Built in dell keyboard backlights not working

I think the /sys/class/backlight directory is for the display backlight, not the keyboard backlight.

I don't have an e4310, but in case it helps, on my xps 9560 using kernel 4.15.3, the keyboard backlight controls are in /sys/class/leds/dell::kbd_backlight. In particular the /sys/class/leds/dell::kbd_backlight/start_triggers file should contain "+keyboard +touchpad". My keyboard backlight wasn't coming on, and it turned out that the start_triggers file contained "-keyboard -touchpad". The minus sign indicates that the relevant device is disabled.

There is more info about the various other files in this directory at https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm/+/78d425677217b655ed36c492a070b5002832fc73%5E1..78d425677217b655ed36c492a070b5002832fc73/


12.10 uses CUPS!!

Try this on your browser http://127.0.0.1:631/printers/, there you will see your printer queue name to use on window$ network shared printer (a string without spaces, and remove any tcp/ip ports on window$ that have the same name that you may have misscreated or it will conflict/misbehave).

Try this while setting up a new shared printer on windows http://YourHostIP:631/printers/TheQueueName. I dont have another linux on my home so I dont have info for linux to linux.

Also make it sure the port 631 is allowed on your firewall on linux.

If you need more tips, say so.


I found the chromoting viewer in my chromium addons is that supposed to be there on a default install?

Yes, it is supposed to be there. Expanding the Details shows that it's meant to be used to access other computers that have been shared with you. Note that to use this, you need to first install the Chrome Remote Desktop app.


I turned off system setting>security&privacy>files&applications>Record file and application usage switch.
My mouse seems to moves smoothly after I turn it off. If it did not work for you, I think something like that must be the reason.


I found what I was missing... In order to run the game one only needs to run and X session specifying the location of the game executable.

In my case:

sudo xinit ~/game/game.x86_64

Hope this helps someone with the same problem.

Apparently, the only things Unity3d requires in order for a game to be runt in ubuntu minimal is:

gtk
x server


Linux File Names converted to blank rect after running sudo fc-cache -f -v

If you don't have permissions to the folder, use sudo to elevate your permissions and give you access to the directory where you get permission denied errors.

If the [font] files were added in a home directory; I'd just remove them.

Please note I'd not try and do it in the difficult-to-read gui, instead logout [of gui] and but switch to terminal (ctrl+alt+F4 etc), re-run fc-cache (rebuild font info cache index), then re-login into gui. I would expect gui to look normal at this login :)

Please note Ubuntu 18.10 is now EOL & off-topic on this site because of EOL status. You should release-upgrade to 19.04 ASAP


How to mount.cifs for writing in home network

I use

sudo mount -t cifs -o credentials=/root/.credentials,uid=myusernameonclient,gid=users //IP_address_share /home/myusername/mountpoint

I think this: uid=myusernameonclient,gid=users is what you will need to change.
The .credential file includes

username=myusernameOntheserver
password=mypasswordtoaccesstheshare
domain=thedomainname

You will not need that, if you access the share without credentials.


Can't install VLC. Package dependencies cannot be resolved

Maybe you have duplicate repository. I suggest you to do this command

sudo apt-get install -f

Then be sure VLC is fully uninstalled

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get purge vlc
sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/vlc

And reinstall it

sudo apt-get install vlc

I hope it helped.


How to install Microsoft fonts on Ubuntu 16.10?

The fonts are no longer located at http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/ and that's why you're getting a 404 error. They are now at https://sourceforge.net/projects/corefonts/files/the%20fonts/final/.

edit: You could probably download the fonts you need at the new directory that I list, and then uncompress the .exe files to get the fonts, and then move the fonts into the ~/.fonts folder.

If you don't have a .fonts directory, create one by typing mkdir ~/.fonts from the terminal application.

You can also find all the Ubuntu-compatible fonts that your heart desires at http://fonts.google.com.

Download the font(s) you like, uncompress them, and move them into the .fonts folder in your home directory.


I am also using Ubuntu 13.04, with all the current updates, and my Logitech wired mouse started acting up a week or so ago. Today it has been really jerky, and then shuts off entirely. I have to unplug and replug, and then it works for a while until it starts being jerky again.

Here is more information which may lead to an answer:

The syslog has a number of entries about something called "mtp-probe".

Sep 29 19:43:57 JW-PC mtp-probe: checking bus 3, device 3: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-1"
Sep 29 19:43:57 JW-PC mtp-probe: bus: 3, device: 3 was not an MTP device
Sep 29 20:11:41 JW-PC kernel: [103777.483989] usb 3-1: USB disconnect, device number 3
Sep 29 20:11:41 JW-PC kernel: [103777.731953] usb 3-1: new low-speed USB device number 4 using uhci_hcd
Sep 29 20:11:41 JW-PC kernel: [103777.908125] usb 3-1: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=c01d
Sep 29 20:11:41 JW-PC kernel: [103777.908130] usb 3-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
Sep 29 20:11:41 JW-PC kernel: [103777.908134] usb 3-1: Product: USB-PS/2 Optical Mouse
Sep 29 20:11:41 JW-PC kernel: [103777.908137] usb 3-1: Manufacturer: Logitech
Sep 29 20:11:41 JW-PC kernel: [103777.927297] input: Logitech USB-PS/2 Optical Mouse as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-1/3-1:1.0/input/input86
Sep 29 20:11:41 JW-PC kernel: [103777.927535] hid-generic 0003:046D:C01D.004B: input,hidraw0: USB HID v1.10 Mouse [Logitech USB-PS/2 Optical Mouse] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-1/input0

Sep 29 20:11:41 JW-PC mtp-probe: checking bus 3, device 4: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-1"
Sep 29 20:11:41 JW-PC mtp-probe: bus: 3, device: 4 was not an MTP device
Sep 29 20:14:46 JW-PC kernel: [103962.429459] usb 3-1: USB disconnect, device number 4
Sep 29 20:14:46 JW-PC kernel: [103962.673386] usb 3-1: new low-speed USB device number 5 using uhci_hcd
Sep 29 20:14:46 JW-PC kernel: [103962.793314] usb 3-1: device descriptor read/64, error -71
Sep 29 20:14:46 JW-PC kernel: [103963.060637] usb 3-1: string descriptor 0 read error: -71
Sep 29 20:14:46 JW-PC kernel: [103963.060645] usb 3-1: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=c01d
Sep 29 20:14:46 JW-PC kernel: [103963.060648] usb 3-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
Sep 29 20:14:46 JW-PC kernel: [103963.064631] usb 3-1: can't set config #1, error -71
Sep 29 20:14:46 JW-PC mtp-probe: checking bus 3, device 5: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-1"

I've tried other USB ports with similar results. The mouse has been working fine for years until this started recently.

But so far, no solution to the problem. I read a bit about trying to disable mtp-probe, but didn't find a way that worked for me. You might want to check your syslog (under System Tools) to see if there is a series of entries like this.


Ok I finally found a solution to this problem. When I create a new user that new user will have less functionality in command line. He wont be able to use UP arrow keys or copy and paste from the shell or commands like source and autocomplete. The reason for this is that the new user will be using default shell /bin/sh and all these functionality exists in /bin/bash. So one way to get around this is just change the shell you are using by typing the name of the shell.

$ bash

and it will change to bash shell and prompt will change as well by displaying the user and local host as well as the current directory like this.

user@localhost$


What is the correct pronunciation of 'Ubuntu'?

Here's Nelson Mandela ...  Short clip : The Meaning of Ubuntu .

Actually, you get the interviewer pronouncing Ubuntu twice,  and you'll hear Mandela pronounce Ubuntu near the end of the clip.

To attempt a quick summary, the bun is close to Boone in Daniel Boone or \bün\ ;

and tu is close to too, or \tü\ .   The initial u matches this sound.


How to protect project file in ubuntu server?

Now we want all this guys (a,b and c) able to work from our server so that they cannot take that file at home or share to anyone or able to save either in their own personal local pc. Is it feasible to make the team work in that way ? Please advise

No. To quote Bruce Schneier:

  Digital files cannot be made uncopyable, any more than water can be made not wet.

This is always true. They can copy the text, or they can snap a photo of the monitor and do an OCR of the code. If they can view it, you have to assume that they can copy it.

If that is not OK, you should hire programmers you can trust.

If you have high security requirements, you may require that the coders surrender cell phones and other devices before entering a secure compartment, where they will use a computer that they can't plug USB devices into...


Try these commands:

sudo apt-get update -fmy
sudo apt-get upgrade -fmy


UbuntuStudio is actively being maintained - the UbuntuStudio team are currently preparing for their 12.04 release (at the time of writing this, beta 2 is available for download).

If you look at the mailing list - they are actively tracking and fixing bugs.

They have just announced a new Art Lead - Dick MacInnis

UbuntuStudio 12.04 is going to be a LTS release and will include new and updated packages (see the link for details).

Ubuntu Studio 12.04.1: 19 July 2012
Ubuntu Studio 12.04.2: 31 January 2013
Ubuntu Studio 12.04.3: 15 August 2013
Ubuntu Studio 12.04.4: 24 January 2014


Can not access Internet (DNS names do not resolve) after update today

Ok after trying several different things, and reading this post on DNS changes in Precise Pangolin I decided to go ahead and remove resolv.conf, actually I moved it:

 sudo mv /etc/resolv.conf /etc/backup.resolv.conf

In case I need it back. After doing this, dns resolution works and its faster too. The resolv.conf file was not regenerated instead there is now a folder in /etc/resolvconf which I believe contains DNS configuration files.

I am not able to explain the cause of this issue, so if you have some insight in this problem, please feel free to add your solution+explanation about what is happening here.


How can I obtain the IP address of OpenVPN clients

If these aren't statically assigned there isn't a good way to do this other than to extract them from the logfiles since the connections will be randomly assigned IP addresses.

If they are statically assigned AND you are using the Open VPN AccessServer you can do it this way:

sudo /usr/local/openvpn_as/scripts/sacli UserPropGet

which should yield a list of the IP addresses in the output which should look something like this:

{
  "<< name_of_user_profile >>": {
    ...
    "conn_ip": "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx",
    ...
  },
  ...
}

where the conn_ip is the connection IP address.

If you are trying to merely log users IP addresses and deposit that info into a DB then you might look at this:

Where are the OpenVPN connection logs and configuration files?

In that case you are using an OpenVPN Access Server you may want to try:

grep "primary virtual IP" /var/log/openvpnas.log** > output_file_name

which will give you a file with all of the IP addresses associated with all the users.  From there you can further modify the output to get just the bits you want from the file.


Bad screen resolution on full screen apps/games ubuntu 13.10

One method to stop Wine being silly in full-screen would be to use a virtual desktop to contain Wine - open 'Configure Wine', or winecfg, and set something like this:

 Note the 'Emulate a virtual desktop'

Wine will then run inside a Window like this:
  Note I am not installing 7zip in wine, you can install that in Ubuntu, I am just using this as an example.

and you can tweak the size so it fits as much of the screen as it can.

I can't think of how you could stop Linux games having problems... try looking for any configuration files (e.g. in ~/.q3a` for Urban Terror), and setting the screen size in those.


How can I make my Realtek RTL8821CE wireless hardware work?

You have Realtek RTL8821CE hardware, so use the following steps:

Open up a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and type:

cd /tmp/
sudo apt install --reinstall git dkms build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r)
git clone https://github.com/tomaspinho/rtl8821ce
cd rtl8821ce
chmod +x dkms-install.sh
chmod +x dkms-remove.sh
sudo ./dkms-install.sh

Which will download the Arch source and build the driver. After the above is completed, you can insmod the driver or simply reboot.

Warning: As you're downloading and building your own driver, ensure SecureBoot is disabled in the UEFI Firmware / BIOS if a simple reboot would not bring the desired result.


How to start Chrome always in "Incognito Mode"?

In Ubuntu/Linux unless you edit the .desktop file it won't work. Run the following:

sed 's/\/google-chrome/\/google-chrome --incognito/g' /usr/share/applications/google*.desktop

Is not efficient but will do the work.


Trying to upgrade from 20.04 to 20.10 get 'failed to connect..." error

I have had the same error message.  However I tried again and eventually the install started.
I used Alt F2 and update-manager -c as explained here


Custom paper size = Processing - Not Connected?

First, lets get to know what your printer will do:

$lpoptions -d <printer-name>

then assuming your printer can handle your desired resolution etc...
we can try to print. --What if is says it can only do 300DPI but you KNOW the printer can do more? well, maybe try reinstalling the printer with a better, more updated, non-generic driver. Then re-investigate the options that gives you.

now try giving the command:

$lp  -d <printer-name> -o PageSize=Custom.266x59cm <file.name>

Note: yeah, I know that 105'x23.39' isn't exactly 266x59cm but I'm not certain it will take decimals in there. I've also never tried using "in" for inches. it might exist, though I didn't read it in the manpages.

post results or errors.


Gigabit ethernet running at 10 BaseT speed

Just so you know, I tried another cable and got 10MB/sec, but switched back to the old cable under macOS and got Gigabit. Rebooting into Ubuntu also gave me Gigabit, and I still have gigabit every OS I launch !!!


There seems to be one on the main downloads page.

http://www.asuswebstorage.com/navigate/downloads/


How to change Folder Creation shortcut in Kubuntu

Open Dolphin.

In Settings, click on Configure Shortcuts…. (Alternatively, if you have the Control icon (☰) instead of the conventional menu, click on it and then on Configure Shortcuts….)

In there, scroll down till you find Create Folder…. You'll see F10 as the shortcut and possibly a blank space next to > in the Alternate column.

Click in the marked area and you'll get something like this:

Click on None (or whatever else is there) and then enter Ctrl+Shift+N if that's the shortcut you want. You may see a pop-up indicating that the shortcut may already be in use. Just click Reassign and then on OK.

That should now allow you to use Ctrl+Shift+N to open a new folder in Dolphin.


Recursively rename all files and folders to Title Case from terminal

To use the script below, you do not need more than the ability to paste :)

How to use

Paste the script below into an empty file, save it as (e.g.) rename_title.py
make it executable (for convenience reasons) chmod u+x rename_title.py
Run it with the directory to rename as argument:

/path/to/rename_title.py <directory/to/rename>

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os
import sys
import shutil

directory = sys.argv[1]

skip = ["a", "an", "the", "and", "but", "or", "nor", "at", "by", "for", "from", "in", "into", "of", "off", "on", "onto", "out", "over", "to", "up", "with", "as"]
replace = [["(", "["], [")", "]"], ["{", "["], ["}", "]"]]
def exclude_words(name):
    for item in skip:
        name = name.replace(" "+item.title()+" ", " "+item.lower()+" ")
    # on request of OP, added a replace option for parethesis etc.
    for item in replace:
        name = name.replace(item[0], item[1])
    return name

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
    for f in files:
        split = f.find(".")
        if split not in (0, -1):
            name = ("").join((f[:split].lower().title(), f[split:].lower()))
        else:
            name = f.lower().title()
        name = exclude_words(name)
        shutil.move(root+"/"+f, root+"/"+name)
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
    for dr in dirs:
        name = dr.lower().title()
        name = exclude_words(name)
        shutil.move(root+"/"+dr, root+"/"+name)

Examples:

a file > A File
a fiLE.tXT > A File.txt
A folder > A Folder
a folder > A Folder

And more complex, excluding ["a", "an", "the", "and", "but", "or", "nor", "at", "by", "for", "from", "in", "into", "of", "off", "on", "onto", "out", "over", "to", "up", "with", "as"]:

down BY the rIVER for my uncLE To get water.TXT

becomes:

Down By the River for My Uncle to Get Water.txt

etc, it simply makes all files and folders (recursively) Title Case, extensions lower case.

EDIT: I have added all articles, conjunctions and prepositions that do not need to be capitalized according to the capitalization rules for song titles.


Requesting URL to gnome-shell integration plugin for Firefox

I believe the confusion is that the plugin does not seem to be shipped as a plugin on ff addons. Instead, you find it in the repo for your distro. See the file lists below. Unfortunately, it also appears that not all the distros put it in the same "kind" of place.

Ubuntu: http://packages.ubuntu.com/saucy/amd64/gnome-shell/filelist
Fedora: http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/fedora/updates/19/x86_64/gnome-shell-3.8.4-3.fc19.x86_64.html

The actual plugin (as an xpi) may be available some place, but I can't find it.

Also, the link in @user118369 is to the tbird plugin which is something else entirely.


Should I be worried about a possible threat?

That file seems to belong to package libruby1.9.1, which should be installed when you installed Ruby.

If that package comes from the default repositories I guess that warning should be nothing to you worry about. If it comes from a PPA then you should take a closer look.

To see from where the package comes you can use apt-cache. From my system:

$ apt-cache policy libruby1.9.1
libruby1.9.1:
  Installed: (none)  <-- This shows the installed version (not installed on my case)
  Candidate: 1.9.3.0-1ubuntu2.5
  Version table:
     1.9.3.0-1ubuntu2.5 0
        500 http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main amd64 Packages
     1.9.3.0-1ubuntu1 0
        500 http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages

Also consider checking that file in an online scanner like VirusTotal. If only clamav marks it as a potencially threath probably it is a false positive.


Upgrade Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to Ubuntu 20.04.2.0 LTS via Terminal

The do-release-upgrade command is aimed to upgrade your operating system. See man do-release-upgrade. In your case, the command will upgrade from 16.04 to 18.04. After rebooting into the updated 18.04, you will need to run the command again to upgrade to 20.04. Make sure your system is fully updated before you upgrade.
This process will be rather lengthy, and there is a fair chance that there will be little issues here and there after the upgrade, if not worse. It will be quicker to do a fresh install at this stage.


How can I make my Ubuntu 12.04 look like a Mac?

There is a OS X Lion theme for Precise and other versions available in the Noobslab themes PPA.

The full blog post on Noobslab about changing the cursors, installing Cairo Dock for a "OS X"-ish launcher and other ways to max out the OS X feeling like a Apple splash screen can be found here.

In short (for 12.04): you have to add the repository to you sources and install the packages then. To do that open a terminal and enter these commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mac-os-lion-theme mac-os-lion-cursors mac-os-lion-icons

To change your theme, icons and cursors you must use a tool. You can install one like that (again: from a terminal):

## for Gnome Tweak Tool
sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

## for Ubuntu Tweak
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

As for Slingshot launcher: there is no stable release yet! You could add the elementary-dev/daily PPA and install a unstable version but that bears a high risk for your system!

Maybe (and just maybe since I don't know if this will work) you could download the latest stable version of slingshot here and install it manually: How to install tar.gz


What is the simplest Debian Packaging Guide?

This is a good HOWTO for creating a basic .deb file. It is suitable for creating .deb files for personal use but not stringent enough if you want to the package to be included in Debian / Ubuntu - for that you should read the Debian New Maintainer's Guide and/or the Ubuntu Packaging Guide (which I believe you've already tried).

A good tool for checking your .deb file for compliance is lintian (installable from the repositories).

There were two sessions here in the Ask Ubuntu chatrooms.

The Basics of Packaging on Ubuntu (Packaging: Part 1)

Ubuntu Packaging for Launchpad PPAs (Packaging: Part 2)


Do consider re-installing the server.

Check the following places:

crontab -l  after using sudo -su
crontab -l with your admin user
contents of /etc/rc.local and /etc/apt/sources.list
the directories

/etc/systemd/system
/usr/lib/systemd/system
/lib/systemd/system

for services you do not recognize.

Those will be the main culprits.

aeon-stak-cpuzheck /bin/ for a aeon-stak-cpu.

Do a locate aeon. That might pop more directories.

I can not find a malware though. aeon is installed from command line so I expect someone has a connection to your machine.


Does Ubuntu AppDev support applications written on Adobe AIR technology?

Looking at the Canonical partner repository, it seems that Adobe AIR is only offered as a package available from there from Ubuntu 10.04 to Ubuntu 11.04.

So starting from Ubuntu 11.10 Adobe AIR is no longer supported as far as I can tell.

As an alternative, you might want to look at another technology to write your application. Also, I've noticed that there is this non-open-source but gratis application that is written in AIR and bundle their own Adobe AIR package (I guess from Adobe). Have a look at their .run file for Linux to see how they install the app.

In any case, this is just an example for your reference. If Adobe is abandoning Linux support for AIR, you should really consider using another supported technology if Ubuntu is one of your target platforms.


I had previous versions of drivers working w/ xubuntu but installed the latest relevant nvidia proprietaries (not a particularly simple task) and found that they had only partially installed. Graphics were fine before & after but when I went to run steam, it wouldn't work. I tried to fix it but it ruined my system & now I'm in helpdesk hell. So my advice would be: until the various problems out there have solutions (broken pipe, nvidia-current, nvidia latest install difficulties, etc), maybe think long & hard whether the nouveau drivers are a genuine problem, or you'd simply like to have the best drivers because why not? If nouveau are doing the job I'd say leave em alone, unless you find a very trustable how to!


Windows xp machine is password protected

You should be able to push F8 or F11 for additional boot options and from there you should be able to boot from a flash drive. If that doesn't work I use Ophcrack to crack passwords. It's an operating system that hacks all the passwords on a windows machine.


This is the Update Notifier signifying that there are updates ready for your system. If you click on it, you'll get some options about these updates, similar to the ones in this screenshot (taken from this question):

Searching for "software-update" icons in /usr/share/icons/, I found (based on the icons' names) that the red explosion icon  is used to signify urgent updates, while the orange explosion icon  signifies available updates.


How does one view system changes comparing before and after an application installation?

Check these and you may find what your looking for:

/var/lib/dpkg/info
/var/log/dpkg.log
/var/log/aptitude

But aptitude logging is notoriously inadequate.


How to set up Ubuntu to less easily make full-width/half-width number mistakes?

The full-width characters are typed only when you attempt to input 2-byte characters, which are mostly Asian languages, I think.

This is an example how you avoid to type in a full-width characters, especially numbers.

This is a mozc configuration panel; advanced tab from which is brought by this way.

There're many other input methods and should be set by different ways but almost always the same, e.g. Anthy or ATOK, Windows IME and etc.

The other way to force full-width numbers replaced into half-width, when your text file probably contains some mixed full- and half-width numbers.

sed 'y/０１２３４５６７８９/0123456789/'

For example, you have an uncertain text1 file looks like:
12123
１５３２
４５６

And you want to replace all the full-width numbers into half-width numbers and create a new file text2

cat text1 | sed 'y/０１２３４５６７８９/0123456789/' > text2

You get:
12123
1532
456

ps. You can also replace full-width alphabet letters into half-width, that would be:

sed 'y/０１２３４５６７８９ＡＢＣＤＥＦＧＨＩＪＫＬＭＮＯＰＱＲＳＴＵＶＷＸＹＺａｂｃｄｅｆｇｈｉｊｋｌｍｎｏｐｑｒｓｔｕｖｗｘｙｚ/0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/'


Don't create default cluster in postgresql

The thing which is responsible for automatic creation of main cluster is package postgresql-commons. The purpose of this package is to allow multiple clusters running on multiple versions of PostgreSQL on the same machine. You can have PostgreSQL in different versions installed at the same time. Each can manage multiple clusters.

Postgresql-commons has configuration files in /etc/postgresql-common/. The one which is especially interesting is createcluster.conf. Here is its content:

# Default values for pg_createcluster(8)
# Occurrences of '%v' are replaced by the major version number,
# and '%c' by the cluster name. Use '%%' for a literal '%'.

# Create a "main" cluster when a new postgresql-x.y server package is installed
#create_main_cluster = true

# Default start.conf value, must be one of "auto", "manual", and "disabled".
# See pg_createcluster(8) for more documentation.
#start_conf = 'auto'

# Default data directory.
#data_directory = '/var/lib/postgresql/%v/%c'

# Default directory for transaction logs
# Unset by default, i.e. pg_xlog remains in the data directory.
#xlogdir = '/var/lib/postgresql/xlog/%v/%c/pg_xlog'

# Options to pass to initdb.
#initdb_options = ''

# The following options are copied into the new cluster's postgresql.conf:

# Enable SSL by default (using the "snakeoil" certificates installed by the
# ssl-cert package, unless configured otherwise here)
ssl = on

# Put stats_temp_directory on tmpfs
stats_temp_directory = '/var/run/postgresql/%v-%c.pg_stat_tmp'

# Add prefix to log lines
log_line_prefix = '%%t [%%p-%%l] %%q%%u@%%d '

To prevent it from creating main cluster you have to install postgresql-commons, uncomment line with create_main_cluster, set it to false and then install PostgreSQL in desired version.


How can I use Windows in Ubuntu (not virtualized) to run an Adobe program?

What you are asking is not possible

There is virtualization, which you do not want.

There is Wine, a compatibility layer that translates Windows API calls to POSIX API calls. This allows some Windows software to work within Ubuntu. However, this is not real Windows and some Windows applications do not work in Wine.

Here are some analogies to help you understand. You want to drive a car inside a boat.

The best you can do is put the car in a ferry. You can drive the car up and down the ferry as long as there is space in the ferry. This is virtualization.
The second best is you can put a steering-wheel and brake and gas
pedals inside your boat. This is Wine.

When you turn the steering-wheel it will not turn the front wheels left or right, as boats don't have front wheels. But it will turn the rudder and you will have same effect: the boat will turn.
When you press the gas pedal the boat will go faster.
When you hit the brake, nothing will happen, as boats don't have
brakes!

Hope this helps


How do I show an animated gif in the app I am developing?

Since you've added GTK to your question, example and documentation can be found at the PyGTK 2.0 Tutorial on the Chapter 9. Miscellaneous Widgets.
A code sample using .gif for buttons:
#!/usr/bin/env python

# example images.py

import pygtk
pygtk.require('2.0')
import gtk

class ImagesExample:
    # when invoked (via signal delete_event), terminates the application.
    def close_application(self, widget, event, data=None):
        gtk.main_quit()
        return False

    # is invoked when the button is clicked.  It just prints a message.
    def button_clicked(self, widget, data=None):
        print "button %s clicked" % data

    def __init__(self):
        # create the main window, and attach delete_event signal to terminating
        # the application
        window = gtk.Window(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL)
        window.connect("delete_event", self.close_application)
        window.set_border_width(10)
        window.show()

        # a horizontal box to hold the buttons
        hbox = gtk.HBox()
        hbox.show()
        window.add(hbox)

        pixbufanim = gtk.gdk.PixbufAnimation("goalie.gif")
        image = gtk.Image()
        image.set_from_animation(pixbufanim)
        image.show()
        # a button to contain the image widget
        button = gtk.Button()
        button.add(image)
        button.show()
        hbox.pack_start(button)
        button.connect("clicked", self.button_clicked, "1")

        image = gtk.Image()
        image.set_from_file("soccerball.gif")
        image.show()
        # a button to contain the image widget
        button = gtk.Button()
        button.add(image)
        button.show()
        hbox.pack_start(button)
        button.connect("clicked", self.button_clicked, "2")

def main():
    gtk.main()
    return 0

if __name__ == "__main__":
    ImagesExample()
    main()

ORIGINAL ANSWER
You can use PyQt with the QMovie() widget to play an animated gif. Bellow an example that I've found earlier.
Example from Python GUI Programming | DaniWeb web-site:
# use PyQt's QMovie() widget to play an animated gif
# tested with PyQt4.4 and Python 2.5
# also tetsed with PyQt4.5 and Python 3.0
# vegaseat

import sys
# expect minimal namespace conflicts
from PyQt4.QtCore import *
from PyQt4.QtGui import *

class MoviePlayer(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):

    QWidget.__init__(self, parent)
    # setGeometry(x_pos, y_pos, width, height)
    self.setGeometry(200, 200, 400, 300)
    self.setWindowTitle("QMovie to show animated gif")

    # set up the movie screen on a label
    self.movie_screen = QLabel()
    # expand and center the label
    self.movie_screen.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Expanding,
    QSizePolicy.Expanding)
    self.movie_screen.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)

    main_layout = QVBoxLayout()
    main_layout.addWidget(self.movie_screen)
    self.setLayout(main_layout)

    # use an animated gif file you have in the working folder
    # or give the full file path
    movie = QMovie("AG_Dog.gif", QByteArray(), self)
    movie.setCacheMode(QMovie.CacheAll)
    movie.setSpeed(100)
    self.movie_screen.setMovie(movie)
    movie.start()

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
player = MoviePlayer()
player.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())


It isn't possible to upgrade from a 32bit install to a 64bit install. You'd be able to upgrade to 32bit however.

If you're not recognising the partitions once you are in the livecd you can get information from the installed system to inform your choices.

In your current install open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T and run this command

mount

Check for which partition is mounting as /

Example - partition designations and UUID's are from my system for illustration purposes only.

mount
/dev/sda7 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro)

Use that partition in the Something Else option.

At times partition designation can change, you can double check the partition with the UUID.

Run

sudo blkid

/dev/sda7: LABEL="Tahr" UUID="ba32749c-2a4e-4e97-bdbc-1d9538490af1" TYPE="ext4"

In the livecd you can run the blkid command again to check the partition designation with the UUID.


I had the same problem.

The solution for me was to set a sleep command in the bash script for 10 seconds to delay the initiation.

#! /bin/sh
sleep 10
xgamma -rgamma x.xxx -ggamma x.xxx -bgamma x.xxx

This seems to work on 12.10 with HD 4000 graphics (mesa driver)

(If you need to create a script, you open your text editor, paste the lines above in the text file, chage x.xxx values to what you need, and save the file with .sh name ( is you file name))

(Than you want to add script to start up applications, type start up in unity bar, and than add the file in the new window)

Cheers,


12.04 Unity 2D - dragging windows barely works

Nevermind! The issue was reproducing in Windows as well. Turns out my main mouse is bouncing, so it will register a double-click once in a while in any OS. Nothing Unity-related.


To determine how much swap is used from the system type:

user@host:~# cat /proc/meminfo | grep Swap
SwapCached:            0 kB
SwapTotal:       2095100 kB
SwapFree:        2095100 kB


systemd-boot-messages are shortened on small display and thus unreadable

EDIT 2
Perhaps LineMax= parameter in journal configuration can force line breaks that are reflected during the boot process itself
(source).
I did not try that.
"Note that values below 79 are not accepted and will be bumped to 79."
(I am not sure this suits you).

EDIT
By default, journalctl truncates lines longer than screen width, but in some cases, it may be better to enable wrapping instead of truncating. This can be controlled by the SYSTEMD_LESS environment variable, which contains options passed to less (the default pager) and defaults to FRSXMK (see less(1) and journalctl(1) for details).
By omitting the S option, the output will be wrapped instead of truncated. For example, start journalctl as follows:
$ SYSTEMD_LESS=FRXMK journalctl

To set this behaviour as default, export the variable from ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc.
(source).

With journalctl you can view system logs (albeit after, not during, boot).
Use journalctl --list-boots to see details on recorded boots, including hashes/boot ID (you should have enabled the persistent storage of log messages).
Then use journalctl /usr/lib/systemd/systemd -b <boot ID> to view system log for a specific boot process (or the current one if boot ID is omitted). You can also use -1 e.g. instead of the boot ID, to see the previous boot.
While viewing a log, you can use left and right arrows to view complete lines.
Also, sudo less -R /var/log/boot.log.1, or other log files.
Is that enough for you?
Related

https://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Debugging/
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-journalctl-to-view-and-manipulate-systemd-logs
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/229188/journalctl-how-to-prevent-text-from-truncating-in-terminal


You only can repartition unallocated space to the Ubuntu partition if it's immediately adjacent to that partition. Is that the case?

All answers about partitioning you also can find in a clear guide from GParted.
http://gparted.org/display-doc.php%3Fname%3Dmoving-space-between-partitions


Error while attempting to install Apache 2 version 2.2 on Ubuntu 14.04

you are getting this error because this version is not available on repository which you are using.

you can check which versions are available in repository
apt-cache showpkg <pachagename>
e.g. apt-cache showpkg apache2

then you can install that version using command
apt-get install <packagename>=<complete version name>
e.g. apt-get install apache2=2.2.14-5ubuntu8.7


How to lanuch Visual Studio code when installed through flatpak?

solution:
flatpak run com.visualstudio.code

which was simple.


Getting error code(1) when installing MSSQL server in Ubuntu 16.04

283.4GB is the amount of Hard Drive space you have.

The error 3.25 gigabytes of memory refers to your available RAM (Random Access Memory) capacity.

To find out how much RAM you have available, type this in your terminal:

$ free -m

This will give you a readout in Megabytes(MB), as to how much RAM you have.


Ubuntu Frozen every time when Memory usage over 80%

There might be Some problem Check and go through these process.

CPU Heat,

Note:-Go to your BIOS Settings and Monitor your CPU Temperature. The Temperature should be 40 to 50. If you are getting more then this then use CPU Thermal paste to cool your CPU Temperature.

HDD Sata cable

Note:- There should be IO Error change your HDD Sata Cable.

It might not be compatible with 2GB or 4GB of RAM. Remove 2GB RAM from your computer and tried only on 4GB RAM with boot up your computer.

It will solved your problem


How do I share files between two computers connected to a router?

Gnome 2 provides an easy way to share filesystems using sshfs. Essentially all that is needed is the OpenSSH server on the computer hosting the files (or both for two-way sharing). I'm not at a ubuntu machine right now because I'm at school, but if I remember correctly it should be as simple as going to Places → Connect… then selecting ssh and filling in the host's IP address.

For example, with host A at 10.0.0.1 and host B at 10.0.0.2 with the user user on both machines:

(execute on both machines)

sudo apt-get install openssh-server
ifconfig

Before 16.10

Then Places → Connect… fill in user for username, you password for the password and the IP address of the other computer (from ifconfig above).

After 16.10

On the left side of Nautilus, click on + Other Locations. Then in the input field at the bottom (which reads Enter server address…) input sftp://ip-address - replacing ip-address with the address from ifconfig. In the prompt you will then supply the user and password for the computer you are connecting to.


how to redirect a sub domain to any url (Apache2 & Ubuntu)

Turn on Apache rewrite:

sudo a2enmod rewrite

Edit your Apache config file...

RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.mysite.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.newdomain.com/Login.html [R=301,L]

301 = permanent redirection

Restart Apache.


Completely fresh 16.04 install, still seeing Antergos in boot menu

Have a look in /boot/grub/grub.cfg to see if you can find the entry for it in there. If it is try erasing that partition again (if this is what you want) but using a live disc with gparted.


As you have noted, yes, Nautilus use file extension (when present) as a priority to determine the file type.
You can edit the file /usr/share/mime/packages/freedesktop.org.xml, search for the extension you want to ignore and delete the line. Below is an example.

Supose I don't want Nautilus to associate ".txt" extension and I want it to look at the "magic number" instead.

I. Edit the file:

sudo gedit /usr/share/mime/packages/freedesktop.org.xml

I will look for a line with <glob pattern="*.txt"/> and delete it:

II. Save.

III. Run:

sudo update-mime-database /usr/share/mime

Done!

== Effect ==

This is how an mp3 file looks like:

This is how it looks if I change the extension to txt:

This is how it looks if I edit the file above and then change the extension:


How do I troubleshoot S-Video + audio jack output not working?

If you don't know what your graphics card is, type lspci in the terminal. You should see one of Intel, ATI or NVIDIA in the output.

Using your favourite search engine, find others with the same problem as you who are using the same family of video card. Find a workaround if there is one, or subscribe to the bug and hope for the best.

I've found references to S-Video problems across many releases of Ubuntu. Prevention is better than cure, so next time I'm testing from a Live CD before upgrading.


BootableUSB Stick created for installation, doesn't working on Ubuntu13.04

You must set the usb stick boot priority higher than the hard disk.
You can do this thing in bios.


Will Thunderbird integrate with the calendar indicator?

According to this article, Thunderbird has already achieved complete integration with all of the special menu schemes in Unity. Even if 11.10 ships without complete integration, it shouldn't be any trouble to add it in yourself. You'll either be able to manually modify it, or add in a Mozilla PPA which includes a post-feature-freeze version of Thunderbird and Lightning.

It's already quite possible to add Thunderbird to the time/date indicator in Ubuntu: these instructions will take you through it step by step. They also explains how to thoroughly integrate Thunderbird with your Ubuntu desktop.

Since we're in feature freeze, there aren't likely to be major changes to the calendar indicator design before 11.10. This should make it easier for the Thunderbird developers (and independent add-on developers) to update their Unity-ready addons for 11.10. If you're looking for other unity-specific ways to make Thunderbird play nice with Ubuntu check out these three addons:

Ubuntu Unity Messaging Menu Integration
Unity Launcher Integration
Ubuntu Unity unread count and quicklist

Note that they may become unnecessary, if Mozilla continues to add Ubuntu/Unity functionality directly into Thunderbird. This AskUbuntu answer gives some other ways that you can customize your Unity Thunderbird launcher.

If you're feeling particularly adventurous, and want to try out the latest and greatest versions of Thunderbird right now, you can try out one of the Mozilla personal package archives:

Thunderbird Stable (the current version)
Thunderbird Next (beta)


It's not coming from your computer, everybody playing Torchlight for Linux is experiencing the same bug. The best you can do is wait a few days until a new build is released which will hopefully fix this issue.

You can have more detailed information here : http://forums.runicgames.com/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=33348&start=40


Will "Install Alongside Windows" use the empty space I create?

Don't use the "install alongside..." option. Use the "something else" option. You need to create at least one partition, namely the root, denoted by "/". Set aside 35GB. I'd also install a "/home" partition,  which is optional, and maybe set aside 25GB. Both these 2 partititions should be formatted as ext4. You can create a "swap area", but it's also optional, unless you intend to use your computer in a way that will be heavy on memory. I wouldn't use more than 8GB for that.

There's also a "/boot" partition needed, but Ubuntu creates that one automatically. It should take care of creating and placing your bootloader. That takes up about 100MB and is shared between Windows and Ubuntu.

Have a good read of this before you do anything then you shouldn't go wrong.


UPDATE: The fwupd service seems to work now!
After I made some new updates the problem seems to be fixed. I guess it was just a bug.


how to recover backgrond process from a killed terminal

You don't.  Typically such processes are killed when you disconnect, unless they ignore SIGHUP.  If you want to be able to reconnect to long running programs like that, you need to use something like screen on the target computer and run the program under the screen session, which allows you to disconnect and reconnect.

How to keep processes running after ending ssh session?


Terminator doesn't show System Title Bar

GUI-solution:

Right-click anywhere in Terminator window and select Preferenes.

Check Window borders option and restart Terminator.


Could Seabios be preventing keyboard input from getting to Ubuntu?

So I just learned that my chromebook supports full ROM editing now, so I changed SeaBIOS from RW_LEGACY to Full ROM, and now it works perfectly!
I hope this helps someone in the future :)


Is checking disc necessary while booting Ubuntu from USB?

Removing Disk Check From 20.04 Boot
The command line option fsck.mode=skip can be used to skip the disk check when booting Ubuntu 20.04.
The line Checking disks: 0% complete may still come up but fsck will not be run, nor will boot time be increased.
Add fsck.mode=skip to the linux line in /boot/grub/grub.cfg just before quiet splash for GRUB boot or in /isolinux/txt.cfg for Syslinux boot.
toram
For those people who think a filesystem check every boot is a good idea.
It takes a little longer to boot toram, but the file system check takes about three seconds rather than three minutes, (about sixty times as fast), and the system should run faster once booted.
Add the command toram to /boot/grub/grub.cfg or /isolinux/txt.cfg similar to above, or to syslinux.cfg for UNetbootin.


The problem is that you haven't properly set up your /etc/fstab.
There are two kinds of swap available to you. A /swapfile, or a partition-based swap area. You have to decide on one or the other.
Note: A 22G swap partition is excessive (unless you're planning on hibernating).
Your /etc/fstab currently has something like:
/swapfile  none  swap  sw  0  0

You should either increase your 2G /swapfile to 4G, or switch your swap line to use your /dev/sda7 swap partition, with something like:
UUID=071f8b0e-8e16-4f4d-90ff-a4ae9cc56e2b  none  swap       sw       0       0

Note: changing the UUID to what's found in the sudo blkid command.

To increase your current /swapfile to 4G, do the following:
Note: Incorrect use of the dd command can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
In the terminal...
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=4096

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm 16G RAM and 4G swap

Confirm this /swapfile line at the end of /etc/fstab... and confirm no other “swap” lines...
To edit, use sudo -H gedit /etc/fstab or sudo pico /etc/fstab
/swapfile  none  swap  sw  0  0

reboot                    # reboot and verify operation

Note: Then you can remove your 22G swap partition /dev/sda7.


Fixed. Source: https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/81wyq2/giant_emoji_in_terminal/dv617z8/

sudo ln -s /etc/fonts/conf.avail/10-scale-bitmap-fonts.conf /etc/fonts/conf.d/

Then reload fontconfig: sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig


What you have will work if your python program is in the directory that has Documents in it.  Your best bet would be to fully qualify the directory with something like

path= '/home/{myuser}/Documents/Books/ch02/usagov_bitly_data2012-03-16-1331923249.tx'

Of course, the {myuser} should be your user id.  Also, be aware that linux is case sensitive. BTW, entering pwd at your command prompt will give you the current directory in case you don't know it.


Apache apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed error

I too had this problem aster a good install of Apache 2.4 on Ubuntu 14.04.

I eventually fixed when I realised I had entered a wrong name in /etc/hosts file
my server name set in /etc/hostname was thissrv2

i.e. hosts was (after I changed it) ...
127.0.0.1       localhost
::1             localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0         ip6-localnet
ff00::0         ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1         ip6-allnodes
ff02::2         ip6-allrouters
127.0.1.1       thissvr1
91.189.88.140   ports.ubuntu.com
91.189.95.83    ppa.launchpad.net
54.224.40.137   repo.linaro.org

Once I corrected the entry to that below (now in line with /etc/hostname) the err went

127.0.0.1       localhost
::1             localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0         ip6-localnet
ff00::0         ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1         ip6-allnodes
ff02::2         ip6-allrouters
127.0.1.1       thissvr2
91.189.88.140   ports.ubuntu.com
91.189.95.83    ppa.launchpad.net
54.224.40.137   repo.linaro.org

Hope this leads others to fixing this type of error.


install Boot-Repair in Ubuntu

Boot your computer on a Ubuntu live-CD or live-USB.
Choose "Try Ubuntu"
Connect internet
Open a new Terminal Ctrl+Alt+T, then type:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
Press Enter.
Then type:

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Press Enter.

Using Boot-Repair

Recommended repair

launch Boot-Repair from either :

a. The Dash (the Ubuntu logo at the top-left of the screen)

b. Or System->Administration->Boot-Repair menu (Ubuntu 10.04 only)

c. Or by typing 'boot-repair' in a terminal
Then click the "Recommended repair" button. When repair is finished, note the URL (paste.ubuntu.com/XXXXX) that appeared on a paper, then reboot and check if you recovered access to your OSs.
If the repair did not succeed, indicate the URL to people who help you by email or forum.


I think a PPA update broke my system. What can I do?

Yes. Assuming the PPA hasn't borked essential components of your system (like network connection, package management, and boot) it should be possible to restore your system to mainline Ubuntu packages.

Getting into a repair environment

First, get to a command-line. If your system is still usable enough to login and use an Ubuntu session, launch 'Terminal'. If not, press Ctrl-Alt-F1 (Ctrl-Alt-Fn-F1 if you have media keys), and login to the text prompt.

Resolving package inconsistencies, if any

Now. First, finish any incomplete updates that may have been interrupted.

sudo dpkg --configure -a

If this repairs anything, it's possible no further repairs will be necessary; simply skip to the Finishing up step below. If nothing is repaired, the package integrity of your system is good, and PPAs may indeed be resposible.

Installing a PPA removal tool

First install ppa-purge...

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

If you're using Ubuntu 10.04, you need to add lucid-backports to your software sources.

Removing potentially damaging PPAs

And then uninstall PPAs from your system like so, replacing ricotz/testing with the PPA you want to remove:

sudo ppa-purge ppa:ricotz/testing

(If you do not know what PPAs you have installed, you can check with cat /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list | grep ppa. The PPA names correspond the unique portion of the URLs, such as ricotz/testing for ppa.launchpad.net/ricotz/testing/ubuntu/)

Finishing up

Finally, update your system and restart.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo shutdown -r now

Hopefully you will reboot into a fixed Ubuntu.


Try to login to the share with a user which has read/write permissions on the system where the folder is shared. Also make sure that that particular user has rights to access the samba share.

If possible, it is always a good idea to go for NFS sharing. As long as you do not need to connect from a Windows box you will be happy with NFS. If you want to continue with NF have a look at the quick start section of this official Ubuntu documentation.


There's no screensaver that shows one picture after the other (as in windows)?

Try this. Select the GLSlideshow screensaver in xscreensaver, open the Advanced tab and under Image Manipulation select "Choose Random Image" and choose the photo directory.

You may need to install xscreensaver again with these extras if the opition isn't available.

sudo apt-get install xscreensaver xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl-extra


update-manager: upgrade to 15.04 rather than 16.04

Use update manager without the "-d" option. See man update manager for details.

The -d option means update to development release.

  -d, --devel-release
                Check if upgrading to the latest devel release is possible

http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man8/update-manager.8.html

or run

sudo do-release-upgrade

See How to Upgrade from 14.10 to 15.04


Does the internet speed affect other processes in Ubuntu (18.04)?

Time that used for save file depends on your hard drive speed. Please, use sudo iotop command for clarify your problem. Also, you can try any other editor to make compare test.

By the other hand, if you are using network file system, of course, saving file depends on your internet connection speed.


"Close Nautilus and open terminal in the same directory"?

You could use a Nautilus script for this:

#!/bin/bash

# Simple Nautilus script that closes current Nautilus view and opens terminal in
# working directory
#
# Dependencies: xdotool
#
# See here for installation instructions:
# https://askubuntu.com/q/236414/81372

# Store working directory
WorkingDir="$(python -c 'import gio,sys; print(gio.File(sys.argv[1]).get_path())'\
  "$NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI")"
# Close Nautilus window
xdotool key --clearmodifiers "alt+F4"
# Open terminal
gnome-terminal --working-directory="$WorkingDir"

Installation instructions for Nautilus scripts and setting up a hotkey may be found here.

The only dependency is xdotool, which you can easily install with:

sudo apt-get install xdotool


Problem booting Ubuntu 18.04 from USB on 2012 Macbook Pro

Why do you use third parties… you can use iTerm!
Open the terminal app and then write this, because we need to take the disk identifier of the USB, run the command diskutil list

Recognize the pendrive and when your are done, umount the device with the command diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskX
because the system is writing an OS to the pendrive and that requires to umount the drive but don't unplug it!, all data in that USB will be lost.

Use the cd command for entering directories, and the ls command for listing all the files that are in your current location, just remember.
In the terminal everything must be written exactly as it is, with the same name and spaces, so use TAB to avoid mistakes.
For example, when you start iTerm you should be in your $HOME directory, you can prove this by entering the command pwd. Now you must reach where did you put your Ubuntu.iso file, I'm assuming that is in your Downloads folder, so for listing all the folders and files in your home directory just use ls and then enter to the folder with cd Downloads, so now you're in the Downloads folder, wich is where your Ubuntu.iso file is..
for further info, click here

Finally use de dd utility, so run dd if=ubuntu-18.04-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/diskX bs=8192
Wait a few minutes and when it prompts, you're done.


What is different on the server versions of 11.10 and 10.04?

The Ubuntu Release Notes wiki page includes a section for Ubuntu Server.  By looking through the release notes for the last 3 releases (Maverick, Natty, and Oneiric) you can get a good list of the things that have changed.

To name just a few of the new features since 10.04:

Platform preview available for ARM architecture
Ubuntu Server 11.10 includes a tech preview of Juju
Improved power consumption and system monitoring with PowerNap 2.0


How can I set the User Agent in a webapp?

You have basically 2 ways to do this:

in your desktop file, update the Exec= line by adding --user-agent-string='Your UA' to it,
add a webapp-properties.json file in your webapp folder such as:

http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~dbarth/+junk/webbapp-whichbrowser/view/head:/webapp-properties.json

there is a small caveat here, you have to move your other command line definition (such as --webappUrlPatterns) in that file (in the "includes" section), and add --webappModelSearchPath=. or --local-webapp-manifest (which is a shortcut for the latter) to your Exec= line,


Lost wireless mouse connection when laptop is on battery

I fixed the problem by changing a setting in /etc/laptop-mode/conf.d/usb-autosuspend.conf

According to a comment in the config file, some USB devices don't correctly support autosuspend.

Theres an option in the config AUTOSUSPEND_USBID_BLACKLISTto add a list of USB device IDs for offending devices , I added the ID for the mouse and now it works without issues.

#
# Configuration file for Laptop Mode Tools module usb-autosuspend.
#
# For more information, consult the laptop-mode.conf(8) manual page.
#

###############################################################################
# USB autosuspend settings
# ------------------------
#
# If you enable this setting, laptop mode tools will automatically enable the
# USB autosuspend feature for all devices.
#
# NOTE: Some USB devices claim they support autosuspend, but implement it in a
# broken way. This can mean keyboards losing keypresses, or optical mice turning
# their LED completely off. If you have a device that misbehaves, add its USB ID
# to the blacklist below and complain to your hardware vendor.
################################################################################

# Enable debug mode for this module
# Set to 1 if you want to debug this module
DEBUG=0

# Enable USB autosuspend feature?
# Set to 0 to disable
CONTROL_USB_AUTOSUSPEND="auto"

# The list of USB IDs that should not use autosuspend. Use lsusb to find out the
# IDs of your USB devices.
# Example: AUTOSUSPEND_USBID_BLACKLIST="046d:c025 0123:abcd"
AUTOSUSPEND_USBID_BLACKLIST="03f0:8501"

# The list of USB driver types that should not use autosuspend.  The driver
# type is given by "DRIVER=..." in a USB device's uevent file.
# Example: AUTOSUSPEND_USBID_BLACKLIST="usbhid usb-storage"
AUTOSUSPEND_USBTYPE_BLACKLIST=""

# Trigger auto-suspension of the USB deivce under conditional circumstances
BATT_SUSPEND_USB=1
LM_AC_SUSPEND_USB=0
NOLM_AC_SUSPEND_USB=0

# USB Auto-Suspend timeout in seconds
# Number of seconds after which the USB devices should suspend
AUTOSUSPEND_TIMEOUT=2


How does the Trash Can work, and where can I find official documentation, reference, or specification for it?

GNOME is using .Trash correctly as far as I understand - if you look in gio/glocalfile.c source you'd see that it does make an attempt to use the .Trash directory if it exists. Do note though that the directory has to have the correct permissions for users to be able to safely store trash files in it (and in safely here, I mean that other users won't be able to recover user's trashed files). For this GNOME requires that the .Trash directory must have the sticky bit set on it - see Trash Directories,note (1) in FreeDesktop.Org's Trash specification.

The main problem with the above approach, is that most r/w removable media you find is FAT, which doesn't support the sticky bit so the only way to handle this safely is to use a per user trash directory.

Regarding root Trash - I can't reproduce the problem you describe, it seems to work well for me.

Regarding /etc/fstab - I'm not sure what is the problem there: you should need to mess around with fstab, unless you want full control over where an external file system is mounted. Normally removable media is mounted automatically upon detection in /media for the user that is currently active, but it is then inaccessible to any other user. If you want a different setup then you should mess with the configuration file. I don't see how that relates to trash, though.


XAMPP: running index.php leads to error (Win/Linux)

It is likely a php setting in php.ini.

short_open_tag - boolean
Tells PHP whether the short form (<? ?>) of PHP's open tag should be allowed. If you want to use PHP in combination with XML, you can disable this option in order to use  inline. Otherwise, you can print it with PHP, for example: <?php echo '<?xml version="1.0"?>'; ?>. Also, if disabled, you must use the long form of the PHP open tag (<?php ?>).

Edit 'php.ini' and add (or change) ...
short_open_tag = 0


A complex configuration. How can I get my web server's browser to access a web site served from the same server?

I solved the problem I was having, and as usual it turtned out to be something considerably simpler than I'd anticipated.  It turns out I had configured the ethernet port incorrectly in Kubuntu's System Settings > Connections GUI.  I discovered the problem when I had some issues with apt failing.
The correct settings I needed were:
{
Select IPv4 tab.
Set Method: Manual
DNS Servers: 192.168.0.1
Search Domains 8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4
DHCP Client ID: (blank)
Address: 192.168.0.20 (static address on LAN)
Netmask 255.255.255.0
Gateway 192.168.0.1

}
I found my mistake when I looked at how I had setup a different server on my LAN that was also using Kubuntu 18.04 LTS, and it was working.  I've now made a hardcopy of the screenshot so I have a handy reference for the future.


I was able to solve this issue by logging out of the desktop session for the machine before trying RDP.


When the installation asks you to select a driver, select the PPD option, not the 'generic' driver or 'library of printers'.

Instead choose the file from within the PPD folder which can be downloaded from Lexmark's support site.

That's what I did and printing is fast and I can also access my printer through the browser.

If you have any problems downloading the file, let me know and I can email it.
It's only 134 kb

All the best

Steve


What's the easiest way to mount Windows share as a local folder in home directory?

Suppose you have a directory called mounts in your home directory in which you want various Samba shares to be mounted. Suppose further that you are specifically interested in mounting a share called sharename from a remote machine called hostname (this could also be an IP address), and on that remote machine your username is username. First, create the mount point:

mkdir ~/mounts/sharename

Then mount the share:

sudo mount.cifs //hostname/sharename ~/mounts/sharename -o user=username

In Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and earlier, if you don't have the mount.cifs command, you can either install the cifs-utils  package, or use smbmount instead (which is, in turn, provided by the smbfs  package).

sudo smbmount //hostname/sharename ~/mounts/sharename -o user=username

(smbmount is not available in Ubuntu 12.10 or higher, at least so far, but you can use mount.cifs instead. Thanks to HDave for pointing this out.)

You may be prompted for your password on the local machine, to run the command as root. Then you'll be prompted for your password on the remote machine, to log in so you can mount the share.


Connect laptop to Android phone to connect to Internet

Plug the USB cable between PC and android device, on android device go to Settings > More settings > Tethering & portable hotspot and enable USB Tethering


Steps to try

Reinstall display drivers
Check Additional Drivers from Dash for missing drivers
Install Ubuntu Restricted Extras from Ubuntu Software Center

This collection of packages includes:

MP3 and other audio codec software to play various audio formats (GStreamer plugins)

software to install the Microsoft Web fonts

the Adobe Flash plugin

LAME, software to create compressed audio files. This software does not include libdvdcss2, and will not let you play encrypted DVDs. For more information, see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats/PlayingDVDs

These software packages are from the Multiverse channel, restricted by copyright or legal issues in some countries. For more information, see http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/licensing

Ref : http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2016/04/10-things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-16-04-lts

How do I install the ubuntu-restricted extras package?


Have installed Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS and have 2 problems

It seems you have an older laptop or Desktop where you trying to do this.
In case this laptop/desktop is less than 5 yrs old - you might want to disable secure boot.
Make sure after that you run boot-repair

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Regarding your d-sub issue - I didn't encountered this but sharing what I found googling and this one


Selecting Windows Boot Manager in startup UEFI menu GRUB instead

You show this and the Windows entry is booting grub.:

efibootmgr -v

BootCurrent: 0001
Timeout: 0 seconds

  BootOrder: 0000,0001 Boot0000* Windows Boot
  Manager HD(2,GPT,8edc3baf-c97b-4fcd-bf3e-fdbb7f142f71,0xfa000,0x32000)/File(EFIubuntugrubx64.efi)WINDOWS.........x...B.C.D.O.B.J.E.C.T.=.{.9.d.e.a.8.6.2.c.-.5.c.d.d.-.4.e.7.0.-.a.c.c.1.-.f.3.2.b.3.4.4.d.4.7.9.5.}...,................
  Boot0001* UEFI:  USB DISK 2.0 DL07, Partition
  1 PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x14,0x0)/USB(2,0)/HD(1,MBR,0x0,0x800,0x3ba800)..BO

You need both a Windows entry & an ubuntu entry that are correct. To see entries:

sudo efibootmgr -v

Add Windows entry:

sudo efibootmgr -c  -L "Windows Boot Manager" -l "\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi" -d /dev/sdb -p 2

Add Ubuntu entry:

sudo efibootmgr -c -l "\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.EFI" -L ubuntu -d /dev/sdb -p 2

see also:
Changed the UEFI motherboard on a dell laptop, now it says no OS detected

If you have duplicate Windows Boot Manager entries, one grub and one really Windows delete the grub version.

sudo efibootmgr -v
The "-v" option displays all the entries so you can confirm you're deleting the right one, and then you use the combination of "-b ####" (to specify the entry) and "-B" (to delete it). Examples #5 is delete:, with Ubuntu you need sudo, others must be at root. some need all 4 hex chars, others only need significant digits

sudo efibootmgr -b XXXX -B
man efibootmgr


I found the solution add th lines

up /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf
down /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf

to the file /etc/openvpn/client.conf

thanks to the post: openvpn and DNS


USB C port seems dead - Thinkpad T580 and Ubuntu 18.04

0
down vote

I've had the same problem for two weeks and today I found a solution by simply buying another cable! This afternoon I received my 3rd "USB-C Male to USB-3 Female" adaptor and a flash drive showed up on the desktop! I don't know if I am allowed to write the make of this adaptor so I won't but the two previous ones from other manufacturers left me thinking that either the USB-C port on my new laptop was dead or that U!buntu 18.04 was incompatible with USB-C !!


List ports forwarded by myself from ssh?

You can list via lsof

sudo lsof -i -n

You may use grep to filter results

sudo lsof -i -n  | grep ssh


How can I install MaaS 1.7.x to 14.04LTS?

I'm not sure this is the best way, but after looking around I found some ppas for MaaS here on Launchpad

Thanks to Andres Martinez, who posted a set of 1.7.6 packages, you can access them for apt-get install after:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:andreserl/maas
sudo apt-get update


Google Calendar not appearing in gnome-calendar

Simply logging out and in again solved the problem for me :)


Wacom Intuos CTL-4100 not working on Ubuntu 18.04

According to the official documentation, some Wacom Tablets, namely

Wacom Intuos M: CTL-6100
Wacom Intuos BT M: CTL-6100WL
Wacom Intuos S: CTL-4100
Wacom Intuos BT S: CTL-4100WL

May change their behavior because they missidentify the Linux computer as an Android device, and therefore they won't be picked up by Ubuntu as a Wacom tablet. You can test this by running libwacom-list-local-devices on a terminal:

$ libwacom-list-local-devices
# Device node: /dev/input/event8
[Device]
Name=Wacom Intuos S (Android Mode)
...

Where you clearly see the tablet is in Android Mode. To change it back, you must press the buttons 1 and 4 (i.e. the rightmost and leftmost) simoultaneously for a number of seconds (around 5). You can run the command again, also while pressing the buttons, and see the output:

$ libwacom-list-local-devices
# Device node: /dev/input/event8
[Device]
Name=Wacom Intuos S
ModelName=CTL-4100

Note that now it is properly identified as a Wacom Tablet. After this, Ubuntu should automatically pick it up for configuring.


Which version of ubuntu uses kernel 2.6.30.10

Here it goes

By default, the 12.04.2 point release will ship with a newer 3.5.0-23.35 Ubuntu kernel from Quantal, and a matching X.org stack.

11.04 has a kernel based on mainline branch stable kernel 2.6.38.2.

10.10 RC includes the 2.6.35-22.33 kernel which is based on the 2.6.35.4 Upstream stable kernel.

So you'll have to go older.  I don't recommend it because all on them with the exception of 10.04LTS, and 12.04LTS are unsupported anymore.

Hope that helps.


Any whiteboard animation software for Ubuntu or Linux?

I've used Sparkol VideoScribe in Wine on Ubuntu 13 in the past. VideoScribe is a great tool, but I'm not sure if it will still work with Wine.

http://alternativeto.net/software/videoscribe/ does not offer a whole lot of alternatives that are Linux friendly


apt wants to uninstall VLC because libgles1 is too old, even though the VLC team removed the libgles1 dependency

The solution was to fake a newer version of libgles1 using dpkg-deb. This is safe since that package is redundant on my system.

sudo ppa-purge -o  videolan -p stable-daily -d xenial

Now the newer vlc (2.2.7) is gone, and standard (crashy) vlc is back:

$ vlc --version
VLC media player 2.2.2 Weatherwax (revision 2.2.2-0-g6259d80)

Run sudo apt remove libgles1-mesa, so that Software Updater isn't bunged up any more.

Software Updater now installs libgles2 v17.0.7 plus various other related libs.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/stable-daily
sudo apt update

Now apt list --upgradeable shows

libvlc5/xenial 2.2.2+git20170721+r59033+56~ubuntu16.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.3]
libvlccore8/xenial 2.2.2+git20170721+r59033+56~ubuntu16.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.3]
vlc/xenial 2.2.2+git20170721+r59033+56~ubuntu16.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.3]
vlc-data/xenial,xenial 2.2.2+git20170721+r59033+56~ubuntu16.04.1 all [upgradable from: 2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.3]
vlc-nox/xenial 2.2.2+git20170721+r59033+56~ubuntu16.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.3]
vlc-plugin-notify/xenial 2.2.2+git20170721+r59033+56~ubuntu16.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.3]
vlc-plugin-samba/xenial 2.2.2+git20170721+r59033+56~ubuntu16.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.3]

Run Software Updater. It installs 5 of the 7 debs:

Start-Date: 2017-07-28  12:22:38
Commandline: aptdaemon role='role-commit-packages' sender=':1.208'
Upgrade: vlc-plugin-samba:amd64 (2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.3, 2.2.2+git20170721+r59033+56~ubuntu16.04.1), vlc-plugin-notify:amd64    (2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.3, 2.2.2+git20170721+r59033+56~ubuntu16.04.1), libvlc5:amd64 (2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.3, 2.2.2+git201707   21+r59033+56~ubuntu16.04.1), libvlccore8:amd64 (2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.3, 2.2.2+git20170721+r59033+56~ubuntu16.04.1), vlc-data   :amd64 (2.2.2-5ubuntu0.16.04.3, 2.2.2+git20170721+r59033+56~ubuntu16.04.1)
End-Date: 2017-07-28  12:22:42

Now run

sudo apt download libgles1-mesa
sudo dpkg-deb -x ~/libgles1-mesa_12.0.6-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb .
sudo dpkg-deb --control ~/libgles1-mesa_12.0.6-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb .

Modify the DEBIAN/control Depends line to read:

Depends: libglapi-mesa (= 17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.1), libc6 (>= 2.2.5)

(because libglapi was upgraded to 17.0.7)

sudo dpkg-deb -b . ~/libgles1-mesa_17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libgles1-mesa_17.0.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb
sudo apt install vlc-nox
sudo apt install vlc

Now vlc --version outputs

VLC media player 2.2.7 Umbrella (revision 2.2.2+git20170721+r59033+56~ubuntu16.04.1)

Software Updater runs happily. Well I never!


Why is 'Broadcast' appearing twice in my notification menu?

Regarding Broadcast appearing twice in the notification menu the problem seemed to be "unity-lens-gwibber". Uninstalling the gwibber lens removed the second broadcast account. But now Gwibber will not start at login with the box ticked. If that persists then I will add manually to the start-up applications list.


I got the same problems.  Sound worked ok up to Ubuntu 19.10, then the selected sound device is a faked one, and no sounds from pulsaudio.

I tried this command, which help each time I do login, but it is only a temporary solution.  I want a permanent solution too.

The command is sudo alsa force-reload

But yes, also interested of a permanent solution.


Two startup applications icons with cinnamon

sudo apt-get purge gnome-session will get rid of any duplication among cinnamon-session and gnome-session for the latest cinnamon.

Follow Presbitero's answer to get rid of the icon in Menu.


This sounds like it may be a hardware issue, rather than a software issue. You should try connecting an external USB keyboard and see if its left arrow key works fine, and/or boot into a different OS (or even just the BIOS menu) and see if the left arrow key still has the same problem there.


Enable thumbnail preview when uploading files in Google Chrome/Firefox?

You need to put the cursor on to a file and you will see the thumbnail.


How to tell if Ubuntu is installed inside or alongside Windows?

From Ubuntu

Open your file browser and click "File System". Do you see a host folder which—on opening—contains folders like Windows, Users, and Program Files? If so, Ubuntu is installed within Windows.

From Windows

Open "Add/Remove Programs" from the control panel. Is 'Ubuntu' listed among installed programs? If so, Ubuntu is installed within Windows.


Try opening terminal and typing

  sudo apt-get install libnm-glib-vpn1 libnm-glib4 libnm-util2 network-manager-whoopsie

and then try again.


Bash auto_completion with Xubuntu and xrdp from windows

You may find that this is a more general issue with interception of the Tab key under remote XFCE4 sessions, rather than a problem with bash completion itself.

I had a similar issue running XFCE4 over VNC and the workaround for me was to edit the ~/.config/xfce4/xfconf/xfce-perchannel-xml/xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts.xml file to unset the following mapping

<       <property name="&lt;Super&gt;Tab" type="string" value="switch_window_key"/>
---
>       <property name="&lt;Super&gt;Tab" type="string" value="empty"/>

Note that there may be two entries, and the first already has the value "empty". If this is the case, edit the second entry.
I found this solution online somewhere and can't really take credit for it.


Problem with reinstalling albert on Ubuntu 20.04, how to fix invalid key resource URL error?

I am not sure exactly what caused my problem but deleting a gpg associated .asc file solved it for me.
sudo rm /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/home:manuelschneid3r.asc

This solution was found here
I was then able to follow the official Ubuntu 20.04 instructions in order to install albert.


Keeping more lines in a variable can be really painful. In fact when you use only dmesg | grep idVendor the output will be arranged in more lines, but when you do dmesgDevs=$(dmesg | grep idVendor), all the lines will be merged in a single string.

Now, to print dmesgDevs line by line, you can set the internal field separator (IFS) variable, and then let it parse into an array. Something like this it will parse each time one line of input separated by [:

while IFS='[' read ADDR; do for i in "${ADDR[@]}"; do echo $i; done; done <<< "$dmesgDevs"

Finally, to check if theres is word in particular line, just pipe the output of previous command to grep:

while IFS='[' read ADDR; do for i in "${ADDR[@]}"; do echo $i; done; done <<< "$dmesgDevs" | grep 'word'

In this case I was able to find a solution because each line start with the same pattern ([), but this doesn't happen all the time. So, as alternative instead to keep the output of dmesg | grep idVendor command in a variable, keep it in a file; for example in /tmp/dmesgDevs. You can do this using:

dmesg | grep idVendor > /tmp/dmesgDevs

Then, everything is very simple:

cat /tmp/dmesgDevs
grep 'word' /tmp/dmesgDevs


Prevent a program adding itself to startup programs automatically

The startup preferences is stored at ~/.config/autostart/. Take dropbox for example, it auto adds itself to startup by adding/editing the ~/.config/autostart/dropbox.desktop file. So a simple solution change that file and make it root-editable only.

vim ~/.config/autostart/dropbox.desktop. Then change Exec=dropbox start -i to Exec=
chmod 600 ~/.config/autostart/dropbox.desktop. This makes the file only accessible by its user.
sudo chown root:root ~/.config/autostart/dropbox.desktop. This changes the user of the file to root.


Configure fontconfig to ignore bitmaps in scalable fonts

/etc/fonts/conf.d/70-no-bitmaps.conf only rejects bitmap fonts, they don't disable embedded bitmaps, which is the case here. I don't know why they didn't put the setting to disable embedded bitmaps in the same conf file. Anyways, put the following in your ~/.config/fontconfig/conf.d/20-no-embedded.conf (or, for older versions of Ubuntu, in ~/.fonts.conf.d/20-no-embedded.conf):

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>
  <match target="font">
    <edit name="embeddedbitmap" mode="assign">
      <bool>false</bool>
    </edit>
  </match>
</fontconfig>

This will disable embedded bitmap for all fonts. If you want to disable only for select fonts, add <test> element:

<test name="family" compare="contains">
  <string>Calibri</string>
  <string>Cambria</string>
</test>

before <edit ....


How can a program detect that Ubuntu is running as a virtual machine?

People and apps have started to code dmidecode parsing, special instruction handling (vmware) and other things. But often such code gets outdated no more matching new versions and virtualization technologies.

IMHO by far the most reliable way is to rely on the nowadays ubiquitous systemd and just call systemd-detect-virt

The benefits are clear, many VM and container types are already implemented, you get updates along new systemd versions and have less own code that you have to maintain.


INFO snap "mir-libs" has bad plugs or slots after install on Ubuntu core/RPi

The warning was introduced by snapd pull request #2712.

The content interface is intended to allow one snap package to share files with a second snap package.  This is only useful if the snap on the receiving side gets the files it was expecting (i.e. if the app expected to get the Mir client library, it probably won't work if it instead receives something else).

To help with this, plugs and slots using this interface can be annotated with a content attribute: if the value of this attribute matches, then a connection can be made.  Otherwise, it will fail.  Prior to the above pull request the attribute was optional, and in future it will probably be mandatory.  The warning is in there to encourage people to add the attribute if it is missing.

The mir-libs snap (as of revision 24) doesn't appear to include the attribute:

$ cat /snap/mir-libs/current/meta/snap.yaml
...
slots:
  mir-libs:
    interface: content
    read:
    - usr/lib

So the warning is telling the author of that snap that they need to fix this.  If you are developing a snap that plugs into mir-libs, you will need to wait for the mir-libs snap to be fixed first (since you won't know what they'll set the attribute to).


System settings and software center disapeared

You could try reinstall them by entering in tty2 with Ctrl+Alt+F2 and typing:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

and that might work fine.


Also you can try to boot from a USB stick using this http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/
Sometimes it requires to download a couple of times the ISO to burn it without any faults.


does anyone know how to install exagear desktop on chromebook with xfce ubuntu?

When you download a .deb package and want to run it with dpkg installer like:

sudo dpkg -i exagear-guest-ubuntu-1204lts_9_all.deb

You have to show it the correct way where is it? For example in Dowloads folder, then:

sudo dpkg -i ~/Downloads/exagear-guest-ubuntu-1204lts_9_all.deb

or complete path will look like:

sudo dpkg -i /home/username/Downloads/exagear-guest-ubuntu-1204lts_9_all.deb

Also you can cd to the folder where you downloaded .deb package e.g.:

cd ~/Downloads

Then you can simply run:

sudo dpkg -i exagear-guest-ubuntu-1204lts_9_all.deb

Alternatives.

Just type:

sudo dpkg -i

And you can just drag & drop .deb package into a terminal and hit Enter

Other way gdebi installer:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gdebi

Just right click on a file and choose install with gdebi or make it default for .deb packages and just double click on a file. Gdebi will automatically check for the dependencies and install the package.


Installing OpenJDK on (chr)Lubuntu 14.04 on Acer C710

Clean house and start from scratch see the excellent answer by Eric Carvalho on this page on how to clean up the mess.

Then open software center and install Open JDK Java 7 Runtime


How can I remove username from panel in 12.10?

The User Menu applet from the top panel was removed in 12.10, therefore by default, it does not display the logged in user’s name around the right-edge (in the system tray area) of the top panel.

Instead, the "cog wheel" menu at the top right corner, displays a list of users to quickly switch sessions.

Thus, you don't need to do anything to remove the logged in user's name from the top panel.

Now, if you've tweaked your installation and used Dconf Editor to show your user name on the top panel, just navigate to apps → indicator-session and uncheck "show-real-name-on-panel".

From the terminal, you can show the logged in user's name by running command below:

gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session show-real-name-on-panel true

and this to remove the user name:

gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session show-real-name-on-panel false

Sources:

http://www.hecticgeek.com/2012/10/make-ubuntu-12-10-display-user-name-on-top-panel-tip/
http://handytutorial.com/ubuntu-12-10-show-username-on-unity-panel/


How to avoid the reinstallation of VirtualBox Guest Additions on every kernel upgrade of guest Ubuntu to have clipboard and draganddrop?

Try to remove Guest Additions, installed using the ISO file provided by the host with

sudo /opt/VBoxGuestAdditions-5.1.38/uninstall.sh

and then install the following deb-packages directly available in your guest Ubuntu

sudo apt install virtualbox-guest-x11 virtualbox-guest-utils

This should give you the same features than installing manually the guest addition.


How do I update Kompozer through terminal

The latest version is kompozer (1:0.8~b3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2) in the Precise Universe repositories.

To be sure, start

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

and check the version with

apt-cache policy kompozer

Note that Kompozer was dropped from the repositories for newer Ubuntu releases. 12.04 was the last release with Kompozer.


Hidden Launch Bar wouldn't slide-out when moused over, now it won't hide away.

If you just want to reveal the Unity launcher with less trouble: increase the sensitivity under the Behavior tab of the Appearance window. You can find this, by clicking the cogwheel button from the top panel, click on System Settings... → Appearance → Behavior tab. From there adjust the reveal sensitivity.

Super is the keyboard shortcut to reveal the launcher and allows you to hit a number key to start an application.

The Superkey (Windows key, next to the left Alt) will reveal the launcher and you can get to the Dash from there where you can type in Appearance and start the app.


Suggestions for a GTK3 theme with round corners

How about the theme Mac OSX Yosemite? I like it. However corner radius is less a little and there no gradients used.

https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1013741/


How can I hook my Ubuntu laptop through HDMI into a TV as a second monitor, but only use the speakers on the TV?

No worries: LCD does not experience burn-in. Plasma displays will experience burn-in, but not LCD.

Another option would be to run audio cables into the TV when you are not using it as a display.


for a temporary solution, you may try 'Chromium Wheel Smooth Scroller' from the chrome web store. i got the same problem with the jumping websites and am the extentions provides settings to configure the speed etc.to scroll through sites. but it may not be the best solution.


Aptitude not asking for my consent when performing successive tasks

As with apt-get, aptitude will only ask for confirmation if it's going to install additional packages (like dependencies). You can make it always prompt for a single run with the -P option:

$ sudo aptitude -P install wavpack
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  wavpack
0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 29 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/68.3 kB of archives. After unpacking 160 kB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] n
Abort.

Or you can make it always prompt on every run by executing:

echo 'Aptitude::CmdLine::Always-Prompt "true";' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/05aptitude

These options are aptitude specific, however; they will not work with apt or apt-get.


What script to use if I want to examine .bashrc file. In other words, to know if it is in use or not?

There are two issues here:

You want only to check if a file is being accessed now in any manner
You want to monitor a file for changes, like keeping a continuous watch

For case 1:

You can use fuser or lsof, these are the common tools for this:

lsof ~/.bashrc

or

fuser ~/.bashrc

Check man lsof and man fuser

For case 2:

If you want to have a continuous check, Linux provides inotify family of system calls to monitor any filesystem events.

So you can add a continuous watch by the -m (--monitor) option of inotifywait:

inotifywait -m ~/.bashrc

From here, you can take actions e.g. run a command if a specific event e.g. read or write takes place.

There are also many options and use cases, take a look at man inotifywait. You might need to install inotify-tools first.


Ubuntu 20.04 says that Wi-Fi is connected but doesn't allow me to connect to the internet

The gateway 192.168.0.1 does not exist and the correct gateway is 192.168.1.1.  Since this is configured to use DHCP, the router is likely configured incorrectly and would need to be addressed there.
You could also manually set your IP address in the IPv4 tab of the settings for this connection.  Set the IP to a value between 192.168.1.2 and 192.168.1.99, the netmask to 255.255.255.0 and the gateway to 192.168.1.1.
Manually fixing the route would be
route del default gw 192.168.0.1
and route add default gw 192.168.1.1


ssh still reporting old version after upgrading openssh-client and openssh-server

Your output seems to conclusively show that you ARE using the latest package for 20.04.
A Debian-based system can have only a single version of a package installed. In Ubuntu, newer versions overwrite older.
For your 20.04 system, http://packages.ubuntu.com comfirms that the newest openssh-client and openssh-server package version is 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.2...which is what both your outputs say is running.
Perhaps the discrepancy that you are looking at is the date instead of the version number. The older date on ssh -V refers to the upstream version release, not the Ubuntu patch date.
Ubuntu LTS releases do not bump to the newest version of ssh -- that would break workflows. Instead, vulnerabilities (identified by a CVE) are patched by the Ubuntu Security Team, often using the upstream patch provided for exactly this purpose. This is a standard and accepted industry practice.

Example: Ubuntu 18.04 uses ssh 7.6, fully patched.
You can have the latest ssh by using the latest (non-LTS) version of Ubuntu.

Your security metric should be accordingly adjusted.


Permission denied when running Docker after installing it as a Snap

This is from the GitHub page, did you try these exact steps:

If you are using Ubuntu Core 16,

Connect the docker:home plug as it's not auto-connected by default:

$ sudo snap connect docker:home

If you are using an alternative snap-compatible Linux distribution ("classic" in snap lingo), and would like to run docker as a normal user:

Create and join the docker group.

$ sudo addgroup --system docker
$ sudo adduser $USER docker
$ newgrp docker

You will also need to disable and re-enable the docker snap if you added the group while it was running.

$ sudo snap disable docker
$ sudo snap enable docker

From Docker snap github


/etc/environment: line 2: PATH: No such file or directory

I think I figured out a fix.

My /etc/environment had the CLASSPATH variable set to my previous openJDK installation. Recently I installed Oracle JDK manually and removed openJDK. But somehow /etc/environment contained the old CLASSPATH value.

But what wonders me is that the issue appeared just recently that I could install/remove packages successfully even after my java re-installation.

Thanks @gertvdijk for your insight. :)


Directory structure based auto-updating video library application

XBMC Media Center

To install it via command-line:

Update the apt cache: sudo apt-get update
Install XMBC Media Center: sudo apt-get install xbmc

To run it via command-line:

Run xbmc: xbmc


Mail server: shall I set up a sub-domain name?

You would only need a virtual domain in Apache if you're going to run some type of webmail application (SquirrelMail, Roundcube, etc.)

The hostname  of host.example.net is important for a couple of reasons. First, it allows you to assign specific services such as mail and web requests for your domain to be routed to particular servers if you need those services running on dedicated servers. Second, it allows that manipulation to be done in your DNS records rather than having to try routing specific ports to specific machines once the traffic reaches your network.

Just make sure that you put an MX record entry in your DNS records so that mail service is properly routed. The MX record can point to your actual hostname or it can refer to a CNAME record that points to your hostname.

A FQDN is any domain name that resolves to an actual hostname IP address.

EDIT
To clarify an example of DNS records you would need, it would look something like:

example.net           IN  A      12.34.56.78
server01.example.net  IN  A      12.34.56.78
mail.example.net      IN  MX     server01.example.net
www.example.net       IN  CNAME  example.net

I'm ignoring the TTL and the MX priority values as you will set those when modifying your DNS and can use the default TTL value; an MX priority of 10 is pretty standard.


"sudo snap install android-studio --classic" trying to install android studio I got the following error:

It is connection problem. You need to have good internet connection.
Please try it again after you connected to a good network.


How can I add an addional option to open URLs from GnomeTerminal using Chrome's "incognito" mode?

Unfortunately this cannot be easily done.

The entire GNOME ecosystem (and probably other popular desktops too) knows the concept of one associated application per protocol or MIME type. Applications such as GNOME Terminal just call the gtk_show_uri() method on the URL, which opens it with the associated application.

In Settings (that is, gnome-control-center) -> Details -> Default Applications you can set the one application that handles Web (http, https) links. Under the hood, this modifies your ~/.config/mimeapps.list file. Inside this file, under its Default Applications section you'll see a line like text/html=chromium-browser.desktop, referring to the /usr/share/applications/chromium-browser.desktop file.

Whereas the latter file can (and does) define various Desktop Actions (one for private mode), there's no existing convenient infrastructure I'm aware of to propagate the available actions back to the application (such as GNOME Terminal) to let it pick one, and then open the URL using that action.

It would be a nice feature, though, if it was consistently supported throughout the entire GNOME desktop. I think it first requires infrastructure work in core components such as GTK+ and perhpas even the .desktop file specification, and then apps like GNOME Terminal could adapt it. Unfortunately it's not really feasible for GNOME Terminal to work around the existing infrastructure and implement it itself. I'd love if you filed this feature request for GNOME (although I cannot guarantee that its developers would love it too), and I'd be happy to adjust GNOME Terminal whenever it's available.

One thing you can do is, if you'd like to open all the URLs in incognito mode, is to create a corresponding new desktop file (where Chrome is launched in incognito mode by default), and make it your default handler for web addresses.

Another approach you could take is to modify gnome-terminal's source. Duplicate whatever you find around the keywords open-match, open_match, terminal_util_open_url and open_url to have an incognito mode counterpart. At the end of open_url_incognito (or whatever you name it) you'd replace gtk_show_uri() by manually launching whatever external process you wish to launch, taking care of properly quoting/escaping the URL if necessary.

Yet another workaround, which you've presumably been doing already, is to select Copy Link from GNOME Terminal's menu, and then paste it into an incognito browser's URL bar. I understand you're looking for a more convenient method, and I'm sorry to say that it doesn't exist.


apt-get and -d option (download only) - what about packages to be removed?

If you specify -d to apt-get, it'll just download packages, nothing else. It won't install or remove anything, even if your command implicitly removes some packages. For  example,
 if you "install" (with -d) package that requires removing another package; this is the case with Apache workers (and many other packages too).


Ubuntu 16.04 Cinnamon DE battery applet broken

i guess i found an trick...
download another applet called battery monitor.
this applet is a little ugly (green background)
then after, insert a pen drive and wait until shows a new nautilus window.
go to computer, select view hidden files and search applet (all files)
find battery monitor folder and select and open with gedit stylesheet.css
the solution is removing background color line... save the file and reboot the system.


I think I am still having a similar bug on my 12.04 LTS system.  For now, restarting nm-applet works for me, as described in this link.

alex@alex-desktop:~$ ps -A | grep nm-applet
21903 ? 00:00:00 nm-applet
alex@alex-desktop:~$ kill 21903
alex@alex-desktop:~$ nohup nm-applet &
[1] 22476
alex@alex-desktop:~$ nohup: ignoring input and appending output to `nohup.out'
alex@alex-desktop:~$

Certainly this is not a fix, but it's a quick way to get nm-applet working again (for me).  In fact, when I'm lazy, I can just start a new instance of nm-applet without killing the old one.  Maybe someone call tell me why that's a dangerous idea, but for now it's helping!


Is your "internet" bandwidth 72Mbps?

or -

Is your internal LAN segment (or wireless segment) giving you 72Mps?

If your house is typical then there would be a DSL/CableModem feeding a local wifi router.

What does speedtest.net show you for internet speed.


How can I switch between workspaces with 3 fingers touchpad in Ubuntu 14.04?

Your touchpad is probably a Focaltech or an Elantech. They can report up to 5-finger actions.

The kernel module reports only positions of the fingers. All kinds of "actions" like "swipes", "scrolls", "taps", etc. are detected and interpreted by user space drivers.

In Ubuntu xserver-xorg-input-synaptics is used. It can detect only 2-finger swipes, vertical and horizontal.

There is no code that detects 3-finger swipes. The only way to add this feature is to code it into the user space driver.

There is another user space driver libinput, that will be used in future releases of Ubuntu and is currently used in some other Linux distributions, e.g. Fedora.

It can be installed to Ubuntu this way. But the problem is that it can be installed only through xserver-xorg. That is way it does not increase overall functionality, if I got the method right.

But it is worth testing.

In some other desktop environments like Wayland it may be possible.


Why does nm-applet icon still animated after connection?

I have the same problem in Ubuntu 15.04, and while I do not have the solution to the underlying problem, I find the following usually puts a stop to that annoying animation without having to restart the computer:

sudo service network-manager restart


Nvidia GPU is not workin on Ubuntu 18.04.3

It seems this was fixed with an update.

Yesterday I changed to the Nvidia GPU (just for curiosity) and then I rebooted my PC. Now it is working as it used! Since I have not changed anything I assume an update fixed this.


Smaller file size for Audio-Record Ogg profile?

To manipulate the size of your output file you will need to modify the quality settings (leave rate and channels as they are). The GStreamer vorbisenc 'allowed' settings range from -0.1 to 1:

-0.1 = lowest quality and smallest file size
1 = highest quality and largest file size

Just a matter of experimenting a little and finding the right balance for your system and for your ears...

References:

GStreamer Docs: vorbisenc


Reduced audio quality on Bluetooth headset during calls in comparison to mac OS

I just found out that this is a missing feature/bug in pulseaudio. See this ticket for more details: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pulseaudio/+bug/1838151

For now there is nothing left to do except for waiting for an update (or supporting the developer in their effort).


I used to have such problems with 11.04. When I have such problems, I make sure that the hardware switch for the WiFi is not off and then I suspend and resume. Every time, it always work. I guess the problem is with the WiFi drivers in the kernels that work out of the box.


Windows 7 / Ubuntu dual-boot and able to access windows partitions on both os

Ubuntu does have support for NTFS file system, so reading and writing is not a problem. But to access ubuntu partition from windows you need to use some extra software such as http://sourceforge.net/projects/ext2read/ .


Ethernet connection not recognized and no WiFi options are displayed

Your pci.id of 168c:0041 is not included in kernel version 4.2.0-xx. Let's install a newer kernel version:

wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.4.8-wily/linux-headers-4.4.8-040408-generic_4.4.8-040408.201604200335_amd64.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.4.8-wily/linux-headers-4.4.8-040408_4.4.8-040408.201604200335_all.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.4.8-wily/linux-image-4.4.8-040408-generic_4.4.8-040408.201604200335_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb
sudo -i
echo "options ath10k_core skip_otp=y"  >  /etc/modprobe.d/ath10k_core.conf
exit

Reboot. If the correct firmware is installed, the wireless should now be working.