No wifi menu and "No Wi-Fi adapter found" but can use netplan to connect to wifi [Ubuntu 20.04]

The behavior you've described is a direct and entirely expected result of asking netplan and not Network Manager to manage your wireless. When you click the menu at the top; that is, the Network Manager applet, NM shows you nothing because you've told NM that it is no longer in charge. It is saying, "Sorry, that's no longer my job."
If you expect NM to manage your wireless, entirely revert all your changes to netplan and reboot.


Using Linux Ubuntu 16.04 on Macbook Pro 2016

If you're running Ubuntu in a VM, it may be that you simply need to a) upgrade your AMD drivers through Mac, or b) wait for an update.

As the AMD Radeon Pro 450 is Apple proprietary, drivers have been conflicting and known to conflict with MacOS at the moment, and that most likely stretches to the VM.

3D acceleration may also not be enabled. Be sure to enable that.


You can try this:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3570220/ocr-lib-for-math-formulas

An online demo:http://cat.prhlt.upv.es/mer/


openvpn connects but no internet connection

try pinging the various interfaces in route to ISP to see where issue is. Also did you setup DNS for client? Your local router DHCP probably is not filling in that blank anymore. Is your VPN server providing new DNS server info or services? Usually VPN servers have DNS services at least as forwarding.

But you could plug some hard coded IPs for DNS servers into your client to get quick and dirty working Internet.

You might have access to all world's raw IPs...but missing DNS can make it hard to use browser.


Installing Java is here - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Java . Also you can find on https://help.ubuntu.com/12.10/ubuntu-help/index.html very useful staff.


After upgrade ubuntu 14.04.1 to 14.04.2 unity won't start

Seems like Unity is somehow turned off on your computer. You could turn it back on, by following these steps:

1.Change to tty1 by pressing Ctrl + Alt + F1 and log in.
2. Install compizconfig-settings-manager by running

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

3. Then run it by doing this:

export DISPLAY=:0
ccsm

4. Press Ctrl + Alt + F7 (or F8 sometimes)  to get back to the graphical display where there should be a CompizConfig Settings Manager screen sitting there.
5. Find the Unity plugin. Enable it.
6. Everything should spring into life but if it doesn't, you might have to restart. You can do that by going back to tty1 an d running sudo reboot

NOTE: If you reach step 5 and do not see Unity on the list, try this: sudo apt-get -f install && sudo apt-get --reinstall install unityin tty1 and then move back to step 3.


Bluetooth not working after upgrade to 15.04

Have you tried the solution in https://askubuntu.com/a/613622/132783 ?

That is:

wget https://www.dropbox.com/s/r2pb41rhx65t9zi/BCM20702A0-0a5c-216f.hcd
sudo cp BCM20702A0-0a5c-216f.hcd /lib/firmware/brcm/
sudo modprobe -r btusb
sudo modprobe btusb


Install packages resulted in reboot/shutdown freeze

Today, my laptop will rebooted and shutdown normally, but I found that turn on the bluetooth could solve this problem.

I have turned off bluetooth via system tray icon after my installation, since I never use it. Therefore it was hard to discover that this action will affect the power management. Today my laptop may be reboot and shutdown normally but unexpectedly, because, for some unknown reasons, my bluetooth has been turned on without intention.

I have turned it on and off several times to experiment, and it turns out that when my bluetooth is off it is the causing my laptop to freeze, it results in a black screen during a reboot or shutdown. Only if I turn on bluetooth in system settings, my laptop boots.

For anyone who has the same power management issue on your laptop, try your bluetooth first!


phpMyAdmin 4 configuration for multiple users (Ubuntu 14.04, Apache2, PHP5)

The following works to give access to multiple users:

First of all update your phpmyadmin version for Ubuntu:

sudo nano /etc/apt/source.list

## Untrusted PPA phpMyAdmin
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/nijel/phpmyadmin/ubuntu trusty main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/nijel/phpmyadmin/ubuntu trusty main

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin

After installing the latest version configure phpmyadmin:

mysql > CREATE DATABASE phpmyadmin;

Import into phpmyadmin database „create_tables.sql.gz“
from the directory „/usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin/examples“

Add new user pma to database phpmyadmin:
CREATE USER 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'pmapassword';

GRANT USAGE ON mysql.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'pmapassword';

GRANT SELECT (Host, User, Select_priv, Insert_priv, Update_priv, Delete_priv,
    Create_priv, Drop_priv, Reload_priv, Shutdown_priv, Process_priv, File_priv,
    Grant_priv, References_priv, Index_priv, Alter_priv, Show_db_priv, Super_priv,
    Create_tmp_table_priv, Lock_tables_priv, Execute_priv, Repl_slave_priv,
    Repl_client_priv) ON mysql.user TO 'pma'@'localhost';
GRANT SELECT ON mysql.db TO 'pma'@'localhost';
GRANT SELECT ON mysql.host TO 'pma'@'localhost';
GRANT SELECT (Host, Db, User, Table_name, Table_priv, Column_priv) ON
    mysql.tables_priv TO 'pma'@'localhost';

GRANT SELECT (Host, User, Select_priv, Insert_priv, Update_priv, Delete_priv,
    Create_priv, Drop_priv, Reload_priv, Shutdown_priv, Process_priv, File_priv,
    Grant_priv, References_priv, Index_priv, Alter_priv, Show_db_priv, Super_priv,
    Create_tmp_table_priv, Lock_tables_priv, Execute_priv, Repl_slave_priv,
    Repl_client_priv) ON mysql.user TO 'pma'@'localhost';

GRANT SELECT ON mysql.db TO 'pma'@'localhost';

GRANT SELECT ON mysql.host TO 'pma'@'localhost';

GRANT SELECT (Host, Db, User, Table_name, Table_priv, Column_priv) ON
    mysql.tables_priv TO 'pma'@'localhost';

sudo nano /etc/phpmyadmin/ config-db.php

$dbuser='pma';
$dbpass=‘pmapassword‘;
$basepath='';
$dbname='phpmyadmin';
$dbserver='127.0.0.1';
$dbport='3306';
$dbtype='mysql';

sudo nano /etc/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser'] = $dbuser;
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlpass'] = $dbpass;

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['hide_db'] = '^(information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|phpmyadmin)$';


Sudo times out during long running script

If the script itself is run as sudo, it will not time out until the script has finished running.  To ensure that sudo is used to run the script, I inserted the following lines near the top of my script:

if [ `whoami` != 'root' ];
then
    echo "This program needs to be run using 'sudo'"
    exit
fi

This ensures that the script has been started with sudo, and does not make any attempt to store passwords...


Problems with Dropbox since Ubuntu upgrade 14.10 -> 15.04

This happens due to a bug in nautilus, which has been fixed in nautilus 3.14.3. The problem should disappear once the update rolls out.

As a workaround until then, you can either install 2.14.3 manually, or simply avoid using the button (instead opening the Dropbox folder from a nautilus window). If you happen to do it anyway by force of habit, you can restore the desktop by entering nautilus -q ; nautilus & disown on the command line (note that this will close any open nautilus windows).


Install Ubuntu on D:\ drive partition as Dual-boot with windows 7 on a SSD C:\ drive

You can choose "something else", then create partitions for Ubuntu on your HDD.

If you do not delete any Windows partitions, then all data will be there.

Standard installation of Ubuntu needs 2 partitions. One for the system / and the other is swap. Swap in most cases is OK to be the RAM size.

You can search other answers regarding the optimal swap size.

Many people recoomend to create a separate /home partition. In this case you create one / partition 15-25 GB and the rest allocate for /home.

My opinion is that there is no need for a separare /home nowadays.

And I am sure that it is not good to create a separate /root or /boot for a desktop system if there is no special reason for that.


Firefox: how show thumbnails without open a new tab?

In Firefox Preferences, Change General tab=> Home page to about:newtab. That will do..


Boost Latest Version Install via Apt-get

You can find some other PPAs that have latest version, for example: https://launchpad.net/~mhier/+archive/ubuntu/libboost-latest


When using VNC , it's going to expect that your home directory is writable. You'll need to create a user with a writable home directory to run VNC.

Once this is done you should be able to start VNC normally.
now check use using VNC have write permission in the /home/ajidaribawa dir


How can I make my windows transparent by doing Alt+Mouse Scroll?

Install these packages with the command
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugins-extra

This will install the CompizConfig-Settings-Manager and necessary plugins required.
Open the CompizConfig-Settings-Manager by typing ccsm in the dash. In the CCSM's window, under the Accessibility section, enable the Opacity, Brightness and Satuaration by placing a tick mark on the corresponding checkbox.

This should automatically enable the plugin, if it does not, press Alt+F2 and type compiz --replace to restart compiz. A nicer way would be logout and login again.
Now you can increase or decrease the transparency of any window by holding the Alt key and scrolling mouse wheel.
Note: If Unity seems crashed, don't be bothered. Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to bring logout window, and press Enter to logout from your session. Then login again.

For Non-Unity users
Users who are using Lubuntu or Xubuntu, they will miss this feature because those flavor doesn't use Compiz as the window manager. Lubuntu uses OpenBox and Xubuntu uses XFWM window manager. To be able to use this feature, compiz should be used as the window manager.
One way to achieve this is adding a compiz --replace command in startup of the session. (There are neat way of replacing default wm with compiz, but this will do the job)
After enabling compiz, you need to enable some basic plugin using CompizConfig-SettingsManager. These plugins are -

Window Decoration (For decorating windows)
Animations
Maximumize (for maximize)
Move Window (enable moving)
Place Window (will place new window in suitable place)
Resize Window (to be able to resize)
Application Switcher (Alt-Tab functionality)
Composite
OpenGL

These are basics. But you can try others too. I would recommend enabling Scale, Expo, Desktop Wall too.
After enabling these and getting a stable compiz working in your LX/XFCE DE, proceed with the instruction above.


Ubuntu tries to install onto USB (which contains ISO files) instead of computer drive

When you get to the screen titled "Installation type" there is an option to select where you would like to install Ubuntu. It is listed as "Something else".  Click on that and continue.  You should then be shown the existing partition table of your computer. From there, you can select where to install Ubuntu, you can create a new partition for it if needed, and you can select where the boot loader will be installed. Select your drive and the partition you would like to install it on and click install now. You can usually leave the boot loader installation device alone when you are dual booting, but it could get more complicated in the future.


Bibliographic software (like EndNote) on Ubuntu?

According to WineHQ Endnote is supported by wine so you can run it on Ubuntu using Wine.

You can also look at some free alternative like Zotero.


Cannot revert graphics drivers after trying to upgrade using the oibaf PPA on Ubuntu 17.10

This worked to me so after run the following command, it successfully upgraded with oibaf PPA
https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=253257

dpkg-divert --package libdrm-common --divert /usr/share/libdrm/amdgpu.ids.divert --rename /usr/share/libdrm/amdgpu.ids


Removing Swap Partition after Ubuntu has been installed

THIS IS A HOW-TO TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTION AND HAVE WORKED IN MY SYSTEM BUT IT MIGHT NOT BE TRUE FOR ALL. SO, PROCEED WITH CARE.

After you have proceeded with the how-to, it is recommended to type the following command, to be on the safe side:

sudo grub-install --target=i386-pc --boot-directory="/media/<username>/<drive_label>/boot" /dev/sdX

Edit the relevant parts of the command.

So, you are in a situation that looks something like this:

Remeber you need GParted Live CD to do the following if you are doing this on your main drive.

Now, to do what you asked please follow the steps below:

Right-click on linux-swap and then, delete.

Now, right-click on fat32 or /dev/sda2 and click on Resize/Move.

Next, move the green box to the extreme right.

Press, OK for the next window.

Right-click on ext4 or /dev/sda1 and select Resize/Move.

Fill the greyed gap on the extreme right with the blue & white box, then press Resize.

Click on Apply and wait for it to finish.

Click Close.

Finally, your partitions will look like this:

Now, you can close and reboot.


There is no "Press Any key To Boot From CD Or DVD"!

Ubuntu 12.10 doesn't fit on a CD. You need a DVD or a USB drive. The iso is around 800 Mb.

If your computer can boot from a USB, like all computers less than 6 years old, you can download Unetbootin and create your bootable USB drive.

To boot from the USB, on many computers you have to press F12 or some other key to show a boot menu and then you can choose the USB to boot from. Otherwise, go in thr bios setup (by pressing F2 or Esc in most computers), and change the boot order respectively.

If you have important files on your disk, make sure you keep a backup of everything. Installing Ubuntu carries a small risk of data loss, especially if you're not careful enough or do not have any experience with Linux.


How to install canon ip1980 printer to ubuntu 14

Try to add this repository

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:michael-gruz/canon-trunk

Then get your synaptic and search cnijfilter
back to your Printer Setting → Add printer → Enter URI
Type this

cnijusb:/dev/usb/lp0


Most common cause is Fast Boot in Windows.
For that (in Windows):

Go to 'Control Panel':
Select 'Power Options'
Select 'Choose what the power buttons do'
Select 'Change settings that are currently unavailable'
Unselect 'Turn on fast startup (recommended)' so that the check-mark disappears.
Click Save changes.
Done.


lib32stdc++6 package depends on gcc base but my installed version is newer

You have installed gcc-4.8-base 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04 by a (in the meantime deleted) PPA or via a deb file. As the version of this package is higher than the requested version (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1), the package libstdc++6 is not installed. Therefore force the installation of official version via a downgrade:

sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8-base=4.8.2-19ubuntu1

But this version is not the latest available version. Therefore check if you have enabled the trusty-updates repository.

Start Software & Updates
Select the tab Updates
Select Recommended updates (trusty-updates) (In my screenshot it's vivid-updates, but that's just an example)

And click Close
Click Reload in this dialog

Now upgrade your system (again ;))

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

And install

sudo apt-get install libstdc++6


How to remove Gnome desktop environment?

Try this: sudo apt-get autoremove gnome-shell -y


Why is wifi disabled in nm-applet on every boot?

Run in a terminal

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-acer.conf <<< "blacklist acer_wmi"

and reboot.


With the new EFI system the windows and Linux bootmanager are separated. To use the windows boot manager as the default one instead of grub, just select it as the default EFI boot manager in the BIOS settings and you'll automatically boot into Windows by default


Well found the problem or atleast it is fixed now, installed xul-ext-lightning package and now things are working fine.


Shouldn't Unity's dash's "find files" find files that I haven't used yet?

The Files dash of Unity shows up the most recently used files as well as the favourite folders on the home page. This behavior is by design.

If you right-click the Files dash icon in the launcher, then you can select a particular type of file (such as Documents, Images, Presentations, etc) and the Dash will show up all of the recently used files of that type in your home folder.

There is a found lens that do deeper searches.

Here is the bug report.


It could be possible if your process has something iptables can match against, such as a specific group. For example, given a group to-wifi, you could have iptables rules like so:

iptables -A FORWARD --in-interface wlan0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner to-wifi --out-interface wlan0 -j MASQUERADE

(And with forwarding enabled: sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1.)

Then, if you run, for example, Steam thus:

sg to-wifi steam

Any traffic from that Steam process (+ any child processes) will be forwarded from whichever interface it was heading through to the wireless interface.

I have never tried interface-to-interface redirection, but I have used iptables to redirect all TCP traffic from Steam to a proxy by matching against groups, so these rules may not be enough by themselves.

This could be accomplished by creating groups for each interface and adding yourself to them. For example, using the addgroup and adduser commands:

sudo addgroup to-wifi
sudo adduser $USER to-wifi
sudo addgroup for-eth0
sudo adduser $USER for-eth0

You need to re-login for your new group memberships to take effect.

Related:

Forwarding traffic between 2 interfaces
iptables forward all traffic to interface
iptables forwarding between two interfaces
How to forward packets between two interfaces?


I think it needs to be this way by design - 2 passwords.

After the initial boot up where you enter 2 passwords
from then on you can use hibernate mode securely.

When you resume from hibernation it's just the one password.


You have to install it with

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:audio-recorder/ppa
sudo apt-get install --reinstall audio-recorder

and use it. I can't reproduce the problem on clean Ubuntu MATE 18.04 LTS VM.

Please note that missed schema is shipped with package:

$ dpkg -L audio-recorder | grep org
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.audio-recorder.gschema.xml

$ dpkg -S org.gnome.audio-recorder
audio-recorder: /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.audio-recorder.gschema.xml

$ apt-cache policy audio-recorder
audio-recorder:
  Installed: 2.1.3~bionic
  Candidate: 2.1.3~bionic
  Version table:
 *** 2.1.3~bionic 500
        500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/audio-recorder/ppa/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status


Keyring won't Unlock untill web browser is open

There are a few possibilities:

1. You have multiple keyrings

While the login keyring is unlocked automatically via a PAM module, other keyrings are not.  It is possible that you have a second keyring called default that needs to be unlocked by an explicit keyring password prompt.

This keyring might have been created if you used an application when the login keyring was not available for some reason.

You can easily check what keyrings exist by starting the Passwords and Keys application and checking the Passwords tab.  There will be a top level entry for each keyring.

If there is a second keyring and it only contains passwords you remember and can re-enter, I would suggest deleting the keyrings other than the one called login.

2. You performed an administrative password change

The PAM module that unlocks the login keyring using your login password.  When you perform a normal password change, where your old password is requested before entering your new password, the PAM module re-encrypts your keyring with the new password.

This breaks down if you ever performed an administrative password change.  That is, any password change that doesn't request the old password before setting the new one.  Since the old password is not provided, it can't re-encrypt the keyring.

You should be able to recover from this situation by manually setting the password on the login keyring to your current login password.  This can be done from the Passwords and Keys application.  On the Passwords tab, right click on the top level entry for the login keyring and pick Change Password to fix things up.

When you log in next time, it should automatically unlock your keyring.


try this from the command line:

sudo fsck.ext4 -f /dev/sda6

You can ask the system to check at next reboot by typing:

sudo touch /forcefsck

Good luck


The reason you were getting the error you were getting is because in the terminal < and > have special meaning. < means to send command on the right into application or commands to the left - and the same is said about > but in reverse.
If you are typing in diskutil unmountDisk < drive address > into the terminal, this could be your problem. You should instead be replacing < drive address > with an actual drive address e.g.
/Volumes/flashdrivename.
You will need to find out what the volume is called. You can do this by either using the Finder app or you can do this in a terminal by doing:
cd /Volumes
Then:
ls -l
You will then get a list of volumes (aka drives). I would recommend doing this before the SD card is inserted and then after since you will be able to spot instantly which one is the drive that's new and will contain your SD card. Please be super careful about which one you choose because you will be wiping it with your boot image.
Another way is to do:
df -H
This will list all the mounted volumes. Again, useful if you do a before and after the SD card is inserted.
Once you've found your volume that contains the SD card the next step is to try the command again but with the volume name (again don't forget you need to replace the bolded part):

/Volumes/flashdrivename

So:
diskutil unmountDisk /Volumes/flashdrivename
Let me know if this helps, and if it doesn't I can refine the answer for you.


Can I toggle the placement of the Unity Launcher on multiple screens?

Launcher positions

Launcher positions can be defined by two parameters:

1. Launcher on all screens, or just on one

is set by the commands:

dconf write /org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/num-launchers 0

to show on all screens, or

dconf write /org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/num-launchers 1

to show on a single screen

2. The screen where the Launcher is visible

In the latter case (launcher only on one screen), the launcher is only visible on the primary screen. In  other words, we need to set (toggle) the primary screen. This can be done with the command:

xrandr --output <screen_name> --primary

What we need is a script to look up the currently set primary screen (from the output of the xrandr command), and choose "the other one", and so does the script below.

The script:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess

# Look up the currently set primary screen, set it to the other one
scr_data = subprocess.check_output(["xrandr"]).decode("utf-8").splitlines()
scrs = [[l.split()[0], "primary" in l] for l in scr_data if " connected" in l]
for screen in scrs:
    if not screen[1] == True:
        subprocess.Popen(["xrandr", "--output", screen[0], "--primary"])

If you also need to make sure the launcher is set to show on a single screen, use:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess

# just to make sure the launcher is set to only show on one screen:
subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", "dconf write /org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/num-launchers 1"])

# Look up the currently set primary screen, set it to the other one
scr_data = subprocess.check_output(["xrandr"]).decode("utf-8").splitlines()
scrs = [[l.split()[0], "primary" in l] for l in scr_data if " connected" in l]
for screen in scrs:
    if not screen[1] == True:
        subprocess.Popen(["xrandr", "--output", screen[0], "--primary"])

How to use

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as toggle_launcher.py
Test- run it by the command:

python3 /path/to/toggle_launcher.py

If all works fine, add it to a shortcut key: choose: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts". Click the "+" and add the command:

python3 /path/to/toggle_launcher.py

to a shortcut key combination of your choice.


"bash: No such file or directory" even though file exists

.o files are not executables.

Please try one of the following:

Skip the creation of the .o file and creating the executable

g++ -Wall -std=c++11 average.cpp -o average
./average

Link the .o file into an executable

g++ -Wall -std=c++11 -c average.cpp -o average.o
g++ -Wall -std=c++11 -o average average.o
./average

If the average file still doesn't run try giving it permissions

chmod +x average

EDIT (07/03/17)

Explanation

I was asked to explain what the commands do, so here it goes.

g++

This is the compiler that will interpret your code and transform it into machine code that your machine can interpret.

You can read more about it on the man pages. Just open a terminal and type man g++.

-Wall

This flag tells the compiler to tell you about almost all warnings (Wall = Warn all). Take a look at the code bellow.

int i = 1;
if (i > i) { ... }

If you don't put the flag -Wall no warning is shown, but if you do you see something like the following:

warning: self-comparison always evaluates to false [-Wtautological-compare]
    if (i > i) {}

-std=c++11

With this flag you are telling the compiler which version of the language to use. This is a quite complex topic, but in short C++ is a living language, meaning that it changes overtime and improves, C++11 is one of those changes and it adds a lot of improvements. Nowadays you can use -std=c++14 and sometime this year you'll be able to use -std=c++17.

You seem new to C++ so worry not about all this version things! :D

-c

Compile Without Linking.

Basically allows the creation of the .o files (aka object files), that contain a bunch of data, mostly compiled code and information for the compiler to link the objects around.

It makes compilation of large project quicker, since when you change one file it only needs to create one object file and link it with the already compiled object files.

-o file

Taking from the man page:

  Place output in file file.  This applies to whatever sort of output is being produced, whether it be an executable file, an object file, an assembler file or preprocessed C code.

Basically this flag tells the compiler where to put the result of whatever process it is doing (compiling/linking/...).

Hope this explanation helps! :)


Change keyboard layout inside recovery mode

Did you try the hotkey for switching keyboard-language (shift+shiftlock) on loginscreen already? If SE is installed it may work.


Wireless card can only connect to certain networks

The way Linux works (if you're lucky) is that the drivers are already in the kernel. They come as part of the deal. It sounds like you're in luck because you can get online. But it does look like you'll have to do some blacklisting, in particular:

echo 'blacklist rt3070sta' | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Read this thread for more information before you do anything.

It's also advisable to make a back-up of your blacklist.conf file before you alter it in any way. You can do this by opening a terminal and doing:

sudo cp /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf.bak


Empathy "Authentication failed" when connecting to Freenode

Possibly that username is already registered with freenode and therefore secured with a password. Have you checked if you can connect by using another nickname?


Is it possible to display virtual clock on screen?

You can try MacSlow's Cairo-Clock.  https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/precise/cairo-clock/

To install it, run the following from a command line:

sudo apt install cairo-clock

Hope this helps!


How to print a regular file to pdf from command line

Here's a solution that doesn't involve OpenOffice:

sudo apt-get install enscript
enscript my_text_file.txt -o - | ps2pdf - output.pdf

There are more options to enscript, e.g. -B to omit the page header. See man enscript for all of the options.


"Unable to locate package cinnamon" when trying to install cinnamon

You are receiving this error because there is no stable version of the cinnamon package in ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev for trusty - it's under development (now cinnamon nightlies are only available for trusty). If you want to install the development version of cinnamon (ie,nightlies) then run the below commands in a terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-nightly
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cinnamon


Replace only certain matches of a string search

Disclaimer: this assumes no </form> tags placed on the same line of a <cfoutput> or </cfoutput> tag, as it seems to be the case from the example; if that's not the case this might misbehave and substitute </form> tags preceding a <cfoutput> tag following on the same line and </form> tags following a </cfoutput> tag preceding on the same line with the wrong string. So if your usage case is more complicated than how it actually looks from the example (i.e. you have </form> tags in the same line of <cfoutput> or </cfoutput> tags) you're better off looking into an HTML parser. Otherwise this will work fine.

Using awk:

awk '/<cfoutput>/,/<\/cfoutput>/ {sub(/<\/form>/, "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"#STOKEN#\"/>", $0); print; next} {sub(/<\/form>/, "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"<cfoutput>#STOKEN#</cfoutput>\"/>", $0); print}' infile

awk script expanded:

/<cfoutput>/,/<\/cfoutput>/ {
    sub(/<\/form>/, "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"#STOKEN#\"/>", $0);
    print;
    next
}
{
    sub(/<\/form>/, "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"<cfoutput>#STOKEN#</cfoutput>\"/>", $0);
    print
}

/<cfoutput>/,/<\/cfoutput>/: executes the following (compound) statement only if the current record is between a record containing a <cfoutput> string and a record containing a </cfoutput> string;
sub(/<\/form>/, "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"#STOKEN#\"/>", $0);: replaces every occurence of </form> in the current record with <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="#STOKEN#"/>;
print: prints the current record
next: skips to the next record
sub(/<\/form>/, "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"<cfoutput>#STOKEN#</cfoutput>\"/>", $0);: replaces every occurence of </form> in the current record with <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="<cfoutput>#STOKEN#</cfoutput>"/>;
print: prints the current record

user@debian ~ % cat infile
<html>

<!-- stuff -->

</form>
<cfoutput>
    </form>
</cfoutput>

<!-- stuff -->

</html>
user@debian ~ % awk '/<cfoutput>/,/<\/cfoutput>/ {sub(/<\/form>/, "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"#STOKEN#\"/>", $0); print; next} {sub(/<\/form>/, "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_token\" value=\"<cfoutput>#STOKEN#</cfoutput>\"/>", $0); print}' infile
<html>

<!-- stuff -->

<input type="hidden" name="_token" value="<cfoutput>#STOKEN#</cfoutput>"/>
<cfoutput>
    <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="#STOKEN#"/>
</cfoutput>

<!-- stuff -->

</html>


Restart the Virtual Machine. At the Grub OS Selection menu (you may have to press press Shift to make it show), edit the default entry by pressing e. Change the linux line and add rw init=/bin/dash. You'll boot into the dash shell. Copy back bash. Other options include /bin/static-sh (will start Busybox).

It's unlikely that you have an existing init parameter, but if you do have one, replace it. The rw option tells it to mount the root filesystem with write permissions (the default added by Grub is ro, IIRC, so if ro is there, delete that as well).

Once your work is done, continue boot using:

exec /sbin/init

Sources:

Why does Linux allow ‘init=/bin/bash’?
Linux root password recovery


Create Windows 7 bootable usb without unetbootin, winusb, or ms-sys?

http://www.etcher.io/

http://wiki.rosalab.ru/en/index.php/ROSA_ImageWriter

https://rufus.akeo.ie/    if you want to create from windows

First two always works for me... you could give them a try


this might not be the go-to way to do it but here is what I would do:

Create a backup using timeshift on an external drive. I find it to be the best backup solution out there and I trust it because I have done this procedure using it dozens of times.

You can install it using these instructions

After that just follow the GUI instructions to create a backup of all your files. Create a second one if you want to be absolutely safe.

Put the SSD into your laptop and take the HDD out
Install the Linux Distro of your choice.
Install timeshift in that Distro
Recover the data.
Enjoy.


Explaining DHCP:
Some system, identified only by its MAC address (on the Data Link level of the OSI model) requests an IP address from the broadcast address (255.255.255.255).
The DHCP Server returns an IP address, either the IP address it assigned to the MAC address last time, or an IP address from the pool. The DHCP server remembers this MAC to IP Address assignment.
In your case, the DHCP server had the Old MAC to IP Address  mapping stored in its cache. Because you reserved the IP Address, it is not available for other assignment.
When the New MAC asked, it was given an IP Address from the pool. This MAC to IP Address mapping is remembered.
Make sure your DHCP configuration is accurate, up-to-date, and saved. Then. power cycle your router. This will restart the DHCP server, and make it forget all the MAC to IP Address mappings, except the ones you've reserved.


HUAWEI ( E173-u) Not Working in Ubuntu 14.04

Here are the relevant lines from my rules file:

# Huawei E173 (Viettel 3G)
ATTR{idVendor}=="Huawei", ATTR{idProduct}=="14b5", RUN+="usb_modeswitch '%b/%k'"

# Vodafone (Huawei) K4511
ATTR{idVendor}=="Huawei", ATTR{idProduct}=="14b7", RUN+="usb_modeswitch '%b/%k'"

# Huawei E173u-2, E177
ATTR{idVendor}=="Huawei", ATTR{idProduct}=="14ba", RUN+="usb_modeswitch '%b/%k'"

However, my experience with Huawei modems (not this model though) has been that using their drivers gives much better results. All Huawei modems I have used, also show up as a CD drive when plugged in containing the drivers. If you are in luck then there will be a 'linux' subdirectory containing the linux driver with an "install" script that can be run as root. If that is the case with you, then I can tell more details on what steps I use to set it up. With 14.04 I had problems installing the driver as is, but worked after a small tweak.


Ubuntu flavors and most of the 'universe' repository packages only came with 3 years of support; Ubuntu's 'main' repository comes with 5 years yes, but that's geared at back-porting security fixes only.
Given most attention on xenial some time ago (April-2019), I wouldn't wait for it, nor expect it.  That won't mean some who really wants it for themselves won't package it, but I would not expect it.
I didn't expect 16.04.7 ISOs in August-2020, but they were... we don't know what will happen until it does.  No Ubuntu flavor provided 16.04.7 ISOs of course.


Not sure if you've already installed Ubuntu to your laptop's HD, or if it's rebooting before it gets that far...

Did you change the BIOS's boot order to boot from the USB/CD first? If it has already installed Ubuntu,  maybe just unplugging the USB / ejecting the CD or changing the boot order back would work & let the HD boot.

After reading updated info, maybe it has installed Ubuntu already, but isn't booting correctly, could try using https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair from inside the live/cd Ubuntu...


How do I increase the text size of the text on a console?

You can also dynamically change the font size after the system has booted.

The simplest way I've found is to pick a font that you like from /usr/share/consolefonts/ and pass it to the setfont command.  Not all the fonts work for me (some say 'KDFONTOP: invalid argument', possibly due to my framebuffer settings), but enough do.  If you want a large font, I'd suggest trying either of these commands to start with:

setfont Uni2-Terminus16
setfont Uni2-Fixed18

If you want to make your choice persist through reboots, you'll need to add a command somewhere in your startup scripts.  (.bashrc will work, but you should probably try to think of somewhere better.)

The other way is to use the console-setup package.  Type

sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup

to start it asking its questions.  Accept the defaults to start with, and then after about seven or eight questions you'll be asked what font you want on the console.  The font you select here will be stored in the initramfs, so that it will be reloaded automatically next time you boot.


Getting failed to fetch errors while trying install libudev1 libudev-dev libparted0-dev

A possible cause of 404 errors when trying to download packages via Apt is that the list of available packages on the system is out of date: Apt tries to download old versions of packages, which are no longer available, resulting in a 404. In such cases, the package list must be updated, for example with sudo apt update.


Apahce Website - Uploading files and download

How to Setup a OwnClound5 Server on Ubuntu 12.04,12.10

Here we can see how to make a Cloud Storage Server same as like google Drive or Dropbox
we can get the files from these clouds everywere and from every devices

Here i'm Using IP 192.168.1.200

Here is the Official Website Link

http://owncloud.org/

Step 1

Then update the Repo Using

 sudo apt-get update

sysadmin@linuxmental:~$ sudo apt-get update
[sudo] password for sysadmin:
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security InRelease
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise InRelease
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates InRelease
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports InRelease
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release.gpg [198 B]
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg

Step 2

Then Upgrade the OS using

 sudo apt-get upgrade

For Installing the Owncloud first we need to install and configure LAMP server

For Installing LAMP Server Visit here

LAMP Server Setup

Step 3

Install the Prerequest for Owncloud setup

sudo apt-get install php5-gd php-xml-parser php5-intl smbclient curl libcurl3 php5-curl

Output is here :

sysadmin@linuxmental:~$ sudo apt-get install php5-gd php-xml-parser php5-intl smbclient curl libcurl3 php5-curl
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
php5-gd is already the newest version.
The following extra packages will be installed:
  autoconf automake autotools-dev libicu48 libltdl-dev libltdl7 libssl-dev
  libssl-doc libssl1.0.0 libtalloc2 libtdb1 libtool libwbclient0 m4 php-pear
  php5-dev samba-common samba-common-bin shtool zlib1g-dev
Suggested packages:

This will install some of the dependices need for the Owncloud setup

Step 4

And we need to enable the module for apache Enable it using

sudo a2enmod rewrite   --> Enables the rewrite module

 sudo a2enmod headers    --> Enables the header module

Output :

sysadmin@linuxmental:/var/www/owncloud/data# sudo a2enmod rewrite
Enabling module rewrite.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
  service apache2 restart

sysadmin@linuxmental:/var/# sudo a2enmod headers
Enabling module headers.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
  service apache2 restart

Step 5

We need to change the apache2 config file for rewrite
Use the command to change it

sysadmin@linuxmental:~$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

Change the configuration from

Allowoverride None

to

Allowoverride All

Virtual host file

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

        DocumentRoot /var/www
        <Directory />
                Options FollowSymLinks
                AllowOverride All
        </Directory>
        <Directory /var/www/>
                Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                AllowOverride None
                Order allow,deny
                allow from all
        </Directory>

        ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
        <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
                AllowOverride None
                Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
                Order allow,deny
                Allow from all
        </Directory>

Save the Virtual host file and Exit using wq!

Step 6

Restart the apache Service using

 sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

sysadmin@linuxmental:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
 * Restarting web server apache2                                                 ... waiting                                                             [ OK ]

Step 7

Create a DATABASE For owncloud a Bind it with a password

Login to the mysql using -u User root (the user) -p using a password
Here i'm using the password admin123$
use your password which you have setted while installing the LAMP Server mysql_secure_installation

sysadmin@linuxmental:~$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 36
Server version: 5.5.22-0ubuntu1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

Create a Database

mysql> CREATE DATABASE owncloud;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Grant the Created database to localhost with password admin123$

mysql> GRANT ALL ON owncloud.* TO 'owncloud'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123$';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Flush the Privilages for Database to get clear

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

If you need to See the Created Database use the command

mysql> `SHOW DATABASES;`
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| owncloud           |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Quit from the mysql

mysql> \q
Bye

Step 8

Download and install the Owncloud 5 from the official Site

Download using wget command

wget http://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-latest.tar.bz2

sysadmin@linuxmental:~$ wget http://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-latest.tar.bz2
--2013-11-02 10:46:52--  http://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-latest.tar.bz2
Resolving download.owncloud.org (download.owncloud.org)... 50.30.33.234
Connecting to download.owncloud.org (download.owncloud.org)|50.30.33.234|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 15147476 (14M) [application/x-bzip]
Saving to: `owncloud-latest.tar.bz2'

100%[=====================================================================>] 15,147,476  26.6K/s   in 9m 41s

2013-11-02 10:56:43 (25.5 KB/s) - `owncloud-latest.tar.bz2' saved [15147476/15147476]

Step 9

Extract the Downloaded package using tar command

Extrat it First using jvf

sysadmin@linuxmental:~$ tar -xjvf owncloud-latest.tar.bz2

Step 10

Move the extracted files to /var/www/

sysadmin@linuxmental:~$ sudo mv owncloud /var/www/

Step 11

Change the ownership of /var/www/owncloud to www-data

sysadmin@linuxmental:/var$

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data owncloud/

Step 12

Then navigate to the Web Browser and fireup your IP 192.168.1.200/owncloud

Follow the Setup Instruction as Follows and get install it ...

Happy Uploading your Files and share ...


systemd-resolved is still running, as I see 127.0.0.53 in your /etc/resolv.conf.

If dnsmasq was running, it would show 127.0.0.1.

When you run both together, they tend to step on each others toes.

To run dnsmsaq, and to disable the DNS functionality of systemd-resolved, you need to edit /etc/systemd/resolved.conf and...

change:

#DNSStubListener=yes

to:

DNSStubListener=no

then reboot, recheck /etc/resolv.conf and you should see 127.0.0.1.

postnote: do NOT manually edit /etc/resolv.conf.


How do I automatically backup Mysql-Cluster database?

MySQL Cluster includes an on-line backup tool that can be executed manually or via a script. For more information read the documentation on the MySQL website.


certbot (Lets encrypt) install to Nginx compiled from source

Why not go with the DNS verification route for this?
Install Certbot on Ubuntu

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:certbot/certbot
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install certbot

Generate certs using DNS verification -
sudo certbot certonly --manual --preferred-challenges dns


Scheduled recording ffmpeg 14.04 with timer

One method for one-time scheduling is the at command.

Enter the scheduled time:

at 4:00 PM

Then a prompt will appear where you enter the command to be run:

ffmpeg -i input.m3u -c copy -t 01:00:00 output.foo

The -c copy option will enable stream copy mode which will preserve the quality because it will just re-mux instead of additionally encoding.
The -t 01:00:00 option will set the duration to one hour. ffmpeg will then quit after one hour.

Then press ctrl+d to save the command.

If this is to be a regularly scheduled event then you could use a cronjob instead.

As for desktop recording see:

Capturing ONLY desktop audio with ffmpeg (via PulseAudio)
FFmpeg Wiki: ALSA


after Ubuntu 14.04 update Geforce doesn't work anymore

You need to re-install the NVIDIA driver by using the following commands in a console. You must first login entering your username and password.

When you enter you password, you see nothing.

Try the following in a console:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

Then do the following:

sudo apt-get update

And the last:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current nvidia-settings

Now reboot the system, and try if you can login.


How to drop/remove a published repo in aptly?

If I got you correctly, you've created local repo with aptly repo create, added some packages there and published it with aptly publish repo. aptly would refuse to drop local repo with aptly repo drop if repository is published. So you need to drop published first with aptly publish drop.

If the Release file got broken, you might just try running aptly publish update to re-generate metadata files.


In Ubuntu 12.10 how to enable /proc/net/ip_conntrack?

/proc/net/ip_conntrack is deprecated. You must install the package apt-get install conntrack, and then you can run conntrack -L and see the result


Sounds like bug #1234469: Network does not come up after resuming from suspend.

The workaround is to run:

sudo nmcli nm sleep false

This workaround uses the nmcli to change the sleep state of the nm.

nmcli is the Network Manager command-line interface
nm is the Network Manager


I have a swap partition but no swap space

I think the swap space may have never been turned on since initialising the OS.

The problem was solved by running mkswap and then swapon on the partition.


"Invalid path for Logical Volume" in boot.log

Old answer:

Just found the solution by chance browsing some more blogs.
See the following comment by Brandon Beck: http://chriseiffel.com/uncategorized/step-by-step-how-to-get-hibernate-working-for-linux-ubuntu-11-04-mint-11/#comment-116

I had to change /etc/default/grub to use the PARTUUID of the swap partition instead of UUID like this:

  "resume=PARTUUID=..."

You can get the PARTUUID of the swap partition with blkid.
Afterwards, run sudo update-grub.

Revised answer:

After changing the grub entry to PARTUUID hibernation did not work anymore. Maybe /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume needs to be adapted accordingly.

However, I just reformatted my swap partition, which was previously created by Clonezilla, and updated all config files with the new UUID.
I also switched back /etc/default/grub to use UUID for "resume" and entered the new one.
Now, hibernation works again and the error message in boot.log also disappeared. Problem seems to be finally resolved.


systemd in LXC endlessly trying to umount pam_mount home

This is a known issue with systemd. If the device is brought up in initramfs then it gets a SYSTEMD_STATUS=0 and is always seen as an inactive device. I have the same issue with a custom initramfs that does not have an embeded systemd. I have been trying to find some way online to make udev and systemd aware that the device is actually started and change its status but it seams like a dead end.

Many of the posts ive seen from the devs also are discouraging as they don't see this as a problem.


Why doesn't htop display the same processes as top?

Why doesn't htop display the same processes than top?

Because htop hides kernel threads by default, while top doesn't. You can switch this option off in F2-settings in htop.

Before:

Uncheck the Hide kernel threads setting, press Esc to leave screen instead of F10.

Notice the new number of kthr (kthreads) at the cursor, and all the new k... processes that have shown up. You can sort these by CPU, etc. as usual. Apart from the name (begins with a k, has a / towards the end), you can also identify kernel threads by their very low PIDs (notice the 1, 2, 3...17 in the screenshot?)


Why were multi touch trackpad gestures removed from 13.04?

Yes the touchpad gesture was removed but the nearest possible touch gesture software you can get is : Easystroke Gesture

Its available in Ubuntu Software Center.

or else you can try installing Touchegg

Source

Pre-requisites
You need the latest vesion of Utouch to be running this. So add the following PPA

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:utouch-team/daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install utouch

Installation

Editing the config file
Config file is located here
~/.config/touchegg/touchegg.conf

Editing the file:
Open config file.

gedit ~/.config/touchegg/touchegg.conf

In the example below, the four finger drag gesture is configured to switch to Show Desktop

Four Fingers Drag

[FOUR_FINGERS_DRAG_DOWN]
action=SHOW_DESKTOP
settings=

Three Fingers Drag

[THREE_FINGERS_DRAG_UP]
action=MAXIMIZE_RESTORE_WINDOW
settings=

[THREE_FINGERS_DRAG_DOWN]
action=MINIMIZE_WINDOW
settings=


Language problem is causing updatting problem!

Given that your display language is English again, you can change back the names of the content folders in your home directory to English by running this command:

xdg-user-dirs-update --force


Can't install software (Armory) - No install option

From the terminal type the following:

$ sudo dpkg -i /path/to/package.deb


Yes, you can. See this question for more detailed instructions, but basically:

Enable partner repositories
Update apt-get
Install 32-bit libraries
Install 32-bit packages of your choice

Sometimes, the package will take care of the dependencies itself (particularly if you're getting it from a PPA) and all you need is for the partner repositories to be enabled.

Note: Most programs these days are available in 64-bit versions. If the program you're looking to install has one available, you should favor it over the 32-bit version, unless there are any known issues that technologically prevent you from using it (ie - it crashes on startup). 64-bit software is better equipped to leverage your hardware than 32-bit is, making it more efficient overall (and potentially allows the developers to add in features that weren't possible in the 32-bit version).


Postfix SMTP server: Emails not being queued for retry when greylisted [submission by email clients]

Enable submission port (port 587) in master.cf
http://www.faqforge.com/linux/how-to-enable-port-587-submission-in-postfix/
Double check that submission port accepts emails only after successful SMTP AUTH
Turn off greylisting for messages received via submission port
Make your email clients send messages via submission port


If I install 64-bit Ubuntu 10.10 will Flash work?

i have the same 64 bits version and i install this firefox plug-ins and all work fine :

Flash-AID plug-ins :

Remove conflicting flash plugins from Ubuntu Linux systems and install the appropriate version according to system architecture.


When I am closing Codeblocks I am facing this error

If the owner of the config file is root that means that you had opened CodeBlocks as root the first time you launched it.So just change the owner of that file(the whole directory in the command below because there might be some other files with that issue):
sudo chown -R yourusername  ~/.config/codeblocks

-R means Recursive


Combining keys (e.g., " + e = ë) not working in KDE applications (dead keys)

I had the same problem where the keys were working in GTK based applications such as Firefox, but not in the Qt based applications of KDE. Some recommendations I found online were suggesting to configure or remove IBus or XIM but doing so did not help me.

Whilst checking the output of locale (displays current locale settings) I found the system was using nds_DE.UTF-8 (Low Saxon). After changing this to de_DE.UTF-8 (ordinary German) the keyboard works as expected.

The locale can be switched in KDE's System Settings in Regional Settings → Formats. After doing so locale outputs:

LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en_US
LC_CTYPE="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES=POSIX
LC_PAPER="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

This gives me the system messages and UI in English whilst the formatting is German.

In order to type the characters of several European languages, using a composite key seems comfortable to me. I've set this up in KDE's System Settings in Input Devices → Keyboard → Advanced. Here you want to check “Configure keyboard options” and select “Caps Lock” in “Position of Compose key” below to give this annoying key a sensible job.

Now, you enter the characters like so:

^ +  → ^

~ → ~

" → "

^ + a → â

Caps Lock + e + " → ë

Caps Lock + a + a → å

Caps Lock + n + ~ → ñ

https://cyberborean.wordpress.com/2008/01/06/compose-key-magic/ lists more of those sequences and gives some background information. Using this composite key and typing the sequences is a matter of taste but works nicely for me for languages with the occasional special character such as German, Italian, Portuguese, Swedish, … and does not require switching keyboard layouts constantly.


How to remove file/directory that "doesn't exist"?

It's not a normal situation, but as per the tags, you are already aware that it's data corruption.  With a corrupt filesystem, any further modification can lead to further unexpected results (even more corruption).  The safest is to remount the filesystem read-only, backup/save everything on a different media, (encrypted if necessary), and only do attempt further modifications when the filesystem has been umounted, and an appropriate fsck has already processed the fs.

The rest of the similar questions seem to discuss weird filenames or weird filesystems - yours seem to be actually corrupt as the question mark in most of the fields show.

Update: I repeat, the issue does not seem to be a duplicate question regarding unusual/hard to see file names, but genuine filesystem corruption.  Your hostname was suggesting that it's not an everyday system, so there might be some factors that can increase the chances of a corruption:

less reliably storage and/or connections (USB cables, USB dongle storage, SD cards, SD card converters)
system shut down at least once a day
not fully mature filesystems (which is mature enough is roughly a personal preference though)
journaling enabled file systems (it can hide corruption by masking the need for an fsck on an unorderly reboot)
encrypted storage/volume managers - generally they are stable enough, but they still add one layer of software to occasionally cause problems)

As it has been suggested, it's really a good idea to consider the above factors where the corruption may have been introduced to reduce the chances of it reoccurring.  It's quite weird that a clean, 24-character ASCII printable corruption got in the directory entries, that's not really a typical corruption for otherwise stable systems.

In my experience, a corruption is either a single flipped bits in a few hundred megabytes of written data, or an occasional block of data (512b/4k, or even larger in the case of LVM/RAID) completely replaced by either garbage, or unrelated data bytes.  If you notice anything that can explain the issue, feel free to let us know so that there's a record to help others.

But, back to your question - if it's your main/only filesystem on your main drive, then the forcefsck feature is your best bet.

See here - Force fsck safe?

You will need to reboot the system for this to work (and possibly even after the fsck has completed).  You can also try to run the fsck yourself from a Live CD installation, which would allow you to see the results more easily.


ntp.service not getting started on bootup

As of Ubuntu 16.04, the ntp service has been replaced by a native systemd service named systemd-timesyncd (or prefer-timesyncd) and it is running by default.

If you just want an NTP-synced clock, leave ntp.service disabled and use timedatectl status to check status:

lar@rv-server:~$ timedatectl status
      Local time: Fri 2018-11-09 14:16:52 PST
  Universal time: Fri 2018-11-09 22:16:52 UTC
        RTC time: n/a
       Time zone: America/Los_Angeles (PST, -0800)
 Network time on: yes
NTP synchronized: yes
 RTC in local TZ: no

If NTP is not synchronized, use sudo timedatectl set-ntp on to turn it on.

For an NTP server (not just client), you will either need to replace timedatectl with ntpd or install chrony (recommended).

Read more here: https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/NTP.html


Black Screen at boot after Ubuntu 16.04 upgrade

Your error message translates as

grub-install: warning: File system `ext2' doesn't support embedding.
grub-install: warning: Embedding is not possible.  GRUB can only be installed in this setup by using blocklists.

With the power of google I found this topic: “warning: File system `ext2' doesn't support embedding.”

Two solutions are being proposed.

First solution is to ignore it, since it is only a warning
Second solution is to do a grub-install /dev/sda instead of
grub-install /dev/sda1, just like Rod Smith proposed in the
comment.


How to boot windows 8.1 after installing ubuntu 16.04 LTS on msi gt70 20c laptop

Probably the upgrade to new UEFI reset all the UEFI parameters. I keep a list of changes, so I know what to reset after a UEFI update.

But you do not have an UEFI entry in UEFI for Windows. It normally saves the UEFI boot entries in its own NVRAM which is normally lost only if you disconnect a drive.

Your system is also not showing sda other than it has gpt partitioning, but no partitions?

Check entries before & after change from Ubuntu or live installer.

sudo efibootmgr -v

if ESP sdb3, you have to specify drive (-d) & partition (-p)

sudo efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sdb -p 3 -L "Windows Boot Manager" -l "\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi"

This was an Ubuntu entry:

Changed the UEFI motherboard on a dell laptop, now it says no OS detected

Info of efibootmgr

http://linux.die.net/man/8/efibootmgr

I also like to have another fallback or hard drive entry in /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi. I only have Ubuntu so I copy shimx64.efi to bootx64.efi. Windows normally copies its efi boot file to bootx64.efi as a backup way to boot.


Viber Ubuntu 14.04 second launch problem

I had similar problem on Ubuntu 16.04 but I guess there's no difference. I found solution on Viber support web site https://support.viber.com/customer/en/portal/articles/1506350-opening-ports-for-viber-desktop#.V_1UOrX9-Ak

I had to open following ports for both TCP and UDP: 5242, 4244, 5243, 80, 443. After that everything working fine


how to set file associations with PlayOnLinux?

Update: PlayOnLinux have finally added this feature so you do not need to do this manually any more! But you still have to add "$(echo "$@" | sed -e 's:/*/:\\:g')" in the end.

First make sure you are showing hidden files by open homefolder. Click on edit then preferences and tick the bar. Close the window.
Then you type the command

sudo nautilus

Type in your password. Then you will need click yourself to top of disk. Then go to usr/share/applications. There try to find the word icon. If you dont finde it then copy the icon from the desktop and paste it in the folder. Right click on the icon you just pasted and click on properties. Change the "command" to

playonlinux --run "Microsoft Word 2010" z:%f

(Make sure to teave the " in) For Powerpoint you just change "Word" to "Powerpoint" And if you are running office 2007 you just change "2011" to "2007"
Do this with all the icons you want to set file associations for. Then close the Window.

If you have the updated program start from here:

Then open home folder. Click on .playonlinux/shortcuts
There you will find different files named  exel powerpoint and word. Open one with notepad.
The file should look something like this:

#!/bin/bash
[ "$PLAYONLINUX" = "" ] && exit 0
source "$PLAYONLINUX/lib/sources"
export WINEPREFIX="/home/leo/.PlayOnLinux//wineprefix/Office2010"
export WINEDEBUG="-all"
#POL_Log=Microsoft Office 2010_1336312516
cd "/home/leo/.PlayOnLinux//wineprefix/Office2010/drive_c/./Program Files/Microsoft Office/Office14"
POL_Wine "EXCEL.EXE"  $@

In the end change $@ to

"$(echo "$@" | sed -e 's:/*/:\\:g')"

(leave " in!!) You have to do this with every application you want to set associations to.

Now go to the file you want to open click open with and other applications then show other applications and you should see word and powerpoint. Click on it and is should start. You have to repeat this with all the apps you want to set associations to.
Hope it will work!

Update: PlayOnLinux have finally added this feature so you do not need to do this manually any more! But you still have to add "$(echo "$@" | sed -e 's:/*/:\\:g')" in the end.


How to get the hostname from a DHCP server

There is a way to do it with a little script for a dhcp hook as described here.

Create a new file:

sudoedit /etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/hostname

and paste the following code:

#!/bin/sh
# Filename:     /etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/hostname
# Purpose:      Used by dhclient-script to set the hostname of the system
#               to match the DNS information for the host as provided by
#               DHCP.
#

# Do not update hostname for virtual machine IP assignments
if [ "$interface" != "eth0" ] && [ "$interface" != "wlan0" ]
then
    return
fi

if [ "$reason" != BOUND ] && [ "$reason" != RENEW ] \
   && [ "$reason" != REBIND ] && [ "$reason" != REBOOT ]
then
        return
fi

echo dhclient-exit-hooks.d/hostname: Dynamic IP address = $new_ip_address
hostname=$(host $new_ip_address | cut -d ' ' -f 5 | sed -r 's/((.*)[^\.])\.?/\1/g' )
echo $hostname > /etc/hostname
hostname $hostname
echo dhclient-exit-hooks.d/hostname: Dynamic Hostname = $hostname

Replace eth0 and wlan0 with the names of the interfaces from which you want to obtain the hostname. In most cases eth0 and wlan0 should stay the same.

Make sure it is readable...

chmod a+r /etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/hostname

That's all. On the next dhcp response your hostname will update automatically.


Deja Dup resolves host name incorrectly, adds ISP hostname

I had changed my hostname in /etc/hostname but I forgot to change it in /etc/hosts. Edit hosts file so that it matches hostname and duplicity is all better.


GRUB doesn't render correctly in 1920x1080

In all of the docs I have seen, the second line is

GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=KEEP

I'd recommend trying that out.


How do I add Xorg/Wayland server arguments through GDM?

The .conf file you're referring to (I'm assuming it's placed under /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/) wasn't specific to LightDM or GDM, it's being read by XServer when you start a X11 graphical session from a display manager.

So for X11 session nothing changed. In case of Wayland whole XServer is replaced with a compositor, so you have to pass the arguments directly to it. For example for Gnome compositor you can add arguments to the file /usr/share/wayland-sessions/gnome.desktop at the line with Exec=.

But note that Wayland Compositors would have a whole different set of arguments, so whatever worked for X11 almost definitely won't work for Wayland (i.e. there might be arguments of analogous functional, but they have to be spelled differently). That said, I think the correct way of changing a Wayland compositor behavior is through its settings. E.g. Sway settings are stored at ~/.config/sway/config.

And make sure you can revert your changes from a pure command line, because if you're going to experiment, you might definitely end up with a broken graphical session, so you'd need to fix it from a TTY.


How to get the current display output using the command line?

xrandr | awk '/\ connected/ && /[[:digit:]]x[[:digit:]].*+/{print $1}'

here is the command to find which monitors are on, which is your original question.

Also I wrote the script to switch between monitors: Swap between monitor display modes using shortcut


bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' in README of trainset14_032015.rdp for mothur

Those aren't bash commands, they're R commands. It doesn't say so explicitly in the README for some reason, but the <- is a dead giveaway. I don't know what mothur is but these commands from the README you show should all be run in R, not bash:

tax <- read.table(file="trainset10_082014_rmdup.tax", sep="\t")
tax$V2 <- gsub(" ", "_", tax$V2)    #remove spaces and replace with '_'
tax$V2 <- gsub("[^;]*_incertae_sedis$", "", tax$V2)
tax$V2 <- gsub('\"', '', tax$V2) #remove quote marks

and

levels <- read.table(file="trainset10_db_taxid.txt", sep="*", stringsAsFactors=F)
subs <- levels[grep("sub", levels$V5),]
sub.names <- subs$V2

tax.split <- strsplit(tax$V2, split=";")

remove.subs <- function(tax.vector){
    return(tax.vector[which(!tax.vector %in% sub.names)])
}

no.subs <- lapply(tax.split, remove.subs)
no.subs.str <- unlist(lapply(no.subs, paste, collapse=";"))
no.subs.str <- gsub("^Root;(.*)$", "\\1;", no.subs.str)

and

write.table(cbind(as.character(tax$V1), no.subs.str), "trainset10_082014.rdp.tax", row.names=F, col.names=F, quote=F, sep="\t")

All the above commands, which as mentioned should be run in R, prepare your file for use with mothur. They simply modify the file containing the taxonomy information so that it is compatible with mothur. The author of the post has chosen to use R for the formatting steps.

So, you need to run the commands I have quoted here in R (open a terminal, run R and paste the commands in R's interactive shell). The ones I have not quoted here should be run in bash.


Go in tty1 by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1, login with your usser name and password and run next commands:

unity --reset-icons
unity --reset
sudo reboot now

After reboot, the problem should disappear.


Windows XP will nuke Ubuntu when you try to install it. Just make sure you have backups in an external disk of all your important files, then start the installation. The steps after that you should ask in Super User.


Nautilus: Share image (WhatsApp, Facebook, ...)

Open a web browser (such as Firefox)
Sign into the web service (WhatsApp, Facebook, et al.)
Go to where you wish to put the image

In Facebook, click on the camera icon
This will summon your file manager, Nautilus
Navigate through the directories to Pictures or wherever the photo you wish to share is
Click on the picture file and press Enter to upload the photo

I don't use WhatsApp so can't tell you how to use their system, but the process will be very similar


Install 16.04 LTS on new hardware with Dell Perc H740p raid controller

Dell R640 PERC H740P controller is supported in the 16.04 HWE installer. My error was searching for a separate HWE ISO image. I didn't realize that it is included in the 16.04.4 LTS server image as well. Reran the install from the HWE selection and viola there are my drives. Thanks go to Dr. Donald Kinghorn over at the Puget Systems site for pointing me in the right direction.


How to “cat” or “less” a libreoffice impress .odp file?

The comment on your question, posted by Rinzwind gave me an idea. Thank you my friend. I didn't ever tried this before but, as long as you can extract your odt's, you can grep the odt's contents instead of the odt itself.
So the procedure would be something like this:
cd THE-FOLDER-CONTAINING-THE-ODT
mkdir ext
unzip THE-ODT-FILE -d ext
cd ext
grep KEYWORDS * -ri

Example:
In this example I am inside a folder named "ray", in which I have a document named practicas-ray-del-angel-gerardo-membretada-2021.odt. So I am going to use the same process just by changing the parameters in order to find the word "RAYMUNDO".
cd ray
mkdir ext
unzip practicas-ray-del-angel-gerardo-membretada-2021.odt -d ext
cd ext
grep "raymundo" * -ri

The next screenshot will give you an image on all the process.

Scripting
Of course this would be a major problem if you have to run this in a bunch of documents so I would put the process which will run using the proper parameters on the command line. The file will contain this:
odtgrep.sh

if [[ -d "ext" ]]
then
  echo "ext exists. Will not be created but we will remove the contents on it."
  rm ext/* -rf
else
  echo "First time run? Let's create the ext directory."
fi
unzip $1 -d ext
cd ext
grep "$2" * -ri

Explanation

Directory validation
First we will check if the directory ext does exist.
if [[ -d "ext" ]]
then
  echo "ext exists. Will not be created but we will remove the contents on it."
  rm ext/* -rf
else
  echo "First time run? Let's create the ext directory."
fi

If it doesn't exist, we need to create it. But if it already exists we just need to clean up whatever is inside the folder in order to prevent the zip command to stop asking if we wish to overwrite the existing files. The messages on the terminal are useful for debugging purposes but can be omitted when you wish.
Extraction
Once we are sure the ext directory is ready to be used, we will unzip the file, using the first parameter in the passed via command line to the script.
unzip $1 -d ext

After which we will enter the directory to work with the files via:
cd ext

Searching
This code will search the desired word(s), provided in the command line with the second parameter inside every single file on the ext directory.
grep "$2" * -ri

Please note the content.xml file is the one in charge to keep the text, so maybe you wish to change the code for this:
grep "$2" content.xml -i

Running
The script should be run with:
for i in *.odt; do bash odtgrep.sh "$i" "raymundo"; done;

This will:

Make an array with all the odt files in the current folder
Run the Script on every file in the array
Search the "raymundo" word inside every single file and show the
results if found.

Considerations

Please make sure you use the proper variables and temporal (ext)
folder in order to prevent damages on you data.
Make sure your quotation marks will work and avoid using spaces when
possible.
When running on a bunch of files you will see a lot of data on your
terminal, so you may wish to use the -l parameter on grep in
order to show the less data possible.
The file name containing the text found on your search will be
presented by the zip file itself with a text like: Archive:  practicas-ray-del-angel-gerardo-membretada-2021.odt

Let us know if this works for you. Any comments or suggestions on how to improve this code are welcome.


If you have a additional monitor, then you can connect it to the CPU/Laptop with a VGA cable. Then in your Ubuntu system,

Open “System Settings” from “Dash Home” and there select
“Displays”.
If your monitor does not appear there, click on “Detect
Displays”. Now you’ll see two monitors.

According to the position of monitors on the table, arrange their
positions on the screen by drag and drop.
Select each monitor, enable it by “on-off” and change its
resolution to its actual resolution. Also uncheck “Mirror
displays” box which is for duplicating the main screen. And finally
click on “Apply”.


How do I install Ubuntu onto a Macbook running OSX without a CD or USB of Ubuntu?

You need netboot / PXE boot.

You need to setup a PXE boot server. Refer this link for the same.

Once you have the server, use this link to know how to use it to install ubuntu on your mac. This would require a network connection which will connect these two systems (no internet required).


If you look at the output of the following command:

bind -l

or better to:

bind -l | grep arg

you can see that doesn't exist any readline function for all arguments like is, for example, yank-last-arg for last argument - which can insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the previous history entry). So, if such a function doesn't exists, most probably doesn't exist a shortcut to accomplish what you wish.

Let's try to crate one approached to your request...

First, look for example at the output of the following command:

bind -p | grep yank-nth-arg

The output is:

"\e\C-y": yank-nth-arg

and can be translated as follow: yank-nth-arg (which insert the first argument to the previous command - with an argument n, insert the nth argument from the previous command) is bound to Alt+Ctrl+y.

In the same way can be interpreted any line from the output of bind -p command.

Now play attention at the following scenarios:

If you set the following binding:

bind '"\ea": "\e2\e."'

Alt+A will be mapped to Alt+2Alt+. which is mapped to insert the second argument of the previous command. So, after when you press Alt+A, the second argument of the previous command is inserted in the current command.
If you set:

bind '"\ea": "\e1\e. \e2\e."'

After when you press Alt+A, the first two arguments of the previous command is inserted in the current command. If the number of the arguments from the previous command is maximum 2, of course all of the previous command is inserted in the current command.
If you set:

bind '"\ea": "\e1\e. \e2\e. \e3\e."'

After when you press Alt+A, the first three arguments of the previous command is inserted in the current command. If the number of the arguments from the previous command is maximum 3 (as in your case), of course all of the previous command is inserted in the current command.
And so on.

For first 10 arguments, you can use:

bind '"\ea": "\e1\e. \e2\e. \e3\e. \e4\e. \e5\e. \e6\e. \e7\e. \e8\e. \e9\e. \e1\e0\e."'

And I think that this is long enough as far as I don't use too often commands with so many arguments.

To make it persistent, add the following line line to your ~/.inputrc file:

"\ea": "\e1\e. \e2\e. \e3\e. \e4\e. \e5\e. \e6\e. \e7\e. \e8\e. \e9\e. \e1\e0\e."

In this example I chose Alt+A to insert all arguments (if the number of arguments is not greater than 10) of the previous command, but you can chose any other combination you with by replacing in the previous command the \ea string.

Resources:

Commands For Manipulating The History
help -m bind
BASH - How to use arguments from previous command?


As many of chromium's command-line options are “added and removed at the whim of the developers”, man chromium-browser only documents a few “relatively stable flags.”

A developer How-to however links to this list of options, where among many others you find:

--start-fullscreen
        Specifies if the browser should start in fullscreen mode,
        like if the user had pressed F11 right after startup.

A quick test with Chromium 61.0.3163.100 reveals that this option works at least with this version:

chromium-browser --start-fullscreen


scp --help or man scp would have told you the option was -P port. You also need to declare this before the file arguments:

scp -P 2000 -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub user@remotebox.remotedomain.tld:~/.ssh/id_rsa_localbox.pub

I also wouldn't trust ~-relative links. Use full paths if you can.

But if you're copying IDs, ssh-copy-id also has an option to provide SSH connection options:

ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub '-p 2000 user@remotebox.remotedomain.tld'


How do I copy an existing hard disc to a new one so I can boot off the new disc?

Yes, a 100% exact copy of your HDD is possible, and it would preserve all your files, data and system configurations intact. And, as you've already correctly guessed, simply copying files over won't work. (it can be done, but not worth the trouble of doing it right)

A HD cloner tool is your best bet. There are dozens available.

Is the new hard drive larger than the old one?
Do you have any Ubuntu bootable CD / USB key?

If so, I recommend the good old dd. Its a one-liner, rudimentary, ancient solution for cloning a HDD. But it works, and its amazingly easy. dd is also pre-installed in Ubuntu.

Boot using your Live CD or USB stick
Using System > Administration > gparted (Disk Utility also works), take note which is your old and which is your new hard drive (sda, sdb, etc).

Checked? Great!
Now check them again:

Ready?
Now Triple check it. I mean it! dd will have no mercy if you use the wrong letters. dd is commonly known as "d isk  d estroyer" for a reason!

From now on, Ill assume the old is /dev/sdX and the new is /dev/sdY. Check your actual values! (did I say that already?)

Using Terminal, issue the granddaddy of all HDD cloners:

sudo dd if=/dev/sdX of=/dev/sdY bs=1M

bs=1M is optional, only to improve performance. The best value depends on your drives/cache/cpu/ram. Commonly used values are 4K, 64K, 1M, 16M. Try for yourself in a 1GB test (add count=256K, 16K, 1K, 64 respectively). For my machine, anything from 4K to 32M leads to very similar results.
If you want to monitor the copy, you may try this fancy version:

sudo su - # neccessary to get correct pid
dd if=/dev/sdX of=/dev/sdY bs=1M & pid=$!
while kill -USR1 $pid 2>/dev/null; do sleep 10; done

It will output dd's progress every 10 seconds.

Now go grab a lunch. Or better, go to sleep. It will take long ;)

Post-copy procedures:

Remove the old drive
Install the new one in the same connector as the old (so you dont need to reconfigure BIOS)
Boot and check that everything is fine
Since dd makes an exact copy, partitions will be the same size. If new hdd is much larger than the old one, use gparted to expand partitions to claim the unused space.


Why i can not edit ubuntu files on windows 10 subsystem?

It's all of the problems you've mentioned above. The CR/LF discrepancy and such and the other incompatibilities create errors that are often very cryptic to diagnose

Many editors do have support for detecting the right type of newline character, and Visual Studio Code as mentioned by you also has a switch on the status bar to switch beetween the two

No one really says "You can not edit files from the windows gui", it's always that it's not recommended as if you don't know what you're doing, you could cause more trouble than it's owrth


Files in package libfftw3-dev don't match file list

Your libfftw3-dev installation is fine.

The problem is that locate doesn't perform a real live disk search but only a database lookup in some kind of file name database, by default /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db.

This database gets updated automatically every day by a cron-job running updatedb, but file system changes made after the last update are therefore of course not represented. Because of this, you should trigger an update manually using

sudo updatedb

after adding new or removing old files to get correct and up to date results from locate.


Ubuntu should run fine. If you are unsure, simply put the desktop installer disk on a usb key and boot from it. It'll let you know if it can't install itself to your computer.


getting 404 error trying to upgrade outdated 19.10 to 20.10

To upgrade to the latest version of ubuntu forcefully, type:
sudo do-release-upgrade -d


Is there any Vim formatter plugin that support customized style?

The vim-autoformat plugin uses astyle to perform the indentation, and astyle supports a variety of indentation styles. The one you are looking for maybe close to the K&R or Java styles. Match your preferred style to one in this Wikipedia article, and to the corresponding options for astyle. Then add to your .vimrc, for example using the One True Brace Style:

let g:formatprg_c = "astyle"
let g:formatprg_args_c = " --style=1tbs "


How do I connect to a WPA wifi network using the command line?

iw (list/config) can only handle WEP.

You need the wpasupplicant package which provides the wpa_supplicant command, install if necessary through sudo apt-get install wpasupplicant.

You put your SSID and password into /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf (requires sudo).

Example:

network={
    ssid="ssid_name"
    psk="password"
}

Assuming your interface is wlan0 you can connect with:

sudo wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -D wext
sudo dhclient wlan0

"wext" is a driver and that will be specific for each card; refer to wpa_supplicant -h. Examples:

hostap (default) Host AP driver (Intersil Prism2/2.5/3). (this can also be used with Linuxant DriverLoader).
hermes Agere Systems Inc. driver (Hermes-I/Hermes-II).
madwifi MADWIFI 802.11 support (Atheros, etc.).
atmel ATMEL AT76C5XXx (USB, PCMCIA).
wext Linux wireless extensions (generic).
ndiswrapper Linux ndiswrapper.
broadcom Broadcom wl.o driver.
ipw Intel ipw2100/2200 driver.
wired wpa_supplicant wired Ethernet driver
roboswitch wpa_supplicant Broadcom switch driver
bsd BSD 802.11 support (Atheros, etc.).
ndis Windows NDIS driver.


Your question if fairly broad and I will try to answer some parts.

A firewall can be helpful for you, and you already know what you want - allow clients on your LAN and deny everyone else.

So, first thing, your router. Disable UPnP and do not forward port 80 (http) or 443 (https). If you need , you can forward SSH (port 22).

On the server you can then significantly increase ssh security if you use ssh keys (to log in) and disable passwords.

Ubuntu wiki ssh keys

denyhosts can be helpful, but the lockouts are a hassle. You can whitelist an IP or ip range.

For some advice on denyhost see http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/block-ssh-attacks-with-denyhosts/ or the denyhosts documentation.

Now for your firewall , you can easily use ufw or if you want a graphical front end gufw.

Assuming you want just HTTP and SSH (change 192.168.0.0/24 to your LAN):

sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw allow from 192.168.0.0/24 to any port 80
sudo ufw allow from 192.168.0.0/24 to any port 443

# for ssh from anywhere
sudo ufw allow ssh

# for ssh from your lan only
sudo ufw allow from 192.168.0.0/24 to any port 22

See also Ubuntu wiki UFW


You can delete the partitions, and then try boot-repair: That will repair Grub and not install Ubuntu.


The following NEW packages will be installed:   consolekit galculator
  gpicview gtk2-engines leafpad libck-connector0   libfm-data
  libfm-extra4 libfm-gtk-data libfm-gtk4 libfm-modules libfm4
  libmenu-cache-bin libmenu-cache3 libobrender29 libobt2
  libpam-ck-connector   libxmmsclient-glib1 libxmmsclient6 lxappearance
  lxde lxde-common lxde-core   lxde-icon-theme lxinput lxmenu-data
  lxmusic lxpanel lxrandr lxsession   lxsession-data lxsession-edit
  lxsession-logout lxshortcut lxterminal menu   menu-xdg obconf openbox
  pcmanfm xarchiver xmms2-core xmms2-plugin-alsa   xmms2-plugin-id3v2
  xmms2-plugin-mad xmms2-plugin-vorbis xscreensaver

Uninstall the ones you don't want with with:

  sudo apt-get remove package1 package2 package3.

Seems pretty "pure" to me enough. When I try with lubuntu-desktop I get WAY more packages.

But if all that is annoying you is the lubuntu-look compared to standard LXDE, just change it.. :)


This is an excerpt from man pulseaudio

   --log-level[=LEVEL]
          If an argument is passed, set the log  level  to  the  specified
          value, otherwise increase the configured verbosity level by one.
          The log levels are numerical  from  0  to  4,  corresponding  to
          error,  warn,  notice, info, debug. Default log level is notice,
          i.e. all log messages with lower log levels are printed:  error,
          warn, notice.

   -v     Increase  the configured verbosity level by one (see --log-level
          above). Specify multiple times to increase  log  level  multiple
          times.

   --log-target={auto,syslog,stderr}
          Specify  the  log target. If set to auto (which is the default),
          then logging is directed to syslog when --daemonize  is  passed,
          otherwise to STDERR.

So, to answer your question.  No, by default it does not have a log, it sends its log output to syslog as a daemon (when its running in the background), or to STDERR when its run in the terminal (aka, you see the output in the terminal.

You have three options (potentially) to get the log information you need in one nice package:

Use it in the terminal
See (and upvote :P) the other answer for a good trick for filtering out the pulseaudio output from syslog.

or

Trying changing the --log-target= to a new log file (located in /var/log/ I'm assuming. You probably want to create an empty file first).  I haven't tried this, so it might not work...

For either option you can also pass -v or --log-level= to get more debugging info if needed.

Edit: I just realized that it is a pain to try and pass arguments to pulseaudio as it autospawns a new daemon immediately whenever you kill it.  Instead....

To change the default log behavior without turning off autospawn:

edit /etc/pulse/daemon.conf (with sudo permissions) and uncomment and modify these log settings as desired.

; log-target = auto
; log-level = notice
; log-meta = no
; log-time = no
; log-backtrace = 0

To turn off autospawn so you can run it in a terminal:

try editing /etc/pulse/client.conf (also with sudo permissions) and uncommenting ; autospawn = yes and changing the yes to no.  I haven't tested this so I don't know if it will work.

After disabling autospawn kill the daemon with pulseaudio --kill and start it again pulseaudio (with any options you want to pass).  Hope this works!


Is it possible to gain computer access via Apache2 server?

They're scripts and bots running on remote computers trying to probe your server, looking for vulnerabilities. If your system is outdated, and they happen to poke the right hole, yes, they could get in. They could then use your computer for nefarious purposes. If your system was up to date, and you didn't make silly changes to permissions of files, and didn't install old/unsafe copies of web applications (like php based things) chances are you're safe.


What is the difference between Ubuntu Phone and Ubuntu Touch?

This is a community website, "we" did nothing, but Canonical...

Ubuntu Phone is used as term for describing a Smartphone with Ubuntu Touch installed. Ubuntu Touch is a User Interface for Ubuntu, that can be run on smartphones. You need an ubuntu system (on PC) to install ubuntu touch on your smartphone.

Ubuntu Touch is not intended to be installed by people who are not tech savy, by now.

Install instructions can be found here: Ubuntu Touch Installation Instructions


ZFS on Linux: Setting up NFS on Ubuntu 14.04 with OS X Mavericks Client

Figured it out!

I must have the mount syntax wrong. I tried connecting in Finder and it worked!


I appreciate this is an old question. You have no doubt long since resolved this issue.

For anyone else who find this, I resolved this issue by heading to /etc/X11/xorg.conf and modifying to monitor HorizSync and VertRefresh values. I can't remember what they were but this is how the monitor section now appears.

Section "Monitor"
    ....
    HorizSync       30.0 - 83.0
    VertRefresh     56.0 - 75.0
    ....
EndSection


Open a terminal and enter the following:

user@system:~$ ifconfig

I would like to see what comes up. you can edit your question with the info. to copy the terminal text shown highlighting it and right click to copy it.


Run bash script in a separated process (dettached from SSH/Putty)

Use crontab -e and add your file there. Search how to use crontab to determine how to setup the correct timing. crontab is used to run scripts every X minutes/hours/days or even on specific dates (every 5th day of the month at 7 pm). It will run the script in the background for you.


How can I recover from a failed hibernation wake up

It turns out another partition is also broken.
I run fsck on that partition as well, and it is working now.


How to install Synaptic Package Manager?

On the terminal type in the following commands (one line at a time) >>

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install synaptic


How can get Mac Os like column view in Ubuntu 16.04?

The problem is that the PPA is intended for older releases. You can still use it though. Try using the following series of commands:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:marlin-devs/marlin-daily
sudo sed 's/xenial/saucy/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/marlin-devs-marlin-daily-xenial.list
sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/marlin-devs-marlin-daily-xenial.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/marlin-devs-marlin-daily-saucy.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install marlin


Lutris doesn't work when I try to install it

i was able to solve this by installing build-essential following
https://railsblogs.rohityadav.in/2019/06/e-package-aptitude-has-no-installation.html

follow the steps in the link until the last(install aptitude)
restart
apt-get update followed by apt-get upgrade followed by apt-get dist-upgrade
and then sudo apt-get install --fix-missing lutris

there is no need to use aptitude


Honestly, I wouldn't try upgrading such an old OS.  I generally don't do upgrades, although I have with Ubuntu 12.04 to 14.04.  I would stand up a new VM and copy data and such over.  Far more likely to work smoothly :-)


How to install/run an AppImage on Lubuntu

To run an AppImage you need to first give executing permissions then you run it, I do not know where to give the permissions in Lubuntu but I know how to do them in the terminal
sudo chmod +x /path/to/file.AppImage

then you can run by clicking the file on the file manager or by executing it on the terminal


Is there a way to check hardware integrity?

In System->Administration->System Testing there are a set of tests that check your system. They might not cover every piece of hardware but they do a decent job of getting the basics, network, sound, etc.


Did you accidentally changed permissions and/or ownership on the files envvars and sudoers.d? Because apache is not able to open the envvars file. Also the sudoers.d directory seems to have different permissions than when it was installed. Use the commands below to change permissions and ownership of the file and directory.

sudo chmod 755 /etc/sudoers.d

User and group should be root - change like this:

sudo chown root: /etc/sudoers.d

And for the envvars files

sudo chmod 644 /etc/apache2/envvars

sudo chown root: /etc/apache2/envvars


I believe Evtouch can help!

http://www.conan.de/touchscreen/evtouch.html

Please post your results.


Rsync, --delete not remove files on target

Try to use --recursive

It should look like this:

find /path/backups/ -type f -mtime +2 -exec rsync -vPhd -e "ssh -p 512" --ignore-existing --recursive --delete {} me@host:/remote/path/server-backups/ \;


This seems to be a somewhat common problem with 12.10 x64. You had wireless while on LiveCD/USB, but after installation not anymore. Recompiling the module for your Broadcom adpater is likely to solve things.

Run this on wired connection:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic
sudo apt-get install --reinstall bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo modprobe wl

Now it should it be working.
Lastly, set the module to be loaded at boot time. Run this as root:

echo wl >> /etc/modules


How Can I reinstall 64 bit ubuntu over 32 bit

If your machine is truly 64bit compatible (which is an absolute requirement), you will have to reinstall Ubuntu completely if you are wanting the 64-bit version.

You can just re-run the 64bit liveCD and keep the default partitioning settings, or if you wanted more control...

Run the liveCD like you would normally, and select "Something else..." in the partitioning. "Change" the ext4 partition on your computer. Check "format this drive" and set the mount point to "/". You should have a swap already in place, but if you don't, create one with at least 3Gbs in size.

There isn't a ton of improvement from 32bit to 64bit, but if your system IS 64bit compatible, you can try it. But again (third time here), you need to make sure your system is 64bit compatible! If it ran 32bit Windows, it sounds like it might be 32bit only!

The "bit" of the computer is based on the hardware, not just the RAM. It's the CPU and motherboard, so look up your specs on google and see if it's really 64 bit.


If you downloaded this program then just remove the folder where you extracted the contents of the .tar.gz file to.

Optionally you can run apt-get autoremove or try to manually remove the libraries the install.sh script installed.


Two-finger scrolling not working on Ubuntu 18.04 and Ryzen 5 Pro 2500U Dell Latitude 5495

TLDR;

Update your Ubuntu kernel to 4.15.0-36.39 or later by running:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Detailed Version

This was caused by a bug in the kernel. It was fixed in Ubuntu's kernel a few days after your question was asked. It looks like the patch was sent upstream to 4.18.0-8.9. See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-oem/+bug/1773940 for more information.

I have tested the fix in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. If you are on another distribution you will have to install kernel 5.2 or later (to be released in July 2019). In the meanwhile thanks to Syniurge we can install updated module through DKMS https://github.com/Syniurge/i2c-amd-mp2/ Please note that the updated driver cannot be installed on latest Ubuntu as the DKMS driver cannot override the built in driver.

If your module does not load modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'i2c-amd-mp2': Operation not permitted after installing the module, make sure you have disabled secure boot in the BIOS

Edit: Updated kernel version with fixes are accepted.


How to make KHelpCenter show info-pages, man-pages and information from ScrollKeeper database and make full text search?

Problems with info: and man: links are gone after installation of these packages (idea from this answer):

sudo apt-get install kinit kio kio-extras kded5

Then we need to install Oxygen theme to have nice look-and-feel:

sudo apt-get install plasma-theme-oxygen oxygen-icon-theme

To remove warning kf5.kservice.services: KServiceTypeTrader: serviceType "QImageIOPlugins" not found we need to install other package:

sudo apt-get install libkf5kdelibs4support-data

As the result we will be able to search on 18.04 LTS in Application Manuals (KDE-documentation) and man-pages.

KHelpCenter internally use ScrollKeeper's component scrollkeeper-get-content-list (located in rarian-compat package), so we need to install it:

sudo apt-get install rarian-compat

To add content to Scrollkeeper category we need to install some application which has documentation in /usr/share/omf:

 sudo apt-get install synaptic diffuse

But its installation does not help. ScrollKeeper category contains very small amount of objects, their pages fail to render.

Notes:

This instruction seems to be universal for 16.04 LTS and 18.04 LTS, but in 16.04 LTS we do not have search toolbar.
On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS khelpcenter has version 4.13, works out the box but does not have search functionality. ScrollKeeper functionality is poor as in newer releases.

Conclusion: use Yelp to view desktop documentation (but without full-search).


Found the problem:  the service HAL isn't running. To start, use:

sudo hald --daemon=yes


If you need this to definitely run at boot time the place your script in /etc/init.d

If you only need this to run when you login, you could place your script in /home/yourusename/.bashrc

As for executing screen, look at the manpage for definitive info on how to use screen, however I believe screen myscript.sh should work. Alternatively screen reads from a startup file for initialisation. Your script could be included within that file.

https://www.gnu.org/software/screen/manual/screen.html#Invoking-Screen
When screen is invoked, it executes initialization commands from the files .screenrc in the user's home directory and /usr/local/etc/screenrc.


Ubuntu 18.04 on Asus TP200SA: black logon screen

When I rotate the laptop, the screen shows up. Then I click the top right menu and lock the screen from rotating.


How do I set a password for root and skip creating an additional user during Ubuntu 14.04 Server installation?

You can use a kickstart script/file to automate the build.
https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/installation-guide/ia64/automatic-install.html

There is even mention of a rootpw --disabled command, so you may be able to enable and set a root password.

Be warned, that is an older guide. This page indicates upkeep of the guides has fallen behind, so you may want to do some deep digging before depending on this page.
https://help.ubuntu.com/14.04/installation-guide/


It seems that the easiest way to install it is to use Flatpack:

Install Flatpak on Ubuntu

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexlarsson/flatpak
sudo apt update
sudo apt install flatpak

Then install linphone 4.1.1 from Flatpak (only x86_64)

flatpak --user install --from https://linphone.org/flatpak/linphone.flatpakref

Run Linphone from terminal

flatpak run com.belledonnecommunications.linphone

or from menu.


KDE 5.36.0 switching keyboard layouts re-enabling possible?

Editing sudo gedit /etc/default/keyboard and changing the layout languages (in my case to English and German)
XKBLAYOUT="us, de" required a reboot to take effect.


Try the below command,

awk ' { print $4 } ' upgradeddpkg > upgrade.txt

If you don't want the colon : then run,

awk -F ':' ' { print $1 } ' upgrade.txt > upgrade1.txt

Explanation:

awk ' { print $4 } ' upgradeddpkg > upgrade.txt

In this, awk takes the input from  upgradeddpkg and prints only the $4(column number 4).That output was redirected to upgrade.txt file.So upgrade.txt file contains only the package names with colon.To remove the colon and its upcoming part(following), you have to run the second command.By default awk considers space as a delimiter.

awk -F ':' ' { print $1 } ' upgrade.txt > upgrade1.txt

Delimiter colon was manually set and awk considers colon as a delimiter instead of space.Now awk takes the input(stdin) from the upgrade.txt and prints(stdout) the coloumn1(part before the colon).Finally the standard output was redirected to upgrade1.txt.Now it contains only the package names.