Accidentally used NTFS fix on exFAT external USB HDD, now it's corrupted in Windows

You got a different problem then you believe.

ntfsfix is a utility that fixes some common NTFS problems. ntfsfix is NOT a Linux version of chkdsk. It only repairs some fundamental NTFS inconsistencies, resets the NTFS journal file and schedules an NTFS consistency check for the first boot into Windows.
You may run ntfsfix on an NTFS volume if you think it was damaged by Windows or some other  way and it cannot be mounted.

As far as normal usage of ntfsfix goes the most important part of the things it does is that it tells Windows to start a scan of the filesystem on the next boot (that will be independent of the filesystem since this is more like setting a boot option). So if the hard disk has a problem that scan will fail and crash Windows. Maybe that is what you are seeing.
For exFat there is a scanning tool called exfatfsck.

exfatfsck checks an exFAT file system for errors. Note that it cannot repair corrupted FS, it just reports found errors.

But that does nothing other than report problems. It has no options to fix anything.
If your hard disk has problems and it is not formatted NTFS then running ntfsfix is not the cause. Neither of the 2 tools can, from within Linux, destroy your Windows partition.
Please don't try to fix Windows from outside Windows. Use your Windows installation media to run chkdsk. That tool is intended to repair Windows filesystems.


If you want to install latest Zoom version, you should prefer installing Zoom using Snap. Latest version listed are:

latest/stable 5.0.413237.0524
latest/edge   5.0.418682.0603

To do so, you need to remove the Zoom installed on your system.

sudo dpkg -r zoom_amd64

Then install Zoom using Snap.

sudo snap install zoom-client

That will install latest Zoom from stable channel.

If you prefer to install latest Zoom from edge channel, add --channel=latest/edge.

sudo snap install zoom-client --channel=latest/edge

Visit https://snapcraft.io/install/zoom-client/ubuntu#install for more information about the zoom-client package on Snap website.


I recently configured my desktop to look like osx Yosemite, so have a look below and see if this configuration is any good for you:

Wallpaper - Upcoming default wallpaper for OS X Yosemite
Openbox theme (window theme; lxde is based on openbox) - Numix-Dark theme for Openbox
GTK theme - +Moka light
Dock - Cairo Dock
Dock theme - slightly modified version of Elementary theme
Icons - Numix-Circle
Cursor - DMZ Black
Fonts - Nimbus Sans L
Compositor - xcompmgr

Original post is: https://plus.google.com/114508537140833102142/posts/9uDNg3xtUuN


Ubuntu on Nexus 7 32gb, says only 6gb disk space

There is already a bug filed. For raring, only "8g" images are being made, which produces a 6g rootfs.  One of the issues with flashing a larger image is that when you flash the Nexus7, it first copies the image to memory and then writes it out. This limits the image size. Android does offer a "sparse copy" which will split the .img files up during the copy operation. However, when we tested this prior to UDS, installs had a 30% failure rate. On promising route might be to resize the image after it copies, when it unpack


The command line option -p means that the file is processed line by line, i.e. what you do is basically:
while (<>) {
     s/text2\n\z/text3/s;
     print $_
}

Therefore the \z does not match the end of all input data but the end of each line.
What you likely need is not to use -p but instead read the full file and replace only the end. Note that the regex can be simplified by just using $ and /s and \z are not needed:
perl -e 'local $/; (my $x = <>) =~s{text2$}{text3}; print $x' text.txt


GeForce GTX 1050 works with NVIDIA 390 but not with anything later

When installing graphics drivers, I too find that I do not know which driver to install. I find that the safest way to install NVidia drivers is by, in fact, installing CUDA instead. When you install CUDA, it brings with it a compatible graphics driver.

If you select CUDA 10.1, for example, it will bring proprietary graphics driver version 4.18 with it.

I also surmise, given my experience, that components like cooling fans and temperature sensors do NOT load properly without CUDA installed. (you may have experienced differently, however) Basically, I do not trust any other graphics driver that does NOT come with CUDA.

My suggestion, if you are trying to install the most recent driver safely, would be to install the most recent version of CUDA, which, at the time of writing this, is version 10.2.

There are several ways to install CUDA, but I will narrow down the choices so that the decision making is easier.

Local Deb file installation
Local Run file installation

The first option is the best option for people that decide they don't want to configure anything and just want their machine to work. You will not know where anything is installed since deb installations follow the OSs decisions.

The second option is best when you want to configure where libraries are installed and other extra options, which, in this context, are irrelevant. This installation allows you to choose what features to keep. In fact, you could install CUDA without a driver, but that assumes you have your environment setup exactly how it is required by NVidia.

I suggest you take the first option so that you don't brick your computer.

I am assuming that you are running Ubuntu 1804 in this case.

What you will want to do is go to this link and then select Linux, x86_64, and then Ubuntu and then 1804. You will then select deb (local). A list of commands will be listed for you. I have copied and pasted them here:

wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/cuda-ubuntu1804.pin
sudo mv cuda-ubuntu1804.pin /etc/apt/preferences.d/cuda-repository-pin-600
wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/10.2/Prod/local_installers/cuda-repo-ubuntu1804-10-2-local-10.2.89-440.33.01_1.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu1804-10-2-local-10.2.89-440.33.01_1.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-key add /var/cuda-repo-10-2-local-10.2.89-440.33.01/7fa2af80.pub
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install cuda

Here is how to start your BROKEN Ubuntu machine:

Press the power button.
Find the correct OS option in Grub2
Go down 1 option for Advanced Options
Select the first option, from the top, that says Recovery Mode. You will be taken to a weird pink background window.
Select fsck to mount the OS drive.
Select Enable Networking (this may not work, it did not for me, but usually does work)
Then select Drop to root recovery prompt

If you cannot use a local Ubuntu machine WITH INTERNET, simply download the required files by pasting the links into a Windows machine's browser and download them.

You can then put those 2 files onto a flash drive and connect it to your broken Ubuntu machine.

Now you have a root terminal you can do stuff with.
I then mounted the thumb drive through CLI following this link.

https://vitux.com/how-to-manually-mount-unmount-a-usb-device-on-ubuntu/

You can then move the 2 files over to the local computer and run them.

BTW, I know there is a sudo apt update command there, but apt should still detect new sources added.

After following those instructions, you should reboot your machine and then try to log in normally.

If you do have internet, you can simply run the commands after enabling networking.

If the deb-file install does not work, you can simply download the run file version and install in root recovery prompt following the same methods.

You should have a working graphics driver AS WELL AS CUDA after going through all of these steps. Slight modifications were added in case you don't have internet, but hopefully that is not the case. I happened to not have internet last I installed CUDA, so yeah, try that.

ONE MORE THING:

Sometimes, if you are in the broken login screen (after you typed the password and hit ENTER), there is actually a sneak you can do.

Reboot your machine but DO NOT log in. You may also want to check if you have internet. Now, instead of normally logging in, press Ctrl+Alt+F3 to go to a virtual serial port. You should then be able to log in through the terminal.
You should be able to have access to the internet.
At this point, you can simply run the original commands as before without changes.

Does this help you?


As heemayl's answer points out, your construction is a bashism. The standard way of doing what you want would be:

for i in 1 2 3 4 5
do
  echo "Random number $i: $RANDOM"
done

Or, more easily expandably:

for i in $(seq 1 5)
do
  echo "Random number $i: $RANDOM"
done

(See man seq for more detail).


how to make my input only from the external mic instead of both built-in mic and the external

I had the same problem, and found that Unity is a bit tricky, because were not used to see the drop down menu at the bottom of the hardware tab.

Anyway, step 1: Click the speaker icon. Select sound settings. Select "sound".

Plan A: Select tab "hardware" select the internal microphone. In the drop down menu underneath it, select "off".

Plan B: Select tab "hardware" select the internal microphone. Select tab input and mark the microphone as "mute".


How to install cmake 3.14 on ubuntu 18.04

There is two options. First one: Just compile it from the source.

Install packages:

  apt install build-essential git

Get the source code:

git clone https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/; cd CMake

Compile and install:

./bootstrap && make && sudo make install

Now you have cmake installed in your system (system wide) as a local version. You're done!

The other option is to use conda (of miniconda/anaconda), which is essential in managing Python library versions as separate enviroments. Assuming you have conda installed:

Create a new conda enviroment "CMake" and install cmake to it:

conda create -n CMake cmake

Activate this environment:

source activate CMake

Now you have cmake installed in an conda enviroment stored within your home directory, available after executing 2. from above. You're done! This second option does not require root/sudo privileges.


18.04 libhdf5-100 gets installed, I dont know why

https://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/slurm-client
shows it as a requirement.
Why did you use -y if you didn't expect the results?


configuration error: unsupported blob/xml element(line 78)

This Bug is around since ages in Ubuntu - See here:
 this bug on Launchpad here

The key to success is to strip out your inline certificates/keys into separate files, import the ovpn file and set the certificates manually.


How to create .desktop files and new menu without alacarte?

ok finally i have find one solution, and one website is very useful to understand this: http://www.frankrock74.it/frankrock74/?p=1738
i do something like this:
open alacarte and made my personal menu "Script" as an empty menu.I can put this in any menu but i choose Application.
Now i create my personal .desktop file as is for example.:

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Exec= /home/$USER/myscript/script.sh
Name=script1
Icon=/home/$USER/image/icon.png
Categories=Script

Now is important to made one modification inside a file:
Terminal: gedit ~/.config/menus/applications.menu
in this file is possible to view the desktop directories created with alacarte,
example:

<Name>alacarte-made-1</Name>

<Directory>alacarte-made-1.directory</Directory>

this second voice is the menù i have created "Script"
to make the launchers functionally inside this desktop.directory
is necessary to add this line after the upper voice.
A directive to the menu to include our category
As is:

    <Include>
  <And>
    <Category>Script</Category>
  </And>
</Include>

in finally we have somthing like this:

        <Name>alacarte-made-1</Name>
    <Directory>alacarte-made-1.directory</Directory>
<Include>
  <And>
    <Category>Music</Category>
  </And>
</Include>

NOw saved and finally any my.desktop files i put inside the folder:
~/.local/share/applications/
is recognized in my personal menù and works well.
Is a good choice to read this web site to understanding desktop directories:
http://library.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/menustructure-desktopentry.html.en
hoping my english is comprensible.
regards


Ubuntu 13.04 dual boot with Windows 8 - Ubuntu only boots in legacy mode

Your Boot Info Script output is a bit puzzling: It shows a GUID Partition Table (GPT) disk, which means that Windows will boot only in EFI mode. There's also evidence of an EFI-mode Windows boot loader. So far so good. It gets puzzling in that there's no evidence of GRUB on the hard disk, either in EFI mode or in BIOS mode; but there is evidence of a BIOS-mode Windows boot loader. My suspicion is that the Boot Info Script has simply mis-identified the BIOS-mode GRUB as the Windows boot loader. Certainly that's the simplest explanation that also explains why you can boot both Windows and Linux; however, it could be that something else is going on.

If I'm right and you've got a BIOS-mode GRUB, then you'll never get it to chainload to your EFI-mode Windows; that's just not possible. You could, though, use my rEFInd boot manager to switch between EFI-mode Windows and BIOS-mode Linux. You'd need to:

Install rEFInd in Windows, as described in the documentation.
Edit the refind.conf file: Uncomment the scanfor line and ensure that hdbios is among the options.

The result should be that rEFInd will enable you to boot to Windows or to GRUB, and GRUB will then boot Linux. You could also try an EFI-mode boot of Linux by installing an EFI filesystem driver for your Linux filesystem (probably ext4fs). Given what you've reported, this might not work now, but it might work in the future, once drivers and default configurations mature for better EFI support.

Keep in mind, though, that I'm very uncertain about any of this; it could be that you're actually booting Linux in EFI mode. If so, a tweak to GRUB's configuration might work, or installing rEFInd and its ext4fs driver would also work.


As @Rahul said in the comments, you are probably trying to install .exe file. You have two options to run C++ in Ubuntu.

If you want Turbo C++ in particular which is meant for Windows OS, then follow @Pankaj Gautham's answer.

Or

Install Ubuntu related C++ compiler, g++.

To install g++ type in terminal, sudo apt-get install g++. This will install the latest g++ package.
Then write any C++ program in gedit or in any of your favorite text editor, and save as "filename.cpp".
For compiling and running C++ program, follow this link.

For your reference. Compiling:

g++ progcpp.cpp -o progcpp

Running:

./progcpp


We'll send you the prizes very soon, with a tracking code so that you can track when they get to you.

I apologize for the delay, which I've been responsible for, but I'll make sure they get to you asap.


Wireless keyboard not working with Ubuntu 18.04 Live USB

Extensive history to this problem

You are not alone. Someone in Ubuntu forums has reported:

  Re: Lenovo Essential Wireless Keyboard and Mouse Combo doesn't work

  I just reported this bug:
  https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1771431

  The bug is still present in the latest Ubuntu version (18.04 bionic beaver) with stable kernel.

  It's also reported by people from Linux Mint, Fedora and others.

  https://forums.lenovo.com/t5/Linux-Discussion/Professional-Wireless-Keyboard-not-working-on-Linux/td-p/3726486
  https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2378862
  Lenovo Professional Wireless Keyboard and Mouse Combo not working in ubuntu
  https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=49&t=260093&sid=20a073d5dd8abb1b7f23be608d7fdfd7
  https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/377830/linux-hid-driver-for-primax-wireless-keyboards/

Possible workarounds

Although the bug has been confirmed by the Ubuntu Team, no one has been assigned to fixing it yet. In the meantime there are two workarounds:

https://github.com/y-trudeau/linux_lenovo_ultraslim_plus
https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/402288/200094

Original forum post content is above, with links edited in and autocompleted where the SE system automatically resolves Ask Ubuntu question links; the bullet points were added for readability.


Ubuntu FTP script to take backup and upload in my FTP server

Please avoid storing and transmitting credentials/passwords in plain text.

Instead setup SSH with public key only authorization and use scp or rsync for file transfer. Also let the postgres user himself do the backup via a cronjob (which is the answer to your last question from there), see Ubuntuusers.de Wiki on cron.

Example for a postgres crontab:

# Shell variable for cron
SHELL=/bin/bash

# PATH variable for cron
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

# Backup some database from sunday to friday, compress with xz, hash with md5, delete obsolete backups after 40 days
0 3 * * SUN-FRI dump="some-database-$(date +\%Y\%m\%d-\%H\%M)-daily.sql"; cd /var/backups/postgres; pg_dump -Fc -Z0 some-database | xz -6 > ${dump}.xz; md5deep -kl ${dump}.xz > ${dump}.xz.md5; find -name "some-database*daily.sql.xz*" -mtime +40 -delete

Backing up files with tar as your Openbravo ERP or www-data user should be as easy as the above.

Edit: I recommend trying zstd instead of xz as a compressor, it has about 20 levels and is almost as good as the highest xz level on its highest level and still significantly faster.


The output provided by you shows that the drivers of the dvd writer are installed and kernel is recognizing the hardware. In ubuntu 12.10, it won't show you the drive if there is no media in it. When you insert any dvd or cd in it, it will automatically mount it in the /media and show you the content. You can check also check where it is mounted by following command:

mount


Linux File Manager: Restore previous open session (folders and tab)

You could try spacefm which always opens with the last session, support bookmarks and up to four panes. spacefm is available from the universe repository for GTK2 and GTK3 and can be installed with

sudo apt install spacefm

(GTK2-version)

or

sudo apt install spacefm-gtk3

(GTK3-version)


How to move files from directory /foo (1) to directory /foo

Like this using this bash script:

#!/bin/bash

for dir in *'(1)'*; do
    mv "$dir"/* "${dir% (1)}"
    rmdir "$dir"
done

Put this in a file, said script.sh, then in a terminal:

chmod +x script.sh
./script.sh


When using UNetbootin to install Ubuntu (and only Ubuntu), you first have to specify an an amount of disk space to preserve files across reboots. There's an entry for this on the dialog box.


Ubuntu Touch on Nexus 7. Is it legal to install on that device?

Rooting a Android device and installing a Custom ROM or another OS device isn't illegal. You will lost your warranty, that's all.


The above mentioned commands by @Smoke didn't worked, but they just started installing the google chrome again.
The real solution to this problem was mentioned in this question's answer... Chrome won't start from the launcher


If you can find your application in the dash, just click and drag the icon onto your desktop

Or if you want to do it manually,

Look at this post


As far as your router is concerned.  Ethernet and Wifi is such a clearly defined that any will work.

Brother printers in general work well with Ubuntu but most don't just work out of the box and you will need to install suitable drivers for it.

A quick search of the Brother web site shows that this particular printer is supported and you can find the download here

The best way to test if your computer is compatible is to try it without installing from a USB stick or DVD.  If all seems OK install.  If not you can ask specific questions with any problems you have before committing to install.


Project ERROR: Unknown module(s) in QT: positioning

You can install the development files for QT5 positioning module using this command:

sudo apt install qtpositioning5-dev

Also make sure your system defaults to QT5 instead of QT4:

sudo apt install qt5-default


Multiple user with multiple php versions ubuntu

This can be done in the .profile file that exist in each account's home folder. Add this to the bottom of the file:
alias php='/usr/bin/php7.4'

Be sure to replace php7.4 with the appropriate version for that account. Once done, you can reload the profile:
. ~/.profile

Note: The space between the . and the ~ is important.
Keep in mind that this will set the default php-cli version just for that account and not the main Apache user.


Transfer of photos from UbuntuOne to my computer

If you enable/sign into Ubuntu One and let it sync then your files should be available locally.
Then you can move them to where ever you wish.


microphone not working on laptop E 31-80

Solved following this instrucions: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshooting#Line_Input.2FMicrophone_Troubleshooting


How do I get entries in a quick list to open in their own window?

Actually this is a bug but these days it has been fixed, try to update your sistem. Then click on a web app in Chrome and choose Open in a window.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity/+bug/692462


Do I have to reinstall all my programs when install Ubuntu as a secondary os on my pc?

You should first consider that your programs probably aren't going to be the same as the ones you installed in Windows. As between most different operating systems, there is little native compatibility so if you're currently using something that doesn't have a Linux or Ubuntu version (more and more applications do these days), you'll have to look for an alternative.

But assuming we're talking about an application which is available for both Linux and Windows, the short answer is yes, you'll need to install a separate copy.


Permission denied despite being in group that owns the directory

I would try setting the directories to 0775 and see if that solves the problem, it might be that the setuid bit is the problem.  These permissions work for me.


"Print" background colors in PDF using Chrome

Firstly, I'm not sure it has any relation to Ubuntu... :)

Secondly, there may not be a good generic way to save a website page to PDF while keeping the background - think of pagination, page numbering, titles etc. Think of white text on dark background. In many cases the results won't look good - that's why browsers fall back to white background. Also, many sites use separate stylesheets for printing, which additionally remove elements which are not needed on paper - navigation, menus etc.

What you need is a way to make a screenshot of the whole page - this will preserve all detais of the page how you see it. There are plugins for Firefox to do this - I suppose there may be something for Chrome too.

The Firefox plugin I used is called Screengrab


Ctrl+shift+v not pasting in any terminal after swithcing to ubuntu-desktop on kubuntu 17.10

Under the menu Edit/Preferences and then the shortcuts tab, under Edit, does it still have "Paste" listed with Shift+Ctrl+V ?


Delete files and folders with specific name from a certain directory

You can delete the files and folders in the subdirectories of folderA.

To remove the files, run:

find /home/userA/folderA/* -type f \( -name "data.txt" -or -name "glass.txt" \) -delete

and to remove the folders match:

find /home/userA/folderA/* -depth -name "match" -type d -exec rm -rf "{}" \;


I have a very small SSD (40Gb) and want to use it just for main system and boot

but I want the software installed via software Center to be installed in the HDD.

Why? if you think 40Gb is not much: Ubuntu hardly comes above 15, 20GB. But then you should re-evaluate that method and remove software you don't use.

I have a mysql database and apache webserver running on a root with 15Gb. Never have issues with it.

40 Gb is already overkill for the root partition.

  To my knowledge, it would be just a matter of creating appropriately sized /usr and /home partitions in the HDD and use the SSD for / and swap, right?

Yes.

Mind that /var/ is used by some software to store data. MySQL for instance.
But the usage of partitions more than /, /home and a personal data partition is old and no longer optimal.

A / of 15Gb is enough to keep Ubuntu up and running up to the next release.

I would suggest though to keep everything on the ssd except for your personal data and there is a configuration for that (see ~./config/users-dirs.dirs). Keep your system and private separate and it will be ...

easier to make backups.
easier to replace the ssd.
easier to put your personal data disk into another system.
easier to re-install to a new version (you just add the disk with personal data during installation). Both / and /home will be empty of personal data (I don't even bother upgrading; a reinstall takes me 15 minutes).
the best way to get the most out of the speed of the ssd.

In my opinion this would suffice:

ssd: /home of 10Gb; after install remove the normal directories in /home/$USER/ and edit ~./config/users-dirs.dirs to point them to the hdd.
ssd: / with the remainder of the ssd (ie. 40-10=30).
hdd: /personal; the complete partition of the hdd you want to use.


This happens because the program that reads the user input can't handle special characters. The terminal is in raw mode. If the program is a script you can use read -e to use the Bash readline function that can handle special characters.


Ubuntu 14.04 - changing Intel graphics driver configurations?

Create a new file in /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d called any-name.conf. Put options in there. They get merged into the auto-generated xorg.conf when X starts.

Here's something from my machine:

% cat /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf
Section "Device"
  Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
  Driver      "intel"
  Option      "AccelMethod"  "sna"
  Option      "TearFree"    "true"
EndSection

Make sense?


A user is never asked for its password other then on the loginscreen or the lockscreen.
A user with the correct privileges also gets asked for its credentials when root privileges are required for a certain job. (like update or sudo for a custom command).

Credentials are shared in some circumstances to a proxyserver, mailserver or another 'service'. Be sure they allow for a disabled or empty password.

It might be advisable to disable certain things with users like this:
example:  No "Remember password" in web-browsers; this could be retrieved by anyone with the necessary skillset.


How to count number of partial occurrences of a string in a file

Given

$ cat file
Good-Black-Cat
Bad-Red-Cat
Bad-Gray-Dog
Good-Golden-Dog
Bad-White-Dog
Good-Tabby-Cat
Bad-Siamese-Cat

then

$ grep -c 'Good-.*-Cat' file
2

Note that this is a count of matching lines - so for example it won't work for multiple occurrences per line, or for occurrences that span lines.

Alternatively, with awk

awk '/Good-.*-Cat/ {n++} END {print n}' file

If you need to match multiple possible occurrences per line, then I'd suggest perl:

perl -lne '$c += () = /Good-.*?-Cat/g }{ print $c' file

where /Good-.*?-Cat/g matches multiple times (g) and non-greedily* (.*?) and the () = assignment forces the matches to be evaluated in a scalar context so we can add them to the count.

Alternatively, you could use grep in perl-comparible regular expression (PCRE) mode (so as to enable the non-greedy modifier), with -o to output only the matching portions - then count those with wc:

grep -Po 'Good-.*?-Cat' file | wc -l

If you also need to match occurrences that may span a line boundary, then you can do so in perl by unsetting the record separator (note: this means that that the whole file is slurped into memory) and adding the s regex modifier e.g.

perl -0777 -nE '$c += () = /Good-.*?-Cat/gs }{ say $c' file


After upgrading to 12.04 the scanner from Brother Printer MFC-290C does not work

Unfortunately none of the solutions above worked for my Brother DCP-7045N, but just the normal standard installation:

Download packages from http://solutions.brother.com/

Install doing
    sudo dpkg -i --force-all brscan3-0.2.5-2.i386.deb
    sudo dpkg -i --force-all brscan-skey-0.2.1-1.i386.deb

Check with dpkg -l | grep Brother

brsaneconfig3 -a name=SCANNER model=DCP-7045N ip=192.168.1.101

Check with brsaneconfig3 -q | grep DCP-7045N

I hope it does it for you too!


You may know a few of these details, but I'm hoping to provide a list that will help you get through this.

.bashrc is found in a user's home directory.

/home/usera/.bashrc
/root/.bashrc

$PATH should be export'd for persistence and sub-shells.
You will likely only ADD to $PATH, and be careful not to reset it completely.

BAD export PATH="/less/important/path:/lesser/important/path"
GOOD export PATH="${PATH}:/less/important/path:/lesser/important/path"

The system will use the first found match, starting with directories on the left or beginning of the $PATH list.

If you find yourself with a really messed up configuration file, take a look at /etc/skel, and either copy that over, or use it as a reference for this and other configuration files provided to new users.


How reliable is the battery data in ubuntu the power statistics?

For x86 laptops, the battery information you see in /sys/class/power_supply/*/uevent is as accurate as the data provided from the battery.  Typically this smart battery data comes over something like an i2c bus via an embedded controller and firmware allows one to gather the dynamically changing information via the ACPI battery status _BST control and the hard-set static battery information via _BIX or _BIF controls.   Since these are the standard ACPI interfaces and are accessible to userspace via the /sys/class/power_supply/*/uevent data I suspect the data you see here is exactly what Windows will be seeing too.

The only thing which will be different is the way the data is presented to you in higher level applications and widgets. Who knows what kinds of data averaging tricks will be done on the data in these applications.  In my opinion, if you want to see what the battery is actually reporting, look at the /sys interface.


How to override system keyboard shortcuts?

Check this out:

  Click the Dash Home icon (or tap Super), type keyboard and press
  Enter.

  Under the "Shortcuts" tab, select "Launchers" on the left panel

  Click "Launch Terminal", and it shows "New accelerator..."

  Tap Super+R, and it shows Super+R

  Click the Close button and try the new shortcut. (Note: In this
  article, I use Ctrl-Alt-T as a default shortcut to Terminal.)

http://www.techsupportalert.com/content/tips-and-tricks-ubuntu-after-installation-ubuntu-1204.htm#Add-Change-Keyboard-Shortcuts


What are the best default locations for specific file types?

The handling of configuration files is described in the XDG Base Directory Specification.

It defines a set of related path environment variables like XDG_CONFIG_HOME and XDG_CONFIG_DIRS, which define, for example, where the .config directory is by default, and how to handle it in various other controlled ways .

Very common is obviously the form ~/.config/product_name, and when it's about only one product of the company, ~/.config/company_name would not really be different.
But assuming there are multiple products - I think that the structure
~/.config/company_name/product1, ~/.config/company_name/product2...
makes much sense;

I do not know whether it's described in these or related standards. But it can be that the XDG standard would see that as a normal product directory, only that it sees the whole set of software of the company as one product for that purpose.

The general standard use of the fielsystem hierarchy is described in the Linux Filesystem Hierarchy.

As a place for the application itself, take a look at the /opt directory; You would install the application in either /opt/company_name/product1 etc or /opt/product1 etc, both is correct according to the standard.

You found out yourself that the /srv directory could be a good option.
I agree it is the right solution - so I describe here to have it in an answer:

The directory /srv is similar to /opt - the standard does not say much about the subdirectory structure, you can use the same separation as above.
While /opt is explicitly intended for readonly application code, like executables, static data files and documentation, /srv does not restrict much about the variability of the data; It even allows mixing files with different access permissions and variability.
For example, it would be acceptable to deploy files there that can be changed in place by users of the system.

From Linux Filesystem Hierarchy: 1.19:

  This main purpose of specifying this is so that users may find
  the location of the data files for particular service, and so that
  services which require a single tree for readonly data, writable data
  and scripts (such as cgi scripts) can be reasonably placed. Data that
  is only of interest to a specific user should go in that users'
  home directory.

  The methodology used to name subdirectories of /srv is unspecified as there
  is currently no consensus on how this should be done.

To manage the access permissions to the data that needs to be writable to all users of the software, you should use permissions assigned to a group, that contains all the users.
That is true even when "all users of that computer" would be in this group - there are many system users that should not be able to write the data; An attacker may get access to one of the system user accounts.


Mouse turns off after a few seconds (Ubuntu 13.10, Windows 8.1)

Your code should be,

for i in /sys/bus/usb/devices/*/power/level; do sudo echo on > $i; done

OR

for i in /sys/bus/usb/devices/*/power/level; do sudo sh -c "echo on > $i"; done


Use -execdir instead of -exec;

find . -type f -name "*.7z" -execdir 7za x {} \; -exec rm -- {} \;

-execdir runs in the directory containing the file. From man find:

-execdir command {} +
      Like   -exec,   but  the  specified  command  is  run  from  the
      subdirectory containing the matched file, which is not  normally
      the  directory  in  which  you  started  find.

Other comments:

Use -quit in the while check's find, so that find doesn't continue searching after a match was found (see https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/13880/70524):

while [ -n "$(find . -type f -name '*.7z' -print -quit)" ]
do
    find . -type f -name "*.7z" -execdir 7za x {} \; -exec rm -- {} \;
done


I am trying to install Ubuntu on my phone and ubuntu-device-flash cannot seem to find this url

Ubuntu Touch is no longer maintained or hosted by Canonical. You need to follow the instructions on https://devices.ubuntu-touch.io to install for your device.

If your device is supported, you can still use ubuntu-device-flash but you must pass the server argument as well as correct channel:

ubuntu-device-flash --server https://system-image.ubports.com touch --channel ubports-touch/16.04/stable

The old servers and channels will not work any more.


How to install Google Chrome on Ubuntu 14.04?

Go to https://www.google.com/intl/en-US/chrome/browser/

Click Download and a small window will pop up with some download options.

Select anyone option from first and second depending on your system.

Open the downloaded file. It will land you to Ubuntu Software Center

Click on Install.


It goes directly to GRUB because probably it's the first choice on the BIOS boot settings.

Go to your BIOS settings, then boot options. From there, you can move Windows boot to top of the list. After changing the boot order, save and reboot. It should boot directly to Windows now.

(I'd like to give you the exact key combinations and/or screenshots but I don't know your computer model.)

After booting into Windows, you can use this answers to this question to totally remove grub from your computer: How to remove Ubuntu and put Windows back on?.


i am running windows 8 on oracle virtual box and unable to share between ubuntu and windows

Assuming you have not installed the 'Virtualbox Guest Additions' (you do not mention if you have done so in your question) you simply need to install them reboot the virtual machine and then sharing folders should work.

  4.2.1.1. Installation

  In the "Devices" menu in the virtual machine's menu bar, VirtualBox has a handy menu item named "Insert Guest Additions CD image", which mounts the Guest Additions ISO file inside your virtual machine. A Windows guest should then automatically start the Guest Additions installer, which installs the Guest Additions into your Windows guest. Other guest operating systems (or if automatic start of software on CD is disabled) need manual start of the installer.
  Note

  For the basic Direct3D acceleration to work in a Windows Guest, you have to install the Guest Additions in "Safe Mode". This does not apply to the experimental WDDM Direct3D video driver available for Vista and Windows 7 guests, see Chapter 14, Known limitations for details.[19]

  If you prefer to mount the additions manually, you can perform the following steps:

  Start the virtual machine in which you have installed Windows.

  Select "Mount CD/DVD-ROM" from the "Devices" menu in the virtual machine's menu bar and then "CD/DVD-ROM image". This brings up the Virtual Media Manager described in Section 5.3, “The Virtual Media Manager”.

  In the Virtual Media Manager, press the "Add" button and browse your host file system for the VBoxGuestAdditions.iso file:

   On a Windows host, you can find this file in the VirtualBox installation directory (usually under C:\Program files\Oracle\VirtualBox ).

   On Mac OS X hosts, you can find this file in the application bundle of VirtualBox. (Right click on the VirtualBox icon in Finder and choose Show Package Contents. There it is located in the Contents/MacOS folder.)

   On a Linux host, you can find this file in the additions folder under where you installed VirtualBox (normally /opt/VirtualBox/).

   On Solaris hosts, you can find this file in the additions folder under where you installed VirtualBox (normally /opt/VirtualBox).

  Back in the Virtual Media Manager, select that ISO file and press the "Select" button. This will mount the ISO file and present it to your Windows guest as a CD-ROM.

  Unless you have the Autostart feature disabled in your Windows guest, Windows will now autostart the VirtualBox Guest Additions installation program from the Additions ISO. If the Autostart feature has been turned off, choose VBoxWindowsAdditions.exe from the CD/DVD drive inside the guest to start the installer.

  The installer will add several device drivers to the Windows driver database and then invoke the hardware detection wizard.

  Depending on your configuration, it might display warnings that the drivers are not digitally signed. You must confirm these in order to continue the installation and properly install the Additions.

  After installation, reboot your guest operating system to activate the Additions.

Source: http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html#additions-windows


Why `apt-get dist-upgrade` in EC2 image does not update the kernel?

This is a problem only on "pv" (Para-virtualized) EC2 virtual machines. In such systems, the kernel has to be patched to be able to run on the default Xen DomU setup (which is PV). Hence "ec2 kernels", which you can't replace on a PV machine because that would break your system.

AWS have moved since to prefer HVM (Hardware Virtual Machine, which is the Xen term for virtualizing access to hardware devices using a hardware IOMMU, allowing native drivers in the virtual machine direct access to the hardware), so they stopped working hard on getting up to date EC2 specific kernels, and you should be able to use any kernel on an HVM virtual machine.


How to run an executable file (web app) 24/7 and restart automatically when it breaks down?

Yes, creating a systemd service is the way to go. You will need to write a service file, which in your case doesn't need much. Here is an outline of such a file:

[Unit]
Description=your description here
After=syslog.target

[Service]
ExecStartPre= [script to run before starting the service]
ExecStart= [script to run the actual service]
Restart=on-abort

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

This should go in /etc/systemd/system/yourservice.service. Now you can start, stop, restart and find the status of your service using systemctl commands. Various other examples and options are to be found on the web and on this site.

This solution would be portable to all Linux systems that run systemd. For systems running SysV or Upstart, you will have to find a different solution.


Libre Office Impress media insert for complete presentation, not only slides

You can use the Slide Transition pane to set up Impress so that a sound or a song is played throughout the presentation. To do that:

Select the slide where you want the sound to start and go to the
Slide transition pane.
In the 'Modify transition' section, select the entry 'Other sound' from the Sound drop-down menu.
Select the 'Loop until next sound' checkbox if you want the sound to restart once it is finished.

Caution:

Do NOT click the 'Apply to all' button, otherwise your selected sound will restart at every slide.

If you just do slide transitions, nothing happens. You need to go to the 'View' and activate the sidebar, then it works.


which algorithm used by ubuntu or linux for file or folder searching in directory

I have a project in my college to search file or folder using the Linux or Ubuntu algorithm. I have to adapt it for mac and windows.
Which algorithm does ubuntu use?

An algorithm is something abstract, not bound to an OS and neither to a programming language.
The aforementioned libcolumbus is a library that implements the Levenshtein distance algorithm.


Is it possible to set proxy for APT while using graphical Ubiquity-based desktop ISO installer?

According to the source code of Ubiquity it obtains the proxy settings from two sources:

installer preseed file (not our case)
proxy configuration of current user (namely GSettings path org.gnome.system.proxy)

For Ubuntu MATE desktop installer one can use the following method:

Boot system in Try Ubuntu MATE without installation
Launch Network Proxy application from dash or by using mate-network-properties
Specify needed HTTP proxy:

  [o] Manual proxy configuration
  HTTP proxy: [192.168.12.34] Port: [8000]

and click Close.

Note: this step may be done from terminal by using the following commands

gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode "'manual'"
gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http host "192.168.12.34"
gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http port "8000"

Launch Ubiquity installer by clicking on its Install Ubuntu MATE ... icon on desktop.
Proceed with installation as usual and wait to finish.

As the result you will get this proxy saved in /etc/apt/apt.conf as mini.iso does:

$ cat /etc/apt/apt.conf
Acquire::http::Proxy "http://192.168.12.34:8000";

For the more universal solution it is recommended to remove this file and use special avahi-based package sudo apt-get install squid-deb-proxy-client to access it by hostname.

Note: this method may be adapted for other Ubuntu flavors, but I did not tested them.


Problems during booting - Error reading from disk/GRUB rescue

Strangely enough, last time I had this error was in the OSX Chameleon bootloader when I had installed it incorrectly.  I'm inclined to think it's a kernel error or some other software related issue that a grub repair should fix.


I just answer here just in case someone have similar problem. The problem were with the proxy. Dont know why exactly, if you put cicles.almata.com in the browser, it goes to internet... but another webs like example.com didnt.
So to avoid this in the browser settings i put

This is in Network preferences in Firefox Options/Preferences.


Does Ubuntu uninstall unnecessary updates?

From man apt-get:

clean (sudo apt-get clean)

  clean clears out the local repository of retrieved package files. It removes everything but the lock file from /var/cache/apt/archives/ and /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/.

autoremove (sudo apt-get autoremove)

  autoremove is used to remove packages that were automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are now no longer needed.

autoclean (sudo apt-get autoclean)

  Like clean, autoclean clears out the local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it growing out of control. The configuration option APT::Clean-Installed will prevent
  installed packages from being erased if it is set to off.

You can set your choice for update from Software & Updates as following:

Select check box(s) only that you want to get update.

Also Visit this & this for more information.

Hope this helps for maintain.


Can I have two distros on the same partition using btrfs?

Yes, you can. This is what I use at the very moment. The other cool thing is that you can bedup the partition after you have installed many similar OSes (like Ubuntu and Linux Mint) to conserve a lot of hard disk space.
The trick is to rename the default subvolumes: @ and @home into something unique to the distribution installation, e.g. @ -> @mint or @trusty and @home into @homemint or @hometrusty.
This can be done at any moment after the installation of the first system, before the installation of the second. The most error-safe way is to take a snapshot of the subvolumes, for instance like this:

mount root subvolume of the system btrfs partition (assumed to be /dev/sda3) somewhere, e.g. to /mnt: sudo mount btrfs /dev/sda3 /mnt
Optional: list the already existing subvolumes - just check you don't create name conflicts in the following steps: sudo btrfs subvolume list /mnt
Clone the main @ subvolume: sudo btrfs subvolume snapshot /mnt/@ /mnt/@trusty
Clone the home. I strongly don't recommend sharing the whole home subvolume across different systems. (For shared documents create another subvolume, or even better a separate partition, link it with ~/Documents, ~/Desktop etc. and share that): sudo btrfs subvolume snapshot /mnt/@home /mnt/@trustyhome
Edit /mnt/@trusty/etc/fstab on the new root @trusty to reflect the change the @home -> @trustyhome subvolume (and @ -> @trusty, but that step is not strictly necessary, because by the time the system reads @trusty/etc/fstab it must have already assumed the correct subvolume for root).
Edit /boot/grub/grub.cfg: modify all lines that call the current kernel (they look like this: linux   /vmlinuz-3.16.0-50-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=9e571eab-4c88-4913-baa3-8d41d94f73d5 ro recovery nomodeset rootflags=subvol=@) and change the rootflags=subvol=@ into rootflags=subvol=@trusty, so the kernel knows what to boot. Rather miraculously this setting will be preserved when you do update-grub.
Reboot and do sudo mount and verify that the correct new subvolumes are used instead of @ and @home <- This is step is really important, otherwise you will loose your data

And once you renamed the subvolumes, and made sure that system boots, and made sure that there is no @ and @home - install the next OS, with one modification: use a separate /boot partition (800MB should be enough). It helps if your partitions use GPT rather than MBR, which fortunately has became a norm. (To quickly tell if you are using GPT is to see if you boot with UEFI on the motherboard BIOS setup. UEFI works only with partitions set-up in GPT format.
If you don't set up the separate /boot partition - the system will not boot, but you can fix it if you follow the  @HullCityFan852 comment:

If you don't have a separate /boot partition then the reboot in Step 7
will fail and you will be left at the grub rescue prompt. At this
prompt, type set prefix=($root)/@mint/boot/grub (replace @mint with
the path to your distro's subvolume) and then type insmod normal and
finally normal to load the Grub menu and boot your distro. Once
booted, type sudo update-grub && sudo grub-install to make the change
permanent

At the partitioning dialog, use custom partitioning and install the system on the same partition as the first OS. Just be sure, that you tell the installer not to format that partition!
After the installation you can set up chainloading the grubs, so you can select the grub from one installation as an entry on the other and vice versa (how? see What is the recommended way to chainload separate Ubuntu /boot partition).
By having separate /boot partitions I don't have to worry about one Linux messing grub for the other Linux during the automated kernel upgrade.


Dell vs Lenovo trackpoint/nipple/trackstick mouse drivers?

You can play with setting different values to different trackpoint properties and maybe compare props of your Lenovo trackpoint with Dell's.
Use the command xinput list to see all input devices and their IDs. Then use xinput list-props $ID to see what the device is capable of and xinput set-prop $ID $PropID $value. I wrote some examples in another topic, but it's about Thinkpad trackpoint: here. There's also a brief instruction how to make changes permanent.

I think your issue is related to acceleration or movement smoothing.


Install Ubuntu along with Windows and Optimal partitioning?

Just make sure you install windows first - Pretty thorough instruction right here:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsDualBoot. Just ignore the part that says "setup grub to boot windows" and it will boot to ubuntu


Instead of Alt + backspace
Try Ctrl + w

So, you have all the controls with Ctrl:

  Ctrl + w : removing one word at a time
  Ctrl + u : removing entire line of code at a time
  Ctrl + left arrow : navigating to left, one word at a time
  Ctrl + right arrow : navigating to right, one word at a time


How to make gmail standard work in Icecat (v.17) - JavaScript problem

Icecat comes with an enabled extension (GNU LibreJS) that "blocks nonfree nontrivial JavaScript while allowing JavaScript that is free and/or trivial".

Disabling the addon solves the problem reported here.


Need help making my second HDD a system wide mount in Ubuntu 14.04 server

First, create your mount point for the device like so:

sudo mkdir /mnt/server

Note: you man use any name you choose for the mount point, i.e. /mnt/foo or /mnt/bar or whatever.

After this, create an fstab entry for your device.

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

The following link should help you out with that:
Fstab - Community Help Wiki (Ubuntu)

Note: it is advisable to use the UUID option for specifying the device, but using it's /dev/sdX location for the device is fine.

Next, ensure that your device is unmounted:

sudo umount /media/server

Now, attempt to automatically mount your 2TB hdd according to /etc/fstab specifications:

sudo mount /mnt/server

That should give you the mount point you are looking for and also configure it to automatically mount up at boot time.


startx not starting applications in fullscreen

It worked for firefox i.e. i was able to open firefox in fullscreen by using firefox -width 1366 -height 768 on terminal for opening firefox and then this was set as the default resolution for firefox automatically. And as far the side issue of opening terminal on startup is concerned, still using tty when system starts but now I edited the ~/.xinitrc file such that whenever I run startx from tty, gnome-terminal opens in a particular resolution and at particular location on the screen.Here is my ~/.xinitrc file:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
gnome-terminal --geometry=115x24+115+115 &
#exec gnome-session
. /etc/X11/Xsession


What network traffic tool is out there, with a graphical interface?

Actually, the screenshot you posted is from gnome-system-monitor. You may try to install it:

sudo apt-get install gnome-system-monitor


How to add full desktop & configs to a minimal install?

You could also use tasksel for this!

Just install it via

sudo apt-get install tasksel

run it with

sudo tasksel

and then you can select a bunch of packages to install inlcluding Ubuntu-Desktop or even Lubuntu...


How to install virtual box.tar gz on ubuntu 14.04 using terminal?

Try this

cd to extracted directory in terminal
run the following commands

./configure
make
sudo make install


I can't find my installed Ibus "Keyboard Input Methods" in Dash

The package name of the Keyboard Input Methods program is ibus. Keyboard Input Methods is a program used to adjust methods for keyboard input. IBus normally automatically starts up at login. To use IBus open any GUI application e.g. gedit, LibreOffice Writer, etc. and start typing in the text input area.

Otherwise ibus can be accessed either from Systems Settings -> Language Support -> Language tab -> dropdown menu to the right of where it says Keyboard input method system: or from the terminal by typing ibus.

If this information isn't sufficient for your purposes, then please provide additional information about what you are trying to use Keyboard Input Methods to do. For example, changing the keyboard input language, if you are using more than one text entry language, can be done quickly using the keyboard combination Super+Space. The Super key has a Microsoft Windows logo on it in many keyboards.

To add the Hindi language go to Systems Settings -> Text Entry -> under Input sources to use: click Hindi. Then click the little keyboard icon to open the Hindi window and display the Hindi keyboard layout. Is the Hindi keyboard layout displayed in the Hindi window? If the Hindi keyboard layout isn't displayed in the Hindi window, you can add it by clicking on the plus button (+) to open the Choose an input source window, selecting the Hindi language from the list of keyboard input languages, and then clicking the Add button to add the Hindi language to the language selection menu that is in the notification area of the desktop panel next to the volume icon and the clock icon.

Make sure that Show current input source in the menu bar is marked by a check mark.

Add Hindi keyboard layout

English translation of Monika von Birkenstein's output from running the command ibus from the terminal. Translated and posted below because it wouldn't fit in Monika's first comment, so this is a continuation of that comment.

Usage: ibus COMMAND [OPTION...]

Commands:
  engine         Set or get engine
  exit           Exit ibus-daemon
  list-engine    Show available engines
  watch          (Not implemented)
  restart        Restart ibus-daemon
  version        Show version
  read-cache     Show the content of registry cache
  write-cache    Create registry cache
  address        Print the D-Bus address of ibus-daemon
  help           Show this information


In a recursive query, a name server behaves like a client and asks
  another name server to either provide it with the answer to its query,
  or to return an error because it cannot supply an answer.

That you have.

You can turn off globally recursion with recursion no; but allow it to your request with

 allow-recursion {192.168.0.0/24;}; //change IPs as required

Also you can configure "forwarders" to fw dns request before trying to find the answer itself by iterative query to other name servers including those in the root domain.


Pushbullet usually comes as a browser extension, so check your browsers and uninstall it from there.

If you installed the community project for integration right into Ubuntu, enter this command:

sudo apt-get purge nemo-pushbullet

Restart might be required (as the easiest way to remove integration in Nautilus).


Install a Mirror without downloading all packages from official repository

Can someone tell me if it is possible to do that ?

Yes, it is possible, and I have been doing this my entire Ubuntu life. Downloading in one computer and use the packages in another.

AptOnCD can be downloaded in a single package, and installed in the Internetless computer, I assume you can do this. But you don't need any external software. Though I am writing both method, here.

AptOnCD method.

Downloading AptOnCD

Download AptOnCd from here.

Under the section Binary packages, click on the link matching you machine architecture. If you use 32bit Ubuntu, you need i386 package, and if your system is 64bit you can download amd64.

The new link will bring you a page, just click on the package version link.

then click on the download link in the new page.

Put the downloaded .deb file in your home directory.
Open a terminal, while you are still in home directory, run this command to install the package.
sudo dpkg -i ./sudo dpkg -i aptoncd_0.1.98+bzr117-1.2_all.deb. (AptOnCD has no other dependency, so it can be installed standalone). Filename may vary depending on your version selection and architecture.
After completing installation, Press Super + A to bring the Dash application lens. Type in the field, aptoncd, click on the Icon to start it.

Creating ISO file to use as a repository source.

When you start AptOnCD, the software will run on the default window, which have only two buttons. "Create" and "Restore".

Click on the Create Button. It will automatically scan your computers /var/cache/apt/archives folder for all .deb files. When scanning is completed, You will see a window similar to the below image.

You can add additional packages in other folder if you have, such like the downloaded aptoncd package. Also individual packages can be selected.
After it completed it's process, Click on the "Burn" button, a new window will appear like the below one.

In this window, type the name of the iso file, where it should create that iso, and check "Create a metapackage" option it you want to install all the included packages be installed on the internet less system, with installing a single package. Click on the Apply button.
After some time, depending on the number of packages, it will ask you whether you want to burn the iso file now. You can burn CD/DVD now, but I'll select no. Check in home folder to see that an iso file is created.

Adding the iso file as a source repository in the target computer.

Copy the iso file in the target computer. I assume that, you copy it in your home folder and the name of the iso file is aptoncd.iso.
Open a terminal, and type sudo mount ./aptoncd.iso /media/apt to mount the iso in /media/apt directory. If it says, The directory does not exists, simply create one with this command sudo mkdir /media/apt, and then try mount again.
After mounting, run this command to add this new cdrom as repository source.
sudo apt-cdrom add. If you see a message like Repeat this process for the rest of the CDs in your set. Then the process is successful.

Installing from the new aptoncd repository

If you want to install a package, simply mount the iso in /media/apt folder. (see above section).
Then open a terminal, and run sudo apt-get install package-name.

local repository method.

There is a lot more easier method than using AptOnCD. Though I have included AptOnCD method as the question talked about that.

Copy all .deb files into the target computer

You need to copy all .deb files you download from /var/cache/apt/archives folder to a suitable folder in your target Internetless computer. I recommend you to copy all the files in a folder named debs which itself resides in a folder named LocalRepo. Meaning, .deb files are in LocalRepo/debs folder. You can put the LocalRepo folder wherever you wish. Let say, for example, I have put it in my home directory i.e. /home/anwar.

So, the folder structure is like below:

-/
 -/home
   -/anwar
    -/LocalRepo
     -/debs

where debs folder contains all the deb files you downloaded.

Generate packages index file

Open a terminal and go to the folder just above the Debs folder. In this example, it is /home/anwar/LocalRepo.
Run this command: while you are in LocalRepo folder.
apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages
It will create a Packages file in the LocalRepo directory.

Add your local repository in the repository source list

Open /etc/apt/sources.list file with root privilege
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list.
At the top of sources.list file, put a line like this.

 deb file:/home/anwar/LocalRepo /

replace /home/anwar/LocalRepo with actual directory name where you put the LocalRepo folder.
Save the file, and exit gedit.

Update package indexes to be able to install from Local repo

Run sudo apt-get update in a terminal, It will create a repository source list about available repositories. So, your newly created Local Repository will be recognized.

Install packages from local repository.

Then run sudo apt-get install package-name
(replacing package-name with actual package) to install your desired repository.

Note: You will always be warned about being your repository is not "Authenticated" one. In this case you can ignore such warning, since you created repository from packages of "Authenticated" sources, meaning Official Ubuntu Package archive.

You can override this warning by putting --allow-unauthenticated switch in the command. such as

 sudo apt-get install --allow-unauthenticated package-name

Creating a trusted repository instead:

If you want to create a trusted local repository, You should read this. It is very simple and very good one about the topic


I believe systemd-networkd has limited DHCPServer support, based on https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#%5BDHCPServer%5D%20Section%20Options

However you are probably better off using isc-dhcp-server if you need to fine tune MULTIPLE subnets of DHCP at once or provide advanced DHCP options and such.

I have an LXD network which uses an 18.04 container that serves DHCP to all other containers on that subnet via isc-dhcp-server.  It seems to work fine with systemd-networkd and netplan DHCP clients.

Note that in either case whichever you use the DHCP server should have a static IP address outside the DHCP pool; this way the server behaves consistently.


Add "Windows To Go" external HDD to grub2 boot menu

Try simply telling GRUB to attempt to detect other OSs.

Lauch a terminal (CTRL+ALT+T), and run the following command:

sudo update-grub

If that doesn't work, try booting from a live DVD/USB and running this command from the terminal:

sudo grub-install /dev/sda #Replace block accordingly


How do I know if Ubuntu installed completely?

If

apt-get dist-upgrade

gives as output:

0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

you're fully updated and that's it...

If you have any further specific annoyances, click on Ask Question and specify each annoyance in one single question giving as much detail as you can that pertains to that annoyance.
E.G. for a graphics related issue, state the OS version, kernel version, GPU, GPU memory, module versions of the GPU and for general sluggishness: the OS version, kernel version, free --human, iostat, df --human


Display sums of memory usage of "similar processes"

There are many commandline tools

ps which can be used to view processes their cpu usage etc. Just try ps aux.

top for system monitoring

htop is top with better readability

and there free, vmstat and pmap as well.

View respective man pages. i.e. man ps


Why doesn't Bash completion for 'cc' and 'c++' work?

What you are seeing is a bug in bash-completion.

Luckly there's a workaround: you can open /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/cc, find the following:

complete -F _gcc gcc g++ g77 gcj gpc &&
{
    cc  --version 2>/dev/null | grep -q GCC && complete -F _gcc cc  || :
    c++ --version 2>/dev/null | grep -q GCC && complete -F _gcc c++ || :
}

and replace it with the following:

complete -F _gcc gcc g++ g77 gcj gpc cc c++


Skype on 12.04 x64 does not start even after purging and reinstalling it

Skype is working very well on Ubuntu 12.04 64 bit version (using it right now).

How to:

Go to Software Sources, click on second tab Other Software and mark Canonical Partners and Canonical Partners (Source Code).
Open your terminal and add the following command  sudo apt-get update.
After the update is completed please type  sudo apt-get install skype.
This will install skype and will work perfectly.

Good luck.


ImageMagick command line convert -limit values

I was able to find a solution through the ImageMagick forum.

The method was to change the settings for Resource limits in the file handling that in ImageMagick, called policy.xml. In Ubuntu 18.04 that is found in /etc/ImageMagick-6. It is set as read-only, so I temporarily changed the write permissions with sudo chmod 777 policy.xml from within that folder. After making the changes, I switched the permission to 744.

This is what the relevant section of policy.xml looks like:

<policymap>
  <!-- <policy domain="resource" name="temporary-path" value="/tmp"/> -->
  <policy domain="resource" name="memory" value="14GiB"/>
  <policy domain="resource" name="map" value="30GiB"/>
  <policy domain="resource" name="width" value="16MP"/>
  <policy domain="resource" name="height" value="16MP"/>
  <policy domain="resource" name="area" value="40GP"/>
  <policy domain="resource" name="disk" value="30GiB"/>
  <!-- <policy domain="resource" name="file" value="768"/> -->
  <!-- <policy domain="resource" name="thread" value="4"/> -->
  <!-- <policy domain="resource" name="throttle" value="0"/> -->
  <!-- <policy domain="resource" name="time" value="3600"/> -->
  <!-- <policy domain="system" name="precision" value="6"/> -->
  <!-- not needed due to the need to use explicitly by mvg: -->
  <!-- <policy domain="delegate" rights="none" pattern="MVG" /> -->
  <!-- use curl -->
  <policy domain="delegate" rights="none" pattern="URL" />
  <policy domain="delegate" rights="none" pattern="HTTPS" />
  <policy domain="delegate" rights="none" pattern="HTTP" />
  <!-- in order to avoid to get image with password text -->
  <policy domain="path" rights="none" pattern="@*"/>
  <policy domain="cache" name="shared-secret" value="passphrase" stealth="true"/>
</policymap>

The parts that needed changing already have the values I substituted in so I can process the image in question. They are the 3rd to the 8th line, the resource named "memory" to the resource named "disk".

After making those changes, checking in the terminal with identify -list resource returns the new values.


Possible to migrate from non-RAID to RAID 1 and then RAID 5?

You can convert a RAID 1 array into a RAID 5 array if you overwrite the RAID 1 metadata with RAID 5 metadata with mdadm.  However, I have never done it nor would I try it without backing up all of my data. If I had a back up of all my data I would just wipe the disks, setup the RAID 5 and restore from back up instead of trying to convert a RAID 1 array into a RAID 5 array.

That said, I found an article that is kind of old but has the basic idea:
http://www.davelachapelle.ca/2008/07/25/converting-raid-1-to-raid-5/

Use at your own risk.


Move my owncloud data directory (running owncloud 9)

It seems that you somehow copied the data directory without the hidden files (.xxx files)
Please copy the complete data directory. You also have to make sure that the new data directory has the exact same owner and permissions. This is sometimes tricky on a NAS which might not support all permissions. I also recommend to upgrade to Nextcloud because it comes with better security features.
If something is still wring with the permissions then check the webserver logfile or the logfile in the data directory.


Nautilus Elementary, no Edit / Preferences?

(assuming this picture is not yours:)

The image you have in your post you can access by hitting F8 in Nautilus. This will add a cogwheel to the topright. Click it to get to the screen in your question. See here:

After installing you also need to restart nautilus with
nautilus -q


perl, sed, grep:

med-.*.opol.nei.com

bash expansion:

med-*.opol.nei.com


How can I evenly space icons in the panel?

Some of the Gnome panel icons, such as the indicator icon actually consist of several pieces that are attached. The process iIuse to set things up as I like is to right-click on all each of the icons to make sure it is not set to 'lock to panel'. After they're all unlocked, move a few of the icons out of the way on the side that you want to start positioning them on my right-clicking and selecting the 'move' menu option on them. Then, use the same process to move each icon into position in the right order, and with the amount of spacing you prefer. After you've got everything as you want it, set the 'lock to panel' on all of the icons.

I realize this is a manual process, but with the variable width of some of the icons I'm not sure it can be automated well.


No activity within seconds; please log in again

I found the answer. First I set $cfg['LoginCookieValidity'] = 2000; in the config.inc.php file and then restarted the mysql service.

But phpmyadmin didn't start. I cleared the older cookies and tried again to login and got success.

Thanks to George for his valuable time.


Keep running a python program even after logging-off the ssh session

There are several approaches (tools and commands) that you can use for similar purpose:

Use terminal emulators as tmux and screen:

tmux - terminal multiplexer: it enables a number of terminals to be created, accessed, and controlled from a single screen. tmux may be detached from a screen and continue running in the background, then later reattached. Examples of its basic usage are provided here and here.
screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation. It is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a physical terminal between several processes (typically interactive shells)... Programs continue to run when their window is currently not visible and even when the whole screen session is detached from the user's terminal. Example of usage is provided here.

Use detached commands executed in the background (read also):

nohup - run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty; Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals. The common syntax to push a command into the background and detach it from the current shell session: nohup COMMAND & or nohup COMMAND >/dev/null 2>&1 & if you want to suspend the info-file created by nohup. Examples of its basic usage are provided here and here. Also here is shown how to use it via ssh command.
disown - similar to nohup but it is shell (zsh, ksh, bash) builtin; used to remove jobs from the job table, or to mark jobs so that a SIGHUP signal is not sent to them if the parent shell receives it (e.g. if the user logs out). Example of usage is provided here.
setsid - creates a session and sets the process group ID. Sample usage setsid "COMMAND". More examples here.

Use the huponexit Bash Option:

$ ./script.py > output.txt &
[1] 7461
$ shopt -s huponexit
$ exit

Reference:

How To Use Bash's Job Control to Manage Foreground and Background Processes at DigitalOcean

Use schedule managers as at and crontab:

at - execute commands at a later time; at and batch read commands from standard input or a specified file which are to be executed at a later time, using /bin/sh. Sample usage: echo "COMMAND" | at now + 1 minute. More examples here.
crontab - schedule periodic background work; it is well known for other purposes, but you can specific certain time moment when your command will be executed only once. A nice crontab calculator is provided here.

Create system service and start it, see:

How do I run a single command at startup using systemd?
How to run scripts on start up?


Increase or View all Stored History in Gedit

Inspired by http://www.richud.com/wiki/Ubuntu_gedit_recent_files_dconf

Make usage of dconf-editor to change the property 'max-recents'.
Under org > gnome > gedit > preferences > ui:
Change the value of max-recents.

It was tested on ubuntu 12.0.4 and 14.04 LTS 64 bits.

In the 2 following screen dumps you can find:

Where it was configured in dconf-editor
An example that it works perfectly.


Blank screen after ATI video card installation on Ubuntu 11.10 amd64

There could  be 2 reasons that you have a blank screen that I can think of. (1) Because your system has not recognised your new ATI card during boot.   Somewhere in your BIOS (you go to Setup during boot) there is a setting which helps you decide which card to use.
However if you find that you get a boot up screen with your new card, then the problem is with the installation of the ATI driver.

Here's what you could do.  First of all you need to find out what the ip address is of the system you installed Ubuntu on. Then download putty to your windows system and log into the ip address of the system with the userid and password you established during the installation. At that point you can start installing the appropriate drivers etc. This is because putty is an implementation of a secure shell remotely -  essentially you are connected into your system in command line mode. If you don't know what the ip address is of your system find a piece of software called lookatlan and download it to your windows system. When you run it -  it will show you all of the devices connected to your network in your home.   Alternatively you could try using the Ctrl-Alt-F1 keys on your Ubuntu system which might open a terminal session. If that's the case then you don't have to go and ssh (which is what putty does) into the system.

The next problem is finding out which drivers you need.  This should help you find them
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RadeonDriver

This link provides a lot of useful instructions
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Troubleshooting/FglrxInteferesWithRadeonDriver#Problem:%20%20Need%20to%20fully%20remove%20-fglrx%20and%20reinstall%20-ati%20from%20scratch

Let us know how you get along
Jurij


Video playing faster than sound in VLC Player

You can sync the audio using the Adjustment and Effects panel of VLC. Click the Show extended settings button. Go to the Syncronization tab and adjust things manually until the audio and video line up for you.


Install the following packages to fix that error:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall gnome-settings-daemon gnome-settings-daemon-schemas

Please post any errors.


Lost the system tray-bar and side panel dockbar disappears when touched

Could be something to do with your unity setup or system settings but we need a screen-shot to be clear, what it is. The links below may help:

Unity launcher bar stuck and won't hide

Enable and disable auto hide for unity launcher in ubuntu 11.10


Error while compiling bcmwl-kernel-source

The build error suggests you are using gcc <= 4.8:

gcc: error: unrecognized command line option `-fstack-protector-strong`

The -fstack-protector-strong option was only introduced with gcc version 4.9.

By installing a more recent gcc version, and configuring it as your default gcc (as described here for example), you should be able to build successfully.


Unable to update Node JS - keeps returning to old version [Ubuntu 15.04]

Using the nvm (node version manager) is the best option to update the default version of node.

install or update nvm:

curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.33.2/install.sh | bash

or

wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.33.2/install.sh | bash

After successful installation, close the terminal and open a new terminal.
List the version of nodejs available:

nvm ls-remote

This will list the available versions of nodejs.
Select the version you want to install:

nvm install xxxxxx

Check the version:

node -v

Hope this helps as a step by step guide.


I did this on my fresh Ubuntu 18.04 - dell vostro:

Install the applications needed:

sudo apt install -y fprintd libpam-fprintd

sudo pam-auth-update

You may want to change the PAM configuration to use fingerprint for sudo:
And check the Fingerprint authentication option. So when you use sudo it will ask to fingerprint. If you wait the fingerprint timeout it will ask for standard password.

Reboot
Then go to settings/users and enable the Fingerprint Login. You may need to reboot.


Installing Realtek ALC662 sound drivers on Ubuntu 12.10

What is wrong is that the install script has a very small bug in it which is very easy to correct.

If you run it, it will indeed display errors.

What to do ?

open the install script in an editor
change line 1  from #!/bin/sh to #!/bin/bash (just to be shure)
change line 18 from cd alsa-driver-RTv5.18 to cd alsa-driver-RTv5.18/alsa

Save it and run sudo ./install


The process you described appeared to have repaired Windows 7's boot manager which doesn't consider other OSes, just Windows.  I don't think you can Boot into Linux with Windows' boot manager.

To have the option for dual boot with the choice of Windows or Linux you'll have to install a boot manager like Grub.  Grub is the default Ubuntu boot manager.  So what you'll have to do is reinstall Grub.  Grub will give you a menu choice of all the installed OSes you have.  After you reinstall Grub, you'll have the choice of booting into Windows 7 or Linux.

There are a number of ways to Install Grub.

You can use this method to install Grub on your boot harddrive.  This will replace the Windows boot manager:

Boot to a live Ubuntu DVD and use the Try Ubuntu option.  From a terminal command run the following:

a) sudo mount /dev/sdaX /mnt # Make "sdaX" the partition that has Ubuntu install (i.e. /dev/sda2)
b) for i in /sys /proc /run /dev; do sudo mount --bind "$i" "/mnt/$i"; done
c) sudo chroot /mnt
d) update-grub
e) if no errors skip this "e" section
     grub-install /dev/sdX (sdX is the hard drive that has linux installed (i.e. /dev/sda)
     update-grub 5) Reboot the system


Enter to the BIOS and change the boot system from UEFI to Legacy, and make the USB stick available to boot.

This doesn't have anything to do with GRUB.


How can I make fonts in the top panel smaller?

Open a terminal with and use this command

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences titlebar-font 'Ubuntu Bold 9'

It will change the font to Ubuntu bold with size 9.

Here is the screenshot:


graphics problem in xubuntu 14.04: images and text disappear

You could try the NVidia's proprietary driver.

Open the Ubuntu Software Center, and go to Edit->software sources. There, open "Additional drivers" and select the nvidia one. It will take a while to install.


Signature verification fails for program that I thought I removed. How to remove the program completely?

You  added a repository for Opera.  To remove it, open Software and Updates, click on the Other Software tab, and untick the box next to the Opera repo.


Is it possible to run the same Ubuntu Image on two different machines?

Of course you can do that.

Download Clonezilla from here,
Burn the ISO to a DVD.
Connect an external hard drive to your laptop or you can make do with your internal hard drive too.
Now, boot from your DVD and clone your current laptop OS.
Install the clone to your desktop.

That's it. But I recommend reading their instructions first because there are some conditions that need to be fulfilled when cloning an OS.

You might want to follow this tutorial if you are doing this for the first time.

Hope this helps!


How to create recovery partition to reinstall Ubuntu?

The easiest way to make a partition backup is to use dd with cron. You can create the task that will run automatically in the time you want to.

The idea discribed here: click me

How to use cron: click here


How do I tell if CPU Turbo is on or not on 16.04?

Your computer is using the acpi-cpufreq CPU frequnecy scaling driver instead of the intel-pstate CPU frequency scaling driver because your particular processor chip pre-dates anything the Intel driver was designed for.

Even with the apci-cpufreq driver you can determine if your CPUs are going into turbo frequencies by observation. Do cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_cur_freq.


New Ubuntu user: What is the repository? How do I access it? How do I find and use WINE?

You have Wine in the default package list in Ubuntu. First you need to update the list of packages, so go to Software Updater. The first thing it does is refresh the package list. then it prompts for upgrade of actual packages. You may deny it. Then search for Wine in the software center.

There is also another way of installing Wine. Open Terminal from the Dash. type the following commands:

sudo apt-get update #this updates the software list for you. it should be done after a fresh install
sudo apt-get install wine #it installs wine for you


How to set DNS in Ubuntu so that it wouldnt interfere with a VPN connection?

I assume that you have set up your vpn settings graphically via the network manager.
Whilst setting up a vpn connection, you have a tab on the side named ipv4. If you click on that you get a form where you can set the DNS adress that you want to use. I have not tested this out, but by my understanding it should work.

Edit:
When you set up a VPN connection, it should look like something like this:
Set DNS address for VPN connection


I solved the problem by "trying ubuntu" on a usb stick. Then i mounted the hidden efi partition by using "Disk Utility" which allowed me to delete the ubuntu folder. Then I deleted the boot option on bios.


How do I make a compiz sphere look like a planet?

This is possible.

I used to use it on a 10.10 install.

I found the images you need hosted here: http://www.humus.name/index.php?page=Textures&ID=19

Make sure you grab the zip on the right hand side.

The only issue you'll come up against is you will need the compiz 'wallpaper' plugin which lets you set different papers for each workspace. The best you will manage on 12.04+ (so far anyway) is to set the cube caps and have a repeating wallpaper (pretty naff)

Hope you manage to get this set up, looks pretty cool with a stary skydome. I just wish the blue was a little more vibrant in those backgrounds.


User's config file are normally stored in his own home directory but they may be hidden
try Showing hidden Files

View > Show Hidden Files

in Nautilus from your home directory it will show some '.' prefixed folders may be there will be a folder for this app too try removing it

ls -a

also help to show hidden files from terminal


Installed Proprietary AMD Graphics Drivers from Settings, Rebooted, and Display Always Turns Off After Decrypting Partitions on Boot Screen

I fixed the problem and the cause of it turned out to be very simple: /boot was not mounted when I installed the proprietary drivers!

You see, I had an encrypted installation with /boot residing on removable storage. Following the answer for this question (How to run scripts on start up?), I set up my system to run umount /boot right before the login screen and I rebooted several times to make sure this was working reliably. Then I installed the AMD proprietary graphics drivers from here:

Following the installation and reboot of the system, I ended up with no display; the monitor was in power save mode which meant the most reliable way to diagnose this problem was using something known to be working: a live Ubuntu disc and chroot.

Having mounted all the partitions necessary, I chroot into the installation and ran apt-get remove on every package listed by dpkg -l '*fglrx*'. From the output, I was able to spot that in the removal process, some files in /boot were being modified and update-initramfs was being run. Suspecting that the real problem might have been /boot being inaccessible during the first installation of the proprietary drivers, I ran apt-get install fglrx-updates fglrx-amdcccle-updates before rebooting the system.

And it worked!

Folks: make sure your /boot partition is available before installing or removing any software/updates! You'll never know when /boot might be needed.


What is a command?

Commands, and the command line, are another way to tell the computer what to do. For example, you can click the google chrome icon, or you can run the command google-chrome.

This may seem a silly thing to do, but when you click the icon, that's what the computer does! It also is much easier to do some tasks with the command line.

For example, installing programs can be quicker and easier - just use sudo apt-get install program, rather than navigating through the software center.

And if my Bluetooth stops working, I run a command to fix it - that's the only way!

Anyway, how do you run a command?

This is also simple, although there are many ways to do it.

Simply, you open a Terminal and type (or copy / paste) the command in, then press Enter. In the image, I've run the command ls Desktop/ which will list all files on my desktop. Note that to paste you press Ctrl + Shift + V in the terminal.

By default you open the terminal by pressing Ctrl + Alt + T, or opening the Dash and searching for "Terminal".

What is a tty?

Sometimes, you may be told to run a command in the tty - often followed by a number, for example tty2. The GUI runs on tty7.

To access this, you press Ctrl + Alt + FX - where FX is replaced with the Function key that corresponds to the number. For example, to access tty2 you would press Ctrl + Alt + F2.

You have to login to this, but some things need the tty to work.

To get back to the GUI (if the instructions say to), press Ctrl + Alt + F7. If nothing appears - it's just a blank screen, press Ctrl + Alt + F8. If neither work, you may need to restart - but ask the person who is helping you by commenting below the answer!

What about GUI (Graphical User Interface) programs?

The terminal can also launch GUI programs. This can have the advantage of viewing the output the program gives - for example running software-centre looks like this:

You can also provide extra "arguments" - also known as "parameters" and "options" to the command.

For example, if I run google-chrome --app=http://youtube.com it opens a window without the URL bar or the tabs:

Bear in mind, if you close the terminal, you also lose the Google Chrome window...

One final method

This is only good for GUI programs, like Chrome, Firefox and Gedit. However, it also means you don't have a terminal lying around - which you could accidentally close. It's no good for sudo apt-get install program or similar, because you can't type your password after running it.

Press Alt + F2, and a "Run Dialouge" appears - a bit like the run window on Windows:

Ubuntu:                                                                                Windows:

You can type any command into here, and it will run it!

My pronouns are He / Him


AMD support for the e-450 is not ready yet! They should hopefully be releasing some compatible drivers in the near future.


Backlight Fix in Ubuntu with MacBook 6,1?

Install this deb:

https://github.com/guillaumezin/nvidiabl/raw/master/install/deb/nvidiabl-dkms_0.81_all.deb

Load the module:

sudo modprobe nvidiabl

Paste this into your /etc/X11/xorg.conf:

Section "Device"
   Identifier     "Device0"
   Driver         "nvidia"
   VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
   Option         "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"
   Option         "NoLogo" "True"
   Option         "AllowGLXWithComposite" "true"
   Option         "DPMS" "1"
   Option         "OnDemandVBlankInterrupts" "1"
   Option         "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1; PowerMizerEnable=0x1;    PerfLevelSrc=0x2233;PowerMizerDefault=0x3"
EndSection

Now the brightness control should work.


Yes, it is a path but not regular one. It's in Dconf databases (either user one or system common one)

$ file ~/.config/dconf/user
/home/user/.config/dconf/user: GVariant Database file, version 0

$ file /etc/dconf/db/gdm
/etc/dconf/db/gdm: GVariant Database file, version 0

You may use dconf-editor which is GUI tool to manipulate user dconf setting. See Shouldn't dconf-editor and gsettings access the same database?, it may help get basic understanding of dconf.


Why aren't certain indicators showing in Unity?

The older system tray has been retired since 10.04 and has now been totally removed in 13.04. pyalienfx needs to use the appindicator, you can file a bug on the program and point to this page:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DesktopExperienceTeam/ApplicationIndicators

So that app authors can port their application. This includes a fallback option so the software will still work in older Ubuntus and other distros.

As far as pidgin and thunderbird, those are integrated into the messaging menu (The little envelope).

Here are some other pointers:

How do I migrate from systray to AppIndicators?


Not receiving Ubuntu One verification code

You can login to Ubuntu one using a Launchpad account. Create an account on Launchpad and login with that.


What version of ubuntu are you on?

Ubuntu tries to limit itself to one version of each library on the system. This means only one version of mono is available on ubuntu. The version of ubuntu you have, will determine what version of .net is supported.

For example on ubuntu 12.04, only .net 4.0 applications will run, .net 2.0 applications will not run / compile by default.

You should also be aware that vb.net is not well supported in mono. c# is really the language of choice for mono. The mono runtime itself will run vb.net applications quite well but the compiler may not work. If you want to run a vb.net application on ubuntu you really need to build it on windows and then run it on Ubuntu.


How to install Gimp 2.8.2 on unity ubuntu 12.04?

You should add the following PPA

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp
sudo apt-get update

and install

sudo apt-get install gimp

You will get GIMP 2.8.2 :) Enjoy!


echo '#!/usr/bin/java -jar' > my-command

cat myJar.jar >> my-command

chmod +x my-command

./my-command

This answers your question (for a particular jar). If you make your own jars, it's easy to do the above using exec-maven plugin. If it's not your own jars, you could write a bash script to automate the above for multiple files.


I tried this and it works

for i in *.tif ; do tesseract $i outtext;  done;

Make sure when you are in terminal and you change directory to the location of all the files


Sorry for taking such a long time to answer, but I was trying to fix the drive.

In the end I made a gparted live-usb, then ran testdisk (tutorial: http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/15761/recover-data-like-a-forensics-expert-using-an-ubuntu-live-cd/). I then had the infamous gparted error where the entire drive was "unallocated".

After some looking around I found out this means that the partition table is corrupt. The partitions themselves, though, were accessible. After using testdisk a number of times in an attempt to fix the partition table, to no avail, I looked up other tutorials.

One of them said to do: "fdisk /dev/sdX", then check if the partitions it presents are correct, then write the new partition table. This also didn't work for me.

I then found a tool called "fixparts" which fixes corrupt partition table. I then made sure that the partitions I wanted (were) primary or logical are correct. Unfortunately, fixparts didn't get my "files and downloads" partition (shared between OSs) correct. I panicked.

I ran testdisk again, and gparted showed "unallocated" again. But I still had access to my files. I made a backup of all my useful files, of the files I needed from /home and from the now damaged files partition. I then ran fixparts once more.

In gparted I tried to fix how the partitions were supposed to be, but it didn't let me. So I had to erase my home and files partitions (in the extended) then grow the extended (there were 22 gigs of unallocated for some reason, which were part of my original files partition). I made the new home, swap and files partitions. I then had to reinstall ubuntu, and while the 300+ mb of updates downloaded (I have slow internet) I left all the files from the backup copying overnight.

I write this post from my newly updated Ubuntu install, with all the files where they're supposed to be. I tell my odyssey in hope someone will find it useful and be able to fix their corrupt drives.


Script using find runs fine when I execute it, but does not run correctly from cron

So let's see what you're doing here:

/bin/find  .  -maxdepth 1 -type d  -ctime +2 -exec /bin/rm -rf {} \;

Find all folders in the current directory (.) created more than 2 days ago and execute rm -rf on it.

The current working directory for a cronjob is the users home directory, for root/sudo cronjobs it is /root.

If you were really lucky, you used sudo crontab, and it did no harm, as /root directory is usually not used in Ubuntu.

If not, you basically deleted all directories older than 2 days in your home. This should be more or less anything of importance. Desktop, Pictures, Documents, .config ...

What you should do instead:

Use full paths:

/bin/find /path/to/my/folder -maxdepth 1 -type d  -ctime +2 -exec /bin/rm -rf {} \;

In any way

be very careful with rm -rf, and do not use it unless you're 100% sure about it.
have a backup ready.


I managed to get stuck with my Nexus 4 Ubuntu Phone, I can't reflash it back to the original ubuntu phone image?

I found a link which helped me flash Android back to the phone. I can then flash it back to a fresh Ubuntu Phone image.

Here's the link: [GUIDE] Nexus 4 - Factory Image Restore


Trying to access local HTML files through .desktop files

Finally, what I was missing is that .desktop is not a file name but an extension. Now, my foo.desktop file works fine; I'll have to change it until it does not work anew, just to learn. But this triggers a new question...  (on a different subject).


You need to open Compiz Config Settings Manager and select the desktop catagory and ensure that 'Ubuntu Unity Plugin' checkbox is ticked as below;


Configuring Tata Photon + USB Modem Huawei EC156

Note:- Data cards are automatically detected in newer version of ubuntu. You just have to wait for detecting it and then you can configure it. Use this method only when your data card is not detected by default.

Plug in your modem. Let it be recognized as a flash drive. Once that is done do

1) Open terminal and type

lsusb.

The output will be something like this:

Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 12d1:140b Huawei USB Device
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001

If you have same ID 12d1:140b Hwawei USB Device> follow the same instruction below

Now the first number here is the vendor id (0x12d1) and the second one (0x0140b) is
product id. These numbers will differ depending on the make and model of your modem.

2) now type in terminal

modprobe usbserial vendor=0x12d1 product=0x140b

**optional:{ only if terminal asks for permission or are you root something..
then type

sudo modprobe usbserial vendor=0x12d1 product=0x140b

enter your password ...

}**

Now you need to install a packages and softwares below

(note: if this article is old ,download the latest packages from http://www.draisberghof.de/usb_modeswitch/ )

1) sudo apt-get install libusb-dev

For new versions of usb_modswitch, libusb-1.0 is needed. It can be installed with:

sudo apt-get install libusb-1.0.0-dev

2) Download latest usb_modeswitch & extract from:

http://www.draisberghof.de/usb_modeswitch/

Now to install usb_modeswitch:

cd usb-modeswitch-x.x.x( enter into the usb-modeswitch directory)

sudo make install

3) Download & extract latest usb_modeswitch-data from:

http://www.draisberghof.de/usb_modeswitch/

cd into the extracted folder

cd usb-modeswitch-data-xxxxxxxx

sudo gedit Makefile

add the following two lines after RULESDIR = $(DESTDIR)/lib/udev/rules.d :

UDEVDIR= $(DESTDIR)/lib/udev

UDEVDIR= $(DESTDIR)/etc/udev

now Install usb_modeswitch-data:

sudo make files-install

Once installed:

4) type again in terminal

usb_modeswitch -v 0x12d1 -p 0x140b -H -W

note:-change 0x12d1  and 0x140b if you have different vendor id and product id

5) Now try an ls /dev/ttyU* and you should be able to see at least one device, or may be more

Type in terminal

ls /dev/ttyU*

6) Now its time to configure the settings.Type in terminal

 wvdialconf

and a file would be generated(/etc/wvdial.conf)

sudo gedit /etc/wvdial.conf

Open it and modify the phone number (The default number,username and password is

number #777
username internet password internet)

but if you have changed your username and password ... then type that one.

7) now just type in terminal

wvdial

thats it go to network icon and click over it and select huwaie mobile network..and you will connected in seconds..

This process 100% work if you follow the instruction carefully.

IF you have a problem ..reply


Why is my internet so slow with an Atheros wireless card?

I've found out the problem; it's some sort of problem with my wifi driver (ath9k) which was resolved with a simple command:

sudo -s
echo "options ath9k nohwcrypt=1" > /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf


External hard drive gets wrong user as owner

It isn't a bug.  Either you have added an incorrect entry to your /etc/fstab, or you are mounting a filesystem that stores permissions and was created on another machine, and so the ownership information is not correct on yours.  If the former, then you need to chown the files to fix it, but this will of course, cause the same problem if you take the drive back to the other machine.

If you plan on moving the drive back and forth between machines, then you should use fat or ntfs.  UDF is also an option if you don't mind incompatibility with Windows since it refuses to mount a UDF filesystem on anything but optical media.


Where did this "nonexistant" directory come from and what should I do with it?

You can read more about the nobody username here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobody_%28username%29

The folder nonexistent gets created when someone tries to use the nobody username. Its like the /home/nobody/ directory - but obviously it shouldn't normally exist. It would be worth checking what files are in that directory to see if there is a problem with a particular service. Spamassassin or sshd for example, both use the nobody username.


I use HD 5850, so it's not exactly the same, but my impression is that it's the same for all the newer cards. The proprietary driver is much slower than the open Radeon driver. I also had some problems with it, but none with the open driver. It's installed by default, so you don't need to install it. Your link doesn't appear to be functional, so I don't know what you did.


Wireless connected but internet not working or extremely slow. Ubuntu 12.04 on Samsung N210

try this

 echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf
 sudo modprobe -rfv iwldvm
 sudo modprobe -rfv iwlwifi
 sudo modprobe -v iwlwifi

thread taken from here but first read that article then try it


How can I add xkill in the Unity launcher?

I believe the answers to this previous thread can show you how to create a custom launcher to the Dock bar in Unity

How can I edit/create new launcher items in Unity by hand?