When I switch to new user, I am unable to see the name in the prompt - Why?

I found the solution here

but i will explain the exact steps I used.

first at root i did a

echo $SHELL

I saw that I have /bin/bash

then i switch to www-data

sudo su www-data

then i do a

echo $SHELL

I saw that I had

/bin/sh

instead.

So I did a

chsh -s /bin/bash

I was prompted for my www-data password so I gave it.

Password:

after that I switch back to root

exit

then i log back into www-data

sudo su www-data

I checked the $SHELL again

echo $SHELL

I saw that now it is

/bin/bash

and also my prompt is back


Bash script not working properly from crontab

When writing a scrpit for cron there are certain things you must remember:

Never assume it is running from any particular place. Either manually change to a pre-defined location (cd) with one of your first operations, or always use absolute pathnames for everything.  That includes your "source config.sh" line - where is that config.sh file...?
It may not have the same PATH environment variable as when you run it manually. If you reference anything that is not in the standard system binary locations (/bin /usr/bin) then you will either have to manually specify a different PATH variable or again use full absolute path names for your commands.  That even includes /sbin and /usr/sbin - some systems don't have that in the default PATH for non-root users.

For debugging make sure that the MAILTO variable is set in the crontab so that it knows where to send any error reports to. You can also add "-x" to your hashbang line to show all the commands on stdout as they are executed - which cron should then mail you.


How do I install on a Dell Inspiron 1501?

How should I go about installing Ubuntu?

Download the -buntu version you like or need.
Burn it into a CD, DVD or make a bootable USB with UnetBootiN
Either way start up the Live Session by inserting the media or device
of your choice, and selecting Install Ubuntu

What should I do about installing driver software on the dell?

Depends on what your hardware is if you a an nVidia or AMD GPU, if
you have a Broadcom wireless card, if you have a Printer, etc.
Usually Jockey will provide you with drivers for the GPUs and the
wireless drivers if you need them the rest usually are plug and play.

I've already downloaded all the drivers on another computer and I'm confused as to how to install these drivers on Ubuntu.

Windows drivers don't work in Linux even with magic, so they're
useless.


Although there is "unix" in the file name, this is for Linux. Kali Linux and Ubuntu are both Linux and in fact, this should works on any Linux distribution. You can use it on Ubuntu.


User Account Disabled After Upgrade to 12.04.1 LTS

Step one would be to try non-graphical login (press ctrl-alt-1 or ctrl-alt-2). If you can log in there, it's not the account that's broken, but the graphical interface. You'll also be able to see any error messages that your login produces.

If you can login, then you need to find out why your graphical interface doesn't work. My suggestion would be to create a new user (see for instace http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/ubuntu/add-a-user-on-ubuntu-server/ ) and log in with that. It might be some script you ran on your old installation.


How to install Microsoft silverlight on Ubuntu with wine

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pipelight/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends pipelight-multi
sudo pipelight-plugin --update
pipelight-plugin --enable silverlight

Silverlight will work in Firefox.

It is actually installation using wine, but it will work in normal browser, not under wine.


Check in your bios settings (I had the same problem)

On my HP G62 notebook: System Configuration → Action Keys → Disabled

If you have a different machine, this may be named differently or found in another section of the setup utility.


Ubuntu 12.04 disk installs LTS on desktop?? wrong display drivers

LTS stands for Long Term Support. Ubuntu 12.04 is a LTS release (meaning: it would have longer support and other candies) and it does not mean that you'll get laptop display drivers installed.
If your current display driver isn't working properly (assuming it's the default, open source version for graphic card by NVidia or ATI/AMD), you can try installing the proprietary drivers, by running the program "gtk-jockey".


This might not answer your question directly, however...

Why not use PFsense or IPfire rather? They can do all you need and more.

PFSense

Ipfire


Error:premission denied to delete a couple of files

The file you are trying to delete might have been being used by another program. If you sure it was not then open a terminal with Ctrl + Alt + T and use:

sudo rm /media/nunyah/bf8e3bed-a0b9-4929-b303-d7c210aafa1/var/lib/app-info/icons/ubuntu-zesty-multiverse/64x64/steam-installer_steam.png

Please note anything starting with /media could be a SD Card mounted as read-only which means you can't delete it in the first place.

To close the terminal window you can click X on the window top corner, press Ctrl + C or type exit and press Enter.

Please let us know your progress because many people perform "drive byes". Welcome to Ask Ubuntu :)


You can't remove that service, but you can deploy a new service with the same charm:

juju deploy rabbitmq-server rabbitmq

...and you can even put it on the same machine if you want:

juju deploy rabbitmq-server rabbitmq --to <machine-id>

...but you may wish to update your client, and run:

juju upgrade-juju

...to get your environment running 1.16.5, in which that bug is resolved. It won't fix an environment that's already in that situation, but it will prevent it from happening again with the new service.


Hmm, looks like you may have to re-install GRUB. This should auto-detect any bootable partitions you have and allow you to boot from them.

Here's how: http://howtoubuntu.org/how-to-repair-restore-reinstall-grub-2-with-a-ubuntu-live-cd


Delete GRUB after deleting Ubuntu from Mac Dual Boot

Much faster and safer solution.

Boot OSX and in the terminal run these commands:

mkdir mnt
sudo mount -t msdos /dev/disk0s1 mnt

You will see a new drive "EFI", open this drive and open the folder "EFI". Inside you will have the folders "APPLE" and "UBUNTU".

Just delete the "UBUNTU".

Restart and enjoy!


Where can I find network manager's gconf key?


Clone backup/restore Ubuntu 18.04 in a dual boot Win/Ubuntu

Backup your current system

I would start with a backup of the current system. One method is to create a Clonezilla image in a separate drive (for example a USB HDD). Make an image of the whole drive (with Win 7 + Ubuntu 14.04 LTS + Grub).

If you want to be sure, that a working system can be restored from the backup, please test it by restoring to a (new) drive of at least the same size as the original one.
Install Windows 10

If you start by installing Windows first and then Ubuntu, you need not reinstall grub.
Shrink Windows from within Windows, but do not create any partition. Leave the available space as 'unallocated'.

Boot a live session with Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS

Create a partition or partitions for Ubuntu with gparted.
Install Ubuntu (via the installer icon on the desktop).
Test that things work as you wish.

Backup your new system

Now it is time for a backup of the new system. One method is to create a Clonezilla image in a separate drive (for example a USB HDD). Make an image of the whole drive (with Win 10 + Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS + Grub).


Why wasn't my kernel upgraded when I upgraded the system?

Open a terminal and type:

$ sudo apt-get install linux-generic

Restart and you should see on Grub that the kernel version should 3.19


Try this
Login screen combo Ctrl + Alt + F1 enter username and password then run the following commands:

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

DISPLAY=:0 dconf reset -f /org/compiz/

unity --reset-icons

setsid unity

and finally reboot


Can't install Ubuntu alongside Windows XP with a USB

Unless you're using Wubi, you will need to create a separate partition for Ubuntu. "Install alongside", as used by the installer, means shrinking the Windows partition and creating a new one for Ubuntu in the freed space. You can then boot into either operating system.

A few miscellaneous points:

I believe Wubi is no longer supported;
You may find 500Mb RAM a little tight for modern Ubuntu versions - you should check the mimimum and recommended memory amounts for the version you are installing;
I understand that security updates for XP will cease in a few months, so you may decide it's not worth keeping that XP partition anyway.


How to change the disk partition for ubuntu?

You can try using GParted. There is a very nice guide to Live USBs and GParted here.

Also, for the partition moving, it could be possible using GParted as well. Make a new partition bigger than your current Ubuntu partition, then use GParted to copy all the data over. This is rather crude, and might not work completely, but with some luck should do the trick.


Can ubuntu server be installed on <1G hds?

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS requires a minimum of 512MB of disk for base system (1GB with all tasks installed). (Source: https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/preparing-to-install.html

13.10 requires a 700MB minimum (https://help.ubuntu.com/13.10/serverguide/preparing-to-install.html)

So; I guess you will have to test it -perhaps on a virtual machine; to see what exactly you will need and whether it will fit or not.


How to separate two user's home directory in to different partition

You should be able to use the instructions here for this.

The only difference; you will be mounting your new partition as you say in 3.


Paleomix command won't work - python version in bash needs to be 2.7

Add this:

export PATH=$PATH:~/.local/bin

to your .bash_profile. To find your .bash_profile, open it in a text editor such as nano:

nano .bash_profile

There you can paste the command. Or you make sure it is there by doing this:

echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/.local/bin" >> ~/.bash_profile

In order to solve the problem with Paleomix: I installed python 2 into my environment (named paleo) with conda:

conda create --name paleo python=2.7

Make sure you have pip installed in your environment.

conda install -c anaconda pip

And after that I used pip to install paleomix and got it to run.

pip install --user paleomix

Now the paleomix command works.


Kernel xconfig for cross-compilation fails with "no package 'qt-mt' found error"

This question was answered by the OP

With more experimentation, a
make distclean

seemed to fix the problem. I can now build the kernel xconfig successfully.


How can I get the manufacturer of GPU via command line in Ubuntu?

To show the manufacturer of the GPU and other verbose information about the GPU, open the terminal and type:

lspci -vnn | grep VGA -A 12

The -vnn options are:

-v –    verbose output
-nn – display both the description and the number. display the PCI vendor code and the device code only as numbers

The first line of the output has the name of the vendor, the model name/series and the pci id. Note the numbers enclosed by a pair of brackets having the form 1234:5678. Such a number is present for almost all graphics cards. The first 4-digit number (1234) indicates the vendor id and the second number (5678) indicates the pci id, which indicates the model of the graphics processing unit.


cat command doesn't show the lines of the text

Libreoffice format has the text within a compressed section of a binary file, so cat doesn't work. There is an option: lowriter --convert-to example.txt which will repackage it, & there is a --print option if that's what you wanted. man lowriter is informative.


Finally installed Ubuntu. Did I do something wrong because it's slower than Windows 10?

There is swap and it is active, see the lsblk output for /dev/sda6 :-)

But the processor is not very powerful. You could install htop and run it in a terminal window to monitor how the processor and memory are used during web browsing:

sudo apt-get install htop

htop

and let us know what you notice.

You will probably get better performance with a lighter flavour of Ubuntu, for example Lubuntu, Xubuntu or Ubuntu MATE. Ubuntu Gnome might be an alternative to standard Ubuntu if you want good touchscreen behaviour.

And I recommend the version 16.04.1 LTS with long time support (5 years for standard Ubuntu, 3 years for the community flavours, while 16.10 has only 9 months support). The point releases of the LTS versions are better debugged and polished, look for the .1 in the file name.

Try them live (booted from an install USB drive, DVD disk or memory card) before installing,

Try Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, ...) before installing it


I spent about an hour before posting this question, and finally found the answer after asking. The solution came from https://askubuntu.com/a/130831/14355. I simply ran:
rm ~/.Xauthority
Now everything is working great.


I would check out Tracker Tags. It's been pretty legit for my purposes

Maybe some more info on the Meta Tracker Ubuntu help page?


do a reverse name lookup to compare the IP to localhost

I am guessing that you want to find your public IP, and you are on EC2 machine that does not directly let you access this information. A solution is given here. Execute this on the machine

wget -qO- http://instance-data/latest/meta-data/public-ipv4

it will give you your public IP.


Bluetooth being turned on after each restart on Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS

The simplest method would be to disable the service that controls Bluetooth:

Open a Terminal (if one is not already open)
Disable the service:
sudo systemctl disable bluetooth.service

Done. Now Bluetooth will remain disabled until you re-enable it with the following command:
sudo systemctl enable bluetooth.service


See man ln.

To create a symlink at /usr/bin/bar which references the original file /opt/foo, use:

ln -s /opt/foo /usr/bin/bar

You would need to apply the above command as root (i.e. with sudo).


`date` command doesn't work as expected under fish shell

To use a subcommand i.e. the command "date" in your "set" command:

set cmd "date -d @$argv[1]"

You have to use parentheses instead of double quotes:

set cmd (date -d @$argv[1])

Here you can find the related documentation.

If you also want to write your variable to stdout you have to echo it:

echo $cmd

Instead of just

$cmd


--no-remote see firefox -h

also you could have just clicked Set as default in Preferences see here


Error while installing Adobe Acroread in Ubuntu 15.10

You could certainly do the following:

sudo apt-get -f install

which might address the dpkg error:

 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured

But it looks as if you are installing an Acrobat Reader deb package from Raring Ringtail on to your Wily Werewolf installation. Try the following, which I have tested on Trusty not Wily. First some required files (needed on 64bit systems):

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0:i386 libnss3-1d:i386 libnspr4-0d:i386 lib32nss-mdns* libxml2:i386 libxslt1.1:i386 libstdc++6:i386

as well as the gdebi installer:

sudo apt-get install gdebi

and then download and install the reader itself directly from the adobe website:

wget http://ardownload.adobe.com/pub/adobe/reader/unix/9.x/9.5.5/enu/AdbeRdr9.5.5-1_i386linux_enu.deb
sudo gdebi AdbeRdr9.5.5-1_i386linux_enu.deb

This tested nicely on Trusty Tahr and I have no doubt will work on Wily:

References:

Quick Tip: Install Adobe Reader in Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty


Recover data from corrupted Windows partition

Though you can't mount it, you can read the filesystem with TestDisk and recover files from it.

TestDisk Step-by-Step will help you through the process.


How to Install Viber on Ubuntu 13.10, 32bit

Viber is still in beta release for linux and runs only on 64-bit systems. To install viber's stable release for windows, you need wine. To install, open a terminal(using Ctrl+Alt+t) and then type:

sudo apt-get install wine
wget http://download.cdn.viber.com/cdn/desktop/windows/ViberSetup.exe
wine ViberSetup.exe

 Source:

Question on installing via wine on SO


how to install ubuntu-SDK in ubuntu 14.04 64bit?

I followe the same tuto, but it workedfor me. Although I cannot compile anything because of some dependencies, but Te sdk is installed.


grep with limited recursion when redirect file exists

From man grep:

--exclude=GLOB
      Skip  files  whose  base  name  matches  GLOB  (using   wildcard
      matching).   A  file-name  glob  can  use  *,  ?,  and [...]  as
      wildcards, and \ to quote  a  wildcard  or  backslash  character
      literally.

Therefore:

grep -ri "my_str" ./ >> opt_file.txt --exclude=opt_file.txt

Though I'd just keep the file elsewhere to avoid complications where a similar file also exists in a subdirectory:

grep -ri "my_str" ./ >> ../opt_file.txt
grep -ri "my_str" ./ >> /tmp/opt_file.txt


Have you checked this answer ? How to set default Java version?
It looks like it can answer your problem. You can have multiple Java versions running on your system and change between them with:

sudo update-alternatives --config java


Thunderbird

In Mozilla Thunderbird, go to Edit > Preferences, select the Advanced panel, select the General tab, and click Config Editor.

Search for print_to_filename and adjust the property.

You you fill confident, search for print. and change other settings as well.

I've changed:

print.print_paper_name to iso-a4
print.print_paper_height to 297
print.print_paper_width to 210

Firefox

Just open about:config page and search for the same settings.
You don't have to restart the applications to use the new settings.

Units

There are several measurements used in the settings, like print.print_paper_height or print.print_paper_width.

To use millimeters, set print_paper_size_unit is set to 1. To use inches, set print_paper_size_unit is set to 0.


Despite this being marked as a duplicate, I answered it because the issue was that both the syntax of cat and crontab were off.

There is no existing crontab, and your syntax is off. For example, if I do this with no cron configured, this happens:

$ crontab -l
no crontab for anon

And than you're simply sending the contents of the here doc to stdout.

So first create a crontab file like this:

cat <<- 'EOF' > cron.jobs

   * * * * * cron-task1...
   * * * * * cron-task2...
   * * * * * cron-task3...

EOF

crontab cron.jobs

Than confirm it worked:

crontab -l
 * * * * * cron-task1...
 * * * * * cron-task2...
 * * * * * cron-task3...

The reason why it wasn't working is because crontab -l simply displays the contents of the users cron file to stdout:

From man crontab:

   The -l option causes the current crontab to be displayed on standard output. See the note under DEBIAN SPECIFIC below.

Also, instead of using su , you can use

cat cron.jobs |crontab -u user -

Putting it all together, add this to a script, say cron.sh and try this:

#!/bin/bash
user="$@"
cat <<- 'EOF' > cron.jobs

   * * * * * cron-task1...
   * * * * * cron-task2...
   * * * * * cron-task3...

EOF

cat cron.jobs|crontab -u $user -

And then:

bash cron.sh username

But I think what you were going for was more like:

cat <<< '
* * * * *  cron-task1... ' |crontab -


Ubuntu does not put Fedora into GRUB menu

Mount the other partition, and then run sudo update-grub.

To do that, open nautilus, and then right click the drive like shown below and click "Mount":

After that, run sudo update-grub in a terminal.

Fedora should show up. Now when you reboot, you can select it.


Those are the recommended system requirements for the system to run at its best.  Recommended requirements vs. minimum requirements are two different things.

Your processor is actually a 64bit and capable of running the amd64 release.  That designation amd64 only means that it is for 64bit systems.

Ubuntu actually comes in many different flavors that allow for different types of system configurations.  Ubuntu GNOME is one of the heaviest desktops requiring much more RAM, Video Memory, CPU.  Where Xubuntu and Lubuntu are much more lightweight and require less CPU, RAM, and Video.  I prefer Xubuntu as it is configurable, lightweight and looks good.

This answer here might help in deciding which version of Ubuntu Desktop you want to install.

So, you should be able to install and run Ubuntu 16.04.


WD Black² Dual Drive motor always stops and starts

Did you try the firmware update v5865?

http://support.wd.com/product/download.asp?groupid=2301&sid=222&lang=en


Xubuntu 12.04 - the newest nvidia driver

You can take a look at this, or install directly from the Nvidia drivers page.


How do I replace "Activities" with an application menu in Ubuntu GNOME?

Install and activate GNOME shell extension Applications Menu from here. Visit this webpage via Firefox or Google Chrome, you'll be prompted to install a browser add-on/extension first. Install the add-on/extension and then you'll able to install Applications Menu just by clicking a button.

If you want to disable "Activities" button try Hide Activities Button extension.

If you want to disable hot-corner feature to show Activities overview try No Topleft Hot Corner extension.

Once installed you'll be able to manage extensions from the "Extensions" section of GNOME Tweak Tool.


My laptop brightness doesnot be darker with function key

Try this:

Open a terminal
Run pkexec gedit /etc/default/grub
Type your password and the text editor will open. Find the line containing GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
Change it to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_backlight=vendor".
Save the file and close the text editor.
In the terminal, now type sudo update-grub.
Reboot, and see if it works.

Source: Brightness function keys not working and Ubuntu 12.04 Wifi/Brightness Fn Keys don't work and http://thehtd.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/brightness-problem-in-ubuntu-1204.html

By the way, it would be helpful if you could specify what laptop you're using.


What is BadLock

Badlock is a bug that affects Windows and Samba.

What Can hackers do with this security bug?

Two things:

Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks:
Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks:

The Badlock CVE is: CVE-2016-2118. There are additional CVEs related to Badlock. Those are:

CVE-2015-5370 (Multiple errors in DCE-RPC code)
CVE-2016-2110 (Man in the middle attacks possible with NTLMSSP)
CVE-2016-2111 (NETLOGON Spoofing Vulnerability)
CVE-2016-2112 (LDAP client and server don't enforce integrity)
CVE-2016-2113 (Missing TLS certificate validation)
CVE-2016-2114 ("server signing = mandatory" not enforced)
CVE-2016-2115 (SMB IPC traffic is not integrity protected)

Which versions of samba are affected

3.6.x,
4.0.x,
4.1.x,
4.2.0-4.2.9,
4.3.0-4.3.6,
4.4.0

Fix:

Download the patches for your version of samba, here:

https://www.samba.org/samba/history/security.html

How bad is Badlock?

  The severity of Badlock according to the Common Vulnerability Scoring
  System (CVSS):

  CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C Base: 7.1
  (High); Temporal: 6.4 (Medium)

Notes:

  With the release of Samba 4.4.0 on March 22nd the 4.1 release branch
  has been marked DISCONTINUED (see Samba Release Planning)

Further Reading:

Bad Luck Over The Upcoming Badlock Vulnerability?
WIRED, Hype Around the Mysterious 'Badlock' Bug Raises Criticism

Official badlock website:

Badlock Bug

Links:

GitHub: samba-team/samba:

Official GitHub mirror of https://git.samba.org/samba.git


I think there are 2 possible ways:

You can download the Ubuntu 12.04 ISO-Image an use this for upgrade.
You can set the update-manager to check for LTS-Versions. You find an options button in the Update Manager and select the tab Update, in the bottom should be a list, which versions should be checked.


Just use nmap from another computer - this will scan and show all the open ports on your machine, as well as hardware and software information it is possible to get from it.

Just run:

sudo nmap -A -O IP_ADDRESS

or for more informative output:

sudo nmap -A -O -vvv IP_ADDRESS

You may need to install it with sudo apt-get install nmap first. atleast, that is the command for an Ubuntu/Debian machine.

For example, if I run this:

sudo nmap -A -O -vvv 192.168.1.6

it shows:

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-12-22 16:32 GMT
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.6
Host is up (0.00037s latency).
Not shown: 991 filtered ports
PORT     STATE  SERVICE      VERSION
21/tcp   closed ftp
22/tcp   open   ssh
2049/tcp closed nfs
MAC Address: **:**:**:**:**:** (MANUFACTURER-OF-NETWORKING-HARDWARE)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 2.6.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6
OS details: Linux 2.6.9 - 2.6.27
Network Distance: 1 hop

TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT     ADDRESS
1   0.37 ms 192.168.1.6

OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 13.24 seconds

This shows that it currently only has the ssh port open to access, on port 22, with the ftp and nfs ports available, but closed, on 21 and 2049 ports.

Yes, I have edited secret info out of the above output - including MAC Address: **:**:**:**:**:** (MANUFACTURER-OF-NETWORKING-HARDWARE)

Hope this helps


Can not login after fresh install, how to debug?

This trick worked for me...then I wrote the steps in this post:

http://www.computerandyou.net/2011/10/how-to-solve-unable-to-login-into-ubuntu-11-10/

Try it and do tell me if it works for you as well


Brother Printer driver install without Internet?

this page http://support.brother.com/g/b/downloadlist.aspx?c=nz&lang=en&prod=hll2340dw_us_eu_as&os=128 lists the appropriate drivers for your printer. This page on installing the lpr driver http://support.brother.com/g/b/downloadlist.aspx?c=nz&lang=en&prod=hll2340dw_us_eu_as&os=128 gives more details: so you only need the lpr driver it seems; 0.03MB file and if you also do the cups driver it is 0.02MB so if you install the drivers; then from the PRINTERS folder select ADD NEW it should search for and find this HLL2340DW


Open the Terminal .go to the file location using cd command and use the java command to run any .jar file:

java -jar minecraft.jar


Copy (CRTL+C) fails recurrently in first time it is used

I found out this was related to the focus policy.

Since I had mouse focus policy configured, sometimes CTRL + C would not copy since the window I was trying to copy from did not have focus.

I changed the focus policy to follow click instead of mouse, and the problem seems to be solved.


How the code works and why

There's 3 main things going on here:

$@ is special shell variable that expands to all command-line arguments to script
${cmdline:-/bin/bash} is one of the parameter expansion structures; if cmdline variable is unset or empty,  the whole ${} portion gets replaced with whatever comes after - sign, in this case /bin/bash ; this is sort of a short-hand for if statement or ternary operator in other programming languages ( not exactly, but good enough for comparison)
exec is used to spawn a process that will overtake current process's PID, i.e. simply replace  your script process with whatever was inside that ${}

Putting all that together the code simply takes command-line arguments and runs them, and if there's no command-line arguments to script - you get interactive bash shell. Note that you could also pass options to exec that are mentioned in documentation - compare ./exec_script.sh  -c env and ./exec_script.sh env.

Good in theory, bad in practice

The approach itself might seem convoluted, but it is frequent to see this approach with exec in wrapper scripts - a script sets up environment and  checks variables before organizing everything to run actual command. The difference here is that in wrapper scripts command is set - a wrapper script usually sets up environment and arguments for running just one particular program.

By contrast, this script aims at running whatever user puts on command-line. And this has a problem because of how shell works - given command-line arguments that contain special characters, the command you intend to run might break. Here's what I mean:

# This is how it's supposed to work
$ printf 'one%stwo' $'\t'
one     two

# This is how it works with unquoted parameter expansion
$ ./exec_script.sh  printf 'one%stwo' $'\t'
onetwo

Imagine if you're trying to use that script to run my_cool_command filename$'\t'with$'\t'tabs.txt; at best - command-breaks, but if you also have filenamewithtab.txt file in your current folder, my_cool_command will operate on completely wrong file. And quoting parameter expansion doesn't help either, because then it breaks:

$ ./exec_script.sh  printf 'one%stwo' $'\t'
./exec_script.sh: line 4: exec: printf one%stwo     : not found

Relevant documentation

Here's relevant portion about parameter expansion from bash (version 4.3) manual:

  ${parameter:-word}

  Use  Default  Values.   If parameter is unset or null, the expansion of word is substituted.  Otherwise, the value of parameter is substituted.

"Special Parameters" section:

  @       Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.  When the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a separate  word. That  is,  "$@"  is  equivalent to "$1" "$2" ...  If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last part of the original word.  When  there are no positional parameters, "$@" and $@ expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed).

From "Shell Builtin Commands" section:

  exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments]]

  If command is specified, it replaces the shell.  No new process is created.  The arguments become the arguments to command.  If the -l option is supplied,  the shell places a dash at the beginning of the zeroth argument passed to command.  This is what login(1) does.  The -c option causes command to be executed with an empty environment.  If -a is supplied, the shell passes name as the zeroth argument to the executed command.  If command  can‐not  be  executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, unless the execfail shell option is enabled.  In that case, it returns failure.  An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed.  If command is not specified, any redirections take effect in  the  current  shell, and the return status is 0.  If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.

Conclusion and thoughts

This script itself has a good idea in theory, but poor in practice. The exec command will work well in wrapper scripts, and in fact as one of top users on Unix & Linux site,  Gilles , mentioned "...exec also saves a bit of memory (and other resources such as PIDs etc.) since it there's no need to keep an extra shell around with nothing left to do". But the script in this case aims at reinventing the wheel and doing what shell already does well enough - i.e. running commands with arguments.


Where do I find Ubuntu's PGP signatures and signing keys?

There are MD5, SHA and SHA256 SUMS, gpg files, and ISO images here http://releases.ubuntu.com/14.04/


Xubuntu recently started to report crashes about Web content

I suspect it is related to btrfs filesystem. I had this sort of problem with Chrome too before, but it looked differently. Chrome didn't start at all.
I cleared Firefox cache and it seems that crashes have stopped.
Now I removed the .mozilla directory, created it again and set nodatacow attribute on it by
sudo chattr +C ~/.mozilla

I am not sure that this is a real solution, bet we'll see.
It is always recommended to set this attribute on browser caches, but I forgot this time.


Error message on startup using a Ubuntu USB stick

Try 32-bit (i386) version.
make sure usb burn with rufus or etcher.
if not work try ubuntu 16.04.
.
.
Thanks


make ctrl+t open a new (chrome) tab when outside of chrome

Warning: The solution posted here will work to satisfy the issue posted, however, will render the Ctrl+t shortcutl useless for applications such as firefox, nautilus which use it to open tabs, similar to google-chrome even if no google-chrome windows are open.

The key here is to capture the window ID of google chrome, if it is open. This can be done using wmctrl, grep and awk(or with other applications too). Once you get the window ID, you can send any desired keystroke using xdotool.

wmctrl and xdotool are not available on a default installation. You can install them from the software center or by typing the following on a terminal:

sudo apt-get install wmctrl xdotool

and then paste the following to a file(give it your favourite filename and remember the filename, if you want it to be hidden, start the filename with a ., I am using .google_chrome_system_tab_open as the filename):

windowid=$(wmctrl -l | grep "Google Chrome" | awk -F ' ' '{print $1}') && xdotool key --window $windowid ctrl+t

Then press Alt+F2 and type the following:

chmod +x /path/to/the/file

replacing /path/to/the/file with the location of the file where you pasted the above set of commands, which in my case is /home/jobin/.google_chrome_system_tab_open.

Now, go to System settings -> Keyboard -> Shortcuts -> Custom Shortcuts and click on the + to add a new shortcut.

Provide a name to the shortcut(I am using "Google Chrome System tab open") and the paste the following in the text box ahead of "Command: "

/path/to/the/file

And then you can set the desired keystroke for this command; Ctrl+t in your case.

If you use something like Ctrl+; as the shortcut, you could be preserving Ctrl+t as the shortcut for firefox and nautilus.


For anyone who is having this problem, I managed to solve it. I hooked the mouse up to a windows system, installed the software, and assigned keystroke macros to the keys that weren't working (ctrl-c, crtl-x, ect.) This allowed me to assign the buttons in game. This is a nice work around until Logitech finally gives us Linux support!


Blank Screen/Command prompt on Ubuntu/Window 8.1 daul boot toshiba laptop

Finally I was able to resolve the issue. Following is the summary

Issue #1 I believe  sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-intel was installing incorrect drivers for Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. (Expert opinion is sorted)

Solution: Sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-lts-precise

Issue #2 The following errors we observed.

"Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/Release"

Based on the following thread poor internet connection might have contributed to the issue. Thus went to local library to mitigate the issue.

Issue #3 There might have been some package management issues, suggest by this post.

Made the following changes to sources.list file to mitigate issues #3.

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

The following line were added at beginning of the file

deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt precise-security main restricted universe multiverse

All in all the Windows 8.1/Ubuntu 12.04 LTS stared to work as expected.

Thank you community for sharing suggestions. Hopefully someone else can benifit from these notes.


I receive the error 'grub-install /dev/sda failed' while attempting to install Ubuntu as the computer's only OS.

I had the same issue.

Solved it by first clicking on the 'Try Ubuntu' button and then on the 'Install Ubuntu' desktop shortcut.


How to burn an existing recovery partition to iso?

I'd dd the partition contents to a file, zip it and burn to CD/DVD.

To copy contents of a partition to a file named recovery_partition.img in your home directory, use the following command:

  dd if=/dev/sdaX of=~/recovery_partition.img

where /dev/sdaX should be replaced by the name of the partition you'd like to back up.

To find out the name of the partition, use Disk Utility (System > Administration > Disk Utility).


Webcam error crashes install before generic avatar can be selected, Installing with Secondary screen - Primary broken

Enter BIOS settings for the Vaio and turn the web cam off.  When you get to the section in the install to select the Avatar, simply click on one of the alternate avatars to the right and continue with the installation.

Since you don't appear to be able to turn the camera off in BIOS, we could try removing the module for it before you start the install.  Boot up the LiveCD or LiveUSB and select "try Ubuntu"  When you get to the desktop open a terminal window and type:

sudo modprobe -r uvcvideo

Then click "install".

Removing the generic USB webcam device module should prevent the  install program from trying to use the camera when it gets to the avatar setup page.


I think you are looking at this wrong, first install ubuntu to a hdd or a persistent usb so you can make changes.

Now it is installed you can download and install the kernel you want

wget kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.7.3/linux-headers-4.7.3-040703_4.7.3-040703.201609070334_all.deb]
wget kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.7.3/linux-headers-4.7.3-040703-generic_4.7.3-040703.201609070334_amd64.deb
wget kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.7.3/linux-image-4.7.3-040703-generic_4.7.3-040703.201609070334_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i 'linux-headers-4.7*.deb' 'linux-image-4.7*.deb'

Now reboot

sudo reboot

Now you can use something like Pinguy (a remastersys fork)

wget downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pinguy-os/ISO_Builder/pinguybuilder_4.3-8_all-beta.deb?r=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fpinguy-os%2Ffiles%2FISO_Builder%2F&ts=1473803400&use_mirror=heanet
sudo dpkg -i pinguybuilder_4.3-8_all-beta.deb

To create an exact copy of the running system, including the kernel and any other changes you wish to make and it should give you a bootable ISO at the end.

Alternatively, you can now just pull the vmlinuz and initrd.gz from the working system's /boot folder and add it to your ISO.


Intel 631xESB/632xESB High Definition Audio 20.04 Modules

I finally found the solution to my issue. momsab's solution worked for me!
I'm assuming one of the packages in:
sudo apt-get install dkms build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r` alsa-base alsa-firmware-loaders alsa-oss alsa-source alsa-tools alsa-tools-gui alsa-utils alsamixergui

solved my issue.


You need to enable multiverse repositories to install rar. There's also a separate package called unrar

To enable multiverse, run

sudo software-properties-gtk

there you'll need to make sure it is selected.

Then run

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rar


It appears VMware Player cannot locate the VM's hard drive. You'll need to reattach it. If you didn't make one to begin with, you'll need to do so or remove the SATA device from the VM.

Browse for SATA hard drive:

Screenshot 1
Screenshot 2
Screenshot 3
Screenshot 4
Screenshot 5
Screenshot 6
Screenshot 7
Screenshot 8


how to install JTDX package I downloaded

The amd64 in the name is traditional naming for 64-bit (AMD64) CPU architecture. Now it is universal for both Intel and AMD.
About the installation - it is straightforward - download deb-file and install by double clicking on it.
For example from terminal with assumption that deb-file was saved in ~/Downloads folder:
cd ~/Downloads
sudo apt-get install ./jtdx-2.1.0-rc150_2004_amd64.deb

Then you have to install one additional dependency to allow application to launch with
sudo apt-get install libgfortran5

And then you can launch JTDX and use it.


How to change cursor in Ubuntu 11.10 "GNOME Classic"

Use gnome-tweak-tool. Go to Theme > Cursor Theme


From the RAID page on Ubuntu Wiki:

Hardware Raid

Real hardware raid systems are very rare and are almost always provided by a card
such as a PCI card. Your hardware will need kernel level support in order to work
with Ubuntu. You can find out if is is supported without much work by booting a Live
CD. Your array should be visible as a scsi block device and if it has existing
partitions and file systems, mountable.

So it seems like if Ubuntu is unable to see your BIOS RAID configuration, then perhaps the RAID controller chip is not supported by the Linux kernel in at least the version of Ubuntu you're using as a Live boot image.


Edit: This doesn't answer the question, see comments.

I suppose you are searching for the information in the status area of nautilus. This is a screenshot from Ubuntu 10.10:


I reinstalled the OS.  Fixed the problem.

I suspect that one of the packages that Ubuntu offered as "extras" that I previously installed must have been hijacking port 22 or something.

Anyway, I did not select any of the extras.  Clean system works.


firefox not working after trying to dowload firefox 34.0.5

Even if you're using Ubuntu 14.04 and had the trusty-updates repo activated, you could upgrade to Firefox 34.0+build2-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 with sudo apt-get install firefox (after apt-get update -ing).

I don't know exactly what you did to your system, but if you extracted a tar archive to some folders & changed links & stuff, you should probably reverse & undo whatever you did, then use the regular/official Ubuntu repo & update the regular way.

Installing by downloading the binaries straight from mozilla can work, usually, but it's far easier & usually more stable to use the official repos, built & tested for Ubuntu.


Virtual Host showing error 11001 even after chown and chmod

Your ServerName and ServerAlias do not match the URLs you tried to open:
http://tasdikr-1081310234.com and http://tasdikr-1081310234. Try opening http://www.tasdikr-1081310234.com.


How would one produce 8/16 bit music on Linux?

What you probably want is a tracker, to organize, create, and modify sounds. Here are some sources

I like milkytracker, which takes a little getting used to. its interface isn't what I would call intuitive, but it has some neat features, like being able to draw the sound you want to make.
There are numerous online tutorials as well.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=maip6QAAVRQ


How to split currently used partition on Ubuntu server?

You can download gParted Live CD which is capable of resizing partitions:

Note that gparted cannot safely resize actively mounted partitions, so you will need to do this from a LiveCD.


How can I increase the size of a linux partition from an unloccated

It would be possible to add  20 GB of unallocated space with the existing /dev/sda6 ext4 partition.

Boot from Ubuntu live disk or gparted live disk.
Open gparted partition editor and make sure that all the partitions are unmounted.
Right-click on the /dev/sda3 partition and select Resize/Move option. Now add the unallocated space with it by extending the left arrow to the extreme left. So the unallocated space which was just above to the extended partition will get inside to the extended partition.
Now the unallocated space will be on the top(just above to /dev/sda6) or at the bottom(just below to /dev/sda5) of extended partition.
If it is located at the top of extended partition, you can directly increase the size of /dev/sda6 root partition by right-clicking on /dev/sda6 and selecting the Resize/Move option.
If it is located at the bottom, you have to move the unallocated space  just below to /dev/sda6 partition, so that you can be able to resize /dev/sda6 with the unallocated space.
Right-click on the /dev/sda5 and select Resize/Move option. Move the dragger to the extreme right, so that the unallcated space which was present just below to the swap partition will move to the place(just above to swap partition).
Now you can increase the size of /dev/sda6 partition.


You installed a 32-bit version of VirtualBox. That is wrong for your 64-bit system.

Run

sudo apt purge virtualbox-5.1:i386

and install the 64-bit version using dpkg.


From a virtual machine, how can't I access the host by name?

The solution was to append .lan to the hostname:

$ ping calchas.lan
PING calchas.lan (192.168.2.207) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from calchas.lan (192.168.2.207): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.151 ms


second monitor blank after login on Kubuntu

It might help to load arandr (the "Screen Layout Editor") and reorient your monitors using the gui. Let arandr generate an xrandr line for you (Layout --> Save As).  arandr is apt-get if you don't already have it.

If execution of the xrandr line displays the output of both monitors, the line can be appended to ~/.profile.  Alternately, one can use the xrandr information in xorg.conf.


Sound not as loud on Ubuntu 16.04 as was on Windows

I had a similar problem to you.  Unfortunately, I don't know the underlying cause.

I was using Ubuntu 16.04 in VirtualBox and had the same problem.  When I reinstalled Ubuntu on VirtualBox and then upgraded to Ubuntu 17.04, the sound issue was resolved.

So, upgrading to Ubuntu 17.04 may fix your problem, if that is an option.


Can I install MS OFFICE 2013 (Genuine Version) inside Wine in Lubuntu 14.10?

Once you've installed Wine (available in the Software Centre), these are the steps you need to follow to install a program in Wine.

Locate the installation .exe
Right click on the .exe and choose 'Properties'
Tick the box: 'Allow executing file as program'
Now double click the .exe to open it as you would a normal program
Follow the installation instructions the way you would on Windows

Hope I helped :)

Source: How to Install Windows Programs in Ubuntu - WikiHow


525 m nvidia grapic card is not work in Linux

I recommend to download and install the driver from nvidia directly. Following steps are necessary:

Download the latest linux driver for your card from Nvidia

store it in a folder, e.g. /tmp/NVIDIA###.run

Close all running programs and save all changes to any open documents!!!

Switch to plain text console (CTRL + ALT + F1) and log in as normal user
make the .run file executrable with:

chmod +x /tmp/NVIDIA###.run
stop the graphical window manager:

sudo initctl stop gdm
install the driver:

/tmp/NVIDIA###.run

Follow the instructions - warnings might appear but usually can be considered harmless

restart the graphical window manager:

sudo initctl start gdm
switch back to workspace by pressing CTRL + ALT + F7 or F8

(replaye NVIDIA### by the original filename of the file downloaded)s


You can try installing the Cairo dock which looks like the equivalent of the launcher in Mac. All you have to do is that you have to boot into Ubuntu, open the terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T). Then give the command sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cairo-dock-team/ppa to install the PPA and then give the command sudo apt-get update. Then install Cairo-dock via the command: sudo apt-get install cairo-dock cairo-dock-plug-ins. It should do the job.


Installing fressh 18.04 Bionic Beaver unto new laptop and Nvidia-390 drivers cause DGM3 to hang on startup

So I was never able to get 18.04 working, but a fresh install of 16.04 LTS with nvidia-384 drivers did the trick! I'll make sure to post this in launch pad as well.


Cron works, but scheduled job to open webpage in chrome does not

Edit the crontab with export DISPLAY wrapper:

2 * * * * export DISPLAY=:0 && firefox %u

This opens an empty Firefox tab, you can use you favourite URL.


Assuming you have the installation file in .rpm format(that oracle jdk ships with)

sudo apt-get install alien
alien <filename>.rpm
dpkg -i <filename>.deb

Note - Alien is the a package that converts rpm to deb

Or what I would actually suggest you to do is

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

And follow the onscreen instructions. 'Strikingly simple' of-course

Sorry, you asked for offline instructions


Battery is fully charged but when I unplug my laptop it shows battery is low

Usually a laptop battery is composed of few battery cells. Same way, your battery will be made of some battery cells. Few of those cells might be dead now. That is the problem.

To make you much more clear, I can say like this. Lets say that your battery have 6 battery cells in it. When you bought it, all the 6 cells would have been alive. So it would have taken much time to get 100% charged. As well, it would have been taken more time to give a low battery warning. Lets say that 4 of your battery cells are damaged now. So your battery just have 2 live cells. Now, a very less time is enough to get your 2-cell-battery charged completely. Since it is a 2-cell-battery it drains much faster than your original-undamaged-battery. Hope you have got some knowledge about your battery. To know a bid more about battery-tech look here.

Possible Solutions:

Buy a new battery.
Look through this link and try to restore your dying battery.


Good Luck!

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get update


Teamviewer 12 GUI doesn't start after upgrade to 17.10

It works but i doesnt run under Wayland desktop enviroment , it works under Gnome


How can I convert an Android app to an app for Ubuntu for phones?

You can't change native android app to ubuntu phone without porting source code Because both have entirly diffrent API. In the case of html5 apps, you can use same code for both android and ubuntu phone.


Access VNC server running in Android from Ubuntu

Go to the phone settings --> about. Find the IP address.

Then, in VNC viewer, connect to IP:address:5901 (5901 stands for localhost:1)


Why does uninstalling bootchart makes Lubuntu slower?

I have semi-good news to report. But first, thank you Bruno Pereira for editing my post - you can see English is not my native tongue. And thank you izx for your support.

I went to the bios setup and changed the SATA mode from AHCI to compatibility. My netbook now can boot up in ~ 30 seconds w/out any help from the bootchart. Why it is so, I do not know. And I still do not know the answer to the original question. But I am happy now.


The PPA you have currently doesn't have installation candidates for Ubuntu 16.04, so you are getting 404 errors. From this r/Ubuntu post in Reddit, you can use the PPA at https://launchpad.net/~vthompson/+archive/ubuntu/ppa:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:vthompson/ppa
sudo apt update


Stubborn zoomed text in Nautilus / Nemo, whichever set as default

Open a terminal and type the following commands: (assuming user is your old user name)
sudo adduser user2

and follow the instructions on-screen.  If you're not on a US keyboard, don't use any "special" characters like £ à ŷ ü nor any numbers unless they're from your keypad.
Now type the following commands:
sudo adduser user2 adm
sudo adduser user2 cdrom
sudo adduser user2 sudo
sudo adduser user2 dip
sudo adduser user2 plugdev
sudo adduser user2 lpadmin
sudo adduser user2 sambashare

(If any of the above gives an error like group not found, don't worry: I'm trying to be thorough)
Log out of this session and log in as user2

Open the file manager
Browse to the /home/user directory
Copy (don't move!) all the files from Downloads to /home/user2/Downloads
Check you did a good job.
Now delete /home/user/Downloads
Go back to step 3 and repeat for Documents, Videos, ...
In a terminal type the following command: deluser user --remove-home

Result:
You have a new user without the problem...


how to backup/restore the host key in ssh server

You can backup those keys from /etc/ssh/ssh_host*
You can also backup all in /etc/ssh directory so that you keep all config and keys.
And to restore put your keys back in the same location /etc/ssh


Are you executing the tar command from the directory (folder) that the .tar.gz file is in?

If it's saved in ~/Downloads you need to first navigate to the Downloads folder:

cd ~/Downloads

then continue with the rest of the commands


Stopping forwarding a dynamic port mid session

You've got to be using an out-of-date version of OpenSSH. Cancellation of local/dynamic forwardings was added in 6.0.

  What's new in OpenSSH 6.0:
  April 23rd, 2012

  Features:
  ...
  - ssh(1): support for cancelling local and remote port forwards via the multiplex socket. Use ssh -O cancel -L xx:xx:xx -R yy:yy:yy user@host" to request the cancellation of the specified forwardings
  - support cancellation of local/dynamic forwardings from ~C commandline


Can't install AMD Catalyst drivers on 13.04

In order to install Catalyst 13.4 please refer to those instructions:
http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu_Raring_Installation_Guide#Installing_Proprietary_Drivers_a.k.a._Catalyst.2Ffglrx


RealVNC v5.3.0 not connecting when accessing Ubuntu 15.10 from a window PC

Credit goes to this guy...
http://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/remote-desktop-sharing-in-ubuntu-14-04/1640

Turn off Vino encryption

gsettings set org.gnome.Vino require-encryption false


The reason my NETGEAR 341U usb modem was not connecting is i skip a step in the Instructions (AC341U Linux Support Guide v1_2.pdf and Linux Support S2.12N2.21.zip):

Device Driver
Provided in the zip file, are two drivers Gobi-Serial and Gobi-Net. Gobi-Serial driver is used to communicate with AT serial port. Gobi-Net driver is used to make data
connections.

System Requirements
The instructions about device driver installation specified in this document are Linux
distribution independent. The device driver supports Linux kernel versions from 2.6.x to
3.5.0.23. This document uses screenshots from Ubuntu 12.04 to show the Network-
Manager behavior.

You can check your kernel version of Linux with these commands:

uname –r
lsb_release –a

Installation
Installation requires administrative privileges for your Linux system. Copy the
Gobi-Net and Gobi-Serial driver folders to your desktop and then to to /usr/src

Example:

sudo cp –avr /home/user1/Desktop/GobiNet /usr/src
sudo cp –avr /home/user1/Desktop/GobiSerial /usr/src

Once you have copied the driver folders to /usr/src issue the following commands
to recompile the drivers.

cd /usr/src/GobiNet
sudo make all
sudo make install
cd /usr/src/GobiSerial
sudo make all
sudo make install

I reread the instructions and did what they said.

My NETGEAR 341U usb modem works great!


Install of Ubuntu inside windows question

See this tutorial to resize wubi

  Click here


Filing a bug is your best bet, this isn't affecting all users.  If the software doesn't work as expected, it is a bug and it should be filed.  I can't speak for everyone, but I truely appreciate bug reports.  They are a vital part of development, we can't fix what we don't know is broken.

Please help make Ubuntu better by filing a bug and including the gwibber log file which can be found in ~/.cache/gwibber/gwibber.log


Wifi rtl8821ce driver stopped working after upgrading to Ubuntu 19.10

From the comments...

$ dkms status
bcmwl, 6.30.223.271+bdcom, 5.3.0-22-generic, x86_64: installed
rtl8821ce, 5.2.5.2.1.30816.20190425, 5.3.0-22-generic, x86_64: installed

Uninstall your current dkms driver (https://github.com/tomaspinho/rtl8821ce)...

cd rtl8821ce          # old source folder
sudo ./dkms-remove.sh # uninstall old dkms driver
dkms status

Now we make sure that duplicate 8821ce drivers have been removed...

sudo lspci -nnk | grep 0280 -A3 | grep modules

If you need a different driver, try this one... https://github.com/shubham151/rtl8821ce. (git clone https://github.com/shubham151/rtl8821ce.git). Don't follow the ReadMe there for how to install it, rather, follow the same procedure that you did before, so that you get the dkms install.

git clone https://github.com/shubham151/rtl8821ce.git # git clone new driver
cd rtl8821ce             # new source folder
chmod +x dkms-install.sh # make executable
chmod +x dkms-remove.sh  # make executable
sudo ./dkms-install.sh   # install new dkms driver

Update #1:

uninstalled bcmwl dkms module
uninstalled rtl8821ce dkms module
reinstalled rtl8821ce from .deb file


Using a drive taken by StoreMI in Ubuntu dual boot

You cannot use StoreMI enabled disks with Linux, because it is software based requiring special drivers in Windows. Without a port of the proprietary StoreMI software, you won't be able to access data within disks allocated through it.


Failed to Perform dissociation handshake for TOE

I removed the TOE key from my motherboard, which is right next to the sideplane and power interfaces. I reenabled my NICs in bios, as you obviously can't use the server if it isn't networked in.

This has effectively solved my problem combined with the information I put before.

New mobos don't support TOE, so remove the key, and reenable the NICs.


How do I set a monitor resolution that is not available in the Display Settings dialog?

(1) Get Modeline for your desired resolution

Use cvt.  Here is an example for 1280x1024 resolution.  Note that the third parameter (frequency) is optional.  If your owner's manual specifies a refresh rate frequency, you may use that as input to cvt, or you can just leave it blank to keep things simple.

$ cvt 1280 1024 60

The output will look something like this.

# 1280x1024 60.03 Hz (CVT) hsync: 63.81 kHz; pclk: 109.25 MHz
Modeline "1280x1024_60"  109.25  1280 1368 1496 1712  1024 1027 1034 1063 -hsync +vsync

(2) Create a new xrandr modeline

Use the Modeline output from cvt to create a new mode for xrandr.

$ xrandr --newmode "1280x1024_60"  109.25  1280 1368 1496 1712  1024 1027 1034 1063 -hsync +vsync

(3) Determine which display we need to modify

After running the following command, notice that VGA1 is the currently connected display, in this example,so we will use it in step number 4, below.

$ xrandr
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1280 x 1024, maximum 32767 x 32767
VGA1 connected 1280x1024+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm
   1280x1024_60.00   59.9 +
   1024x768       60.0
   800x600        60.3     56.2
   848x480        60.0
   640x480        59.9
   1280x1024_60   60.0*
DVI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
TV1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

(4) Create a new xrandr mode

Use the display name from step 3.  Use the mode name from step number 2, but leave out the quotes.

$ xrandr --addmode VGA1 1280x1024_60

(5) Change the screen resolution

Specify the display name and the mode name

$ xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1280x1024_60

(6) Get the monitor to automatically adjust

If the monitor has an "Auto Adjust" button, press it to automatically center and scale the output.  Otherwise, use the manual buttons on your monitor to do this.

(7) Create an xorg.conf file

If you like the resolution settings, you can make them permanent by specifying this information in an xorg.conf file.

Put the modeline from step 1 into the "Monitor" section.  You may replace "My Monitor" with a descriptive name for your monitor, as long as you use the same name in the "Screen" section.

Note that the "Device" section is used to specify your graphics card/chip and the driver you are using; Identifier may be any name you chose, as long as you use the same name in the "Screen" section.  But you must use the correct driver name for your graphics card/chip on the Driver line.  You can use $ lshw -c video | grep configuration to get your graphics driver name.

Although I have not tested this, it may be possible to exclude the "Device" section, as long as you also delete the corresponding Device line in the "Screen" section.

$ sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Enter information into the file, save, and exit.  Here is an example using the 1280x1024 modeline from above and an intel graphics driver.

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier  "My Monitor"
    Modeline    "1280x1024_60"  109.25  1280 1368 1496 1712  1024 1027 1034 1063 -hsync +vsync
    Option      "PreferredMode" "1280x1024_60"
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "Intel"
    Driver      "intel"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier "Default Screen"
    Monitor     "My Monitor"
    Device      "Intel"
    Defaultdepth 24
    SubSection  "Display"
        Modes   "1280x1024_60"
    EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "ServerLayout"
    Identifier  "Default Layout"
    Screen      "Default Screen"
EndSection

If something goes wrong, you can boot into recovery mode and edit or delete /etc/X11/xorg.conf.

Finally, you can take a look at Ubuntu Wiki Resolution for more information.


Ubuntu 14.04.1 won't boot correctly after a fresh instalation

I ran into the same issue with my system that has similar specs.  I was able to get my system to boot by booting into recovery mode with the graphics fail safe settings enabled.

Instructions for booting with low graphic settings

Boot PC leaving SHIFT pressed to make the GRUB Menu show.
Select Recovery Mode which will continue booting correctly until the Recovery Menu appeares.
Select from the recovery menu failsafeX.

This allowed me to use my system some before installing another graphics card, but you might be able to update the graphics card driver at this point.  This link has some directions for attempting driver updates.

System Specs - Processor: AMD Athlon x2 64 bit 2 Gig of RAM Hard Drive 200 Gig, from Windows XP.


This worked for me:

Enter rfkill unblock all in Terminal and then try to enable wireless, it should work now.


Ubuntu not saving files and settings when running from flash drive

The easiest way to do this is to install Ubuntu on the flash drive with dedicated storage. If you use UNetbootin to create your flash drive you can specify how much space you want to allocate to the persistent storage. In the image below I allocated 2GB to it as an example.

If you want to use the flash drive to run Ubuntu I would recommend allocating all the free space to on the disk to it. The obvious advantage being you will have more room to install your favorite applications.


Volume hotkeys not working on P55-a5312 laptop

You can use xev to see what keycode is received by the X display manager when you press the volume keys. In a terminal type xev, then while the little window it opens is active press the volume key and check the output on the terminal. You should see something like this :

  KeyPress event, serial 33, synthetic NO, window 0xc00001,
      root 0xc5, subw 0x0, time 63238943, (174,171), root:(176,173),
      state 0x0, keycode 123 (keysym 0x1008ff13, XF86AudioRaiseVolume), same_screen YES,
      XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
      XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:
      XFilterEvent returns: False

  KeyRelease event, serial 33, synthetic NO, window 0xc00001,
      root 0xc5, subw 0x0, time 63239050, (174,171), root:(176,173),
      state 0x0, keycode 123 (keysym 0x1008ff13, XF86AudioRaiseVolume), same_screen YES,
      XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
      XFilterEvent returns: False

The interesting part is the keycode. With this you can look at xmodmap -pke | lessand see what this keycode is bound to. In my system I have keycode 123 = XF86AudioRaiseVolume NoSymbol XF86AudioRaiseVolume for the volume up key. You can set whatever keycode you found with xev to this by running xmodmap -e "keycode xxx = XF86AudioRaiseVolume NoSymbol XF86AudioRaiseVolume".


Why is preemption disabled by default for a desktop edition?

For those that want it, Ubuntu provides a low latency version of the kernel. It has a basic tick rate of 1000 Hertz instead of 250 Hertz and it has CONFIG_PREEMPT set.

Here is a complete list of kernel configuration differences for kernel 4.0RC2:

doug@s15:~/temp-k-git-3.10rc4/linux$ diff .config-4.0.0-040000rc2-generic .config-4.0.0-040000rc2-lowlatency
3c3
< # Linux/x86_64 4.0.0-040000rc2-generic Kernel Configuration
---
> # Linux/x86_64 4.0.0-040000rc2-lowlatency Kernel Configuration
133c133
< CONFIG_TREE_RCU=y
---
> CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU=y
144a145
> # CONFIG_RCU_BOOST is not set
250d250
< CONFIG_OPTPROBES=y
380,384d379
< CONFIG_INLINE_SPIN_UNLOCK_IRQ=y
< CONFIG_INLINE_READ_UNLOCK=y
< CONFIG_INLINE_READ_UNLOCK_IRQ=y
< CONFIG_INLINE_WRITE_UNLOCK=y
< CONFIG_INLINE_WRITE_UNLOCK_IRQ=y
458,459c453,455
< CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY=y
< # CONFIG_PREEMPT is not set
---
> # CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY is not set
> CONFIG_PREEMPT=y
> CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT=y
567c563
< CONFIG_HZ_250=y
---
> # CONFIG_HZ_250 is not set
569,570c565,566
< # CONFIG_HZ_1000 is not set
< CONFIG_HZ=250
---
> CONFIG_HZ_1000=y
> CONFIG_HZ=1000
5008d5003
< CONFIG_DRM_I810=m
7518a7514
> # CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT is not set
7582a7579
> # CONFIG_PREEMPT_TRACER is not set


Visual Studio Code should show up in Ubuntu Software application if you search for "vscode" or it can be installed from the terminal by running the command sudo snap install code --classic A snap in classic confinement behaves as a traditionally packaged application with full access to the system, and Visual Studio Code extensions are installed into the user's home directory.
Visual Studio Code is not an full=featured IDE. For this reason it is not possible to create a project in Visual Studio Code, like it is in Visual Studio. On the other hand it is possible to run Python, C, C++, JavaScript, PHP, Java, R and some other programming language code blocks directly in Visual Studio Code using the Code Runner extension. It is also possible to run HTML code in an external web browser using the open in browser extension. Visual Studio Code is a lot smaller than Microsoft Visual Studio, however many Visual Studio extensions can also be installed in Visual Studio Code by selecting View -> Extensions and then search for the extension that you want to install.


Ubuntu GNOME 17.04 stuck on login screen

I got the same problem with ubuntu 17.04 on a fresh install.
The issue was the graphical part (nvidia/intel on board), so on the login I :

Switch to a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+F1
Install nvidia driver and nvidia prime

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
  sudo apt-get update
  ubuntu-drivers devices
  sudo apt-get install nvidia-(number) nvidia-prime

Switch from nvidia to intel in a terminal

  sudo prime-select intel
  sudo prime-select nvidia

When using nvidia, it was ok!


Parallels: Scale title bars and menu not working

I recall experiencing something like this when I had a 14.04 VM. My solution was simply to change the resolution to the equivalent of my screen size. If all else fails, try a different VM client like VirtualBox!


How to install the apt-get command, when it's itself been removed?

Why 11.10? That's going out of support in a month... I'll actually be easier and faster to reinstall, using a newer version.

If you really want to stick to the old version, download http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/apt_0.8.16~exp5ubuntu13_i386.deb (32 bit) or http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/apt_0.8.16~exp5ubuntu13_amd64.deb (if you have a 64-bit system) and install with sudo dpkg -i apt_*.deb.


How to make Phillips SAA713x TV tuner card work?

run thses commands :)

sudo modprobe -vr saa7134_dvb
sudo modprobe -vr saa7134_alsa
sudo modprobe -vr saa7134
sudo modprobe -v saa7134 card=21


Unable to install qt511-meta-full from PPA:beineri on Ubuntu 16.04: qt511doc package does not exist

Try to use repo for qt 5.11.1 instead of 5.11.0.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:beineri/opt-qt-5.11.1-xenial


Do I need an active network connection to run boot-repair on the terminal?

Yes, most commands using apt-get will require connectivity.

You could use another computer, and download the LiveCD version of the tool, which you could use on your computer.


Permanently change the keyboard layout via command line

You are probably looking for:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources sources "[('xkb', 'gb')]"

But with that said, changing /etc/default/keyboard as you suggested makes sense too. That setting is effective on the login screen and TTYs.


Automatically sign package files from debuild and upload with dput

I found the following solution with debsign and the -p option:

use debuild without the signature, as you mentioned
use then debsign with -p option setting the passphrase to use, like this

debsign \
  -p'gpg --passphrase-file /home/myname/my_passphrase_file.txt --batch --no-use-agent'\
  -S -kMYKEYID package_source.change

Still having some other issues, but this part looks like working. Signing files with GPG directly does not work as the checksums computed during the debuild are changed.

I always prefer storing keys with passphrase anyway.


Autohide Unity Launcher in Gnome Classic

You need dconf-editor (sudo apt-get install dconf-tools).

There, go to com => canonical => unity-2d => launcher:

Set hide-mode to 1. Instantly, the launcher will hide!

More detailed information can be found here: How do I configure Unity 2D?, especially this answer for 12.04: https://askubuntu.com/a/105682/55343


Cannot install Microsoft Office 2010 using PlayOnLinux

Sometime the Windows installers called by PlayOnLinux don't quit properly.

To continue the installation, open your task manager (most likely gnome-system-monitor) and kill all remaining instances of the installer. Just search for anything related to your Windows program with .exe in the taskname. Kill all remaining installer processes.

Afterwards, PlayOnLinux may say that some error occurred. Ignore this and click Continue. Your installation should finish as intended.


How to I access a 2.5 hard drive when it tells me I don't have permissions?

Try this
Check if ntfs-3g and exfat-utils packages are installed & install GParted.
Open GParted, let it sacn for devices, go to Device on menu bar, select "Create Partition Table", then create "GPT". (Make sure correct device is selected from GParted Menu)

Apply the changes, go to Partition menu, select "New" and make a "NTFS" partition (it can also be used in Linux as well as windows, file size limit is more than 4GB & faster speeds), then Apply changes.
Done


1.press ctrl+alt+f3  then login using your credentials

3.create temp directory to copy your files $sudo mkdir /temporary

2.copy your all necessary files in /home folder  by hitting $ sudo cp /home /temporary

3.then make /home folder empty by hitting $sudo rm -rf ~*

$sudo init 6


help! I get the wrong screen size after install the nvidia driver

Nvidia is like a pain every time. There is lot of reason that I found wrong size of monitor screen.

I preferred download right driver from nvidia site. There is lot of manual u can found about how to install and remove nvidia drivers on Ubuntu.

Know what hardware u use in your machine with lspci command.
Once get information about hardware, then download driver from nvidia site.
Download done, go to cli mode with alt+clt+f2, turn off your graphic manager in Ubuntu with... Service lightdm stop
Install that run script and remove all previous settings of nvidia in /etc/X11/sort.conf file.
Restart lightdm and see your proble get fix or not.

Hope you will found something good.


Debconf window appearing after installing Burg

You should definitely press Ok in that case


You can try disabling pepper flash in chromium plugins chrome://plugins/. If the problem persists it's not pepper. Though I don't think pepper can cause such a desktop issue.

You may also try using google-chrome and see if things change. Its default flash plugin might work.

Linux troubleshooting starts with /var/log/syslog - the log file for your desktop. Check it to figure out what happened.


Change keyring password after resetting password with "passwd" : Ubuntu 13.10

Try live booting with a USB. Then check out this link, it is for 12.10 so I am not sure if it is the same:

How to recover/reset forgotten Gnome Keyring Password?

Another link:

https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/ubuntu-help/user-forgottenpassword.html

Or if that doesn't work:

I would try getting a live boot of Kali/BackTrack, and use the password cracking tools on there,(or install the tools from another live distro) if no other recovery option works.


Can't boot Windows 7 after runing ubuntu from flash drive

If you have your original Windows CD or a bootable Windows USB drive, boot from that.  It will give you the option to try to repair your installation.


Boot to recovery mode (it is an option in your grub menu).

Drop to a root shell. You will be in the command line as root.

Set a password for the user displayed

sudo passwd user

make sure the user is in the admin group

id user

you will see admin as one of the groups.

reboot


ubuntu software center not working after update

Try running sudo apt-get -f install in a terminal. That should repair your dependencies.


I was able to fix this with:

(setenv "PATH" (concat (getenv "PATH") ":/bin"))
(setq exec-path (append exec-path '("/bin")))


Searched for hours need help. WUBI 12.04 won't boot after shrinking partition

You should not have the shrinkage. You threw the boot file.

This is very dangerous for Operation Systems.

Take a look of this : Wubi Guide # How can I access the Wubi files from Windows

If it didn't worked search again and try other keywords google search | accessing wubi files from windows


Like htorque says it's duplicated. I've fix the icons problem with this answer: Desktop forgets theme?

  Create a text file. Write in it

include "/usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc"
gtk-icon-theme-name = "ubuntu-mono-dark"

  and save it in your home folder under the name .gtkrc-2.0 then
  restart.

  If there are still elements wrong (for me it was the font), you need
  to add this change to the file, google for a gtk tutorial for the
  possible fine tunings.


How do I get my laptop speakers working?

As used for Ubuntu 10.04 (Jul-2010)

Sound: Internal Speaker (desktop, mono)

Find 'master' label: (for card 0, OR change to 1, 2, etc.)

amixer -c 0 | grep Master

(look for 'mono' control, for internal speaker)

  Simple mixer control 'Master',0

  Simple mixer control 'Master Mono',0

Read back settings: (using label from previous)

amixer -c 0 sget 'Master Mono',0

  Simple mixer control 'Master Mono',0   Capabilities: pvolume

  pvolume-joined pswitch pswitch-joined penum   Playback channels: Mono

  Limits: Playback 0 - 31   Mono: Playback 0 [0%] [-46.50dB] [off]

Set to enable, neutral gain: (eg. +-0dB) (NOTE: "0dB" is case sensitive!)

amixer -c 0 sset 'Master Mono',0 0dB,0dB unmute

Verify settings: (optional, but recommended)

amixer -c 0 sget 'Master Mono',0

  Simple mixer control 'Master Mono',0   Capabilities: pvolume

  pvolume-joined pswitch pswitch-joined penum   Playback channels: Mono

  Limits: Playback 0 - 31   Mono: Playback 31 [100%] [0.00dB] [on]

Save settings: (non volatile)

sudo alsactl store

UPDATE

Find correct label (for left/right inbuilt speakers):

amixer -c 0 | grep Simple

for example (on my desktop, Ubuntu 12.04 LTS)

Simple mixer control 'Master',0
Simple mixer control 'Headphone',0
Simple mixer control 'Speaker',0
Simple mixer control 'PCM',0
Simple mixer control 'Line',0
Simple mixer control 'Mic',0
Simple mixer control 'Mic Boost',0
Simple mixer control 'Capture',0
Simple mixer control 'Capture',1
Simple mixer control 'Auto-Mute Mode',0
Simple mixer control 'Input Source',0
Simple mixer control 'Input Source',1


How do I enlarge "Icon & Thumbnail" size in nautilus 3.x?

You will need to install dconf-tools , then run dconf-editor

Navigate to org > gnome > nautilus > icon-view and set the thumbnail-size to 128.


How do I change default program to open video files (12.04)?

Go to System Settings > Details(Under System section) > Default Applications > Video . Change it to VLC Media Player.


Lubuntu and Xubuntu are both Linux ditros, and they are both based on Ubuntu. They are standalone distros, so they do not require you to install Ubuntu beforehand.

The great thing about these distros is that since they are both extremely lightweight, they will run on old or low-spec machines that would otherwise be rendered useless in today's world.

  My personal favorite is Xubuntu, as it does not sacrifice eye candy to
  the point of being ugly, while remaining blazing fast on older
  machines. This is only my opinion, though.

  Lubuntu is a fast and lightweight operating system developed by a community of Free and Open Source enthusiasts. The core of the system is based on Linux and Ubuntu .

  Lubuntu uses the minimal desktop LXDE, and a selection of light applications. The focus is on speed and energy-efficiency. Because of this, Lubuntu has very low hardware requirements.

  Minimum system requirements:
  - 128MB of RAM (will give a slow yet usable system with a standard Lubuntu install)

  Xubuntu is a community developed, Ubuntu-based Linux operating system.

  Xubuntu is an elegant and easy-to-use operating system. Xubuntu comes with Xfce, which is a stable, light and configurable desktop environment.

  Xubuntu is perfect for those who want the most out of their desktops, laptops and netbooks with a modern look and enough features for efficient, daily usage. It works well on older hardware too.

  Minimum system requirements:
  - 512MB of RAM recommended, 256MB minimum
  - 4.4GB of free disk for the Live CD, 2GB if using the Alternate Install CD


Open a terminal window

ctrl+alt+t

Enter

hp-setup

Follow the instructions on the screen


How to reset python path to /usr/bin/python?

$ sudo rm /usr/bin/python
$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python


How can I hibernate a running application?

You can use the killall command to send a SIGSTOP signal to all processes matching a given name to freeze them and later send SIGCONT the same way to thaw them again.

First find out the process name using pgrep -l SEARCH_PATTERN:

$ pgrep -l chrom
13010 chromium-browse
13036 chromium-browse
13038 chromium-browse
13153 chromium-browse
13166 chromium-browse
13169 chromium-browse
13175 chromium-browse
13187 chromium-browse
13195 chromium-browse
13206 chromium-browse

Note that it will trim long names, therefore the r is missing. But this isn't a problem as you can use Tab completion to enter the process name which will complete it automatically.

Then you send the SIGSTOP signal to all processes named chromium-browser like this:

$ killall -s STOP chromium-browser

The Chromium window will grey out as if it became unresponsive. Well, it really became unresponsive, so that was to be expected. You can't interact with the window in any way now (except for the menu bar and minimizing etc. which is handled by the window manager and not the application itself). But the events from clicking buttons etc. are still generated and added to the application's event queue, so they will all be processed at once when you thaw the application again!

You thaw the application again by simply running this command that sends the SIGCONT signal to the specified processes:

$ killall -s CONT chromium-browser

Sometimes freezing an application this way can cause it to crash, so make sure important stuff is saved before freezing an application.

In rare cases even the desktop environment/window manger/whatever else might become unresponsive as well. In this case you have to thaw the frozen application through a TTY:

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 to switch to TTY1. You will be asked to log in, so enter your username and password. Then run the command to thaw the application the same way you would run it through your normal terminal emulator. After that switch back to the desktop (TTY7) using Ctrl+Alt+F7 and you should be fine again.


How do I log in to 12.04 when after a recent update it no longer recognises my password?

This means that there is no problem with your password, I think you X server has a problem.


Is it possible to check the BIOS version of my computer on Ubuntu?

You can get the info from the computer's DMI (Desktop Management Interface) AKA SMBIOS (System Management BIOS) table, dump it using dmidecode, and get the value of type 0 (BIOS):

sudo dmidecode -t 0
sudo dmidecode -t 0 | grep 'Version:'

sudo dmidecode -t bios
sudo dmidecode -t bios | grep 'Version:'

Check man dmidecode.

Example:

% sudo dmidecode -t 0
# dmidecode 2.12
# SMBIOS entry point at 0x000f04c0
SMBIOS 2.7 present.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
    Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
    Version: F14
    Release Date: 09/19/2014
    Address: 0xF0000
    Runtime Size: 64 kB
    ROM Size: 8192 kB
    Characteristics:
        PCI is supported
        BIOS is upgradeable
        BIOS shadowing is allowed
        Boot from CD is supported
        Selectable boot is supported
        BIOS ROM is socketed
        EDD is supported
        5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
        3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
        3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
        Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
        8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
        Serial services are supported (int 14h)
        Printer services are supported (int 17h)
        ACPI is supported
        USB legacy is supported
        BIOS boot specification is supported
        Targeted content distribution is supported
        UEFI is supported
    BIOS Revision: 4.6

% sudo dmidecode -t 0 | grep 'Version:'
    Version: F14


Are there any alternative ways to install Ubuntu other than CD and USB? (Without WUBI)

You can use the minimal installation ISO instead. They are about 36MB.

The installation will then download files as needed during installation.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD


mapping between dconf dump output and gsettings schemas

Typically, dconf schemas translate nicely into gsettings schemas by replacing slashes with dots and vice versa.

In your example, org.mate.peripherals-mouse is the closest matching for what I'd expect to be a static schema.

However, not all gsettings schemas translate nicely. There's something known as relocatable schemas:

  A relocatable schema is what you need when you need multiple instances of the same configuration, stored separately. A typical example for this is accounts: your application allows to create more than one, and each of them has the same kind of configuration information associated with it.

For such cases, schema also requires a particular path added to it. For example,

gsettings set org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ dash-blur-experimental 1

Here's another example from one of Budgie desktop schemas:

$ dconf write /com/solus-project/budgie-panel/panels/{5f6251f2-9d09-11e8-be4b-d053493d53fd}/size 52
$ gsettings set com.solus-project.budgie-panel.panel:/com/solus-project/budgie-panel/panels/{5f6251f2-9d09-11e8-be4b-d053493d53fd}/ size 52

Typically paths for relocatable gsettings schemas are the same as for dconf, but it's not guaranteed from what I understand. Manual way would be to run dconf watch / and use GUI buttons/sliders/preferences menus to figure out which schemas are controlled by those.


Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS R9 390X amdgpu guide / testing summary

This is a guide and a testing summary for enabling amdgpu (instead of radeon) on Ubuntu 18.04.1  having a R9 390X installed and trying out various kernels.

After reading this and reading/watching Level1Techs guide and many others I finally managed to get amdgpu loaded instead of radeon. The following steps show how to accomplish that.

Problem

I want to play games on Linux via DXVK using an open source driver (not amdgpu-pro). Since DXVK only works with the amdgpu driver I had to get rid of Ubuntu loading radeon all the time.

My setup

Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
i7-5830k
R9 390X (actually 2, but should not matter)

How to

I. Newest drivers

@NOT-TESTED: It should also work with the official drivers delivered with the Ubuntu 18.04.1 installation. If you do not want to run unofficial drivers skip this step.

@NOTE: Download newer unofficial drivers from PPA to get better performance in DXVK. May be unstable.

Install the latest driver from https://launchpad.net/~oibaf/+archive/ubuntu/graphics-drivers:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade
sudo apt install mesa-vulkan-drivers mesa-vulkan-drivers:i386

@ERROR unmet dependencies: install original drivers first:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
sudo apt install mesa-vulkan-drivers mesa-vulkan-drivers:i386

@ATTENTION: Ensure you do not have another graphics driver PPA like ppa:paulo-miguel-dias/mesa added. You may check his Mesa drivers out: STABLE or UNSTABLE

@ERROR general error due to PPA:  Purge graphic driver PPA(s) to fall back to original drivers and clean up:

sudo apt install ppa-purge && aptitude
sudo ppa-purge ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
sudo apt autoremove && sudo apt autoclean

You may start over.

II. Xorg configuration

Create a xorg configuration file that will be loaded automatically on boot:

/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/<nr-name>.conf for example 42-amdgpu.conf

#/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/42-amdgpu.conf
Section "Device"
    Identifier "AMDGPU"
    Driver "amdgpu"
    Option "AccelMethod" "glamor"
    Option "DRI" "3"
EndSection

@NOT-TESTED: Add this to the already existing 10-amdgpu.conf file. May gets overwritten by driver installation.

@OPTION: You can also add this to /etc/X11/xorg.conf or /etc/xorg.conf.

III. Blacklist radeon

Create a blacklist file with the module that shall be blacklisted:

/etc/modprobe.d/<name>.conf for example blacklist-radeon.conf

#/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-radeon.conf
blacklist radeon

@OPTION: It is possible to use already existing blacklist.conf files by just appending blacklist radeon somewhere.

IV. GRUB configuration

Add or change these parameters in the grub configuration /etc/default/grub:

#/etc/default/grub
...
GRUB_GFXMODE=1920x1080x32
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="radeon.si_support=0 radeon.cik_support=0 amdgpu.si_support=1 amdgpu.cik_support=1 amdgpu.dc=1 amdgpu.dpm=1 amdgpu.modeset=1"
...

@DID-NOT-WORK: I made a copy of the 40_custom file in /etc/grub.d/. It did not work when I placed it in 40_amdgpu instead of /etc/default/grub. (see the /etc/grub.d/README for more info)

V. Update GRUB and the initial ramdisk

Let the changes above take affect:

sudo update-grub2 && sudo update-initramfs -u -k all

and

reboot

VI. Verify

To verify that the amdgpu driver has loaded and is in use, execute one or more of the following commands:

lsmod | egrep 'Used|amdgpu'

sudo lspci -v | grep amdgpu -B 19

sudo lshw -c video | grep amdgpu -B 10 -A 1

Run a Vulkan test application:

sudo apt install vulkan-utils

and

vulkan-smoketest

VII.I Testing with newer kernels (as of 2018-11-19)

I tried to boot various kernels after the steps above.

To install other kernels I used the Ubuntu Kernel Update Utility:

sudo apt-add-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ukuu

Here is the summary of my testing:

4.15.0 WORKING! Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS default kernel

4.17.5 WORKING! kernel used in this video

4.18.0 WORKAROUND! current default kernel of Ubuntu 19.10 Disco (2018-11-19)

4.18.15 WORKAROUND! latest 4.18.x kernel with changes to amdgpu

4.18.19 WORKAROUND! latest 4.18.x kernel

4.19 FAILURE! blackscreen or dmesg:

[drm:dm_pp_get_static_clocks [amdgpu]] *ERROR* DM_PPLIB: invalid powerlevel state: 0!

4.19.1 FAILURE! blackscreen or dmesg:

drm:dm_pp_get_static_clocks [amdgpu]] *ERROR* DM_PPLIB: invalid powerlevel state: 0!
drm:amdgpu_vce_ring_test_ring [amdgpu]] *ERROR* amdgpu: ring 12 test failed
drm:amdgpu_device_init.cold.28 [amdgpu]] *ERROR* hw_init of IP block <vce_v2_0> failed -110
amdgpu 0000:05:00.0: amdgpu_device_ip_init failed
amdgpu 0000:05:00.0: Fatal error during GPU init

4.19.2 FAILURE! dmesg:

Direct firmware load for amdgpu/hawaii_mc.bin failed with error -2

@NOTE: I did not investigate more on the errors of the 4.19.x kernels yet.

VII.II Workaround

4.18-4.18.19

To get 4.18 kernels working:

Backup your current firmware files:

sudo cp -r /lib/firmware /lib/firmware-$(uname -r)

Download the linux-firmware of Ubuntu 19.10 Disco (current Disco version uses kernel 4.18.0 as default) from https://packages.ubuntu.com/en/disco/linux-firmware or:

wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-firmware/linux-firmware_1.176.tar.gz

Extract files:

tar -xvzf linux-firmware_1.76.tar.gz

Go into the new firmware direcotry:

cd linux-firmware

Install the firmware:

sudo make install

Reboot

reboot


summarising the comments

A similar issue was reported on the opensuse forums.

Basically it looks like there is corruption in one of the underlying gnome-shell configuration files to-do with the search mechanism.

To confirm this, you should create a new user account.  If the problem is not persistent this means it is user specific.

To diagnose which file/files are the cause could take some considerable amount of time.  Probably the easiest and most productive method would be to reset Gnome back to its defaults.

This being Ask Ubuntu  - we already have a great answer for this:

How do I reset GNOME to the defaults?

Looking for potential reasons - it could be a rogue extension.  You could narrow this down by adding extensions, one-by-one.  After each extension, logout-login and test your search mechanism.  Continue until you find the rogue extension - then file a bug-report up-stream.


If you removed the disc before choosing the restart option, then you might not be able to restart from the desktop, in which case you have to manually turn off and turn on your computer and it should boot fine if your BIOS is set right.

If you chose to restart while the disc is still in the drive, then either the disc will eject automatically or you will be prompted to eject it manually, after which it will restart.

The stalling out you mentioned may not be a problem since you already got to the restart screen. However, if that is the issue, it is possible that your disc is dirty, or that your drive can only read CD/DVD of a certain specification but you used one with another specification.


I would start to diagnose to see if it's network > application/hardware.
When the server is in "unreachable" state are you able to ping/ssh the server?
If if it isn't a network issue then the next step would be testing the health of your application/services.
It would be easier to identify the fault while it is in a bad state before restarting it.


I used your image to mark the keys:

You need to hold the "Level 3 super" key and then press the AA key (similar to holding shift).

And to make it complete: you can choose what key to use in the "options" of keyboard layouts:


Lots of Memory and CPU being used on nothing

You can view detailed log of the processes and their resources consumption using htop.

Install it typing sudo apt-get install htop and to run it type sudo htop. That should let you know what is using your resources. Once you figure it out, try killing that process and see if that works; if that worked, uninstall that application package or replace it with equivalent.

PS: Try sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt-get update to upgrade your machine to latest version. That might fix many issues.

BR


You can add the line manually to the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file.

If the line were there before restarting, then it should be there after restarting too unless something has been done in the meantime or the restarting (stop-start) the service itself removes the line. In your case the the line should be there after restarting ssh.

If any invalid line is added to the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file, then ssh won't start after being stopped i.e. when you do sudo service ssh restart, ssh service will stop at first and then while starting it will read the configuration file and find an invalid line, then it would simply just stay stopped. You then need to delete the invalid line to start ssh service again.


Installing Skype on 12.04 64 bit causes errors

Install Synaptic if you haven't yet then in Synaptic choose to show broken packages then mark them and remove then reinstall or also you can update/upgrade your packages to met the dependencies...anyway I advice you Synaptic will solve your problem.

To install skype in correct way:

sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ $(lsb_release -sc) partner"

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install skype


I ran into this issue because VLC was attempting to use VDAPU for video decoding, and it was causing a segmentation fault. Presumably this is actually a bug in the open source Radeon drivers, but I was able to work around this by simply disabling hardware video decoding. The setting is kind of buried, just open VLC then go to Tools->Preferences->Input/Codecs and set Hardware-accelerated decoding to Disable.

In case this didn't solve your particular problem, I was able to figure out that it was a problem with VDAPU by executing the following steps:

ulimit -c unlimited  to get Ubuntu to actually create a core dump
vlc from the same terminal
Wait for segfault
gdb `which vlc`
core core Load the core file which is actually called core
bt This gave me the following ouput:

#0  0x00007fe128b4118e in llvm::SmallVectorTemplateBase<llvm::cl::parser<llvm::ScheduleDAGInstrs* (*)(llvm::MachineSchedContext*)>::OptionInfo, false>::grow(unsigned long) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libLLVM-4.0.so.1
#1  0x00007fe128b4125e in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libLLVM-4.0.so.1
#2  0x00007fe1067fab0a in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libLLVM-3.8.so.1
#3  0x00007fe16555b4ea in call_init (l=<optimized out>, argc=argc@entry=2,
    argv=argv@entry=0x7ffecd92f6b8, env=env@entry=0x7fe138050690)
    at dl-init.c:72
#4  0x00007fe16555b5fb in call_init (env=0x7fe138050690, argv=0x7ffecd92f6b8,
    argc=2, l=<optimized out>) at dl-init.c:30
#5  _dl_init (main_map=main_map@entry=0x7fe10c0172c0, argc=2,
    argv=0x7ffecd92f6b8, env=0x7fe138050690) at dl-init.c:120
#6  0x00007fe165560712 in dl_open_worker (a=a@entry=0x7fe121f082c0)
    at dl-open.c:575
#7  0x00007fe16555b394 in _dl_catch_error (
    objname=objname@entry=0x7fe121f082b0,
    errstring=errstring@entry=0x7fe121f082b8,
    mallocedp=mallocedp@entry=0x7fe121f082af,
    operate=operate@entry=0x7fe165560300 <dl_open_worker>,
    args=args@entry=0x7fe121f082c0) at dl-error.c:187
#8  0x00007fe16555fbd9 in _dl_open (
    file=0x7fe121f08540 "${ORIGIN}/vdpau/libvdpau_radeonsi.so.1",
    mode=-2147483390, caller_dlopen=0x7fe1095a46cc, nsid=-2,
---Type <return> to continue, or q <return> to quit---

The entry at #8 showed me that the problem was in the Radeon drivers.


Getting a package not found exception even after its installed

As you see, when you type sudo apt-cache search libgcab it will show you 3 versions. the 1.0-0, the documentation and the dev so if the ./configure thinks that there isn't file named that so try downloading dev version. sudo apt-get install libgcab-dev. You are trying to decompile an .msi file, aren't you? I had the same problem, and this method worked for me.


Solution #1
In Ubuntu, this command will show the language-related packages you have installed:
dpkg -l language-pack*|grep ^ii | awk '{print $2}'

Purge any packages (using the ubuntu software center or synaptic or otherwise) that are not english (-en-) and reboot.
Solution #2
Try this:
sudo update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=en_US:en LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8" LC_NUMERIC=en_US.UTF-8 LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8" LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8" LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NAME=en_US.UTF-8 LC_ADDRESS=en_US.UTF-8 LC_TELEPHONE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=en_US.UTF-8 LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

..and reboot.


MySql WorkBench Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (111)

Ok, This means that you need to install MySQL first, or connect to a machine with MySQL installed. Check this URL on how to do so on Ubuntu
https://www.linode.com/docs/databases/mysql/install-mysql-on-ubuntu-14-04


I think rTorrent will do what you want. I've not used it personally but I know people who use it in a setup in a similar way.


How to password protect grub menu entry?

There is a Wiki page on Ubuntu covering all type of password related topics.

Basically, edit your configuration

gksu gedit /etc/grub.d/00_header /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober

Add this at the bottom of 00_header:

cat << EOF
set superusers="user1"
password user1 password1
EOF

That way the edits will be password protected, with that user and password.

Now, let's protect the Windows entry. Open 30_os-prober and find this line:

menuentry '$(echo "${LONGNAME} $onstr" | grub_quote)' --class windows --class os \

On that line, add --users, so it ends like this:

menuentry '$(echo "${LONGNAME} $onstr" | grub_quote)' --class windows --class os --users \

Be careful on not removing the ending slash \.

Save and close, and then run this on a terminal:

sudo update-grub

You can also encrypt your password with grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2. Please take a look at the wiki for more details.


To list all the aliases defined in the system, open a terminal and type alias.  It lists each alias and the command aliased to it.

As for removing an alias permanently, you can do this by opening your .bashrc file (in your home folder) with any text editor and and removing (or commenting out, by placing a # in front of them) the lines corresponding to the alias you want to remove. For the removal to take effect, you will need to close the terminal and open a new one or open a new bash shell by typing bash.

If, however, you want to remove the alias temporarily, you just do unalias test1 and this will remove the alias for test1.  Remember, if you do it like this, alias test1 will be there again the next time you open a terminal if it is defined inside your .bashrc.


Why shouldn't I set 777 permission to /var/www?

If any program on your computer that connects to the outside world has any kind of vulnerability, an intruder could hijack that program and do anything it's allowed to do.  For instance, even if you're running a static website, there could be vulnerabilities in apache or nginx or whatever you're using that allow attackers to send a carefully-crafted HTTP request that overflows a buffer or something and replaces the code that program is running with their own code.

If the account the web server runs as has write permission /var/www, an attacker could then turn around and silently insert malware into your webpages.

And when exploits of this kind are found in major web servers, you can count on the fact that people will be running scripts the next day automatically logging into every server they can find and trying to apply these exploits.

If you're facing the public internet and there's a link to your site anywhere, take a look at your httpaccess logs and you'll see all sorts of really stupid automated attacks on your server, like people looking for an installed copy of phpmyadmin and running through hundreds of common passwords.

On the other hand, if the web server runs under an account that can't write to any critical locations on your computer, the risks are greatly diminished.