My Laptop automatically disconnects from wifi

It looks like you have problems with ideapad_laptop module.

This module is responsible for platform specific features one of them is handling wireless blocking and unblocking.

Lately some bugs have been reported for some Lenovo laptops. Some of them have been fixed, some are not even reported.

First of all I suggest upgrading kernel to 3.19. It will install a newer ideapad_laptop. There is a chance that this issue is fixed there.

To upgrade the kernel run in terminal

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-vivid

and reboot.

Then test your wireless network for a while.

If the problem persists, you can permanently disable ideapad_laptop module by running

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ideapad_laptop.conf <<< "blacklist ideapad_laptop"

This must solve the problem.

This setting can be always reverted by

sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ideapad_laptop.conf

If upgrading kernel does not solve the problem I suggest reporting the bug to launchpad. You will need to remove the blacklist and run in terminal

ubuntu-bug linux

and follow the directions.

This will help to solve this problem for everyone. You can post link to the bug here.


R: Cannot install rJava; what is r-api-3.4?

I guess the issue is that, when you were trying to install r-cran-rjava, it required you to have R 3.4 on your system (i.e. the version of the official Ubuntu repositories) rather than R 3.5.

It looks like this can be an issue for other packages, like rkward for example (it also asks for r-api-3.4 and can't resolve the dependency).

To fix that, you might have to add an extra PPA that provides newer version of extra R packages for the 3.5 branch, like Michael Rutter's
cran2deb4ubuntu_3.5, which seems to be the reference. (It currently contains r-cran-rjava in its version 0.9-10-3cran1ppa0bionic0)

This might do the trick:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:marutter/c2d4u3.5
sudo apt update
sudo apt install r-cran-rjava


Blinking cursor on black screen using Virtualbox

I've solved it. I had to turn on Intel VT-x in the BIOS options.


No, bash handles that differently.

Actually bash uses positional parameter(s) (arguments) instead of directly using the usual function_name(input_var) format.

Inside the function definition, use $1 for first argument to the function, $2 for second and so on. While referring the function, just tag along the parameters after the function name (maintain the desired sequence).

Example:

$ foo () { echo "This is $1" ;}
$ foo bar
This is bar

$ foo () { echo "First: $1; Second: $2" ;}
$ foo bar spam
First: bar; Second: spam


Xubuntu 16.04 usb display second screen / projector

After some research, your projector is USB compatible with Windows and Mac OS see page 23 of the user manual:
ftp://downloads.benq.net/user_manuals/projectors/english/projector_um_user_manual_20120331_114457_gp2_en.pdf

There are no linux drivers listed on the downloads page: http://www2.benq.us/product/projector/joybeegp2/downloads/

The mini HDMI port (1.3) is not a part of the multi-input socket/wires (input 11) but is separate (input 12) per the user manual page 9.  There has been reported success with the HDMI input working with Ubuntu, thereby projecting to the projector, however, I did not discover any positive results for using this projector with Ubuntu or other distros via USB.

It may be possible to contact Benq for a replacement or repair of the projector pins or the multi-input wires/pins, though this model has been discontinued.  I wish you the best in your search and hope the mini-HDMI input is still an option, with or without an adapter.


Ok, found the error on my own.
I had to do the following:

sudo apt install python3-pyqt4

classic error, I installed the old python packages. Hint: apt-get is replaced by apt.


Another process uses dpkg.

1.So if such process is running , wait to be finished.

2.If it's not work , system restart may be helpful.

3.And if any of them not be helpful , try this command:

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

4.Also you may need this commands:

sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock
sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock


fsck from util-linux 2.26.2 how to fix it

It means that the integrity of the file system on /dev/sda2 was checked and no error was found. There's nothing to fix here, because it's just a notification that there was no problem.


Can I smoothly upgrade from one LTS to next LTS release?

You can upgrade smoothly through LTS releases whether it's Server or Desktop. It doesn't matter what you use, you just need to use these commands:

For Desktop Version:

sudo do-release-upgrade

For Server Version:

sudo apt-get install update-manager-core
sudo do-release-upgrade

NOTE: Please always make sure you test the target LTS you're being prompted to upgrade to in a LiveCD on the machine you're using to make sure everything works properly before going in for the real upgrade itself.


Make sure you check all of the possible settings:

Is the card enabled in your BIOS?
Is it present in lspci -vv?


There is no circuit-specific output because you haven't simulated anything yet.

The most basic simulation you can do is op, which performs a DC operating point analysis:

$ ngspice test.cir
******
** ngspice-27 : Circuit level simulation program
** The U. C. Berkeley CAD Group
** Copyright 1985-1994, Regents of the University of California.
** Please get your ngspice manual from http://ngspice.sourceforge.net/docs.html
** Please file your bug-reports at http://ngspice.sourceforge.net/bugrep.html
** Creation Date: Tue Dec 26 17:10:20 UTC 2017
******

Circuit: circuit

ngspice 1 -> op
Doing analysis at TEMP = 27.000000 and TNOM = 27.000000

No. of Data Rows : 1
ngspice 1 -> print all
v(1) = -1.00000e+01
v#branch = -2.00000e+00
ngspice 1 ->


I seriously doubt its because of software source server problem, you can try to choose server for your country by opening software sources and changing Download from drop down.

now on a terminal type

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install gphpedit


This answer was originally posted in an Ubuntu Forums thread Live-CD won´t detect my HDD as mentioned in  this comment.

In the end all this BIOS tunning didn't played any role on my problem, as Grahammechanichal suggested I set my bios back to legacy boot and managed to install using a tool called FixParts. Aparently the problem is related to GPT data.

So the first step was to boot using your USB Stack or CD/DVD and select "Try Ubuntu".
After doing that just load terminal using Ctrl+Alt+T
And launch FixParts to fix it...it can correct the problems almost automatically. See Rod Smith's answer for more details.


Using laptop keyboard shuts down computer

You need to follow the comment here, first updating your kernal to >= 5.11.x, and then following the steps, then installing NVIDIA drivers.
https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/ubuntu-mate-20-04-with-rtx-3070-on-ryzen-5900-black-screen-after-boot/167681/30


Ubuntu 16.04 issue : Applications does not have own title bars, and undetachable

Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+t. Now paste the following command in the terminal:

dconf reset -f /org/compiz/ && setsid unity

This resets the settings of compiz, the Window Manager of the Unity desktop, to the factory defaults. The 'setsid' command restarts unity in a totally fresh session.

Eventually, you may need to log out and back in before you see results.


I had this issue in Ubuntu 18.04 and resolved it by navigating to the identity tab of the vpn settings, clicking on the password settings and changing the setting from "Store the password only for this user" to "Store the password for all users".


Pause music when bluetooth connection drops

My first instinct would be to pause the music on the earbuds as the range distorts the sound. But as you say this doesn't work. The second option would be to tell Pulse Audio not to switch sound to the speakers when earbuds are out of range.
Try this:
Disable automatic device switching

edit the file /etc/pulse/default.pa
find the line load-module module-switch-on-port-available
insert a # at the beginning of the line to disable automatic port switching
save file and exit editor
type pulseaudio -k to reload configuration

Source: How to disable pulseaudio automatic device switch?


Problem with Script not working properly when ran from Custom Launcher

Your .desktop file is fine. The problem is in the script; you try to make it run program by the command ./program, but you didn't cd to its directory first.

You can fix it by either insert a line

cd /path_to_program

before

./program

or use the full path:

/path_to_program/program


Assuming the current directory contains all files you wish to rename:

rename 's/^A(\d\d)(\d\d)/A$2$1/' *

Take care: this algorithm cannot swap file names, so if you have files A1122333 and A2211333, then afterwards the second will be gone and the first will still be called A1122333 (having be renamed twice).

The following script fixes that issue:

rename 's/^A(\d\d)(\d\d)/tmp-A$2$1/' *
rename 's/^tmp-//' *


Wubi ubuntu 12.04 install upgrade to full

Yes this seems like it could do the  trick for you. Just make sure to change directory to your 'Downloads' folder before doing the wget command. Otherwise you won't be able to run the script as explained in the walkthrough. To do this type

cd ~/Downloads

after that just follow the steps in the instruction.


mount unknown filesystem type 'lvm2_member'

Not to detract from the accepted answer, but wanted to offer a more complete solution that hasn't failed me yet.

udisksctl unlock -b /dev/sdb5
sudo mkdir /mnt/data
sudo mount /dev/dm-1 /mnt/data

run into mount: unknown filesystem type 'LVM2_member' do the commands below

sudo bash
vgdisplay
vgrename <VG UUID> new_name
modprobe dm-mod
vgchange -ay
lvscan
mount /dev/new_name/root /mnt/data/


Lenovo 3000 N100 WiFi not working even after driver update

in case you are running BCM4311 (to check run lspci --vvnn | grep 14e4)

try this:

(source bkratz (ubuntuforums))

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree
sudo modprobe -r b43 && sudo modprobe b43

works fine for me:)


Ubuntu Software Center not recognising my network connection

You can't ... yet.

Please file a bug for both these issues: it's definitely an issue to not be able to override what NetworkManager tells Software Center, and it's also an issue that NetworkManager can't handle your Mobile Broadband connection.

As a workaround, if you're not using one of your connections, you could add dummy entries to /etc/network/interfaces to trick NetworkManager into thinking you're online. The way to do this:

auto eth0
iface eth0 manual

If you don't need to use your wired connection. Then reboot or restart NetworkManager. Of course this will break it for when you really need to use it :(


You can use the GUI in the time and date preferences to set your timezone and then be sure to run this command in the terminal:

sudo ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com

This will ensure that your machine polls the ubuntu server to get the right time and date for your timezone.

To verify, type

date

in the terminal.


Why is Ubuntu default to allow everyone access to other users folders, Admin or Standard?

According to the security team policy:

  By default, Ubuntu is designed to allow users to easily share files and help each other (see bug 48734). To support this, each user's default home directory is readable by all other users. Private files could be kept in the "Private" sub-directory, where access permissions can be set to limit access by other users (mode 0700). If restrictive home directory permissions are a priority for your system, please investigate the /etc/adduser.conf file for adjusting various settings when creating new users, including the default permission mask for newly created home directories.


"Operation not permitted" while installing linux-headers-4.8.0-45

I can see that you asked this question a long time ago, so it's probably not relevant to you any more, but I did run into this exact issue recently.  Were you by any chance running Sophos Antivirus?  That was preventing me from updating.  I was able to install everything by temporarily disabling Sophos Antivirus with savdctl disable, then I installed what I needed and then re-enabled savdctl enable.


The more fonts to load the longer it takes to start.

I got a 1 time sample from this bug:

  With 405 fonts installed:

  $ time inkscape

  real 0m14.972s  user 0m11.833s  sys  0m0.192s

  With 2148 fonts installed:

  $ time inkscape

  real 0m42.716s  user 0m41.919s  sys  0m0.140s

  I got the number of installed fonts from "fc-list : file".

Mind though we had some progress on it according to this post:

  Comment 47 for bug 488247 ~suv (suv-lp) wrote on 2014-11-07:  #47
  Improved launch times (0.91) based on
  - new icon cache on disk (John A. Cruz)(r9969)
  - font loading speed-up (Liam P. White, Tavmjong Bah)(r13523, r13617)

We use 0.48. Latest is 0.48.5 (found on inkscape website). 0.91 is Inkscape Next Release so you might take a plunge and try the developer versions.

Developer edition can be found here.

Confirmed in chat: 0.91 starts up within a second and the slow start of 0.48 was due to lots of google fonts.

0.91 got released today with a new renderer and 700+ bugfixes. From the link:

  Inkscape 0.91 includes significant performance improvements thanks to a new Cairo-based renderer which is faster on most drawings. Also, the rendering of SVG drawings is now cached, resulting in important responsiveness improvements.

  Furthermore, the latest Inkscape uses OpenMP multithreading for filters (filters use all available processor cores for computation), which provides better performance when editing drawings that include large filtered objects on multi-core systems.

Official release notes.

Installation using the Inkscape PPA stable version:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:inkscape.dev/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install inkscape


Keyboard shortcuts for spatial navigation between open windows (Switch to the window to the left/right/top/bottom of the current one)

Even after some quite extensive googling, I couldn't find anything like this, so I threw together my own solution: Spatial Window Switcher. It is very simple and probably has bugs, but so far fulfills my needs.


After uninstalling bacula the services and files still remain

If you want to disable/remove the bacula services, you can do the following:

  sudo systemctl disable bacula-director bacula-fd bacula-sd

The command above should disable all bacula services of systemd. If it doesn't work, do these commands individually. (Example: sudo systemctl disable bacula-director and then the other services)

  sudo rm -r /etc/bacula

And finally , the command above erases all configuration files for bacula.

If you want to erase more bacula-related files, you can do sudo rm /example/bacula/bacula.conf (for a file) or sudo rm -r /example/bacula (for a folder). If there are configuration files on your home directory you can erase the files without doing the command with sudo.


apt-get upgrade goes to an infinite loop while downloading stuff

Try this in a terminal

sudo apt-get remove --purge oracle-java7-installer

Then add this repo to you software sources

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java && apt-get update

Then reinstall

sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer


Problem with PPA upload. GPG signature: Verification failed 3 times

The problem is solved. After adding my OpenPGP everything is ok.

More details on the discussion https://answers.launchpad.net/launchpad/+question/156588


Is there a software for writing anywhere on the system with a pen/stylus on the touchscreen?

Since this question still comes up in the latest search results I want to let you know that it's possible to do more than one Freehand stroke with Okular.

You just have to double click the annotation icon (for example freehand stroke). This also works for the Highlight and Other Annotation Tools as well.

However, I still could not find out how to use the pen only for annotating and the touch screen for navigation through the document...


Delete image from footer in LibreOffice Writer

You should be able to click in the open space to the left (or right) of the image in order to place the focus on the page footer.  Now click on the image and press delete.  This shouldn't affect the text in the body of the page.  You should be able to edit both the text and the footer.


Can I cut other computer connection from terminal or software?

Yes, indeed you can.

To do this, we use a command line utility (which should be already installed) for network manager called nmcli.

To disconnect

you need to run the following command:

nmcli dev disconnect iface eth0

Note: You need to make sure that the iface value for the connection is eth0, you can do so by taking a look at the status of all the devices:

nmcli dev status

Note that, in this case, eth0 is connected, hence the iface value is eth0.

To connect again

you need to know the uuid of the connection. Run the following command:

nmcli con

and note the uuid of your connection.

Then, to connect to that connection, run

nmcli con up uuid <uuid>

where <uuid> is the uuid you noted from the previous command.


Terminal does not abide by Keyboard Layout (Language) settings

You have XKBLAYOUT="gb" in /etc/default/keyboard, which determines the layout on the login screen and in console. The switch to "us" was only done for the desktop environment for your user.

So if you want "us" everywhere, then edit /etc/default/keyboard. You can either do it manually or by running the command:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration


What is difference between group and user

Users can be either people, meaning accounts tied to physical users, or accounts which exist for specific applications to use.
Groups are logical expressions of organization, tying users together for a common purpose. Users within a group can read, write, or execute files owned by that group.

Each user and group has a unique numerical identification number called a userid (UID) and agroupid (GID) respectively.
A user who creates a file is also the owner and group owner of that file. The file is assigned separate read, write, and execute permissions for the owner, the group, and everyone else. The file owner can be changed only by the root user as well as access permissions can be changed by both the root user and the owner of the file.

Source : http://www.bayt.com/en/specialties/q/110533/what-is-the-difference-between-a-user-group-and-others-in-red-hat-linux-what-is-the-use-of-group-ownership-amp-user-ownership-of-a-file-or-folder/


Why the apt prompts me to enter the full phrase while purging a package?

login package consists of programs such as login,newgrp and su.These programs are also called system login tools.These tools are required to be able to login and use your system.

The login program invokes your user shell and enables command execution.
The newgrp program is used to change your effective group ID (useful for
workgroup type situations).
The su program allows changing your effective
user ID (useful being able to execute commands as another user).

This  is an essential system package.So that the Warning message(This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!) like below appears and asks you to enter the whole phrase Yes, do as I say!, while you trying to purge the package login

This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!
      login
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 303 not upgraded.
After this operation, 1,212 kB disk space will be freed.
You are about to do something potentially harmful.
To continue type in the phrase 'Yes, do as I say!'
?]

  What will happen if i enter Y or Yes?

You have to enter correct phrase Yes, do as I say!, so that the package login will be removed.If you enter Y or Yes, it will abort the process of purging the package.Even the exclamatory mark,spaces,upper and lowercase letters are considered strictly.

Yes  -  Abort
Yes, do as I say  -  Abort
yes, do as I say  -  Abort
Yes, do as I say  -  Abort
Yes,do as I say!  -  Abort
Yes, do as I say! -  Success

After you successfully entered the phrase, dpkg removes the login package with force option enabled,

To continue type in the phrase 'Yes, do as I say!'
 ?] Yes, do as I say!
dpkg: warning: overriding problem because --force enabled:
 This is an essential package - it should not be removed.
(Reading database ... 162860 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing login ...
Purging configuration files for login ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...


How much RAM will my PHP application have access to on a 32bit server?

If you use a PAE-kernel a 32 bit operating systems like yours, can use up to 64 Gb of memory (RAM).


Try holding one of the Easy-Switch white buttons (F1, F2 or F3) until the LED on it rapidly blinks 3 times. Then the keyboard should become visible for Bluetooth pairing.

Logitech K375s Seup Guide


I was having this problem as well. I installed it from the command line by running sudo aptitude safe-upgrade and it installed successfully.


Clean Installation. How to dual boot (Widows10 + Ubuntu 16)? I have none of them installed yet

1. You should install Windows first for an easier install. Windows does not account for other Operating Systems when installed, and while it won't delete the other system, it will overwrite the bootloader. Ubuntu will install grub, which will allow for a dual-boot into whichever system you want at startup time.

2. Depends on what you want to do. If you want to do anything graphics heavy on the Windows system, like gaming, I suggest a dual-boot system. If you just have a few apps like MS-Office that you want to use, you can maybe get away with a virtual machine.

3. From personal experience, I've found that a 30 Gb partition is more than enough for the entire Ubuntu system, including all applications I install, and full graphical environment (even KDE), and a little data. That won't leave a lot of room for user data, though (maybe 10 Gb or so will be left for user data), but that may be fine for you.

4. Related to point 3 above, if you intend to share data between the two systems, it may be worth making a separate partition (NTFS-formatted) for data, so that both operating systems should be able to access the data.

Edit: On point 2 above, I assumed you were asking about putting Windows on the virtual machine, but I have re-read the question and realize you may be asking about either. In the case of Ubuntu, it would be relatively trivial to put Ubuntu on a Virtual Machine with the Windows system as a host. In fact, if this is really your first time using a Linux System, or you are planning on doing a lot of experimentation to get yourself familiar with Linux, I would even recommend it. I remember going the hard route of making Ubuntu my only system when I first started experimenting, and I probably destroyed my system 10 times or more in the first month alone because I had no clue what I was messing with. Always remember to back up your data!


PDF to XML sure thing, but the other way around?

PDFs don't store or use XSLT information - they are a completely different markup language format, which does not have a strong division between formatting and content like XML/XSL.

The reason you haven't found any automatic way to convert from a PDF to an XML/XSL is because that would depend heavily on the specific files and formatting being used, and so it would be nearly impossible to write something generic that actually worked.

Your best bet would be to extract the text content from the PDF files using something like pstotext, then write a custom script to build an XML file from that which matches the original.  This would essentially be a one-off solution, and would be fairly fragile and prone to breakage.

A better solution would be to just archive the PDFs.


Kerbal Space Program in Linux Does not Display Properly

You may be running into KSP bug #7493 or something similar. Try running with -gforce-glcore33.


Samba gives the "net usershare error 255" where I apparently don't own
the drive on my account.

There are 2 ways to handle this particular error:
[1] Replace the owner of the mounted NTFS partition from root to you.
You would do that by adding to the list of options in /etc/fstab for this partition a uid=1000 if that is your uid number. To find out run id
[2] OR, Make it so you can create a samba share from Nautilus for directories you do not own.
Edit /etc/samba/smb.conf and under the workgroup = WORKGROUP line add this one:
usershare owner only = No

Then restart smbd: sudo service smbd restart


I haven't tried installing f.lux yet because it's closed source software. I'm not sure if you are aware but there's an open-source, linux friendly, alternative, which is redshift.

More info here:

Redshift Configuration and use | Ubuntu Community Help Wiki
Redshift | jonls.dk Blog


Can't boot into unity/ubuntu after installing KDE

In accordance to the edit to your question and my comment, I felt like I should upload this answer...

It sounds like your display managers are not configured properly. You can reconfigure LightDM (the default one) by running:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

You will be prompted to select a default DM. In this case, select LightDM.

Reboot (or restart X) and your problem will be solved!


Problem solved!!! Thanks to this answer: How do I upgrade Gnome Files (nautilus) in Ubuntu Gnome 16.04

The problem was, nautilus wasn't updated to 3.18 in Ubuntu Gnome. I have updated it with the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

And yes, it works!!!


Check if your BIOS has an option to boot only in UEFI or Legacy mode. I suspect your windows 10 installation was installed to boot in legacy mode and after the Ubuntu installation it's no longer loading because Ubuntu was installed in UEFI.


It is about the bitrate itself. You can change it by using a transcoding software like WinFF, Transcoder (I can't find the link for now, not to be confused with Arista Transcoder), Mobile Media Converter and even with NLES Software like kdenlive/openshot.

Transcoding will reduce the bitrate if you wish, thus the file size, but preserving the video scale/aspect ratio/size. Anyway, reducing the bitrate may harm quality if you exceed the limits.

Check this out in order to see previous answers to a transcoding question: https://askubuntu.com/a/25532/9598

BTW: You can also change the video and audio bitrates separately if you wish in order to keep sound quality.

Oh! Yes... Good luck!


can any one put command to install kazam screen recorder with webcam

Kazam Screencaster will already detect your Webcam, make sure your Webcam drivers are installed correctly and they're allowed by the 3rd party applications.

If you already have done that and your webcam isn't yet supported by Kazam Screencaster.

Try the following for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (your operating system as I understood from the comments):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kazam-team/unstable-series

NOTICE: If you get "sudo: add-apt-repository: command not found" - you can easily install it using "apt-get" by typing:

apt-get -y install software-properties-common python-software-properties

Now update your sources.list by typing:

apt-get -y update

Now install Kazam and it's required packages:

apt-get -y install kazam python3-cairo python3-xlib


if you are familiar with the command line you can do exact the same thing yourself with a look at this answer: https://askubuntu.com/a/234792/354350
BUT be careful and you should know what you are doing, because some commands use superuser-rights!
...maybe write a little script and everything is done with just one click! ;-)

anyway i would recommend to use BleachBit: it's a good file-cleaner with a GUI and (also in superuser-mode) you can hardly mess up your system.

open your terminal and just type sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y bleachbit, type your password (no characters will be displayed) and wait till executed.


boot failure: Starting cups-browsed - bonjour remote printer browsing daemon

I can't explain how this works, but perhaps you'll find a solution here, which looks similar to this point, with the Bonjour Service:
Stuck starting cups-browsed
BTW: +1 for the 'Screenshot'


How to install Edubuntu from Xubuntu in the terminal

Just install edubuntu-desktop:

sudo apt-get install edubuntu-desktop

As this is a metapackage this will install the desktop environment, and you can select the installed DE from the login screen.


Reinstall Ubuntu Without Losing my Personal Folder

This is easily achievable in Ubuntu simply boot to a live cd and choose something else.

Then in the partition manager find the partition you have Ubuntu on and choose this as you install as normal (mount as /) but MAKE SURE YOU DO NOT FORMAT THE DRIVE by unticking the little box and keep the user name and password the same, or you will not have the permissions for the folder. When you re-install just your system files will be installed and the /home folder untouched.

WARNING - You must set the theme to the default theme and the icons etc as every thing stored in the system folders will be deleted.

NOTE - People (including me) have had no wifi on reinstall, you should Google this first to check any risks.

Good luck..


No sound after upgrading from 20.04 to 20.10 AMD Ryzen 4500

This is what I found and it seems to work for now even after reboot:
sudo vi /etc/pulse/default.pa

Uncomment the lines below:
load-module module-alsa-sink
load-module module-alsa-source device=hw:1,0

This answer was found in the Linux Mint forum.


Right click on touchscreen for Ubuntu 18.04

In touchscreen mode, do a short-tap + touch-and-hold. Just keep touching the screen for 2 or 3 seconds and what is called "right menu" should appear. This is the normal way to emulate a right click on any touchscreen.


Getting files from a Sony ICD-B600 onto Ubuntu 14.04.1?

The simplest thing to do would be to connect the headphone jack of the voice recorder to the line in of your computer, and just record them playing. Example:

arecord recording1.wav

And then hit CTRL-C when it's done playing.  Do that for each one (or just record all of them into one recording) and you're done!


Please type the following in terminal:

sudo apt-get install ibus-m17n


is there any way to prevent grab window to minimize?

Changing window sizes and switching between fullscreen and windowed mode was always troublesome with some applications inside Wine and there's no certain way to prevent that.

Some things you can try:

Look up the application on the Wine application database and look for instructions or hints dealing with that issue. Maybe there's some setting or missing DLL or different Wine version that fixes the issue.
Play around with the display settings of the application.
Play around with Wine's display settings, in particular the "virtual desktop" stuff.


The apps of the PPAs are not visible until you click the reload button.

Then click "Origin" and select the PPA you want.


What to do when Ubuntu 13.10 64-bit does not boot?

I will suppose that your hardware is OK (the power save mode is handled by your screen).
Maybe your GRUB configuration file has been truncated/corrupted; I suggest to directly reinstall Ubuntu from a new media. Follow carefully this procedure:

Download the last version from torrent; if you can't use HTTP (standard download) but after that check the MD5 sum of the file (torrent clients will do a similar operation automatically).
Buy a new DVD and check it's integrity.
From your BIOS option (try F2, F8, CANC ecc. more times at the power on) disable any builtin boot sector protection (like the boot VIRUS protection) and any Interl/AMD fast -startup option (like the "SpeedStep").
Burn and Install Ubuntu without the internet connection support.
Remove the DVD and let it cool down; close the reader/writer device.
Close the reader/writer device and reboot.
Press ENTER on the Ubuntu entry of the GRUB menu. Don't press other keys.

If this procedure doesn't function you can burn a Live Distribution to check your GRUB configuration or use a specific software. I've already talked here about this type of problems with GRUB; the specific software (in the bottom of the post) can be also installed on a Live Distro.
A suggestion: don't throw away your old Linux DVDs, they can always be useful, so conserve them in a safe & dark place.
Let me know with a comment if you solve or not, I'll answer to your questions.


Ubuntu 14.04 Server should block specific websites over OpenVPN

You do it the same way you block websites for users on your company
  network: Run a proxy server and force everyone's web traffic through
  it.

Source: https://serverfault.com/questions/518374/website-filtering-for-openvpn-clients


How to always show top-menu instead of showing on-hover?

Install dconf-editor if not yet installed.

sudo apt update && sudo apt install dconf-editor

Open dconf-editor, search for "always-show-menus" and activate the setting by checking the box.
Note that activating this will always-show-menus for all applications.


Overheating using a i7 Intel processor while using Ubuntu

I've been reading about a lot of issues with CPU overheating in Ubuntu, particularly with Sandybridge processors, with the blame being placed on all sorts from flash to internet explorer(?!).  From my own research and experimenting with different distros, it seems the issue is with the linux kernel.  12.04 was supposed to solve these issues, but the 3.2 kernel in this distro still doesn't seem to play well with sandybrige; I'm using 12.04 with a quad core i7, and while my overheating issues are not as extreme as some I've read about, it does non-the-less overheat, and harnesses nowhere near the full power of my processor.  Kernel 3.4 was supposed to bring, amongst other things, improved sandybridge performance;  I've installed the Ubuntu specific 3.4 kernel, and there is some improvement, but put into the context of what my processor is capable of (and fully achieves in Win7) it's still just not good enough.  Such a shame, I love Linux, and Ubuntu, but if it can't harness new tech, what's the point?


Can't install GRUB 2 to /target when attempting to dual boot

UPDATE: Since my last post, I have successfully installed Ubuntu GNOME beside Windows 10 on my Dell laptop. For my sake, this confirms that there is nothing wrong with the ISO file or my method of creating a LiveUSB using UNetbootin. However, since Windows 10 was apparently installed in UEFI mode on the laptop, this does not help my mission to install it on my personal rig.

To elaborate on my aforementioned issue, when I attempt to boot from USB, I get two options in the BIOS: one that says "Sandisk UEFI" and one that is plain "Sandisk". Now, obviously, I recognize that selecting the UEFI option will boot me in UEFI mode, but since selecting the text-based Legacy mode invariably hangs on me, I see no other recourse (more on this later). In the UEFI installer, I can continue through the installation process by clicking next (though, selecting "Install Third Party Software" in the menus causes it to hang and crash) until I get to the final initialization phase. Here, when it gets to the part wherein it installs GRUB2, I get an error message saying "GRUB installation failed; The 'grub-efi-amd64-signed' package failed to install into /target/. Without the GRUB boot loader, the installed system will not boot.". I can only take this to mean that if I already have an operating system installed in BIOS/Compatibility Support mode, I am unable to install a secondary operating system in UEFI mode. If someone would wish to explain this aspect of the process, I more than welcome it.

Next, when I boot from the plain "Sandisk" option in my boot menu, I am presented with a custom UNetbootin text-based bootloader thing instead of the customary GRUB2 menu. From there, I have all the normal options, and can select "Install Ubuntu" as one of the options. When I do, the installer appears maladjusted to my screen resolution and hangs as soon as I press the first "Continue" button.

If I select any other option than "Install Ubuntu", I get a black screen and my computer hangs. Selecting "Try Ubuntu" invokes this behavior, as well as "Check disk for defects".

I have tried making a LiveUSB of Boot Repair, and I can successfully get a desktop environment and launch the repair tool. Unfortunately, the OS cannot detect my wired Ethernet connection and cannot access the Internet, and so gives me an error message with something along the lines of "Cannot perform operation without Internet connectivity". I am not sure how I can proceed with this avenue and welcome suggestions.

To the poster above me, I thank you for your instructions for rectifying the NVIDIA driver issue, but since I can view a preliminary GUI environment when launching the bootloader, I believe the more pressing issue is first installing the OS and seeing a desktop environment before worrying about installing propriety drivers.

Again, I am still pursue potential solutions. Many sites have suggested I add something before the "quiet splash" in the BIOS bootloader but I have tried these to no avail. If it is indeed a driver issue, I would expect Ubuntu would have better support for popular graphics hardware to insure an easier installation method. If dual booting Ubuntu, one of the most popular distros out there, is this difficult on a desktop PC, I can't say I struggle to see why Linux has failed to gain substantial market share in the desktop space (no hate haha).


How can I configure xubuntu notifications to disappear at mouseover?

Unless you can edit the code, you cannot do this with the current implementation of xfce's notification daemon.


Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter is crashing my Ubuntu 18.04

I had the same problem when setting up a new ubuntu desktop. Basically, it works fine when I don't insert the wifi card (TP Link TL-WN881ND). I insert the card into the first PCIE slot the do every thing above, doesn't work. Then:

switching to the another slot
set my grub GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pci_asmp(or aspm IDRMC)=off"

I have a working wireless after reboot.

Still ubuntu wireless seems quite often disconnects randomly. After that trying to fix the issue by this and turn-off every IPV6 everywhere.


How do you use the ROWNUM fuction (or similar) in LibreOffice Base query?

I now have a solution using Tools > SQL...

I start with the unsorted "Data" table. For me it is just a table with auto-generated "ID" and a column "Name". Here it is

ID Name

0 John

1 Julian

2 Carol

3 Anthony

4 Paul

5 Chris

6 Bob

I then create a new table "Sorted". This just has a single column "Name". I create it in design view and when I save it I do not create a Primary Key.

Then using Tools > SQL... I run these commands

Insert into "Sorted" select "Name" from "Data" order by "Name" Asc;

Alter Table "Sorted" add column "Item" INTEGER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY(START WITH 1) before "Name"

I get this

Item Name

1 Anthony

2 Bob

3 Carol

4 Chris

5 John

6 Julian

7 Paul

which is what I want.

If I add more rows to the "Data" table, and want to recreate the "Sorted" table, I need to run these SQL commands

Delete from "Sorted";

Alter Table "Sorted" drop column "Item";

Insert into "Sorted" select "Name" from "Data" order by "Name" Asc;

Alter Table "Sorted" add column "Item" INTEGER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY(START WITH 1) before "Name"


I can not log into another Linux machine

The syntax is fine, I would recommend to check the password since looks like it is wrong.


Turn on keyboard backlight from command line

You can try the command xset led on in the terminal. Or since they appear to be synced, you could try pressing fn + SL on your working one.

Update:
You can set that you do not need to hold the fn key through the UEFI/BIOS. Here is a video to show you how.


Command runs at ssh login, don't want it to

The user configuration files that are read while initiating an interactive login shell like ssh are:

The user configuration files ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, ~/.profile (any one of them, searched in that order)
The global configuration file /etc/profile

Now the mentioned issues must be in one of these files or in any other file sourced from these files. So we need to search these files and ~/.bashrc needs to be included as in Ubuntu ~/.bashrc is sourced from ~/.profile.

In case of ][ we can do:

grep '\]\[' ~/.bash_profile ~/.bash_login ~/.profile ~/.bashrc /etc/profile 2>/dev/null

On the other hand in case of java we need:

grep 'java' ~/.bash_profile ~/.bash_login ~/.profile ~/.bashrc /etc/profile 2>/dev/null

After finding the problematic lines we need to fix those to make them correct (or remove them if not needed).


One way of achieving the cloning is to use Clonezilla.
One way to fix the corrupt partition tables and MBR code is to use FixParts.
One way to check the health of your drive is to use software from manufacturers website. i.e. Seatools

I have started using Parted Magic live cd for partitioning and rescue cd as it has many useful tools and apps including Clonezilla and FixParts and other tools to check and test the health of hard drives.


Is there any way to make the Ubuntu Dash a 'start-up application'?

By script, I think it is able. Using xdotool, you can simulate keypress event.
Install it by casting : sudo apt-get install xdotool on terminal.

Open Startup Applications
Click 'New' and add xdotool key Super on Command field
Name the startup item and give comment as necessary
Save and try it (I think by relogin is enough)

Super key is default shortcut key to open dash search. Set it to match your setting.


Mysterious NTFS writes long after copying data to it

Flushing the buffers

You can check this behaviour with the command sync, which flushes the buffers and writes to the drive. Bash (the command line interpreter) will return to prompt, when the buffers are flushed. When you unmount or 'eject' the target partition on the USB drive, it will run sync before unmounting.

It is safe to unplug the drive, when all the partitions on the drive are unmounted. Otherwise, if you unplug the drive without unmounting, you will probably corrupt the file system.

Trim alias discard

SSD (solid state drive) uses a special method in order to release unused memory cells to make it possible to spread the wear of the memory cell hardware. In some cases, when the operating system is idle, you will see trim cause action on the drive to be indicated.

See this link, wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Solid_State_Drives

Some expensive USB 3 pendrives have the ability to trim the memory, for example this one.


How to assign MS Windows drive letter to a formatted partition?

No there isnt.  There's no way to assign a Windows drive letter to a partition from Ubuntu.  You'd have to run a Windows installation CD to repair the install of Windows.


Need guidance on extending my root partition

You'll need an Ubuntu Live CD/DVD/USB. Boot with it. Run, in a terminal, sudo gparted. This will open the GParted partition manager. Make sure your main disk is selected in the tab GParted > Devices (it should be /dev/sda). You'll see the swap and Ubuntu's ext4 partitions. Right-click the swap partition and click "resize". Shrink it to the wanted size and click OK. This will leave you with an unallocated space; Now right-click the Ubuntu ext4 partition and you will be able to increase its size. After doing it, click in the green colored "apply" button to apply your changes. That should do it.


Ubuntu and Windows boot trouble with work laptop...HELP

First you must boot into Ubuntu and run

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

and then you need to change your BIOS settings to boot to the internal drive first.  That will put the GRUB bootloader on the internal drive.

On the other hand, you can just use your BIOS boot menu to select the internal drive during bootup.


Are you sure you have the headers installed? Try this:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic

If it installs them, try to reinstall VMware again, it should detect the headers automatically.


19.10 lock screen not working, logout works fine

TLDR; buggy extension, disable one by one and test.

It was caused by a bug in an extension's disable method. Turns out all extensions get disable before system is locked, and prime indicator extension had a difficult time figuring out how to let it go.

Disabling all extension solved the problem, which is basically what happened in the new account. So, I checked them one by one.


Well, restarting fixed it. I guess loging out/in after installing a nvidia driver is not enough to truly unload/reload all the components.


Nvmnd, I figured it out.

It was a mix of arm64 packages messing up my sources. I fixed that using

apt-get purge ".*:<arch>"
dpkg --remove-architecture <arch>

as described here.

This somehow also got rid of all other sources in my sources file so I fixed that using this

Then a sudo apt update and I was set.


Nautilus crashes all desktop folders gone

Sometimes it takes more time to research a problem then to solve it.  I've got 2 dirty tricks up my sleeve to solve it without knowing where the problem came from. If you ever have this problem again, we can still research it then.

If you disagree with this approach, leave a comment below the answer.

Trick 1: It doesn't appear in the guest session, right? So create an additional user, copy (and then delete.  do not move) all your files from the "crashed user" to the new user and delete the "crashed user"

Trick 2: Nautilus is causing the problem, right? Install Nemo File Manager. It's how Nautilus used to be a few years ago, before Nautilus suffered from the "simple is better" syndrome... :-( Lots of options, keeps the views you define, built-in terminal, ... Overall a better file manager.


You need root level permission to execute this command.

Try

sudo service network-manager restart

And then type your password when requested.


Encrypting an extra partition with ecryptfs?

Probably the simplest way to do this is to use an "Encrypted Private" directory. This will make ~/Private encrypted, and you can move trees into there and symlink to them (for firefox, etc). It is very easy to set up:

sudo apt-get install ecryptfs-utils
ecryptfs-setup-private

Now just log out of your session and back in, and you'll have an encrypted ~/Private directory automounted. You can move things into it like this:

cd ~
mv .mozilla Private/
ln -s Private/.mozilla .

For more details, see "man ecryptfs-setup-private", or read the manpage online


General Input Output Error while using Google Drive

Install LibreOffice from their official site and Online storage facility will work. This is not working for the repository installs and upgrades. Installation through their site i.e. downloading and installing from deb, rpm or the preferable format.


How to calibrate screen color in Ubuntu BY EYE (as in, without additional hardware)

You can try RedShift

It's not a color calibration tool but,

  Redshift adjusts the color temperature of your screen according to your surroundings.


VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER error with Vulkan on ATI Sapphire 7870 running (X)Ubuntu 18.04

This solution may be outdated. It seems that only mesa-vulkan-driver and sudo apt dist-upgrade is needed to make vulkan API work. - Updated 10/07/2018

I found the solution before i posted this answer this is repost recommended by @ElderGeek on forum. (•̀ᴗ•́)و

Vulkan installation on AMD Radeon 7870 running Ubuntu 18.04 (possible other debian-based distros)

NOTE: I wasn't able to reproduce it on Debian 9.4.

WARNING: Grab a backup since systemd (or its alternatives) won't be able to boot with error something like: ERR: Install
 firmware-amd-graphics package.

WARNING_EDIT: It seems that package firmware-amd-graphics is now installd by default on Ubuntu 18.04. I noticed the change at 10/07/2018.

Run this command to update your system

sudo apt-get update -y && sudo apt-get upgrade -y

Install Mesa Vulkan Drivers:

sudo apt-get install mesa-vulkan-drivers vulkan-utils

Modify kernel parameters in /etc/default/grub as:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash radeon.si_support=0 amdgpu.si_support=1 modprobe.blacklist=radeon"

This should fix VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER.
To switch on amdgpu driver. (radeon's not working with this GPU.)
Run these commands:

sudo update-grub To update grub based on info in /etc/default/grub .
sudo shutdown -r now To restart your device.
lspci -k | grep "Kernel driver in use:" To verify that it's loaded correctly, output should be: "Kernel driver in use: amdgpu".

Should show up in vulkaninfo without problems.

In case it doesn't work

Add nor modify /etc/X11/xorg.conf AND /etc/X11/20-amdgpu.conf with the following content (reboot after this modifications):

Section "Device"
    Identifier "AMD"
    Driver "amdgpu"
    Option "TearFree" "true"
EndSection

Option "TearFree" "true" should fix problem with screen thearing.

Verify that amdgpu is loaded by loading GRUB and pressing E.
sudo usermod -a -G video $LOGNAME

Should fix "VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED".
Seems like magic, but it's recommended by AMD.

sudo apt-get install hexchat > join #radeon and ask for help.

Feel free to share your experience I'm willing to update this post. (☞ﾟヮﾟ)☞


How often should I update using apt-get update?

I'll try to put this in layman's terms.

In Ubuntu, "software" is stored in repositories. Repositories are basically machines that contain an archive of all the software that you can install in Ubuntu.

apt-get update is a command that tells Ubuntu to "go and update your software index". So Ubuntu goes and asks each one of the repositories "what software do you have? And what version is it?" Your Ubuntu keeps a list of all of the available software and their versions.

Then, apt (which is the brains behind all of this) compares the version of the software that you have with the version of the software in the repositories. For example, let's say you have Skype version 3 installed, but when Ubuntu went and asked the repositories (apt-get update), it found out that they have version 4 available, so now, apt knows that Skype needs to be upgraded.

apt-get upgrade is the command that actually tells Ubuntu "okay, go and get Skype version 4, and install it". Obviously, this command doesn't only upgrade Skype, it upgrades everything else that needs to be upgraded. So apt-get upgrade is the command that upgrades your software.

So now, to answer your questions:

  What exactly is updated?

apt-get update updates its index of packages that are available in the repositories. So technically, this command doesn't really "update" (or "upgrade") any software. The command to do that is apt-get upgrade.

  How often should I update it?

I don't think there's a definitive answer here, but Ubuntu takes care of that for you. By default, Ubuntu is pre-configured to run the command apt-get update every now and then. That is why, if you leave Ubuntu for a while without updating or upgrading it, you'll see a box like this:

It ran apt-get update in the background, and it identified that there is software that needs to be upgraded. All you need to do is hit Install Now, and Ubuntu should start downloading and installing. Clicking Install Now is just the equivalent of doing apt-get upgrade.


It seems to be working now. Here's what I did though not sure what caused it to work:

I flashed the BIOS from v204 (was default this from factory) to the latest 214 here. The bootup splash image is set to static.

Did not do this myself but the current kernel is 3.5.0-21-generic


Firstly you could try the proprietary nvidia drivers and see if the system corrects itself.
I highly recommend to try this first, except of course if you got beef with non open source software running on your install.

Anyway, if you still want the nouvau drivers (hoping i spelled that right :P) or the nvidia drivers fail to fix your problem you can forcibly add your resolution (never ever mess around with the Xorg.conf files - seriously it can hang your system) with xrandr

cvt 1920 1080

this will tell you what option/arguments you should use for the next command
ie:cvt 1024 600
output:# 1024x600 59.85 Hz (CVT) hsync: 37.35 kHz; pclk: 49.00 MHz
Modeline "1024x600_60.00"   49.00  1024 1072 1168 1312  600 603 613 624 -hsync +vsync

so for the next command you should copy everything for the 'Modeline' and after:

xrandr --newmode "1024x600_60.00"   49.00  1024 1072 1168 1312  600 603 613 624 -hsync +vsync

then you must add the new resolution to your output (run xrandr to find your output name ie:VGA1)

xrandr --addmode VGA1 1024x600_60.00

finally to change to your newly added resolution run: xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1024x600_60.00

PS: some or all the commands listed may require admin rights (super-cow) so before all that just run sudo su to log as root

source (and more detail):https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/xrandr#Adding_undetected_resolutions


Possible to customize Terminal context (right-click) menu?

First things first: I don't know if it is per-user configurable.

But a workaround is possible thanks to the easy to edit XML files, which describe the user interface. On Ubuntu 12.10, in the file /usr/share/gnome-terminal/terminal.xml simply move the line <menuitem action="PopupCopy" /> to the top below <popup name="Popup" action="Popup">. Or to be semantically consistent:

diff --git a/terminal.xml b/terminal.xml
index 3c9cbed..f7b7757 100644
--- a/terminal.xml
+++ b/terminal.xml
@@ -78,6 +78,10 @@
   </menubar>

   <popup name="Popup" action="Popup">
+    <menuitem action="PopupCopy" />
+    <menuitem action="PopupPaste" />
+    <menuitem action="PopupPasteURIPaths" />
+    <separator />
     <menuitem action="PopupSendEmail" />
     <menuitem action="PopupCopyEmailAddress" />
     <menuitem action="PopupCall" />
@@ -91,10 +95,6 @@
     <menuitem action="PopupCloseTab" />
     <menuitem action="PopupCloseWindow" />
     <separator />
-    <menuitem action="PopupCopy" />
-    <menuitem action="PopupPaste" />
-    <menuitem action="PopupPasteURIPaths" />
-    <separator />
     <menu action="PopupTerminalProfiles">
         <placeholder name="ProfilesPH" />
         <separator />


Drag and Drop across (fullscreen) applications, switching via Alt-Tab

The way I found it working:

Start dragging,
Keeping your mouse button pressed, press Super + (0-9) to switch the application,
Continue dragging and drop.

Note: In step 2 you can hold the Super key for a moment, the launcher will appear and will display you which number (0-9) is assigned to which application.


How to properly orient the cursor for typing in Arabic?

Your software is considering the space character to be ltr and text rtl. In this situation the jumping cursor behavior is correct, at least according these bidi guidelines (section 24 which is ... educational). Thus, you need to instruct your software to insert the space at the correct bidi level.

For OpenOffice.org I found these instructions to work, even though they are quite old. In short, go to Tools > Options, select Language Settings > Languages and in Enhanced language support turn on Enabled for complex text layout (CTL). Now you should see the LTR and RTL paragraph icons on the toolbar (to the right of the text justification icons), choose the one that works for your text.

Other software might not have this setting available (I couldn't find anything for firefox). The trick mentioned in the previous link should work (adding the non-visible RLM character U+200F), but this is probably too cumbersome in practice.


I have the same problem.

The best workaround I have found (to save downgrading) is to just install Timidity++ and then associate one of the interfaces (I use the GTK+ one) with MIDI files.
It is not the best solution for instance if you have any midi files in your Totem playlists you will still get silence, and also means that you have to have two music players, but it lets me play all my MIDI files.

I'll post back if I find a better solution.


How do I properly install and configure AMDGPU-PRO 17.10 driver?

Okay, I found solution: just downgraded kernel from 4.8.0 to 4.4.10 and it works!


Free space is not being shown while dual booting with windows 10

After installing windows and freeing up space for Ubuntu, I proceeded to installing ubuntu alongside Windows. But, as I mentioned in the question, it was not showing the free space. When I checked the drive using GParted, I was prompted with the following message.

  /dev/sda contains GPT signatures indicating that it has a GPT table. However, it has a fake msdos partition table as it should. Perhaps it was corrupted? Is this a GPT partition table?

Once I sorted out that issue, I could be able to find the unallocated space and installed Ubuntu.

I am putting the solution as it is in this link.

  I am answering because the answers here are inadequate. I don't want
  future viewers of this question to destroy their windows partitions
  just to install Ubuntu.

  To fix your problem, follow these steps:

  Boot the emergency disk (Ubuntu or other linux Live CD) and open a
  text-mode shell.
  Type sudo gdisk /dev/sda (change /dev/sda to whatever
  is appropriate to access your hard disk, if necessary). The program is
  likely to complain that it's found both MBR and GPT data, and will ask
  which to use. It doesn't matter which you tell it to use.
  At the
  Command prompt, type x to enter the experts' menu. At the Expert
  command prompt, type z to zap (destroy) the GPT data.
  Type y in
  response to the confirmation about destroying the GPT.
  Type n in
  response to the query about blanking the MBR. Caution: If you answer y
  here, you'll destroy your Windows partition(s)!

check this image.


You can try from these 4 methods, this all methods will not affect your personal data on computer.

Go to advance in grub menu and try to run from different kernel available.

This happens when system files got corrupted or deleted. You can also use the bootable USB drive to repair your system that will be better.

You can also retrieve all your data from your system using the bootable USB drive.

There is one another way you can try:
on grub menu press e to edit the start script and edit the line starting with linux where you have to change ro to rw (also remove everything after ro on that line.) and have to append init=/bin/bash at the end of line (this will open a terminal for you before starting) now press Ctrl+X or F10 to boot.
Now, run update and upgrade command from there and after upgrade run sync command and then restart your system. This can also repair your system.

Whatever you changed in method 4 will get removed on reboot or next boot so don't worry about it.


Realtek ALC888 Sound Card doesn't work after Ubuntu 13.04

Thanks for your answer.

I'll try this solution next time (hope not).

Few days ago i followed the Sound Troubleshooting Guide below
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshootingProcedure

and the sound worked when i run

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-audio-dev/ppa; sudo apt-get update;sudo apt-get dist-upgrade; sudo apt-get install pavucontrol linux-sound-base alsa-base alsa-utils gdm ubuntu-desktop  linux-image-`uname -r` libasound2; sudo apt-get -y --reinstall install linux-sound-base alsa-base alsa-utils gdm ubuntu-desktop  linux-image-`uname -r` libasound2; killall pulseaudio; rm -r ~/.pulse*; sudo usermod -aG `cat /etc/group | grep -e '^pulse:' -e '^audio:' -e '^pulse-access:' -e '^pulse-rt:' -e '^video:' | awk -F: '{print $1}' | tr '\n' ',' | sed 's:,$::g'` `whoami`

and restart the machine.

Thanks again!


Unable to type in Greek using iBus but can type Japaneese and English as well

Well you need to do a bit of massaging but it is plausible. First of all you need to do the following steps:

Set the Greek Language into default system language via xkb.
Let iBus somehow to "synchronize" with xkb.
Make Anthy to use the English layout as the base layout.

The only issue is that 2 language indicators are shown, please get the information about the current input method via the iBus one.

For the step 1 replace the /etc/default/keyboard with the following:

# KEYBOARD CONFIGURATION FILE

# Consult the keyboard(5) manual page.
XKBLAYOUT="us,gr"
XKBVARIANT=","
BACKSPACE="guess"
XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBOPTIONS="grp_led:scroll"

Then on step 2 deselect the following on ibus-setup (aka IBus Preferences):

Then for the step 3 shows on ibus-setup Select the following tab and click as the steps the following screenshot shows:

Then set the us keyboard variant as the default one as the following screenshot shows:

Now you can type either in Greek, Japaneese and English. The language change is handled via iBus thus in order to change the language change keystroke (for example setting the Alt+Shift as language change keystroke) follow these steps:


Here you can find how to unlock openldap password

  Set pwdLockoutDuration attribute to some amount; the value is in seconds. I think that by default it is 0 (infinite).
  Unlock the account manually without need for resetting the password by removing the operational attribute pwdAccountLockedTime.


Ubuntu 12.04 GUI does not start on boot, hangs on purple loading screen with Ubuntu logo and five dots

The Boot-Repair log indicates that your system partition (sda1) is still 98% full. I recommend you make at least 10GB free space. (eg , you can transfer some documents/videos/images to a USB disk or else).
Then, if still not good, you may have a broken/missing system file. You can fix them this way: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuReinstallation


Getting Permission denied when trying to setup rTorrent with lighttpd

Correct answer

To solve the problem just add this to your rtorrent.rc:

schedule = scgi_permission,0,0,"execute.nothrow=chmod,\"g+w,o=\",/home/user/rtorrent/rpc.socket"

Old answer with history

rTorrent is weird.. After start it changes the access rights of socket file, making it unaccessible for lighttpd.

I am experiencing the same problem, and currently I just run

chmod 777 /home/vinz243/torrent/rpc.socket

every time, after rtorrent starts, but I think, chmod 777 is not a better solution.

There is github-issue : https://github.com/rakshasa/rtorrent/issues/394

Hope, it could be helpful for you.

UPD : seems, like it is a typical problem of the bare rtorrent-instalation.

To solve the problem just add this to your rtorrent.rc:

schedule = scgi_permission,0,0,"execute.nothrow=chmod,\"g+w,o=\",/home/user/rtorrent/rpc.socket"


Failed to start OpenVPN connection to server. But I had removed OpenVPN

You have uninstalled openvpn but systemd file is not removed.
You can remove it by following below instructions.
sudo systemctl status openvpn@server.service

It will show status as failed and also print systemd script location starting like
/etc/systemd/system/ or /run/systemd/system/ or /lib/systemd/system/.
Remove openvpn systemd file. Use path according to openvpn systemd script path in your system.
sudo rm -f /etc/systemd/system/openvpn@server.service


The notebook has an headphone amplifier that is not initialized by the firmware after suspend, only on cold start.

More information: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-driver/+bug/1313904

Solution: Install https://github.com/Unrud/init-headphone-ubuntu/releases


How Do You Disable Desktop Icons That Were Placed By 21.04?

Right click on desktop. A context menu will appear.  At the bottom of the context menu click on settings. A settings popup will appear. The top half is for enabling/disabling. positioning, and sizing the desktop icons.


If I make an HTML5 app with the Ubuntu SDK, will it work on Android?

Don't know about Ubuntu SDK, but there is an open source framework named phonegap that is exactly what you need. You can develop cross-platform app with solely html5, javascript and css.


By default, you must have X11 libraries installed. See: Installation notes. Otherwise check how to use Headless Mode in the Java SE Platform.

I think the best is to install X virtual framebuffer, which can performs all graphical operations in virtual memory without showing any screen output.

You can install it by:

sudo apt-get install Xvfb

Then run by:

Xvfb :0 -screen 0 1024x768x16 &

Then to specify which display to use, you need to export DISPLAY, e.g.

export DISPLAY=:0.0 # Select screen 0.

Then you can run plantuml to use that display.


Your /etc/apt/sources.list is broken... I suggest that you find sources for your country and paste original lines in that file. In your case you can also comment out the lines which you think are causing the problem in sources.list.

Those lines you posted are from ppa repos and it seems like the server is offline from which you are pulling the packages.


Run Bash Script in Client from Local Server?

You can use:

bash -c "$(curl -kL http://serverip/script.sh)"

This will run the script on the local machine. See also man bash to understand why I used -c option. Also double quotes are very important in this case.

Also, as @terdon said in his comment, sudo curl is pointless. If If the script needs local sudo permissions, you need to use sudo in front of bash command.


Command not found when sshing into Ubuntu for amazon instance

Is ssh installed?

sudo apt-get install openssh-client

It is saying that you do not have ssh.

UPDATE:

If on cygwin (look here):

cd /to/where/cygwin/is
setup-x86.exe -q -P openssh

Or if its 64bit:

cd C:\Cygwin
setup-x86_64.exe -q -P openssh

You may have to run it as administrator or try reinstalling cygwin and make sure the little ssh box is checked.


Extra dash insertion when trying to run tar

I suspect there's an alias or function mangling your tar.

Post the output of alias | grep tar and set | grep -E "function tar|tar \(\)"

(I know I should leave a comment, but I don't have enough rep-point for commenting, yet)

Edit: Also, post the output of which tar please.


The BitTorrent protocol is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol used for distributing large amounts of data. The big file is broken down into smaller parts and it automatically fetches parts from multiple hosts at once. It also shares the parts you've already downloaded with others, so that everybody shares and benefits.

The technology itself is perfectly legal, but it has been debated if its implementation in connection with copyrighted material or otherwise illegal material makes the issuer of the bittorrent file, as opposed to the copyrighted material itself, liable as an accomplice or infringer.

It is a good way to download Ubuntu iso releases, especially when the regular release sites are slow, since it actually gets faster when there are lots of users downloading and sharing at once.

Here is how you can use BitTorrent in Ubuntu, starting in 10.04 (the instructions might change slightly in each release, but the basic idea is the same).

For this example, I'll be using the Ubuntu 11.04 Desktop ISO - but anything that has a .torrent extension will work following these instructions.

Open up a Web Browser (For more on what Web browsers are available for Ubuntu, take a look at this question,

Then, you'll need to download your .torrent file and save it to disk.

If this is your first time running Transmission (the default BitTorrent client in Ubuntu) then you'll be confronted with the following box - think long and hard if you agree to it

Then you'll need to click the "Open" button and navigate to your .torrent

Sit back and relax while the torrent downloads.

After the download completes, it is often considered good etiquette to continue to seed the file until you reach a 1.00 ratio. Please be aware that if you have a monthly quota many ISPs count uploads against your total bandwidth.


How to create a WWW website using Apache

You need to setup Apache properly and the server should be visible over local lan IP address, setup apache, allow incomming connection on server firewall for ports 80 and 443
You will need a public IP address from your internet service provider (ask your ISP about the costs)
You will need an unlimited data plan from your ISP (again ask your ISP about price)
After this you will need to buy and setup a domain name - there are various providers - in the setup you will define your IP address from step 2.
You will need to forward ports 80 (http) and 443 (https) to your internal web server on your router.

5.1 In order to setup https - port 443 you will need to obtain a certificate and install it on Apache.

Optional step: you will need to setup local DNS for resolving the local web server requests from the lan to your local server IP address

Steps 1-5 make your website to work for outside world, step 6 makes it possible for the internal lan where the server is.


If I compile Firefox instead of binary install it will work faster?

As a Gentoo user I can say for sure: it depends.

If you disable some heavy options your application will work faster.
If you enable some risky optimizations and they work - your application will work faster.
If you use upstream defaults, your application will work slower.
If you misconfigure anything, application will be slow and unstable.

Generally, there is no noticable improvement that can be achieved by simple recompilation of the app. The only difference are heavy CPU-bound applications like video encoders. They perform slightly better with every new CPU technology and every new compiler.


I'm glad you ask that question. Please, take a look at PAC Manager, a Perl/Gtk app that pretends to be Ubuntu/General Linux SecureCRT equivalent, but with much more options!

FEATURES (by now):

Simple GUI to manage/launch connections to remote machines.
Configurable [Pre|Post]-connection local commands execution.
Configurable list of macros (commands) to send to connected client.
Configurable list of macros (commands) to execute locally when connected.
Configurable list of conditional executions on connected machine via 'Expect':
   . forget about SSH certificates
   . chain multiple ssh connections
   . automate tunnels creation
   . etc
Ability to connect to machines through a Proxy server!
CLUSTER connections.
TABBED/WINDOWED terminals
Wake On LAN capabilities
Local and Global variables, eg.: write down a password once, use it ANY where, centralizing its modification for faster changes! use them for:
   . password vault
   . reusing connection strings
   . etc
Seamless Gnome/Gtk integration.
Tray icon for 'right button' quick launching of managed connections.
Written in Perl/Gtk (wait, is that a feature? Well, it is for me! ;=)
DEB, RPM & .TAR.GZ packages available!!
It is FREE (as in freedom)!! and licensed under GNU GPLv3.

The following packages are required prior to installation of PAC:

libgnome2-gconf-perl
libexpect-perl
libnet-proxy-perl
libcrypt-cbc-perl
libcrypt-blowfish-perl
libgtk2-gladexml-perl
libgtk2-ex-simple-list-perl
libnet-arp-perl
libossp-uuid-perl
libcrypt-rijndael-perl
libgtk2-uniqu

http://sourceforge.net/projects/pacmanager/


Ubuntu 18.04, Unable to change screen resolution with NVIDIA graphic card

Apparently I need just a little more work to figure it out.

To add NVIDIA drivers repository I did:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update

But I could not understand how to choose the driver I needed.
I started by finding out what driver I needed from NVIDIA's website here: https://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us

Then I opened Ubuntu's Software & Updates, went to the tab named 'Additional drivers' and allows a couple of minutes for it to fetch the relevant drivers.
Then its just a matter of selecting the right driver, selecting 'Apply changes' and rebooting the system.


Upgrading Kernel, but being able to safely downgrade

You can install mainline kernels from Ubuntu kernel PPA.

You can install as many as you like. The system will boot with the latest one by default, but you can select any kernel in grub menu.

To revert to the standard Ubuntu kernel, boot with it and remove all mainline kernels using e.g. synaptic.


For Thinkpad W510 Brightness does not work

From this wiki page http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Category:W510

Append the following in Device section to your xorg.conf and restart X.

Option "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"

The page has additional tips on the w510


By convention, only files ending in .conf in /etc/rsyslog.d are looked at by rsyslogd. The default /etc/rsyslogd.conf file contains this:

#
# Include all config files in /etc/rsyslog.d/
#
$IncludeConfig /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf

The recommendation is to change the file name from /etc/rsyslog.d/iptables.log to /etc/rsyslog.d/iptables.conf. However, consider to further follow convention and include a load order prefix similar to the other files in that directory. i.e. /etc/rsyslog.d/90-iptables.conf

Note: I tested /etc/rsyslog.d/iptables.conf, and it works fine.


Why 12.04 Fails to install grub-efi to /target/?

This error was solved for me by making sure there was an internet connection available to the installer.

When I chose not to connect I got this error.


The simplest way to do this is open a terminal and type:

sudo apt-get --purge remove postgresql

This will remove the postgresql package. There may be chances that additional packages are also installed so you can search them by typing:

dpkg -l | grep postgres

and purge all those packages by sudo apt-get --purge remove {package name}.


Blank Screen and Windows being "pasted?" after unity login

I had this same problem. Did you disabled the "Show desktop icons" for nautilus with ubuntu-tweak or unity-tweak-tool or some other tweaking application? I so, re-enable it. Then kill nautilus and restart it (or simply log-out and log in).

It seems to be a problem with nvidia cards, for some reason if nautilus is not handling the desktop drawing, the image doesn't get refreshed.


dual monitors and unity - ati radeon cards

I've had this problem in the past.

What I end up doing is logging in via Unity 2D, and then opening up the AMD Catalyst configuration tool and re-configuring my dual monitors. I then reboot and its fine with Unity 3D.


It turns out that this had nothing to do with my installation of amdgpu-pro. Very stupic mistake -- my card was not fully powered. I had the 8-pin plug connected to my PSU, but not the additional 6-pin plug that comes with these cards.

P.S. the secret for me for getting amdgpu-pro driver installed properly was using amdgpu-pro 16.60 (no longer available directly from amd for some reason, but you can find it), ubuntu 16.04.01, and installing with ./amdgpu-pro-install --px --compute and then sudo usermod -a -G video <user>, followed by a full reinstall of xorg and "xserver-*"

hope that helps a newb like me...


Installing google chrome broke my Amazon Instant Video Player

I can't offer a direct solution to your problem, but I hope this background information clarifies what's going on.

In September, 2015 Chrome plans to drop support entirely for NPAPI plugins, such as Amazon Video. NPAPI (the "N" stands for "Netscape") is an ancient standard that exposes sensitive browser structures and has been the source of many browser vulnerabilities.

NPAPI support is disabled by default in Chrome  since April, 2015 (version 42). However, as a temporary workaround you can enable a flag. Here's how:

Go to chrome://flags/#enable-npapi
Choose Enable.
At the bottom left of your screen, click Relaunch Now.

You can use this flag to run NPAPI plugins until Chrome version 45

Netflix got with the program and implemented a new method of streaming that doesn't depend on NPAPI. On the other hand, Amazon is telling its (gullible?) customers to switch to a browser that supports NPAPI, without explaining the inherent risks.

You should still be able to view Amazon video under Chrome by using Flash. However, Flash supports only SD, not HD, streams. And, you should be able to view Netflix. If so, Chrome is doing all it can currently do. If either of these tests fails, there may be value in fiddling with your Chrome configuration.


In short - you just should run the sync command by the unprivileged user:

$ sudo sync

as root:

# sync

for longer answer visit the other stack.


How can I make my prompt show the current directory and the previous directory

Replace the first \W with ${OLDPWD/\/home\/$USER/\~}:

PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;36m\]${OLDPWD/\/home\/$USER/\~}:\[\033[01;34m\]\W \[\033[00m\]\$ '

~$ cd tmp
~/tmp$ PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;36m\]${OLDPWD/\/home\/user/\~}:\[\033[01;34m\]\W \[\033[00m\]\$ '
user:~:tmp $

${OLDPWD/\/home\/$USER/\~} is a parameter expansion which replaces a potential expansion of /home/$USER at the start of $OLDPWD with ~, in order to print ~ instead of the user's home directory's full path (miming the behavior of the default prompt).

If that's undesired, replace \W with just $OLDPWD:

PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;36m\]$OLDPWD:\[\033[01;34m\]\W \[\033[00m\]\$ '

~$ cd tmp
~/tmp$ PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;36m\]$OLDPWD:\[\033[01;34m\]\W \[\033[00m\]\$ '
user:/home/user:tmp $


extundelete will scan inodes looking for references to files that can be recovered.
since ubuntu was reinstalled there will be a lot of them besides your data,
and limiting search to /home may not find your data.


awus306nhr won't connect on dell inspiron with ubuntu 14.04

I suggest you update the driver to the even newer rtlwif-new. From a terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rtlwifi-new-dkms linux-firmware

Reboot and let us hear your report.

Please check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit.

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Next, I'd set IPv6 to Ignore in Network Manager: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/18/html/Installation_Guide/images/netconfig/network-connections-ipv6-ignore.png  This example is for ethernet, but you want wireless.


As I explain in the update, disabling and enabling again the Wifi Adapter from the OS has made the problem disappear.

Give it a try if you face a similar issue!


Why doesn't chmod work on a file under /media?

Easiest would be to copy the executable to your home folder and start it from there.

But…

It seems your executable is mounted on an external partition. Make sure the partition is not mounted with noexec. Try:

grep '/media/D-DEVELOPME' /etc/mtab | grep noexec

If you see a line containing the word "noexec", try re-mounting the partition without the noexec flag:

mount -o remount,exec /media/D-DEVELOPME

Also make sure your media actually allows you to change the permissions, e.g. you cannot do that on a mounted CD or an SD crad with the read-only switch on.


That's your problem portfast is not kicking in.  Desg LIS 19 128.32 P2p port doesn't forward packets in the Listening state for 15sec, after which it'll go to LRN learning state for another 15sec before finally going into FWD forwarding state. Are you not running RSTP? In any case looks like it's a Cisco question and not Ubuntu


I suggest using the driver found at and following the steps found here.

Clones the github repository under /usr/src and uses dkms to install the driver.

Steps to be performed as a superuser. Prepend each line with sudo if required.

Install git, if you don't have it already
    sudo apt-get -y install git

Switch into /usr/src
    cd /usr/src

Clone the repository
    git clone https://github.com/chrisnew/rts_pstor.git rts_pstor-1.11

Compile and install through dkms
    dkms install rts_pstor/1.11

Load the module
    sudo modprobe rts_pstor

Done (no reboot required)

This worked for me on an Acer Aspire One D257 running Ubuntu 16.04.

lspci output:

Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS5209 PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01)

dmesg output after driver install with card inserted:

[  744.395191] Initializing Realtek PCIE storage driver...
[  903.017115] mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 1234
[  903.052409] mmcblk0: mmc0:1234 SA16G 14.6 GiB
[  903.054433] mmcblk0: p1


I solved this by disabling fast boot on Windows. It looks like the issue did not have to do with the filesystem or partition at all.


Why am I seeing home in 2 different partitions

That is root's home folder.
By default, root login is disabled in Ubuntu.
So mounting  a partition for /root is unnecessary, as it will not be used; except for root's trash.


How to cleanup themes/icons that I messed up

You can reinstall a package by opening a terminal (Alt+Control+T) and using

sudo apt-get install --reinstall nameofpackage

(replacing nameofpackage with your package's name).

If you prefer a GUI for advanced package management, do yourself a favor and ditch the Software Center -- use a proper package manager such as Synaptic or Muon that allows you to reinstall packages, or you can use the ncurses-based Aptitude on the command line.


Ubuntu 13.10 Press S To Skip Mount Or M For Manual Recovery corrupted fstab can't modify

Remount the filesystem read/write, either using the option on the menu, or by running mount -o remount,rw /


Authentication error when trying to install or uninstall using Ubuntu Software Center (14.04)

I was faced with the same problem and the following solution fixed my case:

check whether you have  policykit-1-gnome installed. (I only had policykit-1 installed before). If not, install it using apt-get.
run /usr/lib/policykit-1-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1. Now try to start software center from launcher and software should be able to be installed successfully.
add /usr/lib/policykit-1-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1 to your startup applications. press super key and search "startup applications" in all programs. Open it and click "add" to add this command line.

Good luck.


CM106 USB Audio Device v0d8c p0102 has no control for headphone

The CM106 hardware has no separate headphones volume control.


Transfer data from Virtual Box to hard disk

sometimes it is not able to use

netuse X:\\VBOXSVER\Folder

to find out the shared folder,

but if you first set the usb folder shared in virtualbox interface, then you should be able to find it out at windows 7 by windows expleror->Network->VBXSVR->(the shared folder), then you can map it as one of guest drivers.


I have a microsoft wireless mouse. Can I somehow see the battery status?

There is no direct battery status viewer. Just with the help of Voltmeter.


No job and no customer is worth running PHP 4 unless they pay you a huge amount of money as running PHP 4 imposes a great security risk and in that case you won't be asking here.

Isolate PHP 4 installation as much as you can and put it in the separate segment of the network preferably behind some web proxy where you can sanitize the requests coming from network for a common vulnerabilities (nginx, varnish, etc.).

You should also make sure that the running PHP code has as few permissions as possible.  Have different user for owner of the .php files and different web users and tighten the write permissions as much as possible, making sure that the files in the writeable locations cannot be executed (either by shell or with PHP).

The machine running PHP 4 will be successfully attacked or it already has been if it's not firewalled from general public.

I am sorry to say, but nobody in their right mind will provide PHP 4 packages as PHP 4 has been EOLed 7 years, 8 months ago: https://secure.php.net/eol.php, so I am afraid running from sources is your only option.

So if you are asking what you can do, I would definitely recommend you finding a better job where they will not force you run outdated software :).


Using Ubuntu Server/ Communicating with Ubuntu Server - Is This Possible? (General Practice Question)

The simple answer is "yes".  The complicated answer is "as long as the server is set up correctly".  Basically, install the Ubuntu Server version you want and set it up.  Without knowing your specific home network configuration, it is hard to give you specific details of how to sign in to the server.  However, I can attempt to give you same basic details.

1) Install the server

Fairly self-explanatory here.  Install it, create the user accounts you need (I suggest having separate user accounts for the home user and the remote user).

2) Set up your laptop.

Install whatever flavor of Ubuntu you want on the laptop.  The most current LTS is 14.04.  If you have older hardware, you may consider using 12.04 LTS.

3) Set up your network

I am going to make some assumptions here.  You have a modem that is hooked up to a router (or a combined modem/router) for your home network.  You will need to forward the ports for SSH. The standard is 22, but I suggest you change that.  Open a terminal and do this:

su                          #you will need to enter
                            #your root password after this command
nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config   #you could also use vi

You should see something similar to this:

# Package generated configuration file
# See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details

# What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
Port 22               #<- change this line to some other port (such as 6022)
# Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to

Then restart the service:

service ssh restart

Remember that port.  You will need it.

4) Let's attempt to log in.

On your laptop, make sure you are connected to the internet and issue this command from a terminal:

ssh -p [port_number_you_entered_in_step_3] [ip_address_of_server] -l [username]

Without the brackets, of course.  If you set it up correctly, you should be able to log in to the server.  Once you are outside of your network, you can do the same thing, but you will need to change the ip address to your public IP address (which you can find by typing "what is my ip address" into a Google search from your home compuyter).

That should cover the basics.  Past that, you should ask any further questions over @ https://serverfault.com/.


I'm trying to install postgresql on 12.04, and it's just not working

OK, I purged it, as well as the "common" package, and it's better now.

Seems like it'd be kind-of nice if it wouldn't get hosed like that.

edit that is:

apt-get purge postgresql postgresql-common postgresql-9.1 postgresql-contrib-9.1
apt-get -f install
apt-get autoremove
apt-get install postgresql postgresql-common postgresql-9.1 postgresql-contrib-9.1

and then it worked.


error removing file no such file or directory

the name of the file must contain a non-printing character i.e. a character that is not printed even if is there.

you should try this:

ls -b <your file> | xargs rm

you should get the full name of that file by typing the first few letters then pressing tab


Can I monitor home network and throttle traffic?

Unless you're using your Ubuntu machine as a router, I'm not sure you can influence the connection received by anyone else connected.

That said, most routers will come with a Quality of Service engine (or something similar) which will allow you to priorities network traffic, and may even be able to throttle individual usage. This will depend a on your router though.


How to install an application from gitweb

There is no configure script in this program. Do that:

cd into the directory of this application
chmod +x ./install
./install

The install program will invoke the setup.py script appropriately.
This assumes you already have all the dependencies necessary to build the program.


Is there any tweak to bring back emblems in Nautilus?

How to...

From the Unity Dash, search for software sources and enable the "Multiverse Repository"

Now in a terminal copy and paste (one line at a time)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:dr3mro/nautilus-actions-extra
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nautilus-actions-extra
nautilus -q

Use the following option to emblemize your file/folder:

notes

This installs 70Mb of various packages.  More importantly, you can see it installs many nautilus extras.  You can remove any of the installed scripts via the tool nautilus-actions-config-tool
You have to hit F5 to refresh the Nautilus folder contents for the emblem to appear.

source


Ok this seems frustrating.
Fix your logon bug first.(should work on ubuntu 13.04)

Log on to the Guest account.
press Ctrl+Alt+T
Then write su fred(if this your user name)
Type in your password and press enter(no characters should appear while typing)
Then paste these command's and press enter

sudo rm ~/.Xauthority

sudo apt-get install --reinstall xorg

sudo reboot

Try then to login to the account fred, and fix your vnc from there.


How to remove Windows 10 partition after Ubuntu 18.04 LTS install

I want to assume that you have Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and Windows 10 on separate drives. If that is the case then you can either visit this link here or proceed as follows:

All you have to do is remove your Windows partition and remove the Windows option from your GRUB boot menu.

Make sure the backups of your documents (and other important files, such as ebooks, videos, music, and so forth) are current. If you are going to expand the Ubuntu partition to take up the space freed by removing your Windows partition, then this is especially important, as there is always some risk (though small) of data loss when performing dynamic partition resizing. However, even if you are not planning to do this unless you are highly experienced with repartitioning, there is a significant risk that you may make a mistake (you probably will not, but if you do, you want the consequences to be minimally bad).
Boot from an Ubuntu live CD/DVD or live USB flash drive (as it is not considered safe to edit a physical disk's partition table from within any of the operating systems installed on the physical disk). Select Try Ubuntu rather than Install Ubuntu.
Use GParted, the GNOME Partition Editor, to edit the partition table on the hard disk, removing the Windows system.

Start GParted (System > Administration > GParted, or if you're using a live system of Ubuntu 11.10 or later, press the Super, i.e., Windows key, type gparted, and click the search result that appears).
Select your Windows partition (it will be of type NTFS and will probably have a pale green border).
Delete it (Partition > Delete).
Optionally, resize your Ubuntu partition to take up the freed space. You may be able to do this by selecting it (it's of type ext4) and using Partition > Resize/Move. However, if it is contained in an extended partition (a kind of container partition for other partitions) and the Windows partition was not contained in the extended partition, then you may need to expand the extended partition first, and then expand the Ubuntu ext4 partition contained within it.
While this step is optional, the space that Windows occupied will not be available to your Ubuntu system if you skip it. (However, if you just want to use the space for storage, you could create a new partition for that purpose where your Windows partition used to be, instead of expanding Ubuntu's ext4 partition.)
Apply your changes (Edit > Apply All Operations).

Quit GParted and reboot (click the power icon at the upper-right corner of the screen and click Restart or Shut Down). Once you have booted back into the Ubuntu system installed on the hard drive, update your GRUB menu to remove the Windows option, by running sudo update-grub in a Terminal window (Ctrl+Alt+T). When you run that command, you might be prompted for your password. As you enter it, you won't see any placeholder characters (like *). That's OK--just type it in and press enter. After you've run that command, Windows should no longer appear as an option to select in the boot menu.

However, unless your Windows partition is seriously damaged or infected with viruses, I wouldn't recommend removing it. Instead, shrink your Windows partition, leaving space for your data plus an extra gigabyte for virtual memory (the versions of GParted that come with all currently supported Ubuntu releases are able to resize NTFS partitions). You never know when you'll need to use an application that only works with Windows.


After upgrade to ubuntu 13.10 keyboard input not working

Launch  dconf editor
Open Desktop -> ibus -> and click on General
Now check the box next to use-global-engine and use-system-keyboard-layout

Let me know if this works!


I can't use OpenDNS in my UBUNTU desktop

Here's how you can do it:

First, open up the network applet menu, and all the way at the bottom, select "Edit Connections", like below:

Now, switch to the wireless (or wired, as the case may be) tab, and select your network connection from the list, and then click the "Edit" button.

Now, switch to the IPv4 tab.

Use the second item on the "Method" menu - change it to DHCP Addresses only.

Then, first enter in the DNS servers: 208.67.222.222,208.67.220.220, and then click "Save".

Now, you should be using OpenDNS. If for some reason it doesn't work, go ahead and restart your computer - the changes should then take affect.


How to install JDK 11 GA on Ubuntu 18.04?

To add the LinuxUprising Java PPA repository to your software sources and install Oracle Java 11 in Ubuntu 18.04 run the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linuxuprising/java
sudo apt update
sudo apt install oracle-java11-installer

The oracle-java11-installer package automatically installs the oracle-java11-set-default package, which sets Oracle Java 11 as default (including setting the JAVA_HOME environment variable, which requires a session restart).

You don't need to uninstall openjdk-11-jdk if you already have installed it. You can use update-java-alternatives (which is installed when openjdk-11-jdk is installed) to manually choose which Java to use before running an application.

$ update-java-alternatives
usage: update-java-alternatives [--jre-headless] [--jre] [--plugin] [-v|--verbose]
           -l|--list [<jname>]
           -s|--set <jname>
           -a|--auto
           -h|-?|--help


Need help getting network shares to mount on boot with Ubuntu 16.04

You should probably mount it using the CIFS Utils and add it to your /etc/fstab file.

Install the cifs-utils

sudo apt install cifs-utils

Then give your NAS device a mount point

sudo mkdir -p /media/NAS

Then add a line to your /etc/fstab file so that every time it reboots it will mount it automatically.  The line would look something like the following:

//10.0.0.220/storage    /media/NAS  cifs    guest,iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777,noperm,nofail 0   0

Make sure to replace the //10.0.0.220/storage with whatever the share is on the device.  Once that is added, you can then just run sudo mount -a to mount it without the need of a reboot.


System-wide tweak of Adwaita theme to highlight the active tab in Firefox?

It seems there is no way to change the tab colors individually (did not find any documentation for the style class for firefox tab's only, in my research)
Also the link provided by you in Question have this below image, nowhere it is mentioned colors for the individual tabs..

This link https://color.firefox.com/ shows different components that can be customized, this also indicates no way to change individual tab colors..
In this scenario, the closest we can achieve is from below workaround..
create a theme folder with required directories and text file in system files named "ADW_MOD" (Adwaita Modified) with below command
sudo install -D /dev/null /usr/share/themes/ADW_MOD/gtk-3.0/gtk.css

open the css file with below command
sudo -H gedit /usr/share/themes/ADW_MOD/gtk-3.0/gtk.css

copy paste below content, save the file & close..
@import url("resource:///org/gtk/libgtk/theme/Adwaita/gtk-contained.css");

#MozillaGtkWidget .menubar,
#MozillaGtkWidget menubar {
    background-color: lightblue;
    color: blue;
}

Choose the gtk-theme ADW_MOD from gnome-tweaks or via command line,
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme "ADW_MOD"

you can modify the colors from above content or if you find documentation for GTK theme for fire fox specifying style class, you can modify the above content for more customizations..


Is it possible to use a different panel than Unity default?

The main issue is with the workspaces (multiple desktops), which in Unity are implemented quite differently from those in Openbox/GNOME: Unity uses a huge desktop divided into multiple smaller ones, and whether a window belongs to a desktop depends on its coordinates. Openbox and GNOME show the desktops as if they are stacked on top of each other, with only one visible; whether a window belongs to a desktop depends on a tag.

Also keep in mind that behind the scenes, Unity uses Compiz as window manager, not the window manager from GNOME.

Thus you can use in Unity any panel that is able to interact properly with Compiz. Tint2 can do that. I don't know about the others.

If you don't use multiple desktops, most panels might work well for you.

About using the Unity panel in Openbox, I do not know.