How do I eliminate screen tearing on 14.04 and XBMC with NVidia-331?

I too had this problem after upgrading to 14.04

The solution mentioned here worked wonders for me,

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xorg-server/+bug/1278012/comments/12

A workaround for ubuntu 14.04 with nvidia driver is to disable backing store in xorg:
Make sure you have the "-bs" option in lightdm config file:

cat /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-xserver-command.conf
[SeatDefaults]
# Dump core
xserver-command=X -bs -core

If you're using another mechanism for starting X you can use the same flag in a similar way. For example, here's startx which is popularly used in XBMC (and other kiosk applications') startup scripts:

startx /etc/X11/Xsession /usr/bin/xbmc-standalone -- -bs


I had this problem until I installed proprietary video drivers. System Settings->Software and Updates->Additional Drivers.

For nvidia you can just open a terminal and type: sudo apt-get install nvidia-current


You do not need to use USB to install with Virtual Box.  Download the version of Ubuntu you wish to use (the .iso file) to your hard disk and then mount that file as a virtual CD drive in your Virtual Box VM.  It will then boot from that virtual CD as if it were an actual disc - no CD/DVD drive required - and will guide you through the installation process.

This process is described in the first chapter manual:

https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch01.html#idp50988256

VirtualBox is pretty nice in that if you name the machine appropriately it will try to guess the OS and architecture you are using.  For example, I usually call mine something like ubuntu-1204-64 (Version 12.04, 64 bit) so I can easily distinguish it from other versions and it will automatically select the correct OS, correct architecture.


How to get curl verbose output without the TLS negotiation?

Not as of curl 7.70.0 (released April 2020) man page

The best you can do is to filter the -v output, e.g.

$ curl -sv -I https://google.com 2>&1 | grep '^[<>]'
> HEAD / HTTP/2
> Host: google.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.64.1
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/2 301
< location: https://www.google.com/
< content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
< date: Wed, 06 May 2020 01:05:57 GMT
...


So, for the server, from the Terminal:

sudo apt-get remove --purge samba
sudo apt-get install samba

But, if you are having client problems, it would be more like:

sudo apt-get remove --purge smbclient libsmbclient
sudo apt-get install smbclient libsmbclient

Update:

Note that this answer only applies to Ubuntu 11.10! More recent Ubuntus will probably remove useful software with the apt remove command, so be sure to check what is being removed and if needed "cherrypick" packages in synaptic or similar.


Can I sync with my iOS4 device such as iPhone 4 and iPad?

Open up the Synaptic Package Manager
Go to the Repositories (Under Settings)
Add this source -  ppa:pmcenery/ppa
Click Close and then click the 'Reload' button at the top left of the Synaptic Package Manager
After it's finished reloading search for - libimobiledevice1
You will see two package in the list, install both of them
Now click the 'mark all upgrades' button and click 'mark' when the popup appears then click the 'Apply' button of the Synaptic Package Manager.
The software packages will then be downloaded and installed.
Restart your computer and login back in.
The 1st time you connect you ipod/iphone/ipad with rhythmbox open it will unmount. Just close rhythmbox then disconnect and reconnect you ipod/iphone. You should now see your ipod/iphone/ipad listed under Devices in rhythmbox.

Notes -  Always best not to have rhythmbox open before you connect your ipod/iphone/ipad
Rhythmbox is only supported, rhythmbox may say the songs are transferred but the 'Sync in Progress' is usually shown on the ipod/iphone/ipad after so just wait till you no longer see this displayed.

For a more detailed how to, see hee - http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=53489


Will the Ubuntu installer delete my HP recovery drive?

Yes.

The best option (in my opinion) is to always use "something else". Remove the partitions you want erased. Recreate partitions as you want and do not mount and do not format the recovery partition.


Install Win10 Pro 64 bit on Laptop Dell Vostro 3580 AFTER Ubuntu 18 desktop

1) Is it possible to install Windows 10 Pro 64 bit from a "regular"- off the shelf- stick/DVD distribution as the second OS, keeping the already installed UBUNTU as the first OS and having dual boot? Yes.  See How can I install Windows after I've installed Ubuntu? for specific instructions.  Alternatively, you could install VirtualBox or another virtualization system in Ubuntu, then do a virtual install of Windows.

2) I believe that Ubuntu 18 is desktop version, not server version. Is it possible to install LAMP suite on my laptop ?  Yes. See https://askubuntu.com/a/998495/197910


Will it be safe for me to upgrade my Maverick kernel to 2.6.39.1?

i tried it and my system crashed, like totally.  i'm 61 years old and do not normally use phrases such as that;  but installing the newest kernel can, may crash your system. stick with what you have for now.   i'm upgrading to zorin 5.  will do a clean install.  i have tried upgrading to a new kernel several times and have had major problems every time.


where/how do i find the file for 'sound' of 'system settings'?

The .desktop file on my Gnome3 shell has this command:

gnome-control-center sound


Problems updating and re-installing VLC in Ubuntu 11.10

I've had this happen to me, too. You'll have to open a terminal.
The first thing is to check for broken dependencies:

sudo apt-get install -f

If that doesn't work, I would purge vlc and reinstall:

sudo apt-get purge vlc*
sudo aptitude purge $(dpkg -l|grep ^rc|awk '{ print $2 }')
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get install vlc

I'm not sure if this will work, but let us know and I can adjust depending on your results.


Install Ubuntu on pre-made hard drive partition mac

Linux distros require 2 partitions; 1 for / (known as root-equiv of c:\ in windows) and a swap partition (virtual memory in windows). If memory correctly serves, the installation should take care of that for you within the partition that you choose to install into. It is also necessary to choose a file system type that Linux will work with (older ext2, ext3, reiserfs. I currently installed using ext4).
But I wonder if you are having a problem installing to a partition on an external HD. There might be a way to check; when installation begins, and you are in the area where partition selection takes place, there is a way to choose 'manually configure partitions'. After choosing that, there should
be a list of partitions from which to choose. If so, choose the space where you wish ubuntu to reside, and create your / and swap partitions within that space. Install should carry on fine from this point.
If you do not see a list of partitions, then your external HD is not being seen, and that is almost certainly a situation wherein USB is not setup yet.
                       Hope this helps  Craig

If you are seeing partitions, then remember that you DO NOT want to choose the Windows Partition (should be filesystem NTFS). Click on the partition that you want to be /(root), set up the file system choice (EXT4?), pick another partition for your swap, and click 'save changes'. Ubuntu will then install per your choices, and should automatically set up GRUB for dual booting. Hope this clarifies and gets you on your way  Craig


How to move all files in current folder to subfolder?

The command

mv !(new) new

should do the trick. If it doesn't work, run shopt -s extglob first.

To also move hidden files/directories (that beginning with a dot), run also shopt -s dotglob first.
So, to sum up:

shopt -s extglob dotglob
mv !(new) new
shopt -u dotglob

(it is always better to unset dotglob to avoid bad surprises).


How to take a screenshot at every mouse click

I can't provide a direct answer but I solved the problem through my discipline.

Instead of taking a screenshot at every mouse click, do a keyboard combination to run a screenshot capturing software before every mouse click. This requires some discipline from the user, but after working on it for an hour I gained the capacity of habitually do a keyboard combination before clicking.

The virtual session I am running is with this:

$ vnc4server # Google search for how to connect to the virtual session.

The window manager I used was ratpoison (not the best available, just the one I happen to have). The configuration for the shortcut key Ctrl+t F1 is this:

$ cat .ratpoisonrc
bind F1 exec xwd -root -out /tmp/"`date +'%T.%3N'`"

The additional parameter after date is needed because sometimes two screenshots have to be captured in one second, requiring finer filenames. The output file needs to be processed with xwdtopnm later, but the advantage is that the screenshot is taken instantly - other software sometimes captures the screenshot in 0.1 seconds delay, at which time the mouse button might already be clicked.


Can I recover my Windows product key from Ubuntu?

First recover your Ubuntu with going to recovery mode and running
sudo apt install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

This answer is not written by me but by Thomas on Superuser, please vote there, if you vote here thanks

There is a great tool available for Linux called chntpw. You can get
it easily on Debian/Ubuntu via:
sudo apt install chntpw
To look into the relevant registry file mount the Windows disk and
open it like so:
chntpw -e /path/to/windisk/Windows/System32/config/SOFTWARE
Now to get the decoded DigitalProductId enter this command:
dpi \Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\DigitalProductId

A comment from below says

The path to the relevant registry file is
/path/to/windisk/Windows/System32/config/RegBack/SOFTWARE


Tool for measuring readability of English text

The diction  package contains a tool called style:

  Style  analyses the surface characteristics of the writing style of a
  document.  It prints
         various readability grades, length of words, sentences and  paragraphs.   It  can  further
         locate  sentences  with  certain  characteristics.

For example, if I evaluate your question body (saved in a file flux_question) to print the sentences with a readability index (ARI) over 10:

$ style -r 10 flux_question
flux_question:1: Is there a command line program that takes a file containing English text, analyzes the text, and outputs its readability scores?
flux_question:2: For example, if one feeds the program a text, the program should output the Flesch-Kincaid grade level, McLaughlin's SMOG grading, etc.
readability grades:
        Kincaid: 10.2
        ARI: 10.8
        Coleman-Liau: 12.5
        Flesch Index: 51.1/100
        Fog Index: 12.0
        Lix: 48.6 = school year 9
        SMOG-Grading: 11.2
sentence info:
        333 characters
        65 words, average length 5.12 characters = 1.65 syllables
        4 sentences, average length 16.2 words
        25% (1) short sentences (at most 11 words)
        0% (0) long sentences (at least 26 words)
        1 paragraphs, average length 4.0 sentences
        25% (1) questions
        25% (1) passive sentences
        longest sent 21 wds at sent 2; shortest sent 8 wds at sent 4
word usage:
        verb types:
        to be (1) auxiliary (2)
        types as % of total:
        conjunctions 5% (3) pronouns 9% (6) prepositions 2% (1)
        nominalizations 0% (0)
sentence beginnings:
        pronoun (1) interrogative pronoun (0) article (0)
        subordinating conjunction (0) conjunction (0) preposition (0)

To filter the output you can use e.g. tail -n8 to get only the grades or grep 'Flesch\|SMOG' to just print the Flesch Index and the SMOG-Grading:

$ style flux_question | grep 'Flesch\|SMOG'
        Flesch Index: 51.7/100
        SMOG-Grading: 11.2

Further reading

man style
linux.com article: Improve your writing with the GNU style checkers


How to adjust screen settings: contrast, color saturation, etc

Personally, I use terminal commands xgamma for contrast and occasionally  xrandr for brightness (though mostly I use the native brightness setting - more on that later ).

To change contrast with xgamma , do

xgamma -gamma $1

Where $1 is a decimal value. It can be 1.5 or .5 , but the values above those values can be harsh on the eyes, so play with the values in that range.

To change brightness  with xrandr , you need to know the name of your display. Run xrandr to find that out, should be mentioned as connected primary.

To change brightness, do

  xrandr --output $SCREEN --brightness $VALUE

where $SCREEN  is the value of your connected primary and $VALUE is decimal number, again in range from 0 (completely off) to whatever

Personally , what I'd do is spawn gnome-settings-daemon or unity-settings-daemon command , whichever is available, and use the following two commands to change brightness :

qdbus org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Power /org/gnome/SettingsDaemon/Power org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Power.Screen.StepUp
qdbus org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Power /org/gnome/SettingsDaemon/Power org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Power.Screen.StepDown

( provided of course that you have qdbus installed ; it is so for Default Ubuntu with Unity, but I don't know about Xubuntu .  If you don't have the settings daemon, you can install it with sudo apt-get install gnome-settings-daemon )


Actually, the version of Ubuntu you download does matter, though there are not specific builds for Mac hardware vs. PC hardware.  Not all the versions are compatible with all the models of MacBook.  Fortunately, there is an awesome guide that breaks it down by model and tells you which versions will work.

This guide will also give you great instructions about improving compatibility with Mac hardware.

If you have an Intel based Mac, you may want to install the Mactel Support Team PPA.  Follow the instructions for your specific model and you'll do fine.


Almost all barcode scanners will work (serial port connectors need a little extra config but they're pretty rare now).  They'll work just like a second keyboard (for USB connections) or a regular keyboard (for wedge types).  Most scanners are preconfigured to emulate a keyboard but can be reconfigured for POS applications.
We use Datalogic scanners with Ubuntu (both USB and Wedge types) and they work perfectly.


Can I create an Ubuntu One account without downloading Ubuntu One?

You can create a Ubuntu One account at https://one.ubuntu.com


How to install minimal but functional MATE DE from network boot mini.iso?

You have two options here:

Select Ubuntu MATE minimal desktop on package/task selection page.
Install minimal system and then install all needed packages with tasksel:

sudo tasksel install ubuntu-mate-core

The resulting system will be small (about 4 Gb), but functional.
You can then adjust this basement to suite your needs.

Notes:

if you have at least 8.6 Gb of disk space - you can use official Ubuntu MATE installer and select minimal installation in it.
if you are interested in installing the full MATE DE - it is installable from other task package named ubuntu-mate-desktop^ - see my other answer.
do not use tasksel to remove packages from the system (see this post for details)!


Dual monitor setup on 11.10 without Xinerama AMD/ATI prop. drivers series Radeon 9800

There is no way for Xinerama to work with 3d acceleration right now, it may possibly work in the future. For the second monitor, the window manager is active, but I'm assuming your using unity, unity can't be forced onto two screens, neither can gnome shell to my understanding. There just to new right now, in the future this will be different. What you can do is switch to a different desktop environment, KDE or gnome 2 or XFCE or even a window manager like open box. From there with in those environments, you can add panels to the second x session.

I know your pain I've been looking for a way to get xinerama fully working with 3d as well but there is none right now.


Set Ctrl+Alt+T to open a maximized terminal

In gconf-editor set the key

/apps/compiz-1/plugins/gnomecompat/screen0/options/command_terminal

to gnome-terminal --maximize


Desktop shortcut to end a specific process

I figured it out, just created a new executable file with the kill command and linked to that in the .desktop file.

The name of the file doesn't matter but it must end in .desktop.

[Desktop Entry]
Name=EndConky
Exec=/usr/share/applications/killConky
Terminal=false
Type=Application

Name is just what you see once the file has been run and marked as trusted, this will only change when viewing the file in the GUI, the original .desktop filename will still show in the terminal.

Exec is the location of the file you want to run. It does not need to be in /usr/share/applications.

If Terminal is true the terminal will open when running the file.

The /usr/share/applications/killConky file contains the command that I want to run.
In this case:

pkill -9 -u $USER conky

I used $USER so it would still work with other users.

Its probably obvious but both the .desktop and exec files must be executable. To do this use chmod.

chmod 754 ~/Desktop/kill_conky.desktop
chmod 755 /usr/share/applications/killConky


Running Peppermint's Ice on vanilla Ubuntu 16.04?

As far as I can tell you just need to merge the usr directory from the repo with your own, I just did sudo cp -dr usr/* /usr/ and it seems to be working fine.


How to backup/restore system custom keyboard shortcuts?

Gnome-Control-Center (used by Unity and Gnome Shell) stores its key bindings in the per-user Dconf database directories /org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/ and /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/ (source).

The easiest way to keep them across system re-installations is to keep the per-user configuration directories (~/.config or more specifically ~/.config/dconf/user for Dconf only). Most of the time it's not necessary or desirable to purge the per-user configuration files anyway.

If you can't or won't keep your old Dconf database you can use the dconf command to export (“dump”) parts of it into a file and import (“load”) it later. The relevant Dconf directories are

/org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/ for pre-defined shortcuts and
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/ for custom, user-defined shortcuts.

The following example saves the above Dconf directories  to two files keybindings.dconf and custom-keybindings.dconf and then restores them from the same files:

dconf dump '/org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/' > keybindings.dconf
dconf dump '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/' > custom-keybindings.dconf

dconf load '/org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/' < keybindings.dconf
dconf load '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/' < custom-keybindings.dconf


I really messed up my installation / wrong size for encrypted root partition

When you installed Ubuntu for the first time, you must have booted from some Live media (CD/DVD/USB) think hard and do the same thing again.

First, You cannot work on partitions from which you booted! Use a Live DVD/USB to boot and use gparted from there. You may be able to increase the size of your root partition but, given that it is encrypted, I doubt it.

Second, given the situation you created, it may be best to start over.

Ubuntu needs to create its own type of partitions, ext4, as it cannot use Windows NTFS partition. So your partition called D: cannot be used to install Ubuntu. Delete that partition and create some empty space. Since you are starting over, delete the other partitions created by Ubuntu installation. Now you have a big empty space.

Now install Ubuntu again. It will find the big empty space and use it to create the partitions in the correct formats, ext4 and Linux-Swap.

See a similar question I need to know how to boot ubuntu on an existing Windows XP partition and my answer.

Best of luck.


I want to merge launchers and active window programmes in XFCE4-Panel

I would recommend you to use two panels in XFCE4. I think there's no such panel plugin. That's why using plank or dockbarx will fullfil our necessities. For performance plank will use 15.3 MB Memory and XFCE4-panel will use 64.5 MB Memory of your system.
Attaching whisper menu to plank is not that much productive because when we click on the whisker menu that is attached in plank, it will lag in some sort.
So, using xfce4-panel at the top with the whisker menu in it and plank below will smooth your performance.
Codes:

Install plank: sudo apt install plank
Run whisker menu: xfce4-popup-whiskermenu -p

If you want to attach whiskermenu in plank you can create a whiskermenu launcher in Desktop and drag-drop it to plank. Use the upper code in launcher.


Putty fatal error: Network error: connection refused (ubunty server)

try pinging to the server., if you get ping replies that mean there is no problem with the network connection

please check if your ssh port is listening or not

netstat -atnp | grep 22

hope this helps


How to use the Digitus Serial to USB Adapter?

Connect your Serial cable to the adapter.
Connect the adapter to your USB port.
Enter dmesg | tail into the terminal.
There should be a line like:

  [49172.288653] usb 1-2: FTDI USB Serial Device converter now attached to ttyUSB0

Open Putty with gksudo putty in the terminal.
Select Serial and enter /dev/ttyUSB0 (or similar what you got two steps before)


Failure to install software from Software Center

Do a few things.

make sure you've got an active internet connection.
Make sure your internet is plugged in or connected to your system.
in terminal, run sudo apt-get update.
Tell us if that worked, otherwise tell us the error from the output.


Why can't I raise the priority level in 12.04 in gnome-system-monitor

Running as a normal user, this is normal.  You can only raise priorities as a super user.


How do I run Maltego after installing it?

To make sure it installed properly check to see if /usr/bin/maltego_community exists. You should be able to run this file to open Maltego.

You need superuser access for this:
To add the shortcut, make a new file called maltego-community.desktop
Open the file with a text editor and paste in the following:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=4.0
Type=Application
Name=Maltego Community
GenericName=Maltego Classic
Comment=Visualise, Map and Mine Data
Exec=/usr/bin/maltego_community
Icon=maltego_community

Terminal=false

Actions=ConfigureMemory;ShowWebsite;

[Desktop Action ConfigureMemory]
Name=Configure Memory
Exec=/usr/bin/maltego_community_memory_config

[Desktop Action ShowWebsite]
Name=Paterva Website
Exec=x-www-browser https://www.paterva.com

If Maltego doesn't run, it may be because you don't have Java installed.
Install it by running sudo apt install default-jre


A temporary fix is to boot with "psmouse.proto=bare" on the kernel cmdline.

$ sudoedit /etc/default/grub

Change GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT to add psmouse.proto=bare at the end, and save your modifications.

Then:

$ sudo update-grub

And finally reboot.


Is there a way to make a fullscreen on VirtualBox?

View -> Switch to Fullscreen Mode (or HOST+F)

Right CTRL is normally the default HOST key.

You need to install the Guest Additions to be able to adjust the guest screen geometry to the host in fullscreen mode.

Here are different instructions to install Guest Additions.


Booting to grub if Ubuntu USB is unplugged

Seems like you chose to install GRUB in your USB drive rather than in the computer's disk. Boot into the Live media and run, in a Terminal window:

sudo mount /dev/sdaX /mnt

replacing X with Ubuntu's partition number, and then

sudo grub-install /dev/sda --root-directory=/mnt

should do it.

Note: in the second command do not put any number after sda.


Can I create a new script and chmod it in one command?

Why yes there is! Let me introduce you to the install command. install is a GNU-standard application that lets you copy files around and specify certain things at the same time. The short syntax is install SOURCE DESTINATION.

However, "certain things" are important. You can specify the file mode with -m xxx (755 for writeable by owner and executable by anyone). And bash has a couple of tricks for redirecting new files and here-doc for accepting long-form data. Here's a quick example:

install -b -m 755 /dev/stdin ~/testbin << EOF
#!/bin/sh
echo "Success!"
EOF

Now you can run ~/testbin and it should echo out.

You can combine this with sudo for root-owned files or if you want to write as somebody else, you can sudo and use install's -o owner flag.

The -b flag just creates a backup if you run the command a second time. This is helpful if you're doing potentially destructive tasks.


I have a similar problem with timidity spinning on 14.04.

It worked to do sudo killall -9 timidity.  You need the sudo because the process is owned by the timidity userid.

I see a comment at at http://www.pclinuxos.com/forum/index.php?topic=124239.0 about something like this in KDE after logout, and a fix involving $HOME/.kde4/shutdown/MidExit which should say killall -9 timidity &

But though I use KDE on 14.04, I don't see a line like that, and I haven't logged out since reboot.

I reported it at https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/timidity/+bug/1638341


You can still use GParted on either the LiveCD or Boot-Repair.
Then decrease fs size with the same tool on either LiveCD or Boot-Repair


Ubuntu is recognizing your chip. The problem is that your system is using your intergrated intel GPU instead. Intel GPU's doesn't require any drivers at all, they just work. So for a Linux system this is ideal.

If you want to use your nvidia chipset, you will need to manually install the driver. But before your going to install a driver you should be aware of something that may have a very big influence on your graphics setup, Nvidia Optimus.

Nvidia optimus is a technology that controls the use of multiple graphics drivers.

So if you are browsing the internet is switches to your intel gpu for low power.
and when your gaming at high res it switches to nvidia for max preformance.

I suspect that your laptop is using Optimus because of your two diffrent GPU's (Intel and nvidia). Mainly because my own laptop has a similar setup (intel i5 with geforce gt 630m).

Now Optimus is not supported for linux by nvidia, but there is a third party solution that works just fine for me called Bumblebee. to install bumblebee:

sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia

make sure you purge your system from any half-installed nvidia drivers.

after a reboot you can use your nvidia chipset by:

optirun Your_Program_name_here

that's about it let us know if this did or didn't work,Good luck!


According to man sftp:

 sftp [user@]host[:file ...]

So you need a colon : between the server name and path.

sftp 192.168.1.x:/home/directory

Or better still, use a tilde ~ for the home directory!

sftp 192.168.1.x:~/


Read here. Summary (all text by ayisu):

For example, if you're using the Human icon theme, create this directory structure (the new custom logo is in bold).

/home/username/.icons/Human/scalable/places/distributor-logo.png

Then press Alt-F2 and type:

killall gnome-panel


The LiveWireBT solution did the trick.

$ sudo rfkill list
0: tpacpi_bluetooth_sw: Bluetooth
    Soft blocked: yes
    Hard blocked: no
1: phy0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no

# The magic command is this one:
$ sudo rfkill unblock 0

$ sudo rfkill list
0: tpacpi_bluetooth_sw: Bluetooth
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no
1: phy0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no
6: hci0: Bluetooth
    Soft blocked: yes
    Hard blocked: no


Basic & most useful gnome-shell shortcuts

Alt+Tab -  Pop Up Application Switcher
Alt+Shift+Tab - Similar to above but in reverse order
Alt+F2 - Pop up command dialog, typically helpful for launching apps
Alt+F2 - then type ‘r‘ and hit Enter to reload Gnome Shell Theme
Alt+F1 or System Key (Super Key) : overview of desktop (same when you slide the mouse to top left corner (Hot Corner))
Ctrl+Alt+Tab - Pop up Accessibility switcher
Ctrl+Shift+Alt+R - Start and end screencast recording
Ctrl+Alt+Up/Down Arrow key : Used to switch between workspaces
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Up/Down Arrow key : Moves the current window to a different workspace
Ctrl+Enter - Launch a shell command in new Terminal window

Add a custom Keyboard Shortcut

Go to System Settings -> Keyboard -> Shortcuts to view the existing shortcuts or to add one or edit the existing one as you want.

Source


Is there an Ubuntu sanity check for malware?

If you are looking for a simple sanity check, you could try this answer: Can dpkg verify files from an installed package. This suggests using

sudo dpkg --verify

to check for mismatches on the md5sums. On my system, this shows up things like ??5??????   /usr/bin/easy_install which may have been modified legitimately by something other than dpkg or apt-get.


I assume you now have 11.10 installed reading you other posted question.

You have a dependencies conflict likely due to the installed version of Wine 1.3.

This is a know bug #793777 and has not been resolved yet.


A quick Google search shows that your processor should be good to run 64 bit.

Look here under specifications.

Will it run smooth?  That depends on how you use it. I have run into a rare issue once or twice where I had to load 32 bit libraries to get something to work. But another Google of the issue led me to a fix for that.

Here's what I would do, either burn an amd64 Ubuntu ISO to disk or make a bootable USB stick if your system sports USB booting.  Start Ubuntu as a live CD rather than choosing to install and see how things work on it. If everything seems to run okay, you should be able to install with relative certainty that it will work for you.

Remember rule #1 though, Google is your best friend when you run into issues.

Good luck!


Found while trying to solve another problem with Bluetooth this fixed both issues, I'm not sure why or how.

FIX

The actual hardware (sensor or other device).
 * Technical documentation on the hardware that explains the low level
   communications (or circuit diagram for analog sensors).
-* A computer or virtual machine running Ubuntu 14.04. (Other Linux distros are
+* A computer or virtual machine running Ubuntu 16.04. (Other Linux distros are
   OK, but this is what we officially support.)
 * An EV3 serial port adapter like [mindsensors.com EV3 Console Adapter] or
   [make your own][ev3-creating-a-console-cable].
64 docs/tutorials/connecting-to-the-internet-via-bluetooth.md
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ If you are using an older version, please upgrade.
             robot@ev3dev:~$

{: tab="Ubuntu"}{% include icon.html type="info" %}

These instructions were written using Ubuntu 14.04 and the default desktop.
These instructions were written using Ubuntu 16.04 and the default desktop.
It should work for other versions of Ubuntu, derivatives of Ubuntu and
desktop environments as well.
{: .alert .alert-info}
@@ -241,52 +241,46 @@ If you are using an older version, please upgrade.

 sudo apt-get install blueman

{% include icon.html type="info" %}
The default Ubuntu Unity desktop does not show the blueman-applet
icon in the notification tray. If you would like to enable this, please see
this{: .alert-link}.
{: .alert .alert-info}

Run the Blueman Bluetooth Manager.

Run blueman-services from a terminal. (Or if you have the tray icon,

right-click on it and choose "Local Services...")
{% include screenshot.html source="/images/ubuntu/16.04/blueman-manager-icon.png" %}

Go to network. Ensure you activated Network Access Point (NAP) and

dnsmasq. For PAN support choose NetworkManager but for DUN-support
choose Blueman. Then click Close.

On the View menu, select Local Services....

{% include screenshot.html source="/images/ubuntu/15.10/blueman-services-network.png" %}
{% include screenshot.html source="/images/ubuntu/16.04/blueman-manager-view-local-services.png" %}
{% include icon.html type="info" %}
If your EV3 is already paired, you will need to remove it and pair it
again so that it will see the new network service.
{: .alert .alert-info}

Go to Network. Check Network Access Point (NAP) and dnsmasq. Change

the IP address to 10.42.0.1 (this matches the old default from Ubuntu
14.04). For PAN support choose NetworkManager. DUN-support does not
matter, we are not using it. Then click Apply and Close.

On the EV3, first verify that Bluetooth is powered on. In brickman,

{% include screenshot.html source="/images/ubuntu/16.04/blueman-services-network.png" %}
+
+

On the EV3, first verify that Bluetooth is powered on. In brickman,
open the Wireless and Networks menu and select Bluetooth. Make sure the
Powered checkbox is checked. The Bluetooth icon next to the battery in the
status bar also indicates that Bluetooth is powered on.

{% include screenshot.html source="/images/brickman/bluetooth-powered-visible-no-devices.png" %}

-    5.  On your host computer, make sure Bluetooth is powered on and visible.

-        {% include screenshot.html source="/images/ubuntu/15.10/bluetooth-app-indicator-powered-visible.png" %}

On the EV3, select Start Scan on the Bluetooth menu. It should find your

-        computer.

{% include screenshot.html source="/images/brickman/bluetooth-powered-my-computer.png" %}

Back on your host computer, Click Search (1) to search for your EV3. Once

it appears, click the pair icon (2) to pair it. You will be asked to confirm
on both the EV3 and the host computer. Finally, after you have paired,
click the trust icon (3) to allow the EV3 to automatically connect.

Select your computer from the menu and then select the Pair button.

{% include screenshot.html source="/images/ubuntu/16.04/blueman-manager-search-pair-trust.png" %}

-        {% include screenshot.html source="/images/brickman/bluetooth-my-computer-not-paired.png" %}

Confirm or enter the passkey if requested. The exact behavior here will

depend on the Bluetooth adapter on your host computer.
{% include screenshot.html source="/images/ubuntu/16.04/bluetooth-pairing-request.png" %}

 {% include screenshot.html source="/images/brickman/bluetooth-confirm-passkey.png" %}

You should have a Network Connection button. Select it to

{% include icon.html type="info" %}
If your EV3 is already paired, you will need to remove it and pair it
again so that it will see the new network service.
{: .alert .alert-info}
+

You should now have a Network Connection button. Select it to
 open the network connection settings. (You can also find the connection
 in Wireless and Networks > All Network Connections.)

@@ -298,17 +292,17 @@ If you are using an older version, please upgrade.
         Connect on the Network Connection screen below instead.
         {: .alert .alert-info}

Select Connect here. You can also check the box for Connect automatically.

Select Connect here. You can also check the box for Connect automatically.
 This way you don't have to connect manually after you reboot.

{% include screenshot.html source="/images/brickman/networking-my-computer-0-connect-selected.png" %}

State should change to Online to indicate that the EV3 has an Internet

State should change to Online to indicate that the EV3 has an Internet
 connection.

{% include screenshot.html source="/images/brickman/networking-my-computer-0-disconnect-selected-online.png" %}

Now we are going to connect to the EV3 using ssh. In a terminal, run the

Now we are going to connect to the EV3 using ssh. In a terminal, run the
 following command.

 ssh robot@ev3dev.local

@@ -329,7 +323,7 @@ If you are using an older version, please upgrade.

Enter your password when prompted. The default password is maker.

Enter your password when prompted. The default password is maker.


Wireless not Working on Dell Latitude D430 16.04

The package is supported and available in Ubuntu 16.04. With a temporary working internet connection by ethernet, tethered or whatever means possible, please open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

Reboot.


Hot to stop Shotwell wallpaper slideshow

Change the wallpaper from System Setings, it will automatically stop.


How do I recover accidentally deleted /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id?

Just reinstall the openssh-client.
sudo apt install --reinstall openssh-client


Can Vagrant or Docker replace Clonezilla for dev machine cloning onto virtual machines?

Sure but they're different approaches to roughly the same thing.

Clonezilla (et al) involves taking a complete bootloader-through-application image. It's big and there's no de-duplication. If you have 50 instances of a similar stack, take a full backup of each and store 50 full images. You store a load of stuff that is easily replaceable.
Docker installs on stock Ubuntu (installable from a CD). Each container can be based on a public image. You overlay your irreplaceable data over the top. That's all you need to back up. In the previous scenario that means there are now 50 base copies of Ubuntu you don't have to back up.

To restore the first you just need to get your image and burn it. To restore an entire Docker stack you need to reinstall Ubuntu, Docker, grab the [tiny] Ubuntu base image and then reinstall your layers and configuration. You can —and should— automate the buildout process (Chef, Puppet, etc).

The long term ramification is simple: disk space. You can back up your Docker app a billion times in the same space as your Clonezilla images... At the cost of complexity.

Sidebar: While I'm mentioning automation, there is a third school of thought that just uses Chef/Puppet to automate the installation and configuration of Ubuntu installs. You end up with full installs so none of the runtime memory/storage benefits Docker affords you, but small backups and easy replication.

Containers are a good idea. Containers and layers are probably an even better idea. I'm still yet to implement them in anger but I'm only just starting to see the benefits of LXC so it won't be long, I'm sure.

And in your case don't forget you can use both backup techniques at once if you're unsure. That's to say, you can take a Clonezilla image of a Docker host (and still keep backups of your private Docker images elsewhere)


I installed MySQL server. but it doesn't work?

You can't access mysql with user root without using a username, this is normal behavior of mysql.

All you have is to provide the password using -p option

mysql -u vindhya -p userPassword


The shebang line must be the very first thing in the file. Since you use bash features, the first line of the file must be

  #!/bin/bash or #!/usr/bin/env bash.


Bose Color II SoundLink Keeps Disconnecting on Ubuntu 19.10

Enter this command in terminal:

sudo apt install bluetooth pulseaudio-module-bluetooth

Reboot and now the speaker will stay connected.


Can someone help me install Bitconnect Wallet (tar file) on Ubuntu 14.04?

Step by step:

1.Download your software to /tmp/Bitconnect-Ubuntu14-64bit.tar

wget https://github.com/bitconnectcoin/bitconnectcoin/blob/master/setup/bitconnect-linux-wallet/Bitconnect-Ubuntu14-64bit.tar?raw=true -O /tmp/Bitconnect-Ubuntu14-64bit.tar

2.Open terminal with CtrlAltT and enter commands

cd /tmp
tar -xvf Bitconnect-Ubuntu14-64bit.tar
sudo ./install.sh
sudo apt-get install libqt5widgets5

here:

cd /tmp changes directory to /tmp;
tar -xvf extracts Bitconnect-Ubuntu14-64bit.tar file (-x - eXtract, -v - verbose, -f - filename);
sudo ./install.sh launches installation script to install program system-wide;
sudo apt-get install libqt5widgets5 installs necessary Qt5 system dependencies.

3.You can find installed application in Applications menu or launch it from terminal with bitconnect-qt.


Indicator Menu Replacement for notification area?

If I understand your question correctly, you are not looking for a menu but for a GNOME applet that will integrate into a panel and display these icons in an expandable menu-like view. There is no such applet that I know of, but you state that you need this in order to solve space problems on a netbook. If so, I'd suggest creating a second panel, moving the "panel notification area" (aka systray) there and setting the panel to a small size and autohide somewhere on a screen edge.

Alternatively, you could also move any other elements from your main panel there -- I generally create an auto-hiding application launcher on the right screen edge where it does not take away space and is easily reachable by "throwing" the mouse to the top right corner.


Transferring NetBeans IDE for Windows to NetBeans IDE for an Ubuntu based distro

Can I use a USB flash drive or cloud storage to transfer the folders from Windows to Linux and keep the integrity of the data?

Yes you can:

format USB with FAT32 because is windows GNU/Linux compatible
copy into your home/your-user-name/netbeansprj linux directory
convert the EOLs from win to GNU/Linux
use chmod to change your file bit mode to -rw-r--r-- for files and drwxr-xr-x for directories

  Where in Luna should I place the folders so that my projects show up in the NetBeans IDE app?

Wherever you like:

for examplein home/your-user-name/netbeansprj
than in Netbeans choose File > Open project... and navigate to home/your-user-name/netbeansprj
finally select your project folder

  Can this data transfer be done through the command line?

Not necessarily.


How to move from screen 1 to screen 3 by moving cursor to the left and vice versa?

Script to connect screens "circular"

The script below will do as you describe; if the mouse touches the right edge of the right (-most) screen, the mouse re- appears on the left (-most) screen. If it touches the left side of the left screen, it re- appears on the right side of the right screen.

Built- in precautions

The script assumes the screens are arranged in a non- overlapping configuration, x-wise, but it has a built- in correction in case the screens are not top- aligned, or of a different y- resolution. Although you wouldn't run into problems in most cases, in the situation below you would, unless the script takes into account the possible differences in y- resolution and /or (un-) alignment of the screens:

If the top of the left screen is below the top of the right screen, the cursor moves from top- right to the top of the left screen. Possibly un- aligned bottom idem ditto

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import time

def get_screendata():
    data = [s.split("+") for s in subprocess.check_output(["xrandr"]).decode("utf-8").split() \
            if s.count("+") == 2]
    # calculate total x-size of spanning screens
    x_span = sum([int(item[0].split("x")[0]) for item in data])
    # sort screens to find first/last screen (also for 2+ screens)
    data.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])
    # find (possible) screen offset of first/last screen and vertical area
    scr_first = data[0]; shiftl = int(scr_first[2])
    areal = [shiftl, shiftl+int(scr_first[0].split("x")[1])]
    scr_last = data[-1]; shiftr = int(scr_last[2])
    arear = [shiftr, shiftr+int(scr_last[0].split("x")[1])]
    return (x_span, areal, arear)

screendata = get_screendata()
x_span = screendata[0]; areal = screendata[1]; arear = screendata[2]
new_coords = []

while True:
    time.sleep(0.5)
    new_coords = []
    # read the current mouse position
    pos = [int(s.split(":")[-1]) for s in \
           subprocess.check_output(["xdotool", "getmouselocation"]).decode("utf-8").split()\
           if any(["x" in s, "y" in s])]
    # if the mouse is on the left of the first screen
    if pos[0] == 0:
        new_coords.append(x_span-2)
        if pos[1] <=  arear[0]:
            new_coords.append(arear[0]+2)
        elif pos[1] >= arear[1]:
            new_coords.append(arear[1]-2)
        else:
            new_coords.append(pos[1])
    # if the mouse is on the right of the last screen
    elif pos[0] > x_span-2:
        new_coords.append(2)
        if pos[1] <=  areal[0]:
            new_coords.append(areal[0]+2)
        elif pos[1] >= areal[1]:
            new_coords.append(areal[1]-2)
        else:
            new_coords.append(pos[1])
    # move the mouse
    if new_coords:
        subprocess.Popen(["xdotool", "mousemove", str(new_coords[0]), str(new_coords[1])])

How to use

The script needs xdotool

sudo apt-get install xdotool

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as circular_mouse.py
Test- run the script by running in a terminal:

python3 /path/to/circular_mouse.py

You should be able to make an infinite mouse movement to either right or left, circulation through your screens.
If all works fine, add it to startup applications: Dash > Startup Applications > Add the command:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 15 &&  python3 /path/to/circular_mouse.py"


GNOME tweak tool made mouse unable to click on buttons

I installed and launched compizconfig-settings-manager, went to Preferences, and clicked Reset to defaults. Now left click works just like before.

(After that I had to do unity --reset in a Terminal in order to get back all the Dash and the window decorations properly, but a simple restart should also work.)


How to install Maxima and make syntax on Ubuntu Server 18.04

Maxima is a version of the MIT-developed MACSYMA system, modified to run under Common Lisp. It is an interactive expert system and programming environment for symbolic and numerical mathematical manipulation. Written in Lisp, it allows differentiation, integration, solution of linear or polynomial equations, factoring of polynomials, expansion of functions in Laurent or Taylor series, computation of Poisson series, matrix and tensor manipulations, and two- and three-dimensional  graphics. Procedures may be written using an ALGOL-like syntax, and both Lisp-like functions and pattern matching facilities are  provided. Files  containing  Maxima  objects may be read from and written to disk files. Pre-written Maxima commands may be read from a file and executed, allowing batch-mode use.

wxmaxima is a GUI for the Maxima computer algebra system.

To install maxima command-line program in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu, open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install maxima

$ maxima

Maxima 5.41.0 http://maxima.sourceforge.net
using Lisp GNU Common Lisp (GCL) GCL 2.6.12
Distributed under the GNU Public License.
(%i1) fpprec:1500000$

(%i2) bfloat(sqrt(2))$
time
(%i3) time(%);
(%o3)                                [7.1]
(%i4)

Here is the same input solved in wxMaxima GUI application.

The syntax highlighting in the center pane is explained here

Content of the content.xml file which was created by wxMaxima is shown below. This file can be accessed by renaming the saved file from wxMaxima from untitled.wxmx to untitled.zip, and then extracting the content.xml file from the .zip archive.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--   Created by wxMaxima 18.02.0   -->
<!--https://andrejv.github.io/wxmaxima/-->

<wxMaximaDocument version="1.5" zoom="100" activecell="1">

<cell type="code">
<input>
<editor type="input">
<line>fpprec:1500000$</line>
<line>bfloat(sqrt(2))$</line>
<line>time(%);</line>
<line></line>
</editor>
</input>
<output>
<mth><lbl>(%o3) </lbl><t>[</t><n>7.05</n><t>]</t>
</mth></output>
</cell>

</wxMaximaDocument>


Updating Ubuntu installed on a USB drive

New version of a live Ubuntu system

If you want to update the USB pendrive with a new version of Ubuntu, simply download the iso file and use the Startup Disk Creator to install it. The old version will be overwritten and the new version will be there.

There will be a live (live-only) system, which can be modified temporarily (in RAM), but the modifications will not persist after shutdown or reboot.

Most likely, the USB pendrive is writable, but the file system is not. The Startup Disk Creator in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and newer versions is a cloning tool, and it clones the ISO9660 file system from the iso file. This file system is read-only by design.

Persistent live Ubuntu system

If you want to add some program package or save some files, you can create a persistent live system with mkusb. It can save the modifications in a casper-rw partition, so that they persist after shutdown or reboot.

See the following links,

mkusb

mkusb/persistent


How does Synaptic have updates when I've just updated from the command line?

Two possible reasons that could both apply:

Your upgrade-update are in the wrong order for starters. You need to update first because it's this that updates your local available-packages list which upgrade reads.
upgrade won't install upgrades if that involves adding or removing packages (which many of the kernel updates involve). You need dist-upgrade. "Mark all upgrades" in Synaptic is equivalent to dist-upgrade.

So if you ran:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

You should find that Synaptic doesn't have anything to do.


First: Which flavor of Ubuntu

First, figure out which flavor of Ubuntu will work well with your old computer. It may be too old for the standard Ubuntu. See How do I find out which version and derivative of Ubuntu is right for my hardware in terms of minimal system requirements? for guidance on this subject.

I recommend that you use a current version of (some flavor of) Ubuntu. Older versions of Ubuntu have reached the end of their life such as version 9.04 are not supported in this site.

One official flavor of Ubuntu is Ubuntu Mate,(See: https://ubuntu-mate.org). If the current versions 18.04 LTS or 19.04 of Ubuntu Mate is suitable for your old computer, then use this version, and flavor. The reason is, assuming you used the plain vanilla Ubuntu 9.04 back when you used this old computer, this flavor of Ubuntu is closest to the old Ubuntu 9.04 you were used to.

Second: Download and Create Live USB

Once you have figured out which flavor, download the most recent version of the ISO file from the official Ubuntu flavor web page using a different computer.

Using that other computer create a Live USB following the instructions in the official Ubuntu web page. This process is a bit different from copying the ISO file (or dragging and dropping it) to the USB drive.

Third: Try without Installing

Boot the old computer using the Live USB drive you created. Select the option to Try Ubuntu without Installing. This will boot the new version of Ubuntu from the USB drive. Try it out and see if it works on your old computer. If it does, go to the next step

Fourth: Copy the important stuff

Now is the time to look for a backup drive. An external USB hard drive may be best.

Explore the internal hard drive of the old computer using the file management software such as Nautilus. If your internal drive is mounted as /media/ubuntu/bunch.of.numbers.and.letters then your personal files may be in:

/media/ubuntu/bunch.of.numbers.and.letters/home/username

where username is the name you created when you (or whoever) installed Ubuntu in the old computer. If the old computer had multiple users, you may have to copy personal files from their respective folders.

Copy the folders containing your important files such as:

/media/ubuntu/bunch.of.numbers.and.letters/username/Documents
/media/ubuntu/bunch.of.numbers.and.letters/username/Pictures
/media/ubuntu/bunch.of.numbers.and.letters/username/Music
/media/ubuntu/bunch.of.numbers.and.letters/username/Videos

, etc. into the backup external USB hard drive.

See this answer for more explanation: I want to copy my HOME folder to a USB flash drive but I can't. I accidentally removed Python 3 and lost many important stuff

Hope this helps.


How to extend partition in Ubuntu Guest on Vmware

Just did it in a Ubuntu 18.04 Server guest over a Windows 10 host.

The easiest way is, like you already suggested, to boot a live Ubuntu (the regular one, not server) and use GParted.

But first you need to "configure" the VMWare to increase the "virtual disk" size. Follow these steps:

Shutdown the guest
Click on "edit virtual machine settings" of that guest
Click on "Hard disk" and "Expand..."
A VMware window will let you modify the size, in GBs, of the device. Set the size you want and click on "Expand". After a while it will end.

At this point, the hard drive is bigger than before, but the partition is not. You must resize the partition also. To do so, download the ISO file of the regular Ubuntu distribution. Any other bootable device will also work, but this is the simplest way. Having the ISO downloaded do this:

In the same configuration window as before, instead of configure the "Hard Disk" go to "CD/DVD" section.
Make sure the option "Connect at power on" is set.
Select "Use ISO image file:" and browse to the ISO file you downloaded.

After this, the guest is ready to be launched. Click in "Play virtual machine" and pay attention because you need to press the Esc key very quick to enter the boot menu, just before the VMWARE logo appears. As it were the BIOS of yor phisical computer.

  Tip: After click on "Play..." click again over the VMWare window (black screen at this point) to make sure that the control of keyboard
  and mouse are in the guest, and not in the host. If you miss this
  step, you can simply reboot and try again.

Once you see the boot options:

Press the down arrow key to highlight "CD-ROM Drive" and press enter.
Ubuntu will start as live session.
Select appropriate language and "Try Ubuntu".
Wait until the desktop is loaded.

Look for the GParted tool and launch it. You will see two main blocks, one with some color (yellow probably) and the other in gray. The colored block is your actual partition (probably called /sda/sda1). To resize it do:

Right click on the yellow block and select "ummount" or "stop"
Right click again and "resize".
In the new window, drag the limit of the partition to wherever you want of the free space (gray).
Click "Ok"
Don't forget to click in "Apply changes" in Gparted's main window before closing, otherwise the operation is not performed.

Once it finishes, you have already a bigger partition, just reboot and you will be good to go.


Assuming that you are in Ubuntu 17.04 or later, it should activate on its own whenever you click on an input field read this for more info. For me it appears each time I touch the display on an input field.

Hope this helps.


No indication of activated conda environment in terminal

It is most likely that you have ps1 value set to False, which enables prompt change with change of conda environment.
To check run from your ubuntu terminal:
$ conda config --show | grep changeps1
And set it to True using:
$ conda config --set changeps1 True
After this, you should see the currently activated conda environment name at the beginning of each prompt.
PS - You may have to close and reopen the terminal for this to take effect.


Cannot upload photos from mobile with bluetooth in 15.04

Search Dash for "Personal File Sharing" and click on the result and you should see this

Then make sure the box next to "Receive files in Downloads folder over Bluetooth" has a checkmark in it and it should work


Radiotray its available on 17.10, to be precise in universe repository. So simply install from terminal.

sudo add-apt-repository universe ###if you haven't enabled it yet.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install radiotray


This happened, because you probably installed the Ubuntu bootloader (grub) in the MBR of the internal HDD (or its bootable partition), yet the files it requires are installed on the external one. Further, the BIOS does not offer the external drive to the Ubuntu bootloader, so it doesn't find the required files.

If the system that was installed on the internal HDD was Windows Vista or 7, follow this guide for fixboot (and if that does not work also fixmbr): http://support.microsoft.com/kb/927392 (there are similar guides for other Windows versions, yet I don't have the links at hand -> keywords for your own google search are fixmbr, fixboot, recovery console and of course your windows version)

If you want to use Ubuntu from an external HDD only, without touching the internal HDD, you must make sure, that the bootloader is also installed on the external drive (in that case, after installation you have of course to select the hard drive to want to boot from in BIOS). Somewhen during the install process (probably when partitioning your HDD) you get a drop down list of devices on which you can install Grub. It can of course be the case, that your BIOS does not boot from USB drives, meaning that there is no convenient way to install Ubuntu on an external drive without touching the internal one... I wouldn't be surprised if this really is the case on the computer you're trying to install Ubuntu on, since otherwise I don't see any reason why Grub shouldn't find its files on the external HDD right now...


Unusual way for OS to start - text shown instead of Ubuntu image

This is not a unusual screen. The lines you see there are the details of boot process, and every line you see there has a meaning.

If you want your splash screen back (which you're here referring to Ubuntu Image), reinstall Plymouth.

What is Plymouth?

It's responsible for showing boot animations/splash on Ubuntu(Atleast stock).

EDIT : Before doing anything try hitting ESC or F1~F10 while you see this screen, it may take you back to the Plymouth Splash Screen.


modem or mobile broadband showing differect ip address

192.168.100.3 is your internal IP from the network that you connect to.

Your external IP is provided by your ISP. You can find it by going here, for example.

Regarding being unable to install anything, are there proxies that you need to set up?


Why do my display settings say laptop when I'm using a desktop?

This is a bug. You can confirm that your computer is not really being identified as a laptop by running:

sudo laptop-detect -v

To help get this fixed, I suggest you update the bug report with further details, or log into Launchpad and register the fact that the bug also affects you:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-desktop3/+bug/970560


Ubuntu 13.04 with Nvidia Geforce FX 5200

You should be using nvidia-173, FX5200 is not supported for nvidia-current


Difference between deploying bundle with quickstart or juju-deployer?

Great question! Juju Quickstart is a user-friendly wrapper application around juju-deployer and Juju. Quickstart's purpose in life is to help users get started with Juju as fast as possible by installing Juju (if it's not already installed), giving you a UI to manage your environment definitions, bootstrapping those environments, and getting you a Juju GUI in that environment in the most light weight way possible. The final feature it does is allow you to deploy a bundle from the charmstore (https://jujucharms.com) or a local bundle you've got on disk.

juju-deployer is a single purpose python tool used to deploy bundles from any location - such as github, launchpad branches, local charm repositories, and/or deployer files. The general purpose of juju-deployer was to be consumed either directly by developers, or to be consumed by applications. It provides a more in depth control of those bundle deployments by supporting things like retry in case of failure.

Juju Quickstart uses the deployer but wraps it in an easy to use shell as it presents a single way to get going with Juju as its primary goal.

However its important to note that deployer does expose some additional functionality that you wont find in Juju Quickstart - such as deploying directly from GitHub repositories. (this is subject to change)

Examples:

juju deployer -c /path/to/my/bundle
juju quickstart path/to/my/bundle

juju deployer -c bundle:mediawiki-single/7
juju quickstart mediawiki-single/7

Command Reference

This can be found in juju-deployer -h

usage: juju-deployer [-h] [-c CONFIGS] [-d] [-L] [-u] [-l] [-D] [-T]
                     [-t TIMEOUT] [-f FIND_SERVICE] [-b] [-S] [-B]
                     [-s DEPLOY_DELAY] [-e JUJU_ENV] [-o OVERRIDES]
                     [--series SERIES] [-v] [-W] [-r RETRY_COUNT]
                     [--ignore-errors] [--diff] [-w REL_WAIT]
                     [deployment]

positional arguments:
  deployment

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -c CONFIGS, --config CONFIGS
                        File containing deployment(s) json config. This option
                        can be repeated, with later files overriding values in
                        earlier ones.
  -d, --debug           Enable debugging to stdout
  -L, --local-mods      Allow deployment of locally-modified charms
  -u, --update-charms   Update existing charm branches
  -l, --ls              List available deployments
  -D, --destroy-services
                        Destroy all services (do not terminate machines)
  -T, --terminate-machines
                        Terminate all machines but the bootstrap node. Destroy
                        any services that exist on each
  -t TIMEOUT, --timeout TIMEOUT
                        Timeout (sec) for entire deployment (45min default)
  -f FIND_SERVICE, --find-service FIND_SERVICE
                        Find hostname from first unit of a specific service.
  -b, --branch-only     Update vcs branches and exit.
  -S, --skip-unit-wait  Don't wait for units to come up, deploy, add rels and
                        exit.
  -B, --bootstrap       Bootstrap specified environment, blocks until ready
  -s DEPLOY_DELAY, --deploy-delay DEPLOY_DELAY
                        Time in seconds to sleep between 'deploy' commands, to
                        allow machine provider to process requests. On
                        terminate machines this also signals waiting for
                        machine removal.
  -e JUJU_ENV, --environment JUJU_ENV
                        Deploy to a specific Juju environment.
  -o OVERRIDES, --override OVERRIDES
                        Override *all* config options of the same name across
                        all services. Input as key=value.
  --series SERIES       Override distro series in config files
  -v, --verbose         Verbose output
  -W, --watch           Watch environment changes on console
  -r RETRY_COUNT, --retry RETRY_COUNT
                        Resolve CLI and unit errors via number of retries
                        (default: 0). Either standalone or in a deployment
  --ignore-errors       Proceed with the bundle deployment ignoring units
                        errors. Unit errors are also automatically ignored if
                        --retry != 0
  --diff                Generate a delta between a configured deployment and a
                        running environment.
  -w REL_WAIT, --relation-wait REL_WAIT
                        Number of seconds to wait before checking for relation
                        errors after all relations have been added and
                        subordinates started. (default: 60)

And the following can be obtained from juju-quickstart -h

usage: juju-quickstart [-h] [-e ENV_NAME] [-n BUNDLE_NAME] [-i]
                       [--environments-file ENV_FILE]
                       [--gui-charm-url CHARM_URL] [--no-browser]
                       [--distro-only] [--ppa] [--version] [--debug]
                       [--description] [--upload-tools]
                       [--upload-series UPLOAD_SERIES]
                       [--constraints CONSTRAINTS]
                       [BUNDLE]

Juju Quickstart is a Juju plugin which allows for easily setting up a Juju
environment in very few steps. The environment is bootstrapped and set up so
that it can be managed using a Web interface (the Juju GUI).

positional arguments:
  BUNDLE                The optional bundle to be deployed. The bundle can be:
                        1) a bundle path as shown in jujucharms.com, e.g.
                           "mediawiki-single" or "django".
                           Non promulgated bundles can be requested providing
                           the user, e.g. "u/bigdata-dev/apache-analytics-sql".
                           A specific bundle revision can also be requested,
                           e.g. "mediawiki-scalable/7".
                           If not specified, the most recent revision is used;
                        2) a jujucharms.com full URL of the bundle detail page,
                           with or without the revision. e.g.
                           "https://jujucharms.com/mongodb-cluster/4" or
                           "https://jujucharms.com/openstack";
                        3) a URL ("http:" or "https:") to a YAML/JSON, e.g.
                           "https://raw.github.com/user/my/master/bundle.yaml";
                        4) a local path to a YAML/JSON file with ".yaml" or
                           ".json" extension, e.g. "~/bundles/django.yaml";
                        5) a legacy fully qualified bundle URL, starting with
                           "bundle:", e.g. "bundle:mediawiki/single".
                           Non promulgated bundles can be requested providing
                           the user, e.g. "bundle:~user/mediawiki/single".
                           A specific bundle revision can also be requested,
                           e.g. "bundle:~myuser/mediawiki/42/single".
                           If not specified, the last bundle revision is used.
                           Note that this form is DEPRECATED, and a deprecation
                           warning is printed suggesting the new value to use

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -e ENV_NAME, --environment ENV_NAME
                        The name of the Juju environment to use (amazon)
  -n BUNDLE_NAME, --bundle-name BUNDLE_NAME
                        The name of the bundle to use.
                        This must be included in the provided bundle YAML/JSON.
                        Specifying the bundle name is not required if the
                        bundle YAML/JSON only contains one bundle. This option
                        is ignored if the bundle file is not specified
  -i, --interactive     Start the environments management interactive session
  --environments-file ENV_FILE
                        The path to the Juju environments YAML file
                        (/home/charles/.juju/environments.yaml)
  --gui-charm-url CHARM_URL
                        The Juju GUI charm URL to deploy in the environment.
                        If not provided, the last release of the GUI will be
                        deployed. The charm URL must include the charm version,
                        e.g. "cs:~juju-gui/precise/juju-gui-162". This option is
                        ignored if the GUI is already present in the environment
  --no-browser          Avoid opening the browser to the GUI at the end of the
                        process
  --distro-only         Do not use external sources when installing and setting up Juju
  --ppa                 Use external sources when installing and setting up Juju
                        (enabled by default, use --distro-only to disable)
  --version             show program's version number and exit
  --debug               Turn debug mode on. When enabled, all the subcommands
                        and API calls are logged to stdout, and the Juju
                        environment is bootstrapped passing --debug
  --description         Show program's description and exit
  --upload-tools        upload local version of tools before bootstrapping
  --upload-series UPLOAD_SERIES
                        upload tools for supplied comma-separated series list
  --constraints CONSTRAINTS
                        If constraints are specified, they will apply to the machine
                        provisioned for the Juju state server.
                        They will also be set as default constraints on the
                        environment for all future machines, exactly as if the
                        constraints were set with "juju set-constraints".

Features include the following:

* New users are guided, as needed, to install Juju, set up SSH keys, and
  configure it for first use.
* Juju environments can be created and managed from a command line interactive
  session.
* The Juju GUI is automatically installed, adding no additional machines
  (installing on an existing state server when possible).
* Bundles can be deployed, from local files, HTTP(S) URLs, or the charm store,
  so that a complete topology of services can be set up in one simple command.
* Quickstart ends by opening the browser and automatically logging the user
  into the Juju GUI.
* Users with a running Juju environment can run the quickstart command again to
  simply re-open the GUI without having to find the proper URL and password.

To start Juju Quickstart, run the following:

    juju-quickstart [-i]

Once Juju has been installed, the command can also be run as a juju plugin,
without the hyphen ("juju quickstart").


How do I install courier-authdaemon on Ubuntu 18.04?

The package courier-authdaemon is available from universe repository, it can be enabled through:
sudo add-apt-repository universe

Then:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install courier-authdaemon


What's the current SU password on version 15.04?

it is the same as your user password, type:

sudo su

and enter your user password

root account is disabled in ubuntu for security purposes (there is no root password)


Problems getting default wallpapers from previous versions

Welp figured it out, I just downloaded the 15.10 iso and ran it in virtualbox, went to /usr/share/backgrounds and grabbed the wallpaper. Simple enough :D


Where Fish Shell Contains own Aliases (functions) Files

I think that I found partially answer to my question. In following list all fish and oh-my-fish builtin functions which I get using functions -n command (https://fishshell.com/docs/current/commands.html#functions):

# found in /usr/share/fish/functions:
N_
abbr
alias
cd
contains_seq
delete-or-exit
dirh
dirs
down-or-search
edit_command_buffer
eval
export
fish_clipboard_copy
fish_clipboard_paste
fish_config
fish_default_key_bindings
fish_default_mode_prompt
fish_fallback_prompt
fish_hybrid_key_bindings
fish_indent
fish_key_reader
fish_mode_prompt
fish_update_completions
fish_vi_cursor
fish_vi_key_bindings
fish_vi_mode
funced
funcsave
grep
help
history
hostname
isatty
la
ll
ls
man
math
nextd
nextd-or-forward-word
open
popd
prevd
prevd-or-backward-word
prompt_hostname
prompt_pwd
psub
pushd
realpath
seq
setenv
string
suspend
trap
type
umask
up-or-search
vared

// not found in /usr/share/fish/functions:

# all in /home/user/.local/share/omf/pkg/omf/functions/compat
refresh
available

# all in /home/user/.local/share/omf/pkg/fish-spec/functions
fish-spec
assert
assert.error_message
assert.expand_operator

# all of git_* group in /home/user/.local/share/omf/lib
git_ahead
git_branch_name
git_is_dirty
git_is_repo
git_is_staged
git_is_stashed
git_is_touched
git_untracked

# all of not git group in /home/user/.local/share/omf/lib
autoload
require
prompt_segments

// OMF:

omf # in /home/user/.local/share/omf/pkg/omf/functions

# all of omf.bundle.* group /home/user/.local/share/omf/pkg/omf/functions/bundle
omf.bundle.add
omf.bundle.install
omf.bundle.remove

# all of omf.check.* group in /home/user/.local/share/omf/pkg/omf/functions/util
omf.check.fish_prompt
omf.check.version

# all of omf.cli.* group in /home/user/.local/share/omf/pkg/omf/functions/cli
omf.cli.cd
omf.cli.channel
omf.cli.describe
omf.cli.destroy
omf.cli.doctor
omf.cli.help
omf.cli.install
omf.cli.list
omf.cli.new
omf.cli.reload
omf.cli.remove
omf.cli.search
omf.cli.theme
omf.cli.themes.list
omf.cli.update
omf.cli.version

# all in /home/user/.local/share/omf/pkg/omf/functions/core
omf.core.update
omf.destroy
omf.doctor
omf.channel.get
omf.channel.set
omf.reload
omf.version
omf.xdg.config_home

# all of omf.index.* group in /home/user/.local/share/omf/pkg/omf/functions/index
omf.index.path
omf.index.query
omf.index.repositories
omf.index.stat
omf.index.update

# all of omf.packages.* group in /home/user/.local/share/omf/pkg/omf/functions/packages
omf.packages.cd
omf.packages.install
omf.packages.list
omf.packages.name
omf.packages.new
omf.packages.path
omf.packages.remove
omf.packages.run_hook
omf.packages.update
omf.packages.valid_name

# all of omf.repo.* group in /home/user/.local/share/omf/pkg/omf/functions/repo
omf.repo.clone
omf.repo.pull

# in /home/user/.local/share/omf/pkg/omf/functions/themes
omf.theme.set

# that's functions I found in /home/user/.local/share/omf/pkg/omf/init.fish file
omf::dim
omf::em
omf::err
omf::off
omf::under

# that function I found in /home/user/.local/share/omf/init.fish file
fish_user_key_bindings

Not found at all:

. # yes, it's function too (use command: "functions ." to see)

fish_sigtrap_handler


When installing .deb files, does its PPA install too?

Not unless the author of the .deb has specifically added this, like Google does for their chrome .deb, it installs their repository and adds their GPG key

Other than Google Chrome I can't think of another third party .deb that does this kind of thing, PPA or otherwise, so the general answer appears to be "no".


ubuntu 18.04 no more IP after i removed yaml file from /etc/netplan

The interface name from your screenshot is eno1, not enp3s0.

The tutorials and examples for Netplan are just that - examples.  You need to rename the network interfaces to actually match the names of the interfaces on your computer, otherwise it won't work properly.  Replace enp3s0 from the example with eno1, and then try and run netplan --debug apply.  You'll see that it properly applies the configuration and you'll have an IP again.


Create directories with a name from txt file which contain '/' character

You can just cut the 1st slash-delimited field of each line and give the list to mkdir:

mkdir $(<dirlist.txt cut -d/ -f1)

Example run

$ cat dirlist.txt
A1/A2/A3
B1/B2/B3
C1/C2/C3
$ ls
dirlist.txt
$ mkdir $(<dirlist.txt cut -d/ -f1)
$ ls
A1  B1  C1  dirlist.txt

You may run into ARG_MAX problems if your list holds a huge number of directory names, in this case use GNU parallel  or xargs as follows:

parallel mkdir :::: <(<dirlist.txt cut -d/ -f1)
xargs -a<(<dirlist.txt cut -d/ -f1) mkdir

While parallel has it covered, the xargs approach won’t work if the directory names contain spaces – you can either use \0 as the line delimiter or simply instruct xargs to only split the input on newline characters (as proposed by Martin Bonner) instead:

xargs -0a<(<dirlist.txt tr \\{n,0} | cut -d/ -f1 -z) mkdir # \\{n,0} equals \\n \\0
xargs -d\\n -a<(<dirlist.txt cut -d/ -f1) mkdir

In case any of the fields contains a newline character one would need to identify the “true” line endings and replace only those newline characters with e.g. \0. That would be a case for awk, but I feel it’s too far fetched here.


It's quite easy to type a  ं in ibus-m17n. The only thing is I use itrans mode instead of transliteration. So if you are using itrans mode here is what you have to do.

After any consonant that you type, you need the vowel अं. To get it simply type a capital M after the consonant.

To type होंगे you have to type hoMge

To type हैं you have to type haiM

To type ॐ you have to type AUM


It seems likely that the problem is actually with your wireless access point or router, and that the fix you've described on Windows is just a workaround for the problem.

If that is the case, then you can reproduce the important part of the fix (disconnecting from, and reconnecting to, the wireless network) in Ubuntu by clicking on the networking icon in the notification area, disconnecting, and reconnecting.


How do I "shift" Caps Lock, Shift and Control?

Create file ~/.Xmodmap with the following contents:

remove Shift = Shift_L
remove Control = Control_L
remove Lock = Caps_Lock
keycode 66 = Shift_L NoSymbol Shift_L
keycode 50 = Control_L NoSymbol Control_L
keycode 37 = Caps_Lock NoSymbol Caps_Lock
add Shift = Shift_L
add Control = Control_L
add Lock = Caps_Lock

That should leave it ready for the next login. Apply immediately by running

$ xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap

Thanks to @Andra for this solution.


I had found this one on AskUbuntu and it worked for me on 16.04:

Ubuntu 15.10 and 16.04 keep freezing randomly

I have applied it on Kubuntu and stopped freezing at all but get from time to time freeze but gets back again. I hope this helps.


How can I fix: MySQL can't find mysqli.so or xml.so

You can install mysqli and xml with below commands
sudo apt-get install php7.x-mysqli
sudo apt-get install php7.x-xml
sudo service apache2 restart
Be sure to replace x with the version you have installed.
eg: sudo apt-get install php7.2-mysqli


Here is the bug affecting you: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gvfs/+bug/447695 and the reason why you could write and you cant anymore.

It will be fixed on the next release from Ubuntu. Maybe a early upgrade would be advised to solve this.


Welcome. Usually in Ubuntu you don't directly deal with /usr/bin directory when installing a new program. If you come from the Windows world then usually you don't extract program to Program Files and start using it. You execute the installation wizard to do the installation for you.

Same here. You can install a program by searching it in the Software Center and clicking the install button.

In cases, like yours, where the software was downloaded from a website you usually download a .deb file that you can install by opening a terminal and executing sudo dpkg -i <filename>.deb.

Make sure you've downloaded the Ubuntu package and for the right architecture (32-bit / 64-bit).


When the freeze happens, can you get a terminal by hitting Alt+F2 and typing gnome-terminal? If so, try a tail ~/.xsession-errors before hitting Ctrl-Alt-Backspace or otherwise restarting the X session, as that file will show errors from the current session only IIRC. You might also try ~/xsession-errors.old for information about the previous session. See man xsession for more information.

Also, you can try running xlsclients while the machine is running ok and save that output to a file. Then when the session crashes, run xlsclients again and see if there is a difference in the two sets of output.

If an entry is missing from the second set of output for a client that still shows on your screen (or that you know you didn't otherwise actively shut down) then that suggests that the client has crashed and possible hung others which depend on it for input.


a basic doubt about building from source

Debian packages generally install the binaries and libraries in /usr/bin/ and /usr/lib directories. Whereas when you compile the softwares from source, you are able to specify the prefix for the directories in which you want to install it. In general, the /usr/local/bin/ and /usr/local/lib directories are default in standard gnu softwares / foss (sort of de-facto standard). You can compile the softwares by specifying the prefix while running configure command.
e.g. Say you want to install the software in /usr/local/ prefix, you should run these commands:

./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
sudo make install

You can specify --prefix to be any directory e.g. it can be ~/.local/ or any other directory for that matter.
Now you have two binaries with the same name but in different directories installed. Which one of these will be used when you invoke the command (binary file) name, depends on the PATH variable of your shell. If the directory you installed the software is before the standard /usr/bin/ directory in the PATH variable value, it'll be run and debian one'll not be run.
  Check the PATH variable by running echo $PATH in terminal.


How to set up a Video call call using Empathy and google+

To the best of my knowledge, this is no longer supported -- in late 2013, Google announced that they were "dropping" XMPP support. What this has meant in practice is that multi-protocol chat clients are still able to connect to Google Talk via the existing XMPP authentication mechanism, just as it's still possible to chat with non-Gmail XMPP contacts from the sidebar chat within Gmail, but XMPP is no longer supported for voice or video, as their Hangouts implementation is proprietary. It's not clear whether they'll eventually disable XMPP for regular instant messaging as well, but I expect and hope not.

The only way to do a Google voice or video call at this point is through the browser -- I believe there's a desktop client for Windows and ChromeOS which you might be able to get working through Wine or Archon, respectively, but it wouldn't have the same level of desktop integration or multi-protocol support as Pidgin and Empathy.


Black screen on boot with thinkpad yoga 14 and ubuntu/windows 8.1 dual boot

It sounds like Ubuntu boots successfully but cannot display anything. The reason is that you have a new graphic card that partially supported in Ubuntu 14.04. Ubuntu 14.04 supports nvidia 331 drivers by default while your card was first supported on nvidia 337+ drivers.

Therefore, you have two options for fixing it: Installing Ubuntu 14.10 (Note: it's not LTS!) or trying to install newer drivers.

sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia-*
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-349 nvidia-settings


Asus zenbook pro UX550VE: Sound either muted or very loud

I found a solution here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1721345  (comment #8)

I edited the file /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-output.conf.common (with sudo).

I added the following lines before the [Element PCM] block:

[Element Master]
switch = mute
volume = ignore

and run in terminal:

pulseaudio -k

and that solved the problem. Both headphones and built-in speakers work fine.


Launching app from Unity search opens new instance every time

If the app is already running, it will show up on the launcher panel on the left side, and you can just switch to it by clicking on the app's icon there.

Whether a "new instance" of an app is created however, depends entirely on the app itself having implemented IPC to run as a single instance, and being designed to work in this way. Several apps do this, but quite a great many do not.

If the app in question has a command line argument to create a new window (such as the --new-window option for Chromium), you can copy the application's .desktop file from /usr/share/applications/ into ~/.local/share/applications/, and edit it to add that argument to the default Exec= line in the file. This will cause it to open a new window (or tab, or whatever other behavior you prefer) each time you click on the app icon from the apps scope in the dash.


Ububtu 18.04.1 USB 3.0 works with external drive but not flash drive

The error "Unknown file system exfat" is about the file system, not about USB 3.

There are two ways to go,

Work around the problem by replacing the Microsoft proprietary file system exfat with another Microsoft file system, FAT32 or NTFS, or with the linux file system ext4 or with UDF.
Add the software necessary to manage the exfat file system. In my Lubuntu 18.04.1 LTS I have installed two program packages from the repository 'universe', which is there in installed Ubuntu systems,

sudo apt update
sudo apt install exfat-fuse exfat-utils

This AskUbuntu link will add some details about exfat and available alternatives.

Maybe there are problems with mounting the drive. In that case maybe this link may help.


using fstab to mount network drive with cifs

You're currently mounting a directory for a user that needs root permissions to access that could be causing the permission error. I'd recommend to change the mount directory to somewhere inside your home directory /home/tim/ubuntu_server

You can also tweak the fstab file similar to mine.

//192.168.1.1/tim /home/tim/ubuntu_server cifs guest,uid=1000,noauto,user,iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777,noperm 0 0


The boot loader needs to be installed where the BIOS is looking for something to boot. To keep things simple, you usually have a disk drive where your computer boots from, you install a GNU/Linux system in that disk and the bootloader gets there too.

The only things you need from the bootloader are really:

That the BIOS is able to find it
That it is able to find and boot your Operating System (with Linux, you just need the bootloader to have somehow access to the kernel and, if you're using one, the initrd image.)

As far as you have these two points covered, you install it where it is more convenient and where the BIOS will look for it.

The BIOS will usually look for bootloaders in the Master Boot Record of hard drives, a small area in the beginning of the drive where you can put some code to be run. You can also have a bootloader installed at the beginning of a partition.

Bootloaders are usually small enough to fit in these small areas, and even if they don't, they must put something there so the BIOS boots the bootloader.

lilo is a simple bootloader which is installed in those areas. grub is a bit bigger, and so you install some code in those areas, which, then, loads some more code from a disk partition (where grub is said to be "installed", where its configuration file lies, along with the binary code, this is usually set to be the system /boot partition, where kernels and initrds are placed too, for convenience).

In this case, if it is prompting you for the disk, this means it's asking you on which Master Boot Record should grubget installed, that is, the disk you will be booting the computer from. That part of grub will be installed only on the disk MBR. The rest probably gets installed to the same partition as / or /boot/ of the Ubuntu system you're installing (and that rest is accessible from Ubuntu, look for directories /boot/grub/ or /grub/).


Is Python 3.5 built without SSL support on Ubuntu 16.04?

Python3 in the repositories is compiled with SSL support.  The error you get is because HTTPSHandler is a third party Python module and is not part of the standard Python library.

You will need to install that module with python3 pip install most likely to get it to be recognized by your Python3 interpreter.

You can verify HTTPS/SSL support in Python3 with the following:

from urllib.request import urlopen
urlopen('https://askubuntu.com').read()

It will spit out a bunch of HTML but the fact it returns a ton of HTML indicates it has SSL support.

(thanks to Oli's answer to a similar but different question for the code snippet.)


Ubuntu is booting into terminal instead of GUI Interface

Once you are connected, write sudo init 5 in the terminal prompt.


Why is there an ever-growing uvcydnctrl-udev.log file filling up my harddisk?

This is a bug in libwebcam and is not dangerous. You will have to run sudo rm /var/log/uvcdynctrl-udev.log every once in a while, possibly through a shell script and a cron job. This the best thing you can do, until the bug is fixed.

The script

#!/bin/bash
PW = "yourpassword"

echo $PW | sudo -S rm /var/log/uvcdynctrl-udev.log

Save the script as rmlog.sh, make it executable with chmod +x rmlog.sh.

The cron job

Move rmlog.sh to /etc/cron.hourly/ with

sudo mv rmlog.sh /etc/cron.hourly/


Need Help connecting WD My Cloud NAS to 14.04

I have the same MyCloud.  Its pretty simple if you have an idea of what you are doing.
Log into the MyCloud management console.
Assign a STATIC IP Address.
Enable NFS service in MYCloud.
On ubuntu client open Terminal
sudo apt-get install nfs-common

Close Terminal
Open Nautilus and click 'connect to server'.  Shown in picture below on bottom left.

A dialog box will show up that says 'connect to server' like in the picture below:

Now type nfs://hostname or static ip
SIDENOTE:  Isn't ironic how WD uses linux for the firmware/operation of the MyCloud but refuses to support it as a client or even provide documentation for open source clients! Cheapskate HYPOCRITES!
That's one way of connecting to your MyCloud!


How to boot Ubuntu from USB on Raspberry pi 4

As Kurankat has answered, there in no direct SSD boot yet.

Nevertheless, it is possible to run the system from a USB SSD after the initial boot from the SD.
To put it very simply, you flash the system to both an SD and the SSD (or flash to an SD and copy to an SSD), and then "point" the system to the SSD using the cmdline.txt file.

So after the boot from the SD, everything runs from the SSD.
This is fully described at:

https://jamesachambers.com/raspberry-pi-4-usb-boot-config-guide-for-ssd-flash-drives/

There are two issues to be careful about:

The "quirks" issue described in the link above, relating to SATA-USB adatpters (if your SSD needs one)
For Ubuntu, cmdline.txt is not in /boot. Instead, you have to edit nobtcmd.txt in /boot/firmware.


Ctrl+F9 is a shortcut key to kill the dosbox that's why DOSBOX closes eventually on running the programme by using Ctrl+F9 . Because DOXbox understand Ctrl+f9 as a external command to close the DOSbox

Solution:

Open dosbox and press Ctrl+F1 to open the key mapper.
A box will open in which all the keyboard keys are present
Find the SHUTDOWN text in the commands.
Click on SHUDOWN and than click on DEL button below.
Save the changes.
Exit and enjoy...!!!

You can change the configuration file manually by editing the README file.

Go to /usr/share/doc/dosbox.
Find the README.gz file
Extract README.gz to another location.
Find Ctrl+F9 entry
Change it from Ctrl+F9 to Alt+Ctrl+F9.
Now save the file and compress it again named as README.gz
Paste it on /usr/share/doc/dosbox again by using terminal with sudo
Now enjoy.


Problem with "Texas Instruments ACX 100 22Mbps Wireless Interface"

Ubuntu doesn't ship a driver for that hardware because it isn't supported in the upstream wireless tree (not to mention its questionable legal status).  On the other hand, Debian ships a compilable source called acx100-source, and you can find instructions for using it here.


Make the CTRL and Super/CMD keys behave like on OS X

Here's how I've done it on my MAC book running Kubuntu :

Use xmodmap to swap command key and ctrl key globally.
a) Put the following in a file ~/.Xmodmap

clear control
clear mod4

keycode 105 =
keycode 206 =

keycode 133 = Control_L NoSymbol Control_L
keycode 134 = Control_R NoSymbol Control_R
keycode 37 = Super_L NoSymbol Super_L

add control = Control_L
add control = Control_R
add mod4 = Super_L

b) Run the following command :

$ xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap

This will make all your application use Command + .. instead of ctrl + .. except terminal
Remember, your command key is now ctrl key

2. Modify shortcut keys for Terminal

a) In terminal application, go to "Configure Shortcuts"
b) Change the shortcuts for the following :

Cut - To 'Command + c '
Paste - To 'Command + v '
Interrupt - To 'Ctrl + c '
New Tab - To ' Command + t'
Close Tab - To 'Command + w'
Any other key your are particular about ..

3. Disable Meta key from invoking the app launcher  [ kubuntu only ]

Add the following to ~/.config/kwinrc

[ModifierOnlyShortcuts]
Meta=


Ubuntu - EFI variables are not supported on this system

I had the same problem when trying to compile a kernel module in a Virtualbox guest machine (Ubuntu 16.04). In this case, the CONFIG_MODULE_SIG kernel config option requires kernel modules to be signed. However, UEFI and, thus, Secure Boot are not available so you can't actually sign the module. And as you noticed, disabling the validation doesn't work either.

In this case, the only solution that worked for me was to recompile the kernel following the instructions at Ubuntu Wiki. These instructions worked for me as they were with the only exception that I also had to install libncurses5 and libncurses5-dev via apt.

When changing the configuration options with fakeroot debian/rules editconfigs, disable the Module signature verification option in the Enable Loadable Module Support section. I did that for every single arch/flavor, which might or might not be necessary.

This approach worked for me, and if you don't screw up too much (as I did...), it should be done within 30 minutes (plus compile time, which depends heavily on your system). Note, however, that compiling the kernel took around 15 GB of disk space for me. Also, make sure to hold your kernel packages later so you don't accidentally upgrade your kernel (you will have to repeat the procedure for each new kernel version).


I think the best solution is to get a really fast USB 3 pendrive. Often the flash memory hardware is limiting the speed, so you should search for a pendrive with documented high performance on both reading and writing. See the following link and links from it,

Installation/FromUSBStick - Notes about speed | Ubuntu Community Help Wiki

I use Sandisk Extreme pendrives for this purpose, and I make persistent live systems in them with mkusb. Please search for current information via the internet in order to find alternative pendrives and methods.

You should also avoid installing too many program packages into the persistent live system. And you must not upgrade the whole system. This will make the system slow, and it might even make the system fail, because it will be choked with too much reading from the 'casper-rw' partition or file.


Installing (creating?) driver for Wireless adapter

Try this,

  echo 'install rt2800usb modprobe --ignore-install rt2800usb ; /bin/echo "148f 5370" > /sys/bus/usb/drivers/rt2800usb/new_id' | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/rt2800usb.conf

  sudo modprobe -v rt2800usb


I assuming your changing the levels so much that your monitor is not detecting an input. Try putting your levels to a "medium" level and the change the brightness setting on the monitor instead. Hope this helps!


Why is /bin/true such a large file? How would I find the source code?

Well, looking into the sources of the coreutils tools, true is one of the smallest. It is smaller than kill, though larger than false which is the very smallest:

$ for i in src/*c; do wc -l $i; done | sort -nr | tail -11
78 src/true.c
74 src/operand2sig.c
73 src/sync.c
37 src/prog-fprintf.c
2 src/uname-uname.c
2 src/uname-arch.c
2 src/ls-vdir.c
2 src/ls-ls.c
2 src/ls-dir.c
2 src/lbracket.c
2 src/false.c

So, true has 78 lines, but only 58 of them are actually code (the rest are blank lines and comments):

$ grep . src/true.c | awk '{ if(/\/\*/){a=0} if(a){print} if(/\*\//){a=1}}' | wc
50

And yes, a lot of that (10 lines) are dedicated to the usage function. The program is still tiny though.

Also, the reason that false is tinier is that it simply calls true:

$ cat src/false.c
#define EXIT_STATUS EXIT_FAILURE
#include "true.c"


Will the software updater work properly with more than one software depository on the system?

Lubuntu is just a light version of Ubuntu with a faster desktop. All the usual Ubuntu updates will work via the Software Updater and using the repositories selected in the settings there (under the Updates tab). I suggest that you select 'important' and 'recommended'. Also make sure that you select the first 3 options (Canonical, Community, Proprietary) under the Ubuntu Software tab to get all the core software regularly updated.

I'm guessing that the Lubuntu repository that you're referring to is actually the Lubuntu Software Centre in your menu - which just gives you the option to install more software, rather than update it.

You can read about repositories here


Create wifi network that links to specific server page on boot

Set up Apache on your machine with the web-page you want to show
use NAT to redirect all pass-through traffic on port 80 to Apache.

You can find a lot of info on the subject if you google for "iptables". Here's one tutorial (it's about setting up a "transparent proxy", but the idea is absolutely the same):

http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-setup-transparent-proxy-squid-howto.html


What happens if I install two packages that share a shell command?

That will depend on what the packages install. There are a few different possibilities:

Both packages install an executable to the same directory.

If both provide, for example /bin/prolog, then whichever package was installed last will overwrite the one installed before and you will end up with one version of prolog. That, however, isn't very common since dpkg will complain about conflicting packages and refuse to install if you try to install both.
Each package installs the executable in a different path.

For instance, one in /bin/prolog and the other in /usr/bin/prolog. Then, which one is run when you run prolog will depend on which one is first in your PATH. On Ubuntu systems, the default PATH is:

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games

Since /usr/bin is before /bin, that means that prolog will run /usr/bin/prolog. You can see what will happen in your system by running:

type -a prolog

This will print all prolog executables (or functions or aliases) found and then run echo $PATH to see your PATH and figure out which will be called first.
The programs might provide you with a prolog command by adding an alias or a function to your shell's startup files.

In this case, the alias or function will always be executed before any standalone executable. So if you have an alias and a /usr/local/bin/prolog file, then prolog will always run the alias and never the file.


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS can use

the original GA kernel (4.15), or
the HWE kernel (which will continue to upgrade until it finally reaches the 20.04 kernel in 18.04.5).

Unless you enable HWE you'll stay on the GA (4.15) kernel.
Installs of 18.04.2 and later default to HWE enabled, though systems with HWE can be reverted back to using GA kernel.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack


Neon and Kubuntu backports together? or not?

No it is not a good idea to have them both. Sometimes the Kubuntu backports PPA will install upgraded versions of dependencies which will result in broken packages(see here and here) because some packages require downgraded versions to function correctly.


Working RAID 1 returns “ERROR: pdc: wrong # of devices in RAID set”

It sounds like its complaining about just having the wrong number of devices in your RAID array. RAID 1 is simply mirroring a single hard drive. Can you reinstall and rearrange things so you have a single disk being mirrored to the second?


yes , you can manually remove steam related PPA file from /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ and related gpgkey from /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/.

or
you can remove using command

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:???/???

see my another answer how to remove PPA completely.

it will remove only steam PPA . if you want remove steam related package then you have to uninstall that packages.