Preseed install Ubuntu 18.04 with wireless PEAP authentication

I expect you're familiar with many of those steps as you are already preseeding. I'm still trying to make this a comprehensive answer.

Please note that the main part of this answer will be about WPA2 networks in general and not focusing on PEAP.

preseed/netcfg Does Not Work

  Preseeding keys for the following installer components will not be
  used in Ubiquity, usually because they do not fit with Ubiquity's mode
  of operation:

  netcfg
  LVM and RAID partitioning
  base-installer
  pkgsel/tasksel
  finish-install

  Source: UbiquityAutomation (last edited 2019-07-12 07:07:21 by tsimonq2)

From the logs in /var/log/installer/debug I can tell you that it seems like netcfg/get_hostname still seems to be considered though. Still, that means that we can not go the way that worked in older versions and specify the connection in the preseed file like

# wlp3s0b1 would be the device-specific wifi interface
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select wlp3s0b1
d-i netcfg/wireless_show_essids select manual
d-i netcfg/wireless_essid string myWifiName
d-i netcfg/wireless_essid_again string myWifiName
d-i netcfg/wireless_security_type select wpa

preseed/early_command Does Not Work

preseed/early_command is executed from casper. I have tried connecting to the wifi from there and the command does not seem to work there yet.
Of course preseed/late_command does also not work for us, because it happens later than the mirror settings. But if you'd only require internet after the installation for some other late commands, this way would be easier than what I'm about to explain.

Modifying the Ubiquity Installer to give us a third option

  Notes
  Evan needs to add a "a bit later than early command" preseed variable so that testing scripts can run once the desktop is available.
  UbiquityAutomation (last edited 2019-07-12 07:07:21 by tsimonq2)

Well, Evan isn't here, so let's do it ourselves!

Mount the Original Iso and preseed it

# mount iso readonly because it is readonly anyhow
sudo mount -o loop -t iso9660 ~/ubuntu.iso /mnt/myiso -o ro
# copy data to a writeable directory
mkdir ~/Downloads/iso.new
cp -ra /mnt/myiso/* ~/Downloads/iso.new

Apply your usual preseeding. I did it by adding a file to iso.new/preseeding that I reference in the boot arguments in iso.new/isolinux/isolinux.cfg.

Here is my isolinux.cfg. I haven't modified the start of it, and just appended the part starting from label install. You could also do that in menu.cfg or txt.cfg (which gets transitively included). In those files, you should also find similar entries you could use as a model.

# file ~/Downloads/iso.new/isolinux/isolinux.cfg
path
include menu.cfg
default install
prompt 1
timeout 50
ui gfxboot bootlogo

label install
  menu label ^LucidBrot 18.04. Hello World
  kernel /casper/vmlinuz
  append auto=true file=/cdrom/preseed/my.seed boot=casper debug-ubiquity automatic-ubiquity initrd=/casper/initrd DEBCONF_DEBUG=5 debian-installer/locale=en_US.UTF-8 keyboard-configuration/layoutcode=ch languagechooser/language-name=English countrychooser/shortlist=CH localechooser/supported-locales=en_US.UTF-8

Note that even though I will be booting from a USB Stick, the path prefix is still /cdrom.
Also note that you won't need all of those options. You can safely remove any of the language or keyboard options. The two debug options are optional but help with logging. The remainder are important, including automatic-ubiquity.

Of course, the file= should point to your preseed file.

Filesystem Terminology

There are multiple filesystems.

The filesystem you are running all these commands in
The iso we mounted on /mnt/myiso and copied the contents of over to ~/Downloads/iso.new. It contains some information for the bootloader.
A ~/Downloads/iso.new/casper/initrd file which contains an initial ram filesystem that will be booted into once you select "Install Ubuntu" in grub.
A ~/Downloads/iso.new/casper/filesystem.squashfs file which contains a compressed filesystem. This filesystem will be chrooted into after some initial setup done in the initramfs. Once that is up, it's possible to log into a tty by pressing CtrlAltF2 (or F3) and enter ubuntu as the username.
The squashfs contains scripts for ubiquity - the installer.

Open The Squashfs

# isohybrid and unmksquashfs
sudo apt-get install syslinux-utils squashfs-tools
# unpack the squashfs to a new dir
mkdir ~/Downloads/squashy && cd ~/Downloads/squashy
sudo unsquashfs ~/Downloads/iso.new/casper/filesystem.squashfs
# now we have a new directory "squashfs-root"

Modify Ubiquity

We have several options, judging by the amount of scripts lying around in ~/Downloads/squashy/squashfs-root/ but I will go with the plugin manager, because it happens to be exectued fairly early: Before debian-installer gets the locale, but definitely after the initramfs part. That can be verified by adding print statements and viewing /var/log/installer/debug.

So open ~/Downloads/squashy/squashfs-root/usr/bin/lib/ubiquity/ubiquity/plugin_manager.py (I'd say as root, but not sure if that's necessary) and add the import statement import subprocess after all the other imports at the start of the file. Then navigate to line 42 where the function def load_plugins(): should be defined.
Here what I inserted at the start of it, though the print statements are only for the logs and can be skipped.

def load_plugins():
    print("flappy plugin_manager: load_plugins()")
    mywifires = subprocess.run("/cdrom/preseed/inb4.sh", stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    print("flappy stdout wifi: {}".format(mywifires))
    print("flappy usr/lib/bin/ubiquity/ubiquity/plugin_manager: post-wifi", file=sys.stderr)

    modules = []

Set Up inb4.sh

It is now possible for us to run arbitrary bash commands at the start of the installation by entering them into ~/Downloads/iso.new/preseed/inb4.sh.
Since I simply want to connect to a normal WPA2 network, here's how mine looks (make sure you use your own interface as ip link reports it instead of my wlp3s0b1):

# file iso.new/preseed/inb4.sh
#!/bin/sh
set -ux
sudo ip link set dev wlp3s0b1 up
sudo nmcli d wifi connect myWiFiHotspot password MyPassw0rd

It should not be too hard to get that working with a PEAP network. See this answer, this gist or this blogpost which all rely on the same tool as I do (nmcli, which is already installed):

nmcli> set 802-1x.eap peap
nmcli> set 802-1x.phase2-auth mschapv2
nmcli> set 802-1x.identity myusername
nmcli> set 802-1x.password mypassword
nmcli> set wifi-sec.key-mgmt wpa-eap
nmcli> save
nmcli> activate

nmcli connection add \
 type wifi con-name "MySSID" ifname wlp3s0 ssid "MySSID" -- \
 wifi-sec.key-mgmt wpa-eap 802-1x.eap tls 802-1x.identity "USERNAME" \
 802-1x.ca-cert ~/ca.pem 802-1x.client-cert ~/cert.pem \
 802-1x.private-key-password "..." 802-1x.private-key ~/key.pem

Make inb4.shexecutable

Just to be safe.

sudo chmod a+rx ~/Downloads/iso.new/preseed/inb4.sh

Pack Squashfs

Make sure you currently don't have a file called filesystem.squashfs in your squashy directory, because that will cause the next commands to create /dev_1 instead of /dev and such things...

cd ~/Downloads/squashy
sudo rm filesystem.squashfs
sudo mksquashfs squashfs-root/ filesystem.squashfs -b 1024k -comp xz -Xbcj x86 -e sudo cp filesystem.squashfs ../iso.new/casper/filesystem.squashfs

This command will take about 10 minutes on my laptop - be patient.
I'm not certain if all those flags are needed. I copied them from here. Just make sure that you aren't accidentally excluding /boot by doing -e boot. The ubuntu wiki implies that it works with less flags.

  Compress the chroot
  If this Customised Remix is to potentially be
  installed on some systems then the /boot folder will be needed. To
  allow the Customised Cd to be an installer Cd, compress the entire
  chroot folder with this command:

  sudo mksquashfs chroot image/casper/filesystem.squashfs
  Then write the
  filesystem.size file, which is needed by the installer:

  printf $(sudo du -sx --block-size=1 chroot | cut -f1) >
  image/casper/filesystem.size
  However, if it is not going to be
  installed and is 'only' meant as a LiveCD then the /boot folder can be
  excluded to save space on your iso image. The live system boots from
  outside the chroot and so the /boot folder is not used.

  sudo mksquashfs chroot image/casper/filesystem.squashfs -e boot
  It is
  important to note that if you are building a Karmic LiveCd on an
  earlier system, you will need the squashfs-tools package from Karmic
  or the LiveCD will not boot.

Because we did not modify any packages in the squashfs (aka chroot), I'm pretty certain that we don't need to perform the manifest step in the image below, but I guess it shouldn't hurt to at least perform the printf step in the quote above. And if you for some reason did modify packages, that is out of scope of this answer but I can recommend this post and also this one which considers gpg.

Build the iso back together

# copy the modified squashfs back to the iso filesystem data
sudo cp ~/Downloads/squashy/filesystem.squashfs ~/Downloads/iso.new/casper/filesystem.squashfs
# build iso. Again, the flags are beyond be, but they work
sudo mkisofs -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -z -iso-level 4 -c isolinux/isolinux.cat -o ~/Downloads/outputubuntu.iso -joliet-long iso.new
# make the iso bootable from an usb stick (it's only bootable from cdrom currently)
sudo isohybrid ~/Downloads/outputubuntu.iso

Flash it on a Stick!

I have made the mistake of using dd on /dev/sda when the stick was not plugged in, and that caused me a bit of pain until I realized I had to delete /dev/sda while the stick was plugged out to get it functioning again. To prevent that happening to you, we first make sure the stick is both plugged in and unmounted.
sudo unmount /dev/sda1 should work after you plug the stick in, because ubuntu automounts it. If it does not, look at lsblk's output and unmount the partition that is mounted. Be wary that your stick may be another device than /dev/sda and dd can be pretty brutal if you make mistakes.

# plug usb stick in. Unmount it and flash the iso
cd ~/Downloads
sudo umount /dev/sda1 && sudo dd bs=4M if=ubuntuoutput.iso of=/dev/sda conv=fdatasync status=progress

The flag conv=fdatasync enusres that dd will only say it's finished when all the data has actually been written.
This command will take a few minutes, but is faster than the packing of the squashfs.

Boot it!

Plug the stick into the device you want to install ubuntu on and boot it. Press Esc on the grub screen if you'd like to verify that your preseed is actually being run. It should display the label you specified.

The wifi should automatically connect during the ubiquity install. If it does not, check out the CtrlAltF2 tty to view the logs in /var/log/casper.log and /var/log/installer/debug. Since we set the debug level pretty high, you should see something if you had it print something - or just modify your commands to write their output to a file.


Failed attempt to upgrade from 18.04 to 20.04 directly, now sources.list points to Eoan

Depending on when you aborted it is possible the release upgrader did not have the opportunity to reset your sources.list entries back to bionic. There may be a backed up file in /etc/apt/ called sources.list.distUpgrade, check the contents of that file and if they match your expectations replace sources.list with it.

With regards to "Any new version" that means then next supported release of Ubuntu which is 19.10 if you are running Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. If you want to upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS you'll want to set the option to "For long-term support versions". However, release upgrades to 20.04 LTS from 18.04 LTS won't be enabled until late July 2020.


If you have added the ppa for the latest libreoffice:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:libreoffice/ppa

Try doing the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libreoffice

If that doesn't work, then:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get remove --purge libreoffice
sudo apt-get install libreoffice

This should work unless you have completely messed libreoffice up.


This was a really bad issue by myself. If I did mail and looked the first mail with 1 then I saw the message

/bin/sh: /root/jobs/log-crush-ftp-process.sh: No such file or directory

I thought the whole time the error means the first column /bin/sh, but the real issue was that I renamed the jobs folder to bin. After changing the cronjob to

*/1 * * * * /root/bin/log-crush-ftp-process.sh

(*/1 for every minute) the script is now executed.


Inkscape 0.92.0 (snap) fonts problem - Ubuntu 16.10

this is a known issue with the snap package format for Ubuntu. As far as I understand, they do only find fonts that you put into the .fonts directory in your home directory.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/inkscape/+bug/1655609


Beginner question: Put script in start up?

The easiest way to do it in Ubuntu is probably just to use the Startup Applications tool. Put your script in wherever it needs to be, then specify the full path to it (For example, /home/begtognen/script.sh).

Hopefully that will run that script on startup. I use this to start my Thunderbird whenever I login.


How can I create a cp932 encoded text file on Ubuntu?

gedit, "Save as" has an option to save it with a different encoding.

After that it should accept Japanese chars.

as seen here:

~/Desktop$ file test.txt
test.txt: DBase 3 data file with memo(s)

Command line

convert a file to cp933:

recode cp932 {filename}

or

iconv -f utf8 -t cp932 {filename} > {newfilename}

You probably need to install recode with sudo apt-get install recode
If you do

 touch {filename}
 recode cp932 {filename}

you create an empty file and should be able to add cp932 chars to the file.
If you use vim place the following in your /etc/vim/vimrc or ~/.vimrc file:

set encoding=cp932
set fileencoding=cp932

and the system will save the with cp932.


Deleted Fedora partition, can't boot into Ubuntu

Probably your Fedora partition contained the information related to GRUB.

Nothing to worry, just reinstall GRUB using some method.
For reinstalling it using Ubuntu live CD, follow this.

For more details check How to Repair, Restore, or Reinstall Grub 2 with a Ubuntu Live CD or USB.


How to enable "Other" or "Manual" user login in ubuntu 14.04.1?

To hide your users at login screen ,open terminal and type following command

gksudo gedit /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-ubuntu.conf

Now add this line in it.

 greeter-show-manual-login=true

It will hide the username at login screen. You need to enter your username to login.


What ARM single-board computers does are supported by Ubuntu?

The little MK802 devices have an ARM-cored Allwinner A10  which runs Ubuntu/Lubuntu absolutely fine.   Google MK802 Lubuntu  to find OS images for it:  google MK802 Mini PC to find the devices (~ $75).    These are more powerful than the Raspberry- approx 1.5GHz CPU and 1GB of RAM.


Specifying a custom mount point for an empty partition

=== EDIT STARTS ===

I am assuming you want it to be mounted every time you boot, if what you want is to mount it one time:

$ sudo mkdir /data-part
$ sudo mount /dev/sdaX /data-part

should do the trick.

=== EDIT ENDS ===

Sure you can. First you need to know device file of the partition you need to mount (it should be something like sda* in most cases). If you don't know, install and run gparted and find out device file of the partition.

Once you find the device file, fire up your favorite editor from terminal (assuming device file you want to mount is /dev/sdaX, replace accordingly):

$ sudo gedit /etc/fstab

When editor opens, go to the bottom of the file and add a line like:

/dev/sdaX /data-part ext4 defaults 0 0

And then, all you need to do is to create a directory at mount point:

$ sudo mkdir /data-part

After your next reboot, partition should be mounted at the mount point automatically.


There is no added benefits to using https for checksums. HTTP might be insecure but that does not make the "sums are provided over HTTP" insecure. See the discussion on launchpad about this. Comment 8:

  It doesn't matter if the ISO, checksums, and public keys are served insecurely (although it would be simple if they were), as long as the public key fingerprint is served securely, which it already is on the VerifyIsoHowto page.


The only operating system I know that has an uninstall feature, is Ubuntu when installed in a virtual filesystem inside Windows. If that is the case, then you can uninstall it from Windows' add/remove pane in the control panel.

There's normally no reason to uninstall an operating system. You can't use your computer without an operating system anyway, and all operating system installers are able to replace the one currently installed. If you want to delete everything on the harddisk, then you can simply format it. You can do that from an Ubuntu live CD/USB stick for instance.

If you want to replace 8.10 with a modern version of Ubuntu – and you really should – then it will be able to keep your data while replacing the operating system. It's quite easy.


date command doesn't know "EDT" timezone. If a timezone which isn't supported is passed in TZ the output will indeed show with entered time zone but time shown will be UTC.
Supported time zones are listed in /usr/share/zoneinfo/. As of now time zones that can be used as a value for "TZ" are:
Africa      Cuba     GMT0         Japan              Pacific     Turkey
America     EET      GMT-0        Kwajalein          Poland      UCT
Antarctica  Egypt    GMT+0        leap-seconds.list  Portugal    Universal
Arctic      Eire     Greenwich    Libya              posix       US
Asia        EST      Hongkong     localtime          posixrules  UTC
Atlantic    EST5EDT  HST          MET                PRC         WET
Australia   Etc      Iceland      Mexico             PST8PDT     W-SU
Brazil      Europe   Indian       MST                right       zone1970.tab
Canada      Factory  Iran         MST7MDT            ROC         zone.tab
CET         GB       iso3166.tab  Navajo             ROK         Zulu
Chile       GB-Eire  Israel       NZ                 Singapore
CST6CDT     GMT      Jamaica      NZ-CHAT            SystemV

The time zone for EDT is "EST5EDT". The output of TZ="EST5EDT" date as of 10 May 2019 02:11:26 UTC:
Thu May  9 22:11:26 EDT 2019

Or use city's name where EDT is used. Examples: America/Kentucky/Louisville, America/Kentucky/Monticello, America/New_York, Canada/Eastern, etc.
Why EDT is EST5EDT?
In short, it is a standard. Time zones are written like Timezone-Offset. Here - is minus or it can be said for time zones which are ahead of UTC are written like Timezone-Offset and for time zones that are behind UTC, it is written as TimezoneOffset. If the time zone has a pretty name like Eastern Standard Time, it can be written as EST or EST5. Both will produce same results.
Now, Daylight Saving Time (DST) isn't observed everywhere (for example, India). For time zones where it is observed, time zones are written as Timezone-OffsetTimezoneDST, example: EET-2EETDST (Cyprus) but if DST has a fancy name like BST (British Summer Time), it is written as Timezone-OffsetFancy_name, i.e. GMT0BST. Similary, EDT is EST5EDT. On this Oracle document you can see all standardized time zones.


What is the best way to download a new Ubuntu release?

Usually torrents are the best way, as mirrors always see a huge bandwidth spike on release day. Another good way to have an up to date system on release day is install the release candidate and allow it to update on its own. The servers will be less congested, and the differences will be minimal.

Of course, torrenting allows you to give back to the community as well :)


Full screen mode under kde with any window

KWIN Global Keyboard Shortcut

KDE System Settings > Shortcuts and Gestures > Global Keyboard Shortcuts

Add a 'Make Window Fullscreen' shortcut to the KWIN


Problem installing Epson 645 drivers related to lsb

I have had exactly the same problem. However I found this link :

http://www.muktware.com/news/976/ubuntu-becomes-first-os-get-automatic-epson-printer-drivers#.UK4l-eB2MUQ

which suggests that Ubuntu 12.04 is capable of finding and installing printer drivers automatically. Although sceptical, I decided to try with my wirelessly-connected Epson PX730WD.  It worked !  I used "System Settings / Printing / Add Printer / Find Printer" (roughly speaking) which found the printer as soon as I turned it on. In fact the drivers it found were for a slightly lower spec device - the PX710W - but so far I have not had any difficulties as a result of this.

I hope you find this useful.


Updated to 21.04, VLC stopped working but worked in 20.10. Mplayer does

Try to run from terminal with increased verbosity to see what happening:
cvlc --no-one-instance -vv rtsp://...

But your url looks not proper to me. Shouldn't rtsp urls be in the form like rtsp://host:port/path.sdp? Or you probably messed protocol and it should be rtp:// instead.


Bluetooth Headset Microphone Ubuntu 20.04

This link may answer your question and i have pasted the important part of it below.
Mono only blurtooth headset
Bluetooth devices need to support so called profiles, which basically describe what the device can do. If, for example, you want to use a blueetoth keyboard, it needs to be compatible with the Human Interface Device or HID profile.
For headsets and other audio devices, there are multiple relevant profiles: The Headset Profile (HSP) and/or the Hands Free Profile (HFP) are used when you want to use the device in two directions, so to speak - speaker output and microphone input. With HSP or HFP, the available bandwith gets split between the speaker and the microphone, so the quality of the audio output will be lower. Maybe that's what you mean by "mono".
If on the other hand you use the Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP), the whole bandwith is used for the audio output. Because of that, the quality of the audio output will be better as with HSP/HFP, but you won't be able to use the microphone.
You'll need to look into which profiles are supported by your specific device. A device can support multiple profiles, but only one at a time. For example, my headset supports HSP/HFP as well as A2DP. You can select which profile you want to use in the audio settings, but you can only use one profile at a time.
You also might want to look into which other bluetooth devices are connected to your machine. Typically, you can only use one device per profile at a time. So if you are, for example, using a bluetooth speaker with A2DP, you can't use bluetooth headphones with AD2P at the same time.
share  edit  follow
answered Oct 7 at 10:30
Henning Kockerbeck
5,26311 gold badge2626 silver badges29


Is there any way to display time in UTC on the panel?

The GNOME clock applet, can't display two times on the panel, but it can show two times in the drop down.

Right click on the clock and select "Preferences." Goto the "Locations" tab and press "add."

Then, select "Greenwich Mean Time" from the "Timezone" list.


How to run a shell script on Ubuntu-touch?

Looks like a bug in the ubuntu-terminal-app.

The bug description mentions a workaround:

  It seems to work when I use bash ./testscript.

The ./ is optional


Kubuntu 16.04 no wifi driver not ethernet port

Do you have a smartphone with an active internet connection? If you have, then you can use your phone's internet through USB cable. You only need to turn on USB tethering and connect it to your Kubuntu PC. Or another way is to connect through Bluetooth by turning on Bluetooth tethering.
To install wifi driver, first of all, check which brand's adapter you have through the command lsusb, you will get the list of all the USB devices installed on your computer.

Here, in my case, I have a Realtek adapter, so I have installed the RTL driver.
You may have Broadcom or maybe another adapter.


The SD card and external hard drives are not readable on tablet BQ M10

This may be bug #1592421  which is should be fixed in OTA-12.


Infinite computer reboot loop when the Ubuntu disk inserted

It takes some time to load all the things that are needed from the disk before Ubuntu can actually start up. It takes even more time if you are using a disk instead of a USB stick (quicker access on flash memory).

Did you try to wait more than one minute ?

Also can you make sure that your Ubuntu image (the one that you burnt on the disk) is not corrupted ?

I would try to boot from a flash drive just to make sure it is not related to memory access. See this guide to create your bootable stick.


kubuntu 11.10 okular annotations save folder-files

To share an annotated document with someone else, you'll need to
  export it as an Okular document archive from the File menu.

The annotations are kept in /home/username/.kde/share/apps/okular/docdata.

Hope that this will help.

 Source: wilderssecurity


Can I use a list of file names that I saved to file to have each file on the list copied/moved/deleted?

Use bash's command substitution:

$ ls -1
1
2
3
a
b
c

Put only a, b, c into a list file.

$ ls -1 | grep -E "^[a-z]$" > list
$ cat list
a
b
c

Edit the list file if you like, then copy the files:

$ mkdir foo
$ cp $(cat list) -t foo
$ ls foo/
a  b  c


lighthttpd won't install - Depends: libssl1.1 (>= 1.1.0) but it is not going to be installed

I see two options:

Try to install libssl manually (the exact version from official repository):

sudo apt install libssl1.1=1.1.0g-2ubuntu4.3

Remove ppa:ondrej/php from the system:

sudo apt install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:ondrej/php

and then install lighttpd

sudo apt install lighttpd


How can I transliterate a foreign language into IPA?

Use espeak -q --ipa to convert text input to IPA.

Option -q means "quiet" -- in this case literally "don't speak".

First check that it supports the language:

$ espeak --voices
Pty Language Age/Gender VoiceName          File          Other Languages
...
 5  ga             -  irish-gaeilge        europe/ga
...

Then specify the language and feed the line:

$ espeak -q -v ga --ipa "’Sé mo Shaesar, ghille mear"
 ʃˈeː mɐ hˈeːʃɐr
 ʁjˈɪlʲlə mˈar

I don't know why the output has leading spaces and a linebreak, but feeding it into echo will remove them:

$ echo $(espeak -q -v ga --ipa "’Sé mo Shaesar, ghille mear")
ʃˈeː mɐ hˈeːʃɐr ʁjˈɪlʲlə mˈar

Use while read to do the whole lyrics:

$ while read line; do
>     echo $(espeak -q -v ga --ipa "$line")
> done < "Mo Ghille Mear.txt"
ʃˈeː mɐ ləˈeːəx mɐ ʁjˈɪlʲlə mˈar
ʃˈeː mɐ hˈeːʃɐr ʁjˈɪlʲlə mˈar
nʲˈiː ˈuəɹɐs fˈeːn ˈeːən t̪ˈuən nɑː ʃˈeːn
ˈoː xˈui̯ɡ ɪ ɡʲˈeːn mɐ ʁjˈɪlʲlə mˈar
...


You need to install the PostgreSQL server: https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Apt

And install the lib necessary for the pg gem:

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev

It should work after that.


Roll back of Ubuntu installation possible to get a WIN7 partition back?

When you do an "alongside Windows" install, the installer resizes the first partition and sticks a new one in after it for Ubuntu. That's what happened and that's why your "C" drive is smaller.

Furthermore, Windows uses a thoroughly broken logical approach to drive naming. So if you insert another partition into a system (as has happened here), Windows doesn't have a clue what to do. I'll stop raging on the inadequacies of Windows and let you read this:

http://windows.microsoft.com/en-GB/windows-vista/Change-add-or-remove-a-drive-letter

You can manually change the letter assigned to a partition. Do that and fix your "programs drive" back to D. That should fix Windows for you.

After that,

If you still want to use Ubuntu you can try fixing the Grub bootloader which doesn't appear to have detected the right disk to install its bootloader onto. You have a non-standard setup so you might find that just changing the boot priority of the system in your BIOS will fix that.
If you don't, nuke that partition (you can do that from Windows or the LiveCD) and resize your C drive back up. This will probably play havoc with your D drive again, but you can fix that.


Is there any software that can manage clocking in and out available for Ubuntu?

DISCLAIMER: I have not tested any of the programs below, nor do I know if they're safe to download and free of any risks. Please evaluate, download and use at your own risk. I will not be liable for any damage or inconveniences caused.

Time Clock/Employee Attendance Applications for Linux

I had been looking for about an hour for you - so I could actually answer your question instead of submitting an oversized advertisement. And... I hit the jackpot.

Here are a list of applications that suit your needs:

TimeTrex Payroll and Time Management 2.2.2 - Free

About: TimeTrex is a complete web-based Payroll and Time Management suite which offers Employee Scheduling, Time and Attendance (time clock, timesheet), Job Costing, Invoicing / Accounts Receivable and Payroll all in single tightly integrated package. With the ability to interface with hardware such as iButtons, barcode readers and cell phones employees are able to efficiently track their time at the office or on the road. Automatically calculate complex over time and premium time business policies and immediately be able to identify labor costs attributed to projects by employee, branch, department, task-type and quantities produced. Finally TimeTrex can process your payroll by calculating withholding taxes, generate detailed electronic pay stubs and even print paychecks or direct deposit funds.

Download

actiTIME Server 1.5 - Free

About:
actiTIME is a free time-tracking software for management and billing. This easy-to-use web based timesheet allows you to collect time expenses and generate reports. Each actiTIME user is granted individual access rights and one of these allows the manager to enter and modify time-track of other users. actiTIME supports both billable and non-billable tasks and, moreover, it allows data export to QuickBooks. Free support is available!

Download

Alternatively, you could use a Windows application in WINE

Wine (originally an acronym for "Wine Is Not an Emulator") is a compatibility layer capable of running Windows applications on several POSIX-compliant operating systems, such as Linux, Mac OSX, & BSD. Instead of simulating internal Windows logic like a virtual machine or emulator, Wine translates Windows API calls into POSIX calls on-the-fly, eliminating the performance and memory penalties of other methods and allowing you to cleanly integrate Windows applications into your desktop.

Check if the desired program is compatible

If you find an application you like, try downloading WINE and testing it out. It can be tricky if you had to pay for the product and it doesn't work - but it's worth a shot. You can search for compatible programs above - but keep in mind not all applications that work are listed. Most haven't been tested.

I included this information because I thought your boss may be interested in taking a more official and trustworthy route to using Ubuntu in his/her business. It's a hassle looking around for information, so I thought it would be useful to include it in one place (here!) and also for future reference.

What is Ubuntu for business?

Canonical Ltd. - the makers of Ubuntu - provide a 'business remix' of the Ubuntu desktop. This is designed for business, rather than home usage. It comes preloaded with many apps and tools ready and helpful to your business.

How can I download the Business Remix of Ubuntu Desktop?

You must fill out a short form at the bottom of the page stating your personal details, which will be in the strictest of confidence, abiding by the Ubuntu Privacy Poilcy.

You will also need to provide details about your workplace, to further help improve Ubuntu for business. It is also kept privately.

Finally, you must agree to the EULA.

After that, you are free to download!

What are the features of Ubuntu Desktop Business Remix?

Ubuntu Business Desktop Remix is a starting point for large-scale corporate desktop deployments. It is inspired by a review of common changes made by IT departments deploying Ubuntu at scale.

The remix retains all the goodness of an Ubuntu Long-Term Support (LTS) release and is compatible with all Ubuntu certified hardware, apps and tools, adding business-focused tools from the standard Ubuntu and partner archives and removing home-user oriented apps. There are no modified or enhanced packages in the remix and it gets its security updates from the same place as standard Ubuntu; it’s just a convenient starting point that includes many common changes made by IT administrators deploying Ubuntu in a corporate setting.

This first LTS-based release includes the Adobe Flash Plugin, VMware View, and the OpenJDK 6 Java run-time environment, while removing social networking software, file sharing apps, games and development/sysadmin tools. We now include full language support and both 32 and 64-bit builds, just the same as Ubuntu.

The result is a simple base image that can be deployed into your corporate environment or used as a starting point for further customisation. Users also benefit from great new features like built-in Microsoft Windows RDP 7.1 support and the Microsoft Visio diagram importer in LibreOffice Draw.

Installation images are available now for free download with registration below. Deployments can be supported through a standard Ubuntu Advantage agreement from Canonical, or unpaid. Management of large scale desktop deployments, either of this remix or standard Ubuntu, is best achieved with Canonical’s Landscape management tool. Archives, packages and updates are identical to all other Ubuntu images.

- Taken from here. Visit the official Ubuntu business portal.

What is Ubuntu Landscape?

The Landscape systems management tool helps you monitor, manage and update your entire Ubuntu infrastructure from a single interface. Part of Canonical’s Ubuntu Advantage support service, Landscape brings you intuitive systems management tools combined with world-class support.

Why use Landscape for your business?

Solves the hardest management problems, including building and maintaining software repositories, managing different machine profiles, delegating permissions at a granular level, auditing others actions and accessing asset information in real time.
Integration with common client-side Linux sysadmin tooling so you can see the same information about individual machines as you see in the terminal.
A complete API lets you use established technologies (e.g. Bash, Python) to borrow or build on Landscape's functionality.
Custom scripts need only be written to allow for the business logic unique to your organisation; common tasks (e.g. repository management) are already covered, so there's no need to re-invent the wheel.
You can manage machines remotely from anywhere you can access a web browser.
Receive alerts when updates become available for specific machines, or manage auto-update policies, instructing devices to update during set maintenance windows.
RBAC features for delegating certain activities on specific machines to others - reducing your workload without sacrificing control.
Automation for repetitive tasks at scale helps ensure uniformity across your IT estate and eliminates the costs associated with rectifying human errors.
By reducing the number of administrators required for basic, day-to-day management, your teams are free to focus on more productive activities that deliver value to your organisation.
Custom reporting makes regulatory compliance significantly less problematic, costly and time-consuming.
Unlike in-house systems that may have grown organically, Landscape scales with your environment, enabling you to manage up to 40,000 machines with a single instance.
Thanks to an extensive, scriptable API, Landscape can be easily integrated with your current configuration management, monitoring and ticketing systems.
Updates and future versions are delivered at no cost, because Landscape is part of the Ubuntu Advantage service subscription.
Landscape can be used to manage desktop, server and cloud deployments, or subsets of those deployments that you define when you subscribe to Ubuntu Advantage.

You can try Landscape free for 30 days!

If you do not wish to use Ubuntu Business or Landscape:

Does Ubuntu Landscape and the Ubuntu Business Remix sound like something you're not looking for? Below are a few suggestions about how to solve your issue other ways:

Make your own application or have it made

There are many people in the Ubuntu community willing to help you design and build your own app doing everything you need. If you have knowledge in a programming language like C, C++ or Python - you could build it yourself. I'm not a app developer, so I can't be of much help - but there are plenty of forums to get help in.


I would suggest you take a look at PDFcrop.

If you wish to crop a pdf with left, top, right and bottom margins of 5, 10, 20, and 30 pt (points), then run

pdfcrop --margins '5 10 20 30' input.pdf output.pdf

in terminal. To actually crop something away, use negative values in the argument for crop. For example,

pdfcrop --margins '-50 -50 -50 -50' input.pdf output.pdf

crops 50 pts from the left, top, right, bottom (in this order).

If you run only the command pdfcrop input, it will output a file titled input-crop.pdf with zero margins. I find this very handy when including pdf illustrations in documents.

Cropping multiple files

Unfortunately, pdfcrop cannot crop multiple files at the time. It is however easy to write a script that will crop all pdfs in the folder the script is located in.

Create a new empty file, and call it something.sh. Open it with a text editor and insert the following:

#!/bin/bash
for FILE in ./*.pdf; do
  pdfcrop "${FILE}"
done

Save it, and close. Then right click the file, go to Properties > Permissions and check the field Allow executing file as program. Now close the dialog. Run the script by double clicking it and choosing Run in Terminal. And new, zero-margin cropped version of all pdfs with suffix -crop will now be printed in the folder. If you want margins or other things, you can of course just open the script and add arguments after pdfcrop.


Apply primary-toolbar background behind GtkEntry widget with GTK3

It is called primary-toolbar style because it should be applied only to primary toolbar.

In Gtk, toolbars by default can hold only ToolButtons, but there is the ToolItem class, which does not have a visual represntation.

That is created because it can embed other widgets.
ToolItem has add method which you can use like :

my_tool_item.add(my_box)
where my_box contains your entry

Then you can add your tool item to toolbar
my_toolbar.insert(my_tool_item,index)

Your toolbar of course has called :
get_style_context().add_class(Gtk.STYLE_CLASS_PRIMARY_TOOLBAR)

The reason why you cannot use "primary-toolbar" with non Toolbar widgets is most probably because in .css files it is defined like :

GtkToolbar.primary-toolbar

{

    /* style info*/

}


How to play video using FFmpeg on Ubuntu?

First you have to install ffmpeg.

Open a terminal and execute :

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

Navigate to the folder containing the video file and execute :

ffplay <video-file-name-including-the-file-extension>

Or open Nautilus file manager, right-click the folder containing the video file, open in terminal ...

Examples (one with spaces in the file name and one without) :

ffplay Type-C-Hypervisors.mp4

ffplay "OpenStack for Everybody.mp4"


The error messages show that there is an issue with the bios. I see that the latest bios version is 1401 which was released on 12/11/2019.
The release notes state

Version 1401 2019/12/118.37 MBytes
PRIME Z390-A BIOS 1401
Improve Memory overclocking rules
Improved compatibility with the Intel H10 Optane Module
Fixed an issue that prevented the adjustment of the Tjmax parameter when using an i9-9900KS processor

If this is not the version that you are running then you should update to it. The user manual shows that you can upgrade the bios by either downloading it here, and then loading it onto a flash drive, or installing it over the internet.
One cool feature of this board is the ability to update the bios over the internet from within the bios itself. Here are the instructions on how to do that as listed by the user manual

To update the BIOS by Internet:

Enter the Advanced Mode of the BIOS setup program. Go to the Tool menu to select ASUS EZ Flash Utility and press .

Select by Internet

Press the Left/Right arrow keys to select an Internet connection method, and then press .

Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the update.

Reboot the system when the update process is done

It is always critical that you do not accidentally poweroff the machine during a bios updates or the machine can become unusable. Be sure you have enough time to complete the process before starting.


Write speeds are fast to begin with because the blocks of data are being cached and are in the process of being eventually written back to the slow device.  After some time, the available memory for caching will run out and you then get throttled back to the speed of the underlying USB device. So this is why you see the performance drop over time for a large write to the USB device.   So I expect you have a USB pendrive that has fast read access but slow writes, and the caching effect makes it seem that it fast to begin with but ultimately you are seeing the native write speed of your flash device.


Thanks.   Jacob's solution is just what I was looking for.

<screen> is meant to replace the specific input that you need to provide to xrandr.  To find out what that name of the input is, look at the first acronym that appears just before the list of numbers when you run xrandr.  In my case these were LVDS1 and VGA1 (the first is my laptop, the second my external monitor).

In case anyone is interested, here are the four commands that I used for the four items I added to a panel's launcher:

xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --rotate left --left-of LVDS1 (This rotates my monitor in portrait mode, keeping it to the left of my laptop's monitor)

xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --rotate normal --left-of LVDS1 (This rotates my external monitor horizontally, say because I want to watch a video. It also keeps it to the left of my monitor).

xrandr --output LVDS1 --auto --right-of VGA1 (This turns on my laptop monitor, placing it to the right of my external monitor)

xrandr --output LVDS1 --off (This turns off my laptop monitor)


Try to install by following method:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gdebi
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lsb/lsb-core_4.1+Debian11ubuntu6_i386.deb
sudo gdebi lsb-core_4.1+Debian11ubuntu6_i386.deb


How to install TP-LINK T2UH Wireless adapter Driver (Ralink mt7610u)

Connect to internet by wire, then run in terminal

sudo apt-get install git build-essential
git clone https://github.com/Myria-de/mt7610u_wifi_sta_v3002_dpo_20130916.git
cd mt7610u_wifi_sta_v3002_dpo_20130916
make
sudo make install
sudo mkdir -p /etc/Wireless/RT2870STA
sudo cp RT2870STA.dat  /etc/Wireless/RT2870STA/RT2870STA.dat

Reboot.

The dongle should work. The only problem is that you will have to re-install it after each kernel upgrade.

But if you keep the driver folder mt7610u_wifi_sta_v3002_dpo_20130916, then it will be quite easy.

You will need to run only

cd mt7610u_wifi_sta_v3002_dpo_20130916
make
sudo make install

after a kernel upgrade.

It is also possible to install it using DKMS. In this case it will rebuild automatically on kernel upgrades.


Guake terminal hiding on AltGr - can't type pipes

I've found a workaround that actually solves the problem for me, if only temporarily1: restart the window manager. Using Unity, this can be done by running

compiz --replace &

in a terminal.

But be careful!

Compiz spits out an aweful lot of gore in the terminal - the first time I did this I forgot the & and my initial reaction to the gore was Ctrl+C - killing my window manager.

It is (supposedly, I never tried it myself) possible to recover, using tricks like Ctrl+Shift+<number> to get to a TTY terminal, and run

DISPLAY=:0 compiz --replace &

but tread carefully anyway. Save all your stuff before trying this, in case you do something stoopid and need to reboot.

Credits:

I probably wouldn't have figured this out without looking in the bug report which falconer brought to my attention.

1) I haven't had this problem since, though. Touch wood 'n' stuff.


Limit the upload speed to prevent the outgoing buffers in your network from filling up. With unlimited upload speed these buffers quickly fill introducing a network lag of up to several seconds in the outgoing direction. Since this lag also effects TCP control packets, it affects with your download speed as well. You want to limit your rate to just below the maximum throughput of your network so that the buffers don't fill.


Ubuntu Mate Macbook hangs on shutdown and reboot

I have no idea what caused it but after a few cycles and updates it has fixed itself. Go Ubuntu!


You could try this, maybe your system's dependencies are broken by any means. You can fix it by just typing the following commands in terminal. By Pressing Ctrl + Alt + T, which opens your Terminal.

sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get update

You may also try this:

12.04 update-manager problem


ubuntu 14.04: How to compress a directory which have symlinks?

Actually, a simple search reveals an anwer. The standard zip utility that comes with Ubuntu (Info-ZIP) comes with an option that allows to store symlinks as symlinks. By default, symlinks are dereferenced, i.e., the actual file linked to is included in the zip, as you experienced. The command might look like:

zip --symlinks -r foo.zip foo/

(credit goes to the Server Fault site)

You may consider using compressed tar archive formats instead for this task. The tar archive format by design supports linux file system features including symbolic links, file permissions, whereas zip originally has its origins rather in the MS Windows environment.


Synergy's menus go dark about 20 seconds after launching the application

Ah the joys of forced 3d support.  You can still boot into gnome-fallback mode.  That should disable 3D window decorations for you...before you log in check the other session options.


The problem here is that you've increased the disk size within VirtualBox, but not within the Ubuntu operating system within the guest environment. You can achieve this by having the guest boot into some disk management software, I would suggest using GParted.

So you'd get the gparted.iso file on your host system, attach it to your vm as an optical disk (dvd), and boot the VM into it. Using Gparted, you would expand the partition which contains your root filesystem. When you detach gparted and boot the VM back as Ubuntu, you will see the new space being used.

Gparted is pretty safe, but it's always worth making a backup before doing anything with disks and partitions, even if they're virtual!


sftp ssh tunneling and Nautilus (Ubuntu 20.04)

I think it's better to use the protocol SSHFS. It use SSH and SFTP but with this protocol you can mount a remote HardDisk or SSD.
sudo apt install sshfs
To manage this you need to open ssh port and in the client digit:
sudo sshfs -o allow_other your_username@192.168.1.5:/where/your_ssd/is_mount /where/you_want/to_mount
sshfs is the protocol
-o allow_other is necessary for ubuntu system.
username@ip_addres where the real Hardisk or SSD is mount.
:/where/your_ssd/is_mount  the server point of mount
/where/you_want/to_mount  the client point of mount


Please remember to include the command that's producing the error as well.

In this case I am guessing that you copy-pasted the gcc command line from somewhere and the punctuation got mangled

$ gcc -o hello ‘pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv‘ hello.cpp
gcc: error: ‘pkg-config: No such file or directory
gcc: error: opencv‘: No such file or directory
gcc: error: unrecognized option ‘--cflags’
gcc: error: unrecognized option ‘--libs’

The correct punctuation around the pkg-config string should be "backticks" not the forward ticks ‘ ... ‘ that you seem to have i.e.

$ gcc -o hello `pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv` hello.cpp


At time of installation it asked to create one user and that user is in sudo group. so whenever you run any command with sudo it will ask that user password not root. so no need of root password , but if you want to set password then you can
set password using command:

 sudo passwd

or

sudo passwd root


How to install elementary OS Openbox theme in Lubuntu 16.10?

The problem with that theme is it doesn't respect the file structure of an Openbox theme, because it should contain a top level directory with the name of the theme.

Hint: You can use file-roller or other archivers to see the contents of an .obt file (it seems to be just a zip file with an obt extension).

Anyway, I couldn't install the theme either using lxappearance (Customize Look). So here's what I did:

1) Open a terminal.

2) Create a directory to contain the files:

mkdir Elementary-openbox

3) Extract the archive files:

unzip -d Elementary-openbox /path/to/163471-elementary-os-05102014.obt

(replace /path/to with an actual path)

4) Move the theme:

mv Elementary-openbox $HOME/.themes

Now the theme should be installed as Elementary-openbox.

Hint: Openbox and GTK themes are installed globally to /usr/share/themes and locally to /home/{username}/.themes. Writing to /usr/share/themes requires root access.

Problems with directory and its permissions

Additionaly, if you have any problems copying the theme files to $HOME/.themes this may be of help:

We will be using a terminal, so open one.

Check that the directory exists:

stat $HOME/.themes <- this command will complain if a file or dir doesn't exist.

If it doesn't exist, create it: mkdir $HOME/.themes
If the file does exist, check your permissions:

myuser@myhost:~/some/path$ ls -al $HOME/.themes
drwxrwxr-x  8 myuser mygroup 4096 mar  1 02:24 .
^           ^   ^       ^      ^   ^   ^   ^   ^
|           |   |       |      |   |   |   |   |
col. #1     #2  #3      #4     #5  #6  #7  #8  #9

Note: We only care about the line for the file whose name is the dot (.), that is the 9th column, which refers to the $HOME/.themes directory.

2.1. First, verify that you are the directory's owner (given by the third column, 'myuser' in this case), not root, not anyone else. If you are not the owner, change the directory's ownership with sudo chown -R {username}: $HOME/.themes.

2.2. Now, lets verify the permissions. From the same output we checked before, the first column indicates permissions, this one may be a bit tricky to understand. I'll break it down for you:

In my example, ls gave us drwxrwxr-x, we don't really care about the first letter d, it just indicates that we are dealing with a directory. Now, the next letters (r, w, x) we do care about, lets split them into sets of three or less, starting from the left. If you get other letters, like s or t, ignore them. If you have less than 3 letters, but they would repeat if put together, then they belong to a different set. Here's how the sets would look like:

rwx               indicates file owner permissions
   rwx            indicates group permissions
      r-x         indicates anyone else's (other) permissions

The w indicates Write permission, you should see it in the first set (file owner). If you don't, give yourself that permission issuing the following command: chmod ug+w $HOME/.themes.

Now you should be able to follow the first part of the instructions or use lxappearance to install other valid themes.

If you launch lxappearance as a normal user it will install themes locally. To install themes globally (for all users), launch lxappearance as root.


Remember to quote special characters, I wrote this answer covering this topic.

That can actually be done with a single sed call:

<moon sed -e 's/.*/echo "&"/' -e '1s_^_#!/bin/bash\n_' >moon.bash

This takes moon as the input file, the first expression substitutes every line with “echo "original line content"”, the second one substitutes the first line‘s beginning with the shebang followed by a newline character, and the output is stored as moon.bash.

If you use it regularly, I recommend adding it as a function to your ~/.bashrc file, e.g.:

ascii_convert(){ <$1 sed -e 's/.*/echo "&"/' -e '1s_^_#!/bin/bash\n_' >$1.bash ;}

(Don’t forget to save the file and source it with . ~/.bashrc ) This way you can convert any file with a simple:

ascii_convert moon

Example run

$ cat moon
1
2
3
$ ascii_convert moon
$ cat moon.bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "1"
echo "2"
echo "3"


If you go to Sound Settings from the volume icon in the panel, you can click "Allow louder than 100%" - this might improve your volume.

If it's something hardware-related, maybe some others would be able to help

I hope this helps in some way.


Ubuntu 17.04 why chrome-remote loops back ubuntu default dekstop environment?

I have found out one reason for loop login: I had installed Chrome Remote Desktop to my laptop. I uninstalled Chrome Remote Desktop, and that solved the problem. Now I can log in to both desktop type Ubuntu Default and Unity8 without any problem.

To uninstall Chrome Remote Desktop:

Go to a terminal from the login screen with: Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Enter the command: sudo apt-get autoremove chrome-remote-desktop.
Reboot the system.


Manage ubuntu 11.10 desktop from server webconsole

With so many desktops, why don't you contact Canonical? They're experts. It's what they do. You're not saying why you're looking for an alternative to Landscape. You're actually not saying much at all.

If you just want to manage users, storage, etc, then an LDAP+NFS-setup might be appropriate and you have lots of software to manage those services. If you want to upgrade many computers at the same time, then it's possible to do that using ssh and some scripts. But until you provide more information about your needs and why Landscape isn't suitable, it's impossible to provide a detailed answer.


Create Live ISO from installed Ubuntu with data for future install like SUPER OS

The Systemback tool allows you to create restore points, backups, and live images of a running system.

I use it to make a "Master Backup" if something is really broken. Systemback creates a full system image for restore, either save it to USB or create a bootable Live CD (ISO file) with option to restore full system.

You won't find Systemback in the standard repositories, so you must first add the repo with the command:

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:nemh/systemback

Update Repo:

sudo apt-get update

Install Systemback:

sudo apt-get install systemback

Run Systemback from Dash, if you need any other guidlines on that tool ask here or check the Google how to run it, there are some usefull guides on it.

EDIT: Try this guide


Ubuntu 18.04 Has switched over to GNOME. The dash button has been replaced with "Show Applications" Button, 3x3 grid of dots, in the bottom left corner of the screen.


how to see the home or recent files in guest account of admin account

Here is the File Located

/home/youruser/.local/share/recently-used.xbel

This file will be in metadata format And i Don't know How to View it ...


Does Ubuntu for windows have GPU support?

Not yet, though it is the most-requested feature on our UserVoice ;)


How to check SSL is enabled for Apache2 or Not

In case you haven't already done so, do a:

service apache2 restart

after the a2enmod ssl you just did.

Then, you use the following command to test SSL:

curl -vk https://localhost/ -o /dev/null


BitTorrent client that shows download and upload speed graph?

Try Vuze, It is availiavle in ubuntu software centre..


With a working temporary internet connection:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential git
git clone https://github.com/abperiasamy/rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux.git
cd rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rtl8812au

It 'makes' with a couple of possibly harmless warnings but no errors on my system.

After Update Manager installs a later kernel version, also known as linux-image, and after the required reboot, recompile:

cd ~/rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux
make clean
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rtl8812au

Please retain the file and these instructions for that time.


The answer of dadexix86 doesn't work all the time.

At first, I did what he proposed and it worked.

But later on, when the issue reappeared, I found that I had to delete the megasync.lock file inside
"/home/user/.local/share/data/Mega Limited/MEGAsync/".

Doing that, it worked like a charm.


Move specific files by extension into folder and rename dublicates if any

First, I will show you the directory structure. I am moving txt files from src1 to dest1
.
├── dest1
└── src1
    ├── abc.txt
    ├── adx.txt
    ├── logs
    │   ├── nft.txt
    │   ├── orm.txt
    │   └── yuy
    ├── lol
    ├── nft.txt
    ├── orm.txt
    └── yuy

You can use the command
find src1/ -regextype sed -regex '.*/*\.txt' -exec mv --backup=t -t dest1/ {} +

Where src1 is the source folder containing txt files and dst1 is the destination folder. If in case file with the same name exist, the file name will be suffixed with .~1~
.
├── dest1
│   ├── abc.txt
│   ├── adx.txt
│   ├── nft.txt
│   ├── nft.txt.~1~
│   ├── orm.txt
│   └── orm.txt.~1~
└── src1
    ├── logs
    │   └── yuy
    ├── lol
    └── yuy


Is there a google-reader like rss reader which I could install to my own host

Here are some FLOSS web-based feed readers that I know of:

Perl

Urchin

PHP

Feed on Feeds
Gregarius
Lilina
lylina
Monkeychow
Newswall (CC licenced)
Rnews
Rsslounge
Tiny tiny rss (see Alin Andreis answer for features)

Python

NewsBlur
Planet Planet (it's more for a planet, but could work as personal feed aggregator, too)
Rawdog


How to sync files on 2 computers using an ethernet cable (offline)?

You do need to set IP addresses manually, both on netbook and notebook.  The addresses must be on the same subnet.

As for the sync, you may use RSYNC over SSH to achieve this.  The command is as follow:

$ rsync -avzgroupP -e ssh origin_folder login@dst_machine:destination_folder

Pay attention to the folder notation.  If you add the / to the end of the directory, RSYNC will start to copy/put files from this point on but if you omit the /, then RSYNC will copy the folder itself and onward.


Press Ctrl + Alt + F1, log in there and issue the following commands:

sudo killall Xorg
mv -v ~/.config/compiz-1 ~/.config/compiz-1.BAD
mv -v ~/.config/dconf ~/.config/dconf.BAD

After that press Ctrl + Alt + F7, and try to log in.


With separate X displays you could try launching xbmc with the DISPLAY=:1 environment variable, e.g.:

brad0383@yourcomputer:$ DISPLAY=:1 xbmc --fullscreen

Please note the I don't use XBMC so the flag for fullscreen might be different but should be easily discovered in the man page.


well, Not redhat per-se, but Centos, yes.

You can see all the images at the linuxcontainers.org site.

And, here is an example on my ubuntu 16.04 machine:

dpb@helo:~[]$ lxc image list images: |grep -i centos
| centos/6/amd64 (1 more)         | ac4253d28519 | yes    | Centos 6 (amd64) (20170818_02:16)          | x86_64  | 66.21MB  | Aug 18, 2017 at 2:31am (UTC)  |
| centos/6/i386 (1 more)          | 5619584e8da1 | yes    | Centos 6 (i386) (20170818_02:16)           | i686    | 66.15MB  | Aug 18, 2017 at 2:32am (UTC)  |
| centos/7/amd64 (1 more)         | dafefb5f0a63 | yes    | Centos 7 (amd64) (20170818_02:16)          | x86_64  | 65.27MB  | Aug 18, 2017 at 2:33am (UTC)  |
|                                 | 293e05de21c1 | yes    | Centos 6 (amd64) (20170817_02:16)          | x86_64  | 66.25MB  | Aug 17, 2017 at 2:31am (UTC)  |
|                                 | 36c0db7cee4d | yes    | Centos 6 (i386) (20170817_02:16)           | i686    | 66.13MB  | Aug 17, 2017 at 2:32am (UTC)  |
|                                 | 999e1d3d5a52 | yes    | Centos 7 (amd64) (20170816_02:16)          | x86_64  | 65.27MB  | Aug 16, 2017 at 2:33am (UTC)  |
|                                 | a22d66494d46 | yes    | Centos 7 (amd64) (20170817_02:16)          | x86_64  | 65.29MB  | Aug 17, 2017 at 2:33am (UTC)  |
|                                 | f71860cca3e8 | yes    | Centos 6 (amd64) (20170816_02:16)          | x86_64  | 66.22MB  | Aug 16, 2017 at 2:31am (UTC)  |
|                                 | f884baaed792 | yes    | Centos 6 (i386) (20170816_02:16)           | i686    | 66.15MB  | Aug 16, 2017 at 2:32am (UTC)  |
dpb@helo:~[]$ lxc launch images:centos/7/amd64 centos-7
Creating centos-7
Starting centos-7
dpb@helo:~[]$ lxc exec centos-7 -- cat /etc/os-release /etc/centos-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)


ubuntu 19.10 64 bit upside down initial display

After poking around on the net, I found the same problem with 18.04 and a suggested answer. The suggestion (xrandr -o normal fixed the problem and the display is now normal.


Try this sequence in your terminal :

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get -f install

and next:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

if you want to upgrade your distribution run this:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

then:

sudo reboot

Enjoy your Ubuntu! :)


OpenSource ATI driver - Fan running at full speed all the time

This Ati fan control post worked for me in ubuntu and I also use this in Archlinux.


Packaging a theme isn't much different than any other kind of packaging. There are a number of other questions under the packaging tag that might help you out. There are also a number of links to tutorials on the tag wiki. The way that I learned packaging, and that I like to suggest to others, is to simply look at packages like yours. apt-get source something similar and learn by example.

Though, let me start you off in the right direction. (This answer is very similar to my answer about packaging python scripts.)

Here's your basic source package layout:

my-theme/
    -- my-theme/
    -- debian/
        -- changelog
        -- copyright
        -- compat
        -- rules
        -- control
        -- install

Run dch --create in the directory to create a properly formatted debian/changelog entry.

debian/copyright should look like:

Format: http://svn.debian.org/wsvn/dep/web/deps/dep5.mdwn?op=file&rev=174
Upstream-Name: myScript
Upstream-Contact: Name, <email@address>

Files: *
Copyright: 2011, Name, <email@address>
License: (GPL-2+ | LGPL-2 | GPL-3 | whatever)
 Full text of licence.
 .
 Unless there is a it can be found in /usr/share/common-licenses

debian/compat can just be: 7

debian/rules:

#!/usr/bin/make -f

%:
    dh $@

debian/control:

Source: my-theme
Section: gnome
Priority: optional
Maintainer: Name, <email@address>
Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 7)
Standards-Version: 3.9.2
Homepage: http:///www.example.com

Package: my-theme
Architecture: all
Depends: ${misc:Depends}
Description: short description
 A long description goes here.
 .
 It can contain multiple paragraphss

If you need a specific theme engine for your theme, make sure that you put that on the Depends line as well.

debian/install:

my-theme usr/share/themes

Now build it with debuild --no-tgz-check

This will create a functional deb package. Lintian is going to throw a few warnings regarding the lack of an orig.tar.gz, but unless you plan on creating a proper upstream project that makes tarball releases you'll probably just want to ignore that for now.

If you want to put different variations into separate deb packages, take a look at: How to have Debian packaging generate two packages given an upstream source archive?

How to upload to a PPA is covered in more detail on Launchpad, but essentially what you need to do is upload the files with: dput ppa:your-lp-id/ppa /path/to/your/source.changes

If you haven't created you PPA yet, that is covered here.


Can't install .deb files on Ubuntu GNOME 17.04

I found the solution in this post on Unix & Linux SE
The post has 3 solutions. I used this one:

You can install it using
sudo dpkg -i /path/to/deb/file followed by sudo apt-get install -f

Atom launched and is installed


For computers that get their IP address via dchp, the default client file, /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf, includes asking for what the host-name should be in the request:

request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers,
        domain-name, domain-name-servers, domain-search, host-name,
        dhcp6.name-servers, dhcp6.domain-search, dhcp6.fqdn, dhcp6.sntp-servers,
        netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope, interface-mtu,
        rfc3442-classless-static-routes, ntp-servers;

You can remove that from the request:

request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers,
        domain-name, domain-name-servers, domain-search,
        dhcp6.name-servers, dhcp6.domain-search, dhcp6.fqdn, dhcp6.sntp-servers,
        netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope, interface-mtu,
        rfc3442-classless-static-routes, ntp-servers;

I am not sure if: There might be unintended side effects; The domain-name should also be deleted from the request.


how to make Hp wireless headset h8000 work in ubuntu 12.04

look you have to connect the headset , then go to system settings ,click in SOUND and there you will find the option "output" that said  "play sound through" and there it have to be the headset,so you choose it and there you go
And for go back for the normal audio (speakers) you just select it in the same place
good luck¡


Execution gets stopped in ssh remote server

Based on the comments section:
Your script is most likely to be terminated by the remote OS when the SSH connection is closed, either by the remote server or by the local machine.
Why does the remote machine close the connection?
This is the default security configuration for SSH servers - closing a session when the maximum allowed session time is reached, or the maximum allowed idle time is reached.
Why are processes started by the remote user are terminated once logged out?
The answer is even more simple than security reasons: ssh logout is almost equivalent to a local user logging out of their system, thus terminating all of the the processes started by them. The system sends a SIGHUP to each process - a signal that causes them to begin a termination procedure.
How to avoid this process termination after ssh logout?
Once connected to the remote machine using SSH, we can simply run a command / script using nohup to ignore this signal when logging out:
nohup <script_or_program> &

In your case:
nohup mpirun -np 20 pw.x < input.in > output.out &

Each process we want to persist after logout has to be started using nohup.
Important note about nohup:
Unless our process terminates by itself, from this point if we want to terminate it manually (either by remote or local connection), we'll have to manually send a SIGKILL signal to the process using the kill command:
kill -9 <process_id>


sudo snap refresh gimp --edge

sudo snap connect gimp:cups-control


Import python bindings for meta Tracker introspection

To search for any libraries that might be needed for tracker I did:

sudo apt-cache search tracker | grep meta

which turned up the following leads:

libtracker-sparql-0.14-0 - metadata database, indexer and search tool - library
libtracker-sparql-0.14-dev - metadata database, indexer and search tool - development files
libtracker-sparql-doc - metadata database, indexer and search tool - API documentation
mktorrent - simple command line utility to create BitTorrent metainfo files
tracker - metadata database, indexer and search tool
tracker-dbg - metadata database, indexer and search tool - debugging symbols
tracker-explorer - metadata database, indexer and search tool - developer tool
tracker-extract - metadata database, indexer and search tool - metadata extractors
tracker-gui - metadata database, indexer and search tool - GNOME frontends
tracker-miner-fs - metadata database, indexer and search tool - filesystem indexer
tracker-utils - metadata database, indexer and search tool - commandline tools

I'd already done a sudo apt-get install tracker* so I wasn't missing any of the core utilities or debug symbols so the next obvious lead was...

sudo apt-get install libtracker-*

which installed ever thing I could possibly need:

The following NEW packages will be installed:
  gir1.2-tracker-0.14 libtracker-extract-0.14-dev libtracker-extract-doc libtracker-miner-0.14-dev libtracker-miner-doc libtracker-sparql-0.14-dev libtracker-sparql-doc

and fixed the import error:

Python 2.7.4 (default, Apr 19 2013, 18:28:01)
IPython 0.13 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.

In [1]: import gi
In [2]: from gi.repository import Tracker, GObject
In [3]: %run tracker/examples/introspection/python/all-async.py
('http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/03/22/nco#default-contact-me', 75L)
('http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/03/22/nfo#roi-content-face', 73L)
('http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/03/22/nfo#roi-content-pet', 72L)
('http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/03/22/nfo#roi-content-focus', 74L)
('http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/03/22/nfo#roi-content-barcode', 76L)
('http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/03/22/nfo#roi-content-undefined', 78L)


Completely remove the older VirtualBox 4 version before installing the version 5 of VirtualBox.

Uninstall VirtualBox 4 -> sudo apt-get purge "^virtualbox-.*"

Check carefully what will be removed before you confirm.

Update the software repositories -> sudo apt-get update

Clean up -> sudo apt-get autoremove

Download and register the ORACLE public key:

wget -q -O - https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc | sudo apt-key add -

Add the VirtualBox repository :

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian precise contrib"

Update the software repositories again -> sudo apt-get update

Install VirtualBox 5.0 -> sudo apt-get install dkms virtualbox-5.0

Also ... there is no risk when older Linux headers will be removed.

Note for other users reading this answer, in case they use another Ubuntu edition as 12.04 :

You have to replace precise with the Ubuntu edition you are using when adding the repository.

As of Ubuntu 16.04 the ORACLE public key to download and register has  changed :

oracle_vbox.asc has to be replaced with oracle_vbox_2016.asc !


Why is my screenshot just of the splash screen?

It appears to be a bug in Virtualbox

https://www.virtualbox.org/ticket/11758

A potential work around is to use VBoxManage, a command line tool, on the HOST

VBoxManage controlvm virtual_machine_name screenshotpng Ubuntu.png

You could try taking a screenshot from within the guest (gnome screenshot) and transfer the image to the host (shared folders).

If that fails, probably have to wait for a bug fix.


Windows 10 dual boot won't boot to GRUB (boot error url)

Next time you start your computer up, spam f9 and you should see a screen offering some options to boot from. Select ubuntu.
If you don't want to do this every time, enter the BIOS menu with f12. Navigate to the boot options tab and change the boot order (not legacy boot) to ubuntu first. It will look something like this tutorial but instead of +/- its f5 and f6. Make sure to hit f10 when changing the boot order to save changes. Reboot.


Ctrl+F4 doesn't work in KDE for Firefox / Chrome / Chromium

The reason Ctrl-F4 doesn't work in KDE is because KWin uses the same keyboard shortcut for switching between workspaces. If you would really want to use Ctrl-F4, you might want to consider editing the KWin keyboard settings.

To do that, open System Settings and go to Shortcuts and Gestures.

Then navigate to Global Keyboard Shortcuts and choose Kwin from the KDE component dropdown.

Scroll down all the way until you see Switch to Desktop 4 option. Click on the shortcut and choose Custom and either select a different shortcut or leave it as empty.

You should now be able to use Ctrl-F4 to close tabs in Firefox.

Related:

Xubuntu: Why doesn't Ctrl + F5 work in Firefox?


With help from both htorque's and Alaukik's comments, I stumbled upon the fact that my updates have been turned off (for 2-3 weeks), and it seems that qt simply needed the latest updates, which of course weren't there... I installed the latest updates and qt installed fine... Thanks htorque and Alauik.


Varnish 4.0 problems - Service running, and Listening but not responding

Finally worked it out - in Azure endpoints I had selected Floating IP address Enabled for :80, set to disabled and is now working as expected.


How to install Ubuntu onto an Acer Aspire E5-511P-P0MT laptop that will not load windows?

Based on my personal experience, all you need is a Ubuntu install CD (and test can be done within the installation procedure as ravery suggested). The preparation reference is https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/installing-from-cd.html


How to update libnet-amazon-ec2-perl to latest version in sausy

In Ubuntu 14.04 LTS you have that version. You can wait until 14.04 LTS then by upgrading to it can you the desired version.

else you can download from

http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libn/libnet-amazon-ec2-perl/libnet-amazon-ec2-perl_0.24-1_all.deb

just open your terminal and do as

wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libn/libnet-amazon-ec2-perl/libnet-amazon-ec2-perl_0.24-1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i libnet-amazon-ec2-perl_0.24-1_all.deb

Thats it , it will install in your Ubuntu with desired version.


What is the terminal command to take a screenshot?

You can use import tool available in the ImageMagick package (you need to install this if its already not available on your system).

  Run the following command in a shell:

import screenshot.png

  and select the window you want to capture or select a region by pressing the left mouse button and dragging.

  import is a actually a very powerful command which can be used in many ways to capture the screen. For example, to capture the entire screen and after some delay and resizing it, use the following command:

import -window root -resize 400x300 -delay 200 screenshot.png

  To see all the options available with import command, go to ImageMagick’s website.

Another way to take a screenshot from the terminal is with scrot

To install
scrot type:

sudo apt-get install scrot

To take a screenshot in Linux from the terminal with scrot type:

scrot MyScreenshot.png

Some more options with scrot are here:

scrot -b -d 5 '%Y:%m:%d:%H:%M:%S.png' -e 'mv $f ~/Desktop/'

In this example,

-b specifies including the window borders
-d specifies a delay of five seconds
'%Y:%m:%d:%H:%M:%S.png' will save the screenshot with a name based on the current date and time and with the format specified, .png in this case
-e 'mv $f ~/Desktop/' tells scrot to save the screenshot to the Desktop


What is the password for the 'lightdm' user?

It's a system account. It doesn't have a password.
Why are you even in a shell as the lightdm user? I'd suggest you log out (Control+D) and log in as your own user. If that's in the sudo group, you'll be able to use your own password to run whatever it is you're trying to run as root.


How to remove the Xubuntu Login screen in ubuntu 14.04

Open a terminal and run:

sudo apt-get remove lightdm-gtk-greeter && sudo apt-get install unity-greeter

This will remove xfce's greeter and make sure the default Unity one is installed.


On Linux in general and Ubuntu in particular, I often have to wait for an IPv6 DNS query to time out before it will look for IPv4 addresses.


The Home Folder icon on the launcher will not open on Unity

That should work. If it doesn't, please file a bug. You can do that correctly by pressing alt+f2 and typing ubuntu-bug unity. Make sure you have upgraded your system before you do. You'll need to have an account at Launchpad.net, so if you don't have one, create one first.

However, I'm not sure you are aware, but when you've pinned an application to the launcher, you get separate keyboard shortcuts for them. For instance, if Nautilus is the first entry on your launcher, then you can start it or switch to it by pressing super+1. If you want to launch a new instance even if you already have one open, you can use super+shift+1. This works for 1-9 and you can use the numpad if you want to. For this reason, I always place my 4 absolutely most used applications on 1-4 since I can then switch using my left hand only. For the rest of them, I use the numpad.


how to create *.list file in /etc/apt/sources.list.d for canonical-kernel-team

There's no naming convention.  Name the file whatever you want, just make sure it ends in .list, something so you'll know what it is.


not able to run a downloaded program file in ubuntu 18.04 terminal

You have to start by installing main 32-bit C library:
sudo apt-get install libc6:i386


This is a common problem when bootable USB are not created properly (if you search "Ubuntu installation stuck at Detecting Files System" you will find many related questions in this forum or in Ubuntuforums website).

I recommend you to follow the official guidelines about creating a bootable USB from Windows. See them here. In particular, it is always recommended to verity the Ubuntu file. Again, official information about how to do this is available here.


How do you purge a manual install completely?

Well first attempt is to try make uninstall, which might get you some of the way.

Otherwise one way that you can do this is to completely wipe the package with make distclean and then build it all again, but this time passing a --prefix=/tmp/install.  After you run the make install this time around you will see all of the packages in /tmp/install rather than in /  This will give you a list of files you can work on to remove from the root directory.

There are some other options; make checkinstall might give you details of which files go where but then again it may not.  The above process will guarantee that you know what is written where during the install process.


This option yet is not available, but you can create a desktop launcher in ~/.local/share/applications or in /usr/share/applications where you can see several examples.


Backing up to make space space for dual boot

http://www.everydaylinuxuser.com/2015/11/how-to-install-ubuntu-linux-alongside.html
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsDualBoot

you can shrink your ubuntu volume from a live usb/cd then install windows.  if you do this correctly you should not lose any data.

it is easier to just copy your files to your external drive as a backup. It is also possible to completely image your hard drive and put it back(this will take alot of time)
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DriveImaging


What are the differences/similarities between multiple python package management?

There are so many package installing tools when it comes to python: apt-get, pip, easy_install, conda and the python3 version of those. Could somebody explain when one should use the particular tools and the concept of those tools work together? I would even appreciate it if someone could give me a link to an article which actually goes through each of these systems in detail, compares them, and highlights the differences between them.

apt-get

It is not a Python package manager, it is the package manager for Ubuntu. You use it to install Ubuntu software.

As to why it has Python packages inside it, Ubuntu packages most Python modules like this: python-modulename or python3-modulename. These Ubuntu Python modules are outdated. Use pip (or pip3).

pip

It is the standard Python package manager. When in doubt, use this.

conda

It is a Python package manager plus an environment manager. That is, it builds you an isolated, fresh Python environment, allowing you to freeze specific modules at a version while not affecting system Python, etc.

  Would installing and running python stuff anaconda take care of the headache of using multiple python package tools?

Firstly, it is not a headache. Just

$ pip install modulename

(or pip3 for Python 3, since 2 and 3 are hugely incompatible.)

Secondly, conda is yet another package manager for Python, which has (I think) fewer packages than pip and is only good for freezing specific versions of system libraries, Python modules etc.

  If the python packages that anaconda installs are already present in the system how those two coordinate when we use them?

conda overwrites already-present packages.


Creating database from encrypted external drive (veracrypt + postgreSQL)

When you use Veracrypt to mount a directory, it doesn't mount it as world-readable.  It mounts it only as the user running Veracrypt:

$ ls -al /media/
total 24K
drwxrwxrwx   5 root   root   4.0K Jul 12 14:59 ./
drwxr-xr-x  29 root   root   4.0K Jul 11 23:08 ../
drwxr-x---+  2 root   root   4.0K Jan  2  2018 root/
drwxrwx---+  3 teward teward 4.0K Jul 12 14:29 teward/
drwx------   1 teward teward 4.0K May 18  2017 veracrypt4/

As you can see, the veracrypt4 directory is readable only by my user, and not other users on the system.  This is inherent to how Veracrypt works, it won't let the system at large access a directory in its default mount options.

If you want to change this, you need to change the default mount options for your Veracrypt utility.

When in the Veracrypt GUI, go to the "Settings" menu in the menu bar, and then "Default mount parameters".  In the box labeled "Mount options", you will want to put umask=0022, which will set the effective permissions differently for the mount folder.  Then hit "OK" and then mount your Veracrypt drive/container again.

With these mount options in place the same mount point gets a different permissions mask than the defaults - it is both group readable and "other user" readable (note the permissions line has gone from drwx------ to drwxr-xr-x):

$ ls -al /media/
total 24K
drwxrwxrwx   5 root   root   4.0K Jul 12 15:01 ./
drwxr-xr-x  29 root   root   4.0K Jul 11 23:08 ../
drwxr-x---+  2 root   root   4.0K Jan  2  2018 root/
drwxrwx---+  3 teward teward 4.0K Jul 12 14:29 teward/
drwxr-xr-x   1 teward teward 4.0K May 18  2017 veracrypt4/

Because of the way it mounts it as your user and doesn't default-mount it so others can read it, that's why you're getting the error you're getting.  Adjust the mount umask, then try again with the postgres user to read the file/drive.  It should then work properly.

Don't forget though that this will expose the 'encrypted' data to all other users on the drive. You need to then remove those mount options if you want to disallow other users on the system (system users or otherwise) from accessing the encrypted data.


I am assuming that you already know how to set page numbers to your document.

Removing page number on the first page and starting page number from the second page is even easier than the accepted answer.

Click on Format menu and select Title page.

You will now be presented with a 'Title pages' dialog box. Under 'Page numbering' heading, select the option 'Reset Page Numbering after title pages'. You may choose the number of title pages that you don't want to have the page number.


libcurl4-gnutls-dev : Depends: libldap2-dev but it is not going to be installed

Similar to other questions about "some packages could not be installed", try

apt-get update
apt-get autoremove
apt-get install -f


The Ubuntu installer can't see the Windows 8 partition during installation

Maby try to shrink your partions in windows 8 and install ubuntu on that partion. Totaly save normal.

http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/windows-vista/resize-a-partition-for-free-in-windows-vista/

Running ubuntu 12.10 / windows 8 on toshiba satellite C660


How to setup Wifi using the command-line?

The WEP key should be in hex, and either 10 or 26 characters long (5 or 13 ASCII bytes).

If you want to specify it in ASCII, you have to prefix it with s: - I'm not sure if iwconfig will pad out an ASCII password, but try lengths of 5 or 13.

See man iwconfig and scroll down to key/enc[ryption] for some examples.


Thinkpad Yoga 14 backslash (\) / bar (|) key not working

According to this Lenovo webpage which sounds like your problem you can use:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

Then scroll down to classmate PC and select it:

Hope this helps.


MacBook Pro (13-inch, Mid 2012) running Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Installing this fan control daemon from the repos has worked for me on my mid-2012:

$ sudo apt install macfanctld

Reboot and follow that up with installing lm-sensors and checking your core temps:

$ sudo apt install lm-sensors

$ sensors

If you swap the install order, you can test both before and after temps.


How do I tell Chromium to save a torrent file instead of starting Transmission?

According to the Arch wiki chromium uses xdg-open to select what will open a file.  You could right click and save as, or immediately pause it in transmission and pull it out of ~/.config/transmission/torrents.

If you remove the mime-type it uses, it won't open properly without an open-with or file->open on your desktop.


How do I apply changes to the keyboard layout system-wide?

You might want to try the workaround suggested on the launchpad bug.

Edit file /etc/default/keyboard changing the lines:

XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBLAYOUT="us"
XKBVARIANT="intl"
XKBOPTIONS=""

Run in terminal(ALT+T) sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup

You can find a list of all the available keyboard layouts in the text file /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst.


Proper way of installing wifi drivers (rtl8822bu)

As I am running kernel 5.3.4 in Ubuntu MATE 19.04, for me it was the drivers from Cilynx's GitHub repo for RTL88x2BU that worked out OK.

As detailed in the repo, I've installed the drivers using DKMS installation method:

git clone https://github.com/cilynx/rtl88x2bu.git
cd rtl88x2bu
VER=$(sed -n 's/\PACKAGE_VERSION="\(.*\)"/\1/p' dkms.conf)
sudo rsync -rvhP ./ /usr/src/rtl88x2bu-${VER}
sudo dkms add -m rtl88x2bu -v ${VER}
sudo dkms build -m rtl88x2bu -v ${VER}
sudo dkms install -m rtl88x2bu -v ${VER}
sudo modprobe 88x2bu


How to control specific location of Conky

I managed to fix this by editing the gotham config file in /home/USER/.conky/Gotham

edit

gap_x 300
gap_x 350

experiment a bit with it, if you want to change high you can also change

gap_y 50

Hope this helps


automatically run ls after changing path using autocd

You can achieve this by changing the variable PROMPT_COMMAND, which is executed before PS1, e.g.:

PROMPT_COMMAND='ls'

This will list each time you get a new prompt.  Of course you only want to execute ls if the directory has changed:

PROMPT_COMMAND='[[ $my_currdir != $PWD ]] && ls; my_currdir=$PWD'

This checks if the new directory isn't the same as the last one set, and then executes ls, after which your current directory is stored in my_currdir

I found an even better line here, where they use bash as a file manager:

PROMPT_COMMAND='[[ ${__new_wd:=$PWD} != $PWD ]] && list; __new_wd=$PWD'

since it is possible that __new_wd is unset, you can assign a default value which will be used in that case (see bash man pages, search for :=)


Ethernet adapter not in connections of Server with KDE

ip address show in a Terminal window will show you what you need. For more on ip, see its man page.

Or, to do it the GUI way, right click on the empty area in the System Tray -> system tray settings -> click Network Management .

If you can't find Network Management, install it with sudo snap install network-manager and then learn it at https://docs.ubuntu.com/core/en/stacks/network/network-manager/docs/


Installing Lubuntu: manual partitioning does not work

I ended up formatting the hard drive. (Thanks for the comments!)
BTW, when I realized that my USB stick (boot drive) was formatted in exFAT and reformatted it to NTFS, I received the full 4-point menu instead of just formatting or manual partitioning. Nonetheless, I decided to format the hard drive.


Kernel installation-related tasks are handled by scripts in /etc/kernel, and you are free to browse the logic yourself directly.

  How does Ubuntu determine which kernels to remove? Does it simply keep
  the n most recent kernels, or is the logic more complex than that?

  Is the kernel running at the time of the update guaranteed to be kept around
  until the next update?

Kernels are selected by the script /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal. The comments at the top of that script are particularly enlightening:

# Mark as not-for-autoremoval those kernel packages that are:
#  - the currently booted version
#  - the kernel version we've been called for
#  - the latest kernel version (as determined by debian version number)
#  - the second-latest kernel version
#
# In the common case this results in two kernels saved (booted into the
# second-latest kernel, we install the latest kernel in an upgrade), but
# can save up to four. Kernel refers here to a distinct release, which can
# potentially be installed in multiple flavours counting as one kernel.

  Am I right that all kernel cleanup tasks are executed at install time,
  with nothing deferred until the system is rebooted? (As in the latter
  case, these deferred tasks could theoretically remove any kernel other
  then the newly installed one.)

Not quite. Older kernel(s) are made eligible for autoremoval immediately by /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal. The older packages not actually removed until the next time apt runs autoremove. In systems with unattended-upgrades installed, that usually means the next day.

  Does Ubuntu have any tracking mechanism to detect which kernels have booted
  cleanly, and ensure not all of them are erased?

Not sure what you mean by "booted cleanly". Ubuntu assumes that the currently-booted kernel works, and won't make the currently-booted kernel eligible for autoremoval...but you knew that already.


Best way to configure poweroff keyboard shortcut

No.There is no short-cut for Power-off. But you could add one.

Go to System Settings ----> Keyboard -----> Click on the shortcuts tab ----> Click on the + button.

Now enter some name of the shortcut and the command gnome-session-quit --power-off --force.

Now you can apply whatever keyboard shortcut you want to it. Click on the word that says Disabled... when you click New accelerator... will be shown. Now you assign it to whatever keyboard shortcut you want to it (that is by pressing Alt + F4 when you see the word New accelerator...)


How to change the glassy look in GTK3 theme?

I think this cannot be changed easily, Since this is the default gtk3 theme for gnome-shell (name is Adwaita). But you can use other gnome-shell themes.

First Install the gnome-tweak-tool by typing this in terminal: sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool.
Then you need to install gnome-shell-extensions to be able to use custom theme.
command is : sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions
Then add this PPA to use more gnome-shell themes

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:webupd8team/themes
sudo apt-get update
then you can install other gnome-shell themes. A brighter theme is Zukitwo.

You can install that by
sudo apt-get install zukitwo-colors-theme.

Here is the description of the theme quoted:

  This package provides Zukitwo Colors theme pack which provides GTK2, GTK3 and GNOME Shell themes in all 7 colours from Shiki-Colors (Brave, Dust, Human, Illustrious, Noble, Wine and Wise), as well as a colour-neutral GNOME Shell theme (Zukitwo-Colors) and Metacity/Mutter themes for Dust (Zukitwo-Dust) and the rest (Zukitwo-Colors). (Zukitwo-Dust has a separate Metacity/Mutter theme as part of its colour-scheme.).

Then use gnome-tweak-tool to enable User theme extension. Then quit. Again start gnome-tweak-tool and select the theme you want from Shell Themes menu.

Hope this will helps.


The documentation lacks a basic explanation.

Let's have a look first at your error. You create an instance of the PDiffer class and then trie to call that instance again. See this very simplified example with the same error:

>>> class PDiffer:
...   def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
...     pass
...
>>> pdiff = PDiffer(bin="/path/to/bin")
>>> pdiff("image1.png", "image2.png")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'PDiffer' object is not callable

That said, the documentation gives 2 options to use pdiff.
Create an instance of PDiff and give it a custom path to the binary or use the helper function pdiff. Giving them the same variable name and using them in the same code block is just very confusing. It's either one OR the other.

I had to look at the source to see what's going on. You should use the pdiff method of the PDiff class instead. The second example is a shortcut to this method with the custom binary path.

So a working example would be:

from pdiffer import PDiffer
pdiff = PDiffer(bin='/home/username/Documents/pdiff/perceptualdiff')
result = pdiff.pdiff('image1.png', 'image2.png')


Just lock the widgets and it will freeze in place for you


As you say the original post is not working for you, I have rewrote it as simply as possible, using only the terminal, copy the commands exactly

First download this file in a terminal

wget download.brother.com/welcome/dlf006893/linux-brprinter-installer-2.0.0-1.gz

Extract it

gunzip linux-brprinter-installer-2.0.0-1.gz

Make it executable

chmod +x linux-brprinter-installer-2.0.0-1

Run it (Must be root)

sudo ./linux-brprinter-installer-2.0.0-1

You should see this

Input model name ->

Make it look like this

Input model name ->MFC-J470DW

Press enter, now you will see

You are going to install following packages.
   mfcj470dwlpr-3.0.0-1.i386.deb
   mfcj470dwcupswrapper-3.0.0-1.i386.deb
   brscan4-0.4.3-1.amd64.deb
   brscan-skey-0.2.4-1.amd64.deb
OK? [y/N] ->

Type Y press enter and same again for the license agreement, now the installer will begin downloading and installing your drivers.

Tested on 14.04 (No printer but driver installation was tested).


To my knowledge, the only way to 'reset' Ubuntu 14.04 to the purest defaults is to do a full reinstall of the operating system, overwriting your old data and repartition the drive.  There's no other 'factory settings reset' option that I am aware of.


Xen not in grub menu after do-release-upgrade to 20.04

It turns out that in the upgrade, my xen install appears to have disappeared rather than being upgraded to 4.11. I installed Xen 4.11, and found that update-grub correctly populated the option to boot with Xen.
For those who are interested, I ended up diving into /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen and found that $xen_list was empty (it gets populated by files matching glob /boot/xen*). This led me to check the contents of /boot:
config-4.15.0-129-generic  initrd.img-3.19.0-71-generic   initrd.img-5.4.0-59-generic  memtest86+.elf                 System.map-5.4.0-59-generic
config-5.4.0-59-generic    initrd.img-3.19.0-74-generic   lost+found                   memtest86+_multiboot.bin       vmlinuz-4.15.0-129-generic
grub                       initrd.img-4.15.0-129-generic  memtest86+.bin               System.map-4.15.0-129-generic  vmlinuz-5.4.0-59-generic

Nothing matching xen*! And my clean install in a VM on my workstation had files matching xen-4.11-amd64.*. A simple invocation of apt install xen-hypervisor-4.11-amd64 resolved my issue.


Using GNU grep and PCRE matching,
grep -oP 'https://\K\S+' file

That outputs the non-spaces following "https://"


LiveCD/USB boot issues with Ubuntu 12.04 on blank drive

Most of the times (using the LiveUSB in this example) the following helps:

As you mentioned you managed to see the boot menu. After selecting your language press F6 and several options will appear:

Activate the ACPI=OFF option ONLY and test it with only that option.

If it still fails then activate the NOAPIC option ONLY and test it with that one.

If it still fails activate both options and test it out. Lastly if it still fails and you have pray to the gods, crossed your fingers and called for Linus Torvalds then use the 2 options again but add NOLAPIC.

Normally when I have your same problem, with the ACPI=OFF option is enough. Let me know how it went.


Can Ubuntu Kylin's login screen be substituted/installed on Ubuntu 16.04?

Install kylin-greeter: sudo apt install kylin-greeter
Configure lighdm: Open the file with sudo nano /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
Find [SeatDefaults] and if not there add that line
Below [SeatDefaults] add a line like greeter-session=kylin-greeter
Save with Ctrl + O. Exit with Ctrl + X.
Reboot


The Open JDK runtime will also work for this package:

Open Terminal
Update apt
sudo apt update

Install the JDK:
sudo apt install openjdk-8-jre

You may need to tell the system that you’re using Java 8:
sudo update-alternatives –config java

From here you can continue with the installation of thinkorswim:

Set the downloaded shell script as executable:
sudo chmod +x thinkorswim_installer.sh

Run the installation script:
./thinkorswim_installer.sh

Grab a cup of coffee, because the installation process will take about 10 minutes.

Hope this helps


How to I use Androidx86 ubuntu dualboot?

If you see the glossy Android logo, you have already booted into Androidx86.

This can be due to a graphics card problem.

Try this, press tab on boot menu and change androidboot.hardware=android-x86 to androidboot.hardware=x86


accidentally deleted *some* of /var, but have an old backup, how can I fix this?

Your best approach will be to reinstall and use the backup to transfer your data to the new install.


How to set the correct path of android-sdk in fresh android studio installation?

From Official Documentation:

Please find a different place to put the SDK (for example
~/android-sdk), and then point your SDK to this directory location
instead. You can do this either by opening up the Project Structure
Dialog and selecting the SDK Location tab, or if you try to load a
project which is using the old location, you'll be prompted for the
new location:


How can I show additional DNS information to nslookup -type=any?

You can use dig command for this :

  dig -t  ANY example.com +noall +answer

Please check man page for more information.

From man dig :

ANY - view all DNS record types

-t - option sets the query type to type

+noall - Set or clear all display flags.

+noanswer -  Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The default is to display it.