remove apache, phpmyadmin etc from ubuntu 16.04

You can remove the packages in Ubuntu by executing the commands:

dpkg --purge phpmyadmin
dpkg --purge mysql-server
dpkg --purge apache2.2-common

Or

You have option also to remove the following packages:

sudo apt-get remove apache2*
sudo apt-get remove phpmyadmin
sudo apt-get remove mysql-server
sudo apt-get remove php5

Or

sudo apt-get --purge apache2*
sudo apt-get --purge phpmyadmin
sudo apt-get --purge mysql-server
sudo apt-get --purge php5


GNUTLS version preventing LibreOffice from loading

Such problems are usually caused by libraries in /usr/local/lib.

Try to move the problematic library out the way and retry to launch LibreOffice:

sudo mv /usr/local/lib/libgnutls.so.30 ~/
soffice

Also note that libraries in /snap/ are isolated and usable only by the corresponding snapped application.


Is it safe to remount btrfs with compression?

I can only answer with the available information in the different related btrfs sites. As you say, using compression is relatively safe as compression is only applied to the new written content. As per the stability of the FS, it is still in testing stage, although it seems to be pretty stable right now. About recompressing the whole disk, I'm not sure you can do it (I haven't seen it). It shouldn't be difficult to write such tool. Right now the obvious way is to copy/move the data from the partition to other disk/partition, and then re-copying, but it implies having enough space in another disk or partition to do the copy (and a fair amount of time)...


Ubuntu sound volume is 40% lower than in Windows

I don't know if this will help you, but on my system (a Thinkpad T510) I have to open up the sound control panel (right-click on the sound icon in the notification panel and select "Sound settings...") and move the volume bar to 140% (or so, it doesn't actually change the displayed number) to get full volume.  I don't know why this is and it's quite irritating since the volume keys on the laptop will only go up to 100% and I have to open the control panel several times a day to be able to hear anything.  Just like in your case, this is not a problem with Windows where 100% really does mean 100% of the available hardware volume.


Aptana studio 3 gives me a java missing error?

I've installed aptana in my ubuntu too, you just need to run these commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java && sudo apt-get update

to get the java repository and then use:

sudo apt-get install oracle-jdk7-installer

to install Java jdk7.


If the machine is up but the services get stuck in pending you will want to view the logs for hints as to why they are stuck.

You can find the logs in /var/log/juju on the machine.

You will also find some more information on debugging hooks here: https://jujucharms.com/docs/2.0/developer-debugging


Need help with wireless USB adapter (Ourlink AC600) All ubuntu

I got it working! It was the most annoying thing ever... but for anyone else in my situation I will help you out right now. You need internet on linux (USB tether your phone or any way) or another pc with internet. With the internet download this : https://www.codeweavers.com/products/crossover-linux?gclid=CjwKCAjwranNBRBhEiwASu908IszYUcxISq8Z8WBjL6EXI-m1in4WJkGOq-pp7slEGYZe7PoQfvNMBoCvpoQAvD_BwE

Get the free trial as you will only need it once, also this should work for any official drivers for your card that uses a .exe

Get your drivers for your network card, look them up, in my case they were here for the OurLink ac600, which you could just look upon google or refer to the drivers I posted beforehand in the original post

Get both of them on to your Linux, install and open open crossover, Right click on the .exe of your driver and click "open with" then "run with crossover" and it will install just like Windows! Congrats, finally got it working....


Colored boxes on around the folder name in terminal

chmod 777 sets permissions so that the owner, group and others can read, write and execute. The highlighting is shown if others can write to it. If you don't need that, just chmod o-w /data/folder. Also, if you are the only one who needs to use the folder, I would suggest 700 or 755.


How can I view last installed package or program?

See /var/log/dpkg.log. Or do ...

less /var/log/dpkg.log

It will list all activity regarding packages.

More specific to installation:

grep installed /var/log/dpkg.log

It will list it like this:

2014-01-02 11:20:07 status half-installed libmodule-pluggable-perl 3.6-1
2014-01-02 11:20:07 status half-installed libemail-simple-perl 2.003-1
2014-01-02 11:20:07 status half-installed libemail-abstract-perl 2.134-1
2014-01-02 11:20:07 status half-installed libtime-piece-perl 1.11-2
2014-01-02 11:20:07 status half-installed libemail-date-perl 1.102-1
2014-01-02 11:20:07 status half-installed libmime-lite-perl 3.020-2ubuntu2
2014-01-02 11:20:08 status installed libmodule-pluggable-perl 3.6-1
2014-01-02 11:20:08 status installed libemail-simple-perl 2.003-1
2014-01-02 11:20:08 status installed libemail-abstract-perl 2.134-1
2014-01-02 11:20:08 status installed libtime-piece-perl 1.11-2
2014-01-02 11:20:08 status installed libemail-date-perl 1.102-1
2014-01-02 11:20:08 status installed libmime-lite-perl 3.020-2ubuntu2


Using

sudo swapoff -a

is the usual way to turn off swap, with the swapon -a command used to turn it back on.
See man swapoff   for more information about turning off swap for explicit devices.


You also have to ask yourself those questions :
- Are those networks going to be reachable from outside ?
- Is the modem/internet connection going to simply be shared between the computers ?
- Is one network going to be able to reach the other network ? Like, 192.168.1.x computers will be able to reach 192.168.0.x computers, but do you want 192.168.0.x computers to reach 192.168.1.x ? If so, there has to be one more entry in the routing table of those computers.

You could actually replace the UBUNTU box between 192.168.0.x and 192.168.1.x with a cheap wired network router. No need to have wireless there. If you don't want 192.168.0.x to access 192.168.1.x, just connect this router with its WAN connection to the 192.168.0.x network, and configure it so that ITS internal network is 192.168.1.x, connect your 192.168.1.x computers to it and you're done.

Another solution could be in a "more intelligent" router, that could run DD-WRT. This replacement of the firmware will allow multiple segments, both sharing the internet connection, and you then can also establish supplemental routes so that one segment can reach the other segment.

Check on the net for DD-WRT (google), and then check there for supporting your existing router. If it is not supported, it is worth getting the right one from your local store. I use a Netgear one, and it works perfectly for me.


Your configuration looks good. I guess you didn't issue a2ensite:

The directory /etc/apache2/sites-available just holds (a collection of) available sites. To actually enable them, you need to run

a2ensite example1.com.conf
a2ensite example2.com.conf
systemctl reload apache2

The first two commands do nothing more than creating symlinks in the /etc/apache2/sites-enabled directory that point to the respective files in the sites-available directory:

root@myhost:/etc/apache2# ll sites-enabled/
...
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   35 Mär  9 19:06 000-default.conf -> ../sites-available/000-default.conf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   35 Mär 18 16:48 example1.com.conf -> ../sites-available/example1.com.conf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   35 Mär 18 16:48 example2.com.conf -> ../sites-available/example2.com.conf

Apache reads the files in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled and ignores /etc/apache2/sites-available. The general idea is:

put all your virtual host configuration files in sites-available
turn them on or off using a2ensite $config_file or a2dissite $config_file.

Note that autocompletion usually works, i.e. a2ensite exTABTAB lists the available configurations starting with ex.

After a2ensite or a2dissite you need to make apache aware of this by issuing systemctl reload apache2. The commands will tell you something to that effect.


Is there a copy handling progam available that can queue, pause and resume?

Possibly a duplicate question?

If you want a GUI version try Ultracopier

N.B. in the download section there is a deb file you can download.  Remember - the software is very new.


Ubuntu MAAS - How to covert my iso file to bootable tgz

As per https://docs.maas.io/2.6/en/installconfig-images

"Ubuntu Advantage is needed to use Windows, RHEL and ESXi images to build a custom image for any operating system."

Looking at https://ubuntu.com/legal/ubuntu-advantage-service-description#uasd-maas-support

2.2 Support for the tooling required to convert certified operating system images not provided by Canonical into MAAS images.

2.3 Licence to use MAAS Image Builder.

I hope this will help.


How can I pin a specific document so I can access it easily and frequently?

Instead of pinning a file, let's switch gears: pin a command that opens the file. That's easily achieved via creating a .desktop file, which is what those icons on the dock actually are. Sufficient enough would be to have file in ~/.local/share/applications/ called importantfile.desktop and with contents maybe like so:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Exec=gedit /etc/passwd
Name=Open Important Thing
Icon=/usr/share/icons/gnome/48x48/status/messagebox_critical.png

The Icon= part is optional, but as you can see you can use standard gnome icons. Remember also to use your own favorite program to open the important file - Exec=gedit /etc/passwd is just an example.

Alternative (and a very biased solution, as I am the author of that) is to use Files Indicator, which besides other things allows pinning specific files to be shown in the indicator itself and are opened by whatever default program is set for their respective filetypes.


What about :

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

If that does not work, what did you remove . Any links to other questions elsewhere ?


StarForce uses its own drivers for direct I/O to the disc-drive as part of
its anti disc-emulation DRM, its drivers are also used to prevent its code
being run under any emulator to prevent reverse engineering.

Its unlikey that wine will support this, i would suggest you search the game
publishers site for a patch which may have a DRM free executable or a less
stronger implementation of SF on it.


how to know the exact partition of ubuntu in windows 7

Easiest solution I can think of is booting up a live cd and then loading Gnome Disks or GParted and then look at the partitions.  If you are still confused at this point you can open Nautilus and look at the contents of the partitions.  This should remove all doubt.  Now remember the size and the id of the partition along with the format structure for example /sdd/sdd1 or /sdd/sdd2 something to that effect.  Once you have these bits of information it should be easy.

Also make sure to always make a backup.  Gnome Disks makes it really easy to back up an entire drive or partition from the live cd to for example an external usb drive.

Here is a howto to make a backup
https://www.maketecheasier.com/backup-hard-drive-gnome-disk-utility/


Crackling and sound interruptions - speaker/headphone switching

Try this link. Seems to me that your system is switching between headphones and speakers. Crackling is usually caused by powering a speaker. Since the speakers are constantly being powered on and off, it would keep crackling. This package lets, you control the headphone switching.

Same package, another description


Ubuntu Server 11.10 on a LAN is refusing connections

I would try :

firewall ( doubtful but still something to look )
duplicate ip address ( ie, 2 computers with the same IP )
check the ethernet cable, the switch. Cable can be faulty, as well as the switch, or the ethernet card.

I would also try to see when this occurs, how long it last, and if there is anything useful in log or in dmesg output. And try to see what was changed just before it started to fail.

Something that could help you is to setup nagios or smokeping.


How to make "xset s off" survive a reboot (12.04)

Just add it to your .xsessionrc or .xinitrc file.


Dual Booting Problems Windows 8.1/Ubuntu 14.04 Separate Hard Drives

In my opinion you need to change booting order, as your systems are installed in separate drives. On most computers when computer starts you can pop-up the boot menu, usually by pressing F12 of F10 key (message regarding the proper key is usually shown for a short time in the right bottom corner of the screen). Then choose the drive on which the Ubuntu is installed. If that works, and you would like to have such order always, you need to change the boot order in your BIOS settings.


How can I easily use the gcc compiler for arm for building in a development IDE?

I'm by no means an expert on the subject, but hopefully I can point you in the right direction. As far as IDEs go, there is a GNU ARM plugin for the Eclipse IDE. It is a  Manged Build Extension that supports a number of GNU ARM Toolchains like CodeSourcery G++ Lite, GNUARM, WinARM, Yagarto, devkitPro.

Outside of an IDE, you could consider running a QEMU ARM image. A discussion on how to setup a QEMU ARM image and to build ARM packages with it can be found here:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM/BuildArmPackages


Well, if it has almost shutdown but just won't halt/poweroff (which is what anything related to acpi usually means), then just use the power button to halt it/power it off.


How can I have my Ubuntu PC (13.10) connect to a Xbox 360 Kinect?

Have you tried https://github.com/OpenKinect/libfreenect ?
make sure to read README.md and also check this one out : https://github.com/OpenKinect/libfreenect/issues/348


I need help to install nitroshare on Ubuntu 20.04

To download Nitroshare from an official 18.04 LTS Ubuntu repository and install it in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS run the following commands.
sudo apt update
cd ~/Downloads/
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/n/nitroshare/nitroshare_0.3.3-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./nitroshare/nitroshare_0.3.3-1_amd64.deb


Switch on screen by command
To switch on your screen from cli, the tool to use is xrandr.
What to do

Run in a terminal window:
 xrandr

In the output, there is a string "connected". The first string of that line shows the screen name, looking like LVDS-1 or VGA-1 or something.

The command you need then to turn on the screen, if my screen would be VGA-1:
 xrandr --output VGA-1 --auto

You can test it with the command:
xrandr --output VGA-1 --off && sleep 5 && xrandr --output VGA-1 --auto

which should turn off the screen, and back on after five seconds.
Alternatively
If, for some reason, the command above does not work, alternatively use:
xset dpms force on

To test, run
xset dpms force off && sleep 5 && xset dpms force on


Your dmesg output is full of errors. That SD card seems like it's quite faulty. That's why it isn't being made accessible to you.


How to connect to external network hard drive as a different user?

Open files again then go to the Menu File then choose connect-to-server

This will open the following

In the server address write the IP of your client in the form smb://192.168.1.1 replace the IP with you client

then enter the user name and password and that's.


Ubuntu 18.10 audio stopped working ("Dummy Output")

I figured it out. Turns out that the answer asking to enable audio from BIOS would've worked but the option is not present in my laptop. Also, the audio stopped working in windows as well (dual boot), so I reset to setup defaults (not the restore factory settings) and audio started working.

Also, for skipping audio problem, it occurs whenever WiFi and bluetooth both are working at same time, seems some kind of interference in both the signals. So, either switch off WiFi while using bluetooth audio or first start bluetooth and connect to the device and then open WiFi to connect.


You can boot your Ubuntu in recovery mode by following instructions on Recovery Mode - Ubuntu Wiki. It is recommended that you read through this page entirely before proceeding.

Just to give you a gist of the steps to follow in your case,

Enable networking in the same menu.
Select Drop to root shell prompt
Run command

$ mount -o remount,rw /

This will mount your partitions in Read / Write mode to boot from.
Just in case, if you have /home, /boot, /tmp, or any other mount point on a separate partition, you can mount them with the command

$ mount --all
Run following command to repair broken packages that were damaged due to untimely reboot.

$ dpkg --configure -a
To remount partitions back in read-only mode, run
$ mount -o remount,ro /

(If system says "/ is busy", skip to step 8.
Run $ sync
Run $ reboot to restart your PC.

Do let me know how it goes.

Source : Patrick's and Scott's answers.

Once you have successfully got access to your old Ubuntu, for upgrading to 13.10, I will recommend that you download Ubuntu 13.10 ISO and create a LiveUSB to boot from.

This will ensure that Ubuntu 13.10 download and upgrade does not eat your bandwidth while browsing. You will also have an additional option of Try Ubuntu and other cool tools that come along with a LiveUSB setup.


Wireless shows up as disabled on a BCM4312 wireless card

Could you try this command on a terminal?

sudo rmmod dell-laptop

If so, then you're affected by this bug, which is exactly on a Dell Vostro 1520:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/701259

A permanent workaround (try ONLY if the rmmod command does fix the problem) is to run this command on a terminal, to add the module to the blacklist so it doesn't load when the system boots:

echo "blacklist dell-laptop" |sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf


Unable to download torrents when using a VPN

Install openvpn:

sudo apt-get install openvpn

Download the config files from www.vpnbook.com

In the terminal type :

openvpn --config vpnbook-euro1-udp25000.ovpn

Then set the port in the connection dialog in qbittorrent to 25000.

That's it! It should be downloading fine through VPN.

Check your IP via www.whatismyip.com and verify.


unknown version of the X Window System installed. Not installing X Window System drivers

Instead of using the Virtualbox Guest Addition ISO file, try using the following commands in the terminal on the guest Ubuntu Virtual Machine :

Update apt-get. apt-get update
Install dependencies apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r)
Install guest additions apt-get install virtualbox-guest-x11

Use sudo before the commands if required.


Are official packages always a better choice than PPA?

That depends on the package, the PPA, your need for security, and your tolerance for downtime while you sort out problems.

The official packages are less likely to create conflicts with other
packages that you have to sort out.
The official packages are less likely to have any security problems
than those from a PPA you know little about.
The official packages are more likely to be out of date, sometimes by
years, lacking features and fixes.
The official packages may not include software you want.

There really is no answer to you question, only a judgement call you have to make.


Disable GUI and Go to Command Line Terminal

Turn the gui off by pressing ctrl+alt+F1.
Run the script from the virtual console.
Then run sudo service lightdm restart command to get back gui on.


How to get program to output a command to the ubuntu command line just as if i had typed it

You can always use xargs, i.e.,

echo '-l' | xargs ls

will effectively execute ls -l. So in your case it should something like ./tragic.py | xargs ./dbot.sh, i.e., output of ./tragic.py command will be used as argument of ./dbot.sh


E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages error while trying to build docker image

SOLUTION : Deleted all exited containers and removed the dh-python install from dockerfile and it worked


Using ls and cd comands on network folders

This depend on how is the NAS set up?

Does it use windows sharing? Then you can use smbclient to connect to the server and there you can use lsand cd. Connect with something like smbclient //192.168.2.10/Volume1 .

Does it use ftp? Then you can use ftp to connect to the server and use cd and ls again. Connect with something like: ftp 192.168.2.10 .

Does it use sftp? Then you can use sftp to connect to the server and use cd and ls again. Connect with something like: sftp user@192.168.2.10 .

And so on. So generally you don't need it to be mounted, because usually you can access the files with a client.

I expand the samba version, because you have that kind of share:

You need the ip of the NAS, e.g 192.168.2.10, then you type in a terminal:

smbclient -L=192.168.2.10

The server will ask for a password but because you said it is a public share you don't need one, just press ENTER. Now you are presented with the shares services on the server, e.g.:

Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.14a]

Sharename       Type      Comment
---------       ----      -------
Volume1         Disk
IPC$            IPC       IPC Service ()
ADMIN$          IPC       IPC Service ()

As you see I have only one Disk share named Volume1.
Now you type in

smbclient //192.168.2.10/Volume1

or

smbclient \\\\192.168.2.10\\Volume1

to access the Volume1 share on the server with ip 192.168.2.10. The server again asks for a password, just press ENTER.
Now you are in the client and can browse the shared volume without mounting it to your file system.  You can type help to get the available commands, but if you are familiar with ftp than it is basically the same. You can use ls to list the directory contents, or cd to change directory. You can exit from the client with quit.

Using this way the share is not mounted to your file system, only the client communicates with the server. (I think this was your question.)


bash: permission denied Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

In a terminal:

cd ~
sudo chmod -R o+rw .config .vnc
sudo chown -R <your_user_name> .config .vnc

this ensures you can access all the files, even if you accidently created them as root.


How to convert to a Lighter wight Ubuntu 13.04 Desktop

Yes you can!! :D

Just head to the software centre and type "LXDE" and install it. (LXDE is Lubuntu!! Consider it another name for the same thing.)

This will make you able to choose between "Unity" (which is the default desktop you know about) and LXDE which is awesome and lightweight.

You see that white circle with the Ubuntu logo in it? (above) Just click on it to choose between Unity and LXDE!!

You won't lose any features and you can use Unity again whenever you want! A desktop environment is just a selection of programs (such as a different windows manager, a different files manager, a different audio player and so...)

The one and only thing you wouldn't like is that it's ugly! XD but there are forums that describe how to make it look more similar to Unity. It's super fast and I use it by default. :)

...ah yes! A word about Ubuntu 13.04. It's outdated and not supported anymore!! But luckily you can upgrade to Ubuntu 13.10 very simply through the update manager. (The window that usually pops up asking for updates). It'd ask you if you want to upgrade to 13.10 so you just accept the upgrade and you're totally done!! :D


How to make python scripts executable using cx freeze on ubuntu 14.04?

sudo apt install cx-freeze
cxfreeze myscript.py

There are a load of options for customising this but for a simple script, that should do it. If it's not working, check out the documentation or read man cxfreeze.

Anyway, when it works it generates a directory called dist that contains an executable (based on the name of the script) and everything it needs to run. To execute from the current directory, just run:

./dist/myscript


dbus-1.0/dbus/dbus.h:29:10: fatal error: 'dbus/dbus-arch-deps.h' file not found

You can try adding

lib64/dbus-1.0/include/dbus

to your cpath variable.
like so:

export CPATH=/lib64/dbus-1.0/include/dbus:$CPATH

( this is using the absolute path, otherwise change the beginning of the path )
check it afterwards with echo $CPATH

then try to compile ( for example using gcc or make )


How can I put a shortcut to a file in the Unity launcher?

I only know a dirty way:

Create a file ~/.local/share/applications/myfile.desktop
Add the following to that file:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=MyFile
Exec=gedit /path/to/a/text/file
Icon=text
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true

Save it and make that file executable:

chmod +x ~/.local/share/applications/myfile.desktop

Now browse to that file in Nautilus and drag it to the launcher.

This will add a launcher with a text icon, that opens /path/to/a/text/file with gedit:

Of course you need to change application/file/icon to whatever you want.


Could not get lock /var/lib/apt/lists/lock

This just means that there is an application using apt.

First try to find out which application it is by using this command in the terminal

ps aux | grep '[a]pt'

If there is a process running using apt (like apt-get or aptitude), the best thing to do is just to let it finish what its doing. Otherwise you can kill it using

kill <PID of the process (2nd column in output of ps aux)>

After making sure there is no process or killing it, you can just remove the lock using

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock


Changing the cursor theme back to the default Adwaita (theme) in My Unity resolved this along with lowering the pointer speed and sensitivity in system settings >> mouse and touch-pad


Where to find package manager in Xubuntu 13.10

One of the package managers available is the Ubuntu software center, which is available on the main menu.

Or you can use synaptic package manager.  To install it if not installed, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get install synaptic


How to connect Moga Pro controller to Ubuntu 14.04

In Ubuntu 15.10 I switched the Moga Pro controller to B. Then started Bluetooth settings. It found a “joypad” named “Moga Pro HID”. In mode A it would have found a “computer” named “Moga Pro” which can not be used.

Then install and start jstest-gtk. All analog and digital buttons on the Moga should do something in this program.


Will Ubuntu run smoothly on my 2012 MacBook Air?

Mostly It'd..because it runs fine on my brother's 1.6Ghz dual core Atom, but it may use up to 12gb of your flash storage.


Periodically lock ssh keys while logged in

You could just write a line in your $HOME/.bash_logout file that moves your SSH key from your ~/.ssh/ directory into a different directory? Then do the opposite in $HOME/.bash_login.

See this post about doing this with systemd.


Vim behavior differences in Server VS Desktop

The default vim version that comes with desktop is somewhat restricted, different; it is called vim-tiny. I had to run sudo apt-get install vim to get the simple arrow key behavior and other features. That's probably the simplest approach.

However, the second simplest thing that you can do is to copy over vimrc file from server to your desktop. You c an use either rsync or scp, whichever you're familiar with more to pull the file from server to local system.

Alternatively, you could search for customized vimrc files on github. There are plently of those with tons of customizations and features, which include your desired behavior and more

You can also have your own github account and back up the same vimrc file there. On each desktop install just git clone https://github.com/YourRepo and you will have that vimrc in the YourRepo folder.


Alright I figured it out on my own.

I just ended up removing the package using

sudo dpkg --force-all -r wine-stable-i386:i386

And I was able to move on with installing any other packages without dpkg trying to annoy me about updating it. I'm not sure how to properly install it, but that should at least help anyone who keeps having dpkg annoy them with bad packages.


After reinstalling Win10 cant boot Ubuntu - nvme SSD with GPT

Finally after 1 hour, I figured it out - I had to boot in ubuntu live, install
 Boot-repair tool there:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

and hit "Recommended repair".

I got message: "GPT detected. Please create a BIOS-Boot partition (>1MB, unformatted filesystem, bios_grub flag). This can be performed via tools such as Gparted. Then try again."

So i created "unformatted" 2MB partition in the beggining of the disk and committed changes. Then luckily gparted started to recognize my Linux partitions as well. Right click on the partition allowed selected "Flags" which listed "bios_grub". Running boot-repair again responded with OK message and Ubuntu booted again.

pretty good explanation of EFI vs BIOS and GPT vs MBR is here. Seems I use the computer in BIOS mode with GPT. (Thats quite counterintuitive since the machine has UEFI)


How can I remove the Evolution package completely?

from a terminal window give the following command to remove evolution completely

sudo apt-get purge evolution

After this re-validate using dpkg -l|grep -i evolution and remove any other evolution related packages using same command as above.


All I have is an RDP file and IP address. How do I remotely connect using them?

The simplest way may be to ask your school administrators to give the information required to connect.

However the dot RDP file is a plain text file. Open it in Gedit or your favourite text editor.

It is a bit cryptic but key information is in :-
full address:  Network name or IP Address of target
username: logon user name.


How to find the Process ID (PID) of a running terminal program?

Open another terminal and run ps ax  | grep foo where foo is the name of the unresponsive program. This should return a line of output  that looks something like this:

$ ps ax | grep firefox
2222 ?        S      0:00 /bin/sh /usr/lib/firefox-3.6.9/firefox
2231 ?        Sl   514:36 /usr/lib/firefox-3.6.9/firefox-bin
30290 pts/2    S+     0:00 grep --color=auto firefox

The first field of each line of output is a number which represents the Process ID of the program matched by grep (you can safely ignore the last one, which represents grep itself.

To halt the offending process, do:
kill pid where pid is the Process ID of the program. You might have to use your judgment as to which of the matches needs to be killed, or you could use top instead. Using kill by itself sends SIGTERM, which you should try first as it allows the program to properly clean up after itself. If SIGTERM fails, try SIGHUP, which is stonger medicine: kill -HUP pid. If all else fails, send SIGKILL. But, you should only do so as a last resort, because SIGKILL causes the kernel to terminate the process immediately with no possibility for cleanup. This can at times result in data corruption or other problems. So again, only send SIGKILL as a last resort. To do so, do kill -KILL pid or kill -9 pid.

If you are running a graphical interface, of course, you don't have to fool with this crazy command-line stuff to get the job done. Just open "System Monitor", navigate to the Processes tab, choose the process you want to halt (Hm, could it be the one using 90% CPU?) and right-click it. Since the process is already stopped, (that's the problem, right?) choose End Process or Kill Process from the resulting menu.

  Credit to koanhead


My /boot partition hit 100% and now I can't upgrade. Can't remove old kernels to make room

Freeing Up Space on the Root File System

To free up space on the root file system you can try to execute apt-get clean.

If that doesn't work you can go to /var/cache/apt/archives and manually remove a few files from the cache to get some space back, e.g.:

sudo rm linux-headers-*

It won't hurt to remove all of the .deb files here if you need to - that is what apt-get clean does. They will be automatically be re-downloaded by apt if they are needed again.

Freeing Up Space on the /boot File System

The Original Poster has a separate /boot partition, and that is what is full and preventing the apt system from working. It will be necessary for him to free up space there.

If there almost enough space, go to /boot and remove a config file or two:

sudo rm config-3.2.0-19-generic-pae

for example, but using the name of one of the kernel versions you intend to remove anyway. This will free up a little space (about 144K apiece).

If you need more space individually remove old vmlinuz, initrd, abi and System.map files until you have enough space (about 22M for one of my i386 kernel versions).

Whatever you do, don't remove them all. You should at least keep the latest two matching versions of each kind of file, for each kind of kernel you use.

Then proceed with your apt-get install commands. As mentioned above they may have to re-download some of the debs you deleted, but if so that will happen automatically. When you have apt working again, clean up by using apt-get to remove the packages corresponding to the files you removed - so everything matches.

The config file in /boot is the kernel config that was used by the kernel team to build the kernel of the same name. It should be harmless to remove unless you want it for reference or to aid you in building your own kernels.

Finally you are manually removing an old kernel package or two from the /boot partition to make even more room for the new one.


Network is unreachable : Wifi has no inet addr

Ok wow, hardware problem from the router, it could not send me a DHCP lease.

I tried reaching the gateway with an other connected computer on 192.168.1.1 and it gave us a blank page with a "Out of Memory" error.

Resetting the router for now has done the job.


After upgrading to 13.10 kernel panic - not syncing

The first line in the error screen-shot leads to a issue with Astrill VPN. The rest just seams to be the kernel telling you that it has crashed. More info about the Astrill VPN issue can be found here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2139793

I would fix this by getting to the recovery root terminal and removing Astrill.

Start up the computer and press Shift just as Ubuntu starts (This can be tricky to time right). Select the root command prompt option when you get to the selection screen. Mount root as read and write with this command: mount -o remount,rw / . Then run apt-get --purge astrill . Then run init 0 to restart the computer.


Firefox ignoring it's own preference/settings in 16.04

This problem is still unresolved, but has become an issue for Firefox rather than Ubuntu.  The issue has spread to Firefox on all my computers whether Linux or Windows.


Printer stopped working after uninstalling image-magic

Removing imagemagick had the unintended consequence of taking cups out with it.

I resolved the problem with the following commands:

sudo apt install imagemagick followed by

sudo apt install cups

Reboot and all is well.


Tried to move a file and now i cant find it

You renamed your file testing in the root directory / with your command.

To move it back to where it was, just move it again:

sudo mv /testing /var/www/html/domain_name.com/subdomains/demo/__apps.zip


Lubuntu login loop and can't open command line

If you've been starting graphic applications from the terminal using sudo, that's what probably caused your problem. Always use sudo -H.

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type:

 - sudo mount -o remount,rw / # remount the disk as rw

 - cd /home/your_username # change directory

 - ls -al .*thority* # list some files

You should see something like this...

-rw------- 1 your_username your_username 407910 Nov  2 08:56 .ICEauthority
-rw------- 1 your_username your_username     58 Jun 23  2017 .Xauthority

If it DOES NOT show -rw------- then...

sudo chmod 600 .*thority* # change file protection

If it DOES SHOW root root then...

sudo chown your_username:your_username .*thority* # change file ownership
reboot # reboot the computer

Reboot and see if you can log in.


Read Only Filesystem for Kiosk Application

This https://wiki.debian.org/ReadonlyRoot might be what you're looking for.  You can mount parts of the filesystem as read-only, but leave things like /etc or /var available to be written to as needed (technically /var and /etc must be writeable).

I'm going to assume this device is using emmc, flash or a DOM type block device.  If that's the case, there are other/additional methods you can use to reduce block device activity and potentially help prevent corruption on power-loss.
https://mcuoneclipse.com/2019/04/01/log2ram-extending-sd-card-lifetime-for-raspberry-pi-lorawan-gateway/ explains one method.


NTFS format /dev/sda2 not working with gparted

You need to boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD and run gparted or Disk Utility from there.
See the "key" icons next to the /dev/sdaN name? That means that the partition is mounted, and you won't be able to do anything with that partition until you unmount it first. You can unmount it in gparted.
Of course, we don't really want you to wipe Ubuntu and go back to Windows. Is there a reason to do so? Better to resize the Ubuntu partition to the right, and reinstall Windows to the left, and then you can dual-boot to either Windows or Ubuntu.
Update #1:
Make sure that you have a good backup of your important Ubuntu files, as this procedure can corrupt or loose data.
Keep these things in mind:

always start the entire procedure with issuing a swapoff on any mounted swap partitions, and end the entire procedure with issuing a swapon on that same swap partition

a move is done by pointing the mouse pointer at the center of a partition and dragging it left/right with the hand cursor

a resize is done by dragging the left/right side of a partition to the left/right with the directional arrow cursor

if any partition can't be moved/resized graphically, you may have to manually enter the specific required numeric data (don't do this unless I instruct you to)

you begin any move/resize by right-clicking on the partition in the lower part of the main window, and selecting the desired action from the popup menu, then finishing that action in the new move/resize window

Do the following...
Note: if the procedure doesn't work exactly as I outline, STOP immediately and DO NOT continue.

download the desired .iso file from http://releases.ubuntu.com/
burn the .iso file to DVD/USB
boot the a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start gparted
resize /dev/sda2 by moving the left side of the partition to the right
click the Apply button
install Windows into the new unallocated space


E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) related vlc

Purge the conflicting package:

sudo dpkg -P vlc-nox

then fix:

sudo apt install -f


I faced same problem, but in Ubuntu 14.04. In fact, I liked that feature, but since I switched to Opera instead of Chrome, I found annoying bug making it impossible for me to scroll websites, each time cursor hid.

Anyways, my solution was simply to remove unclutter package.
sudo apt-get remove unclutter

If that doesn't help you, make sure that unclutter is really stopped.
ps -A | grep unclutter

Or simply run sudo pkill -9 unclutter.

Hope that helps you, but I believe you've already found the solution after 9 months :')


How to know the users connected in an Ubuntu 18.04 / xrdp

Open the terminal and run this command:

{ echo "user pid Xdisplay port"; { ps -ef | awk '/Xvnc :[[:digit:]]+/ {print $1,$2,$9}' | while read tu tpid tvnc; do sudo netstat -tlpn | awk -v "tpid=${tpid}" '$0 ~ tpid {print $4;}' | sed -r -e 's/^.*://;' -e "s/^/${tu} ${tpid} ${tvnc} /;" ; done ; } | sort -k3 ; } | column -c4 -t


Obviously you need to repair your EFI booting.
It can be happens if:
 1. Was reinstalled system.
 2. Your UEFI partition was broken, formatted, or erratic cleaned.

Exist nice solution for this:

Open your terminal and type:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update

Press Enter key, and wait for completion. Then type:

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Again press Enter key, wait for install completion and program running.

For next steps refer to this links:

Ubuntu Documentation - Boot-Repair
Boot-Repair project


To properly answer your question it is important to first explain a bit how btrfs send/receive works. From the BTRFS wiki:

It's easiest to understand if you look at what receive does. Receive takes a stream of instructions, creates a new subvolume, and uses the instructions to modify that subvolume until it looks like the one being sent.

In the case of the initial send btrfs send produces a data stream with instructions for btrfs receive to re-create the subvolume on the new disk - i.e. basically telling it: create directory foo; create file foo/bar; put the following content into foo/bar.
In the case of an incremental send btrfs send will compare the snapshot you want to send with the parent specified with -p and will produce a stream with only the difference between those two subvolumes. btrfs receive will then first create a new snapshot from the parent subvolume - which therefore must exist on the receiving side - and modify that snapshot according to the instructions stream - i.e. move foo/bar to bar; delete foo/; update bar with following content; ...
btrfs receive identifies the correct subvolume to take a snapshot from by its UUID. You can see the UUIDs of a subvolume with btrfs subvolume show:

each subvolume has a unique UUID
if it is a snapshot of another subvolume it will reference it via its Parent UUID
if it was created by btrfs receive it has the Received UUID of the original subvolume

So all you need to do an incremental send is the subvolume you want to send and a "parent" subvolume that already exists on the receiving side.
BTRFS does not care about any contiguous "chain" or something and deleting a subvolume won't change the IDs of another subvolume.
To work reliably though you should respect the following:

do not modify subvolumes after btrfs send - neither on the sending nor receiving side - but keep them ro all the time.
only use appropriate subvolumes as send parent, i.e. they should be snapshots of one another or have a common parent


how to use amixer plus alsactl for microphone input volume

From:
Howto save AlsaMixer settings?
ou could also save the mixer settings into a custom file with alsactl:
alsactl --file ~/.config/asound.state store
Reloading:
alsactl --file ~/.config/asound.state restore
Note that until some posts a how-to or I can track it down, the above alsactl ... restore needs to be done each time the USB microphone is plugged into the computer.  Presumably, there is some USB mounting/opening/attaching initiation configuration file to the USB function that actually identifies the USB microphone as what alsamixer claims to be a "sound card"; modifying that file should make the restore unnecessary as the fix would be permanent to the system and used for every instance of the USB microphone.


Workspace switcher keyboard shortcuts for left and right workspaces not responding

So as noted in Sathya's comment, he is running under Vmware.

The reason this doesn't work is because VMware Player is taking control of Ctrl+Alt, because that's the key combination it uses to "break out" of the VM.

There are two ways you can fix this:

Override

There is an escape override built into VMware which overrides the breakout combination, by tapping Space while holding down the breakout combination, before hitting your desired key So for example, if you wanted to go to the right workspace you would hold down Ctrl+Alt, tap Space and then tap Right.

Change the Combination

Change the breakout combination. To do this, edit preferences.ini (in Windows 7 it's in C:\Users\$YOUR_USERNAME$\AppData\Roaming\VMware, if you can't find it search) and add:

pref.hotkey.shift = "true"
pref.hotkey.alt = "true"
pref.hotkey.control = "true"

This remaps the breakout combination to Ctrl+Alt+Shift.

Before you say anything, yes, I realise that this is also used in Ubuntu, to move windows between workspaces. Unfortunately, that is the best I've been able to come up with so far. You are supposed to be able to be as specific as left or right control, but they don't work for me, leftControl etc just maps back to both.

References:

http://communities.vmware.com/message/353101#353101
http://sanbarrow.com/vmx/vmx-preferences-ini.html


Command line options for windows executables

Open a terminal window, and enter the command

wine /path/to/executable/program.exe [option] [option]

You can use this to start your program with a debug option.


Ubuntu 14.04, only wallpaper and a mouse cursor is showing

Lets reset the desktop

Press Ctrl + ALT + F2
Then you will get a full screen Terminal.
Login with your Username and Password.

Then execute these commands in order:

rm -r ~/.config
rm -r ~/.compiz
sudo restart lightdm


Show keyboard layout chart from command line

gkbd-keyboard-display -l keyboard_layout[,variant]

For example, to show greek keyboard layout chart from command line:

gkbd-keyboard-display -l gr

To show the AltGr International keyboard variant (the one based on US layout, can do Spanish, German etc)

gkbd-keyboard-display -l us,altgr-intl

It's not documented anywhere. You have to read the source code to find the parameters.


Can't control the display brightness on Lenovo X1 yoga OLED

I just stumbled on this question, looking for an answer I gave a while ago regarding OLED screens in X11. See here. I normally bind some variations of the command to some keys, so I can switch fast:

xrandr --output eDP1 --brightness 1   # no dimming
xrandr --output eDP1 --brightness .5  # dim to half

Entering xrandr by itself shows the device-name to be used (eDP1 or eDP-1 or the like). The number can be anything between 0 and 1.

Floating point numbers can be used. If the value is greater than 1 screen goes above normal brightness but colors become saturated.


emulate typing and keypresses in terminal

You're looking for app called xdotool.  Basically, you want this

xdotool type ls ; xdotool key Return

It is not installed by default so use sudo apt-get install xdotool to obtain it


No Audio or Video on Lenovo ThinkPad T410

I have a T410 too and have no problems with sound, although I can't get the webcam to work  either.

This is probably too obvious, but try turning up the volume using the buttons above the keyboard?  Also unplug headphones/headset to see if that makes a difference.


Backup your data
Boot into Ubuntu
Delete the Kali partition(s), using GParted or other partitioning software
Run sudo update-grub and reboot

Paraphrased from here: Remove OS from Linux Dual-Boot - Super User


Can you quote a random string without knowing if it contains special characters?

You can use a Here document:

  This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
  current source until a line containing only delimiter (with no
  trailing blanks) is seen. (…) If any part of word is quoted, the delimiter is the result of quote removal on word, and the lines in the here-document are not expanded.

The delimiter (here “EOF”) has to occur on a single line to end the here document and it needs to be quoted in the first line, for example

$ cat <<"EOF"
a string \ with ' st$(echo)ra"nge chars?
EOF

gives you the literal:

a string \ with ' st$(echo)ra"nge chars?

To use the string in a script, adjust it to read from stdin and replace cat with the script’s path in the example above.

Note that the occurence of the delimiter string inside the password is not a problem, as the delimiter has to be alone on the line. The only way this does not work is if the delimiter matches exactly the password string, and as most passwords are created with certain requirements (e.g. “at least one number”) it should be easy to choose a delimiter that simply doesn’t meet one of the requirements. One could use “123456”, with that password failure is expected.


Script works manually, but not when called by Cron

I can't say why, but unfortunately sometimes some things don't work with @reboot cron jobs (an example for such issue). To prove whether this is the cause of your problem you can create a regular cron job and verify it is executed as it is expected.

If you are experiencing the described issue, you can re-create your script in some way (as it is done in the provided example). Or you can try to execute your script during the startup in some different way, for example through /etc/rc.local or systemd unit.

An ugly idea has come to me - you can try to forward the execution of your script to the at command within the reboot cron job, something such as:

@reboot echo "/path/to/script.sh >> /path/to/the.log 2>&1" | at now

Or add ~1 minute delay:

@reboot echo "/path/to/script.sh >> /path/to/the.log 2>&1" | at now + 1 minutes

It will be cool if it does the job :) In addition:

Within crontab, the default vale of the envvar $PATH is /usr/bin:/bin. For all commands/scripts, that are located outside of these directories, you should apply the full path; you can export a new $PATH, before the job; or even you can use $(which my_command) instead of just my_command.
You do not need to type sh in front of the name of your script if: it is executable; you are using the full path; and the first line of the file is the shebang #!/bin/sh.


Suspend/hibernate doesn't work on an Asus laptop

This appears to be a common issue on many ASUS laptops. Try this:

  Source: http://thecodecentral.com/2011/01/18/fix-ubuntu-10-10-suspendhibernate-not-working-bug

Run this  in a terminal:

gksu gedit /etc/pm/sleep.d/20_custom-ehci_hcd

Copy and Paste the contents of the following into the text editor:

#!/bin/sh
#inspired by http://art.ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=9744970&postcount=19
#...and http://thecodecentral.com/2011/01/18/fix-ubuntu-10-10-suspendhibernate-not-working-bug
# tidied by tqzzaa :)

VERSION=1.1
DEV_LIST=/tmp/usb-dev-list
DRIVERS_DIR=/sys/bus/pci/drivers
DRIVERS="ehci xhci" # ehci_hcd, xhci_hcd
HEX="[[:xdigit:]]"
MAX_BIND_ATTEMPTS=2
BIND_WAIT=0.1

unbindDev() {
  echo -n > $DEV_LIST 2>/dev/null
  for driver in $DRIVERS; do
    DDIR=$DRIVERS_DIR/${driver}_hcd
    for dev in `ls $DDIR 2>/dev/null | egrep "^$HEX+:$HEX+:$HEX"`; do
      echo -n "$dev" > $DDIR/unbind
      echo "$driver $dev" >> $DEV_LIST
    done
  done
}

bindDev() {
  if [ -s $DEV_LIST ]; then
    while read driver dev; do
      DDIR=$DRIVERS_DIR/${driver}_hcd
      while [ $((MAX_BIND_ATTEMPTS)) -gt 0 ]; do
          echo -n "$dev" > $DDIR/bind
          if [ ! -L "$DDIR/$dev" ]; then
            sleep $BIND_WAIT
          else
            break
          fi
          MAX_BIND_ATTEMPTS=$((MAX_BIND_ATTEMPTS-1))
      done
    done < $DEV_LIST
  fi
  rm $DEV_LIST 2>/dev/null
}

case "$1" in
  hibernate|suspend) unbindDev;;
  resume|thaw)       bindDev;;
esac

Save, then

sudo chmod 755 /etc/pm/sleep.d/20_custom-ehci_hcd


ASUS Primax Electronics partially working on Ubunau 16.04 and 17.04

See a driver on https://github.com/y-trudeau/linux_lenovo_ultraslim_plus – it should work even for your device. (Both devices are made by Primax.)

Do not forget to change Vendor ID to 0461 and Product ID to 4e80 (taken from your lsusb).


How to resolve "sign in error" when using Youtube-dl for downloading my personal, private HOA video (hangout chats)

youtube-dl -u "youtubeloginname" -p "youtubeloginpassword" url


Can't install libdb5.1 and libdb5.1++ on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Usually the method below is not recommended because of security risk (really low), but your packages does not have special dependencies.

So we download these packages from Trusty and install them on Xenial manually:

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/d/db/libdb5.1_5.1.29-7ubuntu1_amd64.deb
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/d/db/libdb5.1++_5.1.29-7ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libdb5.1*.deb

If you also need -dev packages you can install them too:

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/d/db/libdb5.1-dev_5.1.29-7ubuntu1_amd64.deb
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/d/db/libdb5.1++-dev_5.1.29-7ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libdb5.1*-dev*.deb

This packages will be marked as Obsolete and Locally created in aptitude, so you can always remove them when they become unneeded.


I'm afraid that I broke the partitions on my computer

My Diagnosis

I can't be 100% sure, but I think what happened is this:

Your computer came from the factory configured to boot Windows (10?) in EFI/UEFI mode from a GPT disk. Your Boot Repair output is very consistent with this type of setup.
You installed Ubuntu. Based on your description, this was probably successful, and I'm guessing it was done in EFI mode.
You decided to install BURG. Unfortunately, the last I heard, BURG was a BIOS-only boot loader. Getting BIOS-mode and EFI-mode installations to coexist on a modern EFI-based computers is possible but tricky, and it's seldom worth the effort. Your description makes it clear that you had problems at this step, most likely because you did not understand the intricacies of such a mixed-mode setup. A BIOS-mode BURG would not have been able to boot your EFI-mode Windows installation, anyhow; it could only have launched Ubuntu.
You ran Boot Repair, which seems to have re-installed your EFI-mode GRUB. This worked partially, but for some reason it's not detecting your Windows installation.

I wanted to summarize your problem in order to emphasize the likelihood that it was caused by the attempt to install a BIOS-mode boot loader on a system that was booting in EFI/UEFI mode. The fact that almost all new computers use EFI firmware is critically important for anybody who scratches the surface on boot loaders, but the implications of the use of EFI are still poorly understood and can jump up to bite people -- especially long-time multi-booters who try to install old BIOS-mode tools like BURG on new computers.

The Simplest Fix

The least radical way to proceed is to try to get GRUB to work completely. In theory, it should be detected, but I think I see why it hasn't been found, and the solution is fairly straightforward:

Open /etc/fstab in your favorite editor. (You'll need to do this as root, typically by launching the editor via sudo, as in sudo nano /etc/fstab.)
Locate the line that begins #UUID=4E1D-DC46 and remove the # character from the start of that line.
Save the file and exit from the editor.
Type sudo mount -a.
Check to be sure that /boot/efi is not empty. At a minimum, it should have a directory called EFI (or possibly some case-only variant of that, like efi; case is irrelevant on the FAT filesystem that should be mounted there). If /boot/efi is empty, something is wrong and you should fix the problem. (Note that you won't be able to access this directory as a normal user; you must use sudo or be root.)
Type sudo update-grub. This will cause the GRUB configuration file to be rebuilt.

When you reboot and the GRUB menu appears, it should now include an option to boot Windows.

Another Option

If you don't like GRUB, you may want to look into one of the several other EFI boot loaders for Linux, as summarized on this page of mine. I've never been a BURG user, but if you wanted to make a prettier boot loader menu, my own rEFInd boot manager may be of particular interest to you. (The older rEFIt might also be appealing, but has long since been abandoned; I forked rEFIt into rEFInd because rEFIt development had halted.)

Note that you can test rEFInd without fully installing it by using it on CD-R or a USB flash drive. (Images for both are available on the rEFInd downloads page.) If you decide to use it permanently, you can install it using the Debian package, PPA, or (if you're running Ubuntu 17.04 or later) the refind package in Ubuntu.

Learning More

I recommend you read one or more of the following pages to learn more about EFI-mode booting and how BIOS-mode and EFI-mode booting can interact on a single computer:

Adam Williamson's blog entry on how EFI works -- This page describes the theory behind EFI-mode booting.
A question and answers on the differences between BIOS and EFI booting on Superuser.com -- This provides the basics of the preceding, but is more concise.
My page on installing Linux on EFI systems -- This page is a more practical introduction to EFI-mode booting than Adam Williamson's blog.
My page on EFI boot loaders for Linux -- This page describes EFI boot loader choices for Linux systems.
My page on the CSM -- This page covers the CSM, including when it's useful and when it's not. (The CSM is what makes it possible to use BURG at all on your computer, even though BURG would not ultimately do what you wanted.)
The Ubuntu community wiki entry on UEFI -- This page is a bit disjointed, but is the most Ubuntu-specific introduction to EFI and its issues.

EDIT: Probable Filesystem Damage

The fact that rEFInd is showing a Windows option but producing a Failed to open file message indicates that your ESP is probably suffering from filesystem damage. To recover, I recommend:

Boot to Ubuntu.
Back up all the files from the ESP (/boot/efi in Ubuntu). You can use cp, tar, zip, etc.
Unmount the ESP (sudo umount /boot/efi).
Type sudo dosfsck -a /dev/sda4. This should repair the filesystem on the ESP.
Re-mount the ESP by typing sudo mount -a.
Check that the filesystem looks OK. In particular, check the EFI/refind, EFI/ubuntu, and EFI/Microsoft/Boot directories under /boot/efi. They should all have files that match those in your backup. If not, you're on shaky ground and should be prepared with rEFInd on a USB flash drive or CD-R so you can boot to Ubuntu if the next step fails.
Reboot. With any luck, you'll now be able to boot to Windows from rEFInd, although GRUB will not yet boot Windows.
If you can boot Windows, stop; you're done; but if you can't boot Windows, use rEFInd to reboot to Ubuntu and continue....
Unmount the ESP (sudo umount /boot/efi).
Make a new filesystem on the ESP (sudo mkdosfs -i 4E1DDC46 /dev/sda4). Be very careful with this command; if you specify the wrong partition, you could trash Windows or Ubuntu! Note that the -i 4E1DDC46 part sets the new filesystem to use the same ID code (UUID= value in /etc/fstab) as the old one, which means you won't need to edit /etc/fstab. If you omit this part, you'll need to edit /etc/fstab.
Type sudo mount -a to mount the new filesystem on the ESP.
Restore the backup you created earlier.
Reboot using rEFInd and try again.
If you still can't boot Windows, then you'll probably need to use Windows-specific recovery procedures to re-install the boot loader. If you happen to have a backup from before the problems started, though, you could restore from the backup.

After you follow this procedure, if you run sudo update-grub, chances are GRUB will begin to show a Windows option, too.

Note that damaged ESPs are often caused by a failure to disable the Fast Startup and/or Hibernation features in Windows. See here and here for information on how to disable these features. You should disable them immediately.

One more comment: I note that your boot message shows that rEFInd launched EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi, which in turn tried to launch EFI\Microsoft\Boot\grubx64.efi (a Linux boot loader). The most likely reason you'd see bootmgfw.efi attempt to launch grubx64.efi in EFI\Microsoft\Boot is if you used the option to back up and rename boot loader files in Boot Repair's Advanced tab. This option can work around problems with some buggy EFIs, but it's possible it will prove to have created problems in your case. IIRC, Boot Repair provides an option to reverse this move/rename operation, and you might need to use that option, but don't do so right away -- first see what you can get working by following the procedure I've just outlined. If all this fails, you may need to use Windows recovery tools to restore the Windows boot loader. It will then be set to the default, though, at which point I recommend either using EasyUEFI in Windows to move rEFInd or Ubuntu to the top of the boot list, or using rEFInd on an external medium to boot into Ubuntu and then using refind-mkdefault (which comes with rEFInd) to restore rEFInd as the default boot program.


How to set parameters for Realtek wifi rtl8723

Regarding your question for how to set parameters, you could use something like (=0 meaning disable, =1 meaning enable, and as Sneetsher mentions msi is disabled by default):

$ echo "options rtl8723be fwlps=0 ips=0" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf

Regarding your WiFi problem, you could check out my answer to the question My wifi drops the connection after a few minutes realtek8723be


I just switched to Ubuntu as my OS and when I shut down it won't automatically reboot when I turn the computer back on. Why?

Open Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) and try

sudo poweroff
sudo shutdown -h now

And then enter your password. If it works then you can make your bash script and use that.

Also did you find on search engine? Please search with your computer module number and poweroff problem then you might can find something.

I think that you need some grub options to fix this related to ACPI etc.
You might try this:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

change this line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi=off"

or

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi=force"

then run

sudo update-grub

and then restart computer and try to shutdown.


Graphics problem after adding resolution

In your script put these lines (note the 2> part):

xrandr --newmode "1600x900_60.00" 118.25 1600 1696 1856 2112 900 903 908 934 -hsync +vsync  2> line1.error
xrandr --addmode HDMI-1 1600x900_60.00  2> line2.error
xrandr --output HDMI-1 --mode 1600x900_60.00  2> line3.error
xrandr --output HDMI-1 --left-of eDP-1  2> line4.error
xrandr --output eDP-1 --pos 1600x236  2> line5.error

When you run the script, every time 5 files will be created. As you say the error occurs sometimes, so my intension is to capture the error in one of the five files. Your task is to check the files and if there is something in them, show us the content. Then we can analyze what is wrong and hopefully resolve it.


Grub Rescue on Mac after Partition Resize

There are a number of possible solutions, but it's hard to say what will work best, since it's unclear how Linux is installed (BIOS mode or EFI mode), although my guess is you've got a BIOS-mode installation.

One possible quick fix is to run update-grub within Ubuntu. If successful, this will update the GRUB files, thus restoring it to proper functionality. If unsuccessful, though, this could make matters worse, possibly making it impossible to boot Linux in the way you're doing it now.

Another option is a bit more complex, and is more likely to work, but is still not without risks:

In Linux, type df / and take note of the device filename associated with /. It's probably /dev/sda3, /dev/sda4, or some other numbered partition.
In OS X, download and install rEFInd.
In OS X, install the EFI filesystem driver for whatever filesystem you use on your Linux root (/) filesystem (or on /boot, if it's separate). rEFInd ships with drivers for ext2/3fs, ext4fs, and ReiserFS. You install a filesystem driver by copying it to the drivers or drivers_x64 subdirectory of the rEFInd installation directory (normally /EFI/refind).
Reboot. rEFInd should appear.
Highlight one of the vmlinuz-{version} options on the menu and hit F2 or Insert twice. This should open a simple line editor.
Add ro root=/dev/sda3 to the options, changing /dev/sda3 to the partition you identified in the first step.
Hit Enter. Linux should boot.
Locate the mkrlconf.sh script that came with rEFInd and run it. This should create a file called /boot/refind_linux.conf, which will obviate the need to add kernel options (steps 5-6) when you boot Linux the next time; just hitting Enter should do the trick.

This procedure bypasses GRUB and is likely to be more robust than GRUB in the long term; however, some Macs don't work well when booted directly in EFI mode (as this solution does), so it's conceivable that it won't be an acceptable option for you. If so, you'll need to get a BIOS-mode version of GRUB (or some other boot loader) working. You may also need to clean up your boot menu. Consult the rEFInd documentation for refind.conf, paying particular attention to the dont_scan_dirs, dont_scan_files, and scanfor options, for details on how to do this. Deleting files (such as the refit.efi file) can also do the trick.


Can I set up LIRC to enable me to navigate the Unity Launcher, using my MCE Remote Control, and how would I do this?

I found this lifehacker article on LIRC.  It suggests that you install the lirc-x package.  If you do that, and then modify your .lircrc file as I am about to show, and then run the irxevent program (from a terminal window or as part of startup — note that you can use irxevent -d to fork and run it in the background) you can then navigate the Unity launcher.  But there is a downside - when irxevent is running and then you go into a program that knows how to operate with LIRC (such as XBMC), what happens is that your remote keys are received by both programs, and both try to act on them, with semi-predictable results.  I haven't figured out a way around that yet.

Here is what I added to my .lircrc file:

begin
 prog = irxevent
 button = KEY_UP
 repeat = 0
 config = Key Up CurrentWindow
end

begin
 prog = irxevent
 button = KEY_DOWN
 repeat = 0
 config = Key Down CurrentWindow
    end

begin
 prog = irxevent
 button = KEY_LEFT
 repeat = 0
 config = Key Left CurrentWindow
end

begin
 prog = irxevent
 button = KEY_RIGHT
 repeat = 0
 config = Key Right CurrentWindow
end

begin
 prog = irxevent
 button = KEY_PLAY
 config = Key Return CurrentWindow
 repeat = 0
end

begin
 prog = irxevent
 button = KEY_OK
 config = Key Return CurrentWindow
 repeat = 0
end

This is just a demonstration that only defines six buttons on the remote (the arrow keys, OK and Play, the latter two both sending the equivalent of the Return/Enter key on the keyboard.  It is enough to do basic navigation of the launcher.  Now if there was only some way to kill irxevent when a program that is LIRC compatible is running, and restart it when you have exited all such programs, without putting too much load on system resources, this would work great!

NOTE: There is a documentation page on irxevent here.  By looking at that I was finally able to deduce that if you replace CurrentWindow with unity-2d-shell, then it will only work on the Launcher.  But the problem with that is that it brings the Launcher to the foreground (sometimes), even if you are inside another program.  There is supposed to be a way to use a "Focus" option, so the keypresses will only work if the target program has focus.  But besides the obvious issue of "how do you give focus to Launcher in the first place after exiting another program?", the other problem is that using Focus in the manner shown in the documentation, for example...

begin
 prog = irxevent
 button = KEY_UP
 repeat = 0
 config = Key Up Focus unity-2d-shell
end

...seems to kill the operation of irxevent altogether - it won't respond to button presses at all.  Remove the word "Focus" and it works fine again, but interferes with other software.

The only way I can see that might make this work is to have a way to kill irxevent when any software on an "exclusion list" is running, and restart it if none of that software is running.  But I don't know how to do that, and I would hope there is a more elegant solution.


Ubuntu 14.04 VPS - How to keep process running in background and periodically make sure that it is still running

This question might be a better fit for serverfault seeing as it's essentially about typical sysadmin jobs such as process management, rather than anything Ubuntu specific but anyway, an answer:

What you're essentially talking about is a daemon process - that is a process that's started and monitored by the operating system, and restarted on failure.

You could use a system init script for this, but there can be alot of subtle management issues with init scripts, and there is already a better, easier solution. I would highly recommend supervisord

From that page:

  [...] It shares some of the same goals of programs like launchd, daemontools, and runit. Unlike some of these programs, it is not meant to be run as a substitute for init as “process id 1”. Instead it is meant to be used to control processes related to a project or a customer, and is meant to start like any other program at boot time.

On Ubuntu, you can install supervisord with sudo apt-get install supervisor.
Then create a new config file in supervisor's config directory (on Ubuntu, this is /etc/supervisor/conf.d) and name it something like pelican_watcher.conf (the .conf extension matters)

[program:pelican_watcher]
directory=/directory/of/command
command=watch_regenerate.py
user=timbram
autostart=true
autorestart=true

Then, you can create a program that simply watches for changes, and runs make regenerate when a file has changed (make sure you add your own real values for user, command, and directory, above).

This python script uses the watchdog package to notify you of changes to a directory, and run some command when files change.

#!/usr/bin/env python2
import sys
import subprocess
import time

from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import FileSystemEventHandler

PELICAN_DIR = "/path/to/your/pelican/site"

class PelicanWatcher(FileSystemEventHandler):
    def on_modified(self, event):
        try:
            subprocess.check_call(['make', 'regenerate'])
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            # You may want better logging here, such as sending mail or similar
            sys.stderr.write("an error occurred!")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    observer = Observer()
    event_handler = PelicanWatcher()
    observer.schedule(event_handler, PELICAN_DIR, recursive=True)

    observer.start()
    # Now sleep forever while watchdog does it's business
    while True:
        time.sleep(60)

To install watchdog, sudo apt-get install python-watchdog, then, make sure you edit the fake paths I've put in (PELICAN_DIR)

Then, put this python script wherever you specified in the supervisor configuration file (watch_regenerate.py), make it executable, and sudo supervisorctl reread && sudo supervisorctl update. From there, supervisord will restart this script if it unexpectedly terminates, and will start the process at boot.

supervisor also has an interactive command where you can inspect running processes: sudo supervisorctl with no arguments

readthedocs: http://super


From https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SELinux

  Warning

  The Ubuntu-specific "selinux" and "selinux-policy-ubuntu"
  packages documented here have not received much attention since
  Karmic, and appear to be effectively broken in Precise.

  If you wish to
  use SELinux in Ubuntu, the "selinux-basics" and
  "selinux-policy-default" packages from Debian are still being actively
  maintained. Documentation relevant to those packages can be found at
  http://wiki.debian.org/SELinux

There are selinux packages in Ubuntu you certainly can try, however, as they are poorly supported, undocumented, and I would not expect them to work out of the box. More likely than not they are the same packages as are available in the Debian repos, but they may have been modified for Ubuntu, and certainly worth a try before you go to pinning. Use the advice on the Debian selinux wiki page without the debian repos first.

If the Ubuntu packages fail, you may then wish to then try the advice of the Ubuntu selinux wiki page and install / configure selinux using the Debian packages, see ...
 https://wiki.debian.org/SELinux

You go to the Debian setup page - https://wiki.debian.org/SELinux/Setup

  Get the default policy and the basic set of SELinux utilities by
  running apt-get install selinux-basics selinux-policy-default auditd

Note, you would have to install them from the appropriate debian repositories or download the .deb. To do so you will have to add the debian repositories, and use pinning.

Here is a listing of versions of Ubuntu and Debian you can use for pinning.

What Debian version are the different Ubuntu versions based on?

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PinningHowto

Also note, from the same Debian page:

  If using Ubuntu, download this _load_selinux_policy script (this is a
  slightly modified version of the script included in the Ubuntu
  'selinux' package), place it in
  /usr/share/initramfs-tools/scripts/init-bottom/ then run
  update-initramfs -u (Upstart in Debian loads the SELinux policy
  automatically, but Upstart in Ubuntu does not. See
  https://bugs.launchpad.net/upstart/+bug/595774)

The bug may or may not be fixed https://bugs.launchpad.net/upstart/+bug/595774 (marked as fix released).

Then continue with

  Run selinux-activate to configure GRUB and PAM and to create
  /.autorelabel

  Reboot, it will take a while to label the filesystems on
  boot and then it will automatically reboot a second time when that is
  complete.

  Run check-selinux-installation to check that everything has
  been setup correctly and to catch common SELinux problems. (Note: in
  wheezy the warning about /etc/pam.d/login is a false positive)

Also from https://wiki.debian.org/SELinux/Issues

  Graphical/Desktop installs of Debian are not heavily tested with
  selinux, so you might run into quite some issues.

Assuming you are NOT RUNNING a graphical desktop you may do alright. If you are running a graphical desktop, expect problems. Debugging selinux policy on Ubuntu will be poorly supported at best.

Also see outstanding bugs before you install selinux - https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?repeatmerged=no&src=refpolicy

Also I would anticipate problems due to differences between Ubuntu and Debian, depending on versions of each, systemd, upstart, and MIR may all conflict or not have a selinux policy from Debian.

Good luck with all that =) I personally know only one person who was able to use selinux successfully on Ubuntu, and it was a short run.

Parting advice

Ubuntu uses Apparmor and I highly advise you continue with apparmor and NOT go with selinux.
If you wish to go to selinux on Ubuntu, do so on a test machine first and expect problems.
If you are not familiar with selinux and debugging policy, you will likely need to do a lot of reading. Both RHEL selinux and Fedora selinux maintain documentation you can use as a reference.
If you must use selinux I HIGHLY ADVISE you use a .rpm system such as Centos, RHEL, or Fedora.


Here is a list for cups: http://www.cups.org/ppd.php which says '1234 printers found', listing always 20 per page. This would be 62 pages to download, easily doable with wget or a short shellscript and wget.

Parsing the html, and extracting the information should be an easy etude.

Another way is to inspect the names in the ppd-directory, where the drivers are:

 find /usr/share/ppd -name "*.ppd*" -type f | wc -l

but this only reveals 618 printers, nearly exactly the half of above number - maybe many of them serve different but similar models.

This for the list of drivers:

 find /usr/share/ppd -name "*.ppd*" -type f


You can change it in postfix configuration file /etc/postfix/main.cf.

The helo line is controlled by the smtpd_banner parameter. It probably references the myhostname option. Put your server name there instead of localhost:

myhostname = server.example.com
smtpd_banner = $myhostname

and restart postfix with sudo postfix reload.


How can I use a downloaded ubuntu image to install?

Yes, you have to create a bootable image on a flash drive.
Rufus is a pretty east tool to do it for Windows. Find it here

Detailed steps is given in Ubuntu website: https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#2


Default value of variable GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR is set to lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian by /etc/default/grub script while generating grub.cfg.

Check your /etc/default/grub.d/ directory for scripts which could overwrite this variable.

In my case it was /etc/default/grub.d/50_kubuntu.cfg which has been created by KDE Plasma Environment so I deleted it and generated grub.cfg again.

To solve this problem, simply type into terminal:

sudo rm /etc/default/grub.d/50_kubuntu.cfg
sudo update-grub


It is probably that the .ovpn file has inlined key/certificates.
You need to separate them into
other files and change the .ovpn file to refer to those files.
If you open the .ovpn file you'll see the inlined key/certs and then can refer to openvpn manual.
I had the same problem on ubuntu and breaking it up fixed the problem.


Is it possible to resize linux installation partition?

Yes, and there's no risk at all, except perhaps the ire of the Helpdesk and the rest of IT when they find you have trampled all over the partition.

Firstly, you can downsize the Windows partition by 30GB and still leave Windows in place as is, using gparted Partition | Resize from Linux; if you strip apps and data out of Windows by uninstalling programs and deleting data, you can downsize it further.

Then, resize /dev/sda3 after booting from a Live flash drive or a Live CD/DVD.

Now, if you want to complete nuke Windows, delete /dev/sda2 entirely.  There may be a recovery partition in /dev/sda1 so I would leave that alone. Then, resize /dev/sda3 after booting from a Live flash drive or a Live CD/DVD.

Should there be a power blip while this is underway, GRUB2 (the current boot selection system) may be damaged, so just in case, this article explains how to revive it if needed.


How can I connect 2 laptops using bluetooth of ubuntu 11.10 & transfer files?

Make sure the other laptop is visible. Use the gnome or unity UI or if you don't have a desktop refer to this link- http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1530253.

You can also make an adhoc network and then share the files.


Where is the download link for 10.04 desktop?

Old versions of Ubuntu can be found here.

Here's a link to 10.04.


Can't switch sound to HDMI any more in Xubuntu 18.04

Restarting alsa seemed to resolve the issue.

I am replying to me post, in order to make it appear "solved".


Give user access to directory in another user's home folder

Did you check that he has execute permission to the parent directories ? Otherwise it won't work.

More precisely, along the path a user takes to reference a filesystem object, all directories in-between must have execute permission set for him. In practice, it will often be better to give the read permission as well, since giving only the execute permission would work only if the accessing user progresses to the desired directory without being able to look into those intermediate directories, which is not how things go when using a file manager or shell completion (tab), for example.

If you don't mind everybody else having read+exec access to the parent directories, you may be happy with a chmod o+rx on those directories, or you will have to chgrp those directories as well and chmod g+rx.

Or... OR... you can use... POSIX ACLs !

You can use the setfacl and getfacl commands, or use Eiciel (apt install eiciel), the gnome file ACL editor, to set those ACLs. Among other things, POSIX ACLs enable granting/revoking rights to specific users and groups, not having to stick to the traditional UNIX "ugo" permission model. More in the NTFS way, if you don't find the comparison too obscene.

man acl may help you, but man setfacl seems more interesting, as it covers Linux-specific parts such as so-called default ACLs, that are inherited by filesystem objects created in a directory.

So for example, if you want to give user bob the "rwx" permissions on directory "work", with default (inherited) "r" permissions, type :

setfacl -m u:bob:rwx,d:u:bob:r work

You still have to give bob the read+execute permission on whatever directories he may have to cross to reach "work" though (if he doesn't have those rights already) :

setfacl -m u:bob:rx intermediate_directory

As a side note, POSIX ACLs are not new. I remember using them on a Digital Unix system more than twenty years ago. However, the system forgot resetting those ACLs on TTY allocation/deallocation, only the traditional rights, which enabled a few exploits in those old times when device files were statically created...

EDIT : Instead of having to give +rx rights on intermediate directories, you can remount the target directory somewhere else on the filesystem. Let's suppose you have a directory "work", whose absolute path is /x/y/z/work, and you don't want to modify the rights on x, y or z. You can create a /shared/work directory, and remount /x/y/z/work there, using :

mkdir -p /shared/work
mount --bind /x/y/z/work /shared/work

That wouldn't survive across reboots though, so in case you want it to persist, append the following line to /etc/fstab :

/x/y/z/work /shared/work none bind

Doing that will make the work directory contents reachable through /x/y/z/work and /shared/work as well.

But of course, if you don't mind moving /x/y/z/work to some other place :

mkdir /shared
mv /x/y/z/work /shared

is the simplest and best way.


Trying to install Ubuntu on my laptop, screen gets stuck in vertical mode, and wont rotate out of it

Had the same issue when I first switched from Windows 10 to Ubuntu 18.10 on my laptop. What worked for me was opening up terminal and then entering

xrandr --listmonitors At the bottom line on the far right you should get the code for your monitor (for me it said "eDP-1-1") Take that code and put it into

xrandr --output <code> --rotate normal

If the problem comes up each time you reboot, put the command into a bash file and put that file in Startup Applications.


How to backup an Android phone on Ubuntu?

Have you tried Airdoid?

I too have an Android v4 Smartphone and this is what I use to back up all the important files on my phone.  Please note this is not an Ubuntu solution but it works perfectly with Firefox when used with Ubuntu.  It allows me to backup both my system files and of course my all important docs, photos and other media files.  Its a great interim solution while waiting for an FLOSS project to come up with perfect solution for Android users.

  What is AirDroid?

  AirDroid is a fast, free app that lets you wirelessly manage & control
  your Android devices (phone & tablet) from a web browser. It’s
  designed with the vision to bridge the gap between your Android device
  and web browser, on desktop computers or tablet devices, on Windows,
  Mac/iOS, or Linux.

  What can you do with AirDroid?

  You can use AirDroid to send/receive SMS (text messages, if supported
  by the device), install/uninstall apps, transfer files between Android
  device and computer/tablet, and manage contacts, photos, music,
  videos, and ringtones, etc., all in a web browser. Install AirDroid on
  your Android device and open your favorite web browser to experience
  it yourself.
  How to get started with AirDroid and how to log in to AirDroid web desktop?

  Download and install AirDroid app on your Android devices, start the
  app and open your favorite web browser, input the address and Dynamic
  Passcode to log in to AirDroid Web Desktop.

More Information here on the Official Airdroid website


There is a out-of-the-box solution for this in Ubuntu. It is called gedit. Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter

geditEnter

Then type all the characters inside gedit. They will all be recorded. After you are done, save recorded characters File > Save under the menu.

Hope this helps


xorg.conf for Ati Radeon X1300 and Ubuntu 9.10

Usually the xorg.file changes should have no influence on the performance. The point is in choosing better drivers. You may want to try out the proprietary driver from ATI, you can enable it in System->Administration->Drivers.


kidle_inject is introduced by thermald and not by the intel_pstate CPU frequency scaling driver. Try disabling thermald. That being said, the intel_pstate driver does have issues, and so if troubles continue try disabling it also, such that you fall back to the acpi-cpufreq CPU scaling driver. (some "how to" notes from another answer)


Windows 10 was removed while installing Ubuntu 16.04

Can you try doing

sudo update-grub

in a terminal?

Then reboot and if Windows is not corrupted and GRUB detects it then Windows should appear in the boot menu.


How to disable the alt-hotkey behavior on gnome terminal?

Edit > Keyboard Shortcuts..., and uncheck "Enable menu access keys".


How to re-enable or re-install outer glow effect on windows edges and transparency effect on drag?

I don't see any difference except color theme. However, all changes you describe come from either widget theme or window manager effects. Go to app launcher -> System Settings. There are two icons, Application Appearance and Desktop Effects, that encompass the whole topic. Keep an eye on those "Customize" buttons that tend to be unnoticable.
For example, Desktop Effects -> All Effects -> Translunecy -> Moving windows set transparency for moving windows.
Workspace Appearance -> Window Theme ->Oxygen -> Configure ->Advanced ->Shadows has settings for glow.
By "Smooth moving" you mean either Wobbly Windows effect from All Effects or this bug.


Is it possible to convert 7z to tar directly?

.7z archives are archives often compressed with some kind of algorithm, while .tar archives are just archives.

They differ in their scope, and in most cases a conversion would require an optional decompression always followed by an extraction of the source archive. Even if a .7z archive wouldn't use any compression it would still require an extraction.

That being said, If you meant to [decompress] / extract / rearchive the source archive at once, the answer is you can't, at least not using Ubuntu's default tools because tar can't read from stdin, so you can't pipe 7z and tar. Anyway it's very easy to automate everything in a single command:

mkdir tmp && 7z x <path_to_source_archive> -otmp && tar cf archive.tar tmp && rm -rf tmp

* <path_to_archive> = path to the source .7z archive

Also the time required for the source archive's files to be written to the disk and for the extracted files to be read in order to [decompress] / extract / rearchive the source archive in two steps is a bottleneck for the whole task mostly (altough not only) because of a potential disk's low I/O speed, so a partial solution would be to store the temporary files to a ramdisk in order to almost void the overall bottleneck:

Create the mount point for the ramdisk's filesystem: sudo mkdir /mnt/tmpfs
Mount the ramdisk's filesystem: sudo mount -t tmpfs -o size=<tmpfs_size> tmpfs /mnt/ramdisk* <tmpfs_size> = size of the filesystem in bytes * 103 (1, 1K, 1M, 1G, ...)
Run mkdir /mnt/tmpfs/tmp && 7z x <path_to_source_archive> -o/mnt/tmpfs/tmp && tar cf archive.tar /mnt/tmpfs/tmp && rm -rf /mnt/tmpfs/tmp* <path_to_archive> = path to the source .7z archive
Unmount the ramdisk's filesystem: sudo umount
Remove the mount point for the ramdisk's filesystem: sudo rmdir /mnt/tmpfs


How do I change the keyboard shortcuts for switching TTYs?

Apparently, this is a bug:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-shell/+bug/1508146
Running

$ sudo kbd_mode -s

(as suggested in that bug thread) fixed it for me.


There are different possible causes: Either your system is effectively using more power (more cpu activity) and it needs more cooling. A second option is that you miss a driver which disables the fan if it is not needed.

In the first case you will also drain your battery much faster so it is certainly worth looking at these tips:

1) some driver is not installed, often the graphics driver. In this case your cpu will take over. Since it is less efficient, than the graphics card it will use more power.  You can check for binary drivers here:

  In Ubuntu 10.04 and 9:10 this is found under System->Administration->Hardware Drivers.

  Note:In Ubuntu 10:10 Hardware Drivers is now named Additional Drivers
  (from https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BinaryDriverHowto)

2) There are program which wake your system up all the time disabling your cpu to go into power save mode. The best thing you can do is to try installing powertop.

sudo aptitude install powertop

If you run it as root it will give you different tips to save power. Try enabling them and see if your system runs cooler.

sudo powertop

Some more related tips are here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PowerManagement/ReducedPower

3) Some programs cause a high cpu usage. Especially with flash I've noticed this. Does your fan still work loud if you have no programs running? Also try disabling/uninstalling programs which you don't need and which start automatically at boot. One notable program is tracker which indexes your harddrive to make search faster. However if you don't use it, you should remove it (note that it is no longer installed by default, so it may not be a problem for you).


Is there an image viewer that will save zoom settings across images/folders or use 100% as default?

qiv
The answer is qiv:
qiv -W zoom-percentage image1 image2 ...
See http://spiegl.de/qiv/.


Installation

To install MySQL, run the following command from a terminal prompt:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

During the installation process you will be prompted to enter a password for the MySQL root user.

Once the installation is complete, the MySQL server should be started automatically. You can run the following command from a terminal prompt to check whether the MySQL server is running:

sudo netstat -tap | grep mysql

When you run this command, you should see the following line or something similar:

  tcp        0      0 localhost:mysql         :                LISTEN
  2556/mysqld

If the server is not running correctly, you can type the following command to start it:

sudo service mysql restart

More info HERE


Epson fx 890 dot matrix printer custom page size

I had the same issue. Changing the Default-setting mode in the printer worked for me. You can follow the instructions here: http://files.support.epson.com/pdf/fx890_/fx890_u1.pdf

Make sure the printer is on and paper is loaded. Then press the
Menu buttons (ItemU and Set) until the printer beeps and both the
Tear Off/Bin lights turn on.
The printer enters default-setting mode and prints a line showing
which language is currently selected for printing the instructions.
The selected language is underlined.
If you want a different language, press the ItemD button until the
printout shows the language you want underlined.
Press the Set button to accept the language. The printer prints a line
asking if you want to print all the current settings.
To print a list of all the current settings, press the Set button. The
printer prints all the settings and then the first setting again. Go to
step 5.
To go through the settings one at a time, press the ItemD or ItemU
button. The printer prints the first setting and its current value.
Press the Set button to scroll through the options for the selected
setting until you see the one you want.
Press the ItemD or ItemU button to select the next or previous
setting you want to change.
Repeat step 5 for any other settings you want to change.
When you finish, press the Menu buttons again to exit
default-setting mode.
Your new settings become the printer’s defaults


missing grub.cfg file instead have menu.lst on ubuntu 16.04

For add kernel parameters you can editing the /etc/default/grub file and then add your kernel parameters:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Then you can see somethings like this line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

You must to add pci=nomsi after quiet splash as kernel parameters and then save the changes by Ctrl+x.

You can check the changes by this command:

cat /etc/default/grub

After changes you must see somethings like this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pci=nomsi"

And as the last step, you must apply changes by this command:

sudo update-grub

Update: If you see this error /usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: failed to get canonical path of aufs'. , It may be helpful to remounting and remapping.

So do this steps:

As the first step check your Ubuntu and your boot partitions with this command:

lsblk

It may be mounted at / and boot mountpoints.

Then after booting the live disk, mount the Ubuntu partition to /mnt with this command:

sudo mount /dev/sd*# /mnt

For example:

sudo mount /dev/sda8 /mnt

So /dev/sd*# is mounted to your Ubuntu partition.

If you have a separate /boot partition, you'll need to mount it in /mnt/boot as well:

sudo mount /dev/sd*# /mnt/boot

For example:

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/boot

where /dev/sd*# is updated to your /boot partition.

This should mount it with enough access to get the canonical path if needed, but we'll likely not need this.

To finish up, just update grub with the correct root and target:

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sdX

where /dev/sdX is the disk(not the partition) where we want GRUB.

For example:

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda

As an alternative way you can use boot-repair in live disk:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair


How to open Nautilus as admin in Ubuntu 19.04

You may use the GVfs admin backend by adding admin:// to the beginning of the full path to your preferred directory.

For example launch Nautilus and press Ctrl+L to enable the address-bar, and then enter for example admin:/// to open the / directory or admin:///usr/ to open the /usr/ directory.

Alternatively, launch Terminal and run

nautilus admin:///

to open the / directory or

nautilus admin:///usr/

to open the /usr/ directory etc.


I can't boot into Live CD/USB in an old computer

Thanks for all you comments!!!

After updating BIOS, discarting USB and using a new DVD (another DVD burned with another PC) everything worked.


How to enable sound after kernel update on XMBC with cmedia-8783

These are the alsa-mixer setting on my machine:

alsa-mixer shows 8768, which is strange, but i have the cmedia-8783 soundcard


You have wrong keyboard layout selected.

You need to go to the Settings->Keyboard and there select the layout of your keyboard.


Go here:
https://secure.logmein.com/welcome/labs/?iislang=en-US&lang=en#HamachiforLinux

Click "Learn more" and download the appropriate version then double-click it. For GUI do this (after installing Hamachi):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/haguichi
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install haguichi

Source: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Hamachi


I could browse files in nautilus on other hdd partitions before, but can't anymore. Help!

You can install PCMANFM, and use it as your fav file manager to browse all your partitions. Code:

sudo apt-get install pcmanfm

After finished with installing Pcmanfm you should go to Preferences -Advanced and check all 3 boxes related to mount partitions ... in Pcmanfm settings.

You can visit this link to learn how to fix Win7 to dual-boot with Ubuntu.


ubuntu touch clarification, presence of full desktop on tablet, and hardware recommendation

For my understanding there is no other working tablet as of yet, at least it is not promoted, but you can go and have a look for yourself https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Devices

you are right about your assumptions regarding touch and desktop, yet the touch images for frieza and cooler are prepared for the convergence experience so with periphals attached it will behave like a desktop. There are also options to run it in windowed-mode without attached screen. (sorry can't find the link quickly)

Be aware that all ubuntu-touch-images are as for now targeted towards developers - this means it might not work flawlessly and can be more of an hurdle than an help in production use. This said if you want to go along with this, I recommend reading the lengthy install instructions here: https://developer.ubuntu.com/en/phone/devices/installing-ubuntu-for-devices/


Ubuntu 12.10 LTS Wont show my connected Audio outputs

Check alsamixer (type it in terminal) levels. Also, check pulseaudio configuration. If you don't have pulseaudio installed, install it along with pavucontrol via Ubuntu Software Center or Synaptic. Once this is done, open the Pulseaudio Volume Control and check your settings. It'd be wise that your headphones are plugged in and some audio application is generating sound output, so you'll see if the configuration is correct while sending the output to your headphones.


Using LibreOffice Impress' Presenter's Console with a single display

I found a macro on the Libreoffice community site that lets one manually toggle presenter mode without a second screen.

Add show presenter view in Impress | ask.libreoffice.org

Not the cleanest solution, but better than launching a second x-server.


nautilus connect to server via ssh no longer present in ubuntu 14.04

It is still there in "Files > Connect to ..."

Enter sftp://user@address/folder/ and you should be good to go.


It turns out that it was just a mirror issue. changing from archive.ubuntu.com to one of the mirrors listed here:

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archivemirrors
ended up working.