You could use installwatch (sudo apt install checkinstall). It uses a preloaded library to intercept, log, and complete system calls.


Is there a software utility to adjust screen gamma/brightness/contrast?

Redshift

I have been using this. It's very nice.

sudo apt install redshift

To use it just type in the terminal redshift.

gtk-redshift is just the GUI, not required.

f.lux is also an option (proprietary, closed source).


Mount external devices into home with specialised folder icons

One of the possible ways is using Ubuntu tweak.

Open ubuntu tweak and go to Admins >
User folder and then click on the folder you want to change. Click on "Change" and browse to the folder which you want to mount on.

You should mount these drives on boot for nautilus to detect those folders everytime you reboot. For this, add those partitions to /etc/fstab.

To know how to do this, see this question:

Add an entry to fstab


Once I tried what you wish with no success.

After that, I made a new USB Startup Disk wit usb-creator-gtk (The USB Startup Disk Creator), and before making it I chosen "Stored in reserved extra space" under "When Starting up from this disk, documents and settings will be:", moved the slider to the right and made the startup disk.

After that, the disk features a partition in which the data is saved each time I work on it.

That way, I can use this disk to perform live sessions and save data or the day by day work.

In the next screenshot, the area that I refer above is grey as disabled, because of the Disk to use features 0.00 free bytes.


You have to be running GNOME Shell when looking to add/change GNOME extensions.

If you are running GNOME Shell, and still having problems, then...

You need to install this:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shell

and then add this web browser add-on, if it's not already there:

GNOME Shell Integration 8.2.1


Which one is better for Ubuntu? ARM or Intel?

Since you're looking for optimization for speed, that will go more likely to the hard drive. Hard drives are tipically sorted on two actual general options. 5400RPM hard drives are cheaper, and generally you get laptops with that. (Watch out since you may pay lots of $$ for a big sized hdd with slow speed.)

7200RPM hard drives have a better speed, but they've a more expensive price.
SSD drives are something totally different. SSDs make your boot amazingly faster, (watch some youtube videos of comparisons). SSDs are very reliable, make no-noise. However, SSDs are way too expensive, and they usually sort small capacity drives.

You should check what are your needs in order to know what kind of drive you need.

On the other hand, ARM processors have some architectural limits, as far as I know, Ubuntu on ARM will not let you get flash-video and other vital stuff. Still ARM is a very hard-to-warm processor. That's why tablets don't have fans, like laptops.
As for today, Windows 7 will not run on any ARM processor. (Win8 is supposed to do so.)

Common processor architectures, (x86, for 32-bit, x64, for 64-bit) are the tipical and most recommended choices. They are compatible for anything in general. Also they are SUPPOSED to be faster, (might as well be that ARM processors usually have low clock speeds). I recommend you getting a x64 processor, either from AMD or INTEL.

If you need anything except hardcore gaming, go INTEL, they architecture is proven to be a little step ahead to AMD's. However, AMD's crossfire technology (make the AMD processor work hand to hand with a ATI graphics chipset) is something to considerate).

If you do worry about heating, AMD's brand new APU (combination of graphics card and processor into a single chipset) is really great at keeping things cool.

But you now, over every actual processor, (Intel Core i' series or AMD A' series), most speed for opening things comes more from the hard drive on your system.

I know it may be confusing, but I just tried to explain everything so you can go for your best choice. Good luck! ;)


Your problem

invoke-rc.d: initscript postgresql, action "start" failed.
dpkg: error processing package postgresql-common (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1

My solution

the Short way

sudo rm /etc/init.d/postgresql
sudo rm /etc/init/postgresql.conf
sudo apt-get remove postgresql

or the Long way

Open the file /var/lib/dpkg/info/postgresql-common.postinst

sudo nano /var/lib/dpkg/info/postgresql-common.postinst

Search the line with the start command:

if [ -x "/etc/init.d/postgresql" ] || [ -e "/etc/init/postgresql.conf" ]; then
        invoke-rc.d postgresql start || exit $?
fi

comment the block out

# if [ -x "/etc/init.d/postgresql" ] || [ -e "/etc/init/postgresql.conf" ]; then
#        invoke-rc.d postgresql start || exit $?
# fi

Remove the package again.

sudo apt-get remove postgresql

Explanation

During the removal of the postgresql, the script postgresql-common.postinst is called. The script tries to start the service postgresql and will fail invoke-rc.d postgresql start (ask me not why).

This must be prevented. Either by changing the conditions by which the code is executed. Or by the removal of the code itself.


Why can I not install the 'gir1.2-gwibber-gtk-0.2' package?

It appears you have installed a version of gwibber from a PPA which breaks the packages in Ubuntu.

The version of the API in the newer version is now 0.3, so if you install gir1.2-gwibber-gtk-0.3 instead, the install should work for you.


Evolution cannot send mail from Yahoo or Hotmail

This may be the configuration of the SMTP server. Some SMTP servers will require an authentication, which usually is your username/password used for POP. Also, the SMTP server to use is the one from your internet provider, not necessarily the one from your email provider (if you use Outlook or GMail, for example). Check with your ISP.

There also may be some configuration issue for the port and the SSL/TLS option.


Simple solution, with the last OS install, I didn't include the System76 PPA that contains the hardware drivers. Appears to be fine now.


If you specify a directory as parameter for cmake, it will change into that directory and searches for the CMakeLists.txt file. See also the cmake manpage for more information.
In your command, you specified and invalid directory: …/opencv. Three dots is not a valid directory in Linux. You propaly need to change it into ../opencv to work. But It really depends, where the opencv folder is


32-bit program has a dependency on a 64-bit library

Binary programs require shared libraries compiled for the same CPU architecture, in this case i386, Intel's 32-bit architecture. On Ubuntu installations using amd64, AMD's and Intel's 64-bit architecture, you can install the latter in addition to the "native" architecture.

Preparation

If you haven't done so, enable the "foreign" architecture and update the package repository index:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt update

Package installation

libboost_system.so.1.55.0, the shared library in question comes in the package libboost-system1.55.0 (see also How do I find the package that provides a file?). You can ask the package manager to install a package for a specific architecture if you append a colon (:) and the name of the architecture:

sudo apt install libboost-system1.55.0:i386


Can't install Ubuntu 17.10! It crashes when I try to set Partitions

As it comes up with a blank table with things like Mount Point and Create New Partition Table and when I try to press +, -, or Change the system crashes.

I read your question when searching for an answer for my own problem as I noticed the same symptoms when attempting to setup a dual boot configuration on a laptop.

In my case the root cause was that the disk controller (Intel RST Premium) implements software RAID and it appears Intel do not make drivers available.

The good news was that I could change the controller to AHCI in the UEFI settings. After this change the installer was able to see the disk and all of its partitions.

A more detailed explanation is in the answer to this question: Trouble installing ubuntu for dual boot along with win 10. The installation type table is empty.

I am making an assumption the disk is present and will mount on another operating system (i.e. Windows). Ideally I would have preferred to check this with a comment, but unfortunately have sufficient reputation to make a comment.


I ended up just using the boot repair instructions instead. That still didn't fix the problem but it led me back into the UEFI BIOS where I went into "Secure Boot" and I changed the option from "Windows" to "Other OS". Finally, this fixed the problem for me.


Ubuntu does not keep settings for dual-monitor setup, how can I correct this?

It's quite possible that you aren't starting up your monitor settings with admin rights. Try bringing up the terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) and typing the following:

  sudo gnome-control-center display

(After this, you'll put in your password and press enter)


Media autoplays when USB drive is opened from the Unity menu

Try this -

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list

Look in the [Default Applications] section  for a line

inode/directory=nautilus-folder-handler.desktop

delete the complete line, save

There is a new nautilus that fixes this for upgraders but still is in proposed, the above action will take care of this for you

bug I have on this
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nautilus/+bug/876788


Ubuntu 18.04 freezes when I connect a second monitor via HDMI (worked fine on 17.10)

Many thanks for a speedy response regarding my multi-monitor snag.  I have tried your suggestion i.e. change to Wayland in the Log-in screen.  Unfortunately the snag still persists.  All I receive over the HDMI connection is the Ubuntu wallpaper but nothing else e.g. no cursor nor task bar etc.  When trying to revert to the image the laptop itself is using does not over-ride that being shown on the second screen. As a non-technical user, is there something missing in 18.04 that would quickly resolve this? There are no similar snags with the laptop's stand-by Windows 7 OS,it just connects over the HDMI automatically.  Kind regards. Tim


phablet-flash: Installation is taking too long

phablet-flash ubuntu-system -d mako -b --pending

Should put you there. Nexus shouldn't need any --channel devel


i see that you are using Nexus4

how about tethering your device to Ubuntu?

btw what method that u r using to connect your phone with Ubuntu?

USB tether? or Wifi?


I'm with Ubuntu 14.04 and a GeForce 750 ti, too. I had to go through the same procedure to actually get my machine to boot. Now, originally I just downloaded the driver and installed it manually. At first it seemed to have worked, but I later ran into problems. I guess they were cause by me, making some mistakes at some point in the manual process, but at any rate, I could not solve them and had to re-install Ubuntu.

The second time I went with adding the edger's PPA and installed the driver from there. It worked like a charm, since all necessary changes were applied for me (blacklisting nouveau, for example).

The stability of the driver can be questioned - I have a lot of weird flickering (mostly in the browser; not at all in games) and some other mysterious issues, but none of them are show stoppers.

Regarding whether or not you automatically receive updates: good questions, I'd love to know the answers to these myself. What I do know is that once you've added the edger's PPA, you can simply select from all available drivers within the software center. See Screenshot: http://imgur.com/VHrT44l

About the kernel/upgrade, I have no idea. And that said, sorry for the incomplete answer - I wanted to write a comment, but my reputation didn't allow it. I still wanted to share the little info I had. Hope this helped and I'm not breaking any rules.


Avro Bengali keyboard switches to Malay (Jawi) after upgrade to Ubuntu 17.04

This seems to happen because of the new XKB symbols file bn which was created as a fix of this bug. As far as I can tell that file is redundant, since the name of the layout - Malay (Jawi) - is already present in the symbols file my. Currently there are two entries named Malay (Jawi) in the list of input sources.

Anyway, removing or renaming the bn symbols file seems to fix this issue.

cd /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols
sudo mv bn bn.bak

Edit:

I filed this bug, which has been accepted and will affect version 2.21 of xkb-data.

Edit II:

The issue is also about to be fixed in v2 of ibus-avro.

Edit III:

It seems moving the file make wayland session on latest Ubuntu inaccessible. Also the developers of ibus-avro suggested another workaround which fixes the issue without interfering with wayland session. This is documented here

In short, you need to edit the file at /usr/share/ibus/component/ibus-avro.xml

sudo vim /usr/share/ibus/component/ibus-avro.xml

On line 20, change

<layout>bn</layout>

to

<layout>us</layout>

Save the file and restart your session.


If you want to remove an entry from boot menu
you just need to edit /boot/grub/grub.cfg
remove the appropriate entry


Network manager auto-connect to wifi-network fails

I had the same issue when I upgraded to 13.10 and I couldn't figure it out either. So I went to the internet and did some research and found a command that resets the network services. Type in this command: sudo service network-manager restart. This command stops my network connection and reconnects automatically, like it should. I have since upgraded my kernel manually and I have not had this issue since (might be a coincidence).

Good luck!

~Gomeazy


Dual Boot Windows 10 and Linux Ubuntu on Separate Hard Drives, error "INACCESSIBLE BOOT DEVICE"

Look at this:

http://h30434.www3.hp.com/t5/Notebook-Hardware-and-Upgrade-Questions/Installing-a-second-hard-drive-in-a-HP-ENVY-15/td-p/3981312

The mSSD slot is supposed to be and is designed to be used only for a
hard drive acceleration cache...usually 24 or 32 gigs. It allows the speed
of an SSD to leverage the performance of the main regular hard drive. It is
close to rocket science. It is technically possible to work around the way
HP has set it up with limits in the BIOS and such but it is not really
designed for that mSSD slot to be used to hold a storage sized drive to be
used as an ordinary mounted volume or the main boot drive. Again, possible,
but it takes a degree in computer engineering to accomplish.


Network Manager stops working after an update to ca-certificates

You may as well try to run this command from the terminal as this worked for me:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libnss3:i386 libnss3


How to combine JPG-file and MP3-file to MP4-file using FileManager-Actions?

Filemanager actions uses the same placeholder symbols as these used in .desktop launcher files. This can answer your question in what placeholder symbols to use.

%F is the placeholder that returns all selected files on separate lines. In the simplest, but not foolproof way, you will need to have the discipline to select first the audio file then the picture file (or vice versa). Then you read the first file from %F into a variable AUDIO and the second file into a variable PICTURE. Finally, you execute your command, substituting $AUDIO" for the audio file and "$PICTURE" for the image file. Use the quotes so spaces in file names are handled correctly.

To make it more foolproof, you may want to add some more code to have your script check and prepare before executing the actual command to join the files by reading and analyzing the list of files. This would also have the advantage of being able to select audio and picture file in any order, and would prevent unexpected issues if inappropriate files were selected.

Your script thus should:

Check whether precisely two files are selected or quit with an error message (you can use zenity for this) if this is not the case;
Identify which one is the video file and which one is the graphic (the file command is usefull here) and assign each of the file names to an appropriate variable, i.e. AUDIO for the music file and PICTURE for the image. Throw an error and quit if (one of) the selected files are not valid.

If all this is good, the script proceeds by executing the command.


Ubuntu Server 16.04 Nvidia GT218-ION Driver

I installed the nvidia-340 from the repository and after that removed unity-greeting.

after a apt-get autoremove also all the other gui stuff got removed

Its working for now but it stays weird that a graphics driver installs unity and gnome stuff


Note that this assumes your display manager is lightdm! I've no idea what comes on the mini iso.

From a stock 18.04 Ubuntu system overlaid with LXDE:

I created /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf with these contents:

You will need to create an /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf with these contents:

[Seat:*]
autologin-guest=false
autologin-user=<YOUR USER>
autologin-user-timeout=0

[SeatDefaults]
allow-guest=false

It autologins in as YOUR USER nicely.


You can edit /etc/default/grub and find the line that looks like

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

and remove the quiet splash parameters, which may leave the line looking like

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""

After editing, run sudo update-grub
and you should boot without the Kubuntu loading screen


How to close only one window of an application?

Probably the easiest option is using wmctrl -c. You might have to install it first:

~$ sudo apt-get install wmctrl

then to close a window named "example" (no matter what application it belongs to), use the command:

~$ wmctrl -c "example"

More options

However, there are many more options to close a specific window, depending on your "angle of incidence".

A few examples:

To close a specific window by clicking on it:

~$ wmctrl -c :SELECT:
[then click on the window to be closed]

To close a specific window by its numeric id:

~$ wmctrl -ic <numeric_id>

To close the active window:

~$ wmctrl -c :ACTIVE:

To use the pid to get a list of windows, owned by a specific application (e.g. gedit):

~$ pidof gedit
22576

~$ wmctrl -l -p | grep 22576
0x04600085  0 22576  jacob-System-Product-Name get.sh (~/Bureaublad) - gedit
0x0461aee4  0 22576  jacob-System-Product-Name verhaal (~/Bureaublad) - gedit
0x0461b0a1  0 22576  jacob-System-Product-Name *Niet-opgeslagen document 1 - gedit

then close the specific window get.sh by either:

wmctrl -c get.sh

or:

wmctrl -ic 0x04600085

If you know only part of the window name, e.g. there is a window; monkey eats banana.txt, you know it has banana in its name,

first bring the window to front:

wmctrl -a banana

then decide if you want to close the window (as active window for example)

options are numerous, see also man wmctrl.
man wmctrl


Unity doesn't autostart on second X screen

As far as I know Unity will only show on the very first Monitor not the extended ones.
Unless they are TweenView and Cloned to Primary monitor. also if the Resolutions on the monitor are of different Size and ratio you may have to align the secondary monitors to overlay over the Unity portion of the main primary display.

Multiple monitor support is still kind of iffy on unity, and from what I read they will try to optimizes this on the next couple of releases of Ubuntu.


HP Officejet Pro 8720 with Ubuntu 20.04 can't scan from PC

The HP Linux Imaging and Printing site lists all supported printers.
The good news is that "HP OfficeJet Pro 8720 All-in-one Printer" is listed as a supported printer. Additionally the 7th column shows that "Scan to PC" is also supported for this model.
Install HPLIP (HP Linux Imaging and Printing)

Open a terminal
(Although most things in Ubuntu can be done using a GUI interface, I'll list the commands because it's more expedient and also easier to document the exact steps).

Ensure you have the software repository enabled
sudo apt-add-repository universe

This will automatically update your repositories, but you can also execute sudo apt update to manually update, if needed.

Install HPLIP
sudo apt install hplip

Optionally, install HPLIP GUI tools
sudo apt install hplip-gui

Setup your printer (HP OfficeJet Pro 8720 All-in-one Printer)

Get your printer's network name
On your printer's LCD control panel, drag the gray top-bar down, tap the network icon, and write down the Host Name.
The network name may be something like "HP_OfficeJet_Pro_8720".
(You can use your printer's IP address, but I highly recommend setting up your printer using its network name, because IP addresses can change).

Setup HPLIP to use your printer
On your Ubuntu computer, execute the following command.
Replace "HP_OfficeJet_Pro_8720" with the actual network name of your printer from the previous step.
Be sure to add .local at the end, as shown!
sudo hp-setup -i HP_OfficeJet_Pro_8720.local

Supply the following information when requested:

Please enter a name for this print queue (m=use model name:'psc_2500'*, q=quit) ?:
HP_8720_Printer

Does this PPD file appear to be the correct one (y=yes*, n=no, q=quit) ?
y

Enter a location description for this printer (q=quit) ?
If you want to leave this blank, just press Enter

Enter additional information or notes for this printer (q=quit) ?
HP OfficeJet Pro 8720 Printer

Please enter a name for this fax queue (m=use model name:'psc_2500_fax'*, q=quit) ?
HP_8720_Fax

Enter a location description for this printer (q=quit) ?
If you want to leave this blank, just press Enter

Enter additional information or notes for this printer (q=quit) ?
HP OfficeJet Pro 8720 Fax

Would you like to perform fax header setup (y=yes*, n=no, q=quit) ?
n

Would you like to print a test page (y=yes*, n=no, q=quit) ?
n

Make the printer default

In Ubuntu, open System Settings app
Select Printers in the left pane
Click the gear icon next to "HP_8720_Printer"
Check-mark "Use Printer by Default"

Test Scanning

Launch Simple Scan (aka. "Document Scanner")
Wait for "Searching for Scanners" to complete
You should see the message "Ready to Scan"
Select "HP HP_OfficeJet_Pro_8720" from the drop down
Click the Scan button in the header bar


Disk Space required for installation of Ubuntu

I don't think the installer will want to start unless there's a minimum of 5 or maybe 6GB of space available. I don't believe there is a maximum.

Minimum requirements for "butter smooth" I don't know, but the regular min requirements are here https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements

700 MHz processor (about Intel Celeron or better)
512 MiB RAM (system memory)
5 GB of hard-drive space (or USB stick, memory card or external drive but see LiveCD for an alternative approach)
VGA capable of 1024x768 screen resolution
Either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media
Internet access is helpful

And the link muru mentioned has great info on the other Ubuntu's too: What are the system requirements for each flavour of Ubuntu Desktop


Touchscreen problem - Ubuntu 14.04 LTS in Dell inspiron 13 serie 7000 (7348)

Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS installed on Dell inspiron 13 7000 series (7348). Here the results.

It works almost everything. What does not work is:

The touchpad, the first time I turned on the machine the trackpad worked more or less well: Left click OK, the two-finger scrolling OK, but the right-click did not work; from the second restart the trackpad does not work anymore, the arrow disappears even if the setting is on.
I read a similar problem here, this can be the solution?
Clickpad not working on Dell Inspiron 13 7000, running Ubuntu 14.04
I try.
The touchscreen, it works only in a basic, but it's the only way to move around. Single click OK, it does not work the zoom with two-finger touch and the touch prolonged that served (in windows) to right-click. So it's impossible to use it to take notes with the stylus, much less as a tablet because it does not react to the 360 ° screen rotation.

Can someone please help me?
I wait for answers, Thanks!

[UPDATE]

Touchpad problem SOLVED only doing 'blacklist i2c-hid' solution/workaround described here:

http://trustdarkness.com/wordpress/dell-sputnik-xps-13-touchpad-settings-not-working-in-updated-ubuntumint/

Now touchpad works in all its functions! :)

Touchscreen problem remains, it works with the basic function of the click. Does anyone know help me?


vsftpd-cannot read config file even when file exists

I had the same symptoms while trying to start vsftpd on an Ubuntu 16.04. In my case it was enough to comment out this line in /etc/vsftpd.conf:

listen_ipv6=YES

I don't know why i does not work with ipv6 for me, but I have no need for IP-v6 and disabling it solved the problem in my case.


I had the same problem as you and the only solution that worked for me was to upgrade the kernel as per the procedure is described in this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgRgUe3eWj0. However, I will post the steps here in case the link goes offline. However, this should be a last resort in case nothing else works. Make sure Secure Boot is turned off in the BIOS. Make a backup of your data before this.
Step 1: Add Cappelikan PPA
To do this, fire up a terminal and type:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cappelikan/ppa
Step 2: Make sure system is up to date and install Mainline
The Cappelikan PPA has Mainline in its repository, which is a reliable application for upgrading the kernel in Ubuntu.
To install Mainline and make sure the system is up to date, type this in the terminal one after another:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install mainline
Step 3: Upgrade kernel
Open up Mainline through the application menu. It should appear as 'Ubuntu Mainline Kernel Installer' (you may not see the full name, it might appear as 'Ubuntu Main...' or something along those lines)
Wait for the application to load, and it should show you a list of kernels to install. I suggest you go with a kernel that is 5.8 or above. Anyway, select a kernel and click 'Install'. The process will take some time.
Once its done, it'll tell you to close the window and restart.
Reboot and run uname -r in the terminal to check your kernel version. If it is the one you selected and installed earlier, you should be good to go and your brightness problem should be fixed.
Wish you best of luck. If you any more problems, don't hesitate to ask.


Can I have two separate fakeRAID disks with two separate controllers?

You understand that fake raid offers no acceleration whatsoever over Linux's mdadm driven software RAID implementation right? The only time using fake raid makes sense is when you have to share that disk with Windows or another OS that doesn't understand Linux MD.


How to play live microphone sound over speakers?

There are multiple ways.

Performous and UltraStar Deluxe look perfect for karaoke, and Guitarix should do as amp.


Virtualbox fails to start VMs after update

After requesting a dpkg -l *virtualbox* and reviewing it, it's obvious that an old version of the virtualbox-dkms is installed.

ii  virtualbox-5.1 5.1.12-11244 amd64        Oracle VM VirtualBox
ri  virtualbox-dkm 5.0.24-dfsg- all          x86 virtualization solution - ker

To solve the problem, you need to:

sudo dpkg -P virtualbox-dkms
sudo dpkg -P virtualbox-5.1

and then reinstall virtualbox-5.1 and the extensions pack.


How permanently remove or disable HSP/HFP bluetooth profile

Check out this answer: https://askubuntu.com/a/1119934/1025239
Copying the most important part, that just disables this "feature" the way like pulseaudio developers intended.
Open (sudo) /etc/pulse/default.pa and add auto_switch=false like this:
### Automatically load driver modules for Bluetooth hardware
ifexists module-bluetooth-policy.so
load-module module-bluetooth-policy auto_switch=false  # <---- !
.endif

Restart pulseaudio by just killing the running instance: pulseaudio -k. Done.You still can switch to the HFP profile, but there is no automatic switching any more.


As of 2019, I was having some issues trying to resize a Ubuntu 18.04 V.M. running on Hyper-V. Installing gparted:
sudo apt install gparted,
running it: sudo gparted
and going through the resizing process on the application's GUI solved my problem.
gparted GUI aid: https://youtu.be/cDgUwWkvuIY?t=330
EDIT: Apparently, this still works as far as Jan/2021 as this answer got upvotes recently.


Internet through different wifi does not work after sleep happens after Upgrade to 18.04

After upgrading, by default network manager was not managing eth0 and wlan0 interfaces defined in

  /etc/network/interfaces

To enable network manager to manage these interfaces, open

sudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

change

[ifupdown]
managed=false

To

[ifupdown]
managed=true

It solved the problem.


Microsoft All in One Media Keyboard Scrolling

I am using ubuntu 17.10 and the two finger scroll worked for me straight out of the box.

I've had this keyboard a mere minutes, but I am very happy with it. I don't think the backlit keys justified the extra money being sought and while the logitech k400 does have pg dn, pg up, home and ins keys, the larger track pad and spill resistance of the Microsoft product persuaded me me to purchase it instead.

As a linux novice I rely on reading forums for help, so I tbought I would reciprocate accordingly with where I could about what is a good product to purchase with a linux system.


Solution for by mistakenly deleting var folder from home directory

The /var directory is the place where the system writes data during the course of its operation. It's specific for each computer and contains variable data like system logging files, mail and printer spool directories, and transient and temporary files.

You got how important it is, so re-installation would be the solution once you have backed up your files.

Good luck buddy.


How to set JAVA_HOME to point to a JDK installation?

You should be able to use the whereis command to find where your JDK is installed.

whereis java

On my Ubuntu 12.04 install, OpenJDK has files located in /usr/bin/java, /usr/bin/X11/java, /usr/share/java, /usr/share/man/man1/java.1.gz. I'm guessing the Oracle version is located in the same directories.


Error when trying to copy directory content with rsync inside a shell script

Your first command, the one you have run directly in command line would not work either.

In bash (and all other shells), filename generation (AKA pathname expansion or glob expansion) will not take place when the tokens (e.g. *, ?, []) are put inside quotes (double and single) as the quote removal is done by shell after pathname expansion for any word, so the word is treated literally then.

So you need to keep * outside of quotes:

rsync -av src/main/resources/* azureuser@"$di".cloudapp.net:/home/azureuser/

I have not used any quotes here in any pathname, because unless you have spaces in the path you don't need quotes around a path.


Apache Install can't browse to localhost

Make sure if you install Apache within a VM that it is set up with Bridged networking


I know only one paste executable (/usr/bin/paste), it is contained in coreutils package. You can reinstall it with:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall coreutils

If it does not help you can try the following.
Usually it is absolutely not recommended but in your rare case I suggest to manually unpack contents of deb package with:

sudo dpkg -x /var/cache/apt/archives/util-linux_2.27.1-6ubuntu3.4_amd64.deb /


You will be able to use ubuntu, but you won't get any security update anymore.

You will have the option to upgrade to ubuntu 14.04 LTS when it's out or go back to ubuntu 12.04 wich still has 3 more years of support.


You need to add the Persian Keyboard layout.  Click the + sign to add

Choose the correct layout that suites you, and then click on Add

Click on Options to choose the key combination that you want, in your case Alt+Shift


How can I install a driver for an Intel 82573 Gigabit ethernet card?

This guide is a little old, but your card may be a mess made by Intel and never fixed:
http://thesorcerer.wordpress.com/2011/07/01/guide-intel-82573l-gigabit-ethernet-with-ubuntu-11-04-and-fix-pxe-e05/


Classic desktop combines window title bar with panel making windows unmovable and unresizeable

Ensure that compiz is running in your classic mode session and that your plugins (including window decoration) are correctly configured.


UBUNTU 12.04 installed on a 50GB partition, I've used 18, and Im told I am full. help?

Because you did not install Ubuntu into a 50 gb partition; you installed it with Wubi into a 17 gb file inside your Windows partition.


Is it possible to add a notification message when a VPN gets connected?

This is more like a hack but should work (works for me).

vpn-notify.py:

import gtk
import pynotify
import dbus
from dbus.mainloop.glib import DBusGMainLoop

def vpn_connection_handler(*args, **keywords):
    state = args[0].get('State',0)
    if state == 2:
        n = pynotify.Notification ("VPN", "Connection established")
        n.show()

pynotify.init ("icon-summary-body")

dbus_loop = DBusGMainLoop()

system_bus = dbus.SystemBus(mainloop=dbus_loop)
system_bus.add_signal_receiver(vpn_connection_handler,
    dbus_interface="org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.VPN.Connection",
    signal_name="PropertiesChanged")

gtk.gdk.threads_init()
gtk.main()

Run it with:

python vpn-notify.py

Establish the VPN connection.


My external hard disk got accidentally formatted

The command you ran formatted the drive to like a "super floppy" which basically formatted drive.

I wrote another answer here a while ago about file and partition recovery and using PhotoRec and Testdisk.

When in doubt of a command and what it does always look in the man pages.

~$ man mkdosfs

NAME
       mkfs.fat - create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux

DESCRIPTION
       mkfs.fat is used to create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux on a device
       (usually a disk partition).  DEVICE is the special  file  corresponding
       to the device (e.g. /dev/sdXX).  BLOCK-COUNT is the number of blocks on
       the device.  If omitted, mkfs.fat automatically determines the filesys‐
       tem size.

Which will format a drive to a MS-DOS filesystem.

The -n is only a name so no worries there, but the -I shows this:

   -I  It  is  typical  for  fixed  disk  devices to be partitioned so, by
       default, you are not permitted to create a  filesystem  across  the
       entire device.  mkfs.fat will complain and tell you that it refuses
       to work.  This is different  when  using  MO  disks.   One  doesn't
       always need partitions on MO disks.  The filesystem can go directly
       to the whole disk.  Under other OSes this is known as  the  'super‐
       floppy' format.  This switch will force mkfs.fat to work properly.

The last part shows that it forces mkfs.fat to work properly.  Which means that it forced the program to format the drive as a MS-DOS partition wiping out everything you had on it.  It will mount as a drive, but will not contain a normal partition on it like standard hard drives have.  If you don't write anything to that drive since the format, there is a chance that you can get everything back, but there is never a guarantee of getting it back.

Hope this helps!


The only solution I found was to go back to 16.04.  This 18.04 distribution appears to be a mess on many fronts.


NVidia Geforce GT240M Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS Driver & Graphic Problems

i solved similar issue by installing proprietary drivers for NVidia in
dash menu -> additional drivers.

there are plenty of them there, just try and see which works best for your GPU.

and if you have trouble locating or installing available nvidia drivers this article will help you.


Connecting to SSH/RDP/VNC through one machine?

This is very easy to achive using the localforward of ssh:

Lets say you have a host GATEWAY and a host RDPSERVER which is reachable from GATEWAY. You want to give your user access to RDPSERVER:5900 when logged in on GATEWAY.

Users log in to GATEWAY using

ssh -N -L 33642:RDPSERVER:5900 user@GATEWAY

This opens a port 33642 on the users machine, which is transparently forwarded to RDPSERVER:5900. So, user can fire up an RDP viewer, point it to localhost:33642 and all data will be encrypted and tunneld to GATEWAY and from there to RDPSERVER.
Once the user is logged in, he can check that the connection is up using

telnet localhost 33642

If you need several services to possibly different hosts, just add more instances of the -L parameter

On unix hosts, it may be best to distribute a ssh config file with the parameters.

As you can see, ssh has great features (and there is much more than localforward, check out remoteforwards and dynamic port forwards).


Speakers connected on rear audio panel don't work on ubuntu 16.04

I already saw the solution with disabling auto-mute in AlsaMixer but when I opened it it showed me nothing except small rectangle with <S/PDIF> below it. So I gave up on that solution. So if anybody else can't find auto-mute in AlsaMixer this is the steps:

type: alsamixer (small caps) in terminal
press f6 to select sound card (before I had HDA ATI HDMI selected)
change sound card to HD-Audio Generic
Navigate using left and right arrow buttons to find <auto-mute> in the bottom of the window and press up or down to change it from enabled to disabled.

That did it for me.


The interactive governor is made by/for Cyanogenmod, so it's not in the mainline and hence not in the Ubuntu kernel.

It will land in Ubuntu if it's merged into the mainline kernel.


At the end of your file your function traceroute-mapper() { is missing the closing } at the end of the function

function traceroute-mapper() {
  source /usr/share/ReconCobra/mapper.sh
  xdg-open "https://stefansundin.github.io/traceroute-mapper/?trace=$(traceroute -q1 $* | sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/%0A/g')"
}


First of all I suggest you to test Ubuntu 14.04 Long Term Support in a USB live stick.

If everything is fine go ahead and install it. If you have minor problem testing it, you can ask here for help or google the problem to solve it. I have installed it with plenty of software and games and it uses right now 10 GB of HD space.
Making dual boot the only resource it use is the HDD space. When you boot in windows, Ubuntu doesn't use RAM or anything. The little added time the PC takes is when you have to decide on which OS you want to boot.


How do I dual boot with Windows+BitLocker, and with encryption for Ubuntu, over 2 drives?

BitLocker is Windows/NTFS only, so you cannot encrypt an Ubuntu installation with it.

If Linux is not your primary OS, and you are new to it, I would recommend taking the easier approach by installing it as a VM with VirtualBox installed in Windows. This enables you to use both Linux and Windows simultaneously, and not worry about encrypting (it's all BitLocker). There is no risk of making your machine unbootable, accidentally deleting data, etc., as well. I highly recommend this if you have never installed Linux before. There are countless tutorials for this if you search.

Another option, which I have not explored myself much, is to use the new Windows Subsystem for Linux.

That said, if a VM is not your cup of tea, and you really want an encrypted Linux install dual-boot, I'd keep it simple. Fortunately you have two drives. I'd recommend leaving your SSD with Windows on it alone. You could even unplug it while installing Ubuntu. Install Ubuntu/GRUB to a partition on your 1TB. You can boot the Live USB, go to install, and  choose to just encrypt your entire 1TB like in this image. If you can't lose data on your 1TB and want a partition for the install, you have to do the encrypt stuff yourself following a guide like this one or this one. After the install you could choose which drive to boot to in the BIOS.

I'd recommend staying with the LTS version of Ubuntu, as it is more supported for everything. That's Ubuntu 16.04.3 at the moment.


Compiler & Burner for 8051 Micro-Controller lab?

You Can Use SDCC is Small Device C Compiler for 8051 Micro-Controller and to have a look, click this.

Else you can use Graphical IDE for MCS-51 based microcontrollers Ubuntu Apps i.e MCU 8051 IDE.

And also, if you feel to use by means of Wine for burner, then this page might be helpful.


cups-pdf disappeared with update to U 18.04

The problem is not occuring if the distro-update to Ubuntu 18.n did never have an installation of cups-pdf before. So it is clearly update related.

This process provides a workaround (does not always help):

Purge cups-pdf

sudo apt -y purge cups-pdf

Purge the substitute-stuff (since 16.n)

sudo apt -y purge printer-driver-cups-pdf

Clean up.

sudo  apt-get install  check
sudo apt -y autoremove

Reboot. (smart guys will find a way to just restart the services ;-) )

sudo reboot

Reinstall cups-pdf.

sudo apt -y install -V cups-pdf

Monitor closely if it provides positive comments.

Out of curiosity: Please watch out if there is a PPD update process mentioned in the last installation step (up to now only traced in totally new installs).
Check.

The result in the GUI menu: In "Printers" PDF should be back.

If PDF doesn't come back in the Printers menu leave a comment here and submit a bug report mentioning bug 1801805 (link in comment above). This workaround is not the solution for the root cause! It may be important for the developer to get more details from different machines.


Transfer encrypted Ubuntu from old HDD to new SSD

What you ask is possible though slightly more complicated than you're anticipating. I manage a number of computers for work and have cloned an image encrypted with LUKS to other makes/models of machines with great success.
Option 1: Use dd and clone your HDD directly to your SSD
This option is the simplest and most likely to succeed if you're not familiar with backing up and restoring system images. However, it will likely require you to get an adapter so you can connect your SSD via USB to your computer (something like this if it's a SATA drive). Additionally, your SSD would have to be the same size as or larger than your HDD.
Basically, you would attach your SSD via USB port to your computer and boot from your Live USB with your SSD drive attached. Your internal HDD would likely be at /dev/sda and your USB-attached SSD would likely be at /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc. Now to clone the drive, you would simply open a terminal and run
sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=4M status=progress, assuming your SSD is /dev/sdb.
This will make a bit-for-bit clone of your HDD onto your SSD. Expect this process to take a LONG time! When completed, simply remove your HDD from your computer and replace it with the SSD. Everything should boot up exactly the same, except more quickly.

Option 2: Use gnome-disks to clone the entire disk (what the OP proposed)
This is option is probably the next easiest. It also requires that your SSD be the same size as or larger than your HDD, and your external drive, to which you will save the image, must have at least as much free space as your HDD is large. This is because gnome-disks essentially creates a bit-for-bit copy of your existing system.
This process, for anyone else landing here, is pretty simple. Boot into the system with a live USB. Open the gnome-disks utility. Attach another storage device with sufficient free space. Select the internal HDD in the utility. Click the hamburger menu in the upper right corner and select "Create Disk Image..." Once the image is saved, shutdown the machine and swap the HDD and SSD. Then boot back into the live USB and reopen the gnome-disks utility. Select the SSD, click the hamburger menu and restore the disk image.

Option 3: Clone the individual, unecrypted/decrypted partitions with partclone
This is by far the most complicated option and involves the most risk, but it's doable with some research. There are a couple of added benefits to this approach. One, disk images will be magnitudes smaller if your system has lots of free space. Two, you can remove the disk encryption if you really don't want it, though you wouldn't have to. Three, this option enables you to migrate to an SSD that is smaller than your HDD but has sufficient space for the system and all of the files on your HDD.
Here is a good place to start. I'll outline the process you would take in this specific case:

Boot into your system with a live USB.

Backup the first 2MB of your HDD with dd. This stores all of the information about your partition table
dd if=/dev/sda of=/path/to/external/drive/sda.mbr bs=2M count=1

Backup your LUKS headers on the HDD (only if you want to restore with encryption).
cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup ... will help you here.

Unlock your LUKS partition

Only if you're migrating to a smaller SSD, resize your partitions so that they will fit on the SSD. LVM and LUKS have tools that will help in this process. Be warned, if something goes wrong here, you could lose your existing system.

For each partition, run partclone, saving an image of each partition (with or without compression). Note that the decrypted LUKS partition is listed in /dev/mapper/, not /dev/sdaX.

Shutdown the computer and swap out the HDD with the SSD and reboot with the live USB

Use dd to dump your .mbr file onto the new drive
dd if=/path/to/external/drive/sda.mbr of=/dev/sda bs=2M

Run partprobe to detect the partitions that we just created on /dev/sda

Restore the LUKS header to what should be the LUKS partition

Unlock the LUKS partition, taking note of which device it is in /dev/mapper/

Use partclone to restore everything back to its proper partition, making sure you restore your decrypted partition back to /dev/mapper/[YOUR_DECRYPTED_LUKS_DEVICE]

Run filesystem checks on all your cloned filesystems

And you're finally done! There's is lots of room for mistakes on this one, so I wouldn't recommend it if you are not comfortable with the operations I've described above.
If you were to do this, getting rid of the system encryption, you would skip steps 9 & 10, and you would restore the decrypted partition image to a regular partition. Then you would have to mount and chroot into the installed system, remove the /etc/crypttab file and run update-initramfs -k all -u so that your boot image is aware of the fact that you're no longer using encryption. You would also need to update your /etc/fstab file to point to the correct device for your / (root) partition.


When you write

copied='cp -v *SNAPSHOT.jar /home/user/folder'

this is only a variable assignment, the command is executed when you write

$copied

that is equivalent to

cp -v *SNAPSHOT.jar /home/user/folder

If you want to capture the output of the command you should do

output=$(cp -v *SNAPSHOT.jar /home/user/folder)

this execute the cp command and put the stdout of the command in the variable output. Then you can use this variable to show the message in gdialog:

gdialog --title "done" --clear --yesno "done $output" 15 60


There is a property named secure_path:

  Path used for every command run from sudo. If you don't trust the people running sudo to have a sane PATH environment variable you may want to
                     use this.

so when you run:

sudo peazip

it look inside these paths:

secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"

You have to run your command like:

sudo /home/andy/PEAZIP/peazip_portable-6.6.0.LINUX.x86_64.GTK2/peazip

But don't do this, it's not safe. Anybody can change peazip file with a destructive binary and run it using sudo without having your password.


Psensor, audible repeating sound for alert alarm?

Since psensor 0.8.0.4, open psensor preferences and set "Script executed when an alarm is raised" to the path of a shell script playing a sound.

Example of a trivial script which plays a sound:

#!/bin/sh

play -q /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Noise.wav

You can upgrade psensor to a newer version than Ubuntu Trusty 11.04 (psensor 0.8.0.3) by using the PPA: ppa:jfi/ppa.

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:jfi/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install psensor


Make keyboard right alt ctrl work as mouse left right click buttons

For this to work, you need to install the terminal tools xdotool and xcape.

1) First create "normal" hotkeys that emulate the mouse buttons. You can do this in "Settings" - "Devices" - "Keyboard shortcuts". You can use crazy key combinations you otherwise will never use.

At the bottom of the pane, press the "+" button. Provide a name, provide the following command:

xdotool keyup ctrl+alt+shift+z click 1

and assign the shortcut Shift+Ctrl+Alt+z. The keyup part simulates a release of the hotkey that triggers the command, so make sure it matches the hotkey you use.

Continue in a similar way for the right click. This time, the command is

xdotool keyup ctrl+alt+shift+x click 3

which is assigned to Shift+Ctrl+Alt+x.

2) Now use xcape to redirect pressing and releasing modifier keys on their own to one of these commands.

xcape -e 'ISO_Level3_Shift=Shift_L|Control_L|Alt_L|z;Control_R=Shift_L|Control_L|Alt_L|x'"

What follows after the option -e is the remapping. In this example, the right Alt key is remapped to the hotkey we set up for the left click. After the semi colon ; the right Ctrl key is being remapped to the one for the right click.

Find out the names of your modifier keys using xev | grep keysym (installed by default). Start this tool in the terminal. When you press or release a key, a line is generated containing the name of the key.

3) If it works well, you will want to have the command automatically executed during login. In your .desktop file, insert the command sh -c "sleep 0.3 ; xcape -e 'ISO_Level3_Shift=Shift_L|Control_L|Alt_L|z;Control_R=Shift_L|Control_L|Alt_L|x'" on the Exec= line.


How to switch workspaces without using a keyboard in Xfce?

You may want to switch workspaces with mouse wheel.

Move your mouse to hover the Workspace Switcher on Xfce panel and then rotate mouse wheel up or down.

This behavior is enabled by default (see settings):


rdesktop full screen not centered, everything leaning to right

Ehh, apparently the solution was so simple. It looks like the resolution set from the Start-menu's "Monitor settings" does not actually set the resolution to the given value. Googling around, trying different keywords, I stumbled upon this tool, named xrandr. I'm not entirely sure what xrandr is capable of doing, but one of the features is that, you can set pretty much any resolution, using this command-line tool. So, here's how I fixed the anomaly I described in the original post.

To verify what's your current actual (not the one displayed in monitor settings) resolution is, type in: xrandr -q. Even though the "Monitor settings" resolution was set to 1680x1050, the output of xrandr -q told me my "current" resolution is, surprise-surprise 2480x1050:
$ xrandr -q
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 2480 x 1050, maximum 4096 x 4096
To change the current resolution to your desired one (I wanted to use 1680x1050), using xrandr, the command goes as follows:
$ xrandr -s 1680x1050
And then I'd suggest to verify, that the current value actually changed from, in my example, from 2480x1050 to 1680x1050, using the same command given above, xrandr -q:
$ xrandr -q
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1680 x 1050, maximum 4096 x 4096

And now when I tried launching rdesktop everything was neat, log-in screen centered and just how it's supposed to be. Although I got it fixed, I'm not sure, why "Monitor settings" does not change the actual resolution on my mate's computer. I tried on my Lubuntu as well, and it worked - when I changed the resolution in "Monitor settings", the current value in xrandr -q also changed.
Ehh, so much hassle with just getting a program full screened :D


How to find the missing dependencies for all packages?

I believe the command you seek is:

sudo apt-get -f install

That should attempt to correct for any broken dependencies you have.


I solved this by running gstreamer-properties in the console and I changed the plug-in option under "video" from autodetect to  x windows system (no Xv).
It seems it was some kind of problem with totem.


You're using -A which is --assemble, but you should be using -a which is --add.

If I recall correctly, devices (re)added to an existing array are always added as spares, then shortly afterwards the kernel will pick up that the array is both degraded and has a spare, and then it will start re-mirroring.  You can see this with watch cat /proc/mdstat.


Ubuntu loads at the same speed on SSD as on HDD

I had swap partition defined in fstab. I didn't create it on SSD.

Solved according to this link https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2325129

Now it boots instantly.


Can you legally use Ubuntu on laptops that have hardware which is not certified for use with Ubuntu (Asus for example) ?

Yeah sure, you can legally install Ubuntu on almost anything except for a potato. I've got Ubuntu installed on my Asus laptop, and everything worked right out of the box.


How to repair the smart data? Is there some programe?

That means your disk is hosed. Buy a new one :)


Skype for linux beta 5.2.0.1 not working in ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Skype for linux version 5.5 as downloaded from the site now works fine. But to install it you have to first purge any other Skypes you have including those you installed by mistake on top of an existing beta version.

dpkg --get-selections | grep 'skype'
skype-bin:i386                  deinstall
skypeforlinux                   install

sudo apt-get --purge remove skype-bin:i386
sudo apt-get --purge remove skypeforlinux

sudo dpkg -i [skype_deb_file].deb


If a company is using ubuntu on its servers/dektops, does it have to pay?

No, Ubuntu is free to use for all your needs. There is no "CentOS to Ubuntu", the same OS that you have the option to pay support for is the same OS that you can use for free.

Check out the section "The Ubuntu Promise" here:

http://www.ubuntu.com/project

See also:

How do you run Ubuntu Server with a GUI?


about to install linux, full format or partition?

Some pointers:

If you use a dual boot you can keep track of how many times you still use  Windows.
If you keep files on an NTFS formatted place you probably want to keep a workable version of Windows. When partitions have errors on NTFS it mosttimes is better to use Windows to fix it. Easy way out: when you have Ubuntu you can take the files out of there, format to EXT and move them back.
If you have the space to spare you can shrink Windows to a bare minimum it will boot with and set Grub to boot straight into Ubuntu. You never going to see the option to boot Windows but it is still there.

Mind though: it is also possible to use Ubuntu and install Windows inside of Ubuntu (with VM-Ware, Virtual Box).

  I'm wondering if making an install "next to" windows is not as clean as doing a full formatting ?

You can always remove Windows from inside Ubuntu and re-install grub so it ends up at the beginning of your disk.

  In other words, ubuntu will be installed in another partition (I guess) then the windows partition will be deleted, will ubuntu then take the whole hard drive for itself ?

That depends on what you choose during install. If you have Windows + unallocated space you can create a dual boot by installing Ubuntu into the unallocated space. If you do not have unallocated space you can only remove Windows. That will remove -ALL- partitions (so in Windows terms: it will also delete D:, E:).


How to replace terminal title using sed in PS1 prompt string

Your issue is that double quotes allow the shell to replace \\ by \ - you can see this if you run the command with the shell's -x option:
$ set -x

$ echo foo | sed -E "s|\\\[\\e\]2;.*\\a\\\]||"
+ echo foo
+ sed -E 's|\\[\e\]2;.*\a\\]||'
foo

It should work if you change to single quotes around the sed expression. The -E flag is not required ex. given
$ printf '%s\n'  "$ps1"
\$SHLVL:2 \e[7m$(gs_git_show_branch)\e[m\n\[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ \[\e]2;this is the title\a\]

then
$ set -x

$ printf '%s\n' "$ps1" | sed 's|\\\[\\e\]2;.*\\a\\\]||'
+ sed 's|\\\[\\e\]2;.*\\a\\\]||'
+ printf '%s\n' '\$SHLVL:2 \e[7m$(gs_git_show_branch)\e[m\n\[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ \[\e]2;this is the title\a\]'
\$SHLVL:2 \e[7m$(gs_git_show_branch)\e[m\n\[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$


why there are so many boot loaders after installing refind on dual boot

#1 By command sudo efibootmgr -v I find out rEFInd Boot Manager (direct) is grubx64.efi while rEFInd Boot Manager is shimx64.efi.
The difference is explained in answer here.
#2 yes
#3 I delete the grub package via terminal


How to prevent non-root user from changing IP address and network parameters?

What if you did

sudo chown root /etc/network/interfaces

and/or

sudo chmod 555 /etc/network/interfaces

Chmod changes the permissions, to read and execute only. that maens no one has the power to write to the file unless they sudo

chown makes the file the roots and stops other user from messing with it.

I think this will work...

Edits:

I don't know why this wont work

nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

managed=false

try this to remove the manager

sudo apt-get purge network-manager


Opening Windows Encrypted Partition using Ubuntu and TrueCrypt

The Truecrypt FAQ states:

Will I be able to mount my TrueCrypt volume (container) on any computer?

Yes, TrueCrypt volumes are independent of the operating system. You will be able to mount your TrueCrypt volume on any computer on which you can run TrueCrypt (see also the question 'Can I use TrueCrypt on Windows if I do not have administrator privileges?').

There is nothing obviously special about a system partition compared to other truecrypt volume types. That said, I have not done this personally. Caveat emptor.


Running the logrotate commad with -f in a cronjob could be enough. From man logrotate:

-f, --force
      Tells logrotate to force the rotation, even if it doesn't  think
      this  is  necessary.   Sometimes this is useful after adding new
      entries to a logrotate config file, or if  old  log  files  have
      been  removed  by  hand,  as  the new files will be created, and
      logging will continue correctly.

So edit /etc/crontab and add:

30 */6 * * * root logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.conf

Change the minute to suit your needs. The */6 means it should run every six hours.

This will rotate all log files, so isolate the settings for the application to a (self-contained) config file, then use that as the parameter. For example, create /etc/logrotate.d/uwsgi, containing:

"/var/log/uwsgi/*/*.log" {
  copytruncate
  daily
  rotate 14
  compress
  delaycompress
  missingok
  notifempty
  compresscmd /bin/bzip2
  uncompresscmd /bin/bunzip2
  compressext .bz2
}

along with any other lines in /etc/logrotate.conf that you may be implicitly relying on. Then the crontab entry will look like:

30 */6 * * * root logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.d/uwsgi


How do I combine multiple grep commands?

Another option:

... | grep -v -e @param -e @return -e @Test -e @throws


Is .gnupg vital when upgrading 12.04 to 14.04.1

The upgrade itself from 12.04 to 14.04.1 won't change anything that's in your home folder. However, when you boot into 14.04.1, changes might be made by the programs in that release. Therefore, any folders (or lack thereof) in your home directory won't impact the upgrade.

The most likely reason that your .gnupg folder isn't getting backed up by the backup service is because the folder's permissions are 0700, meaning only you and any programs that run under your user can access that folder. Most likely, the backup service is running under its own user account, and therefore can't read that folder.


I recently was able to get around the no sound Issue with only the Dummy Output selection for the sound card by pasting the following command into terminal. I found this solution here.
help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshootingProcedure

sudo apt-get update;sudo apt-get dist-upgrade; sudo apt-get install pavucontrol linux-sound-base alsa-base alsa-utils lightdm ubuntu-desktop  linux-image-uname -r libasound2; sudo apt-get -y --reinstall install linux-sound-base alsa-base alsa-utils lightdm ubuntu-desktop  linux-image-uname -r libasound2; killall pulseaudio; rm -r ~/.pulse*; ubuntu-support-status; sudo usermod -aG cat /etc/group | grep -e '^pulse:' -e '^audio:' -e '^pulse-access:' -e '^pulse-rt:' -e '^video:' | awk -F: '{print $1}' | tr '\n' ',' | sed 's:,$::g' whoami


Resize Move Partitions on Dual Boot System

First, it's recommended to backup your data before you proceed.

You need to boot from a Live CD or Live USB (otherwise you can't modify the /dev/sda5 partition since it's your root partition) and run GParted. The following steps should be:

enlarge the extended partition (/dev/sda3): I recommend here to use all available space;
move /dev/sda7 to the right by 10 GiB;
move /dev/sda6 to the right by 10 GiB;
enlarge /dev/sda5, adding 10 GiB to it;
create a new partition to exchange between Ubuntu and Windows (NTFS).


Give a look at this post.

Briefly, the first suggestion is to run

fsck /dev/sda5

and then reboot.


Hp dv6z(AMD version 3243cl) over heat & Battery Drain

i was also having the almost same probem with amd with ubuntu 13.04  i installed the gnome shell extension "Radeon Power Profile Manager " which has the option to put the profile in low mode which a bit reduces the temp , but that's for gnome shell only with open source drivers

link to the extension : https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/356/radeon-power-profile-manager/


How to display KDE lock screen time in 24-hour format

This thread tells you exactly how to do that i think brother.


Record everything what you hear from your soundcard

I did not tell us what version and edition of Ubuntu you are using. I am assuming that you are using standard Ubuntu Desktop 18.04.

Install PulseAudio Volume Control:

sudo apt install pavucontrol

If you haven't done so already, install your preferred sound recording application; I will use Audacity for demonstration purposes.
Open PulseAudio Volume Control, go to the "Recoding" tab, make sure that the selector is to show "Applications". The window will be empty, saying that no application is currently recording audio. Let it be.
Open your sound recording application and start recording.
In the PulseAudio Volume Control window notice that your application has been listed as recording audio; select "Monitor of <your-sound-card>" as the source.
The selection will be remembered.


Alternative to Ubuntu One Music Store (non-US)

Amazon MP3 has a Swiss website at amazonmp3.ch.

Banshee has great integration with Amazon MP3. Like the Ubuntu One store, then purchased music goes directly into your library.

sudo apt-get install banshee

You may need to first enable the Amazon plugin under
Edit -> Preferences -> Extensions.
You can then change the plugins settings to use the Swiss store under
Edit -> Preferences -> Source Specific -> Amazon MP3 Store.


Cannot restore Amazon S3 backups using deja-dup or duplicity, can anyone help?

I figured this out and I'm answering my own questions for the benefit of anyone else with similar problems. First, I discovered that I cannot restore an entire backup at once. It just is too large and times out. The strategy I had to take was to do subdirectories at a time. Also, when I tried to list-current-files, it would return nothing. Even though the backup files were huge, it said I had no files to restore. I figured out that if I used the -t flag, it would work. This probably means my last backup was corrupt, but by looking some amount backwards in time (6 months in my case), it was able to find some files to restore. First I had to get that list of files, so I knew which files to restore:

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx PASSPHRASE=xxxxxxxxx duplicity list-current-files --timeout=2400 --tempdir /path/path/path/ --num-retries=500 -t 6M s3://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/mybucketname1/computer-name | tee -a restore_file_list-6M.txt

This gives you a file restore_file_list-6M.txt which you'll need to use to find what files are in your backup.

You'll also notice that despite what documentation says, the s3+http:// is wrong, you want s3:// instead.

Once I got the list of files in the backup tee'd into restore_file_list-6M.txt, I could restore them one directory at a time using this command:

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=XXXXXXXXXXX AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=XXXXXXXXXXXXX PASSPHRASE=XXXXXXXXXXXX duplicity restore --timeout=2400 --tempdir /path/path/path/ --allow-source-mismatch --file-to-restore source/in/backup --num-retries=500 -t 6M  s3://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/mybucketname1/computer-name /place/I/want/to/restore/to/

I don't know if the --timeout flag had any function, but the --num-retries is definitely important, because it times out about once per file, and sometimes would time out over a hundred times before successfully downloading a file.

Now, I am done with duplicity forever.


Alter MBR order of partitions after copying partitions to larger drive

Use gparted.  Create an empty partition table on the new disk, and copy/paste the partitions over.


I am trying to Run Ubuntu 12.10 alongside windows 7 and need some help with partitioning my HD PROPERLY!

first important step:

USE WINDOWS 7 to resize the partition smaller from which you will take a "bite" to install ubuntu on.
so like I had reduced my Windows C partition for 20 GB (unformatted).

Then boot into Ubuntu and it will automatically take this space to install it into.
I had not to choose.

While you can of course use the manual way to have extra partition for /home or so, it is not necessary.


Can't upgrade kernal after installing Nvidia drivers

That's probably just an older version of linux-generic that was updated then. The newest version is 3.13.0.51.58 and the one that was uninstalled was 3.13.0.35.42.

Run the following commands in an open terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-image-generic linux-headers-generic

It will probably say something like "newest version is already installed". If not, you will see a list of what will install and what will uninstall if you install the package. Review this list before accepting the changes.

ALSO

You can always check to see what is installed by running the following command:

dpkg -l | grep linux-image

or

dpkg -l | grep generic

and so on.


How to install Ubuntu on UEFI enabled HP Pavilion HPE h9 tower

There are two issues that I suspect you're conflating:

EFI/UEFI -- The Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) and its more recent variant the Unified EFI (UEFI) is a successor to the ancient Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) firmware. Linux installs fine on EFI-based systems, although there are still bugs, quirks, and gotchas of various types. Most modern UEFI-based PCs also provide a BIOS compatibility mode so that you can boot in either way. If you're trying to dual-boot with Windows and Windows is already installed and working in EFI mode, you should definitely use EFI mode for booting Linux; switching boot modes is awkward at best on most systems.
Secure boot -- This is just one optional feature of UEFI. It's a recent addition to the UEFI specification, and as of yet, I don't know of any computers that ship with secure boot support. (I could well be unaware of some new system that uses it, though.) Microsoft will require that secure boot be enabled on computers that ship with Windows 8 in order for those computers to get a Windows 8 certification.

My suspicion is that you ran into a UEFI compatibility issue, disabled UEFI in your firmware, and then ran into some other compatibility issue. If so, this has nothing to do with secure boot, and in fact it might be better for you to try to resolve the issue in EFI mode, particularly if you intend to dual-boot the computer.

Moving forward, I recommend you answer these questions/perform these tests:

Do you plan to dual-boot with Windows?
If you plan to dual-boot, how is Windows booting, in BIOS mode or in EFI mode? You can find out by typing "bcdedit" in a Windows Administrator Command Prompt window and looking for the "path" line in the "Windows Boot Loader" section. If this line refers to winload.efi, then you're booted in EFI mode; if it refers to winload.exe, then you've booted in BIOS mode.

If you're currently booting Windows in EFI mode and you plan to dual-boot Linux and Windows, then your best bet is to get Linux to install in EFI mode. Alternatively, you could install Linux in BIOS mode and switch boot modes after installing.

The Ubuntu installer should start up in EFI mode, but precisely how to get this to happen varies from one firmware to another. You can verify that you've booted Ubuntu (including its installer) in EFI mode by checking for the /sys/firmware/efi directory -- if it's present, you've booted in EFI mode.


Information regarding who to contact for submitting books to software centre

For anyone that wishes to publish an application on the Ubuntu Software Center simply go to software-center.ubuntu.com and submit your application!
Also have a look at developer.ubuntu.com. The main page shows:

Bring your apps to Ubuntu
Ubuntu is the third most popular desktop operating system in the world. Find out everything you need to know to start developing and publishing your apps on Ubuntu.

1 thing: it looks like books in USC are from well known companies and/or long time running online magazines. You probably need to have several issues ready for submission to show you are dedicated.


Ubuntu 18.04.3 cant find second monitor - Dell G3 - NVIDIA 1060 TI

Nvidia driver is not installed. Downloading drivers from Nvidia site is a wrong method. Install the drivers this way:

Run in a terminal

sudo apt install nvidia-driver-435

Then reboot and disable Secure Boot in BIOS if you are using UEFI.


Setting default DNS on Ubuntu 18.04 (netplan)

First, let me clear up a misconception about VPNs. When connected via VPN, you'll end up, or should end up, using the VPN provider's DNS servers. If for no other reason, this is to prevent "DNS Leaks".

As you note, you don't want to setup a per-connection DNS configuration.

First you need to get DNS working without VPN. Then later, with VPN up, you'll do "DNS Leak" testing to confirm a fully secure and private tunnel.

If you edit /etc/systemd/resolved.conf (man resolved.conf) you find a line like:

#DNS=

Remove the #, and set your space-separated list of DNS servers there.

Reboot, and use either:

resolvectl

or

systemd-resolve --status

And observe your DNS servers and where they're attached (eth0).

Then bring up VPN and re-run one of the previous two commands, and note the DNS server change, and where they're attached (tun0).

Now for "DNS Leak" testing, visit https://dnsleaktest.com or https://dnsleak.com and confirm that you have no leaks.

Lastly, I'll mention that the symlink for /etc/resolv.conf has to be correct... (and you haven't edited that file manually... correct?).


calibrate screen, gnome color manager (calibrate button disabled)

Since you have an Nvidia GPU, you can use Nvidia X Server Settings to create your own color correction settings.

Install Nvidia X Server Settings:

$ sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings

Launch:

$ nvidia-settings

Find the Color Correction tab for the display you wish to calibrate (under "GPU 0 - (Quadro FX 2700M) -> DFP-0 - (LGD)" in the following screenshot):

Select the color channel you wish to change using the Active Color Channel selector, then modify the Brightness, Contrast, and Gamma as you see fit.


How can Docky, AWN, Cairo Dock and Unity be compared?

I will try to be impartial and objective. Help and suggestions are welcome ;-).
I'm very grateful for the important contributions of these buddies:
Alaukik, Kaustubh P, Uri Herrera and Mandy.
First of all, the question is tricky. Putting all this together may lead someone to think of Unity as a Dock, which it is not. Actually, it is a User Interface (see this as reference to this affirmation and this for the definition of a Dock).
Second: the Unity Launcher can't be moved from left edge.
To make this answer be more suitable, I will focus on features that are common to all and on those which are (at least to me) most desired.

Applications Menu
This is more easily answered with images:
Unity:

Cairo Dock:

_
AWN:
AWN own menu:

YAMA (has "Places" and bigger icons):

I wasn't able to find this feature for Docky but maybe it has it.

Workspace Switcher
Unity:
You can't preview the workspaces from the Launcher:

But when you click on the icon, you will see:

Docky:
No preview:

AWN:

Cairo Dock:

Notification Area
Unity:

AWN:

Cairo Dock:

I wasn't able to find this feature for Docky but maybe it has it.

Monitoring:
Battery
Unity:

Docky:

AWN:

Cairo Dock:

Processor
Unity:

and

obs.: check What Application Indicators are available? to see how to install this and others indicators.
Specifically for this indicator: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:indicator-multiload/stable-daily && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload && indicator-multiload
Docky:

AWN:

Cairo Dock:

RAM
Unity:

Docky:

AWN:

Cairo Dock:

Internet Connection
Unity:

Docky:

AWN:

Cairo Dock:

Hard Disk
Unity:

AWN:

Cairo Dock:

I wasn't able to find this feature for Docky but maybe it has it.

Dropbox
Unity:

AWN:

Cairo Dock:

I wasn't able to find this feature for Docky but maybe it has it.

Weather
Unity:

Click here to install.
Docky:

AWN:

Cairo Dock:

Date and Clock
Unity:

Docky:

When you click on it:

AWN:

Cairo Dock:

Clipboard
Unity:

Docky:

Cairo Dock:

I wasn't able to find this feature for Docky but maybe it has it.

Some extra features
Unity: When you drag an app to the launcher it lights up the apps that can open it .

Docky:

AWN:
This applet shows items related to what you are doing

Cairo Dock:
It is very beautiful and has lots of visual effects and configurations. Let's see some:
Sub folders

Widgets

Recent Events

Lightness on system
On average, this is what top shows me for processor (P) and memory (M) usage:
Unity:
P: 1 M: 0.4

Docky:
P: 1-2 M: 1.2

AWN:
P: 0 M: 0.3

Cairo Dock:
P: 0-1 M: 1.5

Final Overview
Unity:

Docky:

AWN:

Cairo Dock:

Websites
Unity: unity.ubuntu.com
Docky: www.go-docky.com
AWN: awn-project.org
Cairo Dock:  glx-dock.org

Installation
Unity: It comes with Ubuntu 11.04 and later.
Docky: docky
AWN:  avant-window-navigator (I would suggest you also install awn-applets-all)
Cairo Dock:  cairo-dock


How to maximize windows to the middle monitor with three monitors

You can go to the display settings and turn on the "Sticky Edges" option and it should cause your mouse to stick to the edge before moving to the next monitor thus allowing for the function to work. It is quite buggy doing this as sometimes your mouse won't go to the next monitor and just well sticks. You can also try turning on the Xinerama (or something like that) and see if that will do it for you. Your last option is to reconfigure your "Monitor's Emulated Position". Meaning in the "X" settings you should be able to drag and drop monitor 1,2, or 3 in the middle,left, or right side. Let me know what else is going on and if you can provide a screenshot I may be able to further assist. (Screenshot of your ATI settings)


Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): failed NotWritableError: The current user does not have write permissions to a required path

I was also getting this error as you don't have permission. conda command doesn't work with sudo.
To fix this error i gave permission to anaconda folder by changing ownership.

 $ sudo chown -R myuser /home/myuser/anaconda3


Overclocking Asus EEE1008HA PC (AtomN280) running Ubuntu14.04

This is from the official documentation for using Ubuntu on an eeePC

In order to achieve the overclocking we'll need to compile a kernel module available for download at a Google code site.

You'll most likely need the kernel headers installed as well as build-essential before we can get started:

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic

Download the source, and create the module:

wget http://eeepc-linux.googlecode.com/files/eeepc-linux-0.2.tar.gz
tar -xf eeepc-linux-0.2.tar.gz
cd eeepc-linux/module
make

You should now have a file called eee.ko. To make this module a permanent fixture of your current kernel we'll add it to the list of modules that are loaded at boot time and move it to the proper location.

sudo mv eee.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/

Then edit the /etc/modules file and add the module name eee to the end of the file.

Next register and load the new module into the kernel.

sudo depmod -a
sudo modprobe eee

In general, jumping directly to the overclocked speed can cause lockups so smaller jumps toward the speed are suggested. Below is an example of gradually making your way to the overclocked speed:

sudo sh -c 'echo 85 24 1 > /proc/eee/fsb'
sudo sh -c 'echo 100 24 1 > /proc/eee/fsb'
echo "FSB overclocked to 100MHz"

And going back down to the default speeds again:

sudo sh -c 'echo 85 24 1 > /proc/eee/fsb'
sudo sh -c 'echo 70 24 1 > /proc/eee/fsb'
echo "FSB returned to 70MHz"


What fonts do I need to install for special characters to work?

Well apparently this was a "fonts" problem for specific languages.

Visit this Wikipedia page: List of ISO 639-1 codes and check the languages that aren't working for you.

I had the same issue for the Tibetan language which were showing those squares instead of the actual character. Installing the package fonts-tibetan-machine fixed the problems for that exact language.

sudo apt-get install fonts-tibetan-machine

So in order to fix the other languages, you need to install the necessary font package for that language.


Ubuntu 14.04 x64 Server Apache 2 - replacing index.html shows index of/ instead?

Fixed it.

I ran sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dir.conf

And then I saw that it didn't say index.html. It had index.php twice.

It now reads

<IfModule mod_dir.c>
    DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi index.pl index.php index.xhtml index.htm
</IfModule>


Mysterious crash with animated garbage on the screen

I've most often seen that kind of "video corruption" crash when the system GPU is either overheating and/or being run out of bounds (read: overclocked/overvolted).
The Intel GMA950 graphics on your netbook have excellent driver support, so I'd suspect the heatsink/paste on the graphics chip inside the laptop may have gotten loose/dried up/etc.
I'd try running on an older Ubuntu LiveCD or Windows (if possible) for a few hours, and if the crashes keep happening, either open the netbook up and look around the GPU, or take it in to someone who can.


How can I get multitouch enabled on my Sentelic touchpad (msi x350 notebook)?

There is an open bug report for this issue on Launchpad.  While support for this touchpad has improved quite a bit since I bought my MSI X-Series notebook, it's obviously incomplete, as you noticed.  From what I've gathered in that bug report, Sentelic released an open source Linux driver for the touchpad awhile ago, which has been partially merged into the Linux kernel.  Unfortunately, from comment 71 of the bug report, it sounds like Sentelic has also raised patent concerns, which seem to be blocking the current development of the open source driver.

The ultimate goal, at least from what I've read on the mailing list, is to hand off the control of scrolling (and multi-touch?) to the Synaptics driver.  And to quote the bug report one more time, "To fix this bug properly, Sentelic’s source for absolute positioning needs to be re-added to the driver."

Right now, I don't know of anyone actively working on this, but I'm in the same boat as you, and I would love to have multi-touch (or at least usable edge-scrolling) working on my laptop.  Maybe we should start bribing people. :)


What is the difference between xterm and xterm(unicode)?

The question posted by maythux provides some valuable alternatives to either of the terminal emulators you mentioned.

Like devav2, I assume you are talking about uxterm when you mention xterm(unicode).

xterm is a very old terminal emulator for the X server system. In fact it is the original X terminal emulator from the 1980's. Unicode is a method of encoding into digital form all of the symbols used by people to communicate when they use their native languages.

Programs that have been fully internationalized, meaning fully able to process any language, will output in unicode rather than ASCII. Even if you are using ASCII or Latin as your native script unicode will work since they encode the same. Other systems of symbols may not be compatible.

Still more systems of symbols will only work with unicode.

Because it is taking a while for programs on every platform to be converted to use unicode some programs do not output it. If you are using such program and unicode is giving you a problem with uxterm, straight xterm may work better.

The gnome-terminal program many use also supports the output of unicode, but that can be changed by changing an option.

For more information on unicode you may find this wikipedia page useful.


IronHide / BumbleBee with a VirtualBox VM. Will it pass through video acceleration to the physical card?

Perhaps an explanation between graphics in a virtual guest and the actual host O/S would help here.
First the basics:
Everything in a virtual guest is an abstraction - what this means is that every device and driver in a virtual guest O/S does not depend upon the actual host device & driver.
To give you a simple example.  A mouse is seen as a specific device - the linux kernel sees this device and allows the guest operating system to use that device.  This "virtual device" is mapped to the real physical device by the virtualisation tool - VirtualBox, VMWare, Xen etc.  Thus the guest operating system never needs to understand what the physical mouse is, it only sees what the virtualisation tool has mapped to it.  The value of this approach is that you can move the virtual guest to different Hosts - it will operate in the same way because there is no direct dependency on the Host itself.
To show this in practice you can run lsusb on both the host and guest - on my host O/S I have the following USB devices:
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0402:9665 ALi Corp.
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

On my guest oneiric O/S I can see the following USB devices - these are different from the host:
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 80ee:0021 VirtualBox USB Tablet

Any guest O/S whether windows or linux will only see this virtual guest device.
Host graphics vs guest graphics
It is the same for graphics.
My host graphics is:
 sudo lshw -class display
  *-display
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 2
       bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
       version: 18
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
       configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
       resources: irq:41 memory:90000000-903fffff memory:80000000-8fffffff ioport:3050(size=8)

On my guest oneiric O/S it can see the following graphics card - you can see it is not the same as the host:
sudo lshw -class display
  *-display UNCLAIMED
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: VirtualBox Graphics Adapter
       vendor: InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH
       physical id: 2
       bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
       version: 00
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: vga_controller bus_master
       configuration: latency=64
       resources: memory:e0000000-e7ffffff

Likewise - a Windows Guest O/S will see only a similar virtual guest device.
In the murky world of VirtualBox, the Guest Additions which you can manually install (or in 11.10 - jockey sees and recommends you install it) installs additional kernel modules (or device drivers for Windows Guests) to allow the guest O/S enhanced access to your host O/S graphics.  Again its not a direct mapping - but allows 3D accelerated graphics to be seen.
If an application inside your virtual machine uses 3D features through the OpenGL programming interface (or for a Windows guest O/S - its DirectX calls), instead of emulating them in software (which would be slow), VirtualBox will attempt to use your host's 3D hardware.
Again I stress, the guest O/S doesnt see your actual graphics card it just passes the OpenGL (or DirectX) call from the Guest directly to the Host hardware to process.

In VirtualBox settings you should change the video card memory and 3D graphics card setting.  Your guest O/S will then see a "3D Accelerated card" with 128Mb RAM.  It doesnt matter if your host graphics card is better than this - your guest O/S will only see this "simple" abstracted virtual graphics card.
Since you mentioned you are using a Windows Guest O/S - the 2D checkbox is applicable to you since a similar pass-through of programming interface calls is performed.
Bumblebee/IronHide is an either/or graphics switching mechanism - you are using either integrated graphics or the higher capacity NVidia/ATI graphics but not both at the same time.
Since the OpenGL (or DirectX) capability of the higher switchable graphics is that more greater than the integrated chips set, you will see a relatively enhanced graphics performance with Guest O/S graphics intensive applications.  However this improvement is not as dramatic as running the same application natively on the host since it is still working within the constraints of the 128MB virtual guest graphics device.
source


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Spectre/Meltdown Status

All "Kernel Mitigations" available starting from 17.10 is valid for 18.04 and 18.10.

Official Ubuntu blog confirms it - https://blog.ubuntu.com/2018/01/04/ubuntu-updates-for-the-meltdown-spectre-vulnerabilities


What is the raw6 protocol? Where can I find info about it?

Basically we are familiar with TCP and UDP socket. There still many more socket that are being used in network stack.

RAW6 is one of the IPv6 socket.

You may find the socket listed in /proc/net/sockstat6.

RAW socket allowing packet or traffic communicate in protocoless environment.

The kernel object for this located in af_inet6.c linux source code.

The RFC for this RAW fall under rfc3542.


How to undo "Do not ask again" for running executable files in Dolphin (Kubuntu)?

Settings > Configure Dolphin > General > Confirmations > When opening an executable file

It may not show the state correctly but on applying changes it should set the state to the selected value.


Adapt font and icon sizes to High Definition screen resolutions in Ubuntu-Studio XFCE

There is no global setting like the zoom scale factor in Unity, but you can follow these steps to achieve most of it:

1. Set a Custom DPI setting

Open a terminal with CTRL+ALT+t and enter

    LANG=c xfce4-settings-manager

In "Appearence"->Fonts-> "Custom DPI Setting:" set this to 192 (instead of the default 96).

Log off and on again to accept the new settings in all windows.

2. Adapt Theme and settings

Set your panel size to a height of 48
In xfce4-settings-manager->"Settings Editor" (xfce4-settings-editor)

in section xfce4-desktop (create an entry if it doesn't exist)
desktop-icons/icon-size Type Integer and set it to 128
in section xsettings set CursorThemeSize to 48
in section xsettings set Gtk/IconSizes to

gtk-large-toolbar=32,32:gtk-small-toolbar=24,24:gtk-menu=32,32:gtk-dialog=88,88:gtk-button=32,32:gtk-dnd=32,32

Or use the commandline:

xfconf-query -c xsettings -p /Gtk/IconSizes -s "gtk-large-toolbar=32,32:gtk-small-toolbar=24,24:gtk-menu=32,32:gtk-dialog=88,88:gtk-button=32,32:gtk-dnd=32,32"

gtk-large-toolbar are main toolbars
gtk-small-toolbar are secondary toolbars
gtk-menu are menus
gtk-dialog are dialog icons
gtk-button are buttons (eg the xfce panel uses buttons)
gtk-dnd are the icons displayed if you drag and drop a file or a folder

you can change them to any size as long your icon theme supports it

In xfce4-settings-manager->"Window Manager"

select the theme Default-xhdpi (since Xfce 4.12 - upgrade instructions for 14.04)
Set the Title Font to 12

Download the Widepanel Appearance
** in xfce4-settings-manager->"Appearance" select Widepanel
In the File Manager thunar adapt the preferences:

Set Iconsize in the sidepanel to "small" or "normal"

3. Adapt Firefox

see: Adjust Firefox and Thunderbird to a High DPI touchscreen display (retina)

(or use Chrome, which works fine since Version 41.0.2272.76 Ubuntu 14.10)

4. Increase font in Pidgin

There is a plugin you can install

sudo apt-get install pidgin-extprefs

Then you can increase the font in Plugins->Extended Prefs

5. Create starter for applications that still don't scale

Some applications still don't obey the global scaling (mainly java) for those few applications you can create a starter to only Fix scaling of java-based applications for a high DPI screen

source: https://askubuntu.com/a/472266/34298


Ubuntu Dual Screen Using Virtual Machine - AMD GPU

Virtual Box can provide graphics output to multiple virtual monitors. These can either be configured as separate application windows, or can be directed to separate attached physical monitors when in seamless or fullscreen mode.

This feature is independent of the physically attached graphic card and can not be achieved by installing proprietary drivers to your virtual machine. Doing so is not recommended, as usually the VM has no direct access to the physical graphics adapter (unless you configured experimental PCI passthrough mode).

To enable multiple monitors we can define a monitor count of up to 8 for any virtual machine in the Settings -> Display from Virtual Box Manager:

After that we are able to configure these virtual monitors from the "System Settings ->  Displays... in Ubuntu:

All monitors will have the name VBX as they are virtually provided from Virtual Box. Which monitor is represented will also be shown in a corresponding coloured box in the virtual window.

Untick the Option "Mirror Displays" in case you want to display different applications on them.

After that we will have two Virtual Box windows numbered :1 and :2 where each can have a different geometry:

Virtual Box on host 12.04 amd64 running a single instance of a guest Ubuntu 12.04 amd64 displayed on two virtual monitor windows


The easiest way:

1) Download Teamviewer (free for non-commercial use) for linux at http://www.teamviewer.com/en/download/index.aspx?os=linux

2) Download Teamviewer for Android from market

3) Open it on your PC, and it will give you an ID and a Password:

4) Open it on your Tablet, and paste the ID and Password:

then click "Connect to partner".

5) Enjoy ;-)

ps.: when installing teamviewer on my Ubuntu 64 bits I got a dependency error (*) that was solved by installing wine before trying to install teamviewer (sudo apt-get install wine).

(*)

 teamviewer6 depends on libc6-i386 (>= 2.7); however:
  Package libc6-i386 is not installed.
 teamviewer6 depends on lib32asound2; however:
  Package lib32asound2 is not installed.
 teamviewer6 depends on lib32z1; however:
  Package lib32z1 is not installed.
 teamviewer6 depends on ia32-libs; however:
  Package ia32-libs is not installed.


You may want to update your habbits. Simply remember these new shorcuts:

Ctrl+Alt+Tab to switch between windows from all workspaces forward
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Tab to switch between windows from all workspaces backward

If you do not want to remember new shortcuts - then redefine existing by:
gsettings set org.mate.Marco.global-keybindings switch-windows "'<Control><Alt>Tab'"
gsettings set org.mate.Marco.global-keybindings switch-windows-backward "'<Control><Alt><Shift>Tab'"
gsettings set org.mate.Marco.global-keybindings switch-windows-all "'<Alt>Tab'"
gsettings set org.mate.Marco.global-keybindings switch-windows-all-backward "'<Alt><Shift>Tab'"

to revert them to default use:
gsettings set org.mate.Marco.global-keybindings switch-windows "'<Alt>Tab'"
gsettings set org.mate.Marco.global-keybindings switch-windows-backward "'<Alt><Shift>Tab'"
gsettings set org.mate.Marco.global-keybindings switch-windows-all "'<Control><Alt>Tab'"
gsettings set org.mate.Marco.global-keybindings switch-windows-all-backward "'<Control><Alt><Shift>Tab'"

Also please note that Windows List applet on the bottom MATE Panel allows to switch between  two modes - "Show windows from current workspace" and "Show windows from all workspaces".


Problem with installing Ubuntu over Win8

In your Gparted there image is a column on the far right labeled "Flags". In the row with the "/" as the mount point, there should also be "boot" in the Flags column.

You can easily fix this in Gparted by:
1) highlighting the partition you want to boot from
2) select  Partition, then drop down and select "Manage flags"
3) put a check mark next to "boot", and deselect boot_bios, then "ok"

Once you've done this, reboot and the system should now boot to the partition you've selected.


"the partition is misaligned" error in Disk Utility - should I repartition?

This answer may help you.
Checkout ubuntuforums.org post at http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1635018. That in turn points to http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-4kb-sector-disks/ for a technical discussion.


Command-line way to view information about a PPA?

Assuming you have the package list downloaded (apt-get update will do that) you could see there what packages are available for your distribution from that PPA.

If you want some shell code this should do the trick:

PPA=ppa:something/amazing
less $(echo "$PPA"|sed -e 's!/!_!' -e 's!^ppa:!/var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_!' -e 's!$!_ubuntu_dists_'$(lsb_release -sc)'_main_binary-'$(dpkg --print-architecture)'_Packages!')


Searching in the logs I found that the nVidia driver package seems to be at fault!
Here is the relevant portion of dpkg.log relative to nVidia:

  Blockquote

ubuntu@ubuntu:/media/ubuntu/Ubuntu 18.04 SSD/var/log$ cat dpkg.log | grep nvidia | less

2019-01-21 14:07:42 install nvidia-settings:amd64  415.27-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1

2019-01-21 14:07:42 status half-installed nvidia-settings:amd64 415.27-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1

2019-01-21 14:07:42 status unpacked nvidia-settings:amd64 415.27-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1

2019-01-21 14:07:42 status unpacked nvidia-settings:amd64 415.27-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1

2019-01-21 14:07:42 configure nvidia-kernel-source-390:amd64 390.87-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1

2019-01-21 14:07:42 status unpacked nvidia-kernel-source-390:amd64 390.87-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1

2019-01-21 14:07:42 status half-configured nvidia-kernel-source-390:amd64 390.87-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1

2019-01-21 14:07:42 status installed nvidia-kernel-source-390:amd64 390.87-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1

  Blockquote

So the problem might be on nVidia shoulder .... I'll put a msg for their support!

RD


Many computers today have a "fast boot" option that disables (or more precisely, bypasses enablement of) USB devices. As the name implies, this is done in the interests of shaving a second or two off the boot time. You may need to disable the "fast boot" option in the firmware in order to boot from a USB flash drive. Some systems enable you to partially disable this feature, which should enable booting from a USB flash drive. Others call the option something different -- it may be listed under a "built-in devices" menu or something similar. It may also be phrased positively rather than negatively -- that is, you might need to "enable USB devices" rather than "disable fast boot." Thus, you'll have to dig through your computer's options to figure out what to enable or disable.


Does this help? http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu_Oneiric_Installation_Guide#Hang_at_logout

Basically, something hangs and you need to force it to shut down when logging out. Might also apply at shutdown/hibernate. I had these issues before, but aren't experiencing them now.


HSPA 3g modem manager for backtrack/ubuntu

Modem Manager GUI is frontend for ModemManager daemon able to control specific modem functions.

Main features:

GTK3 interface
Send and receive SMS messages with messages concatenation
Send USSD request and receive answer in system encoding
Get modem and SIM information (Device info, Operator name, Mode, IMEI, IMSI/ESN, Signal level)
Scan available mobile networks

Install Modem Manager GUI in ubuntu

Open the terminal and run the following comamnds

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linuxonly/modem+manager+gui
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install modem-manager-gui


I disabled SMB1 on my file server, now the mounted shares on the client stopped working. How can I mount non SMB1 file shares on my ubuntu client?

I just discovered this link as I deactivated SMB1 on a Win 2008 R2 server and my Ubuntu Server had issues connecting with CIFS.

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/120677/can-not-use-mount-cifs-mount-error2-no-such-file-or-directory

  vers=
             SMB protocol version. Allowed values are:

       ·   1.0 - The classic CIFS/SMBv1 protocol. This is the default.

       ·   2.0 - The SMBv2.002 protocol. This was initially introduced in Windows Vista Service Pack 1, and
           Windows Server 2008. Note that the initial release version of Windows Vista spoke a slightly
           different dialect (2.000) that is not supported.

       ·   2.1 - The SMBv2.1 protocol that was introduced in Microsoft Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008R2.

       ·   3.0 - The SMBv3.0 protocol that was introduced in Microsoft Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012.

I added ,vers=2.1 as an option to the /etc/fstab line to resolve it as apparently cifs defaults to SMB1.


What does 'webmin' come up in the netstat/lsof listening ports?

Some port numbers are often/traditionally/by default used by certain services. Port 80 is for HTTP server, port 22 is SSH, port 143 is IMAP etc. Port 10000 is traditionally used by webmin to display its management interface, while port 20000 is for webmin's web mail.

lsof just tries to be friendly by displaying human-readable names of services which usually use those port numbers instead of the actual numbers. In your case it is wrong.

The list of "well-known" services is stored in /etc/services.


I just fixed this on ubuntu 18.04 - turns out there is some kind of issue with 802.11n and iwlwifi Intel chips. The solution is to turn it off.
Check if it works first with:

sudo modprobe -r iwlwifi

sudo modprobe iwlwifi 11n_disable=1

Make it permanent with this command:

echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf

I did this and my wifi speeds instantly went back to normal.