I am having problems booting after I installed Ubuntu. How can I collect information to diagnose and fix the problem?

Using the boot-repair utility to create a BootInfo summary

The Boot-Repair utility is an easy to use tool which can help diagnose and repair  boot issues in Ubuntu. In particular, it can be used to easily create a BootInfo summary and share it as a pastebin on http://paste.ubuntu.com to help diagnose an Ubuntu boot issue.

Note: The example images used below are from Ubuntu 12.04 LTS desktop.

Start Ubuntu and, if necessary, login to display the Ubuntu desktop.
Note: If you cannot boot Ubuntu from your computer's  hard
drive, then boot from an Ubuntu Live CD (or USB) and select Try
Ubuntu.
You will need to be connected to the Internet for the steps below to
work. If your network is not connected, then try enabling it by
clicking on the connection in the menu of the Network Indicator.
Note: The Network Indicator icon is in the upper right-hand of the
desktop. (See example below.)

Open a terminal (command prompt) window.
Note: You should be able to use the keyboard shortcut
CtrlAlt+T to do this.
Enter the commands below one at a time into the terminal window. These commands use the system tool apt-get to install the boot-repair utility.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

  Note: If you display this answer in a browser window, then you can copy the text of a command into the clipboard and then paste it into the terminal. The keyboard shortcut ShiftCtrl+V should paste the content of the clipboard into the terminal window.

After the commands above have completed, enter the command boot-repair to start the utility.
After a slight delay, boot-repair will prompt you to download the
newest version. Since you just installed the latest version, answer
No.
Important: If boot-repair asks to install the pastebinit package, respond with Yes.
boot-repair will now scan your computer and then will display the window shown in the example below. Click on the Create a Bootinfo summary box/button. This will collect information about your computer's boot configuration. This will only collect information. No changes will be made to your computer's boot configuration.

After the Bootinfo summary has been created, boot-repair will display a message containing a URL. The message will look like the example below. The URL in the example is http://paste.ubuntu.com/943841/.

Important: Please add this URL to your question. The information in the pastebin this link points to will help us to understand what is happening on your computer.

Note: You can use the edit link (see screenshot below) to update/edit your question to add the URL to it.


Config test failed when restarting Apache

Use that syntax in the config file at line 14:

Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks


iso image is not getting burned properly!

Are you sure you are selecting "Burn image to disk" option rather than  "burn file to disk"?

Anyways, if you have nero, you can burn an existing image from there. just open nero >> extra >> burn image to disk [this order might change depending upon the nero versio you are using]

After doing that, you should be able to see the contents of the image in the nero window.
Just burn the disk and tell me if all goes right.

Cheers


How to remove text from a folder name after a certain word

Here's the code you need plus some test data you don't need:

#!/bin/bash

# NAME: truncate-dname
# PATH: $HOME/askubuntu/
# DESC: Answer for: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1249771/how-to-remove-text-from-a-folder-name-after-a-certain-word/1249785#1249785
# DATE: June 12, 2020

echo ==============  CREATE TEST DATA  ==================
mkdir -p dnames
cd dnames
mkdir -p "Song Band - Song Name download 9038450985934853434"
mkdir -p "Music List download dkjge3j6lk45j45756567"
mkdir -p "Video Chart download 4k645jel43k5yk574yryryrrtyryrryryrt"
ls

echo ==============  RENAME DIRECTORIES  ================
for old_name in ./*
do
    new_name="${old_name% download*}"
    mv -v "$old_name" "$new_name"
done

echo ==============  DELETE TEST DATA  ==================
ls
cd ..
rm -rf dnames

When you run the script you get this:
$ truncate-dname
============== CREATE TEST DATA ==================
Music List download dkjge3j6lk45j45756567
Song Band - Song Name download 9038450985934853434
Video Chart download 4k645jel43k5yk574yryryrrtyryrryryrt
============== RENAME DIRECTORIES ================
'./Music List download dkjge3j6lk45j45756567' -> './Music List'
'./Song Band - Song Name download 9038450985934853434' -> './Song Band - Song Name'
'./Video Chart download 4k645jel43k5yk574yryryrrtyryrryryrt' -> './Video Chart'
============== DELETE TEST DATA ==================
Music List  Song Band - Song Name  Video Chart

The key operation you want is to extract sub-string within string before a search string. For example:
$ a="Song Band - Song Name download 9038450985934853434"

$ b="${a% download*}"

$ echo $b
Song Band - Song Name

This process is a little tricky if the word "download" appears in the song title so it's in the filename twice:
$ c="People keep downloading my songs download 9038465489643541"

$ d="${c%% download*}"

$ echo $d
People keep

$ d="${c% download*}"

$ echo $d
People keep downloading my songs

When you have two %% it deletes everything after the first "download" occurrence which you don't want. So in this case you want to just use a single % so the last "download" is the cut off point.
There is also the # operation which searches in the opposite direction you definitely don't want:
$ c="People keep downloading my songs download 9038465489643541"

$ e="${c##* download}"

$ echo $e
9038465489643541

$ e="${c#* download}"

$ echo $e
ing my songs download 9038465489643541

Here is a thorough reference.


You can either upgrade pip globally using sudo:

sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip
sudo pip2 install --upgrade pip

Or you can upgrade it for your user only using the --user option:

pip3 install --upgrade --user pip
pip2 install --upgrade --user pip

Note that I upgrade both pips for Python 2 and Python 3. It's important to upgrade the version for Python 3 first, because the one you upgrade last will later be accessible through pip, which must be pip2 by default.

Important update:

As of pip version 10 (I think), the pip/pip3 command is broken, due to a change in the package structure which is not compatible with the launch scripts provided from the python-pip/python3-pip packages from apt. See Error after upgrading pip: cannot import name 'main' on Stack Overflow for details.

Quick fix: Don't run pip/pip3 any more, but instead always use python -m pip/python3 -m pip, which will not use the now incompatible executable scripts provided from your system's package manager, or don't upgrade your pip/pip3 version to 10 or higher.


Is the power regression/overheating bug fixed in Kernel 3.2?

Am guessing you are talking about laptops, video cards and specially Intel ones. There is an improvement mentioned in sites like Phoronix and OMGUbuntu but for what I have tested, is not yet activated. It should be by the end of 12.04 since the patches and changes are going to be applied to the 3.2 kernel anyway, which is the default for 12.04 now.

Why I suggest is to wait for the final release since this is an Alpha and an Alpha 1 for that matter and since our problem is very bad (power sucked out quickly and temperatures really bad) it is better to test it with something stable than something not quite finished yet.


Error Password: chsh: PAM: Authentication failure when try to install Oh my zsh

Download and run the script separately:

curl -OL https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh
bash install.sh

And you probably should undo the changes to /etc/pam.d/chsh.

Explanation:

Piping the text of a script to bash

cat script.sh | bash

is not the same as giving a script as parameter to bash

bash script.sh

By piping install.sh to bash, bash takes its standard input (stdin) from the pipe rather than the user. In this case chsh also seems to be receiving its input from stdin, which is the next line in the script after the call to chsh. (At the moment it seems to be an empty line. If it were your password, you wouldn't have any problem ;-) )

You can test this with this short script, in which read expects one line of input:

read -p 'input: ' INPUT
echo -n 'You wrote this: '
echo "> $INPUT <"

saved as script.sh:

$ bash script.sh
input: foobar
You wrote this: > foobar <
$ cat script.sh | bash
> echo -n 'You wrote this: ' <


Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS no internet using static IP for ethernet and dynamic for WIFI

You need to delete the default route via 10.0.0.1
Your "master" is basically a router and it has to know one and only one default route.
In the netplan, delete gateway4: 10.0.0.1
Then run:
sudo netplan generate --debug

If there are no errors:
sudo netplan apply

Remember that your internet gateway (192.168.0.1) will need NAT for your 10.0.0.0/24 network or you will need to add the NAT from 10.0.0.0/24 to IP learned from DHCP server if you want your nodes to reach the internet.


You can try to install the nvidia driver by launching jockey-gtk or simply by searching "drivers" in the dash.

If it that does not work, you can try to search your device in Nvidia's site , as they might have more resent drivers.

I would recommend you to install the ubuntu-restricted-extras package (to play the most common audio files, view flash videos, etc), altough there are open source alternatives.
I also recommend you to install the ttf-mscorefonts-installer package, so most webpages and documents can be viewed properly.

You should check this site for things that you can do after installing Ubuntu.

Good Luck!


/var and /usr eating up space- low on disk space - What do I delete?

The flatpak uninstall --unused command removes runtimes that are no longer needed.


It appears that Gnu Privacy Assistant uses multiple backends for listing keys. For me it lists X.509 certificates and smartcards besides the GnuPG keyring.

There's no indication these keys are shipped with the package or hard coded in the software. I assume you've installed certificates using your browser or other tools which are now listed in this frontend.

Verify no keys are added to your keyring with this command run from a terminal:

gpg --list-keys


How can I set the resolution and rotate the screen of an app launched with startx

I found the solution:
startx by itself launches what's in .xinitrc, you can override that and specify what file to launch, like how I was doing with startx myapp.appimage, in that case it's ignoring .xinitrc.
The solution was to update .xinitrc with:
xrandr --output DP-1 --rotate left --fb 1080x1920
myapp.appimage

but that's not all.
I had to remove nomodeset from GRUB so I could run (without errors):
Xorg :0 -configure
cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf

These 2 commands discovered my monitor and all the outputs ports, that made xrandr work with DP-1.
Then, calling startx (without specifying my app) would run .xinitrc and rotate the screen, set the resolution and launch my app.
It is likely that if I didn't add nomodeset to GRUB I would have found the solution earlier.


Most likely this is caused by a missing PGP key in your APT keyring. You can add the key with the following command:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 72D340A3

Of course you need to replace the key with your PPA key.

Also, the following command will add the key automatically:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:user/ppa-name

After adding the key, you need to run apt-get update to download and verify the signature.


blank login screen for laptop with Intel 965 Express Chipset Family

The solution to my problem was the following in 3 steps:

reinstall xserver:

sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

2... then run from recovery mode dpkg, 5 obsolete packages removed: x11-xfs-utils, libfs6, x11-apps, x11-session-utils, xinit.
3... I could login normally in graphics environment only as guest, so I had to login in tty and sudo rm ~/.Xauthority
Hope it helps someone else :)


Boot "hangs" when NVIDIA binary driver is installed

The solution to this is setting the nomodeset kernel option after installing the driver.

A good tutorial for Ubunutu for that would be here.


Clean Install on a Dual Boot System for Ubuntu/Windows

When you start up the installer, just make sure you are aware of path/disk name your Ubuntu disk has. There'll should be an option during the installation process that will ask you if you want to install over your previous version (will keep all your data, just install 20.04) or do a clean install (wipes all into oblivion). From there just like how you installed your previous Ubuntu version, find the disk you want to install 20.04 on in the disk selection/partition menu and select it and then continue onward with the installation.

This is what I've done with both clean installs and installs that merely replace the previous OS of 18.04.


What are all these extra icons in the Firefox Address Bar?

There are some questions on Mozilla Support that suggest the RSS Icon plugin can cause this behavior. Starting in Safe Mode can confirm that the problem is caused by a plugin, and then you can proceed to disable plugins to narrow down the culprit.


Far Cry has a horrible rating of "Garbage" on Wine HQ and will not run on Ubuntu

Unfortunately, gaming on Linux has always been a bit lacking due to lack of Linux releases. Sometimes, no matter how hard we try, we just can't get some things to work.


The only drivers you need to think about for the most time is the graphic drivers, they are found under additional software in system settings.

Start system settings from a terminal, open a terminal via ctrl + alt + t.

type this to start system settings:

unity-control-settings

Click on additional software and choose a graphic driver from there.

This will hopefully solve your screen issue. :)


The icon means that you have broken packages.  To fix that, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get --fix-broken install
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean && sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

Or you can install synaptic using

sudo apt-get install synaptic

Once installed, open the program, and click on Edit --> Fix Broken Packages.


Change the number of workspaces with keyboard

You can see a list of all the shortcuts of Xubuntu from System Settings > Keyboard then switch to Keyboard Shortcuts tab and then you will be able, beyond to see all of them, to change them and create new shortcuts.

For workspaces got to Navigation and change the shortcuts as desired.


ubuntu 12.04 Wireless problem hp pavilion

In the Additional Drivers application, check for any drivers pertaining to STA and disable them.

Open Terminal and enter the following command:

sudo apt-get remove b43-fwcutter broadcom-sta-common broadcom-sta-source firmware-b43-installer firmware-b43-lpphy-installer firmware-b43legacy-installer bcmwl-kernel-source

Now, enter the following commands:

echo "blacklist bcma" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
echo "blacklist brcm80211" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Reboot Ubuntu.

Open Terminal again and enter the following command:

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source broadcom-sta-common broadcom-sta-source firmware-b43-installer

After the package installation is complete, reboot.

Open Additional Drivers.

Enable the Broadcom STA driver.

Your Wifi should now be active and functional.


Which subdirectories of / should have compression disabled in btrfs root filesystem?

I believe that per-subvolume compression is not available yet. From the BTRFS wiki:

Most mount options apply to the whole filesystem, and only the options for the first subvolume to be mounted will take effect. This is due to lack of implementation and may change in the future.
This means that (for example) you can't set per-subvolume nodatacow, nodatasum, or compress using mount options. This should eventually be fixed, but it has proved to be difficult to implement correctly within the Linux VFS framework.

Unless you have information to the contrary, your plan won't work (yet).


The Hard Drive only show two partition when install ubuntu 12.04

Dynamic disks is a proprietary extension which only Windows understands, you're right that you need to convert such disks back to basic disks to be able to install any non-Windows OS.

Here are the instructions on superuser - I can't confirm they're working as I usually don't keep Windows on my laptops.

Make sure you have a backup of your data in any case.


How to produce an ISO image that boots only on UEFI?

A good guide is this Debian web page.

An image that boots only on UEFI can be created with xorriso like this:

xorriso -as mkisofs \
    -iso-level 3 \
    -r -V <ISO_LABEL> \
    -J -joliet-long \
    -append_partition 2 0xef <BOOT_IMG> \
    -partition_cyl_align all \
    -o <OUTPUT_IMAGE> \
    <ISO_DIRECTORY>

The UEFI_BOOT_IMAGE is an ESP ([U]EFI System Partition) image file. That means that it should be formatted as a FAT32 partition. You can generate it with:

BOOT_IMG_DATA=$(mktemp -d)
BOOT_IMG=$(mktemp -d)/efi.img

mkdir -p $(dirname $BOOT_IMG)

truncate -s 8M $BOOT_IMG
mkfs.vfat $BOOT_IMG
mount $BOOT_IMG $BOOT_IMG_DATA
mkdir -p $BOOT_IMG_DATA/efi/boot

grub-mkimage \
    -C xz \
    -O x86_64-efi \
    -p /boot/grub \
    -o $BOOT_IMG_DATA/efi/boot/bootx64.efi \
    boot linux search normal configfile \
    part_gpt btrfs ext2 fat iso9660 loopback \
    test keystatus gfxmenu regexp probe \
    efi_gop efi_uga all_video gfxterm font \
    echo read ls cat png jpeg halt reboot

umount $BOOT_IMG_DATA
rm -rf $BOOT_IMG_DATA

That will create the ESP image in $(mktemp -d)/efi.img, so you must replace the placeholder with the actual file path.

  This answer was based on a coment by @ThomasSchmitt.


How can I use the installer to manually boot into a system without GRUB installed?

Don't use the Mac-specific installer. Use the normal (server, desktop) installer, install the system using all the defaults (except avoid LVM), and then reboot.

Boot off the USB installer again, but when you see the GRUB menu, press C to bring up the GRUB console.

Finding your installation's drive

At the GRUB console, do

grub> ls
(memdisk) (hd0) (hd0,msdos) (hd1) (hd2) (hd2,gpt3) (hd2,gpt2) (hd2,gpt1)

You may not get exactly the same results as this, but you'll have some options. You want to look for your new installation, not the installer/live system. I suggest finding a partition with your new user's home directory on it:

grub> ls (hd2,gpt2)/home
jason/

Keep trying this pattern until you find it.

Finding your installation's boot partition

If you know you installed everything to one partition, you're done — just use the result from the last step, the (hdX,gptY). If you didn't, or you're unsure, keep the hdX part, but go through all the gptY options looking for a /boot/grub directory:

grub> ls (hd2,gpt1)/boot/grub
error: file `/boot/grub' not found.

Nope, not that one.

grub> ls (hd2,gpt2)/boot/grub
unicode.pf2 [...] grub.cfg

Found it!

Now you want to set this as your root for further commands:

grub> set root=(hd2,gpt2)

Figuring out the boot command

I found that the only way to boot properly was to use the UUID of the drive (ie. no shortcuts with /dev/sdaX!) - so let's get that:

grub> ls -l (hd2,gpt2)
        Partition hd2,gpt2: Filesystem type ext* [...snip...] UUID e86c20b9-83e1-447d-a3be-d1ddaad6c4c6 - Partition start at [...]

Note the UUID string! Yours will be different. Now tell GRUB where Linux is:

grub> linux /boot/vmlinuz[...tab here!...].efi.signed root=UUID=<the UUID from above>

The GRUB console can do tab completion, so if you just type out the vmlinuz part and hit tab, then hit . and tab again... you won't have to type out the whole filename. But do make sure the .efi.signed bit is there! And yes, you will have to type out that whole UUID.

Now set the initrd (initial RAM disk):

grub> initrd /boot/initrd[...tab here!...]

Booting

Type:

grub> boot

You should find yourself booted into your installation!

I'm no GRUB wizard, so I'd welcome any tips on how to trim this down. Especially the UUID part, that is a little bit heinous.


How to create a PPA for a Maven project?

Look in my bookjar project:
http://code.google.com/p/bookjar/source/browse/

specifically the debian directory (especially the debian/package.sh file) and the build.xml (ant) file. In that file there is a new target 'upload' that uploads a buildable artefact to the launchpad buildbot.

I'm using ivy and the netbeans ant infrastructure so it's likely to be slightly different for you. However, one thing is certain: you can't use ivy or maven from the remote buildserver. You need to upload all libraries you use, either in the form of code or jars.
ivy:retrive downloads the files to the current_dir/lib so my project in netbeans is setup to look for it's libraries there (nblibraries.properties is part of the netbeans infrastructure for that). Read the build.xml for details (basically the debian/rules files call a special ant target to build in the server that doesn't try to symlink the jar files - because they are already copied there).

I'm also taking advantage in my package.sh of my project being in mercurial to build a changelog file from the hg log, so there are other problems to solve if you want the same degree of automatism and don't use hg (in fact, i think that my changelog is bending the rules of debian changelogs by having each change be a 'minor' release).


How to remove an icon from the menu bar without uninstalls?

you can delete the icon or name without UN-installing the application.
1--> go to menu bar
2--> right click
3--> select INTERNET or which name for the INTERNET service
4--> right side the applications list are shown
5--> just uncheck the check box of the application you want.


How can I stream music I have in my Ubuntu One account to Subsonic in my Android smartphone?

You want to use the Ubuntu One Music app almost certainly rather than the full Subsonic client (for several reasons).

In any case, you can get your mobile credentials and then use https://streaming.one.ubuntu.com/ as the endpoint. You can read more on the developer documentation site.


Are there any major benefits to installing the GUI for Ubuntu Server?

I like to keep my servers as "thin" as possible; more code, more tools, more stuff is more attack surface.  Yes, the GUI (X) doesn't need to run all the time; but I don't need all those dependencies installed either.

The one upside I've found is that I can run a headless Chrome browser for some automation and crawling bots.


Should be:

read  -n 1 -p "Input Selection:" mainmenuinput

Need to put the n flag after, as that is is telling read to execute after N characters are entered, do not wait for an entire line. Check help read and this for details.


Black screen after ubuntu 16.04 upgrade on VirtualBox

run the following to fix your packages and system :

sudo apt install -f && sudo apt purge virtualbox-guest-additions -y && sudo apt autoremove -y && sudo apt autoclean && sudo apt full-upgrade -y && sudo reboot


Type 'echo' is not known on line 1 in source list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.2.list

You are nearly there.

In order to install MongoDB and keep up with updates, you need to create a file in /etc/apt/sources.list.d (you did that) and add a single line to it. To make adding that line easier for you, the authors of the installation instructions provided a one-line command that would do that. You should have copied that command and executed it in a terminal. What you did instead was editing the file and pasting the whole command in it. The apt command will obviously not accept that. What you need to do is either:

delete the file, recreate the empty file, and execute the command (with sudo in front of it, I should mention); or
edit the file, strip away everything around deb http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu xenial/mongodb-org/3.2 multiverse, and save the file.


Unity/Ubuntu Desktop not showing in the Ubuntu desktop environment switcher

I had lost the Unity option in the desktop environment switcher after installing Unity8 in Ubuntu 15.04. The problem included a weird situation where even "unity-desktop" did not show up in Synaptic. The solution proved pretty easy (thanks to this thread):

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install unity


If you really need to use a windows program (a .exe file) you can use Wine. follow these:

Go to Ubuntu Software Center, search for wine and install it.
Afterward by pressing CtrlAltt open the terminal.
Change direction with the command cd Desktop
Finally, run your program with this commad: wine YourProgram.exe

It will run your program. (I assumed that your exe file is on your Desktop, change the direction considering your exe file's real path.)

here you can find helpful things about Wine: help.ubuntu.com/community/wine

but you will learn to find alternative programs for ubuntu very soon.


Optirun glxgears: Cannot access secondary GPU - error: [XORG] (EE) No devices detected

I think I got the same problem. When I intalled bumblebee, it did not recognise my discreet card. Looking for this problem, I found that Ubuntu uses the key nvidia instead of nvidia-current to refer to the drivers of nVidia.

So try this:

Make a backup of the file /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf

sudo cp /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf.backup

(for example)

Edit that file (use the editor you want, for example gedit):

sudo gedit /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf

Go down to the section [driver-nvidia].

There, change the value of

KernelDriver=nvidia-current

to

KernelDriver=nvidia

and

Module=nvidia-current

to

Module=nvidia

Save the file and reboot.

Now try again:

optirun -vv -debug glxspheres

If you get your same error, restore the configuration file:

sudo cp /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf.backup /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf

Have Luck.


My wireless (USB Dongle) headphones are not detected [ubuntu 20.04]

Have you tried alsamixer?
Open up Terminal, then type alsamixer and press Enter.
You will get an odd sort of panel with all your output and input devices listed across the bottom, and a vertical display of the sound levels.
Left and right arrows pan through the list of sound devices, and up and down arrows increase or decrease the sound levels.
When you're dome making adjustments, just press Esc (the escape key) to exit.
Also read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsamixer


Unattended phpmyadmin install end up throwing errors

This may be related to a debconf bug:
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=487300

Your debconf database could have got corrupted.

Running /usr/share/debconf/fix_db.pl can fix it.

I hope it works for you.


Is there any possible (and simple) way to delete my Windows partitions and extend my Ubuntu partitions?

Note: You'll have to do this from a live USB/live DVD.

CAUTION: This will wipe data off the windows partition(s), and possibly (although very unlikely) your Ubuntu ones as well.

Open up GParted (click on dock, type in "partition"), type in your password. Right click on your Windows partition(s) and click on delete. Apply changes. After that right click on your Ubuntu partition(s) and click on re-size/move, re-size your partition by dragging either side of the bar. Move the partition by dragging the bar itself. Apply changes, and you're done. Reboot into your main Ubuntu, and enjoy.

As for the /home and /boot, read these:

making /boot partition after install

making /home partition after install


A great way to do this would be to create a user (that automatically logins in perhaps) that has only read access to what is necessary. Then make 'opera -kioskmode' a startup application. Then remove ANY application not vital to your needs. If you really need to harden it further you may not want to start with Ubuntu-Desktop maybe Ubuntu-Server or Ubuntu-Core.


The simple definition is a process that isn't connected to an active terminal or display... But there are multiple ways of achieving this:

Most of what we consider backgrounded processes are system services. These will often be a started by a high-level init daemon (Upstart, Systemd, etc) and usually remain a child of that daemon. It will have its output remanded by the init daemon for logging purposes.
A disassociated process is where you change the parent of process to PID=0, /sbin/init. This means that even if you close your terminal or X session, the process will remain (as long as it doesn't depend on other things — like an X session). There are many ways of accomplishing this. Unless otherwise redirected, nothing happens to the output of disassociated processes after their terminal dies.

It's important to note that disassociated doesn't neccessarily mean background but if the current terminal dies, the process is automatically considered "in the background" because it has no way of managing its IO.
Then there are virtual shells that themselves can run in the background and "hold" your active processes open for you. screen is probably the best example of this. It allows you to disconnect and reconnect to various terminal sessions which is handy if  you need to preserve a terminal workflow on a server (or run something with output indefinitely, like irssi, an IRC client).
Lastly, there is the shell definition. Many shells (command line interfaces like Bash) allow you to background a process. This simply means the IO files STDOUT, STDIN and STDERR are disconnected from the current terminal. The process carries on running in its own thread and you're given another prompt. The process isn't automatically disassociated so if the Bash session closes, so do all its background tasks. Here's a simple example with Bash.


Synaptics Touchpad missing in Ubuntu 14.04.2 with Dell 5550

I would like to answer my own question as I solved this problem.

I discovered the Dell support web page Latitude E5550/E5450/E5250 Ubuntu driver package (Ubuntu 14.04)

I downloaded the zip file.

After extracting I installed touchpad-alps-trusty-dkms_20140325_all.deb (a double-click brings up the Software application). I had to re-boot before I got the proper mouse settings become available. I am now able to use natural scrolling (as was my original goal).

Kindly compare the screenshot below to my original question.

Thank-you Dell for the page.


I purged and reinstalled Intels graphics stack using the link Joren linked here:
http://theclonker.de/?p=89

I then manually reinstalled each package the script removed using apt-get in ubuntu's main repos and rebooted.

Once on a working desktop I used their 2013q2 graphics installer to get the latest graphics stack from 01.org. X has yet to fail on me, marking this as solved. Thanks for the help @Joren


Public key authentication Permission denied (publickey)

When I tried ssh -i ~/.ssh/key_name user@domain there was a response from the server that said Agent admitted failure to sign using the key.. This is apparently due to gnome-keyring interference issue and the fix is discussed in this link.

A temporary fix is to try SSH_AUTH_SOCK=0 ssh user@domain and if with this you can ssh into your server then follow with the fix in the above link.


Format /dev/sdb e.g. to ext4.

You can mount it anywhere, e.g. /media/HDD. You need to create the HDD directory first by sudo mkdir /media/HDD.

You can also add it to /etc/fstab to be mounted automatically on boot.


How can I force the installation of the Virtualbox Extension pack?

You can try to install the extension pack using the command line:

sudo VBoxManage extpack install <package file>

Some random things to check:

Virtualbox version and extension pack version must match.
Files on /usr/lib/virtualbox must be owned by root.
/usr/lib itself must be owned by root, too as Uri himself find.


Under settings/printers tap the cog wheel for that printer. There you will find an option to remove it.


kvm: disabled by bios when trying to upgrade

You need to enable Intel Virtualization Technology (also known as Intel VT-x) in your BIOS.

  "KVM: disabled by BIOS" error Check if there is an option to enable it
  in the BIOS. If not, look for a more recent BIOS on the vendor's web
  site.

  Note:

  On some hardware (e-g HP nx6320), you need to power-off/power-on the
  machine after enabling virtualization in the BIOS. Enabling some BIOS
  features may break VT support on some hardware (e-g Enabling Intel AMT
  on a Thinkpad T500 will prevent kvm-intel from loading with "disabled
  by bios") On some Dell hardware, you also need to disable "Trusted
  Execution", otherwise VT will not be enabled.

KVM in BIOS


The following helped me on 14.04:

sudo apt-get remove spl-dkms zfs-dkms ubuntu-zfs
sudo apt-get install spl-dkms
sudo apt-get install zfs-dkms
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-zfs

I didn't realize that spl needs to be installed before zfs can be compiled successfully and I think I kept getting compile errors based on that fact. The gist, as I understand it, is that the zfs source depends on the spl source.

I found this information on a mailing list.


Ubuntu 16.04 - keep an x86_64 application running

Your steps were correct so far. I would recommend to set the permissions to 644 as the service file does not need to be executable.
You also have to run systemctl daemon-reload to pick up the new .service file. If you do changes to this file, you have to run this command to pick up the changes as well.

To make your service restart, you could add the Restart option in the [Service] section.

...
[Service]
...
Restart=on-failure
...

You also could add the option as follows, to control the interval between the restart attemps. Default seems to be 100ms.

RestartSec=

For further details refer to man systemd.service.


How to create and maintain patch on Debian package?

Read the Patches to Packages section in the Packaging Guide, for a better understanding how it works you should read the entire guide.


erase windows and keep ubuntu to dual boot with parrot security

This is completely fine. Grub will still exist after the deletion of the Windows partition. Dual booting parrot with Ubuntu will work fine as well. The one scenario you'd want to be cautious about is dual booting windows with Linux already present on you drive.


How do I fix screen with no icons at start-up?

The unity --reset command did the trick. Thank you!


Failed to load module "canberra-gtk-module" in Ubuntu 18,04

Using 20.04. Min install. Installing libcanberra-gtk resolved this issue for me.
sudo apt install libcanberra-gtk-module libcanberra-gtk3-module


error with permissions when installing vue/cli

i forgot to create a sudo link:

sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/nodejs/node-$VERSION-$DISTRO/bin/node /usr/bin/node
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/nodejs/node-$VERSION-$DISTRO/bin/npm /usr/bin/npm
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/nodejs/node-$VERSION-$DISTRO/bin/npx /usr/bin/npx

now is working fine :)


Ubuntu Software Center won't open to allow download of fonts

Try reinstalling Ubuntu Software Center. Open up Synaptic and search for 'Software'. Ubuntu Software Center is listed as 'Software Center'. Right click on it and choose reinistall then apply.


First run locale to list what locales currently defined for the current user account:

$ locale
LANG=C
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE=fi_FI.UTF-8
LC_NUMERIC="C"
LC_TIME="C"
LC_COLLATE=fi_FI.UTF-8
LC_MONETARY="C"
LC_MESSAGES=fi_FI.UTF-8
LC_PAPER="C"
LC_NAME="C"
LC_ADDRESS="C"
LC_TELEPHONE="C"
LC_MEASUREMENT="C"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="C"
LC_ALL=

Then generate the missing locale and reconfigure locales to take notice:

$ sudo locale-gen "en_US.UTF-8"
Generating locales...
  en_US.UTF-8... done
Generation complete.

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
Generating locales...
  en_US.UTF-8... up-to-date
Generation complete.

Now you will not see any errors anymore!


Should I limit writes to a flash drive, when installing Ubuntu on a USB stick (Full Install)?

Back in the good old days, they said a flash drive with wear leveling, was good for 10,000 writes. After doing the math this turned out to be years of use.

Nowadays they have come out with multi layer flash drive that substitute wear life for size.

A SLC flash drive is good for over 100,000 writes, which should last forever at the expense of cost.

A MLC drive should be good for 3000 - 5000 writes. Sandisk claims all their flash drives are MLC. It has been reported that Sandisk uses the same wear leveling chip for flash drives as in their SSDs

A TLC flash drive may have lots of storage but is only good for 500 - 1000 writes.

There is no limit to flash drive reads.

To limit wear on a flash drive, do not use Swap and use ext2 for the home partition or use ext4 without journaling.

Ref:

Disabling Journaling in Ubuntu 14.04?
https://forums.sandisk.com/t5/All-SanDisk-USB-Flash-Drives/Does-my-USB-Flash-Drive-have-wear-leveling/td-p/339714


How to find why 64 bit application can run on 14.04 but not 12.04?

It's likely that something this program requires that's available on 14.04 isn't available on 12.04.

Most likely, that "something" is LSB compliance (Linux Standard Base) - first thing to try is running apt-get install lsb and seeing if that resolves things.

This problem is discussed a few places with definitive word likely to be here:

https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/flexlm-license-manager-20-may-fail-when-lsb-3-is-not-met

They describe a workaround that involves creating the appropriate linker/loader, whether by installing or by symlinking an equivalent existing shared library.


How to make Fn brightness keys work in an ASUS q/s301la?

I didn't have any idea of how to fix those so I thought of a way to workaround it using crontabs!

Here's what I came up with (it's my first script outside of my Linux class... be nice.):

time=(date +%H)
if [$time -ge 2 -a $time -le 11]
then
  echo X > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness
elif [$time -ge 11 -a $time -le 17]
  echo X > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness
else
  echo X > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness
fi

Insert your desired brightness percentage (e.g. 60 or whatever) instead of X.

So you add this into crontabs (or the system scheduler) by using the bash command crontabs -e in terminal. You format it by adding a new line with: * 0-23 * * * /path/script. The asterisks tell the scheduler how often to run the script and I chose once every hour or 0-23.

Basically what I hope this script does is: figure out what hour it is, save it in a variable $time, then compare it to my if, elseif, else statement, and then change the brightness accordingly in relation to the current hour!

You can also add this same script to /etc/rc.local so it runs at start up!

Hopefully this will help people with battery life, brightness control, resetting brightness at every startup, etc etc!


Python code:

import os

url="http://www.adobe.com/support/security/"
os.system('wget %s' %url)

Bash code:

url="http://www.adobe.com/support/security/"
wget $url


Since you are able to login through console check output of

ls -l ~/.Xauthority

It must be owned by you. If it is owned by root - that's the problem.

chown username:username .Xauthority

should fix it


Install 64bit apps on 64bit machine running 32bit OS

If you’re using 64-bit hardware and 32-bit OS, you cannot run 64-bit applications directly but you should be able to run a 64-bit OS in a virtual machine and run your 64-bit applications in it.

For VirtualBox specifically, see also:

64-bit Guests
Does VirtualBox run 64-bit guests on a 32-bit host?


You can execute commands after installation using the postinst shell script located in the debian folder in the source.

This is a normal shell script containing all the commands to be executed (in order) after the installation of the package. dpkg will run this automatically. So, all you need to do is create a shell script before packing your source package into a binary package, name it as 'postinst' and put it in the debian directory.

For more info, visit the Ubuntu Packaging Guide.


I haven't found a complete solution.  But I dug up an old bug report for Chromium (the opensource version of Chrome) regarding the exact same issue.

One of the commenters posted a workaround:

  It means that the WM is somehow failing to resize the window properly. We've had this
  kind of problem before, but I couldn't find the bug for it. As a workaround, you could
  try enabling the system titlebar (right click on empty part of tab strip).

This works for now.


How to Upgrade CMake in ARM based Ubuntu?

Solved. I have built CMake from source using these steps:

sudo apt remove cmake
wget https://cmake.org/files/v3.8/cmake-3.8.2.tar.gz
tar xf cmake-3.8.2.tar.gz
cd cmake-3.8.2
./configure
sudo make install
cmake --version

If after cmake --version cmake is still not found, we have to add the installed cmake bin directory path in .bashrc:

vim ~/.bashrc
export PATH=/home/ubuntu/cmake-3.8.2/bin
#save
source ~/.bashrc
cmake --version


Thought it's not a command per-se, alsamixer is great for this kind of thing. It's part of the alsa-utils package


Facebook and MSN not connecting in Ubuntu 13.10

I have the same problem with Empathy and Facebook and this have been the case for a long time now.

Also since 13.10 I have been having problem with both Google Hangouts and MSN.

For Google Hangout : I get the notification that I have a new message but when opening the chat dialog I get now message (but can see it i gmail, g+ etc). Also the title bar says something about me having -1 unread messages.

For MSN: Does not even connect anymore.

It feels strange to have a default chat application in Ubuntu that really does not work very well. Remove it all together as default or fix it. In lots of forums people are recommended to use Pidgin instead, if that's the case Pidgin ought to be the default in Ubuntu from the beginning.


TFTP client cannot find PXE boot configuration file

The path seems a bit wrong to me.
Try to create a folder named pxelinux.cfg.

In that, the config-file named default should reside, ie (in your case):

/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

The whole path (to/including default) needs to be world readable.


Sometimes the file ~/.Xauthority becomes corrupted and doesn't allow you to start a desktop session. Try to rename this file, probably you will be successful.


Try this command:
sudo cp /etc/skel/.bashrc /root/.bashrc

Please backup your current .bashrc in case this does not work :)


How to find SQL Server instance name on Ubuntu

I understood i can avoid the password -P
once i do that, it asks me to enter it
i do it and it comes the error
Password:
Sqlcmd: Error: Microsoft ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server : Login timeout expired.
Sqlcmd: Error: Microsoft ODBC Driver 17 for SQL
Server : TCP Provider: Error code 0x2AF9.
Sqlcmd: Error: Microsoft ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server : A network-related or instance-specific error has occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. Server is not found or not accessible. Check if instance name is correct and if SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. For more information see SQL Server Books Online..

the password is correct and the Service is running. any idea?
Thanks.


Start program when server reboots without root access

Assign new cron task, add @reboot parameter to your script/command make it executed once on bootup.

crontab -e

Then, add the cron command.

@reboot /path/to/your/program

Where /path/to/your/program is your desired script/command.

Note that this does not required root access


firstly run the command below to update repositories if prompted to press y/n press y:

sudo apt-get update

afterwards run this command to update existing software, if prompted to press y/n press y:

sudo apt-get upgrade

Then install traceroute with the command below, once again, if prompted to press y/n, press y:

sudo apt-get install inetutils-traceroute


Indicator icons do not appear after upgrade to Ubuntu 17.10

I've encountered the same problem. I tried to remove the indicator-application-service completely, and see, the problem went away!
I guess coming from 16.04 leaves some Unity-related stuff on my machine that is not only obsolete but prevents the AppIndicator extension from properly working.

What to do:

sudo apt remove indicator-application


How do I link pre-existing /home partition to account when reinstalling

if you have files in say /home/olduser where the prior install had them in /home/newuser; and you're happy with how your new [near empty] "user1" is working; you can copy the files into your new directory, eg.

sudo cp -prn /home/olduser/* /home/newuser

which will copy (-p=preserve.filespecs, -r=recursive, -n=new.files.only) the files to the new user directory.  the -p will mean they remain owned by "user" or your old userid. I do this probably so I can inspect what it did before I do the next step

chown -R newuser /home/newuser/

which will now change old owner.attributes to your new "newuser" id.  the -R tells it to recursively do subdirectories

benefits of this is it'll copy, not move, so if something stuffs up, you can do it again (even if its creating a new user.id & using that instead of re-installing whole OS).  it does require you to have enough free space to have two copies of your data, ie. /home/olduser data will be copied to /home/newuser. when completed and you're happy you can always delete data in /home/olduser

other alternatives|hacks could be to edit /etc/passwd & change your $HOME directory to be the directory you want; but there is more that can go wrong with this if you don't understand what you're doing.  this 'hack' is more what you want, hence my clues, but I'm not sure of your level of  understanding and whether or not more detail is appropriate.  this 'hack' is by far quickest and simplest, but more can go wrong [ie. you may be tempted to install a third time, when again a simple edit can fix - if you know how]

more alternatives exist; some I'd like to know before hand is /home is on a different fs|partition to the / partition, so I'll skip  (edits to /etc/fstab etc)


UEFI Boot Mode Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 8.1 UEFI

Add this to 40_custom.

gksudo gedit /etc/grub.d/40_custom
sudo update-grub

menuentry "Windows 8 UEFI" {
 insmod part_gpt
 insmod fat
 insmod search_fs_uuid
 insmod chain
 set root='(hd0,gpt2)'
 search --fs-uuid --no-floppy --set=root C0A6-125C
  chainloader (${root})/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}


is there AN ERASER TOOL in INKSPACE vector graphics editor?

There is an eraser tool in Inkscape, but due to the nature of vector graphics (which is very different from raster/bitmap graphics), it behaves not at all like the eraser tool in bitmap/raster editors like Gimp. Once you'll get more familiar with vector drawing, you will see that "classic" erasing doesn't make that much sense in vector graphics.


Calling unity in terminal breaks unity in X session

When you say "I went to the terminal", do you mean a virtual terminal inside of windows? or a real text terminal, like Ctrl-Alt-F1 or the like?

If you did the latter, then the normal way to get back to the existing windows desktop is to do Alt-F7 or F8 or which ever one X is running on.  Notice the control key is not needed when returning to X.

NOTE: I have never used or seen Ubuntu 11.x, still using 9.04 myself.


Can I make a bootable USB flash drive for Mac from Windows

There seems to be some confusion about EFI booting and Ubuntu ISOs.

Disclaimer: I don't know much about Macs, because I never happened to own or support one of these machines. But I want to help anyway.

Linux and Windows UEFI booting and Ubuntu Mac ISOs

Using Linux on Windows machines, my understanding is that to boot from external media via EFI you just copy the files from the ISO to a supported filesystem on the USB drive, which is usually FAT. ISOs that support UEFI booting contain a file called /efi/boot/boot{arch}.efi, where {arch} can be x64 for AMD64, ia32 for i386, arm or a64 for ARM and so forth. On (older) Macs this may just be /efi/boot/boot.efi.

Okay, that's that. The strange thing is that the Mac ISOs don't contain such files and instead boot and install in legacy BIOS mode, which was fine in 2006 – when Apple introduced Boot Camp – but isn't since 2012 when the rest of the industry moved to UEFI.

The answers from Chan-Ho Suh and Colin Watson on similar questions don't seem to reflect the current state accurately.

Fixing the problem with UEFI loaders for older Macs

I found a blog entry from AstroFloyd dealing with a very similar problem while being aware of the above.

His solution is to put an EFI loader that allows for loopback loading a UEFI-compatible ISO. Ideally you would just have to put two files on the FAT-formatted USB drive and that's it.

  For clarity, all that is now on your USB drive is (relative to the root directory of that drive):

  /efi/boot/boot.iso
  /efi/boot/boot.efi

His instructions are written using Linux tools and dealing with advanced details like setting the partition type, but I guess Windows and off-the-shelf USB drives already provide this configuration by default.

To be clear: Do not use the amd64+mac ISO, use the latest standard one.

Related:

Matthew Garrett's post about the multiboot catalog on Fedora 17
U&L SE: Booting Ubuntu from usb on a Mac
Mac-Linux-USB-Loader via How do I boot linux from a EFI partition on a USB drive

More background information

Rod Smith – who is also around here – has published a very detailed article about EFI-Booting Ubuntu on a Mac on his site. He explains why installing Linux in BIOS mode on a Mac by using a hybrid MBR is at least to say a bad idea and covers a few scenarios of installing Ubuntu on a drive with an existing Mac OS X installation.

He is using his tool Refind, but as far as I know systemd-boot is also capable of booting OS X and working with Macs. It's probably a bit more difficult to configure.


http://jcornuz.wordpress.com/2007/11/16/spyder-the-good-and-the-ugly/

Everything I know is in that post.

Yes, I know it's over three years old but thinking about it, how the display stack works really hasn't changed that much. ArgyllCMS plus some scripting for the Spyder should work.

I've been considering one of the cheaper ones for a while now. Almost all my work is online though so even if I have perfect calibration, it doesn't mean anybody else viewing my work will. For ~£60 I might give it a punt.


can't mount a btrfs subvolume - `No such file or directory`

As per the btrfs section on the ubuntu wiki (presuming that layout is still applicable), the default setup is a btrfs root containing the @ and @home submvolumes.

/subvol/var is here presumably created inside the mounted @ and hence its path relative to the btrfs root (subvolid=5) would be <FS_TREE>@/subvol/var, instructions below are based on this assumption.

So you probably either want to move the subvolume to <FS_TREE>/@var, via something like

mnt -o subvolid=5 /mnt
mv /mnt/@/subvol/var /mnt/@var
umount /mnt

and keep the fstab entry as it is.

Or, edit the fstab entry to match the current location

UUID=79a74d84-2f0e-4098-9c58-f721eab913ee  /mnt/var btrfs \
defaults,compress=lzo,subvol=@/subvol/var   0   2


Seems to be a temporary error. Try it again later and have patience. ;)

And there is no reason to use

deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ vivid universe

in a Vivid installation.

Therefore remove the line in your sources.list

sudo sed -i '/ports\.ubuntu\.com/d' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update


Grub Failing to install - Installation crashes

This is a bug and this is affecting multiple users. I figured out an work around to install any flavour of Ubuntu 16.04 as this bug is present in all of them.

Bug is related to grub so,

Install Ubuntu 16.04 as usual (yes do this)
Wait for Installer to crash
As Installer crashes shut your PC down.
Create a Ubuntu 14.04 live USB or use CD.
Perform boot-repair then restart.

For boot-repair follow : How to install the Boot-Repair tool in an Ubuntu live disc?

Note : Perform boot repair in live mode, don't install ubuntu 14


How do I find out which programs connect to the internet at startup?

sudo netstat --inet -p will show current active or listening connections with names of programs.

Upd

To view connections with LISTENING state netstat must be invoked with additional -a option: sudo netstat --inet -pa


ddrescue succesful recue, but no rescued file on output?

I formatted another disk (2 times bigger than damaged partition) in FAT (sda1)

  [...]

sudo ddrescue -B -v -n --force /dev/sdb2 /dev/sda1 récupérationLog2.log

This is not how it works. Here's what you are doing now:

You are copying the contents of /dev/sdb2 over /dev/sda1
You have marked the latter as FAT in the partition table, but you are overwriting with a NTFS file system
When you try to "mount" /dev/sda1 it doesn't work because that is not a FAT file system, of course

As a side note, using mount for data recovery is rarely a good approach especially if you don't ensure it is read-only. Also, don't add accents or special characters to file names in the terminal.

What you should've done instead is:

Create a new partition to hold an image file of the failing partition. Note that FAT is not an acceptable choice because you cannot store FAT files which are larger than 4GB. NTFS or exFAT would be OK.
Mount said partition and copy the drive into a file, e.g.:

ddrescue /dev/sdb2 /media/user/External/copy.img /media/user/External/copy.log

Perform data recovery on the copy as explained in Recovering broken or deleted NTFS partitions


New version of LibreOffice file reverts back to previous version

Dropbox is a flag for me. At work my team uses a Dropbox share for project files, and if the same file is opened by two users at once, changes will be made to a cloned file not the main instance of the file. Check that you don't have a second similarly named file in Dropbox which contains your changes.


Do I need to download any IDE to run a Java program or can I just use my terminal?

Eclipse IDE is quite heavy for i3 processor with 2GB RAM and not recommended unless you need to use the project explorer and stuff. If you have to install eclipse, follow this

else if you've simple programs:

To compile the file, open your terminal and type

javac filename.java

To run the generated class file, use

java filename

But to do this you need to have the Java JDK installed in your computer. You can install it with the instructions in How do I install Java?.


Nautilus-Action conf. tool - crafting a "set as background" action

The script that @v2r provided uses gconf, I modified it to work on Gnome 3 based desktops, so I used the modern gsettings.
In fact, I found the script in the Disabled scripts in Ubuntu tweak, so if you are on Gnome 2 you can go there and use it.
As for Nautilus Actions, I figured out how to type the command correctly and how to show it only for pictures. I can't export the action due to a crash, but if someone is interested you can reply here and I'll edit this post.
Script: http://pastebin.com/S6TBvrax
Instructions, description, installation can be found inside.
Note: to Identify your Gnome version, type in terminal gnome-session --version


Error message installing from flash drive

It appears that you have a corrupted filesystem.squashfs I would do an MD5 checksum on the iso if it passes that then I would reinstall it to the flash drive and try again.

To do the MD5 with windows I recommend WinMD5


Java plugins are not detected after upgrading

Check the symbolic link in your browser's plugin directory and make sure it's pointing to the correct installation of Java (eg /usr/local/java/jre1.x.xxx/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so)


What goes on underneath error redirection?

Your confusion may be because >& is totally a different thing than &.

>& or <& are used in redirection to point at a file descriptor (fd).  The above cases redirect to 1 and 2, which are stdout and stderr respectively.

> means "redirect stdout"

2> means "redirect fd 2 (stderr)"

>&2 means "redirect stdout to fd 2 (stderr)".  Note how this differs from >2 which would mean "redirect stdout to a file named 2" -- this is why the & is important.  It indicates that the next thing will be an fd, not a filename.

Now of course as you noted, if a & is sitting by itself without a redirection symbol, then it means something completely different -- "return immediately, run the preceding command in the background."


How do I change The Ubuntu display manager back to lightdm

Run sudo update-alternatives --config default.plymouth, then pick a theme.

You will need to run sudo update-grub afterwards to see the change.

(Edit: It's replacing the shutdown theme just fine, but not the startup theme.)


Is uploading icons to MyApps on developer.ubuntu.com enough?

I believe that the icons you upload are just used in the software center.  If you want icons on your launcher you will need to add them using your .desktop file.


How do I get notification for new mail in all folders in Evolution?

Does this help?

In the "Edit" menu click "Preferences".
There click the mail account of your choice and press the "Edit" button. The account editor will pop up.
In the editor select the rider "Receiving Options".
There you may select the ceckboxes next to "Check for new messages in all folders" and/or "Check for new messages in subscribed folders".


Can I get the commands from history executed in bash in the last 15 mins?

It's easier if you use a different time format (which you can, since setting HISTTIMEFORMAT to any value is enough for bash to keep track of time). So, use the Unix timestamp, and the difference between now and then:

HISTTIMEFORMAT='%s ' history |  awk -v now=$(date +%s) '(now - $2) < 15*60'

date +%s is the current Unix timestamp, and the second column of history's output is the HISTTIMEFORMAT field, so this checks if the difference in seconds is less than 15 minutes.

However, if your intention is to monitor command usage, then this really isn't the way to go about it. Setup auditd instead (it can be configured to watch for command execution).


Run in a terminal:

gsettings get com.canonical.indicator.sound visible

If the outcome is is "false", change it with the command:

gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.sound visible true


How to start .sh file on PC turn on or after PC restart?

You might be able to use cron for this. Look under special characters for @reboot keyword.

Run your command inside new tmux session (put this into cron):

/usr/bin/tmux new-session "/bin/bash /path/to/script"


Where can I download Liberation Font family for use on Windows 7?

The Liberation(tm) Fonts is a font family which aims at metric
  compatibility with Arial, Times New Roman, and Courier New. It is
  sponsored by Red Hat.

You can find the latest version on the liberation-fonts page. Download the „Binary (ttf)” file. It is currently at version 1.07.2.

After downloading the tar.gz package you might need an unpacking tool (eg. 7-Zip) on Windows.

The archive contains the following True Type (TTF) fonts:

LiberationMono-BoldItalic.ttf
LiberationMono-Bold.ttf
LiberationMono-Italic.ttf
LiberationMono-Regular.ttf
LiberationSans-BoldItalic.ttf
LiberationSans-Bold.ttf
LiberationSans-Italic.ttf
LiberationSansNarrow-BoldItalic.ttf
LiberationSansNarrow-Bold.ttf
LiberationSansNarrow-Italic.ttf
LiberationSansNarrow-Regular.ttf
LiberationSans-Regular.ttf
LiberationSerif-BoldItalic.ttf
LiberationSerif-Bold.ttf
LiberationSerif-Italic.ttf
LiberationSerif-Regular.ttf


nVidia RTX 2080 driver issue with remote desktop (VNC, NX, etc.)

The issue is there since like two years. Not addressed by nVidia.
I see it with Ubuntu 18.04 and GeForce GTX 750 Ti, using X11VNC to connect.
Enabling seconds in GNOME clock makes the screen refresh at least once a second, which helps if you need a fast workaround:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface clock-show-seconds true


Click on the menu (upper right corner) --> customize, and uncheck the check box for Title Bar.
Then, Firefox will replace the default title bar with a thinner one, and you will gain some vertical space.


Look at the very end of your log message:

connect to alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.131.27]:25: Connection refused

In fact all through that you're getting connection issues. This is either a network level issue or Google hates you personally. Some ISPs block direct port 25 so try telnetting to Google and see what you can see. Here's what I get:

$ telnet gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com 25
Trying 173.194.78.27...
Connected to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mx.google.com ESMTP c10si1169414wiy.16 - gsmtp
HELO
250 mx.google.com at your service

Having had a rummage around your profile, I can see numerous support questions on the internet from other people on your ISP that have routing issues on port 25. I strongly suspect this is them blocking outbound port 25.

You can either tunnel through another ISP or ask your ISP how you can send mail. Postfix should allow you to set a relay. Or you could even try Gmail's secure relay port (and hope your ISP doesn't also block that).


Sound won't work with Soundblaster Audigy Fx PCIe card

After your system boots, and you verify that there is no sound, try these commands:

sudo pulseaudio -k
sudo modprobe -r snd_hda_intel
sudo modprobe snd_hda_intel

Then test to see if sound works. This sequence of commands makes my ALC898-based Audigy Fx PCIe card work normally for as long as the system is booted. If you find that these commands reliably make the card work, you might be able to put similar commands into a script in /etc/rc.local. This workaround is not ideal but is good enough for my purposes.


Ubuntu is not detecting my android device

OK here are all the steps to get this to work. I had problems with all responses I found online, bits and pieces everywhere without any certain order and no single working solution, (running Android Studio, Jmonkey 3D, and Ubuntu 14.04)

If adb devices shows android device as ????????? (no permissions) follow these instructions:

create file /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules

sudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules

copy and paste contents below:

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0bb4", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0e79", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0502", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0b05", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="413c", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0489", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="091e", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="18d1", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0bb4", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="12d1", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="24e3", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="2116", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0482", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="17ef", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="1004", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="22b8", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0409", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="2080", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0955", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="2257", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="10a9", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="1d4d", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0471", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="04da", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="05c6", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="1f53", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="04e8", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="04dd", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0fce", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0930", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="19d2", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"

Run the following command to change file permissions:

sudo chmod a+r /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules

connect your phone via usb and run the following command:

lsusb

Look for your device(s) Example (Nexus 5):

  Bus 003 Device 074: ID 18d1:4ee7 Google Inc.

For Nexus 5, Vendor ID is 18d1, mine is on Bus "003" If you don't see a change when you plug in your device with lsusb, perhaps your USB cable is charge-only.
Now reload the rules with the following commands:

sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
sudo service udev restart
sudo udevadm trigger

Verify device is now allowing plugdev user group access

ls -l /dev/bus/usb/<bus number from step 4>

Example:

ls -l /dev/bus/usb/003
crw-rw-rw- 1 root plugdev 189, 329 Jul  3 18:23 074

Run adb devices to confirm permissions are correct and enjoy!

Note: if you haven't created the plugdev group and added your user name to it (if permission denied prepend "sudo" following commands):

Add plugdev group:

groupadd plugdev

Add your username to plugdev group (useradd -G {group-name} username):

useradd -G plugdev billy

Restart udev (you may need to log off and log back in to update user group):

sudo service udev restart


Create a copy of MFT using DD and convert to CSV?

A quick google search leads to this:

You will need a sleuthkit tool, and analyzeMFT pip module

sudo apt install sleuthkit
sudo pip install analyzeMFT # install globally

This will give us the mmls (not really needed) and icat tool

Let assume that /dev/sdx is your disk. But you can adapt the command to run this on an image.

sudo mmls /dev/sdx

which will gives you the offset of the NTFS partition, say 1107968

Then,

sudo icat -o 1107968 /dev/sdx 0 > mft.raw

Then,

sudo analyzeMFT.py -f mft.raw -o mftanalyzed.csv

In case you have a disk image of your NTFS partition, this would be enough

icat -o 0 image.raw 0 > mft.raw
analyzeMFT.py -f mft.raw -o mftanalyzed.csv

I guess

Source


Thanks to u/HeidiH0 on Reddit the problem was resolved. Fast Boot had to be set to "Thorough" instead of "Minimum"


Unable to connect to 127.0.0.1:8118:

This suggests you have some type of proxy configured.  That proxy is offline and not able to be reached, and since apt is configured to go through that proxy, which is offline, you can't download packages.

You would need to dig into your /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/* settings files to see where the proxy is being defined and try deactivating the proxy requirement; if it still doesn't work then you need to go figure out whether you must have that proxy running in order to get access to the Internet at large for updates, Internet traffic, etc.


How do I set up USB security key based authentication?

I don't know about any products (like Predator for Windows) but I have seen this solution which appears to work:

Use a script to loop&sleep filtering  to grep for info specific to your USB stick. When you get a match, kill the screensaver.

Be sure to have the sleep timer a LOT shorter when the USB is removed than when the USB is inserted.

When you are away (USB removed) all your machine has to do is fanatically cycle through lsusb looking for your return (USB inserted).

EDIT:
A working example of this to get you on your way can be found at http://www.techienote.com/2011/03/lock-unlock-ubuntu-desktop-using-usb-drive.html


Is it possible to put software in a queue to be installed later?

If you are fluent on the commandline it's simple:

echo "sudo apt-get install SOMEAPP" >> dopending.sh

When at home, run

dopending.sh


My HP laptop is over-heating after installing Ubuntu

Install tlp or laptop-mode-tools but not both.


PlayOnLinux - League of Legends won't start game

In case anyone has the same problem, I just wanted to say that I have found a solution here: https://www.playonlinux.com/en/topic-11344-1.html

Quote from the link:

"I just made these steps:

Install in POL: d3dx10, d3dx11, d3dx9 (only d3dx9, not the other d3dx9_etc) and directx9
It will broke your Adobe Air (already installed in wine), I really don't know why but it does it, so we have to fix, go to Configure Wine, then select the tab Libraries and add the lib "dnsapi" and set it to "integrate, native"
Enjoy League Of Legends"


Ok, issue resolved....here's how:

Under the config file, my user name was all the way at the bottom, i.e..the last line
resolved by adding my username again under the first host declaration.

I am able to ssh to all the servers now


missing icon in the top bar in ubuntu 14.04

It was problem with owncloud-client package.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
should fix this

More info:
https://github.com/owncloud/client/issues/4041


Run the below commands in terminal to remove the lock.

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

Then you can run,

sudo apt-get update command.


I am using these boot parameters to boot 16.04 on my GL552VW:
i915.preliminary_hw_support=1 nouveau.modeset=0 acpi_osi=! acpi=0 acpi_backlight=vendor idle=nomwait

My touchpad requires me to boot twice to get the pointer to display. I am trying to figure that out.

Modify 10_linux in /etc/grub.d line 177 put in after ro and before ${arg} and then sudo update-grub in a terminal window


Note:

You SHOULD NOT manually add Jitsi to your sources list because that would cause GPG Error Warnings! The Jitsi installation would automatically update your repositories.

Instead just download the Ubuntu .deb package, that will add the correct GPG Keys for you.
see: https://jitsi.org/Main/DebianRepository

If you still want to do it manually, you would have to add a file in

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/jitsi.list

with the content

deb http://download.jitsi.org/deb unstable/

Then you can install it with apt:

sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install jitsi


“The system is running in low-graphics mode” - internet not working in recovery

What I did to fix it was

go to recovery mode
select enable networking
press yes - the terminal appears on the bottom half of the screen
I pressed ctrl+C then after a few seconds the desktop appears... the first thing I do is to install the ati driver, restart, and now it works!


How do I install the Jetspeed Maven plugin if .m2 file is read-only?

In linux, when a folder (and I believe files as well) have a period before the name, they are "hidden". You can't see them unless you do what MadMike said, unhide them via Ctrl+H.

This is done because these folders often hold lots of configuration files and stuff the non-regular user wouldn't need to mess with, so they are hidden to make a cleaner view.

So, the folder is actually there. As for getting read/write access, just enter the commands sudo chmod +rwx [FILES]. It will give you read, write, and execute permissions on those files. However, be careful, as messing around with sudo and chmod/chown can really mess up your system in case you allow yourself to do something dangerous you otherwise wouldn't have been able to.


How do I transition from WUBI to a native installation?

The WUBI "disk" is actually just a file that lives in Windows' own filesystem. As a result there's no nice way to migrate to the real thing. That said, if you're feeling adventurous, here's what I would do:

If you have an external hard disk, you make life much easier for yourself. Just boot into WUBI-Ubuntu, run sudo rsync -ax ~ /media/external-disk/homebackup/. If you have anything else you dearly want to keep, move it over (use the -a flag with cp and rsync and they will preserve file metadata).

Then do a normal "wipe everything" install from a LiveCD or LiveUSB. Before you reboot after the install, mount the installation disk and run the opposite commands (eg: sudo rsync -ax /media/external-disk/homebackup/ /media/3423423-234234-234/home/username).

All you have to do then is reboot into real Ubuntu and get all your old applications installed (your old config for each should be safe).

Failing the presence of an external disk, you can do the move incrementally:

Get a real LiveCD or LiveUSB going and boot into it.
In gparted: Resize the Windows partition right down (so there's at least 8GB+your WUBI disk's size of free space). You should probably move the Windows partition to the far right of the disk so the free space is now at the beginning.
Run the installer and tell it to install to use the free space. Do not reboot once finished.
Mount the NTFS drive and look in ubuntu/disks/ for .disk files. Mount those and copy over your home (per my previous instructions).
You can then delete the NTFS drive (assuming you don't need anything from Windows) and resize the Ubuntu partitions in gparted.


is it mobile broadband modem ? as what i know you need to go to network connection - edit network and go to the mobile broadband and click add..  there you need to setup where are you from to get the list of provider from your country

here the screen shot

and adding more information if you like to have auto connect Ubuntu 12.04 USB GSM Mobile Broadband Connection .. i hope this link help you .. http://www.thefanclub.co.za/how-to/how-auto-connect-ubuntu-1204-gsm-mobile-broadband-connection-on-boot-startup-service


I want to shutdown my computer 12:30 am,but shutdown does nothing

Did you add the cronjob as root user? To check whether you have added it as root user type (in terminal): crontab -u root -l
If you have added it correctly and yet the system doesn't shutdown, then try it manually in terminal first (as root user): shutdown -h now
If step 2 fails to shutdown with command not found, type this in terminal: export PATH=$PATH:/sbin

(or) use a editor like nano to open .bashrc and add the export PATH=$PATH:/sbin manually as follows: sudo nano /root/.bashrc. (If you have not installed nano, install it using sudo apt-get install nano)

Now, try shutdown command as root user and it should work. Once this works, cronjob will also work.


Missing Pin Options from Bluetooth Pairing GUI

You shouldn't need to do anything with PIN options in 16.04 as it should figure the PIN out on its own for a mouse.  It worked like that for me when pairing my Logitech travel mouse

You could edit /usr/share/gnome-bluetooth/pin-code-database.xml and add a line as a work around

<device oui="00:1B:C1:" name="HOLUX_M-241" pin="0000"/>

Change the 00:1B:C1 to match the first part of your devices MAC address.  Change HOLUX_M-241 to match your devices name and do the same for the pin.  Make the line match the others indentation, save and reboot


Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit Laptop cannot remain powered off. After shutdown, powers off, but then restarts

I had the same issue with a brand new Lenovo Flex 2 with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. After a lot of trial and error (online research, Lubuntu 14.10 live CD, installed Windows 7, updated BIOS) I fixed it by disabling xHCI on the BIOS. Hope it works for you, otherwise you might want to try unloading the xhci module BEFORE shutting down the laptop.


How do I open a .tar.gz magazine file to edit with Scribus?

A tar.gz is a compressed format, similar to .zip if you are familiar with that. Simply double-click on it, and it should open with archive manager, where you can extract the real files to somewhere else. These extracted files are what you would open with Scribus.


The default Samba configuration on my system puts the password database in /var/lib/samba/passdb.tdb. Note that this is a binary database, not a flat text file.

You can tell Samba to use a text file by setting the "passdb backend" parameter in /etc/samba/smb.conf. But Samba uses a different password hashing algorithm from the one in /etc/shadow.

source


When is 16.04 going to be officially available on AWS?

They are kind of released.

If you look at:
https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/query/xenial/server/released.current.txt you will find the AMI id's.

As of right now though, they are not public, atleast not in eu-west-1. Most likely Amazon is vetting them, because they'll become official images.


KSysGuard Reporting Memory Usage Incorrectly

From the comments...

Note: remember that unused RAM is used for file and disk buffers.

The real problem is that your 2G swap space is too small, and your disk is thrashing.

I would increase your swap to at least 6G, and modify your vm.swappiness from the default of 60, to 80.

To test various settings of vm.swappiness, use sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=80. vm.swappiness values greater than the default of 60 make more use of swap. Values less than 60 make more use of RAM.

To make it permanent, edit /etc/sysctl.conf and add vm.swappiness=80 at the end, then reboot.


It looks at first glance like iptables logging.  Try running iptables -nvl to see if anything is jumping to LOG.  You can remove entries by running something like:

sudo iptables -D INPUT <rule_num>

Assuming that the rule is running on your INPUT chain.  Also, I wouldn't make any changes without knowing the ramifications of those changes; iptables can bork your network connectivity rather quickly.


How I should build the official Linux driver for Wireless PCI card D-Link DWA-525 v.A2 in Ubuntu 14.04?

This answer compiled from comments made by chili555 and other users

The 'free' driver for your wifi card is rt2800pci that is in use by the system now.  The driver you see from D-Link's site is actually from the chip manufacturer, Realtek, and is in no way 'official' on D-Link's site.

Further, the entirety of Linux, including Ubuntu, gets the drivers from Realtek as well.  So long as everything works, there is no need to try a different one-size-maybe-fits-all driver.


What's the Ubuntu's policy for releasing custom kernels?

The Ubuntu kernel team has rather good change logs, which can answer a lot of your questions.

For example, I can see that the latest linux-image-4.4.0-57-generic contains the patches from upstream Linux 4.4.35, along with about 40 new patches by the Ubuntu kernel team (fix CVEs, fix kernel config, add a few more drivers, etc.).

The change log is here:

/usr/share/doc/linux-image-4.4.0-57-generic/changelog.Debian.gz

You can read it (for example) with less:

less /usr/share/doc/linux-image-4.4.0-57-generic/changelog.Debian.gz

You can also read it before upgrading the kernel, for example with the C shortcut key in aptitude or running:

apt changelog linux-image-4.4.0-57-generic


Yes, Compiz is compatible with XFCE. The thing is, for common people, choosing XFCE over the "common" ones like KDE, Unity and Gnome is because of limited resources (CPU and Memory most of the time).

But sources like the following confirm that Compiz is compatible with XFCE but needs a little more loving to get it working:

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Compiz#XFCE
http://www.ghacks.net/2010/07/11/run-compiz-with-xfce4/
How do I enable Compiz in xubuntu?


Cannot make Ubuntu 19.10 sound selection persistent

You could set the desired output and port in a pulseaudio configuration file, that is  "/etc/pulse/default.pa" or if you want to make user specific configuration, copy the file and modify it in "~/.config/pulse/default.pa".

You could type pacmd in terminal and find the relevant configuration commands using bash completion (that is press tab key repetitively in command line). I think the commands are set-default-sink and  set-sink-port in this case combined with desired sink names etc.

You have to restart pulseaudio to put the changes in effect. Normally you can do it by issuing

pulseaudio -k

in terminal.


The utility ifne from package moreutils should accomplish what you want:
$ find . -name 'bb' | ifne tee file

From the man page:

Description
ifne runs the following command if and only if the standard input is not empty.


Nvidia proprietary drivers 20.04.1 fail with dependency problems

Solution is to make sure via galternatives or update-alternatives is that gcc, not clang is set as default for all schemes it handles.


moving (user input) files to another location

You can specify the file by adding another read:

echo "what do you want to move?"
read file
echo "where do you want to put it?"
read location
mv -v -- "$file" "$location"

If the script is just to move things from a particular location then you can of course give the path...

mv -v -- ~/my-applications/bin/trash/"$file" "$location"

I added -v so mv will tell you what it is doing - remove if preferred. I also added -- to tell mv not to interpret any following input as options, just to avoid any weird behaviour if someone enters any text beginning with -


According with this post, in general there is no way to know that Fn was pressed and the keycode of key-combinations including Fn depends on the individual keyboard design. In fact, when you press only the the Fn key, this doesn't send any data to the computer.

So unfortunately, you can't bind this combination: Fn+Up. More about: Fn key.

What you can do is to use another key combination to add a custom keyboard shortcut.


Cannot connect to MySQL from remote server

In Ubutu 16.04, the location of the config file you're looking for is /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf


Assuming you're using Breeze for your window decorations,

Open System Settings > Application Style > Window Decorations

Hover over your selected Window Decorations theme. Click on the Settings icon that appears in the lower right corner.

In the window that opens, click the Shadow tab, and set Size to None.

(Note: this may not be available in other non-Breeze themes.)

There's an open issue here: Option to omit shadow and transparent border from windows in Active Window and Window Under Cursor modes.


Ubuntu 16.04 freezes with 4.10 kernel and Nouveau driver

Updated to make answer more standalone:

Your problem is likely related to ACPI.

Try editing acpi_osi kernel parameters according to the suggestions of this question.

Instructions on doing it temporarily (to test it) and permanently (if it fixes your problem) can he found here:

To temporarily add a boot parameter to a kernel:

Start your system and wait for the GRUB menu to show (if you don't see a GRUB menu, press and hold the left Shift key right after starting the system).
Now highlight the kernel you want to use, and press the e key. You should be able to see and edit the commands associated with the highlighted kernel.
Go down to the line starting with linux and add your temporary boot parameter acpi_osi=! acpi_osi='Windows 2009'" to its end.
Now press Ctrl + x to boot.

To permanently add a boot parameter to a kernel:

Always test with a temporary change before making a permanent change. I soft-bricked my laptop because I got overconfident with such changes.

Here is what one has to do to permanently edit boot parameters in order to fix ACPI:

The process to do so is described, for grub2, in more detail in this answer:

# open a terminal
$ gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub
# Find the line starting with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT and append foo=bar to its end. For example:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi=! acpi_osi='Windows 2009'"
# Save the file and close the editor.
# Finally, start a terminal and run:
$ sudo update-grub

To see the kernel parameters of a running kernel type:

$ cat /proc/cmdline
BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.10.0-33-generic root=UUID=221a0401-7879-4389-a6fe-fea2935f35e5 ro quiet splash acpi_osi=! "acpi_osi=Windows 2009" vt.handoff=7


Screen artifacts, particularly when scrolling through a webpage or document

I did have the same problem and found a blog post describing a workaround for this problem. In short: install and open "CompizConfig Settings Manager" and under "Utilities" > "Workarounds" enable "force syncronization between X and GLX". That fixed it for me...


Firstly, the command as written doesn't delete anything: as noted in the a nswer you linked

  Test this out with the echo command, and once you're sure it lists the correct files, use rm instead.

Second, it's over-complicated for your case, since you don't want to limit the removal to a range or subset of the matches (so you don't need the shell test stuff) - you could simply do

find -regextype egrep -regex '.*/[0-9]{5}_.*\.jpg' -print

(to test) and replace -print by -delete once you're satisfied it's working right.

However even regex seems overcomplicated - a simple glob match is actually less typing:

find -name '[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]_*.jpg' -print

(again, replace -print by -delete when you're sure).

If you don't need to search recursively, a simple shell glob should work:

rm -i [0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]_*.jpg


These two lines are the problem:

s180368.        IN      NS      192.168.10.1
s180368.        IN      A       127.0.0.1

The dot on the end of the name makes it into a fully qualified domain name rather than just a hostname under the zone.  In essence bind thinks you're trying to include information about a full domain name called s180368 (without .com) which is not inside the zone s180368.com.

You probably wanted something more like:

ns              IN      NS      192.168.10.1
@               IN      A       127.0.0.1

@ is a shortcut for the full zone name in this case s180368.com.  You're already using it for the SOA record above it.

Note: the registrar may require two different nameserver addresses in which case you should have an ns1 and ns2 and have these names and IP addresses (for glue) match the ones you give the registrar.  Your registrar may also attempt to verify that your nameservers are set up correctly especially when using glue records, and if so, will fail because the nameservers are local IPs that are only relevant on your local network (only resolvers within your local network would successfully resolve the hostname).


I solved my problem. I made like this:

wget https://github.com/Lokaltog/powerline/raw/develop/font/PowerlineSymbols.otf https://github.com/Lokaltog/powerline/raw/develop/font/10-powerline-symbols.conf
mkdir -p ~/.fonts/ && mv PowerlineSymbols.otf ~/.fonts/
fc-cache -vf ~/.fonts


Try installing the libcurl3 and openssl packages if you haven't already. If that does not work, try the following:

apt autoclean
apt -f install
dpkg --configure -a
apt -f install

Then try installing mssql-server again


After some more digging around, I found a post that suggested force setting a user for the share. After adding:

force user = myusername

to my configuration, I can now use the shares. After first adding it to the individual shares, I tried to add it to the global section. This seems to work for all shares then. Hopefully this will be useful to others!

Some more information can be found on my blog.


(Ubuntu 15.10) startx crashes with no error, then system hangs

Do you have the same issue if you remove the nvidia drivers and use the Nouveau drivers instead?

Here is what worked for me:
Start a root sheel (select advanced Ubuntu)

mount -o remount,rw /

apt-get purge nvidia*

reboot

sudo apt-get purge xorg lightdm

Autoremove whatever left

sudo apt-get autoremove

Install lightdm and xorg

sudo apt-get install xorg lightdm


Wireless card not working (Atheros 9287)

Did it work in 13.04? I had a similar problem with 13.10 (worked fine in 13.04), but with a different wireless card (Ralink RT3290). The solution was to upgrade the Linux kernel to 3.12 from 3.11. The instructions given in this answer work fine. I also didn't have an Ethernet to get the .deb files. I used another machine and transfer them with a USB. Worth a try?


Deluge daemon 'Starting up' after uninstall

While writing this Question up, I decided that 'sudo find / -name deluge' wasn't good enough, so I ran sudo find / -name deluge* where I notice that for some reason Deluge had left two startup scripts in /etc/init/, deluged.conf as well as one for deluge web, deluge-web.conf

A quick sudo rm deluged && sudo rm deluge-web took care of it quite nicely.


How to use plugins with GIMP 2.10 flatpak?

For scripts and Python plugins, a simple solution is to put them in some plain directory (outside of the flatpak packaging) and use Edit>Preferences>Folders>{Scripts|Plugins} to add them to the directories checked by flatpak Gimp (this is also a good way to share them between your Gimp 2.8 and Gimp 2.10).

Binaries are a different matter, binaries for 2.8 may not work with 2.10 (and in many case will have to be at least recompiled to take advantage of the new bit depths in 2.10), and the new binaries may have dependencies on libraries that are only available in the flatpak environment.

There is also the (rare) occurence of a Python script that depends on a python library which isn't part of the Python installed in the flatpak environment (which isn't the same as your system Python).

These problems are at the core of many open issues.


Juju Integration with OpenStack: "credentials not found"

Your credentials file should be called credentials.yaml -- note the s, which is missing from the filename in your ls output.

FYI, there are commands that you can/should use to manage credentials, that don't involve touching the files directly:

juju add-credential, which will prompt you for the credentials, and update credentials.yaml,
juju set-default-credential.


Happened to me a few times.
If you have an nvidia card, you have to install the linux-headers package and reinstall the nvidia driver.

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)
sudo apt-get reinstall nvidia-current


Why can I not connect to a remote desktop? [Solved]

Whenever this happens to me deleting all the Remmina RDP certificates gets it back up and running.

The certificates are located at ~/.freerdp/known_hosts/

  rm -rf ~/.freerdp/known_hosts/*

It is nothing dangerous, you will just need to re-confirm connection to the remote pc with a yes/no question at next attempt. Other than this little bug I find Remmina to be an excellent remote connection tool, never had any other Remmina related problems.


Is Ubuntu vulnerable to recent exploits using USB sticks and automount?

You're not vulnerable to the specific attack, but the approach is very interesting. The vulnerabilities used are already fixed.

I've been chatting with Jon Larimer since I heard about his presentation at Shmoo. The defeat of ASLR takes
quite a while (Larimer is brute-forcing it on an NX-emu 32bit system
-- a relatively easy target -- and for the demo he disabled ASLR to show
it more quickly), and at the time hadn't found a workable way to bypass
AppArmor (which he also turned off for the demo), so this speaks pretty
well to the proactive defenses in Ubuntu. Using 64bit would have made the attack unfeasible.

Regardless, we took the opportunity to ask the Desktop team to find
a way to disable auto-mounting when the screen is locked to avoid this
kind of "local but unauthenticated" attack, and have been reviewing
improvements to the other thumbnailers (adding ASLR and AppArmor
profiles).

I've actually written about it here for people interested in more details.


Warhammer 40,000 dawn of war soulstorm steam proton not launching

Adding this to launch options fixed it:

WINEPREFIX=$STEAM_LIBRARY/steamapps/compatdata/9450/pfx


Ubuntu - how to copy files and folders which contain special characters

You could do this in steps, creating a list of the files and the new name for each.  You would probably have to create the target directories first.  If the directory structure is relatively flat you could do that manually with mkdir -p path.  If there are many directories but they don't contain spaces or illegal target characters you could use (say from /dvd to /media)

cd /media ; ( cd /dvd ; find . -type d ) | xargs mkdir -p

This places you in the target directory (ready for the mkdir) and then lists all directories below the source directory, sending those to mkdir.  You may be able to use find option -print0 together with xargs option -0 if you need spaces in directory names.

Then use find to create the list of files to be copied, say with

cd /dvd ; find . -type f | sed 's/\(.*\)/cp "\1" "\1"/' > /tmp/copy.sh

Then edit the file /tmp/copy.sh replacing all illegal characters in the target names.  For each file name the sed command inserts cp before it, then the filename inside double quotes (source), and the filename inside double quotes again (target).  Once you have this looking acceptable make copy.sh executable and run it.

Disclaimer: as always it's possible to copy files to the wrong place, fill a file system, etc, so try a few commands manually and check the result before running a whole mass of them.  You could test the xargs mkdir command by trying xargs echo mkdir first to see what it will do.


There are two solutions for that (use one of these):

Install kernel 4.0.4. It supports your touchpad.
Install a driver using dkms.

First is obvious. For second directions are at Red Hat bugzilla

Just download that archive, extract it to /usr/src and run those commands.
I did not test that package on 3.19 kernels. If there is some trouble you can uninstall it by

sudo dkms remove psmouse/etd0108 --all

And if many people kindly asks me to do it, I will  add a package to my ppa for all supported versions of Ubuntu, like I did for Focaltech packages. ;-)


Who runs scripts inside /etc/cron.hourly if anacron is enabled?

If you look at /etc/crontab, you'll see:

17 *    * * *   root    cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly
25 6    * * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily )
47 6    * * 7   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly )
52 6    1 * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly )

Then check the status of cron:

$ service cron status
cron start/running, process 1041

anacron itself doesn't run as a service/daemon, but as a cron job: /etc/cron.d/anacron.
So cron is running and checking if anacron is present for the daily, weekly and monthly tasks, but not for the hourly tasks. cron runs the hourly tasks.


How do you restrict a server to connections from localhost only?

you can configure your application to listen only on address 127.0.0.1 (localhost), that way it won't be seen as open from the outside.

For example if I have a nginx listening on port 80 fort every ip and an apache listening on port 8080 for 127.0.0.1 :

# netstat  -ltnp (Redacted a little to make it clearer)
Local Address           State       Program name
0.0.0.0:80              LISTEN      nginx: master
127.0.0.1:8080          LISTEN      apache

If you check from the outside these 2 port (With nmap for example), you will only see the 80 opened, and the 8080 closed :

# nmap $server -p 80,8080

PORT     STATE  SERVICE
80/tcp   open   http
8080/tcp closed http-proxy

If you try to connect to the 8080 :

# telnet $server 8080
Trying $ip...
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused

But the 80 will work :

# telnet $server 80
Trying $ip...
Connected to .
Escape character is '^]'.

Hope it helps !


Install Catalyst 12.1 Driver makes system Slower

With your GPU, best would be to switch to Unity 2d.


First select your location and set your system time manually correctly or auto update from internet,


Removing probably everything from Unity/Gnome in Ubuntu

Stripping down from the fully-installed desktop environment can be tedious and error-prone.

Instead, build up from the already-existing Minimal Image


How can I format a hard drive in Ubuntu to use it as storage?

Using GParted software is the best option. To install Gparted goto Ubuntu Software center and search for gparted. And format for "NTFS format" following this video "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LApK79kc4jE" or this link "How can I format my active hard drive to NTFS?".


Kill the process and start it again:

user@host:~$ kill $(pidof indicator-cpufreq)
user@host:~$ indicator-cpufreq


The QTCurve theme does not try and mimic the default look and feel of KDE in any way. It is a theme that gives your GTK-based application a QT-styled appearance, but it will make your GTK-based application stand out and look different to your KDE applications.

The Oxygen theme will make applications both look and feel similar whether they are QT-/KDE- or GTK-based, and the oxygen developer go through much effort of making sure the oxygen gtk theme makes GTK-based applications not just "look" like QT/KDE applications, but also have the same "feel".

For more information on the effort put into the oxygen gtk theme, you can have a look here:
http://hugo-kde.blogspot.com/2011/06/oxygen-gtk-11-is-out.html
and here:
http://hugo-kde.blogspot.com/2011/04/taste-of-things-to-come.html


i have been through this nightmare too, with little help. I have an Ipod 4g. The only way I was really able to sync things up was to install virtual box, and then run Itunes through that. Using Itunes with Wine wasnt working at all. Hope this works for you!


gksudo doesn't work on Ubuntu 12.04 - did work before

Try this command instead:

gksudo 'wminput -q -r 00:22:D7:E2:A0:18'


Editing the .desktop file is enough in this case also because the default applications are called through the .desktop file.

See the /etc/gnome/defaults.list file and the ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list file, the first one contains the system defaults and the second one contains the defaults which you chose instead of the system default.

So basically just look into those files and see which .desktop file is called for which mime type and edit that .desktop file the way you like. The .desktop files can be found in the /usr/share/applications/ directory or if you have overriden a default .desktop that can be found in the ~/.local/share/applications/ directory. (That means if you have a .desktop file with the same name in both directories, the system will always use the .desktop file present in the ~/.local/share/applications/ directory)

E.g. if I want firefox to open links what I click in a terminal in new window instead of in a new tab, I would just make sure that firefox is my default application for browsing, and then just

cp /usr/share/applications/firefox.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/firefox.desktop

to override the default .desktop file, and change the ~/.local/share/applications/firefox.desktop file at the line

Exec=firefox %u

to

Exec=firefox -new-window %u