ATI Drivers prevent Ubuntu from booting on other computers with other graphics cards

You have to fully uninstall the ATI drivers for Ubuntu to be able to start with full graphical support, since the ATI (and also the NVIDIA) packages links your openGL libraries to a propietary non-mesa implementation. And that's not compatible with the mesa-based intel driver.

My solution would be making an init script that detected the graphical card and installed/uninstalled the driver as needed during boot. It can delay the boot several seconds when you switch from one computer to another, though.

Put these lines on the file /etc/init/lightdm.conf at the end of the file. Should do the trick, but it's completely untested so be careful. If you run into problems booting just delete those lines and let me know.

pre-start script
    # Determine if plymouth is available
    if [ -x /bin/plymouth ] && /bin/plymouth --ping ; then
            PLYMOUTH=/bin/plymouth
    else
            PLYMOUTH=":"
    fi
    # Checks if AMD card is present
    lshw -c display 2>/dev/null | grep AMD &>/dev/null
    if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
        # AMD graphics card found
        $PLYMOUTH message --text="AMD Graphics card found. Installing and configuring driver..." || :
        apt-get install -y fglrx-updates
        amdconfig --initial
    else
        # AMD graphics card not found
        $PLYMOUTH message --text="AMD Graphics card not found. Purging driver..." || :
        apt-get purge -y fglrx-updates
        rm -f /etc/X11/xorg.conf
    fi
end script

Before a real-world testing, please ensure that lshw -c display 2>/dev/null | grep AMD returns at least one line on your AMD graphics computer. If not, please take a look at lshw -c display and adjust that grep AMD so it matches something only on that computer.


Ok so I've solved my problem, it was due to a corrupted patition tha the OS was unable to mount and waited 1.5min to boot. The bluetooth seems to start well since then but I don't know why.


Widevine problems in Chrome and Firefox on Ubuntu 19.10

X86 = Intel (Wintel) Architecture 32 bit
X64 = Intel (Wintel) Architecture 64 bit
at a guess Mac64 = Apple Intel architecture 64 bit

Unless you have a Sun server, or something IBM your machine will be one of these architectures (there is no hardware specifically designed for Linux (yet).

I don't think this will impact the DRM.

An experiment might be to try running  Chrome as sudo (might pipe clean a rights "writer" somewhere).

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/175967/how-to-run-google-chrome-as-root-in-linux


problem with DVI adapter using Intel HD graphic with ubuntu-desktop

Sounds like the DVI port is not enabled in the motherboard BIOS settings. Depending on your board and config, you may need to go into the settings and enable DVI.


Boot menu won't appear after installing Ubuntu 11.10

Try to show the Grub menu

Hold down the
   Shift key as the computer attempts to boot to display the GRUB 2
   menu. In certain circumstances, if holding the Shift key method does
   not display the menu pressing the Esc key repeatedly may display the
   menu.

If that doesn't work, then using Boot Repair to reinstall and fix Grub.

Boot Repair

Repair the bootloader

To restore the Grub bootloader, follow these steps.

Open a terminal, and run the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair
boot-repair

After a few seconds, Boot Repair's main window will open.

Click on Recommended repair.

You're done!

Reboot to test everything out.

If everything went well, you should be up and running by now.

Glossary

  Bootloader: a piece of code that runs before any operating system is running. A bootloader is used to boot other operating
  systems. Each operating system usually has its own bootloader.

  GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader): a bootloader package developed to support multiple operating systems and allow the user to select among them during boot-up. It is Ubuntu's default bootloader.

  Command, command line: the traditional Unix environment , where you type commands to tell the computer what to do.

  Terminal: an application that allows you to access the command line. Open it by hitting its keyboard shortcut, Ctrl Alt T


I had the same problem, I make it worked when i added those 3 group of firewall rules (ufw+firewalld+iptables):
sudo ufw allow 1714:1764/udp
sudo ufw allow 1714:1764/tcp
sudo ufw reload

sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-port=1714-1764/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-port=1714-1764/udp
sudo systemctl restart firewalld.service

sudo iptables -I INPUT -i <yourinterface> -p udp --dport 1714:1764 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -I INPUT -i <yourinterface> -p tcp --dport 1714:1764 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o <yourinterface> -p udp --sport 1714:1764 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o <yourinterface> -p tcp --sport 1714:1764 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

https://userbase.kde.org/KDEConnect#I_have_two_devices_running_KDE_Connect_on_the_same_network.2C_but_they_can.27t_see_each_other
and most important after that: REBOOT.
I hope it will help you


Problem when opening nvidia x server settings program

Install nvidia-settings from Software Center:

Or run in Terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings

It fixed my problem!


How do put two operating systems on one DVD-R?

The 32bit install will actually run fine on most 64bit computers, so if you want to have a single DVD that can install onto "most" computers then you should just use the 32bit version only.


From man xinput, we see:

NAME
   xinput - utility to configure and test X input devices

xinput will only work after the user has started the X Window System.

The environment seen by /etc/rc.local does not include the X Window System. The reason that your script does not complete can be seen by running xinput --list in a CTRL-ALT-F1 login:

walt@spong:~(0)$ xinput --list
Unable to connect to X server
walt@spong:~(1)$


How can I resize my filesystem partition?

you can boot from ubuntu cd/dvd/usb instalation,
choose "try ubuntu"
search for "gparted" application on dash,
launch it,
and it will show you like this (example, it can different from yours)

to resize, click the partition you want to change,
click resize (red mark)
and it will show like this

to resize you can move (the red mark)

hope this will solve your problem


There is also now an officially recommended way to manage which thumbnails are generated in Thunar by tumbler, the Xfce thumbnailing service. Using the method described below means nothing will need to be uninstalled from the gstreamer set of packages, and all other thumbnails (apart from video) will be generated.

However, it is important to note that this is only possible if you have tumbler 0.1.27, although this will be at least the version in Raring (13.04). If you are on Xubuntu 12.10, you only need to enable the Xfce 4.12 ppa to get the latest version of tumbler.

On the Xfce announce mailing lists for January 2013, it was noted that, regarding tumbler 0.1.27,

  This release ships a config file installed in the xdg directory to
  control the various plugins (especially the priority). There is also a
  cover download plugin (dependency is libcurl), but this has been
  disabled by default.

How to enable and disable various plugins is explained on the Xfce official page, but briefly here's how it works. As noted in the explanation, if you want to customise the tumbler rc file, you can make a tumbler folder in your  user-specific configuration folder and then copy tumbler.rc from /etc/xdg/tumbler to that folder:

cd ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:-$HOME/.config}
mkdir -p tumbler
cd tumbler
cp /etc/xdg/tumbler/tumbler.rc .

Now, edit the file with your preferred text editor, e.g.

gedit tumbler.rc

and you will see something like this sample rc file, which has sections for video, image and other thumbnailer plugins.

As an example, you could find the section Video Thumbnailers in the file above and set Disabled=true in the sections for the ffmpegthumbnailer and the gstreamer plugins. Using this method you do not have to remove gstreamer0.10-plugins to stop video thumbnails being shown.

Excerpt from the Video Thumbnailers section of tumbler.rc:

# ffmpegthumbnailer plugin
[FfmegThumbnailer]
Disabled=true
Priority=2
Locations=
MaxFileSize=0

# GStreamer plugin
[GstThumbnailer]
Disabled=true
Priority=1
Locations=
MaxFileSize=0

If at some later point you find that you do not want to entirely disable the video plugins, you could instead use Disabled=false to re-enable them and set a value for the MaxFileSize, so that only files up to a certain size were shown. This would solve problems with high memory usage when thumbnails for very large files are being generated.

Note: after making any changes to tumbler.rc , it is crucial that you log out and log in again. Video thumbnailing for those two plugins, for example, would not be disabled until you logged in again.
Remember, this will only work if you have tumbler 0.1.27 or a later version installed.


Ubuntu 14.04 won't go past the log in screen; update

Install the NVIDIA drivers this way :

When login screen appears press Ctrl + Alt + F1.
Type in your user name and your password.
Then execute the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current
sudo reboot


Ubuntu for Android will provide a way of running Ubuntu alongside Android off of a smartphone when docked. For more information about Ubuntu for Android, visit the link and watch the short video there, What is Ubuntu for Android?.

Also look at the answers to the question: What hardware will the Ubuntu Touch support?.


How to change Shutter's image saving path?

Steps:

Open shutter
Move cursor to top
Select menu Edit > Preferences
Choose Main, and then change Directory
Close


Changing window background color by theming

I use MyUnity. It lets you tweak your theme and change the colors of your bars. You can install it from Software Center. Just do a quick search.

Or from terminal: sudo apt-get install myunity

Here's a nice little tutorial on it:

MyUnity Tutorial


Acer Aspire One 722 Touchpad Too Sensitive After Upgrade

As I had just installed 11.10 on my 722 and didn't have any personal stuff on it, I decided to install 12.04beta after bodhi.razen mentioned it.

So far, I haven't had any problems at all and, important for this question, my touchpad problem has gone away!

While not really a fix, upgrading to 12.04 did solve my problem.


Can multiple files be selected, then uploaded to U1 simultaneously?

If you have UbuntuOne set up just drop the files in the folder and they will upload and sync across your other computers with UbuntuOne


Legacy to UEFI motherboard upgrade with mdadm and LVM

Set UEFI to CSM/Legacy Mode

The simplest solution may be to set the UEFI in the new motherboard to emulate CSM/Legacy mode.

Some UEFI implimentations allow booting from either Legacy or UEFI boot devices by default. If this is the case, then your new system should boot from the old drives.

If not, you may have to change the default UEFI settings from UEFI boot mode to CSM/Legacy mode to boot from the old drives.

Hope this helps


Snap store and snap apps won't run after accidentally deleting /var/log

A log file (broken symbolic link) was present in /var but no log folder. I removed the log file and created a new log folder and rebooted. The log folder is now filled with content, and everything works again!


it appears that the graphical drivers of 1015cx doesn't support ubuntu 12.10. i had got the same command line output when tried to install one of the previous version of ubuntu.
getting back to 12.04 won't hurt at all because it's not a problem of broken packages, it's just that 12.10 is running but only in terminal and not graphically.
go for 12.04, it works fine on 1015cx.


Changing BIOS in cmd mode is little difficult, settings can only be done in real mode, because the Command Prompt does not have access to BIOS. Unless manufacturer provides other means to exploit cmd for BIOS.

To change BIOS in manual way reboot then when booting press F2 or F8 or maybe other. serach for your manfacture key to enter bios and then change boot order as u like


Booting Problems after using Windows for long

Can you boot into Windows? If you can, try restarting from Windows instead of shutting down. I've had issues with the Windows fast startup setting blocking Ubuntu from booting somehow and restarting Windows bypasses fast startup.

If this restores normal startup in Ubuntu disable fast startup in Windows.


Ubuntu is not booting up (From a fresh install)

So instead of doing the whole download thing in my computer, i went to my school and try downloading it in one of theirs and it just decided to work now. So after all my laptop was the problem


Configure Python 2.7.3 interpreter in aptana studio?

Go to: Window menu > Preferences. On the left side of Preferences, you will see PyDev options, click to expand. Under PyDev, look for Interpreter - Python and click to view the preferences. Now you will see on the right a New option, windows will popup, and just enter the command from the screenshot below.


Removing folder shortcuts from gnome-panel

You must use ALT-RIGHT CLICK to edit items on the panel in Gnome classic.


I cannot use ntfs partitions from Ubuntu, how can I fix?

If the NTFS drives are mounting as read-only, its probably because Ubuntu thinks their filesystems are unclean, probably due to hibernation, or a damaged file system. Do this...
in Windows...

boot into Windows
open the Power control panel
choose change what the power buttons do
choose change options that are unavailable
uncheck fast startup
close the Power control panel
open an administrative command prompt window
type powercfg /h off
type chkdsk /f c:
approve to run chkdsk at next reboot
type chkdsk /f d:
reboot into Windows to let chkdsk run on drive C:


How to fix "zsh compinit: insecure directories"?

This made the error go away:

cd /usr/local/share/zsh
sudo chmod -R 755 ./site-functions
sudo chown -R root:root ./site-functions

I'm still unsure what the error meant or why it happened, though.

Credit: this answer on StackOverflow which in turn got the solution from a post on the zsh mailing list


Sudoers File Corrupted in AWS Ubuntu Instance

You will need to spin up another AWS instance in the same AZ. Shutdown your problem instance, detach the root volume and attach the root volume to the new instance. Then you can edit the /mountpoint/etc/suduers file. Then detach the volume and reattach to your original instance. Shutdown and terminate the new instance.

This AWS document shows everything step by step.

How to Recover an Unreachable Linux Instance


So I've just upgraded to 12.10 and it looks like this is now fixed for me. The connection acquired by network-manager is functional right from the start, no need to restart the network-manager service anymore. Same thing when coming out of suspend.

Thanks to whoever worked on nm bugs for 12.10. (a few other annoying quirks have been fixed too actually).

I'd be curious to know what was the origin of the problem though...


There is another application which can be used to capture the images from the webcam named as
 Fswebcam. you can install that with

sudo apt-get install fswebcam

you can have a sample shot with the following command.

fswebcam -r 640x480 --jpeg 85 -D 1 web-cam-shot.jpg

In the above code syntax , -r stands for Image resolution , --jpeg stand for format type of the image & 85 for its quality standard, -D stands for delay set before capture.

Now your image finally saved with web-cam-shot.jpg name.

Hope that helps.


Issues with Canon LBP6000 printer driver

To make my LBP6020 (the renewed version if LBP6000 but just identical really) to work correctly i had to perform the following steps

disable usblp printer auto recognition in /lib/udev/rules.d/70-printers.rules. my file now looks like (note 4th line):

# Low-level USB device add trigger
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{bInterfaceClass}=="07", ATTR{bInterfaceSubClass}=="01", TAG+="udev-configure-printer", RUN+="udev-configure-printer add %p"
# usblp device add trigger (needed when usblp is already loaded)
#ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="lp*", TAG+="udev-configure-printer", RUN+="udev-configure-printer add %p"

# Low-level USB device remove trigger
ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{ID_USB_INTERFACES}=="*:0701*:*", RUN+="udev-configure-printer remove %p"

without this step there is always an auto-discovered copy of LBP6020 which is not working, maybe there is a way to make this auto-discovered printer work, but i didn't try this
download from Canon and install Linux driver (2 deb packages from archive) - i installed 2.60
create a rule to restart ccpd when the printer is connected. i created /etc/udev/rules.d/85-canon-capt.rules with the contents:

KERNEL=="lp[0-9]*", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{serial}=="0000B1D0DLkI", ACTION=="add", SYMLINK+="canonLBP6020", RUN+="/bin/bash -c '/etc/init.d/ccpd stop && /bin/sleep 5 && /etc/init.d/ccpd start'"

be sure to change the serial number (the value of ATTRS{serial}) to yours, which can be obtained by lsusb -d 04a9: -v | grep iSerial. this script also creates a static symlink /dev/canonLBP6020 which is useful in case you have multiple /dev/usblp* devices. i used this symlink in next step.
create a printer using command line

lpadmin -p LBP6020 -m CNCUPSLBP6020CAPTK.ppd -v ccp://localhost:59687 -E
sudo ccpdadmin -p LBP6020 -o /dev/canonLBP6020

restart cups and ccpd or restart the system.

After connecting the printer to usb each time wait 5 seconds before starting using it. This is the time that is needed to restart ccpd daemon by the rule in step 3 (note sleep 5 there, unfortunately the /etc/init.d/ccpd restart doesn't work correctly for me, but you can try it yourself).


Does ubuntu OS time settings update with daylight savings?

Yes. If you selected a time zone or region that observes DST, the clock will automatically adjust.


Cannot boot Ubuntu 20.4 from USB drive on Insignia touchscreen laptop (originally running Windows 10)

Use Rufus to make a bootable Pendrive of ubuntu.
Use the fat32 format option.

Then go to boot option and turn off secure boot in your boot menu. then reboot to your boot menu. Select the Pendrive from the boot menu. I hope it will solve your problem.


How to enable read/write for windows partitions?

Try looking for this package
ntfs-3g.

This will allows you to read/write ntfs partitions


You would need to edit /etc/hosts on each machine that will connect to your abc.company.edu.uk machine, as well as on the machine itself. That file is not used to advertise a computer's name across a network.

If you want to advertise the computer name without editing anything on the other computers, you would need to use a proper DNS setup.


Check dependencies and generate download script before installing by dpkg

You can always try a dry run before the install,

dpkg --dry-run -i *.deb


Are the Linux utilities parts of the kernel/shell?

In Ubuntu you will find Coreutils installed .

  This package contains the basic file, shell and text manipulation
  utilities which are expected to exist on every operating system.

  Specifically, this package includes: arch base64 basename cat chcon
  chgrp chmod chown chroot cksum comm cp csplit cut date dd df dir
  dircolors dirname du echo env expand expr factor false flock fmt fold
  groups head hostid id install join link ln logname ls md5sum mkdir
  mkfifo mknod mktemp mv nice nl nohup nproc od paste pathchk pinky pr
  printenv printf ptx pwd readlink rm rmdir runcon sha*sum seq shred
  sleep sort split stat stty sum sync tac tail tee test timeout touch tr
  true truncate tsort tty uname unexpand uniq unlink users vdir wc who
  whoami yes

Core GNU utilities .

You will find most of the basic commands from Core Utilities description page, said that , Linux is just a Name of Kernel, Whereas Ubuntu is an Entire Advanced Integrated OS of such utilities. As in Question Such as cp, ls, grep, ps...

 Are they stand-alone applications pre-installed on the operating
 system or the innate part of the operating system?

They together actually forms Ubuntu/Linux Operating System , Either of them existing standalone doesn't help much.

Shell is basically Bridge between kernel and the user, a Command Interpreter where user can type command and the command is conveyed to the kernel and it will be executed.And it is Different from Kernel , refer basic  image below

And for more descriptive image

File Manager mostly forms the Front-End of common Core Utilities.

So how does that innate thing happens , its because ,

Linux is Monolithic kernel  where all services (file system, VFS, device drivers, etc) as well as core functionality (scheduling, memory allocation, etc) are a tight knit group sharing the same space. It provides the shortest path to a working, stable kernel  .Whereas Memory, Process and Device managing are the functions of any Kernel.

There is also a very good description provided here at How to understand the Ubuntu file system layout?

Additions related to Libraries-

The GNU C Library and GCC GNU Compiler Collection is most important Library and Core requirement of Ubuntu/Linux Operating system. One of the reasons is Kernel is written Primary in C and hardware specific code using Assembly language.

To some extent "OS is made up of two parts, i.e., Kernel and Shell" holds true , for example Servers , and Minimal Linux based Distros. But for a fully fledged Ubuntu Desktop you need more then just Kernel and Shell.

Gtk (Gnome) is based on C and C++ , Qt(Kde) uses mostly C++ i guess , they don't have any libraries in common. Which is why they provide different User experience.

For utilities ( packages ) , you will find Python pre-installed in Ubuntu & Ubuntu-distros , to provide extended functionalities to python based Applications ( Like Window managers i guess) and Scripts . As i  mentioned early "They together actually forms Ubuntu/Linux Operating System , Either of them existing standalone doesn't help much."

You can further refer the question How can I know if my an application on my desktop environment is loading other DE's modules, libraries, etc? .


You have 2 options:

-Installing the Flavour as your new OS.

-Using the terminal to install the flavour's desktop

I will give you the instructions for this last option.
Open the terminal and install the flavour's desktop you want with this command (e.g. Budgie):

 sudo apt install ubuntu-budgie-desktop

Please bear in mind that this last option will only give you the graphical interface of the flavour, if you want to use the flavour as your main OS, you need to install it the same way you installed Ubuntu.


How to run GUI applications remotely on a headless server?

This is more than possible using X11 tunneling. The exact  instructions for doing this differ depending on the platform you are using to connect to the server.

Windows XP/7/8

You will need to download and install the following tools:

PuTTY
Xming

Once you have Xming installed, launch the program. You now have an X11 session running locally on your computer. When you launch PuTTY to connect to the server, expand the "SSH" column on the left and click on "X11":

Now make sure the "Enable X11 forwarding" checkbox is checked:

Connect to the server as you normally would. Now when you run an X11 application (such as Firefox) it will use your local X11 server:

Ubuntu 12.04+

X11 forwarding in Ubuntu is incredibly simple. You don't even need to use PuTTY. Just open a terminal and use the SSH command:

ssh -X myserver.example.com


snap-confine refuses to launch application to avoid permission attack

sudo apt purge snapd snap-confine && sudo apt install -y snapd

has fixed the problem for me


after apt-get install phpmyadmin - where are the files and access?

Aha, this is the final step I was missing!

nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf #or edit similar file based on your setup

In the .conf file add this line (at the bottom preferably):

# phpMyAdmin Configuration
Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf

Alternately, you can create a file in /etc/apache2/conf-available called phpmyadmin.conf, put the above line in there, and then sym link to it in /etc/apache2/conf-enabled- but I did the first method.

Then restart Apache with

[sudo] service apache2 restart

Your setup may want you to use httpd vs. apache2

Thanks to this tutorial for your help:
https://www.liquidweb.com/kb/how-to-install-and-configure-phpmyadmin-on-ubuntu-14-04/


Occasional graphics timing issue when waking up from suspend

You could try to use a newer version of the nvidia drivers. I have no way of knowing whether this helps or not, but I think it is worth a shot. If it doesn't help you can always revert to the previous driver.

You can install a newer version from ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa.

To enable the PPA and install a newer verion of nvidia drivers, run

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-381


How to make sure my computer clock is right and fix it if it is not?

There should be an option to enable network time synchronization in the Date & Time section in your system settings. If however this is too inaccurate, you can enforce NTP time synchronization with the ntpdate command (you will need to install this with sudo apt-get install ntpdate as it is not installed by default on 15.10):

sudo ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com

After fetching the current time from the server, it will tell you the offset to the machine's own clock and automatically adapt it:

 7 Dec 22:27:57 ntpdate[14411]: adjust time server 91.189.94.4 offset -0.049344 sec

If you're experiencing reoccurring time deviations, despite automatic synchronization (I don't know how often this is executed), you could have this command executed by the cron daemon, e.g. by adding it to the file /etc/crontab. The following line will cause the command to be executed at the 0. minute every hour:

0 *    * * *   root    /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com

If you want to use another time interval, consult the manpage crontab(5).

PS: If the time is wrong each time you boot your computer, it is most likely caused by a failing CMOS battery; you may want to look for a replacement.


can microsoft detect pirate licence after formatted & installed ubuntu in hard disk?

Can Microsoft trace previously pirated license from Computer HDD.

Yes. It is possible to redo a format to some extent (with "testdisk"). But doing so would probably be far more costly then letting it slip since they need to get there hands on your system (and that probably requires a court order in most countries).

Mind you: if you bought the system from a store that is a chance you already paid for windows (prior to windows 8 you would have a sticker on the system with the serial; windows 8 seems to store the serial in bios(?)).

  What is the best HDD formatting method/software so Microsoft will not trace license from HDD. ?

Best method? Throw away the harddisc and get a brand new one.

Technically you can use tools to zero-fill your disc several times to make sure all was erased (since formatting most times does not erase the disc but removes just the partition table (short version ;) )) but a new harddisc is the least time consuming method.


How to fix the sound of the hard drive needle when turning off the system

Finally I was able to fix it by adding the command sudo hdparm -y /dev/sdb in the "Start Applications" menu, and configuring sudoers not to ask for superuser password. In this way I indicate that the HDD is put in stand-by at login, at shutdown and at restart.

To configure sudoers look at the following link: [Start command as superuser at login (SOLVED).


Run a script as root upon user login into XFCE

Ok, I figured out a working solution just the way I need it.

I created a file /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/kids.conf with content

[Seat:*]
session-setup-script=/root/bin/tweak-sys-config.sh

tweak-sys-config.sh runs as root only once (unlike .profile that may run many times) upon desktop user singin with $USER environment variable initialized to user login.


Due to "repository has no Release file" errors, apt-get update failed in Ubuntu 16.04

Follow these steps and let me know the outcome.

go to cd /etc/apt
cp sources.list sources.list.bk
vi sources.list and delete everything.
add the following:

#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20170215.2)]/ xenial main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse

SAVE.

retry to apt update

post here the output.


Is there a way to use multiple instances of Chromium or Firefox?

Would using Mozilla Firefox with multiple 'profile' work?  Each of these would have separate settings, plug-ins, history, etc.

Use this to setup additional profiles:

firefox -ProfileManager

Then this to set a particular profile:

firefox -P <profile>


Disk doesn't contain valid partition table after switching /home to new drive

Your fstab file shows that you're mounting the drive to two different mount points. Generally, I think that doesn't work. If you really wanted to do that, you could create a symbolic link to the original mount point.

But since you don't want to do that, and you don't need the disk to be mounted under the /media folder anymore, remove this line from your fstab file:

/dev/sdc    /media/neutron256gigssd     ext4    defaults    1   2

Restart or execute the command mount -a for the changes to take effect. This solved your problem (discussed under the comments section).


Change preferred applications in GNOME 3 fallback

I was wondering this myself and I eventually found it on a tab called Default Applications in the System Info Utility.


Make laptop files accessible to android device over laptop Wifi antenna?

Below are what I believe are the minimal steps to achieve what I wanted. For now, the steps only work for an additional Wifi USB stick, not the built-in Wifi hardware. I will edit this as I learn more ...

Install and set up hostapd

In order to make the Wifi hardware (the one built into the laptop or some additional Wifi USB stick) work in non ad-hoc mode, the hostapd software is necessary. Note that for this to work at all, the Wifi hardware needs to be supported by the hostapd software and the hardware needs to be able to support non ad-hoc mode.

Install software with sudo apt-get install hostapd
Find the name of the network interface that corresponds to the Wifi hardware. For an additional Wifi USB stick this may be wlan1 or similar. The command ifconfig will show all availble network interfaces.
Create the config file /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf (e.g. with the command gedit /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf)  with the following content where you replace <INTERFACENAME> with the name found in step 2, <MYSSID> with the name you chose for your network, <CODE> with the two-letter code of your country (e.g. US), <MODE> with the Wifi network mode (e.g. g) and channel with a valid channel number (e.g. 3). Alternately, the lines for hw_mode and channel can be left out entirely. Replace <MYPASSPHRASE> with a phassphrase you like (but avoid umlauts or accented characters).

interface=<INTERFACENAME>
driver=nl80211
logger_stdout=-1
logger_stdout_level=0
ssid=<MYSSID>
country_code=<CODE>
hw_mode=<MODE>
channel=<CHANNEL>
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=<MYPASSPHRASE>
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP

See http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Documentation/hostapd for more information.
Run the command sudo hostapd -d /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf. This should start the Wifi network and it should be possible already to connect to this network from the mobile device: the network with the SSID you assigned should show up in the list and after entering the password, the device should connect to the network. However, the device will not get an IP address and so no real data transfer is possible yet. Terminate the command by pressing Ctl-C

Install DHCP and set up the network

In order to actually transfer data between the mobile device and the laptop, the network must know which range of IP addresses it should use and a program is needed to assign IP addresses to any device that wants to connect.

Use command sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server to install the DHCP server.
Edit the interface configuration file /etc/network/interfaces and add the following to the end:

iface <INTERFACENAME> inet static
address 192.168.2.1
netmask 255.255.255.0

Edit the DHCP configuration file /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf and add the following to the end.

subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.2.3 192.168.2.10;
  option broadcast-address 192.168.2.255;
  option routers 192.168.2.1;
}

If you know the MAC address of the mobile device and want assign a fixed IP address to it, you can add the following lines before the closing brace, replacing XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX by the MAC address. This will assign the fixed IP address 192.168.2.2:

  host device1 {
    hardware ethernet XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX;
    fixed-address 192.168.2.2;
  }

Bring up the the interface with the command sudo ifup <INTERFACENAME>
Start the DHCP server with the command sudo dhcpd -f -d <INTERFACENAME> (this will keep running until you terminate with Ctrl-C and show log messages to the terminal)
Start the managed network with the command sudo hostapd -d /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

If all goes well you should now be able to connect from a mobile device to that Wifi network and the device should be assigned an IP address in the 192.168.2.X range.

Accessing Files and Services on the Laptop

Once the network is started, the mobile device should be able to access services running on the laptop (but not the internet).
The easiest way to share files from the laptop is to create a Samba share for a directory on the network. This can be done by right-clicking on the directory icon and choosing "Sharing options", then check "Share this folder" and optionally assign some share name, the click "create share".

For android devices, there are several apps that can be used to access Samba shares, I use "ES File Explorer".  In the ES File Explorer app, change to the "LAN Shares" tab and add a new server. In the "server" field, enter the IP address of the server, e.g. 192.168.2.1, then enter the Ubuntu userid and password and touch "OK". When you touch the server IP address, all the shares you created should be listed and from there you can copy files or whole directories to the Android device.

Another way to access files on the laptop which is also supported by the "ES File Explorer" app is sftp.


how can I disable ubuntu system startup code display?

Open /etc/default/grub
and edit the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line like the following:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"

Then sudo update-grub for the changes to take effect.


CRITICAL **: gst_app_src_set_size: assertion 'GST_IS_APP_SRC (appsrc)' failed

That looks like a problem with GStreamer.

Try to set the media.gstreamer.enabled pref to false on the about:config page.


ubuntu 14.04 login keyboard stuck on english. I want french keyboard

If you press the Windows Key (or Super Key, depending on how you want to call it) + Space bar you can change between the languages. To set French as your default keyboard input, go to System Settings > Keyboard > Text input and then select French and use the arrows below to move it to the top position. I use multiple languages too and this is how I manage them.


If you've got a recent version of Ubuntu then there's a version in the repositories: try this:

sudo apt-get install rabbitmq-server

If this version is too old for you you can use the .deb file from the RabbitMQ site.


Ubuntu not starting, only shows blinking cursor

i think that it might be failed installation OR incorrect version (eg. installing 64bit OS under 32bit machine). retry installation (and format partition, if was used before then also backup), if after reinstalling problem is still appearing - then install another (maybe older) version. hope any solutions work :/ .


If anyone still cares its actually

videoinfo

for grub-efi


The development version of Scribus can open IDML files (InDesign Markup Language, the official import/export file format for applications that have to work together with InDesign).  I am not sure how good the IDML support is currently, so you will have to test yourself...

If you want to try the latest development version of Scribus, there is a PPA for that.  But remember that these are daily builds of the development version, and they are probably not ready to be used for production work yet (and every day a new version will be available, which may fix some issues, but also introduce new ones).


I found a solution!

If I ran dconf-editor in the terminal, nagivated to org.gnome.desktop.input-sources, this window would show up:

The xkb-options had some values in it, after clicking Set to Default, the values were deleted, and my buttons were restored to what I wanted them to do.


Quick Method to wget my local wiki... need advice (without dumping mysql)

The solution was either to use httrack, and customize the wizard carefully, or this brilliant one liner with wget:

  echo "robots = off" > ~/robots.txt ; wget --mirror --convert-links
  --html-extension --no-parent --wait=0 "http://10.168.0.4/GameWiki"


Does Ubuntu work on the 2013 Dell XPS 15 (9530)?

Yes!

Works On: 13.10, 14.04

Notes:

The laptop works with very few issues.  The hi-DPI screen is somewhat hard to see, but can be tweaked to be acceptable for most people.

Touch Screen: fail

Touch screen will click and select, but can't scroll web pages.  With multiple monitors, the clicks are detected as being on whatever the "main" monitor is, which might not be the laptop screen.

(the quadhd-touchscreen driver provided here or directly on dell server might help to fix the touch-screen detection problem. Before this, I add touch-screen active 1 time over 10 or 15 reboot, now it seems to work each time I start ubuntu)

Wifi: ok

Ethernet: N/A

Webcam: ok

Microphone: ok

Trackpad: ok

Media Keys: ok

Integrated Graphics: ok

Dedicated Graphics: fail

NVidia 750m does not show up... though I've heard that you can get it working with some effort using bumblebee.

SD Card Reader: ok*

*SD card reader requires kernel 3.13. In 3.12 and before, it is not detected.

HDMI: ok

DVI: N/A

VGA: N/A

DisplayPort: N/A

Mini DisplayPort: ok

Optical Drive: N/A

Bluetooth: ok

1/8" Headset port: works*, though with very annoying background hiss

*Requires kernel 3.13, before that it didn't mute the main speakers when the headset was plugged in.


How to sync the time to network with timedatectl on Ubuntu 18.04?

From man timedatectl all you need is to enable NTP-sync.

sudo timedatectl set-ntp true

then it do the rest automatically.

If it does not work check status of systemd-timesyncd.service

systemctl status systemd-timesyncd.service

and restart it

sudo systemctl restart systemd-timesyncd.service

And then check again:

$ timedatectl
...
       System clock synchronized: yes
systemd-timesyncd.service active: yes
                 RTC in local TZ: no


How to remove the Telegram Indicator applet

Ugh, the answer is that the "show tray icon" isn't in the notifications section but further down in the General settings.  I have it after all.  Posting this as a reminder to all that looking carefully in the Settings may just be the answer one needs.  Thank you @pomsky for letting me know what to look for!  That helped.


How can I prevent Desktop Users from connecting to new wireless networks?

You can kill nm-applet (the thing in the bar at the top that let's you choose the network settings), and use iwconfig to choose the wireless network, like this (assuming your wireless NIC is wlan0):

$ sudo iwlist wlan0 scan

This will display all available wireless networks.

$ sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid "MyWirelessNetwork"

This will try to connect to the wireless network with SSID "MyWirelessNetwork"

$ sudo dhclient wlan0

This will get an IP from the DHCP server.

Since the above commands require sudo powers, regular users will not be able to change the wireless settings.

If you choose, you could remove the nm-applet all together by removing the package network-manager-gnome


Download mega.nz files from command line

Megatools allow you to copy individual files as well as entire directory trees to and from the cloud. You can also perform streaming downloads for example to preview videos and audio files, without needing to download the entire file first. Megatools are robust and optimized for fast operation - as fast as Mega servers allow. This is quite fast. Memory requirements and CPU utilization are kept at minimum.

Megatools is provided in Ubuntu by the universe repository. You can install megatools in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu with the following command:

sudo apt install megatools


Upgraded to Raring Ringtail 13.04, but not every package did?

That's normal because of the development cycle. They will change to 13.04 once the final release arrives. I would also recommend making sure all repositories are activated in the Software & Updates app (Found in Dash):

NOTE - Since this is a development version, you will sometimes get when doing an update an error. Maybe it will say "Bad checksum", maybe "Repository not available" or maybe other errors related to repositories. Do not worry about this. Simply wait a while, I normally wait an hour before doing the update process again. It happens a lot on Development versions before they are released. A lot of repositories are updated on a daily basis. So the whole update system might show an error while you do the update.


Reinstall Ubuntu on other disk with Windows dual boot

I had the same issue, first, if you can boot into both OS's then you are good and at this point, you just want to have Ubuntu on the drive you originally wanted, right? Do you have the unwanted Ubuntu on its own partition that is safe to delete? If so, that is what I did and I installed Ubuntu on a its own partition completely separate from anything windows and when I wanted to remove it, I booted into the BIOS so I could boot into Windows directly from the boot options and then just deleted the ubuntu partitions, BUT THIS WILL REMOVE GRUB BOOTLOADER, so you will need to install Ubuntu right after or if you want to use Windows you will need to switch what to boot from in the BIOS so Windows will work when you boot the computer. If it is easier for you, GParted is better, but make sure to only delete the Linux partitions so make sure to double-check what you are about to delete by the file system type as Windows will never use ext as its file system type. Then I would install Ubuntu right after so you can get grub back, have ubuntu on the drive you want and be able to easily boot into either OS when turning on the computer. Please post if you have any questions before you start as I would rather you have a clear picture of what to do vs you losing data you needed by accident. On a personal note, I love GParted and use it often so you can use Windows to modify the partitions or GParted, but GParted is a better tool. Just make sure to be 100000% sure the drive you are about to delete, wipe, or nuke is what you want gone forever.


How to flash Meizu MX4 ubuntu edition with another channel?

Connect your phone to Ubuntu desktop

sudo apt-get install phablet-tools

Unlock phone (you need also developer mode on)

phablet-shell

Inside shell

sudo system-image-cli --switch ubuntu-touch/rc-proposed/meizu.en

After automatic download and reboot you will have the new channel.
Be warned this channel is not for normal usage.

Update (2017-10):
As Canonical dropped development, one may consider switching to more recent build channel from UBports. Command example below. Run it on Ubuntu host where you have connected your Ubuntu phone.

ubuntu-device-flash --server=http://system-image.ubports.com touch --channel=15.04/rc


Is deleting my entire home folder contents like resetting everything to where it was during install?

This may not be the answer you're looking for, but I would say no. There are other folders like 'bin', 'usr', 'etc', etc. that have most likely been modified since your installation. So, unless you just installed and haven't downloaded any apps or modified anything, simply deleting the 'home' folder would not turn it into a clean slate.


Can I get Nautilus to show me folder details on mouse hover?

Neither Thunar, PCManFM, nor Nautilus have this feature, I don't know about Dolphin as I don't have it Installed, while I think is possible they could have it they don't currently use it.

As @Tom mentioned in the comments, Gnome Sushi is the closest to have that but you need to press the Space bar  for the window to show and I don't know if if it's a bug only affecting me but the Sushi window uses a Black background with black text making it useless but you can still try it.


Open file ~/.config/xfce4/xfconf/xfce-perchannel-xml/xfwm4.xml
and edit the line

<property name="theme" type="string" value="Default"/>

as follows:

<property name="theme" type="empty"/>

It happens to me after switching to Xfce session. I think it's is due to the fact that Xfce and Xubuntu sessions share the XFCE configuration directory, but are tuned to different defaults.


Can't Install Kubuntu on my New Asus Vivo Book Pro

I have the same issue with installing Kubuntu/ubuntu 18.04 on my Asus ZenBook UX434FLC.

In Kubuntu installation, the disk management part skipped with error and in the ubuntu procedure, there is no disk.

After many hours of research, I find a solution that is changing SATA configuration in BIOS to AHCI from Intel RST.

There is a procedure to work Windows with AHCI:
https://support.thinkcritical.com/kb/articles/switch-windows-10-from-raid-ide-to-ahci

  SSD drives typically perform better using AHCI drivers.  There is in
  fact a way to switch operation from either IDE / RAID to AHCI within
  Windows 10 without having to reinstall.  Here are the steps:

  Click the Start Button and type cmd
  Right-click the result and select Run as administrator
  Type this command and press ENTER: bcdedit /set {current} safeboot minimal (ALT: bcdedit /set safeboot minimal)
  Restart the computer and enter BIOS Setup
  Change the SATA Operation mode to AHCI from either IDE or RAID
  Save changes and exit Setup and Windows will automatically boot to Safe Mode.
  Right-click the Windows Start Menu once more. Choose Command Prompt (Admin).
  Type this command and press ENTER: bcdedit /deletevalue {current} safeboot (ALT: bcdedit /deletevalue safeboot)
  Reboot once more and Windows will automatically start with AHCI drivers enabled.


Use an absolute path:

* */12 * * * /Path/dist/BinaryFile > LogFile.txt

In addition, the file has to be executable. This can be done with chmod +x /Path/dist/BinaryFile.

Note that the time is probably not what you want, but it will run just fine.


Click on the folder that is called "home" and then click on your username folder; the partition should be mounted and available here.

Open a terminal and type the following command to confirm this:

lsblk

You should see the partition listed here and it should have a mountpoint listed as well. If no mount point is listed, you need to edit /etc/fstab to include the partition to be mounted when you boot at /home/<your_username>.


What are some audio/video converters for Linux?

I'm focusing on video converters here, although FFmpeg or mencoder can encode audio as well.

Graphical interface

Handbrake

From its homepage:

HandBrake is an open-source, GPL-licensed, multiplatform, multithreaded video transcoder.

Easy to use GUI with presets for various hardware devices; can rip DVDs with ease.

Avidemux

From its homepage:

Avidemux is a free video editor designed for simple cutting, filtering, and encoding tasks. It supports many file types, including AVI, DVD compatible MPEG files, MP4 and ASF, using a variety of codecs. Tasks can be automated using projects, job queue and powerful scripting capabilities.

Also rather easy to use. It is somewhat comparable to VirtualDub on Windows.

VLC

VLC provides and easily accessible converting function in Media->Convert/Save. An instruction is given here.

Command line interface

FFmpeg (or its fork avconv) ###

From its homepage:

FFmpeg is a complete, cross-platform solution to record, convert and stream audio and video. It includes libavcodec - the leading audio/video codec library.

Example:

ffmpeg -i input.mkv -c:v mjpeg -b 2000k -c:a libmp3lame -ab 128k -ar 44100 -vf denoise3d,scale=640:360 output.avi

Mencoder

mencoder is part of the MPlayer project, so it shares the same syntax.

Example:

mencoder input.wmv -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=3000 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=160 -vf denoise3d,scale=640:360 -o output.avi

Handbrake

Handbrake also has a command line interface.

Codec restrictions due to software patents

Be aware that due to software patents, some programs in the standard Ubuntu repositories don't include certain codecs (H264 encoding is a prominent example).

Workarounds for stripped down binaries:

Enable the Medibuntu repositories:

sudo -E wget --output-document=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/$(lsb_release -cs).list && sudo apt-get --quiet update && sudo apt-get --yes --quiet --allow-unauthenticated install medibuntu-keyring && sudo apt-get --quiet update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Use a prebuilt static binary

For example, you can download FFmpeg with all codecs supported here: http://ffmpeg.gusari.org/static/

If you want to run that binary, don't forget to call it with the full path; otherwise, the FFmpeg of Ubuntu will be run.

Build the binaries for yourself...

...and include everything you want. This is, of course, the most tedious solution.


When watching videos in VLC on Ubuntu 14.10, it flickers

I had similar problem. Changing hardware-accelerated decoding helped. Go to Tools > Preferences > Input/Codecs.
Try different options in hardware-accelerated decoding.
I first tried to disable it and it stopped flickering right away.
However I noticed the video got frozen really quick (not that noticeable) couple times, so, the next option I tried worked perfectly: VA-API video decoder via DRM.

PS: to be sure that changes take effect, I restarted the player after saving the changed option


crontab task creating protected files - i don't want them protected

sudo crontab -e will run all items in that crontab as root. Any resulting files will be owned by root.
crontab -e (without sudo) will run all items in that crontab as that user (not root). Any resulting files will be owned by that user.


1. Check system integrity

I do not see GLib-CRITICAL messages on my systems, so if unsure, then reinstall related packages with:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin libglib2.0-data

If problem persists, then check system integrity with:

sudo dpkg --verify

or debsums:

sudo apt-get install debsums
sudo debsums --all --changed

and reinstall packages with possible damaged/missed/changed files.

2. Install packages with *.pc files

About *.pc files. If you visit search on https://packages.ubuntu.com and evaluate search for *.pc files inside packages you will see the long list of related packages and files:

So you need to install some related dev-packages.

At least one libglib2.0-dev with glib-2.0.pc:

sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev

and you will get something like:

$ pkg-config --list-all | grep -A2 -B2 GLib
iso-codes                      iso-codes - ISO country, language, script and currency codes and translations
caja-python                    Caja-Python - Caja-Python Components
gobject-2.0                    GObject - GLib Type, Object, Parameter and Signal Library
gmodule-export-2.0             GModule - Dynamic module loader for GLib
libpcreposix                   libpcreposix - PCREPosix - Posix compatible interface to libpcre
geoclue-2.0                    Geoclue - The Geoinformation Service
--
adwaita-icon-theme             gnome-icon-theme - A collection of icons used as the basis for GNOME themes
libpcre                        libpcre - PCRE - Perl compatible regular expressions C library with 8 bit character support
glib-2.0                       GLib - C Utility Library
mate-keybindings               mate-keybindings - Keybindings configuration for MATE applications
gmodule-2.0                    GModule - Dynamic module loader for GLib
gnome-system-tools             gst - Gnome System Tools
gthread-2.0                    GThread - Thread support for GLib
caja-sendto                    caja-sendto - Extend caja-sendto through plugins
xbitmaps                       X bitmaps - Bitmaps that are shared between X applications
--
libpcre32                      libpcre32 - PCRE - Perl compatible regular expressions C library with 32 bit character support
xkeyboard-config               XKeyboardConfig - X Keyboard configuration data
gmodule-no-export-2.0          GModule - Dynamic module loader for GLib
xkbcomp                        xkbcomp - XKB keymap compiler

(tested on clean Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS virtual machine)

Note: Debian and Ubuntu are not source-based GNU/Linux distributions, i.e. they are not Gentoo or Funtoo. For latter it is expected to have includes and development packages and tools preinstalled, but for Debian it is not expected.


there aren't many malwares on Linux in general as most programs you'll ever download and install are open-source and, if there is, the program will most likely have a very short lifespan; so there is no need for a malware scanner.


multiple versions of R in same ubuntu 14.04 machine

This is possible, but R has to be built from source for adding more versions. Detailed information from Rstudio can be found here. As I had the same problem today, I made a shell script for easy installation of multiple R-3.X.X versions on the same machine, which happens to be Ubuntu 14.04 in my case.


Screen brightness is either totally dim or totally max on a Samsung NP350 Laptop

I had the same issue, and was able to solve it as follows. In a Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) I ran:

cd /etc/modprobe.d

I looked to see what files the /etc/modprobe.d directory contained:

porsche@porsche-300V3A-300V4A-300V5A-200A4B-200A5B:/etc/modprobe.d$ ls -la
total 52
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Aug  4 00:33 .
drwxr-xr-x 131 root root 12288 Aug  4 00:54 ..
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  2507 Feb 15 21:03 alsa-base.conf
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   325 Mar 18  2011 blacklist-ath_pci.conf
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  1656 Aug  4 00:33 blacklist.conf
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   210 Mar 18  2011 blacklist-firewire.conf
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   661 Nov 20  2011 blacklist-framebuffer.conf
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   156 Feb 15 21:03 blacklist-modem.conf
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    41 Jul 31 13:04 blacklist-oss.conf -> /lib/linux-sound-base/noOSS.modprobe.conf
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   583 Mar 18  2011 blacklist-rare-network.conf
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  1077 Mar 18  2011 blacklist-watchdog.conf
-rw-r--r--   1 root root    30 May 18 03:03 vmwgfx-fbdev.conf
porsche@porsche-300V3A-300V4A-300V5A-200A4B-200A5B:/etc/modprobe.d$
porsche@porsche-300V3A-300V4A-300V5A-200A4B-200A5B:/etc/modprobe.d$

So I edited blacklist.conf by running sudo vi blacklist.conf. (You can also use sudo nano -w blacklist.conf or gksu gedit blacklist.conf.)

I added the following lines to blacklist.conf:

blacklist samsung_laptop
blacklist samsung_backlight

Then I saved the file, and quit the text editor. Afterwards, I applied:

sudo apt-get update

I restarted my laptop and everything is OK right now.


How can I get a list of all packages available for a specific version of Ubuntu (not necessarily the one I have installed)?

1. On-line

I prefer use of http://packages.ubuntu.com/ as muru's answer

2. Off-line, Manual

Otherwise looking for an off-line solution then you should be MR. APT and start downloading them from http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/.

p=$(pwd); for c in main universe multiverse restricted; do for u in "" -security -updates; do for a in binary-amd64 binary-i386; do mkdir trusty${u}_${c}_$a; cd trusty${u}_${c}_$a; wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty$u/$c/$a/Packages.bz2; cd $p; done; done; done;

Results:

$ tree
.
├── trusty_main_binary-amd64
│   └── Packages.bz2
├── trusty_main_binary-i386
│   └── Packages.bz2
├── trusty_multiverse_binary-amd64
│   └── Packages.bz2
├── trusty_multiverse_binary-i386
│   └── Packages.bz2
├── trusty_restricted_binary-amd64
│   └── Packages.bz2
├── trusty_restricted_binary-i386
...

3. Off-line, using apt-cache/overlay-filesystem/chroot

Going bad, advanced setup:

Actually, I'm going to use a custom sources.list* with same apt-cache installed on 16.04, but apt will not overwrite the 16.04 real lists files in /var/lib/apt/lists/, changes will go to the overlay file-system.

Setup:

sudo apt-get install chroot
mkdir sandbox0
cd sandbox0
mkdir upper work merged
sudo mount -t overlay overlay -o lowerdir=/,upperdir=./upper,workdir=./work ./merged
sudo chroot merged/
echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe multiverse main restricted" > /etc/apt/sources.list
rm -r /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
apt-get update
exit

Use: (you may prepare a script)

sudo mount -t overlay overlay -o lowerdir=/,upperdir=./upper,workdir=./work ./merged
sudo chroot merged/

apt-cache ...


Just copy it to the root of your server, which should be in:

/var/www/


File manager stopped displaying partitions.

The problem was the my sidebar got somehow un-clicked.  I fixed it by clicking View->Sidebar->Show Sidebar.


How exactly did you install nodejs? Did you use apt or something like the snap store (since I can see you have a few other snap packages installed).

A better command to run is which, which will return the the path of the executable being called, so something like which node or which npm would be more useful. Also, since I'm assuming you actually used a snap package, sudo snap list would be helpful.

If you are indeed using the snap package, you probably want sudo snap remove node.

As a side note, avoid logging in as root and using it. You have sudo for administrative tasks, so take advantage of it and get used to better and safer practices.

Also, if you are looking to remove it so you can update to a newer version, take a look at this github page with the generally recommend ways of installing node.

https://github.com/nodesource/distributions#debinstall


Compiz CPU usage around "100%" when system idle/screen off

I developed health-check to help identify the kinds of activity of rogue CPU eating processes such as this. This will at least give some idea of what is going on as the first triaging step.

Install:

sudo apt-get install health-check

Monitor compiz for 60 seconds:

sudo health-check -r -f -d 60 -p compiz

..and that way we get to see if it is polling on zero timeout waits.

If you want to read more about what health-check can diagnose before you commit to using it, please refer to the project page.


As long as you can make settings changes, you are omnipotent. To add remove program, you can grant sudo rights for aptitude and apt-get (not synaptic as it permits to add repositories). But this is not real security.

If you know specific resources that they need access, it is different.

By the way, as long as they can reboot and change the kernel command in grub, they are omnipotent. As long as they can reboot in another medium (USB key, Live-CD, PXE,...), same thing. If they can open the hardware and extract the hard disk... ditto. Securing a computer is not easy at all. If you just need to put enough fences around some adventurous users, you can't.

EDIT reply:

If your kids are computer geeks, there is no way with technical tricks to be sure they do only want you allow them to do, even those advertised as not-uninstallable (install a virtual machine and tor). If you look at dictatorship or at actual revolutions in North Africa, the only way the countries have found to block unwanted behavior was to shutdown Internet connexions and it seams to be insufficient. In the same way, the only thing you can do it shutdown Internet or the computer. And even like that, they can see it at friends.

What follows is not really an Ubuntu answer, but I care about children and I hope this can help. My best solution is education:

Warn them about what they can and can't do, where are your limits.
Acknowledge to them you can't and don't want to survey everything they do. You can log everything they do, but really, it is putting a spycam in their lives.
Explain them what is a sexual predator and how they act. (soon)
Show them what is an indelible trace on the internet and on social networks. Visual chats are recordable and most new computer have a webcam.
Put a good advertisement blocking plugin.
Oh, I didn't say it to you before, but they will go to pornographic web sites (as soon as 10-12 year old for some of them). Here your best friend (in my point of view) is sexual education before they have seen one/too much and explain that they don't have to do everything that is done there.
If you educate them to late, it will be less useful. The good time is up to you, in function of your and their situation.

Technology is not a solution for human interaction and I hope it will never be.


How to configure login screen in Xubuntu 18.04 - Slick Greeter

The simplest solution is to install the package lightdm-settings

sudo apt install lightdm-settings

This is the graphical utility to configure slick-greeter

It will appear in your menu once installed as "Login window"


How do I set permissions on a network-shared folder?

All folders need to have execute permission.

If you run ls, you'll see something like this (with no line starting with #):

$ ls -la shared_folder
drwx------   2 user group   4096 Feb 11 21:10 shared_folder
#UUUGGGOOO

If there is no x (execute) permission set, user is not able to enter the folder, or list its contents. If you want to share the folder with read and write permissions for everyone, set permissions to 777, e.g

chmod 777 shared_folder

If you authenticate remote users, and they belong to same group, you should set the permissions to

chmod 770 shared_folder

And if the folder owner is the only user using shared folder (and you have authentication set up), then

chmod 700 shared_folder

is the proper choice.


Is there a Command + ` equivalent (cycle through windows)?

Alt - ` and Shift+Alt+` do this by default.

The desktop will map whatever key is above the tab key to do this, on US keyboards it's the ` key.

What are Unity's keyboard and mouse shortcuts?


On GParted, you wanna click this button:

And select /dev/sdb. If it isn't there, then your USB may be broken.


pandas install documents:

Python2 and Python3 uses different version of pandas.

For Python3 you can install it using apt install:

sudo apt-get install python3-pandas

In order to install it using pip, you should use pip3 for Python3:

sudo apt-get install python3-pip
sudo -H pip3 install pandas


Tomcat will eventually log all requests to its access logs, even if the request takes a long time to complete. If you have requests that never end, you'll see them in a thread dump of Tomcat. You can do a thread dump by running kill -3 PID where PID is the process id of the Tomcat JVM. You can run ps aux | grep java to find the process id; it's the number in the 2nd column.

However, if you're not seeing anything obvious in the Tomcat access logs already, then the network traffic might not be going to Tomcat.

You could try using tcpdump to monitor what network traffic you are getting whilst the spike is occurring. See the man page for more information.

Depending on the cause of the spike, you might want to try asking on the AWS Developer Forums or on Server Fault where there is a larger population of system administrators.


Your kernel 4.15 is too old for this hardware. Install HWE kernel by running

sudo apt install linux-generic-hwe-18.04


Firefox scrolls up and down when I press the arrows

Caret Browsing is provided as a way to navigate through a web page by using only the keyboard.

You may have Caret Browsing turned on.  You can press press F7 to toggle caret browsing on/off, and see if it works.


How to get the RSSI of an AP I'm not connected to?

I've been using the grep -Bn style commands to monitor rssi of an AP I'm not connected to, ultimately, some more specific parsers can be written, but this is a good-enough one-liner for a lot of purposes: the output contains the rssi

You can use the scan options of iw or iwlist : let's look for an AP called Sage that appears in my office space:

iwconfig # get interface name, let's say it's "wifi0"
sudo iw wifi0 scan | grep "SSID: Sage$" -B6 # show 6 lines before the SSID

output:

        freq: 2462
        beacon interval: 100 TUs
        capability: ESS Privacy ShortPreamble ShortSlotTime (0x0431)
        signal: -79.00 dBm
        last seen: 624 ms ago
        Information elements from Probe Response frame:
        SSID: Sage

with iwlist:

sudo iwlist wifi0 scan | grep ESSID:\"Sage\" -B3

output:

                    Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)
                    Quality=32/70  Signal level=-78 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"Sage"

I've been using this an either an interactive monitor for signal strength, antenna placement etc using watch with this expression, or, for statistics, using timeout and watch


How to start byobu everytime I start a terminal when using zsh as default shell?

I don't use zsh but I had this problem with the standard terminal application on Ubuntu and Linux Mint (gnome-terminal). I believe that the 'byobu-config' command only enables byobu for remote log-in, for example through ssh. In my case byobu-config had added the following line at the end of ~/.profile to enable byobu for remote log-ins:

_byobu_sourced=1 . /usr/bin/byobu-launch 2>/dev/null || true

I added the same line to the end of ~/.bashrc and it then worked for the local terminal too. Presumably zsh has a similar configuration file that you can edit.


Gwibber alternative for Facebook on 12.04

FBMESSENGER

FBMessenger is a stand-alone Facebook Messenger app for Linux, very similar to the official Messenger for Windows.

features:

chat with your Facebook friends (obviously) in a separate window with
tabs for each conversation;
notifications and friend requests;
friend updates;
desktop popup alerts for notifications (only when you turn the chat
on).

Install using the commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fbmessenger


Make sure something is actually listening on that port (netstat -tlnp | grep 53), if your firewall would have blocked you, you'd usually just run in a timeout since it would drop the packages without answering.

You actually get an answer which is connection refused.

Which

tells you there is nothing there or
your DNS doesn't accept the requests,

while the first probably being the case.


Why won't bind9 start with Samba 4 AD DC?

These are the directory permissions sam.ldb:

chown named:named /usr/local/samba/private/dns


Ubuntu touch flashing failed/taking to long. Black screen! Redeploy help!

To wipe the data on the phone, install a custom recovery mod, like Clockwork Mod Recovery or TWRP onto the phone. In CWM, you can format the partition by going to "Wipe Data/Factory Reset" then go to "Wipe Cache Partition" when you've finished those two, go to advanced and select "Wipe Dalvik Cache" then you should reboot, and proceed with flashing Ubuntu Touch. I have no experience with Ubuntu Touch or how to install it. But that's basic information on how to erase the data on your phone. It's probably best to erase everything then flash again. Follow instructions carefully when flashing the rom on your phone.


How do I paste the contents of a folder into the www root folder?

I want to take the contents of home/magpie/xoops-2.5.5/htdocs/ and put it into var/www

To do what you want, open a terminal with Ctrl-Alt-T and type:

cp -vR /home/magpie/xoops-2.5.5/htdocs/* /var/www/


When I upgrade to ubuntu 14.04 I got a lot of depency errors like this one. It turns out during the update many of the software sources are deactivated and one needs to activate them again by going into the software center. Edit-> Software Sources -> Other Software
And check all the sources once again.


Please try to install the latest driver for your video card. (search for an application called "additional drivers" in the Dash, and select the FGLRX proprietary drivers).


Building ElementalX kernel on Ubuntu 16.04 (64-bit)

This error is solved by enabling KCAL in the .config file of your kernel source directory.

This can be achieved by changing the line

# CONFIG_FB_MSM_MDSS_KCAL_CTRL

to

CONFIG_FB_MSM_MDSS_KCAL_CTRL=y

All done problem solved :)


User-icon at top left corner in Ubuntu 20.04

GUI Option

Launch the "Extensions" app.

Click on the settings (gear) icon next to "Desktop Icons".

The Desktop Icons configuration dialog will appear.
Note: If you don't see "Extensions" app, you can launch the Desktop Icons configuration dialog using the command:
gnome-extensions prefs desktop-icons@csoriano

On the dialog, toggle the "Show the personal folder in the desktop" switch.

Command-line Option

Open a terminal

Enter the following command
 gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.desktop-icons show-home false

Press Enter


Installing CUDA 11 in Ubuntu 20.04 with Nvida GTX 1060

I was having the same issue. capm's comment worked for me.

There was a problem with the libnvidia-compute-450 package. I managed to solve it by forcing its installation with sudo apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-overwrite" install libnvidia-compute-450. Taken from here. Drivers and CUDA works fine now.


sudo: /usr/lib/sudo/sudoers.so must be owned by uid 0

Ownership of at least one of your important system files is wrong. That's a bad thing; if this has happened to many system files (perhaps you ran a big sudo chown command with the -R flag at some point?), it could cause a number of other system errors and instabilities. So if you recently installed Ubuntu, you might want to reinstall as Adam Heathcote suggests.
But you do not have to reinstall to fix this problem. Instead, just fix the ownership on that file. If you get errors about other files after that, you can fix them too (though you might have to tell us what the error messages are, so we can tell you how to fix them also).
sudo does not work, but using sudo is one of two ways for administrators to perform actions as root on Ubuntu. The other is Polkit (which used to be called PolicyKit).
Run this command, which uses Polkit (via pkexec) to change the ownership of /usr/lib/sudo/sudoers.so back to root (i.e., uid 0):
pkexec chown root /usr/lib/sudo/sudoers.so

Then try using sudo again. You can run something trivial like sudo ls, and see if you get an error message.
Finally, I recommend running history to reveal all the commands you've run. Hopefully that will list all the commands you've run that have changed permissions. Assuming sudo now works, I recommend posting a new question including the output of history, to get help undoing all the file ownership and permissions changes you've done.
If pkexec doesn't work either...
You tried pkexec and it didn't work. Since neither sudo nor Polkit is working to allow you to perform actions as root, you'll have to boot into recovery mode and get a root shell. To do this, hold down Shift while booting up your computer, to ensure you get a visible GRUB boot menu. Select an entry that contains the words recovery mode (generally, you should select the one closest to the top that has those words). Then you'll get a menu where you have a number of options--select the option to drop to a root shell.
Detailed instructions on accessing a root shell in recovery mode are here:

How do I boot into a root shell?

Once you have a root shell, run:
chown root /usr/lib/sudo/sudoers.so

If you get an error about the file or filesystem not being modifiable, then remount it readwrite:
mount -rw -o remount /

(Source for the idea of remounting and how to do it: this mostly unrelated answer.)
Then after running that mount command, run the above chown command again and see if it works.
Once you're done in recovery mode you can reboot by running:
reboot

sudo should then work, or at least give some other error.
Finally, please note that given the errors you showed, it's likely that many files now have the wrong ownership or permissions. It would be ideal if you could figure out which files you modified in this way. For example, if you could figure out that it was all files in a couple specific folders, then it might be possible to correct the complete extent of the recent problems you've been having.
Reinstalling is definitely an option, but especially if all you changed was ownership (and not permissions, which are somewhat harder to reconstruct as they vary more), it should be possible to simply set the permissions back recursively to their original owners (probably usually root) and reverse the damage entirely.
Getting sudo working again is a first step. Hopefully the above technique will enable you to do that.


How to install appcelerator titanium on ubuntu 12.04?

It seems like the file permissions are not correct and you are attempting to open the file in Nautilus, so it wants to open it rather than run it. You need to ensure the +x bit is set on the file.


Is there any way to send an sms or make a call using wifi with Ubuntu Touch on a Nexus 4?

You can only make mobile phone calls and send and receive SMS through an appropriate service gateway. Most cell phone network providers do not allow their customers to access their respective gateways except through their respective cell phone network.

There are however gateways from other providers that allow you to make calls and send and receive SMS over the internet (e. g. over a wireless connection to an access point connected to the internet).


Constantly being asked for unknown password

I think the answer should be the same to the problem like this in ubuntu.

Here is the link
How can I stop being prompted to unlock the 'default' keyring on boot?

Hope this helps. Please vote if it helps:)


Ubuntu 16.04 upgrade turned my internet off?

Are you using a wireless connection?

If yes, used this tutorial to solve my problem.

https://askubuntu.com/a/771841/517454

(I did it after an upgrade in 14.04, but maybe it can work in your case too.)


Changes to plymouth do not change bootanimation

For some reason the script path in /usr/share/plymouth/themes/default.plymouth did not change to the path to the correct animation script, so my changes to the script did not take action.

What it was:

[Plymouth Theme]
Name=Ubuntu Logo NonPink
Description=A theme that features a blank background with a logo.
ModuleName=script

[script]
ImageDir=/usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo-nonpink
ScriptFile=/usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo/ubuntu-logo.script

Changed the last line to:

ScriptFile=/usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo-nonpink/ubuntu-logo.script

fixed the problem.


Evolution calendar does not display outlook office 365 18.04

I would like to share a complete 3-Step tutorial to sync your calendar account with Linux.
Note: This will also sync your email to evolution, after the tutorial just open evolution and refresh the mailbox - you must have email sync enable on Online Accounts.
This tutorial will even work with personalized enterprise domain in office 365.
STEP 1) Install evolution-ews on your Linux
Debian and derivated:
sudo apt-get install evolution-ews

or just
sudo apt install evolution-ews

on newer versions.
Fedora and Derivated:
sudo yum install evolution-ews

or
sudo dnf install evolution-ews

on newer versions.
STEP 2) On Online Accounts select Microsoft Exchange:
Fill up the email and password fields with your Office 365 info (the rest will be filled automatically).
STEP 3) Replace Server field with:
outlook.office365.com

and copy the email field content into username field.
Here is how it should look like:
BEFORE:

AFTER:


How to change uTorrent's port from 8080 to another one?

/etc/init.d/tomcat7 stop

open utserver at 8080 and change in settings to another port.

/etc/init.d/tomcat7 start


Try

Edit /etc/rc.local

sudo gedit /etc/rc.local

Before exit 0 insert this line

sh -c "echo  10 > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness"

This will set your screen brightness to 10/15 during startup. You can replace 10 with any integer from 0 to 15. You can save somewhere brightness value just before reboot, then you need to include a command to read the previously saved value from a file and use that value instead of 10 (in above example) to set the brightness value.

Also you can get current brightness by

cat /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness


Impossible(?) to install ubuntu on ASUS Zenbook UX563F

I assume your SATA drive is configured as Intel® Rapid Storage Technology (Intel® RST) in the Bios. If you change this to AHCI, Ubuntu will recognize your disk.

If you change this to AHCI, WIndows won't boot anymore. If you still want to use windows:

boot windows
via (admin) CMD:

bcdedit /set {default} safeboot minimal

reboot, enter BIOS (F2), set SATA to AHCI, F10 (save)
continue booting windows safe mode
Now Windows will automatically enable AHCI drivers.
Remove previous safeboot setting:

bcdedit /deletevalue {default} safeboot


I think the answer given here by kos is the best way I've seen so far.
Though as Software Center uses apt, anything that it has installed would be listed too.

The command is:

zcat /var/log/apt/history.log.*.gz | cat - /var/log/apt/history.log | grep -Po '^Commandline: apt-get install (?!.*--reinstall)\K.*'


Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter not working in Ubuntu 16.10

Run in a terminal

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf <<< "options rtl8723be ant_sel=1"

and reboot.

If it does not work, try with ant_sel=2

This will set the correct antenna and should fix the poor signal issue.


How do I connect to asterisk server located in Windows 7 VirtualBox?

I suggest you use the Bridged Adapter in the network type. That way your virtual machine will have its own IP and you can use that.
Read this


Moved a file with mv, now I can' t find it anymore!

That command renamed my file Computer, and moved it to a folder that I was able to find it with search option. After that I renamed back to ele....iso and moved it to the desktop!


Several ports open to the public (0.0.0.0/0)

Is the Amanzon instance new? When creating a new instance in step "6 Configure security group" indicates which ports will open for ssh or apache, etc.

Check in your instance that these are not with the anywhere 0.0.0.0/24 option

Port 22 would only add the ips or networks that will be able to access.

The other ports understand that they may be open if they are displaying a web page.

I am not very familiar with aws but if I find information I will add it to you.

Edited: I have found these pages that you may want to read. Where it explains what I told you about port 22, but on ports 80 and 443 you have to be with the tcp-udp protocol.

You can edit this if you go to the created instance, select it and below you get all its settings that you can change.

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/es_es/opsworks/latest/userguide/workingsecurity-groups.html

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/es_es/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using-network-security.html#adding-security-group-rule

I don't think you have to close the ports from ubuntu. You can try this and if it does not work start closing them from ubuntu with iptables, also check that you have the inactive ufw in ubuntu with the command

ufw status

If it is active I would recommend disabling it.

ufw disable

With this command you can know which ports are open and listening.

netstat –pnltu | grep LISTEN  or
netstat –pnltu | grep ESCUCHAR


I think, you don't need to install driver. The connection link there means, the driver is activated already. I guess, it is more like a cable problem or network problem. Check your cable and/or contact your network provider.


How to deinstall top panel or allow programs/windows to be ontop of that panel

I installed now the gnome-shell, and its a pretty good solution, now I only got the panel on the left screen, and on the right (dual monitor) is now no panel, also every window has it's own toolbar, idk know how it's actually called.

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

but yet not the solution I expected.


How to disable update notification for all users?

The solution turned out to be to use gconftool to set auto_launch to false for myself (without sudo) and then to copy the config file to all the other user accounts:

for u in wife ${kids}; do
  cp -fv /home/me/.gconf/apps/update-notifier/%gconf.xml /home/$u/.gconf/apps/update-notifier/%gconf.xml
  chown -v $u:$u /home/$u/.gconf/apps/update-notifier/%gconf.xml
done


Synclient alias in .bashrc not responding

Your problem is not with the alias. The fault is because of this synclient command and I faced the same problem:

Now, I just confirmed this bug on Launchpad: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xserver-xorg-input-synaptics/+bug/673875.

As alternative you can use xinput:

Determine the device id (the device name should be something with "touchpad" or "glidepoint"):

xinput list

Alias to disable it (e.g. here the device id is 14):

alias touchoff='xinput disable 14'

Alias to enable it:

alias touchon='xinput enable 14'

Source: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticsTouchpad


The current version of Firefox (69.0.1) is Netflix-capable but you must enable DRM for Netflix. Thanks to itsfoss.com, we have the steps.

Open a Firefox tab and type about:preferences#content in the address bar.
Look for the Digital Rights Management (DRM) Content field.
Check the box in front of Play DRM-controlled content, which will download and  install the Widevine plugin from Google. This can take a while, depending on server load and your Internet connection throughput.
Open a new tab in Firefox and type about:addons in the address bar.
Confirm both the Widevine and OpenH264 add-ons are installed with Always Active mode.
Restart Firefox, and test Netflix.
If Netflix fails, close Firefox, open a terminal window, and run sudo apt install libavcodec-extra. When that completes, retry Netflix in Firefox.


Rearranging Indicators (Dropbox, Clementine and Recent Notifications)

The names of the indicators can be found out with:

dbus-send --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=com.canonical.indicator.application /com/canonical/indicator/application/service com.canonical.indicator.application.service.GetApplications | grep "object path"

Replace underscores with hyphens in the keyfile.

Source: http://www.acetous.de/179/ubuntu-12-04-finetuning


How do I obtain the latest and greatest Debian package files for Ubuntu?

You have to use Search package directories on the special web site -  https://packages.ubuntu.com .

For your case  - https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?suite=all&searchon=names&keywords=libgoocanvas will show all libgoocanvas packages for all currently supported Ubuntu releases.

The libgoocanvas3 was available only in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. On newer systems you will get libgoocanvas-2.0-9 at version 2.0.4.

From developer's point of view for goocanvas*-dev you will get the following:

libgoocanvas3 provides goocanvas.pc for pkgconfig
libgoocanvas-2.0-dev provides goocanvas-2.0.pc for pkgconfig

For the particular problem with Shutter on upcoming Ubuntu 20.04 LTS - you will not be able to download and install it in simple way because of missed libgnome2-* packages.


How to make a daemon which checks if a program is running (at regular intervals) and starts it if it is not?

Create a script anywhere you want it to be, preferably in your home directory.  I like to call mine, check_docky.bsh.  In your script, do the following lines:

#!/bin/bash

ps -ef | grep -i docky.exe | grep -v grep >/dev/null

case $? in
1) sh -c "mono /usr/lib/docky/Docky.exe";;
0) exit 0;;
esac

In the above script, the ps -ef | grep will look to see if Docky is running.  If it is not running the exit code that gets returned is 1, so then the case statement would relaunch Docky automatically.  Else, the script would exit normally with a code 0.

Make sure the script is executable:

chmod +x check_docky.bsh

Then create a cron job for the script.

First, run crontab as you:

$ crontab -e

Then as a new entry add the following so that it will check every 10 minutes starting at :00 of the hour:

# m h  dom mon dow   command
*/10 * * * * /home/<username>/check_docky.bsh

To show that this command works:

~$ ps -ef | grep wookie | grep -v grep
~$ echo $?
1
~$ ps -ef | grep wookie
terrance  20978  6976  0 13:53 pts/17   00:00:00 grep --color=auto wookie
~$ echo $?
0

Hope this helps!


You can install Y PPA Manager and search for "unity"


Install latest intel-video driver on Ubuntu 12.04

You can install a more recent driver, along with a recent kernel, with Ubuntu LTS Enablement Stack:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack

To install the Saucy hardware enablement packages in Precise, please run instead the following command:

 sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-saucy xserver-xorg-lts-saucy libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-saucy


You should use juju ssh command instead, like juju ssh postgres/0. Check out the user guide


This seems to be caused by your system running out of RAM.

Increase your swap
Disable the GUI on your next reboot for testing purposes
Test using a non-memory consuming player like mplayer and see if the stuttering problem persists.

If this stops the stuttering problem you only have to upgrade your RAM


You could try many monitoring programs. For this particular purpose I've used Cacti in the past. I was graphing RTT to a few hosts and downstream/bandwidth usage.


For a graphical solution "Startup Disk Creator" works great, and it's not Ubuntu specific.
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu


How to disable pidgin notifications? Pidgin + facebook has too many notifications for friends coming online

Go into the pidgin main window and open the tools menu, add-ons and a new window opens showing the add-ons.

Search for the lib.notify entry and there you can disable to show logins/logouts.

It is not recommended to disable the plugin itself, at least if you do not care about the message indicator integration.


What is the recommended widget toolkit for Ubuntu desktop?

The future:
Nothing has officially been declared. However, Canonical is pursuing a convergent strategy for its Ubuntu OS.  This suggests that in the future its SDK which uses the QML language (javascript like) and Qt toolkit will end up being the preferred choices for multiplatform development. The SDK should allow one application to scale to many form factors. It's also significant to note that Mir, the new compositing window manager they are developing will have Qt bindings by default.

Currently:
As things currently stand, development on the desktop is supported by almost any language and toolkit you'd like. However, Canonical recommends GTK+ 3.0 and python2.7 for beginners (despite old docs saying pygtk, it's really pygi - also known as python with gobject introspection).  The default python in Ubuntu is 2.7 not 3.0.  They have created a tool for developers called "quickly" that allows you to easily design, code, package and distribute your app. By default apps depend on pygi (GTK3) and the user interface is designed with Glade.

One thing you might notice with GTK3 and pyGI is that there aren't a lot of good documentation for it yet.  Here is a palce to get started, but it's missing a lot of stuff. I find that I can translate many of the C++ Gtk docs and the seed docs into the appropriate functions in python by some experimentation. Often if I can find out how to do it with the old pygtk, it's not too different in the newer pyGI.  Finally, you can always post to AskUbuntu or StackOverflow for help from the community.

Finally, ubuntu has some specific APIs to interact with Unity.  Check out the developer resources page for more info.


This should do the trick:

sudo apt-get install galternatives
sudo galternatives

Then select your theme from key default-plymouth and do the update-initramfs -u again.


Determine RAID 5 config on ubuntu server. Was it hardware or software RAID 5?

You have software raid.  Your output looks odd so I think what you did was run sudo blkid /dev/xxx for each of several block devices.  If you just run sudo blkid with no arguments, it should list everything and there should be /dev/126 and /dev/127 in there.  Those are your raid volumes and those are what you want to mount to access your data on them.  They should just show up in the gui when you boot the live cd and open a file explorer.


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS cannot get IP address when directly connected to the internet

It turned out to be an issue with my router/modem, I performed a full reset on both of them and that seemed to fix the issue. Pretty weird that all my other VM's still got their external ip's without any issue though.


Switch Fedora to Ubuntu by replacing files

You can't switch distros just by changes some files.  A distro will actually have to be installed.  There are many libraries and dependencies that will have to be in the right place with proper configuration for an OS to work.  Various distros have those dependencies placed in different areas.  They even have some of the library names specified with different spellings.

To have support from this forum (I'm sure the same would go for trying to ge support from with Fedora from their support channel) you would have to have a correct installation with all the files in the proper place.

To try to run a distro without actually installing it, and just have files from different distros will leave you with two unsupported broken distros.

By the way, some of what you have described is what is involved with creating a new distro.  It takes a very dedicated group to perform the task.  The results would be a different distro, by a different name with a totally different support group.


Itermittent Loss of Wireless 14.04 dual boot on Mac

If this is an MBP 8,2 I can only offer this advice:

It won't ever be fully stable. I ran Ubuntu, and then Arch on my 8,2 up until it stopped working a few days ago and never figured out how to remedy this. Connections would always randomly 'drop'. (Disconnects but the icon indicates connected.)

Usually, a simple disconnect and reconnect fixed it. In the rare occasion, I'd have to reboot the router. This gave me stability for a few days at a time, depending on how many machines were on the network. The more congested it was, the more likely my connection would drop again and the more frequent the droppings. If you ever run into an issue where OS X will connect but Ubuntu won't, or your phone will connect but your laptop won't (etc.) a reboot on the router will also clear that up.

Also, different routers seem to 'drop' less frequently. Never has issues with Apple's Airport branded stuff. The rest, (DLink, Cisco, Netgear) have all been hit or miss.

SIDE NOTE: Heads up, if you're gonna try getting vgaswitcheroo working, be really careful. REALLY careful. You can't use a stock Ubuntu kernel. Don't even try.  Kernel 3.16-2 booted once with the two cards on, then shut down and lost all use of the internal display. Mac OS X, Arch, Windows, Ubuntu. None can see that there's 15 inches of screen sitting right there. It now only works with an external monitor via OS X. Even reinstalling OSX/using the firmware recovery methods/disc won't fix it. I'm not the only person it's happened to. You've been warned.


how to install ubuntu and applications in separate partition

Short answer is you can't. because Linux uses filesystem hierarchy. And there isn't only one path for storing application's data.

However, most space for data is on /usr directory but for your case, it doen'st help you for seperating it because some config files will leave out and you'll end up with package confliction.


How to add printer to my server and share it with no GUI?

You can control CUPS (Common Unix Printing System) from any computer on your LAN. Point a browser at http://server:631. CUPS will let you add the new printer, pick a driver, setup a print queue, and share it on the LAN.


If installed with sudo snap install nextcloud, then:

sudo snap remove nextcloud


In the end I tried tapping both shift keys really fast on a system boot. This would only bring up the menu about one time in five. I think it's because the mohterboard is so new and so very fast at getting to the bootloader stage.

Then I chose to go into rescue mode and then from the menu when to a root prompt.

After getting a root prompt I did the usual..

 # mount -o remount,rw

Once the file system is in rw mode I then edited to the sudoers file.

Leasons learned

Always use visudo to edit your sudoers file so that syntax is checked for you before saving.

 # sudo visudo

Annoying, ubuntu uses nano as it's default text editor, which put me off using visudo. So another good tip is to change your default editor by using  update-alternatives

# sudo update-alternatives --config editor

It's probably a good idea to set a password (a very secure one obviously) for root.


USB Keyboard does not work! I have to use on-screen keyboard!

Check your BIOS setting for USB configuration. Make sure in "USB Legacy" is ON or AUTO, for enable BIOS to detect keyboard & mouse at bios.

in your case, 2004 pc should have 2 PS/2 port for keyboard and mouse, so using PS/2 converter is easy way to ensure compatibility with newer hardware.

Better use Lubuntu 14.04.4 LTS, Lubuntu is one of lowest requirement in Ubuntu fork. http://lubuntu.net/


Ubuntu 13.04 installation fail on ASUS S551LB (Hybrid Graphics)

Try blacklisting the mei module, that one is known to cause (re)boot failures. (Likely you won't need that one anyway.)

Add the following line to the end of your /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf file:

blacklist mei

Or if you can't get to the system, then blacklist it on boot by adding the kernel parameter

modprobe.blacklist=mei

at GRUB. (If you don't know how to add kernel parameters at boot, read this answer)

Also you may try updating your BIOS.


When using a country repository pool on sources.list, will update use only up-to-date mirrors?

If you choose a country, mirror is selected in such a way that it is fast as well as up-to-date. In my opinion up-to-date mirror is given priority. But if two or more mirrors are up-to-date then the fastest mirror among them is chosen.


Evolution: Broken Outbox / Sending mail takes several minutes

Answering the first part of the question (where can I see my message while it's being sent):

While being sent, the message can be found in the "Outbox", which is located in the "local tree" of the mail accounts. Only when sent successfully (i.e. delivered to the configured SMTP server -- which does not necessarily mean it already reached the recipient), it gets stored within the "Sent" folder.


Boot into ubuntu and enter in a terminal:

sudo update-grub

It should rebuild the options for the systems it finds installed on your computer.


can not install any program through wine

Shouldn't that be sudo chown -R agha:agha ~/.wine -R? Also, never run a wine program with sudo. If that doesn't work, delete the existing prefix and create a new one with sudo rm ~/.wine -R; winecfg.