On Ubuntu 16.04 type in the terminal

sudo apt-get install libdvd-pkg

After installing libdvd-pkg you must run this command

sudo dpkg-reconfigure libdvd-pkg

This should allow DVD Playback

If you're still having trouble, most likely the region of your device is not set properly (or at all). Install regionset by typing

sudo apt-get install regionset

and then run

regionset


How do I make/extract/modify source of a package and repack it?

If you haven't already, install the build tools: sudo apt-get install build-essential

You can use the apt-get source DesktopVideo command to pull the source, diffs, and all other packaging files associated with that deb into the current directory. From there apply your patch, add a new entry in the log file dch -i, then use fakeroot and dpkg to create the package dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -us -uc


I did the same thing however I looked all over couldn't find an answer anywhere so I decided to investigate myself as I didn't want to reinstall the OS and lose all my files.

I investigated the /var/log/apt/history.log and found that the command you and I ran uninstalled a few key packages namely cinnamon for me or if your using GNOME it will be that. So to fix the issue I re-installed the missing files.

Ctrl+Alt+F1 will drop you from the blank screen into a terminal login with your normal user account and install the missing file with:

(If you're not using cinnamon just take a look in the above log file and see what the command uninstalled for you and reinstall them)

sudo apt-get install pulseaudio cinnamon-bluetooth pulseaudio-module-x11 mint-meta-cinnamon cinnamon alsa-base cinnamon-control-center pulseaudio-module-bluetooth libcanberra-pulse

Now reboot

sudo reboot

I know this is a bit of a late reply but hopefully it will help other people who run into this issue.


Exporting thunderbird RSS feeds to liferea

In Thunderbird click Manage Subscriptions in the Blog & News Feed account main page, select Export, choose a folder and click Save.
In Liferea, click Subscriptions >> Import Feed List, select the opml file exported by Thunderbird, click Import.

Personally, I don't like Thunderbird or Liferea for feeds, because I like to read them inside the browser. I'm currently using Opera, but I have posted a few suggestions for standalone and other types of readers at https://askubuntu.com/questions/9757/
You could also optimize your Thunderbird. Compact your mail folders from File >> Compact Folders. This should improve performance.
I don't use it and never tried to optimize it, like I do with Firefox. But since it is a Mozilla XUL application that uses sqlite, you could also try to optimize the databases with the following script. You will need sqlite3 command-line interface:
sqlite3
#!/bin/bash

killall thunderbird
echo "Please wait while the databases are optimized..."
find $HOME/.thunderbird/ \( -name "*.sqlite" \) -exec sqlite3 {} "vacuum" \;
echo "Thunderbird databases optimized with success! You can close this terminal."
read


How to add a session type button to lightdm-webkit-greeter theme?

If you look at lightdm-webkit-greeter.c in the source code, there are all sorts of interesting values we can get at from webkit. For a quick and dirty method to add a session selection dropdown to the default theme I did the following (this could definitely be expanded and improved upon):

In the default index.html, right above the line that writes the user list to the greeter:

document.write('<table id="user_table" style="margin: auto;">');

I added some code to write out the session selector:

document.write('<select id="session_list">');
for (i in lightdm.sessions)
{
  session = lightdm.sessions[i];
  if (session.key == lightdm.default_session)
    document.write('<option selected="selected" value="' + session.key + '">' + session.name + '</option>');
  else
    document.write('<option value="' + session.key + '">' + session.name + '</option>');
}
document.write('</select>');

The value attributes aren't really necessary in this code, I was going to use them to select the session, but decided to use the index instead. The other change is to the authentication_complete() function. In the default code we have:

if (lightdm.is_authenticated)
  lightdm.login (lightdm.authentication_user, lightdm.default_session);

So it always uses the default_session key. We want to instead use the selected session, so we can do something like:

if (lightdm.is_authenticated)
{
  session_list = document.getElementById('session_list');
  session = lightdm.sessions[session_list.selectedIndex];
  lightdm.login (lightdm.authentication_user, session.key);
}


You have mistaken word wrap for line breaks.

Compare:

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

to

  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

The first text is not word-wrapped while second one is wrapped to become more readable. In the source code of this answer, you can see the same text though. In order to make the text appear with consistent line breaks, provide the line breaks yourself (i.e., hit Enter

vim automatically breaks lines if you have textwidth (shorthand: tw) set (in normal mode, type :set tw=80 followed by Enter to have at most 80 characters on one line.). On your existing text, you can type gg to go to the beginning of your document followed by gqG to wrap from the current position to the end.

I have taken an alternative approach, the text was saved to a file foo.txt and I executed the fold -s foo.txt > foo-new.txt to get the below text:

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis
nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu
fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in
culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

For more information about the tools I have used:

vim textwidth setting: vim +h\ tw
"Wrap each input line to fit in specified width": man fold


Computer does not properly wake up from suspend

I ran Additional Drivers (invoked via Super+A, Additional...) and selected the proprietary drivers (fglrx-updates) that showed up after a few seconds. It took a minute or so to complete but the progress bar limped along from time to time.

Now I can resume. Researching it wasn't easy perhaps because it does seem to have been a recurring problem over various versions and machines. Hope it works for anyone that needs to try it. Should be easy enough to revert back to Open Source using the same utility.

This is Ubuntu 14.10 on a hp pavilion g6
mem: 3.3Gib
pro: AMD E2-3000M APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics × 2
gfx: VESA: SUMO
arc: 64-bit
dsk: 153.7GB


The problem is that the right way to install it has recently changed - so most directions you can find on the net will be outdated and no longer working for a while.

Popular Cinnamon PPA for Ubuntu 14.04 To Close

The change is that the former "official" PPA has been closed. But there is a replacement now, see this duplicate question:

How do I install the Cinnamon Desktop?


So this is a short guide, since I just got it working :)

Intel rapid start makes the laptop go into deep sleep after X(defined in bios) mins/hours. It will save you some battery life, if you leave your laptop in sleep for a long time. Read about it here: https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/what-is-intel-rapid-start-technology

Make sure your laptop supports it (check BIOS) and you have UEFI + GPT partition table. (thats what worked for me at least)

Here how I did it:

Make sure you have 4/8GB (same as your RAM) or whatever left as free storage. (or or shrink your /home partition. Depends on your setup) I uded gparted live usb for this.
Install gdisk and do the following:

sudo gdisk /dev/sdX (x being a,b,c whatever)
type p to print partiton table, you should see something like 8GB
free.
type n, to create a new partition. If you only have like 8GB space
free, just type enter until you see info about Hex code or GUID.
Enter D3BFE2DE-3DAF-11DF-BA40-E3A556D89593 as a Hex code or GUID.
Finish with w and Y to write it to disk.

Reboot into bios, activate Intel rapid start and set how many hours
you think is okay. I use 1 hour.

You can use 1 min setup for testing. It worked for me, hope it works for you :)

ALSO: Please note you might need to patch your kernel. See this: https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/423494/ You should be able to google how to patch ubuntu kernel.


How to make screenshot gallery from command line?

Once you edited your question I can see what you wish is to extract some frames from a video in order to be used like a gallery of the contents of such video file. So we're going to use the ffmpeg command in order to do this job.

First of all we need to install ffmpeg which can be done by dropping this in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

Once installed, make sure you are in the right directory in the terminal and once you have found your video file in the results of the ls command, write this in the terminal:

ffmpeg -i video.avi -r 0.5 -f image2 output_%05d.jpg

This will extract a frame from every 2 seconds, which you can adjust if first we explain/understand the parameters of this command as follows:

ffmpeg = Is the program which will do the conversion/extraction.
-i video.avi = Indicates the "input" file, can be an absolute or relative path
-r 0.5 = this indicates the framerate, which can be used to calculate how many frames are we going to use/skip in order to get the right
number of frames we need from the video.
-f image2 = a) -f "force format" b) image2 "Image file
demuxer" (let's read it as: force convert to image)
output_%05d.jpg = it the filename's pattern which be used in order
to drop images with sequential filenames with five trailing zeroes
so they will be perfectly arranged in a list.

Give this a try and you may wish to read more about the ffmpeg command options by using the ffmpeg --help command in a terminal or in the proper documentation webpage at https://ffmpeg.org/documentation.html

Good luck!


I have seen a similar problem that was caused by the fact that my laptop scanned for N networks about every minute or so. That dropped the link to my router that did not support N network. I switched to another routher with N support and did not see the problem anymore. Could you have a similar problem?


How can I make an executable to run different processes?

There doesn't look like a command line way to do it. You have to enable the Allow Multiple Instances option:

After you apply this option, PDFXCview should open new windows.


HDMI audio is off by default, install grub2 customizer, under general tab change 'quiet splash' to 'quiet splash nvidia.audio=1'.


unauthorized root access through emergency mode

Yes and no.  If you go in that direction, then the next statement is "Well, you can password protect grub", then the reply is "But then you can yank the drive and slave it in to something else".  Then, "Should have used full disk encryption", and the reply is "cold boot memory scrapers".  It goes on and on.

End result being, if you can touch it - you can make it yours.  So, everything is operating as designed.  Rescue mode without a password is by design and partially your fault for not putting in/setting a grub password.


I needed to put the config WITHIN [mysqld] block in my.cnf to take effect.

more details here


Nvidia driver issues after installing 19.04 on Asus UX433F

As mentioned by @karel & my update in the description the problem was systemback, I have removed it and it is working.

I will be creating separate thread with the Nvidia graphics issue.


Trying to find and save my Thunderbird profile folder, after Windows 10 crashed, with the help of Ubuntu desktop testversion usb stick

You say that you are searching under Users/AppData/Roaming/Thunderbird, but (and I may be wrong) it sounds like you are looking on the incorrect disk or partition.
You need to being looking on the Windows partition or disk, not the Ubuntu partition. Assuming that you are using the default Ubuntu file manager, Nautilus, the Windows partition or disk is usually listed in the GUI, in the left hand side bar as "Other Locations", or under "Devices". Open either, and then the appropriate partition, to see the contents of your Windows installation.

Now, you should be able to access your files.
For further information, see How can I access Windows files from Ubuntu
Also, you appear to have omitted your Windows username from the search path. You should be looking under Users/<Windows User Name>AppData/Roaming/Thunderbird.


Your Realtek rtl8723be usually benefits from being instructed which antenna to use. Most wireless drivers autodetect, but rtl8723be is not yet working correctly. We can do so with a driver parameter. Please open a terminal and do:

sudo modprobe -rv rtl8723be
sudo modprobe -v rtl8723be ant_sel=1

We’ve told the driver we’re using antenna 1. Is there any improvement? If not, we’ll try antenna 2:

sudo modprobe -rv rtl8723be
sudo modprobe -v rtl8723be ant_sel=2

With one of these two, you should see available networks when you click the Network Manager icon:

Whichever setting makes your wireless work is the one we’ll make permanent:

sudo -i
echo "options rtl8723be ant_sel=1"  > /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf
exit

Of course, specify the setting that yields the best performance from your experiment above.


Ubuntu installation won't work on crashed windows laptop

Flying guesses:

Secure boot may be a thing. I'd keep it enabled if possible, but try disabling it in the EFI options.
The storage device you are using could be bad. It may be something simple, but if you don't care about the data, try to fully reformat the drive, and let Ubuntu's installer handle everything for you. You can always go back and tinker if you get it to actually work with the simplest settings.
The options you selected are incompatible with the drive's current situation. This may be that you are trying to install something alongside something else when you really meant to destroy the drive's contents.

One easy way around a bad drive is to replace it with a cheap drive from somewhere like Microcenter. SSDs are around 20 dollars-ish now. I wouldn't (necessarily) use it in a desktop, or high-end laptop, but they're not bad now for something cheap. That may require more hardware work than you're comfortable with, though.
It wasn't clear if you were trying to install onto the USB stick from a physical CD, if that's true, it may be possible to get things rolling by disabling the internal drive in the EFI settings.
Good luck!


Google Calendar as default handler of webcal protocol for iCal/ICS files

In newer versions of Chromium/Chrome, you need to login to google calendar and click the overlapped diamond icon in the address bar.

Select "Use Google Calendar", then click done. This will register google calendar as a handler for webcal links.

Note:
You may need to set Chromium to allow sites to become default protocol handlers. You can do so via :

Advanced settings -> Privacy, Content Settings -> Handlers
Select "Allow sites to ask to become default handlers for protocols"


DockBarX autostart breaks shutdown menus

I had also the same issue recently with DockBarX. To fix it, I just added a delay for the DockBarX application to start. Modify the startup command to following:

sh -c "sleep 8 && dockx"

The number 8 is the delay and it can vary with machines. So try a lower value like 5 first and increase it till the issue is resolved.

Same issue is also having with Cairo dock. They can use the following startup command:

sh -c "sleep 8 && cairo-dock -o"


Details about hardware requirements for ubuntu touch

Ubuntu Touch is a variant of Ubuntu for smartphones and tablets. Higher-end Ubuntu smartphones will be able to run a full Ubuntu desktop when connected to a monitor and keyboard, a feature pioneered in Ubuntu for Android.

Ubuntu for Android is a variant of Ubuntu designed to run on Android phones, which provides a windowing application environment and desktop environment of Ubuntu when the phone is docked to lapdock. It is expected to come preloaded on several phones.

Source: Wikipedia


Tampering with the standard python version of Ubuntu is a fatal error. You need to reinstall.
Boot a live DVD or USB and reinstall. If your live DVD/USB is the same version as the installed Ubuntu version, you will see a "Reinstall" option. This will reinstall the system in the same setup as the existing installation, without formatting the partitions. That way, your user data and user configuration will be preserved.


Connect HID Omnikey 3121 to Citrix via Ubuntu 20.04

I'm working on (Ubuntu based) elementary OS and this is what worked for me:
sudo apt install libpcsclite-dev

Then I downloaded and unzipped the driver from https://www.hidglobal.com/drivers/30476. Within the directory of the unzipped driver, use
sudo ./install

You may need to install some other libraries, but the install script delivers helpful error messages.


How can I programatically determine which Ubuntu Versions are still supported?

You can use launchpadlib to do this. For example, in python:

#!/usr/bin/env python

from launchpadlib.launchpad import Launchpad

lp = Launchpad.login_anonymously('series-support-check')
for series in lp.projects['ubuntu'].series:
    print series.name, series.supported

For more info about the launchpad API, check out the web services API help or the API reference.


I cannot confirm the bug but my problem is similar to the one present in this report:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/chromium-browser/+bug/1309801

SOLUTION:

run chrome with the option:

--disable-gpu-compositing


Adding Two External Displays via USB-C adapter

There's more than one kind of USB-C to HDMI/DVI adapter, and there's more than one kind of USB-C port, if the two don't match then they won't work together.
The kinds of USB-C ports include USB only, USB with Thunderbolt, USB with DisplayPort, USB with Thunderbolt and DisplayPort, and more variations that are not very common.  This means that there's many kind of adapters for getting HDMI and DVI video from these ports.
If the USB-C port is USB only then to get video requires a USB to video graphics controller.  A common brand of such controllers is DisplayLink.  DisplayLink is different from DisplayPort.  DisplayLink is a brand of USB graphics controller, DisplayPort is an audio/video protocol.  If your USB-C port supports only USB then you will need a DisplayLink USB-C adapter to get video from that port.
If your USB-C port supports DisplayPort then a USB-C/DisplayPort to HDMI and DVI adapter will work.  A DisplayLink adapter will also work but since a DisplayPort to HDMI/DVI adapter is less expensive and more capable than a DisplayLink adapter it would most often be wise to take advantage of this.  I suspect that you have a USB-C/DisplayPort to HDMI/DVI adapter plugged into a port that is USB only.
There are USB-C ports that support Thunderbolt.  Thunderbolt on a USB-C port often means the port also supports DisplayPort but this isn't always the case.  A DisplayLink adapter will work on these ports but a Thunderbolt to HDMI/DVI adapter will often cost more and do more.  These contain a full fledged graphics GPU, are often quite large and built as a kind of dock that will provide power to a laptop and provide USB, Ethernet, and/or other ports.
So, look at the kind of USB-C to HDMI/DVI adapter you have.  Does the documentation for it say the host must have DisplayPort or Thunderbolt to work?  Does the documentation indicate that it has a DisplayLink USB to video controller?
Now, look at the documentation for your computer.  Does it indicate the USB-C port is USB only?  Does it indicate the USB-C port supports DisplayPort?  Does it indicate the USB-C port supports Thunderbolt?
DisplayLink adapters will work on any USB-C port that supports the USB protocol, which will be 99.999% of them.  DisplayPort based adapters will only work on USB-C ports that support the DisplayPort protocol.  This confuses people because even though they are not wanting a DisplayPort output the adapter will use the DisplayPort protocol to get audio and video from the computer then convert that to HDMI, DVI, VGA, or whatever.  It's difficult to say with any certainty how common DisplayPort support on USB-C is now, but I'm guessing 50/50 is not far off.
Thunderbolt on USB-C does seem uncommon on computers not made by Apple.  Computers that support Thunderbolt will likely have the Thunderbolt icon near the USB-C port, and on some computers not all USB-C ports will support Thunderbolt.  It's unlikely you have a Thunderbolt adapter since these are something of a specialty item, if you have one then you will likely be quite aware of it.  Because Thunderbolt rarely comes on a computer that doesn't also have DisplayPort, your adapter is not working, and the most common USB-C video adapters will be DisplayLink or DisplayPort, then it's unlikely your computer has Thunderbolt.
HDMI on USB-C is a thing but I'm not aware of any computers that support this, and adapter cables for this will be rare.  MHL is another audio/video protocol used on USB-C but this seems limited to smart phones, portable video games, and other electronics smaller than a laptop or tablet computer.  It's possible you picked up a USB-C/MHL to HDMI/DVI adapter by mistake.
Again, the most likely explanation for your trouble is that your adapter cable requires DisplayPort support on USB-C and your computer does not support this.  If that's the case then the quickest way to resolve this is by getting a dock, dongle, or cable that has a DisplayLink video controller.


Open a terminal and run:

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/keyboard

*instead of gedit you can use any other text editor that you have installed as leafpad

In the opened document, search for XKBOPTIONS="" and edit it so it looks like this XKBOPTIONS="terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp"

Save the file and reboot.


Context3D not available! Possible reasons: wrong wmode or missing device support

That's more of a browser question than an Ubuntu question.

I would suggest trying some other browsers first, such as Brave being my favorite, Chromium, etc...  See if that makes a difference.

The game may need the Flash plugin, which is deprecated and the world is moving away from it, but it can still be done if absolutely needed.

The game may be a Microsoft Active-X game - which based on the error may be likely - in which case there may not be a reasonable fix.

The game may be a Java game, try making sure you have the Java plugin installed.


ok I found the culprit. it was in etc/crontab.root. that file populates my cron job list every boot, I just added my changes to it, and viola.


Xubuntu 16.04 can't restart from sleep mode

Unfortunately, I am experiencing the same problem and I do not have a solution, however, I do have a work around this.
When you open your laptop lid, bring up a virtual terminal by pressing control, alt, and f1. Then exit the virtual terminal by pressing control, alt, and f7. This will lead you to your normal login screen.
However, after I do this, another bug occurs where the mouse just disappears. Simply repeat the same sequence above by bringing up a virtual terminal and then exiting it to fix this mouse issue. While it may vary depending on your settings, this will take you back to your login screen. Just enter you password and you should be good to go.
If you ever find out how to fix this issue, please comment it because this is the only thing that I have found to solve it.
Edit: For more clarification, I upgraded from Ubuntu 14.04 LTS to 16.04 and am using an ASUS Zenbook UX305F.

Edit 2: A simpler method, but less secure method for this
In xfce, go into your power manager settings and uncheck the box labelled "Lock screen when system is going for sleep." This allows you to open and close your laptop at will without fail (for me at least). After testing this over the last day or so, my laptop does go to sleep, but I have heard that others do not, so be wary.
However, now anyone can just open your laptop and do whatever they want.


Unable to run memtest from grub boot menu

as I have seen , this problem was effected many users .

as I came to know one solution is there with installing other version .

get this file download

wget http://www.memtest.org/download/4.20/memtest86+-4.20.zip

unzip that and there exists a .bin file .

execute with

chmod +x <filename>.bin
./<filename>.bin

hope it helps you .


Searching for "device reported invalid chs sector" shows:

Your hard drive might be broken

If you have a live-CD out of this list, you could test your hard drive with smartmontools:

The other thing I found was the ext4-bug, but thats a very special case (3 rare mount options + lazy unmount) and not yours.


Will having two versions of the same program cause any security or stability issues or is it perfectly fine?

I once ended up with 2 minecraft launchers with the same problem of software saying I had only one, but both worked, and I had no problems and my computer ran like that for a few months until windows 10 wiped my drive on accident. You should not have any stability or security issues if there are two of the same program different versions


Installing Ubuntu 19 and Windows 10 Professional on a Lenovo IdeaPad Y510P

I'm planning something similar to this. So I've already made my homework and share it with you:

Windows needs at least 60 GB I recommend to give each OS 115 GB so you have 10 GB unused space on your SSD, to sustain durability. Furthermore, Windows creates the necessary Partitions and the Ubuntu-Installation afterward suggests to Install Ubuntu alongside Windows and also creates the necessary Partitions. For your 1TB-Drive: It must have either be NTFS or FAT32 formated. And more importantly, you mustn't tell Windows to create a dynamic Disk, It has to be a Basic Disk if you want, that Ubuntu can access it.
It's much easier to install Windows on your entire Disk first and afterward install Ubuntu, so Ubuntu can just shrink the Windows Partitions.
You don't have to disable it, because of the fact, that the Ubuntu ISO is capable of UEFI-Systems. As far as I'm informed, you can't enable UEFI afterward, without possibly break your System.


In a chain of cables and connectors you are limited to the lowest bandwidth of the lowestpart.

In the case of DVI single link that bandwidth means a maximum resolution of 1920 x 1200 at 60 Hz.


Problems with SMB shares: Is it possible to downgrade gvfsd-smb?

gvfs-smb Bug #1075923 Workaround:

downgrade gvfs-* to Version 1.12 of 12.10 with:
- add /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main

deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main

run: sudo apt-get update
install synaptic: sudo apt-get install synaptic
run synaptic: sudo synaptic
remove all gvfs-* nautilus with synaptic
search gvfs-*, select, press Ctrl + E (Force Menu)
select: gvfs-* Versions 1.12
install by run install button
search and install nautilus again.

Voila... Test Nautilus copy 1TB Files without freeze


You probably need to disable a Windows feature called Fast Startup, as described here (among other places):

http://www.eightforums.com/tutorials/6320-fast-startup-turn-off-windows-8-a.html

This feature turns a shutdown operation into a suspend-to-disk operation. The result is often filesystem corruption or an inability to mount shared partitions (including the EFI System Partition, or ESP) from non-Windows OSes.

If disabling Fast Startup doesn't do the job by itself, then I recommend you run a filesystem check on the ESP, as oldfred suggests.


Changing brightness in Unity settings results in dead SAMSUNG 300e5z-s08

To get working brightness key. try following

execute sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Change this line

GRUB_CMLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to something like below

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"

Execute sudo update-grub and reboot . See if brightness keys are working.

It is still possible ubuntu won't remember your brightness settings. So you have to change brightness each time.

This is for setting brightness manually after doing the above steps.

Try following for paths shown by ls /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness and replace accordingly.

example paths will be like

/sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness

For the above path Get the maximum brightness:

cat  /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/max_brightness

Try a lower value to set the brightness, say output is 16 so I will try with half of it

echo 8 | sudo tee  /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness

If this works,  make this happen in each login automatically by doing the following

sudo gedit /etc/rc.local

Enter this line just before exit 0. It should look like

echo YOUR_VALUE_HERE > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness
exit 0

Also don't install nvidia-drivers in an optimus enabled laptop, you need bumblebee.
See discussion over here
Is a NVIDIA GeForce with Optimus Technology supported by Ubuntu?

Please let us know the results.


You need to configure a user for remote access.  This will provide for you to connect to your database using any client including Microsoft Access.

First enable remote access to your database by editing the mysql server's configuration file.  You will find this in /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.conf

Look for this link and ensure it's commented out or remove this line:

# bind-address          = 127.0.0.1

If you made a change to the file, be sure to restart the mysql server with:

$ sudo systemctl restart mysql

Now you will have to create a user, or ensure a current user can connect from remote.  You can do this with these steps from a terminal command:

$ mysql -u root -p

Answer the password prompt with the root password and continue with:

mysql> GRANT ALL ON mydatabase.* TO 'myuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypass';

The variables of that command are mydatabase, myuser, and mypass.

mydatabase    - The name of the database
myuser        - The user with access to the database
mypass        - The password for the user

The command will create the user if it doesn't exist and assign the password "mypass" or whatever you put in that field for the user.  If the user already exist it'll just make the "mypass" the password for that user.

You can test the connection by running this from the commanline from this computer or from any computer.

$ mysql -h [hostname/or IP address] -u myuser -p

When you press ENTER it will prompt you for your password and connect you to the server if the credentials are correct.  You can then run this to load the database:

mysql> use mydatabase;

The commandline test is what the client application (in this case, Microsoft Access) would be performing automatically.  When you configure the client, Microsoft Access (or any other GUI database client, it'll ask you for the these things:

host (which you supply with the hostname or ipaddress)
database
userId
password

The command will create the user if it doesn't exist and assign the password "mypass" or whatever you put in that field for the user.  If the user already exist it'll just make the "mypass" the password for that user.

You can test the connection from by running this from the commanline from this computer or from any computer.

$ mysql -h [hostname/or IP address] -u myuser -p

When you press ENTER it will prompt you for your password and connect you to the server if the credentials are correct.  You can then run this to load the database:

mysql> use mydatabase;

The commandline test is what the client application (in this case, Microsoft Access) would be performing automatically.  When you configure the client, Microsoft Access (or any other GUI database client, it'll ask you for the these things:

host (which you supply with the hostname or ipaddress)
database
userId
password

The default mysql port is 3306.  Your client will give you an option to provide the port if you have configured your remote to be different.  You'll have to set your router for port forwarding to your mysql server computer.  This will be port 3306 or a different one if you configure your server different from the default.

To test the connection from the commandline in specifying the port you would use:

$ mysql -h [hostname/or IP address] --port 3306 -u myuser -p

Change the 3306 to match how you have your server configured if you change it from the default.

As far as your question, "Do I substitute 'myuser'@'localhost'", the myuser can by your name, or whatever name you decide to give it.  It's up to you if you want it to be the same name.


I guess that cups service is an upstart job that run /etc/init.d/cups script.

Check if is present /etc/init/cups.conf and if it exec /etc/init.d/cups.

Regarding the removal of links in rcX.d you should remove your script in /ect/init.d before you run update-rc.d command, indeed according to update-rc.d manual:

  When  invoked  with the remove option, update-rc.d removes any links in
  the /etc/rcrunlevel.d directories to the script /etc/init.d/name.   The
  script  must have been deleted already.  If the script is still present
  then update-rc.d aborts with an error message.


Get the openstack cinder volume size through python bindings

for volume in cinder_instance.volumes.list():
      ...     print volume.id  # This will give cinder-volume ID
      ...     print volume.size # This will give cinder-volume size
      ...

ededdee133445454
10


Mouse and Keyboard doesn't recognized after boot- Timeout problem

I found that I have uninstalled xserver-xorg-input-all previously.
The main reason of problem is there is no input driver so it couldn't be mounted as a valid device.
So the problem simply can be solved by executing this:
sudo apt install xserver-xorg-input-all


Unity dash as well as Terminal is not coming

This is a confirmed bug (see launchpad)

The current work-around is:

From a terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install unity
dconf reset -f /org/compiz/

This will reinstall unity and reset the config.

If that doesn't works then:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
rm -f /home/user/.config/dconf/user

but be aware that this solution will install all of the packages from ubuntu-desktop (including things like gedit, sound utility, archive managers etc.)


Is there a prettier login screen for Ubuntu 18.10?

That looks to me like a standard gdm3 greeter screen. Not showing a picture for your account is supposed to be safer (ie. revealing less about the account you are logging into).

You could always replace gdm with another greeter, (older Ubuntu used lightdm) but gdm3 does provide some configuration

  such as changing the logo icon, display background, and GTK theme

for which the following wiki may help https://wiki.debian.org/GDM otherwise a search engine scan provided me many howto's.
(I didn't see a Ubuntu wiki page for gdm)


How to add subtitles a complete folder using ffmpeg in linux

mkdir outputs
for f in *.mkv *.mp4; do ffmpeg -i "$f" -vf subtitles="${f%.*}.srt" -c:a copy outputs/"$f"; done

See:

FFmpeg subtitles filter documentation
Bash parameter expansion


How to add a rich control(not just MenuItem) for a applet like Rhythmbox

You're probably talking about indicators and not applets. The available controls are very limited. Anything other than normal menu enties are provided by libido.


how can i set ircd-hybrid server password?

In the auth block for your users, you need to add in a password and encrypted line:

auth {
        user = "*@*";
        class = "users";
        flags = can_idle;
        password = "mOgcgwU6biduI";
        encrypted = yes;
        spoof = "youserver.user";
};

Use mkpasswd from your irc bin directory to create the password. Doing this will require all users to have to supply the password to connect.


Diffrent sets of applications for each user

The only easy way of doing this in Linux right now is using a virtual machine to try out KDE on.  There are hard ways, including editing all .desktop files, compiling KDE from scratch, or installing a separate distro, but for what you want a virtual machine would be the best approach.


Bash command: ls -lah not showing /etc directory?

You're probably just missing it in the list. Try just ls -lh and see what you can find. Remember, too, that they're in alphabetical order, so it should be pretty easy to find.

If you still can't find it, post a screenshot of what you do see.


Changing Languages on Login / BIOS Screen

Login with LiveCD (Try Ubuntu without Installing)
Mount your root partition in read/write mode: sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdXY /mnt -o rw
Edit your /mnt/etc/defaults/keyboard file. Mine is:

$ cat /etc/default/keyboard
XKBLAYOUT="us,ua,ru"
XKBVARIANT=",winkeys,"
BACKSPACE="guess"
XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBOPTIONS="grp:toggle,terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp,grp_led:scroll"

And you could also change your /mnt/etc/default/locale to:

    $ cat /etc/default/locale
    #  File generated by update-locale
    LC_ALL=en_GB.UTF-8
    LANGUAGE=en_GB

I generated it by

sudo update-locale LANGUAGE=en_GB
sudo update-locale LC_ALL=en_GB.UTF-8
. /etc/default/locale

If that will not help, then you could try chrooting your system and execute

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration


Yeah that link was for win7 and Ubuntu 12.04. There is a problem with win8.  Microsoft Windows 8 really created a mess for all Linux distributions.Your system has UEFI activated.which has to be deactivated. Follow this to install Ubuntu on a system which has win8 preinstalled.
You will have to follow the steps as mentioned.You will also have to re-install Ubuntu.


Try this.  I think you can accomplish that, by creating a virtual ethernet (eth0).  To do so, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo ifconfig eth0:0 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx  (where xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is the IP address)

Hope this helps.


The root account in Ubuntu is defaultly disabled. When you enabled the root account (set a password for it) then you can disble it easy by the following command:

sudo passwd -dl root

-d means to delete the password (make it empty)
-l means lock the password of the account


Docker CE installation issue: Invalid configuration of SYS_GID_MIN, GID_MIN, or SYS_GID_MAX

According to this discussion, the issue seems to be with the configuration specified in the /etc/login.defs file. I uncommented the following line

#SYS_GID_MAX          999

and the installation succeeded.


how to add some space for a specific DIR with a USB key

If you can't move it due to operational reasons (in other words, you can move, but things won't work anymore), then here's what you a gotta do:

In Terminal:

cd /home
mkdir usb
sudo mount /dev/sd_
sudo mv /home/Completed/* usb/
sudo rm -r /home/Completed
sudo umount /dev/sd_
sudo mv usb Completed
sudo mount /dev/sd_ Completed

And the USB drive will hold the contents, but they will show up as that same directory.  Also make sure to run

sudo mount /dev/sd_ /home/Completed

when you boot up, otherwise it won't show up.

REPLACE /dev/sd_ with /dev/sdc or /dev/sdd or whatever your USB shows up as in /dev/.

If you can't move it due to permissions, then you're out of luck.  Use the USB for storing other stuff you can move.


downgrade ppa packages to versions available at a previous point in time

Using xorg-edgers ppa for daily work could be a pretty bad idea.

It may gives you latest drivers, true, but you can also get not working drivers.

To remove a PPA and downgrade the packages replaced by it (so going back to the ones available on the official repositories), first install ppa-purge:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

And then remove the PPA, downgrading gracefully to official packages:

sudo ppa-purge ppaname

This should downgrade your packages back to official ones.

Other packages that were in PPA but not in official repositories won't be uninstalled. You should manually tell the package manager to remove them, for example using apt:

sudo apt-get purge packagename

You can find the name of the ppa looking at the "Software Sources" section of Ubuntu Settings, and see a list of packages it provides on its launchpad page (or looking at the "Origin" section of Synaptic Package Manager, if installed).


Okay, seems like you have to manually delete the repository, as add-apt-repository and ppa-purge seem to refuse touching it because it is not compatible with your Ubuntu release. It has seemingly been discontinued in 2015 with the last supported release being Ubuntu 15.10 (Wily).

To do that, you have to remove the sources list file add-apt-repository created when adding the PPA. I would expect it to be named like this, but it could also be slightly different:

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/midori-ubuntu-ppa-artful.list

Open this (or however it is really named) file and verify that it is the correct one. It should contain only lines mentioning the repository URL from your error messages, i.e.

http://ppa.launchpad.net/midori/ppa/ubuntu artful

If that is the case, you can delete the file:

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/midori-ubuntu-ppa-artful.list

After that, update your software lists with the new, changed configuration:

sudo apt update


zram creates a virtual block device of a size you specify by writing ( for example "512m" ) to /sys/block/zramX/disksize ( where X is the 0 based number of the zram device in question, so 0 for the first one ).

You can then format it for swap with mkswap /dev/zram0 and enable swapping on it with swapon /dev/zram0. Data written to it will be compressed and stored in RAM. The compressed data itself can not be swapped out. Note that not all data is compressible.

Which swap device is used up first is up to their priority, which you can specify with the -p xx argument to swapon.  A swap with higher priority will be filled before a lower one so it is a good idea to give zwap a high priority so it will be used up before falling back to a disk swap.


Ubuntu 20.04 tab flashing screen after upgrading from 18.04

Restarting gdm3 worked for me in ubuntu cli!
First check your gdm3 status by typing
sudo systemctl status gdm3

After entering see whether all parameters are proper and are running or not. In my case some parameter failed to run. So I restarted gdm3 by entering the command
sudo systemctl restart gdm3

This worked for me. Hope it helps others.


Previous frame seems to flicker in any type of window

Ok, found a workaround for the problem.

In compiz settings manager, go to workarounds, and there select the checkbox for Force full screen redraws (buffer swap) on repaint, and it disappeared for me:

For command line (Ubuntu 14.04):

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
ccsm
filter on workarounds, enable workaround plugin (enable prompted dependencies)
click on workaround plugin, check "Force full screen ..." option
close


Can the sudo password be used to access a user's personal data?

First of all, the sudo password is the normal account password of an admin user of your computer. It can be used to log in to your account and to get root permissions i.e. full access to the whole system from there.
What is necessary to use the password though is any kind of access that allows you to log in on your machine. This is e.g. physical access (but there is no real defence against an attacker with physical access anyway, see e.g. How to secure my laptop so that hacking by physical access is not possible?) but also SSH or Remote Desktop, if that is enabled and reachable over network. Also keep in mind that there always might be some unknown and unpatched vulnerabilities that could be exploited.
Now, how to get from system access (which is already pretty bad) to email? If your email account credentials are stored anywhere on your computer in unencrypted form (e.g. Firefox/Thunderbird standard password manager without master-password) or encrypted with your account password (e.g. Chrome stores its passwords in your user account's login keyring), they are readable by someone with access to your user account. Also if you use a mail program like Thunderbird which saves local copies of your emails, these will be accessible too.
Other than that, unfortunately most people (no idea to what extent this applies to you) often reuse the same or similar passwords for different things. If your local Ubuntu user account password is equal or similar to your email account password, someone might have the idea to try it. Even if they are not too similar, knowing one of your passwords might give hints on your personal password invention technique, which could improve chances of targeted intelligent brute-force or dictionary attacks.
Conclusion
Your sudo/user password is a local password, which is only useful for those with access to your machine that allows them to log in. So if your system is otherwise well secured, a random stranger with no other identifying information about you can't do much with it.
However, passwords in general should be treated sensitive, especially because humans often use similar passwords or schemes to create them.


Wifi adapter not found, rtl8821ce no longer working [18.04]

The issue was that BIOS Secure Boot was On.

Even though I did turn off Secure Boot 6 months ago, my BIOS settings reset to default(maybe it updated?), so I had to turn it off again.


I had the same problem and solved it by going into CCSM > General Options > Focus & Raise Behaviour. There, all I did was change the Focus Prevention Level to Low. Now, when I open an application via the Dash, it open up on top and has focus.


How do I downgrade to a kernel version that I have previously uninstalled

You should first check whether these versions are still in the repositories with:

sudo aptitude search linux-image-2.6.35-22-generic (or 35-25 for the other version)

If they are indeed still there, just install the one you want with:

sudo aptitude install linux-image-2.6.35-22-generic

otherwise, follow this link (for 2.6.35-22) or this (for 2.6.35-25)


How do I figure out which version of OpenCL comes with my nvidia-current-dev package?

Support for OpenCL 1.1 was added to nvidia's official driver in version 280, so anything earlier will support only OpenCL 1.0 (moreover older graphics cards support OpenCL 1.0 even with the latest drivers, but that's not the case with GT240).


What software RAID solution are you using? mdadm or dmraid/fakeraid (which would still be dependent on the controller)? Also you don't seem to want to recover data from a failed RAID0. Putting such a wording in the title of your question wouldn't make you look very smart or make other users around here care.

Analysis

ning@ning-desktop:~$ sudo dmraid -ay
[…]
RAID set "isw_hfdfaihhf_HDDRAID0" was not activated

Okay, dmraid found a raidset but didn't activate it. Let's find out why.

  sdb and sdc are the two disks in RAID0, sdc is a USB drive for data storage

There is obviously something wrong here.

Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes

Disk with 1TB capacity, check. Something indicating that this device is part of some kind of software RAID?

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

While this is possible with mdadm, it is not recommended. With zfs (and probably btrfs too) there would have been a partition table, so I guess we are searching for some kind of mdadm compatible format (have a look at the --metadata parameter on the manpage for a listing of formats). I don't know about how dmraid/fakeraid handles this, as I don't recommend using it.
Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes

Disk with 1TB capacity, check. But this can't possibly be the disk of the RAID set we are looking for as this contains partitions indicating that this is possibly a Windows installation and it has a different sector size.

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 * 2048 614402047 307200000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdc2 614402048 1843202047 614400000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdc3 1843202048 3072002047 614400000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdc4 3072002048 3907035135 417516544 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Note: sector size is 4096 (not 512)

Disk /dev/sdd: 3000.6 GB, 3000592977920 bytes

Like sda not the disk we're looking for as it isn't a drive of 1TB capacity. This might be the USB drive mentioned above.

Conclusion

You are not telling us the full story.

You have another 1TB drive that is currently not attached to the machine. Attach it and try again.
You probably wiped one half of the set by installing another operating system.

Don't ever use RAID0 for important data.


Open a terminal and run this command:

sudo touch /etc/libuser.conf

Then run this command to start the application:

sudo -H system-config-samba

Edit: To have it launch from the menu:

** Create a new file at: /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/com.ubuntu.pkexec.samba.policy

Add this to it:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE policyconfig PUBLIC
 "-//freedesktop//DTD PolicyKit Policy Configuration 1.0//EN"
 "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/PolicyKit/1/policyconfig.dtd">
<policyconfig>

  <action id="com.ubuntu.pkexec.samba">
    <message>Authentication is required to run the Samba Server Settings</message>
        <icon_name>samba</icon_name>
    <defaults>
      <allow_any>auth_admin</allow_any>
      <allow_inactive>auth_admin</allow_inactive>
      <allow_active>auth_admin</allow_active>
    </defaults>
    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.path">/usr/sbin/system-config-samba</annotate>
    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.allow_gui">true</annotate>
  </action>

** Edit the launcher at /usr/share/applications/system-config-samba.desktop

Find this line: Exec=gksu system-config-samba

Replace with this line: Exec=pkexec system-config-samba

Note: This seems overkill for something that:

(1) WIll likely be used once or twice in a year.

(2) Will eventually be removed from the repository: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/system-config-samba/+bug/1740419


Alternatives to installing Ubuntu from bootable USB and bootable DVD

The EFI boot of this MBP is 32 bits. While the machine is 64 bit.
a bootable USB with a 64 bit Ubuntu will provide a 64 EFI boot. This wont work, the EFI boot 64 bit is not seen by the MBP.
The solution that worked for me:

installing rEFInd from OSX
create a bootable USB to install a 32 bits linux kernel such as Debian 10.6 (Ubuntu 18.04 has also a 32 bit version).
Then from rEFInd, the system can boot from the bootable USB and proceed to installation.

Side-Note that, rEFInd 32 bits can boot a 32 bit bootable USB with a 64 bit linux kernel for installation. However, since installed, rEFInd is not able to load a 64-bit kernel. That is why GRUB replaces rEFInd for booting and loading.


How can I dual boot ubuntu and encrypt it’s ssd and hdd partitions?

I’m not so sure how you’d go about doing this in one go, but I’ve done something similar on my dual-boot machine with several attached drives, and this can be summarized as:

Select the encrypt option for your OS partition during OS installation. This takes care of one part.
Use Vera Crypt (a multi-platform freeware) post OS installation to encrypt your HDD drive with a custom key. Here’s the link: https://www.veracrypt.fr/en/Home.html

NOTE: the drives/partitions might still appear upon booting into other OS within the same system, but provided they were encrypted, they will not be accessible.


so solution is you have to  change default jdk by following command

sudo update-alternatives --config java

And select different entry for jdk path eg:- 1 or 2 or 3 any and enter
you have to change entry from default to some different jdk

This will work 100%


Unity installed on one system, not on another

In the absence of any information of the type of graphics card or integrated graphics installed, my suggestion would be to check if there are any suggested graphics drivers to be activated in the Additional Hardware Drivers window.


Ubuntu/Windows 10 dual boot multiple efi

I'm the author of the answer on SuperUser that mook765 quoted. I'm therefore going to cut-and-paste part of that answer, and make some edits to it....

The EFI specification imposes no limit on the number of ESPs that may be present on a computer or on a hard disk; you could have dozens of them if you wanted to, and that would be fine from the EFI's perspective. Unfortunately, Microsoft is not so flexible; Windows officially supports just one ESP per disk (maybe per computer; I'm a bit foggy on that detail). I don't know about Windows 8 or later, but the Windows 7 installer will flake out if it sees more than one ESP on a disk; the installation will proceed part of the way and then fail. (At least, that's what it's done in my tests.) That said, if you create a second ESP after installing Windows, Windows will continue to boot and operate correctly, at least as far as I've seen. (I can't promise that it won't misbehave if you use some particular feature, though.)

Overall, then, in a multi-boot environment, I recommend restricting yourself to one ESP. I also recommend making it rather large -- 550MiB is my usual recommendation, for assorted technical reasons having to do with rare bugs and FAT sizes. That said, if you've got an existing installation with a smaller ESP, or with multiple ESPs, it's probably fine to just stick with it. In either case, Linux and Windows can share a single ESP just fine. I do, however, recommend backing it up early and often -- definitely back it up before installing a new OS. Because the ESP holds your boot loaders, an accidental erasure of it will render your computer unbootable.

If you need to re-install Windows, it may be necessary to "hide" the non-Windows ESP by changing its type code. You can do this with gdisk in Ubuntu with the t command. (Try setting it to 8300, which is the code for a Linux filesystem.) You'll also need to use w to save the changes. Don't do this now, though; do it only if it becomes necessary in the future.


sudo apt-get install virtualbox-dkms
sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-dkms

If you get dependency errors do

sudo apt-get -f install

After all dkms packages are correctly instaled do

sudo /usr/lib/virtualbox/vboxdrv.sh setup


The easiest way to record immediately is by pressing the record button:

To enable it click View → Advanced Controls.

Records become stored as .ts files which you can watch with VLC. You find them in ~/Downloads, which you can change.

To cut .ts files I recommend DVBcut : DVBcut is a Qt application that allows you to select certain parts of an MPEG transport stream (as received via Digital Video Broadcasting, DVB) and save these parts into a single MPEG output file. It follows a 'keyhole surgery' approach where the input video and audio data is mostly kept unchanged, and only very few frames at the beginning and/or end of the selected range are re-encoded in order to obtain a valid MPEG file.

By that tool you can export the files to .mpeg without worrying about any audio lag. Information about how to use it you find on it's homepage (see wiki question).

To record an mpeg-stream use this command in a terminal:

cvlc dvb-t:// :dvb-frequency=$FREQUENCY :dvb-bandwidth=$BANDWIDTH :program=$PROGRAM :sout=~/Videos/record.mpg --no-sout-display

Take the parameters from your channels.conf, whereat $PROGRAM in each case is the last number of the line. If you want to watch your record at the same time replace the last parameter with --sout-display. To stop the record kill the process with Ctrl+C or close the terminal.

I tested to replace .mpg with .avi and .mp4 without success: One then has a shift of sound and the other doesn't record sound. But using .mpg seems to be an acceptable alternative to .ts.

You can schedule records as .mpeg-streams as described in this post.

Another good alternative to watch TV on PC was Me TV , but since a while it seems to be buggy and doesn't work as it should - which led me to use VLC, too.


How can I get my built-in microphone to work on a Lenovo G770?

It may have something to do with hardware configuration in Sound Settings.  You can get to sound settings by clicking on the volume icon in the upper tray.  I'm not at my Ubuntu machine right now, but I always put mine on Full Analog Duplex and it allows the mic to work.


Am I permitted to create custom metapackages in PPAs?

You can upload a metapackage to a PPA on Launchpad, yes. As a metapackage contains no actual source code, and only results in an empty binary package (or multiple empty binary packages), that only depend on other packages, you must upload a source package which contains your own modifications, as you are creating the source package and specifying what the metapackage names are, what they depend on, and the other relevant metadata.


Ubuntu 13.10, logout button on top taskbar missing

Like, Chih Ho mentioned this is a bug. I'd like to offer a work-arounds here. It may be useful for others in future as well, and I had a lot of fun while pondering this question, so might as well post this "solution".

So, you know how you can shutdown computer through bash, right? Well, it's also possible to log-out of the GUI through bash by entering gnome-session-quit (and don't worry about the whole gnome-session thing, it works regardless). What if you could make a script that brings up a terminal window and asks you to choose log-out or quit ? Well, here it is.

Before we even begin writing the script, open the file manager, go to Edit drop-down menu -> preferences -> Behavior, and check "Run executable text files when they are opened." That will actually let you run a script from the Desktop.

Now for the script itself. Open the terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T), and type nano ~/Desktop/Logout_Script.sh . In this case I'm using nano text editor to create Logout_Script.sh on desktop, but that's a formality - you can choose whatever text editor you like.

Here's the body of the script itself:

#!/bin/bash
xterm -hold -e " echo  'Enter your password to shutdown, Ctrl+C to logout instead'; sudo shutdown -P +10 || gnome-session-quit --logout  "

Let's see what is actually going on here. xterm -hold -e "  " will open xterm window and hold it, and execute whatever set of command you place in between the quotation marks. In this case it will open xterm window and hold it, and echo a prompt for you to enter password to shutdown, or if you want to cancel to press Ctrl+C. What comes next is the actual shutdown command, which will ask you for password. The logical or (||) will evaluate if shutdown exits successfully or not. If you press Ctr+C at this stage, this will cancel shutdown, and execute next command , which is gnome-session-quit. That in turn, should bring up a transparent log-out prompt. Once you done writing, remember to modify the permissions of the script, so you can actually execute it. That is,

sudo chmod 755 ~/Destop/Logout_Script.sh

So here's the xterm window that pops-up when I hit enter on the script(excuse the bright colors):

Note, I mentioned that xterm -hold -e will hold xterm window until closed. That is, it will hold until you graphically close it, by pressing on the red x in the upper right corner, but if you plan to log out or shut down it won't be necessary, so we can ignore that. But what if you opened window, entered password, the system went for shutdown, and then half way you decided to cancel it? Then the window would hang around, and  you would have to kill it graphically. Why? Because shutdown command exited sucessfully, so logical or would not execute gnome-session-quit part of the script. Also, in the script I wrote sudo shutdown -P +10, which will shutdown computer within 10 minutes, but if you want immediate shutdown, you may want to write now instead of +10 .

And one more thing: pay attention to the sequence of -hold and -e. If you place -e first, it will give you error, so to actually hold the window -hold has to be first.

Why write such script? Just to substitute for the missing indicator, I guess. Certainly, on laptops (not sure about desktops) there's power-button what actually gives you the transparent menu with logout-shutdown-suspend choices, but this way it's more fun.

Hope this helps to you or anybody else. If anybody wants to improve this script, please do so, just let me know what you changed - I wanna learn ,too :)

Some sources:

Logging out
Calling xterm to run commands


Need suggestion for working Xubuntu theme

Greybird theme xfwm in Xubuntu 11.10 is actually hard to resize window using mouse. Recent version fix this problem. Otherwise you can use F8 to resize window.

Other Xfwm recommended is shiki theme

$ sudo apt-get install shiki-colors-xfwm-theme

It has two xfwm theme. You can choose "Shiki-Colors-Easy-Metacity" to get thicker border.


-- is commonly used to indicate end of options, in this case

perl -- file.pl -ARGUMENT

This is explained in the documentation

  A -- signals the end of options and disables further option
  processing. Any arguments after the -- are treated as filenames and
  arguments.


A Software Center review claims Ruby has a virus. Is it accurate?

I couldn't find another way to locate the review rather than hack into the raw review  api for the ruby package. Here's that review (I've trimmed some of the metadata):

"rating": 1,
"reviewer_username": "JmHGnMf",
"usefulness_total": 7,
"usefulness_favorable": 0,
"summary": "Warning Virus (PUA)",
"review_text": "Warning This Program Has A Virus!!!!!!!!!! PUA<---",
"version": "1:1.9.3.4",
"date_created": "2014-05-26 17:39:13",
"reviewer_displayname": "Ray",

"Ray" could have been a lot more descriptive. What virus? Where's the proof? Unsurprisingly none of the 7 people voting on this review found it useful. Username looks like junk too.

Given the lack of detail, I think somebody's trying to grief Ruby developers. I'd ignore it.

I'm not saying that I've scanned Ruby and its dependencies. You are more than welcome to do that on a virtual machine if you really want to. I'm saying that I trust the Ubuntu development process more than one-liner Ray.

Trusty's Ruby package gets security updates backported to it until April 2019. After then maybe I'll consider Ray's review worth listening to.


Looking for Ubuntu Wily Werewolf's icon/insignia/clipart

You can find a downloadable .svg file of the Werewolf Graphic here on the Ubuntu artwork page. There's a little orange download link just under the title of the image.


how to activate Java 8u51 plugin on Firefox?

Install Oracle java this way.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer


Ubuntu will not update from 13.04 to 13.10

So when you type sudo apt-get dist-upgrade you get nothing and no errors? Have you ensure you have done a sudo apt-get clean and sudo apt-get update before typing dist-upgrade?

Also you can do sudo do-release-upgrade which will check for new versions of Ubuntu.


Apport is the tool that Ubuntu uses to report such errors; think of it like Ubuntu's version of Windows' error reporting. Yes, it is perfectly legit. As far as the problem re-occuring -- maybe, maybe not. Hard to say really. It may simply have been a one-time incident.


After install Google Chrome in EC2 won't open from Ubuntu Server 14.04 LTS (HVM) command line

Connecting from Ubuntu and other Unix-like systems with X11-based GUIs
If I understand the situation correctly, you are connecting to a remote EC2 instance (perhaps a "cloud server"). You are probably using ssh.
Installing an X server on the EC2 instance won't help, because you need this application's graphical interface to appear on your end, not on the screen attached to the server. (There probably is no such screen, but even if there were, it wouldn't help you.)
Assuming the machine you're connecting from (i.e., the computer you're physically using) is running Ubuntu or some other operating system that uses the X window system for its GUI, you can use X11 forwarding (ssh -X).
Right now, you're probably connecting to the EC2 server with a command like:
ssh username@hostname

(Where hostname is either the domain name or IP address of the EC2 instance, or perhaps its "simple name" if you're connecting through a VPN.)
To forward X11, change this to:
ssh -X username@hostname

In my experience, remotely controlled GUI applications run via ssh -X often lag perceptibly. You may be able to improve performance by using the blowfish cipher:
ssh -c blowfish -X username@hostname

And unless your connection to the EC2 instance is extremely fast, you may be able to improve responsiveness further with data compression:
ssh -C -c blowfish -X username@hostname

(These can be used in any combination; for example, you could use ssh -C -X username@hostname if you wanted.)
If ssh -X doesn't work, it might be disabled on the server. In that case, open /etc/ssh/sshd_config on the server. Search for a line that says X11Forwarding no and change it to X11Forwarding yes. (If there is no such line, simply add X11Forwarding yes.)
Further reading: How to forward X over SSH from Ubuntu machine?
Connecting from Windows using PuTTY
If you are using PuTTY on Windows (which now appears to be the case, based on the screenshot you've uploaded), then this is still an SSH connection, but you're not using the ssh command so the above client-side syntax won't help you.
Instead, you'll have to:

Configure PuTTY to forward X11.
Install an run an X11 server on your Windows system.

(Note that while your Windows system is the SSH client and the EC2 instance is the SSH server, it's the other way around for X11: the SSH client runs the X server and the SSH server runs the X client.)
X11 Forwarding using Xming and PuTTY explains how to install the Xming X server on your Windows system and configure PuTTY to forward X11. In short:

Download Xming from its project page.
Install Xming and Xming-fonts (both are included in what you downloaded).
Run Xming.
Run PuTTY, find X11 (it's in the left panel, under SSH, which itself is under Connection). Click on X11.
Make sure the "Enable X11 forwarding" checkbox is checked, the contents of the textbox labeled "X display location" are localhost:0, and the option button under "Remote X11 authentication protocol" is set to MIT-Magic-Cookie-1.
Then connect with PuTTY to your EC2 instance, as normal.

Optionally (and not taken from that source):

If you want to use the blowfish cipher, click SSH on the left panel, select Blowfish in the "Encryption cipher selection policy" listbox, and click the Up button until it's at the top of the list. That's essentially the equivalent of -c blowfish if you were using the ssh command.
If you want to use compression, then also after clicking SSH on the left panel, make sure the "Enable compression" checkbox, under "Protocol options," is checked.

See also:

How to use X11 forwarding with putty
Nathan Osman's answer to How to run GUI applications remotely on a headless server?


I think what you want is 'ad-hoc'. You can create an ad-hoc network on one device, and connect to this network from the other device. I am assuming both devices have Ubuntu installed; you can follow this steps:

Click the network connections indicator in the upper right corner at your screen:

Choose Edit Connections... and click the Add button at the right in the window opened:

Then select Wi-Fi as the connection type, then press the button Create....

Then in the opened window, set the details as you wish, only thing you have to modify is the SSID, it is the name of the wireless network.

Make sure you selected the Mode as the Ad-hoc.

When you press save the connection will be saved and in a few seconds you should be able connect the other device to the network, too.


How can I give permission to a user be able to UNLOCK Users GUI to Create New Users when connected thru xRDP Sessions?

Creating /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/46-user-admin.pkla with the following content worked to me:

[user admin]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.gnome.controlcenter.user-accounts.administration
ResultAny=auth_admin_keep
ResultInactive=no
ResultActive=no


How do I turn around my object in blender?

Take a look at Blender -> File -> User preferences -> 3D View


How can I tell Gedit which syntax highlighting to apply?

Yes you can go to

View -> Highlight mode -> Select which one you need


According to rg3/youtube-dl from github, next release will have the
--keep-fragments option. The current release of youtube-dl is 2017.04.17.


GRUB available, but can't boot (end_request: I/O error)

Hi i have had the same problem, and this you can do is to make a recovery from the boot, and go to shell and type in:

linux64
grub-install
update-grub2

and then reboot, and it might work fine this way.


Partition table before installing Ubuntu in UEFI mode alongside Windows 10

You can visit at WindowsDualBoot to find help on dual boot Ubuntu.

The partition table will look like


Ubuntu 16.04 did not delete Vista.. why.?

Run gparted (Gnome Partition Editor).  You can get to it by typing the name in Ubuntu's Launch button's search menu.

Gparted is a graphic disk manager.  Look for the partition ntfs and choose the option from the menu to delete it.

The partitions that you see named as type ext4 and swap are partitions that are used by your Ubuntu installation.

Combining your question content and your references in the comments, you installed Ubuntu into Windows.  It appears you run the installation from Windows and install a wubi version of Ubuntu.  This is an image in your Windows.  Deleting Windows would also Delete your wubi installation.

You want to be able to take your data from Windows.  You can do all this if you perform a full install of Ubuntu.  You can do this by booting to the USB installation media and running the install from there.

To have access to your Windows partition, you might best use the Install Along Side Windows option.

When Ubuntu boots up you can user the file browser to copy your Windows files and documents over to Ubuntu.  After you are sure you have backed up all the data you want, then you can use gparted to remove the Window (ntfs) directory.  As mentioned in the comment, the etc4 and swap partitions are the ones that is being used by Ubuntu.


How to fix "unable to contact snap store" error while installing conjure-up

Try configuring the proxy settings with these commands:

# sudo snap set system proxy.http="http://<proxy_addr>:<proxy_port>"
# sudo snap set system proxy.https="http://<proxy_addr>:<proxy_port>"


How to make active window visually stand out more in Ubuntu 18.04 Gnome 3

Create gtk.css file in .config/gtk-3.0/ of your home dir and paste following code.
/* Need to be adjusted to your theme. I'm using Adwaita dark theme. */
@define-color backdrop_color #2d2d2d;
@define-color standout_color seagreen;
@define-color very_standout_color yellow;

/* border around windows */
decoration {
  border: 1px solid @very_standout_color;
  background: @very_standout_color;
}
decoration:backdrop {
  border: 1px solid @backdrop_color;
  background: @backdrop_color;
}

/* title/headerbar colors */
headerbar.titlebar {
  background: @standout_color;
}
headerbar.titlebar:backdrop {
  background: @backdrop_color;
}

It tries to:

add 1px border around windows
color titlebar/headerbar.

It's not excellent for all applications and windows but for me (gnome 3.38.2) it's enough to quickly distinguish active window. Even if some application's window do not color headerbar correctly, an accented border is visible.
Sometimes it is good to adjust an application's preferences to better highlight it. E.g. Firefox has titlebar disabled by default and without enabling it tab bar and address bar are always colored with accented color. I enabled titlebar and shrink titlebars according to this. In applications having themes it's usually better to set default/system theme.
Some changes require logout/in or reboot to take effect, so remember to do it after every change in the css file to see the results.


Error using eclipse oxygen windowbuilder on ubuntu 17.10

In this case, you can try to use GTK2 instead of GTK3 using the following way to start Eclipse: SWT_GTK3=0 ./eclipse

Source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46341108


How reinstall the default graphics drivers?

The solution is here: http://board.blackbuntu.com/printthread.php?tid=31

sudo apt-get purge nvidia-*
sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-video-intel libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg
sudo update-alternatives --remove gl_conf /usr/lib/nvidia-current/ld.so.conf

After that I did unity --reset and all is working fine again. Thanks to Micro :)


How to get permissions to execute programs from NTFS hard drive?

Follow these steps to make a NTFS partition executable:

Open a terminal and type sudo blkid -c /dev/null
This command allow you to identify your NTFS drive and your UUID number. Example:

/dev/sdb1: LABEL="my_label" UUID="xxx" TYPE="ntfs"

Open the /etc/fstab file from terminal typing sudo -H gedit /etc/fstab
Don’t edit the existing lines, but add new one at the end like this example:

UUID=xxx /media/my_label ntfs-3g defaults,auto,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=002 0 0

NOTE: Replace the UUID number and the mounting point /media/my_label according to your situation!
Save the file and close the text editor.
Enter the next command in the terminal: sudo mount -a
And restart Ubuntu. Done

Now, every time you mount your NTFS partition, you will be able to run executable files.


How can I find out if all my hard drives are mounted (Ubuntu Server)?

Once you physically install the drives in the system, and made sure that they are recognized by your computer's BIOS, boot the computer up, and see if Ubuntu can see the drives. To do that, open up the terminal,  just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo fdisk -l

Once you see the drives listed, go ahead and create your partitions from terminal using the fdisk command, Gparted, or Disk Utility.


Unable to Use External Hard Drive (NTFS Formatted)

Type this on a terminal:

gksu nautilus

¡¡¡WARNING!! be very cautious with this command its like super-god command.

It will open nautilus file manager, then go to the HDD and right click on the permissions tab and change the permissions; once done type:

exit

On the terminal and or close nautilus; remember to this please!.

This worked on a EXT4 drive for me.


Install the header files:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r) # or linux-headers-generic.

Since:

$ apt-cache show linux-source-3.13.0
Package: linux-source-3.13.0
...
Description-en: Linux kernel source for version 3.13.0 with Ubuntu patches
...
If you are simply trying to build third-party modules for your kernel,
you do not want this package. Install the appropriate linux-headers
package instead.


It depends on what sort of experience you are looking for. 16.04 is the current LTS release. However it has only been live for 3 weeks so it is pretty buggy, particularly if you are using a laptop.

If you want all the latest features and dont mind spending hours sorting out issues choose 16.04. If you just want an OS that works choose 14.04

Your hardware will run either just fine.


Help Installing propietary AMD Drivers on Ubuntu 18.04

I recently had the same problem. The answer is here (in Russian):

https://forum.ubuntu.ru/index.php?topic=311456.msg2424144#msg2424144

And the link with translation (ru->eng):

https://translate.google.fi/translate?hl=en&tab=TT&sl=ru&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fforum.ubuntu.ru%2Findex.php%3Ftopic%3D311456.msg2424144%23msg2424144

Shortly speaking, the user with the name Metal Militia is right. The latest LTS Ubuntu where you could use AMD Radeon HD 4000 series - Radeon HD 8000 series cards was Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, so there is no proprietary driver by AMD for your hardware


You can use squashfs to compress disk images and then mount them.

Create the disk image

If you haven't got a disk image yet use dd to create one:

dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/tmp/sda1.img bs=4M

Compress the image with squashfs

Install squashfs:

apt-get install squashfs-tools

Compress the image:

mksquashfs /tmp/sda1.img /tmp/sda1.squash.img

Or Stream the compression (don't need a temporary dd file)

mkdir empty-dir
mksquashfs empty-dir squash.img -p 'sda_backup.img f 444 root root dd if=/dev/sda bs=4M'

Compliments to terminator14 at UbuntuForums.org. Definitions/Explanations:

empty-dir - "source" dir. Basically in our case, just an empty dir to satisfy mksquashfs' input arg format
squash.img - the destination and filename of the output squashfs file
sda_backup.img - the name of the dd backup INSIDE the squashfs file
f - specifies that sda_backup.img is a regular file (as opposed to a directory, block device, or char device)
444 - permissions of the sda_backup.img file inside the squashfs image
root root - UID and GID for the sda_backup.img file inside the squashfs image. Can be specified by decimal numbers, or by name
dd if=/dev/sda bs=4M - the dd command used to read the device we want backed up

Mount the image

First mount the squashfs image:

mkdir /mnt/squash
mount /tmp/sda1.squash.img /mnt/squash

This will present the un-compressed disk image for you to mount:

mkdir /mnt/sda1
mount /mnt/squash/sda1.img /mnt/sda1

Or if it's a full drive image (partitioned) you could use losetup to attach the dd image to a loop device (possibly optional) and then kpartx -a or partprobe to find & separate the partitions to separate devices, or even vgscan / vgchange -ay if there's LVM.


window manager independent window resizing

What follows is a bash script, using both xdotool and xrandr that does the job. I will provide more details/new versions as it becomes possible/if people request it.

It does its job from the command line, and has to be configured on your window manager to start running when a certain key combination is pressed

first_monitor=`xrandr | grep connected | grep -v disconnected | egrep '[0-9]+x[0-9]++[0-9x+]*' -o | head -n 1`
#echo $first_monitor
number_monitors=`xrandr | grep connected | grep -v disconnected | egrep '[0-9]+x[0-9]++[0-9x+]*' -o | wc -l`
#echo $number_monitors

if [ $number_monitors -eq 2 ]
then
   second_monitor=`xrandr | grep connected | grep -v disconnected | egrep '[0-9]+x[0-9]++[0-9x+]*' -o | tail -n 1`
fi
if [ $number_monitors -ne 2 ]
then
   second_monitor='not there'
fi

size_first_monitor=`echo $first_monitor | awk 'BEGIN { FS="x" } { print $1 }'`
[ $second_monitor != 'not there' ] &&  size_second_monitor=`echo $second_monitor | awk 'BEGIN { FS="x" } { print $1 }'`

position_px=`xdotool getactivewindow getwindowgeometry | grep Position | awk '{print $2}' | awk 'BEGIN { FS="," } { print $1 }'`

position='outside'
(( $position_px < $size_first_monitor/2 )) && position='first_half_first_monitor'
(( $position_px >= $size_first_monitor/2 )) && (($position_px < $size_first_monitor)) && position='second_half_first_monitor'
if [ '$second_monitor' != 'not there' ]
 then
 (( $position_px >= $size_first_monitor )) && (($position_px < $size_first_monitor+($size_second_monitor/2) )) && position='first_half_second_monitor'
 (($position_px >= $size_first_monitor+($size_second_monitor/2)  )) && position='second_half_second_monitor'
fi

height_first_monitor=`echo $first_monitor | awk 'BEGIN { FS="+" } { print $1 }'|awk 'BEGIN { FS="x" } { print $2 }'`
height_second_monitor=`echo $second_monitor | awk 'BEGIN { FS="+" } { print $1 }'|awk 'BEGIN { FS="x" } { print $2 }'`
height_first_monitor=$(( $height_first_monitor - 20 ))
height_second_monitor=$(( $height_second_monitor - 20 ))

first_position="xdotool getactivewindow windowmove 0 0 windowsize $(( $size_first_monitor/2 )) $height_first_monitor"
second_position="xdotool getactivewindow windowmove $(( $size_first_monitor/2 )) 0  windowsize $(( $size_first_monitor/2 )) $height_first_monitor"
third_position="xdotool getactivewindow windowmove $size_first_monitor 0  windowsize $(( $size_second_monitor/2 )) $height_second_monitor"
fourth_position="xdotool getactivewindow windowmove $(( $size_first_monitor + $size_second_monitor/2 )) 0 windowsize $(( $size_second_monitor/2 )) $height_second_monitor"

if [ "$1" == 'right' ]
then
   [ "$position" == 'first_half_second_monitor' ] && [ $second_monitor != 'not there' ]&& $fourth_position
   [ "$position" == 'second_half_first_monitor' ] && [ $second_monitor != 'not there' ]&& $third_position
   [ "$position" == 'first_half_first_monitor' ] && $second_position
fi

size_window=`xdotool getactivewindow  getwindowgeometry | grep Geometry | awk '{print $2}' | awk 'BEGIN { FS="x" } { print $1 }'`
if [ "$1" == 'left' ]
then
   [ "$position" == 'first_half_first_monitor' ] && $first_position
   [ "$position" == 'second_half_first_monitor' ] && $first_position
   [ "$position" == 'first_half_second_monitor' ] && [ $size_window != $size_second_monitor ] && $second_position
   [ "$position" == 'first_half_second_monitor' ] && [ $size_window == $size_second_monitor ] && $third_position
   [ "$position" == 'second_half_second_monitor' ] && $third_position
fi

echo $size_window
echo $size_second_monitor

max_first_monitor="xdotool getactivewindow windowmove 0 0  windowsize $size_first_monitor $height_first_monitor"
max_second_monitor="xdotool getactivewindow windowmove $size_first_monitor 0  windowsize $size_second_monitor $height_second_monitor"
if [ "$1" == 'maximize' ]
then
   [ "$position" == 'first_half_first_monitor' ] && $max_first_monitor
   [ "$position" == 'second_half_first_monitor' ] && $max_first_monitor
   [ "$position" == 'first_half_second_monitor' ] && $max_second_monitor
   [ "$position" == 'second_half_second_monitor' ] && $max_second_monitor
fi


Ubuntu Phone (Aquaris 4.5) How to connect to a wifi network wich requires an account?

I know there is a bug opened here. Others seem to make it work here, mine does not connect this way.


Remove or hide desktop folder in ~ (Xubuntu)

There are two possible solutions (as far as I can tell):

Move the Desktop folder

Open the file ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs in a text editor
Change the line XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop" to point to some other location(for example: XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/.config/desktop")

Do not just remove the line:Doing so will make it use the default value ($HOME/Desktop) and you'll end up in the same situation that you are already in :-)

Save the file
Log out and back in

Disable the desktop entirely (advanced)

This is a more advanced method that will disable desktop management entirely (including desktop folder creation and display).

Launch a terminal (if you don't know how than this isn't for you)
Type in this command: xfconf-query --channel "xfce4-session" --property "/sessions/Failsafe/Client4_Command" --type string --set ""

Basically it tells the session manager (the thing that starts and monitors your desktop and window manager, panel, ...) to not start any desktop manager ("Client2") anymore

Log out and back in

If you wish to re-enable desktop management later on, do the same steps as above but use the command xfconf-query --channel "xfce4-session" --property "/sessions/Failsafe/Client4_Command" --type string --set "xfdesktop" instead.


Yes I am having this experience right now. I think it has something to do with lvm Pools. I think the pool needs to be shrunk. Apparently this is not a common problem. I am working with Xen.

Oh Im supposed to give an answer here. Shnap. Scholars say there is no way to shrink a... what ever. So, we cant shrink whatevers with whatever. So to solve the whatever, we must give it a negative charge by tazing it with electrons.

Basically, create a very large VG and delete it to create space. My problem in particular came because I installed too much software into a single VG and ran out of 'free space'.

Now that you have this large empty VG, you will notice that it is not taking up the space you designated and therefore you must create a huge faux-file.

Some people recommend using a command called fallocate. They say that is your best option for speed and accuracy. Fallocate, unlike other faux-file creators, actually allocates space.

But fallocate didnt work for me.

The next option is
dd if=/dev/rand of=/notporn.img bs=4k iflag=fullblock,count_bytes count=2000G

If you use if=/dev/zero then you run the chance of the machine compressing the 2 terabyte file into 2 megabytes... or less.


How to download and install fqrx-amcccle to Ubuntu 15.04?

You can edit your post to fix your mistake and, by the way, it's fglrx-amdcccle. Now that that's done, yes, it will work fine. fglrx-amdcccle and fglrx-amdcccle-updates are the same package, but the updates one will have more frequent updates. Also, fglrx-amdcccle is only the Catalyst Control Center, not the actual AMD driver. If you want that, you need to install fglrx or fglrx-updates.


Cannot set up dual monitors due to errors running amdcccle

OK, I hope you're sitting down...
So this is an issue I had with my HP laptop and an ATI graphics card.  Essentially, you need to remove your ATI driver and install the latest version from the ATI website.
THe following link is the best explanation of how to do this that I have found and helped me resolve my issue.
I will say, follow it to the letter, checking everything before each step as if you don't, you will be repeating this several times over and will go grey, and, possibly bald from tearing your hair out..
fix ATI driver installation
Hopefully, this will resolve your issue.


Looks like you are successfully booting with UEFI, at least the error message expecting a UEFI binary suggests that.

The only thing you need to do now is either:

properly configure custom GRUB entries (if you have EFI folders in the root of your Windows partitions you 2 should work if the proper values are supplied)
or install EFI loaders for each Windows installation to the ESP (see bcdboot command from my answer before, this should copy the .efi binaries to the ESP and generate a BCD configuration even if you booted with legacy booting, this can be difficult though as you have to mount the ESP in Windows) and rerun update-grub in Ubuntu. You should also be able to boot at least Windows 8 directly from the firmware settings when you run bcdboot again from a UEFI booted Windows (this will additionally create NVRAM entries).

Note that the Windows 7 version of bcdboot doesn't support the /f switch.

Simply speaking

If you booted Windows 8, mounted your EFI System Partition (short ESP, seems to be sda1) to E: and your Windows 7 partition to D:, then run:

bcdboot C:\Windows /s E: /f uefi
bcdboot D:\Windows /s E: /f uefi

Heads up though, both commands will write to the same location (\EFI\Microsoft, I guess) and may overwrite each other, so you may want to make copies (e.g. \EFI\Microsoft7 & \EFI\Microsoft8). Then boot Ubuntu and run sudo update-grub.


How to Transfer files from computer to cloud server using an intermediate server?

This is doable through an intermediate SSH server (OpenSSH 7.1 or greater)
rsync -acz -e "ssh -o "ProxyJump <user>@<desthost>" intermediate:/path/remote /path/local

Or alternatively if it doesn't you can try ProxyCommand
rsync -acz -e "ssh -o "ProxyCommand ssh <ssh opts>" intermediate:/path/remote /path/local

This can be simplified and tested by creating $HOME/.ssh/config entry..
Host intermediate
  ProxyCommand ssh <desthost>

Or:-

Host intermeiate
 ProxyJump <desthost>

Thus the much simpler command:-
rsync -azv intermediate:/path/remote  /path/local


Following the instructions in this answer, find the buttons that should be switched. If 11 and 3 need to be switched, you switch them in the sequence like this:
xinput set-button-map id# 1 2 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 12

If this works, you need to make it run automatically. As explained in this question, you can add the command to the end of ~/.profile (in your home directory) to make it run when you log in.


media keys no longer work in Ubuntu 17.10

I had a similar problem with the media keys (mute, play, pause) after installing the Unity interface on a clean 17.10 installation. The media keys worked fine in the login screen and on the Gnome interface desktop.

The post How to find *why* I can't bind some keyboard shortcut (or which app took it)? gave me an insight for a workaround. It seems to be some issue with compiz.

I installed Compiz Config Settings Manager

sudo apt install compizconfig-settings-manager
ccsm

and disabled the plugin Commands. After that the media keys seem to be working fine.


You've left not enough RAM for your host and probably it OOM'd and is paging whatever it can. With 512MB ram I'd recommend you trying if it would work out with 256MB to VM.


Since there are now two related posts on this I'm guessing it's a bug. A simple workaround would be to turn off repeated key presses.

  Click the icon at the very right of the top panel and select
  System
  Settings.
  In the Hardware section, click Keyboard.
  On the General tab, turn off Key presses repeat when key is held
  down to disable
  repeated keys entirely. Alternatively, adjust the Delay slider to
  control how long you have to hold a key down to begin repeating
  it,
  and adjust the Speed slider to control how quickly key presses
  repeat.

(via Official Ubuntu Help Documentation.)


1) Open a terminal (CTRL+ALT+T)

2) cd into the directory containing the Jar file

3) sudo chmod +x yourfile.jar (Replace filename)

4) java -jar yourfile.jar (Replace filename)


How to add blur effect to dock in Ubuntu 17.10 GNOME

There is a Shell extension called Blur My Shell where you can choose what parts of your shell you want to blur, and how blurry you want them!
Blur My Shell


"fatal error: fstream: No such file or directory: when uploading code to Arduino

I deleted all arduino files and reinstalled them and for some reason it worked. Probably i accidentally erased something in the first place.

Thanks anyways


This will take all .jpeg files in the directory and create an AVI video.

mencoder "mf://*.jpeg" -mf fps=20 -o out.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4v2:vbitrate=640

Detecting "duplicate" images adds some complication. The findimagedupes program may be an option.


Alternative package managers generally are good at delivering up-to-date packages across multiple OS platforms, but they are generally not as good as the default system package manager at avoiding conflicts with other packages. I have the node-express package from the Ubuntu Software Center installed in Ubuntu 14.04, and it seems to be working properly when running this single file hello_world code with the command: nodejs hello_world.js # then load http://localhost:3000/ in a web browser to see the output..

const express = require('express')
const app = express()

app.get('/', (req, res) => res.send('Hello World!'))

app.listen(3000, () => console.log('Example app listening on port 3000!'))

The version of node-express from the default repositories in Ubuntu 14.04 is 2.5.8. The version of node-express from the default repositories in Ubuntu 16.04 to Ubuntu 18.04 is 4.1.1. The current version of expressjs from the official Express website is 4.13.4 4.16.1. Express from the default repositories of the latest version of Ubuntu is almost as up-to-date as its latest version.


sorry for the delay in replying; so HP call this a

HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 3789 All-in-one

and it needs hplip 3.17.9 and Ubuntu 16.04 only has 3.16.3 so best delete the existing by paste this command into a terminal

sudo apt purge hplip

then download the new version of hplip  by going here https://developers.hp.com/hp-linux-imaging-and-printing/gethplip and click to download and SAVE what will be the 3.18.6 version and if you paste the commands below into the terminal

cd Downloads

sh hplip-3.18.6.run

.. that should install the new version and it should do the config for you; if it does not, do

hp-setup

from a terminal; please note there is no sudo in the install command


Chrome and Firefox not playing audio but system does

Check in pulseaudio, pavu or whatever you use for volume control if firefox or chrome are sending the audio to the proper device. Else, it could be a jack related problem if jackd is running for applications such as arduor or some synthesizer, you only need to kill it.


Windows 10 Boots Automatically After Installing Ubuntu

You need to change the boot order on your laptop.

The manual for your computer (HP Pavilion TS Sleekbook 15) says to follow these instructions:

Shut down the computer.
Press the ESC key and turn on your computer.
Press the F10 key to enter your BIOS Settings.
Navigate to System Configuration.
Navigate to Boot Option
Move the Ubuntu entry to the top of the list.


Automysqlbackup not working with 16.04 Xubuntu when mysql.user set plugin = 'mysql_native_password'

automysqlbackup is a script, you can take a look at the code.

If you have installed it, open it with

sudo nano /usr/sbin/automysqlbackup

Here you will find at ~ line 106 an options documa(e)ntation.

In Ubuntu 16.04/18.04 it reads the configuration from /etc/default/automysqlbackup if it exists. I don't think it takes any command-line arguments.

In my case, I had to set the USERNAME and PASSWORD variables in the /etc/default/automysqlbackup. I also had to change the DBNAMES line. I removed the --defaults-file parameter and added the --user=${USERNAME} --password=${PASSWORD}.


How can I enable second core of my Intel Atom in my Dell mini 910?

Dual core processor are well supported. That tutorial is for old (very old) ubuntu.

To confirm you can run cat /proc/cpuinfo to get the cpu information.

also you can see how ubuntu is using processor cores by running system-monitor (gnome-system-monitor)

If you feel your ubuntu is running slow. There are some distros that can help you work flawlessly.

Lubuntu & Xubuntu both based on ubuntu but less resource hungry.


How can I use following password-prompting dialog from shell? (GNOME)

I know this post is nearly 6 months old but nobody has suggested using the yad (yet another dialogue) tool. This is how it looks:

The full command is:
password="$(yad --center --width=300 --image=keys.png --entry --hide-text --button=gtk-ok:0 --button=gtk-cancel:1 --title="Authentication required" --text="Enter password:")"

The password is not displayed on the screen as it is entered (the "--hide-text" does that). The buttons are the standard gtk "OK" and "Cancel" ones. In this example the password that was entered can be accessed from the variable $password, e.g.
echo $password

If the cancel button is pressed the return code ($?) from yad is 1 (from --button=gtk-cancel:1) and the return code is 0 when the OK button is pressed (from --button=gtk-ok:0).
yad can be intalled in later Ubuntu versions from the Software Centre, 16.04 requires installation using:
sudo apt install yad

The home page for yad is here:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/yad-dialog/
Other examples showing how to use yad can be found here:
https://sourceforge.net/p/yad-dialog/wiki/browse_pages/


Just copy these 3 files into /etc/openvpn/ folder (remember to use sudo cp), then:

sudo /etc/init.d/openvpn start client.conf

where client.conf  is your .conf file name.

To stop the current openvpn:

sudo /etc/init.d/openvpn stop


For database operation in kubernetes you'll need a statefullset
example setup with mysql described by kubernetes project here : https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application/run-replicated-stateful-application/
there is also a cloud native graduated project which might be interesting : https://vitess.io/
having DBs in a kubernetes cluster (with HA etc) is pretty complicated and having your DB out of kubernetes might also be an idea : https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/databases/to-run-or-not-to-run-a-database-on-kubernetes-what-to-consider


Missing & Failed Folder At/and After Installation

The maximum size of a FAT32 volume was once 32 Gigs, but can be higher depending on the formatting tool. 150GB is probably beyond the limits. You may wish to consider NTFS for your shared partition, since Ubuntu can reliable read and write NTFS in the last several releases.

To help locate your shared partition, please post the output of fdisk -l /dev/sda


How to reset Shotwell to its original state

The best thing to do is to rename the .shotwell folder in your home folder, as that contains all the thumbnails and library information. Simply rename the current .shotwell to .shotwell.backup and then load up shotwell. It will regenerate a new .shotwell folder and you will be able to start again, and you will also still have the old dot folder if there is anything in there that you want. (Make sure you click the option to enable hidden files in your file browser).

The reason why uninstalling a program and then installing it again sometimes doesn't clear up any problems properly is because the dot files of that program in your home folder are not removed. Therefore the new installation will still be using those files; purging a program only removes configuration files in the system folders.

Note: From Shotwell 0.13 (the default version in Ubuntu 12.10), the photo database file is in ~/.local/share/shotwell/data and the actual photo thumbnails are in ~/.cache/shotwell.


Cannot boot system due to start job running for hold

You can fix this in following way, it worked for me.
FYI : I had upgraded from 14.04 to 16.04.

Go in your safe mode by hitting SHIFT key or ESC.
select networking , then drop to root prompt. Then run following commands.

sudo apt-get remove plymouth
sudo apt-get remove xserver-xorg-video-intel

Now, reboot,

When you reboot, still you may get black or purple screen,

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 and login with your username and password.

Then run following commands.

GDM ie Gnome display manager was also causing problems for me, so following step was essential for me

I switched to lightdm from gdm3  as display manager.

sudo apt-get install lightdm
sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

When you are prompted, select default display manager as lightdm

Now I was back with desktop , without dash or unity but only icons and wallpaper.
now run this.

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

Now, reboot after this.

The desktop is back!

now, you can install intel graphic drivers again,

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-intel

Reboot now.
Its done!