It should be as easy as telling apt you want to remove Xorg and it will trigger removal of all the packages which depend on X.

sudo apt-get remove xserver-xorg-core

Just in case that doesn't work, here is a list of everything which ubuntu-desktop triggers to be installed on my bare ubuntu-server install:

account-plugin-aim account-plugin-facebook account-plugin-flickr
  account-plugin-google account-plugin-icons account-plugin-identica
  account-plugin-jabber account-plugin-salut account-plugin-twitter
  account-plugin-windows-live account-plugin-yahoo acl acpi-support acpid
  activity-log-manager-common activity-log-manager-control-center
  adium-theme-ubuntu aisleriot alsa-base alsa-utils anacron apg
  app-install-data app-install-data-partner appmenu-gtk appmenu-gtk3
  appmenu-qt apport apport-gtk apport-symptoms aptdaemon aptdaemon-data apturl
  apturl-common aspell aspell-en at-spi2-core avahi-autoipd avahi-daemon
  avahi-utils bamfdaemon baobab bc binutils bluez bluez-alsa bluez-cups
  bluez-gstreamer branding-ubuntu brasero brasero-cdrkit brasero-common brltty
  checkbox checkbox-qt colord compiz compiz-core compiz-gnome
  compiz-plugins-default consolekit cpp cpp-4.7 cracklib-runtime
  cryptsetup-bin cups cups-bsd cups-client cups-common cups-filters cups-ppdc
  dbus-x11 dc dconf-gsettings-backend dconf-service dconf-tools deja-dup
  desktop-file-utils dictionaries-common diffstat dmz-cursor-theme
  dnsmasq-base doc-base duplicity dvd+rw-tools empathy empathy-common enchant
  eog espeak-data evince evince-common evolution-data-server
  evolution-data-server-common example-content file-roller firefox
  firefox-globalmenu firefox-gnome-support folks-common fontconfig
  fontconfig-config fonts-freefont-ttf fonts-kacst fonts-kacst-one
  fonts-khmeros-core fonts-lao fonts-liberation fonts-lklug-sinhala
  fonts-nanum fonts-opensymbol fonts-sil-abyssinica fonts-sil-padauk
  fonts-takao-pgothic fonts-thai-tlwg fonts-tibetan-machine fonts-tlwg-garuda
  fonts-tlwg-kinnari fonts-tlwg-loma fonts-tlwg-mono fonts-tlwg-norasi
  fonts-tlwg-purisa fonts-tlwg-sawasdee fonts-tlwg-typewriter
  fonts-tlwg-typist fonts-tlwg-typo fonts-tlwg-umpush fonts-tlwg-waree
  foomatic-db-compressed-ppds foomatic-db-engine foomatic-filters freerdp-x11
  gcalctool gcc gcc-4.7 gconf-service gconf-service-backend gconf2
  gconf2-common gcr gdb gedit gedit-common genisoimage geoclue
  geoclue-ubuntu-geoip gettext ghostscript ghostscript-cups ghostscript-x
  gir1.2-accounts-1.0 gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1 gir1.2-atk-1.0 gir1.2-atspi-2.0
  gir1.2-dbusmenu-glib-0.4 gir1.2-dee-1.0 gir1.2-freedesktop gir1.2-gdata-0.0
  gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0 gir1.2-gmenu-3.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0
  gir1.2-gnomekeyring-1.0 gir1.2-goa-1.0 gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-0.10
  gir1.2-gstreamer-0.10 gir1.2-gtk-3.0 gir1.2-gtksource-3.0 gir1.2-gudev-1.0
  gir1.2-indicate-0.7 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-3.0 gir1.2-messagingmenu-1.0
  gir1.2-notify-0.7 gir1.2-pango-1.0 gir1.2-peas-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0
  gir1.2-signon-1.0 gir1.2-soup-2.4 gir1.2-syncmenu-0.1 gir1.2-totem-1.0
  gir1.2-totem-plparser-1.0 gir1.2-ubuntuoneui-3.0 gir1.2-unity-5.0
  gir1.2-vte-2.90 gir1.2-webkit-3.0 gir1.2-wnck-3.0 gksu glib-networking
  glib-networking-common glib-networking-services gnome-accessibility-themes
  gnome-bluetooth gnome-contacts gnome-control-center
  gnome-control-center-data gnome-control-center-signon gnome-desktop3-data
  gnome-disk-utility gnome-font-viewer gnome-games-data gnome-icon-theme
  gnome-icon-theme-symbolic gnome-keyring gnome-mahjongg gnome-media
  gnome-menus gnome-online-accounts gnome-orca gnome-power-manager
  gnome-screensaver gnome-screenshot gnome-session gnome-session-bin
  gnome-session-canberra gnome-session-common gnome-settings-daemon
  gnome-sudoku gnome-system-log gnome-system-monitor gnome-terminal
  gnome-terminal-data gnome-user-guide gnome-user-share gnomine growisofs
  gsettings-desktop-schemas gsfonts gstreamer0.10-alsa gstreamer0.10-gconf
  gstreamer0.10-nice gstreamer0.10-plugins-base
  gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-plugins-good
  gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio gstreamer0.10-tools gstreamer0.10-x gtk2-engines
  gtk2-engines-murrine gtk3-engines-unico gucharmap guile-1.8-libs gvfs
  gvfs-backends gvfs-bin gvfs-common gvfs-daemons gvfs-fuse gvfs-libs gwibber
  gwibber-service gwibber-service-facebook gwibber-service-identica
  gwibber-service-twitter hardening-includes hicolor-icon-theme hpijs hplip
  hplip-data humanity-icon-theme hunspell-en-us hwdata ibus ibus-gtk ibus-gtk3
  ibus-pinyin ibus-pinyin-db-android ibus-pinyin-db-open-phrase ibus-table
  im-switch indicator-applet indicator-application indicator-appmenu
  indicator-datetime indicator-messages indicator-power indicator-printers
  indicator-session indicator-sound inputattach intel-gpu-tools
  intltool-debian iputils-arping kerneloops-daemon landscape-client-ui-install
  language-selector-gnome libaa1 libaccount-plugin-1.0-0 libaccounts-glib0
  libaccounts-qt1 libappindicator1 libappindicator3-1 libapt-pkg-perl
  libarchive-zip-perl libarchive12 libart-2.0-2 libasound2 libasound2-plugins
  libaspell15 libasyncns0 libatasmart4 libatk-adaptor libatk-adaptor-data
  libatk-bridge2.0-0 libatk1.0-0 libatk1.0-data libatkmm-1.6-1 libatspi2.0-0
  libaudio2 libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3
  libavahi-core7 libavahi-glib1 libavahi-gobject0 libavc1394-0 libbamf3-0
  libbluetooth3 libboost-date-time1.49.0 libbrasero-media3-1 libbrlapi0.5
  libburn4 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcaca0 libcairo-gobject2 libcairo-perl
  libcairo2 libcairomm-1.0-1 libcamel-1.2-40 libcanberra-gtk-module
  libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module
  libcanberra-pulse libcanberra0 libcap2 libcap2-bin libcdio-cdda1
  libcdio-paranoia1 libcdio13 libcdparanoia0 libck-connector0 libclone-perl
  libclutter-1.0-0 libclutter-1.0-common libclutter-gst-1.0-0
  libclutter-gtk-1.0-0 libcmis-0.2-2 libcogl-common libcogl-pango0 libcogl9
  libcolord1 libcompizconfig0 libcrack2 libcroco3 libcrypt-passwdmd5-perl
  libcryptsetup4 libcups2 libcupscgi1 libcupsfilters1 libcupsimage2
  libcupsmime1 libcupsppdc1 libcurl3 libcurl3-nss libdaemon0 libdatrie1
  libdbusmenu-glib4 libdbusmenu-gtk3-4 libdbusmenu-gtk4 libdbusmenu-qt2
  libdconf1 libdecoration0 libdee-1.0-4 libdevmapper-event1.02.1
  libdigest-hmac-perl libdiscid0 libdjvulibre-text libdjvulibre21
  libdmapsharing-3.0-2 libdotconf1.0 libdpkg-perl libdrm-nouveau2 libdv4
  libebackend-1.2-5 libebook-1.2-14 libecal-1.2-15 libedata-book-1.2-15
  libedata-cal-1.2-18 libedataserver-1.2-17 libemail-valid-perl libenchant1c2a
  libespeak1 libevdocument3-4 libevview3-3 libexempi3 libexif12 libexiv2-12
  libexttextcat-1.0-0 libexttextcat-data libfarstream-0.1-0
  libfile-basedir-perl libfile-copy-recursive-perl libfile-desktopentry-perl
  libfile-fcntllock-perl libfile-mimeinfo-perl libflac8 libfolks-eds25
  libfolks-telepathy25 libfolks25 libfontconfig1 libfontembed1 libfontenc1
  libframe6 libfreerdp-plugins-standard libfreerdp1 libfs6 libgail-3-0
  libgail-common libgail18 libgck-1-0 libgconf-2-4 libgcr-3-1 libgcr-3-common
  libgd2-xpm libgdata-common libgdata13 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0
  libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common libgee2 libgeis1 libgeoclue0 libgettextpo0
  libgexiv2-1 libgksu2-0 libgl1-mesa-dri libgl1-mesa-glx libglapi-mesa
  libglew1.8 libglewmx1.8 libglib-perl libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin
  libglib2.0-data libglibmm-2.4-1c2a libglu1-mesa libgmime-2.6-0 libgmp10
  libgnome-bluetooth11 libgnome-control-center1 libgnome-desktop-3-4
  libgnome-keyring-common libgnome-keyring0 libgnome-media-profiles-3.0-0
  libgnome-menu-3-0 libgnome-menu2 libgnomekbd-common libgnomekbd8
  libgoa-1.0-0 libgoa-1.0-common libgomp1 libgpgme11 libgphoto2-2
  libgphoto2-l10n libgphoto2-port0 libgpod-common libgpod4 libgrail5 libgrip0
  libgs9 libgs9-common libgssdp-1.0-3 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0
  libgstreamer0.10-0 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libgtk2-perl
  libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-bin libgtk2.0-common libgtkmm-3.0-1
  libgtksourceview-3.0-0 libgtksourceview-3.0-common libgtkspell-3-0
  libgtop2-7 libgtop2-common libgucharmap-2-90-7 libgudev-1.0-0 libgupnp-1.0-4
  libgupnp-igd-1.0-4 libgusb2 libgutenprint2 libgweather-3-1
  libgweather-common libgwibber-gtk3 libgwibber3 libgxps2 libhpmud0
  libhunspell-1.3-0 libhyphen0 libibus-1.0-0 libical0 libice6 libicu48
  libido3-0.1-0 libiec61883-0 libieee1284-3 libijs-0.35 libimobiledevice3
  libindicate5 libindicator3-7 libindicator7 libio-pty-perl
  libio-socket-inet6-perl libipc-run-perl libisofs6 libitm1 libiw30
  libjack-jackd2-0 libjasper1 libjavascriptcoregtk-3.0-0 libjbig0 libjbig2dec0
  libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 libjs-jquery libjson-glib-1.0-0 libjson0 libjte1
  libkpathsea6 liblcms1 liblcms2-2 liblightdm-gobject-1-0 liblircclient0
  libllvm3.1 liblouis-data liblouis2 libltdl7 liblua5.1-0 liblvm2app2.2
  libmailtools-perl libmeanwhile1 libmessaging-menu0 libmetacity-private0a
  libmhash2 libminiupnpc8 libmission-control-plugins0 libmng1 libmpc2 libmpfr4
  libmtdev1 libmtp-common libmtp-runtime libmtp9 libmusicbrainz5-0 libmx-1.0-2
  libmx-bin libmx-common libmysqlclient18 libmythes-1.2-0 libnatpmp1
  libnautilus-extension1a libneon27-gnutls libnet-dns-perl
  libnet-domain-tld-perl libnet-ip-perl libnetfilter-conntrack3 libnettle4
  libnice10 libnl-route-3-200 libnm-glib-vpn1 libnm-glib4 libnm-gtk-common
  libnm-gtk0 libnm-util2 libnotify-bin libnotify4 libnspr4 libnss-mdns libnss3
  libnux-3.0-0 libnux-3.0-common liboauth0 libogg0 libopencc1 libopenobex1
  liborc-0.4-0 libpackagekit-glib2-14 libpam-cap libpam-ck-connector
  libpam-freerdp libpam-gnome-keyring libpam-xdg-support libpanel-applet-4-0
  libpango-perl libpango1.0-0 libpangomm-1.4-1 libpaper-utils libpaper1
  libpcsclite1 libpeas-1.0-0 libpeas-common libperl5.14 libpixman-1-0
  libplist1 libpolkit-agent-1-0 libpolkit-backend-1-0 libpoppler-glib8
  libpoppler28 libportaudio2 libprotobuf7 libprotoc7 libproxy1
  libproxy1-plugin-gsettings libproxy1-plugin-networkmanager libpth20
  libpulse-mainloop-glib0 libpulse0 libpulsedsp libpurple-bin libpurple0
  libpwquality1 libpython3.2 libqjson0 libqpdf8 libqt4-dbus libqt4-declarative
  libqt4-designer libqt4-help libqt4-network libqt4-script libqt4-scripttools
  libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-sql-sqlite libqt4-svg libqt4-test
  libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtassistantclient4 libqtcore4 libqtgui4
  libqtwebkit4 libquadmath0 libquvi-scripts libquvi7 libraptor2-0 librasqal3
  libraw1394-11 libraw5 librdf0 libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-calc
  libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw libreoffice-emailmerge
  libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk libreoffice-help-en-us libreoffice-impress
  libreoffice-math libreoffice-ogltrans libreoffice-pdfimport
  libreoffice-presentation-minimizer libreoffice-presenter-console
  libreoffice-style-human libreoffice-style-tango libreoffice-writer
  librest-0.7-0 librhythmbox-core6 librsvg2-2 librsvg2-common librsync1
  libsamplerate0 libsane libsane-common libsane-hpaio libsecret-1-0
  libsecret-common libsensors4 libsgutils2-2 libshout3 libsignon-extension1
  libsignon-glib1 libsignon-plugins-common1 libsignon-qt1 libsm6 libsmbclient
  libsndfile1 libsnmp-base libsnmp15 libsocket6-perl libsonic0
  libsoup-gnome2.4-1 libsoup2.4-1 libspectre1 libspeechd2 libspeex1
  libspeexdsp1 libssh-4 libstartup-notification0 libsync-menu1
  libsyncdaemon-1.0-1 libsysfs2 libt1-5 libtag1-vanilla libtag1c2a libtalloc2
  libtdb1 libtelepathy-farstream2 libtelepathy-glib0 libtelepathy-logger2
  libthai-data libthai0 libtheora0 libtiff5 libtimezonemap1
  libtotem-plparser17 libtotem0 libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0 libubuntuoneui-3.0-1
  libudisks2-0 libufe-xidgetter0 libunistring0 libunity-core-6.0-5
  libunity-misc4 libunity-protocol-private0 libunity-webapps0 libunity9
  libupower-glib1 liburi-perl libusbmuxd2 libutempter0 libuuid-perl libv4l-0
  libv4lconvert0 libvisual-0.4-0 libvisual-0.4-plugins libvncserver0
  libvorbis0a libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libvte-2.90-9 libvte-2.90-common
  libwacom-common libwacom2 libwavpack1 libwbclient0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-0
  libwebkitgtk-3.0-common libwhoopsie0 libwmf0.2-7 libwmf0.2-7-gtk libwnck-3-0
  libwnck-3-common libwnck-common libwnck22 libwpd-0.9-9 libwpg-0.2-2
  libwps-0.2-2 libx11-xcb1 libx86-1 libxatracker1 libxaw7 libxcb-dri2-0
  libxcb-glx0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-util0
  libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxfixes3 libxfont1 libxft2 libxi6
  libxinerama1 libxkbfile1 libxklavier16 libxml2 libxmu6 libxp6 libxpm4
  libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxres1 libxslt1.1 libxt6 libxtst6 libxv1 libxvmc1
  libxxf86dga1 libxxf86vm1 libyajl2 libyaml-tiny-perl libyelp0
  libzeitgeist-1.0-1 libzephyr4 light-themes lightdm
  lightdm-remote-session-freerdp lightdm-remote-session-uccsconfigure lintian
  linux-libc-dev linux-sound-base make manpages-dev mcp-account-manager-uoa
  media-player-info metacity-common mobile-broadband-provider-info
  modemmanager mousetweaks mscompress mtools mysql-common nautilus
  nautilus-data nautilus-sendto nautilus-sendto-empathy nautilus-share
  network-manager network-manager-gnome network-manager-pptp
  network-manager-pptp-gnome notification-daemon notify-osd notify-osd-icons
  nux-tools obex-data-server obexd-client onboard oneconf openprinting-ppds
  overlay-scrollbar overlay-scrollbar-gtk2 overlay-scrollbar-gtk3 patch
  patchutils pcmciautils perl perl-base perl-modules pinyin-database
  pkg-config plymouth-label plymouth-theme-ubuntu-logo pm-utils policykit-1
  policykit-1-gnome policykit-desktop-privileges poppler-data poppler-utils
  pptp-linux printer-driver-c2esp printer-driver-foo2zjs
  printer-driver-gutenprint printer-driver-hpcups printer-driver-hpijs
  printer-driver-min12xxw printer-driver-pnm2ppa printer-driver-postscript-hp
  printer-driver-ptouch printer-driver-pxljr printer-driver-sag-gdi
  printer-driver-splix protobuf-compiler pulseaudio
  pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pulseaudio-module-gconf pulseaudio-module-x11
  pulseaudio-utils python-appindicator python-apport python-aptdaemon
  python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python-cairo python-configglue python-cups
  python-cupshelpers python-dbus python-dbus-dev python-debtagshw python-defer
  python-dirspec python-gconf python-gi python-gi-cairo python-gnomekeyring
  python-gnupginterface python-gobject python-gobject-2 python-gst0.10
  python-gtk2 python-httplib2 python-ibus python-imaging python-libxml2
  python-lxml python-mako python-markupsafe python-notify python-oauth
  python-openssl python-pam python-pexpect python-piston-mini-client
  python-pkg-resources python-problem-report python-protobuf python-pycurl
  python-pyinotify python-qt4 python-qt4-dbus python-renderpm python-reportlab
  python-reportlab-accel python-serial python-simplejson python-sip
  python-smbc python-twisted-bin python-twisted-core python-twisted-names
  python-twisted-web python-ubuntu-sso-client python-ubuntuone-client
  python-ubuntuone-control-panel python-ubuntuone-storageprotocol python-uno
  python-xdg python-zeitgeist python-zope.interface python3-apport
  python3-aptdaemon python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python3-aptdaemon.pkcompat
  python3-brlapi python3-cairo python3-crypto python3-defer
  python3-distupgrade python3-gi-cairo python3-httplib2 python3-louis
  python3-lxml python3-oauthlib python3-pkg-resources python3-problem-report
  python3-pyatspi2 python3-pycurl python3-software-properties python3-speechd
  python3-update-manager python3-virtkey python3-xdg python3-xkit python3.2
  python3.2-minimal qdbus qpdf qt-at-spi radeontool remmina remmina-common
  remmina-plugin-rdp remmina-plugin-vnc remote-login-service rfkill rhythmbox
  rhythmbox-data rhythmbox-mozilla rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder
  rhythmbox-plugin-magnatune rhythmbox-plugin-zeitgeist rhythmbox-plugins
  rhythmbox-ubuntuone rtkit samba-common samba-common-bin sane-utils seahorse
  session-migration sessioninstaller sgml-base shared-mime-info shotwell
  signon-keyring-extension signon-plugin-oauth2 signon-plugin-password
  signon-ui signond simple-scan smbclient sni-qt software-center
  software-center-aptdaemon-plugins software-properties-common
  software-properties-gtk sound-theme-freedesktop speech-dispatcher
  ssh-askpass-gnome ssl-cert syslinux syslinux-common syslinux-legacy
  system-config-printer-common system-config-printer-gnome
  system-config-printer-udev telepathy-gabble telepathy-haze telepathy-idle
  telepathy-indicator telepathy-logger telepathy-mission-control-5
  telepathy-salut thin-client-config-agent thunderbird thunderbird-globalmenu
  thunderbird-gnome-support toshset totem totem-common totem-mozilla
  totem-plugins transmission-common transmission-gtk ttf-dejavu-core
  ttf-indic-fonts-core ttf-punjabi-fonts ttf-ubuntu-font-family
  ttf-wqy-microhei ubuntu-artwork ubuntu-docs ubuntu-drivers-common
  ubuntu-extras-keyring ubuntu-mono ubuntu-release-upgrader-core
  ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk ubuntu-settings ubuntu-sounds ubuntu-sso-client
  ubuntu-sso-client-qt ubuntu-system-service ubuntu-wallpapers
  ubuntu-wallpapers-quantal ubuntuone-client ubuntuone-client-gnome
  ubuntuone-control-panel ubuntuone-control-panel-qt ubuntuone-couch udisks
  udisks2 unattended-upgrades unity unity-asset-pool unity-common
  unity-greeter unity-lens-applications unity-lens-files unity-lens-gwibber
  unity-lens-music unity-lens-photos unity-lens-shopping unity-lens-video
  unity-scope-gdocs unity-scope-musicstores unity-scope-video-remote
  unity-services unity-webapps-common unity-webapps-service uno-libs3 unzip
  update-inetd update-manager update-manager-core update-notifier
  update-notifier-common upower ure usb-creator-common usb-creator-gtk
  usb-modeswitch usb-modeswitch-data usbmuxd vbetool vino wamerican whoopsie
  wireless-tools wodim wpasupplicant x11-apps x11-common x11-session-utils
  x11-utils x11-xfs-utils x11-xkb-utils x11-xserver-utils xbitmaps
  xcursor-themes xdg-user-dirs xdg-user-dirs-gtk xdg-utils xdiagnose
  xfonts-base xfonts-encodings xfonts-mathml xfonts-scalable xfonts-utils
  xinit xinput xml-core xorg xorg-docs-core xserver-common xserver-xorg
  xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-evdev
  xserver-xorg-input-mouse xserver-xorg-input-synaptics
  xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-video-all
  xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
  xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-mach64 xserver-xorg-video-mga
  xserver-xorg-video-modesetting xserver-xorg-video-neomagic
  xserver-xorg-video-nouveau xserver-xorg-video-openchrome
  xserver-xorg-video-qxl xserver-xorg-video-r128 xserver-xorg-video-radeon
  xserver-xorg-video-s3 xserver-xorg-video-savage
  xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion xserver-xorg-video-sis
  xserver-xorg-video-sisusb xserver-xorg-video-tdfx xserver-xorg-video-trident
  xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vmware xterm xul-ext-ubufox
  xul-ext-unity xul-ext-websites-integration yelp yelp-xsl zeitgeist
  zeitgeist-core zeitgeist-datahub zenity zenity-common zip

You could copy and paste that into an apt-get remove command line.


About installing "GTA: San Andreas" in Ubuntu 14.04

According to WineHQ AppDB Grand Theft Auto : San Andreas should work fine.
However there might be cases where GTA refuses to open :

  Some times gta may fail to start even when you haven't touched (modded) anything. In this case delete the file gta_sa.set inside  the Documents/GTA San Andreas User Files directory and restart the app. You will have to reset your gta sa settings.

Anyway it seems that the version of GTA:SA with less issue is the STEAM one (v3.00), as you can see here.

EDIT : It seems that other users has the same issue you describe.
The solution should be as easy as installing SilentPatch.

Source


Poor-quality video playback from YouTube

Maybe try to uncheck "Hardware acceleration" in the settings you get by right clicking on the Video.

That solved problems I had with YouTube videos a few times now.


how to install the Intel 82845G Graphics controller Ubuntu 12.04

You don't need to install anything. The drivers for intel graphics cards are open source and already integrated into Ubuntu.


Your sources.list is stored at /etc/apt/ folder. To see and edit them you can run:

cat /etc/apt/sources.list

To edit that file run:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

or

sudo apt edit-sources

Your PPAs are stored to:

ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*

Though do mention when editing those files manually make sure you know what you are doing/editing that this/those repos/sources that you're adding will definitely work with your current distro otherwise you can break/damage your apt. Usually when adding new repositories you should run:

sudo add-apt-repository some:ppa


In your home folder is a configuration file ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs:

nano ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

with a content like this:

[..]
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
[..]

You can comment out the line by which the folder will automatically create:

before:

XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"

after

#XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"

Or you can use a single command in a terminal:

sed -i.bak 's/^\(XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR=\)/#\1/' ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

This can be undone:

sed -i.bak 's/^#\(XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR=\)/\1/' ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

In both cases, a backup of your file will be created:

~/.config/user-dirs.dirs.bak


Reinstalled Windows 7 starter, Ubuntu not installing?

Honestly, Wubi sucks in my opinion. I would just download the .iso of Ubuntu 12.04LTS, burn it to a disk, pop it in the disk tray, reboot your machine and install Ubuntu. It comes with a partition manager once installing so you can determine how much you want to allocate for Ubuntu vs. Windows. You won't have to worry about overwriting your disk UNLESS you choose "Erase Entire Disk." Wubi used to be good; however, I feel like there is a lack of communication between Ubuntu and the inventors of the side-by-side OS installer application. Hope this helps. In order to get rid of the GRUB/BOOTMGR issue, just uninstall Wubi and restart for confirmation.


There are several options available for serial console connections  - the easiest is probably putty, but I also enjoy minicom for a nice CLI-only option.
You might be able to find some others here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_terminal_emulators
Of course, if you are using SSH instead of the serial console, there is always ssh


Installing Ubuntu 16.04 on Acer ES 15 Laptop - No bootable device

I had it on a Acer ES1 132
Because it was brand new I returned it to the shop.
BUT you can fix it by changing the bootfile name as the Windows bootfile name.
The UEFI does not allow another bootfile name than Windows.
Regards,
Frank


How to create an Ubuntu Desktop kickstart CDROM on 12.04?

Recently I also had to create an unattended install using Ubuntu 12.04,2 LTS. First I tried to work with the desktop version of Ubuntu but I could not even start the installer in text mode. My experience is that the graphical version just doesn't obey the kickstart file and preseed didn't seem to work either. I am not sayint they don't work, but I couldn't bring them to work.

My solution is to use the server version of Ubuntu and running the installer in text mode. It reads my ks.cfg and ks.preseed file just like I wanted, I could add extra packages to my ISO image, and it works like a charm.

You did not describe what kind of problems exactly you are having, but if you still do, describe them in detail!


After reading this: http://www.canonical.com/intellectual-property-rights-policy

Part 7 has "Contact us": http://www.canonical.com/intellectual-property-rights-policy/contact-us


Converting .mov to file compatible with my Sony PlayStation 3 without losing quality

You will lose quality (unavoidable, any time you transcode you lose quality), although it might not be noticeable. You can use a program such as handbrake (downloadable from their PPA, see http://handbrake.fr/downloads.php )

It no longer has a preset for PS3, but a quick search found these instructions.

Adding PS3 template to handbrake (from Ubuntu Forums)

Download the template and rename it to PS3.plist
Open Handbrake, go to bottom left corner, click on 'Options' then 'Import' and choose PS3.plist

Transcode the video

Load the source video into Handbrake
Select the PS3 template from the right pane
Click transcode and wait for the process to finish


Is there any application or command that lets you insert special characters, umlauts and foreign letters

I have two advices:

Use a suitable keyboard layout, i.e. a layout with dead keys. If you have an English keyboard, pick for instance English (US, intl., with dead keys). But there are several other variants.
Define a compose key. That way you'll be able to type many characters which are not included in the keyboard layout you are using. (Compose key is a XKB feature, so it's available on Kubuntu, but you need to figure out how to define it there.)


Thumbnails on desktop are stretched and do not keep aspect ratio of original thumbnails

With Ubuntu 20.04.1, with the most recent gnome-shell update (gnome-shell-extension-desktop-icons 20.04.0-3~ubuntu20.04.1), the bug still exists.
A possible fix is, in /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/desktop-icons@csoriano/fileItem.js,
replace:
let containerWidth = (this._icon.allocation.x2 - this._icon.allocation.x1) * scaleFactor;
with:
let containerWidth = (this._icon.allocation.x2 - this._icon.allocation.x1);,
then re-login/reboot the system.
Basically, the scaleFactor multiplier here is unnecessary.
Tested on Ubuntu 20.04.1, with display scale 200%. Desktop thumbnails work fine after removing the scaleFactor multiplier as above.
You can also see the bug report here.


Nvidia Persistance Daemon failed to start with drivers 390.xx

I would disable the nvidia-persistenced daemon. It's really meant for GPU server applications using CUDA, where there isn't an X server running. All it does is open the GPU device and hold it open. The GPU takes a couple seconds to initialize, so the persistence daemon is useful for running lots of short-duration CUDA jobs. On a desktop machine, the X server will hold open the GPU device, so nvidia-persistenced doesn't have any benefit.

That said, it sounds like you may still be having general GPU driver issues. I don't think it would hurt to try the 390.42 version -- there seem to be a number of bugs recently, but hopefully Nvidia is working on fixing them.


How can I recover Bluetooth on my Lenovo S10-3 laptop?

Try connecting the laptop using the wired connection to the Internet. Install the Bluetooth firmwares that might be missing into your machine and your done.

For more, look at this page How can I resolve the disabled Bluetooth on resume/power issue on Lenovo laptops?

Thanks!


If you are willing, you could consider this:
Create (or edit) userContent.css using a simple text editor (since it should be a simple text file) in the following path:
/home/your_name/.mozilla/firefox/*****/chrome/userContent.css where ****** is the profile unique to each user.

You may also have to create the chrome folder since it most likely will not exist in more recent versions of Firefox.

In that file place the following:

  @-moz-document domain(google.com)
  { input
      {
      -moz-appearance: none !important;
      color: #000000 !important;
      }
  }

All it does is to force a black font color in input boxes on the google.com site. If you want that code to apply globally, remove the first line and the outer curly brackets.

Please note that chrome and userContent.css are case-sensitive.

Alternatively, you could install the Stylish extension and then browse the gallery of styles available. There is a well attended forum available as well.

The advantage (or disadvantage) of modifying the userContent.css (and userChrome.css) files or using the Stylish extension is that the settings in your stylesheets or in Stylish will have the last word and not the theme. So you can change themes without affecting the way your Firefox looks.


How do I pre-install Ubuntu for someone (OEM install)?

Use the built-in OEM install functionality!

It's very easy to install Ubuntu on a computer for someone else, so that you can customize it for their needs but they can still perform the final basic setup (username, password, language, etc.).

Phase 1. Pre-installation

Press any key to interrupt the LiveCD/LiveUSB autoboot; then press F4 and select OEM Install, and then "Install Ubuntu"

Enter a "company name" (it will only be used in error reports, etc.)

Continue installing...

Enter a temporary username, password and machine-name for the customization phase

Restart

Phase 2. Customization

You are now in the customization phase:

Perform customization: Upgrades, updates, install software, remove software, change wallpapers, etc. In the sample below, we just use the terminal to change the Ubuntu update mirror to one closer to New York City.

When you are done, close all windows and double-click on the Prepare for shipping to end-user icon on the desktop, which will show the message as below:

Phase 3. End-user configuration/"installation"

When the receiver first boots up the computer, he/she will have to select a language:

...and their location/time zone...

...and keyboard layout...

They then choose their username, password, machine-name and whether to encrypt their home directory:

Ubuntu takes a few seconds to perform these final customizations...

...and takes the user directly to their new login screen!


Start graphical.target to be the first process to load at boot

Instead of moving graphical target higher up the list you can disable some of the services at the top of the list. Using one answer within Ubuntu 15.04 network manager causing slow boot worked for me:

systemctl disable NetworkManager-wait-online.service


Multiple sites/virtual hosts not working consistently

It appears that the tutorial you used was for creating local development environment on a Linux host machine and not using a virtual environment.

I ran into the same problem using Virtualbox. You shouldn't have to mess with the ports.conf file.  In Ubuntu 14.04, your virtual host file names must end in .conf, so in your /etc/apache2/sites-available directory you should have:

drupal-8.localhost.conf
drupal-7-site01.localhost.conf
drupal-7-site02.localhost.conf

Enable each site by running:

$ sudo a2ensite drupal-8.localhost.conf
$ sudo a2ensite drupal-7-site01.localhost.conf
$ sudo a2ensite drupal-7-site01.localhost.conf

If you are running Virtualbox as a server from a host machine (such as Mac), you likely have an IP address on your local network for your Virtualbox server.  Your server's IP address will display on the welcome page when you SSH into your Virtualbox server.  If you're already logged in, you can obtain your IP address by running:

$ ifconfig

Your IP might be something like 192.168.57.100.

Since these are not real domain names with full DNS, you will need to add each one to your host machine's host files. (On Mac this is /etc/hosts).  So your host file would look like:

127.0.0.1         localhost
192.168.57.100    drupal-8.localhost
192.168.57.100    drupal-7-site01.localhost
192.168.57.100    drupal-7-site02.localhost

When you enter a domain name into a web browser such as google.com, your system looks at its host file (on Mac it's /etc/hosts) to resolve the domain.  If the domain is not there, it goes out to the Internet to start resolving the domain name to find the proper server IP.  You can override that process by adding custom lines to the host file.  For example, if you added the following line to your host file:

192.168.57.100    google.com

Whenever you typed google.com into your address bar, it would redirect to your Virtualbox server instead of the real google.com site.

So, when you're working in a virtual test environment, you'll need to add each test site to your /etc/hosts file.  There may be a way to configure your test server so you don't have to add a separate entry for each site in your hosts file, but I haven't gone that far.

As a side note, rather than naming your sites with .localhost, you might consider using .dev instead.  It's shorter, and more closely resembles a real domain name.  Generally localhost is used when you're referencing something on the same machine (i.e. connecting to a database on the same server, or developing locally on your host machine - such as running apache/php/mysql/ruby directly on your Mac/Windows machine). When you run Ubuntu in Virtualbox, you're running a completely separate environment from your host machine.


Installed 14.04 LTS... Wifi works for a while, then disconnects... requires reboot

Download and install this Wifi Driver.. This original driver is very unstable on the hp stream when using Ubuntu.

Click Here

Extract and make install then reboot your Hp Stream. You will not have any more Wifi dropping problems anymore.


Cannot disable modsecurity engine on Apache 2.4, Ubuntu 14.04

So I think I've figured it out, though I can't find any documentation on apache or modsecurity which would explain why it's not working the way it used to. Anyway, I'll post my solution here in case anyone else has the same problem.

Setting the SecRuleEngine flag in the modsecurity.conf file now overwrites all other values in virtual hosts, so it's either all on or all off. Setting it on here also seems to ignore SecRuleRemoveById flags in virtual hosts as well, which is pretty bad.

I've commented out the SecRuleEngine flag in modsecurity.conf, and I'm setting it on a folder-by-folder basis in my virtual hosts file. For example:

<Directory ***>
    <IfModule security2_module>
        SecRuleRemoveById xxxxxx
        SecRuleEngine On
    </IfModule>
</Directory>

This seems to be working for me now.


My ISP is adding a domain suffix .numericable.fr on my DNS resolution

I've been through the exact same situation (not with kubernetes though).
The solution for me was to set the DNS manually for the wifi network concerned.

Open Settings
Select Wifi/Network depending on your type of connection
Click on the settings icon of your network
In the ipv4 tab, turn off automatic DNS
Set the DNS values to the one of your supplier. For numericable, I've set 89.2.0.1, 89.2.0.2.

Hope it helps !

Happy remote working and take care !


I'm not sure that there is a good way to downgrade to 32bit. You can however install ia32-libs-multiarch to add 32bit support to the 64bit OS:

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs-multiarch

source


How to add user from apache user group in linux

sudo adduser username

 sudo adduser username www-data

First command creates user and will create a home directory for user and add them to group (whatever username is), second gives group access to www-data to said user.

If user already exists, just use the second command.  If user is logged in at time they will need to log out and in again for change to take


The problem is not with geoclue package. You don't need to install geoclue. It is because you have not configured Redshift. Redshift sets the color temperature according to your location. The simplest fix to this issue is to enable location services:
System Settings > Security & Privacy > Location services > Turn ON

But you can manually configure Redshift to set custom values for color temperature and location. For that, open up your browser and search for the latitude and longitude for your area, for example, new york latitude and longitude.

Once you get the values for latitude and longitude for your area, then search for Startup Applications in your computer. Most probably you will have the entry for Redshift. Click on the Redshift entry and then click Edit. Then in the command section enter this command:

redshift-gtk -l [LATITUDE]:[LONGITUDE] -t 6500:3400

Replace [LATITUDE] and [LONGITUDE] with your values. For example my command goes like:

redshift-gtk -l 20.5937:78.9629 -t 6500:3400

Note:- If for some reason you don't see the entry for Redshift in the startup applications menu, just click on the Add button instead of the Edit button, provide a name for example, Redshift and then enter the above command.

The values 6500 and 3400 represent the color temperature values for day and night respectively. The value 6500 makes no color changes and the screen is perfectly calibrated. If you want to eliminate blue light on day time also, change the value 6500 to 5500. Again you can have your own custom values. Just Save the settings and Reboot to apply changes.


Stuck on bootloop when I tried to install ubuntu touch on my Galaxy nexus

Hopefully you didn't brick it.

Try booting into System Recovery Mode..

  Press and hold the Volume Down button, and press then Power button until the screen lights up. Then select Recovery and press Power button to confirm.

Might look something like this:


Will Ubuntu format my external hard drive?

Solution:

Want to keep all your data?:

You should install Ubuntu on a separate partition. The most important thing is you should create a separate partition for Ubuntu manually, and you should select it while installing Ubuntu.

First create a separate partition for Ubuntu while running Windows (like a partition with more than 10 GB). Also create a small partition for the swap partition (size is equal to your RAM size).

You should know the partition sizes you created so that you can identify them easily while installing Ubuntu.

See the below images - I picked them by googling so they won't be same as yours (like partition sizes and number of partitions).

The second important thing is while installing Ubuntu select "Something else".

It will allow you to select your manually created partition to install Ubuntu onto it.

Now select and edit the partition you created for Ubuntu. Be careful in selecting. Check twice that you selected the correct partition, not some other partition as you may lose data like before.

Select the format partition, use as mount point as shown in the image. The size is up to you.

After that, select the swap partition, and edit it as shown in the image (size is your choice).

After that select the "Device for boot loader installation" at the bottom and select the one with /dev/sda at the beginning.

Now you can select "install now" at the right bottom.


This isn't exactly possible (with my limited understanding of these systems).

An alternative would be to add a keyfile on your first encrypted partition that will give access to the other drives.

When setting up a keyfile, make sure you investigate and figure out a good size, as well as measures to protect it from getting stolen.  Also, I'd recommend adding a passphrase that you can remember in case the first drive fails.

The Archlinux community has a very good set of documentation in regards to setting up and managing LVM and cryptfs/dm-crypt/LUKS partitions.

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/ECryptfs
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/disk_encryption
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/LVM
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system


Robust Language Check Options for Linux Word Processing Software

If what you are looking for is a grammar checker, there are a few options available:

. LanguageTool - available as an extension to LibreOffice. Follow this guide if you have difficulties installing.

. Queequeg -  an English grammar checker for non-native English speakers. Support is lean but the Wiki page has many details; useful for LaTeX users.

. Abiword - has long included a grammar checking engine, which in its latest versions uses Link Grammar theory. Available from the Software Centre.

As an addendum, Readability Report may be an helpful tool to improve the readability of your text.

Beyond these suggestions there are a few more grammar/readability suites available under commercial licenses.


unable to mount read-only DVD with photos

When I try to mount in terminal I get the following message:

mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

mount: you must specify the filesystem type

You need to make extra sure you specify the filesystem type. It's not related to the fact it has JPEG images on it.

So, try mounting with:

sudo mount -t udf /dev/sr0 /cdrom

or

sudo mount -t udf /dev/sr0 /cdrom

if the first fails.

where [/path/to/mount/point] is a directory that exists and is empty. The reason this works is that we are specifying the FS type manually as the error message asks us to do.

However, the OP's dmesg had many entries such as:

end_request: I/O error, dev sr0, sector 1248

which meant that the disk was corrupt or damaged,


unable to download all of ubuntu 20.xx over wifi. The file(.iso) is 2.7 gig but only get to 1.6 gig and crash every try

If you are using Ubuntu to download, I would suggest using a command line tool like aria2 to do the download.
First, install aria2 by running the following commands:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install aria2

Next, use the aria2c command to download the file:
cd ~/Downloads
aria2c -x5 https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.2.0/ubuntu-20.04.2.0-desktop-amd64.iso

This will use 5 connections to do the download. Aria2 has the ability to resume downloading in case the download fails at some point. If you need to, you can run the command again and it will resume downloading the remaining portion of the file.
Also, don't forget to verify your file when you are done.


Which command gets udevdb.txt file at launchpad?

The command used by Apport is: udevadm info --export-db

See the attach_hardware function in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/hookutils.py.  It does a bit of anonymisation of partition labels as well, but that's not important if you're just going to analyse the output locally.


How do I make a Bash script that opens tmux, runs multiple lines of commands, then detaches from tmux?

This should work:
#!/bin/bash
sessname="newsess"

cd ~/data
mkdir "$1"

# Create a new session named "$sessname", and run command
tmux new-session -d -s "$sessname"
tmux send-keys -t "$sessname" "screamingfrogseospider --crawl $2 --headless --save-crawl --output-folder ~/data/$1 --timestamped-output" Enter

# Attach to session named "$sessname"
#tmux attach -t "$sessname"

This creates a tmux session with the name set in variable $sessname - you could also use $1 as session name if you like. It then takes your 2 arguments, creates a tmux session with the given name and runs the command.
To make the script more resilient, you should add checks to see if ~/data/$1 already exist, and not run the mkdir command if it does. You could also check that it has 2 parameters with the right format etc.
By default, it does not attach to the session, so you return back to your shell. Uncomment the last line to attach, or run this manually: (replace newsess if you change the value of $sessname)
tmux attach -t newsess

Please let me know if it works for you.


No, this feature was dropped: http://www.linux-archive.org/ubuntu-desktop/478109-gnome-session-saving-dropped-natty.html

There is a bug filed for this (so, someone might be willing at some point to restore the feature): https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/773688

But from my own experience, the feature was completely unpredictable: even the File Manager windows were not always restored and those restored were at different spaces/positions etc.


How to uninstall visual studio code in Ubuntu 16.04

In the terminal, sudo dpkg -P code should do it... although the gdebi Uninstall option should have worked for you too. Why do you wish to uninstall it, as it's a good editor, especially for source code.

Update #1:

Since Code had been installed using umake, it required sudo umake --remove ide visual-studio-code to uninstall it properly.


Why is cat running as a daemon on Ubuntu 12.04?

cat is running as part of the Unity Dash Text-Search service (zeitgeist-fts)

cat is not a daemon; conCATenate is a utility which joins one or more input files into a single output file.

/bin/cat runs on Ubuntu 12.04 as a part of the Zeitgeist service, which logs events, history, etc. and also enables the search-as-you-type in the dash feature.
Specifically, it is started by zeitgeist-fts (Zeitgeist Full-Text-Search), which is the Zeitgeist component providing the search feature.
Proof: notice the PID of cat (3082) in ps andpstree output:

$ ps aux | grep /bin/cat
izx       3082  0.0  0.0  11372   568 ?        S    Jun08   0:00 /bin/cat

and

$ pstree -p | grep zeit
├─zeitgeist-daemo(3051)───{zeitgeist-daemo}(3061)
    ├─zeitgeist-datah(3076)───{zeitgeist-datah}(3081)
    └─zeitgeist-fts(3075)─┬─cat(3082)
                          └─{zeitgeist-fts}(3080)

Zeitgeist/Unity did not exist in 10.04, so no cat either! As for why it's needed, cat is universally used for text processing, and the function of its parent zeitgeist-fts is...text processing :)


Why does chromium inputs 'j' and 'k' characters when I scroll horizontally?

In Ye Olde Days, h j k and l were the directional navigation keys for left, down, up, and right, respectively.

Since j an k are traditional shortcuts for down and up in Google products, it seems like something is in a weird mode where it wants to send the shortcut keys in lieu of taking an action.

My vote is "bug."


How to emulate pressing the Close button from a script?

In the probable absence of a Thunderbird command-line option that you could use to start it minimized or in the background, your best option is probably to use something like xdotool, which is in the repositories. (See my later note on the minimize to tray addon).

This is the command you need to minimise the instance of Thunderbird; xdotool searches for the Thunderbird window on the window stack and then minimizes it

xdotool search --class thunderbird windowminimize %@

Maximise Thunderbird and then try it in the terminal; it seems to be the command you are looking for. Often when used in scripts the --sync argument is added, as noted in the man page:

  After requesting the window minimize, wait until the window is actually minimized. This is useful for scripts that depend on actions being completed before moving on.

You may also have to delay the command a bit until Thunderbird has actually started up, and there is a sleep command built into xdotool, so you could use

xdotool sleep 6 search --class thunderbird windowminimize %@

and set the sleep interval at whatever value you needed.

This minimises Thunderbird, but not to the background like when you use the minimize to tray addon, as you set up that addon so that pressing exit sends Thunderbird to the tray. Assuming that addon is installed, it may be possible to use xdotool to emulate the mouse-click of the x in Thunderbird's window and so background it. However, using windowkill instead of windowminimize with Thunderbird (when the tray addon is installed) closes the entire application.

After discussion it was said that the windowunmap option was the one necessary to actually hide the window; this is much easier than trying to emulate a click on the thunderbird window.

xdotool sleep 6 search --class thunderbird windowunmap %@


how to remove first N-1 lines up to a given input string

Sure you can use grep and sed and bash arithmetic expansion, e.g.:

N=$(grep -n -m1 'STRING' file1.txt | cut -d: -f1)
sed "1,$(( N - 1 ))d" file1.txt > file2.txt

You can get the same effect with sed, e.g.:

sed '/STRING/!d; :a; n; ba' file1.txt > file2.txt


I found that sudo su wininfo gives me the info I need.


Android Studio not recognising KVM on Ubuntu 18.04

I had this mistake with Android Studio 3.0.1 on Ubuntu 18.04 when I run the emulator. You can try this answer. To add the user username to the kvm group, you could use:

sudo apt install qemu-kvm
sudo adduser $USER kvm

In my case it worked, albeit with a re-login required after the whole process.


Why am I not prompted for sudo actions in the GUI when connecting via RDP?

I think I found an answer after combining 2 other answers on the subject.
The gist of it seems to be that there was some problem with the .Xauthority file.

I pieced together something that seems to fix the issue based on 2 other bits of information I found at the following links:

https://superuser.com/questions/806637/xauth-not-creating-xauthority-file
https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=61971

Here is what I did:

    # Rename the existing .Xauthority file by running the following command
    mv .Xauthority old.Xauthority

    # xauth with complain unless ~/.Xauthority exists
    touch ~/.Xauthority

    # I have xRDP set up to start at display 10.
    # I'm the only user and sessions reconnect so I only use a single entry.
    mcookie|sed -e 's/^/add :10 . /'|xauth -q

On a quick check after rebooting the system, I was prompted for my password when accessing the gnome disk manager which it never used to do.


Disk fragmentation.  If they are large files you can use filefrag to check how fragmented the individual files are, but there is another kind of fragmentation that tends to happen with many small files:  the order that the names appear in the directory may be completely different from the order that the inodes appear on disk, and that order may be completely different from the order of the data blocks on disk.  That means when you open all of the files in the order their names appear in the directory, the disk has to seek a lot and slows things down.  I wrote the following python script once to compute the correlation between names, inodes, and the first data block of all files in the current directory so you can measure this:

#!/usr/bin/python

import os
from stat import *
import fcntl
import array

names = os.listdir('.')
lastino = 0
name_to_ino_in = 0
name_to_ino_out = 0
lastblock = 0
name_to_block_in = 0
name_to_block_out = 0
iblocks = list()
inode_to_block_in = 0
inode_to_block_out = 0

for file in names :
    try :
        st = os.stat(file)
    except OSError:
        continue
    if not S_ISREG(st.st_mode) :
        continue
    if st.st_ino > lastino :
        name_to_ino_in += 1
    else : name_to_ino_out += 1
    lastino = st.st_ino
    f = open(file)
    buf = array.array('I', [0])
    err = fcntl.ioctl(f.fileno(), 1, buf)
    if err != 0 :
        print "ioctl failed on " + f
    block = buf[0]
    if block != 0 :
        if block > lastblock :
            name_to_block_in += 1
        else : name_to_block_out += 1
        lastblock = block
        iblocks.append((st.st_ino,block))
print "Name to inode correlation: " + str(float(name_to_ino_in) / float((name_to_ino_in + name_to_ino_out)))
print "Name to block correlation: " + str(float(name_to_block_in) / float((name_to_block_in + name_to_block_out)))
iblocks.sort()
lastblock = 0
for i in iblocks:
    if i[1] > lastblock:
        inode_to_block_in += 1
    else: inode_to_block_out += 1
    lastblock = i[1]
print "Inode to block correlation: " + str(float(inode_to_block_in) / float((inode_to_block_in + inode_to_block_out)))

Old filesystems that have had many small files added over a long time tend to get in bad shape.  Simply copying the entire directory may result in the destination being much better, then you can delete the original and replace it with the copy.  The second problem that contributes to this though is ext4's htree indexed directory feature, which is used on directories with many files in them to make looking up an individual file name much faster, but essentially completely randomizes the order of the names.  You can check if a directory is using htrees with lsattr -d and look for the I attribute.

One of the reasons that I prefer to backup with dump instead of tar is that it is immune to this problem since it reads all of the files in inode order regardless of the order the names appear in the directory.  It still has to contend with the inode to block fragmentation though.  A copy or a pass of e2defrag can help with that.


After a reinstall adding a home partition: Can I copy the old home folder to the new partition?

Yes! You can copy the old home folder to the new partition (via an external hard drive)

But... what about file permissions?

The issue is if your external hard drive is formatted for Windows incompatibilities, then it will not respect the file ownership and permissions when you copy them to the external drive.

For most files this will not matter. However, for some files like ssh private key, permissions are important and without the right kind of permissions the key will not work.

Solution 1

Format the external drive to ext4 the default format used by Ubuntu. The disadvantage is, all the data in the external drive will be lost when you reformat it to ext4. On the plus side, you will have an external drive specifically for transferring data between two Ubuntu (any Linux) computers.

Drag and drop or copy paste by Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V in Nautilus would only work if you are the only user of the computer, and there is only one user account (yours).

If the computer has other user accounts you want to copy using the terminal. Say your external hard drive is mounted as /media/$USER/USB2TB. Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter:

sudo cp -rp /home /media/$USER/USB2TB/home

Instead of the cp command you may want to use rsync like:

sudo rsync -aXS --exclude='/*/.gvfs' /home/. /media/home/.

See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6339287/copy-or-rsync-command for various answers about difference between cp and rsync.

In all cases, remember to eject or Safely Remove the hard drive and WAIT till it is safe to unplug.

Solution 2

Use the default Backup software that comes with Ubuntu to backup your home folder. Make sure the backup target is the external drive. This ensures the ownership and permission data is preserved even if the drive is formatted FAT32 or NTFS.

Solution 3

Put everything in a compressed tarball. Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter:

tar czvf /media/$USER/USB2TB/myhomebackup.tar.gz /home/$USER

where $USER is your user ID for this computer. The tar options czvf does the following:

c creates a new archive
z filters the archive through gzip to make it compressed
v verbosely list files processed
f <name of archive> use archive file name <name of archive>

To overwrite or not?

Since this is the same machine, with no new hardware, I would overwrite the existing files. First, with a brand new install, there is no "real" data in your home folder. Second, overwriting the hidden files brings back the configurations, bookmarks etc. from your old install.

I find it easier to go through the hidden folders and files (the file and folder names that start with a .dot) later and delete the ones that are not needed. For example, if I don't need the program foo any more and did not install foo in the new installation, I would delete the folder .foo in my home folder. Even if I don't delete .foo it does not take up a lot of space. If I decide I need to use foo again some day, the config will be there.

Can it be done without a new install?

Yes! You can move the home folder to a new partition. There is an excellent guide about it at: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Partitioning/Home/Moving

I strongly advise that you make a backup (or two backups!) of your pictures, songs, or whatever you hold dear to your heart, before you try this.

Mistakes happens. If you make one, your data could be gone forever. So, be safe and keep at least two backups of important files before you try any of this.

Hope this helps


You are IMO better off doing a fresh, standard installation. I do not know an easy way to directly boot your ubuntu.vdi, you could probably copy the partition with dd or gparted, but you would then need to manually install and configure grub.

Installing will do the configuration for you, and is thus going to be easier.

You can back up your user data (home) to a usb drive or transfer it from vitrualbox with the use of  shared folders.

You can generate a list of installed packages with

sudo dpkg --get-selections > packages.list

You then transfer packages.list to your fresh install and use it to restore you packages with

sudo dpkg --set-selections < packages.list
sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade


no sound internal speakers but ok on headphone

Today I got the solution of my sound related problem. I uninstalled pulseaudio completely and then did alsamixer settings for speakers and other parameters. Now everything working fine. I found that alsa and pulseaudio are conflicting at some point so I uninstalled them one by one. First I uninstalled alsa but problem remained as it is, then I uninstalled pulseaudio and installed alsa only. After setting sound parameters it worked well.
Thanks all.


ImportError: No module named 'PyQt4.QtWebKit'

It looks like the PyQt4.QtWebKit package got removed in Ubuntu 16.10, probably because both PyQt4 and QtWebKit are long unmaintained.


Failed to install Cloudera-manager-agent

First try sudo apt-get install -f  to fix broken package. If not works then try to remove by
Purgeing the installed package by sudo apt-get purge cloudera-manager-agent.
Then clean your apt cache file by running

sudo apt-get autoclean
 sudo apt-get clean cache

then update and upgrade your package manager by running sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

then again install your packege by sudo apt-get install cloudera-manager-agent

Hope this will work!!


How to set default applications non-interactively (e.g. vlc as default for video)?

That information is stored in .local/share/applications/mimeapps.list, I save a copy of that file and copy it to new systems.


Unable to open Eclipse IDE due to missing symlink

I too had the same problem, it seemed like an older version of java was copied into the home directory under .swt. By Creating a symbolic link to /usr/lib/jni/libswt I was able to solve my issue.

Run the beow command in the terminal to fix it.

ln -s /usr/lib/jni/libswt-* ~/.swt/lib/linux/x86_64/


You need to have both Nvidia proprietary drivers and nvidia-prime to get it working. This can be done by running

sudo apt-get install nvidia-346 nvidia-prime

for Ubuntu 14.04 and 15.04.

Then you will have Nvidia X Server Settings in Dash. And there you can find PRIME profiles.


Lost Sound To Headphone Jack After Recent Update (Ubuntu 12.04)

Add the alsa-daily PPA by running by the command:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-audio-dev/alsa-daily

Update your packages list with:

sudo apt-get update

Then install the alsa-hda-dkms package:

sudo apt-get install alsa-hda-dkms

Reboot, and see the result! (This worked for me.)

Source: Sound from both headphones and speakers


Following the comments finally I just deleted /dev/sda7 & /dev/sda8 partitions (in my case, with https://gparted.org/) and then

sudo update-grub
sudo grub-install /dev/sda


Matlab with 2 icons on the dock in linux Ubuntu 20.04

Finally, I managed to solve it, in many places I saw that I had to add this StartupWMClass = com-mathworks-util-PostVMInit in /usr/share/applications/matlab.desktop but it did not help me, finally what I did was add that line but different
StartupWMClass=MATLAB R2021a - academic use

take the value from what appears at the top when opening MATLAB

but one thing was missing to select the correct image of the icon, since generally one finds that they download it from the internet, but this generates an error, so it is better to choose the one that comes in the download files, since it seems that two icons appear because there are errors in the matlab.desktop that makes it impossible to open from there
Icon=/usr/local/MATLAB/R2021A/bin/glnxa64/cef_resources/matlab_icon.png

Finally I leave the complete matlab.desktop file
    #!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
    [Desktop Entry]
    Type=Application
    Icon=/usr/local/MATLAB/R2021A/bin/glnxa64/cef_resources/matlab_icon.png
    Name=MATLAB R2021a
    Comment=Start MATLAB - The Language of Technical Computing
    #Uncomment the following line and comment the line after to
    #force matlab to use the 32 bits architecture
    #Exec=matlab -arch=glnx86 -desktop
    Exec=matlab -desktop
    Terminal=false
    Categories=Development;
    StartupNotify=true
    #Uncomment the following line if you've got several matlab icons in the launcher
    StartupWMClass=MATLAB R2021a - academic use


While I might not provide the exact solution to the problem right now, because your question is missing relevant information, here's some things you can do to troubleshoot the problem and perhaps include them into the question, so that other users can help you.

What can you include into your question?

Script output from My wireless/WiFi connection does not work. What
information is needed to diagnose the issue?
Ouput of /var/log/syslog. Try reproducing the problem and note the
time when you do it. After you go through the whole process, read the
syslog. The recent events are all at the end of file, so you might
want to do something like cat /var/log/syslog | tail -n50 to list
last 50 lines in that file, but you can change that number as needed.
Output of lsmod ( perhaps a driver isn't loading properly );
Output of dmesg
Output of rfkill list all

Possible issues:

Your ethernet works, but wireless doesn't. So it may well be issue with wireless card ( failiing hardware ), with wireless drivers, or wireless configuration.  But until we know what's in your syslog, we probably won't be able to pin-down the issue. There are wireless dongles, which you could use to test whether or not this is wireless card issue, but the better way IMHO would be to boot on a live USB, and see if that works.


Update the Kernel manually the way UKUU (Ubuntu Kernel Update Utility) does

I asked a similar question here and the general consensus was that if it ain't broke, don't fix it.

I was particularly impressed with @Rinzwind answer:  ignore it ;-) I know it itches :D :D and it took me a year or 2 to accept to just ignore it. – Rinzwind Apr 21 at 17:17 and @heynnemma who advised:

  don't manually update it to 5.0.9. If this is a personal machine


Unable to update or remove software (new install)

As Zanna suggested, I used

sudo -H software-properties-gtk

instead of

gksu software-properties-gtk

When I did that, it opened the window shown in the top answer of the post I linked to. I then followed their instructions:

I went to "other software" tab,
Selected and removed all of the third party repositories,
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -f && sudo apt-get update,
Losts of code scrolled through the terminal window,
I restarted my machine - not sure if necessary,
I went back to the Ubuntu Software and clicked install - they installed.

All updates were then successful.


If you have had an external hard drive connected to the system
  sometimes. the trash folder would be named .Trash-1000.  The 1000 is
  the owner's UID and it is located in the root directory of the
  partition (hidden). You can empty that folder using the command rm.

Source: Ubuntu Forums (specific post unknown)


How to install Ubuntu Unity interface on Xubuntu?

The left panel is hidden by default. Install ccsm  to enable you to change the Launcher's settings so it shows all the time.

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

To show the launcher, all you have to do is put your mouse on the left side of the screen for a few seconds (on 11.10) or at the top left (on 11.04).


First, try to figure out how to select your boot medium and/or enter your firmware setup utility without GRUB. Unfortunately, this varies a lot from one computer to another. Typically, hitting Esc, Enter, or a function key early in the boot process does the trick -- but sometimes the time window for doing so is quite narrow, so you may end up having to try two or three times before it succeeds. Asking on a forum dedicated to your manufacturer may get you a more specific answer.

Once you can boot from an external medium your options will open up. You can often use Boot Repair from a live disk to get GRUB back to a working state. Alternatively, my own rEFInd boot manager may be useful -- put it on a USB flash drive or CD-R and it should enable you to boot Windows or Linux, even if GRUB is completely messed up.

As a last resort, removing the hard disk and booting without it will often put you into the firmware setup utility, but of course you won't be able to do anything to your OS that way. You might use this to alter the boot options to enable you to use a keypress to enter the EFI's built-in boot manager, though. (Sometimes this option can be disabled or its window of operation narrowed to an unusable level, so adjusting such details can be helpful. "Fast start" options can be to blame for this.) That said, removing or replacing the disk sometimes has the undesirable side effect of removing entries from the EFI's boot manager, which stores data in NVRAM. When the EFI notices that entries point to a disk that's no longer available, the firmware sometimes "helpfully" deletes them, which is obviously not what you want in this case.

You may be able to adjust your OS by moving the disk to another computer that can boot another Linux installation (even the Ubuntu installer in its "try before installing" mode). You'll need to know what you're doing, though, and if you try to adjust the boot process, a slip-up can end up affecting the second computer's main installation, so be careful if you do this!


What is the Linux equivalent to Windows' Program Files?

Late Answer - I've created a roadmap for beginners to follow. If they are looking for a file but don't know where to look, they can use the map to roughly navigate around. You can download a hi-res PNG here. You can find the related post here. I will keep updating both the file and the post when time permits, incorporating helpful comments.


How to remove ubuntu after booting from live USB?

Take the drive physically out of the computer, restart and all should be good.  Delete old Ubuntu ISO and download a new one,  the old one is corrupted.


Is there a faster way to scan SCSI ports different from 'sbin/rescan-scsi-bus'?

I came with a solution to my problem.

Even it's an old kernel command it helped me to resolve wait times and to assure all SSDs are scanned before the validation.

echo 'scsi add-single-device X 0 0 0' > /proc/scsi/scsi

and

echo 'scsi remove-single-device X 0 0 0' > /proc/scsi/scsi

where X is the number of the host I want to mount/unmount, in this specific case, for example for 'ATA1' port host is 0, so it would be:

echo 'scsi add-single-device 0 0 0 0' > /proc/scsi/scsi

and

echo 'scsi remove-single-device 0 0 0 0' > /proc/scsi/scsi


How to restore re-created default user directories to Files quicklist?

After some trial and error I've learned that the default user directories are not re-created in ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks like new Nautilus bookmarks are, and manually re-adding them to this file fixes this issue with the Files quicklist.

Follow the format of the existing folders, so for example I opened the bookmarks with nano ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks and put the line file:///home/tom/Documents at the top of the file and this fixed it (change the username in the example to yours, obviously). The change persists across reboots and new bookmarks continue to work as expected.


How to share a folder in the same PC between Ubuntu and Windows

Ubuntu can read and write on NTFS, so you just have to make such entry in your /etc/fstab:

# /windows was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=28A139962EFFC093 /windows        ntfs    defaults,umask=007,gid=46 0       0

Replace UUID with your Windows partition UUID. You can get it by sudo blkid:

$ sudo blkid
[sudo] password for karimov-danil:
/dev/sda1: UUID="f1b3915e-3c86-a3ec-3273-43967f134ce5" UUID_SUB="f48bf957-6f67-171f-ea75-29ddbd401637" LABEL="ubuntu:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sda2: LABEL="Win" UUID="28A139962EFFC093" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda3: UUID="571a61fe-6e6f-45d0-9fe1-832f28519f96" TYPE="reiserfs"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="f1b3915e-3c86-a3ec-3273-43967f134ce5" UUID_SUB="d0318ec5-9e4c-a864-7906-2d43bcbd0374" LABEL="ubuntu:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/md0p1: UUID="88dc483f-aef9-454b-b744-2c3e3202a198" TYPE="swap"
/dev/md0p5: LABEL="Home" UUID="b632fe56-564e-4d3f-833a-fde68fd1dd32" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/md0p6: LABEL="Ubuntu" UUID="da84c996-f7d0-4fe8-8822-407e4f6c5c22" TYPE="ext4"


How t get Pressure sensitivity work on a Wacom bamboo pen ctl-460?

Which programs are you trying? There are problems in 11.10, gnome completely broke their wacom support and inkscape and gimp both can't use pressure sensitivity any more.

This is a known problem, which we hope will be fixed in the next release.


windows partition unreconizable due to ubuntu instalation

You data may still be physically on the disk, but only if Ubuntu haven't actually used the partition as a swap area (if you did not turn the swapping off yet, you need to do this right now although it may already be too late).

When creating a swap area, mkswap command does not actually format or erase the partition, however, it does erase the first block of the partition to make any previous filesystem invisible, and then it writes a swap header (see man mkswap) - which, in total, overrides the first 4096 bytes of the partition.

A useful question: https://superuser.com/questions/172724/what-file-system-is-swap-on-linux

My reading suggests that NTFS header is 16 sectors (8192 bytes) long, so you've only zapped a half of it. Moreover,

  When you format an NTFS volume, the format program allocates the first
  16 sectors for the $Boot metadata file. First sector, in fact, is a
  boot sector with a "bootstrap" code and the following 15 sectors are
  the boot sector's IPL (initial program loader). To increase file
  system reliability the very last sector an NTFS partition contains a
  spare copy of the boot sector.

So, basically, you need to somehow copy the last sector of the partition into the very first sector and that should allow OS to see the partition. It won't be bootable, but the data should be accessible.

Googling for "NTFS restore boot sector" finds a program called TestDisk which claims to be able to do what you need.

There's also software called Photorec which can recover files from a damaged partition by scanning the partition and looking for file signatures. It can recover data even from a partition which cannot be accessed by the OS.


Desktop wallpaper won't display images, only colours and gradients

Are you using compiz with the compiz-wallpaper option activated? If so, the default wallpaper dialog in appearance-properties has no effect since would be overrided by compiz. Check it in ccsm and if is enabled, disable it.


bleachbit wiped my free space and now showing 0 byte available

Delete the giant file in  ~/.cache using rm -rf ~/.cache or use BleachBit to delete system temporary files. This assumes you have a relatively newer version of BleachBit, or the large file may be in another location.

Ubuntu repositories often have old versions, so try to update from www.bleachbit.org


Only one resolution available in Xorg.conf

The only way I've found to work around this problem so far is to manually create a cloned mode from the command line, for example:

nvidia-settings --assign CurrentMetaMode="LVDS-0: nvidia-auto-select @1280x1024 +0 +0 {ViewPortIn=1280x1024, ViewPortOut=1440x1080+240+0}, DVI-I-0: nvidia-auto-select @1280x1024 +0 +0"


Music player to display the underlying folder structure

You can use Sonata, GTK+ client for the Music Player Daemon (MPD), which can show you music in it library as it is stored in your computer folder-wise.

Here is how to install and configure Sonata

You can also  search in library using Artist,Title, Album,Genre,Filename or Everything

You can also use guayadeque:

Install guayadeque by sudo apt-get install guayadeque.


Automatically install package dependencies with terminal

The command you are probably looking for is gdebi. It should be provided by the gdebi-core package.

GDEBI(1)                                                              GDEBI(1)

NAME
       gdebi - Simple tool to install deb files

SYNOPSIS
       gdebi [package.deb]...

DESCRIPTION
       gdebi  lets you install local deb packages resolving and installing its
       dependencies. apt does the  same,  but  only  for  remote  (http,  ftp)
       located packages.


Where is security.ubuntu.com for old-releases?

The correct link is still old-releases.ubuntu.com

There isn't any equal of security.ubuntu.com on these old archive, so just stick with main link.

See also: How to install software or upgrade from an old unsupported releases ?


Broken sound in Skype (Version 8.26.0.70) after Ubuntu 18.04 upgrade

Download latest directly from Skype.com.  V. 8.27.x.x worked flawlessly with my dell xps...  The repository  and snap packages didn't work for me or were older.


Can't install dual boot Windows 10- Ubuntu 18.04LTS

If you plug your USB stick with Ubuntu 18.04LTS installer, and it still loads Grub from your hard drive, you most likely have to change the boot order in the BIOS.
Check how to enter BIOS configuration, possibly hitting F8 or F12 before booting.
That is often posted in a legend on screen.


How can I tell what error grub has when I can't read what it's saying?

I ended up using boot-repair to fix the problem from a live usb. It turns out that the grub install had been corrupted during an upgrade and needed to be reinstalled cleanly.


Baloo is part of the KDE Plasma desktop.  Specifically, it is the file indexing and file search framework for KDE Plasma.  Baloo is not an application, but a daemon to index files. Applications can use the Baloo framework to provide file search results.   You can learn more about Baloo in the KDE Community Wiki.
Yes, you can safely remove or disable Baloo, but if you intend to search using KDE tools, you probably shouldn't.
As mentioned in the comments, it has been verified by OP that file search in Dolphin works after disabling Baloo, but file search in KRunner does not work anymore.
I'm glad that you linked to this question, because while it has a good top/accepted answer, I have issue with the question itself.  The question implies that because the daemon uses background RAM, that the system runs slower, and therefore should be removed.  This can become a slippery slope where one might want to start methodically disabling processes to get the RAM usage lower.
In fact, this is counterproductive because the opposite is usually true: daemons that perform tasks like search indexing and caching can dramatically increase the speed of search results when you call for them.  There's a saying: "Unused RAM is wasted RAM".  Unless your system is starved for RAM, I would not worry about processes using it, and would advise against disabling services for the reason of reducing RAM usage.  The same is also generally true for CPU usage if it's happening in the background and not interfering with other processes.


Google Chrome removes itself from Menu on reboot

you can create new item on menu list. fill Name with >> Chromium Web Browser, fill Command with >> chromium-browser %U

close the Menu Editor, and now Chromium shortcut will appear on your main Menu. ;)


1.Ubuntu Tweak 0.7

Installation

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

2.MyUnity

Installation

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:myunity/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install myunity

3.Gnome Tweak Tool

Installation

 sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

Enjoy!


"TypeError: type str dosen't support the buffer API" while configuring gconf

I got exactly the same problem you should check the default python version your system point to. Some piece of software force me to use python 3.2 so I manually switch python version.

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3.2 /usr/bin/python

Then I ran into the problem you decribe here I switch it back to 2.7 then rerun the configuration steps.

sudo rm /usr/bin/python
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
sudo dpkg --configure gconf2

And it goes flawlessly ...
I hope it'll help.


Things to migrate, if you made any of these changes on original installation.

1) Any users/groups you created.

2) Any files belonging to created users.

3) Any CRON job files living in /var/spool/cron/crontabs

This includes all these files, for the root user + any users you created.

4) All of /etc.

When I take on new hosting clients, I normally clone their entire /etc filesystem into $client-etc, so I have all system config files... including...

Tunings/Configs for Apache + MariaDB/MySQL + PHP.

Also any SSL certs, which likely live in /etc/letsencrypt of other /etc directory.

Here's a good trick.

When you setup your new machines, run LXD + collect all your files for each site or set of related sites inside an LXD container.

This way you can move the entire container between machines + you'll always know you've captured every single file + oddball tuning/config change.


what is pts/0 , :0 and attributes before it + ,? etc

pts/0 is a Pseudo-Terminal Slave (See What does "pts/" in the output of w mean?).
The (:0) tells you which display you're using.
the +,-,? tells you  whether a user/tty is accepting messages. If true, display a + for each user if mesg y, a - if mesg n, or a ? if their tty cannot be stat'ed.

See the mesg man page:

NAME
       mesg - control write access to your terminal

SYNOPSIS
       mesg [y|n]

DESCRIPTION
       Mesg  controls  the  access to your terminal by others.  It's typically
       used to allow or disallow other users to write to  your  terminal  (see
       write(1)).

OPTIONS
       y      Allow write access to your terminal.

       n      Disallow write access to your terminal.

       If no option is given, mesg prints out the current access state of your
       terminal.

Source: who.c


I am looking for a way to read kindle books

You can use the Kindle Cloud Reader for Chrome.


A quick google search turns up the qemu-nbd program, mentioned here. It is part of the qemu-kvm package, so you'll have to install KVM if you aren't using that already. Not sure about any direct GNOME/KDE solutions, if that is what you were looking for. Here is an example for using it:

sudo modprobe nbd
sudo qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd0 --read-only /path/to/image.qcow2
udisksctl mount -b /dev/nbd0p1


Unable to Upgrade to Ubuntu 18.04 From Ubuntu 17.10

Following Velkan suggestion, I performed strace -f do-release-upgrade finding an issue related to language-pack so I fixed it:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall language-pack-en-base
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

Then, reading /var/log/dist-upgrade/main.log, I discovered that there was an issue with Python 2 despite the error log was pointing to Python 3, so I tried:

sudo rm /usr/bin/python
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

Then:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Now, it seems that sudo do-release-upgrade is working fine!


Videos playing in Web brower, play at double speed, how do I stop this?

I'm on a 2009 MacBook Pro 17" and had the same problem, until I found this forum thread.

It says go to a video in a web page, right click on Settings, turn OFF Hardware Acceleration. Reload the page and play. :)


Can I keep /home and /opt when reinstalling 64-bit over 32-bit?

A 64-bit OS is capable of using 32-bit partitions without problems.


Is there a gui for snap? How do you check for updates and upgrades?

There is no GUI. It's not deliberate, but it's also not viewed as neccesary.
Snapd checks for new versions four times each day, and automatically downloads them. The completely-automatic method is a key feature of snaps. If you want snapd to check now, run sudo snap refresh

See https://snapcraft.io/docs/keeping-snaps-up-to-date

While it is possible for you to specify a version of snap to run, it's deliberately not a front-and-center feature for users. Developers generally want everybody to run the same version; it's much easier to support that. If you really want to run a previous version, run sudo snap revert package_name --revision XXXX

Note that it's revision number, not version number. Run snap list to see the current revision (and version) numbers for each of your snaps. Snapd is designed to hold at least one older revision (often two older). Revision numbers increment by 1, so it's easy to determine what older revisions you can try.

See https://snapcraft.io/docs/getting-started


Any SSD cache solution for Ubuntu 15.10?

I did this on debian 8.
sda - 3tb sata. sdb - 256 ssd. Works amazing...

aptitude install thin-provisioning-tools

pvcreate /dev/sdb1
vgextend vg0 /dev/sdb1

lvcreate -n CacheDataLV -l 99%FREE vg0 /dev/sdb1
lvconvert --type cache-pool vg0/CacheDataLV --cachemode writeback
lvconvert --type cache --cachepool vg0/CacheDataLV vg0/root

vi /etc/initramfs-tools/hooks/dmbootscript

#!/bin/sh

PREREQ="lvm2"

prereqs()
{
    echo "$PREREQ"
}

case $1 in
prereqs)
    prereqs
    exit 0
    ;;
esac

if [ ! -x /usr/sbin/cache_check ]; then
    exit 0
fi

. /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hook-functions

copy_exec /usr/sbin/cache_check

manual_add_modules dm_cache dm_cache_mq

and finally:
    chmod +x /etc/initramfs-tools/hooks/dmbootscript
    update-initramfs -u -v -k all

dmsetup status vg0-root
dmsetup ls --tree

For sure I run
update-initramfs -u -v -k all
All the time kernel update.


Software redistribution - package dependencies vs stand-alone

If the target releases have the corresponding Qt version's packages, set them as a required dependency.

I don't want to depend on $RANDOM_DEV to rebuild packages in case the libraries or other third-party components get critical/security bug patches. I'd rather depend on my OS' package maintainers for that. I would also rather not have multiple copies of the library lying around for different apps.

OTOH, snaps include the libraries, and the same problems apply: Do I have to create a new snap package everytime a dependency gets a security update? - but snaps at least have sandboxing.


Can I show the native Ubuntu package version of a program for that a never version is installed from a PPA?

Try the below command,

apt-cache policy package-name

Example 1:

avinash@avinash-Lenovo-IdeaPad-Z500:~$ apt-cache policy firefox
firefox:
  Installed: 24.0+build1-0ubuntu1
  Candidate: 27.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.13.10.1
  Version table:
     27.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.13.10.1 0
        500 http://ubuntu.inode.at/ubuntu/ saucy-updates/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://ubuntu.inode.at/ubuntu/ saucy-security/main amd64 Packages
 *** 24.0+build1-0ubuntu1 0
        500 http://ubuntu.inode.at/ubuntu/ saucy/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

In the above example, the saucy main repository provides only the version  24.0+build1-0ubuntu1 but http://ubuntu.inode.at/ubuntu/ saucy-updates/main amd64 Packages and http://ubuntu.inode.at/ubuntu/ saucy-security/main amd64 Packages provides the latest version(27.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.13.10.1) of firefox.

Example 2:

avinash@avinash-Lenovo-IdeaPad-Z500:~$ apt-cache policy vlc
vlc:
  Installed: 2.0.8+git20140211+r49186+13+8~ubuntu13.10.1
  Candidate: 2.0.8+git20140305+r49188+13+8~ubuntu13.10.1
  Version table:
     2.0.8+git20140305+r49188+13+8~ubuntu13.10.1 0
        500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/videolan/stable-daily/ubuntu/ saucy/main amd64 Packages
 *** 2.0.8+git20140211+r49186+13+8~ubuntu13.10.1 0
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2.0.8-1 0
        500 http://ubuntu.inode.at/ubuntu/ saucy/universe amd64 Packages

In this example both videolan PPA and Universe repository provides the same version of vlc.


How To Create A Startup Script To Run Both Grunt Watch and XAMPP

That could be that the sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start is not put in the background, so your script wait for it to stop before continuing.

Did you try to launch it in the background ? You can do that by adding a & at the end of the line :

#!/bin/bash

sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start &
cd /home/mohammed/Dropbox/htdocs/my-site
grunt watch


Since you are able to login to Gnome Shell using the new user you had created, this implies that the issue is with your existing user, and not a Gnome Shell issue. (Issues with Gnome Shell usually have similar symptoms).
Check if there are any files not owned by you in your home directory.
Login using CtrlAltF3, again, and execute the following:
find $HOME -not -user $USER -exec ls -lad {} \;

Option 1: Fix These File Permissions

For each file or directory NOT owned by you, execute:
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER <file or directory path>

Based on your comment above, you can execute the following commands on the parent directories:
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER ~/.cache
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER ~/dbus

Then, see if you can successfully login to your desktop environment.

Option 2: Remove These Files
I don't think think you should have these files (.cache/dconf, .cache/doc, and dbus) in your home directory at all. I suspect that you ran a graphical program as root. If you have done this, never run any graphical program using sudo. (Insetad, use the admin: parameter; for example nautilus admin:/path/to/directory).
In any case Ubuntu should run fine without the .cache/dconf, .cache/doc, and dbus files or directories.

Try removing these files to a backup location.
sudo mkdir /home/temp
sudo mv ~/.cache/dconf /home/temp
sudo mv ~/.cache/doc /home/temp
sudo mv ~/dbus /home/temp

Then, see if you can successfully login to your desktop environment.

If everything works, delete the backed up files.
sudo rm -rf /home/temp


Home folders accessible to other users and should not be, how to fix?

The default umask is 022, which allows group and others read permissions (and execute, where applicable) (or 002 if User Private Groups are enabled). If you have a problem with that being the default, file a bug. If you want to change the default, edit /etc/login.defs and change

UMASK       022

to

UMASK       077

And then do:

chmod og-rx -R ~


I cannot save or print PDF/PS output when I create a document in Lyx

I finally discovered the answer to this question and for the sake of good housekeeping have answered my own question

I resolved this by installing Document (PostScript, PDF) viewer (GTK+ version) (evence-gtk)


You can use

DISPLAY=:0 notify-send `cat filename.txt`

To display a message on screen. crontab itself doesn't know where to print that file. It has no terminal attached. Also it doesn't know to which DISPLAY to put info, so I put it manually.


How to install LXQt DE in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS?

To install LXQt in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS open your terminal and paste these commands one by one.

   sudo add-apt-repository ppa:lubuntu-dev/lubuntu-daily
   sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gilir/q-project
   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install lxqt-metapackage lxqt-panel openbox

that will install LXQt in your Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.

FYI: Currently there are many bugs. So don't try if having a stable and reliable system is a requirement for you.


You need to disable the screen magnifier in GDM:

sudo -u gdm gconftool-2 /desktop/gnome/applications/at/screen_magnifier_enabled --type bool --set false

Disable the on-screen keyboard:

sudo -u gdm gconftool-2 /desktop/gnome/applications/at/screen_keyboard_enabled --type bool --set false

Source


Help creating a new theme based on Adwaita?

Ubuntu 18.04

I Just tried it by understanding the README file from ~/Downloads/gtk-master/gtk/theme/Adwaita/ from the link you provided.. https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gtk/tree/master/gtk/theme/Adwaita

Have downloaded the source code zip file..

edited some colors (just to try) in the file ~/Downloads/gtk-master/gtk/theme/Adwaita/_colors.scss

Content:

$base_color: if($variant == 'light', #00FF00, lighten(desaturate(#241f31, 100%), 2%));
$text_color: if($variant == 'light', black, white);
$bg_color: if($variant == 'light', #0000FF, darken(desaturate(#3d3846, 100%), 4%));
$fg_color: if($variant == 'light', #2e3436, #eeeeec);

$selected_fg_color: #FF0000;

Saved & Closed
sudo apt install sassc
cd ~/Downloads/gtk-master/gtk/theme/Adwaita
sassc -M -t compact gtk-contained.scss MyCustomized.css
copied this MyCustomized.css file into a newly created theme folder in /usr/share/themes/MyCustomized/gtk-3.0/ and renamed it as gtk.css
copied the assets folder from ~/Downloads/gtk-master/gtk/theme/Adwaita/ to /usr/share/themes/MyCustomized/gtk-3.0/
this MyCustomized theme can be selected from gnome-tweaks

and the result is


Removing the Skype panel icon in 12.04 without removing sni-qt

  If you don't care about sni-qt, removing the icon is as simple as doing apt-get
  remove sni-qt sni-qt:i386
  Installing the Skype-provided deb is not a solution; all the Ubuntu version does is bundle the same Skype deb but make sni-qt a dependency to enable the icon.

A simple conf-file tweak or installing/removing a package isn't going to do it, we need
to get down and dirty here.

sni-qt is provided by these shared libraries:

/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/qt4/plugins/systemtrayicon/libsni-qt.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt4/plugins/systemtrayicon/libsni-qt.so

A guaranteed way to remove the Skype icon while leaving sni-qt available for other
apps to use is to prevent Skype from loading these shared libraries.
That can be done in one of two ways: a civilized way and a brute-force bash-hacker
way.

1. Highly recommended: Use apparmor to prevent Skype from loading sni-qt

AppArmor is a security framework built into the Linux kernel which sets permissions
for what a program can and cannot access. It's enabled by default in Ubuntu.
An example profile for Skype is included in the app-armor profiles; I have modified that ONLY to achieve our goal of disabling the panel icon - other security features have been removed.
You can view the profile pasted here. Lines 24-25 are the bits that matter to us.

  WARNING: This profile DOES NOT provide any other kind of security -- Skype will run normally. Please see here for a more complete Skype AppArmor profile that you can use if you want to secure Skype further.

How to install

To install, exit Skype if it is running and then open a terminal with Ctrl-Alt-T,
and type/paste the below to install the pasted profile into your apparmor profiles
directory. (You can also manually paste it to /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.skype if you wish)

sudo wget -O/etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.skype http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=2EYME5eF
Then type sudo /etc/init.d/apparmor reload to reload all profiles, including the
skype one we just added. Wait for a few seconds...
To check that the profile was enabled, type sudo apparmor_status | egrep "mode|skype"

The result should show something like the below: Skype should be after "enforce mode" but before any of the other modes:

21 profiles are in enforce mode.
/usr/bin/skype
22 profiles are in complain mode.

Start Skype, and the panel icon should hopefully be gone!

How can I add this behavior to my own Skype AppArmor profile?

Just add these lines near the beginning of the profile, right after the includes (they simply prevent Skype from reading/loading the sni-qt libraries)

deny /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/qt4/plugins/systemtrayicon/libsni-qt.so r,
deny /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt4/plugins/systemtrayicon/libsni-qt.so r,

2. Not recommended: an ugly bash hack

I will only give pseudocode to prevent the new from falling into traps, but a simple bash script which does the following is enough to disable the panel icon too:

Remove read permissions from the appropriate libsni-qt.so for the uid (user) skype is running as.
Start Skype, wait a little bit so it's loaded.
(The icon is gone because Skype couldn't load sni-qt.)
Restore permissions to libsni-qt.so.


Ubuntu 14.04 draining battery very quickly

I had this problem, but now I've repaired

Just do not use the battery only Make actuation device charger directly

The only problem is the electricity If goes out will stop the machine


Can't change access permission of additional partition

The following will work for both your Ubuntu and Windows Drives.  Jsut change the partition type in the /etc/fstab depending no the filesystem.

The Samba Server

For Samba you have to change the permissions on the sever and Client .

The server:
/etc/samba/conf

Use the options:

create mask = 775
force create mode = 775
directory mask = 775

Or a variation there of.

You can also force the efective group and user of files and directories being created.

force user = [userID]
force group = [groupID]

The samba client
(https://askubuntu.com/a/726392/29012)

The client connection is via the /etc/fstab:

UUID="[partition uuid]"    /mount/shared_folder    ntfs    nofail,username=usernmae,uid=[1001],file_mode=0660,dir_mode=0775,credentials=/etc/smbpasswd 0 0

Fstab Line Explained:

The UUID - UUID of the partition.  Using the UUID will is added surety of the resource being the same.  In case other drives are mounted and the mounted order changes.
The Credentials - This provides for username and password to be hidden in a protected file, /etc/smbpasswd.


Solution 1

OK, this could be your answer,

After logging in to Ubuntu, Click on the System Settings icon on the Launch Bar and Click on the Software and Updates icon.

Wait for that window to appear, it will look something like this:

Select the latest driver that you want to use. as you can see I chose the 313-updates (proprietary) driver, whilst yours is probably set to Using X.Org X server - Nouveau display driver. Click on the Apply Changes button and wait for the drivers to be installed or activated, then click close.

Next, start Terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T and type in the following command:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings-313-updates

When that completes, enter the following command:

nvidia-settings

This will bring up the NVIDIA settings tool

Hope this helps.

Solution 2

I have found this solution which may help:

When you reboot your computer, as it is booting press esc to stop it for a while, and then press F6 to turn on nomodoset.

I have no idea what this does, bit has worked for some Asus machines

Solution 3

As this problem started after an update, you may have to do the following: (see here)

Regression bugs that freeze the system reliably are ironically the most productive to solve.

If you updated your system and it started to freeze, start reverting package updates backwards until the freezes stop occurring.

1). try is booting an earlier kernel.
    a). Hold down the left shift key during boot, so that the grub bootloader
        menu comes up.
    b). Look through the set of available kernels for one you used prior to the update;
    c). boot that and attempt to reproduce the freeze.

If it does not freeze, then you now have a "Good" and "Bad" kernel and can proceed with a kernel bisection search to isolate what patch caused the failure.

(Yes, compiling kernels sounds intimidating and time consuming, but stick with it - the process is well documented and it has a very high likelihood of narrowing it to a specific cause!)


Intel GMA X3100 external monitor resolution issue

I fixed (1).

I  suspected the modeline numbers I've been entering in xrandr are inaccurate, so I downloaded SwitchResX for OS X, which has an option to export modelines. So I got the modeline for the 1280 x 1024 mode I use in OS X, put it into xrandr in Ubuntu and now the screen isn't offset anymore!

Now I just need to know how to make this change permanent.


display custom message on failed ssh server login

The SSH protocol includes the functionality to send messages, but OpenSSH doesn't have a way to send a custom message only for a failed login.

See this related question for more details.


Probably AES256 (as I could figure out from https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedHome)


How do you reposition and move X windows across 2 different computers?

You can use xpra . The [xpra manpage] is very well documented.

Run this command to install xpra.

sudo apt-get install xpra

The link to the FAQ on xpra: http://xpra.org/faq.html


Yes, but not without possible issues.

See this link from HP and from which the earliest version of HPLIP to use.

As this is an old printer using only parallel printer interface you may have to follow some old threads to get it to work see this earlier Ask Ubuntu thread here.

One of the first things to do is check that the OS can see your parallel printer port by following these instructions:

Parallel port printer

Make sure that the printer is connected to your system and powered on.

Open a terminal/console and check if the lp, ppdev, and parport_pc kernel modules are loaded:

lsmod | grep lp
lsmod | grep ppdev
lsmod | grep parport_pc

Check if the kernel detected the parallel port during bootup:

dmesg | grep par

Check if the device files of the parallel port(s) are created and have the correct permissions and ownerships:
    ls -l /dev/lp* /dev/parport*

Check if the printer auto-detection result appears in the kernel's virtual file system:

ls -l /proc/sys/dev/parport/parport*/autoprobe*
sudo cat /proc/sys/dev/parport/parport*/autoprobe*

Find out if your printer gets detected by CUPS:

lpinfo -v

Run the parallel port CUPS backend separately, once with standard user privileges and once as root:
    $ /usr/lib/cups/backend/parallel
    $ sudo /usr/lib/cups/backend/parallel
    Attach the output of the above commands to the bug report.

Note that problems can be caused not only by CUPS, but also by the kernel (package "linux"), HPLIP (package "hplip"), and several third-party printer drivers.


How can I get Subliminal to work and then integrate it with a file manager?

I'm the maintainer of subliminal.

Latest version of subliminal (1.0.1 as I'm writing this) brings a lot of fixes and a brand new command line interface that is much easier to work with and nicer to look.

There is a soon-to-be-released example that integrates subliminal with the Nautilus file manager to add a right click context menu. Screenshot and install instructions are here. It features an automatic download menu, a configuration interface and a manual download interface so you're never stuck with the wrong subtitle.

Don't hesitate to open issues on the bug tracker.

Hope this helps.


Can't install apps using sudo apt-get install: unable to lock the administration directory

This may break things if used carelessly. Try the answers on this question first: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/) is another process using it?

Did you have a problem while you were installing something previously? Your computer may've crashed while apt, apt-get or aptitude was doing some updates and so it left the lock file in the disk.

Try this:

sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock_backup

Then try to install apache again:

sudo apt-get install apache2

If everything works fine, just delete the backup file:

sudo rm -vf /var/lib/dpkg/lock_backup