AMD latest driver "18.04" install on "19.04" min server

I finally got that AMD driver to install correctly on 18.04 but I had to do a minimal desktop. I am guessing that the dependency errors during the install on the server were caused by the AMD driver expecting some type of desktop to work with.  This was only a BOINC mining system (gridcoin) that did not need a desktop.  Pic here open rack frame


how to solve boot menu problems in sony vaio laptop

Sometimes you have to "fix" the grub - usually after major Windows updates - I use (http://sourceforge.net/projects/boot-repair-cd/) and do the recommended repair option. I use this to make bootable usb's - (http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/) - however you want will be good bud.


If you have a bootable windows cd or usb, you can directly boot it in your laptop and install windows. If you have an iso image of windows, you can make bootable cd by copying image directly or you can make a bootable usb using Rufus. If you dont have an iso image, you can download a free trial Here. But it is only a trial for limited time.


How to create a script to launch several emulated ROM inside a folder

Minimal modification to your script

#!/bin/bash
cat ./listN64_full.txt | while read -r line; do
  mupen64plus "$line" &
  sleep 1   # Better to give a second or 2 to create the window
  echo "|"  # It's here because so it was...
done

When you execute a script is like if you write it line by line.
It's more safe to use read -r line instead of read line.

To execute a command in background you have to put the & at the end of the command line.


Tensorflow throwing the FMA error while installing on Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS VirtualBox?

There's a 3 year old bug report on Virtual Box's website  Unless Oracle decides to fix the problem, you won't be able to use TensorFlow (or anything else requiring the FMA instructions) in Virtual Box.
Since, when I encountered this problem, I was using Linux as my host operating system, I was able to use KVM/QEMU to solve my problem.  However, since you running Windows 10, that solution won't work for you.
In order to help you, I went to my Windows 10 Pro computer and started Hyper-V.  Inside Hyper-V I launched a virtual machine running Ubuntu 20.04.  Then I opened a terminal window and typed cat /etc/cpuinfo to verify that one of the supported CPU features is FMA.
While I can't guarantee that TensorFlow will work in Hyper-V, it looks like it will.  I believe you need Windows 10 Pro, not Home, in order to install Hyper-V.
P.S. According to the CPU World website your processor supports FMA.


How do I get out of this mess caused by power failure while upgrading from 11.04 to 11.10?

Just run dpkg --configure -a, this will run the dpkg software with the --configure and -a parameters which will fix your system.

Just type dpkg --configure -a at the command-line, just as you did when you typed sudo apt-get upgrade.


How can I automatically log into a fully encrypted Ubuntu system without a password prompt?

You can arrange for a "keyscript" to supply the decryption passphrase at boot time. The keyscript is just a program that can do whatever it needs to do to get the passphrase, including fetching it over the network.

I wanted to to be able to boot a headless system by supplying the passphrase over the network, with the caveat that I understand that the network must be secure at the time that I supply the passphrase. I achieve this security by disconnecting the LAN cable and plugging in a crossover, which I can do as I have easy physical access. This is still easier than plugging in a keyboard and monitor, as I don't have any nearby.

To do this, I wrote a keyscript that waits for a passphrase to be supplied over the network. The keyscript and some instructions are on Github.


System wide variables not accessible by System V init scripts

I cannot tell you exactly why that's happening but I can suggest a couple things.

You can always create a simple test script in that directory and invoke it the same way as the other jars, that simply displays the environment:

#!/bin/sh
echo "$(env)" >/tmp/env-test

Secondly, you can always prepend any environment variables that you want available to a command, like:

FOO=bar mycommand

This is often useful for temporarily running a command using a variable without having to set it.


Upgrading every six months does need in general to be that careful?

You should ALWAYS backup files you deem important. Regardless if we are talking about upgrading.

Upgrading can go wrong at any given time and it is not always the installer that goes bad. A power failure in the middle of upgrading can be the end of that installation.

I myself have my system set up such that my personal files (read all the directories in /home/$USER/) are on another disc so I can happily format my main installation and /home without worrying. For me downloading re-installing goes a lot quicker than upgrading (takes about 15 minutes to re-install once I start and another 10 minutes to install all I need but at that point I can already use my notebook).


Actually /usr/share/icons/default/index.theme is only symbolic link:

index.theme -> /etc/alternatives/x-cursor-theme

And Further is is linked to /usr/share/icons/DMZ-White/cursor.theme as following:

x-cursor-theme -> /usr/share/icons/DMZ-White/cursor.theme

So Source files are found in /usr/share/icons/DMZ-White/ Here is list of themes:-

$ ls /usr/share/icons/DMZ-White | grep theme
cursor.theme
index.theme

From when you can create link by ln.


Can I install Edubuntu in windows using wubi?

You can install the standard Ubuntu Desktop edition with wubi, then install the edubuntu package(s) that you need.  This will allow you to use wubi and then also have edubuntu installed as well, without needing to download Edubuntu from them (note that Edubuntu, Xubuntu, Kubuntu, etc. all have packages in Synaptic, and you can start from one of the other versions and become a different version)


Accidentally removed config files from /etc/glance/

There are three packages that store configurations in /etc/glance. Make your choice:

glance-common

/etc/glance/glance-manage.conf

glance-api

/etc/glance/glance-api-paste.ini
/etc/glance/glance-api.conf
/etc/glance/glance-cache.conf
/etc/glance/glance-scrubber.conf
/etc/glance/metadefs/glance-common-image-props.json

glance-registry

/etc/glance/glance-registry-paste.ini
/etc/glance/glance-registry.conf

But not python-glanceclient.

Force the creation of config files of still installed glance*-packages with:

dpkg -l 'glance*' | awk '/^ii/ {system("sudo apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::=\"--force-confmiss\" install --reinstall " $2)}'

Command breakdown

dpkg -l 'glance*' | awk '/^ii/ …'

Search installed packages with the name glance*
system("sudo apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::=\"--force-confmiss\" install --reinstall " $2)

Force the creation of missing config files


The show technical items button is missing

I updated Ubuntu using the Software Updater and rebooted. I repeated this a few times. I tried again opening the Software & Updates app and on the first tab 'Ubuntu Software' I changed Download from: Server for United States to Main Server. I updated again. No change.

Then I changed back to Server for United States. I tried looking for the 'Show technical items' to appear at the bottom of Software Center screen after searching for xfce4. I still did not see it appear.

When I returned to the laptop I tried searching for xfce4 in the Ubuntu Software Center and low and behold it presented 'Show 71 technical items at the bottom of the screen. Perhaps the laptop needed to be left alone to finish downloading information from the servers after the fresh install.


I found these using apt-cache search:

almanah - Application to ease management of a personal diary
lifeograph - Private digital diary
rednotebook - daily journal with calendar, templates and keyword searching
robojournal - cross-platform journal/diary tool
robojournal-doc - cross-platform journal/diary tool - documentation

I also found this:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/dreamdiary/


The needed libraries seem to be installed - what's causing this 'Error while loading shared libraries'?

This was due to the settings for exporting the game from Godot having the checkbox for 64 bit unchecked. So my system looked for all libraries in the i386 directory. Once I exported the game again with that checkbox ticked, it ran fine.


Note that ffmpeg is depricated in Ubuntu and other distros:

avconv is the one you want to use which is in in the libav-tools package and can be installed with the following line:

sudo apt-get install libav-tools

So here are some ways you can do it:

FFMPEG (Deprecated in 12.04+)

ffmpeg -i input.avi -vcodec copy -acodec copy output1.avi
ffmpeg -i input.avi -vcodec copy -acodec copy output1.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.avi -vcodec copy -acodec copy output1.mkv
ffmpeg -i input.avi -vcodec copy -acodec copy output1.mpg

AVCONV

avconv -i input.avi -vcodec copy -acodec copy output1.avi
avconv -i input.avi -vcodec copy -acodec copy output1.mp4
avconv -i input.avi -vcodec copy -acodec copy output1.mkv
avconv -i input.avi -vcodec copy -acodec copy output1.mpg

Am assuming that when you say "convert to anything else" and then you add that the output should not be compressed (And then I just so happen to see the bitrate) am thinking the original file, the input is RAW inside an avi container. If this is the case, the above options will work. They will just copy the content to another container, maintaining the 25fps, bitrate and overall quality.

If you do not want to copy the content, simply remove the part that says "-vcodec copy -acodec copy" and avconv/ffmpeg will take care of it.

NOTE - As mentioned by LordNeckBeard, the MP4 example will not work on Raw.


Finally, I managed to resolve the issue by searching for the package on Ubuntu depository.

The php7.0-mbstring for php 7.0.13 was on the proposed repository that wasn't in my source list

So I edited my sources.list in /etc/apt/sources.list by adding

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed restricted main multiverse universe

then run apt-get update and then apt-get install php7.0-mbstring

Worked fine !


In your server do this:

sudo -i

then

vncserver

then do this in your machine

ssh -L 5902:localhost:5901 server

then you can run your vncviewer as always

vncviewer localhost:2

If you want to read more about it use this link


E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/python-3.6/ubuntu disco Release' does not have a Release file

You should remove this PPA from the system with

sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:jonathonf/python-3.6

and then run

sudo apt update

to get actual package indexes.

Please note if you really need the packages from this PPA, then consider to contact JonathonF and ask him about packaging for disco. See example text in this answer.


Could you be using a screen that doesn't support native Full HD (1920x1080), but maybe only HD Ready (1280x720)? If so then select the appropriate resolution for your screen.


kubuntu upgrade 16.04.1 to 16.04.3, suspend not working


How to change directory permission from read-write to read-only

Relying on my own Google-fu, I was able to find this that describes your issue similarly.

Try the following:

chmod 755 -R /opt/lampp/phpmyadmin

To fix the permissions of phpmyadmin.


Open Startup Applications and add a new entry that runs the following command:

  nvidia-settings -a "[gpu:0]/GPUGraphicsClockOffset[3]=50" -a "[gpu:0]/GPUMemoryTransferRateOffset[3]=200"

This will set the Graphics Clock Offset to 50 and the Memory Transfer Rate Offset to 200 on startup. If any of these values is too high, the system might crash after logging in!


installArchives() failed: perl: warning: Setting locale failed.

Solution from Robert Penz, I'm posting it here.

Fix the warning by generating the locale(s) the warning is complaining about. To generate the locales run sudo locale-gen followed the locale.

For example this is the error I had:

perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
    LANGUAGE = (unset),
    LC_ALL = (unset),
    LC_TIME = "en_IE.UTF-8",
    LC_MONETARY = "en_IE.UTF-8",
    LC_ADDRESS = "en_IE.UTF-8",
    LC_TELEPHONE = "en_IE.UTF-8",
    LC_NAME = "en_IE.UTF-8",
    LC_MEASUREMENT = "en_IE.UTF-8",
    LC_IDENTIFICATION = "en_IE.UTF-8",
    LC_NUMERIC = "en_IE.UTF-8",
    LC_PAPER = "en_IE.UTF-8",
    LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory

To fix I had to generate en_IE, en_IE.UTF-8, and en_US.UTF-8:

$ sudo locale-gen en_IE en_IE.UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
Generating locales...
de_AT.UTF-8... done
en_US.ISO-8859-1... done
en_US.UTF-8... up-to-date
Generation complete.

Done. Happy days.

To test everything is ok you can run sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales:

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
Generating locales...
  en_IE.ISO-8859-1... up-to-date
  en_IE.UTF-8... up-to-date
  en_US.UTF-8... up-to-date
Generation complete.


Gnome 3 not turning off display after selected time

For any other person with the same issue I solved it deactivating every plugin (extension) with Gnome Tweak Tool. Then I reactivated all the extensions I was using before and the problem was gone.


you list dependencies in the Debian/control file.

See https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-relationships.html#s-binarydeps


Those repositories are still available. They were just down for a day or two due to a drive failure.


You can install it by opening a terminal and typing

sudo apt-get install dnsutils

Or via the Ubuntu Software Center by clicking bellow:

For future reference, I found this out by doing a quick search with apt-cache:

apt-cache search dns dig

And then verified with aptitude.


How did this exploit allow write access to root owned files?

This was a bug in pam_motd that has long since been patched out:

  pam_motd (aka the MOTD module) in libpam-modules before 1.1.0-2ubuntu1.1 in PAM on Ubuntu 9.10 and libpam-modules before 1.1.1-2ubuntu5 in PAM on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS allows local users to change the ownership of arbitrary files via a symlink attack on .cache in a user's home directory, related to "user file stamps" and the motd.legal-notice file.

This basically translates to, while logging in with SSH, PAM (the authentication module, running as root) would try to chown $USER: ~/.cache. It didn't look to see what that was so the ownership change was propagating to the linked file.

That allowed you to own and then edit the system files and gain root-level access.

While .cache was symlinked to /etc/{passwd,shadow} they could have echoed into .cache... But why bother? By that point those files had their file ownership changed to $USER. They were freely editable.

Just in answer to your comments:

It doesn't give you permission, it (or I should say its PAM module) is the thing changing the ownership. But yes, PAM doing what it did was the problem.
The symlink to ~/.cache is just a redirect for the exploit. Is required so that when you log in PAM (running as root) tries to chown the linked file. That's the exploit there.
It was an oversight and it was fixed by dropping privileges before entering into any of that code.


After not finding a solution, i give it a shot to do-distro-upgrade command which upgraded from 16.06 to 18 now everything works as expected.

:)


Computer automatically disconnects from wifi: I have to restart to get back online

After digging more i found that it's a known bug in Ubuntu for the Realtek RTL8723BE adapter. See this bug report.
Also check out this closed question on same issue.


How can I reinstall java when I can't find an archive for it?

The dependency problem you have is not related to LMMS as it is written in C++, not in Java (and the lmms package doesn't need java as dependency).


How can I make a live-usb without downloading the ISO file?

There is probably no way that can be done, at least in the present scenario. You either need to download the iso from the internet or buy a CD/DVD/USB, which can be procured at very low prices, even for free, though officially Canonical has stopped shipping them to your home for free.


Here the steps to solve it:

Open up Ubuntu Software Center.
Type apt in the search bar.
You would get "Commandline package manager" in the search results.

Now, go ahead and install it.

If the above steps failed working, you could download apt deb package from the following site. http://en.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/. In the site, both x86 and x64 versions are available. Once you have downloaded the deb package, install it by typing sudo dpkg -i {deb_filename} in the terminal.

Note: Replace the {deb_filename} with the downloaded deb filename in the command.


How do I add an application to the dash?

There are 2 ways to go about this

No new software method

For 11.10 and newer:

To create a simple custom .desktop you will need to add these entries to a .desktop file of your choice in ~/.local/share/applications/

nano ~/.local/share/applications/your_application_name.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Name=the name you want shown
Comment=
Exec=command to run
Icon=icon name
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true

For extra options for your .desktop file you can visit this site. All the options available are very well described there.

You can also copy a existing application's .desktop file from /usr/share/applications/to your ~/.local/share/applications/ and edit it to fit your needs.

ie: this will copy gedit .desktop file to the folder where the .desktop files should be saved for a user

cd ~/.local/share/applications
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/gedit.desktop .

After that open that location using nautilus ~/.local/share/applications/ and drag n drop the file you have just created to the Unity launcher.

Has an option instead of drag n dropping the file you can open dconf-editor (install it with sudo apt-get install dconf-tools or look for it in the USC) and navigate to desktop.unity.launcher and edit the key favorites by double clicking on the entries to the right of the key.

To add your custom launcher add it at the position you want with this format '/home//.local/share/applications/.desktop'. Don't forget to respect the , and the spaces in that line and make sure that the line starts and ends with [ and ]respectively.

With this method you will need to log off and back in for the change in favorites to take effect. This will make it appear in the dash

Using New software

Using gnome-desktop-item-edit

For this you need gnome-tweak-tool or gnome-shell installed

Use ALT+F2 and type

gnome-desktop-item-edit --create-new ~/Desktop

This will open the dialog Create Launcher

You can put this .desktop file in /home/<username>/.local/share/applications/ to make it appear in the dash

Using alacarte

For this method, you need alacarte installed.Do it by

sudo apt-get install alacarte

And use ALT+F2 and type in alacarte

You will get this dialog:

Select the category you want and click "New Item"

You will get this dialog

Click OK . It will appear in the dash

  NOTE for Ubuntu 13.04 and above:
  After performing the above steps, nothing will happen and it will seem like nothing is added to the dash

  To resolve this, go to ~/.local/share/applications and you should be able to see a file named alacarte-made.desktop.

  Right Click on this file and check the box which allows it excecute permissions.

  After closing the properties dialog, your entry will now appear in the dash.

Sources:

Bruno Pereira's answer

Binarylife's answer

Kikixx's answer

James' comment


Which /etc/pam.d file for a regular terminal?

Add the following line in the /etc/pam.d/common-session file and reboot:

session required pam_limits.so


I would use

find /path/to/dir \( -name '*.css' -o -name '*.html' \) -exec gzip --verbose --keep {} \;

Change name to iname if you want to match the extensions case-insensitively (i.e. include .CSS and/or .HTML extensions). You can omit the /path/to/dir if you want to start the recursive search from the current directory.


As you mentioned you are trying to run chromium-browser as root.

For doing this purpose you can run chromium-browser with --no-sandbox and --user-data-dir options with this command:

chromium-browser --no-sandbox --user-data-dir

And you can edit /etc/chromium-browser/default file :

sudo nano /etc/chromium-browser/default

And add this flags:

--no-sandbox --user-data-dir

So it should be look like this:

CHROMIUM_FLAGS="--no-sandbox --user-data-dir"

So now you can run chromium-browser as root without any issues:

chromium-browser


Unable to locate package vlc-plugin-libde265

vlc-plugin-libde265 is not available in the Ubuntu repositories as can be seen at http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?suite=all&searchon=names&keywords=vlc-plugin-libde265. To install it, you have to add the PPA at https://launchpad.net/~strukturag/+archive/ubuntu/libde265:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:strukturag/libde265
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc-plugin-libde265


Ubuntu is using a proxy although it's disabled in the settings

Use wget --no-proxy something.com/index.html
Check settings for git.

Ant try reboot PC after you comment proxy config file.


How to see what SDL version I have on my ubuntu

dpkg -l | grep sdl is one possible answer.


How to see what went wrong on a CrossOver app that crashed?

Check if the dependencies are still active (looks like it needs Visual Basic 2008+ for Torchlight to run).
If possible start the application through command line and watch for errors.
Crossover has an option in the start menu to set logging in the 'Run...' command. Here is a tutorial from before Unity (so skip the 1st part). They show here how to set logging for IE6 and similar to that you could try it for Torchlight.
I would also suggest their forums. It is more than likely the people that know what to do can be found there.
There is also a separate page for Linux that might be interesting.


Ubuntu 16.04- VNC/TeamViewer, setting screen resolution in headless mode

I can't answer this question properly, but I found a pure software and better solution. Add Fake Display when No Monitor is Plugged In

Email from RealVNC support team:

  Hi Guy,

  If there is no monitor plugged in to the computer, it defaults back to
  the safest resolution, 640 x 480.

  I'd recommend an EDID emulator. This will allow you to set a
  resolution without the need for a monitor plugged in.

  You would need one that supports Linux, however this is an example of
  one:
  https://www.amazon.co.uk/Pass-Through-Emulator-splitters-Switches-Extenders-HDMI-EDID/dp/B072JC9443/ref=sr_1_1?s=computers&ie=UTF8&qid=1505822141&sr=1-1&keywords=edid

  Please note, we cannot recommend any particular brand/vendor.

  I hope this helps.

  Regards, Simon Product Support Engineer

  Ticket Details Ticket ID: TIM-497-72944 Status: On Hold

Asking for a Non Hardware solution:

  Guy,

  Yes, there is. My apologies.

  There is a parameter in the VNC Server settings when running it in
  Virtual mode - for this you must have an Enterprise subscription.

  https://www.realvnc.com/en/connect/docs/server-modes.html#server-modes

  https://www.realvnc.com/en/connect/docs/server-parameter-ref.html#RandR

  You can set your resolution from here.

  Regards, Simon Product Support Engineer

  Ticket Details Ticket ID: TIM-497-72944 Status: On Hold


you must use gconf if you are using nautilus that is based on Gnome 2
you must use gsettings if you are using nautilus that is based on Gnome 3
For Ubuntu 18.04, 20.4 => gsettings
gsettings list-recursively | grep -i -e nautilus -e thumbnail


Ubuntu 18.04 Error: No video mode activated

Managed to get get back into desktop. Tried lots of ways people suggested by commenting out some GRUB stuff or command line to update. However, those doesn't work for me.

Got a temporary fix for my case whereby, when starting up Ubuntu on VMware, when you see Oracle's logo, click on the screen for focus and hold onto SHIFT until Grub menu appears.

On Grub menu, navigate to Advance Options and click on the recovery mode. From there, click update Grub and you're good to go. Reboot your Ubuntu and it will work.

Note that this fix is only TEMPORARY. When you able to get back into the desktop, do a snapshot first and try other method of fixing it. Whenever you restart or shutdown, it will go back to the same error again.

Currently, my Ubuntu is not able to boot up in full screen like before. Still trying to find ways to fix it.


Ok, I have done ceilometer deployment.
After installing landscape openstack autopilot you need to do next things:

From host where you have executed openstack-install:

# If you used the install-openstack tool, you want to do this first:
export JUJU_HOME=~/.cloud-install/juju
juju status

# Get an interactive shell with the right ENV sourced on the landscape
# server itself.
juju ssh landscape/0 sudo 'JUJU_HOME=/var/lib/landscape/juju-homes/`sudo ls -rt /var/lib/landscape/juju-homes/ | tail -1` sudo -u landscape -E bash'

# You should see a lot of openstack services with this command:
juju status

To deploy with juju i'm creating for service new container:

juju deploy ceilometer --to lxc:0

This will create new lxc container for ceilometer. For looking if ceilometer has started use:

watch juju status ceilometer

ok, you need need to execute next commands:

juju deploy mongodb --to lxc/0
juju add-relation ceilometer mongodb
juju add-relation ceilometer rabbitmq-server
juju add-relation ceilometer keystone
juju deploy ceilometer-agent
juju add-relation ceilometer-agent nova-compute
juju add-relation ceilometer:ceilometer-service ceilometer-agent:ceilometer-service
juju expose mongodb
juju expose ceilometer
juju expose ceilometer-agent

Wait until everything is started (juju status).

So after that ceilometer is installed. But in my case it has been installed to regionOne (landscape's), not in my region. So, I fix it in that way:
You need to connect to machine where you have installed ceilometer. You can find it using juju status ceilometer. My container is 0/lxc/10:

juju ssh 0/lxc/10

To get proper enviroment for keystone and ceilometer download openstack rc file:

on ceilometer's container run next:

    sudo nano admin-openrc.sh

And copy text from downloaded file to new file. Save it and close.

Run next:

source admin-openrc.sh
#enter your openstack password (you can find it on your landscape monitor page)
keystone endpoint-list
#copy id of endpoint with uncorrect region. And remember the url.
keystone endpoint-delete  **paste this ID**
keystone endpoint-create --region **YOUR_REGION** --service-id ceilometer --publicurl="**CEILOMETER_URL**" --adminurl="**CEILOMETER_URL**" --internalurl="**CEILOMETER_URL**"

5.Relogin to your dashboard. If you have made everything right you will see Resource Usage on your admin's panel and clicking "Generating report" won't go into mistake.


Which bits of Ubuntu need to be on an SSD?

You could probably save a significant amount of space in the long by moving/symlinking /var/cache/apt to your hard drive; that folder can grow quite large if you don't sudo apt-get clean it periodically.

Otherwise, I wouldn't offload anything else from the SSD. Most of the growth I've seen (aside from newly-installed programs) is from cached package files.


I had the same problem, but I solved it by myself:

go to System Setting -> Keyboard -> Text entry
there choose: "use the same source for all windows"


How can I make Ubuntu completely portable?

You could use something like unetbootin or Rufus to create a LiveUSB and that should do it just fine. I use them all the time.

You can even create one with persistence and save files to it.

If you have followed that step and it is still not working you have to realize that just plugging in the drive is not enough. You have to boot it up that way (which may require F2 at the logo splash screen to make sure you can boot from the stick).


Which Google Chrome version should I install for my system?

For your current OS you can go for the 32 bit version without a problem. Just choose the proper option from the choices and after downloading the .deb package, run it by opening (maybe double click is needed), after which the Software Center Will appear allowing you to install the latest Google Chrome.

Good luck!


Ubuntu Server 20.04 - the installer was restarted because of an error

not sure why but I tried again after unmounting/remounting the iso image from the HP ilo and it worked, apologies for this.


Bluetooth headphones not detected in 17.10

Had a similar problem, but actually the solution you identified is indeed working.
In order for Ubuntu to detect your device you have to make sure that this latter is in pairing mode with your pc's bluetooth off. Once the device enters in pairing mode you activate your bluetooh and the device will appear in the list.


which port to allow through ubuntu firewall

You can get list of ports from file called /etc/services. For your ease of use here are ports you need to open for two-way samba communication with Windows and Linux desktop systems.

netbios-ns – 137/tcp # NETBIOS Name Service
netbios-dgm – 138/tcp # NETBIOS Datagram Service
netbios-ssn – 139/tcp # NETBIOS session service
microsoft-ds – 445/tcp # if you are using Active Directory

Other ports:

Port 389 (TCP) – for LDAP (Active Directory Mode)
Port 445 (TCP) – NetBIOS was moved to 445 after 2000 and beyond, (CIFS)
Port 901 (TCP) – for SWAT service (not related to client communication)

Command To Find Out Required TCP/UDP Ports For SMB/CIFS Networking Protocol

Type the following command:

$ grep -i NETBIOS /etc/services

Sample outputs:

netbios-ns  137/tcp             # NETBIOS Name Service
netbios-ns  137/udp
netbios-dgm 138/tcp             # NETBIOS Datagram Service
netbios-dgm 138/udp
netbios-ssn 139/tcp             # NETBIOS session service
netbios-ssn 139/udp

reference: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/what-ports-need-to-be-open-for-samba-to-communicate-with-other-windowslinux-systems/


Difference between desktops (lubuntu) qt, gtk?

Lubuntu comes either with LXQT or with  LXDE. These are different Desktop environments.


ssh is taking too much time to connect/not connecting

It seems like a firewall issue. Check if the firewall in the nagios server is blocking the connections. Also, check the /etc/hosts file in the nagios server and see if there are any interesting entries, like host vice ACLs


Error when sending signed mail in Evolution

I solved this issue by marking the user certificate to use as "trusted peer" with certutil.

First install certutil if not already installed:

sudo apt-get install libnss3-tools

Then find the certificate nickname with

certutil -d sql:$HOME/.pki/nssdb -L

For me this nick is "Andreas Neustifter", it is different for you. Finally I marked this (my) certificate as trusted peer with

certutil -d sql:$HOME/.pki/nssdb -M -n "Andreas Neustifter" -t Pu,Pu,Pu

(Again, the nickname (given as option -n) is different for you...)

Hope this helps.


How to change the default font size of XTerm?

If you don't already have one, create a file in your home directory named .Xresources to store your preferences for various X programs. Append a line to the file such as

xterm*font:     *-fixed-*-*-*-18-*

This informs xterm to use the 'fixed' font at size 18.

From here, you can either restart X or run xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources in a terminal to incorporate the changes you've made. All new xterms should now have the font change.

If you run man xterm and go down to the RESOURCES section, you can find a wealth of additional, configurable xterm options.


Why apt-get purge wants to install packages while I use --no-download and --no-install-recommends?

I'm guessing something on your system is depending on openoffice.org | abiword.

And yes, I see that gnome does so on my system:

$ apt-cache show gnome
...
Depends: ... abiword (>= 2.8) | libreoffice-gnome ...


I have experience with designers. Most I have met would trade immediate family members to keep the tools and workflow that they are used to.

I think it is very easy to under-appreciate how people use their tools, especially in a creative setting. If you have an idea and you need to get that "onto paper" as soon as possible, the very last thing you want to do is spend minutes hunting around, or worse yet, finding that what you'd like to do is unavailable.

Perhaps it's easier to understand the other way around. Imagine a series of mega-viruses made Linux (and the GNU tools) a non-viable platform. You'd fight for it still because —if you're anything like me— you'd be completely useless back on Windows.

As an implementer, you have dependants and a company that relies on their output (both quality and rate). You have to look at the bigger picture and factor it all in. You still have a few viable options though:

Train them on new tools. GIMP and InkScape are both great but there isn't feature parity and a great deal of features are in different places and work in different ways. It's not inconceivable that you could run a design shop on free tools though.

Note: Historical work might not be compatible with GIMP. This could cause serious issues.
Old tools through virtualisation. There are a number of ways to use Ubuntu as the main OS but use Windows-only tools like Photoshop.

I use a network-unaware XP install in VirtualBox with shared folders and that works well for me. Provided you have the licenses of Windows to support this, you could share the same sort of image over the network and have it scrub itself between boots. You could even use a kiosk mode to make the box only good for Photoshop.

But there are things like XenApp where you can run applications on a central Windows server out to any platform clients... But you'd be buying into an infrastructure change too.
Old tools, better platform. OSX can run the Adobe Creative Suite and most would agree it shares a fair amount of the technical benefits that Ubuntu does. It's still different so might still upset the designers but it's also fancy and swish, so that might impress them.
Old tools, old platform. Least immediate spend, highest designer approval factor... But it does leave you maintaining a pool of Windows systems.


Ubuntu terminal transparency is not working as expected

You can try changing the transparency of gnome-terminal using gconf-editor.

Open gconf-editor.
Go to app > gnome-terminal > profiles > Default.
Set the value of background-darkness.


Ubuntu command 'adduser' is not creating directory 'usertes' in '/home'

I've never used adduser because it's never worked the way I needed it to when I create a user.  However, useradd does work for my needs, but by default won't create the user directory, and isn't as friendly to use.

useradd --create-home USERNAME will create the home directory using default specifications for areas, namely /home/USERNAME

If you want a slightly more verbose version of user-add which I find to be most useful: useradd --create-home --user-group --shell /bin/bash USERNAME will create the home directory, also create a group that matches the user's name (it's how USER:USER can be seen in home directory ownership on new installs where USER is the username).

After you do either of those steps, you'll need to set a password: passwd USERNAME (as superuser or root, to set a password, even if its temporary)


Ubuntu 10.04 server as a transparent proxy filter (plus dans guardian)

If you already have a router hooked up to your DSL modem by way of the router's "internet" port, then this complicates things. Essentially you want to replace that router with a linux router that has the desired capabilities.

So the recommended setup would be

(internet)=----=[dsl modem]=----=[server w/ 2 nics]=-----=[LAN port of router/wifi AP/etc]---> all of your computers

Doing it this way should make the linked HOWTO work. You'll need to disable DHCP and UPnP on the router too, as that may interfere with your Linux's server's functioning.


It is software you installed yourself (/opt/ is purely used for 3rd party applications you install yourself from mostly pre-compiled archives (tar.gz or something similar) and not from USC or a debian install file (if software did automatically get installed there from Ubuntu Software Center or even a debian installer (.DEB). The FileSystem Hierarchy  we use has a strict rule on using /opt/)).

What you installed is probably clickpkg as part of their Ubuntu tasks app set (Ubuntu Tasks is a task management app written for Ubuntu Touch as part of the Ubuntu App Showdown.).

/opt/ is not used by "apt-get". If you want to get rid of it all you need to do to issudo rm -rf /opt/clickpkg. All software related to it -must- be in that directory when using /opt/ as an installation location.


How can I authenticate Ubuntu Software Center with user password?

If, when you say 'this account', you mean your own one then you don't need to change anything because what you're describing is the default behavior. I've just set up a 'standard' account on my own system to check and it's working fine. If you want people to install with their own password you just need to give them administrative privileges.


Is an easy way to import .dbf file contents into MySQL in terminal

I found a "dbf2mysql" package:

  This program takes an xBase file and sends queries to an MySQL server
  to  insert it into an MySQL table and vice versa.

I haven't tried it myself but it looks like it will do what you need. To install (and since you seem to be handy with the terminal):

sudo apt-get install dbf2mysql

this is the manpage.


dpkg: error processing package amavisd-new (--configure) when trying wordpress installation

The solution is to set your FQND (Fully Qualified Domain Name, e.g. mail.yourdomainname.com) in /etc/amavis/conf.d/05-node_id

It should look like this:

use strict;

# $myhostname is used by amavisd-new for node identification, and it is
# important to get it right (e.g. for ESMTP EHLO, loop detection, and so on).

chomp($myhostname = `hostname --fqdn`);

# To manually set $myhostname, edit the following line with the correct Fully
# Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) and remove the # at the beginning of the line.
#
$myhostname = "abc.def.ghi";

1;  # ensure a defined return


Developer PCMan is a medical student and hence a busy man. This and other reasons resulted in PCManFM being poorly maintained.

Developer ignorantguru took up the lead and developed SpaceFM, a worthy and more powerful successor to PCManFM. SpaceFM features many easily installable user-contributed plugins —some of yours truly— that will cater for many of your needs.

Follow the instructions for installing SpaceFM on Ubuntu (and Debian).

After installation, run exo-preferred-applications and choose spacefm as the default file manager:

You also will have to change a few MIME defaults:

xdg-mime default spacefm.desktop inode/directory application

The file ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list should also be edited.

Look for the line containing inode/directory=thunar.desktop;
and change it to read inode/directory=spacefm.desktop;

It is possible that you also will need to perform a similar edit of /usr/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache under administrative rights.

Finally, mimeopen -a filename might be helpful in debugging MIME type settings.

If you are using XFCE like I do, there remains one caveat. Links on the desktop will continue to open with Thunar. (Thunar cannot be uninstalled because of other dependant packages.) It seems that this behaviour for opening desktop links is hard-wired in XFCE 4.8.


Add extra shortcuts to the Ubuntu launcher quick keys

Unfortunately it is not possible.

Keep in mind you can add more shortcuts (similar to the ones in Unity) in the system settings.


17.10 GUI problem when connectiong to Juniper/Pulse VPN

I have succeeded to use the GUI to connect to a Juniper VPN.
To do so, I have installed the following package:

sudo apt-get install network-manager-openconnect-gnome

Then, when going to the VPN settings, in the Add VPN (+), there is a new entry "Cisco AnyConnect Compatible VPN (openconnect)" which allows to connect to a Juniper device.


I couldn't do anything, so I had to reinstall Ubuntu


Ubuntu Software only lists installed programs

In the menu bar at the top of Ubuntu Software click All in order to show all software, not just installed software.

Open the terminal and upgrade the list of available software by running these commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

If the default Ubuntu 18.04 repositories are missing from the sources.list file at /etc/apt/sources.list, you can replace it with a standard Ubuntu 18.04 sources list like in this answer. Make sure to run this command after changing sources.list to refresh the list of available software.

sudo apt update


How to install Intel Media Accelerator Driver in Ubuntu 12?

The Intel Graphics Media Accelerator Driver for Linux, can be downloaded Here.

Once downloaded, you need to extract the file, and install it.  For instructions on how to install .tar.gz, see How to install a .tar.gz (or .tar.bz2) file

You need to use the Ubuntu Mobile & Embedded (UME) file to install.  Also you can look at the Readme_gfx.txt for installation instructions.


Python error "version OPENSSL_1.0.0 not defined in file libcrypto.so.1.0.0..." when trying to run command in PHP scrip (LAMPP)

I tried to install normal server on my local machine. By "normal server" I mean apache2, php5, mysql, phpmyadmin. And it works. Lampp was removed.


What should I do with my Ubuntu phone now Ubuntu Touch is end-of-life?

Ubuntu touch is not dead. Ubports support the system. Now it is in OTA 3 from Ubports and the activity is increasing wiht telegram channels...

Now dekko 2 (email client) has push, and telegram has all functionality. The next step is to support anbox that will allow you to install android applications in ubuntu phone and move to Ubuntu 16.04.

But you need flash it. Visit https://ubports.com/page/get-ubuntu-touch for more information:

INSTRUCTIONS: Install using system-image server

Install the required tools:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-device-flash phablet-tools

Reboot your device into fastboot mode and Connect your device with an USB cable to your computer.
Download adb unlocked recovery: http://cdimage.ubports.com/devices/recovery-krillin.img

wget http://cdimage.ubports.com/devices/recovery-krillin.img

Flash your device using this command: (NOTE! This will wipe your phone!

 sudo ubuntu-device-flash --server=http://system-image.ubports.com touch --device=krillin \ --channel=ubports-touch/15.04/stable --bootstrap --recovery-image=recovery-krillin.img


How settings in systemd-resolved affect netplan settings?

I decided to run some experiments to understand systemd behavior. I began by starting sudo tcpdump -i [DEVICE_NAME] port not 22 so I can monitor all network traffic (except my ssh session on port 22). On another ssh terminal, I did an nslookup example.com, using a different website each time so it doesn't utilize its cache. Here are the results under the following settings:

Settings 1 (Different Global and Device DNS Servers)

resolved.conf

DNS=9.9.9.9
FallbackDNS=149.112.112.112

01-netcfg.yaml

[DEVICE_NAME]:
...
    nameservers:
        addresses: [8.26.56.26, 8.20.247.20]

Result:

... [SERVER_NAME] > dns9.quad9.net.domain ... A? [EXAMPLE.COM] (63)
... [SERVER_NAME] > ns1.recursive.dnsbycomodo.com.domain ... A? [EXAMPLE.COM] (63)
... dns9.quad9.net.domain > [SERVER_NAME] ... A [IP_ADDRESS] (56)
... [SERVER_NAME] > dns9.quad9.net.domain ... SOA? [EXAMPLE.COM] (63)
... ns1.recursive.dnsbycomodo.com.domain > [SERVER_NAME] ... A [IP_ADDRESS] (108)
... [SERVER_NAME] >  ns1.recursive.dnsbycomodo.com.domain ... SOA? [EXAMPLE.COM] (63)
...

These were just the first few lines, there were many more requests, but as can be seen, systemd-resolve is requesting records from BOTH the global (Quad9) and device (Comodo) DNS servers. As this is duplicate activity, I commented out the device name servers to see what happens.

Settings 2 (Global and No Device DNS Servers)

resolved.conf

DNS=9.9.9.9
FallbackDNS=149.112.112.112

01-netcfg.yaml

[DEVICE_NAME]:
...
    # nameservers:
        # addresses: [8.26.56.26, 8.20.247.20]

Result:

... [SERVER_NAME] > dns9.quad9.net.domain ... A? [EXAMPLE.COM] (59)
... dns9.quad9.net.domain > [SERVER_NAME] ... A [IP_ADDRESS] (52)
... [SERVER_NAME] > dns9.quad9.net.domain ... SOA? [EXAMPLE.COM] (59)
...

That's much better. It is only requesting from the global DNS server (Quad9) this time, and there is no error. Now, what happens if I set Quad9 as both my global and device DNS server?

Settings 3 (Same Global and Device DNS Servers)

resolved.conf

DNS=9.9.9.9
FallbackDNS=149.112.112.112

01-netcfg.yaml

[DEVICE_NAME]:
...
    nameservers:
        addresses: [9.9.9.9, 149.112.112.112] #changed this

Result:

... [SERVER_NAME] > dns9.quad9.net.domain ... A? [EXAMPLE.COM] (59)
... [SERVER_NAME] > dns9.quad9.net.domain ... A? [EXAMPLE.COM] (59)
... dns9.quad9.net.domain > [SERVER_NAME] ... A [IP_ADDRESS] A [2nd IP_ADDRESS] RRSIG (363)
... [SERVER_NAME] > dns9.quad9.net.domain ... DNSKEY? [EXAMPLE.COM] (59)
... dns9.quad9.net.domain > [SERVER_NAME] ... A [IP_ADDRESS] A [2nd IP_ADDRESS] RRSIG (363)
... [SERVER_NAME] > dns9.quad9.net.domain ... DNSKEY? [EXAMPLE.COM] (59)
... dns9.quad9.net.domain > [SERVER_NAME] ... DNSKEY, DNSKEY, DNSKEY, DNSKEY, RRSIG (1435)
...

It goes on, the first two A? requests were only microseconds apart. Further-down, I usually see two request for each record type, and usually two responses (though sometimes not). This suggests that even if the IP addresses for device and global are the same, it will treats them separately and request the DNS for the records twice. So lesson learned; don't do that.

Based on these results, I am going to remove all DNS declarations in 01-netcfg.yaml, and rely only on the global settings (Settings 2 from the experiments). Hopefully if someone else comes across this, this answer will spare them from having to conduct these experiments.


You can use HAR Viewer

  HAR Viewer is a web application (PHP) that allows to visualize HTTP tracing logs based on  HTTP Archive format (HAR). These files contain recorded information about HTTP traffic
   performed by web pages. A HAR log can be created by HTTP sniffer tools such as Firebug.

It's still web-based, somehow, but you can use it on a local server


Explain the file permissions, obtained from stat system call, using st_mode

Detailed explanation can be found at http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/man7/inode.7.html

The mask 0100000
means that this is a regular file: S_IFREG


Use automated script to kill java application started with maven commands:

I fixed this issue by using the nohup command that keep program running even after exiting terminal. Below is the command:
service='ServiceA'
command='mvn compile exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="pakcage.ServiceAApp"'
echo service | | xargs -L 1 -I {}  sh -c "cd '{}'; echo 'Changed directory to' '{}'; nohup ${commands} > $HOME/logs/${service}.log 2>&1 & echo  \$! > $HOME/pids/${service}.pid; "

I redirected the logs in .log file and save pid of the process started in a.pid file.
If I want to shutdown all the process started. I read all the .pid files and kill them like below:
s $HOME/pids | xargs -L 1 -I {}  sh -c " pkill -F $HOME/pids/'{}' ; echo 'Stopping service:'  {} | sed 's/\.[^.]*$//'; echo ''; "

Below is the whole script:
#!/usr/bin/env bash

ACTION="$1"

directories=('serviceA'
             'serviceB'
             'serviceC'
)

filenames=('serviceA'
             'serviceB'
             'serviceC'
)
commands=('mvn compile exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="pakcage.ServiceAApp"'
          'mvn compile exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="package.ServiceBApp"'
          'mvn compile exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="pakcage.ServiceCApp"')

if [[ -d $HOME/logs ]]
then
  #Directory Exists
  echo "Directory logs exits"
else
 mkdir $HOME/logs
 echo "Directory logs created in $HOME"
fi

if [[ -d $HOME/pids ]]
then
  #Directory Exists
  echo "Directory pids exits"
else
 mkdir $HOME/pids
 echo "Directory pids created in $HOME"
fi

if [[ $ACTION == "start" ]]
then
    #Starting all the service logic
    printf "Starting ... \n"

    for ((i=0; i<${#directories[@]}; ++i))
    do

        printf "\n"
        echo "${directories[$i]}" | xargs -L 1 -I {}  sh -c "cd '{}'; echo 'Changed directory to' '{}'; nohup ${commands[$i]} > $HOME/logs/${filenames[$i]}.log 2>&1 & echo  \$! > $HOME/pids/${filenames[$i]}.pid; "
        printf "Starting ${filenames[$i]} service. Check logs for more information in path: $HOME/logs/${filenames[$i]}.log \n"
        sleep 5s
    done

    printf "\nFinished the operation of starting the core services. \n"
    exit 0
    #end of starting all the service
elif [[ $ACTION == "stop" ]]
then
    #stopping all the service logic
    printf "Stopping ..."
   ls $HOME/pids | xargs -L 1 -I {}  sh -c " pkill -F $HOME/pids/'{}' ; echo 'Stopping service:'  {} | sed 's/\.[^.]*$//'; echo ''; "
    printf "\nFinished the operation of stopping the core services. \n"
    exit 0
    #end of stopping all the services
else
    printf "\nPass the argument 'start' for starting all the core services or the 'stop' argument for stopping all the core services \n"
    exit 1
fi


Slow or normal boot time on Dell XPS 9550?

Ok, I found out that two big culprits of the slow boot, at least on my Dell XPS 9550, were the LVM and encryption that I turned on during install.

It seems that with some SSD models, this causes a bug that adds up time at boot. I reinstalled without checking those those boxes and boot times are as follows:

Startup finished in 17.153s (firmware) + 7.527s (loader) + 5.377s (kernel) + 919ms (userspace) = 30.977s


Which version of NVIDIA Binary driver to choose in ubuntu 16.04?

Choose: Using NVIDIA binary driver - version 384.130 from nvidia-384 (proprietary)

That one is by Nvidia and has great performance. Unlike AMD, Nvidia open source drivers aren't nearly as good and proprietary. Blame Nvidia for not sharing with the community and thank AMD for providing support to open source community.

You can also grab the latest recommended driver straight from Nvidia. That driver was released in 2018. If you're gaming, get latest from Nvidia. Also take a look at the older drivers, but newer that 2018. In the past I've had difficulty getting Nvidia drivers to work, but Ubuntu 18.04 fixed most of those issues and newer kernels have better support.

https://www.nvidia.com/Download/driverResults.aspx/159360/en-us

Ubuntu 16.04 reaches End of Life in April 2021 so you have plenty of time. Consider installing HWE for best driver support via kernel.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack


Python 2 and 3 live in different worlds, they have their own environments and packages. In this case, if you just need a globally installed package available from the system Python 3 environment, you can use apt to install python3-nltk:

sudo apt install python3-nltk

Developing things against the system Python environment is a little risky though. As You update to newer releases of Ubuntu, these packages will update too. That can cause breakages. It can also mean you're held back on an older package of something.

For more localised development, I'd really consider looking into Virtualenv, pipenv, or one of the multitude of other separating techniques Python has at its disposal.

The official installation instructions would have you install the package with pip (or pip3) into the system environment. This will likely work but could have serious ramifications on the system you're doing it to. Ubuntu itself needs a Python environment so it's best not to mess around with it outside the things that a properly packaged.

Additionally, it passes the -U flag which will upgrade the package and anything it depends on to the latest PyPI-available version. Great for getting the latest and greatest, but what happens when you inadvertantly upgrade somehthing Ubuntu requires to an incompatible version?

If you read sudo pip install ... in documentation, the author might not understand the finer points of system package management. Seriously, it can trash an Ubuntu install.


Memory test memtest86+ freezes after a short while

There are reports of a bug in Memtest86+ 5.01 that causes freezes, usually in test 7. That said, there are also reports that it can also freeze in other tests on certain machines like ThinkPad Tx30. I have a ThinkPad T430s, which freezes no matter what RAM is installed when tested with Memtest86+ 5.01. Yet the same machine passes over and over with Memtest86+ 4.20 with the same RAM.


How to do a proper reboot, down to the BIOS, from the terminal?

sudo shutdown -r now

The option -r specifies reboot
The option now can be replaced with a time in minutes; for example +5


add machines and devices to MAAS with CLI

maas <user> nodes is a read-only endpoint to read nodes. Nodes are a generic term for all Machines, Devices, and Controllers in MAAS. To be able to add a machine or device you must use the correct endpoint.

Add a machine:

maas <user> machines create [params]...

Add a device:

maas <user> devices create [params]...


"no caching mode page found" error in Ubuntu without any drive partition

I had the same issue before and I solved it according to the following steps:

I've created a USB key with the live of Mint distro and I booted the
machine with it.
List your partitions using the following command:

  sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda

I got the following output where sda the only drive on my machine, notice that your linux partition is /dev/sda1

Disk /dev/sda: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa71bc45b

Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *         2048 480393215 480391168 229.1G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       480395262 488396799   8001538   3.8G  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       480395264 488396799   8001536   3.8G 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Then, I executed the following command which rescue my disk again

  sudo fsck -yv /dev/sda1

and I got the following result

fsck from util-linux 2.27.1
e2fsck 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
/dev/sda1 contains a file system with errors, check forced.
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Inodes that were part of a corrupted orphan linked list found.  Fix? yes

Inode 11275098 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 11275099 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 11275100 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 11275101 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Inode 11280599 was part of the orphaned inode list.  FIXED.
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Error reading block 51389518 (Attempt to read block from filesystem resulted in short read) while reading directory block.  Ignore error? yes

Force rewrite? yes

Directory inode 12855288, block #0, offset 0: directory corrupted
Salvage? yes

Missing '.' in directory inode 12855288.
Fix? yes

Setting filetype for entry '.' in ??? (12855288) to 2.
Missing '..' in directory inode 12855288.
Fix? yes

Setting filetype for entry '..' in ??? (12855288) to 2.
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
'..' in /var/lib/docker/aufs/mnt/efa5ec50cb7cda556e07082ce6f284bc89209ffc566a91212110072d83e73e91 (12855288) is <The NULL inode> (0), should be /var/lib/docker/aufs/mnt (12468994).
Fix? yes

Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Inode 2 ref count is 23, should be 24.  Fix? yes

Inode 12468994 ref count is 58, should be 57.  Fix? yes

Pass 5: Checking group summary information
Block bitmap differences:  -(45219840--45220206)
Fix? yes

Free blocks count wrong for group #1380 (31392, counted=31759).
Fix? yes

Free blocks count wrong (47147739, counted=46915808).
Fix? yes

Inode bitmap differences:  -(11275097--11275101) -11280599
Fix? yes

Free inodes count wrong for group #1376 (5, counted=10).
Fix? yes

Free inodes count wrong for group #1377 (7279, counted=7280).
Fix? yes

Free inodes count wrong (14328772, counted=14270663).
Fix? yes

/dev/sda1: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****

      745273 inodes used (4.96%, out of 15015936)
        2132 non-contiguous files (0.3%)
         607 non-contiguous directories (0.1%)
             # of inodes with ind/dind/tind blocks: 0/0/0
             Extent depth histogram: 698409/204
    13133088 blocks used (21.87%, out of 60048896)
           0 bad blocks
           3 large files

      607356 regular files
       89743 directories
          56 character device files
          25 block device files
           0 fifos
       41620 links
       48079 symbolic links (46566 fast symbolic links)
           5 sockets
------------
      786884 files

Finally, my machine worked fine without re installation.


Google Chrome icon is fuzzy/blurry in Docky

I ran into this problem myself. I fixed it by editing the google-chrome.desktop file found in /usr/share/applications

sudo vi /usr/share/applications/google-chrome.desktop

You'll find a line

Exec=/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable %U

I changed mine to

Exec=google-chrome %U

After restarting Google Chrome the icon was all shiny and nice :)

Hope this helps.


After your first step make a link by using -

sudo ln -s /opt/eclipse/eclipse /usr/bin/eclipse

Creating unity launcher icon-

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop

paste the following lines as it is-

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Eclipse
Exec=env UBUNTU_MENUPROXY= eclipse
Terminal=false
Icon=/opt/eclipse/icon.xpm
Type=Application
Categories=IDE;Development
X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=NewWindow
[NewWindow Shortcut Group]
Name=New Window
Exec=env UBUNTU_MENUPROXY= eclipse
TargetEnvironment=Unity

For custom theme make the file in home as-

gedit .gtkrc-2.0

and paste the information of theme.

now search for eclipse in dash, drag it to unity launcher . done.


Why, when on Kubuntu I lose internet connection, am I unable to reconnect?

OP posted the solution

  Well, here is a workaround to keep from rebooting in case anyone cares. sudo ifconfig "wlan0" down sudo ifconfig "wlan0" up Reconnect via network manager.


You need to terminate all user's bash sessions instead of killing self regenerating processes one by one: pkill -9 bash from user, which launched all those sessions.

To track what launces new bash processes, run terminal. Then run journalctl -f | grep bash inside of it and see what changes after some bash process was killed. You could not kill all bash processes now, because of this will kill the session with journalctl.

You could also try ps f -g PID to see some bash process tree. Those bash processes are children of some parent process you need to get name of.

If killed processes are being regenerated again, then they are scheduled in crontab or launched by systemd service.


How do I prevent the current kernel from being replaced in 11.10?

Use aptitude.  sudo aptitude hold linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic

this updates the sources and does an upgrade like synaptic/apt-get dist-upgrade would  sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude full-upgrade and with the first command your kernel will be held and ignored


How to view log of errors shown upon shutdown

There is no "shutdown.log" similar to /var/log/boot.log in the system, probably because the "root" filesystem will be unmounted by the time the last message is displayed on the screen.

However, some shutdown messages are logged into the "journal" (not in the same format as displayed on the screen of course) and can be viewed like this:

journalctl -b-1 | grep systemd

Here, the -b-1 option is for the previous journal to the current system boot. If you want to see information about not the last shutdown, but the one previous to that, you can use:

journalctl -b-2 | grep systemd

and so on.

To see information about system boot and shutdown times, you can use:

last reboot | head

As another solution to your problem look at the following answer:
 https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/115622/330980


Updating Ubuntu LTS does not upgrade the kernel version. Only security patches are being applied.
Current LTS release is bionic.
Ubuntu 18.4.1 (26.4.2018)

  Automatic kernel updates in LTS release are enabled by Hardware Enablement Stack only.

Ubuntu Kernel Release Shedule
Here you can see that no kernel upgrades in LTS were done unless HWE enabled.

Ubuntu LTS Kernel Support Shedule
Here you can see that only security patches have been implemented.

  Does Ubuntu LTS update libraries to versions where API elements may be changed/removed?
  The answer is no.

  Can I be confident that Ubuntu LTS will not upgrade packages which are not reverse compatible?
  The answer is yes you can.

The same applies to Debian stable.
Current stable release is stretch.
Debian 9.5 (released 14.7.2018, supported until 2022)

Development on linux
Best practice for software development in corporate environment is to run a virtual machine, so you can easily protect your work with snapshots.

  ExampleQubes OS is a security-oriented operating system, which allows you to run virtual machines (and templates, including debian) using XEN hypervisor (instead of KVM virtualization)

If you are using Qt and need to prevent it from updating, try setUpdatesEnabled(false); and to enable updates setUpdatesEnabled(true);


Why cannot xdg-desktop-menu-dummy.menu be backed up?

That file is empty and is a dummy, so, when is empty is not used, when is not empty DejaDup don't ignore him.

It doesn't say error... at most is an INFO message, in my system the file is empty and was recreated whenever I moved it. This kind of message can be safely ignored.


I ran into a very similar issue, but even a hard reset did not allow me to log in. The last thing I had done before the issue presented itself was install the indicator-multiload package.

I was lucky, and simply logging into a console (CTRL + ALT + F2) and uninstalling the package (sudo apt remove --purge indicator-multiload) fixed the problem.

I have not dived any deeper into this issue to see why (or even whether) this package caused said issue, but I postulate that it has something to do with the package's integration with the Gnome desktop.

Maybe you can try to think what packages you might have installed recently that could have interfered with Gnome and attempt to uninstall them. If doing so works, at least you can get back into your desktop environment and troubleshoot further.


No.

root is already a user in Ubuntu that is created so you can still do tasks that require global changes. The account you created Ubuntu with is a normal user with elevated privileges to make it a user that can do root tasks.

In 99.99% of the things you need to do you do not require root. In cases you do just type

sudo -i

and provide your password and you are a root use. Be ware: even if you are a single user keeping root active when you walk away of your system lets anyone do anything to your system; like erasing the disk, install software to track you, encrypting your disk.

You can use root to reset passwords for instance but can also do that from a live session or grub resque.

Example:

rinzwind@schijfwereld:~$ sudo -i
[sudo] password for rinzwind:
root@schijfwereld:~#


Gnupg: Breaks software-properties-common (<= 0.96.24.3) but 0.96.20.7 is to be installed

I had the same issue with a failed apt-get dist-upgrade. apt-get upgrade would just silently fail, but state that many packages weren't upgraded.

I upgraded gnupg individually and all was sorted out after that:

sudo apt install --only-upgrade gnupg


11.04 Live CD Doesn't Work (Black Screen)

Try to use 11.04 stable version (not beta). Bad news is unity does have video cards problem. some laptop does not load unity. I failed to install unity on a compaq laptop. Try to google this problem with your laptop model.


OK, so I don't know what the particular problem here might be, but here is a very basic approach that I usually take in such a case. Forgive me if you think it is too simplistic.

I usually open a terminal window and type

`top`

This is a terminal (ncurses) based program with a not very intuitive interface; there are more elaborate graphic alternatives, but I prefer this, because in itself it takes next to no resources.

By default, the list is ordered by CPU usage. However, pressing SHIFT-M sorts the list by memory usage.

I keep this window opened, either on a second monitor or resized to take 1/5 of the screen and "always on top". I start working normally, and watch the window. After a while it becomes apparent what are the main problems.

For memory, google-chrome is often one of the culprits (I'm one of these who open pathologically many tabs). For disk usage, watch for anything with "io" in the name. Do that, and post the results. Preferably at times when you would expect the OS to run smoothly (ie not while watching a movie).


How to start two Ubuntu applications in one go?

As I understand you need to edit your .desktop file. Add this line next to Exec:

sh -c "/usr/bin/XXX  & /usr/bin/YYY"

The -c flag tells to the shell that it has to read the  commands from string, instead of from the standard input.

If you use only /usr/bin/XXX  & /usr/bin/YYY it won't work. Just to add the reason why & doesn't work in a launcher, it's because & is a feature of the shell, and the launcher isn't a shell, its a much simpler environment for running commands.


what does this "snap-repair" error mean?

This is an issue as stated by @MichaelBay and the solution for now till a proper fix is done is:

sudo systemctl stop snap-repair.timer
sudo systemctl disable snap-repair.timer

So it does not come back after a reboot, which I assume it would, this kills the link

sudo systemctl stop snapd
sudo systemctl disable snapd

If you have need for snapd, don't run the latter two commands.

Solution provided by online user jdyke from source link

Source:

https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/ubuntu-snapd-with-no-snaps-installed-firing-recurring-hids-alerts/1997/6


Unable to remove Geanymotion from my pc...I'm doing it wrong?

Try uninstalling Genymotion using synaptic package manager
Install synaptic using command sudo apt-get install synaptic
Then open synaptic and search for Genymotion and uninstall the installed packages


As of January 2019 UKUU now requires a license. The teejee2008 ppa no longer includes the ukuu package, so if you try using that you will get the following error:

  E: Unable to locate package ukuu

Instead you will have to visit https://teejeetech.in/ukuu/ to purchase a license


"getent" doesn't show members in the group

A user doesn't need to be listed as the member of their primary group in the group database because that relationship is defined in the user's passwd entry. Generally, only supplementary group memberships are listed in the group database. Your outputs are consistent with this.


My Faenza icon theme contains an icon for spotify, but I can't seem to change the icon

The issue lies with the naming of the spotify icon. Faenza and other iconsets name their Spotify icons spotify while the Spotify launcher expects an icon named spotify-client.

There are two ways to solve this:

Edit /opt/spotify/spotify-client/spotify.desktop and replace Icon=spotify-client with Icon=spotify.

The problem with this method is that your changes will be reverted next time Spotify is updated.
Modify your icon theme to include a spotify-client icon by creating a new symlink to spotify.svg:

 sudo ln -s '/usr/share/icons/Faenza/apps/scalable/spotify.svg' '/usr/share/icons/Faenza/apps/scalable/spotify-client.svg'

Again, if you happen to update your Faenza theme you might lose these changes.

To preserve the changes to your icon theme you could copy /usr/share/icons/Faenza to $HOME/.local/share/icons.


Not able to install Eclipse from ubuntu software center

Try changing the download mirror. and if possible, manually download Eclipse from eclipse site and download jdk from Oracle. and then edit the eclipse.ini and add this line at the very beginning

-vm
/path_to_your_jdk/bin

that would give you a much better performance


Running remote X11 applications with unity menu and look and feel

Unity provides very limited ability to export it's desktop environment to remote machines.  CDE, it is not.

Instead, try using Unity Remote Desktop (VNC by any other name).  This is the 'Ubuntu approved' way to get the full Unity desktop running on your remote X server.  You will have the 'look and feel' because you are, in fact, actually using your Unity desktop for all your apps via (the VNC X client running on) your local X server.


More than 9 NVME devices running start to bottleneck in linux, Ubunutu 16/18

It may be worth checking to see where the bottle neck is with perf.

Install with:

sudo apt-get install linux-tools

Record events, say for 20 seconds at 1000 samples per second:

sudo perf record -a -F 1000 sleep 20

..and see where the bottle neck is occurring:

sudo perf report

Refer to https://perf.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Tutorial for more details on perf.  A really useful article on monitoring memory bandwidth utilization with perf is https://yunmingzhang.wordpress.com/2015/07/22/measure-memory-bandwidth-using-uncore-counters/

Alternatively, this may be memory/cache bandwidth limited, in which case the pqos tool can be used on some modern processors to monitor the cache utilization:

sudo apt-get install intel-cmt-cat
sudo modprobe msr
sudo pqos -r


Since you connect through a router, "the IP address given by ISP" should not be in the interfaces config file. Routers usually use IPs of the following type 192.168.x.x or 10.x.x.x, depending on the router. These are private IPs, and they are always different from the ones assigned by ISPs. The result of putting such an IP into the config file is - you get no internal IP, as the router can't provide the one you ask for. There are numerous examples of the interfaces config file on the net. Here is one from the LinuxJournal you might find useful:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.200
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameservers 192.168.1.1

The title seems irrelevant to the body of the question, but if you need a static public IP, either contact your ISP, or use services like NOIP or DYNDNS.


How to install libdb4.8++-dev or equivalent on 13.10?

From nullnoname answer. Here is what I did for ubuntu 16:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bitcoin/bitcoin
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y libdb4.8-dev libdb4.8++-dev


Use VMware or virtualbox to run a Linux system on Windows is a very good solution for you.


Mount and unmount directory on service startup

Run man mount and also research the /etc/fstab config file. After you absorb those ideas, it should empower you to write a wrapper script that executes the desired commands.


Ubuntu doesn't use external drive properly

It seems that usage of NTFS and exFAT on Linux is quite slow. Formatting to ext4 solved the problem, and in my case, I found the possibility to do all necessary backups from my dual boot using only Linux (NTFS works fast enough in my NVMe).
For me, this behavior seemed so strange that I wrote this question, but it looks like a common performance problem on Linux of these filesystems.


Ubuntu One files are downloaded but not available

As Suggested by Nathan Dyer I tried deleting the suggested config which did not work well.
I did some further research and found the following thread:

Thread Posting on ubuntuforums.org

I followed steps 1 to 6 described there but modified the actions a bit.

Remove the Computer via the Ubuntu One Client
Quit Ubuntu One
Run u1sdtool -q && killall ubuntuone-syncdaemon
Remove ubuntu one stetting and cache as suggested by Nathan Dyer

rm -rf ~/.local/share/ubuntuone ~/.cache/ubuntuone ~/.config/ubuntuone

Remove/Rename ubuntu on folder

mv ~/Ubuntu\ One ~/old.u1

Remove all other folders that were synced with u1 including .ubuntuone

rm -fr ~/.ubuntuone

Open Unity Dash and find the "Passwords and Encryption Keys" application. Go to the Passwords tab, delete all Couch DB and Ubuntu One tokens
Open the Ubuntu One client again and re-register the computer for sync

After going through all this U1 synced everything from scratch and it finally solved ma issues. I guess step 7 (removing all tokens) did the trick.

I hope this might help someone having the same problem.


Getting C++ library to work on ubuntu 14.04

This is ok:

git clone https://github.com/andrewprock/pokerstove.git
mkdir pokerstove/src/build
cd pokerstove/src/build
cmake ..
make

After that, the binaries will be in:

~/pokerstove/src/build/bin

Run the binary with:

~/pokerstove/src/build/bin/ps-eval


Ubuntu on "HP Chromebook 13 G1" with 3200x1800. Does crouton or native install work fine?

Crouton will work, and installing Ubuntu Desktop via Crouton is easy. However: you will have Chrome OS running "in the background" and it'll be used for all the low level hardware stuff. The Ubuntu Desktop is more or less running as an App on top of Chrome OS. Also note that Crouton requires developer mode, and that (sadly) disables the bootloader signature verification.

By the way: screen scaling (aka pixel doubling) on the Ubuntu Desktop works okay-ish. Be prepared to run into Apps that don't work without some tinkering (unfortunately, Chrome, Chromium, and Firefox were among them last time I checked).

Installing Ubuntu natively on Chromebooks is fraught with difficulties and incompatibilities, but you can certainly make it work if you don't mind a little tinkering. On some Chromebooks, there are audio driver problems, adjusting screen brightness may not work, the touchscreens have always been kind of a hack to get working, you may have (very annoying) power management issues... The list goes on.

I run a minimal Ubuntu installation via Crouton that I only access from the command line. For everything else, I use Google Spyware (i.e. Chrome, which I would have installed anyway). And that setup, if you can live with the privacy nightmare, works absolutely wonderfully.

You can install Chromium OS, the open source spyware, but I've never got it working properly. They make it really difficult, with so-so support for new hardware and an installation procedure that's, shall we say, not easy.

So in summary: Crouton works like a dream, native Ubuntu installs are probably worse than they would be on a ThinkPad, a MacBook Pro, or a Dell XPS, and it's kind of difficult to get rid of Google Chrome OS.


I had a similar problem, lock-screen every 10minutes. I always managed to log back in though.

In my case, I had to set to "off" the light locker option in the
Preferences > light locker settings

Hopefully it will fix the lockscreen.
About the other issue, which error do you get? In which way you can't log back?


It seems that GRUB doesn't support extended partitions.


Why does HDMI sound stop working when not used?

I have installed the latest driver from the AMD website after removing and purging FGLRX and it appears to be fixed

Time will tell but initial tests of switching TV off and on the problem does not occur


SOLVED: Installing ethernet driver in Kubuntu 14.04 without internet connection

If you can ping any Gateway, you don't need an ethernet driver, because ethernet is already working.

From what you described, I would say your network setup is just wrong. You most probably need to configure a proper routing setup so that your host knows how to get to the outside world. If available in your network, try first using DHCP.

Now, depending on the kind of Ubuntu setup you are running (Ubuntu, Kubuntu, pure server Ubuntu), you might want to review different articles for configuring that:

Gnome: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NetworkManager
KDE: http://www.kubuntu.org/docs/kquickguide/C/ch02s06.html
terminal guide: https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/network-configuration.html


For Unity-related configuration resetting, take a look here.

For Ubuntu 17.10 and higher, you can reset all the settings using dconf.

This command will delete your configuration files. Once it's run there is no going back!

Still with me?

GNOME2

Run the following in the terminal or Alt+F2:

rm -rf .gnome .gnome2 .gconf .gconfd .metacity

That will do is remove all the GNOME2 configuration settings. Log out, and log back in. You'll be back to a stock desktop.

You can backup before playing around with your settings in the future:

mkdir ./.old-gnome-config && mv ./.gnome* ./.old-gnome-config && mv .gconf* ./.old-gnome-config && mv ./.metacity ./.old-gnome-config

GNOME3

If your config isn't worth saving run the following:

rm -rf .gnome .gnome2 .gconf .gconfd .metacity .cache .dbus .dmrc .mission-control .thumbnails ~/.config/dconf/user ~.compiz*

To back up and reset GNOME3:

mkdir ./.old-gnome-config/ && mv ./.gnome* ./.old-gnome-config/ && mv .gconf* ./.old-gnome-config/ && mv ./.metacity ./.old-gnome-config/ && mv ./.cache ./.old-gnome-config/ && mv ./.dbus ./.old-gnome-config/ && mv ./.dmrc ./.old-gnome-config/ && mv ./.mission-control ./.old-gnome-config/ && mv ./.thumbnails ./.old-gnome-config/   && mv ~/.config/dconf/* ./.old-gnome-config/


Wifi connection keeps dropping on 16.04 (Realtek RTL8812AE)

This issue is common with that chipset.

I had that problem too until I downgraded my kernel to 4.8.0-58, then the problem disappeared, but after a while (and maybe some system updates) it started to happen again.

After some research and looking at logs I noticed that this only seemed to happen on Access Points (note: still on the 4.8.0-58 kernel) where I get either authentication timeouts or power reductions of the WiFi Adapter in the dmesg, which I unfortunately don't have a fix for.

The only thing I have been able to evade this is to use an external WiFi Adapter, but I guess that won't help you much.

The only thing I can advise is to revert to an older kernel (for me the version 4.8.0-58 helped), you'll find lots of tutorials about this on the Internet.


How do I get my Xbox360 controller to work in Ubuntu 12.10?

Your problem here isn't with Ubuntu or The Walking Dead, it's with Wine. That's the compatibility layer you're using to be able to play a Windows game on a Linux operating system.

I've already asked about this but unfortunately Wine just doesn't support joysticks in any meaningful at the moment. I'm sure there are some edge cases but there you go.

There is one workaround that I know of that may work for some things: Mapping the joystick into keyboard controls. It's messy as hell, and you lose the resolution of the sticks but for some things, this will be enough. You'll need to use xboxdrv for this, so blocking the built-in xpad module may be necessary.

Here's an example:

xboxdrv --trigger-as-button --ui-axismap x2=ABS_Z,y2=ABS_RZ --ui-buttonmap A=BTN_B,B=BTN_X,X=BTN_A,TR=BTN_THUMBL,TL=BTN_MODE,GUIDE=BTN_THUMBR

I've lifted that almost verbatim from a thread on the xboxdrv forum. It's targeting Rage so in all likelihood it's not going to be perfect for you and you'll need to play around with the mappings.


Seeing as you tried fglrx-updates, I recommend using just fglrx. The updates version tends to be buggy, since it's mainly beta releases.


How to get active window address (pwd of gui)?

For what application(s) in particular do you wish to have this feature? If a given app doesn't support this, probably the easiest is if you patch it to add this feature.

There are several fundamental problems with the approach you're looking for.

First, I don't know if it's possible to locate the process belonging to a certain window. On X Window (maybe Wayland too, I'm not sure) a window might be opened by a remote process (that is, running on another computer), and no local process belonging to that window. In that case it's obviously impossible to locate the process and figure out its working directory. I'm not sure if there's a way to locate at least the local processes, probably not.

On Wayland, having a global shortcut which peeks into other windows' properties is probably impossible due to its security model, although I'm not familiar with the details.

But let's suppose that somehow you manage to locate the process belonging to the currently active window. Perhaps using heuristics like "if the window title is Files then locate the nautilus process".

You can then easily check the working directory of that process (under /proc/<PID>/cwd), but will it be what you're looking for? Most likely not. I'm not familiar with Dolphin, so let's take Nautilus as our example. It is a single process that can open multiple windows, each showing a different directory. As such, it clearly cannot change its working directory to the one displayed, since there are multiple directories it shows you, yet a single working directory the process can have. So the value under /proc wouldn't get you what you're looking for. There is no reasonable way you could peek into the process's behavior to the extent to figure out which directory path belongs to which window, unless the app somehow explicitly supports providing this information to you.


Changing the search keywords finally brought me the answer:

http://localhost:631/


Connot save link to secondary drive on desktop 19.04

Try ln command to make symbolic link to your secondary drive.

You can then directly jump to your secondary drive from your Desktop


Upgrade problem in Ubuntu 12.6 and 14.04

I had the same problem with an Android TV stick. It ran Ubuntu 12.04/12.06 very well, but it refused to show the desktop in Ubuntu 14.04. That's because Canonical made great changes in the Unity desktop and raised the minimum video requirements very high for 14.04.

You should change Ubuntu for Lubuntu or Xubuntu. These have lighter desktops than Ubuntu's Unity. They should work fine.


Your system is missing zlib, a very common data compression library. I think that the package manager doesn't rely on it any more, so you should be able to run

sudo apt-get install --reinstall zlib1g

to fix the issue. There is a high chance your package dependencies are still messed up after that, so I recommend a sanitary

sudo apt-get install -f

to check for and (hopefully fix) any remaining package management issues.


Remove User interaction from apt-get when installing/removing things in a script

You need to use apt-get --yes. Quoting from the man page (man apt-get):

  -y, --yes, --assume-yes

  Automatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to all prompts and run
  non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held
  package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an
  essential package occurs then apt-get will abort. Configuration Item:
  APT::Get::Assume-Yes.

For example:

apt-get install --yes gedit

To reduce the output you can redirect it to /dev/null (only errors will be shown):

apt-get install --yes gedit > /dev/null

To make it produce zero output (not even print errors):

apt-get install --yes gedit &> /dev/null

Then, if something goes wrong, you will be able to find information in /var/log/apt.


I've sort of solved a similar issue using this https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2351990:

amixer set Master 1+
amixer set Master 1-
amixer -D pulse set Master toggle

It remains to bind the commands with the keys.  In my case, with OpenBox, I used the following in .config/openbox/rc.xml:

<keyboard>
  ...
  <keybind key="XF86AudioRaiseVolume">
    <action name="Execute">
      <command>amixer set Master 1+</command>
    </action>
  </keybind>
  <keybind key="XF86AudioLowerVolume">
    <action name="Execute">
      <command>amixer set Master 1-</command>
    </action>
  </keybind>
  <keybind key="XF86AudioMute">
    <action name="Execute">
      <command>amixer -D pulse set Master toggle</command>
    </action>
  </keybind>
</keyboard>


how can i kill all established connections before running iptables bash scrip

You can flush the entire connection tacking table with this command:

sudo conntrack --flush

You will need the conntrack package:

sudo apt install conntrack


DNS Records Configuration - Going Straight to Spam Box?

I used https://mxtoolbox.com/SuperTool.aspx to study your domain DNS setup and everything looks as expected for the mail server, MX records, and SPF record.  You've already met the basic requirements below, and next steps for you are to setup DKIM signing on your email server (and publish the public key) and lastly (and optionally) publish a DMARC policy as described closer to the end below.
Minimal Incoming email requirements:

a server running an SMTP agent to receive mail for your domain.  This is the "inbound SMTP server" with typical hostname "mail.example.com".
a DNS MX record for your top-level domain pointing to the above inbound email server hostname.
a DNS A record for the inbound email server hostname (maps hostname to IPv4)
an email client that accesses your received email (over POP3 or IMAP) stored on the inbound SMTP server for you domain.

Minimum Outgoing mail requirements:

an email client to compose email, configured with the name of an SMTP submission server and your credentials on that server.
an SMTP submission server, also call an "outbound SMTP server", configured to accept outbound email for your domain from clients, to authenticate the clients (will likely have a TLS certificate for inbound connections from clients), and then to forward those outbound email's to the Internet.
Assuming that you manage the outbound SMTP server (may or may not be same server as the inbound SMTP server and may or may not even be part of your domain), then you also need to setup:

a DNS A record for the outbound server's primary hostname (part of the basic server setup). The SMTP server's configuration must be setup to announce its primary hostname when making outgoing connections (maybe mail.example.com).  Note, a different secondary hostname might also be mapped to this server for submission, such as smtp.example.com, which needs another A or CNAME record and a matching TLS certificate.
a DNS PTR record mapping the IPv4 address of the outbound email server to the outbound server's primary hostname.  This must be requested from the ISP providing Internet connection to your server AFTER you setup the server hostname A record.

create an DNS SPF record on your top-level domain that includes your outbound SMTP server's IPv4 address or fully qualified domain name (mail.example.com), using the IPv4 address directly is best. You should do this even if you don't manage the submission server (the people who manage the submission server should tell you the right info for your SPF record to identify their outbound SMTP server, example setup for google apps users).  The SPF record helps Internet servers have more confidence when receiving your email, but still doesn't protect someone from spoofing your domain name in the FROM: header of an email if they send the email from server on a domain they control by having envelope sender address (the MAIL FROM or envelope from) be their domain instead of yours.

Next I recommend sign outbound emails using DKIM to build a better reputation for your domain's email. Even if you don't own the outgoing email server, DKIM signing can still be done on their server if they provide you the public key information to publish.  There are websites that can check your DKIM signing by sending them a test email I've found helpful.

create public/private keypair on the outbound server and decide on a key selector name
publish the public key in a DNS DKIM record for your top-level domain and key selector name

A final optional step is to publish a DMARC policy for your domain, again the goal is to help increase the confidence in email received from your domain.  This is the most complicated part and many domains do not yet have this in place. It's a big topic, but basically your DMARC policy tells the rest of the Internet what to expect when receiving email from your domain and what you wish them to do if they receive an email that does not meet your published expectations.  My understanding is that the best case is you setup DKIM signing and a restrictive DMARC policy, then you send all your outbound email through your server that does the DKIM signing.  Once that is done, the SPF record is not really necessary anymore because DKIM provides more comprehensive protection with authentication of the critical header data, especially the FROM: header.  Google has some very good documentation on setting up a DMARC policy.  Good Luck!


Will i get a Multiple OS boot choice after installing Ubuntu with Windows 7?

Traditional Install (through bootable USB/DVD)

If you install from a bootable disc or USB stick, if everything goes correctly (which is the case 99% of the time for most computers/laptops), you'll get a bootloader option right after the BIOS screen.

This is called Grub, which is the default bootloader for Ubuntu. From there you'll be able to choose between the different OS's installed in the different partitions and/or disks on your computer.

Basically, Grub will be written into somewhere in the first 100 GB sector (the MBR, or Master Boot Record) of your hard disk (if there are multiple disks, the BIOS will look based on the boot order configured in the BIOS settings). The BIOS will be looking for a bootloader there, find Grub, which will let you choose as mentioned above.

Just make sure you don't end up wiping the partition where Windows 7 is currently residing. There's an option during install that does the partitioning and stuff for you automatically, so it shouldn't be a problem :)

Wubi Install (not recommended)

When installing using the Wubi method, Ubuntu is installed similar as an application while you're in Windows 7. It creates a virtual disk image and puts all the necessary files in there.

In this case you'll get the Windows bootloader. Far more inferior than Grub in many ways. A lot of people also have problems with Wubi installations (whether it's during or after the install, bad stuff happens almost all the time). So I strongly discourage you from going this route!


Broken Package, after force installation of libstd++ ubuntu 16.04.01

With the release of new packages in distribution that are dependent to upgrade, everything worked out with sudo apt -f install. Each dependencies are fixed.


Why isn't another member of a group able to use a directory?

You need the execute bit set for the group on the directory too to be able to search for directories and allow members permission to enter the directory:

chmod g+x /opt/IDE


screen is not locked after suspend/lid closed

Not a solution, but you may use this script as a workaround:

#!/bin/bash
qdbus com.canonical.Unity /com/canonical/Unity/Session com.canonical.Unity.Session.Lock &&
qdbus com.canonical.Unity  /com/canonical/Unity/Session com.canonical.Unity.Session.Suspend

This works with stock Ubuntu with Unity desktop. The approach is specific to Unity, although there are dbus calls to suspend regardless of the desktop environment. For 16.04 , one could use systemctl suspend command. See the relevant post: https://askubuntu.com/a/1795/295286

Alternative (older answer, edited)

One of the other tools for suspending, that works regardless of the Ubuntu version is pm-suspend. Problem is that it requires root privilege. To work around that, add pm-suspend to /etc/sudoers file to be executed without password ( more info here ).

In particular, in my /etc/sudoers I have the following:

# Allow using pm-suspend for my user without password
serg ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/pm-suspend

Thus, you can use:

sh -c 'gnome-screensaver-command -l && sudo pm-suspend'

The sudo pm-suspend won't prompt you for password then.


Something is overriding Sublime Text's shortcut Ctrl+Alt+P

I'm using Regolith, which is an I3wm, and had the same issue.  The keyboard command Ctrl+Alt+P is assigned to "Sync the primary selection to the clipboard".  You can find that here:
Settings -> Devices -> Keyboard
You can reassign that action to another key combination, and this will free that up for use in Sublime Text.


Grub Menu doesn't appear when pressing SHIFT

The issue is solved by modifying the parameter GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT in the /etc/default/grub file (need to be super user to modify it), and (as always to apply configuration changes made in this file) running sudo update-grub.

Changing the value from 0 to some positive value allows to enter the GRUB menu by pressing Shift during boot.

For those not familiar with updating your GRUB settings:

Press Ctrl+Alt+T to open a terminal.
Run gksu gedit /etc/default/grub.
Change the GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT line as above, save it, and close gedit.
Run sudo update-grub.  You can now restart.

If you want from the GUI

To open the terminal:

Open Dash (Super Key) or Applications and type terminal

For older or Ubuntu versions:

Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal

Then type the command gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

and then change the value in GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT as above.

Save it and close the editor.

and run sudo update-grub in the terminal.


How to revert to Unity from Xfce desktop at Ubuntu 14.04

In most cases the following command should work:

sudo apt-get purge xfconf xfce4-utils xfwm4 xfce4-session thunar xfdesktop4 exo-utils xfce4-panel xfce4-terminal
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get update

If not, first get a list of packages installed by xfce. Run:

  dpkg --get-selections | grep xfce

Look at the installed packages and then purge them by:

sudo apt-get purge <package1><package2><package3>
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get update


How to configure a static IP address, but DNS via DHCP

With DHCP, you get the DNS nameserver addresses that the router gets when it gets an IP address from your internet service provider (ISP). You can use the DNS nameserver addresses the router has like this:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
  address 10.152.187.122
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 10.152.187.1
  dns-nameservers 10.152.187.1


It is most likely been proven that Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS 64-bit will work on your device. Please check this link for more details:

http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/hardware/201307-13930/

As mentioned, check out this guide of how to install Ubuntu: How do I install Ubuntu?


Accidentally hit ctrl+alt+f12 and then ctrl+alt+f2 and rebooted

You are hitting one of the rough edges of Linux. Ctrl+Alt+Fx keys move to different virtual consoles. On F12, no virtual console is set up, so you see just a blinking cursor.
On standard Ubuntu, your running desktop is on tty2. You can return to it hitting Ctrl+Alt+F2 or simply Alt+F2. Alt+F1 would bring you to the login manager GDM, running on tty1.
Kubuntu may still be set up the traditional way, because you indicate Alt+F2 gives you a console. Formerly, also on standard Ubuntu, the graphical session was running on Alt+F7. So next time, try that combination: it should bring you back to your graphical desktop.
I called this a "linux rough edge" because this is obviously very obscure and highly confusing for new users. It is of course not anymore a problem once you know what that is and how it works.


ALFA usb wifi dongle not showing up in ifconfig

The problem was that the drivers I was testing were the wrong ones. Thanks to u/XFM2z8BH on reddit, I found the right one.

Just had to do this to get it running:

sudo apt-get install git build-essential
git clone git://github.com/ulli-kroll/rtl8188fu
cd rtl8188fu
make
sudo make installfw
sudo modprobe cfg80211
sudo insmod rtl8188fu.ko


How can I run SSH as a different user on the same Ubuntu installation?

Alternative 1 - Configuring sudo

Sudo is configure in the sudoers file which you should only edit through the visudo command.

This configuration file can override certain environment variables with the option env_reset. How to proceed:

visudo

Then find a line that states:

Defaults env_reset

and add after it (e.g. example with the HOME environement):

Defaults env_keep = "HOME"

This example is for every sudo configuration you may have. You can also specify it on a per user/group basis. See sudoers manual page.

Alternative 2 - configuring SSH

You can use the configuration file of SSH to specify users, key to use, etc. I have explain that at SuperUser.

Proposed solution (but you will have to correct the missing and assumed bits), edit the file /root/.ssh/config and set its permission chmod 0600 /root/.ssh/config:

Host host.com
  User dan
  IdentityFile /home/dan/.ssh/id_rsa

Then as root, you can do the next command and it will use the proper SSH identifications:

git clone host.com:git-repo $PATH_TO_INSTALLATION


How do I apt-get a 32-bit package on a 64-bit installation?

Solution for Ubuntu 11.10 or Later

Since Ubuntu 11.10 it shouldn’t be necessary anymore to use getlibs or some other workaround. The package system on 64 bit systems is now able to manage 32 bit libraries in parallel to the 64 bit libraries. You can even easily install complete applications with all their dependencies now!

Simply add :i386 to the name of the package you would like to install.

For example, I needed a 32 bit version of Java 7 and could install it (along with all its dependencies) simply by running:

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk:i386


flash drive 3.0 not detected on 2.0 usb port

No. You need a USB 3.0 port to use it as a USB 3.0 device. You can still use it at USB 2.0 speeds.


For login loop.

At login screen dont sign in press Ctrl Alt F3. If you fall into terminal sign in and then run:

ls -lah | grep -i Xauthority

Out put should be:

-rw-------  1 username username   53 Apr  6 00:39 .Xauthority

If it is root then run:

sudo chown username:username .Xauthority

Check /tmp, run:

sudo ls -lah /tmp

If the permissions of the top one "." is drwxrwxrwt it's OK otherwise run:

sudo chmod 1777 /tmp

If all the above fail change your display manager to lightdm. Command:

sudo apt install lightdm

During the install you will be asked to choose, choose lightdm.

If the output is something like

0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.

run:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

When you are asked to choose, choose lightdm.

Reboot

It should work.