Track logins made via non-interactive shells

When bash is started as a non-interactive shell, it doesn't read any startup files. Instead, it looks for the environment variable $BASH_ENV and, if that points to a file, reads whatever it points to. This is explained in the INVOCATION section of man bash:

  When bash is started non-interactively, to  run  a  shell  script,
  for    example, it looks for the variable BASH_ENV in the environment,
  expands    its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value
  as the  name    of  a  file to read and execute.  Bash behaves as if
  the following com‐    mand were executed:

if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi

  but the value
  of the PATH variable is not used to search for the  file‐
  name.

So, if you set BASH_ENV to point to a file containing your command, it should work:

Edit /etc/environment to set BASH_ENV for all users. Open the file in your favorite editor and add this line:

export BASH_ENV="/path/to/your/file"

Create /path/to/your/file with the following contents:

printf '%s logged in at: %s\n' "$USER" "$(date +'%T')" >> /home/alphauser/ssh-entries.log

Now try logging in via ansible again.

Important: I have no experience with ansible, so I am not entirely sure how you log in using it. This assumes that you first start a normal login shell and then run the ansible command. If not, it will probably fail. If this doesn't work, please edit your question and give more information about how you log in through ansible.


From the Ubuntu Forums:

snippit

Apple Intel Mac (Mactel) FAQ

Welcome to the Apple Users Forum at ubuntuforums.org.
This forum is focused on providing community support on the installation and setup of Ubuntu running on Apple hardware.

This FAQ is targeted at Users with a Intel-based Macintosh computers (mactel) with Core and Core 2 CPUs or Xeon. If you have a PowerPC-based Mac (G3, G4, G5) Please see the PowerPC FAQ. Please be sure to always check this FAQ and the Mactel-Support Community Support Documentation before asking a question in the forum, and when asking a question in the forum, post your Mac's version string.

Can I run Ubuntu on my Mac?
YES! You will have to reduce the size of your OSX partition in order to make room for Ubuntu.

Read more from the link above. It is very detailed and descriptive.

Ubuntu Documentation MacBook Pro 8.1


Sound plays through head phones but not speakers

On my system, the volume levels are set separately for headphones and for speakers. That is, when I connect the headphones the volume level changes.

Make sure it is not going to mute when you remove the headphones.


Google Chrome on Ubuntu 12.04 Freezes My Laptop

Google Chrome causing freeze is a known issue, but mostly related to newer hardware and the Linux kernel.
If your computer has new hardware, it possible that the Linux kernel in 12.04 (3.2) is a bit behind and has some compatibility issues with the hardware. This is known to cause occasional computer freezes and alike. You can easily upgrade to the newer kernel (3.5) that is included with newer Ubuntu releases, and if that is not the problem you can easily go back. Here it how you do it:

1) In terminal window type:

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-quantal

2) if asked whether to install all necessary packages enter Y

3) reboot to use the newest kernel

4) you can still boot with the old kernel through your GRUB boot menu (to get to it, hold Shift during boot)

Hope that helps!


Ubuntu 14.04 Sound Issue: Both Audio Channels Playing Over Only One Speaker

From alsa-info your sound card codec is IDT 92HD81B1X5 .

The codec  model can also be found running  this command:

lspci -v | grep -A7 -i "audio"

From this page HDA audio models.txt, the closest known codec is
STAC92HD83 (IDT/sigmatel).

From this list, you see which option you can try (more or less randomly) in the /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf file until your speakers are ok:

STAC92HD83*
  ref       Reference board
  hp-dv7-4000   HP dv-7 4000
  hp_cNB11_intquad HP CNB models with 4 speakers
  hp-zephyr HP Zephyr
  hp-led    HP with broken BIOS for mute LED
  hp-inv-led    HP with broken BIOS for inverted mute LED
  hp-mic-led    HP with mic-mute LED
  headset-jack  Dell Latitude with a 4-pin headset jack
  hp-envy-bass  Pin fixup for HP Envy bass speaker (NID 0x0f)
  hp-envy-ts-bass Pin fixup for HP Envy TS bass speaker (NID 0x10)
  hp-bnb13-eq   Hardware equalizer setup for HP laptops
  auto      BIOS setup (default)

To apply your first choice (f.i. the first in the list: "ref"), edit the alsabase.conf running this command:

sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

Add this line at the end:
options snd-hda-intel model=ref
save , reboot and test speaker.
If not ok, try the next model (f.i. hp-dv7-4000) modifying  again last line in alsa-base.conf to :
options snd-hda-intel model=hp-dv7-4000
Again, save , reboot and test speaker.
If you are lucky you will have 2 speakers ...

If it stills not good after trying many models, install alsa-tools to run hdajackretask, which is a low level wiring program for HDA sound card:
you can change codec output to physical jack  connections  : f.i. click   "override" near "internal speaker" , then you can choose another output in the list (like line out   ) to replace the present "speaker" which is not good. You will have to close every sound program, including alsamixer, and to unmute master fader (with alsamixer) when you have applied a change.
Some info here


Unable to start ubuntu touch emulator. How to solve that issue?

The main error is : ioctl(KVM_CREATE_VM) failed: Device or resource busy

Please be sure you have not another program running which issue virtual machine capabilities like Virtualbox.


If you boot into 9.04 and open up a terminal, then run:

sudo update-grub2

Hopefully it will update your GRUB and fix your problem.


Why can't I type in my search bar of my Ubuntu app?

It should just work.

However in glade select the text box and look on the general tab.

If you set "Editable" to no then you won't be able to type.  Check this setting as shown below


Using loginctl to lock your desktop screen from crontab.
/opt/bin/lock-session.sh:
#!/bin/bash

# crontab -e
# min hour dom month dow command
# 0 15 * * * /bin/bash -c /opt/bin/lock-session.sh

# Display     (is the first value of Sessions).
# Sessions    (array of sessions).
property=Sessions

for session in $(loginctl show-user $USER -p $property --value); do
    [[ \
    $(loginctl show-session $session -p Desktop --value) ]] && loginctl lock-session $session
done

exit 0


try in terminal

sudo shutdown now -P

or you can login to tty by Ctrl+Alt+F1 then sudo shutdown now -P


Inverse search in Kile (Ubuntu 13.10) doesn't work

This bug has been reported here:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/okular/+bug/1243692

and here

https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=326605

It seems that in order to make inverse search work, one should make sure that the "Browse" tool is selected in Okular, not "Zoom" or "Selection".


Ubuntu 16.04 running too slow even in core i3 PC

Why don't you try out Compiz Config Settings Manager and dial back some of the Unity graphic embellishments by enabling Low Graphics Mode.

In terminal, type:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

In CCSM, go to the Desktop section and select Ubuntu Unity Plugin. Look at the very bottom and you'll see Enable Low Graphics Mode. Check it.

See if that improves the feel a bit.


Simple Scan - Changing the default output File Type to PDF and improving Compression?

I've answered my own question!

Selecting Scan > Text now creates PDF files by default that are compressed. My preference for 'Text' is persisted, meaning that I can now quickly perform many scans without needing to manually update my settings per scan.

The reason why Simple Scan was defaulting to JPEG format previously was because I was scanning as an 'Image' rather than as 'Text'. I didn't see that there were options under the main 'Scan' menu item to optimise for either 'Images' or 'Text'.


Ubuntu 16.04 Unity No desktop just background wallpaper

Fix compiz problem :

sudo rm -fr ~/.cache/compizconfig-1
sudo rm -fr ~/.compiz

Then try this if your session not loading :

sudo rm -fr ~/.Xauthority
sudo rm -fr ~/.config/autostart

Reinstall compiz

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop unity compizconfig-settings-manager upstart

Finally clear the Unity Desktop :

sudo dconf reset -f /org/compiz/
setsid unity

This is how I fixed my problem hope it could be helpful to you.


try to run below command,

apt-get install rfkill

rfkill list

rfkill unblock bluetooth

service bluetooth start


How to change the Ubuntu installation to read-write mode on a mobile device

You can use the experimental writable flag, as explained in the system images announcement.

Note that once you've changed a RO installation to RW there is no going back. The only way to go back to RO mode is to reflash your device with ubuntu-device-flash.

OTA updates are still delivered to your device, but each one is at your own risk –you may have made changes that mean the OTA has bad side effects. If your device becomes unbootable, use ubuntu-device-flash to recover.

All that said, here's how to switch your device's Ubuntu installation to RW mode:

Ensure your device is connected to the host computer via USB, Developer Mode is enabled and the screen is unlocked.
Start a terminal on your host computer with (Ctrl+Alt+t) and run the following command:

phablet-config writable-image

After reboot your device will be in RW mode and you should be able to write to the file system to e.g. install packages for testing.


You could use LibreOffice

or Abiword

.


Is there a way to download deb packages and dependencies for Ubuntu on Windows?

The Short Answer:

The short answer is no, because Ubuntu's package management system (APT) is too complex. There are several things you must know to download the correct package files.

What repositories are you using? (e.g. standard Ubuntu repos, 3rd party repos, PPAs)
What sections in those repositories are you using? (e.g. main, nonfree, etc.)
What version of Ubuntu are you running?
What packages are already installed? (This will affect dependency resolution.)

Once you know all of those things, complex algorithms chew through package dependency information to decide which packages to download.

Then once you've installed packages, one or more of the items listed above may change.

The More Helpful Answer:

The good news is that sometimes an educated guess is sometimes good enough. In the past, Keryx has shipped with "default projects" based on clean installs of various Ubuntu versions which you could use without having to first create a project on your Ubuntu machine. So suppose you're at a library computer running Windows: you download Keryx, pick your version of Ubuntu, and download your desired packages. Chances are when you get back to your offline Ubuntu computer, those packages will install just fine, and you can update the project (grabbing the information listed above) so your next trip to the library is just as fruitful.

I've just released a new version of Keryx (0.92.5), so maybe that will fix the issues you've had in the past. If not, I'd be happy to help. It does not ship with "default projects" as it has in the past, but I may add them in the near future.

Other projects have attempted to accomplish what you're describing, to various degrees of success. I think Keryx has come the closest. But to return to the short answer, APT was not designed to work offline, so it does take significant effort to manage software on an offline Ubuntu computer, and it can't be done effectively using only an online Windows computer.


Start script on system startup (Ubuntu 16.04.1)

The easiest solution is using sudo powers create a file like this in /etc/cron.d/:
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
@reboot   root    mkdir /cronjobs
@reboot   root    sleep 10
@reboot   root    mkdir /cronjobs/demofolder

This avoids the use of a script file altogether and works for all users regardless of their home directory name, ie /home/steve, /home/mary, etc.
Edit - Add sleep 10
For whatever reason cron is working too fast, or kernel is working too slow when making directories. An extra line sleep 10 was necessary between the two mkdir lines.
You may not need 10 seconds in between the two make directory commands but 10 works on my system with an SSD.
Edit 2 - Make full directory path in one command
As per comments below a simpler method is to use:
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
@reboot   root    mkdir -p -v /cronjobs/demofolder

-p (long version --parents) tells mkdir to automatically create all directory parent levels if they don't exist.
-v (long version --verbose) tells mkdir to print the names of all directories created.


How to use sed to delete timestamp pattern from a zero-terminated list of filenames

Since you control the output, it is very easy to remove the timestamps. You know that each \0-delineated record will start with the timestamp and then a space. So all you need to do is remove all non-space characters until the first space:
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -printf '%T@ %p\0' |
    sort -rz | sed -z '1,8d; s/^[^ ]* //'

However, you probably want numeric sort and you may as well only sort on the first field, no need to also sort on the file name. So, this will give you the 8 oldest files:
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -printf '%T@ %p\0' |
    sort -rznk1,1 | sed -z '1,8d; s/^[^ ]* //'


Trying to launch windows after uninstalling LXLE: file /boot/grub/i386-pc/normal.mod not found

Boot to a Windows recovery disk (any recovery/installation disk or USB, including the free Windows 10 Technical Preview one will do).

Instead of using "Install Now", use "Repair your computer". Then go to Troubleshoot>Command prompt. Type:

bootrec.exe /fixmbr

Your computer should now be fixed.


What you did was enabled sharing of your files in Ubuntu, whereas you need to enable sharing in your Windows OS to be able to reach it.


Can't Change Permissions of Files in Home Folder without Sudo

It seems to be a permission issue. From the output i can see, that the file is owned by root. Only from the root account (but including with sudo) you can make changes to the file's permissions. You need the change the ownership of the file. Run this command in the Terminal to take ownership of all the files in your home directory:

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER $HOME


Why isn't 'debdelta' used by default in Ubuntu?

There is two main reason in my point of view:

First of all there is no mirror for delta thus the download speed is too slow and at the same time servers will be under heavy pressure.

Second is, it's more complicated for both client/server side to implement, client machine should invest more power and time to use deltas in contrast of regular updates, in the other hand high speed Internet is available almost in most of the places, so it's more logical to prefer regular updates over delta.

Read here.


Wow, that web site is COMPLETELY WRONG.  I am an engineer and among other things, sometimes design and build battery packs.  I have read many data sheets from battery manufacturers and they all say the exact opposite, and I have experimental evidence that they are correct.

Batteries LIKE being fully charged.  If the charger is overcharging them, then it is broken.  A correct charger stops charging the battery when it is full, so it is good to leave it plugged in if you can.  The more often you discharge the battery, and the deeper you do so shorten its life.  A typical battery can handle several thousand cycles if you limit depth of discharge to 30% ( meaning you recharge it once it falls to 70% ).  Going to 50% cuts the life of a typical battery down to the 1000 cycle range, and 30% or less drops it to a few hundred.  A battery that is fully discharged and remains that way for weeks or months will loose much of its capacity if it can be recharged at all.

Notice the inverse relationship between depth of discharge and state of charge.  Battery manufacturers and engineers use the former term.  The marketing guy who wrote that web site probably did not understand the difference and so he got it upside down.


Starting with 12.04, Ubuntu doesn't ship with any screensavers, just a black screen that appears when your system is idle. If you’d rather have screensavers, you can swap gnome-screensaver for XScreenSaver.

Screensavers were actually removed back in Ubuntu 11.10. Ubuntu uses gnome-screensaver and inherited the change from upstream GNOME. The GNOME developers think a black screen that puts your monitor into lower-power mode is optimal.

Installing XScreenSaver

Open a terminal and run the following command to uninstall gnome-screensaver:

sudo apt-get remove gnome-screensaver

Install XScreenSaver and some additional screensaver packages with the following command:

sudo apt-get install xscreensaver xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl-extra

Configuring your screensaver

After installation, perform a search in the Dash for Screensaver. Launch the Screensaver utility and use it to configure XScreenSaver and select your screensaver settings.

The Screensaver utility will prompt you to stop the gnome-screensaver process and launch the xscreensaver background process when you start it.

By default, XScreenSaver will choose a random screensaver each time it starts. You can specify the screensavers it chooses from or enable "Only One Screensaver" mode to always use your favorite screensaver.

Adding to Startup

To actually use the screensavers, you'll want XScreenSaver to start in the background each time you log in. If it doesn’t start, it can’t notice your system is idle and launch screensavers.

Get started by launching the Startup Applications utility from the Dash. Add a startup program with the following command. The name and comment here can be anything you like:

xscreensaver -nosplash

Reverting Your Changes

Reverting these changes is simple. Just run these commands to uninstall XScreenSaver and reinstall gnome-screensaver:

sudo apt-get remove xscreensaver xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl-extra
sudo apt-get install gnome-screensaver

Source and more about: How to Add Screensavers to Ubuntu 12.04.


18.04 boots but only from grub menu, or after displaying tty

As described in the question, something about the splash screen and/or loading screen was bothering the gdm.

So I used this ...

https://askubuntu.com/a/198605/1087176

... and disabled the splash screen, as well as disabled 'quiet' so that the boot process would always display progress via text-mode output.

Boots properly now... or at least properly enough.


TO  install .SH file :-

open terminal :-

go to folder you have downloaded (considering in download folder ) :-

cd Downloads/

make .sh file executable by :-

   chmod +x 'yourfile.sh'

ie:        chmod +x netbeans.sh

Or right click on .sh file >> properties >> permission >> allow to execute

NOW :- run

./yourfile.sh

ie: ./netbeans.sh


ack-grep: command not found after upgrade to Ubuntu 18.04

ack-grep is a meta package to pull ack in 18.04.

Try to do sudo apt install ack and execute ack instead of ack-grep ; that's a proper command.


“Restricted Mode” disabled but on youtube “Some results have been removed because Restricted Mode is enabled by your network administrator.”

Just had the same issue after nuking my computer and rebooting it with Ubuntu 20.10 and Windows 10. What I had to do was log into my internet service provider's website (Xfinity) and reassign the device from the default profile, which had parental controls enabled, to my own, which had them turned off. I know you said you didn't have issues with windows on the same machine, but it's worth a shot if you haven't tried it.


getting HP laptop to work with projector

I think your drivers are fine (Sandy Bridge seems to a broader name for your card as you can see here)

Just in case, check that your system is up to date (run sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade)

If the problem persist, you can try to reinstall the drivers as explained here.

However, for me this smells more like a bug. I hope other users come by and help you.


Add 'tsched=0' to the 'load-module module-udev-detect' line in /etc/pulse/default.pa

It should read after changes:

load-module module-udev-detect tsched=0

Save changes and restart your system.


No you won't.

You have a working GRUB environment at the moment and Manjara also uses GRUB. This shouldn't give any problems.

Make sure that you check the right options on the Manjaro installation and create a FULL SYSTEM IMAGE so you can always jump back if something went wrong.

Hope this helps.


After software update text display only 4 letters

I think this is same problem as this answer to a similar problem.
I was able to fix it by removing the 3rd party AMD Radeon drivers I had previously installed (and had been working fine up until this morning when I did a SW package upgrade & rebooted). I ran the following commands and rebooted. Now my display is back to normal:
sudo apt install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers


Cannot RDP to Windows 7 with Remmina on 12.04

I too had the problem that I could connect to a Windows 7 machine and suddenly (after weeks) I got this error:
Unable to connect to RDP server

In my case I deleted the entry from ~/.freerdp/known_hosts and it then worked fine.


Is possible to make symlinks that 'follow' the file?

You could create hard links.

Hard links have their own downsides, e.g., no links to directories, no links across filesystems. And they're not deleted when you delete the "original"; in fact, they prevent the drive space for being freed and you can still access the content through the hard link.

You can't create hard links in the file browser (Nautilus), but there's a bug report about it.


Edited libappmenu.so and now apps only run as root

Try re-installing the appmenu-gtk package:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall appmenu-gtk

I hope this works.


How to change the Default Number Format for a Calc Spreadsheet?

I've found the solution!! I was saving the file in the original .xlsx format as I imported it from my OSX days. Now that for the first time I've saved it as an .ods file the again corrected number format, has stuck.


To my knowledge, there is no package on the Adobe web site. You download file install_flash_player_11_linux.x86_64.tar.gz, move it to a directory by itself, and extract the contents. The contents will ba a file, libflashplayer.so, and a directory, usr.

You copy the .so file to the plugins directory for whatever browser you are using. On my system, using Firefox, that is /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins

Then, you copy the contents of the usr directory to your system's /usr: "sudo cp -r ./usr/* /usr"


Given the types of hosts you have in your network there isn't a real good answer to your dilemma.

There are two ways a Linux smb client can "discover" hosts on the network.

The old netbios way which in 18.04 is pretty much broken and can only be fixed if you add "client max protocol = NT1" to smb.conf.
The modern mDNS way which works for Linux, macOS, and any device designed to work with them.

A server ( like Ubuntu 18.04 ) can and does broadcast itself to the rest of the network using both methods except for Windows since it doesn't use mDNS for this purpose.

A Linux client can discover both which is why you see duplicates for those machines that brodcast using both methods. One of them will resolve to a-host-name ( netbios ) and one to a-host-name.local ( mDNS ). Any host that uses mDNS will show outside the "Windows Network" label because they aren't using netbios.

But, a further complication is that often used servers using netbios can show up outside the "Windows Network" because they have already been resolved and remembered.

EDIT: I offer here a possible way around this issue which might work for you: Don't browse for these hosts / devices. Bookmark them instead.

Browse to the server in Nautilus as you normally do but when the list of shares available shows up for that server bookmark it: Click on the "hamburger" icon in Nautilus and select the "Bookmark this Location" icon.

That will create a link on the side panel labeled "Windows shares on xxx". You can rename that if you want by right clicking the link.

Then when you want to access a network resource you select the bookmark instead of going through Network / Windows Network.


You need to mount the drive in 'disks' application before using it in applications.

Open Disks.
Click the hard drive
Select the partition and click gear icon
Go into edit mount options
Check mount at startup
select /dev/sdc3 and the mount Point field above it will have the mount path

Use that mount path in all applications.


It seems like you need a bit more information on the Linux directory system: You have one root directory / on your system. And this is where you have a number of folders like /home, /dev, /usr, /etc and so on. Some of the folders really exist on the disk, like home, usr and etc, but some are only virtual like proc or dev and contain temporary system/process/device info/represent them.

Now you have to understand that EVERY machine has this equal basic structure, independent of the underlying partitions. Every partition you mount gets placed into this one file system tree and bind to one specific directory. So e.g. your /home directory points to the partition sdb1 (which is represented by /dev/sdb1 by the way) while your /boot folder is located at sda1 and the rest of / is in sda2.
You can also just create a new folder like ~/data and bind the partition to this new folder.

So for your system you can say the following:

The only two partitions you need are / (the tree root) and swap (which does not get included into the tree). Then all data in any real directory under / would be stored in the root partition.
What you can do now is to take specific directories out of the root partition / and assign their own partition to them. Commonly you do this for /home and sometimes for /boot.

It is easy to do this at install time (select "do something else" when it ask whether it should install instead/alongside other OS and do the partitioning manually), but a bit more difficult to change it later, as you have to manually move the contents from the old directory to the new partition before you bind it. But it is of course possible and - this is the big advantage of this directory system - applications will not see any changes, as they still can access their files as before, because the path (e.g. /home/myusername/.mygame/hiscore) to all files stayed the same.

So what do you exactly want to do now and on which topic do you need further help?

 image source:
http://h0lug.sourceforge.net/ForrestHo00/samples/ooo11/openOfficeEmbeddedImage/zip-Sernet-LATM-LPI-101-v-0.2-20050712-1243-noXSO.sxw/file-Pictures/10000000000002D00000021CF2F25855.png


How to capture terminal output as execution proceeds?

You can do as in the following example.

Suppose we have a script called myscript.py that looks like this:

import time
for x in range(0, 33):
   print("hello", x, flush=True)
   time.sleep(1)

Then if we run it like this:

python3 myscript.py > mylog.txt

it will hang there until it completes, so we will not see the output while it is running.

To be able to see the output while it is running, we can do this instead:

python3 myscript.py > mylog.txt &

where the ampersand means that the terminal will not hang, we can give more commands while it is running. Then, we can do this to look at the contents of the log file while myscript.sh is writing to it:

tail -f mylog.txt

(Another possibility is to open a separate terminal window and do tail -f mylog.txt from there.)

Note that for this to work, the flush=True part of the print line is important, without flush=True the file contents will only be seen after the program completes.

In case the output is generated from some other program inside your python script, you can try adding import sys and then doing sys.stdout.flush() in the python code after calling the other program. See https://stackoverflow.com/a/230774/6708867


Searching line by line text between first two matches

You can use awk with the following parameters:

-F "_"  - which uses _ as separator
'{print $2}' - which prints the 2nd element

$ awk -F  "_" '{print $2}' input_file
ASSET-D
STRING-H
FILE-FD


nmcli, how to get "connection.id" or "general.name" of device

You can use the following command:

nmcli -t -f NAME c show --active


From the comments...

To improve the reliability of your servers, I'd strongly suggest the installation of an APC UPS to cover brown/black outs, and the installation of apcupsd software that allows a graceful server shutdown during extended power outages.


CVE-2019-11479 convert iptables command to ufw format

The link in my comment is correct, I was able to add the raw iptables rule to the /etc/ufw/after.rules file like so:

# CVE-2019-11479
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcpmss --mss 1:500 -j DROP

followed by a reload sudo ufw reload my iptables shows the correct rule in it's list

DROP       tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             tcpmss match 1:500


Unable to Access Ubuntu Server Through GUI

Ubuntu by default does not have any applications setup listening on port 8000.  There are applications that come setup listening like CUPS which is at http://localhost:631 if CUPS is installed at the time.

With the application in the video that is Ajenti (installation steps can be found at https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-the-ajenti-control-panel-and-ajenti-v-on-ubuntu-14-04).   After installing Ajenti then it can be accessed at http://localhost:8000

There are other apps out there for administering to hosts through webpages like Webmin which works at http://localhost:10000

Hope this helps!


Error in network definition: unknown key dhcp4-overrides

dhcp4-overrides requires netplan 0.95 or later, which is not yet available in Ubuntu 18.04.  See https://bugs.launchpad.net/netplan/+bug/1759014 for the status of this stable update.


The problem was caused by a monitor having been reset
Changing physical display settings in its menu eliminated character distortion. Problem is solved.
Possibly the monitor was reset during system upgrade.


Zenity script: dismiss window with close (x) button or Esc

A simplified script that uses yad can be a workaround in order to have the window dismissed as intended; labels are 'OK' for run and 'Cancel'
for edit.

sudo apt install yad

And the script is:

#!/bin/bash

yad --text="Execute the file? (press 'Cancel' to edit)"

case $? in
    0)thunar "$1"
    ;;
    1)gedit $1
    ;;
esac

A version of the initial script (somewhat improved based on the comment), which even in absence of action will close the window after a number of seconds:

#!/bin/bash

zenity --question --text="Press RUN to execute -- Press EDIT, ESC or close (x) to open as text -- or WAIT 7 seconds to dismiss" \
       --ok-label=RUN \
       --cancel-label=EDIT \
       --timeout=7

case $? in
    0)thunar $1
    ;;
    1)gedit $1
    ;;
esac


How Can I Restore The Default Login Manager for KDE?

You can try to reconfigure the sddm package with the command:

  sudo dpkg-reconfigure sddm

A list should appear asking for the default login manager, select sddm and the login manager should be changed.


What you want is this:

gnome-terminal -e 'bash -c "df;bash"'

The gnome-terminal by default runs any single command passed to it as single shot and exits. Thus you want to call a single command capable of running multiple, which is what bash -c "df;bash" does - it will run df, then spawn another instance of bash and prevent window from exiting one df completes execution.

Finally, add that to startup applications


Where are lxc containers security borderlines?

As I have seen about LXC It stores container information and (with the default backing store) root filesystems under /var/lib/lxc. Container creation templates also tend to store cached distribution information under /var/cache/lxc.

So Generally access to root filesystem only allowed to admin unless there is a misusage or wrong configuration user profiles while creating them.

But Ubuntu Developers may already came to this point and they have provided a secure solution with the help of AppArmor.

LXC ships with an Apparmor profile intended to protect the host from accidental misuses of privilege inside the container. For instance, the container will not be able to write to /proc/sysrq-trigger or to most /sys files.

The usr.bin.lxc-start profile is entered by running lxc-start. This profile mainly prevents lxc-start from mounting new filesystems outside of the container's root filesystem. Before executing the container's init, LXC requests a switch to the container's profile. By default, this profile is the lxc-container-default policy which is defined in /etc/apparmor.d/lxc/lxc-default. This profile prevents the container from accessing many dangerous paths, and from mounting most filesystems.

If you find that lxc-start is failing due to a legitimate access which is being denied by its Apparmor policy, you can disable the lxc-start profile by doing:

sudo apparmor_parser -R /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.lxc-start
sudo ln -s /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.lxc-start /etc/apparmor.d/disabled/

This will make lxc-start run unconfined, but continue to confine the container itself. If you also wish to disable confinement of the container, then in addition to disabling the usr.bin.lxc-start profile, you must add:

lxc.aa_profile = unconfined

to the container's configuration file. If you wish to run a container in a custom profile, you can create a new profile under /etc/apparmor.d/lxc/. Its name must start with lxc- in order for lxc-start to be allowed to transition to that profile. After creating the policy, load it using:

sudo apparmor_parser -r /etc/apparmor.d/lxc-containers

The profile will automatically be loaded after a reboot, because it is sourced by the file /etc/apparmor.d/lxc-containers. Finally, to make container CN use this new lxc-CN-profile, add the following line to its configuration file:

lxc.aa_profile = lxc-CN-profile

lxc-execute does not enter an Apparmor profile, but the container it spawns will be confined.


How to install Canon LBP-6000 on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Linux uses CUPS (Common Unix Printing System) to manage printers and print queues. Point your web browser to the CUPS admin page, http://localhost:631  and click on "Find New Printers". Respond with your login ID and password when prompted.

As for the vanishing print job, check your default printer with lpstat -d, and look at the logs in /var/log/cups/*.


How to downgrade PHP version 5.56 to 5.4 in Ubutu 15.10

You can use the Ondrej oldstable PPA to install php 5.4.  First you need to remove the existing php.

sudo apt-get remove --purge `dpkg -l | grep php | grep -w 5.5 | awk '{print $2}' | xargs`

sudo apt-get install python-software-properties

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php5-oldstable

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y php5


Hybrid Graphics Nvidia and Onboard Intel

You seam to have two option:

there is the nvidia proprietary solution

http://www.webupd8.org/2013/08/using-nvidia-graphics-drivers-with.html

and there is the open driver solution with the bumblebee solution

How to switch between hybrid Graphics Intel/nVidia?

I am afraid that both require the GPU to be used all the time...


gnome-terminal / mate-terminal don't save history on ~/.bash_history

I could not get to solve this problem. My solution was to reinstall Ubuntu MATE, but only the system. I have my home folder in another partition. I chose the installation method that kept my files. Also some apps were kept. After reinstalling, the problem was gone.


Installing Dual Boot Ubuntu on a Dell Inspiron i5565-5850GRY with AMD FX-9800P

You can permanently set the amd_iommu=off kernel parameter by referring to https://askubuntu.com/a/19487


I have heard that this is because I have been using the experimental Gnome 3 PPA. Thanks for your help!


Is it possible to run a MAAS Server in a VM, but to have mixed VM nodes and physical nodes in the cluster?

There are multiple ways you can go about this. Let call the node that is destined to host the VMs the "infra" node.

Create all VMs on the infra node. MAAS will also be deployed as a vm.
For this all you need to do is to create bridges on the infra node and connect the VMs directly. Just make sure that DHCP is off on the network that MAAS will use to PXE boot other nodes.

If you want to setup MAAS directly on the infra node. You can create a bridge (br0) and in the MAAS cluster configuration use br0 as the interface for the network.


Type sudo in front of the commands you want to execute as root.
You cand easily create documents by going sudo <your main text editor> <desired filename>.

Also sudo -i of you want to keep elevated root rights until you command exit.


What is the time between blinks of the terminal cursor?

Open gconf-editor (install with sudo apt-get install gconf-editor), then check in Desktop->gnome->interface : cursor_blink_time entry (express in milliseconds).

or using commandline:

gconftool --get /desktop/gnome/interface/cursor_blink_time


Cannot boot Ubuntu 18.04 without nomodeset

Updated.

After installing the Nvidia driver, the booting problem is gone:)


How to edit CD Rip settings in Rhythmbox to improve mp3 quality

Already reported bug: http://launchpad.net/bugs/945987


How to access a usb flash drive from the terminal?

1. Find what the drive is called

You'll need to know what the drive is called to mount it. To do that fire off one of the following (ranked in order of my preference):

lsblk
sudo blkid
sudo fdisk -l

You're looking for a partition that should look something like: /dev/sdb1. The more disks you have the higher the letter this is likely to be. Anyway, find it and remember what it's called.

2. Create a mount point (optional)

This needs to be mounted into the filesystem somewhere. You can usually use /mnt/ if you're being lazy and nothing else is mounted there but otherwise you'll want to create a new directory:

sudo  mkdir /media/usb

3. Mount!

sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media/usb

When you're done, just fire off:

sudo umount /media/usb

This answer is almost 6 years old and while the core of it still works, things like fdisk -l aren't the most user-friendly options. There are also new mechanisms in higher stacks for mounting devices in a sane and standard way which might not always be available.

So I've added some polish from the other answers. While you're reading this footnote and you're doing this on a desktop system, there definitely are  arguments for using udisksctl, per wecac's answer. This mounts in the same way the desktop does —creating your own /media/$USER/device directory— but I think there are still arguments for a static mountpoint, especially when you don't want the path to change.

Udisks also relies on D-Bus, so might not be available everywhere.


Well since nobody was willing to help me here, I figured I'll post what I did in case anyone cares...
Upgraded my RAM 8GB and installed a solid state hard drive.
Video is no longer choppy.
Thanks...


How do I check if my laptop WiFi supports 5ghz feq

You can check the channels that your wireless card supports with the terminal command:

sudo iwlist chan

Please note that setting your regulatory domain may affect the usable channels. In case yours is unset, here is the procedure:

Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

sudo nano /etc/default/crda

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Now check again:

sudo iwlist chan


From what I can tell (researching this all afternoon) gzopen() is now gzopen64() in php5.  I am still trying to find a way to map it locally without having to maintain code in 5,000 programs that call gzopen() instead.


You may have a long battle on your hands!

My Pixma iP1500 sort of worked in Ubuntu 11.04 (black ok but colour washed out yet ok in windows), but then stopped as soon as 11.10 was launched. There are many postings regarding this problem and although it's been blamed on CUPS and the Ubuntu Kernel, I'm finding that five months later and all the updates and fixes I can find my printer remains dead while Ubuntu happily tells me it's printed.

I keep Windows XP on my computer for printing, and have had to use it more and more as the Ubuntu programmes I need don't quite work. I'm finding Windows XP much more stable and reliable.

It depends on whether you want to do a job with your computer or spend your time tinkering with it.


Installing Ubuntu without a disk, using an external hard drive

You can achieve this by creating a "usb live boot" hard disk drive, from which you can boot and start the install process with ease.

The answers provided on these questions may be helpful for you to create the bootable hard disk drive for both Windows and Linux based OS's:

How to create a Windows installation USB in Ubuntu?
How can I create a bootable USB disk from a CD image?
How do you create a bootable USB stick using windows 7

Anyway I suggest you to use the Startup Disk Creator to perform this task in Linux. Unetbootin is also a good choice.

Good luck!


Current protocol for installing Xen with as a Dom0?

What did you actually try? (can you provide details, authorative sources)

Something like: (to start with)

sudo apt-get install xen-hypervisor-4.1-amd64 xen-utils-4.1 xenwatch xen-tools xen-utils-common xenstore-utils

sudo apt-get install virtinst virt-viewer virt-manager


Ubuntu 14.10 blank screen between Grub menu and sign on screen

See my answer here. There are many questions about video problems with 14.10. Problems with graphic card brands ranging from ATI, AMD, Intel, and NVidia.


Firefox Titlebar disapearing randomly - Ubuntu 18.04

Try reinstalling the firefox
first purge
sudo apt purge firefox

then try clearing the cache of file
sudo apt autoremove

then install it again
sudo apt install firefox


How to Open .001 .002 .003 and .r01 .r02 .r03 RAR Files

rar takes care of this by itself. You unrar the file without the extension and it will scan for all the files it needs to recreate the original file.

  Is WinRAR the same as Linux rar?

Winrar is a clone of rar for Windows.

  Additional features? Missing features? Special way of handling files?

man rar

to see all features of rar.

  I'm asking: why are these files named so?

Because we have media that have a limited storage capacity. If you want to save a 10Gb large movie  on a ...

3.5 inch you'd need 720Kb, 1.44Mb or 2.88Mb large files. You need a lot of disks. 7367...
cd rom drive you would need files roughly 700Mb. So 14 files to go on 14 CDs.
a dvd drive you would need files roughly 4.7Gb for a single-layer or 8.5Gb for a dual-layer disk. You'd need 3 or 2 dvds.

Nowadays there is no more need to split files though. And BD drives are pretty common and those started with 25Gb and can go up to roughly 3Tb.

But this all became obsolete due to larger disks and online storage.

  Is this just a "split" file?

Yes.

  Not named .r01, just 001. If that makes a difference. (?)

It is the same. You can make your own extensions. It is also possible to do .aaa through .zzz as an extension to the filename.


I have the same problem, though it seems to come and go, depending on system updates from Canonical.

Interestingly, it was happening earlier to me until I plugged in an external USB mouse to test with.  Now things are working perfectly, even when I remove the external USB mouse.  By the way, my system is a Dell Vostro 2420 laptop with a trackpad.


Having problems with Samba4/BIND9_DLZ : AppArmor permission issue

Figured out that

sudo apparmor_parser --replace /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.named

was necessary to reload the changes I'd made to the apparmor profile


A user on the Ubuntu Forums had the same problem and said these commands from post #16 of this thread solved the issue, it's worth a shot I guess:

sudo dpkg -P mysql-server mysql-server-5.7
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get clean
dpkg -l | grep -i mysql
sudo rm -rvf /var/lib/mysql
sudo apt-get install mysql-server


What is the difference between local and .local in ubuntu?

Note that the .local is used in only one place: inside your home directory. The others are all /usr/local. /usr/local is where programs installed outside of the package manager are supposed to add things, so various folders in it are added to PATH by default.

~/.local is analogous to /usr/local, but for programs installing (or otherwise writing data) to your home directory (for example, pip), so .local/bin is also added to PATH. The directory structure in .local is similar to that of /usr/local, which in turn is like that of /usr.

For more information, see:

Differences between /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin
How to understand the Ubuntu file system layout?


What you are trying to do the way you are doing it is not possible due to first inappropriate directory and file permissions and second the external HDD is out of the scope for the Apache web root directory.

However, you can achieve this by following these steps:

Create a directory on the external HDD, assuming it is mounted under the /media directory, like so:

sudo mkdir /media/web_files

Change the ownership of this directory and all the files under it to be owned by the Apache user www-data like so:

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /media/web_files/

Create a directory under the web root directory ie /var/www/html/ like so:

sudo mkdir /var/www/html/external_files

Bind the /media/web_files/ directory to the /var/www/html/external_files/ directory like so:

sudo mount --bind /media/web_files/ /var/www/html/external_files/

All files on the external HDD under the /media/web_files/ directory will be available for Apache under the /var/www/html/external_files/ directory and you can link to them in your web page that resides in /var/www/html/ like so:

file1

Best of luck


TL;DR

Redirections are read sequentially left-to-right
after redirections are read, file descriptors no longer point to what they were before.

Answer

The core reason why is because 1 no longer refers to stdout when 2>&1 is read, but to hold file, since redirections are processed left to right.

First of all, remember that all commands within Unix environment have standard streams, which are referenced via file descriptors 0 for stdin, 1 for stdout, and 2 for stderr. There are of course rare exceptions, but 99% of times this is the standard file descriptors.

Redirections such as m>n, m>&1 and m<n perform syscall dup2() which makes copies of file descriptors ( aka file handles). In m>n, m is typically a file descriptor, and n can be either a file or another file descriptor. That's exactly what 2>&1 are - integer references to file descriptors corresponding to stdin and stdout.

When cat x y 1> hold 2>&1 occurs, shell first will  open hold file, and reference it via next available file descriptor, typically 3, and then perform copy of that file descriptor via dup2(3,1). dup2() syscall is kinda like cp command, where you have cp old copy. Thus, now file descriptor 1 refers to the same open file description (aka struct file in Linux kernel) independently of the other file descriptor 3.

When 2>&1 is seen, shell performs second dup2(1,2). So now file descriptor 2 is an independent copy of file descriptor 1, but what was it before 2>&1 was seen ? 1 was already pointing to the open file hold. From there shell will perform fork and execve syscall to actually run cat as subprocess, which will inherit open file descriptors.

But as far as commands are concerned, in this case cat, it writes to file descriptors 1 and 2 without being aware they are copies of something else.

You can see all of that in action with strace command:

# ... is several irrelevant lines skipped of bash opening libraries
$ strace -f -edup2,openat,write bash -c 'cat testFile.txt > hold 2>&1'
...
strace: Process 17766 attached
[pid 17766] openat(AT_FDCWD, "hold", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666) = 3
[pid 17766] dup2(3, 1)                  = 1
[pid 17766] dup2(1, 2)                  = 2
[pid 17766] openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[pid 17766] openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[pid 17766] openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[pid 17766] openat(AT_FDCWD, "testFile.txt", O_RDONLY) = 3
[pid 17766] write(1, "potato\n\nNAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE"..., 248) = 248
[pid 17766] +++ exited with 0 +++

Side note:

If the original intention is to let stderr show up on screen, then 2>&1 can be removed from the command. cat x y > hold is sufficient to send stdout to hold file and stderr to screen.

If the intend is to send stderr via stdin to a pipe, we will need to swap file descriptors

$ cat x y 3>&2 2>&1 2>&3 2>hold | grep --color=always file
this is a test file y
$ cat hold
cat: x: No such file or directory

This basically performs a swap like so:

# 3>&2 open new fd 3 , save copy of fd 2 there
dup2(2, 3)                              = 3
# 2>&1 , now turn 2 into copy of 1; 2 is still safe as fd 3
dup2(1, 2)                              = 2
# 2>&3 Now let's make 2 refer to what originally was 1, but now saved in 3
dup2(3, 2)                              = 2
# open file "hold" , which will be next available integer fd
openat(AT_FDCWD, "hold", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666) = 4
# 2>hold
dup2(4, 2)                              = 2


How can I grant permissions to my mounted disk?

While you could change the permissions of all the directories under data with the -R flag (your command chmod a+rw /data just modified the permissions of the /data directory, not its contents):

chmod -R a+rw /data

this is almost never a good idea (i.e. to give everybody access to everything!).

A more appropriate approach would be to change the ownership of the files and directories to you:

chown -R yourusername:yourgroup /data

Well, unless your /dev/sdb1 is a removable (USB?) disk. In that case it might get complicated (and outside the scope of this answer) so probably the chmod -R is the way to go.


If you are using fancontrol, verify that it is actually starting properly.  It is possible for the hwmon paths to change between boots which would cause fancontrol to fail and leave the fans running at full speed.  Take a look at /etc/fancontrol, if it is there and there is content, make sure the paths referenced there are correct.


I use debian ,but i've solved the problem after a long search by installing CUPS 2.3 (the latest version).I've updated all cups packages in synaptic... it was avaiable on the unstable repo in debian , so i don't know about ubuntu .
CUPS 2.3 fixed my Samsung C430W printer!


Connected wireless connection, but no wlan0. What's causing this?

You can always rename your interface name from eth1 to wlan0. Instructions here. But I think the cleaner solution would be to pass the interface name to the conky script (if that is possible). Or possibly to edit the conky script so it checks for eth1 and not wlan0.

I'm also not sure how nm-applet would react to the interface name change.


Installation problem - dual boot with W10 on Win certified laptop

This was a long journey ... an answer in progress … and now finally … here is the answer !

What you want is - more or less – a complete instruction on how to install Ubuntu alongside Windows. Please stay tuned - I will give you all advice necessary to get everything running!

So let's start …

First boot into your Windows installation and disable hibernation and Fast Boot.
Disable hibernation by opening command prompt as administrator and execute:

powercfg /h off

To disable Fast Boot open Control Panel (the old version - not the modern design),
select the Energy Settings, enable show hidden settings and uncheck Fast Boot.

Shut down the machine completely – do NOT reboot!

Boot from Ubuntu installation media and highlight Try Ubuntu without installing.
Press 'e' and add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line, then press F10.

On the live desktop press the Windows key and type GParted into the search field.
Open GParted and reduce the Windows partition if there is no unallocated space.
Create two new partitions and format one with ext4 - the other with linux-swap.

Now start the Ubuntu installer from the desktop and choose Something else.
Select the ext4 partition you have created before and choose / as mount point.
Select the same disk on which Windows is installed to install the bootloader to.

Start the Ubuntu installation process and when everything is completed, restart the computer.
Boot into BIOS and select Ubuntu in UEFI settings to be the default operating system to boot.
Now you are able to select the operating system you want to boot from the GRUB boot menu.

Boot Ubuntu installation and first of all install the most recent stable NVIDIA graphics drivers.

When the login screen appears press keys Ctrl+Alt+F1.

Enter your user name and the password and then execute:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-355 nvidia-prime
sudo reboot

Now you can boot into the desktop of the Ubuntu installation and start to customizing …

Note:

If you want to install Ubuntu to another disk, you can do so even if it is not recommended.
Important – boot loader has to be installed to the same disk where Windows is installed.


Can not Install on a Dell Latitude laptop --

You need to provide more information. I have a couple of suggestions but the only way you can work through this is if you provide more information such as: model number, bios image, etc...

Usually you boot from the BIOS into the Ubuntu CD so you need to change the bios boot options. Based on the fact that you are changing the OS from winXP to Ubuntu means that you don't need to worry about UEFI. Make sure that you put the CDROM boot ahead of your Hard Drive boot and you should be good once you save and exit (usually F10 or some variant).
If you have an administration password for the bios I believe you can remove that by unplugging the power cord and battery for a certain amount of time before it wipes the password clean (Not too sure on this point but Google it). Maybe follow these instructions


Ubuntu 20.04 is only recognizing 64Gb of 128Gb installed RAM

As it turns out, this was a bios limitation.  While the chipset was capable of recognizing the full memory available, the manufacturer (Dell Aurora R9) did not enable the capability.  Frustrating, but that's the outcome.


How can Legacy Boot be enabled on a 2019 ThinkPad?

I had same Problem on my Lenovo t490. I just went under the tab Security and the Virtualization, there was the option Kernel DMA Protection, and I switched it off. Now I'm able to switch legacy mode on.


How can I use Rhythmbox to rip high-quality VBR MP3s

Just so we're talking on the same page, the pipeline used by this encoding target looks like the following on my system:

audio/x-raw-int,rate=44100,channels=2 ! lamemp3enc name=enc target=0 quality=6 ! xingmux ! id3v2mux

You can learn about each of the elements in the pipeline with the gst-inspect-0.10 tool.  For example, to learn about the MP3 encoder used here, you could run:

gst-inspect-0.10 lamemp3enc

Among other things, this will tell you about the various properties supported by the element and their defaults.  This tells me:

encode using variable bit rate (cbr=false from defaults)
the encoder has been set to optimise for quality rather than a target bitrate (target=0)
uses a VBR quality setting of 6 (quality=6)
uses the standard quality of the LAME engine (encoding-engine-quality=standard from defaults)

So you should already be getting VBR output from that pipeline.  If you want higher quality, lower the 'quality=' number (0-10, 0 is the highest quality) and perhaps add encoding-engine-quality=high.


Macbook running Ubuntu 18.04 won't go to sleep

I was searching for a solution, and stumbled on your question, and then this answer: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Mac#Wake_Up_After_Suspend

Works for me. You'll need to use the power button to unsuspend.


Is there any need to install amd graphics drivers if I am running Ubuntu Server?

Same as in the other question, no. In fact, trying to install a proprietary ATI driver will also pull xserver-xorg-core and lots of other things which you don't need on a server. Here is the list of dependencies: http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/fglrx


There is no official PPA.

In theory, you should just need to grab the source packages for Compiz and Unity from Ubuntu 16.04 and build them yourself using dpkg-buildpackage.  You could even upload to your own PPA to do the building for you.

The catch is the newer Unity may require a newer GTK+.  Try it and see.


I don't know about other versions, but 16.04 works with WiFi if you don't update it.

What I did was reinstall Lubuntu 16.04 and not do updates as I installed it.  Then, I did updates, but unchecked updating security updates for networking. After the updates and only networking was left, I opened the list of updates for networking. The top two were for wireless and the bottom was generic or something.  I unchecked the bottom one and left the last one unchecked to do the final update.

When the update finished, I checked for updates and it said there were no more updates to do.  Whatever that bottom box was, it went away and I have had no more problems doing WiFi with my Lubuntu installation.

This is more of a prevention than a repair, but it's how I got it to work after fighting with it for two days.


You have two options,

1) Install Android File Transfer on your Mac for browse and transfer files (up to 4GB) between your Ubuntu Phone and Mac. (Android File Transfer)

2) Install WifiTransfer on your Ubuntu Phone (from Ubuntu Store) for browse and transfer files between your phone and Mac without cable over FTP. (WifiTransfer)

Kind regards


Is it possible to use Back in Time with Ubuntu One without storing the back up files locally?

I don't believe that it's currently possible to configure Back In Time to save the backups anywhere other than a folder on the filesystem (Deja Dup is able to back up to other places, as you know, such as Ubuntu One).

(warning: super techie stuff ahead)

It might be possible to back up to Ubuntu One with Back In Time by mounting your Ubuntu One storage as a folder -- doing this would require someone writing something like a fuse filesystem or mountable server using the Ubuntu One files APIs, which as far as I'm aware no-one's done, and I personally would be very worried about trusting my backups to such a setup -- what happens if your broadband dies halfway through a backup taking place? Without some cooperation from the backup tool itself (B.I.T. in this case) you'd need to be very careful. If the Back In Time development team are interested in making Ubuntu One a backup target then I (as head of U1's app developer programme) am more than happy to chat to them about how they might go about it! Failing that, though, I'd stick with Deja Dup for now to back up to Ubuntu One if I were you :)


Ubuntu Gnome 16.04 LTS on Trekstore SurfTab duo W2 / Cube i7

Try to install firmware-brcm80211 package
Accorging my information, this is Broadcom BCM4356A2 based device that not yet supported in Linux kernel. Bluetooth subsystem not even know these vendor & device ID.

Adding this support is fairly easy. But you need some knowledge and skills of compiling and installing modified kernel source. Find this snippet of code in drivers/bluetooth/btusb.c of Linux kernel and add these strings:

/* Intel Bluetooth USB Bootloader (RAM module) */
{ USB_DEVICE(0x8087, 0x0a5a),
  .driver_info = BTUSB_INTEL_BOOT | BTUSB_BROKEN_ISOC },
/* POST CODE HERE */

/* Emdoor AP6356SD BCM4356A2 (Broadcom BCM4356A2 based device) */
{ USB_DEVICE(0x2b54, 0x5600), .driver_info = BTUSB_BCM_PATCHRAM },

/* END OF CODE */

{ } /* Terminating entry */

And compile and install it.

Also, you require firmware BCM4356A2-2b54-5600.hcd, which can be obtained here - https://github.com/winterheart/broadcom-bt-firmware


Is there a driver for Nvidia Titan Xp GPU for ubuntu?

For 64-bit Linux Nvidia recommends

Version:  384.111
Release Date:     2018.1.4
Operating System:     Linux 64-bit
Language:     English (US)
File Size:    77.25 MB
Supported products
NVIDIA TITAN Series:
NVIDIA TITAN Xp, NVIDIA TITAN X (Pascal), GeForce GTX TITAN X, GeForce
GTX TITAN, GeForce GTX TITAN Black, GeForce GTX TITAN Z

See: http://www.nvidia.com/download/driverResults.aspx/128737/en-us
So you may start with installing nvidia-384 package
from software-properties-gtk (Software & Updates)


System is getting shutdown when battery is low (Ubuntu 18.04)

You can use the dconf-editor for the above. Open up a terminal and run following commands for installing dconf-editor.

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor -y

Once installed you will be able to run it via the shortcut created like follows,

Next navigate to power section as follows,

org -> gnome -> settings-daemon -> plugins -> power

and change the value of critical-battery-action to your preference (sleep, hibernate and etc).


ubuntu wont boot, black screen on start up

So I managed to fix this issue after some research so I figured I would post what I did for anyone else to refer to. I booted back into my Ubuntu usb installer and installed boot repair through the terminal. I found the instructions here help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair and followed the instructions listed. I hope this helps anyone else that ran into this issue.


Rootkit detector: rkhunter auto database update options

A rootkit is the nastiest piece of malware you can have on your system and basically they're  mostly self-hiding toolkits used by blackhats, crackers and scriptkiddies, to avoid the prying eyes of the sysadmin.  So it also takes a lot of skill to detect these and rootkit removal is always done through re-install.

In the README of Rkhunter, it is clearly stated that the software doesn't know everything about your specific machine and that it works by creating a file properties database with rkhunter --propupd after a clean install of your OS...  :P

So the answer to your question is: No, this is not like an anti-virus database at all: it is not medicine you take after you've been compromised, but more like a vaccination before you contract Ebola!  ;-)

So by now (if you've actually read all the links above) you know that this is very good software (the best), but that it takes a lot of work to actually run and maintain and that installing it on a system that is already compromised is useless.  So, unless you want to know all the ins-and-outs of rkhunter, this is server software, not PC software.  (Good to know it exists if you ever need to harden a server, but quite useless to install on a PC that has been running for a while)

If you're still interested by now, get out your Ubuntu LiveCD written on a DVD-R (I personally wouldn't even trust DVD-RWs), re-install your system, install rkhunter, do all updates (so you get a feel of what it will do), install all your software and only then restore your file backup, join the mailing list and start contributing!

>:-)

Tip: If you think of installing highly technical software which you know very little or nothing about, read the README, the FAQ afterwards and the full manual if you're still interested before you even start to install such kind of software.


Sorry for posting an answer I can't comment yet. It sounds like a permissions error, I'd look up setting correct permissions for cifs. I had similar issues not being able to write to my shares when I set up my NAS using a raspberry pi. Try something along the lines of //your/server/ /your/mount/point cifs defaults,uid=username,gid=username,user=user,password=password,rw 0 0 obviously you can replace the username/password bit with you credentials.  Also try sudo mount -t cifs //your/server /mount/point/ -o username=username to test mounting without having to reboot.


I also encountered this issue.
My setup:

Lenovo T430s
Ubuntu 12.04
BIOS Ver. G7ET60WW (2.02)

Whenever I tried to open a VM using either VMware Player/WorkStation as well as Virtual box running on Ubuntu 12.04, the machine would immediately re-boot.

What worked for me:

In the BIOS there is a Security tab and within that there is a Virtualization section. It has two options

Intel Virtualization Technology
Intel VT-d Feature

Both options were disabled on my machine. I enabled both of them. Saved the new BIOS setting and re-started the machine and I was able to boot and create VM's using the above.

Try that and see if it works...


How to install GCC 4.7 on Lubuntu 11.10?

ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test is the wrong PPA unless your aim is to test new, experimental packages that might be vastly unstable. Furthermore, since that PPA is just a sandbox for testing, there's no particular package that's ever necessarily in there. Packages come and go.

At the time of this posting, the only package that PPA provides for Oneiric (11.10) is libatomic-ops.

If you want to install PPA-provided toolchain builds, for any purpose except testing new toolchain-r packages, the "toolchain-r" team provides this repository:

ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/ppa

However, that does not provide gcc-4.7 on Oneiric. It provides it for Quantal, but not Oneiric.

These instructions, which you may have been working from, worked for Precise, may once have worked for Oneiric (though comments suggest otherwise), but that PPA does not currently provide a gcc-4.7 package for 11.10. See this related question.)

Searching for another PPA on Launchpad didn't reveal anything for me. You might be able to install a package intended for another release (or for Debian), but especially with a compiler suite, this runs the risk of not working...or not working entirely, such that you might not discover the problem until much later.
Installing the Upstream Version
Your best bet might be to install an upstream GCC 4.7. You can download and install it from any GCC mirror. For example, you can get GCC 4.7.2 here.
Bootstrapping/building GCC from upstream sources is somewhat time consuming and slightly more involved than building most software from source, but it's not too difficult. Check out the documentation that comes in the source archive. Most problems have solutions and you can search for them. Feel free to post questions here if you have trouble!

This might be helpful (as sroecker suggested here).

debootstrap
Alternatively, you may wish to create a full directory structure for a minimal Ubuntu system of a later version that has GCC 5.7, like 12.10 Quantal. debootstrap facilitates this. Check out this guide for debootstrap in Ubuntu. See also this question (applies to later versions of Ubuntu as well as earlier versions).


Is there a tool to update my PPA sources.list entries after upgrading?

There is a tool called Y-PPA-Manager that lets you do exactly that.

To try Y-PPA-Manager, you need to run the following commands in a terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager

After installing, run the software and click on 'Advanced' button.

After clicking on that button, you would come up with a window similar to the one below. Click on 'Re-enable working PPAs after Ubuntu upgrade'.

You would then be prompted for your password. Enter your password and click OK. After that, you would get a dialog box like this:

Click OK and wait till all the working PPAs are re-enabled. When the entire process is successfully completed, you would be notified.


Unplug external monitor, laptop display not coming on

Try to press Super+P.
That should switch the display mode. Maybe you will need to press it couple of times.


On the remote host, make sure OpenSSH server is installed:

apt-get install openssh

Still on the remote host, make sure service is running:

systemctl enable ssh

Having identified the IP of your remote host, log in using:

ssh username_on_remote_host@remote_host_ip_addr


Pass variable value to script from terminal

you can use script in following manner

#!/bin/bash
clear
for var in "$@"
  do
    shred -n 3 -zvfu "$var"
  done

Or A shorter version

#!/bin/bash
clear
for var
  do
    shred -n 3 -zvfu "$var"
  done

Run your script followed by the file name you want to shred.
You can use multiple file separated by space.


How to completely remove kubuntu-desktop from Ubuntu

I would recommend you to use aptitude to do this operation, this will search the packages that would remove the KDE environment and leave Ubuntu's default:

sudo apt-get install aptitude
aptitude search '?and(?and(?and(?reverse-depends(kubuntu),?not(?reverse-depends(ubuntu-desktop))),?automatic), ?not(?or(?priority(required), ?priority(important))))' ubuntu-desktop+

This will search for any package that kubuntu-desktop depends to, but doesn't depends of ubuntu-desktop. Also, this method is a bit greedy. It will remove Qt packages, ergo mplayer2, VLC and any package that depends on Qt libraries may be deleted. Add those packages with a plus sign (+) at the end, like ubuntu-desktop package in this case. For other flavors:

Xubuntu

aptitude search '?and(?and(?and(?reverse-depends(kubuntu),?not(?reverse-depends(xubuntu-desktop))),?automatic), ?not(?or(?priority(required), ?priority(important))))' xubuntu-desktop+

Lubuntu

aptitude search '?and(?and(?and(?reverse-depends(kubuntu),?not(?reverse-depends(lubuntu-desktop))),?automatic), ?not(?or(?priority(required), ?priority(important))))' lubuntu-desktop+

Gnome

aptitude search '?and(?and(?and(?reverse-depends(kubuntu),?not(?reverse-depends(ubuntu-gnome-desktop))),?automatic), ?not(?or(?priority(required), ?priority(important))))' ubuntu-gnome-desktop+

As you can see, only replace the last packages name with the name of your preferred to leave. If you used kde-core or other metapackages you should replace "kubuntu" with the name of the metapackage.

Making sense of aptitude search

To explain exactly which package are selected, lets explain the search command more deeply:

?and(
    ?and(
        ?and(                          // we're searching for packages that are
            ?reverse-depends(kubuntu), // reverse dependencies of kubuntu
            ?not(?reverse-depends(ubuntu-desktop)) // and not of ubuntu-desktop
            ),     // that fulfills the condition above
        ?automatic // and is automatically installed
        ),
     ?not(                        // and also that are not
         ?or(                     // either required nor important
              ?priority(required),
              ?priority(important)
             )
         )
    )


On 10.04, should I upgrade from Python 2.6.5 to 2.6.6?

if Ubuntu will support to Python 2.6.6 when you run:

apt-get update

and then:

apt-get upgrade

automatically youll see the new version of python to upgrade, meanwhile you can keep the version 2.6.5...

cheers!!


logitech t650 tap to click still not registering?

Try runningxev to see if X is picking up the button presses at all. If it is, it'll just be a matter of binding the key.


Thunderbird not saving passwords on Ubuntu 18.04

What worked for was: delete pkcs11.txt in profile

Taken from this: https://support.mozilla.org/nl/questions/1239779

Good luck!


How do we get traditional Ubuntu windows buttons?

Ubuntu GNOME remix uses the GNOME3 shell. This will override the button layout from the windows manager preferences.

To have all windows buttons on the left side as it is in Ubuntu/Unity we can run:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.overrides button-layout "close,minimize,maximize:"

or any other button layout. Also see this question:

How can I move all the window controls to the right (or left)?

From the GUI we can run dconf-editor, browse to the key org.gnome.shell.overrides to replace the entry :close with our custom key close,minimize,maximize: for the traditional button layout:

Note: as soon as we change the button layout from the GNOME Tweak tool it will be moved back to the right side.


You need create a group (Or add both users to a X group) & add together users to group.
Add permissions to group.


Prevent hidden (for Windows 8.1) FAT32 partitions from being mounted when not even referenced in fstab?

Add an entry to /etc/fstab, and specify the noauto mount option.  Partitions without any entry are auto mounted on demand by the file manager and udisks.  The noauto option prevents it from being automatically mounted at boot time.


Is it possible to create a rule for etc hosts (Rule: 10.0.0.* ip. Usage: ping ip.10)?

No. The format of /etc/hosts is very simple and doesn't allow for complex pattern matching:
This  manual page describes the format of the /etc/hosts file.  This file is a simple text
file that associates IP addresses with hostnames, one line per IP address.  For each  host
a single line should be present with the following information:

      IP_address canonical_hostname [aliases...]

Fields  of  the  entry  are separated by any number of blanks and/or tab characters.  Text
from a "#" character until the end of the line is a comment, and is ignored.   Host  names
may contain only alphanumeric characters, minus signs ("-"), and periods (".").  They must
begin with an alphabetic character and  end  with  an  alphanumeric  character.   Optional
aliases  provide  for  name  changes,  alternate  spellings, shorter hostnames, or generic
hostnames (for example, localhost).

BIND apparently supports something like this, in case you want to try that.


How to know if current shell is from a docker OS or system main OS?

You can examine the mounted filesystems:
# findmnt /
TARGET SOURCE  FSTYPE  OPTIONS
/      overlay overlay rw,relatime,lowerdir=/var/lib/docker/overlay2/l/2BKZYT7DSBOB576UNDXZTPXFKY:...

In this case the root filesystem is from a Docker overlay mount, making it highly likely it's a Docker container.


15.04 Error updating boot sequence update-rc.d

The plex messages are a red herring.

That's just stuff that is also wrong with your system.  See questions such as Problems starting plexmediaserver on Kubuntu 15.04 for starters.

Use the systemd unit.

You don't say what list of instructions you are following in order to install SickRage on Ubuntu, but somewhere in those instructions it told you to run these commands as the superuser:

cp sickrage/init.ubuntu /etc/init.d/sickrage
chmod +x /etc/init.d/sickrage
update-rc.d sickrage defaults

These instructions are wrong for Ubuntu version 15, which as you say uses systemd not upstart.  Fortunately, SickRage comes with a systemd service unit for systemd operating systems, whose installation instructions are

cp sickrage/init.systemd /etc/systemd/system/sickrage.service
systemctl preset sickrage.service

Improve upon the systemd unit that is supplied.

For what it's worth, I recommend editing that unit.

The program's "daemonization" is not a correct implementation of the forking readiness protocol.  And what it does do is superfluous; one is already getting that for free from systemd's service management.  (And upstart's as a matter of fact.)
The "quiet" option gets rid of something that is actually useful under systemd.  It stops log output being sent to standard output.  But systemd will log all of the program's standard output, and make it available in the journal and in the output of commands such as systemctl status sickrage.service
The whole PID file nonsense is entirely superfluous.

Really, this has not been tailored very well to systemd at all.  But then, neither has it been tailored well to much else.  The init.ubuntu supplied with SickRage for upstart-based Ubuntu isn't even an upstart job.  An upstart job has only existed for just over a month.  And the developers have been doing daft things like making the systemd unit file executable.  (They also made the Solaris SMF manifest, an XML data file, executable in that same change, notice.)

Set your unit up like this:

[Unit]
Description=SickBeard daemon

[Service]
# Ubuntu/Debian convention:
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/sickbeard
User=sickbeard
Group=sickbeard
Type=simple
WorkingDirectory=/opt/sickbeard
ExecStart=/usr/bin/python SickBeard.py --nolaunch ${SB_OPTS}

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Bonus daemontools section

For kicks, for the entertainment of any daemontools-family-using people who reach this via a WWW search, and to demonstrate the wide applicability (even to service management systems other than systemd and upstart) of following the aforegiven points on how to run under service managers, I ran that service unit through the nosh toolset's convert-systemd-units command, and hand-added a sh -c to do the shell variable expansion, to produce the following daemontools-family run script:

#!/bin/nosh
#Run file generated from ./sickbeard.service
#SickBeard daemon
chdir /opt/sickbeard
setuidgid sickbeard
read-conf --oknofile /etc/default/sickbeard
sh -c 'exec /usr/bin/python SickBeard.py --nolaunch ${SB_OPTS}'


I had the same experience as the OP with two main differences:
1) Desktop machine with two physical HDDs.
2) Windows XP was installed on the first HDD.

Instead of messing with the boot loader, all I had to do was change the order of the drives listed in the BIOS so that #1 was the HDD with Ubuntu installed, and #2 was the WinXP drive.

After doing so I was presented with the linux version of the boot selector, and could choose Ubuntu or WinXP as I had originally desired.

I'm not sure if this will apply to the original question, but it may be useful for others.


Firefox shows all background color as white starting today on all pages

I had to do a "Firefox refresh", which seems to be a way to import old settings into a new version of Firefox. To do it go:

Menu > Help > Troubleshooting information > Refresh Firefox

I suspect that the break was linked to:

having the color toggle plugin installed https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/firefox/addon/color-toggle/ (which for now is broken in Firefox 37)
having Firefox sync setup between work and home. My work computer had recently upgraded to 37.

If someone understands better, please edit this answer.


MySQL root password settings and sudo mysql VS mysql

The root user needs 'sudo'. Create new user with the following command:

CREATE USER 'newuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database_name.* TO 'newuser'@'localhost';

Now newuser can login without sudo requirement:

mysql -u newuser -p


Laptop ignores GRUB after installing Ubuntu, boots Windows anyway

There is package called boot-repair
A quick intro to boot-repair

  Boot Repair is a graphical tool that can repair GRUB2 with a single
  click. This is the ideal solution to boot problems for most users.

Boot your pc with live Ubuntu OS and then
You can install boot-repair by following command

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair
boot-repair

The Boot Repair window will automatically scan your system after you run the boot-repair command. After it scans your system, click the “Recommended repair” button to repair GRUB2 with a single click.

I have copied from here
This has always worked for me. I hope this will also works for you.


Can someone explain these rules for a specific user and a VPN in iptables?

the rule:
iptables -A OUTPUT -d 192.168.100.0/25 -p tcp --sport 9091 -m owner --gid-owner debian-transmission -o enp3s0 -j ACCEPT

will ACCEPT the packet IF it is to any IP in the range 192.168.100.0 - 192.168.100.127 AND the protocol is tcp AND the source port is 9091 AND the packet owner is debian-transmission AND it is destined for the network interface enp3s0 ELSE go to the next iptables rule.


Migrating bridged eth0 with static IP from /etc/network/interfaces to networkd

The following answer is copied and pasted from a yet to be published update to the Ubuntu Serverguide:

Configure the bridge by editing your netplan configuration found in /etc/netplan/:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  bridges:
    br0:
      dhcp4: yes
      interfaces:
        - enp3s0

Enter the appropriate values for your physical interface and network.
Now apply the configuration to enable the bridge:

sudo netplan apply

The new bridge interface should now be up and running. The brctl provides useful information about the state of the bridge, controls which interfaces are part of the bridge, etc. See man brctl for more information.

There is a static example here.


Fatal error: can't create obj/x86_64/release/bank_checker.cpp.o: Permission denied

Have you been trying to run commands as root or with sudo? If that is the case then note that, in so doing you have created folders you cannot write to. Try to delete the cuda directory and start from scratch.


After searching files, Dash stops searching applications?

You can try resetting unity with below command

unity --reset

In case you are using  14.04 , above command is deprecated and you will need to install unity-tweak-tool by

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

and reset Unity with

unity-tweak-tool --reset-unity

BTW  have you tried synapse ? ,  very good alternative to unity-dash

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:synapse-core/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install synapse

hit Ctrl + Space  , and search anything you want


GParted is simple to use. If you run the Live Ubuntu USB and select Try Ubuntu, it will load up Ubuntu from the USB. Click on the Ubuntu icon in the top left of the screen or hit your Windows key. Type GParted, and click on Gparted Partition Manager to open it. It will automatically scan for drives. In the top right corner of the window you will be able to select the drive you want to manage. They'll be called /dev/sda  /dev/sdb and so on. They should also tell you the size next to them. Select your SSD. Make sure it isn't mounted by right-clicking and clicking Unmount (If it's already unmounted it'll say Mount instead). Then Click the green arrow on top to resize the partition. A new window will open where you can drag the ends to the size you want. Probably about 150GB for Windows and 100GB for Ubuntu, but however you want. Then click on the gray area you just created, and click the White page with the plus symbol to create a new partition. Select the type you want (Probably go for NTFS and then when you install ubuntu it'll format it to the kind it needs, ext4, I believe). You may want to add a label to distinguish them later on. Click ok. Now click the green check mark to perform these actions. Don't interrupt it while it's messing with ther partitions. Once you're done, you can install ubuntu on the new partition you just created!


Can't install Wine-Staging on new 19.04 install

To give you a reputable source to download libfaudio0 from:

https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Emulators:/Wine:/Debian/xUbuntu_19.04/amd64/libfaudio0_19.08-0~disco_amd64.deb

https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Emulators:/Wine:/Debian/xUbuntu_19.04/i386/libfaudio0_19.08-0~disco_i386.deb

Then

sudo dpkg -i libfaudio0_19.08-0~disco_amd64.deb libfaudio0_19.08-0~disco_i386.deb

After that, it worked for me.


It works as expected. postgresql is a service that is meant to start the different PostgreSQL instances, each of these being a distinct service.
Use sudo systemctl status 'postgresql*' to see the status of all PostgreSQL services.
Example:
$ sudo systemctl status 'postgresql*'
* postgresql.service - PostgreSQL RDBMS
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; enabled; vendor prese
   Active: active (exited) since Wed 2020-12-02 15:42:08 CET; 9h ago
 Main PID: 1880 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Tasks: 0 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql.service

Dec 02 15:42:08 cyan systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL RDBMS...
Dec 02 15:42:08 cyan systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL RDBMS.

* postgresql@11-main.service - PostgreSQL Cluster 11-main
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/postgresql@.service; indirect; vendor pre
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2020-12-02 15:42:08 CET; 9h ago
 Main PID: 1166 (postgres)
    Tasks: 7 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/system-postgresql.slice/postgresql@11-main.service
           |-1166 /usr/lib/postgresql/11/bin/postgres -D /var/lib/postgresql/11/
           |-1337 postgres: 11/main: checkpointer
           |-1338 postgres: 11/main: background writer
           |-1339 postgres: 11/main: walwriter
           |-1340 postgres: 11/main: autovacuum launcher
           |-1341 postgres: 11/main: stats collector
           `-1342 postgres: 11/main: logical replication launcher

Dec 02 15:42:05 cyan systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL Cluster 11-main...
Dec 02 15:42:08 cyan systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL Cluster 11-main.


How to solve Syslinux 4.07 EDD Load error Boot error

Try with dd command.

Download ubuntu.iso file:

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop

Plug the usbstick

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

sudo -i
fdisk -l

Suppose that the usbstick is /dev/sdb1, continue running:

umount /dev/sdb1
dd if=/home/user/Downloads/ubuntu.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=1M && sync

Note:

of= drive (/dev/sdb) not partition (/dev/sdb1), all data are erased


Why is usb file transfer so slow in 12.10?

I fear that your problem has no solution. USB slow transfer rates are a phantom in Ubuntu history, that comes and goes away from time to time. It happens because developers in the majority of cases are not able to reproduce this problem and then no solution will be released.

You can see a phenomenon of discussions about USB transfer rates being slow in Ubuntu (and its "cousins"). For example you can see this thread, this discussion and this other thread.

Some say that enabling or disabling Legacy USB Support into the BIOS solves the problem, although it seems as specific rare cases.

There is a bug reported at LaunchPad that presents a workaround for the issue, but as it is somewhat outdated I can't evaluate it's effectiveness nowadays. The workaround is presented by Jean Pierre at Bug #66115 he talks about the workaround in this comment and after in this more detailed comment.

A hot discussion is about the sync mode being enabled when Nautilus mounts a device, although beyond Konqueror (KDE equivalent to Nautilus) I haven't found anyone who got sync option disabled for Nautilus.

Some workarounds of doubtfully effectiveness are discussed in this Super User's Question.

If you got no luck until here I shall tell you that there exists no solution for the problem currently.

There is currently a bug reported in LaunchPad and you can mark it as a problem that affects you. If your hardware differs from the one that is reported from the bug you may add a comment reporting your affected hardware.


You would have to buy Windows 7, insert the disc into your drive and then go into your storage settings for the VM and select the disc.


vm-vare has problems on Ubuntu in some cases. Try virtual-box.
I am using virtual-box on WUBI 11.10 and it works perfectly.


Minecraft black screen AFTER updating lwjgl Ubuntu 13.04

Can you post the error log in the .minecraft folder? That will help identify the problem.  Are you using 32 bit or 64? Did you fallow the directions at http://www.minecraftwiki.net/wiki/Tutorials/Update_LWJGL when updating lwjgl? if you are using a 64 bit computer, the lwjgl64.dll update will cause a black screen crash. This i a known issue.


These are shortcuts on the gnome panel and should be able to be removed.

Right click the bottom panel and select edit panel. Remove the shortcuts from the panel and save/exit.

Not sure why Kohls website would add these. That's a mystery to me.


Ubuntu with Openbox: desktop switching not working

It turns out that it had nothing to do with the system itself. It was a problem caused by VMWare hotkey. By default VMWare uses Ctrl+Alt as hot key, which conflicts with Ctrl+Alt+arrow in Openbox. After changing hot key preference in VMWare, it works perfectly.


Ubuntu 18.04: Screen not turning off or suspending when the lid is closed

You may be able to solve this more simply by going to menu > settings

Then select power

Then automatic suspend and set the values you want.


Why does Ubuntu create a @home directory on home partition?

I'm guessing Ubuntu always wants to use subvolumes, if you use btrfs for the root partition you will automatically get two subvolumes, "@/" and "@home/" (see the Ubuntu wiki btrfs entry for more info on this), and it might set up the "@home/" subvolume just for the sake of consistency.

On a side note: If you look in /etc/fstab you should see the option "subvol=@home" for the /home mountpoint, which means that it mounts the "@home/" subvolume of that btrfs (subvolumes are quite similar to directories in some sense).

Answer to comment:

Yes, you can mount the top node and the subvolume node simultaneously:

mount /dev/sdX# /mnt/top_node -o subvolid=5
mount /dev/sdX# /mnt/home_subvol -o subvol=@home

(If the top node is the default mount point (default case) you can omit the "-o subvolid=5" option)

Here the @home/ subvolume will be accessible both through /mnt/top_node/@home/ and /mnt/home_subvol/ equivalently.

It might be worth it to have the two dirs there alongside @home/ be subvolumes instead, that way you could snapshot and mount them all independently...


Wifi losing connection, weak signal, Intel 7260 adapter

You can try this option. Run in terminal

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi-opt.conf <<< "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1"

and reboot.

If this does not help, some other options can be used.

It looks like this adapter does not work well in 802.11n mode. So disabling it improves connection.

There are some other options, that may be tuned.

power_save=0
bt_coex_active=0
swcrypto=1

You can also try to disable not all 802.11n, but partially. It can be selected by 11n_disable=2, 11n_disable=4 or 11n_disable=8 instead of 11n_disable=1.

You can apply them the same way as with 11n_disable=1. You can use any combination of these options, e.g.

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi-opt.conf <<< "options iwlwifi power_save=0 swcrypto=1"

You can enable all of them and remove one by one to test which one does the trick.

Every new setting overwrites the previous one.

To completely remove the options, remove /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi-opt.conf by running

sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi-opt.conf

Please do not forget to comment on which options worked for you.

Explanation of the options can be found by

 modinfo iwlwifi | grep parm


Check the amount of memory allocated allotted for mc to use; if its running in 32 bit mode it will only show max 2 or 3gb, if 64 bit mode how ever much memory you have - 1gb will be shown (option is only available in the launcher).

If your running a mod pack 4 gb is the max you will need. If its running 32 and you already have 64 then you have to uninstall 32 (there might be a fix,, I just don't know one). It is not sensible to run a 32 bit system with 6gb RAM + graphics.


Could someone help me with THEMES in ubuntu 14.10 ,let's say NUMIX,GNOME........i feel very confused [non-duplicate]

To change themes and configure Unity desktop in general you need to install unity tweak

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

If you use Gnome-Shell instead of unity tweak, use gnoe tweak.

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool


How do I change the "system default" keyboard?

You can change the setting for default system keyboard hardware (e.g. "Generic 105-key keyboard" to "Generic 101-key keyboard") and also the system keyboard layout (e.g. "us-intl" to "us") with the command

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration


In BIOS, reorder the list of boot devices.  Adding the temporary usb disk causes the boot device (sda) to be placed off the active boot disk and I believe the time element required for bios to search the usb drive for suitable boot was in process and I terminated assuming the computer had hung up.  My mistake with the BIOS configuration and I've been doing this stuff for 35+ years....


I would boot into recovery mode an go to the root shell, then do:

Backup old folder:

mv /home/youruser /home/youruser-backup

Create new 'home' folder for youruser

mkdir /home/youruser

Set correct read/write access

chown youruser:youruser /home/youruser

Reboot system

shutdown -r now

That would give you an empty folder for your old default user. You should be able to login and then copy your important files back from youruser-backup to youruser.


Dual booting Ubuntu and Kali vs Ubuntu and Windows

Multibooting a ton of distros is sometimes more cumbersome than Windows/Linux dual booting, because they both expect a /boot partition.  Unless you make more than one, sometimes kernel upgrades will break your grub config.  That said, I have set up multiple boot Linux boxes for linux+linux and linux+windows.  I think I even have a freeBSD+Ubuntu+windows triple boot box laying around somewhere.


Ubuntu 20.04 LTS does not mount NFS when booting PXE

I think it should it be vmlinuz instead of vlinuz in the KERNEL directive, referencing the bundled virtual memory kernel, assuming you are using ubuntu-20.04-live-server-amd64.iso.


Multiple issues; Kernel panic, Random Crashing, Unable to install/ remove programs

Wow, I am pretty sure the problem is not Ubuntu and might be something worse. I had an HP DV6000 (Sold the laptop about a month back) and that puppy was running fine with 12.10.

The problem I encountered with that laptop (Just in case I had the one with the Intel video card) is that, since it was pretty old by now, the same issue you mentioned happened to me but on Ubuntu 11.10, at the end it was not Ubuntu but the cables that connect from the Power button to the Quick buttons and the hard drive.

It is basically a ribbon that connects that, that somehow fails "sometimes" and "sometimes" doesn't. If you happen to hold pressure on top of the left part of the keyboard or nearby or above the touchpad and suddenly it does not work or it does work and does not fail, then it is the ribbon.

This is the quickest one I found: http://www.ebay.com/itm/HP-DV6000-DV9000-KOTL-E220709-AWM-20798-80C-60V-RIBBON-SWITCH-CABLE-POWER-BUTTON-/400313605577?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d348cddc9 (Was looking in Amazon but that place sucks in having a better advanced filter). To change it there are steps to do that and is not hard. Will take you if it is the first time you work on the laptop between 15 to 20 minutes.

I would suggest to actually remove the 2 ribbons it has right now and change both for the new ones.

The battery is another problem since the original one will start failing (At least failing to charge) after 2-3 years. I bought a newer, bigger one before selling it. but when I sold the laptop I included the older one but warned the buyer that it would only last about 10 to 15 "Real" minutes. I say real since Windows or Ubuntu will say an hour.

I am sorry to give you such bad news about this, at least you have the solution which I had to live with for about 5 months until giving up and trying to solve the problem myself (In my country it is tough to find a way to fix this laptop and they were charging me about 200$ for something that actually costs 50$ including labor). For you it will cost less than 10$ since with that you can buy the 2 cables. I even saw one guy selling 4 of them for 10$.

Hope you solve the problem with this since I know how it feels. That laptop is the best one I have had so far.


How can I connect to the internet using usb via gsm modem?

First connect your Nokia Phone to your PC with PC Suite Mode . Then look at the top panel , Rightside . You will find some symbol like network . click there .

you will find a name like creating a new connection at the area of mobile broadband . click it .

then it will ask your Country and operator and the access-point name .give them as it asks and then save it . then again you click same network applet on the panel . it will show connections like in image. click at connection you have created and it will connect:


How to move files older than X to another folder?

The command seems ok and in my 11.10 it works. Haven't you missed the trailing slash in the destination folder?

find /storage/current/dbdumps/ -type f -mtime +30 -exec mv '{}' /storage/archive/dbdumps/ \;

Other thing you may try is using /bin/mv insted of just mv.


Interrupted upgrade, now boot loop, restarts before Grub

You can clear the hibernated session by cleaning the swap partition (if isn't cleaned)

you can know what is your swap partition by running:

lsblk -f | grep swap
├─sda5 swap         81ede0e2-2b07-4986-9a98-cea7a5b22556 [SWAP]

Then, you can clear it:

mkswap /dev/YOUR-SWAP-PARTITION


As solved in the comments via checking your ~/.bashrc file via grep -n 'nls_lang' ~/.bashrc, there's

export NLS_LANG=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/nls_lang.sh`

segment on the line 120.  Simply remove that line or comment out, and the error won't appear again.

The backticks are a form of command-substitution, so this expands $ORACLE_HOME to specific directory, concatenates it with /bin/nls_lang.sh. and executes that script. The output of that script should have been saved to NLS_LANG variable, and exported for use when that software is called from command line. In general, export makes variables available to whatever process shell starts.

As you have uninstalled the software, so the nls_lang.sh is also gone, but your ~/.bashrc file has remained unchanged. Since bash reads ~/.bashrc whenever you open interactive session in terminal, it still tries to execute that non-existing script, and that's why you see the error. What you should do, is go through ~/.bashrc and probably remove the related variables such as $ORACLE_HOME and others.


Screen turns black when trying to install with a intel hd graphics 3000

you have 2 others main choices:

http://releases.ubuntu.com/11.10/ to download the "alternate" version for your architecture
the use of a minimal version of Ubuntu and later on install all packages you need https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD

this are the easiest and quick and dirty solutions for an installation of Ubuntu, there is also a third way via PXE but is more tricky compared to this 2 https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/Netboot


You could look this link here, as there are already several good hints for what you search :

Has anyone successfully installed CUDA 7.5 on Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS x86_64?