What is the "Templates" folder in the home directory for?

If you drop any files in this folder, for example

then when you right-click and create a new document, you can select any of these files as a basis for the new file - i.e. a template.

For as long as I remember, this has always been a standard feature on many desktops such as Gnome.

If you have deleted the folder and need to restore this functionality:

gedit ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

Check that there is a line containing the following - if not, add this line.

XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"


Problem connecting to wirless internet - computer will not boot with networking unless ethernet cable is connected

I'm facing the same problem and haven't got to a full solution yet, but I have a workaround:

Let computer boot without network configuration, then after you log in, run terminal and run the following command: sudo service network-manager restart

If I find a permanent solution, I'll post it here. Hope it helps.

I finally got to a solution:

Edit file /etc/network/interfaces
Example:

$ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

Remove all network interfaces, except the loopback interface
In the end your file may look like this:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

It worked for me.  I hope it helps.


How to backup all files and applications for clean install ubuntu 20.04

Pinguybuilder is a tool that can create a iso image out of the running system (containing all its files, applications and configurations) which then can be used to re-install the system in the state it was when the image was created.
There are different packages at the link above, the one that worked for me in Kubuntu 20.04 was pinguybuilder-menu-based_5.2-1_all.deb which lacks a GUI in the proper sense (unlike in the tutorials I see on the net that all involve a GUI). After installation it shows a group of launchers, each with a different purpose. One of them automatically creates a iso image out of the running system.
The image is saved in /home/PinguyBuilder/.


Can you automatically mount a partition when a program needs it?

I use the same thing, too, like this:

Exec=sh -c "udisksctl mount --block-device /dev/sda2; calibre %f"

The udisksctl command does the same as if you would click on the drive in Nautilus, so it gets mounted to the standard position as your user. This way it doesn't require some sudo/root password and you are permitted to unmount it later, e.g. from Nautilus. Best way for me.


Gedit has a transparent background since upgrade to 16.10

I had the same problem. After much digging, I found that the file $HOME/.xinputrc was the cause. I just deleted this file with:

rm ~/.xinputrc

The contents of the file are:

# im-config(8) generated on Tue, 18 Aug 2015 16:56:49 -0700
run_im ibus
im-config signature: fef625e6f3691095fd8f4a2f315e85f7  -

After deleting the above file you will need to logout and log back in for changes to take effect (or just reboot).


I have try different optiuons with whiptail, and seems the only solution is to execute it for every percent. Ctrl-C is working.
Changing TERM is needed to make it work in gnome-terminal, same for xterm(tested it), and probably other terminals
Tested in text console(tty) - it already have TERM=linux
whiptail restores terminal text to same as before execution, but TERM=linux blocks this feature.

#!/usr/bin/env bash

for i in {1..100}; do
   sleep 0.1
   export TERM=linux
   echo $i | whiptail --gauge "Doing something" 10 50 $i
done

If you need to output some progress information, its better to do it inside whiptail text parameters


You can actually use the dd command to write to the drive while it is unmounted, and should not be writing to its mounted location (/mnt/pd in your example) if you want to make a bootable USB.

So assuming that your pendrive shows on your system as /dev/sdb the command would be:

dd if=archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdb

Be sure to use /dev/sdb not /dev/sdb1, or it will not be bootable.

It would also be worth checking whether there is some sort of physical write protection on the drive, like a read-only switch on the side.

As always be very careful with the dd command, it hasn't earned the nickname 'disk destroyer' for no reason!


How to change file ownership when chown says "invalid user: ‘–R'"?

You must have copied the command from a webpage that uses strange formatting. That's not a normal minus, try this instead:

sudo chown -R hduser:hadoop mongodbdata

Specifically, the one I copied from your question is an en dash (U+2013):

$ unicode -s  –
U+2013 EN DASH
UTF-8: e2 80 93  UTF-16BE: 2013  Decimal: &#8211;
–
Category: Pd (Punctuation, Dash)
Bidi: ON (Other Neutrals)


I have acpid (note the "D" - ACPI Daemon, not ACPI tools; those are completely different packages!) installed just for the power button - I fear that after no response, a less-knowledgeable user might go for the ATX hard power off, which cannot be handled programatically.

Yes, it's a server, yes, I know what shutdown is for; however, I have no idea who will be managing the server in two years.


Infiniband for Ubuntu 12.04? Recommendations? Comments?

Setting up InfiniBand on 12.04 should be smooth (except for one minor thing, see below).  Most of the horror stories you read are about people that download OFED packages and mess up their systems running some random installer script that stomps all over their system and installs new kernel packages.  Don't do that -- just use what's already packaged in Ubuntu!

For IB hardware, really the only choice is Mellanox.  You might as well get the latest ConnectX-3 hardware if you are buying new; otherwise you can get some very cheap hardware on Ebay.

Because of older package versions in 12.04 (launchpad bug: ConnectX-3 not supported until 12.10) you'll want to use my PPA to get up-to-date libibverbs/libmlx4 packages if you are using ConnectX-3 adapters (the latest).  Other than that, 12.04 should work pretty smoothly.


PHP Fatal error: Call to undefined function mysql_connect()

How do I resolve unmet dependencies after adding a PPA?. The answer here may help.  Especially the section about sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade


How to monitor power consumption on Ubuntu Server 16.04

You can try Powerstat.
It is available at ppa:colin-king/powermanagement


How to remove special 'M-BM-' character with sed

The M-BM- characters are an ASCII representation of byte sequence 0xc2 0xa0, which is the UTF8 encoding of unicode character A0 - a non-breaking space character. This character can be inserted in both LibreOffice and Microsoft Word documents using the key sequence Ctrl+Shift+SPACE.

For example if we create a new .odt document in LibreOffice and type ABCCtrl+Shift+SPACEDEF, then Save As... Text (ignoring the warning that the document may contain features that cannot be saved in that format), then view the resulting .txt file with cat:

$ cat nbsp.txt
ABC DEF

and then again with the -v switch to show non-printing characters

$ cat -v nbsp.txt
M-oM-;M-?ABCM-BM- DEF

Note that we also get an initial sequence M-oM-;M-? or hexadecimal 0xef 0xbb 0xbf which is the UTF8 byte order mark (BOM) consistent with the file type reported by the file command i.e.

$ file nbsp.txt
nbsp.txt: UTF-8 Unicode (with BOM) text

Using od to print the hexadecimal values in byte order we see

$ od -tx1 nbsp.txt
0000000 ef bb bf 41 42 43 c2 a0 44 45 46 0a
0000014

It is possible to manipulate these characters using standard tools like sed or tr by specifying the hex codes as escape sequences e.g. to replace the non-breaking space with a plain ASCII space

$ sed 's/\xc2\xa0/ /g' nbsp.txt
ABC DEF

Checking again with od confirms the replacement by an ordinary ASCII space 0x20 (decimal 32)

$ sed 's/\xc2\xa0/ /g' nbsp.txt | od -tx1
0000000 ef bb bf 41 42 43 20 44 45 46 0a
0000013

In gnome-terminal (and maybe other UTF8-aware terminal emulators), it's also possible to enter the unicode code point value directly using the key sequence Ctrl+Shift+u followed by a hexidecimal value then the Enter key - the sequence shows up initially as u̲.̲.̲.̲ but then the character should compose when you hit Enter e.g. for the same non-breaking space replacement we can do

$ sed 's/Ctrl+Shift+ua0

which displays as

$ sed 's/̲/̲u̲a̲0̲

and then completes as

$ sed 's/ / /g' nbsp.txt
ABC DEF

Using cat -v we can confirm the M-BM- sequence has become an ordinary space

$ sed 's/ / /g' nbsp.txt | cat -v
M-oM-;M-?ABC DEF

You may want to look at more generic encoding converters such as iconv and uconv as well.


Permission denied: how to find the cause

The "exec" option must be used to execute commands on a mounted disk volume.


Failure to restart the OS through Python program which is running through services

The shutdown command requires elevated privileges.

Imagine, in a multi user environment, which a Linux system is, every logged in user could shutdown or reboot the machine - this would be fatal.

So, basically you need to get elevated privileges.

This question has been answered many times. Here is a good thread:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25215604/use-sudo-without-password-inside-a-script


No, this is not possible through netplan.  You could conceivably generate your netplan yaml from a script that you run elsewhere, to expand your range into the list of addresses required by netplan instead of having to maintain this list manually.  But netplan does not itself have the concept of assigning a range of IP addresses to an interface (nor do I think we would likely add such a feature, as I don't believe this is a common configuration).


How to view designated Ubuntu file partition after installing Ubuntu?

Your Ubuntu partitions are mount at start. That's why they are not shown as separate "disks" in file manager.

You can see all these system files and directories if you click on "Computer" in your file manager.

In most cases you do not need to do anything with system files.

All your files are in your home folder.


To restore Compiz to default settings, try typing this into the terminal you have open:

gconftool-2 --recursive-unset /apps/compiz-1

To reset Unity to it's default settings, type:

unity --reset

How do I reset my Unity configuration?


Password Change causing Authentication Problem

By removing that password, you removed yourself from the group of users that can perform administrative stuff.

In order to re-enable it, access as root from GRUB (Recovery mode), then remount the disk with write privilege

mount -o remount,rw /

then setup your new password

sudo passwd USERNAME

NB: USERNAME is your user's name, usually all with lowercase, no spaces and so on...


Kubuntu resolution stuck at (800x600) in VirtualBox

Did you try to install the VirtualBox's Guest Additions CD image? This can resolve your problem I think.

If you didn't install it, follow this procedure:

Run your VM.
Then go to the Virtual Box's menu and under Devices select Insert Guest additions Cd Image.
Once the Image is inserted, go to /media/<your_user>/VBox_GAs_6.0.14/ and run the script VBoxLinuxAdditions.run with root privileges (sudo).

After the script execution your VM will (normally) adapt the resolution automatically.


Phpunit stop working after upgrade to 11.04

as seen in SO, this worked for me:

sudo pear channel-discover pear.symfony-project.com
sudo pear channel-discover components.ez.no
sudo pear install --alldeps phpunit/PHPUnit


How to install adobe reader .bin download from Adobe

If you downloaded Adobe-Reader from the Adobe website and wish to install it see below.

Installing Adobe Reader .bin

First open your Downloads folder, then right click on the AdbeRdr9.5.1-1_i486linux_enu.bin and select Properties.  Under the permissions tab tick / select Allow Executing File As A Program.

Next open a terminal and change to your Downloads folder:

cd Downloads

Then install Adobe Reader using :

sudo ./AdbeRdr9.5.1-1_i486linux_enu.bin

Enter your password when prompted and wait for it to Install.

When prompted for the installation directory, press enter to accept the default.

Adobe Reader can then be started from the Dash, Desktop shortcut or by right clicking a .pdf file.

If running Ubuntu 64-bit, it may be necessary to install the 32-bit libraries.

 apt-get install ia32-libs


A problem merge subtitle vtt with video using youtube-dl

1. The Problem:

The problem can be seen in your debug. You have the latest youtube-dl:

[debug] youtube-dl version 2016.08.24.1

which is great but your degug log shows that you have both avconv and ffmpeg installed:

[debug] exe versions: avconv v12_dev0-3134-g6755eb5, avprobe v12_dev0-3134-g6755eb5,
ffmpeg 3.1.2-1, ffprobe 3.1.2-1, rtmpdump 2.4

Note that if both are installed then avconv will be used as default:

--prefer-avconv           Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for running the postprocessors (default)
--prefer-ffmpeg           Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for running the postprocessors

2. The Solution:

Testing on my own system indicates that if you use ffmpeg rather than avconv your download and conversion works flawlessly, so you have 2 choices for a solution:

Add --prefer-ffmpeg to your command line for a one-off command
Add --prefer-ffmpeg to the file ~/.config/youtube-dl.conf for a more permanent result. You may have to create this file initially by running the command: touch ~/.config/youtube-dl.conf

Works very nicely on my system...


Using Rename program to delete last characters before file extension

mmv is good for this kind of transformation ex.
$ mmv -n '*_*-*.mkv' '#1_#2.mkv'
13354443_Walkinthepark-ASGDFSGDG.mkv -> 13354443_Walkinthepark.mkv

or
$ mmv -n '*_*-*.mkv' '#2.mkv'
13354443_Walkinthepark-ASGDFSGDG.mkv -> Walkinthepark.mkv

To do a similar thing with the Perl-based rename command:
$ rename -n 's/^(.*?)_(.*?)-(.*?)\.(.*)$/$1_$2.$4/' *.mkv
rename(13354443_Walkinthepark-ASGDFSGDG.mkv, 13354443_Walkinthepark.mkv)

Or you can use basic shell processing:
$ for f in *_*-*.mkv; do echo mv "$f" "${f%-*}.mkv"; done
mv 13354443_Walkinthepark-ASGDFSGDG.mkv 13354443_Walkinthepark.mkv


Juniper VPN (Pulse client) support in Ubuntu 16.04

Works for 18.04, and according to:
https://ngkengwooi.wordpress.com/2017/05/28/connect-to-pulsejuniper-vpn-with-openconnect-on-ubuntu/ on 17.04 as well, but not tested on 16.04.
Notice that link has spelling errors in a command (It's nm-connection-editor and not nm-connections-editor)

Run sudo apt-get install network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome
sudo systemctl restart network-manager
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
nm-connection-editor

Then just insert the credentials.


I could be a little off-base on some of this, so an adjustment based on information from upstream maintainers of the various projects could be in order.  But this is what I think I've observed:

When SPICE is used with virt-manager, it requires XKB extension in the X server.  If not, virt-manager complains bitterly when run with --debug switch. (You get errors like (virt-manager:121855): vnc-keymap-WARNING **: Unknown keycode mapping '(null)'.).
Both tightvncserver and vnc4server X servers in the Ubuntu 16.04 repos are really old and not maintained - I think they are nearly abandoned.  They don't support XKB: setxkbmap -query reports that the extension isn't there.

Therefore, I conclude that virt-manager isn't compatible with the above VNC servers, at least in its current incarnation.  Fortunately, TightVNC appears to support XKB and seems to work (as evidenced by setxkbmap -query).  But it's not in any official Ubuntu repository.  You can get the .deb files from here: https://bintray.com/tigervnc/stable/tigervnc/1.6.0#files

As of 2016-05-30 they don't have a released version supporting Ubuntu 16.04.  But you can find some nightly built packages that support it - they worked for me.

If you still have trouble, try installing x11-xkb-utils package also.  I had to install this to get X2Go Server working with virt-manager; until then, I was having similar problems.

Once you have TigerVNC installed and set to your default Xvnc server, xrdp should seamlessly use it without any special configuration.


Can't enter ubuntu 12.04 after installing windows on a separate

You must repair the grub (windows has corrupted it). You can easy do this with de boot-repair disc.  Boot with this disc, and let repair the system automatically.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair .  Good luck


I guess the @steeldriver's solution is a better choice however here is my alternative solution, you can use a combinations of commands to find exactly two (or more) longest file names.

find . | awk 'function base(f){sub(".*/", "", f); return f;} \
{print length(base($0)), $0}'| sort -nr | head -2

the output would be like:

length ./path/to/file

Here a real example:

42 ./path/to/this-file-got-42-character-right-here.txt
31 ./path/to/this-file-got-31-character.txt

Notes

find gives us a list of all files within that directory like:

./path/to/this-file-got-31-character.txt

using awk we add file length to start of each line (it's exactly the file length not the path's):

31 ./path/to/this-file-got-31-character.txt

finally we sort it based on file length and get the first two line using head.


How do I fix "Unknown error executing gpgv" when doing sudo apt-get update?

I have two solutions:

Solution #1 (Recommended ):

Just open a terminal and run the following commands:

sudo apt-get clean

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/*

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/*

sudo apt-get clean

sudo apt-get update

Done! When running those sudo rm ... commands, don't worry about errors or warnings.
Solution #2:

First remove all ppa repositories in Update Manager -> Settings -> Other Software;
sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo touch /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update
Now add all your ppa repos back again.
sudo apt-get update

Done!


Standalone of Compiz and Google Chrome with borders

What he is doing is using compiz in standalone mode and then launching chrome.

I found some directions on how to do it and have been playing around with it for a bit.

What I did is this:

First, install the following packages

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugins-extra

Then, make a file at

/usr/share/xsessions/compiz-session.desktop

And fill it with this:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Compiz
Comment=This session logs you into Compiz standalone
Exec=/usr/local/bin/compiz-session
Type=Application

After that, you'll want to make another file at

/usr/local/bin/compiz-session

and put this in it:

#!/bin/bash
if test -z "$DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS"; then
eval `dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session`
fi
compiz ccp & wmpid=$!
sleep 1
if [ -f ~/.compiz-session ]; then
source ~/.compiz-session &
else
xterm &
fi
# Wait for WM
wait $wmpid

Set that file to the right permission:

sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/compiz-session

Note that the script above references a file ~/.compiz-session. That's going to contain a shell script with what you want to run when the session starts.

I set mine up like this:

#!/bin/bash
gnome-settings-daemon &
nm-applet &
bluetooth-applet &
gnome-terminal &

When you start compiz this way, there aren't going to be any settings enabled because you're not using Unity. In order to set that up, I used the terminal to start compiz's settings manager with the following command:

ccsm &

Then you should enable whatever settings you want. I enabled the wallpaper plugin, the window decoration plugin (to give windows their borders), the switcher plugin (so I can change windows) and various others that I wanted. Sometimes enabling or disabling a plugin will crash you to the login manager. If this happens, just log in again, your changes will be saved.

After you've set up compiz so window decoration works and you have some way of changing windows, you can change your .compiz-session file's last line from:

gnome-terminal &

to:

google-chrome-stable &

That will start Chrome when you log in.

You can press ctrl+alt+printscreen+k to log out.

I followed the directions at webupd8.org and modified it a bit to do what you wanted it to do.

Enjoy!


In order to execute the Sun-applets flawlessly you need to install Oracles (Sun) Java engine.

Duinsoft in the Netherlands have done an excellent job of automating install and udates, by entering a few things in the Aptitude packet manager.
Here is the How to and pacakeges:
http://www.duinsoft.nl/packages.php

Unfortunately IceTea java dosnt work with all java-sites!

Good luck.


How to have the ANT video downloader extension work on newest ubuntu+firefox

As mentioned on their website, the current version extension (3.x for FF57 and later) only supports Windows (the reason for the .msi file). A Linux release is planned but not yet.

To use on Linux, you need to use the old extension version 2.x and FF56 or lower. I use FF52esr to keep up on security updates.

Some additional explanation is here - ABOUT THE NEW ANT VIDEO DOWNLOADER 3.0 .

Previous versions of the extension are here: Ant Video Downloader Version History.


crontab every hour into text with format name

The crontab is the table of cron-jobs, that are executed by the cron daemon, a process that schedules jobs at the times you give it (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron).

In order to write something into a file, you'll have to run crontab -e in order to edit the crontab (see also How do I set up a Cron job?).

In order to write to into a file, which contains the date as name, you'll have to use the date command. For example, date +"%Y%d%m" prints what one would call YYYYMMDD. You can get the details of the date format in man date.

All in all, you'll have to write something like

* * * * * echo "Test" > "/home/myuser/content_"$(date +"\%Y\%d\%m")".txt"

to write every minute "Test" into the file of its current date (EDIT: like suggested by steeldriver, you have to escape the %, instead it will be interpreted as newline by cron). You should have a eye on the fact that this is executed as your user, so you should write in a directory where you have rights to write.


Mediatomb segmentation fault on start watching video

I was able to correct this exact same issue in Linux Mint 13 (based on Ubuntu 12.04) by doing the following. Have you tried this?

Move config and database files from the ~.mediatomb directory:

sudo mv /home/<user>/.mediatomb/config.xml /home/<user>/Desktop
sudo mv /home/<user>/.mediatomb/mediatomb.db /home/<user>/Desktop
sudo mv /home/<user>/.mediatomb/mediatomb.db-journal /home/<user>/Desktop

Then I started Mediatomb and let it recreate a default config and database file. I added a directory via the web interface and it started working again. So I shut it down and copied relevant info from my old config to the new one (I specify which directories to import/watch in the config file instead of the web interface - so I copied that over) and so far so good. There were a few differences between the new and old config files, so I assume there was a discrepancy in there somewhere. Here's my new (working) config file in case it will help you:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<config version="2" xmlns="http://mediatomb.cc/config/2" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://mediatomb.cc/config/2 http://mediatomb.cc/config/2.xsd">
  <!--
     Read /usr/share/doc/mediatomb-common/README.gz section 6 for more
     information on creating and using config.xml configration files.
    -->
  <server>
    <ui enabled="yes" show-tooltips="yes">
      <accounts enabled="no" session-timeout="30">
        <account user="mediatomb" password="mediatomb"/>
      </accounts>
    </ui>
    <name>media@Mintop</name>
    <udn>uuid:c0bc3ac1-d8aa-45b4-9520-d503cc1a92e2</udn>
    <home>/home/mike/.mediatomb</home>
    <webroot>/usr/share/mediatomb/web</webroot>
    <storage>
      <sqlite3 enabled="yes">
        <database-file>mediatomb.db</database-file>
      </sqlite3>
      <mysql enabled="no">
        <host>localhost</host>
        <username>mediatomb</username>
        <database>mediatomb</database>
      </mysql>
    </storage>
    <protocolInfo extend="no"/><!-- For PS3 support change to "yes" -->
    <!--
       Uncomment the lines below to get rid of jerky avi playback on the
       DSM320 or to enable subtitles support on the DSM units
    -->
    <!--
    <custom-http-headers>
      <add header="X-User-Agent: redsonic"/>
    </custom-http-headers>

    <manufacturerURL>redsonic.com</manufacturerURL>
    <modelNumber>105</modelNumber>
    -->
    <!-- Uncomment the line below if you have a Telegent TG100 -->
    <!--
       <upnp-string-limit>101</upnp-string-limit>
    -->
    <extended-runtime-options>
      <ffmpegthumbnailer enabled="yes">
        <thumbnail-size>128</thumbnail-size>
        <seek-percentage>5</seek-percentage>
        <filmstrip-overlay>yes</filmstrip-overlay>
        <workaround-bugs>no</workaround-bugs>
        <image-quality>8</image-quality>
      </ffmpegthumbnailer>
      <mark-played-items enabled="yes" suppress-cds-updates="yes">
        <string mode="prepend">*</string>
        <mark>
          <content>video</content>
        </mark>
      </mark-played-items>
    </extended-runtime-options>
  </server>
  <import hidden-files="no">
   <filesystem-charset>UTF-8</filesystem-charset>
    <metadata-charset>UTF-8</metadata-charset>
    <autoscan use-inotify="yes">
      <directory location="/media/Gurt/1_TV" mode="inotify" recursive="yes" hidden-files="no"/>
      <directory location="/media/Gurt/2_Film" mode="inotify" recursive="yes" hidden-files="no"/>
      <directory location="/media/Gurt/7_Downloads" mode="inotify" recursive="yes" hidden-files="no"/>
      <directory location="/media/Gurt/4_Exercise" mode="inotify" recursive="yes" hidden-files="no"/>
      <directory location="/media/Gurt/3_Music" mode="inotify" recursive="yes" hidden-files="no"/>
    </autoscan>
    <scripting script-charset="UTF-8">
      <virtual-layout type="disabled"/>
    </scripting>
    <mappings>
      <extension-mimetype ignore-unknown="no">
        <map from="mp3" to="audio/mpeg"/>
        <map from="ogx" to="application/ogg"/>
        <map from="ogv" to="video/ogg"/>
        <map from="oga" to="audio/ogg"/>
        <map from="ogg" to="audio/ogg"/>
        <map from="ogm" to="video/ogg"/>
        <map from="asf" to="video/x-ms-asf"/>
        <map from="asx" to="video/x-ms-asf"/>
        <map from="wma" to="audio/x-ms-wma"/>
        <map from="wax" to="audio/x-ms-wax"/>
        <map from="wmv" to="video/x-ms-wmv"/>
        <map from="wvx" to="video/x-ms-wvx"/>
        <map from="wm" to="video/x-ms-wm"/>
        <map from="wmx" to="video/x-ms-wmx"/>
        <map from="m3u" to="audio/x-mpegurl"/>
        <map from="pls" to="audio/x-scpls"/>
        <map from="flv" to="video/x-flv"/>
        <map from="mkv" to="video/x-matroska"/>
        <map from="mka" to="audio/x-matroska"/>
        <!-- Uncomment the line below for PS3 divx support -->
        <!-- <map from="avi" to="video/divx"/> -->
        <!-- Uncomment the line below for D-Link DSM / ZyXEL DMA-1000 -->
        <!-- <map from="avi" to="video/avi"/> -->
      </extension-mimetype>
      <mimetype-upnpclass>
        <map from="audio/*" to="object.item.audioItem.musicTrack"/>
        <map from="video/*" to="object.item.videoItem"/>
        <map from="image/*" to="object.item.imageItem"/>
        <map from="application/ogg" to="object.item.audioItem.musicTrack"/>
      </mimetype-upnpclass>
      <mimetype-contenttype>
        <treat mimetype="audio/mpeg" as="mp3"/>
        <treat mimetype="application/ogg" as="ogg"/>
        <treat mimetype="audio/x-flac" as="flac"/>
        <treat mimetype="image/jpeg" as="jpg"/>
        <treat mimetype="audio/x-mpegurl" as="playlist"/>
        <treat mimetype="audio/x-scpls" as="playlist"/>
        <treat mimetype="audio/x-wav" as="pcm"/>
        <treat mimetype="audio/L16" as="pcm"/>
        <treat mimetype="video/x-msvideo" as="avi"/>
        <treat mimetype="video/mp4" as="mp4"/>
        <treat mimetype="audio/mp4" as="mp4"/>
        <treat mimetype="application/x-iso9660" as="dvd"/>
        <treat mimetype="application/x-iso9660-image" as="dvd"/>
        <treat mimetype="video/x-matroska" as="mkv"/>
        <treat mimetype="audio/x-matroska" as="mka"/>
      </mimetype-contenttype>
    </mappings>
    <online-content>
      <YouTube enabled="no" refresh="28800" update-at-start="no" purge-after="604800" racy-content="exclude" format="mp4" hd="no">
        <favorites user="mediatomb"/>
        <standardfeed feed="most_viewed" time-range="today"/>
        <playlists user="mediatomb"/>
        <uploads user="mediatomb"/>
        <standardfeed feed="recently_featured" time-range="today"/>
      </YouTube>
    </online-content>
  </import>
  <transcoding enabled="no">
    <mimetype-profile-mappings>
      <transcode mimetype="video/x-flv" using="vlcmpeg"/>
      <transcode mimetype="application/ogg" using="vlcmpeg"/>
      <transcode mimetype="application/ogg" using="oggflac2raw"/>
      <transcode mimetype="audio/x-flac" using="oggflac2raw"/>
    </mimetype-profile-mappings>
    <profiles>
      <profile name="oggflac2raw" enabled="no" type="external">
        <mimetype>audio/L16</mimetype>
        <accept-url>no</accept-url>
        <first-resource>yes</first-resource>
        <accept-ogg-theora>no</accept-ogg-theora>
        <agent command="ogg123" arguments="-d raw -o byteorder:big -f %out %in"/>
        <buffer size="1048576" chunk-size="131072" fill-size="262144"/>
      </profile>
      <profile name="vlcmpeg" enabled="no" type="external">
        <mimetype>video/mpeg</mimetype>
        <accept-url>yes</accept-url>
        <first-resource>yes</first-resource>
        <accept-ogg-theora>yes</accept-ogg-theora>
        <agent command="vlc" arguments="-I dummy %in --sout #transcode{venc=ffmpeg,vcodec=mp2v,vb=4096,fps=25,aenc=ffmpeg,acodec=mpga,ab=192,samplerate=44100,channels=2}:standard{access=file,mux=ps,dst=%out} vlc:quit"/>
        <buffer size="14400000" chunk-size="512000" fill-size="120000"/>
      </profile>
    </profiles>
  </transcoding>
</config>


Ubuntu One webinterface to manage contacts

It's an intermittent problem we're chasing down, we hope to get it fixed soon. You should be able to reload the page, wait until everything has downloaded, and then add more information without problems.

If not, let me know.


How to remove Contact Print Theme Editor, Contact Print Editor, Kmail Header Theme Editor etc?

The .desktop files corresponding to contactprintthemeeditor, contactthemeeditor (not contactprinteditor which isn't on my system) and headerthemeeditor are:

/usr/share/applications/org.kde.contactprintthemeeditor.desktop
/usr/share/applications/org.kde.contactthemeeditor.desktop
/usr/share/applications/org.kde.headerthemeeditor.desktop

Copy these .desktop files over to ~/.local/share/applications and edit them to add a line containing NoDisplay=true. That will prevent these items from appearing in your menus. The same approach maybe used to hide anything else you don't want to see.

Modifying the version in ~/.local/share/applications will ensure the change you make survives a software update.

As to the origins of these items,

locate contactprintthemeeditor contactthemeeditor headerthemeeditor | grep -E "\/usr\/bin"

gives me

/usr/bin/contactprintthemeeditor
/usr/bin/contactthemeeditor
/usr/bin/headerthemeeditor

Running dpkg -S for each of them gives

$ dpkg -S /usr/bin/contactprintthemeeditor
kdepim-themeeditors: /usr/bin/contactprintthemeeditor
$ dpkg -S /usr/bin/contactthemeeditor
kdepim-themeeditors: /usr/bin/contactthemeeditor
$ dpkg -S /usr/bin/headerthemeeditor
kdepim-themeeditors: /usr/bin/headerthemeeditor
$

And one can get more information on KDE PIM here. From there:

  KDE PIM is part of KDE. Its goal is to provide a suite of applications to manage personal information. This includes mail, calendar, contacts and more. The main result is Kontact, our personal information manager.

Looking at a partial output of apt depends kontact shows entries relating to kdepim and to grantlee (which provides the theme aspects):

$ apt depends kontact
kontact
  Depends: kdepim-runtime
  Depends: kio
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14)
  Depends: libgcc1 (>= 1:3.0)
  Depends: libkf5completion5 (>= 4.97.0)
  Depends: libkf5configcore5 (>= 4.98.0)
  Depends: libkf5configgui5 (>= 4.97.0)
  Depends: libkf5configwidgets5 (>= 5.23.0)
  Depends: libkf5coreaddons5 (>= 5.2.0)
  Depends: libkf5crash5 (>= 5.15.0)
  Depends: libkf5grantleetheme-plugins
  Depends: libkf5grantleetheme5 (>= 16.08.0)
  Depends: libkf5i18n5 (>= 4.97.0)
  Depends: libkf5iconthemes5 (>= 4.96.0)
  Depends: libkf5kcmutils5 (>= 5.0.0)
  Depends: libkf5kdepimdbusinterfaces5 (>= 4:15.12)
  Depends: libkf5kiowidgets5 (>= 4.96.0)
  Depends: libkf5kontactinterface5 (>= 15.08.0)
  Depends: libkf5libkdepim-plugins
  Depends: libkf5libkdepim5abi2 (>= 4:17.
  .
  .
  .

So it's probable that purging kontact from your system will directly rid you of the various items you've mentioned and certainly clean up your menu!

If not, try:

sudo apt remove kdepim-themeeditors

By the way, at this time, KDE Neon's manifest doesn't include kontact.


File permissions USB hard drive Ubuntu 12.04

It is formatted as NTFS

NTFS is a Windows' filesystem and doesn't support Unix permissions. Mounting is translating NTFS permissions into Unix.

Short answer -- if you want to do this, back up data, reboot into recovery, unmount /home, format the external as ext4, mount /home, and replace the directories, changing permissions on each user folder recursively, as follows:

sudo chown USER:USER -R /home/USER
sudo chmod o-rwx -R /home/USER


No, apt-get clean will not harm your system. The .deb packages in /var/cache/apt/archives are used by the system to install software. But once the software is installed, these .deb packages are no longer needed. You will need these .deb files only while re-installing the software. In case you do not need to re-install, remove these .deb files using apt-get clean.


question during burg configuration in 14.04

You can click < ok > and move next as it is shown in this link.


The problem here is that libc6 on 18.04 LTS has version 2.27. The game needs 2.29, we can adjust this by the hack below:
# download newer libc6 from 20.04 LTS repository
cd /tmp
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/glibc/libc6_2.31-0ubuntu9.2_amd64.deb
dpkg -x libc6_2.31-0ubuntu9.2_amd64.deb /tmp/l

# copy newer library to game folder
cp /tmp/l/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.31.so ~/Desktop/friday/
cp /tmp/l/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 ~/Desktop/friday/

# set environment variable and play
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/Desktop/friday

cd ~/Desktop/friday
./Funkin

Enjoy!


I enabled the root account by mistake, how do I disable it?

Yes, the root account is now enabled. You can disable it with sudo passwd -dl root. See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo#Re-disabling_your_root_account

To change your user's password, just run passwd instead of sudo passwd username.


No internet from the ethernet (and sometimes wi-fi) ubuntu 16.04 LTS

So, thanks to @chili555, I found out that my port was renamed from eth0 to eno1. The command I was proposed to parse was:

sudo modprobe r8169 && dmesg | grep r8169

Now Ethernet works, although I don't know if Wi-fi is still denying to connect to some spots.


"Temporary failure resolving us.archive.ubuntu.com" Live USB rescue

Try: sudo dhclient -v -4

This should do the trick and fix your connection.

If dhcp does not give you the proper dns server, try to set it manually like this:

sudo echo 'nameserver 8.8.8.8' > /etc/resolv.conf


Spotify and google sheets crashing on ubuntu 16.04 asking for shockwave plugin

It doesn't ask for the player, but for a flash plugin. Flash as a technique is kind of obsolete (about to be replaced by HTML 5), but some web sites still rely on it.

Try this:

Enable Canonical Partner.
Install the adobe-flashplugin package.
Restart the browser(s).


I have a laptop with a graphics card (gma500) which has a framebuffer driver only, resulting in the same horrible framerates/performance.

The best solution for me is running Lubuntu. This is Ubuntu including the same software repository, but with a light weight desktop manager called LXDE. It is graphically not as slick, but muuuuch faster on light hardware or on systems with some issues. I even recommend it on more modern computers, if you prefer speed above presentation.

If you like the idea, you can give Lubuntu a try by downloading and running it live from a CD or USB-key.

Does this help you?


A Windows driver isn't going to work on Ubuntu.  You'll need to find a Linux driver for your device, and either use your Ethernet port or copy it to a USB stick.


For the GA release version of the JDK use:

cd /var/lib/dpkg/info
sudo sed -i 's|SHA256SUM_TGZ="2ef49c97ddcd5e0de20226eea4cca7b0d7de63ddec80eff8291513f6474ca0dc"|SHA256SUM_TGZ="1c6d783a54fcc0673ed1f8c5e8650b1d8977ca3e856a03fba0090198e0f16f6d"|' oracle-java9-installer.*
sudo sed -i 's|JAVA_VERSION_MINOR=181|JAVA_VERSION_MINOR=181|' oracle-java9-installer.*
sudo sed -i 's|FILENAME=jdk-${JAVA_VERSION_MAJOR}+${JAVA_VERSION_MINOR}_linux-${dld}_bin.tar.gz|FILENAME=jdk-${JAVA_VERSION_MAJOR}_linux-${dld}_bin.tar.gz|' oracle-java9-installer.*
sudo sed -i 's|PARTNER_URL=http://download.java.net/java/jdk${JAVA_VERSION_MAJOR}/archive/${JAVA_VERSION_MINOR}/binaries/$FILENAME|PARTNER_URL=http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/${JAVA_VERSION_MAJOR}+${JAVA_VERSION_MINOR}/$FILENAME|' oracle-java9-installer.*


Deployment is placing an ssh key for a github contributor in its own work directory. How can I make the key available for github pull?

Are you sure your listed hostname is correct? I would assume it's github.com. GitHub documentation does not list ssh.github.com.
Also, according to this answer, using IdentitiesOnly yes is recommended, though this is most likely not the issue here.


Upgraded to 19.04 - System Freezing when Opening Activities Menu

This was caused by a gnome extension workspace grid. Removed extension and solved issue. When viewing system logs was seeing message like this:

Apr 20 21:07:31 name gnome-shell[2382]: JS ERROR: TypeError: child is null#012getNonExpandedWidth@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/overviewControls.js:282:9#012_updateWorkspacesGeometry@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/overviewControls.js:448:31#012vfunc_allocate@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/overviewControls.js:391:9#012_updateSwitchUserSubMenu@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/status/system.js:167:9
Apr 20 21:07:31 name gnome-shell[2382]: JS ERROR: TypeError: child is null#012getNonExpandedWidth@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/overviewControls.js:282:9#012_updateWorkspacesGeometry@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/overviewControls.js:448:31#012vfunc_allocate@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/overviewControls.js:391:9


Cannot dualboot into Windows after Creators update

I had similar issues on an Ubuntu and Windows 10 dual boot system with the Creators Update. Windows booted after the Creator update with an "inacessible boot device" error message and restored itself to the previous version.

The following worked at my system to finish the Creator Update.

I used the tool EasyBCD and followed this procedure to use the Windows boot manager instead of GRUB2.

Then I didn't put an entry for Linux, so no boot manager appeared during the Windows startup. The Creator Update could then be installed successfully.

Finally, I included the entry for Ubuntu again in the boot manager.


You don't have to logout.

Go to System → Administration → NVIDIA X Server Settings or click on the Applications lens in the Launcher and search for NVIDIA.

Select X Server Display Configuration.

From the Model drop down list select the display you want to activate.

Click on Configure and select the option you need.


change GRUB boot loader order within GRUB

We can achieve this using Grub's Environment-block.
The Environment-block is stored in /boot/grub/grubenv and this file is a bit special, it has a preallocated size of 1024 bytes.
We should not edit this file with a text-editor even if you can open this file with a text-editor to display it's content.

We can edit /boot/grub/grubenv with different tools:

Terminal-command sudo grub-editenv [OPTION...] FILENAME COMMAND, see also man grub-editenv

Menu-entry-command save_env [-f file] var, see details in GNU Grub Manual

If the file /boot/grub/grubenv does not exit, you can create it with

sudo grub-editenv /boot/grub/grubenv create

We will have to create some custom menu-entries, https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/CustomMenus
provides helpful information how to do that. Edit /etc/grub.d/40_custom so that it looks like this:

#!/bin/sh
exec tail -n +3 $0
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
#
submenu 'Set boot default' {
    menuentry 'Set first entry as default' {
            set saved_entry=0
                save_env saved_entry
                reboot
    }
    menuentry 'Set second entry as default' {
        set saved_entry=1
                save_env saved_entry
                reboot
    }
}

If we already have custom menu-entries in the file, we just append the lines after the comment lines to our file.
The commands in the menu-entries act as follows:

set saved_entry    set the environment variable saved_entry to the specified value.
Save_env saved_entry    stores the variable saved_entry in /boot/grub/grubenv.
reboot                  reboot the machine

In addition we will need to edit /etc/default/grub which holds the basic Grub-configuration. Again, in the GNU Grub Manual we will find detailed information.

In /etc/default/grub we have to change the value for GRUB_DEFAULT to GRUB_DEFAULT=saved. This will force Grub to load the default-menu-entry from /boot/grub/grubenv
when we boot. If you find a line with GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true, remove this line.

To apply the changes we made to Grub's main configuration-file /boot/grub/grub.cfg we have to run sudo update-grub.

As next step we run sudo grub-editenv - set saved_entry=0 in a terminal. We do that to avoid conflicts, when Grub boots next time, Grub will look up for saved-entry
in /boot/grub/grubenv and is able to find it.

Now we can reboot, when the Grub-menu appears, we will see the added submenu in the list, we open it and select one of the entries. Grub will set saved_entry to the specified value, save it
to /boot/grub/grubenv and then reboot. Grub-menu appears again and we will see, that the new default is selected automatically.

One more thing to think about

In which operating system we have to make these changes? We have two Linux-distributions installed, and both ship with Grub.
With the information from a Boot-Info-summary and the terminal-command findmnt we should be able to identify the distribution
which holds and controls the configuration files. In this distribution we have to perform the above steps then.
In the other distribution Grub is not needed and should be removed or even purged, just to avoid any kind of conflicts.

Additional Information:

Tested this on my system with Grub version 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.8.


Make terminal windows always active (not on top)

Use a small script. Start this command in your terminal and it will never loose its focus:

ok, we have a time frame of 0.2 second ;)

ID=$(xdotool getactivewindow); while true; do sleep 0.2; xdotool windowfocus $ID; done;


Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package (x86)

Have you seen the known bugs Section at WineHQ for this software? Have you tried installing it the recommended way? Does it work now? If not, move your wine configuration folders (.wine) somewhere safe, start with a new configuration, install the recommended way and try again. Hope this helps, good luck.


The problem is solved after reading another post:

how to restore top level menu on panel in ubuntu 13.04

Here I quotes @user196288 's solution which works for me:

  Uninstalling Macbuntu will remove appmenu-gtk so you have to install
   it again:

sudo apt-get install appmenu-gtk appmenu-gtk3 appmenu-qt indicator-appmenu

Then log out, and log in again, everything comes back.


Vim editor and it's difference and how to repair these editor

Vi is the original "classic" editor. Vim (Vi IMproved) is a version of Vi that has more features. The differing text is likely the configuration of Vim on your system. On full Linux systems, vi is generally provided by busybox, while vim is a package.


how to run and debug bash script from VSCode

From the run option in your integrated terminal, change the option to be the shell type you want to run your code in.

You can create multiple terminals open to different locations and
easily navigate between them. Terminal instances can be added by
clicking the plus icon on the top-right of the TERMINAL panel or by
triggering the Ctrl+Shift+` command. This action creates another entry
in the drop-down list that can be used to switch between them.

More information on the integrated terminals here.


Unable to install Ubuntu. Cursor blinking on black screen

Sounds like your BIOS is hawing trouble booting from USB.

Check if a new version of BIOS is available and upgrade it.

Or get somewhere a USB-SATA/ATA adapter and then:

a) connect to the laptop a DVD drive and try booting from it.

b) pull the hard drive from the laptop, connect it to some other PC and install Ubuntu there.


After updating to 16.04 I also had problems playing sound over HDMI. Up to now I had always been able to change the output with PulseAudio. Under 16.04 this option didn't appear anymore. After some clicking around I found a solution that makes this possible again. It's quite simple.

Click on the loudspeaker symbol in the lower right corner of the control bar.
Click on the settings icon in the upper right corner.
Click on Volume on the left.
Select the Advanced tab.
Here should be a built-in sound device out and a built-in sound device Analog Stereo Duplex.
Click on the button where it says Off.
Select an HDMI output.
Save.
Now the HDMI output appears at the Devices and there is once again in PulseAudio the button where you can adjust the output device.


Use boot-repair-disk to reinstall grub. It is live bootable cd, Before repairing boot loader, must connect to WiFi network.


I have had the same problem and what solved it is us changing the hostname our old hostname had an (_) in it that was causing some problems and after removing that it worked.


"xhost +" produce access control disabled message but do not works

X-applications try to connect to the X-server that is referred to in the environment variable DISPLAY. Enter echo $DISPLAY to show its current value. It should look like :0 or localhost:0.

When starting the su-shell with su - username, all environment variables will be cleared. This is a security measure.

You can start the X application in su-mode with DISPLAY=:0 xapplication (substitute :0 with the value that was shown with the echo command).


Mount NTFS partition at startup, with non-root user as owner

In the options column add permissions and auto (and probably user or users)

nls=iso8859-1,permissions,users,auto

permissions: (NTFS-3G option) Set standard permissions on created files and use standard access control.
auto: Will be mounted at boot and from mount -a
user: Allow an ordinary user to mount the filesystem
users: Allow every user to mount and unmount the filesystem

Then change ownership of the filesystem:

sudo chown -R thomas:thomas /media/data

My line in /etc/fstab

/dev/sda5 /media/ntfs ntfs-3g users,permissions,auto 0 0

Mount and list permissions

sudo mount /media/ntfs
Using default user mapping

bodhi@ufbt:~$ ls -l /media

drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 2012-01-04 17:08 ntfs

Change ownership and list new permissions

bodhi@ufbt:~$ sudo chown bodhi:bodhi /media/ntfs

bodhi@ufbt:~$ ls -l /media

drwxr-xr-x 1 bodhi bodhi 4096 2012-01-04 17:10 ntfs

By default, ntfs-3g mounts the partition noexec, nosuid, and nodev.

noexec: Do not allow direct execution of any binaries on the mounted filesystem.
nosuid: Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take effect.
nodev: Do not interpret character or block special devices on the file system.

To override this and allow executing files, use exec

/dev/sda5 /media/ntfs ntfs-3g exec,permissions,auto 0 0

Now we get

bodhi@ufbt:~$ ls -l /media/ntfs

-rwx------ 1 bodhi bodhi 28 2012-01-04 17:16 file

bodhi@ufbt:~$ /media/ntfs/file
It works


Manually set track listen count in Banshee?

From the Ubuntu Software Centre install the SQLite Data Browser

sudo apt-get install sqlitebrowser

Navigate to ~/.config/banshee-1 in the file browser (press Ctrl+H to toggle the viewing of hidden . files)
Right click on banshee.db and click on Open With Other Application. From here open the Use a custom command box and enter sqlitebrowser
From within the SQLite Data Browser then click on the Browse Data tab, and then click on the CoreTracks 'table'.
From here scroll horizontally so you can see the track names. Once you've found a track scroll even further to the right until you find the PlayCount header. Double click on the current playcount, enter a new one, and press Apply Changes

Note: Banshee's developers have expressed some interest in implementing this from within Banshee, if you remind them they might jump into action...

Linked Q&A:

Manually Sync Play Counts in Ubuntu


Split a csv file into smaller files when integer found in first column

You can use the csplit utility to split on a regular expression e.g.

csplit -z file.csv '/^[0-9]\+,/' '{*}'
80
42

(the counts indicate the number of characters output into each file - you can suppress them by adding the -s option).

The output files are named xx00, xx01 etc. by default - there are options to change the prefix and suffix if you wish.

Ex.

$ csplit -z file.csv '/^[0-9]\+,/' '{*}'
80
42
$ head xx*
==> xx00 <==
1,'someval','otherval',,,,,
'','someotherval','some_otherval',,,,,
1BSD,'',,,,,

==> xx01 <==
2,'val',,,,,
,,,,,,
2BSD,,,,,,
2BCD,,,,,,


rm -rf does not work: 'Device or resource busy'

I did several umount commands and it worked well for me. For some reason, the folder has been mounted several times by openvz, so I had to umount it several times to be able to remove it.


Currently there are no Ubuntu Touch smartphones available at retail in India or anywhere else.

There are a couple of tablet devices that Ubuntu Touch currently supports if you're willing to install it yourself. They are the Nexus 7 2013 WiFi and the Nexus 10.

Here are the instructions detailing how to install Ubuntu Touch.


How do I fix "theme parsing error" when attempting to launch plank?

(plank:26806): Gtk-WARNING **: 16:40:00.532: Theme parsing error: gtk.css:7188:40: Junk at end of value for background-color

Is easy to fix. Open the gtk.css file of your current theme (which can be found at either /usr/share/themes/yourTheme/gtk-3.0 or on you home directory in the .themes directory (same subfolders).
Probably a semicolon missing...
But this is not the reason for the failure since GTK will resume to its default values.
This seems to be the culprit:

ERROR:arraylist.c:2644:gee_array_list_iterator_real_get: assertion failed:

Since I'm using Plank myself on a Debian Buster without any problems, it rather seems to be an inconsistent library.
Since you did not mention your desktop and/or Ubuntu Version, I can't help any further.


Just an inkling, but hold [Shift] as you start the computer, just before it shows you this screen. IF you get any options, it might be the Ubuntu kernel experiencing issues. If nothing changes, then it could be a major issue with GRUB (the OS bootloader).


Lubuntu Openbox shortcut command not working

This works for me on Lubuntu 18.04:

<keybind key="C-W-C">        # my vlc
  <action name="Execute">
    <command>sh -c 'vlc -vvv "$(xclip -o)"'</command>
  </action>
</keybind>

Remember to run openbox --reconfigure after saving your edits to lubuntu-rc.xml.

If you have any output from openbox --reconfigure, you'll need to fix the issues mentioned.

Edit: You normally1 can't have shortcuts with two non-modifier keys. Common modifier keys are C (for Control), A (for Alt), S (for Shift) and W (for Windows aka Super).

1 See https://web.archive.org/web/20190815101235/http://openbox.org/wiki/Help:Bindings for more:

  Key combination

  KEY-COMBINATION is the key combination which you want to bind to the
  actions. The format for the KEY-COMBINATION is: Modifier-Modifier-Key.
  Any number of modifiers (0 or more) can be used together, and they are
  each separated by a "-". Multiple KEY-COMBINATION can be specified in
  one keybind by separating them with spaces. This is useful if you use
  multiple keybinds for a thing that is quite complicated to specify.


Upgraded to 16.04, can't start Apache - Invalid command 'AssignUserID', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included

You don't appear to have mpm_itk.load in your mods-enabled folder, which most likely indicates it's not loaded.

sudo a2enmod mpm_itk
sudo service apache2 restart


Can't re-enable PPAs long after upgrade to 12.10

(Old content removed, question revised and rewritten)

I see the items for DropBox and Google Chrome here, but not Wine.  Without the "Wine" entry, I can't help you figure out where you can reenable that.

In the mean time, in the lists for DropBox and Google Chrome, remove the # at the beginning of the line starting with deb, then save.  Then, sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get upgrade.  That should upgrade Chrome and DropBox correctly.


In order to upgrade do the following:

virtualenv -p python3 pgadmin4

cd pgadmin4

source bin/activate

pip3 install https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/pgadmin/pgadmin4/v4.3/pip/pgadmin4-4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl

In some cases it changes the http://12.70.0.1:[port] to http://localhost:[port]

to fix this edit the pgAdmin4/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pgadmin4/config.py (or the version you actually have if it's different) file by updating the line:

 DEFAULT_SERVER = '127.0.0.1'

to:

 DEFAULT_SERVER = 'localhost'


Is Lenovo Z50-70 compatible with Ubuntu?

change your Bios first. change 'Boot Mode[UEFI] ' to 'Legacy Support'  and install windows create 3 partitions and make one unallocated once the installation of windows completed just try to install UBUNTU.
yes you are right in Lenovo Z50-70  there are so many problem like Realtek,Graphics and WiFi Etc;  but you can solve those issues very easily
sorry for my bad English becouse is not my primary language :)


I had the EXACT SAME problem and I solved it like this:

From that page (in the image) press F10 to go to BIOS Setup
Navigate to System Configuration
It should look like this:

Now select Boot Options
Looks like this now:

Press Enter on OS boot Manager
Now using F5 and F6 make ubuntu (THOSHIBA ****) as the first option
Like this:

Now press Enter and save the settings by pressing F10.

Now you should see the GRUB

NOTE: If ubuntu option is not available in the OS boot manager you should disable SECURE BOOT (and Legacy support too) and save and Restart.

Now try the above steps.


The first option is the safest one: Install the package maintainer's version. This option gets the package updates as usual when updating the installed software. The other options are non-default options.


Keep X-sessions active when I switch to another TTY

Access to devices is based on your user.

Once you login with your user on e.g. TTY1, you should still/again hear the sound (maybe switch back and forth once) but you can never have the sound when going to TTY1 in the first place as there is no user logged in to actually have control over the outputs.


Edit /etc/sysctl.conf and search for the following lines:

# Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4
#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

Uncomment net.ipv4.ip_forward=1:

# Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

Or in one line command :

sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1


I have the same problem but in 12.10 ubuntu gnome remix.
Spotify and VLC is fine but Youtube is high pitched.

Chocolate Rain on Youtube sounds normal instead of dark xD

EDIT:

If I go to "Sound" settings and choose random other option on settings then back to Analog Stereo Output the high pitch is gone, Chocolate Rain is again dark and nice. It usaually pitches back after a week or so.


Temporary workaround:

SVNVERSION="Unversioned directory" ./configure --prefix=/home/jeff/py25 -- enable-shared

Visit issue6094


Is it possible to change the value of environment variable from a bash script so that it persists?

The short answer is "No, you can't permanently change an environment variable from within a Bash script".

The longer answer is that when a Bash script is executed it receives a copy of the environment (not references to the environment variables themselves). So, whilst you can change the values of the copies within your script, those changes will be lost when the script exits and are also not visible to other scripts you may be running concurrently.

You can however, change an environment variable with a Bash script by "source"-ing it from the command line:

source  your_script_name


Can I use shell_exec or exec as a different user than the apache user?

access your linux shell with php isn't recommended , I think isn't secure. If you want to access your linux shell with ssh , you use firefox with firessh plugin . Firessh


Site: addons.thunderbird.net/nl/thunderbird/languagetoos is not updated for rel60 quantum

You should consider to install thunderbird-locale-nl package from APT to have Dutch; Flemish language pack for Thunderbird:

sudo apt install thunderbird-locale-nl

As the result you will get version 60.2.1+build1-0ubuntu0.18.04.2.
Note: you may need to remove localization add-on from your user profile to make it working.


/dev/sda1 contains a file system with errors, check forced

At the (initramfs) prompt, type fsck -f /dev/sda1 to check/repair your file system.


Lubuntu, Sony HDTV as monitor, text display issues. Please help!

It looks like you have found at least one of the system fonts settings, but I have found at least 3 on my installation (Lubuntu 14.04).

From the launcher button:
1. Preferences - Customise Look and Feel, then on the Widget tab there is a default font.
2. Preferences - Desktop Preferences, then on the Appearance tab there is a label text font.
3. Preferences - Openbox Configuration Manager, then on the Appearance page there are 6 fonts to set.

You might also want to right-click on the panel (i.e. the bar with the icons, clock, power icon etc.) and select Panel Settings. On the Geometry tab increase the height and icon size.

Unfortunately I cannot find out how to change the font sizes for audacious and xterminal, but some applications do let you change the font size. I usually use LXTerminal instead of XTerm, and LXTerminal does allow you to change the font size in Edit - Preferences.

Also make sure the screen resolution (Preferences - Monitor Settings) is set to a resolution that your screen supports. There is no point in using a resolution higher than what your TV can do. In the specification section towards the rear of the TV manual (Sony do supply TV manuals online if you don't have it. I know this because I have downloaded one for the very same reason. Google the TV make and model number) you should be able to find the highest supported resolution.

If you do change the resolution, you may also want to change the resolution of the login screen. You do this by editing the xorg.conf file /etc/X11/xorg.conf. You will need to create this if you don't already have it with the following commands:
    sudo service lightdm stop
    sudo Xorg -configure
    sudo mv xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf
    #Edit the xorg.conf file with your editor of choice
    sudo service lightdm start

You will want to find Section "Screen", scroll down to the last "EndSubSection" before the "EndSection" and insert the line:
Modes     "1360x768"
before the "EndSubSection" line.
(You input your desired resolution instead of "1360x768" if it is different)

Another option to make everything readable is that you set your resolution very low, but this would defeat the purpose of the HD in your TV. However, it may make things easier temporarily while you try to read menu options.


What is the role of lock files in a system?

They are all lock files. Link for more information.

Different applications and daemons create their lock files, if they need to protect themselves from crashing or from corrupting information.

For example:

/run/lock/whoopsie/lock

lock for whoopsie, it is Ubuntu Error Reporting daemon. It collects information about crashes, so it need to protect some information from changes until it collects everything.

/proc/sys/dev/cdrom/lock

Lock file for you cdrom device. Only one application at a time can control cdrom device, that's why it is there. The same thing for every devices.

/var/lib/dpkg/lock
/var/lib/apt/lists/lock
/var/cache/apt/archives/lock

Lock file for package managers. They usually blocking their sources database

Also a little quote from wikipedia:

The following example illustrates the interceding update problem:

  Process A reads a customer record from a file containing account information, including the customer's account balance and phone
  number.
  Process B now reads the same record from the same file so it has its own copy.
  Process A changes the account balance in its copy of the customer record and writes the record back to the file.
  Process B, which still has the original stale value for the account balance in its copy of the customer record, updates the account
  balance and writes the customer record back to the file.
  Process B has now written its stale account-balance value to the file, causing the changes made by process A to be lost.

This is one of examples. There many other situations that can lead to a problem. That's why OS need lock files


Linux server 18.04 GUI keeps crashing/freezing

I would start debugging freezes at the lowest level, which in this case is the pc hardware itself. Memtest is a good start to see if the memory is good and the cooling can take some load.

Next step would be to check for errors in /var/log/syslog.


Apache2 fails to start on boot with Ubuntu 16.04

I looked up what the the static state of is-enabled means, and found that:

  In this context, static means that the unit file does not contain an "install" section, which is used to enable a unit. As such, these units cannot be enabled.

Also, I found that the Apache2 package contains only a systemd include file, not a complete file:

 # /lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.d/apache2-systemd.conf
 [Service]
 Type=forking
 RemainAfterExit=no

It appears that the remainder of the logic for managing the Apache2 process comes from using a shim that allows systemd to run SysVinit scripts. So try enabling Apache2 to run at boot using a symlink in a SysVinit directory:

ln -s /etc/init.d/apache2 /etc/rc5.d/S02apache2

It seems like a bug or at least a missing feature that Apache2 isn't shipping with a full systemd 'service' file on Ubuntu 16.04.


How can I delete private information in a bug report?

I don't think there is any easy way of removing any private information from crash logs, but your files should be uploaded privately as it's well explained in Ubuntu Wiki at Triage:

  Apport reports

  A considerable number of bugs reported by Apport concern program
  crashes which are reported semi-automatically and get pre-processed
  automatically by bots in the Canonical data center. These bots try to
  generate a fully symbolic stack trace and check for duplicates.

  In Feisty and early Gutsy, those bugs were public, so that everyone
  could see them. However, this created a privacy problem since core
  dumps and stack traces could potentially contain sensitive
  information. Also, crash reports generate a lot of bug mail noise.
  With the automatic duplicate checking, a fair amount of the reported
  bugs are completely irrelevant for triagers.

  Since Gutsy, these problems have been mitigated: bugs are filed with
  the "private" flag enabled, i. e. only the reporter and subscribers
  can see it. The reprocessing bots will subscribe the ubuntu-bugcontrol
  team, but without sending bug email to the team members.

  Thus crash bugs differ from other bugs in two important aspects: they
  need to be checked for sensitive data, and there will not be any
  initial bug mail for them until they become public. Triagers should
  check the following things:

  If the crash still has a CoreDump.gz attachment, then it was not    possible to automatically get a fully symbolic stack trace and check
  for duplicates. In this case, the bug will be tagged with apport-failed-retrace.
  If the stack trace looks good enough, the    CoreDump.gz attachment should be removed with the (edit) link in the    attachment box. If
  the retrace failed completely, mark the bug as    'Invalid' and ask
  the reporter to refile the bug if the crash can be    reproduced.
  Never mark a bug containing a Coredump.gz attachment as    public. If
  there is no Stacktrace.txt (retraced) attachment, then the    most
  probable reason is that the CoreDump.gz attachment is broken.
  Please check with Martin Pitt (pitti in IRC, martin.pitt@ubuntu.com)
  about the reason since he can look into log files.
  Check if any of    stacktrace attachments (original stacktraces, Stacktrace.txt    (retraced) and ThreadStacktrace.txt (retraced)) have
  anything that    looks like sensitive data passed as function
  arguments. Examples are    passwords, things that look like bank
  account numbers, CSS keys, user    names, server names, etc. If you
  don't find anything, you may mark    the bug as public ("This report
  is public/private" in the top right    of the bug report). This is not
  required though, it is fine to keep    the bug private throughout its
  lifetime. Except for those privacy    issues, crash reports should be
  handled like normal bugs in terms of    duplicate searching/marking,
  upstream forwarding, etc.

If you don't want to send any private information, try to report the bug manually, without using ubuntu-bug tool.

More advanced method

Alternatively report the bug by logged in by different user or from the virtual machine.

Or scan the files before sending (if you know where they are) by cat/gzcat and strings, e.g.

find /var/log -name \*.gz -exec sh -c "gzcat '{}'|strings"  \;
find /var/log -name \*.log -exec sh -c "cat '{}'|strings"  \;

Where /var/log is the dir with compressed crash logs, use *.gz for compressed files, use *.log or whatever for non-compressed files. The command will print every string which is stored in these logs. You may also grep them for looking specific private data, if you know what you're looking for.

If you know which file it's, then just edit it or replace it by sed, e.g.

sed -i'.bak' s/private/XXXXXXX/g name_of_the_file.log

See also:

How do I report a bug?


Kriss, you can simply download the 64bit .deb from Google's site and double click it to open it in the Ubuntu Software Center. From there you can install it, uninstall it, etc.


Ubuntu server is unable to boot after update

As soon as your system/server  starts to boot press C key. In this mode,select a different kernel and try to boot in it.

If it fails then you need to first backup everthing using a live linux distro.

Now as its a kernel panic you would need to first mount the partiton in live mode. In this case I first suggest you to install new kernel and update the grub

Step 1:  Boot using a live CD/USB

Step 2:  type command df -h and obtain the partition where Ubuntu is     installed

Step 3 : Mount the partiton where ubuntu is using the Command sudo mount /dev/sdX /mnt where X matches the partition title.

Step 4 : Now its time to get new kernels so either download it before hand or you may do it now.

Goto ubuntu kernel, select the latest kernel. In my case its v4.14-rc1, so click that. Now based on your server arch you can download the kernels.
To know the arch,type the command uname -a to get a fair knowledge of the kernel arch. X86 shows its 32 bits, x86_64 shows its a 64 bits processor with support for 32. So I would download  these in case of 64 bits

linux-headers-4.14.0-041400rc1_4.14.0-041400rc1.201709162031_all.deb
linux-headers-4.14.0-041400rc1-generic_4.14.0-041400rc1.201709162031_amd64.deb
linux-image-4.14.0-041400rc1-generic_4.14.0-041400rc1.201709162031_amd64.deb

You can do these either by making a text file (I would call it as kernel.list)  having all the links, saving that and then using wget to download these all.
In your case it should be

sudo wget -i /dev/sdx/kernel.list

Then type

sudo dpkg -i *.deb --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sdX

This will install all the kernel file at /dev/sdx to its mounted volume at /mnt. or you could simply do the wget -i kernel.list on another machine. Copy paste it to /dev/sdx using the command `

sudo cp /usb_driver /dev/sdx

and then install kernel by

sudo dpkg -i *.deb --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sdX

Step 5: Now in terminal type

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sdX

these will re-install grub2.

Step 6: Now simply reboot , command "sudo reboot"  and check wheter it works or not.

Note :

Step 5 installs new kernel
Step 6 re installs grub2 so that your bootloader is fixed and is linked with your new kernel.


Xubuntu Mail Watcher (XFCE Plugin) Won't Connect To IMAP

Try installing a plug-in for Thunderbird called Firetray, its a decent workaround to avoid this Xubuntu 12.10 "Bug".


How to make shortcut to go to specific workspace

Not from the desktop but you can from the commandline:
dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/switch-to-workspace-5 "['<Primary>F5']"

and so on or nstall dconf-editor if you want a graphical method:


Ubuntu touch is not yet available for x86, But you can expect it in near future


How "Install along side Windows" option works

Based on this link it is safe to assume that, rather than relying on ubuntu for the installation, you should shrink/resize your partitions (manually) than allowing ubuntu to handle the partitions for you.

Understand that the risks involved in relying on ubuntu for creating partition for you.

If I were in your place I would never go for install alongside windows option, and create and choose the partition by myself.

BTW I had used that option of installing alongside windows, but I had already shrinked my partitions in windows, ubuntu was installed in the free space created by shrinking the partitions.


Samba share stopped working for me a few weeks ago

I had a similar problem, which turned out to be caused by a known bug in Samba. It looks like this will be fixed in future versions.

In the meantime, the short-term workaround is:

sudo mkdir /mnt/root
sudo mount -o rbind / /mnt/root

Then add the following line to /etc/fstab:

/    /mnt/root    none    rbind    0    0

Then, edit your smb.conf file to use "path = /mnt/root" instead of "path = /".


The -i states

-i, --interactive
          prompt before overwrite

Logically you are doing a "mv" where the file does not exist yet. It will only prompt if the file you are moving it to exists. Simple test:

rinzwind@discworld:~/test$ ls
rinzwind@discworld:~/test$ touch 1
rinzwind@discworld:~/test$ mv -i 1 2
rinzwind@discworld:~/test$ touch 1
rinzwind@discworld:~/test$ mv -i 1 2
mv: overwrite ‘2’? y
rinzwind@discworld:~/test$


You should not disable Secure boot, nor enable legacy support for Ubuntu to work.

Go into BIOS and reset to default, I believe F10 does that. After powering on tap F9 to select boot device. If this doesn't work, then remake bootable ISO using UNetbootin.

Making Bootable USB using UNetbootin

If using Windows, run the file, select an ISO file or a distribution to download, select a target drive (USB Drive or Hard Disk), then reboot once done. If your USB drive doesn't show up, reformat it as FAT32.

Choosing Distribution or Diskimage

There has been some confusion between Distribution and Diskimage and I am going to clear the uncertainties before hand.

Distribution

There is a Radio button with the text Distribution next to it. If you don't have a Diskimage then you would select this option so the image would be downloaded.

Diskimage

On the other hand, there is another Radio button at the bottom with the text Diskimage next to it. You would select this option if you have an image ISO file and you don't need to download an ISO.


after power outage: grub asks for (unknown) user name and password

Did you try logging in as root and then go through the users that way? Just type in
$cat /etc/passwd to view users then
$passwd  to change the password?

My Debian Stretch boots into GRUB as default. I just type "exit" (without inverted commas) and it continues on to Debian Desktop.


How can I connect my java phone's internet to my pc?

You have to search on google: active tethering and router wifi and so you will have istructions .
Before you can see if you model support you option on this site

Update:
see this guide official of samsung because you model can share internet


How can I make the Unity 2d Shell dodge GNOME Panel when running both simultaneously?

I confirm that behavior would show up only for Compiz/Dual Display combination. What I've tested so far in VBox with Ubuntu 12.04 32bit:

Metacity + Single Display (OK)
Metacity + Dual Display (OK)
Compiz + Single Display (OK)
Compiz + Dual Display (Overlapping)

One trick or work around that works for me, adding a top panel to the second display & Auto hide should be disabled for both.

In case you don't want to add a panel to 2nd display, this another hack not fully tested, it just works:

Get source:

sudo apt-get build-dep unity-2d
apt-get source unity-2d
cd unity-2d-5.14.0/

Modify screen top

nano shell/app/shelldeclarativeview.cpp

void
ShellDeclarativeView::updateShellPosition()
{
...
    QRect my_screenInfo = m_screenInfo->availableGeometry();
    my_screenInfo.adjust(0,28,0,0);
    const QRect availableGeometry = my_screenInfo;
    //const QRect availableGeometry = m_screenInfo->availableGeometry();

Mod Shell height

nano shell/Shell.qml

Item {
    id: shell
...
    height: declarativeView.screen.availableGeometry.height - 28

Build it:

cmake .
make

Test it

./shell/app/unity-2d-shell

You may like to install it then rename it to avoid mess up with official one.

    sudo make install
    sudo mv /usr/local/bin/unity-2d-shell /usr/local/bin/unity-2d-shell-mod


Remove icon from notification panel in Ubuntu MATE

It is MATE keyboard LEDs indicator.

You can remove it from MATE Tweak:

Start it by System->Preferences->Look and Feel->MATE Tweak or mate-tweak.
Switch to Interface tab.
In Panel Features uncheck Enable keyboard LED.


How to share data between two computers?

You're not on the same LAN, so you need to send it over the Internet, and therefore need to use a file transfer service such as Dropbox, MEGA, Google Drive or many, many competitors. You upload the file, select Share and send them a link to the file.

Alternatively, you could install Samba and Apache on your machine, so Samba can deliver the file to Apache and your friend could pick up the file by selecting it for download from your web page made visible by Apache. Sharing files over Internet has specifics, but the first method is easier.


How do I disable emoji input in Ubuntu Mate 18.04?

Just a small hint: In case you don't find the IBus Preferences dialog, open a Terminal shell and type

ibus-setup

A dialog like this will appear on your screen:


Ubuntu 13.04 suffers graphics corruption?

Okay, there was nothing wrong with my driver. I installed CompizConfig Settings Manager with

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

After I did that, I opened CompizConfig Settings Manager, and selected the Ubuntu Unity Plugin, and made sure that the background color was set to #000000 and that Dash Blur was set to No Blur.

This should fix the problem, as it did for me.

I found my answer from 13.04 Dash bug on Ubuntu Forums.


Boot into Ubuntu using the "live" CD.
Mount your HDD, usually under /media. (Use Disks for mounting)
Enter terminal mode (as a superuser).
chroot to the HDD installation mount point.
Change the user password with the passwd command.
Reboot without the "live" CD.

Thanks to the RockDoctor as the source of the above solution.


You are missing some important directives in the :443 VirtualHost. The SSL certificate file and private key are not specified.

The VirtualHostdirective should look like the following:

Listen 443
<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName example.com
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile "/path/to/www.example.com.cert"
    SSLCertificateKeyFile "/path/to/www.example.com.key"
</VirtualHost>

Check the official Apache documentation for more details:


It turns out the user list was there, just resized down so much as to make it completely invisible. The fix was to mouseover the side of the window until the drag handle appeared, allowing me to expand it.


How do I display google chrome's menus in xubuntu? I can't find them

I don't believe there are any menus for Chrome outside of the button on the top right, the "hamburger" button as they call it. As far as I recall you get to everything from there.


External monitor blacked out in Xubuntu 12.04

Here are some very good instructions for setting up your dual monitor in xfce:

How do I setup dual monitors in XFCE?


How do I install Likewise 6 without an internet connection?

this should help you
http://www.likewise.com/docs/man/ch02.html


Finally got it fixed myself.
did apt-get dist-upgrade and the graphics errors were fixed. (including WebGL)

but the sound glitches are still present.

Answering my own question so it might be helpful to someone else having the same problem and no community support. :)

Thank you.


How to upgrade poppler-utils to latest version?

This is because Ubuntu focuses on stability, not bleeding edge packages, this means that the software in the repositories can be outdated and you must build it from source yourself.

First remove the current installed version

sudo apt-get purge poppler-utils

Install the required build tools

sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall

Run these commands to build and install

wget --directory-prefix=~ poppler.freedesktop.org/poppler-0.40.0.tar.xz
tar -xvzf ~/poppler-0.40.0.tar.xz
cd ~/poppler-0.40.0
./configure
make
sudo checkinstall

Now poppler-0.40.0 is installed on your computer.


strace hwinfo --dump-db 0 does not dump to /var/lib/hardware

Quoting the 16.04 hwinfo manpage:

--dump-db N
      Dump hardware data base. N is either 0  for  the  external  data
      base in /var/lib/hardware, or 1 for the internal data base.

...
FILES

/var/lib/hardware/hd.ids
      External hardware data base (in readable  text  form).  Try  the
      --dump-db option to see the format.

/var/lib/hardware/udi
      Directory  where  persistent config data are stored (see --save-
      config option).

I read that as hwinfo dumping from the database in /var/lib/hardware, not dumping to /var/lib/hardware. So if there's nothing in /var/lib/hardware, there's nothing to dump.

And the strace output reflects this:

$ strace -e open hwinfo --dump-db 0
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open("/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhd.so.21", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open("/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libx86emu.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open("/proc/version", O_RDONLY)         = 3
open("/proc/cmdline", O_RDONLY)         = 3
open("/var/lib/hardware/cmdline", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/modules/4.13.0-37-generic/modules.alias", O_RDONLY) = 3
open("/var/lib/hardware/hd.ids", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/var/lib/hardware/ids", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

It tries (and fails) to read /var/lib/hardware/hd.ids.


Can I triple boot windows 7, ubuntu 13.04 and kubuntu?

There is no need to dual boot between ubuntu and kubuntu.  You can simply install Ubuntu and if you also want to try kubuntu, you just install the kubuntu-desktop package and can select between the two desktops when you log in.


Rather, try adding Nimbuzz to your Chrome browser.
https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/aogjjhoakpgofjogelilmcdleibaennj?hl=en-US


How to couple two nets via VPN and access a network printer across the nets?

This is likely because your VPN is setting the default route and routing table such that all traffic goes out over the VPN.  This means your LAN is no longer your LAN; you become part of the VPN 'LAN'.

Think about the term Virtual Private Network.  You're virtually joining a remote, private network, and your computer traffic will originate from there.

If you compare the output route, before and after connecting to the VPN, you'll see what I mean.  If sudo route isn't available, the same information can be found using sudo ip route.

sudo route

If you take note of the original routing table, you can re-add the routes and gain access to your local LAN (assuming 192.168.1.1 is your router):

sudo ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.1

You should only need a single route added to gain access to each local network.  Be sure not to add any external routes.

The VPN is doing this because it's the easiest way to suck in all of your network traffic to 'secure' it and ensure all of your data goes through their servers.  Your computer will want to take the quickest route to any destination, so if you tell it how to do this, by providing a route, you should be able to re-gain access to your LAN while connected to the VPN.

You'll encounter issues if the two subnets are the same and will need to adjust your local LAN, as you have control over that.  Are the subnets the same because you made them the same after trying to solve for previous issues you experienced?  If that is the case, adding the proper route would solve your original problem.

If you have zero control over either network, you can try adding the route, and specifying the network device.  If it works, it will mean that you only have access to one or the other network as the LAN.  This would be fine if you don't need printers on the VPN LAN, but would be pretty magical and you might experience issues in the future that would be nearly impossible to pinpoint and fix.

Thanks for the interesting details, but I'm confused about you not having control over at least one of the nets.  You could try tricking your computer into using another CIDR block, say /30, and ensuring that any devices you wish to access on your true LAN are within that block, connect to the VPN, and add the route for the /30 block to route through your Ethernet card using your local router.

sudo ip route add 192.168.55.253/30 via 192.168.55.1 dev eth0

Or more simply, just add a single route to the known IP of the Printer

sudo ip route add 192.168.55.253 via 192.168.55.1 dev eth0

Here, you're telling your computer to put any traffic to this IP/set of IPs over eth0, or your normal networking interface, vs the tunnel (tun0) that the VPN has created.

Don't open up your LAN to the VPN.  Teach your computer how to be on both networks at the same time.


Unable to Shutdown after updating to 14.10 from 14.04

Try updating drivers and Grub, or disable visual settings

To disable visual effects by:

right click on the desktop and select "change desktop background".
Click the "Visual Effects" tab.
Change it to none.

and also try some terminal commands like

sudo poweroff
sudo halt


how can i access openVPN to a VPN Provider

Yes.
The command:

openvpn --config Netherlands_B.ovpn

run as root should connect you to your vpn provider as all the information openvpn requires is stored in this file.

If it fails have a look in the Netherlands_B.ovpn file. since its a clear text configuration file you can simply edit it.
Check that the required certificates and keys are in the path specified in the file.


Why do some shortcuts no longer work when using an alternate keyboard layout?

it doesn't work because the keyboard layout is different, i mean where the keys are virtually so check the keyboard layout in the
OS or change the language that it's in... i hope this was helpful


If you cannot access the Keyboard settings from the GUI, try running this command:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

You can find more info here

To boot as root, at grub select "Advanced options for Ubuntu" then boot in "Recovery mode".

At the "Recovery Menu", you can choose "Drop to a root shell propmpt":

If your keyboard is working, although not in the correct keymap, you should be able to type the command.


How can I be sure I am running the correct version of Flashplayer?

How did you install flash ? If from a repository you can check with

dpkg -l | grep flash

If from Adobe , what version is in the tar ?

You can also open firefox and type

about:plugins

If you wish to look at a lower level, I would use strace. strace dumps a fair amount of output to the terminal, so you can redirect it to a file with the -o option and reduce the output somewhat with the -e option.

sudo strace -o /tmp/firefox-trace.txt -e open /usr/bin/firefox

Open a flash video and you can grep the /tmp/firefox-trace.txt file to confirm the lib

grep flash /tmp/firefox-trace.txt


Unable to install or boot live CD after upgrading my PC

A fully functional GTX 1080 Ti driver is not currently included in the Ubuntu build.

To fix your problem:

Boot into Ubuntu with your monitor connected to integrated graphics
port
Download the GeForce drivers from http://geforce.com/drivers/results/120917
Reboot and connect the monitor to the new graphics card

Eventually the Ubuntu Team will update the drivers for this relatively new hardware in future builds

NOTE: For those who are working with mobos that do not support integrated graphics, one can always install an old, known good PCI graphics card to get video working temporarily.  These can be obtained very inexpensively at local recycling shops.  This piece of hardware is a very handy troubleshooting item to have around.

Alternately, a much more elegant but slightly more complex workaround can be had using nomodset.  Instructions on how to do this can be found at What does `nomodeset` do


What asks for username/password at login? (text login, not graphics)

From man agetty:

   agetty  opens a tty port, prompts for a login name and invokes the /bin/login command.  It
   is normally invoked by init(8).

So, it's either man agetty or man login that will help you.


Fix GRUB to boot Windows after deleting Ubuntu

For posterity in answer to the original question: Use Boot-Repair to install a Windows MBR
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

Getting Boot-Repair

1st option : get a disk including Boot-Repair

The easiest way to use Boot-Repair is to create a disk containing the tool (eg Boot-Repair-Disk, a disk starting Boot-Repair automatically), and boot on it.

Remark : it is recommended to install the ISO on a live-USB (eg via UnetBootin or LiliUSB or Universal USB Installer). Do not burn it on a DVD if your computer has Windows8 pre-installed, or if your boot is in EFI mode


Odroid-N2 (arm64/aarch64): Initramfs Error after upgrade from 18.04 LTS to 20.04.2 LTS

The flash-kernel package version number looks "suspicious". Please note that third party repositories should have been deactivated during the do-release-upgrade procedure in your case (see do-release-upgrade disables third party software sources which also explains how you can prevent this in the future).
You'd need to (re-)add the following repository in order to see a modified version of the flash-kernel package:
[2021-04-29T23:07:52+0200] root@odroid01:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ppa-linuxfactory-or-kr.list
deb http://ppa.linuxfactory.or.kr focal main non-free contrib
deb-src http://ppa.linuxfactory.or.kr focal main non-free contrib
[2021-04-29T23:08:03+0200] root@odroid01:~# LANG=C apt policy flash-kernel
flash-kernel:
  Installed: 5:3.99+202104021221~focal
  Candidate: 5:3.99+202104021221~focal
[...]


How to execute C++ program whenever a USB flash drive is inserted

For general use, If you would like to run your program for any USB storage. Use the driver for the rule match.

Add a udev rules file

sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/90-detect-storage.rules

Add this rule

ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="usb-storage", DRIVER=="sd", RUN+="/pathto/yourprogram"

If you want your program to distinguish the disks, so it runs different operations, use (you can pass its serial number or any attribute you like):

ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="usb-storage", DRIVER=="sd", RUN+="/pathto/yourprogram $env{ID_VENDOR_ID} $env{ID_MODEL_ID}"

Reload all rules

sudo udevadm control --reload-rules

Unplug and replug the flash drive

Notes:

I used this rule just to test which create a log when the rule is triggered:

ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="usb-storage", DRIVER=="sd", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo $env{ID_VENDOR_ID} $env{ID_MODEL_ID} >> /home/username/Desktop/usb-storage.log'"

You can comment the rules you don't want by adding # to the beginning of the line. Rules file can contain multiple rules.
To check all the available env variables, use:

ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="usb-storage", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo == >> /home/username/Desktop/usb-storage-env.log; env >> /home/username/Desktop/usb-storage-env.log'"

To check for parameters to use for rule match, run:

sudo udevadm info --name=/dev/sdb1 --attribute-walk

References:

Pass ATTR{idVendor} as argument in udev script
Writing udev rules by Daniel Drake


There are a few small typos in your config. You have written:

UseSTARTCTLS=YES
        ^

(I have marked the error) where you should have written:

UseSTARTTLS=YES

And finally the path for the certificates in Trusty should be written not as this:

TLS_CA_File=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

but more correctly as:

TLS_CA_File=/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt

These corrections should be enough to get you going :)

References:

Arch Wiki: SSMTP


If you downloaded Telegram directly from the website, then your package management system has no idea about it, and you have to remove the files yourself. You may find them in ~/Downloads but perhaps you put them somewhere else, for example /opt. If you have been using Telegram you may also find an automatically created directory in ~/Downloads called Telegram Desktop which contains files you have downloaded from Telegram messages. There may also be a hidden directory in your home ~/.TelegramDesktop. You can remove Telegram by deleting all these files and directories.

If you can't find them dosudo updatedb && locate Telegram to see where they are.

If you installed from the Atareao PPA then remove the PPA itself:

sudo apt remove telegram
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:atareao/telegram

As mentioned by @Anwar, there is a package called ppa-purge which removes ppas more gracefully, attempting to restore any packages from ppa to repository versions as well as removing the ppa versions. You don't need it in this case, since there is no repository version of Telegram, however, it is the preferred way to remove ppas:

sudo apt install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:atareao/telegram

This will uninstall any packages from the ppa as well as removing it.

If you installed the snap package telegram-sergiusens then do

sudo snap remove telegram-sergiusens


ubuntu-core 18 Certificate authority - mkdir: cannot create directory /etc/ssl/CA

Linux marks a filesystem as read-only when it discovers errors in the filesystem during mounting.

Run Ubuntu Live CD and performed a disk check from there

If the error still persist, you can proceeded with the following solution:

Reboot and select the "recovery mode" kernel from the grub menu. (If you don't see this menu, hold down shift during boot.) You'll end up at a menu; choose the "root shell" option.

Now it's time to cut-and-paste

mount -n -o remount,rw /
touch /forcefsck
shutdown -r now


Connection Errors After Upgrade to Artful Aardvark

Here is only part of an answer to my own question...

About Tunderbird mail ... deleting only one of my three IMAP accounts and adding it back in somehow fixed the the other two in addition to the original account. In other words, fixing one made all three work. Strange, but it works for me. Maybe it will work for you.


Try pressing Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to bring up the terminal.
Right-click the Terminal icon in the Unity bar and select Keep in launcher.


Which sound profile will allow me to simultaneously hear and record system audio + microphone input?

No sound profile selection will achieve the results you are looking for. Instead you could mix voice and audio channels (follow link for step-by-step details).

You might want start with this article from the same blog for background High quality audio broadcasting with Flipzu and Ubuntu Linux, or this "weekend project" for a lot more technical detail: Record From Skype Calls and Other Apps on Linux.


Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt update
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
sudo apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit
sudo reboot

After rebooting run the following command to show what Nvidia driver version is installed:

apt policy nvidia-driver-390 nvidia-driver-430

If nvidia-driver-390 is installed run the following command:

sudo apt install nvidia-compute-utils-390

If nvidia-driver-430 is installed run the following command:

sudo apt install nvidia-compute-utils-430


You provide very little information so its hard to really know where to start.

if you upgraded. Try removing the .pulse folder in your home folder.
If you didnt upgrade make sure that the volume level is up.

Sometimes the volume controlls are mapped wrong.
Use the utility alsamixer from the terminal try adjusting different settings there to see if you can get sound back.


How is possible that Ubuntu 12.04 32bit can see all of 6gb ram

Because Ubuntu 12.04 is using the PAE kernel by default.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnablingPAE


Where did Windows 8 go, can I still access it?

To enter console or terminal at left top go to Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal

Click on terminal and in the screen that appears type sudo update grub.

This will update your grub conf and i hope this can solve your problem.

Let me know if it works.


HP Envy Beats Edition can play CDs, but not DVDs

- Install VLC

Open Synaptic application
Click on System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager.
In Settings -> Repositories, make sure you have an universe repository activated.

Search for vlc and install it, as well as vlc-plugin-pulse. You may also want to install mozilla-plugin-vlc.

If you are interested in streaming or transcoding, you should additionnally install libavcodec-extra-52 from a multiverse repository.
Command line way

You need to check that a universe mirror is listed in your /etc/apt/sources.list file.

% sudo apt-get update
% sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-pulse mozilla-plugin-vlc


Ubuntu shows disk volumes as one partition

You'll need to install something that can install a decryption tool that can read the partitions before you can do anything with them.
Have a look at gdecrypt in the Ubuntu repositories.  Since I've never done it I will have trouble giving step by step instructions but the following is from software center page:

gdecrypt was written for making the use of decrypted partitions under Linux more easy. It currently contains a GUI written in PyGTK for decrypting/mounting, unmounting and encrypting partitions or container files and it supports partitions created with truecrypt (see http://truecrypt.org for details) and LUKS.
Note that truecrypt <=4.3a is required for truecrypt support and cryptsetup with luks is required for luks support.

You should probably edit your question with the vital truecrypt information if you want to get some help from someone who has used truecrypt.  Neither Windows nor Ubuntu come with truecrypt support out of the box so you have to install it before you can access those partitions.  This is easy enough to do with Ubuntu (select try Ubuntu then install gdecrypt) but I don't know how you will tackle Windows.


Fixed by using Krusader.

As time goes I'm more and more disappointed with Nautilus. It's slow and buggy.


Used disk space from 'df' doesn't add up to what tools like 'ncdu/du' say...how can that be?

If you have any data in the real /boot and /data directories on your root partition, they are not visible while you have another filesystem mounted over those directories.  You can check their contents without the other filesystems getting in the way by bind mounting your root somewhere else and then checking there:

mount --bind / /mnt
du -sh /mnt/boot /mnt/data


How to back up my entire system and restore on a different machine?

Cloning

I use Clonezilla and there are other tools that are also good for the cloning task.

But here I focus on the setup of the system itself.

OEM setup

Often you do not want identical systems, but different IDs for the computer and the user. This can be achieved with an Ubuntu OEM installation.

The special setup (installed program packages, tweaks etc) is done while running the oem user. Then the special icon on the desktop is used in order to activate the final installation (to run when booted in a target computer), 'Prepare for shipping to end user'.
A [compressed] image of this system is created (with a cloning tool).
A clone is installed into each target computer from the [compressed] image.
Boot the target computer and finish the setup to create computer ID and user ID.

See this link,

help.ubuntu.com/community/Ubuntu_OEM_Installer_Overview


I'm not sure what you put in your .bashrc but I suspect it is sourcing itself recursively. To reset it to the default, use a GUI method, since you can't use the command line.

The most reliable way would be just to overwrite your broken .bashrc with the system default version.

Open Nautilus (the file browser)
under View click Show hidden files.
Rename your .bashrc to something else like bashrcbroken.
Navigate to the directory etc in filesystem
go into the etc directory and then go into the skel directory.
Right click & copy the file .bashrc.
Go back to your user home directory and paste the file there, replacing the old .bashrc file.

Open a new terminal.