X server started with “-nolisten tcp” in spite of DisallowTCP=false in /etc/gdm/custom.conf

After modifying /etc/gdm3/custom.conf content by adding ServerArguments=-listen tcp. I got xserver running on port 6000

[security]
DisallowTCP=false

[xdmcp]
ServerArguments=-listen tcp


Samba share not accessible from Windows 7 (on domain) via hostname

Clearly, there was an issue with group security policy on the domain- but it was not an option to change security policy for one network share.
Based on my research, the issue was related to how AD created Kerberos tickets- and the domain policy was to only use Kerberos.  Samba works with NTMLv2 but Samba was not responsible for authentication- AD was, and PBIS was responsible for making that happen.

The issue was stemming from Samba not accessing PBIS' keytab file.  I resolved that by entering this in smb.conf under [global]:

Kerberos method = dedicated keytab
dedicated keytab file = /etc/krb5.keytab

The default for Kerberos method is secrets only which uses a tdb file for tickets- that doesn't work with PBIS.  You have to tell Samba to only use the keytab file that PBIS uses.
Once I did that- authentication worked correctly with IP, short hostname, and FQDN.

You can find which keytab file PBIS is using by checking the krb5.conf file (usually /etc/krb5.conf) and checking the default_keytab_name setting.

For reference, here is my smb.conf:

[global]
security = ADS
workgroup = DOMAIN
realm = DOMAIN.COM
machine password timeout = 0
server string = %h
local master = no
encrypt passwords = yes
Kerberos method = dedicated keytab
dedicated keytab file = /etc/krb5.keytab
deadtime = 20
log level = 20
debug pid = true
debug class = yes
log file = /var/log/samba-pbis.log

[test]
comment = test
path = /test
browseable = yes
read only = no
writeable = yes
valid users = @DOMAIN\user1 @DOMAIN\domain^users
admin users = @DOMAIN\domain^admins
guest ok = yes
create mask = 0774
directory mask = 0774
inherit acls = yes
inherit permissions = yes


The latest version is available on the official website, where you can download the tar.gz file (v2020.09.20).
On the homepage, there is a message: "Currently our dev repository is taken down due to DMCA takedown notice by RIAA. Downloads still work as usual."


External monitor high latency on reverse-prime intel/nvidia

The issue was caused by over-agressive power saving on the internal gpu, causing it to drop render the desktops at a reduced framerate. A solution is to select Maximum Performance in the Gnome Settings Power menu on Ubuntu 21.04.


Your graphics card is not capable enough for the game. I doubt that using a low graphics setting would help (if it even exists), and if it could, I don't know whether it would be possible to change the configuration file or not.

And don't feel bad about your graphics card, mine isn't capable enough either ;). If you really want to play the game, try getting a better one (Radeon HD 6950-6970 seems like a good option, since it is around $200-400, and is very powerful)


Installing Icinga2 on Server 16.04 with Raspberry Pi 3

I resolved this by using aptitude

sudo apt-get install aptitude
sudo aptitude install icinga2

cheers
alexis


Change permission of the content of an existing tar.gz file

You can change the permissions in the archive without extracting by opening the archive file in Emacs and editing the permissions in the archive-mode directory listing.

  "The keys M, G, and O change the file’s permission bits, group, and
  owner, respectively.

  Saving the Tar buffer writes a new version of the archive to disk with
  the changes you made to the components."

You don't even need the tar program since Emacs will read the file directly. You will need gzip though.

https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/emacs/File-Archives.html


Most modern programs use fontconfig to access all sorts of fonts so you usually don't see the old-style font specifiers like -xos4-terminus-medium-r-normal--12-120-72-72-c-60-iso10646-1 any more.

Fontconfig prefers fonts you install in ~/.fonts/ over system-wide installed ones with the same name. So in your case fontconfig used the TrueType version of Terminus in ~/.fonts. When you removed the TrueType font fontconfig used the system-wide installed Terminus font from the xfonts-terminus package.


Ubuntu server 17.10 does not apply static IP

make a look to this link, I think there is a huge change with network interfaces file in server 17.xx version ;-)

https://websiteforstudents.com/configuring-static-ips-ubuntu-17-10-servers/


Unable to install multiple things due to libarary problems

Go into software updates and turn on xenial-updates. I had only xenial-security checked. Everything now works fine


Boot up in recovery mode or something. I guess your current system state won't make it to the GUI without Python.
Remove the current dead link.

rm /usr/bin/python

Recreate the link

ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

Don't forget to prepend the commands with sudo if you aren't root at that point.


So, you're talking about two different things:

After formatting, the Main Boot Record remains as an OS installation needs to overwrite it.

Thus, as the MBR is still there but the partition is gone, the GRUB boot loader lets you know that:

  ERROR: no such partition / grub rescue

Can you specify the actual errors? Have you tried hovering or touching the top/bottom?


How to resolve unmet dependencies to install libreoffice-*

libreoffice is an office suite, individual programs have interdependency on back ends. try sudo apt-get install libreoffice to get the entire suite


Sudden use of memory report change to 100%

Thanks to everyone who helped. The answer was something simpler. I had changed the conky script argument, such that resetting, in .conkyrc: no_buffers = true fixed that problem. I mistakenly thought that had something to do with buffering the data used by conky during the interval (?)... thank you.


As I said in another thread, when you're dealing with a single computer, can't really do "cloud" computing because at its core, cloud computing relies on scaling in some direction, be that more CPU power, more memory, disk, bandwidth, user capacity and to do that, you need multiple hardware units to be able to provision things...

In the case of the other thread, there isn't much point breaking up a server into VMs just for multiple services if they're all yours, there's just no benefit.

But to answer the question:

  What is the difference between running VMs and a Ubuntu EC2 cloud?

Elastic provisioning is probably the biggest difference. Amazon have tons of hardware that you can bind your "instance" to, including hot-provisioning CPU time, RAM (IIRC) with an almost infinitely scalable disk platform (S3) behind it. Traditional VMs tend to come with fixed things that can be upgraded but require a VM restart.

A side effect of that, especially with Amazon's EC2 is you pay for what you use. This isn't always good as you can usually find a better value VPS if your machine is doing a lot of work.


How do I uninstall Windows programs from Ubuntu?

Start with an Ubuntu livecd (or liveusb), mount the windows partition (or patitions) and remove or backup elsewhere files not needed to run the windows system, and that take more space, as video files, music files and so on.

You cannot, for what I know, remove correctly windows application without starting the windows system. If it freeze, probably it will freeze even if you try to start it through virtual box (thing that is difficult to setup too).


If Eclipse runs, you have an installed and working Java.

Check your Eclipse distribution, you should install Eclipse IDE for Java Developers or Eclipse IDE for Java EE Developers from here.

EG:

Open the Preferences via

Window > Preferences

and navigate to

Java > Installed JREs

and you will see something like this

Press Add to configure more JREs


Assign static IP via open-vm-tools when provisioning Ubuntu 18.04 on vSphere with Ansible

Solved: Ubuntu 18.04 isn't supported yet. 16.04, works fine. I guess I'll have to wait.


How to move some file to a subdirectory?

Like this ...

cd Books/
mv *LaTeX*.pdf LateX/

You can exchange the "pdf" for a "*" to if you have other extensions.


Kodi media center has many options for displaying audio and video content streamed from another network source.

In case Kodi was installed on the receiver and the media server we can just use Kodi's inbuilt UPnP media server feature. This can be done by enabling "Share my libraries" in Settings > Services > UPnP.

Other than that any Kodi instance can also access network shares in case we had allowed sharing our media directories. Needless to say that any other DLNA server available in the network can be accessed from a Kodi client.

We use miniDLNA running on our media server for a Kodi client attached to our TV.


Swap, Swapiness and Standby: swapping starts when waking up

I suspect that your Lenevo uses an ATI graphics card. Although I am not certain that it is the graphics card that is causing your problem, the following may be useful reading in order of listing.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/391628

Unity does not start after installing the fglrx drivers

I hope this goes some way in assisting you. At your own risk.


ubuntu server 14.04.5 32bit remote gui access

Maybe not directly an answer to the question:

Depends on what you want to do with this "GUI" I have two suggestions. Anyway AFAIK whatever you want to access has to be installed on that machine somehow...

For configuration etc you could try webmin. This is a webUI for Configuration and maintenance. Therefore you can use it remotely of course.
Anyway you also could try a lightweight GUI like xfce4. To install it run

sudo apt install xfce4

this command does only install the basic GUI without additional applications.
It doesn't use a lot resources and you only start it (by startx) when you need it.
To use this one remotely is a bit more complicated and needs x forwarding

On my server's I usually have both.


If you want it to be python, you can use pygi or pyqt with full on webkit browsers.  Then inject arbitrary JS on the page or parse the dom however you prefer.  It's a full on browser, so heavier than some frameworks - it does just work though, unless you're trying to parse DOM rewrites on something that uses a shadow DOM.


I think the most important thing is to have all of the computers use the same name; it seems to work better that way.

In my experience, there is not a standard.  Windows used to use "WORKGROUP" in the old days, but XP seemd to use "MSHOME", if I remember correctly, and I don't know what Windows 7 uses - did they go back to "WORKGROUP"?

It's not that hard to change on either OS, so if all the other computers have one workgroup name, I would use that name as the path of least resistance.

The only reason I see to use a unique name is that you know everyone is configured to the same workgroup when you see them all together.


Can only access one local site inside LAN from mobile device, but not the other

There might be some solution to solve this :

First write in your addresses in /etc/hosts in following format ( write your resolve names in 2 lines ) :

Your machine Lan IP ( 192.168.0.x )   hq.com www.hq.com

Your machine Lan IP ( 192.168.0.x )   devsocialhub.com www.devsocialhub.com
Check /etc/nsswitch file , If it resolve from file or not .
Did you restart your Nginx service ?

Also in your mobile try write http:// in front of your url .

Also check dig command if it return the name record of both of your website if you have DNS on your server .
And your mobile should get DNS configuration from your server ( you need to setup bind or named service ) .


How can I transfer my Unity settings from one machine to another?

On the command line you can use

dconf dump /org/compiz/profiles/unity/ > ccsm.cfg

to save the settings from CCSM into ccsm.cfg and restore them using

dconf load /org/compiz/profiles/unity/ < ccsm.cfg

For the setting from unity-teak-tool it depends on what you changed there as different settings are stored on different places.

Unsettings is another configuration tool for Unity (written by me) that lets you save your settings into and load from a file. It doesn't support all the options that unity-tweak-tools has, but maybe it has the ones you need.


How to use open/openvt with command line arguments?

Aaaaah,forget it, one only needs to add -- after open:

openvt -- ls -l

or

open -- /opt/LumiSoft/Debug/lsMailServer.exe -daemon

respectively


That is not malware, but diodon, a clipboard manager, as you can confirm by killing it with pkill -x diodon. To uninstall it, issue apt purge diodon.


Is it possible to install Landscape openstack in virtual machine?

I noticed you are using Virtualbox for your tests and unfortunately I can't comment to the success of using that software for testing the Openstack installer. However, you could accomplish this easily with virt-manager and KVM.

With that said, the installer uses a combination of KVM/LXC when doing its deployment. If running this within an existing virtual environment you'll want to make sure nested KVM is enabled:

 $ cat /sys/module/kvm_intel/parameters/nested

If not you can enable with

 $ echo “options kvm-intel nested=1″ | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm-intel.conf

This is assuming you have Intel/VMX but the same can be accomplished with AMD/SVM (though I've not tested this thoroughly).

If you need further assistance please come chat with us at #ubuntu-solutions on irc.freenode.net.


Ubuntu 13.10 on MBA 6.2 performance is worse than on MBA 5.2

You must enable the intel_pstate driver via grub to allow turbo boost to work:

http://www.webupd8.org/2014/04/prevent-your-laptop-from-overheating.html

I measured 48 seconds before and 25 seconds after enabling this. You can verify the frequency via:

sudo apt-get install cpufrequtils
cpufreq-info -c 0


sudo hdparm -Y /dev/sdX

where /dev/sdX is the device you'd like to turn off.  You can also run sudo blkid to determine the device's 'fingerprint' (UUID), which would allow you to more reliably control which device is being turned off.

In this case, you'd run:

sudo hdparm -Y /dev/disk/by-uuid/DEVICE-IDENT-HERE

man hdparm

   -Y     Force  an  IDE  drive  to  immediately  enter  the  lowest power
          consumption sleep mode, causing it to shut down  completely.   A
          hard  or soft reset is required before the drive can be accessed
          again (the Linux IDE driver will automatically handle issuing  a
          reset  if/when  needed).   The  current power mode status can be
          checked using the -C option.


LUKS: How can I add more password slots (or remove/change a password)

I assume that the partition is /dev/sda3
If you don't know the name you can list all partitions with lsblk -f.
Add a new password slot:
sudo cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sda3

The next free password slot will be used
First it will ask for a existing valid password, after that you have to input the new password.
The old password will stay valid, as well.

If you want to add a keyfile (instead of a password) it would be
sudo cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sda3 MyKeyFile.txt
Remove a password slot:

Possibility 1: sudo cryptsetup luksRemoveKey /dev/sda3
=> You have to enter the password which you want to delete (it will automatically find the correct password slot)
Possibility 2: sudo cryptsetup luksKillSlot /dev/sda3 2
=> This will delete password slot 2 (you have to enter the password of any other password slot, but not of slot 2
=> This works even if you don't know the password of slot 2
Possibility 3: sudo cryptsetup luksRemoveKey --key-file MyKeyFile.txt /dev/sda3
=> Removes the key file MyKeyFile.txt if it is valid

See how many slots are active:
sudo cryptsetup luksDump /dev/sda3
This will output all settings of luks for this partition.
Test if a password is valid for the partition:
sudo cryptsetup open --verbose --test-passphrase /dev/sda3
Now you can enter a password and it will tell you if it was wrong or to which password slot it belongs.
If you want to test if a KeyFile is valid it works like this:
sudo cryptsetup open --verbose --test-passphrase --key-file MyKeyFile.txt /dev/sda3
Backup the header of a luks partition:
sudo cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/sda3 --header-backup-file MyLuksHeader.dat
sudo chmod +r MyLuksHeader.dat
It will create a file of 16MB.
This is very important to save. If the header is damaged all data is lost without a backup!
List all encrypted file systems:
sudo cat /etc/crypttab
If you need more help you can type man cryptsetup.


Ubuntu laptop when clsing lid no more wifi

I think, you have to check

system->preferences->power management, and this is the place where you can set, how the laptop has to behave when the lid is closed.


Upstart for docker and setuid permissions

FOUND IT!!

Problem is specifying -t which can never work because it's allocating a pseudo-TTY. A similar problem with systemd was reported but this one was for upstart.

So changing to this was all I had to do:

sudo docker run -i ubuntu

Seems easy now, never just copy options without realizing what they do.


How can I redirect back from https to http URL's after I removed a SSL certificate of let's encrypt in apache2 & nginx

Thanks everyone for their effort to help... I found the problem... there was a redirection in the default.conf and I deleted it and now everything works if it can help someone else I would be very glad


Why is Rhythmbox becoming the default (again)?

Answer about why Rhythmbox was chosen from the Ubuntu Desktop Mailing list

  Based upon broader community feedback, it seems the preference is RB.
  Now, we have to be careful with that, obviously, but we simply use that as
  a data point.
  Size of both projects on CD. Alone, not a deciding point, but another
  data point.
  Stability in core function. Banshee has many features, though the
  general impression is that it has stability issues with frequent crashes
  and hangs needing force quits. RB is known to be quite stable.
  User Experience (including usability, overall feel, responsiveness).
  Banshee has the edge here, though can be less responsive (UI hangs). RB has
  some UI challenges that were detailed in Charline's usability report.
  Speed in start up and operation. This seems mostly a draw. Tweaks can be
  made to Banshee to improve cold startup time, though it does have moments
  were it hangs mid operation, but they seem more related to overall
  stability.
  ARM - Big unknown for Banshee.
  GTK3 - RB is already GTK3. Banshee is almost there, but carries more
  risk as it would be new binding stack


Ubuntu isn‘t booting properly after messing around with the graphic drivers

Start up the machine.
Hold Shift to bring up GRUB.
Pick a recovery option. (Alternatively, sometimes you can press CTRL + ALT + F3 and just go into a terminal).
Reverse what you have done.
Try the Oibaf drivers.

=== Basic usage ===
See "Adding this PPA to your system" later on, or just do:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
and update your Ubuntu with the package here.
sudo apt install mesa-vulkan-drivers


Why I am no able to install audacity from neither the ppa repositories, nor the the .deb file?

NOTE:- The following steps of removing a ppa can be done in better ways as stated at AskUbuntu.

You did not add a proper ppa. As such you will keep receiving that error when you use apt. To view your list of ppas and external repositories type the following in your terminal:

ls -l /etc/apt/sources.list.d

There check for any unusal ppas something that you don't remember adding. From your output in your question, there should be a file named something like should be link here.list or link here.list. Remove these files by typing the command:

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/<the file name>

Also, the following ppa does not have a release candidate for Xenial:

https://launchpad.net/~cdekter/+archive/ubuntu/ppa

So, you might want to remove it from the directory /etc/apt/sources.list.d

Finally, update your list, using the command:

sudo apt-get update

The errors should be gone by now.


I would advise you to install sun's (sun-java6-jdk for natty) official version.

I think the quality of openjdk really increased lately, but it's still a copy of the official distribution.

You may also try to install it from the command-line (sudo apt-get install [package]). It may give you more feedback on what goes wrong.


What strategies (especially available software) do you use to keep passwords safe?

There is one called Password Card, http://www.passwordcard.org/en it is not a software but is very secure... :)


During the freezes you'll have to actually check what the system is doing, or log it somewhere.

You can start by reading out the output of:

/var/log/syslog
/var/log/dmesg

Sadly I don't have any suggestions of what might be causing the issues, other then the graphic card driver, which might not be at its best shape yet.


Another ubuntu one music problem with ID3-Tags ("unknown artist" problem)

Diverse MP3 players (and probably the UBUNTU One cloud, too) don't support ID3v2.4. Your tagging software has to write the tags in ID3v2.3 (and ISO 8859-1).


To use Dropbox Uploader, download the script and make it executable.

$ wget https://raw.github.com/andreafabrizi/Dropbox-Uploader/master/dropbox_uploader.sh
$ chmod +x dropbox_uploader.sh

To list all contents in the top-level directory:

$ ./dropbox_uploader.sh list

To list all contents in a specific folder:

$ ./dropbox_uploader.sh list Documents/manuals

To upload a local file to a remote Dropbox folder:

$ ./dropbox_uploader.sh upload snort.pdf Documents/manuals

To download a remote file from Dropbox to a local file:

$ ./dropbox_uploader.sh download Documents/manuals/mysql.pdf ./mysql.pdf

To download an entire remote folder from Dropbox to a local folder:

$ ./dropbox_uploader.sh download Documents/manuals ./manuals

To create a new remote folder on Dropbox:

$ ./dropbox_uploader.sh mkdir Documents/whitepapers

To delete an entire remote folder (including all its contents) on Dropbox:

$ ./dropbox_uploader.sh delete Documents/manuals

You can check this site :

Site

It may be helpful .


You can also find the superblock with

mkfs.ext4 -n /dev/sda
mkfs.ext2 -n /dev/sda

(pick ext4/ext2 if your system is ext4/ext2; REPLACE sda with your disk). From the manual:

  -n Causes mke2fs to not actually create a filesystem, but display what it would do if it were to create a filesystem. This can be used to determine the location of the backup superblocks for a particular filesystem, so long as the mke2fs parameters that were passed when the filesystem was originally created are used again.

Repairing

fsck -b 11111 /dev/sda

where 11111 is the superblock, and sda the partition (REPLACE both with what you need).


lsusb only print the USB root hubs and devices that are connected to them. For instance your keyboard and mouse are both on bus 003, that is a root hub 2.0.

A root hub is a USB-device, that distributes the USB-signal over multiple ports. So your ouput only means, that there is just one USB 3.0 hub. But you can connect multiple devices on it.

The USB subsystem has the form of a tiered star:

Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier levels.


Ubuntu 12.04 is soundless! (only ready and startup :( )

One problem I've noticed with the sound is that there is a separate volume slider for alerts, and it is often minimized.  This causes many sound effects to be muted.

Open the Sound Settings dialog, which you can get to from "System Settings", "sound", and check the tab for "Sound Efficts"; right at the top is a slider for "Alert volume:".  Make sure this slider is high enough (to the right) to be heard, and, of course, does not have the "Mute" checkbox checked.

If this isn't it, perhaps there's another setting that will help, but it's unclear from your question exactly what problem you're having.


How Do I Stop This from Happening (brokenCount > 0)

Using sudo apt-get -f install It fixed my issue


How to have a process come first during shutdown sequence?

As you mentioned in a comment, systemd shuts down services in the reverse order that they are started.

You can create a new target that forces your command to be started last and shutdown first. Then set your system to boot to this new "target" state instead of the "multi-user.target" or "graphical.target".

In your new service, set ExecStop= to be the thing you want to run first on shutdown.


I have a Gigabyte Brix Pro (GB-BXi7-4770R) with G.Skill 16 GB DDR3-1866 Kit (F3-1866C10D-16GRSL, Ripjaws) and a Mushkin Atlas Deluxe (MKNSSDAT240GB-DX) 240GB SSD currently running Ubuntu 14.04 (dualboot with Arch Linux).

With 14.04 everything works out-of-the box, older Ubuntu versions encountered (disk)problems during installation (file corruption).

My Brix Pro has an Intel Iris Pro 5200 GPU, Gigabyte has also announced an Brix Gaming which is AMD-based (GB-BXA8G-8890).

The Brix-based Steambox will, IMHO, most-likely have a Nvidia GPU.


How do i completly remove ubuntu 12.04 from my laptop?

Delete Ubuntu

Boot live cd/usb of ubuntu, type gparted into the terminal, turn the Linux partition [ext4] and swap etc. into NTFS and format.

Remove Grub

Boot from the Windows CD, enter the recovery console press R when it asks you whether you want to install windows etc. When you're at the console, type:

fixmbr

and that will remove GRUB from your system.

Got the grub bit from here

Fix Partitions

You might be able to try and extend your original windows partition over the old Ubuntu ones, but that might be dangerous territory. Otherwise you would have to reformat windows partition. Don't forget to make a full back up of your windows.


Print to an Ubuntu Printer that is not supported by Windows 7

I found this tip for Vista which should work in Windows 7.

  All you need to do is to download the Windows XP driver file for HP laserJet 1000 from HP website. It's the one named HP LaserJet 1000 Host Based Driver

  Right click and unzip the .exe file you've just downloaded
  Go to Printers (Control Panel\Hardware and Sound\Printers)
  Right click anywhere in the window and select Add a printer. The popup window should now appear
  Click Add a local printer
  Click Next
  Click Have Disk
  Browse to the location of unzipped folder you (See step 1)
  My printer was with USB so I choose zUSB.inf (not sure about serial, u might have to choose HPLJ1000 for serial)
  Click Open and then OK

  Computer will install the printer named HP LaserJet 1000, but it won't work.

  Now Connect your printer to the computer. Vista will look for the printer driver and install the printer which will work. You should now delete the printer named "HP LaserJet 1000" and make "HP LaserJet 1000 (Copy)" the default printer. You might want to rename it too.

Source: http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en/itprovistaprinting/thread/90bbd29f-6ab8-4192-8bbc-923558781cb5


From your comments it appears that your ext4 filesystem on /dev/sda1 has errors, so the first thing is to do a filesystem check.
Since this is probably your root filesystem, it might be a good idea to do this while it is not active, so I suggest you use a live filesystem (Ubuntu on a USB stick, i.e. any not-too-old Ubuntu installation image written to a USB stick) to do that:
Boot the live filesystem, open a shell window and first find out what device your normal disk is; the lsblk command will be useful:
sh@balrog:~$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 931,5G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0  97,7G  0 part /win/boot
└─sda2   8:2    0 833,9G  0 part /win/app
sdb      8:16   0 931,5G  0 disk
├─sdb1   8:17   0     2G  0 part
├─sdb2   8:18   0    30G  0 part /hd-root-18-04
├─sdb3   8:19   0    30G  0 part /hd-root-14-04
├─sdb4   8:20   0     1K  0 part
└─sdb5   8:21   0 869,5G  0 part /work
sdc      8:32   0 232,9G  0 disk
├─sdc1   8:33   0     2G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sdc2   8:34   0    30G  0 part /
├─sdc3   8:35   0    30G  0 part /ssd-root-20-04
└─sdc4   8:36   0 170,9G  0 part /ssd-work
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

It is possible that the USB stick you just booted from is now /dev/sda; in that case, your normal disk will be /dev/sdb. Check the blkid output and compare the partition sizes to what you'd expect. Then start a (forced) filesystem check:
sudo fsck -f /dev/sdb1

(or fsck -f /dev/sda1, depending on which disk is which)
If it reports errors and asks if it should fix them, answer y for "yes". If it reports so many errors that it becomes tedious to answer them, terminate it with Ctrl+C and restart it with the -y parameter added:
sudo fsck -f -y /dev/sdb1

(or -fy for short)
When this is done, shut down the live system; or you can do it a bit more brutally with
sync
sudo reboot

sync writes all pending disk buffers.
If this problem reappears, check with the smartmontools if your disk starts getting hardware problems.


Dell ACPI Backlight brightness doesn't change on 20.04

Changing the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line in /etc/default/grub from:
"quiet splash nomodeset acpi_backlight=vendor acpi_osi=linux"

to
"quiet splash acpi_backlight=legacy"

works perfectly! It also fixed the 'nvidia-settings' blank window issue.
Check this post for full info 13.04 Upgrade – Brightness not working


I have come across this problem myself.

Compiler: gcc
Debugger: gdb
Editor: geany

Assuming you have installed gcc and gdb by this.
Install gcc and gdb
sudo apt install gcc gdb

To install geany:
sudo apt install geany

To install the plugins for geany:
sudo apt install geany-plugins

Restart geany if open now.
To activate the debugger in geany: menu->tools->plugin manager
, checkbox the debugger.
Change the build commands to include the -g flag:
menu->build->build commands
Set the compile command to:
gcc -g -Wall -c "%f"

Set the build command to:
gcc -g -Wall -o "%e" "%f"

And now you can set breakpoints in your code by clicking next to the line numbers. You will see a red square.
In the menu->view->show message window
You will have a tab called debug.
Click the debug tab then click the target tab.
Choose your target(if you build "example.c" and set output to "example" which you would normally run with "./example" you would choose "example" as target.
On the right side of that window you can start the debugging.


How to display $PATH as one directory per line?

You can do this with any one of the following commands, which substitutes all occurrences of : with new lines \n.
sed:
$ sed 's/:/\n/g' <<< "$PATH"

tr:
$ tr ':' '\n' <<< "$PATH"

python:
$ python -c 'import sys;print(sys.argv[1].replace(":","\n"))' "$PATH"


Why does my Lubuntu Software Centre only show installed apps?

As Jokerdino suggested I reinstalled the software centre from synaptic and all is well. I think actually I could have gotten away with doing a

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lubuntu-software-center

would have worked as well.

Thanks for the suggestions.


Need help with an script executed in terminal

Are you trying to perform some multiplications in the nested for loops and assign the values to a and y?

Check out the values generated here:

#!/bin/bash

for i in {1..7}; do
    for j in {1..5}; do
        a=$(( $i*630 ))
        y=$(( $j*900 ))
        echo "a: " $a "y: " $y
    done
done


How to create a .torrent using the command line?

How about ctorrent?

sudo apt-get install ctorrent
ctorrent -t -u "http://tracker.example.com:6969/announce" -s example.torrent file_or_dir_to_upload

It's also a very good client.


Connecting to Internet using TataPhoton 3G dongle(ZTE MF190) Ubuntu 12.04

First you need to connect to internet some how beause some packages need to be installed. I had similar issue with my tatadocomo3g dongle. So I connected to internet using win7 and downloaded sakis3g and ran it on ubuntu(I have dual boot OS with win7 and Ubuntu 13.10).

You can get Sakis3g from here. Extract it and open a terminal and run sakis3g.

Then follow only steps  explained in here to connect to internet. Now you are connected to internet.

Then if you want to install photon dashboard then follow these steps (remove Photon3G folder in  /opt if you have already installed it once and if not working.)

Before start installing open softwarecenter and install wvdial (some times if yout software center not detecting connection then run   sudo stop network-manager in terminal)
Open the Linux folder in Photon3G datacard and copy PCL_TATADOCIND.tar.gz to Desktop folder and extract it.
Open it go to tools then  open deb then open qt and open libqt3-mt_3.3.8-b-0ubuntu3_i386.deb using softwarecenter and install it, also install libaudio2_1.9.1-1_i386.deb.
Then go back to deb/wvdial folder and install libwvstreams4.4-base_4.4.1-0.2ubuntu2_i386.deb then after that libwvstreams4.4-extras_4.4.1-0.2ubuntu2_i386.deb  then libuniconf4.4_4.4.1-0.2ubuntu2_i386.deb , libxplc0.3.13_0.3.13-1build1_i386.deb and libmng1_1.0.9-1_i386.deb one by one using softwarecenter. (If it shows already latest version installed then no problem otherwise install.)
Now after installed all packages you are ready to install.
Open terminal type

cd Desktop/

cd PCL_TATADOCIND/

sudo sh install.sh

Now it will install properly and Photon3G software will start working.

  This is how I installed Tataphoton3g software and it is working in ubuntu 13.10 :-).


Reinstalling Ubuntu without formatting /home, as well as without any old config files?

I've done this quite often now - almost every time I did upgrade my system or (especially) if I switched to another distro.
I normally log out, go to a console and log in as root directly (or depending on system configuration, as another user and switch to root), cd to /home folder and simply change my user's home folder name e.g. to "myUserName.bak".
e.g.:

sudo mv /home/myUserName /home/myUserName.bak

After installation I can safely move all data needed to the newly created home folder for my user. (That's also a good point for thinking whether you e.g. really need that folder of big files you never touched the last 2 years ;) )

edit as suggested by comments:
before you can access the files and folders from your renamed home folder you have to

sudo chown -R newUser.newUsersGroup /home/myUserName.bak


Trying replace Windows 8 with Ubuntu 13.04

This little tool should solve your issue: Boot-Repair

You can use it either from your Ubuntu disc, or via a dedicated rescue disc.


HDMI monitor not receiving signal after waking up from suspend mode

Did you check if the monitor is with energy mode on? If it is so, try turn it off.


I found a workaround on the BinaryDriverHowto page, under the Installation without X header.

You can run sudo ubuntu-drivers devices to see the detected drivers, and use apt to install them yourself. Here's the example as listed on that page:

sudo ubuntu-drivers devices

== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==

vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00000DDAsv000017AAsd000021D1bc03sc00i00
model    : GF106GLM [Quadro 2000M]
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
driver   : nvidia-304-updates - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-304 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-331 - distro non-free recommended
driver   : nvidia-331-updates - distro non-free

sudo apt-get install nvidia-331


I regularly install Ubuntu on computers and I've never encountered a device it didn't work on. According to the specs you've given I think it's going to work. Nevertheless if you're in doubt take a live cd/usb, boot it and you'll see what happens. As long as you don't install from the live cd/usb it won't hurt your computer. If you like how it works then you can install from it. About everything to know about the live cd is available on this page.


Adding my user to sudoers does not work. Still ask for password

Moving the user's line to an external file fixed it:

$ sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/myOverrides


Is your user a member of group fuse?

If not, please do:

~$ sudo adduser $USER fuse

Try to take a look at the permissions of the file:

~$ ls -l /etc/fuse.conf

It should be like this:

~$ -rw-r----- 1 root fuse 216 2011-05-18 07:12 /etc/fuse.conf

If not, please, correct it.

~$ sudo chmod 640 /etc/fuse.conf

Don't forget to logout and login again after adding your user to the group fuse.

Let me know if it solved your problem.

Regards.


How do I prevent Nautilus from hiding some file extensions?

Those are not hidden files, they are "desktop" files. I don't know to show real names of desktop files in a general manner but simply changing them to non-executable does what you want.

So to do this for each file, right click the file and follow the steps:

-> properties -> permissions -> Uncheck: Allow executing file as program

Via terminal:

chmod -x /where/is/this/desktop/file.desktop

But, if you do so, you can not execute the application using this .desktop file.


What are the contents of a language pack?

The language-pack-* packages contain translations for the user interfaces of the various applications found in Ubuntu, mostly in the form of gettext message catalogues.

If you configure your user account to use a locale covered by the language pack, the user interface should then be displayed in that language when you next log in (few applications support changing their UI language while they are running).

In most cases, you wouldn't install the language-pack-* packages directly, but instead install the corresponding language-support-* package, which will give you other resources used by the language (e.g. spell checking dictionaries).

If you want to change the language settings of your Ubuntu system, the easiest method is with the Language Support control panel found under System Settings.


How do I pin a file shortcut to Ubuntu dock?

Follow the steps below.

Create a .desktop file (say spreadsheet1.desktop) in ~/.local/share/applications/ directory. You can do that by running the following command in Terminal:

touch ~/.local/share/applications/spreadsheet1.desktop

Open the file with a text editor, for example by running

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/spreadsheet1.desktop

Then add the following lines:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=XYZ spreadsheet
Exec=xdg-open /full/path/to/XYZ-spreadsheet.ods
Comment=Launch XYZ spreadsheet
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=x-office-spreadsheet

Save the file.
Click on "Activities" or "Show Applications" and search for "XYZ spreadsheet". It should appear.
Right click on it and mark as favourite.

Note: The xdg-open command opens the file with the default application associated with the file-type. You can alternatively set

Exec=libreoffice /full/path/to/XYZ-spreadsheet.ods

in the .desktop file to always open the file with LibreOffice Calc.


You need to install guest additions.

Start a virtual machine, go to "Devices" menu and select "Install guest additions".

Windows video driver will be installed.

You will be able to set custom resolutions by resizing VM window by your mouse.


Ubuntu 12.04 takes long time to show desktop

You can press ESC while is loading (showing the ubuntu-dots loading) and see what's happening...

or you can switch to other distro maker like https://github.com/clearkimura/Customizer


I continually get an error when trying to "make" suckless terminal

You have to install necessary development packages for fontconfig.pc, freetype2.pc and X11:
sudo apt-get install build-essential libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype-dev x11proto-dev libx11-dev libxft-dev

And then retry compilation.


VNC Remote access like a graphical console

From your Ubuntu client machine:

go to the dash:

type remmina

open the application,

click the little green +

change the name "Quick Connect" to WhatEverYouWant.

click on protocol and choose VNC - Virtual Network Computing

click on Server and add the IP address

optional: add the username and password there

click Save

Double-click WhatEverYouWant
Done!  ;-)


Built python 2.7.3 from source, now apt-get doesn't work "ImportError: No module named apt_pkg"

By default the PATH will be set /usr/local/bin before /usr/bin which would cause this issue. A simple solution is to rename the /usr/local/bin/python executable to /usr/local/bin/python2.7.3 or something similar. Then to use this new name in situations where you need the new version.


Kubuntu 14.04 suddenly boots to black screen

So I have tried to: reinstall kubuntu-desktop, intel drivers, reconfigure xorg and few other things. Nothing helped and lead to the exact same symptoms as described above.

I backed up all my files from live USB and when I was decided to erase Kubuntu partition and clean install one again from Windows, I gave a desperate "last try" to booting into Kubuntu. The same way the issue with black screen came, it was suddenly gone. Everything works like charm now...


I am not the bash specialist on AU, but I have the feeling you mean:

#!/bin/bash

echo "Enter first string"
read str1

echo "Enter second string"
read str2

if [ -z "$str1" ] && [ -z "$str2" ]; then
    echo "first and second string length is zero"
else
    echo "first and second string length is not zero"
fi

So that the output is "first and second string length is zero" only if both lengths are zero, right?


A default rEFIt installation goes in the OS X root (/) partition, so deleting that partition will also delete rEFIt.

The safest thing for you to do is nothing. Triple-boot setups like yours on Macs are very delicate, and attempting to mess with them is asking for trouble. If you need the disk space, it's better to add a new disk than to try messing with what you've got. If that's out of the question, though, the safest way to proceed is as follows:

Either re-install rEFIt to the EFI System Partition (ESP) or install the newer rEFInd there. Doing this is documented but not supported for rEFIt, and both documented and supported (but not recommended) for rEFInd. (The problem is that some Macs suffer from a ~30-second delay when booting rEFIt or rEFInd from the ESP.)
Test the above to be sure that rEFIt/rEFInd is working acceptably from the ESP. If you have problems, back out by re-installing rEFIt or rEFInd to the OS X root partition.
In Linux, use mkfs on the OS X partition. For instance, if it's /dev/sda2 in Linux, you could use sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda2.
Optionally, us gdisk to change the type code for the partition from AF00 to 8300. Linux doesn't really care about this, but if you subsequently boot OS X (even as an emergency disk), this should keep OS X from doing something nasty to the partition.

At this point, you should be able to use the new space for user files. Most desktop environments will present it as an empty disk device that they'll auto-mount somewhere under /media. Alternatively, you could mount the partition wherever you like by creating an entry in /etc/fstab. If you need to store system files, you'll need to boot into an emergency system, mount your main system somewhere, mount the new partition somewhere convenient, move files, create an /etc/fstab entry, and reboot.

A still more radical option is to use gdisk to convert the disk from GPT to MBR and begin treating the computer like a conventional BIOS-based machine. This may be cleaner in the long run if you want to use nothing but BIOS-mode OSes, but it's riskier in the short term. You could end up with something that won't boot until you re-install GRUB or make other repairs. You would not use rEFIt or rEFInd in such a configuration, just GRUB. Once the conversion is done, you can do the type of filesystem conversion I've described on it.


Bash script to check if mdadm is installed if not it will install it

This is the needed script (say script.sh)

#!/bin/sh

for P; do
    dpkg -s "$P" >/dev/null 2>&1 && {
        echo "$P is installed."
    } || {
        echo "Installing $P"
        aptitude -y install $P
    }
done

Usage: script.sh mdadm

You can also check for as many packages as you need

Usage: script.sh mdadm package2 package3 ...

EDIT: For only one package you can do the following:

    dpkg -s "mdadm" >/dev/null 2>&1 && {
        echo "mdadm is installed."
    } || {
        echo "Installing mdadm"
        aptitude -y install mdadm
    }


Is Ubuntu Compatible with Bluetooth 4.0?

Ubuntu uses the Bluez protocol stack for Bluetooth. From supported protocols we can see what is supported at present:

  Core specification 4.0. Not (yet) 3.0+HS. Includes GAP, L2CAP, RFCOMM and SDP   from BlueZ

So the answer is yes, we do support Bluetooth 4.0. You may want to search for specific bugs or incompatibilites with existing brand-new hardware, or have a look at the BlueZ development branches at GIT for more details on future plans, and to find out if your device or a protocol your device needs has issues.


Changed root directory's permissions to 644, how can I change it back?

You could try to boot the system with a Live CD and see if you can change the permissions on the root directory by mounting the hardrive as a secondary device.

You'll need to know which were the permissions by default.


Kompozer gives an error when runned under 12.10 amd64

I have the same problem with kompozer on ubuntu 12.10.
But, there is a solution to the problem.
Just visit this link , and yes it is voor xubuntu but its the same solution for ubuntu.
I just installed it and everything seems to be working fine.


"pip install requirements.txt" command returns many errors, including 404 not found

You are missing -r command flag, so go again with:

pip install -r requirements.txt

As it was before, pip just try to get requirements-txt from remote store expecting it to be a package name.

See pip help install

  Usage:

  pip install [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
  pip install [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...

...
  pip also supports installing from "requirements files", which provide
  an easy way to specify a whole environment to be installed.

  Install Options:

  -r, --requirement <file>    Install from the given requirements file. This option
                              can be used multiple times.


You don't get a block device on the client using NFS, so you don't mount a filesystem remotely using NFS, instead you mount it as NFS. At the client it's of no interest what the actual file system is on the NFS server. Similar to how SCP, FTP and CIFS also doesn't care - it's on a different level.

So, the

sudo mount -t ext4

becomes

sudo mount -t nfs

For Ubuntu, you'll need the nfs-common package to be able to have the nfs type of mount available.


Sounds to me like the permissions on the remote machine's shared directory somehow changed. Or the remote machine's credentials changed.

Is this DHCP?  I've had it happen that the machine changed IP and a new machine took the old IP and then kicked you out because you didn't have the permission, when really it was just telling you "Hey, it's the other dude, Jim, not Pete."

Your credential file is probably fine, just like you say.

Have you done any updates recently?


The "man" pages are not very well laid out or even helpful at times, alternatives?

What you're asking for might not be well-defined. Not every command has "that one option most users would use."

However, you said that for man you'd want to see something like:

  Its a program gives you more details of a command.

For information like that about commands, use whatis. This summarizes man pages.

ek@Kip:~$ whatis man
man (7)              - macros to format man pages
man (1)              - an interface to the on-line reference manuals
ek@Kip:~$ whatis whatis
whatis (1)           - display manual page descriptions
ek@Kip:~$ whatis ls
ls (1)               - list directory contents
LS (6)               - display animations aimed to correct users who accident...
ek@Kip:~$ whatis ping
ping (8)             - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts

This still doesn't give you any information about command-line options for the commands (but then again, neither does "It's a program that gives you more details of a command").

If you want an intermediate amount of information, the best course might be for you to look up the command on the Internet. You can search the web for it, or even Wikipedia. Many of the most well known and commonly used commands have Wikipedia articles. For example, see the articles on ls, man (about manpages in general, but includes man syntax advice), grep, and fsck.

You can browse the web from the command-line, if you wish, by using a web browser that supports command-line mode (such as links2 ), or a command-line only browser (like lynx ).

Finally, please note that many command-line utilities in Ubuntu come from the GNU project, which provides excellent documentation. Often it's longer and more detailed than the manual pages, but you might find it better organized. And usually there are descriptive headings that help you find specific information, in my experience much more easily than in many manpages.

GNU manuals can be found here. (Remember not all utilities are GNU utilities.) Many of the most commonly used commands don't appear by name but are part of GNU coreutils. GNU manuals can be viewed online and also may be downloaded in various file formats, some of which are well-suited to viewing on the command-line.


Landscape installation takes a long time

Looks like the MAAS nodes never left the "pending" state. Can you select a node in MAAS and click "start", and see if it reaches the "Deployed" state?

I suggest to configure juju to use MAAS (https://jujucharms.com/docs/stable/config-maas) and then try to bootstrap and deploy the simple ubuntu charm to all nodes. This is a good pre-flight check.

Once you have the ~/.juju/environments.yaml file configured as per instructions from the link above, it's a simple matter of:

juju bootstrap
juju deploy ubuntu -n N

Where N is the number of nodes you have in MAAS minus 1 (which was used for bootstrapping).


Writing drivers & stuff: sources for learning

You can check out some of the Questions on Stackoverflow.com (site based on the same engine as this one). Here is a link to linux driver tags.

This one seems to have some links to some tutorials that may help you.


Why does an encrypted folder totally fill my /home/ folder?

If you have mounted your encrypted home, the unencrypted "view" of the filesystem seems to occupy the same amount of diskspace in addition to the encrypted files, but only the encrypted files are actually occupying disk space (so, this disk space is used only once, not twice).


5 GB of hard-drive space (or USB stick, memory card or external drive
  but see LiveCD for an alternative approach)

You can find information about system requirements here.

For your grub problem, you are going to have to give some more details.


SHASUMS AND grep in verifying Ubuntu download

The grep command is just there to clean up the output for you. The hash checker checks against all the disk images, so the grep command keeps things simple.

With grep:

ubuntu-core-16-amd64.img.xz: OK

Without grep:

ubuntu-core-16-amd64.img.xz: OK
sha256sum: ubuntu-core-16-cm3.img.xz: No such file or directory
ubuntu-core-16-cm3.img.xz: FAILED open or read
sha256sum: ubuntu-core-16-dragonboard-410c.img.xz: No such file or directory
ubuntu-core-16-dragonboard-410c.img.xz: FAILED open or read
sha256sum: ubuntu-core-16-dragonboard.img.xz: No such file or directory
ubuntu-core-16-dragonboard.img.xz: FAILED open or read
sha256sum: ubuntu-core-16-i386.img.xz: No such file or directory
ubuntu-core-16-i386.img.xz: FAILED open or read
sha256sum: ubuntu-core-16-pi2.img.xz: No such file or directory
ubuntu-core-16-pi2.img.xz: FAILED open or read
sha256sum: ubuntu-core-16-pi3.img.xz: No such file or directory
ubuntu-core-16-pi3.img.xz: FAILED open or read
sha256sum: WARNING: 6 listed files could not be read

Update:
Sorry, I missed the 2>&1 part of your question. That portion directs any error messages to the same place as the standard output messages. This page explains that quirky idiom: https://www.brianstorti.com/understanding-shell-script-idiom-redirect/


Terminal stuck at top left corner and I can't move it

Press Ctrl-D or type "exit" to exit the shell. This will also close the terminal window.
Maybe you moved the terminal such that you can no longer see the title bar? Press and hold Alt, then click with the left mouse button anywhere in the terminal window and drag it to view.


Cannot run a systemtap script on xenial. Possible SSL issue

The error message from this older version of systemtap is not specific enough about the problem.  The key line is "Using a compile server.".  Why is it using such a server?  Because your account does not have the privileges required to build & run an arbitrary systemtap script.  Systemtap is hoping that by using a compile server that has been authorized by your local sysadmin, your unprivileged user may be able to run the script.  Then that effort fails because none of the servers it found are so authorized.

So, what to do?  The easiest thing to do is to run systemtap as root: sudo stap .....  The second easiest thing to do is to get your userid put into the stapdev and stapusr UNIX groups, which is roughly root-equivalent in power.  In both these cases, you can locally build & run arbitrary stap scripts.  The third easiest thing to do is to set up the remote compilation & limited privilege stuff; for that see man stap-server.


First Boot into your USB and the ubuntu options will be displayed on ur screen. First it will ask to choose ur language (default is English) after that select try ubuntu without installing. ENJOY . Note Their Could Be some Lag bcoz its booting from usb / CD /Dvd.


See which windows are open with quicklaunch on Lubuntu 18.04

You can add "Task Bar (Window List)" to the panel.

Then your open windows are shown in the middle of the panel.

This is LXDE on top of stock Ubuntu so it looks a little different than yours but I think the answer still applies.


From GIMP, click on the Edit Menu and select Preferences.  Then select Tool Options.  Click on "Save Tool Options Now" to save it as default when you reopen GIMP.

Hope this helps!


How can I dual-boot with Windows 7 if the installer does not detect it?

I know a very simple and time saving trick for this. You will need a small amazing os called puppy linux for this operation. It's a small os about 200mb designed to run from cd's only. With this method you'll save several minutes and alot of energy. First install the Ubuntu using the something else method. After that, you're pc will boot straight into ubuntu without detecting windows at all. The remove the Ubuntu bootable cd and put in the precise puppy cd. When puppy boots, go to the menu and look for grub dos or something like that name. I don't remember the exact name but usually there's two grub one with dos name and the other with legacy name, so choose the one with dos. Use the grub software to set up a dual boot menu. It automatically detects all the operating systems that you have in your hard drives, takes a few seconds or minutes to do that and after installing the dual boot, you can customize it by editing the menu via the text. Just copy paste the text of the oses where you want each to arrange. For example if you want the windows to be the first one, when you start grub installer select single menu list and then after it open the menu text, just copy the text for windows and paste it at the first line before the other os. This is a very simple process. I hope you understand my english. I'm not good english dude.


How do I theme the xscreensaver unlock screen?

The closest you can come to theming is to change the colours/fonts & date-time format.  Anything more will probably need to recompile xscreensaver and change the source.
For example -

can be changed to -

how to
Using leafpad (leafpad ~/.Xresources) create/amend the file .Xresources located in the home folder.
Copy and paste the following for the first picture above:
xscreensaver.splash: false

!font settings
xscreensaver.Dialog.headingFont:        -*-dina-bold-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
xscreensaver.Dialog.bodyFont:           -*-dina-medium-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
xscreensaver.Dialog.labelFont:          -*-dina-medium-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
xscreensaver.Dialog.unameFont:          -*-dina-medium-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
xscreensaver.Dialog.buttonFont:         -*-dina-bold-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
xscreensaver.Dialog.dateFont:           -*-dina-medium-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
xscreensaver.passwd.passwdFont:         -*-dina-bold-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

!general dialog box (affects main hostname, username, password text)
xscreensaver.Dialog.foreground:         #ffffff
xscreensaver.Dialog.background:         #111111
xscreensaver.Dialog.topShadowColor:     #111111
xscreensaver.Dialog.bottomShadowColor:  #111111
xscreensaver.Dialog.Button.foreground:  #666666
xscreensaver.Dialog.Button.background:  #ffffff

!username/password input box and date text colour
xscreensaver.Dialog.text.foreground:    #666666
xscreensaver.Dialog.text.background:    #ffffff
xscreensaver.Dialog.internalBorderWidth:24
xscreensaver.Dialog.borderWidth:        20
xscreensaver.Dialog.shadowThickness:    2

!timeout bar (background is actually determined by Dialog.text.background)
xscreensaver.passwd.thermometer.foreground:  #ff0000
xscreensaver.passwd.thermometer.background:  #000000
xscreensaver.passwd.thermometer.width:       8

!datestamp format--see the strftime(3) manual page for details
xscreensaver.dateFormat:    %I:%M%P %a %b %d, %Y

Copy and paste the following for the second picture:
xscreensaver.splash: false

!font settings
xscreensaver.Dialog.headingFont:        -*-dina-bold-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
xscreensaver.Dialog.bodyFont:           -*-dina-medium-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
xscreensaver.Dialog.labelFont:          -*-dina-medium-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
xscreensaver.Dialog.unameFont:          -*-dina-medium-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
xscreensaver.Dialog.buttonFont:         -*-dina-bold-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
xscreensaver.Dialog.dateFont:           -*-dina-medium-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
xscreensaver.passwd.passwdFont:         -*-dina-bold-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

!general dialog box (affects main hostname, username, password text)
xscreensaver.Dialog.foreground:         #111111
xscreensaver.Dialog.background:         #ffffff
xscreensaver.Dialog.topShadowColor:     #111111
xscreensaver.Dialog.bottomShadowColor:  #111111
xscreensaver.Dialog.Button.foreground:  #ffffff
xscreensaver.Dialog.Button.background:  #666666

!username/password input box and date text colour
xscreensaver.Dialog.text.foreground:    #ffffff
xscreensaver.Dialog.text.background:    #666666
xscreensaver.Dialog.internalBorderWidth:24
xscreensaver.Dialog.borderWidth:        20
xscreensaver.Dialog.shadowThickness:    2

!timeout bar (background is actually determined by Dialog.text.background)
xscreensaver.passwd.thermometer.foreground:  #ff0000
xscreensaver.passwd.thermometer.background:  #000000
xscreensaver.passwd.thermometer.width:       8

!datestamp format--see the strftime(3) manual page for details
xscreensaver.dateFormat:    %I:%M%P %b %d

The run through the following steps to enable your changes:
xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources
killall xscreensaver
xscreensaver -no-splash &

source


Using nVidia Graphics card on Kubuntu 13.04

First of all, I'm no pro at this so my answer is just based on a personnal experience.

I had a similar problem earlier this year. I tried to install the driver from the repository for a nvidia deforce GT635M card. When I restarted, my screen res was blocked to 640x480.

After playing around and searching, I ended up uninstalling the driver, installing optirun and deleting a conf file in /etc/x11 that had appeared with the driver installation and seemed to block the screen res to lowest even when the driver was uninstalled. (unfortunately, I don't remember the name of the file, but it had something to do with nvidia, obviously)

I'm no gamer so I seldom use the card, but when I do, I use optirun, which seems to work fine.

kde: 4.9.5
ubuntu: 12.10
linux: 3.5.0-37-generic
graphics card: nvidia GEFORCE GT635M
laptop: asus N56V


How tolerable is Deja Dup for backupping Continuous System in Ubuntu?

Unstable. Impossible. Horrible with many filesystems. Insufficient also for non-continuous systems. Please, consider in using tar czf in making backups as described here. Make cron if regular backups are needed.


xfce4-notifyd.service is not starting - how to troubleshoot

Run journalctl -f to follow logs and then try notify-send test from another terminal. If notify-send hangs and after a timeout you see the following error message in journalctl:

org.freedesktop.Notifications[12345]: org.kde.knotifications: WaitForName: Service was not registered within timeout

The issue may be that you have plasma-workspace installed. If you don't need it anymore, remove it (sudo apt-get remove plasma-workspace), mind that this removes packages like plasma-desktop. Notifications should work again after removing this package.

See this bug report for details.


How can I stop gvim from crashing when opening a file?

Ubuntu 17.04

Things broke when I upgraded, and I solved it with:

sudo apt-get remove vim-gtk3
sudo apt-get install vim-gtk

vim-gnome mentioned in Adam P's answer says it points to vim-gtk3, so nothing would change.

vim-gtk however says it uses gtk 2, and worked.


how do i get the ubuntu communitheme in ubuntu budge

Using Snap:

sudo snap install communitheme

Using PPA:

At this point of time, Communitheme doesn't have a release file for Cosmic. To install repository of Bionic can be used. For this run:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/communitheme.list

Add this line:

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/communitheme/ppa/ubuntu bionic main

Save file using Ctrl+X and press Y. Then update and install Communitheme using:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install ubuntu-communitheme-session

This must install the necessary packages. Once the release file for Cosmic is released you can install using:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:communitheme/ppa
sudo apt install ubuntu-communitheme-session

Since you only need icons, so you can change it from GNOME tweaks.


Open a terminal and write this command:
gedit ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

Each row is a user folder definition (music, video...), edit as you want. For example, I did not want the videos folder in home, but in a separate disk, and changed the XDG_VIDEOS_DIR parameter this way:
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="/media/share/Video"

OR simply run:
xdg-user-dirs-update --set VIDEOS "/media/share/Video"

Logout and login back to effect properly.


Want to remove Unlock login key ring when no keyring directory is there?

The answer is provided in Ubuntu One help faq. The link is here.

That says:

Open Applications->Accessories->Passwords And Encryption Keys or on
Ubuntu 11.04 or greater press the "super key" (Windows key on most keyboards)
and type "Passwords" then click on "Passwords and Encryption Keys"
Right-click on the "Passwords" folder and select "Change Password"
Set the new keyring password to be the same as your login password.

Alternatively, if you don't know the old password at step 2.

Right-click on the "Passwords" entry and select "Delete".
Now create a new "Passwords" entry and give it a password (likely the same as your login for simplest usage.)


"+a" is not a standard argument, no. Follow the next step in the linked documentation.

sudo setfacl -R -m u:www-data:rwx -m u:`whoami`:rwx app/cache app/logs
sudo setfacl -dR -m u:www-data:rwx -m u:`whoami`:rwx app/cache app/logs

Info on what the "+a" does for chmods that use it:

  +a      The +a mode parses a new ACL entry from the next argument on the commandline and inserts it
               into the canonical location in the ACL. If the supplied entry refers to an identity already
               listed, the two entries are combined.


How can I show the application name in the panel?

I believe your looking for this Window Applets

Taken from linked page:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gnome-window-applets

then you need to open the add to panel dialog, presumably by Alt+ right click(or alt+super, right click) and then select Window Title and add.


No option yo choose Download Updates while installing Ubuntu

Installing updates during installation is not required. You can check for and install any available updates at any time after installation. Typically, Ubuntu checks for updates for you and displays an icon somewhere (depending on your desktop) to indicate that updates are available). Hover over icons to see if any involve updates. You can also check for updates by running any one of many apps that should be available in your start menu. Such apps are "Ubuntu Software", "Software Updater", "Software", "Synaptic Package Manager", and "Update Manager" just to name a few. Try any of the above.


Gedit icon detaches from the dash, if using custom actions in its desktop file

The solution is to use the xdg-open instead of gedit in the Exec command of the action. Example:

[Desktop Action Action 1]
Name=My bookmarks
Exec=xdg-open "Documents/my_bookmarks"
OnlyShowIn=Unity

Tip: if you want to open more than one files with a right-click menu, you can't do it directly in the desktop file because xdg-open doesn't allow opening multiple files in one command. You have to make a shell script, with a for loop, like this:

#!bin/sh
for i in "Documents/document 1.txt" "Documents/document 2.txt"; do
   xdg-open "$i"
done

Put the script in your scripts directory, and use that in your desktop action's Exec line.


Install xrdp in Ubuntu. Open a terminal, then run below
command:

sudo apt-get install xrdp

Open Remote Desktop Connection in Windows 7 (click Start button,
then search “remote” in search box).

Input the host name or IP address of your Ubuntu machine, then click
Connect.

Input your username and password of Ubuntu, then click Ok to
connect.

Source: http://www.ubuntututorials.com/remote-desktop-ubuntu-12-04-windows-7/


Will kubuntu run happily "out of the tin" on a netbook?

I have run KDE interface on two netbooks. The key item is the vertical resolution. If the vertical resolution is greater or equal to 768 it seems to be the magic number. When I had a 600px resolution I spent a lot of time moving windows about to click buttons. Even the install was difficult.

The fans tended to be noisy and had to have custom drivers installed. Although that is probably less of an issue with the current netbooks


"but it is not going to be installed" Nightmare

I resolved the issue by installing aptitude: sudo aptitude install libpq-dev which downgraded 3 packages:

libk5crypto3
libgssapi-krb5-2
libkrb5-3

which I was unable to understand that I should have downgraded with apt-get.


Ubuntu 12.04.2 with intel i845 graphics becomes sluggish after few minutes of system startup

To use the available fix, run the following commands:

apt-add-repository ppa:glasen/855gm-fix
apt-add-repository ppa:brian-rogers/graphics-fixes
apt-add-repository ppa:glasen/intel-driver
aptitude update
aptitude install linux 855gm-fix-dkms
aptitude dist-upgrade


What's the meaning of the Ubuntu logo? Where does it come from?

Ubuntu means "an ethic or humanist philosophy focusing on people's allegiances and relations with each other". And  the logo is a graphical representation of 3 people holding their arms out, making a circle. See these 2 images:

So the logo is perfectly describing the word Ubuntu.


How do I block large ranges of IPs independent of server-specific options?

Enter iptables and Wizcrafts. Not every Linux system comes configured with libwrap, and hosts.deny doesn't always get consulted, or gives unexpected results if you have a problem with your config.

There have been many arguments among sysadmins who either support or decry tcpwrappers. Some say there's nothing quite as spectacular as a finely tuned /etc/hosts.deny to keep undesirables at bay while others say it isn't the paragon of security that it was back in the '90s, especially when it comes to blacklisting.

I don't want to get into any of that - it's too much like the Star Wars versus Star Trek circle of never-ending arguments. I just want to make you aware (if you weren't already) of the differing opinions. You can draw your own conclusions.

Because denyhosts requires your ssh server to be configured with the tcp_wrappers support option enabled, it makes some admins uncomfortable (I personally don't mind it however). And as mentioned earlier, denyhosts doesn't even do any good if you aren't running SSH.

So, what was my Universal Solution? Pretty simple. I took all the blocklists painstakingly maintained by Wizcrafts (well worth it - his blocklists are fantastic!) and saved them into a single text file, then wrote this shell script to filter the comments out of the list and use iptables to block the IP ranges of known offenders from around the world:

#/bin/bash
# |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | rangeblock.sh - reads a list of IP ranges, filters non-numeric entries, then configures
# | iptables to block what's left
# |
# | Maybe it's cutting corners to just check the first character, but iptables will throw
# | out anything it doesn't like anyway, and the loop won't break on errors
# |
# | Hint: runs best as root
# |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

file="wizcrafts.txt" # Change to a command-line option for more flexibility

while read line; do
    echo " "
    echo "Current Entry: $line"
    if [[ ${line:0:1} == [0-9]* ]]; then
        echo "$line is a valid IP range. Added to iptables block list."
        iptables -I INPUT -s $line -j DROP
    else
        echo "$line was skipped. Not a valid IP or range."
    fi
done <"$file"

Now, most of the offending traffic is dropped before it even gets to my SSH server, and anything does that DOES get through is handled by denyhosts.

Nothing is ever 100%, and this doesn't replace smart practices (like not allowing root to login through ssh), but it makes things much easier to deal with.

Or, at least it did for me. Interesting side effect - my system and network performance improved by nearly 30% after I implemented this.


ERROR: "token" parameter not in video info in youtube-dl

Update youtube-dl to the latest version.

sudo youtube-dl -U # no longer supported in Debian-based systems

If youtube-dl cannot be updated with this command, install the latest version of youtube-dl using Alternative Python package installer (pip).

sudo apt-get remove youtube-dl
sudo apt-get install python-pip
pip install --user youtube-dl

In Ubuntu 14.04 and later youtube-dl is a snap package. To install it:

sudo snap install youtube-dl

The youtube-dl snap package will be updated automatically in the background when updates become available.


Ubuntu 12.04 LTS & 13.10 not installing - IP through DHCP not working

First of all be sure that your DHCP server is running.

If yes just restart and try again. If the problem remain check that there are free IP in your range to distribute in your DHCP server.

Open you DHCP configuration file

sudo gedit /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

and check the range of your IPs in your subnet and be sure there is a free IP. You can increase the range to test.

for example:

subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
 range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;

here my DHCP can only lease 5 IPs So if there are more than 5 machines, it can't obtain an IP so just increase the range.


Try to add interface in sudo nano /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server which will be used for dhcp req and answare.

#Defaults for dhcp initscript
#sourced by /etc/init.d/dhcp
#installed at /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server by the maintainer scripts
#
#This is a POSIX shell fragment
#
#On what interfaces should the DHCP server (dhcpd) serve DHCP requests"
#Separate multiple interfaces with spaces, e.g. “eth0 eth1".
INTERFACES="eth0"

Replace eth0 above with the name of your network interface that you want the server to lease addresses on.


VirtualBox Hardware Virtualization in Ubuntu as Guest OS

No need to worry. The behaviour you report is exactly what is expected.

The virtual CPU of your guest OS will not be able to use hardware virtualization the way your real CPU running the host OS does.


Confirm the python version with
python -V

and confirm the existence of the python binaries

/usr/bin/python3*
/usr/bin/python2*

Try
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.6 2
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.5 3

Once you have these options, try
sudo update-alternatives --config python

to select the best option from the list.
you may get something like this
$ sudo update-alternatives --config python
There are 2 choices for the alternative python (providing /usr/bin/python).

  Selection    Path                Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/bin/python2.7   2         auto mode
  1            /usr/bin/python3.6   2         manual mode
  2            /usr/bin/python3.5   3         manual mode

Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 0


I am trying to update 12.04 to 13.04 but I get a message saying "Saving installed packages..."

Open the terminal and try:

sudo su. Enter password for account.
apt-get update.
apt-get upgrade.
apt-get dist-upgrade


Error configuring PHP and MySQL installed from source

From the above link:

  "apt-cache search mysql | grep dev" reveals that you need libmysqlclient15-dev.


Is a Sony Vaio Z Power Media Dock with AMD Radeon HD 6650M graphics a recommend buy?

don't!!! it can't handle the switchable graphics card no matter what i try. i have seen a bunch of claims of people getting it to work in Linux but when i do what they say works it just gets errors. save your self the headache and get a non switchable gpu.


Does Ubuntu log when USB devices are connected?
Yes, Ubuntu logs when a USB device is connected. The file is /var/log/syslog. You can also view it by issuing the command dmesg (with optional -c argument to clear the log) or graphically using Log file viewer.
Is this file deleted upon shutdown?
No, This log does not get wiped upon shutdown. After a size limit is reached the logs are rotated, meaning new logs are continually written to /var/log/syslog while older records are pushed to compressed files named /var/log/syslog.1.gz, syslog.2.gz, ... in the same /var/log directory.
You can view the /var/log directory with rotated log files below:


Is there a way to manually organize the apps and folders in gnome application menu?

It looks like there are no true solutions to this problem so I just added brackets to my folder names and I got the desired result. Hopefully, the ability to drag and drop to manually re-order will be added in the future.

Edit: as of 9/16 this has been added as a feature in gnome 3.38!


In the information you posted you answered your own question, your processor is capable of running a 64 bit OS. Go ahead and boot 64 bit version of Ubuntu and if you like , go ahead and install.

IMO if you have a 64 bit processor you should run 64 bit Ubuntu. You may get other opinions based on RAM, but, IMO, 64 bit does not use significantly more RAM (it does use a bit more RAM and hard drive space).

64 bit is faster then 32 bit on most performance benchmarks, but, with typical desktop sorts of activities (web browsing, word processing, etc) you are not going to notice much difference.


It's more than just a user and a command:

redsandro host=(user:group) tag:commands

host specifies the host names this line is valid for. Unless you are sharing asudoers file among different hosts that need different rules using the special value ALL meaning "all hosts" is a good choice.
user specifies which users you can use with the -u options to run the command. If you omit this you can't use the -u option.
group specifies which groups you can use with the -g options. If you omit it you can't use the -g option.

Both user and group understand the special value ALL as "all users/groups"

If you omit the whole (user:group) thing you can't use -u and -g but only run the command as root.

tag lets you specify some options, like NOPASSWD

So with your first example you can run the command as root but can't use -u and -g to run it as any other user or group.

With example 2. you can run the command as root or use -u to run it as any other user.

With 3. you can run the command as root or use -u or -g to run the command as any other user or group.


Using growisofs & add title to burned cd

You are after the -V option. For your example try this:

growisofs -Z /dev/sr0 -r -J -V "Backup 01" /path/to/files

You are allowed 32 characters for this volume ID...

References:

Andrews Corner: Backing up Some Directories to DVD


I experienced something very similar on Ubuntu 13.10 when adding new devices which is logged at https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntuone-client/+bug/1253728
For me the workaround was really odd but consistant on 3 different computers as I was doing some moving, adding, and re-installing on several (only two as of the writing of that post).  I found that I had to click some things that seemed contrary to logic but everthing worked fine every time.

Started the client and it seemed frozen at "Getting information,
please wait..."
Killed the client and restarted it.
This time it asked me to log in so I did so with my existing account (as
if it were new).
It displayed "Getting information" but I just
clicked next anyway.
Confirmed the folder selections.
After this it displayed the authentication error but after I clicked restart
everything was fine and it has been working since then.


Updates not showing on Software Updater?

This has been the normal behavior since version 13.04.
In Software Updater only phased updates are available.

Phased Updates are just like regular updates, with the only difference being that they are rolled out to users in gradual stages rather than to everyone at the same time. This staggered release approach is designed to improve the stability of Ubuntu.
By drip-feeding Stable Release Updates (SRUs) to a percentage of Ubuntu users at a time, developers have the chance to monitor any regressions or unforeseen bugs introduced by them.
When issues are detected the update process is stopped to ensure that as few users as possible end up with troublesome updates installed.
But, if all is well after a 6 hour period, then another 10% get the updates and the process repeats.

Source
In terminal all updates are available by the command
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade


Laptop hangs on exit of suspend mode when using Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS?

I have this issue also. I wake my computer up, unlock it, and it hangs. I don't know how to fix it, I just reboot the computer. I know that if you don't require a password after sleep, it wakes just fine.


In addition to fstab, you also need to remove the disk from the boot process.

There are two things to check:

uswsusp.conf - if there's any line like resume /dev/sda7 there, comment it out.
initramfs - update it with update-initramfs -u -k all


Only the command contained to the directory described to the environment variable PATH can perform without ./ .

In this case, if you want to add current directory in PATH,

Replace to this:

export PATH=$PATH:./:

In General :

To make a temporary change the value of an environment variable enter the command:

VARNAME=value_of_variable

This value will remain until you exit from the shell you are working in.

To make other programs that use the variable aware of the new value enter the command:

export VARNAME


Where is application data for the Ubuntu Touch core apps stored in Ubuntu desktop?

The touch apps are designed to be confined, mostly.

The browser is storing data in ~/.local/share/webbrowser-app/ and Notes stores its data in ~/.local/share/com.ubuntu.notes/. Calendar events on the other hand, I think are stored via the evolution-data-server so if you want to sync the directory for Calendar events, I think it is ~/.local/share/evolution/calendar/system/ for the local system calendar.


First try to install ubuntu-tweak tool.

Then, reset the Unity with unity-reset tool:

$ unity-reset
$ setsid unity

If that didn't work out try to re-install unity & desktop:

$ sudo apt-get autoremove ubuntu-desktop
$ sudo apt-get autoremove unity
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install unity
$ sudo apt-get install unity-2d
$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
$ sudo shutdown -r now

After that upgrade if you want:

$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


How Can I View Source-Code for Updates in Software Updater?

I scrolled up my terminal & looked for a recent update of my system, and am using this as an example of how I might do it on my 19.10/eoan system :-

I see

Get:41 http://ftp.iinet.net.au/pub/ubuntu eoan/universe amd64 mate-applets amd64 1.22.2-0ubuntu1 [176 kB]

from the apt dist-upgrade but this information could come from a /var/log/apt, I just wanted an example package name for a change...  I'll chase up mate-applets noting it's package version.

Opening https://packages.ubuntu.com/source/eoan/mate-applets for my package, I can click on the "Ubuntu Changelog" to the right  (I just opened packages.ubuntu.com & searched for mate-applets - the latest was visible & chosen)

https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs/pool/universe/m/mate-applets/mate-applets_1.22.2-0ubuntu1/changelog

so I can see the changelog for this change, ie.

  mate-applets (1.22.2-0ubuntu1) eoan; urgency=medium

  New upstream release.   * debian/patches:

  Drop 1001_FTBFS-against-libcpupower.patch. Applied upstream.

  -- Martin Wimpress   Mon, 23 Sep 2019
  20:06:13 +0100

I rarely want more than this, but you could follow links on the packages.ubuntu.com site to also go to view source code, ie. https://salsa.debian.org/debian-mate-team/mate-applets/commit/671413c11c8d9e362f2d8b7473679a3c78119bd6 to see

  2 changed files with 0 additions and 164 deletions

in summary; plus the diff of the changes with the source visible.

this was an update picked randomly


How do I start two programs in a certain order startup using systemd?

To have them start at boot, run systemctl enable Program_A and then repeat it for Program_B
In the service file for Program_B, within the [Unit] section add a line similar to
After=Program_A.
To restart automatically, add the line Restart=on-failure within the [Service] section.

Hope this helps.
To


Removing the PPA removed the error:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:kernel-ppa/ppa


How do I install the debug symbols for gcov?

I think this is an XY problem.

AFAICT, gcov doesn't have it's own debugging symbols. Research indicates that gcov is a test coverage program utilized along with gcc to analyze your programs to help create more efficient, faster running code and to discover untested parts of your program.

gcov uses two files for profiling. The names of these files are derived from the original object file by substituting the file suffix with either .gcno, or .gcda. The files contain coverage and profile data stored in a platform-independent format. The .gcno files are placed in the same directory as the object file. By default, the .gcda files are also stored in the same directory as the object file, but the GCC -fprofile-dir option may be used to store the .gcda files in a separate directory.

The .gcno notes file is generated when the source file is compiled with the GCC -ftest-coverage option. It contains information to reconstruct the basic block graphs and assign source line numbers to blocks.

The .gcda count data file is generated when a program containing object files built with the GCC -fprofile-arcs option is executed. A separate .gcda file is created for each object file compiled with this option. It contains arc transition counts, value profile counts, and some summary information.

It is not recommended to access the coverage files directly. Consumers should use the intermediate format that is provided by gcov tool via --intermediate-format option.

Unless I'm entirely misunderstanding the intent behind your question, you are looking for GDB: The GNU Project Debugger which is available for all currently supported versions of Ubuntu and may already be installed.

EDIT: Based on your comment you seem to actually be looking for a tutorial on using GDB. There's one available here. I hope this helps you.

Sources:
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/

Specifically:

https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov-Intro.html

https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov-Data-Files.html#Gcov-Data-Files

the documentation for gdb can be found here

You might also find this useful specifically for this.


Cannot kill container: foo: Container foo is not running

docker kill will not destroy containers, it will just kill (stop) the running containers. But docker ps -a will show also the non-running containers, so you get an error for all these non-running containers.
Leave out the -a to kill only all running containers:
docker kill $(docker ps -q)

Use docker stop instead of docker kill if you want the processes to first try to terminate themselves (SIGTERM) instead of killing directly (SIGKILL).
Or use docker rm to remove (destroy) containers:
docker rm --force $(docker ps -a -q)

--force or -f is needed to also rm running containers.
Note:
this will remove all containers.
Use docker container prune to remove all stopped containers.

Please read the docs or run docker help to get more information about all the commands.


Need help with mount points during fresh install

This varies greatly depending on what you plan to use the machine for. However that wouldn't be a very helpful answer. So:

Using the guided partitioning is fine for use a desktop PC. This will put everything into one partition so you wont exhaust disk space on a partition unless you run out of disk space.

I prefer to put /home onto its own partition so you can replace the OS without having to restore you home directory. In that scenario give / (root) partition 10GB so you wont have to worry about a shortage of disk space for installing applications.

For a file server, backup server for a small office, where you have multiple users, a similar setup is fine, although I would put backups into /home/backup/ on it's own disk.

Web servers with databases, or mail servers should have a separate /tmp directory, the size can vary but something like 3GB is usually adequate. Having a separate /tmp directory allows you to mount it with noexec for a bit of extra security. It also stops runaway mail queues or database queries from using the entire disk space as there is a hard limit as files cannot grow bigger than that partition.

For server, you generally don't have GUI applications, so / (root) partition can be 3GB.

You should also have a separate /var/ directory for servers to prevent log files, spool files etc growing too large and consuming all disk space. I suggest around 5GB is reasonable.

If you need a separate /boot partition, 100MB is adequate.

You can use LVM to give you the ability to resize partitions later.

In conclusion it depends entirely on what you will use the machine for, if in doubt put it all in one partition. If you cannot afford downtime, use LVM so you can resize later.


Sorry for my bad english... i use another language in my system...

Right click on the desktop
Choose Desktop Settings
Directory
other...
find the path: usr/share/xfce4/backdrops
You can't open ANY files, BUT sellecting "Open" or "OK", appear ALL!


If you have a look at the files provided by php-7.2-pgsql, you will see that the pdo_pgsql is part of the php7.2-pgsql-package.

pdo_pgsql is a php module. You enable php-modules by adding them to the php.ini, as you seems to have done from what you write.

In general: if you can add a module to php.ini, and not get exceptions when using PHP, then the module is present.

pdo_pgsql is not a stand-alone package you can install with apt.


man useradd states:

useradd is a low level utility for adding users. On Debian,
administrators should usually use adduser(8) instead.

Note the low level utility

To add a user, use adduser instead. It's a more high-level utility.

Moreover, looking at the -d option:

   -d, --home HOME_DIR
       The new user will be created using HOME_DIR as the value for the
       user's login directory. The default is to append the LOGIN name to
       BASE_DIR and use that as the login directory name. The directory
       HOME_DIR does not have to exist but will not be created if it is
       missing.

The directory will not be created if it is missing.

Generally keep away from useradd, use adduser instead.


How long till a package shows up in the repository?

The packages.ubuntu.com website for maverick is not working (yet), i.e. you can use it only to search for packages in releases <= 10.04. If you install the devscripts package you can use the command rmadison:

rmadison stackapplet

will show you all versions in the repositories:

stackapplet |    1.2.0-1 | maverick/universe | source, all

Apparently it's there now.


Check that the locale was set to en_US.UTF-8 by running the command:
env | grep -e LANG -e LC_

Select the appropriate font in Terminal → the drop down list located at the title bar → Preferences → Unnamed → Text → Custom font.


Using different ssh config options based on port

I guess I should have kept searching....

SSH config host match port over on superuser.com had the answer I needed!

Basically instead of:

Host "192.168.1.*"

I'm now using:

Match host "192.168.1.*" exec "test %p = 22"

and

Match host "192.168.1.*" exec "test %p = 2222"


What are size limits for mysql on Ubuntu 18.04 and how can I increase them?

Therefore I suspect that some size limit of the database was reached and that I will have to increase it.

I doubt it. If you reach a limit those get reported (probably /var/log/mysql/error.log, and/or /var/log/mysql.log).

  What are some size limits for mysql databases and how can I increase them

These limitation are NOT editable:

InnoDB permits up to 4 billion tables.
MySQL has hard limit of 4096 columns per table
The maximum tablespace size is four billion pages (64TB), which is also the maximum size for a table.
MyISAM permits data and index files to grow up to 256TB by default, but this limit can be changed up to the maximum permissible size of 65,536TB (2567 − 1 bytes).

But you are no where near those.

Other limitation can be enforced by editing /etc/my.cnf but if there are you added them.

  A MySQL query did not run successfully!

This notice says nothing uselful.

Your problem is with the function create_db and MySQL is throwing an error. In theory it could indeed be a limitation of MySQL but the odds on the query being wrong are a lot higher. Maybe there is a (double)quote or some other character in the data that is not processed correctly. Or there is a JOIN not correct and due to the amount of data MySQL now believes it needs to use another INDEX (a SELECT with an ORDER BY that has a lot of the same values or has NULL values in a field tends to switch INDEX a lot in my experience).

You probably need to find out what the SQL command actually is and examine it or the results of the execution.

Without the actual content of the function and an example of your database there is not a lot to go on.


To remove all user data of Nuvola Player, use command:

rm -rfv $HOME/.local/share/nuvolaplayer $HOME/.config/nuvolaplayer $HOME/.cache/nuvolaplayer


try it this way in terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

sudo nvidia-xconfig

Then login to tty Ctrl+Alt+F1

sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia*

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia primus linux-headers-generic

sudo reboot

When it's booted to make sure run:

sudo nvidia-xconfig

gksudo nvidia-settings


There is a way to get what you want.

Copy the home directory to a separate disk
Reinstall Linux
Mount the disk with your home data under /home

Exactly what you suggested, not for future Ubuntu versions but for your future installations.


sudo apt-get purge linux-{headers,image}-3.4.0-30400-generic linux-headers-3.4.0-30400

will remove the offending kernel, so the old one will boot by default.

if you would like to try a mainline kernel this makes it easy to install them
https://github.com/GM-Script-Writer-62850/Ubuntu-Mainline-Kernel-Updater#readme
that installer can be used to make a un-installer alsoKernelUpdateChecker -k -r precise -v 3.4
/tmp/kernel-upgrade --uninstall


How do I remap my Ubuntu keyboard shortcuts to match OSX?

There's no need to use xbindkeys to achieve OSX-like keyboard mapping on Ubuntu. This is an inbuilt option:

Go into your Ubuntu Settings
Navigate to Keyboard → Keyboard Layout Settings
add English (Macintosh)


Another solution, if you have lftp:

lftp -e "mirror -R src_local_folder dest_folder_on_ftp_server; exit" -u ftp_user[,ftp_pass] ftp_server

Support SSL/TLS


writing to /proc/irq/*/smp_affinity as root

IRQ 0 is timer interrupt and is handled only by core 0. This can not be moved to other cores.


you can disable event sounds from Ubuntu Tweak.If you haven't installed it then you can do it by

    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

Then after installing it , type as Ubuntu and it will display the tweak Icon and from the tweaks as shown in the image you can disable them.


How can I mount software raid drive mdX with fstab

You have "default" when it should be "defaults". You had a misspelling.


Logitech Trackman Marble scroll function Ubuntu 16.04

xinput set-button-map "Logitech USB Trackball" 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 4

the 2 small buttons will be scroll up and down, but only moves a little bit each press


This is not a Firefox or Ubuntu specific problem. To me it seems to be a DNS problem. The information you provide assumes it is a software problem (which I think it is not). Since you use the abbreviation NB I guess you have a notebook and you have traveled between different networks... this can cause a change in the DNS resolving information. But to be sure, can you ping your router and/or an outside IP address?

BTW, resolv.conf should contain your DNS information, not your local router (only if it runs a DNS caching daemon) or localhost:

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

Note: you can add these entries, but they are not always optimal as these are provided by Google. Use the one provided by your ISP if possible.

Could you try opening a page by using the IP address: e.g. 173.194.37.65 for one of Google. And if not, can you ping it at least. A traceroute would be better.

Note:
User was able to connect to outside webpages using the IP address, so confirmed it was a DNS problem. Eventually adding the entries to DNS and a restart of the notebook made it work. I suspect he messed up his networkstack since he also used Astrill. A problem I have also encountered on Fedora many times (ld_preload maybe the cause?). At least it works for him ATM.


Can't connect to Wifi in Ubuntu Gnome 14.04

You need to connect to internet by wire and run in terminal

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

If you can't connect by wire, use OFFLINE GUIDE


you can try PulseAudio Equilizer.

Down load it here https://www.ubuntuupdates.org/package/webupd8/zesty/main/base/pulseaudio-equalizer

Then open a terminal, and type:

cd /downloads
sudo dpkg -i pulseaudio-equilizer_2.7.0-5-webupd8-xenial0_all.deb


Cannot add any keyboard layout in MATE Desktop Environment in Ubuntu 14.04

The behavior you described is kind of expected.
Within xrdp session, indeed, you have no much possibilities to change the keyboard layout.

To define your keyboard layout within the xrdp session, you have to use the xrdp tools as well.  You have to login into your ubuntu machine (console access no remote session) and perform the following steps

Step 1 : You go to the /etc/xrdp directory
Step 2 : you issue the command setxkbmap -layout <%your layout%> to define which keyboard map/layout to use
Step 3 : create a copy of the km-0409.ini file into the same directory.
Step 4 : Check that you have a backup of your file by typing the dir or ls command
Step 5 : update the file by issuing the following command sudo xrdp-genkeymap km-0409.ini

Hope this help

Link & References :  ubuntu 14.10 - how to install xrdp and have it working


How do I proceed beyond restarting my pc after Ubuntu 14.04 install?

This happened to me once. Probably the GRUB is broken.

Try this:

Plug your bootable USB stick and boot from it
Install and run boot repair:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Use the option recommended repair
Unplug the bootable USB and try to boot from the hard drive (maybe you will have to change the boot order in the BIOS)

PS: 14.04 is a little bit old, I would recommend you to install Ubuntu 16.04


Window controls missing; Cannot maximise or minimize applications

Seems like you have a problem with the window manager.

Did you change any of the settings of Compiz? used compizconfig?

First, try the following command from the terminal (ctrl+alt+t): metacity --replace &.
Do you now have a bar at the top of the windows?

The next thing is to try to load compiz window manager again (3D windows manager): compiz --replace &.

If after the second command you don't have a bar again, i suggest you to reset compiz settings. you can try unity --reset


How do I transpose a row to a column in a tab-delimited file?

With awk:

$ awk -F '\t|__' '{for (i=2;i<=NF;i++) {printf "%s\t%s\n", $1, $i}}' foo.txt
33  Hhe.1
33  Hhe.2
33  Hhe.3
33  Hhe.4

We split the lines into fields based on tab (\t) or two underscores (__).
Then we loop over fields from the second till the last, and print each prefixed with the first field and a tab.