my app was rejected for ubuntu touch store due to 'unconfined'

First, the error message that you quote suggests that the problem is not with the specific read path, but that you're using the 'unconfined' profile.  Instead, you should be using the standard confined profile with the additional read path, so that the permissions are as limited as possible.

Once you do that, you may get a rejection that says,

  found redflagged fields (needs human review): read_path

At this point, you can request a manual review.  I think there will be a link or a button on the "Feedback" page of your app's myapp.developer.ubuntu.com site, but it might be hiding somewhere else.  There is, unfortunately, no timetable for the manual review process.  You may want to go into #ubuntu-touch and bug someone to take a look at it.

Eventually someone will decide whether or not to allow this.  I don't know what criteria are used to judge these reviews.  My guess is that if your app is pure QML it will be accepted, since they can examine your code to check that it doesn't do anything nefarious.  I'm less sure of what will happen with compiled code.

If the official app store doesn't accept your app, you may wish to submit it to the Open App Store, which exists to hold useful apps that can't live under the restrictions of the official store.


Which pre-installed apps ship with the Ubuntu 20.04 desktop installation?

The full list of installed deb-packages is available in the manifest.
The full list of applications with GUI can be obtained on the installed system with command like dpkg -S desktop | grep "\.desktop$" | awk '{print $1}' | sed 's/://' | sort -u:

aisleriot
apport-gtk
apturl-common
at-spi2-core
baobab
cheese
deja-dup
eog
evince
evolution-data-server
file-roller
firefox
gcr
gdm3
gedit
geoclue-2.0
gkbd-capplet
gnome-bluetooth
gnome-calculator
gnome-calendar
gnome-characters
gnome-control-center
gnome-disk-utility
gnome-font-viewer
gnome-initial-setup
gnome-keyring
gnome-logs
gnome-mahjongg
gnome-mines
gnome-power-manager
gnome-screenshot
gnome-session-canberra
gnome-settings-daemon
gnome-shell
gnome-startup-applications
gnome-sudoku
gnome-system-monitor
gnome-terminal
gnome-todo
gnome-todo-common
ibus
ibus-table
im-config
info
language-selector-gnome
libatk-adaptoramd64:
libcanberra-gtk3-moduleamd64:
libreoffice-calc
libreoffice-common
libreoffice-draw
libreoffice-impress
libreoffice-math
libreoffice-writer
mutter
nautilus
network-manager-gnome
orca
printer-driver-foo2zjs-common
pulseaudio
python3.8
remmina
rhythmbox
rygel
seahorse
shotwell
simple-scan
snapd
software-properties-gtk
speech-dispatcher
spice-vdagent
system-config-printer
thunderbird
totem
tracker
tracker-extract
tracker-miner-fs
transmission-gtk
ubuntu-report
ubuntu-session
ubuntu-settings
update-manager
update-notifier
usb-creator-gtk
vim-common
vino
xbrlapi
xdg-desktop-portal-gtk
xdg-user-dirs
xdg-user-dirs-gtk
yelp


Ubuntu14.04 Google-chrome unable to launch

Your .config and .pki folder in home directory might be assigned with root permission.

Type sudo chown -R {username}:{username} ~/.config ~/.pki

Note: Replace {username} with your username that you are logged on in.


Will installing intel microcode affect running ubuntu USB on different computers?

You have to turn "protect-mode" off in the BIOS for new PCs. I suggest you build a DOS7-freedos USB stick to back up your PC's full-ROM firmware. You can get ROM-utility from your MB supplier or use xbios320_ubcd (Ultimate boot CD kit) to restore the BIOS incase your USB-linux installs some ugly microcode on your co-workers PC. Ubuntu16.04+ automatically installs intel/amd64 ucode-updates that trash AMD-A12/K1 BIOS. It's the same thing as a bios-attack from your USB-stick. There's no protection from it because you have to disable 'protect-mode' to boot into linux. However, one saving grace about new laptops they often have a bios cache for making a copy/mirror of the bios settings. Do that first. I found a pretty useful article on Intel bios-scripting using 'developer-mode' that allows you to set the Set Boot Options (GBB Flags) using (GBB_FLAG_FORCE_DEV_BOOT_LEGACY). See more info about using dual-boot scripts like iPXe or chRX for booting into GalliumOS/ChromeOS google 'MrChromebox.tech.' If for some reason your linux-distro locks out users you can always replace the Stock-ROM with a more user friendly version. A good guide to restoring BIOS is found on how2geek.com from there you can get details about Intel-stock-ROMs. Personally, I wouldn't disable 'protect-mode' in a production environment. Using USBs to boot laptops is dangerous cos you will ultimately get a 'root-kit' from someone using a demo-USB that someone picked up at a conference then tried it on their laptop.


How do I redirect my apache web app from an alias of one domain to a sub domain of another?

According to the OP:

  Fixed! All I have to do is load proxy and proxy_http module in apache
  and follow instructions from:
  askubuntu.com/questions/18797/…

– Carlos Fernández San Millán Apr 9 at 19:14

Solved his problem.


Upgrade from 11.10 to 12.04 failed, can't even find the hard drive anymore

Kevin, I had the exact same experience.

What I did to get past that point was:

Reboot and hold down shift to get to the recovery menu.

Then on the recovery menu select:

fsck (hopefully that completes cleanly)
enable networking (to allow downloads )
dpkg (repair all packages)

After this I could boot up. Perhaps this will help.


Whenever a new version of Ubuntu is released do I need to re-download Ubuntu?

For me, when I went from Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to 16.10 LTS (Yakkety Yay) I got a notification in the software updater saying there is a new version of Ubuntu available. There was a button to install & download it.

Also you can go in software and updates -> updates -> Notify me of a new Ubuntu version. From there you can select whether you want to be notified about new Ubuntu versions.

Just a warning that you can't roll back from 16.10 to 16.04 without reinstall all of Ubuntu (aka. like the first time you installed Ubuntu)

Good luck


Do I have to uninstall Lubuntu when installing other Linux distros

You can install any number of OS's and Versions as long as your install them on their own separate partition.

When you install or update Grub, it'll scan all the attached drives for installed Operating systems detected and add them to the boot menu.  Then when you boot you can choose which Operation system for that session.

The different OS's will be independent of the others.

If you purge one Operation system (i.e. delete the files of that partition or delete that partition), the other partitions and the Operating Systems install on them will remain intact.


moved folder (via GUI, not terminal commands); it disappeared; is photorec a reasonable start?

I'd recommend a command like this to check a wider expansion of possible places it might have been moved:

find /home/ -type d -name "folder"

Run the command as root and make sure you place the name of the actual folder rather than the word folder if that is not its name. The above command will check all directories in the /home/ directory for that name. To expand even further you could change it to:

find / -type d -name "folder"

Make sure to still be running the command as root. Also, keep in mind that the above command will take a much longer time since it will be checking all the directories on the system. You may also get some permission denied errors in directories like /proc/, /sys/, or /dev/ and that is normal due to the nature of those directories.

Also, if you decided you wanted to use the above commands to look for one of those files you'll need to change the type from "d" to "f" so that it checks file names instead of directory names.

If it's still not found then it was either moved to a now unmounted partition/disk/usb or was deleted by mistake. If it was deleted by mistake then a tool like photorec could potentially save the data, but if it was moved then possibly not. Either way, if you're going to try a tool like photorec I recommend making a full backup of your system first just in case.

As a side-note: The locate command uses a database that is built once a day by default. If the directory was removed after it was built, that would explain why it says it still exists. Also, if it was in a new location that would explain why it does not find it.


Connect to the internet from Broadband or Wifi:

Install the ethernet drivers:

sudo apt-get install linux-image-3.8.0-42-generic

Then reboot.


How to fix ubuntu calculator & System monitor garbled-character problem?

suggestion : those apps are snaps packages, try to uninstall those snaps and install apps from std repos with apt.

sudo snap remove gnome-characters gnome-logs gnome-calculator gnome-system-monitor
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install gnome-characters gnome-logs gnome-calculator gnome-system-monitor


How can CMake 3.4.1 or greater be installed on Ubuntu?

As 15.10 will be End of Life in a few short weeks, so you should upgrade to 16.04, which includes CMake 3.5.1 already.


I had the same problem on a clean 18.04 install, the library libgconf2-4 could not be found.

Try sudo apt install libgconf2-4, it should solve your problem.


Ubuntu 18.04 and 20.04 on the same computer

1. How to install Ubuntu 20.04 on the same drive with ubuntu 18.04:

Use a separate partition as / (root) ext4 on the same drive:

example sdb4 as / ext4 and sdb5 as /home ext4 for 20.04 and sdb2 as / ext4 and sdb3 as /home ext4.

sdb1 (swap) will be used for both distributions.

UPDATE: I installed also with bootloader and it worked ok. If you install with below ubiquity -b then when the kernel is updated in the installation that was installed without grub (20.04 in this example), the "old" grub is not updated.

Install 20.04 using live cd -> try ubuntu -> in terminal run command ubiquity -b  to install without boot loader (grub).

Reboot into the old distribution 18.04 and run in terminal sudo update-grub.

Reboot after the update finishes.

Choose Advanced for 20.04. Then second option from the top.

2. If you happen to have 2 hard drives on your computer:

Install each ubuntu distribution on a separate drive, with its separate swap, root and home partition.

Note UPDATE: for 2nd option and first with boot loader:

When you update the kernel in one of the distributions, the default grup will be the one that was last updated by the kernel update and the default Ubuntu from the top of the GRUB will be also the one that had its kernel updated last.

Example: Given the above situation your grup will have:

Ubuntu

Advanced...

Ubuntu 20.04

Advanced...

...

...

You update the kernel on 20.04 =>

Ubuntu

Advanced...

Ubuntu 18.04

Advanced...

...

...


Unable to locate Grizzly packages in Ubuntu 13.04 Server

My suggestion would be to use ubuntu cloud archive https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ServerTeam/CloudArchive


No background photo in desktop workspace in ubuntu 14.04

Carl go to system settings, engage appearance, under the behaviour tab deselect  "enable workspaces"  then reboot. Go back to appearance and merely select one background pic or  logo. Go to behavior and select "enable workspaces" you should be good to go.


Unable to load ejabberd home page ubuntu 16.04

Be sure to go to https://localhost:5280/admin

jabbed uses https by default and there is no redirect setup to redirect the http connection to https


How to dual boot my laptop with windows 7 having preloaded ubuntu 12.04?

See this page for how to install windows after Ubuntu.Please backup your important datas before you proceed.


I want to return my computer to factory settings from Windows. ¿How do I uninstall Ubuntu to avoid any conflict?

Did you install Ubuntu using Wubi.exe ? or did you use a bootable medium ?
-- If it is by using wubi.exe; you can definitely uninstall Ubuntu and start over. If you installed it in another partition using bootable medium, you might want to
(i) format that partition and reinstall it using a bootable medium (OR)
(ii)In case you do not want to format the partition --> Insert the bootable medium containing the version of Ubuntu that you want to install and boot from it, and select "Reinstall Ubuntu XX.XX" after selecting "Install Ubuntu"(instead of "Try Ubuntu").


g++4.9 -fvtable-verify link error: cannot find vtv_start.o

Recompiling gcc from source with --enable-vtable-verify solved the problem.


https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshootingProcedure

I just did Step 1 and then reboot my laptop and the sound works.

If you are using Ubuntu 12.04 or later, then execute this command and reboot:

  Carefully read and understand what these commands do. For instance, the  sudo apt-get install
  command includes the entire Ubuntu desktop. This will likely create
  problems for users of the other flavors of Ubuntu -- a Kubuntu user
  would not want the Unity interface installed. While the outcome of
  running the suggested command string below may indeed fix certain
  sound problems, be aware that it is a very blunt approach and could
  result in unintended consequences.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-audio-dev/ppa;              \
sudo apt-get update;                                           \
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade;                                     \
sudo apt-get install linux-sound-base alsa-base alsa-utils gdm \
     ubuntu-desktop  linux-image-`uname -r` libasound2;        \
sudo apt-get -y --reinstall install linux-sound-base alsa-base \
     alsa-utils gdm ubuntu-desktop  linux-image-`uname -r`     \
     libasound2;                                               \
killall pulseaudio;                                            \
rm -r ~/.pulse*;                                               \
sudo                                                           \
    usermod -aG $(                                             \
          cat /etc/group |                                     \
          grep -e '^pulse:' -e '^audio:' -e '^pulse-access:'   \
          -e '^pulse-rt:' -e '^video:' |                       \
          awk -F: '{print $1}' |                               \
          tr '\n' ',' |                                        \
          sed 's:,$::g'                                        \
    ) $(whoami)

Paste the whole code block into your terminal with CTRL-SHIFT-V, then press enter.


How Can I Upgrade Ubuntu 10:04 to Xubuntu 12.04.1

If this is a command line system you can sudo do-release-upgrade and then just sudo tasksel and select xubuntu-desktop or sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

If this is a full ubuntu-desktop machine, I would sudo apt-get remove ubuntu-desktop && sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop && sudo apt-get autoremove, and then do the upgrade.


Converting one partition from MBR to GPT to install windows without losing linux

The whole disk uses either the GUID Partition Table (GPT) or the Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioning system; you can't convert just one partition from GPT to MBR or vice-versa. That said, there is something called a hybrid MBR, in which an MBR is laid atop a GPT; but this is an ugly and dangerous hack that would be useless for your specific situation anyhow, so don't even think about it. (I only mention it so you won't try to use it if you read about it elsewhere.)

It's not clear from your post what you understand of BIOS-mode vs. EFI-mode booting. BIOS-mode is the old style of booting that's been used since the 1980s. EFI-mode booting is relatively new; it's only become common since about 2011, or a bit earlier on Macs. To boot in EFI mode, your firmware must be an EFI (or its newer variant, UEFI). Most EFIs also support BIOS-mode booting via a Compatibility Support Module (CSM), aka legacy-mode booting.

Windows ties its boot mode to the partition table type; you can only install or boot Windows in BIOS mode on an MBR disk; and in EFI mode on a GPT disk. Linux is much more flexible about this, although most distributions enforce an EFI/GPT marriage in their installers. The mode of any given boot depends on a complex interaction of factors, including firmware settings, disk layout, and user choices. On most UEFI-based PCs, EFI-mode booting is the default; BIOS-mode booting is possible only if it's enabled in the firmware setup utility. Enabling this feature greatly complicates the boot process. Given your symptoms, it's virtually certain that this feature is active on your computer.

In any event, the error message you're seeing indicates that you've booted the Windows installer in EFI mode, but your disk uses MBR. With an EFI/MBR setup, the Windows installer will refuse to proceed. If you've got a PC (not a Mac), you have two main choices:

Getting the Windows installer to boot in BIOS mode makes sense. You may be able to do this by using your computer's boot manager to force a BIOS-mode boot. The boot manager is usually accessed by hitting Esc, Enter, or a function key as you power on the system. When you enter the boot manager, with any luck you'll see two entries for booting the Windows installer, one of which includes the string "UEFI" and the other of which doesn't. Select the entry without the "UEFI" string. This procedure isn't 100% reliable, but it usually works.
You can convert the disk to GPT using gdisk, as oldfred suggested in his comment; however, you'll need to re-install your Ubuntu boot loader. If you install Windows in EFI mode (which would be the point of this conversion), you'll do well to install an EFI boot loader for Linux, too. (Booting Windows in EFI mode and Ubuntu in BIOS mode is possible but is highly inadvisable.) Several are available, as described on my Web page on this subject. Probably installing the EFI version of GRUB via Boot Repair or my rEFInd will be easiest to manage.

It's hard to say which approach is better. If Windows was pre-installed, it probably booted in EFI mode and used GPT to begin with, which means you've changed things considerably since you got the computer. The extent and reason for these changes is unclear, which makes it hard to give concrete advice. If you installed Windows yourself, there's no telling how it was initially set up. Without your complete partition table information, it's impossible to say if you might run into partitioning issues with either approach.

One further possible complication is that Windows sees a hybrid MBR as an MBR, but Linux sees such a disk as using GPT. Macs often use hybrid MBR setups to enable OS X and Windows to coexist. If this is what you've got, then neither of my preceding suggestions is 100% in order; removing the hybrid MBR in favor of a regular GPT is likely to be best. Post the output of sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda if you've got a Mac and you want to know if this might be what's going on.

Oh, and using DiskPart in Windows to convert from GPT to MBR will trash your Ubuntu installation. In fact, I trust the Windows partitioning tools about as far as I can throw my house, so I wouldn't use them except as a last resort, and perhaps to shrink existing Windows partitions.


Error at startup "No module named 'six'"

'six' is a python package that allow to run Python2 code with Python3 runtime (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/six). The error message seems to indicate that your system is missing the package.

It would be nice to have the opinion of someone with more expertise, but I would do sudo apt install python3-six and see if the error disappear.


The keyring library uses the standard keyring of your desktop environment, e.g. the GNOME keyring. This keyring is unlocked as soon as you log in, meaning: yes, any other application run by you has access to the password you store with your application, but -- and this is the idea of a keyring -- other users and their applications have not.

Quoting “gnome-keyring Security Philosophy”:

  An example of security theater is giving the illusion that somehow one
  application running in a security context (such as your user session)
  can keep information from another application running in the same
  security context.

Note that the username in the set_password/get_password functions is not related to the name of the user running the application (i.e. the user whose keyring is used) but may be for example an email address, a database username, etc.


Uncheking "Make available to other users" in the settings of the network you are connected has worked for me.


Pasted file has more MB than the copied?

Windows assumes that there are 1024 Bytes in a Kilobyte unit, and 1024 Kilobytes in a Megabyte unit. While Ubuntu assumes, a 1000 bytes constitute a Kilobyte (KB) unit, 1000 Kilobytes for a Megabyte (MB) and so on.

Windows is using the ‘binary prefix’, and Ubuntu or GNU/Linux, is using it in its ‘proper’ foam.

further read here.


Type password into login screen, hit enter - nothing happens

I have had the same issue a couple of times, appeared to be something corrupted in my user profile. Removing the following files and directory located in your home directory always gives me back my login:

.cache/
.Xauthority
.ICEauthority

You can do so by switch to a text-based virtual console (Ctrl+Alt+F1), logging in, and running:

rm -rf .cache
rm .Xauthority
rm .ICEauthority

No go back with Alt+F7, log in and (hopefully) be happy again.


Can't launch unity bar with wacom tablet

I experienced this problem. The solution was to just hold the Super key (or "windows") for a moment to make the launcher appear.

I think that any tablet can't do this, because the mouse can 'force' their position, while the pen have their limited area to move in the tablet. Though in my Bamboo Fun Pen & Touch, with the touch I can do this.


How to remove keyboard icon from keyboard layout indicator (to leave just the language abbr. alone)?

In addition to monotasker's solution, here's exact steps how to easily get flags instead of keyboard icon + abbreviation:

in gconf-editor, check /desktop/gnome/peripherals/keyboard/indicator/showFlags
install set of flags using sudo apt-get install famfamfam-flag-png
make a softlink: ln -s /usr/share/flags/countries/16x11 ~/.icons/flags

In the next login, you should see flags in indicator applet.


Need instructions for installing ubuntu touch

There are a couple of obvious issues:

(1.) The 'Manual Installation' instructions appear to be incomplete (for a full install).

The two files are used to 'update' an existing install. A 'full install' has 3-4 more steps.

Try using the provided tool, as described on the Wiki.

phablet-flash -b (full install, current) or

phablet-flash -b --pending (full install, untested daily)

From there, you can probably create the extra manual steps.

To download all files first (without a device attached) use:

phablet-flash -d grouper -b -D (current)

phablet-flash -d grouper -b -D --pending (untested daily)

(2.) The Google (ASUS) Nexus 7 ('grouper') is the 2012 model.

If you have (manually) upgraded your Nexus 7 to Android 4.3, or have a brand new Nexus 7 2 (2013 model) with Android 4.3, this may cause major issues.

Either wait a few weeks, or start again with a Nexus 7 (2012) still running Android 4.2.2 (or earlier).


bluetooth problem : Bluetooth and Nokia Symbian

May be this is because the Ubuntu don't have the configurations for symbian phones. I've tried connecting my Blackberry 9360 with my laptop. Its got connected but it can't also send files to my ubuntu. Because this don't have the configuration settings for Blackberry. Then I tried connecting my android with the my laptop. I connected the android and then went to bluetooth settings by right clicking on the bluetooth indicator on the top and then choosing Bluetooth settings... at the end. There you click on your proper device and then check the option Receive Files and then you are good to go.
But I don't think if you can send files using your symbian phone. Because you need to install right drivers or configuration settings.


Firefox keeps going unresponsive and crashing

Try to completely re-install Firefox.

Sudo apt-get remove firefox

Sudo apt-get install firefox


Attack Vectors

The Ubuntu installer brings (equally to pretty much all other Linux distributions) a set of OpenPGP keys trusted by the package manager.

Given you download/get hold of a tampered ISO image, different things might happen based on what was changed.

If the OpenPGP keys have been changed, you might either not be able to install updates any more (if the original ones have been dropped), and/or software from actually untrusted sources is trusted (when keys are added).
If apt's sources.list file was modified, one could also redirect to a location providing malicious updates (and signed with "trusted" keys, if these have been added, altough not Ubuntu's ones).
An attacker could have changed pretty much everything, including the actual verification of OpenPGP signatures or include arbitrary malware and backdoors. If the checksums are different, you don't know anything any more about the ISO image, and you couldn't reasonably verify what's wrong (but against another, untampered image).

To be sure about receiving a valid ISO image actually issued by Canonical, check against the SHA256 checksums provided on the download page, and if you have a trust path to Canonical's signing key, also verify the OpenPGP signature of that file.

When ISO Image Checksums are Valid

If you make sure you have a trusted ISO image from the start, then everything's fine. If you're scared of man-in-the-middle-attacks while downloading from Canonical (like a three letter agency shipping a tampered file to you, and also modifying the checksum file), fetch the checksum file using different internet lines, to be very sure possibly even from public computers (they can't and/or wouldn't tamper it for everybody, as this likely would've been noticed by somebody).

SHA256 is believed to be secure, if the checksum is right, everything's fine and nobody can either hide updates nor send you any malicious ones, as the whole package management chain is secured. The only thing they could do is a kind of denial of service attack, but you would realize that (as an error message would be printed).


What is best way to install ubuntu alongside windows 7 ?

I would suggest using the VirtualBox software or VMWare Desktop to create a virtual instance of Ubuntu.

You can install it directly from the downloaded ISO file.


What can I do to speed up my internet connection?

These steps will enable the Google Domain server, The resoning is that everyone uses the default domain name server that you ISP provides, and may take longer to look up names for web addresses, espasally during high traffic times. This will not however make your connection "faster", you might or might not notice faster finding of a webpage.

Alt+F2 and run gksu gedit /etc/resolv.conf
Copy and paste the following lines:

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

Restart your computer and that's all.

References:

http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/google_launches_google_public_dns_opendns_competitor.php


Unable to enter passphrase for LVM drive during boot

This is an issue with Gnome, and can be easily fixed from recovery, as long as you are fine with Gnome being removed. Unity will still be there. Just boot into recovery, enable networking, and then drop to root shell. After you drop to shell do

sudo apt-get purge gnome
 sudo apt-get update-grub && sudo apt-get upgrade
 sudo shutdown now -r


How do I restore Dolphin instead of Gwenview as default file manager

Well, the regular method to change your default applications is to go into

System Settings > Default Applications

and click on File Manager. You should see Dolphin as an option.

Click Apply when done.

I don't know whether this is the method you used, but let us know how you get on. I also see Gwenview as an option to be a file manager, which seems a little odd.


How to Remove Authenticated Proxy from Ubuntu 12.04

Check if this GUI method works...

Open Dash by hitting the Super key (aka      key in Windows keyboard)

Type system settings and click the icon for system settings in the Dash menu

In the System Settings window click on Network

Now in the Network window select Network Proxy and set Method to None, click Apply system wide and supply the password to apply the changes to the system.


Is it possible to have a full Ubuntu install on a flash drive?

Yes you can install Ubuntu on a USB, but it won't transfer nicely to other systems. I'm running a Lubuntu install from a usb stick right now. Just boot up a installation disc and choose install, then when it comes time to choose the install type pick "something else" and specify that your install be done to the usb stick (eg "/" on "sdb1" use as "ext4"), make sure to specify the bootloader to it as well (eg "sdb"). Ubuntu doesn't care if it's a flash drive, ssd, or hard drive.

To find out the correct device name for you USB drive, you can open a terminal and run

lsblk

That will list all attached drives, one of which (usually /dev/sdaX) is your internal hard drive and one (usually /dev/sdb1) will be the pendrive.

Official Ubuntu Installation Instructions (These are for 13.10, but it's the same):

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/install-desktop-latest


Why can't I delete a file even though I have write permissions?

To delete a file you don't need write permission for the file but write and execute permissions for the folder the file is in.


Powertop needs a TTY attached even when in auto-tune mode.  You can use screen to fake it for the purposes of startup scripts like this:

screen -d -m powertop --auto-tune


Try the following in a terminal to update your bootloader:

sudo update-grub

You'll see something like this:

Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-14-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-14-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1
Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda2
Found Windows Recovery Environment (loader) on /dev/sda3

Look for /dev/sda8 in there, if its not there then you have another problem.

If /dev/sda8 shows up, reboot your computer and look at the bootloader (purple screen) before Ubuntu starts to boot. At that point, just look around - I suspect that you'll find 11.10 down at the bottom of that menu.


How do I save php file in var/www/html when it shows error "Permission denied"?

You need to change the permissions for /var/www/html folder.

running this command will give everyone write access to the html fodder.

sudo chmod  o+w /var/www/html

The o stands for other and the + adds the permissions w is write.

Then you should be able to copy you're php file over to /var/www/html with out using Root permissions

If you want to learn more about the command chmod click on the link below.

FilePermissions


Unable to access files on Ubuntu which is of Windows directory

You should login to windows and restart. Then login to your Ubuntu to access that partition of yours. To make it short, always you should restart your windows and then login to Ubuntu.

It's one of Windows features to improve boot up time and only works when Windows is shut down.


Just run this to start backend:

sudo systemctl start ecbd.service


HELP Failed installation of ubuntu possibly deleted windows

You should be able to reinstall Windows and try again.
If you have another Windows machine the easiest would be via Media Creation Tool. You'll need at least an 8GB USB drive for it to work.
If you only have a Linux machine available you can download an ISO disk image from the same link and use UNetbootin tool to make a bootable usb.


You need to mark your exec as finished with \;
Your command would look like:

cd /opt/lampp/htdocs/EspoCRM-2.5.2 && find data -type d -exec chmod 775 {} \;

BTW: You don't need to cd into a dir. find can take a complete path where to search. So

find /opt/lampp/htdocs/EspoCRM-2.5.2/data/ -type d -exec chmod 775 {} \;

should also work as find call.


Just download the .deb files.  You can get them Here.  Once downloaded, you can save them to your pendrive.

You might also want to download winetricks.

You can also use synaptic, to generate a package download script.  If synaptic is not installed, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get install synaptic

Once installed, run it, enter your password, and follow the screens below:

Search for Wine

Right click on the latest wine version, and click on Mark for Installation

This will mark wine, and all necessary dependencies, and get everything ready for installation.

Click on File, and choose Generate Package Download Script, and then save it to a location of your choice.

Navigate to where you've saved the file, and double click it, and then click on Run in Terminal.  This will start downloading all the files to the same folder.  Once all the files have been downloaded, go to terminal, and run the command:

Sudo dpkg -i *.deb


Occasional excessive IOWait freezes computer - how to diagnose?

You could install the package iotop

sudo apt-get install iotop

and run the program to see what has high io demands at those moments.


Wubi install cannot see/connect to any wifi?

Try blacklisting the acer-wmi kernel module:

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

add blacklist acer_wmi as a new line at the bottom of this file.

then reboot.

edit:

The acer-wmi kernel module enables you to control the following:

the wireless LAN card radio
inbuilt Bluetooth adapter
inbuilt 3G card
mail LED of your laptop
brightness of the LCD panel

With regards to wireless, all acer-wmi does is enable the radio on the card. It
is not responsible for the wireless LED - once the radio is enabled, this is
down to the wireless driver for your card.

However for some acer laptop models - there is a conflict between the Acer firmware and the kernel implementation.  This is why you need to blacklist.

source


How to disable BIOS update feature in Ubuntu 17.10/18.04?

The software responsible for this type of update is fwupd.

  fwupd is a simple daemon to allow session software to update device firmware on your local machine. It's designed for desktops, but this project is also usable on phones, tablets and on headless servers. You can either use a GUI software manager like GNOME Software to view and apply updates, the command-line tool or the system D-Bus interface directly.

To get rid of the updates you can uninstall fwupd easily:

sudo apt-get remove fwupd

(Source)


How can I adjust the screen brightness in i3wm on Ubuntu 16.04?

Following the instructions that I found on https://itsfoss.com/fix-brightness-ubuntu-1310/ combined with what I already knew, that I had an Intel card, I did

sudo touch /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf
sudoedit /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

In that file I put the following:

Section "Device"
        Identifier  "card0"
        Driver      "intel"
        Option      "Backlight"  "intel_backlight"
        BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection

And now I can use xbacklight, as mreq mentions:

I added the following to my ~/.config/i3/config

bindsym XF86MonBrightnessUp exec xbacklight -inc 10
bindsym XF86MonBrightnessDown exec xbacklight -dec 10

The best part here is that I can actually turn my backlight all the way off, so if I wanted to use my computer as a dream journal like Adam Savage does, I totally could.


The solution to this issue was to uninstall and reinstall gdm3
I ran sudo apt purge gdm3, rebooted into recovery mode, ran apt install gdm3 from the root terminal then rebooted again. The issue was solved.
Big thanks to @guiverc for pointing out that the issue was with gdm3 not grub


Characteristics of Unity and Gnome3 for the End User

I think that Gnome Shell is a little more comfortable to navigate with the mouse only. It does have keyboard shortcuts too, and they work well, but I think Unity is a little better in that regard. Both are quite nice.
With Unity 2D being a real alternative and not just a fallback mode, it means that you can have a more consistent UI across different kinds of computers. It's also usable with a terminal server like NX, which Gnome shell is not.
The graphics in Gnome Shell seems to be a little more mature than Unity. It's somewhat snappier, although Unity has come a long way during the past months and it quite nice too.
The big one for me, is Zeitgeist. Unity has integrated it in a beautiful way. Your system seems to learn from your actions and become faster with time. It's designed in a way that seems to welcome many different lenses and scopes, and I think it'll be very useful. I'm sure Gnome Shell will get this too, but Unity is a few laps ahead in this respect.


apt-get works via proxy, but nothing else does

Test this:

Open a terminal. Ctrl + Alt + T

Run it:

$ sudo -i
# nano /etc/bash.bashrc

Put the following lines in the file:

export http_proxy=http://my_proxy_server:3128/
export https_proxy=https://my_proxy_server:3128/
export ftp_proxy=http://my_proxy_server:3128/
export socks_proxy=socks://my_proxy_server:3128/

Ctrl + O, save file. Ctrl + X, close nano.

$ sudo -i
# nano /etc/environment

Put the following lines in the file

http_proxy=http://my_proxy_server:3128/
https_proxy=https://my_proxy_server:3128/
ftp_proxy=http://my_proxy_server:3128/
socks_proxy=socks://my_proxy_server:3128/

Ctrl + O, save file. Ctrl + X, close nano.


command to remove specific string from multiple files

You can achieve this rather easily with sed which can happily look into multiple files

sed '/D PRINT/d' dash7/*

/D PRINT/ find a line with D PRINT
d delete the line
dash7/* look in all the files in the directory dash7 (add the path to it, for example ~/dash7 if required)

To actually change the files rather than print the edited text in the terminal, you need to add the -i flag to modify in place

sed -i '/D PRINT/d' dash7/*


Ubuntu will show it's own partition only. You can still access your other partition (Windows, I am assuming) by opening file manager (search in dash for files or nautilus) and clicking on the disk icon on the left side, which carries the name or id of your hard drive

In the screenshot bellow (the red square is totally unrelated to the answer, by the way) you see this user have 4 other partitions in addition to "File system", which is actually Ubuntu partition

In addition, you can list all the partitions on your drive with these commands: lsblk, sudo parted --list, and sudo fdisks -l. The first one will show partitions as block devices with specific numeric id. Typically your whole drive is called /dev/sda and partitions are numbered /dev/sda1,/dev/sda2,/dev/sda3 . . ./dev/sdaX, you can recognize partitions by size. As for parted --list it's a little more detailed, and it will actually tell  you if a partition belongs to windows type of file system or not(it will say NTFS).


I need to get past my permissions to recover data

MP3 and OGG are already well compressed, so I would just use the STORE level (no compression at all). WAV - go for maximum.

And, in making archives, all you need to do to archive is to read it the original meda file, no other permissiones needed IIRC, but

To change all the directories to 777 (-rwxrwxrwx):

find /home/yourname/music -type d -exec chmod 777 {} \;

To change all the files to 666 (-rw-rw-rw-):

find /home/yourname/music -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;


How can I resize the System Settings window?

You can force the resize ability by editing the file /usr/share/gnome-control-center/ui/shell.ui and changing:

 <property name="resizable">False</property>

to

 <property name="resizable">True</property>


If you're serving on plain HTTP, you don't need to entirely worry about a break-in. Anyone can already perform a simple Man in the Middle attack to gain access to a user's account, or can grab the data as it is transmitted.

If you're going to do all encryption and decryption on the server side, rather than on the client, then the data is still being transmitted in the clear between the client and server.

If you want a secure server, then you need to get a valid HTTPS certificate for the site, serve only on HTTPS (automatically redirect any HTTP connection to the HTTPS URL instead), and do all encryption and decryption of data, on the client side, and must be done with a separate key for each user (otherwise, using the same key for all users means any user who is compromised will result in all files for all users having been compromised).


You could achieve this in several ways:

Write a CGI script which gets run when you visit a certain web page. The CGI script would then start the shell command. Read up on CGI in the Apache httpd documentation.
Put a PHP page on your server, and in that page put a system() call executing the program you wish to execute. Any PHP tutorial will show you how to do this.

However, if you intend put this page on the public internet, you can be quite sure this will be abused.  For one, make sure the program can only start once or your server will be on its knees on day 1.


Export to a document the track information of a music CD

Although I have not yet cracked the safe at ~/.config/banshee-1/, if all you need is plain text, then try abcde.

sudo apt-get install abcde

Drop the CD into the tray and, from the terminal:

abcde

If abcde is able to find the disk information remotely, you will see something like this:

Grabbing entire CD - tracks: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Retrieved 1 Musicbrainz match...done.
---- Alison Krauss / Now That I've Found You: A Collection ----
1: Baby, Now That I've Found You
2: Oh, Atlanta
3: Broadway
4: Every Time You Say Goodbye
5: Tonight I'll Be Lonely Too
6: Teardrops Will Kiss the Morning Dew
7: Sleep On
8: When God Dips His Pen of Love in My Heart
9: I Will
10: I Don't Believe You've Met My Baby
11: In the Palm of Your Hand
12: When You Say Nothing at All

Edit selected CDDB data [y/N]?

As you can see, I am able to copy and paste from the terminal.

Before abcde actually rips the disk to your harddrive, abort with Ctrl+c.


How can I tell if I need a Snap package?

You can use this command

snap connections

It will show you snaps connected to different interfaces. If a gnome-snap (called extension) is not connected, I think you can delete it.


Grub2 Unable to be installed on SSD-usb partition for Ubuntu 18.04

Solution:

oldfred has helped greatly by helping me realize that /dev/sdc1 was also mounted with boot,esp flags set. I unset these flags, followed the below guides, and Lubuntu booted from HDD somehow. It is good enough, but completely ignored my SDD 100gb partition (oops...).

When rebooting to grub2 rescue CLI, this helped very much: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/329926/grub-starts-in-command-line-after-reboot/330852

This guide also helped a lot to install grub2 on the Lubuntu partition, but make sure to look at all of the answers/edits: https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2276498

--> Also they have odd ways of unzipping files to a directory, just do this instead: unzip usb-pack_efi.zip -d /mnt/

I didn't edit any grub.cfg files, so grub2 boot-menu showed my Lubuntu as Ubuntu partition. Still works.

How to burn ISO file to USB: https://www.howtogeek.com/414574/how-to-burn-an-iso-file-to-a-usb-drive-in-linux/

Secure boot mode was disabled.


13.04 on Macbook Air 2011 - Ran update and now boots into osx recovery

Sounds like something went bad related to grub.

Boot to your Ubuntu installation and install and run boot-repair. Without knowing more details about how your system is installed (UEFI vs. Legacy, separate /boot partition etc.), its hard to give further advise. But check the help found at that page as well.


what is the easy/minimal way to remotely(over the Internet) connect a Ubuntu 20.04 system from another Ubuntu 20.04 system?

ssh
I think it is easy to use ssh. Install openssh-server in [at least] one of the computers, and log in with ssh from the other computer or transfer files with sftp or simply via the file browser.
Several users have found the following link useful in order to run graphical programs via ssh -X,
What is the simplest way to have remote GUI access to Ubuntu 16.04 “server” from Ubuntu 16.04 “desktop”?


I have a lot of aliases defined in my ~/.bash_aliases file and when I type first letter (or two, three...) followed by TabTab, all the aliases starting with that letter are including in the suggestions.

Also, this works:

radu@Radu: ~ $ alias blabla='cd'
radu@Radu: ~ $ blaTabTab some_dir
radu@Radu: ~/some_dir $

So, you don't have nothing to do, just try it!


Increase icons size in GNOME Shell 3.4 Dash

I just solved the opposite problem of decreasing icons size in gnome shell on an ubuntu GNOME 14.04 fresh install through the /usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/dash.js file.

In addition to the modifications in the gnome-shell.cs file mentioned on your link and a few other ones, I changed the value on line 14 in the dash.js file.

See https://askubuntu.com/a/450749/271033.


Is installing a different distro over ubuntu on a dualboot system possible? Or deleting partition necessarily?

This is not really an Ubuntu question, but an Elementary OS question, but Elementary comes with its own version of grub, so I would:

Take a full system backup using CloneZilla
Take another backup with your current backup
Boot Elementary OS, delete the Ubuntu system partition
Recreate a new partition with the same settings as the Ubuntu partition
be sorry to let go Ubuntu.  ;-)


Hide Specific Running Applications from Dock (Side Bar) on Ubuntu 18.04

It is not a definitive solution but it works. I used the dconf-editor program to hide running applications, as shown in the image. Those that are running but I do not want to hide, as is the case of Google Chrome that appears in the image, I fixed it on the dock.


as far as the message you are getting it really isnt anything to do with your driver issue. it is just checking your disk for problems. whenever you boot this happens normally even on a fresh install. under normal conditions it will not find anything and you will just go ahead with booting.

what i suggest though for your driver problem, if it is that:
on boot select the "advanced options" and go into recovery mode.

here you can do things to work in your system. since this likely has to do with your installing the proprietary drivers what you want to do is go and select the root shell option so you can work in the command line.

then you can go back to your proprietary driver and select it, but add the --uninstall option to the end. this will uninstall it.

afterwards what you do is up to you. you can go back to the nouveau driver which if you blacklisted it and removed everything like you were suppose to then you need to undo the blacklisting and reinstall it. alternatively you can try to reinstall the proprietary driver. you will need to reboot though either way to see if things are working.

if things are still broken try going back to shell and using the "dpkg" option to try and fix any broken packages.


Ubuntu cant install Audacity. gtk-2-themes": snap not found

I cannot reproduce this behaviour, the snap audacity installs just fine in my system.

But if you are not able to install Audacity as a snap, you can go with the deb-package which can be installed with

sudo apt install audacity

Please note that the version of the snap (2.3.3) is slightly newer than the version of the deb-package (2.1.2).


You also need to install the -dev packages if you do software development (what you already did, if you ran the command from your link).

libpng12-0:
This package contains the runtime library files needed to run software using libpng.

libpng12-dev
This package contains the header and development files needed to build programs and packages using libpng.

Furthermore, in Code::Blocks right-click on the projectname in the projects-tree, and select "Build options...". In the upcoming window select the top of the tree on the left side (you project name). In the mainpart of the window select "Linker settings". In the left listbox add an entry with the name

libpng

Now your project should compile fine.


I experienced a similar issue 2 days ago after an upgrade. I discovered that the issue comes from from 2 dpkg-bak files which were linking to the same file as their replacements. It seems it was disturbing for dbus.
The 2 files that I removed to fix the problem were:

/etc/dbus-1/session.conf.dpkg-bak
/etc/dbus-1/system.conf.dpkg-bak

PS: reinstallation of dbus had no effect, I had to solve it manually.


Need a professional in ubuntu to help me in how to run silkroad like those ppl?

You will need to reinstall it. This is because most software depends on other programs and utilities for it to run; in this case NetEngine. When you install software, the installation utility usually ensures that all dependencies are met so the software will run. Clearly you've copied the Silkroad program & its files, but haven't copied the NetEngine software.

Installing it again will ensure it runs.


Touchpad multi-tap buttons not configured correctly on 12.04 LTS

Re-installing following two packages could solve your issue:

xserver-xorg-input-multitouch
xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

Follow these steps to remove completely and install it again.

Open terminal and execute following command:

sudo apt-get --purge remove xserver-xorg-input-multitouch

be sure you don't remove any other package than xserver-xorg-input-multitouch

sudo apt-get --purge remove xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

again follow the same precaution.
Once removed execute these commands to install it again:

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-multitouch
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

again be sure you don't remove any other packages while installing it.
Once installed execute following commands to reconfigure it:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure $(dpkg -l | awk '{print $2}' | grep "^xserver" | tr '\n' ' ')
sudo update-initramfs -u

Then restart your system. Reply if you need further assistance..

Edit

If above method doesn't help then you can give a try to gpointing-device-settings .

You can install it by command:

sudo apt-get install gsynaptics

When installed open it by searching gsynaptics or pointing devices in dash. You can also open it by browsing the path /usr/share/applications through any file manager. Hope its configuration helps you.


How do I make a fingerprint password? Lenovo Thinkpad X300

From Login using fingerprint reader by @Ringtail

  This is available in the repositories as well a sourcefourge

  libpam-thinkfinger

  ThinkFinger is a driver for the UPEK/STMicroelectronics fingerprint
  reader. The device is usually found either as a standalone USB device,
  built into USB keyboards or built into laptops (usually from Dell,
  IBM/Lenovo and Toshiba).

  pam_thinkfinger is a Pluggable Authentication Module that allows the
  user authenticates through his fingerprint.

  The recommended package thinkfinger-tools can be used to acquire,
  verify and automatically store user fingerprints.

  Homepage: http://thinkfinger.sourceforge.net

  PAM wiki


How can I get fail2ban to stop banning my Filezilla SFTP?

I don't have a solution for your particular problem but to answer one of your questions: yes, you can permanently whitelist an IP address. Open your /etc/fail2ban/jail.local (if you don't have it, I suggest you create it by copying /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf - it's better than modifying jail.conf directly; restart fail2ban afterwards) and search for ignoreip. This option takes space separated list of IP addresses:

# "ignoreip" can be an IP address, a CIDR mask or a DNS host. Fail2ban will not
# ban a host which matches an address in this list. Several addresses can be
# defined using space separator.
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8


How to add "open with custom command" option in right click menu of Nautilus

Here is a small Nautilus script which gives you a "Use a custom command" dialogue box on Nautilus.
The Script
Save the following script as Open with custom command in the following directory

~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/ (Ubuntu 13.04 or above)
~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/ (Ubuntu 12.10 and below)

#!/bin/bash
var=$(zenity --entry \
--title="Add Application" \
--text="Use a custom command" \
--width="320")
if [ $? -eq 0 ] && [ "$var" ]; then
    $var "$1"
else
    exit 0
fi

Give the script execution permission. It is important, otherwise no change will take place. You can use in terminal,

chmod +x ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/Open\ with\ custom\ command
Or you can do it from GUI. Right click on the script, then go to Properties >> Permissions and check the box corresponds to Execute to give the script execution permission.
How it looks like
After that when you right click on a file you could see an option Scripts followed by another option under script Open with custom command.

When you select the option Open with custom command, you will get a dialogue box like,

You can write a command in the box to open the file.
Usage
You can open any file by entering corresponding application's command only in the dialogue box.
For example you can open a .txt file using gedit or a .pdf file writing evince in the dialogue box.

Some Other Usage
Open file as root:
If you want to open a file as root, just use gksudo before your command. To open a .txt file as root you can use in the dialogue box,
gksudo gedit

Opening an unknown file:
If you are not sure which application to use to open an unknown file, you can use in the dialogue box,
xdg-open

Opening a file with a Terminal Application:
If you want to open a text file using vi, you can use in the dialogue box,
gnome-terminal -x vi

Note:
To use gksudo you need to have gksu installed. In Ubuntu 13.04 onwards it is not install by default. You can install it using,
sudo apt-get install gksu


How to run Skyrim in wine using primusrun?

While this is still an issue for me, I've found a workaround.

By adding primusrun to the shortcut, it reliably launches in fully functional form the first time after rebooting my machine. Any subsequent launches are likely to blackscreen, but the first one almost always works.

Another workaround is to install SKSE (Skyrim Script Extender), create a PlayOnLinux shortcut for SKSE.exe, and add primusrun to the shortcut properties as well. This runs reliably about 80% of the time, with no need for rebooting between launches. Useful for when your game crashes randomly.

Please note, however, that when you close Skyrim, the process does not end properly, so you have to open System Monitor and kill it, or else use the kill command in terminal. Other than that, though, it works pretty well!


I need to move 1000 files in to 1000 different folders

I am happy to tell you that this is a relatively simple thing to accomplish:

for f in *.* ; do (mkdir -p new/$f && cp $f new/$f/ ) ; done

This will place a folder with the same name as the file in the "new" folder location and copy the file in question there. If they are large files and this would take some time, I suggest you include an "echo" statement in the one-liner to show where you are at.


USSD fails due to Missing interface org.freedesktop.ModemManager1.Modem.Modem3gpp.Ussd in 14.04

Modem Manger / GUI is not expected to work for all 3G dongles out there. You might want to use the software developed by the manufacturer of your dongle to use the USSD feature.

For Huawei dongles:

Huawei Mobile Partner

There is a higher chance that you can find the Huawei Mobile Partner available inside your dongle.

If you don't have the it with you, heres how to download and install it:

Installing Huawei Mobile Partner 22

If you don't have Internet to the host machine, first click here & download the Huawei Mobile Partner 22 to your Home directory. Then execute the below command in Terminal:

 tar -xvzf megafone.tar.gz
 cd mp22-linux-64
 chmod +x install
 sudo ./install

If you already have Internet to your machine copy the below command into the Terminal at once and execute it:

wget -O mp22-linux-64.tar.gz https://db.tt/XtrP9KPw
tar -xvzf mp22-linux-64.tar.gz
cd mp22-linux-64
chmod +x install
sudo ./install

If your dongle is not detected by 22nd version of mobile partner, you may try installing 21 or 23.

If you have a Prolink or ZTE dongle see ZTE mobile connect section from here.


According to this answer in  How to stop automatic brightness change while on battery?, there are two settings available through dconf-editor (accessible by installing dconf-tools):

idle-dim-ac
idle-dim-battery

Separately setting these values should allow the idle to only occur when on battery, rather than on AC.

Note: From comments on the answer, these options were not available in 14.04 at the time, but this may have been fixed.

Alternatively (from Terminal command for checking/unchecking “Dim screen to save power”?), you could write a script to enable/disable the option automatically if your computer changes from battery to AC or vice-versa (script copied ad verbatim from original answer):

#!/bin/bash
while true
do
    if on_ac_power; then
        gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power idle-dim true
    else
        gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power idle-dim false
    fi
    sleep 60   # check the state in each 60 seconds
done

Save the script.ex: dimscreen.sh and run it by typing sh /path/to/dimscreen.sh in Terminal.


Mouse clicklock needed for accessibility! Where is it?

this obscure git repo is what you're looking for.

https://github.com/germag/clicklockd

git clone https://github.com/germag/clicklockd.git
cd clicklockd
make
sudo ./clicklockd -t 2 -b

And it works exactly as Windows ClickLock feature. Took me years of frustration and sudden luck to find it, it is not really simple to implement it correctly.


Weird port 9000 service, how do I find out what it is?

The command

lsof  | grep "9000 (LISTEN)"

should give you the information which process/program uses the port.

If lsof is not already installed you can install it with

sudo apt-get install lsof


Accidental deletion of the Gmail (IMAP) Trash 'System Label' in Evolution

I finally solved this issue.

Deleting a Gmail 'system label' in Evolution mail (spam, trash can) means that you are "unsubscribing" the folder. You can re-subscribe by doing the following:

From Evolution Menu - Folder => Subscriptions. Then in Subscriptions, you'll need to specify which account (server), that you are dealing with. In my case it was my gmail web mail account. A list will be generated, and from here you re-check the folder that was unsubscribed. For me, this was the Gmail system label, 'trash'.

Hope this helps others.


RT3290 Bluetooth not pairing in Ubuntu 14.04

At the moment there isn't driver for the bluetooth of the RT3290... I have the same problem.
However, if you have a launchpad account you can mark this bug as affecting you:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1189721


Install Windows 7 on separate partitions without losing grub

Open gparted partition editor,in ubuntu and delete the windows 8 partition and format it to ntfs filesystem.
Download boot-repair live disk .iso file,and make a bootable boot-repair live usb.
Insert windows 7 installation disk,and install windows 7 os on the deleted windows 8 partition.
After that insert boot-repair live usb and boot from it.On startup click on the Recommende repair option.It will reinstall your grub.


Keyboard not working after wake up or when I open the lid, Sony Vaio Ubuntu 18.04

I've found the solution to this problem, and adding this line
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="**i8042.direct i8042.dumbkbd**"

to /etc/default/grub will work.
As it says in that file, you need to run sudo update-grub before these new settings will take effect.
However, the bad thing is that the Caps Lock and NumLock lights on the Keyboard will be either always ON or OFF.


Run command as user does not work as expected in a particular case

I see no issue, get is not meant to change the value.

Get is meant to get the current value, not change anything.


How to create a wifi hotspot in Ubuntu Server?

Here is a good document which step by step explains how to setup Wireless access point on Ubuntu.


Why is Ubuntu 18.04 halting after login since upgrade from 17.10?

I seems the problem was with the graphics driver. The default installation uses the Nouveau driver. After I installed the NVIDIA recommended driver (nvidia-driver-390) everything seems to be working fine.


How do I add a second Windows boot drive to Grub Customizer?

All your installed operating systems should be in the same mode: UEFI or legacy.  New machines with Windows 8+ preinstalled have been UEFI for about 5 years, but a custom built machine, one upgraded from Windows 7, could be in either mode, even if the machine is UEFI. Further, UEFI Windows requires GPT partitioning on the disk, not MSDOS partitioning.   UEFI mode boots require an EFI partition for the bootloaders.

The Ubuntu install media can boot in either mode, UEFI or legacy, depending upon the settings in your BIOS/UEFI Settings.  So determine what mode your first Windows is in, then check that your BIOS boot settings will allow the installer to boot in that mode.

I don't know how to force a Windows installation mode -- but if your second Windows installation is in the wrong mode, your Ubuntu installation will only find one of them (the one which matches Ubuntu's mode).  This seems to match what you are seeing.

Booting installations of Windows from two different disks also requires fooling the second disk Windows into thinking it is on the first disk.  I don't know if the Ubuntu installer will actually provide the diskmap hd0 hd1 and   diskmap hd1 hd0 lines in grub.cfg  to "flip" the disks, you might have to add them yourself by editing one of the /etc/grub.d files to provide a custom Windows boot.


Mount Ubuntu shares remotely with Mac and Windows

Tough Question

If you have not already discerned as much, you have asked questions that have long, complicated answers and many tangents. In the recent past, it would have been fairly easy to create a PPTP VPN on Ubuntu/Linux; but, do not do this because MS-CHAP is now crack-able. And, we would never want to take the easy way out by exposing Samba directly to the Internet by opening ports for it in a router/firewall (insecure). The easy way is to buy hardware for a VPN, maybe a SonicWall, or whichever product meets your needs. Otherwise, change the way you share files over the Internet (not with SMB).

The one goal not in the question is printing. For that, use IPP (CUPS on Ubuntu). Open port 631 on your router for your CUPS server. Also keep in mind that without a VPN, we will not have RDP unless we implement software like NeoRouter, below. But, you have no VPN at the moment, so I suppose that's not a problem.

So, we have a working SSH configuration already. Why not use it for leverage? First remember to install DenyHosts, fail2ban, or some other software to make sure you are protected from brute force attacks. The server will almost certainly be attacked continually from all over the world. (If not today, give it time.) Then, you want them to point-and-click on files, right?

For Windows

So, win-sshfs creates a way to mount Windows drive letters over SSH.
And, Swish adds support for SFTP to Windows Explorer.

For Mac

I cannot really comment much on this, because I do not know Mac. I know a Mac is Darwin Unix under the hood. A similar approach will likely work using perhaps MacFusion.

Something Different

NeoRouter I have never tried but have heard good things. Not only does it provide for file sharing but RDP as well.

Obtuse

We could expound on this topic for a long time. Thus, this answer is mostly obtuse. It can be quite challenging to implement an elegant solution that meets all requirements.
There is so much more to it. If you are using the SFTP/SSHFS method, then it will take a little more as well. For example, file system permissions to shared directories will likely be done with ACL. Though this is not a precise answer, I hope there are enough clues to move forward.


Go to preferences -> advanced -> programs -> add
Protocol = magnet

Choose your action:

Then tick Open with other application (and copy the line from below):

 /usr/bin/transmission %s

Parameter: leave empty (unchecked) Open in terminal

You need to wait 3 or 4 minutes until the peers list is completely loaded!


Change/set working directory of scripts executed from file manager window

For bash scripts you can start the script with

cd "$(dirname "$0")"

or more sophisticated and safer versions of this.
Probably in python you can do something similar (I don't know python), or you can wrap your script with a bash script.


How to remove execute flag from ntfs drive

This answer is probably wrong, please help improving it!

Why did this happen:

Because ubuntu changed ntfs permission handling from version 16.10 onward.

How to safely undo it:

Once the ntfs drive is mounted, take the current mount entry from /etc/mtab or /proc/mounts and correct it (according to "man mount.ntfs"-OPTIONS: user_id must become uid, group_id must become gid, nodev becomes no_def_opts, rw, nosuid and blksize do not seem to exist??, default_permissions becomes permissions, ) PERHAPS you also have to swap fuseblk for ntfs-3g, I don't know.
add useful options:
windows_names so creation of filenames with characters that are not allowed by windows (e.g. colons) is prohibited (this should be the default imho, but is not).
noauto if you like to prevent automounting
append the line by the desired fmask and dmask (for ntfs mount options, just using umask would result in wrong folder permissions).
The "normal" permissions for files is rw-r--r-- and for directories, it is rwxr-xr-x (directories need execute permission, see https://superuser.com/questions/168578/why-a-folder-must-be-executable). According to http://www.webune.com/forums/umask-calculator.html the file permissions translate to 644 and converted to fmask that is 133, folder permissions of rwxr-xr-x translate to 755, converted to dmask that is 022.
Append the result /dev/sdc1 /media/brad/mydata fuseblk no_def_opts,relatime,uid=0,gid=0,permissions,allow_other,noauto,windows_names,fmask=0133,dmask=022 0 0 to /etc/fstab (use your own paths, of course and do not add additional blanks).

Disclaimer: I still have no idea if this is safe. Could someone knowledgeable have a look, please?

..................................................................................................................................................................

old, wrong stuff, pending deletion:
/dev/sdc1 /media/brad/mydata fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096,noauto,fmask=0133,dmask=022 0 0

Finally dared to try it out, but clicking on the device I get this error message

Unable to access location
Error mounting system-managed device /dev/sdc1:Command-line 'mount"/media/brad/mydata"'exited with non-zero exit status 32: mount: wrong fs type, bad opton, bad superblock on /dev/sdc1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so.

dmesg | tail did not reveal any related information.

So is there a conflict of dmask/fmask with these ominous default_permissions or do I need to use the UUID or something completely different?


Blue hue/tint in "white" margin of scanned docs or photos. Lubuntu 13.10 ,Epson V200 photo scanner

This is, almost certainly, a failing lamp. You are, maybe, in luck. Most of today's scanners use something called a Cold Cathode lamp. The older style scanners used a special lamp with a high CRI (Color Rendering Index) which uses a wider spectrum than your usual house lamps. As lamps with a high CRI are not generally replaced (disposable society and all that) there is not a very large market for them. You do see replaceable lamps but that is generally with the more expensive scanners, those used in a professional setting where they pay a great deal of money and often have a specialist company maintain their print rooms (which is often where the scanners are).

Now, this doesn't mean you're entirely out of options. You can do a few things to resolve this situation, maybe:

You can find a forum, if one exists, full of enthusiasts. I did not see one for your model. You may have better luck than I. One of them may be able to find a lamp or know where you can find one.

You can try the myriad online resources in hopes of finding a working model that matches your own and harvest the lamp from that one. It's not difficult to change your lamp and, believe it or not, this may actually be your least expensive and most viable solution. You do need to make sure that it is not a Cold Cathode first. (More on that below.)

Finally, you can call the manufacturer or use their online contacts and see if they will find, sell, and help you change the lamp. Having dealt with this company in the past, I wish you luck.

Now, assuming that Google is correct and you do, indeed, have the older style lamp (the newer lamps are not user-serviceable) then you can try this site to get the current contact information for user-serviceable parts replacements. They should be able to tell you if it is a Cold Cathode or a CRI lamp.

If they can give you the part number there's a very limited chance that a specialty lamp shop will carry this. As you have a consumer model, there doesn't seem to be a detailed technical spec chart online.

Sorry that this is, unlikely, an operating system issue and can't be fixed by tweaking and poking. To be honest, the lamps are expensive and it may be worth it to simply replace it with a newer model if you can't find a cadaver to strip for parts.

I've gone through this, albeit with a different model, myself and my scans looked a lot like the one you're sharing with us. I wish there were more to do but it's almost certainly a hardware issue.


Upgrading from 16.04 to 18.04 breaks i915 driver detection

Disabling i915.alpha_support=1 from /etc/default/grub, update-grub and subsequent reboot enabled the driver.

Thanks to nobody for the solution.

I have not found, however, the means to knowing why it worked.


You can activate Steam Play by doing:

Update Steam to the latest version.
Open Steam > Settings.
Go to Steam Play.
Enable all checkboxes.
Save the settings and restart Steam.


Running pwd command by using at - at doesn't do anything

Output is not made in your current terminal window. You need to send it somewhere. For example to a log file, via Email, ...
pwd >> pwd.log

Then you can check the output:
cat pwd.log
#or
tail -f pwd.log


How to copy multiple urls hidden under texts, by selection in webpages?

Right click the link and choose "copy link address". <-- That's what it is on Chrome and IE, I'd expect it to be similar for FF.


What happens to manual Upstart services on shut down?

I think you must have overlooked something as this is really clear in the link you provided:

  5.2.1   Observations

  There are some important points related to system shutdown:

  [...]

  Upstart never stops a job with no stop on condition.

  [...]

  5.2.2   Shutdown Process

  [...]

  One of the scripts run is /etc/init.d/sendsigs.

  This script will kill any remaining processes not already stopped (including Upstart processes).

In this sendsigs script it's explained:

  Upstart has a method to set a kill timeout and so the job author may
  want us to wait longer than 10 seconds (as in the case of  mysql).
  (LP: #688541)

  We will wait up to 300 seconds for any jobs in stop/killed state.  Any
  kill timeout higher than that will be overridden by the need  to
  shutdown. NOTE the re-use of seq from above, since we already  waited
  up to 10 seconds for them.


Dell XPS 12 built-in camera not working in skype and cheese

You can find a workaround here: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=192952

The solution uses gstreamer to read from camera and forward the stream to a virtual device.


Try to install the Trident (not Trydent) drivers :

 sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-trident

And restart your computer.


Is there a way to install a2p on Ubuntu?

With the help of cpanm from the cpanminus package I was able to install

cpanm App::a2p

which gives me the command a2p in my home.
You can also install it systemwide :
sudo cpanm -S App::a2p


My computer is 32 Bit Windows XP ,I downloaded Ubuntu12.04LTS -64 bit

If your processor was 32bit, you wouldn't be able to run 12.04LTS-64bit. You are running it, so that's your answer.

As far as font size is concerned, it has nothing to do with bits. To increase the size when viewing a web page, press Ctrl++. To decrease size, press Ctrl+-. If your mouse has a wheel, you can increase size by Ctrl+Wheel-up.

To download the 32bit version, go to the official Ubuntu download page and select the desired version from the drop-down menu.


Grub boot screen always loads regardless of drive selected

When you select a drive it will start the boot manager installed on the drive.  You say it isn't the end of the world, which suggests you can live with it, but just want to know what happened and how you can change it.

What happened

You have installed Grub on both drives.  Most likely this happened during your "panic attack" when you followed the advice to see Windows again.  The person providing support knew that you would see Windows if Grub was functioning properly.  The instructions most likely fixed/intalled Grub on the a second time on the alternate drive and you can now see Windows and have the choice.

How to boot directly to Windows without Grub

Reinstall a Windows Boot Manager on the Drive with your Windows install, then select that one for your Boot when you want to skip Grub.

If running the process cause you to not be able to see Grub again on either drive, you can install Grub again, but this time be very particular to install it on the desired drive... most likely the one you have Ubuntu installed on.

When installing Grub, you specify the target drive as an argument:

$ sudo grub-install /dev/sdX

Change /sdX to be the drive you are installing Grub to.  The /dev/sda will most be your first first drive.  The /dev/sdb will be your secondary drive.


Press CTRl + ALT + T.  then type in the the following

sudo apt-get upgrade firefox

then type Y

At which point Ubuntu will then upgrade Firefox with any hassles.


How to install from an external repo in my work network (problem with spaces)

Well I managed to resolve the issue.

sudo apt-get install smbclient smbfs

smbclient needs to see the shared resources on the network and smbfs needs to be able to mount a shared resource on your computer.

So, you just have to write:

sudo mount -t smbfs //IP_address/shared_folder /home/username/my_folder -o user=username

Then I edited the file sources.list and everything worked out fine.


Having trouble opening images in Ubuntu command line

As it was found out in the comments , OP actually wanted to open images in full-tty environment ,i.e., not in graphical environment.

Natively there are no apps that will allow to open images in full-text environment, however  one can install fbi package with the following command

sudo apt-get install fbi

The fbi package operates on rendering the image and writing it into framebuffer memory location , which is reference by /dev/fb0 device.

To ensure you don't need sudo privilege to  run fbi, add yourself to the video group with the following command:

  sudo usermod -a -G video  $USER

Logout and log back in. At this point you can open images with:

 fbi path/to/image.png

For more advanced use of package fbi check out one of my other answer  about setting TTY background.


Impossible to ping when activating second network card

You should be able to use the command ifmetric to set the metrics for each interface. The lower the metric the more "preferred" it is.

It is not included by default, but you can add it with sudo apt-get install ifmetric.

Then use ifmetric interface value to set the metric.

So to make eth1 "preferred" set its metric to 0, or set eth2's metric to 2 or higher.

To give credit were it's due, I found the answer here:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Also, from the Debian Documents pages:

5.6.2. The ifmetric package

The ifmetric package enables us to manipulate metrics of routes a posteriori even for DHCP.

The following sets the eth0 interface to be preferred over the wlan0 interface.

Install the ifmetric package.
Add an option line with "metric 0" just below the "iface eth0 inet dhcp" line.
Add an option line with "metric 1" just below the "iface wlan0 inet dhcp" line.

The metric 0 means the highest priority route and is the default one. The larger metric value means lower priority routes. The IP address of the active interface with the lowest metric value becomes the originating one. See ifmetric(8).


Perhaps you should update Firefox to the newest version 59.0.2?
What about the top command - which process drains your CPU?


Video player that can show specific area of video?

VLC can do this through the Adjustments and Effects > Video Effects > Crop settings.

mplayer can also do this. Use something like:

mplayer -vf cropdetect=round:16 -ss 10:00 dvd://

This will output the detected crop settings in the terminal, something like 720:416:0:80 which can then be used in the crop filter:

mplayer -vf crop=720:416:0:80 dvd://


show the target of current directory (symbolic link)

Here is a way of changing to the target of the given symbolic link:

cd -P .

Here is how it works

user@host:~/tmp$ ls
@a b
user@host:~/tmp$ file a
a: symbolic link to `b/c'
user@host:~/tmp$ cd a
user@host:~/tmp/a$ cd .
user@host:~/tmp/a$ cd -P .a
user@host:~/tmp/b/c$

You can alias it to

cdl='cd -P'

From the bash manual:

  The -P option says to use the physical  directory structure  instead  of following symbolic links


Install printer Canon MP280 on ubuntu 20.04

To resolve:

sudo apt install printer-driver-gutenprint
system-config-printer


I managed to solve my own problem.

It was indeed sendmail that I very recently touched. I think I messed up with the config, so it won't start at boot, and stuck forever silently.

apt-get remove sendmail

Simply removing sendmail didn't work for me.

I finally did the following to bring my server back:

sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep sendmail

(Find out what sendmail packages are and then remove them all)

sudo rm /etc/mail/*

(Has to clean a file before purging one of the following packages, I forgot which one, probably sendmail-base)

sudo apt-get --purge remove sendmail
sudo apt-get --purge remove sendmail-base
sudo apt-get --purge remove sendmail-bin
sudo apt-get --purge remove sendmail-cf

Then everything works fine again after a

shutdown -r now

To conclude, a lesson for me. Do recall what you did, and rollback your last action. Of course check all the logs before trying something risky.

Enjoy~!


Asus UX430UQ Laptop Microphone not working Ubuntu 18.04 or 20.04

Create the file /etc/modprobe.d/fix_headset_microphone.conf:
sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/fix_headset_microphone.conf

Add this line to the file:
options snd-hda-intel model=alc255-asus


updatedb : File size limit exceeded (18.04 LTS)

Your file size is limited to 2001 blocks.
As per this tutorial increase it using:
vi /etc/security/limits.conf

By comparison my system which is stock has:
$ ulimit -a
core file size          (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size           (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority             (-e) 0
file size               (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals                 (-i) 127556
max locked memory       (kbytes, -l) 64
max memory size         (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files                      (-n) 1024
pipe size            (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues     (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority              (-r) 0
stack size              (kbytes, -s) 8192
cpu time               (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes              (-u) 127556
virtual memory          (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks                      (-x) unlimited


Solved.

Here it's what i've done:

Boot Mac osX,open a terminal and disable journaling of the partition you want to include in the fstab, in my case: diskutil disableJournal /dev/disk1s2
Boot Linux, open a terminal and change fstab with nano /etc/fstab
include (in my case) at the botoom: /dev/sda2 /media/Macintosh_HD hfsplus rw,exec,auto,users 0 0


Sound lags behind video stream in ubuntu 15.04

In PulseAudio Volume Control, in the tab Output Devices,
expand the section Advanced for the output device in question.

You can set a latency offset as millisecond value in the advanced section of each device.
That value can be positive or negative;  There are other options in the advanced section that may be related to the synchronisation with video.

There are changes in the synchronisation that need support from the video player side, because the player can show the video before even delivering the audio data to the audio system. So it is not clear whether the problem can be solved with the player you use, or a different video player.

Note that reducing lag of sound may be possible by reducing internal default latency delays.


Upgraded to 13.10 now clock settings are all disabled and clock does not display

There's a bug report for that in Launchpad.

Quick fix:
Open terminal (ctrl + alt + T) and type

killall unity-panel-service


You can use Thunderbird's lightning plugin, which syncs with Google Calender.

You can create one common Gmail ID which you can share with other users. If you need any support in setting the things please let us know.


Why does it always say "Requires Installation of Untrusted Packages" and not let me download?

Dont worry. Figured out the problem. I looked at my software sources again and noticed that the required sources were not ticked. Which raises the question, how were they unticked if I never touched them until now?


WinUSB fails to install windows 7 on USB

I suggest that you try mkusb instead of WinUSB. mkusb can create bootable USB drives and memory cards with the Windows installer for Windows 7 - Windows 10.

See the following links,

If you have a DVD drive

Burn a boot DVD disk. Make sure to 'burn an iso file'. (Do not create a data DVD with the iso file.)

Create a boot USB drive

You can use mkusb-nox or mkusb-dus alias mkusb version 12. See these links,

Windows USB install drive

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/gui#Installation


Choose Unison if what you want is two way synchronization, it is better suited for those scenarios; although achievable in rsync as well.

It's a bad idea, but a root login is not required.  You need a login to the other machine which has permissions to write to the folders you want to sync.  Since this is your personal stuff, you can use your normal login or create a special login on all machines specifically for Unison and grant that login permissions on those folders.
The two way binding and ease of setup mainly, but it comes down to preference.  You could try both to see which one you end up liking more.
You can perform checks before actually invoking the rsync or Unison sync.  For example, you can mount the remote machine's directory via sshfs.  If it fails, don't kick off the sync.  This can be part of your sync script.
The main bottleneck will be network speed, and Unison can be slower if you have huge amounts of data to sync (~100GB or so). Otherwise, the differences are negligible, YMMV.  Everyone's setup is different.   You should also read this post as part of your considerations.
If you're using sshfs, try the reconnect option.

Having said all this, if this is just for code, it's still a good idea to consider a version control system as others have said.  You can host a git server on a machine at home and synchronizing code only takes a minute or less with one command, without the overhead of maintaining mounts, logins, connections, etc.


how to start developing more cleaner editor's gui interface?

I'm presuming you want to create your own GUI
I recommend to use opengl if you want to have portable code between platforms.
you need to write draw functions that will draw the GUI element(such as text input fields/buttons...) and write event function that goes with them(on mouse click,on focus..).

Here is a Tutorial to get you started


Béné answered the questions! Thank you!

The following solution ALMOST worked form me in THIS POST!

HOWEVER, the second command in the post above gave me an error message. I modified them a little bit, so the following solution worked for me and remained working after a system restart.:

sudo find /usr/share/fonts -type f -exec sudo chmod 644 {} \;
sudo fc-cache -r -v


Second Screen is Rotated in a dual monitor setup

Ok, just solved it. I typed in the terminal:

xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1280x1024 --rotate normal

If you have the same kind of problem, you have to change "VGA1" with the right output (just type xrandr in the terminal to have a list of your your video outputs) and "1280x1024" with the resolution you want.


How I can set a keyboard shortcut to access the Applications or Places menu?

Go to Applications > System Tools > System Settings > Keyboard. Open the "Shortcuts" tab.

There it be. :) The default for the Applications menu is Alt+F1.


Bypass ISP Restrictions - Squid Proxy on Google Cloud

Seems like your ISP is intercepting proxied connections too. You'll have to encrypt the connection between your computer and the proxy server. But why reinvent the wheel? I'll give you a better alternative.

You could remove squid altogether, and use OpenSSH's dynamic forwarding feature (I assume sshd is already installed in your gcloud server, which it should be). This works by starting a local SOCKS proxy server, and forwarding any traffic to your SSH server, which in turn forwards the traffic to the destination server. As SSH connections are encrypted by default, you don't have to worry about eavesdropping/interception.

How this would work:

$ ssh -D 1080 user@gcloud-vm

would start a SOCKS proxy server on your local machine.

You can then configure whatever programs you want to use this proxy server. Just specify the proxy type as SOCKS5, proxy server IP as 127.0.0.1 and proxy server port as 1080. (Make sure to proxy DNS queries too).

If your program doesn't support proxies, then try a tool like ProxyChains or, if that doesn't work, tsocks. I've had great success with both of these.


Add the contents of the following to new file /etc/rsyslog.d/20-ovpn.conf. This makes sure that log events sent to rsyslog are handled nicely.

# Create a template for the vpn log location
$template OpenVPN,"/var/log/openvpn/ovpn.log"

# Save log events where the programname starts with ovpn like ovpn-server to the
# location mentioned in the template
:programname, startswith, "ovpn-" -?OpenVPN

# Stop processing ovpn-* log events
:programname, startswith, "ovpn-" ~

Run this command and make sure that there is no output.

grep ^log /etc/openvpn/server.conf

If this command outputs any lines, then your need to go into the config and comment out the log or log-append line. This will trigger the default logging that sends it to syslog.

Finally, create a new file /etc/logrotate.d/ovpn and add the contents below to that file. This will do a weekly rotation or rotate once a log file becomes 100M in size. It will keep 4 weeks and compress everything but that last two.

/var/log/openvpn/*.log {
        weekly
        size 100M
        rotate 4
        compress
        delaycompress
        missingok
        notifempty
        create 640 syslog adm
}

Restart the rsyslog and then openvpn services to make sure these new configs take. You should see /var/log/openvpn and /var/log/openvpn/ovpn.log get created immediately by rsyslog after openvpn restarts.


GRUB (or rather BURG) takes 30 seconds to load

1) Reduce the default grub load time:

you can simply use the following command to open grub configuration:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub &

And change GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 to GRUB_TIMEOUT=2. This will change the boot time to 2 seconds. Prefer not to put 0 here as you will lost the privilege to change between OS and recovery options. Once you have changed the grub configuration, use the following command to make the change count:

sudo update-grub

2) Speed Up Ubuntu Booting Time via Grub (Source = Ubuntubuzz)

here's to do it, open your grub configuration file (/etc/default/grub) and find this line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=”quiet splash”, do as follows :

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

replace

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=”quiet splash”

with

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=”quiet splash profile”

save and exit

sudo update-grub2

sudo reboot

Grub does a search for all the necessary drivers to load, Instead of making Grub search for required drivers, the profiling actually makes Grub remember every necessary driver to work, This action will cutting down all of the driver load times.

after your system up, edit /etc/default/grub and remove some option  which we have added before.

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

replace

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=”quiet splash profile”

with

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=”quiet splash”

save and exit

sudo update-grub2


Alright, here goes:

#!/bin/bash
threshold=100          # Minimum amount of memory left when you should start killing, in MB
browser="firefox-bin"  # Change this to whatever you use, firefox is actually firefox-bin
while true; do
    available=$(free -m | head -2 | tail -1 | awk '{print $4}')
    if [ "$threshold" -ge "$available" ]; then
        killall -q $browser  # Will not complain if no processes were killed
    fi
    sleep 20
done

Put this into /home/USERNAME/bin, execute chmod +x ~/bin/SCRIPTNAME, and then add it to your auto-start programs through System->Preferences->Startup Applications.

Then the script will run when you log in, automatically. You can run it manually with ~/bin/SCRIPTNAME &


Can't upgrade or install software after installing Firefox 4

There seems to be a problem with the file that tells Ubuntu where to find Firefox 4.

You can remove it with this command:

su rm /etc/apt/sources.list/ubuntu-mozilla-daily-ppa-maverick.list

After that your system should update again.

To install firefox 4 just copy and paste in a terminal this command:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-mozilla-daily

Afterwards you should be able to install it from the Software Centre, or using the terminal:

sudo apt-get install firefox-4.0

Note that this is a daily build version of a beta software, expect bugs.


Ubuntu 11.10 is falling back to Unity 2D. How to get back to Unity 3D?

Finally solved the problem here!  Like @MichaelK said:

  [...] Most likely the driver switched to another one and you lost
  opengl support [...] Well update information on your graphics hardware and driver as well.

So the way I found to reset things was to just purge and install xserver-xorg, after that everything went back to normal:

$ sudo apt-get purge xserver-xorg
$ sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-video-all
$ sudo reboot

Voila! Hope it helps.

ps: The only bad thing now is that every time I plug a secondary monitor on my computer (specially when showing Ubuntu to someone) I have to cross my fingers secretly. This driver switching behavior from Ubuntu is no good man ¬¬


How to sync songs in Rhythmbox with an iPod

If you are using iOS 5.x, the library that Rhythmbox (and others) use to do this does not yet support the newer database version. If your iOS device has recently been updated, then you simply need to wait for libimobiledevice to be updated (watch the website under Music/Video Synchronization Status for updates).

[edit: 3/11/13 e.m.fields - It seems that the libimobiledevices is supporting up to iOS 6.12 as of this release. ]

from www.libimobiledevice.org:

  Latest Release: 1.0.7
  Development/Unstable Release: 1.1.4

  Tested with iPod Touch 1G/2G/3G/4G, iPhone 1G/2G/3G/3GS/4/4S/5, iPad 1/2/3rd Gen and Apple TV running up to firmware 6.1.2 on Linux, Mac OS X and Windows.


Landscape Autopilot - Accessing inner Juju Environment

If you're using conjure-up I used that:

$:juju ssh landscape-server/0 sudo 'JUJU_DATA=/var/lib/landscape/juju-homes/`sudo ls -rt /var/lib/landscape/juju-homes/ | tail -1` sudo -u root -E bash'

Then switch to the non default controller with, here it is called controller:

$: juju switch controller
$: juju status


Basic troubleshooting would be...

restart xrdp service ?
restart the computer completely ?

If this is still failing, maybe you have a orphaned "X session". To check this, perform the following actions

in terminal console, type the following

cd /tmp/.X11-unix
ls -l

if you see a session associated with your name, delete that session
Restart xrdp and try again

If this is not fixing your issue, then try the following,
in Terminal console, type
vncserver

if you have a message like

Warning: Head-Node:1 is taken because of /tmp/.X11-unix/X1

Remove this file....

you have an orphaned X session and you need to delete the file....
Say yes on the screen...

Hope this help
Till next time
See ya


Are there any good text-to-speech plugins for firefox?

I am using Google™ Translator add-on for Firefox, as I don't know any good TTS software for Linux with natural voice. So this is on-line solution, you can mark text and than you get bubble where you can click to read a text. It also works on pdf files when you open them in Firefox.

And most important the voice is natural, what is not case with existing Linux TTS. The best free TTS software for Linux is probably MeryTTS


Not exactly what you asked for, because the OP asked for "10px" scrolling, but since it also asked for "what is executed when the wheel is rolled".  In Linux, when the wheel is rolled, it's up to the application to interpret it, but you can still simulate wheel rolling.
Wheel rolling up and down are typically mapped as mouse button 4 and 5 respectively.  The following command will simulate scrolling up
xdotool click 4

and the following command will simulate scrolling down
xdotool click 5

Use custom shortcuts or scripts to bind your input events to this command to simulate a wheel roll.


How do I install a program from terminal with no errors?

You don't need to use quotes.  You might want to make sure everything is updated and upgraded first too.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install samba


No intel thunderbolt support in 14.04.02

I've read that people needed to update the kernel to 3.17 for hotplug support. You should try upgrading the kernel to mainline.

I need an upgrade to my current laptop and this device looks perfect, but if I can't use it with my thunderbolt monitor, then I have to sell it and get a display port monitor instead :(

I'm surprised the monitor doesn't work out of the box. Do normal DP monitors work correctly in ubuntu 14.04?


How to get numpad out of "mouse emulation" mode?


Hauppauge WinTV does not work on Ubuntu 12.04

I found my mistake, I was not selecting the correct video input for the card, so I was getting the video from an input which didn't have any signal.
After the selecting the correct input (composite video in my case) I was able to capture the video.


How to adjust battery threshold on ubuntu 18.04?

I wrote a command line application that does this.
The easiest way to get started is download the app from the releases page and run
$ ./bat --help

from the terminal in the directory where it is located which should show the help documentation.
If there's an error, it might have to do with permissions. The following command might solve the problem.
chmod +x ./bat

Basically, running
$ ./bat --threshold

will print out the current threshold.
To set a new threshold, say 60%, run
./bat --threshold 60

To persist the current threshold between restarts, run
sudo ./bat --persist

Note: Persisting uses systemd under the hood but this is bundled with most Linux distributions including Ubuntu.
Tip: Putting the app in a directory like /usr/local/bin/ that is in the $PATH will enable you to run it from anywhere and not just in the directory the app is in. Then the above commands become,
bat --help

bat --threshold 60

bat --persist

respectively.


How to block ips similar to editing the HOSTS file on Windows

In Ubuntu it works the same, only the file is located somewhere else.

The location in Ubuntu is /etc/hosts.

To edit this file you must be root (the administrator in Linux):

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

gksudo gedit /etc/hosts

gksudo starts a GUI application as root and gedit is the default GUI text editor in Ubuntu.
CLI (Command Line Interface)

sudo nano /etc/hosts

sudo starts a CLI application as root and nano is the default CLI text editor in Ubuntu.

The syntax of the hosts file is:

127.0.0.1 localhost


How can I fix my broken package manager? "software index is broken"

As this error message Software index is broken. This is a major failure of your software management system. suggests, there is a major failure of your software management system comprised of several different errors, and these errors need to be individually repaired one error at a time in order to restore your package management to working condition.

Open the terminal and type:

sudo rm -vf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:pinta-maintainers/pinta-stable
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -f


If the launcher is not moving even after using terminal, Unity Tweak Tool and dconf editor:

Make sure you correctly utilized the application.

for terminal: make sure you ran gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher launcher-position Bottom and then rebooted.

for dconf Editor:go to com>canonical>unity>launcher>launcher-position and set custom value to "Bottom".

for Unity Tweak Tool: go to launcher>appearance and select Position: Bottom

If nothing has worked so far continue:

Install Unity

If nothing the above hasn't worked it is likely that Unity Launcher is not installed.

To install Unity:

Open a terminal and type sudo apt install ubuntu-unity-desktop and select OK
Under "configuring lightdm" navigate to lightdm and select it.
Wait for it to finish and then restart. From here click the Ubuntu Symbol and make sure it is set to use Unity.
Log-in and verify that step the first step has been completed (Make sure you correctly utilized the application)

Now, Unity should be installed and the launch bar moved.

For more detail in installing Unity see this article:

https://itsfoss.com/use-unity-ubuntu-17-10/

If you do not want to install unity:

Go to settings>dock>position on screen and set it to bottom.