You should wait for the 19.04 repository. You can still install PlayOnLinux and then install as many versions you want. It will install in /home/user/.PlayOnLinux/wine (and it keep the wine installed on your system).


You need to join vbox users group in order to use physical USB devices in VirtualBox with Ubuntu.

The method is shown in this post: How to add users to vboxusers

The How-to Geek page you refer to looks quite old.


Ubuntu Phones BQ discontinued: who else?

A few days ago I read a Mark Shuttleworth's post (here) saying that Canonical will not invest more on the phone, so I guess that you will not find more phones.
Once they sell all their stock, I supposed it will all be finished.


You can try to find a suspected big file/folder by running this, it will tell you all files/folders sizes:

du ~ -h|sort -r -n|less

it will also sort so the biggest file/folder will go first at the top of your screen.

And don't forget to clean the Trash/Rubbish Bin anyway.


The Service set identification (SSID) is just the name of your wireless network. The router needs to give a human-readable name so you can find it, especially in crowded areas like an apartment building.

Your best bet is to check out a video like this one on YouTube, which visually explains how to connect.

Basically, you should be moving your mouse to the upper right of your screen to a little antenna-looking thing, and selecting your WiFi network from the list that drops down when you click the icon. The only thing you may need to type is the password to connect to your wireless network if it's encrypted (it should be, but leave that for another day). Good luck and don't get frustrated. Try YouTube for other related videos. It's often better than just trying to do a web search and reading lots of results. Especially when you are just starting out with Ubuntu.


Operating on multiple files in a directory

Yes - in fact very like that - but with braces rather than square brackets:

$ cp -v dir1/dir2/{bar.xyz,foo.abc} ./
'dir1/dir2/bar.xyz' -> './bar.xyz'
'dir1/dir2/foo.abc' -> './foo.abc'

See brace expansion.


problem with upgrading 14.04 to 16.04 computer will not start says " Failed to start Load Kernel Modules


Failed to fetch binary i386 and amd64 packages

That PPA was last updated in 2014. It doesn't have a Wily release.

It's dead. Remove it with something like:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:banshee-team/ppa


facing a problem while installing latex from terminal

@nikhilweee is right. Don't use sudo.

TeXLive installation scripts cannot cater to the myriad of folder structures and permissions.

When you have access to sudo

The best installation method is the official method. Stay with the official folder location /usr/local by doing a cd /usr/local then a sudo mkdir texlive && sudo chown `whoami` texlive.

The install-tl script will then run without a hitch.

Staying with the default folder location lets you write documentation and instructions (for your team) easier. The official guides for TeXLive uses that folder location, so your team can get some self-help browsing those guides themselves. Also, 3rd-party packages (like Atom editor) can be easily configured given standard TeX Live folder locations.

When you have no access to sudo

See answer from @PHPirate at here.


Dual boot on Macbook Pro retina with REFInd

Change the timeout value in the refind.conf configuration file. With a value of -1 rEFInd boots directly, with a value of 0, it waits indefinitely. A positive value set the waiting time in seconds.

From the rEFInd documentation:

  Thus, the rEFInd configuration file might be /boot/efi/EFI/refind/refind.conf, /boot/EFI/BOOT/refind.conf, /Volumes/ESP/EFI/refind/refind.conf, S:\EFI\refind\refind.conf, or something else, depending on your OS and mount point.


Make "apt-get update" show the exact output as `apt update`

man apt-get shows:

   -s, --simulate, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon, --no-act
       No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur based on
       the current system state but do not actually change the system.
       Locking will be disabled (Debug::NoLocking) so the system state
       could change while apt-get is running. Simulations can also be
       executed by non-root users which might not have read access to all
       apt configuration distorting the simulation. A notice expressing
       this warning is also shown by default for non-root users
       (APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-Note). Configuration Item:
       APT::Get::Simulate.

So if you just do:

apt-get upgrade --dry-run

it will output:

...
4 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove and 0 not to upgrade.
...


lxrandr fails to launch and throws Segmentation fault

Troubleshooting

As an act of desperation I tried debugging with gdb however I did not manage to get anything useful from that:

    $ gdb lxrandr
    [..]
    Reading symbols from lxrandr...Reading symbols from /usr/lib/debug/.build-id/2d/cfbc3d5bd314c17b42e61b059377536fe93831.debug...done.
    done.

    (gdb) run
    Starting program: /usr/bin/lxrandr
    [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
    Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".

    Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
    main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe8c8) at lxrandr.c:783
    783 lxrandr.c: No such file or directory.

    (gdb) bt
    #0  0x00005555555574a2 in main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe8c8) at lxrandr.c:783

Solution

Using another installation of Ubuntu 18.04 where lxrandr worked without any issues I managed to pinpoint the missing package to be X.Org X server Display Driver.
In case you are not sure which driver to use you may simply run:

    apt install xserver-xorg-video-all

In my case – since it was a Virtual Machine - it was enough to run:

    apt install xserver-xorg-video-vmware

then reboot (or restart X) to solve the issue.


RTNETLINK answers: file exists - configure interface

If you had been manually setting a temporary configuration, e.g by doing something like sudo ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0, as described here, you should clear that up first:

sudo ip addr flush eth0

Now you can try again:

sudo ifup eth0


Shared Windows folder only contains the first ~15 subfolders

Windows 10 will try to negotiate SMB3_11, which Samba4 doesn't yet support except in the current 4.3 release candidate. I suspect for now disabling SMB2/3 on the Windows 10 client is your best, if not ideal, option.

Instructions for doing this can be found here:

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2696547

The answer is from here: http://www.tenforums.com/network-sharing/31136-samba-shares-dont-show-up-windows-10-network.html


Gnome-screensaver seg fault, can't lock session

Solved! Problem was caused by a conflict with a gnome extension. See solution here.
Thanks to @i9pp0 for the question and @heynnema for the answer.


How can I tell what date Ubuntu was installed?

You can check the installer logs and dates at:

/var/log/installer

A quick way to find the date through the command line would be by running:

ls -lt /var/log/installer

That lists in reverse chronological order so the oldest file is at the bottom of the list.


What you need is 'pdftotext':
https://linux.die.net/man/1/pdftotext

wget file.pdf
pdftotext file.pdf file.txt

That's all!


Ubuntu 20.04 doesn't kill the process that suddenly uses all the RAM, which causes the system to crash?

Let's increase your /swapfile from 2G to 4G (maybe more later, if your python script requires it)...
Note: Incorrect use of the dd command can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
In the terminal...
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=4096

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm 16G RAM and 4G swap

Confirm this /swapfile line at the end of /etc/fstab... and confirm no other “swap” lines...
To edit, use sudo -H gedit /etc/fstab or sudo pico /etc/fstab
/swapfile    none    swap    sw      0   0

reboot                    # reboot and verify operation


Why do cdimage.ubuntu.com and releases.ubuntu.com list different images?

The 1st page of releases.ubuntu.com seems to me to explain why:

  Ubuntu Releases

  The following releases of Ubuntu are available:

  Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn)
  Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS (Trusty Tahr)
  Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy Salamander)
  Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail)
  Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal)
  Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (Precise Pangolin)
  Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS (Lucid Lynx)

  We are happy to provide hosting for the following projects via the
  cdimage server. While they are not
  commercially supported by Canonical, they receive full support from their
  communities.

  Edubuntu
  Kubuntu
  Lubuntu
  Mythbuntu
  Ubuntu GNOME
  UbuntuKylin
  UbuntuStudio
  Xubuntu

  The cdimage server also hosts releases of other Ubuntu images not found on
  this server, such as builds for less popular architectures and other non-standard
  and unsupported images.  For Ubuntu Desktop and Server on popular architectures,
  please see the links above instead.

  Unsupported Ubuntu Images

  For old releases, see
  old-releases.ubuntu.com.

releases.ubuntu.com

Contains only current commercially supported releases images (i386 & amd64 only, 5 years period max LTS for server editions).
old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/

Old releases images that no longer supported.
cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/

Commercially unsupported favors and builds including alpha, beta and daily builds.
cloud-images.ubuntu.com, old sub-domain is still working too uec-images.ubuntu.com

  Ubuntu Cloud Images are pre-installed disk images that have been customized by Ubuntu engineering to run on cloud-platforms such as Amazon EC2, Openstack, Windows and LXC.

It was there in 2010 as shown in the history of UEC/Images Wiki page, Revision 2 as of 2010-08-19 20:59:56.

As canonical is a company that provides technical support, it should have should have such kind of separation.

Looking to the official links on www.ubuntu.com. They are all point to releases.ubuntu.com except Network installer and Ubuntu Kylin.

Another thing, they always try to minimize mirror size and mirroring daily builds just wasting of resources. Mirror script point only to releases.ubuntu.com

I couldn't find out any official note about such decision yet. But separation between releases and other builds back to 2005 at least. See Ubuntu Server Project Unleashed!. Even back to Oct 2004 with release of Ubuntu 4.10 which is the first release(just i386), Make a look on these few early mails from ubuntu-announce archive.


There is no "Ubuntu Bold" font family. This is untested, but I would try:
font-family: Ubuntu;
font-weight: bold;

Edit:
I made this test page. Check out the source of that page.
So stating font-weight somehow ought to be what's needed.


Ubuntu 20.04, Skype unable to properly record sound

The problem arises from non-availibility of Realtek Generic driver for Ubuntu 20.04. It has a kernel of 5.4. But Realtek driver for Linux supports Kernel only upto 3.0. Thus the laptops having Realtek sound card will keep facing this problem unless Realtek releases updated drivers.
Source - Compile Error - Realtek High Definition Audio Codecs


How to solve "Error running Tomcat server(Ubuntu): Port out of Range problem." problem?

Inside your Tomcat installation folder, go to
"server.xml" (probably under /usr/share/tomcat{x}/conf/) file and change:

<Server port="-1" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

to

<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

As mentioned by of in this Jetbrains issue tacker page.

Another important thing is: In the Deployment section, make sure to add Artifact like this:

And again if u miss something, follow this page. And if u are in deeper other problem then follow this link where I discussed to solve Tomcat9 & IntelliJ 2019.1.3 integration in Ubuntu 19.04. It took me 5 days to resolve this issue.


How can I print in black and white in Evince?

You usually want Grayscale. At least it works like that on all the printers that I know. Of course it could be driver-dependent, so more data about the printer model could yield you a better answer.


These library errors are most probably not related to your actual problem with the various ibus packages.  Bit of a red herring warning, likely the problem with them is something else.

These 3 libraries are party of an audio/video library, at a guess you've either installed a custom version of it or somehow managed to change them from symbolic links but again I doubt it's the problem.  You could check further into these files like this:
sudo dpkg -S /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libavformat.so.54
sudo ls -la /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libavformat.so.54

This will allow us to see what package (if any) they are from.

As for actually debugging your ibus issues, sadly I have absolutely no idea about that.  Hopefully someone else can help there.  You could maybe check ~/.xsession-errors for any error messages related to using the input when it's not working.


Steam doesn't open when using CUDA Driver Ubuntu 20.04

Steam and the majority of games on Linux rely on 32-bit OpenGL libraries being available. However, Nvidia planned to drop 32-bit support for CUDA for some time now. Luckily, the necessary 32-bit libraries can be manually installed to make Steam work.
I suggest you install both CUDA and the 64bit driver from the Nvidia repository first, then check what version of driver has been installed. Obviously, the 32-bit library files have to match the installed driver version. The appropriate files can be obtained by using the extract only option provided by the installer e.g. for 465.19.01 get the driver and do ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-465.19.01.run -x
The i386 library files are in a folder named "32". To install the 32-bit library manually:
chmod u+x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-465.19.01.run
./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-465.19.01.run -x
cd NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-465.19.01
cd 32
sudo cp libEGL* libGLESv* libGLX* libnvidia-egl* libnvidia-gl* libnvidia-tls* /usr/lib32

There are some symlinks that should be created:
cd /usr/lib32
sudo ln -s libEGL_nvidia.so.465.19.01 libEGL_nvidia.so.0
sudo ln -s libGLESv1_CM_nvidia.so.465.19.01 libGLESv1_CM_nvidia.so.1
sudo ln -s libGLESv2_nvidia.so.465.19.01 libGLESv2_nvidia.so.2
sudo ln -s libGLX_nvidia.so.465.19.01 libGLX_indirect.so.0
sudo ln -s libGLX_nvidia.so.465.19.01 libGLX_nvidia.so.0

You will probably need to run this for the system to detect the new libraries:
sudo ldconfig


I just installed ubuntu 16.04 to my laptop containing windows 7, deselected erase drive and selected use lvm

Enter into the BIOS
  and in boot options if any of windows boot is visible or not
If not then definitely it must not present in your system.

and as you have stated use lvm (logical volume ) itcan be the reason to not showing the windows because it installs on primary partition of hard disk
but it not deletes ypur windows

so
just check it in BIOS
or check it in GPARTED application in ubuntu if windows boot loader is
present in your system or not

Hope it could help you...


In trouble for login after changing username!

I'm not sure how you changed your user name to NEWUSER, generally running adduser is a good way to create a new user, and leave the old users alone, or there are some gnome gui tools for users & groups too...

It sounds like your original user had an encrypted home using ecryptfs, but you've either modified the user to have a new name & password, or created a new user using your old user home (which is encrypted). With ecryptfs, the user login passphrase is normally used to decrypt your home, and if you don't change the passphrase the right way then you can't automatically decrypt your home anymore.

A quick way to get access to your encrypted home should be to run ecryptfs-recover-private, it should search for & attempt to mount any encrypted private directories it finds. Then you could move the home files to a new user, or attempt to fix the old user account.

And take a look at man ecryptfs and the man pages for the other ecryptfs- tools like ecryptfs-migrate-home, ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase to keep a copy of the actual encryption key as a secure backup, maybe even ecryptfs-add-passphrase.


Screen resolution repositioning? (Broken laptop screen)

Create a script @ let's say /usr/share/screen.sh

sudo touch /usr/share/screen.sh

make it executable

sudo chmod a+x /usr/share/screen.sh

edit the file (I will use gedit here, so it is easier to paste for newbies)

gksu gedit /usr/share/screen.sh

paste the contents of this script:

#!/bin/bash

#change these 4 variables accordingly
ORIG_X=1280
ORIG_Y=800
NEW_X=1160
NEW_Y=800
###

X_DIFF=$(($NEW_X - $ORIG_X))
Y_DIFF=$(($NEW_Y - $ORIG_Y))

ORIG_RES="$ORIG_X"x"$ORIG_Y"
NEW_RES="$NEW_X"x"$NEW_Y"

ACTIVEOUTPUT=$(xrandr | grep -e " connected [^(]" | sed -e "s/\([A-Z0-9]\+\) connected.*/\1/")
MODELINE=$(cvt $NEW_X $NEW_Y | grep Modeline | cut -d' ' -f3-)

xrandr --newmode $NEW_RES $MODELINE
xrandr --addmode $ACTIVEOUTPUT $NEW_RES
xrandr --output $ACTIVEOUTPUT --fb $NEW_RES --panning $NEW_RES --mode $NEW_RES
xrandr --fb $NEW_RES --output $ACTIVEOUTPUT --mode $ORIG_RES --transform 1,0,$X_DIFF,0,1,$Y_DIFF,0,0,1

Edit the first four lines to your required resolution. I have experimented with 1280x800 as my original one and I took a 120 pixels of the horizontal part as the unity bar is about 60 pixels wide.
Save file and exit gedit.

Fallow these guidelines - How do I start applications automatically on login - to create a startup script.
Put a Screen resize or something like that in the Name field and /usr/share/screen.sh as the Command

Restart Ubuntu and hopefully you will get what you want. It works on my machine :)


After 8.1 lost grub. Can i just uninstall Linux?

Yes, you can just trash your Linux partitions, lose all the data on them in the process, and resize a Windows partition to reclaim the free space.


High resolution screen creates tiny icons and text with Mate desktop

For the MATE desktop, I finally found a solution. It is well hidden and hard to find, I think.

Right-click on the desktop and choose Change Desktop Background
OR: choose System -> Preferences -> Appearance.
Choose the Fonts tab.
Click the Details button.
On the top of the dialog there is a Resolution entry field where you can enter or increase the DPI setting. Setting this to the true DPI of the display scales up everything too much, but with a little tinkering it is possible to find a good value.

Update 1: Under Gnome3, it is also possible to rescale the fonts by specifying a scaling factor in the gnome-tweak-tool.
The gnome-tweak-tool also has a scaling factor for windows, but this only allows to specify integer value! So 1 is tiny and 2 is way too big!

Update 2: Cinnamon seems to be the only desktop manager which provides support for HiDPI out of the box! Everything is nicely scaled right from the start. Unfortunately, I had frequent problems with the display locking up or becoming unresponsive, so either it is not stable yet or it has issues with my specific hardware or configuration. But what Cinnamon has achieved is exactly what I would have expected for Unity, Gnome3, or KDE to do!

Update 3: Situation is even worse with a dual monitor setup: With Gnome3, the window manager that is the best compromise between stability and HiDPI support so far, dual monitor setup does not work at all: the login screen gets shown on both monitors, but as soon as I log into Gnome3, both screen flicker endlessly between a black screen and a switched off screen. If I unplug the second monitor everything is fine again.
Under Unity the dual monitor setup works, but the scaling does not: windows on the second, lower resolution monitor are now too big, fonts are huge etc.


Is it possible to install an app from Google Chrome Web Store like Angry Birds so that it is available to all users?

Chrome Apps (not shortcuts) are stored in the Google Chrome Profile. The debian version (even beta/unstable) do not yet featured multiple shared/synced profiles, however they do feature singular synchronization.
In simpler terms, your personal stuff is in your home folder, and while other users may be able to get to it, chrome will run from their profile in their folder.
You can either:
How to Sync Apps across User
Settings > Sign In
or
Sign In at the top-right of the new tab page.
You can select what data to synchronise, so you could just select apps.
Then login to that sync account on all users.
Add Launchers/Shortcuts with Special Parameters
Move the Profile into a public place.
Edit the Launcher/Shortcut on all Users and append --user-data-dir="/public/place/"
Alternative
For a large number of users you can make a script, but this is something you'd have to research yourself.


Wallpapers appear blurred and zoomed on Ubuntu 20.04 desktop

Yes, there is a fix.
First of all, select a wallpaper with a resolution that is the same as that of your monitor.
Options on how wallpaper that does not exactly fit the screen should be handled, can be set in the Gnome Tweak tool, "Appearance" tab ("Adjustment" setting under "Background").


There's no universal answer, it depends on the video player you're using.

In default Ubuntu Videos you can turn of the CC by

  View -> Subtitles -> None

In other video players it's different, for example in VLC it's

  Subtitle -> Sub Track -> Disable


How to prevent directory from being deleted by user?

What said Class Stacker in his answer is correct, but it didn't solved your problem. To prevent a directory from being deleted by the user which owns all rights to the parent directory (/home/pandya in your case) you have to use the chattr command.

Here is an example:

$ sudo mkdir dir1
$ sudo chattr +i dir1
$ rmdir dir1
rmdir: failed to remove ‘dir1’: Operation not permitted
$ rm -r dir1
rm: remove write-protected directory ‘dir1’? y
rm: cannot remove ‘dir1’: Operation not permitted
$ chattr -i dir1
chattr: Permission denied while setting flags on dir1

And in Nautilus:

Please read man chattr for more info.


If I understand, you will block more then 3 fail connection on some service on server?
You can do that with iptables - firewall

sudo iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m recent --set
sudo iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m recent  --update --seconds 60 --hitcount 4 -j DROP

This rule will block an IP if it attempts more than 3 connections per minute to SSH.
You can change destination port from 22 for ssh to 80 for http or 110 for pop3 ...


Cannot run nvidia-settings after switching to Power Saving Mode

This is because when you are switching to power saving mode, nvidia-settings is creating a file called /etc/modprob.d/blacklist-nvidia.conf. This file should be cleared when you switch mode back to nvidia, which is not happening in 18.04.

If you wish to switch to nvidia again, you will have to manually remove this file and reboot. only switching to nvidia from nvidia-settings wont work in 18.04. There is an bug raised for this here. There are also some said fixes for this out there, but none has worked for me.

I am struggling with similar nvidia card issues on 18.04, due to some internal changes in the drivers, switch to wayland, and other things it seems like a mess on 18.04. There was chat that some of these should be fixed in 18.10, it not a very long wait, so look forward to it. :)


Ubuntu 18.04 Which directory should my second drive be mounted in?

Mount in /media/[login]/NameYouWish. Disk will be shown in Nautilus side tab. Or use /mnt if showing in nautilus is not desired. You can make simlinks to home, if needed. ln -s /media/[login]/NameYouWish/SomeFileOrFolder /home/[login]/. Replace login with your login, and all other staff with real one.

If you mount the drive with the -o noacl option, everybody will have full read/write access. If mount with -o ro everybody will have read-only access. Or in /etc/fstab for mounting at boot:

/dev/sdb1   <desired mountpoint>  ext4 noacl 0 1

replace sdb1 with partition name of your drive.


Ubuntu 11.10 and beyond play well with at least a Dual-Core processor. I recommend you trying some lighter editions, such as Xubuntu, or Lubuntu. Other derivatives from Ubuntu might be elementary OS, (beware as stable release Jupiter 0.1 is outdated, but I still use it on netbooks), or Linux Mint, which you may try the new LXDE version (faster but less eye candy). Good luck! ;)

Also, by hardware I may suppose you are talking of Windows XP, which in that case, minimum requirements are similar to the ones on Lubuntu. Ubuntu 11.10 is slightly heavier for your graphics in comparison to Windows 7 Home Premium.


I run the chmod command on /. Folder and my laptop hang

The answer in the linked post will help you a bit.

Use a Live CD and mount your root partition (e.g. /dev/sda1).

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

Execute chmod +x:

chmod +x /mnt/*

However, I would only use this emergency fix to get all my data from the system. Best advice is to get your data off and re-install Ubuntu. I'm not sure Linux will recover nicely from this.


Weather indicator doesn't launch after startup

For the first problem, just add it to your startup applications. Click the power icon (top right of your screen) and choose 'Startup applications'. Add one with the command indicator-weather like in the image below.

For the second problem, this is a known intermittent bug with Google. Switch to Yahoo! as the source in the preferences. You right-click on the indicator to access the preferences dialogue.


Easy way
Try the easy way first. The hard way was included in this answer because of the error messages mentioned in the comments.
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/bin
sudo apt-get install curl
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

In Ubuntu 16.04 and later composer can be installed from the default Ubuntu repositories. Open the terminal and type:
sudo apt install composer

Hard way
First check if /usr/local/bin/ exists, and if not make the /usr/local/bin/ directory.
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/bin

If /usr/local/bin/ already exists, the above command will do nothing except return this message:
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/usr/local/bin’: File exists

Run these commands:
sudo chmod -R 755 /usr/local/bin/
cd /usr/local/bin/
ls # list the old composer file(s)
sudo rm <old-composer-files> # delete the old composer file(s)
sudo apt-get install curl
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

Then if you type composer in the terminal it will be accessible globally in your system.


Ubuntu's community documentation explains the real reasons why it's not recommended to run a GUI on a production server system:

  Most Ubuntu Server developers do not recommend installing X on a
  server. There are multiple reasons for not installing a GUI.

  Some reasons to not install a GUI include:

  You'll have more code subject to security vulnerabilities, more packages that need updating, and more server downtime.
  X11 and desktop packages are not supported for the full 5 year lifecycle of the LTS server release.
  Performance may suffer because resources (memory, hard disk space, CPU, etc.) will be consumed by the GUI.
  It is best practice to only install needed software on a production server.
  The GUI may include other network services that are inappropriate for a server.

  One of the goals of Ubuntu Desktop Edition is to make it easier for users to use Linux. When installing some desktop environments,
  services that you may not specifically want will be installed. For
  example avahi-daemon, which is used to help configure networking,
  adds another open port and may introduce unwanted DNS conflicts with a
  .local domain.

  So for the most secure server it is best to not install a GUI.

"ServerGUI" by "Contributors to the Ubuntu documentation wiki", reproduced here as permitted by CC-BY-SA 3.0.

Contrary to somewhat common misconception, X11 being a server really has nothing to do with why running a GUI on a production server is considered to be non-ideal from a security perspective. X11 is virtually never configured by default to be accessible over a network anymore, on any operating system. No version of Ubuntu has ever had X11 run a network-accessible server in the default configuration. (To access X11 on Ubuntu via TCP, you have to forward it though SSH or manually reconfigure the server.)

Furthermore, even if X11 did run a network-accessible server, this would not be a reason not to have it installed on a production server system. Anyone running a production server is presumably capable of configuring it for their needs and auditing it  to make sure undesirable services are not running. (If they cannot, that will pose a far greater threat to their security than would be created by having a GUI installed.) Even if X11 had to have a port listening on a physical network interface (which is not the case), the port could easily be blocked by reconfiguring the built-in netfilter using iptables (or a higher-level frontend like ufw).

In contrast, the problems listed above are not so easy to overcome by reconfiguration.


There is no official way to update gnome to the latest release without using ppa's.  However, they generally work very well.  This website should give you the instructions you need:

http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2016/05/install-gnome-3-20-ubuntu-16-04-lts

  We’ll use the Terminal to add the two GNOME 3 PPAs:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3

  Next, refresh your software sources:

sudo apt update

  Finally upgrade (if you already have GNOME-Shell
  installed) using:

sudo apt dist-upgrade

  Or install GNOME (if you don’t already use it):

sudo apt install gnome gnome-shell


Yes, if you change from the gdm3 display manager to the lightdm display manager, you'll get back your favorite login screen again.

In terminal:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

and choose lightdm.

For more info about this command, see man dpkg-reconfigure.


Shortly after posting this question it dawned on me. My .rtorrent.rc file was not the same for both users. After fixing the config for the user rtorrent everything works.


Wifi Hostspot setup for Cable Modem Connection

one option is making a shared conetion between your pc and laptops,

on pc that share conection (server) ckick on network icon and make a new conection put some pass type and pass
in client , find the new network and conect it, entering the same pass on server

, but this type somte timees is not compatible with androids phone,(have to download some app and root your phone... here more info and pics

other option is installing ap-hotspot, this way it's more compatible with androids phones, but some card networks isn't compatible, and then you have to enter it manually.

open a terminal and write sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8

press enter

sudo apt-get update

press enter

sudo apt-get install ap-hotspot
now write sudo ap-hotspot startand if your card support AP mode you can configure network name and password


Can't get wireless working after installing ubuntu 12.10 on acer aspire 5560-7414

Wild stab in the dark - is your SSID configured to be hidden on your access point?

Please post the output from

sudo iwlist eth1 scan


Some quick research indicates that the Pine64 Utilizes a MicroSD card for storage. If this is indeed the case you can easily edit the /etc/fstab file by mounting the aforementioned card in another Ubuntu (or for that matter probably any other) system that supports the file system in use, by editing  /mountpoint/etc/fstab on the system you've mounted the SDcard in and reversing the changes you made previously. If you cannot locate a system with an SDcard reader, there are USB card readers available that you can utilize for this process. Since /etc/fstab is a text file you should be able to edit it with virtually any text editor that is available to you on the system you are using to edit the SDcard. If you created a backup copy before you began editing you can simply copy the backup over the current file to resolve the issue. It might be necessary to use root permissions to edit the file or adjust permissions after you are done to match what is expected.
Typically you should get -rw-r--r-- 1 root root permissions and ownership when you issue the command ls -a /etc/fstab You may have to adjust these by using the chmod and chown commands respectively. which corresponds to read write permissions for root, read permissions for the root group and read permissions for others. The file is owned by root and the root group. These results are obtained via octal notation using the commands chmod 644 filename and chown root:root filename where filename is the file you are changing permissions on (in this particular case with the SDcard mounted in another system /mountpoint/etc/fstab) Once you've completed the edit you can simply unmount and then return the SDcard to the Pine64 and boot normally. If it still doesn't boot you can attempt to recover the data from the SDcard in a similar fashion by mounting it in another system and simply copying the data to another device or if necessary using data recovery tools like ddrescue or testdisk or photorec. If any part of this answer is confusing or unclear please drop me a comment and I'll do my best to clarify.


Can I install current version of ubuntu on a Dell Inspiron mini 10 (CPU=Atom Z530)?

I've run it on worse.  It should run the latest versions of Ubuntu fine, but it may be a little slow.  I would go with Lubuntu, since it's lighter-weight.

In short, yes, but it will be a tad slow.  Go with Lubuntu for better results.


Macbook Pro 9,2 Grub Rescue Prompt rEFIt Ubuntu 12.04

I recommend you try an EFI-mode boot of Ubuntu rather than the BIOS-mode boot you're trying now. You can find instructions on how to do the conversion in the "Fixing the Installation" section of my EFI-Booting Ubuntu on a Mac Web page. That page assumes use of rEFInd, which is my updated fork of rEFIt, but the procedure will work with rEFIt, too, provided you're willing to boot through GRUB. If you stick with rEFIt, you can skip steps 8-11. If you also have Windows installed, you must skip steps 1-7.

One caveat: Although booting Macs to Linux in EFI mode works fine on most systems, it does pose problems on some systems, typically because of hardware that fails to initialize properly. Therefore, if you have problems, you may need to restore the BIOS-boot configuration by reversing the procedure.


"Guided - use entire disk and set up encrypted LVM" LUKS or plain dm-crypt?

The encryption uses LUKS with dm-crypt (not plain dm-crypt).

Quoting http://code.google.com/p/cryptsetup/wiki/DMCrypt:

  cryptsetup utility support several modes. Plain mode is just equivalent of direct configuration of dmcrypt target with passphrase hashing but without on-disk metadata.

  LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) is now the preferred way to set up disk encryption with dm-crypt using the cryptsetup utility

It's more likely that Ubuntu uses the recommended and more secure way of disk encryption. Now, to verify so, read the contents of the disk (assuming that /dev/sda2
contains your encrypted partition):

sudo dd if=/dev/sda2 bs=512 count=1 | xxd

You'll see several options, such as the cipher being used and the ID of the encrypted partition.

Side note: if you only have one partition to encrypt, I suggest you to avoid LVM at all and use LUKS only (which can be done with the manual partitioning method). This avoid the overhead of LVM which you don't need for just a single partition. On the other hand, if you have multiple partitions to encrypt (/, /home, swap), LVM on the top of LUKS is more convenient as you have to enter your passphrase only once. (physical - LUKS - LVM - /home, /, swap, etc)


how to run and install ubuntu 18.4 on oracle vm

It would help if you could expand and show the full error and if we could see the setting of the VM. Firstly I would check and make sure virtualization technology is enabled for your CPU in the BIOS. Then I would try running it as an administrator. Next try rebuilding the VM and then I would also try reinstalling VirtualBox. Without more specific details of the error, we really cannot help.


How to take a screenshot on Ubuntu Touch

The easy way (tested on BQ Aquaris E4.5 and Nexus 4 (ota9))

Hold volume up and volume down until you hear the picture sound and see the screenshot flash.

Your screenshot is now saved in /home/phablet/Pictures/Screenshots and you can view them using the gallery app.

Using the commandline (should work on every device)

The phablet-screenshot command found in the phablet-tools package can take screenshots from an Ubuntu device attached via USB cable.

phablet-screenshot foo.png
I: Dumping fb0 ...
2656 KB/s (3932160 bytes in 1.445s)
I: Done


Mute a microphone with a keyboard shortcut?

OK, I've solved it!

I've created two shell files:

mute_mic.sh:

killall notify-osd;
amixer set Capture nocap && notify-send 'Microphone ! DISABLED !'

unmute_mic.sh:

killall notify-osd;
amixer set Capture cap && notify-send 'Microphone ! ENABLED !'

Then I've simply assigned to run those two files on my desired keyboard shortcuts.

Thanks to @Wouter for finding the notify-send command!


Control-R stopped working, I have to press Control-Shift-R instead

I had this problem and realised I had SimpleScreenRecorder running which was capturing the CTRL+R hotkey.  Hope this helps any googlers!


Some of the nvidia compiler/installers seem to fiddle with blacklisting module names in /etc/modprobe.d/ so I'd look in there for some conflicting settings. Such as nvidia being and alias to another module from the one you want to be used.


Zombies are DEAD processes. They can not be 'kill' (You cannot kill the DEAD).  All processes eventually die, and when they do they become zombies.  They consume almost no resources, which is to be expected because they are dead!  The reason for zombies is so the zombie's parent (process) can retrieve the zombie's exit status and resource usage statistics.  The parent signals the operating system that it no longer needs the zombie by using one of the wait() system calls.
When a process dies, its child processes all become children of process number 1, which is the init process.  Init is always waiting for children to die, so that they don't remain as zombies.
If you have zombie processes it means those zombies have not been waited for by their parent (look at PPID displayed by ps -l).  You have three choices: Fix the parent process (make it wait); kill the parent; or live with it.  Remember that living with it is not so hard because zombies take up little more than one extra line in the output of ps.
Zombies can be identified in the output from the Unix ps command by the presence of a "Z" in the STAT column. Zombies that exist for more than a short period of time typically indicate a bug in the parent program. As with other leaks, the presence of a few zombies isn't worrisome in itself, but may indicate a problem that would grow serious under heavier loads.
To remove zombies from a system, the SIGCHLD signal can be sent to the parent manually, using the kill command. If the parent process still refuses to reap the zombie, the next step would be to remove the parent process. When a process loses its parent, init becomes its new parent. Init periodically executes the wait system call to reap any zombies with init as parent.
There are also orphan processes which are a computer process whose parent process has finished or terminated.
A process can become orphaned during remote invocation when the client process crashes after making a request of the server.
Orphans waste server resources and can potentially leave a server in trouble (This is the biggest resource difference between zombies and orphans (Except if you see some orphan zombie movie). However there are several solutions to the orphan process problem:

Extermination is the most commonly used technique; in this case the orphan process is killed.

Reincarnation is a technique in which machines periodically try to locate the parents of any remote computations; at which point orphaned processes are killed.

Expiration is a technique where each process is allotted a certain amount of time to finish before being killed. If need be a process may "ask" for more time to finish before the allotted time expires.

A process can also be orphaned running on the same machine as its parent process. In a UNIX-like operating system any orphaned process will be immediately adopted by the special "init" system process. This operation is called re-parenting and occurs automatically. Even though technically the process has the "init" process as its parent, it is still called an orphan process since the process which originally created it no longer exists.
More Info:

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_Zombie_Process_and_Orphan_Process#ixzz1PCN9vojU
http://www.linuxsa.org.au/tips/zombies.html
http://www.brighthub.com/computing/linux/articles/79186.aspx
How to identify and kill hanging process, when system hangs and reacts slowly on user input?
Killing a running process in an Ubuntu machine remotely from a windows machine which is in LAN


What has happened to the latest version of Vice C64 emulator?

i found the culprit. it seems that the vice commodore 64 emulator from the synaptic package manager AND the software store (the same i guess) are different than the one from the snapstore. so i deleted vice c64 with use of synaptic package manager completely. then i went to https://snapcraft.io/vice-jz and i clicked install with snap store, and this fixed the problem. this version of vice hits 50+fps on any of my pcs, and is being supplied out-of-the-box with all the neccesary system roms like kernal, chargen, basic etc. no hassle with system roms required.


Good question.

While you won't be able to do architecture detection within the YAML, you can tell the plugins to use a subdirectory of the source rather than the root. So as long as you're okay changing that subdirectory by hand depending on the architecture for which you're building, you're good.

Let's assume the layout of the project you're cloning looks like this:

/:
    subdir1:
        Makefile
    subdir2:
        Makefile

Let's also assume that you're only interested in building subdir1. Here's a snippet from snapcraft help sources:

  source-subdir:

  (string)

  A source directory within a repository or tarfile to enter and build
  from.

So you can Snapcraft what you want with YAML like this:

parts:
    base:
        plugin: make
        source: git://github.com/myproject.git
        source-type: git
        source-subdir: subdir1

That will cause make/make install to be run from subdir1. Note that this applies to any plugin that supports the source options.

EDIT:

Indeed, as sergiusens points out in the comments, snapcraft help make is useful to read, and points out another potential answer here:

parts:
    base:
        plugin: make
        source: git://github.com/myproject.git
        source-type: git
        makefile: subdir1/Makefile

That causes make/make install to be called with -f subdir1/Makefile


Artifacts with AMD® Ryzen 5 3400g with radeon vega graphics × 8

Same problems with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS / Ryzen 3 3200G / Gigabyte B450M S2H /
16GB (2x8GB) DDR4 3200
Workaround 1:
Disable IOMMU in BIOS
Workaround 2:
Add iommu=pt to kernel command line in /etc/default/grub:
sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Edit the line beginging GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT to look like this
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash iommu=pt"

Update GRUB:
sudo update-grub

Reboot
reboot


KDE version for the Ubuntu 14.04LTS

Available:

4.13: http://www.kubuntu.org/news/kde-sc-4.13.3
4.14: http://www.kubuntu.org/news/kde-sc-4.14

The KDE/Kubuntu desktops are metapackages: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MetaPackages

There are several ways to install the KDE desktop:

kde-plasma-desktop
kde-standard
kde-full
kubuntu-desktop
kubuntu-full
etc...

Ubuntu Community - Installing Software: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingSoftware

To use the kde4-config add an option:

kde4-config --help

:~$ kde4-config --help
Usage: kde4-config [Qt-options] [KDE-options] [options]

A little program to output installation paths

Generic options:
  --help                    Show help about options
  --help-qt                 Show Qt specific options
  --help-kde                Show KDE specific options
  --help-all                Show all options
  --author                  Show author information
  -v, --version             Show version information
  --license                 Show license information
  --                        End of options

Options:
  --expandvars              Left for legacy support
  --prefix                  Compiled in prefix for KDE libraries
  --exec-prefix             Compiled in exec_prefix for KDE libraries
  --libsuffix               Compiled in library path suffix
  --localprefix             Prefix in $HOME used to write files
  --kde-version             Compiled in version string for KDE libraries
  --types                   Available KDE resource types
  --path type               Search path for resource type
  --locate filename         Find filename inside the resource type given to --path
  --userpath type           User path: desktop|autostart|document
  --install type            Prefix to install resource files to
  --qt-prefix               Installation prefix for Qt
  --qt-binaries             Location of installed Qt binaries
  --qt-libraries            Location of installed Qt libraries
  --qt-plugins              Location of installed Qt plugins

Development/CMake/Addons for KDE: https://techbase.kde.org/Development/CMake/Addons_for_KDE

The locations of install directories

They are all interpreted relative to CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX

BIN_INSTALL_DIR - the directory where executables be installed (default is prefix/bin)
SBIN_INSTALL_DIR - the directory where system executables will be installed (default is prefix/sbin)
LIB_INSTALL_DIR - the directory where libraries will be installed (default is prefix/lib)

kde4-config with the cmake

The kde4-config can be used with the cmake.

An generic example:

mkdir -p builddir
cd builddir && cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=`kde4-config --prefix`
make
sudo make install

With the Ubuntu the:

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=`kde4-config --prefix`

is same as:

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr

More links

KDE install dirs: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7254976/kde-install-dirs
Configuring KDE paths: http://blog.davidedmundson.co.uk/blog/set-kde-paths


Screen zoomed after removing external monitor

I have no solution but I can confirm this.

I've experienced the same problem a couple of times. I plug in the TV from time to time and sometimes I am stuck with a 3000+resolution after!

I disable the TV. It goes away after restart, but it is really annoying.


If you happen to have an AMD graphics card, try the solution proposed in this answer:

I solved it myself by using amdgpu.dc=0 as a boot parameter.
To do this, edit the file /etc/default/grub, for example using
sudoedit /etc/default/grub

Find the line beginning GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT and add the text amdgpu.dc=0 between the double quotes (""). Leave any other parameters as they are. For example, you may end up with a line like this:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash amdgpu.dc=0"

Save the file and exit, and then run
sudo update-grub

to write the configuration, and reboot.


Honestly, I've never heard of the program you're using.

I personally prefer rsnapshot (http://rsnapshot.org/) for my backup needs.  The Ubuntu package is the same name.

Since it uses hardlinks, the first time it runs may use a lot of CPU time, but afterwards, it won't.  (Especially if you have few files that change between backups -- which is the case for most people.)  Likewise, it won't use much diskspace over time.

Having said that, I schedule backups in the middle of the night.  So other than when I'm testing the configuration file, I don't really have a chance to notice the CPU time.  This is unrelated to whether or not you are running this on a server; rsnapshot can be run on the command line.  Or, you can create a short-cut on your desktop to it.

Another suggestion is to just renice the program so that it runs at a lower priority.  If you need to do this automatically, then some short bash programming will be needed.  See, for example, https://talk.maemo.org/showthread.php?t=36870 or just search for the phrase "automatic renice".

Off the top of my head, I don't know how to do it, but my guess is that you would have to:

write a bash script that finds out the process ID
run renice on it
put this script in a cronjob and either make it run right after your backup starts or have it run repeatedly (i.e., every hour)

I guess the script might look like this, but you really need to clean this up as it's really off the top of my head:

 #!/bin/bash
 PID=`ps -ef | grep "<program name>" | grep -v "grep" | tr -s ' ' | cut -f 2 -d ' '  | head -n 1`
 renice -10 ${PID}

The PID line does this in order:

Gets a list of processes.
Searches for .
Removes any line that has both  and "grep".
Replace consecutive spaces into a single space.
Grab the second column's values using space as a delimiter.
Take the first line.

Hope this helps get you started!


Typically, it is the MySQL user/password that you use, there isn't a separate one for phpMyAdmin.  The access you receive in phpMyAdmin depends on the permissions the user has in MySQL.  If you log in with the MySQL root user/pass, it will give you full access.


Wifi issue with after ubuntu install on nexus 4

It seems to be a common issue when doing multiboot, check this website : http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2538219

Also your question has been answered here : https://askubuntu.com/a/380779/226084


What are the differences between regular processes and services?

Under the hood, services are ordinary processes. What sets them apart is what they do and how they are started (but it's not a hard-and-fast definition). Services typically don't have a user interface, and are typically started when the system boots and run in the background, listening to requests coming from other programs or through the network. Such processes are called daemons in the unix world.

There's a more general definition of service that's more conceptual: a service is a feature that your computer provides. This definition roughly matches what is managed by the service command. Many services are provided by daemons, but that's not always the case. For example the gdm service (the default login manager) is provided by a process that's not really a daemon (it has a user interface for you to type your password). Services like console-setup, mountall or networking (to take examples from /etc/init) aren't provided by continuously running processes, but are enabled and disabled by running some state-changing commands.

Another somewhat related concept is that of servers. A server is a program that listens to connections from other programs. (The connections might come through the network or by various local communication means.) Many servers are daemons, but a short-lived program can be a server and won't be considered a daemon; a program with a user interface also won't be considered a daemon. For example, the Emacs editor can run a server that listens to external requests to open files (i.e. running emacsclient myfile opens a file in a running instance of Emacs by contacting its associated emascsserver process); Emacs can start in daemon mode, meaning that the server is started but no GUI (a window will be opened when you open a file). By extension, a server computer is a computer whose main purpose is to run server programs.


Why can't I install a package with a pinned dependency?

That's not a "pinned" package, at least not in the same sense as apt pinning. Apt always prefers the highest version of a package, unless otherwise indicated to do so via the aforementioned apt pinning or manual version specification (something like apt install ditto-ar ceres=1.13.0-dittobuild1). Your package's dependency specification cannot override that.


For a one-time shutdown you can use

shutdown -h 02:00

To schedule it you can use cron. There are some GUIs for it like gnome-schedule.

But to start machine on schedule you have to look at BIOS/UEFI settings.

Update: check the answers about MythTV and Wake on Plan below to schedule startup.


will running ubuntu from a live usb key affect my windows 10 installation in any way?

If you're purely using the persistent storage on the USB key there will be no adverse effects to your windows system, it's completely separate, and you're only using resources such as the CPU and memory from the machine, not the HDD with the Windows OS installed.

However if you mount the HDD which contains Windows, and make any changes to the filesystem, this can affect the files on that disk, including files which are necessary for Windows to operate.

If you don't play around with anything on the internal HDD, you will be fine.


You can load windows onto a usb stick with the Windows USB/DVD Download tool at the link below, and do a boot repair. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/windows-usb-dvd-download-tool


Have you tried throwing this flag at it?

--enable-progress-filter


How to improve FPS performance in Gnome?

I had the same issue till this morning. Ubuntu GNOME 17.04 is running Gnome 3.24, and this issue seem to affect every Gnome 3.2x versions.

  I've tried uninstalling xserver-xorg-video-intel, as recommended on a
  redit post (which refers to a note on a Debian package saying it's
  deprecated), although I could not find the xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf
  referred to in that post. There was no noticeable difference.

I saw the same "solution" on internet, that it seemed the only one around because distros with Gnome 3.20 or higher are not so much today.

I solved this opening "Software & Updates" (installed by default), went to the tab "Additional Drivers" and put the "Do not use this device" (before it was set on Intel-microcode), as in the screenshot:

Change to "Do not use this device", instead of intel-microcode

Restart shouldn't be needed, but I did it anyway and I suggest you to do the same.
Just that solved the issue for me.

After that I've also tried to change the GPU's driver, and saw little differences between them, but this is very hardware-related, I think. So try to tweak it and see what is more performing on your machine.


How to create xrdp external connection in Ubuntu 17.04?

Just a guess here...

as described in this post; (see http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=10887) may be there is a configuration change in Lubuntu.  You might need to check that you are allowed to perform remote connections....

To check this, edit your /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config and check the line allowed_users=

if the file contains

allowed_users=console;

try to update the file and make the line look like

allowed_users=anybody

and try to connect using xRDP again

Try also first to modify the.. .xsession file instead of startwm.sh

Hope this help
Till next time


System Settings -> Universal Access -> Seeing -> Screen reader -> Off

Or a hotkey "Alt-Super-S"


Laptop WIFI Issues on Docking Station with 16.04

Open Terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T.

Type gksu gedit /etc/systemd/logind.conf and press Enter.

Enter your password when prompted. You are now in the graphical editor for Ubuntu and looking at the systemd configuration file.

Search for the text:

HandleLidSwitchDocked=

ensure there is a ignore after the equal sign. For good measure remove the # at the beginning of the line if it's there.

Setting Docked status to ignore tells systemd not to suspend your laptop if it's plugged into a docking station or has a monitor/tv attached via HDMI port.

It sounds like your system is suspended or, at least partially suspended, with the lid closed.

Save the file and reboot.

This is the first thing to try. There are other issues such as stopping and restarting wifi during suspend/resume but this is a good first step. Please report back with results.


Automatically open applications at start up in Xubuntu 14.04 LTS

Did you try it this way ?

  Add Application to startup

Open 'Settings Manager'
Select 'Session and Startup'
On the 'Application Autostart' click on the 'Add' button


Ubuntu 11.10 "cant find" Executable files (NOT .exe's)

Assuming it is both urbi-launch and balltracking.u that are problems, I suggest you try this for each of these two scripts.  First go to the directory in which the script resides.  Do an ls -Ll <script> and confirm that script grants you execute permissions.  The Ll is upper and lower case "el", which give you permissions and traces a symlink in case the script is a link.  This guarantees you get the permission on the script and no accidentally the link.

If the permissions look right, then try running each script as a command by invoking it as ./<script>.

If that works, then it is not a problem with Ubuntu, the script executes correctly.  If it does not execute correct, please provide the permissions listing and the results of the id command so we can see what you are too.

If the script work from the command line, then it is your start.sh script that has a problem.  Have it echo the paths so you can see what is really being used.  Another approach to narrow down to the setting of paths is to hard code the explicit path in start.sh for each of the other scripts.  If that works, you are guaranteed the problem is in your start.sh scrip and how you determine the path.

Last, I strongly recommend you adopt the following stype for variables in scripts, use ${variable} instead of $variable because adding the curly braces guarantees that other characters are not accidentally added to the variable name creating a new variable with no value.


This how I fixed this issue :

change the source to default from here

apt-get update
apt-get install linux-image-server
cd /etc/grub.d/
mv 06_OVHkernel /root/
update-grub
reboot
apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r`

insiperd from this link


What determines entries in "Lost & Found" in Kubuntu 16.04?

What does Lost & Found mean.

On other Desktop Environments it is probably called Other instead of Lost & Found. It just means, that your Desktop Environment could not figure out, where to put an application.

Why are some applications in Lost & Found

The .desktop file of your application lacks the Categories option.
You can find it's location under multiple paths:

/usr/share/applications (System wide)
/usr/local/share/applications (System wide)
~/.local/share/applications (User specific)

Changing categories

If you don't like it you can change the category of the application with multiple ways.

In KDE

Right click your Application Menu
Click Edit Applications...
Expand Lost & Found
Drag the entries to a different category (In this example it would be Development)
(optional) Sort the category

Right click the category
Click Sort...
Click Sort selection by name (or description).

Click the Save button.

In GNOME or GTK+ based desktops

You will probably need to install a tool called alacarte.

Install alacarte (apt-get install alacarte)
Open alacarte by typing it in your terminal or via menu (Note that it is called Menu Editor on most systems)
Move the items around
Save

Editing the file (Advanced)

Find your file (located in a folder described above)
Open it in your desired text editor (for exampel nano)
Add Categories=MyCategory
Save the file.

The name was probably derived from the folder called lost+found that appears on unix like systems.
More information about lost+found can be found (no pun intended) here: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/18154


Where can I find a step-by-step guide on how to install Ubuntu 18.04 LTS on Dell XPS 9570 as dual boot?

The details are here in many answered questions or the help section.
To summarize, since many answers are old:

Pick a compatible set of  software e.g. CUDA 10.1, DNN 7.6.5, Tensorflow 2.1.
Install Ubuntu, using the "nomodeset" word edited onto the kernel
boot line until you have the latest offered proprietary Nvidia
drivers installed.
Install the proprietary Nvidia drivers. No need for any PPAs for
graphics drivers, the ones in the standard repositories will do
nicely. Probably the latest one is 435 or 440, depending upon the
kernel.
Pick a CUDA installation method WITHOUT any old Nvidia drivers. Avoid the .deb packages with the Nvidia driver number in their name. There is a list of debs, pick one of the top level cuda ones, the other are brought along from that one.  Normally, I'd recommend avoiding the .run file installation method, but I think that actually allows you to skip the unwanted Nvidia drivers.  The real problem with the old drivers, all the CUDA files depend upon them, they (partially) delete the current drivers, and may not be fully configured, causing problems every kernel update, and maybe even subsequent logins.  If you update drivers again, you will delete all the old ones, and leave all the CUDA files subject to autoremove.
Install any old gcc and g++ the CUDA versions requires.  Simply add links to these (gcc, g++ ar, nm, ranlib) to the ...cuda/bin.  This should be before all the system bin locations in your PATH, as per standard instructions, so they will be used.
Make the samples, and add any missing libraries necessary.
Install the Intel Deep Neural Networking DNN packages. I just put them into the existing cuda locations (cuda/bin  cuda/lib64 cuda/include). Again, make the samples, and add any missing libraries.
Tensorflow has it's own web site with installation instructions. At least with the python/pip installs, when a requested (old) version of a file/package is not available, later ones will be suggested.

All documented, but old instructions typically have unneeded complications -- it's gotten simpler with time.

Those links seem reasonable, I have no direct experience with MOK utils. Definitely check that your BIOS/UEFI settings are the latest. The inst. I used were https://medium.com/@Oysiyl/install-tensorflow-2-with-gpu-support-on-ubuntu-19-10-f502ae85593c  Only had to update the python3 -m pip install ...tensorflow==2.1.0rc0 to tensorflow==2.2.0rc2 (latest choice given when the original failed on an Ubutnu 20.04B install).


Iced tea-2.3.4 installation script fails on executing

Change to that directory after extracting the tar then do as

./configure
make
sudo make install

execute those commands one by one.


I know if you go to System>preferences>appearance.  And then click on the fonts tab you can actually change font sizes for most everything.

Then you can just install a theme that has larger icons, and you should be able to see everything pretty well.

I realize this may not be optimal, but it's likely the best you can do besides actually plugging the desktop into the tv.  Most tv's have oddball resolutions that look much better than they should given the tv's size.


Create bridge to QEMU virtual machine in Ubuntu 14.04

Well, the closest I got actually solves my original question, but creates a fresh set of new problems. Creating a VM like so should automatically create the bridge:

virt-install --connect qemu:///system \
  --name ws2016 --ram 2048 --vcpus 4 \
  --network network=default,model=virtio \
  --disk path=/dev/sda2,size=69 \
  --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 \
  --cdrom /media/YourWindowsISO.iso \
  --disk path=/media/virtio-win.iso,device=cdrom \
  --os-variant win2k8 --video cirrus

After using this, editing libvirt to specify the CPU type (so Windows doesn't freeze on setup), enabling VNC binding in qemu.conf, and installing Virtio drivers on the Windows guest, it works-

Until you reboot the host.

From then on the system gets bricked, refuses all incoming connections including SSH, so RIP goes your remote dedi.

Settled for simply using QEMU in a screen, default networking settings.


You should check coreboot a Free Software project aimed at replacing the proprietary BIOS (firmware) found in most computers. coreboot performs a little bit of hardware initialization and then executes additional boot logic, called a payload.

Wiki of coreboot supported motherboards.

Extracted from here.

EDIT:

MCP55 chipset is supported. It could be that your chipset (MCP61) is supported.

Note that there is already support for your chipset MCP61 in flashrom.

Specifically check this section of coreboot wiki

I hope that I gave you some useful tips.

Hopefully we are not off-topic in askubuntu ;)


Activate conda environment in Ubuntu desktop shortcut

Assuming that the conda initialization lines are already in one's .bashrc file, one can run a command in an activated environment by starting a new bash session:

Exec=bash -c "source ~/.bashrc && conda activate matlab_env && matlab"


From tty1 you can open the gnome-terminal in tty7 (where the GUI should be started) by running the following command:

env DISPLAY=:0 gnome-terminal

See some more explanations in this post.


The chrome .deb not working with the new software center?

I've stumbled upon the same problem...

Easy way

Simply install Chromium from the software center. It's the open-source version of Google Chrome.

Somewhat harder way - Possibility 1

sudo apt-get install gdebi

Right-click the downloaded deb-file and choose Open with Gdebi.
Click the Install package button.

Somewhat harder way - Posibility 2

cd Downloads
sudo dpkg -i chrome.deb

Replace chrome.deb  by the correct filename.


OBS is not working with Wayland display server

OBS Studio will not work without Xorg, as it directly talks to X11 in order to perform screen recording. There is already an open bug on the issue of recording under Wayland sessions, on the bug tracker.

You may be able to run the app under Xwayland and force QT_QPA_PLATFORM=xcb for OBS STudio, but there is no guarantees it will work.


Compiling a C++ program with Chilkat library

I managed to compile your program with the following:

    g++ test.cpp -Lchilkat/lib -lchilkat-9.5.0 -o test

-L gives the path where the library is stored

-l gives the name of the library


You have

mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain

which translates as

mydestination = mysite.com, localhost.mysite.com, localhost, mysite.com

Sending an email to somewhere@example.com is relaying. You can control the behaviour with smtpd_recipient_restrictions. You have reject_unauth_destination which means that relaying is disabled (see here for more details), unless one of the permit_* before matches. In this case you have permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks, the second one means you need either to send the email directly from the hosts (in fact any host in mynetworks), or to authenticate yourself (permit_sasl_authenticated).

TL;DR: you need to authenticate if you want to send emails from a remote machine to an other domain.


How can I fix the resolution of my live USB?

you can vi /etc/default/grub and change the line GRUB_GFXMODE=(resolution) and change it there to make it boot up to the specified resolution.


rEFInd showing 3 ubuntu .efi instead of 2

rEFInd is designed to automatically remove certain redundant entries. One of these redundancies is shimx64.efi, if grubx64.efi is also present. Thus, your statement that "[i]t should be grub64.efi and shim64.efi" is not correct, unless you created a manual boot stanza for one or both of these files.

In your case, you've got three entries:

grubx64.efi -- This is the GRUB binary that Ubuntu installed. Selecting it launches GRUB, which loads the Linux kernel and boots it using the GRUB boot loader mechanism for the Linux kernel. GRUB may present its own menu or not, depending on its configuration. This menu is likely to include options for all your Linux kernels, and perhaps for other OSes or special functions. If you don't select any option from the GRUB menu, it probably launches the latest (currently 3.13.0-52) kernel
vm-linuz-3.13.0.32-generic.efi.signed -- This option loads the 3.13.0-32 Linux kernel, which is the kernel that ships with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (the version released in April of 2014). rEFInd launches the kernel as if it were an EFI application, relying on the EFI stub loader as a boot loader and bypassing GRUB.
vm-linuz-3.13.0-52-generic.efi.signed -- This option is just like the preceding one, except that it launches the more up-to-date 3.13.0-52 kernel, which includes bug fixes and new features collected over the past year.

As a practical matter, you should use whatever works best for you. In most cases, the GRUB option and the rEFInd option for the latest kernel will result in systems that function identically by most measures. There may be some tiny differences, like a slightly different Command line: line in your dmesg output, but these will have no practical effects. Depending on your GRUB configuration and the contents of /boot/refind_linux.conf, there could be other differences, such as graphical vs. text-mode startup messages; or in extreme cases one might boot and the other might not. A direct kernel boot is likely to be easier to fix if something goes wrong, because GRUB can be complex and difficult to debug. Also, if you want to boot an older kernel for some reason, doing so from the rEFInd menu may be a little easier than doing it from GRUB, especially if GRUB is configured to boot without showing you its own menu. OTOH, if there's no /boot/refind_linux.conf file or if it's misconfigured, GRUB might boot properly where rEFInd's direct kernel launch might fail or set things up sub-optimally.

As you continue to use and upgrade the system, you may see additional direct kernel options appear in rEFInd's menu. You can manually uninstall kernels you know you're not going to use; or typing sudo apt-get autoremove in a Terminal will remove all but three of them (usually the original kernel and the two most recent ones). It's generally a good idea to keep at least two kernels around. The reason is that kernel bugs are sometimes introduced, so you want to have the option of booting back to an older kernel in case you run into such a problem.

If you want to remove options you're not using from rEFInd's display, you can do so in various ways:

You can use the dont_scan_volumes, dont_scan_dirs, and dont_scan_files options in refind.conf (usually in /boot/efi/EFI/refind/ from Ubuntu). These options remove particular boot loaders from the menu based on locations or filenames without actually deleting them.
You can set scan_all_linux_kernels false in refind.conf. This will cause rEFInd to ignore Linux kernels that lack .efi extensions. (Note that your kernels have .efi.signed extensions, which will be ignored with this option set to false.)
You can remove the EFI driver for the filesystem on which your kernel resides. This driver is usually in /boot/efi/EFI/refind/drivers_x64 from Linux. Removing this driver will remove all of the direct Linux boot options.
You can delete the files entirely. This is not an option if you want to remove the entries that directly boot the Linux kernel, since GRUB needs those files to boot Linux; but you might consider it if you don't want to see the GRUB option or if something else is showing up (say, an old Windows boot entry for a Windows installation you've deleted). Most boot entries will show up in subdirectories of /boot/efi/EFI/ under Ubuntu, but some may be elsewhere.

If you've got precisely the three entries you described, if you were to remove the direct-kernel entries, you'd probably be better off bypassing rEFInd and using GRUB directly -- after all, there's little point to having a boot manager with just one boot option. Removing the GRUB entry might make some sense, but having it available is also worthwhile in case you run into a problem with the EFI stub loader down the line.


Ubuntu 11.10 doesn't recognise second graphics card

This is doable. But you need to understand some of the "limitations" that you will encounter.

Since these are two separate gfx cards You will have to run 2 different x servers.

You cannot move applications between windows  (not as bad as it sounds!)
Unity doesent seem to work well with Separate X servers. You have to use unity2d.
you can "switch" desktops" independently of each other

here is a pastebin with the configuration I used

http://pastebin.com/NAd5jEH1

You will need to tweak some settings like the "PCI" port of your cards ,  horizsync and vertical refresh and possibly the resolutions.

Godspeed!


Can't install gcc 4.8, dependency issues

The best way to install gcc with C++11 support is to do

sudo apt-get install build-essential

and then compile the source code with

g++ <Filename>.cpp -std=c++0x


This is because your update manager is set to update just to LTS versions.

How to fix

Open Update Manager, press Settings and select Updates, there set the "Alert on next Ubuntu releases" to All releases. (I don't use English version, so, it may differ a little the therms there.)

Another method:
Open a terminal, and type: do-release-upgrade -d


ubuntu 19.04 hangs on show Plymouth boot screen when installing

When you are trying the installation from USB, when you get to the screen shown below there's a couple of things you can try:

Press F6, and select nomodeset as shown in the image.  This may be enough by itself.
Press Esc and your cursor should be in "Boot Options".  Two of the options are "Quiet" and "Splash"

Splash displays the little dancing dots that just let you know your computer is running
Quiet hides system messages during boot

Remove both "quiet" and "splash"
Press Enter to continue the boot process

nomodeset delays the loading of video drivers until X is up and running, which assist in installation on some video cards.  Displaying the system messages while booting allows you to see if there are perhaps some warnings or errors that occur during the boot process.


Grub console at boot if pen drive not plugged in

Yours is a common problem, and your question is a duplicate, although I've been unable to find a relevant duplicate through a web search.

Ubuntu installs GRUB in EFI mode in a crazy way, with parts scattered across two partitions:

The EFI System Partition (ESP) holds the grubx64.efi binary and one or two other related files. In your case, this is on the hard disk.
The GRUB configuration file is stored in the Ubuntu /boot directory, which in your case is on the USB flash drive. The GRUB configuration file defines the boot menu you normally see, so if it's inaccessible, you get an unhelpful grub> prompt (or something similar).

There are a number of solutions, including:

Create a /boot partition on your internal disk -- This will put all the critical GRUB files there, so GRUB will continue to work.
Install another boot manager, such as my rEFInd boot manager -- rEFInd doesn't rely on cross-partition configuration files for basic functionality, so if you install it to your internal disk's ESP and make rEFInd the default, you'll be able to boot Windows when the USB drive is unplugged or either OS when the USB drive is plugged in. With the right options set in /boot/efi/EFI/refind/refind.conf, you'll be able to boot straight to Windows when the USB drive is unplugged and straight to Ubuntu when the USB drive is plugged in.
Install a customized GRUB -- It's possible to configure GRUB to rely on a configuration file on the ESP rather than in /boot. This requires considerable expertise to set up. See this page for some coverage of this topic. (Note that the page includes a notice that it's outdated and to refer to another page, but the newer page lacks the relevant details.)
Rely on the computer's built-in boot manager -- Usually, hitting Esc, Enter, F8, or some other function key brings up a boot manager that will let you select between Ubuntu and Windows. You can use this to control the boot process and bypass GRUB when the USB drive is unplugged.

EDIT:* I've just filed a bug report about this problem:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/grub2/+bug/1567534


How can I disable checksum feature in brasero?

Go to Applications > Sound & Video > Brasero Disc Burner
Select Edit > Plugins
Disable these plugins:

File Checksum
Image Checksum

Source


How to enable mirrored displays on Ubuntu 17.10 (Artful Aardvark)

You should have some extra options at the top of the screen , not shown in your screen shot.

See this screenshot which shows the display mode at the top.

You need to select "Join Displays" - circled in red.  That should do the trick for you.


How can I restore folders from an external hard drive using my ubuntu computer?

You have to try some Data Recovery tools which may help you to restore some of your old data.

From R-tools Technology:

  R-Linux is a free data recovery and undelete utility for Ext2FS/3FS
  (Linux) file systems. File recovery after power failure, system crash,
  virus infection, or partition reformation, even for the different file
  system. Unformat and unerase tool. The utility creates image files an
  entire disk, partition or its part. Such drive image can be processed
  like regular drive

You can download 64 bit verion from here.

To install

sudo dpkg -i rli_en*.deb


Be sure you verify the checksum of the image. On the Ubuntu download page you will find a .md5 or .sha256 file to download. here is the ubuntu docs
How to MD5 sum


lirc_zilog IR transmission no longer working with HD-PVR on 12.04

That's odd...it works out of the box for me with 12.04.

Why are you using /usr/local/bin/irsend instead of the one in /usr/bin/irsend?

Here is an irsend command that works for me:

/usr/bin/irsend --device=/dev/lircd SEND_ONCE blaster 1_27_KEY_2

Perhaps you need to specify --device, and use the binary in /usr/bin?


Internet Connection Sharing connect/disconnect loop

here https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/network-manager/+bug/865001
it is recommended to set IPv6 to "Ignore" and sudo killall dnsmasq

worked for me


Is there an equivalence to ControlPlance for Mac?

Found what seems to be the perfect match: Cuttlefish (thanks to OMG! Ubuntu!)

Not as refined as ControlPlane, but likely a good equivalent regardless.


How can I only show week day and date in my gnome shell clock?

When you say, "Gnome shell clock", I presume that you do not mean Unity's version?

This is what I have on file. Please try it and let us know whether or not it works for you.

You need gconf-editor ("Configuration Editor") installed; if not, please install it first; you can do this from Ubuntu Software Centre.

Open gconf-editor > apps > panel > applets > clock_screen0 > prefs
("clock_screen0" may have a slightly different name).
format > custom
custom_format > %a %H:%M

The date format is the same as described in the date manual (open a terminal and enter man date).

The format can also include limited text formatting such as  and . Use %n for a newline. Here is an example:

%a %d %b%n%I:%M %p


From my quick and incomplete search to solve this problem myself and wild inferences from your post, you are attempting to download the package from the package repository that may only have panel support for unity. To use it without panel support, you may need to manually create and edit the program's config files documented in the link here. I would suggest trying the shell extension found here if you were using Gnome Shell 3.12, but I think 15.04 uses Gnome shell 3.14, based on the fact that I am on a freshly installed Ubuntu Gnome 15.04.

Good luck and have fun, we are on linux so tinker my friend.


Why am i in run level 2 but i can still see my GUI?

Ubuntu does not use the concept of Runlevels any more. Ubuntu now uses the new upstart based init which depends solely on the occurrence of an event and then triggering defined response(s) to start/kill programs.

Runlevel on the other hand, is from the old SysV style init daemon that depends on the runlevel to decide which program will start and which will be killed, you need to put the scripts in the defined directories for each runlevel (/etc/rc{0..6}.d).

For the reason of compatibility Ubuntu still supports running SysV runlevels scripts from /etc/rc{0..6}.d based on the runlevel set in the variable DEFAULT_RUNLEVEL of /etc/init/rc-sysinit.conf, but the concept of runlevels is somewhat obsolete and you should not be too much bothered about it.


In Edit -> Preferences menu on the 1st tab General, the 1st setting (Start Options) is to define what Firefox will do when starting. You have 3 options there:

Open Homepage
Open Blank Page
Restore Windows and tabs from previous session

If you set it to the 1st one, it will only open your Homepage when starting and not try to restore previous tabs (if it had been closed properly before). If you logout or shutdown without closing Firefox, it will always (I think) restore the tabs that where open when you logged off.

Obs: not sure about the exact words of the menu because mine is not in English but the meaning should be the same.


How to keep Firefox running [Ubuntu Linux]

To keep firefox running, you need to run it through terminal using 'firefox &'. And it should not close automatically when you disconnect from the server.


How to strip any unrecognisable characters from terminal output

To generate a random alphanumeric string using the system's RNG (/dev/urandom) in Python, you should probably better use random.SystemRandom:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import random, string

RNG = random.SystemRandom()                         # Random Number Generator
characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits   # allowed characters

# build a string by choosing a random character from `characters` 6 times:
s = "".join(RNG.choice(characters) for n in range(6))

print(s)

The method above allows you to exactly specify which characters are allowed and guarantees that your output string has exactly the desired length.

I decided for string.ascii_letters + string.digits in this example, which results in abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789.

However, you could also use your own small script (or directly read 6 bytes from /dev/urandom using the command head -c 6 /dev/urandom) and filter the output to only show alphanumeric characters using tr:

python3 your_script.py | tr -cd '[:alnum:]' ; echo
head -c 6 /dev/urandom | tr -cd '[:alnum:]' ; echo

The tr command deletes (-d) all characters that are not (-c = complement) in the specified character set '[:alnum:]' which is a special shorthand for all alphanumeric characters.

The echo in the end simply produces a line break.

The disadvantage of this is that your output string has an undefined length, because you can't know how many valid characters there will be in the output.

However, if you directly read from /dev/urandom without Python, you can invert the pipe order like below to keep filtering random bytes until the output has the desired length:

tr -cd '[:alnum:]' < /dev/urandom | head -c 6 ; echo

Alternatively, you can also turn any binary data into readable characters by simply encoding it in base64, which is a character set of a-z, A-Z, 0-9, / and +:

python3 your_script.py | base64
head -c 6 /dev/urandom | base64

Note that the length of a base64 encoded string is always bigger than the length of the original data in bytes. The base64 output will also always end with ==.


How to pipe single result from output of locate command to another command?

If you are able to restrict your output to a single line, perhaps with help from grep, you can use the following syntax:

totem "$(locate -i "hardest button" | grep pattern)"

Otherwise, you can use screen that allow to select a portion of the buffer to paste into another location.

Probably also using the mouse from the keyboard (see keyboard preferences) can be of help.

Finally, I don't think gnome-terminal allow to select something without the mouse, there is no shortcut for this.


Accidentally removed ia32-libs and now GUI is not working

Execute sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop --reinstall to make sure all required libraries are there and potentially fix it.


install Gnome in ubuntu 15.10 along with unity

You could also revert to both, and type this in the terminal:

 dconf -reset -f /etc/atp
 unity --replace-reset-icon & disown

and you have both environment.


To update Pidgin to 2.10.7, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pidgin-developers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pidgin


With an amount of pain and suffering, fossfreedom's suggestion paid off. I didn't try the VBScript method, mainly because I didn't know how much of that is actually implemented in Wine. There was also mention of add-on packs that don't seem to be present in Wine.

So that left me with the Shortcut.exe method from alfasin.

Download Shortcut.exe from its creator
Unzip it and make it available somewhere under your WINEPREFIX (I used ~/.wine/drive_c/)
Run wineconsole to get a cmd.exe-like environment
From there, cd to whereever your shortcut.exe live and use it. Here's what I ran:

Shortcut /a:c /f:"%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\Desktop\Borderlands2.lnk" /t:"C:\Program Files\Steam\steamapps\common\Borderlands 2\Binaries\Win32\Borderlands2.exe"

If nothing else it has provided me with a renewed (and thoroughly deserved) hatred towards Windows.


You might find installing grub-customizer to be useful.

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

Also it may interest you to take a look at this question.


How do I upgrade a server image inside EC2?

Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx) is currently the most recent LTS.  Based on the message you've given above, it seems that you're already running 10.04, and thus, there is no newer LTS.

Now, some other points:

I've written documentation on how to upgrade kernels in 10.04 in a blog post.
If you are able to upgrade your instance's kernel (as described above), then the message is a bug, and it can be ignored (bug 653220)

The fact that "Ubuntu on EC2" is different than "Plain Ubuntu Server" is mostly historic at this point.  If you launch new instances based on the most recent Ubuntu images for any currently supported release other than 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron), then you can simply sudo do-release-upgrade or "dist-upgrade" and ignore that message.


Black screen installing Ubuntu 12.04 on HP pavilion g6

You may want to try using the "nomodeset" kernel boot parameter. You need to modify the boot options upon booting from your Live USB drive to add this option, which should then allow you to reach a graphical desktop in order to install.

Please note that in my example I am using the 32-bit 12.04.3 ISO:

Boot from your Live USB.
Press a key as soon as you see the brown screen with the small logo at the bottom.
Select a language from the menu once it appears.
Press F6 and use the cursor keys to highlight and select "nomodeset" on the small grey menu.
Press the escape key to clear this menu, then press enter on "Try Ubuntu..."

More information on how to do this can be found here:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1613132

It's likely the laptop you mention is using a graphics chip which will require some proprietary graphics drivers to be installed in order to function normally. However, try the above first to see how you get on.

Good luck!


Ubuntu server on LAN but can't get to internet when other pc's can

auto eth0:0you should avoid doing this, as it depends on the deprecated ifconfig and the way it uses multiple ip addresses. I guess its still the way to do it with interfaces(5) however....

what is the ip address of this host?:

default         towerysxxx.towe 0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0

your gateway should be on the public ip part, having your gateway in the localnet while you are the gateway makes no sense, that is your problem, you don't have your gateway set right.


How to change the desktop environment from lxqt to lxde

There shouldn't be any lxqt session in the login screen unless you've done something which you haven't reported.

The default choices are:

Lubuntu
Lubuntu Qt session
Openbox

The contents of /usr/share/xsessions/QLubuntu.desktop are:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Lubuntu Qt session
Comment=A specific Lubuntu session using Qt
Exec=/usr/bin/startlxqt
Type=Application

Running

locate startlxqt

comes up empty.

And when a user chooses to login with Lubuntu Qt session, the following window pops up:

The only option is to click Okay after which the system crashes.

In my opinion, Lubuntu Qt session shouldn't have been present at all. It just doesn't work. You most probably will have to reboot as suggested by Panther in a comment to your question.

When you do reboot and reach the login screen, carefully click on the image to the left of en_US (or whatever language choice you have) and carefully choose Lubuntu because if you don't the likelihood is that you'll again end up with the Lubuntu Qt session because the last choice is remembered.

Once you're safely logged in, if you want to ensure you never accidentally click on the Lubuntu Qt session again, open your terminal and run the following commands:

cd /usr/share/xesssions
sudo rm QLubuntu.desktop

The next time you login, you won't see  Lubuntu Qt session as an option.

Update
This issue has been addressed and a fix is committed: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/lubuntu-default-settings/+bug/1786602/comments/2


Netbook power button ineffective after lubuntu 15.10 to 16.04LTS update

I finally got sufficiently annoyed by this problem that I spent a few hours trying to fix it. A lot of posts here on askubuntu.com were helpful, and hopefully this will help someone else.

Here's what I ended up doing to get it to work ...

First, I set the power button action in the power manager preferences to "Do Nothing", as I didn't want this to interfere with anything (recall that the button sometimes did something).

Next, I installed ACPI:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install acpi acpid

Then I created /etc/acpi/powerbtn.sh containing the following:

# If LXDE is running execute lxsession-logout.

_LXSESSION_PID=`pidof lxsession`

if [ ! -n "$_LXSESSION_PID" ]
then
    /sbin/shutdown -h now "Power button pressed"

elif [ "$2" = "PBTN" ]
then
    export _LXSESSION_PID
    export DISPLAY=:0
    export XUSER=myUserName ## Put your actual user ID here! ##
    export XAUTHORITY=/home/$XUSER/.Xauthority
    logger "Launching lxsession-logout"
    lxsession-logout
fi

Next, I created /etc/acpi/events/powerbtn containing the following:

event=button/power
action=/etc/acpi/powerbtn.sh %e

Finally, I restarted the ACPI daemon:

/etc/init.d/acpid restart

Just a few additional notes:

This is a single user machine, so I had no qualms about hard-coding my user ID into the script.
Some posts I read suggested that the powerbtn.sh or events/powerbtn files would already be there; they weren't.
The %e in the event's action, and the elif [ "$2" = "PBTN" ] in the powerbtn.sh script, were necessary because pressing the key triggered the event twice, one with a key name of PBTN, and once with LNXPWRBN:00. Without this, the dialog popped up again if I cancelled the first time.


Start a command based application from the GNOME search box

You'll have to create a .desktop file for Firefox 57 (say firefox57.desktop) in ~/.local/share/applications. You may use the following format:

[Desktop Entry]
Comment=Launch Firefox 57
Terminal=false
Name=Firefox 57
Exec=full/path/to/firefox-57
Type=Application
Icon=firefox

Now if you search for "Firefox 57" in GNOME search box, it should appear.

Notes:

Provide the full/path/to/firefox-57 in the Exec= line (i.e. put /home/YOUR_USER_NAME/Downloads/... instead of ~/Downloads/...)
This Firefox 57 launcher will use the Firefox icon specified by your icon theme. You can use a custom icon (preferably a .png or .svg image) by specifying its full path in the Icon= line.


Can you preview the effects of a command?

For a safe guard use following commands to see the preview

echo ./*
ls -la ./*


How to allow lamp and apache2 service run parallel?

you do not have to run the apache2 service manually. LAMP is all you need as we all know LAMP = Linux, Apache, Mysql and Php


I removed the ulatency package which fixed it.


Is there any faster way to remove a directory than "rm -rf"?

You could try unlinking the inode for the directory but that would leave you with a whole load of orphan files that fsck will  flip out about.

rm is as good as it gets.

A few people are mentioning edge cases where some things are faster than others. But let's make sure we're comparing the best versions of the same things.

If you want to delete a directory and everything in it, I'm suggesting you:

rm -rf path/to/directory

rm will internally list the files and directories it's going to delete. And that's all in compiled C. It's those two reasons it's fastest.

This is very pointedly not the same thing as rm -rf path/to/directory/* which will expand at shell level and pass a load of arguments into rm. Then rm has to parse those and then recurse from each. That's much slower.

Just as a "benchmark" that compares find path/to/directory -exec {} \; is nonsense. That runs rm once per file it finds. So slow. Find can xargs-style build commands arguments with -exec rm {} + but that's just as slow as expansion. You can call -delete which uses an internal unlink call to the kernel (like rm does) but that'll only work for files at first.

So to repeat, unless you throw the disk into liquid hot magma, rm is king.

On a related note, different filesystems delete things at different rates because of how they're structured. If you're doing this on a regular basis you might want to store these files in a partition formatted in XFS which tends to handle deletions pretty fast.

Or use a faster disk. If you have tons of RAM, using /dev/shm (a RAM disk) could be an idea.


Cannot add PPA: 'ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair'

This specific issue occurs when you live boot and try to do add the ppa before being connected to the internet.

Simply connect to the internet first and then try to add the ppa again just like before.


It appears that metadata in version 0.12.3 are compatible with the newer versions. To clarify, I copied ~/.shotwell from my old computer running Shotwell 0.12.3 to ~/.local/share (that is, to ~/.local/share/shotwell) on my new computer running Shotwell 0.28.4.  I see no sign of any metadata being lost in the process.


Acting as a reverse proxy for raw TCP packets

Preserving the IP address of the proxied server wouldn't work in your situation. If the client originally connects to the proxy (we'll say proxy:1111) and gets a response from minecraft1:2525, what does the client do with it. There's no way for the client to map this response to the original request.

Keep doing it the way you're doing it.

Instead, you could use multiple rule sets on a range of ports. So, for example, minecraft1 is proxy:1111, minecraft2 is proxy:1112, mincraft3 is proxy:1113, etc.

Then you could set up your rules like this:

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 1111 -j DNAT --to-destination ip:port
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 1112 -j DNAT --to-destination ip:port
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 1113 -j DNAT --to-destination ip:port
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE

Then, to connect to minecraft1, you'd use proxy:1111. For minecraft2, proxy:1112, etc. The port that the actual Minecraft servers are running on doesn't matter since the rules will relay to the correct port.


You were almost there with your example ('I did: smb:\IP Address'), but looks like you've got the address wrong, it's got to be in URI format like a web address.

Either go by Clive's example or try these:

Open up Nautilus/File Manager
Hit Control + L (to bring up location
bar)
Type smb://(ip_address)/(share) (though, it'll work without the share name)
or;
Click on Browse Network in the sidebar


Can't modify files in a directory even with root

Files inside of /sys and /proc are virtual file systems like procfs where the files aren't real.

  The proc filesystem (procfs) is a special filesystem in Unix-like operating systems that presents information about processes and other system information in a hierarchical file-like structure, providing a more convenient and standardized method for dynamically accessing process data held in the kernel than traditional tracing methods or direct access to kernel memory.

More info see proc on Wikipedia

Also see man procfs


How to copy files to an external HDD from Ubuntu live session?

You can get around this by running your file manager with root priviledges. In your terminal type "sudo nautilus". You should now be able to access the folders and files so you can copy them.


Ubuntu install says no space but I have 90Gb

You don't get this after selecting the option to install ubuntu along side windows in the previous step of the instalation?

If you do then you should just be able to drag the divider and choose the drive space

BTW have you defragmented the disk in windows before intalling Ubuntu? it's highly recommended.