To install the latest version of php-mongodb:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
sudo apt update
sudo apt install php-mongodb

You will not get the latest version by just using the method you outline above.  The standard php-mongodb pacakge for Ubuntu 18.04 can be seen by running:

apt search php-mongodb, which outputs:

  php-mongodb/bionic 1.3.4-1build1 amd64

  MongoDB driver for PHP

Therefore the standard package bundled with Ubuntu is 1.3.4.  To get a later version you will have to use an unsupported package from this untrusted Personal Package Archive (PPA), as per the instructions above.


It can be your display driver problem. maybe after updating your system the newest driver is not matched with our vga. Try uninstall your display driver and reinstall it.


From the man page:

   locate  reads  one or more databases prepared by updatedb(8) and writes
   file names matching at least one of the PATTERNs  to  standard  output,
   one per line.

Run updatedb as root and try again. It should work.

Alternatively you can use find or find | grep, which does not uses a db (and thus is considerably slower).


How to boot or "enter" into Ubuntu 11.04 on PS3 after installing it?

What is the error you get when you run startx? Maybe you don't have the desktop user interface installed. Try:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop


Will Ubuntu GNOME 16.04 upgrade to the standard Ubuntu 18.04?

Yes, by default it will. Please see the release notes. There you can also see that it's easy to keep using a desktop closer to vanilla GNOME, if you like, by installing gnome-session and vanilla-gnome-desktop, then choose GNOME on the login screen.


you need java API for communication see this


Because you reinstalled gnome, you might have to reinstall anything that isn't packed with gnome. Follow these steps,

Download a cursor theme.
Open Gnome Tweak Tool and change the cursor theme.
Open a Terminal.
Run this command:

  sudo update-alternatives --config x-cursor-theme

Select the number corresponding to your choice
Log out.
Log back in.


No sound on ASUS 1225C notebook with pre-installed 12.04 LTS

Same problem here. Following the advice given in lindis comment doesn't help at all: alsa-hda-dkms isn't present.

Here how I get it to work: I removed dkms ( apt-get remove dkms ).Then I've rebooted (graphics are disabled, it's text only mode); I've reinstalled dkms ( apt-get update ;apt-get install dkms) then started X (startx); from there I reinstalled the proprietary driver using the driver utility (I don't know how to run it from the command line though I suppose there's some CLI utility to achieve the same result).

After another reboot both sound and graphics work properly.


Fan runs full speed forever after waking from suspend

I have the same problem, and after doing some research, looks like this was a kernel regression triggered by latest X1C firmware. There is a long discussion here: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191181
And a bug report here for the X1C 5th Gen specifically: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196129

Some people are reporting those patches are working for them. But it doesn't seem a foolproof fix has made it into mainline kernel yet.

EDIT: I have been running kernel 4.12.10 for a few days now and this issue has not resurfaced. I followed these instructions to install it: https://www.tecmint.com/upgrade-kernel-in-ubuntu/. Hope this works for you as well!


If you don't want to run the autostart file for ssh-agent, just add:

Hidden = true

to it's .desktop file in either /etc/xdg/autostart or in ~/.config/autostart

If you aren't the only user of the system, you might want to copy the .desktop file to ~/.config/autostart and set the Hidden entry in there. It should override the system wide setting for your user account, if the standard is respected.

The Gnome documentation also explains how to use ssh-add with the gnome-keyring, just note that the section about gnome-session-properties is outdated, as that utility is deprecated and removed from recent versions.

I would also consult the man page for ssh-add to understand what exactly it does.

Btw, I did a little research into the gnome extensions to the desktop entry standard.


Find out what package installed the config file:

$ dpkg -S unity-greeter.conf
unity-greeter: /etc/lightdm/unity-greeter.conf

As you can see, the name of the package is unity-greeter.

If you deleted a directory, like /etc/pam.d, you can list every package that added to it by using the directory path:

$ dpkg -S /etc/pam.d
 login, sudo, libpam-runtime, cups-daemon, openssh-server, cron, policykit-1, at, samba-common, ppp, accountsservice, dovecot-core, passwd: /etc/pam.d

Run the following command, replacing <package-name> with the name of the package:

sudo apt install --reinstall -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confask,confnew,confmiss" <package-name>

And for restoring the directory:

sudo apt install --reinstall -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confask,confnew,confmiss" $(dpkg -S /etc/some/directory | sed 's/,//g; s/:.*//')

If everything worked as expected, you should get a message:

Configuration file `/etc/lightdm/unity-greeter.conf', does not exist on system.
Installing new config file as you requested.

A Practical example when needing to reinstall all of the PulseAudio configuration files:

apt-cache pkgnames pulse |xargs -n 1 apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confmiss" install --reinstall


Ubuntu has disappeared from my dual boot system

It looks like you may have mistakenly chosen "try Ubuntu" as you say "dual boot (I presume...)"...... If this is not a problem and you are sure that you had Ubuntu installed then one trick I learned when new to ubuntu - was to use the same account name and password when re-installing that helps get your files back and avoiding permissions if its not not a major error.
Also when you say "a number of other screens appear with a lot of fine text in computerese" - do you see words like GRUB or can you see any file names or folders or programs ?. You get more help as well if you can actually post the actual error messages that are being displayed.


Can't access Ubuntu drive after installing new primary windows 10 SSD

by installing fresh Windows, you have removed bootloader options on the first SSD (where your last windows where) and by the way, if your grub was installed on the second SSD, you actually haven't lost your grub bootloader even! so try these solutions and let me know if that works:

solution 1

try booting your system from the second SSD which your Ubuntu is installed on, if you ask how, you can do that by changing your boot options in BIOS setup ( could be accessed by pressing one of F1 to F12 or DEL key during turning on your laptop ) or if you have an ASUS laptop, pressing ESC key will bring up a menu to select boot option.

if that worked, congratulation! then you will be booted with grub and your Ubuntu, after that search for how to fix ubuntu grub ( like this one ) and also it's possible to fix grub from within booted Ubuntu too.

solution 2

Windows has its own bootloader, Ubuntu uses grub, and there are lot's of other bootloaders too! super-grub2-disk is one of them. you can download and make a bootable thumb drive, then boot your system with it and see if it recognize your Ubuntu installation.

if that worked, congratulation! do the same things explained for fixing grub.


I hope this will solve your problem.
I had a freshly installed latest Android Studio and perform all basic steps to run a 'Hello World' project in emulator but had a same problem while running emulator from avd manager.
After that i tried running emulator from command line also but faced same problem.
After long debugging i came to find out that it was missing some core library, and then solved the problem by selecting checkbox and install emulator from Android Studio Options. Tools -> Android -> SDK Manager -> SDK Tools -> Android Emulator

And click Apply and Run project again.
Note :- If already Checked try to reinstall it.
Now its working like a charm.


Found a fix here:

  In my testing, using the Avahi preferred solution of changing the mDNS domain to something else, I did indeed regain the ability to resolve .local hosts from my VPN, but I effectively lost use of all mDNS devices because (I presume) they weren't also changed to advertise in that same replacement local zone. With no idea how (or the interest, frankly) to try to reconfigure all of my other devices, so I decided to try option 2 and adjust the search order in /etc/nsswitch.conf. To do this:

  Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf and change the following line:

  hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4

  To:

  hosts: files dns mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] mdns4

  And save your changes. Now, test ping one of your .local host names to verify the change has taken effect as expected.


GnuPG 2.2.4 file decryption issue with symmetric key

However if I specify the action it fails after entering the passphrase: gpg -c test.ods.gpg or gpg -d test.ods.gpg (the output is a long series of junk characters)

It doesn't fail. It simply outputs the encrypted or unencrypted content. You probably don't want a binary file shown on screen; you want to redirect it to a file.

Run gpg -d test.ods.gpg > test.ods. Note that this will overwrite whatever is present in test.ods without asking, or create the file if it doesn't exist.


Thank you showing interest in contributing to the community. You should probably check out http://translations.ubuntu.com/ (Although I seem to be having some problems in navigating the website, perhaps it's a local issue). You'll get all the info you need there and you'll be up and translating in no time. Cheers!


Gnome Shell extensions: Attempt to postMessage on disconnected port

Ubuntu 16.04

Well, I found the answer, I didn't have chrome-gnome-shell installed.

I checked my Firefox extensions (type about:addons in the firefox url bar). The GNOME Shell integration was listed there.
Click on More to read instructions:

  This extension provides integration with GNOME Shell and the corresponding extensions repository https://extensions.gnome.org  You MUST install native connector for this extension to work.
  [...] For Ubuntu Linux package is available in ne0sight/chrome-gnome-shell PPA. To install it type:
  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ne0sight/chrome-gnome-shell
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shell

And this is what I did:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ne0sight/chrome-gnome-shell

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shell

Now there is a on/off slider at the top right on the page of each extension.

Ubuntu 16.10 (additional information from TrailRider)

chrome-gnome-shell is in the 16.10 repos (not sure about 16.04) so you can install it with the software center or via apt-get BUT it WILL NOT work and you will get the same error. Installing the ppa and then running apt-get upgrade will update chrome-gnome-shell to a more current version and it will work. I had some confusion after I installed and it would still give me the error so I added this info in a comment [update: I included it in the answer for more visibility]


Cannot Enable Livepatch on 18.04: "cannot send request ... write operation not permitted."

Running ping ::1 as suggested by Elijah Kagen confirmed that the IPv6 address for localhost was being blocked. Based on the discussion at the page linked by him I concluded that my VPN was preventing livepatch from reaching the net. I disconnected the VPN and was able to enable livepatch normally.


when you don't want to restore lost datas, and simply only want that
hard-disk works again ... you could (later) try this command for
to make hard-disk new like fresh from factory - best over night
(2 Tibi last a long time with dd like this) :

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/harddisk

harddisk stands for sda, sdb, or sdc whatever

When harddisk is external I would set it up on the side of it (upright).
Then let run the dd-command over night.

when dd-command like above is breaking off too early (before last cylinder),
then harddisk is broken and you could swap it (with warranty of manufactory for 2 years) against a new one at the manufactorer (not at trader).


Not able to use Radeon HD6950 for computations on GPU (OpenCl)

DO NOT use Software Centre for installing drivers EVER! I tried it and it messed up my computer a number of times until I ultimately quit using it accept for small programs. First make sure in the drivers tab as you said, you are using the X.org driver. Download the latest driver from amd.com and launch the installer. Launch it through terminal if you plan to install it directly on the distribution rather than on X.org. It will take about 4 minutes to install, and you know it finished when the terminal command is done. Then reboot your computer. After reboot, go on this link to download OpenCL from the AMD website, and install it using the terminal. Then you should be good.
http://developer.amd.com/tools-and-sdks/opencl-zone/amd-accelerated-parallel-processing-app-sdk/


If you have problems with the key (see dmesg or syslog), e.g.

Could not find key with description: [XXX]
process_request_key_err: No key
Could not find valid key in user session keyring for sig specified in mount option: [XXX]

then, try adding the passphrase manually: Option "1" in menu of /usr/bin/ecryptfs-manager

It helped me.


With Assistive Technologies we are able to initiate a mouse click when mouse pointer movements stop. To disable this go to System Settings and open Control Center -> Assistive Technologies:

From there choose Mouse Accessibility:

Untick the option "Initiate click when stopping mouse pointer movement".


The manual of wg does not mention that the set command could understand the Address directive, nor does its configuration format specification:

       The Interface section may contain the following fields:

       ·      PrivateKey — [...] Required.

       ·      ListenPort — [...] Optional; if not specified, chosen randomly.

       ·      FwMark — [...] Optional.

       The Peer sections may contain the following fields:

       ·      PublicKey  —  [...] Required.

       ·      PresharedKey — [...]

       ·      AllowedIPs — [...] May be specified multiple times.

       ·      Endpoint  — [...]  Optional.

       ·      PersistentKeepalive  — [...] Optional.

Instead, to setup your interface with a configuration file containing Address, you should use some helper called wg-qucik:

$ sudo wg-quick up /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf

This command will create the interface wg0 itself so you might want to clean the one you created already with the ip commands.


The short answer is: No, you can't.

git repos and Ubuntu repos are quite different.

git repos in most cases contain software sources that need compilation.

Ubuntu repos contain deb binaries that can be directly installed to Ubuntu.

There are some exceptions. git can contain binary files and some deb packages can contain sources that are compiled by Ubuntu, e.g. DMKS ones.

But still they are very different and there is no general way to "install a git repo as an Ubuntu repo".

Generally speaking, you'll need to do git pull on a git repo to update the sources and then compile the program each time you want to update unless you create a script that will do it for you automatically.


Why can a new user not write to external Hard Drive?

This sounds like a groups problem. Certain groups are allowed to do certain things. If your not in the club you don't get to play. Try running the groups command with both users:

 groups [USERNAME]...

If your wife is not a member of the necessary group then just run:

gpasswd -a [user] [group]


How should I control the brightness on my Ubuntu 14.04 system?

I think this app will work for you :) https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/trusty/brightness-controller/


what kind of support or performance can i expect from ubuntu on a chromebook?

Here is the minimum system requirements for a ubuntu mahcine:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements

Here is a guide to install Ubuntu 11.04 onto a ChromeBook:

http://chromeos-cr48.blogspot.com/2011/04/ubuntu-1104-for-cr-48-is-ready.html


Instaling Ubuntu on my Dell Inspirion 14 5447

Great to have you onboard John.
I'll try to answer in your given order:

1.
It can indeed sometimes be favorable to try and run some older Linux distribution on old hardware, because those tend to be based on older kernels, which is the layer that communicates between hard- and software in your computer. However, when trying to find your laptop online, I can only find fairly new ones. (e.g. here) Therefore it is hard to tell without really knowing your hardware.

One thing to keep in mind with older Ubuntu versions is the support with security updates. 12.04 will only be supported for about one more year, you can learn more about these support schedules on by checking online for "Ubuntu Wiki LTS". There you can also see that 14.04 will be supported until 2019, which would give you peace for a lot longer.

I would therefore advise you to download the 14.04 LTS version of Ubuntu here and simply boot that version up on your laptop and instead of installing it right away there will be an option to live test the system. If that works out well and your hardware functions as it should then you can confidently install 14.04 on your laptop.

2.
The drivers will come with your Linux Distribution (in this case Ubuntu) in form of the kernel. No need to search for any drivers on the web.

3.
The desktop image of Ubuntu is correct for use on a laptop. "Desktop" rather means that it is not the server version, which comes without a graphical user interface. If Dell recommends the 64bit image for your Laptop then that should be correct, and it's not like you can destroy anything.

4.
The guide you link there seems to incorporate all the things you need to know.


Issues while installing CUDA 10.1 and nvidia-driver in Ubuntu 18.04

Installing CUDA from runfile is much simpler and smoother than installing the NVIDIA driver. It just involves copying files to system directories and has nothing to do with the system kernel or online compilation. Removing CUDA is simply removing the installation directory. So I personally does not recommend adding NVIDIA's repositories and install CUDA via apt-get or other package managers as it will not reduce the complexity of installation or uninstallation but increase the risk of messing up the configurations for repositories.

The CUDA runfile installer can be downloaded from NVIDIA's websie. But what you download is a package the following three components:

an NVIDIA driver installer, but usually of stable version;
the actual CUDA installer;
the CUDA samples installer;

To extract above three components, one can execute the runfile installer with --extract option. Then, executing the second one will finish the CUDA installation. Installation of the samples are also recommended because useful tool such as deviceQuery and p2pBandwidthLatencyTest are provided.

Scripts for installing CUDA Toolkit are summarized below.

cd ~
wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/7.5/Prod/local_installers/cuda_7.5.18_linux.run
chmod +x cuda_7.5.18_linux.run
./cuda_7.5.18_linux.run --extract=$HOME
sudo ./cuda-linux64-rel-7.5.18-19867135.run

After the installation finishes, configure runtime library.

sudo bash -c "echo /usr/local/cuda/lib64/ > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/cuda.conf"
sudo ldconfig

It is also recommended for Ubuntu users to append string /usr/local/cuda/bin to system file /etc/environments so that nvcc will be included in $PATH. This will take effect after reboot.

Source here


The tread can be closed.
I found an answer.
You just need to update the grub according to your video card.
First step:
There is a two option:

First is Sea Island (Southern Islands) (Radeon HD 7000 and 8000 series)
And the second is Caribbean Islands (Radeon Rx 300 series)

For more details visit
Sea Islands (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon#Southern_Islands)
Caribbean Islands (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon#Caribbean_Islands)
Second step:
You sould open terminal and type next command:
sudo nano /etc/default/grub
Then edit GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT according to the first step.
For the Sea Island the value of GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT should be radeon.si_support=0 amdgpu.si_support=1
And for the Caribbean Islands it sould be radeon.cik_support=0 amdgpu.cik_support=1
So the final string should looks like:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="radeon.si_support=0 amdgpu.si_support=1"
When you finish editing press ctrl+x and type "y" to accept the editing.
Third step
Use command update-grub or update-grub2 and reboot using reboot command
THAT'S ALL.
It didn't worked for me because I had unwanted arguments (don't remember which one, but it started like amd.*)
Wish you luck!


Open source antivirus for Ubuntu better than ClamAV

There is nothing wrong or bad about clamAV, it is the best open source anti virus and should meet all you needs on Ubuntu, you can get a GUI for it too

sudo apt-get install clamtk

Are there any other open source anti virus?

Short answer:

  No.

Long anwser:

ClamAV is the only open-source Antivirus engine, all other products, either depend on the presence of ClamAV or are closed-source, even the Openantivirus, mostly depends on clam AV (or another AV), some features work stand -alone.


How can I show or hide boot messages when Ubuntu starts?

You would need to edit the file /etc/default/grub.  In this file you'll find an entry called GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT.  This entry must be edited to control the display of the splash screen.

The presence of the word splash in this entry enables the splash screen, with condensed text output.  Adding quiet as well, results in just the splash screen; which is the default for the desktop edition since 10.04 (Lucid Lynx).  In order to enable the "normal" text start up, you would remove both of these.

So, the default for the desktop, (i.e. splash screen only):

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" #Hide text and show splash

For the traditional, text display:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=        #Show text but not the splash

For the splash, but the ability to show the boot messages by pressing Esc:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="splash"

Or, finally, for just a (usually) black screen, try:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=quiet   #Don't show Ubuntu bootup text
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="console=tty12" #Don't show kernel text

After editing the file, you need to run update-grub.

sudo update-grub

For more details, see this: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2


How to modify settings in 'apt.conf' file that no longer exists in 12.04?

It is best to create your own user file in /etc/apt/apt.conf.d so you can guarantee that it won't be overwritten by package updates. Rather than adding to existing files in the directory, create your own general file called 99mysettings  with

sudo touch /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99mysettings

It is labelled with a 99 so that your settings are run last and so override any of the same values for the specified settings present in other files in the directory.

Then to edit your file run

sudo nano /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99mysettings

and then, for example, you could add the following (although not usually recommended) configuration item:

APT::Install-Suggests "true";

If you wanted apt to stop installing recommended packages (again not usually the best decision) you could use

APT::Install-Recommends "false";

The syntax of these commands differs to how the man page will describe how entries for the older apt.conf should be set up; previously APT::GET::Install-Suggests "true"; would have been the syntax, but that will not work for the example above.

The man page will give you an indication of the general settings available, so please enter man apt.conf or see the Ubuntu manpages online. However, the best source for apt configuration settings is the Debian Handbook, available here online or as a complete pdf here, and it contains very useful information that is mostly applicable for Ubuntu as well.


Slower boot after installation with encrypted home directory

It behaves fine under normal circumstances it will bring your machine to its knees when doing any kind of intense file operations.

While encryption for sure will add overhead, encrypting the home partition should not have a big impact on your system's performance.

Most of the programs you run are read brom /bin or /usr, and most of the regular system writing is in /var or /tmp.

You can refer this thread for more info What is the performance overhead of encrypted /home?


How do I get the wacom zoom wheel working?

What you're going to want to be looking into is a command called xsetwacom

I think this is included in default repositories in Ubuntu lucid/maverick.

AbsWUp and AbsWDn correspond to "up" and "down" scrolling on the touch-ring.

Your command is going to be something like:

xsetwacom set "Wacom Bamboo pad" AbsWUp "key +"
(setting scroll-up to "+" key to zoom in.)

However, they've changed around the way commands are set a little bit in the newest release of xsetwacom. I'm not sure precisely how to phrase this command to get it to work in Ubuntu 10.04 +.

You can get help for this at the linuxwacom project mailing list:
lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/linuxwacom-discuss


Ubuntu what free tools packages available for making professional software mockups?

Pencil is built for the purpose of providing a free and open-source GUI prototyping tool that people can easily install and use to create mockups in popular desktop platforms.

Source:Pencil


Unity 3D not longer working after upgrade on a Quadro NVS 140M/

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/860707

Looks like if you got here by installing xorg-edgers, then (from the bug):

sudo ppa-purge xorg-edgers

You may need to reboot after this, but at least restart X:

sudo service lightdm restart


How to install zpanel 10.1.1 for Ubuntu server 12.04 LTS

You can just open a terminal and copy and paste the command:

bash <(curl -Ss https://raw.github.com/zpanel/installers/master/install/Ubuntu-12_04/10_1_1.sh)

and this will run quietly till end.

Else if you want to do it yourself:

first download the script

wget https://raw.github.com/zpanel/installers/master/install/Ubuntu-12_04/10_1_1.sh

Then make the script executable

chmod +x 10_1_1.sh

Then run the script

sudo ./10_1_1.sh

I advise you just to use the first command and all things will be done automatically.


NetworkManager can't update settings if Netplan config exists

One approach:
Change the Netplan config to the normal (desktop-style) stub that let's Network Manager run the network connection. Don't add any interface or networking information.
network:
    version: 2
    renderer: NetworkManager

Use a Network Manager keyfile to add your inital networking config to Network Manager. Here's an example (taken directly from that linked site):
[connection]
id=Main eth0
uuid=27afa607-ee36-43f0-b8c3-9d245cdc4bb3
type=802-3-ethernet
autoconnect=true

[ipv4]
method=auto

[802-3-ethernet]
mac-address=00:23:5a:47:1f:71


Installing tarball package of the latest version of Firefox for Ubuntu 12.04

To make it simple(since you don't have an internet connection on ubuntu computer), I have converted the firefox installation to .deb, which is very easy to install(just double-click it, the ubuntu software centar will open, wait a little, and it will show the install button). For this, you don't need an internet connection. You can download .deb file from my personal cloud from here. I hope this will help.


14.04 xrdp gnome-session (of any sort) does not work

This is a known issue with xrdp and Ubuntu.  If you want to use xrdp with Ubuntu 12.10 and later, you will need to install an alternative desktop environment.  the ubuntu-2d does not exists anymore and the gnome-fallback has also some issues.

The best option so far is to install an alternative shell.  You can install mate-desktop interface (which look like the gnome 2 interface)

so to summarize:

Step 1 - install xrdp

sudo apt-get install xrdp

Step 2 - Install mate-desktop

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mate-core mate-desktop-environment mate-notification-daemon

Step 3 - the .xsession file should contain mate-session

Full instructions for Ubuntu 15.10 can be found here.


You've downloaded iscan-bundle-2.30.4.x64.deb.tar.gz file.
It is an archive that contains iscan-bundle-2.30.4.x64.deb directory.
Extract that directory to your Home folder.
Then run in a terminal
cd iscan-bundle-2.30.4.x64.deb
sudo ./install.sh


The apt source code has no mention of SOCKS whatsoever:

/tmp/apt-1.0.9.1ubuntu1$ grep -ir socks .
/tmp/apt-1.0.9.1ubuntu1$

It's also possible to have extension plugins for apt, such as apt-transport-https. These add files to /usr/lib/apt/methods/. So I used apt-file find to look for any other packages that provide files into this directory. This also did not reveal anything SOCKS related.

It's impossible to prove a negative, but I'd say that it's safe to say that apt itself has no SOCKS support right now. It looks like tsocks is the only real way forward.

I'm confused as to how others have concluded that Acquire::socks exists, but I can find no evidence of it. If I've missed something then I guess this answer is completely wrong (and I'll delete it).


How to reinstall grub from a liveUSB if the / partition is encrypted and there is a separate /boot partition?

Boot from an Ubuntu Live USB with a working internet connection.

Open a Terminal window (Applications → Accessories → Terminal).

Type the following commands (pay attention to the comments, starting with #, after some commands):
sudo -i
apt-get update
apt-get install cryptsetup lvm2
fdisk -l
cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda? TAG           # sda? is your root partition
vgchange -ay
vgscan
vgchange -ay [VOLUME GROUP NAME]           # From the above command
lvscan
mount /dev/[VOLUME GROUP NAME]/[LOGICAL VOLUME NAME] /mnt          # LOGICAL VOLUME NAME from above command
modprobe efivars
mount /dev/sda? /mnt/boot/efi          # sda? is your efi partition
mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/
chroot /mnt

then do
apt-get install --reinstall grub-efi-amd64

or
apt-get install --reinstall grub-efi

and continue with
update-grub
umount /mnt
vgchange -an
cryptsetup luksClose TAG


Skip configure for one package during apt install

Did you try purging the package via apt before trying to install something else?

sudo apt purge package


how to configure network Authentication?

There is some Ubuntu Community Documentation on the topics you mentioned:

OpenLDAP
ACL or Access Control Lists
Kerberos

Hopefully these will help.


How do I get drivers for the web cam on my Toshiba Satellite C855?

Typically the linux kernel will have drivers for most of the hardware with the odd few unsupported due to being too new in which case an updated kernel may fix that, or too few meaning it's not enough people have that particular webcam hence no driver...


how to stop xubuntu from opening programs when powered on

You need to disable the xubuntu option to save the session state. There are two possible places for this setting:

At the bottom of the logout dialogue box there is a checkbox about saving the session state.
At Applications-> Settings -> Xfce 4 Settings Manager -> Session and Startup

Also try removing all files in ~/.cache/sessions/

If this still fails, try modifying the kioskrc to add option "[xfce4-session] SaveSession=NONE" see: How can I turn off Xfce session saving system-wide?

However, if your actual problem is how to shutdown Apache, then also see this official page on how to stop Apache


Could you let port 53 to go out anywhere?
Shell command:

sudo ufw allow out 53


I cannot enable Bluetooth on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Your computer does not have a Bluetooth adapter. That is why you can't use Bluetooth devices.


Does apt-get upgrade checksum deb files?

Yes: it downloads signed checksums from the same repository as the package, verifies that the signature matches an accepted key, and finally verifies the checksum of the .deb file.

The GUI calls apt in the background and in effect does the same.


Activate dash after minimal GUI installation on Ubuntu Server

Try apt-get install gnome-terminal

That should do the trick.

Update:

It might be related to the icon cache. Take a look at that answer.
My guess it that the highcolor-icon-theme package is missing or messed up.


Ubuntu boot menu showing up instead of Windows

You can use Boot-Repair tool to set default OS in GRUB. Under advanced menu you can set OS to boot by default and for how long GRUB will be shown.

Of course,be careful when using this tool.

This probably happens because your partitions aren't mounted at startup, or at least not by same order.


Blank screen after bootloader either live or install

Try Alternate CD. It usually works. Installer uses better hardware detection than LiveCD, so after the textmode (Alt. CD) installation, the system usually works well.

If it does not, you can boot in safe mode and edit the configuration files manually (it'll be another question). Or there can be a workaround (for example, GPD Win + Lubuntu 18.04 requires a single closing/opening the lid after each reboot; the screen is black before you do it).

There are also some parameters you can tweak on the first LiveCD screen (sorry, I don't remember how to access them on UEFI boot). Maybe some of them can help with initial display mode.


First upgrade pip with the command sudo pip install --upgrade pip.

If the upgrade is successful (a message will show), then install the send2trash package, again with the sudo command, as so sudo pip install send2trash. That should get the job done.


if i'm not mistaking this error is thrown if your virtual machine tries to run a program with different minor and major versions. Your number is 51.0 which means that your program is supported by J2SE and you try to run it with a newer version.
To fix your problem you should make sure that you got the newest version of the Java JRE


How to update and add new packages in chroot?

Try this:

CHROOT_DRIVE=/dev/sda2 # or /dev/mmcblk1p2
CHROOT_PATH=/mnt/recovery # or /tmp/recovery # to have it auto cleanup on reboot
mkdir -p "${CHROOT_PATH}"
mount "${CHROOT_DRIVE}" "${CHROOT_PATH}"
mount -t sysfs none "${CHROOT_PATH}/sys"
mount -t proc none "${CHROOT_PATH}/proc"
mount --bind /dev/ "${CHROOT_PATH}/dev"
mount --bind /dev/pts "${CHROOT_PATH}/dev/pts"
mount -o bind /etc/resolv.conf "${CHROOT_PATH}/etc/resolv.conf"
chroot "${CHROOT_PATH}"

When you are done:
exit
umount -R "${CHROOT_PATH}"


Which command can be used to configure a router to reject the address for example 192.168.100.0/24 network using the route command?

this would be just the right answer:

route add -net 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 reject


How do I encrypt an external (USB) hard drive in 14.04?

You can easily install the Disk Utility in 14.04:

sudo apt-get install gnome-disk-utility

If this doesn't work, please post the exact error messages that you get.

To then open Disk Utility check this question:

How do I open Disk Utility in Xfce?

It allows to very easily create encrypted partitions:

How to encrypt external devices?


It's embarrassing but I finally figured out what has happened:
The notification was caused by an automatic security update which was released in the last days: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/coreutils/8.21-1ubuntu5.1

It was mentioned in /var/log/dpkg.log but I did look for an incorrect date.

Shame on me and thanks to muru for pointing this out.


Replace Android/Remix OS (Remix Mini PC) with Ubuntu via USB Boot

Seems you cannot install Ubuntu Desktop because the processor is based on ARM architecture and Ubuntu Desktop is meant for x86 processors.

You should probably try to install the Ubuntu ARM version meant for Raspberry Pi. Please refer this wiki for the process.

Basically, it seems to give you the server edition and then you can install packages that give you the Desktop Environment. See the extract below from the wiki.

This is a small ubuntu-server image. If you want a full desktop, go ahead and do so:

$ sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop  # or
$ sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop  # or
$ sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop  # etc

Ubuntu (Unity) and Ubuntu-GNOME just display a blank screen, presumably because they require 3D compositing. Kubuntu works but is slow unless you turn off desktop effects under System Settings. Xubuntu and Lubuntu work fine out of the box.


Partial answer...

You've probably shown us incorrect information for cat /etc/profile, or maybe added line(s) of text at the end of /etc/profile that are invalid. Remove these lines if you remember what you added.

Edit your question with the output of cat ~/.profile and cat ~/.bashrc and cat /etc/profile and ls -alt /etc/profile.d, and I'll take a look for you.


What is the apt-get equivalent of this command?

apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,') <package name>

For the record, this just installs the linux headers (likely, linux-headers-generic) and any additional packages you specify.


Ubuntu 18.04 PXE-booting with Realtek r8152-based NIC, no interface found

Looks like I've figured this out - the necessary r8152 module is not included in the default linux-modules-4.15.0-29-generic package, but instead in the linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-29-generic package.

Once I installed that, I had to perform the steps in the linked forum thread again - copy all the files into the kernel/drivers folder, run depmod and then zip up the initrd. Once I copied this to my PXE server, it worked - the link came up and the NFS mount went through. However, now it boots to Emergency Mode, but I've seen bug reports for this, so the PXE/NFS bit is working at least.

Now I should try to trim down this 200MB initrd image...


According to Google, that is PulseAudio. Try updating PulseAudio.

    sudo apt-get install libpulse-dev


Firefox opens Profile Directory with SMPlayer

$ grep inode/directory= ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list
inode/directory=dolphin.desktop;smplayer.desktop;kde4-dolphin.desktop;vlc.desktop;caja-2.desktop;kde4-kfmclient_dir.desktop;kde4-gwenview.desktop;easytag.desktop;nemo.desktop;audacious-qt.desktop;Thunar-folder-handler.desktop;qmmp_cue.desktop;audacious.desktop;kde4-k4dirstat.desktop;pcmanfm.desktop;qmmp_dir.desktop;qmmp_enqueue.desktop;
inode/directory=dolphin.desktop

$ grep inode/directory= /usr/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache
inode/directory=Thunar-folder-handler.desktop;kde4-kid3.desktop;kde4-gwenview.desktop;kde4-dolphin.desktop;kde4-kfmclient_dir.desktop;nautilus.desktop;caja-folder-handler.desktop;audacious-qt.desktop;nautilus-folder-handler.desktop;pcmanfm.desktop;audacious.desktop;baobab.desktop;nemo.desktop;

so what you should do is edit both of these files so that the lines starting with inode/directory say inode/directory=dolphin.desktop and nothing else.
EDIT: subfolders
According to the XDG Desktop Entry specification:

Desktop File ID
Each desktop entry representing an application is identified by its desktop file ID, which is based on its filename.
To determine the ID of a desktop file, make its full path relative to the $XDG_DATA_DIRS component in which the desktop file is installed, remove the "applications/" prefix, and turn '/' into '-'.
For example /usr/share/applications/foo/bar.desktop has the desktop file ID foo-bar.desktop.

so you didn't need to make a symlink from dolphin.desktop to kde4/dolphin.desktop, you could have just specified kde4-dolphin.desktop to xdg-mime etc.


Wine logo appearing for every Crossover Application in Unity

In this question you find a workaround
Change Icon of Wine Application in Unity Launcher

Take a look at the answer from MHC

You need to add the following line into your .desktop-file

  StartupWMClass=application.exe

(application.exe is the name of your EXE-file, it's case sensitive)


You can not. Or actually is more likely that you break your current theme if you try to. It was thinked for being used in GNOME 2 (as can be seen in the above screenshots). I would recommend you to check GTK 3.x themes instead. Also, you must use themes that has an instruction, in this case the theme was supposed to go in the ~/.theme directory.


Logout scripts: not completed on shutdown, reboot

In Ubuntu, scripts for different runlevels are executed according to their presence in the /etc/rc[0-6].d directories. Runlevel 0 corresponds to shutdown, and 6 to reboot.

Typically the script is stored in /etc/init.d, and then symlinks are placed in the directories corresponding to the runlevels you require.

So in your case, write your script, store it in /etc/init.d/, then create a symlink in each of /etc/rc0.d and /etc/rc6.d (if you want both) pointing to your script.

Create a symlink like: /etc/rc0.d/K01myscipt -> /etc/init.d/myscript

The scripts in each runlevel directory will be executed in ASCIIbetical order, so if the order within the runlevel matters to you, choose the name of your symlink accordingly.

Hope that solves it. Don't forget to
make it executable (sudo chmod +x myscript). Also,  I'm not sure, but maybe you'll have to cancel shutdown at the beginning of the script - shutdown -c now and issue it again at the end - shutdown -h now.

Now to know,  who issued the shutdown command :
1) Either, Well, you can do that with the help of wrapper script as follow:

a. mv /sbin/shutdown /sbin/shutdown-orig
b. vim /sbin/shutdown
     #!/bin/sh
     echo "$USER has initiated the shutdown process" >> /var/log/shutdown.owner
     /sbin/shutdown-orig "$@"
c. chmod 755 /sbin/shutdown

2) Or, a normal user only has access to the shutdown command via sudo and sudo commands are (typically) logged under /var/log/. So, you can check that. Hope it helps.
For further information, kindly refer to my thread here. Don't forget to stop by and say Thanks to them.

EDIT: Concluding, If nothing works, Try using sudo and walling off access to shutdown/reboot and then only you can check for logs and know who initiated the shutdown process. Detail's in content below. Thanks. Wonderful Question, Learnt a Lot.


If you are not root add sudo before.

wget http://bruteforcelab.com/wp-content/uploads/kippo-graph-1.5.1.tar.gz
mv kippo-graph-1.5.1.tar.gz /var/www/html
cd /var/www/html
tar -zxvf kippo-graph-1.5.1.tar.gz
mv kippo-graph-1.5.1 kippo-graph
cd kippo-graph
chmod 777 generated-graphs
cp config.php.dist config.php
nano config.php #enter the appropriate values

web browser http://localhost/kippo-graph


Why computer dosent shut down, reboot or log out when i start Libre Office Quick Starter

Because of https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libreoffice/+bug/562027 .

How do I subscribe to a bug?


/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgmp means that the linker tries to link lgmp but can't find it.

Solution: Install the library needed: sudo apt-get install libgmp3-dev

Related: https://github.com/flori/json/issues/253


Can I use systemd-network without netplan and ifupdown?

Yes, you can.
Just keep the default /etc/network/interfaces file, which just defines the loopback ("lo") interface, remove any netplan YAML config from /etc/netplan/*.yaml and define your own, manual systemd-networkd configuration in /etc/systemd/network/* as specified by the systemd documentation:
https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html


rEFInd bypassed on MacBook with Mac, Windows, Ubuntu

What's happened is that Ubuntu has installed GRUB as the primary boot manager on the computer, which is overriding the rEFInd boot. It's unclear from your description if you're able to boot all three OSes from GRUB. If not, or if you don't like GRUB, you can restore rEFInd to be the primary boot loader.

The less invasive but harder way to do this is to use efibootmgr in Ubuntu. Type sudo efibootmgr -v to see a list of boot options. Look for one that references rEFInd (it may be called "Mac OS X" or something similar, but should refer to the rEFInd binary filename). You can then use the -o option to efibootmgr to set it to the start of the boot order, as in sudo efibootmgr -o 0080,0001,0081 if the rEFInd option is Boot0080 and Boot0001 and Boot0081 are things you might want to boot if rEFInd fails to come up for some reason.

The easier but somewhat-overkill way to get rEFInd working again is to re-install it. You should be able to do this either from OS X or from Ubuntu. Once it's re-installed, you should be able to boot any of your OSes from rEFInd. In the case of Ubuntu (and perhaps OS X or Windows), you should be able to do so either directly or via GRUB.


Navicat Monitor Uninstall from Ubuntu 16.04

I had the same issue, and I ran sudo apt-get remove navicatmonitor to solve the problem.


How to establish wireless connection from command line?

I can connect with this command even from the true (not emulated) terminal:

nmcli con up id 'my.net.work'


Netgear N300 WNA3100 Install Ubuntu 13.04

I experienced a lot of problems also.  After I finally got it working it turns out the steps are:

1) Install Wine (to extract the drivers from the manufacturer's download).  If you already have the drivers folder from a different installation you don't need to install Wine.

2) Install the ndiswrapper modules (ndiswrapper-dkms ndisgtk ndiswrapper-common ndiswrapper-source ndiswrapper-utils-1.9).

3) Grab the drivers folder (ie. WNA3100).  Go to that folder. Run the commands (to load the driver):

$ sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
$ sudo ndiswrapper -i [driver]  # (moste likely named "bcmwlhigh5.ini"

Details and troubleshooting can be found at:
http://faq.apollo3.com/ljames/ubuntu/networksupport/

Those steps should work for most USB network adapters.


Wifi doesn't work on Lenovo B590 with Broadcom BCM4313

Please get a temporary wired ethernet connection and open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Reboot and you should be all set.


I have a brother MFC-J480DW that I can not get the scanner to hookup with any of the scanner programs

Try this:

Download the tool: http://download.brother.com/welcome/dlf006893/linux-brprinter-installer-2.0.0-1.gz

The tool will be downloaded into the default "Download" directory, e.g. /home/UserName/Download

Open a terminal window: Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Go to the directory you downloaded the file to in the last step:

cd /home/UserName/Download

Enter this command to extract the downloaded file:

gunzip linux-brprinter-installer-2.0.0-1.gz

Get superuser authorization with the sudo command:

exec sudo -i

Run the tool:

cd /home/UserName/Download
bash linux-brprinter-installer-2.0.0-1 MFC-J480DW

The driver installation will start. Follow the installation screen directions.

When you see the message "Will you specify the DeviceURI ?",

For USB Users: Choose N(No)
For Network Users: Choose Y(Yes) and DeviceURI.

The install process may take some time. Please wait until it is complete.


"Failed to setuid to root." How do I Establish a VPN network?

It's mostly a problem of your HOME-directory. It's encrypted, am I right? ;)
So it is mounted with a "nosetuid" option, that prevents any SUID Operations to work as you expect them.

Solution: copy your network-connect directory somewhere else on your HDD i.e. /opt/juniperconnect, edit the junipernc-script to point to the new directory (called _jpath in the script /usr/local/bin/junipernc ), and then it works for me. I'm still using nc version 7.1 with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.


Does the alternate installer (12.04) allow dual booting in Windows (resizing partition)?

Yes  ,you can Re-Partition thereby allowing your system to be able to dual boot.

The Alternate CD also allows more advanced installation options which are not available with the Standard LiveCD.

Pleas follow this Illustrated page for Alternate Cd installation..

Here's the partitioning option image from the above link

From above DO select the Manual option.


I had the a similar issue, when I tried to set Matlab up manually.

Eventually, I ran:
sudo apt-get install matlab-support
and followed installation instructions. This just adds Matlab to the Dashboard.
The resulting matlab.desktop file reads:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Exec=matlab -desktop
Name=MATLAB
Icon=/usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/matlab.png
Categories=Development;Math;Science
Comment=Scientific computing environment
StartupNotify=true
StartupWMClass=com-mathworks-util-PostVMInit

To open .m files in matlab by clicking on them I used the Ubuntu GUI to set it to open those files with the command:

matlab -desktop -r "open %U;"

This both opens the file in Matlab and sets the current working directory to where the file is located (at least with Matlab 2016b).

I hope this information helps.


Bad internet access after defining fix ethernet IP-address

For Ubuntu Desktop...
Your /etc/network/interfaces should be:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

Your /etc/netplan/01-cloud-init.yaml should be:
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager

sudo netplan generate
sudo netplan apply
reboot
Then use the NetworkManager GUI to set static addresses (if desired):
Note: The static address cannot be the address of your router (192.168.1.1).


how to set default gateway in dhcpd6.conf

tl;dr
DHCPv6 does not support options to set routers/gateways.
Details
IPv6 works in many ways differently from IPv4. It is not simply an enlarged address space.
IPv6 is designed to heavily utilize stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC). In turn, this relies on router- and dhcp advertisement.
With IPv6 each interface is potentially assigned two addresses.

A link-local address with prefix fe80::/64 is generated from the interfaces identifier (MAC address). Those addresses are never routed and thus valid only on the local LAN segment. In the absence of a router and/or DHCP server, they enable communication of machines on a LAN, very similiar to IPv4 autoconf addresses 169.254.0.0/16. But their primary use is autoconfiguration.

A global unicast address, which can be obtained in two ways (router or dhcp). Having configured a link-local address, the client sends out a Router Solicitation to the multicast address ff02::2 (all routers on the segment). In a SLAAC setting, any router on the network answers with a Router Advertisement (RA) containing available prefixes. In a home setting, there is usually one router advertising the prefix assigned by the ISP. A client receiving a RA, configures its global address using an available prefix and sets its gateway accordingly. All other options like DNS server, domain suffix, etc. should be configured via DHCPv6. This makes DHCP very simple, since it need not maintain a lease database, but simply hand out further options. Note however, that the default gateway is not one of them.

Because for some settings, address assignment by SLAAC is too loose, one may also hand out global addresses via DHCPv6. This is called stateful address configuration. In that case, the router does not advertise a prefix, but sends a "managed" flag, signaling the client to ask a DHCP server for an address. This approach is closer to how DHCPv4 works.
Still, the DHCPv6 server does not hand out routers! Gateways are still obtained from RAs.
There was a IETF draft "DHCPv6 Route Options" specifying exactly the options you are looking for, but is expired and never made to an RFC.
Concerning dedicated DHCP for DNS config:
A conventional IPv6 setting requires either DHCPv6 to hand out DNS information, or configuring DNS manually. The proposed RFC6106 presents an alternative, by specifying further RA options. Specifically:

DNS Search List (DNSSL) - the domain search list and
Recursive DNS server (RDNSS) - a list of DNS servers to query

The popular IPv6 Router Advertising daemon radvd already supports these options. If the clients are able to handle RDNSS (which is the case on e.g most Linux distros, OS X, Windows>=Vista), radvd can substitute for a DHCPv6 server. At least if the dhcp is used only to distribute DNS options. This could commonly be the case in a small scale home network, though may not be sufficient for business environments.


How do I analyze my bootchart in order to improve boot time?

First of all, a boot time of below 60s is nothing to worry about. You might speed it up with a SSD, a faster hard drive.

But the key in booting time is: Avoid it. Don't boot. Okay - without booting, how should you use the computer? Boot once, and then don't shut down.

If this is a problem because of noise, of energy consumption, energy price, environment: Measure the power consumption in stand by and use stand by instead of shut down.

You might as well investigate all the programs and try to find out if you really need them. Maybe you'll get one second here or there - most probably not, but maybe you invest 3600s into research which would only pay off, if you boot once per day and save one second each time over about 10 years.

But you could have a look into your logfiles (/var/log/*log) and see, if you have problems with a specific device. Such problems (frequent fsck, failing USB devices) may slow down the boot.


Screen upside down after upgrade to 18.04.01

You can use xrandr -o normal from the command prompt and it will fix it.


OpenNMS installation fails with error, Apt-Get broken

Test this:

Open a terminal.

Run it:

sudo -i
update-rc.d -f slpd remove
dpkg --configure -a
apt-get -f install


You can install this from the precise repo, 3.8 was the default kernel on 12.04.
You're on 14.04, thus your sources.lst points towards trusty:

Either download the packages from here and install then using dpkg -i <pkgname>
http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/linux-headers-3.8.0-44
http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/linux-headers-3.8.0-44-generic

or add the old repo to your sources.lst and install from there.

Searching on http://packages.ubuntu.com doesn't yield results for linux-source... though.


I assume you have the latest version of Ubuntu (Precise Pangolin) so here:

click on the Dash (the one with the Ubuntu logo) on the left
type 'Print' and select Printing
click 'Add'
then select Network Printer
enter the Print Server address to connect

I hope that helps


How do I change the resolution on an Asus 101mt?

Try the following and let me know how this works or you:

Create a rudimentary xorg.conf using the following commands:

  cd /etc/X11 Xorg –configure

  mv ~/xorg.conf.new xorg.conf

  vi xorg.conf

Use PAGE-DOWN to scroll the text until you see the line reading Section “Device”.
Using the DOWN arrow, move the cursor to the indented line that starts with the
word “Driver”. It may look like the following:

  Driver “fbdev”

Move the cursor to the first letter inside the quotation marks and type “cw” – must
be lowercase letters – and the word inside the quotation marks will disappear but
the quotation marks will remain. Notice that “-- INSERT --” will appear on the
bottom line of the screen.

Type vesa within the quotation marks still on the screen.

Press ESC.

Move the cursor down until you see the line reading

  Section “Screen”

Indented are several lines. Move the cursor to the line below the line reading

  Monitor “Monitor0”

Type the letter “O” – that is, a capital-O – and a blank line opens between the two
lines. The cursor appears at the beginning of this blank line.

Press TAB to align the cursor with the word “Monitor” on the line above and then
type DefaultDepth 24.

Notice that both words are capitalized, but there is no space between “Default” and
“Depth” although there is at least one space between “Depth” and the number 24.

Press ESC.

Type “G” – must be a capital-G – and the cursor will go to the bottom line of the

file. You should see a subsection for “Display” having a depth of 24. If you do not
see that and, in case you passed it, using PAGE-UP or the UP arrow to scroll back
does not reveal it, you can add one as follows:

a. Put the cursor on the unindented “EndSection” up against the left margin.

b. Type an “O” – must be capital-O – to open a blank line above the unindented
“EndSection” line.

c. Using TAB to indent each line as follows, type the following text:

  SubSection “Display”

  Viewport 0 0

  Depth 24

  EndSubSection

Press ESC.

Type “ZZ” – must be two capital-Z letters – to save and quit the editor.

Run the command startx to begin the X Window System as the root user.
Eventually, root’s desktop should appear.

Check the resolution that X selected by default using System -> Preferences ->
Hardware -> Screen Resolution and change it to the appropriate setting as needed.

Open a terminal using Applications -> System Tools -> Terminal.

Run the program glxgears to see an approximation of your graphics frame
updating speed.

Quit X using the logout option in the System menu or using CTRL-ALT-BACKSPACE.

Source


Have you checked your keyboard layout for the system?

Maybe the keyboard layout is not the correct one in Ubuntu and you need to select a new keyboard layout that corresponding to what you use.

You can do so by clicking the user cog wheel > System Settings > Layout Settings, test the layout that fits better and re-test the keys on the system.

I have downloaded the Virtualbox image and started it, the default selected keyboard layout is Italian, which can be correct if you are Italian but that can also be not true. If you are not Italian or using a normal Italian keyboard then you need to change your keyboard's layout.

Also the image is using the Italian updates mirror, you might want to change that in your software sources to your own or a closer country to you.

For that please have a look at this post

How do I change which mirror I get updates and software
from


Make GDM accessible only remotely via XDMCP, while console remains in text mode

I don't believe there is currently, the XDMCP protocol is there for remote logins for thin client machines and that's how the functionality is implemented.

What is it you need gdm to do? I just wrote a gdm greeter.


error with conjure-up access denied for Cuba

Conjure-up uses sentry as a crash report. This encounter with error and want to submit the crash report to the senty.io but, it isn't possible because of accessing sentry is blocked by your governments. This isn't your actual problem, to find out the actual error message open the log file (~/.cache/conjure-up/conjure-up.log). The first error message before sentry errors is your actual error message.


How do I give multiple users access to a Windows NTFS partition?

Mounting with specific permissions

There is. Put both users in a group together. Then use that group's to set the gid= option and and mount your disk with the permissions you want it to have. You can control permissions with umask=, fmask= and dmask= options in the mount command. Here is an example:

mount -O dmask=007,fmask=117,gid=46,uid=1000 /dev/sdc1 /media/winhdd

These options can also be used  in /etc/fstab like this: UUID=7258CB9858CB598D  /media/win  ntfs    rw,auto,user,exec,nls=utf8,dmask=007,fmask=117,gid=46,uid=1000    0   2.

Avoiding fstab - automounting a specific disk with udev

I imagine you want to avoid fstab because the disk it not always connected on boot. If you wish to avoid fstab use a udev rule. Udev can automatically mount (and prevent Ubuntu from automounting) when the disk is connected. A rule for that may look like this:

# In /etc/udev/rules.d/70-usb-winhdd-mount.rules

KERNEL=="sd?[0-9]", ATTR{removable}=="1", ATTRS{serial}=="UA04FLGC", ACTION=="add", RUN+="mount -O dmask=007,fmask=117,gid=46,uid=1000 /dev/%k /media/winhdd"

You will need to identify the disk by it's properties. In my example I did this by ATTRS{serial}=="UA04FLGC". I described how to do this in another question. The naming and location of the rules files is described there too.

Give all removable disk those properties

If you want to do this with all removable disk - not just that particular one, simply leave out the serial part and be sure to assign a unique mountpoint (counting them, creating from serial, %-symbol of udev or other method). Also as stated elsewhere ENV{mount_options}="$env{mount_options},dmask=007,fmask=117,gid=46,uid=1000" could be an option for mounting all removable disks with certain permissions/onwership.

Useful information you might already know:

Creating a group and adding users

Those are the shell commands to create a group named 'winhdd' and add a user named 'confus' to that group:

groupadd winhdd
usermod -a -G winhdd confus

Finding out the group id

You can find the group ids of all the groups on your system in a file called /etc/group. The entries there look like winhdd:x:4:confus,narur,joe where 'confus', 'narur' and 'joe' are the user names belonging to that group, 'adm' is the group's name and '4' the group id, you're looking for. In /etc/groups you can also check if adding the users to your group was successful. The command getent group winhdd would show the line with information about the group. The id command gives you your group id, user id and the names and ids of all groups you belong to.

Setting umask-like options

You'll want to set dmask= to a sensible value allowing you at least to execute (=access) directories. fmask= is the option for file permissions.

dmask=007,fmask=117,gid=46,uid=1000 allows the owner that is user number 1000 (first digit in the masks) and the the members of group number 46 (second digit in the mask) to read and write and files on the disk. Other users have no rights to do anything (hence third digit in the masks - the 7). Here are the mask values:

7 – no permissions     6 – execute only    5 – write only
4 – write and execute  3 – read only       2 – read and execute
1 – read and write     0 – read, write and execute


Accidently Formated a 16gb flash drive as a partition?! help!

When you formatted the device instead of a partition, you wiped out the partition table.  Now you can use the device, treating it like a big file, it will mount with a loop option, but that's almost never what is wanted.  Assuming there are no files on the device to save, just use a disk partitioning tool, like fdisk or gdisk, to put a new partition table (DOS type)  on the device, then add a new (primary) partition (Microsoft Basic Data for a FAT filesystem), and format a FAT filesystem on that.
  The specific commands will vary depending upon which disk tool you use.


No, you don't. Your firewall is enabled. Just to be sure, you can run this command:

sudo ufw enable

If it says it is active, it is... Active and will stay active. Even if you have the firewall gui closed.


An external usb storage device auto-mounts with root permissions

In Ubuntu, all USB drives, once mounted, are in the /media directory

cp /media/your-usb/file-in-usb ~

That copies a file on your USB disk to the user's home directory, assuming the drive is called your-usb and the file is file-in-usb.


Try running the following command:
sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop --no-install-recommends


What is the best way to learn how to use Ubuntu with terminal?

Linux in a nutshell is said to be a good book for Linux commands. You can see that book. (I admit that I did not completely read the book, but seems to me good for commands, See below comment from an actual reader)
An online directory of useful Linux commands can also help you a lot
I found the book Ubuntu Linux Bible extremely helpful and a friendly introduction to Ubuntu. It is by "William von Hagen".
You can browse the Linux manual pages in a web-browser by installing man2html.

sudo apt-get install man2html

You can browse the GNU info pages by typing info following the command name in a terminal. The Graphical Way to do the same thing requires info2www package. Install it with sudo apt-get install info2www.
(These are more helpful, and I highly recommend these to understand the Linux Commands, such as sed, grep and others)


This is Michael Larabel of Phoronix. Sandy Bridge CPU and Cougar Point chipset support under Linux is quite good, sans the graphics bugs and small other hiccups (as pointed out in my articles and already in this thread, don't expect your motherboard to necessarily have LM_Sensors support, there may be some SnR problems, USB3 is generally fine but under some scenarios can be iffy, etc).

In terms of the graphics problems I have noted that some people say is due to a system mis-configuration on my part, that is not the case. Intel's Jesse Barnes is able to reproduce the most severe issue I reported of stability problems / tiling corruption when the system endures enough load. This doesn't seem to happen to everyone or they don't realize it as the system must be under lots of load, but it's happening with at least select ASUS motherboards. I'm waiting on a new board from Intel to see how that goes and how the Linux graphics performance is once everything is working.


try:

sudo chown -R user:user /home/user


Firefox downloading torrents gives me no application to open them with - just opens download folder

This is the default behavior of Firefox. When you download a file that can be opened with an application it ask you. You can save the file and go to download folder and open it from there

or search in /usr/bin to locate deluge.


How do I fix an error with libc6-dev-armhf-cross in Ubuntu 18.04 when trying to apt upgrade?

I was able to cleanly solve this problem with a variation of the approach used by Gen.Stack. The problem with the accepted solution is that it removes dependencies  of the packages in question but fails to restore them. This solution prevents that problem.

First, remove the problem packages and purge their configuration without removing dependencies:

sudo dpkg -P --force-depends libc6-armel-cross libc6-armhf-cross libc6-dev-armel-cross libc6-dev-armhf-cross

Clean the package cache:

sudo apt clean

Update the package listing:

sudo apt update

Fix broken dependencies (should automatically install two of the removed packages):

sudo apt -f install

Finally, install the remaining two packages:

sudo apt install libc6-dev-armel-cross libc6-dev-armhf-cross

This will bring your system back into working order.


I was observing screen flickering but not shaking. I had to edit my monitor config and change the framerate. By default mine was set to 60.169086456298828.

open terminal and run the following:

gedit ~/.config/monitors.xml

edit this line:

<rate>60.1690864562988</rate>

set it to be lower than 60 as mentioned by 4levels, I used 59.96.


commands to upload database file to database

You're shell command is missing the shell redirect input operator: <. This tells mysql to read in the file "db.sql". See https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Redirections.html (assuming you're using bash or equivalent).

Try: "mysql -u root -p pass age < db.sql"


Access a network folder in Xubuntu 16.04 LTS

If you want to mount your FTP server so you can access it via GUI, do the following (this is probably the most convenient solution):

Install curlftpfs. Open a terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install curlftpfs

Create the directory you want to mount your FTP server to, for example

mkdir /home/username/fileserver2

Then mount it with

curlftpfs username:password@fileserver2 /path/to/your/created/folder -o allow_other,disable_eprt

Or if you want a SSL/TLS encrypted connection

curlftpfs username:password@fileserver2 /path/to/your/created/folder -o allow_other,disable_eprt,tlsv1

If you dont need it anymore, use

fusermount -u /path/to/your/created/folder

to unmount it.

Alternatives:

Use a FTP client like FileZilla
Use the terminal: sudo apt-get install ftp and then ftp servername. To learn how to use it look at the manpage via man ftp


I seem to suck at figuring out how to put a password in

Type passwd in terminal to set a password.


Unable to navigate to the files/folders pane in Nautilus with keyboard

I can reproduce your issue with Nautilus 3.26.4 on Ubuntu 18.04 when using the Ambiance gtk3 theme which is the default in Ubuntu 18.04. Pressing Tab any number of times does not apparently get me to the pane listing files and folders.

But, if you switch to the High Contrast gtk3 theme, which though not aesthetic, makes it very clear when you've tabbed to the point that the file/folder pane is active. (To change gtk themes you'll need to install gnome-tweaks from the repos.)

In the following animation, I've used the materia-gtk-theme from the repos to show that just tabbing is enough to get to the pane containing the list of files/folders. (I converted images to grayscale so that the animated gif falls below the site's size limit of 2MB.)

First, repeatedly pressing Tab works down the left pane, aka Places, and then enters the pane with the file/folders list. Further tabbing moves to the area above the file list pane.

In any case, if you like using the keyboard primarily, why not try something like ranger or nnn? There are many nice YouTube videos on ranger and other keyboard-driven file managers.


How do I install Cacti 8.7i with PIA 3.1(Plug In Architecture) for 12.04 Server LTS?

There has been a backport created for Cacti 0.8.8a for use in 12.0.4.

You can read the details about it in this Launchpad bug issue:Please backport cacti 0.8.8a-3 (universe) from quantal to precise

To upgrade your Cacti installation from 8.7i to 8.8a, perform the following commands from a terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:micahg/ppa
sudo apt-get install cacti

You should now be able to use the new Cacti Plugin Architecture.

The latest plugins can be downloaded from http://docs.cacti.net/plugins

In order to install the plugin, change to the directory where it was downloaded.
The default directory for cacti plugins is /usr/local/share/cacti/plugins/

Execute the following command:

sudo tar -xvf <insert-plugin-file-name-here>.tgz -C /usr/local/share/cacti/plugins/

The newly installed plugin should now be showing up in the cacti menu Console --> Plugin Management

What are PPAs and how do I use them?
Are PPA's safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?


Please note that this is for a 64bit system.

Step one: Reinstall alsa-utils

sudo apt-get install alsa-utils --reinstall

Step two: Download and install alsa-lib

Here is a link to version 1.0.25-4(the stable version)

Extract the archive and run the following code in the extracted directory

./configure && make

Then

sudo make install

Step three: Update Kernel

I'm not sure if this is required but I did it anyway

wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.9-raring/linux-headers-3.9.0-030900-generic_3.9.0-030900.201304291257_amd64.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.9-raring/linux-headers-3.9.0-030900_3.9.0-030900.201304291257_all.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.9-raring/linux-image-3.9.0-030900-generic_3.9.0-030900.201304291257_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i *.deb
sudo update-grub

This will update your kernel to kernel 3.9 which does have some audio improvements.

Thanks to CL. for the info.

Aaron Rolls


My guess is sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /opt/nginx/

And I do not see your index.html listed anywhere


set desktop font via command line and without gnome-settings-daemon?

Desktop font : the font for icon name on the desktop

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.desktop font 'Sans 8'


You should be able to mount USB drives using any file manager by simply clicking on it

or in command-line with the mount command: for that you would need to know where it is in /dev/ - easy way to find out: disconnect USB drive, type ls /dev/, connect it again, type the same command and see what changed,
Let's suppose it was sdb and sdb1:
Type mkdir /media//USB
Then type sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media//USB


How can I force SSH to give an RSA key instead of ECDSA?

By removing the ECDSA algorithms from the HostKeyAlgorithms configuration variable.

ssh -o HostKeyAlgorithms=ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss user@server

I've simply removed all the ECDSA algorithms from the default list.

You can, of course, put that in your .ssh/config for that machine:

Host: server
    HostKeyAlgorithms ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss


How to allow wget to recursively download a whole directory instead of the "index.html" file

wget can download only what is served by the web-server. If you have a blank index.html in the directory, then wget can only download that file.

An alternative method would be to use sftp like this:

sftp username@server_ip
Enter your password
get -r /var/www/html/images/
exit


automation of shell script to read all its input from a file instead of a keyboard

When

you know exactly what information the program or script needs, and
you know the order in which the information is needed, and
you do not also need to provide input to it from your terminal

...then this is very simple. You can just use input redirection, and the simplest form of input redirection suffices.

./script < answers

Replace ./script with whatever command actually runs the program or script and answers with a path to the file that contains all the inputs.

(You can also write this as < answers ./script if you find that to be more convenient. In either case, < comes just before answers--you can even write <answers--and if you have other command-line arguments that must be passed to ./script, that's fine.)

The way this works is that, by default, standard input is usually a terminal, but you can redirect it to any file or device. The shell operator < redirects standard input. For more details, and the full story on redirection, see Redirections.

On the other hand, if you don't know quite what information the program or script will prompt for--and so you need to specify answers for questions that may or may not be asked, or may be asked in any order, or may be asked with important variations--then you'll want to write another script that handles providing the necessary inputs. There are tools to automate this; often, expect is a good choice. From what you said, though, it doesn't sound like you need this. (If you do, you should give more details.)


How to transfer music to a Windows Phone device?

WP devices use the MTP protocol. Have you tried using Nautilus with the GVFS MTP plugin?

There is a step-by-step guide on how to install and setup an up-to-date GVFS MTP plugin using a PPA in Ubuntu 12.04 and later at http://www.webupd8.org/2013/01/upgrade-to-gvfs-with-mtp-support-in.html.


How to roll back input drivers in Ubuntu 16.04?

Try booting into a tty-shell (press Ctrl+Alt+F2 on login-screen).

From there run

sudo apt remove xorg-input-abi-24
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt install xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all ubunut-desktop  xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-kbd xserver-xorg-input-wacom

That should undo the invoulentary un-/install of packages.

Note that Ubuntu should have wacom support out-of-the-box (xserver-xorg-input-wacom should be pre-installed on the desktop version of ubuntu).


I have found a way to crop the pages and remove their margins as much as possible and then scale each page to fit the paper size, which I assume to be letter size for the purpose of writing this answer. The cropping is done by the pdfcrop command, which is provided by the texlive-extra-utils package. The scaling is done by cups-pdf, which provides a PDF printer, and lpr.

Install pdfcrop and cups-pdf (lpr is already installed by default):

sudo apt-get install texlive-extra-utils cups-pdf

Note that the name of the PDF printer is simply PDF.
Run pdfcrop on the PDF of interest (this may take a while because your PDF has 80+ pages) and save it with a filename of your choice (I choose cropped.pdf for this answer):

pdfcrop PDF-of-interest.pdf cropped.pdf

Scale the pages such that they fit the paper size (assumed to be letter size for this answer):

lpr -P PDF -o fit-to-page -o media=Letter cropped.pdf

Change Letter to A4 if you prefer A4 size.
Retrieve the scaled PDF, which is also named cropped.pdf, at ~/PDF.


You are trying to install a version of libssl-dev that requires a very old version of cmake. You might want to check if this is really the version of libssl-dev that you want or need. If it only builds with a cmake version that old, chances are it's a very old and unmaintained version. Especially with security software like libssl that's probably not a good idea.


How to move a Ubuntu 14 machine from DigitalOcean to physical hardware?

You need to download an image of the disk that exists on your VPS provider. The problem here is that the most common setup for a VPS is a server with a single "hard drive" attached to it, and you can't reliably make a disk image of a system while it's running without specialized tools or processes. Also, where would the disk image go since trying to take a snapshot of the disk while it's being imaged creates a problem.

If your VPS provider lets you download a disk image/snapshot/backup directly, great, you can just do that. However, most don't provide that functionality directly and instead you have to do it yourself. To do that you need to either create a new volume/disk and attach it to the server or launch a new VPS and attach the disk you're trying to image to that server. In either case, you need a system running Linux that has two disks attached, one the disk you're trying to image and the other a (larger) disk of where to store the image.

Next get the name of the disk you're imaging, in this example we'll call it /dev/sdb. You don't have to actually mount the disk you're trying to image, but instead do something like this:

dd if=/dev/sdb of=/where/to/write.img status=progress

The status=progress is so that you can monitor the progress. If you're doing this over SSH you might want to run this all as a setsid command (setsid dd ...) so that it doesn't get killed if you disconnect.

Once you have that .img file you can reverse the process by plugging a disk into a machine running Linux locally, in this example I'll call the disk we plugged in /dev/sdc

dd if=write.img of=/dev/sdc status=progress

If you're feeling snazzy you can try to do all of this without an intermediate storage disk on your VPS by booting into a Live CD and copying the files over an SSH tunnel by running this command on your VPS while booted into the Live CD:

dd if=/dev/sdb | ssh -C user@ip_of_home_pc dd of=disk.img

This takes advantage of the fact that SSH actually hooks up standard input/output streams and passes the output of the dd imaging process over a compressed (-C) SSH connection.


Encrypt the data on your computer, then send it to his.  You can use gpg for this.  If you want to be able to log on to his computer and access the files, then no, there is nothing you can do to prevent root from spying on you; if you don't trust the computer, then you can not use it to handle sensitive information.


Change Ipad setting back from do nothing in nautilus

You didn't see it listed in settings>detail?  Under any of the options?  If not I don't know either.  That is the only place I know to look.


Installed program again in the "available to install" list

yeah they are available for download by you , it means you can install them . they are common to all users of Ubuntu . The free software available for all users . Its not  going to update the list even you already got them your PC . its just something like a menu card example .

even you got them or didnt got them the list wont change . thats the best software list .


pop-up notifications not showing when using xchat

Are you using xchat or xchat-gnome?  If you are using xchat-gnome then you should get on screen notifications.  You can check by going to Edit > Preferences > Scripts and Plugins > and checking that the "On-screen display" plugin is there and enabled.


How do I switch to another audio output sink in XFCE?

After installing pavucontrol you have graphical access to several useful settings for pulseaudio including a choice for your output device. Choose the default output device in the Output Device tab:

A currently playing stream of a given application can also be moved to another device in the Playback tab from the dropdown menu next to Playback Stream on:


The indicator icon of Copy.com disappeared or the menu is unreadable

Update: a work-around was added in the Copy client so the instructions below are no longer needed if you use the latest Copy!

The Copy.com client indicator menu doesn't work properly in Ubuntu 14.04 and 13.10 due to a bug in libdbusmenu.

This bug was fixed in Ubuntu 14.10 and I'm not sure when it will be fixed in older Ubuntu versions but you can get the Copy.com indicator menu to work right now in Ubuntu 14.04 and 13.10 by using the fix /  work-around below.

First of all: be sure to delete Copy versions eventually installed manually.

Then:

cd /tmp
wget https://github.com/hotice/webupd8/raw/master/libdbusmenu-gtk-$(arch).tar.gz
tar -xvf libdbusmenu-gtk*
sudo cp /tmp/libdbusmenu-gtk*/* /PATH/TO/COPY-FOLDER/

The instructions above will download libdbusmenu-gtk compiled with the fix and copy it to the copy-client folder. For the last command, replace "/PATH/TO/COPY-FOLDER/" with the path to where you've installed Copy. If you've used the Copy PPA, the path is /opt/copy-client/

This work-around / fix includes libdbusmenu-gtk built by me. If you want to build it yourself, see HERE.

via WebUpd8


Does 'xinput list' 'Virtual core pointer's id is always '2'?

Here is how I figured out what to do:

xinput --list
xinput --list| grep "Virtual core pointer"
xinput --list| grep "Virtual core pointer" | awk '{print $5}'
xinput --list| grep "Virtual core pointer" | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d= -f2

So, your answer is:

<some_command> --touch-devices=$(xinput --list| grep "Virtual core pointer" | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d= -f2)

Pipes are fun, but it would be better to just use awk for the tasks, that grep and cut are supposed to do:

<some_command> --touch-devices=$(xinput --list | awk '/Virtual core pointer/ { print(substr($5, 4)); exit; }')

Good programming practice! Determine the number from what the system tells you is true NOW, rather than hard-coding a number that was right once-upon-a-time.


You need to edit /etc/fstab of the booting system.
To have your HDD not automounted when you but from USB stick, add one line for each partition, such as:

/dev/hda1 / auto noauto 0 0

To have it mounted in readonly mode:

/dev/hda1 / auto ro 0 0

A complete manual for fstab is here, otherwise just google around!


How much data do I need to download to upgrade to a new version of Ubuntu?

The size depends on what you have installed.

I didn't do much testing but

awk '/^Installed-Size:/ {size+=$2} END {print size/(1024*1024)}' /var/lib/dpkg/status

should tell you the sum of the installed sizes of all packages. As that's the uncompressed size you can expect the download size to be less than this.


Gnome invites to upgrade to 3.34 even though I'm already on 3.34 [Ubuntu 19.10]

I discovered the problem. Under 18.04 I installed a free book reader that used Freedesktop.org which then apparently installed a Flathub version of Gnome libraries in order for it to function. I am guessing that when I upgraded to 19.10, that software did not "stay with the group" as it were, and began to confuse the system.

I discovered it in the list of "Add-Ons" in "Ubuntu Software" (snapcraft), tried removing it, and it popped up with a notification that it was needed by "com.github.johnfactotum.Foliate". I uninstalled the book reader (which I never used), and then I was able to successfully remove the Gnome libraries.

Incidentally, this gave me a chance to clean up other add-ons that were apparently also piling up over time and were no longer needed.

The "Update Gnome" notifications now no longer appear, so everything appears kosher. :)


16.04 to 16.04.2 System is Running in Low Graphics Mode

Well, its seems it was easier than i expected because I missed a step. I followed this article first before doing any kind of research.

OmgUbuntu Article

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Edit: I may also expand on this... to get to the tty1 session to run these commands press CTRL+ALT+F1 and then login once you get to that modal window.


select packages related to some program in apt archive

Not sure exactly what you mean by 'related to', however, if you do:

aptitude show some-package-name

This will show you the dependencies.


For your apt-get to work, you should edit your apt config file:

sudo -H gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf

And add Acquire::http::Proxy "http://username:password@proxyhost:port/";

The syntax shown above should be strictly followed.

This configuration may fail if your username or password has an '@' in it.
You can also add proxy configuration for other protocols such as FTP.

Update: If your username or password has '@' in it you can replace it with %40
Example:If your password is @123 enter it as %40123.

For other characters see this Percent-encoding


Ubuntu running start jobs for hours now and it won't boot

Connect to it using ssh
Analyze what is going on: journalctl -f
Run and add to your question systemd-analyze blame

Maybe some service should be disabled or reconfigured. Services have dependencies and for some reason if dependent service could not see wanted service started, it waits causing the issue.


No-GUI automatic console screen off when idle

Alright, found an answer while researching the fairly unrelated "How do I change the console resolution" question ...

consoleblank=seconds

needs to be added to the

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

line in /etc/defaults/grub, then sudo update-grub, then reboot.


Why does the same bash script behave differently on different laptops?

Please check what AWK you are using.

It can be gawk or mawk, these utilities are working slightly different.


Remove last three characters from all filenames in a directory

Remove last three characters from all filenames in current directory:

rename 's/...$//' *

Change the characters in the names of all files from current directory to lowercase:

rename 'y/A-Z/a-z/' *

For more info see man rename.


Add custom steps to source package's debian/package.postinst?

Your postinst script should included a #DEBHELPER# token if you are using any debhelper commands that might modify it. It will get replaced in the resulting script by the auto-generated content. See manpage for the dh_installdeb command

For example:

#!/bin/sh
# postinst script for webpy-example
#
# see: dh_installdeb(1)

set -e

# summary of how this script can be called:
#        * <postinst> `configure' <most-recently-configured-version>
#        * <old-postinst> `abort-upgrade' <new version>
#        * <conflictor's-postinst> `abort-remove' `in-favour' <package>
#          <new-version>
#        * <postinst> `abort-remove'
#        * <deconfigured's-postinst> `abort-deconfigure' `in-favour'
#          <failed-install-package> <version> `removing'
#          <conflicting-package> <version>
# for details, see http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ or
# the debian-policy package

# source debconf library
. /usr/share/debconf/confmodule

# Source dbconfig-common functions
if [ -f /usr/share/dbconfig-common/dpkg/postinst.pgsql  ]; then
  . /usr/share/dbconfig-common/dpkg/postinst.pgsql
fi

case "$1" in

  configure)
    # Set up our config for apache
    /bin/cp /usr/share/webpy-example/postinstall/webpy-config /etc/apache2/conf.d/
    /usr/sbin/a2enmod wsgi
    /usr/sbin/a2enmod rewrite
    /etc/init.d/apache2 reload

    # set up database
    dbc_pgsql_createdb_encoding="UTF8"
    dbc_generate_include=template:/usr/share/webpy-example/lib/credentials.py
    dbc_generate_include_args="-U -o template_infile='/usr/share/doc/webpy-example/credentials_template.py'"
    dbc_generate_include_owner="root:www-data"
    dbc_generate_include_perms="0660"
    dbc_go webpy-example $@ || true
  ;;

  abort-upgrade|abort-remove|abort-deconfigure)
    exit 0
  ;;

  *)
    echo "postinst called with unknown argument \`$1'" >&2
    exit 1
  ;;

esac

# dh_installdeb will replace this with shell code automatically
# generated by other debhelper scripts.

#DEBHELPER#

db_stop

exit 0


Install ubuntu in dualboot with windows 7

Sadly, wubi doesn't work properly for recent versions, so you need to set up a proper dual boot. This can be done by burning Ubuntu to a cd (download the .iso to do this), then choosing to install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7. There is a possibility this doesn't work, in which case you will need to use boot-repair.


Yes, you can create Ubuntu CDs and DVDs. You can download the .iso files here.

You can also create bootable USB sticks - see here for a tutorial on how to do that with Windows and here for one on how to do it with Ubuntu.

You can use any CD or bootable stick for live system testing. On USB sticks you can even even create an area to store changed settings and additionally installed software.
But don't forget that using a live system will always be significantly slower than an installed version of the operating system.

If you want to install it alongside Windows, see here for information on dual boot.


Ok, playing with the keyboard I found the solution myself:

The new ThinkPad activates the F-keys with the Fn extension key. Thus to get a console one has to type Fn+Alt+Ctrl+F1. Strange.


Why do I get a "configure: error: Could not compile basic X program." error when trying to compile Spidermonkey?

You should install the -dev package, which provides the necessary  header files:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libxt-dev


Cifs does not mount network device at boot

I had a similar problem and since the _netdev option did not help in my case, I wanted to share another very simple solution, which I found only after much fruitless tinkering with the _netdev param, the @reboot param of Crontab the sleep command, and the file rc.local):

There should be a folder with the name:

/etc/network/if-up.d

Any script you dump there will be executed only after the network link is up.

How it works: Just add a fstab entry with the common options (I had to use 'vers=3.0' as well but this is another story). Then write a simple executable script with the line mount -a and dump it in the aforementioned dir.

Very simple and works like a charm in my case but it does not seem to be common knowledge.


'No such file or directory' after downloading xampp from SourceForce following Ubuntuportal's tutorial

You are using the wrong XAMPP download link. Instead use :

wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/xampp/XAMPP%20Linux/1.8.3/xampp-linux-x64-1.8.3-2-installer.run

And then :

chmod +x xampp-linux-x64-1.8.3-2-installer.run

When it is done just follow the rest of the tutorial.


I am afraid that this may be related to a "well-known" starting applications problem in Lubuntu in some way. Can you see the internet icon or is it missing too?

If that happens too, you can open "Default applications for LXSession" in preferences menu, move to autostart tab, change the "Disable autostarted applications?" setting to "no", check that radiotray is among the enabled known applications, close the windows and log in Lubuntu again to see if it works.

Many people said that this problem may prevent Lubuntu 14.04 from getting updated automatically, so check that Lubuntu is updated before anything if you cannot see the internet icon. An update is supposed to have been released in connection with this problem.

Bye


Using GParted to remove windows partition

Before reading this post DO NOT FORGET TO BACKUP YOUR DATA JUST IN CASE!

You need the LiveCd or LiveUSB first. Afterwards boot from the Live unit and select gparted as you mention in your question. Do NOT mount any unit or you will need to unmounted to work on it. Right click on the partition you wish to resize (To use the free space left in the same hard drive) and select Resize/Move. Then just drag the bars in the upper part to accomodate the amount of space you want left if any and click on Accept.

An example would be the following images:

in the above image, you can assume that ext4 is NTFS.

Right click on the "NTFS" assuming it was NTFS and select Resize/Move

The bar in the upper part of the windows show 3 colors:

Yellow - The space used by you in that partition. Could be pictures, programs, etc...
White - Space still empty in that partition.
Gray - Space in the hard drive not used by any partition.

You need to drag and occupy the gray part left in the hard drive which is the space left after you DELETED the windows partition.

Or simply put in the Free Space Preceding 0 and in the Free Space Following 0. Then on the New Size put the max size available (HINT: What i do is input a HUGE number then click once to lower the amount, which will set the size to one unit less of the maximum and then click once to raise the amount which will set the size to the actual maximum size. Then click on Resize and the apply that. When finish just boot and you are done.

For the STATUS of your partitions.

Since you are starting from the LiveCD you would most likely only see 2 status. Mount and Unmount. If the unit is mounted just right click on it in the Gparted and select Unmount. If it is unmounted you can start working on it right away since no other program is using it.


Lo and behold, there is a package. In my defense, there are so many hits for aptitude search ri that I didn't see it.

apt-get install ri1.8


Ubuntu Freezing upon Ubuntu logo on installation

As you said in your comment you want to install Ubuntu as a dual boot solution.

Boot into Windows installation and disable hibernation and Fast Boot.  To disable hibernation open a command prompt as administrator and execute :

powercfg /h off

To disable Fast Boot open Control Panel (the old version - not the modern design),
select the Energy Settings, enable show hidden settings and uncheck Fast Boot.
Boot from your Ubuntu installation media - highlight Try Ubuntu without installing.
Press "e" and add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line. Then press F10 to boot.
Start the installation - choose Something else - select the partition for Ubuntu to install.
When finished installation boot into BIOS and select Ubuntu to be the default system to boot.
After having completed all these steps : reboot ...
Highlight the Ubuntu entry in the GRUB menu and add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
(the same procedure as you did  before: Press "e" - add the parameter - then press F10 to boot)
The first thing you should do now is to install NVIDIA graphics drivers and Optimus in Ubuntu !


Lords-a-war! installs but doesn't launch?

My suspicion is that you have installed a package that is not built for Xenial Xerus 16.04. Best thing to do is to build your own package of Lords-A-War and build the very latest pre-release version 0.3.2-pre3 while you are at it!

The following commands set up a build environment, downloads, compiles and installs this pre-release version on Xenial Xerus 16.04:

1. Install some dependencies and build tools:

sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall automake \
autoconf libtool m4 autotools-dev autopoint g++ libsigc++-2.0-dev \
libglibmm-2.4-dev libgtkmm-3.0-dev gettext git libgstreamermm-1.0-dev \
intltool libarchive-dev libxslt1-dev libxml++2.6-dev

2. Make a build directory and download the source:

mkdir ~/lordsawar_build && cd ~/lordsawar_build && \
wget http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/lordsawar/lordsawar-0.3.2-pre3.tar.gz

3. Extract the source, compile and install:

cd ~/lordsawar_build && \
tar xvf lordsawar-0.3.2-pre3.tar.gz && cd lordsawar-0.3.2-pre3 && \
./configure && make -j 2 && \
sudo checkinstall -D --install=yes --fstrans=no --pakdir "$HOME/lordsawar_build" \
   --pkgname lordsawar --backup=no --deldoc=yes --deldesc=yes --delspec=yes --default \
   --pkgversion "0.3.2-pre3"

4. Test it out!!

Works well on my Xenial Xerus system:

And hopefully on your system as well :)


I want to embark on a Linux From Scratch(LFS)project

The host requirements for LFS (Linux From Scratch) are listed at the link below and the page includes a script to check you have everything required.

http://linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/chapter02/hostreqs.html

While I have not tried this with Ubuntu, I do not believe you would have any issues.

Note: you are only using the host system for the beginning compiling and it would not ultimately matter which version of Linux you use.

http://linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/chapter02/stages.html


I need to sync my Postfix config to a second server and have Postfix reload when changes are made

This method is more or less what you're looking, for I think.


Different kernel versions across different machines

Ubuntu 18.04 either upgraded from a prior release (17.10 or 16.04 LTS) or installed with the original ISO, or 18.04.1 ISO uses the standard kernel 4.15.

Ubuntu 18.04.2 and later ISO installs default to using the HWE or hardware-enablement stack kernel, ie. the kernel upgrades to using 18.10's kernel, then 19.04 (5.0 is the current 19.04 kernel being used), then 19.10 kernel, before finally settling on the 20.04 kernel.

The HWE kernel can also be selected as an option for older 18.04/18.04.1/upgraded-to-18.04 machines too.

One of your machines uses HWE kernel, one does not.

  Installing the HWE stack is simple:

  DESKTOP

  sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04

  SERVER

  sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack


Can one pick up a running application from terminal?

Each process in linux has a special directory /proc/{pid}/fd/. 0 is stdin, 1 is stdout and 2 is stderr. So, assuming you are only interested in diagnostic output you can determine the process pid, and then in the terminal do:

to see stdout:

cat /proc/{pid of process}/fd/1

to see stderr:

cat /proc/{pid of process}/fd/2