Ubuntu 16.04 falling back to shell (ash)

The "update gone wrong" remark rang a bell. A previous kernel update didn't take due to not enough space. (But, didn't lock me out of my computer!)

I used How can I boot with an older kernel version? to get booted.

Then, I followed the accepted answer at Not enough free disk space when upgrading.

After finishing updates through Ubuntu Software, all is well!


So most of the packages you'll get using apt will be from the official distributor/creator, excluding a package from a ppa (personal package archive). Here is some info about apt. As @guiverc commented you can use apt-cache policy <package> to check where a package has come from, but also the version you have and the version you can update the package to using apt. If you want to make sure you're installing the latest version possible it's recommended to get the application from the provider's website. There's a vetting process for distributors to push their updates to the official apt repositories.


Regarding the USB Installer issue. What is the overall capacity of the USB stick that you're trying to use? I ask this because I've been fiddling with this issue for the past three or four hours trying different things. And finally I think I've come up with something.

Then I started thinking about the File Systems and how it's logic works when determining the difference between a USB Flash Drive and a USB Hard drive. So with my 5gb USB Stick everything worked out cherry. Then going through the same exact steps and attempting it on my 16gb USB stick I would get the "Panic!".

Even though when mounting a USB device, whether or not it's a flash drive or a external hard drive, is referenced by the user the same way the way the File System manages the amount of space has to be different (especially when your trying to use Fat32). Try mounting it on a smaller partition something ~5gbs or so. I tested this on 5 different larger USB sticks and 5 different smaller (under 8gb) USB sticks and the results stuck all the way through.

Let me know if you end up testing this out. Because I had this problem for a while with multiple different distro's (Google the kernel panic with any distribution, Gentoo, Ubuntu, Fubuntu, Mandriva, Puppy.. Pepperment... you get the idea). So I've, in my own mind at least, ruled out it possibly being the developers.

**EDIT**

Wanted to confirm all the USB devices that I used to attempt a FROM USB (five total) that I used them with that, after creating a smaller (4gbs is what I decided to go with) partition for the installer to be placed on all the devices that failed now work without an issue.

Softwares tested: Lili Live USB Creator, Pen Drive Linux, Unetbootin, & dd linux consol tool.

**EDIT**

Federico Cinelli
CINELLI Motorsports LLC
Stay true.


Can the mount command mount iso files into virtual drives?

Alternately, you can install gcdemu to get something of a gui to mount isos and bin/cue pairs.


Disabling "apply colors to non Qt applications" worked for me.

  If you do not want KDE to override your GTK settings, select
  Colors -> Options in the System Settings and disable the checkbox
  Apply colors to non-Qt applications

Sources:
https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=355540
https://classicforum.manjaro.org/index.php?topic=29859.0

Before:

After:


apache2 not responding to requests from outside the local network

Check the following:

apache ports file: listen activated on 443
apache active site: pointed to 443 (that's a different virtual host
than the :80)
virtual host: it must include all the alias the site will be called
by (localhost, 127.0.0.1, yoursitename.com, ecc.)
apache server status: running and active
apache log error: no errors on starting
host firewall: 443 opened or no operative firewall
host key: CA key created and associated to the site
router: port 443 forwarded to the host
intranet: check any other operative firewall
any firewall: no blacklisted ip/domain for connection origin
internet: try a traceroute to the site and give a look to connection
times
portscan you external ip for :443
site connection: must be done prefixed by "https://"

If troubles in checking all apache config, I suggest you to install webmin on the host, and manipulate server config through it (to simplify management work).


wrong page load with local apache on Ubuntu 12.04

Creating the virtual host is sites-available is not enough. You also need to enable it. That can be done using the following command:

sudo a2ensite drupaltest

Considering that the file in sites-available is called drupaltest

Next you need to restart, or at least reload, apache.

sudo apache2ctl restart


http://www.iasptk.com/ubuntu/20563-dual-booting-windows-8-and-ubuntu-on-a-single-hard-drive-hdd-with-uefi

Dual-booting Windows 8 and Ubuntu on a single hard drive (HDD). with UEFI

Using a 128 GB SSD, all attempts failed. I couldn't pinpoint what the issue was, so I abandoned the SSD and switched to a regular hard drive – a 500 GB HDD.

What follows is a step-by-step guide on how I succeeded in dual-booting Windows 8 Pro and Ubuntu 12.10 Desktop on a computer with UEFI firmware on the motherboard, using 64-bit installation images of both operating systems. The objective: Set up the system so that GRUB, Ubuntu's boot loader, is installed in a boot partition, making Windows 8′s boot manager the primary boot manager. So that on each reboot, you will see Windows 8′s boot menu as shown in the screen shot below.

Windows 8 Boot Menu

I made two installations. The first was on real hardware using 64-bit installation images of both operating systems. The second was in a virtual environment using 32-bit versions of both. Either attempt worked the first time. Not a single hitch.

Note that this article does not address dual-booting between Windows 8 and Ubuntu 12.10 on a computer preloaded with Windows 8. Such computers tend to have additional partitions for Windows that you will not create on your own. Not to mention the problem associated with Restricted Boot (Secure Boot).

So, here are the series of steps that I took to get this to work:

A. Download Ubuntu: Installation images of Ubuntu 12.10 are available from here. A 32- or 64-bit image worked, so download what you like or what will work on your computer.

B. Install Windows 8: This assumes that you have an installation DVD of Windows 8. When creating the partitions for Windows 8, set aside some free space for Ubuntu.

C. Install Ubuntu: Ubuntu was installed in the free space created when Windows 8 was being installed. Like the Windows 8 installation, this requires manual disk partitioning, so if you are not familiar with disk partitioning in Linux, be sure to read guide to disks and disk partitions in Linux before starting. Also, read Ubuntu 12.10 installation and disk partitioning guide.

D. Add Entry for Ubuntu in Windows 8: If you boot into Windows 8 after installing Ubuntu, you will have to add an entry for Ubuntu in Windows 8′s boot menu.

Once those four steps are completed, you should have a computer with Windows 8 and Ubuntu 12.10 installed on a single hard drive in dual-boot fashion.

Windows 8 Installer: So, let's get started. Reboot or boot the computer with the Windows 8 installation DVD in the optical drive. Once the installer starts, click through until you get to the step shown in the image below. Note that this image and the two below it were taken from the test installation in a virtual environment, so the disk size will be different from what you'll see in the Ubuntu installation images further down. Those were taken from the test installation on real hardware, which has a 500 GB HDD.

To create partitions for Windows 8, click on the New link.
Windows 8 Partition Tool

1a. Specify Disk Size for Windows 8: Specify the amount of disk space you want to use, then click Apply. For this tutorial, I specified 75,000 MB, or 75 GB.
Windows 8 New Partition

1b. Windows 8 Partitions: From the disk space you specified, the installer will automatically create two partitions for Windows. For all the test installations I've done so far, the System Reserved partition always got 350 MB of disk space. After installation, I observed that of that amount, more than 200 MB was used initially (about 242 MB on the 64-bit version, and about 210 MB on the 32-bit version). Click Next to continue with the rest of the installation. Note that Drive 0 Unallocated Space is what will be used for Ubuntu.
Windows 8 Create Partition

(Note: Aside from some eye-candy and intrusive configuration options, there is really no major difference between Windows 8′s installer and that of Windows 7.)

After Windows 8 has installed successfully, reboot the computer, with the Ubuntu 12.10 installation DVD in the optical drive. You can start Ubuntu's installation process from the live desktop or without booting into the live desktop. Whichever option you choose, click through until you get to the step shown in the image in Step 2 below.

Ubuntu Installation Requirements: This just informs you what you need to install Ubuntu 12.10. A fresh installation of Ubuntu 12.10 actually takes less than 4.9 GB of disk space. Compare that to almost 15 GB for a new installation of Windows 8. Continue.
Install Specs
Ubuntu Disk Partitioning Methods: This step gives the options for partitioning the disk. The default, Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 8, will overwrite Windows 8′s boot loader in the Master Boot Record (MBR), which is not what we want. While it also sets up a dual-boot system, it has disadvantages that you do not want to deal with. And you definitely don't want to choose Replace Windows 8 with Ubuntu. The option you want, is the last one – Something else. Selecting that and clicking Continue will take you to the Advanced Partitioning Tool.
Advanced Partitioning Tool: This is the installer's Advanced Partitioning Tool window. Though the installer has support for LVM and full disk encryption in the automated partitioning modes, they are not supported in the Advanced Partitioning Tool. Which means that this "advanced" tool is only so in name only.

In this window, you can see two Windows 8 partitions, and the free space. The free space is what will be used to create partitions for Ubuntu. Select it, then click the "+" button. Note that because there are two existing primary partitions on the system, you can only create two more primary partitions. You can read more about that here.
Partition Tool

Partition Creation Window: This is the partition creation window. There are no exotic options here. Because there are existing primary partitions on the disk, the installer will attempt to create any new partition as a logical partition. You can stick with what the installer wants to use, or modify if. For this tutorial, I chose to create the first partition for Ubuntu as a primary partition.
Create Partitions
Create Boot Partition: The first partition will be mounted at /boot. Notice that "Primary" is selected, instead of "Logical." I allocated 250 MB of disk space to it, which is about the default in this latest edition of Ubuntu. I also chose Ext2 as the file system. That, is also the default for the boot partition in Ubuntu 12.10. OK.

Because I'm assuming that you have read guide to disks and disk partitions in Linux and Ubuntu 12.10 installation and disk partitioning guide, certain details are being omitted in these steps.
Create Boot Partition

Create More Partitions: After the boot partition has been created, you will be returned to the main window of the Advanced Partitioning Tool. To create the remaining partitions, select the free space, then click the "+" button. This step has to be repeated for the other partitions too.
Create Partitions
Create Root Partition: The next partition will be mounted at /. I allocated 15,000 MB, or 15 GB to it. And I used the default file system. Because there is just one primary partition left, the installer will create it and subsequent partitions as logical partitions. And there's nothing you can do about that. MBR-based partitioning schemes are limited to a maximum of four (4) primary partitions. OK.
Create Root Partition
Create Home Partition: The third partition will be mounted at /home. Aside from the disk space, I used the defaults for the other options. OK.
Create Home Partition
Create Swap Partition: The last partition is for Swap, disk space that the system may use as memory. It has been suggested that on a 32-bit system, 2 GB is all you need for Swap, and 4 GB or more for a 64-bit machine. Be sure to select "swap area" from the Use as dropdown menu. OK.
Create Swap Partition
Complete Partitions List: When all the partitions have been created, you should see them listed in the main window of the Advanced Partitioning Tool. The final task at this step, is to specify the Device for boot loader installation. By default, it is /dev/sda or the HDD's MBR. But we want GRUB to be installed in the boot partition, which is sda3 in this tutorial. So, select /dev/sda3 from the dropdown menu. GRUB, the GRand Unified Bootloader, is the name of the boot loader in Ubuntu and almost all Linux distributions.
Device Bootloader Installation
Bootloader Device: After the right partition has been selected for the boot loader installation, the window should look like he one shown below. Click Install Now.
Device Bootloader Installation /boot

After the installation of Ubuntu has completed, rebooting the computer will drop you into Windows 8. Last and final task, is to add an entry for Ubuntu is Windows 8′s boot menu. There are several options for doing it, but the one that I've been using for my tutorials, is EasyBCD from NeoSmart Technologies. It is free for personal use.

Download and Install EasyBCD: Download EasyBCD from here. Install it as you would any other Windows application. After installation, start it, if it is not started automatically. The main window is shown below. To add an entry for Ubuntu, click on the Add New Entry tab.
EasyBCD Windows 8
And Entry in EasyBCD: Then click on the Linux/BSD tab. GRUB 2 is the version of GRUB used by Ubuntu 12.10, so select it from the Type menu. For the Drive dropdown menu, Automatically locate and load always worked for me, but you can select the specific partition, if it makes you happy. Modify the Name field to match, then click the Add Entry button.
EasyBCD Add Entry
Preview Boot Manager's Menu: To preview what Windows 8′s boot menu will look like, click the Edit Boot Menu tab. You can change the boot order and mess with a few other options from here. Save Settings, exit EasyBCD and reboot the computer.


Repeated / Stretched Top Panel with Gnome Classic

So here's what I did. If you are using Gnome classic just do Alt + right click on any of those repeated panels and select "Remove". This will remove this panel. Do the same for all the repeated top panels. I am not sure if this will be permanent since I just tried it and I haven't restarted my computer. I hope it is though!


Ubuntu 15.10 can ping IP and host name from terminal but not connect in browser

I fixed this by manually adding the IP address and hostname in question to my /etc/hosts file:

sudo gedit /etc/hosts/

and then below the entries that were already there, I added the IP/hostname that I found using nslookup.


How to install extention tools for VirtualBox

You can download extensions from :

https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

VirtualBox extension packages have a .vbox-extpack file name extension. To install an extension, simply double-click on the package file and a Network Operations Manager window will appear, guiding you through the required steps.

Reference :Here


Check you "Account settings" (Menu, Preferences - Account Settings). In the left pane, select "Server Settings" under the account where you have the issue. Check the settings under "When I delete a message". If you check the option ""Move it to this folder: " and then select the "Deleted" folder that you (re-)created), then, after clicking OK in the dialog, it will again function as a special "Deleted" folder.


Weird screen tearing behaviour with scrolling after updating Nvidia drivers

This may be related to a Compiz bug:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/compiz/+bug/1288747

What fixed this issue for me was going back to Nvidia driver 331.38 by doing this:

(Ubuntu 14.04 x64)

Remove Nvidia driver:

Ctrl-Alt-F1

sudo service lightdm stop

sudo sh NVIDIA*.run --uninstall
Remove any Noveau files (blacklist) located in /etc/modprobe.d
sudo reboot
Software & Updates, Additional Drivers, Nvidia 331.38 from nvidia-331-updates


My laptop will not boot any distro other than ubuntu from usb

I would suggest using a different, and Open Source Linux based app to create that multibooting flash drive with persistance. http://sourceforge.net/projects/multibootusb/ and http://www.linuxliveusb.com/ have worked well for me, and I carry a 32GB flashdrive with multiple distros, including Puppy, not just *buntu distros.


You need to allow source port 53,  iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT before -A INPUT -p udp -m udp -m multiport ! --dports 53,1194,500,4500 -j DROP, as the replies goes from the resolvers source port 53.

For debugging purpose, attach problematic rule with -j LOG target, and you will get a cleaner picture.

However, for a proper firewall - I would recommend to use POLICY DROP and allow only desired traffic.


Just updated from 8.04 to 10.4 to 12.04 and no internet and don't understand 12.4... should I revert back?

You shouldn't revert back to an older version, because that would mean no security updates, which is very bad.

Instead, I recommend making sure your backups worked properly, then do a fresh install of ubuntu 12.04 (rather than an upgrade).

My experience is that upgrading from old ubuntu releases tended to leave some weird config files in place that cause lots of small problems, and a fresh install avoids that. It's not nearly as much of a problem in the last few ubuntu releases, so once you get a working 12.04, future upgrades should work fine.


Have a read through the community documentation here, if the empty partition is formatted as NTFS you will need to change it to ext3 or ext4 to install Ubuntu on.

The Win7 partition should be clearly labelled as such when you open GParted to view your hard drive and if you do not select it for formatting it will remain untouched by the installation of Ubuntu.


Unable to create app groups in gnome shell

This is no longer possible in this way, see below for the new way.

Therefore, the usual steps do not work anymore:

Open dconf-editor
Navigate to org/gnome/shell
Locate the entry app-folder-categories and add or remove categories

Another proof:

$ gsettings set org.gnome.shell app-folder-categories "['Utilities', 'Sundry', 'Games' ]"
No such key 'app-folder-categories'

The currently working way

Create a folder Audio

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.app-folders folder-children "['Audio']"

Set the name Audio

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.app-folders.folder:/org/gnome/desktop/app-folders/folders/Audio/ name 'Audio'

Add some apps

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.app-folders.folder:/org/gnome/desktop/app-folders/folders/Audio/ apps "['audacious.desktop', 'brasero.desktop']"

More examples and category based folders here


How can I monitor a directory for copy & pasting files?

The answer below need inotify-tools, which might not be on your system. Run
sudo apt install inotify-tools

How to set up a watch script to keep log of what happens in a directory
As mentioned in comments, you can not "intercept" copy or move commands, unless you run them in terminal and use the script command to record what is happening.
You can however keep an eye on what happens inside a directory, with inotifywait
Basic inotifywait script to keep record of your directory
A simple script would be:
#!/bin/bash
DIR="/path/to/directory/to/watch"
inotifywait -m -r -e move -e create "$DIR" | while read f

do
    # remove 'echo changed' after the test
    echo changed
    echo $f >> /path/to/logfile.txt
done

Simply set the paths to the directory in the script, save it as some_script.sh and run it. More advanced would of course be to time stamp events, analyze output etc, but this is the main idea. Instead of "echoing" the output, you could use the -o option, see man inotifywait.
Explanation
To log continuesly, you need to set the option -m:
from man inotifywait:
-m, --monitor
    Instead of exiting after receiving a single event, execute indefinitely. The default behaviour is to exit after the first event occurs.

To log recursively, you need to set the option -r:
-r, --recursive
    Watch all subdirectories of any directories passed as arguments. Watches will be set up recursively to an unlimited depth. Symbolic links are not traversed. Newly created subdirectories will also be watched.

Furthermore, you need to specify event(s) to trigger:
EVENTS
       The following events are valid for use with the -e option:

       access A  watched  file  or  a file within a watched directory was read
              from.

       modify A watched file or a file within a watched directory was  written
              to.

       attrib The metadata of a watched file or a file within a watched direc‐
              tory was modified.  This includes timestamps, file  permissions,
              extended attributes etc.

       close_write
              A  watched file or a file within a watched directory was closed,
              after being opened in writeable mode.  This does not necessarily
              imply the file was written to.

       close_nowrite
              A  watched file or a file within a watched directory was closed,
              after being opened in read-only mode.

       close  A watched file or a file within a watched directory was  closed,
              regardless  of  how  it  was opened.  Note that this is actually
              implemented  simply  by  listening  for  both  close_write   and
              close_nowrite, hence all close events received will be output as
              one of these, not CLOSE.

       open   A watched file or a file within a watched directory was opened.

       moved_to
              A file or directory was moved into a  watched  directory.   This
              event  occurs  even  if the file is simply moved from and to the
              same directory.

       moved_from
              A file or directory was moved from a  watched  directory.   This
              event  occurs  even  if the file is simply moved from and to the
              same directory.

       move   A file or directory was moved from or to  a  watched  directory.
              Note  that  this is actually implemented simply by listening for
              both moved_to and moved_from, hence all  close  events  received
              will be output as one or both of these, not MOVE.

       move_self
              A  watched  file  or  directory was moved. After this event, the
              file or directory is no longer being watched.

       create A file or directory was created within a watched directory.

       delete A file or directory within a watched directory was deleted.

       delete_self
              A watched file or directory was deleted.  After this  event  the
              file  or  directory  is no longer being watched.  Note that this
              event can occur even if it is not explicitly being listened for.

       unmount
              The filesystem on which a watched file or directory resides  was
              unmounted.   After this event the file or directory is no longer
              being watched.  Note that this event can occur even if it is not
              explicitly being listened to.

You need to prepend each of your events, to be triggered, with -e:
-e move -e create

Of course you can set any event trigger from the list.
The result
A short test of my watch script gives us an output like:
/home/jacob/Bureaublad/test/Untitled Folder/ MOVED_FROM CV.pdf
/home/jacob/Bureaublad/test/Untitled Folder/ MOVED_TO CV.pdf
/home/jacob/Bureaublad/test/Untitled Folder/ MOVED_TO pscript_3.py
/home/jacob/Bureaublad/test/Untitled Folder/ MOVED_TO,ISDIR numpy
/home/jacob/Bureaublad/test/Untitled Folder/ CREATE Untitled Document 3
/home/jacob/Bureaublad/test/Untitled Folder/ CREATE,ISDIR Untitled Folder


will installing gnome3 remove ubuntu classic?

Upgrading to 11.10 will move you over to Gnome 3. I do not recommend upgrading to Gnome 3 in 11.04 since that can make things difficult for you later. When people refer to Ubuntu Classic, they're really talking about a shell called Gnome Panel. In a fresh install of Ubuntu 11.10, you won't have it. I don't remember if it'll be removed when upgrading. If so, you can easily reinstall it from the official archives: http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/gnome-session-fallback. This is the one we've used in all versions of Ubuntu prior to Unity. This shell is still available in Gnome 3 (hence also Ubuntu 11.10), but there are a few changes:

Since Gnome now uses the Gnome Control Center for settings, there's no longer a System menu in the menubar at the top left.
Applets are now grouped either to the left, center or right. You can't have applets outside of these groups. This is due to an old bug that caused applets to be moved around randomly when changing resolutions, etc. You can still order them however you like though.
You now have to press and hold the alt-key (or super+alt) when customizing the panel. In other words; instead of right-click > Add to panel, you now use super+alt right-click > add to panel. The same is true when moving applets. You have to press and hold alt and then middle-click and drag.
You no longer have to lock applets. They're automatically locked in place when you move them.

If you use indicators, you'll need to install the indicator-applet-complete from a PPA. Open a terminal and use the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jconti/gnome3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-applet indicator-applet-complete indicator-applet-session

If you also want application menus to integrate with the panel, you can also sudo apt-get install indicator-applet-appmenu from the same PPA.

None of these will be automatically added, so you'll need to add them to the panel as you would with any other applet.

Since the underlying technologies have changed in Gnome 3, applets need to be ported. That's why you have to install these from a PPA and not from the Ubuntu archives. If you use other panel applets, you should check first to see if they've been ported. If you don't, then these instructions will give you an almost identical experience to the one you had in 11.04, except for the differences I mentioned above.

This is an example of a Gnome Panel desktop in 11.10:


Unresolved dependencies trying to install build-essential on Lubuntu 14.04

Ok, I managed to solve the problem: I installed aptitude

sudo apt-get install aptitude

and then ran aptitude to install build-essential

sudo aptitude install build-essential

it suggested to downgrade some packages (don't accept the first solution it proposes, I think the second or third solution was the one that worked). In case somebody stumbles upon the same problem - use aptitude - as somebody wrote in another forum it is like apt-get only smarter...


Uninstalling Xubuntu and returning to Ubuntu

I figured out the issue with assistance from over in Ubuntu's own forum.  I have to basically get rid of the LightDM preferences that Xubuntu left, reinstall LightDM, and it worked.  There were some other packages that needed reinstalling after I got back in so Unity worked correctly, whih was unity-gtk2-module and unity-gtk3-module, then all is normal.  System monitor is missing the system tab but I can deal with that.


I actually found the answer. As it turns out when you install xbindkeys it installs a default config file that remaps the ctrl+f shortcut to open xterm.


Run this command

sudo apt-get install clamtk

Other closed source virus scanning exists, but I personally do not promote or use them.  If you want to check it out look at the Sophos website.


Resize font on boot message screen and console

You can configure the font on tty console with
sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup

leave all settings as they are but the last one, where you can chose the size.
(You have to reboot to get the new font on your console.)

Update:
This doesn't seem to work anymore on 15.04, but you can install the custom Ubuntu fonts for your console:
sudo apt-get install fonts-ubuntu-font-family-console

And create a script /usr/local/bin/fontset with this command:
#!/bin/sh
setfont /usr/share/consolefonts/Uni3-TerminusBold32x16.psf.gz

(choose the desired font out of the folder /usr/share/consolefonts/)
You can either call fontset each time on your console after using Ctrl+Alt+F1
or add these lines to your ~/.profile:
#load larger font on tty
if [ "$TERM" == "linux" ]; then
 #sleep 1 # add this if you have problems
 /usr/local/bin/fontset
fi

This starts your script only if you are on a tty console.


Can't copy large files to Windows share - Error closing file: Input/output error

Faced the same problem on Debian 9.4

It turned out that when installing the version 2.1 you got this error message. But if it is version 2.0 cp works just fine.

So try to change your fstab entry to:

//ipaddr/share /mnt/share cifs vers=2.0,username=username,password=password,noperm,dir_mode=0777,file_mode=0777,iocharset=utf8,_netdev 0 0


Computer locks up on "last screen" when restarting/shutting down Ubuntu 12.04

I have seen faulty bios cause similar issues.

What is the make/model of the computer?

Similar question with answer

Eventually in the case for the M6600 from Dell, Dell release a bios update the corrected the issue.  But the grub switch workaround mentioned in the above link may fix your problem.


Removing Disk Check on Persistent USB's

The command line option fsck.mode=skip can be used to skip the disk check.

The line Checking disks: 0% complete will still come up but fsck will not be run, nor will boot time be increased.

mkusb After the Persistent USB drive is created, open /boot/grub/grub.cfg as root.

Add fsck.mode=skip to the Persistent menuentry thus:

linux   ($root)/casper/vmlinuz  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed maybe-ubiquity fsck.mode=skip quiet splash persistent ---
Newer versions of mkusb already include this fix.
If you also wish to remove the Try Ubuntu / Install Ubuntu screen delete "maybe-ubiquity".

UNetbootin After creating the boot drive, open /boot/grub/grub.cfg as root.

Add fsck.mode=skip to the first menuentry for (UEFI boot mode).
Open syslinux.cfg as root and add fsck.mode=skip to the default menuentry for (BIOS boot mode).

Rufus After creating the boot drive, open /boot/grub/grub.cfg as root.

Add fsck.mode=skip to the Default menuentry for (UEFI boot mode).
Open /isolinux/txt.cfg as root and add fsck.mode=skip to the "Try Ubuntu without installing" menuentry, (for BIOS boot mode).

The Try Ubuntu / Install Ubuntu screen can be removed from BIOS boot by overwriting syslinux.cfg with:

default persistent
label persistent
  say Booting an Ubuntu Persistent session...
  kernel /casper/vmlinuz
  append  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper persistent initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash noprompt --

The Try Ubuntu / Install Ubuntu screen can be removed from Rufus UEFI boot by removing "maybe-ubiquity" from /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
.
.
.

Edit 20200524:
The above workaround is no longer needed.

This bug was fixed in the package 'casper - 1.447', as announced in:  https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/casper/+bug/1875548

Run:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y casper

(I am still testing the fix, It does not seem to be working yet).


How can I run an c/c++ program that use GNU Scientific Library (GSL)?

you can set the path of library and exporting it, this is a dirty way but it works

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/data2/Irfan/gsl/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

note* /data2/Irfan/gsl/lib is a path of where you have installed gsl


Sorry, user xxxx is not allowed to execute '/bin/bash' as root on xxxx

Obviously not using the visudo which refuses to allow a badly formed config file. Boot with an install disk and revert your changes by editing the file while the / partition on the drive is mounted in a Terminal session.


Add entries to Nautilus' right-click menu (copy, move to arbitrary directories)

This was a long time running idea in Ubuntu Brainstorm http://brainstorm.ubuntu.com/idea/1366 and I would like to see this too on Nautilus.


You can click the mouse pointer at the very bottom of the window and the toolbar returns. Here you can use the forward and back buttons and enter a new web address.

There aren't tabs (strictly-speaking) in this browser. To access a new browser page you must open the toolbar as above and click the "Activity" button. On the subsequent screen you can see the pages that you have currently open. Click to display a page or long-click to be shown a close button to close unwanted pages.


Please help me to reinstall ubuntu without losing data!

If you have only one partition then you have to copy all data from ubuntu live CD or Stick. If you have a separate Home or Partition then you can Install ubuntu normally. Just reinstall ubuntu to SDA1 partition. When installing select

something else

Selece SDA1 and click chage. Select partition to ext4, mount point to "/", check format

Swap as usual

If want to create home with another partition just mount to /home


This web site tells you how to install the current version.

The commands you need are:

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/popcorntime
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install popcorn-time


Network manager connection editor can't start

I found a solution. It may not be the best solution, but I can now start the connection editor. After uninstalling network manager I deleted the /usr/lib/NetworkManager/ directory and its contents. Afterwards I reinstalled network-manager and network-manager-gnome and can now start the connection editor using the GUI and nm-connection-editor at the terminal.


How can I remove a HDD from the "Devices" list in the file browser?

Press Windows key and search for the application called "Disks"
Select the HDD that contains the partition that you want to hide
At the right, select the partition to hide and press the "More Actions" >> "Edit Mount Options..."
In the "Mount Options" window, select "OFF" for "Automatic Mount Options" and uncheck the "Show in user interface" box (also "Mount at startup" if you won't use it)


How to set up different Firefox profiles for the same Ubuntu user and the same Firefox installation

Excerpt of the command-line options from man firefox:

-ProfileManager
   Start the profilemanager. Use this to choose the profile you would like to
   run firefox with. You will need to also use -no-remote if there is already
   a running firefox instance.

-P profile
   Start firefox with the profile named profile. Will start the profile
   manager if a valid profile name is not specified. You will need to also
   use -no-remote if there is already a running firefox instance.

So you just need to start Firefox with one of those parameters by either using a terminal, the Alt+F2 HUD, from the launcher icon's context menu after editing its configuration file, which I will describe below.

Set up a new profile:

Launch Firefox's ProfileManager from the terminal or with Alt+F2:

firefox -ProfileManager

Rename your current profile default to profile1 (or whatever you like, you don't even have to rename it, but I will do in this guide for clarification - you just have to replace profile1 with your exact name wherever it occurs!) by clicking on Rename Profile....
Create a new profile with the wizard by clicking on Create Profile.... It will show you an info window first, read it and click Next. The second window will ask you to enter a name for the profile, enter profile2 here (or replace it wherever it occurs in this guide with exactly what you entered instead). I would recommend you not to change the folder where the profile will be stored in, unless you have a good reason to do so. Click Finish.

Exit the ProfileManager.

Set up your launcher icon to access those profiles from the context menu:

Copy the original launcher file (which is owned by root, used system-wide and will get replaced with the next update) to your home folder:

cp /usr/share/applications/firefox.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/firefox.desktop

Edit the copy e.g. with either Gedit (GUI) or Nano (terminal):

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/firefox.desktop
nano ~/.local/share/applications/firefox.desktop

Search for the line:

Actions=NewWindow;NewPrivateWindow;

and add new context menu action identifiers like this (example names, but only used within the file, you won't see them anywhere else):

Actions=NewWindow;NewPrivateWindow;Profile1;Profile2;ProfileManager;

Insert the code snippet below at the end of the file, you may vary the Name= value and add as many translations as you want (example for German [de] is given). The Exec=firefox -P ... lines have to contain the exact (case-sensitive) name of the profiles you created in the profile manager! The -no-remote flag allows multiple firefox profiles to run at the same time. Also the last word in the lines [Desktop Action ...] has to exactly match the keys you added to the Actions= line above.

[Desktop Action Profile1]
Name=Run Firefox with profile 1
Name[de]=Firefox mit Profil 1 starten
Exec=firefox -P profile1 -no-remote
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

[Desktop Action Profile2]
Name=Run Firefox with profile 2
Name[de]=Firefox mit Profil 2 starten
Exec=firefox -P profile2 -no-remote
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

[Desktop Action ProfileManager]
Name=Open Firefox profile manager
Name[de]=Firefox Profilmanager öffnen
Exec=firefox -ProfileManager -no-remote
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

Now if you want to specify a permanent default profile for when you left-click the launcher icon (otherwise the profile you last used through the ProfileManager with the respective checkbox ticked gets launched), you also have to edit the main Exec= line. It's the topmost and should look like this:

Exec=firefox %u

Edit it to look like the one below, maybe replacing profile1 with the correct default profile name you wish.

Exec=firefox -P profile1 %u

You have to reboot (maybe logging out and back in is also enough?) before the system realizes that you want to override the system-wide firefox.desktop file and use your personal and customized one. Or you can use the command

desktop-file-install --dir=~/.local/share/applications ~/.local/share/applications/firefox.desktop

to re-initiate the launcher file. After that, enjoy your multiple profiles!


Getting an error when using Synaptic Package Manager, unmet dependencies

Try this:
sudo dpkg --configure -a

Then remove the package which appears in the output by running this command
sudo dpkg --remove package-name


Circumflex Accents on French Keyboards for LaTex

You can switch keyboard layout. The French (alt., no dead keys) layout turns the ^ key to a non-dead key.


Workflow for creating math heavy notes and review sheets on Linux

Why not use Lyx ? It's a graphical interface to Latex, it will make your workflow faster.


Have you looked at redshift?

sudo apt-get install redshift

This is my config file ~/.config/redshift.conf:

[redshift]
;temp-day=5700
;temp-night=4600
brightness-day=1.0
brightness-night=0.75
gamma=0.8
adjustment-method=vidmode
location-provider=manual

[manual]
lat=63.81415
lon=20.41742

You would obviously need to change lat/long. Perhaps is brightness-day the setting you're looking for.

If you want redshift to autostart at login, select Applications/System tools/Preferences/Startup applications/Add. Name: redshift. Command: /usr/bin/redshift.


Cannot get right resolution with Nvidia driver

Generally it is recommended to use the NVIDIA drivers from the official Ubuntu repositories.
But when there are problems with these drivers, you can install the latest official NVIDIA drivers.
This often leads to properly working graphics - especially on very new hardware such as your GTX 960.

NVIDIA lately released the final long-lived branch drivers version 361.
These drivers already are available in the Proprietary GPU drivers PPA.

Remove the currently installed drivers - open a terminal and execute :

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo reboot

Install the latest official stable drivers - open a terminal and execute :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-361
sudo reboot


No audio coming from HDMI ouput (Kubuntu, Radeon RX 480)

Here is how I got things working in case anyone else want to know. It may save you some time.

The problem seemed to be that pulse audio was send sound to card 1 device 3 which produced no sound with sound-test command. I needed to switch it to card 1 device 7, which did produce sound with sound-test.

I added two lines to the file /etc/pulse/default.pa:

load-module module-alsa-sink device=hw:1,7

The hw:1,7 corresponds to the "card 1" and "device 7" shown for the device in the output of the aplay -l. This was the card and device that played sound from sound-test.

On your computer, the card number and device changes. Adjust accordingly.


Why won't Ubuntu Software Center let me edit my review?

Editing is not a feature of reviews. Reviews are not the place to report problems with software, either.

If the software is broken in some way, you should file a bug against it. You can run ubuntu-bug monodevelop to file a bug against MonoDevelop, for example.


iptables match multiport - need clarification : dport or dports , sport or sports

From man iptables-extensions:

multiport
   This module matches a set of source or destination  ports.   Up  to  15
   ports  can be specified.  A port range (port:port) counts as two ports.
   It can only be used in conjunction with one of the following protocols:
   tcp, udp, udplite, dccp and sctp.

   [!] --source-ports,--sports port[,port|,port:port]...
          Match  if  the  source port is one of the given ports.  The flag
          --sports is a convenient alias for this option.  Multiple  ports
          or  port ranges are separated using a comma, and a port range is
          specified using a colon.  53,1024:65535  would  therefore  match
          ports 53 and all from 1024 through 65535.

   [!] --destination-ports,--dports port[,port|,port:port]...
          Match  if  the  destination port is one of the given ports.  The
          flag --dports is a convenient alias for this option.

   [!] --ports port[,port|,port:port]...
          Match if either the source or destination ports are equal to one
          of the given ports.


I missed the removal step after my upgrade from Oneiric to Precise

Try running this command in the terminal

sudo apt-get autoremove

That should remove unnecessary packages.


How to solve wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32

It seems that there are problems with this snap, its maintainer forgot to add the libatomic.so.1 with correct bitness and CPU architecture:

$ snap run --shell swift
$ ldd /snap/swift/5/bin/swift | grep not
  libatomic.so.1 => not found

$ cd /snap/swift/current $ find -name libatomic.so*
./usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libatomic.so.1
./usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libatomic.so.1.1.0
./usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/5/libatomic.so

The solution would be to use edge channel for this snap:

snap install swift --edge


Opening a file opens the folder the file is in, not the file itself

There is an easier way to fix this, even with exo installed (I use unity AND xfce4-panel so I needed both).

Open ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list in an editor (make a backup just in case!). Remove the following lines:

x-scheme-handler/file=exo-file-manager.desktop
x-scheme-handler/trash=exo-file-manager.desktop

Save, and it should work now.

Some users will need to make exactly the same changes to /usr/share/xubuntu/applications/defaults.list as well. The lines can be commented out by adding # at the beginning of each. The fix works after logging in again.


I think I've found the solution to my problem, so now I'm posting it.

Testing admin privileges can be done like so :

uid_t uid = getuid(), euid = geteuid();
if(uid < 0 || uid != euid) {
    // Can stop or reboot system
} else {
    // Cannot stop nor reboot system
}


open new terminal results in editing bash_aliases file

The original poster found the solution while inspecting ~/.bash_aliases and provided it in an edit:

  As I rewriting my question as suggested in the comments, I noticed there where an alias which I called alias. That caused recursive behavior. Thanks for the push in the correct direction ;)

To expand on that a bit, this was the line in ~/.bash_aliases that caused the problem, which could simply be removed:

alias alias='vim ~/.bash_aliases'

Strictly speaking, the problem was not caused by recursion. bash does not expand aliases recursively. For example, most Ubuntu users have alias ls='ls --color=auto', and this does not cause any problems; the ls in the alias definition is not itself expanded.

Instead, the problem with defining an alias called alias is that subsequent attempts to use the alias command to define aliases use the alias alias instead. In this case, running alias ... had the effect of running vim ~/.bash_aliases ..., which would run vim and open ~/.bash_aliases while also trying to open files named by the arguments passed for ....

When the alias command is used in the usual way to define aliases, it has one argument (e.g., gpuo='git push --set-upstream origin'). This explains the observation that two files were opened:

  Also, I get prompted with 2 files to edit.

If such files were saved, their names would have an = sign in them. It might be worth looking for such files to check that they were created unintentionally and then delete them. But if they weren't saved, vim would not have created them.


Reinstalling the packages won't necessarily help because localization info was separated in Ubuntu. You may want to open Settings, Language support (icon with United Nations flag) and see if it prompts for localization not being completely installed.

The font issue is specially challenging because these Unicode symbols should be supported by default. If you type locale at a terminal, will the output look like LANG=es_ES.UTF-8 ? If it is, try selecting a different font like 'Ubuntu' or 'Sans' in the Appearance settings.


How do I prevent Xubuntu 14.04 from turning off when listening to music?

Go to settings.  Battery.  You should see options for when you want computer to sleep, shutoff, ect. I suggest only setting it to never when you are powered via ac. You could write a little shell script to detect when the barttery percentage is below x%, and send the cutoff signal to your music program.  Just a thought.


How do I use the chrome driver in Ubuntu 16.04?

You can use chromium-chromedriver:

sudo apt-get install chromium-chromedriver

Or download proprietary ChromeDriver and use it:

wget https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/2.35/chromedriver_linux64.zip
unzip chromedriver_linux64.zip
./chromedriver

You need to install selenium python packages:

sudo apt-get install python-selenium python3-selenium

It works with Google's Getting started python program:

import time
from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome('./chromedriver')  # Optional argument, if not specified will search path.
# or '/usr/lib/chromium-browser/chromedriver' if you use chromium-chromedriver
driver.get('http://www.google.com/xhtml');
time.sleep(5) # Let the user actually see something!
search_box = driver.find_element_by_name('q')
search_box.send_keys('ChromeDriver')
search_box.submit()
time.sleep(5) # Let the user actually see something!
driver.quit()


How do you run a 32-bit Windows program on Ubuntu 20.04 using wine?

There are 32bit versions of wine and there are 64bit versions of wine.
Look in your WINEPREFIX/drive_c/ folder. There should be a Program Files folder.
If you see the Program Files ONLY and no ProgramFiles(x86) Then you are using 32bit wine.
If you see both then you are using 64bit wine.


Is there native software similar to Comic Book Life for Linux?

TBO

It is a Gnome comic creator.
TBO is an easy and fun program to draw comics and make your presentations funnier.


SMART status:-- DISK FAILURE IS IMMINENT

I had this problem which happened to me last year. When it says "Disk failure is IMMINENT", it really means that. Pull whatever data you value off of that, because it won't be long before it fails completely, wiping out what's on it. (Where "Won't be long can range from a day to about a week in my experience")

This is a hardware issue. The disk is physically failing. If it's new enough, check about sending it in under warranty. There isn't any repairing it.


See if this related question and its answer can help you: Is there a copy handling progam available that can queue, pause and resume?

It suggests using an application other that Nautilus, that AFAIK cannot do what you ask.


I would recommend the 32 bit version, since you have only 2 Gb of RAM.
32 bit systems can use all of the RAM until 4 Gb, so unless you are planning on upgrading you RAM in the future, i would suggest you get the 32 bit version since it's usually more stable.


Desktop environment menu missing on 12.10

Have you tried clicking on the Ubuntu icon in the username/password box?

Clicking on it should reveal a list of the environments you have on your system:


Ubuntu Server 13.04 on IBM x3300 M4 - boot failure

I have X3300 m4 using ubuntu 12.04

when using dvd instalation i can boot via DVD and no problem with HDD. but when finish it's can't boot like it can't detect the hdd.
i already find in google and ask the ibm, but not much help they sudgest using paid linux server like redhat and suse

So .....
i unplug the HDD from raid, i direct attach using sata cable to sata port, and install like normal. then it's finish, i can boot it. but .....
the speed of sata just SATA 2

to day, i remove DVD and change to SSD for database, still using (SATA port) and still run on sata 2, not on full speed. but it's fast enough to server mysql database.


removed the link and created a /etc/resolv.conf and added the name servers. That fixed the issue.


How do I make the b43 kernel module load on boot in Ubuntu 16.04?

So, moving my script that called modprobe b43 until lsmod indicates that it is loaded from being called by root's crontab to being called by /etc/rc.local fixed this for me. Why this makes any difference I have no idea though.


Nautilus hard-sorts by modification-date, driving me insane

Open Nautilus and hover your mouse over the top-left screen line and this Menu line appears:

File Edit View Go Bookmarks Help

Click on View. A drop down menu appears and you need to uncheck Reversed Order option.


I think the problem you are having is that the bash read command doesn't write the result to stdout, it stores the results in variables, either named ones passed as arguments, or in the REPLY variable.

So for instance, I think what you want here is something like:

read -n1 track
play "proc/$track.wav"

You can see all the details by typing help read in bash.


No, on a standard Ubuntu install, it is not possible to do this.

There is the classicmenu-indicator which you could install and run, to provide the traditional menu as an indicator in the upper right. Due to the nature of the menu panel though, traditional launchers as would have existed on the GNOME 2.x panel would not work, as they would have to open a menu, where you could then launch the thing from, and that kind of defeats the purpose.


Sorry but it is only possible to put the launcher on the left side or on the bottom. It's a matter of a stylistic decision on behalf of the developers if I'm not mistaken.


As a last resort, perhaps try removing all non-necessity sources from the /etc/apt/sources.list file, leaving only the essential ones for the system. By doing so this could possibly fix your issue. Before carrying out this action, I recommend creating a backup just in case you accidently delete something important...

BACKUP

You can create a backup simply by running cp sources.list sources.bak and if you accidently break something simply either move the copy or copy the copy back to the original by running cp sources.bak sources.list...

Hope this helps!!!Let me know


Ubuntu 20.04 with ZFS, using a mainline kernel version results in "Failed to load ZFS modules"

By definition, kernels from the Ubuntu mainline PPA use the master source code from kernel.org. There is no such thing as zfs in the master code, and its inclusion at the master level has been controversial and has licensing concerns.
It would defeat the purpose of the mainline kernels if they were to include any downstream (distribution) modifications.
Yes, you could compile your own kernels starting from the Ubuntu source code. However, you might achieve what you want by using one of the current Ubuntu unstable kernels for the current development version, 20.10., keeping in mind that development level issues are not supported on this forum.


Unable to mount SD card, Exits with error

Try to install the exfat support:

sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils

Then reinsert the card.

If it does not mount automatically, try:

sudo mount.exfat /dev/mmcblk0p1 /your/mount/point


Ubuntu 20.04 and Huawei Mobile Stick E3372

As soon as you plug the usb Dongle in and you get a steady blue led, issue:
ip link
5: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

you should get an eth1 as physical device.
If you are using network manager to handle connections, create an ethernet connection using eth1 and bring it up
sudo nmcli connection add type ethernet con-name huawei ifname eth1
sudo nmcli c up huawei


How do I insert a line at the top of a text file using the command line?

It's actually quite easy with sed:

sed -i -e '1iHere is my new top line\' filename
1i tells sed to insert the text that follows at line 1 of the file; don't forget the \ newline at the end so that the existing line 1 is moved to line 2.


I'm assuming you have a recent linux system with systemd (e.g. Ubuntu 16.04 or newer).

If you need to unlock your own session, just run loginctl unlock-session (no root required because it's your own session). If you have multiple sessions and want to select just one, run loginctl list-sessions to identify session and then run e.g. loginctl unlock-session c187.

If you need to unlock all sessions, just run sudo loginctl unlock-sessions. Note that this will immediately unlock ALL sessions no matter which user is running the screen saver.

If you need more information to identify the correct session, you can try something like this:

loginctl list-sessions --no-legend | while read id rest; do echo; loginctl show-session $id; done


If you need to recover deleted files, it's imperative that you immediately shut down the newly installed system and not use it. You can run from a live CD provided that swap is disabled. See the guidelines here.
However, most of the time, its better to replace the contents of /usr/local then to attempt recovery. At least if you were using /usr/local in a normal way.
Ordinarily, /usr/local is used for installing software that you've compiled yourself from source code. If you have only (or mostly) used it for this purpose, then you should just reinstall the software (i.e., re-create /usr/local and build and install the programs and/or libraries like you built and installed them before).
This will very probably be less work, and take less time, than trying to recover the contents. And it will definitely be more reliable. Data recovery is appropriate when you have lost information that you want to retrieve--like the contents of a document that has not been backed up. But it will not reliably give you back exactly all the files you had before, where you had them before.
If you used /usr/local in the usual way, then you should just rebuild its contents.
If you don't remember what was there, that might make it hard for you to rebuild it. But it would make it even harder for you to recover it; it's very difficult (often, impossible) to recover deleted files if you don't know much about them).
If you never used it at all, then there's probably nothing of consequence there. So if you don't remember ever using /usr/local for anything, you can just recreate it with sudo mkdir /usr/local and do nothing else. (Its subfolders will still be missing, but anything that uses them will typically create them if they are found not to exist, so that's usually not a problem.)
Preventing this in the Future
This addresses the updated portion of the question.
Comparison of File Deletion Safety Features in Ubuntu and Windows
The feature you're looking for would probably be more similar to System Restore in Windows, than to the Windows recycle bin. After all, when you delete files on the desktop in Ubuntu, they are sent to the trash (unless you indicate that they are to be permanently deleted, for example by pressing Shift+Delete). In the trash, they can be deleted for real (by emptying the trash) or they can be taken out of the trash. This behavior is identical to the recycle bin in Windows.
In both Windows and Ubuntu, when you delete files from the command-line, they are truly deleted. (That doesn't mean they are unrecoverable, but it usually means they are hard to recover and likely have unrecoverable parts.)
While Ubuntu and Windows both have a logical storage area for files that are marked for deletion (the trash and the recycle bin), Ubuntu does not have any feature that corresponds to System Restore in Windows.
Make Backups
If you need to safeguard against losing any data, your guess is totally right: backups are the correct solution. However, this is not a particularly "weak place" in Ubuntu; you can severely damage any part of your system by running rm -r as root! (Running deltree as an administrator in Windows is similarly dangerous.)
Avoid Any Unnecessary Operations on System Directories
Moving or renaming system directories is rare and usually unnecessary. I recommend avoiding performing any action on a top-level system directory unless you need to, especially if you cannot tolerate breakage.
Avoid -r Except When Necessary (there is no such thing as mv -r)
Unlike the rm command, the mv command does not have any -r flag (see man mv for details). You do not need such a flag, even to move a non-empty directory. If you avoid using -r for commands where it's not needed, and be extra-careful in the minority of instances where you do use -r, you may be able to reduce your risk of data loss or other undesirable changes to your system.
Use gksudo nautilus (carefully!) if you want to trash instead of delete system files.
You can open a root file browser window by running gksudo nautilus. (In some later versions of Ubuntu, gksudo is not always installed. You can get it by installing the package gksu, or you can use sudo -H in its place. You should not use plain sudo to run graphical programs.) This gives you a graphical file-browsing interface with essentially unlimited power.
This carries its own dangers, and I don't think it's really safer than the command line. However, when you remove a file, it should go to the trash rather than being truly deleted. It will go to the root user's trash--not your regular user account's trash can. You can access the root user's trash from within that same root file browser window.
Sending files to the trash as root is not a very common operation, so I recommend making sure it works with an unimportant file (perhaps one you create for testing), and that you can restore the test file, before relying on this behavior of the system.
If you choose to use a root file browser window, please remember that, like when running commands with sudo, a mistake can have systemwide consequences. Also, any program you run from a root file browser window will itself run as root. For these reasons, I recommend always closing a root file browser window immediately, once you are doing using it.


Virtualbox. Clipboard and shared folder in Ubuntu don't work

I was facing the same issue these days and tried reinstalling guest additions on countless VMs without any results.

After some research, a bug was indeed present in VirtualBox 6.1.4 in which Shared Clipboard no longer works.

A new version has been released (6.1.6) in which the bug has been fixed.

From the Changelog: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Changelog

  Shared clipboard: Multiple fixes including possible crash and HTML
  data support

So i suggest you upgrade to version 6.1.6. And if it still doesn't work, downgrade to 6.1.2 instead because it still works there.


Ok, I just deleted pavucontrol and my computer doesn't crash anymore. Sound still crashes, but only if I change the jack from headphone to external speakers.


Error: Failed to execute child process Failed to execve: No such file or directory

Change your script to this:
#! /bin/sh
cd ~/DevSpace/AndroidStudio/arctic_fox/bin/ && ./studio.sh

You likely don't need to use gnome-terminal.
Your script is a shell script, which uses your system's installation of sh as its interpreter. A shell script can run independently from any terminal.
To understand the difference between a shell and a terminal, perhaps consider reading the answers to What is the exact difference between a 'terminal', a 'shell', a 'tty' and a 'console'? (though don't be alarmed if the answers are over your head at this stage).


Ungraceful shutdown (hard-drive spinning while powered off)

during shutdown of my kubuntu laptop, the hard drive make a noise as if it was powered off without warning.
  How can I ensure the system waits until everything is ok before it powers off?

Unless there's some evil bug, I don't believe that's happening. Your HDD might make such a noise, but unless you have very strong evidence to believe otherwise, your system makes sure that everything is OK before powering off.


"hash sum mismatch" error when doing update

To get rid of this error, hit the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+T to open a terminal window.

Then type the commands given below in the terminal one-by-one:

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
sudo apt clean
sudo apt update


How to fix anacron & cups-pdf when you have /var on tempfs

Ok so nothing you do on a tmpfs is not going to persist after a restart. That's because a tmpfs is temporary and only exists in the RAM. Anything that needs to be on a tmpfs for the system to run must be created every time the system boots. Most processes that use /var do this but some it seems such as anacron and cups-pdf do not.

To fix this you have to create a script that creates these directories every time the system starts. Copy the below into a text file, save it and make it executable.

#!/bin/bash

# Script to create required directories in tempfs /var (that are not otherwise created)
# Thanks to http://blog.philippklaus.de/2011/02/ssd-optimizations-on-linux/ for the list below :-)

for dir in apparmor apt ConsoleKit cups dist-upgrade fsck gdm installer news ntpstats samba speech-dispatcher unattended-upgrades; do
  if [ ! -d /var/log/$dir ] ; then
    mkdir /var/log/$dir
  fi
done

for dir in cups-pdf anacron; do
  if [ ! -d /var/spool/$dir ] ; then
    mkdir /var/spool/$dir
  fi
done

Next you need to make this script run every time the system starts by adding a line to /etc/rc.local

I called my script "make_required_dirs_on_tempfs.sh" so I just add the following line to the rc.local file. Put it at the end but above the "exit 0" command.

/PATH_TO_SCRIPT/make_required_dirs_on_tempfs.sh

I saved my script in "/mnt/data/config/scripts/start-stop" and so my /etc/rc.local file looks like this:

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

#if [ -d "/var/cache/apt/archives" ]; then echo "/var/cache/apt/archives exists"; else mkdir /var/cache/apt/archives; fi || die "Command failed: mkdir /var/cache/apt/archives"

/mnt/data/config/scripts/start-stop/make_required_dirs_on_tempfs.sh

exit 0


Where to find log file for booting information

The boot log is located at /var/log/boot.log

If that does not have the information you're looking for, then try the command dmesg in the terminal.  That should have the detail you may not get in the log file.


At the graphical login screen, use CTRL+ALT+F3 to switch to a tty (text only) terminal.

Login to the tty using your normal username/password

Test your network connectivity: ping -c4 8.8.8.8.

You should get a result 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss. If not, see How to connect to wifi using just the terminal?

Restore your Desktop with sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop

When the install completes, reboot: sudo reboot now


Public directory ($XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR) created despite "enabled=False" in user-dirs.conf

The issue went away when I removed gnome-user-share (sudo apt-get --purge remove gnome-user-share). Apparently it was caused by Gnome's file sharing function referring to $XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR and recreating the (default-named) directory when not found. With gnome-user-share removed, the "Public" directory no longer reappears.


I had to unplug the Unifying Receiver and plug it back in :)


"The memory could not be written" error in virtualbox on Windows 10

Can you disable the 3D Accelaration in virtual box for this VM and then reboot the VM. I had the same issue after disabling 3D Acceleration it worked perfectly.


Ubuntu 16.04 on MacBook Air 2009 - WiFi, suspend and touch-pad

I am not sure if this will work because I found it on the internet and is not a first-hand thing, but you might want to give it a try. The solution was not install mtrack and edit a configuration file:

1) install

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-mtrack

2) at the bottom of configuration add those settings

sudo nano /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf

Section "InputClass"
        MatchIsTouchpad "on"
        Identifier      "Touchpads"
        Driver          "mtrack"
        Option          "Sensitivity" "0.95"
        Option          "FingerHigh" "12"
        Option          "FingerLow" "1"
        Option          "IgnoreThumb" "true"
        Option          "IgnorePalm" "true"
        Option          "TapButton1" "0"
        Option          "TapButton2" "0"
        Option          "TapButton3" "0"
        Option          "TapButton4" "0"
        Option          "ClickFinger1" "1"
        Option          "ClickFinger2" "3"
        Option          "ClickFinger3" "3"
        Option          "ButtonMoveEmulate" "false"
        Option          "ButtonIntegrated" "true"
        Option          "ClickTime" "25"
        Option          "BottomEdge" "25"
        Option          "SwipeLeftButton" "8"
        Option          "SwipeRightButton" "9"
        Option          "SwipeUpButton" "0"
        Option          "SwipeDownButton" "0"
        Option          "ScrollDistance" "75"
        Option          "ScrollUpButton" "5"
        Option          "ScrollDownButton" "4"
EndSection

I hope this works for your. I am not sure about the rules regarding posting links but I feel the need to give creds to the original poster here

I am still not quite sure about your wifi. So, is it working now or still not working? Because I am also working on a Mac and didn't have to install any drives.

Update An easier solution that I just tried on my laptop (might not work for your, but let's hope it does!)

System settings > Mouse&Touchpad > and turn the touchpad on if it is off.


What is the version numbering logic for open source developers managing software releases?

I think it's probably worth addressing the specific version numbering part of this question. Of course, there are many different development models and versioning schemes used by open source projects. So there is no real definitive answer, but there are two projects very important to Ubuntu that have a specific way of doing version numbering.

GNOME uses a versioning scheme where in X.Y.Z

"X" is the major release number. This only changes when there has
been a significant break in the project.
"Y" is an even number for stable versions, and is an *odd number
for unstable version*s. For example, the 3.4.1 version is stable, but
3.5.1 is unstable.
"Z" is used in "odd numbered" releases as an increment towards the
"even numbered" release. After the stable release is made, it is then
used for small bug fix "point releases."

The Linux kernel uses a similar versioning scheme. This seems to work best for projects with time based releases.


How to install package without internet connection

Once you get the necessary files downloaded, and copied to the old computer, take a look at this site

Or
 You can click here to download


Can't access Dolphin samba share in Win10

Did you add your user name to the samba password database? As in:

sudo smbpasswd -a your-user-name


Ubutnu 18.04 on XPS15 9500: default gnuplot plots are small (python matplotlib as well)

Unfortunately, support for high resolution displays (HiDPI) remains limited in some cases. Modern desktops and applications start to adapt, but older programs may render extremely small on high resolution displays. There is not much else you can do than to run your desktop on HD resolution, i.e. 1920 x 1080 if you need to run these applications.
That said, the more recent your Ubuntu version, the better the support for HiDPI. So you probably should have installed the latest Ubuntu long term release, 20.04, instead of 18.04. Some updates of applications shipped with the newer Ubuntu versions may support HiDPI better.


Wifi connection unstable Ubuntu 14.04.3 with RTL8188CUS USB dongle

Connect to internet by wire and run in terminal

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rtl8192cu-dkms

reboot and test the dongle.


Ubuntu 20.04 Elantech touchpad not working

This is a kind of a bug in Ubuntu 20.04 where xorg-synaptics is in use when it shouldn't be.
This can be fixed by
sudo apt remove xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

The touchpad should start working with libinput after a logoff or reboot.


The above error can be fixed by the following options:

Open the the syslinux folder in the root of the flash drive.
Inside is a file called syslinux.cfg you’ll want to edit that.
Find the line “ui gfxboot bootlogo” and simply remove the "ui".
Save and try booting again.

Here is the sample syslinux.cfg file:

# D-I config version 2.0
include menu.cfg
default vesamenu.c32
prompt 0
timeout 50
gfxboot bootlogo

You can solve the problem by typing help and pressing enter twice.

Hope this helps.


16.04 - How big should I provide for each partition?

From lsblk:

sda      8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk

├─sda1   8:1    0   476M  0 part /boot/efi

├─sda2   8:2    0  93.1G  0 part /

├─sda3   8:3    0 830.5G  0 part /home

└─sda4   8:4    0   7.5G  0 part [SWAP]

This is my system with a 1Tb hard drive. I usually do:
-500mb is for my EFI Partition
-75Gb and up if you have the space for / the root
-X2 your RAM for Swap for laptops
-Whatever is left for /home - where your data is stored (music, pictures, videos, documents)

I HIGHLY encourage the use of /home as it left me do clean reinstalls without losing my data but keep a backup just incase.


How (or is it possible) to run code inside of /etc/network/interfaces?

I found multiple solutions. 1 of them is with pre-up, (Thansk fkraiem)

This requires that macchanger is installed.
/etc/network/interfaces looks like this:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
pre-up macchanger -m `echo '00 60 2f'$(od -An -N3 -t xC /dev/urandom) | sed -e 's/ /:/g'` $IFACE

The second solution is the correction of my originally incorrect configuration.This solution doesn't require that macchanger is installed

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
hwaddress ether `echo '00 60 2f'$(od -An -N3 -t xC /dev/urandom) | sed -e 's/ /:/g'`


16.04 uses Intel HD Graphics instead of Radeon

Ubuntu 16.04 doesn't support the AMD Catalyst(fglrx) drivers anymore. As such, the system will try its best to use other drivers(like the Intel) to make it work. If you are okay with just browsing the Internet, typing and listening to music, that's okay. If you want to play games, unfortunately you won't be, since the drivers provided are just enough for lightweight stuff.

Canonical say: “AMD won’t support fglrx on 16.04, period”. So I guess Intel drivers will be the best option for your Raedon, until someone does something.


Try turning off fast boot options from Windows power options. Then you don't have to mount your partitions again.


I also had this issue. As an aside, MonoDevelop (with the ASP.NET add-in) still works fine in Ubuntu 14.04 and 14.10, so I am unsure what has changed to make it not work in Ubuntu 16.04.

In my case, this was enough to push me off Ubuntu and over to Fedora (with CentOS servers for my Mono/ASP.NET application). Fedora 23 runs MonoDevelop with ASP.NET and NUnit perfectly, straight out of the box.

I found a question about this on Stack Overflow a few weeks ago, and I note that it has just had a response from someone claiming that they have found a resolution: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36101232/asp-net-template-not-found-after-installed-monodevelop-ide-on-ubuntu-16-04

UPDATE: There is a confirmed resolution to this issue at the SO link above. I have created a step by step resolution (thanks to Abu for the original post) that will guide you through it.

UPDATE 2: I have written this up as a blog post on my website, so hopefully this brings further attention to this issue, which really shouldn't be happening in an LTS. The full post is at https://brendaningram.com/article/how-to-fix-monodevelop-on-ubuntu-16-04/

  This is how to resolve the issue:

  Firstly, setup using the following commands, which are as per the
  official Mono installation instructions, but with the change from
  wheezy to alpha.

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
echo "deb http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian alpha main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-xamarin.list
sudo apt-get update

  Then, install Mono itself:

sudo apt-get install mono-devel mono-complete ca-certificates-mono mono-xsp4

  Then, to install the specific version of MonoDevelop that gives you a
  working ASP.NET add-in:

sudo apt-get install monodevelop=5.10.0.871-0xamarin2

  I am not completely happy with this solution, obviously. A mainstream
  distribution such as Ubuntu (and especially their current LTS) should
  not have these kinds of regression issues. However, we at least have a
  resolution to the issue.

  Of note is that Fedora Workstation 23 has a working
  Mono/MonoDevelop/ASP.NET environment straight out of the box. While I
  have previously been a Debian/Ubuntu user, this issue was enough to
  push me across to Fedora, where I have been happily working away
  without a single bug or other issue. Will I stay with Fedora? That’s
  uncertain, but it has certainly been a pleasure to find an enjoyable
  and stable alternative to Ubuntu.


In ubuntu 14.04, grub is slowing down boot up of ubuntu. How to fix it?

I managed to cut down the grub time to about 1s, which is ok for me, by changing the following line(commenting):

GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0

to

#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0


It's probably going to be easiest to use the Add Network function in System Settings.  There's a screen that has the option for setting a Proxy.  I believe it's System Settings --> Network --> Proxy


The answer to this question is Policy Based routing.

One can use IP Tables to mark packets.

One can then create rules to manage the routes of those packets.

For those who want to take look these following links helped me find a working solution:

https://serverfault.com/questions/733705/iproute-rt-table-and-mark-not-working-on-linux?newreg=e441de6f7bfe41d09cc0b430c9700d40

http://davidstangeby.blogspot.co.za/2012/10/port-based-routing-in-ubuntu.html


PHP is not working well on Ubuntu 13.10 and mcrypt is missing in phpmyadmin

Try this for your mcrypt problem:

mv -i /etc/php5/conf.d/mcrypt.ini /etc/php5/mods-available/
sudo php5enmod mcrypt
sudo service apache2 restart

It's a bug with the location of the mcrypt.ini file, I got the info from here.

I had the same bug, I did a cp instead of a mv to be sure but it solved the problem.

For PHP not working, if you get phpmyadmin working (even with the mcrypt error), it means PHP is working (because phpmyadmin uses PHP).
But in your example <? echo $row['details']; ?> change <? to <?php and try again?


Installing Ubuntu over Debian without losing /home data

Is it possible to do so if (I think) the root and /home live on
  different partitions on the HDD.

You can install Ubuntu to the Debian root partition. After the install the system will reboot and you will have a fresh Ubuntu install. At this point you can add your /home partition in fstab to mount it. The advantage of doing it this way is that you get a clean install, and do not risk the installer overwriting your /home partition. Of course you have to make sure that you choose the Debian root partition to install to, and that you really do have /home and / on different partitions.


There don't appear to be a lot of Pages to OpenDocument Text converters, but luckily there are lots of Pages to Word Document converters, and LibreOffice can read Word documents. I suggest using this website here: https://cloudconvert.com/pages-to-docx.

It allows you to upload multiple documents securely and convert them to a Word document which LibreOffice can read. Later, you can convert them to OpenDocument Text inside of LibreOffice if you wish.

Be warned that if your documents have lots of complex formatting then this may get lost when converting between files.


How to single boot on surface pro 3 delete windows and format the ssd

Yes you can just let the ubuntu installer erase everything and do it's thing, there will be an option to erase disk and install (might even be the default)


No WiFi, Ubuntu 13.04 64 bit, notebook Asus X75VD

It looks like rfkill blocked your wifi.

Run this in Terminal:

sudo rfkill unblock wifi

With rfkill list you can check if your wifi is unblocked. After that you should be fine.

For more info regarding rfkill follow this link:

RF-Kill


Do I need a disc drive to install Ubuntu?

I presume you mean a CD/DVD disk drive. Then it's possible and easy to do. Read this tutorial.

However, if you do not have a hard disk drive, you can still install the OS on a USB stick (not to be confused with installing from it) . I wouldn't recommend this though.


Skype is reporting as out-of-date, APT disagrees

From the official download page:

  Important notice: All Skype for Linux clients version 4.3 and older will be retired on July 1, 2017. To keep chatting, please install the latest version of Skype for Linux.

Older versions of Skype for Linux (identified by package name skype) are as of now considered out of date and will be sunset soon. In order to continue using Skype, you will need to install the latest beta version (now linked to from the main page), package name skypeforlinux.

Uninstall the older Skype using the following command:

sudo apt remove skype skype-bin

Once the old Skype is uninstalled, install the new one:

wget https://go.skype.com/skypeforlinux-64.deb && \
sudo dpkg -i skypeforlinux-64.deb && sudo apt -f install && \
rm skypeforlinux-64.deb

From this point on, you will need to launch the "Skype For Linux" app, not the old "Skype" app.

If you'd rather use apt to install Skype For Linux, run these commands instead of the above install commands:

dpkg -s apt-transport-https > /dev/null || bash -c "sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https -y"
curl https://repo.skype.com/data/SKYPE-GPG-KEY | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.skype.com/deb stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/skype-stable.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install skypeforlinux

Any new updates to skypeforlinux will be distributed through APT.


you can try this command for shut down pc:-

$ sudo shutdown -P now

$ sudo shutdown -h 0

$ sudo reboot


I finally figured out how to fix the problem I had with Xpad. I created a script:

#!/bin/bash

sleep 3

xpad --hide &

and now it works. It was adding sleep 3 that let it work finally. Any lower value does not seem to work.


Files in Desktop folder not showing on Desktop

I had this issue when creating folders. My usual fix is just to restart Ubuntu and everything should start showing up again on the Desktop.


Unity frozen during upgrade from 12.10 to 13.04

I've been getting occasional compositor lockups with my Intel graphics -- apparently they're right on the verge of fixing it. If you have ssh installed, you can try to hop into your machine that way from another one you have on hand ... though I recognize that's a bit complicated for most users.


can Lubuntu install softwares for debian/redhat/suse/ubuntu?

Software designed for Ubuntu is typically be compatible with Lubuntu. Red Hat and SUSE use a different package format altogether (RPM instead of DEB), so those packages won't be compatible with Lubuntu (or Ubuntu or Debian for that matter).


I finally figured out my problem. I needed the boot flag for my second primary partition on each device

RAID5 device #0 - 4.0 GB Linux Software RAID Array
     #1             4.0 GB     K  swap     swap
RAID5 device #1 - 1.0 TB Linux Software RAID Array
     #1             1.0 TB     K  ext4     /
/dev/nvme0n1 - 512.1 GB INTEL SSDPEKNW512GB
     #1  primary    2.0 GB     K  raid
     #2  primary  510.1 GB  B  K  raid
/dev/nvme1n1 - 512.1 GB INTEL SSDPEKNW512GB
     #1  primary    2.0 GB     K  raid
     #2  primary  510.1 GB  B  K  raid
/dev/nvme2n1 - 512.1 GB INTEL SSDPEKNW512GB
     #1  primary    2.0 GB     K  raid
     #2  primary  510.1 GB  B  K  raid


This may help you.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/How%20to%20install%20Ubuntu%20on%20MacBook%20using%20USB%20Stick

Harsha


Trying to setup a mail server on ubuntu 14.04

It looks to me like something goes wrong with SSL connection setup. In effect there's no proper authentication done and disconnection.

Maybe verify your Thunderbird settings related to encryption? Have you accepted the self-signed certificate in Thunderbird when connecting?


Using screen command with aws ec2 start-up script doesn't work

It ended up being a permission issue. AWS EC2 start-up scripts runs as root, therefore it was not able to find the java command neither the minecraft folder, because those were accessible only from the ec2-user (which was the one that i ssh'ed with)

So the solution was to change the command from the start-server-on-boot.sh script that sits inside /var/lib/cloud/scripts/per-boot to the following:

runuser -l ec2-user -c 'screen -dmS "minecraft" ~/minecraft/start_server.sh'

That way it was able to find both the minecraft folder and the java command and the screen session got created with the server up


1. dnsmasq and Network Manager
As yourself from a few days in the future: your understanding is correct.
Note, however, that Network Manager launches an instance of dnsmasq as a child process (not a separate daemon) and keeps its own set of dnsmasq configuration settings.
2. Can I see how dnsmasq is handling a particular DNS lookup?
Sorry, I still don't know.
3. Can I instruct dnsmasq to use a particular DNS server for the local domain?
Yes, the --server option in dnsmasq (manpage here) allows you to specify upstream DNS servers for specific domains.
You can pass this option to Network Manager's invocation of dnsmasq. I did this by creating a file in the directory /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d/ with the contents:
server=//192.168.0.1

Normally, this line would be server=/domain/<ipaddr>; in this case the empty domain specification means "unqualified names only", such as localserver in your example (as opposed to localserver.domain).
How I fixed your immediate problem
The above change still didn't fix things. I verified that this was loaded (service NetworkManager status shows a log entry dnsmasq[<pid>]: using nameserver 192.168.0.1#53 for unqualified names), but it still returns NXDOMAIN on lookups. So I settled on the following hack:
The local machines I'm connecting to all have static IPs, so I manually specified these in a file in /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d with the contents:
address=/localserver/192.168.0.13
address=/localserve2/192.168.0.14
[...and so on...]


Ubuntu appears twice in UEFI boot options

No it's not bad...

It's not beautiful neither, but it's not bad.  Knowing that UEFI gives lots of people trouble, ignore it!  Don't try to fix a working system!


While installing the system, installer program must ask you for a username and password. This user have full sudo permissions.
Ubuntu block root user by default.

You can login using that username and password and use sudo to run commands as root.


As you are booting up your computer, hold the  SHIFT  key to boot into Grub
and if that doesn´t work, try holding  ESC  or  Enter.  You should only have to hold them for about 3-5 seconds, if that doesn't work, make sure Grub is installed.


There is an application which can move and rename the files in a single command line - exiftool

sudo apt install libimage-exiftool-perl

In my case, the specific command line used was

exiftool  '-FileName<DateTimeOriginal' -d <path-to-output-dir>/%Y/%m-%B/%Y%m%d_%H%M%S%%-c.%%e . -r

or

exiftool  '-FileName<CreateDate' -d <path-to-output-dir>/%Y/%m-%B/%Y%m%d_%H%M%S%%-c.%%e . -r

depending upon which tag is present in the images.  If the requested tag is not present, the application throws a warning and does not move that file, but continues processing.  This application also handles multiple images with the same date/time by appending a numeric to the end of the filename.

I did have several images without exif data, and I was able to add exif data to the images with the command

exiftool -createdate='2011:12:04 12:00:00' * -overwrite_original

As an example, I placed some images in a directory ~/aa/test1 and ran the tool, placing the output in ~/aa/test2.  The results are below:

chick@dad:~/aa$ tree .
.
├── test1
│   ├── DSC00018.JPG
│   ├── DSC00022.JPG
│   ├── DSC00024.JPG
│   ├── DSC00025.JPG
│   ├── DSC00026.JPG
│   ├── DSC00028.JPG
│   ├── DSC00031.JPG
│   ├── DSC00033.JPG
│   └── Thumbs.db
└── test2
    └── 2000
        └── 12-December
            ├── 20001222_185523.JPG
            ├── 20001222_200726.JPG
            ├── 20001222_200819.JPG
            ├── 20001222_201205.JPG
            ├── 20001222_201223.JPG
            ├── 20001222_210536.JPG
            ├── 20001222_211858.JPG
            └── 20001222_215950.JPG


Hi and welcome to askubuntu,

It seems you're interested in the security of your computer, which is good. The first thing you should do is not login as root if you do not need to. This is pretty much the biggest security risk you can have.

Having said that, the easiest way to 'lock' your windows partition is probably not to mount it in the first place (or mount it read-only). You can change this by editing /etc/fstab and comment out the line that is your windows partition by placing a # in front of it. You do need to use sudo to edit /etc/fstab, so be carefull. If you comment the line out you can undo it by removing the # again.

To figure out which partition your windows partition is you can use the GUI method of disks or system monitor, via cli you can use sudo fdisk -l.


Mistakenly deleted files recursively from '/' on my still running server

By running the command rm -R /* you told it to recursively delete all, starting from /. This is likely very much more than just /bin.

Your server now is in a highly unstable state and needs restore from backup.

Only in case you have no backups, and your system is on an ext3 or ext4 partition, and you can still run it (which is not very likely I am afraid), you may try to recover files using extundelete but you may not be able to recover all files, at least not to an extent to have a reliably stable system back.


OK, it wasn't bogus.

Turns out the script

/etc/update-motd.d/92-unattended-upgrades

produces this message at login.

This script references

/usr/share/unattended-upgrades/update-motd-unattended-upgrades

which in turn looks at the contents of

/var/lib/unattended-upgrades/kept-back

In my case this last file was non-blank because unattended-upgrades tried to update vino, which I have pinned to an old version on this Lubuntu box, because the latest version removes the options dialog.

Deleting /var/lib/unattended-upgrades/kept-back made the message go away - but only till the next time unattended-upgrades ran.

But there was nothing in the logs that it told me to reference about it!!


Settings not changing through gsettings command

You were changing configuration using gsettings for your user. GDM doesn't run as your user, but uses an account made for it (usually called gdm). That setting has to be changed for the gdm user.

Something like

# as root, or with sudo
su --shell /bin/bash --login gdm
# in gdm's shell
dbus-launch --exit-with-session gsettings set org.gnome.login-screen disable-user-list true


This seems to be a common problem for those of us with ATI/Radeon graphics cards. See bug 285603.

From what I can tell, the proprietary ATI drivers cause problems with Xorg especially if they exist alongside the opensource ATI drivers.

Try uninstalling any proprietary ATI drivers (fglrx) and install the open-source ATI drivers instead. The open-source drivers are called 'ati' or 'radeon'.

This is a common problem, and the steps are pretty well documented.

Uninstall using the instructions on this page. Try the "Problem: Need to purge -fglrx" instructions first, and move to "Problem: Need to fully remove -fglrx and reinstall -ati from scratch" if necessary.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Troubleshooting/FglrxInteferesWithRadeonDriver .

Then follow these instructions to install the Radeon driver.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RadeonDriver

If you really want the proprietary fglrx  driver, you should still consider replacing the proprietary drivers with the Radeon drivers first, so that you can make your system stable first. Once your system is stable, then try experimenting with the ATI proprietary drivers. Stability first, otherwise your experimentation will become very difficult.


Sound is completely gone after temporarily muting my computer

Open alsamixer in terminal. You should then see all output possibilities of your sound card. Check that all bars (where possible) are set to 00 instead of MM. You mute/unmute with by pressing the m-key. When unmuting master for example, you will still need to manually regulate the volume once (by the indicator for example) to hear an effect. I hope that helps.


You can reset all the pulseaudio User Configuration

rm - rf .config/pulse; pulseaudio -k

This file is known to get corrupted, and you said you did an upgrade so this seem plausible.


Is there a way to export/import the System Settings?

So far I've found that directories ~/.gconf/desktop/gnome/ and ~/.gconf/apps/metacity/ holds most of the config file of what I tweaked.

I guess there's no simple way to make a complete export of one's config, but instead a lot of config files for each app edited.


Wifi Slow when connected to bluetooth on 18.04 Ubuntu

The driver iwlwifi is a driver for Intel wireless devices. Your driver is ath9k and is for Atheros devices.

First, let’s do some cleanup. We’ll remove the ineffective parameter:

sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/wlp3s0.conf

The change you made to iwlwifi.conf will be ignored since the driver isn’t used.

Next, try:

sudo -i
echo "options ath9k btcoex_enable=1 bt_ant_diversity=1"  >  /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf
exit

Reboot and let us hear your report.

Reference: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1746164

Also, please note that bluetooth operates at 2.45 GHz; very close to channel 9 in wifi. It may be helpful to set your router to a fixed channel, not auto-select, and as far away as possible, channel 1, to see if it helps.


This is happening because you don't have the GUI installed in your version of Ubuntu. To solve this, type the following commands after you login to Ubuntu and get this - kelly@kellybrown

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
sudo reboot

You need a working internet connection for this.

OR

You might have to reinstall Ubuntu.

By the way, have you downloaded the correct iso? You can download the desktop version of Ubuntu from this page on the official site.


How can I recursively check folders with flac files for corruption?

Using bash 4's globstar, this will recursively find all flac files from the current directory, and output the error code and filename for the ones with errors and warnings.

#!/usr/bin/env bash
shopt -s globstar

for file in ./**/*.flac; do
    flac -wst "$file" 2>/dev/null || printf '%3d %s\n' "$?" "$file"
done

The manual does not document what error codes it exits with for different types of errors, therefore I added the error code in the output, maybe you can see a pattern from it.


GNOME Settings Won't Launch in Ubuntu 19.10

Finally I fixed this issue by installing Nvidia driver.

Details:
For days I have been frustrated by not only the issue mentioned above, but also significantly longer boot time (from 20s to around 60s) ,and frequently hanging shutdown process. What's more, the Gnome destkop easily got frozen, I had to reset my laptop.

Then I investigated dmesg output, and spotted some errors about nouveau complained by kernel during booting. Then I realized I have not installed Nvidia driver yet. The graphic card on my ThinkPad T480s is of "Nvidia GeForce MX150" model. By default, this device uses nouveau driver.

I installed nvidia-driver-435 and rebooted. All set now. My 19.10 works as good as 19.04 before.

Actually I cannot say my nvidia driver installation is complete because nvidia-smi command output indicates error.

$ nvidia-smi
NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn't communicate with the NVIDIA driver. Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.

Yet I have little knowledge of nvidia graphic card and am happy as Gnome desktop works fine as before (and 19.10 now boots and shuts down smoothly).

I have also found two workarounds :
1. Boot with an older kernel version. 19.10 by default uses 5.3.0-19-generic, here the older kernel version options available on my screen are 5.3.0-18-generic and 5.0.0-31-generic. At least the problem with gnome setting disappears in 5.3.0-18-generic.
2. Set "nomodeset" flag in kernel.
But workaround #1 is awkward to me, and workaround #2 is not recommended by some discussion threads around.


Adding a template directory to the template directory

You'd better write a script that create your directory structure
Adapt the script for Nautilus
Put the script in the Nautilus script folder ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts make it executable and browse a first time to the scripts folder with Nautilus.
Find more information about Nautilus scripts : https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NautilusScriptsHowto
Sample script matching your need
#!/bin/bash
# Get Working Dir
if [ "$1" = "" ];then
    wdir=${NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI#file://}
    wdir=${wdir//%20/ }
else
    filetype=$(file "$1")
    filetype=${filetype##*: }

    if [ "$filetype" = "directory" ];then
        wdir=${NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS%%$1*}
        wdir=$wdir/$1
    else
        wdir=${NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS%%$1*}
    fi
fi

# Create file structure
mkdir '${wdir}/mydir'
touch '${wdir}/mydir/myfile'


Restore Ubuntu 16.04 without losing files and settings

Boot from a live DVD, mount your partitions and copy the files you need to backup to a USB disk or to google drive or something similar.

Your personal settings will be inside your /home/. Server settings though can be scattered all over the place. Hosting a website on that system? Have a database running?

The least risk next would be to re-install without formatting home or with "keeping your personal documents" by =replacing= your current Ubuntu.

  It's absolutely vital for me to restore it without losing any file and most importantly any settings

Time to become very serious.

If that is vital to you I would claim you should have several tested backups and a restore plan for every personal file and setting I made in my system. Otherwise I claim you do not act like it is vital to you.


Plex is not working properly in Ubuntu 15.04 and now I can't even remove it

To remove the plex error I followed this article Fix annoying "The package needs to be reinstalled but I can't find an archive for it" error in Linux Mint and Ubuntu.

sudo rm -f /etc/init.d/plexmediaserver &&
sudo dpkg --purge --force-all plexmediaserver
sudo apt-get purge plexmediaserver
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/plexmediaserver
sudo userdel plex
sudo rm /etc/init/plexmediaserver.conf
sudo rm /etc/default/plexmediaserver

After all the above steps I downloaded plex from Software Center. that vertion is so old. I then upgraded to this version:
plexmediaserver_0.9.11.7.803-87d0708_amd64
And this version is kind of working okay.

And now everything is working perfectly for me.


How can I make Devanagari fonts render properly in Ubuntu 16.04?

Install the fonts-deva package, if you haven't already done so. Then create the file ~/.config/fontconfig/conf.d/10-prefer-devanagari.conf with the following contents:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>
        <alias>
                <family>serif</family>
                <prefer>
                        <family>Lohit Devanagari</family>
                </prefer>
        </alias>
        <alias>
                <family>sans-serif</family>
                <prefer>
                        <family>Lohit Devanagari</family>
                </prefer>
        </alias>
        <alias>
                <family>monospace</family>
                <prefer>
                        <family>Lohit Devanagari</family>
                </prefer>
        </alias>
</fontconfig>