The debian-installer is used for only for Server & Alternative CD. As you can see in InstallCDCustomization

That reference is quiet old ~2010 and it is clear from screen-shot that it uses server image. AFAIK, Alternative image is not released any more for Ubuntu.

Live uses ubiquity installer, check in UbiquityAutomation for available options.

  Available preseeding keys

  Ubiquity uses a subset of the components that Ubuntu's version of
  debian-installer uses and therefore asks the same questions for those
  components. However, there are some additional questions provided.
  These are as follows:

  ubiquity/summary: preseed empty to avoid the summary page.
  ubiquity/reboot: automatically reboot when the installer completes. Be sure to add 'noprompt' to the kernel command line to
  also skip the "please remove the disc, close the tray (if any) and
  press ENTER to continue" usplash prompt.
  ubiquity/failure_command: specify a command to be run should the install fail.
  ubiquity/success_command: similar to preseed/late_command. Specify a command to be run when the install completes successfully (runs
  outside of /target, but /target is mounted when the command is
  invoked).

  Furthermore, there are a few other components necessary for an
  automated installation with ubiquity:

  languagechooser/language-name: choose among the available languages, eg English
  countrychooser/shortlist: choose a country, territory or area, eg US
  localechooser/supported-locales: choose other locales to be supported, eg en_US.UTF-8

  Preseeding keys for the following installer components will not be
  used in Ubiquity, usually because they do not fit with Ubiquity's mode
  of operation:

netcfg
LVM and RAID partitioning
base-installer
pkgsel/tasksel
finish-install

  You can use preseed/early_command with the live CD; it will be run by
  "casper" (the component which sets up a live environment at boot time)
  from the initramfs. Please note that, if you want to affect files in
  the live environment, this means that you must prefix their filenames
  with /root.


If you want to install the proprietary drivers, just run the following commands:
sudo apt update
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

The proprietary Nvidia drivers are included in the default repositories on all newer versions of Ubuntu so there's no need to guess or download the wrong driver from the Nvidia website.


How to find a file whose size is less than 10 MB?

Should be

find ./ -maxdepth 1 -type f -size -10M

That is find:

this directory only
type is a file
size less than 10 megs


Try to turn off Automatic Login in Settings > User Accounts

If you cannot find Settings menu from the graphical interface, try opening it from terminal with the gnome-control-center command.


Try resetting unity

unity --reset

if that doesn't help then try this

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

sudo apt-get install unity

Hope this helps!


Trying to map + to  globally (Vim-like arrow keys) with xmodmap

It is surely very strange idea to turn Ubuntu into the codename "VimOS". I think much more adequate to map Vim's keys to some free and equable more cluster of the keyboard. Or definitely NOT due to it is also might be useful.

However I do not deletes my first suggest about Vim mappings and should to say that answer to your question exist here:
System wide vim-style (hjkl) navigation

Partially I agree this view (thanks to shell hell):

  NOTE 3: Setting up Ctrl / Meta + H,J,K,L keybindings seems to be simplest
  way to have vim-style navigation but it’s not. First: you would have
  to do this on per application basis which is tiresome process. Second:
  you’ll probably end up breaking default mappings for any given
  application. Last but not least: some apps e.g. rtorrent or htop don’t
  let you change their defaults, save by patching their sourcecode. For
  similar reasons you won’t get job done with Super / Hyper, either.

And also I found near answer here:
Superuser: Mapping Super+hjkl to arrow keys under X

Vim uses a switching modes to mapping keys. So xmodmap for Vim it is some pluggable globals what breaks classic Vim experience. Even so to claim it sounds pathetic ;)

  Vim supports several editing modes - normal, insert, replace, visual,
  select, command-line and operator-pending. You can map a key to work
  in all or some of these modes.

Mapping keys in Vim - Tutorial (Part 1)
Mapping keys in Vim - Tutorial (Part 2)
Mapping keys in Vim - Tutorial (Part 3)


touchpad configuration not working (disable or change 2 tap right click) macbook air

I had similar problems on MacBook Pro (8,1) with Ubuntu 15.04 (and on earlier releases).  For a short term fix try using synclient directly, e.g.,
synclient TapButton2=0. I made my changes permanent by copying /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf to /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-synaptics.conf (I don't think you are supposed to edit the former).  At the bottom of the new file, include a new section

    Section "InputClass"
            Identifier "Set TB2 to 0"
            MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
            Option "TapButton2" "0"
    EndSection

You may need to reboot.  Finally, for my edits, instead of MatchDevicePath I copied the MatchProduct and MatchDriver information from a previous section in the file (not sure if this is necessary). Finally*2, tweaking the sensitivity (with FingerHigh or FingerLow) may help.


Bricscad (Comercial, Autocad Clone)

Varicad (3D based CAD software available for Linux)

Draftsight (free, Autocad Clone, but no Autolisp)

Ares Commander

Freecad  (in the repo)

QCAD (repo)

Medusa4 (free personal version, very good commercial software)

Matlab & SPSS has linux version (if need those)

for more
CAD & Linux: The LUnIx Linux CAD Links

Mechanical Engineering Useful Software in Linux


Authentication failed upgrading from 19.04 to 19.10

bentolor's answer led me to a different command which seemed to ultimately fix the problem:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-keyring

I'm guessing this restores the keyring to defaults, something must have changed since the package was last installed. Now I can run the command sudo do-release-upgrade -m desktop without the Authentication failed error.


Thumbnails not showing in video in Ubuntu 18.04

Install FFMPEG Thumbnailer-

sudo apt install ffmpegthumbnailer

Then close and reopen file manager. Thumbnails for most video files should generate now.

However, if it's still not working then open file manager, go to your home folder if you're not already there (Home folder is usually the folder which contains Downloads, Documents, Photos etc folders).

Press Ctrl+H, enter into the folder named .cache. Then enter in the folder thumbnails.
 Delete everything in there. Restart your PC.


Erroneous Duplication of Launcher in Dual Monitor VirtualBox VM

I fixed the issue using the Ubuntu Unity Plugin of CompizConfig Settings Manager. On the Launcher tab there is a a Launcher Monitors setting with an option to set launcher placement to "Primary Monitor", and while Ubuntu system settings did nothing, this was effective.


That's built into Ubuntu as automatic protection just in case you inadvertently press the power button and eg, forgot to save a file. To override this, sudo poweroff gives an immediate response as does sudo reboot (restart).


How do Bugs get Categorized and what is the lifecycle of a bug?

All bugs in Ubuntu have life cycles.  As well, they each have a "Status" that helps to explain what its life cycle is.  In Ubuntu, each bug as its life cycle continues has various statuses set on it.

While this is all documented in extraordinary detail in the Triage Guide, I will (for now, as I dont have a huge amount of time to write up this process in text, but i will later) post the "Flowcharts" that are provided by the Bug Squad for this (click here for source of flow charts).  Each status (in the mean time) can be explained in the Bugs/Status BugSquad Documentation, but I've documented them here as well.

(Note the below information may be out of date with the documentation on the wiki, you should refer to the wiki for the most up-to-date information.)

The following is a description of each status indicator on a bug:

New:

Bugs are submitted with this status
They sometimes lack information and
All of them should be untriaged

Incomplete:

If you have to ask the reporter questions, set the bug to Incomplete
Ask the submitter to provide any necessary information in a comment, and make sure you subscribe yourself to the bug report so you will get any updates to the bug via e-mail.
Some bugs are never responded to by the submitter (also called "original poster", or "OP"). These bugs will be automatically expired by Launchpad in 60 days, counted from the day it was set incomplete. There is no need to act on them (and, actually, changing the bug will restart the expiry period). Note that this applies for the Ubuntu project (i.e., those bug tasks that have "(Ubuntu)" in their name). Other projects may, or may not, have automatic incomplete bug expiration set.
If anyone, including you, comments on the bug, the 60 day expiration clock is reset.

Opinion:

The status 'opinion' means there is a difference of opinion around a particular bug and people are free to continue the discussion, but the project or package maintainers need to move to other work and are considering the issue closed. The idea is that bugs can be marked closed, so developers aren't wasting time on them, but discussion can still be on-going.
This status 'opinion' is considered an experiment, and will be closely monitored.

Invalid:

This status should be used when the bug report does not contain adequate information to determine whether or not it is a bug even if it is resolved for the reporter
This should also be used if the reported problem is not a bug at all, but for example user error
It should be used conservatively as bugs marked as Invalid no longer show up in default searches
Be sure to triple-check a bug before you invalidate it

Expired:

This status is similar to Invalid, but is meant specifically for bugs that have been Incomplete for too long. (See above.)
This status is only able to be set by using launchpadlib or the email interface.
Like Invalid bugs, Expired bugs do not show up in default searches.

Confirmed:

Another reporter has experienced the same bug, this can come in the form of a duplicate bug or a bug comment
Confirmed bugs require confirmation from someone other than the original reporter
This helps ensure that the bug is applicable to Ubuntu in general, and not a problem with the reporter's system, therefore...
Please don't confirm your own bugs!

Triaged:

A member of UbuntuBugControl believes that the report describes a genuine bug in enough detail that a developer could start working on a fix. (also see tip below)
Use this when you are confident that it should be looked at by a developer and has enough information
While not a requirement a bug's Ubuntu task status will be Triaged before any upstream forwarding occurs
With bugs about linux Triaged means that the bug has been tested with the upstream mainline kernel

In Progress:

If you are working on fixing a bug, set it to In Progress so people know what's going on
In Progress bugs should be assigned to the person working on them

Fix Committed:

Ubuntu bug task: the changes are pending and to be uploaded soon (it's what PENDINGUPLOAD was in Bugzilla)
Fix Committed is also used when an updated package exists in a -proposed repository i.e. hardy-proposed
Fix Committed is not to be used when a patch is attached to a bug
Upstream bug task: the fix is in CVS/SVN/bzr or committed to some place

Fix Released:

Ubuntu bug task: a fix was uploaded to an official Ubuntu repository
N.B. This does not include -proposed i.e. hardy-proposed
Please don't hesitate to add a changelog as a comment, so people know in which package version a bug was fixed
If a bug is fixed in the current development release, it is Fix Released. If the bug also needs to be fixed in a stable release, use the "Target to release" link to nominate it for that release.
Upstream bug task: a release tarball was announced and is publicly available

Won't Fix:

This status is sometimes used when the bug fix is too controversial
It is most often used for bugs with a release target that will not be fixed in that particular release but may be fixed later
It may also be used for feature requests that the developers do not want to implement

  (formatting will differ slightly from the wiki as the formatting here
  is more limited)

Related Questions and Answers:
Importance Value: How are Ubuntu Bugs' Importance Values Decided


svn checkout - An error occurred during decompression

Editing ~/.subversion/servers, and having this:

[global]
http-compression = no

Solved it for me.


How to remove packages from my own Debian package?

It's not possible using traditional methods, however you can abuse apt-get by removing temporarily it's lock files, the approach would involve:

Disable temporarily apt/dpkg locks
Update / Install / Remove software
Merge changes to the dpkg database
Enable back apt/dpkg locks
Profit

1. Disable temporarily apt/dpkg locks
Move temporarily to another location the following files:

/var/lib/dpkg/lock
/var/lib/dpkg/updates/
/var/cache/apt/archives/lock

2. Update / Install / Remove software
Run apt-get to install/remove software, Acknowledge that apt-get/dpkg write its state to:

/var/lib/dpkg/status

Let's suppose you have a system with the following packages: firefox, htop, curl, and let's suppose that your package foo removes curl, so upon installation of your package you should have firefox, htop, foo however since dpkg updates its state once per instance your nested state will be overrided by the parent process leaving the following status firefox, htop, curl, foo
So, you won't have the curl files around but to dpkg the package will still be installed, this will also happen with new software and dependencies.
Let's suppose your foo packages installs apache2 which depends in apache2-data, you would expect them in your dpkg database as: firefox, htop, curl, foo, apache2, apache2-data , however you'll have firefox, htop, curl, foo, the nested output was overrided by the parent process which was only aware of the installation of foo
3. Merge changes to the dpkg database
In order to avoid this mix-up, you'll need to take care of the dpkg changes manually, also since the file is overrided with other apt-get/dpkg instances you would need to save the changes in a different location and apply them to the original file only after the main apt-get/dpkg instance is done, since your script will end before that happen, you'll need to leave behind a cronjob entry or a hand-made daemon.
4. Enable back apt/dpkg locks
5. Profit
Since the above process can be somehow troublesome, I'm leaving a naive implementation, be sure to understand it before using it and expect corner cases.
package=my-pkg

_dpkg_suspend_process() {
    #unlock standard files
    busybox mv     /var/lib/dpkg/lock           /var/lib/dpkg/lock.suspended
    busybox rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/updates.suspended/
    busybox mv     /var/lib/dpkg/updates/       /var/lib/dpkg/updates.suspended
    busybox mkdir  /var/lib/dpkg/updates/
    busybox mv     /var/cache/apt/archives/lock /var/cache/apt/archives/lock.suspended

    #debconf missing file descriptors workaround
    busybox cp /usr/share/debconf/confmodule       /usr/share/debconf/confmodule.bk
    busybox cp /usr/share/minos/debconf/confmodule /usr/share/debconf/confmodule

    #while apt is being executed it modifies the status file which brings conflicts
    #to new packages if they're installed/removed in abused apt instances, therefore
    #the status-old file (which represent the original state in which the first
    #apt instance was launched) is used to create temporal diffs which will be merged
    #at the end
    busybox cp     /var/lib/dpkg/status         /var/lib/dpkg/status.suspended
    busybox cp     /var/lib/dpkg/status-old     /var/lib/dpkg/status-orig
    busybox cp     /var/lib/dpkg/status-orig    /var/lib/dpkg/status
}

_dpkg_continue_process() {
    #relock standard files
    busybox rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/updates
    busybox mv     /var/lib/dpkg/lock.suspended           /var/lib/dpkg/lock
    busybox mv     /var/lib/dpkg/updates.suspended        /var/lib/dpkg/updates
    busybox mv     /var/cache/apt/archives/lock.suspended /var/cache/apt/archives/lock
    busybox mv     /var/lib/dpkg/status.suspended         /var/lib/dpkg/status

    #debconf missing file descriptors workaround
    busybox mv     /usr/share/debconf/confmodule.bk       /usr/share/debconf/confmodule

    #keep status-old file to survive multiple abused apt instances
    busybox mv     /var/lib/dpkg/status-orig              /var/lib/dpkg/status-old
}

_dpkg_sync_status_db() {
    _dpkg_sync_status_db_script="/var/lib/dpkg/dpkg-sync-status-db"
    _dpkg_sync_status_db_script_generator() {
        printf "%s\\n" "#!/bin/sh"
        printf "%s\\n" "#autogenerated by ${package}: $(date +%d-%m-%Y:%H:%M)"
        printf "\\n"
        printf "%s\\n" '##close stdout'
        printf "%s\\n" '#exec 1<&-'
        printf "%s\\n" '##close stderr'
        printf "%s\\n" '#exec 2<&-'
        printf "%s\\n" '##open stdout as $log_file file for read and write.'
        printf "%s\\n" "#exec 1<> /tmp/${package}.\${$}.debug"
        printf "%s\\n" '##redirect stderr to stdout'
        printf "%s\\n" '#exec 2>&1'
        printf "%s\\n" '#set -x #enable trace mode'
        printf "\\n"
        printf "%s\\n" "while fuser /var/lib/dpkg/lock >/dev/null 2>&1; do sleep 1; done"
        printf "\\n"
        printf "%s\\n" 'pkgs__add="$(cat /var/lib/apt/apt-add-queue)"'
        printf "%s\\n" 'if [ -n "${pkgs__add}" ]; then'
        printf "%s\\n" '  for pkg in $pkgs__add; do'
        printf "%s\\n" '    if ! busybox grep "^Package: ${pkg}$" /var/lib/dpkg/status >/dev/null 2>&1; then'
        printf "%s\\n" '      busybox sed -n "/Package: ${pkg}$/,/^$/p" \'
        printf "%s\\n" "      /var/lib/dpkg/status-append-queue >> /var/lib/dpkg/status"
        printf "%s\\n" "    fi"
        printf "%s\\n" "  done"
        printf "%s\\n" "fi"
        printf "\\n"
        printf "%s\\n" 'pkgs__rm="$(cat /var/lib/apt/apt-rm-queue)"'
        printf "%s\\n" 'if [ -n "${pkgs__rm}" ]; then'
        printf "%s\\n" '  for pkg in $pkgs__rm; do'
        printf "%s\\n" '    busybox sed -i "/Package: ${pkg}$/,/^$/d" /var/lib/dpkg/status'
        printf "%s\\n" "  done"
        printf "%s\\n" "fi"
        printf "\\n"
        printf "%s\\n" "mv /var/lib/apt/apt-add-queue /var/lib/apt/apt-add-queue.bk"
        printf "%s\\n" "mv /var/lib/apt/apt-rm-queue  /var/lib/apt/apt-rm-queue.bk"
        printf "%s\\n" "mv /var/lib/dpkg/status-append-queue /var/lib/dpkg/status-append-queue.bk"
        printf "\\n"
        printf "%s\\n" "rm -rf /var/lib/apt/apt-add-queue /var/lib/apt/apt-rm-queue"
        printf "%s\\n" "rm -rf ${_dpkg_sync_status_db_script}"
    }

    _dpkg_sync_status_db_script_generator > "${_dpkg_sync_status_db_script}"
    chmod +x "${_dpkg_sync_status_db_script}"
    _daemonize /bin/sh -c "${_dpkg_sync_status_db_script}"
}

_daemonize() {
    #http://blog.n01se.net/blog-n01se-net-p-145.html
    [ -z "${1}" ] && return 1
    (   #1. fork, to guarantee the child is not a process
        #group leader, necessary for setsid) and have the
        #parent exit (to allow control to return to the shell)

        #2. redirect stdin/stdout/stderr before running child
        [ -t 0 ] && exec  </dev/null
        [ -t 1 ] && exec  >/dev/null
        [ -t 2 ] && exec 2>/dev/null
        if ! command -v "setsid" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
            #2.1 guard against HUP and INT (in child)
            trap '' 1 2
        fi

        #3. ensure cwd isn't a mounted fs so it does't block
        #umo unt invocations
        cd /

        #4. umask (leave this to caller)
        #umask 0

        #5. close unneeded fds
        #XCU 2.7 Redirection says: open files are represented by
        #decimal numbers starting with zero. The largest possible
        #value is implementation-defined; however, all
        #implementations shall support at least 0 to 9, inclusive,
        #for use by the application.
        i=3; while [ "${i}" -le "9" ]; do
            eval "exec ${i}>&-"
            i="$(($i + 1))"
        done

        #6. create new session, so the child has no
        #controlling terminal, this prevents the child from
        #accesing a terminal (using /dev/tty) and getting
        #signals from the controlling terminal (e.g. HUP, INT)
        if command -v "setsid" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
            exec setsid "$@"
        elif command -v "nohup" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
            exec nohup "$@" >/dev/null 2>&1
        else
            if [ ! -f "${1}" ]; then
                "$@"
            else
                exec "$@"
            fi
        fi
    ) &
    #2.2 guard against HUP (in parent)
    if ! command -v "setsid" >/dev/null 2>&1 \ &&
       ! command -v "nohup"  >/dev/null 2>&1; then
        disown -h "${!}"
    fi
}

_apt_add_queue() {
    for pkg in "${@}"; do
        if  busybox grep "${pkg}" /var/lib/apt/apt-rm-queue >/dev/null 2>&1; then
            busybox sed -i "/^${pkg}$/d" /var/lib/apt/apt-rm-queue
        else
            if ! busybox grep "^Package: ${pkg}$" /var/lib/dpkg/status >/dev/null 2>&1; then
                printf "%s\\n" "${pkg}" >> /var/lib/apt/apt-add-queue
            fi
        fi
    done; unset pkg
}

_apt_rm_queue() {
    for pkg in "${@}"; do
        if  busybox grep "${pkg}" /var/lib/apt/apt-add-queue >/dev/null 2>&1; then
            busybox sed -i "/^${pkg}$/d" /var/lib/apt/apt-add-queue
        else
            if busybox grep "^Package: ${pkg}$" /var/lib/dpkg/status >/dev/null 2>&1; then
                printf "%s\\n" "${pkg}" >> /var/lib/apt/apt-rm-queue
            fi
        fi
    done; unset pkg
}

_apt_install() {
    [ -z "${1}" ] && return
    _apt_add_queue $(printf "%s\\n" "${@}" | busybox sed "s:${package}::g")
}

_apt_purge() {
    [ -z "${1}" ] && return
    _apt_rm_queue $(printf "%s\\n" "${@}" | busybox sed "s:${package}::g")
}

_apt_run() {
    [ ! -f /var/lib/apt/apt-add-queue ] && [ ! -f /var/lib/apt/apt-rm-queue ] && return

    pkgs__add="$(cat /var/lib/apt/apt-add-queue 2>/dev/null)"
    if [ -n "${pkgs__add}" ]; then
        _dpkg_suspend_process
        busybox awk '/^Package: /{print $2}' /var/lib/dpkg/status | \
            busybox sort > /var/lib/dpkg/status-pkgs.orig
        _apt_run__output="$(DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install  \
            --no-install-recommends -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" \
            -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" --force-yes ${pkgs__add} 2>&1)" || \
            printf "%s\\n" "${_apt_run__output}" >&2
        busybox awk '/^Package: /{print $2}' /var/lib/dpkg/status | \
            busybox sort > /var/lib/dpkg/status-pkgs.current
        _dpkg__added_pkgs="$(busybox diff -Naur /var/lib/dpkg/status-pkgs.orig \
            /var/lib/dpkg/status-pkgs.current | busybox awk '/^\+[a-zA-Z]/{gsub("^+","");print;}')"
        busybox rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/status-pkgs*
        #add dependencies
        if [ -n "${_dpkg__added_pkgs}" ]; then
            printf "%s\\n" "${_dpkg__added_pkgs}" >> /var/lib/apt/apt-add-queue
            printf "%s\\n" "$(busybox sort /var/lib/apt/apt-add-queue | busybox uniq)" \
                > /var/lib/apt/apt-add-queue
        fi

        #extract dpkg status output to append it at the end
        for pkg in $_dpkg__added_pkgs; do
            busybox sed -n '/Package: '"${pkg}"'$/,/^$/p' /var/lib/dpkg/status \
                >> /var/lib/dpkg/status-append-queue
        done
        _dpkg_continue_process
    fi

    pkgs__rm="$(cat /var/lib/apt/apt-rm-queue 2>/dev/null)"
    if [ -n "${pkgs__rm}" ]; then
        _dpkg_suspend_process
        busybox awk '/^Package: /{print $2}' /var/lib/dpkg/status | \
            busybox sort > /var/lib/dpkg/status-pkgs.orig
        _apt_run__output="$(DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get purge \
            -y ${pkgs__rm} 2>&1)" || printf "%s\\n" "${_apt_run__output}" >&2
        busybox awk '/^Package: /{print $2}' /var/lib/dpkg/status | \
            busybox sort > /var/lib/dpkg/status-pkgs.current
        _dpkg__removed_pkgs="$(busybox diff -Naur /var/lib/dpkg/status-pkgs.orig \
            /var/lib/dpkg/status-pkgs.current | busybox awk '/^-[a-zA-Z]/{gsub("^-","");print;}')"
        busybox rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/status-pkgs*
        #remove dependencies
        if [ -n "${_dpkg__removed_pkgs}" ]; then
            printf "%s\\n" "${_dpkg__removed_pkgs}" >> /var/lib/apt/apt-rm-queue
            printf "%s\\n" "$(busybox sort /var/lib/apt/apt-rm-queue | busybox uniq)" \
                > /var/lib/apt/apt-rm-queue
        fi
        _dpkg_continue_process
    fi

    _dpkg_sync_status_db
}

_apt_install foo bar
_apt_purge   ugly packages
_apt_run


Remove Android OS from Toshiba Tablet AT105 and boot as Ubuntu

Simplest Answer:

No.

The current development of Ubuntu for Android is focused on the Nexus 7 reference platform.

See: Need information regarding Ubuntu for Android

There may be a solution tailored for the Toshiba AT105 tablet ..

Check out XDA Developers forums: Welcome to xda-developers

These solutions are typically Android-based, and allow some form of Linux / Ubuntu to be installed. They may also require 'rooting' your device, ROM-BIOS updates, and/or customization.


Mouse can still move but no clicks are registered and everything is locked up

Try switching to a different tty (Ctrl-Alt-F1), login in, and then at the prompt type:

gnome-shell --display :0 --replace

Then switch back to the GUI (Ctrl-Alt-F7).


How to get NVidia GeForce GT 210 drivers working on Lucid Lynx?

Seems that once I got over this problem, I was able to switch to using a newer kernel (automatically installed by apt-get upgrade: 2.6.32-21 to 2.6.32-25), and with that kernel the Nouveau module was no longer in use (probably due to removing the xserver-xorg-video-nouveau package?).

Then, after installing appropriate linux-headers packages, the NVIDIA installer agreed to proceed and it rebuilt the kernel module and took it into use.

Then some dual-monitor configuration, and everything seems to be pretty smooth, finally. Whew. :-)

(Problems with the non-NVIDIA drivers included: 1) for VGA output the image was in the wrong place horizontally; you couldn't get it right even by manually adjusting the monitor 2) colours (or contrast) for DVI and VGA output were very different. There's only one DVI output in the card so I need to use VGA for the other monitor.)

I'm not sure if anyone will face exactly the same kind of mess that I did, but, to recap, for anyone else with the same or similar graphics card:

You can get NVidia GeForce GT 210 to work just fine on Ubuntu 10.04.
Get the drivers directly from NVIDIA (as described here), but before installing them, get rid of Nouveau completely.

Edit: Removing Nouveau drivers

I had to set up my machine all over again (due to the system disk, an Intel X25-M SSD, breaking down and having to be replaced...), this time bypassing any eCryptfs problems, so now it's a bit clearer to me how exactly you can remove and disable the Nouveau drivers (to be able to install NVIDIA ones):

apt-get --purge remove xserver-xorg-video-nouveau
As described in this answer: edit /etc/default/grub and add the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="nouveau.modeset=0"
sudo update-grub
Reboot

After that, you should be able to install NVIDIA drivers without conflicts with Nouveau.


I have installed hadoop 2. 6 on ubuntu 14.04 i need help in running it

To put a file into the HDFS, you can use the put command as shown under:

hadoop fs -put path-in-your-local-filesystem path-in-HDFS

Note that if you want to put your file within a new directory in HDFS, put will not create the directory itself. You need to mkdir first as shown: (-p to create parent directories as needed)

hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/input
hadoop fs -put /home/hduser/Desktop/input-file /user/input

(assuming input-file saved on hduser's Desktop)

To perform computations on the file using Hadoop, you need to write map and reduce functions. I would suggest you to start with the Word Count program to start learning MapReduce Programming. You can refer to Hadoop: The Definitive Guide.

Next, you need to compile your java source file (say WordCount.java) using:

sudo javac -classpath /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.6.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.6.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core-2.6.0.jar WordCount.java

Next, create a jar file with all the classes using

jar -cvf wc WordCount*.class

where wc is the name of the newly created jar.

Next, run the program using

hadoop jar jar-name main-class-name input-path-in-HDFS output-path-in-HDFS

For this example, you can use

hadoop jar wc WordCount /user/input/input-file /user/output

It will create the output directory automatically in HDFS.


Update: I fixed this problem by following the steps of installing the NVIDIA Driver.

After I installed NVIDIA Driver and reboot, I found my monitor could play sounds.

What a surprise! I installed the NVIDIA Driver for CUDA, but it fixed my sounds issue!


What is the difference between installing from a downloaded .deb file and from the command "sudo apt-get install"?

A .deb file is a package containing all the needed files for the application,
plus some utility files used for installation/removal, etc.
These are installed via dpkg, the "Debian Package Manager".

apt-get is a frontend to dpkg (as is apt, aptitute, ...). Simply said apt downloads the .deb from known repository sources and calls dpkg under the hood to execute actions on them (i.e. install, remove, purge, etc.).

But it's not all! The apt family do a lot of extra things for you.

It make sure the repository cache is up to date (apt update), so it will always install the "latest" version available for your OS.
It automatically resolves dependencies for you, so you won't have to look around the Internet for the correct .deb files to install (and their correct version) to satisfy the dependencies of the .deb you want to install.
The same dependency resolution helps you when you want to remove a package. apt suggests you which other packages were installed as dependencies (or you can instruct it to remove them automatically).

Usually, you'll want to use apt, as it keeps (or at least it tries hard!) your system clean and functional. There are cases where the "download .deb file manually and install via dpkg is preferable.
Obvioulsy, if the package maintainer does not publish it on the official repositories, nor on any PPA, nor has any interest of providing a repository. In this case the only option is download + dpkg.
Or maybe, you customized your system in some non-standard way, so you need to install and manage the package manually as apt gets "confused" and cannot resolve conflicts/dependencies/etc...


Open Software & Updates,

Click other software tab,

Uncheck http://ppa.launchpad.net/upubuntu-com/web/ubuntu/ trusty main under other softwares tab and close it.

Now you can update(sudo apt-get update).


Is there a way to lock my browser with a password?

Use ProfilePassword add-on for firefox. This would lock your firefox profile and whenever you run firefox it will ask for the password you set through add-on preferences.

Yes, these do not provide advanced security. But it's good enough just to prevent someone using firefox. I'm using it for some time now and had no problem yet.


Your double quotes are technically still inside single quotes so no expansion can happen. You can close the single quotes before starting the double quotes and do the reverse at the end of that inner section to achieve what you want:

TOOLS_DIR="/tools"
echo '#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE "'"$TOOLS_DIR"'"/etc/vimrc' >> src/feature.h

Alternatively:

TOOLS_DIR="/tools"
printf '#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE "%s"/etc/vimrc\n' "$TOOLS_DIR" >> src/feature.h


Sound stopped working in Ubuntu 16.04 after changing home directory

This happened to me in 20.04 lts .The below fixed the problem for me
Permanent fix:
sudo apt install alsa-tools-gui then
Run hdajackretask and then
Parser hints > jack_detect = no
Apply now then and
Install boot override


Tweaks and configuration for Radeon Open Source driver

Tosho, I had exactly the same problem about setting the power_profile at startup and keeping it thourgh supend-resume applying the common solutions (as described here) and finally found a working alternative solution using pm-utils. I'm not sure if it is the best way to do it (I'm new to Linux) but it does all I wished for: Set the radeon power_profile to low on boot and retain that setting after suspend-resume.

Step 1: Create hook

gksudo gedit /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/radeon-power_profile

Step 2: Fill in the desired setting

#!/bin/sh

echo profile > /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_method
echo low > /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_profile

exit 0

Step 3: Make it executable

sudo chmod +x /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/radeon-power_profile

That's it :)


Help! Locked out of server after running `shutdown -h now`

Press the power button on the server as "shutdown -h now" shutdown the server as in halt not reboot.  I think you where wanting "shutdown -r now"


First note that you only want to create a separate swap partition of 64 GB if you intend to enable hibernation. There is no other good reason to have a swap partition 1) that large and 2) on a dedicated swap partition for a desktop computer.
Secondly, note that there is no "best possible way" to repartition a drive. The possibilities depend on the current partitioning layout.
Creating a swap partition will require you to free space on the drive. You effectively can reduce the size of a partition while preserving the data on the partition, provided the existing data still fits on the reduced partition.
So yes, you can add linux swap partition without harming existing data on the hard drive, provides some conditions are met.
There is one single condition: you need to have a current backup of your (personal) data (only that). That the repartitioning does not harm existing data does not excuse you not to have a backup. Even if a procedure in principle preserves your data, things can o wrong, due to human error (you), or software or hardware error.


They are configuration files. One way:

Open a terminal window using Ctrl+Alt+T
Run the command gedit ~/.profile
Add the line

export PATH=$PATH:/media/De\ Soft/mongodb/bin

to the bottom and save
Log out and log in again

Edit:

A safer way is to use quotes. Doing so is necessary if one or more directories in the original PATH contain spaces. So:

export PATH="$PATH:/media/De Soft/mongodb/bin"


What command should I type to run Chrome from the terminal?

Well simply typing google-chrome works fine for me. It might not work if you installed Chromium. chromium-browser is for Chromium.

For Chrome:

google-chrome

For Chromium:

chromium-browser

However if it's a remote box... At least via ssh you must use -X when option connecting to be able to run windowed apps. Like this:

ssh -X username@server.lt


How to fix a "Failed to fetch binary-armhf/Packages" error during apt-get update?

You might install the armhf cross tools which add armhf as foreign architecture (your architecture maybe i386 or amd64). You can launch this command to verify:

dpkg --print-foreign-architectures

If the output includes armhf, you can simply remove it by running the command:

sudo dpkg --remove-architecture armhf

Finally, launch your sudo apt-get update again.


To keep your software synced you could use apt-clone. it will backup or restore your installed packages, software sources, signing keys and state.

sudo apt install apt-clone
man apt-clone


How to convert a btrfs file system in raid1 mode to raid0?

btrfs balance start -dconvert=raid0 /

That's all you need to do.  The system will busily move the existing data around to be raid0 (striped, no parity) and any further data will be written that way as well.

METAdata will still be written in duplicate. If you want to live EXTRA SUPER dangerously, feel free to tack on an -mconvert raid0 argument into the above command as well, then both data AND metadata on the array at / will be converted to raid0.


How to mount a disk partition that has been created by the system

Have you tried mounting partition using Disk application which is come along Ubuntu installation?

Open Disk, then click on your expected to be Linux Aux partition (perhaps it shows the Linux Aux label). Then choose more actions (on the below partition bar with 2 gears icon). Choose Mount options.

There you can set it to mount at autostart, show it in nautilus, and also set the Mount Points.

I think that's the easiest way.


Your Intel Corporation WiFi Link 5100 [8086:4232] uses the driver iwlwifi. Load it and see if the wireless comes to life:

sudo modprobe iwlwifi

Check:

iwconfig

If an interface wlan0 appears,let's get the module to load automatically on boot:

sudo -i
echo iwlwifi  >>  /etc/modules
exit

If not, check the log for clues as to why not:

dmesg | grep iwl

Post the result here and give us the link: http://paste.ubuntu.com

I will then edit this answer to propose a fuller solution.


You can combine step 1 and 2 by using tee which copies output to a file instead of redirecting it, so that it will still be visible in terminal.

Here would be your commands:

ls | tee etcdir
echo $?


The kernel of Ubuntu is in the package linux-image-$version, to see what packages of this type you have installed, do in a terminal the following command:

dpkg -l | grep linux-image

The update of kernel package, like of any other packages, will be automatically proposed by the system, if available.

If you suspect the update manager is not working properly, execute the following command:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

and post any errors they show.

If you otherwise need to upgrade to a newer kernel not available in lucid repos, you can download and install that of your choice on

  http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/

but be aware that they are not specifically tested against your system.


Stop pulseaudio from restarting under gdm/systemd! Other answers do not work!

In the files:
/usr/lib/systemd/user/pulseaudio.socket
/usr/lib/systemd/user/pulseaudio.service

Just below the line:
ConditionUser=!root

Add:
ConditionUser=!gdm

That's it!


Installed 13.04 clean on a machine that used to run 12.10. No longer boots

There is a bug with the kernel that effects nvidia drivers
You can either upgrade to saucy or use a mainline kernel

I would use a live cd to edit my /boot/grub/grub.cfg file and change every timeout=0 to timeout=10
This way I will have a chance to push keys during boot
This command should get the job done:
sudo sed -i 's/timeout=0/timeout=10/' /media/$USER/*/boot/grub/grub.cfg
you will need to mount the partition with /boot on it.


You can use Flatpak (see KDE Guidelines, you will get Okular 1.4.70 from KDE Platform 18.04, which is the latest).

Install it

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexlarsson/flatpak
sudo apt update
sudo apt install flatpak

Add KDE repo

flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub \
https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists kdeapps --from \
https://distribute.kde.org/kdeapps.flatpakrepo

Install Okular

flatpak install kdeapps org.kde.okular

Run Okular

flatpak run org.kde.okular


systemd --user: Can I mask all (non-essential) global services?

After reading more about how programs in a graphical session get started I learned that there are essentially three ways how programs can get started. The following list assumes an Xorg session, it might be different for Wayland:

Started by display manager (e.g. gdm) or xinit
Started via .desktop files found at various default paths on the system (e.g. /etc/xdg/autostart, or /usr/share/applications).
Started as user-service by systemd --user

So what a graphical Xorg session ends up running will depend not only on the systemd --user units getting started but also on what is in /etc/xdg/autostart and also how your X session is configured.

It is possible to mask each systemd user service via system --user mask $SERVICE. A list of service can be obtained via:

systemctl --user list-units -t service --state=running --full --all --plain --no-legend | awk -F ' ' '{ print $1 }'

As @heynnema mentioned its easily to break your system like that, for example I ended up masking my dbus.socket and then Xorg did not start anymore, probably because some processes that was required for the session depended on D-Bus.

Desktop Components (e.g. XDG Autostart)

Some components of the session might be managed by XDG autostart .desktop files. To disable an automatically started component, the respective .desktop desktop file has to be copied for the current user (e.g. from /etc/xdg/autostart or /usr/share/applications) to ~/.config/autostart and must contain Hidden=true.

However, if your session uses systemd, then these .desktop files may be automatically ignored if they contain X-GNOME-HiddenUnderSystemd=true.

Assuming the name of the current session is in ${XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP} the following one liner can be used to check which components are required by your sessions and see if they are managed by systemd:

components=$(cat /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/$XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP.session|grep RequiredComponents | awk -F '=' '{ print $2 }' | tr ';' '\n' | awk 'NF'); for component in $components; do file=$(locate -r "/${component}.desktop$" | grep -v "/home" ); systemd=$(grep "X-GNOME-HiddenUnderSystemd" $file); echo "$file: $systemd"; done | sort -u

Some aspects might be specific to the GNOME desktop.


This can be easily changed in this file

/etc/cups/printers.conf

here you will find all your installed printers. They are separated like this:

<DefaultPrinter Lexmark-XM1100>
.
.
.
</DefaultPrinter>

according to https://www.cups.org/doc/options.html in the "Setting the Orientation" section you can modify this file by adding or modifying one of the rotating options. For example, I have added this line to rotate for 180 degrees

Option orientation-requested 6

after I restarted cups:

sudo systemctl restart cups.service

and called

system-config-printer

orientation was already changed to "Reverse portrait"

And if we want to change orientation on the command line, following page
gives us info how to do it.
The

lpadmin -p <printer-name> -o orientation-requested-default=N

option rotates the page depending on the value of N:


Install wxWidgets-3.1.4, Install Code::Blocks

I would recommend to start by using related packages from the official repositories:

Codeblocks 16.01 packages:
sudo apt-add-reposotitory universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install codeblocks codeblocks-dev

WxWidgets 3.0.4 packages
sudo apt-add-reposotitory universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libwxbase3.0-dev libwxgtk3.0-dev

and then compile some wxWidgets test program using CodeBlocks.

If you are sure that you need to compile both programs by yourself - then  start with installing build-dependencies by:
sudo apt-get build-dep codeblocks wxwidgets3.0

and then retry your build procedure.


Detecting if the Activities Overview is open?

You can use command
qdbus org.gnome.Shell /org/gnome/Shell org.gnome.Shell.OverviewActive

to see whether activity overview is open or not. If the output is true it is open.
To use qdbus, you may have to run
sudo apt install qttools5-dev-tools


Why is the output of echo $((i++)) different than echo $((i=i+1))

Ok remember that doing a ++i (Pre-Increment) is not the same as i++ (Post-Increment).

Pre-increments will increase the value before output to terminal. Post-Increments will do it after posting it to the terminal. So you will see that the first value is the same as the assign one in the beginning for the first case.

To check this just do this twice:

i=1
$((i++)) // The output will be 1,2

And then check the rest twice also:

i=1
$((++i)) // The output will be 2,3

For the echo $((i=i+1)) it will behave the same as a Pre-Increment in the sense that (As shown by the equation) it will assign +1 to the value of 1 and then output the result.

Just to test out the results I made a small script to play with:

x=1
xx=$((x++))

y=1
yy=$((y=y+1))

z=1
zz=$((++z))

echo $xx "Post-Increment"
echo $yy "Y+1 Sum / Same as Pre-Increment"
echo $zz "Pre-Increment"

if [ $xx -eq $yy ]; then
 echo "Post-Increment X equals normal Y+1 method.. yeah right.."
elif [ $xx -eq $zz ]; then
 echo "Post-Increment X equals Pre-Increment Z.. yeah sure..no problem"
elif [ $yy -eq $zz ]; then
 echo "Normal Y+1 method equals Pre-Increment Z.. BINGO! You get a cookie"
fi


How to read user last email using a shell script?

Welcome to the wonderful hell of IMAP ;-)
You can use python to do that:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from __future__ import unicode_literals

from email.parser import HeaderParser

import imaplib, email, re

list_response_pattern = re.compile(r'\((?P<flags>.*?)\) "(?P<delimiter>.*)" (?P<name>.*)')

def parse_list_response(line):
    flags, delimiter, mailbox_name = list_response_pattern.match(line).groups()
    return (flags, delimiter, mailbox_name)

# Add your data here
HOST = 'server.de'
USERNAME = 'user'
PASSWORD = 'password'

server = imaplib.IMAP4(HOST) # connect
server.login(USERNAME, PASSWORD) # login
server.select('INBOX',readonly=True) # select mailbox aka folder

result, data = server.search(None, "ALL") # search emails

ids = data[0] # data is a list.
id_list = ids.split() # ids is a space separated string
latest_email_id = id_list[-1] # get the latest
result, data = server.fetch(latest_email_id, "(RFC822)") # fetch email

for response_part in data:
    if isinstance(response_part, tuple):
        msg = email.message_from_string(response_part[1])
        varSubject = msg['subject']
        varFrom = msg['from']
        varDate = msg['Date']

        print varDate + " " + varFrom.split()[-1] + " " + varSubject

server.close()
server.logout()


Ubuntu Windows Dual boot on the same drive problem

Your Windows installation overwrote MBR with its own data - hence it boots directly to Windows.
You have to reinstall grub in MBR and then add your Windows to the menu in it, the best.

In order to do that you can use rescue/live cd to boot into Linux.

In case you only want to retrieve your data from Linux partition you also can use LiveCD or basically do that in your Windows, using some tools to read Linux filesystem(s) - I guess it would be ext2/3/4.


Ubuntu 16.04 in virtual box stuck in login loop

For me my Issue was with the 3D settings, after uncheck that option un Vitualbox settings my Ubuntu Budgie works.

I hope this solve your problem.


How can I get quake2 running on ubuntu without cd?

"Quake2 for debian" which is freely downloadable is just the game engine, you need the game data (found on game disk) as well to play Quake2.

Read that readme.debian to find information.


How do I get Geforce 540m switchable graphics working?

This should work for you:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupport/Machines/Laptops/Dell/XPS/15#Optimus_.2BAC8_Graphics_cards


This has bothered me too, and I have not found a workaround that doesn't involve installing an additional application.  In my case, I decided on wicd, which is a single manager for both wired and wireless configurations.  It's worked pretty well for me in solving the problem you describe.


This looks like a job for xargs.

If your file is formatted like this:

old_file1 new_file1
old_file2 new_file2

then you can do xargs -a your_file -n 2 mv.


what is the maximum output file size ddrescue ? ( recovered size)

First off the output from ddrescue should be viewable, and you should see the numbers steadily rise.

There are a large number of factors that will determine how long 2TB will take to process, but the ddrescue command should show a current and average rate in kB/s which can be used to calculate how long you should expect to wait.

It's been a long time since I've used ddrescue, but I recall that you should specify a mapfile.  From the manual:

The format for running ddrescue is:

 ddrescue [options] infile outfile [mapfile]

 infile and outfile may be files, devices or partitions. mapfile is a regular file and must be placed in an existing directory. If mapfile does not exist, ddrescue will create it.

 Always use a mapfile unless you know you won't need it. Without a mapfile, ddrescue can't resume a rescue, only reinitiate it.

If you used a mapfile, and you are worried for whatever reason you can safely interrupt the process, (ctl-c or kill will work) and then start the process again, carrying on from where you left off.


My bootable pendrive is 8GB but it only formats to 7.45. Why?

The other part is for the partition table on the USB, that is the way it goes for all formatted disks! That is used to tell where your partitions are located on the said disk!


"This site can't be reached" when using virtual host

The reason why your browser cannot open the justtestingthis.com page is that there is no alias pointing to where it is supposed to go.  You have in your /etc/hosts file only 127.0.0.1 justtestingthis, where that is just the name.  The browser has no idea where the name with .com is since it is not specified.

To fix this, change the line in your /etc/hosts to:

127.0.0.1 www.justtestingthis.com

This should now alias justtestingthis.com to the localhost or 127.0.0.1 in your web browser to your Apache page.  It will also open with justtestingthis.com without the www.

Hope this helps!


Neither the physical keyboard nor the on-screen keyboard work after GNOME sign-in

I have no idea what the problem was, but it seems to have "fixed itself."


To not save a single command in your history just precede it with a space (marked with ␣ here):

$ echo test
test
$ history | tail -n2
 3431  echo test
 3432  history | tail -n2
$ ␣echo test2
test2
$ history | tail -n2
 3431  echo test
 3432  history | tail -n2

This behaviour is set in your ~/.bashrc file, namely in this line:

HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

man bash says:

  HISTCONTROL
  A  colon-separated  list  of values controlling how commands are
  saved on the history list.   If  the  list  of  values  includes
  ignorespace,  lines  which  begin with a space character are not
  saved in the history list.  A value of ignoredups  causes  lines
  matching the previous history entry to not be saved.  A value of
  ignoreboth is shorthand for ignorespace and ignoredups.

ignoredups by the way is the reason why history | tail -n2 appears only once in the history in the above test.

A terminal's history is saved in the RAM and flushed to your ~/.bash_history as soon as you close the terminal. If you want to delete a specific entry from your ~/.bash_history you can do so with sed:

                                   # print every line…
sed '/^exit$/!d' .bash_history     # … which is just “exit”
sed '/^history/!d' .bash_history   # … beginning with “history”
sed '/>>log$/!d' .bash_history     # … ending with “>>log”
sed '\_/path/_!d' .bash_history    # … containing “/path/” anywhere

In the last one I changed the default delimiter / to _ as it's used inside the search term, in fact this is equal to sed -i '/\/path\//d' .bash_history. If the command outputs only the lines you want to delete add the -i option and change !d to d to perform the deletion:

                                   # delete every line…
sed -i '/^exit$/d' .bash_history   # … which is just “exit”
sed -i '/^history/d' .bash_history # … beginning with “history”
sed -i '/>>log$/d' .bash_history   # … ending with “>>log”
sed -i '\_/path/_d' .bash_history  # … containing “/path/” anywhere


How to have separated but vinculated multiple Ubuntu One accounts?

There isn't any support in the client for managing multiple accounts in the Ubuntu One client software.

That said, you should be able to achieve the above using a single account:

Create one account for you, and have your business partners do the same.
Put the files you want to share with business partners into a folder synchronised by Ubuntu One (either under ~/Ubuntu One, or another folder you've asked to synchronise).
Right click on this folder, and select Share... under the Ubuntu One submenu and enter the email addresses of the people you want to share the folder with.  If you want them to be able to modify files in the folder, give them write access at this point.
Have your business partners accept the shared folder.  The shared folder should appear under their ~/Ubuntu One folder.


gedit in 16.04: show tab with filename when only one file open

Ubuntu 14.04 uses gedit 3.10.4-0ubuntu4 that shows tab by default. That has changed in Ubuntu 16.04, which now uses gedit 3.18.3-0ubuntu4 according to this package search result.

How to show tabs

The gedit FAQ has noted two commands, which are relevant to change the appearance of tabs. The useful one is the latter, which uses range option to show all possible values for the particular key show-tabs-mode. The following shows the output by default in Ubuntu 16.04.

$ gsettings get org.gnome.gedit.preferences.ui show-tabs-mode
'auto'

$ gsettings range org.gnome.gedit.preferences.ui show-tabs-mode
enum
'never'
'auto'
'always'

To make gedit always show the tabs, run the following command.

gsettings set org.gnome.gedit.preferences.ui show-tabs-mode 'always'

The result will be applied immediately and gedit will now always show the tabs (the old default).

Upper half screenshot: gedit is showing the initial tab "Untitled Document 1"

Lower half screenshot: the global menu is shown in the window's title bar and set visibility to "Always displayed". The file name is similarly shown in the tab.

When it happened

The changes of hiding the initial tab in gedit most likely had occurred in target release 3.12, as part of UI redesign, according to the roadmap. Below are two related commits found on the web.

From GNOME Git Repository, this commit dated 11 Jan 2014 has noted:

  When notebook "show-tabs" becomes true, check the show-tabs-mode

  When exiting fullscreen, we go back to show tabs, but we should
  check show-tabs-mode and see if they should really be shown.

From GNOME Mail Archive, this commit dated 16 Feb 2014 has noted:

  [gedit] Change the name of the tabs-mode setting

/* window state keys */
 ...
-#define GEDIT_SETTINGS_SHOW_TABS_MODE    "notebook-show-tabs-mode"
+#define GEDIT_SETTINGS_SHOW_TABS_MODE    "show-tabs-mode"
 ...

The difference

For gedit in Ubuntu 16.04, the initial tab is extended from end to end. One may not notice the tab is already shown after running the gsettings set command, since the entire tab bar has been covered by the tab itself. Unfortunately, there is no apparent option to change this behaviour.

Note that the key show-tabs-mode is available for gedit in Ubuntu 16.04 (and possibly newer releases), but not applicable to gedit in earlier releases of Ubuntu. To find out the relevant keys of the schema, run the following command.

gsettings list-keys org.gnome.gedit.preferences.ui

In Ubuntu 14.04, the available keys are:

bottom-panel-visible
max-recents
statusbar-visible
notebook-show-tabs-mode   <-- old key
side-panel-visible
toolbar-visible

In Ubuntu 16.04, the available keys are:

bottom-panel-visible
max-recents
statusbar-visible
show-tabs-mode   <-- new key
side-panel-visible
toolbar-visible

The difference of key can be confirmed in the commit dated 16 Feb 2014 as mentioned above.


Dual boot missing ubuntu 12.04 LTS ,now only Windows is directly starting?

Dowload Easybcd software it is free for home user install it open it you will see add new entry click on it go to linux tab add entry click on edit boot menu select the appropriate timeout option and save setting


Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174: Not capturing data packets in monitor mode

Do you use custom drivers? As far as I know linux distros that are capable of sniffing wifi have custom drivers installed, like Kali, Backbox and so on.
I don't think there is a problem with the card itself, but rather with the software.

I suggest you try using Kali or other distros and use tools like airodump-ng, so you can rule this out.


sudo lets you run commands in your own user account with root privileges. su lets you switch user so that you're actually logged in as root.

sudo -s runs a shell with root privileges. sudo -i does this as well, but also acquires the root user's environment.

This means that login-specific resource files such as .profile, .bashrc or .login will be read and executed by the shell.


My laptop overheats while watching videos and fans will be always on

If the fans are running full speed and it still overheats, it's not an OS problem.  There is either little to no air flow, or your fan/heat sink is not properly mounted.
You should feel good air flow coming out of the vents when they are at full speed.  If not, you can try to clean out the vents with an air compressor or a can of compressed air.  Also make sure the air intake is not covered, laptops should not be used on a soft surface like a blanket or you lap as the air intake can easily be blocked.
If the airflow is reasonable, then I would recommend applying new thermal paste and making sure the fan and sink are properly mounted.


How long does it take to install Ubuntu?

It takes 10-15 minutes if you switch off the internet (dont download updates and language packs), and if you know what you are doing (have read the guides, and are clear about what to do).


Recovering data from Private in an ecryptfs backup when the new home is also encrypted

The best way to recover is by using the ecryptfs-recover-private utility from a LiveISO.

I say that because this will ensure that your recovery happens in a safe, repeatable, read-only environment.

That said, you certainly can run ecryptfs-recover-private on a running system.  But I'd strongly recommend that you log out all instances of the user you're trying to recover, and then login as root or some other user.


Difference between Kodi and Kodi-standalone? Both launch fine w/o a window manager

Accoding to user FernetMenta over at the Kodi forums:

The option standalone has nothing to do with a window manager (docs/wiki is wrong). With standalone Kodi is i.e. allowed to power the system down and users can change refresh rate in settings dialog.
Running Kodi without a window manager may work but is not a supported and tested scenario.


To be more precise,It is just small marginal tearing during high motion video correct? If so, I recently had this problem on Ubuntu and fixed it via compiz settings (setting v sync to blank and undirecting full screen windows). It is to my understanding that Xubuntu uses its own compositing/window manager so I wouldn't be awfully much help, but if you try playing around with that it may work. I found this video as a great reference tool for how much tearing was going on: btw I have the same intel HD 4400 GPU, I think this is the root of the problem haha. Let me know if this works for you!


Under the "System Settings application > Keyboard > Shortcuts > Launchers" you can set the shortcut to launch Terminal. I guess there is your problem!

This would be my second guess in gconf!


Autostart script to notify me on connection issues

How about :

#!/bin/bash
dev='eth0'

if { nmcli dev status | grep "^"$dev".* connected" ;} &>/dev/null; then
  while :; do
    if ping -c 4 -i 0.5 gmail.com &>/dev/null; then
        sleep 5
    else
        sleep 30
        until ping -c 4 -i 0.5 gmail.com &>/dev/null; do
          notify-send --urgency=critical "Network issue"
          sleep 30
        done
        notify-send --urgency=critical "There was a Network issue, Its Ok now"
    fi
  done
fi

Save the interface you want to monitor as variable dev.

This script will first check if the connection is Up, if it is up then it will send 4 ICMP echo request packets with 0.5 seconds interval to 192.168.1.1 (assuming this is your routers IP address). If any of the packets have echo response from the router then it will wait for 5 seconds before stating the ping check again.

Now if all 4 of the packets failed to get the response from router then it will sleep for 30 seconds so that we are not overwhemed by sudden network blip. After 30 seconds it will start checking with ping again, if succeeds this time the message There was a Network issue, Its Ok now will be shown.

If it not Ok still, then the message Network issue will be shown, then it will wait for 30 seconds and will start looping again until any successful response is received.


In a dual boot system, how does the BIOS choose which bootloader to run?

BIOS firmware doesn't really choose the bootloader.  It loads code from sector 0 of a drive and executes it.  Whatever is there, it will execute.  Hopefully it is a bootloader (or something that loads a bootloader) but it doesn't have to be.  In the early PC days you had games on floppy disks that would simply boot and run without an OS - these are now called "booters."

UEFI firmware actually understands partitions and filesystems, and scans drives for a UEFI System partition type.  Since this is a filesystem, multiple bootloaders can be placed here.  UEFI firmware is supposed to provide a menu or other way for you to select which bootloader is used.

Many UEFI systems are booting in "Legacy mode" - where the UEFI loads a "Compatibility Service Module" - something that makes it look like a BIOS - and actually work like the BIOS.

GRUB is a common open-source bootloader that can either boot Linux or "chainload" (give control to) a Windows bootloader (typically winload.exe in the Boot folder of a Windows partition).  GRUB is what's giving you the ability to make a decision.  GRUB can read configuration files and take its default choice from them.

Read this if you want copious, gory details.


how can I read from a USB device without knowing the device name?

The information provided by lsusb should be enough to work out the /dev location, as everything connected via USB will be readable from /dev/bus/usb/{bus}/{device}.
Here is the output of lsusb on my notebook, which — for the sake of this example — has a wireless mouse dongle and a Canon DSLR camera attached via USB.
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 138a:0097 Validity Sensors, Inc.
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 04f2:b5ce Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd Integrated Camera
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 8087:0a2b Intel Corp.
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 04f2:b5cf Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd Integrated IR Camera
Bus 001 Device 007: ID 045e:07fd Microsoft Corp. Nano Transceiver 1.1
Bus 001 Device 008: ID 04a9:3270 Canon, Inc. EOS 100D
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

The dongle for the mouse is at Bus 001 Device 007, so this means I can query/probe it from /dev/bus/usb/001/007.
If you would like to get more information about a USB device, you can also use usb-devices from the terminal. This will output information about data transmission rates, power limits, serial numbers and the like. For the mouse's dongle, I get this:
T:  Bus=01 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=01 Cnt=02 Dev#=  7 Spd=12  MxCh= 0
D:  Ver= 2.00 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=32 #Cfgs=  1
P:  Vendor=045e ProdID=07fd Rev=03.15
S:  Manufacturer=Microsoft
S:  Product=Microsoft Nano Transceiver 1.1
C:  #Ifs= 3 Cfg#= 1 Atr=a0 MxPwr=100mA
I:  If#=0x0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=03(HID  ) Sub=01 Prot=01 Driver=usbhid
I:  If#=0x1 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=03(HID  ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=usbhid
I:  If#=0x2 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=03(HID  ) Sub=01 Prot=02 Driver=usbhid

This also confirms that the device is connected to Bus 1 as Device 7 along the top line.
If you're looking for something that might help with debugging a device, then dmesg may be what you're looking for. Again, for the mouse's dongle, I see this in the output:
[208483.802953] usb 1-2: new full-speed USB device number 7 using xhci_hcd
[208483.955942] usb 1-2: New USB device found, idVendor=045e, idProduct=07fd, bcdDevice= 3.15
[208483.955944] usb 1-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
[208483.955945] usb 1-2: Product: Microsoft Nano Transceiver 1.1
[208483.955946] usb 1-2: Manufacturer: Microsoft
[208483.985246] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[208483.985247] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[208483.999278] input: Microsoft Microsoft Nano Transceiver 1.1 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/0003:045E:07FD.0001/input/input19
[208484.059311] hid-generic 0003:045E:07FD.0001: input,hidraw0: USB HID v1.11 Keyboard [Microsoft Microsoft Nano Transceiver 1.1] on usb-0000:00:14.0-2/input0
[208484.059641] input: Microsoft Microsoft Nano Transceiver 1.1 Consumer Control as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.1/0003:045E:07FD.0002/input/input20
[208484.119192] input: Microsoft Microsoft Nano Transceiver 1.1 System Control as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.1/0003:045E:07FD.0002/input/input21
[208484.119309] input: Microsoft Microsoft Nano Transceiver 1.1 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.1/0003:045E:07FD.0002/input/input22
[208484.119483] hid-generic 0003:045E:07FD.0002: input,hiddev0,hidraw1: USB HID v1.11 Device [Microsoft Microsoft Nano Transceiver 1.1] on usb-0000:00:14.0-2/input1
[208484.119645] input: Microsoft Microsoft Nano Transceiver 1.1 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.2/0003:045E:07FD.0003/input/input23
[208484.178991] hid-generic 0003:045E:07FD.0003: input,hidraw2: USB HID v1.11 Mouse [Microsoft Microsoft Nano Transceiver 1.1] on usb-0000:00:14.0-2/input2

This will give you specific input pointers, which are useful if you're writing code that directly interfaces with the hardware, such as a device driver.
Hope this gives you the information you're looking for.


Can I use other Desktop environment in Ubuntu-Studio and exchange whenever I want?, Xfce to Unity & Vise

Yes, this works the same as in any Ubuntu installation. The only difference is that new versions of Ubuntu Studio use Xfce by default.

In a standard Ubuntu installation, Ubuntu provides you with the Unity and Unity 2D desktop environments. You can select between those at the login screen. Click the circular button with the Ubuntu logo on it and a drop-down menu will appear showing your options for graphical session types. (If you're logged in, log out to get to the login screen.)

If you want Xfce, install the package called xubuntu-desktop. Then you'll see Xubuntu as an option on the login screen.
In Ubuntu Studio, you already have Xfce, and the GNOME Unity interface is what you have to install. The best way to get this is to install the ubuntu-desktop package.

Then log out, and select Ubuntu or Ubuntu 2D as your session type on the login screen.

To install any package (including ubuntu-desktop), you should be connected to the Internet. Then you can install it in the Software Center, or you can install it from the Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) by running these commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

You'll probably prefer the Software Center, as it uses a simple, graphical interface.

The amount you'll have to download will depend on what components you currently have installed, so it would be hard for me to guess that...but both installation methods will give you this information when you go to install anything.


Google dropped their support for i386, which is why this error shows up. As I assume you're 64-bit Ubuntu user will notice error that you mentioned already on your question.

For fix, the repository must be specifically set for 64-bit only. To do this, use convenience sed one-liner command, without having to modify file by hand:

sudo sed -i -e 's/deb http/deb [arch=amd64] http/' "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list"

For missing public key problem, you can try adding it back:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 1397BC53640DB551

Wrong Sources List Entry or Malformed File For Chrome while using apt-get update

Fix failed to fetch Google Chrome


Try the menubar instead. It's mapped to modkey + p in the default config, and appears to be built using .desktop files:

local menubar = require("menubar")
...
awful.key({ modkey }, "p", function() menubar.show() end)


imap-login: Error: Failed to initialize SSL server context: Can't load SSL certificate ee key too mall

I needed to add the following to my /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf file:
ssl_dh = </usr/share/dovecot/dh.pem

The dh.pem file did already exist in my case, but YMMV.


How to retrieve Kazam video/screencast that did not save? Location of cached file?

This worked for me:

Download the perl script
install ffmpeg
try sudo for the perl command

VLC can't read the mp4 but youtube can upload and read it


Anyone have luck getting graphics working with an NVIDIA GeForce GT 640M (iMac)?

I was eventually able to get this to work by adding the xorg-edgers PPA and installing the latest proprietary NVIDIA driver there.


Freeze on shutdown/restart and randomly - Xubuntu 15.10 - Acer Aspire ES1-512

Here's the solution to the shutdown problems:

  [...] In the BIOS settings I had to disable the "xHCI support (external USB 3.0 controller)". Maybe not the best solution, but it works for me.

  Also, it's worth mentioning that I disabled UEFI in the BIOS and using legacy mode instead [...]

Source: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1529860#p1529860


Figure out its uuid:

(At least once, under whatever circumstances, if nothing helps, by mounting it on a friends machine). First, let's get the current id. (that can change again, on another time)

mount | grep ^/dev

You should somewhere should recognize its actual name here,

/dev/sda4...
/dev/sda5 on /boot ...
/dev/sdc1 on /media/frank/iPhoneWhatsoever...
/dev/sdc2 on /media/frank/my BackupDrive...

Now, say, it's sdb1. Let's figure out its truly unique uuid:

$> ll /dev/disk/by-uuid/ | grep sdc1

Should get you a fairly long string (often hex, sometimes with dashes)

lrwxrwxrwx [...]  366A2F886A2F003A -> ../../sdc1

manual mount

directory must pre-exist, not taken care of. so generate it (only once, ever):

sudo mkdir /media/myFx

And here we go

mount /dev/disk/by-uuid/366A2F886A2F003A /media/myFX

manual unmount

sudo umount /dev/disk/by-uuid/366A2F886A2F003A

Additionally if not done yet, add it to /etc/fstab.
For that or for mount command (see man pages) you might want to use additional parameters, if there are problems with your preferred user rights, a ‘rare’ drive format etc... Just as a sketch:

sudo mount -t ntfs -o umask=007,gid=046,uid=0,nls=utf8 /dev/disk/by-uuid/366A2F886A2F003A /media/myFX


Problems installing FortiClient on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

I searched a bit further and found this thread here on askubuntu:

How do I fix the GPG error "NO_PUBKEY"?

That worked.  :)


Replace default audio control with pavucontrol

Unfortunately, this is not possible without editing the source code for the sound indicator.


Only you can decide what is the best Ubuntu version and/or [Ubuntu community] flavour of Ubuntu.

Try them live (booted from a DVD disk or USB pendrive or directly from the iso file in a virtual machine) without installing in your computer and with the tasks that are important for you. After that you can install the version and flavour, that is best for you.

Try Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, ...) before installing it

I should add, that it is worthwhile to compare booting from a DVD disk or USB pendrive with booting in a virtual machine. If the computer is powerful enough, your guest operating system can be rather fast and responsive, but the performance will suffer (more or less) when running in a virtual machine, and then it is a good idea to use an Ubuntu flavour with a light footprint, Lubuntu, Ubuntu MATE or Xubuntu.

Please note that installing an operating system is risky, so backup everything that you cannot afford to lose before starting the installation.


Pinch zoom in browsers on Ubuntu 20.04 with Wayland

Pinch zoom has now been implemented in Firefox 86. It is not enabled by default yet but you can set apz.gtk.touchpad_pinch.enabled=true and it works.


Olá!

Depende de qual o hardware que tens. O Ubports tem diversos ports de Ubuntu Touch para diversos equipamentos móveis. Dá uma olhada em https://ubports.com

Hi!

It depends on your hardware. Ubports has several Ubuntu Touch ports to several different mobile equipments. Give a look at https://ubports.com


I create office files in "MS word, Powerpoint, Access" can I see my Office files in Ubuntu?

I'm not sure i understand your question,

If you are asking, if you can see documents made with Microsoft office in Ubuntu. the answer is yes.

Ubuntu has LibreOffice already installed for you. and you can open .doc and .docx and ALL the Microsoft office files with it.(powerpoint, excel, etc...)

You can create documents in Ubuntu with LibreOffice in the same formats too.

If you have Ubuntu 11.10 installed, click the first icon on the launcher (on the left), and then type libreoffice and click the icon to launch it.


How to perform partition on a drive where ubuntu is installed?

The best way is to use a Live USB stick, run it and shrink your drive from gparted inside the Live so you wont have the lock on your HDD


There are many many guides on doing this and it's not actually that difficult. Here is one guide

http://news.softpedia.com/news/how-to-dual-boot-windows-10-and-ubuntu-linux-500635.shtml

When I dual booted Windows 10 and Ubuntu, I had to disable secureboot in the BIOS and I also had to disable fast resume from within windows. Also, I had to install Windows first so that grub included Windows in the boot list. (Windows will not include Ubuntu !)

However, I am totally Windows free these days except for an XP virtualbox that I use to run the odd program that is Windows only.

Hope this helps.


Yes there is keepass and several others (list below). To install keepass type in terminal

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:jtaylor/keepass
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install keepass2

OR

To install from software center, keepass2 and keepassX, you can just click button below
 For keepass2
 For keepassX

Source:

How to geek
Keepass
Tech radar

AND

There are several others...

Fiagaro's Password Manager
Gpass
Gpassword Manager
Gringotts
KeePassX
MyPasswords
PasswordSafe
Revelation


You can try sspender https://github.com/mountassir/sspender

It allows you to suspend your machine based on pre-defined CPU/Disk usage, and makes sure the machine wakes up at certain times when you need it to be ON.


You need to run xhost to allow connections from that user.  The following will allow anybody to open windows on that machine:

xhost +

Note that this needs to be run in a terminal that is running on the X server.  See the xhost manpage for more information.


Is there a way to install the Ubuntu Software center offline?

Its not necessary for your computer to have internet connection. However access to internet (on any device) is obviously required to get the installation files.

If you could arrange .deb file of the Software Centre by asking your friend run this to install.

sudo dpkg -i /path-to-file/filename.deb


I have resolved this issue.
I have downloaded the drivers from Samsung https://support.hp.com/us-en/drivers/selfservice/samsung-xpress-sl-m2070-laser-multifunction-printer-series/16450377

install it.

cd /path/to/download/directory
tar -xvzf uld_V1.00.39_01.17.tar.gz
cd uld_V1.00.39_01.17/uld
sudo sh install.sh

It is not all.

Important!! Go to Additional Printer Setting.

then Add  >Select Samsung M2070 >Forward
Select Samsung > Forward > Select model ml3050.
Print test page.

Hope it will work well.


The path is correct but the file doesn't exist yet. It is not created by default because it's an optional way to configure your own settings.

Like with any text editor, when you call vim and enter the name of a file that doesn't exist (or is blank) it opens a blank file with that name, that's why

vim ~/.vimrc

opens an empty file. Press i, write something, and then save the file somehow by typing esc:wenter and now you have a ~/.vimrc

Should you need one, you will find an example for ~/.vimrc somewhere in /usr/share/vim/. On my system it's /usr/share/vim/vim74/vimrc_example.vim

Inside it tells you what to do if you want to use it:

" An example for a vimrc file.
"
" Maintainer:   Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
" Last change:  2016 Mar 25
"
" To use it, copy it to
"     for Unix and OS/2:  ~/.vimrc

Lazy way to find it:

sudo updatedb && locate vimrc

Otherwise, you can make your own from scratch. Here's one wiki with some guidance on making ~/.vimrc.


Ubuntu 12.04 directory is full and won't boot

Looks like your swap area partition has been deleted, you might have lost the boot menu, the best solution, I think is to partition another partition for grub and install a grub loader. (read this for help : http://www.webupd8.org/2009/05/fix-restore-grub-boot-loader.html )


Fuzzy text in console on external monitor

I had the same, but was able to adjust the Sharpness on my external monitor (Dell 27") using the physical buttons and built-in menu on the actual monitor.


How do I look up the name of the current workspace?

You can do it with wmctrl -d to list all workspaces.  The * represents the current workspace:

~$ wmctrl -d
0  * DG: 3840x1080  VP: 0,0  WA: 0,25 3840x1055  1
1  - DG: 3840x1080  VP: N/A  WA: 0,25 3840x1055  2
2  - DG: 3840x1080  VP: N/A  WA: 0,25 3840x1055  3
3  - DG: 3840x1080  VP: N/A  WA: 0,25 3840x1055  4

So, to get only the current, grep for the *:

~$ wmctrl -d | grep -w '*'
0  * DG: 3840x1080  VP: 0,0  WA: 0,25 3840x1055  1

Hope this helps!


Wireless driver causes frequent system freezes

Unfortunately it looks like that card isn't supported yet, but you could try these instructions.


How to change decimal comma to decimal period in numpad?

In Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, there are at least two ways to do this.
Assumptions:

You want to do this for Unity (graphical environment).
The goal is just to change comma to dot, not to change the whole layout or other options.

Option 1: GUI (dconf-editor)

Run (Alt+F2) "dconf-editor", navigate in the tree to schema "org.gnome.desktop.input-sources" and set the key "xkb-options" to value that you want, e.g. "['kpdl:comma']" or "['kpdl:dot']".

Values are defined in xkeyboard-config help:

man xkeyboard-config

This is what I found there:

Numeric keypad delete key behaviour
   ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
   │Option               Description                                 │
   ├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
   │kpdl:dot             Legacy key with dot                         │
   │kpdl:comma           Legacy key with comma                       │
   │kpdl:dotoss          Four-level key with dot                     │
   │kpdl:dotoss_latin9   Four-level key with dot, Latin-9 only       │
   │kpdl:commaoss        Four-level key with comma                   │
   │kpdl:momayyezoss     Four-level key with momayyez                │
   │kpdl:kposs           Four-level key with abstract separators     │
   │kpdl:semi            Semicolon on third level                    │
   └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Option 2: Command line (gsettings)

You can also use command line instead of dconf-editor GUI to accomplish the same. Like this:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options "['kpdl:comma']"


Can't see the bottom of the installation window

Apparently the problem is limited to the last version of Ubuntu 20.04
Tried out with ubuntu 18.04.4 and seems to work fine, I'm about to install it.
Though still have to use nouveau.modeset=0 but planning to upgrade it as soon as the install is done. Or while the install.
Thank you anyways! And hoping to still get some insight from someone who knows what is the issue with the 20.04 version.


Every time I turn on computer green square shows over wallpaper Ubuntu 20.04

I had similar issue when upgrading from Ubuntu 19.10 to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.

I'm using Nvidia-prime with "On Demand" profile, so in fact still using the Intel graphic card for the desktop.

Solution was to remove the xserver-xorg-video-intel driver which is discouraged for hardware from 2007 and newer. Better to uninstall this driver and let the system use its builtin modesetting driver instead.

This can be done by the following command:

sudo apt purge xserver-xorg-video-intel

I found this solution there (as suggested in the comments by 0xC0000022L and karel):
Ubuntu 20.04 graphics driver problem


Using numlock for Trendnet KVM switch no longer works

I had the same issue and gleaned the answer from a post by George at http://beitis.net/ubuntu-kvm-switches-and-scroll-lock/

Basically, the workaround is to go to the console (Control + Alt + F1) and do the Num Lock there. I had to hit it 3 times to activate the switch.  When you come back to this machine it will still be in the console so do Control + Alt + F7 to get to the GUI.

[edit] Nah, twice works too.


The answer was already given by the OP himself:

  I tried the wc -l *pdb and it showed me that two files were empty. I
  didn't know that was possible. But quite smart :)


the disk drive for /media/sdb1 is not ready or not presented - at running in ubuntu 12.04

I don't know why you have /dev/sdb1 in your fstab, but I know why you see that error at boot:

While booting, the kernel does a mount -a which looks at the fstab and tries to mount all the filesystems, but apparently your drive isn't present at the moment of mounting or you are using an incorrect module.

So to prevent this, you could either:

Delete/comment the line:

 #/dev/sdb1    /media/sdb1    vfat    uid=1000    0    0

Add noauto as mount option:

/dev/sdb1    /media/sdb1    vfat    uid=1000,noauto    0    0

Change the entry for a label or UUID:

UUID=AA64B45A64B42AC9    /media/sdb1    vfat    uid=1000    0    0

Use auto instead ofvfat:

/dev/sdb1    /media/sdb1    auto    uid=1000    0    0

You should make user that the /media/sdb1 directory exists. Notice that for each line I changed the uid to the UID of the username. You should verify your own using:

cat /etc/passwd | grep braiam
braiam:x:1000:1000:braiam,,,:/home/braiam:/bin/bash

My uid is 1000.

I would love to ask why so many entries in fstab, but will keep my curiosity for myself.


Can I install Ubuntu/Debian in USB and use it in both PC and Mac?

Yes, you can use the same. Both computers will be using the amd64 architecture.

I just tested with a Debian install image, it boots perfectly. Go ahead and test it with a live Ubuntu/Debian, that will also let you see how compatible the rest of the hardware is.

When you start the Mac, you can keep Alt pressed until the EFI boot selection appears and then choose the disk. I have rEfit, but I don't think you need it.

Then, after boot, the X server will pick up the right driver (if it is supported), the kernel the right modules, etc.

There might some more work to do, like making sure that the network interfaces in both computers work, etc. Or the resolution on both screens is good. But there should be no problem booting the same drive from both.


awesomeWM vicious volume progress widgit

I cannot check it myself at the moment, but if you look here in the awesome wiki you can see that you use the syntax for awesome 3.5 instead of 3.4 at the batwidget:setcolor line.

Also,

batwidget.set_height(10)
batwidget.set_width(8)
batwidget.set_vertical(true)`

should be

batwidget:set_height(10)
batwidget:set_width(8)
batwidget:set_vertical(true)


How can I resize a partition without moving it using partition manager (gparted doesn't work with KDE)?

KDE has QtParted (mind q instead of g and the extra t).

Mind you: GParted also works in KDE.

I myself made a GParted live DVD that I carry around. That might be an easier option.


BIOS
HP ProBook 450 G3
You currently have BIOS "N78 Ver. 01.45". A newer BIOS "1.51" can be downloaded from here.
Note: Confirm that I have the correct web page for your model #.
Note: Have good backups before updating the BIOS.
Note: This may, or may not, solve your halting problem. Try it and report back.
Wayland
Temporarily try this...
At the login screen, select your username, then click on the cogwheel icon, and select "Ubuntu under Wayland", then enter your password to continue logging in. Try running with Wayland and report back.
memtest
Go to https://www.memtest86.com/ and download/run their free memtest to test your memory. Get at least one complete pass of all the 4/4 tests to confirm good memory. This may take many hours to complete.
Touchpad
If you're not scared to open the laptop, and have a little technical skill, then do this... or use a service technician... find the ribbon cable that connects the trackpad to the motherboard. CAREFULLY unlock the cable latch on the motherboard and re-seat the ribbon cable. Some cable latches flip up, and some slide open. Be forewarned, if you break this latch, your laptop will require service. Report back.


How to set up PHP with Nginx, APC and PostgreSQL?

Starting from Ubuntu 10.10 this is trivial with the new php5-fpm package

The following packages do everything you need

nginx - the webserver
php5-fpm - Fast-CGI php server
php-apc - The APC package for php
php5-pgsql - PostgreSQL module for PHP
postgresql - The PostgreSQL database server

All together sudo apt-get install nginx php5-fpm php-apc php5-pgsql postgresql

Also I suggest to check whether apache2 is installed. If so, delete it with an sudo apt-get remove apache2 to avoid apache and nginx competing for port 80.

Note also that xdebug standard also wants to use port 9000, just like php5-fpm. So if you use xdebug, change that port for example to 9001

And as bonus an example nginx configuration (place it in /etc/nginx/sites-available and symlink it into /etc/nginx/sites-enabled)

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name site.com;
  access_log /data/log/www/site.com/access.log;
  error_log /data/log/www/site.com/error.log;

  root /data/www_data/site.com/public;
  index index.php;

  location = /favicon.ico {
    empty_gif;
    #return 204;
  }

  location ~ \.php$ {
    include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  }
}


Use this command:

echo 'https://vimeo.com/library/videos/angular-fire-theme/table-of-contents' | cut -d / -f6

This splits the URL (taken from standard input, hence the echo) by / and outputs the sixth field. (first field is "https:", second is "", third is "vimeo.com", etc). Note that this is dependent on the number of slashes before the format ("angular-fire-theme" in your example) not changing.

More ways to do it:

echo 'https://vimeo.com/library/videos/angular-fire-theme/table-of-contents' | sed 's_.*/\(.*\)/table-of-contents_\1_'

This finds the part of the URL immediately before "table-of-contents" and outputs it.

echo 'https://vimeo.com/library/videos/angular-fire-theme/table-of-contents' | sed 's_.*/videos/\(.*\)/.*_\1_'

This finds the part of the URL immediately after "videos" and outputs it.


juju bootstrap fails with connection refused errors

In my case I had wakeonlan as power mode and had to power-up my box to pxe mode after issuing the juju bootstrap command.
On bootstrap, Juju will acquire the node in Maas and deploy the OS based on the type Debian or Fast which you have configured for the node - this install time takes long and not within 10mins.
So you should update your environment.yaml file with an entry of
bootstrap-timeout: 1800 (or value greater than 600 which suits your system)


Optimus on W520 with external DP monitor: LVDS is disconnected so no laptop panel

Strangely for such old hardware, upgrading to kernel 4.8 makes quite a difference. This is with either 16.10 or the 4.8 kernel available in 16.04 (currently in proposed).

To boot with Optimus or the dedicated Nvidia hardware, all that is needed is one kernel boot parameter: nox2pic nox2apic
I am using 16.04.1 but with the 4.8 kernel from 16.04.2

It is not necessary to specify anything else. Neither is it necessary to manually provide brightness settings for the xorg.conf file. In fact, the old tweaks I found to add brightness handling to xorg.conf were causing the Intel card to disappear as a provider, which I discovered by adding back the contents of /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d in chunks to bisect the trouble.

So after that, booting with optimus, in Nvidia and with two external monitors now connects the two DP monitors and the internal screen (in other words, the Intel card and the Nvidia card now both show via xrandr --listproviders which is the critical result). However, while the cursor appears on the laptop screen, the background is black and no windows can be dragged there. So this is partial success

Update: This last problem (black background, no windows draggable) was Unity. Installing XFCE and using an XFCE session works: all three monitors are good. I still use lightdm. Gnome works too although I don't use it.

So this is good enough for me.  have all three monitors arranged left to right horizontally.


Installed 12.04, have no user interface, only the wallpaper backcground

As mentioned by Fossfreedom,
your question is similar to this one.
And its answer may be the answer you are expecting.

To confirm that the reason of the problem is the Unity installation,
before trying the solution of the similar question, you can try opening your session without Unity => with a GNOME Classic (no effect):

either when you chose your session

or if you are using an auto login:

ControlAltF1
login with your super user login
edit file /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf (I personally edit using vi)
and define greeter-session=gnome-fallback
sudo reboot


Skipping video and audio with PS3MediaServer

Transcoding High Definition video and sending it in a more compatible format means that its sent in a more uncompressed state this takes more bandwidth and often its too much bandwitdth for wifi to handle

Have you tried using a cable between your computer and ps3 to compared the results?


You mean share your laptop's internet on your Google Nexus 7? You'd have to have a wired connection on your laptop/desktop computer. Create an Ad-Hoc Wireless Network from your computer. WEP Security. Then manually enter the SSID and Password on your Nexus device.

Breakdown

Create Ad-Hoc Wrieless Network (set up SSID, WEP Key)
Take Nexus Device and manually connect to the network you just created


I can't uninstall 6 apps, but I have never seen them before

All of these apps were installed by the same package (alsa-tools-gui). The locations of their executable files are /usr/bin/echomixer, /usr/bin/envy24control, /usr/bin/hdajackretask, /usr/bin/hdspconf and /usr/bin/hdspmixer. Running apt policy alsa-tools-gui will tell you if
alsa-tools-gui is installed, which I expect it to be because echomixer, envy24control, hdajackretask, hdspconf and hdspmixer are unique to the alsa-tools-gui package in the default Ubuntu 20.04 repositories.
To uninstall alsa-tools-gui open the terminal and type:
sudo apt remove alsa-tools-gui


What is my interface name for MAC address?

This command
$ ip link show

will show all your network devices, with their names and MAC addresses (if they have one).


Update software in the software center (Shotwell and Digikam)

The version that is displayed in the software centre is the most recent version available in the Ubuntu repositories. There are often more up to date versions available directly from the developer, but in order to install these you must install via PPA. See this guide to learn how to do this.

The PPA for Shotwell is ppa:yorba/ppa

The PPA for Digikam is ppa:msylwester/digikam


In the past, I used a UEFI shell to remove a boot option (in my case though, it was to remove the pesky Windows bootmgr), but it should be the same process.

I usually use the Arch Linux installation medium to obtain a UEFI shell (I would use v2 so that you can use bcfg): https://www.archlinux.org/download/. Just boot into that disc and select the UEFI shell v2.

Then you would run the following commands:

Shell> bcfg boot dump -v
Shell> bcfg boot rm <number of the one you want to remove>

For more information on bcfg, the Arch Wiki has some: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface#bcfg

Hope this helps.

EDIT: Since the Arch Linux iso does not work, here are some steps to do it with a plain ol' USB stick.

Since the shell in its current form is the issue (needs to be recompiled), I have recompiled it for you and you can download it here: http://downloads.markzz.com/shellx64_v2.efi
Format a USB stick to FAT32 and make sure it has no files in it.
Create the directory boot/efi on the usb stick.
Move the shellx64_v2.efi file to the efi folder you created on the USB stick and rename it to shellx64.efi.
Reboot the system and it should be in your boot options just like if you were booting an install disc.


Can't apt-get update, and unmet dependencies libjpeg8, and System error with ubuntu desktop

I ran into a similar situation. The libjpeg8 package from the Ubuntu repositories is clashing with a package with the same name from the Debian repositories. Here's the output from apt-cache which shows the clashing packages:

apt-cache show libjpeg8
Package: libjpeg8
Version: 8d-1+deb7u1
Installed-Size: 287
Maintainer: Bill Allombert <ballombe@debian.org>
Architecture: amd64
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.7)
Pre-Depends: multiarch-support
Description-en: Independent JPEG Group's JPEG runtime library
 The Independent JPEG Group's JPEG library is a library for handling
 JPEG files.
 .
 This package contains the shared library.
Description-md5: 4ca10faa4517c5d362c9d51d75d7a85c
Multi-Arch: same
Tag: implemented-in::c, role::shared-lib
Section: libs
Priority: optional
Filename: pool/main/libj/libjpeg8/libjpeg8_8d-1+deb7u1_amd64.deb
Size: 137708
MD5sum: 93e9da26d8ebe1a6c09e15b4276ccce7
SHA1: aff2208366f95d286da91b81d27d65e834d0d692
SHA256: 70dee072e3d06d9977fc1c495d4336991e16a91d43ce9678f4f24ae719b780c5

Package: libjpeg8
Priority: optional
Section: libs
Installed-Size: 26
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Architecture: amd64
Source: libjpeg8-empty
Version: 8c-2ubuntu8
Depends: libjpeg-turbo8 (>= 1.1.90+svn722-1ubuntu6)
Filename: pool/main/libj/libjpeg8-empty/libjpeg8_8c-2ubuntu8_amd64.deb
Size: 2194
MD5sum: e0f16286dd787b951ffa953987fdf6a7
SHA1: 50f0a11ba80717e17b8485567ee1be76b744ce8f
SHA256: baaecbc8e7ef55fc1887365721a7771f7d533fabca38fca878668b9c8f7ee13f
Description-en: Independent JPEG Group's JPEG runtime library (dependency package)
 libjpeg8 dependency package, depending on libjpeg-turbo8.
Description-md5: c291a11286499ba1bdfddf14d8af677b
Multi-Arch: same
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Origin: Ubuntu
Supported: 5y
Task: virt-host, ubuntu-desktop, ubuntu-usb, print-server, tomcat-server, kubuntu-desktop, edubuntu-desktop, edubuntu-usb, xubuntu-core, xubuntu-desktop, mythbuntu-frontend, mythbuntu-desktop, mythbuntu-backend-slave, mythbuntu-backend-master, lubuntu-core, ubuntustudio-desktop-core, ubuntustudio-desktop, ubuntu-gnome-desktop, ubuntu-sdk-libs, ubuntu-touch, ubuntukylin-desktop, ubuntu-mate-core, ubuntu-mate-desktop, ubuntu-mate-cloudtop

Check your Apt sources file and if you see a Debian repository mentioned there, comment it out and try updating again.

Open up a terminal and run the following commands:

# Create a backup of the original file
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bu
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Look for the following line:

deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main

Comment it out by adding a hash (#) in the beginning so that it becomes:

# deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main

Save the file by pressing CTRL-O and then exit by pressing CTRL+X.

Run the update/upgrade process again:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade


Rsync with special character files not working between Mac and Linux

The solution was embarrassingly simple: Much due to a comment I read when researching the problem, I thought you were supposed to specify the character set in the order of transformation; but it seems as that is not the correct syntax. Rather, one should always use --iconv=utf-8-mac,utf-8 when initialising the rsync from the mac, and always use --iconv=utf-8,utf-8-mac when initialising the rsync from the linux machine, no matter if I want to sync files from the mac or linux machine.

Then it works like magic!

EDIT: Indeed, sometimes, checking the manual page closely is a good thing to do. Here it is, black on white:

--iconv=CONVERT_SPEC
              Rsync  can  convert  filenames between character sets using this
              option.  Using a CONVERT_SPEC of "." tells rsync to look up  the
              default  character-set via the locale setting.  Alternately, you
              can fully specify what conversion to do by giving a local and  a
              remote   charset   separated   by   a   comma   in   the   order
              --iconv=LOCAL,REMOTE, e.g.  --iconv=utf8,iso88591.   This  order
              ensures  that the option will stay the same whether you're push-
              ing  or  pulling  files.


How to install the latest Ubuntu Shell theme under Ubuntu with vanilla GNOME

You may load the default Ubuntu 17.10 shell theme from your home directory. To do that follow the steps below.

Create a directory, say MyTheme either in ~/.themes or in ~/.local/share/themes. (You may create ~/.themes or ~/.local/share/themes if they don't exist.)
Create another directory inside MyTheme called gnome-shell.
Create an empty document in this gnome-shell directory and name it gnome-shell.css.
Open this gnome-shell.css in a text editor and add the following line

@import url("/usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css");

Install and activate the User themes extension from here.
Install the indispensable  (GNOME) Tweaks (if not installed already) by running

sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Launch Tweaks, go to Appearance section and click on the drop-down box next to "Shell theme". MyTheme should appear in the drop-down list. Select it.


Touchpad not working DELL Inspiron 15-3567

I faced the exact same issue on my Dell Inspiron, Ubuntu 18.04. My current kernel version is 4.15.0-72-generic. I used Advanced Options for Ubuntu during boot and selected kernel version 4.15.0-58(generic).
The touch pad started working fine on doing that.

P.S.-I really have no idea why the touchpad works on -58 but not on -72.


Can I send email on the Internet using postfix on a localhost without real hostname?

Many ISPs block outgoing mail to prevent getting on a blacklist. Please contact your ISP to check if this is the case.

If this is the case, you could use your ISP's SMTP server as a smarthost.