Function keys for ASUS n56vm not working

This solution for the FN Keys worked for me on

ubuntustudio 12.10 64bit [ASUS N56VM]

(I advice you I'm not an expert)

With a fresh install of ubuntustudio the keyboard backlight and display brightness fn keys [f3, f4, f5, f6] don't work to me, so I did:

1. Download and install: kernel 3.7.0-7 lowlatency

download these three files: 1) headers_all 2) headers 3)
image (here you can find the download links)
from the terminal go in the directory where they have been downloaded
and then install them with the following commands:

sudo dpkg -i linux-lowlatency-headers-3.7.0-7_3.7.0-7.5_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.7.0-7-lowlatency_3.7.0-7.5_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux-image-3.7.0-7-lowlatency_3.7.0-7.5_amd64.deb

restart the system selecting in the grub this new kernel

So now (at least to me) the following fn key works:
f2 [wirelss], f5 [brightenss down], f6 [brightness up], f7 [turn off screen], f10-f11-f12 [audio controls]

2. Write a script to get full permissions on the file we need to control

run the following commands [means: go to the folder /init.d -> create a file called asus-kbd_backlight.sh -> open it with gedit]

cd /etc/init.d sudo touch asus-kbd_backlight.sh && gedit asus-kbd_backlight.sh

now copy this:

/bin/chmod 777 /sys/class/leds/asus::kbd_backlight/brightness

and paste it in the file, save and close it
now go back to the terminal and write the following commands:

sudo chmod 744 /etc/init.d/asus-kbd_backlight.sh
sudo chown root:root /etc/init.d/asus-kbd_backlight.sh
sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/fan-speed-init.sh /etc/rc2.d/S99asus-kbd_backlight.sh

3. Write two other small shell scripts [thanks to this answer]

open a new file with a texteditor like gedit and write the following:

#!/bin/bash
echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/asus::kbd_backlight/brightness

save it as i.e. : asus-keysOff
open another new file with a texteditor and write the following:

#!/bin/bash
echo 3 > /sys/class/leds/asus::kbd_backlight/brightness

save it as i.e. : asus-keysOn

4. Assign these scripts to keyboard shortcuts

go on the Settings Manager -> Keyboard -> Application Shortcuts
add a new one, as Command choose the file asus-keysOn press Ok and in the next dialog box press the keys combination: fn+F3.
now to turn off again add a new shortcut, as Command choose the file asus-keysOff press Ok and in the next dialog box press the keys combination: fn+F4

5. Reboot and use the fn keys

It works only on/off with no gradual levels [it should work with four levels: 0-1-2-3...] but it works.

hope this could be of help


That helped me with this kind of problem:

WINEDEBUG=-all wine "/home/user/.wine/drive_c/Program Files (x86)/World of Warcraft/WoW.exe" -noautolaunch64bit


How do I check services requiring a restart (of services, not the machine) by installing updates to other packages

Use the -s flag:

-s, --simulate, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon, --no-act
No action. Perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not actually change the system.

Just the output is printed, you can see if it would restart a service there.


Which is the preferred environment to start hacking unity?

The Getting Involved with Unity is where this documentation will all eventually be documented.

There is an architecture overview that should get you started. If you want to add new places for unity-places, you can find some documentation here.


Can't login after shutdown 20.04 chrome-remote-desktop issue

Eventually this has nothing to do with the way the machine was shutdown.
An hour before I have installed the chrome-remote-desktop. This prevented my login.
To solve it I pressed Ctrl+Alt+F4 to log into tty4. I ran:
sudo apt-get purge chrome-remote-desktop

and then reboot. This solved my problem.


Why do Guest Additions need kernel headers in VirtualBox 4.04.?

I found that installing dkms with

sudo apt-get install dkms

resolved this error/warning for me. See this answer.


How to protect mysql-server when upgrading ubuntu?

It seems something went wrong on the first couple of simulations. I changed something in my script and it is now holding perfectly.

So for anyone who were to cross this question, apt-mark hold <package> does work as expected


Well when I ran xrandr command I got the result and a virtual display was shut down and the native resolution came into effect!!

Don't know how it happened but it became fine!


Configure NIC as dedicated VPN interface

First upgrade from 15.04. It's dead and vulnerable to attack.

Secondly, I'd strongly recommend doing this with in an LXC container (or with Docker, which uses LXC). A container limits anything within it to whatever you like, including network stuff.

That way you can force OpenVPN onto a certain network interface. And then force a load of applications to use the VPN. All without disrupting the main network connection and everything outside the container. For granular access, you can run a proxy within the container and expose that to your host computer's applications.

It isn't trivial though. Currently it involves using privileged containers (okay but not ideal) and there are several hacks you have to do to make it all work. The most complete guide on the matter is here but an amount of Googling around "lxc vpn" will help.


Should files permissions be transferred across computers?

OK, a few different things:

To be pedantic, you haven't given the script executable permission, you've given your user permission to execute the script.  This sounds like the same thing but it is critically different.  The file is inert so it's the user that must take the action that would potentially matter here.
As an easy way to kind of look at the overall situation: Linux filesystem permissions cease to exist outside of the filesystem that created it.  If you use this same script on a Windows machine, Windows will have no concept of what like "755" permissions meant on Linux.
Finally, git basically drops all the Linux filesystem permissions with the exception of the execute bit.  Outside of the exception for the execute bit, files created by git clone have their permissions otherwise set by your umask.

EDIT: To Answer the other questions:

File permissions do make Linux more secure.  For instance, your user should really only have write permissions to your home directory.  If you do something silly or run a virus, the only place that things can be written to (without something like a privesc) is your home directory.  Clean up is super easy at that point, just delete your home directory and start over.  File permissions are also useful when you have multiple users on the system to ensure that they aren't able to read/write each other's files unless granted that permission.
Regarding where permissions are actually stored, that information is kept in the filesystem as file metadata.  As a silly analogy, files are like letters with an envelope.  Editors and whatnot look at the letter whereas permissions, filename, etc are on the envelope which is stored as filesystem metadata.  If you want to get into the details, some of this metadata is stored in the inode and some is stored in the containing directory entry.  When you transfer a file, only the data (the letter) is transferred and the metadata (the envelope) is discarded unless some other mechanism is in place to save the metadata (e.g. tar file, git as previously described, etc).


I suggest you should update your repository, open terminal and run:
nano /etc/apt/sources.list
Replace the old repository with the new repository, save the file. Then run:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3


Run sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop

This should reinstall the ubuntu-desktop metapackage, which depends on packages required for a normal desktop environment.


How to echo "some text" and result of function in one line?

You can use a command substitution

echo "Here is your current directory: $(pwd)"

However you might want to get into the habit of preferring printf over echo

printf 'Here is your current directory: %s\n' "$(pwd)"

Note: you could just tell echo not to include the terminating newline e.g.

echo -n "Here is your current directory: "
pwd

but it's not recommended - see Why is printf better than echo?


Disabling keyboard '\' key autotype and fixing

Nope, it does not look like malware -- it looks more like a broken keyboard. Try to boot the LiveCD and see what happens.


Usually:

tar -xf file.tar.bz2
cd dir_name
./configure
make
sudo make install

*dir_name* is the same as file name but without file extension.

You would probobly need build-essential package before compiling.

You can install it by typing:

sudo apt-get install build-essential

Like iSeth said it's better and simpler to install Wine from repo by just typing:

sudo apt-get install wine


Can Juju connect services that are in different environments?

The feature you are looking for we call "cross environment relations", and unfortunately we do not support that yet. Here's the bug report for it if you want to follow along though:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/juju/+bug/1049340


No, upgrading to Natty will not alter any partitioning, provided you use the correct method:

sudo do-release-upgrade -d

Also see man do-release-upgrade

I feel obligated to link to How safe it is to upgrade to natty at the moment? :-)


Is there a modern free-born file system working equally good in Ubuntu and Windows?

There's the Universal Disk Format.

But Ubuntu/Gnome/udev doesn't support it much outside of DVDs. And Windows might not run it from ordinary partitions either without helper tools. But at least there is sufficient kernel support for it be useable as interchange filesystem.

Since it's an ISO standard I'm assuming it's free from discriminatory software-patents.


My Prolific Technology, Inc. PL2303 Serial Port adapter doesn't work in either ubuntu 13:10 or 14:04

To answer my own questions:

the usb-serial drivers for PL2303 do work and are not broken. I think most of the problems arise from the initialization where the DTR line defaults to -ve volts ie 0. Previous versions of Ubuntu (i.e. 10.04) the default was +ve volts on the DTR line. Note that other usb to serial converters such as Belkin F5U409 in UBUNTU 14.04 default to +ve volts on DTR line thus work OK. Confirmation of working drivers was done using GTKterm and toggling the DTR line. Furthermore connection to a Stanford Research SR830 Lock-in amplifier was established and its identify verified.
Having established working drivers, the solution in tcl/tk is to use the -ttycontrol switch within the fconfigure command. i.e.:

...

set device "/dev/ttyUSB0"

set dh [open $device r+]

fconfigure $dh -mode $baud_rate,$parity,$data_bits,$stop_bits -translation binary -encoding binary -blocking 0 -buffering line -ttycontrol {RTS 0 DTR 1}

set tmpstr [ read $dh ]

close $dh

...

Works for me :).


Try sh ./netbeans-6.9.1-ml-linux.sh  .

Or anyway, that worked for me:

$ sh netbeans-6.9.1-ml-linux.sh
Configuring the installer...
Searching for JVM on the system...
Extracting installation data...
Running the installer wizard...

If that's not working, we may need to look at whether you have any missing dependencies....

In the installer I just downloaded, line 1897 is:

            printf "Executando o assistente do instalador...\n"

Not a "(" in sight on mine.

Here's the md5sum of the file I have:

$ md5sum  netbeans-6.9.1-ml-linux.sh
9b00ecdc6e7a80dec5b882343d0ed6db  netbeans-6.9.1-ml-linux.sh

And here's my system (Ubuntu 10.10 with uname -a) :

Linux mercator 2.6.35-25-generic #44-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 21 17:40:44 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux


Upgrade killed my access to Brother scanner. No gscan2pdf, xsane etc. (Brother MFC-8480DN) Here is how I fixed it

Try installing drivers for Brother AIO printer drivers which has scanner function, which found in Main Ubuntu Repository

sudo apt-get install brother-lpr-drivers-ac brother-lpr-drivers-bh7 brother-lpr-drivers-common brother-lpr-drivers-extra brother-lpr-drivers-laser brother-lpr-drivers-laser1 brother-cups-wrapper-extra


Its an interesting question.

You may try ubuntu studio version 13.04 (Raring Ringtail )for multimedia.

This version still need to be tested.  You may check the following url:

http://ubuntustudio.org/2013/04/ubuntu-studio-13-04-raring-ringtail-release-candidates-needs-testing/


Configure fcitx input method and keyboard layout

Go to the Addon Config of the Input Method settings, select Show Advanced Options. Then find the X Keyboard Integration, and press the Settings button on the right of the corresponding line. On the popup window unselect the first line: "Allow to rewrite system XKB setup" (or something line this: I look the Russian version). Confirm changes, restart Fcitx. Finally start XKB setting, change something forth and back, and confirm changes (it is necessary to remove all changes in the XKB configuration made by Fcitx). That is all.


I found another solution for my Ubuntu 14.04 system. Maybe it works for you.

First, install laptop-mode-tools

sudo apt-get install laptop-mode-tools

Then, you must enable the auto-hibernate function. You must edit a text file:

sudo gedit /etc/laptop-mode/conf.d/auto-hibernate.conf

There, look for ENABLE_AUTO_HIBERNATION parameter and replace the 0 with a 1:

  ENABLE_AUTO_HIBERNATION=1

In the same file, you also want to adjust the battery charge percentage when the computer hibernates. For example:

  AUTO_HIBERNATION_BATTERY_CHARGE_PERCENT=3

Save the file and test the configuration letting your battery discharge.
If it works, you must set laptop-mode-tools as default, by creating a script:

sudo touch /etc/pm/sleep.d/10-laptop-mode-tools
sudo chmod a+x /etc/pm/sleep.d/10-laptop-mode-tools
sudo gedit /etc/pm/sleep.d/10-laptop-mode-tools

Then, in gedit, copy and paste this:

case $1 in
    hibernate)
        /etc/init.d/laptop-mode stop
        ;;
    suspend)
        /etc/init.d/laptop-mode stop
        ;;
    thaw)
        /etc/init.d/laptop-mode start
        ;;
    resume)
        /etc/init.d/laptop-mode start
        ;;
    *)
        echo Something is not right.
        ;;
esac

Save the file, then restart the system and test again. I hope that it works for you.

In my opinion, it looks like something is interfering with the the gnome-power-manager. If someone else reproduces the problem, then we can report a bug.

References:

Tips for save power by Penalvch https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PowerManagement/ReducedPower#Using_less_power_with_laptop-mode-tools

Re: Getting Ubuntu to automatically suspend on battery low (command-line) by
Isamu715 http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2092327&p=12394451#post12394451


Can't install libudev-dev on xUbuntu 20.04

This answer was possible thanks to Videonauth's answer

My guess is that there is a simple mix-up in the control file of that archive, you should report that as a bug.
However a actual workaround is a very dirty hack. Be careful, it may can as well break things!
Open a terminal. I recommend doing this in a dir inside shm for cleanness and speed:
mkdir /dev/shm/fixingudev
cd /dev/shm/fixingudev

Download the closest libudev-dev_245.4 package from here. Make sure this is the closest version for your case to avoid incompatibilities! A difference after the dash shouldn't be much but if the sub-version is different, stop and rethink this.
wget "" -O "libudev-dev_before.deb"
// E.g. wget "https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/s/systemd/libudev-dev_245.4-4ubuntu3.6_amd64.deb" -O "libudev-dev_before.deb"

There unpack the .deb archive with:
dpkg-deb -R libudev-dev_before.deb tmp

Then change one line inside the tmp/DEBIAN/control file:
sed -i 's/245.4-4ubuntu3.6/245.4-4ubuntu3.5/' tmp/DEBIAN/control

After this repack the .deb file with
dpkg-deb -b tmp libudev-dev_after.deb

Now you can install it after you made sure you have all dependencies installed already with:
dpkg -i libudev-dev_after.deb

Warning: This fix might work, but it can as well break things if there are changes which are not taken into account properly by the maintainers. So understand you do this hack at your own risk.


Why I can't open mysql 5.6.10 from terminal on Ubuntu 12.10?

I don't know exactly what step of that guide is wrong (or is missing), but you didn't installed the package to open the mysql console from a terminal.

To work with MySQL from a terminal, you have to install the Client package. As stated in your output, you can install it entering this command:

sudo apt-get install mysql-client-core-5.5

A great guide, well written, step by step and with very useful information is the Ubuntu community LAMP guide. If you will install one component or all the packages, that guide will be really useful.


how to pass a python variable into a bash script?

subprocess.call(['bash','./script.sh',{param1},{param2},{etc}])

You accept the variables as $1, $2 etc in "script.sh"


Ubuntu will not install after using a live usb stick

It is possible that you have Fast Boot enabled. This prevents GRUB from booting. Try http://www.windows10update.com/2015/05/windows-10-tutorials-66-how-to-enable-or-disable-fast-startup/.

It is also possible that you need to change your BIOS settings. While your computer is booting, press f2 or esc or delete (depends on manufacturer) and change the boot order so that the Ubuntu boots first.

If neither of those options work, boot into Ubuntu Live and download boot-repair and run it.


Install a Graphic driver is it really necessary?

Ubuntu is ready to use from the very first moment that you boot. Normally there isn't need to install other drivers (or modules) after installation (unless some really corner cases, I never installed another drivers).

"gallium 0.4 on amd cedar" is a code name for the mesa driver. Mesa is the library that allows software to use OpenGL and HWA capabilities of the graphics cards. Most likely your real driver is called radeon. Unlike Windows, your system comes with the most common modules loaded and ready to use, so, yes, that is correct driver for your system and you most likely won't have any problem using any other software.


Most likely, there is not. Ubuntu is (IIRC) not supported for mobile devices anymore (not even at all for tablets). I would not recommend trying to install desktop Ubuntu on it either due to desktop Ubuntu not being optimized for ARM tablets.


Is one distribution better for Virtualbox 5.1 inside Ubuntu 16.04?

I ended up going with Lubuntu 16.04. I had many problems setting up Virtualbox but I guess everyone does. In the end I had to downgrade x upgrade grub resolution from 1920x1080 to 1600x1200 to record the grub screen:

Advantages of Lubuntu 16.04 over Manjaro

You get the familiar Debian commands like sudo apt install.
You can copy many of the same script used in Ubuntu 16.04.
If you have questions about Lubuntu many answers are already here in Ask Ubuntu


Install the Cantarell font. Without it, it gets routed to Deja Vu Sans, which doesn't look as good.


First, you likely need to specify a path to all commands.  For example:

00 08  * * mon-fri DISPLAY=:0 /usr/bin/xset dpms force on

Alternatively, you can put a PATH line at the top of your crontab file.  See man 5 crontab.

Second, the system should send cron output to you by email.  Check it for error messages.


Set Firefox as favourite in KDE5 for all new users in (K)ubuntu 16.04

Solution

Open KRunner (default shortcut is Alt + F2)
Type: kdesudo kate /etc/xdg/kickoffrc. Then type your password.

Before editing you can ensure that kickoffrc is really placed there by running find $(echo $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS | sed 's/:/ /g') -name kickoffrc 2>/dev/null in Konsole. Echoing $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS will show you directories where this file can be placed.

It seems that on fresh install of Kubuntu 16.04.3 kickoffrc file does not exist which results in empty favorites list when you create a new user. In such case just paste following lines into it and save:

[Favorites]
FavoriteURLs=firefox.desktop

Otherwise, add firefox.desktop after the existing *.desktop files listed next to FavoriteURLs=. Separate it by comma. After new user creation they will appear in the same order as you placed them in /etc/xdg/kickoffrc. If you want to add some others default favorite applications you can find them in /usr/share/applications/.

Research

On Kubuntu 17.10 the configuration file of Kickoff (that is the name of the Application Launcher widget) do exists and contains some .desktop entries. Fortunately, they differs from default favorites for kickoff manually added to your desktop. One could find the right configuration file by searching an entry that is present at kickoff added by launching plasma for the first time at a new user account, but not present by default in manually added kickoff widget — for example libreoffice-startcenter.desktop (using grep -r "libreoffice-startcenter.desktop" in root directory)

It seems that there is a specification named XDG Base Directory Specification which KDE uses to store its configuration files. As can be read here system-wide configuration is stored by default in /etc/xdg/ directory. Before editing these files one can ensure real system-wide directories by checking the value of XDG_CONFIG_DIRS environmental variable.

Format of kickoffrc favorites list is the same as described here.


how to really fix ubuntu after a botched upgrade

Please be advised, that many of us are experiencing that same error as you have reported.  It is not directly related to how your system is running presently, and thus, if you are satisfied otherwise that your system has returned to normal, breathe freely.  This error has been reported as related to Samba and is being addressed.  You can google that error message and see it quite easily!


Home directory tilde symbol replaced with minus symbol

Have you tried to change something in your prompt ?

From man bash: "PS1  The value of this parameter is expanded (see PROMPTING below) and used as the primary prompt string."

You can echo the content of PS1 with:
echo $PS1
and then you can try to change it with typing
PS1='\h:$(pwd) (\w) -> '
where

\h : the hostname up to the first ‘.’
$(pwd) : the working directory
\w : the current working directory, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde

If the latest command restore your tilde, you can check in ~/.bashrc for the PS1 definition (if your shell is bash).


What is correct GRUB_GFXMODE variable format in grub?

The correct syntax is to use an x:

widthxheightxdepth

Interestingly, at the top of the file it mention a command to get help with this file :)

info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'

This command will give you the following information at 15.1.10:

There is also web documentation in HTML format.

About the depth value, as long as it is an integer you'd be fine :-)


Should I use Ubuntu OS on a new laptop supplied without an OS?

Since there aren't any dedicated graphics card, and you have 4 GB of RAM, and also you have 500 GB of hard disk space, so, you won't be able to play any high-end games.

Again, if you use softwares like Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Dreamweaver, AutoCAD, etc. then it is inevitable. You have to use Windows.

But if you can compromise on the above two factors, then, you can definitely use Ubuntu without any second thought.

But I would suggest that you first dual boot your laptop with windows and Ubuntu and see that how much time you spent on the two OSes. Then decide on the OS you want to keep.


Ubuntu Encryption, Partition Size and NTFS Access

To install Ubuntu with encryption alonside another operating system, see How can I install Ubuntu encrypted with LUKS with dual-boot. It's about 13.04 but the same principles apply.
See Remove Bitlocker encryption on Ubuntu 16.04. (Disregard the title, it is about accessing BitLocker-encrypted disks.)
With encryption the partitioning scheme uses two partitions, one for /boot and one for a LUKS container containing a LVM physical volume containing a LVM  volume group containing at least two logical volumes -- one for / and one for the paging space. (Or at least one, because you can dispense with the swap volume if you are willing to create a swap file.)
/boot needs 250 to 500 MiB. For the rest of the system you need about 20 to 25 GiB plus how much space you want for your files, documents, pictures, projects etc. How big or small to make the swap volume depends on the specific use; for example, if you want to hibernate Ubuntu the swap volume needs to be somewhat larger than physical RAM; if you don't want to hibernate Ubuntu the swap space can be quite small, depending on your expected workload.


"Filter failed" errors when attempting to print to newly installed Epson WF-M1030

You need to go to Epson printer drivers site, search for your printer and download ONE deb file: epson-inkjet-printer-201214w_1.0.0-1lsb3.2_i386.deb if your system is 32-bit, or epson-inkjet-printer-201214w_1.0.0-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb if your system is 64-bit.

Place this file to your Home directory and run in terminal

sudo dpkg -i epson*.deb

If system gives dependency errors, then run

sudo apt-get install -f

After that go to System Settings and install a new printer.


Are there any plans to integrate Web Apps to the Software Center?

It appears that several web apps are now available to install directly from Ubuntu's repositories, using either apt-get install or the Ubuntu Software Center.

To install all currently available web apps, you can simply use the following command:

sudo apt-get install unity-webapps-*

(Source for further reading.)


Add a dhcp and a static network in Ubuntu VM

The problem might be caused because of the default route of your Ubuntu. Your default route is currently your LAN (host-only) gateway which doesn't have any access to the internet. Your default route must point to your NAT network:

sudo route add default dev eth0


Include a new file in the SSH configuration file

sshd doesn't support splitting its configuration across multiple files

Include statement has been added in 8.2
https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commit/c2bd7f74b0e0f3a3ee9d19ac549e6ba89013abaf
https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config
However it's not quite working correctly at the moment for Match directives, should be fixed in 8.4
https://bugzilla.mindrot.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3122


Solved!
Probably not the best way to make it work, but for me it did the job. Try it at your own risk:

Resize Windows partition - I freed 60 GB and inserted a 128 GB micro SD as backup medium. Made a Backup of the Win installation there.
Ubuntu image 16.04 - ISO : download and use Universal USB Installer to get it on a USB-Stick
Press ESC while starting the 1012. Boot options: deactivate Fastboot. Save and reboot.  Boot to Windows: Energy options - deactivate Fastboot here, too.
Boot from USB-Stick: ESC - Boot menu - Device in UEFI (!)-Mode
Start Live-Mode to test whether or not you like it
start Install
When asked for partitioning: choose "something else" and use the free space for 8 GB Swap and rest /. Bootloader: goes to sda
finish normal install, Shutdown -h
boot from USB-Stick, start Live-system
open terminal and enter:
sudo -s

REMARK: Object-Library for python:

apt-get install python-gobject

REMARK: add repository for boot-repair:

add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update

REMARK: install boot-repair:

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair
boot-repair

Reboot after finishing should bring up the GRUB loader and the menu. The "Fast Boot" options in Bios and Windows can be reactivated afterwars (makes not much difference though)


Cannot start firefox on X11 forwarding SSH session

I had the same problem while running firefox on an Ubuntu 18.04 system through MobaXterm. Solution was to install xorg and openbox and then logging in again.


Does Ubuntu LiveCD automatically create a SWAP partition?

The Live images do not alter the partition tables of disks unless you are manually editing them (via command line or gparted), or are installing Ubuntu to the disk.

You assume that the Live images made alterations and that there's no partitions on the disk that are readable based on lsblk.  You need to try running sudo fdisk -l to list the actual data about partitions and their file types (unless it's a GPT partition table but it probably isn't).  More than likely, the disk you are working with has a swap partition already in place on the disk.  The Live images do auto mount swap partitions in an attempt to get swap, when a swap partition already exists.

Don't forget to try and mount sda2 and sda3 before assuming the drive is damaged and irrecoverable.  It's very unlikely that a swap partition at the beginning of the disk would indicate drive death, especially if the other two partitions mount fine and the data there is accessible.

And in follow up to your comment on whether Windows does this, Windows doesn't use swap partitions.


Ubuntu 20.04 does not recognize headset microphone

This question is possible to duplicate of the question from here -> Headset microphone not working on Ubuntu 20.04
If not, try these steps:

Go to https://superuser.com/questions/1312970/headset-microphone-not-detected-by-pulse-und-alsa and try the steps mentioned in the first/second answer.
Try installing multimedia extras plugin: sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras
If problem persists, try reinstalling PulseAudio and other audio drivers
I hope this solved your problem.


Changing 'Show Applications' to list view

This is a flaw in the current implementation of Application Overview in Gnome Shell, and there is nothing you can do if you are not a programmer. It appears that this issue is being addressed for Gnome 40.
You can "workaround" by using a menu system instead to launch applications, such as the "Application menu" extension (part of the "official" extensions, "gnome-shell-extensions") or Arc menu. The former can be installed with sudo apt get install gnome-shell-extensions, the latter with sudo apt get install gnome-shell-extension-arc-menu.


How can you install ubuntu to a thumb drive in windows, without having to run an application which requires administrator priveleges?

To Confirm Ability to Create Live/Persistent USB in Windows 10 Without Administrator permissions

Format flash drive to as new state, (FAT32)
Open the 19.10 ISO in Windows 10 File Explorer and copy the contents to the flashdrive.

Persistence

There are several methods to make the flash drive persistent. Using a casper-rw partition is not limited to 4GB.

Alt 1

Boot the drive using UEFI
At the grub menu press "e" to edit the menu
Add a space and "toram" after ..quiet splash,,,
Open GParted, select the USB drive, unmount and Resize/Move to make room for a persistent partition
In the available space create an ext4 partition and label it casper-rw
Mount grub.cfg. In Terminal run

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/sd1

sudo mount /dev/sdx1 /mnt/sd1

Where x is the OS partition

As root edit boot/grub/grub.cfg by adding a space and the word persistent after the first ...quiet splash --- and save.

Alt 2

Open Boot/grub/grub.cfg in Windows 10 latest build
After quiet splash ---, type a space and "persistent"
Boot the drive using UEFI
At the grub menu press "e" to edit the menu
Change "persistent" to "toram"
Open GParted, select the USB drive, unmount and Resize/Move to make room for a persistent partition
In the available space create an ext4 partition and label it casper-rw

The drive should now be ready for work

You can create a new user and install programs as you wish.


Laptop powers off automatically : Ubuntu 18.04 & Jupyter Notebook running Python 2

See this post for an example of investigating errors: jupyter notebook crash

To see the messages you need to start jupyter from the command line:

jupyter notebook

At the end of the link notice what the author did to prevent crashing:

mkdir /run/user/1000/jupyter

Here is a Redhat Linux question & answer with a different jupyter crash log.

If you are still having problems after trying solutions then edit your question and put the crash log into it.


Editing the grub.cfg file in Ubuntu on VirtualBox

The grub.cfg keeps updating on several changes like updating the grub, installing newer version of kernel, header images and replated stuffs. You should not change directly grub.cfg. /etc/grub.d/and your configured file(if not then 40_custom) and add make your tweak there.
su root
nano /etc/grub.d/40_custom

Don't forget to apply settings by
update-grub

if that's not debian based distro then it is equivalent to
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg


problem with ad-hoc network simulation with different routing protocol using ns2

it drop the packets at that time of queue is full it not accept other packets thats called drop tail queue. CMU priqueue used to transmit the routing protocol packet at priority manner thats called the CMU priqueue


Solution

dpkg-deb -x libgtk1.2-common_1.2.10-18.1build2_all.deb tmp
dpkg-deb --control libgtk1.2-common_1.2.10-18.1build2_all.deb tmp/DEBIAN
vi tmp/DEBIAN/control
--add the following line >> Multi-Arch: foreign
dpkg -b tmp libgtk1.2-common_1.2.10-18.1build2_all_new.deb
sudo dpkg -i libgtk1.2-common_1.2.10-18.1build2_all_new.deb
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo dpkg -i libgtk1.2_1.2.10-18.1build2_i386.deb
sudo apt-get -f install

Source

By modifying the deb to support foreign Multi-Arch it allowed libgtk1.2 to see libgtk1.2-common. libgtk1.2 was i386 and I am on x86_64. Without the modification, libgtk1.2 couldn't see  libgtk1.2-common.


You have to start configure with the AVAHI support, like this.

./configure --enable-avahi

This is what I got from the configure script.

--enable-avahi          enable mDNS support (default is disabled)

But, I suppose, this will not break the installation. You might miss the avahi after installation. Honestly, I don't even know what avahi is.


While true smooth per-pixel scrolling would not work that well with a mouse scroll wheel, having a smooth animation rather than a sudden jump of three lines would be nice.

I don't know of any way to do that globally but in Firefox it is an option under Preferences->Advanced.

For Chromium/Chrome it is currently enabled via a flag by going to chrome://flags.


Raspberry Pi 4 18.04 64-bit image automatic USB disk resizing

Have you tried GParted or another disk partion editor, Disks maybe.
What kind of disk-array setup. Some live-boot systems use 1 partition with iso-joliet cd format wich partition it into 1 system, locksit and throws tge rest of the free-space overboard?...


How to version control of Kernel ABI versions and matching package repositories?

Part 1

  How long is a given kernel ABI version of the kernel supported for with LTS releases?

There is no minimum or maximum time - a security update could force an ABI change and since those are unpredictable...

  In general, how long should I expect the -36 version to remain available? By available I mean I can obtain the image from an official Ubuntu download site and install packages for that OS/kernel version without having to downgrade packages [emphasis added].

You cannot have any expectation - Ubuntu just doesn't offer you that type of guarantee.

If you CAN accept manual downgrading iIt looks like for Xenial old (security) kernel releases have been kept around for the life of the distro:

linux-image-4.4.0-36-generic_4.4.0-36.55_amd64.deb  2016-08-15 15:44    18M

(from http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux/ ). Eventually Xenial will be EOL and at that point you will have to look to start manually changing apt URLs to go to old-releases.ubuntu.com .

Part 2

  Assuming I want to be able to support a given ABI level of the Kernel for longer than the ABI version is available on the internet, what do I need to do to mirror the package repositories so I can install packages on my systems?

I think you'll be OK downgrading at least kernel releases via apt because it doesn't look like the packages themselves are removed but you may end up in an unsupported state (newish userland, old kernel).


Emergency mode screen and fsck doesn't work

After an hour or so of trying, I've found out that on the emergency mode screen you can input your root password and then type "mount -a" and that fixes the problem.
Sorry to bother you, I'm just too inexperienced and Ubuntu has a really steep learning curve.
I'd like to leave this thread undeleted as it may help someone else.
Thank you again for your time and sorry for the inconvenience.


Both of the links you provided give 404 Not Found errors.

At first it's not clear whether you're asking about support for push email in MUAs or in servers (or perhaps in webmail servers?) although later in your question I guess you are talking about servers.

Dovecot, even version 1, supports IMAP IDLE (what's needed for so-called "push" email under IMAP) without any problems at all, and without any special configuration required. It "just works".

Furthermore, it would surprise me if Dovecot's competitors (courier? cyrus?) didn't also support it. But I only use Dovecot myself, so I don't know about the others.


How do I run an email alert when a specific piece of code is run?

Assuming that you are referring to the Dirty COW (CVE-2016-5195) privilege escalation vulnerability in the Linux Kernel, then per https://dirtycow.ninja/:

  Can I detect if someone has exploited this against me?

  Exploitation of this bug does not leave any trace of anything abnormal happening to the logs.

Therefore, there is no clear way to detect if the code has been executed on your system.

However, if you're really that concerned, you should be aware that the Ubuntu Security Team has already provided a patch for DirtyCOW in the standard linux kernels in Trusty, so if you simply do a standard apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade and upgrade the Linux packages on your system, you'll be patched against this vulnerability.


Are there any instant-messaging clients for server?

finch

It's a text-based IM client that uses libPurple - the same core as Pidgin. Here are some screenshots


Ubuntu on ASUS motherboard. Any compatibility issue?

Not the same 'board but close enough.

"TUF GAMING X570-PLUS (WI-FI), Ubuntu 18.10" Page 11 of 13:

Asus Linux-Status-report_201904.pdf
https://dlcdnimgs.asus.com/websites/global/aboutASUS/OS/Linux-Status-report_201904.pdf

Note: Check any Linux Status Report For ASUS Desktop Motherboard.pdf's URL for its release date.


Running ubuntu from ext4 formatted USB drive?

Yes. You can do what you intend.

The correct approach to your desired result is to simply "Install Ubuntu" to the external drive rather than use "Make Startup Disk" utility. That utility is designed to create a small boot disk as  a method for troubleshooting and repair or installation, not for running the OS as you intend.

If you want the "Try Ubuntu" Option on the drive as well, you can simply dd the ISO image to the drive as outlined here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick#Install_and_run_Startup_Disk_Creator_alias_usb-creator


Pulseaudio does not detect built in analog audio, only HDMI from NVidia

Lately I had a problem with Xonar soundcard caused by HDMI soundcard integrated in my Radeon GPU.

For me blacklisting intel and hdmi modules, preventing them from being loaded by ALSA, fixed the problem.

To do this, simply add these 2 lines at the beginning of the /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf file:

blacklist snd_hda_intel
blacklist snd_hda_codec_hdmi

Then reboot PC and see if it helps.


How can I save settings when booting an iso file from HDD?

Your grub2 menu entry should be something like this:

menuentry "Ubuntu iso" {
search --set -f "/ubuntu.iso"
loopback loop "/ubuntu.iso"
linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz root=UUID=71C2-0118 iso-scan/filename=/ubuntu.iso boot=casper file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed noprompt quiet persistent splash --
initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
}

To have the persistent option work, all you need is a persistent file named casper-rw (size depends on your needs) which can be produced (see: http://www.pendrivelinux.com/how-to-create-a-larger-casper-rw-loop-file/) or downloaded from internet (see: http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/diskimg/).


Cannot connect to Ubuntu LTS from another network

There's no way around port forwarding it seems. For anyone else who has this problem: do your homework on basic networking like I did and you'll understand why this is a really stupid idea. Also, the comments on my question were really helpfull, too. So check them out as well.


To anyone else experiencing this issue, you don't just need to restart the GNOME Shell, you need to log out and back in as well. This should fix the problem.


Wubi tries to download 12.04. That is is unavailable. Have you tried a new download of Wubi? If that also refers to 12.04 then someone forgot to update Wubi (or upload the correct version).


Bash is not a programming language, but a shell targetted for quickly entering commands and executing those. Therefore, you run other commands doing your job (e.g. mv moves files and directories). Variables in Bash are limited and since commands are all strings, there is no reason to be very strict on it. (it is possible though to force types, see help declare).

Python on the other hand is a more extensive programming language with more language features. Instead of executing other programs, you use built-in functions or other functionality from modules (libraries in other languages). For a basic tutorial on input/output in Python, see http://docs.python.org/tutorial/inputoutput.html. The whole tutorial itself is worth reading if you want to start programming in Python.


Failure to boot after installation ubuntu alongside windows on different disks

In the end i saved all previous files
And deleted the disks and reinstalled not with the option install alongside windows but i did a custom install


Trouble finding how to identify my dvd drive to mount it

sudo lshw -C disk will list your drives. look for sections that start with *-cdrom to find your drive(s). The logical name: entries will be what you'd want to use with players, typically best to use the /dev/srx one where x is a number.

As far as vlc - open vlc > Tools > Preferences, (or ctrl+p)  > Input/Codecs & you can set the default drive there in  optical drive from the drop down. It's probably set to /dev/cdrom, you'll change that to /dev/sr1 based on what you've reported.

After changing don't forget to click the save button


Is it possible to specify a no-proxy parameter with conjure-up?

This has been addressed over at https://github.com/ubuntu/conjure-up/issues/171 and you can expect to have this option in the next prerelease (due out July 5th).


"Structure needs cleaning" error - cannot mount partition

Your file system is broken. You need to fix it so that your OS can properly read/write it.

Therefore, we need to utilise a tool named fsck.

As per it's man page:

  Name

  fsck - check and repair a Linux file system

  Synopsis

  fsck [-sAVRTMNP] [-C [fd]] [-t fstype] [filesys...] [--]
  [fs-specific-options]

  Description

  fsck is used to check and optionally
  repair one or more Linux file systems. filesys can be a device name
  (e.g. /dev/hdc1, /dev/sdb2), a mount point (e.g. /, /usr, /home), or
  an ext2 label or UUID specifier (e.g.
  UUID=8868abf6-88c5-4a83-98b8-bfc24057f7bd or LABEL=root). Normally,
  the fsck program will try to handle filesystems on different physical
  disk drives in parallel to reduce the total amount of time needed to
  check all of the filesystems.

A basic usage of the command would be:

sudo fsck.ext4 /dev/sda[NUMBER]

However, do note that this process can be a lengthy one.


Accidentally deleted partition which holds Windows 10 loader

It sounds like you should be able to recover the partition pretty easily with TestDisk.

Install TestDisk on Ubuntu with sudo apt-get install testdisk.
I would strongly recommend that you carefully read the partition recovery documentation on the TestDisk site before you attempt a recovery. The "Deeper Search" and "Partition Table Recovery" sections will be especially important in your situation.
You will almost certainly need to run a Deeper Search when you Analyse the partition table.
In the Deeper Search results, look for a partition that is the correct size (around 10.6 GB) and inspect its file list to verify that it is your Windows 10 partition.
Once you have found the correct deleted partition, change it from Deleted to Primary
Write the changes to the partition table and exit TestDisk

If everything went well, your Windows 10 partition should be recovered, and you should once again be able to boot into Windows.


You must create a bootable usb stick with imagen.iso.

For this task, you can use this program:

http://www.pendrivelinux.com/downloads/Universal-USB-Installer/Universal-USB-Installer-1.9.5.6.exe

This program, as stated on their site:

http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/

Demand:

USB stick Fat16/Fat32/NTFS formatted
Universal-USB-Installer-1.9.5.6.exe
Windows XP/Vista/7/8
PC with a BIOS that can boot from USB
Linux image.iso

The procedure is as follows:

Download and install a Universal-USB-Installer-1.9.5.6.exe

Run it

Select Ubuntu from the dropdown list.

Press Browse and open the downloaded image.iso

Choose the USB stick and press Create


What does this startup dialog message mean "Could not update ICEauthority file"

Your .ICEauthority file probably isn't owned by your user (maybe because you ran something as root/with 'sudo' that has overwritten it). You can check this by running (in a terminal):

ls -l /home/you/.ICEauthority

If it says something other than

-rw------- 1 you you ...

you need to make it owned by your user again:

sudo chown you:you /home/you/.ICEauthority

maybe you also need to correct permissions:

chmod 600 /home/you/.ICEauthority

To avoid such problems, don't run X applications with 'sudo' - use graphical sudo instead (addendum by Murat Gunes).


virt-manager is not working on Ubuntu; there is no pop-up

You need to have X server installed on you windows laptop. If you didn't install it on you windows laptop, you don't have it. It is part of every how-to.


While the cp -ax command reference will work, I believe in clean installs. I also believe in entire bootable system on every hard drive and data partitions on other hard drives.

So with my 60GB SSD, I created two / (root) partitions of about 27GB, one current working install and one for testing. My root includes my /home but none of the data folders and even some of the hidden data folder like Firefox & Thunderbird. All data in then in data partitions on my hard drive and linked back to /home so it looks like normal structure of folders.
My / on my working install used 9GB and 2GB of the 9 is /home. And most of the 2GB in /home is .wine which is the only data I have not moved to a data partition.


How can I install Wine (i386) on Ubuntu 19.10?

Execute the following commands for a Wine installation:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
wget -qO - https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ disco main'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-stable


When you say you "downloaded from the Microsoft store" I would assume you downloaded Ubuntu for WSL. This is entirely separate from Virtualbox.
The .iso file does not represent an actual installation of Ubuntu or a virtual machine, but an image of a disk that contains the installer. If you have something you would like to migrate, you'd be best off migrating to a virtual machine as you would with any other installation: copying the necessary files and reinstalling software. So, in effect, the answer to your question is "no". You may be able to migrate a Linux installation in WSL to a VM even without just copying the files through some tool, but if you just want to make a VM, which is what it appears you want to do, you should download the .iso and use that in Virtualbox.


which version of windows are you using?
i tried to install ubuntu 10.10 as a dual boot on windows 7 and install went fine but got wubi error.
i just booted from cd and used install alongside other os option and it worked ok from there.


How do I get rid of black bars around windows?

I had issues like this a while back after a resume.

I updated to the latest kernel (which was 4.8 stable at the time) and the issues were gone.  The fix was most likely because of updated graphics drivers.

Without knowing more about your machine, this is your best bet (assuming you are running Intel integrated graphics, and not Nvidia or something that needs a proprietary driver).


Cannot shutdown or reboot after upgrading from 14.10 to 15.04 on Intel NUC

You need to do the following for the NUC model DN2820FYKH

Update the BIOS to version FYBYT10H.86A.0055

download the update from Intel here

Then add  reboot=bios as a boot parameter:

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub

Find the line that begins GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT= and change it to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash reboot=bios"

Save and exit, and run

sudo update-grub

Then reboot. This worked on Xubuntu 16.10 for me.


Boot into Ubuntu from Android Tablet with Live USB Drive

This is not possible. As Uri Herrera mentioned in the comments, since Ubuntu is not an ARM-based operating system, it cannot be run on ARM-based Android tablets like yours. You may have luck with finding an unofficial build of Ubuntu Mobile on the list. Although it may be possible if your tablet is x86-based but that is not common.


How to change tor to run by a different user?

Try to restore the ownership on the /home/username/.tor-browser folder:

chown -R username: /home/username/.tor-browser

I think this should solve the problem.


Providing a customized config file for another package

This is often done by creating a package that uses dpkg-divert in its maintainer scripts to move the old config file aside:

In your preinst, divert the file away.

dpkg-divert --add --package $your_package_name --rename \
    --divert /path/to/file.disabled \
    /path/to/file

In your postrm, divert the file back.

dpkg-divert --remove --package $your_package_name --rename \
    /path/to/file

See: http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ap-pkg-diversions.html

One solution that helps abstract dpkg-divert is the config-package-dev package created and maintained by MIT's Debathena project. They have a thorough tutorial.


lircd works when run from command line, not when run from init.d/service

I had the same symptoms, lirc would not work when run as a service, but would work as a command. Note that in my case some of the keys worked, but only when lirc was not running (neither as a service nor a command).

The problem was that evdev (an input driver for Xorg) was picking up the remote as a keyboard input device. Getting evdev to ignore the remote solved the problem for me. I guess that the lirc service start script got hung up by the fact that evdev had a handle on the remote, somehow.

The problem is detailed in this thread: http://www.tbsdtv.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=2896&sid=f8d407bf0e7a02db70439a41ea2adc3c

The following is from the last post in that thread. Note: TBS6981 is the satellite tuner which I was using as my remote receiver.

  The problem was caused by evdev (an input driver for Xorg) which was picking up the remote as a keyboard input device. This could be seen from my Xorg logs (/var/log/Xorg...), see below. Most of the buttons don't work by default because they don't naturally map to keyboard buttons, e.g. your keyboard doesn't have an EPG key, but it does have numbers and direction keys.

  There are basically two solutions

  Configure evdev to ignore the IR input and use lirc OR
  Remap the remote buttons to keyboard keys, as discussed in this post, and don't use lirc

  evdev can be configured to ignore the TBS6981 as a keyboard by adding the following to the end of /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-evdev.conf -

Section "InputClass"
        Identifier "cx23885 IR (TurboSight TBS 6981)"
        MatchProduct "cx23885 IR (TurboSight TBS 6981)"
        MatchIsKeyboard "on"
        Option "Ignore"
EndSection

  Note that MatchProduct above matches the identifier found in Xorg.0.log.

  This is an extract from Xorg.0.log showing evdev picking the remote input, these lines do not appear if evdev is correctly configured to ignore the remote as a keyboard:

[    21.486] (II) config/udev: Adding input device cx23885 IR (TurboSight TBS 6981) (/dev/input/event3)
[    21.486] (**) cx23885 IR (TurboSight TBS 6981): Applying InputClass "evdev keyboard catchall"
[    21.486] (II) Using input driver 'evdev' for 'cx23885 IR (TurboSight TBS 6981)'
[    21.486] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/evdev_drv.so
[    21.486] (**) cx23885 IR (TurboSight TBS 6981): always reports core events
[    21.486] (**) evdev: cx23885 IR (TurboSight TBS 6981): Device: "/dev/input/event3"
[    21.486] (--) evdev: cx23885 IR (TurboSight TBS 6981): Vendor 0x6981 Product 0x8888
[    21.486] (--) evdev: cx23885 IR (TurboSight TBS 6981): Found keys
[    21.486] (II) evdev: cx23885 IR (TurboSight TBS 6981): Configuring as keyboard
[    21.486] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0/0000:02:00.0/rc/rc0/input3/event3"
[    21.486] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "cx23885 IR (TurboSight TBS 6981)" (type: KEYBOARD, id 8)

So, first step is look for lines in your /var/log/Xorg.0.log showing evdev picking up your remote receiver, then configure
/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-evdev.conf to ignore the receiver using the id for the receiver as found in Xorg.0.log.


How to remove nameservers from resolv.conf after vpn disconnect?

Use sudo systemd-resolve --revert --interface vpn0 to reset resolv.conf after getting off the VPN.
If that works, you can run it automatically when disconnecting from the VPN by creating /etc/network/if-post-down.d/vpn0 with the following contents:
#!/bin/sh

if [ "$IFACE" = "vpn0" ]; then
    systemd-resolve --revert --interface vpn0
fi

Then
chmod 755 /etc/network/if-post-down.d/vpn0 to allow it to execute.
Replace vpn0 in all above with your vpn interface.


my tar command line is not working it won't unzip files

You're missing a parameter (notice the f):

tar -xvjf <filename>

if -f <filename> is not specified, tar will default to expanding whatever it receives in standard input. So the "hang" you're seeing is just tar waiting for data.

If you feel inclined to play a bit, try redirecting your tar.bz2 file into tar's standard input:

tar -xvj < file.tar.bz2

this should also work, but it's more traditional to specify the file with -f.

Note that -f has to be at the very end because the filename is an argument to the -f option. If you do tar -vfjv filename it won't work, as the filename would be passed as an argument for -v, which makes no sense.


I would suggest KiCad. It is an application that helps you create professional schematics and printed circuit boards.

You can easily install it by adding the following PPA to your system:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:adamwolf/kicad-testing-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install kicad kicad-doc-en


Archive manager started instead of executing a shell-script

Try changing the permission of the file to executable using terminal.

Open terminal.
Navigate to the directory where your file located (using cd).
Change the permissions using:

chmod +x filename.sh

and then try

./filename.sh

or try executing it using

sh filename.sh

Reasons :

It may be because, your default text editor(gedit) may not be available, or in properties window, on the open with tab, the default one is archive manager. In this case change open with using gedit or install gedit (if not available).
Or the file is meant for 32 bit, and you may be executing in 64 bit OS (vice versa).


How to remove folder shortcuts from Dash files

Different shortcuts

The bookmarks you see in the Nautilus launcher are divided into different sections. Some are stored in the nautilus.desktop file (static section), others are added automatically from the file ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks.
The last file is automatically edited and updated if you add bookmarks via the (nautilus) bookmarks menu.

The "Open a new Window" shortcut

This one is part of the static section. To get rid of it, you will have to edit the nautilus.desktop file:

First copy the file nautilus.desktop to your local directory (~/.local/share/applications):

cp /usr/share/applications/nautilus.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/nautilus.desktop

Open the local copy with gedit; drag it over an opened gedit window or run:

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/nautilus.desktop

Find the line, starting with:

Actions=

remove the string Window;
remove the referring shortcut section:

[Desktop Action Window]
Name=Open a New Window
Exec=nautilus --new-window
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

Save and close the file, log out and back in

The other shortcuts in your example

The other shortcuts in your example are automatically added from the file: ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks. You can remove those links in two ways:

via GUI: Open Nautilus, from the menu, choose "Bookmarks". Remove the bookmarks you'd like to get rid of.
ALternatively: edit the file : ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks; remove the referring line(s).


kubuntu 11.10 I need to remove the booting file

You could reinstall the boot sector (MBR) as grub is still there and active.  There should be a tool in your Windows installer disk, but you will need to seek help from Windows folk not Ubuntu folk for this.  Alternately (and probably better), you can install Kubuntu by booting into the live-DVD and not attempting to install with wubi  This will restore grub with the correct settings after it has installed Kubuntu.  If you want advice about wubi You might look at: https://askubuntu.com/questions/tagged/wubi


Is there more risk of malware when using WUBI?

tl;dr Don't worry.
The virus would have to be written to affect Wubi. Linux viruses themselves are rare, bt one that affects wubi hasn't been heard of. Of course, a virus affecting the MBR or boot.ini on the Windows host can cause trouble since it can cause the computer to be unable to call WUBI or GRUB which takes over after Wubi. So, you are not at risk, but you can be susceptible to MBR viruses, which aren't that common nowadays.
Note; Of course it can copy the virtual disks used by wubi but that would be prohibitive both for the attacker, and the average internet connection. You have a very high chance of unwittingly interrupting such evil data transfer. Other spyware is run as a Windows program and set to be autostarted by Windows, so it will not affect Ubuntu as only a small portion of Windows is loaded(just ntldr, which isn't enough to autostart these programs), so it won't affect Ubuntu. However, if one gets your passwords from Windows, and you use the same passwords everywhere, you can be attacked even on online services you only use on Ubuntu. This happens even without Wubi.
Now, about keyloggers:
To effectively keylogger your machine, one must either install(physically) a small device, or use an MBR keylogger. Even this may be thwarted due to the effect of GRUB, and how it loads Linux. Therefore, you should only worry heavily about "evil-maid" attacks, involving an adversary physically sticking pieces of hardware onto your computer. MBR attacks for keylogging are uncommon and not a high risk since they will likely be unable to transmit logs without the help of the host OS.


I upgraded from win 7 to ubuntu 12.04 and know my html codes dont work

Your problem is the paths for the images. Ubuntu is organized differently than Windows 7. For instance, if your images are in a folder within the folder your code is in (I'll use Images as an example), it is called ./Images instead of Images.


What happens upon do-release-upgrade if the package is not available in the new release?

There are basically two possibilities:

In the case where the package will still have all dependencies satisfied, and it is not a leaf package, it will likely remain installed and you can still use the program(s) it provides.

In the case where another package replaces it, dependencies are replaced, is a leaf package, or in similar conflict situations, it will get removed from the system, and to be able to use it again will likely require rebuilding against newer dependencies, or changing to use whatever its replacement is (for example, one should use pkexec instead of gksu in Ubuntu now).


wine themes don't affect apps installed via playonlinux

By design, PlayOnLinux creates a unique Wine prefix for each app installed through it, because of the fact that some programs require certain things to be installed and others not be installed, so the programs could create conflicts with each other. As a result, each of these Wine prefixes has its own config files. You would have to manually go into each prefix and change the theme for each prefix individually.


Crontab not working with inner unix command

There's a little-known, but documented feature of cron: if you put a percent sign in a command, it's interpreted as a newline. You need to protect it with a backslash.

@midnight scp /home/xxx/file.txt xxx@yyy:~/zzz/file.txt_`date +"\%m-\%d-\%y"`

Alternatively, put the command in a script and write just the path to the script in the crontab file.


How to change keyboard layout using Left Alt?

Open the file /etc/default/keyboard. You should see there a line that starts with XKBOPTIONS word, for reference here's mine:

XKBOPTIONS="grp:rctrl_rshift_toggle,grp_led:scroll,lv3:ralt_switch,compose:rwin"

Inside the quotes is a list of options separated by comma. Layout switching option looks like grp:the_key_you_want, list of options is described in man xkeyboard-config. To make layout switching with the Left Alt just add the option (or change if you have one) grp:lalt_toggle. E.g. with my config:

XKBOPTIONS="grp:lalt_toggle,grp_led:scroll,lv3:ralt_switch,compose:rwin"

Then just reboot (perhaps log-out would be enough, but I am not sure).

But I actually think that somewhere in graphical keyboard configuration you should find a way to change the key. I am using AwesomeWM in Kubuntu, so I can't provide the exact way, but I encourage you to search it.

UPD: from the discussion with the author it was found that /etc/default/keyboard file doesn't work the way it should. It seems that something overrides its settings for the XServer start.

As a workaround it is possible to add at the start up a script with the command setxkbmap -layout gb,af -option grp:lalt_toggle,grp_led:scroll.


Is there a terminal that behaves like a console from web browsers?

I don't know of any.  However, you can change the shortcuts manually:
Terminal > Edit > Keyboard Shortcuts

Then set Copy to Ctrl + C, and Ctrl + V for paste.

P.S. how do you get those "keys" to show up? [Where they look like buttons, as opposed to text]


The entry in fstab is not a command; don't include the sudo mount portion.

Instead, make the line look something like

//192.168.1.5/my/folder /home/mounts/localmount cifs rw

A similar thread over at UbuntuForums has more good information about further options, if you need login credentials, special encoding, or other permissions settings.


Modifying installer program for custom-built version of Ubuntu on Live CD

the name is coming from the file

/usr/share/applications/ubiquity.desktop

So edit that file while you are customizing the ISO.

In the image you can notice that, I used  CUBIC  application to customize the ISO.


How to add fonts support to Ubuntu16.04 server?

I found the answer myself:

The missing packet was libfreetype6-dev:

apt install libfreetype6-dev

But I also had to install this to get Imager work properly (not because of fonts, but because of reading and writing images):

apt install libpng-dev
apt install libjpeg-dev
cpanm install Imager::File::PNG
cpanm install Imager::File::JPEG


Can you explain eval expression in the default .bashrc

To understand the eval snippet eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)", we need to break it down:

At first let's check what SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe returns:

$ SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe
export LESSOPEN="| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s";
export LESSCLOSE="/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s";

As you can see it returns two commands containing variable declarations preceded by export to make them environment variables.
Now another thing, $() is the command substitution syntax that returns exactly what we have seen above i.e. the output of a command, let's check:

$ echo "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"
export LESSOPEN="| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s";
export LESSCLOSE="/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s";

Ok, what about eval now, so eval will just run the two commands returned by command substitution:

eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

after this the variables LESSOPEN and LESSCLOSE will be environment variables to the shell on which this command is being run.


What is the maximum amount of RAM that Ubuntu 32 Bit supports?

Yes, 32-bit Ubuntu can now utilize more than 4Gb RAM through the use of PAE. To check if your computer supports PAE, run this command in terminal:

grep --color=always -i PAE /proc/cpuinfo

However, it is often recommended to use 64-bit Ubuntu to get the full benefits of using the 64-bit architecture. It should be noted that there is no "Virtual Address Extension", which means that applications still get the same amount of virtual memory since the virtual addresses are still 32 bits while the physical addresses are 36 bits. Therefore PAE is not at all equivalent to a 64 bit system.

To read more about the 32-bit versus the 64-bit architectures, I check out the following pages:

32bit_and_64bit
What is the difference between 32-bit and 64-bit and which should I choose?

Since you're running only Windows currently, I don't know how you can check if your hardware supports PAE.


Well this hugely depends on the file system and use-case of your Raid partition.

If for example you're creating a swap partition - it is normal not to fsck the swap
If you're building a rootfs on a Raid device - you should put 1 on there
If you're creating some other data storage partition - you should put 2 in the pass coulmn

As per official documentation: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/fstab.5.html the nr. 1 indicates this should be checked first and number 2 that this should be checked after 1 and in parallel.


I solved removing the file with the command:

sudo rm /etc/.sudoers.tmp.swp

now, sudo visudo works fine.


When Ubuntu Server restarts  eth0  Doesn't come back up

Joel, add a line with auto eth0 before the iface eth0 inet static line, that should bring it up on boot.


Changing my keyboard settings from unknown back to german on Ubuntu 14.04

In most cases it is easy to reset the keyboard.

setxkbmap de

in a terminal window will do it for you.

This kind of setting will not survive a reboot, but probably the action that caused the change of keyboard was also only temporary.

-o-

Afterwards, you can reboot the computer and check what keyboard you get.

If not correct after reboot you should click the icon with a cog wheel and a wrench, and look into the settings for language and keyboard.

Please try to remember, what programs you were running when or just before this happened - running some application programs or maybe installing or updating some program package (updating can be automatic, but should not change the keyboard).

-o-

Maybe the keyboard was changed to English (US English is the default). It matches the description, but also some other languages could match that description.


End Kernel panic -not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0)

Your usb file system should be fat32 instead of ntfs.
Format your usb with fat32.


Window decorations are permanently lost when windows are maximised

At least 90% of the problem was solved when I found the setting "Hide frame of windows when maximised" in Window Manager Tweaks > Accessibility. I can't believe I missed this setting and I don't remember turning it on.

It still seems to be a virtual box related bug that, when this setting is used, it is impossible to re-show the window decoration. But at least its avoidable!


How can I draw freely with LibreOffice Draw?

Using the Freeform Line tool sound like the best tool in Libreoffice for what you want to do, whilst the Curve tool may be more precise but slower to use.
If you want to edit the curve after adding it, use the Edit points tool.

You may want to use a program designed more for this called Inkscape, which has more tools available. You can then use the resulting SVG file and edit it within Draw, or insert a exported image (e.g. PNG) version.


how to see the connected device to my hotspot in ubuntu 14.04

arp -a should return you a list of all connected devices. You should run this command within the server that runs hotspot.


stty: 'standard input': Inappropriate ioctl for device

Use of stty should really only be used with interactive shells. The simplest option is to prefix the stty statement with a conditional so that it is only executed in an interactive shell.
Here is one way to do it:
[ "$PS1" ] && stty intr '^C'

Hope this helps


Ubuntu 16.04 does not restart after blue screen

Encountered same issue twice and observed that I was setting wrong PATH variable during setting $ANDROID_HOME, so here what I did to make it fix.

Open terminal via ctrl+alt+f3.
Since wrong path was set, I was not able to run command like sudo, ls etc, I have ran

export PATH="/usr/bin:$PATH"

Then I run command

 sudo nano /etc/environment

Removed all variables which was defined by me, leaving system's variable, I have typed

export PATH="/usr/bin:$PATH"

And finally I ran

  sudo reboot

Hope this help, otherwise this problem occurs due to display drivers then please look at this
Ubuntu gets stuck in a login loop


How do i use the partition table in Ubuntu 10.10?

Is there any reason why you go with 10.10 instead of 12.10 or 12.04 LTS?

When installing Ubuntu, choose manual partitioning and set 3 partitions for your Ubuntu. Make first boot point /, second swap and third /home. I usually take 15GB for / partition, 2xRAM size for swap and rest for /home partition.

Tick format to all 3 partitions.

Be sure that you backup your data from MAC as you need to format whole drive if you didn't left unpartitioned space on drive.


19.10, 18.04: How to "fully" use Apple Magic Keyboard on Ubuntu: Keys, remaps, etc

On my ubuntu 20.04, fn + backspace works as delete.
Switching control with the cmd which i did as well, download gnome-tweaks and open it's UI. Under keyboard, you can mark change left ctrl for win


install vagrant version 1.5 or greater on 14.10

Check out the Vagrant downloads page.  It has a 1.7.1 available.


Removing .Xauthority and ~/.config/autostart fixed the problem.

rm ~/.Xauthority
rm -rf ~/.config/autostart


Why is there a size discrepancy between HFS+ and ext4?

With the default settings, ext4 allocates one inode per 16,386 bytes, and an inode is 256 bytes, so on a 2 TB disk, that uses ~32 GB for the inode tables.  You can reduce this when you format with the -T largefile option given to mkfs.ext4, but if you have lots of small files, you may run out of inodes and be unable to create any more, even though there is free space.  Unless most of your files are less than half a meg or so though, this shouldn't be a problem.

The other thing is that by default, 5% of the space is reserved, and can not be invaded by normal users.  On your 2 TB drive that amounts to 100 GB.  You can disable this with sudo tune2fs /dev/sdXX -m 0 ( where /dev/sdXX is the drive/partition in question ), but it is generally not a good idea to fill a drive up above 95% anyhow as it tends to cause fragmentation.


Unfortunately the QM57 chipset does not support reading or controlling the fan RPM. See page 79 of the datasheet here


how to power save and lookup power usage in terminal

Ubuntu having two power tools which can work efficiently through terminal and can give you complete information about your power statistics, they are powetop and powerstat. you can install them with

sudo apt-get install powertop

&

sudo apt-get install powerstat

To run powertop you must be root user , so run it as sudo.I mean

sudo powertop

Then you will see ( captured in my PC , usually No battery :P , just for Idea )

powerstat you can run as normal user also , it will provide the complete status information of the battery.

hope that helps you about Command line power monitoring tools.


Modify test after string in multiple files

This should be able to change those values:

find /path/to/foler/ -type f -exec sed 's/CODE=.../CODE=123/' {} \;

Running the above code will not change anything but lets you see what gets changed. To get it to chanage those values add the -i flag:

find /path/to/folder/ -type f -exec sed -i 's/CODE=.../CODE=123/' {} \;

Backups are also possible but with the kind of size, your talking about this might not be a good idea.

Information:

...: represents just three letters or characters, so . will be for one
-type f: we are looking for files only
-i: change the values in-place


Unable to access location: Failed to retrieve share list from server: Connection timed out

I hope this helps others with this frustrating problem.
On each machine running Ubuntu 16.04 add to the [Global] section of the smb.conf file located at /etc/samba/smb.conf, the  following lines:
client min protocol = SMB2
client max protocol = SMB2

Most of the computers on my network run Ubuntu 16.04 and the problem was getting the error message
Unable to access location. Failed to mount Windows share: Connection Timed Out.

when connecting to a newer machine running Ubuntu 20.04. The new machine could see the network and connect to any machine on it, but not the other way around, i.e. the older machines running Ubuntu 16.04 could not access the Ubuntu 20.04 machine and responded with
Unable to access location. Failed to mount Windows share: Connection Timed Out.

It would be helpful if an expert explained why this problem occurs and why the Ubuntu/Linux developers have not fixed it. Yes I know, Samba is developed and maintained by another group ...


Failure installing Ubuntu 14.10 on Mac Pro cylinder: Cannot mount /dev/loop0

I initially thought it is the way I created the USB drive. I switched to Rufus and it worked. But I then realized it is the USB controller within the Mac Pro. It turns out that one can only install Ubuntu from 1 of the 4 USB ports. Any other port leads to errors reading the USB key, thus the error I saw earlier. For the one success, I just happened to use the correct port.

Due to its small form factor, this Mac Pro is super hot. This causes some issues. Some ports would work a little bit when the machine is cold, but stop working very soon.


How to access my codeigniter folder in ubuntu?

You might have to give special permissions to Codeigniter folder.

$ sudo chmod 755 -R /var/www/html/Codeigniter

Also, keep a backup of the .htaccess file then remove it from the Codeigniter folder.


How to format pen drive in ubuntu via command line with sudo

Erase all data, and create a single partition that takes up all USB with an ext4 filesystem:

printf 'o\nn\np\n1\n\n\nw\n' | sudo fdisk /dev/sdX
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX1

Choose X based on the output of:

sudo lsblk
sudo fdisk -l

fdisk automation explained at: https://superuser.com/questions/332252/creating-and-formating-a-partition-using-a-bash-script


BIOS boot or UEFI boot?
With BIOS, you can select which drive to install grub boot loader.
But with UEFI, Ubuntu's Ubiquity only installs to first drive. Multiple work arounds. Please add to old bug report. Posted work around to manually unmount & mount correct ESP during install #23 & #26
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubiquity/+bug/1396379
Others suggest disconnecting all other drives physically or logically in UEFI settings, so install drive is first drive.
Or removing boot flag/esp flag from first drive, so only ESP is install drive. (I have not had that work, but others have.)
Or if you have ESP on second or external drive, you can just reinstall grub, either manually or using Boot-Repair's advanced mode & full reinstall to correct drive.


Accidentally Uninstalled ubuntu-desktop and Anacron. Reinstalled. What Can I Expect?

I do not know about anacron, however reinstalling ubuntu-desktop should not give you much problems. As long as the config files for the packages under ubuntu-desktop and anacron was not removed, everything should proceed normally as before.

And in the future, do try to test things on a different machine or VM. It's safer and you can also learn how to configure it perfectly to suit your needs, should you decide to use it on your main system.


Permissions denied while trying simple copy and paste

I'm assuming that by root you meant your account. root is a separate account which has the highest level privileges. You can switch to root by doing su. However, the preferred choice is to use the sudo command which is much less dangerous.

If you have some experience with terminal, try

sudo cp <origin> <destination>

Else open the terminal and type

sudo -H nautilus

This will open a file explorer with root privileges.

16.04 appears to have a problem with running nautilus from the terminal under sudo. Installing nautilus-admin is a great workaround for that.


F9 to bring up the top menu > Command > Edit menu file > User. The menu file will open. Add
+ t r
e       Edit file with elevated priviledges
        xterm -e 'sudo vim %f' &

to it, separated by at least one blank line from the other code blocks already present in the file. Save and close the file. Now when you want to edit a file with priviledges, just press F2 (brings up the user menu) and then e to select this entry.

+ t r guarantees that that entry only shows up for regular files (not for directories, sockets, etc.). See man mc, section Edit Menu File for more.
xterm -e 'sudo vim %f' & is the executed command. It launches a new terminal in the background with the editor — here Vim, choose the one you like best —, so that Midnight Commander does not block. The downside is that the password will be requested each time, no matter how small the interval between the sudos is. If you don't want that:

Option 1: Simply use sudo vim %f instead, but that will take MC away from you until you close the editor.

Option 2: Make a user entry similar to the one shown above, but one that launches a new MC with root permissions with sudo mc %d %D & (%d %D to make the new MC open in the directories that you are!). You can use a different color scheme for root so you remember to be cautious.

I really like option 2 because it is very convenient to move files around in protected directories such as /usr and /etc.


I found that ntpdate was the fix I was looking for.

Two steps:

1) Turn off automatic updates on the clock settings.

2) Use the command

sudo ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com

According to Ubuntu, running ntp on a desktop (non-server) machine is not recommended.

https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/serverguide/NTP.html

But also at that site, it outlines how to run ntpdate as a daily cron job

  With your favorite editor, as root, create a file /etc/cron.daily/ntpdate containing:

ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com

  The file/etc/cron.daily/ntpdatemust also be executable.

sudo chmod 755 /etc/cron.daily/ntpdate

BTW, I still don't know what the "automatically from the internet" means either.  As it very often fails, even when connected to the internet.


I don't know about that file you mentioned, but as you will not need this special c very often I suppose, maybe using the screen keyboard would be enough? I think it's called onboard. You should reach it in the panel with that round symbol with a human inside. At least you could work with this until you find a real solution.


No HDMI signal after installing and rebooting

Between boot and reboot was the ubuntu installation.

I resolved the problem: The NVIDIA XServer must be configured - that´s a little bit tricky when your primary screen is not working properly...

I do not know why everything worked while installing ubuntu...


Weird sound effects issues: effects delayed with hard freeze; volume changes either don't play or repeats the sound effect many times. Can I fix this?

Upgrading to Vivid seems to fix the issue for me. Oh well :/ Thanks anyway!


Try with following commands:

sudo aptitude -o Acquire::http::No-Cache=True -o Acquire::BrokenProxy=true update

sudo apt-get update


Shell script running but not opening terminal

You can run your java command in a gnome-terminal this way:

gnome-terminal -x bash -c "java -version; bash"

Or to take your example:

gnome-terminal -x bash -c "java -jar example.jar; bash"

You could even specify where to run your command:

gnome-terminal --working-directory=WORKING_DIR -x bash -c "java -jar example.jar; bash"

Running a bash command after the java one allow gnome-terminal to stay open even after the command is completed.


; or && when used with exit doesn't execute next command

exit exits your running shell. But this shell is what would run any subsequent commands. So the next command does not run.
For interactive use, when the shell you start in is an initial login shell, you should probably just log out and back in, in two steps.
For scripting, and for interactive use other than in an initial login shell, the best thing to do would depend on the situation. Wanting to achieve the effect of logging out and back in from a shell that is not an initial login shell (whether in a script or otherwise) is unusual. Even if you managed to do it, it might not be the best approach to whatever underlying problem you are solving.
You can replace your current shell with a new shell running as another user and simulating an initial login shell. When your current shell is an initial login shell, this has mostly the same effect as logging out and back in. It's also not significantly easier than just logging out and back in, which I recommend doing instead.
But if you want to do that, then where the target user is alpha as in your example:
exec su - alpha  # enter alpha's password

By default, with su you only get one try to enter the target user's password. If you enter it incorrectly, you get su: Authentication failure and su quits. But your shell is no longer waiting on the result of the su command; in fact it's no longer running at all. So it's as if you had used exit. But if you enter the password correctly, it works.
If you want to use sudo to do the switch, so you enter your password rather than the target user's password (and you must be a sudoer):
exec sudo -iu alpha  # enter your password

The same issue with your original shell no longer being there to take over if you enter your password wrong still applies. But by default sudo gives you multiple tries to enter your password.
If you really want to use both sudo and su, though there is no need:
exec sudo su - alpha  # enter your password

Putting exec first causes your shell to replace itself with the newly running command, rather than waiting for that command to finish.


Ubuntu with Nvidia drivers capped at 60 FPS on a 144hz screen (single monitor)

In nvidia-settings, untick 'allow flipping''.


Setting nfsvers=4 would cause the mount to fail if your NFS service is version 3. You need to set nfsvers=3, or not set it at all (from man nfs):

nfsvers=n      The  NFS  protocol  version  number  used to contact the
               server's NFS service.  If the server  does  not  support
               the requested version, the mount request fails.  If this
               option  is  not  specified,  the  client  negotiates   a
               suitable  version  with  the  server,  trying  version 4
               first, version 3 second, and version 2 last.


Left edge mouse hoover doesn't bring up Unity menu when fullscreened

I had this too from an upgrade but it wasn't related to nvidia. The resolution was to start 'ccsm' (Compizconfig settings manager), go to desktop, Unity plugin, and select "Dodge active window" next to "Hide Launcher".


I had to install fcitx-mozc, to modify .pam_environnement to add the needed
variables :
GTK_IM_MODULE DEFAULT=fcitx
QT_IM_MODULE  DEFAULT=fcitx
XMODIFIERS    DEFAULT=\@im=fcitx

and then to choose mocz (and NOT Japanese keyboard) in the input method.
Thanks to all who helped.


First, check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, I suggest a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz. I also suggest a fixed channel, either 1 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/rc.local

Right above the line exit 0, add the line:

iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Proofread carefully, save and close gedit. If these changes do not help, please try compiling the driver backported from kernel version 3.13. Please get a temporary wired ethernet connection and do:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential

I suggest you download this to your desktop: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/backports/stable/v3.13.2/backports-3.13.2-1.tar.xz Right-click it and select 'Extract Here.' Now open a terminal and do:

cd ~/Desktop/backports-3.13.2-1/
make defconfig-rtlwifi
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rtl8188ee

It may take a reboot. Your wireless should now be working better. You will have compiled the driver for your currently running kernel only. When Update Manager installs a later linux-image, after reboot, re-compile:

cd ~/Desktop/backports-3.13.2-1/
make clean
make defconfig-rtlwifi
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rtl8188ee


Copying from one filesystem to another while preserving file attributes

As a workaround, since I am on a desktop system, I am now using Unison (with sudo) to do the copying, with the following profile:

label = Disk content migration
root = /media/myself/fs1
root = /media/myself/fs2
owner = true
numericids = true
group = true
dontchmod = false
noupdate = /media/myself/fs1
perms = -1
times = true

owner and group are options to sync owner and group, respectively. numericids tells Unison to use numeric IDs rather than user names.

dontchmod and perms instruct Unison to sync all permissions, including setuid/setgid (which is desired here, as I am preparing a replacement disk with a different filesystem).

times tells Unison to sync timestamps.

noupdate with the path to the original volume prevents Unison from accidentally modifying the original filesystem.


How to resize boot partition or to free space for it?

Moving one installation from one partition to another.

Gparted

Start a CD/DVD like "Parted Magic" or "GParted" "ubuntu"
Start GParted
Check which Partion you would like to copy to another.
For this example I want to copy partition "sda6" to "sda5"
Make sure that the target partition is larger than the source partition.
 ie. sda5 must be larger than sda6.
Choose (click on) sda6 and choose "copy".
Choose (click on) sda5 and choose "paste".
Click on "Apply" and confirm the warning window.
Gparted starts copy.
Once the copy is finished both sda5 and sda6 will have the same UUID.
   This is very dangerous so we need to change the UUID on the sda5.
In GParted choose the sda5 partition.
Right click on the sda5 partition and choose "new UUID" from the context menu (also available in the "Partition" top menu)
Click on "Apply" and confirm the warning window. This create's a new random UUID for sda5.

VERY IMPORTANT FROM THIS PONT ON YOU WILL ONLY BE EDITING FILES FROM THE NEW PARTITON "sda5"

DONT CHANGE OR TOUCH ANYTHING ON THE ORIGINAL PARTITION "sda6"

Terminal

Open a terminal
Type in "blkid" or "sudo blkid"
You will notice that sda5 and sda6 have different unique uuid's.
Leave that window open to use for copy and paste.

File Manager. IN sda5

open the file manager and navigate to "/boot/grub/" and click on "grub.cfg" so you can edit it.
You will need root priviliges to edit and save it afterwards

Text editor IN sda5

Highlight the UUID from sda6 from the terminal window (eg. 573323d9-16f0-4517-9050-bd4e26da57b1) and select copy.
Back to the grub.cfg in the text editor . Find the command "replace" or "find and Replace" in the menu. It will open the replace dialog.
Now Paste the UUID of sda6 (eg. 573323d9-16f0-4517-9050-bd4e26da57b1) into the "find" field.
Highlight the UUID from sda5 from the terminal window (eg. 5cbdd14f-5375-4876-8b42-d77a65b4bd81) and select copy.
Now Paste the UUID of sda6 (eg. 5cbdd14f-5375-4876-8b42-d77a65b4bd81) into the "Replace" field.
Important is to Click on "Replace all". Afterwards the UUID of sda6 will be replaced to that of sda5.

Change the Drive number IN sda5

Keep the text editor open so as to change partion number
Choose "replace" or "find and Replace" again.
In the "find" field     type  "hd0,msdos6"
In the "replace" field  type  "hd0,msdos5"
Important is to Click on "Replace all". Thereafter sda6 will be replaced by sda5.
Now select "save", to change the changes to the grub.cfg file.

One Last step the "fstab" IN sda5

File Manager. IN sda5

open the file manager and navigate to "/etc/" and click on "fstab" so you can edit it.
Once again you will need root priviliges to edit and save it afterwards.

Text editor IN sda5

Highlight the UUID from sda6 from the terminal window (eg. 573323d9-16f0-4517-9050-bd4e26da57b1) and select copy.
Find the command "replace" or "find and Replace" in the menu. It will open the replace dialog.
Now Paste the UUID of sda6 (eg. 573323d9-16f0-4517-9050-bd4e26da57b1) into the "find" field.
Highlight the UUID from sda5 from the terminal window (eg. 5cbdd14f-5375-4876-8b42-d77a65b4bd81) and select copy.
Now Paste the UUID of sda6 (eg. 5cbdd14f-5375-4876-8b42-d77a65b4bd81) into the "Replace" field.
Important is to Click on "Replace all". Afterwards the UUID of sda6 will be replaced to that of sda5.

AMOST DONE!!!!
Reboot Your Computer as normal.
You will of course reboot as normal from the sda6 partition.

Terminal.

Start a Terminal
2: execute "sudo update-grub".

REBOOT.

In the GRUB MENU you will notice that it will have an entry for sda5 eg"UBUNTU /dev/sda5".
Start it, and if all goes well you will be booting sda5 and not sda6.

Terminal.

Now to make sda5 our default grub installation

Start a Terminal
execute "sudo grub-install /dev/sda"

3: execute "sudo update-grub".

REBOOT.

In the GRUB MENU you will notice that it will have an entry for sda6 eg"UBUNTU /dev/sda6". This is the old sda6 installation.
Start the first entry "UBUNTU" in GRUB and you  will be booting into the new partition in sda5.

THAT'S IT!!!! Enjoy!!


Advice needed for running Linux distro for both server and desktop purposes

Your dilemma is similar to situations I have faced. I wanted to set up a server that could double as a desktop machine, and I had other machines that would function exclusively as desktops.

The server was an IBM system x3400 m3. I tried installing a number of desktop and server distros, including CentOS 6, Debian 6, Linux Mint 13, and others. The only one that worked was Ubuntu Server 12.04. I installed it and then installed the desktop followed by KDE. It has been running for months with no problems whatsoever.

For my desktop machines, I settled on Linux Mint 13 LTS with KDE. Here again, the machines have been running flawlessly for months.

Recently, I tested or retested several other distros, including CentOS 6.5, Debian 7.2, Mageia 3, OpenSUSE 13.1, and PClinuxOS 2013. My criteria included ease of use, aesthetics, and ability to run some graphics-intensive modeling programs that require openGL. From this group, I was most favorably impressed by CentOS and PClinuxOS. However, all of the distros fell short of Ubuntu and Linux Mint, and so I am staying with Ubuntu server for my server and Linux Mint for my desktops.

Although I favor Mint for my desktops, I could also be satisfied using Ubuntu with KDE.


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64 bit issues running 32 bit execute file (have followed previous guides)

This answered helped me solve my issue: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36665669/trying-and-failing-to-run-hello-world-32-bit-c-program-on-64-bit-ubuntu-on-w/36896713#36896713
Main points were using these commands:
sudo apt install qemu-user-static
sudo update-binfmts --install i386 /usr/bin/qemu-i386-static --magic '\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x03\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03\x00\x03\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00' --mask '\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfc\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xf8\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff'

sudo service binfmt-support start

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt update
sudo apt install g++:i386


I've got a new notebook with freeDOS as only OS

How exactly did you write the bootable USB? My guess is that your disk burner simply copied the files, there's a difference between just burning a USB and making it bootable (a bootloader needs to be written.) You might just need to try on another system and make sure that you use the program that Ubuntu recommends to write the startup disk (http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows), freedos is honestly not that useful. Your OEM should have installed Ubuntu for you:)


Migrating program files and projects from windows7 to Ubuntu

If you install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7 (or if you replace it and have a backup before), you will keep your Windows data.

Whether you can actually keep the project setup, depends on how you managed your project in Windows 7. C, C++ and Fortran can all be compiled on Linux. You can't run your binaries (*.exe) on Ubuntu natively, but if you have the source code, you can still compile them.

If you used an IDE, which is available for both Windows and Linux (like Eclipse), you most likely just can import a project into the same IDE on Linux. However, if you used an IDE, which is only available for Windows, you won't be able to take your project setup to Ubuntu.


Streaming a raw data bytes by byte into gstreamer pipeline

You can use stdbuf to pipe the file buffering the output in chunks of 1 byte:

stdbuf -o1 cat file | [...]


I solved doing this:

a2enmod php5.6-fpm
service apache2 restart


/var/log/messages has been deleted from Natty.
 You can find the same info in /var/log/syslog. Note that everything logged to messages was also logged to syslog.


When setting automatic updates installation, what about restarts?

You should not enable automatic rebooting if it is to be expected there are more users on a machine at that time. A reboot will happen without notifications. Apply for Livepatch if you want to update kernels without the need to reboot.

If you need a server to automatically reboot after updating use a fixed time. Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot-Time is intended for that and you can set it to reboot during your nighttime. And then inform your users that there will be downtime after updating.
Otherwise users never know when it will happen.


In connect to server, there is no server type option in Ubuntu 14.04

In the 'Connect to Server' dialog window, use 'davs://dav.box.com/dav' in the server address field and click on connect button, then, it would ask you to enter your box.com's username and password. Hope this helps..


Change DPI on HiDPI laptop with two external monitors

Try running the following command:

xrandr --output eDP1 --auto --output DP1 --auto --scale 2x2 --right-of eDP1 --output DP2 --auto --scale 2x2 --right-of DP1

This should make the HD monitors look smaller. You can also use this in conjunction with the following:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface scaling-factor 2

After running both of these commands, the Surface Pro 3 should look larger, but the external monitors should look the same size as they did before. Try adjusting the values to 1.5 if the Surface's display looks too 'big'.

Source: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/HiDPI


No, your assumption is wrong. The full path name for my_script file from your home directory is: /home/your_user_name/my_script. When you type ./my_script in terminal you actually try to execute the script (if is executable) and it will be executed only if your current working directory is /home/your_user_name/. To execute the script you can use also the full file path which is, as I said /home/your_user_name/my_script.

It is believed that a UNIX path name looks and feels like Internet addresses, thus result into compatibility. The full path name of the current working directory can be found in terminal by using the following command:

pwd

To find out the full path for your user home directory, you can use:

echo ~
echo $HOME
echo /home/$USER

The above three commands are equivalent.

To find out the full path name for a file you can use readlink command. For example, in your case:

cd ~
readlink -f my_script


How i get all the software in Ubuntu software download?

A website containing all official packages (but not from the partner repository) is http://packages.ubuntu.com/

You can:

browse packages per release and section
search by name and description
search for filenames inside the packages

Some features:

You can get a list of files inside a package
A download link to the package file is available
You can get the changelog for the package
Links to the bug tracker and project home page
A list of similar packages


Ubuntu 13.10 64 bit live USB created with UNetbootin either not recognised or "Disk Error" on Dell D630 BIOS A17

Try to make your usb bootable using Universal USB Installer

and try again.


Sudo or gksu for launching Sublime text 2?

Any GUI program should be elevated to root via gksudo or kdesudo.
Any console program should be elevated using sudo.

Loading Sublime Text with superuser privileges isn't a great idea, but there's your answer.