This answer is rather late, but it may help someone else.

I suspect the problem is due to you having the RAID enabled at the time of the install. With most fake RAID controllers (almost certainly the sort that you have on your board) the RAID BIOS routines will create a special on-disk format. If the disk is then connected with the RAID switched off, then the regular system will not be able to read anything that is on that disk.

Check if with RAID OFF either disk will boot. If not, the way to proceed is to ensure that RAID is off in your BIOS, then wipe each disk and re-install the OS you want to
each of the two drives (if one disk boots then it does not need to be reinstalled).

Check that each disk will boot as the sole (and usually first) disk in the system.

Then ensure that you are booting from the first disk with Ubuntu installed. You can then add the Win disk as the second drive and add its stanza to Ubuntu grub, either manually or using boot-repair.

The only time you need to have RAID on is with multiple hard drives of the same size for striping or for data redundancy. NEVER turn it on with two disks of different sizes or types (unless you know exactly why you are doing so, of course!). And as a last point, if you do need RAID,  most people will find that Linux software RAID is better than all fake-RAID (and often hardware RAID that costs less than $350 and does not have dedicated memory)...


Why doesn't the Ubuntu installer notice my existing Ubuntu installation?

I have had success in the past by reformatting using gparted and wiping the entire drive and then doing a fresh install of Ubuntu after that. You can make a live USB here. After you have wiped the entire drive just do a fresh install of Ubuntu.

You can also just select use the entire drive on Ubuntu when installing.


Installing several different flavours of Ubuntu 20.04

Yes you can install multiple desktops on a base system.
The system I'm replying to you on is originally a artful (17.10) Ubuntu desktop install, on which I added lubuntu-desktop, xubuntu-desktop & ubuntu-mate-desktop. It's been upgraded every six months (I don't remain on LTS or long-term-support releases).
I have since removed ubuntu-mate-desktop (because of disk space issues; I used it least).
Take note:

On adding the second desktop I would not expect any issues.
On adding the third desktop there is a minor chance of issues.
On adding the fourth desktop there is a substantial risk of issues.
On adding the fifth desktop, issues are to be expected.

I installed my 4 (GNOME, XFCE, LXDE [now LXQt] & MATE) many times in different orders before I calculated the best order without issues, then formatted the system and installed them for real (and it's still running now, where I'm replying from).
I also wanted KDE (or kubuntu-desktop) but decided that was too much, the problems got annoying.
It's not just the desktops, but also the order they are added.
The above is from my experience, as a multiple-desktop user for over a decade on Ubuntu (longer on Debian).


Install Windows, which will occupy the first 2 primary partitions, use its Disk Management tool to reduce Windows partition as desired, and create a "Recovery Disk" under Windows.
Boot your computer from live Ubuntu disk, start GParted, delete the "System Reserved" partition and grow the Windows to the right, to take up the empty space left by the "System Reserved" partition.
Restart your computer and if Windows fails to boot, repair using the Windows Recovery Disk. (NB: I tested this successfully with Windows 7 only.)
Boot your computer from live Ubuntu disk again, start GParted, create 2 primary partitions for Chrome OS, and then create a 4th Extended Partition, which may contain, for example, a partition for Ubuntu /root, a partition for /home and a swap partition.


You're not telling the version of ClamTK, but assuming you are on a late version of Ubuntu (e.g. Saucy/13.10), the version provided in Ubuntu Software centre (or Synaptic) should be v4.41 or something like that. (Note that ClamTK GUI app has a versioning separated from the core clam deamon/clamscan, which is on version 0.98 something.)

First of all, I would recommend downloading and installing the latest ClamTK version (currently v5.05) from http://code.google.com/p/clamtk/ (choose the Debian .deb package and allow Gdebi or Ubuntu software centre to install, either will probably start when you choose to open the file). The GUI of version 5 is much richer than of the v4 series.

When opening ClamTK GUI, you should select "Update Assistant" and choose "I would like to update signatures myself" (unless you have manually set up a cron job or similar). Ubuntu does not automatically update the clam AV signatures (as far as I know...not happened on any of my systems).

After having selected the manual option above, go back to the home screen of ClamTK, then select "Scheduler". You will now get another window allowing you to set a time of the day for your computer to check/update signatures (virus definitions). The same window will also allow you to schedule a daily scan of your home directory.

Finally, you should go back to the home screen of ClamTK and click "Settings". In this window, you should also tick (enable) the option "Check for updates to this program". (Unless you realise a performance issue, you should tick all options in order to stay as safe as possible.)

Hope this was helpful!
:-) alfs


How do I disable network printer discovery in Ubuntu 17.10?

You need to disable Bonjour on your printer.

Assuming the web interface for the HP 8500 is similar to the HP 8740, do the following:

In your web browser, go to your printer's setting page.

https://nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn/

Replace nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn with the IP address of your printer.
(For local addresses, it is always a good idea to put the "/" at the end of the address).

If you get a warning, "Your connection is not private", then click "Advanced" and select the "Proceed to ..." link.  (This is for Chrome, so the message on other web browsers may differ slightly).

You will be taken to the printer's web configuration page.
Click on Network
Click + Advanced Settings to expand it
Click Bonjour
Select the Disable Bonjour radio button
Click the Apply button
The duplicate network detected printer should disappear from your Ubuntu system.  If you manually setup the printer (using hplip), that version of the printer will still be available on your system.


You can press Super+S to show all workspaces at once.


Dependency is not satisfiable: libtiff4 when trying to install Lightworks on Ubuntu 14.04

Lightworks 11.5.1 is only compatible with Ubuntu 13.10, see the following specs:

http://www.lwks.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=118&tmpl=component

14.04 provides libtiff5 but not libtiff4 (up to saucy 13.10).

To install the 13.10 amd64 version, go to the download page and select  libtiff4_3.9.7-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb.

Now open a Terminal with Ctrl+Alt+t and type in the folder where you downloaded the deb file:

sudo dpkg -i ./libtiff4_3.9.7-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb

Then try again to open lwks-11.5.1-amd64.deb with the Software Center to continue the installation.


Can't install Ubuntu on dell inspiron 5423 ultrabook

It seems Ubuntu sees the small SSD and big HDD set in RAID and cannot install Ubuntu side by side without disabling the RAID. See Only 'sdb' shows up when installing 12.04 on a new Dell inspiron 14z.

I am not sure why WUBI install didn't work at first. Changing the NTFS partition to ext4 was a mistake. WUBI install does not use the partition directly but uses a large file inside a Windows partition (NTFS). This is why one can use WUBI install without making any new partition. The installation will put the big file in C: by default. Since Windows cannot read/write ext4 (or any other Linux partition) WUBI cannot use these types of partitions. Remember WUBI installations is done from within Windows.

Suggestion:

First, Boot Windows and uninstall WUBI installation using Windows Uninstall feature.

Boot from USB stick and select "Try Ubuntu"
Open a terminal by pressing
Ctrl+Alt+T and enter sudo dmraid
-E -r /dev/sda.
Using Gparted delete the ext4 partition you had created before. Default side-by-side Ubuntu install should create all the partitions it needs on its own.
Start the Install Ubuntu process as before.

Once the RAID is removed you should get the "alongside" option. However, you may choose "something else" and use the small SSD for the / partition and the the HDD for /home and swap. See Is it safe to install the / partition on an SSD?


What's the significance of "-0ubuntu1" at the end of a package version string?

Packages are versioned in a pattern like <upstream version>-<debian revision>. In this case, the upstream version is 2011.2~bzr663 & the debian revision is 0ubuntu1.

Normally in Debian, the revisions are just numbers such, but for Ubuntu, the ubuntu1 following the revision indicates that there are source changes to that Debian revision.
0ubuntu1 is a special case, as it's used as a revision that indicates that it's not based on any Debian package of that upstream version (since there wouldn't be a debian revision 0).

This is common when the Ubuntu package has been upgraded to a new upstream version ahead of Debian.


So this worked for me:

sudo -i
cd /etc/X11
touch xorg.conf
nano xorg.conf

then in the simple nano editor, write (or just paste) this:

Section "Device"
        Identifier      "Configured Video Device"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
        Identifier      "Configured Monitor"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
        Identifier      "Default Screen"
        Monitor         "Configured Monitor"
        Device          "Configured Video Device"

    SubSection "Display"

      Modes "1280x800"

    EndSubSection

EndSection

then save the file using Ctrl+O, then quit Ctrl+x;


GNOME: supend on laptop lid close no longer works since 19.10 upgrade

Per investigations at the end of the question, the issue appears to be caused by GDM running a redundant gsd-power process.  This can simply be killed as soon as you log in.  Here's how I've done it:

Create a kill script as follows:

script=~/bin/kill_gdm_gsd-power.sh
cat > $script << EOF
#!/bin/sh
sudo pkill -u gdm gsd-power
EOF
chmod 755 $script

Your account will need to be allowed to run sudo pkill without a password prompt (make sure you're comfortable with this).  Run sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/NOPASSWD and enter the following

Cmnd_Alias PKILL = /usr/bin/pkill
user ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: PKILL

(replace user above with your own user id)
Open the GNOME startup apps applet (gnome-session-properties) and add an entry with your script, so it runs as soon as you log on.

Ideally we'd find a way to prevent gsd-power from starting up altogether but I found this non-trivial...  Please chip in if you find a better way.

A slightly cleaner solution might be to cook a custom handle-lid-switch script per this solution but the script would primarily have to be installed for the gdm user and this may also not be trivial...

There might be some side-effects to killing gdm's gsd-power process, eg: if you log out and leave the laptop to the GDM greeting screen but I think this isn't a scenario many of us will run into.


Find location for the icon for software updater

So I went to the directory /usr/share/applications/ with Nautilus. There I searched for a filename containing "update", and found the file update-manager.desktop.
This file contains this line within:
Icon=system-software-update

I expect that if you stick this line into your custom desktop launcher, it will result in the same icon shown as in the original.

Nevertheless, one can search /usr/share/icons/ for filenames containing this string, which returns a bunch of updater icons.
Mind you, not all of these results are real graphics files in there, some of them are just symlinks referencing a smaller number of real graphics files; but you can find your way among them by inspecting their file properties through the right-click context-menu.
Bonus: this answer suggests further locations in the filesystem (both in the / and /home/ partitions) that may contain icons.

I guess at this point one could narrow down one's search for just the icon set that the system is currently using.
On a stock Ubuntu 20.04, the standard settings app's "Appearance" tab does not show the name of (or allow altering) the icon set.
The gnome-tweaks app however, on its "Appearance" tab shows the name of (and allows changing) the icon set used on the desktop.
Knowing the name of the used icon set allows for narrowing the search down to its corresponding directory.


shortcut "calc" meant to open calculator always open libreoffice ( first position in search )

You need to modify the related .desktop file for LibreOffice Calc and change the application's "name" to something else.
Some hints on this process may be found here.


Remove All Windows, and reallocate space to Ubuntu Install

Backup Backup Backup

Backup all your data, documents, songs, pictures, videos, etc. etc. What you are trying to do is dangerous. Make two backups. Test them to make sure you can restore from them.

Don't backup in the internal hard drive. Backup in an external storage media.

Boot from Live USB/DVD

As we are going to change the Ubuntu system partition, we cannot use the Ubuntu that is already installed. We need a Live USB/DVD. Either a Live USB or a DVD will work. I will just call it a Live USB here.

Boot from a Live USB version of Ubuntu. Use the Try Ubuntu without installing option.

Use the application called Gparted in the Live USB.
Make sure the correct hard drive is selected.
Delete the partition /dev/sda2 above. Note that it may be called
something else when you use the Live USB.
Apply the Changes (Nothing happens until you Apply)
Now Windows is gone for ever, so is all the documents, music etc.
you saved in Windows.
Highlight the Extended Partition 4 in the above picture. This
may be called /dev/sda4. Note, inside this extended partition, there are two logical partitions. /dev/sda5 and /dev/sda6. Our final goal is to increase the size of /dev/sda5. But to that we need to make room for it in /dev/sda4.
Expand the /dev/sda4 to the left to take up all the empty space
created by deleting /dev/sda2.
Apply the Changes.
Highlight /dev/sda5.
Expand the /dev/sda5 to the left to take up all the empty space
created inside /dev/sda4.
Apply the Changes.

You are done. Exit Gparted. Shutdown the Live USB. Unplug the USB. Turn the PC back on. If all goes well, you should boot Ubuntu.

You may still see the Grub menu that gives you the option to boot Windows, but that option will not work anymore.

Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T in Ubuntu and enter:

sudo update-grub

This should get rid of the Windows option.

You may still see the Grub menu at the boot time. You can hide the Grub menu by a small edit to Grub.

In the same terminal use the following commands:

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub

Find the line:

GRUB_TIMEOUT=10

and change it to:

GRUB_TIMEOUT=0

Then save the file and exit gparted.

Finally in the same terminal: enter

sudo update-grub

again to make the edit you just made take effect.

This last part is from Skip boot menu at Ubuntu startup

Hope this helps


Random cc1 processes make my Ubuntu freeze

This may be due to new kernels being installed on a security update and you have some drivers being built in the background by DKMS.  Can you run ps to identify any of the names of the source files being compiled?

Alternatively, install forkstat and run that to see new processes activity:

sudo apt install forkstat
sudo forkstat -d


I have had a lot of problems getting flash to work on an older machine.

I am using 12.04, but I have had to install version 10,3,183,90 to get my flash working correctly.


sudo: /usr/sbin/mkfs.ext4: command not found

The command is located in /sbin, not /usr/sbin:

$ which mkfs.ext4
/sbin/mkfs.ext4


sphinx-build cannot generate epub output

Sphinx 0.6.6 doesn't have epub support. It was added on version 1.0. You might want to check the changelog for more details.


How can I change where Steam installs games?

When you click on a game to install it on the first window that pops up there will be a drop down menu. On here you have a choice to install on the default directory or to create a new library.

When you choose to install in a new directory you will get a choice of where to install.

I hope this helps.


Problem with losing internet connection in 13.10

May be your lan card is not supporting 100 base connection.

first run this command in your terminal sudo mii-tool type password.

eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD flow-control, link ok

You set your eth0 on 10base. Run this command in terminal

sudo mii-tool -F 10baseT-HD

Note :- (This command will set your lan connection 10base) After that your connection will be lost.


How do I open Windows shortcuts? (.lnk files)

By default, programs in Windows are installed to one of these two locations:

C:\Program Files
C:\Program Files (x86)

(The second one will only exist if you have a 64-bit installation.)

On Ubuntu, these paths translate to:

WindowsDriveName >> /Program Files
WindowsDriveName >> /Program Files (x86)

You'll be able to find your programs in either of these folders.

Keep in mind: Many Windows programs can only be run in the environment where they were installed. That means that opening a program in Ubuntu that's been installed in Windows may not work correctly, if at all.

The best thing to do is just to use Wine to run the setup program for the app you want, so that it has its own environment in Ubuntu.


I canceled Ubuntu installation and got back to Ubuntu desktop window?

You are in Ubuntu live desktop. After quitting the installation, kindly reboot the device to return to windows.


Black screen with white lines at the top

My problem was fixed when loading it from CSM boot rather than UEFI boot. I don’t know why it worked, but after one or two error messages it began the Ubuntu installation


How can I put a shortcut to nautilus with root privileges in the launcher (ubuntu 12.10)?

You can make a new menu entry with tools like alacarte (or manually write the .desktop file and place it in your ~/.local/share/applications folder) that runs "gksudo nautilus". gksudo should present you with a graphical password entry box. After you added this to your menu, you can just drag and drop it on the launcher.


Is there a way to check if specific hardware is supported under the kernel?

There is the website http://linuxhcl.com hardware compatibility list, and if you search for "linux hcl" you will find other sites that keep other lists. The information on these sites isn't always the most up to date, but they are supported by the community. Don't forget to submit the information of your hardware and help make them better.


Bluetooth doesn't work on laptop with ubuntu 16

Some Atheros wireless cards do not have the bluetooth option.  If you can access the card by removing a panel on the bottom, the model number will tell you if it has bluetooth or not

The picture shows a model Atheros AR5B195 and this model has bluetooth, if your card shows AR5B95 then it will not have bluetooth.  The picture shows both a MAC ID for wireless and BD ID for bluetooth.  I have an Azurewave AR5B195 and the sticker is on the back side of the card


libpam systemd - installation error ubuntu 14.04 unable to install updates

I've just encountered this problem when trying to make my own custom Ubuntu 14.04 distribution in a fakechroot, and I came up with a solution which seems to work. In the (admittedly dated) Ubuntu Live CD Customization guide, there is a bug involving initctl mentioned. I used the same approach to prevent invoke-rc.d from running, which the configuration of libpam-systemd uses. invoke-rc.d is a utility for starting and stopping initd scripts, which don't need to be running in the chroot:

dpkg-divert --rename --add /usr/sbin/invoke-rc.d
ln -s /bin/true /usr/sbin/invoke-rc.d
#Run apt-get, dpkg etc...
rm /usr/sbin/invoke-rc.d
dpkg-divert --rename --remove /usr/sbin/invoke-rc.d

With the diversion in place, invoke-rc.d always returns success and doesn't do anything, which is exactly the desired behaviour inside a chroot.


I think is is a problem with BlueZ and Bluetooth 4.0 low power devices.

This past week I tried the Microsoft Arc Touch mouse which is Bluetooth 4.0
and although it would pair its type showed up as Unknown and obviously was not useable as a mouse.

I then bought & tried the Lenovo N700 which again is Bluetooth 4.0 and same problem as the Microsoft Mouse.

Note an older Bluetooth 2.0 mouse still works just fine.

There have been several bugs filed about the need to get Bluez v5.x into the Ubuntu repositories as from what I could find... Bluez 5.x has support for the low energy Bluetooth 4.0 devices.


Remove Windows Vista Partition So Ubuntu Fills Entire Hard Drive?

First, you should be aware that whenever doing dynamic partition resizing, there is a small chance of data loss. So you should make sure that all your documents and any other important files (e.g., music, videos, ebooks) are backed up first. And of course, you should make sure to copy/move any documents and other important files out of your Windows partition, too, as they will be lost when you remove that partition.

It is not safe to edit a physical disk's partition table from within an operating system that is running from a partition on that same physical disk. So rather than removing the Windows partition while booted into the installed Ubuntu system, you should boot from the Ubuntu live CD. Select Try Ubuntu rather than Install Ubuntu.

Then run the GParted Partition Editor (search for gparted in the dash and click the search result to run it). Remove your Windows partition (its partition type is NTFS). Then expand your Ubuntu partition to fill up the remaining space on the drive. If there is an extended partition (which is a kind of container for other partitions, to allow you to have more than four partitions on a disk with a traditional "msdos" partition table) and the Windows partition was outside of it, then you may need to expand the extended partition in order to expand the Ubuntu partition within it.

Apply your changes in GParted and reboot the system. You're unable to boot back into the Ubuntu system installed on the hard drive, then reinstall the GRUB2 boot loader to the Master Boot Record by using any of the techniques detailed here.


I think what is wrong is that Ubuntu 10.10 is a "end-of-life" release at this point, which means it is no longer supported. The servers handling the software packages for Ubuntu 10.10 have been shut down, so you can not install new software from the Software Center.

My best advise is to update your system with a fresh install of Ubuntu, either 12.04 (Long Term Support) or 13.10 (the current release).


Does Ubuntu 18.04 supports wireless multifunctional keybord such as Logitech k400?

Newer versions of Ubuntu have better track/touchpad support.  As Ubuntu is available as 'LiveCD', you can try out a newer version of Ubuntu without affecting your current system, and test the functionality of your mouse, keyboard, and other devices before upgrading.  To be clear, you won't use the LiveCD to update, just to see what you can expect.
Once you see 18.04 (or whichever version) working, you can use do-dist-upgrade to upgrade your system.  Using this, and looking up information/issues for each upgrade, you will move from one release (ideally, LTS only) to the next, until you get to the latest version.  In your situation, you'll go from 12.04 to 14.04 to 16.04 and finally to 18.04.  It's always a good idea to see if Ubuntu has any notes for the specific jumps/upgrades.  Normally, there should be no concerns, but sometimes there are additional details or steps.
Have you looked into Solaar?

Solaar will detect all devices paired with your Unifying Receiver, and at the very least display some basic information about them.
For some devices, extra settings (usually not available through the standard Linux system configuration) are supported. For a full list of supported devices and their features, see devices. I see k400 listed.

Note: I have a Logitech (Bluetooth) keyboard with a trackpad that has been working since (I believe) 16.04, and works in 18.04.  Please try 18.04 using 'LiveCD' and update your question with any specific issues you come across with your specific keyboard.


thats your command man this will unzip all zip file in a destination file

find /path-to-folder -name '*.zip' -exec unzip -d destination_folder {} +

Just try it .


Often when the error:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:

  a-package: Depends: other-package (= version-in-release) but version-in-updates is to
             be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

occurs with a package requiring a version of another package from the -release archive (the Ubuntu repositories frozen at the time an Ubuntu version is released), but it says it wants to install a version from the -updates archive, it usually means that the version from -updates is already installed.

This can be verified by running apt-cache policy other-package and checking which repository provided the package. In this case:

libsqlite3-0:
Installed: 3.7.9-2ubuntu1.1
Candidate: 3.7.9-2ubuntu1.1

Version table:
  *** 3.7.9-2ubuntu1.1 0
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
      3.7.9-2ubuntu1 0
        500 archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise/main i386 Packages

We see that 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status is the only line for the installed package, showing that it is manually installed. This can happen either when the -updates repository is disabled, or occasionally when some mirrors go out of date.

The -updates repository can be enabled again by running software-properties-gtk, verifying that on the Updates tab that Recommended Updates is checked, and then running sudo apt-get update.


Ethernet problem after upgrading to 13.04 wired connection

I was having this issue as well as an hdmi audio issue, but upgrading my kernel to version 3.9 fixed both of them.


Since the 3.x version, Apache Hadoop requires using Java 8 or newer. You need just to update Java and try again.


Try this:

sudo update-alternatives --config x-cursor-theme

Pick the theme you want using a number, then reboot (not logout)


Ok, here is my answer, so you can accept it and we both gain some points.

You have to install the m4 package.

Use the Ubuntu Package Manager or in terminal print sudo apt-get install m4


Google chrome removal after deleting /opt/google

It is a wrong way to manually remove any files or folders installed by dpkg.

The solution is to re-install google-chrome via a deb package.

Download deb file from google.com, then install it using

sudo dpkg -i <file_name>

then remove it

sudo apt-get purge google-chrome*


IS it possible to upgrade from 12.10 to 14.04 LTS version

No, unless yo upgrade to 13.04, then to 13.10 and finally to 14.04. But it's likely going to cause some trouble. A reinstall is probably way faster.

You can only upgrade from one version to the next one or from LTS to LTS.


How to display CLI display manager after remotely stopping Lightdm?

Solution is command
sudo systemctl restart getty@tty0


is there any possibility to make call using genymotion . if yes how?

No it is not possible to make calls from any virtual machine. Basically genymotion will provide a virtual device in which you can run android emulator for debugging android apk files. so, it not possible to make a call from genymotion.


howto to build nemo extension nemo-seahorse version 4.4.0 without libgnome-keyring-dev

You can save time by using binary pre-compiled packages from
“Wasta-Linux” team's Cinnamon-Testing PPA:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wasta-linux/cinnamon-testing
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nemo-seahorse

Then restart Nemo by nemo -q.

Notes:

the above PPA has many packages from/for Cinnamon as it shipped in Wasta Linux, so you can install fully-featured Cinnamon desktop on your Ubuntu 20.04 LTS system.
to revert to default versions you have to remove the PPA use ppa-purge - sudo apt-get install ppa-purge; sudo ppa-purge ppa:wasta-linux/cinnamon-testing .


Expo shortcut s doesn't work in classic desktop

I feel your pain. As a workaround I just mapped it to <Super> <Alt> s and soon enough my fingers got used to it.


How to I fix software center after installing the Linux Mint MATE desktop?

I had the same problem with Software Center and some other apps. However, you don't need to do a reinstall though that's probably advice too late. Here's why it doesn't work:

lsb_release -a

prints:

Distributor ID: LinuxMint
Description: Linux Mint 12 Fluxbox
Release: 12
Codename: lisa

and that can be corrected to keep Mint-Mate by doing this:

gksu gedit /etc/*release

and change everything in the file gedit brings up to:

DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=11.10
DISTRIB_CODENAME=Oneric
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 11.10"

Then run:

gksu gedit /etc/*issue

and change to:

Ubuntu 11.10 \n \l

Worked great for me though Mate seems a bit rough around the edges but as I am purely testing Oneric in VBox it's no matter


According to the systemd documentation, its PATH is set on compilation (see section "Command lines"):

  If the command is not a full (absolute) path, it will be resolved to a full path using a fixed search path determinted at compilation time. Searched directories include /usr/local/bin/, /usr/bin/, /bin/ on systems using split /usr/bin/ and /bin/ directories, and their sbin/ counterparts on systems using split bin/ and sbin/. It is thus safe to use just the executable name in case of executables located in any of the "standard" directories, and an absolute path must be used in other cases. Using an absolute path is recommended to avoid ambiguity. Hint: this search path may be queried using systemd-path search-binaries-default.

The command to query the path on my Ubuntu 18.04 was sudo systemd-path search-binaries (on Arch, it was systemd-path search-binaries-default):

$ sudo systemd-path search-binaries
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin

So, you have the following options:

The good: Edit the unit file so that it uses absolute paths. Assuming you have access to it, this is by far the best solution. It makes the file conform to the specification, it allows you to copy it to other machines, it even silences the warning messages.

The bad: Recompile systemd from source, and change the path. This is time consuming, complicated and an all around bad idea unless you really know what you're doing. Even if you do, this seems like a bad solution. You're not going to be able to recompile systemd every time you setup a new machine.

The ugly: If you really can't fix the unit file, you can always create a symlink in /usr/bin pointing to docker

sudo ln -s /snap/bin/docker /usr/bin/docker


I am currently using the same version of Ubuntu (16.04). I did a simple search in the repository and came with this result:

$ apt search wxmaxima
Sorting... Done
Full Text Search... Done
wxmaxima/xenial 15.08.2-1 amd64
  GUI for the computer algebra system Maxima

This means you should be able to install this package with the  following command:

$ sudo apt install wxmaxima

In case you get any error, update your question with it.

For the second question, logically all the servers are supposed to be same as the main one. Yet, there can be a bit difference because of delay in updating and synchronizing between these servers and the main one. For more detailed answer you may check this answer.


Lubuntu 13.04 freezes when starting firefox

Installing nvidia-current instead of nouveau solved the issue for me.


Still not sure how to fix this correctly, but rebooting seems to reload dconf. If someone has an actual answer I will accept that instead, but the simple fix seems to be: reboot the machine


How to show installed applications when opening Unity

Sorry, i am not yet allowed to comment. When you say you're a new user to ubuntu I would suspect that you have used windows before. I understand your question that you are missing the ordered list of all applications on the computer as e.g. in windows start menus.
I am using unity desktop and I am missing that too. I am not very happy to search every time I want to open a tool and never did use that feature on windows either. So I just put all Icons I regulary use either in the dock or put it on the desktop with works find. The only list of all application in the GUI is in the software / installed. But I do not find it very useful once there a more programs installed.

Maybe you should have a look at the other desktops provided by ubunut. For example I have been using the Xubunut desktop on two PCs. There is a start menu like thing. What I even like better is the right button context menu on the desktop. I can open a terminal where ever I point to and I can access a structured list with all applications installed (additionally to the start desktop). Its a little bit less stylish than unity, but not a lot. It has not doc, though.
I do not know the other variants, but I am sure its worth to take a look. You can install them all in parallel an switch the from the log in window. Just uninstall those which you do not like.


$_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_DIGEST'] empty with mod_auth_digest enabled

In your Apache configuration, you've not enabled Digest authentication. Try uncommenting the relevant lines and restart Apache through sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart:

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerName sam
        DocumentRoot /var/www/sam/public/
        ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/sam-error.log

        SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV "development"

        <Directory /var/www/sam/public>
                DirectoryIndex index.php
                AllowOverride All
                Order allow,deny
                Allow from all
                AuthType Digest
                AuthName "api"
        </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

If this did not work or gives a server error, check the error log in /var/log/apache2/access.log.

If you implement Digest authentication, you may want to check the digest authentication example on php.net. A description of all $_SERVER variables can be found here.


unable to find package 'postgresql-12-citus-9.1'

Citus does only support LTS versions (16.04 & 18.04) of Ubuntu currently. Also, as @Daniel Vérité  said, 19.04 has reached its EOL.


What's mean "identical to -e" when I use this command: ps -A?

It simply means that the command can be either typed as ps -A or ps -e and will produce the same result.


Normal RAM usage of the Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Server Version)?

my question is how much RAM a Ubuntu 14.04 LTS server normaly uses?

Linux/Ubuntu is set up such that it will try to find the most optimal situation where data is kept in memory and it will take the least performance hit to drop it to disk (of course it is a bit more complex: you can change this behaviour to be less or more aggressive).

So stating a hard number is probably not possible.

watch -n 5 free -m

will show you the actual numbers though.

Looking at it from the recommendations for the server editions:

300 MHz x86 processor
192 MiB of system memory (RAM)
1 GB of disk space
Graphics card and monitor capable of 640x480
CD drive

You need at least 192 MiB to have a server that performs normally. So that could be an answer: 192 MiB will roughly be used from a vanilla install will a little overhead (otherwise I would expect the recommended number to be higher or lower). Anything more is nice but not needed.


you can skip all that hassle as "Wine" is available in Ubuntu software center.
open it and search wine click on install and you are done


The dependency in futex is fixed in Skip-Ahead builds which only leaves actual hardware support.

Installing Xrdp (apt install xrdp), starting the service (sudo service xrdp start), and then mstsc in the Run line with assigned port from xrdp (127.0.0.X:port#) will likely get you running a near-full desktop experience that will include sound (you get most of everything else in Fall Creator's Update and up to start with).

So running PulseAudio is very much possible. Again the only caveat is you need to be on Skip-Ahead Insider builds. There may be ways to get sound working outside of this method but I don't know them.


Executing bash script via python gives syntax error

Your script is in csh syntax, however os.system calls the default shell /bin/sh. If you want your script to be properly interpreted, use

subprocess.call(['/bin/csh','-c','source /home/software/cadence/release2013/setup/xyz.setup'])


Ubuntu cannot log in as root - thinks root is a program

Have you try sudo su from your host account. You can verify it by echo $USER or whoami ?


How do I change the location of the apt-get archive?

I am not sure if you want to make the changes permanent. The solution differs between temporal and permanent.

If you want to make them permanent, try:

cd /new/cache/destinantion
mkdir partial
vim /etc/apt/apt.conf

Then add this:

dir::cache::archives /new/cache/destinantion;

For the symlink make sure you have copied and/or moved the archives from /media/myFlash/temp to /var/cache/apt/archives before creating the symlink. The creation of the symbolic will delete your current cache.

Here is a good post I found that can help you: Change an apt cache folder location


Not able to go into the desktop, stuck in lock screen

I think that the best idea is to reinstall Ubuntu, but if you can´t you could try the recovery options during boot, by holding Left Shift during boot. But to me it sounds like you have messed up, mixed Ubuntu now. If you´d ask me, I would have done a reinstall.


Is it safe to remove configuration files for older kernels?

Short Answer: I guess it's safe.

Longer Answer:
Using the information from the comments to the question, I deleted all rc packages on my system. Even after the deletion the system remained stable. Therefore I guess it's ok to say it's safe.


You should try using the proprietary drivers instead (it works for me). You can do this in System>Preferences>Hardware>Additional Drivers. Also, if you are using Compiz as a Windows Manager,  I would suggest you avoid version 352.63 (it crashed OpenGL for me), but use the older version.


How to push specific bits into a new file?


Is there any way to create a simple txt file without opening the terminal?

Ubuntu 16.04 and earlier:

Prior to 16.10, you can create blank text-files by simply right clicking on the desired location in Nautilus.

Ubuntu 16.10 and Later:

Later versions of Nautilus ("Files") removed this feature so you cannot create a blank text-file by just clicking anywhere. You need to use the "Templates" folder for this purpose.

To do this, first navigate to your templates directory:

Then open a Terminal in that folder (by right clicking > "Open in Terminal") and then type the following command in the terminal.

touch "Blank Document"

You can name this file anything you want. I personally prefer "Blank Document" because what it creates is essentially a blank document.

After this you should be able to create blank text-files anywhere you want (and are allowed to):

Note: You can use the Templates folder to do many other things like creating a particular image, etc. Anything you put there will appear in the "New Document" menu.


How to properly install PlayOnLinux, all the drivers, etc?

PlayOnLinux allows you to easily install and use applications and games that run under Windows.  To install PlayOnLinux just type it in the search box at the Ubuntu Software Center, and click on install.

The first time you run it, PlayOnLinux will download application updates it needs.  Once it’s finished updating, you can install a Windows application by clicking on install, and then by searching for the application, or by selecting the category on top or by choosing unlisted application. Click on the desired application, providing the you have the application to install.


How do I find out which process is eating up my bandwidth?

I've had a lot of success with nethogs. It has to run as root but there are different ways you can sort the statistics (like KB/s or total bandwidth monitored since nethogs started).

Also, if you use wireless you need to pass the device to it.

Install it with command: sudo apt-get install nethogs

Example: sudo nethogs wlan0


Oops. Found a solution soon after posting. I moved all the files out of where Shutter was storing captures to (47 images) and Shutter is functioning again.


Getting errors when updating the source list

The problem is that the repository you are using is not compatible with Ubuntu. You have added a repository for BackTrack Linux, which is not Ubuntu. As explained in the BackTrack FAQ:

Why cant I just add the Backtrack repositories to my Ubuntu install or the Ubuntu repositories to my Backtrack install ?
We highly recommend against this action because Backtrack tools are built with many custom features, libraries and kernel. We have no way of knowing how they will perform on a non Backtrack distribution, plus you will very quickly break your install.
Also if you chose to add the ubuntu repositories to your Backtrack install, you will most certainly break your entire Backtrack install very quickly.
We do a lot of testing to ensure that all packages in our repo will work together without causing problems.
If you decide on this course of action you do so entirely at your own risk and the backtrack team will not offer any support in any way.

The specific error you are getting also shows that the BackTrack repositories don't have the same structure as the Ubuntu ones and therefore, apt-get is not finding the expected files.


How to install Ubuntu on empty disk space along side Win7?

Depending on your desired partition setup, just click on the free space and click the "+" to add a swap partition of whatever size you want, and then click the "+" again to create a / partition (probably with the default ext4 file system, unless you want something specific from another file system) filling the rest of the drive (or split your / and /home into separate partitions if you'd like to preserve your data should you need to reload Ubuntu).

After it's installed, you'll be presented with a Grub menu to choose to boot Ubuntu or Windows.


how to create a domain with apache2 lamp

Your config file looks correct.
I would have started it by :

    <VirtualHost foldername.tld:80>
    (...)

This way, you can later create other virtual hosts (if needed).
Using '*:80' will catch all requests going to this server on port 80 to the virtual host only.

Then at DNS level you just have to let foldername.tld point to the address of your web server (via an A record or via a CNAME to an already defined A record).


Not sure if this will find it for you or not but you could try this from a terminal:
    sudo find ~/ -name (whatever your file name is using * as wildcards)
    So if you think file name is abcd.txt but were not sure about the abcd:
    sudo find ~/ -name *.txt


Install Ubuntu 14 onto Portable Hard Drive?

First, does your system use UEFI or Bios? A quick way to check is to right click on my computer in Windows 8, select manage, disk management.
If it reports a 100 mb system reserved partition you are likely using Bios. You can also boot up the UEFI configuration utility and check there (check your laptop key combination online, usually one of the function keys or del/ esc)

If it is a new laptop that came with Windows 8 it is almost guaranteed to be set up in UEFI mode with secure boot enabled. I am assuming that it is using UEFI.

Installing to an external drive will be quite slow, you are better off installing in a virtual machine (use virtual box). Usually it is easier to disable secure boot to install, however it should work with secure boot enabled.

if you still want to install to a secondary hdd  perform these steps:

1-Create a full disk backup of your Windows 8 system (system image)+a repair disk. If you wipe your system by mistake you can always restore. Create system recovery disks also . Note if you make a partitioning mistake you can hose your Windows install completely - you will need to save the system image to another drive/set of dvds.

2-Boot up the Ubuntu live cd, click install and choose "something else"

3 - you should see a list of disks that Ubuntu has detected . Select your external drive and partition it as follows(assuming you want your Windows 8 and Ubuntu to be completely separate from each other)

Create a 1 GB partition named EFIboot.
Create another partition with a swap mount point and give it a couple of GB. (4GB should do, or equal your ram)
Create a third partition (remaining space using ext4 with a / mount point.

. At the bottom of the installation screen it will prompt you for the bootloader location - choose your external disk (usually /dev/sdb).

When you need to boot Ubuntu simply plug in the hdd into a USB port and choose boot from USB in UEFI . For booting Windows 8 simply remove the hdd and Windows 8 should boot normally.

If your system is using the standard Bios/mbr setup , the steps are identical, but you won't need to create a EFIboot partition when installing.


System checks for disk drive error every time it boots

You're going to have to let it complete at least once. fsck is a legitimate health-check, and it's the "Right Thing" to do.

that said, if you ARE letting it complete, and it's still running every time you reboot, check the SMART results in the Disk Utility application (disk could be going bad), or adjust the frequency of disk checks with a command like:

sudo tune2fs -c 50 /dev/sda1

be sure to change the device to your actual device name, and feel free to adjust the count as well.


I'm not sure how much information you need, so let me know if you need more technical information on how to "set it up".

Trim is default on Ubuntu 14.04, for Intel and Samsung SDDs. (Essentially, use a cron job, not discard.)

That's a massive SDD. My / partition is 25 GB, and is 15 GB full. If I were you, I'd put /home on the SDD too, so that things like your web browser and email client will work quickly. Then put your "extra" files (documents, music, pictures) on your 500 GB drive.

I also put some /var items on my spindle drive to reduce writes/wear on the SDD, although I've also read that this is unnecessary with newer SDDs. My spindle drive is mounted at /HDD, and I have the following in /etc/fstab.

/HDD/.SDDsymlinks/var/tmp /var/tmp none bind 0 0
/HDD/.SDDsymlinks/var/log /var/log none bind 0 0
/HDD/.SDDsymlinks/var/cache /var/cache none bind 0 0

I had some trouble with /var/spool so I didn't bother.


How to add 15 APs to Radius Server on ubuntu server

FreeRADIUS is free software. It has no artificial limitations on number of devices supported.

15 access points is absolutely a trivial amount of devices, and with a total of 150 users even a low end machine, such as a Raspberry Pi should be able to keep up with the authentication traffic.


Uncomplete install of POCO C++ libraries

I think you did the same like I did before... I was checking the newest Poco doc and was using an older version... It was not obvious for the first but after a while I realized...

Based on this site: [ http://axistasoft.com/blog/poco/poco-net/item/sending-email-messages-using-poco-securestreamsocket-securesmtpclientsession-class ]
I think I managed to create a code for sending SMTP over SSL (I could not test it because I realized that the SMTP server is NOT SSL forced while the system administrator told me it is...)

So the code:

#include <Poco/Crypto/OpenSSLInitializer.h>
#include <Poco/Net/MailMessage.h>
#include <Poco/Net/MailRecipient.h>
#include <Poco/Net/SecureStreamSocket.h>
#include <Poco/Net/SMTPClientSession.h>
#include <Poco/Net/NetException.h>
#include <Poco/Net/Context.h>
#include <Poco/Net/SSLManager.h>
#include <Poco/Net/AcceptCertificateHandler.h>
#include <Poco/AutoPtr.h>

void sendMail() {
    using Poco::Net::MailMessage;
    using Poco::Net::MailRecipient;
    using Poco::Net::InvalidCertificateHandler;
    using Poco::Net::AcceptCertificateHandler;
    using Poco::Net::Context;
    using Poco::Net::SSLManager;
    using Poco::Net::SocketAddress;
    using Poco::Net::SecureStreamSocket;
    using Poco::Net::StreamSocket;
    using Poco::Net::SMTPClientSession;
    using Poco::Net::SMTPException;
    using Poco::Net::NetException;
    using Poco::Crypto::OpenSSLInitializer;
    using Poco::SharedPtr;

    std::string host = "smtp_host.com";
    int port = 465;
    std::string user = "smtp-user";
    std::string password = "smtp-password";
    std::string to = "email-recipient@example.com";
    std::string from = "email-sender@example.com";
    std::string subject = "This is the subject";
    subject = Poco::Net::MailMessage::encodeWord(subject, "UTF-8");
    std::string content = "This is the message body";

    MailMessage message;
    message.setSender(from);
    message.addRecipient(MailRecipient(MailRecipient::PRIMARY_RECIPIENT, to));
    message.setSubject(subject);
    message.setContentType("text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
    message.setContent(content, MailMessage::ENCODING_8BIT);

    try {
        OpenSSLInitializer::initialize();
        SharedPtr<InvalidCertificateHandler> ptrHandler = new AcceptCertificateHandler(false);
        Context::Ptr ptrContext = new Context(Context::CLIENT_USE, "", "", "", Context::VERIFY_RELAXED, 9, true, "ALL:!ADH:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH");
        SSLManager::instance().initializeClient(0, ptrHandler, ptrContext);

        SocketAddress sa(host, port);
        SecureStreamSocket socket(sa);
        SMTPClientSession session(socket);

        try {
            session.login(SMTPClientSession::AUTH_LOGIN, user, password);
            session.sendMessage(message);
            session.close();
            OpenSSLInitializer::uninitialize();
        } catch (SMTPException &e) {
            _errorOccurred(e.displayText());
            session.close();
            OpenSSLInitializer::uninitialize();
            return;
        }
    } catch (NetException &e) {
        _errorOccurred(e.displayText());
        return;
    }
}

I hope you can use it :)
Let's send hugs and kisses to http://axistasoft.com to Singapore :)

Good luck! ;)


Add physical partition to QEMU/KVM virtual machine in virt-manager

The solution appears to be passing the whole block device, like /dev/sda or the equivalent from /dev/disk/by-id/, to the <source dev=''> setting.

This allows the Windows setup to see the existing partitions, including the root partition in the host.

There should not be any conflict, as long as:

you don't try to mount/modify a partition in the guest that is already mounted in the host; and
you don't mount/modify the partition currently in used by the guest from the host, while the VM is powered on.

Regarding the first point, it is of course necessary to unmount the ESP (EFI System Partition) from the host prior to launching the VM. I first wrote a script for that, and then came up with a better solution in the form of a QEMU automation hook. I'm making available at https://gitlab.com/ranolfi/rvirtesp.

What's cool about this is that you can also boot the virtualized OS natively, as in dual-booting, by selecting its new entry in the motherboard's boot menu.

I'm not exactly sure this is "supported". But been using it for almost a year now, without a problem.


How to give ssh access to trusted friend?

Your problem is you are doing it backwards. Your friend is to generate his key and send you his id_rsa.pub. His private key is only for him. That's what makes it private. Once anyone but you has access to your private key it's compromised and you need to generate a new pair.

Your friend can create his key pair in windows with puttygen.exe. Once that is done he can send you his id_rsa.pub and you simply place it in ~friend/.ssh/authorized_keys


Catch-22: No Ubuntu to install AMD driver for initial Ubuntu install through Win8.

You really can not install that driver into the live session. You need to first install Ubuntu, then install the driver from the command line.

If you can not install from the desktop CD, you may have to use the Alternate CD. The alternate CD has a more robust installer.

BUT ... you really do not need to manually install the driver at all. Just install Ubuntu , then install the driver from the repositories.

Save a backup copy of xorg.conf in case this doesn't work.

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.BAK

Remove/purge current fglrx and fglrx-amdcccle (If you have used a method outside of aptitude, apt, Software Center or Synaptic, follow the other party's instructions for removal):

sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx-amdcccle

For some users, the fglrx-updates and fglrx-amdcccle-updates packages do not work. If you attempted to install them, also do:

sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx-updates fglrx-amdcccle-updates

Reboot.

Install the driver:

sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-amdcccle

Generate a fresh xorg.conf BEFORE REBOOTING!

sudo aticonfig --initial

or:

sudo amdconfig --initial

If you are using multiple AMD graphics cards or AMD dual graphics (i.e.: notebook users), use:

sudo aticonfig --adapter=all --initial

or:

sudo amdconfig --adapter=all --initial

Reboot again.

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BinaryDriverHowto/ATI for details.


extundelete - failed to read-only open device "/dev/sdb": Error code 2133571347

When you use mount with the -r option, the filesystem is mounted read only.  In order to do any writing to the disk you must not mount in read only.

So, the command should be

mount -o loop oldhd.img /mnt

Also, from a sourceforge forum post:

  Error code 2133571347 is  "EXT2_ET_BAD_MAGIC"
  This means there is no valid signature for the superblock.

  Either:

  The superblock is corrupt, in which case you can try to open the file system with help of the superblock copies. see options -b blocknumber and -B blocksize, or
  You have made a mistake during the creation of the file system image, or
  You have created an image of the entire disk, not a copy of the file system, in which case you must specify offset options for losetup.


You have conflicting .yaml files.

Rename all of the existing .yaml files

sudo mv /etc/netplan/10-nameservers.yaml /etc/netplan/10-nameservers.yaml.HOLD
sudo mv /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml.HOLD
sudo mv /etc/netplan/interfaces_ens160.yaml /etc/netplan/interfaces_ens160.yaml.HOLD

Create a new .yaml file

sudo pico /etc/netplan/config.yaml with the following contents... with exact indentation, spacing, and no tabs...

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    ens160:
      addresses: [172.16.0.1/16]
      gateway4: 172.16.100.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [10.0.0.8, 8.8.8.8, 10.15.0.18]

Generate new files

sudo netplan --debug generate # generate config files

sudo netplan apply # apply config

reboot # reboot the server


Edit the file with sudo rights

sudo nano /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades

As you can see here

ls -la /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 832 Feb 26 17:30 /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades

the file is only writable for root.


Ubuntu 14.04 install hardware enablement stack for kernel beyond 3.13.x?

You can install kernel 3.16 by running

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-utopic

or kernel 3.19

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-vivid

This will install meta packages and the selected kernel major version will get updates using normal sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade routine.

Why did you install an old 3.19.0-18? Current is  3.19.0-23.

I use all my Ubuntu 14.04 systems with kernel 3.19 with no problems.


Multiple IP addresses with bonded interfaces

As I had this issue myself and there is little information on it anywhere, so here is the "correct" solution for the /etc/network/interfaces file:

auto bond0
iface bond0 inet static
    address 192.168.0.5
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.0.1
    bond-mode 802.3ad
    bond-miimon 100
    bond-updelay 200
    bond-downdelay 200
    bond-lacp-rate 1
    bond-slaves eth0 eth1

auto bond0:1
iface bond0:1 inet static
    address 192.168.10.160
    netmask 255.255.255.0

It works almost the same as with regular interfaces like eth0, but you must not repeat the bond configuration - that should only be in the bond0 configuration. You can then add as many additional IP addresses as needed like this, as bond0:2, bond0:3, etc.

If you also want to add IPv6 addresses, it is a little different again, as you need to add this (as an example):

iface bond0 inet6 static
    address 2eee:354:3a3::745
    netmask 64
    gateway 2eee:354:3a3::1

IPv6 does not need bond0:1 or similar workarounds - just use bond0 for every address. It uses the bond settings from the IPv4 address, like a second IPv4 address. And you do not need to repeat the gateway part for additional IPv6 addresses, just use address and netmask for the second IPv6 address.

After you changed the interfaces file, you should execute the following commands to fully restart networking and load these changes:

ip address flush eth0
ip address flush eth1
systemctl restart networking

This removes all IP addresses from eth0 and eth1 and then restarts networking with the new configuration. Make sure you are logged in locally to the machine, as you need to completely turn of networking before restarting it, so all connections will be lost.


ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'matplotlib'

try to install matplotlib for python3
e.g.:
sudo pip3 install matplotlib


A application is currently listening on the on port 80. Most likely it is a other instance of nginx.

Find application that is listening on the socket

With the netstat command you can find the application which is currently listening on the socket. Also use grep to filter the output of netstat.

$ netstat -lpn | grep 80
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      780/nginx: master p
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      780/nginx: master p

The last entry of the list 780/nginx tells you the PID of the process currently listening on the port 80.

Find and kill the application

With ps you can see the process structure of the process using the socket:

$ ps f -g780
   PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
   780 ?        Ss     0:00 nginx: master process nginx
   781 ?        S      0:00  \_ nginx: worker process
   782 ?        S      0:00  \_ nginx: worker process
   783 ?        S      0:00  \_ nginx: worker process
   784 ?        S      0:00  \_ nginx: worker process
   785 ?        S      0:00  \_ nginx: worker process
   786 ?        S      0:00  \_ nginx: worker process
   787 ?        S      0:00  \_ nginx: worker process
   788 ?        S      0:00  \_ nginx: worker process

With the kill command you can now terminate the process which uses the socket:

$ kill 780

If that does not terminate the process with -9:

$ kill -9 780

Then try to restart your nginx service.


Help using rhythmbox-plugin-visualizer in 14.10

The visualizer is actually displayed in the left-pane if you have this displayed:

This bit shown at the arrow in the picture only appears when you have started playing any track.

If you have hidden the left pane - redisplay it by pressing F9


How can I compile, run and decompile C# code in Ubuntu terminal?

You need to install mono-complete if you want to run software for Mono or Microsoft .NET which you are not installing from a Debian package.

Install mono-complete. In all currently supported versions of Ubuntu open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install mono-complete

Save your C# code in a file called hello.cs. Example hello.cs code is:

using System;

namespace Project_1 {
    class MainClass {
        public static void Main (string[] args) {
            Console.WriteLine ("Hello World!");
            Console.ReadKey ();
        }
    }
}

Make hello.cs executable. Right-click the hello.cs file -> select Properties -> Permissions tab -> put a check mark to the left of Allow executing file as program.
Change directories using the cd command to the directory that contains the hello.cs file.
Use the mcs compiler and create a Windows executable named hello.exe from the source hello.cs.

mcs -out:hello.exe hello.cs

Run the hello.exe program with mono.

mono hello.exe

The results of running your program in step 6. should be:

Hello World!

Press Enter to exit back to a default terminal prompt.
Decompile the executable file.

monodis --output=decompiled-hello.txt hello.exe


Redirecting the date and time to a file when eth0 starts up

If you have an encrypted home directory and eth0 is brought up before you log in (as it generally is if it is marked "auto") then the network.log file will be written under a directory which later is used as a mount point for your encrypted-home filesystem, rendering the file inaccessible. Don't write the date to a file in your home directory; use /var/log/.


The settings for the mouse shown in your screenshot can be accessed from the dconf-editor.  If it is not installed you can install it by running: sudo apt-get install dconf-editor.

Open dconf and navigate to: org -> gnome -> settings-daemon -> peripheral -> mouse.  Here are some screenshots that show how each option relates to the settings.

You can also find the settings in gconf under gnome -> peripherals -> mouse.  Here is a screenshot for gconf as well.


Can I install ubuntu on my desktop? If so, which version is more suitable?

sure you can! Ubuntu can run on almost everything including old Celeron processors (700MHz). If your system can run Windows or OSX then it can definitely handle Ubuntu much much more better.

Which version to choose is more a choice of your own. But I van help you narrow it down to two choices Ubuntu 12.04 and 13.10.

12.04 works fine and has the best support. It will still be updated until april 2017.

13.10 is the newest version with more features but it has more bugs. It will be supported for less then a year.

Have fun!


File upload/download fail using VirtualBox

Well, it's not really a reply, but comments are too short...

I think I haven't been clear enough speaking about 'secondary port'. Ftp uses two ports:

the command port (or listen port), default 21.
the data port (default 20).

The command port is certainly free, and that's why you could connect and authenticate, and issue get and put commands. But when going to the transfer, another connection is opened on the data port, and this one fails. So, you have to check (and maybe modify) the data port, not the command port.

The problem is even more difficult because ftp has two modes:

The 'passive' mode in which the default ports are used.
The 'active' mode in which ports are negotiated.

This is why I would strongly suggest you to try transfers in passive mode (it's not the default). Any ftp client like Filezilla or the ftp terminal command has this option.


Restore audio settings - cannot open mixer: No such file or directory

Yikes! This "pre-compiled binary package" is an ugly one.

It installs source code in /usr/lib rather than /usr/src.
It appears to ship almost all Alsa with it.
It compiles the kernel module from source very bluntly in a postinst script. So it's a source package packaged as a binary one.
Basically it does not follow any packaging guidelines as it appears.

However, it appears to also feature some uninstall script invoked by simply removing the package (triggered by the prerm hook).

The driver is for Conexant hardware, but you appear not to have such a sound card!

So, long story short, just try to remove the package to revert your actions (and hope it does indeed revert all actions):

sudo dpkg -r alsa-driver-linuxant

Lessons for next time:

Don't install third party packages, but if you do:

verify that the driver/package you're about to install is actually fit for your hardware.
try out changes like this on a persistent USB install for example. If it screws up or does not help, you can simply discard that installation.

File non-working hardware as bugs. Hardware in Ubuntu should just work.
Try to understand what you're doing - it appears that you seem not to understand what changes you made to your system.


How do I restore two finger middle click again?

The default settings that seem to be enabled with "tap to click" (on my laptop anyway) also provides the following functionality:

Middle Click (tap at top right of scroll area)
Right Click (tap at bottom right of scroll area)


How can I play a system sound with Python?

The easiest way would probably be to shell out:

system("/usr/bin/canberra-gtk-play --id='bell'")

This will work in other programming languages as well.

/usr/bin/canberra-gtk-play will play a sound from the current sound theme. See the freedesktop.org sound naming spec for a list of available sounds and their meanings. Beware that (as far as I know) there isn't a sound theme that provides all of these sounds.

Use ls /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo to see what sounds are supported by the 'ubuntu' sound theme which is default, and rarely changed (due to no easy way to install sound themes) on Ubuntu.


thank you for using Ubuntu, is this is a fresh installation of Ubuntu open up a terminal by hiting Ctrl+Alt_T then typesudo apt-get update check for any errors given to you, if no errors, re-open the software center and try again.

Alternatively, you may also try installing software via terminal by a simply sudo apt-get install *package_name* This of-course if you feel comfortable working with the terminal. Good luck and ask again if you have no success.

Cheers,


Terminal: Does not use files in correct sequence

From man align_image_stack:

--use-given-order
    Use the image order as given on the command line.  (By default images
    will be sorted by exposure values.)

So you need the --use-given-order flag.


"../lib/libfreenect.so.0.5.0: undefined reference to `libusb_get_parent'" when building libusb

you should try to build libusb from latest-source-tar from http://libusb.info/.
i had the same troubles with an old version of "libusb-1.0.0".


Is it possible to change the XBMC video output to X11 (XCB) on Xubuntu 14.04?

Well apparently it's not possible to change the XBMC output to X11 video output(XCB), this only seems to be available in VLC.

Nevertheless I managed to find a workaround to eliminate the video tearing in XBMC. This workaround has been only tested in Xubuntu 14.04 with Compton as it's default compositor. Unfortunately the default xfce compositor does not work properly with my Nvidia GeForce GT 755 even when v-blank is enabled in the default xfce compositor and in the Nvidia settings.

To completely fix your XBMC screen tearing with the specific graphics card above:

Go to /home/<yourusername>/.config and open the compton.conf file with a text editor of your choice.
Navigate to the line :

unredir-if-possible = true;

and change it to:

unredir-if-possible = false;

Voilà, I have been tear free in XBMC ever since!


Only 'sdb' shows up when installing 12.04 on a new Dell inspiron 14z

It seems you have a small SSD (/dev/sdb) and a hard drive (/dev/sda) that uses Intel Smart Response Technology, that Ubuntu recognizes as RAID0.

Boot from USB stick and select "Try Ubuntu"
Open a terminal by pressing
Ctrl+Alt+T and enter sudo dmraid
-E -r /dev/sda.
Using Gparted delete the extended partition /dev/sda4 and all the logical partions inside it (sda5, sda6, sda7).
Start the Install Ubuntu process as before.

(The above worked)

Alternately

If you have the Intel Smart Response Technology:

Deactivate it from within Windows using the GUI,
Change the SATA mode in the BIOS from RAID to normal.

Then your Ubuntu installer should recognize both disks. (But beware, I don't know how Windows or rather ntfs behaves if you deactivate the RAID mode. Your ntfs filesystem could also get damaged) From No HDD shows up during install 12.04 on Lenovo U410.

Once the RAID is removed you should get the "alongside" option. However, you may choose "something else" and use the small SSD for the / partition and the the HDD for /home and swap. See Is it safe to install the / partition on an SSD?

Hope this helps


The only solution that I found was to delete old backup files. Then worked fine.


Installing Guest Additions causing problems

Update

It seems that conradk solution is working so I'll post it here in the answer as well.

I did sudo apt-get remove libcheese-gtk23, then sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-core and finally sudo apt-get install -f virtualbox-guest-x11. It solved problems for me

Scroll down and give him a vote up if this works for you.

I looked up your problem on google and this is what I found.

Just running the below will take care of installing the package and all its dependencies. However, it seems to be taking some time for it to complete, so be ready for a long wait.

Fix:

$ sudo apt-get -q -y -f build-dep virtualbox-ose-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11 virtualbox-ose-guest-x11 virtualbox-ose-guest-dkms

This will install all dependencies for 'packagename' so it can build it.

After the building has completed just install it again by typing:

$ sudo apt-get -q -y -f install virtualbox-ose-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11 virtualbox-ose-guest-x11 virtualbox-ose-guest-dkms

You can read about the options for apt-get with $ man apt-get.

References

Ubuntu The following packages have unmet dependencies: $package1 : Depends: $package2 but it is not going to be installed


How do you use the command trap in a command-line?

trap is not a external command, but a built-in command of bash. It can be used in a script to run a bash function when some event (like Ctrl+C, or a signal) is received by the script. For example, if you create a temporary file in the script, it is seen as best practice to remove it when the script finish. However, if the script is killed or interrupted, the end of the script will not be run, unless if that's handled by trap.

It doesn't serve much outside of a script, so you can safely ignore it.

And I would suggest to search "bash trap" to see various tutorials about programming and scripting explaining in details the usage.


Your computer almost certainly uses EFI-mode booting, but Super GRUB 2 Disk works on a computer that boots in BIOS mode. The closest thing I'm aware of to Super GRUB 2 Disk for EFI-based systems is the USB flash drive or CD-R version of my rEFInd boot manager. You should be able to use it to get into Windows. For a longer-term solution, you should delete GRUB from the EFI System Partition (ESP) on your computer. You can do this from a Linux live CD or from Windows:

Mount the ESP:

In Linux, the ESP is identified as having its "boot flag" set in parted or GParted. Find the ESP and mount it somewhere (/boot/efi is traditional, but a live CD is unlikely to have that mount point, so you can use somewhere else).
In Windows, open an Administrator Command Prompt window and type mountvol S: /S. You can use a mount point other than S:, if you like.

Delete the EFI/ubuntu directory, and the files it contains, from the ESP.

Note that this procedure assumes that you have not run Boot Repair on the computer. If you've run Boot Repair, this procedure may be ineffective, but it should do no harm. If you've run Boot Repair and this procedure does not work, run Boot Repair again and select the option from the Advanced menu to restore backed-up files. That should get Windows booting again.

A couple of alternatives to this procedure are to install rEFInd to your hard disk (which might be desirable if you want to dual-boot with another OS) or to use efibootmgr in Linux to re-order the firmware's boot options. (EFI version 2 shells and some firmware user interfaces provide equivalent functionality to efibootmgr, too.)


I realize this was originally asked in 2011,
but nowadays you can achieve a similar result by
altering cron.service
to limit the CPU and I/O priority:

$ sudo systemctl edit cron.service
# edits go to /etc/systemd/system/cron.service.d/override.conf

By default, this also applies to subprocesses spawned by cron.
I use something like this:

[Service]
Nice=19
CPUSchedulingPolicy=idle
IOSchedulingClass=idle


Dual boot windows 8 with UBUNTU on Dell Inspiron 3543

If you type "dual boot windows 8 linux" into a search engine there are a host of articles who'll guide you. This one worked for me:

http://www.everydaylinuxuser.com/2013/09/install-ubuntu-linux-alongside-windows.html

To make the live USB, I used LinuxLive USB Creator, though there are others to choose from too.

Then, in step 4 of the instructions in the article, to turn of the secure boot I found it under the "advanced" tab, inside "boot settings". Note though that this is different for different setups.

Good luck!


do dpkg -l | grep fpm to confirm if you have php7.0-fpm installed. If not, install it manually:

sudo apt install php7.0-fpm


No 3D acceleration in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS with latest Vmware Workstation

Your Ubuntu video driver does not support 3D.  You need to install the opensource driver or the ati catalyst driver


I have been following this problem(or a variation of), that I also have, for about a year. The only way I can even boot is with a very old kernel.  This is an unsolved bug going on 2 years ( https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1003309 ).  Some people have fixed this problem, it usually entails major surgery into the bowels of your system ;), your mileage may vary.  None have worked for me and I am reluctant to do something like reinstall kernels, when every kernel I have installed in a year has not worked. May I suggest that the complexity of the boot system itself is the problem.  If you want to throw something else in there, like encrypting your disk, you are just asking for trouble.  So here is my solution:

Remove disk encryption.
reinstall or follow this guide How to stop using built-in home directory encryption?
To encrypt your data use the program Cryptkeeper.  This is an excellent, elegant program that doesn't muck up anything else on your system.  In other words it is everything disk encryption is not!

I doubt that an easier or more reliable solution will show up here.


Unity launcher doesn't appear in VNC session

I found this over on the realvnc knowledge base.  It works for my set up, I can vnc to my Ubuntu box and the launcher is there ready to go.


Internet extremelly slow UBUNTU 13.04 Alfa Awus036h

Use: sudo iwconfig wlan1 rate 5.5M auto

and it will work.


12.04 - clean installation failed on APT configuration failure

Using discussions on a French forum, I could determine (no real proof or explanation) that you cannot install Ubuntu 12.04 64 bits using a start disk made on Ubuntu 10.10 32 bits.

I solved the main problem by making another start disk, this time from a Ubuntu 11.04 (32 bits) computer.

Another thing I got (from here, thanks beeju who gave the link) is that if your grub menu isn't working (due to a bad installation point or a crash at the bad time) you can reinstall it without problems : How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?)


The 4.8 is not officially supported  for Ubuntu any more.

But you can still install any mainline kernel from Ubuntu mainline kernel PPA at your own risk.


Please comment (add #) or remove

# application/octet-stream=gedit.desktop;

in your

~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list

That's works for me.


Looking for a linux equivalent to Trans Lucy

Just realize that this is not enabled by default in Unity. So, install compizconfig-settings-manager:

apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Run it by search for program ccsm. Then enable the "Opacity, Brightness, and Saturation" settings. Now you can control the opacity of any windows by Alt+Mouse_Scroll.


Github user cstrap has a repository with a simple install script that will download and install the font.

Just run the command

curl -kL https://raw.github.com/cstrap/monaco-font/master/install-font-ubuntu.sh | bash


I believe you have the incorrect driver. Please run:

lspci -nn

Is your Broadcom wireless device identifier 14e4:4318? If so, please do:

sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Reboot and tell us if it's working. If that is not your device identifier, post it here and we'll propose a solution.


Most certainly, ~/.config/autostart does work if the command works "normally", but you have to be aware of two possible bottlenecks:

The launcher in ~/.config/autostart is a .desktop file. To run a complicated command from a .desktop file, use the command:

/bin/bash -c "setxkbmap -layout us -option ctrl:nocaps"

Some commands break if they run while the desktop is not fully loaded yet. In that case you'd have to add a little break, e.g.:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 15&&setxkbmap -layout us -option ctrl:nocaps"


Ubuntu 14.04 software updater messed up everything

You can resume your broken update progress by launching this command in the Terminal:

sudo apt-get install -f

Once done, restart your computer.


Go to a terminal window (CTRL+ALT+T) and type:

mkdir Downloads

You can close the terminal window right after that.

That should create the Downloads folder.


Pulseaudio not detecting bluetooth headset automatically

I found a fix for this on another answer, the problem is that the pulseaudio bluetooth module is loaded before X11, changing a couple of config files do the trick: PulseAudio can not load bluetooth module 15.10/16.04/16.10

vim /etc/pulse/default.pa

Comment out (with an # at the beginning of the line) the following line:

#load-module module-bluetooth-policy
#load-module module-bluetooth-discover

Now edit the file /usr/bin/start-pulseaudio-x11 find the following lines:

   if [ x”$SESSION_MANAGER” != x ] ; then
    /usr/bin/pactl load-module module-x11-xsmp “display=$DISPLAY session_manager=$SESSION_MANAGER” > /dev/null
   fi

and change them to this:

   if [ x"$SESSION_MANAGER" != x ] ; then
    /usr/bin/pactl load-module module-x11-xsmp "display=$DISPLAY session_manager=$SESSION_MANAGER" > /dev/null
   #
   # Added per StackExchange http://askubuntu.com/questions/366032/pulseaudio-not-detecting-bluetooth-headset-automatically
   #
    /usr/bin/pactl load-module module-bluetooth-policy
    /usr/bin/pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover
   fi

This way the Pulse audio’s Bluetooth modules will not be downloaded at boot time but after x11 is started.

This fix goes against the current suggestion at:  https://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/Documentation/User/Bluetooth/


Lubuntu installation failed. (I'm a noob)

It means your .iso file was corrupted or incomplete. Download it again.


screen record with input and output sound ubuntu 14.04

You could use Fraps, which is paid application but really good. It probably would need to have Wine installed, which can emulate Windows programs.
Then there is Bandicam, it is free-to-use but there is 10 minute limit until you buy it. At least was.

Fraps in my opinion is way easier to use, but Bandicam might have some better features.

Hope this helped you!


Black desktop background after upgrade from 14.04 to 16.04.1

The old desktop background is back after the 4th reboot, two days later. No new packages were installed to my knowledge. Logic tells me time is not the explanatory variable, but apparently Unity sorted itself out (Launcher is also working again).

Edit: This was without external monitor.


Based on your comments, you say cache usage doesn't noticeably drop when you try to echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

This can only happen if this is a cache for writing. If you write 5 GB to some files, the data immediately lands in cache and your program continues. The cache is actually written to storage in the background as fast as possible. In your case the storage seems dramatically slow and you accumulate the unwritten cache until it drains all of your RAM and starts pushing everything out to swap.

Kernel will never write cache to swap partition. It keeps it in RAM until it is safely written to destination.

Kernel will never drop unwritten cache, because it would be a data loss (you've saved a file, so you expect the data to land on the permanent storage).

You can only solve it by speeding up the storage. This issue is often seen on storage mounted via network (check your mount for types cifs, nfs, sshfs, etc.) or slow USB1 devices.

You could also make issue much less dramatic to the system by capping the dirty cache with sysctl vm.dirty_ratio=10 before it grows too much.

  dirty_ratio

  Contains, as a percentage of total available memory that contains free
  pages and reclaimable pages, the number of pages at which a process
  which is generating disk writes will itself start writing out dirty
  data.

  The total available memory is not equal to total system memory.

If that's a correct diagnosis, you will see that cache can be easily dropped (at least 90% of it) and that the process that writes these gigabytes becomes very slow. The rest of system will become more responsive.


What environment variable should I use to set a default web browser?

I've found a solution:

xdg-settings set default-web-browser chromium-browser.desktop

you could also use:

xdg-settings set default-web-browser firefox.desktop

or:

xdg-settings set default-web-browser chrome-browser-stable.desktop

If you wish to automate this at login, just put this one liner in your .profile


can't install libcairo2-dev under ubuntu 12.04

One solution could be to simply downgrade to the version indicated (in case this is possible). You can do this via (force version) in synaptic graphically. Or you can be cool and use the command line:

sudo apt-get install libcairo2=1.10.2-6.1ubuntu2 --reinstall
sudo apt-get install libcairo-gobject2=1.10.2-6.1ubuntu2 --reinstall

In best case there will be no troubles on the way of "downgrading those two packages". I had the same problem and there was no problem.

The reason for the occurence of the problem in the first place is that
on your system the newer version have been installed. You have installed

libcairo2 (1.10.2-6.1ubuntu 3 ) and libcairo-gobject2 (1.10.2-6.1ubuntu 3 )

This can happend if one selects the "optional updates" (see picture)

in the source-packages-repositories-configureation. This will cause those new versions to be installed. This normaly is no problem at all. and no error message will occur.

But then if you later on deslect/unselect the "optional updates". Then the those packages (the new version) will still be kept installed, while the new installs (like your libcairo2-dev) will be requesting version that are older (because the repos/package-sources do not have those "optional updates" included anymore). Then there is the unmet dependency.

So theoreitcally it might also help to make sure that you have the "optional updates packages" selected.

If this answer helped/solved, consider accepting it as the answer.


Problem using mod_rewrite to support canconical URL

Your file works for me if I add this at the beginning

RewriteEngine on

But i guess you have enabled mod_rewrite by default.

Since you use permanent 301 header it may be a browser cache issue from an earlier versions of rules..?

Did you tried to reset browser cache? Or tried another browser that you haven't used before?

You can also try adding [OR] at the end of the first condition:

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^99\\.100\\.101\\.102 [OR]


Can I control the System volume with a keyboard shortcut that works everywhere?

Sure you can.

Go to System Settings -> Keyboard -> Shortcuts -> Sound and Media

Now you can do what I did and choose Ctrl+UP for volume up and Ctrl+Down for volume down, or you can choose any other shortcut that suits you best.


Aptdaemon, a fairly obscure low-level service, provides the capability to queue apt package actions from d-bus.

The Ubuntu Software application uses this capability. You can click on 'install' or 'remove' while a package action is already in progress, and the selection will be queued for later execution.

No other apt frontends have yet written queuing features, so ordinary users have no convenient way (yet) to use the feature outside of Ubuntu Software.

It cannot be triggered directly by shell commands. It can be triggered indirectly using dbus shell commands. The nomenclature of such a command is tricky, and not easy for common usage. But it does exist.

See man aptd for more information.


SMPlayer shows no picture for xvid videos, works for h.264 videos

Solution: As indicated in this
topic, the problem
was related to the nvidia driver which I was using. I was using the most
recent version from the graphics drivers
PPA
(currently 384.69). I downgraded to the latest official version which is
supplied by the same PPA (currently 381.22) and the problem is gone.


To be honest error you quoted is something that pulseaudio is doing casually. It tries all the devices it sees eventually enabling one that will work. In your case none worked probably, but I am pretty sure not because of bit of logs you quoted.

For comparison my pulseaudio does this:

I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0c' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hw:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0c' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device front:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D1c' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device iec958:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hw:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device front:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device surround21:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0p' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device surround40:0: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC0D0p' failed (-2)


Is Rhythmbox able to queue tracks played while it is offline, to scrobble them later?

Yes, I tried it just now on Ubuntu 12.04.2 Live USB. I am still searching the cache file that saves the play counts, which is certainly needed for submitting to Last.fm server when the connection becomes available.


Pycharm does not install correctly on ubuntu 16.04, it disappears every time I close it

Launch PyCharm, go to Tools, then click "Create a Desktop Entry".  It will now be accessible from the dash.

What you are executing is not an installer, it's just the executable to start the program.  The core software makes its Desktop launcher if you tell it to but not otherwise.


Can't connect to the internet using Huawei 3G USB modem

Try this , Open Terminal & Type Following :-

sudo apt install wvdial -y
sudo eject $( echo "$(ls /dev | grep sr) \n" | grep "\n" | awk '{print $1}' )
sudo modprobe usbserial vendor=0x12d1 product=0x15cd
sudo modprobe usbserial vendor=0x12d1 product=0x15cd
sudo wvdialconf 2>&1
sudo nmcli radio wwan on && sleep 3
sudo nmcli radio wwan on && sleep 2
sudo nmcli radio wwan on && sleep 1

Then mobile broadband will be available to create new connection.


You definetely need a GPT partition table on drives larger than 2.2TB. With the old msdos partition table you are limited to 2.2 TB and can't make use of the full amount of space.

Reference: https://uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/UEFI_Drive_Partition_Limits_Fact_Sheet.pdf

If you install Windows on a GPT drive, it must be UEFI. Linux generally can be installed in either UEFI-mode or legacy-mode (the latter needs a bios_boot partition).

One more point: You can't mark unallocated space as bootable, unallocated space is not a partition.


111: Connection refused when trying apt update

The port you are trying to connect to is not open on the IP address that you are trying to connect to for one of the following reasons.

You are connecting to the wrong IP address. Use nmap on the server with hostname of localhost (nmap localhost) to check if the server is running properly in the port you want, and on the client with your server's public IP address to check if the destination port is open.
You did not open the port on your firewall(s) successfully.
Your system is configured to use a local HTTP proxy for apt connections, and no such proxy is running (included in this answer for the sake of completeness although you commented that no proxy is running). Many companies and higher education institutions have restrictions in place which includes a policy to control the types of websites you can access.


Request root privilege from within a script

This'll work:

echo "$(whoami)"

[ "$UID" -eq 0 ] || exec sudo "$0" "$@"

example:

./test.sh
blade
[sudo] password for blade:
root


The parts necessary to make Ubuntu Touch work as a desktop are not finished, and have not landed in the Nexus 4 images, so this isn't yet possible with the shipping image.


Rename each of the undesired files to a filename used by nothing else in that directory, e.g.
mv 0???Reduce.fits 0???WileEcoyoteAcme.fits then do
rm 0???WileEcoyoteAcme.fits


SFTP get throws errors (curl not working either)

sftp wants the host as the first argument. So, if you form the argument like so:
sftp user@host:my_file.csv, it should work. With your command, sftp wrongly assumes that the hostname is get.
You can also add a path if you want to access other than the default for the sftp command on the server: sftp user@host:/path/to/my_file.csv.
sftp is more suited to interactive usage. For your purpose, as pointed out by @Jos, scp would be a better fit.


How to exclude one specific file from being hashed through bash script

make the script take the name of that specific file you want excluded as argument.

#!/bin/bash
rm -f md5checksums
find -type f ! -iname "$1" -exec md5sum "{}" + > md5checksums

call the script with ./script "md5checksums"


How to save images from web links given in .xls file

I assume you have all the links in a sigle column.

Copy the column that has the links and paste it in a new file, then save it as CSV (comma separated value). You'll end up with a plain text file containing one link per line.

Now open terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T), enter directory you saved the file (for example: cd Documents) and run:

cat <name-of-csv-file> | { while read; do wget $REPLY; done; }

Of course, replace <name-of-csv-file> with the CSV file name.


Software Center window is two screens wide and can't be made any narrower

I am getting this too. It might be related to removing the snap plugin, as it didn't seem to have this problem until I removed snapd and the plugin. The number of dots under the displayed image keeps increasing each time the app is started, making the window wider. I've tried purging and reinstalling the package with no success. I did find a workaround:

killall gnome-software  # just in case it's still running
rm -rf ~/.local/share/gnome-software

So far I've opened and closed the app several times and the size has remained constant. Not sure that it's a permanent solution though. I suspect there is a bug.


Problems with update/upgrade Ubuntu 20.10 on Raspberry pi 4 with SSD

I had the same issue as you, and to my horror this was the only similar issue I could find (with no helpful answers).
Eventually I searched the line E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) which led me to the below guide that indicated that this error indicates package damage:
https://itsfoss.com/dpkg-returned-an-error-code-1/
Eventually I just removed the packages:
sudo apt remove flash-kernel
sudo apt remove u-boot-rpi:arm64

This successfully freed my apt command and let me install Dillo:
sudo apt install dillo

I'm not sure if there will be any side effects, but if there are I'm canning Berryboot and just flashing Ubuntu directly to my SD. I've had way to many problems in the past 24 hours.


That is something the BIOS will tell your so anything related to that should be available from the dmidecode tool. Example, filtering on "Max" tells me mine are capped at 2000MHz:
$ sudo dmidecode | grep Max
        Max Speed: 2000 MHz
        Max Speed: 2000 MHz
        Maximum Capacity: 13 GB

1 module shows me ...
Handle 0x1001, DMI type 4, 32 bytes
Processor Information
        Socket Designation: CPU 1
        Type: Central Processor
        Family: Other
        Manufacturer: Google
        ID: F0 06 03 00 FF FB 8B 1F
        Version: Not Specified
        Voltage: Unknown
        External Clock: Unknown
        Max Speed: 2000 MHz
        Current Speed: 2000 MHz
        Status: Populated, Enabled
        Upgrade: Other
        L1 Cache Handle: Not Provided
        L2 Cache Handle: Not Provided
        L3 Cache Handle: Not Provid


About 3: How do I move the task bar to the bottom of my screen?
Click on "Show Applications" (the 9 little dots in a square). Type "Settings" and open this. Go to tab "Appearance". In the section about Dock select the "Position on screen" to your desired position.


Backup Failed error processing remote manifest

I followed the instructions in this answer, and now everything's working. I suppose the crucial part for me was the line

chown -R $(whoami) ~/.gnupg/

; before these changes the ownership to secring.gpg was set to root.


As shown in the related question on serverfault , How do I edit the SSH “last login” message?   , the line itself is built into the /usr/sbin/sshd binary. Thus to edit it it would be necessary to edit source code and recompile it yourself, which is somewhat more of a bother and more work than necessary

Confirming the results found on serverfault question

DIR:/xieerqi
skolodya@ubuntu:$ file /usr/sbin/sshd
/usr/sbin/sshd: ELF 64-bit LSB  shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, BuildID[sha1]=b0aaeed8d674586459d21eb2d548a848c33de3a9, stripped

DIR:/xieerqi
skolodya@ubuntu:$ strings /usr/sbin/sshd | grep -i "last login"
Last login: %s
Last login: %s from %s

You can however tell sshd not to print message of the day and the last login (as per this answer )

Open the file /etc/ssh/sshd_config with any editor, make sure if you use command line editor you use sudo and if GUI editor - gksu, for instance

  sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Append the following lines

PrintMotd no
PrintLastLog no

You can place the following function into your $HOME/.bashrc file at the top

function ssh_login_date
 {
 if [ ! -z "$SSH_CLIENT" ]; then
   printf "Last login %s from %s \n" "$( date +%F" "%H":"%M":"%S  )" "$(echo $SSH_CLIENT|  awk '{print $1}' )"
 fi
}

And call the function at the end of the file

ssh_login_date


dpkg: error processing package glibc (--configure)

Thanks to @fkraiem, I finally solved the problem by simply removing glibc.

As @fkraiem said in the comments above, the package glibc does not officially exist in Ubuntu. I might have installed it, even though I don't remember when. So, it's most likely that I don't need it and should remove it.

After removing it everything seems fine and working normally again.


Is Update Checking automatic for default?

Yes, by default, Ubuntu Software center, fetches a list from the repositories you have stored.  I believe the default time is Daily.

To check this open up, system settings, Software and Updates.  From there you will see a window with multiple tabs.  click on the tab labeled update.  From there you can edit when Ubuntu fetches for the list of updates.

Also if you want to look at the list
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list


Why does Ubuntu 12.04 Boot To Black Screen after updating Chromium?

After some work, I managed to get the desktop back by following the directions here:

'mount: error while loading shared libraries: libudev.so.0 : no such file or directory' error while booting

In recovery, start a root shell and remount the partition read-write

mount -o remount,rw /

Install the missing package

apt-get install libudev

Reboot and all is OK


There are 2 possible options:

The pendrive has a physical lock; mosttimes it is a slider to prevent accidental deleting. We would need to know brand/make/model of that pendrive to be able to tell you if it has one (edit it into your question). Example with a random pendrive (see the "lock" on the side):

You need to mount the pendrive writable. How is the pendrive mounted? If it is automatic when inserting option 1 is probably true. If you manually mount it please provide the mount command; probably it has a "ro" option where you need a "rw".


Lock Keyboard For Baby (lk4b)
You need to have libgtk2-perl installed to run this.
To run the script, download the file on the linked page to a suitable location then run the command:
perl FILE

replacing FILE with the location of the downloaded file.
For information on available options run:
perl FILE --help


If you would just use apt-cache search package-name, all packages with "package-name" in it would be returned. To limit to a package named "package-name", use:

apt-cache search ^package-name$


Lenovo Ideapad 330 Ryzen 5 2500u Freeze issue Frequently

After doing a bit of research and refusing to recompile the graphics stack manually I found you need to do 2 things to almost completely resolve this issue:  set a cstate restriction parameter for the kernel in /etc/default/grub and update the AMD graphics driver.
Open Terminal and open the file for editing with root privileges, for example (if you don't have mousepad you could use nano)
sudo mousepad /etc/default/grub

Change the line beginning GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT= so that after your edit it includes the parameter intel_idle.max_cstate=1, for example mine says:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="ipv6.disable=1 intel_idle.max_cstate=1"

You can keep other parameters, such as quiet and splash which may be there already.
save and exit the text editor, and run this command to update the GRUB configuration:
sudo update-grub

Now add a PPA for AMD graphics drivers:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

Now reboot.
This solution should work for other flavors of Linux (ie mint, mx, manjaro etc...) and other AMD powered machines experiencing this issue.
Do not use screen lock or system suspend and you will most likely never have a freeze again!
When I choose to stop being lazy and resolve system lock freeze issues I will update this response.
AMD has not released any official proprietary drivers for Ubuntu 20.04 as of this posting, when and if they do, I would recommend trying them.