Controlling a remote Linux machine with dual monitors

NX is difficult with multiple monitors. Furthermore, it is only supported until Ubuntu 12.04, but not in newer versions. You'll probably wanna tryout other VNC servers like x11vnc for instance. Try out http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-xinerama as well.

Hope I could help! Don't forget to vote! ;)


Lubuntu 18.04 Autostart Firefox doesnt work

I'm on 64-bit Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS with XFCE on top. When I added Firefox for autostart, at first Firefox didn't find the chosen homepage. When I edited the           command for autostart to  /usr/bin/firefox, Firefox loaded the homepage   at  autostart. The problem seems to be that the default command in launcher is    firefox %u, so if also this command is edited to /usr/bin/firefox, this problem can be avoided in the future when you for some reason have removed Firefox from autostart and later put it back. See GUI:s:

Hope this was of some help.


Does nginx require an Ubuntu user for each server block?

Short answer is "No, it doesn't".

Nginx use one user, who called www-data. That user should have access to files in /var/www/somedomain.com/public_html.

So you just need to set correct permission rules to files and configs in /etc/nginx/sites-available.

Also I wouldn't recommend to create user for each server block if there is only your sites.

You may create some extra users in your system if it's public webserver and some remote users will connect to this server to configure new websites, but anyway do not create user for each server block.


How to open ports 25, 80, 443, 3306 on Ubuntu 10.04

A port is just a number that is part of an TCP address. If a program is waiting for incoming connections ("listening") on that port the port is called "open", otherwise it's "closed".

The kernel may filter traffic to a port to make it "closed" for some or all remote addresses. You can configure this filter e.g. by using ufw.

So ufw can't open a port, it can just tell the kernel to filter or not filter traffic for a given port.

You only told ufw not to filter the given ports (that is the default). You still need some programs to listen on that ports to make them "open".


Krusader: how to open .xpi file like .zip?

An old question but maybe some googler will benefit from this answer. Most likely this is not possible by configuration, but a workaround is like this:

When an .xpi file (or actually any other zip with custom extension) is highlighted, copy its path (ctrl+c works for me), then go to the location bar (ctrl+l), type zip:// and paste the path. The correct url will be then:

zip:///path/to/file.xpi

After pressing enter Krusader will open the zip file and show its contents.


You could install Ubuntu inst 12.04 or 13.04.  But I recommend that you install Xubuntu 13.04.

  Xubuntu is an elegant and easy-to-use operating system. Xubuntu comes
  with Xfce, which is a stable, light and configurable desktop
  environment.

  Xubuntu is perfect for those who want the most out of their desktops,
  laptops and netbooks with a modern look and enough features for
  efficient, daily usage. It works well on older hardware too.Xubuntu

You can download the DVD Here  Once downloaded you can burn the ISO to DVD, and boot from it, or create a bootable USB flash drive.  To burn the DVD you can use ImgBurn, and for the USB you can use UNetbootin.


Running Scheduled Task - .sh file not working

It has been a while but I did get it to work.  At this point I don't quite remember how.  I think I had issues with the file changing to a non executable. See below

#!/bin/sh
/usr/bin/find /home/foscam/FI9803P_C4D655404959/record/ -type f -mtime +3 -exec mv '{}' /home/dan/Foscam/Week_2/ \;
/usr/bin/find /home/dan/Foscam/Week_2/ -type f -mtime +6 -exec mv '{}' /home/dan/Foscam/Week_3/ \;
/usr/bin/find /home/dan/Foscam/Week_3/ -type f -mtime +9 -exec mv '{}' /home/dan/Foscam/Week_4/ \;
/usr/bin/find /home/dan/Foscam/Week_4/ -type f -mtime +13 -exec rm -f {} \;


I had this issue when trying to run an old app on Ubuntu 18.04. The workaround that I used was to create a symbolic link named libXp.so.6 pointing to file libXpm.so.4.11.0

Search for the package containing the file pattern libXpm

sudo dpkg -S libXpm
libxpm4:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXpm.so.4
libxpm4:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXpm.so.4.11.0

Then install the found package - libxpm4 (if not already installed)

sudo apt-get install libxpm4

Create the symbolic link:

cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu

ls -l libXp*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    16 Dec 22  2016 libXpm.so.4 -> libXpm.so.4.11.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72520 Dec 22  2016 libXpm.so.4.11.0

sudo ln -s libXpm.so.4.11.0 libXp.so.6

ls -l libXp*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    16 Dec 22  2016 libXpm.so.4 -> libXpm.so.4.11.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72520 Dec 22  2016 libXpm.so.4.11.0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    16 Nov  7 18:25 libXp.so.6 -> libXpm.so.4.11.0

If it's still worth for anybody...


It seems to be a Linux kernel bug.
We roll back to the 2.6.38 and everything is fine again.
To do that, we just installed Grub Customizer [French link]

Also it should be possible to remove old unused Linux Kernel Headers like this [English link]


How to kill a process and keep it killed so it cannot come back?

Maybe you can use my method. Each time when i want end all game and steam, I use this command.

pkill -9 -f steam


Is there a good Ambience theme for Xubuntu (XFCE, XFWM)?

I just made a theme that imitate exactly Ambiance theme used in Ubuntu, and built for Xubuntu. Check it out: http://xfce-look.org/content/show.php?content=141027


What repositories are you using for 10.10 software?

The getdeb repositories (and playdeb ones) for sure : go there to see more, it's better to see it yourself !  : http://www.getdeb.net/welcome/


Installed Ubuntu 14.04 now can't boot windows 10

Try it with Super GRUB 2 disk.

You can download it from here.

Then install it in a USB using Unetbootin Now you could restart your system and make sure it is set in the boot option menu.


Is there any software application for Ubuntu like RAMDisk by Dataram?

It is built into Ubuntu. For a RAM disk, do this:

sudo mkdir /mnt/ramdisk
sudo chmod 777 /mnt/ramdisk
sudo mount -t tmpfs -o size=256M tmpfs /mnt/ramdisk/

This will give you a 256M RAM disk mounted at /mnt/ramdisk.


screen garbled after suspend when not using unity

Your issue doesn't specify any hardware types. If you are using Intel graphics, it might be Bug #1452318


How do I edit applications panel menu in Lubuntu?

If you want to edit menu entries, the program you want to use is alacarte. Do not waste your time in xml files. Alacarte is the best graphical menu editor for all gtk based menu systems.

sudo apt-get install alacarte

Note/update: alacarte (Main Menu editor) does not work in 12.04 or 12.10 Lubuntu


Remember that linux/unix is case-sensitive, so apache2 is not the same as Apache2

Try

sudo apt-get install apache2

Then it should start right after you install it

sudo service apache2 status

If stopped

sudo service apache2 start


Press Ctrl+Alt+F2. It will then ask you for your username. Type in your username. It will then ask you for your password. Type in your password. You are using a virtual terminal when you press Ctrl+Alt+F2.
Same thing happens with Ctrl+Alt+F2-6. Ctrl+Alt+F7 brings you back to the GUI.
Try running  sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm in the virtual terminal. Then select the option that you aren't using. After that, do sudo shutdown now -r. That will restart your PC. It should work now. If it still doesn't work, follow the steps in the 1st paragraph, then go to the 4th paragraph.
After you reboot and are in the virtual terminal again, type sudo lightdm or sudo  followed by the other option from the sudo dpkg-reconfigure command, then follow the step in the 2nd paragraph. The login screen should be there now.


I want to extend root partition but unallocated space is on the left side of the root partition

Before you extend the partition, you can move it to the left.  This is done by selecting Resize/Move, and then clicking the coloured element that represents the data, and dragging it to the left.

In order to move or resize the root partition, you'll have to load Linux without loading/mounting the root partition.  You can do this by loading up a LiveCD of Ubuntu (or others, like Gparted) and use the tools on the LiveCD to move the partitions.

The easiest way to do this is the find the CD or USB you used to install Ubuntu and boot from that.  Do not re-install or install Ubuntu, just use the LiveCD to fix your partitions, and reboot.


You need to install the VirtualBox guest additions. Start Windows in your Virtualbox, and from the Virtualbox menu select "Devices -> Install guest additions"

Guest additions allow you a more seamless integration with the Linux desktop. Not only will you be able to have a better resolution and automatically adjust the resolution to the X window size, but in addition your mouse pointer will no longer be trapped by the Windows host, you will be able to share folders and more. See here.


Why is /tmp getting cleaned out in Ubuntu 15.04?

I fixed this by creating the file /etc/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf containing:

# Override cleaning of /tmp in vendor /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf,
# as documented in tmpfiles.d(5), for Kubuntu 15.04 and above that
# use systemd.  First char is 'd', instead of 'D', to avoid cleaning.

d /tmp 1777 root root -


Ubuntu 12.04 Installer doesn't recognize other OS

You should shutdown Windows 8.1.

At default setting, Windows 8 is just hibernating.
I think your Win OS is hibernated so the disk is still mounted at the Windows side.
Get in to the power settings and set the appropriate checkbox.
This video link can be useful.


How to build the latest curl from sources to allow downloading files via sftp?

Note: Installing software from a third-party source is a safety risk. Make sure you trust the sources before following these steps.

First, you'll need libssh installed.
You'll need a tarball, e.g.
https://www.libssh2.org/download/libssh2-1.8.2.tar.gz

Extact and install it via:
cd libssh2-1.8.1
./configure
make
sudo make install

Secondly, make sure to uninstall your existing curl:
sudo apt purge curl

I have read that it is also recommended to uninstall the curl libs, e.g. libcurl3-gnutls, BUT I noticed that it has many dependencies I did not want to lose, so I kept it. So be careful about the uninstallation process.
And third, in order to build curl from the sources, clone the curl project:
$ git clone https://github.com/curl/curl.git

I compiled it with commit hash b8f760319668548d93ab0c023633293514d8137, please bear that in mind if you have problems with the current master.
That repository contains a GIT-INFO file with useful information on how to build it and it may be useful to have a look into it, as the process may change in the future.
What worked for me was to build it via:
./buildconf
./configure
./configure --disable-libcurl-option --disable-shared --with-libssh2=/usr/local
make
sudo make install

(curl supports uninstallation via sudo make uninstall. Useful if you having problems or what to try out different flags.)
I didn't use shared libraries as I noticed that curl was having problems finding certain curl-own commands and failed when tryin to run it, e.g. I saw errors like:
curl: symbol lookup error: curl: undefined symbol: curl_url_cleanup
curl: error while loading shared libraries: libcurl.so.4: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Yet with the above mentioned approach I have now a working curl supporting sftp, since sftp shows up within the supported protocols:
$ curl -V
curl 7.64.1-DEV (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.64.1-DEV OpenSSL/1.1.0g zlib/1.2.11 libssh2/1.8.1
Release-Date: [unreleased]
Protocols: dict file ftp ftps gopher http https imap imaps pop3 pop3s rtsp scp sftp smb smbs smtp smtps telnet tftp
Features: AsynchDNS HTTPS-proxy IPv6 Largefile libz NTLM NTLM_WB SSL TLS-SRP UnixSockets

and I can confirm that it downloads file from sftp servers.

Sources: I found about the necessary steps via:

https://curl.haxx.se/docs/install.html
http://andrewberls.com/blog/post/adding-sftp-support-to-curl
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/shammer/20161110/p1


Why do some indicator icons have gtk2 and gtk3 versions, while others have only a single version that works with both libraries?

The reason is that indicators like indicator-cpufreq and indicator-weather use an abstraction provided by indicator-application, which also has a gtk2 version. The gtk2 versions are slowly being phased out, but some still remain.


You can view your internal drives for windows with a few configurations.

Update first - sudo apt-get update
Install ntfs-3g - sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g
Make a Directory for windows mount-point - sudo mkdir /media/Windows
Check the partition where windows was installed - sudo fdisk -l
(look for the system it should say /dev/sda2 HFPS/NTFS)
Use ntfs-3g - sudo ntfs-3g /dev/sda5 /media/Windows
(Apply respectively to your Windows partition Assuming /dev/sda5 up to /dev/sda8)

Depends on which drive of your windows you need and make sure to create separate mount-points respectively

This should allow you to mount your windows partition and access to it. if you are done its safer to unmount it

Unmount - sudo umount /media/***

Hope this helps


There's no need to jump through hoops to accomplish this. All you really need is zeroconf Available in the Universe repository for all currently supported versions of Ubuntu.

zeroconf provides APIPA:

  Short for Automatic Private IP Addressing, a feature of later Windows
     operating systems. With APIPA, DHCP clients can automatically
     self-configure an IP address and subnet mask when a DHCP server isn't
     available. When a DHCP client boots up, it first looks for a DHCP
     server in order to obtain an IP address and subnet mask. If the client
     is unable to find the information, it uses APIPA to automatically
     configure itself with an IP address from a range that has been
     reserved especially for Microsoft. The IP address range is 169.254.0.1
     through 169.254.255.254. The client also configures itself with a
     default class B subnet mask of 255.255.0.0. A client uses the
     self-configured IP address until a DHCP server becomes available.

  APIPA is meant for nonrouted small business environments, usually less
     than 25 clients.

Source: Memory and https://lists.debian.org/debian-russian/2005/11/msg00064.html

For further details regarding zeroconf see http://www.zeroconf.org/

(RFC 3927) specifies how IP hosts can assign addresses in the absence of outside configuration information. That means assigning addresses without depending on information entered by a human user, and without depending on information obtained over the network from a special server, such as a DHCP server.

You may also find this useful.


I end up adding a ExecStartPre line to check for default display manager on legacy settings /etc/X11/default-display-manager, now it's working well:

/lib/systemd/system/sddm.service

[Unit]
Description=Simple Desktop Display Manager
Documentation=man:sddm(1) man:sddm.conf(5)
After=systemd-user-sessions.service getty@tty1.service plymouth-quit.service

[Service]
ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c '[ "$(basename $(cat /etc/X11/default-display-manager 2>/dev/null))" = "sddm" ]'
ExecStart=/usr/bin/sddm
Restart=always
#PrivateTmp=yes

[Install]
Alias=display-manager.service
WantedBy=graphical.target

Reference: Copied from /lib/systemd/system/lightdm.service

I'm not familiar with systemd, so no idea why sddm was started on boot. I have gdm too, it does not start by itself.

Update: I Could find a related bug report

Launchpad Bug-report #1446760: SDDM and LightDM can run at the same time


Disable screen locking with xubuntu 20.04 and lightdm

Ok, I think I found it. What's up with two screen-locking settings?


As Salem said in this comment, you should use:

sudo -i
gedit /etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.conf

to open in a GUI editor.

Or

sudo vi /etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.conf

to edit right in terminal.


How to make a dependency to the latest version of boost?

libboost-system1.49.0 is available only for vesions Ubuntu 12.10 or later.(See this). liba avilable for 12.10 is liba52-0.7.4. (see this). Reason for libboost-system1.49 is not available may be you are running on a older Ubuntu version.

You can download libboost-system1.49.0 .deb package for Ubuntu 11.10 from Launchpad

You can also download libboost-system1.49.0 .deb package for Ubuntu 12.04 from Launchpad


Changing brightness in Samsung N140 Plus

An Italian user, Voria, is maintaining a ppa with all the patches needed to make Ubuntu fully working on Samsung laptops. Here you can find more details about this ppa and packages in it. I have successfully applied this on a Samsung R519.
In particular samsung-backlight and samsung-tools are most important packages to have everything working (brightness, wireless switch, external monitor, touchpad switch and so on).


How to get the "name" of the key combination (keybind key) for the Openbox config file

I am not on a notebook right now and can't test if this works for Fn-combinations but I generally use xev for getting the appropriate keycodes:

xev | sed -ne '/^KeyPress/,/^$/p'

This should launch a window:

Keys pressed while the window is in focus will be printed to the command output. E.g. for left Win/Super:

KeyPress event, serial 42, synthetic NO, window 0x5000001,
    root 0x2d1, subw 0x0, time 42368858, (158,73), root:(934,383),
    state 0x0, keycode 133 (keysym 0xffeb, Super_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

If you wanted to assign this key to an openbox shortcut you would use Super_L (third line, second item in brackets).

xev is part of the x11-utils package and should be preinstalled on Ubuntu.


My Android device will not show up on my Ubuntu PC

You have to follow a below procedure to share contents between Ubuntu to Nexus 7.

Install the necessary tools using terminal.

sudo apt-get install mtp-tools mtpfs

Connect your Galaxy Nexus to your computer. On your phone, open up the notification drawer, and click on “USB Connection type”. Make sure that MTP is selected.

Type these commands in terminal:

mtp-detect | grep idVendor
mtp-detect | grep idProduct

The output of these commands should give you idVendor and idProduct. Note down the values given, as you'll need them later.

Run this command in terminal:

gksu gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules

A Gedit window should open. Simply Copy and paste below line.

SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”VENDORID”, ATTR{idProduct}==”PRODUCTID”, MODE=”0666″

Replace VENDORID and PRODUCTID with the idVendor and idProduct you had noted down earlier in Gedit.

Save and close the file. Then, disconnect your phone and run these commands:

sudo service udev restart
sudo mkdir /media/GalaxyNexus
sudo chmod a+rwx /media/GalaxyNexus
sudo adduser YOURUSERNAME fuse

Replace YOURUSERNAME with your Ubuntu user name. Now, run this command:

gksu gedit /etc/fuse.conf

In the Gedit window, remove the # at the beginning of the last line.

You’re almost done! Now, restart your computer, and then run these three commands:

echo "alias android-connect=\"mtpfs -o allow_other /media/GalaxyNexus\"" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "alias android-disconnect=\"fusermount -u /media/GalaxyNexus\"" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

Again, do re-type the quotes in each command after you’ve copied, otherwise the command won’t work.

Connect your phone again, and then make sure your phone is using MTP, then run this command:

android-connect

You will able to connect the Nexus 7 your to your Ubuntu computer.


Why does GParted force 1Mb "Free Space Preceeding"?

The reason for GParted to reserve 1MB free space preceding when creating the first partition in your USB stick is because an MBR partition table must be placed in order to store information about the partitions created on the USB stick.

A classical generic MBR includes:

446 bytes of bootstrap code area;
4 partition entries, each occupys 16 bytes; and
2 bytes of boot signature.

Since GParted (and most partition editors) supports MB division only, it will choose to reserve 1 MB space for storing the partition table – which after creating the first partition, the preceding space won't be shown up in the GParted GUI.


Sure there is a way to allocate more disk space for Ubuntu. Place your Live Cd into your CD/DVD drive boot from it until you reach the desktop. Now load up Gparted. this is a partition manager. you will see your partitions on your HD. Ok now move your mouse over to the windows partition and resize it. No biggie eh? You now have more Linux room. Just one more thing I would ask are you using this extra room for data or a swap file? if so you might want to make this extra room as a data partition so that it can be accessed by both Windows and Linux that way neither OP system loses the HD space.... Hope this helps.


Sound drivers should be detected automatically by Ubuntu although sometimes one of the channels is muted which causes nothing to play...

Go into Terminal and type:   sudo apt-get pavucontrol

This will install a much better volume/sound manager that you can play with which will let you set up your sound driver a little easier...


Why cron adds question mark after log file name

As stevieb suggested in the comment above, you seem to have a carriage return at the end of your crontab line.

Here’s a recipe to get rid of it using the editor vi. The following command will open the crontab for editing in vi:

VISUAL=$(which vi) EDITOR=$(which vi) crontab -e

Now enter :%s/\r$// and press Enter. That should remove all the carriage return characters at line ends. Then enter :wq, again followed by pressing Enter. That should save the crontab and quit the editor.


Syntax error: EOF in backquote substitution

You'll need to check your crontab(5) man page. Some implementations of cron will use % as a newline in the command field, so you can pass data to the command on stdin

* * * * * >$HOME/cron.cat.out cat%hello%world

Then "cron.cat.out" contains 2 lines:

hello
world

You'll need

to escape your percent signs
I recommend using $() instead of backticks
Quote the "$OUT" -- always quote your variables unless you need the specific side-effects of leaving them unquoted.

@hourly     OUT=$(/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_disk --include-type=ext4 --warning=10\% --critical=5\%) || echo "$OUT"
# ...................................................................................^..............^


Passing a JAR to the Java runtime for Burpsuite

That would be:

java -jar /home/$USER/BurpSuiteCommunity/burpsuite_community.jar

I user $USER here; That is a variable that will change it into the current username. echo $USER will show you what this is. You can change that for your actual user name if you want.

This ...

/path/to/burpSuite.jar

you are suppose to change to your situation.


After Nvidia driver install, LightDM won't start automatically

I had a very similiar problem just a few minutes ago: I downloaded the current driver from nvidia support site. Installation script run without problems. However, the boot process stopped shortly after the message for starting lightdm.

The machine was completely unresponsive, only frozen black screen with the [Starting] messages. Fortunately the network was working and I could log in remotely with ssh.

/var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log revealed that the X server exited with an error.
/var/log/lightdm/x-0.org complained about different versions of the nvidia driver and the nvidia kernel module.

I reinstalled the nvidia driver from ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current
sudo reboot

Everything works fine again, but of course it's still the old driver.


The Problem

It sounds like your office likes blocking IRC. It makes sense. It's distracting.

The Solution

Method 1: Using a VPN
Proxies/VPNs are the greatest friends of students and employees trying to skip content filtering systems. However, many places have policies against using proxies/VPNs which can get you suspended or fired, respectively. I AM NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR JOB LOSS. There are many ways to implement a proxy/VPN:
Method 1a: Using a Rented/Free VPN
Many times, you can just use a rented or free VPN to do the job quickly and easily.  Simply find one you like, type it in as the system VPN (network settings), and you're good to go! Some good ones I've heard about are FreeVPN.me and VPNBook. Your milage may vary.
Method 1b: Using your home PC
If you have server skills, you can set up a VPN at home to host stuffs. However, this may cause issues. Namely, slow internet and packet loss. There are many ways to do this, and there are too many to list here. Google "How to host a vpn server ubuntu" and you'll get ~730,000 results.
Method 1c: Using DD-WRT
If you have DD-WRT, you can set up a proxy server at your home. The relevant options are under Services > VPN. Choose PPTP or OpenVPN, they both work well at giving you your IRC fix.

Method 2: Find a way around
Most places I've worked or learned only had hostname/port blocking. Try using weird port numbers that are allowed, as well as using IP addresses. There is usually SOME combination that works. (My old school completely blocked HTTPS after seeing how that allows you to jump out of the filter).

Method 3: Visit your SysAdmin
Chances are, your sysadmin is human. You can go talk to him and try to get him to unblock IRC. He might just do it. Also, most IT guys are suckers for free lunches. Bring him a lunch. You'll be on his good side FAST. IT guys are usually nice anyways. Your mileage might vary though.

Method 4: Online IRC
Just use a web-IRC client. No software, no mess. And the best part is, you can just use those free online proxies to get at em.

Method 5: STOP COMPLAINING
There is obviously a reason why IRC is blocked. Just do your work and get your paycheck. IRC at home.


External links are opened as blank tabs in new browser window in firefox

I've had the same problem for years and was finally able to solve it thanks to this strange new fashion of creating YouTube videos instead of writing a blog post (here is the original video).

Basically, you need to add a missing %u parameter in ~/.local/share/applications/firefox.desktop at the end of each Exec= line:

$ grep -B 2 ^Exec= ~/.local/share/applications/firefox.desktop
Keywords=Internet;WWW;Browser;Web;Explorer
Keywords[fr]=...
Exec=firefox %u
--
Name=Open a New Window
Name[fr]=...
Exec=firefox -new-window %u
--
Name=Open a New Private Window
Name[fr]=...
Exec=firefox -private-window %u


When I unplug my USB HD via "Safely Remove" my system hangs

This is a known bug that has been fixed in a kernel upgrade. The upgrade has not yet been released though likely will be in the next couple of weeks or so. (currently in oneiric-proposed for testing of the 'whole' of the upgrade, not just this one issue.

bug specific to this issue
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/844957

tracking bug
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/868628


14.04 login loop after cuda installation

1- First, you must uninstall nvidia packages. apt-get purge nvidia-*
2- Try re-install ubuntu-desktop.
3- Reconfigure lightdm package. (dpkg-reconfigure lightdm)
4- Reboot

It must work, if not; try modprobe nouveau to load nouveau kernel module


Found the problem. What I needed to do was change the driver I was using to the X.org Nouveau driver. For anyone else experiencing this issue you can change that in "Additional Drivers"

For others:
I am using an Alienware M14x with nVidia GeForce GTX 765M.


how to integrate outlook 2003 pst file to thunderbird

I just tried installing the pst plugin myself. It turns out it's too old. So I guess you'll have to use readpst.

The following instructions are taken directly from here

Open the file manager and navigate to the directory where your pst archive is located
right-click somewhere in the directory and select "open in terminal"
in the terminal run:

(just copy these 2 commands and paste them into the terminal with Ctrl-Shift-v)

create dir for your exported mail

 mkdir pst-export

export the pst archive

readpst -D -M -b -e -o pst-export name_of_your_archive.pst

Make sure you change name_of_your_archive.pst to the correct file name.

open thunderbird
go to Tools > Add ons
in the search bar type: "import export"

install the importexport tools
you will be asked to restart thunderbird -> do so
right-click your mail account folder and create a new folder (temporary) where you want your outlook mails to go to.

right-click the new folder and choose import/export >  import all messages from a directory >  also from its subdirectories
finally choose the directory where you exported your pst archive to. In this case: pst-export

this will take a while. When it's done you can move the emails to any directory you want. Hope this helps.


Will Ubuntu minimal cd install ubuntu-desktop on release upgrade or just installed packages?

The minimal CD is not intended for release upgrading, it's intended for installing the base system + whatever packages you need, including ubuntu-desktop. If the installation is upgraded, it affects the installed packages, regardless of whether the installation is a server or a desktop.


Tether mobile phone to laptop using Bluetooth

What you are looking for is "reverse tethering".

I dont believe it has been done through bluetooth yet, but there's a solution that works well if you are willing to connect your phone with usb.

Find all related software and documentation here:

http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1371345


www.domain.net works but domain.net does not? Apache2 .conf files

You should define two separate Virtual Hosts. They could be defined into a separate configuration files or both could be defined within the same configuration file. Let's assume we want both Virtual Hosts to be defined within the configuration file 000-default.conf, so (according to your pastebin) its content must look like this:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin admin@kofgaming.net

    ServerName kofgaming.net
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/kofgaming
    <Directory /var/www/html/kofgaming>
        AllowOverride All
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin admin@kofgaming.net

    ServerName www.kofgaming.net
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/www.kofgaming
    <Directory /var/www/html/www.kofgaming>
        AllowOverride All
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Don't forget to restart Apache after changing of the configuration.


Determining Where Failure Occurs
If your system fails to shut down, and the last text you see tells you that it is trying to unload a particular kernel module (or perform any other particular task), and there is no indication to the right of it, on the same line, that it succeeded or failed, then the problem is almost certainly with that specific action, and not with whatever comes next. In this situation, you can report a bug documenting the failure of the kernel module to unload.
Reporting a Bug Affecting a Kernel Module
If you have a bug that is due kernel modules provided by a particular, non-kernel package, you can report the bug against that package. If there is actually a kernel service running (ps ax shows kernel threads as well as normal processes) for the module, which you believe is causing the problem, then you can run ubuntu-bug with its PID if you can run ubuntu-bug at all.
Since you likely cannot run any commands in this situation, and since there is often no running process that is clearly responsible, after rebooting, you should instead run:
ubuntu-bug packagename
Here, that's somewhat difficult--the VirtualBox userspace program is provided by virtualbox. VirtualBox kernel modules for virtualization hosts are typically built from source, which is provided by virtualbox-dkms.
I would report this bug against virtualbox-dkms (assuming VirtualBox compiled and installed kernel modules on your machine). The technical details of the bug would likely indicate what package is best, and it is not always practical to determine what package a bug is best considered to affect, before reporting the bug. So you do your best. It can always be changed later on Launchpad, either by you or by someone else (usually a triager or developer).
If you wanted to report a bug against a kernel module that ships with the kernel, you could report it against linux:
ubuntu-bug linux


laptop boots like lubuntu when i installed lxde and lubuntu desktop environment in ubuntu 16.04 LTS

sudo apt-get install --reinstall unity-greeter usually gives results.
However, if that fails, try

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

else using lightdm.conf,

gksudo gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

In [SeatDefaults], change the settings to read like this -

user-session=ubuntu
greeter-session=unity-greeter

The last option is quite dangerous and I recommend that you don't use it unless you're absolutely confident that you can pull it off


Is it possible to mount and unmout network shares through file manager?

If you have installed nautilus then Open Nautilus, go to "File"->"Connect to Server". By giving proper arguments you can mount it in your filesystem


If your Ubuntu is running in low graphics. try thi
Run Ubuntu in normal mode. when it shows low graphic error, use CTRL+ALT+F1 to enter into login terminal. Use your credentials to login. then run these commands.

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop
sudo reboot


Well, after almost three days of headbanging into the wall I managed to solve this. To be honest I might have never solved it if occasionally hadn't installed the COdesourcery toolchain with executable installer which they also provide. After doing that the manually unpacked version started to execute! This of course led to a conclusion that there were libraries missing. I tried to reproduce the problem on separate virtual machine and voila, here are couple of words that solved the whole issue:

sudo apt-get install lib32z1 lib32ncurses5 lib32bz2-1.0

Hope this will help someone, and thanks to everyone who tried to help!


Ubuntu 20.04 briefly displays screen contents when waking up

If you are using Xorg, it may help to switch to Wayland.
According to comment #19 of Launchpad Bug 1280300...

X11 [...] is the major reason why screen locking will never work reliably as long as we haven't switched to Wayland [...].

I just did a few quick tests in Ubuntu 24.01.

The issue was present when using Xorg.
But the problem went away when I switched to Wayland.

To use Wayland on Ubuntu 24.04 follow these instructions:

Execute:
sudo apt install gnome-session-wayland

Edit /etc/gdm3/custom.conf
Ensure the following line is commented as shown:
#WaylandEnable=false

Edit /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/61-gdm.rules
Comment out all lines (i.e. make sure each line begins with a # symbol).

Execute:
sudo systemctl restart gdm3

On the GDM Login screen, click your user name

Before entering the password, click on the gear icon at the bottom right corner of the screen

Select "Ubuntu on Wayland"

Enter your password and press Enter

Subsequent logins will automatically log you into the Wayland session, so you do not need to repeat these steps again (unless you switch to Xorg).


How do I create a USB Startup Disk with the nvidia drivers installed?

I asked one of the installer maintainers of an easy way to do this and he mentioned to me that you should be able to create a USB stick, then boot off of it, and then plug in another USB stick and install from the first stick onto the second one.

After that boot off the first stick and then you can do what you want to it, like  installing nvidia/ATI drivers.

I tried it with a nightly ISO but never got the 2nd stick to boot but it should be possible if someone wants to try it out. If someone can get this working I think it would really help 11.04 testing.


windows/mac users often cannot see that I added them to skype

I've had it a few years back from Windows to Windows on the same LAN, so has nothing to do with Ubuntu/Windows/Mac. (probably a regression)

Back then the solution was: Delete user from both sides at the same time, restart Skype on both PC's and let the other one invite you now...  (When sitting next to each other, that's easy, but you're going to have a few expensive phone calls to make)


Here is an example about what you can do:

#!/bin/bash

while true; do
    if [ -t 0 ]; then stty -echo -icanon time 0 min 0; fi

    keypress=''
    while [ "x$keypress" = "x" ]; do
        #do something... in your case:
        php app.php
        #end of 'do something'

        read keypress
    done

    if [ -t 0 ]; then stty sane; fi

    echo "You pressed '$keypress' for pause."
    read -p 'Press [Enter] key to continue or [Ctrl+C] to finish...'
done

To pause you can press any key without Enter. To continue you must to press Enter. To finish you must to press Ctrl+C.

If you run the script in background using:

nohup <name_of_script> &

you can stop it using the following commands:

ps -ef | grep <name_of_script> #to find the pid of the running script
kill -9 <pid_of_your_running_script>


Seagate IronWolf drive periodic clicking sound under Ubuntu 20.04

Here is a possible explanation, and a viable approach to take about it:

"Could it be just an initialization phase of the hard drive?" — right, I believe it's called ext4 filesystem ("lazy") initialization. When you format a disk for ext4 filesystem, the default behavior is that the initial formatting happens fast, but then the initial journaling needs to get completed later, throughout idle times; it can last a few hours (or who knows how long...).
But it's possible to initiate an ext4 filesystem in such way that the initialization happens up front: the process will take longer that way, but no subsequent "lazy" process will be necessary afterwards.
Identification of the process:
I don't remember how the journaling process was called, but I have at least found now that I have identified the culprit with iotop (and web-searched it later, to find about the laziness and its countermeasures):
sudo apt install iotop
sudo iotop -o

Update: from this article, I have learned that the process might be called ext4lazyinit.
Stop being lazy:
So when I found my brand new disk lazy-initing, I did not wait for that to finish; rather, following unmounting the partition, I have re-created the filesystem on it anew, as per the arguments presented below:
sudo mkfs -t ext4 -L some_label -E lazy_itable_init=0,lazy_journal_init=0 /dev/sdxX

(For the record, this destroys all data on the partition that you had already copied onto it.)


Open BASH Shell Script files without terminal

Go to Edit > Preferences > Behavior and check the option "Run executable text files when they are opened"


Gnome Evolution constantly asks for granting Google access

This is a known bug which happens to appear randomly for some users on different Ubuntu editions since a long time ago and here are some examples of already existing bug reports :

Need to authorize my Google account each time I boot the computer
Authorization keeps having to be re-entered
Google account keeps losing authorization

In many of the cases it is related to the account-plugin-google and the evolution-data-server packages which may be solved by upgrading to newer packages from the proposed repositories. Example : Temporarily enable trusty-proposed - upgrade relevant packages

Unfortunately there is no guaranty that it solves the problem. As a workaround you have to either logout and back in or reboot the system, which mostly leads to correctly connecting.

You should file a new bug report on Launchpad - just as being suggested lately by Alberto Mardegan to a user who informed about the exactly same issue occuring in Ubuntu 16.10.


Install Windows 7 from USB in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

As I said on comments, the question is Off-Topic, but since you want help with gparted, which is a GNOME partition-editing application run on Linux, I guess I can help you a bit.

In order to make a new OS Installation, you need to keep the EFI System Partition and delete everything else: linux-swap and ext4 (Win7). Then, you should have EFI and unallocated space (NOT unformatted).

Unfortunately, I can't help you any further. Google is your best friend.


Does ubuntu laptop needs to be shutdown ? or it can be running all the time?

do I need to shut down this computer?

No. You could use hibernate.

Or it can be running all the time?

In theory yes. Linux/Ubuntu is made to run on systems that are on for long periods. The base of Ubuntu is also used for servers and those run several years between reboots.
In regards to notebooks: do consider using hibernation when inactive. It should improve the systems lifespan.


As Videonauth pointed out, a custom installer would be a better solution. You can even make an unattended one so that it just installs without asking a bunch of questions.

With that said, according to some instructions, you can create a custom .img file fairly easily, though it won't be geared toward the hardware on your machine and the partition and so on will be pretty small:

Download an official Ubuntu .iso file that works on the machines you'll be using
Install VirtualBox to your current operating system
Create a virtual machine with an acceptable hard drive size (keep in mind that this should be small enough so that the resulting .img file fits on your installation medium).
Insert the Ubuntu installer .iso file into the virtual DVD drive
Boot the virtual machine
Install Ubuntu onto the virtual machine
Start the virtual Ubuntu machine
Update virtual Ubuntu's Ubuntu packages with:

sudo apt update
sudo apt dist-upgrade

Install packages you want
Configure non-hardware-related things
Get things set up the way you want
Restart the virtual Ubuntu
Shut down the virtual Ubuntu
In the File menu of VirtualBox, select Virtual Media Manager…
Right click on the appropriate hard drive image and select Properties…
Copy down the Location information
Open a command prompt
Create the .img file; in a command prompt on your nonvirtual operating system, run:

cd Desktop
VBoxManage clonehd --format RAW "[hard drive image location]" "[img filename].img"

The .img file should be on your desktop


Method #1 - from NetworkManager's Applet

Try disabling the wireless networking under the Network Applet that's accessible from under the icons in the upper right of your desktop.

NOTE: The networking applet's icon looks like a triangle wedge. The image above is pointing to is as arrow #1. If you click it you should see a menu slide out from where you can disable wireless permanently, arrow #2.

Method #2 - /etc/network/interfaces

From the file /etc/network/interfaces you can specify that NetworkManager shouldn't control the wlan0 interface. To do so simply add this line to the above mentioned file:

iface wlan0 inet manual

Then restart NetworkManager:

$ sudo service network-manager restart

References

How to disable built-in wifi and use only USB wifi card?


alphabetical listing differs among progams

Apparently they use different locales for the LC_COLLATE environment variable, which defines “[h]ow strings (file names...) are alphabetically sorted” (source). You can display available locales for your system with locale -a. The following example shows how you can change the setting for one command only (the test file has your four example filenames), my approach would be to play around with that and define aliases like alias sort="LC_COLLATE=C sort"if necessary:

> sort test # my system standard is LC_COLLATE=de_DE.UTF-8
flop_drop.jpg
flop.jpg
flop_nop.jpg
flop_qrop.jpg
> LC_COLLATE=C sort test
flop.jpg
flop_drop.jpg
flop_nop.jpg
flop_qrop.jpg

This answer to a related question gives a good overview on the locales, where they are defined and how you can change them.

Nautilus however apparently has a bug…

Edit

find seems to ignore a manual setting of LC_COLLATE:

> find . -name "flop*" # my system standard is LC_COLLATE=de_DE.UTF-8
./flop.jpg
./flop_drop.jpg
./flop_qrop.jpg
./flop_nop.jpg
> LC_COLLATE=de_DE.UTF-8 find . -name "flop*"
./flop.jpg
./flop_drop.jpg
./flop_qrop.jpg
./flop_nop.jpg
> LC_COLLATE=en_EN.UTF-8 find . -name "flop*"
./flop.jpg
./flop_drop.jpg
./flop_qrop.jpg
./flop_nop.jpg

I have absolutely no idea why it does behave that way, particularly because its manpage lists LC_COLLATE as used by the program. I'm left speechless here.


Here's how I did it:

1.Download depixel

2.Extract it to a directory

3.Use a terminal to enter it (it should be called "depixel-master"

4.Run the command "python setup.py" as root.

5.Go into "depixel/scripts"

6.Make sure the image you want to use has it's alpha layer removed (You can remove this using GIMP.)

7.Run the command "python depixel_png.py" with the path of your image at the end.

8.Be patient, it might take awhile.


Internet Explorer is just too dependent on a Windows environment to work well with Ubuntu. Even if you somehow manage to install it, you're likely to have a very poor experience: it will crash and do unexpected things constantly. If you call your bank for support, they'll blame it on your environment (and if you tell them you're using Ubuntu they'll just say it's not supported and stop helping you).

Options to install Internet Explorer include Wine (but see this report which shows that the experience is "garbage"), playonlinux (again, the reports show a very poor experience) or this thing called ies4linux (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingInternetExplorer), which installs very old versions of IE which are also likely to be rejected by your bank.

You're likely to have better luck if you install VirtualBox, create a virtual machine, and install Windows with native IE there. I assume you already have a copy of Windows to install.


How do I explain what Ubuntu is to someone who's never heard of it?

work in progress

Introduction

Ubuntu is a free and opensource operating system. It's based on Debian and runs the Linux Kernel.

Terminal

One of the upsides with being based of Debian is that you have access to the apt-get system. This means that you can easily install and remove applications via the command line. This system is the same for a server and a desktop.

If I'm new to Ubuntu why should I learn some basic commands, why not just use the GUI?

Because most things are easier and faster to do via the terminal. Things like installing and removing software it's just sudo apt-get install packagename to install an application and to remove just type sudo apt-get remove packagename. Doing the same in the GUI involves more steps and takes more time.
Don't enter a command you don't understand. If you don't understand it then you don't know when it's going wrong and what can happen when it does. Look up the command you want to use before entering it. You can use man command to find out what it does, like man apt-get.

If you prefer to manage programs via the GUI instead I would start with the Software Center, more information can be found here.

Server or Desktop?

Every release of Ubuntu comes as two different types:

One is the server version, which installs without a GUI (Graphical User
Interface). The server can run on any system that meet the minimum
system requirements.
The other version is the Desktop which comes with a GUI and the basic
applications that you need. The Ubuntu desktop ahs higher minimum
system requirements than the server since it runs with a GUI and it
comes with more applications pre-installed.

Wait, there are also different versions depending on the hardware you have.

32-bit or 64-bit?

The two most used are the 32-bit and 64-bit. but there are more specific versions like the PPC Power PC version and the minimal install. These also come as server and Desktop edition.

64-bit -  Is the one you should use if you have a newer computer, this is the general recommendation because it works for all new computers. but if you have an older computer and aren't sure if your processor support the 64-bit version. Either lookup your computer and find out if it supports 64-bit or choose the 32-bit version.
32-bit - This version is support by all computers that runs the x86 platform, which is all intels and AMD processors.
PowerPC - The PPC version isn't officially supported anymore and is only released by enthusiasts, so this version may come out at a later time than the 32-bit and 64-bit version. There is no guarantee that it will be released at all.
Minimal install - It only consists of the necessary packages to start the installation, it will download the rest of the packages while installing, thus it requires an internet connection.

What is normal release and LTS release?

There are two types of releases, one is the Long term support (LTS) that is released every 2 year and is supported for 5 years. The LTS is aimed to be stable and doesn't therefor come with the latest software. It's a system that desire stability and

The LTS release schedule can be found here.

The other version is the normal release, it follows the LTS but it comes with all the latest software. this is the version for anyone who wants the latest software but also want a stable system. The normal release is released every 6 month, and has an Alpha and Beta release.

But the Alpha and Beta are unstable and is only to be used if you can live with crashes.

More information can be found here:

How do I find out which version and derivative of Ubuntu is right for my hardware in terms of minimal system requirements?
How do I install Ubuntu?


Is there anyway to run this command automatically when system boots up

What is a login or non-login shell?

  When you login (type username and password) via console, either
  sitting at the machine, or remotely via ssh: .bash_profile is executed
  to configure your shell before the initial command prompt.

  But, if you’ve already logged into your machine and open a new
  terminal window (xterm) inside Gnome or KDE, then .bashrc is executed
  before the window command prompt. .bashrc is also run when you start a
  new bash instance by typing /bin/bash in a terminal.

  Why two different files?

  Say, you’d like to print some lengthy diagnostic information about
  your machine each time you login (load average, memory usage, current
  users, etc). You only want to see it on login, so you only want to
  place this in your .bash_profile. If you put it in your .bashrc, you’d
  see it every time you open a new terminal window.

That was an excerpt from a blog post that might help you. .bash_profile vs .bashrc


You can first install ubuntu-desktop by running the following command in the terminal:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

Then, please reboot your system and try to update again by running the following command in the terminal:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade


Fixed it by just deleting everything located in persistent-net rules:

sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

and then rebooting

explanation as to why this is so can be found here


Kodi app only does not appear on HDMI attached TV, other apps OK

The drivers for Intel Graphics HD 2000 and HD 3000 are in the kernel of Ubuntu, so to adjust the video parameters, you go to Settings then choose Display.

Also, a bad HDMI cable can cause this, because with Kodi, you are often watching DRM protected content, and bad HDMI cables don't always provide the connection required.


You should not have created the Release.key file inside of the /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory, but from your home directory, as shown in the screenshot. Please remove that file to get rid of the errors regarding the file extension.

Furthermore, you should run apt-get update after adding the owncloud repository. The screenshot just shows that the repository and it's key are added to apt, but that doesn't yet index the packages it holds.


WUBI: can't get acces to data drive (D:\)

You wubi partition should be mounted on /host. Open nautilus and go to that directory to see this.
Quoting directly from the FAQ

How do I access the Windows drives?
The Windows partition where you installed Wubi is available as /host within Ubuntu (Places  Computer > File System > Host) All the other partitions will be available under Places > Removable Media


apt-get remove libstdc++-4.8-doc | 101MB will be freed?

It makes sense to me. Debian packaging uses compression (usually Gzip), and a package which is almost entirely text (like doc packages) will high compression ratios. I'm slightly surprised it's only 1:10.

On closer inspection, the HTML documentation included in the package (which are more compete than the man pages) take about 115MB. It includes a lot of images, which might be the reason. Now I am surprised the compression ratio reached 1:10.


SparkleShare: any luck with Ubuntu 18.10?

Here's what I've learned. The new config folder is under ~/.config/org.sparkleshare.SparkleShare, file named "profile.xml".

The file layout is different than old, and the ssh key it creates is under the ssh folder.

It is not possible to manually fiddle the configuration, it seems necessary to run the SparkleShare GUI share configurator.  If you try to edit profile.xml to be what you think you needed in old edition, the GUI will replace your file. I don't know how it knows that you are trying to fool it.

In order for Sparkle to communicate with the host server, it is necessary for you to install that ssh key that was automatically created as an authorized key on the other system. Depending on how other system is set up, that may be easy or hard. My other system was an old Gitlab/gitolite thing and it was difficult to get the key into the .ssh/authorized_keys file in correct format. On my system, that new key had to be placed into the /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys file (my user for gitolite is named "git"). You can inspect the authorized_keys file, see the format of the old entry to make the new one go. Perhaps your setup is not so complicated, maybe you  used that dazzle script or you have a running version of Gitlab.

Second, be aware of the following.  Setting up your old share in the new program will cause a whole new download into a new folder. In the old ~/SparkleShare directory, the Sparkle will create new, different-looking directories. The new format will have the name of the server at the top level under ~/SparkleShare. My old one had 2 shares in 1 server, and the directory names were "work" and "manuscripts" under ~/SparkleShare. After getting the new framework going, the Sparkle created a whole new directory 'server.name.here" (with my server's name, of course) and then it pulled a fresh copy of the repos "work" and "manuscripts". The file space used is smaller because these have less history, I don't know why.

After this, I have a working version of SparkleShare again. In my experience, this new program is a little slower to sync. But it works OK.


It is difficult to impossible to give you advice without you posting your rules. Keep in mind, order of your rules is important.

General advice:

DROP is a poor choice, use REJECT. DROP is no more secure and in no way hides your IP address, the cracking tools are sophisticated enough to determine you are up at your IP address and DROP only then affects legitimate traffic.

Cracking tools are for the most part automated, rude, do not follow nettequate, and do not wait for acknowledgement or for the connection to time out. DROP does not slow them down in any way. crackers will run them in the background or overnight and review the output later, they usually play games while the tools are running.

See -  http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~peterb/network/drop-vs-reject

Never set your default policy to DROP or REJECT. If you flush your rules you will lock yourself out.

Instead, keep your default policy as ACCEPT and add REJECT as the last rule in the chain.

If you have a problem with a command, post the command you ran and output. either copy paste or use pastebinit

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Pastebinit

See also http://bodhizazen.com/Tutorials/iptables

Use iptables persistent to save your rules

iptables resets when server reboots


Dealing strictly with the hwmatch problem look into /etc/grub.d/10_linux and you will find it listed something like this near the bottom (9th line down on this display):

# Use ELILO's generic "efifb" when it's known to be available.
# FIXME: We need an interface to select vesafb in case efifb can't be used.
if [ "x$GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX" != x ] || [ "$gfxpayload_dynamic" = 0 ]; then
  echo "set linux_gfx_mode=$GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX"
else
  cat << EOF
if [ "\${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
  if [ -e \${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
    if hwmatch \${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
      if [ \${match} = 0 ]; then
        set linux_gfx_mode=keep
      else
        set linux_gfx_mode=text
      fi
    else
      set linux_gfx_mode=text
    fi
  else
    set linux_gfx_mode=keep
  fi
else
  set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
EOF
fi

For whatever reason your grub installation is incomplete and missing hwmatch module. You should see it among many other files when you use ll /boot/grub/i386-pc:

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  47292 Dec  5 07:13 hwmatch.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   2928 Dec  5 07:13 iorw.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   8656 Dec  5 07:13 iso9660.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   6168 Dec  5 07:13 jfs.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   6280 Dec  5 07:13 jpeg.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   5112 Dec  5 07:13 keylayouts.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   2044 Dec  5 07:13 keystatus.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   6608 Dec  5 07:13 ldm.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  29816 Dec  5 07:13 legacycfg.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  14536 Dec  5 07:13 legacy_password_test.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   8048 Dec  5 07:13 linux16.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  13184 Dec  5 07:13 linux.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    100 Dec  5 07:13 load.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   5924 Dec  5 07:13 loadenv.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   3056 Dec  5 07:13 loopback.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   4872 Dec  5 07:13 lsacpi.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   2352 Dec  5 07:13 lsapm.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   1884 Dec  5 07:13 lsmmap.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   4136 Dec  5 07:13 ls.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   4928 Dec  5 07:13 lspci.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   6724 Dec  5 07:13 luks.mod
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   6776 Dec  5 07:13 lvm.mod

As per this bug report (bugs.launchpad.net - Ubuntu Upgrade from Lucid to Precise results in broken grub configuration) the easiest way of getting all the grub modules is to reinstall it.

  You should run sudo dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc and instruct it to
  install the boot loader somewhere, probably /dev/vda.

Above is a direct quote from the bug report. As a comment here points out and looking at your link, this should be used instead:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure grub-efi-amd64

However looking at this post (superuser.com - How to reinstall grub2 efi) you must first boot with a live USB/DVD and use:

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt #sda2 is the root partition
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi #sda1 is the efi partition
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/ #makes the network available after chrooting
modprobe efivars # make sure this is loaded
sudo chroot /mnt

The first step is to confirm that the file hwmatch is really missing. If so the easiest method is to simply copy it from:

/usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/hwmatch.mod

into the directory:

/boot/efi/efi/grub

This directory name comes from (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFIBooting) where they say that is "mostly" the directory name. Please confirm for your installation.

The more complicated methods of dpkg-reconfigure should be approached with extreme caution and only after appropriate backups.


I deleted the partition volume where ubuntu 14.04 LTS was installed. now i cant access windows

You are using the wrong command(s) - the correct ones are :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Reference

Note : When you really deleted the Ubuntu system partition, you better should reinstall Ubuntu.


You can try using the Add-On Compatibility Reporter add-on, which disables the version check for add-ons to try out their compatibility with newer versions of Firefox.

The add-on does not solve any of the compatibility problems, it just turns the check for Firefox versions off; if the add-on is indeed incompatible with Firefox 5, then allowing the add-on to run may cause unexpected problems.


Can someone spell out what this wget command to install Heroku toolbelt does?

Like most isolated programs started from a terminal, wget normally will NOT continue running after its parent (terminal) has been closed (via logout, etc. )
-qO- is an abbreviation of the two command line options -q -O-

q tells wget not to output status/progress info
O- tells it to output the downloaded data to standard output

| sh pipes the data from standard output to the sh command, executing the script


Infinite scrolling random numbers on screen after running fsck manually

re: "I was dropped into an initramfs prompt on boot with the message dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root contains a file system with errors, check forced... do a manual fsck."

At the initramfs prompt, type:

fsck -f /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root # check the file system

Update #1:

Note: fsck failed to resolve problems

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
select the "Try Ubuntu" option
once to the desktop, start the Disks app
select the target disk in the left pane
click on the "hamburger" icon and select SMART Data & Tests
take screenshots of the SMART Data and edit them into your question so I can review them
run the SMART tests

Note: SMART Data looks fine. HDD is not suspect at this time

Update #2:

whilst booted to the Ubuntu Live DVD/USB, backup whatever data you might still be able to find, to an external source
start terminal and type: sudo dmidecode -s bios-version and then visit the manufacturer's web site and check for a newer BIOS
start gparted and lay down a fresh GPT partition table (this will wipe the disk)
reinstall Ubuntu (no real need for LVM)
run fsck
restore data
set up Deja Dup (Backups) to backup to an external source (not /home)

Update #3:

Do regular fscks for a while...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
open a terminal window
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/XXXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/XXXX # replacing XXXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot


What is the easiest method to move files into current directory in terminal?

The current directory is ., so you can use:

mv path/to/file .


How do I extract the source MAC from a [UFW BLOCK] entry?

MAC=e8:11:32:cb:d9:42:54:04:a6:ba:22:f8:08:00 can be broken up as

destination MAC (in this case this is the MAC address of your card, since it is an incoming packet): e8:11:32:cb:d9:42
source MAC: 54:04:a6:ba:22:f8
EtherType: 08:00

So if you want to programmatically extract the source MAC you can do something like this:

cat ufw.log | awk '{print $11}' | cut -d ':' -f7-12


nproc produce results inconsistent with hardware report

It is likely that you have: one processor, meaning one physical integrated circuit chip; On that chip, you have 2 cores, each with two threads, for a total of 4 CPUs.


How do I remove manually installed gpu driver in Ubuntu 18.04?

@Karisson, i had the same situation. I've done everything as you. What did the "trick" after all that steps is this command:
$ sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
Rebooted the system and i was able to use the proprietary Nvidia driver again.


So, i have to admit, i don't understand why this fixes the problem but if i move out

/etc/resolvconf/update-libc.d/sendmail
/etc/resolvconf/update-libc.d/postfix

to let's say my home directory, and reboot, then everything is fine.

I would still like to have an explanation of why that happened and what these 2 files do in particular.


This issue was not present on 16.04. The LCD automatically turned off on the laptop after period of time but if lid closed went to sleep.

I resolved this issue for my Lenovo T410 as after I installed 18.04 and upgraded to 18.04.1 the LCD turned off unless I closed the lid of the laptop and that puts it to sleep.

Now I can lower the lid till the LCD shuts off or completely close the lid and it doesn't go to sleep.

Resolution is to edit file: /etc/systemd/logind.conf

HandleSuspendKey=ignore
HandleLidSwitch=ignore


One finger scrolling (touchscreen) in Firefox

I had similar issues with the HP Pavilion x360.
I found that MOZ_USE_XINPUT2=1 only works in Wayland, not Xorg.
Furthermore, to make it a permanent solution I needed to follow these steps:

open about:config in firefox to set dom.w3c_touch_events.enabled=1 (default is 2).
edit /etc/security/pam_env.conf and add MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=1
reboot and restart firefox

See https://askubuntu.com/a/994483/799524


Apache 2 installed but not starting in ubuntu 18.04

This issue was probably resolved, but you were probably missing the package libaprutil1: Apache Portable Runtime library. For Debian based operating systems such as Ubuntu, run:

first try configure dynamic linker run-time bindings

ldconfig

If this don't solve your problem try to reinstall libaprutil1

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libaprutil1


PulseAudio freezes applications when sound is required

After a bit research, I was running a lowlatency kernel (which I manually installed). Switching back to a generic kernel fixed the problem.

If you manually installed a lowlatency (or another) kernel, you can use GRUB recovery options to start a specific kernel:

If you see the GRUB menu when you boot, just select « Advanced options for Ubuntu » and select a generic kernel.
If you don't see the GRUB menu when you boot normally, press Esc at the early boot process (between POST [the end of hardware initialization process] and real system boot). This will open the GRUB menu, where you can select « Advanced options for Ubuntu » and boot a generic kernel.


Is there Windows 8 copy progress bar for Nautilus?

Option 1: Use Nemo and UltraCopier

You can Ultracopier with Nemo to grab a stop/pause dialog box for your Copy/Move operations. You need to install Nemo file manager and UltraCopier.

Install Nemo

Add PPA, update index and install Nemo. Open a terminal and do

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:webupd8team/nemo
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nemo

Install UltraCopier

sudo apt-get install ultracopier

Install NemoUltraCopier

Go to https://github.com/lestcape/Nemo-UltraCopier and follow the instructions on the readme

Now if you use instead of Nautilus and use the UltraCopier menu option in right click, You'll a dialog box showing progress with pause/stop.

Here is a screenshot of the UltraCopier in action

Extra: If you want to use Nemo as the default file browser instead of Nautilus from this point forward, use these two commands in Terminal

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons false
gsettings set org.nemo.desktop show-desktop-icons true

And add Nemo to the Startup application list to autostart upon login.

Option 2: Use KDE and Dolphin there

KDE or Kubuntu has those with their Plasma Desktop. You can use Kubuntu instead and see fancy progress bars with pause and stop function. To install kubuntu-desktop on top of Ubuntu, use

 sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

If you rather want to install just the shell without all kubuntu softwares, you can do

 sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop --no-install-recommends


How to move /media to another disk device?

You move files either by dragging and dropping in the gui file manager, or with the mv command.


Deleted Ubuntu prtition from machine and going back to Win - can't get past "grub rescue" on startup

First, an insight to your problem: the default installation of Ubuntu would set the boot loader to the Ubuntu partition grub. When you delete the partition you have deleted the boot code along with it.

Solution: Repair Windows loader and set it as the boot loader. I suppose you could try @pischkot suggestion.


Not spanning Wallpaper across dual screen

18.04 and later

Install Tweaks with sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool and open Tweaks.
Select Appearance.
Click the ▾ arrow to show the dropdown menu as marked by the mouse cursor in the below screenshot. Change the span option to Zoom.

16.04

Open System Settings by clicking the gear icon on the Launcher.
Select Appearance -> Look tab.
Click the ▾ arrow to show the dropdown menu as shown in the below screenshot. Change the Span option to Zoom.


Ubuntu freezes after I run video on the full screen on Chrome 40

Just disable Override software rendering list in chrome://flags solves the problem for me!


why do I get a PAE error trying to install 12.04 desktop 32 bit version on an IBM Thinkpad T42

Your machine is rather old (2005?) and does not support certain extensions the recent versions of Ubuntu kernel require.

From How To Install Ubuntu 12.04 On Non-PAE Capable Hardware

  Physical Address Extension (PAE) is a feature to allow (32-bit) x86
  processors to access a physical address space (including random access
  memory and memory mapped devices) larger than 4 gigabytes.

  Ubuntu 12.04 (as well as Kubuntu 12.04) uses the PAE Linux kernel by
  default for 32bit ISOs so old computers that don't support PAE can't
  boot the latest Ubuntu version. But there is a way to install Ubuntu
  12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin on computers without PAE support: using the non-PAE netboot Minimal ISO (there are also some alternatives, see
  below).

  The non-PAE netboot mini ISO lets you install the non-PAE kernel and
  the desktop environment you want: you can select to install Ubuntu
  Desktop (with Unity), Kubuntu Desktop and so on. One note though:
  since the minimal CD will download packages from online archives at
  installation time instead of providing them on the install CD itself,
  you need a working Internet connection during the installation.


Whenever I open my terminal it shows that y: command not found. What is problem with it?

This could be caused by a line on the your .bashrc file that says y.

You could remove the offending line by editing the file by using:

gedit ~/.bashrc

Or if you have not modified the file yourself, you could restore the default .bashrcafter taking a backup by running:

cp ~/.bashrc ~/bak.bashrc && cp /etc/skel/.bashrc ~/


Well, one thing that can be done is, freeing up some space in your /boot/ folder by deleting older kernels. Here's how to do it:

sudo apt-get remove --purge linux-image-3.13.0-40* linux-image-3.13.0-43* linux-image-3.13.0-44* linux-image-3.13.0-45*

Then, remove any left-over packages by typing:

sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get autoclean && sudo apt-get clean


linux-generic not installed in fresh installation

On a fresh installation from the 14.04.1 iso, the package linux-generic 3.13.0.32.38 should have been installed.

You can observe what related packages are installed using this (and my example is NOT from the fresh not upgraded installation):

doug@s15:~/docs-1404/tt_01/html$ dpkg -l | grep linux
ii  libselinux1:amd64                    2.2.2-1ubuntu0.1                      amd64        SELinux runtime shared libraries
ii  linux-firmware                       1.127.11                              all          Firmware for Linux kernel drivers
ii  linux-firmware-image                 3.11.0-rc6-31                         amd64        Linux kernel firmware, version 3.11.0-rc6
ii  linux-firmware-image-3.19.0-rc1-250  3.19.0-rc1-250-181                    amd64        Linux kernel firmware, version 3.19.0-rc1-250
ii  linux-generic                        3.13.0.45.52                          amd64        Complete Generic Linux kernel and headers
ii  linux-headers-3.13.0-43              3.13.0-43.72                          all          Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.13.0
ii  linux-headers-3.13.0-43-generic      3.13.0-43.72                          amd64        Linux kernel headers for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-headers-3.13.0-44              3.13.0-44.73                          all          Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.13.0
ii  linux-headers-3.13.0-44-generic      3.13.0-44.73                          amd64        Linux kernel headers for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-headers-3.13.0-45              3.13.0-45.74                          all          Header files related to Linux kernel version 3.13.0
ii  linux-headers-3.13.0-45-generic      3.13.0-45.74                          amd64        Linux kernel headers for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-headers-3.19.0-rc5-250         3.19.0-rc5-250-189                    amd64        Linux kernel headers for 3.19.0-rc5-250 on amd64
ii  linux-headers-generic                3.13.0.45.52                          amd64        Generic Linux kernel headers
ii  linux-headers-server                 3.13.0.45.52                          amd64        Transitional package.
ii  linux-image-3.13.0-43-generic        3.13.0-43.72                          amd64        Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-3.13.0-44-generic        3.13.0-44.73                          amd64        Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-3.13.0-45-generic        3.13.0-45.74                          amd64        Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-3.19.0-rc5-250           3.19.0-rc5-250-189                    amd64        Linux kernel, version 3.19.0-rc5-250
ii  linux-image-extra-3.13.0-43-generic  3.13.0-43.72                          amd64        Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-extra-3.13.0-44-generic  3.13.0-44.73                          amd64        Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-extra-3.13.0-45-generic  3.13.0-45.74                          amd64        Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-generic                  3.13.0.45.52                          amd64        Generic Linux kernel image
ii  linux-image-server                   3.13.0.45.52                          amd64        Transitional package.
ii  linux-libc-dev:amd64                 3.13.0-45.74                          amd64        Linux Kernel Headers for development
ii  linux-server                         3.13.0.45.52                          amd64        Transitional package.
ii  util-linux                           2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20.3                  amd64        Miscellaneous system utilities


Can Ubuntu One mobile stream FLAC files or other audio types or just mp3?

We're currently working on adding more file formats (ogg and m4a). We have absolutely no plans of adding FLAC support. For updates to ogg support you can subscribe to the feed on Does 'Ubuntu One Mobile' support Ogg Vorbis?.


Can't install TeamViewer 12 on Ubuntu 16.04 64bit - Dependency lib32asound2

I have found an answer for this problem here.
There is an official package at teamviewer website and you can get it like this:
wget http://download.teamviewer.com/download/teamviewer_i386.deb

it works for x64 bit ubuntu!!
This package is somehow different and just let's you to install it.
Just download it and run sudo dpkg -i teamviewer_i386.deb
update
this works also for x64 version of ubuntu!
and sometimes the teamviewer wont show the ID number and password, then you need to restart the teamviewer daemon with this command:
sudo teamviewer --daemon restart

and then start the teamviewer again


Error: partition table requires a separate partition for boot loader code (EFI issue)

Read the whole answer before following the instructions below.

In order to fix this issue you need to create an extra partition.

Install rEFIt or rEFInd1 in Ubuntu.
Start Mac OS X.
Launch OS the Disk Utility application.
Make sure to have already resized your "Macintosh HD" partition so that you have room for the new partitions (~50 GiB is what I chose).
Restart using a Ubuntu Live CD.
Select "Try Ubuntu".
Start the application named GParted.
Create a new partition called "bootloader" with file system ReiserFS. I made this partition 500 MiB. I'm not exactly sure if the file system or size matters. According to Wikipedia BIOS Boot partition page, this partition can be as small as only 1 MiB.
Create a new linux-swap partition that's about 1 GiB. I called this one "swap".
Create an ext4 partition called "primary" using the rest of your unallocated space.

After following the instructions above, GParted should look similar to the following image. Keep in mind that I took this after installation. The labels for my linux-swap and ext4 partitions disappeared and the key/exclamation icons were added after installation by Ubuntu. Also, no need to set a bios_grub flag for the ResiserFS partition, this was also automatically added post- (or during-) installation.

Now that the partitions are set up, go back to the desktop, click on "Install Ubuntu 12.04" (this should also appear in the menubar on the left if it's not on the desktop), and follow along below

Go through the options (personalizing them however you like) until you get to the "Installation type" screen that asks you how you want to install Ubuntu.
On the "Installation type" screen, select "Something else" and continue (press "Install Now").
You'll now arrive at a window that lists all the partitions you have. Identify the "bootloader" partition (if the labels don't show, identify it by the device, type, or size columns) and double click on it.
A window that says "Edit partition" should popup. Select the option field next to "Use as:" and click on the value that says "Reserved BIOS boot area" (figure below). Press "OK."

Identify the ext4 partition you just created and bring up the "Edit partition" window.
Set the "Use as:" value to "Ext4 journaling file system," check the format option. Make sure to also set the mount field to /. Press "OK."
Go ahead and continue the process, personalizing the results as you desire.

From here, everything should work fine. Make sure to have rEFIt or rEFInd installed so that you can boot into Ubuntu later1.

  1. It turns out that if you get stuck while booting, instead of using a program like rEFIt and it's predecessor, you can just hold the alt/option key to boot into a partition/disk/whatever.


Swap F keys to perform functions without Fn key

Usually laptops have a setting in the BIOS which does this for you. When I got my laptop (an HP), it did this and I was able to change it. This is probably your best option.


What command can mount an SSH share and launch a file?

I assume you have sshfs set up ;)

#!/bin/bash

# Mount your sshfs
sshfs your_server:/sshfs_share /media/sshfs_share

#Use zenity to ask what file to open
file=$(zenity --entry --text "What file?")

# Or use a zenity file chooser
file=$(zenity --file-selection --title="Select a File)

# Open a file
gedit $file

For options with zenity, see zenity by example or man zenity

You can certainly elaborate on the script, adding error checking, check the existence of the file , etc, but that will get a good start.


Operation Denied while editing vgaswitcheroo

One can try disabling "Secure Boot" in BIOS as suggested here:

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2397459


How to configure a sshd_config that allow SFTP but not SSH (to start a bash)?

Note: I am unable to fully test this at the moment - posted in the hope that it will be useful

This should be possible with a single sshd instance, by using a Match block at the bottom of the server's sshd_config file.

Match Address *,!192.168.1.0/24
        ForceCommand internal-sftp

Replace 192.168.1.0/24 with your own LAN CIDR address range.

See also How can the Address condition in a Match conditional block in sshd_config be negated?


I actually had a problem with audio too. What fixed it for me was to remove the PulseAudio configuration files. Delete the folder named Pulse* under ~/.config.


How to remove title bar from terminal on the new Ubuntu 20.04?

What finally worked for me was to run:
sudo apt install gnome-shell-extension-pixelsaver
gnome-extensions enable pixel-saver@deadalnix.me
gsettings set org.gnome.Terminal.Legacy.Settings headerbar false

in the terminal, then restart the shell (Alt-F2, r).


iwconfig doesn't report Link Quality unless run as sudo

The command iwconfig is a system administration commands (usually only for root). See man iwconfig. It is documented under section 8 of manpages. To know more about manpages see this post.

If you try in terminal,

$ type iwconfig
iwconfig is hashed (/sbin/iwconfig)

and /sbin contains privileged executables. This is the reason why you are not able to have its full features when using as non-root user. There is nothing abnormal.

How to use sudo iwconfig without password [source]

You can use the NOPASSWD directive in your /etc/sudoers file.

If your user is called user and your host is called host you could add these lines to /etc/sudoers:

user host = (root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/iwconfig

This will allow the user user to run the command sudo iwconfig on host without entering a password. All other sudoed commands will still require a password.

It is recommended to use sudo visudo to edit the file. Read this nice post before you proceed. There you can find an alternative too if you do not wish to modify your /etc/sudoers

The other bad way [not recommended] is to ask sudo to read your password from a file where  your password is already stored. But this may be severe security concerns. -S switch enables sudo to read a password from standard input.

If you store your password in a file mypsd.txt that contains only your password followed by a new line character. Then the following command will run reading your password from that file,

cat /path/to/mypsd.txt | sudo -S iwconfig


When you use the C standard library from the official GCC included in Ubuntu, the header files are located in /usr/include. When you ran

ls -l /usr/include/stdio.h /usr/include/math.h

the output indicated that header files are missing from that directory, including stdio.h and math.h (the two headers with which you seem to have had problems). And GCC's error message says it can't find header files.

Therefore, replacing missing header files will likely solve this problem. Searching the Ubuntu packages database reveals /usr/include/stdio.h and /usr/include/math.h are provided by the libc6-dev package. Therefore, reinstalling the libc6-dev package should fix the problem:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get --reinstall install libc6-dev


I got the same error.
I checked the SHA256 of the downloaded iso file. the value is not the same as the original, although the file size is the same. So I downloaded the Ubuntu image file (*.iso) again. Then it is OK to install.


MTS Mblaze datacard in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS connection issue

To use Datacard on Ubuntu OS, find the step below. Read them carefully before you take the step and do not miss the step mentioned herein.
To use  on Ubuntu OS, find the step below. Read them carefully before you take the step and do not miss the step mentioned herein.

1.You try to connect datacard stick and boot up Ubuntu / system.

2.You may choose network connections and click on the 'New Mobile Broadband Connection'

3.Select 'continue' in the dialog box and select "India" as country & then click continue.

4.It will show the list of service providers, select Tata Photon+ (2G).

5.Now, under billing dialog, select the plan as Tata Photon+ (2G) just click 'confirm' and save your settings.

6.After these steps, you will get Network Connections, you will find "Tata Photon+ (2G)" option and click on it. In case if it does not connect to internet then you can just unplug and then plug your 3G stick.

7.That's it the step, now you can enjoy by using Tata photon 3G stick with your Ubuntu OS.

Hope this helps!


I experienced this same message with Ubuntu 14.04. The answer to this question took care of the problem by removing old Linux kernels from /boot. It freed almost a half gig of space there.

Here's the link:
How do I remove old kernel versions to clean up the boot menu?


What music player shows "similar bands you might like" feature

Banshee still has that. You have to make sure that you have enabled the Last.FM-scrobbling plugin in the settings and then check the context pane under view to be shown.
I don't know about Rhythmbox but other than that, Tomahawk player has a similar feature.


Set up ssh keys in both github and bitbucket accounts

Common practice is to use the same key for different servers (from one device). If the key gets compromised, you need to replace the key on all the servers.

Using multiple keys requires more complicated configuration and usually does not add much security (when something is compromised, it is usually your computer with all the keys).

It also depends on having or not having the passphrase and the key encrypted.


Whom should I ask to update a package to a new upstream release?

The maintainer of the package. He might already be working on it!

How? Doesn't really matter. I see bug reports for it, but usually this is discussed behind the scenes. I guess most is being discussed using IRC and mailing lists. Depends on the package and the people working on it.

Debian/Ubuntu developers (package maintainers) are uploading new releases to experimental/unstable and will end up later in a stable channel via regular QA process. A new upstream release isn't usually going to be included in a stable release. Security or severe bugs come as regular updates, without backporting a whole new release.

Exception: web browsers.

See also this answer on the policy regarding updates within Ubuntu.


Screen returns to full brightness upon waking from suspend

Per this answer on Quora, try this:

  Install xbacklight program by typing the following in the terminal:

sudo apt-get install xbacklight

  Now press alt+f2 from your keyboard, and type gnome-session-properties. Click on the application, and from the window popped, click add, and fill the following:

    name = Brightness Fixed

    command= xbacklight -set 25

  click add and you're done. Restart to check the effects.


Nginx loads index.html automatically without being instructed to

When otherwise unspecified, the index directive has an implied default of index.html.  Which is present in your document root. (See the documentation below that I included detailing defaults and such)

If you want to change what it serves as its index page, you need to define a new index directive, such that you add this to your / location block, or apply it globally by just putting it outside the location blocks but still within your server block:

index nginx.html;

This tells nginx to instead look for a different index file.

The problem you're seeing is because the / location block only applies if you have the / specified, and because you don't allow autoindex and because /whatever is your URI and that doesn't exist either as a file or a directory, it falls back to your third option, the nginx.html file.  I know this is counter-intuitive, as an empty URI or a / URI typically means "Process this per the location / { } block, but it's more implied in the world that this takes you to the home or index page of a given website, and that is why the index directive exists.

You need to tell the system what to treat as an index file for any configuration.  You can't rely solely on try_files in your / location block, you have to tell it what your index file should be.  I always define this even if the defaults work fine for me.

Note that if you don't define a URI, try_files falls back to the index directive, so a request to http://foobarbaz.foo:8510 will reach the nginx server block listening on port 8510 for the server name / $HOST request record of foobarbaz.foo, with an empty URI, and is technically going to have nginx, internally, try and serve the default index.html index page because of your configuration not specifying a different index to serve for any type of request.

From the related nginx documentation of the index directive:

    Syntax:    indexfile ...;
    Default: index index.html;
    Context: http, server, location

  Defines files that will be used as an index. The file name can contain
  variables. Files are checked in the specified order. The last element
  of the list can be a file with an absolute path. Example:

index index.$geo.html index.0.html /index.html;

  It should be noted that using an index file causes an internal
  redirect, and the request can be processed in a different location.
  For example, with the following configuration:

location = / {
    index index.html;
}

location / {
    ...
}

  ... a “/” request will actually be processed in the second location as
  “/index.html”.


The problem is the cache.  Nautilus creates a cache for image thumbnails at ~/.cache/thumbnails/.  There are a number of subdirectories in that location.

It appears that it doesn't automatically refresh the cache if the image changes or as in the case of your question there is a new image to a file.  You can verify this by copying your files to a new location and you'll find that Nautilus will display the image at the new album cover of the song in the new location, but not the old location.

Just quickly copy a file or a folder to the desktop and you'll see your image displayed properly.

There might be a different way of refreshing the cache, but one way is to remove it with:

$ rm -r ~/.cache/thumbnails/

Then every time you visit a folder with your song Nautilus will scan the songs and cache the images.  They will then display properly.


Add SSH key when only public key authentication is available?

Thanks for the feedback. I will list the proposed (and viable) solutions:

use the Hyper-V console instead of the VMM console to "type" the key automatically as if pasting
plug a USB drive into the Cisco UCS chassis and set up USB passthrough
have another person who can already log in handle the key for the new user
or temporarily allow password authentication so the new user can set up their key and then disable it again.


Screen becomes black after pressing dash or alt-tab

set dash blur="no blur" in ccsm /unity plugin/ experimantal solved my problem. Alt+tab and dash are working very fine now


How to send an email using command line?

First of all you need to install and configure Postfix to Use Gmail SMTP on Ubuntu.

Install all necessary packages:

$ sudo apt-get install postfix mailutils libsasl2-2 ca-certificates libsasl2-modules

If you do not have postfix installed before, postfix configuration wizard will ask you some questions. Just select your server as Internet Site and for FQDN use something like mail.example.com

Then open your postfix config file:

$ sudo -H gedit /etc/postfix/main.cf

and add following lines to it:

relayhost = [smtp.gmail.com]:587
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/cacert.pem
smtp_use_tls = yes

You might have noticed that we haven’t specified our Gmail username and password in above lines. They will go into a different file. Open/Create:

$ sudo -H gedit /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd

And add following line:

[smtp.gmail.com]:587    USERMAIL@gmail.com:PASSWORD

If you want to use your Google App’s domain, please replace @gmail.com with your @domain.com.

Fix permission and update postfix config to use sasl_passwd file:

$ sudo chmod 400 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
$ sudo postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd

Next, validate certificates to avoid running into error. Just run following command:

$ cat /etc/ssl/certs/Thawte_Premium_Server_CA.pem | sudo tee -a /etc/postfix/cacert.pem

Finally, reload postfix config for changes to take effect:

$ sudo /etc/init.d/postfix reload

Testing

Check if mails are sent via Gmail SMTP server

If you have configured everything correctly, following command should generate a test mail from your server to your mailbox.

echo "Test mail from postfix" | mail -s "Test Postfix" you@example.com

To further verify, if mail sent from above command is actually sent via Gmail’s SMTP server, you can log into Gmail account USERNAME@gmail.com with PASSWORD and check "Sent Mail" folder in that Gmail account. By default, Gmail always keeps a copy of mail being sent through its web-interface as well as SMTP server. This logging is one strong reason that we often use Gmail when mail delivery is critical.

Troubleshooting

Error: "SASL authentication failed; server smtp.gmail.com"

You need to unlock the captcha by visiting this page
https://www.google.com/accounts/DisplayUnlockCaptcha

You can run test again after unlocking captcha.

source

You need to use following syntax of mail and mutt to send emails, note that if you want to send attachment file via mail command it's not support or it's better I say I can not send my attached file via mail command, instead you can use mutt command line, it's very useful. and in mutt command you have to type attachment arguments after the email address. I test it and works fine.

you can install mutt via this command:

$ sudo apt-get install mutt

Using mail

mail -s "TestSubject" nospam@gmail.com -a "UserReport.txt"  < MessageBody.txt

Using mutt

mutt -s "TestSubject" nospam@gmail.com -a "UserReport.txt"  < MessageBody.txt

While UserReport.txt is your attachment file, MessageBody is text/file of your body of email, TestSubject is your email subject.

-s flag is used for "Subject" and -a flag is used for "Attachment file"


Issues with Nvidia drivers on Dell Inspiron 7567

I had the same issue on the same laptop. I fixed it by removing the nomodeset parameter from the file /etc/default/grub.

So the line

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="nomodeset"

should be changed to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

Then run sudo update-grub and reboot the laptop.


Ubuntu 14.04+all current updates. Networking stopped working

Same problem here (Ubuntu 14.04LTS)!
Please notice, there is already a different thread #727127.

While this does not fix the problem, for me it helped to do a manual configuration of the wlan interface, e.g. to edit

sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

I followed the example given here (see 3.2). The page gives some other information and additional steps, which were not necessary in my case.

/etc/network/interfaces:

  auto wlan0
  iface wlan0 inet dhcp
  wpa-driver wext
  wpa-ssid your_network_ssid
  wpa-psk your_network_psk
  # if your SSID is hidden, change value to 2
  wpa-ap-scan 1
  # type WPA for WPA1, RSN for WPA2
  wpa-proto RSN
  # type CCMP for AES, TKIP for TKIP
  wpa-pairwise CCMP
  # type CCMP for AES, TKIP for TKIP
  wpa-group CCMP
  # type WPA-PSK for shared key (most common), WPA-EAP for enterprise radius server
  wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK

I simply adjusted the settings for wpa-ssid and wpa-psk followed by a reboot.
With that, at least I got a working wifi connection back.
And I can hope now for a fix, which I will be able to download, when it becomes available.


I'm guessing that this - Intel® Wireless WiFi Link 4965AGN - is your WiFi card based off product: PRO/Wireless 4965 AG or AGN [Kedron] Network Connection & vendor: Intel Corporation as listed in your question.

You should be able to download your drivers for that device from here.


How is MySQL upgrade happening in the LTS 14.04 -> 16.04 upgrade?

The conversion is done in-place, with some conversion needed and taken care of automatically. This is essentially about date conversion formats, if I remember well.  Watch out that some software have it difficult with MySQL 5.7.  For instance, Bacula versions earlier than 7.4.2 won't start.


I'm new to Ubuntu and I need to know how to install FL studio 12.03 step by step

According to this page: https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=32045 this software apparently works when using Wine. So the only thing you have to do is install Wine and then install FL studio using the installer.


During the installation it will ask you if you want to install the drivers for your GPU, just write no and proceed to install ONLY THE CUDA TOOLKIT, otherwise you'll get this error message.


Comments do not allow me to format this well, so I present this as a preliminary answer. I indented (moved to the right) the two lines with the names of the interfaces. Also, I think the last line version: 2 ought to be indented.

network:
   bonds:
       bond0:
           addresses: [10.11.6.119/24]
           gateway4: 10.11.6.1
           nameservers:
              addresses: [8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]
           interfaces:
               - ens192                    <--- changed
               - ens160                    <--- changed
           parameters:
               lacp-rate: fast
               mode: 802.3ad
               transmit-hash-policy: layer2
       ethernets:
           ens160:
               addresses: []
               dhcp4: false
               dhcp6: false
           ens192:
               addresses: []
               dhcp4: false
               dhcp6: false
    version: 2                            <--- changed


I can SSH into the server remotely but the ubuntu 14.04 cannot ping the internet

You need to edit

 /etc/resolv.conf

With the desired name server. If you want to use Google just add

 8.8.8.8

Or based on info in question

 18.71.0.151

Save file. You may also want to remove the dns line

 dns-nameservers 18.71.0.151

from

 /etc/network/interfaces

and then restart networking

 sudo service networking restart

For multiple entries I forget if it a space or comma to separate them. Or maybe even on a new line.

Edit: You can put each dns server on a new line of file


I think you mean Ubuntu Single Sign-On. This is a login you can use for many other Ubuntu related websites and services such as Ubuntu One, the Ubuntu Loco Directory and Ubuntu Forums. You can also use this login to write reviews in Ubuntu Software Center.

Sometimes you will be asked to log in to Launchpad. Just use the same username and password with Launchpad and it will work as if you were using the Single Sign-On service. You can see all of the websites you have authenticated with at https://login.ubuntu.com/.