Which of these memory partitions are Ubuntu?

before I deleted the 30.00 GB Healthy (Primary Partition) which I know was definitely Ubuntu. I now suspect that the 15.01 GB Healthy (Recovery Partition) might also be Ubuntu but the 100 MB Healthy (EFI System Partition) is a mystery to me. When right-cliking either one I only get the option "Help" but not "Delete".

Most certainly the 30.00 GB partition was Ubuntu, because the others are clearly something else. It's not recommended to mess with the EFI System Partition, so it's not surprising that potentially dangerous operations are disabled there, and that's why you cannot delete it.

  Which partitions are Ubuntu and how can I be sure before deleting them?

You can delete the 30.00 GB partition and either use the space from it to extend the data partition labeled D:, or create a new partition from it. In the latter case, formatting it will delete Ubuntu's data.


sudo unable to write to /var/lib/sudo/malik/tty1

You have to run

sudo chown -R malik:malik sudo

from within the path /var/lib
Or better run it providing the full path

sudo chown -R malik:malik /var/lib/sudo

from anywhere on the system.

The / before sudo in your command makes it looking for the file/folder sudo in the root directory / which doesn't exist in your case and is not what you want.

Anyway probably not the best thing to do so in general.

From the comments here I understand that your original problem is not having permissions to run

cd /home/malik

Than you probably don't have to change anything in /var/lib but rather Run the comment on the home folder instead

sudo chown -R malik:malik /home/malik

In order to set the ownership of the home folder and all content to user malik and the group to malik.

Additionally you might also need to run (without -R)

sudo chmod '0770' /home/malik

in order to make the folder read-, write- and accessable for the user malik and members of the group malik and disable read, write and access for other users.


Prevent local admin from installing any blacklisted package on Ubuntu (Desktop)

Remove sudo rights from all nasty users and instead use a sudo whitelist for specific commands/users.
Read man sudoers and you may read this tutorial "Run only Specific Commands with sudo in Linux": https://kifarunix.com/run-only-specific-commands-with-sudo-in-linux/


Short of a one-shot tool doing exactly what you want, I can recommend a 2-part approach:

davmail can help you connect to exchange server from Ubuntu (via Outlook web access or EWS)

Install using the .deb available on the sourceforge site.
Follow the steps in Linux Setup and Getting Started pages to have davmail present an "IMAP interface to your exchange email". You would only need to configure IMAP port (un-check other things, unless you'd like to further experiment accessing email & calendar information via a linux client like Thunderbird)

Conky can display unread messages on an imap inbox at any convenient location on your desktop. Alternatively, you can try Popper

BTW, once you are past the (easy) configuration of davmail, you could access your outlook email from either Thunderbird or Evolution as if it were on a local IMAP server. Thunderbird setup instructions are available at the davmail site.


configuration issue with respect to .htaccess file on ubuntu

I have been able to solve problem,
what happens is when you install Ubuntu and use apache2 in it there is a default website which is activated as soon as apache2 is installed in ubuntu

so that default website which is active is

/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default

what happens is I have 2 files in sites-enabled directory

/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/tshirshop
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default

when Ubuntu's Apache loads the vhosts from sites-enabled directory

it loads the vhost configurations in alphabetical order
so 000-default was loaded before tshirtshop
and in 000-default there is a line which is following

DocumentRoot /var/www
<Directory /var/www/>
            AllowOverride None
</Directory>

Reasons my configuration was not working
1) Note the AllowOverride None  in  000-default was getting priority over AllowOverride all in tshirtshop  (alphabetical loading of vhosts)  so this was the reason my .htaccess file was not loaded since the 000-default site configuration was loaded before reading tshirtshop vhost and it already carried a line AllowOverride None
2) In my /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/tshirshop file I wrote

DocumentRoot /var/www/tshirtshop

and was accessing the application as

http://localhost/tshirtshop

so I changed the vhost tshirtshop's DocumentRoot

DocumentRoot /var/www/tshirtshop

to

 DocumentRoot /var/www

and disabled the default site of Ubuntu's apache

sudo a2dissite default

Now my configuration of /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/tshirtshop is being read and applied to.So now my .htaccess file is being respected.


Lemme understand your issue in the right way

Your source is /home/user/public_html and I assume it has files in there. And you want to make a link to this directory right in /home/user/app/public. In this way then, you could do something like ls /home/user/app/public and see the files on that exist on /home/user/public_html.

If this is correct, then your source is /home/user/public_html and the target is /home/user/app/public. The proper command is this one:

ln -s /home/user/public_html /home/user/app/public

Just make sure that /home/user/app/public isn't a valid directory or file previous enter the command.


How to swap ctrl and alt keys in ubuntu 16.04?

Edit the file /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/ctrl to add the following lines to swap Right Alt with Right Ctrl key:

// Swap the functions of the right Alt key and the right Ctrl key.
partial modifier_keys
xkb_symbols "swap_ralt_rctl" {
    replace key <RALT> { [ Control_R, Control_R ] };
    replace key <RCTL> { [ Alt_R, Meta_R ] };
};

Similarly you can add lines to swap Left Alt with Left Ctrl.
Edit the file /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.lst to dd the following line in the ! option section:

ctrl:swap_ralt_rctl Swap Right Alt key with Right Ctrl key

Edit the file /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev to add the following line in the !option = symbols section:

ctrl:swap_ralt_rctl = +ctrl(swap_ralt_rctl)

Use dconf from dashboard (if necessary install it with apt-get install dconf-tools) and either of the following methods:

Open dconf editor from dashboard and navigate to the key /org/gnome/desktop/input-sources/xkb-options and set its value to:

['ctrl:swap_lalt_lctl','ctrl:swap_ralt_rctl']

Use dconf from terminal (probably the command below should work instead of the previous step, but I am not sure about it):

dconf write "/org/gnome/desktop/input-sources/xkb-options" "['ctrl:swap_lalt_lctl','ctrl:swap_ralt_rctl']"


No ignore-gpu-blacklist at chrome://flags/ (Chrome causing weird flickering)


Others have had the same problem: Why can't I restart/shutdown?

Colin Watson suggests trying different parameters for reboot= in grub.


How To Determine What Is Causing An App To Start At Login

Disabling the Automatically remember running application when logging out option in Startup Applications doesn't cause gnome-session to forget the "remembered" applications. To do this, delete all the files in ~/.config/gnome-session/saved-session:

rm ~/.config/gnome-session/saved-session/*


How to reverse '-proposed' channel package upgrade?

Adapting http://www.webupd8.org/2013/11/how-to-downgrade-proposed-repository.html and https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Testing/EnableProposed, the packages installed from the xenial-proposed repository can be downgraded by doing the following (replace xenialwith the codename of whichever release you are using):

Disable the xenial-proposed repository in software-properties-gtk as you have suggested.
In /etc/apt/preferences.d, create a file named 99-downgrade-proposed.
Copy and paste the following lines into the file:

Package: *
Pin: release a=xenial
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *
Pin: release a=xenial-updates
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *
Pin: release a=xenial-security
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *
Pin: release a=xenial-backports
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *
Pin: release a=xenial-proposed
Pin-Priority: -1

Run sudo apt update followed by sudo apt full-upgrade.
Delete the file by running sudo rm /etc/apt/preferences.d/99-downgrade-proposed.


No internet with wireless after update to 12.04

well I think your wireless drivers may not have installed when you upgraded.

I recommend you find an Ethernet port plug your laptop in and run

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

this should search and install any updates and might grab your wireless drivers.

if not go to your vendors website and try to find the drivers or google the card model and look for drivers. you may have to compile from source and it varies from vendor to vendor so I can't help you there.


Try reinstalling it manually from the .deb file (sudo dpkg -i file.deb). You can either find it in /var/cache/apt/archives or (if your cache has been purged) download it from http://packages.ubuntu.com. Be careful to install the correct version (the same version which is "installed" currently).


How do I install drivers for TP-Link AC1300?

You could build the linux driver from source, but it requires a good amount of linux experience
My repo here:
sudo apt-get install git linux-headers-amd64 build-essential
git clone https://github.com/nyetwurk/linux-wifi-88x2bu-driver
cd linux-wifi-88x2bu-driver
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe 88x2bu

Verified to work with hostapd (AC1300 Archer T4U) 802.11ac
ID 2357:0115 TP-Link 802.11ac NIC


What's the best cheap TV Tuner for Ubuntu?

Any DVB-T tuner will do, as long as you investigate the Linux compatibility before buying. Look into experiences from other Linux users with this device on forums, check the LinuxTV Wiki for details on the current state of support in the Linux kernel of a wide range of recording devices.

Don't bother for MythTV: it is outdated and bug-ridden. I can highly recommend using Tvheadend, a high-quality and versatile solution meant for recording and watching tv.

Use XBMC-PVR as a front-end to this all. You will get all the usual good that XBMC offers, plus a user-friendly, well-integrated live tv section that you connect with Tvheadend.


Ubuntu installation to USB stick removed windows MBR

You got 2 options depending on wether you want to install Ubuntu with Dual-booting, or just reverting to the normal Windows boot.

Restoring normal windows MBR, see this link: https://neosmart.net/wiki/fix-mbr/
Go allmost to the bottom where Windows 8.1 method is found, follow these steps.

Dual-booting with Ubuntu. From inside Windows re-size your windows partition, to make space for Ubuntu, do not format the new unused space, shut windows down!
Plug in your Ubuntu Live Iso, boot this and let it start up, choose to install Ubuntu in the empty space, when asked where to place the Grub loader select /dev/sda.
Ubuntu then finds your Windows and set up the boot-menu.
Hope this helps.


Changing Default programs for a particular file type

What do I do if I can't find the .torrent file?

I would check your downloads folder for the .torrent file. Unless you have changed it--which you would probably remember having done--this is the Downloadsfolder inside your home folder.

A .torrent file is not the same thing as a metalink. Although some BitTorrent programs support pasting in the URL of a .torrent file as though it were a metalink, a .torrent file is an actual file that can be downloaded to your computer and contains the important information about how to download a torrent.

Files you download in a web  browser are usually downloaded to the same location even if they are different types of file (unless you specified different locations at the time you downloaded each one). Thus the .torrent file is probably in the same folder that any other file you download in your web browser would end up in, which is typically your Downloadsfolder.


Emacs-23 does not open its file arg; Double-clicking on file opens blank emacs

I just fixed this by deleting ~/.emacs.d. Apparently if the first time you use emacs on a new machine you are running with sudo, the initialization folder gets created with root permissions so it can't be opened by your non-root user account, and that throws off things like opening the file you asked for.


Just try again. Once I got an error in Wubi and later, after a retry, it just went away. However, it seems that Xubuntu in Wubi might have a NASTY bug; if it does not work the 2nd time just report it.


How to make Ubuntu 18.04 (GNOME) workspace prohibit alt-tab to windows on other workspaces

To ensure that the default task switcher of Gnome Shell (Ubuntu 17.10 and higher) only shows applications of the current workspace, change a setting using the following command:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.app-switcher current-workspace-only true

You can also change this setting with dconf-editor, a graphical tool that allows inspecting and changing a range of settings of any application that uses the gsettings framework.

To reset to the default setting:

gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.app-switcher current-workspace-only


Can't install VMWare Player on Ubuntu 12.10?

You are missing the back tics around the

`uname -r`

The result should look something like linux-headers-3.2.0-38-generic-pae,
Or you could just look at the output of uname -r and type in the result yourself.


According to this bug report TRIM is not supported with the Ubuntu kernel in Ubuntu Lucid (10.04).

All newer versions of Ubuntu come with a kernel which supports TRIM but you will have to manually activate it if you are using the ext4 file system (default).


Execute the following command to install all the requirements mentioned in your post. And then do ./make

sudo apt-get install libtiff4 libtiff4-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev libsdl-ttf2.0-dev libsdl1.2-dev


Overall just running it with sudo then the application name works just as well and displays a log in the terminal you ran it from. Not the same but it works.


How can Audacity help me determine vocal range and voice type?

Audacity has a pitch view.  This screenshot is a little buggy, but you should be able to see that you click on the "Audio Track" menu then the "Pitch (EAC)" option.

That's my technical answer.

However, as a musician, I would say that this is a very inefficient and probably ineffective way to determine someone's range.  I can croak out a low D that software might register as on pitch.  Likewise I can sing notes in an alto's range but their timber and mine will be completely different (I'm a tenor).  Likewise their dynamics at different areas of their vocal ranges will be completely different.

I would highly recommend using a piano or any other musical instrument (heck you could even have the computer generate tones if you don't have access to an instrument) to check pitch (or provide pitches for the vocalist to match) and then use your own ear to make a subjective judgement about the vocalist's range.


Network printer makes noise every time I insert/remove a USB device

I had a similar problem with an Epson network printer. To find out what was causing it, I used netstat to monitor the network connections while inserting a USB device:

sudo netstat -t -u -a -p -c

One connection appeared a few moments after the device was inserted: a UDP connection by colord-sane. This binary is part of colord, a "system service to manage device colour profiles".

Unfortunately, disabling this service (at least on 15.04) is more difficult than it would seem. colord is not started directly by the init system systemd. Instead, dbus starts colord, or is asked to start colord by some other service (at least not the printer service cupsd). One way to prevent this is by renaming the relevant service file:

cd /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/
sudo mv org.freedesktop.ColorManager.service org.freedesktop.ColorManager.service.disabled

I don't know what side-effects this action might have. Another possibility is to uninstall colord completely, using

sudo apt-get remove colord

As I don't really need colour profile functionality on my Ubuntu device, I didn't investigate what exactly colord does to "activate" the printer, or how to teach it not to do so.


Plug-in Ristritto Image Viewer with Mozilla Firefox

I'm very sorry to say but you can not embed this application in Firefox . Neither as a plug-in still in some other way.

Sorry to be the harbinger of bad news. ;)


Keyboard and mouse not working on Ubuntu 18.04.4 after installing CUDA 10.0 with Autoware 1.13.0

I got stuck in the same place while recently updating from CUDA 10.0 to 10.1. The issue is caused by missing Xorg drivers for inputs. I am not sure how this happened. It is possible that when you remove cuda and then follow-up with autoremove it uninstalls some xorg packages.
The solution that worked for me is to reinstall xorg-input package:
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-all

I hope this helps the OP and anyone looking for a solution to this problem.
NOTE: Since your input devices are no longer active it is not possible to install from default UI. However, during boot, you can select Ubuntu (recovery) mode using Advanced boot options in the grub menu. From here one can continue normal boot which allows the installation of required files. Ensure the system is connected to the network.
Hope this helps!


Ubuntu low memory after playing videos from .zip file

Try the folder ~/.cache.

Archive Manager/Totem probably will cache the video files there as Totem and most other media players need to be able to read from the file directly.

Archive Manager does usually place temporary files in beginning with .fr or fr (fr for file-roller probably). File roller also leaves these temporary folders in other places (usually when it is interrupted). Also, for clearing disk space in general you can use baobab to scan for what files and folders are taking up space.

This seems to be a common issue (I have had it occasionally, and answered a similar question a while ago), so I would suggest filing a bug against the file-roller package (here or 'upstream' here -however it may be a issue related to Totem and/or using File Roller with Totem).


Role of dependencies while installing software??

To install VLC player, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/stable-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc

As far as Package Dependencies:

  Programs often use some of the same files as each other. Rather than
  putting these files into each package, a separate package can be
  installed to provide them for all of the programs that need them. So,
  to install a program which needs one of these files, the package
  containing those files must also be installed. When a package depends
  on another in this way, it is known as a package dependency. By
  specifying dependencies, packages can be made smaller and simpler, and
  duplicates of files and programs are mostly removed.

  When you install a program, its dependencies must be installed at the
  same time. Usually, most of the required dependencies will already be
  installed, but a few extras may be needed, too. So, when you install a
  package, don't be surprised if several other packages are installed
  too - these are just dependencies which are needed for your chosen
  package to function properly.1

1Source:Ubuntu Help

If you have  .tar.gz file of VLC and you want to install, you just have to extract the file then compile from source.

tar -jxvf filename.tar.bz2

This will create a folder in the same folder you extracted it, then you will have to compile it

sudo ./configure
sudo make
sudo make install


Broken dependencies after attempting to install ApacheOpenOffice

try to run this command

sudo apt-get -f install

if it does not work try removing java and re-installing it again


"PHP Fatal error: Call to undefined function" triggered by different apps

First of all, this is not really Ubuntu-related, but you are missing some extensions for PHP.

To add this particular extension to your system, issue this command:

sudo apt-get install php5-json

Or even better, to have all the supported extensions installed:

sudo apt-get install php5-*


Unable to locate package perl(Net: & IO::Socket:)

Easy. Use apt-cache and search for perl, then grep for a possible package name, like so.

[simmel]@[mars]$ sudo apt-cache search perl | grep SSL
libio-socket-ssl-perl - Dieses Perl-Modul realisiert eine objektorientierte Schnittstelle zu SSL-Sockets
libcrypt-ssleay-perl - OpenSSL-Unterstützung für LWP

If you use above method you will get more entires, I deleted them, so don't be worried that you see more packages in your terminal, then I posted here.

To install the packages simply do

aptitude install libio-socket-ssl-perl
aptitude install libcrypt-ssleay-perl


Please suggest an application to convert photos to video

You could try Imagination, a lightweight gui slideshow maker. Click here to open it in Software Center.


Try Samba Here is the Official Ubuntu Documentation from start to finish. Also consider this video as a re-enforcement which greatly helped.


letters "A,a" of ouput of commands executed within backstick are being replacing with empty space, Why?

This would happen if your IFS variable got an a in it.
Try the following commands:

$ echo "$IFS"   # Note: the quotes are important.
                # I guess that the output will be “a”, or something that contains “a”.
$ pwd           # I expect that this will work.

$ echo "`pwd`"  # Again, the quotes are important.
                # I expect that this will also give correct output.

IFS is the shell’s list of internal field separators.
Any character that appears in $IFS will be treated as if it were a space
when doing word splitting
of unquoted parameter expansions and command substitution.

There’s no good reason for your IFS variable to have gotten an a in it;
i.e., if that’s what happened, I have no idea why it happened.
If you start a new command window (i.e., xterm or whatever you use)
and the problem goes away,
then it is probably localized to your current command window,
and it probably will not come back.
But, if a new command window has the same problem,
then you should search your ~/.* files
(i.e., ~/.bashrc, ~/.bash_profile, ~/.profile, etc.)
for a command that says IFS=something.


The theme is not compatible with Unity. The window borders won't work properly. Better to use a forked theme of Elementary (none as good as the original, though).


say its completely safe to install a kernel version which are tagged/labled as "unstable" surely this is wrong?

No, it is correct.

A new kernel (tested, untested, stable or unstable) is added to the currently installed kernels and each of them get a separate starting option in the GRUB menu. So if the kernel does not work you reboot and pick another one. All these kernels are kept separate from each other so they do not interfere with another kernel.

The only time you would run into trouble will be when you delete all the kernels except the newly installed one and then try to boot with only that kernel available. Nobody is going to do that, it would fall in the "well you asked for this to happen"-category.


Partitions created in Windows are not showing in Ubuntu

Ubuntu does not support Windows-specific "dynamic" disks. This may be one reason for partitions not showing up on installing Ubuntu or when partitioning a drive from Ubuntu.

  Before we partition a drive on Ubuntu we therefore have to change the partitions type from "dynamic" to "basic".

Obviously this can only be done from Windows (see Window Server Support and Microsoft Technet), e.g. with a partitioning tool (e.g. AOMEI Partition Assistant).


I had this problem until maybe 10 minutes ago. The way I solved this was to get rid of all keyboards layouts on the system except for EN-Dvorak and Pinyin.

This seems to solve the problem since ibus on pinyin mode specifies the default keyboard layout used on the system in "/usr/share/ibus/component/pinyin.xml"

<engine>
...
<layout>default</layout>
...
</engine>

If it can't find anything else other the dvorak then it is the default. I'm going to try adding EN-US back in now and see if it keeps dvorak as the default.


Took me a while to find out, that's why I'm posting it here:

You need to locate a file named config.py. In my case it's at /usr/share/pgadmin4/web/config.py
Now create a file config_local.py (in the same folder) and enter: MASTER_PASSWORD_REQUIRED=False
Restart pgAdmin server.
The prompt should be gone :-)

Some reference about config files: https://www.pgadmin.org/docs/pgadmin4/dev/desktop_deployment.html#configuration
EDIT: It looks like in higher versions (I now have pgAdmin4 4.26) the directory changed to /usr/pgadmin4/web/


Gparted can't resize Ubuntu partition /dev/sda9

You can't resize a partition that is mounted. Thats why there are a key/lock symbol at it.  /dev/sda9 is your root (/) partition.
Boot on a live media and run gparted from there.


Cursor navigation between dual monitors is backwards

Use the free program arandr to arrange your displays how you like them.

From a terminal, Install arandr:

$ sudo apt-get install arandr

run arandr

$ arandr


Try editing /etc/init.d/rc.local and add to the bottom:

sshd &

Then restart the server.


This was fixed by adding the key which was used to sign the local mirror repository to /usr/share/keyrings in the ram image which was used for booting the machine for pxe installations


Installing Linux on Separate Disk From Windows

You "are" not on any drive. To install Linux, for example Ubuntu, on your second drive, you boot your computer from for example a live DVD, instead of starting Windows. That live DVD offers you to install Linux. During the installation you can select which drive you want to install Linux on by selecting the option "something else" when the installer asks you if you want to install "along side windows". If necessary, you can create the appropriate partitions and the like.

Your main drive with Windows should show up as /dev/sda and your extra drive should show up as /dev/sdb but this can change so you will want to verify this to make sure this is the case before you proceed with the installation.

Be aware that if you install Linux on your second drive (or any operating system on any drive, for that matter), all data that's currently on that drive gets overwritten. So you might want to move stuff beforehand.

In the installation process you also set up a boot loader. That boot loader offers you the choice the choice to start Linux or to start Windows every time you start your computer.


Maybe you miss the step to add Kali repositories and update before you go through install by categories. Here's a video on how to install Kali tools on Ubuntu, which worked for me.


command not found when using nvm in fish shell

The nvm README mentions that it does not support fish shell.:

Note: nvm does not support Fish either (see #303). Alternatives exist, which are neither supported nor developed by us:

bass allows you to use utilities written for Bash in fish shell

fast-nvm-fish only works with version numbers (not aliases) but doesn't significantly slow your shell startup

plugin-nvm plugin for Oh My Fish, which makes nvm and its completions available in fish shell

fnm - fisherman-based version manager for fish

I'm using fnm at the moment and it seems to be working fine.


Allow Connections to VNC Server Only From Specific IP Addresses

You could use ufw - the "uncomplicated firewall" that comes with a standard ubuntu install.

sudo ufw allow 22/tcp
sudo ufw allow 5901/tcp from 12.34.56.78
sudo ufw default reject incoming
sudo ufw enable

Which is:

allow ssh connections (otherwise you will lock yourself out)
allow VNC connections from one IP address (edit the port if you don't use 5901)
reject all other incoming connections
enable the firewall

Make sure you allow ssh before enabling the firewall, otherwise you'll be locked out.


Assuming you have permission to use sudo on your desktop, then you have enough permissions to view anything connected to it.

You also, of course, have authority to change the permissions on the disk, if you so desire.  It depends on what you want to do.  If you simply want to access the data, but not use the drive any more, you can mount the drive, then use sudo chown to make yourself the owner, and that will probably fix everything.

This is all basic linux.


First up, you should figure out what python2.7 is actually doing there. Running "ps -ef" should give you a process listing with full commands for each process.

Anyways, I strongly suspect that the server is using all its potential CPU power when it can. Your problems are likely (a) it's underpowered for what you're trying to do, and/or (b) there's another bottleneck (if you're performing operations that are heavy on filesystem I/O, for example, your Western Digital Green drive may simply not be fast enough and may be the bottleneck).


How do you set system display color profiles in Xubuntu and Lubuntu?

This is a good question, as Xubuntu and Lubuntu don't have the same system settings > color menu that the standard Ubuntu has, and installing gnome-color-manager does not allow you to set the profiles in a Xubuntu or Xfce session, as you you can only use that utility properly when running a gnome session, as it depends on gnome-settings-daemon and gnome-control-center. This fact is clear from the useful diagram presented here in this article.

System Tools

However, on Xubuntu and Lubuntu, the colord package is still automatically installed and takes care of color management, and you can access it on the command-line using colormgr. You can query your devices such as printers and scanners by using command-line switches  such as colormgr get-devices, which are delineated at the official site.

However, while colormgr get-devices will list all the automatically color-managed devices on your system, it will not list display devices on xfce.

On xfce, colormgr get-devices-by-kind display will not work and you will not be able to set the icc profile for the display on the command-line, but only by using tools such as xicc or xcalib (see further below). This is explained here by Richard Hughes:

  XFCE has no session component for colord. You need to either run gnome-settings-daemon (which has a color plugin), kded with colord-kde installed, or write something lightweight for XFCE.

  Colord only detects system devices like scanners and webcams, and then CUPS registers printers. It has no access to the session, and relies on a session component to talk to X and register devices.

In a gnome or kde session (which you could be running on Xubuntu) you should be able to use colormgr to enter colormgr get-devices-by-kind display and set the icc profile for the display manually, so for completeness I present this method.

You first have to add your profiles to ~/.local/share/icc and run colormgr get-profiles to list them, and then choose the icc profile, such as

/org/freedesktop/ColorManager/profiles/icc_86894053ff74b24d0c304fc3bd0e9c76

Now add it to the desired device (this time it is the default display) with

colormgr device-add-profile /org/freedesktop/ColorManager/devices/xrandr_default /org/freedesktop/ColorManager/profiles/icc_86894053ff74b24d0c304fc3bd0e9c76

Then you can make it default with

colormgr device-make-profile-default /org/freedesktop/ColorManager/devices/xrandr_default /org/freedesktop/ColorManager/profiles/icc_86894053ff74b24d0c304fc3bd0e9c76

Other useful Utilities

Note: Custom icc profiles should go in /home/$USER/.local/share/icc; the system directory is /usr/share/color/icc.

It is possible to use tools such as xicc or xcalib if you want to setup a specific icc profile on Xubuntu or Lubuntu. All you need do is point either of these tools at your icc profile and place that command in startup:

xicc /location/of/profile

or with xcalib you can specify gamma correction as well using

xcalib -gc 1.8 /location/of/profile

However, as the question below shows, you may need to delay the execution of the command so the system does not override your choice:

How to make xcalib always start up automatically?

Alternatively, you may want to use xicc, as the profiles set with that application are designed to be picked up by certain applications such as Gimp- this is exactly what you refer to in your question, and this program is probably what you were thinking of. To load a profile, just run xicc /location/of/profile; you can specify the display if necessary.

The package notes for xiccexplain that

  This utility lets you set an ICC colour profile for an X display, so that
   applications can use it to display colour calibrated images.  Applications have
   to specifically look for this atom but several applications such as Gimp and
   Krita already do.

Alternatively, you can usually set profiles explicitly in applications such as the Gimp (see screenshot below) and other programs. This may be necessary if you are working with RAW images that may demand a specific colorspace.


Local hostname resolution with local Ubuntu DNS server fails

You have to configure you LAN servers / desktops into your local DNS server. The configuration varies by DNS server and it gets a little more difficult in that you are going to want to assign static IP addresses on your LAN.

Personally on a small LAN I use dnsmasq as I find it easy to configure.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Dnsmasq

http://wiki.debian.org/HowTo/dnsmasq

If you are using BIND see

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BIND9ServerHowto

If you are having a specific problem with a specific server, we need to know what you are using and you need to post configuration information.


If sounds stops randomly, this is certainly a pulseaudio problem: you can remove Pulseaudio and stay without it in the case you have only one sound device (internal sound card and  no bluetooth or other  ) . At least,removing  it temporarily is a good test for your problem.
To remove it:

sudo apt-get purge pulseaudio
sudo apt-get install gnome-alsamixer

Reboot and set the volume with the Gnome Alsa mixer (in the multimedia menu), or alsamixer in a terminal.

If you want to go back to Pulseaudio, look here (from no 4  item):
Audio suddenly stopped, pulseaudio reinstall has not helped? (14.04)


How do I transfer files over ssh after sudo?

You can use something like tar to and pipes to do this (as long as you have tar available on both hosts). For example, to copy root's homedir over to another host:

sudo tar c -C / root | ssh remote_host tar xv -C some/location/to/unpack/into

(assuming gnu tar for -C support, it can be done without it using '()' but it's trickier) and of course, you can do the sudo on the remote end:

tar c -C my_trojan_files . | ssh remote_host sudo tar xv -C /usr/bin

The trick here is that, in both cases, tar is emitting the archive to STDOUT, which is being piped into the command running on the remote host via ssh. You can do this with cpio and dump/restore as well.


Ubuntu Server 18.04.5 Internet not showing up on network

Networking is handled by netplan by default in Ubuntu Server 17.10 and later. I suggest that you remove the existing but not working configuration:
sudo rm /etc/netplan/*.yaml

Next, create a new file:
sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml

Add the following:
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp2s0:
      addresses:
        - 192.168.0.150/24
      gateway4: 192.168.0.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8, 192.168.0.1]

Of course, substitute your exact details here.
Netplan is very specific about spacing and indentation so proofread carefully twice. Save(Ctrl+o) and exit the text editor (Ctrl+x).
Follow with:
sudo netplan generate
sudo netplan apply

You will probably connect immediately. Check:
ip addr show
ping -c3 www.google.com

If you have the requested IP address and you get ping returns, then you are all set and you probably don’t require the net-tools package.


There are not so many people in the world (compared to windows and mac) that are using ubuntu, so there are nearly no malware found for ubuntu. So, no, you dont need it unless you install 100'eds of other applications you dont know what are for and where they come from.

So, again, i never used it, and i never will unless it becomes a problem :P


Ubuntu Server 18.04 SSD cache on software RAID

I've done RAID5 on top of Bcache.

With Bcache you format a backing device (eg. HDD) and a SSD cache with make-bcache. The backing device will show up as /dev/bcacheX and is then treated as a regular block device you add to your array.

If you format the cache and backing device the same time the SSD will automatically be added as the cache. If you do them separately you need to attach the bcache0 device to the cache via the /sysfs interface.

One cache (SSD cache partition) can serve multiple backing devices (eg. HDD).

The there's a page on the Ubuntu wiki with Ubuntu specific steps and also read the kernel docs page.

Note that there's been a performance regression in bcache related to read ahead I/O that's fixed in very recent kernels (after 10th of February 2020), so for some workloads it'll perform much better in 20.04 (or if trying out the latest kernels).


Policy Routing with NetPlan on TUN interfaces

Your tun interface in this case is managed by OpenVPN, not by netplan.  You should manage any routes (including policy routes) for this interface through the OpenVPN configuration, and not try to mix management of it through both OpenVPN and netplan.

As of netplan 0.95, there is support for managing tunnel interfaces, but it is still not recommended to use netplan for an OpenVPN-managed interface.


How to get a theme tab in the Appearance application?

Xfce 4's appearance settings had no Theme tab in it. In fact, it only has 4 tabs you mentioned in the question and it isn't a fault.

Here is a screenshot from my system verifying that, so no need to worry.

If you're asking this so that you can change the theme quickly, you can just try this command line way instead.

xfconf-query  -c xsettings -p /Net/IconThemeName -s theme-name-here


I certainly don't see any partitions that would be large enough for Ubuntu and which Windows doesn't recognize. This is honestly the first time I've seen Windows remove Ubuntu like that.

It should be safe to reinstall. Just format that free space as ext4 in the installer and install to it. That deletion should not happen again. I have a suspicion that TestDisk is the cause.


Is there a database of Linux compatible hardware?

Centralized, I don't think so.

But maybe this one is something you are looking for:

Linux Hardware Compatibility Lists & Linux Drivers

There are some other sites:

Ubuntu Certified hardware
the sticky posts here: Ubuntu Forums: Hardware
Debian Hardware Portal

For laptops:

Linux Laptop Wiki
Linux on Laptops

And an older list:

Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO

And most likely there are compatibility lists on every major distributions' site/forum, and some specialized sites like for TV-tuners:

Hardware device information - LinuxTVWiki


Logitech c920 microphone not working in Ubuntu 18.04

I had this problem recently on Elementary OS 5 (Juno).

The solution was activating a kernel module that shouldn't be inactive in the first place:

modprobe snd_usb_audio

Now, for some reason Digital S/PDIF input still dowsn't work but the regular Microphone input does.

Hope it helps.


Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS takes forever to boot

You may have a problem with an older computer, with an older GPU. Try this...

sudo -H gedit /etc/gdm3/custom.conf # edit this file

change:

    #WaylandEnable=false

to:

    WaylandEnable=false

Save the file and quit gedit. Then reboot.


Why latest version of packages in Synaptic is different from developers website?

On Ubuntu, the major-versions of software included are fixed within a distribution.

Because you usually don't get upGRADES with new functions in a stable distribution (ie Ubuntu 14.10), only upDATES which fix actual problems. Major changes are applied to the next release of the distribution (ie Ubuntu 15.04). So an upgraded version might be coming with the next version of the distribution in use. This applies to most Linux-distributions. They don't want to make sure that you have the most recent software all the time, but that the software is working together perfectly.

Using PPAs for some software is a possible compromise to get more recent software, or you can download the tarball from the developers website and compile yourself.

There are some distibutions using rolling releases - ie Arch Linux - in this case there is no version of the distribution itself. This is nice for enthusiasts and early-adaptors, but using such a distribution you will for sure experience problems with incompatibilities, and you will have to fix some things which probably never were experienced by someone before you, so there will be a point where you are on your own.
You should not use rolling releases in case you need your system for work.

However, even when using a rolling distro, you will still need to wait till the maintainers of the distribution created a package for the package-management in use.

If you REALLY want to have the most recent version of anything, you will need to create your own Linux-from-scratch-system, what means building ANYTHING yourself. But you would not have any spare-time to use your system for the rest of your life if you plan that as you will be recompiling software all the time ;)


I had the same prb when I updated my software.
And the prb was the driver used  Kernel driver in use: snd_soc_skl is not correcte. I found the solution here : https://askubuntu.com/a/1217838/1058039

vim  /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

add in the end of file this line :

options snd-hda-intel dmic_detect=0 in the

blacklist snd_soc_skl driver through balcklist.conf

sudo vim  /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

add in the end of this file this :

blacklist snd_soc_skl


I figured this out. I fixed the issue by editing /etc/compizconfig/config as root and manually changed the backend to gsettings under the general heading. For good measure I also changed the profile to my custom one. Now Compiz starts up and everything works as expected.


Give a specific name to a terminal tab instance

I wrote a function for that once.

setTitle() {
    echo -e "\033]0;$@\007"
}

Alternatively, one could use

 "\033]0;$@\a"

Using that in conjunction with  PROMPT_COMMAND variable in ~/.bashrc or PS1 variable, you can do something like this:

PS1="$PS1$(setTitle $(date) )"

What this does is thatbit adds timestamp to title of the terminal each time you propt redrawing is called. So each of your tabs can have timestamp the last command got executed.

From there, you can add other forms of commands in $() instead of date. Or have  it be called from ~/.bashrc once at the end of the file to only have non changing prompt through the session but unique for each tab.

See also:
How to change the title of the current terminal tab using only the command line


Move images from sub-folders into new sub-folders

You can try using rsync:

rsync -av --include="*/"  --include='*.png' --exclude='*' parent1 parent2

this creates directory parent2 and copies all files with .png extension with subdirectory structure to it.
explanation

-v verbose to see whats copied
-a archive mode (copy subdirectories with same ownership, permissions  etc.)
--include '*/' --include='*.png' include .png ending files  first part is to create subdirectories
--exclude='*' exclude all other files
for more info see rsync man page


Completey reinstall Ubuntu, but keep **some** folders from `/home`

You can reinstall Ubuntu and keep your existing /home directory, by booting a Ubuntu 16.04.1 Live DVD, and choosing Something Else, choosing your existing Ubuntu partition to reinstall into, and unselecting format partition.

Also you can install SystemBack and backup all your ubuntu system or part of it. You choose what you want.

You save it as a .iso file and install it like usually (usb or cd).

Here you could choose what to install on your ubuntu iso. You can add all your applications, session, configurations or just choose your personal data (photos, files,etc).

In terminal:

sudo apt-add-repository --yes ppa:nemh/systemback
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install systemback


Is it possible to run adobe master collection cs6 in ubuntu

Well you have 2 options on doing that.  The first option is using Wine.  Wine allows you to run Windows applications under Ubuntu.

The second option is by using virtual machines.  A virtual machine is a separate and independent software instance that includes a full copy of an operating system and application software.  You can have more that on VM running at the same time depending on your hardware configuration.

You can use VirtualBox, which is free, or VMWare Player, which is also free.  VMWare offers a paid program called VMWare Workstation.


Crash during installation of flashplugin-installer after upgrade

This was caused by the google-talkplugin package. Uninstalled it and the flashplugin-installer worked perfectly. After that I could re-install google-talkplugin.


Postfix Can Send But Cannot Receive Mail, Port 25 is Filtered

Okay so, the network obstacle indeed exists with the ISP. The ports weren't forwarded properly.
Apparently the tech support people that I've dealt with with the support ticket system doesn't actually understand what I'm talking about.
So I've called the ISP and spoken to a tech support personnel who knows what he's doing. Issue was resolved in minutes.


A private server is a server only you access. You can have it at your home or workplace, it can be a dedicated machine locked up someplace else which only you connect to, or it can be a 'virtual' machine, a slice of a PC which someone maintains for you, but only you access that 'slice'.


Why does plymouth-quit-wait.service take me 3 minutes to enter my desktop?

It's a bug in Ubuntu, I need to install haveged or rng-tools to fix it.


Very low sound, even when I raise the volume on a Realtek ALC882

Try using alsamixer to tweak different volume levels.


How do I enable the Nvidia Geforce GTX 570?

Enable the driver using "Additional Drivers" GUI:

The Nvidia driver included in the Ubuntu repositories (version 295.33) should support your graphics card according to Nvidia (see picture below). You may enable the card using "Additional Drivers", also known as jockey, by hitting Alt+
F2 typing gksudo jockey-gtk, entering your password when prompted and then enabling the Nvidia driver using the graphical interface (note that you will need to have your video card physically installed for jockey to detect it and offer the driver).

To learn more about how Ubuntu handles hardware drivers differently from Windows please see this Q&A.  Also please be aware that there is a bug so that System Settings will show Unknown for your graphics card even when it is correctly installed and working--you may safely ignore this (or see this Q&A for the workaround).

(source)

If "Additional Drivers" doesn't work:

If for some reason you require the newest driver or "Additional Drivers"/jockey is not automatically detecting your card/installing your driver you can install it manually by:

downloading the driver from Nvidia here for 64-bit systems and here for 32-bit systems
following the instructions in this post from Ubuntu Forums to install the driver (please note that it is important to follow these instructions carefully as installing the drivers manually requires some special steps)

Hope this helps and welcome to Ubuntu!


Why is it possible to delete the entire file system?

Meet safe-rm, the “wrapper around the rm command to prevent accidental deletions”:

  safe-rm prevents the accidental deletion of important files by
  replacing rm with a wrapper
         which checks the given arguments against a configurable blacklist of files and directories
         which should never be removed.

  Users who attempt to delete one of these protected files or directories will not be able
         to do so and will be shown a warning message instead. (man safe-rm)

If the installation link above doesn’t work for you just use sudo apt install safe-rm instead.
The default configuration already contains the system directories, let’s try rm /* for example:

$ rm /*
safe-rm: skipping /bin
safe-rm: skipping /boot
safe-rm: skipping /dev
safe-rm: skipping /etc
safe-rm: skipping /home
safe-rm: skipping /lib
safe-rm: skipping /proc
safe-rm: skipping /root
safe-rm: skipping /sbin
safe-rm: skipping /sys
safe-rm: skipping /usr
safe-rm: skipping /var
…

As you see, this would prevent you from deleting /home, where I suppose your personal files are stored. However, it does not prevent you from deleting ~ or any of its subdirectories if you try deleting them directly. To add the ~/precious_photos directory just add its absolute path with the tilde resolved to safe-rm’s config file /etc/safe-rm.conf, e.g.:

echo /home/dessert/precious_photos | sudo tee -a /etc/safe-rm.conf

For the cases where you run rm without sudo1 and the -f flag it’s a good idea to add an alias for your shell that makes rm’s -i flag the default. This way rm asks for every file before deleting it:

alias rm='rm -i'

A similarly useful flag is -I, just that it only warns “once before  removing more than three files, or when removing recursively”, which is “less intrusive than -i, while still giving protection against most mistakes”:

alias rm='rm -I'

The general danger of these aliases is that you easily get in the habit of relying on them to save you, which may backfire badly when using a different environment.

1: sudo ignores aliases, one can work around that by defining alias sudo='sudo ' though


apt-get install - - fix-broken killed everything

As you can access a terminal, if you have internet access you can try to install the Ubuntu desktop:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

This should install all the default applications that are present in a fresh install. If that doesn't work you can use dpkg to get the list of the installed software and get the same list on a LiveCD, and install all the missing packages manually. To get the list use:

dpkg --get-selections > package_list.txt

Before trying anything, if you have important data there remember to use a LiveCD and make a backup!!!


Search and Replace from terminal, but with confirmation

How about Vim?

vim '+%s/set/bar/gc' some_file

+ is used to run a command after the file has loaded.
% runs the command over the whole buffer (file).
gc are flags to :substitute, g for acting over all expressions in the line and c for confirming each substitution.

You can't actually prevent Vim from opening up the file, but you can automate saving and exiting:

vim '+bufdo %s/set/bar/gc | up' '+q' some_file another_file

bufdo runs the command over each buffer. This includes the part after |, so changes to each buffer is saved (up).
q quits, which exits Vim since we are now at the last buffer.


Create a script with that command you said at other issue. (I suggest you to store at ~/unmute.sh)

#!/bin/bash
/usr/sbin/alsactl --file /home/<user>/.config/asound.state restore

So you could do this:


Create wine-comaptible desktop files with optional file argument

I found a solution for myself. I created the following script:

#!/bin/bash
if [ "$2" != "" ]
 then
  mode="open"
  DATA="file:///Z:$2"
  DATA=${DATA// /%20}
else
  mode="noopen"
fi
case $1 in
  winword)
    if [ $mode == "open" ]
    then
      /usr/share/playonlinux/playonlinux --run "Microsoft Word 2007" "$DATA"
    else
      /usr/share/playonlinux/playonlinux --run "Microsoft Word 2007"
    fi
  ;;
  excel)
    if [ $mode == "open" ]
    then
      /usr/share/playonlinux/playonlinux --run "Microsoft Excel 2007" "$DATA"
    else
      /usr/share/playonlinux/playonlinux --run "Microsoft Excel 2007"
    fi
  ;;
  pwrpoint)
    if [ $mode == "open" ]
    then
      /usr/share/playonlinux/playonlinux --run "Microsoft Powerpoint 2007" "$DATA"
    else
      /usr/share/playonlinux/playonlinux --run "Microsoft Powerpoint 2007"
    fi
  ;;
  *)
    exit
  ;;
esac

It converts the file name to a URL (file:///Z:/home/sebastian/Documents/test.docx). It also determines whether to supply a second argument or not, so Office won't say File "Z:" not found.

The launchers look like this now: (This one for word)

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Word 2007
GenericName=Word Processor
Comment=PlayOnLinux
Type=Application
Exec=/home/sebastian/.PlayOnLinux//wineprefix/Office2007/MSOfficeExecutor.sh winword %f
Icon=/home/sebastian/.PlayOnLinux//icones/full_size/Word 2007
Categories=Office;


Expand root partition without formatting

No
Yes
Yes

All the above answers are only true if you've booted from the GParted Live CD or the Live Ubuntu CD (with which you've installed Ubuntu)


How to get past black screen with mouse icon while installing on Gateway MX6920?

You should:

MD5 test the .iso image you downloaded and used to make the CD.

If that doesn't check out, you'll have to re-download the Ubuntu .iso and start over with a new CD.
Check the CD for defects, as it may itself be corrupted, physically damaged, or otherwise not properly accessible, even if the image isn't. You should do this on the machine you're trying to install Ubuntu on, as this will also ensure that your CD drive is working.

If this reveals errors, fails, or cannot be selected, write a new CD. If it fails for that, too, make sure you're following a correct procedure for burning the CD, and try burning it as slowly as possible (which can sometimes avoid problems).
Try booting with the nomodeset boot option.

If none of this helps, you should then edit your question to include information about exactly what you did and what happened. Then other suggestions or solutions can be proposed.


On a clean installation of Ubuntu, this should not be possible. This is because Ubuntu by default uses a passwordless root user (i.e. you cannot log in as it directly using normal password-based authentication, such as through the login screen or command-line interface).

However, I suspect that you have changed the password of the root user, in which case I highly recommend that you make it passwordless again (which would disable all forms for password-based login):

sudo usermod -p '!' root

If you use to log in as the root user to do adminastrive tasks, I would urge you to use sudo instead to gain elevated priviliges as a normal user (in the admin  group).

Resources:

sudo(8) manpage for Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick Meerkat
Root/Sudo page in the Community Ubuntu Documentation


From terminal , how make a LIVE USB for all distro's ,not only for Ubuntu?

You can use the famous (and also dangerous) Linux tool dd for this job. But take note that it will completely erase all the contents of USB drive. Also note that you can't get the facility of persistence storage with the Live USB, which means every boot to the Live System will be new.
Using dd
First take note of the device number of your USB drive with the command sudo blkid. Most probably, it will be /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc. Almost all of the time, it cannot be /dev/sda.
Then open a terminal with the Ctrl+Alt+T shortcut and use this command (I'm assuming your USB drive is /dev/sdb).
sudo dd if=/path-to-the-iso-file/filename.iso of=/dev/sdb

The command will run for some time. When you see the prompt $ in your terminal, you're done.
Using cat
You can also use the cat command. Open a terminal and enter the command like below:
sudo cat /path-to-ubuntu-iso/iso-filename.iso > /dev/sdb; sync

Replace the /dev/sdb with your system-specific USB drive number.
Please note that you need to specify the output device as /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc, not /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdc1, etc.
Update for the updated question
Not all distros can be made bootable using the dd method. One such example is OpenSUSE DVD (not the live one). So it is not possible to use dd to make a bootable iso for every Linux distro, but the dd method should work for all live distros.


Probably the package you're looking for is intel-microcode.

sudo apt-get install intel-microcode

Or grab it from http://packages.ubuntu.com/utopic/intel-microcode.


Will Ubuntu OneConf be avaible in 11.04?

Sadly, probably not. Right now even desktopcouch (which OneConf uses) isn't on the CD, and as far as I'm aware no further work has been done on OneConf in quite a while: the last commit to the project was in October 2010, so it's not looking good.

Nevertheless, there is still hope; you can keep track of the state of things better if you subscribe to the natty blueprint that revisits the issue.


system mounts /dev/loop0 on /snap/core/3604 and it's 100% full, where is it coming from?

and it's always 100% full

That is normal. /dev/loopX are virtual devices to mount image files. And they are -read only- so do not get larger or smaller than they are when created.

Those mount points are connected to the snapd service. You will see extra loop devices added for every software you install using "snap". Libreoffice has a snap, VLC has one.

From my system:

rinzwind@schijfwereld:~$ df -H
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
...
/dev/loop0       88M   88M     0 100% /snap/core/3440
/dev/loop2       88M   88M     0 100% /snap/core/3604
/dev/loop1      204M  204M     0 100% /snap/vlc/65
/dev/loop3       88M   88M     0 100% /snap/core/3247
/dev/loop4      121M  121M     0 100% /snap/vlc/4

I have installed VLC from a snap install so I have 2 extra named "vlc". "core" is used for snapd itself. Remove the service and those loop devices disappear with it (sudo apt purge snapd ubuntu-core-launcher squashfs-tools would remove it; but I would leave it as is if I was you).

++++++++++++++++++++++++++
additional info:

maximum@maxipc:~$ systemctl status snap-core-3604.mount

● snap-core-3604.mount - Mount unit for core
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/snap-core-3604.mount; enabled; vendor pre
   Active: active (mounted) since Wed 2017-12-27 15:44:36 EST; 2min 6s ago
    Where: /snap/core/3604
     What: /dev/loop0
  Process: 838 ExecMount=/bin/mount /var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_3604.snap /snap/co

Dec 27 15:44:36 maxipc systemd[1]: Mounting Mount unit for core...
Dec 27 15:44:36 maxipc systemd[1]: Mounted Mount unit for core.


Can't get whole picture on the screen of a new monitor

I think you can adjust this by using the AMD Radeon Catalyst Control Center application. In looking for solutions to a different problem I read a fair amount about "overscan" and "underscan" and by adjusting the "scaling options" you may be able to resolve the issue at 1920x1080. See this link for some info that might be helpful: http://www.justin.my/2011/12/cannot-display-full-screen-using-ati-amd-radeon/


unknown space between the digits after echo command

Here's a quick solution to getting rid of whitespace in your $date_format variable:

date_format=${date_format//[[:space:]]/}
echo "$date_format"


Installed Xubuntu from USB stick now only boots up if USB stick is inserted

When I analized your disks state, I saw you have:

sda---------2000 GB (None OS)
sdb---------2000 GB (None OS)
sdc1--------swap
sdc2--------ext Ubuntu İnstalled
sdd---------4 GB You Live USB

You installed grub to sdc2.
No other OS boot manager at sda.

Why not:

sdc1--------ext Ubuntu
sdc2--------swap

I think I agree with soulsource. Can you check boot order in BIOS settings. Primary Boot Device should be ATA ST380811AS, not ATA ST2000DM001.


Trying to find certain files recursively and change the filename

A glob in an -execdir command won't work, better let find search for the files you want and run rename only on them:

find ./ -type f -name "*.txt" -exec rename -n 's/\.(?=[^.]*\.)//g' {} \;

Turns out your rename expression doesn't work with paths, try this instead:

find ./ -type f -name "*.txt" -exec rename -n 's:\.(?=[^./]*\.)::g' {} \;


Not at all.

As said in ubuntu wiki:

  The Windows-based Ubuntu Installer (Wubi) allows you to install and uninstall Ubuntu from within Microsoft Windows. It lets a Microsoft Windows user try Ubuntu without risking any data loss due to disk formatting or partitioning.

So try it and don't worry.


just run following command in terminal one by one:

sudo apt-get update
sudo update-pciids
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer
sudo reboot

cuted from Installing Broadcom Wireless Drivers


Cannot install Ubuntu 14.04 on new SSD - the ext4 file system creation in partition #1 (0,0,0)(sdd) failed

Try the following:

Download Ubuntu's ISO file again AND create the booteable USB again. I had a case with damaged Ubuntu for no apparent reason and it turned out to be an incomplete ISO (with correct file size).
Please check your motherboard's BIOS and disable the "Secure Boot" feature. Also, make sure the disk mode is set AHCI (not IDE).


I'm unable to add password to newly created user

Use passwd. From man passwd:

DESCRIPTION
       The passwd command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user
       may only change the password for his/her own account, while the
       superuser may change the password for any account.  passwd also changes
       the account or associated password validity period.

To use, run the command passwd. This will attempt to change your password - which you don't want.

So to change another user's password, use passwd username. However, your regular user won't have permission to do this - only root can change another user's password.

As the man page says:

 A normal user may only change the password for his/her own account

and

superuser may change the password for any account.

So finally, you need this command:

sudo passwd username

And you will see this:

$ sudo passwd askubuntu
  [sudo] password for tim:
  Enter new UNIX password:
  Retype new UNIX password:
  passwd: password updated successfully


How can I create a filesystem "view" of a folder that excludes certain files?

rofs-filtered, a FUSE filesystem derived from Read-Only Filesystem, can exclude files using regular expressions:

$ cat rofs-filtered.rc
^/file1$
^/folder1/file1$
^/folder2$
$ rofs-filtered -c /home/ak/sandbox/rofs-filtered.rc /home/ak/sandbox/original-path /home/ak/sandbox/new-path
$ tree {original,new}-path
original-path
├── file1
├── file2
├── file3
├── file4
├── folder1
│   ├── file1
│   └── file2
└── folder2
    ├── file1
    └── file2
new-path
├── file2
├── file3
├── file4
└── folder1
    └── file2

rofs-filtered isn't available in Ubuntu's repositories, but I've started a request to have it added.


Much of the point of re-installing, is that something has gone wrong - so if it kept all your installed programs, it would do nothing. It will however keep your home directory, so you shouldn't lose data - or at least try to..

apt-get does have the facility to do this, package by package: man apt-get:

  --reinstall   Re-install packages that are already installed and at the newest version.

so you could re-install a broken package, or a few, without a whole start from scratch.


Unity Fail after attempted NVIDIA install and removal

This worked for me:

Press Ctrl+Alt+T to open a terminal window.
At the terminal prompt, type ccsm. If the CompizConfig Settings Manager window appears, skip to step nn. If not, continue with step
Type sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager.
Type your password when prompted.
At the next terminal prompt, type ccsm.
In CompizConfig Settings Manager, select the check box for the OpenGL plugin if it isn't already selected.
Click the Ubuntu Unity Plugin item.
Select the Enable Ubuntu Unity Plugin check box, if it isn't already selected.
Exit from the CompizConfig Settings Manager.
Press Ctrl+Alt+Delete. When asked, confirm that you want to log out.

I did a cold reboot at this point. I'm not sure it's necessary, but I'm a bit paranoid.

After this, Unity came up as it's supposed to for me.

I have a 64-bit i3 core CPU and an nVidia GPU; I'm running 64-bit Ubuntu with the nvidia-current driver set, and I've just upgraded to 13.04 (at which point Unity disappeared).

Hope this helps!


Permission denied while installing matlab in ubuntu 12.04

I have MATLAB running on Kubuntu 14.04. The reason you are unable to install it is because I think you are confusing the installation procedures with the downloaded files with the DVD installation procedures in the pdf.

After extracting your Linux installer (which should be "matlab_R2014a_glnxa64" for the latest release for Linux), open a terminal and change your directory to the installation folder, than type ./install.

According to your folder structure, the installer should be in "/home/pawan/Documents/matlab/Matlab_Unix_2012a/ml2012au/"

Try

$ cd /home/pawan/Documents/matlab/Matlab_Unix_2012a/ml2012au/
$ ./install

However, your folder name is "Matlab_Unix_2012a" which tells me you are using both an old version and it is probably the wrong operating system as well. I wouldn't know until you report back. If you are installing via an institution, I suggest getting the latest stable release for Linux. Ubuntu is explicitly mentioned.


How to answer multiple yes/no when using apt-get in ubuntu?

Something like this?

printf "yes\nno\n" | sudo apt-get ...

Obviously, don't use -y, because you provide the answers you want using the piped output from printf.  You also need to know exactly how many answers you have to answer, and the right answer to give.


I tried Ctrl+Alt+ESC and it does not do anything.

My guess is that you did not hit Ctrl+Alt+ESC, but Ctrl+Alt+F1 (ESC and F1 are just next to each other). That takes you to a command line interface. Just hit Ctrl+Alt+F7 to get back to your desktop environment.

By the way: you can access command line interfaces with Ctrl+Alt + either of the following keys: F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6.


It will probably not work, especially if you launch it from within ubuntu.

Correct way to uninstall Ubuntu from a dual boot setup is explained in detail here: How do I remove my Ubuntu partition from Windows 7 and reuse the space?

To quote one of the answers:

You need to first fix your boot manager

boot your system using windows installation cd
go to "repair your system"
use command prompt
type bootrec /fixboot then hit enter
type bootrec /fixmbr then hit enter
exit

This time your system will boot directly into windows after doing this you can delete the partition as mentioned above.

This is the safe way to uninstall Ubuntu.


I dropped my laptop. SMART says there are bad sectors. Can I fix this?

Check the badblocks command from the Linux command line. Refer to the man page for detailed information: man badblocks.

As an example, I run /sbin/badblocks /dev/sda on a monthly basis to find problems. I never had to use this tool to actually fix bad sectors, thats why I have to point you to the man page.

BTW: You cannot fix the NTFS filesystem from Linux, you need Windows for that. Yuo can however check the disk for bad blocks as described and it can do some relocation of bad sectors (which doesn't affect the filesystem).


You need to install setuptools for Python3:

sudo apt-get install python3-setuptools


login with root user using

 su - root

then run command

usermod -a -G sudo username

or

run command visudo
and paste

username ALL=(ALL) ALL

if still you face problem then run command

 mount -o rw,remount /

and try again above method

also, you are saying. you able to run command

sudo adduser chauhan sudo

then you can do this way also

su - chauhan
sudo usermod -a -G sudo username


Gnome disk tool for HDD or SSD image creation & restore

Gnome Disks includes the option Create Disk Image. This does just that: make a file of all numerical data on the disk. This includes all partitions on the disk.

You intend to use a "bootable Linux USB". It does not work this way. You restore the image to a disk, which can be an USB disk. Its contents will be fully overwritten by the disk image, so whether you use a "bootable Linux USB" or any other USB drive with sufficient capacity does not matter.


Playing audio stops in Unity when I switch user

Running PulseAudio system-wide

With running PulseAudio in system-wide mode any audio that an authorized user started will play in the background as long as this user is logged in.

Before you proceed please read the following on why usually running system-wide is not a good idea:

What is wrong with system mode?

Nevertheless we can do that if we want to. Only authorized accounts will  then be able to control volume or start another instance of sound output.

Preparing the system for running Pulseaudio in system-wide mode

Note down all changes you had made to be able to revert them in case you don't like the outcome (I tested all this in a virtual machine).

Disable autospawn of pulseaudio for the user that will control audio

echo autospawn = no > $HOME/.config/pulse/client.conf

This prevents auto-spawning of pulseaudio for the given $HOME accounts. Settings here will override the system-wide settings in /etc/pulse which of course can be made alternatively.
Stop a running instance of pulseaudio in user mode

pulseaudio -k

Prepare users and groups needed (in case they do not yet exist)

sudo addgroup --system pulse
sudo adduser --system --ingroup pulse --home /var/run/pulse pulse
sudo addgroup --system pulse-access
sudo adduser pulse audio

Allow user(s) to access the system wide PulseAudio

sudo adduser <username> pulse-access

Only users added to pulse-access will be able to control volume of a playing audio.

Start pulseaudio in system-wide mode

sudo pulseaudio --system

Source and further reading: Running PulseAudio as System-Wide Daemon


Kernel PPA

The Ubuntu Kernel team have a PPA which they maintain with the latest version of the kernel for Natty - having just checked, the current version in the repo is 2.6.39-0.5

Mainline Builds

If you want to test more vanilla Kernel Builds then the kernel team also do nightly builds as well as builds for each release candidate.

For example - the new v3 kernel builds are available - these are tagged as -oneric.  Obviously these builds are specifically been built for the next version of ubuntu in mind.  Also, if you install them, you'll need to keep up-to-date yourself.

Change info for Kernel 2.6.39

However - there is little point in upgrading a kernel unless you are having serious issues with you current official Natty kernel.  What do you expect to gain?

Is it "safe and stable" - arguable terms.  Linus T calls it stable.  There are many thousands of users using 2.6.38 in Natty and many of the latest distros.

Linus produces a change-log for each kernel release.  In my mind, this is a bit deep for me.  There are a few sites, such as this, that explains what new changes are available a bit more clearly.


Steam won't run nor uninstall (Ubuntu 16.10)

Have you tried the solution found here - post #6:
https://forum.manjaro.org/t/cannot-start-steam/1677

find ~/.steam/root/ -name "libgpg-error.so*" -print -delete


Generally Windows software does not work on Ubuntu. You can try installing and running Babylon with Wine but the experience will be a different one.

Also here are some links from a quick google search (next time try it yourself):

http://www.daniweb.com/hardware-and-software/linux-and-unix/threads/96152/howto-using-babylon-dictionary-glossary-in-ubuntu

http://blog.shevin.info/2007/04/how-to-implement-babylon-dictionaries.html

http://lgjsheron.wordpress.com/2010/03/08/install-babylon-dictionary-glossary-in-ubuntu/

http://www.ehow.com/how_12120359_download-babylon-using-ubuntu.html


Need to install specific version of LAMP prerequisites on Ubuntu 14.04 desktop LTS

To install the latest Apache version, simly run these commands on Terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apache2

To use the PHP and MySQL versions you mentioned, you simply need to install them following this general rule:

apt-get install <package name>=<version>

But before doing that, I seriously do not understand why you need to use old software: new software versions are there not for fun but mainly for fixing security vulnerabilities (of which PHP is famous).

Finally, I prefer to quote from here:

  Unless you do a full recompile from sources on the 14.04 platform, I'd
  recommend NOT installing any pre-packaged version of an older PHP
  version on a later OS. The reason is that there are many
  incompatibilities between major releases and you'll be UNpleasently
  surprised when things do not work.


Network connection not prompting for password

You have not got gnome-keyring installed.

Correct this with

sudo apt-get install gnome-keyring

sudo apt-get update


How can I access my Google Drive via the command line with Gnome Online Accounts?

First, you need to mount the remote filesystem, which can be done by clicking on your email in Gnome's file explorer. You can use the gvfs commands Tony mentioned (now deprecated as they moved into gio) to interact with the mounted Google Drive filesystem.
If you try to open the folder from the file explorer in your terminal, you will notice that the working directory is /run/user/... and all the filenames and directory names are unreadable. I do not advise trying to manipulate the files through this path. Instead, the files can be accessed and manipulated through gio via readable URLs once it is mounted; for example
google-drive://your_email@gmail.com/Directory%20One/File%20one.png
Some useful commands:

gio list [file_url] -ud: like ls, shows the full readable urls for the directory or glob within your Google Drive
gio copy [source local filepath or Google Drive file url] [destination local filepath or Google Drive file url]: like cp, and can be used to move files between your Google Drive and your disk.
gio open [file_url]: opens the file from your Google Drive in the default application

Note that accessing them either through the file explorer or this method is done just in time over the network rather than downloading your whole Google Drive to your disk. Because of this, repetitively accessing files can be slow.
It may be useful to:

temporarily gio copy the files in question that you want to diff
compare them locally
make any necessary changes to either drive through gio
remove the temporary files


How to increase storage memory in my system(14.04)(installed alongside Windows 7)?

In Windows go to the Disk Management Utility and shrink the disk.
Then boot either a live gparted or a live Ubuntu and start gparted.
You can then add the unallocated space to the Ubuntu partition.


I set these environment variables and it works for me.

export OS_AUTH_URL=http://192.168.171.131:5000/v2.0/
export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin
export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=nomoresecrete


Is there any way to search the Help screen in nano?

This has recently been added in nano 2.8.2 - from the changelog:

  2017 May 4

  GNU nano 2.8.2 "Krats" adds another new feature: it makes the ^G help
  texts searchable with ^W.

Both Ctrl+W (Where Is) and Alt+W (WhereIs Next) work.  It puts a flashing cursor on the screen at the found text.


How to change font size when printing from Firefox?

Ctrl + P - Go to Page Setup - Scale.

Change scale from 100% to something less, for example 50%.


I've found decision by installing ubuntu-desktop. I'll be grateful, if somebody explain me, how can I lose this package after booting from live usb.

P.S. Sorry for that question, I didn't try to solve the problem enough before I post it


Running a specific script with double click

Create a .desktop file, its about-like a windows .lnk

Create the file on the desktop
And paste the following text in the desktop file
nano $(xdg-user-dir DESKTOP)/mylauncher.desktop

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Exec='/path/to/your/script.sh'
Name=Give it a Name
Comment=Why not add some comment
Icon=/path/to/an/icon/for/the/launcher.svg

Make the .desktop file executable
chmod +x $(xdg-user-dir DESKTOP)/mylauncher.desktop

You can find icons under /usr/share/icons/


FAIL: bootable Ubuntu USB on Windows 8.1 laptop

Sounds to me like that laptop doesn't support USB booting.  I've had several computers that wouldn't take a USB drive to boot off of directly.  You had to set up a bootloader on an internal drive which pointed at the external drive.  You might try burning a DVD and using that, or possibly, if you're looking for a long term install, repartition the hard drive. There are tools to do that in Windows 8.


Reset keyboard shortcut for changing language

Solved by installing Tweaks.
In Keyboard and mouse > Additional layout options > switching to another layout - I unchecked the custom Ctrl + Shift setting.
No restart needed.


flvmeta is a command line tool available for Windows, Mac and Linux that can add metadata (in the form of a string) to flv files

Basic usage:

flvmeta --add=NAME=VALUE inputfile.flv outputfile.flv

(replace NAME and VALUE with your values)

You can check whether the metadata has been added by running

flvmeta -m outputfile.flv

Please note that flvmeta 1.1.0 at least is needed for this to work, while the version packaged for Ubuntu 13.04 is an old release, v1.0.11.


Have been running Ubuntu 11.04 on a brand new Lenovo Edge laptop for a few days now, and I am totally satisfied with everything except for dual monitor support.

It worked great yesterday when I first hooked up my second monitor, but today, after booting with the same monitor still connected, I ran into problems after opening both pidgin and Thunderbird.  The program panes would disappear when I tried to drag or re-size them and eventually I couldn't get them back even with the workspace switcher.  I played with dual monitor settings a bit, and then had both screens go left even when they had Normal selected.  This was easy enough to fix, but I actually had to unplug the second monitor on order to regain control of my program panes.

After arranging my panes to my liking, I plugged the second monitor back in and this time it was black except for the top status bar.  Back into the settings and things got worse.  I rebooted with the second monitor unplugged, and when I plugged it back in things were wonky again.  I'd really like to just reset the factory dual monitor configuration so I can get it working again like it was yesterday.  I think that if I boot with the factory configuration and then plug in the second monitor I should be fine, although that would be a slightly annoying workaround, and I can't see how to restore the factory dual monitor config.


This has nothing to do with stdin/stdout. || means or.
First the left command is executed. If the return code is >0 (if status is ok) right side does not need to be executed as 1 or anything is 1. If status returns 0, then right side is executed.


Ubuntu keyboard and mouse suddenly stopped working

If you can type on the login screen, then there should be a way to workable shell.
This article has more on it.
From the description of the error, I would doublecheck for hardware problems, like e.g. a dying SSD. I would look for I/O errors in system logs.
If there are indeed signs of significant disk problems, then, before anything else, I would backup all important documents/files/etc from the disk, while being booted from a live USB.
After important files are backed up, I would also consider a filesystem check and possibly repair with fsck (on the unmounted / partition), again, from a live USB.
Then, regarding the keyboard / mouse:
Recently I have seen a few places that recommended
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-all
or
sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-input-all
read these: Keyboard and mouse unresponsive after suspend,
and the aforementioned article.
I have no personal experience with this procedure, just offering for consideration.
Finally, regarding "rebooted computer holding Power button", I recommend googling and learning how to reboot with the "REISUB" method. It's not always effective, but when it is, it's nicer on the (file)system.


Why did Ubuntu change the network configuration

From the Ubuntu Wiki page on Migrating to Netplan:

Rationale
Netplan has been implemented to support simple, declarative
representation of complex network configurations, as well as address
some current limitations of ifupdown. Netplan provides a simple and
elegant yaml configuration format with support for multiple backend
providers.
Some of the shortcomings of ifupdown covered by netplan:

ifupdown cannot represent all configs with a purely declarative syntax; therefore we can not parse the config

all netplan config is purely declarative.

ifupdown can only represent interfaces by name, so it is not portable across devices
netplan uses matching by name, MAC address, driver, etc.
race conditions in complex configs
netplan has the context of hierarchy in the definition of the interfaces, such that this information is carried over to the renderer
used and applied in the right ordering.

Given increasing demand for complex networking scenarios (large cloud
uses often require complex layering of different features, such as
bridges over bonds over VLANs, etc.), it has shown to be important to
improve the ease of representing the network config.

Like a lot of changes to something better but incompatible, there will be some pain for a future gain.
If you still need /etc/network/interfaces, you can use it. From the Ubuntu Wiki page on Netplan:

I really do need ifupdown, can I still use it?
If you run into a case where you do need to use ifupdown instead of
netplan, we would really like to know about it, so you should file
a bug in Launchpad.
While we don't recommend doing so, you can remove the package named netplan.io with ifupdown after install, and fill in
/etc/network/interfaces manually to configure your network the way
you want it.

As we all know, to configure the network, we can edit
/etc/network/interfaces and execute /etc/init.d/networking restart.

As we all know, that used to badly break the desktop.


It is sufficient to run

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntukylin-desktop

The metapackage ubuntukylin-desktop provides all the standard apps for Kylin desktop, although in the past releases there were a few packages missing ( for instance, on my 16.04 system wechat webapp was only in the installation from an actual iso images, and WPS office had to be  installed manually )


Everytime I close firefox the mozilla crach reporter pops up

Disable all your Firefox extensions and check if that stops Firefox from crashing. Then enable your extensions one by one until you find the Firefox extension that is causing the problem. Then check the settings for that extension to see if changing the extension's settings can prevent Firefox from crashing. Sometimes you don't to need to remove the extension, just click the Preferences button (Tools -> Add-ons -> Extensions -> click the extension's Preferences button) and change the settings.

In addition to the aforementioned, there are some Firefox extensions that have settings that can be accessed through the Firefox menubar (Tools -> ...). If you encounter one of these, leave a comment in case anyone else has had a Firefox crashing problem with that extension.


Does the Compiz Cube plugin work with Unity?

This is currently by design as the plugin requires the wall as part of the switching experience.

The cube is not officially supported but you can work around it if you're willing to keep both pieces if it breaks:

How do I enable the 3D Cube so I can use it in Unity?


How to get permissions to a folder in an installation process?

If you know the path of the folder, say /home/test_folder, then all you do is:

sudo chmod -R 775 /home/test_folder

And you get full read and write permissions!

EDIT: the -R ensures recursive permission changes so be careful not to run this command on a folder that is high up on your system (as this could make EVERY folder read/write-able, prone to security issues).


Eclipse "clean" reinstall unable to update

Just figured this out; the problem is that you need to run Eclipse as root, because Eclipse needs to write in the install directory to update. An alternative (which i did) is to chown  all files in the eclipse install directory to your user.

/Mike


Is default home directory encryption with automount secure enough?

You must provide your password during login to decrypt the home folder.

The password is not stored by Ubuntu in /etc/shadow. What you find there is only a hash of the password plus a short salt. When you log in, the password you entered gets hashed and then the hashes are compared.

It is not possible to retrieve the original password from that hash, except through trying all possible combinations until one matches.

So as long as you keep your password private and it is secure (long and complex) enough to withstand a brute-force (or dictionary) attack longer than the attention span of the attacker lasts, your encrypted home directory is safe.

To ecryptfs, it does not matter what hash is in the shadow file. It takes the password entered by the user at login and tries to decrypt the home folder with that. If it is the correct password, the decryption succeeds, if not, it will fail. By modifying the shadow file (or simply booting into a rescue mode root shell and resetting the account password), only the login password changes.

Encryption doesn't work by comparing hashes and deciding to let someone in or not, it works by doing lots and lots of maths using the password and the encrypted data on disk to get back the original data.


Krusader automatically opens newly created text files

Krusader settings

Krusader > Settings > Configure Krusader > General -> Viewer/Editor tab and add your favorite.


Go to the Ubuntu download page, select 32-bit, hit download. Mount to USB or burn to DVD and install.


extracting RAR files on Ubuntu 20.10,Ubuntu LTS also on Fedora 33 not working

You need to install the unrar package:
sudo apt install unrar


I also experienced some non-starting incidents.
You could try removing all the configuration stuff, which is stored in the folders /home/youruser/.config/banshee-1, /home/youruser/.gconf/apps/banshee-1

Once I removed them, banshee started without problems.
However, I had to configure again some plugins like lastfm.


You can also read the source of free's information, /proc/meminfo:

~ head /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        4039168 kB
MemFree:         2567392 kB
MemAvailable:    3169436 kB
Buffers:           81756 kB
Cached:           712808 kB
SwapCached:            0 kB
Active:           835276 kB
Inactive:         457436 kB
Active(anon):     499080 kB
Inactive(anon):    17968 kB

In Python, for example:

with open('/proc/meminfo') as file:
    for line in file:
        if 'MemFree' in line:
            free_mem_in_kb = line.split()[1]
            break

will get you the free memory in KB in the free_mem_in_kb variable. With something similar for total memory, you can subtract the values (or add up buffers, cached, etc.).

You could also create a dictionary of the values in the file:

from collections import namedtuple
MemInfoEntry = namedtuple('MemInfoEntry', ['value', 'unit'])

meminfo = {}
with open('/proc/meminfo') as file:
    for line in file:
        key, value, *unit = line.strip().split()
        meminfo[key.rstrip(':')] = MemInfoEntry(value, unit)

Then retrieve the values with meminfo['MemAvailable'].value, for example.


Is there a program like Fedy but for Ubuntu?

Try the Software-Boutique, which comes default with Ubuntu-MATE, but can be installed & run from any *Ubuntu.

If the selected software requires a PPA be added, the Boutique adds it for you.

https://snapcraft.io/software-boutique

It doesn't list every piece of software, trying to limit itself to the 'best' (or top-of-class) for each category.

To install (snap) on my 18.04 laptop, I needed to use

sudo snap install ubuntu-mate-welcome --classic
sudo snap install software-boutique  --classic

and it was run with ubuntu-mate-welcome --boutique

but I suggest giving the snap version a miss if using a limited resource machine, it was painful on this dual core machine with only 2gb ram, I've had no issues using non-snap version


Partition errors in Windows 8 after running Ubuntu 13.04

You need to disable the "fast startup" feature in Windows, as described on this Windows site (among many others). The "fast boot" feature in the firmware is relatively unimportant. The Windows "fast startup" feature, though, turns the shutdown process into a suspend-to-disk operation. When this is done, filesystems are not properly shut down, so when a filesystem is accessed in Linux, damage can result.


Trying to do an Ubuntu/Windows dual install but only Windows 7 pops up

Depending on the cause of your problem, updating or reinstalling the GRUB bootloader may be sufficient to fix it. One way to attempt that is to follow these the steps below.

Determine your normal system partition:

sudo fdisk -l

Look for the / partition.
If the partition is /dev/sda2, mount the partition:

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

You may need to change /dev/sda2 to a different partition, depending on what you discovered in the first step.
Bind-mount some other necessary stuff:

for i in /sys /proc /run /dev; do sudo mount --bind "$i" "/mnt$i"; done

chroot into your Ubuntu install:

sudo chroot /mnt

Now you're running your install in root and not the live CD so you can run:

update-grub

If you face errors, you might have to re-install GRUB

grub-install /dev/sda
update-grub

Usually this is /dev/sda, but if your system is installed on a different physical disk (as revealed in the first step), you may need to change this accordingly to say /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, etc.
Hopefully everything works. Run these commands to exit the chroot and reboot the system:

exit
sudo reboot

For other ways to repair GRUB and further explanation, see RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows and Grub2/Installing → Fixing a Broken System.


Ubuntu 14.04 Login screen password always incorrect

I had this exact issue. The password worked in terminal, but not in LightDM.  I could login as other users, just not the one I wanted.  I even changed the password from a different user and also in recovery mode.  LightDM didn't give a password incorrect notice, there was just a graphical glitch.

I don't have a fix for LightDM, but this works for me as a work-around, I set GDM as default display manager - GDM is not having any login issues:

Install GDM.

sudo apt-get install gdm

It will ask you which display manager to set it as Default, select GDM.
If it is already installed. Run reconfigure.

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm

Reference: How To Switch Between GDM And LightDM In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip]


cheap cables do not fully implement all connections to 15 pins
see this http://forums.macrumors.com/showpost.php?p=12530493&postcount=16


Pressing the hyphen key twice doesn't get me two hyphens

It could also be an accessibility feature.
Open the Settings app, and find in the sidebar, near the bottom, the Universal Access item.
Look through what is enabled.
A good candidate for this feature is Typing Assist. When clicked, it opens a dialog, in which you will find Bounce keys. By the description, it might be the one that impacts your experience.


You might try ps aux | grep processName which gives the following

User    pid  0.6  0.1 929660  9756 ?        Rl   12:40   4:31 conky
User    pid  0.0  0.0   9124  1008 pts/1    S+   23:27   0:00 grep --color=auto conky

then you can issue sudo kill -9 pid

However processes not closing properyly may be more of an issues than just wanting to kill them. What is the output of journalctl -f when closing a process?

Edit: Do not however frivolously kill processes however this is not always a good idea, as you may (like I have many times) kill the wrong process and not realize it


Ubuntu 16.04 stuck on shutdown/reboot with "recovering journal" line

I've managed with this issue, but still have some little problem.
I edited /etc/default/grub added pci=nomsi param to bootparams line like that: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pci=nomsi" and laptop now reboots and loads fine, BUT only if 'Nvidia card' enabled in 'Nvidia settings'. If I switch it to 'IntelHD' (IntelHD530 in my case) laptop still stucks on shutdown and goes to login loop if I try to relogin. It doesn't rather disturb me but IntelHD provides more smooth interface performance and less battery consumption than Nvidia card does :( What have I do? Are the latest nvidia drivers provide smoothness or not? Or maybe there's more simple solution to make IntelHD working fine too?


Internal mic of Lenovo Ideapad s210 not working

I have same problem.

I can get the mic to work in audacity if I select hw:0,0 as mic input.

But, I cannot get it to stay as default.

It seems the problem comes down to both mic inputs (internal mic & headset input on side) being detected, but only one being able to be seen by gnome.

I could not get it set permanently, no matter what I tried. I tried using pacmd, but to no avail.

I have seen it working in Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS, when a colleague installed it on the S210. And in that case 2 mics were listed in the sound setting.

If you plug in a headset with a mic, you'll see that it works, cause that's what it's set to.

Oddly, if I launch pavucontrol, and set it to microphone, it will work while it is open. But it won't stick.


Problem installing Broadcom BCM43142 on HP Pavilion 15-p073TX NB PC

You need to download from http://packages.ubuntu.com/utopic/amd64/bcmwl-kernel-source/download and install, the version you have doesn't have the needed patches to work with the 3.16 kernel


Reboot Cycle with Ubuntu Server 10.04.02 on Install

Figured it out.  The hardware RAID card I have in the system doesn't have pre-loaded drivers for the card, i'll have to load them manually.

It'll be tricky, but I'll sort it out eventually.


Steam Install Error on 14.04 Ubuntu 64bit

This is what actually works for 14.04:
sudo apt-get install libc6:i386
sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-trusty:i386

Proof:

Hope this helps others.


Where does the Guest Session store its configuration files

In /tmp/guest-[xxxxxx], where the x's are a string of letters and numbers. That folder contains all the normal home folders for a user.

The guest account is managed by lightdm through /usr/sbin/guest-account, which is a shell script. After setting up the guest account, the script will run a preferences script if it exists: /etc/guest-session/prefs.sh

A convenience set of scripts to make this process easier, along with some explanation of how to use them, can be found at CustomizeGuestSession.

The basic settings you can change are:

Firefox preference settings
Disabling the login-sound
gettexted strings
Set a Folder for storing files permanently
Show an Info dialog at startup
Set an Icon on the desktop
Set the guest account language and keyboard

I haven't tested everything, but after using it a few times things seems to work well and seem easy to modify. I figured changing the language had the most potential for bugs, but I set the guest language to Chinese and it worked great.

Some things need to be added, such as changing the background.

There are two main files prefs.sh, which runs as root and then calls auto.sh, which runs as the guest user, as it finishes.

Features can be added to either file as appropriate. To change the wallpaper I added the following line to auto.sh.

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "file:///usr/share/backgrounds/Leftover_by_Sagar_jain.jpg"

Launcher icon size was a little trickier since it is a relocatable schema and DConf Editor says it has No schema, but the command is:

gesettings set org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ icon-size 32

Thanks to @dobey for an explanation of using relocatable schemas.

The original scripts were posted on the Ubuntu Forums by Gunnar Hjalmarsson.


apt-get not recognizing downloaded archives

Ubuntu 13.04 and Ubuntu 13.10 have different versions of the Gimp and other packages. The versions the system knows about, as listed in its APT sources, are not the same ones you have in /var/cache/apt/archives. So it tries downloading the ones it needs.

Using apt-cache policy (e.g., "apt-cache policy gimp") can often shed light on this sort of issue. Or go to http://packages.ubuntu.com/ and enter a package name, to see which package versions are in which versions of the OS.


How to install many font files quickly and easily?

Just create a .fonts folder in your home directory (if it doesn't exist) and unpack/copy them there.

It's also a good idea to manually rebuild the font cache, so you can immediately use the fonts everywhere:

fc-cache -f -v

For more details see also https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Fonts


Sagem 802.11g Cardbus (Wpcb-165g(R)) driver

After reading this and this, looks like all you need is the b43-legacy driver. Do so by running sudo apt-get install firmware-b43legacy-installer. If you do lspci, you should see your wireless adapter with the vid/pid: 14e4:0018. If that fails, consider ndiswrapper if you have the windows driver on disc, because finding it online may be extremely difficult.