How do I Make a Personal Cloud Storage on Ubuntu?

Owncloud

Seems to be a good solution for you. It worked for me for Ubuntu based operating systems and it provides an easy to install process which I reproduce over here for your convenience but have in mind that Owncloud provides enough information on their support site at: https://doc.owncloud.org/server/7.0/admin_manual/installation/installation_wizard.html among other useful resources.

It is a self hosted service like a Dropbox account but hosted in your own server and with limits based on your home server's limits (hard disk drive space, microprocessor speed and memory amount).

It looks like a too difficult install process but it is as easy as downloading a single file, place it in your public html folder and write the proper address in the web browser's address bar. The next are pure instruction's webáges after which you'll have it installed.

I own an already installed Owncloud service in both a home and web servers. If you wish I can provide you an account in order to you check the properties of the Owncloud.

Good luck!

Installation Wizard

When ownCloud prerequisites are fulfilled and all ownCloud files are installed on the server, the last step to complete the installation is running the Installation Wizard. Open your Web browser to your new ownCloud installation.

If you are installing ownCloud on the same machine as you are
accessing the install wizard from, the URL will be
http://localhost/owncloud, or https://localhost/owncloud if you have
enabled SSL.
If you are installing ownCloud on a different machine, you’ll have to
access it by its hostname or IP address, e.g.
http://example.com/owncloud.
If you are using a self-signed certificate, you will be presented
with a security warning about the issuer of the certificate not being
trusted which you can ignore.

You will be presented with the setup screen:

Required Settings

Under create an admin account you must enter a username and password for the administrative user account. You may choose any username and password that you want.
Storage & Database

Click Storage & Database to see all of your database options, and to
optionally change the default data storage directory.
The database you want to use must already be installed, and you must
have a database admin user and password.
Enter any arbitrary name for the Database name. This must be a
database that does not already exist.
If you are not using Apache as the web server, it is highly
recommended to configure the data directory to a location outside of
the document root. Otherwise all user data is potentially publicly
visible!

Database Choice

For a guideline on which database system to choose, and on pointers
how to set them up for being available for PHP/ownCloud, see Database
Configuration
Note that you will only be able to choose among the PHP database
connectors which are actually installed on the system.
It is not easily possible to migrate to another database system once
you have set up your ownCloud to use a specific one. So make sure to
carefully consider which database system to use.
When using MySQL/MariaDB or PostgreSQL you have two options regarding
the database name and user account you specify:

You can specify either an admin or the root user, and the name of a database which does not yet exist. This lets ownCloud create its own database; it will also create a database user account with restricted rights (with the same username as you specified for the administrative user, plus an oc_ prefix) and will use that for all subsequent database access.

There are restrictions as to what characters a database name may or may not contain; see the MySQL Schema Object Names documentation for details);

Finish Installation

Once you’ve entered all settings, click “Finish Setup”
ownCloud will set up your cloud according to the given settings
When it’s finished, it will log you in as administrative user and
present the “Welcome to ownCloud” screen.

Setting Strong Directory Permissions

For hardened security we recommend setting the permissions on your ownCloud directory as strictly as possible. This should be done immediately after the initial installation. Your HTTP user must own the config/, data/ and apps/ directories in your ownCloud directory so that you can configure ownCloud, create, modify and delete your data files, and install apps via the ownCloud Web interface.

You can find your HTTP user in your HTTP server configuration files. Or you can create a PHP page to find it for you. To do this, create a plain text file with a single line in it:

Name it whoami.php and place it in your /var/www/html directory, and then open it in a Web browser, for example http://localhost/whoami.php. You should see a single line in your browser page with the HTTP user name.

The HTTP user and group in Debian/Ubuntu is www-data.
The HTTP user and group in Fedora/CentOS is apache.
The HTTP user and group in Arch Linux is http.
The HTTP user in openSUSE is wwwrun, and the HTTP group is www.

Note

When using an NFS mount for the data directory, do not change its ownership from the default. The simple act of mounting the drive will set proper permissions for ownCloud to write to the directory. Changing ownership as above could result in some issues if the NFS mount is lost.

The easy way to set the correct permissions is to copy and run this script. Replace the ocpath variable with the path to your ownCloud directory, and replace the htuser variable with your own HTTP user:

#!/bin/bash
ocpath='/var/www/owncloud'
htuser='www-data'

find ${ocpath}/ -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0640
find ${ocpath}/ -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0750

chown -R root:${htuser} ${ocpath}/
chown -R ${htuser}:${htuser} ${ocpath}/apps/
chown -R ${htuser}:${htuser} ${ocpath}/config/
chown -R ${htuser}:${htuser} ${ocpath}/data/

chown root:${htuser} ${ocpath}/.htaccess
chown root:${htuser} ${ocpath}/data/.htaccess

chmod 0644 ${ocpath}/.htaccess
chmod 0644 ${ocpath}/data/.htaccess

If you have customized your ownCloud installation and your filepaths are different than the standard installation, then modify this script accordingly.

This lists the recommended modes and ownership for your ownCloud directories and files:

All files should be read-write for the file owner, read-only for the
group owner, and zero for the world
All directories should be executable (because directories always need
the executable bit set), read-write for the directory owner, and
read-only for the group owner
The / directory should be owned by root:[HTTP user]
The apps/ directory should be owned by [HTTP user]:[HTTP user]
The config/ directory should be owned by [HTTP user]:[HTTP user]
The data/ directory should be owned by [HTTP user]:[HTTP user]
The [ocpath]/.htaccess file should be owned by root:[HTTP user]
The data/.htaccess file should be owned by root:[HTTP user]
Both .htaccess files are read-write file owner, read-only group and
world

Trusted Domains

ownCloud will take the URL used to access the Installation Wizard and insert that into the config.php file for the trusted_domains setting. All needed domain names of the ownCloud server go into the trusted_domains setting. Users will only be able to log into ownCloud when they point their browsers to a domain name listed in the trusted_domains setting. An IPv4 address can be specified instead of a domain name. A typical configuration looks like this:

'trusted_domains' =>
  array (
   0 => 'localhost',
   1 => 'server1',
   2 => '192.168.1.50',
),

In the event that a load balancer is in place there will be no issues as long as it sends the correct X-Forwarded-Host header.

The loopback address, 127.0.0.1, is whitelisted and therefore users on the ownCloud server who access ownCloud with the loopback interface will be able to successfully login. In the event that an improper URL is used, the following error will appear:

For configuration examples, refer to the config/config.sample.php document.


How can I make the command "eclipse myprogram.c" work in terminal?

The eclipse binary, is what is executed on the command line.  Unlike the Desktop and Dash which can use application launchers, you have to make sure the binary is stored in your PATH variable in the command line.

If you want to make this usable one-time, then run export PATH="/opt/eclipse:$PATH".

If you want this to work perpetually for the future, then we need to make sure every time the shell is opened yourself, and add the /opt/eclipse folder to your PATH so that eclipse is correctly interpreted by your terminal.  If you are running Bash, add it to ~/.bashrc, run source ~/.bashrc, and then run your original command again:

export PATH="/opt/eclipse:$PATH"


Problem installing Ubuntu 18.04 after the dual boot

To my understanding :

When you boot from the the pendrive you are welcomed by the black menu list which says

Try Ubuntu
Install Ubuntu
OEM Install(for manufacturers)
Check Disks for Defects

This is very normal if you have booted from the UEFI Option then you are greeted with a black background menu and when you boot under the legacy option you are greated with a purple background menu.

hope that helps.


Restart programs on startup that were opened before shutdown

Problem is: there might be no good solution. Sorry to disappoint, but an honest answer depicting the situation is better than no answer.

In older versions of Gnome, you could enable the option to save a session. Then on logout, the open applications would be saved, and on next login, they would be launched again. This feature did not always work reliably, and was dropped.

Currently, to achieve the effect of being able to continue where you left, you may put your computer in sleep modus or in hibernate modus. Sleep means that everything is kept in memory. Then the computer goes in a very low power mode, just supplying power to the memory so its content is safeguarded. In hibernate modus, the contents of the RAM is written to SWAP memory on a swap partition. Then the system fully powers down. On startup, the system checks is a previous session is in SWAP, and restores that to memory.

Issue with sleep and especially hibernate is that it works not reliably in quite some hardware. This is especially a problem with hibernate, to the extent that hibernate is disabled by default on Ubuntu. However, you have more chance to have luck with sleep modus. If that works well on your hardware, it will work to your satisfaction. A laptop can be in sleep modus for quite some weeks before the battery runs out. If you are not using your computer for that long, it is obviously better to fully shut down on these occasions.

The reason it does not always works well is indeed what plagues linux in a more general sense: hardware manufacturers using proprietary systems for power management, or implementing it in a proprietary way such that linux developpers have no good documentation to support it.


Creating files when "sudoed" messes up permissions and users

The problem on your system is that your umask settings are a bit strange/messed up.

For general information about umask please refer to What is "umask" and how does it work?
In short we can say that the umask defines the default permission set for new files. It is configured in /etc/login.defs.

The default value for umask is 022 which results in default permissions for new files to be rwxr-xr-x (owner: full access, group: read/execute, world: read/execute).

You have changed this setting to 033 which results in default permissions to be rwxr--r--, i.e. no execute permissions for group and others.

The problem we're facing here when removing execute permissions from a directory is that it becomes no longer browsable. You need the execute permission to list a directory's contents. Because the newly generated directories have execution for everybody but their owner declined, only the owner user (here root) can list the directory contents by default.

You have two options:

Keep the umask and manually add execution permissions for others using chmod +x on all directories where you need them.

This is a lot of work and you will likely forget it every now and then. Only do this if you have a good reason for a non-default umask.
Reset the umask back to its default 022.

To do this, open the file /etc/login.defs with your favourite text editor as root, e.g. using sudo nano /etc/login.defs.

Search for this line:

UNAME       033

And replace it with the default settings again:

UNAME       022

Additionally I have also seen that you have USERGROUPS_ENAB set to no, but its default is yes. This setting does not only make the umask group permissions equal to the owner permissions for non-root users, but also causes automatic generation (and deletion, if no longer needed) of users' primary groups (same name and ID as user).

I would personally recommend to reset that line to its defaults as well, unless you have a reason not to do that.

Therefore search the line

USERGROUPS_ENAB no

and replace it with

USERGROUPS_ENAB yes


apt-get -f install hangs on Unpacking linux-headers-4.4.0-66-generic

I ran into the same problem after my computer lost power during an update process. The top answer from this thread helped me:

How to remove package in bad state, software center freezes, no synaptic


I had an hp laptop, and suffered with similar problems, you can try these things:

if you are dual booting, restart from windows rather than shut down. This works in most cases, if its showing wifi disabled by hardware switch
Plugin your Ethernet cable. Go to settings -> software and updates -> additional drives, there you might find needed driver to download and install.
Sometimes there is a firmware missing. When you boot up ubuntu, after showing ubuntu logo, some text lines appear quoting firmware/driver missing. Search for that firmware online. My broadcam firmware was missing and downloading one fixed it.

These steps helped me, if they don't work for you, i will try finding some other ways.


Hello and welcome to Ask Ubuntu!

If I understood your question correctly you just want to run some command that will read all files in the given directory, but you are not interested in any output other than potential error messages saying files could not be read. You can achieve that for example using the grep command, like this:

grep -r Zaphod Flintstones/

The above command means that grep will recursively go through all files in the Flintstones directory looking for the string "Zaphod" (you could put some other string there, it does not matter, just something for grep to search for, if you want no output pick something that you think will not occur in any file). If the command completes without error messages about unreadable files, then that means the directory is readable.

Not saying this is the best way, probably there are more elegant ways, but the above is one way of doing it.


How to count occurrences of text in a file?

You can use cut and uniq tools:

cut -d ' ' -f1 test.txt  | uniq -c
      5 5.135.134.16
      9 13.57.220.172
      1 13.57.233.99
      2 18.206.226.75
      3 18.213.10.181

Explanation :

cut -d ' ' -f1 : extract first field (ip address)
uniq -c : report repeated lines and display the number of occurences


cannot install ubuntu 12.10 when I select boot device

use rufushttp://rufus.akeo.ie/

load the iso into it

restart your computer

set your boor preference to USB

install

enjoy!!!


Network installer USB drive just starts FreeDOS

Never mind, I found what I did wrong.

After step 5 the Boot selection "FreeDOS" from step 4 was lost. I assumed I had accidentally changed it and set it back to "FreeDOS". This was wrong.

It is totally normal that after step 5 the Boot selection is the name of the .iso and one should not set it back to "FreeDOS".

I don't quite understand why the tutorial includes step 4 to set Boot selection to "FreeDOS" when it will be overwritten immediately.


How to enable wifi in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS using a Macbook with Parallels 11.2.0

Solution to your question postet more than a year ago:

I run a Macbook Pro with the same card and am changing to linux via efi dual boot. First I installed ubuntu but had to fix a startupbug ("minimum bash line...).
Linuxmint 18.2 recognized my Airport out of the box and connected to internet. But I am trying to learn debian 9. Debian did not recognize my card.
I am not familiar with terminal yet but I found a solution. After hours of studying forums, searching for the proper driver, installing the wrong ones...

I checked in my Mint version with synaptic for drivers it used and there it was:  bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu1~1.1_amd64

I made a google search and found a deb file here:

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/xenial/amd64/bcmwl-kernel-source/6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu1~1.1

The file name is: bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu1~1.1_amd64.deb

I installed it in Debian and it worked promptly. But running synaptic to uninstall the other Broadcom Sta files, I lost it again. Now I reinstalled it new and it works fine.

Hope I can help someone with this post to save time and frustration.

good luck


"program for erasing of disks" would be probably be Gparted (disk partition manager)
See? Isn't much easier to provide an actual answer, instead of answering back with another question?
...
"Software manager", at least here in my Xubuntu that I'm running, you can run it from a terminal using gnome-software (running in terminal will allow you to see if any errors appear... use this method when you can't run an app by clicking it with the mouse on menus)
edit: And yeah, I remember in the past using xubuntu as well and Software Manager having this problem of only working on Live-Session from USB, but it would not work anymore after I installed on disk. It's not the best thing ever, sorry to say. I just opened it here on the Live-Session to test it out, it opens up, but it uses a whole lot of internet bandwidth (much more than sudo apt-get update) and it took almost 5 minutes for it to open, with no input whatsoever to the user. It's clunky and unfinished, to say the least. Nothing quite close to what Manjaro offers in terms of this same application.
...
Now, here comes the annoying part: "image writer"... I assume you're talking about anything that would function similar to Windows' MSPaint or Image Viewer (I don't remember the particular names, been years...) Bad news: there isn't one single Linux application that compares to MSPaint, that does everything it does. You will have to use multiple different apps for each thing. For example, one app to view images, another app to paste screenshot from clipboard, another app to crop said screenshot, yet another app (4th one) to insert Text Overlays on top of said screenshot. It's hassle, not gonna lie.
...
Welcome to Linux, what else can I help? I can't post comments yet, because of the "wonderful" way this website is structured. But I think I can help you here this way. Anything else?


How can I get copies of default config files?

Alternately you can download the appropriate .deb and extract the file.

http://packages.ubuntu.com/

Download the .deb and extract it with

ar p apache.deb data.tar.gz | tar zx

Then find the configuration file you need in the extracted directory.

I only mention this in the event you are running a server without X ;)


App that will rip mp3s from an analog cassette tape?

My suggestion involves:

recording your tape as one file
Removing the tape hiss
Splitting the file individual tracks
Re-encoding the tracks into individual mp3 files

To do this will involve the following software which you can install from the Software Centre:

Audacity
Gramofile
Installing restricted codecs - search for restricted and choose the restricted extras for your variant of ubuntu
Sound Converter

Audacity

Audacity is a fantastic sound editor.

Plug in you jack into the appropriate sound-in / headphone socket in your laptop or PC sound card.
On your tape, approximately forward to where you have the "loudest sound"
Play your tape
Using Audacity, press the record button
Adjust the input levels so that the sound doesnt "clip"
Stop recording and rewind the tape
Choose from the Audacity Menu - Transport - Sound Activated Recording
Play your tape and record until the end of the tape

Now a bit of clean-up of the sound recorded.

To remove the tape-hiss choose from the Audacity Menu:

Effect - Normalize.  This will adjust the approximate sound level through the entire track
Effect - Noise Removal.  This will remove some of the lower frequency sounds that is the tape hiss - just follow the two suggested steps on the window.  Play with the results to get the best sound on your track.

Finally, save the file as a .wav file.

Split Tracks

To break the one big .wav file into individual tracks use the Gramofile software.

Start the application and open the .wav file.  Tell the application which folder to save the individual tracks.

Convert to MP3

Finally use Sound Converter

Ensure you have installed the restricted codecs for your ubuntu variant.

Run the application and select all the .wav tracks in the folder saved to by gramofile

Choose the Convert option and choose MP3

Sit back and wait for all the .wav files to be converted to MP3.


Unable to resize despite unallocated chunk with GParted

Make sure that you have a good backup of your important Ubuntu files, as this procedure can corrupt or loose data.
Keep these things in mind:

always start the entire procedure with issuing a swapoff on any mounted swap partitions, and end the entire procedure with issuing a swapon on that same swap partition

a move is done by pointing the mouse pointer at the center of a partition and dragging it left/right with the hand cursor

a resize is done by dragging the left/right side of a partition to the left/right with the directional arrow cursor

if any partition can't be moved/resized graphically, you may have to manually enter the specific required numeric data (don't do this unless I instruct you to)

you begin any move/resize by right-clicking on the partition in the lower part of the main window, and selecting the desired action from the popup menu, then finishing that action in the new move/resize window

Do the following...
Note: if the procedure doesn't work exactly as I outline, STOP immediately and DO NOT continue.

boot the a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start gparted
right-click on sda5 in the lower pane and select move
move sda5 all the way left
resize the right-side of sda5 all the way to the right
if it all looks ok, click the Apply icon
exit gparted and reboot


After upgrading to 19.10 can't read USB drives

Quick fix: just remove /media/user folder and next time it will create with the same permissions but now it works. Would like to know why, though...

Fernando


Wohoo!  Install LibreOffice-gtk3 (after removing LibreOffice).
Thanks to somebody out there - sorry I didn't note who / where.


How to connect to SFTP in FileZilla using a private key

You have to configure the key authentication.

Open the menu Edit > Settings… and navigate to Connection > SFTP.

Add the key files and you're done.


Help getting mini-DisplayPort external monitor working on Lenovo T440s ( Intel HD 4400)

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade && sudo shutdown -r now

Plug the cable on the display, open a terminal, type:

tail -f /var/log/{messages,kernel,dmesg,syslog}

Plug the cable to the ultra book and see if you get some sort of output.
just to see if the cable works.

sudo apt-get install arandr

Use arandr to set the output.


Configure network manager to expose to VM only

I was able to fix this using the following settings. Hopefully this will help someone else in the future.
In 01-network-manager-all.yaml I changed it from this:
# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager

To this:
#Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
          eno1:
                  link-local: []
                  dhcp4: no
                  addresses: []
                  dhcp6: no

Then typed the following command:
sudo netplan try

I confirmed it was valid and then followed with:
sudo netplan apply


How can I start my application in a more convenient way?

A script is quite overkill.

Use a .desktop file like:

[Desktop Entry]
Exec=/bin/bash -c "cd ~/MyDirectory && myapp some_arguments"
Name=Some App
Type=Application

Save it as some_app.desktop
Make it executable and double click

N.B.

The question is if it needs to be run from its own directory or not. If not, the command could even be simpler:

Exec='/home/MyUserName/MyDirectory/myapp' some_arguments


Converting into mpeg4 for cinelerra without quality loss

Okay, I'm not sure if this is the best way to do it or not, but I've managed to convert the video without quality loss by specifying the bitrate when calling avconv as so:

for f in *m2v; do avconv -i "$f" -b:v 8000k -c:a als -c:v mpeg4 "${f/%m2v/mov}"; done


How to View Windows Files on a Wubi install?

In a Wubi install your windows partition (your C: drive) is mounted in /host/

In nautilus, the file manager, click on the File System icon at the left bar. In the right panel there is view with some folders, all your C: drive contents will be inside of the one called host.


can we convert(revert) basic disk to dynamic after successfully installing ubuntu?

"Dynamic disks" relies on a Microsoft proprietary technology for which there's no support in Linux. As such, the answer is no, you can't convert to dynamic after installing Ubuntu as it will make your Ubuntu unbootable.


Run Ubuntu 12.10 from 8GB USB Stick (Non LiveUSB method)

Use a small 1-2G usb to create a "startup disk" instead of the CD.  The only glitch is bug 384633,
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/grub-installer/+bug/384633
 which results in a wrong, unbootable grub.cfg being created.  Edit the grub (instructions are on screen at the bottom) info at first boot, reducing the disk by one letter, (change sdc1 to sdb1 in the search and linux lines)  and at first successful boot, run

sudo update-grub

to fix things up.  Feel free to add yourself to the bug, and maybe someday it will be fixed.


This answer fixed it for me:
https://askubuntu.com/a/768112/190333

  I disabled hardware acceleration for my browser from
  Settings > Advance Settings > System > uncheck the hardware acceleration

This is something to do with hardware accelleration on Ubuntu. In my case I am running 17.10 and using an NVIDIA card.

I switched to a machine with the exact same card and driver, but running Debian 8, and the problem did not exist.

So while we have a fix, this indicates a problem unique to Ubuntu + Chrome, and not the video drivers specifically.


Auto suggestion of package doesn't happen after upgrade?

I've found that it's because of a missing package (I must have accidentally removed it during the upgrade to Focal or it was "autoremove"d unintentionally). The way to get it the auto-suggestion was to install the package command-not-found:
$ sudo apt search command-not-found
Sorting... Done
Full Text Search... Done
command-not-found/focal-updates,now 20.04.4 all [residual-config]
  Suggest installation of packages in interactive bash sessions

packagekit-command-not-found/focal 1.1.13-2ubuntu1 amd64
  Offer to install missing programs automatically

python3-commandnotfound/focal-updates,now 20.04.4 all [installed,auto-removable]
  Python 3 bindings for command-not-found.

Example before & after:
$ smartctl
smartctl: command not found
$ sudo apt install command-not-found -y
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  command-not-found
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 14 not upgraded.
Need to get 5240 B of archives.
After this operation, 35.8 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 command-not-found all 20.04.4 [5240 B]
Fetched 5240 B in 0s (18.5 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package command-not-found.
(Reading database ... 43980 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../command-not-found_20.04.4_all.deb ...
Unpacking command-not-found (20.04.4) ...
Setting up command-not-found (20.04.4) ...
$ smartctl

Command 'smartctl' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install smartmontools

$


GUI vs Terminal Launch: Different look of applications

Themes are implemented on a per user basis. Installing one for your user won't result in a change to the root theme. launching with sudo results in the use of roots profile rather than your own. You can prove this to yourself rather simply. the command sudo -i will launch an interactive shell with sudo permissions. None of the scripts in your ~/bin directory will respond to tab completion like they would if you were under your own profile and the command pwd clearly shows you are in the /root directory as sudo rather than the home/you directory (where you is your username).


What should I do when I get 'There are stopped jobs' error?

There are stopped jobs message is far, far away to be an error. It's just a notification telling you that you attempt to exit from the shell, but you have one or more suspended jobs/programs (in your case emacs which you putted in background using & at the end of your command). The system doesn't let you to exit from the shell and kill the jobs unless you mean to. You can do a couple of things in response to this message:

use jobs command to tell you what job(s) you have suspended
you can choose to add the job(s) in the foreground using fg command
if you don't care if the job(s) will terminate, you can just type exit again; typing exit a second time with or without an intervening jobs command will result in the termination of all suspended jobs.

To answer the second question, I will tell you that not Ubuntu or emacs behaving like this. This is a normal behavior when you put an application to run in background. In this case sudo is asking for password, but is asking in background, so you can't see this fact. To see it, you should bring back the job in foreground using fg command:

radu@Radu: ~ $ sudo emacs tet.c &
[1] 7732
radu@Radu: ~ $ # now sudo emacs run in background so you can't see nothing about what's happening
radu@Radu: ~ $ fg
[sudo] password for radu:

After this you can type Ctrl+Z to put again the job in background if you want. Then you can run again 'fg' command to bring back the job in foreground and so on.


Dell D1000 USB3 Docking Station with Dell XPS

I installed 16.04-LTS via the Ubuntu upgrade procedure, and it works fine.

I installed the DisplayLink USB Graphics Software for Ubuntu, version 1.1.62.

http://displaylink.org/forum/showthread.php?t=64503

I had to disable secureboot in the BIOS. As an alternative it is possible to add a signature to the driver.

Getting the driver to work on the XPS13 is discussed in the thread at the following URL.

http://displaylink.org/forum/showthread.php?t=64527

There is a problem with configuring multiple displays because settings>hardware>displays responds with "could not get screen information".

I googled this problem and generally the suggestions involved invoking the following.

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

This proposal may help accidentally, but after sorting out the various variants of gnome and experimenting, it seems that "settings>hardware>displays" is actually looking for appearance information, which has been removed from settings in the latest version of the gnome desktop configuration system.

If one clicks on the desktop background to get a menu including change desktop background and then clicks on change desktop background, appearance configuration pops up, and then one can choose "all settings" at which point displays works, and one can configure the multiple displays.


How to mount Intel Matrix RAID 0 on Ubuntu 13.10 live?

I found it out! It is very simple.

Start the laptop under Windows 7.
Use the Intel provided tool to unmark the RAID error on the one drive.
Boot Ubuntu from USB again and it is done. The whole volume will be automounted. And the error message

  ERROR: isw: wrong number of devices in RAID set "isw_iffifahhi_Volume0" [1/2] on /dev/sdb
  * Group superset isw_iffifahhi

is gone.


What are the differences between the git and git-core packages?

The git-core package is a "dummy" package, which has the git package as dependency. This is because the git-core package has been renamed to git.

The dummy git-core package should be safely removable.

In previous releases, it seems git was a virtual package for gnuit (GNU Interactive Tools).

Source


Does running a bash script as root change the ownership of files to root?

Where you haven't said what the script does, it's impossible to say exactly, but here's a quick breakdown of different file operations:

Reading/writing an existing file: no, the file will not change ownership

e.g. cat/tee

Creating a new file: yes, new files will be owned by root

e.g. touch

Changing file ownership: yes, of course

e.g. chown root

Changing file permissions: no

e.g. chmod


Can't connect to internet using Dlink DWA-130 (rev C1) usb stick on Ubuntu 14.04

The correct driver for your device is r8192u_usb. The file you added will be ineffective so please remove it:

sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/network_drivers.conf

The driver requires firmware; let's confirm that it is present:

sudo modprobe r8192u_usb
dmesg | grep 8192

Are there any interesting messages? If it is missing firmware, get a temporary working internet connection, open a terminal and do:

wget ftp://ftp2.dlink.com/PRODUCTS/DWA-130/REVC/DWA-130_REVC_DRIVERS_0.06_LINUX.ZIP
unzip DWA-130_REVC_DRIVERS_0.06_LINUX.ZIP
sudo mkdir /lib/firmware/RTL8192U
sudo cp rtl8192u_linux_2.6.0006.1031.2008/firmware/RTL8192U/*  /lib/firmware/RTL8192U

Remove and reinsert the device and it should be working.

Also, sometimes DISABLED arises when the wireless switch or key combination is set to disable wireless; check

rfkill list all

Once I have further information, I will edit my answer to refine my proposed solution.


Common drive for Ubuntu 32 bit and 64 bit

Looks like the question describes not what have been created: there two partitions have been partitioned: sda1 (about 70Gb) and sda2 (about 150 Gb). All created partitions are shown by df independently on what OS(es) are installed.

You can also check what your system with:

sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda

sudo parted /dev/sda

For example, in parted you should see a size for whole /dev/sda and free space for unallocated space.


How do I make symlink to Desktop work correctly at startup on Ubuntu 14.04?

I figured it out.  The first time I restarted I hadn't entered the mount commands in fstab correctly.  I had them as:

/dev/sdX pathtomounteddirectory

where the X is the proper suffix. (I used sudo gedit /etc/fstab in terminal to edit the fstab folder, and df -h to find the proper suffix and the pathtomounteddirectory.)

I had changed the fstab commands to:

/dev/sdX pathtomounteddirectory ext4 defaults 0 0

I verified the filesystem type using parted -l.

Anyways, my initial error had changed my user-dirs.dirs file found in my .config folder under my Home directory.  (You can make it visible using ctrl + h outside terminal or using ls -a inside terminal).  Once I reedited my user-dirs.dirs file, everything worked fine.


Using your Ubuntu Live CD boot into the system. Once running, open a terminal and type
or copy and paste this:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update

then

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

you will download a repair tool

To use the tool launch Boot-Repair from either :

the dash (Unity)
System->Administration->Boot-Repair menu (Gnome)

by typing 'boot-repair' in a terminal

Then try "Recommended repair" button. When repair is finished, reboot and check if you recovered access to your OSs.

use this for reference https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


Unable to Disable Power Button | Ubuntu 14.04.2 running Xfce 4.10

Alright, so I stumbled upon the answer to my own question quite by accident.

I probably should've mentioned this before, but I also tried to find out what keycode and keysym the power key was attached to through xev, but it registered nothing when the key was pressed.

Anyhow, I just recently changed over from using the Xmonad window manager to the i3 window manager (great switch btw, i3 is awesome!). As I was configuring i3, it crossed my mind to check and see if the power key would behave the same way as it had under Xfce/Xmonad. I pressed it and, nothing!

After letting out an emotionally charged cry of victory over this nuisance, I immediately started xev and discovered that (at least on this model chromebook) the power key is registered to keycode 124. I then altered my ~/.Xmodmap file to include the line:

  keycode 124 = F11 F11 F11 F11

Finally, I restarted Ubuntu and lo and behold, xev now appropriately registers the "F11" key being pressed and the system doesn't abruptly shut down.

I hope that this is helpful to anyone who was suffering the same frustrations. Peace be with you!


Ubuntu 16.10 on DELL XPS 13 9360 - (how) do I use Intel graphics drivers?

The first and most easy option to check whether you are using intel graphics and drivers would be to open the System Settings application and then open the Details tab ... there in Overview :

The intel drivers are installed and in use by default, there's really no need to download and install anything unless you have a dedicated NVIDIA adapter and want to use proprietary NVIDIA drivers instead. You can check which drivers you use by opening a terminal and executing this command :

lspci -k | grep VGA (when you only have an integrated intel GPU) or lspci -k | grep -EA2 'VGA|3D' (if you have an additional NVIDIA GPU). But as far as I know, DELL XPS 13 9360 comes with an integrated intel HD Graphics 620 solution. Conclusion : everything works out-of-the-box.

To check which video drivers are installed in the operating system, just execute this command :

$ dpkg --get-selections | grep xserver-xorg-video
xserver-xorg-video-all              install
xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu           install
xserver-xorg-video-ati              install
xserver-xorg-video-fbdev            install
xserver-xorg-video-intel            install
xserver-xorg-video-nouveau          install
xserver-xorg-video-qxl              install
xserver-xorg-video-radeon           install
xserver-xorg-video-vesa             install
xserver-xorg-video-vmware           install

Find other available video drivers in the repositories with : $ apt search xserver-xorg-video

You can check which intel drivers versions are available and which one is installed by executing :

$ apt policy xserver-xorg-video-intel
xserver-xorg-video-intel:
  Installed: 2:2.99.917+git20160706-1ubuntu1
  Candidate: 2:2.99.917+git20160706-1ubuntu1
  Version table:
 *** 2:2.99.917+git20160706-1ubuntu1 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

More details about the installed drivers you get with : sudo lshw -c video and modinfo i915


Ubuntu 14.04.1-desktop-i386.iso will not boot

Yes the DVD should be readable in Windows. It should contain several files and folders. You should check the CD/DVD in an other computer. If it can not be opened there as well, need to create an other one. If you can read the disk on the other computer you might have a technical problem with the CD/DVD drive.


I'm partially quoting the man page.

scope type is the  scope  of  the  destinations  covered  by the route prefix. scope link means that within the network segment of the device communication is allowed through this link. Towards other network segments routing should be used.

protocol type is the routing protocol identifier of this route. proto kernel means:

  The route was installed by the kernel during autoconfiguration.

For more information, see:

The man page that can be read by typing man ip in a terminal window.
Several topics on Serverfault. Especially this on scope.


ssh not working: Connection closed by remote host

debug1: Connecting to github.com [192.30.253.113] port 22.

That does not look like github IP

debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: Error:  Must authenticate before using this service.

That is not SSH identification string.

You are connecting from behind some proxy/firewall that prevents you from using SSH. You should talk with your network administrator.

Or use HTTPS to clone your github repositories.


Should not have any impact on boot time in itself.  The only thing that could alter this is if you change the time that the boot menu shows for or prevent the boot menu showing at all.

I think your hard drive is relatively slow.


The clue is in line "Starting init: /bin/sh exists but couldn't execute it (error -8)"

A check in errno.h says the 8 is "Exec format error".

Are you trying to run a 32 bit kernel on a filesystem with 64 bit userspace?


Ubuntu stuck on boot, won't get past fsck!

After experiencing this exact same issue, using Ubuntu 16.04.02, I found a couple of ways to work around it. It seemed my problems were caused by changing the graphics nvidia drivers, and although I haven't found a way to properly work the drivers, I can get the regular login operation working again.

First Fix.

I used ESC on the startup ubuntu purple splash to be able to enter GRUB.
Using e to edit the grub ubuntu boot command, I added the command nomodeset to the line starting with linux, just before other commands quiet splash. See this for an example.
At the Ubuntu Login Screen, I got caught into a login loop, where the same startup process was obviously being called. To get past this, using CTRL + ALT + F1 you can login and enter a terminal.
Use sudo apt-get purge nvidia* to remove the unusable graphics drivers. Can be installed again later if need be. (ie, here)

Second Fix (Context: After achieving sucess with the first method, I proceeded to reinstall nvidia drivers to attempt to get the working again. Doing so, I also restarted xserver as described here which ended up breaking my login process, and even with nomodeset still resulted in the same issue.) Looks like the GIF in this.

To get past this block, I needed to boot into a recovery mode configuration of Ubuntu.
Use ESC on the startup ubuntu purple splash to be able to enter GRUB. Select Advanced options for Ubuntu.
Selected Root option to drop to a root shell prompt.
Use sudo apt-get purge nvidia* to remove the unusable graphics drivers.
Use Method 2 to reset xserver dependencies. This is because xserver hosts nouveau drivers for graphics cards.

You should now have regular access to your Ubuntu instillation, but I can't comment on your graphics card functionality.


Very slow copying files from ExFat to NTFS

You can load Ubuntu onto a live USB drive and do the same things without having to install it to a partition on your Mac. Despite being in "live" mode you are able to install packages using apt although all data is being stored into memory.

Your HDD is likely failing and usually before a disk fails it becomes slow. It's also very likely the disk will completely fail before you can access the entire contents, so you should be careful to grab the most important documents first and avoid doing anything that can stress the disk, such as prolonged operations.

If you load a SMART utility you can likely see it's failing with metrics provided. See this question for information on how to view the SMART status of a disk and your Mac also should have tools to do this.


Permissions issue with fstab CIFS mount but not when using mount command

I finally found the solution - this works in /etc/fstab:

//server/share /media/localdir cifs credentials=/home/myuser/.smbcredentials,,uid=1000,gid=1000 0 0


Should I upgrade from 11.04 to 12.04 directly or upgrade to 11.10 first

The best is to do the upgrade via 11.10. Currently Ubuntu doesn't support version skipping in this way. See here.


If you want to send/receive sms using your prepaid number via Broadband Modem in Ubuntu, there is modem-manager-gui application available.

We can install modem-manager-gui using ubuntu software manager or via command line using :

sudo apt install modem-manager-gui

modem manager gui

Limitation :

This application work with my edge/umts/hspa modem, but doesn't work
with my cdma/evdo modem.
No 'call' menu.

Summary from their website :

Modem Manager GUI is frontend for ModemManager daemon able to control specific modem functions.
Main features:

GTK3 interface
Send and receive SMS messages with messages concatenation.
Send USSD request and receive answer in system encoding.
Get modem and SIM information (Device info, Operator name, Mode, IMEI, IMSI/ESN, Signal level)
Scan available mobile networks
Control data transmission process and set session traffic and time limits


This cannot be done because of the security restrictions on the files.  iTunes and other movie sources have DRM or other protection enabled on those files, as such it cannot be loaded in non-iTunes systems or systems without the DRM information to unlock it.

However, non-DRM videos should still be viewable assuming you have the correct codecs (for example, freely distributed videos, such as a video rip from YouTube)


Can I run Windows virtually in Ubuntu for testing? What about Windows only software and drivers?

Can I run Windows virtually (VirtualBox)?

Yes, you can if your hardware supports it. Modern x86(-64) PCs do support it.

  I often use some photo editing software like Photoshop can I run it on Ubuntu?

You cannot run Photoshop directly on Ubuntu but you can try free alternatives like GIMP or get Photoshop working in VirtualBox or in Wine.

  And I have a lot of questions about the drivers.

You can (and should!) try Ubuntu before installing. Get your install medium, boot it and select Try Ubuntu without installing. It will boot a live session without any changes to your hard drive, so you can check all your requirements and ask a specific question here if you encounter any problems.

See also:

How do I install Ubuntu?
How to create a bootable USB stick?
Try Ubuntu before you install it


Why am I getting a "install rails" prompt when it already is installed?

You get that message when the executable you are trying to run is not in your PATH.  You simply need to add the rails installation path to your PATH variable,

    export PATH="$PATH:/path/to/rails"

replacing /path/to/rails with the installation directory (probably something like $HOME/.rvm/.../bin/rails). For convenience, you can add the above line to the end of ~/.bashrc.

Note that it may be more convenient to install this from the Ubuntu repositories; the page you link to is over two years old, and the warning about obsolete packages in the repositories has probably not been applicable for quite some time.


"No Batteries Available" in KDE battery widget

I had the same issue. Restarting Plasma helps in my case.

This technique is useful when you're trying to restart the Plasma desktop.

kquitapp5 plasmashell && kstart5 plasmashell

The KDE Plasma desktop is d-bus enabled and therefore you can provide the name of the application that runs the Plasma desktop to kquitapp5 to stop it. In the examples above the name of the application is plasmashell.
The kstart5 command launches applications with special window properties. In the examples above it just starts the plasmashell application which was killed in previous command.


How to safely open nautilus from terminal?

The answer was graciously provided in the comments. This only happens when Nautilus is already running. So the warning messages amount to nothing more than the obvious fact that nautilus can't be started because it's already been started.

To quit nautilus with nautilus -q and then to start it with nautilus . will cleanly open the current directory folder without the warning messages.

Note that this will launch the process from within the current shell which is usually undesirable because the console will hang until you kill the process with Ctrl+C which will in turn close the window. To avoid that mess, launch it as a detached process:

nautilus . &

Also note that if nautilus is already running, then there's no need to launch it as a separate process. This is why the warning messages appear with nautilus .


How to remove duplicates and print only those lines that contain a string and has the highest value in a specific column

A fairly KISS approach that avoids sorting would be to process the file twice, the first time to find the maximum values of each second column key, and the second to print the lines that contain those values:
$ awk 'NR==FNR{x[$2] = $3+0 > x[$2] ? $3 : x[$2]; next} $3 == x[$2] {print}' file file
MS1199089 PT01000001.1.1 0.63 16.4 0.7 -
MS0068379 PT01000007.1.1 0.96 13.9 0.4 core
MS0950857 PT01000010.1.8 0.1 17.5 0.2 S11
MS0416158 PT01000010.1.2 0.65 15 0.1 Callorhinchus
MS0438816 PT01000010.1.3 0.59 16.7 0 peptidase

As it stands, this will print all instances that tie for each maximum - you could add a !seen[$2]++ condition to limit it to the first occurrence.


How to assign a matlab value to a linux variable?

You can save the variable value from Matlab to a file and then read the value into a bash variable. Assuming the file 'data.txt' holds the value

X=$(cat data.txt)

will read the value from the file into the variable X.


When will PHP 7.1 be available in official repositories?

"PHP 7.1" will be available in Ubuntu Artful [1].

Ubuntu is not a bleeding edge distribution and most of its packages (except some) in repositories are frozen. These packages only get patchs and will not be updated to upstream major releases. So it's not going to come into "Ubuntu 16.04" repositories at all.

For more information read this answer: Why don't the Ubuntu repositories have the latest versions of software?

  Once the release happens additional changes to those packages only happen for bug fixing and security issues. There are no more upgrades done to the packages in the official repository even if new versions of the packages are released.


My bose AE2w Headphones connect but not visible in sound settings sometimes but overall not good sound quality

Bose AE2w Headphones runs in 2 different modes:

Telephony Duplex (HSP/HFP) for 2 ways comunication. (Mic and
speakers)
High Fidelity Playback (A2DP) for 1 way comunication.
(speakers only but in high quality)

Ubuntu does not currently know how to switch between the different modes it seems. However you can manualy change them using the commandline with 2 commands:

To list all bluetooth id's, open terminal and type:

pactl list cards short

To set the desired profile, open terminal and type:

pactl set-card-profile X a2dp (where X is the ID you just found)

This was tested on Ubuntu 15.04 64bit desktop


I can't believe this. I just can't. After I commented out my fstab (sudo nano /etc/fstab) which contained the array md127 (yours might be different, make sure you comment out all the lines that reference it, mine was two lines) I saved that then in the terminal typed
sudo mdadm --assemble -scan
and it reassembled the raid!


Will Ubuntu One delete or restore files in the cloud after formatting my PC?

the goal of cloud services like dropbox, ubuntu one, ... is to prevent you from loosing data.so if you have uploaded your data in ubuntu one, it wouldn't loose your data because they are stored in canonical data centers.


How to change default application (GUI doesn't work)

Try do do this (example for xlsx):

Change the default application to WPS (You did it).
In your home folder press Ctrl-h to show hidden files.
Go to folder .config/ and choose the .mimeapps.list. Open it with your text editor.
In section [Default Applications] find string which looks like application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet=cxmenu-cxoffice-63f91bab-e37a-473f-87ca-5d0ce0d85e95-3ii0rqp-Excel.desktop and delete it.
Don't forget to save the .mimeapps.list.
Check your default application in Nautilus. It must be WPS


dpkg --get-selections shows packages marked "deinstall"

What does "deinstall" mean?

From the manpage of dpkg this means

    the package is selected for  de-installation or removal (i.e.  we  want  to remove all files, except configuration files).

You also asked

  What can be done so that the packages marked "deinstall" are not listed by "dpkg --get-selections" anymore?

There are two ways you can do for not to be listed in the dpkg --get-selections command.

1. Unselect the packages for removal

You can unselect the packages, which are selected for removal. In this way, dpkg --get-selection will not show "deinstall" entry.

Look at this answer for the exact procedure to do this

2. You can actually do the selected task, i.e deinstall them

It is not recommended, If you have done a dpkg --clear-selections accidentally, which mark all packages as "deinstall" except the essentials one (Here, essentials doesn't mean You can have a system without any unnecessary software, essentials mean, You can only boot and have a very low-level linux system).

The command to do the desired task selected is:

sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade

Hope this will answer your query.

For more information you can check these links.

Ubuntu manual page for dpkg
What do the various dpkg flags like mean?


Ubuntu has GRUB as well as debian. If it doesn't show, press and hold Shift (or maybe Esc) just after the BIOS screen. It will look like this:

Then you can choose which kernel, after selecting "Advanced option for Ubuntu".


Dell xps 13 (3950) videocard not working

disable DRI in Xorg until the driver is fixed in kernel, so that things will work without acceleration.


You're using a 64 bit cgminer on 32 bit ubuntu


mount: only root can mount /dev/sdc1 on /media/Iomega_HDD

Linux, in contrary to Windows, uses a permissions method where users on the system can do some things and where 1 user (our of the box;it can be more) can elevate permissions to do administrator things. Your mount command is probably correct but needs sudo in from of it. So the command will start like this:

sudo mount ...

After you supply the admin password it should mount but it will still be owned by root so -any- action on the disc that is changing the disc (delete/write etc) will require your admin password.

For a normal user to mount Iomega_HDD you need to change the ownership of that directory from root to that user.  You can do that with the following command:

sudo chown $USER:$USER /media/Iomega_HDD

($USER is automatically translated to the user name you use to do this). This is a permanent solution: every next time you mount it you can do that with the user.


Use public/private key pairs for authentication instead of passwords.

Generate a passphrase-protected SSH key for every computer that needs to access the server:

ssh-keygen
Permit public-key SSH access from the allowed computers:

Copy the contents of ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub from each computer into individual lines of ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the server, or run ssh-copy-id [server IP address] on every computer to which you are granting access (you'll have to enter the server password at the prompt).
Disable password SSH access:

Open /etc/ssh/sshd_config, find the line that says #PasswordAuthentication yes, and change it to PasswordAuthentication no. Restart the SSH server daemon to apply the change (sudo service ssh restart).

Now, the only possible way to SSH into the server is to use a key that matches a line in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys. Using this method, I don't care about brute force attacks because even if they guess my password, it will be rejected. Brute-forcing a public/private key pair is impossible with today's technology.


What utility is like Ten Clips, providing an enumerated clipboard?

Try Clipit, it's installable in the software center.  Clipit was forked from the Parcellite clipboard manager and has more features and bugfixes but you might like Parcellite over Clipit.

The really big advantage of a clipboard manager under Linux is that it will maintain the clipboard even after you close the application you did the cut from.  Losing the clipboard when you close an application is one of those little bugbears in Linux that you either learn to live with, or get around by using one of these clipboard managers.

To re-use the clipboard history with enumeration open the preferences and turn "Automatically paste selected item" and "Show indexes in History" on.  You would then use the hotkeys for history, and then press the number of the item you want to paste.  The hotkey for history is programmable, however you might want to leave it as it is for the moment: ctrlalth

While this does not let you store items under a specific number, you do get a visible list of the items which is sortable if you want.  The programmable actions would seem to be another way of doing things, however there's not much documentation on this feature at the moment.  I believe the history hotkey and automatic paste feature should give you most of the functionality you need.  Chris


Why does USB formatted NTFS in Ubuntu work on Windows 7/8 but not XP?

There are actually differences between NTFS used in different Windows versions, as described in this Wikipedia page.

For the most part, you can use NTFS volumes in a dual-boot system under XP and Windows 7, but there can be some issues with some of the more esoteric stuff. For example, XP can only deal with one System Restore point. If you mount a Windows 7 or Vista volume with multiple restore points, XP sees them as invalid and deletes all of them. Therefore you should avoid using an NTFS volume with XP if you are depending on restoring to a previous version.

To be more precise: Windows XP, Vista and 7 all use NTFS version 3.1. However, NTFS 3.1 is a highly complex and advanced file system, and in fact its design includes features that not all versions of Windows can support. So, there is no chance of Windows XP corrupting a Windows 7 volume (making all data impossible to access), however XP may destroy data that Windows 7 saved to disk, if said data is 7-specific.


Can't Dual Boot into Windows 7 after Intalling Ubuntu 15.04

I think the grub is creating issues. Reinstall grub.

Try this:

Edit the GRUB Configuration File, open the /etc/default/grub file for editing in a standard text editor.

If you want to use a graphical text editor, open a terminal — or press Alt+F2 — and run the following command:

gksu gedit /etc/default/grub


Where are Wine files stored in Ubuntu 18.04?

It's in  /home/Username/.wine/Drive_C.

You have to check 'Show hidden files' in your file manager to see .wine directory.


I Recommend you Check This out: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair
And Make a boot rescue disk.

If you just want the Easy Steps On How to fix your grub, Check This Out: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows


Why there are 2 directories having same content?

/proc is a "virtual" filesystem exposing some kernel and process related details.

$$ is a shell variable giving the PID of the shell running it.

/proc/$$/root is a symbolic link to the root directory as seen by the current shell.
This could change in case you are chrooting.

In short, the two look identical because they are the same directory. If you execute ls -ld /proc/$$/root you will see that it is a symbolic link to /, and therefore /proc/$$/root/bin and /bin are the same directory.


Brasero should have came with your distribution. You can also try to install one from the Software Store. If you are more of a power user you can:
sudo apt install synaptic
sudo synaptic

Then search for a number of the burner software options.
I personally use k3b for my DVD recordings.


Wifi problems with Gigabyte 570x Aorus Pro WIFI and Ubuntu

I have ran into similar issues. Wifi would sometimes work, sometimes stop working after booting to Ubuntu in a dual boot system, which appeared to be random.
For me, the solution is to issue a Full Shutdown of Windows before booting into Ubuntu.
This can be done by holding the shift key and pressing the shutdown button, or by clicking restart.
If you do not do it, windows fast boot will remain enabled and two problems will appear when booting on Ubuntu:

My shared data partition is mounted as read only
Wifi network card is
not detected. Looking at the loaded modules, cfg80211 does not appear
to load properly.

Issuing a full shutdown on windows prevents the problem from happening.
My setup:
Dual boot of windows 10 and ubuntu 20.04
CPU: AMD Ryzen 9 3900X
Motherboard: Aorus x570 PRO wifi
Wifi hardware: Wi-Fi 6 AX200

# Partitions on of my system:
/dev/nvme0n1p1     529M Windows recovery environment/dev/nvme0n1p2     100M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p3     16M Microsoft reserved
/dev/nvme0n1p4     194.7G Microsoft basic data
/dev/nvme0n1p5     556.7G Microsoft basic data (Shared partition between the 2 OS)
/dev/nvme0n1p6     201.9G Linux LVM  (with separate volumes for root and home)

$ modinfo iwlwifi
filename:       /lib/modules/5.4.0-42-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/iwlwifi.ko
license:        GPL
author:         Copyright(c) 2003- 2015 Intel Corporation <linuxwifi@intel.com>
description:    Intel(R) Wireless WiFi driver for Linux
...
firmware:       iwlwifi-cc-a0-50.ucode
...
depends:        cfg80211
name:           iwlwifi
vermagic:       5.4.0-42-generic SMP mod_unload

$ sudo lshw -C network
  *-network
       description: Wireless interface
       product: Wi-Fi 6 AX200

When it is working:
$ lsmod | grep iwlwif
iwlwifi               331776  1 iwlmvm
cfg80211              704512  3 iwlmvm,iwlwifi,mac80211

Currently I cannot pinpoint why this solves the problem, but I hope this information can help other people.


Which bootloader option should I select to boot into Windows?

Use your arrow keys to navigate to the hilited option that has the word 'windows' with it and press 'enter' on your keyboard. And you get more options since one would be just ubuntu and it comes with its own preferences like 'memory check' and stuff like that. In my case, I also have Windows regular OS and Windows 'pro' which I didn't know I had.


Well, There are many programs to make Presentation:

OpenOffice/LibreOffice,
KOficce,
GnomeOffice
Microsoft Office(using Wine) !

you can also use
Google Docs (Web: Free)

Google Docs Updates Presentations With Real-Time Collaboration, New
Themes, Transitions and More Google Docs has rolled out a new version
of its presentations tool with over 50 new features, including,
simultaneous editing, a series of new slide… Read… Google Docs'
presentations module used to be fairly lackluster, but they've updated
it recently to make it more compatible with people coming over from
Microsoft Office, or people who want a more robust presentations tool.

Beamer (LaTeX) (Windows/Mac/Linux: Free)

If you're a fan of LaTeX, or just remember having to apply it for your
graduate thesis, you'll love Beamer. Where other presentation tools
give you a GUI where you drag in elements you want to use like images
and video and then tweak text boxes to include the information you
want on screen, Beamer requires you to build your presentation in a
custom markup language that works for just about any LaTeX document.

http://lifehacker.com/5888189/five-best-powerpoint-alternatives


Is there an application for reading mobi files?

calibre
Overview
calibre is a free and open source e-book library management application developed by users of e-books for users of e-books.
Calibre is primarily a ebook cataloging program. It manages your ebook collection for you. It is designed around the concept of the logical book, i.e. a single entry in the database that may correspond to ebooks in several formats. It also upports conversion from a dozen different ebook formats to LRF and EPUB. A graphical interface to the conversion software can be accessed easily by just clicking the "Convert E-books" button.
Supported input formats are: MOBI, AZW, LIT, PRC, EPUB, ODT, HTML, CBR, CBZ, RTF, TXT, PDF and LRS.

Starting calibre's ebook viewer as a standalone application
In certain cases you will not want to add an epub or mobi file to calibre's library before reading it. Luckily calibre's ebook viewer can be started independently via ebook-viewer. This makes it possible to create a standalone launcher:
#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Icon=calibre
Exec=ebook-viewer %f
Name=Ebook Viewer
Comment=Display .epub files and other e-reader formats
StartupWMClass=ebook-viewer
MimeType=application/x-mobipocket-ebook;application/epub+zip;

See here for more information on adding launchers to your system.

To click an ebook and open in ebook-viewer, make this application (usr/bin/ebook-viewer) the default for that type of file.


What are the layers between Nautilus and a removable storage device?

Does MTP Help?

  There doesn't seem to be a very good (functioning) way of mounting a Nexus 4 in Ubuntu, […]

I was wondering if you knew about the MTP protocol? It seems to be the main way for accessing media data of Android devices without SD cards via USB.

Modern Ubuntu versions (>= 13.04) should ship MTP support for Nautilus already. For older Ubuntu versions (e.g., 12.04) you might have to install a library upgrade manually or from a PPA.

You might also have to turn MTP support on in your Android device under “System settings” → “Storage” → “USB connection (PC)”

GVFS, FUSE, etc.

  […] I was thinking of writing some kind of adb wrapper, because adb works nicely. So my question is:

  What are the layers/system parts between Nautilus/Nemo and a removable storage device and how do they work?

  How does a GUI file manager like Nautilus fetch folder contents and file details. Does it throw commands like ls, cd in the background?

There are a lot of different layers involved, but definitely Nautilus does not run those shell commands in the background; this would be way too slow.

The main layer you should look into for your project is GVFS. According to Wikipedia, “GVFS is the virtual filesystem for the GNOME desktop, which allows users easy access to remote data via SFTP, FTP, WebDAV, SMB, and local data via Udev integration, OBEX, MTP and others.”

Since GVFS has support for FUSE (which may be another interesting layer for our discussion), you might try something like adbfuse. It wraps ADB in a FUSE driver which can then be used by Nautilus via GVFS. Please note that I haven’t tried this, however, I would be interested in hearing about any experiences you might make with it :-)

  Which system part is in charge when you're browsing /media and how does it work? Can I place my own handler here somewhere?

I’m not entirely sure about this but I think udisks eventually makes sure that you see removable storage devices under /media.

  Is what I'm thinking about possible at all?

It’s certainly possible as you can see with adbfuse; just run a web search for “fuse android adb” and you’ll get a few similar projects :-)


Just reinstall windows 8.1 on your HP PC and your good to go else create a partition for backup, backup your files in that partition (Ensure it's readable through Windows) and then replace Ubuntu with Windows 8.1 That should perform the magic.


Randomly loosing internet connection with Ubuntu 14.04 64bit

First of all, because these operations involve editing your system configuration at the kernel level, before you do any of this, BACK UP ANY IMPORTANT FILES, AND MAKE SURE YOU HAVE A BOOTABLE UBUNTU LIVE USB / DVD / CD. I cannot stress this enough. If for some reason your system crashes completely during these operations (though it shouldn't), you may want to have backups of anything important and a way to reinstall your OS if the need arises.

Visit this page, and select your hardware version number from the drop down list. (you should be able to find this number on the USB stick):

http://www.tp-link.com/en/download/TL-WN821N_V4.html#Driver

There are many drivers provided here in .zip files. The Linux driver file for V4 also contains a .pdf installation guide. If your version is V4, download the driver for Linux kernel, open, and follow the instructions in the .pdf file. If you have V4, stop reading here. The above should fix your problem.

If your version is V3, you need to download a special tool along with any dependencies, by opening up a terminal and entering the following code:

sudo apt-get install ndisgtk

Enter your password, press Y then Enter when prompted.

Then, go to the V3 driver download page, and download the driver for Windows Vista / XP.

Next, in the terminal, type

sudo ndisgtk

In the graphical interface, you should be able to load the appropriate driver from the 'Windows XP' folder in the downloaded file (the file name is 'arusb_XP.inf')

After you have it loaded, run

sudo nautilus

Now, go to root/etc/modprobe.d

Create a new .conf file here by right clicking and selecting New > Empty File (you can name it whatever you want, as long as it ends in .conf). Right click the file, and open with gedit. Type the following code in the text editor.

blacklist ar9170usb

Save, and close the file.

Now, create another .conf file in the same place. Open in gedit, enter

blacklist carl9170usb

Save and close.

Now, in the terminal, type the following and press enter:

sudo gedit /etc/modules

At the bottom of the text file, add the following line:

ndiswrapper

Save, close, then restart your system. Everything should be working.

If your version number is V5 or earlier than V3, the website does not seem to offer any drivers, but it is often the case that the drivers for a different version may work in the event that no drivers are offered. Trial and error may be necessary in this case to figure out which, if any, of the drivers available on the website actually work for these versions.

Alternatively, you may be able to obtain professional assistance by contacting TP-Link Tech Support using one of the methods listed on this page:

http://www.tp-link.com/en/contact.html

Hope this helps!


Changed user name in CLI. But even after rebooting, user name is the same

You sort of have two usernames - a username that is usable in SSH, TTYs etc, and the full-name that shows on the login screen - you should be able to see this in your relevant line in /etc/passwd - for example:
wilff:x:1001:1001:Random:/home/wilff:/bin/bash

So in my above case, my username for logging in via SSH/TTY etc is wilff (this is also used for the name of the home directory), whereas my full-name is currently Random.
To change the full-name
You can change the full-name via this command:
sudo chfn -f <NEW-FULL-NAME> <username>

or this one:
sudo usermod -c <NEW-FULL-NAME> <username>

Where <NEW-FULL-NAME>is the new full-name and <username> is the
So, for example again - command:
sudo usermod -c Magic wilff

resulting line in /etc/passwd:
wilff:x:1001:1001:Magic:/home/wilff:/bin/bash

This should also be possible via the User Settings in most Desktop Environments.
To change your username
Guessing this is the bit you have already done
See this question.


Unable to unzip matlab2015a.iso.bz2 file in ubuntu 17.10

The extension suggests that the file was compressed with bzip2.

In order to unpack the it, please try bzip2 -d Matlab2015a.iso.bz2 in a terminal.


Unable to satisfy all constraints on the partition when installing Ubuntu from USB

Ubfan1 may be correct; however, you can sometimes use my FixParts program to convert an existing partition from primary to logical without the backup-delete-repartition-restore dance. Be aware that you must not convert some partitions from primary to logical. Windows boot partitions are particularly risky for this type of operation.

Another possibility entirely is that you're running into rounding problems in the partitioning software. The libparted library (upon which Ubuntu's installer, GParted, parted, and various other tools rely) will try to round the start and end points of partitions to 1MiB boundaries by default. If existing partitions are not aligned in this way, libparted may try adjusting the specified start point, thus moving it into an overlap with an existing partition. The program then responds with an "unable to satisfy all constraints" message. The solution in this case is to create your partitions with small gaps between the new partition(s) and existing ones. A 1MiB gap should be sufficient, but it's conceivable you'll need a 2MiB gap. Creating partitions with another tool, such as fdisk or gdisk, may help, too. Be aware of the reasons for 1MiB alignment, though. I wrote this article on the subject some time ago. (An update is in the works, but hasn't yet been published.)


How to control order of device loading during startup?

This may be of interest. Boot-Up Manager.

This App allows you to give priority to one process over another when loading.


How to disable automatic download of new podcast episodes in Rhythmbox?

Run Rhythmbox then Edit menu -- Preferences  -- Podcasts tab -- Check for new eposodes and select Manually.


Considering your last question about your laptop backlight, you don't need to compile the kernel to use the patch. You just need to add the PPA to your system's Software Sources.

htorque explained how to proceed in his comment :

  Just add the PPA to your system. Start a terminal and run sudo apt-add-repository ppa:kamalmostafa/linux-kamal-mjgbacklight, then sudo apt-get update and finally run the upgrade with sudo apt-get upgrade. As you can read in the above link to the PPA, you might need to add acpi_backlight=vendor to the linux-line of the grub entry for the new kernel (see the comments in this answer about how to add parameters to the kernel during boot).

The whole process is already detailed at the bottom of the page you linked.


System will not boot after reconfiguring keyboard-configuration and installing console-setup

After running this:

apt remove --purge console-setup
apt install console-setup
dpkg-reconfigure console-setup

failed log disappear and services was running.

Anyway after "Started Console Manager" nothing happened and I discovered in /var/log/apt/history.log that unity was uninstalled when I was installing console-common. After installing it with apt install unity system boot normally :)


SOLVED:
For most USB joysticks you can't just plug them in and use them as a mouse, you have to restart your computer with the joystick plugged in, the joystick SHOULD now work.


Replace Zorin by Ubuntu in dual booting system 2

Boot from Ubuntu Installation media.
Unmount any mounted drives if they exist.
Proceed to Step 4. Choose "Something else" and click "Continue"

The partition table will look like this:

Free some space for Ubuntu:

Select the Zorin OS drive (not the loader!).
Check "Format the partition" checkbox. and check the file correspondant system for Ubuntu
If you want, you can delete some partitions. This is done by clicking -"Change.." button. Do not delete Windows partition.

Now your partition table is ready to install Ubuntu in the Zorin partition after you format it, then you can continue the installation process after


/dev/sda is a disk, not a partition. A partition identifier contains a number, e.g. /dev/sda1. It looks like you have no partitions on your sda drive. You have to create at least one partition on the empty disk, format it and then mount.

There is a well-written guide at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingANewHardDrive mentioning all the options, just follow it carefully.


gvim produces error when hitting the close window

vim-gnome has this problem, but vim-gtk does not, so this is a quick fix for the problem:

sudo apt remove vim-gnome
sudo apt install vim-gtk


Try re-installing it, but first see if it's running by uploading something either from your phone, or use the website. If you don't see the notification that should be in the top right of your screen in a couple of seconds, go ahead and reinstall. It shouldn't touch any of your Dropbox folders.

One more thing: On update to 13.10, at least for me, it disabled the ppa's for some of my packages. Go into Settings > Software & Updates > Other Software and see if something's disabled that shouldn't be.

Try updating manually. Open up the terminal and type "sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade" to update.

I had 13.04 from scratch, then upgraded to 13.10 and added Dropbox the same day that 13.10 came out. I didn't have any problems, so just re-install maybe?

If the above doesn't work, and if you haven't already, do what any phone person would tell you; restart your computer. Try opening the terminal and doing a reset that way by typing "sudo shutdown -r now".


Lubuntu live CD boot drops to Busybox console

I fixed this by using http://www.dban.org/ to wipe the hard drive. Then I was able to boot the CD again.

Installed after removing the slideshow as described in that bug above. On reboot I got a kernel panic "not syncing:VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block". Still looking into what that could be


postgresql updated to 10 - but systemctl start postgresql starts 9.3

Looks like a specific systemctl start postgres@10-main works after the port has been fixed in /etc/postgres/10/main/postgresql.conf from 5435 to 5432 and vice versa with 9.3 conf. I'll import the old dbs, and apt remove postgres 9.3.

I presume everything will just work after that, right?

[edit]
Everything did just work after that.


Adult content filtering / dansguardian / scripting language / without decrypting ssl

use a language such as bash/php to grab the 'contents' of specific https sites like Twitter that the user has requested (i.e. not breaking SSL)

With HTTPS the full URL is encrypted and only the hostname is sent in clear inside the TLS handshake. This means to even get the URL first and thus to know what the user has requested you have to be a man in the middle for SSL.


Error trying to mount FreeBSD/UFS partition from FreeNAS

You need to get the bsd partition, that fdisk -l cant show you.

First:

$ dmesg|grep bsd

[    3.467958]  sde1: <bsd:bad subpartition - ignored
[    3.467959]  sde2: <bsd: sde5 >

Look after a partion, in this case sde5 seemed to be the one fore me.

Then:

$ sudo mount -t ufs -r -o ufstype=ufs2 /dev/sde5 ~/freebsd

The forum answer that got me on the right track


Unable to run any systemd services in WSL

cron is a systemd service which you can still run in WSL. See this answer as a guide for how you might setup your kubelet application:

How can I run services in WSL

To expand on this link, you can modify Windows startup to load WSL with the background services minimized:

WSL Tips: Starting Linux Background Services on Windows Login


How to fix `ubi-timezone failed with exit code 1` error?

You don't have enough RAM.
During the installation, no swap space is activated and if you run out of RAM programs crash.
Add more RAM and retry.


How do I fix ubuntu not booting after right after rebooting after installation?

I guess its something wrong with your bootloader...
Did you do custom partitioning?

This link should help you.
http://www.howtogeek.com/196740/how-to-fix-an-ubuntu-system-when-it-wont-boot/


Installing ubuntu 16.04 without losing data

First things first: backup, backup, backup!

Back up all of your important data to an external HDD. You could also dd the entire contents of your internal HDD to an external one if you want a complete 1:1 image of the HDD.

Warning! I take no responsibility if this fails and you lose your data because you failed to back it up!

Before you begin, run this command to find out your username:

whoami

Write the output down! (Also write down your password)

Now for reinstalling:

Download the Ubuntu 16.04 ISO
Burn the ISO to a DVD, or use the included Startup Disk Creator program to make a live USB drive.
Boot the install media you created in step #2
Choose to install Ubuntu
On the "installation type" screen, choose Something Else
Select Ubuntu system partition, and set its mount point as /. Be sure to keep the same format type, the same size, and untick the "Format" checkbox (else all data on "/" will be deleted!)
When you are asked to create your username and password, USE THE ONES YOU WROTE DOWN EARLIER!!! (Else loose your data)
After the installation finishes, follow the prompts to shutdown, and remove the installation media when it tells you to.
Reboot and cross your fingers.


Using my Samsung Galaxy S5 to repair Ubuntu

Open a text-only console by using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+F3.
At the login: prompt type your username and press Enter.
At the Password: prompt type your user password and press Enter.
Now you are logged in to a text-only virtual console, and you can run terminal commands from the console, and repair Ubuntu locally from the console without using your smartphone. To reboot the system from the virtual console run the command: sudo reboot. Press the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+F7 to exit from the console. In Ubuntu 17.10 and later press the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+F2 to exit from the virtual console.
Try reading the answers to My computer boots to a black screen, what options do I have to fix it?.
If you can't follow the answers to My computer boots to a black screen, what options do I have to fix it? you can reinstall Ubuntu from a DVD or USB flash drive by following the instructions in Reinstalling Ubuntu 13.10.
If you don't have an Ubuntu 14.04 live DVD or USB flash drive, there is an Android app called DriveDroid. DriveDroid allows you to boot your PC from ISO/IMG files stored on your phone. This is ideal for trying Linux distributions without the need to burn different CDs or USB pendrives. The DriveDroid application requires root.

DriveDroid also includes a convenient download menu where you can download USB images of a number of operating systems, including Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Xubuntu and Lubuntu, from your phone.


help picking filesystem for data array with ssd caching

I have decided to go with ZFS

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Reference/ZFS


Can't access shared folder from Virtual Machine

In Ubuntu, you need to add your username to the vboxsf group, using the adduser/addgroup command in terminal (sudo adduser <username> vboxsf), then logout and log back in, or reboot.


All of a sudden grub menu started showing

You need to make a small change in your /etc/default/grub file to fix this problem.

Open a terminal from the Unity dashboard and do the following commands...

gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub
find the line, near the top of the file, that looks like GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
change GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 to read GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
save and quit gedit
sudo update-grub
reboot


Ubuntu 12.04, xbmc, opengl, intel motherboard

When I needed to get my onboard Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express to work, I did the following:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-video-intel libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg
sudo update-alternatives --remove gl_conf /usr/lib/nvidia-current/ld.so.conf

This will remove any remnants of possible proprietary Nvidia driver stuff and install the necessary Intel drivers and the necessary OpenGL support.


Will I be able to switch to Gnome-Shell in 11.04?

About gnome-shell

gnome-shell is just a shell and not a new distribution or desktop environment.

The Desktop Environment is Gnome and gnome-shell the shell comes with version3 of Gnome Desktop Environment

Please don't confuse gnome-shell or unity with Window Manager too. Both of them are not window manager. For gnome-shell the WM is Mutter and for unity WM is Compiz.

Availability in Natty

With respect to availability of gnome-shell in Ubuntu, it won't be in 11.04. It is present in a PPA. There were some valid technical reasons for keeping it in a PPA. This bug discusses the issue Quoting from it

Due to the state of the GNOME3 stack in natty, we won't be able to
upgrade gnome-shell to 2.91.x. In addition, due to libraries that
have already changed, (Bug #685225 and Bug #677382), gnome-shell
is currently broken. We also have the xulrunner-2.0 transition to
consider. Due to all this, we believe it best to remove gnome-shell
from natty.

Also I found a mail titled Status update on GNOME3 and natty sent by Sebastian Bacher dated Jan 20th 2011. It contains a lot of status updates. Go through it.

Instructions for trying GNOME3 (and GNOME Shell) are at this question:

How do I install and use the latest version of GNOME?


Can I use 'axel' or 'aria2' to continue an interrupted 'wget' download?

Try aria2c -c url in the directory your partial file is located.


There are indeed a few test suites which get confused when you run them under fakeroot. You can disable fakeroot for those with something like that in debian/rules:

override_dh_auto_test:
            env -u LD_PRELOAD dh_auto_test

This is right if your test suite is simply "make check" and you use reasonably modern packaging. The gist is to unset $LD_PRELOAD.

However, please note that you can not rely on the system D-BUS running during package build. Init scripts and the like are usually disabled in build environments using policy-rc.d, so if your tests want a system bus they need to start one themselves (dbus-launch, and export DBUS_SYSTEM_BUS_ADDRESS=$DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS).


The correct one:

#!/bin/sh
#Name:gamer
#Date Created: 12/6/2015
#last modified: 12/8/2015
#Desc/Purpose: Updating and installing apps.
DATE=$(date -d "$1" +"%m_%d_%Y");
condition=y
while [ $condition = "y" ] || [ $condition = "Y" ]
do

clear

echo -n "Do you know how to Update OS"
read answer

if [ $answer = "y" ] || [ $answer = "Y" ]; then
    echo "Good update the os then."

elif [ $answer = "n" ]; then
    echo "would you like me to update it for you"
    read response
    if  [ $response = "y" ]; then
        echo "updating os!"
            sudo apt-get update os
    fi
fi
clear
echo -n "which app would you like to install"
read answer

if [ $answer = "y" ] || [ $answer = "Y" ]; then
        echo "A) Install Webmin"
        echo "B) Install Apache"
        echo "C) Install gnome shell"
        echo "D) get ubuntu desktop"
        echo "E) Add new user"
        echo "F) get Xubuntu Desktop"
        echo "G) Install openbox"
        echo "H) remove Libre office"
        echo "I) I don't want to install anything"
        read option

        case $option in
            A) sudo apt-get install webmin ;;
            B) sudo apt-get install apache ;;
            C) sudo apt-get install gnome-shell ;;
            D) sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop ;;
            E) sudo useradd ;;
            F) sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop ;;
            G) sudo apt-get install openbox ;;
            H) sudo apt-get remove --purge libreoffice* ;;
            I) echo "You can always do it later" ;;
            *) echo "Please select one of the options" ;;
        sac
fi
done


You need persistence.
Persistence is not only for user files but also for updates.
You can create persistence on a Mac
Download Unetbootin and create the liveUSB with it.
Installation doesn't replicate updates
When you use the liveUSB to install Ubuntu, it will not install the updates done in the live system.


First, the website says that the package depends on Python, twisted, and PyOpenCL. Python is probably already installed. However to make sure, run the following command:

sudo apt-get install python python-twisted python-pyopencl

You'll need to enter your root password.

Now, download the Source Code/Linux Release. You'll get a tarball, which is basically a package containing all the source files. Next, you need to untar (unpack) it. Use the following command:

tar xzf filename.tar.gz

where filename.tar.gz is the file you downloaded, which in this case is phoenix2-phoenix-v2.0.0-rc2-9-g2c83ee6.tar.gz.

After unpacking, it will create a folder containing the source files (in this case, phoenix2-phoenix-2c83ee6). Move into the folder using

cd phoenix2-phoenix-2c83ee6

Simply use the following command, and it'll take care of everything:

./setup.py

Note: If the installation fails, this might be due to unmet dependencies. In such a case, install the dependencies and try again.


Can/Should I upgrade my Linux kernel from Precise 12.04.2 to Raring 13.04?

The Raring kernel will be provided/backported at some point to 12.04. However testing and certification need to happen before this is available.

Since the kernel is usually a vital piece of a working system, unless you have a specific problem that a newer kernel will fix, you're probably better off waiting for it to come into 12.04 officially.

If you want to help testing that kernel and want to get your hands dirty, ping the ubuntu kernel team:

How do I communicate with the Ubuntu kernel team?

See also:

Quantal backported kernel in 12.04.2? What's going on there?


unable to install vim on docker's ubuntu container

Run the following command inside your container:

apt-get update
apt-get install vim


The weird ^M characters are representations of the carriage return (CR) character, because your pasted text includes Windows-style (CR-LF) line terminations (Unix uses plain LF). You can remove them using the dos2unix utility, or try either

sed -i 's/\r//' .vimrc

or

tr -d $'\r' < .vimrc > .vimrc_new

and then renaming .vimrc_new back to .vimrc. It's possible that the line terminations are preventing the .vimrc from being read properly, but there may be other issues.


Unable to install postgreSQL 9.6 in Ubuntu 18.04

After few months I had to erase and install from scratch, so in order to install postgresql 9.6 I followed next steps:

Important notes: If you have already installed postgresql 10 and you want 9.6, you need to remove postgresql 10 completely and then manually install postgresql 9.6, so follow method 2.

Method 1

Step 1

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ `lsb_release -cs`-pgdg main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list'

Step 2

wget -q https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc -O - | sudo apt-key add -

Step 3.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install postgresql-9.6

Method 2

In order to install postgres 9.6 having already postgres 10 or other version different from 9.6 installed, you need first to uninstall postgresql (any version and file related) completely following the next steps.

sudo apt-get --purge remove postgresql

dpkg -l | grep postgres (to look for postgresfiles in the system)

sudo rm -rf postgresql ... (remove all the files that appeared in the list after running the previous command)

Finally install manually postgreSQL with the next command:

sudo apt-get install postgresql-9.6

I hope it can help somebody that could have the same problem.


Unable to open "Cisco Anyconnect Secure mobility client" on my Ubuntu 18.04 LTS after the complete installation

I had the exactly same problem, the VPN was working but couldn't see the GUI, I found that is because of some missing dependency (libpangox-1.0-0 and libcanberra-gtk-module), try installing it:

sudo apt install libpangox-1.0-0 libcanberra-gtk-module

You may check if you need anything more or have other errors by running the UI executable, mine was installed on

/opt/cisco/anyconnect

You can run bin/vpnui and check what error you may have, hope it helps!


Terminal commands to hard shutdown and hard restart

NOTE: Save any working documents before running the below commands.

Terminal command for hard-shutdown,

sudo sh -c "echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger"

Terminal command for hard-restart,

sudo sh -c "echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger"


Just read about someone else having a similar issue and saw they were doing nvidia settings using

sudo nvidia-settings

I change it on that menu and it worked. How come xrandr doesn't work?


Problem upgrading from Ubuntu 10.04 to 10.10

I'm not sure if this will help anyone else but this is the process I had to go through ... and my thoughts as to why:

Backup all data
Unplug my external drive
Re-install a fresh 10.10
Copy data back

Every time I tried to install 10.10 with my external drive plugged in it would choose the external drive as the default install location.  I would change it to my internal drive and then install as normal.  However, after re-boot it would have the issues mentioned above.  On a lark I tried installing after unplugging the drive.  Everything worked out fine.

Thanks for the help everyone and I hope that this answer helps someone else.


How do I utilize the full power of the CPU? Why is its full power not used when needed?

Since you haven't provided your CPU model, I can only guess at which CPU you might have based on the clock speeds you provided. My best guess is you have an Intel Core i5 2300.

Assuming that is actually your CPU, the explanation is quite simple. As you can see on the Intel ARK website for the i5 2300, the CPU can only reach 3.1GHz by using Turbo Boost.

Turbo Boost is subject to some limitations, however:

The CPU will only turbo boost if the thermal situation permits
Only one core can turbo boost to 3.1GHz.

Thus, assuming that your thermals are okay, the reason that your CPU is not turbo boosting in your workload is because you are using all four cores; and because the CPU cannot turbo boost all four cores, the CPU is running at its max non-turbo frequency of 2.8GHz.


How can I run a shell script on session end?

What you need to do is create an Upstart job. Let us say your script for stopping VMs is available at /some/path/vagrant-stop.sh.

Depending on the exact nature of your VMs (are they run only when you're logged into a GUI, or are they run when the system starts up, etc.), you could use either a System job or a Session job. For the case where the VMs are run only when you're logged into a GUI, you can use a session job, a simple example of which I'll present here:

Create a file in ~/.config/upstart with a .conf extension (use your favourite editor):

vim ~/.config/upstart/stop-vms.conf

The content would be:

description "Give your task a description"
start on session-end

task

exec /some/path/vagrant-stop.sh

Run initctl check-config to see if there are any errors.

Now, you can stop your VMs with (pardon the phrasing):

start stop-vms

Upstart will automatically run this when you log out.


Which graphic driver are you using?
also check this link,it might solve your problem http://newtoubuntu.wordpress.com/2010/07/17/ubuntu-10-04-fixing-the-monitor-resolution-with-xrandr/


What is cp command with tilde in final part of destination?

The final tilde is just a part of the filename. This command should copy the file /etc/apt/sources.list to a new file with the name /etc/apt/sources.list~. However, if the second file existed before, it is possible that you don't see any changes.


Unable to start avd in Ubuntu 12.10 - permission denied

There are several solutions corresponding to your problems.

The correct SDK and tools are not installed. For this you need to go to the location where you have downloaded Android-SDK and start the android.sh. Then download required platform/build tools along with required files for any API.
 SDK tool is not getting execution rights. To solve this problem, navigate to the SDK location directory and type the following in your terminal.(as root if necessary).
chmod -R +x  Android-SDK
Replacing Android-SDK with the name of your SDK directory.

Note : Android is shutting down its project for eclipse support, so I suggest migrating to Android Studio as soon as possible. Check here for details.


Virtual Machine

Firstly, you would have to download Virtual Box, the latest version from here:
https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/5.2.8/VirtualBox-5.2.8-121009-Win.exe

Then install it, but you have to download the Linux Ubuntu .iso file. This is the file you use to install ubuntu. After you have installed Virtual Box, you would have to create a new Virtual Machine. There is a video that shows you how to do create a new Virtual Machine and set it up.The link is at the end.

Basically, when you install the Ubuntu on the Virtual Machine, you are installing it in part of your memory. If you have 1 terabyte, you have enough to choose from, though you do not need tons. You decide that.
You can decide the RAM memory used by the Virtual Machine when it is on (all these settings can be edited later on) and the file.

I would download the latest version of Ubuntu (17.10), from the official website: https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop

Here is the link to the video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGorVpzZQwA

Hope this helps.


AltGr button selects the input field content

The permanent Workaround is to select input method "None" in system option ▸ languages ▸ Keyboard Input system.

This does not have a negative impact if you don't need interactive keyboard input like it is necessary for chinese and other scripts.

Source: longstanding unity bug report https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity/+bug/1484157


can you try it with a regular keyboard?

if it persists with a regular keyboard its a software issue and I have no clue

but if its just that keyboard well then you need a new keyboard. I recommend a mechanical one since it will last and give you tactile feed back for many years to come.


Not able to enable pdo_mysql extension or not able to install

Thanks for your help, i have resolved issue.

I have executed below commands in terminal.

sudo a2dismod php7.0
sudo a2enmod php5.6
sudo apt-get install php5.6-mysql
sudo service apache2 restart

Thanks,


Ubuntu 18.04 freezes in the splash screen

Lets first check your file system for errors.

For 17.10 or older...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

For 18.04 or newer... (or if the above steps don't work for you)...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in “Try Ubuntu” mode
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot


neither python 3 nor python 2 works well on ubuntu 18.04 with repo?

After you have run the command under python2, there will be an update of the repo script available, capable of handling python3.  Its location is .repo/repo/repo, with respect to the directory where you executed the command.  Change your python version back to python3 and, in that folder, run :
.repo/repo/repo -u https://github.com/anbox/platform_manifests.git -b anbox

If not set, first set your git name and email or you run into new errors.


The following packages have been kept back

Solved it!

sudo apt full-upgrade && sudo apt autoremove