Installing Backtrack software on Ubuntu is not recommended as it can confuse or break the package manager. However, if you want to do it, open terminal and do the following:

sudo bash
echo deb http://repo.offensive-security.com/dist/bt4 binary/ >> /etc/apt/sources.list
wget http://repo.offensive-security.com/dist/bt4/binary/public-key && sudo apt-key add public-key && sudo aptitude update
for i in $(cat backtrack.txt); do sudo apt-get -y install $i; done

Now, copy the following into Gedit and save it to your home directory as bt_menu_update.pl:

#!/usr/bin/perl
#
##
# Written by Mick Grove
# http://micksmix.wordpress.com
#
#  [v0.1]       11/20/2009
##
#
# BSD Licensed
#
#       Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
#       modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
#       met:
#
#       * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
#         notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#       * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
#         copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
#         in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
#         distribution.
#       * Neither the name of the  nor the names of its
#         contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
#         this software without specific prior written permission.
#
#       THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
#       "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
#       LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
#       A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
#       OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
#       SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
#       LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
#       DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
#       THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
#       (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
#       OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
#
use strict;
use warnings;
use Tie::File;

my $dir     = "/usr/local/share/applications";
my $section = "Desktop Entry";
my $in_section;
my @files;

opendir(BIN, $dir) or die "Can't open $dir: $!";
while (defined(my $file = readdir BIN))
{
    next if $file =~ /^\.\.?$/;    # skip . and ..
    if ($file =~ m/.*\.desktop$/i)
    {
        push(@files, $file);
    }
}
closedir(BIN);

foreach my $curfile (@files)
{
    open(FH, "    chomp(my @fileparts = );
    close(FH);

    my $termval = TerminalStatus(\@fileparts);
    next if $termval == 0;    # skip if this is not a terminal application

    #lets see if this is actually a BT program
    my $btprogram = IsBTProgram(\@fileparts);
    next if $btprogram == 0;    # skip if this is not a BT application

    my $ExecKey     = "Exec";
    my $TerminalKey = "Terminal";
    my @tiedfile;

    #open this file for editing
    tie @tiedfile, 'Tie::File', "$dir/$curfile" or die "$!";

    #read file line by line here
    # updating "Exec" line
    foreach my $fline (@tiedfile)
    {
        next if $fline =~ /^#/;       # skip comments
        next if $fline =~ /^\s*$/;    # skip empty lines

        if ($fline =~ /^\[$section\]$/)
        {
            $in_section = 1;
            next;
        }

        if ($fline =~ /^\[/)
        {
            $in_section = 0;
            next;
        }

        my $oldline;
        my $updatedline;
        if ($in_section and $fline =~ /^$ExecKey\s*=\s*(.*)$/)
        {

            # this means we have the "Exec key"
            $oldline = $1;
            next if $oldline =~ m/^.*xterm -e.*;bash.*$/i;    #skip
            $oldline =~ s/"/\\"/img;
            $updatedline = "Exec=xterm -e \"$oldline;bash\"";
            $fline       = $updatedline;

            print "New exec: " . $fline . "\n";
            next;
        }
        elsif ($in_section and $fline =~ /^$TerminalKey\s*=\s*(.*)$/)
        {

            # this means we have the "Terminal key"
            # we will set it to "0" to turn it off --- we are launching
            #   xterm ourselves, if we set to 1, we'll get an extra
            #   terminal opened
            #
            $oldline     = $1;
            $updatedline = "Terminal=0";
            $fline       = $updatedline;
            next;
        }

    }
    untie @tiedfile;
}

print "\n\nAll menu entries have been updated\n";

###
### Subroutines ###
###
sub TerminalStatus
{
    my @lines       = @{$_[0]};
    my $TerminalKey = "Terminal";
    my $ExecKey     = "Exec";
    my $termkeyval  = 0;            #default = 0 FALSE, 1= TRUE
    my $i           = 0;
    my $execkeyval = 0;  #default = 0 = this exec line probably wasn't set by us

    foreach my $fline (@lines)
    {
        next if $fline =~ /^#/;       # skip comments
        next if $fline =~ /^\s*$/;    # skip empty lines

        if ($fline =~ /^\[$section\]$/)
        {
            $in_section = 1;
            next;
        }

        if ($fline =~ /^\[/)
        {
            $in_section = 0;
            next;
        }

        if ($in_section and $fline =~ /^$TerminalKey\s*=\s*(.*)$/)
        {

            # this means we have the "terminal key"
            $termkeyval = $1;
            next;    #last;
        }

        if ($in_section and $fline =~ /^$ExecKey\s*=\s*(.*)$/)
        {

            # this means we have the "exec key"
            $execkeyval = $1;
            if ($execkeyval =~ m/^.*xterm -e.*;bash.*$/i)
            {
                $execkeyval = 1;    # this script likely set this value before
            }
            next;                   #last;
        }
    }

    if ($execkeyval eq 1)
    {
        # force this to true, because this can be updated by this script,
        #   b/c we appear to have modified this entry before.
        $termkeyval = 1;
    }
    return $termkeyval;
}

sub IsBTProgram
{
    my @lines    = @{$_[0]};
    my $key      = "Categories";
    my $isbtprog = 0;              #default = FALSE = 0
    my $i        = 0;
    foreach my $fline (@lines) {
        next if $fline =~ /^#/;       # skip comments
        next if $fline =~ /^\s*$/;    # skip empty lines

        if ($fline =~ /^\[$section\]$/) {
            $in_section = 1;
            next;
        }

        if ($fline =~ /^\[/) {
            $in_section = 0;
            next;
        }
        if ($in_section and $fline =~ /^$key\s*=\s*(.*)$/)
        {

            # this means we have the "terminal key"
            if ($1 =~ m/.*BT-.*/i)
            {
                $isbtprog = 1;
            }
            last;
        }
    }
    return $isbtprog;
}

and in the terminal, run:

cd ~/
mkdir menu_backup
sudo cp /usr/local/share/applications/* ~/menu_backup

followed by perl ./bt_menu_update.pl. Log out and log back in, and enjoy.

Source: http://micksmix.wordpress.com/2009/10/28/install-backtrack-4-tools-in-ubuntu/


File transfer from PC to USB disk is very slow

I assume your usb drive is formatted in fat32. Formatting your usb drive in ext3 or ntfs format will solve speed problem. But if you connect your ext3 formatted USB drive in another computer running windows, it will not work.


Recover partition after GParted resizing interrupted by unexpected shutdown

Some months ago, @psusi said:
"Your data is pretty much toast. At this point you need to restore from backup..."

I didn't believe it. My computer has only about 4GB of RAM, and the partition being moved was around 350GB. If we assume that the "move partition" operation of GParted is correct, 4GB should be a limit on the amount of data that could have been lost. (Otherwise, the "move partition" operation likely could not complete without loss of data).

Indeed, I was able to recover my directory tree, albeit a bit shuffled (since the move operation had been interrupted, a strange directory configuration resulted, where about half of my home directory was inside one folder).

The answer was testdisk, which was able to detect the filesystem in question. After this was detected, I copied the files onto an external HD. This learning experience has brought me closer to enlightenment via http://www.taobackup.com/.


How would you label an audio track as a "Japanese Surround 5.1" in MP4Box or ffmpeg

It is possible to add metadata in this manner using FFmpeg. To demonstrate this I created a test file with the following properties:

Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661) [...]
Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo,

To add a tag to the audio stream using FFmpeg try the following syntax:

ffmpeg -i test.mp4 -c copy \
          -metadata:s:a:0 language=jpn -metadata:s:a:0 title="5.1 Surround" \
          testing.mp4

Some notes:

-c copy: copy both streams without encoding to a new container. FFmpeg will not actually place the tags without this process.
-metadata:s:a:0: add the metatdata to : the stream : audio : first audio track. Note that this is 0, not 1 as you might expect. Note also that the -metadata option must be repeated with each extra metadata added.

Respect for these tags is a bit hit and miss across media players but tags added in this manner are picked up by mediainfo...

References:

FFmpeg Documentation: Main Options


Thunderbird unread message count not displayed

I solved it!

I was missing the thunderbird-gnome-support package which is not installed with the thunderbird package by default, it must be installed explicitly. Having it installed, my thunderbird dock icon shows the unread counter as expected.


Accidentally installed Ubuntu Desktop program on Server - now things are playing up

Set the DISPLAY manually, like so:

export DISPLAY="127.0.0.1:10.0"

Add that line to the file ~/.bashrc and then X11 programs should be fine


you can use the --print-uris argument of the apt-get command to just output the URIs of the update packages. For example:

sudo apt-get --print-uris update

will output the list of tarballs and .xz archives. but the list is very unclean and has the following general format.

'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-backports/multiverse/dep11/icons-64x64.tar.xz' archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_xenial-backports_multiverse_dep11_icons-64x64.tar 0

however, the output can be cleaned up by simply using egrep with the following simple regular expression that can be used to match URLs direct static links to any file.

sudo apt-get -y --print-uris update | egrep -o -e egrep -o -e "(ht|f)tp://[^\']+"

to make this into a function,

updateURIonly(){
    sudo apt-get -y --print-uris update | egrep -o -e egrep -o -e "(ht|f)tp://[^\']+" ;
}

you could also use this to output the URIs of packages for the upgrade and/or dist-upgrade arguments as well as any other argument that can be passed to the apt-get command.

to make this work with the upgrade  argument:

upgradeURIonly(){
    sudo apt-get -y --print-uris upgrade | egrep -o -e egrep -o -e "(ht|f)tp://[^\']+" ;
}

you can use the URIs from this output to perform a speedy upgrade by using the inherently faster multi-threaded downloaders like axel an/or aria2c. I have a script on my github which does precisely this thing. i.e. it uses the method shown above to extract a list of URIs and downloads the .deb packages to perform a very fast upgrade. speed increases upto 40X. mind you my script uses axel so make sure to have axel installed before running the script.

to clone my github repo:

git clone https://github.com/el-beth/apt-faster.git


cannot install qtbase5-dev due to unmet dependencies

I 'fixed' the problem by installing an 'old' ubuntu 14.04 (no .2) - the problem does not occur anymore.


To solve why AT SPI Registry closed unexpectly

It probably cannot report the crash because your system is not up-to-date (but you should have gotten a message about why sending the report failed).

If that's that case I suggest to update your system using the main servers:

Open the Ububuntu Software Center
Edit → Software Sources... → Download from: Main server

Then update your system and wait for the Apport popup to appear again.

Of course you can also just click on Ignore future crashes of this program version.


How can I stream audio from my desktop to a WiFi speaker?

I've sorted it out, now. It is pulseaudio-dlna and it works well for me. Just sudo apt install pulseaudio-dlna.

I installed it as a Startup Application:

It now shows any available DLNA speaker:


Go to the Places menu and click "Connect to Server". Select the right type of FTP server (public or private) and click Connect. From there it's drag and drop.

If you need the command line, do the above and then in your terminal look in ~/.gvfs/. The FTP server gets mounted as a subdirectory in there.


Ubuntu catastrophe after upgrading to Ubuntu 13.04

Have you tried opening a terminal and using?

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

to see if that fixes itself??

Here is a link that may help too if it is a broken package issue of some sort causing the errors http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=947124

Good luck.  You may need to borrow your friends USB and do a clean install.


Pattern based, batch file rename in terminal

The solution to the above example, using rename:

rename -v -n 's/file_\d{1,3}/upl/' file_*.png

Usage:

rename [options] [Perl regex search/replace expression] [files]

From man rename:

   -v, --verbose
           Verbose: print names of files successfully renamed.
   -n, --no-act
           No Action: show what files would have been renamed.

rename MAY take regex as the arguments.

What we are looking at is the content between the single quotes '. You can place regex separated by /.

Formula: s/(1)/(2)/ where (1) = search pattern, and (2) = replace pattern.

So, familiarize youself with regex, and enjoy pattern based batch file renaming!


Your FORWARD chain is missing, you can create it with:

sudo iptables -N FORWARD

Consider using iptables-save and iptables-restore (or iptables-apply for remote machines) for saving/applying rules.

If you still have issues, contact your VPS provider for more help.


I found the answer provided here --- as painstaking as it was --- the only viable solution.

My code to run for anyone wishing to downgrade to mono V3.12 that would like to avoid navigating dependencies hell...

$ mono -V
Mono JIT compiler version 3.12.1 (tarball Fri Mar  6 19:12:47 UTC 2015)
Copyright (C) 2002-2014 Novell, Inc, Xamarin Inc and Contributors. www.mono-project.com
    TLS:           __thread
    SIGSEGV:       altstack
    Notifications: epoll
    Architecture:  amd64
    Disabled:      none
    Misc:          softdebug
    LLVM:          supported, not enabled.
    GC:            sgen


Make indicator-cpufreq startup with specified governor

If I understand correctly, the question was the following: "How do I change/set the governor state used by indicator-cpufreq at startup/default".
So here is the solution which worked for me (Ubuntu 17.04):
edit /lib/systemd/set-cpufreq so that the the governor you want is used as the first case in the switch-section, i.e. just change the order of the cases. So if I want "powersave" at startup then I change /lib/systemd/set-cpufreq to look like this, notice the line

*powersave*)

right after the line

case $governors in

so here is the result:

#! /bin/sh
# Set the CPU Frequency Scaling governor to "ondemand"/"powersave" where available
set -eu

FIRSTCPU=`cut -f1 -d- /sys/devices/system/cpu/online`
AVAILABLE="/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu$FIRSTCPU/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors"
DOWN_FACTOR="/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/ondemand/sampling_down_factor"

[ -f $AVAILABLE ] || exit 0

read governors < $AVAILABLE
case $governors in
    *powersave*)
            GOVERNOR="powersave"
            break
            ;;
    *interactive*)
            GOVERNOR="interactive"
            break
            ;;
    *ondemand*)
            GOVERNOR="ondemand"
            case $(uname -m) in
                    ppc64*)
                            SAMPLING=100
                    ;;
            esac
            break
            ;;
    *)
            exit 0
            ;;
esac

[ -n "${GOVERNOR:-}" ] || exit 0

echo "Setting $GOVERNOR scheduler for all CPUs"

for CPUFREQ in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor
do
    [ -f $CPUFREQ ] || continue
    echo -n $GOVERNOR > $CPUFREQ
done
if [ -n "${SAMPLING:-}" ] && [ -f $DOWN_FACTOR ]; then
    echo -n $SAMPLING > $DOWN_FACTOR
fi


You should use only host name in hosts file, so use this content of /etc/hosts/

127.0.1.1   supportcenter.sevplcorp.com

Also the ServerName should contain only host name and not the path after /

After that, your page will be available at http://supportcenter.sevplcorp.com


Efficient partitioning for installing ubuntu?

I just dual booted Windows 8 and Ubuntu 14.04. I created recovery DVDs and then simply deleted the D drive, shrank C, and proceeded to use the empty space to create a regular partition (and a swap space) for Ubuntu. I did not mess with the EFI or the other partitions, so I can't tell you exactly what will happen with those, but since those come before the C drive, you might want to leave them alone. (I ran into problems when Windows was occupying partitions that were not right next to each other--not sure if Ubuntu will have the same issues.)


Ive had same problem (the app was free but it told me to pay for it via something). The only solution for me was to go to app website and download & install the package manually (sudo dpkg -i xxx.deb).


Boba,

As Eduardo said you can go to additional drivers to install the Proprietary driver. Hit the super key (Windows Key) and type, "Additional Drivers". You should be able to click on the Additional drivers icon.

Additional Drivers in the Dash

After that, the application will scan for additional drivers, and present you with a list. I generally go for the one labeled (Proprietary, tested)
Click on the one you want and then click the "Apply Changes" Button. Then you'll want to Reboot.

Additional Driver select

Also, it will help others help you if you know some basic information about your system. You can find out what version of Ubuntu are running by hitting the super key and typing, "Details".


How to disable the feature of automatic system shutdown in 60 seconds?

If you are on GNOME, there is a gnome-tweak-tool,

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

with which you can edit what power button does.

In gnome-tweak-tool you just have click on Power in left panel and you will see something like this:


Does linux have a signature system for executables?

Software that is in the repositories does not really need a signature. We can assume that the software coming from those can be trusted.

But it is possible to check it through its md5 checksum. Launchpad page on MD5 checksum step 2:

  Step 2: Open a terminal, change to the directory where you have saved the file and accompanying signature, then enter the following:

gpg --verify signaturefilename

  Replace signaturefilename with the signature's filename.

  gpg will now try to check the signature against the signer's public key. If your version of gpg is configured to retrieve public keys automatically, you can skip to step 4. Otherwise, you'll need to fetch the signer's public key manually.


Is it safe to use Bleachbit in a ext4 filesystem with journaling?

I think for ext4 and the default options this should not be an issue.

quote from the shred man page. A good read I would say.

In  the  case  of  ext3 file systems, the above disclaimer applies
(and shred is thus of limited effectiveness) only in data=journal mode

You can check this by doing

cat /proc/mounts

and checking the data=XXX parts.

This of course only applies if nothing fundamental changed with ext4.

(Mostly taken from this post on serverfault)


Why Won't External Display Work in 18.04?

Ubuntu doesn't determine the supported resolution when sending output to HDMI, so you will have to make sure that when sending HDMI signal to TV, the resolution is supported by the TV. Try 1920x1080 60Hz, most TV supports that.


How can I install Ubuntu on my Playstation 3?

If you have upgraded your firmware since the removal of the 'Other OS' feature, then there is no official way to install Ubuntu (or any other Linux distribution) on your PS3.

There was an unofficial SDK released for the PS3, which would possibly allow you to reinstate the feature, but I'm unsure of any possible legal issues so I won't link to it here.


Cannot login to Ubuntu after changing home directory

You should reboot in rescue mode (see https://www.linuxtechi.com/boot-ubuntu-20-04-rescue-emergency-mode/).
There you change it back to what it was and then change it using:
usermod -d /hdd/home/henry henry


Screen turning black after switching users

Try go to settings/display and check if there is more than one monitor, and if yes turn off the monitors not in use.


How to swap mouse buttons AND touchpad taps INDEPENDENTLY?

This will do the trick:

First:

xinput -list

And write down the name of your mouse as it appears among other devices. Mine is "Logitech USB Optical Mouse". Then:

Right-handed:

xinput set-button-map "Logitech USB Optical Mouse" 1 2 3 &

Left-handed:

xinput set-button-map "Logitech USB Optical Mouse" 3 2 1 &

The touchpad is not affected.

For an explanation on how this works:

man xinput


GParted error message: A partition can not end (156016640) after the end of the device (%2)

The error when resizing or moving a partition lies in the calculation of the partition limits according to one of these options: Cylinder/MiB/None. Change the Align to: dropdown selection to None and the same operation works without errors.


I encountered similar issue, and this is what I was seeing

 systemctl status crond.service
● crond.service - Command Scheduler
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2019-02-07 13:34:38 EST; 2min 37s ago
  Process: 31470 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/crond -n $CRONDARGS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
 Main PID: 31470 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

What I did to resolve this by checking my cron log. I am running in rhel, and my log is at /var/log/cron, my issue was due to this
...(CRON) DEATH (can't lock /var/run/crond.pid, other pid may be 31364): Resource temporarily unavailable

so I just did

pkill -f crond

then

systemctl start crond.service

then it's back to normal

systemctl status crond.service
● crond.service - Command Scheduler
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-02-07 13:37:19 EST; 1s ago
 Main PID: 31490 (crond)
   CGroup: /system.slice/crond.service
           └─31490 /usr/sbin/crond -n


I just figured this out.
In 20/Focal, the "Cloud Init" package comes into play, and in /etc/cloud/conf.cfg.d is a file named 50-curtin-networking.cfg that contains nameserver definitions.  The update apparently reads /etc/systemd/resolved.conf; which in my case, was populated BEFORE I added a second local DNS server; and, in 18, was not used in the same way.
"The more the tinker with the plumbing, the easier it is to stop up the drain" - Montgomery Scott


It looks like some versions of MapleStory can be run with Wine, with some substantial success, but that there is also a long and extensive history of failure. If you already have a copy of MapleStory, you should try it and see. See this page and this page in the Wine application database.

It also looks like people got MapleStory running in an emulated or virtualized environment years ago. (You may want to take that guide with a grain of salt, as it's rather old and may not apply fully now.) So you might try that, if you have a copy of Windows to install on a virtual machine (or already set up).


Uninstall Ubuntu and bring back Windows 7

Easiest way would be to try the Recovery disk for windows 7. It has repair option to repair the boot management. It should automatically detect your windows and fix its Boot issue. ( you will loose Ubuntu boot option with it)

Second option is to Prepare a USB stick with Ubuntu in it. Re-install the whole thing from Scratch and leave windows 7 partition as it is.

It will give you both Ubuntu and Windows 7. :)


How to stream audio from Windows PC to Ubuntu over a network?

AirFoil would probably be the best option. It's essentially a plugin for iTunes It's a whole-system audio redirector   that'll let you stream any audio to a whole host of destinations including Linux. It does come at rather a steep cost for a "utility" though: $25.

Failing that you might be able to run a radio-streaming app on your PC (these are ten-a-penny) and pick that up on your Ubuntu machine with a supported player. I'm fairly sure Banshee and Totem can pick up the audio.

I'm not sure these will handle more than two audio channels (or if that's even an requirement) but start your search with ShoutCast or its GPL brother from another mother: IceCast


In Gnome Shell, you always will have at least two work spaces, one and the end, empty and ready to use. Empty workspaces in between used workspaces will automatically be closed when they are not anymore in use. However, the last empty one remains, ready for use. This is normal behaviour in Gnome Shell.


ubuntu, syntax error near unexpected token `('

In gcc -o test test.c  the  test after -o flag is the name of actual executable, so you need to run ./test.  When you do ./test.c the shell will attempt to read your C source code ( which is just text file ) as shell script and execute it according to current shell's syntax ( i.e., shell tries to read it a shell script, not as compiled C code).

On side note, please don't use test as name for executable. There's already /usr/bin/test and that can lead to confusion later. And overall using system executable names for personal programs is just bad practice


where is stored the icon informations for folders

You likely find what you are looking for in the folder ~/.local/share/gvfs-metadata. Changes to items are written to files named after the folder containing the items.


ubuntu server 14.04 can't get out of tty

Ubuntu Server edition by default does not come with a GUI. In Ubuntu 14.04 you can install the Ubuntu desktop after you login in the TTY console using your username and password by running the following commands:

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop
sudo reboot

This command will also install lightdm, the Ubuntu default graphical login display manager as a dependency. In order to install a different desktop environment, replace ubuntu-desktop in the above command with xubuntu-desktop, lubuntu-desktop or others.


How can I get Firefox to use Dolphin instead of Nautilus?

sudo apt-get install kmozillahelper

is not more available.

How to use dolphin to open folder in firefox

When I installed KDE and Firefox this feature actually worked – I downloaded a file, clicked on “open containing folder”, and Dolphin would happily pop with the respective folder open.

However, when I installed a few more apps,  Firefox started calling Gwent or other app to “open the folder”.

Solution:

In the file /usr/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache, find inode/directory and make kde4-dolphin.desktop on first such as:

inode/directory=kde4-dolphin.desktop;kde4-gwenview.desktop;kde4-kfmclient_dir.desktop;


It looks like you used the wrong tick, you used ' instead of `. Try

05 09 * * * cp -a /home/kmportal/VirtualBox\ VMs/cyn.in-disk1.vmdk /media/windowsshare/`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`cyn.in-disk1.vmdk


This is sometimes a hardware problem which can be solved by disabling hardware acceleration in Chrome.

In the Chrome settings page, scroll to the bottom and click "Advanced Settings" to show more options. Scroll down again near the bottom and uncheck the hardware acceleration option.

You may need to restart the browser for changes to take effect.


Why don't Qt4 apps in Lubuntu pick up the GTK theme?

Install qt4-qtconfig, run qtconfig and on the first tab choose GTK+ for Select GUI style.


Citrix receiver experiences long delay, disapears for about 3 minutes

Please note that this fix will make all your secure connections vulnerable to attacks. Only do this if you know what you are doing!

The problem is that the citrix client needs a random number to create a secure connection. It asks the random number from your operating system, but the operating system needs three minutes to generate that number. You can shorten this time by using the not-secure random number generator of your system.

Create a symlink like this:

ln -sf /dev/urandom /dev/random

See the 6th post here:

http://forums.citrix.com/thread.jspa?threadID=246296

I'm utilizing the receiver and this helps out tremendously. I also noticed that it went away after a reboot (Ubuntu install in VMWare Fusion 5).

I created a shell script:

/etc/init.d/symlink.sh

#!/bin/bash
ln -sf /dev/urandom /dev/random

I then added the pathe (/etc/init.d/symlink.sh) to /etc/rc.local.

Good luck.


It's known to not work with 13.04, so it's not your fault.

There's a bug report on launchpad, and Kostya Vasilyev has recommended the following workaround:

  I've been running TortoiseHG and Mercurial from these PPAs, they need to be installed together (thg requires a certain range of hg verisons)...

  https://launchpad.net/~tortoisehg-ppa/+archive/stable-snapshots

  https://launchpad.net/~mercurial-ppa/+archive/stable-snapshots

  There are no "raring" versions, but the ones for "quantal" have been working just fine

So you can use this until the bundled version is fixed.


On a dual monitor setup, how can I set which lone monitor the ALT-TAB interface appears?

For what it is worth, it seems to display on the monitor that has the mouse cursor in it.


Desktop Effects not working after update [Kubuntu 18.04]

Desktop effects require compositing to be enabled.

You can check the status of compositing by running

qdbus org.kde.KWin /KWin supportInformation | grep -i composit

in your terminal.

$ qdbus org.kde.KWin /KWin supportInformation | grep -i composit
Composite: yes; Version: 0x4
compositingMode: 1
useCompositing: true
compositingInitialized: true
windowsBlockCompositing: true
Compositing
Compositing is active
Compositing Type: OpenGL
$

By, default, Kubuntu has compositing enabled on start-up. That's why compositingInitialized: true appears in the output posted above.

To check whether compositing is enabled on start-up, open System Settings and type composit in the search bar. As you can see in the image below, Display and Monitor is highlighted:

Open Display and Monitor and ensure that compositing on start-up is enabled.

Note that, for whatever reason, you can toggle compositing on/off by pressing Shift+Alt+F12 at any time.


"Pin down" an automatically installed package so apt-get autoremove keeps it

You can use

sudo apt-mark manual some_package

to mark some_package as manually installed so that it doesn't get autoremoved.
You can use

sudo apt-mark auto some_package

to mark some-package as automatically installed so that it gets autoremoved.


In the simplest for using systemd service:

Install forever:

[sudo] npm install forever -g

Write and store the script to run in preferred location.
Write the Systemd service:

[Unit]
Description=forever service
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/home/george/.npm-global/bin/forever start /root/node/node_modules/.bin/www
ExecStop=/home/george/.npm-global/bin/forever stop /root/node/node_modules/.bin/www
Restart=always
RestartSec=10                       # Restart service after 10 seconds if node service crashes
StandardOutput=syslog               # Output to syslog
StandardError=syslog                # Output to syslog
SyslogIdentifier=nodejs-example

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Save the systemd service file in /etc/systemd/system as myforever.service ( or with whatever name you like ).
Start the service and enable at start up.

sudo systemctl start myforever.service
sudo systemctl enable myforever.service

Check if it's running:

sudo systemctl status myforever.service

To stop and disable it any time:

sudo systemctl stop myforever.service
sudo systemctl disable myforever.service

NOTE:

This is a simplified version of a systemd service many options are available
The service can also be called myforever without the .service extension, systemd will pick the right file
This /home/george/.npm-global/bin/forever is where my node modules are kept, yours will be different. Find it with which forever

Additional Information:

https://www.axllent.org/docs/view/nodejs-service-with-systemd/


How can I remove my current JDK and install default JDK?

In Ubuntu you don't have to uninstall one JDK to use another.
You can have multiple Java versions installed and switch between them as you like. What matters is witch one is set as default.

You can install Oracle Java JDK follow this guide (easy option) or get it right from the Oracle here (well..less easy option).

Chose another Java loader:

sudo update-alternatives --config java

Chose another compiler (this is what you need):

sudo update-alternatives --config javac

Chose Java Web Start:

sudo update-alternatives --config javaws

You might also be interested in installing Android SDK on your Ubuntu VM. Here is a great guide for that.


How to get creation date and time of a deb package on deb repo

Try this:
apt policy replace_this_with_package_name
apt-get changelog replace_this_with_package_name

https://linux.die.net/man/8/apt
https://linux.die.net/man/8/apt-get


How to detect processor correct temperature in conky

Temperature from command line

To find out the temperature, use:

# Ivybridge Intel i7-3630QM
$ cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone*/temp
69000
69000
67000

# Skylake Intel i7-6700HQ using paste after zone names
$ paste <(cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone*/type) <(cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone*/temp) | column -s $'\t' -t
INT3400 Thermal  20000
SEN1             53000
SEN2             49000
SEN3             53000
SEN4             55000
pch_skylake      70000
B0D4             47000
x86_pkg_temp     48000

Temperature with Conky

Within conky the system variable I used to monitor an Ivy Bridge CPU is:

${hwmon 2 temp 1}°C

To monitor a Skylake CPU I initially used:

${hwmon 0 temp 1}°C

A few months later (possibly due to new kernel) on the same Skylake CPU I switched to:

${hwmon 1 temp 1}°C

The display looks like this:


Finally I found the solution my self.

When I did cat /var/log/apache2/error.log.1 I found this failure Identifier removed: AH00144: couldn't grab the accept mutex.

After a bit of research I found this line from /etc/apache2/apache2.conf #Mutex file:${APACHE_LOCK_DIR} default. I DID NOT UNCOMMENTED but add this Mutex posixsem after that line.


How do I tell juju to use the liberty release of Openstack in Trusty 14.04.3

I figured it out. If anyone else has this same problem, I found the answer in the 15.10 release notes:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ServerTeam/OpenStackCharms/ReleaseNotes1510#OpenStack_Liberty_support_for_14.04_and_15.10

Basically you can either put it in the openstack-config.yaml for each service with:

nova-cloud-controller:
  openstack-origin: cloud:trusty-liberty

or set it manually with:

juju set keystone openstack-origin='cloud:trusty-liberty'

More information is in the link.


How to find name of the virtual machine Ubuntu server is being hosted on?

You can give virt-what a try. It is a shell script that can detect most common VMs types. It's avaliable in the official repos, just an apt-get away.

sudo apt-get install virt-what
sudo virt-what


Why doesn't nautilus display the Free Space of a partition?

That feature was available in the Nautilus statusbar, which is disabled by default (a floating, autohide statusbar is used now) for Nautilus 3. But you can re-enable it: in Nautilus, select View > Statusbar.

That's it :)


Display is wrong resolution, aspect ratio, and size

It's a temporary solution but I recommend you try booting Ubuntu in safe mode and see if it helps


I was curious to know the difference between the two packages so wrote this quick query to see what packages they pull in. This command will show the packages that kubuntu-full depends on that kubuntu-desktop does not.

comm -23 \
    <(apt-cache depends kubuntu-full | awk '/Depends/ {print $2}' | sort -u) \
    <(apt-cache depends kubuntu-desktop | awk '/Depends/ {print $2}' | sort -u)

The result at the time of writing (on 12.10) is:

  anthy
  calligra
  calligra-dev
  dictd
  dict-foldoc
  dict-gcide
  dict-jargon
  dict-moby-thesaurus
  dict-vera
  enscript
  eyed3
  finger
  flac
  kdeaccessibility
  kdeadmin
  kde-baseapps
  kdeedu
  kdegames
  kdegames-card-data-extra
  kdegraphics
  kde-icons-mono
  kdemultimedia
  kdenetwork
  kdepim
  kde-runtime
  kdesdk
  kdeutils
  kde-wallpapers
  kde-workspace-data-extras
  kinfocenter
  konq-plugins
  kubuntu-desktop
  libqscintilla2-designer
  libqt4-sql-odbc
  libqt4-sql-psql
  libqt4-sql-sqlite
  plasma-runners-addons
  plasma-widget-ktorrent
  plasma-widget-lancelot
  pyqt4-dev-tools
  python-qscintilla2
  qt4-demos
  qt4-designer
  qt4-dev-tools
  qt4-doc-html
  scribus
  unclutter
  vorbisgain
  xnest
  xrestop


HDMI audio output disconnected if TV is turned on after resume from suspend

I was trying other distributions and with Gnome had the same issue. Then I tried few with KDE Plasma and it's not issue there.
So my "solution" is to not use Gnome...


Installing new GNOME 3.16 games in Ubuntu 15.04

The game Taquin and all other games are not included in any PPA. If you want to install it, then you have to compile it yourself. Here is the source code.


Moving many files from many directories using a script

'cat basenames.txt' with single quotes is a string literal, so your for loop is passing the whole thing to cd

Presumably you want to evaluate the command cat basenames.txt and pass the result, one at a time, to your loop body: that would require backticks

for i in `cat basenames.txt`

or the more modern and recommended syntax

for i in $(cat basenames.txt)

HOWEVER looping over the output of a cat command will be subject to word splitting and shell glob expansion - so really I'd recommend re-writing the loop as

while IFS= read -r i
do
        cd "$i"
        mv "${i}.html" "/c/Users/USER/directory1"
        cd ..

done < basenames.txt


XRDP from windows 10 machine to UBUNTU 18.04 audio not working

If you want to have sound redirected to your Windows machine when using xRDP, you will need to compile the sound module for xRDP.  This feature is not enabled by default in the xRDP package shipped with Ubuntu 18.04.
1/ Easy way....
You can try to perform a custom installation using this script (see https://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=13663
You simply download the script, you mark it as executable and you issue the following command in a terminal session
**

./install-xrdp-3.0.sh -s yes

**
You have then to SHUTDOWN and Boot your machine after the script has finished running...Rebooting might not be enough to enable sound redirection
2/ Manual installation
You should read (till the end) the following post which explains how to manually enable sound redirection for Ubuntu while performing a remote desktop connection (see https://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=12469
In a nutshell,
Step 1 - Enable Source code repositories in the Ubuntu software & Updates Application
Step 2 - Download Pulse Audio File and compile

cd /tmp
sudo apt source pulseaudio
cd /tmp/pulseaudio*
sudo ./configure

Step 3 - Build the pulseaudio Module

cd /usr/src/xrdp-pulseaudio-installer
make PULSE_DIR="/tmp/pulseaudio-11.1"

Step 4 - Install the pulse audio Module

install -t "/var/lib/xrdp-pulseaudio-installer" -D -m 644 *.so

Step 5 - Test your configuration
Hope this help
Till next time


There are several methods to accomplish this from command line tools to calendars. What features are you looking for ?

Evolution has a notification system.

In Evolution Options -> Reminders

If that is not going to work out for you, please describe why not or what features you need/desire.


how to use the terminal with linux 13.10?

From a combination of your post and subsequent comment I think there is some misunderstanding of what the terminal is/does. The terminal is a non-graphical interface for you to communicate with your computer. This gives you a great deal of control over your PC as no program has a button for every terminal command (and if one did it would be so full of buttons it would be impossible to use!)

Graphical programs, take your inputs, and essentially run terminal-like commands. This means that downloading a file from the terminal is not intrinsically "safer" than downloaded the same file from your browser. The important issue is the content of the file that you have downloaded. It is also arguable that the terminal is less safe in the hands of a confused user as it is much easier to "accidentally" give a downloaded file root (administrator) permissions by just copying commands you have seen online (in this case sudo).

If you want to download movies "safely" the only real option is a reliable (and therefore probably legal) source (but, not that all legal sources a malware free!!).

For software. Illegal software is again less likely to be safe (also not legal to download!). You can download free legal packages in the terminal from ubuntu's repositories. For this you need the name and run:

sudo apt-get install PACKAGENAME

But if you are just browsing you can use the Ubuntu software centre. This is equally "safe". There is a lot to choose from.


Script to open terminal in particular directory, in particular workspace, then VIM to a particular file

The script bellow spawns 6 windows for gnome-terminal with vi text editor and moves them to appropriate viewports (aka workspaces ) in Unity desktop.

The script determines mathematically which window belongs on which workspace.
It relies on wmctrl to do most of the job. To install wmctrl , do sudo apt-get install wmctrl.

#!/bin/bash
# Author: Serg Kolo
# Date: Aug 22 , 2015
# Description: script that spawns 6 windows and positions
# them on individual workspaces (aka viewports) for Unity
# Written for: https://askubuntu.com/q/664309/295286
#set -x

# get number of vertical and horisontal viewports
HEIGHT=$(gsettings get org.compiz.core:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/core/ hsize)
WIDTH=$(gsettings get org.compiz.core:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/core/ vsize)
# Get size of the desktop from wmctrl -d
# ARRAY[0] is width and ARRAY[1] is height
ARRAY=($( wmctrl -d | awk -v div1=$HEIGHT -v div2=$WIDTH '{gsub(/x/," "); print $4/div1" "$5/div2}' ))
# set number of windows
COUNT=6
# while loop that does all the work
while [ $COUNT -ne 0 ]; do
# reset x and y position on each iteration
XPOS=100
YPOS=100
    # spawn terminal window with appropriate number
    # and send to viewport according to number
    gnome-terminal -e 'sh -c "vi;bash"' -t VP$COUNT &
    sleep 0.250 # delay to make sure window spawns
    # determine if it's a window 3 or 6
    if [ $( expr $COUNT % 3 ) -eq 0 ];then
        XPOS=$( expr $XPOS + ${ARRAY[0]} + ${ARRAY[0]} )
    fi
    # determine if it's window 4 - 6
    if [ $COUNT -gt 3 ];then
        YPOS=$( expr $YPOS + ${ARRAY[1]} )
    fi
    # determine if it's window 2 or 5
    if [ $( expr $COUNT % 3 ) -eq 2 ];then
        XPOS=$(  expr $XPOS + ${ARRAY[0]} )
    fi
    sleep 0.250
    # bring that window to focus and move it
    wmctrl -R VP$COUNT
    wmctrl -r VP$COUNT -e 0,$XPOS,$YPOS,250,250
    # decrement counter
    COUNT=$( expr $COUNT - 1 )
done

References and additional material:

Script (or software) to open an application window on a specific viewport and position

Creating and Running a script

How do I start applications automatically on login

How do I bind .sh files to keyboard combination


If you've noticed vpnc dies after around the same amount of time being connected, you may want to try to disable DPD:

   --dpd-idle <0,10-86400>
          Send DPD packet after not receiving anything for <idle> seconds.  Use 0 to disable DPD completely (both ways).
          Default: 300
   conf-variable: DPD idle timeout (our side) <0,10-86400>

(taken from the vpnc man page)

The parameter above (--dpd-idle 0) will disable dead peer detection and avoid the connection stopping if the packets don't reach you in time. You can otherwise set it in your config file as described above.

I think I'd also edit your startup script a little to avoid unconditionally stopping vpnc "if it's still active". You may be running into different state changes than "up" and "down" (for instance, you have "hostname"); for instance when roaming from access point to access point due to signal level changes or otherwise you might get a new "up". In other words:

# Exit if we are not connected to bonnet
if ! iwconfig wlan0 | grep bonnet then
    # Kill vpnc if it is still active
    if pgrep vpnc then
        vpnc-disconnect
    fi
    return 0
fi

Instead of doing two separate checks. (though I didn't test that)


How to copy/paste from "Sorry, the application XXX has stopped unexpectedly"

All crash report data can be found in the .crash files located in:

/var/crash

And as stated here:

When sent a .upload and .uploaded file is added.
It includes a CoreDump: base64 field that can be quite huge though.


sudo error, is mode 0777, should be 0440

First Option

Following this post:

Reboot PC
When the GRUB boot selection screen shows, choose Recovery Mode. (If it doesn't come up, press the Shift key when you see the GRUB loader down the bottom).
A black terminal should come up, at this point you can run this command (you should have root privileges):

chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers

Alternatively

You will have to put Ubuntu onto a LiveCD, boot into the LiveCD, mount your Ubuntu Partition on the Hard Drive (Open a file browser, like Nautilus, and click your Ubuntu Partition; or click Places->"xxGB Partition/Your Ubuntu Partition").

Then, open a terminal within the LiveCD session and type these two commands:

cd /media/<name of permanent ubuntu partition>/etc
sudo chmod 0440 sudoers

Extra Problems

If there are any errors (as posted below), follow the error prompt and adjust each file accordingly using one of the above two steps:

  sudo apt-get update sudo: /etc/sudoers.d/README is mode 0777, should be 0440 sudo: /var/lib/sudo writable by non-owner (040777), should be mode 0700 [sudo] password for

Fix by following through with:

chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/README
chmod 0700 /var/lib/sudo

Both of these commands should be used appropriately with the outlined steps above. They will change the file permissions associated with that file. 0440 will give the owner (root) and the group read permissions and 0700 will give the owner (root), read, write and execute permissions.


How to Install Lubuntu 14.04 with encrypted LVM? Unsafe Swap Bug

I finally figured this out myself.
The easiest straighforward way is:
1. Use the alternate CD (Its not offered for 14.04.2 at this time so use 14.04.1)
2. Select "Install" (from the Unetbootin-menu - Important! - see details)
3. If you're installing from an Image on USB-Pendrive: When you're asked to install grub to MBR select "No" and specify the correct target device.

A little more Detail:

1: The Bug in the Desktop-Installer still exists in  14.04.2 (I tried it). There is a workaround, described here. This should also lead to successfull install.

2: I was Using Unetbootin to install the iso on my usb-pendrive.
It creates it's own bootmenu and offers the options "Install" "Expert Install" and "Install Lubuntu" among others.
"Install Lubuntu" will fail at "select and install software" (this bug
There's another workaround that should lead to successfull install)

So better use "Install" (or "Expert Install"). That will lead to another bug if you use a usb-pendrive for installation but its easy to solve:

3: (heres a bugreport ) Grub will be installed to the MBR of the usb-pendrive (you can  boot your PC with the usb-pendrive inserted)
The MBR-bug is easy to solve though by selecting "No" when you're asked if grub should be installed to MBR. This will not cancel the install of grub. You will be asked to specify the target device for grub-install.

Holy Moly - May encryption be with you

I also posted this in ubuntuforums


Without access to the routers or changing the router it is going to be virtually impossible. Your router has a firewall. A firewall is a wall blocking ALL data. Rules are added to allow certain data. A port is a specif door in the wall, and a "port forward" is a door to a specific PC.

Without a port going to the target box there is NO way to send data to it (unless it requests the data first). So you cannot initiate a connection the PC. This applies to VPN, SSH, web or anything else.

edit:
PC1 -> Router1 -> Internet <- router 2 <- PC2  correct?

You should be able to use a service like splashtop or logmein. These have 3rd party servers that are involved in your connection. That is VERY different in terms of security from SSH, but if you don't care about a 3rd party such a thing should work.


Simple, you cannot install it If checksums are different. The Direct meaning for different checksums is your downloaded ISO of Ubuntu is broken.

Read this you will understand : https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToMD5SUM


Messed up visudo - can't edit the file anymore

the easiest way would be to boot your system from live cd, mount your root file system and modify its /etc/sudoers file to fix the issue.


Advanced inertial scrolling configuration

I am afraid this has already been discussed on Xorg and is marked as "Resolved Fixed" but won't be fixed since Xorg won't realize when you press Ctrl and inertial scrolling is still in place. (See Peter Hutterer's comment and its analogy with Ctrl).

So at least until we have Unity 8(when Xorg is replaced with Mir and hopefully we see this as really resolved), we can only have a wordaround rather than a perfect fix or completely disabling inertial scrolling.

One of the fixes I would recommend is to disable Ctrl+scrolling feature in the application itself. This sure is an unclean solution since the problem is still in place but only the effect is removed and you would have to do this for whatever application you most frequently use inertial scrolling.

For disabling Ctrl+scrolling feature in Firefox, type about:config in the address bar and then click on "I'll be careful, I promise!" Now, in the search bar, type  mousewheel.with_control.action and double click on the first result and set its value to 1, which would only scroll contents instead of zooming. You can set its value to the following values with the corresponding effects:

0 (disabled)
1 (scroll contents)
2 (go back/forward in your history)
3 (default, zoom in/out)

I'll update the answer if I am able to find a cleaner, better solution.


Just adapt one of the existing jobs:

# tty1 - getty
#
# This service maintains a getty on tty1 from the point the system is
# started until it is shut down again.

start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345] and (
            not-container or
            container CONTAINER=lxc or
            container CONTAINER=lxc-libvirt)

stop on runlevel [!2345]

respawn
exec /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1

You probably want to make it look something like this:

# tty2myprogram - myprogram
#
# This service maintains a getty on tty2 from the point the system is
# started until it is shut down again.

start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345] and (
            not-container or
            container CONTAINER=lxc or
            container CONTAINER=lxc-libvirt)

stop on runlevel [!2345]

respawn
exec /sbin/getty -8 38400 -l /home/gerrie/myprogram tty2


Where is "Show position of the mouse when the Control key is pressed"

This might or might not, work.

Install Dconf editor:

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

Open Dconf and navigate to:

org -> gnome -> settings deamon -> peripherals -> mouse

There should be a setting there titled locate-pointer.

If it's not there, then I don't think its possible to change this.  Very weird it defaults to on...


how to install android studio with umake and snap? ubuntu-make.umake usage

In https://github.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-make

If you use the Ubuntu Make snap to ensure you always have the latest and greatest version, even on older supported releases.
Install:

snap install ubuntu-make --classic

Umake can then be run as ubuntu-make.umake

Run Ubuntu Make:

snap run ubuntu-make.umake android


Ubuntu16.04.5 - Fonts not rendering properly in Firefox

You may want to install the fonts-indic package.

Answered by Gunnar Hjalmarsson

Installing fonts-indic via terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fonts-indic


Extension Gmail Notifier requires Goa, Soup, Gio typelibs

You need to install the libraries gir1.2-soup, gir1.2-goa, and gir1.2-glib.

Just do

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gir1.2-soup gir1.2-goa gir1.2-glib

Also, don't forget to add your Gmail account into "Online Accounts".

In case you're using 12.04, an anonymous user suggested the following:

  On 12.04 I found that after installing the pre-requisites above, you
  had to:

  Go to the Installed Extensions page, https://extensions.gnome.org/local/ and click on the (X) to remove
  gmail notifier.
  Install it again from https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/154/gmail-notify/ by setting
  the slider to "on"


At first, every hard drive may have its own active partition.

You do not really need grub. During the boot, in bios, you may press some key and select the HDD / CDROM / USB to boot from. The active partition on that drive will be used. That's it.

Note:
I have a PC with 2 HDDs, too. BUT I have installed all the operating systems on the first one. And the second drive is for my data only. In my case I do need grub. I install it on some root partition and flash it on MBR. So that active partition does not matter at all.


Synaptics touchpad settings reset after waking from suspend

I have no idea what causes it, but it can be solved quickly.

You can write a script and let it be executed every time after suspend. Here's how it works:

First, create a script that contains your touchpad settings. Mine looks like this:

#!/bin/bash
#=============
# touchpad.sh
#=============
# This script sets up my touchpad settings at login/after suspend
# Executed from /lib/systemd/system-sleep

# wait for a few seconds for the desktop to be set up properly first
sleep 5;

# synclient needs a server to connect to
declare -x DISPLAY=":0.0"
declare -x XAUTHORITY="/home/<YOUR USERNAME>/.Xauthority"

# enable middle click
synclient TapButton2=3
synclient TapButton3=2

# disable window switcher
synclient ClickFinger3=2

exit 0

Don't forget to insert YOUR USERNAME and to make the script executable: chmod a+x /path/to/script/touchpad.sh

Next, you create a script that will launch touchpad.sh after suspend. For ubuntu 16, you'll need to save it in the /lib/systemd/system-sleep/ directory. This is what mine looks like:

#!/bin/sh
case $1 in
  pre)
    # Place your pre suspend commands here, or `exit 0`
    # if no pre suspend action required
    exit 0
    ;;
  post)
    # Place your post suspend (resume) commands here, or
    # `exit 0` if no post suspend action required
    /path/to/script/touchpad.sh
    exit 0
    ;;
esac

You'll need root permissions to write into /lib/systemd/system-sleep/, and again don't forget to make the script executable with sudo chmod a+x your_wakeup_script.sh

Lastly, credits where credits are due.


Why is there no /etc/zsh.d/ in ubuntu, and where should I add system-wide options?

The system-wide zprofile (/etc/zsh/zprofile) in Ubuntu contains:

# /etc/zsh/zprofile: system-wide .zprofile file for zsh(1).
#
# This file is sourced only for login shells (i.e. shells
# invoked with "-" as the first character of argv[0], and
# shells invoked with the -l flag.)
#
# Global Order: zshenv, zprofile, zshrc, zlogin

emulate sh -c 'source /etc/profile'

/etc/profile, in turn, sources .sh files in /etc/profile.d programmatically:

if [ -d /etc/profile.d ]; then
  for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
    if [ -r $i ]; then
      . $i
    fi
  done
  unset i
fi

/etc/profile.d is not special in any other respect.

Additions to PATH you make in /etc/profile.d should affect zsh login shells. And for GUI users, LightDM sources /etc/profile, so any additions to PATH should be available to any program which doesn't reset it, including zsh.

IMO System-wide additions to PATH should be done using pam_env (either in /etc/environment or /etc/security/pam_env.conf, or custom files specified by an additional PAM rule).


Sure it is!  Grub is not limited to only 2 operating systems.  As as long as you have readable partitions that have OSes that grub can detect, it will work just fine.

I personally have 3 Operating Systems;  Ubuntu 16.04, Ubuntu Gnome 14.04 and Windows 10.

To answer your second question, no, it will not affect the other OSes.  For one, Windows cannot read EXT partitions out of the box.  You need to install software which can read EXT in order to access those partitions.  At this point, you're doing this on your own.

Linux can access the partitions from other OSes, even the Windows NTFS partitions.  However, this where labelling your partitions and knowing what is what is key.

By default, a Linux OS itself will not ever mess with other partitions at all.  You can manually access other partitions if you mount them, but again, at this point, you need to be aware that you're browsing the files of another OS and tread carefully.  Read all your want, but be aware when you're writing or deleting.


Unfortunately Wubi currently does not work with the default windows 8.1 boot loader assuming that you installed ubuntu in the "wubi" configuration. There is no easy fix for this at the moment (A windows bootloader limitation) that does not have you modifying your system bootloader.

Another option you have to try out ubuntu is in a Live-CD environment, which is included on the default ubuntu installation cd.

Live-CD is a boot option on the ubuntu default installation cd, that lets you run a full fledged ubuntu operating system using only the cd and RAM. When you quit out of the live cd any changes you made will not be saved (unless you modify your actual hardrive). This is great to try ubuntu as well as a recovery tool to use to fix broken or os-less computer systems.

However, in order for the live-cd to work, you're computer needs to be set up to boot from the CD instead of the harddrive (often times CD is checked by default but skipped when nothing is in the media), often times "fast boot" and some security options may disable booting from CD. If your computer skips checking the cd for boot media it will default to your existing harddrive and simply boot windows again.

If you restart your computer again, look for a message that says Press F12 to select boot media or something very similar, you may need to look in your computer manual to see what the exact way to select the Boot order.


How to access ubuntu machine from another network

First solution

I consider 175.184.197.74 is the gateway of the local network of IPADDRESS:8056.

To establish a connection, 175.184.197.74 must forward traffic incoming by 175.184.197.74:8056 to IPADDRESS:8056.

Since I don't know what is 175.184.197.74, I can't help you more.

Second solution

If you can't find how, you could use a reverse ssh tunnel to a remote host reachable by both.  There's a ton of very cheap VPS out there.

On ubuntu host you can do :

ssh -R 8056:localhost:8056 user@remoteIP

This will open a tunnel between remoteIP and IPADDRESS

This way, When you reach remoteIP on port 8056, traffic will be redirect to IPADDRESS on same port.

This access will be temporary. You should set the tunnel by using autossh in /etc/rc.local.

Good luck !


Problems with wifi after update to 14.04

Neither booting different older kernels nor restarting the network as supposed did help.

I've found a workaround, which persistently works: Setting the WLAN security on the Fritz box from WPA2 (CCMP) or WPA + WPA2 to WPA (TKIP). Can't explain why, but it works.

  Note added by editor: This is not an ideal solution as WPA2 should be used whenever possible. Check related links here and here. So, in anycase, you should prefer more secured solution.


Best format for an external HDD in 2019 to be used in MacOs, Windows 10 and Ubuntu Linux 19.04

What is the best to do for external hhd in 2019.

fat, ext2 and ext3 are basically obsolete and ext4 is not accepted by Microsoft. You will have 2 options:

exFAT
NTFS

where exFAT has the best compatibility across all different systems (it is supported on MAC, Windows, Linux, Playstation and lots more) but will require installing the exfat driver on Linux.


Is "screen-cleanup" service safe to disable?

Short Answer:

First of all, the mystery application to which that particular startup service belongs, is screen, which you may have installed separately, or it may have come as part of byobu terminal multiplexer.  Is it safe to disable? Basically, yes, but you won't be able to use screen. You can, however, still use byobu. I currently have it disabled, and writing this after a reboot.

More Details

Now, onto the investigation and some proofs. Every start-up process has a start-up scripts, and initialization scripts to those are located in /etc/rc folders. There is several of them, depending on your system's run level. Run level topic is something separate from this question, but if anyone is interested, I recommend reading up on this answer from superuser.com, and man pages for init, update-rc.d, and runlevel.

My current run-level is 2, and under /etc/rc2.d/ I have the initializing script for screen-cleanup, S20screen-cleanup. If you cat it, you'll see that basically all it does is clean up saved sessions from screen (stored in /var/run/screen).

Disabling can be done through Start-up Applications (GUI) or by renaming the initialization script from S20screen-cleanup to K20screeen-cleanup ( more precisely , it is 'sudo mv S20screen-cleanup K20screen-cleanup' command).

What will happen if you disable this service ? Having rebooted my machine , I tried 3 things: enter screen, enter byobu, and ls /var/run/screen . The result is that byobu still runs (probably because it falls back to using tmux,, which also comes with byobu), screen won't start (reports "Cannot make directory '/var/run/screen': Permission denied"
), and the said folder is not existent. But hey, the system is still running, everything still works, so you could say it's safe enough to disable that service, especially if you don't usually use screen or byobu.

P.S:   Although this answer is somewhat late, I hope moderators will allow leaving it here, so it may be useful to other users who are looking into disabling some of the startup services.


Graphics are slower in 11.10 after upgrade

this happened to me also, in 11.04 my graphics were fine but as soon as i fresh installed 11.10 it was slow, i have a system76 weldebeest with a gt430 card and on 11.04 nothing could stop it but in 11.10 i can barely do anything without lag its horrible and makes me sad...  i have drivers installed from the drivers applet, and i found a ppa that if you use to upgrade it helps the performance a tiny bit but this thing is still laggy as hell.

this is the ppa i used
http://blog.al4.co.nz/2011/10/slow-desktop-performance-on-ubuntu-11-10-with-nvidia-graphics-cards/

like i said this helps a little but performance sucks horribly in 11.10


libreoffice file->New overlays File menu

It looks like you are affected by this bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libreoffice/+bug/952325.

It might help to install the extension that integrates LibreOffice with the global menu. Input sudo apt-get install lo-menubar into a terminal.


This setting is enforced by your administrator

It appears that those settings are being enforced by southseattle.edu due to you signing in with an account belonging to them. When you signed in with this account, you got a warning explaining this. Signing out of the account should return control to you.


Since this is referencing ext2 we can gather it's trying to do something with the kernel. Given that it's during installation I'd go with that you do have bad sectors. The risk of continuing to run an HD with a bad hard drive is all up to you to assume, but the hassle isn't worth it. Just buy a new HD.

If you want to verify you have a bad hard drive

Boot from Live USB
Open up Disks from the launcher
Select the disk from the left
The top right contains SMART data and self-tests


Ubuntu 12.04 Google-earth install anomaly

Type in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install xfonts-75dpi xfonts-100dpi


My computer isn't recognizing/mounting CDs and DVDs

This problem was caused by a defective DVD I borrowed (I usually don't have DVDs at home).

As of now, I'm using a clean install of Ubuntu 16.04, and I don't have problems with either CDs or DVDs. (I only have to remind myself to set up libdvd-pkg after a fresh install.)

Thank you for your comments!


Backup packages from 12.04 and install it on 14.04

Package names and dependencies shift over time, which makes this pretty unreliable to do. You are better off trying to get a list of the packages you want to have on the new system and then install the new versions of them on 14.04. That way you will have the ones supported by the OS and will get normal updates... Otherwise you will likely end up in "dependency hell."

See Generating list of manually installed packages and querying individual packages for help getting the list of manually installed packages.


Unable to locate and open MATLAB after installation in Ubuntu 17.10

Determine where you get MATLAB installed (let's call it $MATLAB_ROOT) and try to launch it from terminal as $MATLAB_ROOT/bin/matlab. MATLAB icon may have .xpm or .png extension, you can add it to the desktop launcher.


Problem with boot Ubuntu on Acer Aspire V15 Nitro (Black Edition)

Acer typically required that you have latest UEFI from Acer for your system and systems with SSD need latest firmware from SSD vendor.

Acer has an unique requirement of setting "trust" on the "ubuntu" UEFI boot entry.

It may be shown as unknown until trust is set. You have to create an UEFI password & turn on UEFI secure boot to set trust. Be sure not to forget UEFI password, or reset to blank when done.

Other models, but Acer has similar UEFI for all systems.

Acer Aspire E15 will not dual boot

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2297947&p=13369742#post13369742

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2358003

Acer Cloudbook shows screen for selecting trust, shows typical screens for all Acer

http://bernaerts.dyndns.org/linux/74-ubuntu/340-ubuntu-install-acer-aspire-cloudbook-431

https://community.acer.com/en/categories/predator


Screen Resolution and ATI HD6850 Drivers Ubuntu 12.10

Catalyst Control Centre (CCC) should come installed with the drivers. If not, you should follow these instructions to reinstall the drivers/CCC and set them up correctly:

What is the correct way to install proprietary ATI Catalyst Video Drivers (fglrx) directly from AMD?


Phoronix have been monitoring the i7 series for a while now - for example, see here.

The key conclusions I've taken from reading their articles is that Ubuntu runs well on such processors - BUT (and you need to read further) - the newer Sandy Bridge graphics that come with the latest chipsets are not playing very well with Ubuntu in that the performance of the integrated graphics are not on par with Windows 7.

So, look at not just the processor, but also what type is the integrated graphics chipset.


You're using Ubuntu Gnome's default font Cantarell. Though I like this font, but it's Line Height is a bit higher, which is causing the menu label wrapping.

Install gnome-tweak-tool and change the font to something other than Cantarell. You can try Ubuntu font or install fonts-croscore package and use Arimo font, which is a great substitute of the Arial font.

In General, You can use this nice openjdk8 patch for Java applications in Linux to overcome java's classic non-antialiased ugly looks. The problem is this patch only works for OpenJDK8 as far as I know.


The timer is no longer an option. The rationale for the removal:

  Yes, this is by design. Basically, if the dialogs come up fast enough
  it doesn't really make a whole lot of sense to have them count down as
  well. People will see and respond to them. Thanks for noticing.

Source: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/indicator-session/+bug/548415


DisplayLink Display nearly working on 10.10

I played around with using DisplayLink under Linux and encountered problems related to the fact that Linux is still not very good at supporting multiple display adapters (unlike Windows) which, in my case, meant that my NVIDIA drivers won't work at the same time as the DisplayLink or fbdev drivers.

If you just want to try out the DisplayLInk (or multiple DisplayLinks) take a look at this, for example.

Good Luck.


I had this problem today. In the end, the solution for me was to use:

sudo -i gedit /etc/default/grub

And then edit this line to add nomodeset:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"


Disable CTRL+Q in Firefox without keyconfig extension

You should obtain a similar result, easier, enabling the hidden config option (about:config).

In Firefox's address bar, type about:config and accept the
warning that it will give. Now it appears in front of you a long
list of config options. Filter it typing the keyword  quit in
the filter bar (up top).  After that the filter acts you will have
only few lines. Click on browser.showQuitWarning and set it
true by clicking on it.
You can use this filter again with the keyword warnon and see if
the options "warn when close tabs" and similar are set to true.
In the Firefox's Options/Preferences (or Edit/preferences it depends from system and version), go
to the Tabs section and check the option "Warn me when
closing multiple tabs". This will prevent you to close a window with
multiple tab.

You will not completely disable Ctrl-Q but at least you will make it harmless.


Moving physical drive (SSD) with installed Ubuntu from one machine to another

I moved an SSD with Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS from a broken Lenovo Ideapad Y560 with ATI GPU to a Desktop PC with intel integrated graphics and it booted perfectly. Foremore, it detected new graphics card and install intel sandy drivers automatically.


Drive in `/etc/fstab`does not mount automatically after reboot

The possible culprit is that your network might not be available when the system is processing the fstab.  I believe auto is the default but would encourage you to add it.  Also add delay_connect to give time for the network to come fully up.

According to the mount manual the defaults options are rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, and async.  So you can replace what you have and itemize the defaults while adding the delay_connect option.

123.234.123.234:/folder /home nfs rw,suid,dev,exec,auto,nouser,async,delay_connect  0 1


How to create arguments in a custom bash script?

#!/bin/bash

pgrep "$1" | sudo xargs kill;

Replacing $process with $1 and removing the input part did the trick. in the case above.


Such compressed filesystem is called squashfs, it is used in many distros for live CD.

Loading fs in RAM seems what Grub command map does, also map --mem.


Desktop Player for Music Stored on Ubuntu One?

I know you can make a smart playlist that can play your Ubuntu One music just copy and paste the link to the music folder and paste it onto the smart playlist.


Try to install libgtk2.0-0 for i386, type the following command in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0:i386

Actually libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 belongs to libgtk2.0-0:

http://packages.ubuntu.com/saucy/i386/libgtk2.0-0/filelist


Step 1) Try another media - the one you are using may be scratched beyond readability

Step 2) Clean it. Dust on the laser can cause this. You can blow it off with canned air.

Step 3) Replace it with a known working drive.


It's likely that YUMI is creating a USB drive that's not bootable in EFI mode. In my experience, the most reliable way to create a bootable Ubuntu USB drive is with dd, as in sudo dd if=imagefile.iso of=/dev/sdc (changing imagefile.iso and /dev/sdc as appropriate for your file and system). If you don't have a working Linux installation, there are Windows ports of dd, and other tools that do the same thing -- basically a raw copy of the file to the disk.

If that fails, I recommend you check your firmware for options called "fast boot," "quick startup," or the like. Such options work by skipping certain system initialization steps, which often renders the computer unable to see USB flash drives until after an OS has booted. Disabling such an option in the firmware may render the USB flash drive bootable again.


How to permanently set /proc/fs/cifs/SecurityFlags?

It is set as an option when the kernel is compiled

/proc is a virtual file system, see http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/proc.html

  /proc is very special in that it is also a virtual filesystem. It's
  sometimes referred to as a process information pseudo-file system. It
  doesn't contain 'real' files but runtime system information (e.g.
  system memory, devices mounted, hardware configuration, etc). For this
  reason it can be regarded as a control and information centre for the
  kernel. In fact, quite a lot of system utilities are simply calls to
  files in this directory. For example, 'lsmod' is the same as 'cat
  /proc/modules' while 'lspci' is a synonym for 'cat /proc/pci'. By
  altering files located in this directory you can even read/change
  kernel parameters (sysctl) while the system is running.

See https://www.kernel.org/doc/readme/Documentation-filesystems-cifs-README

  SecurityFlags     Flags which control security negotiation and            also
  packet signing. Authentication (may/must)             flags (e.g. for NTLM
  and/or NTLMv2) may be combined with           the signing flags.  Specifying
  two different password            hashing mechanisms (as "must use") on the
  other hand            does not make much sense. Default flags are
                0x07007             (NTLM, NTLMv2 and packet signing allowed).  The maximum             allowable flags if you want to allow mounts to servers
            using weaker password hashes is 0x37037 (lanman,            plaintext,
  ntlm, ntlmv2, signing allowed).  Some             SecurityFlags require the
  corresponding menuconfig          options to be enabled (lanman and
  plaintext require             CONFIG_CIFS_WEAK_PW_HASH for example).  Enabling
            plaintext authentication currently requires also            enabling lanman
  authentication in the security flags          because the cifs module only
  supports sending          laintext passwords using the older lanman dialect
            form of the session setup SMB.  (e.g. for authentication            using
  plain text passwords, set the SecurityFlags           to 0x30030):

        may use packet signing              0x00001
        must use packet signing             0x01001
        may use NTLM (most common password hash)    0x00002
        must use NTLM                   0x02002
        may use NTLMv2                  0x00004
        must use NTLMv2                 0x04004
        may use Kerberos security           0x00008
        must use Kerberos               0x08008
        may use lanman (weak) password hash         0x00010
        must use lanman password hash           0x10010
        may use plaintext passwords             0x00020
        must use plaintext passwords            0x20020
        (reserved for future packet encryption)     0x00040

You can overide this with mount options

See https://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/manpages-3/mount.cifs.8.html

  sec= Security mode. Allowed values are:

  none attempt to connection as a null user (no name)

  krb5 Use Kerberos version 5 authentication

  krb5i Use Kerberos authentication and packet signing

  ntlm Use NTLM password hashing (default)

  ntlmi Use NTLM password hashing with signing (if
  /proc/fs/cifs/PacketSigningEnabled on or if server requires signing
  also can be the default)

  ntlmv2 Use NTLMv2 password hashing

  ntlmv2i Use NTLMv2 password hashing with packet signing

  [NB This [sec parameter] is under development and expected to be
  available in cifs kernel module 1.40 and later]

If you need help, post your mount options or entry in fstab and error message you get when you try to mount.


Invalid signature error for ROS repository while trying to do sudo apt-get update

You have to re-add the mentioned GPG key to the system by using command below
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys F42ED6FBAB17C654


Insanity joining Server 12.04 to Windows AD

Adding Active Directory machine as the primary DNS server solved this for me.

You may also want to modify /etc/resolv.conf by adding entries for both your domain name and Domain Controller.

I also recommend you install WINS on your DC in addition to DNS.


Youtube only show videos in 360p quality in Firefox Developer Edition

Try installing this add-on onto your Firefox.


Unable to connect via Remmina both computers Ubuntu 16.04

As a first step have you tried disabling firewall?
sudo ufw disable

Then try and see if you get same results.
If you connect and issue is resolved, then you need to know what ports your program uses and make a simple firewall rule and re-enable firewall and test again to see if issue is resolved.


Why isn't an upgrade to 20.04 from 18.04 available yet?

See https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/focal-fossa-20-04-1-lts-point-release-status-tracking/17604 for the current status.
On 25 September 2020, the final upgrade-blocking bug was closed.
If you are reading this on 25-27 September, just be patient while your local mirror catches up.


what is the difference between these 3 files. xorg.conf, xorg.conf.failsafe and xorg.conf.nvidia-xconfig-original

xorg.conf is the one that is being used, if available.  It is no longer required, which is why the original was empty; normally, it's not even present, but certain install scripts, such as nvidia, will create backup copies when making a change.

So, the failsafe copy is one that will work, but at a reduced resolution and functionality.  It may have been created by an old installer, as I don't think nvidia creates that. But I no longer have nvidia drivers, so I could be mistaken.  If you run the nvidia script more than once, you'll end up with more backups.

If there is ever a problem with video, such as no GUI at all, you can often use a terminal to go into the directory and rename the files to change the behavior.  In theory, you can rename xorg.conf to xorg.conf.1, or anything else you want, and then copy the failsafe version to xorg.conf.

There is some good information on askubuntu, such as this:


Is there a way to install the latest version of Unity in 10.10?

No there isn't.
Firstly they were planning to backport but they decided not to backport.

  As some of you may know, there have been some discussions about
  backporting
  "unity compiz" to maverick as we had backported unity to lucid with a
  dedicated ppa and its own session.

  However, after some porting discussions and following the natty work I
  think
  we should perhaps consider not doing that because it's going to take
  quite
  some work for a moderated benefit and we would better spend those
  efforts in
  making natty rocking.

Here is the relevant discussion.


Problem with fan(cooler) in Lenovo G 40-80 in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Install cpufrequtils:

sudo apt-get install cpufrequtils

Go to terminal and type:

cpufreq-info

If your laptop is running intel_pstate, we have to disable that.

In terminal:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

And edit this line so it looks like this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="intel_pstate=disable quiet splash"

Then, reboot, and type this in terminal:

sudo cpufreq-set -g ondemand

What this command does is set a governor that controls the CPU based on load. Therefore, if you aren't running many intensive programs, your CPU will idle at a lower clock speed, thereby using less power and using less heat.

Now, if this doesn't work, we can try to manually control your fans. It is unlikely you will be able to control them, as you have a consumer laptop that is relatively recent- there probably aren't drivers for the fans.

sudo apt-get lm-sensors

See if your fan is there, with its RPM reading. If it is, then we can control the fan.

See this thread for more information: How to control fan speed?


Problem with notification sound on Viber

My Viber didn't play any sound notification in my Sony Vaio with Ubuntu 14.04. I fix it changing the "Audio Output" on Viber Settings>Audio & Video.

I hope this can solve your problem too.

Best Regards,
Rachid


How to avoid pip install global packages accidentally?

I am not as good at writing bash scripts but you can replace the pip command with an alias in your bashrc with this script

if [[ $(python -c 'import sys; print (sys.real_prefix)' 2>/dev/null) ]]; then
 /path/to/actual/pip/executable install $1;
else
 echo "not in a virtual env";
fi

This script solve your problem. If there is anyone who can find an issue in the script or improve it, please do.


Why do-release-upgrade does not show 14.04 even if it was officially released?

Ubuntu 14.04LTS has not been officially released for 12.04LTS users. This is scheduled for July 24th 2014, when the first dot-release (service pack) becomes available as Ubuntu 14.04.1.

Upgrading a whole distribution of software is entirely different from just upgrading an OS like Windows or OS X. When you upgrade Ubuntu, all your software is upgraded and is supposed to work without any configuration or that sort of thing. This makes the upgrade process much more difficult than a clean install and thus requires more time to develop. So the LTS-upgrade process is still in development even if 14.04LTS itself is stable.

This is why LTS users are never presented with an upgrade path until a few months after the new version is released.


It is very much possible(and normal) to have GRUB(and various options for GRUB) even if you are using only Ubuntu. Those options gives you some flexibility to try out various options in the only O/S(Ubuntu) that you have.


I was actually mounting /boot before / and it is the only problem here.

Just swap both in my config storage make my deployment ok, here is the end of my storage config now :

- id: lv1_mount
  type: mount
  path: /
  device: lv1_fs
- id: mount-md0_format
  device: md0_format
  path: /boot
  type: mount

Now my /boot contains all the files it should.


Valgrind is what's usually used to look at memory leaks and related problems.


You got this error message:
E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/octave/stable/ubuntu bionic Release' does not have a Release file.

ppa:octave/stable does not support Ubuntu 18.04, so remove it from sources.list and install the octave package from the default Ubuntu 18.04 repositories instead. Open the terminal and type:
pkill octave
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:octave/stable
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:mc3man/trusty-media
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt purge octave
sudo apt install octave


This is a known issue.

As a workaround that does not require reinstalling unetbootin, you can run this command:

sudo QT_X11_NO_MITSHM=1 unetbootin

What the above command does is disable shared memory access for running this Qt based application, allowing it to work properly on GNOME.

The PPA source for unetbootin in the accepted answer includes the prefix to disable shared memory access in the default run command so that launching it from the GUI shortcut just works without any hassle: https://launchpad.net/~gezakovacs/+archive/ubuntu/ppa

Source of answer:
https://github.com/unetbootin/unetbootin/issues/67


Scripting Help to filter out an IP-address

You should be able to use grep

grep -F 'z.z.z.z' logfile > results

The -F (--fixed-strings) argument prevents the period separators from being interpreted using regular expression syntax (which would match 'any character') but rather as literal periods.


Your fdisk and parted outputs both indicate that you've got two disks: /dev/sda and /dev/sdb. The "GPT data" error seems to be coming from /dev/sdb. I recommend running FixParts on this disk. This program is part of the gdisk package, which you may need to install. If it detects stray GPT data, it will ask you if you want to remove it. You can then exit from FixParts without making any more changes. You can also try running FixParts on /dev/sda, but I suspect it's completely clean of stray GPT data.

Incidentally, Richard is correct about GPT storing a second copy of its data at the end of the disk; but given the steps you've taken and the output you've shown, I don't think you're seeing the effects of that data on /dev/sda; I think you're seeing stray GPT data in sectors 1-33 (and probably at the end of the disk) on /dev/sdb.


I had the same issue a few days ago. Login in with safe mode go to terminal and update navida with

  sudo apt-get purge nvidia*


To install packages via aptitude:

sudo aptitude install <package_name>

To remove packages:

sudo aptitude purge <package_name>

Refer man page of aptitude for more.


Lubuntu 18.04 LXTerminal - strange behavior?

Looks like your tty settings got messed up. stty sane should help, also man stty.


You could use dd command. If you have an iso image of the cdrom you can use:

dd if=/path/to/iso/winxp.iso of=/dev/sdc bs=4M

or is you have a windows XP CD-ROM you can use:

dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/dev/sdc bs=4M

Note: The /dev/sdc disk is just an example. You have to find out which drive is your pendrive. You can use either df or lsblk commands. Otherwise you might overwrite hard drive with important data.


Launcher icons invisible, still work in 12.04

Have you tried unity --reset-icons?

It's best to run this kind commands from tty1. Press Ctrl+Alt+f1, log in and then enter these commands:

unity --reset-icons
unity --reset
reboot


On Ubuntu 10.04, relatime is part of the default mount options, unless overridden in /etc/fstab. The previous few releases had relatime explicitly in /etc/fstab. relatime gives the same speed (and flash write cycle conservation) benefits as noatime, without causing trouble to old-fashioned mail notifiers.
The article you cite recommends data=writeback. Ubuntu defaults to data=ordered. Ubuntu's setting is slower in case of heavy disk load, but carries significantly less risk of data loss in case of a crash or power failure. So I would not recommend changing from the Ubuntu default.
Changing commit=5 to commit=100 increases the time window during which data will be lost in case of a crash, for little benefit in most circumstances.
Summary: leave the settings as they are, they were chosen for a reason.

ADDED: There are other things beyond mount options than can make a difference. Switching from ext3 to ext4 is itself often a visible improvement. Here are a few more tips for laptop users.

If you have a slow SSD, check out this thread at SU. The important tips are to use tmpfs for /tmp and for the browser cache (and perhaps history).

If you have a hard disk and you want it to stop spinning for extended lengths of time, then install noflushd, which allows the disk to spin down by delaying all writes until the RAM is full. (Of course, reads can cause the disk to spin up; you'll want to get into the habit of running cat /files/I/m/likely/to/need >/dev/null before the disk spins down.) In order for noflushd to be effective, turn off all swap and mount your filesystems with something like commit=3600.
Using noflushd effectively means that your data can remain unwritten to disk for an extended length of time. This is a risk, to be weighed against the benefit of not having any noise or heat coming from the disk for a while. Don't use noflushd if you're not comfortable with that risk.


Doing

username:~/Software/umongo-linux-all_1-6-2$ chmod +x launch-umongo.sh

would only set the permissions of launch-umongo.sh to execute and not launch it.

To launch it from the terminal, type ./launch-umongo.sh after doing the chmod +x command from earlier. Since you have set it to have execute permissions, you can run the script from the file manager by double-clicking it.

The reason why you get a text editor when you run it is because the file only has read/write permissions from the start when you extracted it.


It seems there may be issues with Nvidia driver 415 and higher. Try using a 410 or lower driver for the time being. https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/1044547/linux/audio-problems-with-the-415-18-drivers/4


Ubuntu flavors or derivatives

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuFlavors

  Introduction to Flavors

  The difference between the flavors are in the set of packages
  installed. However, all flavors of Ubuntu use the same repository for
  downloading updates, so the same set of packages is available
  regardless of which flavor you have installed...

http://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/derivatives

  Derivatives Ubuntu is a popular operating system and a popular
  starting point for people who want to create their own operating
  systems.

  Derivatives of Ubuntu include local-language and hardware-specific
  versions...

Kubuntu

http://www.kubuntu.org/

  Kubuntu is based on free software from many
  communities of developers including:

  KDE Software, applications that
  give you power
  Plasma, KDE's desktop and netbook workspaces
  Linux, an operating system kernel taking over the world   Debian, supplying
  most of our packages
  Ubuntu, turning free software into distributions such as Kubuntu

KDE

http://www.kde.org/

  The KDE® Community is an international technology team dedicated to
  creating a free and user-friendly computing experience, offering an
  advanced graphical desktop, a wide variety of applications for
  communication, work, education and entertainment and a platform to
  easily build new applications upon...

Installing KDE or Kubuntu

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingKDE

Removing desktop enviroments

How to completely remove desktop?

How to remove desktop environments?


You should think of this the other way around: you don't take away privileges from users, you give them only those they need. So, just create a regular user, not an administrator. Then add this line to /etc/sudoers (do that by running sudo vosudo):

username ALL=PASSWD:/sbin/ifconfig

The user username will now have the right to run ifconfig but not anything else that a normal user wouldn't need to. They just need to run sudo ifconfig and it will work. However, attempting to run sudo ls or anything else with sudo will fail.


How do I get my stuff off a non-working Ubuntu machine?

One way is to user another bootable ubuntu USB stick/CD and then trying the live boot. After the computer is booted, the open the terminal and type lsblk
 This will show all your hard drives on your computer. Mount the hard drive to /mnt using mount /dev/sda<your_hard_drive_no> /mnt. Now you can copy all the data to another storage media by visiting /mnt directory.


Will Sun's Java be available from Canonical's partner repository?

Sun Java has been disabled via a security update due to it exposing users to known security holes and has been removed from the partner archive.

  Due to the severity of the security risk, Canonical is immediately releasing a security update for the Sun JDK browser plugin which will disable the plugin on all machines. This will mitigate users' risk from malicious websites exploiting the vulnerable version of the Sun JDK.

As such people are strongly encouraged to either install OpenJDK or Oracle's JDK for their Java needs. Third party PPAs that distribute "sun java" earlier than update 28 are also vulnerable, and should not be recommended for any kind of use.

This page has a more detailed explanation of the issue:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LucidLynx/ReleaseNotes/Java6Transition

And you can find information about Java in the official documentation:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Java

To install OpenJDK follow these instructions:

How do I install Java?

and here are instructions from this site if you want to install Oracle Java:

How can I install Sun/Oracle's proprietary Java JDK 6/7/8 or JRE?
How do I install Oracle Java JDK 7?