Packages are being installed rather in proper directories/paths, not on disks as such - better to leave Windows thinking style aside.
What counts here is the directory tree - starting from / - aka root filesystem, and then, for example:

/boot
/bin
/sbin
/home
/var
/tmp
/root

etc.

Those can be just directories or mountpoints - where other disks can be mounted to.
From logical point of view then you'll see for example still the same /home, but instead of your SSD disk, it can be located on HDD disk.

You can install system on SSD disk and use the other, disk mounted under some mountpoint in your directory tree - for example /storage - to keep your stuff there. Whatever you prefer.
It doesn't even need to be the whole disk under /storage - depends on how you want to partition your disk.
Again - for example: /dev/sdb1 (first partition of your HDD disk, let's say) may be /storage, and /dev/sdb2 (the other partition - of whatever side) can be i.e. /home

If you have something on your hdd disk, that you'd like to keep - you, most likely, don't even need to format it - just specify the proper filesystem type in mount command.
Might be worth also to have a look at /etc/fstab if you want to mount the other disk automatically on startup.

Just anyway be sure also that you don't use as a mountpoint a folder with some stuff in it - after you mount another partition/disk to it, whatever was in the mountpoint directory will be inaccessible - until you unmount the disk again.

It may look a bit twisted, but it's not that difficult after all. But the topic is anyway a bit more complex than one could expect.
All depends on what you would exactly like to do.


To have GUI Access and full control (Graphical Way) you can use VINO and VINAGRE which come with Ubuntu (LoL I was going to type wine instead of Ubuntu. Don't know why I got confused ^^). Anyway first configure vino which is a vnc server.

Press ALT+F2 and type vino-preferences
Configure it as you like. It will then show you your IP (Assuming is an internet IP). Remember to put a password.
Go to the client computer which you will use to connect and open vinagre (Typing vinagre in the command windows or looking for it in the menu as Remote Desktop Viewer)
Click on connect and type the IP from your VNC server.

Done.

Now for this to work some points need to be checked, for example:

Is the IP of the VNC server accessible from the internet (Not a LAN IP)
Is the router/modem/switch/isp/godzilla connection you have support connections from the outside.
Do you have good connection to the laptop (Since VNC uses several times more bandwidth than for example ssh.)


mount - mount a filesystem

-o, --options

Options are specified with a -o flag followed by a comma separated string of options.

remount

Attempt to remount an already-mounted filesystem. This is commonly used to change the mount flags for a filesystem, especially to make a readonly filesystem writeable. It does not change device or mount point.

The remount functionality follows the standard way how the mount command works with options from fstab. It means the mount command doesn't read fstab (or mtab) only when a device and dir are fully specified.ManPage


Use crontab to restart an Upstart service on schedule?

You're on the correct path adding this to the root user's cron.

Full system paths

When using cron, you want to be sure to use full system paths for commands and files.  You can use the which command to find out where restart is located: which restart.  For me, it shows /sbin/restart.

So, using this information, the cron would look as follows:

0 6 * * * /sbin/restart shiny-server

which would restart the server at 6:00AM system-time.

Output to /dev/null

When cron runs, it will e-mail any output to the user who is running the cron jobs.  If you don't want this, which you probably don't, the command you'd run would look like this:

0 6 * * * /sbin/restart shiny-server > /dev/null 2>&1

This will output both stdout and stderr to /dev/null, instead of being read by cron.

Edit

I originally misunderstood and thought that this service was runing using init, when it is in fact using upstart.  The moral of the story remains use full system paths when using cron.


Ubuntu thinks Btrfs disk is full but it's not

Btrfs is different from traditional filesystems. It is not just a layer that translates filenames into offsets on a block device, it is more of a layer that combines a traditional filesystem with LVM and RAID. And like LVM, it has the concept of allocating space on the underlying device, but not actually using it for files.

A traditional filesystem is divided into files and free space. It is easy to calculate how much space is used or free:

|--------files--------|                                                |
|------------------------drive partition-------------------------------|

Btrfs combines LVM, RAID and a filesystem. The  drive is divided into subvolumes, each dynamically sized and replicated:

|--files--|    |--files--|         |files|         |                   |
|----@raid1----|------@raid1-------|-----@home-----|metadata|          |
|------------------------drive partition-------------------------------|

The diagram shows the partition being divided into two subvolumes and metadata. One of the subvolumes is duplicated (RAID1), so there are two copies of every file on the device. Now we not only have the concept of how much space is free at the filesystem layer, but also how much space is free at the block layer (drive partition) below it. Space is also taken up by metadata.

When considering free space in Btrfs, we have to clarify which free space we are talking about - the block layer, or the file layer? At the block layer, data is allocated in 1GB chunks, so the values are quite coarse, and might not bear any relation to the amount of space that the user can actually use. At the file layer, it is impossible to report the amount of free space because the amount of space depends on how it is used. In the above example, a file stored on the replicated subvolume @raid1 will take up twice as much space as the same file stored on the @home subvolume. Snapshots only store copies of files that have been subsequently modified. There is no longer a 1-1 mapping between a file as the user sees it, and a file as stored on the drive.

You can check the free space at the block layer with btrfs filesystem show / and the free space at the subvolume layer with btrfs filesystem df /

# df -h
Filesystem              Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/sda4_crypt   38G   12G   13M 100% /

For this mounted subvolume, df reports a drive of total size 38G, with 12G used, and 13M free. 100% of the available space has been used. Remember that the total size 38G is divided between different subvolumes and metadata - it is not exclusive to this subvolume.

# btrfs filesystem df /
Data, single: total=9.47GiB, used=9.46GiB
System, DUP: total=8.00MiB, used=16.00KiB
System, single: total=4.00MiB, used=0.00
Metadata, DUP: total=13.88GiB, used=1.13GiB
Metadata, single: total=8.00MiB, used=0.00

Each line shows the total space and the used space for a different data type and replication type. The values shown are data stored rather than raw bytes on the drive, so if you're using RAID-1 or RAID-10 subvolumes, the amount of raw storage used is double the values you can see here.

The first column shows the type of item being stored (Data, System, Metadata). The second column shows whether a single copy of each item is stored (single), or whether two copies of each item are stored (DUP). Two copies are used for sensitive data, so there is a backup if one copy is corrupted. For DUP lines, the used value has to be doubled to get the amount of space used on the actual drive (because btrfs fs df reports data stored, not drive space used). The third and fourth columns show the total and used space. There is no free column, since the amount of "free space" is dependent on how it is used.

The thing that stands out about this drive is that you have 9.47GiB of space allocated for ordinary files of which you have used 9.46GiB - this is why you are getting No space left on device errors. You have 13.88GiB of space allocated for duplicated metadata, of which you have used 1.13GiB. Since this metadata is DUP duplicated, it means that 27.76GiB of space has been allocated on the actual drive, of which you have used  2.26GiB. Hence 25.5GiB of the drive is not being used, but at the same time is not available for files to be stored in. This is the "Btrfs huge metadata allocated" problem. To try and correct this, run btrfs balance start -m /. The -m parameter tells btrfs to only re-balance metadata.

A similar problem is running out of metadata space. If the output had shown that the metadata were actually full (used value close to total), then the solution would be to try and free up almost empty (<5% used) data blocks using the command btrfs balance start -dusage=5 /. These free blocks could then be reused to store metadata.

For more details see the Btrfs FAQs:

I get "No space left on device" errors, but df says I've got lots of space
Btrfs claims I'm out of space, but it looks like I should have lots left.


Try this, in terminal

gconftool -s --type int /system/indicator/me/display 1

0 hides username and status icon,
1 displays username,
2 displays full name

sry for bad eng :D


Ubuntu 16.04 restarts after login, after trying to install CUDA

I solved it finally. If it helps somebody, what worked for me was to purge the NVIDIA drivers:

$ sudo apt-get purge nvidia-*
$ sudo reboot

So that it could go back to my "xserver-xorg-video-nouveau" driver configuration.


How to take the text form a file within  (regex)

Your question is not clear enough. What should happen when there are more than one character of < or > on the same line?
Assuming that there is only one tag within <> on a line in the file, the following should do your job:
$ sed 's/<.*>//' your_file

The above will delete all the stings in the file that start with < and end with > and will print the remaining.
$ sed 's/^.*<//; s/>.*$//' your_file

The above will delete all the strings up to last < in the line. And after that, it will delete all the strings starting with the first > in the line. For example:
$ echo '111<aaa>222<bbb>333<ccc>444' | sed 's/^.*<//; s/>.*$//'
ccc

If you want to find the first "tag", then try this:
$ echo '111<aaa>222<bbb>333<ccc>444' | sed 's/^[^<]*<//; s/>.*$//'
aaa

If you want to print the string between the first < and the last >, try this:
$ echo '111<aaa>222<bbb>333<ccc>444' | sed 's/^[^<]*<//; s/>[^>]*$//'
aaa>222<bbb>333<ccc


How to properly add new hard drivers to existing Ubuntu system?

In this point Ubuntu doesn't make a real difference between hard drives and USB sticks...
Storage device is storage device. Every partition (except the root partition) is treated the same way, be it on a internal HDD or an CD or whatever. They all mounted on their own mountpoint and can all be unmounted.

I guess you're looking forward to something like the "My Computer" on Windows. Without some alternative file browser I don't think you'll have any success in this. I even doubt there is one...

This question might in some way reference to your's.


When I create an account without password, Ubuntu still asks for it!

Not TOO bad ideas, but still not recommended:
In order to get a no password at login for the gui, you use the autologin options for your login manager lightdm or gdm.
lightdm system settings - user accounts - your username - automatic login
lightdm is the default, so check the gdm docs if you're using that.
In order to get no prompt for keyring you setup an pam script to run after login like this.
In order to get no prompt for sudo you visudo
%admin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
This can break things, but in some situations it's what you need...
In order to get a no password user at command line/terminal/remote login you:
usermod -G nopasswdlogin username
passwd -d username
passwd -l username

To reset the password of an account if you're locked out
Recovery console - mount as rw - root shell:
passwd username then enter the new password
Reset keyring like this
If you're running an alternate install that boots to a terminal and you want auto-root term login:
You can use mingetty - edit
/etc/init/tty1.conf
from this:
exec /sbin/getty 38400 tty1
to this:
exec /sbin/mingetty --autologin USERNAME tty1
from here.


I had the same problem. It had to do with "pinentry" not being installed, which means you were not getting prompted to enter your pgp key passphrase.

There are various versions.

pinentry-tty 0.9.5-4
  pinentry-qt4 0.9.5-4
  pinentry-gtk2 0.9.5-4
  pinentry-curses 0.9.5-4
  pinentry-gnome3 0.9.5-4

I installed

sudo apt-get install pinentry-gtk2

Then RESTART your session, and it should work.

[EDIT]

You might also need to install gpg2

sudo apt-get install gnup2g

Then in thunderbird -> Enigmail -> Preferences. Make sure that it detects:

GnuPGP was found in /usr/bin/gpg2

Otherwise override with /usr/bin/gpg2


What happens if you turn on multiple VPN connections?

That highly depends on how they are configured.  Some tunnels are configured to route only traffic that is destined for the other end of the tunnel, while others are configured to route all traffic.  Which one takes precedent (where your traffic goes) is highly dependent on any routes they might setup and the order in which you enable them.  If you'd like an answer specific to your configuration, you'll need to provide those configurations and your routing table (both while they're connected and disconnected).
Guessing from the names I'm going to assume both of those tunnels are configured to pass all traffic.  If that's the case, it's likely that the second tunnel you enabled established it's tunnel through the first tunnel you enabled.  This probably doesn't make you any more secure and will likely slow down your connection.


How do I disable client side decoration globally in GNOME?

I'm afraid this cannot be done, unless the developer of an application has taken care of a feature like this.
Showing a title bar at the top of windows, does not mean that CDS is actually disabled. It is still missing the classic window layout i.e. title bar, menu bar, tool bar, status bar.
Client Side Decorations has destroyed linux user interface and made apps and desktop environments look ugly and not native.
I hope that every developer would just ignore Gnome guide lines and keep his application useful and consistent for all environments.
Or at least support both ones like celluloid-player
Edit
Let me point out my point of view for CSD:

You can drag n drop windows from header's buttons!! As inconvenient
as it gets!

It does not save space, it it wasting it. Just place windows side by side and see! Specially windows that just have their title/header bar expanded just to match the design!

It is often compared with OSX but this is completely wrong because OSX has and always will have menu bar.

lucking the menu bar, users have to seek for functionality among
buttons placed left or right without any standard design.

Buttons are have to be left-clicked -> released -> re-click. But in the classic design you can just hold-click -> release-click on the
item!!

The need of menubar is essential on some programs like Krita,
Gimp, Inkscape, Blender, etc. So we always have a mixture of CDS and
non-CDS and that is bad! design?

CDS will be used by apps with none or without many "menu options", thus waste of space occurs, cos the entire header bar will be mostly empty but still there! There are plenty of examples out there.

When giving instructions to someone is like "Hey, press the second button from the right, what do you see? Oh ok, now press preferences", i.e. IF you're lucky. Instead of "Hey, goto Menu - Edit - Preferences"!!!

Bonus anti-feature: Those popup menus, so called burger menus?, that you don't see the item's parentS and if you make a mistake you have to move the mouse up and down and again and again to reach the parent! OMG...


How can I enable the power button on my server?

You just need to install acpid package (sudo apt-get install acpid), its just one package, nothing more and it will handle all powerbutton events (acpi-support contains more additional packages). Tested on ubuntu server 11.10

https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-users/2011-November/253766.html


For alternatives as you said, there's Gnash and Lightspark.

To install open Terminal (Press Ctrl+Alt+T) and copy the following commands in the Terminal:

For "Official PPA of the Lightspark project":

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:sparkers/ppa

or for "Automated daily builds from ustream git master":

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:sparkers/daily

Installation:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lightspark browser-plugin-lightspark

Click here for instructions on using PPAs.

NOTE - Update for Ubuntu 15.04, using Lightspark Version 0.7.2-6 (The above PPA repository does not appear to be working in Ubuntu 15.04)

Lightspark 0.7.2-6 deb package can be installed directly via the software centre, which is invoked by clicking the "Install Using Apt" button on the following web page:

http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/package/core/vivid/universe/base/browser-plugin-lightspark


LenovoIdeapad s400 Ubuntu 17.04 battery and Acpi issue

To find the path to your battery use the following command:

upower -e

This will output:

/org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT{#}

Now run:

 upower -i {battery path}

This will output full battery information, check the capacity percentage. Not sure what fixes you did so far so cannot guess as to what could cause it not to boot up on battery only.

To install something in terminal, you type:

sudo apt-get install {package name}


Did you try turning numlk on and off? Use:

fn+numlk

If that doesn't work, try changing your keyboard layout in system settings.


I have two Preseed files, one is "corrupted" and other is fine

The problem was that the line continuation characters ("\") had a space after them ("\ ") in the recipe section of my preseed file. This, apparently breaks ALL of the parsers in preseed. Using "\ " in the late_command also results in a failure to parse.


From a terminal(Ctrl-Alt-t):

Create a folder called user in ~/.config/libreoffice/3/.

Then, copy files from /usr/lib/libreoffice/share to
~/.config/libreoffice/3/user/

Finally, change owner group and permissions, then run libreoffice.


Access to USB devices not working properly

There are basically two main options here:

1) The first solution is that perhaps your camera isn't properly mounted; you can actually browse the files in the .gvfs folder in your home folder if it has been mounted correctly (you will need to check show hidden files in your file browser).

The location of the gvfs folder for Ubuntu 12.10 and beyond is now: /run/user/username/gvfs.

See also my other answer below where I go into more details about manually mounting a camera (it is actually not model specific so may be very useful for you):

Can't transfer photos from Kodak Easy Share C195 Camera

2) Take the memory card out and use a card-reader to access the files and use software that is specifically designed for that purpose and can import your photos into a meaningful directory structure. I have used rapid-photo-downloader before; it is available in the repositories and the official site contains detailed information on the program.


Change language output of Konsole in English

Well, the answer to my problem was a close call. As it is mentioned in GNU documentation there are 3 environmental variables related to this issue:

LANG
LANGUAGE
LC_ALL

Of the 3 the last one normally shouldn't be set. Documentation states that:

  GNU gettext gives preference to LANGUAGE over LC_ALL and LANG for the
  purpose of message handling, but you still need to have LANG (or
  LC_ALL) set to the primary language; this is required by other parts
  of the system libraries.

This means that although LANGUAGE is used in order to determine the language to display message to, it won't be used until one of the other is set to something different than the default (C).

The final note makes it even clearer:

  Note: The variable LANGUAGE is ignored if the locale is set to ‘C’. In
  other words, you have to first enable localization, by setting LANG
  (or LC_ALL) to a value other than ‘C’, before you can use a language
  priority list through the LANGUAGE variable.

So, in my case I had to set both LANG and LANGUAGE to a locale. The choice would be that of LANGUAGE variable regardless of the value of LANG.


I found everything I need:
(with xbacklight being one more, not yet tested option)

#!/usr/bin/env bash

xset +dpms
xset dpms force standby
sleep 1
xset dpms force suspend
sleep 1
xset dpms force off
sleep 1
xset dpms force on
sleep 1

#xrandr -q | grep "connected"
xrandr --output HDMI1 --brightness 0.2
sleep 2
xrandr --output HDMI1 --brightness 1.0

xset s noblank
/usr/bin/xsetroot -solid Black
xset s activate
sleep 1
xset s activate
sleep 1

xset dpms force on
/usr/bin/xsetroot -solid Green
xset s activate
sleep 1

xset dpms force on
/usr/bin/xsetroot -solid White
xset s activate
sleep 1

xset s off
xset dpms force on


Scanner recognised by lsusb but not by scanimage

So in the end, it is a particular sequence that is needed:

unplug the scanner from the USB3 port
open a terminal and enter SANE_USB_WORKAROUND=1
plug the scanner back into the USB3 port
Voila! The scanner is now identified by scanimage -L


How do I add a boot from cd option to yaboot?

I finally realized that it was my drive that wasn't reading the DVD and that the "enablecdboot" line in my yaboot configuration file was all I needed in order to boot from a CD. "enableofboot" also gives me an OpenFirmware boot option if I add it to the yaboot.conf!


If you just want to rsync to it, you can run it over ssh.

You can also browse files over SSH, even mount it permanently. For just moving files around, it's a bit slower and resource intensive than plain samba or NFS but for running rsyncd, it should be fine.

NFS isn't compiled into the dd-wrt kernel so if you want to use it, you need to use the userspace version which is somewhat slower.

Routers don't tend to be the best fileservers. They have a great networking stack but the interface between the router and the drive is pretty slow. On top of that CPU overhead that wouldn't be noticed on a proper server can cause a little router quite a lot of stress.

There are also possible security ramifications of running a precious service like a fileserver on something with a direct connection to the wild.

A NAS (Network Attached Storage) device would probably give you better performance and not cost all that much. A lot of the QNAP devices are multi-protocol aware and perform quite well.


Guide to set up a VPN on Ubuntu 17.10 with Private Internet Access?

The client support page for PIA has setup guides for alternate configurations at the bottom of the page. I would suggest using the OpenVPN instructions, as it should be a bit more secure than using PPTP. You may also need to install the network-manager-openvpn-gnome package, though.


Using sudo apt-get install gfortran should install the latest version of gfortran available for your system. Madison has a list of all versions available for all supported versions.


If you'd rather not get too heavy about this, you can just stream over the raw sound, like you suggest in your question. You can also convert it to MP3 (or another codec - speex might be worth it, if it can be streamed) to save a bit of bandwidth.

Here's what I'm running successfully here:

ssh oli@bessy "arecord -q -t raw | lame -x -r -" | mpg321

That just uses arecord to record from the default source (-q is there to keep it quiet). That can, of course, be tuned. That recording data gets piped through lame which is an MP3 encoder. That output is received back over SSH to your client machine, where it gets piped into mpg123, a command line MP3 player.

Note I have SSH key authentication set up, so there's no password prompt. I'd suggest you do something similar.

You might have issues with arecord. I tried it on our media centre first of all but that wasn't having any of it. I stopped trying to guess which device it wanted me to use and tried the laptop which "just worked".


How to run program once it is saved in $PATH

Before you put the directory inside $PATH, you execute Android Studio like

$ /path/to/your/installation/android-studio/bin/studio.sh

Now that you put /path/to/your/installation/android-studio/bin in your path, that means for every executable in that folder, you can just call its name. Therefore, now you need

$ studio.sh

And your Android Studio should start.

Notice that if you just changed your $PATH in your current shell, then your change won't be saved across shell sessions. Remember to put the change of your $PATH to your rc file like

export PATH=/path/to/your/installation/android-studio/bin:$PATH

If you use zsh, that would be ~/.zshrc. If you use some other shell, go search online what the name of the rc file is.


How to check that Apache / LAMP Ok after using tasksel

Because I'd changed the port (from 80) to 81 that Apache2 was listening on (as per the instructions in https://forums.zoneminder.com/viewtopic.php?t=21721), I needed to put :81 after each of the above http addresses. So obvious when you know how!


As far as I know, that is not configurable.
If you go to the Unity Plugin options under Compiz Config Manager, you will not see any option regarding to that separation line.

An option should be added to the Compiz plugin in order to control that. Otherwise, download the code, modify it and compile your own Unity package without the line :-/


Ubuntu just has a different fan control than Windows. Seems its profile makes the fans go on a little later than in Windows. This would propably mean that your laptop is more silent :-)

You don't have to worry about it because those temperatures are still harmless. Everything under 80°C is fine and even temperatures up to 90 or 100 are OK if this only happens on occasion and not for a very long time.


Hope Ubuntu-Tweak will solve your issue

First install latest ubuntu-tweak 0.85 by execute this command in terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

Once installed open it from dash and go to Tweaks tab.
Open Login Settings option under Startup.
First click Unlock button located top-right side, give password.
After Unlock it will clear to you what to do. i,e If you want to set same login background as the current desktop background you have to click : Set the background as the current desktop background button. or else if you want to change a different one you have to click the big square button above to it.

Hope it will help you to resolve your issue.. Reply if something goes wrong..


Anydesk crashes after another user accepts remote connection


MOTD - show memory usage, 50-landscape-sysinfo without swap info

One way to do so would be to disable the sysinfo plugin that handles swap usage. Unfortunately, the plugin that shows swap usage also handles the memory usage, so disabling it disabled both:

$ landscape-sysinfo  --exclude-sysinfo-plugins=Memory
  System load: 0.0                Users logged in:     3
  Usage of /:  56.0% of 15.62GB   IP address for eth0: 10.1.1.1
  Processes:   202

  Graph this data and manage this system at:
    https://landscape.canonical.com/

This can be set for the MOTD using the /etc/landscape/client.conf configuration file:

[sysinfo]
exclude_sysinfo_plugins = Memory

The other way would be to process the output of /usr/bin/landscape-sysinfo by editing /etc/update-motd.d/50-landscape-sysinfo (which is actually a symlink to a file in /usr/lib, so your changes may be lost when you upgrade). Something like:

/usr/bin/landscape-sysinfo | sed 's/Swap usage: *[0-9]+%//'

This would also lead to ugly output if there's one more item in the list (like a second network interface).

As Kevin points out, for the specific case of no swap, the output can be tidied up and the expression simplified:

/usr/bin/landscape-sysinfo | sed 's/Swap usage: *0% *//'

This should shift any entry next to Swap entry to where the Swap entry was.


Try this: open a TTY with Ctrl+Alt+F1. Login with your username and password. Stop the desktop with sudo stop lightdm, reinstall Unity with sudo apt-get install --reinstall unity and finish the dirty job with sudo start lightdm.

Remember to try it with a fast Internet! If you have any doubts or it just doesn't works, you can always reply me! :)


How to pass the image preview from the QML Camera component to a C++ plugin

You can get valid engine instance using following syntax.

QQmlEngine *engine = QQmlEngine::contextForObject(this)->engine();

And to get pointer of image provider, you can do something like following,

QQmlImageProviderBase* imageProviderBase = engine->imageProvider(item.host());
QQuickImageProvider* imageProvider = static_cast<QQuickImageProvider*>(imageProviderBase);

As QQuickImageProvider is derived from QQmlImageProviderBase, I think this cast is ok. Not sure how otherwise we can get pointer of QQuickImageProvider from engine.


How do I specify the position of an lxterminal?

You can specify a window's position by editing $HOME/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml.

Back-up lubuntu-rc.xml as a safety measure.

Open $HOME/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml with a plain text editor.

Scroll down to the section titled <applications>. You'll see a lot of text commented out.

Immediately after the last commented line, paste the following:

  <application class="Lxterminal" name="lxterminal">
  <position force="yes">
    <x>-0</x>
    <y>0</y>
  </position>
  </application>

Save lubuntu-rc.xml (as a plain text file).

Open a terminal and run openbox --reconfigure. There should be no error dialog window indicating parsing errors, etc.

Now, when you run lxterminal, it should open at the top right corner of your screen. Once you're sure, lxterminal opens as specified in the example, edit lubuntu-rc.xml to adjust the x and y values to suit your needs remembering to run openbox --reconfigure to make the changes register after saving your edits.

You can consult http://openbox.org/wiki/Help:Applications for more details.


mon0: ERROR while getting interface flags: No such deviceuse

It is rather well known that the Broadcom STA driver doesn't support monitor mode. You can confirm this yourself:

iw list

My wireless card reports:

Supported interface modes:
         * IBSS
         * managed
         * AP
         * AP/VLAN
         * monitor
         * P2P-client
         * P2P-GO
         * P2P-device

Moreover, for almost all Broadcom devices, one and only one driver supports the device. For these, we know of no alternate driver that works at all, much less provides monitor mode.


How to disable the keyboard shortcut to switch between workspaces?

How to disable or change the keyboard shortcut to switch workspaces

1. On Ubuntu Mate

Although I am pretty sure the keyboard custom keybindings must be in a gsettings key somewhere in Mate as well, a quick search gave no result(s). That is a pity, since an elegant (automatic) solution would be preferable.

However

To change or disable the workspace-switch keybindings manually, choose:

System > Preferences > Hardware > Keyboard Shortcuts > Window Management (section)

Then simply click on the shortcut key (on the right) and press Backspace to disable the shortcut.

You could of course set another one alternatively.

  If the Workspace Actions are Missing

  For the workspace actions to show up in the Keyboard Shortcuts list, you may need to have at least two workspaces configured. On my machine, I had already disabled all the workspace functionality, but the keyboard shortcut was still being intercepted by Gnome. Reenabling workspaces and setting it so there were two available caused the actions to reappear in Keyboard Shortcuts so that I could remove those shortcuts.

Note

The weird thing is that after disabling the shortcut via GUI, the shortcut could be controlled, similarly to the way it is done in Gnome/Unity. Not sure what to do with it, but wanted to mention...

2. On Unity / Gnome

Using gsettings commands

The keybindings to switch to another workspace are set in:

org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings

To disable the keybindings to move up/down/left/right, run the commands:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-up []
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-down []
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-left []
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-right []

To reset:

gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-up

(down/left/right)

This applies to both 14.04 and 15.04+


Lubuntu 14.04 + TightVNC: remote mouse cursor is "X"

After researching into each command used in my xstartup file and the options available, I found the solution to be adding the following parameters to xsetroot:

-cursor_name left_ptr

So, my xstartup file now looks like this:

#!/bin/sh

xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey -cursor_name left_ptr
autocutsel -fork
lxsession -s Lubuntu -e LXDE


How to put VueScan in applications start menu

Using Ubuntu 20.04 with Cinnamon-mate desktop.
I managed to solve. Created launcher on desktop and opted to have copy in Other folder. Found out how to use Menu Editor to shift launcher into a different group.


How to disable Apport pop-up message without disabling Apport?

Apport doesn't actually pop up these messages, update-notifierdoes that for you.

If you want to to disable these, you can do it via

gsettings set com.ubuntu.update-notifier show-apport-crashes false

Apport will not be affected by this.


Cannot connect to wifi after upgrade to 13.10 (BCM4313)

Let's try the other possibility. With a temporary wired ethernet connection:

sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree
sudo modprobe brcmsmac

It may take a reboot.


Why pkexec does not launch Qt-based application as root user?

To launch a program with pkexec a proper .policy file for that program needs to be present in the /usr/share/polkit-1/actions directory. It has nothing to do with which graphical toolkit (Gtk or Qt) is used.


I am using Spyder 3.2.8 on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS but the Python version is 2.7. How do I change it to Spyder Python3.6 version?

By default Ubuntu is still using Python 2.7.  But you can run Python 3 by using the command python3.  To get Spyder to use python3 follow the answers here.  Use which python3 to get the absolute path to python3.


Grub options are not visible on booting on Samsung ATIV Book 9 Lite running Ubuntu 14.04

Open terminal (ctrl+Alt+T) and run

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub

Edit the file put # before the GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 and change:

GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=false

Save the file (not 'save as') and close it.

Now go back to terminal and run:

sudo update-grub

Now reboot and see.


When you upload your package in Odoo 10:

res_model="myconferences.myconf" : This class of object is not created or maybe you cannot add a custom addons path like:

./odoo-bin --addons-path=addons,custom_addons  -d custom_db
You must check that this class is in your module:

class MyconferencesMyconf(models.TransientModel):
    _name = 'myconferences.myconf'


Help window automatically opening every time for opened window

If the popup is opening when you press key h then your Alt key could be stuck. Try pressing on it to help proiper releasing.


Switch to my AMD RADEON graphics Topaz XT in Ubuntu 16.04

Open up Synaptic package manager and install the xserver-xorg-video-radeon package. Reboot your computer. You should automatically be switched to your Radeon card, however, you should check your additional drivers menu to be sure the switch was made.


How can I secure an unencrypted swap parition?

Encryption of swap isn't usually done because of the time required to encrypt writes and decrypt reads -- swap, by its nature, needs to be as fast as possible, because swap space is more or less standing in for RAM you can't afford or don't have slots for.

I would point out, however, that if someone is pulling data out of your swap partition, your computer is already fully compromised -- either the attacker is at console and has rebooted to another OS (from a USB stick, perhaps), or they've gained full control of your system remotely and, at the least, dismounted the swap in order to apply read-write access.

That is to say, if swap partition security matters, swap partition security probably doesn't matter, because the attacker pwns everything on your system anyway -- even if they can't steal you "whole disk encrypted" storage, they can hold it hostage, or install software that will replicate and transmit every read and write in the unencrypted form.


apt-get install -y -u apache2 nginx memcached mysql-server php5 php5-mysql php-pear nodejs upstart
pear channel-discover pear.phing.info
pear install phing/phing

Solved :)


I have a Lenovo laptop too and i did not want to turn off the UEFI mode, so i Created a Bootable USB that is UEFI and Legacy Compatiable. I did not have to disable Fastboot or UEFI.

The reason i did not want to turn off the UEFI is that i feel more secure.
you can read about the advantages of UEFI here
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-8/what-uefi

The main reason for not disabling UEFI for me is that it offer better security by helping to protect the pre-startup process against bootkit attacks.

but disabling UEFI should not be a problem and it wont mess anything up.
Legacy mode is compatible with other systems that UEFI might not be, such as older Windows versions or some Linux operating systems.

Hope i helped


Here's how I found out:

walt@bat:~(0)$ type command
command is a shell builtin
walt@bat:~(0)$ man bash | grep -E '^\s+command '
       command (see SHELL GRAMMAR below) or the third word of a case or for command:
              command  listed  under Compound Commands above.  compound-command is executed whenever name is specified as the name of a simple command.  When in posix mode, name
              command to abort.
       command substitution, or parameter expansion.
       command name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed.  Functions are executed in the context of the current shell; no new process is  created
       command to abort.
       command name.
       command below.
              command is immediately followed by a character that is neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next command is multiplied by four.  The  argument
              command as it would appear in .inputrc, but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.  Options, if sup‐
       command [-pVv] command [arg ...]
                      command Command names.  May also be specified as -c.
                      command is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions.
              command  name  from  shared  object  filename, on systems that support dynamic loading.  The -d option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -f.  If no name
              command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using !.  These are the same conditions obeyed by the errexit (-e) option.
walt@bat:~(0)$ man bash | grep -E -A8 '^\s+command \[-pVv'
   command [-pVv] command [arg ...]
          Run  command  with args suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PATH are executed.  If the -p option is given,
          the search for command is performed using a default value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities.  If either the -V or -v option is sup‐
          plied,  a  description of command is printed.  The -v option causes a single word indicating the command or filename used to invoke command to be displayed; the -V
          option produces a more verbose description.  If the -V or -v option is supplied, the exit status is 0 if command was found, and 1 if not.   If  neither  option  is
          supplied  and  an  error occurred or command cannot be found, the exit status is 127.  Otherwise, the exit status of the command builtin is the exit status of com‐
          mand.

   compgen [option] [word]
walt@bat:~(0)$


Actually there is a way to reset S.M.A.R.T. data. You only need simple rs232 to usb converter (uart to ttl) and a few cables attached to hdds diagnostic interfaces. (it's on the right side of sata port, 5 or 4 pins) You must conect RX TX and GND cables (and power cable of course :D) then power on HDD and connect to it with putty or hyperterminal (linux can connect with it's own terminal i guess)
for example for seagate drives:
for 7200.10 and older baud rate is 9600
for 7200.11 and newer is 38400

commands
after connection hit CTRL + Z
then type "/1" hit enter
type "N1" hit enter
when it finishes remove all cables and turn on HDD like normal to see changes :)

for other hdd info use google :)


Lenovo g580 and Ubuntu 12.04.1 - no internet access at all (both wired and wifi)

OK,

So after searching through the web and reading a lot, I found out that my laptop have a BCM4313 wireless card. This helped me be more focused on my search.
There were bunch of solutions, each was working on a different computer with different spec, and it took me a while to which is good to my issue. The solution was based mostly on the answer in here. This is what I did:
I went to a different computer with internet connection (actually, I was booting into Win7 since I'm dual booting, and this is why it took me more time, since I had to switch my OS all the time, just to find out that I didn't saved every link and file needed for each solution when booted to Ubuntu without the network connection :S ). I then opened a VM in there while installing Ubuntu 12.04.1 and disabling the network connection on the guest machine (this way I gained a machine with a similar state to my laptop, but with the ability to enable the network and download whatever I need to fix my issue).
After installing the guest machine, I enabled the network and did the following:

$ mkdir tmp_debs
$ cd tmp_debs
$ sudo wget `apt-get --ptint-uris --yes install bcmwl-kernel-source broadcom-sta-common broadcom-sta-source`

I then copied the *.deb files to a flash-drive, booted into my Ubuntu, connected the falsh-drive and copied all *.deb files localy to a tmporary directory. Then I executed the following command:

$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb

After that I removed a module:

$ lsmod | grep "b43\|ssb\|bcma\|wl"

Since the output of this command indicated that I have only the bcma, I did the following:

$ rmmod bcma

Thant's it. I know that the link provided above showed that I had to reverse the order of things I actually did and that there are more stuff needed to be done, but I forgot to do the rest and after rebooting, my network card worked perfectly fine.
Plus, I'm not sure that the rmmod bcma is really necessary, but this is what worked for me. You can try doing it without it if you want.

Comment: For some reason, I didn't managed getting the list of debs from all VMs. There were computers that managed to find that list and others that gave me an error as an output. For those who can't get the list (or want to make life more easy), I'm providing here the list of debs needed to be download from (any) computer with internet connection (using the wget tool). Copy the following list into a file and do wget --input-file <file_name> instead of the wget command above.

List:

http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libu/libunistring/libunistring0_0.9.3-5_i386.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gettext/libgettextpo0_0.18.1.1-5ubuntu3_i386.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-4.6/libstdc++6-4.6-dev_4.6.3-1ubuntu5_i386.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-4.6/g++-4.6_4.6.3-1ubuntu5_i386.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-defaults/g++_4.6.3-1ubuntu5_i386.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libt/libtimedate-perl/libtimedate-perl_1.2000-1_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/dpkg/libdpkg-perl_1.16.1.2ubuntu7_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/dpkg/dpkg-dev_1.16.1.2ubuntu7_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/build-essential/build-essential_11.5ubuntu2.1_i386.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/dkms/dkms_2.2.0.3-1ubuntu3_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_5.100.82.38+bdcom-0ubuntu6.1_i386.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/multiverse/b/broadcom-sta/broadcom-sta-common_5.100.82.112-4_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/h/html2text/html2text_1.3.2a-15_i386.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gettext/gettext_0.18.1.1-5ubuntu3_i386.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/i/intltool-debian/intltool-debian_0.35.0+20060710.1_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/po-debconf/po-debconf_1.0.16+nmu2ubuntu1_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apparmor/dh-apparmor_2.7.102-0ubuntu3.7_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debhelper/debhelper_9.20120115ubuntu3_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/diffstat/diffstat_1.54-1_i386.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/q/quilt/quilt_0.50-2_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/multiverse/b/broadcom-sta/broadcom-sta-source_5.100.82.112-4_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/fakeroot/fakeroot_1.18.2-1_i386.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/liba/libalgorithm-diff-perl/libalgorithm-diff-perl_1.19.02-2_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/liba/libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl/libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl_0.04-2build2_i386.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/liba/libalgorithm-merge-perl/libalgorithm-merge-perl_0.08-2_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libs/libsys-hostname-long-perl/libsys-hostname-long-perl_1.4-2_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libm/libmail-sendmail-perl/libmail-sendmail-perl_0.79.16-1_all.deb
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/m/module-assistant/module-assistant_0.11.4_all.deb

Hope this can help someone :)


I guess you might have missed to disable the secure boot option. Reinstall the bcmwl-kernel-source package.

$sudo apt-get install --reinstall bcmwl-kernel-source

And the focus on setting the password for disabling secure BOOT.

You then need to restart your system, and press any key to enter into the configuration mode. This screen will only be there for few seconds, so keep your focus while restarting.

You then need to toggle the secure boot option to disable and it will ask for the password you set will installing bcmwl-kernel-source package. It will not directly ask for the password, but ask only certain characters of your password,

For e.g.: Enter Character 2, Enter Character 5, etc.

After that confirmation, the system will boot normally and WiFi drivers should be loaded on your Ubuntu.!

Happy Networking!


Booting from ISO file without actually writing to CD or memstick

Install virtualbox and boot the ISO from within virtualbox.


How to report that a package is obsolete in ubuntu repositories

Looks like the  KBibTex package has been drifting through releases with no version bumps:

Yakkety (0.4-4): universe/kde
Xenial (0.4-4): universe/kde
Wily (0.4-4): universe/kde
Vivid (0.4-4): universe/kde
Trusty (0.4-4): universe/kde
Precise (0.4-1): universe/kde

So well worth filing a bug report which can be done through Launchpad:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/kbibtex/+filebug

Interestingly enough in the 'Answers' section you will see Klabauter mentioning that a new version is available and the answer to this question was: 'I suggest you report a bug.' So in the case of this particular software package I think the way is clear :).

Further Reading:

AskUbuntu: How to request a package upgrade in the next Ubuntu release
Ubuntu Wiki: Tags for Bug Reports


If you are going use a USB stick, you certainly do not have to install it next to Windows on your hard drive. Ubuntu runs just fine off the USB. In fact, you do not even have to have a hard drive installed on your laptop for the USB stick UBUNTU OS to work (although to get Ubuntu on the stick, you will have to have a computer with Windows and a wired Internet connection so you can install Ubuntu with Wi-Fi (Broadcom plug-in) on the stick).

You must be connected to the Internet for this procedure to work.

Use the installer located at http://www.pendrivelinux.com   and click on "DOWNLOAD UUI"
using a Windows based machine.

Go to Ubuntu.com and download the 14.04 LTS 32 bit Desktop .iso image file (I used 32 bit because of memory limitations. BTW it works great!)

Plug in your USB Stick (I used a 4GB blank USB stick)

Start the Universal USB installer. Follow the prompts to install Ubuntu on your USB stick.

This will take a few minutes so be patient. Use a small persistence file..about 1MB.

After installation, (the program will tell you when it is completed).

After you install Ubuntu, you may have to download the proprietary Broadcom driver for your wireless Wi-Fi connection to work. Do this now before unplugging your USB stick.
Shutdown Windows and boot from the USB to start Ubuntu. After booting, choose "System Settings > Additional drivers" and Ubuntu will find the Broadcom Wi-Fi driver
automatically. then choose install.

Remove your USB stick if you wish.

Plug into any computer with a motherboard. Go to setup on your motherboard and choose boot from USB as the first boot attempt.

You will be pleasantly surprised when the Ubuntu OS boots. You may have to add and setup your Wi-Fi if you have a wireless router.

Any other questions just ask!

Greg Petranek.......Ubuntu user and Linux supporter.


Don't install the distributed VMware Tools. VMware recommends that users install open-vm-tools (on Ubuntu Server) or open-vm-tools-desktop (on Ubuntu Desktop). See VMware KB article "VMware support for Open VM Tools (2073803)". Using open-vm-tools has the advantage that the package will then be upgraded together with all other packages on the system.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install open-vm-tools-desktop

You may want to avoid installing useless recommended packages:

sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install open-vm-tools-desktop


How can I prevent audiobooks from appearing in Banshee's 'Music' list

Instead of importing directly, drop them in the audiobooks folder and then rescan your media library for banshee to find them.


How can I map my Bamboo tablet to the entire screen after increasing screen resolution?

This page taught me how to map my generic tablet input to just one of my monitors (I have two, stacked vertically).  The middle section describes messing around with the coordinate transformation matrix.  To map my tablet to my top monitor I had to run the command:

xinput set-prop "HUION KentingK58" --type=float "Coordinate Transformation Matrix" 1 0 0 0 .5 0 0 0 1

You will likely need to scale up in x and y, but can probably get away with using the same method.


How can I undo the effects of grub-reboot?

Use the grub-set-default command.
For example, assuming you want the first grub entry to be your default:

sudo grub-set-default 0


The gnome panel configuration is stored at ~/.gconf/apps/panel, you just need to backup it up.


apt-get does not work without an internet connection. How can work around this?

One way of doing this is using apt-offline. You can download the package here (make sure you also get the dependencies) and install with
sudo dpkg -i apt-offline_1.3.1_all.deb

Once you have it installed run
sudo apt-offline set mypackages.sig --install-packages your_packages (you can also use `--upgrade` for a full upgrade, see `man apt-offline` for more details).

Then, take the file that was just generated (mypackages.sig), and run
sudo apt-offline get mypackages.sig --no-checksum --bundle mypackages.zip

Now, go back to your firewalled system to install it:
unzip  mypackages.zip

That should result in a list of .deb files that you can then install manually with dpkg -i *.deb.
I also found something called keryx which might be worth checking out:

Keryx is a free, open source application for updating Linux. The Keryx Project started as a way for users with dialup, or low-bandwidth internet to be able to download and update packages on their debian based distribution of linux. Mainly built for Ubuntu, Keryx allows users to select packages to install, check for updates, and download these packages onto a USB portable storage device. The packages are saved onto the device and are then taken back to the Linux box that it originated from and are then installed.

Finally, you can also do all this manually with apt-get from the other system:
sudo apt-get update --print-uris -y | sed "s/'//g" | cut -d ' ' -f 1,2 |
  while read url target; do wget $url -O ./$target; done

The command above will download all .deb files needed to install your packages. See my answer here for more details on how that works.
References

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingSoftware#Installing_packages_without_an_Internet_connection
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1637309&p=10198406#post10198406


Key "enable-interactive-search" not found

I had a similar problem and just reinstalling gedit worked to fix it

sudo apt-get install --reinstall gedit


How to record an audio CD with track information in Brasero?

What you're trying to do is impossible.
What you're trying to do is very difficult.
Your CDJ Pioneer player is a combination of CD / MP3 player that can extract the name of the tracks from the lossless information on the original CD or the MP3 files.  WAV files do not contain any information except audio and aiff is a proprietary Fruity format that requires Fruity licensing.
So you could convert the non-MP3 files to FLAC, create a CD Table of Contents using CD-Text and then it'll work on any CD Player, but that's a lot of work!
But why do I get track information on my computer then?
Well, your computer is connected to the Internet and uses fingerprinting or has proprietary software (libraries) licensed by the Fruity company so yes, it can display what it thinks it is (and will get it wrong every now and then, though that is rare nowadays)
Is there something easier I can do?
Yes, you can convert all non-MP3 files to MP3 and manually add the missing information if said information is not available in the original file format (E.g. WAV) and your CD/MP3 player will just display the information from the MP3 file.  Have a look at ffmpeg.
ffmpeg can be installed using:
sudo apt install ffmpeg


Good. Lets start :)
Try this, should work for you.

First, solution is based on squid.

After installation, obviously, we’ll be modifying the squid.conf file. We’ll be using the following configuration directives:

http_port
name=
myportname
acl
http_access
tcp_outgoing_address

First, we want to tell Squid what IPs and ports to listen on, and we want to use the name= option with http_port:

# Squid normally listens to port 3128
http_port xx.xxx.xxx.111:3128 name=3128
http_port xx.xxx.xxx.112:3129 name=3129
http_port xx.xxx.xxx.113:3130 name=3130
http_port xx.xxx.xxx.114:3131 name=3131
http_port xx.xxx.xxx.115:3132 name=3132
http_port xx.xxx.xxx.116:3133 name=3133

We just asked Squid to listen on sequential ports and to designate a name for each inbound connection.  Now that we’ve named the inbound connections, we can designate an ACL based on each inbound connection name and assign an outgoing IP to each:

acl tasty3128 myportname 3128 src yy.yyy.yyy.0/24
http_access allow tasty3128
tcp_outgoing_address xx.xxx.xxx.111 tasty3128

acl tasty3129 myportname 3129 src yy.yyy.yyy.0/24
http_access allow tasty3129
tcp_outgoing_address xx.xxx.xxx.112 tasty3129

acl tasty3130 myportname 3130 src yy.yyy.yyy.0/24
http_access allow tasty3130
tcp_outgoing_address xx.xxx.xxx.113 tasty3130

acl tasty3131 myportname 3131 src yy.yyy.yyy.0/24
http_access allow tasty3131
tcp_outgoing_address xx.xxx.xxx.114 tasty3131

acl tasty3132 myportname 3132 src yy.yyy.yyy.0/24
http_access allow tasty3132
tcp_outgoing_address xx.xxx.xxx.115 tasty3132

acl tasty3133 myportname 3133 src yy.yyy.yyy.0/24
http_access allow tasty3133
tcp_outgoing_address xx.xxx.xxx.116 tasty3133

That’s it. You should now be able to connect to any configured IP addresses through Squid.

In example I use only 6 ip.

Next. If you wish basic authentication you must do following

We are going to create a file to store passwords in it and change the ownership of it so Squid can access.

sudo touch /etc/squid/passwd
sudo chown squid /etc/squid/passwd

Suppose that john is our username for accessing the Squid proxy server, we will use this command to generate password for that username. You will need to type the password and retype it again for confirmation.
The -d argument in this command will force the htpasswd to use CRYPT encryption of the password.

sudo htpasswd -d /etc/squid/squid_passwd john
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user john

To test if the username and password type this command and in the following file enter the username and password seprated by space.

/usr/lib64/squid/ncsa_auth /etc/squid/passwd
john pass
OK

Open the Squid configuration file and add following lines to the top of file.

auth_param basic program /usr/lib64/squid/ncsa_auth /etc/squid/passwd
auth_param basic children 5
acl ncsa_users proxy_auth REQUIRED
http_access allow ncsa_users
https_access allow ncsa_users

After changes restart service

sudo service squid restart

Try.


After searching and searching online I've found the answer to this problem and the solution is quite simple.

Apparently it's because the graphic drivers don't load quickly enough during the booting sequence so by the time the graphic drivers are ready booting has almost finished and thus either no Plymouth screen is shown or a very quick fast of it is seen.

So the solution I found and it works is to add a simple line to the following file:

gksu gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/splash

then add to it:

FRAMEBUFFER=y

Save the file, and then run:

sudo update-initramfs -u -k all

This command will update the initial ramdisk containing the drivers needed by the kernel at boot time. The parameter -k all updates all of them if you have more than one kernel installed. Reboot and all is well.

This works in ubuntu 12.04 too.

Hope this helps anyone who is missing the lovely Ubuntu boot screen.


Not finding jscalibrator when attempting to install?

That software is unsupported as of Karmic (=2009). Due to the maintainer not upgrading the package to GTK2 at that time.

I see no method in installing this software on Ubuntu 14.04 or newer anymore.

Also see: How do I configure a joystick or gamepad? It might be possible using a KDE tool.  Good luck :)

If you get an error message like that please 1st check the ubuntu package list for that name and you would have seen it does not exist anymore.


Should the snap-store be using >300Mb of memory?

You can safely uninstall the Snap Store app with sudo snap remove snap-store && sudo apt install gnome-software, and if you do you will still be able to install snap apps from the terminal with sudo snap install package-name and also to manage installed snap apps from the terminal.
There is a temporary workaround. App Outlet is another software center app that has the functionality of searching for snap packages, but if you install it locally in your home directory without root permissions (it is an appimage app) then you have to install snap packages from the terminal. If App Outlet is locally installed (What is an “AppImage”? How do I install it?) the RAM it used should be freed up when it is closed.
I don't think Snap Store's excessive RAM usage is anomalous because other Ubuntu users have also reported the same problem. I suggest that you try App Outlet without uninstalling Snap Store. If App Outlet works as a replacement for Snap Store then you can uninstall Snap Store and install the Software app with sudo apt install gnome-software instead.
I have both Snap Store and the Software app installed in 20.04 and the RAM used by both apps is freed up when they are closed. I'm worried that your Software app will use excessive memory too, the same as the Snap Store does, but if it may solve half of the problem if it doesn't use excessive memory, and you can use App Outlet alongside the Software app as a replacement for Snap Store.


Download the latest version from here, currently version 3.8
Open a terminal via Ctrl-Alt-T and go into your Download folder, eg

cd ~/Downloads

Extract the archive

sudo tar xf launch4j-3.8-linux.tgz -C /opt

Create desktop file

nano /usr/share/applications/launch4j.desktop

and add the lines below

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Launch4j
Comment=Launch4j Executable Wrapper
Icon=launch4j
Exec=/opt/launch4j/launch4j
StartupNotify=true
StartupWMClass=Launch4j

Start via your Launcher


Can you mount the Windows partition from Ubuntu ? Go to Files and under Devices you should see something like 100 GB Volume. If you enter the partition and you can see that there are files from Windows then you can recover everything. Otherwise you should install an fresh copy of Windows.


I merged this answer, OP's answer, below comments and my own experience:

Create a file called Eclipse.desktop in ~/.local/share/applications (e.g. with the command nano ~/.local/share/applications/Eclipse.desktop)

Add these lines:
[Desktop Entry]
Comment=Eclipse
Terminal=false
Name=Eclipse
Exec=/path/to/your/version/eclipse/eclipse
Type=Application
Icon=/path/to/your/version/eclipse/icon.xpm
StartupWMClass=Eclipse

Note that 'Exec' should point to your eclipse executable, not the containing folder which is also named 'eclipse' usually. Check if the icon file is present and if necessary adapt its path. Save the file.

Make the file executable by running chmod a+x ~/.local/share/applications/Eclipse.desktop.

Click on 'Show Applications' (the dot logo on the bottom left of the screen) and in the search bar enter 'Eclipse'. It should appear.

Right click on the Icon and choose 'Add to favorites'.

There is a lot more you can specify in a .desktop file with further key-value pairs, more info here.


Where does webcam stores clicked images?

You will most probably find it in /var/lib/AccountsService/icons/USERNAME

However, there are some more info about that in /var/lib/AccountsService/users/USERNAME (this is a text file)

Edit: This seems to have been answered before. Where is the user's profile picture stored in Gnome 3?


Network does not start on initial boot, but does on reboot

To answer my own question, since nobody else had any ideas....

The motherboard is Gigabyte H170-Gaming 3.  An upgrade of the BIOS appears to have solved the problem.


You can download the latest Ubuntu 17.10 daily build from the official Ubuntu image server.

Ubuntu Kylin 17.10 (Artful Aardvark) Daily Build


Error: Package 'grub-legacy' has no installation candidate!

GRUB Legacy is in maintenance mode and new features are only accepted in GRUB 2 (grub-pc package). To install grub-pc open the terminal and type:
sudo apt install grub-pc

This package contains a version of GRUB that has been built for use with traditional PC/BIOS architecture.


Available updates not shown when login to terminal Ubuntu 14.04

Thats the message of the day (motd). Check if the file /etc/motd is existing and has content. When typing:

cat /etc/motd

...you should see the message like this:

Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-58-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com/

115 packages can be updated.
115 updates are security updates.

Probably that file is empty in your case. The following packages need to be installed that the file is updated periodically:

base-files
update-notifier-common

You can force recreation of the file with this command:

run-parts /etc/update-motd.d/

Edit:

The manpage of pam_motd says that there is a flag called noupdate to prevent updateing the motd.  Edit the file /etc/pam.d/sshd. In the file edit the line:

session    optional     pam_motd.so  motd=/run/motd.dynamic noupdate

to:

session    optional     pam_motd.so  motd=/var/run/motd


Boot delay after upgrading Ubuntu from 18.04 to 18.10

Your Lenovo G40-35 doesn't have Nvidia graphics; it only has Intel discrete graphics. The graphics drivers for Intel integrated graphics are built-in in Ubuntu and you shouldn't install any other graphics drivers. That's why the nouveau.modeset=0 kernel boot option slowed your boot time because that option is for Nvidia graphics only. Also the Nvidia proprietary graphic packages that you installed with sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall are not compatible with your computer's hardware and should be uninstalled. Run the following command to list the Nvidia packages that are installed:

dpkg -l nvidia* | grep ii

Uninstall all these packages with a command similar to sudo apt remove first-file next-file last-file and reboot with sudo reboot . Boot without adding the nouveau.modeset=0 kernel boot option.


How do I get a Ralink RT3060 wireless card working?

For 12.04:

The only official support for the RT3060/3062/3562/2592 in Linux is experimental and may not be fully functional.

This is provided by the rt2800pci driver from the kernel.org/compat-wireless team
The driver is an independent effort and does not seem to use Ralink code

Option 1. Try installing the latest compat-wireless backports package and see if it works

Click the below to install it via the Software Center:

Alternatively, open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T and paste:

sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-cw-3.3-precise-generic
Once installation is complete, reboot and see if your wireless card works better. If not, follow option 2.

Option 2. Build and install Ralink's own drivers

Download them from Ralink's website.
Save to your Downloads folder (default):

Open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T, and paste the following, line by line:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential dkms
cd Downloads
tar -xzf DPO_RT3562_3592_3062_LinuxSTA_V2.4.1.1_20101217.tgz
cd DPO_RT3562_3592_3062_LinuxSTA_V2.4.1.1_20101217
WPA1=HAS_WPA_SUPPLICANT
WPA2=HAS_NATIVE_WPA_SUPPLICANT
sed -i -e "s/$WPA1=n/$WPA1=y/g" -e "s/$WPA2=n/$WPA2=y/g" os/linux/config.mk
sudo make && sudo make install && sudo make clean
cd ..

Blacklist the built-in driver, and load the new one with:

echo "blacklist rt2800pci" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-rt2800pci.conf
sudo modprobe -rfv rt2800pci
sudo modprobe -v rt3562sta

Your RT3060 should now be functional. You can now open up the Downloads folder in the File Manager and delete the downloaded Ralink file/folder:


Why my Ubuntu 16.04 can't connect to wired when I change kernel to 4.2

Kernel version 4.2 is EOL (End Of Life). This means hardware patches and bug fixes will not be applied to it. If you really need an older kernel hopefully 4.1 which is LTS (Long Term Support) will work for you.

As per The Linux Kernel Archives these are the LTS kernel versions:

4.9 maintained by Greg Kroah-Hartman, EOL: Jan, 2019
4.4 maintained by Greg Kroah-Hartman, EOL: Feb, 2018
4.1 maintained by Sasha Levin, EOL: Sep, 2017
3.16 maintained by Ben Hutchings, EOL: Apr, 2020
3.10 maintained by Willy Tarreau, EOL: Oct, 2017
3.4 maintained by Li Zefan, EOL: Apr, 2017
3.2 maintained by Ben Hutchings, EOL: May, 2018

If you try version 4.1 and it doesn't work for your project, or for the Intel Ethernet chip then the next step would be to get the working Intel driver and force it to load in the kernel.

Please keep us posted on your progress via Question update or commenting below this answer.

Welcome to Ask Ubuntu

Update: May 22, 2017.

OP fount LTS Kernel 4.1.xx with update drivers will not work for current platform. OP has opted to get Ethernet support by compiling new driver. The specific Ethernet card gained support in driver version 21.0 as shown by this screen:

The latest driver has been downloaded (version 22.3 dated Apr 27 2017) and now the following compile errors are encountered:

root@horatio2-OptiPlex-7050:/home/horatio2/e1000e-3.3.5.3/src# make install
Makefile:67: *** Kernel header files not in any of the expected locations.
Makefile:68: *** Install the appropriate kernel development package, e.g.
Makefile:69: *** kernel-devel, for building kernel modules and try again. Stop.'

These errors are likely because only linux-image was installed and not linux-headers. Exact kernel version number is required from uname -a output to install appropriate header version.


Ubuntu 18.04 stuck at upgrading linux-header

TLDR: Disable Secure Boot.

I started having this same issue about a month ago. For me it turns out the solution was disabling Secure Boot. I've had Secure Boot disabled since I installed Ubuntu 18.04 and it's upgraded without any problems. However, about a month ago, I updated my BIOS which re-enabled Secure Boot (I didn't know this at the time). It was frustrating having the upgrades freeze and I finally figured it out because my VirtualBox installation was also not working. The fix for VirtualBox was disabling Secure Boot which also fixed my linux-headers-<version>-generic upgrades.

As noted in the question, it would freeze here:

...
Setting up linux-headers-4.15.0-38-generic (4.15.0-38.41) ...

After disabling Secure Boot, I get:

...
Setting up linux-headers-4.15.0-38-generic (4.15.0-38.41) ...
/etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms:
Secure Boot not enabled on this system.
...
done


I just tested this in Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS Mate:

Create a text file with any editor a put the following content on it:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Open Ask Ubuntu
Type=Link
URL=https://www.askubuntu.com/
Icon=text-html

Save the file with the extension .desktop (e.g. Ask Ubuntu.desktop)
Open your shortcut and the URL of it will be loaded on the current window or instance of Google Chrome that you already have running.

If this doesn't work, try with the following content:

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Exec=google-chrome https://www.askubuntu.com
Name=Ask Ubuntu
Comment=Open Ask Ubuntu in Google Chrome
Icon=ask-ubuntu
Categories=GNOME;GTK;Network;WebBrowser;
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=true
OnlyShowIn=GNOME;Unity;
X-GNOME-Keywords=Network;AskUbuntu;
Name[en_US]=AskUbuntu

Hope it helps.


Is there a terminal/command-line interface to the 'Appearance Preferences' dialog?

If all you need to do is to disable and enable effects this is fairly easy done with

metacity --replace

to disable effects and

compiz --replace

to enable effects. This is scriptable too.


Why can't Ubuntu access my Raspberry Pi across LAN?

So until you had ufw enabled with default settings on your Ubuntu machine the connection always reported Connection refused. After you disabled the ufw on you client the connection is established but the password is always rejected?

I would guess in that case your problem is that the 192.168.2.128 ip is routed back to your client Ubuntu machine, and actually you are connecting to the ssh server running on your Ubuntu machine. This would explain:

Why you are able to connect from the internet.
Why your connection was rejected when the firewall was on on your Ubuntu client.
Why the connection is no more rejected with the client firewall turned off.
Why now the connection is established, but the authentication fail.

To troubleshoot this case:

Check the server's host key with ssh -v pi@192.168.2.128 both for a local and for an internet connection. Does it report the same key?
Or while you are connecting from local, and you are at the prompt to type your password, from another terminal: sudo netstat -tupan and see if a connection is established to the sshd on your Ubuntu.

Although this case would explain everything, but it is so weird that I have doubts that this is your problem.


How to remove fedora from boot menu after formatting the disk of fedora?

Installing grub again will remove Fedora from the Ubuntu GRUB boot menu.

Search for installed grub packages.
apt list --installed | grep grub

Reinstall all the grub packages and update grub.
sudo apt install --reinstall package-name
sudo update-grub
The above commands will reinstall and configure the grub packages and update grub. Replace package-name with the names of the grub packages from the results of step 1.

You can then run cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg to check that your Fedora entry has disappeared.


how can I install ubuntu desktop on a HTC HD2?

Download Ubuntu  from XDA Developers
Extract the archive.
Connect your device, and copy the "linux" folder to the root of your storage card, eg \Storage Card\linux
Disconnect your device, and run \Storage Card\linux\haret-pre-0.5.3-20100629_092009-QSD8250-ONLY.exe
Wait patiently. If the process takes more than 15 minutes, pull the battery and try again.

More information please click here : Of course credit too


How can I display a message on the login screen?

I realize this is a late response (like, years late) but I thought I would go ahead and put something here for anyone else having the same issues.  I see this issue all the time.  This is just one way to do it that is easy to script and deploy.  Keep in mind this is an inelegant solution that is similar to this one: How do I create a popup banner before login with Lightdm?

Create a file and name it anything you want such as: anythingYouWant
Put the following in that file (replacing the banner text of course):

bannerText="This is my banner and you will love it.  Worship it!"

zenity --question --title="Pirate Ninja Banner" \
--text=$bannerText" --no-wrap --width=800 --height=200

until [[ $? = '0' ]]: do
   zenity --question --title="Pirate Ninja Banner" \
   --text=$bannerText" --no-wrap --width=800 --height=200
done

Adjust width and height to whatever you need.

3a. The idea here is when the login message displays the user can't proceed until they agree to the terms, thus it loops until "yes" is selected.

NOTE (because I didn't know this before): zenity --list can return true yes false no (Boolean values), zenity --question returns exit 0,1

Make your file executable:

sudo chmod +x anythingYouWant

Put it somewhere -- I just stuck it in /usr/bin

sudo mv anythingYouWant /usr/bin

-----------LIGHTDM-----------------------

If you are using lightdm then you'll need to modify your lightdm.conf file.  When I went to do this the first time lightdm.conf wasn't there T_T.  So, if it isn't, that's okay, go get you a copy by doing this:

sudo cp /usr/share/doc/lightdm/lightdm.conf /etc/lightdm/

If that didn't work then it could be that the file in /usr/share/doc/lightdm/ is zipped up so do:

sudo gzip -d /usr/share/doc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.gz

7a.  Then move the file to /etc/lightdm/
Open up lightdm.conf (that should now be in /etc/lightdm/) and add the following beneath the section that says [SeatDefaults], like this:

[SeatDefaults]
greeter-setup-script=/path/to/your/loginMessage

8a. Where /path/to/your/loginMessage is wherever you put the executable you created earlier.  I put mine in /usr/bin so mine looks like:

[SeatDefaults]
greeter-setup-script=/usr/bin/loginmessage

8b. Save the file
That should about do it for lightdm.  You could also just create your own lightdm.conf file and put the above into it.

9a. Reboot.

-----------GDM-------------------

I tested this popup "loop" on CenOS 7 and Ubuntu 14.04 with GDM as well.  Thing is, lightdm.conf doesn't really help in the case of GDM now does it?
Well, there is a work around that works for me (for now).
Open the file /etc/gdm/Init/Default

sudo vim /etc/gdm/Init/Default

Go to the bottom of the file.
Right above exit 0 put:

exec /path/to/your/message

14a. Where /path/to/your/message is the path to your nifty login message.  When all done it should look something like this:

fi
exec /usr/bin/loginmessage
exit 0

14b. The "fi" and the "exit 0" are already there, you just put in the "exec /path/to/your/message part of it.

14c. Save and reboot.
All the rebooting probably isn't necessary.  I test this stuff in vm's so its easier to just bounce the machine.
If there are better ways to do this I'm all ears/eyes.  I know that gconf works swell in CentOS 6.x.  I know that dconf kind of works in CentOS 7 but I wasn't getting what I wanted.  None of the gconf stuff has worked for me in Ubuntu, even after installing GDM and reconfiguring <- could just be me though.


How to make tail -f show time when line was appended?

It is possible.  Try the following:

tail -f /tmp/log.txt | awk '{ print strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), $0; }'


Journalctl filling up with Gnome shell errors

Not a real answer to the question, but a workaround: deactivating and reactivating the Dash-to-Panel Gnome extension (on extensions.gnome.org) helped. That is, Alt + Tab switching from one application to another is now much faster, and systemd-journal does no longer take 100% after such a switch.

I haven't checked whether journalctl still displays that many errors, as they can only be viewed one screen at a time and there are still millions of messages. In a few days I'll clean up the log (with the vacuum keyword that I also discovered today) and report back here if the messages, contrary to expectations, still appear.


How does fdupes determine which file to keep and which to delete from set of duplicate files scattered in storage disk?

Here's a test I performed:

$ ls -lt -u -r */*.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 11:49 001/sample0.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 11:49 001/sample.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 11:49 001/sample2.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 11:49 001/sample3.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 11:49 002/sample2.mp3
$ ls -lt -c -r */*.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan  9 23:39 001/sample0.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 10 00:14 001/sample2.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 10 00:20 002/sample2.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 10 01:02 001/sample3.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 10 01:08 001/sample.mp3
$ ls -t -1r */*.mp3
001/sample0.mp3
001/sample3.mp3
001/sample2.mp3
002/sample2.mp3
001/sample.mp3
$ fdupes -r . | grep mp3
./001/sample0.mp3
./001/sample3.mp3
./001/sample2.mp3
./002/sample2.mp3
./001/sample.mp3
$ touch -a 001/sample2.mp3
$ ls -lt -u -r */*.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 11:49 001/sample0.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 11:49 001/sample.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 11:49 001/sample3.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 11:49 002/sample2.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 22:29 001/sample2.mp3
$ ls -lt -c -r */*.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan  9 23:39 001/sample0.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 10 00:20 002/sample2.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 10 01:02 001/sample3.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 10 01:08 001/sample.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 22:29 001/sample2.mp3
$ ls -t -1r */*.mp3
001/sample0.mp3
001/sample3.mp3
001/sample2.mp3
002/sample2.mp3
001/sample.mp3
$ fdupes -r . | grep mp3
./001/sample0.mp3
./001/sample3.mp3
./001/sample2.mp3
./002/sample2.mp3
./001/sample.mp3
$ touch -m 001/sample3.mp3
$ ls -lt -u -r */*.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 11:49 001/sample0.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 11:49 001/sample.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 11:49 001/sample3.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 11:49 002/sample2.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 22:32 001/sample2.mp3
$ ls -lt -c -r */*.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan  9 23:39 001/sample0.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 10 00:20 002/sample2.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 10 01:08 001/sample.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 22:29 001/sample2.mp3
-rwxrwxr-x 1 hash hash 3416208 Jan 11 22:34 001/sample3.mp3
$ ls -t -1r */*.mp3
001/sample0.mp3
001/sample2.mp3
002/sample2.mp3
001/sample.mp3
001/sample3.mp3
$ fdupes -r . | grep mp3
./001/sample0.mp3
./001/sample2.mp3
./002/sample2.mp3
./001/sample.mp3
./001/sample3.mp3
$ fdupes -rd ./001/ ./002/
[1] ./001/sample0.mp3
[2] ./001/sample2.mp3
[3] ./002/sample2.mp3
[4] ./001/sample.mp3
[5] ./001/sample3.mp3

Set 1 of 1, preserve files [1 - 5, all]: 4

   [-] ./001/sample0.mp3
   [-] ./001/sample2.mp3
   [-] ./002/sample2.mp3
   [+] ./001/sample.mp3
   [-] ./001/sample3.mp3

Conclusion:

The duplicate files are sorted in reverse order of latest modification time. So, the first file in the set of duplicates is the oldest in term of modification time (mtime).

That means if you use fdupes -rdN [directory] ..., the file with oldest mtime in each set of duplicates will be preserved and the rest will be deleted.

References:

MAC times,
What is the difference between file modification time and file changed time?,
The touch command.


how to merge two disk Ubuntu primary partitions

Actually, having two partitions -- one small for the OS and a large one for /home and the data -- is a very good idea. Instead of merging the partitions, I would rather move my /home from the smaller partition to the large one, and mount the large one as the new /home.

There are at least two very good reasons for that. (i) reinstalling the system does not increase heart rate, as chances of incidentally wiping out your data by allowing the installer to format the partition are smaller (ii) smaller partitions tend to have better access times.

If you really, really want to merge, however, then you do this:

move all data from one partition to another
delete the partition from which you have moved the data
expand the remaining partition with gparted

It doesn't matter which partition is first, as long as they are next to each other.


The problem is text encoding - the text encoding of the file system you have copied from is not the same of the target file system.

I'd guess that the file system you have transferred from is a native Windows file system with file names in a localised encoding, and that the target file system is a Linux file system with UTF-8 filenames (UTF-8 should support most languages).

You probably want the convmv program (this is available from the Ubuntu repositories) - you'll need to work out what the source encoding of the file names is (should be in the list you get from running convmv --list, I'm not familiar with Arabic but a quick search suggests it's cp1256.)

e.g. (and you may need to experiment a little with the options to get this right)

# this should rename all files in current folder, recursively
convmv -f cp1256 -t utf-8 -r .

http://www.j3e.de/linux/convmv/man/


Failure to install libpng-dev in ubuntu 18.04

From the answer you included in the question, use the following command to reinstall libpng16-16 to the required version:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libpng16-16=1.6.34-1

You should then be able to install libpng-dev.


Xubuntu 14.04 - full-disk encryption and LVM during installation?

Yes, indeed, it does give the option for full-disk encryption and LVM configuration during installation.

Source: Installing Xubuntu 14.04 on the Acer S3 Ultrabook


Some "For purchase" apps not visible in software centre

That application is likely not available for Natty (11.04).


Can't bookmark specific network locations in Nautilus

The links you see under Computer are created automatically by reading the file ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

Edit that file to point to the right need path and the link changes will survive the reboot.


Windows7 Virtualbox guest in seamless mode has bottom clipped off in Ubuntu 13.04

I had essentially the opposite problem, windows host and a Ubuntu 13.03 guest.  However the resolution to my problem may be what you need as well- perhaps setting the resolution this way on your Ubuntu host will solve the problem with your windows guest:

Screen Resolution issue on Ubuntu 13.04 installed under Virtualbox


touchpad switches between libinput and synaptics

I'm not sure what caused the change in gnome's driver choice, but I was able to fix the problem by removing synaptics and its config files (after making sure libinput was still installed).

# ensure libiniput drivers are installed
dpkg --status libinput-bin libinput10 xserver-xorg-input-libinput \
  | grep --before-context=1 '^Status: '

# remove synaptics drivers & config files so gnome doesn't get confused
sudo apt-get purge xserver-xorg-input-synaptics


Writing Hindi language with Bolnagri in Ubuntu 17.04

Hindi (Bolnagri) is still there, but it was hidden. Please see the answer to this question. The suggested solution will 'unhide' Hindi (Bolnagri) as well.


There are many keyboards available in the market with special "media keys" on them like 'calculator key' which when pressed would launch the calculator directly or the 'media player key' which would launch the default media player when pressed.
So these are the special launcher shortcuts that you see in keyboard setting panel.


Trying to set a variable in PHP.ini file under ubuntu 10.10

I'm answering myself this time.

Found a solution on this issue after say more googling and the page at:

http://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-specify-a-custom-php.ini-for-a-website-apache2-with-mod_php

Really made my day.

Altered my empty httpd.conf file with the following:

php_admin_value sendmail_path "/usr/sbin/ssmtp -t"

Restarted apache2. No errors and phpinfo() shows the following at mentioned variable:

sendmail_path    /usr/sbin/ssmtp -t    /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i

Guess I can go of and testing more with ssmtp now.

And there are more about this at http://www.php.net


How to have a key or an easy shortcut writing the interpunct "·"?

No software required for this.

It is simply done by pressing and holding the Alt Gr key and pressing the full stop character above it as this demonstrates ····

The interpunct will be placed in the centre of the line.

In the event that your keyboard doesn't support the key combination to insert the interpunct (like the French AZERTY keyboard) an alternative - if not perfect solution - is to try this resource of bullet symbols. its a work around but might work in your situation. If you click on the item you need, it will be copied to your clipboard and then Ctrl+v (or right mouse click - Paste) will post it in for you: •


Installing an Ubuntu virtual machine in the cloud using juju/MaaS

If you want is to install Ubuntu Server on a VM, all you will need is MAAS. Follow the steps on this link to setup MAAS.


wifi scanning results say No scan results

I had this same problem. It was an internal card and the system detected it. The drivers were loaded, but it found no wireless networks.

It was an antenna issue. I connected the antenna leads and it worked.


Hide text under icons on desktop possible?

No, this option is not build into the extension. It would probably require editing source code of the extension to remove the icon label.


First open your Terminal

You will need to get Subversion

sudo apt-get install subversion

Then you will need to get the source

svn co https://line6linux.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/line6linux

Change to the directory

cd line6linux/driver/trunk

Time to build from the source but first make sure you have the latest build and headers

sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install linux-headers

Now that is updated and you are in the trunk directory

make
sudo make install

Now shutdown and restart with the guitar port (or toneport) connected and you should be able to see it.

source


693Mb listing of ubuntu 12.04 downloas to 726MB?

Most people are using usb drives these days are they are easily available, reusable, and less expensive.

At any rate, some .iso are larger then 700 mb but burn to iso with no problem.

If you wish to use a CD, burn it and report any problems.


New Install of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS on MacBook Pro (2010) won't restart, black screen with "Oops"

I had the same problem, the workaround I found was the following.

Use the live USB of ubuntu to access the PC then mount the HD where you installed Ubuntu, then:

 sudo vi mountinglocation/etc/default/grub

Edit the line containing quiet splash with nomodeset.
Reboot then at the GRUB menu press e and replace the quiet splash with nomodeset.
When you login the first time remember to update the GRUB settings with:

sudo update-grub


Is Ubuntu 14.04 slower on low-end graphics cards than 12.04 LTS?

Yes, you must.

Open a terminal and copy paste the following:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Using the latest features is always more secure, reliable and you will allways be up to date.

Do a system clean with bleachbit after the upgrade:

sudo apt-get install bleachbit

and then

sudo bleachbit

and perform the clean up.


Login screen shows "User" instead of my actual account name

Go To System Settings and then User Accounts Then Select Your  User-name That Should Be JFK And Change Your Name Their I Hope This Helps.


I accidentally ran "sudo umount -a" and now have no access to anything

Just reboot the machine. It is just temporarily and the permanent configuration in /etc/fstab is restored upon reboot.


Replace a folder name using a contained file name

Given

$ tree
.
├── eYRlzR8Ibk
│   ├── Awnluslskl
│   │   └── ö, û, accnts.avi
│   ├── baz
│   └── xyz.mp4
└── wHKEWxFgIt
    └── foo bar.srt

3 directories, 4 files

then

$ find . -mindepth 1 -depth -type d -execdir sh -c '
  for d; do
    set -- "$d"/*.*
    [ -e "$1" ] || continue
    f="${1##*/}"
    mv -n -- "$d" "${f%.*}"
  done
' sh {} +

resulting in

$ tree
.
├── foo bar
│   └── foo bar.srt
└── xyz
    ├── baz
    ├── ö, û, accnts
    │   └── ö, û, accnts.avi
    └── xyz.mp4

3 directories, 4 files


Unable to dual boot windows 10 and Ubuntu 18.04 on separate drives

Mount partition

First ensure you've mounted your window's partition:

$ lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE,LABEL,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT
NAME        FSTYPE  LABEL                    SIZE MOUNTPOINT
sdb                                         14.4G
├─sdb4      iso9660 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS amd64   1.4G /media/rick/Ubuntu 18.04 LTS amd64
├─sdb2                                         1M
├─sdb5      ext4    casper-rw                6.4G /media/rick/casper-rw
├─sdb3      vfat    usbboot                  244M
└─sdb1      ntfs    usbdata                  6.4G /media/rick/usbdata
sr0                                         1024M
sda                                        931.5G
├─sda4      ntfs    WINRETOOLS               450M
├─sda2                                       128M
├─sda5      ntfs    Image                   11.4G
├─sda3      ntfs    HGST_Win10               919G /mnt/d
└─sda1      vfat    ESP                      500M
nvme0n1                                      477G
├─nvme0n1p5 ext4    NVMe_Ubuntu_16.0        44.6G /
├─nvme0n1p3                                   16M
├─nvme0n1p1 ntfs                             450M
├─nvme0n1p8 ext4    Ubuntu18.04             23.7G
├─nvme0n1p6 swap    Linux Swap               7.9G [SWAP]
├─nvme0n1p4 ntfs    NVMe_Win10             391.2G /mnt/c
├─nvme0n1p2 vfat                              99M /boot/efi
└─nvme0n1p7 ntfs    Shared_WSL+Linux           9G /mnt/e

30_os-prober

Make sure your 30_os-prober is marked as executable as shown below:

$ ll /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11736 Jun 29  2018 /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober*

TL;DR

Most people recommend switching from the default Intel RST to AHCI. I've found that both work however.

I did change BIOS to not reload from hard disk each boot which saved 4 seconds or so. I also changed BIOS to not read from NIC cards which saved a few seconds. BIOS POST used to take about 16 seconds and I trimmed it down to 5 seconds. Still too long I think because Dell Inspiron 17R 7720SE is only a second or two.

In BIOS make sure TPM and secure boot is turned off. Also you might want to follow boot-repair suggestion to move partition to front of disk:

$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 477 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 43583516-680C-4323-A4B1-592DF4DEEB70

Device              Start        End   Sectors   Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1       2048     923647    921600   450M Windows recovery environment
/dev/nvme0n1p2     923648    1126399    202752    99M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p3    1126400    1159167     32768    16M Microsoft reserved
/dev/nvme0n1p4    1159168  762818491 761659324 363.2G Microsoft basic data
/dev/nvme0n1p5  819851264  821610495   1759232   859M Windows recovery environment
/dev/nvme0n1p6  821610496  916246527  94636032  45.1G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p7  916246528  964739071  48492544  23.1G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p8  964739072  983709695  18970624     9G Microsoft basic data
/dev/nvme0n1p9  983709696 1000214527  16504832   7.9G Linux swap
/dev/nvme0n1p10 762818560  819851263  57032704  27.2G Linux filesystem

Partition table entries are not in disk order.

Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 8BEC7AEB-4576-42B0-8A8A-D40779A80126

Device          Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sda1        2048    1026047    1024000  500M EFI System
/dev/sda2     1026048    1288191     262144  128M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sda3     1288192 1928626175 1927337984  919G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda4  1928626176 1929547775     921600  450M Windows recovery environment
/dev/sda5  1929547776 1953523711   23975936 11.4G Windows recovery environment

As you can see both Windows 10 on SDD and HDD appear:


If you're not using encrypted swap you should remove this line

/dev/mapper/cryptswap1 none swap sw,noauto 0 0

And un-comment this one (remove the #)

#UUID=c399c299-23f2-4c06-b6b7-aab8ef70d98b none   swap  sw   0  0


Why doesn't Doom 3 work in Ubuntu 12.04?

I got it to run! The problem was my ATI video drivers and configuration. I removed and installed the newest (just came out today) ATI drivers following the excellent guide here:

http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu_Precise_Installation_Guide#Installing_Catalyst_Manually_.28from_AMD.2FATI.27s_site.29

In addition, my system is running faster than ever xD. Thanks for all the responses.


Here Maps on Ubuntu touch only displays a blank screen

In order to make "Here Maps" work again, you have to clear it's cache (Why this has to be done is beyond me).

To do it, just open the terminal app and delete the dir containing the cached data:

rm -r ~/.local/share/com.nokia.heremaps

The app should work fine afterwards. You will loose any saved data though.

Word of caution: Be very careful when working with the rm -r command.


How to show .Trash and hidden files on USB sticks but not in $HOME?

Nautilus doesn't support automatically changing settings based on the directory. You can use Ctrl+H to manually toggle between showing or not showing hidden files (usually known as dotfiles), but Nautilus can't be configured to automatically toggle that option.

However, if you're using a filesystem on your flash drive that supports symlinks (not FAT32 or NTFS), you could work around your issue this way:

cd /path/to/your/flash/drive
ln -s .Trash Trash

This way, you'll have a non-hidden directory where you can easily check the contents of your trash.


First, check if you can see your fingerprint device with the next command:

lsusb

Second, You need to install fingerprint-gui use the next commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fingerprint/fingerprint-gui
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libbsapi policykit-1-fingerprint-gui fingerprint-gui

Third, Logout & Login again, launch the Fingerprint GUI and enrol your fingerprints.


Ubuntu 12.04 dell inspiron 1440 wireless network does not work with wireless networkdisconnected messages

Your device also has another driver available that sometimes works better. Please get a temporary wired ethernet connection, open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-lpphy-installer

Detach the ethernet, reboot and let us know how it's working.


High number of interrupts on Ubuntu 15.04 on Dell XPS 13 2015 (9343)

It seems to be the trackpad. Don't use it and press 'r' in powertop, the number should be low. Move your finger around fast on the trackpad and press 'r' again, the number should be very high.


keyboard shortcut to switch between windows within an application

The existing shortcut is Alt + key above TAB

Depending on your keyboard key above TAB could be §, `, º, ^, ², etc.


Configuring Transmission for faster download

If you are using a router, make sure that the port used by Transmission for incoming connections is opened in your router (NAT port forwarding). As the other clients are faster, I suspect that they use a port that is already opened in your router.

In Transmission go to Edit > Preferences > Network and set the same port as in the other clients, and disable "Pick a random port every time Transmission is started". You can use the "Test Port" to see whether the chosen port is open.

It's also possible that your router is configured to accept UPnP or NAT-PMP port forwarding requests. If that is the case, you could enable the "Use UPnP or NAT-PMP port forwarding from my router" checkbox (instead of setting the port and opening it in the router manually).


Yes. If you use the normal upgrade process instead of reinstalling, upgrading will not change components critical for the boot process (whenever possible). This means, that it's very unlikely that the dual boot setup will be affected by upgrading.


Actually, I think this is a better answer than what I gave:

How can I search for files in Unity?

I don't think this ppa made into 11.10 but this looks to be the way to go:

http://www.webupd8.org/2011/05/real-files-folders-search-unity-lens.html

Given that the drive is mounted, you would enter the mount point into the configuration file and do the setuid that it recommends and you should be indexing those files as well.


Is there a command to force Unity to reload menu data?

Have you tried pressing ALT + F2 and type "unity", then press enter
(this is the same as running "unity --replace" in shell).