Black Screen with Cursor After Nvidia Update in Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial

Well, for some reason I simply needed to roll back to an older nvidia driver. I guess 430 is simply not compatible. No clue why default drivers didn't work when I uninstalled, but I installed 418 and all was well.


How would I install a random program from a random website?

The default way to install software on Linux is using the package manager, which in the case of Ubuntu is apt-get or the software centre. Otherwise you can compile the package from source.

To be fair, you should ask ubsoft.com if they are not using the package method. The method will differ from package to package. For example, some may require running an install script/program, while others may just require uncompress of an archive.

Therefore, my response is 'it depends.'


ALSA driver configuration. Is there any documentation, AT ALL?

In  this excellent Ubuntu sound trouble guide  , in section "Other Useful Information to Quote" ,
 you will find 2 links to alsa-base.conf documentation and the possible options according sound devices models:
HD audio models
HD audio (newer)


You are right something is trying to point lxcbr0.

Use lxcbr0 in these files

/etc/default/lxc
/etc/lxc/default.conf
/etc/network/interfaces

I tried br0 it give me the same error. After changing existing bridge to lxcbr0 that I worked fine.


How can I install Eclipse 4 through Ubuntu Software Center (desktop 12.04 64bit)?

To the best of my knowledge, Eclipse 4 is not currently (as of 12.04) available through the Ubuntu repositories and as a result you can't install it through the software center. However, as Eclipse runs contained within it's own directory, you should be able to just download Eclipse 4, extract it to a directory somewhere and run the IDE.

If you want a menu launcher for it, I would suggest searching for and installing "alacarte" (I believe it's called "Main Menu" in your apps list) in the software center. You can create a menu item manually for Eclipse with that app.


Is there a modern equivalent of python-vm-builder?

You can use an official cloud image directly, and then create a small ISO image using cloud-localds (from the cloud-utils package) to use as a "nocloud" data source to cloud-init.

Then you can use cloud-init userdata (example) as a single mechanism to add packages and to run your own first run scripts across cloud providers that provide official Ubuntu Cloud images as well as on your local VMs.

If you run cloud-localds with no parameters, it will display example usage to configure and run a VM using kvm directly.

To run the VM some other way, just supply a cloud image (eg. downloaded from https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/precise/current/precise-server-cloudimg-amd64-disk1.img for 12.04) as the first disk, and present the ISO image output from cloud-localds as a CD-ROM.

More information is in Scott Moser's blog post.


Every time I change networks, DNS cache has the wrong IP. How to fix automatically every time?

This systemd script restarts Network Manager when resuming from suspend.

#!/bin/sh

MYNAME=$0

restart_network() {
    /usr/bin/logger $MYNAME 'restart_network BEGIN'
    systemctl restart NetworkManager.service
    /usr/bin/logger $MYNAME 'restart_network END'
}

/usr/bin/logger $MYNAME 'case=[' ${1}' ]'
case "${1}/${2}" in
    hibernate|suspend|pre*)
      ;;
    resume|thaw|post*)
      restart_network;;
esac

You'll need to create this script, called network-reset, with sudo powers and save it into the directory /lib/systemd/system-sleep. Then mark it executable using:

chmod a+x /lib/systemd/system-sleep/network-reset

The logger commands above allow you to audit results by running journalctl or by looking in /var/log/syslog.


You can use the Unite GNOME Shell Extension.

First make sure that you have chrome-gnome-shell installed:

sudo apt install chrome-gnome-shell

You also need the GNOME Shell integration browser extension installed. You can install the extension in Firefox by visiting this page and clicking the Add to Firefox button or in Chrome, by visiting this page and clicking the Add to Chrome button.

Allso install Tweaks to access the extension's options (and a bunch of other useful GNOME settings):

sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

Now, you can visit the Unite GNOME Shell Extension webpage, toggle the switch on the right-hand side of the page to ON and click Install on the pop-up.

Then, press Alt+F2, input r and press Enter to restart GNOME Shell to make the extension take effect.

To disable The extension, go to Tweaks → Extensions and toggle the Unite extension OFF. To uninstall it, visit its website and click the "X" button on the right-side.


Ubuntu 12.04 install problem (UEFI related?)

Excuse my english, please. I got same problem installing ubuntu 12.04 in my laptop. I noted the problem have to be something  relationed with the wifi hardware because the driver is not implemented in the kernel, I guess. I solved it turning off the wifi (or unplugging it), and getting a normal installation, installing the wifi driver after that. Maybe your problem with another part of your hardware.


unoconv cannot connect or start listener without sudo

@Erik Stagg, I know it is late but indeed to use unoconv with other user you can leave an open a port with sudo in another process:

$ sudo unoconv --listener

Meanwhile this process is running, you can use unoconv with a normal user:

$ unoconv -f docx file.doc


Using 2 ethernet adapters on a local network, ping reply not showing

I think it works as it is supposed to. I believe you have problems with the routing table.

When you connect the first adapter the default routing is set up through this adapter. When you connect another one, the default routing is already setup for the first adapter. The second adapter does not work because there is no routing that would use it. Try to type /sbin/route of /sbin/route -n. You will see how the packets are routed.

I would add routes for your two connections, because if I understand correctly you only want to send your UDP packets via these connections. What about other traffic? Try it this way:

/sbin/route add -net 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 dev eno0
/sbin/route add -net 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.255 dev eno1

In that way you specify that traffic for 192.168.0.1 should go via eno0 and traffic for 192.168.0.2 via eno2. If you only need these to connections it should work. However, if you have other connection and want them to work too. You would need to make sure other routes are correct too.

I would recommend to use different address ranges for two connections. In that way you don't need to change routing tables manually:

eno0: 192.168.0.21, PC1: 192.168.0.1
eno1: 192.168.1.22, PC2: 192.168.1.2
netmask: 255.255.255.0 for all connections
default gateway is not important in this case, because pairs are on the same network range


As you have physical access to your computer, try next:

In Grub boot menu press e.

Go to boot line and add at the end "rw init=/bin/bash" and press F10 to start boot - you will get root shell so you can change root password


How do I take a sceenshot in unity8 (mir desktop)?

Launch GIMP and go to “File”->”Create”->”Screenshot”


Changed permissions, now gnome is acting unusual

GNOME needs the correct permissions for these folders in order to run. I believe that GNOME has a system user account which it uses, and a quick check of the passwd file confirms this. Set the permissions back as soon as you can - you might need to log into another computer with this system and possibly copy the permissions over for each directory. Don't do this kind of thing again, if you need to modify these files use sudo or su.


How to delete History of installed packages

To remove the history.

sudo rm -rf /var/log/apt/history.log /var/log/dpkg.log

I would advise to make a backup just in case!  That can be done by

mkdir ~/apt-logs
sudo cp /var/log/{dpkg,apt/history}.log ~/apt-logs

You also need /var/log/dpkg.log


Apache doesn't start after reinstallation

Mai 21 19:12:32 v14268 apachectl[23971]: AH00526:
Syntax error on line 3 of /etc/apache2/conf-
enabled/phpmyadmin.conf:
Mai 21 19:12:32 v14268 apachectl[23971]: Invalid
command 'Alias', perhaps misspelled or defined by a
module not included in the server configuration

That means that in line 3 of the file /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/phpmyadmin.conf you are using an Alias command that Apache doesn't understand.

Most likely that's because the Apache module mod_alias is not activated. Run

sudo a2enmod alias

to activate it.


I suggest installing a driver this way

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rtl8192cu-dkms linux-firmware


resolveconf -u keeps adding an unwanted search domain to resolve.conf

For ipv4, @stalet's suggestion to edit /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf should work; also try removing domain-search and domain-name from the request.  Verify the settings worked in /var/lib/NetworkManager/dhclient-[connection-uuid]-[ifname].lease.

However, the unwanted search domain may be coming from the ipv6 dhcp server, as I found on 16.04/Xenial.  If NetworkManager's dhclient -6 command succeeds and the dhcp server sets search domains, NetworkManager will merge those into the ipv4 search domain list.

A simple way to fix this on a connection-by-connection basis is to configure the connection's ipv6 settings to "Method: Automatic, addresses only" or even "Method:  Ignore".

Setting this for each connection could become annoying, and I looked pretty hard but couldn't find a way to fix this globally.  Adding supersede dhcp6.domain-search to and removing request dhcp6.domain-search from /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf doesn't seem to help.  Also, copying that file to /etc/dhcp/dhclient6.conf caused NetworkManager to correctly template it to /var/lib/NetworkManager/dhclient6-[ifname].conf, but NetworkManager insists on adding also request dhcp6.domain-search;, and the unwanted search domain is still added.


python installation error. python:i386 unmet dependency

For the more technical, you could build your own from source.

1 - Download and extract v2.7.6 - https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.6/Python-2.7.6.tar.xz

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.5/Python-2.7.6.tar.xz && tar -xJvf Python-2.7.6.tar.xz

2 - Move into the dir

cd Python-2.7.6

3 - Configure

./configure

4 - Make & install

make && sudo make install

5 - Check

python command should bring up a prompt containing something like

Python 2.7.6 (default, Nov 23 2017, 15:49:48)
[GCC 4.8.4] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>


Although I'm unsure if all these existed in the 10.04 version of Ubuntu, I'm putting this answer here in case it does and also so it can be used for newer releases. You can use upstart to start a GUI application when a user logs in and have it require that networking is up first.

Run a GUI application

env DISPLAY=:0.0
exec /usr/bin/firefox

Run when a user logs in

This makes use of D-Bus Service Activation.
Add "UpstartJob=true" to file "/usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.ConsoleKit.service".
Create a job configuration file corresponding to the D-Bus service, say /etc/init/user-login.conf [12]:

start on dbus-activation org.freedesktop.ConsoleKit
exec /usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon

Ensure that the D-Bus daemon ("dbus-daemon") is started with the --activation=upstart option (see /etc/init/dbus.conf).

Now, when a user logs in, D-Bus will emit the dbus-activation event, specifying the D-Bus service started. You can now create other jobs that start on user-login.

Depend on another service

start on (started networking and user-login)

By combining these three things in an upstart job, you can start Firefox when a user logs in and the network is started (although you may want to specify which interface is up)


How to change Function (Fn) Key behavior on wireless Logitech keyboard

Solaar is a graphical utility that has the ability to configure the Fn key functionality on newer devices:

Since Ubuntu 15.04 (Vivid), Solaar can be installed from the repositories (sudo apt-get install solaar). After installation, you can search for Solaar in the applications menu and start it from there.

A command line interface is also available. Example usage:

$ solaar show
...
  2: Wireless Illuminated Keyboard K800
...
$ solaar config 2
fn-swap = False
$ solaar config 2 fn-swap on
fn-swap = True

Note that these settings are not persistent, you will loose it after reboot. This may change in future versions of Solaar.

I have previously created the ltunify tool which is a Unifying tool that is able to communicate in the older HID++ 1.0 protocol. Until the next version of Solaar is released (current version is 0.8.7), you can use ltunify to toggle the Fn key on an older device such as the K800 keyboard.

Installation instructions (taken from https://askubuntu.com/a/114089/6969):

sudo apt-get install git gcc
git clone https://git.lekensteyn.nl/ltunify.git -b fkeyswap
cd ltunify
make install-home

The command ltunify fkeyswap shows the current status:

$ sudo ltunify fkeyswap
F key functions are not swapped

To swap the functionality, run ltunify fkeyswap on:

$ sudo ltunify fkeyswap on
F key functions are now swapped

There is also an off action:

$ sudo ltunify fkeyswap off
F key functions are now normal

Please leave a comment if it does not work so it can be fixed. The above functionality uses undocumented hardware registers.


What exactly is written to disk with an LVM basic install on 1T drive?

I can only answer with the following reservations: (1) The LVM install was only the initial setup and no files were written to the LVM system, (2) The intel-MAC OS X 10.10.5 1TB drive was restored to apparent perfect filesystem order after reversing the LVM rewrite of the MBR-GPT.  Apple's Disk Utility said the system was all ok, except for some notable minor aberration with the 'partition map' that it corrected (I reviewed the MBR-GPT and found nothing different than what I restored.) (3) The beginning of 2 of the new LVM partitions fell near where damage should have occurred if, for example, a
file system Master File Table was written to disk. (4) There were archive files from vgcreate and lvcreate, but I decided not to use them because an internal look disclosed text meta-data for the programs and not binary data.
Here are the backup/archive files:

ubuntu-studio@ubuntu-studio:~$ sudo vgcfgrestore -l ubuntu-studio-vg

  File:     /etc/lvm/archive/ubuntu-studio-vg_00000-1891332443.vg
VG name:        ubuntu-studio-vg
Description:    Created *before* executing 'vgcreate ubuntu-studio-vg /dev/sda3'
Backup Time:    Mon Mar 21 08:54:25 2016

  File:     /etc/lvm/archive/ubuntu-studio-vg_00001-1577468959.vg
VG name:        ubuntu-studio-vg
Description:    Created *before* executing 'lvcreate -l 236242 -n root ubuntu-studio-vg'
Backup Time:    Mon Mar 21 08:54:27 2016

  File:     /etc/lvm/archive/ubuntu-studio-vg_00002-1979915262.vg
VG name:        ubuntu-studio-vg
Description:    Created *before* executing 'lvcreate -l 2032 -n swap_1 ubuntu-studio-vg'
Backup Time:    Mon Mar 21 08:54:28 2016

  File:     /etc/lvm/backup/ubuntu-studio-vg
VG name:        ubuntu-studio-vg
Description:    Created *after* executing 'lvcreate -l 2032 -n swap_1 ubuntu-studio-vg'
Backup Time:    Mon Mar 21 08:54:28 2016

My first thought was that the archives were binary files of the sectors overwritten, and the backup is the lvm data structure, but this doesn't seem to be the case.  The documentation isn't clear at all about such archive and backup files.

The partitions made by Ubuntu install LVM are as follows (1TB drive, 512 byte sectors, 1 MiB partition boundaries) via gdisk command-p:

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048         1050623   512.0 MiB   8300
   2         1050624         1550335   244.0 MiB   8300
   3         1550336      1953523711   930.8 GiB   8E00

The codes are from gdisk version 0.8.8, 8300 = Linux filesystem, 8E00 = Linux LVM.

For comparison:
The MAC had 4 KiB partition boundaries, Protective MBR, Standard GPT, see
https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/technotes/tn2166/_index.html (2006)
for very useful information that doesn't seem to completely apply to my ex-wife's MAC: EFI had 'boot' attribute and apparently used.  No free space between 'Customer' and 'Recovery HD'.  Note, Wikipedia 'GPT partition' correlated gdisk 'Apple boot' as also 'Recovery HD', and apparently it is correct, because Apple's Disk Utility said specifically that 'Partition map' and 'Recovery HD' were in good order.  Here is the MACs partitions as shown by gdisk command-p.  The names are standard names of gdisk, but they can be changed after setting the code (GUID)(if important):

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1              40          409639   200.0 MiB   EF00  EFI System
   2          409640      1952255591   930.7 GiB   AF00  Apple HFS/HFS+
   3      1952255592      1953525127   619.9 MiB   AB00  Apple boot

Command (? for help): i
Partition number (1-3): 1
Partition GUID code: C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B (EFI System)
Partition unique GUID: 90381538-1853-482F-AC87-F0D020A7F166
First sector: 40 (at 20.0 KiB)
Last sector: 409639 (at 200.0 MiB)
Partition size: 409600 sectors (200.0 MiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000004
Partition name: 'EFI system partition'

Command (? for help): i
Partition number (1-3): 2
Partition GUID code: 48465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC (Apple HFS/HFS+)
Partition unique GUID: 62AE0BBA-6C11-423E-89DC-C855437BF0F7
First sector: 409640 (at 200.0 MiB)
Last sector: 1952255591 (at 930.9 GiB)
Partition size: 1951845952 sectors (930.7 GiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000000
Partition name: 'Customer'

Command (? for help): i
Partition number (1-3): 3
Partition GUID code: 426F6F74-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC (Apple boot)
Partition unique GUID: 9F160AE6-1D09-4A25-BD09-D622A94B48F9
First sector: 1952255592 (at 930.9 GiB)
Last sector: 1953525127 (at 931.5 GiB)
Partition size: 1269536 sectors (619.9 MiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000000
Partition name: 'Recovery HD'

But, apparently, nothing more than the rewriting of the MBR-GPT was done. Ubuntu 14.04.4 LVM install just put GUIDs for Linux filesystem and Linux LVM.  It is notable that the MBR (Master Boot Record) was rewritten into a hybrid MBR instead of the standard Protective MBR, but it's not clear why this was done -- something that Ubuntu needs or thinks might be needed/useful on this 2013 intel MAC (Spain).

My explanation of LVMs lack of writing to disk is that LVM uses just LBA information without any formatting writing to disk, and perhaps only writes meta-data to disk when it writes data to disk (in this case, it never did).  Maybe somebody can explain this. What are the half GiB and quarter GiB partitions used for?

This information will be useful if you mistakenly enter the LVM install and don't have or want to do a full 1TB restore from backup.  The first half of /var/log/partman will give you all you need to rebuild the MBR-GPT with GPT-fdisk (named gdisk).  It's a great tool with an author with a mischievous sense of humor.

I should say a few words about using gdisk, but this isn't the place.)
It's best to practice with a new tool before doing serious work.

Good luck and good cheer to all.


Is there a GUI to edit the PATH variable?

Thing is... path is set inside several text files based on what you want to accomplish, like in ~/.profile for the user, /etc/profile as a default for users, /etc/environment for the system or /etc/bash.bashrc for system wide interactive bash shells. In some of these $PATH is set as part of some coding.

So a text editor is the most logical thing to use. Like gedit if you want it graphical but you will still be looking at the same type of deal as with nano or vi from commandline. But it will not be possible with something where you edit in some directories with an input box to browse directories since in Linux PATH can have some more logic to it than simply editing a variable.

My advice: get used to command line editing for things like this and similar things. It will one day help you fix your problems when not being able to login or Unity crashing just after login.

There is more likely to be a reason for it being done this way. Linux has many more ways of doing things then either of us will ever use but that does not mean someone else does not need them.

For Latex I would suggest adding it to /etc/bash.bashrc. That is the place to edit path for system wide bash shells.

gksu gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

After adding it in and saving you can check with

echo $PATH

if it is set correctly (and this will be permament).


Need help with AR8161 and i217v ethernet drivers

This page says it's the homepage of the driver alx: http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/alx It further says it was updated on March 05, 2013. It refers to the git tree here: https://github.com/erikarn/alx As you can see, it was last changed two years ago. I therefore suggest that you have the latest (old) driver version.

According to modinfo, there are no manipulable parameters in the driver. You might, however, see if you can see the errors here:

cat /var/log/syslog | grep -e eth0 -e alx | tail -n25

As the output is lengthy, I suggest you paste it here and give us the link: http://paste.ubuntu.com.

Perhaps there is a change in the router or BIOS that will help. I am especially suspicious about this since the usually reliable Intel doesn't perform well either.

I don't see much about your interfaces that is troubling, however, I'd be certain the selected IP address is outside the DHCP range used in the router and you might simplify it a bit: http://paste.ubuntu.com/9752880/

Also, what are your instability symptoms?

With more information, I will edit this answer and propose a solution.


Show only selected data in text file without removing any data from it

After you do your sorting as you described above, run the file through other text processing tools, such as awk as shown in the comment by Rinzwind above or sed, every time you want to display it. This is text processing, and it's one of the things which makes working with Linux (and Ubuntu) so useful.

Then, put the commands in a shell script. Scripting it will make running it flawlessly easier, because instead of typing the exact command every time, you only need to type the name of the script to run it.

Scripting means write a file with the commands you want to use with a shebang on the very first line, then make that text file executable as a shell script. If the name of the script you make is "showmax", then you would make it executable so you could run it by typing its name.
The contents of "showmax" could contain:

#!/bin/sh
# /user/local/bin/showmax 2019-08-15 fedeaimar
# Sort the sourcefile on maximum temp then show just the date
#
sort -k 5 -n /path/to/sourcefile | awk '{print $1, $2, $3}'
# end of script

In "showmax', you will need to replace /path/to/ with the location of the data file, and sourcefile with the name of the file your data is in.

To make "showmax" executable, do

chmod u+x showmax

then move it into /usr/local/bin so it can be found from anywhere.

You could even put it on your desktop if you wish.


Try installing the fglrx, fglrx-core gives you "Minimal video driver for the AMD graphics accelerators", while the fglrx would give you a more "complete" installation.

like:

  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install fglrx

or (includes the catalyst center)

  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-amdcccle fglrx-dev


Ubuntu 18.04 and dolphin file manager's terminal did not work

if you use Dolpin via terminal install the dolphin and konsole . konsole is different program but working together

   $ sudo apt-get install dolphin konsole


Title bar disappears on some applications when maximizing some windows in Ubuntu 18.04

GNOME Terminal always opens maximised did lead me to the answer it was with a program Maximus I had installed to run some games in fullscreen windowed mode that I don't even use anymore so after purging it and rebooting all problems had been fixed. If you are using Maximus and want to continue using it for other purposes than hiding title bars I did also figure out that pressing Alt+Space+X will bring them back.


Can I set GNOME Control Center as default in Ubuntu (Unity) 16.04?

Unity Control Center is deeply integrated into the original Ubuntu operating system with the default desktop environment Unity and that's the reason why it has to be the default Control Center. When you want to have the GNOME Control Center as default, you should consider to install Ubuntu GNOME with the default desktop environment GNOME, it's up to you to decide what is more important for you, using original Ubuntu or using integrated Office 365 account.

Please note that this answers the main question about making GNOME Control Center being default, I can't guarantee that Microsoft Office 365 service integration works properly at all - because when it comes to "Microsoft loves Linux" ... well, I don't wanna say too much here ...


It seems you don't know what apt-get does. It basically uses your software repositories to install .deb packages. If you want to download something from the internet using the command line, you should use the wget command.


Removing Windows will delete ALL Windows software. So that is a firm YES to your question.

You can wipe your whole disc (and all Windows related items) during the installation of Ubuntu so need to do anything special upfront or after installing. At some point it will ask what to do with the disc lay-out (ie. partitioning). If you choose "wipe disc" it will do this for you (you can do it also with the "something else" option but that would require for you to have some understanding on how to manually alter your partitions. Might be a bit overwhelming for a new user).


If I understand your question correctly, you want to:

Look for files under /etc and /usr
Select only those files which are under 5k in size
Delete them

In that case, what you want is this:

find /etc /usr -type f -size -5k -delete

Notice that there is no need for -exec, since you can simply use the -delete option.

In your question you wrote -size +1k. Did you mean to ask about finding files which are between 1k and 5k in size? If that was the case, then you can simply specify the -size option twice:

find /etc /usr -type f -size +1k -size -5k -delete


NTFS / windows partitions disappeared after updating Ubuntu from 13.04 to 13.10

Run the "Disk Utility" application to determine if you still have your Windows partition. If you do, then this page is your friend: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MountingWindowsPartitions


Configure a cron job to run only if laptop is plugged in?

I would expand a bit on the first answer, and instead do something like this for a cron entry:

[ $(cat /proc/acpi/ac_adapter/AC/state | awk '{print $NF}') = 'on-line' ] && /path/to/your/script_file

I would rather not even start my script, unless the test is successful. In this instance cron will never start the script, if the laptop is on battery.


How do I turn off font pixel antialiasing only in Terminal?

You can control the antialiasing of fonts in ~/.fonts.conf.  Doing so on an individual program basis requires some trickery, though.

<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
<fontconfig>
  <dir>~/.fonts</dir>
  <alias>
    <family>XTerm</family>
    <prefer><family>Envy Code R</family></prefer>
    <default><family>monospace</family></default>
  </alias>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family">
      <string>XTerm</string>
    </test>
    <edit mode="assign" name="family">
      <string>Envy Code R</string>
    </edit>
    <edit mode="assign" name="antialias">
      <bool>false</bool>
    </edit>
  </match>
</fontconfig>

This creates a font alias called XTerm which maps to Envy Code R but disables antialiasing.  Run fc-cache ~/.fonts, and you should then be able to select that font in Terminal.

If you don't mind (or even prefer) the font used in the Terminal always being non-antialiased in any program, it's a bit simpler:

<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
<fontconfig>
  <dir>~/.fonts</dir>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family">
      <string>Envy Code R</string>
    </test>
    <edit mode="assign" name="antialias">
      <bool>false</bool>
    </edit>
  </match>
</fontconfig>

which doesn't require any other font hackery and insures that Envy Code R is always antialiased.

You can also constrain the font sizes where antialiasing can be performed:

<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
<fontconfig>
  <dir>~/.fonts</dir>
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family">
      <string>Envy Code R</string>
    </test>
    <test name="size" qual="any" compare="less">
      <double>8</double>
    </test>
    <edit mode="assign" name="antialias">
      <bool>false</bool>
    </edit>
  </match>
</fontconfig>

to prevent antialiasing for Envy Code R when it is smaller than 8 point.

This article on the Arch Wiki shows how to tweak fonts in more detail.  man fonts.conf is a reference to the configuration language, but without much in the way of practical examples.


how to make a bootable usb for ubuntu 16.04

I am assuming you are using windows. Here is a good tutorial from the official Ubuntu website.

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows

As Ubuntu documentation states you should download the release your are wanting from their website.

Ubuntu Downloads

You will also need a program to create the bootable usb.
I and Ubuntu will recommend Rufus which can be found here:

Rufus Downloads

Open Rufus and select your USB stick in the 'Device' dropdown.
Click the CD Rom icon next to the 'FreeDOS' dropdown, then find your downloaded Ubuntu ISO and click 'Open' and then 'Start'
Click 'Yes' when it asks to download Syslinux software
Click 'OK' to write in ISO Image mode
Confirm that your USB stick is selected and then 'OK' to continue
When it is finished, just restart your computer and start using Ubuntu, or you can install Ubuntu

These steps are directly from the Ubuntu documentation mentioned above.


Can't upload to PPA because of GPG signature

For whatever reason GnuPG doesn't find your own public key in your key ring when it tries to verify the signature on the changes file. I tried to run the verification myself successfully, so it's no malformed changes file or something like that.

As a workaround you can run dput with the --unchecked flag to skip the signature verification.


Lenovo Thinkpad W520 cpufreq frequency scaling not working

Ralf - I cant answer your specific question - but there is a long thread on ubuntu forums with various experiences encountered with your laptop

One particular interesting post#8 was acpi issues with your BIOS - possibly you need to use v1.22.

Later on there it mentions a recently released bios version 1.26 that could also resolve acpi issues.

Others mention you should stay clear of 64bit Ubuntu unless you are prepared to install kernel 3.0rc or kernel 2.6.39.


Apache occasionally hangs, won't stop or restart

When apache hangs again, try to use strace to attach to the process using PID and see the syscalls made and signals received by the process. This will help to get closer to the root cause.
Example: strace -tT -pPID, Output to a file strace -tT -pPID -o /path/to/tmux_output
Make sure you upgrade VirtualBox to 4.2.16 and install Guest Additions for the guest.
Try to move your files to local file system instead of serving from NFS.


How to give a non sudoer access to a kernel module special device file?

A general recipe to set permissions on kernel modules access is to add a file to /etc/udev/rules.d. For example, you can create a file /etc/udev/rules.d/99-kvm.rules with the following text:

KERNEL=="kvm", GROUP="kvm-users"


Is it possible to use the 'unity-greeter' for LightDM on Xubuntu 11.10?

Yes, this should work.  Please have a look at /var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log to see why LightDM is failing to start Unity Greeter.


The base directory will be...

/home/$USER/.wine/

There will be a dosdevices/ in there with windows styled labels in there (ie. c, d etc).


How did I get a folder with the name of dot "." in Recent list place?

I would say that the problem here is a bug in Geany, which is responsible for populating your recent files list with the faulty entry. It should be using a 'real path' instead of a path with . in it when creating these entries.

https://github.com/geany/geany/blob/12b9f27a795f7ec8c1faf6c225314a09b6c5f7af/src/ui_utils.c

I can't see where your . filepath would have come from. I tried opening a file in Geany, and the new entry in ~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel that appeared had the correct filename there, not a .. But if there is some use-case where you can open a directory in Geany, then that could be how you ended up with this entry in your recently-used file list. I would simply remove the whole chunk for the recently-used file list (or delete the file completely and restart, I can't imagine that would cause problems)


The requested URL /xampp/ was not found on this server.

You must change DocumentRoot in VirtualHost

File is /opt/lampp/etc/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin web@your_site.com
    DocumentRoot "/opt/lampp/htdocs/your_site"
    ServerName your_site.com
    ErrorLog "logs/your_site.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/your_site.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>


I asked same question in the XFCE4 support forum. https://forum.xfce.org/viewtopic.php?pid=43174#p43174

The answer is that the Alt-Middle click behavior (pushes window to bottom of stack) is hard coded in the xfwm4 source code. Only way to change it is to recompile xfwm4. Helpful person pointed at src file events.c line 928 for revision. I found easy to build new package and now have xfwm4 behaving the way I want!

In case you have not tried this for yourself, the process is much more straightforward than one might expect. It seems quite a bit better than it was just 18 months ago.  In brief, get the source for the package, fiddle the source code, try to rebuild, let it make a patch, then build again.

$ sudo apt-get build-dep xfwm4
$ mkdir -p tmp/xfmw4
$ cd tmp/xfwm4
$ apt-get source xfwm4
$ cd xfwm4-4.12.3/src
$ vi events.c

In that file I made a correction that amounted to this patchfile.

+++ xfwm4-4.12.3/src/events.c
@@ -925,7 +925,8 @@ handleButtonPress (DisplayInfo *display_
         }
         else if ((ev->button == Button2) && (state) && (state == screen_info->params->easy_click))
         {
-            clientLower (c, None);
+            /* clientLower (c, None); */
+            button1Action (c, ev);
         }
         else if ((ev->button == Button3) && (state) && (state == screen_info->params->easy_click))
         {

This causes the Alt-Middle and Alt-Left behaviors to be the same.  I  fiddle those lines in the source, then run

$ dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot

In new version of this program, there is a very handy feature. The builder notices you edited the file and it makes a patch for you and puts the patch in the debian directory, under patches.  Read the output, it will be obvious what to do.

$ dpkg-source commit

Before running the builder again, edit the changelog to update the version. The easiest way is to use the helper named "dch"

$ dch

Opens a dialogue where you need to make sure you are incrementing the package name, so that when you install the new xfwm4 you will build, it gets a new number.

Then run the builder again

$ dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot

If all goes well, then the new packages will be in the directory above.

$ cd ..
$ sudo dpkg -i xfwm4_4.12.3-1ubuntu4_amd64.deb
$ xfwm4 --replace &

You'll see the effect of the change right away.

If you've never rebuild a Debian/Ubuntu package, you might as well download the source and give it a try. This is one of the most satisfying parts of being a Linux user.

This change in xfwm4 helps me quite a lot because this touchpad is, well, very difficult to use. Without looking down at the touchpad, I find it impossible to know for sure where the left button area ends and the middle button begins. My right thumb does not always reach far enough to find the left button.  By making the left and middle button alt-click behaviors the same, I reduce the error rate quite a bit.

In caveman talk, I'd say to Dell: "trackpad bad! buttons good!". I know I'm out of style here.


Nautilus-the-file-browser is smart enough to notice that you're renaming a "special" folder ("Downloads" in your case) and adjust its settings to use the new name.

The settings are stored in the file $HOME/.config/user-dirs.dirs - you can either edit this or just do some trickery with renaming your current Downloads2 back to Downloads via Nautilus.

Then you can move the contents from there to a separate partition and then mounting that partition as $HOME/Downloads.

See this question for more details.


Cantata (mpd) not playing after upgrading to kubuntu 20.04

From all things I tried, I guess in the end it were two problems:
Wrong file permissions of /etc/mpd.conf
Run this in a console:
mpd -v

I don't know what -v is doing exactly - it's not even documented at man mpd :-( Anyway, if you're getting

exception: Failed to open '/etc/mpd.conf': Permission denied

... you need to fix this first. Give read access to user "mpd" (group "audio") - or just to anybody :-)
If you're getting

config_file: loading file /etc/mpd.conf

... this step is OK.
The rest of the output isn't important - it probably just means that mpd is already running (which is OK):

exception: Failed to bind to '127.0.0.1:6600'
exception: nested: Failed to bind socket: Address already in use

Wrong audio device
lspci -knn|grep -iA2 audio

... shows me that I have two devices. Open mpd.conf and find
audio_output {
    type        "alsa"
    name        "My ALSA Device"
#   device      "hw:0,0"    # optional

Change the last line to
    device      "hw:1,0"    # optional

Maybe you need to restart:
sudo service mpd restart

This fixed it for me :-)


DNS server address no longer stored in resolv.conf; where is it now?

The information is managed internally by Network Manager.  You can get this information on the command line using the included nmcli tool.

You can retrieve Network Manager's information for a particular network interface with the following command:

nmcli dev list iface eth0

(replace eth0 with the interface you are connecting with).  The output will include information about the interface and the currently active connection on that interface:

GENERAL.DEVICE:                         eth0
GENERAL.TYPE:                           802-3-ethernet
...
IP4.DNS[1]:                             192.168.0.1
...

It shouldn't be too difficult to extract the information you are after from this output.

If you need a programmatic method of accessing this data that doesn't rely on the output of nmcli, this information should also be available from Network Manager's D-Bus interface.


Generating list of installed localization packages

Assuming that you selected English when installing, these commands ought to add all the language and language support packages for both Czech and English:

sudo mkdir /usr/share/locale-langpack/cs
sudo apt-get install $(check-language-support)


The best way I've found to install RStudio on Kubuntu (16.04 currently) is by downloading RStudio .deb file, first.

Open a terminal:

sudo dpkg -i rstudio-0.99.903-amd64.deb (or whatever version you downloaded)
If that fails, which it has always done for me, you'll need to install dependencies libjpeg62, libgstreamer0.10-0, libstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0. Try:
sudo apt-get install libjpeg62
You'll probably be prompted with something like:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
rstudio : Depends: libgstreamer0.10-0 but it is not going to be installed
        Depends: libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 but it is not going to be installed
        Recommends: r-base (>= 2.11.1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

Go ahead and try: apt-get -f install and the dependencies should be installed.

'This command does the same thing as Edit->Fix Broken Packages in Synaptic. Do this if you get complaints about packages with "unmet dependencies"'. (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGet/Howto)

Try again: sudo dpkg -i apt-get install rstudio-0.99.903-amd64.deb and RStudio should install just fine.

Any questions or comments to improve this process will be appreciated.

Thanks


How do I create a DMG file on linux Ubuntu for MacOS

There are several ways that this can be accomplished under Ubuntu and I describe here one technique that I have tested on Ubuntu 18.04 and also tested the resulting dmg file on a colleague's MacOS computer. Out of the several techniques that have been suggested online I believe this one is the better choice!

There are only a few relatively straightforward steps to follow:

Install some applications: First you will need to install hfsprogs which is a port of Apple's Open Source tools for HFS+ filesystems:

sudo apt-get install hfsprogs

This will provide the necessary tool to work with Apple's HFS+ filesystem.
Create the HFS+ file: Next you will create a 16MB dmg file and format it to HFS+ wih the following two command lines:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/my_application.dmg bs=1M count=16 status=progress
mkfs.hfsplus -v Install /tmp/my_application.dmg

There are a few variables here which you should look at: you can alter the count=16 to reflect the size dmg file that you need and you can alter the volume label, given here as -v Install.
Mount the file, copy your program: Now you can create a mount point, mount your dmg file there, copy your program files to the mounted dmg files and then unmount it all:

mkdir -pv /mnt/tmp
sudo mount -o loop /tmp/my_application.dmg /mnt/tmp
sudo cp -av my_program /mnt/tmp
sudo umount /mnt/tmp

The variable to alter here is of course the actual name of your application in the cp command which I have given above simply as my_program.

Now your completed dmg file is sitting in /tmp/my_application.dmg ready for deployment and testing on MacOS!

References:

How to build a dmg Mac OS X file (on a non-Mac platform)? A coverage of some of the different techniques to create a working dmg file.


Alternative way to activate keyboard layout

I have the same situation as you (often switching between 2 layouts and only rarely needing a third layout).
The way I did it is to have one script which is for switching between 2 frequent layouts:
currentLayout=$(setxkbmap -query | grep layout | awk '{print $2}')
if [ $currentLayout = "us" ]
then
    setxkbmap ru -option caps:escape && notify-send -t 1000 "RU"
else
    setxkbmap us -option caps:escape && notify-send -t 1000 "US"
fi

And have another script for the third layout:
setxkbmap gr -option caps:escape && notify-send -t 1000 "GR"

Then set two hotkeys for those two scripts. The way this works is if you're currently on Greek, activating the first script will switch to US (due to else statement) and then further activations of the first script toggles between US and RU.


What should my Emacs version be on Ubuntu 18.04?

On my Ubuntu system (20.04) the software is in nearly every case later than on my equivalent Debian (bullseye/11 testing/sid) system (there are a few where they are exactly equal, I'm not aware of any where debian is later but it's possible and it's usually only by hours or day or two unless Ubuntu is in a freeze state).

In your text, you're comparing a 2018-April release of Ubuntu to a Debian release of 2019-July ? Those releases are more than a year apart - so why do you expect the older Ubuntu release to have versions that weren't yet released in 2018-April.

Ubuntu backports security fixes; and only updates to later versions of software IF the backporting of security fixes is more work that just upgrading software versions (testing etc). That is not unique to Ubuntu. If you want the latest, you could use a later release (eg. Ubuntu 19.10 being the 2019-October release).

Package versions have NOTHING to do with the software contained within. Package versions are maintained to allow upgrades; and release-upgrades to the next release - THUS they need to increment even if software contained within is identical as you move from one release to the next using release-upgrade process, minor packaging or text file changes which is not part of upstream's code. It's a wrong assumption to assume package version relates to software within (despite sometimes they are equivalent; those are only "lucky' co-incidences as they are really something different). This statement applies both to Debian and Ubuntu.

For looking up software version, I'd suggest packages.ubuntu.com (eg. https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?suite=all&searchon=names&keywords=emacs for details of emacs).  You can also explore via your terminal providing your software package lists are up-to-date and you are using a current mirror (a number of people don't check their mirrors in my experience)


Is the a way to download a file to ftp from chrome?

You can use CurlFTPFs to mount your FTP server in a local directory where you can then download files via any download manager including Chrome's built-in one. The files will be uploaded automatically and transparently.

CurlFtpFS is a filesystem for accessing FTP hosts based on FUSE and libcurl

First you'll need to install CurlFTPs
sudo aptitude install curlftpfs

Edit your fstab
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab
and add the following line:

curlftpfs#ftpUsername:ftpPassword@ftp://ftpUrl /localDirectory fuse rw,uid=1000,umask=0777,user,suid,allow_other,exec,auto,utf8  0   1

Save and exit then run mount -a

You'll need to edit /etc/rc.local to make it run properly at boot. Add the following before the exit 0 line:

sudo curlftpfs -o umask=0777,uid=1000,gid=1000,allow_other ftp://username:password@your.ftpserver.here /localdirectory


How to restart Gnome Shell after a crash short of killing X?

I will assume you are running 3.2 Currently due to the obvious bugs the best thing to do is 1 of the following.

The first thing to do is create a seperate profile in whatever terminal you have as default, or whichever it would be if you opened a terminal from your file browsers right click menu. Try to name this profile something you will notice like Restart Shell. In this new profile you want to set it to 'Run a custom command instead of my shell', you would find this in Gnome Terminal under Edit>Profile Preferences>Title and Command. Check the box and insert

gnome-shell --replace

Next do one of the follwing when you run into a crash. Always remember to keep the terminal running once it's open.:

a) Keep a browser open. Example, Firefox is open, no Title Bars and you can't restart, close anything that might be blocking the focus of Firefox. In FF click Tools>Downloads and find a recent download, right click on it and click Open Containing Folder. Now right click and Open in Terminal. It will now either open your default profile or you will right click and select the Restart Shell profile and open a new tab, thus automatically starting a new shell. You must now keep the terminal open.

b) always keep a terminal open. Then when you crash, you just select the alternate profile, and open a new tab which should launch that profile and the command to start a new shell.

c) In empathy and pidgin, perhaps other IM clients as well, type file:/// and hit enter. This will allow you to click the link and should open your file browser(Nautilus). If not, try right clicking on it and selecting the appropriate action. From the browser you open the terminal by right clicking.

All of these options can come in handy and help prevent a lot of frustration. One thing to remember is sometimes to get to the window you need, i.e Firefox, since everything might be blocking focus; File>Exit, should normally do the trick.


Reverting sudo apt-get purge indicator-power

I can't speak to indicator-power but I can answer the main part of the question:

apt purge deletes all the configuration files shipped with a package. If you make alterations and then purge, your changes are lost. You could attempt data recovery techniques but something like that is a needle in a haystack.


how to skip "execute file" dialog in lubuntu (PCManFM)

Open PCManFM,
Go to Edit/Preferences/General,
Check box for "Don't ask options on launch executable file"


D-Bus introduction

D-Bus provides means for communicating between services. Services can be anonymous (identified solely by bus address, like :1.6), and services can aquire well-known names, like org.freedesktop.Notifications or org.freedesktop.NetworkManager. The sender and destination which you can see in the logs are services. "Null destination" means broadcast: delivery to all services.
A service can export one or several objects to the bus. Objects are given object paths, like /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1 or /org/ayatana/menu/DA00003. Object paths use slash as separator, like filesystem paths.
Each object can support one or several interfaces. An interface is nothing more than a set of methods and signals, coloquially known as members (very similar to OOP interface). Methods and signals have fixed signatures. Members are always namespaced within well-known interface names.
Once published, well-known names never change.
Any service can connect to another service's signals and asynchronously call its methods. Any service can emit signals.

Signals

Now to your specific questions.

signal sender=:1.1948 -> dest=(null destination) serial=1829990 path=/org/ayatana/menu/DA00003; interface=org.ayatana.dbusmenu; member=ItemPropertyUpdated
int32 23
string "enabled"
variant boolean true

Yes, you're right, this is a signal. It's broadcasted by service :1.1948, and "self" object is /org/ayatana/menu/DA00003. The signal has name ItemPropertyUpdated which is defined in the interface org.ayatana.dbusmenu (like org.ayatana.dbusmenu::ItemPropertyUpdated in C++). The serial, I guess, is a kind of unique identifier of the event on the bus.

Then we see the signal arguments. According to the interface documentation, the first int32 argument is an item's id, second string is its property name, and the third variant is the property value. So, the /org/ayatana/menu/DA00003 object is notifying us
that the item id #23 changed its enabled property to true.

Another example on signals:

signal sender=:1.1602 -> dest=(null destination) serial=20408 path=/im/pidgin/purple/PurpleObject; interface=im.pidgin.purple.PurpleInterface; member=SendingChatMsg
   int32 47893
   string "test"
   uint32 1
signal sender=:1.1602 -> dest=(null destination) serial=20409 path=/im/pidgin/purple/PurpleObject; interface=im.pidgin.purple.PurpleInterface; member=IrcSendingText
   int32 64170
   string "PRIVMSG #chat :test

I sent a text message "test" using Pidgin to an IRC channel, and /im/pidgin/purple/PurpleObject emitted two signals under the im.pidgin.purple.PurpleInterface interface: first a general SendingChatMsg, then a more specific IrcSendingText.

Methods

Now methods. Methods are a way to ask D-Bus objects to do something, or to perform some query and return data. They are quite similar to classic OOP methods, except that D-Bus methods are called asynchronously.

Let's call a D-Bus method programmatically.

import dbus, dbus.proxies

#-- connect to the session bus (as opposed to the system bus)
session = dbus.SessionBus()

#-- create proxy object of D-Bus object
obj_proxy = dbus.proxies.ProxyObject(conn=session,
         bus_name="org.freedesktop.Notifications",     #-- name of the service we are retrieving object from
         object_path="/org/freedesktop/Notifications") #-- the object path

#-- create proxy object of the D-Bus object wrapped into specific interface
intf_proxy = dbus.proxies.Interface(obj_proxy, "org.freedesktop.Notifications")

#-- lastly, create proxy object of the D-Bus method
method_proxy = intf_proxy.get_dbus_method("Notify")

#-- ... and call the method
method_proxy("test from python",
             dbus.UInt32(0),
             "bluetooth",     #-- icon name
             "Notification summary",
             "Here goes notification body",
             [], {},
             5) #-- timeout

Note the arguments, especially the icon name. In your example "notification-audio-volume-medium" was the icon of medium-powered volume speaker.

Custom services

It is absolutely possible to run your own D-Bus services, export your own D-Bus objects and define your own D-Bus interfaces with your own methods and signals. This all can be done in Python pretty easily once you grasp the overall concept and read the dbus module documentation. :)


Screen flickering on 16.04 TLS 1 When the laptop is on battery

If it happens when at the BIOS setup screen (or in memory test, freedos, etc.) it might be a hardware issue: the battery is defective and cannot deliver enough power.


Nvidia-smi shows CUDA version, but CUDA is not installed

Be aware that the CUDA VERSION displayed by nvidia-smi associated with newer drivers is the DRIVER API COMPATIBILITY VERSION. It does not indicate anything at all about what CUDA version is actually installed. For example: A 410.72 driver will display CUDA VERSION 10.0 even when no CUDA toolkit is installed.


I cant install gnome classic or the shell one

Have you run sudo apt-get update yet?

You need to do that on a fresh install or it doesn't know where things are.


Adobe dropped releasing new flash beyond 11.2 for linux.

The easiest way to use new flash is to install Google Chrome. It has built-in Pepper Flash. The newest possible version.

Another solution is to install pipelight. It is a plugin, which lets to use a Windows version of Adobe flash. It can be installed by running:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:pipelight/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends pipelight-multi
sudo pipelight-plugin --update
pipelight-plugin --enable flash

A good guide is HERE. It lets enable not only flash, but silverlight too. This plugin works with Firefox quite well


If the problem is permissions, you can do sudo chown -R marek:marek /home/marek, in case you've changed ownership somehow. In order to give yourself the required permissions, you can do sudo chmod -R u+rw /home/marek. That will attempt to give you read and write permissions on all files and folders in your home. Of course, this all assumes that your username is marek and that your home is /home/marek.


getting the desirable output with gawk/awk


RNDC Sync Failed - could not set file modification time of /etc/bind/slave

I solved the issue myself.

Create a folder called slaves under /etc/bind/
Go into named.conf & replace /etc/bind/slave with /etc/bind/slaves & let it propergate.

You don't need any of the zone files as it will grab them from the Primary name server.

RNDC reload zonename (Speeds it up for that single domain)

I think because I copied the slave folder from another system the permissions were root:bind & the new folder that was created was bind:bind which is why it works.

But it's odd I did change the permissions on the folder/files to bind:bind but the main thing is its working now.

Hopefully this helps others who are migrating form an OpenBSD Name Server etc


/etc/hosts contains hostnames, not URLs. Try

127.0.0.1 facebook.com www.facebook.com


ISY WLAN USB-Adapter IWL 1000 N150 not recognized

I've managed to get this stick working, but driver quality seems to be poor, I got some disconnects here.
To me it looks like the IWL 1000 is in fact a Belkin Components F7D1101 v1 Basic Wireless Adapter [Realtek RTL8188SU]. This device is supported by the r8712u kernel module. But the ISY IWL has a different device ID so the driver doesn't get loaded automatically.
So you could assign the new ID to the kernel module:

echo 'install r8712u /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install r8712u; /bin/echo "050d 11f1" > /sys/bus/usb/drivers/r8712u/new_id' | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/r8712u.conf

after that see if it was successful:

sudo modprobe r8712u
iwconfig
dmesg | egrep 'rtl|wlan|Firm'

You should get something like this:

[ 2392.062628] r8712u: register rtl8712_netdev_ops to netdev_ops
[ 2392.797877] r8712u: Loading firmware from "rtlwifi/rtl8712u.bin"
[ 2393.127647] udevd[2991]: renamed network interface wlan1 to wlan2


why i have to hold caps-lock+shift together to enable capitalized typing in ubuntu terminal?

Well.I find:
1.the first time i log in the terminal(reload computer rather than close the terminal and open again),i can type lower case,if i hold the shift key,then the case will turn upper.

2.if i press the caps lock key,then the situation will turn around which means that i will type upper case without holding any keys and have to hold the shift key in order to type lower case

3.there ever exited a situation that if i pressed win+caps-lock,i could change the situation,but only one times it worked.


Ubuntu login sound missing in GNOME Shell

Download dconf editor if you haven't already. Then click in this order org -> gnome -> desktop -> sound. Once in sound, click on the theme name there (it says freedesktop if I'm not mistaken) and change it to ubuntu (lowercase!) and exit. Log out and log back in to hear the glorious drums :)


Problem with recursive rar archiving non-ascii filenames

I think that your command will just work with UTF-8 enabled in the shell, so all you need to do is enable that. To do this run first the following command:

export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

To make the change permanently, add the above line in your ~/.bashrc file.


Gvim always starts in the home directory!

Sorry for resurrecting such an old question, but I found it when I had the same problem, so maybe the solution I finally found can help someone who stumbles upon this like me.

Just add

cd %:h

to your .vimrc. That way, (g)vim changes to the directory of the current file at start, which means, unlike with autochdir, no plugins get broken. Also, you can still edit a file in a subdirectory and still run commands in the working directory.

That means, when you have you bibfile in a subdirectory, you could edit it and run bibtex while you have that file still open. With autochdir you would have to change to a file in the working directory first.

Hope that helps someone! :)


If the PGP signatures are verified and the signed hashes match, that means the ISOs were created by the Ubuntu teams' build process. Nothing tampered the data while you downloaded it. However, this doesn't say anything about the build process itself. That could be compromised and spewing malware.

It does, however, guarantee that something on your system didn't modify the ISOs. The signatures can't be faked in a practical sense.


3 bugs after starting Marionnet 0.90.6 and cant add Machine in new project

it seems that you had built/downloaded only binaries of Marionnet. This tool requires also images of virtual router and virtul workstation. I'm not sure about the UML error, but please follow the steps described here: marionnet_from_scratch. This script does all the checks, installs and downloads. Good luck wit your project.


No text in message writing area on WeChat with Wine and Ubuntu 16.04

Digging a bit deeper and googling the fixme error lead me here.

Turns out running winetricks riched20 will solve this problem.


cd command not working properly, can't get to desktop

Linux is case sensitive.
The folder created by Ubuntu is named "Desktop", not "desktop".

Just type:

cd ~/Desktop

or

cd /ho[tab]myu[tab]De[tab]

(Just an example how to use tab for auto completion.)


How to know the name of the systray applications in order to add it one by one on the systray-whitelist?

Found that on a blog

dbus-send --type=method_call --print-reply \
--dest=com.canonical.indicator.application \
/com/canonical/indicator/application/service \
com.canonical.indicator.application.service.GetApplications | grep "object path"

Gives you the names of all running indicators.


How can I use Ubuntu 18.04 for monitoring LAN traffic via bridged interfaces?

Ettercap should do exactly what you want:

sudo apt install ettercap-graphical

And then run it as root:

sudo ettercap -G

And under the sniff menu, select bridged sniffing. This will pop up a window with drop-down boxes. Select your two network interfaces. This will start bridged sniffing if your sniffer, useful for a box that is in between router and modem.

More info:

Ettercap Tutorial For Network Sniffing and Man In The Middle
Ettercap ManPage

You can also look into other applications like tcpdump and wireshark:

sudo apt install wireshark tcpdump

And you can learn how to use them with the manpages:

man wireshark
man tcpdump
man ettercap


Adobe after effect alternative, for creating effects

Try Blender. It is capable of create all types of visual effects, and works better on Ubuntu than on Windows, in my opinion. It is hard to use at first, but it is just as powerful as the commercial software packages.


Ubuntu (and all of its derivatives with a desktop environment) have a GUI tool for adding applications to startup.

It should be named "Startup" or something like that. Search in the Dash or Launcher or whatever your desktop environment has.

(You might want to use this video tutorial.)


Ubuntu .pam_environment for non-login shell

~/.pam_environment (and /etc/environment) is parsed when you log in (including when you log in graphically). After that, all processes run from a logged in session will inherit the environment variables set in those two files.

Note though, that ~/.pam_enviornment is not a shell script. It only accepts KEY=VALUE pairs; it won't expand ~ or $VAR or any other such shell syntax, so it's not usable for all cases. If you want to prefix/append ~/bin to PATH for instance, you'll have to do that in ~/.profile. Because PATH=~/bin:$PATH won't be interpreted correctly by pam_env.

~/.profile is also read when you log in graphically.


recordMyDesktop stopped working after upgrade

Thanks fot the answers, proprably my problem it's for a dirty upgrad from Ubuntu 9.10 to 10.04 and now the upgrade to the 10.10. IMHO, the problem is in the applet bar up-right, time ago after an update I've lost the Shutdown menù.

I will formatt and install a clear 10.10 version from ISO.

Recrod myDesktop save in ogv with Theora codec and it's a best quality that I never seen, converting it in a sequence of image, there isn't blur and you can use they for a textual tutorial.


18.04 LTS - Is there a installation candidate for the emovix package?

I see the following:

Global package search on https://pkgs.org show results with 0.8.4 version only from Debian 7 (wheezy) and related Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (trusty).
Search on the https://repology.org show the same 0.8.4 in Debian and children.

But you can install this package manually on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS with the following commands:

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/m/movixmaker-2/movixmaker-2_0.8.4-2_all.deb
sudo apt install ./movixmaker-2_0.8.4-2_all.deb

but it will not work with error:

$ movixmaker-2
Can't use 'defined(@array)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?) at /usr/bin/movixmaker-2 line 214.

so this package seems to be abandoned.

The last possibility is to get files from SourceForge file pages:

wget https://datapacket.dl.sourceforge.net/project/movix/eMoviX/0.9/emovix_0.9.0-1_all.deb
sudo apt install ./emovix_0.9.0-1_all.deb

and maybe others. This will result in:

$ movix-version
0.9.0


eeepc 1018pb dual display wrong resolution size

I guess you will not be able to fix this, at least not with Unity 3D (I guess you use this). The reason: when using two screens, the screens are represented as one big screen. No matter whether the two small screens are merged side by side or over each other, you exceed the maximum resolution of the graphics hardware.

Solutions are: live without 3D support, means try Unity 2D or another desktop manager without 3D hardware acceleration.

or

Choose a resolution (of the internal or external screen) where either the sum of the horizontal or the sum of the vertical pixles is <= 2048


How do I perform easy switching to external monitor

The nvidia tool nvidia-settings can be used from command line, but is not capable to activate or deactivate screens. xrandr is not supported by the propietary NVIDIA-drvers.

To switch displays you can use the tool disper: disper on launchpad It's a command line tools, wich exactly fits your problem an is easy to use.

Some example scripts for automatic switching at startup can be found here: Ubuntuusers.de wiki

I use these scripts to switch my monitors. It works perfectly.


Problem with upgrade to 20.04 affect Windows as well

I update the Nvidia driver on Ubuntu from 435 to 440, and I set the microsoft boot loader as default (instead of GNU Grub).
Now all works perfectly


After upgrading from 16.04 to 18.04, I cannot run terminal and many apps don't load

Did you run this command after the following steps? -

This should be your last step - sudo do-release-upgrade -d

Step 1: Update Ubuntu 16.04 Server
Before upgrading to Ubuntu 18.04, you should first update the current 16.04. It’s recommended to update/upgrade all installed packages before upgrading. To update Ubuntu, connect to the server and run the commands below:

sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade && sudo apt autoremove && sudo apt autoclean -y

Step 2: Install Ubuntu Update Manager
After updating Ubuntu 16.04 server, run the commands below to install update-manager-core if it is not already installed.

sudo apt-get install update-manager-core

Then open the update-manager configuration file and make sure the Prompt line is set to lts

sudo nano /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades

Confirm that the Prompt is equal lts

Default behavior for the release upgrader.

[DEFAULT]
# Default prompting behavior, valid options:
#
#  never  - Never check for a new release.
#  normal - Check to see if a new release is available.  If more than one new
#           release is found, the release upgrader will attempt to upgrade to
#           the release that immediately succeeds the currently-running
#           release.
#  lts    - Check to see if a new LTS release is available.  The upgrader
#           will attempt to upgrade to the first LTS release available after
#           the currently-running one.  Note that this option should not be
#           used if the currently-running release is not itself an LTS
#           release, since in that case the upgrader won't be able to
#           determine if a newer release is available.
Prompt=lts
If not, change it to lts and save the file.

Step 3: Perform Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Upgrade
Now that your system is ready, run the commands below to begin Ubuntu upgrade to the latest development release..

sudo do-release-upgrade -d


No GUI after Login, GUI works if I drop into TTY terminal then back to lightDM

It was a nomodeset issue with Nvidia drivers. One can find the solution here

Is nomodeset still required?


Server accessible from laptop, but not iPad or Android phone

The answer to the title of your question is: "did you realize that Android does NOT respect the DHCP supplied value for the DNS"? In other words, Android uses the Google 8.8.8.8 DNS, regardless of what your access point (Plume?) tells it to use. 8.8.8.8 does not know the addresses of your internal IPs.


How do I connect two networks for specific applications?

Bridging Networks

Bridging multiple interfaces is a more advanced configuration, but is very useful in multiple scenarios. One scenario is setting up a bridge with multiple network interfaces, then using a firewall to filter traffic between two network segments. Another scenario is using bridge on a system with one interface to allow virtual machines direct access to the outside network. The following example covers the latter scenario.

Before configuring a bridge you will need to install the bridge-utils package. To install the package, in a terminal enter:

sudo apt-get install bridge-utils

Next, configure the bridge by editing /etc/network/interfaces:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto br0
iface br0 inet static
        address 192.168.0.10
        network 192.168.0.0
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        broadcast 192.168.0.255
        gateway 192.168.0.1
        bridge_ports eth0
        bridge_fd 9
        bridge_hello 2
        bridge_maxage 12
        bridge_stp off

Enter the appropriate values for your physical interface and network.

Now restart networking to enable the bridge interface:

How to restart the networking service?

The new bridge interface should now be up and running. The brctl provides useful information about the state of the bridge, controls which interfaces are part of the bridge, etc. See man brctl for more information.

This is taken directly from the Ubuntu Documentation: Network Configuration


Cannot boot Ubuntu at all, default is windows 10

For the initial problem. Have you tried going into the BIOS settings menu and changing the default boot order? Put Ubuntu on top and Windows as the second option. Ubuntu by default shows you the boot menu and let's you choose.
For the second problem, I recommend checking this out: How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?).


To completely uninstall Docker:

Step 1

dpkg -l | grep -i docker

To identify what installed package you have:

Step 2

sudo apt-get purge -y docker-engine docker docker.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli
sudo apt-get autoremove -y --purge docker-engine docker docker.io docker-ce

The above commands will not remove images, containers, volumes, or user created configuration files on your host. If you wish to delete all images, containers, and volumes run the following commands:

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker /etc/docker
sudo rm /etc/apparmor.d/docker
sudo groupdel docker
sudo rm -rf /var/run/docker.sock

You have removed Docker from the system completely.


Will my files be compatible if I migrate to Ubuntu?

Yes, most of your documents will be compatible with Ubuntu 11.10.

Word, Excel will be readable with Libre Office (maybe the layout will be a little off) but it will work.

PDF, no problem

For your Audio you can install Banshee (default player i think) or Rhythmbox (you will need to install)

For your Video, I recommend VLC, very easy multimedia player to play all your videos.

As of messenger, you can use Pidgin (which you can setup your MSN account), there's another one by default but I don't like it. (Not sure about your log tho, maybe you can save them somewhere in your documents for reference).

If they are not installed by default, you can use the Ubuntu Software Center to install them.

Here's how to install Pidgin (example):

open the Ubuntu Software Center (if you use Unity it will be on the left of your screen)

Then search for Pidgin:

click on the link and install:

You can repeat these steps for the other softwares like VLC or Rhythmbox or any other software you want to install.


Fixing broken update-motd.d folder and files on headless Ubuntu ssh server

I actually had the same problem and my mistake was very simple:
i forgot the #!/bin/sh


Audio output going to earphone port on starting ubuntu

Default sinks ares stored in ~/.config/pulse/. In case audio ports are fine in a guest session (check this first!) we can reset to defaults by removing the pulse configuration directory with:

mv ~/.config/pulse ~/.config/pulse.old

After that it is advisable to restart the PulseAudio sound server with

pulseaudio -k


Recursively rename all files whose name starts with a dash

Using find and rename:

find . -iname '-*' -execdir rename -n 's:./-:./:' {} +

find . -iname '-*' matches all filenames beginning with a -, and then -execdir ... {} + runs the command with those filenames as arguments, after cding to the directory containing the files. This means that the command arguments always has filenames of the form ./-foo. Then it's easy to just match the - after the ./ in a regex.


Qt sdk for ubuntu development creating 3 Qml2puppet upon design mode

This is the feedback from #ubuntu-touch I got about this when I asked in the middle of June:

  (21:22:54) vadi: Also in the Welcome tab, when I click on the Develop tab, I get a whole lot of unresponsive windows opened. Is this known?
  (21:23:04) vadi: About four of them...
  (21:23:23) popey: I have seen that before, yes
  (21:23:40) vadi: Okay
  (21:23:52) popey: I had to clear out my .config/QtProject folder to fix that iirc


External monitor requires exiting to work on i3wm

I had the same problem but I read the manual of xrandr and I saw interesting commands and properties.
Generally in your system (if you use a laptop), the output use by the HDMI port is "HDMI-2" and your screen name is "eDP-1".

You can process xrandr for seeing information about screens (name of the output, ...).

sudo apt install xrandr

# duplicate your screen
xrandr --output <your_output> --auto

# extand your screen (left "--left-of", right "--right-of", top "--above", down "--below")
xrandr --output <your_output> --auto --right-of <your_screen>

PS: you can see all your ouputs with

xrandr

PS2: It is available on all linux distributions as long as there is the xrandr package


Subscribe for DBUS event of screen power off

Well, it sucks that I can't leave a comment because I don't have the "reputation". This is more of a comment than a solution.

I have been looking for something similar, and I'm monitoring 'org.gnome.SessionManager.Presence' instead. I have LEDs behind my monitor for bias lighting, and I want to turn them off/on with the monitor.

This works if I lock my computer manually, however if I leave the "screen off" and the "lock screen after" settings at different intervals, the LEDs turn off when the monitor turns off, however when the screensaver lock kicks in it turns the LEDs on again.

_getState () {
  dbus-monitor --session "type=signal,interface=org.gnome.SessionManager.Presence,member=StatusChanged" |
  while read x; do
    case "$x" in
      *"uint32 3"*)
          /home/victor/bin/devices/kasa_cntrl.sh off
          echo -e "$(date)\t-\tTurned off" >> "$log"
          ;;
      *"uint32 0"*)
          /home/victor/bin/devices/kasa_cntrl.sh on
          echo -e "$(date)\t-\tTurned on" >> "$log"
          ;;
    esac
  done
}

Reference:
https://www.organicdesign.co.nz/PoisonTap_solution


How to mount root.disk from WUBI when booted from dual boot install of Ubuntu?

Not exactly mount a mount, but close. You are supposed to mount a block device contained on a file inside a filesystem that, obviously, is inside a real block device.

In other words: How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?

The key is the parameter -o loop.

Assuming that:

The Windows partition is /dev/sda4.
The root partition file is located on /ubuntu/disks/root.disk inside the Windows partition.
The directories /media/win7Wubi and /media/ubuntu1104 were already created.

Use these two commands on this order:

mount -t ntfs /dev/sda4 /media/win7Wubi
mount -t ext4 -o loop /media/win7Wubi/ubuntu/disks/root.disk /media/ubuntu1104


How to fully erase windows 8 and install Ubuntu?

Well, to start off with the main issue is that Windows 8 computers have "Secure Boot"
and "UEFI". If your computer has the Bios options to enable Legacy Boot and disable Secure Boot then you should be able to easily install any Linux Distro. Refer to these for more information:

http://www.zdnet.com/hp-pavilion-dm1-4310-ssd-installation-and-fun-with-efi-boot-7000008168/
http://www.zdnet.com/more-fun-with-windows-8-uefi-secure-boot-fedora-and-ubuntu-7000009292/


You are trying to run a faulty copy of Minecraft. It contains a 32bit library that Java cannot load.

Honestly, have you obtained Minecraft in a legal manner? I do not believe an official copy would have such a bug.


Where is info for specific compiz settings, like "clone output" and "Window Previews"?

Try these... Compiz Wiki CCSM

These pages have been around for years, and are likely to stay around.

Here is the page for "Window Previews"

On the other-hand, it doesn't have any thing on "Clone Output"

And good luck!


Yes you can.  But I would go with Ubuntu 13.04, specially if it will be the only OS on your system.  For more info about 13.04 check out the Release Notes

To download 13.04 32Bit or 64Bit.

If you have a reason for using 12.04, then you can download the 32Bit or the 64Bit

Once you download the release that you like, you can burn 12.04 to a CD or 13.04 to a DVD.  Also you can create a bootable USB if you so desire.

If you decided on 13.04, then you can check out the Install Ubuntu 13.04 website.

If you decided on 12.04, then you can check out the Install Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS
website.

Both of these site have all the information that you need to install, burn your media, and how to create a bootable USB.


Installing python3-netcdf4 on Ubuntu 14.04

The python3-netcdf4 package does not exist for Ubuntu 14.04 as you can see from http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?suite=all&searchon=names&keywords=python3-netcdf4. However, netCDF4 can be found on PyPI (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/netCDF4).

Instead of using sudo pip to install Python packages at the system level, I recommend installing them via pip in a virtualenv. First, install virtualenv using apt-get. Second, create a virtualenv and activate it. Last, use pip to install netCDF4. The code to do so is given by:

sudo apt-update && sudo apt-get install virtualenv
cd ~/<desired directory>
virtualenv venv -p python3
source venv/bin/activate
pip install -U pip
pip install netCDF4

Replace <desired directory> with where you want to create the virtualenv.


Ubuntu server 16.04 can't ping outside IP's or domains or do updates

default via 192.168.1.254 dev eno1 onlink
192.168.11.0/24 dev eno1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.11.199

So your local network is 192.168.11.0/24 by the looks of it, and your IP address on eno1 is 192.168.11.199.

But your default gateway is 192.168.1.254.

This will not work. Your local gateway is outside your local network, so you have no means of contacting it.

You have to check your network settings in /etc/network/interfaces, so that the configuration is consistent. When that's done verify that you're able to ping your default gateway.

In addition, it seems that your defined DNS servers do not work. Some suggested servers would be Cloudflare's, at 1.1.1.1 or Google's at 8.8.8.8.

In /etc/network/interfaces you will have a line like

dns-nameservers 41...

Change this to dns-nameservers 1.1.1.1 for instance, and either reboot, or edit /etc/resolv.conf and replace the current nameserver 41... lines with nameserver 1.1.1.1.

Verify that you're able to ping google.com


How do I merge my /boot partition to be a part of the / partition?

Short answer: If it ain't broke, don't fix it.

Long answer: If you insist on fixing what ain't broke:

Open a Terminal window.
Type sudo mkdir /boot2
Type sudo cp -a /boot/* /boot2/
Type sudo umount /boot
Type sudo rmdir /boot
Type sudo mv /boot2 /boot
Edit /etc/fstab and comment out the line that defines the mount point for /boot.
Type sudo grub-install
Type sudo update-grub (if you're using a BIOS-based install, you'll also need to specify a device filename -- probably /dev/sda)
Optionally delete the /boot partition and resize the root (/) partition. See here for details on how to do this.

I have not tested this procedure! If I've forgotten something or if there's an unexpected error, your system will be rendered unbootable! Hence:

Please reconsider my "short answer," above.


Actually amd64 refers to 64-bit architecture in general. It's the same for both Intel x86_64 and Amd chips.

I don't know what you are trying to achieve, but you may want to look into using more full-featured virtual machine software like VMWare Player or Virtualbox. Both are free.


Explanation

Failed to stop grub-common.service: Unit grub-common.service not loaded.
invoke-rc.d: initscript grub-common, action "stop" failed.
dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 5
dpkg: trying script from the new package instead ...

The package manager is trying to stop the grub-common service, however your system is in an inconsistent state and it fails. The pre-removal script of grub-common is located here:

/var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-common.prerm

It ends with the following part, on my system:

# Automatically added by dh_installinit
if [ -x "/etc/init.d/grub-common" ] || [ -e "/etc/init/grub-common.conf" ]; then
        invoke-rc.d grub-common stop || exit $?
fi
# End automatically added section

As you can see, it is testing for the presence of either one of two files (/etc/init.d/grub-common and /etc/init/grub-common.conf) and executing invoke-rc.d grub-common stop if they are there. This commands is failing.

Directions

Rename the aforementioned files to keep them but "deactivate" them:

sudo mv /etc/init.d/grub-common /etc/init.d/grub-common.bak
sudo mv /etc/init/grub-common.conf /etc/init/grub-common.conf.bak

If one of these two commands fails, do not worry.

After this step, you should be able to fix the packages with:

sudo apt-get install -f


I usually face this when my computer is up for days and i don't clean my thumbnails folder.

what i do is i run this command to delete old previews and force generating new ones.

rm ~/.cache/thumbnails/ -R

since i work with alot of images i added a line in my crontab to do so every 5 mins.

crontab -e

i add

*/5 * * * * rm ~/.cache/thumbnails/ -R


No mention of ARM versions of Lubuntu .. on the main website?

Unfortunately it takes time and effort to maintain a distro on any given platform, and making it publicly available on that platform without someone willing to take ownership of it would be irresponsible. If you require LXDE on ARM and prefer an Ubuntu variant then I recommend you install Ubuntu for now, opting to install LXDE so that it is available from first boot.


Automate backups creation from multiple locations, structure them by date, mantain local and cloud incremental backups

I also had to read some document to get myself ready to reach your goal, let's start!
Without know the type of data and the access frequency you can use rsync to synchronize the folder you want to backup in to a temporary directory to perform the incremental backup I'm suggesting to use tar for compress 7zip for  encription and for remote copy rclone.

source tar:
http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/html_node/Incremental-Dumps.html
source rsync: https://download.samba.org/pub/rsync/rsync.html
Source 7zip: https://linux.die.net/man/1/7z
source rclone dbox: https://rclone.org/dropbox/
bash scripting: https://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/

So what I will to do done this task, supposing the folders to backup is /home/user and /home/user2 the temporary directory is /media/Backup/folder_name__date1.
I'll start a script with two rsync job one for folder to obtain the following structure:

mkdir -pv /media/Backup/folder_name__`date +%Y%m%d`
Backup/
└── folder_name__20180910
    ├── user
    └── user1

the rsync command to do so are:

rsync -a /home/user /media/Backup/folder_name__20180910
rsync -a /home/user1 /media/Backup/folder_name__20180910

ATTENTION: if the source path are end with a / will not create a destination folder but sync all the data in the root destination folder.

Now you had an exact copy in a place you are sure data will not accessed during the backup process, this is important to guarantee the data quality and also to let tar working properly, it base the incremental on the time stamp of files.
let's create our archive:

tar --create \
           --file=/path/where/you/like/folder_name__20180910.tar \
           -C /media/Backup/ \
           --listed-incremental=/var/log/db.snar \
           folder_name__20180910

--create Indicate to create and archive
--file Indicate the path where the tar will be saved
--listed-incremental this is the path of the database where tar will look to search the delta of data
-C Indicate to tar the working directory, this permit you to not have an archive with all the folder of the path, with this you will find folder_name__20180910 in the root of the tar
The last is the folder to add in the archive

IMPORTANT: the database tar create have to be the same also in the future, if it change you will have always a full

Now we have our first backup! let's encrypt it!

password=`date | md5sum | cut -c1-15`
echo ${password} > /root/folder_name__20180910.pwd && chmod 400 /root/folder_name__20180910.pwd
/root/folder_name__date1.pwd
7z a -mhe=on -p`echo ${password}` \
-t7z -m0=lzma -mx=9 -mfb=64 -md=32m -ms=on \
/path/where/you/like/folder_name__20180910.7z \
/path/where/you/like/folder_name__20180910.tar

here we generate a random password from the md5sum of date (you can use various way to do it) save the password in a file match the archive and save it in to the /root folder after this we create the compressed archive.

last step, copy it remotely on a cloud service, I assume you read the documentation and the account in rclone is configured as remotecopydata and if you want remotecopypassword

rclone copy /path/where/you/like/folder_name__20180910.7z remotecopydata:Backup
rclone copy /path/where/you/like/folder_name__20180910.7z remotecopypassword:Backup

BASH To automate in to bash in a quick & dirty way you could just adapt the command in this post in a file it should work! To add some control read the bash documentation at tlpd.org or search also here, a lot of question on bash command to how to do something.

To let script run automatically every day at midnight:

crontab -e

and add:

MAILTO=amail@boxes.org
0 0 * * * /path/to/your/scrypt.sh

the MAILTO= let all the messages from the script sent to the e-mail configured.
Add some control to the script before run it automaticaly

That's all, I hope you will find this post helpful!


How do I recover my data from my ZFS formatted drive?

Not an actual "solution" per se, but perhaps some food for thought perhaps. ;-)
I think you may just need to be a little more patient with ZFS (and maybe add some more RAM too!) and let it do it's work... :-)
If, as you say, you are at 100% capacity for your zpool, ZFS could potentially be INCREDIBLY SLOW!
The volume I have doesn't seem very big, and it's not all that "full" either - yet it still takes a long time to complete a scrub.
Just imagine how much information is being processed by ZFS when the data's integrity is dependant on a Merkle tree - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree
So, why might it be slow?
At least two easy reasons (both will compound being close to 100% capacity!):

No data specific datesets (eg. big files in one dataset, small files in another)
The blocksize is not tuned for the content of the dataset - see above point, and the Merkle tree link.

truenas% zpool list Storage
NAME      SIZE  ALLOC   FREE  CKPOINT  EXPANDSZ   FRAG    CAP  DEDUP    HEALTH  ALTROOT
Storage  14.5T  10.9T  3.66T        -         -     0%    74%  1.00x    ONLINE  /mnt

truenas% zfs list Storage
NAME      USED  AVAIL     REFER  MOUNTPOINT
Storage  5.27T  1.55T      192K  /mnt/Storage

truenas% zpool status Storage | grep scrub
  scan: scrub repaired 0B in 05:33:26 with 0 errors on Sun Jan 10 05:33:26 2021

While this is an old example, it could still be somewhat relevant for you - we have no idea what the configuration of your system is, or what your pool consists of in terms of files and layout etc.
https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/issues/864
See also:
https://openzfs.org/wiki/System_Administration#Data_Integrity
https://youtu.be/Js535LqapFE
BTW: Not being able to Ctrl+C is a good thing when it comes to your filesystem. Although granted, sometimes you wish you could Ctrl+C especially the instant you discover you've had an "Oops!" moment!
EDIT: This may also be why the import is taking so long - https://serverfault.com/a/213866/255055


after upgrade ubuntu from 15.04 to 16.04, tor obfs4 ClientTransportPlugin isn't work

This a problem in the tor package which makes it against apparmor rules to let tor run the obfs4proxy as root. The quickest workaround is to run tor as a normal user and not root. to do so, first stop the tor service:

$ sudo systemctl stop tor.service

and run tor as your own user:

$ tor

The other way is to change apparmor rules, but this need a deep understanding of apparmor. You can see here for getting the idea, but I'm not sure this will fix this since I'm not an expert in apparmor.

Here is the reported and confirmed bug.


I recommend you do the following.
Create the directory:

mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql

Note: If you want to change the default dir above for mysql data storage, then you need to add the new dir in the apparmor config as well in order to use.

Install MySQL server packages and others.

sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client mysql-common

Apply ownership and permissions required.

chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql
chmod -R 775 /var/lib/mysql

If you don't want apparmor to make unnecessary issues, better disable it as follows.

sudo service apparmor stop
sudo ln -s /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld /etc/apparmor.d/disable/
sudo service apparmor restart
sudo aa-status

Now reboot the system.

sudo reboot

Now initialise MySQL as follows.

mysql_install_db

Check everything went fine. You can now use secure installation procedure.

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Thats all.


Crash during guided resize installation of 16.04.4 LTS from USB Flash drive

While I can't explain what the precise cause of the error is, it is probably related to not enough free space or some sort of "bad" partitioning.

You could try manual partitioning (there are guides for that) or just erase the drive completely. The latter definitely "resolves" the issue.


Nautilus can't extract password protected 7zip files

This is a known issue that has been already fixed and merged in nautilus master on Feb 13, 2018:

  If archive decompression fails due to missing support, Nautilus tries
  to launch the default application for the file type, which results in
  an infinite loop in cases where Nautilus is the default application.
  This commit removes that code and makes an application chooser always
  appear with a heading to inform the user.

While this fix does prevent Nautilus from crashing/using all CPU, it will not add 7z support in Nautilus.


How can I remap the Caps Lock key to be Shift Lock?

In Gnome, you can change Caps Lock beavior in Gnome-Tweak-tool, then Typing:

Unfortunately, due to a bug/misfeature, the descriptions are hardly readable (they are truncated too short). You should match that with the full descriptions in /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.lst --- this seems the one you want:

 caps:shiftlock       Caps Lock toggles ShiftLock (affects all keys)

Just select a couple of them until you get what you want.


Cannot access the eCampus website of my university

Found the answer here: http://derflounder.wordpress.com/2014/06/13/firefox-30-blocks-access-on-non-windows-platforms-to-sharepoint-and-iis-sites/

Open Firefox
In the address bar, enter the following: about:config
If prompted, click on the I’ll be careful, I promise! button.
Search for the following:

network.negotiate-auth.allow-insecure-ntlm-v1

Once the network.negotiate-auth.allow-insecure-ntlm-v1 setting is located, double-click on the setting. That should change the entry in the Value column from false to true.
Once the network.negotiate-auth.allow-insecure-ntlm-v1 setting has been set to true, close the Firefox browser window.
Open a new browser window and attempt to access the SharePoint-based or IIS-backed site. You should now be able to log in.


I had same issue on my dell xps with Intel centrino 1030N wifi adapter.

I've posted the solution today, try if this works for you.Wifi is slow and unstable on ubuntu 20.04 dual boot (DELL XPS-L502X)


How do I install the riched20 and riched30 Windows packages in Wine?

If deleting or renaming the file and trying again does not work, it may be that the file is no longer available at the location Winetricks is trying to download from.  You can check for an updated version of Winetricks at winetricks.org, and/or look up the location in the script and see if the file still exists at the listed location.  If not, you will need to find it manually.


have you tried with this

ffmpeg -ss 00:00:30.0 -t 00:00:10.0 -i input.wmv -acodec copy -vcodec copy -async 1 output.wmv

for more information , look at this https://superuser.com/questions/138331/using-ffmpeg-to-cut-up-video


If I need some program not in live installation, can I install the program without actually installing Lubuntu?

Yes.

However note that the / fs (file-system) used by 'live-mode' is created in memory & is a set size (the amount of memory allocated is fixed at boot-time and cannot be adjusted during operation). It can fill up if you add too many programs, or updates & your system can become unstable (primarily slow, but also unable to write to / as out-of-space). You'll unlikely reach this in testing the system, but it can be reached if you try & use it as if it's an installed system.

I've been doing QA-tests on Lubuntu 19.04 system(s) last 90+ minutes with no issues, even added apps for one part of test & didn't expect issues. But I was using a daily live. I'd expect a 18.04 (~9 months old) to be slightly different, as adding apps to that may require/cause updates to libs/packages that chew far more space than the single app installed  (the 19.04 daily being different as it was created <24 hours ago & I'd expect less library changes even though [active] development release). These deps. need to be considered, but it's still predictable.  If I add apps on a live system, I always use terminal so I can assess the dependencies being pulled in, whether new, or upgrades required & thus how it will effect my running system.


Increase Swap in Ubuntu 18.04 Under Lvm and Encrypted File System

The easiest solution would be to add a swap file.  If you are already encrypting your root file system, I would not bother with an encrypted swap file, which is only a little more difficult, but it is slower.  The advantage of a swap file is that you can remove it later to regain the disk space.  And the disk is already encrypted!

The steps are straightforward.  First, make the file.  For example, this would make 1GB of new swap:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=1024k

The of=/swapfile tells dd to put the new swap file in /swapfile.  You can call it anything you want.  You can add multiple swap files, too.  For recent Linux kernels, the speed is the same as a swap partition.

Then, you need to format the swap file as swap space, like so:

sudo mkswap /swapfile

This command will give you some output like:

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1048576 KiB

no label, UUID=83352590-ef57-49f5-84c4-7fb847e4e4e0

And that's your new swap file.  Finally, you need to activate the swap on your machine using the following command:

sudo swapon /swapfile

Now, sudo swapon -s should show you both the swap partition and the swap file.

I then recommend adding some security by changing permissions as follows:

sudo chown root:root /swapfile
sudo chmod 0600 /swapfile

If all seems good so far, you can add the swap file permanently by adding the the following line to /etc/fstab using your favorite editor:

/swapfile       none    swap    sw      0       0

You can add multiple swap files, of course.  And you can remove the swap file by using sudo swapoff /swapfile.

Hope this helps.


Try to download and install the following packages from trusty (2.2.5-1), choose the ones for your architecture (amd64 or i386):

http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/bluefish
http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/bluefish-data
http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/bluefish-plugins

Install the three deb files that you'll get like this:

sudo dpkg -i ./bluefish*.deb


Eliminate the top "mac-ish" file/edit/view/... menu after installing gnome?

To remove the global menu run sudo apt-get remove appmenu-gtk3 appmenu-gtk appmenu-qt in a terminal. You will need to restart your computer before the change takes effect.


If you stop the whole mail server like this (/etc/init.d/sendmail stop) you may encounter some difficulties to test correctly your code. For instance, when going thru the action that sends mail, it may wait too long and generate timeout because the mail server is not up, leading to you thinking that your code is not functioning.

My personal approach on the subject is not to stop the mail server, but it is to act at code level and at system level :

First of all, if you need to send mail, you don't need to have a full mail server like Sendmail or Postfix or Qmail installed. You can just install the ssmtp package which is enough to send mail using a mail relay configured into /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf.
If your application is sending mail by using a local binary like mail or sendmail, stopping the mail server may not be the solution : mails can be queued locally and if you start again the mail server, all the mails accumulated will be sent at once.
My ideal solution would be to send mail using the SMTP protocol directly from your application, by connecting to an IP address and a port (default 25), possibly using username and password to provide authentication.
If your application is able to send mail to a relay (being local or external), make sure that it is not hardcoded in your code but defined via a configuration file dedicated to your application. The same should apply for the destination e-mail addresses.
If you respect the previous point, then you can build a staging server which a different e-mail configuration. The configuration of the staging server can be to send mail to your personal e-mail address.
This approach as the advantages to allow you to test the e-mail functionalities too without disturbing the real destination of the production mails. Also you are sure you will don't create side effect of disabling a mail server.


How to access Apache2 virtual host from VirtualBox (or any VM)

Ah, It's as easy as pie.

In your windows Virtual Machine edit your hosts file

  c:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\hosts

And link your virtual hosts to 10.0.2.2, If you are just using localhost then replace

127.0.0.1 localhost with 10.0.2.2 localhost

So my hosts file looks like

  10.0.2.2 localhost
  10.0.2.2 site1.local
  10.0.2.2 site2.local


Solved by renaming compiz config folder. Location of this folder is: /home/username/.config/compiz-1 After renaming it restart your computer and compiz will create new folder with default settings.
when I booted my computer, I still coulnd't see Unity so I opened Nautilus, searched for ccsm in /usr/bin/ and activated Unity plugin manually.