SWAP partition on LVM encrypted installation not mounting

Thank you to @Palantir, the fix was running:
    sudo mkswap /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1

And commenting out the last line or deleting the last line of the /etc/fstab:

vmatir@vmatir-X200MA:~$ cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=264a8a19-71da-4f00-b3f9-f90bd565b531 /boot           ext2    defaults        0       2
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=D764-71B4  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults        0       1
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1 none            swap    sw              0       0
vmatir@vmatir-X200MA:~$

And now the swap partition mounts on boot:

vmatir@vmatir-X200MA:~$ free -m
             total       usado       libre     compart.    búffers     almac.
Mem:          1888       1619        268        201         57        781
-/+ buffers/cache:        780       1107
Intercambio:       1931          0       1931
vmatir@vmatir-X200MA:~$ lsblk
NAME                           MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda                              8:0    0 465,8G  0 disk
├─sda1                           8:1    0   512M  0 part  /boot/efi
├─sda2                           8:2    0   244M  0 part  /boot
└─sda3                           8:3    0   465G  0 part
  └─sda3_crypt (dm-0)          252:0    0   465G  0 crypt
    ├─ubuntu--vg-root (dm-1)   252:1    0 463,1G  0 lvm   /
    └─ubuntu--vg-swap_1 (dm-2) 252:2    0   1,9G  0 lvm   [SWAP]
vmatir@vmatir-X200MA:~$


Guidance Needed-Command line in terminal to install Gimp 2.10.6 from flatpakref

You install the flatpak Gimp using flatpak itself, not Apt. As far as I can tell:

Install flatpak:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexlarsson/flatpak
sudo apt update
sudo apt install flatpak

Add the flatpak repo (could already be set):

flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

Install Gimp:

flatpak install flathub org.gimp.GIMP

Run Gimp:

flatpak run org.gimp.GIMP

(from the current Howtos, but installing flatpak Gimp on my 16.04 was a no-brainer)

You will also update Gimp the same way, possibly with just a:

flatpak update


How do I correct this error with debootstrap in Ubuntu Server 12.04.3?

Try

apt-get install dialog

Found it here after having the same problem. (I did debootstrap wheezy --variant=minbase)

Alternatively, you can use

export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive

before running apt-get. This will fallback to a pure text console interface which also works in scripts or Dockerfiles.


I dual boot Win10 and Ubuntu 17 and now both do not work I can NOT use the computer now

The Ubuntu black screen may by due to display driver errors. The Ubuntu installer's startup portion is sometimes incompatible with certain graphics cards. Fixing it and getting to the Ubuntu Desktop to try or install it can often be surprisingly easy fix: the nomodeset parameter.

Immediately after the BIOS splash screen during boot, press and hold the SHIFT button. This will display you grub containing a list of kernels and recovery options

BIOS Splash Screen like this

Press e to edit the first kernel displayed

Find the line ending with quiet splash. Add your boot option before these key words - i.e. so the line looks like [...]nomodeset quiet splash
Press CTRL + X to boot

Something like this

Follow the steps in Coldfish's answer on how to fix the nomodeset boot option permanently so that you don't have to go through this manual procedure again.


Ubuntu installation not found by update-grub

If You need to get rid of disk 1 and its Grub so it really needs to work from disk 2, test this:

Disconnect Disk 1.

Start with a live-dvd/usb.

After the session load, open a terminal, Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

sudo -i
fdisk -l

Suppose that / (root) is /dev/sda1, continue running:

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
chroot /mnt
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda
grub-install --recheck /dev/sda
umount /mnt
reboot

That's all


Ubuntu 13.04 installed but always start only Windows 7

You should use boot-repair

1 boot live cd / usb

2 open a terminal and type

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install boot-repair boot-sav

2b Click the ubuntu icon (top left) and search boot then run the application called Boot-repair

3 follow all instructions and enter all commands when prompted

After this reboot an you will see the grub menu listing your operating systems.

Heres some documentation https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


GNOME 3 (using Gnome-shell) very slow at startup

A really easy way would be to open up Start-up Applications and put those commands into a new start-up application.

For example, in the command box you would put:

killall gnome-shell && nohup gnome-shell &

Add it and logout and login, or restart and test it.


Laptop Froze, Did a Hard Reboot and Lost Networking

(Don't have comment privileges, so I am writing in the answer section ...)

Could you specify what "update scripts" you ran? Was it just "apt-get update && apt-get upgrade && apt-get dist-upgrade" as root? Or was it something else?

Your iwconfig output does not show a WLAN interface! Eth0 should be the ethernet interface. LO0 is the loopback interface. You should have wlan0, assuming you had wlan0 earlier.

Only things I can think of:
1. Your WLAN card's drivers got messed up during the update.
2. Your WLAN card died.
3. Somebody's messing with you. :)

Plz check all those possibilities and let us know.


Compressing big files into several files ubuntu

You can use bzip2 and bunzip2 are file compression and decompression utilities.

  The bzip2 and bunzip2 utilities are newer than gzip and gunzip and are
  not as common yet, but they are rapidly gaining popularity. The bzip2
  utility is capable of greater compression ratios than gzip. Therefore,
  a bzip2 file can be 10-20% smaller than a gzip version of the same
  file. Usually,files that have been compressed by bzip2 will have a
  .bz2 extension.1

To install, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get install bzip2

For more info, and how to use, you can take a look here

Note: I don't think that it will limit the size, but the compression is excellent.

Now you can also use WinRAR.  WinRAR is a powerful archive manager. It can backup your data and reduce the size of email attachments, decompress RAR, ZIP and other files.

To download and install click here.  WinRAR will give you the option to create multivolume ZIP archives.

1Source:Debian Admin


Getting error sudo:source: command not found on Ubuntu

Start

sudo -i gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys D39DC0E3

Sample output

gpg: directory `/root/.gnupg' created
gpg: new configuration file `/root/.gnupg/gpg.conf' created
gpg: WARNING: options in `/root/.gnupg/gpg.conf' are not yet active during this run
gpg: keyring `/root/.gnupg/secring.gpg' created
gpg: keyring `/root/.gnupg/pubring.gpg' created
gpg: requesting key D39DC0E3 from hkp server keys.gnupg.net
gpg: /root/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
gpg: key D39DC0E3: public key "Michal Papis (RVM signing) <mpapis@gmail.com>" imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)

and NOT

sudo gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys D39DC0E3

Start

sudo -i sh -c "curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable"

Sample output

Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.26.11.tar.gz
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.26.11/1.26.11.tar.gz.asc
gpg: Signature made Mo 30 Mär 2015 23:52:13 CEST using RSA key ID BF04FF17
gpg: Good signature from "Michal Papis (RVM signing) <mpapis@gmail.com>"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: 409B 6B17 96C2 7546 2A17  0311 3804 BB82 D39D C0E3
     Subkey fingerprint: 62C9 E5F4 DA30 0D94 AC36  166B E206 C29F BF04 FF17
GPG verified '/usr/local/rvm/archives/rvm-1.26.11.tgz'
Creating group 'rvm'

Installing RVM to /usr/local/rvm/
Installation of RVM in /usr/local/rvm/ is almost complete:

  * First you need to add all users that will be using rvm to 'rvm' group,
    and logout - login again, anyone using rvm will be operating with `umask u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rx`.

  * To start using RVM you need to run `source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh`
    in all your open shell windows, in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.

# aboettger,
#
#   Thank you for using RVM!
#   We sincerely hope that RVM helps to make your life easier and more enjoyable!!!
#
# ~Wayne, Michal & team.

In case of problems: http://rvm.io/help and https://twitter.com/rvm_io

and NOT

sudo curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

Start

sudo bash -c "source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh"

and NOT

sudo source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh

Start

sudo -i rvm requirements

Sample output

Checking requirements for ubuntu.
Installing requirements for ubuntu.
Updating system.....................
Installing required packages: libreadline6-dev, libyaml-dev, libsqlite3-dev, libgdbm-dev, libncurses5-dev, bison, libffi-dev........
Requirements installation successful.

and NOT

sudo rvm requirements


Is there a way to tell Upstart to log service?

The console log stanza or no console stanza at all (because log is default) should cause a log file to be generated.

If this is how your script is and it's still not generating a log file, post the nomilkforme.conf file.

See this section of the cookbook for more info.


Ubuntu 15.10 x64, wine x32, pulseaudio - no sound

So I manage it by myself. Here solution:

Basic advice - if you can use latest version of wine.
No need in http://oldwiki.winehq.org/WineAndPulseaudio. Just use winetricks - configure - and select audio to alsa.
If you use PlayOnLinux or etc you can run winetricks for separate wineprefix with command from terminal:
WINEPREFIX=/home/link0802/.PlayOnLinux/wineprefix/RA3 winetricks
Where:
link0802 - your user.
RA3 - name of you wine drive/wineprefix
Once again select audio to alsa in winetricks
If audio still doesn't work try to uncomment/set default-fragment-size-msec = 5 in /etc/pulse/daemon.conf. Run pulseaudio -k to restart pulseaudio.
If problem is still here try to remove package alsa-oss. Restart pulseaudio and try again.

Additional:
Sometimes you will need to run apps from wine with command line argument(for example to force game use some audio/video engine). In playonlinux you can do it like this:

Open you wine drive/wineprefix settings in playonlinux. Settings - select drive your drive - Miscellaneous - open shell.
Paste command in terminal
POL_Shortcut "RA3.exe" "Red alert 3" "" "xres=1366 yres=768"
Where:
"RA3.exe" - exe to execute.
"Red alert 3" - title for shortcut (second "" is desc)
"xres=1366 yres=768" - command line arguments for exe (without "-")
If you use wine without additional software just type

wine myapp.exe -yourCMDargument


No it won't allow them to see any files on your computer, nor any activity that occurs through the non-school accounts.
Of course, if you mistakenly use the wrong account and put your nefarious and secretive activities into your school e-mail or school account, then they will certainly know. But that is YOU spilling the beans; not Ubuntu.


A few items are missing from my panel and I'm not sure how to get them back

Right click your panel and then click Add to Panel

Scroll down and select Indicator Applet Session and then click Add.

Now Me Menu and Log Out/Shutdown/Restart applet will be loaded.


Ubuntu server 14.04 crashing after while

you might login locally and check if server got networking working properly
you might check /var/log/syslog ( general messages about whats going on on a server )
you check logs of applications running on a server ( maybe one of those crash and causes some damages )


This is happen because probably you don't have read permissions in someone else's directory. If you don't have read permissions, you can't view/search/find any content. You can check this with the following command:
ls -l /home/username/directory

Also be sure that those files or directories for which you search are really files or directories (first character from 10 character string permission is - or d, not something else - l in your case which stands for symbolic links).

ls shows permissions as a 10 character string, for example -rw-r--r--. The characters can be interpreted as TUUUGGGOOO where:
T Type
UUU   Rights for the owner of the file
GGG   Rights for users in the group
OOO   Rights for others, not listed above

T is one of:
- file
d directory
c character device
b block device
l symbolic link

Source: Introduction to Unix file permissions
Also, when you use:

find -type d - you search only for directories.
find -type f - you search only for regular files.


Ubuntu Boot Problem (Shim UEFI Key Management)

Something's causing the Secure Boot checks to fail on your computer. In addition to the suggestions I made in my answer to the question to which you linked, you could try disabling Secure Boot entirely. How to do this varies from one computer to another, though. For several examples, see this page of mine.

Caution: There's a remote chance that the Secure Boot checks are failing because of malware installed in your computer's boot path. Disabling Secure Boot would enable the malware to take over the computer. As I say, this is a remote possibility -- most Secure Boot problems I've seen turn out to be caused by misconfiguration, innocent bugs, etc., not malware.


Karnaugh map software for Ubuntu that accepts formula

I googled "Karnaugh map tools" and found this website:

http://courseware.ee.calpoly.edu/~rsandige/KarnaughExplorer.html

It will run on Ubuntu of course, but it does require you to be online. Also it supports only up to 4 variables.

There's also this one that should run on Ubuntu, though I didn't really try it:

http://k-map.sourceforge.net/

You may have some luck looking in Google results.


Your question implies that a particular binary would be needed to be used, and that you as the user would be aware of that binary.  Typically, this would not be controlled by you.  If you are interested in development for UEFI and Linux, I suggest you look at participating in the the grub community: https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/grub-development.html

First, some background:

An overview of UEFI: https://wiki.osdev.org/UEFI

And Ubuntu as it pertains to UEFI: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

The second link describes how to install Ubuntu in UEFI mode.  The vast majority of people should read this second link, and follow standard practices for Ubuntu installation with UEFI.


Can't connect to network even when it is directly plugged in to the Ethernet port of motherboard

Check your cable.
Check that the lights on your network card indicates activity.
Check the output of ifconfig. Read the man pages.
Do further diagnostics with ethtool if necessary. Read the man pages.


How to change the priority of the process using command line

It does not require root permissions to lower the priority of any process that you own:

$ sleep 100 &
[1] 6965
$ renice 19 6965
6965 (process ID) old priority 0, new priority 19

Raising the priority does require root permission:

$ renice -19 6965
renice: failed to set priority for 6965 (process ID): Permission denied

$ sudo renice -19 6965
6965 (process ID) old priority 0, new priority -19

In sum, raising the priority requires root privilege: use sudo.


how to take input from php and execute it in a command-line program in terminal linux

Start by using shell_exec() http://php.net/manual/en/function.shell-exec.php and any of the other Program execution Functions. Have a good read through the comments also.

Using a bit of AJAX could emulate a basic terminal if you don't want to reload the page each time.

Should also be careful what commands can be sent since letting anyone run these commands is a big security risk.


How to install Ubuntu Budgie over Ubuntu 16.04 (that already has Unity)

Your steps will look like:

Upgrade to 18.04 LTS
Install Ubuntu Budgie Desktop package with

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-budgie-desktop

Then you can decide to remove or save Unity session from the system. The difference from clean installation of Budgie is that you will have 3 sessions in the system - Unity, GNOME and Budgie. Removing Unity-related packages is not too easy task.


Facing Problem with uploading a file in Github in Ubuntu Platform

As detailed by the command's output, you are trying to commit or push without having told the git tool on this computer what your details are; as such it refuses to operate.

You must run:

git config --global user.name "Salman Sourav"
git config --global user.email "your@email.addr"

Note that the email address could equally well be a URL or a string of characters - git does not care.

You must also ensure that you get a successful (empty, no errors) feedback from the commands. Amend question if you do not.


Which packages provide the pictured gnome-panel applets?

Most of the applets is provided by the packages gnome-panel and gnome-panel-data

apt-get source gnome-panel-data

The exception is applet 2.

Panel 1:

This is the Menu Bar (custom menu) - the code is in the folder gnome-panel-3.4.1/applets/wncklet

Source files: window-menu*

Panel 2:

This is provided by the package indicator-applet-complete

Panel 3:

This is the window list - the code is in the folder gnome-panel-3.4.1/applets/wncklet

Source files: window-list*

Panel 4:

This is the workspace switcher - the code is in the folder gnome-panel-3.4.1/applets/wncklet

Source files: workspace-switcher*


Assuming that this script doesn't need sudo privileges.

One way to autostart a script is use a Desktop Autostarting method.

In Ubuntu you can do it like this,

Create a file in .config/autostart from your home directory with an extension of .desktop

Say you created zookeeper.desktop then open and include this format.

For Zookeeper Entry

[Desktop Entry]

Type=Application

Name=Zookeeper

Exec=/usr/local/zookeeper-3.4.11/bin/zkServer.sh start

Then create a separate one for:

For Kafra Entry

[Desktop Entry]

Type=Application

Name=kafra

Exec=/usr/local/kafka_2.12-1.0.0/bin/kafka-server-start.sh -daemon /usr/local/kafka_2.12-1.0.0/config/server.properties

or just the script your made

For your Script Entry

[Desktop Entry]

Type=Application

Name=/name/of/your/script

Exec=/path/to/your/script

Then you can do it like this(sudo)

add the path of your script to /etc/rc.local(open and edit rc.local)

/path/to/your/script &

exit 0

if it doesn't exist but it your system have /etc/rc.d1 to 6
just simply add your script inside that folder and will be executed with sudo rights.


Overscan slider disabled in nvidia-settings after 10.04 LTS - 12.04 LTS upgrade

I also noticed the overscan adjustment setting was gone after upgrading to the new 304.43 driver (it was available in 295.40).  While you want to have none of your image cropped it is likely your TV that is cropping (and scaling) the image and your nvidia overscan compensation is scaling it again -- producing a poor quality image.  If you are sending a digital signal to your TV (eg one over HDMI, DVI-D, etc) and it is a standard resolution supported by your TV (eg 1080/60p, press 'info' on your TV) then there is no reason for the TV to crop or scale the image.  But for some reason many of the TV manufacturers crop 1-2% off of the margins of the digital image (this was good for analog as the image perimeter had a lot of noise).

A better solution is to go into the 'Picture' settings in your TV menu and find the setting to not crop the image.  This setting may be called 'dot by dot', '1:1 mapping', 'just scan', etc.  With my LG TV it is called 'just scan' and it is one of the 'aspect ratio' settings.  Now that my TV isn't cropping the picture the image looks perfect.  I don't need to make any changes (like to the overscan compensation) to the Nvidia driver setup and this method will give you a perfect (unscaled) picture.

Once you TV is not cropping the image if you still have a cropped image then you are not sending the right resolution image to the TV.  This would involve changing the output resolution to what the TV supports (eg 1920 x 1080, 1280 x 720, etc) in nvidia-settings.   If this doesn't work then you would have to create your own Xorg.conf file with a custom ModeLine supported by your TV (not easy; google it).


What is the best email client for Microsoft Exchange Server 2007?

A Quick Guide to Evolution Bug Hunting

Discover What Causes the Bug

Starting Evolution from your terminal with some special environment variables causes Evolution to display more information on what it is currently doing.

The following is a list of variables and what each one tells Evolution to do:

Mail
    CAMEL_DEBUG=all — for debugging email problems
    CAMEL_DEBUG=gpg — for debugging email problems with GPG encryption
Calendars
    CALDAV_DEBUG=all — for debugging problems with CalDav calendars
    WEBCAL_DEBUG=1 — for debugging problems with read-only Web calendars
    ALARMS_DEBUG=1 — for debugging problems with Calendar reminders/alarms
Address books
    WEBDAV_DEBUG=1 — for debugging problems with WEBDAV address books
    LDAP_DEBUG=1 — for LDAP addressbooks (but combined with running ${install_prefix}/libexec/e-addressbook-factory on a console instead of Evolution itself)
    GOOGLE_BACKEND_DEBUG=1 — for debugging problems with Google Contacts addressbooks (but combined with running ${install_prefix}/libexec/e-addressbook-factory on a console instead of Evolution itself)
Microsoft Exchange accounts
    Exchange MAPI account type
        MAPI_DEBUG=1 — used for basic debugging of Exchange MAPI support inside of the evolution-mapi package
        LIBMAPI_DEBUG=15 — also used for debugging Exchange MAPI support but way more powerful. Debugs the raw communication by passing the variable also to underlying libmapi and samba4 libraries
    Exchange EWS account type
        EWS_DEBUG=1 — used for debugging Exchange EWS support: Prints each request and response
        EWS_DEBUG=2 — Same as #1 plus all bodies
    Microsoft Exchange account type
        E2K_DEBUG=1 — used for debugging classical Exchange support: Print each request and response
        E2K_DEBUG=2 — Same as #1 plus all request and response headers
        E2K_DEBUG=3 — Same as #2 plus bodies (except text/html)
        E2K_DEBUG=4 — Same as #3 plus global catalog debug
        E2K_DEBUG=5 — Same as #4 plus text/html bodies too
Novell GroupWise accounts
    GROUPWISE_DEBUG=1 — used for debugging GroupWise support

It's easy to start Evolution with custom variables. One would simply run something like the following:

  CAMEL_DEBUG=all evolution >& evo.log

About Evolution and Microsoft Exchange Server

Choosing the right connector
Microsoft Exchange account settings


How can "git gui" open repository from parent directory?

Let me suppose you wrote script.sh

#!/bin/bash
git gui $1

Change it like

#!/bin/bash
cd $1 && git gui

Using && will prevent execution of git gui if something goes wrong.


Alsamixer finding "item" by command line?

How to change mixer controls is described in the amixer man page.

You can change a simple mixer control to a percentage value, or to a dB value:

amixer -c1 set 'Headphone',1 50%
amixer -c1 set 'Headphone',1 -20dB

You can append + or - for a relative change:

amixer -c1 set 'Headphone',1 10%+
amixer -c1 set 'Headphone',1 10dB-

For the switches below, you can use mute/unmute/toggle.


Installing Windows after Ubuntu (Grub lost)

Boot into Ubuntu using a live-usb (Select try Ubuntu when asked).

Open terminal and install 'boot-repair':

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

and choose the Recommended Repair.


Problem Notify Popup only display blue bar On Ubuntu 14.04

[SOLVED]

I thinks it's duplicate with : Notify-osd notifications appear unthemed in top-left corner

I remember that this problem began when I install i3 window manager. Unfortunately i3 automatic install it's own notification daemon, dunst that "conflic" with notify-osd. So, I just have to uninstall i3 and all fixed.

sudo apt-get purge i3 i3-wm i3lock i3status dunst
sudo apt-get autoremove
killall dunst


How to install g3log library in ubuntu 18.04 LTS?

things that are on github are not necessarily built into packages for your distribution and hosted on a PPA or better yet the official ubuntu repos.

sometimes that is true but it's an exception rather than the rule. github is not affiliated with ubuntu, all sorts of projects are hosted there and not even necessarily code.

you'll have to build g3log from source, sorry :/


What version was installed? x64 or i686? What's the difference exactly?

It is not the Virtual Box software that decides which kernel architecture to install - it is the Ubuntu architecture version we downloaded. There is a box "Choose your flavour" to change from 64-bit to 32-bit on the official download page.

To be able to install a 64-bit OS we have to tell Virtual Box to emulate a 64-bit capable machine (which would be possible even on a 32-bit host OS when the CPU supports this). Of course we would then be able to install 32-bit Ubuntu on that 64-bit virtual machine (like in real life, and that is what you probably did) but we would not be able to install 64-bit Ubuntu on a 32-bit virtual machine.


What package do I use to replace dkim-filter?

sudo apt-get install opendkim

opendkim is a fork from dkim-milter. Maybe that's what you meant by dkim-filter?


Attempted removal and reinstallation of LibreOffice failed

Download LibreOffice from the official website and install using sudo dpkg -i (the .deb file name)


Errors upgrading the linux kernel on Ubuntu 15.04

That is because the Broadcom Wifi driver failed to compile (it is not compatible yet with 4.x kernel).

Simply install bcmwl-kernel-source (Mirror)  deb package from the Wily repository, reboot and you are good to go.

Some error report will prompt after a reboot. Ignore them and they won't come back.


There are command line tools for calculating ReplayGain values and adding ReplayGain tags. To install the tools for mp3, ogg and FLAC do the following:

sudo apt-get install mp3gain vorbisgain flac

Then to add ReplayGain tags to an album that consists of all files in a directory do the following for mp3:

mp3gain -a *.mp3

For the same task when the album is in ogg vorbis do the following:

vorbisgain -a *.ogg

For the same task when the album is in FLAC files do the following:

metaflac --add-replay-gain *.flac

If you want to add ReplayGain tags to files that are not albums instead use the -r option for mp3gain and vorbisgain (there is no corresponding option for metaflac):

mp3gain -r *.mp3
vorbisgain -r *.ogg

All tools can also be used to remove ReplayGain tags.

As always, make sure you have backups before proceed with any file modification. I have never had problems with these tools but I cannot guarantee they are failsafe (also, your computer could crash or you might have a power outage halfway through the process).


How to change keyboard shortcut of "Show location of pointer"?

Unfortunately, you'll have to compile your own version of the Gnome settings deamon to accomplish this: the key value is hard-coded in gsd-locate-pointer.c.

Alternatively, you could map an unused key or key combination to xdotool key 'Control_R'.


Set bit depth in FFmpeg encoding for HEVC?

If you have an appropriately configured modern version of FFmpeg and x265, (the repository FFmpeg under Zesty Zapus 17.04 falls into this category), you should find encoding with 8, 10 and 12bit fairly straightforward.

I illustrate a sample command line for each below:

1. 8bit HEVC encoding with FFmpeg...

Check the capability of your installed version of x265 for 8bit encoding as follows:

andrew@illium~$ x265 -V
x265 [info]: HEVC encoder version 2.4
x265 [info]: build info [Linux][GCC 7.1.0][64 bit] 8bit+10bit+12bit
x265 [info]: using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX XOP FMA4 FMA3 LZCNT BMI1
andrew@illium~$

Here you will see that my own copy has capabilities for 8|10|12 bit encoding. An installation of FFmpeg compiled against this version of x265 can produce a decent 8bit encode with the following command:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 \
       -c:v libx265 -preset medium -crf 28 -pix_fmt yuv420p \
       -c:a aac -b:a 128k \
       output_8bit.mp4

You can of course vary any of these settings to suit your specific needs...

2. 10bit HEVC encoding with FFmpeg...

Check the capability of your installed version of x265 for 10bit encoding as follows:

andrew@illium~$ x265 -V -D10
x265 [info]: HEVC encoder version 2.4
x265 [info]: build info [Linux][GCC 7.1.0][64 bit] 10bit
x265 [info]: using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX XOP FMA4 FMA3 LZCNT BMI1
andrew@illium~$

Here you will see that my own copy has capabilities for 10 bit encoding. An installation of FFmpeg compiled against this version of x265 can produce a decent 10bit encode with the following command:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 \
       -c:v libx265 -preset medium -crf 28 -pix_fmt yuv420p10le \
       -c:a aac -b:a 128k \
       output_10bit.mp4

And this should see you through...

3. 12bit HEVC encoding with FFmpeg...

Check the capability of your installed version of x265 for 12bit encoding as follows:

andrew@illium~$ x265 -V -D12
x265 [info]: HEVC encoder version 2.4
x265 [info]: build info [Linux][GCC 7.1.0][64 bit] 12bit
x265 [info]: using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX XOP FMA4 FMA3 LZCNT BMI1
andrew@illium~$

Here you will see that my own copy has capabilities for 12bit encoding. An installation of FFmpeg compiled against this version of x265 can produce a decent 12bit encode with the following command:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 \
       -c:v libx265 -preset medium -crf 28 -pix_fmt yuv420p12le  \
       -c:a aac -b:a 128k \
       output_12bit.mp4

Once again experimentation with some of the ancillary parameters should give you exactly the results you are after...

Notes:

If you are unsure of which pixel formats (for the vital -pix_fmt FFmpeg setting) are supported by your copy of FFmpeg and libx265 the following command will show the details:

 ffmpeg -h encoder=libx265 2>/dev/null | grep pixel

FFmpeg and H.265 Encoding Guide: Base information on HEVC encoding with FFmpeg, nothing on 8|10|12 bit encoding though...
Zesty Zapus (17.04) has a slightly older but fully configured x265:

  andrew@ilium:~$ x265 -V
  x265 [info]: HEVC encoder version 2.3
  x265 [info]: build info [Linux][GCC 6.3.0][64 bit] 8bit+10bit+12bit
  x265 [info]: using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX LZCNT
  andrew@ilium:~$

and thus can encode to all 3 possible bit depths...


GnomeMplayer accents displayed as "?", how i fix it?

Solved.

I only  edit the "config" file in .mplayer folder in my home. I only put this: subcp = iso8859-1 , and al ok now. Thanks for all.


Find where the files associated with that program are with:

whereis wapiti

Then remove it with:

sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/wapiti


After scrolling on web and coming back to vscode screen jumps

Copying my answer from https://askubuntu.com/a/1306783/736431
If you are not too attached to GNOME, switching to Unity solves the scroll issue on the mouse & trackpad:
sudo apt install ubuntu-unity-desktop

Source: How to Switch from GNOME to Unity in Ubuntu 18.04 and 17.10

To restore the natural scrolling and other trackpad features, also install synaptics drivers:
sudo apt install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics


I'm looking for a software I can use to screen share a window with audio

It depends on your exact use case: OBS and Teamviewer could be a good candidate.
OBS is a screen recording software, while Teamviewer is remote access and support application that supports audio throughput for the remote viewer.


Unity session broken after installing, uninstalling gnome-shell

Why you removed all?
Unity is build on the top gtk3 so it may depend some gnome components

try to reinstall unity


You can try my little python script at https://github.com/solsticedhiver/arteVIDEOS

It will give you the stream url given the language you have choosen and the quality.

It's http://frlive.artestras.cshls.lldns.net/artestras/frlive/frlive.m3u8 but beware that totem is not able to play it. Only sound. I have not look into this. A codec issue or the m3u8 thing...


How to solve "502 internal error - server connection terminated" error?

The mirror you are using seems to create the problem.Just changing the server should solve the problem.But if you want to hit two birds in a go, follow these steps.

Go to System settings > Software & updates(this can have a slightly different name) > Download from >other
Select Select Best server
Wait for the output and choose the server which suites you the best(generally the first one is best)

Alternately, you may just choose Main server, but note that it is very busy.


Screen not turning off after screen timeout in 20.04

Seems like a bug, as reported here (https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-screensaver/+bug/996770). It might be worth to reopen and provide additional information. But is also seems like a low priority bug. Just an aesthetic issue. Are you able to log back in and use your computer without problems after this happens?


Seems like you have several problems here, the first one is not important although you have unnecessary packages, I'd rather recommend to run apt-get autoremove

Then, follow this steps:

First at all I don't know why you have a MySQL 10 (Does it exists?), however it gives you a recommendation remove the file /var/lib/mysql/debian-*.flag so you can run rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/debian-*.flag and try to reinstall MySQL with apt-get install mysql-server-5.7

If this work, I'd rather recommend to run apt-get -f install...

If step 1 doesn't work run this. BE CAREFUL

I'd rather recommend to uninstall all MySQL packages, but BE CAREFUL, first of all you must backup your database directory (usually it is located in /var/lib/mysql), also backup /etc/mysql/my.cnf file, check that MySQL server is not running and move all content of your database directory to a new directory... The run dpkg -l | grep -i mysql and uninstall all MySQL server packages with apt-get remove --purge YOUR_MYSQL_PACKAGES.
Reinstall MySQL running apt-get install mysql-server-5.7, stop MySQL instance with service mysql stop and replace /var/lib/mysql directory with your previouslly taken backup, besides replace /etc/mysql/my.cnf with your previous configuration saved in step2... Then start MySQL service mysql start and check MySQL server starts correctly.

Please be careful, if you don't know what are steps 2 and 3 for don't run them, you can lose all your database.


How to change screen output to HDMI, when laptop screen is broken?

In general laptops and netbooks allow to redirect the output with a key combination. For example on my laptop it's Fn+F5

Look for a key (usually F1 ... F12) with a screen icon. When pressing the special key Fn and that key, you redirect the output manually. So run your Live CD and press such a key combination few times - until you see the desired image on your monitor. After pressing each time wait a moment for the video card to redirect the output.

If your Fn key doesn't work please refer to your PC's user manual. On my second laptop I can disable/enable those keys with a key combination. Sometimes special keys need some kind of drivers to work.


How do we prevent users from changing the Proxy Setting?

set iptables on each PC and block access to any proxy (ports 3128, 8080) but your's. Or even better, use ACL in your own proxy which will deny access to any port except 'safe' ones.


You can download daily build on cdimage.ubuntu.com. This build should contain latest packages available in repositories - therefore it might help you to solve your problem.


Grub2 (Efi) boot via PXE - load config file automatically

Grub looks for a config file /grub/grub.cfg or /grub/x86_64-efi/grub.cfg (or similar).
NB: It is a path from the TFTP server root. That means even if you run your Grub binary from a path like $tftproot/path/to/grubnetx64.efi, don't try to put the direcotry grub/ to the same directory, but really to your TFTP root: $tftproot/grub/
How to find out
In the Grub console:
grub> cat (memdisk)/grub.cfg
if [ -e $prefix/x86_64-efi/grub.cfg ]; then
    source Sprefix/x86_64-efi/grub.cfg
else
    source Sprefix/grub.cfg
fi

And the important part, what the $prefix is:
grub> echo $prefix
(tftp,x.x.x.x)/grub


Hope you know the WEP passphrase for connecting to your wireless.
Then follow:
1.Can you please delete your WEP connection from the nm-connection-editor?

Click on wireless
Select your wifi connection name
Click on Delete.

2.Once deleted just try searching for your wireless from the networks listed.
3.Connect to that, which will ask you to enter passphrase.

Hope that will solve the issue.


How do I look at my main drive when I have Ubuntu running on a secondary HDD?

Try the below commands to mount /dev/sda5 partition.

sudo mkdir /media/gallery
sudo mount -t ntfs-3g -o ro /dev/sda5 /media/gallery

After running the above commands, go into /media/gallery directory via nautilus. There you can find the files of your /dev/sda5 partition.


Your problem seems to be very specific to this game. Always consult Wine's application database in https://appdb.winehq.org/ before installing any new programs through Wine. If there are problems, AppDB will probably have a workaround.


please give some more details. Which is your Ubuntu version? Which MySQL version do you want to install?

First advice: Do not install from the Ubuntu repos but download the latest MySQL version from dev.mysql.com. Choose the Generic Linux tarball for your OS platform (not the DEBs) and follow the step by step instructions on http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/binary-installation.html. Prior to the installation purge all parts of the package that might hang around.

Do not forget to provide a my.cnf configuration file in either /etc or /etc/mysql. In most cases the my-medium.cnf from the support-files directory is a good starting point.

If you have more questions feel free to come back.


This time don't select any pre-configured option.

Boot Lubuntu.
Select "Something Else".
Select the partition with ext4.
Format it.
Create a new ext4 partition and select the boot order as /
Now, selecting this partiton, just click next.

Hope this works for you.


I wasn't able to access remote server using SSH!

Try to use ubuntu as your login, instead ec2-user.


Ubuntu mate 16.04 matlab installation permission denied

Follow the instructions as per this link

You have to perform sudo ./install

The above problem is due to need in administrator rights to install the software. sudo command would provide you the administrator rights to proceed with the installation.


what command to use to start chrome with extensions on?

i don't know which version of chrome you are using so ,
the terminal command is

--enable-apps

or

--enable-extension-apps

use it the same way you use the other commands to start chrome.


ubuntu 16.04 static IP (Please help me urgently)

NOTE:  This is only for the computer settings.  Your router settings would be off topic here.

Here are what your numbers mean:

IP Address: 59.1.61.124
Netmask: 255.255.255.128
Gateway: 59.1.61.1
DNS1: 128.126.63.1
DNS2: 128.126.63.2

You set those in Settings > Network Connections > Wired Connection 1 under IPv4 Settings as Manual.

This is what the settings would look like:


Make sure that you have a good backup of your important files, as this procedure can corrupt or lose data.

The NTFS part...

I'm not a Windows guy per se, so I don't know if the Windows Disk Management app can move disk partitions, but if it can, use it to move /dev/sdb7 and /dev/sdb8 partitions all the way left.

The Ubuntu part...

Keep these things in mind:

always start the entire procedure with issuing a swapoff on any mounted swap partitions, and end the entire procedure with issuing a swapon on that same swap partition
a move is done by pointing the mouse pointer at the center of a partition and dragging it left/right with the hand cursor
a resize is done by dragging the left/right side of a partition to the left/right with the directional arrow cursor
if any partition can't be moved/resized graphically, you may have to manually enter the specific required numeric data (don't do this unless I instruct you to)
you begin any move/resize by right-clicking on the partition in the lower pane of the main window, and selecting the desired action from the popup menu, then finishing that action in the new move/resize window

Note: I'll write this portion as if you couldn't move /dev/sdb7 and /dev/sdb8 using Windows Disk Management app.

Note: if the procedure doesn't work exactly as I outline, STOP immediately and DO NOT continue.

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start gparted
move /dev/sdb7 partition all the way left
move /dev/sdb8 partition all the way left
move /dev/sdb9, /dev/sdb10, and /dev/sdb11 partitions all the way left
resize the right side of /dev/sdb11 all the way right
click the Apply icon
quit gparted
reboot

If you have any Ubuntu boot issues, contact me and I'll give you a fix


Actually any mouse with extra buttons are by default mapped to IE Backwards and IE Forwards. Probably the solution is a "driver" or additional software, that is used to remap the buttons. I have a Trust GXT 158 and the buttons by default came to the page back and forward, but I have a software to remap them. If the mouse comes with on-board memory then the remapped buttons should stay for as long as you will change then again, but if before you used some kind of daemon then you have to also install it in Linux or ask someone better than me at python to make you a script that sees the IE Forwards and sends the volume up/down and vise versa.


Make sure you are actually using bash. A common gotcha is creating a new user with useradd instead of adduser or the Users and groups (GUI) application. With the former, the default shell set is /bin/sh. Run
chsh (change shell) to make sure it's set to /bin/bash.


2 icons for keyboard switch on gnome panel in Gnome Shell 3

bug on launchpad

Michael Milligan (milli) instructions how to apply the patch for gnome-settings-daemon

apt-get source gnome-settings-daemon
sudo apt-get build-dep gnome-settings-daemon
sudo apt-get install devscripts build-essential fakeroot patch    patchutils
cd gnome-settings-daemon-3.2.1
wget https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-settings-daemon/+bug/805747/+attachment/2544403/+files/0001-change.patch
patch -p1 < 0001-change.patch
debuild -uc -us -b
cd ..
sudo dpkg -i gnome-settings-daemon_3.2.1-*
sudo killall gnome-settings-daemon

gsd-keyboard-kbd applet should be GONE.


Try to invoke (run console by hitting shortcut Ctrl+Alt+t)

export QT_SCALE_FACTOR=2

or

export QT_AUTO_SCREEN_SCALE_FACTOR=2

command before starting your application.

For me it works for some applications like Viber.


How do I install an SSL certificate in order to serve a local web application?

This will do the trick:
How do I install a root certificate?

Also these explanations are about a self-signing certificate and not about a CA (certificate Authority)on a server Apache!

To install openssl:

apt-get install openssl

To generate the private key:

openssl genrsa -aes256 -out certificat.key 4096

We rename the key :

mv certificat.key certificat.key.lock

Then generate our unlocked certificate:

openssl rsa -in certificat.key.lock -out certificat.key

Private key unlocked : certificat.key

Locked private key : certificat.key.lock

Generation of the signature request file:

openssl req -new -key certificat.key.lock -out certificat.csr

To auto-sign your certificate:

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in certificat.csr -signkey certificat.key.lock -out certificat.crt

With Apache:

a2enmod ssl

/etc/apache2/site-availables/tuto.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName      tuto.myaddrsite.com
    # Redirect HTTP port to HTTPS port
    Redirect        / https://www.myaddrsite.com
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName      tuto.myaddrsite.com
    DocumentRoot    /var/www/tuto

    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile    /etc/ssl/www/certificat.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/www/certificat.key
    SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3
    SSLHonorCipherOrder on
    SSLCipherSuite ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES
</VirtualHost>

To activate vHost :

a2ensite tuto.conf

service apache2 restart

After that, I don't know how to proceed with Angular.
My description is for Apache, but you always could find some interesting descritption by simple search on your browser. Or maybe somebody will coming to complete my description :)


When you install Apache, the mod rewrite is not enabled by default. You might need to enable mod rewrite by typing the following command in terminal:

sudo a2enmod rewrite

For more information look into
https://www.techiediaries.com/wordpress-permalinks-not-working-404-error/.


How to run ''top'' command 1 time and exit?

The -n switch is what you search:

user@host:~$ top -n 1

See the manpage

   -n : Number of iterations limit as:  -n number
        Specifies the maximum number of iterations, or frames, top should produce before ending.

If you want to stop top command just press q.

Notice: If you tend to use top in a script, I need to say top is not meant for scripts, use ps instead.


Ubuntu server 18.04 command to delete contents of sub-folders ever 6 months

The functionality you seek is what logrotate actually does. Added benefit: files can be compressed too. Examples, more, and more. So opt for that one since it is the standard in Linux.

logrotate also understands the concept of months.

But if you want a command you can use

find /home/customer/main/ -mtime +183 -exec rm {} +

183 days is roughly 6 months (and on the safe side of 6 months) to keep it simple.
You can add it to cron and have it run twice a year. You could use this: 30 03 01 Jan,Jul * for the date arguments.


Keep losing WiFi connection: Realtek RTL8188CE

Try disabling IPv6 in network connections for your wifi. Hope this helps. Saw the same answer from other forums so don't have an explanation for this.


Combine multiple monitors into single desktop

I've found a working solution, at least for my purposes.

After hours of search through xorg.config tutorials for multi-screen set-ups, I decided to start from scratch with AMD's stock graphics software. These are the steps I took to get fullscreen apps working across 2 screens.

Clean install of Ubuntu 13.04
Update accordingly ( sudo apt-get update )
Switch off screen mirroring in system settings
Download appropriate Linux x86_64 driver package from AMD, using their search tool
Install the package, restart, and navigate to Catalyst Control Center (Admin mode)
Under Display Manager > Multi-display, select Multi-display desktop.
Arrange/rotate screens as appropriate in screen properties.
Restart and navigate back to AMD CCC (admin mode).
Now select Overlap Compensation with automatic settings in Display Manager > Display Edges
Once you've restarted again, you may find a long warning notice of unavailable monitor settings ("Could not apply the stored configuration for monitors"). Just delete the monitor config file ( sudo rm ~/.config/monitors.xml ) and restart.

Now launching fullscreen apps (such as Chrome's Kiosk mode etc) will go fullscreen across all monitors.


Connecting to a Windows SVN server from Ubuntu

You can install Subversion  via terminal Ctrl Alt T.:

sudo apt-get install subversion

Now you can checkout the repository (example).:

svn checkout http://localhost/svn/projekt1/trunk/ /home/user/projekt1

See: Subversion @ help.ubuntu.com and TortoiseSVN (Subversion Client)?


Try using this line in the terminal:
python /home/anacah/Desktop/python/egotrip.py

thereby providing the entire path for the file including the / at the beginning, and see what happens.  If it errors out, please edit your initial post with the section 'Additional Information' and paste the error message.


The icons are stored in /usr/share/icons.  You can edit these icons using GNOME icon editor.  But you can also download icon themes that you can install, and it will give a selection of different icons that you can use.

You can find these themes here


Allow Download From Shared Ubuntu Folder

I think (and I could be wrong as I still consider myself a newer Linux user) that if you want to allow the "Download" ability, you would need to use a service such as Filezilla or VSFTP.

Or, I just looked into this further, you can use wget on a windows machine by following this tutorial WGET Tutorial then you can use command prompt commands in windows to transfer over one file or the whole directory whichever you are after.  For a single file it would be something like this

wget http://XXX.XX.XX.XX:8000/funnypic.jpg

For an entire directory it would be something like this

wget -r --no-parent http://XXX.XX.XX.XX:800/


How do I disable the on/off button on my notebook?

Run the following commands in Terminal to disable the power button:

sudo sed -i 's/action=/#action=/g' /etc/acpi/events/powerbtn
sudo gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power button-power nothing

  Note: this will result in syslog logging the following message: skipping incomplete file /etc/acpi/events/powerbtn.

Reboot your computer, and try hitting the power button!

Voilà :)

Click here for a user's detailed analysis of the underlying mechanisms that are triggered when someone hits the power button.


pam_sss System error, how to find the problem?

Have a look into /var/log/sssd/gpo_child.log (eventually raise log level beforehand). After the upgrade to 16.04 mine contained errors not being able to create
/var/lib/sss/gpo_cache/example.com

mkdir -p /var/lib/sss/gpo_cache/example.com
chown -R sssd:sssd /var/lib/sss/gpo_cache

resolved those and I could su and login using an AD user again.


Noise problems when playing any sound (On laptops or when using any sound apps)

The problem can be from several factors which can be related to the Ubuntu system, hardware of the PC, cables used to connect to the sound (Headphone, Cable PC-to-TV, etc..) or the actual device that is connected to the PC (TV, Big Speakers, Home theater systems)

Here are the steps to check who has the fault. Let us start with Ubuntu (From the Inside to the Outside).

Open the terminal and type alsamixer:

Using the ARROWS lower the PCM Bar while listening to the buzzing sound. Start lowering the rest of the bars to see which one starts changing the buzzing sound. If you find that one of the bars starts lowering the buzzing sound you have found the problem. If not let's continue.
Buzz Test #1 - Leave the mouse still and wait for the buzz. When the buzz starts go to the sound options menu:

After opening the Sound Settings Window did the buzz stop?. If yes we have a clue how to stop it and we continue. If no we continue. Also check how many seconds passed after closing the Sound Setting Window did the buzzing start again.
Buzz Test #2 - Move the mouse around the screen. Does the buzz start sounding differently while moving the mouse?. Does it do the same with a Wireless mouse, usb mouse and the internal touchpad mouse?. If yes we have a clue to how to stop it and we continue. If no we continue.
Open a webpage or the terminal and start scrolling up or down with the arrow keys. Does the buzzing sound change?. If yes you have another clue. If not we keep going.
Do you hear the sound from the internal speakers or only when you connect a device that uses a cord/cable to plug in the PC (Headphone cable, PC-to-HomeTheater cable, PC-to-TV cable, Any cable actually)? If you do not hear it from the internal speakers and only from the cables you might be getting cable noise. This does not mean that cable noise is the only problem but it may add to the whole buzzing problem. Info for this hear: http://www.capgo.com/Resources/Measurement/Noise/Noise.html
Unplug the power cable. Do you hear the buzzing sound. Did it disappear completely?. If yes you have a clue. If not your Mr. Detective insides suck for a clue game. And we continue...

NOTE: If you DO NOT hear a buzzing sound after unplugging the power cable from the laptop then you have a grounding problem. Remember this:

This is the correct grounding socket:

This is the wrong ugly NOT grounding socket (more like sewer water socket):

So remember kids, connecting your PC to a NON-Grounding Socket is giving the PC Aids. Wear a condom, give it a GROUNDING SOCKET!... and plant a tree..for dogs.

MORE INFO - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power_plugs_and_sockets
Move the cable that is connected to the PC around. Does the buzzing sound change?. Roll the cable around your hand until you have it into circles. Does the buzzing sound change?. Remove any other cables around the sound cable you are using. what happens to the buzzing sound. Change the sound cable for another one. How is the buzzing sound?
Does the Home Theater, TV or Speakers you connect the laptop to make an unusual buzzing sound all by themselves (Without connecting them to the laptop at all). Get the volume to the max in the setting that is suppose to be for the computer. For example in a TV you would set the "Source" to PC. In a Home theater the have a button that sets the input sound to the PC or Aux. For the speakers you just need to have them unplugged from the PC and just put the volume to the max. Do any of this start making a buzzing sound, maybe lighter than the actual buzzing problem but still coming from this devices?. If yes you have yet another clue. If no we keep going.

With this tests you might have a inside as to where the problem might be. If you get more clues from when testing the software the problem might be old hardware, the cables inside the laptop that take care of sound, keys pressed and data in general or a driver issue. Basically you might have hardware problems, software problems or both.

If you get more clues from moving the mouse around the answer might be changing the cable.

If you get a clue from unplugging the power cable from the Laptop then your problem is grounding the laptop correctly. Yet other factors might also add to the buzzing effect.

If you get more clues from the actual device that outputs the sound (TV, Home theater, Speaker System) then that might be the problem.

For correct electrical grounding follow this tips:

Never use two wire "extension" cords.
Never use extension cords with non-polarized plugs or ones with broken off ground pins.
Never break off the ground pin on electric equipment.
If necessary, always use a suitable ground adapter... and if possible, ground that extra wire on the ground adapter.
If no ground exists... find one... but make sure it is ground.
Always check the integrity of a "strange" power plug with a ground monitor device... if it checks "bad" don't plug into it!!!
Always use a qualified electrician to do all your "wiring."

CONCLUSION - If in MOST cases you DO have a buzzing sound, this is because (most probably) electrical (not grounding the PC) problems. If it is not a grounding problem, at least with this tests you have a easier chance to finding out what it is since you just checked the whole system (and even the kitchen sink)


I have an external HDD (passport) which I comfortably use in my Windows 10 but I am not able to open it in my Linux system, Why?

Keep the file system healthy. Most likely, your USB drive has been formatted in the MS Windows file system, ntfs. Have the drive checked using the Windows drive checking tools. After that, Ubuntu will most likely readily mount it for you to use.

If you do not have a Windows system, and there is no reason for you to keep it in the ntfs format, then reformat it to the native linux file system ext4. If however you do not have Windows but need to keep it in the ntfs format (for example, I do not have MS Windows, but I need the drive formatted in ntfs for use on a smart TV), then you may still fix your file system in Ubuntu with the ntfsfix command.

To use the ntfsfix command, you must know the device name of your partition. You can find the device name as the first item in the row representing your partition in the output of lsblk -f. The option -f provides also information on the file system. This may make it easier to recognize your partition in the list. Precede the name with /dev/ to obtain the full device name. For example, if you recognize your ntfs partition is named as sdc1, then the full device name will be /dev/sdc1. You can then check and repair that drive with the command:

sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdc1

Note: The ntfs file system is proprietary to Microsoft. Whereas the ntfsfix tool can fix basic inconsistencies, only the MS Windows tools now the full ins and outs of the file system. By preference, check and repair an ntfs formatted partition in MS Windows.


If the application is a 32-bit version and not 64-bit, you have to install the 32-bit library version too.

Use the following command line (i.e. via gnome-terminal):

sudo apt-get install libidn11:i386


Your script fails when you are trying to

echo keep going don't stop always

The reason is told in the syntax error

Unterminated quoted string

Because you use ' in don't, Bash shell keeps looking for another ' that closes your sentence. As it is never found, syntax error is printed.

In this case, you need to use double quotes (" ") like this

echo "keep going don't stop always"

It is recommended to use quotes when printing out something in general. In double quotes you can use ' and in single ones " if needed.


"Error getting file: -6: Not Supported" error copying from MTP device

The following steps works for me.

open the nautilus and browse your android filesystem
press Ctrl+L to see the address in nautilus. The address should looks like:
gphoto2://[usb:002,007]/
Change gphoto2 to mtp in the address. The press Enter.
Wait until storage drive show
Browse to the folder containing the files you want copy and copy them to you PC.


Ubuntu 12.10 "Turn screen off when inactive for: Never" still turns off

There are multiple different layers, that influence the behavior of the monitor. To completely disable any suspension of the monitor you need to disable it in every of those layers:

1. layer: virtual consoles

Sets  the  interval  of  inactivity, in minutes, after which the screen will be automatically blanked:

setterm -blank 0

Sets  the  VESA powerdown interval in minutes:

setterm -powerdown 0

2. layer: X

Turn the screen saver function off. The s option lets you set the screen saver parameters.

xset s off

Disable DPMS if enabled:

xset -dpms

To find out which values are set type xset -q in a terminal. A part of the output should look like this:

Screen Saver:
  prefer blanking:  yes    allow exposures:  yes
  timeout:  0    cycle:  0

and this:

DPMS (Energy Star):
  Standby: 0    Suspend: 0    Off: 0
  DPMS is Disabled

3. layer: Last but not least; the application layer (XScreenSaver)

xscreensaver-demo

Choose Disable Screen Saver:

And deactivate screensaver in System Settings -> Brightness & Lock (depends on your desktop environment):

Turn screen of when inactive for: Never


Making 1080p webcam running at 60 fps using UVC 1.5

The problem is solved (at least in my case).
First of all, I would appreciate Laurent Pinchart for all clues he sent me and his great work on uvcvideo kernel module (he's the author).
Based on his advice, I bought Logitech Brio Stream (Brio 4K Stream Edition, PN:960-001194, vId:pId = 046d:086b), which is a bit older than Stream Cam aforementioned in Logitech Streamcam not offering all modes on Manjaro, so I thought it maybe be less problematic.
And what? Brio support all advertised resolutions and fps out of box 1080p @ 60fps or even 4K @ 30fps.
(In an earlier version of this answer I said that I had a problem after typing the command # lsusb -v -d 046d:086b, but today I wasn't able to reproduce this error. I was trying out it in many diffrent applications at the same time and perhaps something overlapped. So this Brio is in 100% fine.)
I'm able to use all settings in guvcview according to this:
# v4l2-ctl --list-devices

BRIO 4K Stream Edition (usb-0000:00:14.0-6.2):
    /dev/video0
    /dev/video1
    /dev/media0       # This entry was only visible under root.

# v4l2-ctl --list-formats-ext

ioctl: VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT
    Type: Video Capture

    [0]: 'YUYV' (YUYV 4:2:2)
        Size: Discrete 640x480
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 160x120
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 176x144
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 320x180
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 320x240
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 352x288
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 340x340
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 424x240
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 440x440
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 480x270
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 640x360
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 800x448
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 800x600
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 848x480
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 960x540
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 1024x576
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 1280x720
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 1600x896
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 1920x1080
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
    [1]: 'MJPG' (Motion-JPEG, compressed)
        Size: Discrete 640x480
            Interval: Discrete 0.008s (120.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.011s (90.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.017s (60.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 160x120
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 176x144
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 320x180
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 320x240
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 352x288
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 424x240
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 480x270
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 640x360
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 800x448
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 800x600
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 848x480
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 960x540
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 1024x576
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 1280x720
            Interval: Discrete 0.011s (90.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.017s (60.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 1600x896
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 1920x1080
            Interval: Discrete 0.017s (60.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 2560x1440
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 3840x2160
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 4096x2160
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
    [2]: 'NV12' (Y/CbCr 4:2:0)
        Size: Discrete 640x480
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 640x360
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 1280x720
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 1920x1080
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.042s (24.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.133s (7.500 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)

I hope this would help someone else.


FN key permanently activated although deactivated in the BIOS

I have managed to solve the problem. In Dell's boot options under 'POST Behaviour' --> 'Fn Lock Option' keep the check mark for 'Fn Lock' and below select 'Lock Mode Enable/Secondary'.

It seems wrong to select this because 'Lock Mode Enable/Secondary' is defined as:

  The F1-F12 keys control the secondary functions. Fn is required to
  access the standard functions.

However, exactly the opposite is the case when selecting this option. F1-F12 work as function keys and only when Fn is pressed the secondary functions, e.g. volume down/up, brightness down/up, are triggered.

I found this solution on http://vetruvet.blogspot.de.


I never can start any virtual machine in virtualbox! : Error “Kernel driver not installed (rc=-1908)”

Reinstall the virtualbox-dkms package by running the following commands
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential dkms
sudo apt-get remove --purge virtualbox-dkms
sudo apt-get install virtualbox-dkms


What partition type do I choose when I create partitions for Ubuntu and WIndows 7

Here are the settings you need:

You want the one for Ubuntu(the first, I presume) to be:

Use as: ext4 partition
Format: (check)
Mount point `/`

and the one to be used for Windows as blank space.  When you  install Windows, you can create a  new partiton in that free space and format it as NTFS or use the NTFS(quick) option of the Windows installer.

However, it is better to install Windows first, as it will overwrite the bootloader(GRUB) of Ubuntu. Even if you choose to install Ubuntu first, you can still recover GRUB, as per How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?).

I recommend either this answer or the accepted one, but the accepted one is a bit harder to carry out.


Why do I still have Keyboard - English (US) in my list, if I have removed it in the Text Entry Settings?

Most likely English (US) is set system wide via /etc/default/keyboard. You can edit that file.


Getting the message "[ 0.283078] Initramfs unpacking failed: Decoding failed" when booting ubuntu 20.04 then boots normal

From the comments...

set back compress=lz4 in /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf

rebuild your ramdisk with sudo update-initramfs -c -k $(uname -r)

reboot

Note: Use the sudo update-initramfs -c example, not sudo update-initramfs -u variation.


Can GRUB be scheduled? This means: changing default 'entry' (auto login) at defined periods of time automatically?

First, run grep -E '(menuentry |submenu )' /boot/grub/grub.cfg to get a list of your grub menu entries. You should see something like:

menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-7820cc72-dac4-447f-bba0-996ed1a12fa5' {
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-7820cc72-dac4-447f-bba0-996ed1a12fa5' {
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-28-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-28-generic-advanced-7820cc72-dac4-447f-bba0-996ed1a12fa5' {
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-28-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-28-generic-recovery-7820cc72-dac4-447f-bba0-996ed1a12fa5' {
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-25-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-25-generic-advanced-7820cc72-dac4-447f-bba0-996ed1a12fa5' {
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-25-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-25-generic-recovery-7820cc72-dac4-447f-bba0-996ed1a12fa5' {
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' {
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' {
menuentry 'Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-C84087BD4087B12C' {

Here you can see my first menu entry is Ubuntu, followed by a Advanced options for Ubuntu submenu (with four other entries), 2 memory tests and, at last, Windows 7.

If we create a file named /boot/grub/custom.cfg, it will be loaded after /boot/grub/grub.cfg, so we can easily change GRUB's default configuration.

I used GRUB's module datehook to get the current time.

/boot/grub/custom.cfg:

# This module creates special variables that return the current date/time
insmod datehook

# Add and extra 0 to minutes if it's less than 10 (force a 2-digit minute)
if [ $MINUTE -lt 10 ]; then PADDING="0"; else PADDING=""; fi
TIME=$HOUR$PADDING$MINUTE

# Boot "Ubuntu" from midnight to 5:59AM
if [ $TIME -ge 0 -a $TIME -lt 559 ]; then
    set default="Ubuntu"
fi

# Boot "Windows 7" from 6AM to 4:59PM
if [ $TIME -ge 600 -a $TIME -lt 1659 ]; then
    set default="Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)"
fi

# If you want to boot an entry that's inside a submenu,
# you have to prepend its name with the submenu position, starting from 0.
# Boot "Ubuntu, with kernel 3.16.0-25-generic" from 5PM to 11:59PM
if [ $TIME -ge 1700 -a $TIME -lt 2359 ]; then
    set default="1>Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-25-generic"
fi

The module datehook makes available the variables: DAY, HOUR, MINUTE, MONTH, SECOND, WEEKDAY and YEAR, which return the actual date/time values based on hardware clock.

Let's take if [ $TIME -ge 600 -a $TIME -lt 1659 ]; then as an example. It means: if the current time is greater than or equal to 6AM and less than 4:59PM (16:59) then execute the next command (set default="Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)"), which set the default variable with the Windows 7 menu entry name taken from that grep command above.

The last if block exemplifies the selection of a submenu entry. In that case "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-25-generic" lies inside a submenu that is the second entry in the main menu. As an entry position in a menu starts from 0, the menu entry named "Ubuntu" is 0 and the "Advanced options for Ubuntu" submenu is 1, that's why I had to add 1> before the entry name: set default="1>Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-25-generic".

There no need to run update-grub.

The hardware clock may be unreliable, specially if the battery is dead. Also, enter BIOS setup and check the time. If it is UTC you'll have to change the time range in the script.


It seems it is possible to use zram without swap.

This script create a ram disk, maximum ram usage is 256 Mbyte.
You can run it with sudo or put the script in /etc/init.d/

#!/bin/bash

modprobe zram num_devices=1
# max ram usage = 256 Mbytes
echo 256M > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
mke2fs -q -m 0 -b 4096 -O sparse_super -L zram /dev/zram0
mount -o relatime,noexec,nosuid /dev/zram0 /mnt/zram
# eof


MAC address NAT with ebtables for IPv4 and IPv6?

There is no such a way to do a mac-NAT.

In fact, the outgoing MAC is always rewrited because MAC is used between machines linked DIRECTLY. The source MAC must be the MAC of direct sender and the destination MAC must be the MAC of next hop. In stead, IP is used between both direct-linked machines and indirect-linked machines for routing.The source ip is the ip of original sender and destination ip is for final.

But fortunately, NAT for ipv6 is avalible indeed just via some changes in the NAT table.


How to upgrade from Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to 20.04 (in virtual machine)

There is no direct release-upgrade path that is supported.

The supported method is to release-upgrade from 16.04 to 18.04, then release-upgrade again from 18.04 to 20.04. Stop, test your new 18.04 system, and troubleshoot any problems you encounter before continuing.

A backup or VM snapshot or VM clone before beginning is wise.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade         // Prepare the 16.04 system for release-upgrade
do-release-upgrade       // 16.04 to 18.04. The system will prompt you for a password

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade         // Check for errors. Stop if there are errors.
do-release-upgrade -d    // The -d is required until August 13, 2020 when 20.04.1
                         // is released. After that, DON'T use -d.

This classic Debian method is direct...but is NOT supported and not tested. If you do this and something breaks, we won't help you fix it. We will merely advise you to clean-install. There have been a lot of changes in the past four years, so breakage may occur.

A backup or VM snapshot or VM clone before beginning is very wise.
Uninstall all non-Ubuntu software packages.
sudo apt update and sudo apt upgrade
Manually edit your sources: Replace all "xenial" strings with "focal"
Run sudo apt dist-upgrade. DON'T agree without reading the output. Resolve all 'kept back' packages before approving the upgrade. Make sure your Desktop is not removed by the upgrade.
Reinstall all non-Ubuntu software packages.

It's often fastest and easiest when skipping multiple releases to simply reinstall Ubuntu.

A backup or VM snapshot or VM clone before beginning is wise.
You don't need to wipe or format. The Desktop installer has an option to install onto the current filesystem, merely overwriting the current system files. This may (or may not) erase some customizations, but is the least intrusive method.
Of course, you have the option to wipe and start over. For some users a new clean slate is preferred.


Stuck on "Loading initial ramdisk..." after upgrading

Problem seems to be related to this bug
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1829620

One of the workarounds posted by Steve Beattie on this post helped me.

  An alternative approach would be to add IUCODE_TOOL_INITRAMFS=no to /etc/default/intel-microcode and then re-running 'update-initramfs -u' to remove the microcode bits from the initramfs image. NOTE: you will want to remember that you did this so that you can re-enable microcode updates once this issue has been resolved.

I hope this can help others who find this question.


No display with Ubuntu amd open source driver

I just removed "quiet splash" from kernel parameters and it's working fine now. I don't know the reason behind the issue, maybe it is because of hybrid graphic cards.


Is there a way to test packages I build for correct dependencies?

The lintian program runs after building a package using debuild and should warn you for missing libraries when building a binary package. The ldd command can be used to check which libraries are needed for a package.

I use the below script for fetching library package dependencies quickly:

#!/bin/sh
# Save it as executable ~/bin/pkglibs
# Usage: pkglibs directory
#        pkglibs file
list_lib_pkgnames() {
    local lib="$1" libs
    # get the libraries for given "$lib", stripping out linker libraries
    libs=$(ldd "$lib" | awk '/=/{print $1}' | grep -vE '^(linux-vdso|linux-gate)\.so\.1$')
    # if there are libraries, find the matching packages for it
    [ -n "$libs" ] && dpkg -S $libs | sed 's/: .*//'
}
search="$1"
if [ -d "$search" ]; then
    # for directories, recursively search for library dependencies
    find "$search" -type f -exec "$0" {} \; | sort -u
else
    list_lib_pkgnames "$search"
fi

The command may take a while for large directories since it test each file separatedly. It can be optimized to generate a list of libraries first, and then passing the unique entries to the dpkg -S command, but that is an exercise for the reader.

Example: pkglibs /usr/lib/mesa/:

ia32-libs
lib32gcc1
lib32stdc++6
libc6
libc6-i386
libdrm2
libgcc1
libstdc++6
libx11-6
libxau6
libxcb1
libxdamage1
libxdmcp6
libxext6
libxfixes3
libxxf86vm1


Install HPLIP does not accept root password

Analysis

From hplip source-code we can learn the following about auth. Auth is performed in base/password.py file.

The main AUTH_TYPES are for:

Debian - su
Ubuntu - sudo

During chat session and in comments we have discovered interesting moments:

the first check is made python platform module. On Ubuntu it should return "Ubuntu".
second distro check - lsb_release -i | cut -f 2 returns "Ubuntu"
third distro check - cat /etc/issue | awk '{print $1}' | head -n returns "Ubuntu".

But OP has installed Anaconda in home folder, and added this directory to the path. And what is interesting - in such case python -c "import platform;print platform.dist()[0]" returns "Debian" (!!!) on distro check. So installer tried to use su. But root account is disabled on Ubuntu by default, so problem arises ("Please enter the root/superuser password:" instead of "Please enter the sudoer (%s)'s password: ").

Conclusion

Always check your $PATH variable for Python versions.
Many software in Ubuntu depend on Python. APT does not know about Anaconda, so system may have unpredictable behaviour with third-party pythons and pips. I can recommend to exclude third-party pythons from $PATH variable.

Then binary hplip installer should work normally. And you can follow my instruction then.


You must, first, select the footer. Then do the Insert -> Fields -> Page Number.
I Hope it helps.


Seagate hard drive not detected by ubuntu

With little information from your case, but, off the top of my head, this is what I would do if I were in your position.

I'd sudo su myself into root, then execute blkid.  It will list all drives that are supposed to be mounted with the system.  Here's an example from my system that blkid would list:

/dev/sda1: UUID="eec0e15e-4c30-409e-815b-58ff37ba97e2" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="47e0e641-01"
/dev/sda5: UUID="c02becce-6f63-428a-b88d-c7761af1d9b6" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="47e0e641-05"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="8a459b28-ac81-419e-b25f-7ac49d48a297" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="03e8b2e8-01"

All of items that is being listed by blkid are typically what should be already on /etc/fstab.  By default, it is not surprise if it only lists your first hard drive (which is always /dev/sda).

You would notice /dev/sdb1 line from blkid, and that is actually 2nd hard drive. By root level, you open /etc/fstab and edit the file by adding this line (copied from blkid). [To make things easier for you - when you are still in root level, do gedit /etc/fstab.  It'll pop up a editor on your screen and in that document, you edit it and save and close the appication and go back to terminal]

dev/sdb1: UUID="8a459b28-ac81-419e-b25f-7ac49d48a297" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="03e8b2e8-01"

and that line to this format:

UUID="8a459b28-ac81-419e-b25f-7ac49d48a297" /srv  ext4  errors=remount-ro  0 1

Save the file; then execute mount -a.

Once that's done, you can navigate in your file system by going to /srv folder, and you should see your stuff in that folder.


PHP upgrade from PHP 7.0.4 to PHP 7.0.8 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

You have multiple installations of PHP on your system but only one has a command-line interpreter at /usr/bin/php.

You need to install the php7.0-cli package to replace it with the version from the package repositories. You don't need it to process PHP web pages through a web server, but without it you cannot run the php program. If you still have multiple installations of the php program, you should be able to select the default with:

sudo update-alternatives --config php


Never look for AMIs using ElasticFox or using the community tab in Amazon's EC2 console or using the ec2-describe-images -a command.  These tools make it difficult to know who publishes the AMIs which is critical in determining what AMIs you can trust.

Always look for an AMI id in a list that is published by a source that you trust.  For an Ubuntu AMI, that would be a place like:

http://cloud.ubuntu.com/ami/

If you trust me, you can also look in the table I publish at the top of:

http://Alestic.com

This table is updated automatically from the list of AMIs published by Canonical.

Scott Moser has written a longer article that talks about the challenge of finding the right Ubuntu AMI:

http://ubuntu-smoser.blogspot.com/2011/07/how-to-find-right-ubuntu-ami-on-ec2.html

There's no need to look for an AMI with Postfix pre-installed or pre-configured.  Not only are these unlikely to come from trusted sources, but they are also unlikely to be configured in exactly the way that you need them to be.

Postfix can be used for many different purposes and you need to make sure yours is configured with the correct values for your installation (outbound, inbound, domain names, relays, certificates, etc.).

You can start with a standard Ubuntu server AMI and install Postfix yourself using apt-get or aptitude.  Here's the section for Postfix in the Server Guide for Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric:

https://help.ubuntu.com/11.10/serverguide/C/postfix.html


How to find the service or the process that faced [UFW BLOCK]

For your example blocked packet, the key indicator is the destination port, 123. That is the network time protocol port. And so the hint is that the service is NTP, which Ubuntu does run. The second indicator is the destination address which looks up as golem.canonical.com, which I assume is the Ubuntu NTP host. Actually, doiing a reverse lookup for ntp.ubuntu.com gives the same IP, so it has some alias':
$ nslookup ntp.ubuntu.com
Server:         127.0.0.1
Address:        127.0.0.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   ntp.ubuntu.com
Address: 91.189.89.198
Name:   ntp.ubuntu.com
Address: 91.189.89.199
Name:   ntp.ubuntu.com
Address: 91.189.94.4
Name:   ntp.ubuntu.com
Address: 91.189.91.157

Therefore the service is NTP.
Check via (this example is on a server, maybe desktops are the same):
$ systemctl status systemd-timesyncd
● systemd-timesyncd.service - Network Time Synchronization
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/systemd-timesyncd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2020-08-19 15:22:05 PDT; 16h ago
       Docs: man:systemd-timesyncd.service(8)
   Main PID: 640 (systemd-timesyn)
     Status: "Initial synchronization to time server 91.189.89.199:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com)."
      Tasks: 2 (limit: 18892)
     Memory: 1.2M
     CGroup: /system.slice/systemd-timesyncd.service
             └─640 /lib/systemd/systemd-timesyncd

Aug 19 15:22:05 s18 systemd[1]: Starting Network Time Synchronization...
Aug 19 15:22:05 s18 systemd[1]: Started Network Time Synchronization.
Aug 19 15:22:11 s18 systemd-timesyncd[640]: Network configuration changed, trying to establish connection.
Aug 19 15:22:11 s18 systemd-timesyncd[640]: Initial synchronization to time server 91.189.89.199:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com).

While mine is working, yours will have failed to sync because you blocked the packets.


How to use Ffmpeg to convert wma to mp3 recursively, importing from txt file?

This is the command I use for ffmpeg all the files in the current directory (works if names have spaces in them) on Mac where brew doesn't have avconv:

for file in *.wma; do ffmpeg -i "${file}"  -acodec libmp3lame -ab 192k "${file/.wma/.mp3}"; done


First things first:

Install mono:
 sudo apt install mono-complete

Download fiddler for Linux by clicking here and extract it.

Then with mono installed run it with from the extracted directory:
 mono Fiddler.exe

Or run with mono /path/to/extracted/fiddler/Fiddler.exe

Source:
https://www.telerik.com/download/fiddler
http://fiddler.wikidot.com/mono
UPDATE
The fiddler can be gotten from here and installed using the following commands:

chmod a+x progress-telerik-fiddler.AppImage, to make the installer executable, and,

./progress-telerik-fiddler.AppImage: to install the fiddler.


error: premature end of file /casper/vmlinux.efi alloc magic is broken at 0x7a2d93c0: 7a179da0 aborted. press any key to exit

I had the same problem and was able to solve it. (In my case, I made the bootable thumb drive from Mac OS X (Mac Mini), but I was running it on a Thinkpad X220 Tablet. So I think that the booting problem is not specific to the Macbook).

You need to first format the thumb drive and then run unetbootin and setup Ubuntu on it.

To format the thumb drive from Mac OS X, you can follow these instructions and format as MS-DOS (FAT). Essentially you need to use the Applications>Utilities>Disk Utility, select the drive, and then format as FAT.

The issue came because you did not format the drive first.


Your current method

For me it is clear that you are trying to pass output of the check-language-support -l ru command to aptitude, but doing this wrong.

The correct way is:

sudo aptitude -y install $(check-language-support -l ru)

Note $(...) above - it executes the command and then passes the output as the argument to the aptitude.

Fixing problems with your current method

You can fix your package errors with the following

sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude install -f
sudo aptitude dist-upgrade

Installing languages in GUI way

I recommend to install languages in GUI-way:

Open GNOME Control Center (for example from right corner of the screen):

Go to Region and Language

Click on Manage Installed Languages
Confirm installation of non-installed components:

and wait it to finish.
Click on Install / Remove Languages, then scroll list to Russian and check it:

and click Apply. Wait it to finish.
Scroll Language for menus and windows list to русский, drag it and drop to the first line.
Close Language Support window and log-out.
Log-in again.
Apply folder renames

by clicking Обновить имена.
Enjoy!

If you need to add Russian keyboard layout - do the following:

Open GNOME Control Center
Go to Region and Language
In the Input Sources click add button ()
Click on More () and search for Russian:

then click Add.
Enjoy!

Note: default keyboard layout switcher is Super+Space, you may chose other combinations from GNOME Tweak Tool (with some limitations on Ctrl+Shift).