append a word to the end of a line in txt file

You could use the following awk program:

awk -v s=" OK" '/OK$/ { print; } !/OK$/ { print $0 s; s=""; }'

It works like this:

/OK$/ { print; }

prints out any line ending in OK as is, whereas

!/OK$/ { print $0 s; s=""; }

prints out any line not ending in OK with the value of variable s appended.

Variable s initially is the string ' OK'. It changes to the empty string after the first encounter of a line not ending in OK.

Update

Even more concisely:

awk -v s=" OK" '!/OK$/ { print $0 s; s=""; } /OK$/'

eliminates the { print; } action for the /OK$/ condition, as { print; } is the default action.

Correction

Looking at the question again, it does not say the OK should be added to the first line not having OK, but instead to the first line not having an OK which follows a line that does have an OK. So, we must keep a variable, c that flags that at least one OK line has been seen, and a variable d that flags that we are done:

awk ' /OK$/ { if (!d) c=1; }
     !/OK$/ { if (c) d=1; }
     c && d { s=" OK"; c=0; }
     { print $0 s; s=""; }'


GUI-less music player with auto-updating library

XMMS2

This command line player is a further development from XMMS. It comes with many features such as:

  play your music.
  manage your music library
  use collections to help you organise your music as you like
  allow you to control it using a variety of clients.
  from the XMMS2 Wiki

There also is a lot of information on how to develop a client for XMMS2.

Another source of information on how things could be done in Python is the Exaile project.


Ubuntu downloads very slow. I don't find solution. help me please.

Not sure if it'll solve your problem or not but you can try this downloader (which is actually a firefox addon): https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/downthemall . After you install this go to tools>DownloadThemAll! Tools>Manager (in firefox only).


Wifi Connectivity, eth0 and wlan0 interface?

With DHCP, computers request IP addresses and networking parameters automatically from a DHCP server, reducing the need for a network administrator or a user to configure these settings manually.

So your eth0 and your wlan0 connection will not all ways have the same ip address it may change each time you disconnect and reconnect to the internet since the ip addresses are assigned automatically.

Eth0 and wlan0 are not assigned by your ip, eth0 and wlan0 are device names assigned by ubuntu.

Eth0 is your ehternet connection and wlan0 is your wireless connection but sometimes wlan0 might be called eth1 instead it all depends on the driver your wireless card is using.


How do I fix boot problems that show error "battery state"?

I settled my problems with the long long procedure like listed here below. Hopeful that first time Linux users will appreciate to follow this excursion into the most powerful piece of an OS, the terminal window - instead of discarding LINUX forever after a first deception of this kind: "out of range".

See the same TRUE computing for all MS-Windows versions here:

http://aha7.com/ppp-en/cbwd-dos4win-en.htm

(Hence your instant re-activation of the now hidden and disguised "terminal window" inside all versions of MS-Window since 15 years.)

(Text modified 1 day later by the original author, only layout etc., to make it easier to reproduce the command line examples)

The main remaining question after the procedure (described here below) is:

I am a 10++ years LINUX user but not an expert. (Mainly Red Hat / Fedora.)

If the experts among the users of this site can add some additional information, this would be fine.
It would be of interest what really has happened. Possibly, the NVIDIA drivers just were not yet aware of a new hardware...
Perhaps, in such cases, now a driver package should be installed or updated?

I finally had to disable the most efficient of the NVIDIA drivers, perhaps due to their temporary problems. Will the existing new updated NVIDIA drivers now work properly? Atr perhaps installing them: Would I have to remove them instantly by the same procedure like - among othrs - described here below?

Now to the facts:

VERSION:

Ubuntu 11.10 - supplied with the periodical ct_Linux (Germany).

Hardware:

The problem apparently occurs for various hardware types. This specification of my hardware is only in order to have a sample case.
New, just bought, and so far no reason to suppose any hardware fault:

MAINBOARD:     Gigybyte M68MZ-D3P
CPU:     AMD Athlon II X2 250 3GHz  (take-over from reseller specification)
CHIPSET: NVIDIA GeForce 7025nForce 620a
GRAPHICS:  Onboard - 1x D-Sub port   (Connector: only VGA)
RAM:   2x   2 GB

HARD DISK: 750 GB, 13 partitions.
- /dev/sda1 =51 GB - exr4 - UBUNTU 11.10 installed
- /dev/sda2 =51 GB - ext4 - planned for Linux Fedora 16 (=Red Hat)
- /dev/sda3 =101 GB - FAT32 - reserve - for MS-Win
- the following ones for data, average size 50 GB -

MONITOR 1:   new 24'' :  ASUS VH 242H -- data taken from reseller specification:
LCD .- 23.6" - 1920x1080 - 300cd - 5ms - 20000:1 - HDMI - DVI-D - VGA - HDCP

MONITOR 2: (exactly the same boot problem...)
old - 17" - standard LCD - Manufacturer or product name: "e-yama" -

(1) First: Test done with the LIVE version of UBUNTU 11.10: - 64b version -

No problem. Apparently works and properly displays as 1920x1080.
2 h software tests done, including Terminal, Firefox, Thunderbird, Gimp, Emacs, Kate (added).
 - All was and is apparently perfect.

(2) Installed:  UBUNTU 11.10: - 64b version

This included the creation of partitions
installed in /dev/sda1 (size  51 GB) -
No problem stated during all steps of installing UBUNTU.

Internet access during installation =YES.

But automatic updates during installation: NOT permitted (disabled).

PC Boot placed on:  sda

On /dev/sda1   :     /

(This first HD partition will also hold all main directories von UBUNTU. I am using the PC only as am OS + Tool provider; my software creates a layer for computing on exteral devices with generalized OS portability.)

(3) Test of the installed version: "out of range"

After installation, then during the first boot:

The integrated monitor software displays: "out of range - Samsung".
This is INSTANTLY after the BIOS message like "starting OS" or so.

There is no way to intervene, even not seconds, to interrupt for instructions or so.

Waiting several minutes during the ongoing boot procedure : This does not result in any change - nothing happens.

(4) Test of the installed version: With key "Enter"

When switching the monitor OFF,
the key Enter results in some hard disk accesses. - Then switching the monitor to ON again: No effect - continuing monitor error messages.

One single time, for this kind of booting, I received instantly the message list in something like resolution 800/600 or lower, withPC halting after these 3 messages:

"Starting bluetooth"

"Pulsaudio... "

"checking battery state"

(5) Test on 17" monitor "e-yama" of the installed version: "out of range"

The boot procedure also did not succeed. It resulted in the same error message "out of range".

(6.1) Again with the UBUNTU LIVE version, boot from DVD:

Still worked properly - like above (1); even if NOT being connected to the Internet.

So all for a proper display for the used graphics hardware is surely included on the DVD, and detected automatically.

We just have a configuration problem during the initial boot from the hard disk.

=== now I opend the terminal window:
(here in detail as a help for first time LINUX users:)

From the menu (left column, Top location: "dash"
to the list of ALL applications. There clicked on "terminal".
This now enables access to the installed version.

(6.2) checked from UBUNTU LIVE the installed version:

created during LIVE session in the LIVE file tree, as follows: (directory naming conforming to my personal habits:)

sudo  mkdir  /m ;

sudo  mkdir /m/a01

sudo  mount   /dev/sda1  /m/a01

=== There is in fact the installed UBUNTU.

(6.3) show configuration of   X11 :

=== show X11 config of HD version: command:

cat     /m/a01/etc/X11/xorg.conf

=== result:

Section "Device"

            Identifier          "Default Device"

            Optin   "NoLogo"   "True"

EndSection

=== show X11 config of LIVE  version: command:    ls     /m/a01/etc/X11/xorg.conf

=== result:   file not found

=== Probably no need to change this: Because THIS configuration ("the current lack of such configuration") is probably not related to the boot problem. (??????????????)

(6.4) show the configuration definition of   grub :

cat     /m/a01/etc/default/grub

=== the result: Shows among others the following lines:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

=== In fact, from my DVD version, for the created UBUNTU installation, this line was outcommented, like shown here above.

(6.5) show the created configuration file of   grub :

cat     /m/a01/boot/grub/grub.cfg

=== show its creation date:

ls -l    /m/a01/boot/grub/grub.cfg

=== the result shows among others the following lines:

export linux_gfx_mode

if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" "= "text"]; ]; then load_video: fi

(71) Set boot to the very basic monitor default:

REMARK: No success for (71) and (72). - Therefore (73) later here below will be required:

=== edit the setting, as follows:

sudo pico   /m/a01/etc/default/grub

=== there remove the  # from the line:

GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

=== check if content and date have changed:

ls -l   /m/a01/etc/default/grub

cat   /m/a01/etc/default/grub

(72) Try to create the corresponding configuration file grub.cfg :

=== walk into the target directory:   cd  /m/a01/boot/grub

=== check current date and size: ls -l  grub.cfg

=== The date shoul be that of installation - and the stated file size was 5447 bytes.

=== View what you plan to do:  update-grub --help

(... I am not sure if that display perfectly fits to the action...)

=== create a dated backup:  cp -pf grub.cfg gru_b-2011-11-20_12h.cfg

=== then try to write a new one:    sudo  /m/a01/usr/sbin/update-grub

=== -  hoping that relative adressing will do the job properly and that the running LIVE environment has no influence on the future file content...

=== resulting message:

/usr/sbin/grub-probe: Error: cannot find a device for   /  (is /dev mounted?),

... did not work.... hence the next step is required:

(73) Force boot to the very basic monitor default, within grub.cfg

=== edit manually:  sudo pico  grub.cfg

=== insert the following line (just before line:   " export linux_gfx_mode ")

set linux_gfx_mode=text

=== check if properly done:         cat   grub.cfg

(81) The first boot from the installed HD version after this modification:

leaving UBUNTU LIVE, starting with the version on the HD (=desktop PC)

During this boot, the control displays terminated with these 3 lines:

"Starting bluetooth"

"Pulsaudio... "

"checking battery state"

 (82)  Solving the problem with the "battery state"

The problem solution was found on askubuntu.com , in:
Boot hangs after "Checking battery state..."

There I found the helpful key information:

"Got the same problem when something went wrong with my nvidia drivers.

Wait to the checking battery state comes up.
Try to go to a terminal login screen by pressing alt + F5
Then remove the nvidia driver by typing:

sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia-173 nvidia-current

Restart by typing: sudo shutdown -r now

" - (end of message)

On my PC, this was applied with the following result:

Only nividia-173 was found - and I ordered its removal, which dropped 34.2 MB (MB, not KB)

 (82)  Next boot: Nearly everything is o.k.

There is just a message, on the Ubuntu start page, that hardware-specific drivers might improve the result, e.g. for 3D effects display.

I intend to wait with this several months, in order to be sure that NVIDIA driver updates will then perhaps have learnt to deal with the used hardware combination.


You can use "unzip -l zip-file-name.zip" to list the contents of the zip file, pipe its output to grep and then use grep to check if the list contains the file you are looking for.

unzip -l file.zip|grep file.class


Accessing Ubuntu-based VPS from my Ubuntu 14.04 LTS PC

You must install openssh-server on your ubuntu-vps

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/openssh-server.html


IP redirection for apache in virtual hosts

Yes you cam make it.

Open the file /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

sudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

navigate through the file to the line

DocumentRoot /var/www/

replace this with your path to be the default for example if you like /var/www/1, it becomes

DocumentRoot /var/www/1/

Now restart apache2

sudo service apache2 restart

Then open browser and enter your IP and enjoy


Will the Linux clock fail at January 19, 2038 3:14:08?

No, it will not fail. In the worst case, from the viewpoint of a programmer it will work as expected: it will be reseted to date 1901-12-13 20:45:52:

This in case you will not update your current distributions until this happens. "Updating is easy. One of these updates will surely contain a fix." like chocobai said.

I remember that it was the same problem/question with 16-bit machines before 2000 and in the end it wasn't any problems.

A solution from Wikipedia:

  Most operating systems designed to run on 64-bit hardware already use signed 64-bit time_t integers. Using a signed 64-bit value introduces a new wraparound date that is over twenty times greater than the estimated age of the universe: approximately 292 billion years from now, at 15:30:08 on Sunday, 4 December 292,277,026,596. The ability to make computations on dates is limited by the fact that tm_year uses a signed 32 bit int value starting at 1900 for the year. This limits the year to a maximum of 2,147,485,547 (2,147,483,647 + 1900). While this solves the problem for executing programs, it does not solve the problem of storing date values within binary data files, many of which employ rigid storage formats. It also doesn't solve the problem for 32-bit programs running under compatibility layers and may not solve the problem for programs that incorrectly store time values in variables of types other than time_t.

I use Ubuntu 13.04 on 64-bit and, by curiosity, I changed manually the time to 2038-01-19 03:13:00. After 03:14:08 nothing had happened:

So there is nothing to be concerned about this problem.

More about:

Year 2038 problem - Wikipedia.
End of Time (Unix) - Numberphile.


Access denied for user 'debian-sys-maint'@'localhost' (using password: YES) while connecting to the MySQL server

First stop the service

sudo service mysql stop

We avoided asking for the password

mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

Login

mysql -u root

We select mysql database

use mysql;

Then change the password

update user set password=PASSWORD("newpassword") where user='root';
flush privileges;

Exit

quit;

By last

service mysql stop
service mysql start

Access again with the new password and root user.

To change the password of your user, debian-sys-maint repeats step 5.

Forgive my English is not my native language


how to include wildcard characters in cp command

You can do it using find + cp:

find Workspace/unzipped_workspace/artifactory -name files -exec cp {} ./ \;

This command does not need * since it will match all files named files in Workspace/unzipped_workspace/artifactory


How to copy into with cp if destination folder already exists?

The -T flag (AKA --no-target-directory) does what you want:

$ cp -R --verbose -T /tmp/a /tmp/b
`/tmp/a/file1' -> `/tmp/b/file1'
`/tmp/a/file2' -> `/tmp/b/file2'


The OP solved the problem and posted the solution in a comment:

  I solved it by creating a boot partition with gparted at the very
  beginning off the raid hdd (first 1 GB). I installed grub there and
  everything was ok then.

– Andreas Mar 5 at 11:22


Cron emails no longer going to local 'chuck' account

You just installed 3 different applications providing sendmail in addition to most likely screw the config file of postfix, maybe more?

However, it is no real disaster, as you sound slightly new to this topic would I suggest that you do a sudo apt-get purge sendmail postfix ssmtp.

Then decide on which one of the to install again. If you decide to go with postfix, pick local-only. If i don't remember wrong, postfix will set the domain to localhost.


If u have an iso, try converting it into UDRW format. The following command will help u convert:-

hdiutil convert -format UDRW -o destination_file.img source_file.iso

U will get a .img.dmg

Then, clear all the data on your USB device and copy the image to the USB stick.
later, try this

$ dd if=destination_file.img.dmg of=/dev/disk2 bs=1m

wait till it completes and then eject using,

$ diskutil eject /dev/disk2

Hope this helps! :)


How can I define the order of start and stop of Linux services?

You are probably looking for Upstart. Upstart stanza start on can establish the order services are started.

In the example you proposed, NTP doesn't have an upstart script so you should create it and define the start stanza:

start on started mysql

Of course, mysql should have a upstart job too. There are pretty cool things, for example if you need to start a job when a internet connection get up:

start on net-device-up IFACE!=lo

This start the job when any network device, besides lo, is up.

References:

http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/#start-on
http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/#event
http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/#really-understanding-start-on-and-stop-on (here is the example about mysql)


Can't bootstrap with Juju due to " error back from server: 401 UNAUTHORIZED"

401 is essentially letting you know you're credentials are not clearing at the MAAS level. Make sure your SSH key from both machines are enlisted in MAAS, and that you removed ~/.juju/environments/maas.jenv from your machine as it caches information.


How do I fix this giant gap in my toolbar?

Left of the up arrow there are 3 gray stripes under eachother.
Drag them to the right and the icons will follow.

Rightclick and choose 'lock to panel' first otherwise it does not move.

edit: you are probably just aiming left or right of the 3 stripes.It is a rather narrow margin. Your popup shows up when you rightclick on an empty space on the panel.


How to configure VNC server to get full Gnome desktop?

Few people know this, but Ubuntu already comes with everything you need.

Just search in the menus:

Vino: this is the server application; there is a configuration UI that lets you configure. Use this in your desktop computer.
Remmina: the client. If your client is not Ubuntu, you have to use some other application. Remmina is very cool because you can setup tunnels and etc directly.

Notice this comes installed only for Ubuntu proper. For XUbuntu or other distributions, you will need to install these tools. Also, Vino may not work in Wayland -- I would use 16.04 or 18.04.


How to change font size of subtitles in totem movie player

In Totem go to: Edit → Preferences and here you can set font and size.


Why is "*" appended to apt-get purge package_name?

According to the manual page for apt-get it indicates;
APT-GET(8)                            APT                           APT-GET(8)

NAME
       apt-get - APT package handling utility -- command-line interface

       remove
           remove is identical to install except that packages are removed
           instead of installed. Note the removing a package leaves its
           configuration files in system. If a plus sign is appended to the
           package name (with no intervening space), the identified package
           will be installed instead of removed.

       purge
           purge is identical to remove except that packages are removed and
           purged (any configuration files are deleted too).
That explains the difference between remove and purge. Basically remove will only remove the package whilst not touching nor changing the config files where purge will remove everything relating to the package including the configuration files.
Having said that; clipit* with a * indicates that it will remove the said package & all its includes (config files.. etc) accordingly.
Examples;
remove - If you're removing skype, chrome.. etc or any other package that holds configuration files inside your /home/user directory. Those will not be removed.
purge - Further, if you use this on bind, mysql, squid.. etc or any packages that stores configuration files in their respective location such as /etc.. well, those will be deleted.


How can I monitor the output of an already running program?

The usual way to read application's outputs is running them from terminal. Some programs have a --quiet option to reduce output, some have an additional --verbous option to view as much as possible (that depends on the code). Still, some programs write a log file to see what happened.

This is all very different from software to software. Thus a general answer to your question cannot be given.

For PulseAudio there is a wiki on how to log output.


I found this thread after searching for exactly the same error.  The only difference is that I am trying to create a RAID10 array and install Ubuntu, but I don't think that should matter much.

The answer I found is painfully simple..."Failed to execute child process 'mdadm'(No such file of directory)..." is the giveaway.  The package mdadm is not installed.

So ... I'm using the Ubuntu Desktop 14.04 Live CD and did "sudo apt-get install mdadm"

Happy RAID creating!  My RAID is sync'ing after building using the Disk Utility.  I hope this works for you.

Cheers!


Why wont steam launch? Please help! Ubuntu 15.04

Try this to install openGL:

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev


Ubuntu 16.04 won't accept password if typed slow

In Ubuntu go into settings > Universal Access > Typing

Make sure everything is unchecked there.

Additional Information :

Keyboard navigation — Use applications and the desktop without a mouse.
Manage repeated key presses — Make the keyboard not repeat letters when you hold down a key, or change the delay and speed of
repeat keys.
Turn on bounce keys — Ignore quickly-repeated key presses of the same key.
Turn on slow keys — Have a delay between a key being pressed and that letter appearing on the screen.
Turn on sticky keys — Type keyboard shortcuts one key at a time rather than having to hold down all of the keys at once.
Use an on-screen keyboard — Use an on-screen keyboard to enter text by clicking buttons with the mouse or a touchscreen.

Reference : Ubuntu : Universal Acces


Switching to NVIDIA binary driver - version 352.63 from nvidia-352 and then restarting fixed the issue.


highly unstable 4k 60Hz monitor display ubuntu 20.04

I changed my cable, used a HDMI-HDMI instead of DVI-HDMI and it worked right away.. :)


no wired or wireless networking on new install

A few things to try.

Ensure your interface is enabled in the bios.
ensure hardware switches are on

Issue the below command to find your hardware.

lspci

To obtain less results you can also try

lspci |grep Ethernet

Execute jockey to see if there are any additional drivers you need to install

jockey-gtk

From this information you can search the various forums for your Ethernet chipset to  find installation procedures.

For your wireless issue the command to see if hardware or software is bocking your driver from working.

rfkill list


Wine1.7 cannot be uninstalled completely

Try

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

sudo ppa-purge ppa:wine/wine-builds

Source:

http://linuxdaddy.com/blog/install-wine-1-9-on-ubuntu/


How to print using wireless to a Canon MG6150?

When you added the printer, was it connected by USB at the time?

You may need to force it to find it wirelessly by unplugging the printer and then doing "Add -> Network Printer -> Find Network Printer". This worked for me with a Canon MG6250.


As of 14 March 2017, adding zesty to your apt sources:

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty main restricted

and apt-get install nvidia-375 appears to work and not drag in unrelated packages from zesty. Consider it experimental (zesty isn't due to release for another month) but perhaps less troublesome than the full purge-and-upstream approach that you'd have previously needed.


How to change the purple background color in grub?

This is my way:

Before 13.10:

sudo -H gedit /lib/plymouth/themes/default.grub

13.10 and later:

sudo -H gedit /lib/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo/ubuntu-logo.grub

16.04 and later:

sudo -H gedit /usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo/ubuntu-logo.grub

17.10 and later:

sudo -H gedit /usr/share/plymouth/themes/default.grub

And change the grub background color as you want, in my case I change grub background to black (0,0,0)

if background_color 0,0,0 ; then
   clear
fi

Then, update grub

sudo update-grub

Please note that: there should be a space after the color value, other wise you will always get a black background. And as a gift, try using this value 35,00,60.


does umake update its applications automatically?

No.

Automatic update is not supported by umake. You need to reinstall software when a new version becomes available (unless the software package itself has built in update functionality).

Umake simply downloads the latest version available from the official websites and doesn't give you much option in terms of versioning (besides sometimes having a stable and a beta version).


If you look at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootOptions there is an option F6 where you can disable acpi. I would try that first. Unless of course you get a normal start screen, you can then safely ignore the acpi line.


Accessing a remote file via ssh on Ubuntu 12.04

What do you mean by "read" the file?  If you just want to echo the contents back to the STDOUT, then this should do it.

ssh user@remoteHostName 'tail -f /myDirectory/myFile.txt'

That should work if you have SSH set up properly, "user" is a valid user on your remote host, and the -f flag on the tail command will allow it to view a file as it grows.


Boot from the Ubuntu USB installation media you have created.
Highlight Try Ubuntu without installing - press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press the F10 key to boot into the Live desktop.
Click on Install Ubuntu to start the installation.

When finished boot into the installed Ubuntu operating system.
Highlight the Ubuntu GRUB menu entry - press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press the F10 key to boot into Ubuntu system.
Now install the NVIDIA drivers and reboot ...


can't suspend to RAM any more after upgrade to 14.04

Try to run this script from terminal:

sudo ./etc/acpi/sleep.sh

Also you can try smartly puts your computer to sleep (suspend to RAM or disk)

sudo hibernate-ram


The open source radeon driver is now installed by default. The amdgpu-pro driver is installed only for supported cards, that you can find here and the 530 isn't a card that is supported by that driver

You can confirm this by using:

lspci -nnk | grep -i vga -A3 | grep 'in use'


This article explains it best with mockups, etc. The jist of it is though. Much like the new Indicator Applet, Windicators will actually be an Indicator that sits on the window likely occupying whatever space the window controls (Min, Max, Close) aren't. They can display status messages like whether the current screen isn't save, the application is busy, or a variety of other indicators. This should take the guess work out of some applications and help streamline others - the intent upon which is to make the UI more accessible to the user.


How to enable kernel core dumps on Ubuntu?

Never mind - I just remembered that linux kernels have "crash dumps" not "core dumps" unlike unix kernels, and that gave a more useful response from google.

https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/kernel-crash-dump.html


How to install latest version of Gmsh in Ubuntu 14.04.3?

The link which you have attached of Gmsh 2.10.1 is a pre-compiled version. It is very simple to use it. Below are the steps. (You need be root!)

Extract ==> tar zxvf gmsh-2.10.1-Linux64.tgz
gmsh-2.10.1-Linux folder (bin and share sub-folders inside) is be created after step 1.
sudo su (enter password)
cp gmsh-2.10.1-Linux/bin/gmsh /usr/bin/
cp -r gmsh-2.10.1-Linux/share/doc/gmsh /usr/share/doc/
cp gmsh-2.10.1-Linux/share/man/man1/gmsh.1 /usr/share/man/man1/

Viola! It's done! You know have the 2.10.1 version of Gmsh.

Check: type gmsh -version in the terminal

2.10.1 should be displayed!


This is a totally wrong approach. The HTML file does nothing, it is a Markup language, that instructs a browser how to show you different elements. What you need it is a PHP, ASP, CGI, etc script that uses the system's shell to run arbitrary commands.


wifi stops working after sometime while being connected in ubuntu 18.04

Your wireless may be dropping because of power management; that is, the feature where the card partially powers down to save battery power during periods of inactivity and then, ideally, powers back up seamlessly when activity resumes. Let's disable power saving to see if it helps. From the terminal:

sudo sed -i 's/3/2/' /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/*

Your wireless may be dropping because the channel to which it was connected has suddenly changed because of autoselection.

Please check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I recommend a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred.

Your wireless may be dropping because there are two wireless access points with the same name and password. This is typical when you have a 2.4 gHz segment and a 5 gHz segment of the same router. Your wireless may be roaming, looking for a better connection. If this is the case, I suggest that you rename the access points; something like myrouter2.4 and myrouter5.

After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

sudo nano /etc/default/crda

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Is there any improvement?


When will Edubuntu 18.04 LTS be released?

Going by this March 2016 mailing list post, never.:

  That's why I'm announcing today that Edubuntu will NOT be releasing a
  16.04 LTS version. Instead, Jonathan and I will focus on ongoing support of Edubuntu 14.04 LTS until it goes EOL in April 2019.

  That's not to say that Edubuntu is dead, at least not yet.

  While Jonathan and I will solely focus on fulfilling our promise of
  support for Edubuntu 14.04 LTS, new contributors are absolutely
  welcome to take over the Edubuntu project and shape it to their
  liking.

  The two of us will be happy to sponsor any Edubuntu related uploads,
  will help new contributors get Edubuntu membership and then hold
  elections to setup a new Edubuntu Council which would finally take the
  whole project over from us.

  Should none of that happen by the time Ubuntu 17.10 is released,
  Jonathan and I will ask the Technical Board to revoke Edubuntu as an
  official flavour and will be removing any leftover packages from the
  archive, remove our seeds and any cdimage build integration,
  effectively removing Edubuntu from the Ubuntu release process.

There has been no further activity on the mailing list since April 2016, not counting spam. Nothing has happened since then, there have been further point releases for Ubuntu proper, but not Edubuntu. All told, the project appears dead.


Ubuntu 20.04 very slow, sometime hanging

BIOS
Asus EX-B460M-V5
You have BIOS 1401. There's a newer BIOS available, version 1604, dated 3/16/21, and can be downloaded here.
RAM
You may need more RAM. Add another one of these...

SWAP
We'll increase your 2G /swapfile to 4G, and revisit the performance metrics.

We'll currently leave your vm.swappiness at 60.
Note: Incorrect use of the rm and dd commands can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
In the terminal...
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=4096

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm 16G RAM and 4G swap

Edit /etc/fstab, using sudo -H gedit /etc/fstab or sudo pico /etc/fstab.
Confirm this /swapfile line in /etc/fstab... and confirm no other “swap” lines... use SPACES in this line... confirm NO TABS...
/swapfile  none  swap  sw  0  0

reboot                    # reboot and verify operation


I recommend the plugin "Zen Coding for Gedit" for fast HTML coding.


Can't unzip zip file in Terminal because of a single corrupted file

It's not that the file "copy.mp4" is corrupted, it is that the zip file itself has some damage.

You can attempt to fix the zip file:

zip -F /Volumes/9.25.17\ Backup/Documents.zip --out newfile.zip

and then attempt to extract the files from newfile.zip.  If this does not work, you can attempt a more comprehensive fix:

zip -FF /Volumes/9.25.17\ Backup/Documents.zip --out newfile.zip


Backlight controls stop working once X starts

Try this:

sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev*

Remove your xorg.conf file:

sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Re-install xorg:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 xserver-xorg-core

Configure xorg:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

Reboot:

sudo reboot

And that should work!

It is all here.


Close only the unresponsive split in a Byobu window?

Holy cow, Ctrl-F6 works. I was stuck withCtrl-F5 by reading the documents.


Can't access webmin from remote/local computer

I've just installed ubuntu server 18.4 with webmin installed too.

I was meet the same problem (i can access webmin from local but can't from LAN network). and I found out how to get it to work.

There's many guilds tell you to reconfig webmin to disable SSL but:

Just simply add "https://" before your server_ip. it will look like "https://192.168.1.100:10000"

At least, it worked for me.

Hope this help.


Does operating system scheduler affect the way how threads are executed

You need to set the number of processors to more than one in VirtualBox settings | System | Processor
You also need to set the BIOS to Virtualization (look under System Security settings).

That worked for me.


Error while processing package libsimgearcore2017.3.1

I've had the same problem, and I've solved it by creating missing directories:

sudo mkdir -p /usr/share/games/flightgear/Fonts
sudo apt install -f

After this, I don't seem to have apt problems any more.


Try installing this package with gdebi:
https://www.openprinting.org/download/printdriver/debian/dists/lsb3.2/contrib/binary-amd64/openprinting-gutenprint_5.2.7-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb


Here's the process.

Put the celeryd file inside /etc/init.d/
Make it executable

sudo chmod +x celeryd

Make it run on startup

sudo update-rc.d celeryd defaults
sudo update-rc.d celeryd enable <------- Are you currently missing this step?

Make it owned by root and have the correct permissions

sudo chown root:root celeryd
sudo chmod 777 celeryd


odd media mount issue possibly after windows update on dual boot system

Topical Solution
(Use on cuts, bruises, burns, wounds, but not blue screens; they bite back)

Add an entry in /etc/fstab that prevents auto-mounting of the concerned partition.

Get the UUID for the problematic partition
$ lsblk -no UUID /dev/nvme0n1p4
<long-hex-uuid-thingy-thing>

Add the following line to your /etc/fstab
# <comment-that-reminds-you-of-the-pain-you-went-through>
UUID=<long-hex-uuid-thingy-thing>   none   ntfs   defaults,noauto   0 0

(you can replace none above with a default mount point of choice. In fact, none is technically incorrect here, but works fine because of the noauto flag — until you try a guess-mount like sudo mount /dev/nvme0n1p4...)
Peace should then be restored in the universe

Surgery

First off, when you say “media folder,” I think you misunderstand what linux means by that; /media/<user-name> is the default mount location for drives mounted by <user-name> — i.e., somebody who isn’t the superuser, or an elevated daemon.
So by default, if said partition was not mounted at all on boot (or by any other elevated daemon) — not even R/O, one would expect it to get mounted in /media/<user-name> when one clicks on it in Nautilus (the file manager).
To the fact that your Windows system-partition wouldn’t auto-mount before this update, my best guess is that the update changed the GPT attributes of the partition. There is one (the 63rd bit or 0x8000000000000000) that Microsoft implements as a 'do not auto-mount' flag (which is what gdisk refers to it as too).
As for why the volume is being mounted as "Files" instead of "Windows"... that stumps me :/


unable to mount a NTFS SD card Ubuntu 18.04

Install these  tools and be happy:

sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils

not even a restart is needed


How do I configure sound devices in Skype 4.2 on 12.04 x64?

I had this problem 5 days ago after reinstalling Ubuntu 13.10 64 bit.
The problem is the fact that Skype is a multi-arch program, so if I’m not wrong it uses a mix of 32 bit and 64 bit libraries.
To solve the sound issue I just installed libpulse0:i386 package

sudo apt-get install libpulse0:i386

then reboot, and pulse-audio showed up in audio settings in skype.


Possibly bad video driver for AMD Radeon R7 graphics

Exactly the same issue: Can't resume after suspend
Using a laptop with AMD PRO A12-9800B APU, and Ubuntu 18.04 (actually Kubuntu; although this shouldn't really matter)
Realized that this might be a driver issue.
Managed to solve by the following steps:

Download Radeon R7 driver for Ubuntu 18.04 at the following link:
https://www.amd.com/en/support/kb/release-notes/rn-prorad-lin-18-40
Extract the package contents, by using the steps on:
https://amdgpu-install.readthedocs.io/en/amd-18.30/install-prereq.html
Install the drivers, by using the steps on:
https://amdgpu-install.readthedocs.io/en/amd-18.30/install-script.html

NOTE: If any of the packages fail to install, due to re-direction loops, you might have to install those packages manually.

After the installation is completed successfully, reboot.
This issue should now be resolved.


You can get to the Grub 2 menu by holding the Shift key down on startup and not letting it go until the menu appears.


Files downloaded from my Ubuntu server appear to be treated as text, regardless of their type - How to fix?

If you leave it be, Apache is configured to do the right thing. It determines a file's content and serves the correct MIME type. Try the following:

Use an example file of a common file type: JPEG.
Check whether the server really returns the wrong MIME type. To do this, use curl locally, e.g.:

curl -I http://localhost/file.jpg

The MIME type should appear in the header.
Change back to the default configuration (the one from the Ubuntu package). Apache configuration can be somewhat tricky to get right. Put files in the www (probably /var/www)
Make incremental changes from a known-good to a known-bad configuration. This way you can figure out where you misstepped.

Your difficulties with proftpd are probably a different problem altogether.


External hard drive set to read only on Ubuntu 18.04

This is most likely a disk formatted with the nfts file system of MS Windows. Make sure by posting the command lsblk -f.

Ubuntu will not mount an ntfs volume readable and writable if the volume is not clean. An unclean volume is one that has not properly been closed, either because the drive was not properly disconnected, or because it was connected to a Windows system, which has been shut down with "fast start" enabled.

To check and repair the volume:

Connect the external drive to MS Windows.
Have it checked using the Windows file system checking tools
Properly disconnect it from Windows using the icon, or fully shut down Windows, making sure that the option "fast start" is disabled.

After this, the drive will correctly mount with read and write possibilities under Ubuntu.

If you do not have MS Windows, then consider reformatting that drive to the linux file system ext4. You should only use a file system that you periodically can check with the appropriate tools. For the ntfs format, which is proprietary, only MS Windows has the  comprehensive tools.


How can I boot into a USB device on a MacBook when there's no boot menu?

Sounds like your USB stick isn't been recognised.

The Mac will boot from USB sticks but they need the correct partition scheme (MSDOS in this case). It's possible either the boot flag isn't active or the partition isn't recognised (needs to be FAT32).

The white screen you get while waiting for Ubuntu to load is perfectly normal. It's because Apple has proprietary firmware in there to display the boot screen. So long as Ubuntu pops up eventually, you can be sure it's fine.

I recommend writing an OpenELEC image to your USB device (it's small and boots rapidly into Kodi) to eliminate any other possible issues.

One you know that's working, you can safely put Kali on the stick and work from there.

You can download the 64-bit OpenELEC here: http://openelec.tv/get-openelec


Problem with double click on title bar or right click on it or Any window washed out and disappear in Ubuntu 14.04

You can tweak title-bar actions by using Unity Tweak Tool as following.

open terminal and run sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-toolcommand to install.

Then goto Window Manager > Additional Tab and Set Title-bar Actions.

SetDouble click: MaximizeRight click: Menu

If you choose command-line method then open terminal and type following:

To get current settings for title-bar actions:-

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences action-double-click-titlebar
gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences action-right-click-titlebar

To set new settings title-bar actions:-

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences action-double-click-titlebar 'toggle-maximize'
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences action-right-click-titlebar menu

This worked for me. Hope this helps.


How to launch a google-chrome pop-up window using command?

First load Netflix into Google Chrome.  Then (click) File -> (Click) Create Application Short Cut -> (Click ) Create.

Now you will have a Netflix launcher Ubuntu Dash Search.

The Netflix that you launch will resemble the popup you have in your linked image.

The commandline:

$ google-chrome --app=https://www.netflix.com/browse


Try reinstalling it and see if it solves the problem
run sudo apt-get install --reinstall firefox


Scan button on Brother DCP-L2550DW does not work "No PC found"

Run the Simple Scan app and scan from there instead. I had to make a few changes to make it work:

1) For Simple Scan to find the scanner I did this:

Find your printer IP address, and:

$sudo brsaneconfig4 -a name=SCANNER model=DCPL2550DW ip=192.123.4.5

this changes this file:
$ more /etc/opt/brother/scanner/brscan4/brsanenetdevice4.cfg

2) I copied libraries /usr/lib64/ to /usr/lib/ but I'm not sure that is necessary.

3) If Simple Scan crashes while scanning like
"simples-scan crashed with SIGSEGV in make_cache_block()"
It was because Simple Scan was set to Photo, set it to Text, because it is a black and white device and there is no colour map for it.

Follow Related question and debugging ideas ref:

Brother scanner not working in Ubuntu 16.04 though driver installed


You can access encrypted data from a live cd but it requires some extra steps...

Mount the disc
Execute sudo ecryptfs-recover-private from a terminal session and answer the questions. As soon as you enter yes it will ask for the pass phrase for unlocking the data.
And then you can access your decrypted data like normal.


Can I see in a log file all GUI based tasks in its alternative command-line format?

Proposing that kind log file as base for learning is actually a brilliant idea!

Unfourtunately, many actions of GUI programs are implemented in the program itself, not using external commands; And even if it uses external commands, it may be in a different way than one would do it in a shell;
So that does not exist, and is not easy to implement.

But I have a solution for a part of the problem: The program name in the GUI is sometimes differen from the program name one needs to know for a shell command - not only if the GUI name is translated to a local language.

For example, how to start the program Files in the comman line?

We need to look into all *.desktop files for the name. There, we find the command in the Exec line:

locate -b '.desktop' | xargs grep -ls '^Name.*=Files$' | xargs grep '^Exec.*'

lists desktop file names and commands for the GUI program File - replace that with the exact name you look for - even it it's multiple words (for substring search, leave out the = and $).

With the command, I find Files may be nautilus, dolphin or active-filebrowser:

/etc/xdg/autostart/nautilus-autostart.desktop:Exec=nautilus -n
/usr/share/app-install/desktop/nemo:nemo.desktop:Exec=nemo %U
/usr/share/app-install/desktop/plasma-active:kde4__active-filebrowser.desktop:Exec=active-filebrowser -graphicssystem raster %u
/usr/share/applications/nautilus-folder-handler.desktop:Exec=nautilus %U
/usr/share/applications/nautilus.desktop:Exec=nautilus --new-window %U
/usr/share/applications/nautilus.desktop:Exec=nautilus --new-window


How can I divert my data to a Linux VPN and then forward it to a destination?

Sure, you need to look into OpenVPN.  You install an OpenVPN server on machine B (I suggest adding DNSMasq on machine B too, so that all DNS requests are also sent to the DNS used by machine B).  The OpenVPN can push routes to the clients, with the push-route option.  In your case that would then be the IP address (or IP range) of machine C.

Finally you set up the client on machine A, so it connects to machine B.  It then receives the routing to C and any connection to C will then go over B.

I admit, it would be better if I gave you a full How-To on how to actually setup OpenVPN, but it is a rather complex endeavour.  There are many good tutorials though.

Alternatively, would ssh tunneling work for you?  That's much easier than actually setting up a full blown VPN.  It would be as easy as executing this:
ssh -L 8080:machine-c:80 youruser@machine-B on Machine A.  What this does, is open up port 8080 on localhost Machine A, and tunnels it over Machine B to Machine C on port 80.  As such, if you point your browser (port 80 is http, so browser) to http://localhost:80, you will get the (default) content of Machine C.

This works for other ports too.

Finally, you can run on Machine A, the command ssh -D 8080 youruser@machine-B.  This way you create a SOCKS proxy on your localhosts, that will exit at machine-B.  Set your browsers SOCKS settings to localhost:8080 and any connection make will be routed over machine-B.

Theoretically any SOCKS capable software can then use that proxy, but your browser can do that, so that's why I gave it as an example.

It really depends a bit on the real use case you have, on what is really the best choice.


Ubuntu 16.04 does not recognize second HDD

Partial answer... work in progress...
I still need the terminal output of...
mount | grep "/dev/sd"
sudo blkid
sudo cat /etc/fstab
sudo fdisk -l
sudo lsblk

* screenshot of gparted /dev/sdb

To try and manually mount the drive...
In terminal...

sudo umount /hdd
mkdir /media/jan/hdd
mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /media/jan/hdd

Later... we edit /etc/fstab to make disk automount at boot...

gksudo gedit /etc/fstab
add UUID={incomplete_answer} /media/jan/hdd ext4 defaults 0 2
save file and quit gedit
reboot


The same thing happened to me. There seems to be a conflict with an older config file.
Go to ~/.config folder and rename the DraftSight folder (e.g. to DraftSight.bak) so that DraftSight creates a new config folder. The menus should then reappear when you open DraftSight, but you will have to go through the configuration options to set it up the way you had it before.


Turn off SUPER key during fullscreen apps

Introduction

The following script disables Super key if any X11 window is in fullscreen mode. It is meant to be added as a startup application , but also can run in a stand-alone mode.

Usage

To run the script manually it is sufficient to do :

python disable_super_key.py

In order to make the scrip start automatically upon login, consult How do I start applications automatically on login?

Obtaining the script source code

One could copy the script source from this answer, or obtain it via cloning my GitHub repository.

Instructions for those who have git :

cd /opt
sudo git clone https://github.com/SergKolo/sergrep.git
chmod -R +x sergrep

The script will be located in /opt/sergrep/disable_super_key.py

Script source code

#!/usr/bin/env python
#
###########################################################
# Author: Serg Kolo , contact: 1047481448@qq.com
# Date: August 1st , 2016
# Purpose: Disable Super key that calls Unity Dash, when any
#          X11 window is in fullscreen state
#
# Written for: https://askubuntu.com/q/805807/295286
# Tested on: Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
###########################################################
# Copyright: Serg Kolo , 2016
#
#     Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software is hereby granted
#     without fee, provided that  the copyright notice above and this permission statement
#     appear in all copies.
#
#     THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
#     IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
#     FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
#     THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
#     LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
#     FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
#     DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
from __future__ import print_function
import gi
gi.require_version('Gdk', '3.0')
from gi.repository import  Gdk,Gio
import subprocess
import signal
import time
import sys

debug = False

def gsettings_get(schema,path,key):
    """ fetches value of gsettings schema"""
    if path is None:
        gsettings = Gio.Settings.new(schema)
    else:
        gsettings = Gio.Settings.new_with_path(schema,path)
    return gsettings.get_value(key)

def gsettings_set(schema,path,key,value):
    """ sets value of gsettings schema """
    if path is None:
        gsettings = Gio.Settings.new(schema)
    else:
        gsettings = Gio.Settings.new_with_path(schema,path)
    return gsettings.set_string(key,value)

def gsettings_reset(schema,path,key):
    """ resets schema:key value to default"""
    if path is None:
        gsettings = Gio.Settings.new(schema)
    else:
        gsettings = Gio.Settings.new_with_path(schema,path)
    return gsettings.reset(key)

def run_cmd(cmdlist):
    """ reusable function for running shell commands"""
    try:
        stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmdlist)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        pass
    else:
        if stdout:
            return stdout

def main():
    """ defines entry point of the program """
    screen = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
    while True:

        key_state = str(gsettings_get('org.compiz.unityshell',
                                  '/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/',
                                  'show-launcher'))
        active_xid = str(screen.get_active_window().get_xid())
        wm_state =  run_cmd( ['xprop', '-root', '-notype','-id',active_xid, '_NET_WM_STATE'])

        if debug : print(key_state,wm_state)

        if 'FULLSCREEN' in wm_state:
            if "Super" in  key_state:
                gsettings_set('org.compiz.unityshell',
                              '/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/',
                              'show-launcher',
                              'Disabled')

        else:
            if "Disabled" in key_state :
               gsettings_reset( 'org.compiz.unityshell',
                                '/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/',
                                'show-launcher')

        time.sleep(0.25)

def sigterm_handler(*args):
    """ ensures that Super key has been reset upon exit"""
    gsettings_reset( 'org.compiz.unityshell',
                     '/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/',
                     'show-launcher')

    if debug: print('CAUGHT SIGTERM')
    sys.exit(0)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM,sigterm_handler)
    main()

Debugging

In case debugging is necessary , change line 32 from debug = False to debug = True and run the script from command line


To understand what you probably saw, we need to do a little crash course in computer history.
Today, you probably have your own computer, often multiple of them. You might have a desktop machine and/or a laptop and/or a smartphone and/or a smartwatch and so forth. But some fifty, sixty years ago, that wasn't the case. There were a few central computers, that multiple (often many) users used at the same time.
Those people were sitting in front of terminals. A terminal in that sense is basically a keyboard and monitor that don't have (much) computing power of their own. The keyboard takes the user's keystrokes and sends them to a central computer. That central computer does whatever computation is necessary, and sends the resulting output back to the terminal and its monitor. The central computer could be in another room, in another building, even in another city. And dozens or hundreds user would be using the same central computer at the same time.
So, an operating system for such a central computer needed to be able to handle the input and output for multiple or many terminals at once. In a family of operating systems going back to Unix, this was done by running multiple instances of a program called tty. tty stands for "teletypewriter". Yes, this basic principle is that old that the output wasn't shown on a monitor, but was sent to a teletypewriter.
Ubuntu, and Linux in general, is what's called a "Unix-like" operating system, because many of the basic concepts date back to how things were done in Unix. One of them is the availability to handle multiple terminals at the same time. This isn't done by the original tty anymore, but by similar programs like getty or agetty.
You probably don't have multiple sets of keyboard and monitor standing around. But your computer still can handle multiple terminals as what's called a virtual tty. Typically, a Linux system has seven virtual ttys set up, plus one for the graphical user interface (that whole stuff with windows and mouse pointers and icons and such).
By pressing CTRL + ALT + F7, you switched to, you've probably guessed it, the seventh of those virtual ttys, or tty7. When you would have pressed CTRL + ALT + F3, you would have switched to tty3, and so forth.
So, now we know what you saw, but why was there something about fsck written to tty7? When you boot your computer, one of the routine steps is to a short check of all file systems. And the output from that check, something like
/dev/sda1: clean, 552599/6111232 files, 7119295/24414464 blocks

gets written to the tty used in the boot process. In your case, that probably was tty7. So what you've seen is a routine message from the boot process, that you normally don't see behind graphical boot managers and other modern stuff ;)


Not able to install Ubuntu on new system

I figured out the problem. It was because of the sata connector on the mainboard.

The mainboard got 4x SATA3 connectors. But these are not equal. If we look into the manual (http://www.asrock.com/mb/Intel/Z77%20Extreme4/?cat=Manual) there we can see:

  2 x SATA3 6.0 Gb/s connectors by Intel® Z77, support RAID (RAID 0,
  RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 10, Intel Rapid Storage and Intel Smart Response
  Technology), NCQ, AHCI and Hot Plug functions

  2 x SATA3 6.0 Gb/s connectors by ASMedia ASM1061, support NCQ, AHCI
  and “Hot Plug” functions (SATA3_A1 connector is shared with eSATA3
  port)

I was using two devices on ASMedia ASM1061 and I think Ubuntu dont have any drivers for the ASMedia SATA connector. So after I connected everything to the Intel connector -> no more crashes or black screen during the installation. This is interesting. Wondering why Ubuntu is not able to ignore the devices on the ASMedia connector. Even if I would connect a HDD to the ASMedia that I wont use for the installation for Ubuntu -> crash.

Whatever, I hope this can help for people with the same problem with newer asrock boards. You just should not use the the two connectors

SATA3 Connectors (SATA3_A0_A1, Gray)


My video player for flash was replaced. What player is it and how do I get rid of it?

Remove totem-mozilla plugin

sudo apt-get remove totem-mozilla

Install adobe plugin

sudo apt-get install adobe-flashplugin

Stop all your web browser first before install.


Ubuntu 12.04 suddenly will not boot after compiz crash on lockscreen

I couldn't get elsa working, but by running sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm I was able to resolve the boot issue.


Checkout xdotool. You can create a bash script that uses xdotool to trigger your Ctrl+Alt+1, sleep for a second, then use xdotool again to trigger Ctrl+Alt+2. For example:

#!/bin/bash
xdotool key "ctrl+alt+1"
sleep 1
xdotool key "ctrl+alt+2"

Make that bash script executable with

chmod +x <path to bash script>

Then add ctrl+h to the xfce4 keyboard shortcuts with your bash script as the target. You can use the command:

xfce4-settings-editor

to open the xfce4 settings editor. Good Luck!


How do I manually install the package selections presented in tasksel?

Even after the installer you can use tasksel to install tasks, it just needs installing:

sudo apt-get install tasksel
sudo tasksel

If you're just after a list of available tasks, tasksel is still the easiest way to achieve this. Install it and run tasksel --list-task and you get a nice list of the available tasks, their install status and a description.

And if you need a trimmed list, something like this should do:

tasksel --list-task | awk '{ print $2 }'


Split video into multiple parts - in one go

There is a tool where things are close to what you describe:

dmMediaConverter, where you

select type of action: Split
add media
select type of split: multiple cuts
set cut point
add cut point
run

It is a ffmpeg GUI, shows a terminal while working,  outputs as mkv, but it is just splitting and copying I guess, as the time it takes is about the same of copy/pasting the initial full file.

The author of the tool is on askubuntu: mdalacu.


How to execute a command in multiple Terminals by executing a command in only one?

One that I have used is ClusterSSH to send to multiple terminal windows at once.
sudo apt-get install clusterssh

ClusterSSH will open its own terminal windows that you can send commands to with the application.  Once in ClusterSSH press Ctrl+Shift++ or click on Hosts in the menu and select Add host(s) or cluster(s) and type in all you want open separated by space between each one.  You should get a window looking like this one:

then any command that you want to send to all the windows at once you type in the box below the File Hosts Send Help menu items.
I have also written a script that you can run from a command prompt to open as many Cluster SSH windows as you want.  I do recommend that before you use this script to run ssh-copy-id localhost so that it launches without asking to enter a password.
The script:
#!/bin/bash

if [[ $1 == "" ]]; then

echo -n "Please enter number of CSSH windows you want to open: "
read num1

else

num1=$1

fi

if [[ ! ${num1} || ${num1} = *[^0-9]* ]]; then
    echo "${num1} is invalid input.  Please only use numbers."
    exit 1
fi

for i in $(seq $num1); do echo localhost; done | xargs nohup cssh >/dev/null 2>&1 &
disown -a

Hope this helps!


Xorg won't start after an upgrade to 15.04

Unfortunately, I never resolved this problem and ended up having to reinstall 15.04 from a boot disc. A couple of suggestions for those with similar issues:

Check the /etc/apt/source.list. One of the biggest issues I had with this problem was a corrupted files for my Xorg server. But I spent alot of wasted time figuring out why I couldn't apt-get install xserver-xorg. My source.list was changed to during the upgrade which prevented me from removing and reinstalling the server.
If you get a "dependency" nightmare, you can use aptitude instead of apt-get. This gave me a better understanding of why I couldn't do a clean remove and install. At this point, I realize that I probably had a few libraries missing or wrong versions of programs. This is where I decided it best to reinstall a fresh copy. In addition, I noticed a couple other programs were giving me problems.
Don't be scared to reinstall from disc. 15.04 Ubuntu has an option to reinstall your previous copy without overwriting your personal files. But it never hurts to backup. This version is running great, just needed to reinstall a couple of programs, but I can't complain. Good luck.


"Could not initialize supporting library" while playing videos through default player in ubuntu 14.04

I have solved my problem for headset but still speakers are not working. I have taken the reference from the mentioned link.....Sound not working in Ubuntu 14.04LTS after upgrading from 13.10


How to run a command as a user whose login is disabled?

This answer should still help you, even taking the edits to the
  question into account. In particular, an account created with
  --disabled-login has no password set and no other means of logging
  in, but it should still be possible to use sudo (explained below)
  to run commands or a shell as the user. This is, in fact, how the
  root account is set up in Ubuntu.

There are multiple problems with the command su - irssi.

This command tries to start a shell owned by a user named irssi.

It will fail if:

There is no irssi user.
The irssi user's account is disabled.
The irssi user's account is disabled for interactive login. Sometimes an account is permitted to use services like FTP but prohibited from logging in normally by setting their shell to something that quits immediately, like /bin/false. Then a login immediately ends, with no message.
The password you're entering is not correct for the irssi user.

The - flag makes it so the shell simulates an initial login shell--that is, so it's really very much like logging on as irssi. Without the - flag, if the su command succeeded, you'd still get a shell owned by irssi, but environment variables like HOME would be unchanged.

If you instead want to run a program called irssi, you must invoke su differently:

su username - -c irssi

If you leave out -c username, it's the same as -c root--it attempts to run the command as root.

Alternatively you can start a shell and then run the command:

Start the shell with su username -.
In the shell, run the command (irssi).
If you're done, leave the shell by running exit.

Running Commands as root

If you want to run irssi as root, su is not the way to do it. Root logins are disabled by default on Ubuntu, and there is only rarely any reason to re-enable them. If you have enabled root login, then you should be able to use su to become root. The reason it's unnecessary to enable the root account is that, whether or not you do, you can still run commands as root with sudo.

When you run commands with sudo, you put in your password, not the password of the user under whose identity you wish the command to run. Only administrators may run arbitrary commands as root with sudo (unless you reconfigure sudo to allow others to do so, of course). So a user who is not allowed to administer the system is not allowed to run commands as root with their own password.

To run irssi as root with sudo:

sudo irssi

And you would enter your password when prompted, not root's.

Except what password you enter, this does the same thing as:

su -c irssi

Except the sudo version can succeed because it doesn't require the root account to be enabled.

Like with su, you can use sudo to run commands as another, non-root user. To run irssi as username with sudo:

sudo -u username irssi

If you want sudo to behave like su - with respect to HOME--that is, you want to use the target user's HOME environment variables, you can run sudo with the -H flag:

sudo -H irssi

sudo -H -u username irssi

You can start a whole shell with sudo, like you can with su. Except for whose password you put in, this command has the same effect as su:

sudo -s

And this command has the same effect as su -:

sudo -i

(The i stands for initial login shell.)

You can start a shell as another user, too:

sudo -u username -s

sudo -u username -i

Further Reading on sudo

To learn more about sudo, take a look at:

The Ubuntu community wiki.
Wikipedia.
The upstream sudo site (by the author of sudo).
man sudo
What are the benefits of sudo over su?
Why is there no option to login as root?

Why did gksu work when su didn't?

gksu probably worked by running sudo.

gksu is a frontend for both su and sudo. In Ubuntu, it defaults to using sudo (since in Ubuntu, su is typically not used for becoming root, and is only a secondary way of becoming other, non-root users).

You can make gksu use su as the frontend by running gksu --su-mode.

You can find out whether gksu is in su mode or sudo mode, and (if you wish) change this setting, by running gksu-properties. This is a per-user setting.

When gksu is in sudo mode, it behaves the same as gksudo.

Further Reading on gksu

This subsection of the Ubuntu community wiki, on "graphical sudo".
man gksu
The upstream gksu website (by the makers of gksu).
Stefano Palazzo's answer here about explaining gksu vs. gksudo in Ubuntu.

Post-Solution Analysis

You found ultimately that you were able to run the necessary command with:

sudo -u username irssi

(Which is of the techniques listed above.)

Ultimately, you reported two pieces of information, which are sufficient to explain why it was that other techniques had failed, but that had succeeded:

The username account was created with the --disabled-login flag, which makes it have no password (and no other means of logging in). Having no password doesn't mean it's possible to log in with a blank password. It means no password is sufficient to authenticate. In combination with the elimination of other means of authentication, this means username cannot authenticate at all.

So all su-based solutions are out. sudo can work though, because with sudo you don't authenticate as the user you're about to impersonate. Instead, you have to be authorized to impersonate them, and you authenticate as yourself (i.e., enter your own password, not theirs).

It's possible to set a password on the account, which removes this barrier to logging in:

sudo passwd username

However there might be a good reason the user is not allowed to log in. For example, if this user were allowed to log in, and logged in graphically, would bad problems arise from the user's environment or privileges being poorly suited to running X11 apps? If this user could log on, would that make it possible to log on remotely as that user (for machines where you have exposed network services)?

If you ever want to re-disable it:

sudo passwd -dl username

Related: Re-disabling the root account after having temporarily enabled it.
The username account has /bin/false as its login shell.

When a shell like bash runs as your login shell, it sets up your environment and gives you an interactive prompt with which to control the machine.

When /bin/false runs, on the other hand, it does nothing, and reports failure. (/bin/true does nothing and reports success.)

The false and true commands are useful in scripting and for various testing purposes, but also for disabling an account so that when someone logs in, their login session immediately ends. That way, a password (or other means of authentication) can be enabled, and people can log in, just not for shell access. For example, if there is an FTP server, they could still access their account via FTP. If there is an SSH server, they wouldn't be able to get a shell via SSH, but they could still use sftp and scp to transfer files.

Since username's login shell was nonfunctional, commands like su username, su - username, sudo -u username -s, and sudo -u username -i could not work.

But commands that don't give a shell, like sudo -u username command or su username -c 'command' could still work.

Since commands can be run, you can change the user's login shell to something functional:

sudo chsh -s /bin/bash username

However, this should also be done with caution, as there may be a good reason to disable interactive logins for the user.

Here, username both had disabled password and "disabled" shell. The absence of any working password prevented all su-based solutions from working, while the absence of a working interactive login shell prevented all shell-spawning solutions from working (except manually invoking a shell, like sudo -u username bash).

sudo -u username command is what remained.


using a VM I created another test instance and verified extending the VG, then extending the filesystem solved my problem, it seems :)

root@ubuntu-test:~# df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                               2.0G  4.0K  2.0G   1% /dev
tmpfs                              396M  720K  395M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--test--vg-root   20G  1.4G   18G   8% /
none                               4.0K     0  4.0K   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
none                               5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
none                               2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /run/shm
none                               100M     0  100M   0% /run/user
/dev/sda1                          236M   39M  185M  18% /boot

root@ubuntu-test:~# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-test-vg/root
  Extending logical volume root to 35.76 GiB
  Logical volume root successfully resized

root@ubuntu-test:~# resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--test--vg-root
resize2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/ubuntu--test--vg-root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--test--vg-root is now 9374720 blocks long.

root@ubuntu-test:~# df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                               2.0G  4.0K  2.0G   1% /dev
tmpfs                              396M  720K  395M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--test--vg-root   36G  1.4G   33G   4% /
none                               4.0K     0  4.0K   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
none                               5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
none                               2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /run/shm
none                               100M     0  100M   0% /run/user
/dev/sda1                          236M   39M  185M  18% /boot


Which log will tell me why my computer shut down?

It is  unusual for a kernel error to shutdown the power, it would either hang with a kernel panic or reboot. It was most likely an hardware issue.

If there was a kernel panic search for "kernel panic" on the logs dir:

grep -r "kernel panic" /var/log


I also have a New Razer Blade Stealth and I had the same problem but fixed it installing the razer keyboard driver for linux which you can find here on GitHub and disabling the built in keyboard driver.

There's a PPA for Ubuntu (16.04 and newer):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openrazer/stable
sudo apt update
sudo apt install openrazer-meta

If you get dependency errors when trying to install these driver packages make sure that you have enabled the universe repository in Software & Updates. There is also a development PPA (ppa:openrazer/daily).

Reboot, or insert the new module from the terminal:

sudo modprobe razerkbd

After installing the driver you should see it

lsmod | grep "razerkbd"

Second disable the built-in keyboard driver that causes the problem. First find the name of the driver.

xinput list

Disable it ("AT Raw Set 2 keyboard" in my case)

xinput set-prop "AT Raw Set 2 keyboard" "Device Enabled" 0

If this no longer produces an error, make the changes permanent.

cd /etc/X11/
sudo mkdir xorg.conf.d
cd xorg.conf.d/
sudo touch 20-razer.conf
sudo xed 20-razer.conf

Copy the following to 20-razer.conf

Section "InputClass"
    Identifier      "Disable built-in keyboard"
    MatchIsKeyboard "on"
    MatchProduct    "AT Raw Set 2 keyboard"
    Option          "Ignore"    "true"
EndSection

Reboot and check that the CAPS-lock key no longer produces the crash.


To fix your problem you need to install the packages for php7.0 so your install command would be:

sudo apt-get install php-pear php-dev php-json libpcre3-dev php-apcu


VNC uses port 5900, so if you didn't open that port, you have locked yourself out of access to that application.  Sign in using SSH and open the appropriate port in ufw for VNC.

Depending on your setup you may have to forward the appropriate ports in your LAN's router as well.

I'm not clear on what the TV has to do with this problem.


Install Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS alongside Windows 8.1 Dual-Boot on RAID Acer S7 question marks installation popup error "???"

I found my own solution detailed below:

Install a fresh copy of Windows 8.1 Pro from the original Microsoft DVD and make a bootable USB drive, as described here. During the Windows setup process, choose custom type of installation, in which you're allowed to configure partitions. Erase all the existing partitions except the computer's recovery partitions and created a primary partition large enough for your needs, and install Windows 8.

If you do not want to install a fresh copy of Windows, I strongly encourage you to make a backup of your current windows setup and shrink one of your partitions to make room for the Ubuntu operating system as described here.

Leave the Windows Fast Startup activated but disable the UEFI BIOS Secure Boot in order to finally boot into Ubuntu.
Download the Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS 64-bit ISO image and create a bootable Live USB drive, as described here or here.
To boot into the Ubuntu Live USB drive, click Restart in Windows while holding down the Shift key. From here you have two options:

Sometimes, the Use a device option will show up in the upcoming screen, which will automatically boot into the Live USB drive.
Sometimes the option is not there and you have to select Troubleshoot, Advanced Options, UEFI Firmware Settings, and Restart.

Once in the UEFI BIOS, either go to the Main tab and enable F12 Boot Menu or go to the Boot tab and move your USB drive to the top of the list. Exit the BIOS, saving the changes, tap the F12 key, and boot into the Live USB drive.

When the GNU GRUB screen comes up, select Try Ubuntu without Installing and boot into a Live instance of Ubuntu.

Now this is the critical part that makes the difference and has not been made explicitly clear anywhere else.

Here, go to 'Dash Home' and search and run gparted. When the application first starts, you might get a Libparted Bug Found! error popup:

The backup GPT table is not at the end of the disk.
This might mean that another operating system believes the disk is smaller.
Fix, by moving the backup to the end (and removing the old backup)?

Click on Fix and another 'Libparted Warning' window popped up, saying:

Not all of the space available to /dev/mapper/isw_hhidjbh_HDD0 appears to be used,
you can fix the GPT to use all of the space (an extra 512 blocks) or continue with the current setting?'

Click Fix once again, and then one last 'Libparted Bug Found!' comes up:

Invalid argument during seek for read on /dev/sda

Clicked Cancel on this one!
Once the GParted application finally runs, create a root and a swap partition, as described in here, hit Applyand you'll get All operations successfully completed. Close the window without saving the details. Then another Libparted Bug Found! pops up saying again Invalid argument during seek for read on /dev/sda.

Clicked Cancel and close the GParted application.
Now you're ready to install Ubuntu. Connect to the WiFi network and run Install Ubuntu from the desktop.
Followed all the steps as described in here up until the 'Installation Type' window, where it asks if you want to Erase disk and install Ubuntu and choose Something else. This is the screen where the option to Install Ubuntu alongside Microsoft Windows 8.1 should have come up.
In the next window, you'll see the partitions that you created with GParted in step 6. Select the root partition, hit Change, changed Use as: to ext4 journaling file system, check Format the partition, and selected / as the Mounting point.
Set the Device for boot loader installation to /dev/mapper/isw_hhidjbh_HDD0, matching the partition names in the list. Then select the root partition in the list and click on Install Now. And this will finish the installation successfully without errors! :D
Boot to the bootable USB drive with the Windows setup once again. Follow the initial instructions up until the point were you can configure the partitions and quit the installation and when the computer restarts, it will boot into Windows 8.1 Pro without problems.
To boot into Ubuntu, reboot and go back into the UEFI BIOS, disable Secure Boot as described in here, and enable F12 Boot Menu as described in step 3.
Now you can boot into both operating systems by tapping the 'F12' upon restart and using the boot menu.


Cannot find video plugin: video/x-gst-fourcc-AVin-Decoder

Decoding of AVin (AVC-Intra format from Avid) is not supported by gstreamer & not very well or at all by libav. (libavcodec, etc.)
It is supported by recent versions of the real ffmpeg and possibly some apps built off of it.
A sample file that is probably similar to yours is here:
http://samples.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-bugs/trac/ticket524/AVCI50.mov
I can play it fine in a recent mpv that uses ffmpeg, nothing else can handle. So you may need to re-encode it to something Pitivi can deal with.


How to install libpcre16.so.0 in ubuntu mate 14.04.5 LTS

This is an old question, but for future's sake. The issue is you need the following options to configure:

./configure --enable-pcre8 --enable-pcre16 --enable-utf --enable-unicode-properties && make && make install


Install ubuntu 12.04 in vmware runing on windows 7 64 bit

I just had the same issue with Worksattion 7 and Ubuntu 12.04.

I tried the suggested solutions, however they did not work.

What worked for me was Creating the VM first by choosing the option "I will install the OS later"

then mount the iso on the CDROM through the settings window and boot it up.

Worked 1st time.

also once its finished copying the files disconnect the cd rom at reboot

Sources : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10740243/ubuntu-intallation-is-stuck-at-vmware-tools-installation

Stuck at 'VMware easy install'


Can't boot up Ubuntu - stuck in emergency mode

Quite often you are trying to mount a partition that does not exist. Review journal -xb in emergency mode until you see an error message. This will be at the end of the file. If it actually trying to mount a non-existent partition, edit the /etc/fstab to eliminate the mount.


I'll be honest, before today I'd never seen MAKEOPTS.

MAKEFLAGS I know of but after some research, MAKEOPTS appears to be Gentoo- (and its children) specific.

And if it's not in the manual, it can hardly be considered standard by any stretch of the imagination.


Problems with nvidia-settings and nvidia-xconfig

Are you really sure you deleted /etc/X11/xorg.conf? Without it the system should be back to normal... Either way there's this post that suggests running this command to reconfigure Xorg:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg

Also you should remove the nVidia driver. Your system seems to have Optimus technology, so you can't install the nVidia driver the same way you would in a normal system. If it was installed through apt-get/Software Center this should remove it:

sudo apt-get remove nvidia-current

If you want to disable your nVidia card (to save some power) and use it to run some specific programs (like games) you should try Bumblebee.
You can find more info on how to install it/debug problems on Ubuntu Wiki or here at AskUbuntu.

Hope this helps.


Help me understand .profile, .bashrc, etc

To put it (very) simple: ~/.profile is sourced when you log in, while ~/.bashrc is sourced when you open a terminal window.


Why ping outbound to gateway, but no other hosts, nor inbound

You have routes for the 192.168.10.0/24 subnet going out THREE interfaces (enp1s0, enp0s31f6 and enp1s0 again), plus a route for 192.168.10.1 to enp1s0. You have THREE IP addresses on enp1s0, and NO default route.

What are you trying to do?

I don't understand what "I don't want to use NetworkManager as I will be assigning other statics, but this one is just trying to get access to the machine on the network" means, or why you don't want to use NetworkManager, or why a "static" (whatever that is) is trying to get access.

Pretend you are a TCP/IP packet with a destination in the 192.168.10.0/24 subnet. Which interface do you use?

Pretend you are a TCP/IP packet with a destination NOT in the 192.168.10.0/24 subnet (e.g. 8.8.8.8). Which interface do you use?

I'm sorry this didn't resolve your problem, but you really need to suck back, reload and start again. Read man ip;man ip-route to start.


Voice Recognition Software for noting done meetings

For small amount of speakers its enough to have gaussian mixture model classifier. Open source software for speaker identification:

Alize/Mistral

Kaldi

Both are not plug and play, but you can get a reasonably working system.


Adding Ubuntu to Windows 8.1 Boot manager UEFI mode

First, some terminology:

A boot loader loads a kernel into memory and executes it.
A boot manager presents a menu that lets you select which OS to boot.

GRUB does both jobs for Linux, although it can't load a Windows kernel directly; to boot Windows, GRUB redirects to the Windows boot program. Likewise, the Windows boot program cannot directly load a Linux kernel (but see below) and so is a poor choice for booting Linux, although I believe that it (like GRUB) includes both boot loader and boot manager functionality, and so can (theoretically) be configured to redirect to GRUB. Knowledge of how to do this under BIOS is fairly widespread, but people who've managed to do it under EFI are relatively rare.

One significant twist on this is that since version 3.3.0, the Linux kernel has included its own EFI boot loader, so an EFI boot manager can launch a Linux kernel, even if that boot manager doesn't have Linux boot loader capabilities. In fact, rEFInd and gummiboot rely on this feature; these programs are both technically boot managers, but they can launch a Linux kernel that has an EFI stub loader. In theory, the Windows boot program might be able to launch Linux in this way. In practice, this would be difficult to get working, since the kernel needs parameters passed to it in order to work, and configuring the Windows boot program to pass the right parameters is likely to be even trickier than getting it to pass control to GRUB. I've never heard of anybody even trying this, much less getting it to work.

On this forum, you're much more likely to find expertise and advice on using GRUB, rEFIt, rEFInd, or gummiboot as your primary boot manager than on using the Windows boot program as a boot manager. If you really must use the Windows boot program as a boot manager, I recommend you ask on a Windows forum.


I can't install Ubuntu on my PC AMD (Already tried nomodeset)

I managed to get it to work , by disabling CSM in the mobo options and applying nomodeset. It allowed me to get to the Ubuntu install screen without a problem. Installing it as I type this.


Can I change the lock screen background to be different from the desktop background?

You could have at the answers here:

How to make the lock screen look like the login screen?

And see if any of these are what you want!


Low sound issues on HP p7-1227c PC using IDT 92HD73E1X5 chip

I've been working on this problem for a couple of days now.  I have a work around posted in this forum :

Bug #1041322

It looks like the HDA sound driver is not setting up the EAPD bit correctly when it detects  speakers plugged into the "green" jack.   If you are just using stereo speakers, plugging them into the Orange "Center" channel seems to get around this.  Otherwise there is a hack you can do with the a utility (hda-verb) described in my post to set the EAPD bit to the correct state.

Next step is to see why the driver does this in the first place.


There is a bug report here: https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=642705 similar to yours but mentions that when changing the tabs USING THE SCROLL WHEEL. They mention the problem that the Title takes too long to update.

Anyway just tested using Ubuntu 10.10. Does not happen to me but as the bug suggests and your post here, it happens to some users.


There is probably no watertight solution. The menu entries are in

shell/traditional-menus.ui
shell/evince-menus.ui

and

shell/evince.css

is also interesting.

A solution could be:

Get the source code and install the dependencies

sudo apt-get source evince
sudo apt-get build-dep evince

Change the menu files and/or the css
Reconfigure with an alternative path for the installation, e.g. /usr/local/restricted_user

sudo ./configure --prefix /usr/local/restricted_user

Re-compile Evince

sudo make distclean
sudo dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -b -uc

Install the deb package
Create a desktop file in the user's home directory

cp /usr/share/applications/evince.desktop /home/restricted_user/.local/share/applications
sudo chown restricted_user:restricted_user /home/restricted_user/.local/share/applications/vince.desktop

and use the re-compiled version for Exec=
Make sure that the user has no longer access to /usr/bin/evince


12.04 install partition tool doesnt have ntfs available

I figured this out... The install partition tool doesn't let you create a NTFS logical part. However if you simply leave it as 'free space' after install you can use disk utility to format that free space as NTFS. Job done.

Not sure why the partition tool during install doesnt let you create an NTFS partition though!


DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04 LTS"
Installed: 2.0.0~beta3

First problem (Node must be connected to a network):

Visit the node details page for the node that is reporting "Node must be connected to a network".

On that page select the subnet you want the interface to DHCP from and then select "DHCP" in the IP assignment section.

I am also facing the same problem for the second one

My node commissioning is getting failed with following error.
Mount the root '/' filesystem to be able to deploy this node.
Earlier my hard disk was not getting detected. Now it is detected but MAAS is not able to deploy the node.

Any help will be appreciated.


You can use the top level Subnets tab to browse to the subnet and define dynamic IP ranges, then browse to the VLAN and enable DHCP. You'll need to enable DHCP on the VLAN which is present on the rack controller. Then you should see that /var/lib/maas/dhcpd.conf on the rack controller has been written with a shared-network entry for the remote VLAN.

If the remote subnet isn't showing up in the VLANs tab on the controller details page, that could be considered a bug, and should be filed.


Sepends on the application you are wanting. Some programs are available cross platform, firefox, thunderbird, audacious, audacity.

Other applications are going to be windows only.

You may be able to run some applications with cygwin, kde will run on windows for example.

But, in general, Ubuntu (Edubuntu) is an operating system and most programs are not going to run on Windows.

As edubuntu is intended to be more of a central server with (thin) clients, and you are running windows, my advice is to either dual boot, or perhaps a better solution, install ubuntu/edubuntu into VirtualBox.

Can you please update your question with more specific details of what applications you want to run ?


Yes. Your mirror.list will look something like this:

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-i386 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb-i386 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-i386 http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse

Affect how? It will take a up a good bit of space (~100GB), and a good bit of bandwidth.


Unattended-upgrades pending reboot prevents shutdown from user

Stop Unattended-Upgrades from restarting the computer
Right now Unattended-Upgrades is setup to restart the computer at 2:00AM if the update requires a restart. This step will stop this behavior.
Step: edit the file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades
Inside the file look for the line:
unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot "true";

and make it look like:
Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot "false";

Create a bash script to check if restart is required and do it if needed
The script below checks if the file reboot-required exists and if so, it reboots the computer immediately. Let's call this file reboot_if_needed.sh.
#!/bin/bash
if [ -f /var/run/reboot-required ]; then
        echo $(date) Sytem restart required by: $(cat /var/run/reboot-required.pkgs)
        /sbin/reboot now
fi

Save this file as /opt/bin/reboot_if_needed.sh
Make this file executable:
sudo chmod +x /opt/bin/reboot_if_needed.sh
Explanation
When the script runs and the file var/run/reboot-required exists it will output some text that will be captured in a log file /var/log/reboot_history.log. Then the system will restart.
Schedule reboot_if_needed.sh every night at 2:00 AM
We want to run the script with administrator privileges. So we use sudo. Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter:
sudo crontab -e

This command will open the crontab file for the root user if one exists, or create a blank new file. Add the following line at the end of the file:
0 02 * * * /opt/bin/reboot_if_needed.sh >> /var/log/reboot_history.log

If you use nano as the text file editor, exit the editor by pressing Ctrl+X. The editor will prompt you to save the changes. Press Y and then press Enter to select the default file name.
Explanation
Each line in crontab has five time-and-date fields, followed by a command, followed by a newline character ('\n'). The fields are separated by spaces. The five time-and-date fields cannot contain spaces. The five time-and-date fields are as follows:

minute (0-59),
hour (0-23, 0 = midnight),
day (1-31),
month (1-12),
weekday (0-6, 0 = Sunday).

Therefore, 0 02 * * * means at 2:00 AM every night.
The line added to the crontab will make the script reboot_if_needed.sh run every night at 2 AM. The >> redirects the output to the /var/log/reboot_history.log file. This file will be created the first time crontab runs the script.
See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CronHowto for how to use crontab
Why this works?
Unattended-Upgrade apparently schedules the restart with a delay. For example:
sudo shutdown -r 02:00

The above command schedules the restart at 2 AM. When such a command is in effect you get the message "another shutdown already pending".
We use crontab to take care of the starting the restart process at 2 AM, instead of scheduling it from within the shutdown command. Thus, there is no shutdown pending once Unattended-Upgrade has run. Any user can reboot the computer.
When any user reboots the computer the file /var/run/reboot-required if it exits is deleted by the system as reboot is not required any more. The computer will not be restarted at 2 AM by the script.
Hope this helps


Is there a way to work with files without leaving any trace of them? No showing up in recent lists in editors for example

The guest account does just that. It's like sandbox in windows in terms of privacy, as it auto deletes everything after you log off. Another method is to use live CD.


Which of these hardware devices are not listed in the /dev directory?

Yes

$ ls /dev/input/mou*
/dev/input/mouse0  /dev/input/mouse1  /dev/input/mouse2

$ ls /dev/dri/card*
/dev/dri/card0

$ ls /dev/video*
/dev/video0

$ ls /dev/sd* /dev/sg* /dev/hd*
/dev/sda  /dev/sda1  /dev/sda2  /dev/sda3  /dev/sda5  /dev/sda6  /dev/sg0  /dev/sg1

Why? See these related questions

Why do Ethernet devices not show up in “/dev”?
Why are network interfaces not in /dev like other devices?
Is there a device file in the /dev directory that represents the wireless adapter?


Is there a google voice or other VoIP app for Ubuntu phone?

I can recommend the Yate VOIP Client.
Works very well also with multiple SIP accounts.

Tried a few others but working now with Yate for more than 6 months without big problems.


How to solve the WordPress install complete

There is a missing white space in your command. Probably you want to:

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/

In your case, the chown command will search for a group called www-data/var/www/ (that is threat as single string), and complains about a missing argument - the target path.


I would recommend using compiz-config tool. You can disable most of animations in your Ubuntu using it. But be aware! You might end up with disabled Unity, if you do something wrong!

To install open the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Then run it from dashboard. You cannot disable all of the animations, but you will notice there are much less of them. I hope it was helpful.


How to give a user privileges to change system date and time?

To grant a user to run a specific command with root privileges you set up a sudo rule by typing sudo visudo in a Terminal.

This lets you edit the /etc/sudoers file.

For example to grant a user Luca the privileges to run "command" as root you add the line:

  Luca ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /path/to/command

You can set the date and time by using sudo date -s "11/20/2004 12:48:00" 1

Btw to synchronize time you can use ntp. To restore time and date with ntpd, use ntpd -q -g.


Python 3.7 installed from source in Ubuntu 16.04 cannot make use of the numpy version from the Ubuntu package system.

You should be able to install it via pip3.7:

pip3.7 install numpy

See also this answer on ServerFault.


Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS starting vino / rdp from SSH

Ok I figured it out, so I boot my headless Ubuntu 16.04

Then I install Xvfb

sudo apt-get install Xvfb

Next I install x11vncserver

sudo apt-get install x11vnc

And finally putting it all together to create the display attach unity and run vnc:

sudo Xvfb :10 -ac -screen 0 1024x768x24 &

DISPLAY=:10 unity &

x11vnc -auth /home/USSERNAME/.Xauthority -display :10 -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /home/USERNAME/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5900 -shared


Cannot add PPA: 'ppa:gluster/ubuntu-glusterfs-3.5'

This PPA doesn't exist. Do you mean ppa:gluster/glusterfs-3.5?


how to configure rsyslog to receive log from specic IP addresses?

Block it with your UFW (assuming 1.1.1.1 is the device generating syslogs and 2.2.2.2 is your server)

sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw allow from 1.1.1.1 to 2.2.2.2 port 514/udp

check with

sudo ufw status


Logitech wireless keyboard stops working after random intervals of time

Rearrange to minimize interference

  Bus 002 Device 098

Implies that you may have a significant number of usb devices attached to your system. Try rearranging them so that the nano receivers are not near any unshielded devices that can cause interference, such as some flash drives.

It is possible that the keyboards nano receiver is the cause. If so you can use the mouses receiver.

Pair up to 6 devices to one receiver

Install solaar

sudo apt-get install solaar

unplug keyboard nano receiver and turn off the keyboard.
Pair keyboard to the mouses nano receiver.
run solaar-cli pair and when prompted turn on keyboard.


How can I set and get the tty console font?

I asked the exact same query @ ubuntu forum in 2006.

console resolution depends on vga parameter. You can get from 640x480 upto 1920x1080 resolution, last checked on ubuntu. (don't know the vga parameter for 1080p but I have seen it after default ubuntu install on my machine.)
to change linux console font try searching for "consolechars" program, its in console-tools package I think.
also see -> Can I change the Linux console (Ctrl+Alt+F1) font to Ubuntu Mono?
psf font editor -> NAFE -- not another font editor @ http://nafe.sf.net/


"Solution" to Intel Graphics Screen Tearing/Flickering Causes Excessive Fan Use in Ubuntu 16.10/17.04/17.10

The correct solution would be to create the following file:

/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel-graphics.conf

having the following content:

Section "Device"
   Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
   Driver      "intel"
   Option      "TripleBuffer" "true"
   Option      "TearFree"     "true"
   Option      "DRI"          "false"
EndSection

Do not create these files in /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d. That is the location for example configuration files for X, not the ones that are actually loaded.


gnome-disk-utility does not open on current screen

Run in terminal:

sudo apt install dconf-editor

Run in terminal:

gsettings set org.gnome.mutter center-new-windows true

or
Open  dconf Editor go to org > gnome > mutter click on center-new-windows and change it to true.

or
Check CompizConfig Settings Manager > Window Management > Place Windows


$linenum won't get expanded if it's inside the single quotes - you just need to move it outside:

sed -i "$linenum"'s/old_pattern/new_pattern/' "$filepath"