How can I accept the Lience agreement for steam prior to apt-get install?

As stated in the original question you can simply use the command line to set the required values before you attempt to install Steam.

echo steam steam/question select "I AGREE" | sudo debconf-set-selections
echo steam steam/license note '' | sudo debconf-set-selections

It is likely there was a bug in the package (packaging is notoriously hard if it isn't your primary responsibility) and later versions should now work and read the pre-accepted license from the debconf database. This means you shouldn't get prompted.

sudo apt-get install steam

The typical format is below:

echo package package/key {boolean,string} {true, some string} | sudo debconf-set-selections
sudo apt-get install package

The helpful Q&A for this was https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/106553


I finally figured this out, for some reason, pulse audio was muting python.  I went to System Settings, Sound, Applications, and Python was muted.  By un-muting it, sound began to work on Openshot.


Ubuntu 14.04 - External Hard Disk not detected via USB Hub but detected when directly connected

Thanks for the comments. The problem was with the hub itself. There was an issue with the power input jack that gave a not so consistent power supply to the hub, hence disks kept showing on and off.
Fixed that, all working now.


running old msdos/windows program qa4 ver 4.0 on ubuntu 13.10

According to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q&A_(Symantec), Q&A by Symantec has been superseded by Sesame Database Manager (Lantica Software, LLC).

Thus, I recommend to give a try for the trial of Sesame Database Manager, as it also supports Linux, http://lantica.com/Support/downloads.html


rmmod just unloads kernel modules but doesn't remove them from the kernel.

You need to recompile the kernel. See What's a simple way to recompile the kernel?  for how to do that.

When recompiling to have to change the kernel's configuration in the make menuconfig or make xconfig step and remove the modules and other unneeded features there. The new kernel's configuration isn't affected by rmmod.


bash script: {dir1,dir2,dir3} expansion not working as expected from variable, for picking a random file

Brace expansion doesn't occur within a variable assignment, as explained here:

Why do tilde prefixes expand prior to assignment, but braces don't

In other contexts, the quotes would have prevented brace expansion as well.

Even if you do manage to get srcDir to expand to a list of directories, quoting it again in the find command will cause it to be treated as a single argument instead of 3 separate paths.

Probably the right way to do this in bash is to use an array:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -x
srcDir=("/home/user/Desktop/wallPapers/"{dir1,dir2,dir3})
randomFile=$(find "${srcDir[@]}" -type f -iname "*.jpg" | shuf -n 1)
printf '[%s]\n' "$randomFile"
set +x


HTTP Proxy only - now sites over HTTPS not working

Since you're getting the error "Your connection is not secure", it appears that your company's network is launching a man-in-the-middle attack to try to break all of your secure connections. You'll have to ask your IT department why they're doing this. Note that their "fix" will likely be to install their own root certificate on your computer, which will make the errors you see go away, but won't actually make your connections secure (as they'll then be able to decrypt them with their root certificate).


did you control those variable, as I ask in the previous comment?


Setup with BIOS but GPT partition table (due to 3 TB disk)?

You need to create a bios_grub partition on the disk.  You can do this with parted and setting the bios_grub flag on the partition.  1 MiB is sufficient, but it needs to be in the lower 2TiB of the disk.


Probably not, but Ubuntu is no less vulnerable to for instance security holes in Chrome than Windows is. The difference is that there is less malware available for Ubuntu.

Fake browser extensions, that does not rely on native code, would probably run equally well on Ubuntu. So a good tip is to check your browsers list of extensions, and see if you notice anything unusual, like high cpu use.


Could not calculate the upgrade on distribution upgrade

Had a similar issue. I then found this thread - removing the ia32-libs package as rockorequin suggested solved my problem.


You can restart lightdm to try login again:

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 which opens a TTY. There enter your username and password
Type service lightdm restart try login again
If your login was successful show us output of df -h

thanks


Ubuntu server 12.04 made into squashfs (toram) and frequent start-up kernel panics

I've managed to figure this out.

Apparently the old drive on which I've stored the filesystem image sometimes isn't ready when an access attempt is made (and I found out about that by accident). I never expected a live-boot version marked as 'stable' to not have the functionality to wait for the drive to become ready, but that appears to be the case. Fortunately I found out that there's a 4.x alpha branch and updating to 4.0~alpha21 solved my issue.

I also made sure that the problem wasn't associated with my kernel and got the exact same result with 3.11.0-20.34 kernel sources compiled on the machine in question.


Printer works fine; refuses to print duplex

Okay, I found this solution that works for me. Basically, these are the required steps:

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:inameiname/stable
sudo apt-get -y install cnijfilter-common-64 cnijfilter-mg5300series-64

I honestly don't know what that repository is or why that one works better than the one provided with Ubuntu. I just see that this works better than anything else I've tried so far.

I also note that the PPA from michael-gruz/canon (mentioned here for example) doesn't seem to work with 14.04 (anymore?).


I think what you're asking is how to zero-pad the hexadecimal elements of the colon-separated string in the third field. That's (perhaps surprisingly) hard to do in awk because:

the %s (string) format specifier doesn't support zero-padding (neither in awk nor in the underlying C function AFAIK)

and

if you use the appropriate numeric format %02x then the arguments are implicitly converted as decimal digits first (discarding a-f as garbage) - resulting in incorrect hexadecimal values.

If you have GNU awk, you can manipulate and convert hex digits using the --non-decimal-data command line option, however the elements themselves need to be prefixed with 0x to force the conversion. So for example

gawk --non-decimal-data '
  gsub(/[[:xdigit:]][[:xdigit:]]?/,"0x&",$3) && split($3,a,":") {
    $3=sprintf("%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",a[1],a[2],a[3],a[4],a[5],a[6])
  } 1' OFS='\t' file
ABC     22.22.28.97     00:00:0c:9f:f0:d9

ABC     22.22.28.109    00:50:56:64:49:f3

ABC     22.22.28.110    00:50:56:68:55:8e

It's somewhat simpler in perl where you can use the hex function and simple regex substitution:

perl -alne '$F[2] =~ s/([[:xdigit:]]{1,2})/sprintf "%02x", hex($1)/ge , print join "\t", @F' file
ABC     22.22.28.97     00:00:0c:9f:f0:d9

ABC     22.22.28.109    00:50:56:64:49:f3

ABC     22.22.28.110    00:50:56:68:55:8e


Laptop fan running often and loudly for no reason since installing ubuntu

most of times it could be about your graphic card gets warm and because your graphic card is integrated into your cpu the system thinks that cpu gets warm

install mesa-utils and mesa-utils-extras and reboot
if the problem remains let us know

$ sudo apt-get install mesa-utils mesa-utils-extra

( for newcomes: the $ before this command is just an indicator that tells this command should be entered in a standard user command shell. if you want to use it just press <ctrl>+<alt>+<t> and copy-paste without this dollar mark )


Ubuntu 12.04 printer unavailable when connecting to wifi

I haven't experienced this before, but here are some possibilities:

Your router is filtering the port required for printer communication. Less likely because of the test case with your Windows test case, but still possibly worth a try. Perhaps look on Google for similar cases with communication issues pertaining to your particular router, but not necessarily to do with that printer or OS.
A firewall on your Ubuntu machine is blocking communication on the wireless network. Especially in the case of Windows, security is usually increased over wireless communication versus wired, for obvious reasons.
The authentication method pertaining to your printer setup isn't compatible with Ubuntu's wireless management system. Another unlikely possibility, but still one that could be considered. This could also be a driver-related problem for the printer and/or the computer's wireless chipset.

Some possible fixes:

Print a configuration details page using your printer's physical panel. This will give you an idea of how it's configured, and possibly point out any mis-configured or conflicting settings.
Run nmap <printer-ip>. This should give you an idea of the ports used by the printer, and will give you a listing of the protocols used by the printer. Note that if you run this on your wired network, and then compare it to the results when run on your wireless network, you might get a good idea of which ports cannot be accessed wirelessly. (Note that you'll usually have to run sudo apt-get install nmap on a stock system.
Run /usr/lib/cups/backend/snmp and sudo /usr/lib/cups/backend/dnssd. These will tell you whether your printer has been discovered by CUPS or system-config-printer, and other details.

If the suggestions above haven't helped you solve the problem, or you'd like more details (source of info): DebuggingPrinterProblems


My answer is based on the hardware of a netbook MSI U135.
You must use a 32 bit Linux distro, I suggest a lightweight Ubuntu derivative.

Linux Lubuntu is a great alternative to Ubuntu for PC with very low resources or with very resource consuming tasks, I use it on my EeePC; this distribution uses Pcmanfm and Openbox, two light graphical applications to manage your desktop (which is LXDE).
If you need more default "desktop"/user-friendly functionalities then use Xubuntu (that features, of course, xfce).

Please, follow the Official Ubuntu installation guide to install any of the Ubuntu derivatives or Ubuntu itself. Follow the specific distribution site to find a specialized community for any of your doubts.
Remember to update your system (at least do the security updates) after a fresh install of any Linux/*nix distribution.
Use the "LTS" version only if you want to install a new system on a production machine, because these versions aren't updated very frequently and may have different versions of the kernel.
Please, feel free to comment down here if you need more help.

Have a nice experience.


What PDF viewers are available for Ubuntu?

Lightweight

evince - the default document viewer on Gnome/Ubuntu, with support for PDF, PostScript, and a few other formats. Can fill forms, highlight text, and annotate. Normal text selection. Remembers window size and document zoom. Dark mode. [install]

qpdfview (see answer) - tabbed interface, can fill forms, remembers window size and document zoom. Block selection by holding Shift. [install]

MuPDF - extremely fast and minimalistic. Block selection by dragging with the right mouse button, search with /. Can't annotate, fill forms, sign, or anything else. Doesn't remember the zoom factor, or the window size/position. [install]

Zathura - extremely fast and minimalistic (uses the MuPDF ending via a plugin system). Keyboard-navigation, bookmarks, auto-reload on changes. Block selection by dragging with the left mouse button. No form filling or other features. Doesn't remember the zoom factor, or the window size/position. [install]

xpdf - "Xpdf is a small and efficient program which uses standard X fonts". Lightweight, but with outdated interface. [install]

gv - an old lightweight pdf viewer with an old interface. Size of the package is only 580k. gv is an X front-end for the Ghostscript PostScript(TM) interpreter. [install]

Full-featured

okular - Multi-format document viewer (PDF, CHM, ePub, others). Requires many KDE prerequisites. Can easily copy text and images. May be slow and have issues with printing. [install]

Browsers like Firefox and Chromium derivatives also have great support for PDF viewing and form filling, but no support for annotations or signatures.

Non-FOSS

Foxit Reader - View, create, convert, annotate, print, collaborate, share, fill forms and sign.

PDF Studio Viewer - free version can annotate, fill&save forms. Paid versions can sign, OCR, split/merge/insert/remove/rotate pages, add watermarks/header/footer/bookmarks, edit, redact, compare, optimize, batch process etc.

Master PDF Editor - View, create, modify, fill forms, sign, scan, OCR, annotate, split/insert/remove/rotate pages, add bookmarks. Free version allows editing text and objects, annotating, and filling forms.

Unsupported/outdated

kpdf - Extremely outdated (2008) PDF viewer based on xpdf, for KDE 3. [install]
acroread - Adobe Acrobat Reader, no longer supported for Linux by Adobe, seems to be no longer supported by Ubuntu.


Wow!!

It turns out that the answer was really simple :S
After all these days of torture!!

I found the answer here.

Here it is:

apt-get purge libapache2-mod-php5 php5 && apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5 php5
service apache2 restart

That simple!


Where is the steam directory folder in 12.04?

Steam applications are stored in ~/.local/share/Steam by default. To make the .local folder visible in nautilus hit Ctrl + h and all hidden folders will be revealed. It is also possible to change the Steam install location using a configuration within the Steam program.


Etcher AppImage won't open on Kubuntu 18.04

Another search found a GitHub error for Etcher on Mint: https://github.com/balena-io/etcher/issues/1490

In that thread, it suggests to download the balena-etcher-electron_1.4.9_i386.deb from the release page.  I used the one from v1.4.9.

Installed that and everything seems to be okay.


How we can know is an app install correctly?

You have used incorrect package name. See packages.ubuntu.com for details.
The correct is the quantum-espresso with purpose

Electronic-Structure and Ab-Initio Molecular Dynamics Suite

You have to install it with:
sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt-get install quantum-espresso

After this you will be able to run one of its executables:
average.x, bands.x, bgw2pw.x, bse_main.x, casino2upf.x, cp.x, cpmd2upf.x, cppp.x, dist.x, dos.x, dynmat.x, epsilon.x, ev.x, fd.x, fd_ef.x, fd_ifc.x, fhi2upf.x, fpmd2upf.x, fqha.x, fs.x, generate_rVV10_kernel_table.x, generate_vdW_kernel_table.x, gww.x, gww_fit.x, head.x, importexport_binary.x, initial_state.x, interpolate.x, iotk.x, iotk_print_kinds.x, kpoints.x, lambda.x, ld1.x, manycp.x, manypw.x, matdyn.x, molecularnexafs.x, molecularpdos.x, ncpp2upf.x, neb.x, oldcp2upf.x, path_interpolation.x, pawplot.x, ph.x, phcg.x, plan_avg.x, plotband.x, plotproj.x, plotrho.x, pmw.x, pp.x, projwfc.x, pw.x, pw2bgw.x, pw2gw.x, pw2wannier90.x, pw4gww.x, pw_export.x, pwcond.x, pwi2xsf.x, q2qstar.x, q2r.x, q2trans.x, q2trans_fd.x, read_upf_tofile.x, rrkj2upf.x, spectra_correction.x, sumpdos.x, turbo_davidson.x, turbo_eels.x, turbo_lanczos.x, turbo_spectrum.x, upf2casino.x, uspp2upf.x, vdb2upf.x, virtual.x, wannier_ham.x, wannier_plot.x, wfck2r.x, wfdd.x, xspectra.x


How I can install the "linux-signed-lts-vivid package" security update?

You do not need to install the patch separately. You can just updated the package that is now in repositories already. Just run

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

and you will get the new kernel image with that patch.

You can also upgrade only this package by running

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-signed-image-generic

But that will upgrade only kernel image. Headers and some other packages may not be properly upgraded.


No. That only affects the parameters passed to the Linux kernel, not behavior of grub itself.

From info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'

'GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT'
 Unless 'GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY' is set to 'true', two menu entries
 will be generated for each Linux kernel: one default entry and one
 entry for recovery mode.  This option lists command-line arguments
 to add only to the default menu entry, after those listed in
 'GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX'.


Change AMD Radeon GPU Core/Memory Clock Frequency

I was able to achieve that with the help of this tutorial:
https://gist.github.com/Francesco149/0302fbb5e056f3339ae17d3c13257929
After downloading the Linux kernel source, I modified line 2985 of /linux-4.13.0/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/si_dpm.c from max_sclk = 75000; to max_sclk = 103000;, then rebuilt, installed the modified kernel, and rebooted my machine.
However, it includes rebuilding the whole Linux kernel and installing it, which if not done properly, it can cause the OS to break and maybe not even boot up.
Also it takes a lot of time, as it took almost an hour to compile on my machine, so it is not an ideal solution.
Warning: Do this only if you know what you are doing, because you might break your OS, or even damage your hardware.
Another Warning: You should set max_sclk to the clock frequency set by your machine's OEM or lower, unless you know what you are doing.
Update:
The fix above is a hack. The proper fix would be to check first if your GPU is stable at the maximum core clock, then remove your GPU's ID from the list like in this patch, and submit your patch to the mailing list for it to be merged upstream.


Trouble mounting/formating 16g SanDisk USB

well i've not seen such error before, but you may try this: it may work

Format it:

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc

For mounting it:
 mkdir /media/mountPoint

 mount /dev/sdc /media/mountPoint

p.s: Check if device is /dev/sdc or /dev/sdb

Second way to do it (UI):

                 Use **Gparted**

Install it by  sudo apt-get install gparted
Run it:  sudo gparted
 Go to top right corner and select the disk and do whatever operation it required ...


Instead of making your files world open, you can use ACL to give one of your groups the permissions to the whole subtree. ACL are more flexible than regular permissions in my opinion and a default rule can be used to apply to new files/directories.

sudo apt-get install acl

To use, you have the command setfacl and getfacl

man acl will explain the concept and man setfacl will give you all the use ptions but here is a suggestion:

sudo setfacl -Rm d:g:<your-user-main-group>:rwX,g:<your-user-main-group>:rwX /var/www

Will give your main group rw permissions and x on the directories (to enter them).

-R: recursive
-m: modify existing rule (the actual permissions)

d:g:<...>:rwX = default part for new files, group permissions
g:<...>:rwX   = applied to the existing files/directories
rwX           = read, write and change directory allowed (rwx will allow file execute too)

If you prefer, instead of using your main group (if you have other users for example), you can create a group (webdev for example) and use it:

sudo addgroup webdev
sudo adduser your-user webdev

and use webdev group in the acl instead of your-user-main-group

Obs: you can also use ACLs with users (u:) or others (other:) instead of groups.


What order are config files loaded under linux when there are multiple sources?

PostgreSQL won't read and merge pg_hba.conf. So "only the one in /etc". Note that PostgreSQL config in /etc is specific to Ubuntu and Debian, which use pg_wrapper; other Linux distros and other operating systems have PostgreSQL's config inside the data directory.

In general, under Linux config file loading is somewhat application and distro specific. There is unfortunately no standard format, no standard search path, or anything much else.


Step by step copy paste tutorial for configuring VNC/RDP without a reboot

Here is the setup I have working in VMs:

A:12.04 Desktop i386, Unity2d and 3d both tested, client, xvnc4viewer
B:10.04 Desktop i386, standard GNOME, server, x11vnc, openssh-server

From out of the box fully updated with nothing new installed

On A:
sudo apt-get install xvnc4viewer

On B:
sudo apt-get install x11vnc openssh-server

Now on A:
first terminal:
ssh -t 192.168.1.1 'x11vnc -localhost -display :0'
starts the x11vnc server

second terminal:
xvnc4viewer -via 192.168.1.1 127.0.0.1:0
connects the viewer

verification it's only on port 22:
netstat -an | grep *insert far end ip address here*

You should get results like that--^


Ubuntu Restricted Extras package fails to complete Installation in 14.04

Open terminal and try

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade


How can I broadcast a local video file as a webcam feed?

http://sourceforge.net/projects/webcamstudio/

Install and don't forget to run

sudo chmod 666 /dev/video*

This will allow you to use avi, flv, gif, and other animation sources as a virtual webcam.


How to install Ubuntu 12.04 within Windows 7 with a CD image of ubuntu (without use of an external CD/USB)?

The procedure from bcbc's comment works perfectly:

  There is absolutely no reason to mount the CD image. Wubi.exe - when
  run from a CD (or mounted CD image) - no longer supports the 'Install
  inside Windows' option. Unless you supply --force-wubi as a command
  line option. All you need to do is place wubi.exe in the same folder
  as the desktop CD ISO before running wubi. If it starts to download a
  new ISO then there is something wrong with your one - check the log
  file for details (in the %TEMP% folder, called wubi-12.04-revxxx.log –
  bcbc Jun 1 at 17:50


How to fix 3.5 mm audio jack not working after upgrading to 20.04

Try in your terminal

sudo apt update && sudo apt install alsamixer
run alsamixer in your terminal.
press arrow right til you go to HEADPHONES bar.
press M to unmute.
press up/down to adjust the volume.
press Esc to exit alsamixer.
run sudo alsactl store in your terminal to store your settings earlier.


How to find a folder based on numerical order [on bash cli]

Since we don't know how you order them, I'm just going to assume it's alphabetically, in which case run the following in a terminal:

cd /enter/dir/here
ls | sort | head -n 230 | tail -n 1

This will sort ls alphabetically, only get the first 230 results, and then grab the last one of those 230.


digikam: organize imported images by date

Although I do not see the pictures arranged by date in the folder of the album, I see them organized by date when I click the dates tab on the side.

I will leave the post here for others to see. What confused me was the non-camera files (png, pdf, etc.) were shown by date in the album but not the camera images (.jpg).


root.disk not found after grub update; maybe related to installing Ubuntu on second hard drive wubi

The two partitions have the same UUIDs - Windows volumne numbers are just too short :( I'll try changing the UUID of /dev/sdb3 and report back. – user22787 Aug 5 '11 at 10:58

changing the UUID did the trick. Thanks! – user22787 Aug 7 '11 at 20:18

Comments valued and question answered by OP


How can I run an Upstart session job automatically?

After finding the list of common user events in the Upstart Cookbook, I changed the .conf file to start on desktop-start and stop on desktop-end, which seems to work. In addition I added a five second delay to avoid getting reset to the old display state later during startup:

start on desktop-start

stop on desktop-end

script
  sleep 5
  exec /home/me/bin/xflux -l 0 -g 0 -nofork
end script


Installing Ubuntu 13.04 on samsung seties 5

Perhaps the best thing about Ubuntu is that it can be installed alongside the existing operating system.

Ubuntu gives you an option of either replacing the existing operation system, or installing it alongside the existing operating system (dual-booting).

To create a bootable usb from windows, follow this procedure :

  First, download an image of Ubuntu from The Ubuntu Releases Source
  ...choose the option that suits your machine (32 bit or 64 bit versions), then download a software called Rufus Bootable Disk Writer
   which enables you to create bootable USB drives. When you have these two...plug in your flash drive...and run the rufus executable from your desktop. Then use rufus to create a bootable flash, specifying the Ubuntu Image file you would've downloaded as the operation system you want to use.
  Make sure that you choose the "ntfs" option during creation of your bootable usb. The start the creation process.
  After its done, eject your flash disk and re-plug it onto your samsung machine.
  Run the executable in the flash,(wubi.exe) and then it should give an option of trying and installing ubuntu. It should prompt you for a restart, and let it restart your machine.

During restart,your machine will prompt you to press any key to boot from Usb drive.
The ubuntu installation menu will come up after a few seconds. Choose the full installation option, and after a few steps, there will come up a dialogue that will ask you whether you want to install ubuntu alongside windows or replace it....Please carefully choose the "install alongside.." option...and you are done :)


apt configuration for bionic hosts in EC2

The [allow-insecure=yes] option on the repo configuration line solves the problem


Use sed to replace each white space with a backslash

If you use double quotes, bash interprets \\ and outputs \ which is then again interpreted from sed together with the following space to just the space.

So you need one more backslash:

echo "111  1111 " | sed -e "s/[[:space:]]/\\\ /g"

but better to use single quotes to prevent the bash interpreting:

echo "111  1111 " | sed -e 's/[[:space:]]/\\ /g'

Output:

111\ \ 1111\

Alternative method:

If you have the file path as a variable, you can use Shell methods:

path="111  1111 "
echo ${path// /\\ }


Is 10.04 LTS Still Supported by the Ubuntu Desktop Advanced?

Yes, it is. You can check out the details here.


I uninstalled Ariya in Kubuntu, how do I install it again?

$ mkdir kdm && cd kdm
$ sudo apt-get source kdm

And in the unpacked package folder you will find KDM with the Ariya files included.
Here goes nothing (aka. the apt-file utility):

You can find contents in packages with "apt-file". It's an application, you have to install it. Then run the apt-file update command as a single user. And then, you can search.
With: apt-file find ariya
Another way if this one fails (the almighty --reinstall flag):
Just use the --reinstall flag with apt-get.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall kdm


JavaScript is a web browser's feature, not a software you can install.

If you're using Firefox, select Preferences in Edit menu, then click Contents icon and check Permit JavaScript.


Ubuntu installed but windows subsystem for linux has no installed distributions

WSL (especially WSL version 1) installations prefer the Microsoft Store to function properly, as they install special inside the Windows environment.  WSL2 uses a hypervisor layer within Windows to run Linux, but for the most part it utilizes Windows' installation tools and mechanisms on the Microsoft Store to deploy in a way that is compatible.  What you've done is a dual boot, NOT installing to the OS like you did.  There's a separate app install process.

What you did is a Dual Boot, not a WSL install.
If you did a dual boot like you did, WSL can't access the dualboot.  The dual boot is installed directly to disk in partitions and filesystems that Windows will not be able to read - as such, you cannot use WSL to access the Dual Boot.
Dual Boot is also not WSL - it's an actual on-disk installation side by side with Windows as its own entity and not part of Windows or WSL.
If you intend to use Ubuntu then while in a dual boot configuration like this, just use Ubuntu directly and boot to Windows or Ubuntu selectively at your leisure.  Ubuntu can access/read information in Windows partitions (if you disable Fast Boot in Windows), but Windows will be unable to read Ubuntu's data.

Microsoft DOES provide manual steps here to install the WSL, though it's still slightly dependent on downloading the items from Microsoft as 'apps' locally without the Store.
The way to do the WSL Manual Installation is with this data from Microsoft - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual - with the following PowerShell steps (the example uses 16.04 on Microsoft's site, but I will use the 20.04 links):

Download the distro for WSL in Powershell
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wslubuntu2004 -OutFile Ubuntu.appx -UseBasicParsing

Install the distro - it's an appx file so you need to use PowerShell to install it in WSL
Add-AppxPackage .\Ubuntu.appx

This should do the WSL install.  Then, you have two more potential steps to do:

Update the system from WSL1 to WSL2 (optional)

Create a new user account and password for Linux


From the beginning of the file, type in the key sequence to copy the entire contents to the clipboard:

:%y+

if you want to copy just one line, move the cursor to the start of the line you want, and type in the following key sequence:

:y+

or like stated in another answer here, copy the entire contents to the clipboard + instead of the * registers try:

gg"+yG

for these key sequences to work, you need to have gvim installed, or one similar to it, that will make it so vim has the ability to copy to the clipboard. Below are 3 packages that will enable the +clipboard for vim.

sudo apt-get install vim-gnome

or

sudo apt-get install vim-athena

or

sudo apt-get install vim-gtk

I personally prefer vim-gnome but any of them should work fine.


How do I uninstall Ubuntu from a dual-boot with Windows 8?

Did you see this?

http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/how-to-safely-uninstall-ubuntu-in-windows-dual-boot-environment/

This requires you to have a working Windows installation disk.


Where to Download Special Ubuntu Images Designed for Pre-installed Systems (OEM)?

I have mostly ignored this certification programme until now and I currently don't know who actually contributes to this team, maintains the entries and how this certification is done.
I just clicked the link let us know link which leads to Ubuntu-Certification and has a few interesting links

How do I install drivers on my system?
Almost no surprises here if you have been around in Linux for some time.

On Ubuntu, most of the drivers like touchpad, webcam, Ethernet card...etc are already included in the kernel, they should be working as expected when you have the latest Ubuntu installed. The only driver you might need to install is for the AMD / NVIDIA video card and the Broadcom wireless controller
…
To install the proprietary drivers for the aforementioned video / wireless card, please:

Connect to the Internet.
Run a system update with the "Update Manager" from the dash to update the software list.
Open "Additional Drivers" from the dash and install the proprietary driver with it

…
Driver packages for Dell: …

What's the difference between Certified (Pre-Installed) and Certified?

Certified (Pre-Installed only) means that a system was tested using the exact same testing tools, however the OS may have been modified to fix issues that are commonly found when putting Linux on brand new hardware. These certifications work a little differently, and ONLY apply to the custom Ubuntu ISO image that was provided to the OEM for pre-installation on computer systems that are sold around the world.
In a nutshell, it works like this:
The OEM sends Canonical a new system.
Canonical then works on the system and gets it running to an accepted level with Ubuntu. This could mean custom drivers, kernel patches or other work.
Canonical then gives the OEM a custom ISO image that is used to pre-install Ubuntu onto these new systems.
…
Also, at current time, Canonical can not provide those OEM images to the public.
The goal is to get all fixes that make these custom ISOs work into stock Ubuntu via the normal Ubuntu development cycle.

So all improvements towards Linux hardware compatibility are intended to land sooner or later in Ubuntu (and upstream), no proprietary "Ubuntu-only" bits. Once you identified which issues were fixed, if any, you could safely install the most up to date release of Ubuntu yourself and no longer depend on the OEM or scarce "certification" information.

My advice
Compare a normal installation that you would do on this machine with another hard drive to the pre-installed one. Look at which packages are installed in which version (dpkg -l) and what files are in the filesystem (hash all files and compare them, look at configuration files and scripts in a diff viewer like meld or use the terminal).
This is what I would do with an untrusted system that I did not install myself and a comparable known to be good state.
A word of criticism
I fail to see how the seemingly intransparent nature benefits consumers interested in certified or "Ubuntu Edition" computers.
Instead of being free to install what ever Linux distro or release I choose, there is a special image that I don't have access to (no reason given why) and uncertainty of what to do in case the system becomes unstable or corrupted. The last thing I want to do is looking at the wasteland of an OEM support site (I'm just looking at the Lenovo site and I only see RHEL/SUSE) or explain my issue to a support agent who never installed an OS. To the uninitiated it gives the impression that there is a secret list of bugs and it's never revealed when they where solved.
One also has to probably pay extra for the special edition when any other model of the series or some other hardware would do too for either less or getting more capable hardware. It spells FUD to me the same way as all the other low information marketing campaigns in tech do (and it shouldn't be that way, but about trust).
Related

Why is System76 not mentioned on the Ubuntu certified hardware partners page?


I want to change the pulseaudio config file

The "official" way to stop autospawning pulseaudio sound server is outlined in this guide from the audio developer team:

Wiki Ubuntu Wiki: Stop Pulseaudio

Any other method is discouraged as it may seriously break your audio system.

In short you will have to edit the following line in your /etc/pulse/client.conf to:

autospawn = no

You need to edit this file as root.

Changes will take effect after restarting the pulseaudio server with the following command:

pulseaudio -k

  Please do backup all files before you edit them to be able to restore settings in case something goes wrong.


Error when compiling a .bas file using FreeBASIC: Expected End-of-Line, found '['

Both [code] and [/code] were tags used to identified the code content but are NOT part of the code you need to compile using fbc:

Try the following read.bas:

print "read"

It will work as expected:

$ /usr/local/bin/fbc -lang qb ./read.bas
$ ./read
read
$


USB Drive not recognised by Ubuntu nor Windows

I ran into a similar issue and after doing a lot of research I found How do I fix my USB drive to get its original 8GB size back?

Now please be sure to use this with extreme caution as you can end up accidentally formatting the wrong device. This occurred when Windows attempted to "Fix" a USB Drive that was plugged into a Linux system from before.


Can i put everything back after accidentally doing "apt-get remove mysql-server"?

apt-get does not delete data files when you remove a package. It might remove configuration files if you instruct it to purge (but that's not default behavior).

By default, mysql databases reside in /var/lib. Your dbs should be there.


What are the pros and cons with pm-powersave for saving power?

I don't turn on low power mode in case something depends on reported/base clock versus actual clock with power save. Example: VMWare will warn you if the two are different.

This is also a good reason not to underclock video cards and whatever else. You can get "weird" problems that you can't pin down.

That being said, you're probably fine.

If you wanted to do gaming or high performance computing/number crunching, anything that tries to absolutely utilize hardware, then it's probably best not to use it.

In the case of multimedia there may be highly optimized decoders that experience bugs under power saving modes.

So low power mode is best only for general operations.


I think you might need to check this out. http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu


There are in fact .deb files at https://packagecloud.io/github/git-lfs?filter=debs that you can install; the link you visited also hinted at this by stating that "All packages are available on PackageCloud now."

In any case, if you visit https://git-lfs.github.com/, the simplest way to install git-lfs is to follow the instructions at https://packagecloud.io/github/git-lfs/install:

curl -s https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/github/git-lfs/script.deb.sh | sudo bash

Then, according to https://github.com/github/git-lfs/blob/master/INSTALLING.md#installing-packages, do

sudo apt-get install git-lfs

If you don't trust the source of script.deb.sh and are uncomfortable with running the script with sudo bash, you should definitely take a look at the script first.


Unable to Boot Ubuntu after Windows 8.1 Installation.

Windows replaces the boot loader at the start of the drive with its own. All you have to do is reinstall the GRUB boot loader Ubuntu uses.

You can boot up on a Live DVD or USB stick and reinstall GRUB to your drive by opening a terminal and issuing the "sudo grub-install /dev/sda" command (assuming your boot drive appears as /dev/sda). Remember to install to the DRIVE (eg: sda), not the partition (eg: sda1).

In future, install Ubuntu after Windows to save headaches.


You can install drivers by doing the following:

Click "System Settings"
Choose "Software & Updates"
In the top right corner click "Additional Drivers"
Wait for the list of drivers to load
Select the one from Nvidia that says "(proprietary,tested)"


Why are all my packages refusing to install?

Unmet dependencies remain in your sources.list..u need to refresh in order to install further packages so here you go :

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list

Then, type in

sudo software-properties-gtk

This will open software-properties-gtk and a newsources.list will be created automatically.

Then change the server to US or to any other server of your choice. You must enable repositories from the new dialog in order to create new sources.list.

Tick all the boxes then click on Revert then click close.

Need to restore default repositories

 sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y

(it is good practice to backup this file before installing to recover if such things happen)


My latte-dock does not reappear after auto hiding

launch latte dock with .
latte-dock --replace --cc

It will solve the issue


Installing specific versions of bind (apt-get)

You didn't even read man apt-get, which says, in part:

   apt-get [-asqdyfmubV] [-o=config_string] [-c=config_file] [-t=target_release] [-a=architecture] {update | upgrade | dselect-upgrade | dist-upgrade |
           install pkg [{=pkg_version_number | /target_release}]...  | remove pkg...  | purge pkg...  | source pkg [{=pkg_version_number | /target_release}]...  |
           build-dep pkg [{=pkg_version_number | /target_release}]...  | download pkg [{=pkg_version_number | /target_release}]...  | check | clean | autoclean | autoremove
           | {-v | --version} | {-h | --help}}

The part you're interested in is "install pkg [{=pkg_version_number | /target_release}]"


You wrote:

  It looks like the bootmanager should "boot to the BIOS settings" or something like that, but... HOW?

If you're saying that GRUB has a menu entry with that label, try using it. Many EFI boot managers (I think including GRUB) now offer such an option. The option doesn't work on all EFIs, though, so it's conceivable that GRUB has such an option but it doesn't work on your computer.

There's an option in Windows to reboot into the setup utility. This Acer page describes how to access it, but I'm not sure offhand if the instructions are specific to Acer's configuration or if they apply universally. I know I've seen a "generic" description somewhere, but I don't happen to have the URL bookmarked.

Another option is to use my rEFInd boot manager. It definitely offers an option to reboot into the firmware setup utility, although if rEFInd thinks the firmware doesn't support it, the option won't appear in the menu. (The option appears as an icon of a computer chip on the second row of icons.) You can try rEFInd temporarily by creating a CD-R or USB flash drive; ready-made images for these are available on the rEFInd downloads page. That could be a chicken-and-egg scenario, though, since you'll probably need to get to the computer's built-in boot manager to boot from a CD-R or USB drive. Thus, you may need to go all-in and install rEFInd to your hard disk to try it. (If you don't like it, you can always use efibootmgr to disable rEFInd. Type efibootmgr to see the current boot options, then change the boot order with efibootmgr -o, as in efibootmgr -o 2,0,7 to boot options 2, 0, and 7, in that order of preference.)

Once you're into the setup utility, look for options called fast boot, USB support, or variants of those terms. It's conceivable that installing Windows somehow changed the firmware defaults to speed up the boot process, and in doing so disabled the key to access the firmware at boot time. Adjusting these options back to their defaults should re-enable the feature you want, at the cost of a second or two of extra boot time.


I delete all forwarders and make it a DNS cache only server by just adding recursion on; and at the moment it works fine.


Is there a way to change the color of highlighted tab in taskbar of xfce desktop of xubuntu?

I couldn't find "Arc light" in the repositories but plain Arc has the same issue you describe.

The file you need to edit is /usr/share/themes/Arc/gtk-2.0/panel.rc. Change all instances of @selected_bg_color in this file to
"#2A4286", a slightly darker shade of blue, or any other distinctive color of your choice.

Note that you'll need to use sudo -H mousepad /usr/share/themes/Arc/gtk-2.0/panel.rc because you're editing a file you don't own. As a precaution, backup the file before editing.

To respond to the issue of the theme being overwritten as a result of a future update:

Yes, it will be overwritten but probably the theme will not be updated since 18.04 is a long term support version. Only critical security updates are provided.
An option I prefer is to copy over the entire theme to the folder ~/.themes without using sudo. If ~/.themes doesn't exist, create it. Rename Arc to myArc and also edit the index.theme file inside ~/.themes/myArc to change Arc to myArc. This theme will obviously not be updated since it's in your home folder. The other advantage is that you don't need to use sudo since you own the folder and files.


How to build an application using cmake file?

See in the directory where it's "/path/to"

On linux that generally means replace that with wherever it is on your system.

as a general thing on linux just do cmake .. (to make the contents of the folder above) and then do make. Sometimes you'll need to cd .. for this to work because it won't move it to your current directory.


There is currently no desktop native app for Google Hangouts. As far as I am aware all usage for Google Hangouts is done through a web browser.


How do I search for `!` (exclamation mark) in a manual page?

The default man pager is less. If you look at less's help (press h while in it), you'll see:

                          SEARCHING

  /pattern          *  Search forward for (N-th) matching line.
  ?pattern          *  Search backward for (N-th) matching line.
  n                 *  Repeat previous search (for N-th occurrence).
  N                 *  Repeat previous search in reverse direction.
  ESC-n             *  Repeat previous search, spanning files.
  ESC-N             *  Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files.
  ESC-u                Undo (toggle) search highlighting.
  &pattern          *  Display only matching lines
        ---------------------------------------------------
        A search pattern may be preceded by one or more of:
        ^N or !  Search for NON-matching lines.

Or in man less:

/pattern
      Search forward in the file for the N-th line containing the pat‐
      tern.  N defaults to 1.  The pattern is a regular expression, as
      recognized  by  the  regular expression library supplied by your
      system.  The search starts at the first line displayed (but  see
      the -a and -j options, which change this).

      Certain  characters  are  special if entered at the beginning of
      the pattern; they modify the type of search rather  than  become
      part of the pattern:

      ^N or !
             Search for lines which do NOT match the pattern.

So, a pattern of just ! is an empty pattern (which matches anything) negated - so nothing will match it.

You'll have to escape the significance of ! at the start of a pattern, by either using a backslash (\!), or otherwise making it not the first character of the regex (/[!], for example).

The other way is to use grep:

$ man find | grep !
       with  `-', or the argument `(' or `!'.  That argument and any following
       ! expr True  if  expr  is false.  This character will also usually need
              Same as ! expr, but not POSIX compliant.
       The POSIX standard specifies parentheses `(', `)', negation `!' and the
       find /sbin /usr/sbin -executable \! -readable -print
       find . -perm -444 -perm /222 ! -perm /111
       find . -perm -a+r -perm /a+w ! -perm /a+x
       -perm  /222 or -perm /a+w) but are not executable for anybody ( ! -perm
       /111 and ! -perm /a+x respectively).
       find . -name .snapshot -prune -o \( \! -name *~ -print0 \)|


How to create LVM via Calamares for Lubuntu 18.10?

It turns out that Calamres IS capable of installing with LVM, the process is just not intuitive as far as GUIs go.

WARNING: The following was only tested (by me) on Lubuntu 18.10.

The below assumes the following:
1) You will manually partition your device.
2) You are not implementing RAID (i.e. only using one disk).
3) You are aware of how to manually partition your disk via GUI (e.g. gparted).
4) You have backed-up your data and all critical partitions on your drive (e.g. OEM).
5) You know how to Google.

Prerequisites:
To begin with, you will need to prepare the LVM partition, the physical volume, and the volume group before installing. You can get this done via the same live system you use to install the select distro--in this case, it's Lubuntu. If you aren't sure what those things mentioned above are, then please Google "LVM and Ubuntu" and read. Concerning the initial preparation, there are two ways I found to get this done: one was via the terminal using the pvcreate and vgcreate commands. Optionally, and be aware that this may only apply to KDE-intuitive desktops, you may install KVPM. This tool is a front-end to manage your disk and create the necessary LVM. Once you have the physical volume and volume group setup, you may proceed with the installer.

Installing/Calamares/Live-USB:
Run the installer and for this "tutorial", manual partition will be selected for the partitioning section. You will be shown a representation of what is available in the physical volume you created beforehand. To change the "device", hit the drop down menu that shows the disklike icon just above the main content. Select the hard disk option. You will now be shown the view of what partitions you actually have on your disk (including the LVM partition). Configure your boot partition with the appropriate file system, mount point, and flags. Next, hit the same drop down menu and click on the LVM PV (physical volume) which you were viewing before. Now, go ahead and create/configure the partitions of your choosing (e.g. /, home, swap).

That's it! You should be set to continue and let the installer do its magic.

Sorry if this doesn't help anyone. This could have been much more detailed but I couldn't find useful images online for what I did.


Xubuntu. Shortcuts "Super" and "Super+key" run commands simultaneously

ksuperkey solved my problem - https://github.com/hanschen/ksuperkey

Just follow instruction for compiling ksuperkey - https://store.kde.org/p/1081256/

  Compiling from source

  If there is no package for ksuperkey for your distribution, you can
  compile the program from source following these instructions:

  Install dependencies. On Ubuntu:

  sudo apt-get install gcc make libx11-dev libxtst-dev pkg-config

  On some system you'll also have to install the build-essential
  package.

  Download ksuperkey-0.4 (Source) from this page and extract the tar.gz file (using e.g. Ark).
  Go to the newly extracted directory called ksuperkey, open a terminal (press F4 in Dolphin), and run:

  make

  3b. Optionally, if you want to install ksuperkey to the standard PATH
  for all users:

  sudo make install

  Launch ksuperkey:

  ./ksuperkey

  or by clicking on its icon. ksuperkey will run in the background. (If
  you did step 3b, you can just type "ksuperkey" from anywhere to launch
  it.)

  Try to press the left Super key. If the application launcher does not show up, make sure that its shortcut is set to Alt+F1: right click
  on the application launcher icon -> Application Launcher Settings ->
  Keyboard Shortcut.

Then launch ksuperkey -e 'Super_L=Alt_L|F3' or add the command to autostart.

Update. Maybe it's better to use xcape instead. Because it's original, from where ksuperkey was forked.

Installation and command is the same - xcape -e 'Super_L=Alt_L|F3'


Which driver should I use with a 9600 GT Mobile?

Use the recommended one is my advice. I'd say use the open source one but that wouldn't get all of your card's power.

I'm running on a Quadro 320m which is 8600GT based and the proprietary driver gave me excessive static which is still persistent after switching to the open source driver. Just a word of warning.


How can I get some random numbers in a certain range?

Use the shuf command:

shuf -e {1..N} | tr '\n' ' ' > some-file

For example:

$ shuf -e {1..10} | tr '\n' ' '
4 9 1 7 8 6 3 5 10 2

For very large numbers you might want to use a for loop and then shuffle it:

for i in {1..1000000}
do
    echo $i
done |
shuf | tr '\n' ' ' > some-file


How do I prevent KDM from starting at boot?

Disabling it should be as simple as:

sudo mv /etc/init/kdm.conf{,disabled}

The same should be the true for gdm (which also uses a upstart script in /etc/init/).

If you want to fine-tune it, edit /etc/init/kdm.conf and change its start on declarations. Just comment that entire section out and you'll still be able to run sudo start kdm when you want a graphical display.


GUI time is different than command line time

This was all my fault.

It was a local TZ var on the profile level being sourced that was hard to find.


unable to properly boot linux from external ssd

For external drives or any second drive, you have to gpt partition in advance & include an ESP - efi system partition. You do not now need swap partition as Ubuntu uses a swap file.

How to prepare a disk on an EFI based PC for Ubuntu?

During install you can do this (see oldfred's work around)?  or reinstall grub to external drive after install. Note that external drives only boot from /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi. But full reinstall of grub now also creates that file. Internal drive will boot from /EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi. You only see details with efibootmgr -v.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubiquity/+bug/1396379

I have totally turned off and changed ESP during install & it does not work. This says if you do it before starting install it will work. Have not yet tested myself, yet.

How do I install Ubuntu to a USB key? (without using Startup Disk Creator)

It should boot from same system as installed as boot files are only put in first drive usually internal drive. If using live installer be sure to boot in UEFI boot mode.  You can use Boot-Repair to reinstall grub or manually do it if you can boot from inside your install. Use advanced mode to choose external drive to install grub into:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

https://sourceforge.net/p/boot-repair/home/Home/

If booted into your install you can use efibootmgr to create new UEFI boot entry, but must have the extra parameters to specify drive & partition of ESP on external drive.


A simple

sudo apt install unity

will Install Unity.

When signing in you then can switch to Unity.

Source: https://itsfoss.com/use-unity-ubuntu-17-10/

Be careful using this option, it is known to lock up the login screen.


Is it possible to implement a "name" booking system using linux file permissions

What you ask for the directory /reservations is exactly how the standard /tmp directory behaves:

Every user can create files in there and only he is allowed to delete or modify them. This is achieved by the t bit (aka sticky bit) in the permissions. No user needs special permissions or umasks then.

Thus:

chown root /reservations
chmod 1777 /reservations

is all you need. The chown root is only to prevent other (regular) users from fiddling around with that directory. It's not really needed. Read more about the sticky bit here:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticky_bit
What is the "t" letter in the output of "ls -ld /tmp"?


In vim there are 3 different modes:

Insert - allows typing and editing as normal
Visual - used for selecting copy/paste etc.
Normal - used for commands

To get back to Normal mode, you can always press esc.

Once you are at Normal mode Press : to begin your command (you'll see it appear in the bottom left).  The following commands are related to quiting vim:

:q - quit if no changes were made
:q! - quit and destroy any changes made
:wq - write changes (save) and quit
:x - similar to :wq, only write the file if changes were made, then quit


is it necessary to format windows XP OS to do partitioning for Ubuntu, and how do I do it properly to then install Ubuntu from disk

No it's not necessary. The current Ubuntu installer offers you automatically to shrink the windows partition on your hard drive and install Ubuntu to the remaining space. Just select "Install Ubuntu along with Windows" when you come to the Question about partitioning.

If you feel like it make a backup of your windows data before tinkering with partitioning. But generally tho process is save nowadays.


There is a new Privacy Settings in System Settings panel. Open it, Go to Files tab and add your backup folder in Don't record activity in the following folder list. Dash won't show the files inside that backup folder.


How to install NFS mw 2 using playonlinux or wine

All games tested on Wine is displayed here. If its not available, it probably wont work


The Oracle patch you mention wasn't accepted upstream as it was, but was tweaked by Luis Henriques of Canonical, as noted here at Launchpad, and was accepted into Linus Torvald's master branch of the kernel in July 2012.

According to the Launchpad report, the issue was fixed with kernel 3.5.0-3.3 for Quantal and kernel 3.2.0-27.43 for Precise. Both were issued as updates, and so there should be no need to use a mainline kernel or patch it yourself.

If you wish to look at the changelog for the currently installed kernel (which includes notes on previous changes to the 3.x.x series) you can run
uname -a  to find your kernel, and then use its package name to get the changelog:

apt-get changelog 3.5.0-17-generic

You can grep it for your issue (using -C to show lines around the search term):

apt-get changelog 3.5.0-17-generic | grep -i -C 2 'ocfs2'

then you find the issue should have been fixed:

[ Luis Henriques ]

  * SAUCE: ocfs2: Fix NULL pointer dereferrence in
    __ocfs2_change_file_space
    - LP: #1006012

You could also grep the changelog for the Launchpad record for the issue (1006012), if you couldn't find the right part of the changelog. This change was first announced in the 3.5.0-3.3 Quantal release.

Other changelogs (for versions not installed) can be found on Ubuntu packages.

If you think you are experiencing a regression, please add a comment at the Launchpad page, and ask for clarification.


Ubuntu still ask to update the package that I have removed

0ad and 0ad-data are two different packages. The first one contains the executables and the second one contains all the graphics files. Thus you will need to remove that too with:

sudo apt-get remove 0ad-data


Display the processes whose PID is less than a predetermined number

Replace subdir with the name of your subdirectory and R with your number...

awk '{if ($2 < R) print $0}' subdir/P_R.txt

if ($2 < R) if the number in the second column is less than R...
print $0 print the whole line

If you just want the process names then just print that column:

awk '{if ($2 < R) print $11}' subdir/P_R.txt


How to pair Hidden Radio Bluetooth Speakers?

I didn't have many problems connecting with Ubuntu 12.04 64 Bit.

I clicked on the Bluetooth icon in the corner (The little 'B").

Then I clicked on "Set Up New Device".

That opened the Bluetooth New Device Setup.  Press Continue.  It will scan for devices.

Automatic PIN detection did not work, but I clicked on "PIN options..." and selected '0000' (most headsets, etc).

Then I clicked Continue and it connected.

To get sound to output, I cliked again on the Blutooth 'B' and under "Devices" I hovered on HiddenRadio, and went to "Sound Settings".

On the settings page, Clikc on Hidden Radio, and sound will come from the Hidden Radio.


Your check variable is completely wrong. It's assigning the literal string "proc/mdstat | grep md1" to check.

To fix it, use this instead:

if grep -q -e 'md1:' -e 'md127:' /proc/mdstat; then
    echo "MD1 is already here"
else
    if echo yes | mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md1 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 --spare-devices=1 /dev/sdf1; then
        echo  "MD1 was created"
    else
        echo "An error has occurred"
    fi
fi

A few other notes:

Bash doesn't mandate braces for multi line statements, so it's often cleaner to omit them. You should always ensure proper indentation, though.
Bash's if statement doesn't require a [ .. ] construct. It can use any command; if the command exits with 0, it's considered true, else false.
The << EOF syntax is redundant, a simple echo yes | will do that.


Teamspeak 3 .sh file not running ubuntu 15.04

The following error is common when trying to run a 64 bit application on a 32 bit (x86 or i386) version of linux

  cannot execute binary file: Exec format error

So it seems you have the 32bit (i386) version of Ubuntu and you are trying to run 64bit teamspeak. Open a terminal and execute the following commands:

First command will download the 32 bit (x86) version to your home folder:

wget http://dl.4players.de/ts/releases/3.0.16/TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_x86-3.0.16.run

Next command will run the run file:

sh TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_x86-3.0.16.run

Finally, after you accept the user agreement, run the following command to start teamspeak:

~/TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_x86/ts3client_runscript.sh

Please post any errors, thanks!


fglrx support for ATI FirePro 2460 with 4 heads

Just in case anyone else finds this post, I have an answer from AMD.

"You cannot connect 4 different DVI monitors. You should only connect them through the Display Port. All Display Port monitors can share a single clock whereas each DVI monitor needs its own clock, so the number of possible DVI/HDMI connections is limited."

FYI. I was able to get two pairs of identical monitors to work. Each at its own resolution.


Is an Acer C7 Chromebook worth buying as an Ubuntu netbook?

The short answer is no, C7 Chromebook is not worth buying as Ubuntu netbook.

First, Chromebooks uses its own kind of BIOS replacement that is not supported by Ubuntu. So it won't boot.

Second, chrUbuntu is not an official version of Ubuntu and is off topic in this site.

Third, Ubuntu 13.04 is not out yet and as a future version of Ubuntu is off topic as well. As far as I know there is not plans for supporting Chromebook, but I may be wrong.

Fourth, Shopping recommendations are off topic.

Hope this helps


I need to know how to open lshw, also known as Hardware Lister

Open the dash. Then, search for Terminal. Open it. (It may be called Terminal Emulator).

Wait for a pronpt that looks like user@computer:~$. Then, type:

sudo lshw

and press Enter.

You will be prompted for your password. Give it(the space will remain blank, not even ******), and press Enter. If the password is correct, the command will return results after a delay that can sometimes take a few minutes. You know it's finished when you see the user@computer:~$ prompt again.


Why is there nothing related to scrolling speed in xinput for Microsoft Comfort Mouse 4500

Won't Fix, at least, this is current status with libinput

Upstream bug report: freedesktop - libinput - Support setting scroll speed #185

Mice manufacturer uses different high-resolution scroll implementations
Scroll speed need to be variable and controlled by applications depending on context

Old solution were working with evdev
Setting method: xinput, xorg.conf.d

Workaround, using Udev HWDB (Low level fix)

(1) HWDB setting within udev for specific mouse model.

Source: U&L: Change scroll speed with libinput

I confirm, it is current solution from Upstream code repository of udev

Check your mouse identification: Vendor ID, Product ID, Device Name

While mouse plugged in

sudo lsusb

Run one of commands below then reconnect the mouse

sudo udevadm monitor -u
sudo journalctl -k -b -f

And check systemd/hwdb.d/70-mouse.hwdb or look for local file /lib/udev/hwdb.d/70-mouse.hwdb in your system. Search for same or similar device.
Open terminal, create the 71-mouse-local.hwdb file

sudo nano /etc/udev/hwdb.d/71-mouse-local.hwdb

Copy from step (1) these lines and append them to the new file, Add wheel click angle entry and set angle as you want (default=15 degree/click, as integer value), as bellow:

# Microsoft Comfort Mouse 4500
mouse:usb:v045ep076c:name:Microsoft Microsoft® Comfort Mouse 4500:
 MOUSE_DPI=1000@125
 MOUSE_WHEEL_CLICK_ANGLE=15

If you can't find your device in 70-mouse.hwdb, create it in this format with information collected in step (1)

mouse:usb:v <VendorID> p <ProductID> :name: <DeviceName> :

Save and close

Ctrl+O , Ctrl+X
Update udev hardware database, trigger the change for corresponding event node

sudo systemd-hwdb update
sudo udevadm trigger /dev/input/event16

event16 as reported in xinput output.

Note

This answer is customized for the OP case but can be tuned for another model. Already expended it to be more generic.

Full upstream instructions are here: systemd/hwdb.d/70-mouse.hwdb or look for local file 70-mouse.hwdb in your system. Also you may look other advanced feature in there.
There is MOUSE_WHEEL_CLICK_COUNT which overrides MOUSE_WHEEL_CLICK_ANGLE, use it when angle parameter is not precise enough.

MOUSE_WHEEL_CLICK_COUNT default=24 click/rotation or click/360deg, accepts integer value

Example:

# Microsoft Comfort Mouse 4500
mouse:usb:v045ep076c:name:Microsoft Microsoft® Comfort Mouse 4500:
 MOUSE_DPI=1000@125
 MOUSE_WHEEL_CLICK_ANGLE=15
 MOUSE_WHEEL_CLICK_COUNT=24

MOUSE_WHEEL_CLICK_ANGLE is a must for compatibility reasons even its value is not effective with declared MOUSE_WHEEL_CLICK_COUNT.

Future, GUI tool kits (High level fix)

(2) Probably get implemented at the level of GUI tool kits. Fair hopes when it comes to collaboration between large free community projects, like it is the case for arbitrary Unicode input, it got implemented only in GTK.

Some apps won't wait for that, like some browsers and games (Firefox, Chromium, SDL games, ..).

There is a list of bug report from GUI kits in the linked bug report above.


If you are concerned about losing data, then mount it read-only,  e.g. if the device is on /dev/sdb, mount partition 1 using:

mount -o ro /dev/sdb1 /mnt


How does Ubuntu One deal with files changed on more than one computer?

What will happen is that when the laptop goes online, the server will tell it it has a new version of the file, and client (specifically syncdaemon) will notice it has a new version of the file also. This is called a conflict, and resolution is up to the client; what syncdaemon does is rename the locally-changed file to originalname.u1conflict, and download the file from the server to the original name. If .u1conflict already exists, it will try with .u1conflict.1, .u1conflict.2, and so on.

Right now nothing lets you know about the conflict; for 11.04 we'll be letting you know when they happen, and at some point (but not for 11.04) we'll be creating a little app that will help you resolve the conflicts. There isn't an automatic way of doing it, but we should be able to make it easy / userfriendly.


Full 20gb root partition after 20 days of usage

I was only getting a partial view from the disk usage analyser and what helped me get a full view was to execute it as root using:

sudo baobab

In my case I deleted /root/.cache (after login as superuser) and the snapd cache under /var/lib/snapd/cache which in total accounted for 7GB


As @gertvdijk correctly diagnosed, this is a feature of using procmail as MDA.
(grox.net/doc/postfix/html/faq.html#root)

The solution is to add an explicit redirect from root to another user in /etc/aliases and then run sudo newaliases.


Self extracting installer permission denied during run

Try executing the following command :

chmod -R 777 /<installation_dir>

or, run the bash with root permissions by typing :

sudo bash <script_name>


How can I boot Windows 8 and Ubuntu 13.04 on a PC with an EFI bootloader?

If I understand correctly, the GRUB option called "Windows UEFI recovery bkpbootmgfw.efi" does boot Windows, but you've got additional GRUB entries that don't work. If so, that's working the way it's supposed to work -- or at least, the way the Boot Repair tool is supposed to set things up. (It's not a very good solution, and I have more to say on the subject on my Web page. This is a problem with labels and with having too many options, not with an inability to boot Windows. If I understand correctly, the simplest solution is to ignore the issue and just use the awkwardly-named Windows boot option. There are several other options, though. Two that are relatively easy are:

Use a tool called GRUB 2 Customizer to adjust the GRUB menu entries. I've never used this tool, though, so I can't provide further guidance on it.
Re-run the Boot Repair tool, click Advanced Options, click Restore EFI Backups, and click Apply. After doing this, install my rEFInd boot manager. This often does a better job launching Windows than GRUB does; however, it may have an extra boot option or two that you'll want to get rid of using rEFInd's own methods -- either deleting the offending files or using the dont_scan_dirs or dont_scan_files options in /boot/efi/EFI/refind/refind.conf.

If I've completely misunderstood your post and you can't boot Windows from GRUB, then the first of these solutions won't do you any good -- at least, not without better understanding the problem and having a replacement GRUB boot stanza for Windows. The second solution might work, but if I've misunderstood, I recommend you post a clarification and wait for further responses before proceeding.


Where exactly is all the source code on Launchpad browseable?

Short answer: to get it all, you have to download the source packages individually; there is no single public browsing service for Ubuntu generally available today. But we're working on it!

Long answer:

The canonical source code for all of Ubuntu is available as source packages. You can go to https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/hello, for example, click on one of the version numbers, and you can download the sources from the Downloads section. To find the source for every version of hello ever published by Ubuntu, you can follow the link to view its full publishing history and click on any version number string from there. The same URL pattern works for any source package; you just need to know the name of the source package.

The source packages are canonical because they are the basic unit that Ubuntu developers work with to develop Ubuntu. But they are somewhat unwieldy;
unpacking a source package needs some tooling. dget, from the devscripts package, can download, verify and unpack a source package in one command if you give it the URL to the dsc file.

This is, of course, not very convenient.

Years ago, there was an effort to make this better. Ubuntu called it "Ubuntu Distributed Development", or UDD for short, and developed a distributed version control system called Bazaar to try to solve this problem. As part of this effort, source packages were automatically imported into the Bazaar VCS hosting platform on Launchpad as they were published. At that time, you could theoretically find the source code for any package at code.launchpad.net. For example, you can still see the Bazaar-imported sources for the hello package for the Precise and Trusty Ubuntu releases at https://code.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/hello.

Bazaar focused on a specific set of use cases, and had a very well thought out command line interface. Jelmer Vernooĳ, one of its developers, has written an interesting retrospective on the development of Bazaar, including how this fitted in with the other distributed version control systems being developed at the time.

In time, git took over the world, and Bazaar took a back seat. Meanwhile, UDD had started to show its cracks. An increasing number of packages failed to import and needed manual intervention to fix. This meant that, even as Ubuntu development on source packages continued, the Bazaar view of those packages at code.launchpad.net failed to be updated.

Eventually, the UDD importer was turned off because nobody was maintaining it and it wasn't considered worth keeping it running.

Concurrently to this, in 2014 I published some notes on how I was using git to perform Ubuntu development; even though at the time Ubuntu packages weren't being maintained in git in general.

This git-based workflow has been adopted by my team (the Ubuntu Server team) and we have continued to work on making Ubuntu sources available through git. A colleague and I have started writing a blog series (as yet unfinished) explaining what we're doing.

The git repositories you found for some packages are a result of our importer (~usd-import-team). We're still actively working on this, which is why not all packages are available this way yet. We are not yet at "beta" stage, expect to re-import all packages before we are ready (breaking all previous commit hashes), and aren't keeping all imported repositories up to date with the latest Ubuntu development work yet. But where we have imported a particular version of a package, it should be accurate enough to browse.

We hope to ramp up to importing all packages and keeping them up-to-date automatically in the next few months.

One of our goals is exactly to solve the question you're asking: to have a single official place on Launchpad where all Ubuntu source code can be browsed.


"clear" command in GNOME terminal returns "terminals database is inaccessible"

This can happen a lot with terminal multiplexers (screen, tmux, etc...)

If if you are running one of those, make sure that your TERM is set to screen-256color for the broadest support.  I've run into issues in BSD, Linux, Multiple x window managers, etc... from this.

Check for set -g default-terminal screen-256color in ~/.tmux.conf or term    screen-256color in ~/.screenrc as TERM is changed by your multiplexer when you load it.

If echo $TERM already says screen-256color try this:

TERM='xterm' clear.  If that works, then your terminal emulator doesn't support the standard multiplexer configuration.  You might need to add something special for that particular terminal emulator in your bashrc/bash_profile.

Keep in mind that this problem is related to your tool selection and configuration.  Ubuntu attempts to choose defaults that work well with other defaults so that everything 'just works'.


Why can't Ubuntu 18.04 chroot into a qemu environment?

You have missed one step - you need to copy qemu-arm-static executable to the ARMhf filesystem.

So the steps below should work:

wget http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.11/releases/armhf/alpine-minirootfs-3.11.3-armhf.tar.gz
mkdir my_env
cd my_env
tar -xf ../alpine-minirootfs-3.11.3-armhf.tar.gz
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static ./usr/bin/ # this is essential step!
sudo chroot . /bin/sh

And you will be able to run commands inside this chroot, for example:

# arch
armv7l

Notes:

I have tested this method on my Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and 18.04 LTS. It is based on my other answer.
Just tested chroot'ing from upcoming 20.04 LTS - is does not need copying of qemu-arm-static.


Alt-Tab in Unity 2D makes app icon jiggle instead of switching

Unfortunately this is a bug, so there's not much you can do about that other then filing a bug report. But, you can enable the Super(Window Key) + Tab switcher which does the same thing, switches between applications. I will show you how to enable the Super Key + Tab switcher in Ubuntu 11.10.

1. Open the Ubuntu Software Center.

2. In the search box in the upper right hand corner, type in "Compiz Config Settings Manager". Click on the result for the program, then click install.

3. Enter your password when prompted, then press Enter.

4. Once the application has finished installing, open it by pressing the Super key, searching for "Compiz Config Settings Manager", and clicking the result for the program. You will see a window like the following:

5. Click "Ring Switcher",Then click check the checkbox to enable the plugin. Close CCSM, then press Super + Tab.

6. Have fun with your new switcher!


Probably the easiest way to start over is to remove or - less irrevocably - rename your personal geany configuration directory, either from the nautilus file manager (you will need to enable hidden files from the View menu, or by hitting Ctrl+H), or from the command line using

mv ~/.config/geany{/,.old}

A new default version of the directory and its configuration files will be created next time you start geany.


"Failed to create user" due to regular expression error

The username you're entering contains bad characters. Try entering a simple username containing only lower-case English letters - daniel is good, &&Daniel <*> Johnson## is not so good.


update-grub2 not finding windows7 partition

This was most likely caused by you accidentally  installing grub to your Windows filesystem, meaning that your Windows filesystem now contains a directory "/Boot/" created by Windows for its bootloader, and a directory "/boot/" (Note that one has a capital 'B' ant the other a lowercase 'b') created by grub-install. This is confusing os-prober. The solution is to mount your Windows partition and remove the "/boot" directory created by grub-install (To be safe, before removing it completely you should rename it to something like "bad_boot" so that you can restore it if needed rather than deleting it completely).

If you don't know how to do what I've explained above please run boot info script and post the RESULTS.txt as explained here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1291280 and I will give you step by step directions based on your current setup.


That's because you're up against YouTube which is huge and has servers all over the planet and they use them very efficiently to stream Terabytes of data!!!

If you really want to do this: don't remove any YouTube address from your IPtables; just keep adding them and to start, just go  here for a list of YouTube IP addresses and add those all in.  Check it weekly as they keep adding servers...

Fair warning: Some day, when you finally nailed down all of the YouTube servers, someone will show up at your desk and tell you: "Look, there's this educational video on how to install my printer/teach me math/... and I really need it!" and then you're going to pull out all of your hair and remove the blocks you've so painstakingly put in.  (Your mileage may vary, though)

Edit: Additionally there might be circumstances where you actually block other Google services if you block huge ranges of YouTube IP addresses in IPtables or any other IP based filtering.


No more volume OSD after 14.10 -> 15.04 upgrade

For some reason I had another notification daemon running, so I uninstalled it before reinstalling notify-osd:

sudo apt-get remove xfce4-notifyd
sudo apt-get install --reinstall notify-osd

then reboot.


Can i store files and boot from the same External hard drive?

Hi and welcome to askubuntu!

The answer is affirmative. I myself am running Ubuntu from an external hard drive with a separate partition (FAT32 formatted) where I keep my music and common documents.

The only caveat is making sure that in the installation process you select the right drive (the external one) as the boot loader target. You will have to manually edit your partitions and leave free space for your extra partition(s).

You should also make sure (!) you are editing the partitions on your external hard drive. Remember that formatting the disk will erase its contents, it would be unfortunate if you end up erasing your internal hard drive :)

This image shows the point at which you must choose the right drive for the bootloader (this is also an image of the Do something else... installation option):

My recommendation (a simplistic one) is to create the following partitions:

/boot   with ~300 MB
swap    depends on the RAM of your system (if you've got 1 GB of RAM try with ~2 GB of swap)
/       with ~25 GB (if installing a lot of software consider ~35 GB)
/home   make the sum of this and the others equal to ~100 GB

then leave the remaining 100 GB for common storage (format it to FAT32, for example).


Solve the multiple copy and paste clipboard problem

Parcellite Clipboard Manager will do what you want.  Open the preferences, and check "Use Copy" "Use Primary" and "Synchronize Clipboards".
But be aware that synchronizing the selection buffer to the clipboard will necessarily prevent you from pasting text over a selection, because selecting text to paste over will replace the clipboard with the selected text.


This is called the "message of the day" or motd and by default is stored in /etc/motd. It is a bash script so all you need to do is execute it.

In case you want to add your own use /etc/motd.tail. More details here and from the link:

  Let’s say you want to add a custom message users will see when they log into your Ubuntu system. Ubuntu’s MOTD is generated by scripts when you log in, so you can’t just add it to the /etc/motd file. The place to put your own static messages is /etc/motd.tail — the contents of this file are added to the end of the MOTD when it’s generated.


Cannot Configure kerio-control-vpnclient in ubuntu 12.04 64bit

As op said, the output of dpkg --get-selections | grep kerio command shows,

kerio-control-vpnclient:i386

So reconfiguring the above package will works,

sudo dpkg-reconfigure kerio-control-vpnclient:i386


Ok so since I was unable to find specific information on a proper conversion of grub1 for Centos5.5 that's what I did.

menuentry "CentOS release 5.5 (Final) (on /dev/sda5)" {
        insmod ext2
        set root='(hd0,5)'
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 66daaf1a-53b0-4e12-96f3-db01d52e12d1
        drivemap -s (hd0) ${root}
        chainloader +1
}

Basically I chainloaded grub1 loader inside grub2 loader.


Grub issue in 12.04: "Booting in blind mode."

I found out what the problem was, apparently it has something to do with having Legacy Grub rather than Grub 2. Not sure whether is was UEFi that wasn't playing nice with it, but updating Grub to Grub2 using the following steps solved this issue and my laptop boots normally without the message:

Open a terminal and run: sudo apt-get install grub-pc
Accept when a pop-up window asks whether to chainload to Grub2 or not:

I accepted adding all the boot menu entries seeing as my system booted correctly before

Select the correct drive where to install Grub 2. Selected by using the arrow keys and Spacebar to highlight the drives to install it on, tabbing to the <OK> before pressing enter once done.

    5. Then reboot by using sudo reboot. On reboot you are queried whether to chainload or not:

Once I checked that all my Grub entries worked correctly in Grub2 by rebooting to test each of them I upgraded Grub to Grub2 using sudo upgrade-from-grub-legacy in a terminal window.

I'm not sure if this is just a workaround but at least my problem seems to be solved for the time being.

Sources of information/screenshots:

Ubuntu Community Site on upgrading to Grub2
UnixNewbie Explanations on how to upgrade to Grub2


Change the system folder name back to English

Open a Terminal and run

LANG=C xdg-user-dirs-update --force

Log out and log in again to apply the new configuration.

This will just configure and create the new folders but not touch your old folders or copy any files. You have to move the files from the old folders to the news ones yourself.


How to animate when switching virtual desktops again?

Found a solution by myself.

Open Compositor.
Uncheck 'Enable Compositor on startup' check box.
Re-check 'Enable Compositor on startup' check box.
Click 'OK' button and close Compositor.

I don't know why Compositor forgot the status of 'Enable Compositor on startup' check box, but this procedure resolved the issue.


Permission Problems with Newly Formatted Drive

This happens because ext4 is a native filesystem for Linux which supports ACL's while NTFS is not a native filesystem for Linux and as such does not support the ACL's but it does support access rights that can be defined in for example the fstab file. So to solve the problem you need to make sure that you're a member of a group that has sufficient access rights to the ext4 file system.

This command will help you to overcome the access problems of the existing files: chmod -R 777 /media/your mount. Change /media/your mount according to your needs.


Add specific printer output tray as new printer

I found the answer

1) I need to add new printer as shell script which can be part of my charm config.

2) With lpadmin ( adding new network /shared printer) there is an option part -o [options]

3) All options are printer specific and all defined in printer's PPD

4) Install printer with correct PPD

5) Look at all "options" by lpoptions -p [Printer Name -l] , it displays all printer's features as option and find Output Tray or Output Bin

6) In my case it was "OutputBin=" however in one of my printers the tray or bin numbers was Bin1,Bin2, ... and the other one was MailBoxBin1, MailBoxBin2,..

so the correct script is:

lpadmin  -p [printer local name] -v smb://domain/user:pass@printer_server_IP/Printer_shared_name  [ or socket://printer_IP:port/ ] virologic/apprunner:Y0g1Bear@10.196.1.250/ITPrinterBW -E -P [printer PPD file]-o OutputBin=Bin1


Use Control+Right Alt+Arrows to change workspaces

This post provides a few options to fix the problem:
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1936999#p1936999
The simplest option seems to be to go to Gnome Settings => Keyboard Shortcuts => Alternate Characters Key and select a key other than Right Alt. Then the Right Alt key will start working again for the change workspace shortcut.


Solution turned out to be pretty simple. Make sure you read the man pages for xrandr, especially for overscan and transform, because your settings are likely going to be different.

Use xrandr --prop to see available settings and displays. Replace TV-1 with your display device.

alias tvout='xrandr --output TV-1'
tvout --off
tvout --set mode NTSC-M
tvout --set overscan 0
tvout --set "flicker reduction" 0
tvout --transform 1.0,0,0,0,0.75,0,0,0,1
tvout --auto
tvout --Left-of DVI-I-1

There is no harm in playing around with the transform settings. You may have to disable/enable your display for changes to be applied.

For example:

tvout --off
tvout --transform 2.0,0,0,0,1.5,0,0,0,1
tvout --auto

Custom Modelines

You may also add custom modelines. Easiest working list is: https://www.mythtv.org/wiki/Working_with_Modelines

I did not find adding custom modelines to be necessary, but it can be done completely through xrandr. There is no need to modify the xorg configuration.


Monitor height differences & the mouse going off screen

Roughly speaking, the answer is “you can't”.  It's filed as bug 389519 and is mostly-fixed upstream (there's a patch-series that implements pointer barriers, and this is one of them).


How to limit users that can use root command

You can limit root access in several ways:

You can configure sudo to allow access to only some, but not all commands. Take care with this as sometimes this may allow shell access (for example running vim as root with sudo -> vim will then allow shell access).

For details see https://www.sudo.ws/man/sudoers.man.html, there are entire sections on how to configure sudo to allow access to a limited set of commands, by user, by group, and by alias.

You can limit root with apparmor.

See discussions on Simple & easy way to jail users and http://blog.bodhizazen.com/linux/shared-ssh-sessions-update-for-jaunty-ubuntu-904/

If you have a specific problem with either method, revise your question or better ask a more specific question.

On other systems you can limit root with similar tools such as selinux - see http://www.engardelinux.org/ Engarde Linux restricts root with selinux ;)

You can restrict access to data via encryption.


Why is Claws Mail starting in offline mode?

I suspect it's an issue w/NetworkManager, which seems to have more than its share of issues in 11.10.

As a workaround, edit your ~/.claws-mail/clawsrc file and set 'use_networkmanager=0'.


Can I prevent /tmp being deleted if the computer crashes?

/tmp is cleaned at boot by the Upstart script /etc/init/mounted-tmp.conf. If you look at that file, you see that there are no ways to tell it not to do his job. However you are free to modify it.

Here's how I'd proceed:

At the very end of mounted-tmp.conf (just before end script), place the following:

 touch /tmp/.notclean

This way, every time /tmp is mounted, a file .notclean will be created.
After the following line (which is the line before the script starts removing files)...

 cd "${MOUNTPOINT}" || exit 1

...check for the existence of .notclean. If the file exists, it means that the computer did not shutdown cleanly.

 cd "${MOUNTPOINT}" || exit 1
 [ -f .notclean ] && exit 0

Now you need a new Upstart script that removes .notclean on shutdown. Create /etc/init/mark-tmp-clean.conf and place this code:

 description "some useful description"
 start on starting rc
 task
 script
     rm -f /tmp/.notclean
 end script


Fresh Installation of 16.04 and everything seems broken

Allegedly, AMD support dropped off in 16.04 - and isn't due to return anytime soon.
But neither of my machines have anything AMD, and I still had other problems.
I'd be willing to bet your problem is not due to your hardware - but live booting/reinstalling an older distro will certainly help you deduce that.

The first thing I would try, if I were you - is to install a newer kernel.
Try 4.5 - upgrading the kernel fixed a few things for me.

Second, you may want to roll back to 14.04 - or in my honest opinion, 15.10 was solid, and will be my choice for rolling back, if it really comes down to it.


You probably have to install CUPS to be able to install printers; since 16.04 it is not part of the basic Lubuntu anymore.
This is apparently a reason for quite a few people not being able to add printers in Lubuntu 16.04.
The command is likely

sudo apt-get install libcups2:i386 libcupsfilters1:i386 libcupsimage2:i386

instead of the typical

sudo apt-get install cups

You should try, I found contradicting info on this point.

Once you have CUPS (and you later mentioned you have it), configure the printer from CUPS, e.g., going to http://localhost:631/ -> Administration -> Add printer. Note: you have to: 1) be root, 2) be in the list of sudoers (this is what I use now), or 3) disable password protection for users in CUPS.

This is one of the possible methods listed here to manage printers.
The link contains other possibly useful info (the source of your problem is not clear at this point).

Note that the Help menu in the web interface for CUPS contains a significant amount of information.


I get Busybox built-in shell (initramfs) on every boot - help!

This is a bug related to this. One easy way to solve this is to select LVM or ZFS partition while installing Ubuntu 20.04+.


Will installing Ubuntu in Legacy Mode ruin Windows?

Linux and Windows can run in legacy mode. They both can ALSO run in EFI mode.

It does not matter what you use, dual booting will not be an issue. However you will have issues if you attempt to install one as EFI and another as legacy. They cannot mix. It's all or nothing.

Install Windows first and then Ubuntu second. There are numerous guides that explain how to do this.


How muru commented:

  -p prints $_. If you're going to do your own printing, use -n.

perl -ne 'while (/((\(.*?[^)]\))|(".*?"))/g) {print "$1 ";} print "\n"' testdata


Recursively count all files ignoring certain directory paths

find . -type f -not -path "*/build/*" | wc -l

This will recursively count all files, ignoring any directories containing a build folder.


Nano via the terminal, how to write special characters?

If you hit CTRL+SHIFT+U you will get an underlined u. Then type a character code and hit ENTER

You can see all the unicode character codes here: http://www.utf8-chartable.de/

The part where it says U+00e9; you can type CTRL+SHIFT+U 00e9

Or even just CTRL+SHIFT+U e9

Then hit ENTER


Crashing/freezing problems with an Aspire One 722

I had similar issues which were all virtually eliminated after changing boot options in the BIOS. For some reason network boot has to be attempted first or the system doesn't want to work right with Linux (or Ubuntu at any rate).

This fix and others can be found here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1811178 . Though they are for 11.04, several are still applicable


Edited

mousepad /home/YOUR_NAME/.local/share/applications/viber.desktop

to:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Viber
Comment=Viber VoIP and messenger
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/viber.png
Exec=dbus-launch /opt/viber/Viber
NoDisplay=false
Categories=Application;Network;
StartupNotify=false
Terminal=false

to fix the Viber icon.


Failed to retrieve share list from server: Invalid argument

Short Answer: You cannot until this bug is resolved: https://bugs.launchpad.net/gvfs/+bug/1828107
A gvfs backend process ( gvfsd-smb-browse ) drops down to SMB1 ( NT1 ) to get a list of SMB hosts and their shares and then gets stuck there. When it tries to access a SMB server that has disabled SMB1 like Ubuntu 20 it cannot because there is no SMB1 - that is the "invalid argument".
You can still access the host and its share but you cannot browse or discover it. You must access it explicitly by host name and share name in Connect to Server.

Browsing from a Windows 10 pc is working fine.

There are only two ways a Win10 client can discover any Linux samba server:
** You enabled WS-Discovery on your Ubuntu box which you would remember doing since it is somewhat involved.
** Or you enabled client side SMB1 on your Win10 box. You can verify that in Win10 by:
Entering "Windows Features" in Search then expanding SMB 1.0/CIFS File Sharing Support

In this case Win10 will use SMB1 to get the list of shares but then uses SMB2 / SMB3 to make the actual connection. That is the thing an Ubuntu 20 client cannot do.
I have a Win10 machine that has enabled SMB1 on the client side. In Explorer I can see the non-smb1 Ubuntu server using NetBIOS:

If I connect to one of it's shares I am connecting using SMB3:

$ sudo smbstatus -b
Samba version 4.11.6-Ubuntu PID     Username     Group        Machine
Protocol Version  Encryption           Signing
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1443    nobody       nogroup
2605:a601:a1a4:d000:30e3:5dca:a90c:1fea
(ipv6:2605:a601:a1a4:d000:30e3:5dca:a90c:1fea:49761) SMB3_11

-                    -


How to set php 8.0 as default version in ubuntu server

You will likely need to do two things:

Set the alternative version to your 8.0 installation:
sudo update-alternatives --set php /usr/bin/php8.0

Confirm you have the CLI (Command Line Interface) package installed:
sudo apt install php8.0-cli

From here you should be good to go.


how to set icons and theme from terminal?

Should work with gsettings try these commands...

Change GTK-Theme:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme "CoolestThemeOnEarth"

Change Icon-Theme:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface icon-theme 'MyIconTheme'

Change Window-Theme:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences theme "CoolestThemeOnEarth"


Only network with loss packet ubuntu 18.04

Is not possible to provide an answer with so few information. I would required to know what connection speed is your router showing (in the admin panel, normally at 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.0.1) and what's the speed of your wifi connection and many other details...
But I can tell but your ping, that the first 3 packets received had very high latency. That could mean that your network was in high use (windows downloading a patch, the antivirus, may be a playstation updating, an smart tv updating, you downloading things when doing the test, etc...)
However, your ping tends to make me believe that the problem is that the Wifi signal to your laptop is weak.
Try to connect an Ethernet cable directly to the router and disable the Wifi and repeat the ping. If you have 0% packets loss and good latency, the problem is in your Wifi.
You can also repeat the test with your laptop next to the router. Again, if you have no packet loss, probably you've too much distance or obstacles between the router and the laptop.
If your router shares two Wifis, one 2.4 ang another 5G try switching to the other to see if it works better for you.


How can i watch the PHP preview on browser?

I am still new, but am working on something similar. My files are in var/www/html. Not sure if moving them to the html folder would help, but might be work a shot. Also, are you accessing from localhost? If you are developing locally, you should be able to type in localhost in your browser and see a file directory, you can also try localhost/(yourfilename).php


Audio no longer working after AMD Catalyst install, Xubuntu 12.04

George A. solved the problem in his question:

  The problem must lie with Pulseaudio, as I followed the instructions here to uninstall it and, after rebooting, everything worked perfectly!


Mac canadian multilingual keyboard on ubuntu

Editing files owned by the xkb-data package should be avoided, since the changes will be lost if/when the package is updated. And in this case there is a more straightforward way to achieve what you want.

So, the first thing I suggest is that you reset the changes you made by running this command:

sudo apt install --reinstall xkb-data

Then you can use XKB options. To change the behavior in the current session you can run this command:

setxkbmap -option "lv3:lalt_switch,lv3:ralt_alt,apple:badmap"

If that does what you want, you can make the changes persistent by opening the file /etc/default/keyboard for editing and change this line:

XKBOPTIONS=""

to

XKBOPTIONS="lv3:lalt_switch,lv3:ralt_alt,apple:badmap"


Do I need to format windows drive only or the whole hard disk?

For Ist question

No you dont need to delete ANY partition. You can make Dual Boot system along with Windows either by using wubi that comes with Ubuntu or completely independent OS. In case of WUBI it will be installed on same Partition e.g C:\ as an app but will give you option during boot to which OS you want to use and good thing about it that you can it uninstall it just like any other app from Uninstall section of Windows. OR

if you want to have a only ubuntu as the OS, then choose Somthing else option in ubuntu installer.

Identify the c: drive. Delete it.

Create a new partition using file system as ext4 and mount point as \.

Then continue to installation.

For 2nd Part

Yes u can access other partitions like NTFS thats the beauty of Linux.

Hopes this answers. Enjoy


Gnome Software Center recommended software on the front page is empty

Finally figured it out. snap service somehow got masked. I had to sudo systemctl unmask snapd and sudo systemctl unmask snapd.socket, then sudo systemctl enable snapd, then sudo systemctl restart snapd.


Where is python installed on my Ubuntu Mate

On installed system Python is available as python3.
Python2 is deprecated, so you can make symlink between python and python3 by executing the following command:
sudo apt-get install python-is-python3

and then Python 3 will be available as python too.


Use Aptana Studio 3 to edit files on Ubuntu Server 14.04 LTS

I added:

  sudo chown -R user /var/www/

Replacing "user" with my "name"

Now I don't get an error when I save it but I am not sure if that is the correct way to go about it.


The conjure-up screen was waiting on MaaS to release another host to use in this situation.  One for the JuJu controller, and one for the Landscape system. So it just sat waiting for a host to be ready without canceling.  User error, and we can close this out.


I have a disk with Xubuntu  32x which will always boot up.

I have push the Left side Shift key & then push F12 to boot from the disk. After I have Erased & installed Xubuntu. I have done the same thing with disk with Ubuntu 64x, which is installing right now on this hard drive:

I have done the same thing before installed Windows 10 hard drive.

...  but ...  it does works. Maybe it’s the 32x version ?

It just works for me !!!


My Dash does not show recent applications. What can I do to fix that?

There was a similar problem reported here

The solution was to reinstall unity-lens-applications and unity-lens-files packages and the Dash magically works.

Both these packages were formely named unity-place-applications and unity-place-files

We are looking into it. Probably some packaging issue.


Cannot change brightness on Ubuntu 16.04

The only solution that worked was downgrading to Ubuntu 14.04


I had a similar problem years ago. There I had a cloned server VM on an ESXi, I could not reach and I tried a lot i.E. reinstall ssh, build new certificates, change server names and cleaned knowing hosts. In the end a reboot of this ESXi solved my problem.