remove nvidia graphics card and use integrated intel graphics

If you don't want to install any extra packages, switching between the nVidia GPU (Performance Mode) and the Intel GPU (Power Saving Mode) could be achieved by using the NVIDIA X Server Settings, which has already been installed along with your driver.

First thing you will need to do is to find the NVIDIA X Server Settings application from your dash:

And go to the PRIME Profiles page

From there, after entering your password you will be able to switch between your GPUs:

The last step is to log out, and it's done!


SourcesList.eu today have reported that there is now a Burg PPA.

Before I continue - Remember BURG changes your Boot Loader.  Getting this wrong will stop Ubuntu from booting!

I've reproduced the relevant part of the article below to complete the answer:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:n-muench/burg

Then if you want to install burg execute:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install

sudo apt-get install burg burg-common burg-emu burg-pc burg-themes burg-themes-common

Then (supposing that you wannt to install burg into MBR relative to hard disk named sda) execute:

sudo burg-install /dev/sda && sudo update-burg

Now you can use burg-manager to install new themes and to configure it.


What is the function of sytemd's execstartpre directive?

As the service is started, the ExecStartPre runs before the service does.  In the command above it's creating a folder /run/uwsgi and then it sets the owner of that folder to the user sammy.

Per the manual...

  Putting sockets in /run/ On a modern system, /run/ is mounted as a
  tmpfs and is the right place to put sockets and pidfiles into.

I would venture to guess the way the tutorial explains to do it is deprecated.

You can find more information on running uWSGI with Systemd here...

http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Systemd.html


With the sudoers mechanism you can give specific privilege to a specific user or group.
To edit the /etc/sudoers file you need to use visudo.

e.g. to give or negate only some specific commands to the user igor you can add the line

 igor    ALL=(ALL) /bin/kill, /usr/bin/, !/usr/bin/apt-get

in this example the user igor can execute with sudo all the command in /usr/bin the command /bin/kill but not /usr/bin/apt-get.
The command’s paths are separated one from another by comma , and negated by !

To give or negate the root access to a group, for a set of commands you can add the line

 %geeks ALL = (root) /usr/bin/,!/usr/bin/apt-get,!/usr/bin/aptitude,!/usr/bin/dpkg

in this case you will give to the geeks group the root access to all the commands in /usr/bin with the exceptions of apt-get aptitude and dpkg.

To add to the group geeks the user igor  e.g. you can write

# sudo usermod -a -G geeks igor

Linux has inherited from UNIX the concept of ownerships and permissions for files.
This means that even without root access users belonging to the same group can share files among them and not with the rest of the world. With ls -l you will notice in the left part a string like this

-rw-r--r--   1  igor  geeks  1892  Jul 10  18:30 The_not_so_short.pdf

From left to right this string means -rwxrw-r-- that: (first position) is not a special file or directory (there is a dash - that means this attribute is off),rwx Read Write eXecute allowed to user himself (first block of 3), rw- Read Write No eXecute for the users of his group (second block of 3), r-- Read, No Write, No eXecute for the other users (third block of 3). It's possible to toggle each single attributes for each single file or directory.

To give instead to this group the possibility only to change directory regardless of the permission it's hard. It doesn't exists an executable command cd because each command is executed in a child process and can affect only its current working directory and not the parent's one. It's better explained here. So to change directory you need to give the possibility to execute a shell as root, and it means you are practically giving full privileges...

References and further readings:

man sudoers, man visudo and of course man sudo
How to give root access to a group for a few commands only
Linux / Unix Command: sudoers


Try >>

1) Restart the PC

2) Press F8 (continuously)

3) You will get a GRUB (drive's boot menu), You will see the Ubuntu option. ENTER it.
and YOUR DONE!!!!


I got it fixed.
First, we have to make sure that the user inside lxc container belongs to the group video. To do this, do the following: ( assuming user is named ubuntu )

sudo usermod -a -G video ubuntu

Then, add the following in the container config file i.e. /var/lib/lxc/mk7i_container/config. My container name is mk7i_container.

#Video DRI
lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 226:* rwm

##/dev/dri mounts
lxc.mount.entry = /dev/dri dev/dri none bind,optional,create=dir

Now, restart the container. And the graphics should work fine.


Is there an up-to-date VLC PPA for 10.04?

The PPA installable by sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ferramroberto/vlc has been set up due to the demise of c-korn and contains 1.1.4 currently. (Maverick contains 1.1.3 at present.)

For your information and future reference I found this by going to the Launchpad vlc Ubuntu package page and clicking on "Other versions of 'vlc' in untrusted archives".

Reference: How to use PPAs


I'm not too sure about setting Samba up on a server but the steps listed here worked for me to allow two Ubuntu pc's to share files with Windows pc's on my network.


This might be overkill for what you want,  but following the directions here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Postfix

and literally just copy pasting all commands and following the directions carefully should get you there.

I run 12.04 on three different systems and have set all of them up this way - i've had zero problems with mail().

I'm still a bit of a newbie at this, so like i said - it might be overkill for what you need.  Hope it helps though.


I like LibreCad for 2D work and FreeCad for 3D work. They work pretty nicely.


How to complete my URL header in .htaccess

Assuming Apache is already accepting requests to both the www subdomain and the domain apex (ie. example.com) then you can canonicalize the hostname to www using something like the following using mod_rewrite near the top of your .htaccess file in the document root.
RewriteEngine On

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example\.com [NC]
RewriteRule ^ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]

The above redirects any request of the form example.com/<anything> to http://www.example.com/<anything>. The REQUEST_URI server variable contains the full URL-path, including the slash prefix. Any query string that might be on the original request is passed through unchanged.
Test first with a 302 (temporary) redirect to avoid potential caching issues.

Maybe someone got to me via example.com, or www.example.com, or http://example.com, or even http://www.example.com.

NB: example.com and http://example.com are the same - the browser simply hides the protocol (and defaults to HTTP for most users). The same for www.example.com and http://www.example.com.

UPDATE:

when I just tried this out, the browser URL remains example.com

If you haven't done so already, you need to enable .htaccess overrides in the server config, otherwise the .htaccess file will simply be ignored.
In the appropriate <Directory> container inside the <VirtualHost> (or main server config) you need to set AllowOverride (the default is `None). For example:
<Directory /path/to/document-root>
    Options +FollowSymLinks
    Require all granted

    # Enable .htaccess overrides
    AllowOverride All
</Directory>

AND, if you haven't already, you need to enable mod_rewrite:

How to enable mod_rewrite for virtual host

Debugging .htaccess
You can increase the LogLevel (Apache 2.4+) in the server config to output debug information to the server's error log. For example, in the respective  <VirtualHost> container (or main server config):
LogLevel debug

This sets the "log level" for all modules. The default is LogLevel warn. To target just a specific module, such as mod_rewrite (used above) then you can specify just that module. eg. LogLevel rewrite:debug.
Reference:

https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#loglevel
https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/logs.html#permodule


GRUB refuses to reboot into a new kernal

According to the documentation the format is one of

GRUB_DEFAULT="Previous Linux versions>Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-18-generic-pae"
GRUB_DEFAULT="Previous Linux versions>0"
GRUB_DEFAULT="2>0"
GRUB_DEFAULT="2>Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-18-generic-pae"

Your screenshot instead shows

1>0 Ubuntu, with....

It lacks the GRUB_DEFAULT= part, the quotes "…", and is a
mixture of both numeric and textual item selection. Try

GRUB_DEFAULT="1>0"


Samsung SCX3405 MFP scanner not detected since upgrading to 20.04LTS. Printing function works. PC is HP8300

The Samsung SCX-3405 is actually a device made by HP. To get the scanner working, you'll probably need to do a couple of things:

Download the driver from HP
Manually edit your xerox_mfp.conf (don't worry about the xerox bit) to include a record for your scanner.

1 — Download the Driver from HP
If you haven't already installed the necessary driver for this printer, follow these steps. If the driver has already been installed, skip to the next section.

Visit HP's printer driver support page

Search for for: SCX-3405W
Note: If no results are returned, be sure to change the OS to "Linux" and "Ubuntu"
You should now see a page that looks like this:

Download the driver file

Open Terminal (if it's not already open) and verify that you're in the Downloads directory:
$ cd ~/Downloads

Expand the file
tar -zxvf uld_V1.00.39_01.17.tar.gz

Enter the new directory and install the driver:
$ cd uld
$ sudo ./install.sh

As an optional step, check to see if your scanner is detected after installing these drivers. If it is, then you needn't do the next section.
2 — Configure the Scanner
These steps assume that your SCX-3405 is operating independently on the network and not connected directly to your computer via USB:

Find the IP address of your printer by:• Opening Settings• Clicking on "Printers"• Clicking the gear icon for the Samsung• Choosing "Printer details"
This will open a modal form that will show the address of your printer, which will look something like 192.168.0.175

Edit the xerox_mfp.conf with sudo:
$ sudo vi /etc/sane.d/xerox_mfp.conf

Note: Use whichever text editor you are most comfortable with. It does not need to be vi. This is more muscle memory than an endorsement.

Add this to the bottom of the file:
# Samsung SCX-3405W, network mode
# tcp HOST_ADDR PORT
tcp 192.168.0.175 9400

Note: Be sure to replace 192.168.0.175 with the actual IP address of your printer, otherwise this will not work.

Save the file
⇢ If you're using vi, this can be done by pressing Esc, then W to Write, and Q to Quit.

Check to see if your scanner is detected. Sometimes it is necessary to log out and log back in before the scanner is seen, and sometimes it is not.

Hopefully, after all of this effort, you are able to see the scanner and use it properly


If your BIOS has an option to use the Integrated graphics chip, configure it to do so in order to disable the nvidia card -> lower temperature.

If you intend to use the discrete nvidia card sometimes, have a look at Bumblebee. See also Is a NVIDIA GeForce with Optimus Technology supported by Ubuntu?


Ubuntu 18.04 does not mount 2TB exFat drive even after installing exfat-fuse exfat-utils

Just press Ctrl+Alt+t and When your terminal appears, Type below command and boom:

sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils

Unplug your exFat external flash and then plug it again. This way settled my issue. Hope helps you.


I booted the previous kernel (3.13.0-58-generic) and it works again.  3.13.0-59 fails for me.


When booting, the kernel doesn't see the fstab file yet, so changing the file is not enough. The place the kernel takes information when booting is Grub (now Grub 2). But to modify the grub.cfg, you need first to know, what is the name of the root subvolume, you just created.

What exactly is the name of your root subvolume on the other drive? Make sure it is mounted, and check it with

sudo btrfs subvolume list /

You might want to change the name of that subvolume to something, that starts with "@" - its an Ubuntu convention - and it is mounted in the "root" directory of the btrfs partition.

Now, when you know what is the name of the root subvolume, go to /boot/grub/grub.cfg and change all references from "@" to the new name (including the possible path).

Now, if you want mount the given subvolume on the "root" directory of the btrfs, instead of as some directory under the existing subvolume, you need to follow this steps:

Mount your target btrfs partition manually, in e.g. /mnt/btrfs by using

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/btrfs

(assuming the partition holding the btrfs is /dev/sda2). This will mount the "root subvolume" - the default place to put the "@" Linux root subvolume, as well as "@home" and your brand new subvolume.

Go there (you will see all the already made , and make a copy of the already copied subvolume by

sudo btrfs subvolume snapshot  @mynewroot

The path to the copied root, is just the path where you have copied the root files.

Delete the originally-copied-but-placed-in-not-the-best-place subvolume by

sudo btrfs subvolume delete

Now, the last remark:

To make a copy of subvolume on the same btrfs partition you just need to do sudo btrfs subvolume snapshot <path to the copied root> @mynewroot (ideal, when you want to test in parallel many btrfs-based Linux distributions, but not own 1TB hard drive). In this case, after installing the next Linux OS on the same partition, as your Ubuntu (but on different root subvolume), try deduplicating it. If it is similar distribution (like Linux Mint), you will save a lot of space!

To copy between partitions, use btrfs send and btrfs receive - this will automatically preserve all links, and stuff; it is equivalent to dd, but will only copy the relevant information, and operate on a subvolumes, rather on the whole partitions.


See StackExchange question on this issue.

GDB uses python for scripting, but appears to have problems if you have built your own version of python. It finds your new python executable, but then tries to load the system python configuration, causing a mismatch. This seems to be a problem that applies more widely to other applications that embed python.


How to tell which installation guide is legit?

I think the best course of action is to pull up your boot-straps, run the installation program and post any questions here if you have a problem.

If you are concerned about a specific program / app / snap then post a question here. Hopefully those familiar with it will post an answer. At the very least some helpful souls will find some links of interest and post them as comments.

Asking for a list of all "doggy" programs is subjective. What is more practical is a list of programs that don't work in certain environments which might be applicable to some and irrelevant to others.


Dual boot Ubuntu for Android on my Galaxy Note 2?

No. Ubuntu alongside android was not released. Most probably ubuntu edge going to be the first device (if the funding succeed).


Nvidia persistence daemon causes boot hang

The issue turns out to have multiple answers. Here's what you should do:

Check journalctl -xr |grep -iA50 nvidia. A50 means you are looking for 50 lines before the fail event. It's the best way to triangulate the error.

In my case, nvidia caused 4 issues. Each emerges after I fix the one above it.

Persistence daemon service file in /lib/systemd/system/nvidia-persistenced.service has a line called Before=systemd-backlight@backlight:nvidia_0.service. For some reasons systemd can't parse this line.
I have swap on a different disk. fstab and fsck doesn't wait long enough to mount the / and swap partition so it hangs or go into emergency mode. I changed the timeout for mount x-systemd.mount-timeout=5s and it passes.
Apparently verbose logging of systemd also causes boot to go into emergency mode. Probably an ubuntu bug.
Multiple services fail after startup finished (Cisco VPN, libvirtd, NetworkManager).

In all cases, I can't get a TTY with Ctrl + Alt + F2. The hint is the services fail and hang after this line:
systemd[1]: Startup finished in 4.324s (kernel) + 21.391s (userspace) = 25.716s.

systemd-analyze blame shows nothing is causing the abnormal wait time. I interpreted it as the stem finished starting up but somehow couldn't get to the login screen, and that means gdm or lightdm has issue. I have gdm.
I just google gdm nvidia, read /var/log/Xorg.0.log and found the some links to Xorg and Wayland issue. I ended up following this link: https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-disable-wayland-and-enable-xorg-display-server-on-ubuntu-18-04-bionic-beaver-linux
This solution doesn't have any nvidia keyword, so google can't find it: WaylandEnable=false
If these don't work. Just press Ctrl+Alt+Del to repeatedly trigger a reboot. It'll work eventually. Less work to fix it permanently and doesn't physically damage your HDD.
Edit: the gdm issue returned. I changed the run-level to 5 (run-level 3 + display manager). I haven't seen an issue since except it takes a bit longer to get gdm up. This also fixed the DVXK issue after Ubuntu returns from sleep.
Lesson: google only helps you solve specific issues. If your problem touches multiple issues then you need to learn to read the system log and fix one by one. See how many tag I put on this question :D could have added more: xorg, gdm, fstab, swap, fsck


Printer not "enabled" - Samsung ML-2010 - Ubuntu LTS 16.04

Try the following:

Get your printer usb device id with lsusb command in shell
Open /etc/default/tlp with any text editor under sudo
Uncomment line 178 and paste your printer usb device id, and the line should look like:

USB_BLACKLIST="04e8:3292"

This will prevent printer from begin auto-suspended


What should one do on encountering a frozen login screen after a suspend?

*Fisrt off I do not guarantee this will work; so use at your own risk.

You First need to create a script in /etc/pm/sleep.d/  It can be any name but to ensure the load order, use the prefix 20_.

Login as a root user and create a file:

gksudo gedit /etc/pm/sleep.d/20_custom-ehci_hcd  /etc/pm/sleep.d/20_custom-ehci_hcd

Now you can insert this code int the file you have created.

 VERSION=1.1
    DEV_LIST=/tmp/usb-dev-list
    DRIVERS_DIR=/sys/bus/pci/drivers
    DRIVERS="ehci xhci" # ehci_hcd, xhci_hcd
    HEX="[[:xdigit:]]"
    MAX_BIND_ATTEMPTS=2
    BIND_WAIT=0.1

    unbindDev() {
    echo -n > $DEV_LIST 2>/dev/null
    for driver in $DRIVERS; do

    DDIR=$DRIVERS_DIR/${driver}_hcd
    for dev in `ls $DDIR 2>/dev/null | egrep "^$HEX+:$HEX+:$HEX"`; do
    echo -n "$dev" > $DDIR/unbind
    echo "$driver $dev" >> $DEV_LIST

    done
    done
    }

    bindDev() {
    if [ -s $DEV_LIST ]; then
    while read driver dev; do
    DDIR=$DRIVERS_DIR/${driver}_hcd
    while [ $((MAX_BIND_ATTEMPTS)) -gt 0 ]; do
     echo -n "$dev" > $DDIR/bind
    if [ ! -L "$DDIR/$dev" ]; then
    sleep $BIND_WAIT
    else
    break
    fi
    MAX_BIND_ATTEMPTS=$((MAX_BIND_ATTEMPTS-1))
    done
    done < $DEV_LIST
    fi
    rm $DEV_LIST 2>/dev/null
    }

    case "$1" in
    hibernate|suspend) unbindDev;;
    resume|thaw)  bindDev;;
    esac

Now add executable permission:

sudo chmod 755 /etc/pm/sleep.d/20_custom-ehci_hcd

And Reboot... Suspend should work as expected...


Installing VMware on ubuntu 14.04 help needed

Right click to .bundle file >> properties >> permission. and select "all to execute program"

open terminal terminal go to folder you have vmware file. considering in download folder

eg. cd Downloads

now type :- sudo ./VMware-Player-3.1.6-744570.x86_64.bundle


Upstart service not starting when a service it depends on starts

Change your start stanza to 'or' like so:

start on ( started A or started B )

Then add a pre-start script that checks whether both services are running, and abort the start if they aren't. Something like:

pre-start script
  if [ -z `status A | grep running` ] || [ -z `status B | grep running` ]; then
    stop ; exit 0
  fi
end script

See the 'pre-start' section of the cookbook. There's probably a better way to check if a service is running, but this works for me. Adapt to suit your needs.


11.04, 11.10, 12.04 won't boot under AMD FX-6100 with nVidia GeForce card

I also had this problem when I was upgrading. As far as I know, it has nothing to do with the graphics card. To fix this, you need to have a bootable Ubuntu Live USB or Live CD. Once you have booted into Ubuntu from the Live CD/USB, run the following command in the Terminal: sudo apt-get install gparted. After you have installed Gparted, open it up from the Dash, and select your hard drive from the top right-hand corner of Gparted.

Your screen should look something like the image above. You need to locate the partition that you have installed Ubuntu on. The filesystem of the partition should be ext3. In the image above, the partition Ubuntu is installed on would be /dev/sda3, because the filesystem is ext3. Now the you have found the partition that you have Ubuntu installed on, you need to run the commands below in the Terminal. Make sure to replace /dev/sda1 with the Ubuntu partition you saw in Gparted.

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/myroot

sudo mount ‐‐bind /dev /mnt/myroot/dev

sudo mount ‐‐bind /proc /mnt/myroot/proc

sudo mount ‐‐bind /sys /mnt/myroot/sys

sudo chroot /mnt/myroot

Now, run apt-get install -f. This should fix the errors encountered before, and complete the upgrade. Once apt-get install -f has finished running, you can reboot your computer and remove the Live CD/USB.


If syslog shows that job is being called then it could be a path issue.
Try to put the whole path /usr/bin/screen in script instead of just screen command.
#!/bin/bash
# cd /home/<username>/jupyternb
 /usr/bin/screen -S jupyter -dm jupyter notebook

Also you need to have end of line after each line in crontab, if that is the last line and there is no end of line character, job will not start.
Try checking with mail command for system mail of root user, or use MAILTO= in cron to get email which might have more details if something is failing when cron is run.


How do I access my hard drive? (not running dual boot)

Hello and welcome to AskUbuntu.

Use gparted to open a very useful interface that will allow you to format the drive in any way you want (create new partitions, merge or move existing ones, etc.).  When you go through the options, format it to EXT4 (latest linux standard) and make sure you tick the option to mount it when starting up the computer.  You will have to give it a specific mount point, say /media or /backup.  This you will access through the file manager using that folder name.  Note, however, that this will create a separate disc partition.

Instead, if you are new to linux, what I would suggest is that you grow the current disc partition to include that space.  If you already created partitions when you started (typically swap, / and /home will be the fundamental partitions) I suggest you append the extra space to /home.

Warning: the procedure of either creating a new partition or appending the space to an existing partition will delete ALL the files currently in that partition.  This process is irreversible.

GParted should be installed by default.  Here is some additional information about GParted.


How to put an image and some text to .doc file via command-line?

You may use python-docx to create MS Word document by creating an intermediate script to handle the shell arguments.

Install required libraries:

sudo apt-get install python-pip libxslt1-dev python-lxml
sudo pip install python-docx

Write the intermediate script and let's name it docx-gen

#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches

if __name__=="__main__":
    document = Document()
    document.add_heading(sys.argv[2], 0)
    document.add_paragraph(sys.argv[3])
    document.add_picture(sys.argv[4],width=Inches(6.0))
    document.add_page_break()
    document.save(sys.argv[1])
    sys.exit(0)

Give it the right permissions

chmod +x docx-gen

Use it locally

./docx-gen demo.docx "Title" "A paragraph with few words." ~/Pictures/snapshot1.png

or copy it to the system bin folder:

sudo cp docx-gen /usr/local/bin/

then to use it:

docx-gen demo.docx "Title" "A paragraph with few words." ~/Pictures/snapshot1.png

Reference:

I just modified its example, see its official documentation.

Notes:

The script does not include any input check, just to keep it simple.
Used fixed width of 6 inches, you may add it to input arguments too.


Seeing the output of an already running program?

Start your application or command via

command &

and don't use Ctrl-C. You will see the output until you close the terminal.

Bring the command back into foreground with

fg

Example

Create a simple script, e.g.

#!/bin/bash
while true; do
    echo foo
    sleep 5
done

Start the script, the program will output the word foo. After some time I entered echo bar, followed by fg and Ctrl-C to terminate the script.

$ ./foo &
[1] 29544
$ foo
foo
foo
echo bar
bar
$ foo
foo
fg
[1]  + 29544 running    ./foo
foo
^C


why unity 8 not any work, Is it illusion?

Unity 8 works very well on Ubuntu touch. I am writing at the moment with unity 8.
But it is in beta right now. I think it is supporting only a small range of drivers now.

If you wanna see unity 8 in action, just watch videos for example on youtube.


Can we create Virtual machine using Command?

Yes this is perfectly possible with vagrant and minimal setup(note: some config files are needed).

I assume you're using vmware for this?
you can find everything you'll need here:
https://www.vagrantup.com/vmware

If using virtualbox is fine too, just go to:
https://www.vagrantup.com/

And when using vagrant, the next step would be using it in combination with ansible,which is a Desired State configuration tool, provisioner, config management,.. or from the ansible site:

Ansible is a radically simple IT automation engine that automates cloud provisioning, configuration management, application deployment, intra-service orchestration, and many other IT needs.


"Another web server is already running." seems to obvious to me. Please "stop" the current one before starting it. So ...

sudo /opt/lampp/lampp stop
sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start

or if it supplies it ...

sudo /opt/lampp/lampp restart


Reset gThumb right panel size to default

You can remove its user config files and it will reset back to default view.

rm -rf ~/.gconf/apps/gthumb

and

rm -rf ~/.config/gthumb


How do I burn a bootable install disk that my MacBook Pro can read?

Which ISO did you try?
I think only the x86_64 is efi bootable.

Installed 15.10 from usb on a MacBookPro5.3 recently - everything except wifi and the nvidia 9400M, 9600M GT combo worked. Had to boot with nomodeset to get unaccelerated graphics to work (accelerated works with nvidia drivers).


Reset the settings, open terminal Ctrl+Alt+T and run this command

gsettings reset com.canonical.Unity.Devices blacklist


How do I install Inventory Management Software?

Looking at the package, you need to have php5, mysql, and php5-mysql. You also need to have a webserver installed that can serve the pages in the package. Most people tend to use Apache, which can be installed with apache2. Don't forget that you will also need the PHP5 plugin for Apache, so Apache knows how to handle PHP files. You can install that with libapache2-mod-php5.

Basically:

sudo apt-get install php5 mysql-server php5-mysql apache2 libapache2-mod-php5 libapache2-mod-auth-mysql

After that, you will need to setup Apache with the configuration that you would like it to run, such as where it should serve files from. I believe Apache2 defaults to using /var/www these days. You will also have to setup the PHP5 and MySQL extensions in Apache2.

You will also need PHPMyAdmin installed, unless you want to import the site.sql file manually. You can install PHPMyAdmin with:

sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin

If you'd rather not install PHPMyAdmin, you can always just import the site.sql file through MySQL on the command line. Taken straight from the manpages of MySQL:

sudo apt-get install mysql-client
mysql db_name < script.sql > output.tab

There is an article here that covers installing the LAMP stack on Ubuntu.


Find-move-replace files from /folder1 to /folder1/sub-folders

I'm not sure what you're asking, but you could do something like this:

Let's say you're in a directory in which you've folders folder1 and files A, B and A123, A456, A789.

You can move a file using the command:

mv A folder1

This moves file A to folder1

mv A* folder1

This moves files A123, A456 and A789 to folder1.

If you want to move those files to a subfolder of folder1, let's say subfolder1, just do:

mv A* folder1/subfolder1


Is there a Gnome applet for IMAP mail accounts?

It is not a real gnome applet per se,  but you can use gnubiff, it sits near the clock, in the notification/indicator applet:

  gnubiff checks for mail within a file,
  a qmail or MH style dir,  or an IMAP4
  or POP3 or APOP server.  It can
  display headers (number,  sender,
  subject, and date) when new mail has
  arrived.  While gnubiff is
  implemented as a GNOME panel applet,
  it also runs as an  independent icon
  on the desktop in other environments.


Ubuntu server 16.04.01 no internet connection

Do not try an older version of Ubuntu; it won't work there either until you fix the /etc/network/interfaces file.

In your ifconfig you have neither an eth0 nor wlan0 so these lines are meaningless.

Every wireless interface requires the name of the SSID to which you wish to connect as well as the password, assuming the network is encrypted, as it should be.

I suggest you set up /etc/network/interfaces something like:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto wlo1
iface wlo1 inet static
address 192.168.1.150
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
wpa-ssid <your_router>
wpa-psk <your_wpa_key>
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 192.168.1.1

Be sure to select a static address outside the range used by the DHCP server in the router, switch or other access point. Of course, substitute your details here. I recommend that servers use a static IP address so that you can later find it with ssh and ftp.

Get the system to read and use the changes:

sudo ifdown wlo1 && sudo ifup -v wlo1

Did you connect?

ping -c3 192.168.1.1
ping -c3 www.ubuntu.com

If your wireless is hard-blocked, it is probably because the helper module hp-wmi doesn't properly translate key presses into action; in your case, 'turn on the wireless, please.'

You can remove the module temporarily to see if it helps:

sudo modprobe -r hp-wmi
sudo rfkill unblock all
rfkill list all

If it helps, we can blacklist the module.

Since 16.04.1 is the latest stable kernel version and, presumably, the latest version of hp-wmi, it will do no good to look for a later Ubuntu version. As an off chance, you might try an earlier version, 14.04, to see if hp-wmi works as expected. You should be able to verify that it works or not by running a live session.

Finally, you can try the famous pin 13 trick: http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/UserDocs/MiniPCI#MaskingPin13

If you are thinking of getting a USB wireless device, I can assure you that I have worked on more than a few cases where rfkill also blocked USB wireless.

In any case, I'd suggest that you register and file a bug report against hp-wmi: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ReportingBugs


How can I improve the CPU performance when I watch something on Twitch in Firefox?

So I decided to mark this as an answer because there doesn't seem to be a way for the user to improve things when watching Twitch in a browser.

After further research, I found for myself that it's more feasible to look for other methods to mitigate Twitch's poor performance overall.
Here is the alternative method which makes it possible to watch a video stream in VLC.
I found this guide on xmodulo.com, initially via linux.com:

FIRST THINGS FIRST

You can paste into the terminal via Ctrl + Shift + V. This should make life a bit easier for you, when you just want to start it up real quick. No need to type it out or use the mouse.
Twitch supports timecodes! You can start a video at the 4th minute by adding ?t=4m at the end of the URL.

Livestreamer is a command line interface (CLI) client which, upon given a streaming URL, retrieves live streaming video from the URL, and pipes it into a native video player running on local host. So with Livestreamer, you can enjoy live streaming from various sources via a much stable and lightweight video player such as VLC or mplayer, without opening a web browser. Currently, Livestreamer supports streaming from over 20 different web sites including Dailymotion, YouTube Live, Twitch/Justin.tv, Livestream and UStream.

Install Livestreamer on Ubuntu

$ sudo apt-get install python-pip
$ sudo pip install livestreamer

By default, Livestreamer attempts to pipe streaming video into VLC player. Thus you also need to install VLC player on your Linux system:

$ sudo apt-get install vlc

Watch Live Streaming from the Command Line with Livestreamer

To watch any live streaming channel/program, first obtain its corresponding URL from its official site.

For example, let's say the URL for the live streaming content that you want to watch is http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vw4KVoEVcr.

To check available streaming quality (i.e., bitrate) of the given content, simply run livestreamer command with the URL:

$ livestreamer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vw4KVoEVcr0

The output for that is

[cli][info] Found matching plugin youtube for URL http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vw4KVoEVcr0
Available streams: 144p (worst), 240p, 360p (best)

To watch a live stream in the best available quality, run livestreamer command in the following format. This will automatically launch VLC player, and streaming will start on VLC:

$ livestreamer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4Pw3ofFWgs best

To watch a live stream in specific streaming quality (e.g., 360p), run livestreamer as follows:

$ livestreamer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4Pw3ofFWgs 360p

If you have your own favorite streaming player, you can let Livestreamer launch the player instead of default VLC, as follows:

$ livestreamer --player=mplayer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4Pw3ofFWgs 360


ubuntu-gnome-16.04.3-desktop-amd64 USB installation problem

I fixed the problem by removing quiet splash with nomodeset in the Install Ubuntu Parameters


XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP shows KDE even though I'm running gnome (in some apps)

A colleague put me on the right track, and then this post filled in the blanks.

I'm using spacemacs and it "caches" your environment the first time you start it in ~/.spacemacs.env.

Removing the file:

$ rm ~/.spacemacs.env

and then asking spacemacs to recreate it with:

[M-x] spacemacs/force-init-spacemacs-env

resolved the issue.

Further reading


How to undo things in Gnome desktop. CTRL+z not working in Ubuntu 19.04?

Finally I've found an answer to this! It'e extremely annoying and I don't understand why this question seems to be so uncommon (I didn't find anyone asking this, lt alone commenting on this!).

The problem is with the Desktop Icons Extension. It does provide icons in the desktop, but in a weird way that its most annoying.

The solution? UNINSTALL IT FIRST and then install Desktop Icons NG (DING) by rastersoft.

That did solved my issue.


How to revert back to fglrx-updates driver?

On the black screen, press Ctrl+Alt+F2.
Login with your username.
sudo service lightdm stop
sudo apt-get purge fglrx*
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates
Restart typing sudo shutdown -r now


Only show current workspace applications in Avant Window Navigator

I am not using Avant now (in 11.04), so, cannot check for sure, but in 10.10 I used it instead of the gnome panel: unless something has recently changed, there is an option in Preferences (right click > Dock preferences) under General that says something like "Show windows from all viewports". If you uncheck it, it will show windows from one workspace only.


How to install flareGet_1.0-1(beta)_deb_rpm.tar.gz?

Tutorial: Step by Step

Go to http://www.flareget.com/download/ and download the newest version of the program.
After download finished you will have a .tar.gz file, but note that this is not the source code.
Extract it with a right click and choosing "Extract Here", after that you'll see a two folders: one called "debs" and another called "RPMS", open the "debs" folder. Or if you'd like to use the Terminal to do that you can run the following command:

$ tar xzvf flareget_[version]_deb_rpm.tar.gz
If your system is 32 bits install the package flareGet_[version]i386.deb, else if it's 64 bits install the package flareget[version]_amd64.deb.
In both cases to install it you can use GDebi Package Installer, by right clicking on the package and choosing "GDebi Package Installer" or from the Terminal with the following command:

Go to the folder "debs".

32 bits:

$ sudo dpkg -i flareget_[version]_i386.deb

64 bits:

$ sudo dpkg -i flareget_[version]_amd64.deb


Is it possible to install libXft.so.2 on WSL?

I suspect it is not a package, rather it's a file—precisely file provided by some package.

Looking up libxFt.so.2 in packages.ubuntu.com yield libxft2 package, so install it as follow.

sudo apt-get install libxft2

You can then check the file availability through locate.

:~$ locate libXft.so.2
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXft.so.2
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXft.so.2.3.2


First make sure that's actually installed and usable:
emulator -accel-check
Also make sure that you're using hugepages and it's running. Check out this page:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/KVM


Broadcom BCM4312 wireless card does not work in 11.04 but did (out of the box) in 10.10

The STA driver in 11.04 doesn't work due to a kernel issue. You will have to install the B43xx firmware. Just install firmware-b43-installer from the software center or synaptic.

You can also do it from the command line.

sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer


With some help from Gunnars comment I found the answer.

When I viewed

/etc/default/keyboard

To see my current locale keyboard setting in XKBLAYOUT.

So I got back to.

/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/

And changed both pc and my locale file that I found in above XKBLAYOUT setting.

From

key <LSGT>  { [      less,     greater,         bar,    brokenbar ] };

To

key <TLDE>  { [      less,     greater,         bar,    brokenbar ] };

Did a

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xkb-data

Singed out and back in and now its working. And the key is remapped.
(Not really sure why I had to change both pc and locale file, I tought pc file would have precedence over the locale file)


Installed kmix, via kmix I could click on manage audio devices and it showed up.


Upstart will send SIGKILL (as in, kill -9) after 5 seconds of waiting for a pre-stop or the signal sent to the main process.

Use

kill timeout 10

To give yourself 10 seconds to die. You actually can't give yourself longer than that because the shutdown will only wait 10 seconds for any processes to die off before completely shutting down anyway. To make sure your VM is stopped before the full system shutdown begins:

Use this:

stop on starting rc RUNLEVEL=[016]

This will make sure that your VM is fully stopped before the system begins the normal shutdown routine (though the kill timeout is still in effect, so raise that too!)

Also, your SUPER complex start on isn't really necessary at all, though it seems you've copied it from gdm or lightdm.

If you just want your VM to be running whenever the display manager is running, this is far simpler:

start on started lightdm or started gdm


Ubuntu 13.10 cannot Detect any Partition

You've got an extended partition (/dev/sda4) that overlaps with a primary partition (/dev/sda3). This is illegal. This sort of thing can sometimes be fixed by my FixParts program, but in this specific case, I don't believe it will do the job except by deleting at least one partition. The reason is that, as FixParts does it, both /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda3 must be primary partitions, and their ordering on the disk means that you can't have both of them be primary and have an extended partition that covers all the remaining partitions.

It's possible that a commercial Windows tool will be able to handle the job in one operation, but I can't make any specific recommendations on this score. It might be worth asking on a Windows forum, since this seems to be a Windows disk (all partitions are either FAT or NTFS).

If you must attempt a repair within Ubuntu, I'd do the following:

Back up /dev/sda7.
Launch fixparts on the disk. It will probably present a solution with one or more partitions omitted (that is, that fixparts will delete when you save the table).
Use the fixparts options to juggle which partitions are omitted until only the current /dev/sda7 is omitted.
Save the partition table in fixparts.
Using fdisk, parted, or GParted, create a new partition in the space occupied by the current /dev/sda7.
Restore the backed-up data to /dev/sda7.

Another option is to try the repair using sfdisk. IIRC, this tool is more flexible than FixParts in its logical partition layout, so you might be able to make all the partitions from /dev/sda5 through /dev/sda8 (including /dev/sda3) logical. I can't promise that sfdisk will work, though; I might not be remembering its capabilities correctly.


How do I fill certain percentage by height of an image using ImageMagick commands in ubuntu?

I achieved the goal by calculating the height, taking percentage (approximate) of the image's height and filling a white rectangle.

# A tool to fill up 10% of the bottom of given image
# by white color. Useful to remove unnecessary colors
# at the bottom of image.
# Usage: this_script.sh required_image.jpg

#!/bin/bash
image="$1"
right=$(identify -format %w "$image");
bottom=$(identify -format %h "$image");
top=$(expr $bottom \* 9 / 10 | bc);
left=0

convert "$image" -fill white -draw "rectangle ${left},${top},${right},${bottom}" "$image"

This can be automated for several images in a folder like:

for img in *.jpg; do bash <script.sh> "$img"; done


"no secrets were provided" when trying to connect to wifi

I had the same problem with kubuntu the next command fixed my problem which simply changes the regulatory domain
sudo iw reg set US

just change the  US  to your country code


Open-source ATI drivers&problems with gaming

Hmm...

After some intensive research&digging, I am now strongly under the impression that the latest ATI proprietary drivers for ubuntu don't work with the 3.5 kernel and LTS 12.04.2.

Only options are to revert to the older kernel version or to wait for driver updates from ATI. There is hope, of course, that the OS ATI drivers will come up to speed in running games.

I hope this saves the time and frustration for people with similar issues.


Download this package and install it with

sudo dpkg -i ResolutionX_1.0-0.deb

The description on the Sourceforge page provides some information about what it does, and the resolutions supported - if your required resolution is included, give it a shot :)

NOTE ResolutionX is a graphical frontend to randr, so if randr doesn't work with your PC, then the above won't, either.


I don't see a question, but your original file is gone, unrecoverable, deleted. You will have to execute commands again.


Tilting backspace on Chrome or Chromium disables keyboard

The same thing happens to me. Apparently, if you replace iBus with Fcitx it will fix the issue. Also, if you enter ibus restart from command line it will make it work again.

I found this solution here Keybord input not work in Chromium 34 Ubuntu 14.04 aura (260972) [using Fcitx would avoid this issue]


Is using PepperFlash plugin unsafe because it isnt open source?

Being open source does not necessarily mean the code is going to be scrutinized by the public, or that it will be fully audited and properly scrutinized, even if it is. It simply means that it can be.

For Flash, you don't have much choice. There are some open source Flash plug-ins, but a very large number of sites just won't work in them, as the sites will require much newer versions of Flash. Whether you are using the Pepper based plug-in that Google builds in Chrome (Chromium is open source and will not include the Flash plug-in), or the last supported version of the Adobe Flash plug-in that is available, you are still using proprietary software. The only true way to not use proprietary software is to not use Flash at all.


Alternative way to download and install Ubuntu Touch (dual boot) on Nexus 4

The system-image server is running at: https://system-image.ubuntu.com/pool/


Does bumblebee configure your xserver to use the dedicated GPU?

Bumblebee has two components:

Power Management (PM)
Enable you to use the dedicated GPU

The PM component puts the Nvidia card in the D3 state to save power when Bumblebee thinks that you do not need the dedicated GPU.

The second component (which you are asking about) is accomplished by starting a X server that binds to the Nvidia card. Each client that wants to render something on the Nvidia card needs this X server for rendering. Since this server is headless, you won't see anything until it is drawn to a display. The desktop that you run on the Intel GPU is used for displaying the rendered frames. In order to transfer the frames from the rendering X server to the displaying X server, a bridge such VirtualGL or primus is needed.

ASCII art that shows the architecture when three different applications are running using both primus and virtualgl as transport:

  |   rendering X server (Nvidia)     |
   \================++=============++/
    ||              ||             ||
VirtualGL-\    /--primus       /-primus
    ||     \  /     ||        |    ||
|glxgears|  ||  |glxgears|    |  |java|
            ||                |
   /========++================+======\
  |     displaying X server (Intel)   |

So no, you cannot use optirun startx or something to draw your full desktop on the Nvidia card. Remember that the Nvidia GPU is headless, rendering something on the nvidia card and then transporting it back for displaying on the same headless GPU is quite useless. If you have an external monitor, it might be possible (varies between hardware) to render/display everything on that screen (see Bumblebee wiki).

You may also be interested in http://wiki.bumblebee-project.org/FAQ


Haha that's what's supposed to happen; it's not a glitch. It did take me a little while to get the right spot, but you have to move the mouse around until the picture is clear.


How to get a program to startup at start if it requires sudo to start

I think it's not possible without configuring sudo to let the user launch the program without a password (through /etc/sudoers and the NOPASSWD option), which can be considered like a more or less important security risk depending on the program involved.

The best that can be done is to instruct sudo to restrict this to a single user, and only for that particular program, with a line like:

my_user ALL = (root:root) NOPASSWD: /path/to/my_program


First of all, you should really check what the log from Rufus says, as it will give you an error code that you can check. Just click on the last blue button that appears left of Start to access the log.

Also, please be mindful that there exist a comprehensive FAQ for Rufus, that has a specific entry for this error telling you what you should do.

If I were to take a guess, I'd say that you probably enabled the Controlled Folder Access feature from Windows Defender, which of course prevents anything but whitelisted applications (such as the native ones from Microsoft) from partitioning a drive. So you will either have to disable Controlled Folder Access or whitelist Rufus. However, without seeing the error from Rufus' log, it's impossible to say what your issue might be. For instance the FAQ also has a list of applications that, similarly to Controlled Folder Access, may prevent partitioning access to a drive.

So, the answer here really is: check the Rufus FAQ and follow the advice it gives you.


"Warnings" while creating user with adduser

It is apparently not a problem.

Accessing the local user, group and passwd file is simple enough, but if you want lookups to include ldap, or nis over the network it can be useful to have a caching daemon to speed things up.  It is this caching mechanism that is reporting these misleading messages to you.

See the man page on nscd (or similar).


What do I share when I connect to a public wireless network

That depends on type of network. I assume here a usual LAN, where each device is able to ping each another, as it shares the most information.

MAC address. You must share it to be able to use DHCP. At the very moment you're connected to a network with DHCP, the system should send DHCPDISCOVERY, which is an ask to assign an IP to given MAC address. This message is broadcast, so every computer on the network would see it.

You can actually configure the system to not use DHCP, and assign a IP statically. Then MAC address might leak upon ARP name resolution in between physically connected devices too. Note that you almost always can fake your MAC (excluding when your network card doesn't support it, which is utterly rare).
IP address. Upon any network activity, like using a browser or playing games, your browser sends TCP or UDP packets to a gateway, and this traffic is publicily seen, and could be sniffed. Yeah, including data, like passwords — this is why all the cool kids are using https ;)
Hostname. Afaik Ubuntu has Avahi installed by default, which implements zero configuration protocol, which shares hostname.
OS. It's easy to scan a device with nmap to know what OS it running, by no way it is a hidden info.

Note, that ideally you have to use Firewall (i.e. UFW), otherwise it's also easy to scan your open ports with nmap, and find out what services you have running.


Blueman connection error (bluetooth issue)

I had to unpair/pair my device again. Restarting bluetooth service didn't help.


grep error only when creating variable out of results

It was pointed out by steeldriver that the use of backticks for command substitution has been deprecated.

When I use this form:

  test=$(cat junk|grep -Po '"loc":.*?[^\\]",')

It works as intended.


Command output is not redirected to file

Those are error messages. The standard is to write normal output to the STDOUT stream, which you can redirect with >, and to write error messages to the STDERR stream which is redirected with 2>.
Without redirecting, both STDOUT and STDERR end up on the terminal without a way for you to tell what's what.
So if you want your error messages to end up in testout redirect them with
rgy_check -vobs 2> testout
However, from your question, I suppose that testout needs to get the normal output. You could do something like:
rgy_check -vobs > testout 2> testerr
If you need to grep the STDERR stream, this is a little trick to do so:
rgy_check -vobs 2>&1  > testout | grep something
This will first redirect STDERR to the same file descriptor as STDOUT, then redirect STDOUT (but not STDERR) to the file testout, then pipe the STDERR output to the grep command.


If you installed flareget from here using the DEB package, you have to run

sudo apt-get remove flareget

Other download managers: What download managers are available for Ubuntu?


`pip install pygame` produces `Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-vD9diA/pygame/`

I've gotten it mostly working now, so I'll leave this here for the next weary traveller.

The following command made it executable:

% sudo apt-get install git python-dev python-numpy python-opengl \
    libsdl-image1.2-dev libsdl-mixer1.2-dev libsdl-ttf2.0-dev libsmpeg-dev \
    libsdl1.2-dev libportmidi-dev libswscale-dev libavformat-dev libavcodec-dev \
    libtiff5-dev libx11-6 libx11-dev fluid-soundfont-gm timgm6mb-soundfont \
    xfonts-base xfonts-100dpi xfonts-75dpi xfonts-cyrillic fontconfig fonts-freefont-ttf \
    libfreetype6-dev

To test it, I used:

% git clone https://github.com/pygame/pygame.git
% sudo apt install libsdl2-config #to resolve missing dependencies error I got from `python setup.py build` inside ~/pygame
% python -m pygame.tests

pygame.tests only sort of worked, but at this point I've switched to Raspbian and moved on so I'm not gonna wrestle with it further. Here's the lengthy output of pygame.tests:

pygame 1.9.6
Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html
skipping pygame.tests.cdrom_test (tag 'interactive')
skipping pygame.tests.midi_test (tag 'interactive')
skipping pygame.tests.touch_test (tag 'SDL1_ignore')
loading pygame.tests.base_test
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
                                                      ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
  ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
                                                                                ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
                                                ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
            ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
                                                      ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
  ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
                                                                                ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
                                                ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
            ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
                                                      ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
  ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
                                                                                ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
                                                ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
            ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
                                                      ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
  ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
                                                                                ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
                                                ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
            ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
                                                      ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
  ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
                                                                                ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
                                                ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
            ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
loading pygame.tests.blit_test
loading pygame.tests.bufferproxy_test
loading pygame.tests.camera_test
loading pygame.tests.color_test
loading pygame.tests.compat_test
loading pygame.tests.constants_test
loading pygame.tests.cursors_test
loading pygame.tests.display_test
loading pygame.tests.draw_test
loading pygame.tests.fastevent_test
loading pygame.tests.font_test
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
                                                      ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
  ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
                                                                                ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
                                                ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
            ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
loading pygame.tests.ftfont_test
loading pygame.tests.image__save_gl_surface_test
loading pygame.tests.image_test
                               loading pygame.tests.imageext_test
                                                                 loading pygame.tests.joystick_test
                                                                                loading pygame.tests.key_test
          ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
                                                                   ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
                                                                ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
            ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
    ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
                                                                   ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
                                                          ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
                      ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
loading pygame.tests.mask_test
loading pygame.tests.math_test
loading pygame.tests.mixer_music_test
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
loading pygame.tests.mixer_test
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
loading pygame.tests.mouse_test
loading pygame.tests.overlay_test
loading pygame.tests.pixelarray_test
loading pygame.tests.pixelcopy_test
loading pygame.tests.rect_test
loading pygame.tests.rwobject_test
loading pygame.tests.scrap_test
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
                                                      ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
  ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
                                                                                ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
                                                ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
            ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
loading pygame.tests.surfarray_test
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
                                                      ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
  ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
                                                                                ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
                                                         ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
                                                ALSA lib conf.c:5007:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
            ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
loading pygame.tests.surflock_test
loading pygame.tests.sysfont_test
loading pygame.tests.threads_test
loading pygame.tests.time_test
loading pygame.tests.transform_test
loading pygame.tests.version_test
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/runpy.py", line 174, in _run_module_as_main
    "__main__", fname, loader, pkg_name)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/runpy.py", line 72, in _run_code
    exec code in run_globals
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pygame/tests/__main__.py", line 131, in <module>
    run_and_exit(*args, **kwds)
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pygame/tests/test_utils/run_tests.py", line 340, in run_and_exit
    total, fails = run(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pygame/tests/test_utils/run_tests.py", line 300, in run
    'total: %d != untrusty_total: %d' % (total, untrusty_total))
AssertionError: Something went wrong in the Test Machinery:
total: 974 != untrusty_total: 979


stop ignore message N: Ignoring file '20auto-upgrades.merge-error' in directory '/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/

This is a system file. For renaming or moving such a file you need granted rights.
And you do not want move it directly under /home.

sudo mv /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades.merge-error $HOME


Broken unity / compiz on an ATI Mobility Radeon HD3650

This worked for me:

  The Unity plugin box is not checked in CCSM by default. Login and
  select unity 2d. Open CCSM and check the Unity plugin box. Log out and
  back in with Unity selected.


ubuntu package update: /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms missing

Took a while to find this, but I tracked it down.

First, run this command to find the offending "thing"

for i in /var/lib/dkms/*/[^k]*/source; do [ -e "$i" ] || echo "$i";done

In my case, it spit out

/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-340/340.106/source

Take a deep breath and get rid of that directory

sudo rm -Rf /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-340/340.106/source

Now run your updates:

sudo apt upgrade

Footnotes/Credits:

https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=151965

https://8thstring.blogspot.com/2012/01/error-could-not-locate-dkmsconf-file.html


Don't use setuid shell scripts, the SUID bit is not honored on shell scripts anyway on current systems. Use sudo instead, as you attempted anyway:

eka   ALL=NOPASSWD: /home/eka/test/test.sh

And then:

eka$ sudo ~/test/test.sh

With that, test.sh will be executed as "root". No need to use setuid here.


Recommendations for restoring accounts after replacing a disk drive?

Clonezilla is OK if your target disk is of similar or larger size than the flaky one. And if you have a bootable CD reader of course.


I advise You asking this question on PlayOnLinux forums. They have great community and they know better for sure.


Can a server handle simultaneous shell commands?

If you are doing it via PHP (or any other language that has access to shell commands) they will be done separately, which means that they will be done simultaneous if by chance the 10 users use the PHP script at the same time. Each PHP call through shell_exec will be done independent of the others. I myself have a shell_exec script which shows some information to my users for certain images and this is done independently from other PHP executed scripts through shell_exec.

There is a limit to how many simultaneous users PHP can handle, but it depends on your web server, PHP configuration file and MySQL if you are using it. I know the number is greater than 100 at the same time.

When using CPU intensive commands, for example converting videos, the effective use of the commands would then depend on how much RAM you have and how much CPU power you have. For someone with 64 MB RAM and a 80486 it would go bad to try to convert two videos and 10 songs. That would overload the system. For someone with a Core 2 Duo server and 4 GB RAM I think converting several songs would be a piece of cake.

So basically, yes, Linux can handle multiple simultaneous shell commands, specially from PHP, but the overall performance would depend on the resources of the server (CPU, RAM, hard disk drive, etc.)


Are there any differences in graphics drivers from the "X-Swat" vs. "xorg-edgers" PPAs?

If the version numbers for graphics driver packages are the same, there is no difference between the X-Swat (X-Updates) PPA and the xorg-edgers PPA (because they come from the same source)
But, note that the X-Swat PPA contains only graphics driver packages, while the xorg-edgers PPA also contains many other "bleeding-edge" graphics/system packages which may be unstable; if you choose the xorg-edgers PPA, regular updates will install these other packages too.
So, if you want to update only your graphics drivers, the X-Swat (X-Updates) PPA is recommended.


Is there a UI option for changing the frequency of the WIFI connection in Ubuntu 20.04?

From the comments...

In terminal, use nm-connection-editor.


Restoring a hidden application in Application Finder

In Xubuntu 18.04.1, I see the instructions to unhide:

To identify hidden applications, use grep:

dkb@dkb-xubu:~/.local/share/applications$ grep -i hidden *.desktop
blueman-adapters.desktop:Hidden=true
blueman-manager.desktop:Hidden=true
gigolo.desktop:Hidden=true
gpick.desktop:Hidden=true
libreoffice-math.desktop:Hidden=true
software-properties-drivers.desktop:Hidden=true
dkb@dkb-xubu:~/.local/share/applications$

And then delete the corresponding files.


Permission issues after moving from folder from one partition to another

You need to mount your NTFS partition as follows:

sudo mkdir /media/$USER/device_label
sudo mount -t ntfs -o rw,auto,user,fmask=0022,dmask=0000 /dev/device /media/$USER/device_label

change /dev/device to the NTFS partition device, eg. /dev/sda2 or whatever you have.


Package ubuntu-release-upgrader does not exist

It sounds like you're trying to install the package by that name. Whether or not you are, the problem will likely be solved if you install ubuntu-release-upgrader-core instead:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-release-upgrader-core

That's the package that gives you what you need to upgrade using the do-release-upgrade utility. There is no installable package called just ubuntu-release-upgrader.

This applies upgrades involving currently supported upgrades as well, such as 12.04 to 14.04 and 14.04 to 16.04.

To be specific, ubuntu-release-upgrader is a source package. Source packages can build one or more binary packages, and sometimes one of them has the same name as the source package, but not always. As that Launchpad page shows, the binary packages it provides are currently python3-distupgrade, ubuntu-release-upgrader-core, ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk, ubuntu-release-upgrader-qt. See also the binary package database. Note that the do-release-upgrade executable is provided by ubuntu-release-upgrader-core.

I'm not sure if this would have helped, as you wouldn't necessarily have known the package that provides do-release-upgrade was hte one you needed... but for general information about finding what package you need to use a command, see How do I find the package that provides a file?

It can be useful to install available updates to your system before attempting to upgrade it to a new release:

sudo apt-get update
sudp apt-get upgrade

One of the benefits of this is that if something goes wrong, it may be easier for you to figure out than during the release upgrade.

If after installing ubuntu-release-upgrader-core and updating most of the packages on your system as shown above (which will automatically include that one) you still have problems--or if you would have to upgrade through multiple releases to get where you want to go--then you should consider following Suhaib's advice to attempt upgrading from the installer, or perhaps even offloading all your documents and important files, wiping the disk, and starting from scratch.


Audio input not working; greyed out in pavucontrol [Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS]

I see in your Built-In Analog Stereo, you have it on mute (Is it not?) Click on it (the, muted speaker button) to Un-Mute it, does that help?
EDIT:
I had this problem exactly today,  a quick copy & paste from my own post:
No sound 18.04 and tried all the answers I can find
I (In my case) solved it by
removing pavucontrol
rebooting
Install pavucontrol again,
and it started working!

To do this in the Terminal:
sudo apt remove pavucontrol
sudo apt autoremove
sudo reboot
sudo apt-get install pavucontrol

Hope this solves itself!
Good luck!


How do I delay a startup application in Lubuntu?

Try this:

Create a file $HOME/.config/upstart/firefox-with-delay.conf

Content:

start on desktop-start
stop on desktop-end

script
    sleep 30
    firefox
end script

More info:

http://ifdeflinux.blogspot.de/2013/04/upstart-user-sessions-in-ubuntu-raring.html

http://upstart.ubuntu.com/


NTFS disk is read-only and I can't change to read & write

Ntfsprogs are included in the package ntfs-3g.
To install it run:
sudo su
apt-get install ntfs-3g ntfs-config

To repair the file system must use ntfsfix.
Ntfsfix is a utility that fixes some common NTFS problems.
Ntfsfix is NOT a Linux version of chkdsk. It only repairs some fundamental NTFS inconsistencies.
To run it:
sudo su
ntfsfix <options> <drive>

Below is a summary of all the options that ntfsfix accepts:
-b, --clear-bad-sectors
       Clear the list of bad sectors. This is useful after  cloning  an
       old disk with bad sectors to a new disk.

-d, --clear-dirty
       Clear  the  volume  dirty  flag  if  the volume can be fixed and
       mounted.  If the option is not present or the volume  cannot  be
       fixed, the dirty volume flag is set to request a volume checking
       at next mount.

-h, --help
       Show a list of options with a brief description of each one.

-n, --do-nothing
       Do not write anything, just show what would have been done.

-V, --version
       Show the version number, copyright and license

Source: Ubuntu Manpage: ntfsfix - fix common errors and force Windows to check NTFS.


This issue can be resolved using alsamixer.
In Terminal write

    > alsamixer

Adjust Headphone Mic boost to 10db
Hope this will resolve this issue


Is there a way to change the ubuntu login background wallpaper to a video?

The only Display Manager I know of that supports video backgrounds OOTB, is SDDM

It works (as evidenced by this video), but is not simple to install.

The basic process requires QT 5, and the code needs to be compiled.

Quote from the installation documentation:

  SDDM uses CMake to configure the build and it can be compiled with the
  typical cmake build process:

mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make

  After successfully building the software, type following to install.

sudo make install

  When found, systemd will be used for power management. When systemd is
  not available build will fallback to using upower. If upower can not
  be found either, shutdown/reboot/suspend/hibernate actions won't be
  available. Note that, when systemd found, HaltCommand and
  RebootCommand config file entries has no effect.


Ubuntu 12.04 doesn't resume after install nvidia drivers

This may not be the source of your issue but I would wager that it is.

For older cards sometimes the nvidia_current driver doesn't work very well.
On Oneiric there was packages for the 173 and 96 branch of nvidia driver, however when precise was released the nvidia driver for the 127 and 96 branches wasn't released, nvidia have since published an updated 173 driver, but it has not been packaged.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nvidia-graphics-drivers-173/+bug/948053

As you can see it has been assigned now and looks like it will be probably packaged shortly.
In the mean time you can either use the nouveau drivers or build the driver by executing this .run file ftp://download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86/173.14.35/ the problem with doing that though is that kernel updates will mean you have to rebuild the driver.

Or do what I did and get fed up and buy a new nvidia card, my reasoning is with using that old card I'll probably get hit with this crap again in October...

I will never understand why X.org gets revved every Ubuntu release with all the inevitable driver issues...


As your goal is to take pictures of your desk, I'd suggest to install cheese

Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+t) and type:

sudo apt-get install cheese

Then start it with just cheese from the same terminal or from the Dash:


That happened to me but it was that, after doing a sudo apt-get update it somehow did not get the newest version of the mysql-server, only of the mysql-server-core. I would first suggest to do another sudo apt-get update and then proceed on installing the package

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

If that does not work then do a reinstall:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall mysql-server

And if that does not work, then simply purge the package mysql-server-core package, then install mysql-server again.

sudo apt-get purge mysql-server-core mysql-server-core-5.5

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

And if that does not work then go crazy on it with:

sudo apt-get clean

sudo apt-get autoclean

sudo apt-get purge mysql-server*

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

As a last resort, I would purge, reboot, install.


problem with the instalation of ubuntu 12.10

More info is needed make, model, platform, of your machine. Can you get the live disc to boot if not try adding the 'nomodeset' option  and see if that changes anything.


Ubuntu 12.04 lts crashed. how to access the files in home folder?

Try to check in the grub menu if it shows previous versions of your kernel 3.xx, and run it with the old one, Maybe the new kernel is incompatible with something in your laptop.


external monitor, nvidia-smi and maybe Nvidia drivers not working

NVIDIA drivers are not signed so they will not work with Secure Boot, so first disable Secure Boot in the BIOS settings.
Since the NVIDIA drivers are already installed, the driver should be working after a reboot.  If they are not, make sure you have the proper NVIDIA driver installed.  The 965M can use the newest drivers from NVIDIA so the NVIDIA 460 driver will work fine.
You can check which of your GPUs is the current active one using prime-select.
prime-select query will show you the current active GPU.
prime-select nvidia will activate the NVIDIA GPU (if applicable).
prime-select intel will activate the Intel GPU (if applicable).


dual boot, grub rescue, all partitions unknown filesystem

If you have fast boot enabled, disable it and try again, although you might have to reinstall grub

I hope this helps in some way.


'mount: error while loading shared libraries: libudev.so.0 : no such file or directory' error while booting

I see that some of the solutions posted on the other question overwrite libudev.so.0, because of the -f option supplied to ln. This is not due to malicious intent, but because these solutions were designed for newer versions of Ubuntu, in which the libudev1 package is used. The solution creates libudev.so.0 symbolic link. But in 12.04, libudev0 is used. So the libudev.so.0 library file is overwritten with a broken symbolic link to libudev.so.1 which doesn't exist. The solutions should not have included the -f option for ln in the command line, which overwrites files.

Enough of the explanation, here is a solution:

Basically the library file is replaced with a broken symbolic link. Start in recovery mode and select the root shell option. Then run this command: apt-get install libudev0. Once you are done, type exit and reboot. If you are using WiFi, download the libudev0 package and copy it into a USB drive. Then in the root shell in recovery, plug the USB drive and run: (tip: you can use Tab to autocomplete many things, including file paths )

sudo mount -o remount, rw / # (re)mount the filesystem in read-write mode.
mkdir /media/usb
mount /dev/sdb1 /media/usb
dpkg -i /media/usb/path_to_package_file

Then reboot and hopefully your system should work.


How to make nautilus to mount at `/drivename` instead of `/media/drivename`?

you need write a udev rule for this:
you can create a file in the directory /etc/udev/rules.d/ with

# Start at sdb to avoid system harddrive.
KERNEL!="sd[b-z][0-9]", GOTO="media_by_label_auto_mount_end"

# Import FS infos
IMPORT{program}="/sbin/blkid -o udev -p %N"

# Get a label if present, otherwise specify one
ENV{ID_FS_LABEL}!="", ENV{dir_name}="%E{ID_FS_LABEL}"
ENV{ID_FS_LABEL}=="", ENV{dir_name}="usbhd-%k"

# Global mount options
ACTION=="add", ENV{mount_options}="defaults,relatime"
# Filesystem-specific mount options
ACTION=="add", ENV{ID_FS_TYPE}=="vfat|ntfs",         ENV{mount_options}="$env{mount_options},utf8,gid=100,umask=002"

# Mount the device
ACTION=="add", RUN+="/bin/mkdir -p /media/%E{dir_name}", RUN+="/bin/mount -o    $env{mount_options} /dev/%k /media/%E{dir_name}"

# Clean up after removal
ACTION=="remove", ENV{dir_name}!="", RUN+="/bin/umount -l /media/%E{dir_name}", RUN+="/bin/rmdir /media/%E{dir_name}"

# Exit
LABEL="media_by_label_auto_mount_end"

And change the actions ADD and REMOVE with your path, in this case /

ACTION=="add", RUN+="/bin/mkdir -p /%E{dir_name}", RUN+="/bin/mount -o    $env{mount_options} /dev/%k /%E{dir_name}"
ACTION=="remove", ENV{dir_name}!="", RUN+="/bin/umount -l /%E{dir_name}", RUN+="/bin/rmdir /%E{dir_name}"


The closest I have managed to get for 16.04 is a Windows 10 theme with the usual Window icons by doing the following:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes && sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/icons
sudo apt update && sudo apt install windos-10-themes && sudo apt install win-icons


update:

For chromium browser

 sudo apt-get install --reinstall chromium-browser

To clear the download history choose the clear all option at download tab. look at the image to eye it.

If problem still persists then disable all chrome extensions and try again.

hope that helps.


Skip files from tar if there is already tar-ed version?

I can achieve that using the following tar command:

tar -cf koko.tar --exclude="*.tar" kokotar

Another neat trick is to create a file with the patterns of file names or extension you wish to ignore then read that file from the tar command to ignore all such file with this:

tar -cf koko.tar --exclude-from <file | /path/to/exclusion/list/file> kokotar

or

tar -cf koko.tar -X <file | /path/to/exclusion/list/file> kokotar

Syntax format:

tar -cf <name_of_new_tar_file>.tar --exclude='pattern' <source>

tar -cf <name_of_new_tar_file>.tar --exclude-from /path/to/name/exclusion/list <source>


Not able to make successfully - undefined reference to symbol 'XCreateBitmapFromData'

As shown by man XCreateBitmapFromData, this function is part of libX11. To use it you need to have the package libX11-dev installed (which you probably have), and add the library to the compilation flags:

gcc [...whatever...] -lX11

The "add library" syntax is -l followed (no spaces!) by the the library name stripped of the fixed lib stem.


When I download an ebook using Tor it does not go into Downloads directory. Why?

When I download an ebook using Tor it does not go into my
  downloads folder. Why?

Then you should search where your tor is downloading the files. Suppose for example you are using transmission. when you open a new torrent then you can specify where to save(download).

So What you have to do is to check place to download from your tor client.