headless ubuntu doesn't boot - after installing sata drive

Hard drives tend to have boot priority ahead of USB drives.  If so it is unlikely, the system will attempt to boot the USB device.

Try installing grub2 on the hard disk.  You should either create a small boot partition on the disk, or configure Grub to boot the USB device.  You may have to adjust the device id to reflect reordering the BIOS does when the disk is installed at boot time.


Why I can't put LibreOffice icons on the desktop?

I have the same problem. Perhaps it's a unity bug. I created my own launcher manually.

First I followed the instructions here to create shortcut:
Desktop shortcut to create a new desktop shortcut doesn't do anything

Looked for the command in /usr/share/menu/libreoffice-calc
which is:

/usr/bin/libreoffice --calc

Used icon found here:

/usr/share/icons/hicolor/32x32/apps/libreoffice-calc.png


partition scheme for dual boot with android-x86

I believe this is adaptable for use on any Ubuntu distribution to dual boot with Android X86 without having to use separate partitions for each OS. This works thanks to the ability to use the same ext4 journaling file system for both operating systems. It took me a couple days to compile this. If your Ubuntu or Android X86 distribution are different, simply remember to make the appropriate terminal command changes (Android X86 4.4 to 5.1 would look like; initrd /android-4.4-r3/initrd.img} to initrd /android-5.1-r1/initrd.img}). Check system for 64 bit support before downloading .ISO files. If your system does not support 64 bit, use 32 bit, or 86 bit.

How to install dual boot of Android 4.4 x86 r3 and Ubuntu (on the same partition)

(Works with other revisions and versions of Android X86)

Things you will need:

Non-partitioned HDD (formatted)
(x2) USB flash drives 2GB or larger
Secondary PC to flash .ISO files to USB flash drives

Begin by downloading Unetbootin, and .ISO files for both Android x86, and Ubuntu.

Flash the .ISO files to each of the USB flash drives.

Enter BIOS on PC with formatted HDD and enable booting from USB/CD.

Reboot PC with USB flash drive inserted containing Ubuntu .ISO and complete a full install.

Reboot PC with USB flash drive inserted containing Android x86 4.4 r3 and begin install following these exceptions:

When prompted, select HDD sda1 and DO NOT format or select another file system.
When prompted, DO NOT install GRUB, or EFI GRUB 2.
When prompted, select as read and write.

Remove all media and boot the PC (it will automatically load Ubuntu).

Open the terminal and type:

sudo -i
nano /etc/grub.d/40_custom

Using the arrow keys, navigate the the line below the last current entry in the custom boot loader menu and make the following four entries:

menuentry "Android-x86" {
set root='(hd0,1)'
linux /android-4.4-r3/kernel quiet root=/dev/ram0 androidboot.hardware=generic_x86 acpi_sleep=s3_bios,s3_mode SRC=/android-4.4-r3
initrd /android-4.4-r3/initrd.img}

Press and hold ctrl, x, then press y, and then press Enter

Type:

sudo chmod +x /etc/grub.d/40_custom
sudo update-grub
sudo reboot

Immediately after BIOS loads, press and hold the Shift key until GRUB loads.

Select which operating system you wish to use.

RECOMMENDED! Load Ubuntu first, and create a disk image (.ISO file) of your new dual boot set-up and flash it to another USB flash drive and store it as a backup. You can do this after you apply any updates, or install any programs you wish.

The result should be a dual booted Ubuntu and Android X86 utilizing the default Ubuntu GRUB2 boot loader menu with the benefits of; no separate partition for OS's, shared Linux swap space, same file system (ext4), space for installation of Android applications limited ONLY to the space remaining on your HDD (not a weak 2Gb-??Gb partition), and the ability to file browse between Ubuntu and Android X86. Essentially you have installed Android X86 within Ubuntu.

note: Unetbootin now has a self contained application downloadable and compatible with Windows.


Why bash version do not support time up to millisecond?

This does smell like a Mac problem.
$ uname -sr
Darwin 19.6.0

$ /bin/date +%Y-%m-%d:%H:%M:%S.%N
2020-10-21:08:07:50.N

$ /usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin/date +%Y-%m-%d:%H:%M:%S.%N
2020-10-21:08:07:53.827515000

The latter date was installed via Homebrew


Ubuntu - Install Mate Desktop - Themes missing?

MATE by default is similar to a vanilla GNOME 2.x install. This means you won't get the Mint menu, etc. unless you install those separately, most likely by adding Mint repos to your system (but note this could potentially cause problems).

General information on how to install MATE can be found here. If you want to install Mint's version of it, you could try following the steps which will add the Mint repos to your sources list here.


How to stablish a Fortinet-VPN connection on Ubuntu 16.04 (as client)?

openfortivpn is an opensource Fortinet SSL VPN compatible client.

NetworkManager-fortisslvpn uses openfortivpn for its backend.

From Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic), NetworkManager-fortisslvpn can be installed with:

sudo apt install network-manager-fortisslvpn-gnome

I guess openfortivpn and NetworkManager-fortisslvpn would need to be built from sourcecode for Ubuntu 16.04.


I have updated my python to 3.6 and now i am facing problem that . I am not able to install any package .can you provide solution?

ConfigParser was used in Python2, in Python3 it is renamed into configparser. By default, python points to python2.7 executable, but in your system, python command points to python3 executable which is causing this error. Run sudo ln -s python2.7 /usr/bin/python.


Issues with Quickly: tk-WARNING **: Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "pixmap"

It's a fairly low level error but you should be able to fix this with installing it...

From command line

sudo apt-get install gtk2-engines-pixbuf

or click the icon here: gtk2-engines-pixbuf

Found the solution on Launchpad.


Auto run a script to auto hibernate on startup

Have you tried adding the script into the visudo file? Because you certainly do need admin rights to perform such operations. Adding it there will ensure that it's automatic executed every time you log in into a user.


What are the main differences between a system snapshots (Timeshift) and partition images (saved as iso)?

Do I have to run the very system that I have backed-up with Timeshift in order to restore the snapshot?

That is clearly not the case:

  ● Snapshots can be restored either from the running system (online restore) or from a live CD (offline restore).

If the OS is lost, how can the snapshot be restored?

  ● An offline restore is when you restore a system other than the one that you are currently running. If you have a multi-boot setup, then you can boot into one installed OS and then restore another OS that may be installed on another disk. You can also boot from a Linux Live CD or USB, install Timeshift and then restore the installed system. An offline restore using a Live CD/USB may be required if your installed system is not bootable.

  ● The snapshots to be restored can be of any Linux distribution. [...] Timeshift will take care of things like reinstalling the bootloader and other details.

Read the docs for more information.

Benefits of using Timeshift (rsync) compared to cloning your disk:

Only first backup is a full backup, the following backups are incremental.

saves a lot of disk space
backing up is much faster
You can restore your system to any point in time you have backups for

Thimeshift will not backup unused space.
On restore, you can choose whether to restore the bootlader or not.
On restore, you can choose which files to keep and which files to restore.

Benefits of cloning your disk compared to Timeshift (rsync):

Doesn't need to be stored on a Linux File System.
Use standard Linux tool to restore.

Benefits of using Timeshift (BTRFS):

Backup happens on File System level using file system features only.
Initial backup is fast and doesn't use any space
Backup on the same disk, no additional disks needed

but ...

Needs BTRFS with special layout on the system
Backup on the same disk means data loss if disk is broken.


Ubuntu One Music - Music folder won't sync

I'm afraid we're having problems with some uploads right now, and uploading a bunch of MP3s might take quite a while this week. Sorry for the delays you are experiencing; my team is working on making it better.


some Lenovo models have a hardware switch - mine (G570) has one to left of the touchpad just on the underside. It is sometimes possible to accidentally trigger this without realizing that you have done so.

Also, some drivers for wireless devices can have variable performance on different versions of Linux.


Firefox ins't able to load most of the pages. Network manager issue

The proxy configuration on your machine is still present and does not work as it should. Remove it and everything should be working normal again.

So:
Disable "proxy connections"


Create Bootable pendrive on Ubuntu
Gnome-disks has an option to "Restore Disk Image"
This option can be used to "restore" the ISO files of many distributions to a USB drive.
Open Disks, select the USB you want to install the ISO on, click the 3 lines icon upper right and select "Restore Disk Image". A window will open, just select the ISO file, confirm the destination and click start restoring.
If you want to make a Multi Boot USB, (with multiple OS on it), Both MultiBootUSB, (http://multibootusb.org/) and Ventoy, (https://www.ventoy.net/en/index.html), have Linux versions. Both can make Persistent installs of Debian based OS, so that installed programs and data are retained from boot to boot.


Cairo dock shows a vertical line instead of showing a dock!

Okay, got this problem solved by myself. :D

Launch cairo-dock in maintenance mode from command line like this:

cairo-dock -m

As the cairo-dock --help puts it, this mode is used to Allow editing of the configuration before the dock is started and show the config panel on start.

Disabling the recently messed up settings in the window that shows up, should launch the Cairo dock normally.

In my case, the theme I downloaded was an outdated one, and it had some icons in it probably missing, and when the dock launched, it was probably searching for the missing icons (like the terminal verbose says it). I had to disable it from the maintenance mode to get my dock back. :)


Postfix + Gmail. Certificate verification failed

I had the same issue and when I issued "postconf |grep smtp|grep CA" all the variables were empty:
smtp_tls_CAfile =
smtp_tls_CApath =
smtpd_tls_CAfile =
smtpd_tls_CApath =

Here's how I fixed it;

I assume your Ubuntu install created the CA path that contains all known CAs on the internet: /etc/ssl/certs, and Equifax is there.

All you're missing in your Postfix configuration is the CApath:
smtp_tls_CApath = /etc/ssl/certs

Afterwards Postfix will be able to verify smtp.gmail.com's certificate as legit CA because it has it in the /etc/ssl/certs directory.


Black Mesa won't start: GLIBCXX_3.4.21 missing

After a lot of googling I found a solution. Since it was pretty hard to solve it, here goes the answer should someone find the same Black Mesa bug in Ubuntu.

Just rename the file libstdc++.so.6 to.old and the game will run correctly.


Linux image packages contain linux kernels. Sometimes part of image is located in a separate linux-image-extra package.

Linux headers are needed to compile additional kernel modules for a specific kernel. Additional modules may be some drivers, virtualbox, etc.

Meta packages are for automated kernel upgrades. E.g linux-image-generic points to the latest available linux image.

linux-generic points to linux-image-generic and linux-headers-generic.

For Ubuntu LTS versions there are multiple meta packages pointing to different major kernel versions.

For 14.04:

linux-generic downloads kernel 3.13

linux-generic-lts-utopic -> 3.16

linux-generic-lts-vivid -> 3.19

Ubuntu boots always with the latest kernel image unless it is intentionally changed in grub settings. If you have headers of an older version, they will not be used.

Linux Mint uses the same repositories as Ubuntu and kernel upgrades are exactly at the same time in Mint and Ubuntu.

Kernel 3.13 was upgraded many times lately because there were some bugs there.


How can I optimize Ubuntu for minimal energy usage?

you can use a tool named as pm-powersave. It will turn your Ubuntu into low power mode.

usage:

pm-powersave true will start power save mode.
pm-powersave false will stop the power save mode.

Fore more information

manpage for the http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/saucy/man8/pm-powersave.8.html command


One of the easiest ways to do that is to use Remastersys.
http://www.remastersys.com/ubuntu.html


rvm /usr/bin/env: ruby no such file error

The PATH is what the env program uses to search for your executables. You can change this per-user (in the $HOME/.bashrc). In order to do that, run nano $HOME/.bashrc and go to the last line, add a new line

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.1.1/bin

To change it at a system level you sudo nano /etc/login.defs and change this line

ENV_PATH        PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games

to

ENV_PATH        PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games:/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.1.1/bin


How can a user create a file without write permissions?

You're forgetting the key flaw with ITK... The main process (that handles all the child processes) is running as root.

If you can attack Apache early on in the process, (rather than than an exploited php script), the hacker has root. Kansas is going bye-bye.

I'm not a security expert but ITK seems like a giant liability in exchange for slightly more simple configuration.


Installing a package program ubuntu 14.04

Right click install.sh, click "Permissions" find "Allow executing file as  program", OK, and double click and run in terminal when asked.


confused about ubuntu / xubuntu releases

Ubuntu and Xubuntu both share the same repositories, so no matter what desktop environment you have installed, it will upgrade to the next release.

If the upgrade goes well after doing:

sudo do-release-upgrade

You will still have your Xubuntu, or what is the same, your Ubuntu with the xfce desktop.


Reinstall software-center in Ubuntu 16.04

I know this is an old question, but here's the thing: the software center is not named software center. It's named ubuntu-software. I didn't reinstall through terminal, I used Synaptic, but I think you could probably reinstall by

sudo apt install --reinstall ubuntu-software

Also, you don't need apt-get in 16.04. You just need the apt.


I've just installed Ubuntu 18.04 and after the system installation is complete, I get this prompt

A poweroff following by a cold start works the same as a reboot after the Ubuntu installation has been finished and you get the Please remove the installation medium, then reboot. message. Just make sure that the installation medium is removed before starting the computer again or it will boot from the Ubuntu installation medium again instead of booting normally from what is installed on the hard drive.

Shut down the computer by holding down the power button.
Remove the installation medium (USB or DVD). A DVD can be removed by manually ejecting the CD/DVD tray if you temporarily stop the boot process by entering the BIOS/UEFI setup utility, eject the CD/DVD tray, remove the DVD, close the CD/DVD tray, and then exit the BIOS/UEFI setup utility without saving any changes.
Wait for one minute and then cold start the computer by pushing the power button.
Now your new Ubuntu installation will be able to boot normally.


How do I manually install tasks presented to me in the installer?

You can run tasksel manually:

sudo tasksel

to see the list of packages again after installation.


Go to File -> Project Structure and check SDK Version. If lower than 1.8 change it.

If it is right, check build.gradle file. Android build-tools 24.0.0 and higher requires Java 1.8. Try to lower them just for the moment.

Check also: https://discuss.gradle.org/t/cant-build-java-1-8-even-with-proper-java-version-in-use/2461/5

It may also a problem with too old Gradle version. Change gradle-plugin version to higher than 2.1.0

But the best way to fix a problem would be this: yesterday was released the newest Android Studio 2.2 with Gradle-plugin 2.2 and Android build-tools 24.0.3. Just update your IDE, it will also fix Gradle and build-tools version.

Hope it will help


You can easily change your password in System Settings (search it in the dash) and select the Users settings.

To install VLC you can use Software Center or enter the command below.

sudo apt-get install vlc


What are "hardware updates" in the context of Ubuntu's lifecycle?

Essentially, "hardware updates" means introducing support for more and newer hardware. "Maintenance updates" means receiving updates to fix emerging security issues and bugs.
Interim versions of LTS editions (.2 and above) are shipped with more recent kernel versions during a period indicated by "Hardware and maintenance updates" on the diagram. After that period, all users will remain on their current kernel version, which continues to be maintained to fix emerging security issues and bugs.
More detail
Hardware support is provided by the linux kernel. A long-term release of Ubuntu ships with a certain kernel series, which is during the entire support period maintained for security patches and fixing bugs. To enable hardware support for newer machines, interim releases of long term support versions, the "dot" versions, are released, build on a more recent kernel, hence also supporting more recent hardware.
When you initially install an Ubuntu LTS, you will in principle stay with your current kernel version throughout. If it works fine on your machine, that is perfectly fine, and the most stable option. That kernel is supported and maintained throughout the entire support period.
If you, however, decide to move to a new Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE), you will follow a Rolling Update Model. That means you will automatically move to a newer kernel when available. Moving to a HWE is opt-in: you can, but by default, you won't. After the "hardware and updates" period, you will stop receiving newer kernels. Your current kernel remains supported and maintained throughout the remainder of the support period.
Newer users downloading a newer version of the LTS installation ISO will automatically be on the new HWE stack introduced by that interim release. Users of the original release will stay on their current kernel line for the entire support period, until they opt in to go to the new HWE stack.


"Wireless authentification" appears even when wep key is saved

The wep key password is stored in network manager. The application that is throwing out the dialog box "Wireless authentification requiered" is gnome-keyring

see: http://live.gnome.org/GnomeKeyring

The link I gave you discusses how to disable this feature.


There are two things to do to replicate sfc /scannow:

sudo debsums -s (sudo apt install debsums to install it) will list system files that have been changed or corrupted as well as what packages they come from. If none are listed, all system files are fine.

Use sudo debsums -sa to check configuration files as well.
sudo apt install --reinstall [package] will reinstall the package, reinstalling the file.


What can I do when Ubuntu freezes for some unknown mysterious reasons?

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 and log in with your username and password. Then type kill -9 -1. This will bring terminate all programs and services run as your user (while leaving system programs and services alone). Then switch back to the login screen with Ctrl+Alt+F7 and now you can login to your account.

If your work is not saved and you want to kill only frozen programs, rather than everything, then type top and look and see which is your frozen program, and to kill the process.


For reference, I ended up failing the 2nd disk, formatting and reinstalling with an lvm partition. I stopped the array, and retrieved data from the ext4 partition (not the raid device).
Then I migrated the content to the lvm partition, formatted the 1st disk, and extending the lvm.

There was probably an easier way to go (migrating the OS partition for example), but it worked out just fine.


Enable the Universe Repository in Software and Updates.

Then update all the repositories,

sudo apt-get update

Then run the below command,

sudo apt-get build-dep qtmultimedia5-dev

It will surely find the qtmultimedia5-dev package.


How can I create a "built-in" color scheme for GNOME Terminal?

Although there is a similar question at Unix&LInux, I can perhaps add some new information and expand some of the points made there in order to give you a few useful pointers. However, it is true to say that you cannot add another 'built in' scheme to the menu as those existing ones are defined in the source code, as you can see if you examine the latest code release.

You could of course patch the source to include your scheme in the choices and then compile the program, but there are some other alternatives which centre around scripting and which I discuss further below.

If you created a color scheme by experimenting with the menus (as in the screenshot below),

you could back it up by noting the instructions in this answer:

How to store my gnome terminal color palette

Or you could run gconftool-2 -R /apps/gnome-terminal >> file.txt and then use those values in the resulting text file as the basis for a script. A script would be best, as it would be tedious to manually reapply those values by using gconftool-2 or even by editing the .xml file from the correct profile in /home/mike/.gconf/apps/gnome-terminal.

So it seems that scripting is the easiest way to apply or reapply your color scheme settings to any gnome-terminal profile of your choice.

A good model could be provided by the solarised color scheme, which is itself based on the work here. As noted at the github page,

  In Gnome terminal, you can add or edit profiles from the menu bar. However,
  this functionality is not easliy available from command line.  Here, you'll
  find a script that will set the palette colors, foreground, background and
  highlight colors to a light or dark color scheme, overwriting a color profile
  you choose.

It would seem to be possible to adapt the method used for scripting the solarised color scheme, and substitute your own color palettes, etc. After running in terminal

git clone git://github.com/sigurdga/gnome-terminal-colors-solarized.git

and then using cd to get to the resulting folder, you could examine the scripts and files. In the gnome-terminal-colors-solarized folder, there is a script called install.sh in which gconftool-2 is used to apply the values which are specified in the files in the color sub-folder.

It should be possible to create your own custom profile and then change the values of the files in the colors folder, and tweak the scripts if necessary, and then you should be able to apply and reapply your own color scheme, just like you can with the solarised scheme.

If you want to produce a really interesting and original color scheme you might need to do some reading and research from here and other sources on terminal color schemes, and which are best for long periods of terminal usage.


The short answer to your question is No. All the windows applications out there are not compatible with wine. The best place to see if a particular windows application is compatible with wine is browsing/searching in WineAppDB. In addition there are certain DLLs that Wine does not support (for eg: copy protection etc.). Read Wine HowTo to get a detailed view on this topic.


Use Photorec. It is the absolute best tool for this job.

When asked what partition to search, select the [File Opt] link at the bottom of the screen.

In there, tell it to only recover jpg files.

Let it run, and problem solved!

Alternatively, if you have already recovered, do this.

First off, you need to be in the recup_dir folder. Once you are in a terminal in this folder, run these commands:

mkdir ../Recovery/
sudo mv *.jpg ../Recovery
cd ..
sudo rm -rf recup_dir
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER Recovery/

Done! Note, the recup_dir folder will be deleted.


Install Ubuntu on a USB Hard Drive (not Live)

I would recommend the method suggested by Tom Brossman in the comment above.

Create two partitions on your drive, one for Ubuntu and the other for your Data (NTFS). You may create a third 2 to 4Gb partition for Swap if you wish (recommended).

When you plug it in a Windows machine, the OS will recognise the NTFS partition and mount it normally while ignoring the ext4 partition for Ubuntu and the Swap partition if there is one.


Compiz Commands "edges actions" (screen edge bindings) not always enabled on startup.

Add Compiz to the startup applications

Name: Compiz
Command: bash -c "sleep 3; compiz --replace"

From the comment on this bug report: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/752687/comments/10

If you still experiment this problem, click "Affects me too" in this bug report https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/858845


Why does my 12.04 Alternate CD boot to a blank screen with flashing cursor?

I lost 3 days on this. After going down several dead-ends, I discovered the grub options "nomodeset" and "xforcevesa". Google "ubuntu blank screen nomodeset" and you'll find several discussions of the issue. My favorite comes from Ubuntu Forums and is a description of several grub settings that may come into play in this situation. You can find it here.

if you are getting the dreaded "Black Screen Of Boot Death" (actually, that's an overstatement - the system is not actually dead) it may be your video card has not been set up correctly during the boot process. Check out that link I mentioned above and see if it helps you as it did me.

AMD Athlon(tm) II X2 250 Processor × 2, GeForce GT 240, Ubuntu 11.10 32-bit, ASUS M4A87TD/USB3 ATX Mobo


Add new dictionaries to Gnome dictionary?

This link might answer some of your questions about working with gnome dictionary client:
http://arachnoid.com/linux/dictionary.html

Also and excellent Askubuntu thread in here:
Offline dictionary with pronunciation and usages


logoff
logon as root on the terminal (press ctrl+alt+F1 to get to the shell, you can go back with alt+F7)
unmount /home
create /oldhome
remount the home partition under a new name, e.g. /oldhome
rsync the files from the "new name mount" to /home with -a option
remove the home partition from /etc/fstab


Cannot open software center after upgrading to 13.04

Open terminal CTRL+ALT+T and run sudo apt-get -f install to try fixing things for and reboot then recheck.


Blank screen after boot on Radeon R9 280X

I had the exact same problem (as in andrzej1_1's images) and removing and purging the oibaf repositories helped:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt autoremove

I didn't want to stay on the generic drivers so I tried installing PadokaPPA, and choose the unstable branch, which had the exact same problem as oibaf, so I uninstalled that and tried the stable branch:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:paulo-miguel-dias/pkppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

After reboot the problem was gone.

An important note when trying these things is to remember to actually do the apt upgrade after switching PPA, which basically is the reason I added this answer.


Is there any way to execute a shell script whenever I open a terminal?

Open your terminal and paste as

gedit ~/.bashrc

write as

echo " Ramana Reddy "

at last line , save & close. Close your terminal and open it again.

NOTE: dont touch any other lines in .bashrc.


Can't install Webmin from sources.list getting Hash Sum mismatch in 16.04 LTS

It may be related to the withdrawal of SHA1 checksums in 16.04

  Tomorrow ... APT will see a new release, turning of[f] support for
  SHA-1 checksums in Debian unstable and in Ubuntu Xenial, the upcoming
  LTS release.  While I have no knowledge of an imminent attack on our
  use of SHA1, Xenial (Ubuntu 16.04 LTS) will be supported for 5 years,
  and the landscape may change a lot in the next 5 years. As disabling
  the SHA1 support requires a bit of patching in our test suite, it’s
  best to do that now rather than later when we’re forced to do it.

https://juliank.wordpress.com/2016/03/14/dropping-sha-1-support-in-apt/


Fire fox can connect to WiFi but terminal can't for my college's Network settings

1.: Check the proxy settings in Firefox: Edit - Preferences - Advanced - Network - Settings...

Here should be proxy settings

If not then check proxy in Network settings

2.

sudo nano /etc/environment

3.: type your sudo password

4.: add these lines:

  http_proxy=http://your-proxy-goes-here
  https_proxy=http://your-proxy-goes-here
  ftp_proxy=http://your-proxy-goes-here

5.: Ctrl+X , confirm same name and press Y to confirm again (It will guide you)

6.: run from new terminal

 sudo +E apt-get update

should do the trick


Create SFTP user to access specific folder only?

Well creating ftp server or even sftp is quite simple with vsftpd package but if you really wish to grant some one outside to do ftp login , then you need to take care of some important scenarios. So its better to set up Non-chroot sftp setup so no sftp user can view your system files. This can be done in many methods, well I can explain a simple hack way to achieve your requirement in a simple steps.

Become privileged user.

sudo su

Install the packages

sudo apt-get install vsftpd openssh-server

Backup the config file and create new one.

mv /etc/vsftpd.conf{,.backup}

nano /etc/vsftpd.conf

download the config file and copy the contents

save and exit

Ctrl + x
y

Restart the vsftp server

service vsftpd restart

create user for ftp only

useradd -g sftpgroup -d /files -s /sbin/nologin sagar

Set password for user Sagar

sudo passwd sagar

Add nologin to shell config to use it.

echo "/usr/sbin/nologin" >> /etc/shells

Create a group for ftp , so all users under the group can use sftp

sudo groupadd sftpgroup

Now edit ssh daemon config file to use SFTP /etc/ssh/sshd_config

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Find the line "Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server " and  comment out as follows

#Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server

paste the following at the end of the file

Subsystem sftp internal-sftp
Match group sftpgroup
ChrootDirectory /ftpdir/%u
X11Forwarding no
AllowTcpForwarding no
ForceCommand internal-sftp

Save by Ctrl+x  y

Create directory for ftp files like mkdir -p /ftpdir//files.

mkdir -p /ftpdir/sagar/files

Give Ownership

sudo chown -R sagar:sftpgroup /ftpdir/sagar/files

Reboot the system

sudo reboot

Now use filezilla client to connect  using SFTP or terminal for the same. That's it.


Able to connect to college wifi network but not able to access internet

Hmm, Try opening up an internet browser, sometimes you have to log in to the router through a webpage. They do this for security I believe.


Recursively search a pattern/text only in the specified file name of a directory?

In the parent directory, you could use find and then run grep on only those files:

find . -type f -iname "file.txt" -exec grep -Hi "pattern" '{}' +


You need to edit /lib/modules-load.d/open-iscsi.conf:

nano /lib/modules-load.d/open-iscsi.conf

change from ib_iser to #ib_iser

F3 key followed by Enter key to save change,
Ctrl+X to exit nano

To start services ...

systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service

To check ...

systemctl status systemd-modules-load.service


How to keep the laptop's temperature low without hardware cleaning?

If it has been a year, then it is time to clean the dust out again, and make sure that the fan is spinning correctly.  If there is no significant dust and the fan is spinning ( at the correct speed ), then you may try removing the heatsink, cleaning and reapplying the thermal paste.

You also might try the boot option pcie_aspm=force as some people have reported that helps.  Run sudo gedit /etc/default/grub and add that option to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT options, then run sudo update-grub and reboot.


Will snap packages get differential (delta) updates?

This OMG! Ubuntu article says delta:

  Newer Apps, Larger

  One side-effect of the ‘bundle’ approach is, naturally, a larger
  initial package size.

  But Snaps are clever; transactional and delta updates allows devs to
  only upgrade the parts that need updating, be it a single lib, an app
  icon, or the entire freaking thing.

The documentation on Snappy Ubuntu Core also mentions these points:

  The OS and application files are kept completely separate, as a set of distinct read-only images.
  Transactional, image-based delta updates for the system and applications that can always be rolled back.
  These files are read-only, which means they cannot be tampered with and can be updated perfectly and predictably every time.
  Signatures and fingerprints ensure you’re running exactly what was published by the developer, no funny business even if the bits came
  from the internet.
  Delta management keeps the size of downloads to the bare minimum.


You can mount the NTFS partition with read-write permissions for root only

sudo mount -o fmask=0177,dmask=0077 /dev/sdaX /media/root-view

where /dev/sdaX is the NTFS partition device, and /media/root-view is a mountpoint, to be created if necessary (obviously, you can choose the name you like).

Then install bindfs allowing to mount a directory on a mountpoint with modified permissions. The bind mount would be established as follow

sudo bindfs -p ugo=rwX /media/root-view/shared /media/user-view

where shared is a directory you want to share, and /media/user-view is another mountpoint, to be created if needed, as above.

Now all users have read-write access to /media/user-view, representing the /shared folder on the NTFS partition, and no access to other directories on the same partition.

You can repeat the bindfs for all directories of your interest, but would be better to reorganize the content of the NTFS partition, putting all directories to share inside a single directory. I mean, change the layout from

/shared01
/shared02
...
/shared10
/unshared01
/unshared02
...
/unshared10

to

/shared
    /shared01
    /shared02
    ...
    /shared10
/unshared
    /unshared01
    /unshared02
    ...
    /unshared10

With this layout you only need to share the directory /shared, giving automatic access to all sub-directories.


I have found some interesting thread: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1657660&highlight=optimus

But now my question is: When optimus technology will be supported in ubuntu?


MozillaVPN - Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages

You have to add official Mozilla VPN PPA to the system and then install the package:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mozillacorp/mozillavpn
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mozillavpn

Notes:

The Mozilla VPN package currently is available only for ArchLinux, the AUR PKGBUILD uses source code from the above PPA.
The above PPA has info notice on its page with text "Publishing has been disabled for this archive.", not sure what does it mean.


The short answer is that you should build Octave with --prefix=DIR rather than specifying DESTDIR=DIR on the make install command, as was already indicated in the comments.

Your more fundamental question is how to create a binary installation of Octave that can be moved anywhere on the filesystem and still be fully functional. And the answer is that it is currently not possible to do that. When Octave is compiled, several paths to its own libraries and scripts are compiled into the executable so it can find its own runtime. Some of those may be able to be overridden (see for example octave --help for some options to override default paths), but some current cannot, such as the path to mkoctfile or octave-gui. The locations of these helper programs depend completely on the value given to --prefix when Octave is built.


Partitioning the hard drive with only one device

Boot gparted live disk or Ubuntu live disk.
Open gparted partition editor and shrink it's space to 1 TB.
create a new ntfs partition(primary) for Windows from that 1 TB of free space.
Install Windows on the created ntfs partition by chhosing custom option during Windows installation.
And finally don't forget to run boot-repair.


producing lot of heat and fan sound, while using ubuntu 12.04 on dell xps-l502x

I had the same problem. I solved it by installing Bumblebee.

It seems like it was a problem with power management. After installing Bumblebee and restarting my computer, it ran smoothly, with quiet fan and at normal temperature. Actually, now my battery last longer in Ubuntu than it does on Windows 7.


After a bit of searching, the problem was obvious.  It wasn't actually a problem with the machine itself, but with hyper-v.  Apparently Hyper-v is a terrible choice for linux virtualization.  It's a known problem that doesn't appear to have a fix other than just running something on the guest Linux machine.

I use this cron job

0 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.1.x

obviously the 192.168.1.x represents the ntp server.  This fixed my time every hour.  The documentation on how hyper-v has a hard time keeping time with linux guests is noted in several places such as here, and here.


How to customize 19.10 Desktop Icon Font Size

as a Admin or for system-wide

edit the file /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/desktop-icons@csoriano/stylesheet.css

.name-label {
    text-shadow: 1px 1px black;
    color: green;
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 40px;
}

I have already edited above part. I have added the line font-size: 40px; and changed the color to green.

Another Customization Image:

For local changes (with out need of root privileges)

follow this  post  and edit the contents like below in the stylesheet.css file.

.name-label {
    text-shadow: 1px 1px black;
    font-size: 40px;
}


This is a known bug. A patch has been submitted though it has not yet made it in to the official repo. You can get the updated files using the developer's PPA and following the instructions below:

Do a fresh install of 12.04, boot installer with nomodeset
On first boot add nomodeset in GRUB (hold shift on boot, press 'e' to edit)
Open a Terminal and type sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tjaalton/ppa
Run apt-get dist-upgrade
Reboot

Note: I've found that upgrading the kernel to 3.6-rc1 breaks the Intel driver, it also seems to be incompatible with the xorg-edgers packages.


Can I upgrade my ubuntu version and change to be primary OS after originally installing with Wibu?

When it comes to the error it is saying that 14.04, although an lts release, does not have unity2d as you are probably using on your current computer with 12.04, and would have to try and run a full unity3d environment with software acceleration instead of hardware. What are your computer's specs? Also to make it a primary installation you can download boot-repair (google it for instructions on doing so) and elect to install it in the mbr of your drive, then update grub. It will most likely have ubuntu as the default boot option and may even have an option to boot windows below it. If you want to just use ubuntu after that, just delete the windows partition (after backing up everything you want to save) then run sudo update-grub /dev/sd<letter of the primary drive, not a subpartition> then resize the ubuntu partition(s) CAREFULLY with gparted to take up the full disk.


Why Ubuntu One pretends to sychronize files, but it doesn't?

While the +50 bounty would be nice, askUbuntu is probably the wrong place for this. You should instead open a support request on https://one.ubuntu.com/help/contact/ or a bug report on Launchpad by running ubuntu-bug ubuntuone-client, so that the issue can be more appropriately looked at.


Where is the default tmux.conf file located?

You can use the current (default) settings as a starting point:

tmux show -g | cat > ~/.tmux.conf

Note the pipe to cat is required for now because of a known bug when redirecting tmux stdout to file.


Some graphic cards have open source drivers and proprietary ones (ATI and nVidia, to be more precise). The "right driver" might depend on your model and on what you are trying to run, as they may provide different performance.

As you are on Kubuntu, I am posting glxinfo commands that would test Unity 3D support (equivalent to /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p):

glxinfo | grep -i rendering
glxinfo | grep -i fbconfig
glxinfo | grep -i texture_from_pixmap
glxinfo | grep -i vertex_program
glxinfo | grep -i fragment_program
glxinfo | grep -i vertex_buffer
glxinfo | grep -i framebuffer_object
glxinfo | grep -i "glx version"

If you have output for all of those, you should be able to run Unity 3D. It is not like a stress test to run a specific app, but lets you know about basic 3D support.


Problem in creating alias, get strange messages

Probably you defined these alias in .bashrc file:

alias UIC = 'sudo openvpn --config ~/vpn/UIC-alopez78.ovpn'
alias mat = 'cd /home/alexisblopez/MATLAB/R2014a/bin/'
alias lab = './matlab'

You should edit .bashrc and remove space before and after =:

alias UIC='sudo openvpn --config ~/vpn/UIC-alopez78.ovpn'
alias mat='cd /home/alexisblopez/MATLAB/R2014a/bin/'
alias lab='./matlab'

save your changes and run source .bashrc


You will have to install samba and to configure it as a 'Domain Member'.  Full documentation is beyond the scope of an answer on askUbuntu.

I advise you to consult the offical site of samba, specifically the part about 'Learning samba' (see for instance, the Wiki part on how to configure samba as a domain member.


Workaround: You need to have Windows installed. Start Windows, then switch OFF bluetooth, shut down. Start Ubuntu, switch on bluetooth. Now you should be able to see BT devices.


From man npm:

   global mode:
          npm    installs    packages   into   the   install   prefix   at
          prefix/lib/node_modules and bins are installed in prefix/bin.

   local mode:
          npm installs packages into the current project directory,  which
          defaults   to   the  current  working  directory.  Packages  are
          installed  to  ./node_modules,  and  bins   are   installed   to
          ./node_modules/.bin.

   Local mode is the default. Use --global or -g on any command to operate
   in global mode instead.

So, when you used the -g flag, you were using npm in global mode. If you want to use the local mode, don't use the -g flag.


Unable to restart apache2 after installing SSL certificate

There are 3 problems :

There are duplicate files about SSLCertificateFile and SSLCertificateKeyFile which should be removed.
There is and cloudflare setting that should be disabled - Always use https
From the forums settings, the URL should be changed to https:// and the 301 redirect will be fine.

I hope this can help you @whitz


Kontact in Kubuntu 16.10 will not start because the Akonadi server will not start

Solved it removing the local configuration directory rm ~/.local/share/akonadi and restarting it with akonadictl start


Generate a list of available commands and what each does

If your purpose is to have a document listing the whatis output for every system command on your machine, do:

find {,/usr}/{,s}bin -printf '%f\0' | xargs -0 whatis > command-encyclopedia.txt

To also capture the entries for which there is no whatis output, append 2>&1 to that command
To put the undocumented entries in their own document, append 2> dark-commands.txt instead

Actually, to be a proper encyclopedia, you'll want to have it sorted as well!

find {,/usr}/{,s}bin -printf '%f\0' | xargs -0 whatis | sort > command-encyclopedia.txt

Better yet, make it interactively searchable (thx for the suggestion @Doogfar!):

find {,/usr}/{,s}bin -printf '%f\0' | xargs -0 whatis | sort | less

Now use / to search forward and ? to search backward, or Ctrl+F/B to page forward and backward in your encyclopedia.

Tip: if you want to save yourself the typing every time you need your command encyclopedia, put it in a shell function as described in this answer.


how to install sabrent usb to serial adapter drivers?

As far as I can see from their driver package they provide drivers for Redhat Linux only.

If you look into the Linux Folder and extract the file SBT-USCxxLinux.rar you get 3 folders named Redhat73, Redhat8 and Redhat9.

I looked some more and found several references to "Prolific", adapters with those chipsets are supposed to work without any additional drivers, please see if answers to the old question How to connect to a terminal to Serial-USB device on ubuntu 10.10? on Stackoverflow can help you.


How to check terminal command links to where or which file?

The command you are looking for is readlink . From man readlink

  readlink - print resolved symbolic links or canonical file names

Example, x-terminal-emulator is a link to /etc/alternatives/x-terminal-emulator, which finally links to your default terminal emulator in /usr/bin. Here i am using -e flag to check for existing files.

$> which x-terminal-emulator
/usr/bin/x-terminal-emulator
$> readlink -e $(which x-terminal-emulator)
/usr/bin/sakura

$> readlink -e $(which python)
/usr/bin/python2.7

The same can be done with realpath command:

$> realpath $(which x-terminal-emulator)
/usr/bin/sakura


I had same problem.

Following command helped me to stop 9.4 service.

pg_ctlcluster 9.4 main stop

After this command when I run

service postgresql stop
service postgresql start
service postgresql status

I have following output

9.3/main (port 5432): online
9.4/main (port 5434): down


if your using the unity version of ubuntu, type "additional drivers" in the "Dash" [circle thingy top left corner]. a small window will pop up, it starts searching for the drivers for you. but it takes quite some time. other versions [desktop types] of ubuntu should have a version of this program too.


Poor performance for VMWare workstation 8.0 with Ubuntu 12.04 on ThinkPad w530

I think the main problem is in the nvidia display driver. It seems it is not only the virtual machine, it is also the most of the applications on the host machine.

I removed the driver based on the instructions on this answer
How can I uninstall a nvidia driver completely ?

These are the steps

sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia-*
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf
echo 'nouveau' | sudo tee -a /etc/modules


I think you will need to boot into a live CD and Recover GRUB visit this Community Documentation link - the steps are not that hard to follow you just need to be sure of the Ubuntu install partition and use the 9.10 install Cd you have.


Ubuntu install on external USB hard drive with ntdlr missing error

You need to boot Ubuntu, either from a live DVD or flash drive.

See: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/install-desktop-latest


How do I change the icon of an internet shortcut?

Taking a hint from Jamie, I abandoned editing the original file, asked Google, and found the answer here.

The new file contains the following text only* and works great.

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=F@H WebCtrl
Type=Link
URL=http://client.foldingathome.org/
Icon=/home/steve/Downloads/cropped-folding-at-home-logo-1-300x300.png

*provided you edit the .desktop file and DO NOT select the icon to Open with Other Application.


Try adding the -iconic flag to your command, even though some window managers may choose to ignore it but I believe Unity acknowledges it.


I connected my laptop to my Samsung TV, fixed the problem. When I connected the laptop back on my DELL monitor, still no problem. So try that before complicating things in the terminal like i did at first.


Ubuntu Mate 15.10 won't boot after installation

I think the problem is that you are rebooting with the install USB or CD inserted. Remove the USB drive and then restart.


How to install the USB Token MS-IDProtect

A method to achieve its operation is as follows:

Get the middleware that must be provided by the distributor of the token.

Or download it from:

http://www.aladdin-rd.ru/support/downloads/get?ID=39875

The archive jacarta_pki_linux.zip contains deb and rpm versions.

For Ubuntu and Debian the files are:

idprotectclient_637.03-0_amd64.deb - 64 bits
idprotectclient_637.03-0_i386.deb - 32 bits

These files, once the file jacarta_pki_linux.zip unzipped, are found in /Deb.
Install required dependencies, opening a terminal and running on it:

exec sudo -i
apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade
apt-get install --reinstall coolkey gdebi libasedrive-usb libusb-1.0-0 libusb-1.0-0-dev libpcsclite-dev libpcslite1 libreadline6 libreadline6-dev libreadline-dev pcscd pcsc-tools opensc pinentry-gtk2

Install by gdebi our distribution corresponding to 32 or 64 bits file:

idprotectclient_637.03-0_amd64.deb - 64 bits, or
idprotectclient_637.03-0_i386.deb - 32 bits

4- Restart, they appear on the desktop launchers for:
IDProtecT Manager and IDProtect PINTool. And can be recognized and used the token

Source


I am sure you have tried this already but have you done what I usually forget to do which is select see hidden files or press ctrl and H in nautilus.

I would also try to open nautilus as root as suggested by enzotib or using the command sudo nautilus in a terminal.

That is I am sure what I did one of the last times I messed up


xubuntu 13.04 to 13.10 stuck during install on cups-server-common

Well I seemed to figure out what to do. In a panic in the past, while upgrading when it froze I would reboot and than would be unable to log back into my system.

First in terminal I entered

pkill -U username

logged back in

next in terminal:

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

(since updating was locked by another process)

lastly

sudo dpkg --configure -a


I was able to get xdebug on ubuntu working with phpstorm and netbeans 7.2 , refer to this post on how to configure this. This is the tutorial i < href="http://purencool.com/installing-xdebug-on-ubuntu">followed.


Atom editor not showing up in 'Other Applications' list in Nautilus Open With

I moved my /usr/share/applications/atom.desktop  to ~/.local/share/applications/ and that solved my problem.


I have found a strange way, but it works.

1 - Start the Notes App

2 - Add a new note, and attach the .gif from the "gallery"

3 - Done!


Opening programs very slow on Ubuntu 14.10

I have had the same experience because of my hardware. It seems Ubuntu from 13 has much 3d grahics that don't work well with onboard GPU. Since my pc was a business pc and lacked fancy high performance hardware I was advices by ubuntu to use lubuntu and I must confess lubuntu is super light fast on my system. It's very much the same as ubuntu but only better. Doing that saved me lots of time in trying to solve my hardware issues that I don't have time for since time is money. You can just install lxde in your current ubuntu and it will have a lubuntu choice at the log in screen. You'll need something like 1GB free space for that to install. As for me I cleaned installed lubuntu since I didn't have much complicated files that need advanced backup bacuse I just had documents. Good luck with wonderful and free ubuntu. Saves me alot of cash.


Adobe dropped Linux support in version 2.7 but you can still get and install version 2.6. If that's good enough for you, knowing it's not going to get an update, bug fixes or (importantly) security fixes, you can go ahead with that.

There is more information about this on their kb page.

If the computer is not network-attatched and there's no foreseeable security risk from any flaw in Air, I reckon you could just go with that. I think you'd have to be running untrusted content to ever have any major issues with it.

On a side note, Adobe seems to want to transition everything over to HTML5. In the not-too-distant future the tools you're using now (or, more likely an upgraded license of them) might be able to output something you could just load up in a browser (in kiosk mode) on the display, cutting out the need for Air runtimes.


The problem seems to be with my university and Linux. It is a well-known complaint in the physics faculty.

The solution has been to teather to android mobile which is connected to the university wifi or to use an ethernet port when available.


How to prevent NetworkManager from taking control of a specific network interface?

NetworkManager doesn't take control of interfaces listed in /etc/network/interfaces, so put the following line in that file:

iface wlan0 inet manual

This will make NetworkManager ignore wlan0.


After a failure 13.04 distupgrade, mount is not working anymore with CIFS

The first one looks good, try mounting without the options

sudo  mount -t cifs //192.168.1.40/media /mnt/media

enter your username and password (for your cuifs mount) when prompted.

The second one looks as if you are missing your mount point.

sudo mkdir -p /c/USB_HDD_4


Why are android-tools-adb and android-tools-fastboot packages marked as orphan?

The impression I get from reading https://askubuntu.com/a/287766/768583 is that it seems they may of been linked to another package/metapackage at one point on your system that has since been removed so they appear as orphaned, hope that helps in some way, sorry I can't be of more assistance.


For changing the sound key:

System settings
Keyboard
Shortcuts
Sound and media
Type on the Ctrl +F12 next to Volume up and edit the shortcut

As for the copy shortcut, it should be fixed to each application separately. There is no systemwide shortcut for this.


I think you just disabled the auto-unlock.  To disable it completely, I suppose you could uninstall it.  If that makes the package manager unhappy, you could also sudo chmod -x /usr/bin/gnome-keyring


Maybe the restart command is getting interrupted when the connecton is lost (at first glance asking a system to restart its network connection over the network seems dangerous). What you'd want is for networking restart to run independently of the controlling terminal. I'd add a crontab entry like so (put it in /etc/cron.d/checker-thingy perhaps):

* * * * * root /path/to/checker-thingy.sh

then checker-thingy.sh would be something like:

[ -f /tmp/restart-network ] && service networking restart
[ -f /tmp/restart-network ] && rm /tmp/restart-network

This is kinda awful and prone to other problems, but basically as you see it will restart the network if it finds a specific flag file in /tmp (and then remove the file to avoid a network resetting loop).

Then in your automated script you can do:

ssh server-ip 'touch /tmp/restart-network'

and after a minute or so you should see the network interface cycle as requested.


This can sometimes happen when the host computer does not cleanly shut down a running VirtualBox instance. It can usually be fixed like this:

Shut down any VirtualBox VMs that are running
Close VirtualBox if it's running
Move a configuration file like this:mv ~/.config/VirtualBox/VirtualBox.xml ~/.config/VirtualBox/VirtualBox.old
Restart VirtualBox

That should get you running again.


Had the same problem, however I found a work around on ubuntu 16.4.

Make sure you have installed all the steps in this answer;

network-manager-openvpn
network-manager-openvpn-gnome
network-manager-pptp
network-manager-vpnc

Then pick the 'edit connections' option at the bottom of the menu you show. In the window that pop up hit 'Add'. In the window that this creates you will see a drop down menu. Scroll far enough and you will see your vpn options;

Hit create and you will be offered all the usual settings.


Here's what I believe is happening, based upon Exiftool FAQ 10.

Metadata tags in the EXIF group are often stored in ASCII but for most (including the Copyright tag) there is no standard for how the characters are encoded.  The Metadata Working Group recommends that the data be encoded in UTF-8 but not all tools do this.  Exiftool is very flexible and has options to encode it however you like.  But it's default is to encode it how it receives it.  In this case, your shell character set is probably UTF-8 based character set and that's how the tag is encoded when written.

The Beanshell tool, however, is interpreting the tag as ASCII, which is why the copyright symbol is showing up as Â©.

If you still want to use the Copyright tag, then I think you can use this command:
exiftool -L -copyright="©2016 Jim Berry" File
The -L option is a shortcut to make Exiftool use Latin, Latin1, and cp1252 character sets.  I think you should be able to set the XMP:Rights tag in the same command without problems, as XMP tags are supposed to be written as UTF-8 anyway.  But test it out to be sure.

Just for completeness, there is also the IPTC:CopyrightNotice tag.  If you write this tag, it's best if you add -codedcharacterset=utf8 as well to force the IPTC:CopyrightNotice to be written as UTF-8.


Ubuntu 14.10 does not install in virtualbox

Hit Right Ctrl+F1 (you will see the shell) and then Right Ctrl+F7. Depending on the Virtualbox configuration use Left Ctrl+Alt together instead of Right Ctrl.

You are good to proceed with the installation.

This works by forcing the kernel's graphics buffer / X / XRandR to re-detect the monitor and display in the proper resolution.


I believe you're conflating two things:

The firmware (EFI/UEFI) -- This is software that's built into a chip on the computer's motherboard. Most computers sold these days have 64-bit EFIs; however, some low-end systems (mostly tablets and netbooks) have 32-bit EFIs, even if they've got 64-bit CPUs.
The EFI System Partition (ESP) -- This is a partition on the hard disk that holds boot loaders and related files. The EFI uses the ESP, but the ESP isn't really 32-bit or 64-bit, except insofar as it normally uses the FAT32 filesystem. FAT32 is used by both 32-bit and 64-bit EFIs, though; the "32" in "FAT32" has nothing to do with the bit depth of the firmware.

Installing Ubuntu on a system with a 32-bit EFI is possible, but awkward. See this question and its answers for details. Personally, my preference is to add a 32-bit EFI boot loader to a 32-bit Ubuntu installer and install a 32-bit Ubuntu; but many people prefer to install a 64-bit Ubuntu by using a 32-bit boot loader on a 64-bit Ubuntu installer. The advantages and disadvantages are rather technical, and which is best depends on your own needs and the hardware's features -- especially how much RAM and storage (disk or equivalent) space it provides. The more powerful the computer, the greater the advantage of installing a 64-bit Ubuntu; the weaker it is, the more sense it makes to stick with a 32-bit version.

On some computers, another option is to install in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode; however, all of the PCs with 32-bit UEFIs I know of don't have Compatibility Support Modules (CSMs; the software that enables an EFI to boot BIOS-mode boot loaders), so this isn't an option with them. It is an option with older Intel-based Macs with 32-bit EFIs. Mixing EFI-mode and BIOS-mode OS installations can also be tricky, so this isn't an appealing option if you're dual-booting.

Another question is whether you'll run into driver issues. I've got an ASUS T100 tablet/convertible that works poorly with every Linux I've tried on it because of driver issues unrelated to booting. (That said, I haven't tried anything more recent than Ubuntu 16.04, IIRC.) You may want to do a Web search on your model to learn whether it will work adequately before you invest any time in trying to get it to boot.

Overall, it's hard for me to disagree with MichaelBay's recommendation that you forget about installing Ubuntu on this computer. That said, I'm not familiar with your specific hardware, so I don't know what other issues you might run into, and those are likely to be more important than the boot loader issues, in the long run.


Or you could delete the Windows partition and dedicate part of that free space as a swap partition (useful depending on what the specs to your machine are) and the other portion for extra space as another Linux partition for storing files on.


How do I grant sudo privileges to an existing user?

You need to add the user hduser to the sudo group (which is the "administrators" group in Ubuntu).

If you have already created the user, you can add the user to the sudo group by running the following command in a Terminal:

sudo usermod -a -G sudo hduser


How do I set the correct monitor resolution with Nvidia drivers for a monitor that does not send EDID?

Follow these steps.

Note that steps 6 and 7 are not usually necessary; try skipping them and if that does not work, repeat all steps and include these two. Some monitors don't send EDID information to the computer, so Ubuntu can't know what the monitor is capable of and only offers safe (low) resolutions. Those two steps resolve that problem.

Reboot and restart in Recovery Mode.
Type rm /etc/X11/xorg.xonf (Enter)
Type reboot (Enter)
Once you're at the normal Ubuntu desktop again, press Alt + F2 and type terminal (Enter)
In the terminal, type sudo nvidia-xconfig (Enter). This will write a new xorg.conf file.
Press Alt + F2 and type gksu gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf (Enter).
Look for the part beginning with Section "Monitor"and there enter the correct HorizSync and VertRefresh values. (See How do I look up the hsync/vsync values for my monitor?)
Restart.
Once you're at the normal Ubuntu desktop again, find "Nvidia X Server Settings" in the "start menu" and start that.
In the section X Server Display Configuration, set the desired resolution and press the button Save to X Configuration File.
Reboot.

You should now have the proper resolution!

Finally, copy the file /etc/X11/xorg.conf to a safe place in case you mess it up later and need to restore it.


I only have one resolution 640x480 desktop looks zoomed in

fixed by using

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub

locate line #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

delete the # and replace 640x480 with 1024x480

sudo -H gedit /etc/grub.d/00_header

find line gfxmode=(grub_GFXMODE) and under that add

set gfx payload=keep

Ran sudo update-grub

then ran xdiagnose from dash checked all debug options

Boomshackalack. Usable desktop.


source list problem after upgrade to 15.04

Replace trusty with vivid in the files /etc/apt/sources.list and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*

Check the result with:

sudo find /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ -type f -name "*.list" | sed 's/trusty/vivid/' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo sed 's/trusty/vivid/' /etc/apt/sources.list

If it's OK, start sed with inline editing -i

sudo find /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ -type f -name "*.list" | sed -i 's/trusty/vivid/' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo sed -i 's/trusty/vivid/' /etc/apt/sources.list

and if it changes after each reboot, and you don't remember which tool did this, just add the above to your Startup Applications.


what are the different between live server and Ubuntu Server also Ubuntu Desktop?

Both the server and desktop install iso run as a live system.

The desktop includes a graphical desktop environment that you can use to web surf , email, edit text files, etc in addition to installing ubuntu with the desktop of choice. The desktop edition uses a graphical installer that runs on the desktop or you can run the installer without booting to a desktop.

The server is for installation only and runs a graphical installer that runs in a console, rather than a desktop. There is no live server environment, ie it does not run Apache or other servers, install media only.

See What's the difference between the server version and the desktop version? for additional details.


How can I use a script to get the IP address from ifconfig if the size of the IP changes in size with each connection?

In order to get your IP Adress from Ifconfig you can use this:

echo `ifconfig tun0 2>/dev/null|awk '/inet addr:/ {print $2}'|sed 's/addr://'`

This command will get the IP address of tun0.


USB sound card doesn't work properly in Ubuntu Mate 16.04

I've ran into the exact same problem. I am currently using pulseaudio volume control (pavucontrol) as a workaround.

Install PulseAudio Volume Control from terminal: (Ctrl+Alt+T)

sudo apt-get install pavucontrol

Once it's installed, run the program:

pavucontrol

You will find the emu sound card listed as an output device. If not, try reconnecting the device.

Set the profile of the sound devices you don't use to off in the configuration tab and check that the E-mu card is set to Analogue Stereo Duplex.

As long as I keep the pulseaudio volume control running my external sound card works flawlessly.

For now, I just added PulseAudio Volume Control to my startup applications list.

The easiest way to do this is to start the Startup Applications application (System -> Preferences -> Personal -> Startup Applications) and drag-and-drop PulseAudio Volume Control (Applications -> Sound and Video -> PulseAudio Volume Control ) into the Startup Applications window.

If I find a more elegant solution, I'll let you know.


Recovery mode networking from clean install - resolve.conf: no such file or directory

Turns out that while the network option loops the resolv.conf error and dumps me back to the recovery menu it does at least mount the filesystem and start the networking daemon.

As a result, selecting the root terminal afterwards means I can use it properly.


What *exactly* does "Launch using dedicated graphics card" do?

I had the exact same question, none of the valiables like __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME=nvidia, __NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD=1, __VK_LAYER_NV_optimus=NVIDIA_only, DRI_PRIME=1 produced the same result.
I even tried to search in gnome-shell source code but the functions aren't in gnome-shell repo.
I finally ACCIDENTALLY stumbled upon switechroo-controls package,
I tried switcherooctl launch <command> which replicates the gnome shell behaviour.
Then I had an epiphany to search for switcheroo in gnome-shell repo.
❯ grep -ri 'switcheroo'
Binary file .git/index matches
data/dbus-interfaces/net.hadess.SwitcherooControl.xml:      net.hadess.SwitcherooControl:
data/dbus-interfaces/net.hadess.SwitcherooControl.xml:      check the value of net.hadess.SwitcherooControl.HasDualGpu to see
data/dbus-interfaces/net.hadess.SwitcherooControl.xml:      The object path will be "/net/hadess/SwitcherooControl".
data/dbus-interfaces/net.hadess.SwitcherooControl.xml:  <interface name="net.hadess.SwitcherooControl">
js/ui/appDisplay.js:        this._switcherooNotifyId = global.connect('notify::switcheroo-control',
js/ui/appDisplay.js:        this._switcherooProxy = global.get_switcheroo_control();
js/ui/appDisplay.js:        if (this._switcherooProxy) {
js/ui/appDisplay.js:            let prop = this._switcherooProxy.get_cached_property('HasDualGpu');
src/meson.build:dbus_generated += gnome.gdbus_codegen('switcheroo-control',
src/meson.build:  '../data/dbus-interfaces/net.hadess.SwitcherooControl.xml',
src/shell-app.c:#include "switcheroo-control.h"
src/shell-app.c:  proxy = shell_global_get_switcheroo_control (global);
src/shell-app.c:      g_warning ("Could not apply discrete GPU environment, switcheroo-control not available");
src/shell-app.c:  variant = shell_net_hadess_switcheroo_control_get_gpus (SHELL_NET_HADESS_SWITCHEROO_CONTROL (proxy));
src/shell-app.c:  g_debug ("Could not find discrete GPU in switcheroo-control, not applying environment");
src/shell-global.c:#include "switcheroo-control.h"
src/shell-global.c:  GDBusProxy *switcheroo_control;
src/shell-global.c:  GCancellable *switcheroo_cancellable;
src/shell-global.c:  PROP_SWITCHEROO_CONTROL,
src/shell-global.c:got_switcheroo_control_gpus_property_cb (GObject      *source_object,
src/shell-global.c:        g_debug ("Could not get GPUs property from switcheroo-control: %s", error->message);
src/shell-global.c:  g_dbus_proxy_set_cached_property (global->switcheroo_control, "GPUs", gpus);
src/shell-global.c:  g_object_notify (G_OBJECT (global), "switcheroo-control");
src/shell-global.c:switcheroo_control_ready_cb (GObject      *source_object,
src/shell-global.c:  ShellNetHadessSwitcherooControl *control;
src/shell-global.c:  control = shell_net_hadess_switcheroo_control_proxy_new_for_bus_finish (res, &error);
src/shell-global.c:        g_debug ("Could not get switcheroo-control GDBusProxy: %s", error->message);
src/shell-global.c:  global->switcheroo_control = G_DBUS_PROXY (control);
src/shell-global.c:  g_debug ("Got switcheroo-control proxy successfully");
src/shell-global.c:  cached_props = g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property_names (global->switcheroo_control);
src/shell-global.c:      g_object_notify (G_OBJECT (global), "switcheroo-control");
src/shell-global.c:  g_dbus_connection_call (g_dbus_proxy_get_connection (global->switcheroo_control),
src/shell-global.c:                          g_dbus_proxy_get_name (global->switcheroo_control),
src/shell-global.c:                          g_dbus_proxy_get_object_path (global->switcheroo_control),
src/shell-global.c:                                         g_dbus_proxy_get_interface_name (global->switcheroo_control),
src/shell-global.c:                          global->switcheroo_cancellable,
src/shell-global.c:                          got_switcheroo_control_gpus_property_cb,
src/shell-global.c:    case PROP_SWITCHEROO_CONTROL:
src/shell-global.c:      g_value_set_object (value, global->switcheroo_control);
src/shell-global.c:switcheroo_appeared_cb (GDBusConnection *connection,
src/shell-global.c:  g_debug ("switcheroo-control appeared");
src/shell-global.c:  shell_net_hadess_switcheroo_control_proxy_new_for_bus (G_BUS_TYPE_SYSTEM,
src/shell-global.c:                                                         "net.hadess.SwitcherooControl",
src/shell-global.c:                                                         "/net/hadess/SwitcherooControl",
src/shell-global.c:                                                         global->switcheroo_cancellable,
src/shell-global.c:                                                         switcheroo_control_ready_cb,
src/shell-global.c:switcheroo_vanished_cb (GDBusConnection *connection,
src/shell-global.c:  g_debug ("switcheroo-control vanished");
src/shell-global.c:  g_clear_object (&global->switcheroo_control);
src/shell-global.c:  g_object_notify (G_OBJECT (global), "switcheroo-control");
src/shell-global.c:  global->switcheroo_cancellable = g_cancellable_new ();
src/shell-global.c:                    "net.hadess.SwitcherooControl",
src/shell-global.c:                    switcheroo_appeared_cb,
src/shell-global.c:                    switcheroo_vanished_cb,
src/shell-global.c:  g_cancellable_cancel (global->switcheroo_cancellable);
src/shell-global.c:  g_clear_object (&global->switcheroo_cancellable);
src/shell-global.c:                                   PROP_SWITCHEROO_CONTROL,
src/shell-global.c:                                   g_param_spec_object ("switcheroo-control",
src/shell-global.c:                                                        "switcheroo-control",
src/shell-global.c:                                                        "D-Bus Proxy for switcheroo-control daemon",
src/shell-global.c: * shell_global_get_switcheroo_control:
src/shell-global.c: * Get the global #GDBusProxy instance for the switcheroo-control
src/shell-global.c:shell_global_get_switcheroo_control (ShellGlobal  *global)
src/shell-global.c:  return global->switcheroo_control;
src/shell-global.h:         shell_global_get_switcheroo_control    (ShellGlobal  *global);

Which confirms it, more intuitive proof (I am a fedora user):

TLDR
In answer to your exact question: Gnome does it by using a library switcheroo-control.
Practical answer: you can do the same thing with switcherooctl launch <command>

EDIT: I am not sure if the command works on ubuntu, but debian and ubuntu repositories have the package switcheroo-control.
This is the tree of extracted switcheroo-control package (deb).
.
├── etc
│   └── dbus-1
│       └── system.d
│           └── net.hadess.SwitcherooControl.conf
├── lib
│   ├── systemd
│   │   └── system
│   │       └── switcheroo-control.service
│   └── udev
│       └── hwdb.d
│           └── 30-pci-intel-gpu.hwdb
└── usr
    ├── libexec
    │   └── switcheroo-control
    └── share
        └── doc
            └── switcheroo-control
                ├── changelog.Debian.gz
                ├── copyright
                ├── NEWS.gz
                └── README.md

Edit: Ok I found the problem, when setting the variable if you set like VAR=value, this is a regular variable, while export VAR=value makes it accessible to subprocesses (REF)
after this,any one of the variables work for me,export __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME=nvidia,export __NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD=1,export __VK_LAYER_NV_optimus=NVIDIA_only,export DRI_PRIME=1 (they have their own different functions)
so use switchrootctl launch <command> or,
export above variables and launch the process. you can even create a alias
Ex:
alias dgpu="export __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME=nvidia && export __NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD=1 &&"
and then dgpu <command>
this is the environment variables set by switchroot-control (in my case).


Saucy: Boost shared libs contain no symbols

Most shared libraries installed from the Ubuntu repositories do not contain symbols. Packages are typically built with debug symbols, which are then stripped and put into separately installable packages for use with gdb or other debuggers.

If you want to see the symbols in a shared library's dynamic symbol table, which are the public symbols that can be linked with, use nm -D instead of just nm.


I can't find any icon to start Python. Do I have to use a Terminal?

To install python3

Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and run:

sudo apt-get install python3

(You must enter your user's password. The terminal won't show anything new while you type, but that's normal.)

Now to start using Python3 run:

python3

Python is an interpreter, meaning that you start it and then it waits for commands to be executed:

$ python3
>>> print('Hello World!')
Hello World!

If you want a fancier interpreter install IPython3:

sudo apt-get install ipython3

I think a launcher icon is installed for IPython3.

Read An Informal Introduction to Python for some basic stuff you can do in the interpreter.

Remark. As you can see there's no need to go to the Python website to download it, (almost) everything is in the repositories for Ubuntu. You just need to open the Software Center or learn some basic apt-get and apt-cache usage. My recommendation is you first familiarize with Ubuntu as a casual user (or power user), learn more about the terminal (and bash), learn more about APT, learn more about Unix/Linux tools; then read the Python tutorials/books. This way you'll learn about different ways to do things the Linux way (and why Python is awesome :P).


First, add a line to /etc/rc.local:

/path/to/finishinstallscript

Your /path/to/startinstallscript looks like this:

#!/bin/bash
list item
apt install this
reboot

Your /path/to/finishinstallscript looks like this:

#!/bin/bash
apt install that
finish some other thing
echo "#!/bin/bash" > /path/to/finishinstallscript
exit 0

At reboot, the finishinstallscript is overwritten by an empty (well, just the shebang) line. Thus, after a second reboot, nothing is executed a second time. You will want to keep a copy of the original finishinstallscript, as it is lost after reboot.

The exit 0 command is there to ensure the startup script ends properly (otherwise your system won't boot in case of failure).

Don't forget to make both scripts executable. It could also be useful to notify the user of what is happening with a notify-send message before rebooting.


Change command-line arguments for favorite applications in Dock

When you click on Terminal icon on Dock, actually New Window action is performed. I believe you added --maximize flag only in main entries which will give you maximized terminal window when launched from launcher. So, edit the org.gnome.Terminal.desktop and add the above said flag to New Window also. It would look like:

[Desktop Action new-window]
Name=New Window
Exec=gnome-terminal --window --maximize


You'll be needing Alex Murray’s excellent Hardware Sensors Indicator for Unity. Only available from PPA at the moment:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexmurray/indicator-sensors
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-sensors


Package python-software-properties is not available

Open the "install-deps" file in Torch folder.
Go to the line 178.
Change sudo apt-get install -y python-software-properties to sudo apt-get install -y software-properties-common
Worked for me.


Ubuntu DOES use sudo instead of su but this doesn't really solve the problem long term.  In order to solve this problem for good you need to change the su password.  Unfortunately to change the su password in Ubuntu you can't just use the passwd command. You need to use a combination of sudo with passwd like this:

user@user-ubuntu1:~$ sudo passwd
[sudo] password for user: # enter your sudo password here
Enter new UNIX password: # enter the password you want for your su password here
Retype new UNIX password: # reenter your new su password
passwd: password updated successfully

And there you have it - no more errors.


Beginner question of lan and ubuntu server

I assume your router has two ports, not one: one outside port and one inside port. To be secure, what you want to achieve is that no traffic originating from outside can travel in, unless you explicitly allow it to. You also want to achieve that traffic originating inside can travel out, and responses to it can travel back in and arrive at the originating computer.

If your router does NAT and offers port forwarding, then this is sufficient to achieve the above situation. Assign local IP addresses to the internal computers, and make the router NAT these to the outside. Local IP addresses are in the ranges 10.*, 192.168.* or 172.16-31.*. To expose your web server to the outside, set up a port forward of port 80 on the outside to port 80 on the server. Disallow any other port forwards, virtual hosts, or the like on your router.

This is not "the highest security" that you ask for. Security can always be improved on, but it's a good baseline.


If the problem is the session manager, you can switch using the command:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm

A dialogue will appear where you can chose between GDM and Lightdm.

The process is better explained here.


Maybe there are too many start-up applications going.Try disabling some unnecessary ones.
You can do it with BUM software.(sudo apt-get install bum)
If you hesitate about necessity of apps just Google!


Use Ubuntu Software Center: OpenJDK Java 6 Runtime


Why do I have a new Files symbol after opening it?

Something in how Ubuntu launches Files might have changed in an update. That means that the launched Files doesn't have the exact same command line as the linked Files.

You could probably fix it by right-clicking the opened folder, select Lock to launcher, and the removing the original, normal Files icon by right-clicking it, and selecting Unlock from launcher. Then you move the "new" icon up to the position of the old icon, and it should work as before.


I can not increase or decrease the brightness of my screen on UBUNTU 15.10

I do not know if it works for your Computer too. Some has written that it works for this Gateway NV44 (ubuntuforums.org). S*he just used the given script: link to the script
Open terminal and type (or use any other texteditor
mousepad ./backlight_d.sh

Insert to the skript
#!/bin/bash

old_b=9;
declare -i curr_b=240;
declare -i target_b=240;

while : ; do
b=`cat /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness`;
delay="0.5"

if [ $old_b != $b ]; then
old_b=$b
let "target_b=$b * 20 + 12"
#printf "Target: %10d\n" $target_b
fi

hex_b=".";

if [ "$curr_b" -lt "$target_b" ] ; then
let "curr_b=$curr_b + 2"
if [ "$curr_b" -gt "$target_b" ] ; then
let "curr_b=$target_b"
fi

hex_b="-"
elif [ "$curr_b" -gt "$target_b" ] ; then
let "curr_b=$curr_b - 2"
if [ "$curr_b" -lt "$target_b" ] ; then
let "curr_b=$target_b"
fi

hex_b="-"
fi

if [ $hex_b != "." ] ; then
hex_b=`printf "%02X" $curr_b`
delay="0.005"
setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=$hex_b
fi

sleep $delay
done

Save the file and close the editor.
Next is copying the file in /etc and change the file rights by (you may have to enter your password)
sudo cp ./backlight_d.sh /etc/ && sudo chmod +x /etc/backlight_d.sh

Open with a texteditor the rc.local
sudo mousepad /etc/rc.local

and add befor exit 0;
nohup /etc/backlight_d.sh &

Save the file and close the editor.

"restart your computer. According to that article, you should be able to adjust your brightness." source


Audio: Turtle Beach / C-Media USB Adapter: Digital output only appears when present at boot

See https://askubuntu.com/a/585580/499391 for the answer that worked for me with a similar issue. From a terminal and your logged in user account (no need for sudo/root access):

pulseaudio -k

It will be killed and when restarting, it will discover the digital/SPIDF interfaces. I suspect pulseaudio has this issue for all USB audio devices that have both analogue and digital interfaces.

(Maybe go to the original answer and uptick their answer, as that's where credit is due)


How to check that VPNC (VPN Cisco) works on Ubuntu 14.04?

I have fixed the problem by only connecting via vpnc and not using network-manager-vpnc. Look at the reply by seedkhan here or my reply here. The fact that vpnc works but not with network-manager-vpnc on a freshly installed ubuntu suggests that there may be a bug in network-manager-vpnc.


How to remove the packages causing GPG error at once

Reinstall the programs, but remove corresponding files in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/. In case of Brave, see if there is any corresponding file with the command
ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-*.list
before, remove it
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-*.list


How to include/exclude many different files/folders using terminal

-and is redundant regardless, so you can simply remove that, and ! can be used instead of the non-standard -not operator. You can use a bash array to list the excludes one per line. Not much shorter, but easier to read and edit.

filters=(
    ! -name '*.DS_Store'
    ! -name '*.sh'
    ! -name '*.bash'
)

find . -type f \( "${filters[@]}" \) -print

Extending the above to also avoid descending into certain directories by using -prune:

filters=(
    ! -name '*.DS_Store'
    ! -name '*.sh'
    ! -name '*.bash'
)
prune_dirs=(
       -name '*.tmp'
    -o -name 'tmp'
    -o -name '.Trash*'
)

find . -type d \( "${prune_dirs[@]}" \) -prune -o -type f \( "${filters[@]}" \) -print


I had the same problem, sneakily enough the last thing output was loading raid10 but what was actually hanging was /sbin/mdadm --examine --scan --config=partitions in /usr/share/mdadm/mkconf. This was called by the mdadm hook for mkinitramfs so removing mdadm as Gord Rowland said should work. For me it hanged scanning dm devices which it seemed to do in decreasing order by number, this led me to suspect an external USB drive. The drive had opened LUKS on it but was not mounted. Previously having it attached had been fine. Closing it with cryptsetup also hanged so I disconnected it physically. After that running mdadm scans worked fine and updating initramfs also worked.
If you have this problem and need mdadm try running sudo /sbin/mdadm -vv --examine --scan --config=partitions and see if that hangs (the extra -vv is for more verbosity). If it does, check ls -l /dev/mapper/ if that points you to a drive that might be causing trouble. It should also be possible to configure which devices are scanned by mdadm and avoid any that cause problems but I did not try this.


persistent notification for Unity launcher icons

Turns out this isn't required; setting the demands_attention flag already adds a subtle indicator (blue triangle) to the very top left, which disappears when the respective window is focused again.


'grp:toggle' is the answer as UnKNOWn suggested in this comment.


I was able to solve the problem by commenting out the disk related section of my pm-powersave hook which I have copied below. I am not sure which line is the culpret and I will investiagte the battery implications. I don't think commenting these lines will hurt my battery since I am running an SSD, but only time will tell.

Im guessing that one of these commands is either not playing nicely with my SSD or the fact that I use full drive encryption.

battery_power()
{
#  ##
#  ## DISK and FILESYSTEMS
#  ##
#
#  # Set the disks to aggressively save power.
#  # Some might find these settings too aggressive.  If so, change
#  # "-S 4" to something larger like -S 24 (two minutes) and -B 1 to -B 255.
#  # -S 4 => put in standby after 20 seconds idle
#  # -B 1 => highest degree of power savings
#  # -M => not supported by my drive
#  hdparm -B 1 -S 4 /dev/sda
#
#  # Change ext3/ext4 filesystem settings to reduce disk activity.
#  # noatime => disable updates to a file's access time when the file is read.
#  # commit=600 => Change the commit times to 10 minutes.
#  mount -o remount,noatime,commit=600 /
#
#  # Set laptop disk write mode
#  echo 5 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
#
#  # Set SATA to minimum power
#  echo min_power > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/link_power_management_policy
#  echo min_power > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/link_power_management_policy


Unable to connect to my Ubuntu machine using Putty remotely?

Well, AFAIR correctly you need the openssh server for that which is NOT installed by default.

So try

aptitude install openssh-server

and try again.

So when the openssh-server is installed, try to see if it is running and to which port it listens to.

E.G.

[simmel]@[mars]$ service ssh status
ssh start/running, process 1279

so mine is running, let's see to which ip(s) it listens to.

[simmel]@[mars]$ sudo netstat -tlpn
Aktive Internetverbindungen (Nur Server)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1279/sshd

So it's running and listening on all interfaces, which is the way it's setup by default.

Now try to connect to the server from localhost, does this work?

[simmel]@[mars]$ ssh -p22 simmel@localhost
Enter passphrase for key '/home/simmel/.ssh/id_rsa':

It's working too. So the service itself is up an running and waiting for connections.

Now go to the system from where you would like to connect and install nmap and then scan the system, you should see the open ports after the scan.

sudo aptitude install nmap

and then (as root)

nmap -sS 10.128.225.177

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2015-04-01 14:33 CEST
Nmap scan report for 10.128.225.177
Host is up (0.00075s latency).
Not shown: 995 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 8.45 seconds

Alternatevly you could try

telnet <ip-adress> 22

If both don't work your system def. blocks these request, possibly as suggested with a firewall. Most common is iptables. So give it a try and check on the system you installed the openssh-server

iptables -L

If it looks different like this

[simmel]@[mars]$ sudo iptables -L
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

an active iptables might be blocking these requests.


Just download Qt-4.8 from here and run the self-installer

http://qt-project.org/downloads

or install it from ubuntu software center (two package)

qt-sdk

qt creator


How do upgrade pip3 when xenial says it's already installed but jupyter says it's not?

Wow, that's weird.

I didn't have python3-pip installed on my system, and when I installed it, pip3 worked.

Maybe you've managed to break the install somehow. Try apt install --reinstall python3-pip.


Which sound cards below are supported on Ubuntu 13.10?

You'll have a lot of headaches trying to get Creative sound cards to function in Linux. I would go with the ASUS cards. Also, you mean Ubuntu 14.04, right?


nvidia-settings crash while on Intel graphics

I have exactly the same issue. If I remove all the Nvidia packages and Prime and re-install and then reboot without changing anything I get access to the Nvidia settings. As soon as I swap to the IGP I can no longer swap back to the discrete GPU.

I have tried with different nvidia drivers and it is exactly the same result. Initially I was getting ACPI errors in the logs but now it just logs the Segment Faults (error 4 in libc-2.19.so).

Any ideas?


First make your script executable.

chmod +x /path/to/script

Open Startup Applications, from the cog menu present at the upper right corner.

Click on Add.

Fill in all the details and click Add.

Logout and login back to check.


Currently it is not possible to change the icon size in Unity 2D - also not even with third-party software. Sorry. There exists a script to modify the icon size, buts not recommended for further updates.


What is "Automatic Source" in depcache.cc in the source code package of apt?

A source for apt, as given in apt's sources.list for example, can have a Release file which specifies various properties of the source. For example, the Release file of Ubuntu back ports for 16.04:

Origin: Ubuntu
Label: Ubuntu
Suite: xenial-backports
Version: 16.04
Codename: xenial
Date: Wed, 06 Sep 2017 14:06:49 UTC
Architectures: amd64 arm64 armhf i386 powerpc ppc64el s390x
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Description: Ubuntu Xenial Backports
NotAutomatic: yes
ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes
MD5Sum:
 f1647057d0c93fc58961ea0d03f5e524           244120 Contents-powerpc

Note the last few fields in seen here. Those are the same ones being tested in that code. An automatic source is one in which NotAutomatic is not yes. These fields are used for assigning a default priority to sources by apt. From man apt_preferences:

   If the target release has been specified then APT uses the following
   algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign:

   priority 1
       to the versions coming from archives which in their Release files
       are marked as "NotAutomatic: yes" but not as "ButAutomaticUpgrades:
       yes" like the Debian experimental archive.

   priority 100
       to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the
       versions coming from archives which in their Release files are
       marked as "NotAutomatic: yes" and "ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes" like
       the Debian backports archive since squeeze-backports.

You can read more about how these priorities are used by apt in the manpage.

Now, in the first comment, "not source" means a package version which is not from an apt source (an entry in sources.list, for example). This would be a version that's already installed, so the information comes from /var/lib/dpkg/status (you can check the output of apt-cache policy for an installed package to see this). "Not automatic versions" are from a source that's marked NotAutomatic as described above.
Such sources are called "not automatic" in the second comment.


You have installed a wrong driver for this adapter.

Run in terminal

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer
sudo modprobe b43

and your Wi-Fi should work.


Blocked internet traffic for device seems to be leaking out to internet

I know iptables is a bit irritating at first use, but when you understand what a chain is, it's really easy to use. You should read some tutorials how to use iptables. In the meantime you may use this small iptables.sh script, it should be self explaining.
#!/bin/bash

# set default chain policy to ACCEPT everything
/sbin/iptables --policy INPUT ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables --policy FORWARD ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables --policy OUTPUT ACCEPT

# accept all INPUT and OUTPUT from and to the loopback-interface
/sbin/iptables --insert INPUT --in-interface lo --jump ACCEPT
/sbin/iptables --insert OUTPUT --out-interface lo --jump ACCEPT

# rules for chain INPUT
# reject all INPUT which is not from network 192.168.2.0 with subnetmask 255.255.255.0
/sbin/iptables --append INPUT --source !192.168.2.0/24 --jump REJECT

# rules for chain FORWARD
# reject all FORWARD which is not from network 192.168.2.0 with subnetmask 255.255.255.0
/sbin/iptables --append FORWARD --source !192.168.2.0/24 --jump REJECT
# reject all FORWARD which goes not to network 192.168.2.0 with subnetmask 255.255.255.0
/sbin/iptables --append FORWARD --destination !192.168.2.0/24 --jump REJECT

# rules for chain OUTPUT
# reject all OUTPUT which goes not to network 192.168.2.0 with subnetmask 255.255.255.0
/sbin/iptables --append OUTPUT --destination !192.168.2.0/24 --jump REJECT

PS I've not tested the script, but it should work.


Kubuntu 13.10 - backintime-kde do not start

As Mirto already pointed out this was a bug in versions <= 1.0.26

To fix this manually you can comment out (by putting # at the start of it) the line self.list_files_view_model.removeColumns( 3, 2 ) in /usr/share/backintime/kde4/app.py

You could do this (for example) by running

sudo sed -i.bak 's/\(self.list_files_view_model.removeColumns( 3, 2 )\)/#\1/g' /usr/share/backintime/kde4/app.py

(This also makes a local backup of the original file)

Disclaimer: I'm member of BIT-Dev Team


Ubuntu 18.04 - A script to shut down a PC in an event

Good day,
I finally came up with a solution and forgot to list it here for other users.
1) the function nvidia-smi utilization.gpu is not supported for GPU 780 Ti, it was necessary to modify the script asking for the value fan.speed
2) with the upgrade to a higher range of GPUs, all nvidia-smi features are supported, including utilization.gpu

Over fan.speed - nVidia GPU series lower than 8

    #!/bin/bash
echo $(date +"%T") >> $HOME/Octane/GPU-off.log
echo "1) FIRST VERIFICATION"
GPU1=$(exec nvidia-smi --format=csv,noheader,nounits --id=0 --query-gpu=fan.speed)
echo $GPU1
if [[ ${GPU1} -le 40 ]]; then
    sleep 15m
    echo $(date +"%T") >> $HOME/Octane/GPU-off.log
    echo "2) SECOND VERIFICATION"
    GPU2=$(exec nvidia-smi --format=csv,noheader,nounits --id=0 --query-gpu=fan.speed)
    echo $GPU2
    if [[ ${GPU2} -le 40 ]]; then
        sleep 15m
        echo $(date +"%T") >> $HOME/Octane/GPU-off.log
        echo "3) SHUTDOWN"
        GPU3=$(exec nvidia-smi --format=csv,noheader,nounits --id=0 --query-gpu=fan.speed)
        echo $GPU3
        if [[ ${GPU3} -le 40 ]]; then
            echo $(date +"%T") >> $HOME/Octane/GPU-off.log
            sudo poweroff
        fi
    fi
fi

Over utiluzation.gpu

#!/bin/bash
echo $(date +"%T") >> $HOME/Octane/GPU-off.log
echo "1) FIRST VERIFICATION"
GPU1=$(exec nvidia-smi --format=csv,noheader,nounits --id=0 --query-gpu=utilization.gpu)
echo $GPU1
if [[ ${GPU1} -le 10 ]]; then
    sleep 15m
    echo $(date +"%T") >> $HOME/Octane/GPU-off.log
    echo "2) SECOND VERIFICATION"
    GPU2=$(exec nvidia-smi --format=csv,noheader,nounits --id=0 --query-gpu=utilization.gpu)
    echo $GPU2
    if [[ ${GPU2} -le 10 ]]; then
        sleep 15m
        echo $(date +"%T") >> $HOME/Octane/GPU-off.log
        echo "3) SHUTDOWN"
        GPU3=$(exec nvidia-smi --format=csv,noheader,nounits --id=0 --query-gpu=utilization.gpu)
        echo $GPU3
        if [[ ${GPU3} -le 10 ]]; then
            echo $(date +"%T") >> $HOME/Octane/GPU-off.log
            sudo poweroff
        fi
    fi
fi


Do GNOME Shell extensions have any impact on system speed?

Newer systems will not notice a dip in overall speed. The main effect they will have will be on the RAM, where everything is loaded, but even that will depend on what type of extension you're talking about. For example, the binary clock will have almost no effect on the CPU usage (processing speed) and very little effect on the RAM.

So I guess my answer is, No.

You can use the System Monitor to ensure things are not getting out of hand with gnome-shell.


Opening a folder creates an icon on the desktop

One can hide and unhide network-servers / shares using gsettings

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.desktop network-icon-visible false

Refer here for reference


Restoring my original keyboard mapping without logging on

Reboot.

Press and hold the left Shift key.

Look for the kernel that ends in (recovery mode) and load it.

Now drop to a root shell.

Then move to the user directory in question and delete the .Xmodmap file.


There was an Ubuntu version for netbooks, but Canonical stopped production at 10.10 Maverick Meerkat.

If you really want to install it, you can get it from here. However, the support for it ended on April 10, 2012, which means that if you install it, you will not receive updates or support for Canonical.

If you do not want to use Ubuntu Netbook Edition (a good idea; it is outdated and most of it's features have been merged with the main release), you can install the "Gnome" package from the Ubuntu Software Center (or run sudo apt-get install gnome), which will install Gnome Classic, which uses less resources than the Unity shell.

Another option for you would be to install Lubuntu , an Ubuntu version with the lightweight window manager LXDE and lighter-weight alternatives to Ubuntu's stock software.


What you are doing by executing something like gedit filename.sh & is telling your shell to run gedit in the background as a job (as seen by [1] 3842).


how to install a tar file with a command?

First, you must extract the tar file, you can use something like this,

tar -xvzf filename

go into the extracted directory using cd.

There is several ways to install the program, depends on the program files.
But the most common one is using these commands below,

./configure
make
sudo make install

Or using the easy_install from python.


How can I make the function keys the default on a Logitech K760 Bluetooh keyboard?

Hi I have the k760 keyboard an im also trying to find a way to do this.
This seems to be a good place to start http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-input/msg24280.html

He has managed  to get it working for  k810. if you can get the setpoint codes for the k760 you should be able to modify this code to make it work for  k760 that is asuming that they are similar.

Update: I got it working !!! used the same procedure as describedd in the link.

#define HID_VENDOR_ID_LOGITECH          (__u32)0x046d
#define HID_DEVICE_ID_K810              (__s16)0xb316

const char k810_seq_fkeys_on[]  = {0x10, 0xff, 0x05, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
const char k810_seq_fkeys_off[] = {0x10, 0xff, 0x05, 0x14, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00};