Internet is extremely slow on Ubuntu with Realtek 8168 (rev 09)

Run in terminal

sudo apt-get install r8168-dkms

and reboot.

This will install another driver. It should work better.


shell script to check if input is a string/integer/float

This bash code returns integer for integers like 123, float for floating point numbers like 123.4 and string for any other input values like "123", One23 123. or 123.4.5.

#!/bin/bash
read -p "Type a number or a string: " input
if [[ $input =~ ^[+-]?[0-9]+$ ]]; then
echo "Input is an integer."

elif [[ $input =~ ^[+-]?[0-9]+\.$ ]]; then
echo "Input is a string."

elif [[ $input =~ ^[+-]?[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*$ ]]; then
echo "Input is a float."

else
echo "Input is a string."
fi


Ubuntu 16,04 GUI only updates when switching to and from tty

Changing from Nouveau driver to the 384.130 nvidia driver solved the issue. I don't know if it somehow switched or the Nouveau driver stopped working.


Using Ubuntu Server 18.04 on a virtual machine to 'simulate' a remote server

In a VMware Player virtualized server there is several modes of network connection. They are configured in the Network Adapter section of the virtual machine settings:

Bridged: The VM is independent and have to get its IP address manually or thru a DHCP server in the same network as the host; the server is visible to other hosts.
NAT: The VM uses the host IP address of the host to communicate to
the net, but the server is only visible to its host.
Host-only: The VM can only communicate with and is visible to its host.

So, to make connections to the server from its host in the NAT/Host-only modes, use the local IP address assigned to it by the WMware Player. In the Bridged case, you should use the IP address assigned by DHCP o manually by you.

The easiest to use is NAT; the IP address assignment is automatic and the server can connect to the internet for updates, download packages, etc.

Get the server IP address in the VM terminal using the command ip a:

In this example, the IP is 192.168.177.130; to connect by ssh use the puTTY ssh client to that IP or the cygwin command (change user to your username):

ssh user@192.168.177.130

To check a local page if the server has a web server, go to http://192.168.177.130 in the host's browser, connecting to the server's MySQL  engine in 192.168.177.130 port 3306, etc. Verify that the server's firewall allows the connection to the service you want.

To use a domain name like myserver.testing, add the server's IP and desired name to the c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts file. Edit it with notepad launched as an administrator (Press Windows key, write notepad and launch it with right click/run as administrator) and add the line (change to your IP and name):

192.168.177.130  myserver.testing

Save it and you can use the name as in http://myserver.testing in your host's browser.


Windows 7 Guest doesn't finish installing nor boot in KVM / libvirt on 16.04

I had the same problem and for me it helped to switch the display from "default" to "cirrus". Found that on Stackoverflow.


VMWare ESXi is a bare-metal hypervisor.  What this means in practice is that you install the software on an Intel based PC - usually of a server type specification such as a Xeon Processor.  The software is NOT designed to co-exist with anything else on that PC.  Thus you are unlikely to be able to dual boot ESXi and Ubuntu on the same PC.

The software does not have a GUI per-se and is not designed to be installed within another virtualisation solution such as virtualbox or Windows Hyper-V.

To create and install virtual machines you require another PC such as your laptop with VMWare vSphere client installed connected in a TCPIP local network to the ESXi hosted PC.  There is no Linux variant of the full vSphere software.  If you want to control ESXi via a Ubuntu desktop you need to control via a browser and VMWare Web Client.

ESXi is "free" but you need to obtain a license from VMWare themselves to keep running the software beyond the evaluation period.

The other type of software offered by VMWare is a type-2 (non-bare metal) virtualisation software called VMWare Workstation and VMWare Player.

There is no such thing as a "free" VMWare Workstation - you need a license and pay lots of money to VMWare.

If you want to use the "free" VMWare Player you should be aware that you can only use this in a non-commercial environment - i.e. home-use.  For a business you need to buy a license from VMWare themselves.

The "free" virtualisation software VMWare Player is available from VMWare themselves.  This software is installable on Ubuntu.  Thus - if you are looking to install a VMWare virtualisation solution within Ubuntu - you should consider either VMWare Player or VMWare Workstation.

Both products are downloadable from the VMWare website.


Ubuntu- no wifi even with secure boot turned off

Go to Settings, Software & Updates, Additional Drivers, and select use next to the wifi drivers, if you're not sure, then select it next to everything. This requires some sort of internet to install drivers though. Another thing to do if it is a fresh install anyway, install ubuntu again and be sure to select install third party software.


Safest way that I think of is to reboot into recovery and "recreate" your user  with the same user id and group id as the files in /home/

Here's how:
1. reboot in recovery mode
cd /home
ls -lisa
If the user  group doesn't have a name then you're gone from the system, note the numbers, first is user second is group.

useradd --home /home/<user> -M --uid <user number> --gid <group number> --shel /bin/dash  <user_name>
and then ,
passwd <user_name>

In this way you create a new user with the given password, and force it to use the old user id and group id, -M does not change the given home directory

If the command complains that the user is in the system, then  its group/uid might have changed somehow, then you can do a couple of things:

passwd <user_name> #to force a password
chown -R <user_name>:<user_name> /home/<user_name>

to forcefully reset all the ownership to your current user.

Or you could use usermod to change the current's user and group id to whatever you have in home.

Best of luck.


ubuntu 12.04 not loading after GNOME uninstallation

Try to open tty console from normal mode (Ctrl+Alt+F1).
If it works, login with your username and password and get root rights by typing:

sudo -s

Then, return LightDM by typing

dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

and choosing it from the menu.
It should work (from the login manager change session by clicking the icon next to your username and from the menu choose Ubuntu.


How to make Banshee copy files to my Creative Zen MP3 player as MP3 instead of FLAC

Make sure you have package gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse installed - it depends on libmp3lame0 which is a basic requirement for encoding MP3 files.

If you have this package installed, you could try to create .is_audio_player file in the root directory of your MP3 player (assuming it uses USB mass storage, not MTP) - there you can specify supported audio formats, e.g.:

output_formats=audio/mpeg,audio/x-ms-wma

for MP3 and WMA. (There's some info on .is_audio_player in Rhythmbox FAQ, Banshee follows these options).

Also, you could try Rhythmbox for transfering the music just to see, whether the problem is Banshee specific or global (e.g. bad system specs for your MP3 player).


"Shared Folders" Feature Is Not Working In VirtualBox

Finally, it's working now.

It seems that virtualbox version in Ubuntu repository is not updated. The latest version in the repository is v4.1.2 while the latest version offered by the official site is v4.1.12. After installing the latest version, everything is working perfectly. Thanks all.


Why the last Ubuntu updates ask to remove libcupsys?

well I do not understand italian ;). I suggest to try what the following command

sudo apt-get -f install

does output. I think you have some broken dependencies already present in your system. If so, the command mentioned will already ask to remove the packages.

After uninstalling the package with the broken dependencies you can install it again and hopefully the brolen dependencies are also repaired.

Greetings from Switzerland, Michael


Change software sources from the command line

There is no command line GUI program like Software Center that can change in sources.list

You need to look into replacement via sed or adding to end of sources.list via cat

There are multiple questions here that helps with that.

Of course you can also edit manually via a text editor like nano.

nano has search and replace functions as well.


Is it possible to upgrade to a specific LTS version?

As mentioned in the comments, you can install any specific release. You can find the one you are looking for here website. Just install as usual (create usb/cd, boot, etc). yet, if you run upgrade/update, you will end up with the final point release anyway.

It is for this same reason that in the official website you will only see the final releases. Any previous one is override by an apt-get upgrade/update operation.


Possibility that ubuntu machine infected by FTP malware

Nobody can advise you on how to block an attacker until you figure out how the attacker is getting access to your systems. To figure out how the attacker is gaining access, you will need to actively monitor the network from a system that has not been compromised, using some software like snort.

If your Ubuntu system has been hacked then you will need to do a complete re-install, and change all user passwords and disable any trusted remote access methods (e.g. ssh trusted keys), and reset all user accounts. Otherwise you run the risk that a backdoor may be hidden in the operating system, filesystem or home directories.

Doing a proper post-compromise cleanup can be a lot of work. Whether it is worth doing depends on how much you value your security. I know one company where the management decided that they did not want to dedicate any resources to investigating a successful hack, even though they had no idea how the hackers got in, or how far they had compromised the network. The reality is that many companies end up in that situation.


Web browser rendering errors in Ubuntu 18.04

You can try to change fonts settings in the tweaks menu.

Install tweaks with

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweaks

and invoke it.

Under the fonts menu change hinting to Slight and the Antialiasing to Subpixel or whatever is the best for your graphics.


Is there anything that allows me to smoothly zoom in with a trackpad

If you use Firefox (recommended) which comes pre-installed with Ubuntu and its the default browser, I class it as the native browser as I have never used anything else on Ubuntu, the latest and fastest version (atow) is Firefox Quantum v70 and if you add the following extension this gives you the ability to zoom smoothly using the trackpad and I think this is exactly what you need:)

https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/multi-touch-zoom/

Alternatively you can zoom using the keys on the keyboard or the mouse and the advantage of these is they work with all applications and do not require any additional apps or plug-ins .  I myself don't like using the trackpad at all and if I want to zoom I use either the keys CTR plus "+" and CTR plus "-" to zoom in and out, or alternatively I have a wireless mouse in which case I can zoom using the middle-mouse button while pressing and holding CTRL.

[edited] Removed this alternative as I realised it was in fact the other answer.


Missing shutdown icon in Ubuntu 17.04 menu

What I had added to all my launchers is a shutdown icon:

When clicked it will call the following dialog:

Save a file named shutdown.desktop in ~/.local/share/applicatons with this content

[Desktop Entry]
Categories=Application;System;
Comment=To shutdown the computer
Encoding=UTF-8
Exec=gnome-session-quit --power-off
Icon=system-shutdown
Name=Shutdown-Button
NoDisplay=false
StartupNotify=false
Terminal=false
Type=Application

To do this, copy all the lines above, open the "Text Editor" (search in Dash) Gedit to paste the text in the still empty page. Then choose File > Save, press CtrlH to show hidden files, browse to .local/share/applications and save as shutdown.desktop:

Then open the file browser Nautilus to again browse to ~/.local/share/applications/ to then right click on the shutdown.desktop file you had just created there.

Click on it with the right mouse button to open the context dropdown menu. Select the last entry Properties. In the following dialog open the
Permissions tab to tick on Allow executing file as program:

Watch the icon change to the red shutdown icon. You can then drag this icon to the launcher:

On clicking on this new entry the following shutdown dialog will appear:

To have it turn off after a countdown see the following question: How do I call gnome-session-quit with countdown from Unity?


After a quick chat, I noted that the DNS entries causing you to resolve your queries. Adding DNS entries to /etc/resolv.conf made me clear that it is indeed the DNS.

Ways of adding DNS entries listed below.

Adding additional entries to resolv.conf

Create a file under /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/ as tail and add them there.

sudo nano /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/tail

and add nameserver 8.8.8.8 (or your preferred DNS). Once done, just restart the network manager with:

sudo service network-manager restart

Adding through network-manager

Edit Connections -> select your network (wired/wireless) and Edit -> IPv4 Settings -> and select Automatic (DHCP) address only -> add under Additional DNS servers


Not able to install fluxgui on Ubuntu 15.10

The Kilian’s repository for flux does not update anymore. But you can install it as given below:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nathan-renniewaldock/flux
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fluxgui

NOTE : you might need to remove kilan's ppa before doing the above steps, to do that :

Remove the old repository :

 sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:kilian/f.lux

Remove its gpg keys:

sudo apt-key del 9BD4ED25

Update sources.list

sudo apt-get update


How to install MySQL 8.0 with lower_case_table_names=1 on Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS successfully?

So far, I can get it to work with a workaround: by re-initializing MySQL with the new value for lower_case_table_names after its installation. These are the requiered steps:

Install MySQL:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mysql-server -y

Stop the MySQL service:
sudo service mysql stop

Delete the MySQL data directory:
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql

Recreate the MySQL data directory (yes, it is not sufficient to just delete its content):
sudo mkdir /var/lib/mysql
sudo chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
sudo chmod 700 /var/lib/mysql

Add lower_case_table_names = 1 to the [mysqld] section in /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf.
Re-initialize MySQL with --lower_case_table_names=1:
sudo mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --initialize --lower_case_table_names=1 --user=mysql --console

Start the MySQL service:
sudo service mysql start

Retrieve the new generated password for MySQL user root:
sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysql/error.log

Change the password of MySQL user root either by:
sudo mysql -u root -p

and executing:
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPa$$w0rd';

afterwards, OR by calling the "hardening" script anyway:
sudo mysql_secure_installation

After that, you can verify the lower_case_table_names setting by entering the MySQL shell:
sudo mysql -u root -p

and executing:
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'lower_case_%';

Expected output:
+------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name          | Value |
+------------------------+-------+
| lower_case_file_system | OFF   |
| lower_case_table_names | 1     |
+------------------------+-------+


Boxes all over unity where text should be

Have you changed the System language? If so, change the language back to English and see if your language package is installed properly.

Can you login from the TTY (pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1 on login screen)? If so, try

sudo apt-get unity-control-center

If this doesn't work, install with fix broken option

sudo apt-get -f unity-control-center

You could also try

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

which will pretty much reinstall Ubuntu.


fsck does not touch your files. It is basically a front-end program that does all kinds of filesystem checks (ie. it checks the integrity of the journaling system).

If you run it interactively it will report on what it did. The checks it runs are:

** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups

and below this it will show a summary of

Number of inodes in use
Number of fragments in use
Number of unused fragments
Number of unused non-block fragments
Number of unused full blocks
Percentage of fragmentation, where: free fragments x 100 / total fragments in the file system

Besides checking inodes and blocks fsck also checks for incorrect . and .. entries and incorrect directories.

More reading material (links from wikipedia on fsck):

adminchoice.com
Oracle docs
lwn.net


Could I install Ubuntu on SD card and run it from my Chromebook?

Yes, you could do this, however you should do a live install, instead of a full install. Live systems are designed to run from your computers RAM, and minimize the number of read/writes to the flash drive. This is important because flash drives have much more finite life spans than hard discs, and a full install, although possible, will burn the drive out quickly. It would also be very slow, trust me I tried it myself once...

You can use the Ubuntu startup disc creator, Unetbootin, or even the dd command to create the live system. These methods will work on both sd cards and USB discs. Here are a couple resources to get to started:

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick


How can I change directory on bash on Ubuntu on windows?

It's because you're passing two arguments to cd. The cd Ashikur Rahman (notice the space) for most commands is something like two separate commands: cd Ashikur; cd Rahman (in cd case 2-nd argument would be just ignored though).

You'd have to enclose the part with space into quotes, like:

$ cd "Ashikur Rahman"


Help, ubuntu server 14.04 crontab cannot run my database backup script, but other simple script is ok

I am going to answer my own question... It is simple actually after trial and error... the script to be set in crontab MUST contain FULL PATH, not relative path.

I hope my experience can help anyone out there since crontab does not provide any analysis of what happened when a script does not run.


Does Ubuntu 18.04 or 20.04 work on Dell Latitude 7310

I am getting back to this in a delayed manner. I was successfully able to install Ubuntu 20.04 on Dell Latitude 7310. So far, everything has worked well.
I had some difficulties with HP printer setup. But after some digging around, I found the answer to that as well.
Thanks!


Brightness doesn't change on Dell XPS15 9550 with 16.04

I had the exact same behaviour than you so hopefully this will solve your issue:

In a terminal Ctrl + T type acpi_listen and press alternatively the luminosity up and down keys F11 and F12 you should get and output similar to the one below.

alexisv@SlingBeast-XPS15:~$ acpi_listen
 PNP0C14:02 000000d0 00000000
video/brightnessup BRTUP 00000086 00000000
 PNP0C14:02 000000d0 00000000
video/brightnessup BRTUP 00000086 00000000
 PNP0C14:02 000000d0 00000000
video/brightnessdown BRTDN 00000087 00000000
 PNP0C14:02 000000d0 00000000
video/brightnessdown BRTDN 00000087 00000000

That tells us the BIOS is registering the key presses and forwarding them to the OS correctly.

Now press Ctrl + C to exit from acpi_listen and type lspci, in my case I was looking for the Intel VGA chip PCI id.

00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake PCIe Controller (x16) (rev 07)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Skylake Integrated Graphics (rev 06)
00:04.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Skylake Processor Thermal Subsystem (rev 07)

Then still in the terminal type:

sudo nano /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

The file didn't existed so I created it, paste into the newly created file the following content:

Section "Device"
        Identifier  "card0"
        Driver      "intel"
        Option      "Backlight"  "intel_backlight"
        BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection

The BusID section should match the "VGA compatible controller:..." ID retrieved previously with lspci. "00:02:0" becomes "PCI:0:2:0"

Save it, log out and restart.

That did for me. Creating the missing X config file got rid of the behaviour you described.

Let me know if it works.


Kubuntu 18.04 suspend function is really buggy and problematic consistently

There is a particular known issue on Ubuntu 18.04, which I think matches everything you describe.

Suspending on Ubuntu 18.04 may sometimes cause X, and hence your entire graphical session to crash.  The issue is described, along with a work-around, in my answer to this question:

Ubuntu 18.04 error on waking up from sleep : Read-error on swap device


How can you get Google Sketchup running?

Google Sketchup is not available natively for Ubuntu, you will have to run it using Wine.
The following links may help you to get things going;

http://wiki.winehq.org/GoogleSketchup

http://ubuntuguide.net/install-google-sketchup-cad-style-app-in-ubuntu-using-wine


Can't install ubuntu phone - click package missing

try this:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-sdk-team/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install click

Best Regards
Miguel


Since Edubuntu itself is no longer supported, and has not been updated since 2014, I suggest you install Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS, then once installation is complete and you have rebooted, use apt to install it with run sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt install edubuntu-desktop which gives you everything Edbuntu provided, yet on a modern version of Ubuntu which is supported until April of 2023.

Why is there no modern Edubuntu package? The volunteers who were maintaining it don't maintain it anymore, and asked it be removed as an Official Flavor of Ubuntu, which is why it now appears as Depreciated, or no longer appears at all.


Where should I report a bug and apply the fix?

XSane is in universe and from looking at it it looks like we import this package from Debian. However it seems the author does not read that list.

In this case I would file the bug and post to the XSane mailing list (I can't seem to find a bug tracker for XSane) and then file a bug in the Debian BTS pointing to the fix.

If the XSane guys take your fix then you're basically done, but having the bug report in the BTS would be a way for the maintainer to see that there's a new fix going upstream that he might be interested in.

Then at some point we get the version in Debian. You can also file a bug in Launchpad but it's probably not needed.

In your case you mention that the project hasn't made a release in a year, in that case filing a bug in Debian is the appropriate thing to do and attach your patch.


I don't know how he got there but to remove him you just need to become root and then run this command:
userdel [The username here]

Note that the username might not be John Smith, instead try to get his username using this command to view the file that contains the passwords:
cat /etc/passwd

The username will be on the left.


black screen after selecting nouveau drivers for nvidia chipset and rebooting

I had to disable hardware acceleration in my xorg.conf to get rid of the black screen issue:

# Add "Option" line shown below to either /etc/X11/xorg.conf
# or /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/foobar.conf

Section "Device"
    Option "NoAccel" "True"
    Driver "nouveau"
    # ...
EndSection


Search for installed nvidia packages.
apt list --installed | grep nvidia

Remove all the nvidia packages.
sudo apt remove package-name
Replace package-name with the names of the nvidia packages from the results of step 1.

If you have added an Nvidia PPA to /etc/apt/sources.list remove that PPA by prefacing its line in sources.list with a # to comment it out. Run sudo apt update to refresh the list of available software.

Reboot with sudo reboot

Run the following command to install the correct proprietary Nvidia driver.
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall && sudo reboot

The autoinstall command of ubuntu-drivers installs drivers that are appropriate for automatic installation including their dependencies.

Keep Nouveau installed as a fallback open source graphics driver so that Ubuntu will still boot in case a problem occurs with the proprietary Nvidia graphics driver.


As far as I can tell, xcb_connection_has_error is part of:

walt@bat:~(0)$ man xcb_connection_has_error
No manual entry for xcb_connection_has_error
walt@bat:~(16)$ man -k xcb_connection_has_error
xcb_connection_has_error: nothing appropriate.
walt@bat:~(16)$ man -k xcb_connection
xcb_connection: nothing appropriate.
walt@bat:~(16)$ man -k xcb
DES_xcbc_encrypt (3ssl) - DES encryption
XGetXCBConnection (3) - get the XCB connection for an Xlib Display
XSetEventQueueOwner (3) - set event queue owner on a shared Xlib/XCB connection

X Windows. What's your $DISPLAY variable set to on both systems? Have you tried the -v, -X and -x options to your ssh command?

Since strings  $(type -p pactl) | grep DISPLAY returns 1 (no match), pactl does NOT directly make use of X Windows and cannot get X Windows errors(xcb_connection_has_error).


Pantheon Terminal Ubuntu 15.04 - GTK3 Title/Header Bar Issue

As @xangua pointed out, pantheon-terminal is using the new "header bars" client-side decoration component of GTK. Unity in Ubuntu 15.04 doesn't appear to support this. An unofficial workaround for the issue I experienced is to disable client-side decorations for the affected app:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gtk3-nocsd
gksu nano /usr/share/applications/pantheon-terminal.desktop

Edit your Exec= line to look like below:

Exec=env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/gtk3-nocsd/gtk3-nocsd.so pantheon-terminal

Now the pantheon-terminal header bar is no longer transparent in Unity :)

EDIT: I now advise against the current version of the gtk-nocsd workaround (0-1+git20140824), as it causes the GUI parts of some programs such as hplip-3.15.6 to segfault when run from the pantheon-terminal. The nocsd authors appear to be working on some fixes for this however: https://github.com/PCMan/gtk3-nocsd/pull/8


How to switch user from the gnome-shell status menu

This was a bug in Ubuntu 16.04. The bug fix is in the accountsservice package and will be automatically applied when you install updates for your computer.

Edited: My original answer gave a workaround for this bug.


Backing up a VM server to an external USB drive

If your VM is named "FooVM", then you can create a snapshot using:

VBoxManage snapshot FooVM take FooVM_Snapshot1

Via command line you can configure where to store the snapshots:

VBoxManage configvm FooVM --snapshotfolder /media/foostick/foofolder

However, take care that the UBS hard drive is available all the time.

You can automate the backups using cron jobs. And there is no need to poweroff the VMs.


My computer freezes suddenly after 1 hour

Did you got any error message then share it.

first follow these simple steps:

Remove Battery and all other external devices power cable also.
press the power button and hold it for 1min.
then try to start.


Sky/Fog/Lighting problems during gameplay GTA San Andreas on Ubuntu Quantal and Intel Mobile 4 Series

I had the same problems. I have an Intel HD 4000 Graphics Chip.

Using the newest driver from the Xorg-Edgers Repository (ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa)
finally fixed it for me on Ubuntu 12.10.


Can you disable the envelope icon in the panel without removing it?

The easiest way to disable the envelope I know is by uninstalling the indicator wich is no big deal as you can revert your changes in the same easy way.

sudo apt-get remove indicator-messages

to remove the indicator.

sudo apt-get install indicator-messages

to get it back again.


How do I triple-boot Ubuntu, Fedora and Windows 7?

I suggest you install Windows first, then Fedora, then install Ubuntu last. Installing Windows first will ensure that Fedora's or Ubuntu's GRUB will detect Windows and allow you to choose between all three operating systems.

Install Windows! (Skip this step if you have it already)
Shrink your Windows Partition using Disk Management by clicking the Start Menu, then right-click Computer, then select Manage.  Then Select Disk Management from the sidebar.

Right-Click the Windows Partition and Choose "Shrink Volume".  Decide How many MB's you will want to give to Ubuntu and Fedora.  More is better. Remember: 1GB = 1024MB.  I suggest shrinking about 20-50 GBs for both Fedora and Ubuntu, since they need at least 6.5 GB for both.
Shut down Windows.
Boot into a Fedora Installation or Live CD and choose "Install Fedora".
Keep going and then stop at this step.

Choose Create Custom Layout.

Select the "Free" thing and then click the "Create" button.

Click Create again.  Choose the Mount Point as / and give some space to Fedora in MBs.  Remember to leave some space for Ubuntu!

Go through the rest of the Process.(next, next, next.)

Restart your machine and setup Fedora.

Fedora is now installed! Have fun with Fedora.

Then reboot into a Ubuntu Live CD.

Again, stop at this step.

Choose Something Else.

Click the Free space and then click Add.  Again choose / for the mount point and use a Logical Partition.  Choose any Disk size you want.

Click OK and go through the rest of the process. (next,next,next.)

A GRUB menu should appear to let you choose Windows, Ubuntu, and Fedora!

Note: If Fedora didn't show up in the GRUB menu, you might have to type sudo update-grub in the Terminal.

Sharing swap on a USB flash drive between Ubuntu and Fedora

Here is how to share swap on a USB flash drive between Ubuntu and Fedora.  (Thanks Akshit Baunthiyal!)

For anyone that doesn't know what Swap is, read the SwapFaq in the Official Ubuntu Documentation.

Boot into Ubuntu.
Insert a 4GB+ USB Stick.  Use a spare one, because stuff on the USB will be gone soon!  Of course, you can ignore these steps, so read the SwapFaq to decide if you really need swap.
Then go to Disk Utility.  The USB Stick should show up in the sidebar.

Because I don't have a spare USB lying around the USB stick that is supposed to show up isn't shown.

Click on the USB Stick, and then select Format Drive.  Then choose linuxswap as the format.  Remember not to format the wrong drive!!!
After formatting, scroll to the side and look at the Device: column.  Note the string that is followed by that.  It should be something like "/dev/sdx1".  Remember that!

Fire up a terminal by searching "Terminal" in the dash.
Type sudo mkswap /dev/sdx1 in the Terminal.  Enter your password when prompted and replace "/dev/sdx1" with the string that I told you to remember.
Next, type sudo swapon /dev/sdb.  Again, replace /dev/sdb with the string.
Then, type sudo gedit /etc/fstab.  A window will appear.

Add /dev/sdx1 swap swap defaults 0 0 to the end of the file.
Save the file and close it.

Apply the same thing with Fedora if you want, but just remember that there is no sudo in Fedora and you will have to switch to a root prompt:

su --login

then type in your password in Fedora and follow the steps without having to type "sudo".

Now you should have a triple-Boot system with Ubuntu, Windows, Fedora, and a swap in Both Ubuntu and Fedora!


It says that the lock file which indicates a dpkg process is running is present. It means either another program is using dpkg (apt, synaptic, auto update, etc.) or there was a problem removing that lock the previous time. The safest way is to reboot your system to reset this lock. If you are sure there is no other process using dpkg, you can also remove that lock manually.

$ sudo rm lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock


How to access the printer from within wine

Since some versions ago, Wine automatically offers to print in any printer already configured in Ubuntu. My confusion was that I did not see it in the Office 2003 that I was emulating in Wine and this was because I did not have it actually connected to the laptop.

So If you do not see the printer in the emulated program it is most likely that it is not actually connected to PC. Connect the printer and Ubuntu will work it's magic with it. Then you can automatically use it in Wine.

I also did not have to install any drivers in Wine to work with it.


Writing a live image to the HDD destroys your boot partition. If you can boot into the "running copy of linux" in the HDD, it means that the live image is not installed onto the HDD. I dont think there is a way to do this. You need to get a CD/USB from somewhere.

Thank You.


How do I execute a sudo command without password and without specifying path?

On Ubuntu, sudo is configured to search for programs in its own secure_path, defined in the /etc/sudoers file, rather than either the invoking user's or target (root) user's PATH:
Defaults        secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"

If you want it to find programs in /etc/scripts, you would need to add that directory to the secure_path. However you might want to consider using one of the locations that is already on the secure_path such as /usr/local/sbin  - which would be more consistent with the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard.


unclaimed Intel video card after upgrade to 20.04 and reinstalling ubuntu-desktop

The driver for the intel card is i915. I saw that in lspci -nnk
Kernel modules: i915

so I tried modprobe i915 which showed an error about the option enable_dpcd_backlight
After commenting out that
options i915 enable_dpcd_backlight

in /etc/modprobe.d/tuxedo-i915.conf
the driver seems to run.
But at least my main problem is solved for now.


Can't boot into Windows 8 from Ubuntu boot screen on startup

Go to this link https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair and install boot-repair using the instructions there. After that, open the application and click on recommended repair. This should repair it.  You can boot Windows through the boot options. Hold whatever key it tells you to hold for boot options. Then select UEFI OS. If you want to boot it through the grub menu, open the terminal using ctrl - alt - t and type

    sudo update-grub

Put in your password.
Grub should automatically detect it.


It's in the directory where you ran the command:

$ touch foo
$ ls -l foo bar@baz
ls: cannot access 'bar@baz': No such file or directory
-rw-rw-r-- 1 muru muru 0 May 30 16:53 foo
$ rsync -aP foo bar@baz
sending incremental file list
foo
              0 100%    0.00kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=0/1)
$ ls -l foo bar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 muru muru 0 May 30 16:53 bar@baz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 muru muru 0 May 30 16:53 foo

If you did rsync .thunderbird user@host: and not rsync .thunderbird user@host (note the :), then the directory was copied to the home directory of user on host (so /home/user would usually be redundant in user@host:/home/user). Without the :, the second argument is just the path to a target directory on the local system.

The same applies to scp.

Note that rsync does not delete source files unless you tell it to. So .thunderbird is still where it was, and a new copy is made wherever it was copied to.

Also note that rsync has different behaviour based on whether the source directory had a trailing /. These two are different:

rsync -aP .thunderbird somewhere
rsync -aP .thunderbird/ somewhere

In the first case, the .thunderbird directory is copied somewhere, but in the second case, the contents of .thunderbird are copied (so you won't see somewhere/.thunderbird, but if there was a .thunderbird/foo, you'd see somewhere/foo instead of somewhere/.thunderbird/foo).


Undefined reference to symbol 'FcPatternAddDouble' - issue with building program

FcPatternAddDouble comes from fontconfig, and if the symbol / function or maybe class is undefined, this is probably because you didn't install libfontconfig1-dev  ?

Then, retry to build your software. If not found one more time, you can try :

make distclean  # removes everything, including Makefile missing fontconfig headers

./configure # add your options

make

If this does not solve yor issue, try :

apt-cache search fontconfig

... and install what could be missing

Last but not least : try to provide some feedback to the guys providing the software, and dont forget to tell them there is probably an issue with build dependencies ;-)

HTH

-- ericb


I have to type in port 80 after my website to see it (www.example.com:80 - but only with ssl)

The default port for https traffic is 443, not 80 as for unencrypted http traffic. If you don't want to type port number after https://www.example.com, you should redirect your traffic from port 8080 to port 443, not 80.


How can I set sources.list to have the latest stable version?

No, Ubuntu does not have a comparable repository to Debian/stable.

The term 'stable' has two meanings:

Debian's 'stable' means that the software is older, has had more time to get debugged, and is less likely to crash.

Ubuntu's 'stable' (used in LTS) means that the software won't change, so it won't break your workflow. It does NOT mean 'less likely to crash'...though several years into an LTS cycle that is also true.

Ubuntu does NOT maintain testing/unstable/stable pockets that you can use in your sources.list. Those are Debian-only. Ubuntu users are expected to release-upgrade either every six months (standard release) or two years (LTS release). The system will not initiate a release-upgrade for you.


A start job is running for wait for network to be configured. Ubuntu server 20.04

In /etc/netplan:
sudo rm -i /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml # remove unnecessary file
sudo -H gedit /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml # edit this file with these contents:
For dhcp:
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp0s3:
      dhcp4: true
      optional: true

For static IP: (bridged network)
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp0s3:
      addresses:
        - 192.168.x.xxx/24
      gateway4: 192.168.x.1
      nameservers:
        search: [mydomain, otherdomain]
        addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]
      optional: true

Create /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg
sudo -H gedit /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg
with the following content:
network: {config: disabled}

Then:
sudo netplan generate
sudo netplan apply
reboot


How to install Beatbox Music Player in ubuntu 14.4 LTS

The developer of Beatbox ended the software somewhere in 2013 due to a lack of time. The last release was "saucy" (13.10). If you want you can add the 13.10 PPA to your system by adding ...

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/sgringwe/beatbox/ubuntu saucy main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/sgringwe/beatbox/ubuntu saucy main

to your sources. And from command line of from Ubuntu software center you can install this older version. Command line:

sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install beatbox.

But Noise Music Player is indeed the to go to music player if you want an alternative. Installation of NMP can be done by adding in a PPA and install it from there (this will install the latest newest version) (command line version):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:elementary-os/daily
sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install noise


Ubuntu Touch - Screen lock activating while transferring files

You might want to try Active Screen app by Michal Predotka as a workaround.


bootable DVD & USB of Centos 6.5 x86 based from Ubuntu 13.10

Brasero can burn images to a disk as can K3b (which I prefer for multi-session projects). CDRW and DVDRW disks can be erased and re-used. A flash drive would be less hassle and faster in the long run.


I solved this problem just by burning the Ubuntu's ISO file with Rufus (instead of UNetbootin, wich I used before). Everything works well now.


What do the `--disabled-login` and `--gecos` options of `adduser` command stand for?

It's all written in the manual page!

You don't need to install something, to search on google or to have an internet connection. Just open your terminal and first of all you must to run the following command:

man adduser

to open the manual page for adduser command.

Then, in that manual page type: /--disabled-login followed by Enter then press repetitively n to find all occurrences containing --disabled-login. Do the same for --gecos.

With a little bit of luck you will find out that:

--disabled-login
          Do not run passwd to set the password.  The user won't be able
          to use  her  account until the password is set.

and:

--gecos GECOS
          Set  the  gecos field for the new entry generated.  adduser will
          not ask for finger information if this option is given.

For those wondering what gecos actually is, wikipedia defines it as follows:

  The gecos field, or GECOS field is an entry in the /etc/passwd file on Unix, and similar operating systems. It is typically used to record general information about the account or its user(s) such as their real name and phone number.


Following the above hints with the gsettings command I edited the command line to:

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.icon-view default-zoom-level standard

And my desktop icons popped back to the correct size.


Why is my top menu missing and how can I fix it?

This can happen if you've changed some Compiz settings which have messed up Unity. You can reset Unity to its default settings.

Resetting Unity:

Hit Alt+F2 and run the following command:

unity --reset

This will only reset the Unity settings in CompizConfig Settings Manager and leave the other CCSM settings intact.


Find minimal equivalent of packages currently installed

aptitude can get you most of the way with its search feature. Here's how you find everything installed that wasn't only an automatic dependency:

aptitude search -F "%p" "?installed ?not(?automatic)"

This wont be optimal some of these may be able to be removed but I don't know a simple way to work that out. Perhaps the answer lies in man aptitude.

On second thought, with that list you could loop through it and find the dependant packages (not dependencies) for each one. If one of those is in the master list, remove the current package from the list... but only after you've parsed the whole list or you'll miss intermediates in a 3+ level dep tree.

You find dependants with a query like this:

aptitude search '~i~Dpackage'

I'd try and write the script but I'm typing this on a tiny phone keyboard. Even I have limits.

Edit: After five minute of trying to sleep, I started hacking away on this. something like this should do the job:

orig=$(aptitude search -F "%p" "?installed ?not(?automatic)")
newlist="";
for p in $orig; do
    depended=0;
    for dependant in `aptitude search -F "%p" "~i~D$p"`; do
        if [[ $orig == "* $dependant *" ]]; then
            depended=1;
        fi;
    done;
    if [[ $depended == 0 ]]; then
        newlist="$newlist $p";
    fi;
done;
echo $newlist

Note this takes a really long time to run and it might be over-keen (eg it will remove thing that you manually installed, that you want to be manually installed, if they are depended on by something else in the $orig list that you perhaps installed afterwards).


Where is turtledemo in the python3 libraries?

The Python package is a little split up, the following should make the turtledemo available again:

sudo apt-get install python3.6-examples

And then all should be well :)


Install gnome-tweak-tool and then go to appearance tab and change the cursor theme to some other theme and back to the original one.
That solved my problem.


Using symlinks stored in /usr/bin that point to other folders to have them in path

I would create a simple wrapper script.

If the program is for your use only and you wish to keep it in ~/Desktop/ufonet, then create an executable script

#!/bin/sh
cd $HOME/Desktop/ufonet && ./yourscript

and place it in ~/bin, which is added to your PATH by the default Ubuntu ~/.profile.

If you want to make the program available to other users, do essentially the same thing but place the wrapper in /usr/local/bin. In that case, I'd suggest moving the whole ufonet directory to /usr/local as well, so that the wrapper becomes

#!/bin/sh
cd /usr/local/ufonet && ./yourscript


Why can't I download the Windows installer (Wubi) from the Ubuntu website?

This seems to be an issue with Ubuntu's website.

You can download the latest Windows Ubuntu Installer here: At CNET (Hit the green button in the top left, under the word "Wubi")

This is a trustworthy website and I would not expect any issues from downloading from here but I cannot take any responsibilities for any issues you have with this website.

Once you have downloaded the tool you can proceed as normal, if you require any further help with the Windows Ubuntu Installer let me know.

Hope this helps,


The Clock on the top bar is gone in 18.04 LTS

Try installing Gnome Tweak Tool, it has options for this:

apt install gnome-tweak-tool or find it in the software store. (Also it might be named 'Tweak Tool' or something slightly off...)


Send command to already started program?

It depends on whether that particular program has implemented such behavior or not, which will be described on its man page.

There is no general way to do this, however some programs define special behavior for specific signals which they receive. For example if you send a USR1 signal to dd command it will print out the progress status.

Sometimes, depending on the program and the information we have about it, we can change some of its behavior by poking around its files or data in the memory.


You could try a different driver. To figure out which one is currently in use, run the lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net command. For example, if the output shows that wl module is loaded, try removing bcmwl-kernel-source and installing b43. B43 is just another driver for broadcom cards.

Edit:

Open the Software Center, search for bcmwl-kernel-source and remove it, then search for firmware-b43-lpphy-installer and install it. Reboot when done.

You may need to load the b43 module manually if there no wireless after that.

sudo modprobe b43


How To Get Browser To Open From Same Folder?

Looks like many have got adjusted with it, the way it is. FWIW, I realized that the "Recently Used" feature in Gnome/Unity shows the most recently changed / downloaded files (not folders).

Since I first download the image that I want add to my blog post, the image(s) is always shown among those "Recently Used". I didn't notice that at first.

The point is, I (and we) want the browser -- here we are talking about Chrome -- to use the same folder/directory as downloads and uploads location. That is, if I download a file, it should go to the "XXX" directory, and when I browse to upload a file, the browser should directly take me to that folder (XXX), instead of the default folders like Pictures, Downloads etc.

What you should realize is that the "Recently Used" feature does the same thing, but in quite a different way. (I tried to make my point clear.)


I am not sure that Ubuntu can change BIOS. You have to search your specific laptop model and find out how to change boot order in order to use, again, your Ubuntu live CD. It usually implies pressing F1, F2, F12, Supr, etc. Once you can boot into the live CD, I suggest to reinstall Ubuntu (otherwise, fixing your GRUB would be much more complicated). Ubuntu now hides boot options but you can unhide them pressing the «shift» key when you turn on your computer.


What is the default Window title font in Unity Desktop?

If you mean the window title font it's Ubuntu Bold 11

If you use Myunity you can easily check and change


Do I really need apt-daily.service and apt-daily-upgrade.service?

You can decide it by yourself. But on my systems (mainly 16.04 LTS) I have disabled both with:

sudo systemctl disable apt-daily.service
sudo systemctl disable apt-daily.timer

sudo systemctl disable apt-daily-upgrade.timer
sudo systemctl disable apt-daily-upgrade.service

Because of the fact that some functionality on desktop is provided by update-manager and
I do not want to get error messages about lock-files in archives or lists directories whenever I run apt manually.


I solved my problem by renaming the default user 'ubuntu' to 'user1' with:

sudo usermod -l user1 ubuntu

And rename the home folder:

sudo usermod -d /home/user1 -m user1

This gave me all the right privileges and permission. I had to login to the container as root to do this.
Maybe it is better to add another user instead, but this worked for me.


qt5-default is version 5.9.5 in Ubuntu 18.04. Open the terminal and type:

sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq qt5-default qtcreator

Qt5 usually should be installed in your regular filesystem, not in a chroot environment. That way applications that depend on Qt5 like Qt Creator will be able to recognize it automatically. Otherwise you must setup a new Qt version in Qt Creator.

Setting up new Qt versions

To add a Qt version:

Select Tools -> Options -> Build & Run -> Qt Versions -> click Add button.
Select the Qt version to view and edit it.

In the Version name field, edit the name that Qt Creator suggests for the Qt version.
In the qmake location field, you can change the qmake location. Change it to /usr/lib/qt5/bin/qmake as shown in the screenshot.
If the Qt version is for QNX, enter the path to your installed QNX SDK in the QNX SDK field.


Cannot boot ubuntu CD on UEFI new laptop (Toshiba Satellite L850)?

Try booting holding f-12 then

change your settings in bios(or whatever it is) so that fastboot/quickboot is disabled,
disable secureboot
and change from uefi to csm(that will require going to setup in boot
menu and checking out every submenu item to find it)
then change your boot order to boot from a cd/dvd
then once you are are ready to boot the disk up
select cd/dvd boot from the smaller boot menu(the single boot menu)

then you should be good to go.

good luck!


Help with installing Ubuntu from usb stick

First thing to do is make sure that you format your USB stick with a FAT32.

Download Ubuntu 32bit or 64bit

Download UnetBootin. UNetbootin allows for the installation of various Linux/Ubuntu distributions to a partition or USB drive, so you don't need a CD. Its available for Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X.

Click here for information on How to create a bootable USB stick on Windows.

Click here for information on How to create a bootable USB stick on Ubuntu.


Upgrade from 19.10 to 20.04 halt forever

Kill the remove process seems worked. Update is fine afterwards


Driver for Intel centrino n-2230 with FRU 04w3765

Your Intel uses the driver iwlwifi that is present in all recent Ubuntu versions. I will be very surprised if it is not loading already. Check:

lsmod | grep iwl

If it is not loaded, load it:

sudo modprobe iwlwifi

If it is loaded already, check the message logs for errors or other clues:

dmesg | grep iwl

Be sure the switch is set to enable wireless:

rfkill list all

Finally, it will be helpful to know your Ubuntu version:

lsb_release -a

Sometimes, there is a laptop mode driver that is supposed to translate key presses, Fn+F2 for example, into action. Sometimes it doesn't work correctly. Please show us:

rfkill list all

Also check to see if the wireless is disabled in the BIOS.


How to recover after all files are deleted from /var folder?

Just to make sure: make a backup of your personal files. You can do this from command line. Reference: How would I use tar for full backup and restore with system on SSD and home on HDD? (but there will be more like this on AU).
Restart with a Live DVD and re-install;
During the setup of the partitions do not format your disks.

If you do it like this you will keep all personal files and the default /var files are restored. You should get your system up and running but do not need to restore a backup. Otherwise do restore the backup.


My screen brightness fn keys don't work.

Edit "/etc/default/grub" as root.

gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

Now, look for the line that looks like:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Append "atkbd.reset" to the end of that line, before the end quotes, so that the line now looks something like this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash atkbd.reset"

Save and close the file, and run the following command:

sudo update-grub

Now, reboot, and test suspending and resuming your laptop. Your issues should now be resolved.


error occured while installing ubuntu 12.04 using Windows installer for Ubuntu Desktop

Are you trying to install Ubuntu 12.04 LTS using the wubi.exe installer from the CD image or as a standalone like from this link Ubuntu Official Wubi Installer, it is suggested that the installer wubi from the link above is the best option.


How to install Ubuntu on Android phone (HTC Desire)

You have three choices:

(1.) No Risk: You can wait until this is better supported, and easy to install.

(2.) Medium Risk: Try Ubuntu Touch on an ASUS Nexus 7 ..

How to install -- Release notes -- Using the device

(3.) High Risk: Try installing (on your device).

wiki.Ubuntu > Touch > Devices > bravo  (aka HTC Desire)

NOTE: This appears to be work-in-progress.


Disabling security updates will unnecessarily expose your server to known and published security risks.

  It is therefore strongly recommended to always install security updates.

To clean up hard disk space after having installed these updates there are much better methods as outlined here:

How do I free up disk space?


sudo: /var/lib/sudo writable by non-owner (040777), should be mode 0700

Open the terminal and type:

sudo chown -R root:sudo /var/lib/sudo
sudo chmod -R 700 /var/lib/sudo

If sudo still does not work, you'll have to fix it from a root shell from the GRUB menu by following the instructions from: How do I add myself back as a sudo user?.


Dynamically load specific version of shared library

The correct command is:

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib/your/path/to/newer/gstreamer/libs gstreamer


I want to completely remove titlebars from windows

Install the compizconfig-settings-manager package.

Open CompizConfig Settings Manager and navigate to the Window Decoration plugin.

Change the value of the Decoration windows entry to none:


Interface error while working with SQL using sql connector

There may be a number of reasons. The most often cited one (see e.g. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55790121/cant-connect-to-mysql-server-on-localhost3306-even-though-mysqld-is-running ) is a small config problem: MySQL does not listen to localhost but to 127.0.0.1.  Could your try this?


How to config uWSGI path for Django project?

You don't have to make same exact structure. Just declare your own setup:
uwsgi --http :8080 --home <virtual-env-path> --chdir <django-project-path> -w <django-project-name>.wsgi

So you can go with:
uwsgi --http :8080 --home /home/ubuntu/Es2al2/website/venv --chdir /home/ubuntu/Es2al2/website -w website.wsgi

You can check each option description and how to use it from official doc here: https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Options.html


Error Installing Scribus on Ubuntu 17.04

Support for Ubuntu 17.04, and its various flavors, such as Kubuntu, has ended this month.  More documentation on Zesty Zapus can be found here.

In order to resolve this, you would need to upgrade your operating system to 17.10.

There are plenty of instructions on how to upgrade your computer - Ubuntu provides a tutorial that utilizes the GUI, or you could upgrade via the command line with:

sudo do-release-upgrade

Of course, the usual caveats apply: make sure you back up your data, be mindful of any proprietary drivers that you have and PPAs that you've added, and read the release notes of the OS version you are installing.  There is another AskUbuntu answer that covers this nicely.

Alternatively, you could 'downgrade' to the 16.04 LTS (which will be supported until April 2021) in order to resolve your issue, but personally I wouldn't recommend this - for your issue an upgrade would suffice.  There is some discussion about this here.


Open a console or terminal and type:
sudo apt update
# enter your password when prompted
sudo apt install steam

After the installation, run steam from the start menu. It might ask you to install even more libraries.


Disable the new ubuntu 18.04 welcome screen

I found the solution to this myself so I'm posting it here for all those who might want to know.

The welcome screen is part of the gnome-initial-setup package. The first time a user logs into a new machine the command /usr/lib/gnome-initial-setup/gnome-initial-setup --exisiting-user runs.

for us simply removing the gnome-initial-setup package during kickstart is a suitable fix as we don't require any of the gnome initial setup stuff anyway (we don't want to create local user accounts or set the system time etc).

if you do still want the pre-login welcome stuff then you'll need a different solution.


I preferred saucy salamendar . here is some key features of 13.10 . and just few day ago i installed cinnamon on 13.10 and that is awesome . hope you like it . here is the link
ubuntu 13.10 key features:
http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/10/ubuntu-13-10-review-the-linux-os-of-the-future-remains-a-year-away/
and for cinnamon :
http://cinnamon-spices.linuxmint.com/


How to run the following command in Ubuntu and which path it is referring to?

You should modify your script to contain the full path to your redis-server executable and you should avoid cd or at least restore the current working directory afterwards (e.g. using pushd and popd):

#!/usr/bin/env bash
~/redis-3.0.5/src/redis-server --save "" &
sleep 1
redis-cli flushall
pushd ~/repos/class-prj/class-prj
npm run app.js
popd

You can save this script in a file with any name, the file extension is irrelevant and can also be omitted. What is important is to make it executable for your user instead:

chmod u+x /PATH/TO/SCRIPT

Now you may run the script by simply entering its full absolute path or its relative path. That means you have to write ./SCRIPT as relative path if it's in the current directory!


How do I analyze my CPU usage over a long period of time?

So I want an app that can analyse my CPU usage

The easiest way for your purposes is to log the CPU load (usage), and then analyze yourself (e.g. with LibreOffice Calc) to find out.

/proc/loadavg contains the CPU's average load for the last 1, 5 and 15 minutes, in the form: 0.91 0.48 0.62 3/357 16607 (the first three numbers are what matter)
You can log this to a text file, say every fifteen minutes, by making it a cron-job.
To do this system-wide, edit /etc/crontab and add this line:

*/15 *    * * *   root    cat /proc/loadavg >> /home/your-username/cpu-load.log

You can set to 1 or 5 minutes instead by changing the first parameter to * or */5 instead of */15
After a few days of normal use, you can import the log file as text/CSV into LibreOffice Calc, and plot the appropriate column (third for 15 minutes), to see your average load.

If your load doesn't go above 2.00 for any lengthy period of time, that means you can make do with a dual-core processor instead of your current quad-core.

There are many network-based monitoring tools, e.g. Munin, MRTG, Cacti, etc. which can be installed from the repositories, will do the logging and even generate pretty graphs for you, but those are complete overkill for what you need. :-)


Scribus: PDF document seems different than in Ubuntu Document Viewer

Scribus can read PDF files but is not a PDF editor.
It's not the right tool for tweaking little bits of text in a PDF.

Also, PDF is not a format that is meant to be further edited.
But, if I had to modify one, I would first try Inkscape.
Then LibreOffice Writer / Draw.
In the past I've used flpsed, but i'm not sure I would still use it.

That being said:

If you're using a stable Scribus 1.4.x, all you can do is:

load the PDF as a background image on a page (put a full page image frame behind everything),
cover the old text with a white rectangle and
retype the text.

Slightly better than tipexing on paper.
If you're working with a development Scribus 1.5.x (or later)

you can load the PDF page as a vector,
remove the old text and
type the new text.

But

The text will always be vectorized on import (no real editing is possible) and
it won't reflow.


IF you got to the point where you were prompted to reboot your system, Ubuntu installed fine. Remove any USD drives and or optical media. Enter your BIOS and make sure the boot order is hard drive first. Please let us know the results. If this does not work disable all boot option EXCEPT the hard drive and retry.


How can I stream audio from Android to Ubuntu over USB

I would assume you can interpreter the audio on the USB without any fancy software. As such gathering audio input from a USB should be the same as gathering audio from any generic USB audio source, such as a mic.

Here is a link that might be useful as a launchpad.
http://wiki.audacityteam.org/wiki/USB_mic_on_Linux


How do I disable the Alt - Tab switcher?

Install CompizConfig Settings Manager, find the Ubuntu unity plugin, Switcher tab, Set Key to start switcher to disabled


If all of your images are in the current directory, you can simply do this:

convert *.jpg myfile.pdf

which is the same as manually specifying all the images:

convert img1.jpg img2.jpg img3.jpg myfile.pdf


1. Automatically
There is a convenience function available for AppImages. You do not need to extract the icon manually. All you need to do is: run the optional appimaged daemon (it runs in user space and does not need root privileges). Download it here:

github.com/AppImage/AppImageKit/releases (scroll down to see it)

It's bundled as an AppImage, and can be used just like one: make it executable and execute.
This daemon scans a few well-known locations for appimages and extracts icons and creates menu entries automatically for you. (It also removes them again if you delete an AppImage).
It is recommended to keep all your AppImages in a directory you should create: ${HOME}/AppImages

Update: According to a comment by user @TSr, appimaged is deprecated now. I did not check this info.
2. Manually
If you insist to do this manually, you can run (in a terminal!):
 ./your.AppImage --appimage-extract

This will create a sub-directory called squashfs-root and extract the complete contents of the bundle there. Here you should find what you are looking for.
Warning: this will only work if the AppImage is of type 2 (following the newer AppImage spec). For AppImage type 1, you have to mount the AppImage manually and then copy the icon file from the mounted directory tree:
mkdir /tmp/mountpoint
sudo mount -o loop your.AppImage /tmp/mountpoint

If the icon is missing, the packager of the AppImage did not bother to include it. Complain with him/her then.


wpa_cli fails when I connect to my interface

I use Ubuntu 16.04 and I know how to fix this.

First, you have to make sure that you didn't change anything in /etc/network/interfaces.

Then you have to go to /etc/wpa_supplicant/action_wpa.sh and change the IFACE variable to

"$(cat /var/run/network/ifstate.wlp2s0)"

instead of

"${CTRL}#/run/wpa_supplicant"

Reboot your system and you will be able to use wpa_cli functions. But nmcli conflicts with wpa_cli, so don't use wpa_cli to reconnect or connect.
https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/QGb8Cs3RMHVXs40VbZ1JCJv4PXG5VQbthB5SUB4NpwrfCj9_xwfZQQbP5wVT95fZllbb_sVQuXlTYiI=w1366-h620


Installed Applications are missing after restart : Ubuntu 12.04

try to press the "windows key" and search for chrome.


Does Wubi format my C drive if I select C drive in 'installation drive'

Wubi doesn't format anything, it installs as a program in windows, then when your computer boots up it'll let you choose ubuntu or windows, it leaves your C drive alone. Hope I helped.

EDIT: Nor does it matter the language you choose, even if it auto detects it, you can change your language in ubuntu.


Dual boot ubuntu win7 install error hibernation

Okay, so I am happy to say that I am writing this answer from my newly installed Ubuntu partition alongside my original Windows 7 partition on my ssd.

I tried burning a newer version of the Ubuntu iso on my flash drive which failed, but I noticed an option in Rufus (software used to burn to drive) that allowed you to burn the iso as a DD image. I reformatted the disk and selected the DD option and went through the process for dual boot installation and to my surprise and relief it worked! Hopefully this can help anyone who has a similar issue in the future as all the relevant threads I parsed were slightly off-topic or did not solve the issue.

Thank you to everyone who responded!


Alternatively you can try to  remove keyboard shortcuts  corresponding to "volume up"  , "volume down" and "mute" in keyboard settings manager ,
 see
here


I would advise installing via Synaptic Package manager to auto-grab any missing dependencies for your architecture, using terminal is an option but I can't advise it unless you can offer a bit more information. Just run a search in Synaptic for GIMP, it sounds like you'd upgraded to a different lib than is required for the version you are trying to run and will have to allow it to revert or find a merged lib to run the package you are trying to install. If you can offer the source for the GIMP package,what manager or site you are trying to install from and what version and architecture of ubuntu you are using I can offer more specific recommends on which libs to install.


Using sudo do-release-upgrade -d will upgrade you to the latest development version as you've read. Currently that is 16.10, named Yakkety Yak, which is being developed at the moment for release in October this year.

The best course of action is to check whether your /etc/apt/sources.list file has been modified by the do-release-upgrade command.

Check whether there are any references to Trusty in the file with:

grep -i trusty /etc/apt/sources.list

If you get lines of output from this command, you are safe to run the following two apt-get commands to ensure that your packages for trusty are as up to date as possible:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Otherwise you will need to reset your sources.list file to its original form.

Now, check that your update manager is trying to go to the right release with:

grep -i prompt /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades

You should see a line saying Prompt=lts. If that is there, then sudo do-release-upgrade should work.


How do you find out where Lubuntu applications are after installation? (Grive specifically)

To install Grive do this in a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:thefanclub/grive-tools
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grive

After that, go to the folder you want to sync (for example):

mkdir ~/Documents/GoogleDrive
cd ~/Documents/GoogleDrive

Run Grive and authenticate:

grive -a

It will open a web browser page and after you accept you'll see a code. Right click and copy. Then right click in terminal and select Paste

Now, everytime you want to sync files do in a terminal:

cd ~/Documents/GoogleDrive
grive

To find out where apps get installed, this may help File location on Ubuntu 14.04


Unable to install python3-dev on ubuntu 18.04.4

Finally the issue was solved by removing the other architectures from dpkg
sudo apt-get remove --purge `dpkg --get-selections | awk '/arm64/{print $1}'`

sudo apt-get remove --purge `dpkg --get-selections | awk '/armhf/{print $1}'`

sudo dpkg --remove-architecture armhf

sudo dpkg --remove-architecture arm64


Missing icons in top panel after 17.04 upgrade

Reference: http://www.webupd8.org/2017/04/fix-appindicator-not-working-for.html

[Quick update] It looks like Dropbox isn't the only AppIndicator that doesn't work in Ubuntu 17.04 Zesty Zapus (under Unity) due to the change of XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP from "Unity" to "Unity:Unity7".

Electron applications (such as the new Skype For Linux, WMail, PB For Desktop and many others) are affected as well, but in a different way. For Electron applications, the indicator is not displayed at all in Ubuntu 17.04 Zesty Zapus under Unity.

The fix is similar to the one applied to the Dropbox indicator. Simply run the application with "env XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=Unity". For example, to start Skype For Linux, you would use:

env XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=Unity skypeforlinux

To make the fix permanent, copy the application desktop file from /usr/share/applications/ to ~/.local/share/applications/, then edit the file and change the "Exec" line by adding "env XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=Unity" (without the quotes) immediately after "Exec=".

Some applications are set to start automatically and in that case, you'll have to edit the desktop file from ~/.config/autostart/ in the same way.

Note that some applications overwrite any changes made to their autostart files, located in ~/.config/autostart/. A way around this is to rename the autostart file, then in the application settings, set the application not to start on login. This way, the modified autostart file will be used (which has a different name and contains the workaround).


How to add Tutanota Desktop Client as Default Mail App (Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS)

It looks like I had all the info, I just didn't know how to put it all together, so in case anyone else was wondering, here's the steps:

1) Download the Tutanota Appimage (you probably already managed this, but thorough documentation is important)

2) Install the Main Menu application by running this line of code in the Terminal application:

sudo apt-get install alacarte

3) Find and select the Tutanota application in the Main Menu application. I found it in the left-hand list under Internet

4) Select Properties on the right-hand side

5) Find the Command line and add this string to the end:

MimeType=x-scheme-handler/mailto

6) Run this line of code in the Terminal application:

update-desktop-database ~/.local/share/applications

At this point the Tutanota app should display as the default mail app if you check out settings.


removing proxy to avoid problems during installation

Open Terminal and type the following command:-

grep -Hnri proxy /etc/apt/

This will list out the current proxy settings used by apt in the following format- filename:linenumber:proxy-setting

If you see any output, it corresponds to apt's proxy settings. They will have to be cleared.

sudoedit <filename>

will allow you to edit the corresponding configuration file. Copy the existing contents somewhere in case you need to restore them, and delete or comment the lines that look like

Acquire::<protocol>::proxy=<your proxy here>

(Add // at the beginning of a line to comment that line. Commented lines are ignored.)

Save the files, close the text editor, and retry.


To make or not to make...python-nautilus a dependency?

It depends how important that Nautilus extension is for your application:

If your application is not really usable without it make python-nautilus a dependency
If your application is usable without it but lacks some important features make it a Recommends
If it's just nice to have make it a Suggests

Instead of using Suggests I would prefer to make the extension a package of its own. That way it is easier for a user to find out what he needs to install if he want to use the extension.


You are setting proxy for firefox, which is read ONLY BY FIREFOX, and not by ubuntu apps.

Ubuntu refers to system proxy settings, which can be set via System Settings > Network > Network Proxy.

Apt refers to its own proxy settings from a file. This link provides the solution (refer to fossfreedom's answer).


Apache doesn't serve files to be interpreted by the browser but to be downloaded

This fixed my problem:

apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5

Apache should restart automatically after that. If not, do this:

service apache2 restart


When will compiz-based version Unity be available for testing?

This is available via the release of Natty Alpha 1.

There is currently a PPA available that was made available for earlier releases of Natty, but this is now no longer necessary; The Unity Installation Guide has intructions on how to install and test this.

Unfortunately due to complications with backporting parts of the GTK3 stack, Compiz, and Unity itself (and not breaking your existing desktop) there will not be a PPA for 10.10 (Maverick). Testing for Unity will have to be done on Natty itself. More information on this development is available on Didier Roche's status report mail to the ubuntu-devel mailing list.

The source code is available here:  or with the following command bzr branch lp:unity


Tool to determine what technology a website is built on

No, If a Website is well build, it should be impossible to see, from the internet, what it is build on.

If (bad) people can guess or see your software stack, they also have easier access to eventual security holes or back doors.


How do I install/run PISKEL after it was downloaded?

Running it is straightforward.

Double click the downloaded zip file and unzip the package to your home directory. This will create a directory Piskel-0.11.0-64bits.
Open a terminal (CTRL + ALT + T).
Entercd Piskel-0.11.0-64bits.
Enter ./piskel.

The Piskel window appears.
Unfortunately, this program does not follow application standards so there is no easy way to add this to your launcher.

You need to tell the operating system where to look for the piskel command. In this case, that is the current directory, indicated by .. So the command ./piskel means "look in the current directory and execute the program piskel located there".


Having a dedicated Swap partition is good but 16 GB of space just for swap is a serious waste of space since most modern systems come with 4 GB of memory so for day to day use, you're very very unlikely to run out of memory.

As Rinzwind mentioned, you don't need more than even 15-20 GB of Ubuntu partition to use it on daily basis. So as you've asked to get more space for currently installed Ubuntu while keeping the swapping intact. Here's what I'd suggest you to do.

What we're gonna do is merge that swap partition back into your Ubuntu partition using following steps.

Firstly, get rid of your Swap partition, follow this link for the same.

Second, merge that unallocated space left out by deleted Swap partition back into Ubuntu partition by resizing it, follow this article.

Now comes the part where we create swap memory without having a dedicated partition.

Open terminal using Ctrl + Alt + T.

Run following command to create swap file by running following command.

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=512

Notice the value of count, which denotes the size of your file in MB that you want to use as Swap memory, replace that with appropriate value as per your system memory. You can refer to Ubuntu Official Docs to know how much swap memory is recommended. 2 GB (2048 MB) of swap memory is enough for a machine with 4 GB of RAM.

The parameter of suggests location and name of swap file, here we create it in / (which is root) and name it as swapfile. I suggest you to leave it as it is.

This command will take a few seconds to complete, depending on how much size you set.

Now, format the newly created file as swap memory using following command.

sudo mkswap /swapfile

Once done, you need to tell Ubuntu to mount this file as Swap memory on startup, to do that, run following command.

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

This will open fstab (File System Table) file in text editor. Add following line at the end of the file. DO NOT CHANGE ANYTHING ELSE IN THIS FILE

/swapfile none swap sw 0 0

Now save the file and close the editor.

Now just restart Ubuntu, and you'll see the Swap memory available in System Monitor.

I understand this is overwhelming for first time user like you but it is worth trying to gain additional storage, so feel free to drop in comments if you're stuck anywhere. :)


moved /home folder into subfolder of /root, when logged as root


How to increase the screen brightness control sensitivity?

I have also noticed this issue on my Hp dv6t-7000 laptop with Intel HD 3000 graphics and a Nvidia GT 630m Optimus card.  I eventually found a fix that worked from the Arch Linux wiki.

Basically my situation was that acpi_video0 was controlling the back-light, acpi_video0 is for ATI graphics. So, I added the following to the grub command line in /etc/default/grub acpi_osi="!Windows2012"  acpi_backlight=vendor, so now it looks like this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash i915.semaphores=1 acpi_osi="!Windows2012"  acpi_backlight=vendor"

Then ran:

sudo update-grub2

A reboot and the sensitivity is fixed.

Hope this helps.


how to setup user accounts on large network

20 computers is not a large network, it's tiny :)

Anyway, you'll want to look at:

ldap for authentication
NFS for sharing files
Puppet for managing configuration of this on all computers (and other things, like the default rootpassword)

All these are rather large subjects, not really suitable for a single answer. So I'll leave you with those links, that should help you get started. Good luck!


Your BIOS settings are corrupt. Did you see this?

  now = Sun Jan 1 00:00:26 2017) is in the future

Suggest you go back into your BIOS/Firmware settings, reset them to defaults, reboot, set the correct date and time, then make other adjustments to match your configuration.

How do you go back into your BIOS/Firmware settings? Depends on the model and make of your PC. Check with your manufacturer's support page to see how.


Repurposing unused desktop as server for data processing

As a server, yes - easily. Simply install Ubuntu Server, set up your router's port forwarding (if needed), install your SSH keys, and get familiar with controlling the machine via ssh.

Advice: ALWAYS use ssh keys on any internet-facing server.
Advice: Whenever possible, use an ethernet connection between router and server, not wifi. Wifi drops or interference may make your server connection annoyingly slow or unreliable.

As a remote server is more challenging. Remote servers must be reliable, of course, and laptops are not the best hardware platform for always-on reliability.

Laptops usually require (valuable) desk space with airflow, screen up. They usually cannot be parked in a closet or enclosed shelf without overheating.
In the event of a power loss, most laptops will NOT automatically reboot upon restoration of power.


This is going to be a pain, because apt was created to solve just these kinds of dependency issues. However you can run dpkg -I package.deb to list the dependencies. Then you will need to download all those packages (that are not currently installed). Those packages could (and likely will) have more dependencies. Just rinse and repeat till you find them all.

You can also do this by looking though a site like this one and downloading all dependencies.

This is going to be a giant PIA and the the primary reason things like apt exist, but this will get you up and running, after a fashion.


Error: build and install Containernet (Mininet) on ubuntu 20.04

I was also facing a similar issue. I think the ansible for containernet is using cgi-bin which is deprecated on its own, its only accessible by cgroup-tools. Its a problem with 20.04.
I would recommend you to work on the docker image as it runs on ubuntu trusty and docker containers are easy to manage.


Translating Ubuntu is a rewarding effort to provide users with the operating system in their language, but at the same time it carries a great deal of responsibility.

We want to make sure users get the most of their native language support, and while lowering the barrier for contributions, we also need to make sure that translators are aware about this responsibility, best practices for translations and of the existence of other projects' translation efforts.

You should start a new team only if there is no translation team appointed for your language. Otherwise you should contact the current team and start working with them. You can identify the team appointed for translating Ubuntu into your language by looking it up on the list of teams in the Ubuntu Translators group.

If the team is no longer active, please let us know by filing a support request and the Ubuntu Translations Coordinators can transfer you the responsibilities of running the team.

Before you apply

Here's the checklist to create a new Ubuntu translations team:

Check for an existing team. Make sure there isn't already an existing Ubuntu translations team for your language. If this is the case, you can skip all subsequent steps and ask to join the team instead.
Natural language. Make sure the language is spoken by real people. There isn't, and there won't be locale support for languages that are spoken by no one at home - so dead languages like Latin or fictional ones like Klingon won't have any support in Ubuntu, sorry.
Locale, keyboard and fonts. Make sure the language has a defined code, keyboard and fonts. You can skip this step if your language fulfills all requirements.
Launchpad team. Create a new Launchpad team for your language. The team's name must accord to the following rules:

ubuntu-l10n-$ISO-639-language-code - Where $ISO-639-language-code is a two-letter or a three-letter (if the two-letter one is not available) ISO 639 code. You can search for the code for your language here. If you don't find your code there, you may want to look at the more comprehensive ISO 639-3 list

Moderated subscription. Make the subscription policy of the new team Moderated or Restricted. Only this way you can ensure the quality of translations and make sure that upstream translations are not modified for no good reason.
Team information. Add some brief information on the team's page. This should include:

A welcome note with the purpose of the team
A note on how to join the team
Links to the team's existing communication channels (e.g. mailing list, forums, IRC channel, wiki, etc)

Team communication. The team should have a communication channel to coordinate the translation activities. This can be any of: a mailing list, IRC, forums, etc. This can be arranged after the team has been accepted, but it is a requirement.
Guidelines. The team should have a set of translation guidelines. This can be arranged after the team has been accepted, but it is a requirement.
Upstream collaboration. The team should be aware of any upstream translation efforts (e.g. GNOME, KDE, Mozilla, OpenOffice.org, Debian, etc.), and coordinate with them if possible. You'll find more information about the different upstreams here.
Coordinator. The team should have a coordinator, who should subscribe to the ubuntu-translators mailing list and forward any relevant announcements or information to the team. It is recommended that all team coordinators read the best practices for the role.

Applying

Application. Once all points have been checked, simply file a support request briefly explaining how you addressed all of the points above, and the Ubuntu Translations Coordinators will add the team to the Ubuntu Translators group. If the information is not clear, they might ask you some questions. That might delay the approval of your team, so please try to be clear on each of the points.

After the team has been accepted

Announcement. Send an e-mail announcing that the team has been created to the ubuntu-translators mailing list.
Ubuntu l10n mailing list. If you wish to do so, you can request the creation of an official Ubuntu mailing list for your translation team by sending an e-mail to rt(at)ubuntu(dot)com. The name of the list should match the name of the team in Launchpad (ubuntu-l10n-).
Guidelines. Remember to add the translation guidelines to your team.
Request language addition. If your language is a new one, you should do the following:

Submit the new locale to the glibc maintainers
Request the addition of the language in Launchpad
File a bug to request the creation of an Ubuntu language pack.

It is also recommended to read the Ubuntu Translations Knowledge Base to start getting familiar with how translations work in Ubuntu.


How to browse the Ubuntu Server Guide https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/ in PURE english from german computer and locale

How did you switch Firefox locale off?

If you in Firefox select Edit -> Preferences -> Content -> Languages and no language is selected (or English is the preferred language), the English versions of the pages should be delivered to your browser.


How to disable right-click menu in terminal?

According to Gnome-Terminal's Manual, there's no such function. You can always use another terminal emulator such as xterm:

This one doesn't have any sort of context menu. I've heard that you used to be able to do Shift + Right click in gnome-terminal, but it doesn't work (anymore).


I want to change the text dat "lampp" in opt/lampp (I installed xampp), but i can't

Open a terminal by typing Ctrl + Alt +T
Type sudo mv /opt/lampp /opt/xampp
Type your password when prompted. Type it blind. It wont show. Hit Enter when done.

This will change the folder name to xampp from lampp.

  Use with caution. Changing the name can affect other applications or scripts which try to search lampp


Access individual lines of a text file and create separate text file with that name

With awk, you can do:

awk 'FNR == NR {filename[FNR] = $0 ".txt"} FNR != NR {print > filename[FNR]}' file1 file2

FNR == NR tests whether we are reading the first file. If that's the case, we save the line in an array.
When we read the second file, we lookup the corresponding array value and use that as the output file.


how to create bootable usb for ubuntu 12.04.3?

You can use universal usb installer.
This is already discussed in ubuntu site.
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows


How do I add color and labels to bash when opened with alias command?

You're looking at this the wrong way around: you need to make the change on the remote server, not on your local machine. Simply set your PS1 prompt to be a different color on the remote machine. Open your ~/.bashrc file on the remote, and change the PS1 variable so that it is different on that machine.
That way, you will always know what machine you are on. See here for details on how to configure your PS1 prompt:
Changing colors for user, host, directory information in terminal command prompt


I can not use the microphone on websites using chromium

In recent versions of Ubuntu (19.10 and above, ref.), Chromium is installed in a snap.  By default, snap isolation allows camera but not microphone.

You can change this graphically using  similar to How do I give chromium permissions to read files of my /usr or /tmp folders? - Ask Ubuntu or via command line, ref. How can Snap permissions be viewed and modified? - Ask Ubuntu.

Command line access to graphical configuration:

sudo gnome-software

Full command line solution:

snap connections chromium  # to list existing permissions
sudo snap connect chromium:audio-record :audio-record  # to enable


Why is my SD card not transferring files to SSD?

troylatroy is likely correct. It could also be your card reader is failing. It's possible that not all the files are lost. Use ddrescue from the terminal to attempt recovery. Use a log file so that ddrescue can work as intended.
The manual can be found here: https://www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/manual/ddrescue_manual.html

Example 9 in the manual specifically mentions your problem..

I have successfully used ddrescue many times to recover data from failing storage devices.


How do I get an Xstream mobile phone working as a modem?

I do modprobe vendor=0x1bbb product=0x6000. I also install wvdial. When I run wvdialconf, the device detected as modem attached on /dev/ttyUSB3. Then I can connect to internet.


This question got my attention as I've designed and built a system based on the Coffee Lake CPU.Testing indicates that while 16.04.1 installs just fine, it fails to reboot after removing the installation media and hitting Enter Upon Power cycling the system it booted and rebooted and shut down as expected with kernel v.4.4.0-134-generic. After updating and upgrading to 16.04.5 it still works as expected. I upgraded the kernel with sudo apt install linux-generic-hwe-16.04 which upgraded the kernel to 4.15.033-generic #36 which immediately broke the graphics (tried and failed to boot in low graphics mode). I also tried linux-generic-hwe-16.04-edge with identical unfortunate results.

Research indicated that you would need a newer kernel than 4.10 and might have to add i915.alpha_support=1 to the kernel flags after (or before) quiet splash in /etc/defaults/grub on the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT= line [which may work.] (https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1728313) This does not appear to be accurate (at least on the hardware I chose which is listed below) and may be just a problem with Wayland (which was short-lived and didn't exist in 16.04 and was dropped from 18.04.

Reportedly this is fixed in kernel 4.15 whereby the Coffee Lake Graphics are no longer treated as Alpha. It might also interest you that in reference to this comment,
Dell is selling Kaby Lake / Coffee Lake developer systems with Ubuntu 18.04 preinstalled. Unless of course you (like me) absolutely insist on designing and building your own gear in which case it's far from interesting.

EDIT:

I built a Coffee Lake system and can confirm that both 16.04.1 and 18.04.1 work fine, however I cannot recommend the hwe kernels at this time. Note that all testing was done via fresh installation.

For those who are interested these are the components I chose (The drives I had on the shelf)I had also ordered a Patriot SCORCH M.2 2280 128GB PCIe 3.0 x2 with NVMe but it won't arrive until later. It will be interesting to see how it compares to the ~52similar less than stellar0 MB/sec I'm getting off the OCZ drive.

Motherboard: Gigabyte H310M-S2P
CPU: Intel Core i3-8100 3.6GHz quad core
RAM: Geil EVO POTENZA 8GB (2x4GB) DDR4
SSD: OCZ-SOLID3
DVDRW: ASUS DRW-24B1ST


Data transfer from 12.04 to 14.04 using same hostname?

Depends on how you organised your old system.

If you have a single / filesystem with data and programs mixed in you could:
 - Install the new system on a new logical volume
 - Mount your old system on /mnt/old or something similar
 - Create a bunch of symlinks from /var/data to /mnt/old/var/data, /home/someone to /mnt/old/home/someone, etc
It is not terribly elegant but you will save yourself copying stuff around.

If you had your /home and/or /var/data on separate logical volumes then you can just remount them on their new places.


How can I use my Active Directory credentials to log in to my Linux machine?

If you're not the Micro$oft AD admin, do some MBA (Management By walking Around) and talk to the guy/gal because to do integration between Linux and Windows, you need willing admins on both sides.

(Putting bottles of real French Champagne right in front of anyone has helped me in 100% of the cases.)


Figured it out.  Somehow, firefox tried to stream the audio to some airplay speakers on the network. (something that actually never worked).  This caused the video to stall.  Killing the WIFI (network) allowed the video to play and send audio to the local device, re-enableling the network caused it to stall again...


dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.5.0-28-generic

Through Google, I have just found what's wrong with that.

Actually, my problem is the same as

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1553405

since my server is also a diskless NFS-booting server...

The solution for my problem is simple:
http://jeffwelling.github.io/2011/08/29/Diskless-Upgrade-Problem.html

Just comment out exec update-grub in the file /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub.

(NFS booting does not need grub.)

Thanks!


Can it be that those links are being copied as separate files now?

I look in the manpage explains it ...

 -H, --hard-links
              This tells rsync to look for hard-linked files in the source and link together the corresponding files on  the  destination.  Without  this  option,
              hard-linked files in the source are treated as though they were separate files.

... which is apparently what is happening here ... so just forgetting about the past hours and trying rsync -Aav -H /mnt/old/backup/* /mnt/new/backup/


Partition problems installing Ubuntu "Your installation medium is on /dev/sdb"

When you make an installation, the installer detects two disks (or more): the live USB you are running from and the hard disk of your computer.
More often than not* the names of the disks will be:
USB: /dev/sdb
HARD DISK: /dev/sda
And the partitions of each disk is a number added to the name /dev/sda1, /dev/sdb1, etc.
When performing the installation, you have to ensure that you select your HARD DISK (/dev/sda), not your USB (/dev/sdb), and ensure that the boot loader (GRUB) is installed on your sda.
* In some situations, the installer may detect the USB as /dev/sda, and the hard disk as something else.


My Wi-Fi on ubuntu 16.04 xenial xerus often disconnect and DNS error

I found that the DNS must set to google DNS because my internet provider have DNS problem, so just change DNS in network configuration to

8.8.8.8

8.8.4.4

and it work normally again.


As we know Ubuntu can manager 6 users in command Line at once, while the user number 7 is the only one who can user the Interface.

Simply Click Ctrl + Alt + F1 then login by administrator username and password.
Type  sudo dpkg --configure -a
Then press Enter, the upgrade package installation will continue, then reboot


This is the gnome-screensaver (at least I had the same problems few months ago).

sudo apt purge gnome-screensaver

should do the trick.


Open a terminal and type
killall gnome-software

You shouldn't need to use sudo.
On reopening Software it will re-index and should remove the problem.
reference to a similar issue


How to access cloud host by secondary IP?

The issue is solved, actually the Firewall was blocking all the Ports for the second IP. I just allowed.


The only solution I am aware of is pixz (sudo apt-get install pixz), a variant of xz using a blocked encoder which allows for fast random acccess/indexing. Additionally, it is a parallel method using multiple cores for compression.

Citing the docs:

  The existing XZ Utils ( http://tukaani.org/xz/ ) provide great
  compression in the .xz file format, but they have two significant
  problems:

  They are single-threaded, while most users nowadays have multi-core computers.
  The .xz files they produce are just one big block of compressed data, rather than a collection of smaller blocks. This makes random
  access to the original data impossible.

  With pixz, both these problems are solved.

Usage is simple:

tar -Ipixz -cf foo.tpxz foo to compress a folder foo

pixz -l foo.tpxz to list files in it (fast!)

pixz -x <file_path> < foo.tpxz | tar x to extract a single file given <file_path> in the archive

As a bonus, you will get access rights stored as well since the files are tarred first!


Minecraft constantly crahsing, Java 8 OPENJDK

I've seen this issue before! :D

You aren't running a good graphics driver or window manager. The same thing happens when you use xiwi on a Chromebook, which is a Chromebook window, not capable of handling GL requests.

Looking across Ubuntu forms, I found this:

  Steps:

  From a terminal

  1) sudo apt-get update

  This will update your apt database to the most recent available packages.

  2) sudo apt-get install build-essential

  This installs the necessary development tools for building source code.

  3) sudo apt-get install freeglut3-dev

  This is the GL/GLUT package.

(https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=345177)

I suggest you try this, and see what happens.

If you can, install the official drivers for your GPU. (The top answer for How to update OpenGL Driver on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS might work for you.)


Skype menu scrolling after upgrade to 14.04

Turned out there is a simple solution:

Make your toolbar position draggable, put I up to the top of your screen. The skype tray icon menu should now be full expanded. Move your toolbar back to where you want to have it. Sykpe menu is still full expanded.

There is even a youtube video showing this


Azureus runs fine on latest java but its dependency check asks for dated version of JRE. How to tell Ubuntu to stop naggin me for "unmet dependency"?

You can't tell Ubuntu to ignore the problem, but you can fake the installation of a package by building a dummy version. It's not that painful.

sudo apt install equivs
nano openjdk-7-jre

Paste in something like the following:

Section: misc
Priority: optional

Package: openjdk-7-jre
Description: Dummy package

And then run:

equivs-build openjdk-7-jre
sudo dpkg -i openjdk-7-jre_1.0_all.deb


Change key that launches dash in Ubuntu 18.04

First, disable the "Cmd" button, which likely corresponds to the Super (also known as Windows) key on other systems. This can be achieved with the gsettings terminal command:

gsettings set org.gnome.mutter overlay-key ''

Then set a key to launch the dash to your preference:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.keybindings toggle-overview ['<Super>s', '<Super>Space']

Here, your choice of key is added to the already existing default binding <Super>s.

Instead of using the command line, you can also change such config settings using dconf-editor.

To revert any change, i.e., reset to default settings, you can use gsettings with the reset option:

gsettings reset org.gnome.mutter overlay-key
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.keybindings toggle-overview