Slow transfer from internal disk to external USB hard disk

I have seen 10Mbyte/sec for cp on a 50G file to an external USB3 ext4 (after starting out at 107Mbyte/sec from a SATA internal disk), so your figures are just a little worse.  Looks like a buffering problem.  tar does allow selecting a block factor (increase its buffer) with the -b switch, and while -b 200000 didn't help, -b 2000000 did get the rate up to 30Mbyte/sec.

Try using nocache from the nocache package.  This keeps the system buffers from filling up and dragging the system to a crawl.  Results of a large file copy were in the 50MB/sec range.


The answer is easy enough, i just need to use ./adb connect instead of adb connect on ubuntu. Thanks :D


Why 'nobody' always starts a new `find` program that always consume my memory?

As you can see from the process tree, this command is run by updatedb, which updates the database for the locate command. The locate command stores this data so that it can give results near instantaneously compared to other means such as find itself. The relevant cron job is /etc/cron.daily/locate, as can be seen from the GUI tool. It seems you're using locate instead of mlocate. mlocate is supposed to do a better job of being resource-efficient. So try installing mlocate first:

sudo apt-get install mlocate

See also: Can I disable updatedb.mlocate?


Why does Ubuntu install default to minimum swap partition size?

Relatively low price of storage? Pfft. I have 24GB of RAM and 120GB of SSD. I'd strongly mind if I lost 48GB of SSD to swap.

This question deals with the high-RAM views in the industry. Basically, if you have tons of RAM, it's unlikely you're going to need tons of swap unless you're dealing with very specific workloads that could force things into swap.

RAM+.5GB simply ensures there's more than enough to push all of RAM into swap at hibernate without too much of a fight. That should cover most behaviours.

If you're on a low-RAM system, you'll probably need more.


Installing Ubuntu Server 17.04 and "Install the system" fails

There are a number of potential issues. I've listed them in order of likelihood:

The ISO file is corrupted. Perhaps you downloaded it from the wrong page, perhaps it was corrupted during or after the download. There is a small chance the download server has a corrupted ISO - either through chance, accident or malicious attack.

To check your ISO file run the following command:

sha1sum /path/to/isofile.iso

For Ubuntu Server 17.04, it should be 61479ab49395ac7374c1d0e2226267d997653715. If yours is a different version of Ubuntu (e.g. 32 bit) you can find the sums here.

If your SHA1 sum doesn't match the advertised one, you've got a corrupted ISO. Redownload it from the Ubuntu server here.
The disk is damaged - physically or in the partitions. Try repartitioning it, if you can't you may need to wipe the start of the disk.
The disk is too small for Ubuntu Server 17.04. It could be that 4GB is simply not enough space - although that seems unlikely - the Wiki says 1.5GB is enough.

My pronouns are He / Him


Can I change from Recent apps to Most frequent apps

You cannot do so without changing the source code. Ubuntu, till now, does not provide any option to change this behaviour.

However, this link can be of some help: How to remove “frequently used programs” from menu dash?


Google Chrome lost the up-to-date Flash Player

Edited 2017-02-28

It has happened some things with Flash recently:

Previously Flash was shipped with Google Chrome, but it isn't any longer in the same way as before.
Hence the pepperflashplugin-nonfree package is currently broken, even if it is about to be fixed (new download location).
Chrome ships Flash bundled with Chrome, and there is nothing extra which needs to be done if you use Chrome.

adobe-flashplugin provides Flash plugins for other browsers, both Firefox and Chromium/Opera/Vivaldi.

Try this:

Close Google Chrome.
Remove both adobe-flashplugin and pepperflashplugin-nonfree.

sudo apt purge adobe-flashplugin pepperflashplugin-nonfree

Open Google Chrome and check if it made a difference.

My experience is that you may need to close and reopen Chrome a couple of times before Flash starts working.


How to monitor data usage for each account using 'squid'?

You can use SARG:

  Sarg - Squid Analysis Report Generator is a tool that allow you to
  view "where" your users are going to on the Internet. Sarg provides
  many informations about Squid users activities: times, bytes, sites,
  etc...

Sample reports.

Manpage.


I was partitioning my hard disk but there is something wrong?

NTFS Partitions to share file with Windows

A couple of notes on what you seem to be doing:

You are formatting sda7 and sda8 as Ext4 not NTFS. Windows will not be able to access this partition format. Why not leave this space Unallocated, unasigned to any partition and later create the NTFS partitions as you need them using a partition tool like GParted(can be installed from repositories).
If you really want to create this Ext4 partitions you don't need to set a mount point for them. This will only mean they will not be automatically mounted when you boot up. They will be visible in the Files(Nautilus / Ubuntu's File Manager) as another hard drive you can access just with a click.
You should be able to format these drives as NTFS from the get go. I am not certain how the menu on the installer works but you should format them as NTFS and not Ext4.

I would need to access an installation media to help you with more details. If you need more help with the steps let me know on a comment.

Partitioning in Ubuntu

In Ubuntu partitions are not assigned letters. Any partition that you create will be place inside the directory tree like another folder.

/ is called the root. This is the lowest level in the directory tree.
/home/ is a folder directly under root that is generally used to store user specific data. You will have many subfolders: /home/username1, /home/username2/, /home/username3... These folders are created only for user that are real people; some users are used to run services(transmission-daemon) or are system specific(root). For these other user there won't be a home folder.
When you mount a disk in Ubuntu from the file explorer(nautilus) it will create a new folder under /media/. The folder name is not important, it will be generated automatically. When you unmount the disk the folder will be empty and if automatically generated also deleted (will not appear anymore).
I would suggest you turn sda7 & sda8 into NTFS formatted partitions and mount them at /media/somefoldernameyoulike. So that you can easily access them on every boot. These however is not requiered.

Your Case

I would suggest you do not create the /boot/ & /tmp/ partitions as you don't seem too familiar with the system. Create the /home/ partitions and make it bigger!. Your everyday files will generally be stored under /home/ partition.

Your swap partition should be as big as your ram memory in order to be able to activate hibernate at some point.

Good day.


Built an ISO with remastersys but it doesn't boot?

You can Use:

Customizer

It allows you to customize them the way you want to within the matter of few minutes (on a modern PC) running Terminal, Synaptic, Desktop session (in chroot environment) and even more so you can modify the images to fit your needs.

To Install it:

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:customizer-dev-team/devel
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install customizer


You can scale screens independently from built in settings:

settings -> devices -> screen display

Click on the monitor you want to change then choose appropriate scale.

If you need more customization you could use xrandr (built in configuration utility to the RandR (Resize and Rotate) X Window System extension). it does affect the resolution though.

use xrandr | grep 'connected' to find active displays, identify which monitor you wish to change. The part you're after is the characters on a new line before the first space.

for me: eDP-1

Then you can use xrandr --output eDP-1 --scale 0.5x0.5

Edit: Then you can use xrandr --output eDP-1 --scale 2x2 to zoom out (0.5x0.5 zooms in)

For more indepth use of xrandr scaling without the negative side effects you could try reading this blog. Looks legit, but not tested.


How to run commands on shutdown with systemd?

Here's an example of a simple service that performs a task before shutdown. Please note that the default dependencies are disabled by the DefaultDependencies=no option (I guess omission of this configuration is the main reason why your oneshot unit file is not working). As pointed out by other comments, it's probably a good idea to have the RemainAfterExit=yes option too. I also agree with the concerns about timeout made in the comments  .

[Unit]
Description=SleepBeforeShutdown Service
DefaultDependencies=no
Before=halt.target shutdown.target reboot.target

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/bin/sleep 30
RemainAfterExit=yes

[Install]
WantedBy=halt.target shutdown.target reboot.target

After editing your service unit file run
systemctl enable yourservice.service and reboot. After that, any time you run shutdown, halt or reboot, the type-oneshot service will do its thing first before the system proceeds with actual shutdown/reboot.

Edit
I've now found a previous post where the same solution was offered. I do not have the credits to post comments with a link to the question above, so I'll leave my answer as is (even though, strictly speaking, it's a duplicate)
(Moderators, please remove this post if it violates the rules)

Edit 2
And yet another old post with the same answer.


Type in ifconfig if you're using gnome network manager to view your 2nd interface which may be wlan1 or something similar to lpqrso0, if you're not using gnome network manager use ip

Then in the Network Manager file you want to have the wireless adapter as a hot plug

It may also help if you had dhcp set up so your system could determine what is set up.

You're question is kind of vague, can you please upload your journalctl or a similar Auth log, followed by the commands you were given to take down these interfaces


Unable to install python3-tk in my ubuntu machine 16.04

Open the terminal and type:

cat /etc/environment

Check if there is a line in /etc/environment that contains the string CLASSPATH which doesn't belong in /etc/environment. You should comment out everything from /etc/environment except for the first line (the setting of PATH which starts with PATH=) by preceding each line to be commented out by a # character. Open the /etc/environment file for editing in nano text editor with the following command:

sudo nano /etc/environment

Nano editor keyboard shortcuts
Use the keyboard combination Ctrl + O and after that press Enter to save the file to its current location.
Use the keyboard combination Ctrl + X to exit nano.


Why is my system freezing when I switch users

I fixed the problem but I'm not sure what caused it.

I renamed /var/lib/lightdm/.Xauthority to /var/lib/lightdm/.Xauthority-bak
I did the same thing in my home directory.

sudo mv /var/lib/lightdm/.Xauthority /var/lib/lightdm/.Xauthority-bak
mv ~/.Xauthority ~/.Xauthority-bak

Then I restarted lightdm

sudo service lightdm stop
sudo service lightdm start

Works fine now. One of the files was corrupted, but I'm not sure which one fixed it.


Compiz place windows not working at login

Maybe add a startup delay to 'compiz --replace' and see if that solves your problem.
You may need to write a simple bash script and add that to startup if the following doesn't work for you.


Just upgraded from 18.10 to 19.04 in HP Elitebook but orientation option is missing in display setting and display is messed up

Remove below sensor:

sudo apt-get remove iio-sensor-proxy


Your server probably wasn't shut down nicely, so the filesystem wasn't unmounted correctly. In such situations you risk having to run fsck manually to ensure filesystem consistency.

Just run fsck -y /dev/sdxx where sdx is the disk mention in the text above the prompt.


Nvidia driver causing flickering in menu?

Make sure "Sync to vblank" is checked in "OpenGL Settings" in nvidia-settings
In CompizConfig Settings Manager, make sure your actual refresh rate is set in "General Options > Display Settings > Refresh Rate", "Sync to vblank" is checked, and "Detect Refresh Rate" is unchecked.


How do I create a bit identical image of a usb stick?

dd it!

Usage would be something like sudo dd if=/dev/sdb of=~/USB_image where /dev/sdb is your usb drive as listed by sudo fdisk -l and ~/USB_image is the image file where the copy will be made (a path where the image file will be created).

To restore the image to another USB drive just invert the process: sudo dd if=~/USB_image of=/dev/sdb will restore ~/USB_image to the device sdb. Just make sure that the new USB drive is as big or bigger than the original one.

You can also mount the image file you just created into a path without need to restore it first to another USB drive with mount ~/USB_image /mnt/USB_image -o loop.


How do I get WiFi working on my Dell Inspiron 1501?

I believe the proprietary driver is incorrect for 14e4:4311. Please get a temporary wired ethernet connection and do:

sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Reboot and let us hear your report.


Ubuntu crashes constantly and is upset with my video card. What can I do?

Do not try to install the xserver-xorg-video-intel package because your system could be damaged.

Ubuntu 12.04.2 has not this package installed by default , instead it has

xserver-xorg-video-intel-lts-quantal

The kernel as Xserver as well , have been backported from Quantal(12.10) into Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS.

See the results of below commands

apt-cache policy xserver-xorg-video-intel-lts-quantal
apt-cache policy linux-image-generic-lts-quantal

As for the crash , it seems (to me) as an apport crash itself. Sometimes this can be happen. See here on how you can disable apport and then keep track on your system to see if you actually have a real problem or not.

A system full update is always useful , so apply the commands below in a terminal

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


What's the right way to install systemd-boot?

I followed a variation of the page you refer to, minus the Secure Boot options.
Unfortunately, once the changes are made, Ubuntu's linux-generic, linux-headers-generic, and linux-image-generic insist on installing GRUB in addition to the systemd-boot installation, and set GRUB as the default boot option at each apt update of the kernel.
As a result, the box no longer boots using systemd-boot at the next reboot.  So what seems to be needed is a final command to run efibootmgr to re-set the boot order to use "ubuntu" again.
To prevent this hassle, I think Ubuntu's linux-generic, linux-headers-generic, and linux-image-generic DEB packages should be configured to accept either GRUB or systemd-boot as accepted bootloaders, rather than forcibly installing GRUB.


Youtube showing horizontal lines when full screen in google chrome

Hey I had the same problem and I realized that my browser zoom was at 125%. If you bring it back to 100% then the black line goes away in full screen.

To change zoom press Ctrl+- or Ctrl++ depending on what way you need to go to get back to 100%.


How do I install the latest version of Git with apt?

Use the PPA from the maintainers of git on Ubuntu:
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:git-core/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git

If you don't know what PPAs are, first read What are PPAs and how do I use them?
If you receive an error about add-apt-repository command not found you  need to install software-properties-common, and then redo the above steps.
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common


As my search karma or usage isn't very good and also props to the comment.

What is the easiest way to resolve apt-get BADSIG GPG errors?

Solves the entire problem, especially answer #3.


Is there a way to install Ubuntu on a 64-bit x86 SBC with /boot in FAT32 and additional files be added during the installation?

I was able to fix the problem by creating another /boot SD which was already FAT32 formatted and copied the Ubuntu EXT4 /boot SD to the FAT32 formatted SD. Then I changed the /etc/fstab to the uuid of the FAT32 SD and installed the rootfs from the timesys build and installed it to my Ubuntu MicroSD from a LiveUSB Ubuntu Mate 16.04. Ubuntu made clear that the FAT32 SD could not be booted, so I had to have it claim itself to be EXT2 while still actually being FAT32, then had to work for many hours to prevent Ubuntu from checking the formatting of the /boot SD upon booting. Not easy, but done.


What is the command to delete a directory that has files in it?

rm -r directory

or

rm -rf directory

an explanation can easily be retrieved with man rm, here is an extract:

-r, -R, --recursive
          remove directories and their contents recursively
-f, --force
          ignore nonexistent files and arguments, never prompt

also from man rmdir:

rmdir

Remove directory, this command will only work if the folders are empty.


Headphone is not working for ubuntu 14.04

From Windows , do a real shutdown (not reboot) and retest.
If not ok, disable  "Fast Boot" (see this answer)


First of all which Application are you installing? It is always preferable to install through the native Package Management as the Package Manager will handle the location, updates, paths and the launchers (shortcuts) for you. Also updates would be handled. You should ideally search for the package in the Software Center or Synaptic. PPAs can be used if the software is not in the default repos.

However if you are sure of installing this package, use /opt directory, /opt/appname for example. /opt would be suitable for this kind of installs. Launchers may or may not be created depending on the installer. You can create a launcher manually if the installer doesn't create. You may also use $HOME/bin for putting all your apps.


If it told you that it installed, then it almost certainly installed.

If you installed Ubuntu, and then rebooted to find that it appears not to be installed, that almost always means the GRUB2 boot loader did not install properly.

You can fix this by reinstalling GRUB2 to the Master Boot Record using any of these methods.

(Or see here. Please note this applies even when the cause of the problem is not a recent Windows installation.)


How to make Samsung multifunction printer work under Ubuntu?

Here are the necessary steps I had to perform:

Ignore all Samsung Provided CD’s and downloads. They do not work under Oneiric Ocelot (11.10)
Add Samsung Unified Driver repository http://www.bchemnet.com/suldr/smfpv3.html
Install Samsung drivers and libsane-extras
Edit sane configuration files

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
#add the Samsung Unified Driver Repo
deb http://www.bchemnet.com/suldr/ debian extra

wget http://www.bchemnet.com/suldr/suldr.gpg
sudo apt-key add suldr.gpg
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install samsungmfp-data samsungmfp-driver samsungmfp-network samsungmfp-scanner samsungmfp-configurator-data samsungmfp-configurator-qt4 libsane-extras

The following sane config files need to be modified (add lines)

sudo vim /etc/sane.d/xerox_mfp.conf

# Samsung SCX-3400
usb 0x04e8 0x344f

/lib/udev/rules.d/40-libsane.rules

# Samsung SCX-3400
ATTRS{idVendor}=="04e8", ATTRS{idProduct}=="344f", ENV{libsane_matched}="yes"

The entries above are for the SCX-3400 model. To find the USB ID’s for other models use

sane-find-scanner

I used USB ID: vendor=0x04e8 device=0x3456 instead.

Source:

http://www.gaggl.com/2012/04/installing-samsung-multifunction-printer-ubuntu-11-10/


Problems installing LabView Community Edition

I had this problem too.
According to national instructions, you must install as root, with su (here I think sudo works).
You must start the program as root (I am using su). Here you may have problems if your default browser is Chrome or Chromium (they have security restrictions as root). I solved this by installing Midori and configuring it as the default browser (sudo update-backups --config x-www-browser). Authentication works with this ...


How can I get BIG-IP Edge vpn for Ubuntu 18.10? Or can I use any alterantive?

You can download it only after proper registrations (it's free).

Go to http://downloads.f5.com, it will redirect you to login page. There you have a register link. Just register, follow instructions on mail, and then you just have to login to be able to download software.

For BIG-IP client there is a big .iso (APM Clients, +200MB) with all the BIG-IP clients for all platforms. Download it, extract it, find yours and you are ready to go.


How can I search for a package, using APT, by it's name only?

For that purpose, you can simply use:

apt search --names-only package_name

The flag --names-only will make the search take into consideration just the field "Package (name)". This can reduce the number of results significantly.

If you have, or want, the exact name of the package, you can instead use:

apt list package_name

For instance:

apt search vim

returns more than 100 packages (package description considered for the query).

apt search --names-only vim

returns around 50 packages (package description not considered for the query).

apt list vim

returns only 1 package (package-name exact match).


Download freeware Clonezilla ( https://clonezilla.org/downloads.php ) and make a bootable CD or USB stick with it.  Clone your old drive to some other connected drive.  (Clonezilla can mount USB drives).  Restore the clone to the new drive.  If the new drive is larger, use a bootable drive with gparted on it to resize the partition afterward.

Clonezilla comes from Taiwan, complete with rather lumpy English, but the prompts are correct and the product works.


How do I upgrade from Ubuntu 16.04 to 16.04.1

Quotes from https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/07/28/ubuntu-version-16-04-point-1-is-out/.

  If you are already running 16.04 LTS you will have been receiving updates incrementally and there is nothing more for you to do. If you’re installing afresh then you should download the 16.04.1 ISO image from the Ubuntu website, the web team will be updating the default download links as soon as the images are published.

So yeah, if you happen to update on or after the date 28 July 2016, then your system should have 16.04.1 automatically.

If you didn't receive .1 point release, run following on terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

To verify you are running 16.04.1, run cat /etc/os-release | grep VERSION=:

Liso@thinkpad:~$ cat /etc/os-release | grep VERSION=
VERSION="16.04.1 LTS (Xenial Xerus)"


I had the exact same situation upgrading from 19.10 to 20.04 with a HP laptop and Skullcandy Bluetooth headphones: Using the sound panel and changing the output to the headphone does not work. However using the pulse-audio volume control and switching the output to the headphone redirect the sound to them.

Pulse audio should be installed but in case it is not:

sudo apt install pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-bluetooth

To the Ubuntu team: that is a bug to be fixed.

Cheer!


Try this:

Start in text-only mode

Switch on your computer. Wait until the BIOS has finished loading,
and press and hold Shift, which will bring up the Grub menu.
Select the line which starts with Advanced options.
Select the line ending with (recovery mode)
Press Return and your machine will begin the boot process.
After a few moments, your PC should display a menu with a number of options, including Drop to root shell prompt. Press Return with this option highlighted.

The PC will start in a terminal. Run these commands:

Mount partitions in read-write mode

mount -o remount,rw /
mount --all

Edited on 20-05-2018

Start networking:

systemctl enable NetworkManager.service
systemctl start NetworkManager.service

Update repositories

apt update

Install aptitude and deborphan

apt install --reinstall aptitude deborphan

Eliminate the components of budgie that are not necessary in Ubuntu

aptitude remove '?and(?reverse-depends(budgie),?not(?reverse-depends(?exact-name(ubuntu-desktop))))'

Reinstall ubuntu-desktop

apt install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

Eliminate orphan packages

deborphan
apt --purge remove $(deborphan)
deborphan --libdevel
apt --purge remove $(deborphan --libdevel)
deborphan --find-config
dpkg --purge $(deborphan --find-config)

Remove unnecessary packages

apt autoremove

Remove downloaded packages

apt clean

Restart system

reboot

When restarting, remove the budgie ppa.

sudo ppa-purge ppa:budgie-remix/ppa
or
sudo ppa-purge ppa:ubuntubudgie/backports


Ubuntu MATE 15.10 menu bars not displaying correctly

Found a solution for VLC.

Navigate to Tools>Preferences.

Under interface, click the dropdown menu for force window style. Select "GTK+."

Fixes it all. Not just the menu items, but also right-click menus, interface, etc.


Why does installing Kubuntu-desktop prompt me to remove "lpr"?

lpr is the BSD print spooler and utilities. It typically isn't used in the various *buntu flavors (Ubuntu, Ubuntu Gnome, Ubuntu Studio, Kubuntu, Xubuntu, and Lubuntu) anymore. A newer variant, included in the cups-bsd package, provides the same functionality and includes support for Internet Printing Protocol.

The package kubuntu-desktop recommends the package cups-bsd. It replaces the lpr package -- that's why the package manager wants to remove it.

As to why you have lpr installed now, hard to say. Given that cups-bsd is standard across the *buntu flavors, I'd say you're safe to proceed.


How to disable network printer discovery in Ubuntu 18.04?

Answering my own question, the only solution I found so far is disabling avahi:

sudo systemctl stop avahi-daemon.service
sudo systemctl disable avahi-daemon.service
sudo systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket
sudo systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket

I would love a better solution of course.


Ubuntu 12.04 + Intel GPU: random freezes

2D Acceleration on Intel graphics has been a little unstable lately. Tough to duplicate but it seems to have made its way upstream -- I was having the same problems on Edgers a few weeks ago that you guys are now having on stable, and my problems have cleared up meanwhile.

The solution for now (if you don't want to switch to an unstable branch in search of stability) is not to use 2D acceleration in any application (Skype and VLC are also prominent ones, but I believe both allow you to shut it off). It'll cause slightly higher CPU usage but no other issues.


You correctly linked to an issue with an update of ghostscript, which causes the problem. The bug is reported.
To work around the issue, try downgrading to the previous version as suggested in the bug report. Although you are a beginner, easiest way is to open the terminal, copy the following command and paste it in the terminal:
sudo apt install ghostscript=9.25~dfsg+1-0ubuntu1 libgs9=9.25~dfsg+1-0ubuntu1 libgs9-common=9.25~dfsg+1-0ubuntu1

This will install the slightly older ghostscript version, replacing the current erroneous one.
Now, any attempt to update the system would also update the package again. To prevent that from happening, you can temporary "lock" the current version. You can do this with synaptic package manager, but it might be easier with a command:
sudo apt-mark hold ghostscript libgs9 libgs9-common

This command locks the currently installed version, i.e., the good one you installed with previous command, preventing it from being updated.
When the bug is solved, you may again want to "subscribe" to the updates. Unlock the current version with the command
sudo apt-mark unhold ghostscript libgs9 libgs9-common

From then on, the packages will again be updated as updates become available in the Ubuntu software sources.
The quality control of the Ubuntu software sources is good. This does not prohibit an erroneous update from slipping through now and then.


Not allowed to change mode even with root privileges

The reason this was happening was because the data wasn't actually stored in folder/, it was stored in a different location and was mounted to folder/. I had to find the real location of the data and change the mode there, which allowed me to remove the folder afterwords.


System configuration of Ubuntu written in Python. So It needs proper installation and compilation.

You try reinstalling Python, try to install and compile using the following commands,

# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.4.1/Python-3.4.1.tar.xz
# tar xJf ./Python-3.4.1.tar.xz
# cd ./Python--3.4.1
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/python-3.4
# make && sudo make install

To get Python compilation components(if not exists in your s)do the following,

$ sudo apt-get install build-essential


Upgrade very old EOL version of Ubuntu to recent one without fresh install

I've done 8.10 through 9.04, 9.10, 10.04 to 12.04 in an afternoon.

The only "direct" upgrade (almost certainly the best and fastest route for you) is to get your data off the machine and clean install. It sounds nasty but honestly, it's probably going to be a better end result than anything else.

You can't skip normal upgrades because a package upgrade (especially when going from one release to another) is transformative. Scripts execute that update config files and move data around.

This works in a LTS setting because time and effort is spent working out what all those transformations are going to look like as one. That's just not a process that's sustainable for every little release.


Questions about running off an external USB

I'm going to answer this in a different order than you asked because it makes more sense that way.

A live USB simply means that you'll install Ubuntu from the USB. You only need a USB large enough to hold the .iso. After you finish installing, it's on your hard drive and all you have to do is run it, so yes, applications and games can be run from there. Next, I'll explain installation for you.

First, your USB only has to be 4 GB (that's the most common one so it's great). Before you start, make sure you have a .iso downloaded (a disc image). If you're looking for one to use, click this link. Make sure you download the right one. You should be running 64-bit. Next (I assume you run Windows?), you'll download this lovely peice of software. Install and run it. You'll get something that looks like this:

Notice the how all the options are. Make sure yours looks for something like this. All you really need to do is choose the correct device (whatever your USB is) and then go down to "Create a bootable disk using." Make sure "ISO image" is selected and then click the button next to it. It'll take you to File Explorer. Navigate to your .iso file and select it.  Check start and let it run. When you finish, open the USB and run Wubi. Select install when you get there.


Is it possible to remove all the packages installed from a specific repository?

The easiest way is with synaptic

select 'Origin' on the left
select the repository you want above (there are two for multiverse)
sort by status by clicking on the icon

Now you are able to uninstall the packages by repository.


Looking at this like a virtualization problem doesn't help. Ask yourself, how would I boot from iSCSI in the real world? The answer is you need an iSCSI initiator. Virtualization isn't magic, it emulates a common computer with common peripherals, you can add new peripherals, albeit virtual ones, just like could in the real world. In this case the gPXE project provides an option rom that can be fed to QEMU to add the additional ability of an iSCSI initiator. Everything else is an exercise for the reader. Good luck!


Broadcom Cooperation BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY Driver

Go here b43.zip

Download the b43 zip file to a flash drive then drag and drop the file to your ubuntu desktop. Right-click it and select Extract Here. Open a terminal and do:

sudo mkdir /lib/firmware/b43

sudo cp Desktop/b43/* /lib/firmware/b43

sudo rmmod -f b43

sudo rmmod -f ssb

sudo modprobe b43

if you have not installed any other wireless driver your wireless should now be working.


So step 1 is adding the repo

Step 2 is to update and finally

Step 3 is to install

An example of this is the following

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install wine

The adding of the repository enables you access to said repository.

The update performed after is so that your system recognizes the changes that have been made. The change in this case being the addition of a repository.

The install command run afterwords is what actually installs the program.

In short adding a repo and updating the system doesn't auto install the program you want. You still need to apt-get install it.

I suggest that you try and uninstall the program, remove the repo and repeat the steps I've listed. Or simply go through the software center. It's possible that something broke during your install. We'd need some terminal output to assist further.

There is a difference between repositories and PPA (Personal Package Archives). Please see this link for more information regarding them.
What's the difference between a PPA and a repository?


Wireless Drivers/Aeroplane mode stuck on

Is the module hp-wmi loaded? Check:

lsmod | grep wmi

If it is loaded, try removing it:

sudo modprobe -r hp-wmi
sudo rfkill unblock all
rfkill list all

If this is helpful, I will edit the answer to add instructions to make it permanent.

It has been suggested that resetting the BIOS to defaults is sometimes helpful to get the airplane mode button to function. Please try it.

If none of these steps are helpful, I suggest that you file a bug against hp-wmi: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/

Finally, there are even more drastic steps: http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/UserDocs/MiniPCI


Maximize and Minimize Buttons disabled on my Quickly application

Only way I found to re-produce your problem, was to change the Type hint in the general tab - in the window properties . Try changing that back to Normal, if not already done.


Firstly, decide which option you want to use. There are only three ways you can use Ubuntu.

Run it as the sole OS on your system.
Run it alongside any other OSs you may have previously installed on your system.
Run it from inside Windows.

For the first two options, you need to boot your system with the live CD or the USB plugged in. For the third option, while you are booted into Windows, run your live CD or USB and you can install Ubuntu as any other application in Windows and boot into it while booting your system.

Since you've not made it clear what you want to do and are referring to "something else", I will assume you want to play with your partitions. If you just want to install ubuntu along side windows or as the sole OS, choose the relevant option. If not, then here goes:

Choose Something Else, this will take you to the partition manager. Here you will see the the different operating systems installed on your hard disk along with their size and file system. This is just like the "Disk Usage" you see in the properties option in Windows for your drives, without the pie chart.
If you have Windows installed, you will most likely see Microsoft Windows XP/Vista/7 with file system as NTFS and its size in bytes.
Alongside it you will see, if any, the unallocated space on your hard disk. This space is currently not only empty, it is unallocated to any filesytem or operating system. This is different from the disk usage you see in Windows as windows does not have control over this unallocated space.
Now you have several options. Each "partition" on your hard disk can be manipulated from here. You can either delete a partition or choose to keep it. You can also make a new partition out of the unallocated space, if any. Note that when you delete a partition, all data is permanently erased and the space added in the unallocated space.
Now you can either choose to delete your Windows partition(not recommended, especially without proper backup) to make space for your Ubuntu install if you dont have enough unallocated space(ubuntu would tell you so) or to make a new partition from the unallocated space and install ubuntu there.(recommended)
Note that making a new partition and installing Ubuntu on it would install Ubuntu alongside Windows, just like in the first option I mentioned earlier. So if you are simply looking to do that, cancel everything, no harm is done yet, return back and choose that option. Its much simpler.
If you wish to proceed with manually setting the partition, then select the unallocated space and press enter. It would ask you some details about the new partition you want to create. For size, allocate as much as you want in bytes(1MB = 1024*1024 bytes), the filesystem(choose ext4), the Mount Point for the install(choose /) and whether or not you want to encrypt your home directory(your discretion).
When you have selected the proper options are described above, then confirm your settings and a new partition will be created and would be named something like /dev/sda2 or /dev/sda3 etc.
if you get the size of the partition wrong the first time, reformat it simply till you get the right size. Just dont play with the existing Windows partition.
When you have what you want, choose the partition and confirm it as the partition you want to install ubuntu on. Click enter and enjoy the show.

That should about get you through the partition manager and teach you a few things as well. If you are afraid of getting stuck, remember the golder rule : Backup First!


How do I add up file sizes in Bash by pattern into array / list?


How to make Expo list windows from all workspaces?

This is not a bug, but a configuration issue. You need to install Compizconfig-settings-manager from the Software Center, and then, when you run it, go to the scale plugin.

From here, you have to set the option "Initiate Window Picker For All Windows" to use Super+w. This will complain of a conflict, but all you have to do is disable "Initiate Window Picker".

You can begin using it immediately.


Can't upgrade due to low disk space on /boot

Your /boot partition is filled with old kernels. It does that sometimes, not sure why it is never fixed. You can easily remove the old kernels if you know which packages they came in.

First check uname -a to check your current version.

Then run the following command:

dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d'

This command will list all packages that you no longer need. I don't like removing them automatically, I like to be in control when it comes to removing kernels. So for every package listed do the following:

sudo apt-get -y purge some-kernel-package

Intermezzo

This intermezzo describes in more detail how the commands work and tries to fix an issue with linux-libc-dev:amd64. Most users can skip this paragraph.

dpkg -l 'linux-*' list all packages that have a name starting with 'linux-'
sed '/^ii/!d; remove all lines that do *not* start withii`
uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/" find the current running kernel version
/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d Remove all lines, except the ones containing the current running kernel version number
s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/ For each line list only the package name
/[0-9]/!d Remove lines that do not contain numbers.

To fix Frederick Nord's issue I think the command can be amended as follows:

dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d;/^linux-\(headers\|image\)/!d'

It basically adds an extra filter:

/^linux-(headers\|image)/!d Delete all lines that do not start with linux-headers or linux-image

/Intermezzo

Where some-kernel-package can be replaced with one of the packages listed. Just beware that you don't remove the kernel packages that are in current use (as listed by the uname -a) eg. sudo apt-get purge -y linux-headers-3.0.0-12 etc.

It can be automated further using the xargs command, but I don't like that. It is a personal thing. However, here's the command to do so:

dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge

This is what my /boot looks like, one spare kernel (2.6.38-11) just in case and 3.2.0-24 being current:

$ ls -l /boot
total 59388
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   730545 Sep 13  2011 abi-2.6.38-11-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   791023 Apr 25 13:51 abi-3.2.0-24-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   130326 Sep 13  2011 config-2.6.38-11-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   140341 Apr 25 13:51 config-3.2.0-24-generic
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root     5120 May 27 17:46 grub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20883146 Oct  1  2011 initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22474219 May  5 09:04 initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    12288 Apr 16  2009 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   176764 Nov 27 11:00 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   178944 Nov 27 11:00 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw------- 1 root root  2656297 Sep 13  2011 System.map-2.6.38-11-generic
-rw------- 1 root root  2884358 Apr 25 13:51 System.map-3.2.0-24-generic
-rw------- 1 root root     1369 Sep 13  2011 vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-11-generic
-rw------- 1 root root  4526784 Sep 13  2011 vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic
-rw------- 1 root root  4965776 Apr 25 13:51 vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic

And file system usage:

$ df -h /boot
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted
/dev/sda5  228M  63M  154M  29% /boot


How do I change the location of Gnome Shell notifications?

Installing the extension Panel OSD. Open the URL in Firefox and enable the extension.

Open the Tweak Tool

and configure your settings

After removing the extension, you have to restart your GNOME Shell via

Alt-F2, type r and Enter


You can add it to /etc/rc.local. This can be used to run scripts and programs on system boot which doesn't have their own scripts for runlevels. It will run as root

Run sudo nano /etc/rc.local and add your line before exit 0

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

python /home/my-sickbeard-install/SickBeard.py 2>&1 >/dev/null &

exit 0

Press CTRL+ O to save and  CTRL+ X to exit.


Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, navigate to your CD drive, and run the command below.

sudo dpkg -i < package_name.deb >

I would recommend running sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade prior to installing.


Bluetooth is not working on hp probook 4540s for several ubuntu versions

After applying the this solution and then executing the commands in this solution, that kinda solved the problem for me, I just still have a problem with deactivating and re-activating bluetooth.
The steps for the solution are:

Download and install the RT3290 driver

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic
mkdir ~/tmp
cd ~/tmp
git clone https://github.com/loimu/rtbth-dkms.git
cd rtbth-dkms/
make
sudo make install
sudo cp -r ./ /usr/src/rtbth-3.9.3
sudo dkms install rtbth/3.9.3
sudo nano /etc/modules

  Add rtbth at the end, then Ctrl+O and ENTER (to save the file) and Ctrl+x to close the editor

Reboot

"Until this point I still couldn't activate bluetooth".

Execute these commands

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:blaze/rtbth-dkms
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rtbth-dkms
sudo modprobe rtbth
sudo rfkill unblock bluetooth

And with this I can scan for devices, send and receive files regularly.

--EDIT--

I found a solution for reactivating Bluetooth on startup (based on solution of this question).

As /etc/rc.local doesn't exist for Ubuntu 18.04

  you'll need to create one and make it executable. To make things slightly easier, you can just paste the following command into a terminal:

sudo install -b -m 755 /dev/stdin /etc/rc.local << EOF
#!/bin/sh
modprobe rtbth
rfkill unblock bluetooth
exit 0
EOF

This creates /etc/rc.local file and put in it the previous commands and executes every startup, just don't turn bluetooth off.


I think you inserted the export PATH=$PATH:/home/ubuntu/Programs/android-studio/bin/ in your terminal. But if you export the new path in terminal it lasts until you close the terminal. To add the path permanently add the following line at the end of ~/.bashrc

export PATH=$PATH:/home/ubuntu/Programs/android-studio/bin/

by opening it from terminal as,

gedit ~/.bashrc

add the line and save it. Next run in terminal,

source ~/.bashrc

done.


WiFi randomly (or under load) disconnects on Ubuntu 18.04 with Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174

I had the same issue, I solved it, at least it seems it works so far, by applying this workaround based on this solution.

Here the workaround:

Replace the folder /lib/firmware/ath10k/QCA6174/hw3.0 with the
corresponding from
https://github.com/kvalo/ath10k-firmware/tree/master/QCA6174/hw3.0
Rename firmware-4.bin_WLAN.RM.2.0-00180-QCARMSWPZ-1 to
firmware-6.bin
Restart Ubuntu

Hope it helps.


I can't format my hard drive with Gparted

Input/output errors are usually caused by hardware problems.  The hardware problem can be as simple as a loose cable, or as serious as failing hard disk drive.

When the error occurs you can open a terminal window and enter the dmesg command to learn more details.

You might also consider using gsmartcontrol to view the disk device health statistics to see if the drive is failing.


Insert > Rows absent from menu after upgrade to 16.04

This is due to some UI reorganisation in LO 5.1, it isn't specific to ubuntu / unity. The "Insert Rows" entry (as well as inserting / deleting columns and so on) has moved to the new "Sheet" Menu:


What is a good itunes alternative with .epub support?

The probably most famous application is calibre. It manages your ebooks and can sync them to your device. Unfortunately, according to the manual, it can sync iDevices only over the air, using wifi and a client app to connect to a local calibre server running on your desktop computer. On Windows and OSX you can link calibre to iTunes and therefore sync via usb cable.

To read details about the usage with iDevices, search for the term "ipod" in this manual: http://manual.calibre-ebook.com/calibre.pdf

You can find the Calibre software here: http://www.calibre-ebook.com/


LXDE some windows are longer than the screen's height

Alt+click on the window and drag the window up. Should work in LXDE.


How to export a Gnumeric table into Latex under Ubuntu 14.04?

This is not anymore in File/Save as, you need to use Data/Export Data/Export into Other Format...


vscode code navigation "Failed to get sources."

For ubuntu users, you could try the command line below

sudo apt install openjdk-{jdk version}-source


Can I install Ubuntu Phone on Galaxy S II using some Nexus image?

If you look here it will show a list of devices that Ubuntu touch is working on: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Devices.  And on the list is the Samsung Galaxy S2, and then if you click on the link you are taken to https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Devices/i9100 which shows the current status and how to install it.

Hope it helps


static ip configuration example

Here is an example for a static configuration of interface eth0 in /etc/network/interfaces

 iface eth0 inet static
    address 10.1.2.3
    netmask 255.255.240.0
    broadcast 10.1.255.255
    dns-nameservers 10.1.2.3 10.1.2.3
    dns-search example.com

For more informations see man interfaces


20.04 - How to change the size and appearance of desktop icons and the way they are handled?

Since some previous versions of Ubuntu..

Desktop Icons are handled by desktop-icons gnome-shell extension.

you can achieve the sizes and spacing you mentioned in Question by editing the extensions prefs.js file. Take backup of the file before editing.

the extensions directory is /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/desktop-icons@csoriano

Original Content:

const ICON_SIZE = { 'small': 48, 'standard': 64, 'large': 96 };
const ICON_WIDTH = { 'small': 108, 'standard': 116, 'large': 116 };
const ICON_HEIGHT = { 'small': 86, 'standard': 102, 'large': 134 };

Edited Content:

const ICON_SIZE = { 'small': 48, 'standard': 64, 'large': 96 };
const ICON_WIDTH = { 'small': 52, 'standard': 116, 'large': 116 };
const ICON_HEIGHT = { 'small': 60, 'standard': 102, 'large': 134 };

I Have Configured the sizes for 'small', you can achieve with other sizes 'standard' and 'large' also.

Above method requires root privileges.. If you need to make changes locally..

Disable the system extension desktop-icons.

gnome-extensions disable desktop-icons@csoriano

create the local extensions directory.

install -d $HOME/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions

Copy the system extension desktop-icons to local extensions directory and rename it as desktop-icons@csoriano-local

cp -r /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/desktop-icons@csoriano $HOME/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/desktop-icons@csoriano-local

Edit the metadata.json file of the local extension like below contents.
Observe that "local" is the main change

{ we need to edit the metadata.json file because extensions directory name and the UUID field in the metadata.json file must match }

gedit $HOME/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/desktop-icons@csoriano-local/metadata.json

Already Edited Content:

{
    "name": "Desktop Icons-local",
    "description": "Add icons to the desktop",
    "uuid": "desktop-icons@csoriano-local",
    "shell-version": ["3.34.0"]
}

Enable the local extension with below command

gnome-extensions enable desktop-icons@csoriano-local

Refresh the gnome-shell with Alt+F2 'r' Enter method.

Make sure you never turn on both the extensions desktop-icons@csoriano (System Extension) and desktop-icons@csoriano-local (Local Extension)


Boot partition full, failed upgrade prevents cleaning

I finally found the answer in this similar question: APT wedged by kernel version mismatch

I manually installed linux-server 3.2.0.74.88 as shown in the answer to that question and everything was sorted. Many thanks to Eliah Kagan for a thoughtful, useful and comprehensive answer.


The instructions that I came upon, that works very well (https://itsfoss.com/failed-to-start-session-ubuntu-14-04/) is to use Ctrl+Alt+F1. --> F1 <-- NOT F2!!! And, the comment regarding the root shell recovery mode turned out to be a godsend! I've been working w/Grub since day one, but never did such an operation occur to me?! Brilliant!


where as the latest one is 2.2.9

Not for 18.04 as that one has 2.0.6. Even Groovy (=20.10) does not have 2.2.9 but will get 2.27.

If you want the latest use their own download and install that. From command line you can also do (adjust VER to the latest version; now 2.2.9):

VER="2.2.9"
wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/vagrant/${VER}/vagrant_${VER}_x86_64.deb
sudo dpkg -i vagrant_${VER}_x86_64.deb
sudo apt -f install

The last command is not needed if there are no missing dependencies.

There is also on unofficial debian repository:

sudo bash -c 'echo deb https://vagrant-deb.linestarve.com/ any main > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/wolfgang42-vagrant.list'
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-key AD319E0F7CFFA38B4D9F6E55CE3F3DE92099F7A4D2BABDFD63EA9ECAB4E09C7228A873EA3C7C705F
sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install vagrant

Mind that you need to trust the owner to not mess with the source.


Batch video convert with FFmpeg in Ubuntu: combine image and audio

Adding sound to a video is straightforward

ffmpeg -framerate 60 -i input.png -i input.mp3 -vcodec libx264 -crf 20 -preset medium -acodec aac -vf scale=1280:-2,format=yuv420p output.mp4

-i input.mp3 The audio filename
-acodec copy Copies the audio from the input stream to the output stream
-s is the output resolution of the video

Basically, just change the input.png to the filename of your picture, and the input.mp3 to the audio file.  Finally, alter output.mp4 to the destination file name you want.

This is a very simple method for doing what you want, but it is possible to script this in the following way:

#! /bin/bash
###################################################################
picture="input.jpg"  # Change this to the file name of your picture
###################################################################
for i in *.mp3; do
  ffmpeg -framerate 60 -f image2 -i $picture -i input.mp3 -vcodec libx264 -crf 20 -preset medium -acodec aac -vf scale=1280:-2,format=yuv420p "${i%.*}.".mp4
done

Put the filename of your picture in the top, paste it into a file, save it as something like convert.sh.  Change the permissions chmod 777 convert.sh, then run it ./convert.sh

It should read all the mp3 files, add a picture and output an mp4 file with the same name as the mp3.

If you want to do the same with wav files or amr, just change for i in *.mp3; do to for i in *.wav; do or for i in *.amr; do.

Hope that helps!

Good luck :)


Acer V3-771 Touchpad detected as ps/2 generic mouse

A new maintainer has agreed to take over the Synaptiks project (just 20 days  ago) and I  imagine it will  take him a couple months to come up to speed.
https://github.com/lunaryorn/synaptiks/issues/55


The system freezes at the log-in sceen after an OS upgrade

Repair Ubuntu/other distro version upgrades the clean way : reinstall

(which is probably what everyone should always do instead of using the upgrade button)

My take on "how to fix the system" especially for a newbie is to do a fresh install.

Don't fret !!!

...this is infinitely faster and easier than any other possible approach and also then what apprehensions people generally have before having done it.

As preparation : using your installation USB you'll copy you home folder to a separate partition or USB/extHardDrive.

Let's do this :

Under Ubuntu Method 1 (good for UEFI boot works on any other linux)

create the installation USB :

Simply download this.
Format your USB 2.0 key to FAT32 using gparted.
(Still in Gparted) Right click on the visualized partition and select "manage flags" tick "boot" and apply.
Now simply mount the iso by double clicking it (this should open it's folder).
CTRL-A
CTRL-C
Go into the still-mounted folder of the formatted USB 2.0 key.
CTRL-V

Under Ubuntu Method 2 (good for Legacy boot)

create the installation USB :

Start up the Ubuntu startup disk creator.
use the same iso.

Under Windows (best and simplest also adaptable both to UEFI and Legacy boot)

create the installation USB :

download rufus, the bootable usb creation app.
still the same iso.
go to the  icon first and select your downloaded iso.
then unfold this :  and select one of the UEFI options if you are booting UEFI if you don't know then it's the default which is "MBR only".

We now have our bootable install USB key. right? if you don't, stop here and ask me.

Now boot to this usb key on your machine if it boots straight to the installer then you'll be given the option to "try first" which you should click, otherwise you should boot to a grub (likely in the rufus approach) allowing you to choose then and there if you want to install straight up or try ubuntu without installing.

We'll now in either three of these approaches have arrived at a live ubuntu desktop (if not stop here let me know). If you're using the "copy home to local partition" rather than the "copy to USB/extHardDrive" approach, now's the time to open Gparted and create said partition or simply to do the copy if the partition or HDD is already available, otherwise have your other USB/extHardDrive on-hand.

copy all of home. you can do this via the graphic approach or the terminal approach.
pinned to the taskbar there should be this icon :

. click it to re-open the same installer you'd get in the install-only boot mode and run it to completion. the "Erase Ubuntu Xenial Xerus and Reinstall" option should work. but if you don't trust that use "something else and partition manually. UEFI boot requires an EFI partition of 550M minimum, Legacy boot does not and a single EXT4 partition with mountpoint / is enough. You can ignore the SWAP warning. if you went the "make a copy partition route" and it happens to be on your install Hard Drive or you only have one HDD remember about it and don't delete it when partitioning.

Remember to select the same name and username you had during install exactly. If you have a doubt as to which box corresponds to which and both are not the same. stop and ask me.

Once booted in your freshly installed new ubuntu go ahead and copy back home.


Grub problems on dual boot windows 10 / ubuntu 16.04 laptop using samsung 950 pro ssd's

Man, I've heard that secure boot support to linux is kinda experimental stuff...
You could try these:
0) Turn off secure boot
1) Download Windows 10 installation media:
2) Follow the steps to fix windows boot. https://superuser.com/questions/460762/how-can-i-repair-the-windows-8-efi-bootloader
It says windows 8, but I think it's the same on Windows 10.
3) Re-install linux, on EFI, without the Legacy Option. To know if you are on correct mode, it boots direct to grub-like menu.


How do you remap the behaviour of the ALT key?

Use the CompizConfig Settings Manager (ccsm) and change the Unity plugin settings:

To install: sudo apt-get install ccsm


Running libreoffice with intel graphics in a dual graphics amd environment

For this adapter you need to install another driver. Run in terminal

sudo apt-get purge fglrx*
sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates

You can see the supported adapters at AMD site.


Ubuntu swap ctrl with alt wirless keyboard - big problem after reboot

You can use xbindkeys instead, this not only allows binding keyboard keys but you can also bound mouse buttons.
sudo apt-get install xbindkeys
bind keys to other keys..
If you want a key on your keyboard to call a different key on your keyboard, you will need an extra piece of software as xbindkeys does not support this on it's own. I know of two programs which we can use, xdotool and xte. I prefer xte so I'm going to use that.
Install it:
sudo apt-get install xautomation
The syntax for xte is like this:
xte 'command key/mousebutton/xyCoordinates'
Examples:
To call a single key press: xte 'key keyName'

To call a key combination: xte 'keydown keyName' 'keydown secondKeyName' 'keyup keyName' 'keyup secondKeyName

To call a mouse button: xte 'mouseclick buttonNumber' (We'll discuss finding button numbers a little latter)

To move the mouse: xte 'mousemove xCoordinate yCoordinate'

And more! Read man xte

Now that you know the command for simulating key presses you can call it from your xbindkeys script, like this:
"xte 'key b'"
Control+b
As you might guess, this calls xte 'key b' when we press Ctrl+b, which would enter a b into any document you might be currently working on.
I thing to note however is that xbindkeys and xte don't always work very well together. Sometimes you have to press the keys exactly at the same time to get output, other times it works just fine.
Other options are Xev and xmodmap
These two comes pre installed in ubuntu.
Xev "creates a window and then asks the X server to send it events whenever anything happens to the window (such as it being moved, resized, typed in, clicked in, etc.)."
xmodmap is a "program is used to edit and display the keyboard modifier map and keymap table that are used by client applications to convert event keycodes into keysyms."


if i update from 19.10 to 20.04 lts will i lose my additional Drivers?

Upgrading to a newer release upgrades all packages that were installed from the default Ubuntu repositories including drivers. Upgrading Ubuntu to a newer release does not automatically upgrade manually installed packages that were download from the internet.

It is possible to allow keeping PPA and third party repositories enabled when upgrading to a newer Ubuntu release (to Ubuntu 18.10 and later) by using the RELEASE_UPGRADER_ALLOW_THIRD_PARTY environment variable.

GUI:

RELEASE_UPGRADER_ALLOW_THIRD_PARTY=1 update-manager -d

Command line:

RELEASE_UPGRADER_ALLOW_THIRD_PARTY=1 do-release-upgrade -d


if your backup folder on the hard drive is "bak", and your ubuntu username is "deepu" do this:

sudo chown -R deepu:deepu /path/to/bak

that should make all the files yours


Where can I find old versions of Acrobat Reader (<9.4) in deb form?

You can find the older versions of Acrobat Reader here:

ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/reader/unix/

It has versions 7.x, 8.x and 9.x.


It is "expect" not except

try apt-get install expect

it is there in ubuntu/debian. I did same but it was misspelled by me, :)


Issue with dependency of R Studio installation in Ubuntu 16.10

First download and install libgstreamer0.10-0_0.10.36-1.5_amd64.deb
Then download and install libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0_0.10.36-2_amd64.deb
Then try installing R-Studio


Where to download and install wireless drive for BCM 4365?

Please get a temporary wired ethernet connection. Open a terminal Ctrl+Alt+t and enter these commands:

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic dkms
wget https://www.dropbox.com/s/jerkl6uqal5ylv3/wireless-bcm43142-dkms-6.20.55.19_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i wireless*.deb
sudo modprobe wl

Detach the ethernet and your wireless should now be working.

If you have no internet access, you will need to download these .deb packages on another computer and transfer them on a USB key or similar from here: http://packages.ubuntu.com/

Please select 'Precise' which is the codename for Ubuntu 12.04. Since yours is a 64-bit system, select, if there is a difference, the amd64 package.

build-essential and its dependencies;
dpkg-dev,
g++,
gcc,
libc6-dev and
make

linux-headers-generic and its dependency;
linux-headers matching your running kernel version. Find out with:

uname -r

If, for example, your running kernel version is reported as 3.2.0-54-generic, then you need linux-headers-3.2.0-54-generic.

dkms and its dependencies not already installed above;
coreutils
module-init-tools
patch

You also need the driver package itself: https://www.dropbox.com/s/jerkl6uqal5ylv3/wireless-bcm43142-dkms-6.20.55.19_amd64.deb

Once you have all these packages on the USB key, drag and drop them to the desktop of the Ubuntu machine. Install them all at once from the terminal:

cd Desktop
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

If a package is missing, download it, add it to the desktop and install again.


I tracked down how to fix the problem.  It appears that this is somewhat of a known bug.  I was able to solve the problem by disconnecting the Ubuntu One account from the computer (by removing the computer from the account) and then deleting the Ubuntu One folder and ~/.local/share/ubuntuone folder, it cleared all of the configuration and when I reconnected the account, all was well.


Trying to install Flatcam on Ubuntu 20.04 but some dependencies are broken

Not directly Ubuntu related, but I can try answer anyway.
It looks to me that you didn't install all dependencies via pip prior to running the script/software.
pip install -r requirements.txt

This installs all packages listed in the requirements.txt file in the root of the repository, which should hopefully resolve all modules necessary to run it.
Run that, then try again, it should hopefully be fine.


Disks has a way to do it, with its --restore-disk-image option; once you have created a LiveUSB ISO image, you can replay it onto a USB Flash Drive to create a LiveUSB.  From its GUI, pick the USB drive on the left panel. Then choose Restore Disk Image... from the drop-down ≡ menu. Many thanks to user68186 for that development!

The preferred method per Ubuntu Tutorials https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu#0 has explicit step by step instructions using Startup Disk Creator to create a LiveUSB from an ISO file.  In step 4, instead of selecting the Ubuntu ISO file, use your other ISO file.

If your USB flash drive is rejected by Startup Disk Creator, then it is failing or has a bad connection. Make sure to plug the flash drive into a socket on the PC, not through a cable or hub.

If it still fails, follow the instructions in How to create a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from terminal? or use a different USB drive.


How do I add spellcheck to a TextView object in my Quickly app?

Currently: no.

The development of the C gtkspell3 seems to be stalled which would be required by the developers doing the python bindings before they can upgrade to support gtk3.

There is some evidence that you can use python-aspell, but it looks like you would have to recreate gtkspell from scratch.


You have GPT disk there are a lot of solutions you can find within this forum no need to create new topic. Check this and read it.


OK, I worked this out. It was a Unetbootin issue. I hadn't formatted the USB stick before putting a new image on there, and as a result it was installing the kernel from the previously installed version (on the USB) to the machines hard drive.

I'm not so sure why the live boot image seemed to work properly if that was the case, but in the end, the fix was to format the USB stick completely and re-image using Unetbootin.


Docker only works with Nvidia drivers upon reinstall

In my case, I had docker installed twice, via snap and apt package manager:
After reboot I had:
$ docker images
REPOSITORY              TAG                  IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ubuntu                  latest               4e2eef94cd6b        3 weeks ago         73.9MB
tensorflow/tensorflow   latest-gpu-jupyter   f0b0261fec71        6 weeks ago         3.3GB
nvidia/cuda             10.0-base            841d44dd4b3c        9 months ago        110MB

If I restart docker service:
$ sudo service docker restart

I have other set of images:
$ docker images
REPOSITORY              TAG                  IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
jupyter/r-notebook      latest               14611e3d9838        2 weeks ago         2.59GB
ubuntu                  latest               4e2eef94cd6b        3 weeks ago         73.9MB
tensorflow/tensorflow   latest-gpu-jupyter   f0b0261fec71        6 weeks ago         3.3GB

$ dpkg -l | grep docker
ii  docker-ce                                  5:19.03.12~3-0~ubuntu-focal           amd64        Docker: the open-source application container engine
ii  docker-ce-cli                              5:19.03.12~3-0~ubuntu-focal           amd64        Docker CLI: the open-source application container engine

$ snap list | grep docker
docker     19.03.11     471    latest/stable  canonical*          -

I restared OS:
$ sudo init 6

and I removed all images created through snap docker:
$ docker rmi $(docker images -q)

After it I removed snap docker:
$ sudo snap remove docker
$ sudo init 6

Now I have a working docker service:
$ docker run --gpus all -p 8888:8888 -v /tf:/tf -w /tf --name tfgpu --rm tensorflow/tensorflow:latest-gpu-jupyter
[I 07:52:52.707 NotebookApp] Writing notebook server cookie secret to /root/.local/share/jupyter/runtime/notebook_cookie_secret
[I 07:52:52.967 NotebookApp] Serving notebooks from local directory: /tf
[I 07:52:52.967 NotebookApp] The Jupyter Notebook is running at:
[I 07:52:52.967 NotebookApp] http://a1d1932a7004:8888/?token=74b0b061e2a1818b865c1f344be904758f9f0dba73b742d3
[I 07:52:52.967 NotebookApp]  or http://127.0.0.1:8888/?token=74b0b061e2a1818b865c1f344be904758f9f0dba73b742d3
[I 07:52:52.967 NotebookApp] Use Control-C to stop this server and shut down all kernels (twice to skip confirmation).
[C 07:52:52.972 NotebookApp]

    To access the notebook, open this file in a browser:
        file:///root/.local/share/jupyter/runtime/nbserver-1-open.html
    Or copy and paste one of these URLs:
        http://a1d1932a7004:8888/?token=74b0b061e2a1818b865c1f344be904758f9f0dba73b742d3
     or http://127.0.0.1:8888/?token=74b0b061e2a1818b865c1f344be904758f9f0dba73b742d3


Where can I find all the milestones of the current Ubuntu development release?

I don't know whether you meant the milestone release dates (as in the previous answer) or the actual images.  If you meant the latter, they'll all be posted to ubuntu-devel-announce when they're released, and the most recent one or two will be available from cdimage.ubuntu.com.  However, we don't keep a full public archive of all the milestone images, so if you're interested in comparing successive milestones then I'd suggest you keep copies of them as we go along.


This worked for me using Ubuntu 18.04 in a VirtualBox.

In Grub menu, press E for edit. Remove quiet splash to get boot in text mode.
Add udev.log-priority=debug. Then Ctrl+X to boot.

You can see the udev messages while booting or after using:

journalctl -u systemd-udevd

For permanent settings, you may set udev.log-priority=debug in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX

Source:
- archlinux - Udev debug output


You could try this, although may cause other issues:

sudo sh -c 'echo "blacklist usb-storage" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf'

Source:

http://www.ossramblings.com/disabling_usb_storage_in_linux


Installation-Allocate drive space/Boot Loader

Open a terminal

type:

sudo apt-get remove dmraid

then type "y" then enter"

This TOTALLY worked. I did it all from 10.10 cd. Must be some RAID code interfering with the install - the new installation is terrible. Thanks for the help.


Make sure you have internet connection.
Try to use

wget http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/

and see what you'll get


There is currently no driver available for this device. You can find it on the unsupported hardware list of the libfprint project.

If you would really want this to get supported, I encourage you to make some logs. With those hopefully someone will take up the challenge to write a driver.

If I can find some free time, I might give it a try to write such a driver, but I don't know whether my development skills will allow me.


How to remove network connections manually that aren't displayed in Edit Connections dialog?

The network connections used by Network Manager are stored in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections. Each connection has its own file with the connection name as its name.

Open a terminal and delete the file associated with your connection with the rm command.

For example,

root@usermachine:/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections# rm filename

Note: You need root privileges to do this.


Two different icons open in launcher for Nautilus Ubuntu 16.10

It's normal to see NTFS partitions in Nautilus. What you shouldn't do though, is to click on the names, and then they get mounted, and you'll be tempted to read/write to them, which in the case of the C: drive (the 161GB name), can corrupt it.

Only if the 552GB is a shared NTFS partition, you might want to click on it, to mount it, so you CAN read/write to it.

To make sure that you don't have problems in a dual-boot configuration with Windows and Ubuntu is to do this...

In Windows...

boot into Windows
open the Power control panel
choose change what the power buttons do
choose change options that are unavailable
uncheck fast startup # this will turn off fast startup
close the Power control panel
open an administrative command prompt window
type powercfg /h off # this will disable hibernation


git : Depends: liberror-perl but it is not installable

Old question with a new answer.

The problem is not always related to unsupported releases nor non installable items. Indeed is incomplete source list available on your system.
Update the /etc/apt/sources.list, in my case using stretch to:

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch main contrib non-free

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free

You can comment the deb-src lines if not needed, then do the standard apt update and go!


How to prevent a non-admin user from executing any files?

You can't. Not effectively at least.
You can mount all user-writable disks as noexec, which will disallow running any binaries places on those disks. This would typically be /var, /home and /tmp. Other places should normally not be writable for the user.
This will preclude any pre-compiled binaries from running. But it will not stop someone running a python script or similar. And you can do almost everything you can in C++ in Python...
Trying to stop users from using things like python and bash will likely render the system more or less entirely broken for them.
You could look into apparmour as well to restrict user permissions. Ultimately, you should set up a threat and risk model, and get a more detailed description of the problem than simply allowing a simple white list. Otherwise you risk ending up with breaking the system by accident, or leaving in stuff that effectively negates the benefits of all your work...


Why some messages are enclosed in backtick and single inverted comma?

The pair of enclosing backtick and single quote characters is not a bash programming language syntax standard, it's a terminal message typographical thing.

Enclosing a snippet of a terminal message in a backtick and single quote violates the normal rule of enclosing text in either a pair of single quotes or a pair of double quotes in order to suggest that the enclosed text is identified as being separate from the other text that surrounds it without also suggesting that the single quotes or double quotes that might otherwise enclose it were a necessary part of the text snippet being identified as separate from the rest of the terminal message that surrounds it. That suggests that the pair of backtick and single quote characters that enclose a text snippet are not part of a command that could be typed somewhere else.

In the example ls is aliased to `ls --color=auto' the string `ls --color=auto' is intended to be interpreted logically by the reader as ls --color=auto if it was typed somewhere else as part of a command, and the pair of backtick and single quote characters in `ls --color=auto' serve no other purpose than identifying that string to the reader as being logically separate from the rest of the terminal message that surrounds it.


Grow two Ubuntu partitions using unallocated space before them

Boot from the installation media a select "Try Ubuntu".
Run GParted.
Using GParted:

Move your /dev/sda7 partition to the left (either as far as possible, or leave some space for possible future expansion of the Windows partition /dev/sda3), and resize it according to the plan.
Then move /dev/sda8 as far to the left as possible, and resize it to the maximum possible.


Running shell script using PHP over http

I got it working.In my case,I was missing the authorized_keys and the known_hosts files in my www-data users root folder.I added .ssh folder under /var/www/.ssh. I previously only moved the ssh key files hence I faced the issue for not able to connect to the git repository over http.


How can I hide the Task sidebar in Evolution calendar?

You simply have to drag the window divider over to the right while the Evolution window is not maximised:

This setting will be retained on restart. Oddly enough to revert these changes you can only easily drag the window open when Evolution is maximized, although I suspect that this is a 'feature' of the Unity Desktop's handling of scroll bars and I have found that with a steady hand this can be circumvented:

Curious...


Missing launcher, top panel without icons, an ATI driver problem?

So it seems that your computer is capable of running Unity 3D.
Try this answer in another question:

ctrl-alt-T for a terminal and run cssm
re-enable your 'unity' plugin
you also may then need to run a
unity --reset

If you don’t have CCSM installed, run sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager


Where to store user settings for an app?

Application runs system wide
the appropriate place to store settings would be:
/etc/[application]/

where a subdirectory is optional.

Application runs in a per user mode
settings should be stored in the user HOME, preferably in a hidden directory:
/home/<user>/<.application>/

See also the Debian FHS.

Applications running in X-Desktop
Applications for the X-Desktop (e.g. GNOME, KDE, Unity, Xfce) should refer to the XDG Base Directory Specification where the following file locations are defined in local variables:

$XDG_DATA_HOME defines the base directory relative to which user specific data files should be stored. If $XDG_DATA_HOME is either not set or empty, a default equal to $HOME/.local/share should be used.

$XDG_CONFIG_HOME defines the base directory relative to which user specific configuration files should be stored. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or empty, a default equal to $HOME/.config should be used.

$XDG_DATA_DIRS defines the preference-ordered set of base directories to search for data files in addition to the $XDG_DATA_HOME base directory. The directories in $XDG_DATA_DIRS should be seperated with a colon ':'.

If $XDG_DATA_DIRS is either not set or empty, a value equal to /usr/local/share/:/usr/share/ should be used.

$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS defines the preference-ordered set of base directories to search for configuration files in addition to the $XDG_CONFIG_HOME base directory. The directories in $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS should be seperated with a colon ':'. If $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS is either not set or empty, a value equal to /etc/xdg should be used.


how to copy or move all files and directory to the other user via terminal command

The command between two users only possible by the root user.

          su root
              (or)
           sudo su

We can copy the files between two users by the following command.

     cp /home/user1/location_of_the_files /home/user2/location_to_paste_file

We can move the files between two users by the following command.

     mv /home/user1/location_of_the_files /home/user2/location_to_paste_file


How to create a deb package that installs a series of files

Below, I'm assuming that the source is open (e.g. Python scripts) which are therefore not bound to any architecture (e.g. amd64 or i386), hence "all". If you have some C source, you need to use Architecture: amd64 i386 in your source control file.

creating package ready for Launchpad

This will eventually will become a series of individual launchpad PPA packages.
What I prefer (but may not be able to achieve...) is to keep my packaging to a minimum - create a series of packages from a template and adjust the bare minimum (changelog etc + the tar file).

Launchpad only accepts source packages, so create a rules that installs the files in the correct places. For convenience, I'll use debhelper. The directory with your files should look like:
debian/changelog
debian/control
debian/rules
debian/compat
mypluginfolder/...

A debian/copyright file may also be useful for informing users about the licenses associated with the package. I don't think you need a postinst script since you only need to extract some files. compat should contain the debhelper compatilbility level, say "8". (please refer to the manual page of debhelper for more details)
The changelog file can be edited with the dch command, available from the devscripts package. The rules (using debhelper) should contain:
#!/usr/bin/make -f
%:
    dh $@
override_dh_install:
    dh_install mypluginfolder/ /usr/share/rhythmbox/plugins

Make it executable using chmod 755 debian/rules. A source package can be build using debuild -S. Be sure to be in a directory named <package-name>-<version>. More information about the override_ behavior and the dh command can be found on its manual page.
The Debian New Maintainers' Guide was very valuable for me to understand this, it's recommended reading. Example packaging can be found on https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/bumblebee-ppa.

creating package from existing file tree
dpkg-deb -b can be used for creating tarballs from an existing file tree. First, start with creating a directory that should be named after your package. I'll assume you want to name it myplugin, and put it in /usr/share/rhythmbox/plugins/mypluginfolder. In addition, create the DEBIAN directory (uppercase!) for storing package information:
mkdir -p myplugin/usr/share/rhythmbox/plugins/mypluginfolder
mkdir myplugin/DEBIAN

Copy over your files:
cp -r ~/mypluginsfolder myplugin/usr/share/rhythmbox/plugins

Next, you'll need a so-called control file located at myplugin/DEBIAN/control which describes the package. The contents of such a file are put below:
Package: myplugin
Version: 1.0-1
Maintainer: You <whatever@contact.address>
Architecture: all
Description: plugins for Rhythmbox
 Longer description here
 .
 As you can see, new paragraph are split by a single dot,
 and lines have to be indented by one space.

Now, you can optionally verify the contents of your package. The next command lists the file and directory entries contents of myplugin:
find myplugin -ls

If you're satisfied, build the package in the current directory:
dpkg-deb -b myplugin .

A new file will appear, named like <package>_<version>_<architecture>.deb which is in this example myplugin_1.0-1_all.deb. You can use the less program to peek in the file. For example, less myplugin_1.0-1_all.deb.


Is there any Ubuntu version for PSP and PS3?

No, there is not. It is currently not possible to have Ubuntu or any other operating system on the PS3. Sony killed the 'Other OS' feature. There is an expception: the 'Other OS' feature is disabled by firmware version 3.21 but still runs on older consoles that have firmware 3.15 or lower. This would mean though that there is no access possible to PSN or any other web feature since this will prompt for a (mandatory) update.

Any other methods installing another OS would be illegal in most countries (if not all). And even if it is not illegal... circumvent Sony's PlayStation 3 security algorithms or run unauthorized software on your PS3 and Sony will sever your access to its PlayStation Network for good. It involves hacking your PS3 but AU is not going to provide you with the instructions to do that.


For example for Ubuntu you need run in terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mysql-server

Start the MySQL service:

systemctl start mysql


How do I revert updates/tweaks to get to a usable GUI?

So something went obviously wrong during installation of updates. Ubuntu keeps, like Windows and other operating systems, log files for the actions it does. The program involved with the updates is called APT and there should be log files in /var/log/.

You can access these logs by pressing Alt+F2 and typing gedit /var/log/apt/history.log. Please upload them so we can dig into this.

Also please:

paste the contents of file /etc/apt/sources.list
(Alt+F2 and type gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
to view this file)
and open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and
upload the output of the command ls -1 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/.


Partition is not mounted but locked (LiveUSB)

Considering that you're using LVM for the partition you want to resize, it's not necessary to boot on a live partition, LVM can do that while the system is up.

See the documentation on the Ubuntu Wiki for more details


Migrate server with Clonezilla to larger disk

Just use a partioning tool like GParted, which comes preinstalled with the live media and resize the partition. GParted should find the right partition table type and file system type, expand the partition and apply the right command to resize the file system.

You could also do this from terminal with e.g. parted and resize2fs (for the default install) from another Linux installation or live media (you cannot resize the root file system online as far as I know), but doing it from the live media with GParted should be the easiest way.


It looks like you removed all traces of wine but installing wine also installed a lot of dependencies. You can remove them with sudo apt-get autoremove --purge
That will remove packages that were installed automatically and are no longer needed.
The packages themself are probably cached in your system. You can also remove them with sudo apt-get clean
If you have never done that, it will free a lot of space.


You should be able to list the members of the sudo group using either

getent group sudo

or

 grep ^sudo /etc/group

There's no need to "go root" to see this information.


The missing library files libpng.so and libjpeg.so.62 are part of the two packages libpng-dev and libjpeg62. You should be able to install them by running

sudo apt install libpng-dev libjpeg62


How can I find out what site a popup ad came from?

You don't mention which browser you're using.

In Firefox, click on History->Recently Closed Tabs, and just re-open one after another until your popup ... well, pops up.


You can use Free ISO Burner.  It is completely free for personal and non-commercial use, no adware and no spyware, you can use, copy, email, install and uninstall as you want.


Pressing on the Home button sends you to your Home, which in your case is the folder /home/neil

You won't find neil inside home/neil, but you'll find all files in this folder.

In order to show hidden files you should press CTRL H (or go to View -> Show Hidden Files Menu)


Unknown Hidden File Eating All Drive Space

One possibility is that some deleted file is still being written to and is expanding:

Deleting a large file does not free up space


Is there windows Bluray player software that runs on wine in Ubuntu 13.10

MacGo Windows Blu Ray Player works very well under Wine. I have used it on Ubuntu till now. I don't really know why nobody apart me is using it. Only issue: you have to register it but is has an acceptable price.


Create a really clean and safe chroot environment in ubuntu

/proc and /dev are need so the chroot can work with the system. End of story.
If you want something more secure your main system, I would point you to some virtual machine. Then all you will have to worry are the virtualisation software and the virtual machine, not the chroot.
No full happiness. People use the chroot, including in enterprise, to secure their systems for years. Do it.


I managed to play using pulseaudio from DISPLAY :1 through TCP (without system mode daemon):

I got the instructions from this blog post which got the fix from here on fedora forums.

cp /etc/pulse/default.pa ~/.pulse/
echo "load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1" >>~/.pulse/default.pa
echo "default-server = 127.0.0.1" > ~/.pulse/client.conf
pulseaudio -k
pulseaudio -D


Virtualbox 5.2.8 freezes Ubuntu 16.04.4 with kernel version 4.13.16

I don't think the issue is specific related to the Version...
Usually Virtualbox issues are related to drivers and accelerated graphics support.
Are you using the latest Drivers ?


Microphone not working with Steelseries 5HV2 Ubuntu 12.10

Ubuntu Community has an excellent guide to fixing problems with the Intel HDA.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HdaIntelSoundHowto


This application does not back up your installed programs. You will have to reinstall them.


how to install jdk in ubuntu without an internet

It depends on the version you want.

Openjdk is in the repositories. You can download the deb file and its dependencies from http://packages.ubuntu.com.

If you want an Oracle JDK then you must download an archive from Oracle and install it. You have good documentation here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Java#Oracle_Java_7


edit /etc/network/interfaces with wlp3s0 instead of wlan0

It is certainly necessary to declare the correct interface, in this case wlp3s0. Moreover, it is necessary to specify a static address in the range of the network you are trying to connect to; for instance, the file you are attempting to copy is in the range of 192.168.1.x. As you can see from your current ifconfig, the address you have now is in the range of 192.168.0.x. A wireless router in the 192.168.0.x neighborhood isn’t going to give you an address of 192.168.1.150.

It is also crucial to select a static IP address that is outside the range used for DHCP. Please see this example of a typical router administration page:

As you see, in this example, the router assigns DHCP addresses from 192.168.1.110 to 192.168.1.159. Therefore, any static IP addresses should be selected either in the range 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.109 or else in the range of 192.168.1.150 to 192.168.1.253.

It is important not to specify a static IP address that collides with an existing device. If you know or can find out the range used in the router, your course is clear. If you do not, you are better off to stick to DHCP. Then, I’d suggest that your file read:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto wlp3s0
iface wlp3s0 inet dhcp
wpa-essid MYESSID12345
wpa-psk MYPASSWORD$1234567


How to deal with spaces and quotes in the command line

Syntax errors means that the shell has trouble interpreting your commands. This is a result of the fact that the shell splits words based on spaces when it parses a command line. Without quotes, each individual part of the argument (such asC:\Program) is treated as a separate argument by itself. You can use quotes to prevent the word splitting:

ni wine "C:\Program Files (x86)\Foxit Software\Foxit Reader\FoxitReader.exe"

This passes two arguments to the ni command: wine and the full Windows path for FoxitReader.

When you tried placing the opening double quote before wine, the shell treated the whole lot of wine C:\Program Files (x86)\Foxit Software\Foxit Reader\FoxitReader.exe as one argument for the ni command.

If you want to avoid similar issues in the future, I’d recommend checking Greg’s wiki for an in-depth explanation on how the shell deals with spaces. You may not understand it all but you should still learn why, when and how to avoid word splitting problems.


Thanks to a comment to my question by xangua, I saw I had added a PPA that was not meant for Ubuntu.  If you follow their instructions at http://www.mono-project.com/docs/getting-started/install/linux/#debian-ubuntu-and-derivatives, be sure to not accidentally add the libgdiplus PPA.


Apt update fail and keep connecting to an weird IP

Oh, I know what happened. When you installed, the installation process asked you if you needed to use a proxy, and you probably said "yes". Now it thinks that that's your proxy for all time. Just remove that line and it should work.


Wifi doesnt work after wake from suspend

Since you know what fixes it via the command line, I'd just place that in a script that automatically runs during wake with the problem solved in a minute or so: how to execute a command after resume from suspend?


dpkg: error processing package w3c-markup-validator

(I wanted to just add a comment to Rho's answer, but I am new here so)
I believe that purging will do the work.
If you:

sudo apt-get remove --purge w3c-markup-validator

Or, in case it doesn't work:

sudo dpkg --purge w3c-markup-validator

Then follow Rho's sequence, it will be fixed.

 sudo dpkg --configure -a

 sudo apt-get install -f

 sudo apt-get update

 sudo apt-get install -f

Regards.


Thumbnails in Nautilus visible only on click

Go to Edit->Preferences and select the Preview tab.  Increase the "Only for files smaller than" size to a value larger than the size of your file(s).


When I create two users with the same UID and GUID but different home directories, my 17.10 Ubuntu fails to boot, why?

It is normally bad idea to edit the /etc/passwd and the /etc/shadow file by hand. I recommend using the system given tools for that. Beside that, while you can have a user share the same GUID with another user, the UID has to be unique for each user. So the boot will most likely fail to either Linux preventing the start of necessary applications and/or to failure of applications expecting the UIDs to be unique.

A better approach of two users sharing a directory is using group management to do that. See the Documentation about user management or browse Ask Ubuntu for possible guides:

https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/user-accounts.html
How to manage users and groups?

However you can create a user by simply issuing the following command:

sudo useradd -U -m -G <additional groups here> <user-name>

This will add a user to your system which will work. Explanation of the above line from man 8 useradd(extremely shortened to only the most usual options, for complete overview view the man page):

  OPTIONS

   The options which apply to the useradd command are:

   -c, --comment COMMENT
       Any text string. It is generally a short description of the login,
       and is currently used as the field for the user's full name.

   -g, --gid GROUP
       The group name or number of the user's initial login group. The
       group name must exist. A group number must refer to an already
       existing group.

       If not specified, the behavior of useradd will depend on the
       USERGROUPS_ENAB variable in /etc/login.defs. If this variable is
       set to yes (or -U/--user-group is specified on the command line), a
       group will be created for the user, with the same name as her
       loginname. If the variable is set to no (or -N/--no-user-group is
       specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group
       of the new user to the value specified by the GROUP variable in
       /etc/default/useradd, or 100 by default.

   -G, --groups GROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]]
       A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of.
       Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no
       intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same
       restrictions as the group given with the -g option. The default is
       for the user to belong only to the initial group.

   -k, --skel SKEL_DIR
       The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be
       copied in the user's home directory, when the home directory is
       created by useradd.

       This option is only valid if the -m (or --create-home) option is
       specified.

       If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the
       SKEL variable in /etc/default/useradd or, by default, /etc/skel.

       If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied.

   -m, --create-home
       Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files
       and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be
       defined with the -k option) will be copied to the home directory.

       By default, if this option is not specified and CREATE_HOME is not
       enabled, no home directories are created.

   -M
       Do no create the user's home directory, even if the system wide
       setting from /etc/login.defs (CREATE_HOME) is set to yes.

   -s, --shell SHELL
       The name of the user's login shell. The default is to leave this
       field blank, which causes the system to select the default login
       shell specified by the SHELL variable in /etc/default/useradd, or
       an empty string by default.

   -U, --user-group
       Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to
       this group.

       The default behavior (if the -g, -N, and -U options are not
       specified) is defined by the USERGROUPS_ENAB variable in
       /etc/login.defs.

So -U will create a user-group similar named to the user-name having the GUID match the users UID. -m will create the users home directory in /home/<user-name> and -G lets you give additional groups to which this user should belong to. You can add groups later on too. The groups Ubuntu adds to the main user are adm, cdrom, sudo, dip, plugdev, lpadmin and sambashare. To add groups later on you can use the following command:

sudo usermod -aG <group-or groups> <user-name>

Finally your user should have a password which you can set with:

sudo passwd <username>

This concludes the user creation process in a terminal.

There is a combined command available too called adduser which automates some of the process you seen mentioned above, for its usage have a look at man 8 adduser.


Shotwell & Nautilus not emailing pictures

You're referring to the Nautilus send-to feature. There's a packaging bug in certain version of Ubuntu (and apparently Debian as well, or so I'm told) that prevents your e-mail client from appearing in the drop down list.

There's a bug report on this here:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nautilus-sendto/+bug/765847

As mentioned in that ticket, the solution for this is here:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=10753508&postcount=5


How do I get the name of a package, modify and install it?

OK, far too general a question, but roughly...

First you figure out which package supplies the software you want to alter (ubuntu is made up of hundreds of separate software packages and there's a number of different ways to figure out which one supplies each installed program/file) then:

apt-get source <packagename>

This will download the source code and unpack it in a subfolder under the current location.

E.g. if I want to change the behaviour of the Rhythmbox music player:

apt-get source rhythmbox

Edit the source code as you please. How to build and run, debug etc. really depends on the program... language, build system, type of software etc. Mostly, linux software projects all use makefiles. There should also be a variety of README files in the root of each source tree explaining how to handle that particular project.

Once you are happy with your changes, to build a replacement package that you can install, you create a new version and run a command (supplied by installing the devscripts package) to build the installable "deb" files. You will find a "debian" folder in the root of the package source code. Edit the file debian/changelog creating a new entry with a new version number and describing your changes. Now run the command debuild to build a new package.

You can use the PPA system in Ubuntu's Launchpad to create your own software repositories and upload your changed source packages there (using debuild -S then dput to upload the .changes file) to be built automatically for all supported architectures and installable by anybody that wants to add your repository to their list.

There's a lot more to it of course, but that is a typical (and "traditional") workflow. I vaguely recall a project called Ground Control that was trying to make it all more point-and-clicky.


How to create a .bz2 file from a directory without using tar?

No; bzip2 and the other compression utilities only compress a single file, so if you want to archive multiple files you need another tool like tar first, then compress the archive.