How to disable "Remember forever" option in mounting encrypted disks

I was looking for a similar information and came across this question of yours. Actually I was trying to understand how was this "remembered password" stored, and if it was safely stored.

Then I stumbled into @Gilles answer to a similar question in Stack Exchange.

Based on that answer, you can go to "Show applications" -> "Passwords and keys". Your stored password should be found under "Login", and can be deleted.

  Under the default configuration in Ubuntu, passwords are stored in the
  GNOME keyring. This
  applies to all passwords stored by Nautilus, as well as most other
  applications including web browsers.

  (Let me reiterate: default configuration, most. This can be
  changed and there are applications that don't support the Gnome
  keyring.)

  You can use the Seahorse GUI
  program or the
  secret-tool
  command line utility to view and modify the contents of the keyring.

  There is some official documentation about Gnome
  Keyring, including a
  “security
  philosophy”
  and a more concrete security
  architecture.

  Data in memory (“Remember password until you logout”) is present in
  the memory of the gnome-keyring-daemon process, which allows any
  process running as your user to query it. Gnome-keyring avoids
  swapping if
  possible; however, if you have any encrypted storage, you should have
  encrypted swap, because the programs that manipulate the confidential
  data could themselves be swapped out.

  Data on disk (“Remember forever”) is stored in the file
  ~/.gnome2/keyrings/login.keyring. It is
  encrypted
  with a key that's derived from a password; normally, that's your login
  password, and Ubuntu is set up to unlock the keyring with your login
  password. The key
  is derived from the password with a salted, slow
  hash
  but I don't know exactly what the derivation function is.


The system freezes sometimes/randomly, when I browse a HTML5/CSS3 website in Chrome

As nothing seemed to work, I was doing a cold restart (power switch).

Then, today I referred to this troubleshooting wiki: What should I do when Ubuntu freezes? and pressed Ctrl-Alt-F1, which worked to get the TTY1 session. Logged in as root and checked memory usage with top. Noticed that one instance of Chrome was using over 700 MB and another instance of Chrome was randomly coming up with usage of over 900 MB.

I pressed Ctrl-Alt-F7 to check the graphical desktop and surprisingly the graphical session is working now. I am writing this in that same graphical session that froze earlier.

Have written this Q&A specifically for folks who get this "Chrome freeze on Ubuntu".


Messed with grub display parameter. Now no display on boot and no boot menu too

Since my suggestion has resolved the issue, I'm gonna post it as an answer.

If the laptop have easily removable battery:

1, Please disconnect the AC power supply,
2, Remove the battery,
3, Then press and hold power button for more than 12 seconds,
4, Put the battery back in,
5, Try booting the laptop normally.

Also, for anyone else comes across this, here are HP support pages with more information on the flashing light and beeping error codes, and how to resolve the problems:

(1) HP Notebook PCs - Computer Does Not Start and Emits an LED or Beep Code:

https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/c01732674

(2) HP Notebook PCs - How to Power Reset your Laptop:

https://support.hp.com/ie-en/document/c01684768


How do I automate the activation of Python environment

In your ~/.bashrc file, at the end of the file, you can add the source line, so that the environment variables are set up when you open a Bash terminal anywhere. Alternatively, you can have it be an alias, as @user74158 has it below in the comments.

You could also have the python in there, but note that you will be in the Python shell when you start a Bash terminal and will have to exit out every time you want to get back to Bash.


Host purchased domain name in apache2 ubuntu server

Welcome to AU!

I will try to keep this ASAP (as simple as possible) and explain it in steps:

Set a static IP on your Ubuntu box. (http://www.howtoforge.com/linux-basics-set-a-static-ip-on-ubuntu)
Go into your router config and set up port forwarding of port 80 to the static IP you set in step 1.
Get your Public IP. (http://www.whatismyip.com/)
Go to your DNS and point *.domain.com to your IP from step 3.
Start Apache on your PC.
(optional) Get Webmin and use it for Apache administration. (http://www.webmin.com/deb.html)

Enjoy!

One Final Note: Ask your web provider for a Static IP! It will keep you from redoing steps 3/4 every n hours.


You can do that with the View In Browser package. Once installed the default key-binding would be CTRL + ALT + V.

Note that Firefox is the default browser. To change this to Chrome (in your instance) you would need to do: Settings - User from Preferences > Package Settings > View In Browser. "The browser you wish to use to open files is set in the key named browser."

If you don't already know how to search for and install packages in Sublime Text, you may want to consider these free (after registering, which is also free) video tutorials.


Step By Step Instructions

But as you don't have the add button, there are a few things to check first.

Make sure you have a vpn client installed sudo apt-get install pptp-linux should do it
Make sure the 'network manager' modules are installed sudo apt-get install network-manager-pptp network-manager-pptp-gnome
Make sure your authorized to edit network connections. Best way to answer this is can you sudo.


How to remove domain part of each line from text file containing email addresses

$ sed 's/@.*[.]/@/' file
foobar@org
john.smith@com
chunkylover69@dk
qwerty@uk

The regex @.*[.] captures everything from @ to a the last period . on the line.  We replace that with @.


Ok now i figured this issue. This is because of pip cache packages installation i had cython and kivy broken packages in cache due to this every time instead of download a new one pip uses cache which has already broken. And now how did these packages broken because of switching python default version sudo update-alternatives --config python3 here i had set python3.6 default and downloaded all packages but some internal working of ubuntu (don't know) do not realy support python3.6 it supports python3.5 due to this download packages currept and goes to cache and when i switch to python3.5 ubuntu works pretty fine but packages had broken.


Hangul Toggle Key on ibus is not working at Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Korean works though)

Can you try following the instructions here?

apt-get install gnome-tweaks
Run 'gnome-tweaks'
Navigate to Keyboard & Mouse > Additional Layout Options > Korean Hangul / Hanja Keys
Choose 'Right alt as Hangul'.

This worked for me, though 'ibus restart' didn't work so maybe my issue was slightly different.


Laptop shuts down directly after boot due to wrong thermal sensor reading

A wrong reading of 238 degrees would certainly be an issue. You'll need to update the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line in your /etc/default/grub file to include the thermal.nocrt=1 flag so that it looks something like:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash thermal.nocrt=1"

Then update with:
sudo update-grub

Then reboot. That should resolve the error message. Once that's done, you'll need to figure out which temperature sensor package is either installed wrong or not reporting the information correctly.


How do you move the Unity Dash with a dual monitor setup?

The Unity launcher only appears on the primary monitor.  You can adjust the monitors in the Monitors application (available from the Dash) to reconfigure your monitors accordingly.


How do I add a button or context menu option for clearing recently viewed files?

I seem to remember Rick Spencer telling me he had written or was writing such an indicator. As I understood it, it would provide much the same functionality that you have in Firefox. That is to say, you would be able to deactivate logging or delete recent logs. I haven't tried it myself, but you can probably find it in his ppa on launchpad.


How can I ensure simple way RAID 1 is working?

If you create your RAID in the installer it won't sync the whole RAID partition. Not sure if you do it later. Did you convert a standard partition to RAID?

Wait for the sync to finish.
Shutdown and remove one drive.
Check that it still boots.
Shutdown and put the drive back.
Re-start and wait for the re-sync to finish.
Shutdown and remove the next drive.
Check that it still boots.
Shutdown and put the drive back.
Re-start and wait for the re-sync to finish.
Repeat for all your drives.
Done.

An email will be sent when a drive fails, so configure your local mail.


When can we expect 12.04 (Precise Pangolin) to be moved to "old-releases"?

It is a manual action so whenever the person in charge does it. And there is not a schedule for this to happen.

If you go 1 level up on your link you can see that 12.04 and 12.04.4 are already there and are also on the current releases page. But 12.04.5 will follow soon and it will get removed from the current releases.


Sound Problem - No Audio Input is Shown i.e Microphone is not Visible. Neigher "Headphone" profile is available?

I needed to disable HD Audio Output for Front Michrophone in BIOS.


How to read FTP login data stored within nautilus?

On my system (ubuntu 11.10 64bit Unity3D) these passwords are stored in "seahorse".


Need install nodejs-legacy package, it's a symlink bug fix: sudo apt-get install nodejs-legacy. Then install npm: sudo apt-get install npm. And right way to install Node.js:

sudo apt-get install nodejs
sudo apt-get install nodejs-legacy
sudo apt-get install npm


Kubuntu 15.04 File Open Dialog is not working

I've solved the problem with installing kde package kio using command:

sudo apt-get install kio

and now everything works fine!


On enigmail.net they say

  Thunderbird on Linux
  Many Linux distributions ship with their own customized version of Thunderbird. If you use your distribution's version of Thunderbird, you must use your distribution's version of Enigmail. If you get Thunderbird from the official site and install it yourself, though, you can use the official Enigmail releases provided by the Enigmail Project.

Based on that I'd install from repos if that's how you got TB.


The XF86Search key is set to Search in the Launchers section of Keyboard in the System setting panel.
Try to unset that first.

Go to System Settings (or run 'gnome-control-center' from a command line).
Select 'Keyboard' -> 'Shortcuts' -> 'Launchers' then select Search and press Backspace to clear the shortcut.

I have no idea if this will fix your problem but it's worth a try.


Upload folder with subfolders containing files

You cannot upload a folder as an attachment. The best way is to archive the folder so it becomes a single file. You can use Archive Manager or go to the parent folder containing the folder you want to upload, right click on it and select Compress...


If you wish to get nvidia optimus working right out of the box, you can either install Suacy 13.10 which will give you nvidia optimus or you have install latest 12.04.3 which is LTS and has patched kernel, xrand R and will run fine as well. I have ASUS i7 laptop with Nvidia running very well with nvidia prime and nvidia optimus. The reason it didn't work in 13.04 is due to older xorg and xrandR.


In order to check whether your browser supports WebGL, visit
http://get.webgl.org/

Linux and WebGL have teething problems, and in many cases it just does not work.
Whenever there is a support question, you need to provide

what graphics card you have
which driver you are using (mostly if they are the free/closed ones for ATI or NVidia). Newer Intel graphics drivers may be supported, older are quite unlikely.

In most cases you can force your browser to use WebGL; follow the link that it given when you visit http://get.webgl.org/


Why are build dependencies of a package incomplete?

The list of dependencies is complete. To build a package under Ubuntu you need some requirements : build-essential, fakeroot and  devscripts:
sudo apt install build-essential fakeroot devscripts


If you can't find your headphones in sound settings it hints at a problem with the sound program installation. Try through the terminal opening alsamixer, clicking F2, and seeing if you can find them there.

If you find them there then follow the instructions in https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshootingProcedure.

If you can't find them there then maybe one of the top two solutions here will help you Headphone jack not working?.

Good luck!


Well, as can be deduced from the output of ls command, the name of the file is FTL, not FTL.sh. So you should use:

sudo bash ./FTL

or

 sh ./FTL

or maybe only:

./FTL

Also be sure that the file is executable, by running:

chmod +x FTL


Display is cut-off and stuck at 640x480; cannot detect monitor

This is only part of the solution working for me! The way I fixed this one on my computer :

Step 1

Must find someone (This is the other part of the solution !) with same monitor having a working configuration (Send SOS on forums !) ask him open terminal and use

xrandr --verbose

It will list the exact data you need to use for each resolution. Also at the beginning you will have the information for the monitor number - Mine was VGA1

Step 2

You now should copy carefully the one you need in

  /etc/gdm/Init/Default

You must adjust the data according to the one found in step 1. Here the data are for my monitor as sample (You may have to sudo to edit it)

xrandr --newmode 1440x900 106.5MHz 1440 1520 1672 1904 900 903 909 934 -HSync +VSync
xrandr --addmode VGA1 1440x900

copy these two lines just before the line

/sbin/initctl -q emit

Step 3

log out then back now the resolution you add should be available in the monitor display preferences.

Good luck


So you are saying that you install Ubuntu and windows on your laptop but now you can't switch to window ... I mean your system make ubuntu as default system ...
try this
go into boot menu and check if there is window option is showing or not ... if yes then let me know about it then I will give you rest solution or you can find it by searching how to change default system on dual boot


Because there's a conflict between Nautilus Elementary and Compiz.

Solution:

In Nautilus : select menu Edit->Preferences->Tweaks -> under Application uncheck "Enable rgba transparency".
In CCSM : Enable Windows Decoration, at Windows shadow line, replace "any" with "any (class=Tooltip | Menu | PopupMenu | DropdownMenu | Unknown)" (without quotes).
If there's still no shadow, restart Nautilus by typing this line in Terminal : "nautilus -q" (without quotes).

Hope it useful for someone who need!


How to keep Lxterminal open after running .desktop shortcut

You can run your command(s) via a shellscript. (Maybe you do that already.) And at the end of the shellscript you add a line, for example like this:

read -p "Press Enter to close this window"

Then you can scroll the window and check the output from your command(s), and then press Enter to get rid of the terminal window.

I don't know why the first method did not work. Maybe your script or some program called by it is sending a signal that finishes the script at once (without reaching the final statement). You could try to fix that, but maybe it is easier to run in an xterm window (tweaked to look better and with the -hold option.

Please compare how these two command lines work:

xterm -e cat ~/.bashrc
xterm -hold -e cat ~/.bashrc

You can tweak the xterm window to look better, for example like this

xterm -title "Click x in the top right corner to close me" -fa default -fs 10 -bg '#2b2c2b' -fg '#f0f0f0' -sb -rightbar -hold -e cat ~/.bashrc

Put the name of your script after -e in the xterm command line, or start the xterm in interactive mode (with the hold feature), and start your script in xterm.


Help! Can't choose a valid JDK for Android Studio, so my Gradle is Failing. Why?

Firstly, many thanks to Mr. Sujal (https://stackoverflow.com/users/1279790/sujal) for his help over on the Discord community.

The solution was quite simple.

It involves not choosing the "jre" folder (of /....oracle-java-8-jdk/jre), but instead choosing the jdk folder one level above it.

All in all, a very simple fix, even if it took an hour to figure out.

Many thanks to him again, and while he says he never uses Stack Overflow, I hope he will get to know how much I appreciate his help.


Why are Btrfs and others disabled in Custom Format in Disks?

You need btrfs-progs installed to be able to create btrfs partitions.
You can't format a partition that is in mounted.
You need to unmount it first.
And I suggest using gparted instead of "Disks", it has a more clear GUI.
If this is a HDD, you can format it to btrfs without creating partition tables by running:
sudo mkfs.btrfs /dev/sdb


sudo reboot shuts down instead of rebooting on a X10SLM-F

Try using command

  sudo shutdown -r 0

That should  reboot. sudo is for administrator privileges, shutdown is like shutdown menu, -r stands for reboot and 0 means in 0 seconds


Can wlan0 & wlan1 both be active at the same time or will they interfere with each other?

Does wlan0 disappear if you unload the driver?

sudo modprobe -r b43legacy
ifconfig

If so, blacklist the driver:

sudo -i
echo "blacklist b43legacy"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
echo "blacklist ssb"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
exit


ubuntu touch questions and active discussions

There are several support channels for Ubuntu Touch which include,

Mailing Lists
Google Plus Community
AskUbuntu
IRC Rooms on freenode

I have noticed a lot of activity on every one of them except for askubuntu. I would recommend asking a question on askubuntu and then linking it on the other support channels to get more attention. It could very well be that the other support channels are usually more personal and where you can start a discussion with other developers. While here on askubuntu it is more of a FAQ type.

As for general information about Ubuntu Touch, the best resource would be the developer portal and ubuntu homepage.


This command affects the GUI, so it must be executed after the GUI is set up. If you can live without your custom mouse button assignment on the login screen, add the command to your startup applications. Don't use sudo, it isn't useful here (and in fact might not work).

With a Gnome interface, the startup applications are in "System > Preferences > Startup Applications". With the Unity interface, they are in "Applications > Other > Startup Applications". See Adding program to session startup in the Ubuntu community documentation for more details.


As you said you can run openshot from terminal and from Run menu (Alt-F2), it seems you're simply lacking the launcher file to be able to open it from the menu.

Create an openshot.desktop file in /usr/share/applications (or ~/.local/share/applications or directly in ~/Desktop) with the following content:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Openshot
Exec=/usr/bin/openshot-qt
Icon=/path/to/openshot/icon
Type=Application
Categories=AudioVideo;

Make sure you have the correct path to the exec and to an icon.
Find icons below /usr/share/icons/

Alternatively you can use alacarte as GUI alternative to create launchers.

sudo apt install alacarte


Can't add the same item on multiple xfce panels

I'm using 2 panels. It is possible to add an app to both of the panels. Open menu and right click on the app and click "add to panel". Then select your desired panel.


Xubuntu 15.04 Cannot Suspend when inactive

It looks like your user is not allowed to suspend the PC when not logged in.

Open /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.login1.policy
with your favorite editor as root and search for entry
<action id="org.freedesktop.login1.suspend">

Change
<allow_inactive>auth_admin_keep</allow_inactive>
to :
<allow_inactive>yes</allow_inactive>


Unable to delete file - no such file or directory

I know this is old, but I had the same problem as yours, only with a folder, not with a file. None of the methods suggested here worked.

I managed to solve the problem by creating a folder in the same position and with the same name as the one I couldn't delete. The folder was created correctly and it "replaced" the non existing one. Then I simply removed the new folder and the issue was gone. Simple as that.


bashrc syntax error after adding ANDROID_HOME

The first character of the first line of your .bashrc is an i. It shouldn't be there. Remove it.


Restart instead shutdown in ubuntu 20.04

Did you try shutdown -h now in console ?


below thing solved mine

sudo vim /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ConnectionName
set this : password-flags=0

next time this will store your password.


How to chabge GDM Login theme in ubuntu 12.04 lts

Although this will change gdm by mdm this works and has been tested on 12.04.
How can I replace LightDM with MDM?


Could faulty hardware (other than the storage device itself) screw with the root filesystem so that it breaks?

Yes.

As an example: Malfunctioning RAM can result in file corruption. editing your /etc/fstab to mount R/O (read only) should reduce the odds of such an occurrence to near zero.


You should try enabling java in your browser.


Grub screen remains at "Minimal BASH like line editing is supported" after installing Ubuntu on Surface Pro 4

I managed to fix this issue like this:

reinstalling/clean installing ubuntu just to be on the safe side
boot into windows (linux still doesn't boot due to grub issues)
install rEFInd following the official instructions
reboot, and not only it works, but as a bonus I have a nive graphical UI to select operating systems


ping: unknown host google.com in UBUNTU SERVER

If you're using a static IP you should also add DNS servers.

Edit /etc/network/interfaces:

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

Below iface eth0 inet static add the following line:

dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

This will use Google's DNS servers.
Restart your network:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

Note: as chaos says, you can also edit /etc/resolv.conf but these changes will be overwritten on reobot.

Note2: Sometimes  sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart is not enough, but a full reboot helps.


Sounds like a hardware issue IE; your HDD is toast, try again after replacing.


apparantly inconsistent partition table in Ubuntu liveUSB

If there is nothing on that usb stick, you can delete and recreate it all over again. This is automatic configuration, sdb2 is sandwiched inside sdb1 range.
"SDB1-SDB2-SDB1" format. Why ? Not sure why it did this.. MBR does not show up in the partition table to my knowledge.


Try typing alsamixer in terminal and navigate through the options there.

Tip: if any scale has MM under it, it is muted, to enable it just select it (left/right arrows) and press M.

Then if you need to increase or decrease the volume level use up/down arrows.


Track and close children terminals. Spare the parent

Instead of closing the terminals, I recommend that you somehow terminate (e.g. kill) the processes running inside them. These are your robot simulation processes, started up by you, so you should know the PID belonging to them.

Given the default of every terminal emulator, which is to close itself when the requested process (i.e. ./robot_sim) terminates, this will result in those terminal windows or tabs closing.


It seems that the bluetooth will only work after installing modules from Larry Fingers Github site

sudo apt-get install build-essential git linux-headers-generic
git clone https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git
cd rtlwifi_new
make
sudo make install
cd ~
git clone -b troy https://github.com/lwfinger/rtl8723au_bt.git
cd rtl8723au_bt-troy
make
sudo make install

Reboot

Since these are built only for the current kernel, a kernel update will cause bluetooth to quit functioning and your wifi may revert to having issues, when that happens

cd rtlwifi_new
make clean
make
sudo make install

cd ~/rtl8723au_bt-troy
make clean
make
sudo make install

Reboot


How Find a Linux Kernel Supported Wireless Card?

go to Realtek 8191SE

this will give you a download for your linux driver,then search install wireless card

Install directions


Download the bcmwl-kernel-source from a mirror site from here and install

For some reason Ubuntu decided to put a 3.16 kernel with a version of bcmwl that doesn't work 6.30.223.141 as it does't have the needed patch

If the answer works, please file a bug report, info here


How to print from sites that normally require OS X or Windows?

According to Coupons.com Incorporated, Customer Support, which I think they're one of the largest coupon outfits, "Unfortunately, Linux is not currently a supported platform for coupons from Coupons.com."

Now that being said, I would recommend the you install Windows inside a Virtual Machine if you really want to print these coupons.  You can use VirtualBox, since its free.


Connecting to SSH over the internet on ubuntu-core

Setup Zerotier on both the servers and then connect through there.
No opening ports to the internet
Guide can be found here


Command to find how much data was transferred from USB

I do not believe cron itself is the correct method but Wireshark has native support for doing a capture on the USB interfaces. From the link:

Linux
To dump USB traffic on Linux, you need the usbmon module, which has existed since Linux 2.6.11. Information on that module is available in /usr/src/linux/Documentation/usb/usbmon.txt in the Linux source tree. Depending on the distribution you're using, and the version of that distribution, that module might be built into the kernel, or might be a loadable module; if it's a loadable module, depending on the distribution you're using, and the version of that distribtuion, it might or might not be loaded for you. If it's a loadable module, and not loaded, you will have to load it with the command
modprobe usbmon

which must be run as root.


sudo apt-get update - error 404 on 16.04

I see that you have added other repositories besides the default sources from Ubuntu. If you can guarantee that your Internet connection is working and the problem persists, then I believe that there is something wrong with these repositories. Maybe they are temporally off-line or your firewall or proxy is blocking them.

One way to partially solve this problem is to restore the default repositories. First, make sure to backup your current apt configuration files

$ cd /etc/apt
$ sudo cp sources.list sources.list.old
$ sudo cp -r sources.list.d sources.list.d.old

Now, make sure that /etc/apt/sources.list only has the following content:

deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted

deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb-src http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb-src http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse

deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner

Then, remove everything from /etc/apt/sources.list.d

$ sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*

Finally, update and see what happens:

$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

If everything works fine, you will be able to upgrade the packages from the standard Ubuntu distribution.


How to extract the audio from an mp4 video to a mp3 file?

You can use ffmpeg:

ffmpeg -i /PATH/TO/INPUT.mp4 /PATH/TO/OUTPUT.mp3

If it is not installed, you can install it with:

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

You can find a help page on using ffmpeg here, or by running ffmpeg --help or man ffmpeg. On some versions of ubuntu it is sometimes called avconv, which is largely similar in functionality.

For the above commands, you use the Terminal, which can be accessed by opening it from the dash/launcher, or by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T.


How do I set the refresh rate for my CRT monitor to 100Hz and above?

xrandr should do the trick nicely.

First, compute your modeline for your resolution and refresh rate:

cvt 1600 900 75

(Here I'm assuming 1600x900@75Hz.  Make sure you change that if yours is different.) Then create a new mode with xrandr:

xrandr --newmode "1600x900_75.00"  104.00  1600 -hsync +vsync

Add the new mode to xrandr:

xrandr --verbose  --addmode VGA-0  "1600x900_75.00"

Then enable it:

xrandr --output VGA-0 --mode "1600x900_75.00"

Note that your values will be different. Run xrandr with no arguments to find out the name of your monitor and use that instead. Running xrandr -q will display a list of available outputs.

Here's some more information on xrandr.

Thanks to this answer for the nitty gritty details.


After installing plank shutdown logs me out

Open the file ~/.config/autostart/plank.desktop.
Add at the end of the file:

X-GNOME-Autostart-Delay=5


How can I turn TPM off or disable it in Ubuntu?

In grub.cfg you can add a line
rmmod tpm

You may need to re-do it after automatic updating of grub in an installed system,

or enter it via the advice at the following links,
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Setup
https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/


There are many others who are facing the same problem but some are facing more severe case of it or less severe but don't worry there are many solutions.
I wanted to ask you
If you are using the latest upstream kernel ?
Test the latest upstream kernel? Refer to
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/KernelMainlineBuilds
Please test the latest v4.19 kernel[0].
If this bug is fixed in the mainline kernel, please add the following tag

'kernel-fixed-upstream'.

If the mainline kernel does not fix this bug, please add the tag:

'kernel-bug-exists-upstream'.


Unable to lock the administration directory - DPKG configure stuck on initramfs

Immediately after the BIOS/UEFI splash screen during boot, with BIOS, quickly press and hold the Shift key, which will bring up the GNU GRUB menu. (If you see the Ubuntu logo, you've missed the point where you can enter the GRUB menu.) With UEFI press (perhaps several times) the Esc key to get to the GRUB menu. Sometimes the manufacturer's splash screen is a part of the Windows bootloader, so when you power up the machine it goes straight to the GRUB screen, and then pressing Shift is unnecessary.
From the GRUB screen select Advanced options for Ubuntu and press Enter.

A new purple screen will appear showing a list of Linux kernels, which includes options of booting the kernels normally or in recovery mode.

Use the arrow keys on the keyboard to select an earlier kernel version and press Enter to boot with the selected kernel.

Open a text-only virtual console by pressing the keyboard combination Ctrl+Alt+F3.

At the login: prompt type your username and press Enter.
At the Password: prompt type your user password and press Enter. After you have logged in, you can run commands from the virtual console.
Run the following commands to remove your /var/lib/dpkg/lock file and force package reconfiguration.

sudo apt install --reinstall linux-image-generic=4.15.0.36.39
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock
sudo dpkg --configure -a

To bring up the normal Ubuntu login screen run this command:

sudo systemctl start graphical.target

If this doesn't work bring up the virtual console again and run the following commands in Step 3 of the preceding 4 steps:

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock
sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock


How to download all files from Ubuntu One?

Follow this guide to connect via FTP, then copy and paste from the new window to your home directory. Here are the steps:

In a terminal:

mkdir ~/u1ftp
cd ~/u1ftp
wget https://launchpad.net/u1ftp/trunk/0.1/+download/u1ftp-0.1.zip
ln -s ~/u1ftp/u1ftp-0.1.zip u1ftp
python u1ftp

Leave the terminal open
Open a file browser and click File > Connect to Server... and enter the following:

Server address: ftp://`localhost`:2121
Ubuntu One username (email address) and password

Wait a moment and your folder pops into view. Copy items from it.

In my experience I encountered several permission errors. I clicked skip-all and expect I'll be missing some items, but they were not critical to me. YMMV.


How to properly invoke motd for SSH connections with PAM disabled

You can edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file on your server and un-comment or add the following line:

PrintMotd yes

Then restart SSH with sudo service ssh restart.


It looks like you're trying to build from source. While there are reasons to do this - for example, if you need to use cutting-edge features that have not been released yet, in general it's not the ideal way to install software.

Installing from source means you'll have to manually look out for updates (including security updates).

You might prefer to install with the system package manager, which installs a bundle that's been tested against your version of Ubuntu and will be checked for updates by the OS.

As Charles Green mentioned, you can do this with sudo apt-get install libnotify4.


Strange font rendering after installing Dolphin

Like Rmano guessed I had to delete ~/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf which included (wrong) settings for the antialiasing of fonts. Any problematic program started after deleting that file, rendered the fonts right again.


On file /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini add address=0.0.0.0 which is the default xrdp address.

Also you have to permit firewall to listen to connections on port 3389 that xrdp is working on. For this execute:

sudo ufw allow 3389

If that doesn't work either:

Restart PCs
Disable firewall (sudo ufw disable) on server pc and then recheck (might even need another restart).

In case you missed it, i will list the entire procedure below (which was a pain to assemble). You'll be fine with that if you follow step by step (promise!).

Remote Desktop between any OS's Step-By-Step guide

I. Windows to / from Windows:

Use Windows Remote Desktop software

II. Linux / Unix to / from anywhere

First do the following on the server computer that you will connect via remote desktop:

- Allow other users to view your desktop
- Best to require a password
- service ssh status
- To allow computers to connect with X11 graphics system capabilities as well, you need to
    install an X11 server on the computer that is trying to connect (client). So
    * for a Windows computer use XMing
    * for a Linux Ubuntu computer use XQuartz

IIa. Windows to Linux from terminal with graphics support

- Launch XMing on Windows client
- Launch Putty
    * Fill in basic options
    * Connection -> SSH -> X11
        -> Enable X11 forwarding
        -> X display location = :0.0
        -> MIT-Magic-Cookie-1
        -> X authority file for local display = point to the Xming.exe executable

IIb. (b for better) Windows to Linux with full GUI support. This is what most of you will want.

- install xrdp which uses the remote desktop protocol to present a GUI to the user.
    It can provide a fully functional Linux terminal server, capable of accepting connections
    from rdesktop, freerdp, and Microsoft's own terminal server / remote desktop clients.
    xrdp is the daemon that handles RDP remote desktop access from Windows machines to Linux
- edit the "/etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini" file to include the line:
    address=0.0.0.0
    right under #background=626x72 line. 0.0.0.0 is the local server address of xrdp
- Restart xrdp service
- allow xrdp port (probably 3389) through firewall
- We also need a VNC server. Install tightvncserver on Linux server machine.
- run tightvncserver (no need to create a view-only password)
- "netstat -lvp | grep vnc" to check out the ports that tightvnc is listening on for
    connections
- allow the vncserver port from the firewall: sudo ufw allow #
- allow the xrdp server
- Install xfce4 desktop environment an update to xfce, minimalistic faster and lightweight
    sudo apt-get install xfce4
- sudo apt-get install xfce4-terminal : way better than xterm
- sudo apt-get install gnome-icon-theme-full tango-icon-theme : installs icon sets
- Now we modify 2 files to make sure xrdp uses xfce4
    * echo xfce4-session >~/.xsession
    * secondly we modify startup file for xRDP located at /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh
        so it will start xfce4. Replace the last line with
        startxfce4
        (before it had something which started with a ., but no matter whatever it is, just
        replace the last line)
    * restart xrdp service: sudo service xrdp restart
- Now you are ready to log into the computer from client using Remote Desktop (mstsc.exe).
    Just supply the ipv4 or hostname of the VNC server.

III. *nix to / from *nix

- ssh -X [preferedUserName]@[targetIpv4Address] : -X flag enales X11 forwarding
- accept security certificates from trusted hosts when prompted

IV. Making the connection secure (optional step - applies to any configuration)

VNC & xrdp protocols are not secure which means that they are not encrypted.

To make the connection secure edit the /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini file so that the address becomes 127.0.0.1. This will be the localhost address of the ssh server. SSH encryption will be used underneath to tunnel the vnc traffic.

- sudo service xrdp restart
- sudo service ssh restart
- pkill Xtightvnc
- tightvncserver
- putty -> Connection -> SSH -> Tunnels
    * Source port: 5555
    * Destination: localhost:3389

If the above don't work:

You may need to restart both computers,
Disable firewall (sudo ufw disable) on server pc and then recheck (might even need another restart).
If above don't work then you have messed up your system, by installing conflicting packages. You have to do manual troubleshooting on that (very unlikely you reach this step if you follow the instructions properly).

Sources and credit:

"danscourses" channel excellent 4 video series on YouTube
https://www.tweaking4all.com/software/linux-software/use-xrdp-remote-access-ubuntu-14-04/


could be a problem of codec?
install  ubuntu-restricted-extras
if you are on Ubuntu 12.10 or 12.04
and retry ...

Else if you are on Ubuntu 13.04, ubuntu-restricted-extras does not seem available yet


I could recommend you with Plex Media Server.

They ship with some HTML5 player, that works with any modern browser (including mobiles).


How do I fix boot error "Kernel requires a 86-64 cpu"?

You appear to be trying to run an amd64 (64 bits) build on a 32-bits PC. Download an i386 (32 bits) CD image instead from ubuntu.com/download and make sure to select "32 bits" as the flavour.

The CD you have there will run fine on more recent hardware, though.


Change a non exposed setting to change the behaviour from keeping the icons fixed to scaling the icons by issuing following command in the terminal or the Run dialog (Alt+F2:
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock icon-size-fixed false

This will cause the icons to shrink in size so they can all fit on the screen.


Need help to sort out partitions with Mac OS X + Ubuntu Dual Boot

First, rEFIt has been abandoned. I've forked the project as rEFInd and added significant new capabilities, particularly for handling Linux installations. You might therefore want to try using rEFInd. You should be able to use a CD-R or USB flash drive image (although these sometimes don't work on some Macs) for testing.

Second, the procedure you followed creates a hybrid MBR, which is an ugly and dangerous hack that's not required to boot Linux on most Macs. You're usually better off installing Linux in EFI mode and using a conventional GPT disk. This will require using an EFI-mode boot loader for Linux (rEFInd in conjunction with a 3.3.0 or later kernel works well for this) rather than the BIOS-mode GRUB.

Third, if you installed GRUB to the Linux partition, that means that there's no BIOS-mode boot loader in the disk's MBR. If you must do a BIOS-mode boot, you probably need a BIOS-mode boot loader in the MBR, so you'll need to install one. The Boot Repair tool should be able to put GRUB there, or you can do it manually from a live CD.


How to repair "sudo: /etc/sudoers is mode 0640, should be 0440?"

I think your best bet is to start the system in recovery mode (see here for instructions), drop to root shell and do chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.

EDIT: as Mik suggested below, the following should work as well without rebooting the system:

pkexec chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers


How do I overcome the chm2pdf error in the description?

This is a normal error when the HTML contains other languages (like javascript) or contains formatting errors.

Use --extract-only to extract the HTML files from the CHM, change the HTML files to something that is valid HTML and then use --dontextract to convert the new files into a single PDF (--extract-only and --dontextract options were created just to overcome these kind of errors).

Some pointers regarding extracting and manipulating a file can be found here:

http://www.karakas-online.de/forum/viewtopic.php?t=10275
http://www.karakas-online.de/forum/viewtopic.php?t=10965
http://www.karakas-online.de/forum/viewtopic.php?t=11078

--
The first link of these 3 show that 2 options CHM2PDF_TEMP_WORK_DIR and CHM2PDF_TEMP_ORIG_DIR are used to store the temporary files om disc.  From the link:

  This is the only changeable variables in the script. The user can change them to whatever he likes - no other changes are needed. From CHM2PDF_TEMP_WORK_DIR and CHM2PDF_TEMP_ORIG_DIR, the chm2pdf computes its orig and work dirs by adding the basename of the CHM file (without the .chm ending). So if you give it /home/chris/my-file.chm to convert, it will use /tmp/chm2pdf/work/my-file as work directory and /tmp/chm2pdf/orig/my-file as orig directory. It expands the files contained in the CHM file into the orig directory, then copies the ones it needs into its work dir and continues there. The original TEMP_DIR and TEMP_OUT simply did not work out of the box.


Open a terminal and type wine uninstaller. Select iTunes from the list and click remove.


For the more modern wireless cards and drivers I would recommend you install the 2.6.38 kernel which is now available from the standard Lucid repositories - it is now supported by Canonical.

To install:

sudo apt-get install linux-image-generic-lts-backport-natty linux-headers-generic-lts-backport-natty

If you are using any proprietary graphics drivers, you will need to reinstall these from the Hardware Drivers window.

N.B. you may also need to install the x-updates PPA for updated graphics drivers i.e.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

However I would recommend an drive image backup first to allow you to get to a clean start point.

To remove:

If you find yourself without a bootable computer, press and hold the SHIFT button during the boot sequence and you will be able to select the older 2.6.32 kernel.

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-generic-lts-backport-natty linux-headers-generic-lts-backport-natty

If you also had installed x-updates then

sudo ppa-purge ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates


Dual Monitor Setting for laptop Ubuntu 18.04

as you can tell, I am a noob in this Linux environment. After googling, downloading packages, and editting xorg.conf, nothing helped.

I updated into linux kernel 14.19 it suddenly shows hdmi port in my xrandr output and after that it automatically got connected to my monitor. Thank god, but I do not know why...


Recommendation for a non-programmer's guide to self-teaching Python

You'll find a lot of information for non-programmers here.


A tool for monitoring changes in region of the screen

Maybe just touch/transfer a file somewhere using ssh?

But to answer your question something like this using sikula:

http://doc.sikuli.org/region.html#creating-a-region-setting-and-getting-attributes

By creating a region object and then monitoring it, you could potentially automate by using screen capture.

http://sikuli.wikispaces.com/Real+Use+Examples


With PCRE, one can do:

grep -Po '\b(\w+)\b.{1,10}\b\1\b'

-P enables Perl-style regular expressions using PCRE.
-o prints only the matched text.
\b marks the word boundary
(\w+) groups a match of word characters
.{1,10} matches up to 10 characters and at least 1.
\1 refers to the group matched earlier.


Apparently this is a known high importance issue. It is also mentioned in the 19.10 release notes.

It appears as if a fix has been committed and hopefully will be available in the next release.

At this point, we should be able to consider this issue on track for resolution.


How to mark bad sectors in Disk Utility?

Install gsmartcontrol and smartmontools, using Synaptic. Then, open gsmartcontrol from the dash, and run the smart extended disk test. This will scan for bad blocks.

You could also use the "badblocks" command in terminal, but be careful, if you give it the wrong parameters, it could wipe out your data. See "man badblocks" for more info.

And yes, I'll echo the previous advice... backup your data... and be prepared to replace the hard disk... Toshiba hard disk drives aren't great.


A GtkEntry signal emitting at focus change

gtk.Entry implements the gtk.Editable interface, so you can use those methods on your entry widget without problems. But if I understand your question correctly, you don't want the insert_text signal. You should rather use the focus-out-event.


Ubuntu 18.04 Hardware RAID size discrepencies

Your RAID is now 26.7 TB large, but did you also resize the filesystem on that RAID?
What filesystem type are you using? Ext4? XFS? Btrfs? Something else?


The help for alias indicates that it can assign multiple aliases at once:

alias: alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]
    Define or display aliases.

    Without arguments, `alias' prints the list of aliases in the reusable
    form `alias NAME=VALUE' on standard output.

    Otherwise, an alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given.
    A trailing space in VALUE causes the next word to be checked for
    alias substitution when the alias is expanded.

So you can use brace expansion to generate the name=value pairs:

alias {at,cart,cst}='/bin/cat'

So:

$ alias {at,cart,cst}='/bin/cat'
$ type at cart cst
at is aliased to `/bin/cat'
cart is aliased to `/bin/cat'
cst is aliased to `/bin/cat'

That said, look in to zsh, which has built-in typo correction (which wouldn't help for at, but it would help for the others):

% setopt correct
% sl
zsh: correct `sl' to `ls' [nyae]? y
% setopt correctall
% ls x.v11r4
zsh: correct `x.v11r4' to `X.V11R4' [nyae]? n
/usr/princton/src/x.v11r4 not found
% ls /etc/paswd
zsh: correct to `/etc/paswd' to `/etc/passwd' [nyae]? y
/etc/passwd

  If you press y when the shell asks you if you want to correct a
  word, it will be corrected. If you press n, it will be left alone.
  Pressing a aborts the command, and pressing e brings the line up
  for editing again, in case you agree the word is spelled wrong but you
  don't like the correction.


I've had similar problems with HD videos. Under mplayer, vlc, smplayer, totem, etc. it would consume 100% CPU and choke the video.

I've used good old xine and it works perfectly, thou it's not very user friendly ;)


How to enable home directory encryption for a particular user?

If it is not too late to make a new user account for your work, you could try create it as encrypted:

sudo adduser --encrypt-home

This requires the ecryptfs-utils package.

Or, you could try:

ecryptfs-migrate-home -u USER

Make sure to backup if trying the second option.

You can get the encryption key by executing:

ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase ~/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase


Works perfectly, check it out.
First command:

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

Second command:

pip3 install biopython

root@saurabh-ubuntu:/home/saurabh# apt-get install python-pip python3-pip
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libexpat1-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.4-dev python-colorama python-distlib
  python-html5lib python-requests python-setuptools python-urllib3
  python3-colorama python3-dev python3-distlib python3-html5lib
  python3-setuptools python3.4-dev
Suggested packages:
  python-genshi
Recommended packages:
  python-dev-all
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libexpat1-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.4-dev python-colorama python-distlib
  python-html5lib python-pip python-requests python-setuptools python-urllib3
  python3-colorama python3-dev python3-distlib python3-html5lib python3-pip
  python3-setuptools python3.4-dev
0 upgraded, 17 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 28.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 48.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
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Get:15 http://mirror.team-cymru.org/ubuntu/ trusty/universe python3-html5lib all 0.999-2 [79.3 kB]
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Fetched 28.6 MB in 2min 18s (207 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package libexpat1-dev:amd64.
(Reading database ... 260300 files and directories currently installed.)
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root@saurabh-ubuntu:/home/saurabh# pip3 install biopython
Downloading/unpacking biopython
  Downloading biopython-1.64.tar.gz (11.7MB): 11.7MB downloaded
  Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/biopython/setup.py) egg_info for package biopython

    warning: no previously-included files matching '.cvsignore' found under directory '*'
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory '*'
Installing collected packages: biopython
  Running setup.py install for biopython
    building 'Bio.cpairwise2' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c Bio/cpairwise2module.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/Bio/cpairwise2module.o
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/Bio/cpairwise2module.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/Bio/cpairwise2.cpython-34m.so
    building 'Bio.trie' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -IBio -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c Bio/triemodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/Bio/triemodule.o
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -IBio -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c Bio/trie.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/Bio/trie.o
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/Bio/triemodule.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/Bio/trie.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/Bio/trie.cpython-34m.so
    building 'Bio.Nexus.cnexus' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c Bio/Nexus/cnexus.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/Bio/Nexus/cnexus.o
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/Bio/Nexus/cnexus.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/Bio/Nexus/cnexus.cpython-34m.so

    warning: no previously-included files matching '.cvsignore' found under directory '*'
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory '*'
Successfully installed biopython
Cleaning up...
root@saurabh-ubuntu:/home/saurabh# python3
Python 3.4.0 (default, Apr 11 2014, 13:05:11)
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import Bio
>>>
[3]+  Stopped                 python3
root@saurabh-ubuntu:/home/saurabh#


How did you set the default viewer ?

Can you try this xdg-mime default shotwell.desktop image/png


Burg team has stopped its development and installing it on newer ubuntu versions is buggy.

I suggest you to continue using grub. Actually there are many good themes existing for grub. A few of them are

http://www.deviantart.com/tag/grub2?offset=0
https://github.com/Se7endAY/grub2-theme-vimix
https://github.com/maximilienGilet/Elegant-GRUB2


Is there a way to hide a Folder on the Desktop without '.dot' naming?

You can create a file called .hidden and write the names of the files you want to hide in it.

BEFORE

/home/user/Desktop/file1
/home/user/Desktop/file2

CREATE .hidden file, echo file1 > /home/user/Desktop/.hidden

AFTER

/home/user/Desktop/file1  (HIDDEN)
/home/user/Desktop/file2
/home/user/Desktop/.hidden (HIDDEN)

No file got moved nor renamed.


no root file system defined error in ubuntu 13.10 installation

First of all, digest this fact -- ubuntu works on an ext4 partition while, on the otherhand, Windows runs on an NTFS partition. If you decide to run Ubuntu and Windows on same partition, you might want to consider using Wubi.exe(Windows Ubuntu Installer).
[This installs Ubuntu and Windows on the same partition, but i would suggest you have two different partitions for the sake of performance. I believe that the system becomes slow in course of time due to fragmentation -- SUMMARY: use different partitions for Ubuntu and Windows].

Otherwise, if you decide to remove Windows (ofcourse after backing up all the important data) and shift to Ubuntu, while installing Ubuntu, go for the option "Other", and go for creating a new partition table, then define the root for your file system, and then install ubuntu.


The answer to the first part of your question is no they are not going to be updated automatically however if you decide to upgrade your 16.04 to 16.10 then yes, everything will be upgraded to the last version in 16.10.
Yes
That's not the case, it's all about stability, in fact developer are putting a lot of efforts to patch the bug and security issues without pulling the last version of software from upstream which is a really easier thing to do, because they don't want to sacrifice stability.

Also read this for more information:
 Why don't the Ubuntu repositories have the latest versions of software?


Unable to connect to 'openconnect' through LAN

Have you tried using NetworkManager-openconnect?
When NetworkManager is managing your network, openconnect and NetworkManager may conflict with each other.

install:

sudo apt-get install network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome


Errors were encountered while processing linux-image-3.2.0-54-virtual

For anyone who comes across this issue, use this resource http://www.khattam.info/solved-subprocess-pre-removal-script-returned-error-exit-status-2-error-2009-08-04.html#more-303

It fixed the problem for me. The packages: linux-image-2.3.0-54-virtual and linux-image were in the /var/lib/dpkg/status several times, there were doubles. Just use vim or nano, whichever your favorite editor is and remove the packages. Save it and then do sudo apt-get update. Then do sudo apt-get -f install.

Everything should work now.


How can I remove a google calendar from list of calendars on BQ ubuntuphone?

Remove the corresponding Google account from System Settings > Accounts, then add the account again but don't allow the Calendar app to access the account.


Pendrive is not working after installing ubuntu 13.04 64 BIT on it. Help?

try installing https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/precise/gnome-disk-utility/

A Disk utility tool. And see if it helps!


Tor check failed though Vidalia shows green onion

What you need to configure is polipo/privoxy for tor as your are using http proxy. Tor doesnot use 8118 as its port it uses 9050 and it is a socks proxy. You can use this configuration for polipo to use with tor. Just do:

sudo wget https://gitweb.torproject.org/torbrowser.git/blob_plain/HEAD:/build-scripts/config/polipo.conf -O /etc/polipo/config

sudo service tor stop && sudo service polipo stop

sudo service tor start && sudo service polipo start

tor needs to start before polipo, or else polipo will occupy the 9050 port and tor will start with errors

I am giving much focus here on polipo because tor itself recommends polipo and is installed by default on tor installation. You can use privoxy in place of polipo as well. Most of the tor users recommend using the default socks proxy if the application handles it.

Go to the Network settings and select the proxy method to Manual. Set all addresses to 127.0.0.1 and all ports to 8118, except for the socket port which needs to be 9050.
With this setup, the following components are not necessary and not encouraged:

Browser proxy plugins
Vidalia

Whenever you want to use your direct connection again, refer to the Network settings and change the proxy method to None.


Getting Dynamic firewall from Fedora 15 into Ubuntu?

You can download it from here.

Then you can use Alien to convert it to a deb package. Run something like this at terminal:
alien --to-deb package.rpm

Finally install your package:
sudo dpkg -i package.deb

Enjoy!


How do I fix error building package on ppa, uses tweepy/quickly

You should add the tweepy PPA as dependency for your PPA (you can do this from the Launchpad web interface for your PPA), and add python-tweepy as a build dependency in your package.


Ubuntu 14.04 fails to boot - libpcre.so.3

You said

  Thank you A.B. That has fixed it!

Therefore I have converted my comment into an answer:

Remove the link of /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3 in /lib
Boot into your live system
Download and extract

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/p/pcre3/libpcre3_8.31-2ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb
dpkg -x libpcre3_8.31-2ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb foo

Mount your root partition of your real system
Copy the content of foo into / of your real system


Go to Realtek Support site and download the

  Linux Kernel 2.6.18~2.6.38 and Kernel 3.0.8

 $) unzip -x RTL8188C_8192C_USB_linux_v3.4.4_4749.20121105.zip
 $) sudo sh install.sh

and you are done. Hope it helps


Apparently, this is a common issue.
I found the solution here: https://mwop.net/blog/2014-11-03-utopic-and-amd.html

Essentially, what I did was, I logged into my problematic machine via SSH and ran:

sudo apt-get purge 'fglrx*'
sudo update-alternatives --remove-all x86_64-linux-gnu_gl_conf
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-dri libgl1-mesa-glx

I am also running 14.10 but on a 32bit machine, therefore, the following did not work for me:

sudo update-alternatives --remove-all x86_64-linux-gnu_gl_conf

However, after running them all and then rebooting the machine via sudo shutdown now -r, I was able to login.


No.  If you can see some files on the hard drive but not others then it might indicate that there is a problem with the filesystem.  Make sure that you change the view in Nautilus to show hidden files, but this is unlikely to be the problem.

You could try installing testdisk on Ubuntu on the USB and see if that can help you recovery the missing files.  Check the partition and mount status of the NTFS partition(s) with the commands

sudo fdisk -l
blkid
mount

first so that you have a better idea what you are dealing with.

If you have an external drive that is big enough and has enough free space, you could make a bit copy of the internal drive and use testdisk to investigate the file system on it.  This is SOP for data recovery, especially in cases where the drive may be damages or failing.


Cannot access Windows drive from Ubuntu 12.10 (USB)

I just got exactly the same problem,my friend gave me the link,and the solution worked like a charm.

Apparently,some USB flashdisk just can't work with some USB 2.0 driver,so the solution is to disable ehci_hcd

here's the link:
http://www.geekdevs.com/2010/04/solved-unable-to-enumerate-usb-device-disabling-ehci_hcd/


GNOME Shell broken / Nautilus menu appears at top of screen after setting up Edgebound Desktop

From the artist's comment in his DeviantArt page:

Get access to a terminal and type rm ~/.config/autostart/compiz.desktop
Thanks for finding this bug. It has nothing to do with the theme at all. It has to do with compiz now trying to start in Gnome-Shell which obviously will break it. I this fix to the restore script.

Hopefully, that will help solve your broken gnome-shell problem.
And, regarding the Nautilus menu on top of your desktop, you can fix that by disabling file manager handling the desktop.
To do that, you can try gnome-tweak-tool .
Open gnome-tweak-tool and turn off the switch that says 'Have file manager handle the desktop'.


Boot fails(sometimes) after "Switched to clocksource tsc"

I have exactly the same problem on my Lenovo y480 laptop, running Ubuntu 13.10.

I read somewhere that this issue could have to do something with acpi. So I tried to boot using acpi=noirq as a boot option. (See HowTo set Bootparameters)

This seemed to solve the problem, but being a Linux beginner, I am not sure at all of the implications of this option, so after a short time I went back to the 50/50 chance of a successful boot-up...


Creating shortcut to Oracle SQL Developer on desktop

So, my guess is that it's not set as an executable. Check it's permissions.

From the command line you can run the following to add execute permissions to the file:

chmod +x sqldeveloper.sh

Another method I'd recommend is creating a shortcut would be the following:

cd /usr/share/applications
sudo gedit ./sqldeveloper.desktop

This will open an empty file in Gedit.

In the file, add the following contents:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=SQL Developer
Comment=Oracle SQL Developer
GenericName=SQL Developer for Linux
Exec=/opt/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper.sh &
Type=Application
Categories=Developer;

Save the file.

Now if you use the Search for SQL Developer in your app menu, you'll find SQL Developer and you can run it from there.

Now you can either add that as a favorite of yours or you can drag and drop it to your desktop.

To confirm, I just did this process myself while writing this up.

You can also reference this post for other ways to do what you're looking to do.

How can I create launchers on my desktop?


I'm fairly certain there is no default password for either root or ubuntu.
If you download the cloud-image and mount the root file system without booting it you will see that /etc/shadow contains no password for root.
The ubuntu user does not even exist.  cloud-init will create users on first boot.  If you do not provide configuration for cloud-init then the default user configuration is used.  That is defined in /etc/cloud.cfg as
   # Default user name + that default users groups (if added/used)
   default_user:
     name: ubuntu
     lock_passwd: True
     gecos: Ubuntu
     groups: [adm, audio, cdrom, dialout, dip, floppy, lxd, netdev, plugdev, sudo, video]
     sudo: ["ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL"]
     shell: /bin/bash

This creates the ubuntu user with password login disabled.


how to copy all applications from one linux machine to another

Clonezilla is a cloning tool. It will give you an exact duplicate. ie 16.04 on both  machines.

If you want to keep 17.10 on the second machine then apt-clone will make a list of all installed package on the sources machine. This list can then be used to install the same packages on the second machine. This will not copy configuration files.

Note: 17.10 uses wayland by default, which is radically different than Xorg (default for 16.04).


I installed R and RStudio a couple of days ago on Ubuntu 18.04

The required steps for me with an otherwise fresh desktop install of Ubuntu 18.04 were:

wget https://download1.rstudio.org/rstudio-xenial-1.1.453-amd64.deb
sudo apt install r-base r-base-dev libjpeg62
sudo dpkg -i rstudio-xenial-1.1.453-amd64.deb


I succeeded on my laptop with external HDMI : see my blog here
I still need to figure out - at least if it's not a bug from the drivers - how to get everything working when actually NOT using HDMI because in my case it doesn't work (with nvidia drivers), but some others reported it's working.

Maybe you'll have better luck !
Cheers!


The smaller partition carries the bootloader of Windows. So choose the 350 MB partition.

Here are some details by Microsoft. Maybe the Disk Management tool also shows which partition is the boot partition.


Ubuntu can't mount my NTFS external hard drive with Windows installed on it

if you wish to delete the windows installation, you can either delete the partition with fdisk or the like, or simply make a new filesystem with the mkfs command, like so:
mkfs -t <filesystem type> /dev/sdb5, where filesystem type can be any number of supported filesystems, including ntfs, ext{2,3,4}, fat{12,16,32}, and so fourth. But, this seems a bit overkill. You can simply boot the windows partition and properly shut it down.


I take it that you have installed Nautilus 3.6 from the GNOME 3 PPA. TO revert, you can just purge the PPA using ppa-purge . Run this command to purge the packages from GNOME 3 PPA and you would revert back to the default Nautilus 3.4.

sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3


You have to indent the properties accordingly to identify parent and child properties. Otherwise netplan is not able to parse your YAML configuration. A valid YAML file for netplan would be as follows.

network:
 version: 2
 renderer: networkd
 ethernets:
  ens3:
   dhcp4: no
   dhcp6: no
   addresses: [5.157.82.219/23]
   gateway4: 5.157.82.1
   nameservers:
    addresses: [109.235.76.162,93.94.226.236,85.158.203.252,85.158.200.76,8.8.8.8]

You are free in choosing the indentation spaces, but it should be the same within the YAML file.

For comprehensive examples of netplan configurations, please also read through netplan examples.


Is there to be a New release '18.10' available for 32-bit?

No. There never will be another Ubuntu that is 32-bit.

You will need to switch to an alternative. Some of the official flavors intend to keep 32-bit in their arsenal. But I would assume they will stick to LTS for 32-bit.

3 examples:

Budgie. 18.04 is 64 and 32. 19.04 is 64 only. No 18.10 download.
Xubuntu 18.04 is 64 and 32. 19.04 is 64 only. No 18.10 download.
Lubuntu has a 32 for 18.10 listed on their main site.

===

More on this:

Canonical Considering To Drop 32 Bit Support In Ubuntu

  Yesterday, developer Dimitri John Ledkov wrote a message on the Ubuntu Mailing list calling for the end of i386 support by Ubuntu 18.10. Ledkov argues that more software is being developed with 64-bit support. He is also concerned that it will be difficult to provide security support for the aging i386 architecture.


Because the php command still links to the old php 7.2 binary.

Locate the path of the php command:

which php

It may output something like /usr/bin/php

Delete this old link:

rm /usr/bin/php

Create a new link:

ln -s path/to/php7.3 /usr/bin/php

Try it:

php -v


To answer my own question which Jos partly answered.

You should not comment out the bind address line (in /etc/my.cnf). Instead, you should point it to the server's IP address, i.e. 10.0.0.40, and restart MySQL.

That combined with

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘https’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’ WITH GRANT OPTION;
instead of
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'https'@'10.0.0.10';
has fixed the issue. Hopefully this will help others having the same problem.

Thanks for the help guys!


Is it possible to play World of Warcraft?

Yes, it is possible.
First Download and install(by double clicking) PlayOnLinux
then open PlayOnLinux (Applications -> PlayOnLinux) and click install.

Then select Games -> World of Warcraft and follow the on-screen instructions.

Then run the game from Applications -> Playonlinux -> World of Warcraft


So the problem has been with the dependencies, namely

libegl1-mesa-drivers depending on libglapi-mesa ( = 10.1.3-0ubuntu0.3 ) (maybe should be >=)

I have added the xorg-edgers PPA again and then properly downgraded with ppa-purge as so:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa && sudo apt-get update
sudo ppa-purge  ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa && sudo apt-get update

and now I have all packages from xorg-edgers removed and system settings dialog opens up :)


Try replacing

Exec=env UBUNTU_MENUPROXY= usr/local/eclipse

with

Exec=env UBUNTU_MENUPROXY= /usr/local/eclipse

(there's a / before usr).


DNS only seems to work with VPS provider's servers

I contacted my VPS provider and they told me all DNS servers except their own are blocked in order to provide better DDoS protection.


Cannot log in to public open Wifi connection

Here is what I have found works for forcing the captive portal (i.e., login page for WIFI connections on public hotspots):

Make the connection to the WIFI.
Open a terminal and type route. You should receive a display such as:

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         10.1.0.1        0.0.0.0         UG    600    0        0 wlo1
10.1.0.0        *               255.255.248.0   U     600    0        0 wlo1
link-local      *               255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 wlo1```

Type the default Gateway (i.e., 10.1.0.1) into your browser's address bar, you will receive the WIFI login page.


Can't add firefox search engines (ubuntu 14.04 & firefox 28)

Th add-on responsible seems to be : Unity Desktop Integration 3.0.2, desactivating it for me resolves the issue.

Since I'm using Ubuntu, I wonder what the desactvation of this plugin will cause however.


Graphical issues in Ubuntu 14.10 with 3rd Gen Lenovo Thinkpad X1 Carbon

Finally solved this by switching from SNA to UXA.

Add /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf, enter the following:

Section "Device"
   Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
   Driver      "intel"
   Option      "AccelMethod"  "uxa"
EndSection

More info here: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Intel_graphics#Tips_and_tricks


I just install Ubuntu 16.04 right now and my headphones were enjoying the silence.
After 2 minutes of hardcore googleing I found this link.

The relevant information its shown below:

Fix issue with headphones not working: –

Open Terminal
alsamixer
Press F6
Select “HDA Intel PCH” card
Press right arrow till the Item shown is “HP/Speaker Auto Detect”
Press M to set it on.
Connect headphones and verify if it works.

Follow step by step the instructions and swept up with music!


create new folder structure within FTP Account

The following bash script will create a directory structure you want:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

set -e

year=2018

mkdir "$year"

for month in {6..12}
do
    mkdir "$year"/"$month"
    days=$(cal "$month" "$year" | awk 'NF {DAYS = $NF}; END {print DAYS}')

    for ((i=1; i <= days; i++))
    do
    mkdir "$year"/"$month"/"$(printf "%02d\n" "$i")"
    done
done

Use tree to see how the structure looks like:

$ tree 2018
2018
├── 10
│   ├── 01
│   ├── 02
│   ├── 03
│   ├── 04
│   ├── 05
│   ├── 06
│   ├── 07
│   ├── 08
│   ├── 09
│   ├── 10
│   ├── 11
│   ├── 12
│   ├── 13
│   ├── 14
│   ├── 15
│   ├── 16
│   ├── 17
│   ├── 18
│   ├── 19
│   ├── 20
│   ├── 21
│   ├── 22
│   ├── 23
│   ├── 24
│   ├── 25
│   ├── 26
│   ├── 27
│   ├── 28
│   ├── 29
│   ├── 30
│   └── 31
├── 11
│   ├── 01
│   ├── 02
(...)

The method for checking how many days are in a given month comes from
here.


What's the correct MAAS DHCP configuration?

The DHCP configuration is for the MAAS server to be managing it's own subnet; this is how you would usually have a MAAS region/controller set up. The fields are as follows:

IP: This is the IP address of your MAAS controller; you are correct
in assuming that it would be 172.16.142.61 if you installed it at
this address.
Subnet Mask: This is the subnet mask of the MAAS region. Normally, you would put up a MAAS controller in its own subnet; the mask for that subnet goes here.
Broadcast IP: This is the broadcast IP address of the subnet; it's usually something along the lines of an address ending in 255
Router IP: This is the IP address of the router for your subnet as part of your MAAS region - i.e. your gateway. Type in the IP address for your connection to the larger internet here.
IP Range Low: this is the start address for where a MAAS controller will begin handing out IP addresses to other clients. If you start the low range at, say, 100, then you can guarantee that machines on the network that request addresses will get an address which is at least 100.
IP Range High: This is the end address for the MAAS controller's DHCP services - like the low value, this is instead the maximum IP address that will be allocated out to other machines by the DHCP.


Provided that you have installed the Ubuntu OS by choosing a supported file system like ext4, no, this is most probably not a problem with Clonezilla. I am using it regularly to make a backup image of my Linux operating systems, including Ubuntu. Some approaches to solve your issues :

Please use the latest stable 64-bit version 2.4.9-17 of Clonezilla, you can download it here.
Make sure that the Windows partition is not in use (disable hibernation mode in Windows).
In case it still freezes, use the partition cloning option ... backup each partition separately.

How to backup the single partitions you can see in this presentation -> clonezilla-save-partitions
Note : I made the presentation some time ago, a few new steps such as the possibility to choose a sub folder of the backup destination directory have been added, but the main part is still valid.

Update addressing the bitmap error message as shown in the screenshot you have added :

It is possible that you have a problem with the file system on a partition of the disk. Download GParted, create a bootable media and check the disks and partitions, alternatively you can use the Ubuntu installation media, GParted is included there. If you see something suspicious here run fsck, open a terminal and execute : sudo fsck.ext4 /dev/sdXY (X = disk | Y = partition). When this does not solve the problem, format the partition with GParted and reinstall Ubuntu.


Most command line programs that provide colored terminal output are smart enough to recognize when their output is not going to a terminal, and suppress the color codes. It seems that ethminer is not.

Your solution was to convert the non-printing ANSI codes into plain text using cat -e, and then parse that. An alternative (and possibly more robust) workaround might be to strip the color codes - one way to do that is using the perl Term::ANSIColor module e.g.

/home/USER/ethminer -U -S eu1.ethermine.org:4444 -O 0x*****************.********** --cuda-parallel-hash 4 2>&1 |
  perl -MTerm::ANSIColor=colorstrip -lne 'print colorstrip $_' | grep ...

However, if we're going to do that, we may as well use perl in place of grep to do the matching. There are many ways to do that - here's one:

split the line into a whitespace separated array @F
call colorstrip on @F and save the results in @a
find the index of array element matching Speed, then look up and print the next element

ex.

/home/USER/ethminer -U -S eu1.ethermine.org:4444 -O 0x*****************.********** --cuda-parallel-hash 4 2>&1 |
  perl -MTerm::ANSIColor=colorstrip -alne '@a = colorstrip @F; print map { $a[$_+1] } grep { $a[$_] eq "Speed" } 0..$#a'


While running Dwarf Fortress, command line gives me some error about file not found

From the folder with a freshly unpacked dwarf fortress could you run the commands:

pwd; sh -x df

this will allow further debugging of the script that launches dwarf fortress

could you also run:

md5sum Dwarf_Fortress

from the libs folder and paste the checksum as a comment here if thats possible


How can I install programs from Tarballs?

There are several methods to install a program in Ubuntu. I will list them in order of ease.

Look for the program in the Ubuntu Software Center.

By default, Ubuntu provides many programs which are free. These programs are available in your Ubuntu Software Center. This is the most hassle-free way to install, because once you install from the Software Center, any updates which come will be directly integrated with system update.

Also, it takes care of dependencies between software. For example, when a program wants to use a particular version of a shared library which is not available in your system, the Software Center downloads the required library.
Using PPAs. PPA stands for Personal Package Archives. These are software bundled for Ubuntu provided by the community. The updates are also integrated into system update. But be sure you are installing from a trusty source. In this method you add a source URL to your system. Install the software provided into that repo. One such example is Google Chrome. It is not available in Ubuntu’s repo, but you can add it and install Chrome.

For more information, please read “What are PPAs and how do I use them?”
Installing from source: This is what you get in tar/zipped format. This is general way of installing software in any Linux OS. In this process, you compile the program from source.

On the other hand, the deb files are nothing but a compiled form of software which are packaged in a way that is understandable by Ubuntu for an easier installation process.

The big disadvantage of compiling from source is that for any update you have to compile it again. If your software depends on the kernel (like the drivers), on each update you need to compile again.

To know more about the process, please read “How do I install a .tar.gz (or .tar.bz2) file?”


You need to know the files it installed. So basically what I would suggest is to find out their locations with:

sudo updatedb
locate realplayer

Then you can delete all those files, and it is hopefully gone.


Microphone not working in Ubuntu 14.04.01

You have one of two problems, assuming that Ubuntu came with the device driver for your Mic:

go to the top right corner of your screen

right click on the speaker icon

go to sound settings

then click on the input tab in the window that opens up from the previous step

look for the Mic you are trying to troubleshoot on the left side of the screen, if it is not present, you have a driver problem or if its a USB device, the USB is bad or its simply not plugged in all the way. If it is there, click on it and in the right box turn the input volume all the way to 100%

talk into the Mic, if the bar moves with orange color, to Ubuntu, the Mic is working if it doesn't move its an problem with your physical Mic: Ubuntu recognizes the device but the physical device is broke.

Note: allot of special integrated devices (built in Mic) and Ubuntu don't get along (I know mine doesn't), some special edition laptops (not sure if a lenovo b40 qualifies) with their special devices don't have released drivers to third parties, during production, manufactures integrate their driver into windows or whatever the laptop comes with.
If you still have the manual the laptop came with, reference that and see if there is a download site somewhere for the driver if its missing.


Screen flickering on Dell XPS when using mid-range brightness values

Mario Limonciello was probably the first to alert on this issue, in the #954661 bug report, complaining that:

  ... At max brightness (what it boots by default) no
  discernable difference. Then when the screen goes into idle after a
  few minutes not on AC it starts flickering at me violently. The same
  thing happens if I manually hit the brightness down keys. The lower
  the brightness the more aggressive the flicker until I go to zero
  brightness when the flicker goes away.

Kamal Mostafa from the Canonical Hardware Enablement Team, released an update for the Sputnik Kernel PPA that fixes those issues (probably related to all Intel Graphics based models).

To install it, use the advanced packaging tool via the terminal:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:canonical-hwe-team/sputnik-kernel
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux

Than restart:

sudo shutdown -r now


GRUB2 stuck at rescue console, showing "unknown filesystem" for all partitions

I also experienced that issue. But I've found a workaround for this.

My USB drive has first NTFS partition of 430GB (sdg1) followed by Linux partition of 10 GB (sdg2) (all primary).
I installed Ubuntu (or afterwards Trisquel) to it and had the same error about unknown filesystem.

It was that grub was unable to "see" Linux partition after such "large" NTFS partition. I don't know the exact limitations of GRUB2, but my 430GB was above it.

Here is the workaround:

Install grub to USB HDD with root directory at /dev/sdg1 (NTFS partition). You then will have grub.cfg in /boot/grub/ on that partition.
Copy kernel and inirtd image to /boot/ubuntu/ at /dev/sdg1.
Change grub.cfg to have root at 'hd0,msdos1' and to load kernel and initrd from /boot/ubuntu/.

Done.

Here is my grub.cfg entry, for example:

menuentry 'Ubuntu' {
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,msdos1'
    echo    'Loading Linux'
    linux   /boot/iubuntu/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic root=UUID=erg7659b-ad4c-4f84-9ea0-6e9636768669 ro   quiet splash
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd  /boot/iubuntu/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic
}

PS: this workaround won't work with every distro (with ArchBang, for example).


Rename music files so they alphabetically follow a playlist

You could try something like this:
I'm not sure if it needs something more but this should work.

    cat playlist.m3u | I=1 while read file; do
        mv $file $I.$file.mp3;
        I=$I + 1;
    done;

Edit: You could need I=`expr $I + 1'; instead of I=$I + 1;


maybe there is something's wrong in your .bashrc
try to rewrite it to default. like this:

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
[ -z "$PS1" ] && return

# don't put duplicate lines in the history. See bash(1) for more options
# ... or force ignoredups and ignorespace
HISTCONTROL=ignoredups:ignorespace

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "$debian_chroot" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
    # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
    # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
    # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
    color_prompt=yes
    else
    color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
#if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && ! shopt -oq posix; then
#    . /etc/bash_completion
#fi

export PATH=$PATH:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin


Can't upgrade to ubuntu 12.10 - Radeon 7470M issue

Welcome to askubuntu. I don't know how you are upgrading.

So here is my suggestion,

Remove fglrx drivers from current system.

sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev* xorg-driver-fglrx

Update ubuntu.
Reinstall drivers using this guide What is the correct way to install proprietary ATI Catalyst Video Drivers (fglrx) directly from AMD?


How to see available commands that end with a certain string?

I normally do a find command like this

find / -executable -name '*'font 2>/dev/null

Which would result on my computer the following

/usr/bin/showconsolefont
/usr/bin/gnome-thumbnail-font
/usr/bin/splitfont
/usr/bin/showfont
/usr/bin/grub-mkfont
/usr/share/doc/ttf-freefont
/usr/share/doc/fonts-horai-umefont
/usr/share/doc/ttf-umefont
/usr/share/groff/1.21/font
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/horai-umefont
/bin/setfont

Although this command will be a little tighter in its results

find / -type f -perm +111 -name '*'font 2>/dev/null

Returns

/usr/bin/showconsolefont
/usr/bin/gnome-thumbnail-font
/usr/bin/splitfont
/usr/bin/showfont
/usr/bin/grub-mkfont
/bin/setfont


I can't connect wireless network when wakeup after Sleep & Hibernate

try this:

Here is a technique that works for many. Please open Applications > Accessories > Terminal and do:

Code:

sudo lshw -C network

You will learn details about your wired and wireless card. For example, here is my wireless detail. You need the exact name of your wireless driver.

Quote:

*-network
description: Wireless interface
product: PRO/Wireless 3945ABG [Golan] Network Connection
vendor: Intel Corporation
--- snip ---
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwl3945 ip=192.168.1.108

Next do:

Code:

sudo gedit /etc/pm/config.d/config

The text editor gedit will open. Type in:

Code:

SUSPEND_MODULES="iwl3945"

Substitute the driver name you found. Proofread carefully, save and close gedit.

Suspend and report your success.


easyMP3Gain: Error: Cannot start aacgain

The solution is to install the "aacgain - 1.9-1~trusty+1" package from Stefano's personal repository!

Note: You may get another error saying "Unknown Media Type: ...", which means that your file needs to be in a meta data supporting container format (m4a, mp4 etc.)

I since moved on to Xubuntu 14.10 Utopic Unicorn, but as of yet there's no ready-made package available for it. You can simply download the one for Trusty and change the second line in ./DEBIAN/control from Version: 1.9-1~trusty+1 to Version: 1.9-1~utopic+1. If you had to extract the deb archive you can put it back together like this:

fakeroot dpkg-deb --build aacgain_1.9-1~utopic+1_i386/ aacgain_1.9-1~utopic+1_i386.deb


Identifying backup devices with deja-dup/duplicity

This is a two step process. First, you need identify the the Dell LTO scsi tape drive as recognized by the computer. Second, you need to mount the device as a folder/directory.
First Step: Find the device
To list all the scsi devices, you need a tool called lssci. You may need to install this first. Open a command line by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter:
sudo apt-get install lsscsi

Enter your password when prompted. The cursor won't move while you enter your password. That is normal. Once lsscsi is installed, enter the command:
lsscsi -l

This will list your SCSI devices like the DELL LTO. It will look something like /dev/st0. /dev is a special virtual folder for devices in Linux. The devices listed there needs to be mounted on a regular folder before they can be used by any program like Deja Dup.
Second Step: Mount the device
Ubuntu mounts devices that are not always connected under the folder /media/. First, see if the device is already mounted there or not. It will be something like /media/Dell_LTO. If this is so, we are almost done. If not, you need to first create the Dell_LTO folder under /media/ by the following command:
sudo  mkdir /media/DELL_LTO

You will need to do this once only. Once the actual folder is created, you will have to tell the computer to use that folder as the mount point for the Dell LTO devise.
sudo mount /dev/st0 /media/DELL_LTO

Here I have used DELL_LTO as an example. You can call this folder whatever you want. Remember Linux is case sensitive. So a folder call DELL_LTO is very different from a another folder called dell_lto, or dEll_lTo.
Hope this helps


Two different Ubuntu versions dual-boot problem

I have found a satisfactory solution for the problem!
Credits go to "Super Grub2 Disk" open-source software!!

It is a bootable USB (or any device) disk which has an option in particular:
"Detect any GRUB legacy menu configuration file (menu.lst)"

It took me a little while to figure out how to tune in my system and adjust SGD's settings in order to finally successfully boot the Ubuntu 6.10 Edgy !

Later, I have figured out which exactly minimum parameters are required for grub2 to make the successful boot (see the original in my question above):

    set root='(hd0,msdos2)'
    legacy_kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.17-12-generic /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.17-12-generic root=/dev/hda2
    legacy_initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.17-12-generic

Note, '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.17-12-generic' is written twice intentionally, I have checked, having it written only once, it would finish booting process before loading the image (after having loading the kernel).

I have then tried to use the firstly used tool "Boot Repair" and it's "Grub Legacy" Grub option, but it did not made the system multi-boot aware.

I have also tried using "Super Grub2 Disk" to somehow automate the menu repair process, and, again, could not made it being multi-boot aware.

The only ultimate solution I see so far is either manually editing /boot/grub/grub.cfg each time grub is updated, or edit "os-probe" script, so that when it would detect "/dev/hda*" partition, it would automatically use "legacy_" commands.

As the result, I've been able to install the proprietary driver and notice the significant performance increase!
For example, TuxRacer became having no lags even on highest resolutions (on highest - only slight overall speed decrease), while when was using Ubuntu 12.04 with it's native drivers, there were lags even on lowest resolutions when you are on a very open space.
Another 3d-game I have tried is java browser based SpiralKnights. It became working almost totally stable with no lags on glitches, while on 12.04 there were glitches, lags all the way long.
Not even mentioned in details, that I've been able to run the latest FireFox (with even no installation/compilation needed, just download & run), flash 10 version and latest java which made it a totally modern Internet system and already proven that the efforts were worth of trying.
I would be further trying to install and use Blender and try to render some great animations.

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