Is FFmpeg missing from the official repositories in 14.04?

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FFmpeg and libav

libav from the Ubuntu repositories

Ubuntu started shipping the libav fork instead of FFmpeg in recent releases. If you installed the ffmpeg package, then you actually installed the libav-tools package and a program that told you to use avconv instead of ffmpeg in the future, giving the impression that ffmpeg is deprecated, which it is not.

The transitional ffmpeg package seems to have been removed from trusty/Ubuntu 14.04 (compare the package files listing for saucy and trusty of the source package).

So one option is to install the libav-tools package and use avconv instead (NB that this is not "mainline" FFmpeg but a prominent fork instead).

FFmpeg from a PPA on Launchpad

Another option is to use a PPA that provides FFmpeg.  Please have a look at the FFmpeg download page for details of available PPAs and packages. You should check individual PPAs every once in a while if they are still up to date.

Related questions:

Are PPA's safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?

Install from source

Another option is to install FFmpeg dependency packages, then manually compile+install it from source.

Use static builds

While it may look a bit awkward from the packaging perspective, you could also use any static build from trusted sources. In my case I keep FFmpeg Windows 32-Bit and 64-Bit binaries along with x264-10-Bit binaries in a folder to run them in Wine or Windows whenever I need to.

  The following is what I could find, when researching this topic. I haven't been following the development of both projects closely and it is not my intention to blame anyone. You as a reader shouldn't do either.

How did the fork happen?

Wikipedia states that the forked project as well as the initial release were announced on  March 13th 2011, however there is a bit more that was going on.

Digging through Git commits

18 Jan 2011 - commit f4f5cab94e0881cd30965b28f3d78d9c63d6918e

The FFmpeg project leader Michael Niedermayer is removed from the MAINTAINERS file.
27 Jul 2011 - commit 6291d7e41605c0b1e9debfae8a2b1d4cf7b0e0b3

avconv is introduced:

  Make a copy of ffmpeg under a new name -- avconv.

  It will be further developed with a few incompatible changes.

  ffmpeg.c will stay as is for some time, so any scripts using it won't be
  broken.

27 Jul 2011 - commit 791a86c37a03b94207bc2d0ad4cbe7f39d7e495a

A warning is added to the forked version of ffmpeg.c source code, that may be misleading to users who haven't noticed about the fork and that they are not using FFmpeg anymore.
12 Jan 2012 - commit 0fec2cb15cc6ff1fcc724c774ec36abadcb7b6ad

ffmpeg.c is removed from the source code.

Official announcements on libav.org

The following posts are from the news section (with the oldest in last):

  August 09 2011

  Updated on 12.09.2011.

  For consistency with our new name we have renamed ffplay to avplay,
  ffserver to avserver and ffprobe to avprobe. Their behavior is the
  same, just the names were changed.

  With ffmpeg (the command line tool) we decided to use this opportunity
  to fix some longstanding usability problems, which involves breaking
  compatibility. Therefore we have added a new tool named avconv which
  is based on ffmpeg, but has a different (hopefully more powerful and
  easier to use) syntax for some options. ffmpeg will be kept in its
  current state for some time, so no scripts or frontends using it will
  break. However it will not be developed further.

  Differences between avconv and ffmpeg are:

  [...]

  Note that the avconv interface is not considered stable yet. More
  incompatible changes may come in the following weeks. We will announce
  here when avconv is stable.

And earlier in 2011:

  Mar 18, 2011

  We have just pushed another point release from our 0.6 release branch:
  Libav 0.6.2. This is another maintenance-only release addressing two
  security issues.

  From now on, we will be using our new project name libav. But don't
  worry, compared to the preceding release 0.6.1, the only functional
  changes are the two security fixes for the VC1 and APE decoders. This
  means that libav provides a painless drop-in replacement for existing
  FFmpeg installations.

  Moreover, we are proud to accompany this source release with
  executables and libraries for the win32 platform. These binaries
  include H.264 encoding using the bundled x264 library. Enjoy!

  Distributors and system integrators are encouraged to update and share
  their patches against our release branches.

  Mar 17, 2011

  We have just pushed another point release from our 0.5 release branch:
  FFmpeg 0.5.4. This is another maintenance-only release that addresses
  a number of security issues.

  Distributors and system integrators are encouraged to update and share
  their patches against our release branches.

  March 13, 2011

  We, as a group of FFmpeg developers, have decided to continue
  developing FFmpeg under the name Libav. All existing infrastructure
  will be transferred to the libav.org domain.

  Website: http://www.libav.org/
  Git: git://git.libav.org/libav.git (see http://libav.org/download.html)
  FATE: http://fate.libav.org/
  Roundup: https://roundup.libav.org/
  Patchwork: http://patches.libav.org/
  Mailinglists: http://lists.libav.org/ (developer list: libav-devel@libav.org)

  You can update your git repository using the following command:

git remote set-url origin 'git://git.libav.org/libav'

  For now we are still reachable over FFmpeg's mailing lists and IRC
  channels but we will migrate to libav.org counterparts. For a
  transition period both the website and source might still contain
  references to FFmpeg. These will disappear over time, except where
  historically relevant.

  February 24, 2011

  FFmpeg development has moved to Git, and the SVN repository is no
  longer updated. The SVN repository may be removed in a near future, so
  you're recommended to use a Git repository instead.

  The last revision committed to SVN was r26402 on 2011-01-19 and
  replaced the svn:external libswscale with a standalone copy.

Note that FFmpeg development has in fact moved to a Git repository by now and that there are two Git repositories. See the corresponding projects download page.


Run the following command in a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T):

dpkg -l | grep linux-image-.*-generic

Look for the kernel version you want to reinstall then run:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-3.X.Y-ZZ-generic

Of course, you must type the actual kernel version (e.g. linux-image-3.8.0-21-generic) instead of linux-image-3.X.Y-ZZ-generic.


>>> /etc/sudoers.d/python: syntax error near line 1 <<< & based of my mistake in editing python file

I have gone in python folder  and tried :
so@so-notebook:/etc/sudoers.d$ sudo visudo -f python

As you can see at question, but i restated and tried :
pkexec visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/python
From here,and add : in python scrip, so problem solved.


How do I launch a specific application on a specific desktop in Kubuntu 18.04?

This procedure applies to any application.

Open the application and right-click on the title-bar (or press Alt+F3)
A context window opens. In there, choose More Actions > Specific Application Settings

Doing so will open a new window
In the tab Size & Position, click on Desktop and then on the dropdown to the immediate right. Make the appropriate choice. Remember or Force seem appropriate

Then, click on the next dropdown and choose the desired desktop and click the Apply button in the lower right corner (not shown in the image)

You don't have to modify your shortcuts themselves but you need to do this for each application you want to run on specific desktops.

The settings you make using the procedure described above are stored in ~/.config/kwinrulesrc (but this file shouldn't be edited directly by the user).

This rule is to make gedit open in desktop #4

[1]
Description=Application settings for gedit
clientmachine=kububb
clientmachinematch=0
desktop=4
desktoprule=2
wmclass=gedit
wmclasscomplete=false
wmclassmatch=1

and this one is for my virtual machine manager to open on desktop #2:

[5]
Description=Application settings for virt-manager
clientmachine=kububb
clientmachinematch=0
desktop=2
desktoprule=2
disableglobalshortcuts=true
disableglobalshortcutsrule=2
wmclass=virt-manager
wmclasscomplete=false
wmclassmatch=1


How to change my desktop background image "forever"?

Solved. It is related to the use of encryption of the $HOME folder. The wallpaper is loaded before the login process, not after you log in. Therefore, if your wallpaper is stored in your home directory, and if your home directory is encrypted, the login system is not able to read it. To solve this issue, simple store your wallpaper image in a non-encrypted home folder, let's say in /etc, and choose it as default wallpaper as described above.


Adding an additional hdd to my PC in addition to SSD and external hdd

Just install Ubuntu 14.04 directly to your new internal HDD, from a usb flash drive or optical media. If your external drive will not be mounted on any usb port while you are doing the installation of 14.04, your new grub boot menu will only include the list of options 1.Ubuntu 14.04 and 2.Win7 on SSD. Later you may want to format your obsolete external HDD.

This methodology worked for me many times, since grub only checks the boot options of available operating systems and list those when you do an installation.


"no such file or directory, sml" in emacs

Yes, customize user option (variable) exec-path: C-h v exec-path.
See also the Emacs manual, node Shell: C-h r g Shell.


SQLSRV driver installation problem in Ubuntu 16.04 32-bit system

You should follow the official installation instructions from Microsoft.

See: Installing the Microsoft ODBC Driver for SQL Server on Linux and macOS (also PDF manual).

The following steps are copied from the guide:

Step 1. Install PHP

sudo su
apt-get update
apt-get -y install php7.0 mcrypt php7.0-mcrypt php-mbstring php-pear php7.0-dev
php7.0-xml

Step 2. Install prerequisites

sudo su
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | apt-key add -
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/16.04/prod.list > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list
exit
sudo apt-get update
sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install msodbcsql mssql-tools
sudo apt-get install unixodbc-dev
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

Step 3. Install the PHP drivers for Microsoft SQL Server

sudo pear config-set php_ini `php --ini | grep "Loaded Configuration" | sed -e "s|.*:\s*||"` system
sudo pecl install sqlsrv
sudo pecl install pdo_sqlsrv


Lubuntu exFAT: Timed out waiting for device

This is how I fixed the above issue:

sudo apt-get install exfat-utils. Reboot.
Find out the partition identifier with sudo fdisk -l.
Unmount the partition, where /dev/sdXn is the output from fdisk corresponding to /data.

sudo umount /dev/sdXn

Format the partition to exfat:

sudo mkfs.exfat -n Data /dev/sdXn

Run a file system check, like so:

sudo fsck.exfat /dev/sdXn

If good, make an entry in /etc/fstab so that the partition is auto-mounted on reboot. To do this, find the partition UUID, which is given by the command blkid. If a previous entry exists for /data, delete it (formatting changes UUID).

UUID=xxx  /data   exfat     default,nofail     0     2

The nofail is to prevent a disk check from holding up system boot. Reboot.


Newbe: Dont understand description how to sync firefox

The Mozilla instructions seem pretty simple.

Pick one computer (if they are "identical", it doesn't matter which) and set up Sync. We'll call this computer A. You will select "Create Account" to set up the Sync account and the Firefox information will be synced from computer A. If any other device wants to Sync that information, computer A will have to give permission for that information to be shared.

Go to any other device you have (your second computer, a phone, whatever, this will be computer B), except you will now select "I have an account". It will then give you a code.

In order to verify that you are giving permission for this new device to sync, you must go to computer A and put in the code ("Pair a device").

The instructions for exactly how to do this with a mobile device are slightly different but follow the same pattern, and are explained in their instructions.


How can I disable screen blanking without /etc /X11/xorg.conf on Nvidia Optimus laptop

I'm just an ArchLinux user passing through, but I think you can get the desired effect by running:

xset s off

after X has started.

xset lets you set many of the same options xorg.conf controls dynamically after X has started. The xset s options all control settings related to the screensaver. See the xset man page for a list of all the various s options, but xset s off should disable the screensaver completely. You can run xset q again to see what settings have been changed. Without Xorg.conf files, I think xset is your best bet for changing those options.

I'm not sure of the best way to automate xset being run in Ubuntu - possibly you could add it to your ~/.xinitrc file, or maybe a more experienced Ubuntu user can chime in with the canonical way to run commands when the desktop environment starts.

Technically these various options for automatically running commands are "scripts", but I think you'll agree xset s off is a pretty short one.


I created the file \.sh , am I in trouble?

I don't believe you have broken anything. Who cares if the files is not displayed. You have found a good way to hide a file. :)

Otherwise hidden file names are the ones with the dot at the beginning (for instance .bashrc).

You can just delete the file with rm ./\\.sh and there will be no trace of your little experiment.


Ubuntu 16.04 Boot Screen Flickers without `nomodeset` but then freezes

Two ideas:

First:
The error complains about possibly being out of space. You can attempt to recover space by booting into recovery mode from the grub menu and selecting "clean".

You can also attempt to boot into the command line and remove unused packages by running the command:

sudo apt-get autoremove

While in command line, you can also navigate through and delete any documents/pictures/videos etc. you don't need in attempt to clear even more space.

Useful links for the above mentioned ideas:

http://ask.xmodulo.com/boot-into-command-line-ubuntu-debian.html

https://www.howtogeek.com/196740/how-to-fix-an-ubuntu-system-when-it-wont-boot/

Second:
Try starting without nomodeset. For me, I only need to use nomodeset during install, after I update all of my drivers it is no longer necessary.


Xfce is well-designed desktop, so it have needed components for bluetooth, power and so on.
I would recommend to save GNOME Disk Utility in your Xfce system (gnome-disk-utility package).

If not sure what to remove - you can always run a simulation of packages removal with special APT option:

apt-get remove --simulate gnome-control-center

and then decide to remove the package with sudo apt-get remove gnome-control-center or not.

If you want to remove GNOME Stuff completely - you can use the list from my other answer here, but be careful.


How well do AMD Raven Ridge APU's work with linux now?

We use 2 Raven Ridge at home. My wife: R3 2200G, Asus Prime B450M-A, 2x4 Ballistix 2666.

Me: R5 2400G, Asrock AB350M pro, 2x8 Ballistix 3000. Both under Ubuntu 18.04.1.
We are quite happy with these APU. We aren't gamers, those PC are used for photo editing, video and HTPC.

It wasn't too difficult to get stable systems... We had to:

Change the kernels to Linux 4.18 (easy with UKUU).
Get the latest mesa with the Oibaff repository.
Get the latest BIOS for the motherboards.

To install Ubuntu with a live USB, we had to add the option "nomodeset" to the Grub2 (to avoid a split screen).

With the Asrock, I still have some problems to start the PC, it needs sometimes a couple of tries. But when it starts, the system is rock solid. No problem what so ever with Asus.

Sorry for my english.


You cannot "lock" partitions to the launcher in that way. To have it always appear, you would need to configure it to be automounted on boot, or when you log in. Your question is however, also a duplicate of I think, How to mount NTFS drive at startup.


Reshaped HDD, Shared disk part. with Windows, then grub got corrupted

After booting into Ubuntu Recovery Mode, an error raised which said basicly sda2 was corrupted.
So, I ran fsck /dev/sda2
And Ubuntu booted without problem.
It appears that when I re-formatted the HDD, Ubuntu files got corrupted.


I discovered there was an issue with the gyroscope, causing it to for just a millisecond think that it was sideways. This initiated the "Let me turn into tablet mode" before instantly initiating the "Let me go into desktop mode" operation - only showing me the intermediate black screen stage. This was discovered by randomly deciding to go into tablet mode one day, and noticing that the black screen thing happened during the transition, leading me to hypothesize that the gyroscope was the issue. Turning off auto-rotation indeed fixed the issue.


DNS issues with Cisco VPN (vpnc) on 15.04

The problem was that all of our on-network servers are named *.local and this is inherently incompatible with Avahi.  More reading.

The solution I used was to edit /etc/nsswitch.conf and change the following line:

hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns

To:

hosts: files dns mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return]


When installing Ubuntu to a UEFI system i found that I had to press f12 to take me to a 'one-time boot menu' and select my USB stick from the UEFI Boot options in order to load the installation media in 'UEFI mode'. If it's installing in 'Legacy mode' & your system doesn't have the legacy 'MBR boot' as Mark Williams suggested, then check that you're booting the installation media in UEFI mode.

From pHeLiOn and Mark Williams


echo "eval `dircolors ${dircolorsdb}`" >> ~/.zshrc didn't work as I expected

If you want to insert

eval `dircolors $HOME/.dir_colors/dircolors.256dark`

in your  ~/.zshrc as-is just quote it with single quotes:

echo 'eval `dircolors $HOME/.dir_colors/dircolors.256dark`' >>~/.zshrc

If you need a variable to be expanded, use double quotes and nest it or use double quotes and escape ` (or any combination):

echo 'eval `dircolors '"$dircolorsdb"'`' >>~/.zshrc # or
echo "eval \`dircolors $dircolorsdb\`" >>~/.zshrc

This won't work as expected in your case because $HOME is expanded already when you assign the variable, so – you guessed it – quote at least the special character $:

dircolorsdb='$HOME/.dir_colors/dircolors.256dark' # or
dircolorsdb='$'HOME/.dir_colors/dircolors.256dark # or
dircolorsdb=\$HOME/.dir_colors/dircolors.256dark


Sharing computer audio over Zoom or MS Teams

On my system,  I've got skype open and am looking at the Recording tab of pavucontrol. The options on the right are:

Monitor of Built-in Audio Analogue Stereo
Built-in Audio Analogue Stereo
H2 Stereo

That last one is my external microphone.
I turned on spotify playing music and gone back to pavucontrol. Looking at the Input Devices tab, I can see that Built-in Audio Analogue Stereo is set to use the port Internal Microphone. I've turned the slider for that down to silence. I've also turned down my H2 to silence.  Looking, finally, at Monitor of Built-in Audio Analogue Stereo, it's level meter matches what's coming from spotify. If I turn off spotify and make noise near any of my microphones, the meter doesn't show anything.  Therefore, I feel confident it's the audio signal from spotify.
Going to the Recording tab on pavucontrol, I can see skype listed.  On the right hand side, I can see the options listed at the top. All of them are now turned down in the Input Devices tab, aside from Monitor of Built-in Audio Analogue Stereo.  If I play spotify again, that selection is the only one that shows audio on the meter.
If your system is doing something different, that's a problem with Pulseaudio.  This blog post about using Jack and pulse together may show you a work-around: https://www.fossbox.org.uk/?p=240


Scroll bar arrows missing after a recent update of 15.10

You need a theme for GTK that doesn't have those overlay scroll bars. Most pre-15.10 themes should work, for example Irradiance.

You need to use Unity Tweak Tool, Unsettings or a similar tool to select the theme as the official Unity settings only deal with themes for the current version of Unity.


encfs home directory: ssh access dismount after a while

Check the parameters in /etc/security/pam_encfs.conf. On my system, I see the line

encfs_default --idle=1

which triggers an unmount after the filesystem has been idle for 1 minute with no file open. Set the idle parameter to 0 to disable the automatic unmounting. You may set it in a mount-point-specific line instead of the default if you prefer.


How to disable alt+click from moving windows in Unity 2D?

With Unity-2D, this is controlled using the /apps/metacity/general/mouse_button_modifier GConf key. To disable Alt+Click dragging, run

gconftool-2 --set /apps/metacity/general/mouse_button_modifier --type string disabled

To re-enable it, run

gconftool-2 --set /apps/metacity/general/mouse_button_modifier --type string '<Alt>'

Note that this GConf key controls several mouse shortcuts:

Alt+Click: Move windows
Alt+Middle Click: Resize windows
Alt+Right Click: Open a generic window menu

N.B: Disabling the modifier in this way can lead to the Alt+Drag behavior when no modifier keys are pressed (Every drag behaves like Alt+drag)
Setting the modifier to '<SUPER>' makes the Super/Windows key the modifier. Alt+Drag can then be used by applications, and Super+Drag to move the window.

gconftool-2 --set /apps/metacity/general/mouse_button_modifier --type string '<SUPER>'

for Unity 3D

How to disable window move with alt + left mouse button?


Is there a way to restrict the packages installable from a repository?

To set up AptPreferences for a set of packages add a new file in /etc/apt/preferences.d/.

sudo gedit /etc/apt/preferences.d/my-packages-pin

Add add the following lines in that file:

Package: package1 package2
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: 900

I will prevent ppa versions to replace packages provided by the main Ubuntu archives

To check if the package pin version run:

sudo apt-cache policy package1

Visit https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PinningHowto


The Back up files by deja dup takes around 120GB of space. I then compressed it to a tar.gz file but it's still around 100 GB.

To make it smaller, you could try, from the command line:

TARBALL=yourbackup.tar
gunzip -c ${BASENAME}.gz | bzip2 -9 -c > ${TARBALL}.bz2

  Is there a way to compress it down to 10GB?

Probably not.  Compressors aren't magic. Specifically, they can't compress already-compressed files, and most video and audio files, PDFs, etc are already compressed.  The fact that gzip only shrank the tarball by 17% means that there's no way it'll get to 10GB.  You'll be lucky to get it to 80GB.


Try changing

PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME

to

PATH=$JAVA_HOME:$PATH

and reopen the terminal


For me it was skype notification sounds, it would activate it loop endlessly, just now after a clean new install of ubuntu and skype

System Settings>Sound>Applications Sound, try disabling Skype or other programs.


I managed to find a solution to this problem without modifying my MAKEFILE at all. On the other hand I don't know if that solution is acceptable or it's more like an alternative and temporary one.

After creating the tar.gz archive, I opened it with archive manager and clicked 'Add a folder to this archive' then selected the 'images' folder to be added inside the 'src' directory.


No read/write premisions on new folders (samba)

You have to edit /etc/samba/smb.conf.  Open it as root, go to the end, where the shared folder you want to configure is placed and add the parameter

inherit permissions = yes

at the end of the specific folder section.  Then save the file and either reboot your system or restart samba services manually by typing

sudo service smbd restart
sudo service nmbd restart

in a terminal window.

This tells samba to give all parent folder permissions to each newly created item automatically.  If, for example, the parent folder uses 777, all newly created files will be given the same permissions.


With mutter --replace you replace the current widow manager with mutter.

I am not sure that can in this case means "it can out-of-the-box" or "it can but only after spending many sleepless nights trying to do it".

It might be that after replacing it, nothing works anymore (in that case, you can always switch to a tty and restart the X server)


You can unninstall by formatting the partition where Ubuntu is. You can do this by either downloading a partition manager software for Windows(like Magic Partition Manager) or by using gparted live-cd. You maybe wil have to use Windows installatio disk to repair the boot of Windows or you can use a Ubuntu live cd and install grub again on the disk. Recommended the use of Windows installation disk.


How can I find Application Indicator ID's?

As far as I can tell, the IDs should just be the commands used to launch the applications. Another possible way to figure it out would be to use dconf-editor and go to desktop -> unity -> panel and look at the list in systray-whitelist. That's assuming you have whitelisted everything with the ['all'].


what happens if all users are set as standard while root password not set

What Would Happen

If you configure your system so that no users are administrators, then no one will be able to perform administrative tasks as root with sudo (or its graphical frontends, such as gksu, gksudo, and kdesudo) or PolicyKit. Assuming the root account remains disabled, you will not be able to log in as root (even from a virtual console) or su-to-root either. Barring possible security vulnerabilities, this would prevent anyone from performing administrative tasks in the running system.

Fixing the Problem

However, if you did this, the problem would still be easily fixed, assuming you have physical access to the machine. Fixing this problem is similar to resetting a forgotten password, except you add the user to the sudo and/or admin groups with usermod, rather than resetting their password with passwd.

Here's one method:

Boot into recovery mode by holding Shift while booting and selecting it. Select the option for a root shell. You'll get a shell with a # prompt (rather than the usual $). This means it's a root shell. Any command you run here is run as root.
If you know your username, skip this step. To find out your username, run ls /home. This is a pretty reliable way to list the usernames of the human users of your system (while omitting user accounts like www-data and nobody which are used internally but don't represent real people).
Run these commands to add username to the necessary group(s) to be an administrator. (Replace username with the actual username.)

usermod -a -G sudo username
usermod -a -G admin username

This separately attempts to add the user to the sudo and admin groups. In Ubuntu releases up to Ubuntu 11.10, administrators were in the admin group. In Ubuntu 12.04 (and in future releases), administrators are in the sudo group; if a 12.04 system was upgraded from a previous release, both groups will exist.

So you can put the user in just one, if you know which one, or you can just run those two commands and put them in whichever exists. I advise doing this with two commands so that if one group doesn't exist, the error doesn't stop usermod from attempting to add the user to the other group.

Recovery mode is usually accessible. But occasionally it may be broken, disabled, or require a password, in which case you can boot from a live CD, chroot into the installed system, and run the usermod commands. Here's a procedure for doing that, adapted from my considerably more general answer here:

If you don't already have one, burn an Ubuntu live CD/DVD (on Ubuntu, Windows, or Mac OS X) or write an Ubuntu live USB flash drive (on Ubuntu, Windows, or Mac OS X).
In your Ubuntu system (not the live CD/DVD/USB system), run the following command in the Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T). You do not need to be an administrator to do this.

mount | grep ' on / '

You should include the spaces before on and after /.
That command produces something like /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0) as the output. The text before on (not including the space) is the device name of the partition that contains your Ubuntu system's root filesystem. Remember it (or write it down).
Boot the computer from the live CD/DVD/USB and select Try Ubuntu without installing (not Install Ubuntu).
Run these commands, replacing /dev/sda1 with the device name of the partition containing your Ubuntu system's root filesystem, if different (and username with the name of the user account you wish to give administrative abilities).

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
sudo chroot /mnt
usermod -a -G sudo username
usermod -a -G admin username
exit
sudo umount /mnt

As with the other method, you can use ls /home (run this after the chroot command) to see a list of users on the machine, if you don't know the username.

Alternatives to Eliminating Administrators

On Ubuntu, when you're an administrator, you still need to authenticate with sudo or PolicyKit to perform actions as root. This is considered to be at least as secure as using su to perform actions as root, since anyone who can compromise your account in such a way to read your own password (for sudo) can also read root's password (for su). Furthermore, there are some substantial advantages (explained here) of sudo over su, and enabling the root account, while quite possible, is neither recommended nor officially supported in Ubuntu.

If you decide that even though sudo and PolicyKit require your password to perform actions as root, you still want yourself and all other human users on your machine to run as a standard user (and not as an administrator who can run commands as root), you have two easy options:

You can enable the root account, but this is discouraged as explained above. Also, by default you will not be able to log in to a graphical session as root, and you should not configure your system to allow this, as it's particularly dangerous to run an entire graphical desktop environment as root (a security bug in any part of it could compromise your system). Also, most GUI programs are not tested as root so there may be substantial usability bugs. If you do enable root, you should only ever log on as root from a virtual console (or use su).
The better option is to just create another user account for administrative purposes. Make this account an administrator. Having a non-root account that can perform administrative tasks with sudo and PolicyKit does not force you to use that account for day-to-day, non-administrative tasks.

However, most users are best off with the default--where at least one user account is an administrator and can perform administrative tasks, but must (re)enter their password to do so.


What provides aptdcon for Ubuntu 16.04? Which package do I install?

I'm fortunate enough to have installed it at some point, and could use dpkg -S and which to quickly find this.

$ which aptdcon
/usr/bin/aptdcon
$ dpkg -S $(which aptdcon)
aptdaemon: /usr/bin/aptdcon

If someone knows how to use apt or aptitude to accomplish the same thing, please chime in.

Update: Apparently I can install the apt-file package and run apt-file update then apt-file search aptdcon to achieve the same result.

For further info, you can check out the following
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=find+out+which+package+provides+a+command&t=canonical&atb=v106-3&ia=qa
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/equivalent-of-rpm-qf-command/


Preserve /etc/network/interfaces configuration when changing PCIe cards

Udev has a mechanism to fixate the name of network devices

First, take note of your interfaces mac-addresses. You can see them with ip a or ifconfig -a

Second, the file /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules  has to be created manually in 16.04.

Use your favorite editor

sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

The line for fixing the interface name of the NIC with MAC address "02:01:02:03:04:05" to "eth0" is:

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="02:01:02:03:04:05", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", NAME="eth0"

So for your first interface called enp8s0it would be

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="<the-mac-address>", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", NAME="enp8s0"

You have to make an entry for each network card. This takes effect on reboot.

Disclaimer: For Ubuntu versions before 16.04 you have to add KERNEL=="eth*" *


Installation of software from Ubuntu software centre

Check out this article.
http://www.liberiangeek.net/2010/10/fix-requires-installation-untrusted-packages-error-ubuntu-10-10-maverick-meerkat/

Even if they are talking about version 10.10 i believe the solution they provide will help you. The key is to use the underlined number and make sure you update your package repository.


How do I modify this preseed snippet to partition my hard drive?

TobiSGD over at LinuxQuestions.org was able to resolve this for me. Here's the solution:

"At first, if you set d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic the installer will not use your recipe, so comment that out.

Here's your actual recipe, corrected with the sizes you want:

d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
d-i partman-auto/method string regular
d-i partman-lvm/purge_lvm_from_device boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \
boot-root :: \
   40000 50 41000 ext4 \
   $primary{ } $bootable{ } \
   method{ format } format{ } \
   use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \
   mountpoint{ / } \
. \
500 10000 1000000000 ext4 \
   method{ format } format{ } \
   use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \
   mountpoint{ /local } \
. \
   32000 512 33000 linux-swap \
   method{ swap } format{ } \
.

d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true

I have changed the mount-points and the sizes for the partitions. Note that it is not possible to give exact sizes to the installer with preseeding, so your /-partition is set to be anywhere between 40000MB and 41000MB and your swap will be anywhere between 32000MB and 33000MB. The rest of the disk will be partitioned and mounted as /local."


GUI freezes, not access to to TTY, lost root partition

Maybe you should try the recently released Intel Driver Installer on your LinuxMint18 install.

Selecting the right graphics drivers or the right settings for it, depending on your hardware configuration, can have a significant impact on performance and stability, making your computer run really really smoothly, and even get rid of the black screen thing.


If Vuze has been successfully installed it's icon should have been added to the launcher automatically. It is possible that you might have added a number of new programs which has resulted in there not being enough space on the launcher to show them all at the same time. If you place your mouse at the bottom of the launcher then it will scroll down to show you more icons.

If for some reason the icon hasn't automatically been added to the launcher try using the dash (it is the top button on the launcher:

press the button and type Vuze and you should see the application there to click on.


How to print high quality with Gimp or Libre Office Draw and Canon Pixma ix6810?

Canon supply drivers for this printer; (it is part of the ix6800series):

go here http://support-asia.canon-asia.com/contents/ASIA/EN/0100586302.html and click to download and SAVE what will be cnijfilter-ix6800series-4.10-1-deb.tar.gz

Then open a terminal; and copy each line of command; and paste into the terminal; hitting the ENTER key after each paste;

then move onto the next line (to paste into the terminal, right-click at the text prompt: the flashing sign; and look for PASTE in the menu that appears ...)

cd Downloads
tar -zxvf cnijfilter-ix6800series-4.10-1-deb.tar.gz
cd cnijfilter-ix6800series-4.10-1-deb

then run the install script; watch the terminal as it may ask you questions ..

sudo ./install.sh

Let us know if the Canon driver gives better results;

the other option for you; for a really fine printer like you; is to install TurboPrint http://www.turboprint.info/printer_Canon_PIXMA_iX6800series.html

their product supplies very high quality drivers


sudo apt install fonts-roboto

There's also fonts-noto which is also from Google and has way more characters


What processes should be ioniced for a responsive desktop?

I think you're going to have better results tuning your VM (virtual memory) and writeback tendencies (swappiness) than going the ionice route, though if you must.

You can use dpkg-divert to permanently move the interested binaries like /usr/bin/firefox -> /usr/bin/firefox.orig. Then you're free to create a shell script in it's place like this:

#!/bin/sh
# straight from the ionice manpage
ionice -c 2 -n 0 /usr/bin/firefox.orig $@

Pretty clear what the outcome is.

You could also go the cgroups route which is probably more cost effective in the long run, but you also open yourself up to a host of new performance based problems. Once you start metering resources you can easily starve out processes unintentionally, it'll do exactly what you tell it to do, even if you don't understand all the repercussion.

It looks like duplicity or deja-dup is running (rsync), which will of course suck up all your ioband width, some cpu too. Another option is to simply schedule it for when you're not in front of the computer, that's what I do. The best solution I've seen for io management is dm-ioband but it lives out of tree and has been under constant development for sometime.

I wish I had a blanket solution for you but there's no such thing with performance engineering. Here's a good guide from IBM, but you'll notice it that it's mostly "here's how you get started" for each subsystem, there aren't many "do this and be happy" recipes as they don't exist, every system's needs is different when it comes to performance tuning.

http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp4285.pdf


writing starting from a certain line number with loop

Using Perl:

<<<"$x" perl -i -pe 'if($.==21){foreach(split(" ",<STDIN>)){print"${_}_gps expt ftprnx\n"}}' file

Perl script expanded:

if($. == 21) { # if the current line's number is 21
    foreach(split(" ", <STDIN>)) { # splits STDIN on spaces and returns the splitted elements as an array; for each member of the array
        print("${_}_gps expt ftprnx\n") # print the current element followed by `_gps expt ftprnx` and a newline character
    }
}

<<<"$x": reads the input from a variable x.
-i in perl: specifies that files processed by the "<>" construct are to be edited in-place.
-p in perl: causes Perl to assume the following loop around your program, which makes it iterate over filename arguments somewhat like sed:

       LINE:
         while (<>) {
             ...             # your program goes here
         } continue {
             print or die "-p destination: $!\n";
         }

-e in perl: may be used to enter one line of program.

% cat file
line #1
line #2
line #3
line #4
line #5
line #6
line #7
line #8
line #9
line #10
line #11
line #12
line #13
line #14
line #15
line #16
line #17
line #18
line #19
line #20
line #21
line #22
line #23
line #24
line #25
% read x
brmu ankr ista
% <<<"$x" perl -i -pe 'if($.==21){foreach(split(" ",<STDIN>)){print"${_}_gps expt ftprnx\n"}}' file
% cat file
line #1
line #2
line #3
line #4
line #5
line #6
line #7
line #8
line #9
line #10
line #11
line #12
line #13
line #14
line #15
line #16
line #17
line #18
line #19
line #20
brmu_gps expt ftprnx
ankr_gps expt ftprnx
ista_gps expt ftprnx
line #21
line #22
line #23
line #24
line #25


VirtualBox: USB Sticks not recognized (Windows XP as guest; Ubuntu 14.04 as host)

Had the same problem
- I tried to uncheck the entire usb (1.1 and 2.0) before starting the guest.

Then XP recognized the usb

When XP booted and completed USB Driver install, you have to put the usb device through by selecting it in the  "devices" tab in the machine menu which can be integrated when in the C View mode or center-down when Full view.


How can I unlock ports to access server via url?

You must change default port in virtual hosts file

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
        ServerName example.com
        ServerAlias www.example.com
  [...]

You need to change that to <VirtualHost *:8080> or <VirtualHost *:8000> or <VirtualHost *:8072> or <VirtualHost *:*>.
Restart apache.


unity ubuntu 20.04 no move option for files

I am assuming you want to cut and paste.
Select a file, press the combination ctrl+x to cut, and then ctrl+v to paste it in the desired location.


How to call an executable from the context menu and pass it the file name and location as arguments?

Use %f (or %F) in the parameters of the command in Nautilus Actions to pass selected filenames as arguments:

The command in Nautilus Actions can be a simple shell script, so I'm not sure what you mean by "if there's an option that uses only shell script commands, that would be preferred over using Nautilus Actions".


Prevent shutdown when tvheadend recording / KDE session is active

Found a really easy solution!
Create a file /etc/pm/sleep.d/70-check-recordings.

In this file check if a recording currently is active. If yes, just return exit 1. That's it. Suspend will be aborted.

My script looks like this, it is based on this at tvheadend.

$ cat /etc/pm/sleep.d/00-check-recordings
#!/bin/bash
#
# this script sets ACPI Wakeup alarm and stops standby if a recording is active
# safe_margin - minutes to start up system before the earliest timer

# bootup system x sec. before timer
safe_margin=60

# modify if different location for tvheadend dvr/log path
cd ~hts/.hts/tvheadend/dvr/log

######################

start_date=0
stop_date=0

current_date=`date +%s`

for i in $( ls ); do
        tmp_start=`cat $i | grep '"start":' | cut -f 2 -d " " | cut -f 1 -d ","`
        tmp_stop=`cat $i | grep '"stop":' | cut -f 2 -d " " | cut -f 1 -d ","`
#       logger "$0: $i from $(date -d @$tmp_start) to $(date -d @$tmp_stop)"

        start_extra=`cat $i | grep '"start_extra":' | cut -f 2 -d " " | cut -f 1 -d ","`
        stop_extra=`cat $i | grep '"stop_extra":' | cut -f 2 -d " " | cut -f 1 -d ","`

        let tmp_start=$tmp_start-$start_extra*60
        let tmp_stop=$tmp_stop+$stop_extra*60
#       logger "$0: $i from $(date -d @$tmp_start) to $(date -d @$tmp_stop)"

        # if recording is active, immediately stop suspend
        # tmp_stop > now and tmp_start < now
        if [ $((tmp_stop)) -gt $((current_date)) -a $((tmp_start)) -lt $((current_date)) ]; then
                name=`grep -h -A 1 title $i | grep -v  title | sed 's/.*: "\(.*\)"$/\1/'`
                logger "$0: Currently RECORDING $name. No Suspend until $(date -d @$tmp_stop!)"
                exit 1;
        fi

        # only check future recordings
        # tmp_stop > now and tmp_start > now
        if [ $((tmp_stop)) -gt $((current_date)) -a $((tmp_start)) -gt $((current_date)) ]; then

                # take lower value (tmp_start or start_date)
                # (start_date = 0) or  (tmp_start < start_date)
                if [ $((start_date)) -eq 0 -o $((tmp_start)) -lt $((start_date)) ]; then
                        start_date=$tmp_start
                        stop_date=$tmp_stop
                        name=`grep -h -A 1 title $i | grep -v  title | sed 's/.*: "\(.*\)"$/\1/'`
                fi
        fi
done

wake_date=$((start_date-safe_margin))

# set up wakeup alarm
if [ $((start_date)) -ne 0 ]; then
        logger "$0: Set Wakealarm for $name to $(date -d @$wake_date)"
        echo 0 > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm
        echo $wake_date > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm
fi

Now set up KDE to handle standby after time-out. If a recording is active, KDE standby is aborted by the above script.

See also this in the MythTV documentation.


Why does Ubuntu trigger thermal protection shutdowns on my Dell laptop?

The issue is absence of proprietary graphics drivers. See if you have xorg.conf in /etc/X11. Most likely it would be either absent or with improper configuration.

CHECK PRESENT TEMPERATURE:

First install lm-sensors using sudo apt-get install lm-sensors

Then run sudo sensors-detect and say YES to all the options.

Now, run sensors and see how the temperatures are.

INSTALL PROPRIETARY GRAPHIC DRIVERS:

After this, install the proprietary Radeon drivers using "Additional Drivers" or jockey-gtk from Unity Dash.

Then run  sudo aticonfig --initial to configure xorg.conf properly.

CHECK TEMPERATURE AGAIN:

Now, run sensors again and see if there is any difference in temperature.


Touchpad gets disabled after sometime after login

There is a setting that disables the touchpad while you are using your keyboard that you can turn off.  I'm not sure whether that's likely to be related or not.  You can find that in the settings thing names Mouse and Trackpad.

I had similar issues initially with my computer until I rebooted a few times but now it seems to work okay.


System doesn't find virtualenv even though it is installed

Thanks, Waltinator, for the hint. I solved it. It just needed to create reference folder of already installed virtualenv. I did it by doing below.

sudo /usr/bin/easy_install virtualenv

And the easy_install python file looks like below.

#!/usr/bin/python
# EASY-INSTALL-ENTRY-SCRIPT: 'setuptools==20.7.0','console_scripts','easy_install'
__requires__ = 'setuptools==20.7.0'
import sys
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sys.exit(
        load_entry_point('setuptools==20.7.0', 'console_scripts', 'easy_install')()
    )


Connection to Bluetooth audio device unstable (speaker drops due to Ubuntu 17.10)

maybe it will help you - it helped me:

sudo alsa force-reload

and then:

sudo reboot


Maybe restarting the network-manager will help:

sudo service network-manager restart


Terminal command to open URL's in default and non-default browser

You can always just type google-chrome www.askubuntu.com to open our favorite site, for example.


Install Ubuntu in my Windows laptop in c drive without lost my data

Open disk management in windows and try create unallocated (black) space from other partitons. Boot ubuntu from USB/CD and click Install Ubuntu. If you see "Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 8.1" you can start installing. Windows boot loader will be disabled and replaced with GNU GRUB. You can still boot windows by selecting Windows 8.1 loader


Not sure if this could solve your problem, but it has helped me finding devices that wouldn't appear in Ubuntu bluetooth search a while ago.
This script is used for bluetooth connection with wireless headsets.

Fixing bluetooth stereo headphone/headset problem in ubuntu 16.04, 16.10 and also debian jessie, with bluez5. | gist.github.com


Yes, it's possible to do this automatically, but  if you have only one file with 80 icons, doing it automatically is going to take more time then doing it manually, so if you're planning on having 100 files of 80 icons each, doing it automatically is going to save you time...

:-(


Thats because you run gparted on the running system. You should boot your pc with gparted live cd/usb:
http://gparted.org/livecd.php


Redirecting /dev/null to some other device

Wikipedia
/dev/null or the null device is a special file that discards all data written to it (but reports that the write operation succeeded) and provides no data to any process that reads from it

The answer is no: redirecting from /dev/null is impossible since, after /dev/null is done there is nothing left to redirect. You need to alter the program you want to see the messages from to echo these results to a log file before a /dev/null comes into play.


How to install file downloaded from git clone

You want to start by reading the file labeled "README". It will tell you everything that you need to know about installing the program (or at least it should). You can ignore the hcxtools.git directory. I highly recommend getting to know git a bit more by running through some basic tutorials, but for now you can ignore that directory completely.
I see a make file in the directory you have pictured. This means that you will have to use the make command to build it. So from the terminal
sudo apt install make
cd ~/Desktop/hcxtools-master
make

Running make by itself will "target all" in the make file and build your program
Please note that I have not read the README file in that repository so I do not know if anything additional is needed.


EDIT: I did some more digging and it seems like the gimpshop.com website is a fake. It looks like someone else bought the domain after it expired and put up the site that's currently there.

This is the real project site, as far as I can tell. Unfortunately, all the links are dead. This file watcher site has a few links, but they're all for FreeBSD. It seems as though the tar.bz2 file isn't necessarily for Mac, but for BSD.

After searching for GIMPshop-source-2.2.4.tbz, nothing much has come up.

There seems to be some good news, however. Softpedia is providing a download for the GIMPShop 2.2.11 DEB!

Download it from there and install it. Then run /usr/local/bin/gimp to run it.

Another Update: Thanks to @Zanna's sacrifice (she killed her GIMP install trying GShop out), I can report that it's probably not worth installing GIMPShop. According to her, the application is very broken: stuff just doesn't work. Since it also kills GIMP if it's installed (easy fix, but annoying), I recommend just getting used to using GIMP instead of trying to resurrect something from 2006.


Command like inotify - or another solution?

I think you may be looking for find. Inotify is more of an event mechanism for live updates, whereas find enables you to search for files based on criteria such as -cmin, -ctime, etc.


You might have better luck deciphering a simpler charm than the openstack one :)

http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~jorge/charms/bundles/wordpress/bundle/view/head:/bundles.yaml

amqp is the relation name, it communicates using the rabbitmq interface in nova-cloud-controller see the metadata.yaml file here:

http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~charmers/charms/precise/nova-cloud-controller/trunk/view/head:/metadata.yaml

See this for a detailed description on relations and interfaces:

https://jujucharms.com/docs/stable/authors-relations


I did it:

cd /bin
rm sh
ln -s bash sh
apt-get purge dash
apt-mark hold dash

The machine is still booting.


Is there a way to see what exactly the "processing triggers" does per-package basis?

There is, but it requires digging through some bash scripts for the packages being triggered.

Suppose the dpkg output looks like:

Preparing to replace zim 0.52-1 (using .../archives/zim_0.52-1_all.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement zim ...
Processing triggers for shared-mime-info ...
Processing triggers for menu ...
Internally, what dpkg does is call the postinst script for each of these packages with the triggered command-line option, and zero or more trigger options.
So, you simply open /var/lib/dpkg/info/PACKAGE.postinst (it's a bash script), and simply look for what happens when $1 is triggered

Example: man-db triggers

One of the most common "Processing triggers" you'll see is for man-db, whenever the package being installed has a man page.

If you open /var/lib/dpkg/info/man-db.postinst, you'll find this section:

if [ "$1" = triggered ]; then
    # We don't print a status message here, as dpkg already said
    # "Processing triggers for man-db ...".
    run_mandb -pq
    exit 0
fi

So you can see that Processing triggers for man-db ... simply results in the run_mandb function (also found in the postinst script) being run with the -pq option.

  Helpful Resources:

  Trying to make dpkg triggers more useful and less painful
  dpkg triggers, the lost how-to document


Login loop in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS after last updates

I experienced the same problem, which is now solved thanks to bits of other posts and pages.
I think that with the step 4 alone, it should be enough to fix it.

Found in problem#289482 : "Seperate your login issues from X issues. First try logging in to a VTY. Press Ctrl + Alt + F1 and login. Once logged in try running
sudo X :2 &
you should be taken to a black screen with a X for a mouse pointer.
I was not.
Found an error in the file .xsession-error :
X error 155 (GLX) 19 (X_GLXQueryServerString).
Found this in ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2249830 : "Did you have the restricted AMD drivers installed?"
I had.
Found this on help.ubuntu.com/community/RadeonDriver :
Removing the proprietary fglrx driver. If you've previously installed the ATI binary/proprietary driver (a.k.a Catalyst/fglrx), you need to make sure it's fully purged before trying to use the open-source ati/radeon driver.
sudo apt-get remove --purge xorg-driver-fglrx fglrx*
on the same page : "No configuration is necessary for ATI driver in the modern versions of Ubuntu."
I just rebooted ... it was fixed !
If you want to reinstall fglrx, see
help.ubuntu.com/community/BinaryDriverHowto/AMD?action=show&redirect=BinaryDriverHowto%2FATI
And I just found the explanation : askubuntu.com/questions/595359/fglrx-wont-install-unable-to-correct-problems-you-have-held-broken-packages/599262#599262

BB


How do I set PATH variables for all users on a server?

You add those to /etc/environment.

It likely already has a line for PATH, so you just append :/usr/local/texlive/2010/bin/x86_64-linux to the end of that. Then add two new lines for MANPATH and INFOPATH.

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnvironmentVariables.

After editing /etc/environment, log out and back in, and check that e.g. echo "$MANPATH" outputs the value you added.


Broken desktop background on Ubuntu 18.04 under gnome after waking up from suspend on nvidia-390

I'm also having a similar problem.  I have a Dell/Alienware box with a GeForce GTX 860M, running Ubuntu 18.04.

When the computer wakes from suspend, I also have the problem with a corrupted desktop background, sometimes, white, or with with color "snow".  I can fix the problem with:

dbus-send --type=method_call --dest=org.gnome.Shell /org/gnome/Shell org.gnome.Shell.Eval "string:global.reexec_self()"

I have my account set up to not have a lockscreen on resume, and I think that might be relevant. Lock-on-suspend doesn't seem to matter.

EDIT:  I've changed my nvidia driver from 390 to 396, and that didn't fix it.  But more interesting, if I use Unity desktop, the problem DOESN'T occur.  This points a finger at the Gnome desktop software maybe...

I would love to fix this for real!


You should use sudo -u partner supervisord -C ~/supervisord.conf instead, and set up your current user in the /etc/sudoers file.  An entry to allow user "current" to execute this command as "partner" would look something like this:

current ALL=(partner:partner) NOPASSWD: /path/to/supervisord

Make sure and use visudo instead of trying to edit the sudoers file manually.  There is a more in-depth but simple explanation of the sudoers file syntax here.


Where can I download the Synaptics Touchpad suite?

You mean the Synaptics Gesture Suite, which provides enhanced multitouch functionality, etc., not basic pointing drivers.

Sorry, even though it's "free", Synaptics has decreed you can only get that from your laptop manufacturer, presumably one who has decided to play very friendly with Linux (and those are few!):

  SGS-L is provided free of charge to Synaptics OEM/ODM partners when ordered with Synaptics TouchPad and ClickPad™ products. To find out more about Synaptics Gesture Suite for Linux, please contact your Synaptics sales representative.


Download the app called Disks

  sudo apt install gnome-disk-utility

Open it, select the menu button on top right. Select Drive Setting. On Stanby tab active the Apply Standby Timeout Settings, set your preffered time interval and press OK. Enter your password to authenticate the operation.

Then go to the next (APM) tab, active it. Make sure APM level is not more than 127. Press OK and again authenticate the operation using password.


What are the steps to install Natron on Ubuntu?

Download the Linux package from the Natron website.
Extract the downloaded package.
Install the required package to run the Natron installation script :

sudo apt-get install libegl1-mesa

Install Natron :

cd ~/Downloads/Natron-*
sudo ./Install.sh

Natron should now be available in your Dash. You can also lauch it from a terminal by running natron.


I recently checked out the bug tracking page and I noticed a solution. The solution is to download libimobiledevice4_1.1.6-git20140105_amd64.deb. This can be found here:

https://launchpadlibrarian.net/161787269/libimobiledevice4_1.1.6-git20140105_amd64.deb

Once downloaded, point your terminal to the location of the .deb file and execute the following:

> sudo dpkg -i libimobiledevice4_1.1.6-git20140105_amd64.deb

According to the bug page, other users have reported having success with this update library as well.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libimobiledevice/+bug/1207812

I downloaded this and was successful with connecting my iPhone 5.

Update

Just want to clarify that this lib is currently for 64-bit versions of Ubuntu 13.04/13.10.


For whatever reason my application scans were being ignored when I used the --checkall modifier because in my /etc/rkhunter.conf file the "apps" option was by default included the DISABLE_TESTS options.  Removing it enabled my applications to scanned.
#
# These two options determine which tests are to be performed. The ENABLE_TESTS
# option can use the word 'ALL' to refer to all of the available tests. The
# DISABLE_TESTS option can use the word 'NONE' to mean that no tests are
# disabled. The list of disabled tests is applied to the list of enabled tests.
#
# Both options are space-separated lists of test names, and both options may
# be specified more than once. The currently available test names can be seen
# by using the command 'rkhunter --list tests'.
#
# The supplied configuration file has some tests already disabled, and these
# are tests that will be used only occasionally, can be considered 'advanced'
# or that are prone to produce more than the average number of false-positives.
#
# Please read the README file for more details about enabling and disabling
# tests, the test names, and how rkhunter behaves when these options are used.
#
# The default values are to enable all tests and to disable none. However, if
# either of the options below are specified, then they will override the
# program defaults.
#
ENABLE_TESTS=ALL
#DISABLE_TESTS=suspscan hidden_ports hidden_procs deleted_files packet_cap_apps apps
DISABLE_TESTS=suspscan hidden_ports deleted_files packet_cap_apps ipc_shared_mem

For any fellow rkhunter "noobies"

https://sourceforge.net/    <-- has the primary support / info for rkhunter

I also recommend that you:
1.) (#) comment out DISABLE_TESTS in /etc/rkhunter.conf
2.) use virtualbox to set up a test server (duplicate equivalent environment) and run checksums to verify false positives
3.) Use various forms of "whitelist" in /etc/rkhunter.conf to clear all warnings
4.) install a linux app called "unhide" so that you can scan hidden ports and hidden directories


Sometimes HP laptops have this dumb slider on the front edge or on one of the sides. If you can't find the slider check to see if you have a function key on the top row of your keyboard that has a wireless symbol on it. This is another common way to switch the radio on and off. If after trying to find the switch give the steps below a try.

I had an HP laptop that did the same Thing.

I had to install this wireless package to get it up and working.

bcmwl-kernel-source

you can install it by opening a terminal window and running the following:

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

Once it has installed go ahead and reboot your PC and when the system is booted up check the wireless menu.

Note: if you did hit any switches to toggle the wireless try and toggle them again. wait about 10 secs between presses to make sure it has enough time to come up.


ls -Z is able to parse SELinux ACLs and display them in a readable format:

pshem@computer:~/research_android/data_partition$ ls -Z
          u:object_r:adb_data_file:s0 adb                    u:object_r:mdlog_data_file:s0 mdlog
      u:object_r:aee_exp_data_file:s0 aee_exp             u:object_r:media_rw_data_file:s0 media
          u:object_r:anr_data_file:s0 anr                    u:object_r:media_data_file:s0 mediadrm
       u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 APN                   u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 misc
          u:object_r:apk_data_file:s0 app                   u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 misc_ce
        u:object_r:asec_image_file:s0 app-asec              u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 misc_de
       u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 app-ephemeral         u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 nfc
       u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 app-lib                  u:object_r:ota_data_file:s0 ota
  u:object_r:apk_private_data_file:s0 app-private           u:object_r:ota_package_file:s0 ota_package
       u:object_r:backup_data_file:s0 backup              u:object_r:preloads_data_file:s0 preloads
    u:object_r:bootchart_data_file:s0 bootchart           u:object_r:property_data_file:s0 property
             u:object_r:cache_file:s0 cache          u:object_r:resourcecache_data_file:s0 resource-cache
       u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 Carrier               u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 ss
       u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 CarrierConfig         u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 system
    u:object_r:consyslog_data_file:s0 connsyslog            u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 system_ce
     u:object_r:aee_core_data_file:s0 core                  u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 system_de
  u:object_r:dalvikcache_data_file:s0 dalvik-cache       u:object_r:tombstone_data_file:s0 tombstones
       u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 data             u:object_r:unencrypted_data_file:s0 unencrypted
          u:object_r:drm_data_file:s0 drm                   u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 user
  u:object_r:aee_dumpsys_data_file:s0 dumpsys               u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 user_de
        u:object_r:faceunlock_file:s0 faceunlock            u:object_r:vendor_data_file:s0 vendor
       u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 local                 u:object_r:vendor_data_file:s0 vendor_ce
      u:object_r:logtemp_data_file:s0 log_temp              u:object_r:vendor_data_file:s0 vendor_de
       u:object_r:system_data_file:s0 lost+found

PS. I was only able to answer my own question because the similar questions StackOverflow suggested contained a few hints about the . in drwxrwxrwx..


I faced a similar problem, and found a solution on my laptop.  This is a graphics problem, you might need to launch your system with ubuntu xorg which is an older desktop environment.  To do that lock your account,  and on the login screen where you have to type your password there is an option to choose your desktop environment.  It is "wayland" by default on ubuntu 17.10 which is a new desktop environment for ubuntu, choose "ubuntu xorg" instead and this might solve your problem.


631 is internet printing protocol
25 is smtp
53 is for local dns

as the addresses services are listening to is 127.0.0.1 no external requests will be handled. so the only thing accessable from outside is 25 for smtp. which is used to deliver e-mail to your server


Boot stalls due to "Dependency failed for Hyper-V KVP Protokol Daemon."

Temporary solution: disable the service from starting:

systemctl disable hv-kvp-daemon.service

Relevant bug report: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1820063


Sharing partitions between Ubuntu and Windows

Go ahead and install.
Make 150GB  as ntfs so that it can be seen in both windows and ubuntu.

For details please refer to Can I change file systems inside of partitions within GParted?


How to get "standard" full account privileges on new account? [16.0.4 Server]

From the info you provided:

You changed the username
Unable to create directory /home/modelnode1/.nano: Permission denied

I suspect that the source of the problem, is in-complete change of user-name

Can you please confirm that the folder /home/modelnode1/

exists
Is owned by the new user-name modelnode1
Has read/write permissions to the owner of the directory

You can check it using the following command, which will show the directory owner and permissions:

ls -lsa /home/modelnode1/

The following commands might solve your problem:

sudo mkdir -p /home/modelnode1
sudo chown -R  modelnode1 /home/modelnode1
sudo chmod -R  711 /home/modelnode1

mkdir -p command - will create the directory if it isn't exists yet
chown -R command will change the owner of /home/modelnode1 to be modelnode1 (which currently doesn't have write permissions to this folder)
chmod -R command will provide full permission to the owner of the folder


can't access MBR, GRUB2, freshly installed Ubuntu remains "hidden* (dualboot)

If you're looking for a way to browse your partitions from within Windows, Windows can't read EXT partitions by default - but there's an application that enables viewing of the partitions. See:

https://superuser.com/questions/37512/how-to-read-ext4-partitions-on-windows

In case that you meant that you can't boot into Ubuntu - maybe you've done something wrong in the installation - where did you install the bootloader when asked? It should be on the root of the root of the hard drive, AFAIR.


Limiting the size of a ZFS dataset for timemachine

Note that you're creating a zvol (block storage) and not a dataset—due to the use of -V—which should be visible at /dev/zvol/mypool/timemachine. You can use mkfs.XXX to format this.
If you really want to create a dataset instead because you don't need a specific filesystem, leave out said -V 500GB above in order to create one and use zfs set quota=500G mypool/timemachine instead to limit its size.
https://openzfsonosx.org/wiki/Time_Machine_Backups might give you an idea how to use either storage. However, since you mentioned Netatalk above, you're likely aware of the related steps as discussed in https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-user/services/nas/netatalk_configuration.


Losing ip addresses, during cable disconnects

Edit your /etc/networking/interfaces and add:

iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.2.1
    netmask 255.255.255.0

Then eth0 has static ip always.

More info on configuring interfaces with man interfaces

You can also use Network Connections graphical setup tool from your system preferences. You can configure network-manager to use static ip-addresses from there.


Forbidden 403 error when trying to access Apache 2.4.7 web server in browser

1. You should configure your /etc/hosts file like that:

127.0.0.1   localhost
127.0.0.1   test-site
127.0.1.1   my-hostname
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts. etc...

Where test-site is the second "localhost". And my-hostname is the "System hostname" defined in /etc/hostname.

2. You should define and enable a Virtual Host (VH):

There is a default HTTP VH. It's placed in /etc/apache2/sites-available/. The filename is 000-default.conf. You have to edit it (you can rename it, if you want, or make some other .conf files, based on it) and after that you have to enable it.

You can enable it manually through creation of "soft, symbolic link":

sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/

Or you can use Apache2 tool called a2ensite, which make the same:

sudo a2ensite 000-default.conf

Let's assume there has 3 Virtual Hosts, enabled SSL, and registered private domain (SOS.info for an example):

/etc/apache2/sites-available/http.SOS.info.conf
/etc/apache2/sites-available/https.SOS.info.conf

And one which is created for the purposes of this topic:

/etc/apache2/sites-available/http.test-site.conf

The content of First 2 VHs is:

$ cat /etc/apache2/sites-available/http.SOS.info.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName SOS.info
    ServerAlias www.SOS.info
    ServerAdmin admin@SOS.info

    # Redirect Requests to SSL
    Redirect permanent "/" "https://SOS.info/"

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/http.SOS.info.error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/http.SOS.info.access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

This one redirects all HTTP requests to HTTPS.

$ cat /etc/apache2/sites-available/https.SOS.info.conf

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
    <VirtualHost _default_:443>
        ServerName SOS.info
        ServerAlias www.SOS.info
        ServerAdmin admin@SOS.info

        DocumentRoot /var/www/html

        SSLEngine on
        SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/SOS.info.crt
        SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/SOS.info.key
        SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/ssl/certs/SOS.info.root-bundle.crt
        #etc..
    </VirtualHost>
</IfModule>

This is the HTTPS VH.

The content of these two files can be posted in one file, but in this case their management (a2ensite/a2dissite)will be more difficult.

The third Virtual Host is that, which is created for our purposes:

$ cat /etc/apache2/sites-available/http.test-site.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName test-site
    ServerAlias test-site.SOS.info

    DocumentRoot /var/www/test-site
    DirectoryIndex index.html

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/test-site.error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/test-site.access.log combined

    <Directory /var/www/test-site>
        # Allow .htaccess
        AllowOverride All
        Allow from All
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

3. With this configuration you should access:

http://localhost     # pointed to the directory of the mine Domain
https://localhost    # iin our case: /var/www/html (SOS.info), but you should get an error, because the SSL certificate

http://SOS.info      # which redirects to https://SOS.info
https://SOS.info     # you should have valid SSL certificate

http://www.SOS.info  # which is allied to http://SOS.info and redirects to https://SOS.info
https://www.SOS.info # which is allied to https://SOS.info

On the main example you should access and:

http://test-site           # pointed to the directory /var/www/test-site
http://test-site.SOS.info  # which is allied to http://test-site

Try to open the site in the web browser or just try (in the terminal) with next commands:

$ curl -L http://test-site/index.html
$ curl -L http://test-site.SOS.info/index.html

Of course, you need to have some index.html pages in their DocumentRoot :)

  I will leave next notes by reason of pedantry :)

4. You need properly configured `/etc/apache2/apache2.conf`.

Ii is good idea to spend some time to improve your server's security. These manuals are about the security configuration: 1st and 2nd. Here you can get free SSL certificate. These sites will help you to check your progress: 1st and 2nd.

According to above security manuals /etc/apache2/apache2.conf file must looks like:

Mutex file:${APACHE_LOCK_DIR} default

PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE}

Timeout 60

#KeepAlive Off
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
KeepAliveTimeout 5

HostnameLookups Off

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
LogLevel warn

IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.load
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.conf

Include ports.conf

<Directory />
    Options None FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all denied
</Directory>

<Directory /var/www/>
    Options None FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

AccessFileName .htaccess
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
    Require all denied
</FilesMatch>

LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent

IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf
IncludeOptional sites-enabled/*.conf

# Hide Server type in the http error-pages
ServerSignature Off
ServerTokens Prod

# Etag allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information
FileETag None

# Disable Trace HTTP Request
TraceEnable off

# Set cookie with HttpOnly and Secure flag.
# a2enmod headers
Header edit Set-Cookie ^(.*)$ $1;HttpOnly;Secure

# Clickjacking Attack
Header always append X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN

# CX-XSS Protection
Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"

# Disable HTTP 1.0 Protocol
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} !HTTP/1.1$
RewriteRule .* - [F]

# Change the server banner @ ModSecurity
# Send full server signature so ModSecurity can alter it
ServerTokens Full
# Alter the web server signature sent by Apache
<IfModule security2_module>
    SecServerSignature "Apache 1.3.26"
</IfModule>
Header set Server "Apache 1.3.26"
Header unset X-Powered-By

# Hde TCP Timestamp
#   gksu gedit /etc/sysctl.conf
#   >> net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
# Test: sudo hping3 SOS.info -p 443 -S --tcp-timestamp -c 1

# Disable -SSLv2 -SSLv3 and weak Ciphers
SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3
SSLHonorCipherOrder on
SSLCipherSuite "EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM EECDH+ECDSA+SHA384 EECDH+ECDSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+SHA384 EECDH+aRSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA EECDH EDH+aRSA !aNULL !eNULL !LOW !3DES !MD5 !EXP !PSK !SRP !DSS !RC4"

5. Set up the Firewall.

To allow/deny external access to your web server you can use UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall):

sudo ufw allow http
sudo ufw allow https

To allow only tcp protocol use:

sudo ufw allow http/tcp
sudo ufw allow https/tcp

You can use and the port number directly:

sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
sudo ufw allow 443/tcp

Just in case you can reload the "rules table":

sudo ufw reload

You can use and UFW's GUI interface, called gufw.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install gufw
gufw &

Choice the Office profile. It will set: Status:ON, Incoming:Deny and Outgoing:Allow and add your rules.

6. If you have a router don't forget to forward some ports:

If you have a router and you want your web server to be accessible from Internet, don’t forget to add some port forwarding. Something like this.


How to mount a remote (over SSH) directory to be available like a local directory (incl. in shell, not just in Gnome)?

Yes indeed, you can! It's called sshfs. Here's a little tutorial.

The basic idea is:

Install sshfs

sudo apt install sshfs

Mount the remote directory

sshfs user@host:/path/to/remote /path/to/local/mount/point

You now have the remote directory /path/to/remote available at /path/to/local/mount/point.


Ubuntu 20.04 dual boot with Win 10 - no boot loader and boot-repair can't fix it

It seems the solution in my particular case (HP Spectre 13' laptop) was disabling Optane so that the bootloader can be written in the EFI partition.
A complete step by step guide is given on this Reddit post by u/johnny_fear - kudos to him!
To disable Optane, which seems to have been the essential step, this is the procedure:

In Windows, disable Optane. Hit Windows key, type optane, open the app that comes up (you may be prompted to update), and click on Optane memory in the left sidebar. Turn it off and reboot.


Lenovo-ThinkBook-14-IIL Touchpad not working

We were also facing the same problem with Lenovo ThinkBool-14IIL, We just update the kernel as per the below link and the touchpad start working for us with the latest bios version.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1853277
Try your luck with this. and if it works, do not forget to say thanks to Kai.


How to enable a logrotation with Jenkins

crontab has restricted environment, so try with absolute path and redirect command output into a file, this will help you in case of errors.

  0 * * * * /usr/sbin/logrotate --force /etc/logrotate.d/jenkins >
  /tmp/outfile.log 2>&1


Evolution, the background of messages is always grey

Well I have answered my own question (again). To correct this frankly stupid behaviour by Evolution one needs to go to

~/.config/gtk-3.0/

Inside that folder there should be a file called gtk.css, if not create it.

Add these lines to the file:

/* Black on white for HTML messages in Evolution Reader/Composer */
EMailView WebKitWebView, EMailReader WebKitWebView {
    color: #000000;
    background-color: #ffffff;
}

That's it. Regardless of theme email backgrounds will now be white as oppose to grey.

Taken from this thread on Launchpad


How to control order of startup items in Gnome?

You have the right idea using the command sleep 3 && tilda, but that doesn't work.
If you look in ~/.xsession-errors you probably find the following error message:

sleep: invalid time interval `&&'
sleep: invalid time interval `tilda'
Try `sleep --help' for more information.

This is because the command is not executed like it would be if you ran it from a terminal.
The workaround for this is to change the command to bash -c "sleep 3 && tilda".

More detailed information on session startup ordering: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1119945.


How to make an application use local shared library instead of the system one

One can preload libraries using the "LD_PRELOAD" environment variable. Simply specify the full path of the so files like this:

export LD_PRELOAD = "/path/to/so1.so /path/to/so2.so"


How to activate deactivated repository after upgrade?

If you're using Synaptic Package Manager, go to Settings > Repositories.

Or go go to System Settings > Software & Updates, navigate to the Other Software tab.

There, you'll see one or more items labeled disabled. If you select one of these and click Edit, you'll see more details about the repository. To re-enable, just delete the comment, click OK, and check the check-box back in the main dialog. ( I don't have any disabled, but just follow the steps, and you'll be OK)


Why does the "blender-tpaw" package exist?

As you maybe know, Ubuntu recently introduced a package format called Snaps, in addition to the familiar Deb format. "tpaw" is the nickname or handle of Thomas CaseyWilcox, who created a snap package of Blender. So basically, "blender-tpaw" is Blender in another wrapping.


Are there any plans to add paid software support to Kubuntu's Muon Software Center?

Amusingly both USC and Muon don't use Launchpad for blueprints: https://blueprints.launchpad.net/muon so it's hard to tell directly if there are any plans. Then again the paid for services are offered by the ubuntu-one 'online services' team, so it is probably they and not any other team or project that would have the plan at all.

Asking on #ubuntuone I found an answer that ubuntuone development has no plans for kubuntu. I'll also ask in the USC people to see if they know anything, but for now, assume no.


If I understand correctly, you'll want to "merge" your "Files" partition with your root partition first. Then move and resize it.

Copy your files from the "Files" partition to somewhere on the root partition.
Then delete the "Files" partition.
Move your root partition to the left.
Resize the root partition to take the full available space.


How can I force the amdgpu module to load after other modules?

You can use a softdep command for modprobe to make sure vfio-pci loads before amdgpu. See example below:

# /etc/modprobe.d/vfio-pci.conf
options vfio-pci ids=1002:xxxx
softdep amdgpu pre: vfio-pci

With this it should be necessary either to have eg a pci-stub.ids on the grub cmdline in /etc/default/grub


Ubuntu/Gparted won't show all my hard drive capacity

I would do this.

Power up the 'puter from a LiveUSB thumb drive. Open a terminal. Run these commands:

sudo apt-get install gparted (it's not installed by default)

Call GParted. If there is more than one drive you will see it here, as long as there is power to it. If you don't see the remainder of your presumed disk space, it may be unrecoverable bad blocks. Although, I think that should show up as space. You have a real mystery here, my brother.


Try with dpkg -r command.

Syntax:

sudo dpkg -r [PACKAGE NAME]

Here :

sudo dpkg -r rtl8192cu-tjp-dkms


Ubuntu Minimal Install - No desktop environment?

Indeed there is no desktop environment on a minimal install. You can install it just typing

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

The dependencies should be resolved automatically, so it will be a long list of packages.


Alt-Gr + [Key] freezing XFCE on Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS server

The problem is resolved when starting the xfce-session from the terminal via startxfce4 directly instead of using xfce or startx with above ~/.xinitrcfile.

Note: Looking into top from another tty I gathered, that xfwm4 received SIGTTIN upon pressing Alt-Gr + [Key]. To recover the session, one can therefore pkill -CONT from another tty.


How do you turn off System-DNS bound to localhost

This is extremely odd.

Normally, systemd-resolved would be holding these ports.

Post the output of...

lsb_release -a

netstat -pluten

systemctl status systemd-resolved

dpkg -l | grep -e bind -e dns -e resolv

Also describe your runtime environment - dedicated server (host level) or some sort of container (LXD/LXC/docker).

I'll spin up an LXD container with a similar config + see if I can recreate this.

Also, mention any packaging changes you've made related to DNS, especially related to the libnss-resolve package + any systemctl commands + any changes to systemd config files you might have made

Almost looks like somehow systemd-resolved died + connections propagated up to the initial, host level, systemd process, which makes no sense.


Xorg cannot detect my screen and I cannot start any desktop manager

For anyone interested, I had a conflicting debian repository that was replacing some of my core programs, and thus broke everything once I updated.


what ssd brand are you using? I recently bought a kingston ssd and learned that not all ssd work well out of the box with gnu/linux as evidenced with threads like this.
https://www.reddit.com/r/linux_gaming/comments/aodqqw/psa_dont_buy_ssds_from_the_kingston_a400_line/
what you could try looking for is googling "ssd brand + linux" to see if there are any problems.
At least in my case, ssd needed a firmware update, bad news was that it can only be done using a Windows OS.
I hope it's useful, any info you can add about the hardware you're running could be helpful to help solve your Ubuntu install.


Prevent non-root users from viewing /var/www

Well, that apache user needs access.

IMO ...

sudo chown -R root:www-data /var/www

Your permissions of 750 should then work.

With that said, sort of silly as users can still see the data via a web browser ( http: //localhost ) So be sure to password protect the data from apache ...


700 instead of 755 permissions on auto-mounted USB HDD?

At last I found a workaround by adding the following static definition to /etc/fstab:
UUID=7358-CACE /media/backup vfat users,nofail,flush,utf8,umask=0000 0 2

Basically, the entry defines a user-independent mount-pount for my USB HDD. It simulates root as user and group for anything on the USB HDD, which is fine because umask=0000 assures that everyone can do anything on the drive. The other options are:
"nofail" assures that the kernel doesn't mutter if the drive isn't present at boot time
"users" assures that anyyone can unmount the drive, not just root
"flush" should make sure the drive is flushed often, but not synced
utf8 should be able to translate special characters in file names properly

The only problem remaining with this is that nautilus somehow decides to close when I unmount the device, but I can live with that. There is no error entry in syslog or auth.log suggesting it crashed ...


This problem is caused by the use of GTK3 in newer ubuntu versions with SWT programs.

You can set a flag in your .profile to make SWT Programms like Eclipse use GTK2 for now.

Open your .profile file, located in your home folder.
Add export SWT_GTK3=0 to the end of the file.

your file should now look similar to this (that is actually my .profile file):

# ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.
# This file is not read by bash(1), if ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login
# exists.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files for examples.
# the files are located in the bash-doc package.

# the default umask is set in /etc/profile; for setting the umask
# for ssh logins, install and configure the libpam-umask package.
#umask 022

# if running bash
if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
    # include .bashrc if it exists
    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
    . "$HOME/.bashrc"
    fi
fi

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

### User changes
# disable GTK3 for Eclipse and other SWT programs.
export SWT_GTK3=0

# disable overlay scrollbars globally for this user.
export GTK_OVERLAY_SCROLLING=0

Save file.
Logout current user and log back in.

If you start Eclipse now, you can see disabled icons greyed out.

Happy coding.


How can I resolve this problem : Unable to locate package linux-image-extra-4.15.0-29-generic

linux-image-generic should already install the associated linux-image-extra package, but the name has been changed to linux-modules-extra. Try this to upgrade to the latest kernel:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install --reinstall linux-image-generic

Then, reboot and try using the following command instead:

sudo apt install linux-modules-extra-$(uname -r) linux-image-extra-virtual


How to set the environmental variables in ubuntu to install lua?

Move on to your home directory and then edit the .profile file.
Edit your .profile file with a command like gedit ~/.profile.
Append the following to the end of the file:

**export LUA_DIR=/usr/local/lib/lua/5.1**

To apply the right changes you can source .profile.


Closing a laptop top and keeping ubuntu running

The cause is that newer Lenovo laptops have a lid switch.  By default, the computer goes into suspend when you close the lid, and wakes up when you open it.  My T440p, for example, doesn't have a keyboard "sleep" switch.

This answer is unique to 14.04.  My older 12.04 setup was different (and more difficult to modify).

Open the "Power" settings by clicking on Unity gear icon at upper right hand side of display, then on "System Settings...", wait for the window to open, then click on "Power".  There are option pull-downs to select what happens "when the lid is closed."

I've set my "when the lid is closed" options to "do nothing" for both "on battery power" and "when plugged in" settings.  This inhibits the suspend action, but it nevertheless locks the screen, which you can see if you use your laptop with an external monitor.

It would, of course, be nice if it were possible to select whether the screen locks upon closing the lid, but that option isn't offered yet.


How can I install this GridMarkeys_Envoy.tar.gz package

It is a binary package. You don't need to install it. It requires libgconf-2.so.4 that is provided by libgconf-2-4 package.

Install it by

sudo apt install libgconf-2-4

Run the program by

./gridmarkets

form the directory where it is located.


Turn off keyboard backlight, Asus laptop (Ubuntu 15.10)

Create a bash-script:

sudo gedit /usr/sbin/asuskbbloff

with this content:

#!/bin/bash

KBBL="/sys/class/leds/asus::kbd_backlight"

# $KBBL may a directory or a symlink as of ubuntu 16.04
[ -d $KBBL -o -f $KBBL ] && echo 0 > $KBBL/brightness || echo "$KBBL does not exist!"

Make it executable:

sudo chmod 0755 /usr/sbin/asuskbbloff

Turn on your keyboard backlight and try to switch it off with this command:

sudo asuskbbloff

When it worked for you, create an upstart-file:

sudo gedit /etc/init/asuskbbloff.conf

with this content:

#
# This task is run on startup to turn of
# keyboard backlight on asus notebooks
#

description     "turn of keyboard backlight"

start on startup

task
exec /usr/sbin/asuskbbloff

Reboot your system for testing.


Ubuntu 20.04 dual boot with windows 10, not showing grub menu, directly boot into Ubuntu

Edit your /etc/default/grub as such.
Edit or replace these lines;
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
#GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
#GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true
#GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10

Commit the changes then don't forget to... sudo update-grub then reboot.


Some Brother printers require a little more work than most other printers.  Brother has been good about providing installation tools that usually work well.  I believe this is the page you will need.

You have to run the downloaded tool as sudo. Unfortunately I am not near any of my Ubuntu systems at the moment and cannot tell you what other prompts you may need to answer, but I am sure you will need to enter your printer model.


Windows folder on external hard drive invisible in Ubuntu

All this is due to Windows ntfs file permissions.  Read this Q&A first (you're unfortunately in the "expert" category with your settings)

To change your settings to "non-expert mode", you need Windows to set the permissions so that Ubuntu can read them or convert the ntfs partition to ext4.

Windows Solution (both Windows and Ubuntu will be able to read everything)

a. Boot Windows

b. Right-click the drive that has the problems and click Properties, then go to the tab Security

The window that pops up should show the current owner. Click "Change." The "Select User or Group" pop up box appears.

c. In the text box, type in your current user name (you should be an admin), and hit the "Check Names" button. Your name will be replaced with the "official" system name (i.e.,preceded by computer name and back slash) and click OK

d. The box disappears, sending you back to the Advanced Security Settings window.

e. A new tick box appears below owner, with the text Replace owner on subcontainers and objects. Select this tick box.

f. Also select the tick box Replace all child object permission entries with inheritable permission entries from this object

g. Make sure that Everyone and System appears on the Permission entries window, if not, click Add. The same box that appears in the step above shows up again. Type Everyone, click Check Names, then System and Check Names and then OK

h. remove all other users and press Apply
Ubuntu Solution. (Windows will not be able to read the files any more)

Look here how to convert ntfs to ext4


How to dualboot Ubuntu on Asus Zenbook UX32VD?

When you get to the part of installation where it asks you to select a hard disk to install ubuntu on and select something else.

Select your smaller ssd drive and create a new partion from the empty space on that disk (it won't actually look exactly like in the picture since it's a virtual box)

Now select your hdd and make a new partition as big as you want your data partition to be (probably not too big cause windows needs a lot).

Finally on your hdd make a swap partition using 4 or 5 gigabyte

Now at the bottom of the page select your ssd for the bootloader installation and hit 'Install now'


How to change the username in Ubuntu 18.04?

General method that I use:

Create new user
useradd {newuser}
passwd {newuser}

Move personal files over from old user to new user
sudo cp -r /home/{olduser}/[A-Z]* /home/{newuser}/

chown personal files to new user if needed
sudo chown -R {newuser}:{newuser} /home/{newuser}/[A-Z]*

Log in to new user and delete old user after you confirm new user is working as intended (that makes sure no process are active for olduser).
userdel {olduser}

do not copy/paste and do adjust the commands to what you need :)


SD Card reader not picking up UUID whilst mounting root

I have the same problem. You can identify the card by which drive it is in instead within grub.  Go to /etc/default/grub and uncomment the line to do with not using uuid. Then run 'update-grub'. It should then try to boot from /dev/sda1 for example as opposed to looking for the uuid of the card.


How to fix the starting up problem with two operation system?

Not sure what computer brand you are using, but instead of hitting F12 for boot options try using F2 (or what ever option gets you into CMOS) and right arrow over to the "boot" tab. Here you can choose which drive to boot from (the Linux drive or the Windows Drive). Select the drive you want to boot from, hit F10 to save changes and reboot.
Also try installing all updates on the Linux side.
Worst case you may need to modify the boot manager.
Hope this helps.


Flickering with experimental driver on a Geforce 8200M

I have this video card on my presario cq-60 laptop about 2 years. It is disaster.

Use nvidia blob drive - nouveau has not power saving features for this card.
Use vga to connect to external display instead hdmi or dvi - they works only in 17x.xx driver witch has a lot of troubles.
When use external display - use only it. Do not setup twinview to use 2 displays together.
In compiz settings (install ccsm) unselect "detect refresh rate" and set a "refresh rate" to 60.

For my opinion this is most suitable options for this graphic card.

In your situation the external display do not work with nvidia because nvidia uses internal display by default. To turn it on you should to do this steps:

Install nvidia driver
2. Reboot with live cd.
3. Find your linux partition in "My computer" and open it (in order to mount it).
4. Now open terminal and type "sudo nautilus"
5. In new window that will be opened by previous command go to your linux partition (you can see it on the left panel) and find etc/X11/xorg.conf
6. Open it for editing and append section "Device" with :  option    "TwinView" "True"
7. Save changes and reboot.

After that nvidia driver will use both displays and you can login and disable laptop display trough nvidia settings.


How to put different password for screensaver?

It is possible. There are two ways of doing it:

Option 1: xlock - this program can lock your screen and has an option where you can specify the unlock password.

create encrpyted password:

openssl passwd -crypt

lock with custom password:

xlock -cpasswd crypted-password

The ubuntu package for xlock that I tried didn't have the -cpasswd option, so you might have to compile it from source to use that option.

Option 2: xscreensaver is an alternative to gnome-screensaver. There is this howto that show you how to set it up in Ubuntu. Once setup you can create a dummy user on your machine and set whatever password you want for the screensaver through that user. Then you run the screen saver as that user, that way when the screensaver comes up it will ask you to enter that users password. I tried and tested this method just now it works.

allow dummyuser to access your screen

xhost +

run screensaver as dummyuser

sudo -u dummyuser xscreensaver -no-splash


Caps Lock key is not working Ubuntu 20.04

This may rather be a feature than a bug. An activated Caps-Lock has most likely been the cause of many troubles during the login process. Windows, for example, explicitly notifies you if the Caps-Lock key is activated.

Just imagine that the Caps-Lock key is unknowingly activated while you type in your password...


Rollback from proprietary to open source ATI drivers causes Unity to not start anymore

After a little googling,

I got to this url: http://www.x.org/wiki/radeonBuildHowTo#Removing_AMD.2BAC8-ATI_catalyst.2BAC8-fglrx_driver_.28closed_source.29

Which didn't work but made me google the new error and found:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apt/+bug/859188

There is a filed bug about it and the workaround is:

apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386

HTH


What does Rhythmbox do the first time it is run?

I don't think that Rhythmbox copies music files from MP3-players if the user hasn't told it to do so.

What you saw was Rhythmbox scanning your Music folder. It is default behaviour of Rhythmbox to watch that directory and make sure all music files in that directory are in its music library. It doesn't move or remove or import any music files, it just adds files in your Music folder to the library, so you can play the songs through Rhythmbox.


Terminal: Change the color of my hostname and username

You could wrap \h in, e.g., \[\033[01;31m\] and \[\033[00m\] in ~/.bashrc's $PS1 definition to make the host red; \[\033[00m\], which resets all the attributes, is already there in the default prompt, so you won't really need it, and I suggest commenting out $PS1's definition and adding a line right after rather than editing the current $PS1's definition for an easy rollback:

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    #PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\[\033[01;31m\]\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi

This should work out-of-the-box on e.g. gnome-terminal; on xterm (and I'd guess in general on xterm-based terminals), you'll also have to uncomment this line:

#force_color_prompt=yes

You can check out other available colors e.g. here.