Where do I find out about the details and reasons for the patches applied to a package?

Firstly, the Precise default version of doxygen is 1.7.6.1-2ubuntu1, as noted at Ubuntu packages, so I'm not sure why you mention 1.7.4-3, as that is the 11.10 Oneiric default version. I should check whether you really are on Precise, or have upgraded properly.

The version you are using still has the doxygen_direct_dot_run.diff patch applied, while the actual version for Precise, (1.7.6.1-2ubuntu1) doesn't have it applied. So using the real Precise version might solve some of the problems as it has other patches too. There aren't any current bugs describing your issue at Launchpad, so it could be a new one.

More generally, patches and changelogs

When you download the source (apt-get source doxygen), you can see which patches are applied (for doxygen in Precise):

dpkg-source: info: applying manpages.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying dot-config.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying gcc-g.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying doxygen-jquery.patch

However, you can also download the program's source without the patches being applied or the packages unpacked:

apt-get source doxygen --download-only

(You could build the package and omit some of the patches if you wanted to.)

If you have used the --download-only switch to apt-get source you will have 2 packages and a signature file. You can unpack doxygen_1.7.6.1-2ubuntu1.debian.tar.gz to view the patches, changelog, and rules (not all the patches in the patches folder will actually be used).

The changelog will contain references to the patches and will always include the Debian (#number) or Launchpad (LP: #number) of the bug, and this can be searched on the respective bug trackers. That is the best way to find more information on the patches than in the very brief changelog.

Examples from the doxygen source changelog:

  Don't apply doxygen_direct_dot_run.diff.  Closes: #618125.

Now #618125 is the debian ticket, so you can search bugs by number at debian and
find more details.

  Add multiarch metadata to satisfy cross-dependencies (LP: #971739)

Similarly, to find more information you would search for this bug at Launchpad by entering the number.

More generally, you could also go to patches.ubuntu.com:

  These patches are generated daily and contain the differences between an Ubuntu source package and the equivalent version of the same source in Debian.

Apart from discussion on the bug thread itself, on forums, or on irc channels, these avenues of investigation are about the most you can use to find out about the rationale for patches.


After moving my installation to a new computer, how can I have Ubuntu redetect sound hardware?

Try pavucontrol while Skype is showing the problem. It helped me solve my Skype problem although admittedly, that was broken input, not output.


Starting a background application automatically on boot

Any script that you place in /etc/rc.local file will execute on boot.

Place your command there without sudo.


Previously, Flash for 64-bit machines was in testing and provided by the sevenmachines/flash PPA (see also
What are PPAs and how do I use them?). If you've previously installed this PPA, remove the packages flashplugin64-installer and ``flashplugin64-nonfree and the PPA file in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sevenmachines-flash-*.list (* = distro version). Terminal commands:

sudo apt-get purge flashplugin64-installer flashplugin64-nonfree
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sevenmachines-flash-*.list

Then, continue installing the flash plugin as described at How do I install Adobe Flash player?


How To Install Ubuntu For "Pine 64" computer

Download the latest ARM-HF image of Ubuntu

Use unetbootin to flash the image to your SD card if you are on Linux

Use Win32DiskImager if you are on Windows

Done :)


I asked in #xfce and the answer is to set the

saturation  = "1"

I bet yours is set to "0" like mine was.


How do I configure the low battery notifications?

The way I have my notifications set up is via script that launches in /etc/rc.local file on every boot. Simply place the full path into that file and call it like so:

/home/USERNAME/bin/batmon.sh &

What it will do is that it will continuously echo to GUI and to command line that "hey, your battery is draining" till you plug in AC source.

The script relies on couple of things : having correct battery name ( mine is BAT1 and the file we want is /sys/class/power_supply/BAT1/uevent) and the presence of on_ac_power script, which does come with every default Ubuntu flavor ( i don't know about Kubuntu or Xubuntu or others)

The source code for the script is located on my git  https://github.com/SergKolo/sergrep/blob/master/batmon.sh

Feel free to modify the script to your liking , maybe tune the delay time. I've set mine to 30 seconds in sleep function, but you can change it to minute (60 seconds) or more.


Does a filename in Ubuntu starting with "readme" automatically becomes a readme document type?

html and scripts are also plain text so the file type hasn't changed, just weird mojo about subclass icon decisions,

I found something that may help you:

Save the following as jsp.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<mime-info xmlns='http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info'>
  <mime-type type="text/x-jsp">
    <comment>JSP file</comment>
    <glob pattern="*.jsp"/>
  </mime-type>
</mime-info>

Then open a Terminal and run

xdg-mime install --novendor jsp.xml

Now all files with the extension .jsp should have the MIME type text/x-jsp.

See Shared MIME-info Database if you want to learn more about how MIME types are defined.


How would I change the gedit theme/colour scheme? (20.04 LTS)

Open the gedit preferences. Depending on your Ubuntu version (not mentioned) this will be found in different locations.
Then go to font and colours tab. Select something appropriate for you. You might need to uncheck the system font option.


disable USB autosuspend in Ubuntu Studio 19.04

You can install TLP:

$ sudo apt install tlp

Then configure it to disable USB autosuspend by edit:

$ sudo vi /etc/default/tlp

You can find related setting - "USB_AUTOSUSPEND", after set it to 0, restart TLP by:

$ sudo systemctl restart tlp

Alternatively, you can try another way, which don't need to install anything


Sync custom dictionary: firefox & libreoffice & ubuntu & MS office in windows

The problem with syncing all of these things, is that they don't use the same spelling dictionaries and formats. So one would have to create a tool which converted the data between all of the different systems. And also because the systems are all different, they may store different pieces of data, so you may lose some information going from one to another, for example.

However, if all you need to sync is a list of words, and those lists simply have to be converted to different storage formats for each system, then u1db would be a perfect solution for the synchronization portion. You would just need to write all the translation pieces on top.


Editing /etc/default/grub worked for me to solve the backlight issue:

  use acpi_osi= as a boot parameter in grub. As far as I can see on my model, it fixes all FN keys: add acpi_osi= after splash, it'll look like this:

  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi="

  don't forget sudo update-grub

Source: Asus N56vz brightness setting changes (dims) after reboot or waking


Evolution on Trusty new mail composition, insert items greyed

It was set to plain text. Selecting format messages in html sorted it.


Lenovo ideapad brightness keys not generating any events in Ubuntu 16.04.1

I finally solved this using a couple of workarounds.

The first step was making the keys detectable. I had a laptop of a similar model (Lenovo Z400) and I looked at what keycodes were generated for it. Based on that, I put this in my /etc/rc.local/:

setkeycodes e054 225 # Brightness up -> brightness up
setkeycodes e04c 224 # Brightness down -> brightness down

The second step was making the keys change the brightness. I first noticed that running xdotool key 232 and xdotool key 233 increased and decreased the brightness perfectly (including the change notification in Unity). Then I tried two things to get the brightness to work.

First, I noticed that xev now showed me the events XF86MonBrightnessUp and XF86MonBrightnessDown for the two keys, which means everything was working fine at the X level. So I simply used Ubuntu's shortcut manager and registered the two keys (which were read as their XF86 equivalents) to the xdotool commands. This worked great!

However, some weeks later, due to some packages/drivers I changed, xev stopped reporting the XF86 events and so the above method did not work. However, acpi_listen showed that video/brightnessdown and video/brightnessup events were being generated, so then, after some googling, I put the following in a new file, /etc/acpi/events/ideapad-monitor-brightness-up:

# same event as reported by acpi_listen
event=video/brightnessup BRTUP 00000086 00000000 K
action=su vivek -c "export DISPLAY=:0.0; xdotool getactivewindow && xdotool key 233 2>&1 > /tmp/log"
# The redirection into /tmp/log probably doesn't make any difference

and also an equivalent ideapad-monitor-brightness-down file with xdotool key 232 and that solved the problem. Haven't had any problems since. :)


How do I get a Canon MP550 working with Gutenprint?

Trying to debug a Gutenprint driver (or any other printer driver) is not to be undertaken lightly...

However if you wish to work with the Cup developers the link that will help is:

http://www.cups.org/documentation.php/doc-other/cups-help.html

As an alternative suggestion, can I suggest you delete the Gutenprint driver.

There is a good PPA that several Ask Ubuntu Q&As recommend.

It has updated Canon Printer drivers - my suggestion is to use that PPA.  See the linked Q&A for installation instructions.

How can I install a Canon printer or scanner driver?


Ubuntu 20.04 + Jenkins - access denied and directory does not exists

So the problem was not in the permissions of project directory but in the permissions of parent directory which missed x perm for others. I don't understand how it happened.


Can't add applications using sudo apt-get and unofficial ppa: unable to lock directory

First close all package manager programs such as Synaptic or the Software Center and try the apt-get update again. If that does not solve your problem, have a look at the methods proposed here.


Dual Boot cause Ubuntu and Windows to crash

Just try to use Boot Repair Disk that is a simple tool to repair frequent boot issues.

1-You need to download it from here.
http://sourceforge.net/projects/boot-repair-cd/

2- Install ISO file to live USB by using UnetBootin or liliUSB or Universal USB Installer.

Note: Live USB is recomended. Don't use live CD please.

3-When you boot your machine with your live USB; a new window will open.

4- Recommended repair, solve more common issues. If you have no idea what to do, do not use Advanced options.

Note: In Boot-Repair-Disk system tools, there is also a OS-Uninstaller. After Uninstaller one of your OS you may need to use Boot repair again.

For more information, visit this link


you could use teamviewer, it doesnt need to beport fowarded and it shows the entire desktop, this includes all DE's, it also works on andriod, ios, windows and mac :)


I got the solution, it is possible by adding userChrome.css, refer  https://superuser.com/a/1269912
thanks for your support.


This tutorial will helpful for everyone those who struggle to install appium server on ubuntu machine.
http://steelkiwi.com/blog/setup-environment-mobile-android-app-testing-linux/

And also  add  vim .bashrc   put this file and save

export PATH="$HOME/.linuxbrew/bin:$PATH"

export MANPATH="$HOME/.linuxbrew/share/man:$MANPATH"

export INFOPATH="$HOME/.linuxbrew/share/info:$INFOPATH"`


How to specify mono program-options arguments when using supervisord?

To troubleshoot this problem, I decided to enable debug logging for the supervisord process so I could hopefully see what command it parsed from myservice.conf.

I added the line loglevel=debug to the supervisord section of /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf.  I then tailed
/var/log/supervisor/supervisord.log and restarted the service with sudo service supervisor restart and saw that the myservice command argument was now being recognized!

BTW, I had changed back to use the command format:

command=mono --gc=sgen MyService.exe -abc

So, for some reason supervisorctl reread wasn't enough, I had to restart the supervisord service.


Ubuntu 17.10 Wireless/Wired Internet Connection Not Working on HP Notebook

For anyone else experiencing the same issue, I found the solution over here:

Rtl8723be WiFi incredibly weak


How can we make the work spaces like 2X2 Grid on Ubuntu18.04?

You can use a gnome extension Workspace Grid

  Size of grid and keybinding are configurable, GitHub pages listed all the configuration option github page


Can't cd into etc/profile, "not a directory"

The reason why this fails is because /etc/profile is not a directory (unless you meant /etc/profile.d, but I don't think you did)

Instead use gedit ~/.profile
If you want to edit .bashrc: gedit .bashrc


Cannot boot Windows after deleting Ubuntu partition and cannot boot from CD also.

If you are trying to get access to windows 7 system just boot with your windows 7 DVD and perform a startup repair.

Here is a step by step guide

A Operation system installation doesn't affect BIOS. Keep pressing F2 or DEL key to get access to BIOS. Consult yout hardware manual.


Why can I not add more secondary groups?

Better to edit the /etc/group file and added as example below.

sudo vim  /etc/group

xdrosenheim:x:1000:xdrosenheim,teamspeak,adm,sudo,moreGroups


How does updating running application binaries during an upgrade work?

Linux (and other UNIXes) draws a distinction between the name of a file (the link), the file itself (often identified with the inode), and open handles to the file. When you go to delete a file, you call the unlink() call - this erases the link to the file (you could also use rename() to overwrite it with a different inode). However, if open handles to the file (or other links - files can have multiple hardlinks) remain, the inode remains, and so does the file content, until all links and handles go away.

So running programs using the library or whatever keep a handle to the old version (often implicitly through a memory mapping), so it stays on disk. It just doesn't have a filename anymore, and will be cleaned up when all programs using it shut down (or on the next reboot, during the filesystem check or journal replay).

Further, note that programs expecting the 'old library' will do just fine with newer versions of the library. Linux libraries are assigned a filename ('soname') that reflects the version of the ABI (Application Binary Interface) offered by the library. For example, the C library on my system is libc.so.6. Any program compiled against an older version of libc, but still a version of libc implementing the version 6 ABI, will work fine with it. Really old programs will look for a libc.so.5 or libc.so.4 or something instead; in this case, you'd need to keep the old version around as well - but since the filename is different, this isn't a problem.


Create a Ubuntu Live CD with custom folders

If your goal is to clone your installation to other computers, you can use Clonezilla. It's normally easier than creating your own iso, especially if you want to keep your configuration.

If all your machines are in the same network, you can use The Fog Project. It's a computer cloning and management solution.

If you still want to create your own distribution, this is the official documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCDCustomization


Upload year in youtube-dl output template

youtube-dl doesn't have an year option (except for music videos, where it is %(release_year)s).
so what we can do instead is let youtube-dl save the files with YYYYMMDD, and we can modify it later:
import os
YOUTUBE_DIR = "/path/to/youtube/videos"
uploaders = os.path.listdir(YOUTUBE_DIR)
for uploader in uploaders:
    videofile = os.path.listdir(os.path.join(YOUTUBE_DIR, uploader))
    yyyy = videofile[:4]
    newname = yyyy + videofile[8:]
    print("old path is: ", os.path.join(YOUTUBE_DIR, uploader, videofile))
    print("new path is: ", os.path.join(YOUTUBE_DIR, uploader, newname))
    # first run the script as-is, and if you're okay with the new names, uncomment the next line and run again to actually rename the files
    #os.rename(os.path.join(YOUTUBE_DIR, uploader, videofile), os.path.join(YOUTUBE_DIR, uploader, newname))


Is it possible to upgrade ubuntu 12.04 to 12.04.1?

You don't need to do anything special. Just update your PC either using the Upgrade Manager (how you normally get updates) or use the following command:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

There isn't anything special about the point releases, they are just bundled updates. It's more for when you download an iso, so it will have more of the updates already.


How NVIDIA On-Demand option works in NVIDIA X Server Settings?

Ok I finally figured it out.
As this moment, it appears that NVIDIA can do offload rendering for OpenGL and Vulkan apps.
In order to enable this offload rendering, you have to put the Prime profile on "On-Demand", then for Vulkan offloading you have to put this variable inside your /etc/environment file:
__NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD=1
For OpenGL apps, you have to put these variables:
__NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD=1
__GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME=nvidia
After a restart, it will start render offloading.
In order to check which graphic card is being used, you can enter the following command in terminal:
glxinfo | grep vendor


pip freeze | could not find svn URL in dependency_links

This is a two-part problem.

Firstly the error is a known bug in pip. It seems to mean that one of the packages (apsw here) was installed directly from a subversion repository but that the reference to it (so that it can be recreated) wasn't stored properly so it can't be referenced properly in a freeze-list.

To half-explain and half-compound that issue apsw isn't available in the shops on pypi. Its modern documentation says as much:

  APSW is not available at the Python Package Index (pypi) and hence cannot be installed using easy_install, pip or similar tools.

I'm personally not sure if I agree with that. Pip has been able to do checkout-based installations for a while. Here's a real example one I have:

pip install -e git+https://github.com/danirus/django-pagedown.git@b67da0a5c68c8f1d75922afe7f5dc8eac3172a0b#egg=django_pagedown-dev

You might be able to bend that format to your will with something like this:

pip install -e git+https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw.git@8e09f8aec2b759cf7de3532490505f71c60c74da#egg=apsw

Who knows. Play around. Oh and you might need to remove it manually first.


How do I move the position of the Open Weather extension in the top bar?

Option 1:

The position of the status menu can be adjusted via the Open Weather GNOME Shell extension preferences which can either be found in the gnome-tweak-tool's Extension section with a click of the little cog next to the listed extension or by clicking the settings icon in the status menu:

And then changing Position in Panel to Right in the Layout tab:

Option 2:

(As we already established that you have this add-on installed in chat.) You can use the Extend Status Menu GNOME Shell extension for this. Which can be installed following these instructions.

The order of the status menus can be changed via the extension's settings which can be found if one clicks the status menu with the username and then the option labelled Extension Settings:

Then one may use the Up and Down buttons to adjust the order of the status menus:


Scale title bars and menu in Ubuntu 14.04 with Gnome

You can find out where the setting is changed if you open a terminal:

gsettings list-recursively>/tmp/before
echo 'Now unity-control-center should open. Please change the scaling in "Displays" and close.'
unity-control-center
gsettings list-recursively>/tmp/after
diff /tmp/before /tmp/after |grep '[>|<]'

You find out, that these settings were changed (changing from scaling 1.0 to 2.0):

< org.gnome.desktop.interface scaling-factor uint32 1
> org.gnome.desktop.interface scaling-factor uint32 2
< com.ubuntu.user-interface scale-factor {'HDMI1': 8, 'eDP1': 8}
> com.ubuntu.user-interface scale-factor {'HDMI1': 8, 'eDP1': 16}

Or changing from 1.0 to 1.5 there is changed the text-scaling-factor instead, because scale-factor is integer:

< org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 1.0
> org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 1.5
< org.gnome.desktop.interface cursor-size 24
> org.gnome.desktop.interface cursor-size 36
< com.ubuntu.user-interface scale-factor {'HDMI1': 8, 'eDP1': 8}
> com.ubuntu.user-interface scale-factor {'HDMI1': 8, 'eDP1': 12}

from 1.5 to 2.0:

< org.gnome.desktop.interface scaling-factor uint32 1
> org.gnome.desktop.interface scaling-factor uint32 2
< org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 1.5
> org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 1.0
< org.gnome.desktop.interface cursor-size 36
> org.gnome.desktop.interface cursor-size 24
< com.ubuntu.user-interface scale-factor {'HDMI1': 8, 'eDP1': 12}
> com.ubuntu.user-interface scale-factor {'HDMI1': 8, 'eDP1': 16}

Those settings can be edited by hand with dconf-editor

This is very interesting in context with the about:config variable in Firefox: devPixelsPerPx that changes the size inside Firefox (see also: Why are all HTML form elements huge with a system-wide font-scale factor 2.0?)

Also, you can write a script to change the scale factor with these settings like /usr/local/bin/setscalefactor:

if [ "$1" == "1" ]; then
  # set scaling to x1.0
  gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface scaling-factor 1
  gsettings set com.ubuntu.user-interface scale-factor "{'HDMI1': 8, 'eDP1': 8}"
else
  # set scaling to x2.0
  gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface scaling-factor 2
  gsettings set com.ubuntu.user-interface scale-factor "{'HDMI1': 8, 'eDP1': 16}"
fi

additionally:

This doesn't scale the title bars and menu, but there is also unity-tweak-tool, where you can change the overall font-scaling.

Maybe that is an alternative you could use apart from the Scaling Support in System Settings


I just solved my problem: I thought wrong / just got confused.

nc returns 0 on success not on failure!
My script works fine now and I found the clue here => In bash 0 means true and 1 means false.


How to remove header bar after purge Ubuntu-gnome-desktop

Purge the gnome-shell. ubuntu-gnome-desktop is only a meta package and removes nothing.
After that, you should install Unity again, it could be broken.

Sample output

% sudo apt-get remove --purge ubuntu-gnome-desktop
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
  gnome-shell-extensions
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove it.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  ubuntu-gnome-desktop*

Purge gnome-shell with the command below

sudo apt-get purge gnome-shell

Sample output on my machine

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  cgmanager geoclue-ubuntu-geoip gnome-power-manager gnome-screensaver gsettings-ubuntu-schemas indicator-applet indicator-bluetooth indicator-datetime indicator-keyboard indicator-messages indicator-power indicator-session
  indicator-sound libaccount-plugin-1.0-0 libaccount-plugin-generic-oauth libaccount-plugin-google libaccounts-qt5-1 libcgmanager0 libfcitx-config4 libfcitx-gclient0 libfcitx-utils0 libjson0 liblightdm-gobject-1-0 libpanel-applet0
  libsignon-extension1 libsignon-plugins-common1 libsignon-qt5-1 libtimezonemap-data libtimezonemap1 libunity-settings-daemon1 liburl-dispatcher1 lightdm signon-keyring-extension signon-plugin-oauth2 signon-ui signon-ui-service
  signon-ui-x11 signond systemd-shim ubuntu-touch-sounds unity-control-center unity-control-center-signon unity-greeter unity-settings-daemon upstart upstart-bin
Suggested packages:
  click powerd unity-system-compositor unity-greeter-session-broadcast fcitx url-dispatcher lightdm-remote-session-freerdp lightdm-remote-session-uccsconfigure remote-login-service graphviz upstart-monitor
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  gdm* gnome-shell* gnome-shell-extensions* ubuntu-gnome-desktop*
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  cgmanager geoclue-ubuntu-geoip gnome-power-manager gnome-screensaver gsettings-ubuntu-schemas indicator-applet indicator-bluetooth indicator-datetime indicator-keyboard indicator-messages indicator-power indicator-session
  indicator-sound libaccount-plugin-1.0-0 libaccount-plugin-generic-oauth libaccount-plugin-google libaccounts-qt5-1 libcgmanager0 libfcitx-config4 libfcitx-gclient0 libfcitx-utils0 libjson0 liblightdm-gobject-1-0 libpanel-applet0
  libsignon-extension1 libsignon-plugins-common1 libsignon-qt5-1 libtimezonemap-data libtimezonemap1 libunity-settings-daemon1 liburl-dispatcher1 lightdm signon-keyring-extension signon-plugin-oauth2 signon-ui signon-ui-service
  signon-ui-x11 signond systemd-shim ubuntu-touch-sounds unity-control-center unity-control-center-signon unity-greeter unity-settings-daemon upstart upstart-bin


Is it possible to change the click behavior on the launchers? Left click on a launcher opens the right click menu

With a little creativity

You can make a left click on the launcher icon behave as a right click.

You mention you have five applications availbale on right-click. I assume you created or edited the quicklists (desktop files) yourself, and added the application shortcuts. I also assume you do not need or use its native command anymore, since it would result in a strange behaviour of the launcher; launching one application and at the same time offering a menu to choose another...

The solution I suggest uses the desktop file's native command to simulate right clicking on the icon.

The solution

The solution is icon specific, so not the general behaviour of the Unity Launcher will change, only of the icon of which you prepared the .desktop file.

Install xdotool, (it is in the repositories) with which you can simulate keyboard and mouse actions.
Then replace the desktop file's (first) Exec= line by:

Exec=xdotool click 3

Then, when you click on the icon in the launcher with left click, it behaves as right-click and shows you the quicklist items you created in the .desktop file.

Cosmetic difference with a "real" right-click

Usually, when you start an application by (left) clicking on its launcher, it is blinking for a few seconds, as a "time out" for the icon before you can reuse it. Although you can use items from the menu immediately, before you can reuse it, the icon has a time out of a few seconds just like it would have when starting an application from its native command. That would be a bit annoying if you would like to quickly start more than one application from the icon's shortcuts.

To limit the visual effect of the time out, you can set the desktop's StartupNotify=true to StartupNotify=false, so the "turning wheel" will not appear.


Can't make all my changes to partitions at once with gparted

When you do not see the key icon, you can modify a partition. The corollary is, you can't modify partitions while in use (the key icon).

You need to modify the partitions from outside the system; a Ubuntu, Xubuntu, Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Ubuntu Budgie, et al., LiveUSB will suffice. Boot from the Live USB then launch gParted. <-- Click for more detail.

Space you expand into must be adjacent.

With gparted, you define a change, then click on the green check mark above the bar graph, under the word Partition, to commit the change.

Do you see the pending changes to /dev/nvme0n1p3 and /dev/nvme0n1p2 in the bottom pane? Those are waiting for you to click on the check mark to be actually made.

Overlapping changes can't be made; you can't expand or move into space used by an existing partition, and must delete or shift that partition before its space becomes available. So, with gparted, often it's make a change-commit the change, make another change-commit the change; lather, rinse; repeat.

The gnome-disks GUI app, Disks, works differently; when you define a change, you also make it.  I like gparted better because it's more difficult to make a change which loses your data (not impossible, mind you, just more difficult).


How to see if no output from `ls *.xls` command?

First things first: Don't parse ls.

Now that we have got that out of the way, use globbing, alongwith nullglob:

shopt -s nullglob
for fullfile in "$myfullpath"/input/fedex*.xlsx
do
#.......
done

Usually with globbing, if * doesn't match anything it's left as is. With nullglob, it is replaced with nothing, so a false match isn't triggered.

For example:

$ bash -c 'a=(foo/*); echo ${a[@]}'
foo/*
$ bash -c 'shopt -s nullglob; a=(foo/*); echo ${a[@]}'

$


Unable to log-in to Phpmyadmin using Ubuntu 14.4

Can you able to access mysql from command line. If no, you can reset your mysql root password, by using the below command.

service mysql stop
echo "UPDATE mysql.user SET Password = PASSWORD('mypassword') WHERE User = 'root';" > ~/mysql-reset.sql
echo "FLUSH PRIVILEGES;" >> ~/mysql-reset.sql
sudo chown mysql:mysql ~/mysql-reset.sql
mysqld_safe --init-file=~/mysql-reset.sql & rm ~/mysql-reset.sql # confirm it works
mysql --user=root --password=mypassword > quit;
service mysql stop
service mysql start


Is it possible to install Windows APPS (Specifically, Xbox Console Companion) using Wine or an equivalent?

Some applications work.
Some applications don't.
See https://appdb.winehq.org/ for the list of reported applications that have been tested with Wine.


I had a similar issue once with getting the set screen resolution to stick between reboots.
I had to create a config file in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.
Please correct me if I'm wrong, but IIRC the default behaviour (At least on my system in question) of the X-server is to autoconfigure itself on every boot, and basicly ignoring any config files unless it is explicitly told to read them.


Howto perform OpenStack upgrade from Essex to Folsom on juju maas

Finally i found a solution. For the interested i will bring my solution here:

To update from Essex to Folsom we want to use the Ubuntu Cloud Archive. That unfortunatly is not possible at the moment by default in MaaS. It has been reported as a bug. I realized this after debugging the hooks in the nova-cloud-controller charm, which is one of the charms giving errors when updating.

To enable cloud repositories on MaaS do the following:

Go edit /etc/squid-deb-proxy/mirror_dstdomain.acl,
line 14:
and change the line

archive.canonical.com

To

.archive.canonical.com

This solves the problem and changing openstack-orign on each charm from distro to cloud:precise-folsom will update from essex to folsom!


Two reasons:

The calculations are per-core. So if you have a dual-core system then the maximum will be 200%.
You will not necessarily see all processes which are using your CPU in System Monitor, so the CPU usage might be below 100% for each processor.

Furthermore it is unusual for 100% of any processor to be in use. See the resources tab for the total in use per processor.


I had a similar issue. Follow the steps given here. I'm sure it'll fix it.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

Comment if you have more questions.


How do I find out which boot loader I have?

If you have the /etc/lilo.conf file then you are using LILO (LInux LOader)
This means that if you type lilo for example you should see the command dialog for the lilo booter.

If you have the /boot/grub/ directory then you are using GRUB (Grand Unified Boot Loader)
This means that you should be able to use all the grub file like grub-install,grub-reboot...

Ubuntu 9.10 was the first version to use GRUB2 https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DualBoot/Grub

UPDATE:

Here is a script to check inside the first sector of the hard drive for what boot manager it is using:

Assuming your hard drive is at SDA then:

sudo dd if=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1 2>/dev/null | strings | grep -Eoi 'grub|lilo|acronis|reboot'

will tell you which bootloader you are using.

You can imagine the rest...
The list of boot loaders is here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_boot_loaders  and http://wiki.debian.org/BootLoader (For Debian based distros)
Also if you want to SEE the real binary output then add -a to the grep part. For example:

sudo dd if=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1 2>&1 | grep -a GRUB which will show you the data in that first block.

Now with this new information you HAVE to find the boot manager you are using.


How to extract video, audio and subtitles files from an MKV file

this will extract out the audio from a mkv file

ffmpeg -i /tmp/dolbycanyon.m4v -vn -acodec copy /tmp/dolbycanyon.aac

prior to running above you could show details of the input video file

ffprobe  /tmp/dolbycanyon.m4v

# ... output

Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from '/tmp/dolbycanyon.m4v':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : M4V
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1
    encoder         : Lavf57.66.105
  Duration: 00:00:38.07, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 663 kb/s
    Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 720x480 [SAR 8:9 DAR 4:3], 313 kb/s, 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 30k tbn, 59.94 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
    Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 48000 Hz, 5.1, fltp, 341 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler

resultant output audio details are shown here

ffprobe  /tmp/dolbycanyon.aac

ffprobe version 4.2.1-2ubuntu1 Copyright (c) 2007-2019 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 9 (Ubuntu 9.2.1-21ubuntu1)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version=2ubuntu1 --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --arch=amd64 --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --disable-filter=resample --enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libjack --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg --enable-librubberband --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-lv2 --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
  libavutil      56. 31.100 / 56. 31.100
  libavcodec     58. 54.100 / 58. 54.100
  libavformat    58. 29.100 / 58. 29.100
  libavdevice    58.  8.100 / 58.  8.100
  libavfilter     7. 57.100 /  7. 57.100
  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
  libswscale      5.  5.100 /  5.  5.100
  libswresample   3.  5.100 /  3.  5.100
  libpostproc    55.  5.100 / 55.  5.100
[aac @ 0x563336f5cc40] Estimating duration from bitrate, this may be inaccurate
Input #0, aac, from '/home/pie/Downloads/dolbycanyon.aac':
  Duration: 00:00:41.70, bitrate: 313 kb/s
    Stream #0:0: Audio: aac (LC), 48000 Hz, 5.1, fltp, 313 kb/s


Open Software Center and go to edit > software sources

Under the Ubuntu Software tab, select the Download from option to Main Server:

Under the Other Software tab, enable the following sources:
- Canonical Partners
- Canonical Partners (Source Code)
- Independent
- Independent (Source Code)

Run sudo apt-get update again and try re-installing your package.

Source


error when updating paper theme in ubuntu 18.04

The problem was that I using paper cursor.theme at the time of installing, as a result, it was throwing an error that It cannot overwrite it. just changed the cursor theme to something else, then update, it will now get installed.


I have the same issue with the nvidia-319 driver but I have discovered a workaround that is not too annoying for me. When it freezes, press Ctrl+Alt+F1 (this will bring up a tty login screen) then press Ctrl+Alt+F7 which will take you back to your GUI).

There is no need to login on the tty screen, just go Ctrl+Alt+F1 then immeadiately Ctrl+Alt+F7.


If you look at the Pear package https://pear.phpdoc.org/, you will notice that the official package is based on version 2.8.5. This version doesn't support PHP7.0 syntax.

The project has released version 2.9.0 in May and if you want to install it, you'll need to get the version from Github. For example (go into the release tab so as to get the last one) :

wget https://github.com/phpDocumentor/phpDocumentor2/releases/download/v2.9.0/phpDocumentor.phar

Then, you need to follow the manual (Using the PHAR, except that you will replace the one from phpdoc.org by the one from Github)

Download the phar file from http://phpdoc.org/phpDocumentor.phar, or from a release listed on github
Move the file with sudo to your bin directory: sudo mv phpDocumentor.phar /usr/local/bin/phpdoc
Ensure the file has execute rights: sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/phpdoc
Confirm it runs (you may have to restart your SSH session if you're connecting remotely first) by running phpdoc --version from any directory.


Nautilus doesn't mount in Xmonad: Not authorized to perform operation

Open Disks from Dash

Choose the desired disk/partition

Edit Mount Options

Uncheck require additional authorization


You can also make an sh script that reads input, inserts it into the command and runs it. I would upload a file like that for you, but I do not have access to my computer.


I think the images are being copied in the background. Sometimes, it shows copying process is completed in the progress bar, but it's not.

Also, the amount of data seems to be large and it will take time. I suggest you to try:

Copying small amount of data (like 50 or 100 images) first.
Using a different port like USB 2.0 (if already on 3.0).

Try the disk utility application. There is an option for powering off the device on upper right side.

Edit: Install indicator-multiload to have real-time view of what's going on behind the scene.


Problems while  installing Ubuntu 12.04 64 & 32 bits from LiveCd

The problem is occurring at the graphical window where you are asked if you want to Try Ubuntu or Install Ubuntu. Assuming you've made sure the installation media is good, the next thing you might want to try doing is just skipping that window altogether.

If you hold down the Shift key when you see the keyboard and person icons at the bottom of the purple boot screen, you'll get a menu. (This is the same menu where you may have selected "Check disc for defects.")

Select Try Ubuntu without installing from that menu. This should give you a desktop, without ever giving you the ubiquity-dm window where you are asked graphically to choose.

There are two ways to choose between Try Ubuntu and Install Ubuntu. One is graphically--the GUI loads, and gives you the choice in a window. That functionality is provided by a program called ubiquity-dm. It looks like the problem might be with that. The other way is to prevent ubiquity-dm from ever showing that window, by choosing which you want before the GUI loads. That's what you're doing when you press Shift and select Try Ubuntu without installing (or Install Ubuntu) from the non-graphical boot menu.

If that works, you can use Ubuntu from the live CD, and you can install it by double-clicking on the Install Ubuntu icon on the desktop or in the Unity launcher (the vertical bar on the left side of the screen).


Use fingerprint authentication not only for login

Run

sudo pam-auth-update

And use the space bar to enable Fingerprint authentication in the dialog:


How do I make a PC .local instead of IP?

Installing and running Avahi will make it visible via Zeroconf, which means that other machines on the LAN that use Zeroconf will be able to access it as <hostname>.local.


From my experience. Trackpad works with Linux 3.18 and up. Ubuntu 15.04 comes with it (which is upgraded to 3.19).

You may want to upgrade, or find repositories with debian version of the Kernel and install it your current ubuntu


That URL gives an error with curl too:

curl -i http://www.fox.com/
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: AkamaiGHost
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 260
Cache-Control: max-age=3600
Date: Thu, 06 Dec 2012 20:17:17 GMT
Connection: close

<TITLE>Access Denied</TITLE>

Access Denied

You don't have permission to access "http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;fox&#46;com&#47;" on this server.

Reference&#32;&#35;18&#46;2fa2f5cc&#46;1354825037&#46;8323a81

Apparently the site is doing some weird user agent sniffing. Passing a Firefox user agent seems to work:

curl -i -A 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:17.0) Gecko/17.0 Firefox/17.0' http://www.fox.com/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache
Content-Length: 70647
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
X-FarmName: www.fox.com
X-FarmAddr: 10.96.57.103
Cache-Control: max-age=3600
Date: Thu, 06 Dec 2012 20:22:58 GMT
Connection: keep-alive

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

        <title>FOX Broadcasting Company - FOX Television Shows</title>


Try the following

sudo apt install php7.3-curl curl

service nginx restart && sevice php7.3-fpm restart


sudo killall chrome

sudo pkill -9 -f chrome


Tweaking Remote Control (In-Kernel LIRC)

Remote's Play button is consumed by media-keys plugin for gnome-settings-daemon. To disable it and allow MythTV receiving the event, do:

$ gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys active false

Also you will want to disable/uninstall xfce4-volumed to prevent it from trapping XF86AudioLowerVolume, XF86AudioRaiseVolume and XF86AudioMute.

You may want to re-map some window manager keys too (e.g. in my case Ctrl+Alt+D is used to start Live TV, while xfwm4 uses that for show_desktop action). This can be done in "Settings > Window Manager", "Keyboard" tab.

Additionally you can enable the "Mouse" control to send keyboard events using the mythtv-mouse2kbd.py script I described in my blog post.


Wireless is not working on my lenovo E4430 having ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Realtek 8723BE802.11n PCI wireless). There is no icon to enable wireless

Yes, I know this problem at another Lenovo. The small radio-card under a cover at the backside was "dead". It was cheaper to use a Wifi-dongle on a USB-port than to buy a new Wifi-card. Ubuntu works fine with it.


Ubuntu server network auto configuration failed

You are using the same IP address on both the host and the guest, which is incorrect.  When running a VM, you must either used routed networking, in which case your gateway in the guest is an IP address configured on the bridge on the host; or you use bridged networking, in which case the guest's gateway is some address reachable on the bridge which may or may not be on the host.


DD-WRT is a Linux router firmware specifically designed for routing purposes and to be use in routers.

It was never meant to be installed has an primary OS for your computer or as an application you can run out of it, even tough the tools that are used in it are open source and will run in any major Linux distribution.

Please see the list of supported devices here.

You can turn Ubuntu in to a router / firewall solution but that will consume time and you will probably have to learn a lot before you can learn how to use it as such. There are many distributions out there that already to that for you from which I can personally recommend

pfSense
M0n0walll
ClearOS

For an updated list of distributions that you could use to transform your computer in to a router / firewall solution there is also a Wikipedia page that has a lot of options for you.

In short: No, you cannot install DD-wrt in to your computer or even use it as an application inside Ubuntu.


To update all certificates do:

    sudo update-ca-certificates -f


Is there any Checkinstall alternative since its too old?

Checkinstall is up-to-date.

The correct link is http://checkinstall.izto.org/ with Recent news
from Dec 30th, 2016 and it is shown on https://packages.ubuntu.com/focal/checkinstall :

$ apt-cache show checkinstall | grep Homepage
Homepage: http://checkinstall.izto.org

And git repository is also fresh:

$ git clone http://checkinstall.izto.org/checkinstall.git
$ cd checkinstall/
$ git log | head -n3
commit d24a630501a9aba5d53de2dcb3d9aa66edd3fe06
Author: Felipe Eduardo Sanchez Diaz Duran <antispam>
Date:   Wed Apr 26 17:37:50 2017 -0500


Insufficient quota exists to complete the operation, net ads join

By default, an authenticated account can only join 10 machines to a domain so either the limit has to be increased or the account used needs to have create/delete computer objects rights on the container the machines are going into.

It's all explained here: http://atherbeg.com/2017/02/23/error-insufficient-quota-exists-to-complete-the-operation/


There was a problem with the /etc/init.d/maia script. This script is actually copied from the amavisd-new script, so eventually I found this: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/amavisd-new/1:2.6.5-0ubuntu3.1

Basically, remove the use of the --name flag when stopping the service. So, change:

STOP="--stop --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --name ${DAEMONNAME}"

To:

STOP="--stop --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE"


How to fix dark theme issues with Firefox

I fix them for me with a custom stylesheet for Firefox. Leave a custom style with the name userContent.css in the directory ~/.mozilla/firefox/<custom-key>.default/chrome/. You should also add the directory chrome, important with lowercase. Use the css code below to fix them for different input fields. The result is like the image below.

If you have trouble to find your folder for leave this stylesheet read this answer.

Copy the follow source to the custom stylesheet file userContent.css.

input {
  border: 2px inset white;
  background-color: white;
  color: black;
  -moz-appearance: none !important;
}

textarea {
  border: 2px inset white;
  background-color: white;
  color: black;
  -moz-appearance: none !important;
}

select {
  border: 2px inset white;
  background-color: white;
  color: black;
  -moz-appearance: none !important;
}

input[type="radio"],
input[type="checkbox"] {
  border: 2px inset white !important;
  background-color: white !important;
  color: ThreeDFace !important;
  -moz-appearance: none !important;
}

*|*::-moz-radio {
  background-color: white;
  -moz-appearance: none !important;
}

button,
input[type="reset"],
input[type="button"],
input[type="submit"] {
  border: 2px outset white;
  background-color: #eee;
  color: black;
  -moz-appearance: none !important;
}

body {
  background-color: white;
  color: black;
  display: block;
  margin: 8px;
  -moz-appearance: none !important;
}

If you face any problem on radio button or checkbox, after adding this CSS file, just remove -moz-appearance: none !important


Ubuntu Phone hangs when receiving a text-message (sms)

Here is a bug report on launchpad.net:
Shell not responsive after an incoming SMS or call notification
Which seems identical to your issue here.

It's opened against Meizu MX4, but user reported that it's also affecting BQ E4.5 (comment #2).

Please click on the "This bug affects # people. Does this bug affect you?" string and subscribe to this bug to get updated on this issue.


In bash, is there a way I can make shorter (if or) statements?

It looks like a bug in your code, but we can refactor it down really small...

If you had really written your expression with [ foo = bar -o foo = car -o foo = jar -o foo = foo ], then it could've been simplified to:

echo yes

This test is always true because foo = foo is always true, which in turn is because the literal string foo is always the same as itself.

Though you've clarified this syntax didn't appear in code you were really using, I've kept this introductory section as it's a common mistake to do so, especially among novices. Attempting to check the value of foo this way doesn't work in any Bourne-style shell--to examine the value of a variable with [, you must perform parameter expansion with $ (see below). This particular aspect of the problem is not shell-specific; for example, here's a test in 7 Bourne-style shells.

Fixing the Original Code

Perhaps instead you meant to check the value of the foo variable (i.e., its contents, rather than its name) against those strings. In that case, your original code would become like:

if [ "$foo" = bar -o "$foo" = car -o "$foo" = jar -o "$foo" = foo ]; then
    echo yes
fi

This can be shortened slightly with the short-circuit && operator:

[ "$foo" = bar -o "$foo" = car -o "$foo" = jar -o "$foo" = foo ] && echo yes

But it's still longer and more complicated and repetitive than you probably prefer. So, moving on...

Shorter Forms via Pattern Matching

You can use the [[ facility's built-in regular expression matching operator:

[[ $foo =~ ^(bar|car|jar|foo)$ ]] && echo yes

While using case is probably the most common way, [[ with =~ is:

the same length as a compact use of case (see below)
arguably truer to the logic of your original code, in that it uses [[, which works much like a test expression.

So you might prefer that. It's the method I would probably use, to do this in bash.

If you wanted to do something like that but match using grep instead of [[ with =~, this is similar:

grep -Eq '^(bar|car|jar|foo)$' <<< "$foo" && echo yes

Or this:

grep -Fqe{bar,car,jar,foo} <<< "$foo" && echo yes

A One-Liner with case

As Serg says, can be simplified using case instead of if and [. That's the classic and probably the most common way.

The method in Serg's answer works perfectly well, but for the particular code you're refactoring, we can write something simpler, by using only one pattern for case. There is no need to have a catch-all *) match at the end. If the string doesn't match any of the patterns, control simply falls through the case construct and no commands are executed, which is equivalent to your if construct with no else.

case $foo in bar|car|jar|foo) echo yes;; esac

That makes it short and simple enough to easily fit--and be readable--on a single line (which seems to be what you're looking for). This method is also portable to Bourne-style shells other than bash.


Error: BrokenCount >0 Ubuntu Error PLEASE HELP

Your output indicates a corrupted package.

In fact, your output tells you exactly which package.

Delete the corrupt package:

    sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18_2.28.2-0ubuntu0.18.04.1_amd64.deb

Then run sudo apt install -f again.


How can I suspend using a keyboard shortcut, without administrator privileges?

For Ubuntu 15.04. and later you can use from the terminal

systemctl suspend

Then create a shortcut in the settings/keyboard app with the same command.

Easy!

Reason: Ubuntu switched from upstart to systemd.


Making calls through the smartphone using the PC

I think I understand what you mean. I've got Ubuntu 12.10 and by instaling AirDroid, you can access and control your mobile phone from your desktop.
There are two modes:

One using a central site where you conect and.. bla bla, we guys don't care... but works ok!!

The other one is by using mobile phone IP granted by your Wi Fi network, open web broswser on PC and type http://phoneIPaddress:8888  This way your browser will handle the phone... voila

Installing

To install AirDroid go to GooglePlay, install it to your android
device,

Run it from your device and copy the IP showed on your
screen

On your desktop web browser, type:
http://IP:8888
This will open the android screen, that is all.

I recomend using bluetooth headseat for phone calls, this way the PC initiate the call the rest is between the phone and the bluetooth headset.  Got one from amazon for less than U$5 and headset cost me around U$30, the more expensive headset were really disappointing.
Hope this helps.


I had the same problem, and had to find the correct buttons by trial and error (cfr. this blog post of mine for the whole story). It was the only solution I found.

I filed a bug report related to this issue here: #274 Azerty keyboard/modifiers treated as (weird) QWERTY on Sourceforge. As mentioned there, possibly this issue has been fixed in the xsetwacom 0.29 release (haven't tested this).


How do I remove the Guest Session option from the shutdown menu?

One way is to remove the gdm-guest-session package:

Open software center and search for gdm-guest-session and uninstall it.

Or from the command line:

sudo apt-get remove gdm-guest-session


How to get rid of the launcher in Unity?

What you are looking for is a new session that uses the dock alone. I believe then what you need is cairo-dock. It will install a new session that you can select from your login screen, which allows you to use a dock-only session (so the Unity launcher and panel will not show up there).

When you login to the computer, there will be a button with the Ubuntu logo next to your name (don't enter your password yet).

Click this button and you will get a list of "sessions" that you can log in to. Choose Cairo-dock, and then enter your password and hit enter. You will not login to a Cairo-Dock session from now on.


Disk failure is imminent (laptop hard drive, ~5 months old)

If your hard drive has problems with SMART and fails to run tests you need to replace it, and soon. EXT4 didn't kill your hard drive, it had some kind of physical damage.

This link contains some information on cloning a hard drive, though I would suggest if possible you find a professional to help you (since it is a damaged - laptop - hard drive.) If you don't want to go that route you can use an external drive, get a new internal drive (install ubuntu on it) and copy your data to the external -> and then to the new drive.


I tried to install vagrant but failed due to dependency problems with libarchive13

There appears to be an open bug for this: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/vagrant/+bug/1503565
User Matthew Giassa (mgiassa) from that page has a potential workaround:

Matthew Giassa (mgiassa) wrote on 2016-10-07:
Recently encountered this issue on Ubuntu 16.04.1 on 4.4.0-38-generic
#57-Ubuntu SMP.
Seems the build label in libarchive13 is either incorrect, or
bsdtar is expecting the wrong version.
I was able to fix this via:

apt-get download bsdtar mkdir temp_out dpkg-deb -R

bsdtar_3.1.2-11build1_amd64.deb temp_out

# Modify the "control file in temp_out/DEBIAN, changed version from "3.1.2-11build1" to "3.2.1-2~ubuntu16.04.1." Save, close.

dpkg-deb -b temp_out FIXED_bsdtar.deb

sudo dpkg -i ./FIXED_bsdtar.deb

Afterwards, I was able to successfully install and use vagrant via:
"sudo apt-get install vagrant". The only downside to this approach is
I'll eventually have to resolve this manually when the bsdtar package
is actually fixed.

This probably isn't great as a long-term solution, so you may want to just download vagrant for the moment until the bug is patched.


Setting up virtual environment using conda but using pip inside it

Yes, that is possible but is not clear what is your problem.

Conda by default, when you install python in the environment install also pip.

Create your environment for conda packages.

conda create -n conda_test -y python3.6
conda activate cond_test
conda install -y numpy

Create your environment for pip packages.

conda create -n pip_test -y python3.6
conda activate pip_test
pip install numpy


How to open multi terminal on Ubuntu server?

By default Ubuntu has 7 ttys, on Server they are all command line (desktop the 7th is for X use)
You can switch between then using Ctrl + Alt + F1 to Ctrl + Alt + F7

This would allow you run your script in 7 different sessions.

You can also background processes by starting them as normal, but appending an & to the end e.g.

yourscript.sh &

If your script does not terminate itself you will need to locate the pid and kill it (https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/104821/how-to-stop-a-background-process for more detail on killing)


Not able to install Mongodb server in Ubuntu 20.10

Mongodb was dropped from Debian and Ubuntu after 20.04.
The upstream project apparently changed their license, and it is no longer compatible with Debian or Ubuntu.
Reference: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=915537#15


Stuck in emergency mod, I tried something to get out, it get worse

Julien, thanks for making the question a bit clearer. So I understand you removed the UUID of your root partition in /etc/fstab and are having trouble adding it back in revcovery mode.

There seems to be a problem with your recovery mode as you don't seem to have write acces and for some reason are being kicked out after a while - both of these things shouldn't happen.

Therefore I'd advise you to boot off a Ubuntu USB drive. Mount the root partition of your install using Gnome Disks. (Super and typing disks should pull up the right app.) In Gnome Disks you can also find out the UUID of the partition. Then edit fstab accordingly.

Note that the fstab file you need to edit won't be at /etc/fstab in the live Ubuntu session. Instead you'll find it on the partion you installed Ubuntu to, so somewhere at /media/ubuntu/<UUID of your partition>/etc/fstab.

Good luck!


What are the steps to modify a filesystem (say XFS)?

Try the following:

First install some dependencies, the ncurses-dev is only needed if you want to use make menuconfig

sudo apt-get install build-essential ncurses-dev

Create some folder for the source, then download the kernel source. The folder linux-lts-quantal-3.5.0 is the right one for my kernel, you might change that depending on your environment. I just tested it with 12.04 LTS.

mkdir /home/<user>/kernel/
apt-get source linux-image-`uname -r`
cp /boot/config-`uname -r` /home/<user>/kernel/linux-lts-quantal-3.5.0/.config
cp /usr/src/linux-headers-`uname -r`/Module.symvers /home/<user>/kernel/linux-lts-quantal-3.5.0/

Now you should be able to build the kernel or modules:

cd /home/<user>/kernel/linux-lts-quantal-3.5.0/
make prepare
make driver/<something>.ko

For building xfs you would then run make modules SUBDIRS=fs/xfs/.

That should be all!

Good luck!


X configuration, dpms in one of two monitors

I tried many times and didn't get any result, but in the end I know it's impossible thanks to the x.org mailing list


How can I get Google Chrome + Authy app to stick on my desktop?

Try installing chrome from terminal. It's easy. Open the Downloads folder (or where you downloaded the crhome deb file) and Right Click, Select "Open in Terminal". A Terminal Window will be display.

Write this command and Press Enter:

sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-current_amd64.deb

It will prompt you to enter password. Enter your password and Press Enter.
Make sure you have admin(sudo) privileges.


Is there a terminal command that will click the mouse?

Yes there is xdotool. xdotool is a automation tool from X11. To install it type

sudo apt-get install xdotool

To click the mouse via terminal command type:

xdotool click <button>

where button is 1 for left mouse button, 2 for middle, 3 for right, 4 for wheel up and 5 for wheel down.

So a click with the left mouse button is:

xdotool click 1

To move the mouse to a specific position on the screen type

xdotool mousemove 120 100

So the mouse is moved 120 pixels right and 100 pixels down from the top left corner of the screen.

If you want to use this in a cron job (to repeat this every x minutes), don't forget to populate the $DISPLAY environment variable in your crontab.


In the habit of Gnome applications, Cheese stores its configuration data in the dconf configuration system rather than in plain files.
To access that, you could use a GUI program called dconf-editor from the package dconf-tools :
sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

Cheese uses the /apps/cheese /org/gnome/cheese(since 14.04) gconf path:

You could easily play with the settings (they all typically have well-documented schemata displayed in the bottom of the dconf-editor window), and, ultimately, wipe the  settings clean by resetting the values to defaults (non-defaults are highlighted with bold font as you can see on my screenshot).

Besides dconf-editor, you can also do this from the command line:
gsettings reset-recursively org.gnome.Cheese:/apps/cheese
UPD since I don't know when, that gives an error:

Schema “org.gnome.Cheese” is not relocatable (path must not be specified)

Which simply asks to call it without the /apps/cheese path, like this:
gsettings reset-recursively org.gnome.Cheese


Windows not working after setting up dual boot on Dell Inspiron 5570

I had the same problem as you... First of all: Are you messing with Veracrypt? Then this solution doesn't apply to you.
At the beginning I suggest to update grub in case of it has old definitions... (But this could also make the matter worse...)
It is obvious that your Windows-Bootloader is broken. ("Always point out the obvious.") If you mean with fixboot the following, then it could and should help.

You've already gotten to the CMD of Windows, so try out the following:

bootrec /fixmbr
bootrec /fixboot
bootrec /rebuildBcD

If that doesn't work: try bootrec /ScanOsIf it doesn't find your Windows, you're in huge problems(that was mine...) So you see the Volume E, on this is the Efi bootloader. Switch to this partition in CMD and retry. And then follow this : https://superuser.com/questions/949219/how-to-fix-the-windows-10-boot-loader-from-windows solution.

If that all failes, I advise: Save all necessary data and reinstall windows, on the same partition. Because the chance of sucess is not that high anymore and even if you're sucessfull probably not worth the work...

But no matter what, at the end you should use update-grubto bring GRUB up-to-date...

I wish you luck, that you don't have to reinstall windows.


Should I install these Ubuntu-Mate packages?

Just find out whether they contain anything interesting for you yourself by using the command-line:

To read the general package description and the direct dependencies and recommended (automatically installed as well) packages:
  apt show PACKAGENAME

To find out exactly what would happen if you install it (e.g. which other packages will get installed as dependencies):
  apt install --simulate PACKAGENAME

Here are the important parts of the apt show outputs for you:
mate-desktop-environment:
 This package installs the standard set of applications that are
 part of the official MATE release.
 .
 It also suggests a few non-MATE standard desktop applications like an
 internet browser, a mail reader and a network management applet.

It will install the packages atril, desktop-base OR ubuntu-wallpapers, engrampa, eom, ffmpegthumbnailer, galculator, mate-applets, mate-icon-theme-faenza, mate-media, mate-notification-daemon, mate-power-manager, mate-screensaver, mate-system-monitor, mate-themes, mate-user-guide, mate-utils, pluma
mate-desktop-environment-extra:
 Depends: mate-desktop-environment-extras (= 1.12.0+1)
 [...]
 This package (mate-desktop-environment-extra) is a dummy package and can be
 safely removed.

So this package's only purpose is to install mate-desktop-environment-extras - it's only an alias name if you want to call it like that.
mate-desktop-environment-extras:
 This package installs an extra set of MATE components that are
 also part of the official MATE release.

It will install the packages blueman, caja-gksu, caja-image-converter, caja-open-terminal, caja-sendto, caja-share, caja-wallpaper, dconf-editor, gnome-keyring, mate-gnome-main-menu-applet, mate-netspeed, mate-sensors-applet, mate-user-share, mozo, yelp
ubuntu-mate-desktop:
Description: Ubuntu MATE - full desktop
 This package is the Ubuntu MATE desktop environment.
 .
 It is safe to remove this package if some of these packages are not desired.

It will install these packages:
a11y-profile-manager-indicator
account-plugin-facebook
account-plugin-flickr
account-plugin-google
accountsservice
acpid
alsa-base
alsa-utils
anacron
apport
apport-gtk
apport-symptoms
apturl
at-spi2-core
atril
avahi-autoipd
avahi-discover
avahi-dnsconfd
avahi-utils
bc
blueman
brasero
brasero-cdrkit
brltty
brltty-x11
ca-certificates
caja
caja-gksu
caja-open-terminal
caja-sendto
caja-wallpaper
cheese
colord
compiz
compiz-core
compiz-mate
compiz-plugins
compiz-plugins-default
crda
cups-browsed
cups-core-drivers
cups-filters-core-drivers
cups-pk-helper
cups-ppdc
dconf-cli
dconf-editor
deja-dup
deja-dup-backend-cloudfiles
deja-dup-backend-gvfs
deja-dup-backend-s3
deja-dup-caja
dialog
dmz-cursor-theme
engrampa
eom
espeak
ethtool
exfat-fuse
exfat-utils
ffmpegthumbnailer
firefox
folder-color-caja
fonts-dejavu-core
fonts-freefont-ttf
fonts-liberation
fonts-nanum
fonts-noto
fonts-noto-cjk
fonts-noto-mono
fonts-noto-unhinted
fonts-opendyslexic
foomatic-db-compressed-ppds
galculator
gdb
gdebi
gdisk
genisoimage
ghostscript
ghostscript-x
gksu
gnome-disk-utility
gnome-keyring
gnome-orca
gnome-session-canberra
gnome-system-tools
grub2-themes-ubuntu-mate
gstreamer1.0-alsa
gstreamer1.0-plugins-base
gstreamer1.0-plugins-good
gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio
gstreamer1.0-tools
gstreamer1.0-x
gucharmap
gufw
gvfs
gvfs-backends
gvfs-fuse
hddtemp
hexchat
hwdata
ideviceinstaller
ifuse
im-config
indicator-application-gtk2
indicator-sound-gtk2
inputattach
inxi
iproute
iputils-arping
iso-codes
iw
language-selector-gnome
libaacs0
libaccount-plugin-generic-oauth
libaccount-plugin-google
libavahi-compat-libdnssd1
libbdplus0
libbluray-bdj
libbluray-bin
libbluray1
libcanberra-gtk-module
libcanberra-gtk3-module
libcanberra-pulse
libdvdnav4
libdvdread4
libegl1-mesa-drivers
libfile-mimeinfo-perl
libgpod-common
libimobiledevice-utils
libmtp-runtime
libnet-dbus-perl
libnotify-bin
libp11-kit-gnome-keyring
libpam-gnome-keyring
libpaper-utils
libplist-utils
libproxy1-plugin-gsettings
libproxy1-plugin-networkmanager
libpurple-bin
libqt5libqgtk2
libreoffice-avmedia-backend-gstreamer
libreoffice-calc
libreoffice-gnome
libreoffice-impress
libreoffice-ogltrans
libreoffice-pdfimport
libreoffice-style-human
libreoffice-writer
librsvg2-common
libsasl2-modules
libtopmenu-client-gtk2-0
libtopmenu-client-gtk3-0
libtopmenu-server-gtk2-0
libtopmenu-server-gtk3-0
libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0
libwmf0.2-7-gtk
libx11-protocol-perl
lightdm
lightdm-gtk-greeter
lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings
marco
mate-accessibility-profiles
mate-applet-topmenu
mate-applets
mate-desktop-environment-core
mate-dock-applet
mate-gnome-main-menu-applet
mate-icon-theme
mate-icon-theme-faenza
mate-indicator-applet
mate-media
mate-menu
mate-menus
mate-netbook
mate-netspeed
mate-notification-daemon
mate-optimus
mate-polkit
mate-power-manager
mate-screensaver
mate-sensors-applet
mate-settings-daemon
mate-system-monitor
mate-terminal
mate-themes
mate-tweak
mate-user-guide
mate-utils
memtest86+
mobile-broadband-provider-info
modemmanager
mozo
network-manager
network-manager-gnome
network-manager-pptp-gnome
ntp
onboard
onboard-data
openprinting-ppds
pidgin
pidgin-libnotify
pidgin-otr
pinentry-gtk2
plank
pluma
plymouth-theme-ubuntu-mate-logo
plymouth-theme-ubuntu-mate-text
pm-utils
ppa-purge
printer-driver-gutenprint
printer-driver-hpcups
printer-driver-pnm2ppa
printer-driver-postscript-hp
pulseaudio-module-bluetooth
pulseaudio-module-x11
pulseaudio-utils
python3-aptdaemon
python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets
python3-aptdaemon.pkcompat
qt4-qtconfig
rfkill
rhythmbox
rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder
rhythmbox-plugins
rtkit
samba-common-bin
sane-utils
seahorse
sessioninstaller
shotwell
simple-scan
smbclient
software-properties-gtk
speech-dispatcher
synapse
syslinux-utils
system-config-printer-gnome
system-config-printer-udev
thunderbird
tilda
tlp
tlp-rdw
topmenu-gtk-common
topmenu-gtk2
topmenu-gtk3
toshset
transmission-gtk
ubuntu-drivers-common
ubuntu-mate-artwork
ubuntu-mate-core
ubuntu-mate-default-settings
ubuntu-mate-libreoffice-draw-icons
ubuntu-mate-lightdm-theme
ubuntu-mate-welcome
ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk
ubuntu-sounds
unity-control-center-faces
unzip
update-manager
update-notifier
usb-creator-gtk
usb-modeswitch
usbmuxd
vbetool
vlc
vlc-plugin-notify
whoopsie
wireless-tools
wpasupplicant
x11-utils
x11-xserver-utils
xbitmaps
xbrlapi
xcursor-themes
xdg-user-dirs
xdg-user-dirs-gtk
xdg-utils
xkb-data
xorg
xserver-xorg
xserver-xorg-input-all
xserver-xorg-video-all
xterm
xul-ext-calendar-timezones
xul-ext-gdata-provider
xul-ext-lightning
xul-ext-ubufox
xzoom
yelp
zenity
zip


Can't login to User profile on Ubuntu 12.04

Got the problem, found the answer :

Log into your account using a terminal, which you can reach using Ctrl + Alt + F2.
Look at the permissions for your .Xauthority file, using ls -la ~/.Xauthority.

It needs to be readable and writeable by your user :

-rw------- 1 you yourgroup .Xauthority

(usually, group and user are the same for regular users)

If your permissions are invalid, you can apply a fix by doing :

chown you:yourgroup ~/.Xauthority
chmod 600 ~/.Xauthority

Then go back to your display manager with Ctrl + Alt + F7, and try again !
If it still fails, have a look a your X11 logs, and share : cat /var/log/Xorg.log.0 | tail -n50


Ubuntu 12.04 caused Dell d620 wireless to not work

I'm going to go a completely different route on this answer.  I have had 7 old Dell workhorse laptops ( 600, 610, 620, 6000 all still in use by family and friends) and all running Ubuntu.  The first thing I do with all of them is go to Ebay and order the Intel wireless card that was an option (they all had one).  I decided it was just easier to never ever have to worry about a driver or upgrade again.  I have never paid more than $10 shipped and it seems well worth it. They swap out with a small philips screw driver in about 5 minutes. This answer won't get your running this afternoon so don't expect it to be accepted but as a long term solution I highly recommend it.


How to update Chrome version 81 to lastest version 85 in Ubuntu 20.04

Try this:
Setup key with:
wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -

Setup repository with:
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list'

Setup package with:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install google-chrome-stable

Package                 Version
google-chrome-beta      86.0.4240.42-1
google-chrome-unstable  87.0.4263.3-1
google-chrome-unstable  87.0.4259.3-1
google-chrome-beta      86.0.4240.30-1
google-chrome-stable    85.0.4183.102-1


Try the option own_window_hints='below'. I just removed that from my config file and it put my conky display overtop anything below it (and hence I can't "click-through").


Removing highlight in Foxit Reader after saving the document

Step 1: Select Hand tool from Home menu.

Step 2: Right click on the highlighted part and select DELETE.

I have just tested it in my computer.


How to automate the installation of a LAMP server with Administration Panel Webmin/Virtualmin

For those who are interested to automate the installation of a Linux Ubuntu server process (all versions) or Debian GNU / Linux, is available to the community a bash script, that i wrote, that allows:

Automatically Update packages on the first installation;
Automating the hostname configuration;
Automate HOST settings, resolv.conf;
Automatic detection of the main server IP;
Installation and configuration of the control panel Webmin / virtualmin;

This script is not meant to be nothing more than a help in automation of installation procedures of a LAMP server + Webmin / virtualmin (GPL Version).

Usage:

Send the magicbrain-osi_1.0.sh script script to the server;
Chmod +755 magicbrain-osi_1.0.sh the script;
Run the script and follow the instuctions installation;
After the package update, the server will restart automatically;
Access again to the server and run the magicbrain-osi_1.0.sh;
Follow the instructions of the phase 2 installation;

Download magicbrain-osi_1.0.sh

This installation automation script is on the GNU / GPL v3 and can be used and modified freely.


I too have had issues with Suspend -- my resume remains on a black screen.
The best and fastest method for a fix is to report a bug.

Instructions here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ReportingBugs
You'll need a Launchpad acount: https://launchpad.net/


Ubuntu Desktop Environment Change To KDE

Kubuntu 12.04 Precise ships with KDE 4.8, but since 12.04 is still in development, I suggest you to wait a month before the final release.

You can get a daily image from http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/daily-live/current/ for testing purposes. If you care about stability, I'd suggest you not to "upgrade" unless you want to spend time on debugging.


Check this ones:

Easy way: http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/17486/install-ubuntu-netbook-remix-with-wubi-installer/

Harder: http://blog.crox.net/archives/54-Installing-Ubuntu-Netbook-Remix-over-the-network-UNR-netboot-PXE-install.html

Crazy: http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=9875937&postcount=10

Maybe one of the official methods (other than usb and optical drive) here: https://help.ubuntu.com/10.10/installation-guide/i386/install-methods.html can be useful for you.


If i install ubuntu, do i need to install specific drivers?

You can boot ubuntu from cd without installing and see if everything needed is working.
Usually that's a pretty good hint to what hardware works out of the box.

There's a comprehensive howto and "whatis" on the help pages:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD


The network speed of System Monitor cannot be shown in Ubuntu 14.04

As @Aditya and @Bryan suggested, this is the bug in kernel, and it can be fixed by update kernel.

For example:
My system is Ubuntu 14.04. The version of kernel is 3.13.0, and the system is 64bit (amd64).

They all can be got by commands as blew:

┌─ (marslo@MarsloJiao ~) ->
└─ $ uname -r
3.13.0-30-generic

OR

┌─ (marslo@MarsloJiao ~) ->
└─ $ dpkg -l | grep "linux\-[a-z]*\-"
ii  linux-headers-3.13.0-24                               3.13.0-24.47                                        all          Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.13.0
ii  linux-headers-3.13.0-24-generic                       3.13.0-24.47                                        amd64        Linux kernel headers for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-headers-3.13.0-30                               3.13.0-30.55                                        all          Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.13.0
ii  linux-headers-3.13.0-30-generic                       3.13.0-30.55                                        amd64        Linux kernel headers for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-headers-generic                                 3.13.0.30.36                                        amd64        Generic Linux kernel headers
ii  linux-image-3.13.0-24-generic                         3.13.0-24.47                                        amd64        Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-3.13.0-30-generic                         3.13.0-30.55                                        amd64        Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-extra-3.13.0-24-generic                   3.13.0-24.47                                        amd64        Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-extra-3.13.0-30-generic                   3.13.0-30.55                                        amd64        Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-generic                                   3.13.0.30.36                                        amd64        Generic Linux kernel image
ii  linux-libc-dev:amd64                                  3.13.0-30.55                                        amd64        Linux Kernel Headers for development
ii  linux-sound-base                                      1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu4                                all          base package for ALSA and OSS sound systems

So, the following steps can fix the problem:

there are three deb packages should be downloaded from /~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.14.1-trusty first:

linux-headers-.*_amd64.deb (linux-headers-3.14.1-031401-generic_3.14.1-031401.201404141220_amd64.deb)
linux-headers-.*all.deb (linux-headers-3.14.1-031401_3.14.1-031401.201404141220_all.deb)
linux-image-.*amd64.deb (linux-image-3.14.1-031401-generic_3.14.1-031401.201404141220_amd64.deb)

Install all these debs

$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb

Reboot your system

$ sudo reboot

Bingo! The network speed back to the system monitor!!


May we call this an educated speculation rather than an answer?

I strongly feel that this, gathered from iwconfig as well as Network Manager, tells us what the wireless router and the wireless card have negotiated:

  Bit Rate=866.7 Mb/s

I think that means, that the router will communicate at, in my case, 866.7 Mb/s with several big caveats:

• Does your ISP provide service at 866.7 Mb/s or greater?

• Does the website you’ve contacted transmit data at 866.7 Mb/s or greater? This is doubtful, except for some speedtest sites.

• Are other devices on the same network busy using the wireless at the same time you need it? Is Dropbox running? Is an iPad backing up in the upstairs bedroom?

• Is there any interference from microwave ovens, cordless phones, near power lines in a wall, or near a breaker box?

• Are we on a non-overlapping channel?

In practice, we will almost never achieve the maximum negotiated speed.

In the case of conky, I feel that the screenshot you posted reflects what is actually happening at the moment the screenshot was taken. Network Manager reflects what is theoretically possible in shielded, laboratory conditions.


Its not quite the full solution, but as a temporary fix you can change the F10 shortcut to something less ubiquitous using CCSM

apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

In the 'Ubuntu Unity Plugin' options the keyboard shortcut is 'Key to open the first panel menu'.


Virpus said they support PPTP VPN on their OpenVZ VPS , and you need to request them to enable it .
Virpus Networks
hotsnow
Do U-Basic VPS support TUN/TAP and PPP Device? I want use PPTP VPN, thank you.
Virpus Networks
Yes, however, you'd need to request this be activated via our support department.


Unable to boot Windows after installation

When you get to the HP Boot Repair screen. Repair the Windows installation. This should repair the Windows bootloader, you may need to repeat the Grub Repair after this has been done, but it should only be that file that's been corrupted.


You can check /usr/share/icons to see if all icons are present.

Further you run following commands:

[1] This will reset the Unity Launcher icons to their initial state:

unity --reset-icons

[2] Then you need to reset the Unity Settings in order to eliminate any unknown discrepancy. This will not affect any of your other CCSM settings.

unity --reset

Reboot the system and hopefully your problem will be solved.


Taking advantage of an "Intel Turbo Memory" card for swap or fast bootup

You might look at lspci and see if you can identify the device and see if there is a driver bound to it.  If there is a driver for it and it presents a block device, then you should be able to use it for swap/hibernation.  If there isn't, then you're out of luck.


TightVNC server on ubuntu can't start with `vncconfig: not found`

You probably installed tigervnc first which modifies and creates a couple of files in /etc/X11. I don't know which these are but your .vnc/xstartup will not work any more. You need to create a new /etc/X11/Xvnc-session which has the same content as your xstartup.


You could look through your logs (the slash key ("/") will do a case-sensitive search):

cd /var/logs
less syslog
less messages
less dmesg

...or watch new entries to them:

grep -i error /var/logs/syslog

I think you might be asking for a network troubleshooting tool like Wireshark or info troubleshooting NetworkManager.

However, the slow transfer speeds over the network may only be a symptom of issues reading/writing to disk.  Try looking at Disk Utility or running some commands:

sudo badblocks -sv /dev/desired/path
sudo fsck /dev/desired/path

Can you remember any changes at all from when it transfered at higher rates, to when it transfered at lower rates?


There are no themes like for example in KDE, Xfce or fluxbox with different title bar styles, animations, rounded corners, etc..
i3 is a minimal window manager and - by design - offers only a limited amount of options to modify appearance. Those being the font, colors, border width and whether or not to display borders and/or title bar.
Also, you have to keep in mind, that the i3 configuration file (most of the time this is ~/.i3/config) does more than just change the appearance of i3. It also contains all other settings like shortcuts, default layout, special behavior for certain programs, etc.. While you certainly may use other peoples configuration as inspiration, it is often not a good idea to just copy any configuration verbatim: You may not have the font defined there, outputs may have different names, some executables may not exist on your system, and so on. Also, what works well for some guy on the Internet, may not work at all for you.
But on the plus side, you will not have to "delve deep into core programming" to configure your i3. For one thing, the i3 configuration is not a program, just a list of settings, all of which are explained in the excellent i3 User's Guide. There is also no need to set up everything at once. I would suggest to start out with the default configuration file, which should work on any setup (can usually be found at /etc/i3/config; also, if memory serves, i3 should ask you if you want to create a configuration at ~/.i3/config if there is none). Then you can just add or edit whenever you want to change something.
For example, if you want to change the colors. Just add the example block from the User's Guide and modify the colors to your taste. Save the configuration file and reload the configuration with i3-msg reload (In the default configuration this is bound to Alt+Shift+C), there is no reason to re-login.
TL;DR
There is no such thing as themes for i3 only whole configurations. Taking any configuration from the Internet may or may not work. But making your own is not that hard. It is probably best to start out with the default configuration (/etc/i3/config) and modify it with help of the User's Guide and just take inspirations from other configurations instead of copying them whole.


Well .. it works like magic !

I added the file filesystem.squashfs to my webserver root and modified the thrid line :

kernel fog/drbl/live/vmlinuz boot=live config nomodeset vga=785 ip=frommedia nosplash fetch=http://MYWEBSERVERIP/filesystem.squashfs


.tar.gz or .rpm for adobe flash download for google chrome?

Google Chrome has Flash built into it. You can download it here.

To use it with Firefox, just run sudo apt install flashplugin-installer.


Why does Ubuntu Installer not have a minimum memory condition?

I'm not sure your particular crash was due to an out of memory situation (though there's one other bug with a similar traceback to yours that's also a suspected OOM), but there's a bug report requesting better dealing with such situations, which Colin Watson (Ubiquity developer) has acknowledged.

See "Meeting Minimum Hardware Requirements" on the Ubuntu documentation for more information on required specs.


Replace a multiline string with the content of a file.txt

Your command does work for me.  Try running with export LC_ALL=C to remove any language issues.  And add -w to your perl command to turn on warnings.  Check that there is no whitespace after vertices in alpha.txt.  You may want to hexdump your input: xxd alpha.txt to check for invisible bytes that may be preventing your regex from matching, such as the carriage-returns that @steeldriver suggested.
Your test will also be easier if you don't run with -i (inplace replacement) but instead send your output to stdout, which you can redirect to a different file if you'd like.  That way you can more easily repeat your test if something goes wrong.  Once your command is working, you can add -i back.
Here's what I ran:
$ cat tt
cat alpha.txt
echo
export LC_ALL=C
perl -wp0e 's/Amin.*?vertices\n/`cat beta.txt`/se' alpha.txt

Here's my output
$ tt
Some text which must not be changed
Some text which must not be changed
Some text which must not be changed
Some text which must not be changed
Amin     0.3;
Bmin     0.1;
Cmin     0.4;
vertices
Some text which must not be changed
Some text which must not be changed
Some text which must not be changed
Some text which must not be changed

Some text which must not be changed
Some text which must not be changed
Some text which must not be changed
Some text which must not be changed
Amin     0.7;
Bmin     0.4;
Cmin     0.1;
vertices
Some text which must not be changed
Some text which must not be changed
Some text which must not be changed
Some text which must not be changed

By the way, you must have done a lot of research to come up with your command.  That command is a lot more advanced than I would expect from a first time questioner.


Dash to dock application drawer icons to big

You can change the icon size from the Dash to Dock settings. To achieve this, just look for Gnome Tweak Tools in the application, look at Extensions tab, and click on the small wheel beside the Dash to Dock extension. Adapt the icon size according to your needs.


How to fix Wine MCF42.DLL error on Lucid?

While you can install the missing dll using winetricks and use the windows version of Visual Boy Advance, there is in fact a native linux version in Ubuntus repositories, which I recommend to use instead of the exe file.

To install it, open the terminal application and enter this command:

sudo apt-get install visualboyadvance visualboyadvance-gtk

It should be listen in the applications menu after that.


I do not have the answer to your bug, actually I experience the same thing, but I found here a way to recover the situation without reboot the machine/lightdm.

In your tty1 (Ctrl+Alt+F1), as root, type loginctl unlock-session [id], where [id] is the session id you get by typing loginctl list-sessions.

If it doesn't work with the first ID, try with the other session IDs of your user account.


ERROR: Module mod-evasive does not exist! After installation Ubuntu 13.10

When enabling modules in apache, you don't need to specify the mod- prefix.

In this case, to enable the evasive module, you need to use the following command

a2enmod evasive


how to make sure my keys are recording to do some action?

The problem with this is that there are many layers of applications which a key combination has to transverse for being applicable. To put an example:

I press Ctrl + Alt + U. First the Xorg server takes my keypresses and analyzes them, if it's not registered then it pass it to the next layer which is the Desktop Manager, if the desktop manager doesn't have any registered key combination like that, then it pass it to the current active window/application which is the end of the road.

If none of those layers recognize that key combination then it just sends the keypresses to be written. Is difficult to make an application that listen all those software layers and waits for events to be fired (there are some, but it's a overkill to debug all your running applications at the same time) at keypresses.


squid-deb-proxy failing to cache packages

After starting from scratch (purging & re-installing), I finally discovered the problem.

The changes to squid-deb-proxy.conf (which I thought enabled mirrors) were the culprits.

I don't understand the comments in the file, like: "# uncomment the third and fouth line to permit any unlisted domain".  There are only two lines underneath that comment, and uncommenting both lines would seem (to someone unversed in squid's configuration syntax) to negate each other.  Reversing the options (commenting out the originally uncommented one, and activating the originally commented one) obviously did not work.

One other point: the autogenerated files are sensitive to backup files in the *.d/ directories.  I noticed that /etc/squid-deb-proxy/autogenerated/mirror-dstdomain.acl had the contents of both mirror-dstdomain.acl.d/10-default and mirror-dstdomain.acl.d/10-default~ in it.


"systemctl suspend" vs "systemctl hibernate" Permission

I got same message with fresh installed Ubuntu 18.04 and 19.10. It's probably because you need privileges to execute systemctl hibernate. To solve it, I did:

    sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/hibernate

and added following line:

    %adm    ALL=NOPASSWD: /bin/systemctl hibernate, /usr/bin/systemctl hibernate

Note: My user is member of group adm. Alternatively you can add new group, add all relevant users to that group and replace %adm by %<your-group>.

I'm not sure this is best practice but it solved the issue for me.

Furthermore you need swap space (swap file or swap partition) of minimum size of your RAM in order to hibernate you computer.

EDIT: added -f parameter for visudo


What's the difference between port status "LISTENING", "TIME_WAIT", " CLOSE_WAIT" and "ESTABLISHED"?

The manpage of netstat has a brief description of each state:

   ESTABLISHED
          The socket has an established connection.
   SYN_SENT
          The socket is actively attempting to establish a connection.
   SYN_RECV
          A connection request has been received from the network.
   FIN_WAIT1
          The socket is closed, and the connection is shutting down.
   FIN_WAIT2
          Connection is closed, and the socket is waiting for  a  shutdown
          from the remote end.
   TIME_WAIT
          The socket is waiting after close to handle packets still in the
          network.
   CLOSE  The socket is not being used.
   CLOSE_WAIT
          The remote end has shut down, waiting for the socket to close.
   LAST_ACK
          The remote end has shut down, and the socket is closed.  Waiting
          for acknowledgement.
   LISTEN The  socket is listening for incoming connections.  Such sockets
          are  not  included  in  the  output  unless  you   specify   the
          --listening (-l) or --all (-a) option.
   CLOSING
          Both  sockets are shut down but we still don't have all our data
          sent.
   UNKNOWN
          The state of the socket is unknown.

You can use the state transition diagrams (examples here, here and here) to make better sense of the states.

Consider two programs attempting a socket connection (call them a and b). Both set up sockets and transition to the LISTEN state. Then one program (say a) tries to connect to the other (b). a sends a request and enters the SYN_SENT state, and b receives the request and enters the SYN_RECV state. When b acknowledges the request, they enter the ESTABLISHED state, and do their business. Now a couple of things can happen:

a wishes to close the connection, and enters FIN_WAIT1. b receives the FIN request, sends an ACK (then a enters FIN_WAIT2), enters CLOSE_WAIT, tells a it is closing down and the enters LAST_ACK. Once a acknowledges this (and enters TIME_WAIT), b enters CLOSE. a waits a bit to see if anythings is left, then enters CLOSE.
a and b have finished their business and decide to close the connection (simultaneous closing). When a is in FIN_WAIT, and instead of receiving an ACK from b, it receives a FIN (as b wishes to close it as well), a enters CLOSING. But there are still some messages to send (the ACK that a is supposed to get for its original FIN), and once this ACK arrives, a enters TIME_WAIT as usual.


Skype on Ubuntu 18.04 issues - doesn't start and logs me out

You probably aren't using the latest version of Skype. Try installing the Skype snap package with:

sudo snap install skype --classic

If that doesn't work try installing the latest version of Skype from the insider channel.

sudo snap install skype --classic --channel insider/stable


Ubuntu not booting after system update but

Just an update.

I followed the directions in this link - Ask Ubuntu similar question and created the rEFInd boot cd. It worked, so I installed the Ubuntu version of it and now everything works fine.

Here's a link to the page with the Ubuntu repository and install instructions -  http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/getting.html#ppa

Thanks for all the help.


Speakers don't work unless I plug the headphones in

The answer is going to be in your sound configuration, accessible through the Sound Menu > Sound Preferences. Check that the speakers are enabled and that they are selected as the output.


How to build a particular version of gcc (4.5.1)?

Try installing the gcc-4.5-base package:

$ sudo apt-get install gcc-4.5-base

You might need to install a specific version of that package. Check the package change log.

To install the last 4.5.1 update try:

$ sudo apt-get install gcc-4.5-base=4.5.1-12

(note that 4.5.1-12 was marked as experimental in the change log. This is just an example!)

For more info on installing old versions of packages with apt take a look at:

http://blog.andrewbeacock.com/2007/03/how-to-install-specific-version-of.html


How to merge my unallocated to root partition

First of all, editing partitions always comes with the risk of data loss, so please back up your system first. If you use a laptop, make sure your power supply is connected properly, you don't want to run out of battery while performing such actions.

You can't edit partitions while they are mounted, so you have to boot from your installer medium (USB,DVD) and choose the Try Ubuntu without installing option. Then open GParted. Now perform the following steps:

Select the swap-partition sda6 with a right-click and choose swapoff
Select the extended partition sda2 with a right-click, choose Resize/Move and increase the size of this partition to the right.
Select the swap-partition sda6 with a right-click, choose Resize/Moveand move the partition to the right.
Select the data-partition sda5 with a right-click, choose Resize/Move and move the partition to the right. This will take some time, 66GB of data have to be moved, be patient.
Select the extended partition sda2 with a right-click, choose Resize/Move and decrease the size of this partition on it's left end.
Select your system-partition sda1 with a right-click, choose Resize/Move and increase the size of the partition to the right.

After each step click the Apply-button (the small green check-mark in GParted's toolbar).


How do I connect to the Ubuntu One server-side CouchDB?

We'll soon be putting together some proper documentation for this. In the meantime, you can use a tool named ubuntuone-couchdb-query to get at your CouchDBs at Ubuntu One. You can download ubuntuone-couchdb-query from http://ubuntuone.com/p/Gyx/.

If you're looking for more technical information (that is, how you'd connect to your in-the-cloud Ubuntu One CouchDBs from your own programs), please clarify your question, and I can explain how ubuntuone-couchdb-query works in more detail.


Have you verified that there is a real partition there, as opposed to random data in the block containing the partition table?  (Use fdisk or cfdisk and verify that any partition start and end numbers make basic sense.  fdisk at least will notice obvious things like illegal block values or end blocks before start blocks and warn you that the partition table is invalid.)

parted/gparted may be able to identify filesystems for you.  Sometimes file -s can do so as well.


The best way to get more up to date drivers is to upgrade your Ubuntu installation (12.10 - which has reached end of life (EOL) in July 2013) to something more recent.
14.04 is the current "Long Term Support" (LTS) release. I would recommend you to upgrade to that version, unless you require some more "bleeding edge" packages.
I don't think you can upgrade to Ubuntu 13.04, which has also reached EOL in January 2014.
I think your only option is a full reinstall. This guide may help you if you are new to installing Ubuntu.
Don't forget to backup your data.