Can I merge these partitions or will it break my chromebook?

ChromeOS has quite a different partitioning scheme than other OS'es. It uses 2 ROOT & KERNEL partitions (2,3,4,& 5), one pair active, one pair inactive. When a ChromeOS update comes along, it's loaded on the inactive KERN/ROOT partitions and, after a reboot, it switches to the alternate pair. This way, the system can automagically switch back to the inactive pair if something goes awry.

The user's space is obtained from the STATE partition and is for all users files, settings, etc. which includes the Downloads folder for each user where everything is stored. This is what you're referring to as your / directory.

When ChrUbuntu was installed on your system (it uses partitions 6 & 7 for the KERN & ROOT partitions) and takes the needed/specified space from partition 1 / STATE. On your system, only 4GB of space was left in the STATE partition for all users, which in my opinion isn't enough - especially when you have 320GB to work with.

I wouldn't attempt to merge partitions 1, 6 & 7 or even partitons 1 & 7 - which would wipe out both ChrUbuntu & ALL of your ChromeOS users. I have tried merging/resizing these before and failed. ChromeOS is pretty picky about it's structure - you can try if you want but please backup up what you can first and have a usb restore stick handy.

I believe your best bet is to back up everything you can to an external usb stick or sd card and/or Google Drive and then do a full usb restore, a powerwash won't get it since it doesn't repartition anything. Then you can start over and install ChrUbuntu if you like but specify a (much) smaller partition size, you could even safely say 160GB or so and that would be plenty of space for both ChrUbuntu and ChromeOS users.

I have an Acer C710 also but I replaced the 320GB hard drive with a 128GB SSD and it's a very nice system. I use 'ChrUbuntu' on my system as well as 'crouton' in a special 'separate partiton' branch. This arrangement uses both partitons 7 & 13 so it's pretty unique. Below is my partition layout:

sudo parted -l /dev/sda:

Model: ATA SanDisk SDSSDHP1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 128GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name        Flags
1       4440MB  32.9GB  28.4GB  ext4         STATE
2       10.5MB  27.3MB  16.8MB               KERN-A
3       2292MB  4440MB  2147MB  ext2         ROOT-A
4       27.3MB  44.0MB  16.8MB               KERN-B
5       145MB   2292MB  2147MB  ext2         ROOT-B
6       95.8GB  95.8GB  16.8MB               KERN-C
7       95.8GB  128GB   32.2GB  ext4         ROOT-C
8       44.0MB  60.8MB  16.8MB  ext4         OEM
9       8422kB  8423kB  512B                 reserved
10      8423kB  8423kB  512B                 reserved
11      32.8kB  8421kB  8389kB               RWFW
12      128MB   145MB   16.8MB  fat16        EFI-SYSTEM  boot
13      32.9GB  95.8GB  62.9GB  ext4         CROUTON


This often happens because your desktop environment's notification daemon cannot be started or is unavailable, as noted at the official site. It is not a guake bug because a notification program is one of guake's dependencies and should be installed with the program, or should be running in the background anyway. Therefore it is legitimate to speak of ways of addressing this problem, which is specific to the user's desktop environment, rather than being a deficiency in guake itself.

This error message unfortunately means guake fails to load, but there is a way to get around it, as opening the preferences with guake-prefs and unchecking 'enable popup notifications at startup' should enable guake to load. If this is unsuccessful you can make sure you have the notify daemon installed for your desktop environment (and python-notify), and that the notification daemon is running. Notification daemons are usually automatically started at login for most desktops such as Xfce, which uses xfce4-notifyd.

Lastly, if these solutions are unsuccessful, you can also try this patch at the official site, and patch the source code and compile it, just as I did (for another guake feature) in my answer here:

How to change Guake cursor from block to I-Beam?

That answer has all the general information about how to patch guake and compile it, if the other options do not solve the problem.

(As the op noted, what worked for him this time was was to reinstall python-notify, which was one of the dependencies I mentioned in the answer. The other approaches may well be useful when that particular solution is unsuccessful.)


How does this [t]ricky bracket expression in grep work?

The square bracket expression is part of the bash shell (and other shells as well) grep's character class pattern matching.

The grep program by default understands POSIX basic regular expressions. With that you can define character classes. For example ps -ef | grep [ab9]irefox would find "airefox", "birefox", "9irefox" if those existed, but not "abirefox".

The command grep [a-zA-Z0-9]irefox would even find all processes that start with exactly one letter or number and end in "irefox".

So ps -ef | grep firefox searches for lines with firefox in it. Since the grep process itself has "firefox" in it, grep finds that as well. By adding a [], we are only searching for the character class "[f]" (which consists of only the letter "f" and is therefor equivalent to just an "f" without the brackets). The advantage of the brackets now is that the string "firefox" no longer appears in the grep command. Hence, grep itself won't show up in the grep result.

Because not very many people are familiar with square brackets as character class matching and regular expressions in general, the second result might look a little mysterious.

If you want to fix the second result, you can use them this way:

ps -ef | grep [f]irefox  > data
grep firefox data

(Reference)


I had the same issue and fixed it by changing the WiFi hotspot setting on my device from 5GHz to 2.5GHz.


Flash doesn't work in Chrome: "Restart Chrome to enable Adobe Flash Player"

The problem was entirely self-inflicted. While copying over my data from the other computer, I also copied Chrome's local installation of Flash in $HOME/.config/google-chrome-beta/PepperFlash. The solution is simple, delete it

rm -rf ~/.config/google-chrome-beta/PepperFlash

visit a site requiring flash, wait until Chome asks you to restart, go back, it will work now.


Upgraded to Maverick; can't change theme

I discovered that this works fine when logged in as another user. I nuked ~/.gconf and started my customizations from scratch. There is probably a less drastic way to accomplish this.


why can't I restart lxpanel and openbox?

I found this at https://wiki.lxde.org/en/Main_Menu under the refreshing the menu section.  This kills and restarts lxpanel.
Is it possible to hard reboot your computer (for a modern, ACPI-compliant system usually holding down the power button for multiple seconds cuts the power to the components, after which it can be booted up normally assuming no file writes were interrupted) I suggest you only use this if your computer really is not responding, it can occasionally cause filesystem corruption.
For lxpanel try:
#!/bin/bash
killall lxpanel
find ~/.cache/menus -name '*' -type f -print0 | xargs -0 rm
lxpanel -p LXDE &

If you want to copy/paste directly, then use my modified one-liner:
killall lxpanel && find ~/.cache/menus -name '*' -type f -print0 | xargs -0 rm && lxpanel -p LXDE &

I don't know about openbox, though.


Open a terminal and type sudo update-alternatives --config default.plymouth. No select the theme you want to use.


Installing Ubuntu 14.04 alongside Windows 7 32-bit on two separate HDDs

You have to createthese partitions in the free space:

If you want to use swap memory (HDD space the OS can use to temporarily store RAM content, e.g. if the RAM runs short or when hibernating), create a SWAP partition with the size of your RAM.

Do you want to keep a separate /home partition? If yes, you should spend some thought on how to split the remaining space. As your HDD is 2TiB, I'd suggest 1:3, i.e. ~1500GiB for the home partition and the rest for the system parition.

Create the system partition: EXT4, Mount point: /. If you don't wan a separate home, use the remaining space, else the space you decided to use.
Create another EXT4 partition, mount point /home.
Select /dev/sda (SSD, because it's faster) for the bootloader installation (at the bottom) and start the installation.

After the installation finished, go into your BIOS setup and verify that the SSD is set as the primary boot device (at least higher than the HDD) and then boot Ubuntu.

It may happen that the OS selection menu doesn't show up. In this case, open the file /etc/default/grub in Ubuntu (as root): sudo nano /etc/default/grub and change the line GRUB_TIMEOUT to 10. Save with Ctrl+O, then run sudo update-grub.


How to access localhost on my ubuntu laptop from android tablet?

On your Ubuntu machine, find your local IP address. One way of finding this is by using the ifconfig terminal command, where it is displayed as inet addr under the interface you're currently using to connect to the network. Point the browser on your Nexus 7 to that IP address, and the web page should be displayed.


How do I Install graphic drivers for a radeon xpress200?

Lets get through some steps,

Read Manually installing Catalyst 12.4 section from https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BinaryDriverHowto/ATI

Alternatively in software center search for fglrx.. then install ATI binary X.Org driver from search result. This will install open source driver. This also works good.


Can I install a Linux program on an NTFS partition?

The Unix/Linux way of dealing with partitions is quite different from the Windows way. In Linux, most programs and their related files have pretty rigidly-defined locations, set by their authors or packagers. Typically, program binaries go in /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, or /usr/sbin. Shared libraries go in /lib or /usr/lib. System-wide configuration files go in /etc, and user-specific configuration files go in the users' home directories. Support files (graphics, sound clips, etc.) go in various locations depending on the file type. This is all defined in the Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS).

Most (but not all) directories in the FHS may optionally be split off onto separate partitions. Thus, if you have enough knowledge (or good advice) to predict how much stuff will go into particular directories, you can split your installation across disks by assigning particular directories to reside on particular disks.

You haven't provided enough information for me to know how much space you'll need in particular directories, but speaking in general terms, most desktop/laptop Linux installations consume roughly 15-40 GB, without considering user data. The real space-gobblers on such installations tend to be big user files -- digital photos, MP3 collections, .iso image files, and especially videos. These are all user files, which go in the /home directory. Thus, splitting off /home is often a top priority when you need to trim the size of a main Linux partition. Beyond that, you could split off directories like /var, /tmp, and others; but without knowing a lot more about your expected configuration, it's hard to make specific suggestions. 20 GB might be enough for your needs, once /home is split off; but I can't be sure of that.

OTOH, some uses put lots of files elsewhere. The /var directory tree is often huge on certain types of servers, for instance. Your question implies you might be installing Windows programs for use with WINE, and that's another exception to the usual rules -- depending on how you configure WINE, those binaries could go just about anywhere. (Personally, I wouldn't install lots of big programs for use with WINE, but that may be just me. IMHO, WINE is best used for an occasional program, and preferably for small ones, not for multiple big programs. If you need to run multiple big Windows programs, I'd recommend running them in Windows, not in Linux.)

All of this is necessary background so you can understand why your main question about installing Linux programs to NTFS is not very meaningful. Linux programs are scattered about in such a way that the only way to fully install most Linux programs on NTFS would be to use an NTFS root (/) filesystem, and that simply will not work. In principle, you might be able to get away with using NTFS for some obscure subdirectory somewhere; but Linux tends to want to adjust ownership and permissions in many of its directories, so even if you found a directory in which you could use NTFS, that might not hold when you install some new package. If you're planning to install big packages using WINE, though, you could set aside some directory for that purpose, mount an NTFS partition there, and configure WINE to use that directory as if it were C:. AFAIK, Windows programs run from WINE can run from NTFS just fine. Using your actual Windows C: partition in this way might be inadvisable, though; WINE might make changes to its configuration that would not be good. (OTOH, I'm not a WINE expert, so maybe there's a way to do this reasonably safely. Sharing OS boot partitions is always at least a little risky, though.)

Another option you might consider to work around the limited space you have on your SSD is to employ Logical Volume Management (LVM). This tool enables you to combine multiple partitions (physical volumes, or PVs, in LVM-speak) into volume groups (VGs), and then split these VGs into logical volumes (LVs). One advantage is that the resulting LVs can be sized differently than the PVs, so if you've got two smallish partitions, you can combine them together and create one LV that spans both of them. In your case, this would be useful to fit a root (/) filesystem of, say, 30 GB on a combination of the 20 GB of SSD space you've got and 10 GB of space on your HDD. Access speed would be highly variable, but this might be better than putting the root (/) filesystem entirely on the HDD.

Yet another option might be to employ bcache. This is a method of using an SSD as, essentially, an extra-large cache for a hard disk. I've played with bcache a bit, but I'm not an expert on it. The claim is that it can produce speeds that approach those of an SSD over much larger disks. In principle, you could use the 20 GB of space you've got on your SSD as the cache for the bigger space on your hard disk.


If both your OSes are booting in EFI mode, then there's no point in playing with the BIOS/CSM/legacy options in your firmware. Leave them disabled; enabling any such option is most likely to cause problems.

You shouldn't need to adjust your firmware settings on a regular basis, so this sort of problem should be something that crops up pretty rarely. If you are adjusting your firmware settings on a regular basis, that most likely indicates a problem of some type. If this is the case, I recommend you start a new question describing why you're making these regular adjustments and ask for a fix or workaround.

If you do change your firmware settings in such a way that the computer boots straight to Windows, there are at least two in-Windows solutions:

Open an Administrator Command Prompt window and type bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi in that window. (In some cases, grubx64.efi may be required, rather than shimx64.efi; but normally shimx64.efi is more likely to work.)
Use the third-party EasyUEFI tool to reset the boot order or add an entry for EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi (or possibly EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi).

Another option is to create a USB flash drive with my rEFInd boot manager on it. You should then be able to boot from the USB drive, and from there boot either Windows or Ubuntu. If you boot Ubuntu, you can restore GRUB by using efibootmgr, as described here or here. Note, however, that the prepared rEFInd USB image from the download site works only if Secure Boot is disabled. If your system has Secure Boot active, you'll need to either disable it or prepare your own USB image of rEFInd with Shim or PreLoader. (The ALT Linux image referenced on the rEFInd page might also work.)


How to remove mobifoth pop-up from Chromium?

Did you installed the "FB Unseen" chrome extension?
It seems from few days age, that it start opening the go.mobifoth tabs.

Ref.
https://www.reddit.com/r/techsupport/comments/6amjo1/malware_warning_if_youve_been_getting_spam_popups/


What happens to cronjobs scheduled when the server is off?

cron skips jobs if it isn't running at the time that they are scheduled.

However, if you have anacron installed, then daily, weekly and monthly jobs are run "at the specified intervals as closely as machine uptime permits".

In /etc/crontab, you should see references to anacron. This logic uses anacron for regular jobs, but only if anacron is installed. anacron is installed by default on Ubuntu Desktop, but not on Server, since servers are generally expected to be on 24/7. But you can install anacron on Ubuntu Server if you want the same behaviour there, and it should work as expected.


LXQt/Lubuntu 19.10 has no bluetooth panel indicator

Just install Bluetooth Manager:

sudo apt-get install blueman

and go to Start -> Bluetooh Manager.

Also works fine on Lubuntu 20.04.


Know Ubuntu Distribution server or desktop

As mentioned in the linked post, it's not easy to determine if you use a desktop or server edition because all packages can be installed or removed.

Here is my function I use for my scripts.
Basically it checks if xserver-common or xwayland are installed. If one of them is installed it means its an desktop system.

#!/usr/bin/env bash

check_if_desktop (){
  IS_DESKTOP="false"

  displayManager=(
    'xserver-common' # X Window System (X.Org) infrastructure
    'xwayland' # Xwayland X server
  )
  for i in "${displayManager[@]}"; do
    dpkg-query --show --showformat='${Status}\n' $i 2> /dev/null | grep "install ok installed" &> /dev/null
    if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
      IS_DESKTOP="true"
    fi
  done
}

Here are a few other things to check:

By default the server edition uses the classic /etc/network/interfaces, while the desktop edition operates with Network Manager, so check if Network Manager is installed

dpkg -l network-manager

Or run the command nmcli (the command line tool for NM)
if you get a message like this:

The program 'nmcli' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
sudo apt-get install network-manager

the probability is high that you are on a server edition.
But keep in mind, you can modify a server to operate with NM.

Use the following command to determine if desktop components are installed

dpkg -l ubuntu-desktop

On a Server you will get a message like this:

dpkg-query: no packages found matching ubuntu-desktop

On a Desktop you will get a message that tells you which version is installed

Check for other packages that are typically found on a desktop:

dpkg -l unity (gnome, mate and so one) # Desktop environments
dpkg -l compiz (E17, fluxbox and so one) # Window manager
dpkg -l xorg # X window server

or use:

 dpkg-query --show --showformat='${Status}\n' *packagename* 2> /dev/null | grep "install ok installed"

check if the X server is running:

ps -e | grep X
sudo netstat -lp | grep -i Xorg

Check for services that are only available on a desktop:

It depends on your Ubuntu version how to check the services:

sudo service *servicename* status # on SysVinit
sudo status *servicename* # on Upstart
systemctl status *servicename*.service # on systemd

typical services are:

lightdm
x11-common
gnome-shell

and some others that are associated with certain derivatives

  My application depends on server distribution

Even if it doesn't make any sense to run a server application on a desktop edition, there shouldn't be any issues with installing all the dependencies for your application on the desktop edition and make it working.

Can you elaborate on this why it depends on the server distro?


I have a problem trying to install files with .tar.gz

Are you able to view the contents of the file ? Since this file ends up with extension .gz. you can try unzipping (gunzip) it first.

To view the contents of the file

gunzip -l archive.tar.gz

Now try to unzip the file as well

gunzip archive.tar.gz

Above command should give you a "TAR ARCHIVE" in a result. See if it extracts the tar archive and now you can try extracting the tar package.

tar -xvf archive.tar

"v" flag will verbosely print the output and will show the error message during archive process, if there is one.

Good Luck.


What does my computer do when I click 'Shut Down'?

Your system then calls the command shutdown. Logins are prevented and all users are notified of the impending shutdown. The command has a parameter called TIME, which is how long until the shutdown occurs. When you use the shut down from the corner the argument is now. According to the manual page of shutdown, after time has elapsed the shutdown command sends a request to the init daemon which is what really shuts the system down for good.

To execute this same process yourself you can run the command:

sudo shutdown now


setxkbmap, non-Latin layouts and keyboard shortcuts like Ctrl-C

It turns out I should have done it like this: setxkbmap -layout ua,de, then it's possible to type like the layout is ua but the shortcuts work like the layout is de.


I'm running 10.04 on a Dell X300 (old) laptop with ufw enabled (through GUFW gui tool : sudo apt-get install gufw, then configure from system/administration/firewall configuration).

We use a non-hidden SSID configured with WPA2 and PEAP authentication.  No issues.

UFW is configured as default - deny all incoming, allow all outgoing.

As a result, DHCP should be unaffected since technically it's outbound traffic (a network broadcast to the local subnet), to which the DHCP server responds appropriately.

Like the commenters above, I presume that everything works if you disable UFW (sudo ufw disable)?  If so, further investigation required - perhaps a look at /var/log/messages or similar.


Is the allocated number of CPUs freed to the host machine when I pause the virtual machine?

Virtual managers such as KVM and VirtualBox do not dedicate hardware to the virtual machines they manage, but instead manage limits. The actual management and utilisation of the hardware is controlled by the host operating system. This means that if your host has 12 threads available and six are allocated to a mostly-idle virtual machine, the host can still use most of the 12 threads.
So, to answer your question, when a virtual machine is paused, it consumes zero hardware resources (CPU/RAM/IO) until it is resumed.
You can read more about how virt-manager operates and how you can tweak it on RedHat's Portal. While the documentation is put out by RedHat, the fundamentals and operation are the same across the distributions.
Hope this answers your question.


connecting bsnl data card in ubuntu 12.04.4

First connect your Data Card to your PC. Then select the icon from the panel as shown below:

Then from the drop menu select New Mobile Broadband Connection... as shown below:

Then select your device from the dialog box that appears and then select Continue. My device is detected as HSPADataCard:

Then select your country and then select Continue:

Then select your ISP and then select Continue.(From your question it seems to be BSNL):

Then choose whichever billing plan you have opted for from the drop-down menu and then select Continue:

Then check if your configurations are right from the next dialog box and then select Apply.

Now you need to select Save:

Now you have successfully created a connection. All you need to do is just connect to the internet. There are two ways to do this:

Select the same icon you selected at the beginning and then from the drop down menu select the BSNL/CellOne New GPRS/3G 1:

Then your PC will search for signal and then you will be connected to the internet :

(Forget about the time in the pictures! The screen shots where taken at different times.)

The second method will be from the terminal. For opening the terminal press Ctrl+Alt+t . Now type:

nmcli connection

Your output will be something like this:

    NAME                      UUID                                   TYPE              TIMESTAMP-REAL
Vodafone Vodafone Connect 1 e2419e6a-0df6-43a6-958c-4cc2602a271a   gsm               Wednesday 30 April 2014 07:32:39 PM IST
Airtel Default 1          b6028e87-3ac4-44d1-b7da-b6f8b8681fff   gsm               Wednesday 30 April 2014 08:58:27 PM IST
BSNL/CellOne New GPRS/3G 1 40906018-b388-40b7-8ce6-5d98ea487ca5   gsm               Thursday 08 May 2014 03:18:20 PM IST
Wired connection 1        6d9e5708-5901-4f53-9aa5-14bfd2712a0a   802-3-ethernet    Thursday 08 May 2014 11:13:20 AM IST

Now type in :

nmcli connection up uuid 40906018-b388-40b7-8ce6-5d98ea487ca5

(Note that after uuid I have just copied the UUID shown after the connection BSNL/CellOne New GPRS/3G 1)

Now you would have been connected to the internet.


Virtual Box Failed at starting because of vboxdrv in 13.10

Solved by download the latest version of Virtual Box at https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads


How do I open the preferences dialog in empathy under Ubuntu 14.04?

Try pressing Alt and typing prefer, then Enter. It opened it for me.


Problems while upgrading from 16.04 to 18.04

I tried spinState010's suggestion but it didn't resolve this same issue for me.  What did was:

sudo apt remove python3-aptdaemon.pkcompat

So, you might give that a try instead and let us know if that worked for you.


Unable to hide the Unity launcher and set its reveal sensitivity automatically on startup of an Ubuntu 14.04 machine

Install Unity Tweak Tool to customize the behavior of Unity Launcher.

Open a terminal and execute:

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

Open the tool, click on Launcher Tab under category Unity and tweak.


How can i know the resolution of an image and How can i change it?

Simple answer is you can only increase the PPI by shrinking the image.
Open the jpg or jpeg file with GIMP and then from the top menu select
Image and then Image Properties (Alt+Return)
This will show you the "Size in pixels" and the "Resolution" in PPI.
(DPI or true resolution does not relate to this type of image file)
So from the "Size in pixels" count you can do your own math.


Huh, strange story. Changing the number of CPUs in VirtualBox from 2 to 1 fixed the problem.


While using trackpad Ubuntu locks up graphics related

I was experiencing the same problems on a laptop with GTX 860M, Ubuntu 14.04. I had the mouse cursor freeze (actually it must have been lightdm locking up) due to having the wrong graphics driver active. I had tried with the one from GeForce.com without any luck. Here is how I eventually made it work:

First, make sure drivers from GeForce.com are uninstalled (if you have them installed, run the installation file again with the --uninstall flag).

Then, update your sources, purge any packages with reference to nvidia and bumblebee. Install nvidia-prime and nvidia-340. Run nvidia-xconfig and reboot. Here are the commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get purge bumblebee*
sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo apt-get install nvidia-prime
sudo apt-get install nvidia-340
sudo nvidia-xconfig
sudo reboot

Note: if you have trouble using the graphical interface, press [Ctrl]+[Alt]+[F1] and log in on the first cli interface. If needed, enter sudo service lightdm stop to stop the graphical interface before running the above commands.


This is an off-topic question. But here you go anyways (just run it twice on same line)..

sudo fswebcam -d /dev/video0 /home/bananapi/photos/test.jpg;sudo fswebcam -d /dev/video1 /home/bananapi/photos/test2.jpg


I found a way to programmatically disable and re-enable a compiz plugin:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# retrieve list of plugins
Key="/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/core/active-plugins"
Value=$(dconf read "$Key")

# convert to array
IFS=', ' read -ra ValArr <<<"${Value:1:-1}"

# remove 'put' plugin
Todel="'put'"
for k in ${!ValArr[@]}; do
    [[ "${ValArr[$k]}" == "$Todel" ]] && unset -v 'ValArr[$k]'
done

# reformat as a string value
NewValue=$(printf ', %s' "${ValArr[@]}")
NewValue="[${NewValue:2}]"

# disable, wait and re-enable the plugin
dconf write "$Key" "$NewValue"
sleep 3
dconf write "$Key" "$Value"

This is kind of a hack, and I would prefer to know what part of compiz is actually watching changes to the plugin list through dconf, and triggering a refresh of some sort. So I am not marking this answer as the solution yet.


Apparently, this thread had the answer I was looking for: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=98704


How to run ffmpeg, when libav-tools is installed but running ffmpeg says not installed?

If you wish to use a newish version of ffmpeg in 12.04 then your best bet would be to use a static version available here. http://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/

Make sure your kernel is new enough. (should be..


It depends on you, i would suggest not to use any place designated to store system wide binary files. Although you can put it in /usr/local/bin or any other designated place to store system wide binary files but as it is not a regular binary file you better put somewhere else. Your home directory may be a good place too.

Actually it does not matter where you are putting this as long as you are going to use full path to call it:

java -jar /path/to/myapp.jar

Whereas if you want to put it somewhere in your PATH, you can add the path to the directory containing the file to the PATH (put it in ~/.bashrc):

export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/directory

Make sure the directory does not contain anything else (otherwise it would be a great place for running random malicious commands !!).

Now you can also create an alias of the command, for example:

alias myapp='java -jar /path/to/myapp.jar'

put it in ~/.bash_aliases. Now you can run the application by just typing:

myapp


VMWare Fusion 10, Ubuntu 16.04 LTS low graphics mode issues

The low graphics mode in VMWare issue was resolved by doing a apt-get update and upgrade. Turns out, the 16.04 LTS on Ubuntu's repository does not contain drivers that are compatible with VMWare on Mac. VMWare 10 (though it is not stated anywhere in documentation or otherwise) requires updated system applications and drivers not provided in the vanilla distribution.

I have no idea why the VM only broke after a reboot, but such is technology.

For safe measure, I also increased my graphics memory allocation to 1024MB (up from the recommended 768MB)


In case you're still struggling with this:
I had a similar problem that persisted for a while, found a couple things which didn't work (including running "sudo apt purge timidity-daemon"?) but in the end I found this link: https://itsfoss.com/fix-sound-ubuntu-1304-quick-tip/ and managed to fix it just by running "sudo apt-get install --reinstall alsa-base pulseaudio" (no need to reload alsa or reboot)
If this still doesn't fix it, you have my sympathy


Ubuntu doesn't boot without a Monitor connected to a AMD 390

I have solved the problem. For those who have a ASROCK motherboard with  one or more AMD 390 and the system will not boot without a monitor connected try to set the primary graphic adapter to ONBOARD in bios. After that my system boot headless without any problems and recognize the AMD 390.


Interrupted upgrade from 15.10 to 16.04, Ubuntu boots into black screen

One solution, maybe not the best, but one I would try, is to just reinstall over your broken system, without removing your personal files.

Get your hands on a fresh 16.04 Installation Medium (not the old version) and prepare your computer. Making  a backup of your /home folder is always a good idea.

You can take a look at this link for more information on how to do this properly.

The basics are this:

Install Ubuntu like you usually would.
When choosing the installation type, try a "install over" or "upgrade" option. The description of the option should say something like "Documents, Music, and other personal files will be kept..."
Install the system as usual.

The key part about this is to not format the home folder. If you have a separate partition for /home, don't format it. If you don't have a separate partition, don't format /, but select it as the root installation location.

Benefits of this method?

Easy
Reliable
Almost guarenteed to work
You will keep all your files and preferences in your home folder

The downsides?

You lose your installed applications (you'll have to reinstall them)
Application settings or configurations that aren't found in your home folder will be reset (most applications put settings somewhere in /home, so this will only be the case for a few applications)
Might take a while depending on the speed of your computer


Your link goes to the specific notices if you follow the "security fixes" link and will show you the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) number. Ubuntu has a CVE website where new are posted and there is also the CVE tracker where you can search for packages (here is Thunderbird).
And here you will find the same CVE numbers with a notice per Ubuntu release and its status.

Example: one of the CVE listed is CVE-2018-12359 and it has a fix for firefox, but needs triage for Thunderbird. Basically there is no fix for Ubuntu (yet but it will be there at some point in time).


Running apt upgrade downgrades kernel from `4.8.0.40.51` to `4.8.0.39.50`

The linux-image-4.8.0-40-generic package and related packages were deleted from the repository. I don't know why. A new linux-image-4.8.0-41-generic has appeared and the upgrade now goes smooothly.


At the outset, I should point out that one reason for including shadows for text on the desktop is to ensure that the text is visible even if the user switches to a differently colored background or changes wallpapers. If the text is light, the shadow is dark. So, with a light background, the shadow ensures some legibility at least if the actual text is also light.

In what follows, I'm using a plain background similar to the ones in the question with Greybird as the theme on Xubuntu 18.04.1.

This image has text with shadows:

In the next image, shadows are removed:

To remove the shadows, one has to edit Greybird's gtkrc file. I first copied the entire Greybird folder from /usr/share/themes over to ~/.themes which I created in my home folder. To distinguish the copied local version from the system one, I renamed the local version MyGreybird.

In ~/.themes/MyGreybird/gtk-2.0/gtkrc, the code determining the appearance of text on the desktop is in the section titled
style "xfcedesktop-icon-view" (~ line 927). To remove shadows, I commented out all lines relating to shadows. (These lines are not commented out in the original gtkrc.)

style "xfdesktop-icon-view"
{
    XfdesktopIconView::label-alpha = 0
    XfdesktopIconView::selected-label-alpha = 80
#   XfdesktopIconView::shadow-x-offset = 0
#   XfdesktopIconView::shadow-y-offset = 1
#   XfdesktopIconView::selected-shadow-x-offset = 0
#   XfdesktopIconView::selected-shadow-y-offset = 1
#   XfdesktopIconView::shadow-color = shade(1.5, @tooltip_bg_color)
#   XfdesktopIconView::selected-shadow-color = shade(1.8, @tooltip_bg_color)
#   XfdesktopIconView::shadow-blur-radius = 2
    XfdesktopIconView::cell-spacing = 2
    XfdesktopIconView::cell-padding = 6
    XfdesktopIconView::cell-text-width-proportion = 1.9

    fg[NORMAL] = shade (0.9, @selected_fg_color)
    fg[ACTIVE] = @selected_fg_color

Removing shadows is fine provided one has a simple darkish background. With lighter backgrounds or wallpapers, text legibility maybe reduced. File System and Home are virtually invisible in the image below.

One could also play with

XfdesktopIconView::label-alpha = 0
XfdesktopIconView::selected-label-alpha = 80

to increase or decrease the transparency of the region surrounding text such as surrounding Trash in the last image.

Note that even though Greybird is a compiled theme, that only affects the gtk3 aspect. In 18.04, Xubuntu still has a gtk2-based desktop and so the gtk2 aspects can be modified without much difficulty.


2 Finger scrolling in Notepad++ switches Tabs (Ubuntu 18.04)

I found scrolling in notepad++ to be extremely sensitive to horizontal scroll, causing the scrolling through tabs when scrolling with two fingers. A fix for this while keeping two finger scroll is to disable horizontal scrolling only, which I managed by this answer:

Install "libinput-tools" (this package name is slightly different from 16.04) and dependencies in terminal by running the following commands:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install libinput-tools

Then enter the following line in terminal

sudo gedit /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/40-libinput.conf

The file will open in text editor. In the touchpad section, just before the line indicating the end of the section, add the following line:

Option "HorizontalScrolling" "False"

Save and close the configuration file and restart. Horizontal scrolling should be disabled.


How to make wake on lan work in Ubuntu 18.04 Kernel 5.4.0-58-generic? RTL8111/8168/8411 driver r8169

Assuming you are using NetworkManager, Try this:
get your connection name
sudo nmcli connection show

modify it
sudo nmcli connection modify id "your connection name" 802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan magic

That will modify your connection profile in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections
reboot


Had to install wifi driver every time after rebooting my system

I wonder if it is not the installation of bcmwl-kernel-source that is the problem, but loading the resultant module. First, see if it is inadvertently blacklisted:

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit. If the line 'blacklist wl' is present, remove it. Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Now, let's get the module to load automatically:

sudo -i
echo wl  >>  /etc/modules
exit

You should be all set.


Remove additionally installed packages (from Kontact)

You should use autoremove sub command:

sudo apt autoremove kontact

From man apt:

  autoremove is used to remove packages that were automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are now no longer needed as
             dependencies changed or the package(s) needing them were removed in the meantime.

You can also use --purge to remove config files too:

sudo apt autoremove kontact --purge

If autoremove does to work for you so you should do it manually, run something like:

grep kontact -A10 /var/log/apt/history.log

to see which packages are installed by kontact then remove them manually.


So, on a whim I reinstalled Ubuntu from the latest version (14.10). I originally had 14.04 LTS. Nothing I did could get this to work (even reinstalling 14.04). So I downloaded the lastest release and did a clean install. And it looks as if the Devs fixed the issue in this latest release because now when I enable the option in Onboard settings, I get the keyboard pop up for logging in and from the lock screen.

An additional note. When you enable the lock screen option you get prompted to enable Accessibility features. This is the key for log in screen. Onboard doesn't automatically pop up at login. But in the task bar, you'll see the little Accessibility icon (a little man figure in a circle). touch that and you get the option to show the keyboard. This was also an issue with 14.04 LTS as it would never give me the accessibility icon in the task bar.


This is not exactly a sed syntax problem, it's a find syntax problem.

The {} is a container that will replace the name of the file being processed by the sed command.

If you use find like this:

$ find . -type f -name *.py -exec head {} \;

This will find Python scripts and show you the head of each file. If you have three scripts in the current directory:

1.py
2.py
3.py

The {} will contain each file name and execute the head command on each file.

The -exec argument needs a ; at the end so it can recognize the end of the command arguments (sed in this case) but, in order to protect ; from expansion you need to escape it with the \.

Remember that you can execute several commands at a time if you use the ;:

$ ls; pwd;

This will list directories (ls) and print your working directory (pwd). The -exec argument also needs the ;. But since you don't want to confuse the ; that separates commands with the ; that is part of the -exec argument of find, you need to escape it with the \.

Alternatively, you can use quotes around the ;:

$ find /home/bruno/old-friends -type f -exec sed -i 's/ugly/beautiful/g' {} ";"

I hope I made myself clear


How to install a recent, managed version of golang on Ubuntu 14.04?

Go is now available as a possibly-older version via apt:

sudo apt-get install golang

or as an up-to-date snap:

sudo snap install --classic go


The issue was with the TV, not Ubuntu.

Samsung TV - go to Menu / Picture / Picture Options / Size / Screen Fit (instead of 16:9).
LG TV - go to Settings / Picture / Aspect Ratio / Just Scan (instead of 16:9)
Sony TV - hit Home button, go to Settings / Screen / Display Area / Full Pixel
Sharp TV - hit View Mode button, select "Dot by Dot" or "Full screen"


Dual boot only booting into Windows, no option to choose between Windows or Ubuntu

With Hp the keys vary by model but usually are
Boot Menu key esc f9
UEFI Menu key esc f10
And HP does not seem to keep changes by efibootmgr which grub uses or with most systems you can use to change boot order. They may be syncing with Windows BCD.
So best to make sure UEFI is up to date as an update may reset to default settings.
Windows updates may also reset some UEFI settings.
And then in UEFI Boot Menu and a boot tab, change boot order to have Ubuntu first.
Grub will only boot working Windows, so if Windows turns fast start up back on, or needs chkdsk from abnormal shutdown or other issue, you may be able to directly boot Windows from UEFI Boot menu (and Windows f8 for repairs?)
Some related HP 360 posts, not all seem to be the same configuration:
Windows 10 won't boot after dual boot installation - Optane volume
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2439220
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2359510
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1858477#p1858477
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2414086


How can I change the icon of a specific device?

There is a little trick that I learned from cleaning Windows viruses off people's flash drives that might just work for you.

If you create an autorun inf file with an icon linked inside, it will use that custom icon for the drive. Now, the one thing I can't help with (immediately) is the syntax (but I will update my answer later with an example).

I also am not sure if it will work on networks, but it will definitely work for removable media.

Edit (by George Edison): you can do this by creating a file named 'autorun.inf' in the root directory of the medium with the following contents:

[autorun]
icon=autorun.ico

...where 'autorun.ico' is the filename of an icon file relative to the 'autorun.inf' file.


To change the splash screen you can run

sudo update-alternatives --config default.plymouth

Select the alternative splash that you want. Then run:

sudo update-initramfs -u


Help needed in passing arguments from command line in bash

You forgot to pass at least one parameter to the myfunc function when you call it. So, your myfunc.sh script should look like:

#!/bin/bash

#function myfunc
myfunc(){
    echo $1
    case $1 in
        e) a=5 ;;
        q) a=10 ;;
        *) a='not e or q' ;;
    esac
    echo $a
}

myfunc $1   #in this case you can also use $@ or $*

More about:

How to read command line arguments in a bash script
Passing parameters to a bash function


How do I install the latest ATI Catalyst Video Drivers in Ubuntu 12.10 Quantal?

For the purpose of this question: Catalyst = fglrx = proprietary AMD/ATI display driver

The most problems people are having come from the fact that:
1. Ubuntu has moved to newer driver versions, that don't support some older ATI/AMD chips
2. Ubuntu has moved to newer Xorg versions

Symptoms:
No. 1 - 'not supported' errors / Jockey not detecting proprietary drivers valid for installation
No. 2 - some older ATI/AMD Catalyst versions won't install

Which all comes down to:Your chip is no longer supported by the latest ATI/AMD catalyst display drivers (be it via manual install or from Ubuntu repositories)

Solution:
Check, what is the latest driver version that supports your chip and then proceed with the installation accordingly.
http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Hardware (may be slightly outdated)
or
enter your graphic card details here:
http://support.amd.com/us/gpudownload/Pages/index.aspx
use terminal command to display information about your graphics

lspci | grep VGA

If the latest version for you is 12.6 => proceed as per https://askubuntu.com/a/201785/29347

Chips that are indicated 'legacy' (not supported for the latest Catalyst versions):
Try the PPA listed here How to install old AMD Catalyst 12.4 drivers on Ubuntu 12.10?
You'll most probably get Catalyst 12.6

Chips that ARE supported in 12.10 / by the latest Catalyst drivers:
The installation should be accomplished as per What is the correct way to install proprietary ATI Catalyst Video Drivers (fglrx) directly from AMD?


How to copy all current output in Terminal to a file when too large for clipboard after it has already been outputted?

Pasting large data into terminals is often troublesome (I don't quite know why), so I recommend to perform Edit -> Select All, followed by Edit -> Copy in gnome-terminal, and then Paste into some non-terminal application such as gedit.

I tried with 600k lines. It took a couple of seconds to Select All and Copy in gnome-terminal, followed by a minute or so to Paste it into gedit, but luckily it worked flawlessly (on Ubuntu 16.04 beta; 15.10 is unlikely to behave differently).

But if nothing gets copied to the clipboard then you just need to copy in smaller chunks as the limit will have been reached.


Killing every root process over a certain pid

This should do something like you want. I used a similar one the other day.

for p in `ps -ef | grep ^root | grep -v grep | awk '{ print $2}' | sort -n`; do if ($p -gt 3000); then kill -9 $p;fi; done


ubuntu MD5SUM hash doesnt match, now how to repair the iso image?

Download it again via bittorrent. It's a better way.

For many years, I always download Linux distros using bittorrent and always check the checksums. I can't remember any mismatch.


my keyboard doesn't respond when i try to reset a lost administrative password

When you get to that point, it doesn't show the password for security resons. So keep on typing, and don't mind the screen. It should change it.


My headphones mute AlsaMixer when I plug them in, HP DV6 12.04

I found a solution that works here:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-driver/+bug/921397/comments/9

You can also see the whole discussion regarding this bug here:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-driver/+bug/921397

To summarize:

Edit sudo gedit /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-output-headphones.conf

and modify the [Element Speaker] section as follows:

[Element Speaker]
; link to muting
switch = mute
; set volume to zero, so only the master slider controls playback volume. This gives better linearity.
volume = zero

After this, I had to restart the system: you might try to restart only pulse audio with pulseaudio -k.

I also had an additional problem, that I fixed before solving the above.  Namely, my headphones didn't work at all.  I had to add the line:

options snd-hda-intel model=hp-dv6 enable_msi=1

to the file sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf


How do I run Android SDK as root in ubuntu?

This is because the directory /usr/local/android-sdk/tools (I assume this is where you installed the SDK) is not in the PATH variable of root. So your system has no idea where the SDK manager is located.

To change this permanently and most easily, open  /etc/bash.bashrc in an edior with elevated privileges and add the following line:

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/android-sdk/tools:/usr/local/android-sdk/platform-tools

This will add the Android SDK path to all users, not just root. If you only want to set it for root, edit /root/.bashrc.

Additionally, this command adds the platform-tools directory, where tools like ADB and fastboot reside.


You run the script without the shebang. If you do not have the shebang, you need to run it with the preceding:

/bin/bash <script>

No matter if the script is executable or not...
When I run the script on my system with the command above, it works fine.


How do I set a static IP on my Virtual Server?

Edit the correct file /etc/network/interfaces (Relevant man page)

That last s is important, unless you simply had a typo when making this post.

Then simply restart networking: sudo ifdown eth0 && sudo ifup eth0


Frustrated with autolog, I wrote my own script too. It's on Github.

It's general enough for multiple users, on X sessions and TTYs.
I have included an Upstart job, assuming that the script is placed at /usr/bin/idlekiller

To set it up:

sudo apt-get install xprintidle
sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/murukeshm/scratchpad/master/linux/idlekiller/idlekiller.conf -O /etc/init/idlekiller.conf
sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/murukeshm/scratchpad/master/linux/idlekiller/idlekiller -O /usr/bin/idlekiller
sudo service idlekiller start


Full screen game not running in full screen, under wine?

this is why the game is in a window:

If play-on-linux allows it. open the wine configuration for the prefix where the game is installed and uncheck Emulate a virtual desktop

Note: if this is a steam game, Steam has a linux version.


Dell Inspiron 7537 wifi adpator disabled when lid closed

It's unfortunate that this hardware incompatibility has forced me to abandon Ubuntu and return to Win10. Obviously a laptop that has to be restarted every time the lid is closed is a non-starter. I was impressed with Ubuntu 18.04 and I was able to find linux versions or replacements for 95% of my software needs. But the lack of support for this hardware incompatibility just doesn't work for me.


Installing ubuntu 14.4.3 server on KVM without internet

The syntax of your virt-install command is incorrect for a no-network installation.

the --location argument requires a network connection for your guest.

The -c or --cdrom= argument needs to be used to specify the iso file name.

I did the no-network test case, but using the a recent 16.04 64 bit server edition daily iso file. It worked fine. This was my command line:

sudo virt-install -n serv64_dev -r 8192 \
--disk path=/media/newhd/serv64_dev.img,bus=virtio,size=50 \
-c xenial-server-amd64-20151214.iso \
--nonetworks \
--video=vmvga --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole -v --vcpus=4

Make sure that you have downloaded the correct iso file, and verify the md5sum. Examples:

$ ls -l xenial-server-amd64-20151215.iso
-rw-rwxr-- 1 doug doug 752877568 Dec 15 07:45 xenial-server-amd64-20151215.iso
$ md5sum xenial-server-amd64-20151215.iso
e10efef1980fb712e7dfd8d79d6542c2  xenial-server-amd64-20151215.iso

Now, I compare with the list here, copied below:

e10efef1980fb712e7dfd8d79d6542c2 *xenial-server-amd64.iso
994dd089239adca6421d5deeed528a0b *xenial-server-amd64.squashfs
e28ecd7acc603a903e1877ad6f11bcbd *xenial-server-i386.iso
f6a6a89b2acbe8af285761ddc8545fa0 *xenial-server-i386.squashfs
04bf8218848474c1b305f0bf010990e3 *xenial-server-powerpc.iso
3da7885f81135632443c27ca7b83ef6c *xenial-server-powerpc.squashfs
21f874ed087e92a45c40afebef71a12f *xenial-server-ppc64el.iso
d7435980bc32b3e3962d6a8400e3dea3 *xenial-server-ppc64el.squashfs
86c6c2dadf39cc317f2e1a828ccbb401 *xenial-server-s390x.iso
65e71b1f0eb45f6fc0739c2d0659f99b *xenial-server-s390x.squashfs

Observe that the my checksum agrees with what is listed on the web site.


You can go into your settings gui, click on "power" and make sure your power settings,when closing the lid, are set to your liking.


It wont work :(
As no one commented I thought to go in this adventure. I had 2 packages wanting this glib version, and I'll mention popular one - Gimp 2.7.4

I managed to find deb packages in Debian testing, and managed to replace glib 2.28 by making local temporary repository

After this I launch gimp ./configure, and now it needs newer version of gtk+, then it needs newer version of pango, which needs even newer version of glib - 2.32, and I already messed enough with 2.30. I rebooted

...that's not all. Now I can't login, it simply displays logon screen and stays forever. I go to netroot recovery console, but have no Internet. I boot in Windows and download glib 2.28, then I installed this with aptitude and reboot when famous error pops - no permissions for .ICEauthority, so I can't login still. Booting in Windows and searching showed me that this error is everywhere with all kind of solutions, some of which I tried without success, like deleting file, changing various permissions and similar, until I installed gnome-session package, which was mentioned as last comment on askfedora I think.

That's it. Now back on track and thought to share this.

Cheers


See files on an ISO DVD without burning it to disc?

You can mount them in Gnome just by right clicking on them and clicking Archive Mounter.

Sometimes that doesn't work too well. If not:

sudo mount -oloop -tudf,iso9660 [isofile] [directory]


Can I make a folder display the contents of several other folders (like a Windows "Library" folder)?

This sounds like the concept of Virtual Folders that has been part of Gnome since v2.14

Let me explain:

My Music folder has several folders of MP3 files (not choosy about my music!)

As you can see - you can search for all mp3 files and then save that search:

Now you can open that search from Nautilus - any new files appearing in the searched folders will automatically appear in the Nautilus view when you hit the refresh button.


AMD Ryzen Raven Ridge 2200G stuck at boot Ubuntu 18.04

Upgrade to latest BIOS update of motherboard, install ukuu to install kernel, install latest kernel 4.19 rc5 and install mesa latest drivers. This will end boot issues and frequent crashes. Problems still persist, with upcoming kernel updates lets hope all issues will be resolved as AMD is contributing to Kernel is a big way.


First step I suggest is going into your system BIOS and turn off SecureBoot (ie. UEFI). If there is an option to enable "Legacy Boot" turn that on. Then change the boot order of your devices to USB-->CD-->Hard Drive-->Network Boot or something like that. Just so long as it boots first to a USB device (if that's where you put your installation) and then CD/DVD Drive.

Then try your installation again. It should recognize your drives like normal.


They have a comparison table:

Source: curl - Comparison Table


MySQL command from file running from bash / results columns not alligned

You are looking for the column command

column -t file

In your case this I think should work:

mysql -u root -p$(cat pass.txt) < file1.sql  | column -t

Output:

id  name  food       confirmed  signup_date  email  salary
1   John  Casserole  Y          2012-04-11   NULL   125.00
2   Tom   BBQ        Y          2012-04-18   NULL   50.00
3   Tina  Salad      Y          2012-04-10   NULL   200.25
4   Mike  Fish       N          2012-04-19   NULL   50.00
5   July  Cake       N          2012-04-29   NULL   300.00


Error messages when trying to boot Ubuntu 16.04 from an USB stick on a Windows 7 PC

For future generations, this worked for me:

When the system boots and you see the purple screen with the accessibility icon and a space bar hit space, select advanced options and turn on the option -nomodeset.


You can create an alias for apt-get in your home directory. To do so, follow these:

Open a terminal and do this command:

touch ~/.bash_aliases; gedit ~/.bash_aliases

In the new opened file, type these and save and exit.

alias apt-get='apt-fast'

Then, whenever you run apt-get, apt-fast will run instead

For more info, see this page

http://modifyubuntu.com/#terminal


How can I remove modem-manager from boot?

systemctl disable ModemManager.service
systemctl stop ModemManager.service

This worked to disable UML-295 modem from being managed by ModemManger which in turn enabled web-control via http://mbb.vzw.com on CentOS 7.
Check after disabling via:
systemctl list-dependencies multi-user.target | grep Modem


Partitions mounted with fstab, not opening from Nautilus nor Unity sidebars

Unless I'm mistaken, the format for you /etc/fstab is wrong.  The first entry is OK, but the next two should be similar.  You can always check it by entering the command sudo mount -a, which will mount all entries, but then you will see any errors at the commandline output.

Why would you even want to mount a partition to a mountpoint, then change that mountpoint to a different mountpoint?  That seems to be what you are trying to do.

It's much simpler, I think, to use symbolic links, and one mount command.  Once mounted, you can create a symbolic link from /mnt/bis/myuser to /home/myuser/mydocs  You can easily do this with Nautilus by creating the link in /mnt/bis/myuser after it's mounted, then moving it to /home/myuser, and renaming it to mydocs.  I actually use this method for all my home's data directories (Documents, Downloads, Pictures, etc).  It ends up looking like the normal directories, but can be shared with other OS's)


Media buttons stops working with spotify in Ubuntu 16.04

It's an old problem with many hacks that works and don't... There's something called playerctl that people report working. But I've mostly given up finding a perfect solution and I'm just waiting for Spotify to update in a way that solves everything. In the meantime I have a shortcut for a command that pauses the music:

wmctrl -a spotify; sleep 0.2; xdotool key space;sleep 0.2;xdotool key alt+Tab

Change space to for instance ctrl+Right for next song.

This one is funny, but still less work than manually interacting with Spotify. It's however a prerequisite that Alt+Tab works (I know this might differ in say i3 for instance), and that the Spotify window is named "spotify". In my KDE workspace this is done with a fish script I borrowed from here:

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/22561/override-the-window-title-for-an-arbitrary-window-in-kde-and-set-a-custom-window


Why are letters overlapping in the terminal?

Turns out the ttf-ubuntu-font-family  package somehow didn't get installed. Immediately after installing that package, the terminal font switched to the Ubuntu Monospace font and everything was readable again.


This can be caused by a number of different things.

For one, you might consider creating a new workspace and copy the old files into the new one. This has worked for others. Just remember to check the “Copy projects into workspace” when you import.

Another cause could be a wrong configuration in Eclipse. Go to
Preferences --> Java --> Editor --> Content Assist --> Advanced. Here you have to make sure “Other Java Proposals” is ticked.

It could also very well be another applications using the same shortcut which are conflicting with Eclipse. There are no such applications installed by default on Ubuntu though, but it you are using apps such as GNOME-DO (which I believe uses Ctrl + Space) that might be your problem.


Seems like you are running Ubuntu 12.10 which is missing Headers. try installing header file and then installing the driver

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic


How to access encrypted Ubuntu installation from an other computer?

Per the man page for cryptsetup:

  cryptsetup open --type plain /dev/sda10 e1 maps the raw
  encrypted device /dev/sda10 to the mapped (decrypted) device
  /dev/mapper/e1, which can then be mounted, fsck-ed or have a
  filesystem created on it.

So it seems the commands you need are:

sudo cryptsetup open /dev/sdc1 usbdisk --type plain -c aes-cbc-plain
sudo mkdir /mnt/usbdisk
sudo mount /dev/mapper/usbdisk /mnt/usbdisk


gdb - load kernel module for remote debugging

I found that, when the target is another xubuntu, also following works to obtain the text addresses:

(gdb) monitor lsmod
Module                  Size  modstruct     Used by
iptable_mangle         16384  0xffffffffc0f57040    1  (Live) 0xffffffffc0f55000 [ ]
...

then you can use the elsewhere documented commands to tell gdb the offset

(gdb) add-symbol-file mymodule 0xmymoduleaddress


How can I install ubuntu gnome in german

When I looked, I saw a mix of German and English. One item which is not translated is "Firefox Web Browser", and the explanation can be found in this file:

$ head /usr/share/applications/firefox.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Firefox Web Browser
Name[ar]=متصفح الويب فَيَرفُكْس
Name[ast]=Restolador web Firefox
Name[bn]=ফায়ারফক্স ওয়েব ব্রাউজার
Name[ca]=Navegador web Firefox
Name[cs]=Firefox Webový prohlížeč
Name[da]=Firefox - internetbrowser
Name[el]=Περιηγητής Firefox

As you can see, there is no "Name[de]" item, i.e. the German translators have not translated the original name.

So what you can do is picking specific missing translations, rather than referring to "the overview", and file bug reports to the Ubuntu translations project.


To resolve this cursor visible issue, please open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and use the following command.

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.cursor active false

After executing the above command please check whether the cursor issue resolved. If still this issue persist, go to "settings - displays - disable unknown display".


Cluster ssh and why is .csshrc moved to .csshrc.DISABLED

Had the same problem.
To configure your clusters use $HOME/.clusterssh/clusters instead

It has slightly different format:

<tag> [user@]<server>[:port] [user@]<server>[:port] [...]

Check man page if you need more details


bash script: different results when called with or without sudo

Every script begins with a Shebang, without it the shell starting your script doesn't know which interpreter should run your script1 and might – as in the case of sudo ./script.sh here – run it with sh, which in Ubuntu 16.04 is linked to dash. The conditional expression [[ is a bash compound command, so dash doesn't know how to handle it and throws the error you encountered.

The solution here is to add

#!/bin/bash

as the first line of your script. You may get the same result when you call it explicitly with sudo bash ./script.sh, but a shebang is the way to go.
To check which shell runs your script, add echo $0 to it. That's not the same as echo $SHELL, citing wiki.archlinux.org:

  SHELL contains the path to the user's preferred shell. Note that this
  is not necessarily the shell that is currently running, although Bash
  sets this variable on startup.

1: As you started ./test.sh with bash it just assumed bash, the same goes for the sudo su subshell.


Dual-monitor (TwinView) vertical, rotated display: how to make mouse span horizontally?

Make one monitor be "above" (or "below") the other in nvidia-settings "X Server Display Configuration", as opposed to being "the right/left of" the other.

My head still explodes trying to figure out why, but I just think of it as a "relative" thing.  Works for me in Ubuntu 12.04.  Had to add xrandr -o left to session startup to get my display rotate to work across X-server restarts (reboots, re-logins, etc).


Transmission-daemon - dangling symlink and dpkg error

probably some previous version of the package was broken. I'd suggest deleting the file...

sudo rm /etc/rc2.d/S01transmission-daemon


AttributeError: type object 'IP' has no attribute 'SubnetSet'

You're installing the openvpn-as i386 package when what you need is the x86_x64 package. I ran into this earlier today.


Intel Compute Stick STCK1A8LFC Wireless/Bluetooth driver

FYI, Ubuntu 19.04 with its 5.0 kernel now has all the drivers needed for the Intel Compute Stick STCK1A8LFC including Bluetooth and WiFi.

Installation instructions are here.


In Bash you can do things like:

a=1
echo $((++a + ++a))
# result: 5, but don't write code like that

echo $((a+=4))
echo $((a*=4))
echo $((a/=2))
echo $((a-=1))

a=1; b=1
echo $((++a + ++b)) # Result: 4
echo $((--a + --b)) # Result: 2

a=1; b=1
echo $((a++ + b++)) # Result: 2
echo $((a-- + b--)) # Result: 4

The largest number that bash can handle is

echo $((2**63 - 1))
# Result: 9,223,372,036,854,775,807


How do I disable the fourth button on an Apple Mighty Mouse?

Those buttons (forward and back) drive me crazy too! Here's what worked for me:

Open a terminal (CtrlAltT by default),  and run:

$ xev | grep -A2 ButtonPress

This will pop open a window. Move the mouse into that window, and press the button(s) that you wish to disable. Look at the third line for each button-press, which will look something like:

ButtonPress event, serial 37, synthetic NO, window 0x4000001,
    root 0x2f2, subw 0x0, time 355888399, (114,122), root:(114,174),
    state 0x10, button 8, same_screen YES

Note the number after button. For me, the back/forward buttons were numbers 8 and 9.
Close the xev window, and create/edit an .Xmodmap file in your home directory:

$ cat >> ~/.Xmodmap
! Disable buttons 8 and 9
pointer = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0

In your case, to just disable button 4, you'd want pointer = 1 2 3 0 5 6 7 8 9.
 Press CtrlD to return to the prompt, then test it out:

$ xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap

This will load the .Xmodmap file and your button(s) should be disabled immediately.

Most desktop environments should load this file automatically next time you log in, making the change permanent.

This is an old question, but I hope this answer helps someone.


How to insert filename by changing format to same file?

If you have GNU awk (gawk) then you could use its built-in Time Functions to convert pieces of the file name and contents into an epoch time, and then convert it according to a chosen format.

Ex. given

$ cat 20150101.txt
00:00:13 -> 001528

Then

$ awk -F ' -> ' '
    split($1,a,/:/) {
      ds = sprintf("%04d %02d %02d %02d %02d %02d", substr(FILENAME,1,4), substr(FILENAME,5,2), substr(FILENAME,7,2), a[1], a[2], a[3]);
      $1 = strftime("%FT%T", mktime(ds))
    }
    1
  ' 20150101.txt
2015-01-01T00:00:13 001528


Why can't I run a package installed in "/usr/local/bin"?

Run it by typing its name.
You run the installed program like any command--type its name into a Terminal, optionally add whatever arguments you wish to pass to it, and press Enter.
Check for it with which.
Another way to check if it will run is by running which program where program is the name of the program.
That is to say that program is what you'd type to run the program.
Verify its name in the documentation.
If you're not sure of its name, check the documentation accompanying the source code (for example, check the README file in the source code directory.
Did you really install it, or just build it?
Also make sure you remembered to install it. After running make to compile the source code (and optionally make check or make test to test it--usually but not always supported), run sudo make install to install it).

Keep the compiled source code around, and you can run sudo make uninstall later to uninstall it, in case you want to remove it or replace it with a later version.
For more information, see this question, this Ubuntu wiki page (one of the best sources), and this Ubuntu Forums thread.

Try a fresh login, and make sure it's in your PATH.
If the program is installed but which doesn't show it, try a new login. If it still won't run, make sure /usr/local/bin is in your PATH environment variable:
echo $PATH

If it's not, add it: How to add a directory to my path?
Manually make sure it exists.
If ensuring it's in your PATH doesn't fix the problem, make sure the program is actually there.
Check its executable bit.
If it's there but won't run, then as Chan-Ho Suh suggested in a comment, check that the file is marked executable.
You can see this in Nautilus by right-clicking the file and clicking Properties, then clicking the Permissions tab. You can see this in the terminal by running ls -l and seeing if the x bit appears. This wiki page explains how to interpret the permissions (see also this article).

If it's not executable, you can make it executable by running sudo chmod +x program (in the /usr/local/bin directory where it resides).
Or, if you wish to use Nautilus, you can run Nautilus (Alt+F2, run gksu nautilus), and in the root Nautilus window, its Permissions tab will let you make changes.

As a root Nautilus window will let you do just about anything, you can break your Ubuntu system or lose data if you're not careful. Remember that any file opened or program run from a root Nautilus window gives you an application running as root. So you should close the root Nautilus window as soon as you're done with it.
Provide more information to get further help.
If none of this works, we need more information. You can edit your question to provide details about exactly what happened when you did all this stuff. (If you're not the author, you can post your own, new question.)


I have successfully used several different techniques to improve the way Ubuntu uses the storage device, whether that be solid state or traditional drive.

For SSD's you are looking to minimise the number of times the drive is written too, as reads should not add wear to the drive.

1) Manage the swap file

If you do not hibernate your computer and you have ample RAM memory to run all your applications, then in theory you do not need a swap partition.

If you have a mix of SSD and hard drives, place your swap partition on the hard drives only.

2) No Writes for Read Timestamps (suitable for SSD's and hard drives)

Mounting your partitions with the options noatime and nodiratime will stop timestamp writes when you read files and folders.  These timestamp writes are not generally required unless you use a local mail server client such as mutt. The reason this is generally a bad idea, is because every read will produce a write when updating the timestamps. This decreases the life of the SSD.

Edit your /etc/fstab configuration file (carefully - take a backup to be sure as breaking your fstab configuration can prevent you system from working):

cp /etc/fstab ~/fstab-backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

Edit the mounting options for your partitions by adding the text noatime and nodiratime to the lines defining your root (/) and other partitions if you have them (/home) - Note: if you have a /home partition, start with that just changing that partition if you are concerned about breaking something

# / was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=587e0dc5-2db1-4cd9-9792-a5459a7bcfd2 /               ext4    noatime,nodiratime,errors=remount-ro 0       1

# /home was on /dev/sda3 during installation
UUID=2c919dc4-24de-474f-8da0-14c7e1240ab8 /home           ext4    noatime,nodiratime,defaults        0       2

You will need to reboot your machine before these changes take effect

3) Minimising writes from the OS and applications

Assuming that you are not running a mission critical product server, most people do not look at logs should something go wrong (especially as serious errors are rare for most Ubuntu users).  Therefore you can configure Ubuntu so all logs get written to RAM memory rather than the SSD.

Note: only make the following changes when you have installed all software you are going to use (especially things like Apache web server), otherwise you may experience some issues with missing directories in /var/log

For background to this approach, see prolonging the life of your flash drive on ubuntu-eee.com

Open /etc/fstab with an editor (assuming you have backed up the /etc/fstab file)

gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

Add the following lines at the end of the fstab file and save:

# Uncomment these after all server based applications installed - eg. apache
#tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0
#tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0
#tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=0755 0 0
#tmpfs /var/log/apt tmpfs defaults,noatime 0 0
# none /var/cache unionfs dirs=/tmp:/var/cache=ro 0 0

You will need to reboot your machine before these changes take effect

See also:

How to enable TRIM?


I could imagine you will find the answer here:

man davfs2.conf

Does this help?


Try to execute the following commands
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

You can also check the log files:

Use tail -f /var/log/dpkg.log
 In one terminal, and use the update command in another terminal, you should get the error which is not letting you update.


Which graphical card should I buy to be compatible with Ubuntu 16?

i am currently using 7790 and i am ok with it. I would change with nvidia cause of the proprietary drivers. AMD's open source drivers are not so reliable yet. So my suggestion is 7790/GTX750


You will need to put in the encryption key from the local console during boot if you encrypt the OS drive using Ubuntu's built in full disk encryption.

There appears to be ways of saving an encryption key for a encrypted partition so that only root has access, if that is suitable. If someone else has root access, then you have a bigger problem. The partition that the key is saved to should be encrypted, and that may have to be manually decrypted.

You can also just manually mount the encrypted partition and forgo saving a key file.

I have copied the steps below from this link:
https://www.howtoforge.com/automatically-unlock-luks-encrypted-drives-with-a-keyfile
Credit to original author Stephan Jau

Step 1: Create a random keyfile

sudo dd if=/dev/urandom of=/root/keyfile bs=1024 count=4

This will create a file with random content with the size of 4096 bits (better than a 20/30 character password....). You can use any file to act as keyfile but I think a 4kb file with random content is good suited.

Step 2: Make the keyfile read-only to root

sudo chmod 0400 /root/keyfile

That will make the keyfile readable only by root. If someone get access to this keyfile, then you have a bigger problem on your computer anyway.

Alternatively chown your desired keyfile to root:root and move it into the /root folder

Step 3: Add the keyfile to LUKS

LUKS/dm_crypt enabled devices may hold up to 10 different keyfiles/passwords. So, next to having the already setup password we're going to add this keyfile as additional authorization method.

sudo cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sdX /root/keyfile

sdX is of course your LUKS device.

First you'll be prompted to enter an (existing) password to unlock the drive. If everything works well, you should get an output like this:

Enter any LUKS passphrase:
key slot 0 unlocked.
Command successful.

Step 4: Create a mapper

LUKS devices need to create a mapper that can then be referenced in the fstab. Open /etc/crypttab

sudo nano /etc/crypttab

and add then a line like this:

sdX_crypt      /dev/sdX  /root/keyfile  luks

or you can use the UUID of the device:

sdX_crypt      /dev/disk/by-uuid/247ad289-dbe5-4419-9965-e3cd30f0b080  /root/keyfile  luks

sdX_crypt is the name of the mapper that is being created. You can use here any name e.g. "music" or "movies" or "sfdsfawe" ....

Save and close the file by issuing ctrl-x, enter, enter. Ctrl-x closes nano but first it asks to save the file [yes = enter] and what the name shall be [same name = enter].

What we have done there actually is telling that /root/keyfile shall be used instead of password entry to unlock the drive.

Step 5: Mount the device in fstab

Now, we have an unlocked device (well, not yet but when the system is being booted up) and we just need to mount it now. Open /etc/fstab:

sudo nano /etc/fstab

and add a new entry like:

/dev/mapper/sdX_crypt  /media/sdX     ext3    defaults        0       2

Make sure you have the correct mapper name that you added in step 4. Also make sure that the mount point/folder exists. After having added it, save again the file and close it (ctrl-x, enter, enter).

Step 6: Reboot or remount

That's it. Now you can reboot and the additional devices should be auto-unlocked and mounted. You can also test it by remounting all devices:

sudo mount -a


18.04 WiFi BCM43142 no work after upgrade

It looks like bcmwl-kernel-source doesn't build with the 4.15 kernel anymore.
I suggest upgrading kernel by
sudo apt install linux-generic-hwe-18.04

It appeared that gcc is a wrong version to build this module.


You can login with user ubuntu and password ubuntu.
There is no difference between console and ssh login.

Screenshot : login - console

Screenshot : login - ssh


Can't read SD card in digital camera, but can read the card in cardreader

This is a bug in exfat-fuse. It is fixed in newer versions of exfat (https://github.com/relan/exfat). I don't know when this version will end up in Ubuntu. It's not in 15.10 yet at least.
I patched libexfat/mount.c with the change in github, which changes the error to a warning.
I.e. from (row 255, or so):
    if (le64_to_cpu(ef->sb->sector_count) * SECTOR_SIZE(*ef->sb) >
          exfat_get_size(ef->dev))
    {
        free(ef->zero_cluster);
        exfat_error("file system is larger than underlying device: "
                "%"PRIu64" > %"PRIu64,
                le64_to_cpu(ef->sb->sector_count) * SECTOR_SIZE(*ef->sb),
                exfat_get_size(ef->dev));
        exfat_close(ef->dev);
        free(ef->sb);
        return -EIO;
    }

to
    if (le64_to_cpu(ef->sb->sector_count) * SECTOR_SIZE(*ef->sb) >
            exfat_get_size(ef->dev))
    {
        /* this can cause I/O errors later but we don't fail mounting to let
           user rescue data */
        exfat_warn("file system is larger than underlying device: "
                "%"PRIu64" > %"PRIu64,
                le64_to_cpu(ef->sb->sector_count) * SECTOR_SIZE(*ef->sb),
                exfat_get_size(ef->dev));
    }
#endif

In order to get this do:
sudo apt-get source exfat-fuse
cd fuse-exfat-1.1.0/

edit libexfat/mount.c as described above
sudo apt-get build-dep exfat-fuse
dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -uc -b
sudo dpkg -i ../exfat-fuse_1.1.0-2_amd64.deb

And you're done and can mount the SD-card as expected.
Good luck!


Can I disable LVM on my ubuntu installation

That's actually easier than you'd think: If you have a spare-partition or -harddisk around that is at least the size of the logical volume that you'd like to convert to a partition, you can easily do this with dd.

Imagine that /dev/vg/volume is a logical volume that consists of only one partition, /dev/sday:

# dd if=/dev/vg/volume of=/dev/sdbx bs=8M
# dd if=/dev/sdbx of=/dev/sday bs=8M

That's it. This will back up the logical, continuous data that's hosted on the lvm to a partition. After the first dd you'll be able to mount /dev/sdbx and see how the content of /dev/vg/volume has been copied.

check the source


How to make a time-lapse video from a batch of photos

The Command Line Method

Grab mencoder from the repos.
Drop your image files (all image files, the whole image files and nothing but the image files) into a separate directory.
Run a mencoder on them, e.g. mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=1920:h=1080:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4v2:vbitrate=16000:keyint=15:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o output.avi.

The options above worked well for my images, which were at HD1080 resolution, producing a video at 25fps (the usual TV frame rate in Europe). If you have different needs, you need to tweak the options.

The options after the -mf switch specify the media format.

Set w=1920:h=1080 to your desired width and height.
Set fps=25 to your desired frame rate.

The options after -lavcopts are the encoder options. These can heavily affect output quality.

vbitrate=16000 sets the bit rate to 16 Mbit/s, which I found to work well for HD1080. For lower resolutions, you can lower this value – I have heard reports about vbitrate=8000 giving good results for VGA resolution. Caveat: interpretation of this value is tricky. Values up to 16000 will be interpreted as kilobytes (1000 bytes), anything above will be interpreted as bytes. Therefore, the maximum of 24 Mbit/s would be entered as vbitrate=24000000. (I found this results in a just marginally bigger file, so I eventually decided to stick with that.)
keyint=15 specifies a key frame every 15 frames. Key frames hold a full screen image, whereas all other frames hold only the changes since the last frame. Increasing this value results in a smaller file, at the cost of seek precision (video players can only seek to a key frame).

The GUI Method

Get StopMotion from the repositories. Be sure to also get mencoder – it's not a dependency but required to export a video file.

StopMotion has a rather exotic default of 12 fps – you can change that in the main window. After that, simply add your image files to your project. You can preview your movie right in StopMotion, and save it as a project you can edit again later.

When you are satisfied with the result, you can export it to a movie. Before you do that, however, I highly recommend modifying StopMotion's preferences for mencoder, as the default options produce rather blocky-looking videos at 12fps.

Change the default of:

mencoder -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4v2:vpass=1:$opt -mf type=jpg:fps=12 -o "$VIDEOFILE" "mf://$IMAGEPATH/*.jpg"

to:

mencoder -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4v2:vbitrate=16000:keyint=15:$opt -mf type=jpg:fps=25 -o "$VIDEOFILE" "mf://$IMAGEPATH/*.jpg"

After that, export your video.


Actually, whether you have to install the intel-microcode package or not depends entirely on your firmware, and what processor you are using.

If you are using anything newer than a thrid-gen Core, you need the newest microcode to avoid several errata.  It is much worse on 5th gen and 6th gen, where you are guaranteed to have crashes and data corruption due to issues on Intel TSX, AVX/AVX2, virtualization, and power management that were fixed in the latest microcode updates, but even 4th gen processors will misbehave badly when using older microcode.

Basically: install the intel microcode update package unless you really know better.  The newer intel processors have a LOT of functionality defined or parametrized in microcode, and should be treated just like any software package that had receives critical fixes often: keep it up to date.

The issues that Intel has been fixing lately in public microcode updates are everything but minor.  They fix at least one critical issue per public update.


failed to restart samba after modifying smb.conf

Set the rights in you share folder correctly with

chmod 777 /samba/share

and reload smb.conf with

smbcontrol all reload-config


It is missing ia32-libs dependencies.

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

will do the trick.

The problem is that the binary file /usr/bin/xflux is is expected to run with 32 bits libs, so it doesn't work in a 64 bits Ubuntu without the explicit inclusion of the ia32-libs package.


Cannot execute binary file: Exec format error: (Compiling 32 bit code on 64 bit machine)

I am having problems running hello_world.c, compiled for 32 machine, on Ubuntu 20.04 64 bit OS.  No problems when run natively.  Here is my process for creating the executable:
gcc -march=i386 -m32 hello_world.c -S -o hello_world.s
as --32 hello_world.s
as invokes the linker and generates a 32 bit executable image.
jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/VarsityTutors$ file a.out
a.out: ELF 32-bit LSB relocatable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), not stripped
jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/VarsityTutors$
jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/VarsityTutors$ ./a.out
bash: ./a.out: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error
jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/VarsityTutors$ ls -l ./a.out
-rwxrwxrwx 1 jeffs jeffs 1476 Oct 28 15:24 ./a.out
jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/VarsityTutors$

I have read several articles, most of which seem antiquated.  So I have tried:
jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/VarsityTutors$ arch
x86_64
jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/VarsityTutors$ sudo apt-get install multiarch-support
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package multiarch-support is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'multiarch-support' has no installation candidate
jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/VarsityTutors$
jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/VarsityTutors$

I am doing this project for a friend who is taking a class in assembler as part her CS degree.


How to remove the 'tile' background in the launcher icons?

After I was hacking with some files I get it.

Best method:-

1.To Remove the 'tile'

First of all, make a backup of the contents in /usr/share/unity/icons. To do so open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+t and type in the following:

mkdir ~/backup_icons
cp /usr/share/unity/icons/* ~/backup_icons

Then the files below, present in /usr/share/unity/icons are to be opened and edited so that all its contents are removed:

launcher_icon_back_54.svg
launcher_icon_back_150.svg
launcher_icon_edge_54.svg
launcher_icon_edge_150.svg
launcher_icon_glow_62.svg
launcher_icon_glow_200.svg
launcher_icon_selected_back_54.svg
launcher_icon_selected_back_150.svg
launcher_icon_shadow_62.svg
launcher_icon_shadow_200.svg
launcher_icon_shine_54.svg
launcher_icon_shine_150.svg
round_glow_62x62.png
round_shine_54x54.png

It might be difficult to open each file separately and edit. To avoid that do the following:-

Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+t . Then type in :-

cd /usr/share/unity/icons

Now type in :-

for i in launcher_icon_back_54.svg launcher_icon_back_150.svg launcher_icon_edge_54.svg launcher_icon_edge_150.svg launcher_icon_glow_62.svg launcher_icon_glow_200.svg launcher_icon_selected_back_54.svg launcher_icon_selected_back_150.svg launcher_icon_shadow_62.svg launcher_icon_shadow_200.svg launcher_icon_shine_54.svg launcher_icon_shine_150.svg round_glow_62x62.png round_shine_54x54.png; do sudo inkscape $i && read -p

This should open each file one by one for you to edit. All you need to do is just select the image that is shown in Inkscape and delete it. Then Save it and close it. Now you need to press Enter(aka Return) in the terminal for the next file to open. Repeat the editing, saving,closing and pressing Enter process again and do the same till you have edited all the files. Now reboot your PC. You should have your launcher without the tiles.

NOTE:- I have used Inkscape to edit the files. But if you want to use Gimp(or any other editor) you can do so by just changing the word inkscape to gimp(or the name of any other editor) in the above command.

2.To add the 'tile' back again

For this you just have to copy the backup you created above back into /usr/share/unity/icons. For this open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+t and type the following:

cp ~/backup_icons/* /usr/share/unity/icons

You should have your launcher back with tiles now.

Alternate method:-

1.To Remove the Tiles

First you need to get to your ~/Downloads folder by the command:

cd ~/Downloads

Then download a file by the command:

wget https://www.dropbox.com/s/n48gz3g0fachi3t/icons.tar.gz

The download contains a icons.tar.gz file. Then make a backup of the image files at /usr/share/unity/icons by doing the following:

mkdir ~/backup_icons
cp /usr/share/unity/icons/* ~/backup_icons

Then get to /usr/share/unity:

cd /usr/share/unity

Now untar the tar file downloaded into /usr/share/unity by the following command:

sudo tar zxvf ~/Downloads/icons.tar.gz

This should get rid of the 'tile' .

2.To add the Tile back again

First you need to get to your ~/Downloads folder by the command:

cd ~/Downloads

Then download a file by the command:

wget https://www.dropbox.com/s/31ory2zycvk5c6x/icons.tar.gz

The download contains a icons.tar.gz file. Then make a backup of the image files at /usr/share/unity/icons by doing the following:

mkdir ~/backup_icons_notile
cp /usr/share/unity/icons/* ~/backup_icons_notile

Then get to /usr/share/unity:

cd /usr/share/unity

Now untar the tar file downloaded into /usr/share/unity by the following command:

sudo tar zxvf ~/Downloads/icons.tar.gz

This should add the 'tile' back.

PS:- Actually, the download file I have provided above contains the /usr/share/unity/icons folder with the above mentioned images edited(in the case of "Removing the tile") and unedited(in the case of "Adding the tile back again"). I had thought of saving you the work of editing the images and so I have provided the download files.

By the way, after removing the 'tile' the launcher is going to look like this.(Note: The trash icon will look funny because of my icon set.)

CREDITS for the "Best Method" goes to this question.


Stop ethernet from automatically reconnecting

Is this for one of the desktop distributions, or for server? For desktop, open the NetworkManager, click the "Configure Network Connections" icon. You will see all your interfaces. In the General Settings tab, there is a check box for "Automatically connect to this network when it is available". Uncheck it!

For server, just make sure there is no auto eth0 line (possibly along with other interfaces) in /etc/network/interfaces or any of its subdirectories.


How NOT to mount a Windows partion on startup?

If you are installing Windows after you have installed Ubuntu, then Ubuntu probably won't automount your Windows drives. I can't imagine you're doing this, though, because Windows would overwrite your Ubuntu bootloader (GRUB), and you'd need your Ubuntu install disc to fix that. However, assuming that it does automatically mount your Windows partitions, it's easy to fix:

Open a terminal and type ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid. You will see a long list of hexadecimal numbers linked to a physical partition address such as /dev/sda1. Do you know which is your windows partition? You can check by typing sudo fdisk -l and seeing which partition is listed as NTFS. Make a note of what the UUID of this disk partition is as listed in /dev/disk/by-uuid.

Then, edit the filesystem tab by typing gksu gedit /etc/fstab. You will see that partition UUID listed in this file as being mounted type ntfs. If you insert symbol # before each partition that is mounted as NTFS, save, and reboot, none of your Windows partitions will be mounted under Ubuntu unless you explicitly mount them as the root user.

Be very careful when editing the /etc/fstab file. If you comment out the wrong line using the # symbol, your Ubuntu system may become unbootable. Do not put the symbol before any filesystem that is mounted as type ext3, ext4, swap, or proc - these are used by your Ubuntu installation and must be mounted at boot time.


Boot to the live USB/CD media, then install and run gparted.

sudo apt-get install gparted && sudo gparted

This will allow you to resize partitions safely.


Shutdown button in menu does nothing in 14.04

Figured it out. The solution was the following line missing from /etc/pam.d/common-session:

session    optional    pam_systemd.so

I can only assume that this line was added to common-session in a recent update and, because my pam files are managed via puppet, I had yet to reflect this on the template puppet was deploying.


Installing Ubuntu on a internal ssd externally

Yes! Your ssd To usb will work like a flash drive.  You can copy the iso to it like you would do with a flash drive and boot on it like any flash drive.

The way to copy it depends of you other computer's OS.


Hi, is there any possibilities for Mobile phone Dual Boot?

Yes, you can take reference from this:

DualBootInstallation

Not sure Meizu is on supported list.


cannot use internet through ethernet in12.04 getting error net connection has .local domain. Works fine in wifi but problem using wired connection

This link helped me while investigating a similar problem.

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2050126

Especially the following:

 lspci -nn | grep 0200

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential
wget http://www.orbit-lab.org/kernel/compat-wireless-3-stable/v3.5/compat-wireless-3.5.1-1-snpc.tar.bz2
tar -xf compat-wireless-3.5.1-1-snpc.tar.bz2
cd compat-wireless-3.5.1-1-snpc
./scripts/driver-select alx
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe alx


Why does my computer show multiple terminals open Ubuntu 13.10

The most likely reason is that there are many "terminals" open. Try hitting Ctrl+Alt+F1-6. These are called TTY terminal sessions.


What is better: moving /home to a new partition or remove everything-but-/home?

It looks like my strategy has paid of. I managed to shrink my only partition by 25 GB, although it cost me some blood, sweat and tears. But that's usual with LVM2 partitions.
I installed 18.04 on the new partition and mounted the old partition to /home. I just removed all the old 16.04 directories from that partition, and my old user data is now in /home/home/<<user>>. But it's a piece of cake to move that to /home/<<user>> when I need it.

Why didn't I do the usual/easy way, just move /home? Well, it isn't easy either to move 60 GB of data to a new partition, while I have only 50 GB of space left.


The amount of groups as user can be part of on a Linux system is indeed limited. But this is a tuneable setting; look for NGROUPS_MAX in limits.h. Linux Kernel 2.6.3+ has this set at 65536.

/usr/include/linux$ grep NGROUP limits.h
#define NGROUPS_MAX    65536    /* supplemental group IDs are available */

But there is another limit for NFS(v4) and this is a lot lower: 16 and this is a limitation of auth_sys not of NFS.

  Can we extend this limit?

From the link:

  The Best Solution Ever!: A New Option for the NFS Server

  I hope this is the first thing you read after encountering this
  problem for the first time. I hope that you don’t have to read any of
  the other “solutions” on this page. I hope you haven’t wasted your
  time doing other work-arounds. I hope you are in an environment where
  you are able to use this solution:

rpc.mountd --manage-gids

  rpc.mountd is the program that actually serves nfs. The –manage-gids
  option allows the server to just plain ignore the incoming bogus 16
  groups from the client, and allow the nfs server to look it up for
  itself. Straight from the man page:

   -g  or  --manage-gids
          Accept requests from the kernel to  map  user  id  numbers  into
          lists  of  group  id  numbers for use in access control.  An NFS
          request will normally (except when using Kerberos or other cryp-
          tographic  authentication)  contains  a  user-id  and  a list of
          group-ids.  Due to a limitation in the NFS protocol, at most  16
          groups ids can be listed.  If you use the -g flag, then the list
          of group ids received from the client will be replaced by a list
          of  group ids determined by an appropriate lookup on the server.

  You must have a modern (past 2007) version ( >1.0.12 ) of the linux
  nfs server for this option and a recent kernel (>2.6.21) to go with
  it. Most modern distros can do it, but if you are using Solaris or
  some sort of embedded NFS appliance, you are probably out of luck.

  On a modern Ubuntu server it has this option on by default. Check with
  the documentation on your distro on how to turn it on properly. Then
  party. I can stop writing this blog post because everyone runs modern
  versions of Linux for their NFS servers right??? :)


Bash: if condition to check if actual date exists as string in file?

Something like:

#!/bin/sh

DATE=$(date +%Y-%m)

if grep "$DATE" file >/dev/null; then
    echo yes
else
    echo no
fi

where file is the name of your file should work. It basically uses grep to search for the value of $DATE in file, and branches depending on whether it was found or not (the exit codes of grep indicate this, see man grep "EXIT STATUS" for more information). You can use if grep …; then exit 0; fi to exit the script if the text is found to get the behaviour you want.


Xubuntu 14.04 bluetooth headphones problem

Ok, finally I solved the problem. I managed to "reset" manually the headphones by long pressing a button. At this point, Ubuntu was not pairing anymore automatically the headphones and I was able to restart a "new device connection".

So, it was not Ubuntu fault. :)


It seems to run on startup. It shows me when I run after a reboot:

sudo service rng-tools status

The following:

● rng-tools.service
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/rng-tools; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (exited) since Do 2016-05-26 20:17:21 CEST; 22min ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 1599 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/rng-tools start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Mai 26 20:17:21 NEXUS-ONE systemd[1]: Starting rng-tools.service...
Mai 26 20:17:21 NEXUS-ONE rng-tools[1599]: Starting Hardware RNG entropy gatherer daemon: rngd.
Mai 26 20:17:21 NEXUS-ONE systemd[1]: Started rng-tools.service.


From the overGrive menu select Preferences to change the settings.

Lubuntu / LXDE / Mint desktop users and users that use Light Themes need to select the Prefer Light Icon Theme or they might not be able to see the default white application indicator icon in the taskbar. Also see notes and instructions for Gnome desktop users.


For some reasons it seems keyserver is taking longer than expected for some reason at least for me. You can try importing key for tor using:

curl https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89.asc | gpg --import
gpg --export A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89 | apt-key add -


Is there a command to get the list of tagged and untagged VLANs in ubuntu?

You will have to look at your routers port configuration to see which tagged VLANs it allows through to your computer, and what - if any - VLAN is set as default untagged.

The traffic you get through on eth0 (or similar) is fro untagged / default VLAN. Traffic on eth0.xxx is from VLAN xxx.


Select the entry you want to delete and use the - sign below the Input Sources as seen in the screenshot below


How do I remove ace-of-penguins without removing lubuntu-desktop?

I've had no problems because of its removal in Lubuntu 12.10. It's considered a "meta package" and not of any consequence.
You can read this: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Lubuntu/Documentation/RemoveLubuntuDesktop.
To quote from there:

When you want to remove a program from lubuntu, you may be told that by doing so it will remove lubuntu-desktop. The package lubuntu-desktop is only used for the installation of lubuntu and can safely be removed.
Lubuntu-desktop is what is called a meta-package which, simply put, is just a list of what to install. It is a design decision that all packages included in lubuntu-desktop depend on it, so as to be able to use --no-install-recommends option when the initial installation occurs, thus preventing non-essential programs being installed.

And here is more on the subject: Re: [Lubuntu-desktop] lubuntu-desktop metapackage - Recommends vs Dependencies.