The chainloader +1 syntax in the grub.cfg Windows boot option you posted works on BIOS-mode installations; for an EFI-mode installation like yours, you must chainload to an EFI boot loader file -- normally EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi for Windows. The Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sda1) option from your Boot Repair output looks correct to me, although I may be missing some detail.

It's hard to offer more specific suggestions because you haven't said what's wrong. Yes, you say you can't boot, but you've provided no details! When you select the Windows entry in GRUB, what happens? Do you see a Windows logo appear but the desktop never appears? Do you see a "file not found" type error? Does the computer reboot? Does it catch on fire? Knowing precisely what the computer does when you select that option is necessary to offer anything but shot-in-the-dark solutions.

My own shot-in-the-dark suggestion is to try my rEFInd boot manager. If the problem is with the GRUB configuration, rEFInd may work, since rEFInd uses entirely different configuration files. OTOH, if the problem is with the Windows boot loader, rEFInd won't help at all, since both GRUB and rEFInd launch Windows by using the Windows boot loader. Note that you can try rEFInd by installing it to a USB flash drive or CD-R; ready-made images for both media are available on the rEFInd downloads page.

Another comment: If you haven't done so, you must disable the Fast Startup and Hibernation features in Windows, as described here and here. Of course, you can't do this if you can't boot Windows. The trouble with these features is that they cause filesystem corruption in dual-boot scenarios, and on occasion this corruption causes damage to the boot loaders. If this is the source of your problems, running dosfsck on the ESP (/dev/sda1 in your case) may work around the problem on a one-time basis; however, if you do a sudo dosfsck /dev/sda1 and can then boot Windows, be sure to disable those two features immediately to prevent a recurrence.

One more point: Your ESP uses FAT16. This is a minor technical violation of the EFI specification. It usually works OK like that, but some computers flake out a bit with FAT16 ESPs. There's a small chance that this is the source of your problem. If so, backing up the ESP in Ubuntu (a file-level tool like cp, tar, or zip will be fine), unmounting the ESP, creating a fresh FAT32 filesystem on it, re-mounting it (and adjusting /etc/fstab), and restoring the backup may get things working.


If you are a newbie and want to try out Ubuntu before making any changes to your Windows you can try Ubuntu in VMware as a virtual box, many users are running into issues with windows 10 and ubuntu, ideally there should be no problem if done with understanding, if you have important files please back them, make sure you know your windows 8.1/7 key before making any changes. sometimes both systems get unusable, this forum is getting full of question of windows 10 and Ubuntu issue, read some of the and try to figure what you can avoid before you make unalterable changes. Read the article https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI
I think you should be good.


The system is running in low-graphics mode on hybrid gpu

The latest stable driver is not compatible with Ubuntu 13.04 yet. If you want to try the beta builder that has compatibility (in its changelog: http://support.amd.com/us/kbarticles/Pages/AMDCatalyst13-6LINBetaDriver.aspx). If you want to install, you can follow this tutorial with the beta driver:

Tutorial: What is the correct way to install proprietary ATI Catalyst Video Drivers (fglrx) directly from AMD?

Driver: http://support.amd.com/us/gpudownload/linux/Pages/radeon_linux.aspx


How to add dependencies to a Quickly generated .deb installer?

Additional dependencies that aren't detected by Quickly can be added by running

quickly configure dependencies

Then just add the dependencies to that file and save. The next time you run quickly package it will depend on the new dependencies


Fixed it!

Originally I had this in my boot parameters which isn't compatible with Bumblebee: pci=noacpi

So to fix this I just replaced it with:
acpi_backlight=vendor

For those that forgot how to update their grub boot parameters permanently do:
sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Then add the parameter so it's:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"

Lastly do:
sudo update-grub
sudo reboot

Also if you get a different error saying something along the lines of the nvidia module not being installed do:
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current


18.04, Deja Dup, backup to AWS S3 bucket

According to this GNOME Wiki article, they've removed support for cloud providers by default.

You can re-enable support by,

Opening dconf-editor.
Navigating to /org/gnome/deja-dup and changing the value of the backend key to s3.
When you next open Duplicity/Déjà Dup, S3 will now show as the default option.


Best way to install latest localized version of Thunderbird in 16.04?

Searching in the repository gives two packages:

$ apt-cache search thunderbird | grep Swedish

thunderbird-locale-sv - Swedish language pack for Thunderbird
thunderbird-locale-sv-se - Transitional Swedish language pack for Thunderbird

You can install them as any other package with apt-get install.


Why does unplugging my laptop trigger a 'lid close' event?

There is a similar - if not more pertinent - launchpad bug for your laptop model.

Reading through the bug report, it appears that the BIOS on your laptop is a good candidate for further investigation.

The bug report mentions version 1.09a of the BIOS that fixes the issue.  Can I suggest you look for the latest BIOS update from your vendor website.


How can I manage a snap application permissions using command line?

Through interfaces (plugs/slots)
snap interfaces opera
snap connections opera

You can manually control connection:
snap connect <snap>:<plug interface> <snap>:<slot interface>
snap disconnect <snap>:<plug interface> <snap>:<slot interface>

References:

https://ubuntu.com/blog/a-guide-to-snap-permissions-and-interfaces
https://snapcraft.io/docs/supported-interfaces
https://snapcraft.io/docs/interface-management


converting .ovpn file to these 3 files: ca.crt, client.crt, client.key

Copy the text between <ca> and </ca>, paste it in a text editor and save it as ca.crt. The text between <cert> and </cert> should be saved as client.crt and the text between <key> and </key> should be saved as client.key.

You must set some advanced options in accordance to the configuration file. I couldn't connect to servers using port 80, but port 443 works for me. This is what I did:


Packages (gstreamer, etc.) cause Broken Cache

You experience a bug in the libjack-jackd2-0 package, version 1.9.8~dfsg.2-1precise1 (which isn't a version ever published in Ubuntu, must have come from somewhere else).

It claims to be Multi-Arch: same, but that file differs between architectures.

You can certainly safely delete /usr/share/doc/libjack-jackd2-0/changelog.Debian.gz.
Then run APT again and everything run smoothly.


Assuming you do not have anything installed yet, install nodejs and npm using:

sudo apt-get install nodejs npm

Make a project directory to build your app:

mkdir reactApp
cd reactApp

Initialize your npm project and add all your project lib/dependencies.  You can press enter for all of the questions asked during the npm init. Or you can use npm init -y to skip all questions.

npm init OR npm init -y
npm install webpack --save
npm install webpack-dev-server --save
npm install react --save

Alternatively, you can use the library created by the good facebook folks to bootstrap a react project so that you do not have to worry about webpack, babel-core and the rest...
Simply run:

npm install -g create-react-app

Then after it has been installed globally, you can now use it to create a project

create-react-app projectname

Keep project name all in lowercase or you will get an error (this just started of recent).
When that is done,

cd projectname

and Voila!

npm start or yarn will start up your program at port 3000.


Multimedia keys not working in Ubuntu 19.10

It is a bug/a missing issue of the new software.

It is not an issue with detecting multimedia keys but with connecting the key function with the action.

That is, the desktop recognizes multimedia key (as it shows the ban symbol) and could perform that action (play, stop, next, etc.) but there is not target in which direct it (there is no application registered).

Ultimately, with the upgrade, some component of the desktop does not act more as connector and this id the reason why your fix do not work

  enable/disable the shortcuts [...] didn't work

look for mpris if you want to grow your knowledge


Installing X.org (opensource) Ubuntu driver in the terminal

I assume you have access to the text console. If not, login and use CTRL + ALT + F2 to sign in with no graphics after you boot up.

I believe this is what you are looking for

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati

This will install the driver you are talking about.

Reboot for the changes to take effect.

To first remove fglrx "proprietary-drivers" you could run this before the installation.

sudo apt-get purge fglrx fglrx-amdcccle fglrx-amdcccle-updates fglrx-updates fglrx-updates-dev fglrx-dev


In the EULA use the tab key to navigate between the choices and the enter key to select one.


How do I set custom keyboard shortcuts in Unity via gconftool?

I think you can do it via "Commands" (under "General") plugin of ccsm (sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager). It uses gconf backend, so you should be able to configure it from command line as usual.


Icon assigned in .desktop file is not used when application is loaded and launcher icon appears

Why did you create your desktop file in ~/applications directory? This desktop file should be placed into /usr/share/applications or into ~/.local/share/applications.

The right and successful way to do this is to use Main Menu (it can be installed with sudo apt-get install alacarte command). Search for it in Dash or you can open it from Terminal with this command:

alacarte

After it opens, follow the instructions in the image below:

You can check after in ~/.local/share/applications if you have a new desktop file for Eclipse Juno. The name of the new fesktop file should be something like alacarte-made-x.desktop (where x is a number). And now if you want a copy of this file in your ~/applications directory, you can copy it there without no problem.

And another one important thing: use the full path to the application for command (Exec=/path/to/eclipse) in both desktop files.

See also:

https://developer.gnome.org/integration-guide/stable/desktop-files.html.en
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UnityLaunchersAndDesktopFiles
http://www.frankrock74.it/frankrock74/?p=1738 (in Italian language)


The quick answer is no, there is no default password.

However, it sounds like your keyboard settings for X differ from those setting for tty. Are you using a non-US keyboard, i.e. an AZERTY keyboard from example, or numbers in your password on a french keyboard? There are a couple of things you can try:

Look at the log files to see what the errors are being thrown up,
when you try to log in to the gnome login;
Change your password to something where the keys are always the same
on any keyboard layout, for example uiopkj;
copy your.xinitrc file to .xinitrc.bak, and delete all the lines in
the original .xinitrc file. Run startx with the empty .xinitrc
file. Now try to test your keyboard layout setup.

You probably just need to ensure that the keyboard layouts in tty and Xorg are the same. I've had this happen to me many a time, when I was a locale test engineer, using loads of different "foreign" keyboards. Most frustrating.

Hope that this helps.


Starting a bash script after gnome-keyring-daemon but before gnome-encfs?

Having found no better solution, I decided to modify gnome-encfs to add a pre-command option:

--- original gnome-encfs
+++ modified gnome-encfs
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
     econfig = None
     mpoint = None
     amount = None
+    precmd = None
# =============================================================================
# constants
@@ -125,6 +126,8 @@
                   help="Input for mount point edit")
     og.add_option("", "--amount", default=None,
                   help="Input for auto mount question")
+    og.add_option("", "--precmd", default=None,
+                  help="Input for pre-command question")
     og.add_option("", "--econfig", default=None,
                   help="Input for encfs config file question")
@@ -150,12 +153,12 @@
     opts.p2 = args and args.pop(0) or None

     if opts.add and not (opts.p1 and opts.p2):
-        op.error("add needs an EncFS path and a moint point")
+        op.error("add needs an EncFS path and a mount point")
         op.print_help()
         op.exit(1)

     if opts.remove and not opts.p1:
-        op.error("remove needs a moint point")
+        op.error("remove needs a mount point")
         op.print_help()
         op.exit(1)
@@ -164,6 +167,7 @@
     preset.epath = opts.epath
     preset.mpoint = opts.mpoint
     preset.amount = opts.amount
+    preset.precmd = opts.precmd
     preset.econfig = opts.econfig

     return opts
@@ -220,7 +224,7 @@    _items_cached = None
-def _get_items(mpoint=None, epath=None, anypath=None, amount=None):
+def _get_items(mpoint=None, epath=None, anypath=None, amount=None, precmd=None):
     """Get all EncFS items or those matching given attributes."""

     global _items_cached
@@ -243,6 +247,8 @@
             continue
         if amount and item.attributes["auto-mount"] != amount:
             continue
+        if precmd and item.attributes["pre-command"] != precmd:
+            continue
         match.append(item)

     return match
@@ -292,10 +298,12 @@
         epath = item.attributes["encfs-path"]
         mpoint = item.attributes["mount-point"]
         amount = item.attributes["auto-mount"]
+        precmd = item.attributes["pre-command"]
         econfig = item.attributes.get("encfs-config", "-")
         print("* encfs path     : %s" % epath)
         print("  mount point    : %s" % mpoint)
         print("  mount at login : %s" % (amount == "y" and "yes" or "no"))
+        print("  pre command    : %s" % precmd)
         print("  encfs config   : %s" % econfig)

     return RC_OK
@@ -316,8 +324,9 @@
     secret = preset.password or getpass.getpass("EncFS password: ")
     amount = preset.amount or raw_input("Mount at login [Y/n]: ") or "y"
     amount = amount.strip()[0].lower() == "y" and "y" or "n"
+    precmd = preset.precmd or raw_input("Pre command: ") or None
     attr = {"encfs-path": epath, "mount-point": mpoint, "auto-mount": amount,
-        "encfs-config": econfig}
+        "pre-command": precmd, "encfs-config": econfig}
     attr.update(GENCFS_ATTR)
     name = "EncFS mount at %s" % mpoint
     gk.item_create_sync(KEYRING, ITYPE, name, attr, secret, False)
@@ -343,6 +352,7 @@
         epath = item.attributes["encfs-path"]
         mpoint = item.attributes["mount-point"]
         amount = item.attributes["auto-mount"]
+        precmd = item.attributes["pre-command"]
         econfig = item.attributes.get("encfs-config", "-")
         epath = preset.epath or raw_input("EncFS path [%s]: " % epath) or epath
         econfig = preset.econfig or raw_input("EncFS config file [%s] (`-`: default): " % econfig) or econfig
@@ -351,6 +361,7 @@
         hint = amount == "y" and "Y/n" or "y/N"
         amount = preset.amount or raw_input("Mount at login [%s]: " % hint) or amount
         amount = amount.strip()[0].lower() == "y" and "y" or "n"
+        precmd = preset.precmd or raw_input("Pre command: ") or None
         mpoint = _pathify(mpoint)
         epath = _pathify(epath)
@@ -368,6 +379,7 @@
         attributes["encfs-path"] = epath
         attributes["mount-point"] = mpoint
         attributes["auto-mount"] = amount
+        attributes["pre-command"] = precmd
         attributes["encfs-config"] = econfig
         gk.item_set_attributes_sync(KEYRING, item.item_id, attributes)
         info = gk.item_get_info_sync(KEYRING, item.item_id)
@@ -427,6 +440,18 @@
             msg += "mount point does not exist or is not a directory"
             rc |= RC_INVALID_PATH
         else:
+            if precmd != None:
+                # fire command and forget (do all the error handling in
+                # pre-command - no tie in here if it fails)
+                # My use case: mount sshfs before encfs, if the sshfs
+                # mount fails, then encfs will start on an empty
+                # directory.
+                cmd = precmd.split()
+       #print("pre command    : %s" % precmd)
+       #print("pre command    : %s" % cmd)
+                p = subprocess.Popen(cmd)
+                p.wait()
+                print("Pre command return code: %s" % p.returncode)
             cmd = ["encfs", "-o", "nonempty", "-S", epath, mpoint]
             p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                 env=_encfs_env(econfig))


(16.04) Installing from source with no configure file

Probably the easiest thing is to let pkg-config do the work for you:

INCPATH      := $(shell pkg-config --cflags libxml++-2.6 glibmm-2.4)

You can do a similar thing for the libraries:

LIBS         := $(shell pkg-config --libs libxml++-2.6 glibmm-2.4 sigc++-2.0 gsl)

You will likely find that you also need to modify the actual link rule for the executable target, so that the libraries are to the right of the object files:

$(LINK) -o $(TARGET) $(OBJECTS) $(LFLAGS) $(LIBS)

That was enough to get it to build on my 16.10 box, with default gcc-6 - on Ubuntu 16.04 with the default gcc-5.x you may need to instruct the compiler to use C++11 features e.g. make "CXXFLAGS=-std=gnu++11" .


What is the default desktop environment for Ubuntu 13.10?

Unity is a shell interface for the GNOME desktop environment developed by Canonical Ltd. for its Ubuntu operating system. Unity debuted in the netbook edition of Ubuntu 10.10. It was initially designed to make more efficient use of space given the limited screen size of netbooks, including, for example, a vertical application switcher called the launcher, and a vertical space saver multipurpose top menu bar.

Features

  Dash The Unity Dash is a desktop search utility in Unity.
  Unity Preview is a function that previews an item in the search
  results.
  Lens is a channel to throw the search query to Scope and show the
  search result.
  Scope is a search engine of Dash. The search query is thrown by Lens.

  The following lenses and scopes are installed by default:

  Home lens
  Application lens is a lens to find applications to launch or install.
  The source of installable applications is the Ubuntu Software Center.
  File lens is a lens to show files from local (via Zeitgeist) and
  remote (using Unity's online account function) sources.
  Music lens is a lens to search the user's music library.
  Video lens is a lens to search videos from the user's video library
  and online video services such as YouTube.
  Social lens is a lens to find the user's SNS activities such as
  Twitter, Facebook and Google+ (via the Unity online account
  function).
  Shopping lens is a lens for online shopping. It shows Amazon.com
  search results in the Dash home lens. However, this lens takes search
  queries from all lenses. See Privacy controversy. The shopping lens
  is filtered to prevent the loading of pornographic images

source

Ubuntu 13.10 comes with Unity version 7 by default.

To find out what version of Unity you have, run this command in your terminal: unity --version


Ah: communicating with key servers uses a different port.

See: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=9484262


Custom keyboard shortcuts are reset. How can I make them set permanently?

Thanks to Graham's links, it seems this was fixed for 13.04 but not "backported" to 12.10.

Update Amazingly.. this doesn't appear to be fixed in 13.04 release! :(  I still had to use solution below.

Until then here's something I've pieced together from the comments on launchpad, it works for me on Ubuntu 12.10.

/etc/rc.local didn't work for me, so I created ~/.config/autostart/key_settings.desktop :

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Exec=sh -c 'sleep 1; exec ~/.config/autostart/key_settings.sh'
Hidden=false
NoDisplay=false
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true
Name=Load My Custom Shortcuts

Then the actual script ~/.config/autostart/key_settings.sh:

#!/bin/sh -e
#
#dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/minimize "['<Super>h']"
#dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/close "['<Super>q']"

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings minimize "['<Super>h']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings close "['<Super>q']"

Commented out the dconf method for reference, though gsettings works for me.

To find the keycodes, you can simply use Keyboard Shortcuts window open next to Terminal, then use the "get" command:

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings minimize

PS: this was meant more to elaborate on a practical fix suggested by Graham's links.


ubuntu 12.10 dual boot with windows 8 on two hdds

You should have selected the first option i.e. /dev/mapper/isw_bjchifhafj_Volume0   Linux device-mapper (mirror) (2.0 TB) which has the free space. but the option you selected had the Windows 8 partitions, So as far as I think your windows 8 is still there it is just that you need to install grub or configure it to show and load windows 8.

Let me know if you have any further queries...


keyboard is not working after 1 or 2 minutes when connecting with ssh

The connection to the server gets lost, but your ssh client does not know about it yet, sending keyboard input and waiting for a response.

That happens because some SSH servers will kick idle clients after a period of time (usually 120 seconds). You need to tell your client to send some packages to the server from time to time to show that you're not idle.

Try setting ServerAliveInterval 120 in .ssh/config file or add as a command line option to ssh: -o ServerAliveInterval=120.

See: How to prevent "Write Failed: broken pipe" on SSH connection?


How to recover ubuntu back to normal after interrupting the update?

You'll need to get a console some way, and type dpkg --configure -a as root.
This command will configure already installed packages.
After it is finished try to boot back to the system and upgrade it the way you like.

In the worst case one can do it by using a livecd and chrooting to the original system.


Ubuntu 14.04 Trackpad not working (left and right click work)

The solution for my problem is (perhaps this would also work for you) to install the following package.

xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

See my answer in Toshiba Satellite P745 Touchpad problem

Cheers


How to check if nVidia driver installed correctly Ubuntu 18.04

You could check the terminal with this command:

sudo apt-cache policy nvidia-340

In the return you see the word installed.


Is there a way I can transfer all my web sites on localhost to a new computer?

Thanks to tips both from Askubuntu and from the Linux & Unix SE, I compiled what seems to be the most efficient way of doing what I set out to do. I hope this is helpful to others, and if anyone can see any places where this process can be streamlined and improved, please contribute.

Note before proceeding that I use phpMyAdmin, so that's where I did all my MySQL operations. Also, this is assuming the target computer is a fresh install and that no settings or files on the new computer need saving. These operations will overwrite what's on the target computer. Lastly, this is what I did to transfer my system, so your specific situation will likely differ. This is just offered in hopes of giving people in similar situations a page less blank to start with. I transfered from Ubuntu 13.04 to Linux Mint 14.

On the old computer:

Make a directory where you can store everything you're going to transfer over.

Copy the directory where you keep all your HTML, CSS, and whatever other files that make up your website. I keep mine in directory in my /home folder, and then link to that from /var/www with a symlinked directory called Websites.

Copy all the entire /etc/apache2 directory directory.

Copy the file /etc/hosts.

Using phpMyAdmin, export to an sql file all the databases that you have created and want to move to the new server. In phpMyAdmin, under the export tab in the home area, you need to use the custom option to select which databases to export. Make sure to not copy the databases called mysql, performance_schema, and information_schema. You shouldn't need them, and you can't overwrite them on the new server anyway. So if you include them, it will just cause headaches when installing on the new computer.

Go into the mysql database and copy the table user into an sql file.

On the new computer:

Install phpMyAdmin in Synaptic. This installs all the necessary files for a LAMP server by pulling in all the relevant dependencies. You may need some additional components. In my case, I also needed javascript-common, and xdebug.

From the directory where you have stored all the files from the old computer, as described above, run the following command to move your apache2 directory into your /etc/folder.

sudo cp -R apache2 /etc

Open your old hosts file, and copy the first line only, everything after where it says 127.0.01. Make sure not to copy the line that begins with 127.0.1.1. Open /etc/hosts on the new computer and paste over the first line. Again, be careful to only copy what comes after 127.0.0.1. Leave the rest of the file alone. You will need root privileges to edit and save the /etc/hosts file.

Copy your HTML files and web site data to wherever you usually do. In my case, I keep them in the /home directory. Create a symlink to that directory in /var/www, and if you do, make sure that you have FollowSymLinks set as an option in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default and /etc/apache2/sites-available/default (usually they are the same file, linked to each other). Also, you need to make sure that the privileges for the folders being symlinked in your /home are accessible to the web server in terms of having the right privileges. That's kind of a big topic, and I've noticed people disagree about what makes sense. There are (at least) two users involved, the user account you log into your system with, and www-data, which administrates web server stuff. You could change which user you access your server with, you could include your login user into the right groups to access the web server... maybe... that part is unclear to me. However, for me, running chmod +x on the directory that contains the folder that contains all the HTML files did the trick. Just to be clear, you have to run that one level up from the folder that contains the HTML files. In my case, my HTML files and directories and sites are all in /home/dave/Dropbox/Websites. So I ran chmod +x /home/dave/Dropbox/, and then chmod +x -R /home/dave/Dropbox/Websites. Like I said, this part is fuzzy to me, as privileges always baffle me, but this is what worked.

In my case, I stored some of my Apache log files in a custom folder, called Apache_Logs in my /home directory. Recreate that file, and if you have any other custom features, you need to do the same.

Restart Apache with this command:

sudo service apache2 restart

Now that Apache is done, onto restoring the databases.

The sql file you created with all your databases in it might be large, many megabytes in size. When uploading an sql file in phpMyAdmin, it defaults to only allowing uploads up to a maximum of 2MB. To change this, open /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini, find where it says upload_max_filesize and change that to be big enough to upload your sql file. This requires root privilege, and change it back after you finish this whole thing, if you think it matters. If you do this, you will have to restart Apache again for the new setting to take effect.

In phpMyAdmin, under the Import tab, import all your databases by uploading your sql file.

Still in phpMyAdmin, go to the mysql database, select the user table, and drop it. Then go to the Import tab, and upload the user table sql file you saved from your old computer. At this point, you'll have all the users you had from the old machine, and all your databases, but the users and databases aren't connected, so this next part still has to be done one by one. :(

In the home area of phpMyAdmin, go into the Privileges tab where you'll find a list of all the users. Go through each of your created users, and with each one, select Edit Privileges, then in the screen that pops up, go to Database-specific privileges, select the correct database, and in the next screen you can select for that user to have the right privileges on the database you want them to control. In my case, each user has complete control over the database they administer, so I used the check-all function and saved.

You need to restart MySQL at this point, so the changes in the user privileges will take hold.

sudo service mysql restart

At this point you should be good to go. Open a browser and go to your web sites like you used to do on your old machine, and away you go!

I hope that is helpful for some others.


NVIDIA driver problems on laptop (after botched CUDA installation attempt)

From the Intel GPU page Geforce and Titan

We see that the GT 720M has a compute capability of 2.1.
This is too low for CUDA 9.0, but still enough for CUDA 8.0.  However, Tensorflow has its own compute capability requirements, and they also are above the 2.1 you (and I) have on our machines. Even the dnn requirements are higher, so while it may be possible to run some 9.0 examples, you probably need a more capable GPU for what you want to do. Now the PATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH modifications are clearly described in the Intel instructions for setting up CUDA, basically, adding the CUDA supplied bin and lib directories.

Getting back to the Nvidia drivers from the standard repos, delete that file you identified which suppresses the nouveau driver. reboot and you should be back to decent resolution.  Install the Nvidia driver suggested in the "Software and Updates"/Additional Drivers tab.

Do the Alt-f3 etc. keys bring up a virtual terminal?  Try getting to the desktop with Alt-f7.  If that does not work,
try the recovery grub boot option to get back to a desktop.
Other places to check for leftover config changes are /etc/default/grub, the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" might have a nomodeset left in it.
Check the driver in use with lshw -c video (expected to be nouveau in recovery I guess).
Check the /etc/modprobe.d files for any line blacklisting nvidia.  The only one expected is nvidiafb for the framebuffer.
There are lots of Nvidia black screen problems and answers on this site, use search to see if any of their fixes work for you.


shared driver's permissions on a dual boot machine

This is a common error you will encounter if you havent done the below :

reboot to you windows OS , and there do the following

1) Go to "power options" , which will come up when you right click on the battery icon

2) On your left , open either of these : -> choose what power button does -> choose what closing the lid does

3) you will see a link on top which says : -> (adminSymbol)"change settings that are currently unavailable"

4) remove all the ticks of , fast startup , sleeo , hibernate and lock ,

5) save the changes and reboot the system ,

6) and , check if you can access the windows directories from your ubuntu machine ! , i am sure you will be able to :) .

I hope this helped , this should solve your problem ,


Make sure that you shut down or restart the Windows OS properly before booting your computer into Ubuntu. If you're sharing your hard drive across both partitions, it does not read correctly if Windows is not restarted or shut down correctly.


What would cause /var/log/syslog to only be written to when executing rsyslog -d?

You've already determined that it's a file permissions issue, and that the user specified for the service in /etc/rsyslog.conf is unable to write to the log file.  However your logon user (presumably root) does have access when run interactively.  Here's an example of the section of rsyslog.conf which specifies the service user configuration:

#
# Set the default permissions for all log files.
#
$FileOwner syslog
$FileGroup adm
$FileCreateMode 0640
$DirCreateMode 0755
$Umask 0022
$PrivDropToUser syslog
$PrivDropToGroup syslog

As for logrotate, you may configure how the syslog files are managed, see /etc/logrotate.conf and /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog.  Here's a sample:

/var/log/syslog
{
        rotate 7
        daily
        missingok
        notifempty
        delaycompress
        compress
        postrotate
                reload rsyslog >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
        endscript
}

On my test system, logrotate.conf also contains:

# rotate log files weekly
weekly

# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs
rotate 4

# create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones
create

From man logrotate:

create mode owner group
    Immediately after rotation (before the postrotate script is run) the log file is created (with the same name  as  the  log
    file  just  rotated).   mode specifies the mode for the log file in octal (the same as chmod(2)), owner specifies the user
    name who will own the log file, and group specifies the group the log file will belong to. Any of the log file  attributes
    may  be omitted, in which case those attributes for the new file will use the same values as the original log file for the
    omitted attributes. This option can be disabled using the nocreate option.

So in my case, the create option determines how the new file attributes are set, because the options specified in /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog do not override that global setting.  When mode, owner and group are not specified, logrotate uses the same values as the original log file.

Hopefully, that gets you started.  Good luck!


Can I remove "Nvidia X Server Settings" from startup?

If you don't use this driver anymore, you can remove without any problems in your computer, but you can also uninstall completely the driver, it doesn't have utility anymore.


When I turn on my PC it starts Windows giving me no choice to use Linux or Windows

Follow this process:

Boot into Windows OS
Combine Windows + r keys together and type cmd to open command prompt.
On command prompt type bcdedit /set "{bootmgr}" path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi and hit Enter key

Once done, you will start getting Grub menu every time you boot your laptop.

P.S : To get dual boot working fine on my dell laptop, I took help of this link dual boot windows and ubuntu and I followed above steps too for setting up the grub menu and both OS are working fine on my laptop.


I'd do this:

# extract the userid from the current playlist
prev_user=$(grep -Po '(?<=live/).+(?=/11/11594.ts)' Playlist.txt | head -1)

# find the current userid
current_user=$(wget -qO- 19X.71.5X.252 | grep -oP 'User:\s*\K\S+')

# update the playlist
sed_body=$(printf 's/\<%s\>/%s/g' "$prev_user" "$current_user")
sed -i "$sed_body" Playlist.txt

That grep regex should just find the non-space characters after "User:" (i.e. the userid). This way you don't need the other temp files.

I also use the \< and \> word boundary markers for the sed regex so you match the userid as a whole word.


Run those commands replacing with suitable for your system
grub rescue> set prefix=(hd0,1)/boot/grub
grub rescue> set root=(hd0,1)
grub rescue> insmod linux
grub rescue> linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=/dev/sda1
grub rescue> initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic
grub rescue> boot

Please taek a look for my answer here GNU GRUB Terminal - Instead of Ubuntu login screen
Also Please take a look for this link https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/776643-how-to-rescue-a-non-booting-grub-2-on-linux/

Another solution to boot from livecd and reinstall the Grub

put ubuntu live cd of the same version of your sysetm
boot with try ubuntu without installing

Then run those commands:
sudo fdisk -l

Identify the boot partition with * besied suppose /dev/sda1
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda
sudo reboot
sudo update-grub


What is the difference between "ls" and "ls -p"?

The -p option adds a / at the end of directories, it helps you easily detect which one of the outputs is a directory and which one is a file.

A similar option to -p is -F which uses these characters to indicate:

/ --> directories
@ --> symbolic links
| --> fifo files (named pipes).

On the other hand, ls does not do any of these.

These options are useful when you don't use an option like --color or your terminal does not support colorizing the output.

$ ls
block   dm-1    hwrng

It's hard to tell which one is a directory and which one is a file, right? So:

$ ls -p
block/   dm-1    hwrng

Now I can tell the block is a directory.


How do I enable XDMCP login in Ubuntu 14.04 from the initial Login screen?

Have you tried adding it to init.d   See this tutorial (http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/GDM_XDMCP.html)


Generate a separate .md5 file for each .fastq file in a directory?

The simplest case is:

for file in *fastq; do md5sum "$file" > "$file".md5; done

That, however, will create file names like file1.fastq.md5. Extensions are basically irrelevant here, so that isn't a problem, but if you prefer file1.md5 do this instead:

for file in *fastq; do md5sum "$file" > "${file//.fastq}".md5; done


I will upgrade my laptop's RAM soon - does Ubuntu support this out of the box?

When the new 8 GB RAM device is completely compatible with the hardware specifications of the notebook, there is nothing to be done additionally. When you boot the Ubuntu operating system, it will automatically recognize the new device and use the amount of 8 GB memory. You can read some additional information in the answer to this similar question : Ubuntu settings after adding additional RAM


Accounts lost during in-line upgrade Ubuntu 10.04 -> 11.10

What you observed is the expected behaviour.

We are only able to upgrade from one release to the next or from an LTS-release to the next LTS-release without losing user settings and accounts. All other "upgrades" are basically a new installation but without erasing our /home directory. Accounts and applications will have to be set up again then.

If you had upgraded from 10.04 LTS to 12.04 LTS as a proper upgrade path your accounts would have been preserved. With an interim upgrade via 11.10 this was not possible.

See also the following questions:

Upgrading from 10.04 to 11.04
Can I skip over releases when upgrading?


Connect via ssh to one of the multiple clients on same network

You need to create port forwarding rules in your router's settings, for each device in the local network.

For example you can crate:

rule, where router's port 1110 is redirected to port 22 (this is the standard SSH port) of the device in the local network, which has local IP 192.168.1.110, and
rule, where router's port 1115 is redirected to port 22 of the device with local IP 192.168.1.115.

Let's assume, your router has public IP address 77.60.52.10, so you will be able to connect to the device with local IP address 192.168.1.110 via this command:

ssh username@77.60.52.10 -p 1110

Also, you will be able to connect to the device with local IP address 192.168.1.115 via:

ssh username@77.60.52.10 -p 1115

Here you are, an example for port forwarding on TP-LINK home router:

EDIT: Home routers usually have UPnP configuration interface. In Ubuntu, you can create port forwarding (mapping) through this interface with some tool like UPnP PortMapper.

It is a good idea to set up static IP addresses for the devices in your local network. One of the ways to do that is through address reservation page in the router's setting:

EDIT: Assignment of static IP could be done also through the configuration of the OS. Here's an example of how to do this in:

Ubuntu Server
Ubuntu Desktop

Further reading:

How to create a restricted SSH user for port forwarding?
How to SSH on a port other than 22
Help Ubuntu: Network Configuration


E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages while installing libgl1-mesa-dev for qt

Look carefully at the version numbers:

11.2.0 is in Ubuntu 16.04
17.0.7 is in Ubuntu 17.04

You seem to be trying to mix repositories from two different releases of Ubuntu. Never do that, unless you are an expert. It will break your package management. In fact, that's exactly what it looks like it did to your system.

How to fix it:

Delete all sources from the other release of Ubuntu
Uninstall all packages that you installed from those wrong-version sources

Depending upon what you already installed, there may be no easy way to undo the damage. It requires patience and hard work by you...or a complete reinstall.


Why apt-upgrade command didn't update PHP version?

Ubuntu 18.04 ships PHP 7.2. You can find that out by searching the packages here.
But there is a PPA providing new PHP versions: https://launchpad.net/~ondrej/+archive/ubuntu/php
You may use that by
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
sudo apt-get update

Then install the desired php packages and versions. Best use aptitude and search for php8.


It seems that you are missing a dependency.

You can try to install the glade library using this command:

sudo apt-get install python-glade2


What are the Enlightenment (e17) shortcut keys?

go to:

Menu
Settings Panel
Key Bindings
Add

then press the desired Key and associated command.

hope is that you want?


After mounting new hard drive, Ubuntu won't boot, only presents grey screen

Your data drive is automonted, so it is hanging because the fstab entry in now incorrect.

From the recovery mode terminal type:

nano /etc/fstab

Edit the entry for the data drive. If you only formatted then the UUID should be the same but verify. You need to change the file type to ext4 and change the options to defaults. the result should look like:

UUID=<the ID> /path/for/mount ext4 defaults 0 0

save and reboot.


What are the allowed characters for a password?

Based on testing:

\0 is treated as marking the end of the password.
Spaces are allowed. Though it isn't shown in the output below, by using CtrlV, I was able to use Enter, Esc and other keys in a password.

$ pwgen 10 1
Pohhei8sai
$ passwd
Changing password for muru.
(current) UNIX password:
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully
$ printf 'Pohhei8sai\n\0\b\n\0\b' | passwd
Changing password for muru.
(current) UNIX password: Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: No password supplied
Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: Authentication token manipulation error
passwd: password unchanged
$ pwgen 10 1
Uuxohv9moo
$ printf 'Pohhei8sai\nUuxohv\09moo\nUuxohv\09moo\n' | passwd
Changing password for muru.
(current) UNIX password: Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: Bad: new password is too simple
Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: Authentication token manipulation error
passwd: password unchanged
$ printf 'Pohhei8sai\nUuxohv9moo\nUuxohv9moo\n' | passwd
Changing password for muru.
(current) UNIX password: Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully
$ printf 'Uuxohv9moo\ntesting 1\ntesting 1' | passwd
Changing password for muru.
(current) UNIX password: Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully

From my reading of the source, the passwd command uses the (obsolete) getpass function, which behaves pretty much like read -s (and marks the end of the password string with \0). It does not restrict the characters usable, aside from some checking of reuse and complexity. \0 cannot be used, since it gets treated as the normal end-of-string marker in C strings, but pretty much anything else can, such as the bell:

$ printf 'testing 1\nUuxohv\a9moo\nUuxohv\a9moo\n' | passwd
Changing password for muru.
(current) UNIX password: Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully


How to boot Chromebook from SD card without entering developer mode?

I'm John Smith and last year I wondered much of the same. In truth the answer is no. You'd have to go into developer mode because unlike most Windows & Mac pc's Chromebooks has an entirely different boot loader. If you start up the pc you can see that instead of your regular company logo(whoever made the pc) it just goes directly to Chrome Os. So instead of giving you boot up options at start up you have to go to developer mode if you want to change anything to do with the boot up. Sorry. But the good news is that if yo memory is backed up and your facts and method is straight, depending on your steps in developer mode Chrome Os will always be hiding on your pc and if something goes wrong it's easy to get back into Chrome Os.


Is it possible to play DRM content in Ubuntu 20.10 Groovy Gorilla on Raspberry pi ARM64?

In case other user gets same issue, here is what I have finally found :
https://github.com/monkaBlyat/docker-chromium-armhf
And maybe in (hopefully a close) futur Widevine will be supports in Ubuntu ARM :
https://www.linuxuprising.com/2021/03/raspberry-pi-os-gets-official-widevine.html


libusb couldn't open USB device /dev/bus/usb/002/006: Permission denied. libusb requires write access to USB device nodes

SYSFS was deprecated in favor of ATTR/ATTRS. See hotplug/udev.git

Try with:

ATTRS{idVendor}=="0403", ATTRS{idProduct}=="6001", MODE="660", GROUP="ftdi-user"


What are the different Ubuntu Kernel git tags for?

In each Ubuntu Kernel Team git repository the Ubuntu-* tags represent the git commit which was used to build the official source package for any particular upload.  For instance in the ubuntu-precice git the tag Ubuntu-3.2.0-23.36 represents the 3.2.0-23.36 source upload.  Some tags have an additional -lts- component indicating they are the official LTS backport for the containing release, in the ubuntu-lucid git repository the tag Ubuntu-lts-3.0.0-18.31 represents the 3.0.0-18.31 oneiric LTS backport for lucid.

You can use the Launchpad versions page for the linux package to determine the current versions uploaded into each pocket of each release:

https://www.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux

All recent tags should be signed by the committer to prevent modification.  You should be safe to build any official tag and expect to get a substantially similar result to the uploaded binary packages for that release.


Questions Regarding Ubuntu Server 20.04 Setup

There is generally no advantage to using LVM on top of RAID...however, an exact answer depends upon your reason for using RAID.

Ubuntu Server is designed to be a general-purpose server that is easy to install and that you can bolt many different capabilities onto. It's not intended to be full-featured (bloated) out-of-the-box. Whether or not specific packages included with Ubuntu Server are necessary-or-bloat is a matter of opinion.

Ubuntu Server is designed to be a general-purpose server that has safe, sane default settings...including most "hardening" actions already baked in. Remember to keep up on basic maintenance: Occasionally check which applications are listening for connections, review your logs, etc.


Two 14.04.2 LTS installations, different kernel versions?

Short answer is run

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-utopic

on the first one.

But 3.13 will be supported till 14.04 EOL. For a server maybe it is better to keep it.

Or maybe it is time to run

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-vivid

on both to get 3.19.

14.04.3 will come with 3.19 in about a month and support of 3.16 will come to an end a bit later.


How to convert AC3 to Flac and apply a delay?

I would do it with SoX (Sound eXchange) and ffmpeg (or avconv instead of ffmpeg). SoX is "the Swiss Army knife of audio manipulation", an effects and audio manupilation & generation tool for the command line.

Install both:

sudo apt-get install sox ffmpeg

Convert your ac3 file to a wave file. Since SoX cannot read ac3 files directly, this step is unfortunately required:

ffmpeg -i sound.ac3 sound.wav

Use SoX with the pad switch to insert silence at the beginning:

sox sound.wav sound.flac pad 0.150

This inserts 150ms of silence at the beginning of the audio file.

Look at the SoX Manual for more infos.

You can also do this in a single line, without the need for creating an intermediate wav file, by using a pipe:

ffmpeg -i sound.ac3 -f wav - | sox - sound.flac pad 0.150


Laptop overheats with ubuntu 14.04 while stay cool with windows 7

I also have this problem with a fresh install on my laptop. What works for me is the following:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-331 nvidia-settings

Then run:

nvidia-settings

And under the PRIME Profiles tab on the left of the Nvidia settings window switch to your Intel GPU instead of Nvidia GPU.


How to zip files with a specific name from branch directory that are older than 57 days?

Your "find" command in point 1 is missing the action part :) (so it uses the default action of -print). Add an action to gzip the found files, like this:
find find /var/loop/hj/date -name "generic_log_*" -type f -mtime +57 -exec gzip {} \;
This will only gzip the files, without listing them. If you want to both list the files and gzip them, you can combine both actions like this:
find /find /var/loop/hj/date -name "generic_log_*" -type f -mtime +57 -print -exec gzip {} \;


networking restart fails (Failed to start Raise Network Interfaces), networking ignores static ip address

You have enp3s0 set to use dhcp AND static IP addresses.

Change your /etc/network/interfaces to this...

# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto enp3s0
iface enp3s0 inet static
        address 192.168.1.7
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        gateway 192.168.1.1
        dns-nameservers 75.75.75.75 75.75.76.76


Java not working in Google Chrome Lubuntu 14.04 (32-bit)

Chrome 35 no longer supports oracle java on linux...

http://guaranteedtofail.com/chrome-35-and-java/


Is there a workaround for the removal of "Copy Path" in pcmanfm-qt?

Using Thunar instead
You can install Thunar in Lubuntu 18.04 and 18.10, as suggested in another answer without having to switch desktop environments. sudo apt install thunar will pull in a few necessary dependencies but not the entire XFCE or Xubuntu desktop.
When you open a folder in Thunar and right-click on a file, you'll see an entry named "Copy":

Click on "Copy", open your destination file and paste: the exact path that you'd get with the gtk version of PCManFM is pasted in whether you've opened a text file or a terminal. You don't have to do anything else.
In short, if you paste into a document or terminal, the file's path is pasted. If you paste into another window of Thunar itself, the file is pasted (i.e., copied).
Use the gtk version of pcmanfm
Alternatively, just install the gtk version of pcmanfm which is still available in 18.10.


Rebooting boots to EFI shell, cold boot normal

This is just a hunch, but my suspicion is that you're running into problems with the USB drive not being detected by the firmware in time to be used as a boot device when you do a warm boot. You might be able to work around this problem by installing a boot manager (Ubuntu's GRUB 2, my rEFInd, or something else) to the internal disk. With any luck, launching the boot manager will give enough time for the USB drive to show up and it will work correctly thereafter. In the case of rEFInd, if Ubuntu doesn't show up, you can hit the Esc key and it should appear.


Does installing themes affect the battery life of laptop?

Installing themes does not affect the battery life of a laptop. An installed theme constitutes files on your laptop. A theme that is in use is defined by the appearance as described in these file. Whether you use a standard theme or a different theme does not make any difference in power consumption.


for HW acceleration you'd need to pass some video card that is "less virtual" to the guest.

I have once outlined the four contenders for pass-through options.
VFs won't help with GPUs and I'm not sure virtgl can do video acceleration (it couldn't in the past, but is the easiest to set up - maybe worth a try). So it seems you are down to mediated devices or GPU pci passthrough?

My link above has some info about the rather new mediated devices, if you choose to use GPU passthrough you'll find plenty of guides, the linked one is just the top result a search engine gave me and it seems ok (to me).


Do I need to reinstall everything to upgrade from 13.10 to 14.10?

You will remain with all software if you use this the method in this post. It works the same way for upgrading to 14.04 Final

http://itsfoss.com/upgrade-ubuntu-1404-beta-1310/

Using a live USB is a bit complicated and may wipe everything out if you make one mistake.


How do I install QGIS 2.8 on ubuntu 15.04?

I figured it out. First UbuntuGIS appears to only support LTS releases. I ended up not using or needing UbuntuGIS.

To install the newest version of QGIS I added the QGIS repositories to my /etc/apt/sources.list file:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

and inserted these lines:

deb http://qgis.org/debian vivid main
deb-src http://qgis.org/debian vivid main

Remember to add the GPG keys as follows:

gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 3FF5FFCAD71472C4
gpg --export --armor 3FF5FFCAD71472C4 | sudo apt-key add -

Then run:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install qgis python-qgis qgis-plugin-grass

This installed qgis 2.10.1


Is the "Google music manager beta" for Linux open source?

Just using common sense and 2 minutes of googling, you can infer the following:

Google doesn't even let you download the software before you've signed up. You have to go looking for it on filehosting services, or know about the direct link (here). If it were open source, everyone would be free to distribute it, and you would likely see many more mirrors just from googling 'Google Music deb'.
So I downloaded the files, both the Linux and Windows version, and tried to crack open whatever files I could, but I couldn't find any license files in plaintext. What I could find was a list of third-party software that Google had to declare they used. It's all Apache/MIT/BSD/LGPL-ed; no copylefted stuff. Coincidence? Hm ...
Google is already toeing the line with this project, as record labels never like the thought of blanket license agreements. Google knows well what a trouble Youtube is (have you ever tried accessing music videos from, say, Germany?), and there's a reason it's limited to the US for now. It's not because Google managers are nationalists, I can tell you that much. At any rate, this is a case where they might think that security by obscurity is a way to at least keep people from reverse-engineering and causing legal trouble.
(Edit: Afterthought) The libre-software enthusiast that I am, I have to concede that Google would gain very little by releasing the source in this case. In fact, the service may rely on some storage-and-search systems that they would rather keep to themselves, and that may matter more than the couple community contributions that may or may not come in.

But then I found this blog post by a guy who published the EULA. That should clear things up.


Try

firefox -P different_profile --no-remote

where different_profile differs from the running FF profile, so

optirun firefox -P different_profile --no-remote

For chromium switching simply the profiles should be enough:

optirun chromium-browser --user-data-dir=/path/to/another/profile/dir


There's several different ways to accomplish what you want.

Forward required ports from host to guest
Route networks
Bridge devices

Options 1 and 2 require ip-forwarding to be enabled on the host:

# run time:
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# permanent:
echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1' | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/30-virt-network

Easiest is 1 if you want to access specific service like http (port 80) on guest (you access guest port 80 with host ip-address+port), but you cannot run host services on that same port.

# on lxd host: (-i HOSTDEVICE to lan, usually enp3s0 or eth0)
sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i enp3s0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 10.0.3.181:80
# making this permanent is left to the reader (because that depends on your choice of fw setup)

Option 2 is more tricky and depends on how much you can modify your network.

Check that (sudo iptables -L -n) says that chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) or sudo iptables -I FORWARD -s 192.168.2.118  -j ACCEPT allow it specifically.
Now either on the network firewall route 10.0.3.0/24 to your 192.168.1.112 host or test with route on the 192.168.2.118.

sudo ip route add 10.0.3.181 via 192.168.1.112 dev wlp3s0

Third option would bring your lxd guests to your lan as part of the lan. See Instruction converting eth0 (enp3s0 in your case) to bridge how to do it. In short:

Create bridge device on host
Add eth0 or enp3s0 to that bridge
Set host address to bridge (not enp3s0)
Bind lxd guest devices to that bridge

stop network-manager
brctl addbr br0
brctl addif br0 enp3s0
ifconfig enp3s0 up
ifconfig br0 up
dhclient br0
lxc profile edit default
  - change lxcbr0 to br0


Whether ubuntu touch run on any device that running android previously?

No, it is not true. According to Ubuntu, only a few devices are supported. These devices are officially supported and still get updates from Ubuntu. Development editions? Some tablets. Including mine (TF300T) Still, it's a mix of unofficial and official. The rest of the devices are completely unsupported. Seriously. Devices like the TF101T (the tablet i had before TF300T) are not supported. Yet.


I have a C270 web cam I had the same problem. When I installed Wine and launched the Wine Configuration → Audio tab → Voice Input Device → (in the drop down arrow showed USB device), selected it and applied. Tested using Skype and test never missed a beat since.


It seems that there are drivers that can be built and installed to fix this problem.

See https://medium.com/@elmaxx/rtl8821ae-wifi-drivers-in-ubuntu-16-04-4c1286524afa

The essence of the solution is:

lspci | grep Wireless

The system replies with the following line

03:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8821AE 802.11ac PCIe Wireless Network Adapter

Then do:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential git
git clone http://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git
cd rtlwifi_new
make
sudo make install

These commands build and install the drivers for
rtl8192ce, rtl8192se, rtl8192de, rtl8188ee, rtl8192ee, rtl8723ae, rtl8723be, and rtl8821ae, all in one go.
Just in case the system doesn’t load the appropriate kernel module, you can execute the following command from within your rtlwifi_new directory

sudo modprobe rtl8821ae

and reboot your system.

Note: I copied the above from the original article.


Using apt-get or GUI tools to install the grub-efi package should cause the package system to replace grub-pc (the BIOS/legacy GRUB) with the EFI-mode GRUB. Beyond that, it's not clear to me what you mean by several comments in your question:

"When i install it i dont get any errors" (what do you mean by "it"? The grub-efi package?)
"It still wont boot though" (what won't boot, GRUB, Linux, OS X, or something else? What sort of error conditions do you get -- a blank screen, an error message, a boot logo that never disappears, etc.?)
"The boot file may be the problem" (to what "boot file" are you referring?)

Stepping back a bit, the most popular dual-boot configuration for Ubuntu and OS X uses rEFIt as a boot manager to select which OS to boot along with the BIOS version of GRUB to launch Linux. Substituting the EFI version of GRUB is desirable, IMHO. Even better, at least with 3.3.0 and later kernels (included in Ubuntu 12.10), is to use the kernel's own EFI stub loader. This can be facilitated by use of rEFInd as a boot manager. rEFInd is a fork of rEFIt (which hasn't been updated in over two years); rEFInd fixes bugs and adds new features, particularly related to booting Linux. The rEFInd Web page includes detailed documentation on using it to boot Linux. You can use it much like rEFIt (to chainload either the BIOS-mode or EFI-mode GRUB) or you can use it to launch a Linux kernel with EFI stub loader support, thus bypassing GRUB.


Can't see new Unity Spread since upgrade to 12.10

Unfortunately the image you link to isn't the new spread, it's a mockup of what the new spread would look like. The spread in 12.10 is the same as it's always been.

No new spread (yet).


What's the difference between .bashrc and /etc/bash.bashrc?

When bash initializes a non-login interactive bash shell on a Debian/Ubuntu-like system, the shell first reads /etc/bash.bashrc and then reads ~/.bashrc.
The reason that /etc/bash.bashrc does not appear in normal bash documentation (such as here or here) is that it is a feature added by Debian and adopted by Ubuntu.  As Debian explains it (readme.debian):

What is /etc/bash.bashrc? It doesn't seem to be documented.

The Debian version of bash is compiled with a special option
(-DSYS_BASHRC) that makes bash read /etc/bash.bashrc before ~/.bashrc
for interactive non-login shells. So, on Debian systems,
/etc/bash.bashrc is to ~/.bashrc as /etc/profile is to
~/.bash_profile.

Thus, /etc/bash.bashrc is documented in the Debian and Ubuntu man pages but not in man pages from other distributions that do not support this feature.
Update: More distributions
/etc/bash.bashrc has been adopted beyond Debian circles as comments indicate its usage in distros like Arch Linux, MSYS2 and thereby Git Bash.


The simplest thing would probably be to match the preceding page_ string

Ex:

$ rename -n 's/page_(\d+)/sprintf "page_%04d", $1/e' *.pdf
rename(AAA 2000-01-03 bbb 2001-03-04 page_1.pdf, AAA 2000-01-03 bbb 2001-03-04 page_0001.pdf)

(remove the -n when you are happy that it is doing the right thing).

If you really need to match the "last number", you could use positive lookahead to anchor the match to the end of the string $ with a possibly empty sequence of non-digits between:

$ rename -n 's/(\d+)(?=\D*$)/sprintf "%04d", $1/e' *.pdf
rename(AAA 2000-01-03 bbb 2001-03-04 page_1.pdf, AAA 2000-01-03 bbb 2001-03-04 page_0001.pdf)


Ubuntu Gnome 14.04 Instal Nvidia drivers

I've installed Ubuntu Gnome too and I had the same issue: logo screen freezing after installing propietary drivers. The only solution that worked to me was install nvidia 331-updates and install/switch to lightdm as default display manager.

I've followed this: Ubuntu 14.04 nvidia-prime "is it supported? no"

And when gnome freezes after reboot:

sudo apt-get install lightdm

If you're not answered to choose between gdm and lightdm then:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

and choose lightdm as default display manager.


How to regenerate grub menu entries on Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty after deleting all kernels?

You can manually boot with a separate /boot.

Separate /boot on sda1, / on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root:

set prefix=(hd0,1)/grub
insmod linux
set root=/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root
linux (hd0,1)/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-74-generic root=/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root
initrd (hd0,1)/boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-74-generic
boot

Not sure why BobaJob's instructions were down voted. If you can boot and fstab still has separate /boot that would reinstall grub to MBR. And a sudo update-grub regenerates menu.
Or use dpkg to reinstall grub.
If from live installer you can also use Boot-Repair.


Ubuntu Install Partitions - automatic is not working

Which VM do you use? If I recall correctly you usually give the OS some kind of virtual partition when you insall it on a VM (VirtualBox usually asks for it before the installation). Probably your Ubuntu partition is too small to install the OS. I assume you have enough space on your hard drive to install it?


Mounting Other partitions like windows does


Difference between grep -R (uppercase) and -r (lowercase)

According to manpage of grep:

  -r, --recursive
                            Read all files  under  each  directory,  recursively,  following
                symbolic  links only if they are on the command line.  Note that
                if  no  file  operand  is  given,  grep  searches  the   working
                directory.  This is equivalent to the -d recurse option.

  -R, --dereference-recursive
                           Read  all  files  under each directory, recursively.  Follow all
                symbolic links, unlike -r.

Example:

I have a folder test in which there is a file 1.txt. 2.txt is a symbolic link to 1.txt such that output of ls -l test looks like:

-rw-r--r-- 1 kulfy kulfy 15 Jun 12 21:53 1.txt
lrwxrwxrwx 1 kulfy kulfy  5 Jun 12 21:53 2.txt -> 1.txt

The content of 1.txt is:

This is a file.

If I want to search for "file" string in files inside test folder and I run:

grep "file" test

I'll encounter an error:

grep: test: Is a directory

But if I do:

grep -R "file" test

I get an output:

test/2.txt:This is a file
test/1.txt:This is a file

On the other hand if I run:

grep -r "file" test

I get output:

test/1.txt:This is a file

Here, I haven't explicitly mentioned to scan all the files. So, when I used R flag, symbolic link (here 2.txt) was respected and output was generated. But when I used r flag, symbolic link was ignored simply because I didn't mention to scan 2.txt also.


How can I increase the maximum number of simultaneous users to log in to a server?

I think what you're looking for is in the man sshd_config, the MaxSessions and MaxStartups fields

http://www.manpagez.com/man/5/sshd_config/


How to install previous plasma on Kubuntu 15.04?

the reply to the bug report linked by @user26687 says it's not possible. Wish it was.

The suggested workaround is to use the long term supported 14.04. Bäh.

A better workaround, which I found in the comments here is to install the gnome desktop until the bugs in kde5 are worked out:
apt-get install gdm


Is there any plugin available to highlight the matched search text in Terminator?

What you want isn't yet a built-in feature but is slated for a future release.

From here

  It is possible to search the buffer, although at this time there is a limitation that the found string is not highlighted.

and

  At this time there is no highlighting of the search string. This is a historical limitation due to the manner in which the implmentation was originally done, way back when. I intend to remove the old code, replacing with the built-in libvte search function in the 2.1 release. This will then highlight searched text.

Neither this page nor this page point to the 2.1 release.

And according to this page, there doesn't seem to be a plugin to provide the feature.

You could maybe consider using something else such as gnome-terminal if this feature is important to you.


tftpd on xinetd, not able to serve files Error `tftpd: unknown option -?`

Basically, for some reason I couldn't make work the tftpd included on the repositories "bunbled" with xinetd.
I've found my way though with opentftpd which a brief tutorial can be explaint on this tutorial. Thisone runs outside xinetd, and it does work
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5yOBr3uoGs
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/proj...

tar xvf opentftpspV1.66.tar.gz
cd opentftp/
g++ opentftpd.cpp -oopentftpd -lpthread
mkdir /home/pi/files
chmod  777 /home/pi/files/
sudo bash
cp opentftpd /usr/bin/
vi /etc/opentftp.ini

## File contents ##
[LISTEN-ON]

[HOME]
/home/pi/files

[TFTP-OPTIONS]
username=pi
ThreadPoolSize=10
Read=Y
Write=Y
Overwrite=Y
##################

/usr/bin/opentftpd -i /etc/opentftp.ini


GDM2 not respecting my conf setting, default blank theme. Lucid OpenBox no gnome-settings-daemon

No answer...
I removed GDM2 and installed SLIM.  I would use LightDM for anything newer than lucid.  Although SLIM works great for lucid, and is in repository.  No PPA Builds availble for armel LightDM, and It's frustrating to build on a smartphone like netbook.


No internet access, lubuntu 17.04, eeepc 1001pxd

You can solve this temporarily by adding some needed IPs to your /etc/hosts file, for example:

sudo su
echo "security.ubuntu.com 91.189.91.23">>/etc/hosts
echo "us.archive.ubuntu.com 91.189.91.23">>/etc/hosts
echo "de.archive.ubuntu.com 141.76.1.200">>/etc/hosts
echo "google.com 172.217.22.206">>/etc/hosts
echo "google.de 172.217.22.195">>/etc/hosts

Then you can use your browser and apt without a working DNS to fix the issue:

export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade

(use export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive for this upgrade, otherwise you can run into problems on the console)

After a reboot DNS will start working correctly.

Additional info: At first I did this:

sudo systemctl disable systemd-resolved.service

as suggested here and rebooted, but that didn't help, but it could be needed for my solution to work.


20.04 LTS Changing OSK ( OnScreen Keyboard ) colours

It is possible by editing the css file for gnome-shell theme being used..
need to edit the portion /* On-screen Keyboard */ from the css file..
for example I have edited some portion to make cyan background and bold black text..
Configuration 1
.keyboard-key {
  color: cyan;
  background-color: black;
  border-color: #cdc7c2;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  text-shadow: 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  icon-shadow: 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  font-size: 16pt;
  font-weight: bold;
  min-height: 1.2em;
  min-width: 1.2em;
  border-width: 1px;
  border-style: solid;
  border-radius: 8px; }

Configuration 2
.keyboard-key {
  color: #2e3436;
  background-color: cyan;
  border-color: #cdc7c2;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  text-shadow: 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  icon-shadow: 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  font-size: 16pt;
  font-weight: bold;
  min-height: 1.2em;
  min-width: 1.2em;
  border-width: 1px;
  border-style: solid;
  border-radius: 8px; }

Similar way you can achieve other keys background color also under the section /* On-screen Keyboard */


When you installed apache2, mod_ssl should be available at /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_ssl.so. Simply run a2enmod ssl and then service apache2 restart to enable it.


Installed Ubuntu 12.10 with Windows 8 and now Windows can't read the disk on which the Ubuntu Partition is on

I did some Googling, and here's what I found:

Ext2Fsd
Ext2Fsd is a Windows file system driver for the Ext2, Ext3, and Ext4 file systems. It allows Windows to read Linux file systems natively, providing access to the file system via a drive letter that any program can access.

You can have Ext2Fsd launch at every boot or only open it when you need it. While you can theoretically enable support for writing to Linux partitions, I haven’t tested this. I’d be worried about this option, myself – a lot can go wrong. Read-only support is fine, though, and doesn’t have a risk of messing anything up.

The Ext2 Volume Manager application allows you to define mount points for your Linux partitions and change Ext2Fsd’s settings.

If you didn’t set Ext2Fsd to autostart at boot, you’ll have to go into Tools –> Service Management and start the Ext2Fsd service before you can access your Linux files. By default, the driver automatically mounts and assigns drive letters to your Linux partitions, so you don’t have to do anything extra.

You’ll find your Linux partitions mounted at their own drive letters in Windows Explorer. You can access the files on them from any application, without the hassle of copying files to your Windows partition before accessing them.

This partition’s file system as actually EXT4, but Ext2Fsd can read it fine, anyway. If you’re looking for your personal files, you’ll find them in your /home/NAME directory.

DiskInternals Linux Reader
Linux Reader is a freeware application from DiskInternals, developers of data recovery software. In addition to the Ext file systems, Linux Reader also supports ReiserFS and Apple’s HFS and HFS+ file systems. It’s read-only, so it can’t damage your Linux file system.

Linux Reader doesn’t provide access via a drive letter – it’s a separate application you launch to browse your Linux partitions.

Linux Reader shows previews of your files, making it easy to find the right one.

If you want to work with a file in Windows, you’ll have to save the file from your Linux partition to your Windows file system with the Save option. You can also save entire directories of files.

Ext2explore
Ext2explore is an open-source application that works similarly to DiskInternals Linux Reader — but only for Ext4, Ext3, and Ext2 partitions. It also lacks file previews, but it has one advantage: it doesn’t have to be installed; you can just download the .exe and run it.

The Ext2explore.exe program must be run as administrator or you’ll get an error – you can do this from the right-click menu.

To save some time in the future, go into the file’s properties window and enable the “Run this program as an administrator” option on the Compatibility tab.

As with Linux Reader, you’ll have to save a file or directory to your Windows system before you can open it in other programs.

All credit for unearthing these programs goes to How-To Geek.


Is there a way to install programs to one folder for general use by multiple installed distros?

If you install your programs "manually" (compiling them from source code, or downloading their binary distribution) simply leave them on a separate hard drive or partition as you do in windows, mount this partition to some specific path in your system (for example I usually have some subfolders in /mnt to mount external partitions) and add it to your PATH environment variable.


Need help in installing 'Development Tools' using 'yum'

You do not need to download CentOS development tools or yum. If you look at the guide you'll need cvs and ccmake.

To download those, use apt-get. See below:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install cvs cmake-curses-gui

I found both cvs and ccmake applications by searching the cache for the repositories:

sudo apt-get update gets the latest version of the applications in the repositories. No need to do this if you've already installed the applications with the command I provided above.
apt-cache search <package name> to search for a specific application that are available in the repositories you have in your repository list.

See more with man apt-cache and man apt-get.


How to get youtube webapp to play videos?

This is Bug. You should use firefox or chrome.

Flash not supported on webapps


How do I prevent mouse movement from waking up a suspended computer?

I haven't checked the BIOS yet, but I've found a solution!

Short summary: In /proc/acpi/wakeup, you can see which devices are currently enabled to resume from suspend. That list shows names (abbreviated) of so called "Devices". Example "PWRB" means "power button".

If you write device-names to that file, you toggle them between enabled/disabled.

I wrote a small HowTo for disabling wakeup-by-mouse, based on a blog where I found that info.


Colemak not available as keyboard layout option on fresh 18.04 LTS install

Yes, it's available in Settings -> Region & Language. Click the + button, select English (United States), and pick it from the sub menu.

If you are on a single user system, the input sources you add through the GUI should automatically (at next reboot) be made available also on the login screen.


100% CPU usage and overheating issue when Wi-Fi is on in Ubuntu 18.04

In my case it is solved by stopping the cups-browsed, detailed steps are given below:

Install nethogs:

sudo apt-get install nethogs

followed by

sudo nethogs wlan0

It was showing that some process is running through the Wi-Fi, called /usr/sbin/cups-browsed, which is basically searching the wireless printers and devices.
For that we have to stop cups-browsed as follows

sudo systemctl stop cups-browsed
sudo systemctl disable cups-browsed

Output will look like:

Synchronizing state of cups-browsed.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install disable cups-browsed

You may still start/stop the service manually if you wish, as given in the link How do I disable automatic remote printer installation?:

sudo systemctl start cups-browsed
sudo systemctl stop cups-browsed


Wi-fi disconnect every 5 minutes (16.04)

Solved. This is definitely a problem with the kernel or OS, after upgrading Ubuntu to 17.04 there is now no drops in connectivity and only very rare 5 second delays to loading websites. Make sure you install the new Realtek drivers:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential git
git clone http://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git
cd rtlwifi_new
make
sudo make install

I then recommend rebooting.
After rebooting run:

sudo modprobe -r rtl8821ae
sudo modprobe rtl8821ae

If you have a different network adapter replace rtl8821ae with your adapter. I'm happy to answer any questions if anyone's having difficulty.


Use below commands:
sudo n list => show the list of installed versions sudo n stable => install latest stable version.
sudo n stable => install latest stable version
or sudo n (ex: sudo n 12.18.3) to install the specific version of nodejs
Additionally, you can also use nvm (especially in case of windows os, because above commands works on linux) to install or switch between node versions.


Best Albert alternative for global search

It seems that Albert is still maintained, a new version was released recently: https://github.com/albertlauncher/albert/


You have to escape the & sign. Try that:

:s /é /\&eacute; /gc

Notice, I don't know if it is desired, but your substitution only replaces é if it is followed by a space. To replace all é's, use that command (without the spaces):

:s /é/\&eacute;/gc


why do i get titles of OO document in Gibberish

This is a Unicode problem, can you check the document settings and OO prefs and make sure they are set to the correct UTF-? setting for your language? Try comparing with a known good document.


Disabling other hard drives including one containing Windows 10 before installing Ubuntu 21.04 on another drive

Q1 — Can I access separate OS using my BIOS "select boot device"
Yes, you can certainly do this if you would prefer. In the event you do choose this route, do yourself a favour and disconnect the three other drives beforehand to ensure a more complete isolation of the boot loader.
Q2 — If I [later] format my Ubuntu SSD, is it safe to assume that nothing linux/ubuntu/grub/bootloader will be left behind [my] computer?
Given that Windows really doesn’t like file systems that aren’t NTFS or FAT-based, you would be deleting the partitions and formatting them as something other than a Linux type so, yes, everything Linux-related would be eliminated.
Note that there is no guarantees of “complete isolation” if you’re using Ubuntu (or any other Linux distribution) to modify files, partitions, or metadata on any of the other three partitions. You will need to be conscious of the commands you give the computer if you truly seek isolation.
Alternatively, set Ubuntu up in a virtual machine and save yourself the complexities that arise with a multi-boot system.


Configuring irssi to indent a specified amount when wrapping a message

If you do not yet have a file named ~/.irssi/default.theme, do

cp /usr/share/irssi/themes/default.theme ~/.irssi/

You might have to set this as your theme by doing the following in irssi:

/set theme default

But I didn't, default.theme is already set as my theme, probably because I have made changes to it with other commands.  If you already know which theme you are using, is it instead of default.theme below.

Now open the file ~/.irssi/default.theme in your favorite text editor, and change this line:

msgnick = "%K<%n$0$1-%K>%n %|";

to look like this:

msgnick = "%K<%n$0$1-%K>%n ";

If you are using some other theme, your msgnick might be different.  The important part is the %|, as is ( kind of ) explained at this link:  http://www.irssi.org/documentation/startup

Now start irssi and type:

/set indent=10

replacing 10 with whatever amount of indentation you want.

Don't forget to save:

/save


you could run it in a chroot environment..but odds are chroot would 1 require a fair amount of work, and 2. more importantly would require root access.  (in which case sudo ln -s /mnt/cdrom /home/me/stuff would be much easier. ).

I would suggest just having a VM you can boot/play.  VMware Player can play a VM you setup somewhere else...and you probably can run VMware player or Virtualbox from your $HOME w/o installing it.  With some work.


Why does "tasksel" give an "aptitude failed" error?

This is a long outstanding bug.

Do

sudo apt-get update

then

sudo tasksel install lamp-server

Oh and if this ever happens when you (re)install MySQL itself make sure to remove /var/lib/mysql.

edit: Found it on Launchpad from a report in 2007.

Nowadays you can also do

sudo apt-get install lamp-server^

The ^ is the equivalent of task select.


Install Ubuntu 19.10 with encrypted swap/home partitions, specifying manually the swap partition

LVM with LUKS encryption

The method with encrypted home and swap is deprecated (after problems to keep things secret with that method). I suggest that you use the method that is now the only encryption method in Ubuntu's installer, LVM with LUKS encryption.

In the installer, at the partitioning window 'Installation type', select Erase disk and install Ubuntu
Encrypt the new Ubuntu installation for security

Write the changes to the target drive

Continue with the installation

The partition structure seen from the live system after installation shows that there is LVM with LUKS encryption.

After reboot you must enter the passphrase, that should be long, difficult to guess but easy for you to remember.

There is no back-door, so it is important to have a good backup routine.
This is the partition structure seen from the installed system,

Swap file /swapfile

Add a swap file if you need more swap. This swap file should be in the root directory

tester@tester-Lenovo-V130-14IKB:~$ sudo fallocate -l 8G /swapfile

tester@tester-Lenovo-V130-14IKB:~$ sudo mkswap /swapfile
mkswap: /swapfile: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
setting up swapspace version 1, size = 8 GiB (8589930496 bytes)
no label, UUID=d34cc88f-0b25-4366-9f61-e477c87f5581

tester@tester-Lenovo-V130-14IKB:~$ sudo chmod 0600 /swapfile

tester@tester-Lenovo-V130-14IKB:~$ sudo nano /etc/fstab

I suggest that you add the following line to /etc/fstab

/swapfile                   none            swap    sw              0       0

Then you can swap it on

tester@tester-Lenovo-V130-14IKB:~$ sudo swapon -a

and check the result

tester@tester-Lenovo-V130-14IKB:~$ swapon
NAME      TYPE      SIZE USED PRIO
/dev/dm-2 partition 976M   0B   -2
/swapfile file        8G   0B   -3

/swapfile will work after reboot because it is in /etc/fstab (and with higher priority)

/swapfile file        8G   0B   -2
/dev/dm-2 partition 976M   0B   -3

This should be enough for hibernation with 8 GiB RAM and for running rather big tasks, that need heavy swapping.


Where to get the latest GCC (GNU C Compiler)

You can get the latest source code form the SVN repository. You can browse the SVN history online to see the latest commits.

The sites that provide snapshots simply build the binaries from SVN trunk at regular intervals, usually a few times a day. To always have the latest available version you would have to compile from SVN after every single commit, which is even more often.

Unless you want to contribute to GCC however, it is not recommended to use the development version and you should use the latest stable release.


Passwords allows the following:

Lowercase Alphabetical (a, b, c, etc.)
Uppercase Alphabetical (A, B, C, etc.)
Numerics (0, 1, 2, etc.)
Special Characters (@, %, !, etc.)

for more details have a look https://help.ubuntu.com/community/StrongPasswords


When I run ls on my usb drive, every file is in the green text of executable files. Why is this?

I think it's because your USB drive has a file system that does not store executable bit permissions, and is being mounted so that all files show up as executable.

A mount option like showexec for fat filesystems is supposed to do this: If  set,  the  execute permission bits of the file will be allowed only if the
              extension part of the name is .EXE, .COM, or .BAT. Not set by default.

You can check how your drive is mounted with the mount command, and man mount has lots of info on the different options.


Moved files to trash when booted with Linux CD, can I recover them?

You will need to use a recovery tool suited to the file system type your HDD uses (Fat, NTFS, ext4, ...).

If you are still in the live-session, search the package manager for scrounge-ntfs if you are using ntfs for your partition. You can install by opening the terminal and typing

sudo apt-get install scrounge-ntfs

It's synopsis says

  Scrounge NTFS is a data recovery program for NTFS filesystems. It reads each
  block of the hard disk and try to rebuild the original filesystem tree into
  a directory.

  This package is useful in forensics investigations.

There are other options. I use synaptic to search the package manager for relevant software:

sudo apt-get install synaptic

Other options would include extundelete for ext4 partitions

sudo apt-get install man extundelete

Search synaptic to find a suitable tool.


What is preventing Ubuntu 16.04 to set the time correctly

I'm a bit unsure what the problem was but I solved it by:

Assuring ntp service doesn't start at boot (chmodding -x to /usr/sbin/ntpd)
Logging in via keyboard at the server as opposed to ssh from another client.
Resetting timezone and turning on "network time" in GUI
Rebooting
Assuring ntp service is started at boot
Rebooting again

A few comments:
In syslog it seemed that some systemd service was resetting the time after I tried to set time correctly. The process id:s revealed that my login via ssh was responsible for one of those processes and lightdm for the other one. Therefore I logged in via keyboard at the server itself to have only one systemd time service running.

Also, systemctl status systemd-timesyncd.service reported:

● systemd-timesyncd.service - Network Time Synchronization
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/systemd-timesyncd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
  Drop-In: /lib/systemd/system/systemd-timesyncd.service.d
           └─disable-with-time-daemon.conf
   Active: inactive (dead)
Condition: start condition failed at Sun 2017-09-17 16:09:41 CEST; 4min 35s ago
           ConditionFileIsExecutable=!/usr/sbin/ntpd was not met

Hence the chmodding of /usr/sbin/ntpd


Can't load Windows 10 on fast boot setting

Try holding down the F2 Key while powering on, this should take you to your bios where you can disable the fast boot and allow you to boot from your live usb. If F2 does not work why not try all the F keys one at a time to find your system default haha but in most cases it is F2

Hope this was helpful.


Configure Terminal such that it Automatically Leaves a New line after Executing a Command

To alter how bash works you need to edit the hidden file ~/.bashrc

gedit ~/.bashrc

First find the section that look like this:

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\$
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '

and change it slightly to look like this (or cut and paste this in replacing the existing section).

###Changed prompt to print a \n 'new line' before user@machine###
if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\n\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\$
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\n\u@\h:\w\$ '

The difference is subtle - just added an escaped newline '\n' before the user@machine prompt.  Save the file and exit the terminal window.  Changes will take effect next time you open a terminal window or log in to a console.

The reason you have to change both of the lines is that the first one is for the colour prompt, while the second one is for the default monochrome prompt.  Actually, before you add in the new line, try the colour prompt first.  It does help to delineate the prompt/command/result each time.  You might like it.  All you have to do is find the slightly earlier line that looks like

#force_color_prompt=yes

and uncomment it by removing the hash:

force_color_prompt=yes


How to download packages from private repository with puppet?

Looks like it was because my repository wasn't authenticated. I got around this by adding allowing apt to download from unauthenticated repositories, and did this by creating the following file using puppet:

  file { "/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99auth":
    owner     => root,
    group     => root,
    content   => "APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated yes;",
    mode      => 644;
  }


Is there a Spiceworks replacement or similar for Ubuntu?

Console-based: nmap. GUI: Umit Network Scanner, for example.

There are some more alternatives available, rather targeting the enterprise level.


No dash, side bar after deleting hicolor theme!

Try Hitting the Superkey (windows key) and search Appearance make sure that your "launcher Icon Size" is 48 then go to Behaviourand make sure "Auto Hide" is turned off.


passphrase in thunderbird with enigmail 1.6

Ensure that you switch on the remember this password checkbox in the
password dialog.
After entering the password check the password below
"Settings/Security/Password".
Check also signon.rememberSignons in about:config page (or in the file prefs.js in thunderfird config directory).

See also this pages for some more ideas: Password not remembered - Thunderbird


Unity input language switch keys not working

It worked when I switched my display manager from lightdm to gdm (using sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm). But now I am facing another problem in Unity: I cannot switch to another user.


dpkg-query is not displaying all files installed from package

So what is the problem?

Back to Installation

$ sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib

will give you a prompt

The following NEW packages will be installed:
  postgresql postgresql-9.1 postgresql-client-9.1 postgresql-client-common
  postgresql-common postgresql-contrib postgresql-contrib-9.1

So you have to know not all of your specified files is just related to postgresql instead you should search for all of those packages

dpkg-query -L postgresql postgresql-9.1 postgresql-client-9.1 postgresql-client-common postgresql-common postgresql-contrib postgresql-contrib-9.1

So now you can find all of your files.

To prove what I'm saying

 $ dpkg -S /usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin/psql

postgresql-client-9.1: /usr/share/postgresql/9.1/man/man1/psql.1.gz
postgresql-client-common: /usr/bin/psql
postgresql-client-9.1: /usr/share/postgresql/9.1/psqlrc.sample
postgresql-client-9.1: /usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin/psql

This is a sample of a files in /usr/lib/postgresql/* and it proves it is not in the postgresql package, so you have what package to search for

Thanks to @steeldriver comment:

  In addition, there may be files that are not part of any package's
  contents, but are instead created on-the-fly by a post-install
  (postinst) script - and removed by the corresponding postrm script
  upon package removal.


Use find to find executable files and apply chmod on them.

To list files executable by the owner:

find . -type f -perm /u+x

To apply chmod on them:

find . -type f -perm /u+x -exec chmod g+x {} +


Pressing all three hardware buttons (volume up, volume down, lock) at the same time, for about 20 seconds, forces Ubuntu phone to reboot.


After reviewing a combination of random guides and tutorials on the net, I was able to successfully add a disk to my Ubuntu Server 14.04 machine, and essentially set it up so I have multiple hard drives appearing as one single drive. To do this, I used LVM.

To help anyone else who might want to do this at some point, I will post here what I did.

These steps assume that you are essentially starting from scratch except having already installed Ubuntu on your machine (via "Guided - use the entire disk and setup LVM"), and physically added the additional disk. These steps may work if you have existing data on the machine but I can't say for sure if it would be safe to do this.

These commands assume the following information, and will vary depending on your setup:

Your new disk is 'sdb'

This can be found by running ls /dev/sd*

That your volume group name is 'ubuntu-vg'

This can be found by running vgdisplay

That your logical volume path is '/dev/ubuntu-vg/root'

This can be found by running lvdisplay

Your new disk is 20GB

Hopefully you know how big the disk is.

Install Logical Volume Manager (you may or may not need to do this).

sudo apt-get install system-config-lvm

Convert your new disk to a physical volume (in this case, the new disk is 'sdb').

sudo pvcreate /dev/sdb

Add the physical volume to the volume group via 'vgextend'.

sudo vgextend ubuntu-vg /dev/sdb

Allocate the physical volume to a logical volume (extend the volume size by your new disk size).

sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/root

Resize the file system on the logical volume so it uses the additional space.

sudo resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/root

That should do it. Five simple steps! You also don't have to reboot. Just run df -h and your new disk space should show allocated correctly, as well as any webapps you may be running will pick up the new disk space amount.


This method gets the source code from the master branch, thus always installing the latest version

  If you have earlier downloaded the pack make sure it is from below mentioned site.

Get the TransPack installer from here(git-hub repo).
Unpack the package and open a terminal in extracted folder. Add execution rights with chmod +x install.sh
In same terminal, type ./install.sh
Choose which variant to install and wait till the process finishes. YOU MAY need to restart your system after the install
If the installation fails, open an issue, clearly explaining the error and including the log file if possible

To uninstall the package

Open a terminal and navigate to where uninstall.sh is
Add execution rights with chmod +x uninstall.sh
Run ./uninstall.sh


Kubuntu 15.04 HDMI to LCD works, HDTV does not

Solved this by installing Gnome.

apt-get install gnome

Kubuntu 15.04 comes with Plasma desktop which was failing just after logging in.

As stated above, the error simply said "Plasma has stopped". Trying to use the debug option yielded no useful information.


packhard bell dot s netbook ubuntu 12.10

Same netbook here. Cannot start into X windows. Blank screen and computer freezes.

I have tried Ubuntu, slackware 14, puppy 5.4.2 , crunchbang

It works only with kernel 2.6.

The problem I think it is intel 3600 graphics.


Thinkpad Extra Buttons above touchpad enable left middle right

A potential solution is suggested here: http://vimtips.org/2015/02/20/ubuntu-1410-and-lenovo-thinkpad-x250/


Ubuntu 20.04 second screen recognize with wrong size

Physical screen size is actually irrelevant to your display manager.
The only thing that matters is screen resolution.
You did not tell us the native screen resolution for each of your displays, but with modern panel displays, you should use only the native screen resolution.
Using anything other than the display's native screen resolution will result in everything looking "fuzzy" like your second picture.
Determine the native screen resolution for each of your displays and set the screen resolution accordingly.


GRUB bootloader is not loading at startup

Is GRUB installed to boot-sector of Linux partition (sda5, for example), or to MBR (first sector of physical drive = sda)?

In the first case, GRUB never gets control from MBR.

It seems that EasyBCD is what you need.

Take look to the official Ubuntu documentation, if you want to get more knowledge about that:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsDualBoot#Master_Boot_Record_and_Boot_Manager


This can simply be solved by going to AUDIO CODEC tab in VLC and mark tick over the KEEP ORIGINAL AUDIO TRACK followed by your other vlc settings steps.


Methinks I've inadvertently discovered a solution myself - merely by maintaining a LibreOffice document (.odt) as the master and exporting (save as) in Windows Word format as and when the occasion demands. Thans for the pointer @user6186 - point taken.


LightDM Backgroud is a simple purple radiant

It's possible the picture file you're trying to use does not have the proper permissions to be viewed by others. Since you are logging on in LightDM and not yet known, the system can not display files which are limited access.

To make a file accessible for the LightDM screen, right-click on the file in Nautilus and select Properties, then Permissions and make sure "Access" is not set to "None" for "Group" or "Others".

Also note that the LightDM background defaults to the background of whatever user is highlighted in the log in space.


You're looking for tools like

wget -q -O - 'http://askubuntu.com/questions/204007/trying-to-extract-field-from-html-page'

curl -s 'http://askubuntu.com/questions/204007/trying-to-extract-field-from-html-page'

lynx -dump 'http://askubuntu.com/questions/204007/trying-to-extract-field-from-html-page'

And then you can extract what you want with the usual, sed, awk ..

It'd have helped if you said what page and what to extract.


Problems with partitions installing net verison Ubuntu alongside Win 7 Home Prem

Ordinarily, each filesystem partition that you want to access in Linux has a unique mount point; you can't simultaneously mount two partitions at root (/). Furthermore, you can't use an NTFS volume as your Linux root (/) filesystem. If you want to access your Windows partition from Linux, you must give it some other mount point, such as /mnt/windows. Because Windows contains no special system files from Linux's perspective, there's no need to give it any privileged mount point.


Stopping

cd /etc/init.d
sudo update-rc.d -f stop-bootchart remove
sudo update-rc.d -f bootchart remove

Re-starting

cd /etc/init.d
sudo update-rc.d stop-bootchart start 99 2 3 4 5

or:

echo manual | sudo tee -a /etc/init/bootchart.override

makes it manual.

$ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 14.04 LTS"
sudo update-rc.d -f bootchart remove
Removing any system startup links for /etc/init.d/bootchart ...