There is no real configuration file.

  Unity and Compiz are using GConf to store their settings.  GConf is a
  configuration store that provides an API for applications to read and
  write configuration information and receive notifications when
  configuration items change.  The configuration data is saved under
  ~/.gconf, but modifications should only be made through the GConf
  daemon.

  You can modify the Unity settings directly using gconf-editor and
  browsing to /apps/compiz-1/plugins/unityshell/screen0/options.  You
  will notice that Unity responds to changes instantly, the same as
  CCSM.

  If you want a command line tool to modify these settings, use
  gconftool-2.  For example, to reduce the launcher icon size I can
  do:

gconftool-2 --set /apps/compiz-1/plugins/unityshell/screen0/options/icon_size --type int 32

The GConf file seems as it shouldn't be messed with.

A better alternative would be either a.) resetting that specific page with the button if something goes wrong or b.) taking a screenshot. As far as the sliders, IIRC they should have a tooltip attached, although I'm not positive.

You really shouldn't be worried about corrupting something, but if you do (very unlikely), it shouldn't be that hard to reset Unity.


Internet doesn't be connected after suspend through VPN with WiFi on Ubuntu 16.04

openvpn doesn't properly work after suspend. it needs restart.

sudo service openvpn restart

Actually, I wanted to leave a comment in the below question, but I don't have enough rep. So I decided to answer my question. This will help somebody having the same problem.

Wifi doesn't work after suspend after 16.04 upgrade


So I made a simple script that will do this:

#!/bin/bash
/opt/brackets/brackets &
sleep 1
wmctrl -r Brackets -b add,maximized_horz,maximized_vert

The sleep 1 is just to give the window time to open so it is recognised by the following command which will maximise it.

Then I just changed the Exec=/opt/brackets/brackets line in the Brackets.desktop file to Exec=/path/to/script.sh.

Remember to make the script executable with

sudo chmod +x /path/to/script.sh


How do I install a .tar.gz (or .tar.bz2) file?

The first thing you need to do is extract the files from inside the tar archive to a folder. Let's copy the files to your desktop. You can extract an archive by right-clicking the archive file's icon inside your file browser and pressing the appropriate entry in the context menu.
Extracting the archive should create a new folder with a similar name. e.g. program-1.2.3.
Now you need to open your terminal and navigate to that directory using the following command:

cd /home/yourusername/Desktop/program-1.2.3

Make sure you read a file called INSTALL, INSTALL.txt, README, or something similar if one was extracted. You can check if such a file exists from the terminal by using the ls command. The file can be opened and read with the command:

xdg-open INSTALL

Where INSTALL is the name of your file.
This file will contain the right steps to follow to continue the installation process. Usually, the three "classical" steps are:

./configure
make
sudo make install

You may also need to install some dependencies if, for example, running  configure prompted you with an error listing which dependencies you are missing.

You can also use checkinstall instead of make install.

Remember that your mileage may vary.


Failed upgrade to 14.04 - /tmp not mounted properly and UUIDS missing from /etc/fstab

Even if you could mount /tmp, it looks like fstab is broken, your system is in a partial upgrade state, and the filesystem may have some problems. You could try to fix all of that, but it would be far easier to just do a fresh install on a new partition, then fsck the old partition, and mount it to access any files you care about (ie. /home/hal).


Vim and screen: background color not reset when exiting vim

Add a line with altscreen in your ~/.screenrc. If you don't have such a file, create it.

Source: https://superuser.com/questions/223898/on-quit-less-does-not-clear-its-contents-when-run-in-a-screen-session


On your edit, you mention that you already have the three operating systems installed, and you ask on how to fix your bootloader in order to have a proper menu to select the OS you wish to load.

You can use the Boot-Repair.

Boot-Repair is a simple tool to repair frequent boot issues you may encounter in Ubuntu like when you can't boot Ubuntu after installing Windows or another Linux distribution, or when you can't boot Windows after installing Ubuntu, or when GRUB is not displayed anymore, some upgrade breaks GRUB, etc.

Or you can use Super Grub2 Disk to boot inside Ubuntu and then use the administrative tools to fix your bootloader.

The primary purpose of Super GRUB2 Disk is to help you boot into an OS whose bootloader is broken.

Note: Both solutions have a nice GUI easily usable to configure the bootloader with a few simple steps.


What is the linux-image-extra package for and do I need it?

This answer is obsolete for modern Ubuntu releases
Without the extra package, most hardware won't work!
It contains extra drivers left out of the base kernel package; install it only if you need these drivers
Sometimes, a specific variant of the linux-image is slimmed down by removing the less common kernel modules (drivers).  In this case, the linux-image-extra package simply contains all of the "extra"  kernel modules which were left out.

Officially, this only happens for the -virtual image; the most common hypervisors (Virtualbox, VMWare, Xen, KVM) emulate a well-defined and restricted set of hardware, so removing unnecessary drivers which increase the size of the kernel/initrd is a good idea. You can always get them back by installing the extras package.

The kernel team also appears to have adopted this method for some of the mainline-PPA -generic kernels; the reasoning and solution remain the same -- if it looks like the base kernel image is missing a module you need, install extras.

As far as I know, the above approach has not been taken for the Quantal kernels -- only -virtual is affected as usual.


Instructions for flashing a phone or tablet device with Ubuntu fron

Ubuntu touch is still in development and is not recommended for general use yet unless you are a developer or willing to use it as a test (accepting there may be bugs). Also currently during development the operating system is being written for new (unreleased) hardware and the Google nexus, with wider support to be rolled out later.

This being said some developers are working on the Xperia T. Many features are still a work in progress. See this page for information on what does and doesn't work and how to install.


Thank you Rinzwind!

Used this command to find the biggest files:

find /home/veronika/ -type f -exec ls -s {} \; | sort -n | tail -n 5

It took a few minutes for the files to be listed.

After that I just removed the biggest file in the list, which in my case happened to be error-logs.old


This can be done by deploying the cinder-backend of your choice multiple times. For example: if you had two physical EMC VNX backends you would deploy the cinder-vnx charm twice:

juju deploy cinder-vnx backend-alpha
juju deploy cinder-vnx backend-beta

When you reconfigured and related these two backends to cinder they'd each get their own stanza in the cinder configuration:

juju add-relation cinder backend-alpha
juju add-relation cinder backend-beta

You'll need to find the Cinder plugin charm you're using, deploy it and configure them to point one at SSD and the other at your spinning disks, name them maybe backend-fast and backend-slow (or any name, doesn't even have to be prefixed with backend) relate them to cinder and you've got two backends in cinder ready for consumption.


What precaution should users take when installing proprietary snaps to avoid malware?

I'm going to give you the same exact suggestions we (the community) would give for "random PPAs":

Only use trusted sources for Snaps (rather than 'random suggestions') and if you really are concerned, test in an isolated VM or other isolated system/sandbox before putting it on a production machine to see if the snap does anything 'malicious'.

Beyond this step, there's no real way to properly 'vet' Snaps on the catalog for 'maliciousness'.  If you find such a snap, though, you should report it to Canonical for immediate removal, and they can be pretty swift with that.  (The same goes for PPAs, within 24 hours they can erase such a malicious PPA).


Test this:

Switch on your computer.

Press and hold the Shift key, which will bring up the Grub menu.

Select the line which starts with Advanced options.

Select the line ending with recovery mode.

Your pc should display a menu with a number of options.

Select the line ending with Drop to root shell prompt.

In the terminal run

sudo -i
mount -o remount,rw /
mount --all
apt-get update
apt-get install --reinstall aptitude deborphan ppa-purge

aptitude remove '?and(?reverse-depends(budgie),?not(?reverse-depends(?exact-name(ubuntu-desktop))))'

apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop
apt-get dist-upgrade
ppa-purge ppa:evolve-os/ppa
deborphan
apt-get --purge remove $(deborphan)
deborphan --libdevel
apt-get --purge remove $(deborphan --libdevel)
deborphan --find-config
dpkg --purge $(deborphan --find-config)
apt-get autoremove
apt-get clean
reboot


Uumm you seem to imply you may have updated to 12.04 LTS but all your references are to 11.10.  Nonetheless, most things to look at for your problem are not related to the OS.

1) Have you added anything like a wireless home phone, fluorescent lights, or microwave lately?  If so, turn them off or unplug them to see if your problem disappears.

2) If your laptop has an on-off switch for its wireless, make sure the switch is well seated in the on position.

3) If you have moved your laptop, try moving it back or rotating it 90 degrees to see if that has an effect

4) Look for other wifi signals on the same channel as yours.  Perhaps a neighbor has set up an AP and you are fighting each other.  If you have an Android phone, try WiFi Analyzer to see what signals the are.  If not, try iwconfig to see which of your network interfaces is you wireless.  Assuming it is wlan0, try iwlist wlan0 scanning | less and look at the channels and strengths to see if anything looks like a conflict.

I hope those ideas help.


Is there any way to make a custom keyboard shortcut that copy something to clipboard?

Install xsel:

sudo apt install xsel

Go to settings, Keyboard, add a new shortcut like:

sh -c 'echo [your string here] | xsel -bi'


I have 2 computers one with the newer EUFI type BIOS this computer boots just fine with Xubuntu 14.04; However, when I installed it on my older computer with the older BIOS I noticed the computer hung for around 45 seconds before it finally loaded.

I tried several solutions before I found the trick that worked for me. To fix the problem I:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

and changed the line GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 by putting a # in front of it making it a comment.

After that I ran:

sudo update-grub

This will make the grub menu come up on boot. When I hit Return to boot the OS from the menu it loaded in about 20 seconds on my machine.


How can I share a Ubuntu folder with Windows 7 across a WAN?

IMO the easiest would be to install onpessh-server on Ubuntu and use winscp.

http://winscp.net

Just be sure to secure the ssh server, I advise you use keys and disable passwords.

https://help.ubuntu.com/10.10/serverguide/C/openssh-server.html

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SSH/OpenSSH/Keys

You will have to import the openssh keys using puttygen

http://jason.sharonandjason.com/key_based_putty_logins_mini_how_to.htm

http://linux-sxs.org/networking/openssh.putty.html

It will take a few minutes to set up, but it will be secure and graphical.


Unless you cut off some of the dpkg -l output, you are definitely missing some nvidia packages.  On my Ubuntu 20.04, with CUDA 10.1, I have:
    ii  libnvidia-cfg1-440:amd64                           440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        NVIDIA binary OpenGL/GLX configuration library
ii  libnvidia-common-440                               440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            all          Shared files used by the NVIDIA libraries
ii  libnvidia-compute-440:amd64                        440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
ii  libnvidia-decode-440:amd64                         440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries
ii  libnvidia-encode-440:amd64                         440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        NVENC Video Encoding runtime library
ii  libnvidia-extra-440:amd64                          440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        Extra libraries for the NVIDIA driver
ii  libnvidia-fbc1-440:amd64                           440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library
ii  libnvidia-fbc1-440:i386                            440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            i386         NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library
ii  libnvidia-gl-440:amd64                             440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL/GLX/EGL/GLES GLVND libraries and Vulkan ICD
ii  libnvidia-gl-440:i386                              440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            i386         NVIDIA OpenGL/GLX/EGL/GLES GLVND libraries and Vulkan ICD
ii  libnvidia-ifr1-440:amd64                           440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL-based Inband Frame Readback runtime library
ii  libnvidia-ml-dev                                   10.1.243-3                          amd64        NVIDIA Management Library (NVML) development files
ii  nvidia-compute-utils-440                           440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
ii  nvidia-cuda-dev                                    10.1.243-3                          amd64        NVIDIA CUDA development files
ii  nvidia-dkms-440                                    440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
ii  nvidia-driver-440                                  440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        NVIDIA driver metapackage
ii  nvidia-kernel-common-440                           440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
ii  nvidia-kernel-source-440                           440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        NVIDIA kernel source package
ii  nvidia-prime                                       0.8.14                              all          Tools to enable NVIDIA's Prime
ii  nvidia-settings                                    440.64-0ubuntu1                     amd64        Tool for configuring the NVIDIA graphics driver
ii  nvidia-utils-440                                   440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        NVIDIA driver support binaries
ii  screen-resolution-extra                            0.18build1                          all          Extension for the nvidia-settings control panel
ii  xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-440                      440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1            amd64        NVIDIA binary Xorg driver


Seems like you installed Ubuntu into an extended partition. I'm not sure if this information is outdated or only applies to Windows/DOS and it's bootloaders, but we've been taught in school that only the first 4 partitions of a MBR partition table can be booted by the bootloader (not to be confused with chain loading).

I would recommend removing the extended partition and it's children (/dev/sdc2, /dev/sdc5, /dev/sdc6) and creating a partition for Ubuntu
(/dev/sdc2) and for Swap (/dev/sdc3), installing GRUB to /dev/sdc and mark the Ubuntu partition as bootable in GParted (probably already done by the installer). Of course you should then set up your BIOS to boot from that disk.


How do I get the microphone working on an Acer ZG8?

Make sure the checkmark by the "Mute" isn't checked, in your sound preferences.


Unable to install Win XP nor Win 7 after installing Ubuntu 11.10

Well, the only thing you need to do is to make sure in your BIOS boot menu CD has priority over booting from the hard drive. After that you reboot, and provided that you inserted a proper bootable CD/DVD, the setup program should start.

Ubuntu (or any other OS installed on your hard disk) has absolutely no control or influence over this process.

So, if your Win7 setup disk brings you to Ubuntu it means it's not bootable, unreadable or has some other problem, so BIOS skips it and proceeds to the next boot option, which is the hard disk.

Similarly, WinXP setup failing has absolutely nothing to do with Ubuntu - most likely it just does not have required drivers to access some of your hardware.

(also, "I bumped into the Linux wall" is just plain unfair - Ubuntu installed and booted on your machine without problems, isn't it? Blue Screen of Death is not Linux fault, it's Windows problem)


How to map [Alt] + [hjkl] keys to arrow keys?

I am currently using xubuntu 16.0.4 and encountered similar issue before. My solution was to run below first before any xmodmap commands:

setxkbmap -layout us -variant altgr-intl -option nodeadkeys

You may need to adjust the parameters to fit your keyboard layout.


pull the drive, install into a different system and search the drive and hope for the best. If you are lucky, you will be able to get some of your stuff. The other option, "expensive" is to send it off and have someone pull the first layer of data away and get to your old data. I do not think there are any free or even cheap open source/COTS that will do the job for you.


gpg-agent not working since 16.04 upgrade

The issue seems to be that gpg-agent 2.1.11 does not set the GPG_AGENT_INFO environment variable.
If I export GPG_AGENT_INFO to point to the socket file ie.|export GPG_AGENT_INFO=/home//.gnupg/S.gpg-agent:12065:1 with the pid and owner pid then I get the pinentry box for the passphrase.


How do I effectuate /usr/bin/checkmodule and /usr/bin/semodule_package on Ubuntu?

/usr/bin/checkmodule can be found in the checkpolicy package

/usr/sbin/semodule can be found in the policycoreutils package

Both of these are in the universe repository.

Details on the utilization of both of these can be found on their respective man pages.

An overview on implementation can be found on the wiki.


Login loop out of the blue with NVIDIA GPU

I'm sorry to say this, but I think you should escalate this to your Gfx card's warranty division. It is always surprising what a single semi failed transistor can do.


Difference between 'google-chrome-stable' and 'google-chrome' binaries

In your case it's all the same. google-chrome starts the
configured version, see at the end of my answer.

First let's start a little test:

% ls -laog /usr/bin/google-chrome
lrwxrwxrwx 1 31 Mär 17  2015 /usr/bin/google-chrome -> /etc/alternatives/google-chrome

% ls -laog /etc/alternatives/google-chrome
lrwxrwxrwx 1 27 Mär 17  2015 /etc/alternatives/google-chrome -> /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable

As you can see

/usr/bin/google-chrome

is a symbolic link to

/etc/alternatives/google-chrome

and

/etc/alternatives/google-chrome

is a symbolic link to

/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable

If you have installed e.g. google-chrome-beta and google-chrome-stable, you can start

sudo update-alternatives --config google-chrome

to change the behavior, eg. in my case

There are 2 choices for the alternative google-chrome (providing /usr/bin/google-chrome).

  Selection    Path                           Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable   200       auto mode
  1            /usr/bin/google-chrome-beta     150       manual mode
  2            /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable   200       manual mode

Press enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:


ubuntu install black screen - nomodeset not working

I'm going to copy answer from another question, because I think it applies here.  You can view the original question/answer here

If this is a video card issue following these steps should fix the problem (make sure you have internet):

Boot as far into Ubuntu as you can
Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 to open a terminal.
Log in with you username and passoword
Run sudo apt-get update
Then sudo apt-get install gnome-core (this one will take a while)  Note: you might be asked which display manager you want to use, select 'lightdm'
After all that is finished run sudo reboot now which will reboot your computer
At the login screen, click on the ubuntu logo, in the top right corner of the window, and select "GNOME Classic" click OK, and login.
After you have logged into Gnome Classic, open 'Software Center'
Click 'Edit' from the menu and select 'Software Sources'
Open the 'Additional Drivers' tab
Select the driver you want and click 'Apply Changes'
Reboot.

EDIT: Jockey-gtk has been integrated into software sources inside the software center.

So in 12.10 you change drivers by:

Opening software center
Clicking 'Edit' --> 'Software Sources'
Opening the 'Additional Drivers' tab
Selecting the driver you want and clicking 'Apply Changes'

I edited the directions to reflect this.

EDIT

If the above steps don't fix the probelem, then your graphics card is probably not supported.

In this case you have four options:

You can install Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (where I think your graphics card is still supported)
You can continue to use Gnome Classic
You can use Xubuntu by running sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop or installing from scratch.
Or you can try Lubuntu by running sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop or installing from scratch.

Kubuntu is also worth mentioning, but I'm not sure it will work without drivers.  You can try though.  sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop


The desktop works slightly differently in 19.04, due to the removal of that function from the current gnome-shell. Progress moved backwards in this case, but they had reasons to remove it.

There's a GNOME extension called Desktop Icons(https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1465/desktop-icons/), once installed, it's found at https://extensions.gnome.org/local/, make sure it's enabled.
The quick way to recover some of the same operability is to use the Files application to create a new folder on the Desktop called "Work in Progress", or "pseudo Desktop", and then move all prior icons (except Home and Trash) from the Desktop into this new folder. Then close the Files app. Use this newly created folder like you used the Desktop in versions prior to 19.04.


Is it possible to set up a second monitor/display that doesn't change when switching desktop on your main with unity's desktop wall?

I know of the possibility to have a window present in whichever workspace you are: right-click on the title bar of any window and select Always in the visible workspace.

Click on the image to open a full-resolution version

Now, this is not a solution to your question, but I think it can work until one is proposed.


Can't detect wireless networks with an Intel Wireless 5100

I have had the same problem and you can enter in terminal:
   rfkill list

it show if there soft block or hard block,  and then you can enter in terminal:
   rfkill nosoftblock
   rfkill nohardblock

or
   ifdown wlan0
   ifup wlan0

then enter in the terminal:
   lspci

you can see the wifi name if it is there, and then you can in the terminal enter:
   lsmod wlan0

set's the wifi to be users, and then enter in the terminal:
   lsusb -d wlan0

and then scan the wifi port, and enter in the terminal:
   nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p port

if the network is asleep (if still not work), and then you can make a script called asleep.d in /etc/network
/bin/sh
   case bin/sh in
          ./bin/sh
          nmcli nm asleep=false 'network'
    end case

you can download it at: http://app.box.com/s/5nj2uhby5Kqk13y3oh7wb
and it might work fine this way.


Dual Boot-Ubuntu along with Win 7, ubuntu not detecting the partitions on HDD on which Win 7 is currently exist as sole OS

The solution is the following:

1st) Get your Windows 7 SP1 install media and delete EVERYTHING you have on your PC, all partitions and everything.

Once it has succesfully installed go to the Ubuntu website and download Ubuntu 14.10 64 bits. Download also Universal USB installer and create a bootable USB.

Shutdown your PC.

2nd) Start your PC again and boot from the USB you have just created with Ubuntu 14.10 64 bits. When you are installing it choose to install with Windows 7, and you will now have your PC as you wanted, detecting both partitions and working correctly.

PS: 1st install Windows 2nd Ubuntu. :)


18.04 Nothing I do prevents lock screen on lid close. EDIT: How to Disable "Screen Shield" on Laptop Lid Close"

The names I have seen for this are "Gnome Screen Shield" and "Gnome Screen Curtain"  it seems to be unrelated to the lock screen though judging by the amount of comment around the web available in searches, disabling it is a fairly common desire.  On Ubuntu 18.04.1 with gnome 3.28.2 there is an extension that is working for me.  I have disabled the lock screen and turned on the following extension.
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/672/disable-screen-shield/


Quickly/Glade linking a button to notebook page

Yes, it's possible to do. Use gtk.Notebook.set_current_page

For example:

def on_button1_clicked(self, widget):
    self.notebook1.set_current_page(2)


Installation of Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software, generic static

Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev

Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software, generic static
ATLAS is an approach for the automatic generation and optimization of numerical software. Currently ATLAS supplies optimized versions for the complete set of linear algebra kernels known as the Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS), and a subset of the linear algebra routines in the LAPACK library.


Simple solution use the full path to java to have it work. As has been mentioned in the comment nothing get carried into the crontab from the users settings. You need to do it all yourself by setting these things manually.


I'm using 10.10, so I'm not sure if my answer helps.
My laptop often had problem waking from hibernation until I activated an proprietary additional driver for NVDIA.

how to do it: system setting -> additional driver -> NVDIA accelerated graphics driver-> activate


This worked for me:

Edit Connections [network connections]
Delete all existing wired and wireless connections
Reboot
Connect to wireless network and enter password
Fixed!

The reboot is necessary, didn't work for me until I rebooted.


What happens to the USB after burning Ubuntu 12.04?

You can format the drive (or delete all the contents) & can use it as usual.

Even when ubuntu files are there, you can use rest of the space.


"The system is running in low-graphic mode" issue on ubuntu 16.04 after booting

I apparently solved it by installing:
https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/intel-graphics-update-tool-linux-os-v2.0.2

it requires to install gdebi
https://01.org/linuxgraphics/documentation/running-update-tool-using-gdebi

after update and reboot, the error disappeared.

E.


Is there a way to put comments in the youtube-dl batch file?

youtube -dl supports only one url at each line in a url listed batch file. It will not read a url/line if it begins with a # or part of line after #. In that case your batch file should look like,

#comment 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foo
#commeent 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bar

You can comment like this also,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foo #comment 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bar #comment 2

To download with such a batch file, use

youtube-dl --title --batch-file='/path/to/list.txt'

I assume list.txt contains the urls.


Printing to a printer attached to a network USB hub

Your device supports LDP, so you should try adding an LDP printer:

start printer (in the system menu)
add a new printer (+ symbol)
As host, type the IP of your device (eg. 192.168.2.1)
As queue, try lpt1

(I'm not so sure about the right english turns, because I run Xubuntu on german)

Good luck! If you got that, maybe you can help me with my ldp problem?: How can I prevent a LDP Printer from printing a blank page at the end of the job?


You have the answer from Fdisk - MBR or DOS partitions can not be larger than 2TB. You need to change to GPT partitions.


Cannot upgrade from 18.04 to 20.04 - "Unofficial software packages not provided by Ubuntu..."

Install ppa-purge
sudo apt install ppa-purge

In main.log locate the faulty packages:
grep disabled /var/log/dist-upgrade/main.log

Output example:
2021-03-19 02:44:31,173 DEBUG entry '# deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kisak/kisak-mesa/ubuntu focal main # disabled on upg...

Remove ppa
sudo ppa-purge kisak/kisak-mesa


How many resources does a visit or more than one consume in a ubuntu VPS?

From the title of the topic, what I would like to know is how much resources consumes a visitor, 100 visitors, 1000 visitors or more examples, the resources they consume based on:

What are you serving? A static 1kiB HTML page? I did some quick tests on a server I have:

Simple PHP script (milliseconds execution time): 950 requests per second
Static HTML, 1kiB: 2500 requests per second
Complex PHP with queries: 15 requests per second.

In neither of these cases bandwidth was a issue. However, I easily saturate the 1Gb/s link (or my 500Mb/s home connection) with one big file download, without any noticeable impact on CPU or memory on the server.

So in short; it depends on your workload. You should benchmark your actual application, using for instance ab2.


The exact error you are seeing is relatively clear.  Python cannot find the file you are calling, install.py.

Quickly inspecting the source for the project, there is no install.py in the latest trunk.  Thus, it is not too surprising that Python cannot find it.

Typically to install a package in python, you use the setup.py file and install it like so

python setup.py install

**note:  if installing to a system wide python interpreter, you will need to run as root or

sudo python setup.py install

** note 2:  The -i flag that you have used is intended to run a file and then drop to the interpreter after execution.  The flag goes before the file to execute:

python -i /path/to/pyfile


Which version is best for my desktop 32 or 64 bit?

If it's 64bit, you might as well install the 64bit version. I'm pretty sure it doesn't slow anything down, and you'll have the added benefit of 64bit programs. You definitely meet the requirements for 64bit, so I say go for it. If it works fine, great. If it doesn't work, or is just too slow for your liking, you can uninstall it and install the 32bit version instead. I don't think you'll notice much (if any) difference between the two editions.


Help running World of Warcraft in Ubuntu 13.10

If you check on WineHQ and the WoW forums the 64 bit version is not working. You currently need to run 32-bit.


Black screen macbook pro 7.1 / Ubuntu 13.10

I'm guessing you installed Ubuntu in EFI-boot mode? The nvidia drivers does not work in EFI-boot mode and if you want to use the nvidia driver you would have to change to legacy boot mode.

Since you got your display back, you can run this simple snippet to determine if you have installed in EFI-mode:

[ -d /sys/firmware/efi ] && echo "EFI boot on HDD" || echo "Legacy boot on HDD"

And here is an guide on how to convert to legacy boot mode:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI#Converting_Ubuntu_into_Legacy_mode

I had the same problem on my Macbook Air.

Here's a thread on the nvidia forum about adding support for efi-mode:

https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/542320/status-of-efi-mode-support/

Here's a reference for nvidia chipset not working in efi-mode:

http://www.rodsbooks.com/ubuntu-efi/


scroll bar gets in the way of grabbing from a Pan column on the right hand side

There's something in preferences.xml which causes the header columns to be "infinitely" sized, I think.  Renaming preferences.xml "fixes" the problem:

thufir@dur:~/.pan2$
thufir@dur:~/.pan2$
thufir@dur:~/.pan2$ diff preferences.xml preferences.xml.a
2a3,4
> <flag name='add-message-id-header-when-posting' value='false'/>
> <flag name='add-user-agent-header-when-posting' value='true'/>
3a6
> <flag name='always-run-editor' value='false'/>
6c9,10
< <flag name='clear-article-cache-on-shutdown' value='true'/>
---
> <flag name='clear-article-cache-on-shutdown' value='false'/>
> <flag name='compose-wrap-enabled' value='true'/>
16c20
< <flag name='main-window-is-maximized' value='false'/>
---
> <flag name='main-window-is-maximized' value='true'/>
31c35
< <flag name='mute-quoted-text' value='true'/>
---
> <flag name='mute-quoted-text' value='false'/>
46a51
> <flag name='spellcheck-enabled' value='true'/>
53a59
> <flag name='user-agent-extra-info' value='false'/>
55c61
< <flag name='wrap-article-body' value='false'/>
---
> <flag name='wrap-article-body' value='true'/>
58,64c64,72
< <int name='header-pane-action-column-width' value='24'/>
< <int name='header-pane-author-column-width' value='133'/>
< <int name='header-pane-date-column-width' value='120'/>
< <int name='header-pane-lines-column-width' value='60'/>
< <int name='header-pane-score-column-width' value='50'/>
< <int name='header-pane-state-column-width' value='24'/>
< <int name='header-pane-subject-column-width' value='400'/>
---
> <int name='get-latest-n-days-headers' value='7'/>
> <int name='get-latest-n-headers' value='99'/>
> <int name='header-pane-action-column-width' value='0'/>
> <int name='header-pane-author-column-width' value='1'/>
> <int name='header-pane-date-column-width' value='951'/>
> <int name='header-pane-lines-column-width' value='0'/>
> <int name='header-pane-score-column-width' value='0'/>
> <int name='header-pane-state-column-width' value='0'/>
> <int name='header-pane-subject-column-width' value='1'/>
67a76,77
> <int name='post-ui-height' value='744'/>
> <int name='post-ui-width' value='959'/>
71c81
< <string name='body-pane-font' value='Sans 16'/>
---
> <string name='body-pane-font' value='Sans 18'/>
80c90
< <string name='header-pane-columns' value='state,action,subject,score,author,lines,date'/>
---
> <string name='header-pane-columns' value='author,subject,date'/>
84c94
< <string name='last-visited-group' value=''/>
---
> <string name='last-visited-group' value='gmane.mail.mailman.user'/>
92a103,105
> <string name='save-article-mode' value='save-attachments'/>
> <string name='save-article-priority' value='age'/>
> <string name='save-subj-seperator' value='-'/>
111c124,126
< <geometry name='main-window' x='100' y='39' w='900' h='700'/>
---
> <geometry name='events-window' x='150' y='150' w='600' h='300'/>
> <geometry name='main-window' x='100' y='39' w='848' h='700'/>
> <geometry name='tasks-window' x='200' y='139' w='550' h='600'/>
thufir@dur:~/.pan2$


Can't get networkd-dispatcher scripts working

The missing step is to enable networkd-dispatcher service at boot:
# systemctl enable networkd-dispatcher.service

Then the next boot scripts will be executed.
To verify they were executed at boot time check journal with:
# journalctl -b -u networkd-dispatcher


Battery recognized and 100% charged but not working

The battery can not be "disabled".  If the laptop shuts down immediately when you unplug the power, then the battery is broken.  Usually even a very degraded battery should work for a few minutes though, but you did not really mention what the symptoms are.  "It does not work" is not a good error description.


I think you could try streamripper, which is in the repositories. It is a command line application though.


"add rootdelay=90 to the kernel stanza for your current kernel"

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/IntrepidReleaseNotes#Boot%20failures%20on%20systems%20with%20Intel%20D945%20motherboards


Trying to change access to folders and files on a USB device

Use this command to get some useful information about your USB drive.

sudo blkid

Ex output last line : /dev/sdb1: LABEL="TOSHIBA EXT" UUID="583AA2D33AA2AE06" TYPE="ntfs"

use the command and note down the UUId of the USB drive

The last entry is my external USB drive. Note down the UUID and TYPE of your external drive.

You can make sure that your drive is automatically mounted as your current user by adding a line in your /etc/fstab file.

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak and then you will have to edit it as root gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

In the following examples replace the following variables with your own info:

[your UUID] = the UUID you found for your device from the blkid command

[your mount-name] = the name you want the device to be mounted as, for example "EXTERNAL-USB" (not incredibly important what you choose)

[user_name] = name of your computer

If your USB's filesystem is NTFS use something like this:

UUID=[your UUID]  /media/[user_name]/[your mount-name]  ntfs-3g  user,uid=1000,gid=100,dmask=027,fmask=137  0  0

If your USB's filesystem is FAT use something like this:

UUID=[your UUID]  /media/[user_name]/[your mount-name] vfat user,uid=1000,gid=100,dmask=027,fmask=137  0  0

example : UUID=B4FE-531 /media/ajay/Win7_sp1_32vfat user,uid=1000,gid=100,dmask=027,fmask=137 0 0

The options uid=1000,gid=100 will set the drive as owned by the default user in Ubuntu (hopefully you) and the group "users". The options dmask=027,fmask=137 set the permissions to read/write. With NTFS theoretically you can now also use the option "permissions" to make it compatible with Linux permissions.

Hopefully this helps


Have you installed ubuntu-restricted-extras?
You can get them from here https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/ubuntu-restricted-extras/


Is it even possible?
Why wouldn't it be? Ubuntu is a really flexible system that shares many problems with most other operating systems:

Software in Ubuntu can be exploited
You don't need root to run a spam daemon.
People can crack weak authentication
Ubuntu users can be convinced into installing/running just about anything
Once in, hackers can upload/remote-download more software to send spam

Let's just be realistic about security here. A cross-platform Flash exploit could easily translate into a dropper loading and installing a spam daemon that runs itself on login. It doesn't need root.
Double-check the ISP's story
"But my ISP wouldn't lie to me!" said nobody ever. Many home ISPs do habitually block port 25 and others force you to use their SMTP servers (that's the only outgoing p25 connection they'll allow).
Being a moderator allows me to see your IP and I've checked your home ISP. If you google their name and "port 25" or "smtp", you'll see a lot of other people in similar situations. And they do have a central SMTP server.
I know you said this is a new issue but just double check it's not your ISP (or needing the right settings while on your ISP). The workaround at the end should still work for you.
Finding the problem
Though possible, I'm still not sure it's the most likely target. If you're anything like me, you're surrounded by internet connected devices and you need to look at them all.
I would start by asking the ISP for some evidence. Timestamps at the bare minimum but it would be great to see what they're using to make sure it's not an auto-flag gone wrong.

It could be that somebody has flagged a work email with the ISP's abuse department.

You need to know what OS you were using at the time. Both Ubuntu and Windows keep auth logs so compare them against any evidence they can send you.

Log outgoing port 25 activity with something like:
 iptables -I OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 25 -j LOG --log-prefix "mail connection"

I'm honestly not sure if that will work if you're being blocked already but it's worth a shot. Various Windows firewalls will offer you various logging alternatives.

Note that any device on your connection could be sending emails, not just your computer. Phones, wifi-enabled toasters, naughty neighbours, etc. Finding whatever is sending this mail could require a network level packet interception and logging. This is all possible but it's a pain in the rear.

Once you've exhausted more likely avenues, take your pick of Linux antivirus software. I can't personally speak for any of them or their detection rates.

Working around a block immediately
If you need to carry on, the easiest way to carry on sending email is through some sort of obfuscated or encrypted connection. If you have access to a SSH server  (eg at work) that can often be the best method.
ssh -D9100 user@host

Then just alter your email client to use a SOCKS proxy address localhost, port 9100. Your ISP won't be able to interfere with this and I'd be very surprised if whatever's sending the spam could guess the SOCKS configuration.
What's most likely in this case...?
Check to see if you can send email through your ISP's SMTP server. I've checked, yours has one. They might be forcing all their users to use it as that's very common. The tech support person might just be confused.
Ask another user (with another account, on another telephone line) to try connecting to your company's SMTP. This can be done quickly with telnet example.com 25.

If they can't connect, assume this is ISP-wide —not just your account— so it's probably not a security issue... It's just something you'll have top work with or work around.

If they can connect, you're back at square one. There has been something sending email from your network that has triggered your ISP to block you. Virus sweeps, traffic monitoring and paranoia are your best friends here.


Is it possible to get a mouse button (not recognized by xev) working?

I'm really no expert on this, but I think there's a way to listen to the low level signals/events you get.

I would unplug/plug the device to figure out where its device is created in the filesystem /dev/input and try to find a tool that "listens" to this device. Then see how to get this interpreted by X.


Am unable to install Ubuntu 18.04 on desktop from bootable USB drive

If you're using 16.04, the best way to create a bootable USB stick is to use dd.

sudo dd if=path_to_ISO_file of=/dev/sdx bs=4M && sudo sync

Warnings

sdx represents the device letter for the USB stick. It can be sda, sdb, sdc etc, so make sure you type the correct letter over there otherwise you may delete the contents of another drive irreversibly.
Make sure there are no spaces in the path_to_iso_file.

The best way to find the appropriate key to invoke the DIOS boot menu, is to consult your motherboard manual, since every M/B uses a different one. If you can't find it, you have to change the device boot order in the BIOS settings so that it boots from USB first.


Can I install Intel graphics installer for one version on the next version?

No the 13.10 deb will not install on 14.04.

You can try building from source and installing from there.

Download and extract the source from:
https://download.01.org/gfx/src/intel-linux-graphics-installer_1.0.4.tar.gz

I ran ./configure but got stuck at:

No package 'gtk+-3.0' found

No package 'gio-2.0' found

No package 'polkit-gobject-1' found

No package 'packagekit-glib2' found

No package 'libsoup-gnome-2.4' found

No package 'gmodule-2.0' found

I don't feel like installing all of these packages individually since gtk+-3.0 is more than 4GB.

Maybe someone else with more experience can take it from here?

UPDATE:
Available May 14th:
https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/2014/intelr-graphics-installer-1.0.5-linux

Although this did not work for me, on both my machines, I got stuck at:

Finished : E:GPG error: http://download.01.org trusty InRelease: Clearsigned file isn't valid, got 'NODATA' (does the network require authentication?)  [  ] ◦
main-window.c/on_transaction_finished: Package transaction finished with an error

I guess we just have to wait for Intel to fix their repo?


Integrity: Problem loading X.509 certificate -65

I had the EXACT same problem! At the end of the story, after several failed attempts to install Ubuntu on my machine, I started to suspect the HDD (which was very unpleasant, since I had just bought the PC). In the end, the problem was actually the HDD.

To run disk tests on your HDD, boot to a virtual Ubuntu machine and open the terminal.

To discover the path of your Linux partition, type:

sudo fdisk -l

The output should contain something like this:

Device         Start       End   Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sdb1       34        32767      32734    16M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sdb2      32767 1025777663 1025744896 489,1G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sdb3 1025777663 1026828287    1050624   513G EFI System
/dev/sdb4 1026828287 1953523711  926695424 441.9G Linux filesystem

The partition that is giving problems, in my case, is the /dev/sdb4.

Then run:

sudo badblocks -sv /dev/sdb

And wait to see if there is errors in your partition. If yes, now you know what is causing the problem.

After this, run:

sudo fdck /dev/sdb4

If you notice an error in your HDD, you should change it as soon as possible.
Hope this helps!


Can I boot an external SSD with Ubuntu 18.04 installed on any computer?

No you can not use the same Ubuntu thumb drive to boot a computer with Arm processors, or one that does not meet hardware spec's, or is 32bit. The drive needs to be made BIOS/UEFI compatible to boot both BIOS and UEFI computers. This is not too hard to do:

Ubuntu on a USB stick - boot in both BIOS and UEFI modes

This works with SSD also.

The last time I checked Nvidia proprietary graphic drivers did not interfere when booting a computer without a Nvidia graphics card.


Why does F12 global key doesn't work when focus is on shipped gnome apps in Ubuntu 17.10?

I found a workaround for this issue on the official Guake github-page:
Select Keyboard from Ubuntu Settings.
At the bottom of the page click on + and set a new shortcut:
Name: Guake
Command: guake -t
Shortcut: F12

Note: No reboot is needed after setting the shortcut.


Unified remote, Bluetooth: left and right clicks not working

I ran into this issue a while ago and found a way to make it work. I don't know exactly why this is a problem, but for me the issue is the mouse.click action used by UnifedRemote doesn't work. But fortunately, both the mouse.down and mouse.up actions do!
So if you're up for making some code changes, you can edit the mouse remote (make sure to make a backup copy of the file beforehand!) and replace the mouse.click actions with both mouse.down and mouse.up. I'm not sure exactly which remote file corresponds to the actual mouse remote, but it's probably either /opt/urserver/remotes/Unified/Core/Mouse/remote.lua or /opt/urserver/remotes/Unified/Core/Input/remote.lua.
I actually made a custom mouse remote to do this, you can find some tutorials for creating custom remotes here: https://www.unifiedremote.com/tutorials/tags/Custom%20Remotes


How can I install Linux on my extra hard drive?

you can try to install Linux with an installation media (with USB,etc) and installing the OS on the hard disk that you want, make sure that nothing important is on that hard disk.


New OS running on VirtualBox does not run

Go to the BIOS settings and enable Virtualiztion technology (for me, it's Intel Virtualization). Or you can just use only one processor in your virtualbox settings.


Inconsistency between date-time in terminal and clock

Thanks you're right. Didn't catch that TZ was also set as America/Chicago in my ~/.profile file...


Laptop slows down while charging battery

Since that fix does not work any more on Ubuntu 16.04 with kernel 4.4.0-25 on my DELL E5440 laptop, the solution for me is to use a 90W battery charger (instead of the 65W).
I found the idea on a post on the bug report by Till Seuring.


How to connect to a "Private" screen session

Maybe this https://superuser.com/questions/193798/is-it-possible-to-make-a-screen-session-private is what you hit. GNU Screen can have password protected sessions.


How to upload a package to Launchpad using quickly

It works even though the error is displayed.


How do you run a GUI application without GUI (gui application as daemon on headless server)?

I think you are referring to xvfb - the ability to run in a framebuffer.

 or sudo apt-get install xvfb

You need to specify a resolution and colour depth as well as the nominal display number

Usage:

xvfb :1 -screen 0 800x600x8 &
export DISPLAY=":1"
java application_name.jar

or shorter:

xvfb-run -a -e /tmp/some/log/file.log java -jar /home/user/somejava.jar

-a chooses a display number automatically, -e file specifies a logfile for error messages.


Unable to open HDD partitions after migrating Ubuntu to SSD

Could not access it with cd either but finally found what was wrong. I attached a USB storage and got error that I do not have necessary permission to show the contents. Doing sudo chown $USER: /media/$USER/ solved the issue for USB and HDD both.


!! in bash is an alias for the previous command (see Event Designators). So it re-runs the previous command with sudo permissions.


Ethernet does not work with a specific cable (Ubuntu 15.10)

it sounds similar to the problem that I have at the moment. Unfortunately I have not been able to find a solution yet but I will let you know if I figure it out.
edit

In the meantime please could you post the output of the following commands

lspci | grep Ethernet
ifconfig eth0
sudo lshw -class bridge
sudo lshw -class network

edit 2

For reference

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1003297

https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1551149#p1551149


Wrong approach. While creating the script, set the x flag as well! Or, when executing the created script, prepend sh or bash to it:

Instead of:

/tmp/myscript.sh

use:

bash /tmp/myscript.sh

Like that you don't have to make the script executable.


installing nvidia GT 740m driver on Ubuntu 13.10 get Black screen after login!

i solved by installing Bumblebee. add the ppa to my system from the Xorg-Edgers PPA

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update

check which nvidia driver you already installed run this command dpkg -l | grep -i nvidia and remove it in my case i had nvidia-current .

sudo apt-get remove nvidia-current nvidia-settings

then install bumblebee

sudo apt-get install bumblebee-nvidia nvidia-319


Does Ubuntu touch OS uses Compiz to perform animations

Ubuntu Touch uses Unity 8, which uses Mir & Qt rather than Compiz for that


Should I use jigit to save bandwidth when downloading daily CD images?

This isn't an answer how to use jigit, but I think you're using the wrong tool for the job here.

jigdo (and it's associated tools like jigit) is useful to people who have an Ubuntu mirror handy and want to assemble an ISO out of that archive. I've done this and it's kind of annoying, it's more a tool for people who run archives and want to make it available to jigdo users.

It sounds like you want to save bandwidth and so you don't have to redownload things in the ISO. The end user tool you want to use for that is zsync. In the ISO directory of ubuntu releases (and mirrors) you will find a .zsync file that you can use to keep your ISO up to date. You use it like this:

zsync http://cdimages.ubuntu.com/daily/current/precise-alternate-amd64.iso.zsync

Will keep an up to date ISO of the alternate installer for precise for you. The next day you just run that again and it will sync just the differences between the 2 ISOs.

The testing tool testdrive is a convenient tool for testing development releases in a VM; it has built in support for zsync downloading. You can use testdrive to make getting the ISOs easier.

It has downloading functionality built in, which will ask you which ISO you want and then keep an updated copy for you in ~/.cache/testdrive/iso, and the GTK gui will automatically notify you when new ISOs are available or you can just use the command line version.


Why do I get the error: "Error found when loading /home/ubuntu/.profile:"?

You can't fix the problem but there is no need to fix the problem. Test Ubuntu and if you wish to install it, install it and the warning will be gone.


Problem with Adobe Audition 1.5 (running under Wine)

Please, clarify some things is it only in wine that adobe audition refuses to play audio files or does same happen in windows too. Since the problem mostly seems to be restricted to adobe auditions i would say its more or so wine related.
Try checking your sound setting of wine and see if you are able to play something else

$ winecfg

Also try clearing all your wine setting and then installing adobe auditions again(WARNING THIS WILL DELETE ALL WINE DATA)

rm -r ~/.wine
sudo  apt-get purge wine
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo  apt-get install wine


Why my live installation results blank screen?

Check that you disable the Secure Boot as well as Fast Boot as stated in the UEFI part of the documentation.


Ubuntu 11.10 won't detect my second monitor

If you have an Nvidia card:
install your drivers by opening Additional Drivers and installing the recommended option. Then, try checking out the settings in "nvidia-settings". Go into the Display Configuration category and make sure that neither of your monitors are disabled. If so, change them to TwinView.


How can i install splashtop streamer on ubuntu server 18.04

I'm afraid you might be out of luck. According to: Splashtop Streamer for Linux (Beta):

  This version of the Splashtop Streamer supports Ubuntu 12.10 and
  12.04; currently there is no support for other versions of Ubuntu or other Linux distributions


Why does swapoff -a only work for a few hours?

Please remember that by disabling swap You are putting Yourself at risk losing progress of anything You do in case of unexpected shutdown.

To disable swap edit /etc/fstab

sudo nano /etc/fstab

Then comment every line with # that is responding to swap.

Regarding swapoff, its only disabling swap for current session.


FIRST: run sudo apt-get update.
SECOND: the fastest solution is to install aptitude with sudo apt-get install aptitude and run it: it will find the conflict and propose a solution if you press "!" (watch the red horizontal line in the bottom of the aptitude console interface).
Select a solution (any solution which doesn't remove a big number or packets or a kernel should be OK), press G to apply it.
After that exit form aptitude and run sudo apt-get dist-upgrade to do a good update and re-check for problems.
Don't remove a kernel or the kernel headers (watch the description of the "linux" packages).
THIRD: After a reboot (superfluous but...) try to install Ubuntu Software Center.
Hope you'll solve. (arrow up if you solve, comment here to ask more questions on the topic)


Oops -- installing the NVIDIA driver and then rebooting seems to have solved the problem. It's a good thing you don't have to be very smart to breath.


Why is the ufw firewall blocking my request when I have the port set to open?

I ran iptables -xvnL as suggested above and realized that the rules were not applied.
So I ran:
sudo ufw disable
sudo ufw enable

And then it worked, I guess that's the SQL COMMIT of ufw.


Install ubuntu-restricted-extras
Also have a look at the Ubuntu wiki page on restricted formats.


When I played Second Life (on MEPIS 11 and Kubuntu 14.04, last in 2014) the general recommendation was to use Firestorm, from Phoenix, rather than the Linden Labs viewer.  There's a 64-bit version that updates regularly, and ought to keep up with changes in Ubuntu better than the Linden version.  It's no harder to install, in my recollection, and worked better at that time.


How can I change the owner of sda3 from root to my user to avoid permission problems?

You can try to open the terminal app and type

sudo chown -R $USER /dev/sda3

Explanation:

sudo will ask for the root password once to get permission to make these changes;
chown does the change of ownership
-R makes is recursive to all subfolders and files
$USER uses the current user name
the last argument is the path of directory to be changed

Read more about:

How to change permission of a drive in an external hard disk?
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man1/chown.1.html

Alternatively, you can login as root in the GUI and make the changes in the windows you showed us. Welcome to the world of Ubuntu. You may learn to love the CLI (e.g. terminal app) throughout the time!


Sticky notes lost original functionality in 16.04, how to get it back?

There are two problems and they are not related.

Problem 1: notes are not saved

Since Ubuntu 16.04 or Linux Mint 18.x or Fedora 24 the distros with Gnome and MATE desktops do not create the folder where StickyNotes applet tries to save its data. This is a serious bug because user data gets lost!

I helped fixing this bug in MATE and the patch was merged upstream on 8-Jul-2017. For Gnome it has been fixed on the same day. We can expect that the distros will release the fix in a few weeks in their regular updates.
See https://github.com/mate-desktop/mate-applets/issues/254

Meanwhile you can simply create the missing folder manually by executing this line in a Terminal:

on a Gnome desktop:

mkdir -p ~/.config/gnome-applets

or on a MATE desktop:

mkdir -p ~/.config/mate

Problem 2: can't select text

This bug has been fixed in Gnome.
See comment #4 on https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-applets/+bug/1703110

It also has been reported to the MATE team, but is not fixed yet.
See https://github.com/mate-desktop/mate-applets/issues/236

If you are affected by this bug you can press Ctrl+A to select the whole text of a note and then Cut/Copy/Delete it although the selection will not be visible.

Hint: to undo and redo recent edits you can press Ctrl+Z and Ctrl+Shift+Z !


Network disconnects precisely at same time

I think in your router's parental control menu , someone has just put your mac id to be disconnected at that time....or you may have done it accidentaly


Can't understand if sudo is working or not

You are executing these commands from a root shell prompt, so you don't need to preface the commands with sudo and you don't need to run sudo -i at all because you are already root.

The command in this answer is incorrect because chmod is repeated twice:

chmod chmod u=rwxs,g=rx,o=rx /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/pkexec

The correct command is:

chmod u=rwxs,g=rx,o=rx /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/pkexec


To answer your first question: yes, you would simply restore the /home folder from the backup location and you're done. After a fresh install, it's OK to restore the backup files over any new files that may have been created. However, you will need to manually reinstall any (non-standard) applications that were installed on your old disk. There are ways to accomplish this easily as well, but since you asked about data, not applications, I won't go into that.
Once reinstalled, applications will (as a rule) use the old restored data in /home.
Using rsync is quite simple, so if you're comfortable with that, go ahead. DejaDup just gives you the GUI. You won't want to use sudo though, in order to preserve file ownership.
Generally, backing up and restoring NTFS disks is OK, although there may be some glitches when using filenames with special characters. You will need to experiment a bit with the iocharset parameter in /etc/fstab before you get that right.


Slow reboot - understanding fsck and tune2fs

To answer the easiest question first:  Checking a filesystem "at any time" (i.e., when the system is running) is referred to as "online" checking, and in general, it isn't supported.  The reason is simple:  when a filesystem is mounted, the kernel is doing arbitrary things to the actual block device--which is fine, because it keeps track of what it's doing.  But when you throw fsck into the mix, it too messes with the raw block device and doesn't inform the kernel about what it's doing.  So they essentially step on each other's toes when making changes to the disk, and you end up with a corrupted filesystem.  Even if you just "check" in read-only mode, the results fsck returns will be meaningless, again because fsck has no idea what the kernel is doing.

To change the frequency the filesystem is checked when you mount it, you will use tune2fs, as you mentioned.  Suppose you'd like to fsck every 30 reboots.  Do

# tune2fs -c 30 /dev/sdaX

(Substitute the block device for your filesystem.)

Or, if for some reason you'd like to disable mount-count-based checking entirely,

# tune2fs -c 0 /dev/sdaX

If you'd rather check on a calendar, you can use -i.  For example, to check every week, do

# tune2fs -i 1w /dev/sdaX

You can use d for days, w for weeks, and m for months.  Again, to disable calendar-based checking, give a value of 0 for the interval.  Please, please, please don't disable all checking.  You will, at some point, corrupt your filesystem.

In general, you can get away with slightly longer intervals if the filesystem is journaled, although it isn't a replacement.  For more info, read the man pages for e2fsck and tune2fs; they're where I got most of the info for this.  Hope this helps!


Tried to add a command to my startup list, now it gets stuck when trying to boot up

Assuming you used the Startup Applications utility to add your command, according to this answer https://askubuntu.com/a/63413/55779 you should be able to:

Boot into a bootable Ubuntu USB stick.
Mount your HD and go to /home/YOURUSER/.config/autostart (or /etc/xdg/autostart if you set it up globally).
Edit the .desktop file for your custom command with a text editor of your choice.
Set X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled to false.
Save the file.

Reboot without the USB stick and assuming there are no other problems, your system should boot back up normally.


1) I... de-allocated all space for Windows... (t)hen...I restarted the computer and now it does not load anything at all, except for a black screen with a blinking cursor.
You didn't complete the installation, so there's no boot manager, no GRUB, no operating system. Time to start over by making a Live USB; that links to Windows and Ubuntu instructions to make a booting Ubuntu LiveUSB.

The installation instructions for Ubuntu are the same, whether you made your LiveUSB with Windows or with Ubuntu.

When you reach step 6, Allocate Drive Space, choose the first option shown there to Erase Disk and Install Ubuntu, which will fix the broken disk partition and give it all to Ubuntu.

2) ...have I deleted both windows and Ubuntu from the system? Yes.

3) ...is there a way to correct this error? At your level of expertise, no. It would require a skilled professional, knowledgeable in disk partition recovery. Only you can determine whether it is worth the cost to recover what was on that drive.


You do not need to recur to external commands (as ls) because find can do all you need through the -printf action:

find /path -printf '%T+ %p\n' | sort -r | head


Apparently a domain group mapped via winbind changes its GID to the local group's GID (according to group map) only when this group is effective for an ongoing smb session. To get to this conclusion took me countless hours...


Cannot use Steam after upgrade Trusty 14.04.1 to the 14.04.2 HWE

It`s a bug already reported in launchpad https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mesa/+bug/1424263

Some people are having luck with these packages:

sudo apt-get install libc6:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-utopic:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-utopic:i386


Can iptables log be directed to different log files in different iptables command?

Use double quotes:

iptables -A INPUT -i em1 -j LOG --log-prefix="iptables1: "
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i em1 -j LOG --log-prefix="iptables2: "

What log-prefix mean:

--log-prefix - When logging, put this text before the log message. Use double quotes around the text to use.

Source


How to make terminal in i3 transparent? (preferences tab not working)

This can be called status by design, transparency does not work in i3.
The compton FAQ explains why:

Let’s face it: Using transparency (or ARGB background with transparent
parts) on any window decorated by i3 is known to break.
The problem is in how i3 adds title bars to windows. Unlike most
window managers, i3 creates a completely separate window for the title
bar (rather than wrapping it inside a frame window that contains both
the application window and its title bar).

Further reading

i3wm’s reddit: Make terminals transparent?


How to redirect a URL to a custom IP address?

The easiest way to come about this is properly installing dnsmasq (which is a DNS cacheing server) then in the folder /etc/dnsmasq.d add a file for each domain you want to redirect.

For instance this is the contents of /etc/dnsmasq.d/hotmail.com on my system:

address=/hotmail.com/127.0.0.1
address=/www.hotmail.com/127.0.0.1

If I then ask the DNS server for the IP of hotmail.com i get 127.0.0.1 like this:

llp@cerberus:~$ nslookup hotmail.com
Server:     192.168.0.10
Address:    192.168.0.10#53

Name:   hotmail.com
Address: 127.0.0.1

llp@cerberus:~$

There are a bit more options you can set, they can all be found described in /etc/dnsmasq.conf


"Invalid system disk, Replace the disk, and then press any key" while trying to boot Ubuntu

Yes You can install ubuntu to a computer with no operating system.
I sounds like your hard disk is not properly created. Remember copying ISO to USB doesn't make your USB bootable.

Prepare using command line tool (for any linux distribution)

Use command 'dd' to write iso to your usb drive. This will first erase everything on usb drive so select the drive carefully.
Syntax is sudo dd if='/path/to/iso/image of=/dev/sdX repalce X with the letter of your usb.USe sudo fdisk -l to know whats the name of your usb device. OR use unetbootin.
Then boot into live usb and use gparted to format your internal hdd

If you want GUI way.

If you have access to windows system,
Use any of the following program to create bootable USB

LILI
Unetbootin
Universal USb installer

If you have access to Ubuntu System

Use Startup disk creator in ubuntu.
Unetbootin


Dpkg keep saying that need to --configure -a while trying for network issues on Inspiron 1545

To do what ever else first you have to resolve the home issue. just open your terminal and type as

sudo dpkg --configure -a

What it will do ?

 --configure package...|-a|--pending
          Reconfigure an unpacked package. If -a  or  --pending  is  given
          instead  of  package, all unpacked but unconfigured packages are
          configured.

          Configuring consists of the following steps:

          1. Unpack the conffiles, and at the same time back  up  the  old
          conffiles, so that they can be restored if something goes wrong.

          2. Run postinst script, if provided by the package.

after fixing the above issue,  you can install/remove

sudo apt-get remove bcmwl-kernel-source


Can't launch windows 8, trying to use Ubuntu

First check if in your boot sequence the CD/DVD is before HDD.
(you can do this either by entering in BIOS, usually by pressing DEL or F2 in the beginning or by entering in quick boot menu (usually F10 or F12))

If yes, and you can't still boot from CD/DVD, you should use an ubuntu distribution that supports UEFI boot (14.04 supports it)...


How do I uninstall steam without the software center or the terminal

Had a similar issue, I did this:

Open Terminal and enter the following commands:

sudo apt-get -f install --fix-broken
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/* -vf
sudo apt-get update

Some useful info here: LINK1 and here: LINK2

and this post here: LINK3


this should work

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dri:i386

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-glx:i386

sudp apt-get install libc6:i386

if it didn't work then try installing the 64-bit version


I cannot find the proper Mac theme for my Ubuntu system. Help?

The Themes Collection by NoobsLab PPA, which is up-to-date up to Ubuntu 18.04, has an interesting selection of themes for Ubuntu, including MBuntu. To add this PPA to your software sources, open the terminal and run the following commands:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
sudo apt-get update

Then you can install any of five different macbuntu packages for Ubuntu 15.10 and many other theme packages for Ubuntu 15.10 from the Ubuntu Software Center.
Features

Themes are shiny, smooth, fast, and look like the latest Mac
Mac Boot Splash auto configuration
Mac theme for LightDM-webkit auto configuration
Separate GTK themes for each desktop (Unity, Gnome Classic, Linux Mint)
Latest icon set
Three Docky themes
Auto set themes and icons script


Instructions since they added it to the repositories in 13.04+!

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nemo

Use the ones below if you want a slightly-more-up-to-date version.

DO NOT USE THESE IN 13.10, unless you aren't using a unity-based Ubuntu flavour.

To install the stable version of Nemo:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nemo

To install the bleeding edge version:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-nightly
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nemo

Note: Nemo also shows up as Files in the dash, so the first instance of Files should hopefully be Nemo.

If you want to continue using Nautilus for drawing your desktop icons:

Show all the startup apps:

sudo sed -i 's/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/g' /etc/xdg/autostart/nemo-autostart.desktop

Then, uncheck the item under Startup Applications that says:

Files
Start Nemo desktop at login


What layout should I use with this odd keyboard?

Most keyboards with a US layout use either generic 101-key or generic 104-key.  If the keyboard have the two Win keys and the Menu key, then its a 104-key keyboard.

Since the keyboard you're using only has one Win key, more than likely it uses a generic 101 layout.


I want to find out if my Lenovo laptop has a Sandy or Ivy Bridge

The lshw command can show you the CPU model, and you can look it up on Wikipedia:

 sudo lshw -C CPU | grep product
 product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3330 CPU @ 3.00GHz

In general, for a Core iX processor, if the model number is 2XXX, it is a Sandy Bridge model, Ivy Bridge if 3XXX and Haswell if 4XXX.

Of course, the lshw command uses internationalization, so the above command may fail for non-English locales. Try without the grep in that cases and look for some output along the lines above.

The lshw output states you have an Intel Core i5 520M CPU, which is of the Westmere architecture. Westmere predates Sandy Bridge, and Intel P-state is only supported from Sandy Bridge onwards according to the kernel documentation.


If you want save changes :wq!, but if something wrong and you want quit anyway (ignore changes) - :q!

Often you can start edit file with no permissions to save it. You can make many changes and then understood, you can't save it. In this case i recommend save as it:

:w tmp_filename

then exit vim and replace old file with tmp_filename.


How to install composer when I get allowed memory error

Memory limit errors

"This is a list of common pitfalls on using Composer, and how to avoid them" Duplicated the response.


Can see my hosted files after upgrading apache

Your html or php files have to be moved to the new root:

/var/www/html/


I think that this worked for me:

Linux uses CPU frequency scaling to save power; when the machine is resumed, it should start increasing the CPU frequency to meet the demands of the system, but it doesn’t always do that. A reboot fixes the problem, but who has time for that? The good news is that it’s an easy fix with the cpupower utility.

Instructions on this page: https://www.perl.com/article/fixing-a-sluggish-linux-after-suspend-resume/


How to remove Windows 7 partition and install Windows 10

I performed the above steps and all went well.
I summarize and mark this as the answer:

Remove the boot partition of Windows (sda1) + Windows partition (sda2) (Ubuntu is still bootable)
Install Windows on the unallocated space
Windows will reboot after installation. From then on only Windows is bootable.
Reboot from the boot-repair-disk and choose Recommended Repair. This will take some minutes. Review the log - normally it should have found Ubuntu & Windows OS partitions.
Reboot again and now you should be presented with GRUB menu on boot

This process is really straightforward. Just pay attention to which partition(s) are assigned to Windows and always make a backup before you perform these steps (!).


sudo -i gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/modules

Add unix at the end. Save, exit and then:

sudo update-initramfs -k 4.6.1-040601-generic -u
sudo reboot


"Could not open display `(null)'" error. How can I fix this?

Errors like this mean that you are running a program that needs a graphical display and it can't find one. GUI programs connect to the display defined by the $DISPLAY environmental variable. The general format of the error is

Could not open display $DISPLAY

Since, in your case, the error says (null), this means that $DISPLAY is not set. You therefore need to:

If you are logging in to a remote machine using something like ssh, you will need to export the $DISPLAY of your local machine and tell the remote computer to display GUI programs there. This can be done with the -X or -Y options of ssh:

ssh -Y root@10.251.56.90

As explained in man ssh:

 -Y  Enables trusted X11 forwarding.  Trusted X11 forwardings are not
     subjected to the X11 SECURITY extension controls.
 -X  Enables X11 forwarding.  This can also be specified on a per-host
     basis in a configuration file.

If this is your local machine, you need to install a graphical environment. If one is already installed, assuming a default Ubuntu setup, you can start it with this command:

sudo service lightdm start

If you have a graphical environment running but for whatever reason, $DISPLAY is set to null, you can redefine it. The details will depend on your actual situation but in most cases, what you will need (assuming, again, you are on your local machine) is

export DISPLAY=:0.0

You can then run your GUI program normally.
If you do have an X server running but have switched to a tty (for example by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1), you might simply need to return to your graphical environment. This depends on which virtual console your GUI is running but in most cases on Ubuntu that will be 7, so you can get back to it using Alt+F7.

If that does not bring you back to your desktop, just cycle through all ttys Alt+Left Arrow or Alt+Right Arrow until you find the right one.
Another common problem is that you have started an X session as your normal user and are now trying to connect to it as root or another user. To enable this, you need to specify that this user has the right to access your graphical desktop. For example:

xhost +si:localuser:terdon

That will allow the local user terdon to connect to the running X server. The command needs to be run by the owner of the X session. Alternatively, to allow anyone to connect:

xhost +

And to revoke permissions:

xhost -


No matter what mouse I use with Ubuntu 12.04 - None Work

I really think your problem is VMWare oriented. I tested PS/2 mouse, Serial mouse, USB Mouse, optical and even special Logitech mouse that did not work when 12.04 came out but were fixed later on (At least 2 weeks after I first mentioned the problem). So all mice are working out of the box. So I am pretty sure your problem is more VMWare and not Ubuntu.

My suggestions:

Insert an Ubuntu LiveCD/LiveDVD/LiveUSB and test Ubuntu without the VMWare
Test your mouse in another PC running Ubuntu as the main OS


Yes the guide is intended to be used with the internal HDD. So you need to partition your disk to make some room for linux prior to install it.
Disabling Secure boot is required in this tutorial as it doesn't show how to enable it again. This blog post talks about re-enabling the secure boot. But his solution doesn't seem perfect. I personaly do not concider this as a primary issue, and I am running without Secure boot, although, when a better solution will emerge I'll probably apply it.
About your issue of landing on a grub command line before having the actual grub customized UI. Hmm, you should probably focus on getting the classical grub running. Once you've secured this, you can optional dive deeper to get the Graphical UI running. This will help you sort out if it's the final patches that are involved in the issue you are facing or if it is a deeper issue.


The installed apps probably will not be affected terribly, but as a normal upgrade, you should disable/remove any third party PPAs, adding them back after the upgrade, and remove any proprietary video drivers before doing the upgrade.  And always make backups of essential, important or interesting data...

Additionally, Ubuntu-gnome 16.10 is very near end-of-life.  You should chose either the 16.04 LTS, or 17.04 for the upgrades.


Remap Fn+F3 from XF86Sleep to XF86MonBrightnessUp

Take a look at xmodmap.

If you want to have the changes you did with it persist, create a script in /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d and just add all the xmodmap commands you executed before, each on its own line, into it.  The existing scripts there seem to be bash scripts, so start with the line

#!/bin/bash

You will need root permissions to create that file, read about that in your favorite linux wiki if you aren't familiar with it. If you created the script, you'll still have to make it executable with chmod +x /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d/YOUR_SCRIPT_NAME.sh – for more details, again, go to your favorite linux wiki.


I was not able to find anyway to do it, but that is in no was definitive.

If you are just looking for a keyboard shortcut to do a search easily, that is already built into firefox. Ctrl+k will send you directly to the search box in the upper right hand corner of your browser.

Mozilla Help gives you all the keyboard shortcuts that are built into Firefox.

I realize that at best this is only a half answer to your actual question but it could still be helpful(I hope).


grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/sda1

Check your /boot/efi directory tree. Assuming your ESP is mounted there, you should have a file called /boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi. (Note that the case can vary after /boot/efi, since that's a FAT filesystem, which is case-insensitive.) If that file is missing, try widening the search on /boot/efi; typing find /boot/efi -iname "*.efi". This will show you all the EFI boot loaders and other programs on the ESP.

If the bootmgfw.efi file is present but is in a strange location, try moving it. If it's not present, you'll need to run Microsoft's recovery tools to get it back. They may tinker with your boot loader boot order, though, necessitating booting a Linux emergency disc and fixing things with efibootmgr.

If bootmgfw.efi is present and is where it should be, try grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg. This will generate a fresh GRUB configuration file with your 40_custom entry. (That entry obviates the need to probe for your Windows installation.)

If that fails or if you don't like the result, you can supplement or ditch GRUB. I recommend rEFInd (disclaimer: I maintain it). rEFInd has the advantage of auto-probing for available boot loaders at boot time, so it should auto-detect both Windows and GRUB. Since you're using Ubuntu 12.10, rEFInd can even boot Ubuntu without the help of GRUB, although that requires some extra configuration, as described on rEFInd's Linux booting page.


Gnome terminal causes separate icon in launcher

This happens to be quite often (I often reinstall different versions of gnome-terminal). I don't know the cause of the issue, but I just simply remove the old icon (the one without the "dots") and lock the new one to the launcher.


The first time the keyring manager runs it will ask you to enter a keyring password.
This password is used to unlock your keyring / access the stored passwords in your key ring.

To reset your password see this post https://askubuntu.com/a/65294/223798


Strange behaviour of Launcher icon positions

this a bug:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity/+bug/885937

but, this bug isn't important for ubuntu team in this moment


Install ubuntu on lenovo t540p without bricking

I went ahead with the install and there were no problems. With Windows 7 pre-installed the BIOS was already configured as suggested by the links in my earlier post. Switching out the hard drive and then installing 14.04 was pretty straight forward.


No sound from headphones Ubuntu 17.10 on 2013 iMac

Okay after searching and searching I finally found an answer that works! I'll post the link and the summary here if anyone else has this issue.

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=12043359

The solution is to edit (as sudo) /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf and at the bottom of the file add the line options snd-hda-intel model=imac27_122 . I can't speak if this works for newer imacs or different sized imacs but it does work for the 2013 27" model on 17.10 as well.

(Note i tried options snd-hda-intel model=auto but that did not work.)


Kill all processes except the one running the script

I think

killall -u myuser --ignore-case <script-name>

should do the trick


I am sorry about your data loss.

Try follow instruction from this page. It doesn't guarantee 100% data recovery but I once have similar accident and able to recover most data I need by following that.

One thing to watch out for. Keep your affected drive usage as low as possible, any further use of the drive could worsen your chance of recovery. Better use a live CD or bootable USB.


gnome-terminal instantly closes after messing with the profile settings

You can manipulate the gnome-terminal settings programmatically using gconftool e.g. to restore the settings of the default profile

open a plain xterm from the dash
execute gconftool --recursive-unset /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default


When will netplan support promiscuous mode?

While the move to netplan dropped a commonly used feature that had been long included in the primary mechanism for setting frequently used states on network interfaces. Especially for those that use network taps for applications like snort, bro, suricata, pcap services, etc.; there are lesser-known options that can supplement netplans shortfalls and achieve these desired operations natively in Ubuntu.

This thread, while over a year old, still explains the exact issue, the current state of functionality and workarounds also highlighted in the comments above:
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2390958

Networkd-dispatcher is a set of python scripts that "bridge" the functionality gaps in netplan.


How can I make my web server visible to everyone?

That is a security measure, Any packet from a private address will be rejected by Your Router (Modem) external interface which hold your Public IP and has 80 open.

  Your PC             Your Router (Modem)                     Internet
Private IP <---+-> [Private IP -- Public IP:80] <--~ISP~--> Whatever IP's
               |                                                 ^
Another PC     |                                                 |
Private IP <---/                                                 |
                                                                 |
 Friend PC           Friend Router (Modem)                       |
Private IP <-----> [Private IP -- Public IP] <--~ISP~------------/

So trying to connect your PublicIP:80 as it seen from your router prospective:

Your PC PC (PrivateIP) is rejected
Another PC (PrivateIP) from same LAN is rejected
Friend PC (PublicIP) is accepted
Another web server (PublicIP) as you did the port test is accepted

The solution is to use an external proxy for your phone.


Since you appear to only want to descend into the immediate subdirectories, you can avoid find altogether and just run each make clean in a subshell e.g.

for d in */; do (cd "$d" && make clean); done

You can add a test for the existence of a Makefile if you wish, but make will fail gracefully if it doesn't find one (or if there is no clean target).


How to enable tab autocomplete for scripts located in ~/bin?

Even scripts need the executable bit set.


How to uninstall Windows from a Dual Boot system?

Since your question is really several questions, I'll divide my answer into parts. Unfortunately I'm sitting on my windows laptop now, so I can't generate any screenshots or even test the programs and see where all the options are - if there's something you can't find, don't hesitate to ask.
1. How do you remove Windows from a dual-boot configuration without having to go through another Ubuntu installation?
When you installed Ubuntu alongside Windows, the installer created (at least) one new partition on your hard drive, on which Ubuntu was installed. Windows usually occupies two partitions (one for the boot loader and one for C:\), so that would mean you now have three.
If you, when you start Windows, have any files you want to save on C:\, you need to back them up before you continue. One way to do that would be to simply copy them to the Ubuntu partition, which can be done by following these steps:

Boot your computer into Ubuntu
Open Nautilus (the file browser, equivalent of Explorer in WinXP) and find your Windows partition in the device list on the left. Click the device.
Find your files on that partition, and copy them to somewhere you can find them. If you put them in ~username/backup they won't be in anyones way.

Next, you want to remove the Windows partition entirely, in order to free the space so Ubuntu can use it. This most easily done with GParted.

If you don't have GParted installed, install it by opening a terminal and entering
sudo apt-get install gparted
Open GParted by typing gksu gparted &
In GParted, locate the Windows partition, select it, delete it and click Apply. Warning! After you do this, the data on your Windows partition is lost forever!
Mark the empty space, find "Create new partition" somewhere and choose an appropriate name ("Data", for example). If you intend to only use Ubuntu in the future, you can format the drive as ext4 - but if you may want to move back to Windows you should probably choose NTFS so Windows can use that partition. NTFS works almost as well as ext4 under Ubuntu, but there are a few quirks - for example, Google Chrome (and Chromium) cannot download files to an NTFS drive.
Open "Storage Disk Manager" (for example by searching for it in the Unity search box). Click the partition you just created (you might have to look around for a while and click several of the /dev/sdaX options...) and configure it to mount on startup. Note the mount point that is shown - this is where on the Ubuntu file system you will access the files on the partition from now on.

Instead of creating a new partition and mounting it, you could also start from a Live CD/USB and expand the Ubuntu partition. However, I would strongly recommend having a separate partition for stuff you want to keep regardless of OS version. My reasons for this will become apparent in the next part of this answer...
2. Are the Ubuntu updates safe to take?
If, by "Ubuntu updates", you mean the updates provided by the package management system every now and then, then yes, they are safe and stable. However, the upgrade process between Ubuntu versions (for example from Ubuntu 11.04 to 11.10) is not always as stable, and it is usually recommended to install the new version from scratch instead of upgrading. (A fresh install is also usually a lot faster...)
Because this is so, it is often useful to have separate disk partitions for stuff you want to keep between upgrades. On my Ubuntu machine I have separate partitions for /home, /boot, and /data - and that has saved me many times when I screwed up some weird configuration file and had to reinstall Ubuntu to fix it.
3. Is there any such thing as a restore points in Ubuntu?
No, there is not. Therefore, it is extremely important that you take care and backup any sensitive data that you do not want to lose before you alter your system.


Automatic screen lock not working Ubuntu 20.04

Screen lock is disabled by default with lightdm on Ubuntu 18+ due security issues.

check more here:

SO original question
Bug on launchpad #1
Bug on launchpad #2
or just try yourself: lock screen, press CTRL+ALT+F7  and you will
be back on your desktop without providing a password

You can check you display manager with: sudo systemctl status display-manager

If you still want to lock your screen with lightdm - you can use dm-tool lock. Also you can add it to keyboard shortcut as command (e.g. Super+L).

Switching to gdm3 helped: sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3


Wubi install, lost home folder, recovery options?

When you install ubuntu using wubi, you are installing it as and app inside windows. Anyway, in order to find your files on your usb disk, first try to check unused space of your usb disk. If it shows that you have your files there, then make sure that they are not hidden by any means. If you didn't have your files on your usb disk, then try to recover them using a cool tool named testdisk. And durin doing these steps Don't write anything on your usb disk, this may cause loss of data.


How to compile Linux kernel module: printk missing?

Problem solved with a couple learned lessons:

"You must use the kernel headers of the kernel you're compiling against.Using the default /usr/include/linux won't
work" (source)
Compiling with gcc directly isn't recommended - Kernel has kbuild system: "The author of an external module should supply a makefile that hides most of the complexity, so one only has to type "make" to build the module."
$(PWM) for some reason doesn't work, but $(shell pwm) works. (found here). This also played a role because M=$(PWM) would give

make[2]: *** No rule to make target 'arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_32.tbl', needed by 'arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_32.h'.  Stop.

error. Also, per kernel documentation one could also do

make -C /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build M=$PWD

but haven't tried that.

Makefile I've used:

obj-m += hello.o

KDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build

all:
    $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(shell pwd) modules

clean:
    make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(shell pwd) modules

The resulting module works as expected and can be inserted and removed with nice messages "<1> Hello World" and "<1> Goodbye" printed to dmesg.


How to create symbolic link when I insert a X10 firecracker USB device

I took the easy way out... I added ln -s /dev/ttyUSB0 /dev/firecracker to /etc/rc.local.


How to clean folder leftovers of the apps that are no longer in use?

Try:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get autoclean

If that doesn't work try:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get clean

When uninstalling Remove vs Purge.

sudo apt-get remove <package-name> the configuration files are not removed.

sudo apt-get purge <package-name> Might be more suitable for what it is that you are looking to do. As this will also purge the configuration files.

EDIT: This does not remove hidden folders.
Those will need to be removed manually as suggested by @Takkat and @Oli here:

( How can I detect and delete all lost configuration folders?)


18.04: Bluetooth device does not appear in gnome-control-center

The bluetooth service needs to be running for gnome-control-center to use bluetooth.

Check the status of bluetooth service

# systemctl status bluetooth
● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-01-31 09:32:02 EST; 1h 1min ago
     Docs: man:bluetoothd(8)
 Main PID: 8880 (bluetoothd)
   Status: "Running"
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service
           └─8880 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd

Jan 31 09:32:02 ubuntu-1804-laptop systemd[1]: Starting Bluetooth service...
Jan 31 09:32:02 ubuntu-1804-laptop bluetoothd[8880]: Bluetooth daemon 5.48
Jan 31 09:32:02 ubuntu-1804-laptop systemd[1]: Started Bluetooth service.
Jan 31 09:32:02 ubuntu-1804-laptop bluetoothd[8880]: Starting SDP server
Jan 31 09:32:02 ubuntu-1804-laptop bluetoothd[8880]: Bluetooth management interface 1.14 initialized
Jan 31 09:32:02 ubuntu-1804-laptop bluetoothd[8880]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.34 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource
Jan 31 09:32:02 ubuntu-1804-laptop bluetoothd[8880]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.34 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink


Blacklist.conf "Ignoring Bad Line Boot Prompt"

Looks like it fixed itself...or it's because I deleted that bad line. It's probably because I deleted the bad line.

Here is how I accessed the blacklist file:

Open the terminal
Type the command sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf to open the blacklist.conf file
Locate the bad line, delete it, and save the file

In my case, I stopped receiving the error after a few restarts. Don't know why it delayed.


Why won't XScreensaver install from the command line?

Since the correct ubuntu package has a newer version that the debian one you have installed, simply running an apt-get upgrade should take care of switching this package to the ubuntu version.  In general, you shouldn't be installing packages from debian on an ubuntu system.


How to find out what application wants access to the default keyring

First make sure that your account has auto-login feature off. Auto-login may cause this.

You should find your login.keyring then in ~/.local/share/keyrings/:

ls -al ~/.local/share/keyrings/

If that is not the case, then you may try to find it out indirectly.

When prompted, try to grep journal for keyring entries:

journalctl -b | grep keyring

Eventually you may use lsof to find open file descriptors, linked to anything keyring-related:

sudo lsof -n | grep keyring

But keep in mind that "an application" doesn't implies that this popup is directly associated with an unknown app. It's rather generic for default login keyring.


wants to install Python 3.6 in Ubuntu 20.04

In order to install Python 3.6 on your Ubuntu 20.04 system, you first need to update and upgrade your system to pull the latest available version of Python 3. In your terminal, run the following commands:
sudo apt update
sudo apt -y upgrade

Your system will download the latest versions of packages and ask you if you want to upgrade your current packages.
You can now, check for the installed version of Python 3 using the following command from your terminal:
python3 -V
Python 3.6.5


Twitter client replacement in Ubuntu 12.04 Precise?

I recommend the twitter client polly.

Open the terminal and execute:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:conscioususer/polly-unstable
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install polly

After that you can start polly from the dash like any other application.


Can not connect Android SGSII via USB after ICS upgrade

I added these lines to Ubuntu.vmx file (I believe the last line makes a difference):

usb.quirks.device0 = "0x4e8:0x681d skip-reset" # Mass Storage
usb.quirks.device1 = "0x4e8:0x68a9 skip-reset" # Media
usb.quirks.device2 = "0x4e8:0x6877 skip-reset" # Kies
usb.quirks.device3 = "0x4e8:0x6866 skip-reset" # SGS2 ICS


Thanks to zacharee1, had to release and renew ip addresses. Also had to flush ip addresses :

sudo ip link set wlan0 down
sudo ip addr flush wlan0
sudo ip link set wlan0 up
sudo dhclient -r
sudo dhclient


Cannot login to Empathy after setting up Google online account

After further ivestigation, confirmed the issue was caused by the account itself.

Although chat from Google+ was possible when logged into the account in Firefox, the account associated with the non-gmail address started life as a youtube account, hence it had never been connected to a gmail account. This seems to be a requirement, see also:

http://support.google.com/talk/answer/141360?hl=en

https://superuser.com/questions/444262/using-google-talk-with-a-non-apps-non-gmail-google-account

So, added a gmail account, removed it and re-established the non-gmail account as the primary login.
Can now sign in to Empathy properly.

Tested by sending an invite to a second gmail account not already displayed in the G+ chat list of online users. This worked properly and could send message back and forth as expected.

Initially, all of the existing G+ contacts showed as offline (which they were not - the second gmail account had a contact that was visible to both accounts and could see that contact fine).

Problem later resolved itself:
http://support.google.com/a/bin/answer.py?hl=en&hlrm=en&answer=182084

"It can take up to 10 minutes for a new primary email address to be reflected throughout the system, 24 hours for domain and personal contact changes to take effect, and up to 3 days before the user can use Google Talk."


Why do the following netstat, ps, and auth.log have such output?

Yes, those are brute force attacks. Anybody with an externally facing device will, almost immediately, be subjected to these type of attacks.
No, I do not think you have actually been compromised. The ESTABLISHED connection you observed was just an in progress attempt. Don't confuse an ESTABLISHED tcp connection with a successful SSH login, they are not the same.
I am assuming the actual SSH connection is you.
Consider changing your SSH port away from the default port 22 and/or implementing a 'bad guy' detector. Many recommend fail2ban. I use the recent module in iptables. The trick with China is to block an entire sub-net, not just the attacking IP, because they have gotten clever and merely switch to another IP once blocked. Example iptables rule segment, somewhat out of context:
# Dynamic Badguy List. Detect and DROP Bad IPs that do password attacks on SSH.
# Once they are on the BADGUY list then DROP all packets from them.
# Sometimes make the lock time very long. Typically to try to get rid of coordinated attacks from China.
$IPTABLES -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -m recent --mask $BIT_MASK --update --hitcount 3 --seconds 90000 --name BADGUY_SSH -j LOG --log-prefix "SSH BAD:" --log-level info
$IPTABLES -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -m recent --mask $BIT_MASK --update --hitcount 3 --seconds 90000 --name BADGUY_SSH -j DROP
$IPTABLES -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m recent --mask $BIT_MASK --set --name BADGUY_SSH -j ACCEPT