Is there an Ubuntu version designed for children?

All Ubuntu versions are free of charge and the educational version of Ubuntu is called Edubuntu.

What is Edubuntu?
The Edubuntu Project
Edubuntu is a grassroots movement, we aim to get Ubuntu into schools, homes and communities and make it easy for users to install and maintain their systems.
We are students, teachers, parents and hackers who believe that learning and knowledge should be available to everyone who wants to improve themselves and the world around them.

The screenshot tour gives an impression of what is included. You can see basic colorful games and software oriented to teaching about space.

Edubuntu is having problems though so the 14.04 might be its final release. There will be no 16.04. On the other hand ... Edubuntu is Ubuntu with some packages oriented to kids. Here is a list of packages in Edubuntu divided into a school type set (pre-school, secondary and tertiary). Add those to a normal Ubuntu and you are good to go.


Can't boot up my laptop after upgrade to (K)ubuntu 13.04

during graphical login press Ctrl+Alt+F1, text login should appear

login
cat ~/.xsession-errors the last lines might be interesting
mv ~/.xsession-errors ~/kde-bug.log just to have a copy of the log
mv .kde .kde-tmp backup old KDE configuration
sudo reboot

past the content of ~/kde-bug.log e.g. to http://paste.ubuntu.com/ and send us the link


Ubuntu 16.10 won't let me login, keyboard nonresponsive

So after some experimentation, here was what finally worked for me:

Create a Live USB
Change the USB port in which the receiver for my wireless keyboard rested (front ports not operable apparently, but back worked fine, which was why my mouse worked)
Boot to the Live USB (mine was for 16.10).  Did this by using F11 to get to the boot menu and boot from the USB drive.  Booting the normal OS into recovery mode did not work and did not help.
By accessing drives as admin (I did it in the terminal with sudo -i), I was able to copy and preserve the files I needed backed up
Then, wiped the entire OS drive and re-installed the OS.  I tried just doing a "repair packages" and even a "reinstall Ubuntu", but neither worked.  Somehow I had borked the system badly enough that I had to wipe the drive.
After the install was complete, I could boot into my system, restore the files I had backed up, and everything was back to normal.


If you want to install the latest AMD drivers for you graphic card, I recommend you to build the .deb packages using the .run installer of AMD website (follow this tutorial):

What is the correct way to install proprietary ATI Catalyst Video Drivers (fglrx) directly from AMD?

The latest driver compatible with Ubuntu 13.04 is the 13.6 Beta driver (8 jun): http://www2.ati.com/drivers/beta/amd-driver-installer-catalyst-13-6-beta-x86.x86_64.zip


Try this:

Install dconf-tools .

Start dconf-editor.

Switch to com → canonical → indicator → sound.

Add , 'Exaile' to "interested-media-players":

Done.

Alternatively, you could run:
gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.sound interested-media-players "['rhythmbox', 'Exaile']"


This is more simple one command
I just did:
sudo rm /var/cache/debconf/*.dat

After I run the sudo apt-get install and (I was installing curl ) and it worked restored the db manual pages.


Changed Laptop Screen (Thinkpad), FN-Key Brightness control stopped working

This looks to me like a hardware problem. Did you change the backlight as well, or the display only? If you changed backlight as well, it may be incompatible. Or maybe you have damaged one of the wires which go through the hinges while (dis-)assembling parts.


If you can't sort it, then there's already a column used for sorting. Just click on the column header until the little triangle disappears (the states are "sort ascending", "sort descending", "no sorting").


resolv.conf still the same on new network

I had same issue a while back, and it was because the resolvconf package was not install. try to install it using

sudo apt-get install resolvconf

then edit resolvconf file and restart the network via

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

also what does your /etc/network/interfaces file look like?

I also got a tip from this answer in a previous thread similar to yours. https://askubuntu.com/a/58802/49237

  A possible trigger for the seemingly spontaneous updates to
  /etc/resolv.conf is when your DHCP lease is renewed. Check how long
  you get DHCP leases for (this should appear in the system logs, I
  think in /var/log/syslog).

  You can use auditd  to find out what modifies the file. Start the
  daemon (sudo service auditd start) and tell it to watch for
  modifications to that file:

  sudo auditctl -w /etc/resolv.conf -p w
  Audit logs are in
  /var/log/audit/audit.log. You'll see the time the file was modified
  and the name of the program that modified it.

  If you have the resolvconf package installed, Network Manager may be
  stepping on its toes. Try bringing all network interfaces down, then
  stop Network Manager (sudo service network-manager stop), then restart
  it.


First install apparmor-utils and some extra profiles with:

sudo apt-get install apparmor-utils apparmor-profiles

Then run:

sudo aa-genrpof /usr/bin/tomcat

Replacing /usr/bin/tomcat with the location of tomcat's binary. genprof will then search the Apparmor profiles for a Tomcat profile. If it doesn't find one it will generate a profile with aa-autodep.

After setting a profile you will be asked to start the program you are profiling and use it like you normally would. genprof will monitor the logs for rule violations and allow you to tweak the profile based on what happens. It will then reload all relevant profiles.


Network interfaces are not available even during 'late-command'. They are available on the first boot after having done an automated install.

This is why 'ip -o link' will be empty if run during a preseed late-command.

One way to do this is to create a simple systemd unit that runs after the network is ready, then have that adjust interface names and/or netplan configuration.

Example basic service that could be dropped into '/etc/systemd/system':

[Unit]
Description=Run Once
After=network-online.target
Requires=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=simple
EnvironmentFile=
ExecStart=/root/runonce.pl

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

In this example I setup a script to run things a single time, to make an easy method for running one or many scripts that you want to run once right after install. The corresponding runonce.pl:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;

my $folder = "/root/runonce/scripts";
my $donef = "/root/runonce/done";
if( ! -e $donef ) {
    mkdir $donef;
}
my $outputf = "/root/runonce/output";
if( ! -e $outputf ) {
    mkdir $outputf;
}

opendir( my $dh, $folder );
my @files = readdir( $dh );
closedir( $dh );

for my $file ( @files ) {
    next if( $file =~ m/^\.+$/ );
    my $full = "$folder/$file";
    my $done = "$donef/$file";
    my $output = "$outputf/$file";
    my $output2 = "$outputf/$file-error";
    if( -e $done ) {
        unlink $done;
    }
    chmod "0700", $full;
    `$full > $output 2> $output2`;
    rename $full, $done;
}

In order to set everything up from preseed, contents for preseed file:

d-i preseed/late_command string \
    in-target wget -P /etc/systemd/system/ http://10.0.2.2:8001/kickstart/runonce.service; \
    in-target systemctl enable runonce; \
    in-target mkdir /root/runonce/scripts; \
    in-target wget -P /root/runonce/ http://10.0.2.2:8001/kickstart/runonce.pl; \
    in-target chmod +x /root/runonce/runonce.pl; \
    in-target wget -P /root/runonce/scripts/ http://10.0.2.2:8001/kickstart/fixnet.pl

You'll need to adjust this to have a location to fetch the files from. In this example it is querying the gateway IP address of Virtualbox, which in turn then hits a server running on my local desktop.

Example "fixnet.pl" script that is being run after initial install:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;

my @netlines = `ip -o link`;

my $npFile = "/etc/netplan/vbox.yaml";
open( my $npFh, ">$npFile" ) or die "Cannot write to $npFile";

print $npFh "network:\n  version: 2\n  renderer: networkd\n  ethernets:\n";

for my $netline ( @netlines ) {
    if( $netline =~ m/(enp[0-9a-z]+)/ ) {
        my $interface = $1;
        print STDERR "Adding interface $interface to netplan\n";
        print $npFh "    $interface:\n";
        print $npFh "      dhcp4: yes\n";
    }
}

close $npFh;
`netplan apply`;
exit 0;


ugly color for directories in gnome- terminal?

The answer to your question is hidden in the answers to both What do the different colors mean in the terminal? and How do I change the color for directories with ls in the console?

The cause of the green highlighting is because your directories are writable by other (o+w) and not sticky.

So that explains why they  have green highlighting, but you also ask how to remove it.  You say "make it look like the others", by which I assume you mean normal directories.  Open up your ~/.bashrc and append the following to the bottom:

export LS_COLORS="$LS_COLORS:ow=1;34:tw=1;34:"

save the file and then run

source ~/.bashrc

Now they will look the same as any other directory.  Take note though that the system thinks this is information you should be able to see, by doing this you will no longer be able to see it easily.  Consider choosing a different background color from the list here.  I think purple isn't too bad (ow=1;34;45:)

Explanation:

ow stands for 'other, writable', tw is 'sticky, writable' (the other condition that has a green background).  I found these values by examining the contents of $LS_COLORS on my system, looking for values with a background color of 42 (green).  The color code has 3 columns (unused columns are left out):

bold;font-color;bg-color


Xubuntu: Unable to bind arbitrary shortcut keys

This is a bug in Xfce 4.10 and has been reported here. The bug seems to have been fixed in GIT master, so the future 4.12 release shouldn't be affected by this issue. A bugfix release for 4.10 may or may not happen.


After our small conversation in the comments it appears that your problem is you haven't even been able to try installing the included proprietary driver yet, because you can't even run the installer (or, if you do run the installer without the graphics card present, you then cannot boot once you replace the graphics card).

Having virtually the same card as you, I found that for whatever reason, the nouveau drivers supplied with Ubuntu 12.04 just don't seem to work with this card - and don't allow it to boot into X properly (even for the graphical installer).  Interestingly, the nouveau drivers included with Ubuntu 11.10 did work, so not sure what happened.

For the installer CD, there is an easy workaround - at the initial boot screen when the keyboard icon appears, press any key to get a menu, and find the menu option that allows you to boot with the nomodeset option.  Without modesetting enabled, nouveau won't load (which means you'll get ugly, slow graphics, but this is only temporary!).

Since you have already managed to install Ubuntu by running the installer without the graphics card present, you don't need this step.

The next step is that you now need to install the proprietary driver on Ubuntu without being able to boot into X.  You could try installing the package nvidia-current.  This can be done using the command line.  There will be an option in your boot loader to boot to command line - if your boot loader doesn't come up then holding SHIFT while booting should do it.

I can't fully recall, but you may also need to install nvidia-xconfig and run that, to set up your video driver for X after you've installed it.


How to get access to files in hostname/var/www/folder

Establish a [folder] at /var/www

Change the directory owner and group:

sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/[folder]

Allow the group to write to the directory with appropriate permissions:

sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www

Add yourself to the www-data group:

sudo usermod -a -G www-data [user]


We went with the Gigabyte GA-H77M-D3H, which works fine.


Computer noob needs help with video format conversion

Try installing Handbrake from terminal (you can open terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T)

sudo apt-get install handbrake

Then open handbrake from Unity Dash or from terminal by typing ghb

Handbrake is GUI multimedia converter and will definitely do the job.


Ubuntu One login error: "org.freedesktop.secret.collection" doesn't exist


You might be installing some packages which have conflicts with your graphic card. Check what upgrades you're installing, and uncheck those related to graphic acceleration.


Why is PermitRootLogin in sshd_config set to yes by default?

I'm not a member of the Ubuntu Openssh team, so I don't know the real reason, all of this is mere speculation, but...

It is consistent with the policy of making only necessary changes from Debian. It means, if root login is disabled in Ubuntu, you don't gain anything from adding a new difference from upstream, a difference that you will have to manage in every release and update.


Laptop always suspends when lid is closed

Could be this bug or a new one : https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-settings-daemon/+bug/1180513


How to extract first 10pages from each pdf files of a folder

This one liner (split into 2 lines for ease of reading) was tested and works well on my system:

find . -name '*.pdf' -type f -exec bash -c \
'pdftk "$0" cat 3-10 output "${0%.pdf}_3-10.pdf"' {} \;

Simply open a Terminal window in the base folder (the one that contains all of the sub-folders) and copy and paste the entire one line command given above. It will:

Traverse all of the sub-folders and identify all the pdfs
Extract pages 3-10 from each (using your example command)
Give a sensible output filename: the original name with _3-10 added

And this should neatly and economically accomplish your purpose...

Variation:

Optionally you could give a different output location to collect all of the altered pdf documents. For example you could create a folder called ~/extracted and alter the commandline above to the following:

find . -name '*.pdf' -type f -exec bash -c \
'pdftk "$0" cat 3-10 output "~/extracted/${0%.pdf}_3-10.pdf"' {} \;

And thus all of the altered pdf files would appear in ~/extracted.

Endless possibilities :).


Can't find the Eclipse that was installed by Eclipse installer

If you use installer to install the Eclipse, give it an appropriate directory like /opt. After installation you have access to this directory and you can run Eclipse located in the installed directory.

In fact, you could directly download and extract your desired IDE without using the installer.

If you want to give the program a shortcut in launcher follow the instructions in this answer.


Regarding booting Ubuntu 16.04 onto Windows 10

Here is your answer:
adding Windows into the grub in 16.04LTS

if your Windows in /dev/sda2 change the line msdos3 with msdos2 and so on in "40_custom" file.Use "Disks" program in Ubuntu to find where the Windows is.


Do not start bluetooth automaticaly. How to do that?

To deactivate blueooth at startup you can add rfkill block bluetooth in the file /etc/rc.local.
And you can activate bluetooth via the bluetooth applet, if you want.


How can I see what a shell script is doing?

The command you need is tail -f:

tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log
tail -f /var/log/apache2/error.log
tail -f /var/log/syslog

Since I see lampp mentioned here, the location might be in /opt/lampp/logs/php_error_log so:

tail -f /opt/lampp/logs/php_error_log
tail -f /opt/lampp/logs/error_log
tail -f /opt/lampp/logs/access_log


Could Not Connect to Internet Even After Installing wvdial

Found the answer and thought to share it with you guys.

wvdial needs several other packages to be installed, which can be fetched from the Internet. Since, I can't connect to the Internet without modem, I manually downloaded these required packages.

Download the package files from these links (If you're using 64-bit, choose amd64, otherwise i386):

libwvstreams4.6-base http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/libwvstreams4.6-base
libwvstreams4.6-extras http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/libwvstreams4.6-extras
libuniconf4.6 http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/libuniconf4.6
wvdial http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/wvdial

Save them in your home folder. Then install them all using this command

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

Then edit /etc/wvdial.conf using sudo -i gedit /etc/wvdial.conf with the following configurations.

[Dialer Defaults]
Init1 = ATZ
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Modem Type = USB Modem
CBaud = 460800
New PPPD = yes
Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0
ISDN = 0
Phone = #777
Stupid Mode = 1
Password = password-provided-by-your-isp
Username = username-provided-by-your-isp

the Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0 value may be /dev/ttyUSB2 based on which port your device is attached to.


Blank screen trying to boot from CD for install

Try this:

After you boot up and the screen is black for some time press CTRL + ALT + F2 and blindly type the following command and then press ENTER:

setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=00

To get back to your graphical xsession, press CTRL + ALT + F7.

If this fixes your problem, you may need to do the following after installation.

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Edit these two lines

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

to read as follows:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_osi=Linux"

and then run

sudo update-grub

sources

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1742352

and

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2118083


Ubuntu 20.04 Display scale for top bar is broken after nvidia driver update

Here's how i got it resolved. Rather a workaround than a solution, though.
Open a text editor and add following lines:
#!/bin/bash
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 0.99
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 1

In the second line enter whatever value you usually use. Save it as a .sh script (eg. somename.sh) and set it as executable in permissions dialog in file browser (check mark at 'Allow executing file as program'.
Then open the program Startup Applications and add an entry. In the command field enter the path to the .sh file (like /home/USERNAME/somefolder/somename.sh).
So basically what it does is set and reset the font scaling which makes the top bar display the size that you intended.


Can't login to my user account in ubuntu 14.04

I had this exact same issue last night!

1) Enter the terminal (CTRL + ALT + F1)

2) Login with your username & password

3) sudo rm .Xauthority

4) sudo shutdown -r now


Ubuntu 12.10 Gnome 3 Login Screen Bad position

Finally I found the solution!

It is in the answer of this question How to change the screen resolution for the gdm login screen


Backup one internal drive to another internal drive

Given the fact that your original disk was failing I would recommend against dumping the old disk to the new one. I would just copy the files that I need from the old one and that's that.

If you still want to copy the old drive to the new one this is what I would do:

Connect both disks at the same time to the same computer
Boot with an Ubunutu CD/DVD
Find out which drive is the old one and which one is the new one. Probably one will be /dev/sda and the other will be /dev/sdb. YOU MUST CHECK THIS properly or you will risk erasing all your data.
Open a console and type this command (change /dev/sda and /dev/sdb to where your disks are; this example assumes that sda is the old disk and sdb is the new drive):

dd if=/dev/sda conv=sync,noerror bs=64K of=/dev/hda

If you cannot connect both drives at the same time, you will need an external drive (or network drive) where you will store the disk image:

Boot with an Ubunutu CD/DVD
Connect the external drive/network drive
Find out which drive is the old one and what folder is the external drive mounted to. Probably the drive will be /dev/sda and the other will be something like /media/user/XXXXXX. YOU MUST CHECK THIS properly or you will risk erasing all your data.
To make the backup open a console and type these commands (change /dev/sda and /media/user/XXXXXX to where your disks are; this example assumes that sda is the old disk and /media/user/XXXXXX is a mounted backup directory):

dd if=/dev/sda conv=sync,noerror bs=64K | gzip -c  > /media/user/XXXXXX/sda.img.gz

fdisk -l /dev/sda > /media/user/XXXXXX/sda_fdisk.info

Remove the old disk and plug the new one in, boot to an Ubuntu CD/DVD and enter this command:

gunzip -c /media/user/XXXXXX/sda.img.gz | dd of=/dev/sda conv=sync,noerror bs=64K

File /media/user/XXXXXX/sda_fdisk.info will contain some interesting information, such as cylinder size, etc, in case you need them.

You can see more information regarding this issue here:
http://debianhelp.co.uk/ddcommand.htm


Were the semi-maximize hotkeys removed? (Xenial)

Your question is semi-related  to Ctrl + Super + left/right not working in Ubuntu16.04 from two days ago. Your question is: Were these shortcuts removed?  The answer is no , they were not. I'm using Ubuntu with Unity 16.04 and these shortcuts work perfectly fine.

So what exactly is happening ? As I've mentioned in the answer to that very same post linked above, your Grid plugin (which was used from way back in time) probably got disabled, and you need to check it in the CompizConfig Settings Manager.

There's no exact reason that I know for the plugins to be randomly disabled, but it does happen and sometimes  too much stuff gets disabled. This is up to developers of Unity and Compiz to figure out,though.


How can I tell that apparmor is working?

To know the status of your app-armor , type this command in your terminal.

sudo apparmor_status

for example , sample output:

To give working performance of Apparmor I think there is no Measurement tool.As I know we have to detect it by the things happening around with your PC I mean something abnormal.


Can LTS releases result in getting "stuck" without a way to upgrade?

The situation can occur on ANY release of Ubuntu, since a stuck/broken apt is usually caused by the human's folly.
By far, the most common causes of a stuck/broken apt are third-party (non-Ubuntu) repositories, PPAs, wrong-version repositories, and/or manually downloaded packages.
The most common cause of stuck-by-a-missed release is that you clicked "do not remind me again" when the system DID prompt you that a newer release of Ubuntu is available. That also counts as human folly.
Avoid those, and you won't have a stuck apt.
If you are using a 32-bit (i386) version of Ubuntu 18.04, you won't get upgrade prompts for 20.04 or newer releases. Ubuntu has dropped the 32-bit Desktop stack since 18.04. However, you should simply get a notification from this case instead of a stuck/broken apt. 32-bit libs for steam and wine and other cases continue to be upgraded normally on 64-bit (amd64) systems.

If you can reproduce a stuck/broken apt on a stock install of Ubuntu using only packages in the correct version of the Ubuntu repositories (and without using --force), please file a bug report so we can fix it.

If you can reproduce system-never-prompted-me-to-upgrade on a stock install of the previous release (that is still supported), then please file a bug report. The Ubuntu developers definitely want to know, step-by-step, how you accomplished that.

Apt provides lots of troubleshooting output. Advice: Read it. Every time.


What are the main differences between Ubuntu Desktop and Ubuntu Touch?

The desktop currently runs Unity 7 on top of Compiz and X.org

Mobile runs Unity 8 on top of Mir.

Almost everything else is the same.  Soon, desktop will also be Unity 8 and Mir, then there will be no difference.


Ubuntu 12.10 Nvidia Geforce 320M Macbook (Mid 2010 - white clamshell)

The nvidia driver works in BIOS compatibility mode, but not EFI mode.

If you want to boot in BIOS compatibility mode you can either:

Download the 'amd64+mac' version of Ubuntu (from cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/)
Switch from grub-efi to grub-pc.

I've posted my xorg.conf file, which works in BIOS compatibility mode.

http://pastebin.com/cGNZTVWk


Which laptop make has the greatest ubuntu support at the moment?

Well, I for one think that the best Ubuntu laptops are System76. The customer service is outstanding, everything works out of the box and you have 3 different models to choose from and configure the specs at your personal taste. Quality/price is the best out there. Try to find the same specs for same price with other major vendors (dell, HP, etc...).

I am a proud owner of a System76 system and can truly tell you that you won't be disappointed. I am actually thinking in buying my second device (a 14' laptop for travelling).

Hope this is what you are looking for. They have a support forum if you have doubts and their support staff is very active there.

Enjoy!


Ubuntu 12.10 Help! Everything is incredibly slow

For older machines with very little ram, you may find Xubuntu or Lubuntu fits better.  As an alternative, consider getting some more recent hardware.  Often times large companies resell 2 year old computers quite cheap.


Why doesn't the Ubuntu ISO burned to a CD or copied to a USB work on my Mac?

Assuming you're burning/writing it correctly according to these instructions...

How to burn a DVD on OS X
How to create a bootable USB stick on OS X

...the problem might be that you're using the wrong ISO image.

What is different about the Mac ISO image?

So, if you're trying to install the 64-bit version of Ubuntu on a Mac, you should use the special ISO image for that purpose. It is called the 64-bit Mac (AMD64) desktop CD.

For Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, you can get it here.
For Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, you can get it here.
For Ubuntu 11.10, you can get it here.
For Ubuntu 11.04, you can get it here.


I found a PDF programme i Ubuntu where i can downscale the file a bit so the margin problem is solved if I use a 95% scaled version and print that it looks very nice. The guitarpro people are ignoring this problem, the "support" is not supportive.

http://getsatisfaction.guitar-pro.com/arobas_music/topics/cannot_print_in_ubuntu_12_04

View print in guitar pro 6 does not look good in 100% using 200 % is very OK, se graphics below:
http://gratisupload.dk/vis_billede/680146/

I just realized GP6 is not worth buying, tabledit under wine works much better its low priced and intuitive. The GP6 does not do 64 bits.


Ubuntu 12.10 is compatible with an Intel HD 4000 integrated video card?

I'm using 12.10 in i945G (GMA 950), older than GMA 4000 and still running smoothly. So why don't you try it with live cd first?


I've installed Ubuntu 10.04 LAMP server. Where do I best create folders to put my websites?

That depends a lot on what you think is good.

Personally i have two lamp's running several sites and they use the following setup:

/var/www/domain.tld/subdomaine
/var/www/domain.tld/subdomaine-log

Real life example:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin hostmaster@sourcelab.dk
    ServerName sourcelab.dk
    ServerAlias www.sourcelab.dk *.sourcelab.dk

    DocumentRoot /var/www/sourcelab.dk/www
    <Directory />
            Options FollowSymLinks
            AllowOverride None
    </Directory>

    <Directory /var/www/sourcelab.dk/www>
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
            AllowOverride All
            Order allow,deny
            allow from all
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog /var/www/sourcelab.dk/www-log/error.log

    # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
    # alert, emerg.
    LogLevel warn

    CustomLog /var/www/sourcelab.dk/www-log/access.log combined
    ServerSignature On
</VirtualHost>

If you use this setup it might be a good idea to alter /etc/logrotate.d/apache2 just prepend lines like this "/var/www/sourcelab.dk/www-log/*.log" to the file.

/var/www/sourcelab.dk/www-log/*.log
/var/log/apache2/*.log {
    weekly
    missingok
    rotate 52
    compress
    delaycompress
    notifempty
    create 640 root adm
    sharedscripts
    postrotate
            if [ -f "`. /etc/apache2/envvars ; echo ${APACHE_PID_FILE:-/var/run/apache2.pid}`" ]; then
                    /etc/init.d/apache2 reload > /dev/null
            fi
    endscript
}

This will make logrotate rotate the log-files once a week and keep a backlog of 52 times one week. This will help you avoid filling your HDD with logfiles and it helps you if you ever need something from the logfiles. I recently trawled through a 5GB postfix mail logfile... NOT FUN!


Why don't I see Lollypop in the sound indicator menu?

It was a bug, that just got fixed.

The desktop file for Lollypop is org.gnome.Lollypop.desktop and not lollypop.desktop. This should be in the interested-media-players list of the com.canonical.indicator.sound schema (check with dconf-editor).

An update is already in the ppa repository.


Run gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub Set GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT to the number of seconds you want to have to press shift before it starts booting and take the hash # mark out of in front of it. Save the file and the changes will be applied next time you boot.


Parts of this answer comes from Setting microphone input volume using the command line?, placed here for your convenience.

Increase volume by 5%

amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%+

Decrease volume by 5%

amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%-

Set volume to 50%

amixer -D pulse sset Master 50%

  If you are using ALSA, amixer can be helpful for your script
  programming.

  When dropping the amixer --help command in a terminal you will see
  something like this:

  Depending on your soundcard, levels may be different than mine, but
  you can use alsamixer in the terminal in order to check which levels
  and which features in your sound card you can call in a command to set
  the volume as you wish.

  In my example, with my principal sound card (I have 2: the embedded
  and a PCI audio card), levels are from 0 to 100, this way I can change
  the volume of a desired input/output in my soundcard by dropping in a
  terminal the next command:

amixer -c 0 set Front 50DB
amixer -c 0 set Front 64DB

  In the first command, the result will set the Front panel output to
  78% level and the second one will set the Front panel output to 100%
  level.

  In order to gather information related to your mixer controls, drop
  the amixer command with no parameters and you will get a list. Or
  indicate which audio device you wish to see a list of controls with
  amixer -c X (where "X" is the number of your audio device).

  BTW: Remember that DB values are calculated logarithmically and not
  linearly.

Remember that this command allow you to control parameters on whatever sound device you are currently using.

Good luck!


When will fglrx work on latest Xorg server 1.9?

The version of fglrx found in Ubuntu 10.10 does support Xserver 1.9, the version of the X server in Ubuntu 10.10.  Your problem is due to something else.


How to tell which parameter is being supplied to a command with a redirectioin operator?

You are using two different things here and should be using a third. Let's see:

| : This is the pipe operator, it serves to pass the output of one process as input to another:

foo | bar

This runs the program foo and passes its output as input to the program bar.
>,<,>> and <<: These are the redirection operators, they serve to send data to/from files:

foo > bar : runs the program foo and saves its output to the file bar, overwriting1 its contents and creating it if it does not exist.
foo >> bar : runs the program foo and saves its output to the file bar, appending to its contents and creating it if it does not exist.
foo < bar :  runs foo, telling it to read input from the file bar.
The << is a special case, since there is no point in "appending" input to a command,  the << is primarily (exclusively AFAIK) used for Here Documents:

$ cat << EOF > file.txt
> Hello World!
> EOF

The construct << SomeStringHere > Out.file will redirect all text written until it encounters the ending string (EOF in the example above) to the target file. Here docs allow you to easily format multi-line strings and include variables and special characters.

The <<< operator, the Here String, is like a Here Document but it expands variables. So, for example:

grep foo <<< "$bar"

The command above is equivalent to echo "$bar" | grep foo.
What you are actually looking for is called process substitution and is another way to pass the output of a command to another. It consists of <(command).

foo <(bar)

So, for your at example, you could do

at now < <(echo "notify-send HELLO")

The above works because process substitution actually creates a file (read the link above for more details) and it is the file descriptor of that file that is passed with < to at now.

1 The default behavior is to overwrite, this can be modified by setting the noclobber option to bash. If set, echo foo > bar will fail if bar exists. In that case, it can be forced using echo foo |> bar instead. See section 3.6.2 here.


Using e-acute but not s-acute (on Keyboard USA International w/ dead keys)

There is one more keyboard: US international with altGr dead keys. IIRC you can then use altGr for accented letters and the normal alt for 's.

If you want to keep this layout the Layout description states it is common use to type a space between the ' and s.


Disable default autostart scripts via console commands

With the Help of @muru I found a solution.

Besides ~/.config/autostart/ and ~/Desktop/Autostart/, there is a third Folder, /etc/xdg/autostart/ with scripts. I ended up just deleting the ones that I do not need.

To be exact, I used this command as root to disable the Update Notifier:

rm -f /etc/xdg/autostart/update-notifier.desktop


Installing 3rd party C library. Several errors I've had before whose fixes aren't the solution this time

Makefile:2357: recipe for target 'libigraph.la' failed

Line 2357 : That's a missing "libxml2-dev" :

sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libgmp-dev zlib1g-dev

Note : The igraph library is not a 3party library. Is just one of the ~100,000 pieces of open source code / libraries / applications. (The license is "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE".)


You could do the following in GNU awk - with a 2D array:
$ gawk '
  BEGIN {
    OFS=FS="\t"
  }
  NR==1 {
    print "h1","h2","h3","h4","h5","h6","h7"
    next
  }
  {
    a[$1 FS $2 FS $3][$4] = $5
  }
  END {
    PROCINFO["sorted_in"] = "@ind_str_asc"
    for (k in a) {
      print k, a[k]["h4"],a[k]["h5"], a[k]["h6"], a[k]["h7"]
}
  }
' file
h1      h2      h3      h4      h5      h6      h7
a       b       c       true    false
a       b       d       false
m       n       o                       true    false
p       q       r       true


installing pd-extended in 14.04 says requires installation of untrusted packages and crashes software center

You have omitted a space in the first apt-key. Compare it to the second. Damn that pesky whitespace. Also, stacktrace formatting probably munged the ticks out of the first line

So, here it is corrected for all us copypastas:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://apt.puredata.info/releases `lsb_release -c | awk '{print $2}'` main"

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key 9f0fe587374bbe81

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key D63D3D09C39F5EEB
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pd-extended

Worked for me.


Is it possible to recover data from a file-system that has been converted from NTFS to ext4?

It may be by Testdisk

It can navigate, where the deleted files were, and copy them off.

Open your terminal and install testdisk by given below command

sudo apt-get install testdisk
sudo photorec

Thank You :)


Flash Video in full screen system failure

OK. So, constant digging has actually yielded some results. In order to get the full screen option working (requiring GPU scaling and thus video acceleration) requires VDPAU installed.

Tried the method listed here: http://linuxforums.org.uk/index.php?topic=4232.0 and after restarting the apps it seems to have settled the issue out and I have not had a new incident since installing. Also I have been running video for 10 minutes without issue. Hope this proves useful to someone later. Thanks for the help troubleshooting.


Oracle Java plugin not recognized by Firefox 35.0.1

Delete pluginreg.dat in the profile folder. Instructions for finding this folder can be found at  https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/use-java-plugin-to-view-interactive-content.


Is there a simple way to configure apt-get to optimize downloads using a lan apt-mirror when available?

There are 4 steps to setting up your own repository

Install dpkg-dev
Put the packages in a directory
Create a script that will scan the packages and create a file apt-get update can read
Add a line to your sources.list pointing at your repository

Install dpkg-dev

Open a terminal:

sudo apt-get install dpkg-dev

The Directory

Create a directory to keep your packages. For this example, we'll be using /usr/local/lan-repo.

sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/lan-repo

Now move all your packages into that new directory.

Packages that have been downloaded already are usually stored on your system in /var/cache/apt/archives. If you have installed apt-cacher you will most likely have additional packages stored in the apt-cacher/packages directory.

Create a script named update-lan-repo

It's a very simple three line script:

#! /bin/bash
cd /usr/local/lan-repo
sudo dpkg-scanpackages . /dev/null | gzip -9c > packages.gz

Copy and paste the above into your favorite text editor, and save it as update-lan-repo in ~/bin. (~ means the home directory. If ~/bin doesn't exist already then create it. Ubuntu will automatically put that directory in your PATH. This makes it a good place to put personal scripts.)

Now let's make the script executable:

chmod u+x ~/bin/update-lan-repo

Here's how the script works:

dpkg-scanpackages looks at all the packages in lan-repo, and the output is compressed and written to the file packages.gz, which apt-get update can read (see below for a reference that explains this in full detail). /dev/null is an empty file - that is - it's a makeshift for an override file which holds some additional information about the packages, which in our case is not really needed. See deb-override(5) if you want to find out more about it.

We need to add your local repo to your sources.list file

echo "deb file:/usr/local/lan-repo ./" >> /etc/apt/sources.list

and that's it you're done.

CD/DVD Option

You can store the directory containing the .deb file to a CD/DVD and use that as a repository as well (good for sharing between computers). To use the CD as a repository:

simply run the command:

sudo apt-cdrom add

using the new repository.

Then whenever you store a new debian package in the lan-repo directory, run:

sudo update-lan-repo
sudo apt-get update

Now your local packages can be manipulated with Synaptic, aptitude and the apt commands: apt-get, apt-cache, etc. When you attempt to apt-get install, any dependencies will be resolved for you, as long as they can be met.


what is the grub customizer app and how is it used to handle different operating systems?

Grub Customizer is a graphical interface to configure the GRUB2/BURG settings and menuentries.

Features:

move, remove or rename menuentries (they stey updatable by update-grub)
edit the contents of menuentries or create new ones (internally it edits the 40_custom)
support for GRUB2 and BURG
reinstallation of the bootloader to MBR
settings like default operating system, kernel params, background image and text colors etc.
changing the installed operating system by running on a live cd


Delete a user and all files owned by this user

You will have to manually find files, which probably was what deluser would do.

Please note --remove-all-files is not the same as rm -r /home/user. The latter only removes the homedir (which may include files not owned by that user, although not usual), the former removes all files owned by that user from the system. At least if the manpage is to be trusted.

GNU find has a -user test, so you can do find / -user xxx to find all files owned by user xxx. xxx would be the user name, and can (and in this case will have to, as the user no longer exists) be the user's numeric ID. find also has a -delete option, so

find / -user xxx -delete

Should do it, although I've not tested the command with all the options at the same time.

EDIT: Numeric ID: The reason why I said you have to use a numeric ID is because, as you already deleted the user, his entry in /etc/passwd was deleted (it had, along with other stuff, the user ID, along with his username).

So, if you didn't remove his homedir, one of the easiest ways is to just query for the ID of the owner of that homedir:

stat -c %u /home/user/

(stat is a tool to read filesystem data. -c %u tells stat how to write its output, here I'm asking it to simply output the user ID)

If you like one-liners, you can even chain both commands:

find / -user $(stat -c %u /home/user/) -delete

(Of course you may prefer to run it first with no -delete to make sure there's nothing you want to keep, and to catch any mistake you've made writing the rest of the command. Mistakes when doing recursive deletion operations on / are not for the faint of heart.)


Does it warn you that you have [...] unmet dependencies ?
I had a similar issue, and tried reinstall. However, the install failed. I tried to update my repositories and upgrade. If you try the same, and upgrading fails run this command in your terminal and try run update + upgrade again.

sudo apt-get -f install

Hope this helps


Printers setting disappeared, cannot manage printers, ubuntu 14.04

Please verify if system-config-printer-gnome is installed. It provides the config-gui you are missing.

By standard you can access your cupsbackend also via http://localhost:631/admin


Try:

Arista Transcoder (Seems to be specially for devices like ipods/phones etc.)
WinFF (GUI for FFMPEG)
OggConvert (Converts to free formats)

These can all be found in the Ubuntu Software Centre.
EDIT: Arista is probably the best of these as it has a preset for the ipad.


Texmaker Shortcuts not working on Ubuntu 16.10

Running

    sudo env UBUNTU_MENUPROXY= texmaker

worked for me!


How can I make a symbolic link to run a program with command line argument?

For this use case, I would recommend writing a shell script instead, e.g.

#!/bin/sh
sample -i eth0

Then save the script in /usr/local/bin as e.g. mySample, make it runnable with chmod +x mySample. And there you go :)


How to get expandable list items back in Nautilus?

Go to Edit, Preferences, Display tab and check the box at List View which says Navigate folders in a tree


Based on the Wikipedia article this is a VoIP solution that doesn't support linux (and apparently it also got lots of criticism about privacy issues).

Maybe you can switch to another VoIP provider indstead?  Most VoIP providers that use SIP (the standard protocol for VoIP) work fine with open source applications used in Ubuntu, and there are also hardware-based SIP solutions.  (And of course there is also Skype.)


My ubuntuone is broken, what is the problem?

Are the only lines in ~/.cache/ubuntuone/log/syncdaemon.log look like

$date - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.VM.MD - DEBUG - metadata version: 6
$date - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.fsm - INFO - loading updated metadata

If yes, then this may be the result of the following:

A lot of metadata files/folders in ~/.local/share/syncdaemon/fsm leading to syncdaemon startup taking more than 2 minutes - bug LP:683116.

You may want to cleanup syncdaemon directories by running the following command while syncdaemon is not running. The first one will give you the info about how many directories can be cleaned up:

find ~/.local/share/ubuntuone/syncdaemon -depth -type d -empty | wc -l

And this one will delete empty directories:

find ~/.local/share/ubuntuone/syncdaemon -depth -type d -empty -delete

After that running the first command should return 0 as the amount of directories. Subsequent starts should be faster.


How can I have the HOME directory for one user on an external drive?

As the user, or as root, you can use "Users & Groups" settings dialog (search for it using the dash) to accomplish this:

Users & Groups --> Select the user --> Properties --> Advanced --> Home Directory

Note that you must move/copy the data to the external drive manually first, and then use the settings dialog to point it there.

You can also achieve this using usermod on the command line (as root or the user):

usermod --home /path/to/external/drive --move-home USERNAME

where USERNAME is the name of the user whose folder you want to move. Note that --move-home moves the data of the folder for you, so unlike the method using the settings dialog, you will not have to do this yourself.


Internet works perfectly - except Google

After seeing the information, the only thing that struck my mind is that if you are using wired connection you should shut down the wireless. When you are using both connections against the same router, the system gets confused. This method should only be used if you have both input/output from the internet separated.

If you don't use wireless when you are connected using the wired connection you should be fine.


Kernel Install Issue: New USB Device Found, Product: USB Optical Mouse Repeating

If this does not happen with the official kernel (currently 4.4.0-28), you have your answer.

Mainline kernels are not 100% compatible with Ubuntu, they are not recommended and they should not be installed unless there are certain hardware issues the official kernel does not support.

Additionally, mainline kernels lack the image-extra package which contains drivers released by Canonical.


AMD CPU + Nvidia GPU on a fresh Ubuntu 20.04 system

First you need to install kernel >=5.8 unless Renoir architecture will not work : you will find this here https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/MainlineBuilds or easy graphical use from ppa : https://github.com/bkw777/mainline.
Install this 5.8.* kernel first and nvidia driver second.
Second you need Nvidia 450 driver as describe below.
On a clean installation (with no xorg.conf and other options given on others places to xorg) do :
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update sudo
sudo apt dist-upgrade
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-450

After reboot you will be able to launch programs on the Nvidia card with the prefix
__NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD=1 __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME=nvidia
__ means _ _ without space.
For example try
$ __NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD=1 __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME=nvidia glxinfo | egrep "(OpenGL vendor|OpenGL renderer|OpenGL version)"

You should get something like this but with your graphical card (I have geforce 1660) :
$ OpenGL vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation
$ OpenGL renderer string: GeForce GTX 1660 Ti/PCIe/SSE2
$ OpenGL version string: 4.6.0 NVIDIA 450.66

Ans without the prefix, your integrated GPU will be used
$ glxinfo | egrep "(OpenGL vendor|OpenGL renderer|OpenGL version)"
$ OpenGL vendor string: X.Org
$ OpenGL renderer string: AMD RENOIR (DRM 3.38.0, 5.8.8-050808-generic, LLVM 10.0.0)
$ OpenGL version string: 4.6 (Compatibility Profile) Mesa 20.0.8

I don't know how to get the "On-Demand" work but only manually launch.
More information here :
https://us.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/450.57/README/primerenderoffload.html
EDIT : the "On-Demand" is only manuel launch on demand from the eGPU. In linux there is no automatic as in windows.


Automate taking a screnshot and sending the image to Inkscape

You could script this with scrot, e.g.:

scrot 'Screenshot_%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S.png' -szb -e 'inkscape $f'

This would create a screenshot in your home directory and open it in Inkscape. To bind the command to a key follow the instructions in this Q&A.

Some further detail on the options used:

%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S: This will expand to <year>-<month>-<day>_<hour>-<minute>-<second>
-sb: Interactively select screenshot area / click on a window to capture it in its entirety
-z: silent mode, don't beep
-e 'inkscape $f': open screenshot in Inkscape

If you only want to perform simple edits to your screenshots you might want to use Shutter instead. It's a fully featured screenshot capturing solution with  an inbuilt editor and image uploader.


Try running sudo apt-get -f install. If this doesn't work you might have to install the packages that are missing manually. However, you could also try adding 3rd party repositories, maybe they serve the packages on ther servers.


Why does a clicked on application not move to the foreground?

I believe the options for what I want to happen are selected, but for some reason unity doesn't use them properly (this may have something to do with upgrading from 12.04 instead of using a clean install). I had this problem with alt+click after upgrading, even though I changed the setting so it worked on 12.04. I went into the dconf editor, twiddled some settings but ultimately didn't change them, and now clicking on a window works as expected.

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

Now run dconf Editor, and navigate to the relevant settings:

org->gnome->desktop->wm->preferences

Now change "focus mode" and "raise-on-click" to something and then set them back to default.


How do I add a qrc file to my Ubuntu Touch qml project?

You can manage resource files with the Qt resource system, but it's only meant to be use for applications mixing QML AND C++, not for projects started as simple Touch UI:

  The Qt resource system allows resource files to be stored as
  binary files in an application executable. This can be useful when
  building a mixed QML/C++ application as it enables QML files (as well
  as other resources such as images and sound files) to be referred to
  through the resource system URI scheme rather than relative or
  absolute paths to filesystem resources.

For projects only made of QML files, the way to use images resource is by using relative paths in your QML application, e.g:

Image {
    anchors.fill: parent
    source: "../../svg/test.svg"
}

All images files will be included automatically by the <My_project>.qmlproject file.


I have overcame the issue by downloading the static build from the link mentioned at ffmpeg.org. Just a note (for beginners) that you need to run it with with ./ffmpeg rather than just ffmpeg while being in the directory.

Still, I would like to know how to fix the distro's package's deps.

Edit: The system's packaged ffmpeg works again in 17.10.


Main sound device disappears after resuming from sleep mode

The following fixed the problem for me.
Edit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf. Add:
options snd-hda-intel probe_mask=1

Reboot.
Based on Comment 3 for bug 1826868 by Hui Wang.


How do I check whether I'm using two different version of cmake?

cmake --debug-output

Will show you where is the cmake that it's using.


How can i install only ubuntu on my ssd and keeps my hdd untouched?

This is easy. During install, do not allow automatic partition. You will see icon where you can designate disk drive, create partitions. You can be sure second drive is not altered.

If you are a beginner, I suggest do not choose LVM, just standard partitions. Make at least 3 partitions, one for / , /home, and /boot. These are called mount points in the installer. I would use ext4 format for drives, old standard. Some programs like Dropbox will require ext4.

The /boot partition may be unnecessary. Or it may be created automatically by ubuntu if it is a uefi install. In old days, boot partition was required always, now maybe it need not always be separate. The / partition should be around 30 or 50 GB. / is "everything" except files you put in /home or such. You want /home separate so you can erase OS and keep your docs. Almost always new users will erase OS and try again. If you make a boot partition, it should be big enough to hold 2-3 kernels.  I would guess 7GB is ample. You want to keep several kernels. In case the there is trouble with an update, you can reboot and choose previous versions.


What is the easiest way to zgrep certain pattern?

Probably grouping is your friend here

zgrep -E '/(Oct|Nov|Dec)/2014|/(Jan|Feb|Mar)/2015'

so something like

find . -type f -name 'access_log*' -exec zgrep -E '/(Oct|Nov|Dec)/2014|/(Jan|Feb|Mar)/2015' {} +


Should I report a bug on Ubuntu's bug tracker or on the upstream's?

I think it would be important to note that before posting the bug upstream, one must be sure of this:

it's not a Ubuntu/Debian-specific feature/patch causing this
it's not present in the latest stable upstream release (which might not be available as a package)

Developers upstream aren't too keen on debugging stuff that has been altered by a third party. Similar to asking for support at the factory while you bought a product from a reseller/retailer which has repackaged it.

Therefore, I would recommend posting it on the Ubuntu bug tracker only first in case you're in doubt. In case this is an upstream bug, Ubuntu developers can decide on (back)porting the fix in the version in Ubuntu like all regular bug fixes.

If, some time later, you're able to find evidence that other distributions (other than Debian-derivatives) suffer from this as well, or a Ubuntu developer can point out it is not a packaging issue, then you can open an upstream bug report including a link to the Launchpad bug report. Launchpad is able to track several major external bug reporting systems, so the information can be linked, rather than completely independent.

Either way, a bug report on Ubuntu's bug tracker might help indirectly in decision making for the Ubuntu developers. Suppose case tons of "hot" bug reports for application X come in after Ubuntu release Y to include this, then it's a good way of evaluating the decision on replacing X as a default application or for future decisions.

My conclusion to this is: start by filing a bug on Ubuntu's bug tracker and only post upstream if you have evidence to support it's not Debian/Ubuntu-specific.


Disk going from near empty to full in one day no obvious explanation: how to diagnose

If the disk space is always freed after reboot that most likely means that the space is used up by some unlinked files. Unlinked files are deleted = unlinked from the file system, but a process still keeps them open, so the disk space used up by such a file is not freed until the process releases the file. The process holding the unlinked file may also keep writing to the file and using up more and more disk space undetectable in the file system.

To view unlinked files and the process which holds them you can use lsof. Until a long time I always used some grep-ing on the lsof output to view the unlinked files, but a while ago I found this super answer on how to view unlinked files easily. You just have to use

lsof +L1

as this will list all open files which have link count less than 1, hence they are unlinked.

So use lsof +L1 and check if there are a lot of files or big files unlinked on your machine, you will also see which process holds them.


Save & Open Dialog - file order is now alphabetical, don't know why (edited)

In both standard open/save dialogs, and in the Nautilus file manager, the process is the same... click on the column title to sort ascending/descending by that column. Clicking the column title a second time flips its sort up/down.

If you're not able to do this, the application that you're using may use its own special open/save dialog code that you can't change.

update:

In Nautilus file manager, to alpha sort and put folders before individual files, open a Nautilus window, go to the Preferences menu, and select "Sort folders before files".


MyUnity allows you to make many customizations to Unity including changing the Dash size. OMGUbuntu has several good articles here

EDIT

You may be able to find info here for editing the configuration directly. I'm not at my Ubuntu box right now, so I can't tell you if gconfeditor has settings for the Dash's size.


Speed up LILO boot, takes about 10 minutes

I took the laptop out of the drawer after a while and replugged the SSD and ... that solved the issue. I have no idea why this only affected booting, but in the end it was just a bad connection.

So if you ever have a similar problem, make sure to unplug and replug every single cable.


Cool question!

There is no easy way that I know of. However, you could set up a script running this command:

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme

will return the current theme:

'Adwaita'

(I'm on GNOME).

So this is the script:

#! /bin/bash

pretheme="$(gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme)"

while :
do
    ctheme="$(gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme)"
    if [ "$ctheme" = "$pretheme" ]
    then
      echo "nochange"
    else
      wallch --changetheme
    fi
    pretheme="$(gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme)"
    sleep 10
done


How to send All-Notes-Off ALSA MIDI Event?

According to the crash course on the midi specification you simply send an event 'Z' with an all notes off which is explained as 00 B0 7B 00

00 to indicate no time delay
B0 to send a midi control signal
7B to send an all notes off
00 does nothing (padding)

You can see a list of midi control bytes here: MIDI Controller Numbers

Happy hunting!


How can you refresh VPN to How it Was Before Corruption?

The following PPA has a backport of network-manager-l2tp-1.2.16-1 from Debian sid which should fix this issue :

https://launchpad.net/~nm-l2tp/+archive/ubuntu/network-manager-l2tp

For others reading this issue, it is related to a wrong PSK being used because a transient PSK file from another VPN connection that missed out on getting deleted was used. The upstream bug report is:

https://github.com/nm-l2tp/NetworkManager-l2tp/issues/112

Another change with new network-manager-l2tp-1.2.16-1 version is that for most VPN servers, you shouldn't need to fill in the Phase 1 & 2 algorithms anymore. It now uses a merge of proposals from Win10 and macOS/iOS/iPadOS L2TP/IPsec clients instead of using the libreswan or strongswan default set of proposals. The weakest proposals that weren't common to both Win10 and iOS were dropped, but all of the strongest ones were kept.


ppa's are not official means of software distribution. As such, they are up to whomever created them to maintain the releases they wish to support.

In this case, the ondrej/php ppa does not include Wily packages. You'll need to upgrade to 16.04 if you wish to use this PPA or compile php 7.0 yourself (not recommended)


Locating a file without knowing its name, only its content?

Via find and grep

I don't use grep -r because in POSIX systems, you don't find -r parameter for grep.

find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep 'your_email_address' {} \;

Or

find . -type f -exec grep -l -- 'your_email_address' +

There are many possibilities.

The command finds all files in the current folder and subfolders and passes the result to grep. grep finds the files with your_email_address.


Evince is a GTK+ PDF and PS viewer to replace gpdf/xpdf/acroread and ggv, and it's open source. Using mozplugger you can embed all sorts of stuff into Mozilla and/or Firefox like media players and openoffice.

First make sure you have Evince and mozplugger installed.

Now open up~/.mozilla/mozpluggerrc in your favorite text editor. Here's how to do it with gedit Press Alt + Ctrl + T and paste

gedit ~/.mozilla/mozpluggerrc

Wherever you see this:

application/pdf: pdf: PDF file
application/x-pdf: pdf: PDF file
text/pdf: pdf: PDF file
text/x-pdf: pdf: PDF file

and

application/x-postscript: ps: PostScript file
application/postscript: ps: PostScript file

add this on the next line:

repeat noisy swallow(evince) fill: evince "$file"

Close Firefox and Thats it!

HERE mine :

application/pdf: pdf: PDF file
application/x-pdf: pdf: PDF file
text/pdf: pdf: PDF file
text/x-pdf: pdf: PDF file
application/x-postscript: ps: PostScript file
application/postscript: ps: PostScript file
    repeat noisy swallow(evince) fill: evince "$file"

# Also load the default configuration
sinclude(/etc/mozpluggerrc)

Note : this plug-ins embed MPlayer Totem OpenOffice ... Too


Ubuntu not installing. Stuck at black blank screen

Disable FastBoot, QuickBoot and Intel Smart Response Technology in your BIOS. When booting press the hotkey for boot device selection (should be F9 for your device). Select the UEFI Ubuntu boot entry.

A good page to get more info about UEFI is UEFI Community Help Wiki


You must open a Console using next keys: CTRL + ALT +  T change file to execute permission using next command: chmod a+x /path/to/nvidia/driver then from console: /path/to/nvidia/driver

Also you need to stop the GUI (Desktop) before install the driver :
CTRL + ALT +  F1  for GDM3 use: sudo /etc/init.d/gdm3 stop or for Lightdm: sudo /etc/init.d/lightdm stop then run the install: sudo /path/to/nvidia/driver


Ubuntu 18.04 curl returns SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL

So this was a complete ID-10T error.  I was putting in https:// in the https_proxy env.  cntlm doesn't do https... changed it to http:// and everything works now.


How to enable mnemonics in 12.04 and/or 14.04 GTK3?

Looks like GTK+-3 lost the "gtk-auto-mnemonics" setting after version 3.8 (starting from version 3.10 on).

The following patch for 3.14.4 should re-enable "gtk-auto-mnemonics". It will probably also work with other GTK+-3 versions like 3.16. After compiling, you'll only need these files (first two are symlinks):

libgtk-3.so -> libgtk-3.so.0.1400.4
libgtk-3.so.0 -> libgtk-3.so.0.1400.4
libgtk-3.so.0.1400.4

http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/gtk+/3.14/gtk+-3.14.4.tar.xz

You can easily start using the compiled stuff by this (replace lib64 with lib if necessary):

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/folder/where/you/installed/lib64 file-roller

-

Don't know why, but it looks like the GTK+ developers became really great in removing code which provided useful features like this...!!!

If any GTK+ developer reads this: How did those code-lines hurt anyone or why where they removed???

If someone's interested in the original commit:

https://github.com/GNOME/gtk/commit/7e3a494fac62140f466fc43f6cc061215953e9b1
https://github.com/GNOME/gtk/commit/7e3a494fac62140f466fc43f6cc061215953e9b1.patch

Looks like the GTK+ people had a feature-remove run at that time:

https://github.com/GNOME/gtk/commit/425e977bb65a52c05fbc2b643acf32aec4bc477f
https://github.com/GNOME/gtk/commit/7b66956e63f4cd85fc72bf51778596c9b1b83c28

==========

diff -ur gtk+-3.14.4.old/gtk/gtklabel.c gtk+-3.14.4.new/gtk/gtklabel.c
--- gtk+-3.14.4.old/gtk/gtklabel.c  2014-10-21 16:20:55.000000000 +0200
+++ gtk+-3.14.4.new/gtk/gtklabel.c  2015-05-06 23:01:45.447209817 +0200
@@ -2561,11 +2561,12 @@

   if (with_uline)
     {
-      gboolean enable_mnemonics = TRUE;
-      gboolean auto_mnemonics = TRUE;
+      gboolean enable_mnemonics;
+      gboolean auto_mnemonics;

       g_object_get (gtk_widget_get_settings (GTK_WIDGET (label)),
                     "gtk-enable-mnemonics", &enable_mnemonics,
+                    "gtk-auto-mnemonics", &auto_mnemonics,
                     NULL);

       if (!(enable_mnemonics && priv->mnemonics_visible &&
@@ -2775,8 +2776,8 @@
 {
   GtkLabelPrivate *priv = label->priv;
   PangoAttrList *attrs;
-  gboolean enable_mnemonics = TRUE;
-  gboolean auto_mnemonics = TRUE;
+  gboolean enable_mnemonics;
+  gboolean auto_mnemonics;

   if (priv->pattern_set)
     return;
@@ -2784,8 +2785,9 @@
   if (is_mnemonic)
     {
       g_object_get (gtk_widget_get_settings (GTK_WIDGET (label)),
-                    "gtk-enable-mnemonics", &enable_mnemonics,
-                    NULL);
+           "gtk-enable-mnemonics", &enable_mnemonics,
+           "gtk-auto-mnemonics", &auto_mnemonics,
+           NULL);

       if (enable_mnemonics && priv->mnemonics_visible && pattern &&
           (!auto_mnemonics ||
diff -ur gtk+-3.14.4.old/gtk/gtkmain.c gtk+-3.14.4.new/gtk/gtkmain.c
--- gtk+-3.14.4.old/gtk/gtkmain.c   2014-10-21 16:20:55.000000000 +0200
+++ gtk+-3.14.4.new/gtk/gtkmain.c   2015-05-06 22:47:35.375311109 +0200
@@ -1717,18 +1717,26 @@
           ((event->key.state & (gtk_accelerator_get_default_mod_mask ()) & ~(GDK_RELEASE_MASK|GDK_MOD1_MASK)) == 0) &&
           !GTK_IS_MENU_SHELL (grab_widget))
         {
-          gboolean mnemonics_visible;
-          GtkWidget *window;
+          gboolean auto_mnemonics;

-          mnemonics_visible = (event->type == GDK_KEY_PRESS);
+          g_object_get (gtk_widget_get_settings (grab_widget),
+                        "gtk-auto-mnemonics", &auto_mnemonics, NULL);

-          window = gtk_widget_get_toplevel (grab_widget);
-          if (GTK_IS_WINDOW (window))
+          if (auto_mnemonics)
             {
-              if (mnemonics_visible)
-                _gtk_window_schedule_mnemonics_visible (GTK_WINDOW (window));
-              else
-                gtk_window_set_mnemonics_visible (GTK_WINDOW (window), FALSE);
+              gboolean mnemonics_visible;
+              GtkWidget *window;
+
+              mnemonics_visible = (event->type == GDK_KEY_PRESS);
+
+              window = gtk_widget_get_toplevel (grab_widget);
+              if (GTK_IS_WINDOW (window))
+                {
+                  if (mnemonics_visible)
+                    _gtk_window_schedule_mnemonics_visible (GTK_WINDOW (window));
+                  else
+                    gtk_window_set_mnemonics_visible (GTK_WINDOW (window), FALSE);
+                }
             }
         }
       /* else fall through */
diff -ur gtk+-3.14.4.old/gtk/gtkmenushell.c gtk+-3.14.4.new/gtk/gtkmenushell.c
--- gtk+-3.14.4.old/gtk/gtkmenushell.c  2014-08-15 16:38:05.000000000 +0200
+++ gtk+-3.14.4.new/gtk/gtkmenushell.c  2015-05-06 22:53:03.442086931 +0200
@@ -898,9 +898,17 @@
 _gtk_menu_shell_update_mnemonics (GtkMenuShell *menu_shell)
 {
   GtkMenuShell *target;
+  gboolean auto_mnemonics;
   gboolean found;
   gboolean mnemonics_visible;

+  g_object_get (gtk_widget_get_settings (GTK_WIDGET (menu_shell)),
+                "gtk-auto-mnemonics", &auto_mnemonics,
+                NULL);
+
+  if (!auto_mnemonics)
+    return;
+
   target = menu_shell;
   found = FALSE;
   while (target)
diff -ur gtk+-3.14.4.old/gtk/gtkwindow.c gtk+-3.14.4.new/gtk/gtkwindow.c
--- gtk+-3.14.4.old/gtk/gtkwindow.c 2014-10-21 16:20:55.000000000 +0200
+++ gtk+-3.14.4.new/gtk/gtkwindow.c 2015-05-06 22:59:47.780956630 +0200
@@ -5878,6 +5878,8 @@
   GtkWindow *window = GTK_WINDOW (widget);
   GtkWindowPrivate *priv = window->priv;
   GdkWindow *gdk_window;
+  gboolean auto_mnemonics;
+  GtkPolicyType visible_focus;
   GList *link;

   if (!gtk_widget_is_toplevel (widget))
@@ -5966,10 +5968,15 @@
         }
     }

-  /* if mnemonics visible is not already set
+  /* if auto-mnemonics is enabled and mnemonics visible is not already set
    * (as in the case of popup menus), then hide mnemonics initially
    */
-  if (!priv->mnemonics_visible_set)
+  g_object_get (gtk_widget_get_settings (widget),
+                "gtk-auto-mnemonics", &auto_mnemonics,
+                "gtk-visible-focus", &visible_focus,
+                NULL);
+
+  if (auto_mnemonics && !priv->mnemonics_visible_set)
     gtk_window_set_mnemonics_visible (window, FALSE);

   /* inherit from transient parent, so that a dialog that is
@@ -7834,6 +7841,7 @@
               GdkEventFocus *event)
 {
   GtkWindow *window = GTK_WINDOW (widget);
+  gboolean auto_mnemonics;

   /* It appears spurious focus in events can occur when
    *  the window is hidden. So we'll just check to see if
@@ -7845,7 +7853,9 @@
       _gtk_window_set_has_toplevel_focus (window, TRUE);
       _gtk_window_set_is_active (window, TRUE);

-      if (gtk_window_has_mnemonic_modifier_pressed (window))
+      g_object_get (gtk_widget_get_settings (widget),
+                    "gtk-auto-mnemonics", &auto_mnemonics, NULL);
+      if (auto_mnemonics && gtk_window_has_mnemonic_modifier_pressed (window))
         _gtk_window_schedule_mnemonics_visible (window);
     }

@@ -7857,12 +7867,16 @@
                GdkEventFocus *event)
 {
   GtkWindow *window = GTK_WINDOW (widget);
+  gboolean auto_mnemonics;

   _gtk_window_set_has_toplevel_focus (window, FALSE);
   _gtk_window_set_is_active (window, FALSE);

   /* set the mnemonic-visible property to false */
-  gtk_window_set_mnemonics_visible (window, FALSE);
+  g_object_get (gtk_widget_get_settings (widget),
+                "gtk-auto-mnemonics", &auto_mnemonics, NULL);
+  if (auto_mnemonics)
+    gtk_window_set_mnemonics_visible (window, FALSE);

   return FALSE;
 }


Changed ownership of all files and folder in home to 'root' by mistake

Run this command:

sudo chown -R ${USER}:$(id -g -n $USER) ~/*

sudo: Run the following command as root.
chown: Change the owner of a file/folder

-R: Recursive (apply that owner to a folder and its content)
${USER}:$(id -gn)

${USER}: A variable that contains your username by default.
:: This splits the username from the group.
$(id -gn) This returns the group, however it should be same as user.

$(): This is a command substitution, all the code in the inner of these tags will be executed, and then this will act as a variable that contains the output of these commands.
id: Prints  user  and group information for the specified USERNAME, or (when USERNAME omitted) for the current user.
-gn: (abbreviation of -g -n)
-g: Print only the effective group ID.
-n: Print the group name instead of the group ID.

~/*: Do all these things on all the contents of the home folder.


can't control the brightness of display on ubuntu

Since I can't comment, here's a question or potential answer: can you try echo 200 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness? Perhaps you didn't check /sys/class/backlight as root.


What is best release to use with old win xp pro machine?

You can use Lubuntu (a fast and lightweight Linux operating system with low hardware requirements) 18.04 which is the last LTS to support 32-bit computers. Click here and select the 32bit image file for Lubuntu 18.04.5 LTS.
Note: 18.04 is not supported until April 2021 and is the last LTS version of Lubuntu that will have 32-bit support.


How to set up hotkey for toggling wireless

1) create a file called wifi.sh

2) copy these lines

#!/bin/sh

if [ $(nmcli nm wifi | awk '/led/ {print}') = 'enabled'  ] ; then
    nmcli nm wifi off
    echo 'wifi off'
else
    nmcli nm wifi on
    notify-send -i network-wireless-none "Wireless" "Wireless enabled"
    echo 'wifi on'
fi

3) make it executable

4) remember its full path so if you create wifi.sh in your desktop then its full path is /home/USERNAME/Desktop/wifi.sh - replace the USERNAME with your user name- ,

4) In System Settings> keyboard > shortcuts window

press on + sign to add a new keyboard shortcut and write the full path for wifi.sh file in second box for example /home/ahed/.config/wifi.sh then click on disable word then press your wireless key

Optional if not worked 5)

open Terminal ctrl + alt + t and install dconf-editor if not installed

$  sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

run it

$  dconf-editor

go to /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0 and check binding value it should be XF86WLAN instead of WLAN (double click to change it)


How to connect usb device to Playonlinux?

AFAIK, Wine does not support USB drivers, so you can't connect any USB device to Wine/PlayOnLinux, but Wine does support serial devices, including serial over USB. Check if your device is being recognised as a serial device, e.g. /dev/ttyUSB0. If true, you can create a symbolic link between /dev/ttyUSB0 and wine dos device file located in ~/.wine/dosdevices/

  ln -s /dev/ttyUSB0 ~/.wine/dosdevices/com1

If it works for you, you can add the command to Command to exec before running the program field in your PlayOnLinux app configuration dialog -> Miscellaneous tab.


I'm not sure, but I think the USB may not actually be formatted or created correctly. You may have to write it to the USB again, using a different burning utility like gnome-disks, because you may see the USB in the BIOS, but that does not necessarily mean it is bootable. I recommend reformatting and burning the USB with the stated tool.


How to install Xfce desktop environment?

Click here:

Or via command line:

sudo apt-get install xfce4

this is what you will get

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libstdc++5 libvncserver0 libaio-dev sysstat ksh expat libelf-dev
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
  desktop-base exo-utils gtk2-engines-xfce libexo-1-0 libexo-common libgarcon-1-0 libgarcon-common
  libthunarx-2-0 libxfce4ui-1-0 libxfce4util-bin libxfce4util-common libxfce4util4 libxfconf-0-2
  orage thunar thunar-data thunar-volman xfce-keyboard-shortcuts xfce4-appfinder xfce4-mixer
  xfce4-panel xfce4-session xfce4-settings xfce4-utils xfconf xfdesktop4 xfdesktop4-data xfwm4
  xfwm4-themes xscreensaver
Suggested packages:
  thunar-archive-plugin thunar-media-tags-plugin xfprint4 xfce4-goodies fortunes-mod aumix xli
  xloadimage xfishtank xdaliclock qcam streamer
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  desktop-base exo-utils gtk2-engines-xfce libexo-1-0 libexo-common libgarcon-1-0 libgarcon-common
  libthunarx-2-0 libxfce4ui-1-0 libxfce4util-bin libxfce4util-common libxfce4util4 libxfconf-0-2
  orage thunar thunar-data thunar-volman xfce-keyboard-shortcuts xfce4 xfce4-appfinder xfce4-mixer
  xfce4-panel xfce4-session xfce4-settings xfce4-utils xfconf xfdesktop4 xfdesktop4-data xfwm4
  xfwm4-themes xscreensaver
0 upgraded, 31 newly installed, 0 to remove and 17 not upgraded.
Need to get 19.8 MB of archives.
After this operation, 80.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?

once installed log out and choose xfce desktop - log back in


I forgot my ubuntu autheticate password!

Reboot your system and select Advanced options from Grub. Then select Ubuntu (recovery mode) and change password for existing user:

Run

passwd user_name

Replace user_name with your actual username.
Type password when prompt:

Enter new UNIX password:

Retype password (it will ask so).
Reboot and use your new password.


The pdftotext may assist, in terminal do

apt search pdftotext

or

 apt search pdf

For further details:
https://github.com/EvertonCa/PDFtoText

or

https://github.com/opencats/OpenCATS_Documentation/blob/master/docs/Install-Ubuntu-16.04.rst

Self uses occasionally to extract text from PDFs am not sure about entire PDF documents.

BTW am NOT sure correctly extracts exactly due different code, layouts, texts in PDF documents.

.


Windows gets progressively slower over time, why doesn't Ubuntu?

In my opinion most important reason is that most of the programs on Windows are registry dependent.  Registry is arguably a well organized storage, however it is not known to be a very efficient one. When you first install Windows, registry size is small and look up operations are inexpensive; however as you install more and more programs registry gets larger and harder to manage.

Another factor is disk fragmentation. NTFS and FAT are very notorious for their inability to prevent fragmentation. On the other hand Linux file systems, especially ext3 (I do not have any experience in reiserFS or other alternatives) is quite resilient  to fragmentation.

A short primer on fragmentation

What is fragmentation?  This article does a good job explaining it, but the gist of it is this: Windows clumps all of its files together in one place on the disk, while Linux spreads them all over the place.  That means that, when a file grows on Windows, it runs the risk of being so big that it overlaps the next file's hard disk allocation, and therefore must either be moved or (more likely) fragmented, with the new fragment being stored on a different place on the hard drive.  The next time that file is accessed, Windows actually has to make two disk accesses, one for the initial file and a second for the newly created fragment.  When a file grows in Linux, on the other hand, there is ofter more than enough space for it, and the OS proceeds happily along.  Linux's method does have a small downside on mechanical hard disks, and that is, because the files are spread all over the place, there is a small delay in accessing them over a series of "clumped" files.  The e4rat project works rather well for eliminating or reducing some of these delays (ext4 filesystems only), and the incurred overhead is never worse then what Windows experiences from file fragmentation.

Another factor is a small trick that Windows pulls: A Windows installation is never up when it's up. Windows starts a lot of processes after you log in. The distinction between system processes and user processes is a little vague for Windows, especially for the old versions before XP. And a lot of Windows applications are very eager to start background processes and place tray icons. In time a Windows installation begins starting more and more processes at start up. However Linux strictly starts all system processes before you log in. After you log in, only a minimal number of processes are started. Linux also never encouraged using background services related to specific tasks of a specific user, or using tray icons. Last version of the Gnome denies all applications to place tray icons, except a very narrow white-list. So in time a Linux installation still starts only a limited number of processes after the start up.

I'm sure there are other numerous factors that contribute to this phenomenon, these are the major ones that comes to my mind.


I found fresh issue about this problem:
https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/issues/17044

There is no dotnet core for arm64 yet.


You need to be able to download the ISO image file, and save that file to your computer.  Probably "right-clicking" the download link and select "save link as..." is the best option for you.

If you do not have a CD (or DVD) burner, then you can use a USB flash drive that is large enough to hold the contents of the ISO.  (If you have one large enough, You could probably use a SD Card as well, but I have never done it with an SD card).

Download the ISO image

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+cdmirrors

Load it on a USB drive:

Yumi - http://www.pendrivelinux.com/yumi-multiboot-usb-creator/
Unetbootin - https://unetbootin.github.io/
Pen Drive Linux - http://www.linuxliveusb.com/
UUI = http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/


Anacron starts but does not run cron.daily

I do not know why it was not executing jobs but today morning I have seen this:

Feb 21 11:55:22 jesus-Custom-PC anacron[1398]: Job `cron.daily' terminated
Feb 21 11:55:22 jesus-Custom-PC anacron[1398]: Job `cron.weekly' started
Feb 21 11:55:22 jesus-Custom-PC anacron[5148]: Updated timestamp for job `cron.weekly' to 2016-02-21
Feb 21 11:55:24 jesus-Custom-PC anacron[1398]: Job `cron.weekly' terminated
Feb 21 11:55:24 jesus-Custom-PC anacron[1398]: Normal exit (2 jobs run)

So I think it is working.


how to configure terminal to always launch on secondary monitor?

+0+0 is the starting upper left corner. Your configuration has the command set to be starting at 50+50 on your primary monitor, which is 50 to the right and 50 down. If your primary monitor is say 1920x1080, then if you wanted the terminal to start on the second monitor it would be something like gnome-terminal --geometry=120x80+1920+50 or change the 1920 to a greater number to start it more like 1970 which would be your original 50+1920.

Hope this helps!


There is a very good explanation on how to work with repositories via the desktop GUI at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu

This would be the preferred method for newer Ubuntu users.

If you'd prefer to manually edit the files containing repositories, everything you'd ever want to know can be found at http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/zesty/man5/sources.list.5.html

As a starting point and to directly answer your question, /etc/apt/sources.list is the file that contains your repos.  There is also stuff in /etc/apt/sources.list.d

Usually, error messages will specify specific repositories that cannot be found by apt update.  In that case, you'd edit out that repo from sources.list

The repositories for unity-tweak tool can be found at https://launchpad.net/~freyja-dev/+archive/ubuntu/unity-tweak-tool-daily

If you installed unity-tweak from source or as a Ubuntu package, you'd upgrade it by doing a download from https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/xenial/+source/unity-tweak-tool


Ive got the answer! Boot kernel .34 through the grub menu(hold shift during boot)then go in into Ubuntu advanced menu and boot .34. After your running .34 do enter code here:

sudo apt-get remove 3.13.0-35

Then reinstall .34 by:

sudo apt-get install liunx-image-generic=3.13.0.24.28

Then you got to set grub to boot .34 so do :

sudo update-grub

Then test your version by:

apt-cache policy linux-generic

Mine says I have none installed and 35 is recommend. If you restart and it boots you've done it!
Ignore updates until they fix .35 kernel!


Logitech k400r wireless keyboard trackpad settings for Ubuntu 14.04

I got to this page as I was trying to find a way to keep function keys as normal (and not their K400/r special functions which works in windows). Finally found it in Solaar, which has a "Swap Fx function" which should be turned to OFF


I followed "Automatic Install using standard Ubuntu Repository" from the following blog post:

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-the-nvidia-drivers-on-ubuntu-18-10-cosmic-cuttlefish-linux

I am now able to switch between NVIDIA and Intel! I currently switched to Intel, so white light is now shown.


Are there any tutorials for Linux-based audio production?

Ardour is by far the most professional free and open source audio production tool you will find.  JACK is also going to be an integral part of any audio production environment you set up on Linux.

This tutorial will teach you the basics of how to use Ardour and JACK together to record/produce music.  While you might consider this a "tool based" tutorial, I would suggest giving it a chance.  Producing music on a computer is essentially combining the right tools; and this tutorial teaches you how to use the two most powerful open source tools with very simple, practical and easy to follow directions.

The Linux Musicians forum is also a great resource for learning how to create music using open source tools.  I would highly suggest creating an account there and looking around.

This site has some nice basic audio production tutorials. They of course aren't using Linux, but you'll notice that versions of all the plugins they talk about are available in Ardour.

Welcome to the wonderful world of open source audio production and good luck!


How do I convert LVM partitions to NTFS/Ext?

This is pretty well documented in the LVM howtos and elsewhere. Just move the disks to a system with LVM, reassemble the volume group, activate the LVs, and backup like you normally would. I don't see what NTFS has to do with it, unless you're trying to accomplish this from a Windows host. There are drivers out there that can add LVM support to Windows though I've never tried them.


How to combine two enviroment variables into one command?

This is the right way to combine your two solutions:

Exec=bash -c 'export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l1compat.so && env PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC=60 skype %U'


Is it possible to do an apt-get installation and continue it later?

Do apt-get install -d  STUFF which will download everything
to the cache but won't act on it.

Later when you have a better
connection you can just drop the -d and apt will download the
rest if needed and begin installing from the cache: /var/cache/apt/archives/


Can I change the commands certain buttons activate on my dell WM514 mouse?

Config-options by editing files: I found none. The right/left bumper works as Ctrl-key with the wheel to zoom in/out.
In "Windows 8" Win+C activates charms. Push a right/left bumper and move slowly gives the same response as push Win+C.

Xfce: If I touch one (or two) bumpers and move slowly to the left (left-hand mouse), I get my (Gnome)calculator. It is the response of the WM514 to the Super+C-key.

Unity: If you touch one ore two bumpers and move slowly to the left (left-hand mouse), you get photo search (=default Super+C).

You can edit the generic Super+C-config for your system and maybe change it to another application (like filebrowser, I tested Thunar - it works).


Alternative/Indicator to Dash search bar

Indicator-Synapse is spotlight-like search bar.

You can install by following command in terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/apps
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-synapse

After installation logout and login back to see indicator in panel:

You can use Alt+F10 and use arrow keys to move to indicator-synapse.

If you want classical navigation type indicator then install Classic Menu Indicator:

sudo apt-get install classicmenu-indicator

Hope this helps.


Found the solution, apparently I forgot to attach the cache device like this:

echo UUID > /sys/block/bcache1/bcache/attach

Now its caching fine:

pavs@VAS:/home/pavs$ tail /sys/block/bcache1/bcache/stats_total/*
==> /sys/block/bcache1/bcache/stats_total/bypassed <==
106M

==> /sys/block/bcache1/bcache/stats_total/cache_bypass_hits <==
1624

==> /sys/block/bcache1/bcache/stats_total/cache_bypass_misses <==
0

==> /sys/block/bcache1/bcache/stats_total/cache_hit_ratio <==
0

==> /sys/block/bcache1/bcache/stats_total/cache_hits <==
0

==> /sys/block/bcache1/bcache/stats_total/cache_miss_collisions <==
0

==> /sys/block/bcache1/bcache/stats_total/cache_misses <==
345

==> /sys/block/bcache1/bcache/stats_total/cache_readaheads <==
0


Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS installation mode "Install a command-line system" missing?

You will need to install Ubuntu Server instead of Ubuntu desktop.

Ubuntu server comes without the GUI part of Ubuntu (which means it doesn't have the ubuntu-desktop meta-package installed). So it only has a command line.

During installation of Ubuntu Server, it asks you what packages/servers you want to install (apache, mysql, etc.). Of course you will be able install them later, even if you didn't choose the packages during installation.


Rotate touchpad when screen is orientation rotated

I am not sure if you are still looking for a solution to this but I had written a script a while back to get this functionality. it uses xrandr and xinput.

put the following in ~/bin after replacing eDP1 with the screen your touchpad to follow. can get a list of your screens by running xrandr.

change --output eDP1 to -o if you want to rotate all screens.

you may need to play around with the code that gets the xinput id for your touchpad.

make sure it is executable and also bin is in $PATH variable.

without stuff that doesn't pretain your question

#!/bin/bash
#inverted -> right -> normal -> left -> inverted
status="$(xrandr -q|grep eDP1|awk '{print $3}')"
if [ $status == 'primary' ]; then
   state="$(xrandr -q|grep eDP1|awk '{print $5}')"
else
   state="$(xrandr -q|grep eDP1|awk '{print $4}')"
fi
touchpad=$(xinput | awk '/Touchpad/ {print $7}' | grep -oP [0-9]+) #

case "${state}" in
'inverted')
  xrandr --output eDP1 --rotate right
  xinput set-prop "$touchpad" --type=float "Coordinate Transformation Matrix" 0 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1
  ;;
'right')
  xrandr --output eDP1 --rotate normal
  xinput set-prop ${touchpad} --type=float "Coordinate Transformation Matrix" 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
  ;;
'(normal')
  xrandr --output eDP1 --rotate left
  xinput set-prop ${touchpad} --type=float "Coordinate Transformation Matrix" 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
  ;;
'left')
  xrandr --output eDP1 --rotate inverted
  xinput set-prop ${touchpad} --type=float "Coordinate Transformation Matrix" -1 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 1
  ;;
esac

I have it doing custom things as well

#!/bin/bash
#inverted -> right -> normal -> left -> inverted
state="$(orientation)"
#[ "${state}" == 'inverted' ] && xrandr --output eDP1 --rotate right || ([ "${state}" == 'right' ] && xrandr --output eDP1 --rotate normal || ([ "${state}" == 'left' ] && xrandr --output eDP1 --rotate inverted || xrandr --output eDP1 --rotate left));
#sleep 2
#xrandr-invert-colors;
touchpad=$(xinput | awk '/Touchpad/ {print $7}' | grep -oP [0-9]+) #xinput list --id-only "ipts 1B96:005E Touchscreen"
libinput_enabled=false
gestures_enabled=true

case "${state}" in
'inverted')
  xrandr --output eDP1 --rotate right
  xinput set-prop "$touchpad" --type=float "Coordinate Transformation Matrix" 0 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1
  if [ "$libinput_" = true ]; then
    cp ~/.config/libinput-gestures.conf_right ~/.config/libinput-gestures.conf
    libinput-gestures-setup restart
  fi
  ;;
'right')
  xrandr --output eDP1 --rotate normal
  xinput set-prop ${touchpad} --type=float "Coordinate Transformation Matrix" 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
  if [ "$libinput_" = true ]; then
    cp ~/.config/libinput-gestures.conf_normal ~/.config/libinput-gestures.conf
    libinput-gestures-setup restart
  fi
  ;;
'(normal')
  xrandr --output eDP1 --rotate left
  xinput set-prop ${touchpad} --type=float "Coordinate Transformation Matrix" 0 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
  if [ "$libinput_" = true ]; then
    cp ~/.config/libinput-gestures.conf_left ~/.config/libinput-gestures.conf
    libinput-gestures-setup restart
  fi
  ;;
'left')
  xrandr --output eDP1 --rotate inverted
  xinput set-prop ${touchpad} --type=float "Coordinate Transformation Matrix" -1 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 1
  if [ "$libinput_" = true ]; then
    cp ~/.config/libinput-gestures.conf_inverted ~/.config/libinput-gestures.conf
    libinput-gestures-setup restart
  fi
  ;;
esac

if [ "$gestures_enabled" = true ]; then
   restartTouchpad;
fi


Octave permissions on Ubuntu 16.04 after installing from PPA

I tackle with the exactly same problem, and this stackoverflow thread help me out. Here the code from the answer.

cd .config/octave

sudo chown $USER qt-settings


This line of code is trying to execute '/var/log/ran.log' as a script

echo "Wan Check Ran" | /var/log/ran.log

While I believe that you want to add the string "Wan Check Ran" to the log. Therefore you should

echo "Wan Check Ran" >> /var/log/ran.log


Ways to Install and uninstall programs in deb format

Ways to Install & Uninstall .deb packages in Ubuntu:

SOFTWARE CENTER

This is the default GUI installer/uninstaller for Ubuntu to search, install and remove applications.

SYNAPTIC

This was the old way which can still be used by installing the synaptic package. It works similar to Software Center with a few differences like installing multiple packages at the same time and other details..

APT-GET & APT-CACHE

This are the default terminal ways in Ubuntu to search, install, update and remove applications.

Search & Install

Remove an application

Remove an application COMPLETELY (Including config files)

Update Repositories

APTITUDE

This was the old terminal way of searching, installing, updating and removing applications. Can be used by installing the aptitude package.

Search & Install

Remove an application

Remove an application COMPLETELY (Including config files)

Update Repositories

DPKG

Installing a package

Removing a package

Purging a package

There are other cases like dselect, PackageKit and GDebi. For Kubuntu you have alternatives like Kubuntu's Adept Manager, newer KPackageKit or Muon.

As an alternative to DEB packages you have alien which can installed RPM packages (Not to be confused with Revolutions Per Minute since that would make Fedora really fast ;) )


How to change permissions for a USB adapter?

In Terminal type the following:
sudo adduser "User Name" dialout

Example:
The User Name on my computer is gordy so I would type in Terminal
sudo adduser gordy dialout then press enter

I then see a message, stating that gordy has been added to dialout group
Type groups to see what groups a "User Name " belongs to, and you should have access to the USB ports.


I did an AHT (Hardware text) extended. Looks like the internal controller is defective (4HDD/11/40000004:SATA(0:0) and after some time causes an invalid node structure.

I think the issue is raised from the controller malfunction (HD imminent failure is a consequence) and probably leads to my issue trying to install Grub:

it is not possible to install anything not to be that you reformat the hard drive, procedure that temporarily restores the functionality of the disc.

After formatting I was able to install Grub.

Long time solution: replace the controller (or the computer).


How to use readline to insert a predetermined string onto the command line with a shortcut when using Bash?

When on the command-line it is certainly possible to do what you want, although the syntax of readline can be confusing: see the appendix at the end of the article for a short list of examples.

You can use the GNU readline library and create some macros and place them in your ~/.inputrc. Then you will be able to insert arbitrary strings into the terminal when you press a key combination. As noted in the bash manual :

  In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a macro).
  The  syntax  for  controlling  key bindings in the inputrc file is simple.  All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be specified in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with Meta- or Control- prefixes, or as a key sequence.

Be careful when assigning shortcut combinations to arbitrary strings, as many keybindings are already set whether you are using Bash's emacs or vi mode (in addition to the independent tty bindings). See bind -P for a list of currently bound Bash shortcuts, and stty -a for the others in use.

You just need to place your macros in ~/.inputrc (create it if it doesn't exist), and add, for example:

Control-o: "U+16a1"

but it's probably better to use, for example, Ctrl+Alt+Oinstead, because most ctrl and a single letter combinations are already bound:

"\e\C-o": "U+16a1"

Then restart terminal and use your key combinations to place the string at the cursor's position. There are many complex and more interesting possibilities; experiment and you'll find the macros very useful when you have to repeat various things a lot. List your currently assigned macros with bind -s.

List of examples for reference (don't use these as some will already be assigned): see bind -P:

"\e\C-k": "string"  # ctrl+alt+k
"\ey": "string" # alt+y
"\C-w": "string" # ctrl+w
"\C-x\C-e": "string" # ctrl+x, ctrl+e

See man 3 readline for more information and the Ubuntu manpages online.


Your best bet is to TRY TO use "MythTV" available for Ubuntu and easily installed directly from the GUI Ubuntu Software Center.

When I specify TRY TO, I'm referring to the fact that while it supports many popular TV tuner cards, it of course cannot support all of them.  In addition, there are some really nice such devices which have likely come so far from yours you may wish to invest in something different when you learn what all your options are.

I especially want to take the time to warn you not to be misled by the name into installing MythBuntu.  It is not what it sounds like.  it is not a package for Ubuntu, but rather it is an all in one pre-integrated tv/tuner/dvr package preinstalled into Ubuntu.  In some ways it is ideal for people who want everything to work without having to learn as much about Ubuntu, but if you are on this site, the odds are you don't need it.  Of course if you have a couple spare hard drives laying around you can switch between for best result, you can try both.  I tried five hard drives when I was first getting started.

A little more about MythTV.  It started out as a project to merely make a TV/DVR program for Linux because while many such cards existed, there simply wasn't such a thing as a tv card package for linux and that simply would not do.  The grandness of the scale of its features was never imagined at first, but with lots of interest, support and imagination it spread into one of the most fantastic programs I've ever read about.  It really deserves to be its own standalone operating system so I really understand why the mythbuntu version came into being.


Reread man bash - it says, in part,

When  a  login  shell  exits, bash reads and executes commands from the
file ~/.bash_logout, if it exists.

~/.bash_logout is a better place to put your cleanup.


Depends on your keyboard layout.

USA International (AltGr dead keys) will allow the usage of AltGr to type accented characters.

When I type AltGr with the letter q through m I get...

äåé®þüúíóö

áßðfghjœø

æx©vbñµ

The composer key can be changed in the keyboard layout too.
(Compose Key in System > Preferences > Keyboard > Layouts > Other Options)


How to build the latest version of Banshee on Ubuntu

The repository you're using for gstreamer-sharp is wrong, it should be git://anongit.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gstreamer-sharp instead (and checkout the tag 0.99.0 after you clone).

Also, I've seen some distros fail to load assemblies located in /usr/local, then you may want to try to fix this problem by using the /usr prefix (passing it in the configuration phase: ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr).


Permission problems in system directories

We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:

#1) Respect the privacy of others.
#2) Think before you type.
#3) With great power comes great responsibility.

fdisk, format, reinstall, doo dah, doo dah. i.e.

root@loki:~# find /etc/ -type f -exec ls -al {} \; | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq
-r--r-----
-rw-------
-rw-r-----
-rw-r--r--
-rw-rw-r--
-rwxr-xr-x
root@loki:~# find /etc/ -type d -exec ls -al {} \; | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq
drwx------
drwxr-s---
drwxr-xr-x
drwx--x---
lrwxrwxrwx
-r--r-----
-rw-------
-rw-r-----
-rw-r--r--
-rw-rw-r--
-rwxr-xr-x

some blanket chmod'ing and chowning in /etc is not going to fix this. you've made a proper mess of things, and a reinstall is the quickest and cleanest way to fix it RIGHT. any thing else, short of restoring content or images from backups is both a waste of time and incomplete.

chalk it up to experience (i've certainly hosed many an install learning), and move forward.


Ubuntu 18 - Laptop Keyboard not working during installation

I just ran into this problem trying to install it on my VM. Found a simple solution. I gave more power to the machine, trying to meet the requirement. The keyboard worked once i gave it 4gb of ram. Good luck!