Installing and testing CUDA in Ubuntu 14.04

I got Cuda6 working on Lubuntu 14.04. This already had build-essentials installed, so if you're using a fresh install, you should probably install it:

apt-get install build-essential

Download the cuda6 run package (6.0.37 at the current time of writing) to ~/Downloads:

Open up a terminal and extract the separate installers via:

mkdir ~/Downloads/nvidia_installers;
cd ~/Downloads
./cuda_6.0.37_linux_64.run -extract=~/Downloads/nvidia_installers;

(I tried running the .run file directly, but it kept screwing up my Xorg install and would never let X run. I believe it is a config issue between driver versions: those installed by apt-get nvidia-331-updates and the cuda*.run driver.)

Completely uninstall anything in the Ubuntu repositories with nvidia-*. I used synaptic and did a purge, AKA completely uninstall programs and configuration.

sudo apt-get --purge remove "nvidia-*"

Have these instructions handy as we need to kill X install the driver.
Press  CTL  + ALT + F1 to drop to the physical terminal and log in.

cd ~/Downloads/nvidia_installers;
sudo service lightdm stop
sudo killall Xorg
sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-331.62.run

Accept the EULA and install the driver. I would recommend letting it update Xorg config files.

After that installer finishes, turn on the nvidia module and install CUDA.

sudo modprobe nvidia
sudo ./cuda-linux64-rel-6.0.37-18176142.run
sudo ./cuda-samples-linux-6.0.37-18176142.run

test if the drivers are working by going to your sample directory

cd /usr/local/cuda/samples
sudo chown -R <username>:<usergroup> .
cd 1_Utilities/deviceQuery
make .
./deviceQuery

Worked for me at this point.
Now restart X

sudo service lightdm start

You should be able to do

lsmod | grep nv

and see a line with nvidia listed.
Don't forget to log back out of your physical terminal if it all worked.

APPENDIX

In my case it was necessary to add the folder that contains the executable to your $PATH.

One way of doing it is to edit the ~/.bashrc file in your Home folder.
Add a line to your .bashrc (modify the location if you changed the default CUDA installation folder)

  export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-6.0/bin:$PATH

Save the file and then source your .bashrc by typing

source .bashrc

when in your home folder.


script to open terminal with multiple tabs and different directories

You could write a set of scripts and call each one per tab, like so:

gnome-terminal --tab-with-profile=BLAH --working-directory=/usr  -e "bash -c 'echo HELLO; bash'"   \
      --tab-with-profile=CRT --working-directory=/bin -e "bash -c 'echo WORLD; bash'"

Note the use of bash at the end in case you need interacting


How do I quickly navigate to a full path using the "Files" program?

Not "with a couple clicks" but you can do that by pressing Ctrl+L keys.

This combination would show the address-bar where you can put the path and then press Enter to open the directory.

You can also show the address-bar from the GUI (look for something like "enter location" option).


Assumptions: Installing from usb 2.0 port and running on an ATI graphics card. For Bios i had iommu enabled and usb legacy support on

Possible Bios factors to consider: iommu, usb legacy settings and keyboard mouse port emulation settings?

Power on the computer and spam the key needed to access the boot menu which in my case is F12 and select the boot device. Note: in more modern motherboards two options may appear with one containing something about UEFI in which case I had problems with and would urge against in this situation.

Momentarily a screen will appear with an icon of a keyboard at the bottom, press the down arrow key when seen however spamming the down arrow key beforehand may be wise. Choose your language and Enter then press F6 and arrow key select nomodeset then back out of the menu and choose to either install ubuntu or try out ubuntu.

In my case after installation my graphics card was not running properly so i had two things to do. I sudo nano /etc/default/grub and found the line containing GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="nomodeset" and removed nomodeset

Next i went to system settings>software updates checkmarked proprietary drivers for devices (restricted) then closed the window to reload. Navigating back to that window I select the Additional Drivers tab to install proprietary drivers then revert back to open source.

END Notes: There are other methods for moving around this process such as manually editing the grub boot options at grub pressing e on the selected target. Or a similar method but dfferent work around here manipulating boot parameters to launch things such as "noninteractive" mode which would not start X. But the method I choose is in my opinion quicker and more fool-proof. I hope this was helpful and successful.


Unable to install Ubuntu on Acer Aspire ES1-533

The problem can be solved as follows:

Boot Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in testing mode and open terminal
Run installation process without installing bootloader by:

sudo ubiquity -b

Press Continue testing after installation is over.
Mount newly installed file system on /mnt:

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo mkdir /mnt/boot/efi
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done

(where sda2 is the root partition and sda1 is the EFI system partition)

Load efivars by:

sudo modprobe efivars

Reinstall grub-install for a 64-bit version

sudo apt-get install --reinstall grub-efi-amd64
sudo grub-install --no-nvram --root-directory=/mnt

Change root to /mnt and update grub

sudo chroot /mnt
update-grub

Move and rename the installed bootloader

cd /boot/efi/EFI
cp -R ubuntu/* BOOT/
cd BOOT
cp grubx64.efi bootx64.efi

Reboot the system.

Further details can be found here:

Acer community discussion


How do I get the brightness control working on an HP 6735s?

Give this a try:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2139397&p=12621502&viewfull=1#post12621502
look at the kernel boot parameters
the file to edit is /etc/default/grub
after editing run sudo update-grub and reboot
to edit the file use gksu [leafpad/gedit/mousepad/geany/scite] /etc/default/grub[leafpad/gedit/mousepad/geany/scite] is a list of names, if i wanted gedit i would do this:
gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub


CURL is needed for rvm, specifically it is used for the installer script (which is made to be 'run everywhere'), and since Mac doesn't ship with wget but does with curl, they use curl.

From CURL man page

  curl  is  a tool to transfer data from or to a server, using one of
  the supported protocols (DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, HTTP, HTTPS,
  IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP,LDAPS, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMTP,
  SMTPS, TELNET and TFTP).  The command is designed to work without user
  interaction.

You can install it by sudo apt-get install curl


Can the 'cat' command be used to concatenate or merge multiple vcf files into one?

If with vcf files you mean vCard files, the resulting file works with OS X's Address Book. My guess is that it should work with any application.

If you do it with cat *.vcf > all.vcf, you will not overwrite your original files.


Brightness is reset to Maximum on every Restart in Ubuntu 13.10

Download the master branch of Brightness Controller from GitHub as a .zip file.

Now extract the downloaded zip file.
Head on to /src folder.
Open a Terminal
Run python path/to/brightness.py

Now you can control your brightness using your mouse.

This was submitted to Ubuntu Software Center but still hasn't been approved for Ubuntu 13.10. We will also make a .deb package soon. An older version of Brightness Controller is available in its website in Debain package format.


You might be able to use live text overlays. Basically, your STT software feeds into the translator which feeds into something that displays text live to the screen. I can think of an efficient (?) way to do this.

Create a file for your translation software to write text into. (In this demo, it's called translated.txt
Set your translation software to output things line-by-line to this file. Optionally, make it so each newline has a > and the language in front of it, like so:

  Input text: Hello World!
  Output text: BT> Smit Binuid! (where BT is the language double-code (Besten-Tram, a language I just made up)

Now use a terminal with tail -f translated.txt. The terminal output will follow the text, displaying it as it's placed into the file live. Resize the terminal to something better, and then change colors if need be.


how to run "sudo make" and sudo "make install"

The error messages show missing make gcc etc.
Install the build-essential meta-package to get the development tools.

sudo apt-get install build-essential


Integrated iSight camera on Apple Cinematic Display does not work with ubuntu 20.04

Since the display is connecting through USB-C, it's probably a Thunderbolt display.  To use the camera integrated into the Thunderbolt display I have, I needed to authorize it first.
First, find the device UUID:
$ boltctl list
 ● Apple Thunderbolt Display
   ├─ type:          peripheral
   ├─ name:          Thunderbolt Display
   ├─ vendor:        Apple, Inc.
   ├─ uuid:          204f6800-0100-0100-ffff-ffffffffffff
   ├─ status:        connected
   │  ├─ domain:     c5030000-0092-9088-a0b0-150c24127020
   │  └─ authflags:  none
   ├─ connected:     Fri 25 Sep 2020 08:02:57 PM
   └─ stored:        no

The UUID is the long hexadecimal string on the "uuid" line.
Next, enroll the display:
$ boltctl enroll 204f6800-0100-0100-ffff-ffffffffffff

You'll be prompted for your password, and then the webcam should show up on the list of cameras.
If you don't want the authorization preserved after you unplug the device, use boltctl authorize <uuid> instead. If boltctl isn't on your machine, install it with sudo apt install bolt.


shell script for connect server through ssh terminal?

You could use gnome-terminal to open up new terminal or new tabs

#!/bin/bash
#
# The following command open new windows
#
gnome-terminal -e "ssh test@192.168.2.1"
gnome-terminal -e "ssh test@192.168.2.3"
gnome-terminal -e "ssh test@192.168.2.5"
#
# The following command open new tabs
#
gnome-terminal --tab -e "ssh test@192.168.2.1" --tab -e "ssh test@192.168.2.3"

Another solution will be using the screen command, an example of this when it's written in a shell script:

#!/bin/bash
# Create a detached screen name with "node1"
screen -d -m -S node1
# Create a detached screen name with "node3"
screen -d -m -S node3
# Start another screen within node1
screen -S node1 -X screen
# Execute your command in the screen instance of node1
screen -S node1 -p 0 -X exec ssh test@192.168.2.1
# Same as above
screen -S node3 -X screen
screen -S node3 -p 0 -X exec ssh test@192.168.2.3

After finished running this script, you could open the screen instance that you just created with screen -r node1, for more about the screen command please refer to Screen User's Manual.

Reference:

shell script - open a new tab in terminal
bash script to open 1 screen session with multiple windows?


Does anyone know how I can set the safe-volume for headphone in KDE?

Alsa is the underlying control for all of the sound on your computer.

The alsamixer command can adjust all of the "gains" on each of the sound devices. It's a command line command and it will present a visual picture.


How to install mysql V8 in ubuntu 16.04?

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.10-1_all.deb
dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.10-1_all.deb

apt-get update
apt-get install mysql-server

With images: https://www.percona.com/blog/2018/05/14/installing-mysql-8-on-ubuntu-16-04-lts/


Create a script that starts emacs with -nw flag, e.g. /usr/local/bin/emacs-nw.

#!/bin/sh

emacs -nw "$@"

Install it with update-alternatives --install.

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/editor editor /usr/local/bin/emacs-nw 2

Configure editor to be your new script.

sudo update-alternatives --set editor /usr/local/bin/emacs-nw


Disable shutdown confirmation ubuntu 20.04

You can disable the shutdown and logout dialogs by running:
gsettings set org.gnome.SessionManager logout-prompt false

Note that with this setting your computer will be immediately shut down when you press Power Off..., so you won't be able to use Power Off... to reboot. You can, however, run reboot in a terminal to reboot your computer.
To revert the setting run:
gsettings set org.gnome.SessionManager logout-prompt true


How to configure Ubuntu to accept magick packets?

You want this page : https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WakeOnLan

Wireless connections typically don't work ; wired connections work over a wireless ethernet bridge in my experience.


Location for SSL certificates, how to secure them?

It might make more sense to have something like nginx in front of your app, in this case. The setup would look like:

Certificates in some place, not in your webroot, with the key only readable by root.
Nginx configured to listen on ports 80 and 443, loading the certificate and key as root.
Nginx will proxypass traffic to your node app listening on some other port (say 127.0.0.1:8080), which itself will run as a non-root user.

This way, the node app:

never sees the certificate key
can never serve it even if requested to, since the key is readable only by root
and so even if an attacker managed to access an arbitrary file or get shell access, they won't be able to access the key without getting a privilege escalation on top.

(As a bonus, you can then use certbot to get Let's Encrypt certificates automatically, and it will configure nginx to use them for you.)


Wrap it to make a compound command:

{ echo Merry && echo Christmas;} | pastebinit

In general, to pipe the output of multiple commands in sequence to another command, do:

{ cmd1; cmd2; ...;} | cmd

or

(cmd1; ... ) | cmd


grep -qP '[^\x00]' ...; echo $?

The -q flag tells grep to return 0 as soon as it sees a non-null byte ([^\x00]). Otherwise it returns 1. This gives a speed benefit for positive matches.

For example, reading 100 million random bytes, then 100 million zero bytes:

$ time head -c 100000000 /dev/urandom | grep -qP '[^\x00]'; echo $?

real    0m0.007s
user    0m0.000s
sys     0m0.004s
0
$ time head -c 100000000 /dev/zero | grep -qP '[^\x00]'; echo $?

real    0m4.281s
user    0m4.120s
sys     0m0.268s
1


Ubuntu Desktop 14.04.1 Installation: Partition Sizes for 32Gb of Free Space

Having a swap area is always a good idea. In short, it's good for memory-consuming programs, as well as hibernation and memory optimization. You should see the "Why do I need swap?" part of the SwapFaq for a more detailed explanation.

As for splitting up the partition - I don't know of any benefit for booting, but it is a good approach. The reason for that is that in case anything goes wrong - you can always just format and re-install Ubuntu cleanly withouth losing any of your actual data - you just format the root / and re-point /home to the home partition.

I can account that this setup saved me once (even though the initial screw-up was my fault). However, with only 32GB I wouldn't recommend it, as the system partition should have at least 20-25GB of free space on its own.


Try to set nomodeset, I had the same problem with 14.04 on an older laptop. That fixed it for me.


Media library management and video bookmarks

VLC Media Player is able to do 1. and 2.. When you show the video/audio track in the playlist, right click on it and then click on "Information" (4th option from the top). A popup to edit the track datas (name, comment, album, artist...) will be displayed.

For 3., Clementine Media Player can do that for audio files. It gets search capabilities for this. It can also edit audio files (1. and 2.). For this, right click on an audio track, and then click on "Edit track information". You can also do this with the Ctrl + E keyboard shortcut. Clementine is also able to complete tags automatically with its tag fetcher. For this, right click on the track and then click on "Fetch tags" (or something like that). You can also use the Ctrl + T keyboard shortcut for this.


Whether it is Ubuntu, Mint, or Opensuse ibus is not properly configured to take certain customized Indian language based IM Engines. Ex: Kannada tables. Ibus identifies the tables and their icons, enlist them but not commit to anchor them to system-tray. Unless anchored on the system-tray keying is disaster. but I switched to SCIM and Fcitx. Even SCIM is better than Fcitx for adapting kannada language keying.


I can't compile a C++ program with the g++ command

Try this

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install build-essential


Update Launcher for Intellij IDEA in Ubuntu

To update the launcher when you upgrade IntelliJ:

Close all OLD Intellij instances
Remove OLD Intellij shortcut from launcher (right click -> Unlock from launcher)
Run

rm ~/.local/share/applications/jetbrains-idea.desktop
rm ~/.gnome/apps/jetbrains-idea.desktop
sudo rm /usr/local/bin/idea
sudo rm /usr/share/applications/jetbrains-idea.desktop

Open NEW Intellij by going to NEWIntellij home dir and running bin/idea.sh
Tools -> Create desktop entry
Lock new icon to launcher (right click -> lock to launcher)

If the launcher icon won't remain after closing Intellij

rm ~/.local/share/applications/jetbrains-idea.desktop
Open Intellij -> Tools -> Create desktop entry
Right click on Intellij launcher icon -> lock to launcher


Grub command line is the only thing that shows after starting my laptop

On problems of marrying GRUB with the Win8 loader (not same thing as the Vista/7 loader) Windows 8 removes Grub as default boot manager

On the problem of loading Win8: burn a recovery CD on any Win8 machine, then use it to restore Win8 boot.


Dual boot grub loader 'system setup' option broke everything

I'm not sure if you're talking about UEFI Boot Order or simply grub boot order. It is because Grub does not include a system setup entry but UEFI Boot Order does. By the way you can use followings to change boot preferences in Grub and UEFI.

Change Boot Preferences in Grub

Edit /etc/default/grub

Find following:

GRUB_DEFAULT=0

Replace it with following

GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
Run following command(This assume that grub entry for Ubuntu is named 'Ubuntu', if has some other name, use that)

$ sudo grub-set-default 'Ubuntu'
Run following command to update/save grub changes

$ sudo update-grub

Change Boot Preferences in UEFI

First become super user by using command sudo su
Now list all UEFI Boot Entries by following command

efibootmgr

For me, it shows following output

BootCurrent: 0000
BootOrder: 0003, 0000
Boot0000: Ubuntu
Boot0003: Windows Boot Manager

It clearly shows that I have 0000 for Ubuntu, 0003 for Windows and my boot order is 0003, 0000 so Windows get first preference. I have to load Ubuntu manually from Boot Menu.

Note down the 'Boot Number' of 'Ubuntu EFI Boot Entry' and observe all other's numbers. These can be 0000,0001,0002 etc. Just note boot number not the prefix Boot. You have to use these to explicitly change boot order as below.
Use following command to change boot order. Here use those boot numbers in sequence to change order. You should type Ubuntu's number first if you want to make that default.

efibootmgr -o 0003 0000

Use your own boot numbers in above, I've used 0003 0000 as example

It say, change efi boot order(-o specifies order) to 0003 0000 that mean load Ubuntu(0003) by default.
Confirm if boot order has changed by issuing efibootmgr command again and restart.


How to copy files to multiple hosts across the network?

I realise you probably only want something simple but there are dozens of ways of doing this. But first we want to be able to control all the computers at once.

That might seem a strange direction to go but it'll save you time later on when you might want to send a shutdown, reboot, upgrade to all the computers.

clusterssh

Let's install clusterssh and fire off a command to connect to all our servers at once (this might not be viable for 200 at once - I don't have 200 computers to test it on!)

sudo apt-get install clusterssh
cssh user@first_computer:port user@second_computer:port ...

That will spawn little output windows for each connection (why I say 200 might be a stretch) and one global input dialogue. From there you can send the same command to all your servers.

If you want to do it from the command line, and this might support 200 connections, you can look at the -a flag for cssh. You can throw each server a command (or string of commands). It'll connect, execute and close the connection.

cssh -a 'cd directory; ls'  user@first_computer:port user@second_computer:port

You can simplify your connections by using clusterssh's powerful configuration. Open man cssh and head down to the FILES section. It explains how you can create an /etc/clusters file to allow you to quickly create groups (called tags) like this:

clusters = <tag1> <tag2> <tag3>
<tag1> = host1 host2 host3
<tag2> = user@host4 user@host5 host6
<tag3> = <tag1> <tag2>

Then you can do:

cssh -T 'tag2' -a 'cd directory; ls'

Use a central repository

I don't mean a deb repo (but that's possible too, I guess) rather something like git or brz. It could be something as simple as a web server or a network share. If network bandwidth has bottlenecks in places, something like a torrent server might even be the best course (that's how Facebook updates all their nodes)

Tell your network to download the files

From here it's just connecting the dots. Using cssh you'd just tell all your computers to fetch the file and do whatever needs doing with it.

I suggest you start small. Get the file shared and then try a simple cluster of a couple of computer and see how it goes. Expand that out.

I suggest that even once you're done you keep a cluster of a couple of computers for testing before you push things to the main group.


Netbook can not shutdown in Ubuntu 12.10

I have this problem too. It appeared after updating my system and adding a new user. I didn't know the solution yet, but I can give you advise to shut down with a command in terminal:

sudo shutdown -h now

In any way, it is not so harsh, as you do.


To switch to non-GUI/Terminal mode press

CTRL+ALT+F1

F2,F3andF4 also works

TO switch back to GUI mode press

CTRL+ALT+F7

Or sometimes
CTRL+ALT+F8


Your Mac needs the grub-efi installed (with rEFIt), otherwise ubuntu starts with bios and then cannot recognize more than one core


Installed 16.10 now the whole thing is buggy.

Create a LiveCD for 16.04 using either UnetBootin (which is cross-platform), and/or Rufus, which is Windows only. Be sure to utilize the correct image for your CPU architecture (64-bit=AMD64, 32-bit=i386, etc.).

After you have burned the disk image to either a CD or USB, boot the LiveCD by pressing F1, F8, F9, etc.-whichever button allows you to bring up your BIOS boot options.

Once you boot the LiveCD, I recommend you click "Try Ubuntu", access your internal hard drive, and transfer any needed data off of it.

After that, install GParted (be sure to not reboot, as a LiveCD will not retain your data), and wipe the internal disk. It is generally recommended to format it as Ext4.

After doing this, you can either reboot into the Live disk, or simply double click "Install Ubuntu" on the Live Disk desktop.

The UbuntuInstaller is, in essence, the "Install Ubuntu" part of a LiveCD.


PulseAudio doesn't load "module-echo-cancel" after restarting

There is a man page for default.pa, which says:

The  PulseAudio  sound  server  interprets  a  configuration  script on startup, which is mainly used to define the set  of  modules  to  load.
When  PulseAudio  runs  in  the  per-user  mode and ~/.config/pulse/default.pa exists, that file is used. When PulseAudio runs  in  the  per-user  mode  and that file doesn't exist, /etc/pulse/default.pa is used.
When PulseAudio runs as a system service, /etc/pulse/system.pa is used.

This suggest you might try duplicating your load module in /etc/pulse/system.pa
It seems like it might be loading as a system service when you reboot your computer, but in per-user mode when you run pulseaudio -k.  Therefore, if you move the line to the system-wide settings, it should available from reboot or after a -k.


Moved some files and they're no longer found

Check the /var directory, and if you know one of the file names you can also try

>$ locate filename

If command locate is not installed install it as follows:

>$ sudo apt update
>$ sudo install mlocate

The database is update once daily by using a cron script but you can update it manually using

>$ sudo updatedb


Create WPAD and PAC configuration files for branch proxy configurations

Did you ever receive an answer?

Try something like this:

function FindProxyForURL(url, host) {
// Proxy variables
var PROXY1 = "PROXY 172.16.51.254:8080"
var PROXY2 = "PROXY 172.16.8.254:8080"
var BLACKHOLE = "PROXY 127.0.0.1:8080"  //Deny Internet access by using localhost as proxy
var CLIENTIP = myIpAddress();
var resolved_ip = dnsResolve(host);

if (
    isInNet(resolved_ip, "10.0.0.0", "255.0.0.0") ||
    isInNet(resolved_ip, "172.16.0.0", "255.240.0.0") ||
    isInNet(resolved_ip, "192.168.0.0", "255.255.0.0") ||
    isInNet(resolved_ip, "127.0.0.0", "255.0.0.0")
)
return "DIRECT";

if (
    isInNet(CLIENTIP,"172.16.51.0","255.255.255.0")  //If CLIENTIP falls in range
)
return PROXY1;  //return specific proxy

if (
    isInNet(CLIENTIP,"172.16.8.0","255.255.255.0")//If CLIENTIP falls in range
)
return PROXY2;  //return specific proxy

return BLACKHOLE; //If all of the above fails return blackhole proxy, e.g. deny internet access

}


How to set environment variable for MCR in Ubuntu

The reason is that setenv is a *csh (e.g. tcsh) built in for setting environmental variables. There are different "shells" -- that is, programs which provide you with a command line, and they have different syntax. Most Linux distributions come with a pre-installed shell called bash, in which setting environmental variables requires a different syntax.

In bash, try

export PATH=$PATH:/what/ever/path/v7.17

(export is usually unnecessary unless the PATH variable has not been set yet, which normally is not the case)

Alternatively, install tcsh (sudo apt-get install tcsh), start tcsh from the command line and enter your original command.

Update: the next error in line is that a shared library is missing. Probably you need to set up an environmental variable, $LD_LIBRARY_PATH, to point to where this library is. Find the directory where matlab keeps its shared libraries, and do

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path/to/the/matlab/lib/directory/

Also, please take a look at this question (first hit when you google for "shared library libmwi18n.so is not found"): https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10972819/mcr-libmwi18n-so-file-missing


Getting newest ubuntu ISO on a filesize-capped network

MinimalCD (Network installer)
You can use Ubuntu minimal installer, it's around "50 MB", so you can easily download it and start your installation, the installer will download all necessary parts separately. As you know Ubuntu packages do not come with huge size, they are pretty small, so you can do your installation without any problem and limitation. more information about MinimalCD.

zsync
If you already have an old iso and are running an Ubuntu or other GNU/Linux distribution, you can convert it to your desired version useing zsync. it downloads only the parts of a file that are changed. So it's not  going to download a one big file and you will be fine with this method I guess. for more information about zsync have a look at here.

Jigdo
Jigdo is somehow similar to zsync.

It can be used to efficiently download daily alternate CD builds or update existing alternate .iso images without the need to re-download the entire CD image.

Jigdo help

Alternatively you can remotely upload the Ubuntu ISO on a file server, then zip it in multi-parts and download that parts separately.
However if your network file size capacity is really restricted none of them may work for you.


How to check if my Ubuntu system is doing ok

I've had this same issue several times on different machines. In every single case, it turned out to be some combination of:

clogged cooling fins
old dried thermal paste between the CPU and cooling fins

You can clean the fins out with compressed air. You can by kits to refresh (clean, and re-apply) the thermal paste.


Is switching to Raster graphic system speeding up KDE4?

From the Kubuntu Forums (A Lighter, Faster (?) Plasma):

http://kubuntuforums.net/forums/index.php?topic=3105059.0
http://kubuntuforums.net/forums/index.php?topic=3117230.0

There could be problems with the KDE4 installation on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS.

With the older KDE/Qt:

Could increase the RAM consumption.
Can cause "havoc" with the intel drivers.
There were some issues with plasma-netbook, kwin and rekonq.
Openoffice won't start unless you set QT_GRAPHICSSYSTEM=native.

With the Kubuntu Oneiric (11.10) the raster system is the default.


How do I fix loud fan noise and heat on my Sony Vaio?

I would recommend you TLP for advanced power management. It can be configured and finetuned in many ways. By default, it is optimized mainly for good battery life when running on battery (which also means less heat and fan noise), but battery mode can be enabled manually or you can configure it how you want. Look at this answer on askubuntu for details how to use it.


Typing Persian (Farsi) replaces some characters with dashes

why My question removed ? My Problem is fixed By this solution :

Open Libre-office
go to Tools>Options>Language settings>Languages
change Locate setting to Farsi
then Change CTL to Farsi
this problem is fixed . Enjoy!

Please don't Delete Questions !


Try starting Firefox from the command line to see info on what's going on during startup.  In particular, you might want to use firefox -safe-mode to see if you get a fast startup that way.  If so, then it's probably an add-on causing the delay.

Incidentally, since someone else has suggested that a slow startup is somehow normal for Firefox, let me point out that Firefox is known to have a fast startup on 11.10.  At least, according to this Tom's Hardware testing, it beat Chrome and Opera when loading one tab.  Personally, I find the startup very swift on Precise beta2.


gedit bug (?) on replacing newline character

Gedit simply interprets the \n as newline character, which is correct and useful in my opinion, because it allows you to replace something with real line breaks.

To stop that and replace something with \n literally, you have to escape the backslash with another backslash and type \\n instead in the "Replace with" text field.


Disable the second graphics card. In our setup this had a massive impact on performance and stability


Cmake code for Linux comes with cmake-gui, but it is not built by default. One can open bootstrap file, scroll down and set:

cmake_bootstrap_qt_gui="1"

After that run bootstrap, make and make install again.


Where can I find a complete reference for the $PS1 variable?

References
So far, there hasn't been a single reference for everything that can go in a Bash prompt - but as it's a feature that has evolved over decades and probably varies from distro to distro, maybe that's too much to ask. I've tried to summarise what I found most useful here.
This how-to is the most complete, but is very long and rambling. Some of the more useful sections:

Section 2.4 and 2.5 explain the basics of setting PS1, including the (printable) escape characters.
Section 3.4 explains why \[ and \] are necessary.
Section 6 explains all the main (non-printable) escape sequences you might want to use, including setting the colour of the prompt and the title of an xterm window.

This guide explains how ${} works in Bash in general, and this Ask Ubuntu question explains a bit more about how that works with debian_chroot.
Between those, I think every character in the default Ubuntu PS1 variable is explained.
Explanation of the Ubuntu prompt
There are three parts to the prompt:

\[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\] sets the title bar of an xterm window:

\[ starts a section of non-printable characters
\e]0; is the escape sequence for 'set xterm title' (I believe numbers other than 0 will set other xterm properties, though I haven't tested this)
\u@\h: \w the title to use (see below for \u, \h and \w)
\a marks the end of the title
\] marks the end of non-printable characters

${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)} expands to the value of $debian_chroot in parentheses if $debian_chroot is set. See this question for more information about $debian_chroot.

\u@\h:\w\$ is the prompt itself:

\u expands to the current username
\h expands to the current hostname
\w expands to the current working directory
\$ expands to # for root and $ for all other users


unable to install anything that depends upon spamassassin. Cant even install spamassasin

Problem seems to be solved. I did apt-get install --purge spamassassin after stopping the service.


Installed "Windows Wireless Drivers" but Cannot launch it. It does not show up in the Dash Search

I haven't used ndiswrapper in many years, but here's what I found:

$ apt-cache search ndiswrapper
...
ndisgtk - graphical frontend for ndiswrapper (installation of Windows WiFi drivers)

That is probably the package you need.

If that is the package you installed, look for the executable by running:

dpkg -L ndisgtk | grep /usr/bin

Then run /usr/bin/whatever.


Ubuntu does not recognize Killer wireless 1535 and ethernet e2400 in Alienware 2015

I found the patch on linux-next.git to get the ethernet going with source code from the 3.19 kernel

To get the ethernet going download https://www.dropbox.com/s/auk1g82st3yoy4d/alx.tar.gz?dl=0 and transfer it to the Ubuntu desktop.  Then in terminal
cd Desktop
tar zxvf alx.tar.gz
cd alx
cp /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/Module.symvers Module.symvers
make -C /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build M=$(pwd) modules
sudo cp alx.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/atheros/alx/
sudo modprobe alx
echo alx | sudo tee -a /etc/modules

The wifi solution is likely https://askubuntu.com/a/707805/300665

After following the instructions from chili555, please edit your question to include dmesg | grep ath10k


Disable Detect Refresh Rate, and Sync To Vblank

Install CompizConfig
SettingsManager by running the
following command in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
Launch it by searching from the dash
in Unity, or find it under
Preferences > CompizConfig Settings Manager in Ubuntu Classic.
Click on the Composite tab, and
un-check Detect refresh rate.

Click on the OpenGL tab, and
un-check Sync to Vblank.

Install drivers for your Graphics Processing Unit

Open Additional Drivers by
searching from the dash    in Unity,
or find it under    Administration >
Additional Drivers in Ubuntu Classic.
Install/Activate any available
drivers for your GPU.


Ubuntu on new PC with not-yet-configured Windows 7

You should be fine just booting from the Ubuntu Live DVD/USB and installing as if the machine had an empty hard disk.  Select a custom install, and use the partitioning tool to create a new partition table (which will erase everything on the hard disk), create your desired partition layout, and continue the installation.  Or, select "Install using the entire hard disk" which will automatically do the same thing, with Ubuntu's default hard disk layout.


How do I set up GRUB to display on 2 monitors?

GRUB displays on the monitor that is given to it by the hardware and as far as I know it can only be one at that point in the boot process.

Your laptop might have a function button that lets you choose the output a bit more easily for when you don't have the extra monitor attached and it may even default back to the laptop display if it doesn't see an external monitor. The only way to really know though is to give it a try.


How to list all the packages which are installed from PPAs?

The following command returns the package name and its ppa (if installed from a ppa):

apt-cache policy $(dpkg --get-selections | grep -v deinstall$ | awk '{ print $1 }') | perl -e '@a = <>; $a=join("", @a); $a =~ s/\n(\S)/\n\n$1/g;  @packages = split("\n\n", $a); foreach $p (@packages) {print "$1: $2\n" if $p =~ /^(.*?):.*?500 http:\/\/ppa\.launchpad\.net\/(.*?)\s/s}'

Details:

dpkg --get-selections gives only the installed packages after grep -v deinstall$
awk '{ print $1 }' returns only the package name
perl -e '@a = <>; $a=join("", @a)' concatenates all the lines returned by apt-cache policy
$a =~ s/\n(\S)/\n\n$1/g; adds a newline between each package section
@packages = split("\n\n", $a); is a perl array containing all the packages infos, one package per item.
foreach $p (@packages) {print "$1: $2\n" if $p =~ /^(.*?):.*?500 http:\/\/ppa\.launchpad\.net\/(.*?)\s/s} is a loop where the package and the ppa are printed if a ppa with prio 500 is found in the policy.


iwlwifi-8000C-33.ucode failed and iwlwifi-8000C-32.ucode failed

There are no iwlwifi-8000C-33.ucode and iwlwifi-8265-33.ucode yet while it tries to load them.  The latest in /lib/firmware/ are iwlwifi-8000C-31.ucode and iwlwifi-8265-31.ucode

B250C:~$ modinfo iwlwifi
filename:       /lib/modules/4.13.0-26-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/iwlwifi.ko
license:        GPL
author:         Copyright(c) 2003- 2015 Intel Corporation <linuxwifi@intel.com>
description:    Intel(R) Wireless WiFi driver for Linux
firmware:       iwlwifi-100-5.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-1000-5.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-135-6.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-105-6.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-2030-6.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-2000-6.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-5150-2.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-5000-5.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-6000g2b-6.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-6000g2a-6.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-6050-5.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-6000-6.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-7265D-29.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-7265-17.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-3168-29.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-3160-17.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-7260-17.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-8265-33.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-8000C-33.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-9260-th-b0-jf-b0--33.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-9260-th-a0-jf-a0--33.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-9000-pu-a0-jf-b0--33.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-9000-pu-a0-jf-a0--33.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-Qu-a0-jf-b0--33.ucode
firmware:       iwlwifi-Qu-a0-hr-a0--33.ucode
srcversion:     339D7D3BD0DD2A9C7FE616F


I installed Ubuntu with Windows installer, now I only have an NTFS partition. Why?

wubi installs into a file (root.disk)  that is then loop mounted.

A standard installation modifies your partitions.

See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide , search that page for virtual disk. It is not well explained, perhaps see also loop mount - http://samindaw.wordpress.com/2012/03/21/mounting-a-file-as-a-file-system-in-linux/

  Mounting a file as a file system in Linux

  This is called mounting a loopback device.
  3 steps.

  Creating the file that can be mounted as a file system
     Assigning the file as a block device
     Mounting the block device to a path

...


On Ubuntu, is there a way to find out what files are NOT associated with installed apt packages?

It appears that find / -exec dpkg -S {} \; 2>&1 | fgrep "no path" | cut -d' ' -f7- works for this case.

Thanks Muru!


I use LastPass (free version) which I can use on any device and my passwords are automatically synced across them including my mobile phone - handy for logins to online banking apps for example. The master password to access LastPass is extremely strong.
See this reference which explains how LastPass works and its benefits in the circumstances you describe.
What's included in LastPass Free?

Access on all supported devices
One-to-one password sharing
An encrypted Vault to store and manage your site passwords, secure notes, and form fill items
Save and fill site passwords
Storage with secure notes
Easy web form filling
Secure password generator
Extra security with Multifactor Authentication, including the use of the LastPass Authenticator
Password auditing using the Security Challenge

If you don't already have a LastPass account, you can get started by signing up for a free trial here Once your free trial expires, your account will automatically convert to a LastPass Free account.


Mathematica & Ubuntu 14.04. Installation complete but command not found!

There are many ways to accomplish what you want. I think the best method for you is to create a shortcut on the desktop called Mathematica, and just double click it to launch the program. To do this:

Open gedit, create a new file with the following in it, call it Mathematica.desktop, and place it on the Desktop:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Mathematica
Comment=Launch the Mathematica program
Exec=/usr/NKS/Mathematica/mathematica
Terminal=false
Type=Application

Open a terminal and type chmod +x ~/Desktop/Mathematica.desktop to make it "executable" (i.e. double-clickable). That's it. Double click the file on the desktop called Mathematica and it should work.


XMark does what you want very well. I used it across multiple machines, multiple platforms, multiple browsers. Standard features are free. There's a premium version that supports mobile devices (iPhone, Android, Blackberry etc...).


How to use Custom Ubuntu Images with Ubuntu Juju?

The Juju way would be to have a collection of charms which customize the vanilla image, rather than having a custom image to start with.

If you want to set all sorts of background things in your image, the best way is to have a subordinate charm which handles that. This way, you only need the vanilla, trusted, up to date standard image and all your personal changes are kept in one place.


git clone results in gnutls_handshake failed: A TLS packet with unexpected length was received

I had the same problem and had to recompile git against libcurl-openssl-v4 instead of gnutls. It might have something to do with the route to the git server and gnutls not liking something about it.

There's a PREVIOUS step by step solution on how to do just this posted on this site but I do have a couple of things I did differently and some issues I ran into.

Firstly I don't suggest using dpkg -i as the method to install the package, use gdebi from the gdebi-core package because it allows you to install a package and its dependencies.

Most importantly one thing that is not mentioned in that solution is that MULTIPLE *.deb packages will be produced, hence the reason to use gdebi-core.

Secondly and lastly make sure to install the git-man package first and THEN install the main package and its dependencies, for some reason the main package listed on that solution won't install with either dpkg or gdebi without installing the manual first.


Weird graphical errors in console and on computer shut down

Try using the ppa from the above forums link

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:acasagrande/xf86-video-sismedia
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-sismedia

Then reboot.


My unity pannel on cairo dock doesnt work

There is no more cairo+unity panel, because now the top panel can't be used outside of Unity.
A possible solution: make another dock at the top and place there the usual applets (clock, Indicators, logout, etc)


cannot install ubuntu 12.04 LTS using bootable pendrive

Possibly incompatible graphics, or some other setting. Tried some boot options that might help? The live iso has some listed under it's F6 "Other Options" menu. Like nomodeset, noacpi, noapic, nolapic, etc...?

See this Ubuntu help page for more info https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootOptions

[similar to Graphical freezes and live CD boot failures ]


Thinkpad T61 won't wake from sleep / suspend 13.04

I had this same problem. Upon reboot, I went into Ubuntu Advanced and changed linux boot kernel from 3.8.x to 3.5.x and I have no issue when rebooting.  Hope this helps you as well.


MAAS ipmi issues on blade server HS21 XM

Do you have enable Serial over LAN on IPMI configuration ?

MAAS Server need SoL access to communicates with IPMI.

Thanks,


lightdm and gdm broken after upgrade to 11.10

I'm assuming you had proprietary graphics drivers installed.  This would have created an xorg.conf file.  If you rename it, you should be able to boot to a graphical desktop using open-source drivers.  If you have previously blacklisted the open-source drivers, you will need to un-blacklist them.

To rename xorg.conf

sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.backup

Oneiric is designed around lightdm - therefore reconfigure your display manager

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

/etc/X11/default-display-manager should now point to lightdm.

If you are still left with a black-screen, then the opensource nouveau graphics driver is at fault/and or KMS is at fault.

First try booting with nomodeset in your GRUB boot options.

You could also try force booting to the low resolution VESA graphics via xforcevesa or possibly xforcevesa nomodeset.

If you are unsure how to temporily add these GRUB boot options see my linked question.

If these temporary boot options still don't work - you can install the nvidia proprietary graphics driver from the command line:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

Linked Question:

How do I set 'nomodeset' after I've already installed Ubuntu?


"no screens found" on Live CD with Nvidia Optimus

The reason the screen was showing up black was because KMS (Kernel Modesetting) wasn't turning on the backlight for the Intel-backed screen. In Optimus, the Intel device gives the image to the screen device, and the NVIDIA device simply acts as a pixel buffer generator and is not actually attached to the screen.

Open /etc/rc.local and add the following line before exit 0

setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=30

The 30 may be changed to any value between 00 and FF. 00 is Full Bright, FF is Full Dark.

Source: https://askubuntu.com/a/157344/246852


No folders or links on desktop in Communitheme

Here is the answer I got from a communitheme issue I've opened in Github.

GNOME 3.28 Removes Option to Put Icons on the Desktop

It's a pity. Currently there is no working GNOME shell extension to workaround that.

Currently I'm sticking with GNOME (Ubuntu) for compatibility reasons though KDE's new plasma (Kubntu) GUI is much more intuitive and with greater functionality

I was very impressed with it's KDE's Dolphin among other things.
I'll try Nemo, I hope it will have most it's features.


How to install printer driver for HP Deskjet 1000 J110?

If it is not a newly produced printer (that may require an updated hplip driver), I think that you can install hp-lip from the Softare Center..if you search for Hp, it should show you the hplip driver and you can install it from there without any problem..tha version is
3.10.2-2ubuntu2.2..
If it is a newly produced printer or if it doesn't work with the previous step, maybe you should try adding this ppa ppa:hplip-isv/ppa that installs the hplip version 3.11.1-0ubuntu2~ppa1..to make this write from the terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hplip-isv/ppa

and then open the update manager and install the updates shown..


How to make terminal autocomplete when there are several files/directory?

Something that is a life-saver for me is to have bash cycle through the possibilities instead of showing a dumb list.

As bash is using readline for its auto-completion, add the following lines to ~/.inputrc

Once you're satisfied and have thoroughly tested below solution for a few days/weeks, cut and paste (don't copy!) the same settings from ~/.inputrc to /etc/inputrc which contains the system-wide settings, making this available to all users on your system (including guest).

The codez:

# mappings to have up and down arrow searching through history:
"\e[A": history-search-backward
"\e[B": history-search-forward
# mappings to have left and right arrow go left and right:
"\e[C": forward-char
"\e[D": backward-char

# mapping to have [Tab] and [Shift]+[Tab] to cycle through all the possible completions:
"\t": menu-complete
"\e[Z": menu-complete-backward

then exit your terminal (or remote terminal like putty) and open it again...

Examples:

When you have 3 files: file1, file2 and file3 and you type:

e fTabTabTab

it'll cycle through:

e file1
e file2
e file3

and when you want to cycle backwards, just hit Shift+Tab
When you type:

very-complicated-command with lots of command line parameters

and next time you need the same command, you just type:

very↑

and it'll type for you:

very-complicated-command with lots of command line parameters

This will save you a ton of time in bash!  ;-)


If setting the shares up through Nautilus make sure the "allow others to create and delete files in this folder" box is ticked.


there is the real codeblock
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo parted --list
Model: ATA ST2000LM007-1R81 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 2000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name                                  Flags
 2      274MB   290MB   16.8MB               Microsoft reserved partition     msftres
 3      290MB   1973GB  1972GB  ntfs         Basic data partition          msftdata
 4      1973GB  1999GB  26.8GB  ntfs         Basic data partition          msftdata
 5      1999GB  2000GB  1049MB  ntfs         Basic data partition          hidden, diag

Model: Intenso Alu Line (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  16.1GB  16.1GB  primary  fat32        boot, lba

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ [ -d /sys/firmware/efi ] && echo UEFI || echo BIOS
UEFI
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo dmidecode -t0 | grep -Ei "BIOS boot|UEFI"
        BIOS boot specification is supported
        UEFI is supported
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install efibootmgr
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
efibootmgr is already the newest version (15-1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0001
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0001,2001,2002,2003
Boot0000* EFI Network 0 for IPv4 (54-E1-AD-AA-EB-FA)         PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(54e1adaaebfa,0)    /IPv4(0.0.0.0:0<->0.0.0.0:0,0,0)RC
Boot0001* Linpus lite   HD(1,MBR,0xa401d960,0x800,0x1dff800)/File(\EFI\Boot\grubx64.efi)RC
Boot0002* EFI Network 0 for IPv6 (54-E1-AD-AA-EB-FA)      PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(54e1adaaebfa,0)/IPv6([::]:  <->[::]:,0,0)RC
Boot0005* ubuntu    HD(1,GPT,2febd021-19a7-4c9f-95f3- ced547535fbf,0x800,0x82000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)RC
Boot2001* EFI USB Device    RC
Boot2002* EFI DVD/CDROM RC
Boot2003* EFI Network   RC
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$


This is usually caused by pyopengl not being installed. Try installing it by using:

conda install pyopengl


Change the default operating system for startup (multiboot) within Windows

If you have more than one operating system installed on your computer, you can choose which one starts when you turn on your computer. More than one operating system installed on a computer is often called a multiboot configuration.

Open System by clicking the Start button, clicking Control
Panel, clicking System and Maintenance, and then clicking
System.
Click Advanced System Settings. If you are prompted for an
administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide
confirmation.
Click the Advanced tab, and then, under
Startup and Recovery, click Settings.
Under System startup, in the Default operating system list,
click the operating system that you want to use when you turn on or
restart your computer.

To be able to choose which operating system to use when you turn on your computer, make sure the Time to display list of operating systems check box is selected, and then click the number of seconds that you want the list of available operating systems displayed before the default operating system starts automatically.


you can also look in the system using the following command: $ sudo find / -type f -iname input.h; it'll take a while, or $ locate input.h =)


How do I get an SB X-Fi Xtreme Audio CA0110 working again after a kernel update?

I've poked Brad (who has commit access to the git tree) and asked for an ABI bump. Once he commits the change and kicks off the daily build, the next available linux-alsa-driver-modules for 10.04 from the ppa should resolve your issue.


simulate geographic distance between servers

You should ave a look at tc which is a traffic control utility interfacing the netem Kernel interface.

To add a general delay on outgoing packets, you may for instance do:

sudo tc qdisc add dev tun0 root netem delay 10ms

To change it, run sudo tc qdisc change dev tun0 root netem delay 100ms. To remove it, replace change with del.

Netem can do other tricks, such as discarding 1:n of packets, corrupting them and so forth, and can be used to emulate a wide array of network problems.


How do I change the default browser that konsole opens URLs with?

I ran into this problem running konsole in Ubuntu/Unity. When everything else failed, I edited ~/.kde/share/config/kdeglobals:

[General]
BrowserApplication[$e]=!google-chrome

Logout, login -- bingo!


I had to update to the the mainline kernel 4.6.3 before DRI_PRIME=1 glxinfo | grep "OpenGL renderer" returned my AMD card.
I am on a thinkpad s531 with an i7 processor and a Radeon HD8600.

I followed this guide to update the kernel.

As described here you can then use eg. DRI_PRIME=1 blender to run a program with the AMD GPU.


Bluetooth not working - Ubuntu 17.04 (Lenovo Ideapad 100-15IBY)

This device is not supported by Linux kernel yet.

I've sent a patch upstream. As a workaround you can use a DKMS module.

Install it this way:

wget https://launchpad.net/~hanipouspilot/+archive/ubuntu/bluetooth/+files/btusb-lp1708692-dkms_0.1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i btusb-lp1708692-dkms_0.1_all.deb

This module should work for Ubuntu 17.04 and 16.04 with the 4.10 kernel.


The error is pretty clear about it

  ImportError: The 'packaging.requirements' package is required; normally this is bundled with this package so if you get this warning, consult the packager of your distribution.

The link you have in the question states

  but it requires Ubuntu 16.04 64-bit or Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit

So that excludes 18.04 what you are installing.

As stated in the error: take it up with the maintainer to adjust the package to include the requirements for 18.04

As a general guide: packages outside of the Ubuntu system that belong to a lower LTS tend to NOT work since we switch a lot of the core features between LTS releases (the switch from unity to gnome for instance happened in between 16.04 and 18.04)


"dpkg -i mysql-5.5.25-ubuntu10.04-x86_64.deb" not installing anything?

Just try to start the mysql server by /opt/mysql/server5.5/bin/mysqld start and add the line export PATH="/opt/mysql/server5.5/bin:$PATH" to /root/.profile. Though you should not be doing administrative task by entering root account, use sudo before your commands instead. Also, the mysql server and client both are available in Ubuntu Software Centre.


Unable to install java 8 on Ubuntu 14.04 32 bit

it seems that your download is corrupted.

  [..] sha256sum mismatch jdk-8u77-linux-i586.tar.gz [..]

Try to remove the package

sudo apt-get purge oracle-java8-installer
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update

then remove the repo and reimport it

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:webupd8team/java

and reinstall the package

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

update:
if you want to install java you can use this code instead of the last line :

sudo apt install default-jdk


conjure-up failed with "Exception: Could not determine Juju version."

I had the same problem and resolved with the following command:

sudo apt install snapd

extracted from https://github.com/conjure-up/conjure-up/issues/1289


touchpad recognized as a mouse on asus x556ua

it appears this issue has allready been adressed.
There is a bug report about this here:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1587913

At the end of the bug report there is a link to the site where the module that solves the problem can be downloaded.
The link to the module download is :

https://github.com/vlasenko/hid-asus-dkms

I have tested it with my asus x556uak laptop with 7th gen processor kaby lake using ubuntu 16.04.1 and it works.
It also fixes the touchpad function button which can now activate and deactive the touchpad.


Ubuntu One Music App for Android: missing folders

Are the missing files stored in folders shared with you, as opposed to folders associated with your own account?  If so, then what you are seeing is the expected behaviour:

https://one.ubuntu.com/help/faq/why-cant-i-see-music-files-that-are-folders-shared-with-me/

If the files are in a folder you own, please file a support request with the following form:

https://one.ubuntu.com/help/contact/

The music streaming service works off metadata scraped from the music you've updated (which is separate from the file metadata used by the main storage service.  It is possible that something has got stuck and needs a kick to rescan your folders.


Ubuntu is getting stuck at pruple boot screen

There is a hardware error on your disk.

Boot your computer with a Ubuntu Live system (e.g., from a USB stick) and do a fsck which may repair the disk and make it bootable again.


Install Ubuntu to a preformatted partition

In the ubuntu installer, choose the choose something else option when you are asked where ubuntu should be installed. (other than this option, there will be options like erase previous OS, install alongside etc.) You will be presented with a list of all partitions to which you can install ubuntu. If you dont know what device (/dev/sdxn) your partition corresponds to open it in nautilus (unmount everything else from the nautlius side pane) man run mount from the terminal to find the device.


Opera reset extensions from the command line?

Ok, so I think I found a solution:

I typed:
rm -r ~/.config/opera/Extensions/*

This deletes ALL extensions and opera is then restored beause the dodgy extension is removed, passwords and history are all still there.

Thanks to Matt832 for mentioning the opera installation location here:
https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=238442


Hearthstone stucks on black screen, Intel gpu issue?

These steps worked for me:

1) Install: $ winetricks dotnet40

2) On the battle.net app, go on hearthsone page, click on the Options then open the Game Settings now check the Additional command line arguments and type there : -force-d3d9

3) Change your wine windows version to windows 7

4) Terminate all your wine apps and now start your hearthstone


Play my favorite games of PalyStation, Xbox,SEGA and Pc on Ubuntu

Well Lakka OS is an emulator. They try to emulate games as if they were the original console. But all emulators are not the same and all have bugs and glitches that might or mightn't be on the console. Personally I have not used Lakka but I have used some emulators such as DOSBOX, PSX, PCSX2 and PPSSPP which emulate PS1, PS2 and PSP games and the DOSBOX can emulate not only games but applications and even windows (I have run Windows 3.11 and 95 but 98 is also possible). So long story short, maybe. The games might run better on Lakka . Well I'm not sure that this helps but I just wanted to say something.

[Edit]
 Well seeing what you added, you can make Ubuntu like Lakka by installing the emulators instead of having the OS just for emulating games. It is more complicated but hey it works and you have extra features not only emulating. Whatever floats your boat.


Is there any chance to upgrade my OpengGL version?

Your graphics adapter does not support OpenGL higher than 2.1.

So it is a hardware, not a software issue.

Your adapter supports OpenGL 2.0 on Windows and 2.1 on Linux.

On my Bay Trail Intel adapter the same version of mesa shows

OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 11.2.0


alt tab not working on Ubuntu Mate 20.04.1 with external keyboard

If your external keyboard does not provide any keycodes, it seems that it is not recognized by the XServer. If you are using wayland, it might be helpful to switch to Xserver or look here how to configure it in wayland.
What you should achieve in the first place is that xev should spill out a keycode on pressing that key combination.
If you are not sure if you installed the keyboard driver correctly, describe how you did it by editing your question. (not in a comment)


Ubuntu upgrade from 13.04 to 13.10 disappears

My machine did this to me...I got the notification to upgrade to 13.10 and I clicked it on about 5 occasions and it did not do it.  A week later I got the prompt that it was ready to install and it did it...not sure what happened.

Now I have a new set of problems...my flash won't update in 13.10 and restart, shutdown, and logout don't work.


Some applications display their menus in Unity but not in Xfce. How can I make Xfce display them too?

If you open Firefox and then press the 'Alt' key, the menu appears. The menu does seem to disappear once you have used it. However, if you select View->Toolbars from the menu and ensure "Menu Bar" is ticked, the menu remains permanently. There may be an easier way but this seems to work.

Not sure if the same works for Chrome.


The command echo $$ returns the process ID of the terminal or script it was called from.

See this Stack overflow question, where it has already been asked.

This one also has more detail about what it is more precisely, and commands similar to it.


Maven install :update-alternatives: error

I tried update-alternatives --remove mvn /usr/bin/mvn and update-alternatives --remove-all mvn
It worked


How to enable Wobbly Windows with Optimus Graphics?

I finally discovered (after running lspci | grep VGA) that I had two graphics adapters enabled.

The issue was that this model of ThinkPad has a BIOS setting called "Optimus" that will switch between the integrated graphics adapter and the nVIDIA graphics adapter, upon request of the operating system. However, as is noted in the BIOS setting screen, this feature must be supported by the operating system and is not recommended unless running Windows 7.

Switching the display BIOS setting to "Discrete" forces the laptop to always use the nVIDIA graphics adapter, and after saving this setting wobbly windows and other compiz effects became enabled.


Connet to ethernet via internet Ubutnu 16.04

You have to:

mount rootfs read and write by
mount -o remount,rw /

connect Ethernet cable

get IP address from DHCP server
dhclient enp0s31f6

do ordinary steps with APT - like
apt-get update
apt-get install --reinstall ...


As far as I know it can only be done by modifying and recompiling the source.

It's looks like a trivial change, but you will need some minimum background in programming. This is the important file. In the 2051 line they create the notebook. You will need to add a line like this afterwards:

gtk_notebook_set_tab_pos (GTK_NOTEBOOK (priv->notebook), GTK_POS_BOTTOM);

Note that I didn't test it, it will likely work, but...


How to install only free software from mini.iso?

If you install Ubuntu from the mini.iso, I do not think you will install any non-free program packages. After rebooting into Ubuntu, you can add Universe and install the Synaptic package manager

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install synaptic

and then you can use Synaptic to manage your repositories (select which ones, that you want to use). Select

Settings -- Repositories

and you can turn off the proprietary driver repository. You should also check the other tabs for repositories that you do not want. (I use a proprietary graphics driver, and I use non-free software for multimedia, but I can understand why you want to avoid it.)


Suspend does not work on HP Pavilion g6 with Ubuntu 14.04

I recently tried updating the kernel on my pavilion g6 and it seems it's been fixed.
Try updating to the latest kernel, which as of this writing is 3.15.0-031500rc2


The way I recommend would be:

Run: sudoedit /etc/default/console-setup
Find the line that says: ACTIVE_CONSOLES="/dev/tty[1-6]"
Change it to the amount of tty you want. For 3 you do: ACTIVE_CONSOLES="/dev/tty[1-3]"
Save the file and go to /etc/init/: cd /etc/init/ then type ls to see the tty files.
They should look like tty1.conf, tty2.conf, tty3.conf....
Rename all the tty that you do not want. In your case you would rename the last 3 tty:

sudo mv tty4.conf tty4.conf.bck
sudo mv tty5.conf tty5.conf.bck
sudo mv tty6.conf tty6.conf.bck
Reboot and test

A couple of tips. Even if you eliminate the tty4-6 X will still be in CTRL+ALT+F7
tty4 to tty6 will appear blank (black, no blink login waiting)


I had the same problem and solved it about 5 days ago. I took several crash dump tests and confirmed that they were performed perfectly.
The reason why the crash dump was not performed was because of the Virtualbox option issue, and the resolution was as follows:

Settings -> Mother board -> I/O APIC~~ uncheck:** Virtualbox default is check
Settings -> Processor -> PAE/NX check and VT-X /AMD-V check** : Virtualbox default is uncheck

For your information, my Ubuntu version is 18.04, Virtualbox version is 6.1.14.


look there: https://launchpad.net/~rawstudio/+archive

I found the package for Oneiric: it is named 2.0-0ubuntu1~oneiric3


running a backup script after dropbox has updated

I have figured out how to solve the issue. I read this: https://www.linux.com/news/introduction-services-runlevels-and-rcd-scripts/ and then I copied my script into /etc/init.d and made a symlink to it from /etc/rc5.d as follows:

sudo ln -s ../init.d/dailyBackup ./S01dailyBackup

Now what was just logged to /home/user/Log/backup.log as I watched it after boot was:

Dropbox isn't running!
Checking for changes...
successful backup of /home/user and /etc: Sunday-September-29-2019 at 10:06am

This feels like a more solid solution than running a cronjob at boot anyway.
Here is the final version of the script:

#!/bin/bash

if [[ $(($(date +%A-%B-%d-%Y) != $(cat /home/user/Log/backup.log | tail -n1 | cut -d " " -f7))) \
     -eq 1 ]]
    then
    while [[ $(sudo -u user dropbox status) != "Up to date" ]]
    do
        echo $(sudo -u user dropbox status) >> /home/user/Log/backup.log
        sleep 10s
    done
    shopt -s dotglob globstar

    if [[ $(($(date +%d) % 2)) -eq 0 ]]
        then
        if [[ -e /backup/daily0/user ]]
            then
            rm -rf /backup/daily0/user/ >> /home/user/Log/backup.log 2>&1
        fi
        if [[ -e /backup/daily0/etc ]]
            then
            rm -rf /backup/daily0/etc/ >> /home/user/Log/backup.log 2>&1
        fi
        cp -r --preserve /home/user/ /backup/daily0/ >> /home/user/Log/backup.log 2>&1
        cp -r --preserve /etc/ /backup/daily0/ >> /home/user/Log/backup.log 2>&1
        rm -rf /backup/daily0/user/Dropbox/.dropbox >> /home/user/Log/backup.log 2>&1
        rm -rf /backup/daily0/user/Dropbox/.dropbox.cache >> /home/user/Log/backup.log 2>&1
        echo "successful backup of /home/user and /etc: $(date +%A-%B-%d-%Y) $(date +%l:%M%P)" >>\
        /home/user/Log/backup.log
    else
        if [[ -e /backup/daily1/user ]]
            then
            rm -rf /backup/daily1/user/ >> /home/user/Log/backup.log 2>&1
        fi
        if [[ -e /backup/daily1/etc ]]
            then
            rm -rf /backup/daily1/etc/ >> /home/user/Log/backup.log 2>&1
        fi
        cp -r --preserve /home/user/ /backup/daily1/ >> /home/user/Log/backup.log 2>&1
        cp -r --preserve /etc/ /backup/daily1/ >> /home/user/Log/backup.log 2>&1
        rm -rf /backup/daily1/user/Dropbox/.dropbox >> /home/user/Log/backup.log 2>&1
        rm -rf /backup/daily1/user/Dropbox/.dropbox.cache >> /home/user/Log/backup.log 2>&1
        echo "successful backup of /home/user and /etc: $(date +%A-%B-%d-%Y) $(date +%l:%M%P)" >>\
        /home/user/Log/backup.log
    fi
    exit 0
else
    exit 0
fi

I tried using both 7Z to compress the directories into an archive, which did save around 10GB per backup and since I am keeping 2 days worth at any given time that is 20GB of saved disk space. The issue is that the script takes an hour to run so I then tried it with tar -cjf, which saved around 8GB per backup, but still it took almost an hour for the script to complete its task. So I am sacrificing the 20GB of disk space for efficiency sake, after all Big-O is usually more important these days unless dealing with a very small capacity on embedded systems. I enjoyed solving this and I hope it helps someone trying to do a similar thing sometime:) For me it is nice to have the last 2 days of all those files and directories backed up in case I want to retrieve an older version before I made some change to a school project or a config file in /etc or whatever. Maybe I will add some other directories to the backups in the future as learn more. At my school, all of us computer science students have an account on a Debian based school server, which is really cool. We all have access to 21 days worth of backukps of our home directories in the directories /backup/daily.0/userName through /backup/daily.20/userName, this is where I got the idea after saving my .bash_history from 21 days ago and merging it with my history from one day ago. I wrote a script which keeps my .bash_history and my .tmux_history merged by a cronjob every 5 minutes. while debugging the script I had demolished both file's contents a couple of times and was happy to be able to save my history as I keep an unlimited history file length which I have a script to truncate by removing duplicate entries once a year on a cronjob.


Basically what you choose in boot repair is what you will have installed in your booting sequence..just don't forget so save settings and update all configuration changes that you desired to make and then restart.

You can preview everything from inside the super boot manager.


If you installed nginx from the standard Ubuntu repos, the installation should have created both the www-data user and group. Anyway the command to check if a specific user exists is (www-data example):

grep www-data /etc/passwd

or group:

grep www-data /etc/group

If you want to be part of that group you should do this:

sudo usermod -a -G groupName userName

obviously userName is your login name. Then logout and login again, and check with:

groups

if www-data appears, you are part of that group.


there are 2 cases after hard reset:

install ubuntu first then ubuntu (which is not suggested to do and don't know about it)
install windows first then ubuntu (which i know and assume you followed)

According to your problem and as per my knowledge you must do a boot-repair using windows bootable usb stick that  sets the boot files in windows so that it can boot.

I am sorry that i am not expert to understand the link :(


Why do I end up at the console login instead of the graphical desktop?

Try logging in with your username & password then use the following command :

startx


Epson xp-225 printer wont work on Ubuntu 14.04

Go to the manufacturer site and download driver for Linux from there:
http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/searchModule

There is a manual how to install them:
http://download.ebz.epson.net/man/linux/

If it worked on Galaxy, I believe that most probably it will work on Ubuntu, as well. Because Galaxy uses Android system which is based on Linux kernel and Ubuntu OS is also based on Linux kernel.


Ubuntu 18.04 opening system settings logs me out

I discovered it was due to incompatible drivers with my NVIDIA Quadro P400 Graphic card. I ran this and it got fixed: sudo apt install nvidia-375. Hope this can be of help :)


NPM - Some packages could not be installed

Straight from https://nodesource.com/blog/nodejs-v012-iojs-and-the-nodesource-linux-repositories.

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_0.12 | sudo bash -

sudo apt-get install -y nodejs


Why won't Ubuntu 14.04 dual-boot with Win 7?

I've noticed the same thing happen when trying to install along side Windows 8, The easiest solution for me was to just shrink the partition of the C: drive in windows, and install Ubuntu on that newest partition, without Ubuntu trying to read the "Along Side Windows Feature"


Unable to extend Ubuntu 20.04 partition installed along with Windows 10 using dual booting

You can't do what you're trying to do. You can always extend the space at the end but not the other way round. What you're trying to do is to move the start of Partition 5 to another location which is not possible. If you want to, backup your data, re-install using 23+5 = 28GB of space.


Username/Password Authentication Failed. dpkg: error: requested operation requires superuser privilege

As stated You are trying to connect to a private repository. The server is requesting authentication but failing w/401 error (Personally tested). You do not have authentication from the server.

In addition, you are trying to run 2 commands back to back:

wget https://private-ppa.launchpad.net/commercial-ppa-uploaders/xojo/ubuntu/pool/main/x/xojo/xojo-bin_2013.41-0ubuntu1_i386.deb; dpkg -i xojo-bin*.deb

to back, hence ; which is the separator.

You are running dpkg -i xojo-bin*.deb this must be ran as sudo sudo dpkg -i xojo-bin*.deb

Alternatively, You can simply download the package from https://www.xojo.com/download/


If I remove snap-store, what impact will this have on already installed snaps?

You will be able to continue using your existing snaps.

They will refresh (update) normally.

You can use the command-line to install more snaps, remove existing ones, and, generally, do most everything, if not more, than if you used the snap store.

man snap is worth reading carefully.

You can also visit the snap store "online": https://snapcraft.io/store

For managing your regular software, use the command-line or install Synaptic Package Manager (sudo apt update, sudo apt full-upgrade and sudo apt install synaptic) and use that.

Edit:

One convenience the snap store installed on your system offers is that of modifying the permissions you wish a snap to use (from the set of permissions the developer has made available).

Take the example of the okular snap. On the snap store's page for okular, there's a Permissions button (assuming that the okular snap is installed). Clicking on it produces the GUI in the image below:

You can easily change any of the permissions available but you'll obviously need to provide your password when prompted.

You can view the existing permissions via the terminal using snap connections okular. For convenience, I modified the command and trimmed the output width a bit:

$ snap connections | grep -E "(Interface|okular)" | nl
1     Interface                                     Plug                          Slot                 Notes
2     content[kde-frameworks-5-qt-5-14-core18-all]  okular:kde-frameworks-5-plug  kde-frameworks-5 ... -
3     desktop                                       okular:desktop                :desktop             -
4     desktop-legacy                                okular:desktop-legacy         :desktop-legacy      -
5     home                                          okular:home                   :home                -
6     unity7                                        okular:unity7                 :unity7              -
7     x11                                           okular:x11                    :x11                 -
$

Then, I changed a permission to allow the snap to access removable media via the GUI as shown below:

For comparison, I ran the same terminal command again:

$ snap connections | grep -E "(Interface|okular)" | nl
1     Interface                                     Plug                          Slot                 Notes
2     content[kde-frameworks-5-qt-5-14-core18-all]  okular:kde-frameworks-5-plug  kde-frameworks-5 ... -
3     desktop                                       okular:desktop                :desktop             -
4     desktop-legacy                                okular:desktop-legacy         :desktop-legacy      -
5     home                                          okular:home                   :home                -
6     removable-media                               okular:removable-media        :removable-media     manual
7     unity7                                        okular:unity7                 :unity7              -
8     x11                                           okular:x11                    :x11                 -
$

There is now an additional line relating to removable media with "manual" in the Notes column.

If we want to, for example, undo the permission we just granted, man snap tells us we need to use disconnect and the formula suggested is snap disconnect <snap>:<plug> <snap>:<slot> (with sudo) but what worked for me is

sudo snap disconnect okular:removable-media

The change was immediately seen by running snap connections | grep -E "(Interface|okular)" | nl with a return to just seven lines of output.

The snap store reflected the change after logging out and back in!


It's located under Settings:

then

If, for some reason you don't have that icon on the side bar, just search online accounts in the dash, and it will come right up:


How to setup local repository for ubuntu 12.04

You can now add the repository path (us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu) to /etc/apt/sources.list file

For example:-

Suppose you have downloaded it to /media/Data/us.archive.ubuntu.com/
First backup your /etc/apt/sources.list

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

Open /etc/apt/sources.list

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

Add the following line to /etc/apt/sources.list

deb file:///media/Data/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe multiverse


What the different hardware temperatures listed in psensor, sensor viewer etc reffer to?

There is not a real way of telling which temperature corresponds to which part of your computer, so a way could be guessing.

I took a look at an old post regarding SpeedFan which appears to show the same values of temperature like psensor. I guess these are the values of each hardware component:

Temp1 : Aux

Temp2  : Motherboard

Temp3 : CPU

Temp4: GPU


Asus TUF Gaming FX505-DD - problem with wireless interface

Installing a newer kernel version by command:

sudo apt install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04


I am being logged out when I start chromium browser?

Resolved by uninstalling the manually installed 310.19 and installing nvidia-current (295.40).


problems installing Stata12 on Ubuntu 12.10

Determine Drive Information

We assume that the hard drive is physically installed and detected by the BIOS.
To determine the path that your system has assigned to the new hard drive, open a terminal and run:
sudo lshw -C disk

Partitioning Using GParted
System > Administration > GNOME Partition Editor (or 'Partition Editor') is not available, install "GParted" using "sudo apt-get install gparted" from the command line, "Add/Remove Software" (or "Add/Remove...") from the Applications menu, or "Synaptic Package Manager" from the System > Administration menu. Open GParted and let's get started.

gksudo gparted

for more into follow this link:-
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingANewHardDrive


error while loading shared libraries: libffi.so.5:

Wunderlist seems to specifically look for an older version of your libffi, it wants libffi5:

libffi.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

You're on 12.04 and the package libffi5 (3.0.9-1) is only available in the lucid repos.

You could add the lucid repos to your /etc/apt/sources.lst and manually install the older package from the lucid repos, creating a mixed system from 12.04 and 10.04. I'd consider this a bad idea, because manually adding very old stuff isn't necessarily leading to a stable system.

Or you could ask the programmer of wunderlist to update their dependencies, perhaps it also works with libffi6.

3rd possible solution, mentioned here (German)
Just symlink 6 to 5:

ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libffi.so.6 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libffi.so.5


Does cancelling the operation while copying a .mkv file split it into 2 parts?

No, canceling a copy or a move of a file does not modify the original file.

Your 3.2 GB file is still intact as it was before the move/copy.

In fact, when you copy a file from one location to another, the original file is not modified in any way whether the copy was finished, canceled or interrupted.

And when you move a file to a different filesystem (for example, in your case from your pen drive to your PC's internal drive), the file will be copied first (as if you are doing a normal copy), and only then is the original deleted. So in this case, the original file doesn't get modified either if the move was canceled or interrupted.


Let's Encrypt, Apache2 - Editing vhosts properly

I'm not sure what is the right answer of your question, but I would suggest you the following simplification:

1. Force all users to use HTTPS. The definition of the HTTP VirtualHost should look like this:

<VirtualHost *:80>

        ServerName example.com

        # Redirect Requests to HTTPS
        Redirect permanent "/" "https://example.com/"

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/example.com.error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/example.com.access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

In this way you will need maintain only the configuration of the HTTPS VirtualHost.

2. As soon as you generate "Let's Encrypt" ssl certificate files, describe them manually into the definition of the HTTPS VirtualHost:

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
    <VirtualHost _default_:443>

        ServerName example.com
        ServerAdmin admin@example.com

        SSLEngine on
        SSLCertificateFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/cert.pem
        SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem
        SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/chain.pem

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/example.com.error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/example.com.access.log combined

        DocumentRoot /var/www/html
        <Directory /var/www/html>
              # etc...
        </Directory>

        # etc...

    </VirtualHost>
</IfModule>

3. Insert the definitions of both VirtualHosts into a single configuration file:

<VirtualHost *:80>
        # etc...
</VirtualHost>

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
    <VirtualHost _default_:443>
        # etc...
    </VirtualHost>
</IfModule>

This file could be /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf.

4. Don't forget to a2dissite unnecessary VirtualHosts (respectively a2ensite the necessary ones) and restart Apache.

5. Edit root's crontab and add a job which will try to renew the certificates, every week, for example. Type sudo crontab -e and add this line at the bottom:

0 3 * * 0 /usr/bin/letsencrypt renew  >> /var/log/letsencrypt-renew.week-$(date +%W).log 2>&1

That's it.


Ubuntu 11.10 is on external HDD, how to boot (using grub4dos), and which initrd and vmlinuz to use?

I guess I may not understand your problem.  What does your system do when it fails to boot?  Do you see any error messages?

How is your external drive attached?  If it is USB, are you explicitly booting from USB or is the USB boot priority higher than the internal HDD?

I'm thinking that the initrd and vmlinuz would be the same on either an external or internal drive...but I'm also just learning about Grub2 too.

Finally, perhaps try using grub2 on the external drive instead of grub4dos.

Good Luck,
Randy


Pakcage "apache' has no installation candidate

I think this command could help you:

echo 'deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main' >> /etc/apt/sources.list && sudo apt update && sudo apt install apache2

This command adds repository which contains package apache2 for ubuntu 18.04, updates your source list and installs apache2.


I did some checking around in gconf, and sadly this is not possible in the standard version. You could add the unsupported tomboy ppa and use the latest version (which has no indicator applet) and then disable the icon in gconf (/apps/tomboy/enable_tray_icon).

This setting would normally work, but only in the latest version of tomboy

I would also like to suggest that you report a wishlist bug on indicator applet to allow hiding (I would, but I know I would be ignored :P).


Lubuntu not booting without USB used to install it

Try this:

Boot your Laptop with USB plugged.

Remove the USB while Lubuntu is running.

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

sudo -i
apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade
apt-get install --reinstall grub-pc grub-pc-bin grub-common grub2-common
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
grub-install  /dev/sda
grub-install --recheck /dev/sda
update-grub
reboot

Boot your Laptop with USB unplugged.


Is the BCM4306 wireless card ipv6 capable?

If you are using the broadcom-sta drivers then I believe they are not IPv6 compatible. At least not for the advertisement. I have the same problem with my card using the broadcom-sta drivers. My card (BCM43227) is not supported by any other driver, but it seems yours is.

Looks like you can try the b43legacy drivers and possibly the b43. My old laptop used the b43 with IPv6 just fine but you would have to test out b43legacy to see if it will support IPv6.


Suggest you review A Guide to Using Myanmar Unicode and then add fonts which support it, which are linked from that web page.


If your file does only contain characters that are part of (7-bit) ASCII there is no way to tell the difference between UTF-8 & ASCII, so I'm not surprised file would say that file is ASCII then.

If you want to serve those files as UTF-8, you better make it explicit in your HTML, PHP code, or server configuration.


Unable to Mount an external hard drive (NTFS)

From the bug report WarriorIng64 linked to, it sounds like some people resolved this issue by various means:

  Running

gksudo gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

  in a terminal, then removing the autologin-user= YOUR USERNAME line
  and running

sudo shutdown -h now

This suggestion belongs to WarriorIng64. All the credits goes to him.

I had the same problem. Worked great for me.


I downloaded the get-pip.py script, and ran it with python3.5. Doing that seemed to clear things up.


The problem is that software RAID only replicates the partitions, not the MBR, so if you re-install grub you need to make sure that you install it to both drives. You also need to make sure that, when you install grub to the second drive, you configure it as if it were the first drive (so that if the first drive fails you can disconnect it and the second drive will boot).

# grub
grub> device (hd0) /dev/sda
grub> root (hd0,0)
grub> setup (hd0)
grub> device (hd0) /dev/sdb
grub> root (hd0,0)
grub> setup (hd0)
grub> quit

Note that each drive is configured as if it were the first drive (hd0).


How to restrict total time usage for an account

If you open a terminal and type w, then you can see who are logged on and when they logged on. If they logged in more than an hour ago, then you suspend the account and log off the user. You would preferably use the notify-send command to notify the user before logging off.

I don't know any applications that does exactly this, but it should be easy to make one, I think.


Why can't (and how can) I install both grub-pc and grub-efi packages?

Drop down a level in the packaging, and install grub-pc-bin and grub-efi-amd-bin. Those packages wont conflict, but neither will they install grub as an active bootloader nor update grub.cfg on upgrades.  Install the top level package of your choice for the update functions: grub-pc or grub-efi-amd.

There is only one /boot/grub/grub.cfg file, so you have to choose which format to use for it (legacy or UEFI) (they're not much different, but some things like the chainloader command are quite different).


Upgraded from 14.10 to 17.10 now getting strange /dev/nul file

ps is a command line utility used to list running processes. It is common practice to redirect output of commands of which the output is not needed to /dev/null, which is like a Linux 'black hole' which allows anything to be written to it but when read gives nothing. By the looks of this something is running ps and redirecting the output to /dev/nul (i.e. someone made a type somewhere). The fact that ps is showing an error about conflicting options suggests someone made a typo there as well. It looks like it might be possible to use inotify to notify when the file is created/editied (you have to leave it there though and not delete it). Install it using

$ apt update
$ apt install inotify-tools

then try

$ inotifywait -m --format /dev/nul

and it should alert you when something edits it. It won't tell you what did it though. Try leaving it open in a terminal and seeing if it happens when you do or open anything in particular (or if ti just does it by itself).


Answer based on this comment by Jjed:

process 2613: arguments to dbus_message_new_method_call() were incorrect
 assertion "_dbus_check_is_valid_path (path)" failed in file ../../dbus/dbus-message.c line 1204.
This is normally a bug in some application using the D-Bus library.

This indicates the problem, which is your service_path. All DBus paths start with /, so you should change

service_path = 'com/canonical/AppMenu/Registrar'

to

service_path = '/com/canonical/AppMenu/Registrar'


I cannot install Kubuntu, it keeps rebooting before installation

There are two or three possible causes for this to happen.

1. APCI or APM-related issues

Try setting nomodeset and nolapic/noapic and acpi=off boot parameters (Description on askubuntu). It might turn out your bios isn't implementing some interfaces correctly.

2. Make sure your RAM is fine

Combination or missarangement of RAM modules or defect modules may also cause this error. Do a memory check (3rd option on boot screen).

3. Alternate install disk

If you still have no luck, try the alternate installation disk. You will have no GUI guiding the install, but instead have a text based menu. You can find the images here.


I'm running Kubuntu v16.04 - not the version that you are - but I had to modify /etc/systemd/logind.conf, uncomment NAutoVTs=6 and restart.


I always use the Clonezilla live dvd when changing hard drives. It takes a little more effort when moving to a smaller disk but I know I have done it and assume I did something like the technique found at the following post
https://superuser.com/questions/1361361/clonezilla-wont-clone-to-a-smaller-disk


try and use "Ctrl + Alt + T" and this should load up the terminal. And follow Fix 5 to this referenced link below. I would do some more research on this issue as there may be more underlying issues with your upgrade.

The link below is in reference to the x session and nvidia drivers. potentially fix 5 is just refreshing unity for you so may resolve this issue.

good luck

Problems after upgrading to 14.04 (only background and pointer after login)


The packages are python3-tk and python-tk. If you are writing new code, it is probably better to write Python 3 based code, instead of Python 2.x code.


Annoying flickering in 16.04 LTS - Chrome

After some research, I found a solution to this problem. It is working for me now.

I disabled hardware acceleration for my browser from

Settings > Advance Settings > System > uncheck the hardware acceleration

Hope this works on your machine.

I am using google-chrome-stable Version 50.0.2661.94 (64-bit) on Ubuntu 16.04

-----EDIT----

If you encounter scrolling lag and screen tear. Do as suggested by Amos Folarin in the comment below:

Go to: chrome://flags/#smooth-scrolling and Enable it.


Dual booting by Installing on separate drive and using the 'Erase Disk' option

I have done this before with another ssd and it when I erased the disk it only cleaned the disk that I chose it to. It will install a boot loader into the main disk when you do this so when your computer starts up you can select between Windows or ubuntu (or any other operating systems). If you unplug your main ssd while your computer is starting up then you may (not 100% sure) have to choose ubuntu as the main disk when starting up. If you are fine with this then feel free to unplug it, but if you want to be safe when choosing the os then I suggest you to keep both plugged in. Also, as a suggestion you should probably make sure it is the drive the you want to erase because there is no going back once you have done it. You could also setup the boot loader after you install ubuntu manually.


US international layout does not appear in Gnome

Editing the setting manually in dconf do the trick.
Namely, execute dconf-editor, find org.gnome.desktop.input-sources.sources ant put the value [('xkb', 'us+intl')].

[Oddly enough, the box show-all-sources was unchecked, so I checked it but that changes nothing to the problem of the international variant not being displayed in the layout list.]


Unity .desktop Actions internationalization and localization?

You should be able to translate the Action's Name property just like you can elsewhere in the .desktop file.  Usually this means using _Name with the untranslated string in yourapp.deskop.in, then using whatever tool it is that applies translations to .desktop files.


gnome-keyring asks for "unnamed" key instead of real name

Ok, with seahorse you can actually rename the key, but it's original name is not "Unnamed" it is "Secure Shell Key".


why does nmap seems to have problems to see my android devices, sometimes it would see them but sometimes not

As @cremefraiche notes in the comments, Nmap's host discovery phase (sometimes called "ping scan") is not the same thing as ICMP Echo Request (as used by the ping utility). In some cases (with root permissions against a target in a different subnet) the ICMP echo request is used, but it would never be used against targets on the same AP as the scanner, unless you explicitly use the --disable-arp-ping option.

For reasons I'll get to later, I would guess that you are not running this scan with root (sudo) privileges. In this case, Nmap's host discovery is implemented by trying to connect to TCP ports 80 and 443; if either of these is rejected or accepted, the host is considered to be "up." If the connections time out (which can happen with a firewalled system), then the host is marked "down."

If you were running with root privilege, Nmap would send an ARP request to determine the MAC address of the IP you are targeting. Answering this kind of request is a requirement to being connected on an Ethernet or wireless LAN, so it is pretty much guaranteed to work. If you are using sudo and still not getting a response, then you should probably file a bug report with the Nmap project (dev@nmap.org).


It seems your system is not loading the driver responsible to communicate with the webcam. Try executing this in one terminal

sudo modprobe uvcvideo

This should provide no output. If you get any error post it in the comments. Then try to use the webcam (with Cheese, by example).

If this solves your problem, you should add uvcvideo to /etc/modules file, to force the system to load it at boot time. The content of that file at the end should be

# /etc/modules: kernel modules to load at boot time.
#
# This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded
# at boot time, one per line. Lines beginning with "#" are ignored.

loop
lp
rtc

uvcvideo


You sadly can't seem to change the board size in KCheckers - you can change the board to 'simple-big' in the 'View' menu, but that does not make much difference. It may have last been updated in 2005, so is a real space for development.

You may  want to try this - though it is designed for Ubuntu Touch, it is shown working in Ubuntu 13.04 (with a cursor... so I looks like it works on the Desktop Ubuntu as well.) - though I get this error when trying to open it:

wmobbs@whm2:~$ qmlscene --desktop_file_hint=/usr/share/applications/checkers.desktop /usr/share/checkers/checkers.qml
file:///usr/share/checkers/checkers.qml:49 ToolbarActions is not a type

I should do a bug report later.

If you are using 13.04, you may want to update it, as 13.04 is now End Of Life - example instructions here.


Cannot read external hard disk folders created in Ubuntu

As others have said this is file permissions.

Use Microsoft's "xcacls" (a downloadable tool by Microsoft for Windows sysadmins) because I believe it's a Windows issue. I used to see this on Windows Servers sometimes when the ACL (Access Control List) is borked.

Take ownership of everything (important) and then assign 'full control' access level.

You shouldn't have to do it each time.


Which LiveCD image for USB stick to intall/update GRUB2 on BIOS compatible machine

The current Ubuntu iso files can be cloned to a USB drive, and the result is a live drive, that can boot both in UEFI mode and BIOS mode.
The boot mode is controlled by the settings in the computer's UEFI/BIOS system (and independent of the operating system).

You can use the Ubuntu Startup Disk Creator in your installed Ubuntu (18.04LTS) system for this purpose.
There are also other tools that can do it (actually all cloning tools), but I think it is most straightforward to use the Ubuntu Startup Disk Creator for this purpose.


Ethernet and wifi not working after package update 12.04 LTS

Let's try to coax your ethernet to life first so we can use it to fix the wireless. Please hook up the ethernet with a known good cable, open a terminal and do:

sudo modprobe r8169
ifconfig

Do you have an ethernet interface, probably eth0? If so, then do:

sudo ethtool -s eth0 speed 100 autoneg off

Now does it connect? If so, we'll amend one file and make it persistent. If not, see if the logs have any clues:

dmesg | grep -e eth0 -e r816

Glad the ethernet is working! As for the wireless, in Ubuntu 12.04, it is probably impossible to get working unless you have installed a 64-bit system; check:

arch

If so, please check here: How do I install BCM43142 wireless drivers for Dell Vostro 3460/3560? Otherwise, I suggest you install Ubuntu 14.04 LTS or 14.10 in which case, all you need do is:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

And then reboot.

If the ethernet driver refuses to load on boot, please do:

sudo -i
echo r8169  >>  /etc/modules
depmod -a
exit

You should be all set.