Sudo android return "sudo: android: command not found"

There is an unknown group (gid 5000) and an unknown user (uid 249512) and ... I guess ... you are not the user with the uid 249512.

Set the permissions - everything in /opt should have the owner root and the group root:

sudo chown -R root:root /opt/android-sdk-linux

Set the executable rights:

sudo chmod 755 /opt/android-sdk-linux/tools/android

Run the script with sudo rights (a very bad idea)

sudo /opt/android-sdk-linux/tools/android

so better change the directory

cd /opt/android-sdk-linux/tools; sudo ./android

If /opt/android-sdk-linux/tools/ is in your PATH this will work too:

sudo android

And once again: Using sudo to run this application is not necessary and a VERY bad idea!

But I suspect that there are additional problems with other files in your /opt/android-sdk-linux installation.


1. Make sure the system is up to date

Run this following command one-by-one in terminal

sudo -s
apt-get update && apt-get upgrade

2. Install wget (abandon this if wget exist in your system)

apt-get install wget

3. Install sirius

NOTE: Sirius and its dependencies need several gigabyte, so make sure to allocate enough storage space.

Install sirius from GitHub:

git clone https://github.com/jhauswald/sirius.git
cd sirius/sirius-application
tar xzf question-answer.tar.gz

Add extra repositories for ffmpeg

add-apt-repository ppa:kirillshkrogalev/ffmpeg-next

Enable multiverse sources for libfaac-dev

apt-add-repository multiverse

Update source

apt-get update

Install basic dependencies for Sirius

apt-get install git zip unzip subversion sox default-jdk ant automake autoconf libtool bison libboost-all-dev ffmpeg swig python-pip curl

Install opencv dependencies

apt-get install build-essential checkinstall git cmake libfaac-dev libjack-jackd2-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libsdl1.2-dev libtheora-dev libva-dev libvdpau-dev libvorbis-dev libx11-dev libxfixes-dev libxvidcore-dev texi2html yasm zlib1g-dev

Install tessaract text

apt-get install tesseract-ocr tesseract-ocr-eng libtesseract-dev libleptonica-dev

Install protobuf

apt-get install libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler

Install dependencies for web apps

pip install wtforms Flask requests pickledb

4. Install opencv

Clone from GitHub

git clone https://github.com/Itseez/opencv.git opencv-2.4.9
cd opencv-2.4.9
git checkout 2.4.9

Install Opencv on system

mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make && make install && ldconfig -v

Prepare kaldi

cd ~/sirius/sirius-application/speech-recognition/kaldi/scripts
./prepare.sh

Arrange Sirius

 cd ~/sirius/sirius-application
./compile-sirius-servers.sh

5. Running Sirius

A. To open ASR server:

 cd ~/sirius/sirius-application/run-scripts
./start-asr-server.sh

Try use the pocketsphinx ASR

./start-asr-server.sh pocketsphinx

or specify an ASR, hostname and port

./start-asr-server.sh pocketsphinx localhost 8080

Open new terminal window (Ctrl + Alt + T) and run this following to test Sirius

./sirius-asr-test.sh ../inputs/questions/what.is.the.speed.of.light.wav

B. Image Matching (IMM)

Image Matching uses SURF to match query images to a stored database.

In image-matching/ first build and store a database of descriptors in protobuf format where the arguments are the name of the database and the directory containing the images

  cd ~/sirius/sirius-application/image-matching
 ./make-db.py landmarks matching/landmarks/db/

To change the database used by the IMM service, change the name in start-imm-server.py.

In run-scripts/, open the IMM server

cd ~/sirius/sirius-application/run-scripts
./start-imm-server.sh

Open new terminal window and test IMM

./sirius-imm-test.sh ../image-matching/matching/landmarks/query/query.jpg

C. Questing Answering System

The Question-Answering system uses OpenEphyra and a Wikipedia database stored in Lemur’s Indri format.

Extract the wikipedia database

cd ~/sirius/sirius-application
wget http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~jahausw/download/wiki_indri_index.tar.gz
tar xzvf wiki_indri_index.tar.gz -C question-answer/

Run the QA server

./start-qa-server.sh

Open new terminal and test QA

./sirius-qa-test.sh "what is the speed of light"

All credits goes to Sirius Official website


How to convert and slice jpg to psd and keep layers

Install imagemagick:

sudo apt-get install imagemagick

Then

convert image.jpg image.psd

Visit imagemagick for more info.


How to customize nautilus files view in Ubuntu 17.04?

Open nautilus, from menu select: "Edit" -> "Preferences", "Views" tab.

Set default view as "List view":

Then go to "list columns" tab and config it like this:


The screen sharing is featured by Vino vnc server, you just have to install it

sudo apt install vino

FYI, The ssh server (too) can be enabled/disabled on this gnome settings section


Best way to automagically mount and share USB drives in Ubuntu Server 12.04

Sorry no one has answered this for you - this entry describes a process similar to what you are looking for.


Normally I just tap super key to bring up the search box and application list.

If you don't like that, you can use super-A to show the application grid. That's also the place where you can start typing to launch an app from the grid.


Run the below command in terminal after connecting your phone to your PC.

sudo ideviceinfo -q com.apple.mobile.iTunes -k DBVersion

If it turns out DBVersion>4, you are out of luck. Any device with DBVersion>4 can not synchronize Music/Video with libimobiledevice library. It'll show up like the transfer is done, It will occupy your phone memory, but won't show up in your music app AKA Apple Music


This seems to be an issue from the bash terminal, not from emacs. I posed a similar question here: How to use CTRL+HOME in the terminal?

Basically, you can test with $ hexdump -C which keys you could use and which you could not.  In your example, I indeed get only the = and + when running those commands in a bash terminal. Emacs doesn't get them at all. You can test it also if you run emacs in a graphic environment, in those cases, I could get the correct codes.

My personal solution so far is to accept it and look for other key combinations, because I will continue working on the terminal.


Can someone help me make my Ralink RT3290 Wireless card work properly on Ubuntu 20.04?

I had the same issue as you with that card. I never had my wifi working perfectly even after long research, but i have found a few stuff that helped.
On what you provided, it seems that you have the right driver installed.
Step 1: Wifi chanel
You should try to change the chanel used by your router. If there are many wifi's available in your area there might be some interference.
Use nmcli dev wifi to see the available wifi networks and the chanel they use.
Then go to your router to change it.
Step 2: Power Mangement
When doing my research, I have found that power management is causing problems with the wifi. To see if it is activated use iwconfig. It should be off or on. If it is on see How can I prevent iwconfig power management from being turned on? to turn it off.


Ubuntu tool to recover just certain file types from drive with logical failure?

You have to try some Data Recovery tools which may help you to restore some of your old data.

From R-tools Technology:

  R-Linux is a free data recovery and undelete utility for Ext2FS/3FS
  (Linux) file systems. File recovery after power failure, system crash,
  virus infection, or partition reformation, even for the different file
  system. Unformat and unerase tool. The utility creates image files an
  entire disk, partition or its part. Such drive image can be processed
  like regular drive

You can download 64 bit verion from here.

To install

sudo dpkg -i rli_en*.deb

Once open you can choose just to recover specific types Press scan from top menu then choose search by file types and uncheck all types you don't want:


Screen flickering / scrambling on an Asus UL30A

My computer is ASUS A43E. I saw your youtube video. Mine was https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/1008322?comments=all

Since one week I did not have all those kind of screen nuisance anymore. I am using Ubuntu 12.04 unity 3d 32 bit. Upgrading to 12.04 since day one, and updating regularly. I think, our friends in Ubuntu community has solved the problem.

You may want to try 12.04. I have tried to consistently using it since 11.04. I think, Unity is quite stable now and does have productivity boosting effect. Still some inconsistency with LibreOffice menu sometime. But we can consider it stable and good.


How can apt-get deal with dependency problems associated with a slightly problematic package?

Taken from the site bestvpnforyou.

https://www.bestvpnforyou.com/installing-airvpn-client-on-ubuntu-16-04-and-14-04/

If you’ve recently upgraded to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS you may have noticed some of the AirVPN dependencies have changed. Whichever LTS version of Ubuntu you’re using you’ll need to install a few dependencies before installing the .deb package, namely some mono packages and openvpn.

The problem right now with installing on Ubuntu 16.04 is a few of the mono dependency packages have been replaced, but the AirVPN .deb download doesn’t recognize them yet.

Here’s a quick rundown of the installation steps for both Ubuntu LTS releases.
For Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Bear in mind this is just a temporary and kind of hacky workaround until AirVPN adjusts the dependency requirements in their .deb package. Proceed at your own risk.

Download the .deb file from your AirVPN account.
Install the newer mono dependency package replacements.

sudo apt install gksu mono-runtime mono-utils mono-reference-assemblies-2.0 openvpn stunnel4 mono-devel

Install the Air .deb package you downloaded, BUT you’ll need to tell it to ignore a couple of the older dependency packages that aren’t present in 16.04:

sudo dpkg -i --ignore-depends=libmono-system-runtime2.0-cil --ignore-depends=libmono-winforms2.0-cil --ignore-depends=libmono-corlib2.0-cil airvpn_linux_x64_debian.deb

Now you’ll have a problem with dependency errors every time you try to update your system. To get around this, CAREFULLY edit the file /var/lib/dpkg/status. Look for the AirVPN package in that file and remove the above 3 packages from the Depends: line. It should end up looking like this.


Dell Lat E6500 Alps touch pad strange problem

Just noticed I never answered my own question and I did find a solution!
add the following line to /etc/rc.local before the "exit 0" line.
#fix click on the touchpad for left-handed mouse setting, comment out if set to right-handed.

synclient tapbutton1=3

now when the system starts and if the touchpad is set to left-handed the pad will click on tap!


Alt Key Functionality broke in Wine program after upgrade to 12.04

Firstly, I should try disabling alt + mouse click window movement in your window manager.
That is noted in the useful wine FAQ as a possible fix:

  Even in full screen mode, window managers typically capture some keys. For example, in KDE and GNOME, Alt+Left Click is used to move the whole application window by default. Thus, this key combination is not available to applications in Wine. You have to disable the colliding combinations in your window manager.

You may also want to try earlier versions of wine with playonlinux as well as the fix discussed above, if just the fix itself doesn't work.

Playonlinux allows you to select older wine versions, install your program in a fresh wineprefix, and then use the specified wine version to run your program. It doesn't matter what version of wine you have installed to the system.

Firstly, install the program with:

sudo apt-get install playonlinux

1) Start playonlinux and go to tools > manage wine versions and view the list of  older versions that you can install. Select the version you want and click the arrow to the right and go through the installation procedure.

The available versions go right back to wine 0.9 and to the latest 1.5 release, and so there should be a version that will be useful for you and solves the problem.

2) Now, go to file > install > 'install a non listed program' and choose 'install a program in a new virtual drive'. Now, you can get to the screen below and select the version of wine that you want to use.

3) Finish the installation by going through the various screens and playonlinux will complete the process and should give you a launcher on the desktop. If not, the program will be available within the initial playonlinux menu screen.

For backing up your prefix and settings within playonlinux, please see my answer here:

How to backup virtual drives with PlayOnLinux?


Alt+Shift combination isn't working on Lubuntu 14

you see that tiny "US" down to the right? right click it, "keyboard layout handler" settings. In the new window that appears there's "Change Layout Option". Choose the button combination you want from there.

I tried playing with that window in the picture before but it didn't work. I don't know why.


Browsers will not search, but if i use specific url's I can connect to a website

So software updater was throwing an error. I reviewed what software's were updating, closed software updater, and rebooted my PC.

Now it works again. I'm trying to better my understanding of Linux, however it is likely i have to purge some repositories off of my PC.


dlclose does not call library destructors, dlopen called just once

This works with glibc 2.17, gcc 4.8.0 or icc 13.1 or icc 12.1:

icc -std=c99 -nostdlib -shared test.c -o /tmp/test

/* test.c */
#include
#include

int __attribute__((constructor)) x_init(void)
{
    puts("init() works");
    return 0;
}

int __attribute__((destructor)) x_fini(void)
{
    puts("fini() works");
    return 0;
}

against:

#include <dlfcn.h>

int
main(void)
{
    void *foo = dlopen("/tmp/test", RTLD_LAZY);

    if (dlclose(foo) < 0) {
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

Also tested with glibc 2.10, glibc 2.12.  And all RTLD_* flags.

Edit:
Using an actual Ubuntu system (gcc (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.2-2ubuntu1) 4.7.2), GNU C Library (Ubuntu EGLIBC 2.15-0ubuntu20), I must say that above code works there too.  So maybe after all it's not about the compiler and/or glibc.


Is there an Android ROM flashing utility available for Ubuntu 14.04?

The adb and fastboot tools that come with the Android SDK are in the repository:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install android-tools-adb android-tools-fastboot

To flash the images, connect the device to the machine, enable USB debugging and reboot the device into the bootloader by running adb reboot bootloader.

Then flash the images using fastboot. For example, to flash a custom recovery partition:

fastboot flash recovery custom-recovery.img


cat: /var/lib/misc/dnsmasq.leases: No such file or directory

To show your IP addresses, try a command like this:
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether dc:a6:32:ba:f9:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether dc:a6:32:ba:f9:12 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.187/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic wlan0
       valid_lft 55664sec preferred_lft 55664sec
    inet6 fe80::dea6:32ff:feba:f912/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

If that doesn't work, let us know what the errors are when you run the command.


How can i install development libraries for 'icu-le' and 'icu-uc'?

If all you need are the development libraries, try installing libicu-dev and if you need the actual library, the name is libicu48.

apt-cache search libicu

This did the trick.

So:

sudo apt-get install libicu-dev


How can I enable syntax highlighting in a Python file without an extension?

You can select a specific syntax highlighting using the --syntax option, for example

nano --syntax=python myscript


Most current version of Ubuntu I can run on a Core 2 Duo Macbook pro 7,1?

Quantal (12.10) is the latest version with a support page on Ubuntu for that MBP model.

I would also try burning the Saucy (13.10) iso though and following the same instructions to see if the issue you faced with 13.04 is resolved.


Unable to access or mount iPod touch [Ubuntu 14.04]

I have the same problem, though my ipod touch has NOT been recently reset (that I know, I bought it second hand).

Have you installed libimobiledevice from the ubuntu software centre? That has allowed ubuntu 14.04 to see my ipod touch device (it appears as an icon in the left hand side vertical menu and in the file manager), but NOT to see the files yet. More work to do.

It is surprising that there is no feedback at all for libimobiledevice in the ubuntu software centre...


Reminder :

  UltraDefrag is a Windows only program and was never tested nor
  compiled on anything else but Windows. — UltraDefrag

There is a 5.0.0AB.7 precompiled version here you can use on Ubuntu - you can get it this way :

 wget http://jp-andre.pagesperso-orange.fr/tools.zip
 unzip tools.zip
 cd tools/
 ./udefrag

Successfully tested on my Ubuntu 15.04.


Is there any easy way to get Ubuntu back after reinstalling windows 8?

Answer written by the OP in one edit:

  After hours of GRUB trouble, this these lines solved it in seconds:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair


Laptop with new SSD, Partitioning and Over-Provision

Over provisioning simply means never writing to some part of the drive.  It doesn't matter if part of the drive is in a partition you never use, or not assigned to any partition at all -- either way, you never write there.

On the other hand, occasionally running fstrim is better than over provisioning the drive.


You should use the Legacy Catalyst driver, AMD no longer support the HD2xxx/3xxx/4xxx series cards with newer drivers. By the way I would continue to use the open source radeon drivers, much less pain in my experience (for anything but gaming).

Anyway, the Legacy drivers can be simply installed using jockey as far as I know.


How to automate 'dpkg-reconfigure locales' with one command?

What worked charm for me was a combination between the @DevRobot's and the @Gunnar Hjalmarsson's answers (run as root). EDIT: Added some improvements to avoid annoying errors:

update-locale "LANG=en_HK.UTF-8"
locale-gen --purge "en_HK.UTF-8"
dpkg-reconfigure --frontend noninteractive locales

Another possibility (that works even better) is through the debconf-utils utilities and debconf-set-selections (run as root):

echo "locales locales/default_environment_locale select en_HK.UTF-8" | debconf-set-selections
echo "locales locales/locales_to_be_generated multiselect en_HK.UTF-8 UTF-8" | debconf-set-selections
rm "/etc/locale.gen"
dpkg-reconfigure --frontend noninteractive locales

Hope this might help.


Does wubi need separate partition? Can I manually allocate space for my home folder?

You can create 2 partitions when you install Windows XP if you want, but it is also possible to do it as you install Ubuntu afterwards, also the Ubuntu installer is more graphical therefore I think it is much easier to use so I would recommend doing as you install Ubuntu.

You can select how much space is used by the whole of Ubuntu when you install with wubi, although you cannot decide how much space is used specifically by the home folder (but I believe you wanted to decide how much space the whole of Ubuntu uses anyway).

I would recommend installing Ubuntu via a live CD/DVD/USB rather than using wubi if your are comfortable doing so as wubi is known to (although rarely) cause problems.

Hope this helps.

P.S. This answer may be worded badly with mistakes as I have just woken up so an edit would be much appreciated! :)


xubuntu 12.04 Thunar deletes files with permission r--r--r--. Is it a bug?

Actually, Nautilus behaves the same (as does bash terminal).  You can delete a read-only file, because it is the directory permissions that control that operation.  In theory, you can't write to a read-only file, although many editors will delete the original (or make a backup), then write to a new file, so it seems that you can write to the read-only file.

If you were to make the permissions for a directory r-x, then you would not be able to delete any files (but you could still write to the files, assuming they are not read-only).


After 13.10 install none of my apps appear in the Dashboard, only social network apps (of which I have none)

I would ensure all of these were installed:

sudo apt-get install unity-lens-applications unity-lens-files unity-lens-music unity-lens-video

if that works, great. Otherwise also try:

rm ~/.cache/software-center -R

and

unity --reset &

Edit: it as pointed out in the comments:

sudo apt-get install unity-scope-home

may also solve the issue. Thanks


Can I install Ubuntu without an EFI partition?

BIOS or UEFI

If you boot the Ubuntu Live ISO in BIOS it will install BIOS mode, If you Boot the Install ISO in UEFI mode it will install in UEFI mode. If you have Windows on the computer already, you want to install Ubuntu in the same mode as Windows. My Windows 7 was always BIOS mode.


Do you have Ubuntu and Windows on two separate partitions on the same HDD?
Unfamiliar with your error but, they will cause a lot of problems like taking boot priority over eachother, I keep Windows on different HDD's from other OS's.

I don't recommend using any of Windows recovery options if you get an error.
I don't understand, what partition is blank?


The problem is that your file manager and the terminal are looking at two different directories. There is one /usr/local located on the 118GB volume, and another that is located in your root partition. If you click on Computer in the file manager, and navigate to /usr/local, then you will be looking at the same directory as the terminal. Alternatively, if you navigate to the 118GB volume, and then /usr/local/ in the terminal, you will be looking at the directory that is shown in the file manager. In Ubuntu, automatically mounted partitions can usually be found in /media/.


dpkg: unrecoverable fatal error, aborting: files list file for package 'linux-generic' is missing final newline

I had similar issues with the following error:

dpkg: unrecoverable fatal error, aborting:
 files list file for package 'libboost-regex1.55.0:armhf' is missing final newline
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)

However, the folder /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux didn't exist on my system, as in previous post. (I was running Raspbian on a Raspberry pi 3)

I moved the following files:

/var/lib/dpkg/info/libboost-regex1.55.0:armhf.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/libboost-regex1.55.0:armhf.list

Then ran:

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

It fixed the problem for me.


After some digging around on a link I found on another question, I discovered that in newer versions the (undocumented) config folder is actually /etc/owncloud.


Running the commands from the web isn't different from running them from the system.  The main culprit for discrepancies is environment variables and paths.

Test the variables and path between the two (running from the system and running from Apache2) and correct the discrepancy.

You can check your Apache2 environment variables and paths with these steps:

Create a simple script to show your environment:

/usr/local/bin/set.sh

#!/bin/bash

set

Run it on the web either using PHP or Perl:

Using Perl:

#!/usr/bin/perl

use warnings;
use strict;

print "\n\n";

print system("/usr/local/bin/set.sh");

Using PHP:

  <title>PHP Test</title>

 <?php echo '
Hello World
';
 system("/usr/local/bin/set.sh");
 ?>

The best place to start will be to make sure you have the paths from your login included in the path of the program running on Apache2.

In this case Apache2 is reporting this for the path:

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin

When running from the terminal I get this:

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/db/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin

If you test adding all the path variables to your web instance while running the program, you should get the same results as you get when running it from the terminal.  After you have it running, you can systematically trim the path elements that you find are not needed, such as /usr/games, /usr/local/games and /snap/bin.


Ubuntu has LTS and normal version now. Does Lubuntu have the same?

No, but also yes. You will receive 5 years support on packages Ubuntu provides support for this term.

Lubuntu shares packages with Ubuntu in a sense that "underlying" "base" software like Alsa, the kernel, common shared libraries and such are from the same archive and maintained by the same people. Lubuntu is nothing more than Ubuntu with another set of preselected set of packages. It's just that Unity comes with 5 years of support and LXDE doesn't, in Ubuntu.

For the example of the kernel, Unity and LXDE core, run this on Lubuntu 12.04 or Ubuntu 12.04 (won't make a difference):

$ apt-cache show linux-image-generic | grep ^Supported
Supported: 5y

$ apt-cache show unity | grep ^Supported
Supported: 5y

$ apt-cache show lxde-core | grep ^Supported
<no output>

This way, you can check for every package whether it comes with the 5 years of support or not.

So, this makes me disagree with the other answer stating

  Also, please note that if you are using Lubuntu, instead of Ubuntu, you will not receive LTS since Lubuntu 12.04 isn't an LTS release.

Because, regardless of how you installed Lubuntu1, you will receive updates for 5 years, yet not for all of your packages (including LXDE).

1 You can install Lubuntu in two ways. 1) Install regular Ubuntu first, replacing Unity with LXDE via the lubuntu-desktop^ apt-task and selecting it in your login screen as desktop environment to log in to, or 2) using the Lubunu Live CD/installer directly.


First I would check that access to the Windows program really works by manually running the wine command in a terminal window (CTRL-Alt-T) with the path and filename as one parameter.

On my system my Windows file system is accessible from ubuntu as "Local Disk", but it is also reachable as the parameter in my example:

wine "/media/roger/Local Disk/Program Files/HxD/HxD.exe"

The double quotes on the parameter are necessary because there's an embedded space in the path string.

Watch for case sensitivy as well.

BTW not so many Windows programs work with wine, but Organic Marble's link to winehq shows that Zbrush is good.`


how to remove ubuntu from efi boot options

Try mounting your EFI System Partition (ESP) and removing the EFI/ubuntu directory from that partition. Then boot a Linux emergency system in EFI mode and use efibootmgr to remove the Ubuntu entry. For instance:

# efibootmgr
Timeout: 10 seconds
BootOrder: 0000,0008,0006,0007
Boot0000* ubuntu
Boot0006* Hard Drive
Boot0007* CD/DVD Drive
Boot0008* INTERNAL EFI SHELL: ST32000542AS
# efibootmgr -b 0 -B

You'll need to modify the value passed to -b based on the initial efibootmgr output.


You have asked question for xampp in your title but you have described apache2 problem in decription. Both are different methods to run apache web server.

xampp configuration is different than apache2. xampp contains apache and mysql inside it, if you have installed xampp, you don't need to install them separately.

xampp does not identify a2enmod or a2dismod, even you have installed xampp in ubuntu. They (a2enmod or a2dismod) have been configured for apache2.

The configuration of xampp is very much similar like httpd of centOS or fedora.

XAMPP is installed as /opt/lampp. Rewrite modules are enabled by default in xampp. You can check it in the file /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf.
There should be line

LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

there in the file httpd.conf as well as mod_rewrite.so file is available in modules.
If line is commented, it means module is disabled. The line should be uncommented as well as .so file should not be corrupted if you want to use rewrite rules in xampp.


how to configure separate swap partitions on two Ubuntu OS's 20.04.1 and 20.10

Delete these two lines from /etc/fstab in Groovy Gorilla_
# swap was on /dev/sda7 during installation
UUID=0bc06c35-9a9e-44c0-828f-e17e1e19ce96 none swap  sw 0       0

So that it has only one swap definition, and they are different.


No boot record when installing 13.04 from USB on WinXP

I had the exact same issue and struggled for hours, untill I booted from USB pendriveLinux to set up the USB stick with 13.10

http://www.pendrivelinux.com/

Tor-André


Found this, the link to the Realtek driver in the comments seemed to work - https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/998200


Can't access phpmyadmin in Ubuntu 12.10 64bit after installing XAMPP

Why don't you just delete what is obviously the problem (that LocationMatch directive)? It's only going to be a security issue if your installation is ever exposed to a wider network.

If you running servers, even for local development, you should install a firewall - or just learn to use ufw and that should mitigate issues like this.

Edit: looking at your question, it seems that you've munged together two separate solutions to try and get this working. Unfortunately one of the posts you've copied this from has interpreted their quotes incorrectly. Note the curly-double-quotes in the second post, rather than the standard straight quotes: "

It's possible that if you replace them out (or grab better copies) things might work as you expect them to.


Large amount of data trimmed after running fstrim

Yes this is nomal. If calling fstrim first time after reboot, size of all unused blocks is trimmed and reported. This is because "nobody" knows, which blocks are already trimmed before.

Calling fstrim again, it reports only recently freed blocks. This is, because the kernel keeps an eye to trimmed blocks. This information is lost, when rebooting.
The behaviour may change between versions ...

I've watched same behaviour at Debian 8 (Jessie). And wondered, as you ;-)


Should I activate the additional driver: Processor microcode firmware for Intel CPUs for intel-microcode

I suggest activating the driver. There is no potential harm at all.

This driver updates CPU microcode.

If microcode in bios is older than in Ubuntu, it will be updated.

But do not expect any noticeable change.

You can read this for clarification.


The package is of bad quality - google chrome

You get such kind of errors when Ubuntu doesn't trust the package your are installing. This was a known bug and fix has been released for the same.

You can safely click on Ignore and install(Do this only when you trust the package) and the other alternate way is to install the package via command line using

 sudo dpkg -i deb_package_name.deb

But make sure you have the dependencies installed for a clean installation.


The proper way to edit resolv.conf if to add nameserver xxx.xx.xxx.xxx lines to either base, head, or tail files in /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d . They belong to root, but you can edit them with sudo ( or gksu if you prefer graphical text editors ).

Although you ask for editing resolv.conf, there's another way to sent dns in ubuntu that doesn't involve resolv.conf. Look at the line 18 of my /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf file. Line 19 is also a practical way to do it.

1   # Configuration file for /sbin/dhclient, which is included in Debian's
     2  #   dhcp3-client package.
     3  #
     4  # This is a sample configuration file for dhclient. See dhclient.conf's
     5  #   man page for more information about the syntax of this file
     6  #   and a more comprehensive list of the parameters understood by
     7  #   dhclient.
     8  #
     9  # Normally, if the DHCP server provides reasonable information and does
    10  #   not leave anything out (like the domain name, for example), then
    11  #   few changes must be made to this file, if any.
    12  #

    13  option rfc3442-classless-static-routes code 121 = array of unsigned integer 8;

    14  #send host-name "andare.fugue.com";
    15  send host-name = gethostname();
    16  #send dhcp-client-identifier 1:0:a0:24:ab:fb:9c;
    17  #send dhcp-lease-time 3600;
    18  supersede domain-name-servers 208.67.222.222,208.67.220.220,8.8.8.8;
    19  # prepend domain-name-servers 208.67.222.222,208.67.220.220;
    20  request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers,
    21      domain-name, domain-name-servers, domain-search, host-name,
    22      dhcp6.name-servers, dhcp6.domain-search,
    23      netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope, interface-mtu,
    24      rfc3442-classless-static-routes, ntp-servers,

This sets my dns and lets me browse webs (and nnm-tool  command confirms all three dns are used) no matter what i write in my resolv.conf. So try this


Automount NTFS partition like Nautilus do

The fuse mounting done by nautilus has one advantage over system-wide mounts in /etc/fstab: it knows which user is doing the mounting. Assuming you are the only user of your client machine (which is fair enough these days), you can get your numeric UID and GID and default umask with:

$ id
uid=1001(msw) gid=1001(msw) groups=…
$ umask
0002

then you'd add these to the options group in fstab

defaults,uid=1001,gid=1001,umask=077,windows_names,locale=…

it would be wise, but not required to replace defaults with

auto,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec

nautilus assumes that a user mounted partition is "untrusted" so flags them this way. A foreign (i.e. NTFS) partition should probably always be viewed with such suspicion.

added in response to comment:

This is an area where cross-system semantics get weird. The mount.ntfs(8) manual defines fmask and dmask to try to make files created on an NTFS filesystem behave better. Can I ls a directory not owned by me under windows? Should I be able to? Is there any relation between your UID on Linux and Windows? Dunno.

There is a usermapping= option for mount.ntfs which supersedes uid, gid, umask, fmask, and dmask. I suggest you look into that if you want fine control on what files are assigned what permissions. I would check to see that you can even access them from the Windows side before committing too much under a usermapping mount.


You can create a setup script that uses debconf-get-selections and debconf-set-selections to answer the questions asked during installation:

Run the following:

sudo apt-get install -y debconf-utils
echo '#!/bin/sh' > setup.sh
chmod +x setup.sh
echo 'DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y debconf-utils' >> setup.sh
echo "debconf-set-selections << 'END'" >> setup.sh

Install the software on one computer, answering the prompts as you want them to be answered on other computers.
For each package that asks questions during the installation, run the following, replacing [package] with the package name:

sudo debconf-get-selections | fgrep [package] >> setup.sh

Run the following:

echo 'END' >> setup.sh

Run the following, replacing [package] with the main package name (in your question rsyslog-mysql):

echo 'DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y [package]' >> setup.sh

Copy setup.sh to another computer
Run sudo ./setup.sh on another computer to install the software without prompts.


Unable to deactivate touchpad in Ubuntu 16.10

You can use the Gnome extension "TouchPad" which allows you to do it. You have to play a bit with "Indicator Preferences". However is not very stable... If you detach an external mouse is enabling the touchpad if you reattach a mouse then it disables it. However in some cases it doesn't really disable the touchpad and you have to change the mode or take in/out the mouse 2-3 times before it works again!!!

I hope they will find a solution to it soon....


Ubuntu live CD doesn't show Macintosh HD

There wouldn't be anything special to do to mount a HFS+ formatted harddrive in the Ubuntu live environment.

The drivers are included and the drive will be mounted read only by default.

If the drive doesn't show up, it is either defect or something else is wrong with your hardware.

In my case it turned out, that the disk wasn't shown because the SATA cable was broken.


Spaces matter.
Add a space after every colon:
addresses:[10.0.2.15]
becomes
addresses: [10.0.2.15]
nameservers  needs a colon:
nameservers:
And make sure your indentation is right.
example: The gateway4 and nameservers line should line up with the addresses line above it, but you have an extra space.
...
addresses: ...
 gateway4: ...

finally the addresses under nameservers needs another space like this:
nameservers:
  addresses: [...]


What were you trying to install?

It seems to be failing when updating GRUB.

Try booting to a previous kernel, like -56 (from GRUB), and see if you can run "sudo update-grub", without the quotes, in the terminal. If that works, try rebooting to the default kernel -58 or -59.


apt build-dep fails, unable to locate source package, despite deb-src lines present in the /etc/apt/sources.list.d folder

You need to uncomment the deb-src lines in the main sources file /etc/apt/sources.list, not the extra files in /etc/apt/sources.list.d

For example, change:

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
#deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

to

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

Then update the local database:

sudo apt update

and proceed :)


What tool should I use for a bit-by-bit copy of my hard drive?

You need to have some things prepared first:

your original hard-drive from where you will read all the bits (you have this one, obviously);
a separate hard-drive where you will write the backup - this one needs to be already partitioned & formatted and must have ENOUGH free space to host your backup file (if your original hard-drive has 80 GB, you must have at least 80 GB free on a partition of the backup hard-drive to create the backup);
a Linux LiveCD/LiveDVD/LiveUSB to boot from - it must have the "dd" utility. I guess using the CD/DVD/USB you already used to install Ubuntu should be ok.

Steps:

1) make sure both hard-drives are connected to the computer you will be using;

2) boot from the LiveCD/LiveDVD/LiveUSB and check what drive is what - let's say from now on that original drive is sda and backup drive is sdb. Let's also say the backup drive has only 1 partition, sdb1.

3) make sure nothing from sda is mounted;

4) make sure the backup partition (/dev/sdb1) is mounted (let's say to /media/sdb1);

5) you need to run from a terminal the "dd" command like this (it means: "copy bit-by-bit the whole sda hard-drive to file backup.img in /media/sdb1 using a block-size of 1 MB"):

dd if=/dev/sda of=/media/sdb1/backup.img bs=1M

Please know that, depending on your original drive size, step 5) will take less or more (or a lot of) time.

Good luck and let us know what happens!

Note: you can always restore from the backup file by using:

dd if=/media/sdb1/backup.img of=/dev/sda bs=1M

Again, please make sure to check what drive is what - sdb is the backup drive, sda is the drive where the backup will be restored.


Printer connected with Ubuntu 14.04 and rest of the system are running windows

According to this article:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NetworkPrintingWithUbuntu

On the server machine (the one the printer is attached to),
open System -> Administration -> Printing (If the menu item does not exist you need to add system-config-printer to the menu). . This will open the Printer Configuration window.

Select Server in the menu bar, and then Settings. This will open the Basic Server Settings window.
Check the second box:

Publish shared printers connected to this server If this computer acts as both a Print Server and a client (it does need access to a printer connected to another computer), select also the first box, "Show printers shared by other systems"

Right click the printer and check the Shared option, if not checked yet

Check that users that you want to be able to use the printer are not excluded. See Properties>Access Control. The default settings may be set to "deny printing for everyone except ..."

But you might want to "allow printing for everyone".

Ubuntu print server compatible with Windows (Samba)

If your Ubuntu print server shall be able to work also with Windows clients, you must first make sure that the SAMBA package is installed (e.g. using Synaptic package manager). Then, do a little configuration change to SAMBA. In brief, you must uncomment the following lines in /etc/samba/smb.conf - open terminal and run:

 sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

In the [printers] section:

browseable = yes
guest ok = yes

When done, restart Samba:

sudo service smbd restart
sudo service nmbd restart

Also, one would want to allow the following ports through a firewall (ufw for example) via:

sudo ufw allow 139/tcp
sudo ufw allow 445/tcp
sudo ufw allow 137/udp
sudo ufw allow 138/udp


How can I read and edit files from Apple iWork (Keynote, Pages)?

There is no universal "Mac format". Applications have their own file formats for storing data.

An office suite for Ubuntu is LibreOffice. To allow for document exchange, save the file in a format understood by both programs:

Keynote / LibreOffice Impress: .ppt
Pages / LibreOffice Writer: .doc
Numbers / LibreOffice Calc:  .xls


This is happening because when you type in terminal

export http_proxy='http://host:port'
export https_proxy='http://host:port'

You are setting these environment variables only for this terminal session. After you close and open terminal again you start a new terminal session. This is expected behaviour.

If you want to do it globally you can put this two lines of code at the bottom of ~/.profile . Then reboot or reload the .profile file with source ~/.profile


Script to give back highest and lowest cpu temp

I got tired. I think that the problem was in how I saved the values. It seems like, conky made parallel calls to this script, and sometimes, variables won't get saved. So what I did was split all if in different .sh files, and run them separately, and saving the variables to different files


Ubuntu 20.04 best way to make file server?

Install samba apt install samba samba-common-bin it is so simple to do too, edit one file, set password, restart daemon and your done. The nano /etc/samba/smb.conf in the [homes] section change the yes to no like below to have the share read/writable, at the bottom of the file add your share. Then set the password for the user_name you want to be able to access the share with smbpasswd -a user_name and restart samba service smbd restart. All commands run with sudo in front of them in the Terminal application.
 # By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
 # next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
read only = no
snip ....
[share-name]
path = /home/user_name/share_directory
writeable=Yes
create mask=0777
directory mask=0777
public=no

You do not mention if this is local network only access, I would hope so securing server against the bots that scan the internet 24/7 is next to impossible for a normal user.


Install Ubuntu into the hard drive but to chose to boot from USB

Run a live cd/usb(the usb must be other than the one u have to install ubuntu on it) and select the advanced option during installation.Do select the usb as the drive to install Ubuntu and boot loader.The usb should be something above 5GB capacity.Reboot with the USB connected and see system boot from it.It should show a boot menu, from which you could choose windows or Ubuntu to start with.See this page to see how to make USB from Windows.When you create Ubuntu usb by this way, you need to pin this usb whenever you boot your system.


Ubuntu 18.04 - Mount NFS with FQDN not resolving address

To delay nfs mount until newtork is ready, add _netdev to option in the relevant entry in /etc/fstab. Like:

SERVERURL:/nfstest  /home nfs  vers=4,proto=tcp,intr,bg,rdirplus,_netdev  0 0

From mount(8) manpage:

_netdev The filesystem resides on a device that requires network access
(used to prevent the system from attempting to mount these filesystems
until the network has been enabled on the system).


Okay I seem to have solved my issue. I imported the certificate I had from windows and people were able to hear me again. I have no idea why the newer certificate caused this but I guess it doesn't matter as long as the older one doesn't.


Apparently you have to force the pi to ask for NFSv3 otherwise the server defaults to NFSv4.  The fix is done on the pi itself in /boot/cmdline.txt.  Just append ",tcp,v3" to your nfsroot= parameter there.  So my nfsroot is defined as: nfsroot=172.21.4.2:/mnt/pidata/piroot/r54,tcp,v3


To directly answer your question: No, there is no way (as far as I am aware) to make a program to ask for a password instead of failing when it doesn't have enough permissions to perform an operation. There are two options:

Some programs are aware that they need administrative privileges for some operations and ask for a password before doing something (i.e. Software Center asks for a password before installing programs).
Most other programs need to be started with necessary privileges. As it has been mentioned, you need to use sudo [command] (in terminal), gksu [command] (in Gnome/Unity) or kdesu [command] (in KDE) for that.


Realtek 8188ce stops working after 2minutes

I was having similar problems with the same card but seems fine now I have the drivers installed, see here:
How to compile Realtek 8188CE wireless driver on Ubuntu 13.04?


Best way to switch to xserver-xorg-video-nouveau in Ubuntu 20.04?

The easiest way is to remove proprietary Nvidia drivers by
sudo apt purge 'nvidia.*'

The nouveau driver is always installed unless you manually blacklisted it.


Ubuntu 15.04 boot hangs on "Starting light display manager" after updates

Try to go to tty1 (Ctrl+Alt+F1)

Login and purge xorg and lightdm

sudo apt-get purge xorg lightdm

Autoremove whatever's left

sudo apt-get autoremove

Install lightdm and xorg

sudo apt-get install xorg lightdm


UPDATE:

This multiple menu problem is fixed in mysql workbench version 6.3.3. I installed the new version found here:
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/workbench/
I installed the following version Ubuntu Linux 14.10 (x86, 64-bit), DEB.

NOTE: Am am running Ubuntu 15.04. However, I installed the 14.10 version and it works just fine.

:END UPDATE

If you look closely, the menu is not actually doubled. It is actually two separate menus. The first menu is specific to the MySQL Connections home page. The second menu is specific to your open database connection. For example, if you open mysql-workbench, at first you'll only see one menu. Then, if you open a database connection and display an SQL worksheet, the second menu is displayed.

I would probably classify this as a bug because of the redundancy of the two separate menus. However, if you'd like to change the menus, you certainly do so by editing the XML for them here: /usr/share/mysql-workbench/data/main_menu.xml.

One way to do this is to run:

sudo nano /usr/share/mysql-workbench/data/main_menu.xml


After you replaced the line:

#PasswordAuthentication yes

with the line:

PasswordAuthentication no

in /etc/ssh/sshd_config and you saved the file, you have to restart your ssh server using the following command in terminal:

sudo service ssh restart

or:

sudo restart ssh


After a little research, I found a nice way to boot Ubuntu.

Follow the instructions here. It worked very well for me.


ubuntu 18.04 upgrade : only option is kodi. please provide steps to install desktop.

First I would try to run all of your upgrades:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

Then make sure you have gdm3 installed:

sudo apt install gdm3

Then reboot and you should be good to go.


You are free to set it up as you wish, but generally people do one of two configurations:

internet <---------> (nic1) server (nic2) <----------> (nodes)

internet <---------> switch ----- (nodes)
                       |
                       -----> server

The former needs ip_forward turned on in the kernel.

The iLOs can be on their own network or the existing network, it doesn't matter.


Sound mysteriously gone missing (lubuntu 14.04 32bit)

From your alsa-info, the "phone" fader is off (muted): try to unmute it in Alsamixer : launch alsamixer in a terminal, scroll to "phone" with arrow right key , change state fader pressing "m" or space bar.

If it stills bad, you can also try to use pavucontrol (Pulse audio volume control) and try various selections in the "output devices" tab and "profiles" tab.


How do I get rid of the Ubuntu scrollbars and theming in Firefox 46.0?

This appears to be a bug with the GTK3 theme, probably Firefox is using the wrong theme information for the pop-ups and the scroll bar.

I partially fixed this for myself by switching the theme for just Firefox:

GTK_THEME=radiance firefox

You can add this "permanently" by editing the launcher file:

sudo gedit /usr/bin/firefox

and adding the line (after #!/bin/sh):

export GTK_THEME=radiance

It'd probably be a good idea to file a bug against this, but now that I've finally gotten rid of the awful dark menus I'm less motivated to find the root cause of the problem ;)


Inconsistent mouse cursor status while typing

I'd say it is just how a designer decided to write the application there are no set rules for whether a cursor should hide or not.


How to select the two digit word from LibreOffice

I don't know if any options in libreoffice would allow you to perform that action. But the following program would extract the two character words from the csv source file and will save in a result csv file.

You have to edit the source file path and destination file path as per your source file and desired destination file location. Also the source file contains the raw data.

#!/bin/bash
path="/home/bond/source.csv";
for p in `cat "$path"`;
do
word=`echo -n $p | wc -m`;
if [[ $word -eq 2 ]];
then
echo "$p" >> /home/bond/result.csv
else
exec &> /dev/null
fi
done


Update Manager stuck in loop with non-existing update

What is likely happening is that there are newer versions of packages but they cannot be installed because of a conflict with another package or a package marked as held back.

You can run this command to see if you have any manually held packages:

apt-mark showhold

If the list is empty then it's likely that a different package you have installed requires a version of a library or other dependency that keeps the upgrade from happening.

You can run the aptitude tool in the command line to see more information about why packages are not being upgraded and what options are available. This command is similar to apt upgrade but will likely show more information:

sudo aptitude safe-upgrade

You can also run this command which will install the latest packages, although it may remove some packages to do so:

sudo aptitude full-upgrade


Is there any advantage/disadvantage to having far more memory than needed?

The disadvantage might be it cost pennies a day in electricity but that seems trifle considering the cost of your IT department.

The advantage is Linux will keep programs accessed from disk once in RAM so they operate 100 times faster the second time.

Also as already mentioned you'll likely never be slowed down by swap file activity.


Can't install R with sudo apt-get install r-base

I had the same problem, to fix it use

  http://< my.favorite.cran.mirror>/bin/linux/ubuntu trusty/

in the source list.


How to copy Wikipedia formulas to Libreoffice Math?

Wikipedia uses the LaTeX format for formulas.

LaTeX is a popular and powerful language for formatting documents and formulas, and there is a variety of software for Ubuntu that can help edit it, including LyX and TeXStudio and Kile.

LibreOffice Math does not normally support LaTeX equations, but there's an extension for LibreOffice called TexMaths that will allow you to use LaTeX formulas, such as those used on Wikipedia, inside LibreOffice Math.

However, TeXMaths unfortunately does not appear to be available (yet) for the latest 5.x versions of LibreOffice.

Please let me know if this answer was helpful or if you have further questions.

--Nick


How to close/disconnect Citrix Receiver on Ubuntu 14?

When in VPN, press Ctrl + F2 to switch out of VPN.  Locate Citrix in the taskbar, right click, select quit and confirm.


By far, the best tool for the job is RegExr.

The link above will take you to the online version, which is awesome and definitely the best RegEx tool I've ever used.

If you're looking for something you can install in Ubuntu, then try the desktop version, which is an Adobe Air application:


Your problem is that you are specifying a TCP port specification (https://) where commands are expecting a host name. ping uses the ICMP protocol, not TCP. For example:

$ ping -c 3 http://slashdot.org
ping: unknown host http://slashdot.org
$ ping -c 3 slashdot.org
PING slashdot.org (216.34.181.45) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from slashdot.org (216.34.181.45): icmp_seq=1 ttl=242 time=32.6 ms
64 bytes from slashdot.org (216.34.181.45): icmp_seq=2 ttl=242 time=33.2 ms
64 bytes from slashdot.org (216.34.181.45): icmp_seq=3 ttl=242 time=33.8 ms

--- slashdot.org ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2005ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 32.633/33.260/33.880/0.530 ms


ubuntu: can't install sdl1.2-dev due to broken packages

if you don't have it already install synaptic package manager. Now under edit click fix broken packages and follow  the instructions (I am not sure what they are since I don't have broken packages). Afterward you should probably hit apply and you should be OK.


Getting lsinitramfs to boot into an encrypted file system

Ok, I figured it out!

I adapted this guide, mostly just adding stuff until it worked:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedFilesystemOnIntrepid

I modified the files a bit from that guide, but otherwise followed it.

Just in case, I added these modprobe lines to /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-top/cryptoroot:

modprobe -q dm_crypt
modprobe -q sha256_generic
modprobe -q sha256
modprobe -q aes_generic
modprobe -q aes
modprobe -q cbc
modprobe -q xts
modprobe -q aes
modprobe -q aes_x86_64

Which gives:

    PREREQ="udev"

prereqs()
{
        echo "$PREREQ"
}

case $1 in
# get pre-requisites
prereqs)
        prereqs
        exit 0
        ;;
esac
#This line from the Encrypted Entrepid tutorial didn't work for me
#/bin/loadkeys -q /etc/console-setup/boottime.kmap.gz
modprobe -q dm_crypt
modprobe -q sha256
modprobe -q sha256_generic
modprobe -q aes_generic
modprobe -q aes
modprobe -q cbc
modprobe -q xts
modprobe -q aes
modprobe -q aes_x86_64
# The following command will ensure that the kernel is aware of
# the partition before we attempt to open it with cryptsetup.
/sbin/udevadm settle

if grep -q splash /proc/cmdline; then
    /bin/chvt 1
fi
/sbin/cryptsetup luksOpen CRYPTOROOT cryptoroot
if grep -q splash /proc/cmdline; then
       /sbin/usplash -c &
       sleep 1
fi

For the file above (local-top), the CRYPTROOT line needs to be changed.

I used a keyfile, so my line looked like this:

/sbin/cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/disk/by-uuid/xxxx --key-file /my_keyfile.bin cryptoroot

The keyfile isn't necessary. The luksHeader can be opened by a password (just remove the key-file option). That said, if you do include the file, don't use /dev/sdXy.

To /etc/initramfs-tools/hooks/cryptoroot I just added these lines:

# Comment out this line
# cp /etc/console-setup/boottime.kmap.gz ${DESTDIR}/etc/console
# If you add a key-file
# cp /my_keyfile.bin ${DESTDIR}/
copy_exec /bin/loadkeys /bin
copy_exec /bin/chvt /bin
copy_exec /sbin/cryptsetup /sbin
copy_exec /sbin/blkid /sbin
copy_exec /sbin/lsmod /sbin
copy_exec /sbin/cat /sbin
copy_exec /sbin/dmsetup /sbin

Which gives:

PREREQ=""

prereqs()
{
        echo "$PREREQ"
}

case $1 in
prereqs)
        prereqs
        exit 0
        ;;
esac

if [ ! -x /sbin/cryptsetup ]; then
        exit 0
fi

. /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hook-functions

# Comment out this line
# cp /etc/console-setup/boottime.kmap.gz ${DESTDIR}/etc/console
    # If you add a key-file
    # cp /my_keyfile.bin ${DESTDIR}/
    copy_exec /bin/loadkeys /bin
    copy_exec /bin/chvt /bin
    copy_exec /sbin/cryptsetup /sbin
    copy_exec /sbin/blkid /sbin
    copy_exec /sbin/lsmod /sbin
    copy_exec /sbin/cat /sbin
    copy_exec /sbin/dmsetup /sbin

Also all these files must be marked executable.

chmod +x /etc/initramfs-tools/hooks/cryptoroot
chmod +x /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-top/cryptoroot

Add these to /etc/initramfs-tools/modules:

dm_mod
dm_crypt
sha256_generic
sha256_ssse3
aes_generic
cbc
aes_x86_64
xts

It was relatively easy!

Run update-initramfs -u -k all

Then we need to create a custom GRUB entry in my case because os-prober won't detect a file system on BTRFS. The arch entry will help there.

This is what mine looks like:

menuentry "System shutdown" {
        echo "System shutting down..."
        halt
}

menuentry "System restart" {
        echo "System rebooting..."
        reboot
}

menuentry 'Ubuntu Linux try 1' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    load_video
     set gfxpayload=keep
     insmod gzio
     insmod part_msdos
     insmod cryptodisk
     insmod luks
     insmod gcry_rijndael
     insmod gcry_sha256
     insmod btrfs
     insmod ext2
     cryptomount -u [UUID of sdXY]
     set root='cryptouuid/[UUID of sdXY]'
     if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='cryptouuid/[UUID of sdXY]'  [UUID of /dev/mapper/cryptoroot]
     else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root [UUID of /dev/mapper/cryptoroot]
     fi
     echo    'Loading Linux linux-lts ...'
     #I use btrfs so...
     linux    btrfs path    root=UUID=[UUID of /dev/mapper/cryptoroot] rw rootflags=subvol=/btrfs/path/to/root cryptdevice=/dev/disk/by-uuid/[UUID of sdXY]':cryptroot quiet modprobe.blacklist=pcspkr profile
     echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
     initrd  path/initrd.img
    }

    ##I was able to boot without this kernel option but some guides suggested it: ##cryptopts=target=cryptrootname,source=/dev/sdXY

It's official: Ubuntu can boot into Arch's encrypted file system! I did much googling and I'm not sure anyone else had cracked this one, at least not in a few years.


How can I batch convert .rpms to .debs in Ubuntu?

To convert a .rpm file to .deb format,

open the Terminal from CTRL +ALT +T

sudo apt-get install alien
sudo apt-get update

After that, go to the directory where you have saved the .rpm file. To head over to the desired directory, type the command “cd directory name”. Once you are directed to the appropriate directory, enter the command:

Copy the following code to convert .rpm to .deb format.

sudo alien -k filename.rpm

Open the .deb file with ubuntu software centre.

To Convert a .deb file to .rpm

Type the following into the terminal.

sudo alien -r FILE_NAME.deb
NEW_FILE_NAME.noarch.rpm generated


How to log all Bash commands by all users on a server?

For BASH shells, edit the system-wide BASH runtime config file:

sudo -e /etc/bash.bashrc

Append to the end of that file:

export PROMPT_COMMAND='RETRN_VAL=$?;logger -p local6.debug "$(whoami) [$$]: $(history 1 | sed "s/^[ ]*[0-9]\+[ ]*//" ) [$RETRN_VAL]"'

Set up logging for "local6" with a new file:

sudo -e /etc/rsyslog.d/bash.conf

And the contents...

local6.*    /var/log/commands.log

Restart rsyslog:

sudo service rsyslog restart

Log out. Log in. Voila!

But I forgot about log rotation:

sudo -e /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog

There is a list of log files to rotate the same way...

/var/log/mail.warn
/var/log/mail.err
[...]
/var/log/message

So add the new bash-commands log file in that list:

/var/log/commands.log

Save.


Bumblebee is there to allow you to selectively use your GPU. If bumblebee is correctly installed, you can execute -

$ primusrun firefox

and a Firefox process will be started that will use your GPU. This lets you use your GPU only for programs that need it e.g. Games, Video player etc.


head and tail command output together on file

You can use curly braces in bash to combine more than one command and having also their stdout and stderr combined:
{ head -n 5 file1.txt ; tail -n 5 file1.txt ; }

Notice that there is space character between the braces and the commands enclosed within them. That is because { and } are reserved words here (commands built into the shell). They mean group the outputs of all these commands together.
Also notice that the list of commands has to end with a semicolon (;).
If you want to create an "alias" for such a command combination, you can create a function (a simple Bash alias will not work) in your .bash_aliases file like this:
function headtail
{
  head "$@" ; tail "$@"
}

And you can call this function like this, for example:
headtail -n6 file1.txt | wc -l

In the above example, if file1.txt is has at least 6 lines, you will get an output of 12 from the wc command.


3d support on AMD Radeon HD 7800M series video card with 3 displays (Dell M6700)

3D support for the Radeon HD 7000 series in the radeon driver is finally available when combining the Linux 3.9 kernel, Mesa 9.2 and LLVM 3.3.

You have two options:

Wait for the release of Ubuntu 13.10 "Saucy Salamander" on 17th October 2013.  It currently has the 3.10 kernel and might even update to the 3.11 kernel.  They are also planning to pull Mesa 9.2 (currently scheduled for release on 22nd August 2013) into Ubuntu 13.10 - you can monitor that at https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mesa
Install a 3.9 or 3.10 kernel from http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/
Instructions on how to install and uninstall it are available at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/MainlineBuilds
Note that this is more likely to be successful on Ubuntu 13.04 than on earlier Ubuntu versions.  Then install the xorg-edgers PPA to get Mesa 9.2-devel.

P.S.: The xorg-edgers PPA is available at at https://launchpad.net/~xorg-edgers/+archive/ppa


/dev/loop7 and /dev/loop6 created after installing uTorrent

uninstall wine
uninstall utorrent
turn the PC off and on back again
RESOLVED


How to lookup a ip of a domain via a specific DNS?

You can use dig command

 dig -t [option] [name] [server]

Example

 dig -t any askununtu.com 8.8.8.8
 dig -t any askubuntu.com 8.8.4.4

More you can find here

or you can use host

host name server

Example

host askubuntu.com 8.8.8.8

More you can find here

If you have problem to send query to some dns server you can try make connection to that server with command

nc -v -u 10.10.10.10 53

nc - netcat command
v - verbose
u - udp protocol
10.10.10.10 - dns server ip
53 - port

Output will be something like this if work

nc -v -u 10.10.10.10 53
Connection to 10.10.10.10 53 port [udp/domain] succeeded!

Maybe is not allowed to send query except to you internet provider dns server. You must check with your ISP


Nautilus is not showing the full or folder file names

The simplest thing would be to go to preferences:

and remove the 'Location column:

I have encountered this problem myself, and it can be rather annoying...


CUDA 10.1 Update 2 is compatible to gcc 7.3.0, mine is 7.4.0, is this the cause the installation failed?

Open a new terminal environment with Ctrl+Alt+F2 and login as root.
Stop the display manager in order to stop the X server and install the drivers successfully.

For me:

service gdm3 stop

To find out your display manager, you can try running

pgrep -l dm

Follow these steps for cleaning:

apt-get --purge -y remove 'cuda*'

apt-get --purge -y remove 'nvidia*'

apt autoremove -y

apt-get clean

reboot

Go to the CUDA download site. Click on Linux -> x86_64 -> Ubuntu -> 18.04 -> Deb (local) And follow the Installation Instructions.


Launching a Ruby Script from the bash does not work, even with the shebang

Please make sure that line endings are unix style in your source file and the source doesn't start with the byte order mark. Byte order mark is a three hex number sequence ( 0xef 0xbb 0xbf) which are invisible through any editor. refer to this StackOverflow question for a solution to byte order mark problem. and use dos2unix for line endings conversion.


Cannot Boot Into Ubuntu with Windows 10 Dual Boot

The default device bootloader (for x64 architectures) is (on the hard disk EFI partition) /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi, so assuming you have the proper grub installation in /EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi, copy (and rename) that grubx64.efi to the /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi.  Try that to boot grub from the hard disk. (To check the EFI partition (assumed to be sda1 below), mount it somewhere,like /mnt and look:

  sudo mount -tvfat /dev/sda1 /mnt
  ls /mnt
  ls /mnt/EFI/Boot

If you are using secure boot, copy/rename /EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi to /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi file, and also copy without renaming grubx64.efi there too (so shim can find it).


How are you attempting to install it? Did you double click the TTF, then "Install Font"? If so, did it seem to install without issue? Can you find the font in any of the folders where fonts are usually placed? (See "Fonts" on the Ubuntu Wiki). If you can't find the font there, try moving it there manually.


Synaptics touchpad moves a few dots when tapping

I noticed this question is posted frequently without solutions being given. The problem makes the touchpad difficult to use, it is a serious problem.

In the end I found a solution (for a Dell XPS 15). It is all about the setting for FingerPress. When not set explicitly, the value is 256, which is way too high (value can be checked by typing "synclient -l". You can set it to a more reasonable value manually by doing "synclient FingerPress=100". I found it also better to increase the values for FingerLow and FingerHigh a bit.

Of course you will want to make the setting permanent, so that it will survive a reboot. In that case you need to put the setting in /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf (see e.g. How to configure the touchpad middle click? how to do that).

I hope Ubuntu can improve auto configuring of different type of synaptics touchpads to a next level, for most users it is hard to solve.


Google Chrome initial links typed into address bar lost into the ether?

Chrome just hasn't finished loading. Another thing is that you might be running a older version - you should be updating every few weeks.

You can also report this as a bug here at the Chromium project (The open source version of Google Chrome).


Remove Default gnome session from Ubuntu 18.04

sudo apt remove ubuntu-session

will remove the GNOME session.

sudo apt autoremove

will then remove the packages which are no longer needed.
Please note that you need some other session installed, or you will have no graphical desktop at all. If you upgraded from an older ubuntu version, you likely have the Unity desktop installed. If not,

sudo apt install unity-session

will do that.


Choosing the correct architecture for intel core i3-7100U processor

Every main-series (so the kind you'd find in your average computer) Intel processor is based off of the 8086 standard, as opposed to ARM or PowerPC. Meaning, our only two choices here will be amd64 and i386.

Now, the difference between these is whether we want 64-bit support or not. The vast majority of modern computers now have 64-bit support, so we'd usually almost always want to choose amd64. There are very specific reasons to choose i386, but almost none of them apply to the standard home user (for example, i386 will limit the number and type of applications you can run, and will cap you at 4GB of RAM).

However, just for the sake of completeness, let's check the ARK page for your processor. If we look at it, we can see that this processor is Intel-64 supported, meaning we can run the 64-bit OS (amd64).

The other architectures are rarely used in desktop computers, so we can usually ignore them. But, as we've already gone down the road of completeness:

armhf: This is known as ARMv7, and has been (in most cases) deprecated in favor of the new ARMv8 spec. This is primarily used in mobile/SoC-type devices, such as phones or IoT devices like your smart fridge or a Raspberry Pi.
arm64: ARM64 (also known as ARMv8 or aarch64) is the next generation of ARM processors that support a full 64-bit instruction set. It is still primarily used in mobile and SoC applications, but it is slowly starting to breach the "full" computer environment, especially as it's very power-light and an open spec.
powerpc: PowerPC is a very old processor architecture created by IBM and Motorola. It was famously used in older Apple computers. Currently, the primary use of PowerPC is in the realm of enterprise-grade applications and servers. However, some people will still use old PowerPC computers (e.g. old Macs) for lightweight servers or computers.
ppc64el: PowerPC's original spec did not support the 64-bit instruction set (though was later added in the PowerPC 620 processor), which was critical for enterprise applications dealing with large amounts of data. As such, ppc64el was created for use by enterprise servers.
s390x: IBM System Z is very rarely used outside of heavy datacenters. It describes a processor architecture used by IBM's mainframe line of servers. Finding a home computer running this architecture would be impossible.

TL;DR: If you have a reasonably modern computer and don't know what to install, use amd64.


Ubuntu 15.04 no wired internet connection after update

It is your dns server problem. Try adding dns servers manually.

nmcli connection edit double tab here and choose your connection

( If you don't know which one is your active connection you can ran : nmcli connection show --active )

set ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
save
quit

nmcli connection down you connection
nmcli connection up your connection

if this wont help disable auto dns :

set ipv4.ignore-auto-dns yes
save
quit

down and up your connection

Temporary you can paste to /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

Look for Name Resolution section :
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/network-configuration.html


Cannot create Chrome controlled person - add person screen hangs forever

I found a solution. It's either a bug or intentional feature, but in any case, I did not get any warning so it's got to be a bug.

Anyhow, it happened that I had 2 users' screens open i.e. Person 1 had open screens, as well as Person 2. So when I tried to create Person 3 supervised account, I got the but I mentioned in the post.

I fixed it by closing 1 person thus leaving only 1 person's screens activated. I was able to create supervised user in a matter of seconds.


"Startup Disk Creator" doesn't see my USB Hard Disk

You could always do this the command line way.

Unmount the drive first

sudo umount /dev/sdb1

then you'll need to use DD to write your ISO to the drive:

sudo dd if=/path/to/file.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=1M

be sure to get the correct path, and change sdb to whatever your external drive is mounted as.


You are trying to run a 32-bit binary on a 64-bit system. You need to delete the link you created, and instead install libncurses5:i386 so that you have the 32-bit version installed as well. It should be ported to Multi-Arch in 12.40, but you may have problems with some libraries and applications as not all of them are ported on 12.04.


How can I downgrade to an older Opera version?

You can control which versions of packages are installed by creating version pins. You will need to add an entry to /etc/apt/preferences:

 Package: <package>
 Pin: <pin definition>
 Pin-Priority: <pin's priority>

By specifying Pin-Priority you can control if a package going to be replaced by a newer version when the latter comes out etc. A negative priority would prevent a package from being ever installed - I think that's what you could use in your case, if you want to skip a particular version:

 Package: opera
 Pin: 11.51
 Pin-Priority: -1

I didn't test it, but I think uninstalling opera, then creating a version pin and then installing it again would install an older version, and then upgrade it to a newer one when it's available.

You can read the documentation for more details. Typing man apt_preferences in terminal would also give you some info.

Of course, removing the PPA and managing versions manually is also an option, but where's fun in that? :)


Nasty CPU spikes that aren't connected to any visible processes

"the CPU gets to 80-90% busy across all cores for about 5 minutes"

That much usage would possibly enable you to pinpoint the culprit by using pidstat available in the sysstat package.

Simply run pidstat -u | sort -nr -k 7,7 | head -10 and the process that used the most CPU should be the top line.


Copying bookmarks from a crashed Ubuntu disk?

If you didn't encrypt you home folder, take out that drive and insert it as a secondary drive into a Windows Computer. Windows ignores Linux permissions.


Why do all my accounts (on my computer) passwords look the same?

It is simply to obfuscate the real password length, see it as a part of a security feature.


Accidently lost /home during shrinking process with resize2fs

df -h shows the available space on the mounted file systems only. So it would be normal not to see a partition you unmounted in order to resize it.
List your available partitions with the command
lsblk -fs

You can see the current devicename and UUID of the partitions. Both can be used to refer to the devices to mount the partition, e.g.
sudo mount UUID="<UUID>" /tmp

to mount the file system to the directory /tmp.
If the UUID of your /home partition has not been changed during the resize operation, it will automatically be mounted again on the next boot. Else, you will need to update the UUID in your /etc/fstab configuration file with the new UUID of the partition.


What is the difference between indicators and a system tray?

Basically, The system tray is an application running on a given X screen that can display small icons provided by running applications. Windows XP calls this feature the notification area. The concept of System Tray is very well documented by freedesktop.org.

Here is the documention for indicators:

http://developer.ubuntu.com/resources/technologies/application-indicators/
http://developer.ubuntu.com/api/ubuntu-12.04/c/indicate/
http://developer.ubuntu.com/api/ubuntu-12.04/c/appindicator/

Indicators are ways to group applications that have some similarity - or belong to a family of applications with a degree of similarity - in a single system tray, improving usability. Let me try to use an illustrative image:

This indicator works as a proxy (central point sounds better) to different applications that keep a similarity: all are related with communications. You can use the same indicator to open and send emails, or to chat with some friends, browser your contact, or access twitter. All indicators are groups of system trays.

BTW, I really like the idea of group system tray tasks into the same indicator. It's a huge usability improvement :-)


figured it out :), had to change the hosts file permissions by executing the following:-

sudo chown user:localohost hosts


Change font size in Xfce Terminal using Ctrl + mouse wheel?

No, this is not possible. You may want to file a feature request on Xfce's bug tracker.


How to make Banshee show up in the sound menu / topicons?

When you're playing a media file, basic controls (pause/next/previous) appear in the calendar & notification tray which can be accessed by clicking on the time indicator at the top bar.

(screenshot source)

You can use the pause button to pause the track currently playing.


Nvidia logo appears for a split second then back to console login

Looks like I was close. After installing the proprietary drivers, I had to blacklist the noveau drivers. Here's what I did:

Edit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Add the following lines:

blacklist nouveau
blacklist lbm-nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0
alias nouveau off
alias lbm-nouveau off

Now restart and you should now have the nvidia drivers load and stay loaded.


How to determine which network interface VPN is connecting through?

Here are some possibilities:

netstat -r will provide you with a breakdown of your network connections and the gateways.  In most cases the one with the gateway 0.0.0.0 is likely the device through which the VPN will be active.
sudo netwatch -e tun0 -nt will also provide useful information for monitoring device behavior. You could attempt to use telnet to send a quick message and monitor the eth0 and wlan0 using netwatch and see which sends the text in an encrypted format.
last resort: list devices using nmcli c. Get the long device {UUID#} from the list then turn one off using nmcli c down {UUID#} and see which one breaks your VPN tunnel. Restore with nmcli c up {UUID#} You could use chron to automatically reissue the nmcli c up {UUID#} or restart to ensure it comes back up after a given period--provided the VPN is setup to automatically reconnect to the interface.

Best Luck!


Simple scan not working after upgrading to 12.10 (Xubuntu)

I had the same issue. Open the HPlib toolbox and remove the printer and then reinstall it via the toolbox.


How do I copy udev rules to the right place? Likely a simple question, but I cannot find a tutorial or anything on how to do it

One way is to use plain old cp (copy):

sudo cp /path/to/your/50-ds4drv.rules /etc/udev/

Another way is to copy the text into a new file

sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/50-ds4drv.rules
Paste the text into the file. (Note: CTRL+V won't work)
Use CTRL+X to end and save your nano session.


You should install daemonocle

sudo pip install daemonocle

You should use python-3.5 not the other Python version.

ls -la /usr/bin/python3

    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      33  3月 28 16:37 /usr/bin/python3 -> /home/alex/.pyenv/shims/python3.5


The solution came from here: Fn+<Cam> which on my machine is Fn+F6.  "[h]itting the web camera function key on the laptop adds/removes the device in hardware as if it has been physically connected/disconnected."  Once I did that, I got these findings:

$ ls -l /dev/video*
crw-rw----+ 1 root video 81, 0 Jun 28 21:38 /dev/video0

$ lsmod | ack '^video\b'
video                  40960  2 i915,msi_wmi

Thank you very much.

Jim Keenan


I think you need to run it as ./Mixbus32C-5.1.0-x86_64-gcc5.run (note the ./ in front of the filename).


Can you access your windows 7?

if you can, and you don't insist on repairing grub. You can use Easy BCD. Download the free version of program and install it on your windows 7. It can automatically find your GRUB2 options and add them to windows boot menu. It's very easy, you can figure it out. I've used it many times for similar situations. Works like a charm.


Start by going to ubuntu.com. On the homepage, scroll down and click the red "Get Ubuntu Now" button.

Under "Ways to get Ubuntu", select "Download and Install".

This will take you to a page where you can choose which version of Ubuntu you want to download and then download it. You need to download the right version of Ubuntu for your computer, 32 bit or 64 bit. 64-bit is much faster than 32-bit if your computer can support it. While in Windows, open the Start Menu. Right-click on the word "Computer" and click Properties.

In the window that opens, under the system category, note the "system type". If the type is listed as 32-bit operating system, select the 32-bit option from the dropdown menu on ubuntu.com, then click Start Download. If your system is 64-bit, select the 64-bit option from the dropdown and click "Start Download".

Once the ISO file has finished downloading, open Windows Explorer and find the downloaded file. It should be in your "Downloads" folder unless you chose to save it somewhere else. Once you locate the file, right click on it, click the "Open With..." option and then select "Windows Disc Image Burner".

Make sure you have the right CD burner selected, and that the "Verify Disc After Burning" box is checked. Click burn, go get a cup of coffee, and come back.
Once the disc has finished burning, eject the disc and shutdown the computer. Put the disc into the drive and press the power button. Now, you'll notice that somewhere on the screen displaying your computer manufacturer's logo, usually off in a corner of the screen, some text saying which key you need to press to enter additional boot options.
On my computer, which is an HP laptop, it says "ESC Pause Startup". On some computers, it's F12 or F2 or ESC, etc. and the key you have to press varies from computer to computer. Once you know what key to press, press that key before the computer reaches the "Starting Windows" screen. The screen that you reach will vary from computer to computer, in my case the screen looks like this:

Some computers will enter directly into computer setup, some will provide you with an option to boot from the CD or DVD drive without changing settings in the BIOS. The process to get a computer to boot from the CD or DVD drive varies greatly from computer to computer, but is relatively straightforward. Refer to the documentation for your computer on the manufacturer's website if you need any additional assistance.
When you get the computer to successfully boot from the CD containing Ubuntu, you should first get a screen with a stick figure and a keyboard. Press any key at this point to change the installer language, otherwise, to leave it to the default English, don't press anything. After that for several minutes, depending on the speed of your CD/DVD drive and of your computer, you should see a screen like this:

Be patient while the computer loads Ubuntu from the CD. When the loading has completed, you should arrive at a screen similar to the one below:

Once this screen has loaded, click "Install Ubuntu". The next screen:

Be sure that all the requirements are met. If you need to connect through Wi-Fi because you want to be able to download updates during the installer, saving you the need to update afterwards, then use the Wifi Menu in the top left corner of the screen.
In the next screen, you can select whether or not you want to dual boot, since you do, select "Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7". Click Forward.

You can then select how much space you want to devote to Ubuntu by clicking and dragging the separator. When done, click "Install Now".

The rest of the installer is very self explanatory. It will guide you through naming your computer and creating a new user account, as well as giving you the option to import settings and files from your Windows account. Have fun with your new Ubuntu installation!


Sudo doesn't work: "/etc/sudoers is owned by uid 1000, should be 0"

Change the owner back to root:
pkexec chown root:root /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.d -R

Or use the visudo command to ensure general correctness of the files:
pkexec visudo


How I can give permission of written my folder in ubuntu?

Several things to note here:

Don't run Ubuntu as root user, and definitely don't run sublime as root.
The name seen in the command line represents the following:

[USERNAME]@[HOSTNAME]:[PATH][SYMBOL]

To get out of root account use the command: exit, then ENTER

Now in your case after chatting I decided to use the environmental variable $USER to change the ownership of that folder in question. So to fix that folder's permission:

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /home/sommer/Desktop/examples/jquery

With that and running from the normal user account your sublime editor should be able to edit that folder contents.

See here for more.


How to implement a last resort physical reset button for resetting kiosk app?

I am setting up kiosk machines for a project and the best way to do it is to install OpenSSH on the kiosk machine.  When the browser locks up you or someone can SSH into the machine and reboot it or stop/start Chrome from the terminal.  You could probably script the restart on the users machine so all they have to do is double-click to get it to run.


The option is -l, and the library you're looking for is gtest. Where did you read about unavailability? A reliable site? Also, without knowing which version of Ubuntu you're running, one cannot reliably discuss software (un)availibility. On my Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS, there are several choices:

$ apt-cache search gtest
autopkgtest - automatic as-installed testing for Debian packages
lxc-tests - Linux Containers userspace tools (test binaries)
debian-policy - Debian Policy Manual and related documents
gnome-desktop-testing - runner for GNOME installed tests
gtester2xunit - Helper for converting gtester xml output to xunit.
libdist-zilla-plugin-podspellingtests-perl - Backward-compatibility wrapper around Dist::Zilla::Plugin::Test::PodSpelling
libdist-zilla-plugin-test-podspelling-perl - Author tests for POD spelling
libgtest-dev - Google's framework for writing C++ tests - header files
libxorg-gtest-data - X.Org dummy testing environment for Google Test - data
libxorg-gtest-dev - X.Org dummy testing environment for Google Test - headers
libxorg-gtest-doc - X.org dummy testing environment for Google Test - documentation
pkg-perl-autopkgtest - collection of autopktest scripts for Perl packages
python-nose-timer - timer plugin for nosetests - Python 2.x
python3-nose-timer - timer plugin for nosetests - Python 3.x

And yes, it looks like you've found an undocumented dependency.


"b43.blacklist", successful boot - what next for working wireless?

Thanks for the answers - it seems that the need to blacklist b43 was temporary, just to allow the OS to install without hanging.

Following the instructions here carefully (my card is the BCM4318), it let me in to install/reinstall b43, restart and boot from the hard drive without a problem. Success!


You need to open port on your modem/router. This is usually done by your client (which one ?) automatically with UPnP. If not, you need to do it yourself. Check the doc of your torrent client.

For transmission, it's in edit/preferences/network and check "use UPnP or NAT-PMP on the router". this should be the default.

Edit:
You could check if the port is open in transmisssion. Just click the "Check the port button". It should be ok from what you said.


Ubuntu 14.04 detects my monitor as a built in display

Did you install your propertier drivers for your graphics card ? incase you run a nvidia gpu here's a link to linux driver download. gpu


How do I install Grub Customizer on Ubuntu 20.04?

What happens is the ppa doesn't support Ubuntu Focal, so you need to remove the external first.

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt update

The good news is, grub-customizer exist on default repository.

sudo apt install grub-customizer


How to reduce the amount of RAM Genymotion uses?

You should reduce the memory from the settings of virtualbox.
1. open virtualbox and select emulator
2. press setting and go to system tab
3. assign the memory to what you want. I just give the emulator 200MB and it works Ok.


@steeldriver Thank you! That helped!

Also, I have come across 2 resources that have been particularly helpful: the CRAN-supported Ubuntu package install page and this other post on AskUbuntu.

Thank you for your help!


Is there any way I can install Windows games on Ubuntu?

Free solution

There are several ways to run Windows games on Ubuntu. You could try Play On Linux, which is a front end of Wine. It is more user friendly to install a good number of windows games on Ubuntu.

Not only Play On Linux, you could also try Stream. Recently, Valve games released a native Ubuntu client of Stream. This'll help you to play a lot of popular windows games on Ubuntu.

Lastly, you can also try Wine separately. To get a detailed list of supported games by Wine click here

And importantly, you can install all these applications from Ubuntu Software Center, along with using commands in Terminal.

Paid solution

Along with free solution you can also choose paid solution, if you want. Crossover Linux is very good paid solution. They have different type of packages with professional support.


How to remove Windows after install WUBI?

I was in the same situation two weeks ago.
I found out that the best thing is to do a clean installation of Ubuntu.
It seems to be more stable apparently.

Edit: Check this How to remove Windows 7 from alongside with 12.04


sumo simulator is showing "SUMO_HOME variable not set" and "unable to connect"

The first one is a warning only. If you want to get rid of it, do something like

export SUMO_HOME=/home/sumo-0.30.0/sumo/


Port Forwarding rule to make local machine accessible through WAN

All settings in the modem / router are correct, and you can ssh from internally to your host meaning that your ssh / dropbear is working.  The issue is not your internal network or modem.  Unfortunately, your ISP has a hardened firewall not allowing forwarding traffic into your network making it so you cannot access your host externally.


Ubuntu 16.04 - How to disable Nvidia driver from GRUB?

I got it to work!

Here's what I did:

Booted into recovery mode with root cmd prompt.
Mounted the drive with "mount --options remount,rw /"
Purged the drivers with "sudo apt-get purge nvidia-*"
At this point I was able to boot into Ubuntu, went to "Additional Drivers" and selected the latest available Nvidia driver.
Even after install, the driver wasn't see my card.  I had to go to tty1 (CTRL+ALT+F1) and run "sudo service lightdm restart".  My screen flickered a few times and then came back up in my monitor's native resolution.

Hope this helps others who are stuck.


How to swap X-Server with Emacs org-mode?

By default tty2 is occupied by init for getty. You can probably change this by removing /etc/init/tty2.conf, but that was too adventurous for me and the instructions here are for tty9 instead (which is by default unallocated).

First, put these commands to ${HOME}/bin/orgmode.sh or other file:

#!/bin/bash

TTY=/dev/tty9
USER=pschmidt

/usr/bin/sudo chown ${USER}.tty ${TTY}
/usr/bin/sudo chmod 620 ${TTY}
( /usr/bin/sudo -u ${USER} /usr/bin/emacs -t ${TTY} -nw ) &
/usr/bin/sudo chvt 9

(Use a different value for USER as necessary.)

Then, execute this bash command (not sure what you meant by register):

sudo time getty -n -l "${HOME}/bin/orgmode.sh" tty9 230400

Some caveats:

The time command (or a similar dummy) is needed to prevent sudo terminal rearrangements from placing emacs on your current terminal
The speed value of 230400 is there only because getty requires it, other values probably work also
If sudo needs to ask your password and that messes up things, you can first run sudo echo and then the above command.


try to use this in terminal sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdb2


Firefox suspicious subprocess (turned out to be legitimate FF behavior)

This is related to multi-process feature of Firefox, go through the following official link.

https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/1147868#answer-938004

There are many other Linux threads on this, with same output as you posted, all related to multi-process feature of Firefox.


Failed to load session "ubuntu" - Ubuntu 13.10 on MacBook Pro

I had a problem because I also had cinnamon installed on my system. I could login after removing cinnamon by running the following

  sudo apt-get remove --purge cinnamon*

and then

  sudo apt-get autoremove

Logout, and then login toNow it all works fine in default session.


How to route traffic to subdomain.example.com where example.com is a local server and subdomain is a different device

You can perform this with an reverse proxy. Apache can handle this with the mod_proxy.

Here is an configuration example :

<VirtualHost *:80>
  ProxyPreserveHost On
  ProxyRequests Off
  ServerName subdomain.domain.com
  ProxyPass / http://yourrealhost.com/
  ProxyPassReverse / http://yourrealhost.com/
</VirtualHost>

You can even redirect to another port just by setting http://yourrealhost.com:3000/in the ProxyPass and ProxyPassReverse.


Write ISO on DVD in Ubuntu 16.04 Live USB (non-persistent)

With LiveCDs since they are not persistent, you can still make changes but only temporary ones.  LiveCDs do not come with repositories enabled by default so most applications cannot be installed.  However, you can add repositories for temporary usage.  Then you can install the applications.

From a terminal type in the following:

sudo bash -c 'echo "deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe" >> /etc/apt/sources.list'
sudo bash -c 'echo "deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe" >> /etc/apt/sources.list'

Then all you should have to do is the updates then install the application.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install brasero


How to copy a certain file several times with a regular ending?

You could do something like

< file tee file-{001..200}

however if the medium becomes unreadable it will not matter how many copies are on it - fundamentally backups require diversity.

Note that tee writes its standard input to standard output as well as to each of the given files - for large files, or for files containing binary data or other special characters that may interfere with your terminal settings, you will probably want to dump standard output to the bit bucket

< file > /dev/null tee file-{001..200}


Ephemeral error message: "cryptsetup: unknown fstype, bad password or options?"

This seems to be a bug caused by a race condition:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/cryptsetup/+bug/1481536

While an official patch does not seem to be released yet, several patches are discussed and uploaded to PPAs.


Missing compiler error in QtCreator and Qt5.1.0 on Lubuntu 13.04

The OP solved the problem by installing build-essential.
To install it just type the following command.

sudo apt-get install build-essential


The 'grub-efi-amd64-signed' package failed to install target/

Try this if it makes sense to you:

Boot Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in testing mode and open terminal
Run installation process without installing boot loader by:

sudo ubiquity -b

Press Continue testing after installation is over.
Mount the newly installed file system into /mnt:

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo mkdir /mnt/boot/efi
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done

(Where sda2 is the root partition and sda1 is the EFI partition.)
Load the efivars module by:

sudo modprobe efivars

Reinstall grub-install for a 64-bit version:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall grub-efi-amd64-signed
sudo grub-install --no-nvram --root-directory=/mnt

Change root to /mnt and update Grub:

sudo chroot /mnt
update-grub

Move and rename the installed boot loader:

cd /boot/efi/EFI
cp -R ubuntu/* BOOT/
cd BOOT
cp grubx64.efi bootx64.efi

Reboot the system.


minicom: cannot open /dev/ttyUSB3: Device or resource busy

You have two options:

Use minicom with sudo.
Add your user to the dialout group by

sudo usermod -aG dialout $USER

Logout and login. After that you'll be able to reach your modem without sudo.


First, to escape by first error (!/tm/local/bin/bash: not found), change !/tm/local/bin/bash with #!/bin/bash. See here more about shebang (what it is, how to use it, examples).

Second, if you set executing permissions to the script, then run it only using /home/tm/raid-sync.sh at the prompt (without sh in front).

Third, the /sys directory in Linux is deceptive. Unlike most other directories, it does not provide persistent storage for arbitrary files and because of this you don't have permission to write even if you are root. See this answer for more info.


Try disabling the internet connection while installing. This may very well be because of time-zone conflict if you're not in an area which follows UTC.

Windows assumes the hardware clock is giving your local time, whereas *nix systems assume it's giving the UTC time. So if you have internet on and you're not in the UTC zone, there will be a conflict between the current time of  your selected zone (gotten from the internet) and the hardware clock.

Once you have successfully installed Ubuntu you'll most probably face another issue if you have automatic time update on. After switching between Windows and Ubuntu you'll find the system clock in at least one of the operating systems is off by ±(UTC - your local time).

You may consult this Q&A to fix this issue:
Clock time is off on dual boot


Syncing apt-get installations between multiple computers

I don't know if there is a better way (there probably is), but depending on the scale you need, you could use aptitude's search feature for part of the machinery. It lets you search for packages matching a pattern. So, aptitude search '~i' gives you all installed packages

We need to go a step further, though. The packages manager likes to know which packages were directly requested by you and which ones were just pulled in because of other packages. Without that information, ugly stuff can happen. So, we can expand on that search pattern to select packages that are not automatically installed: aptitude search '!~M ~i'

The search feature is covered in some detail in Aptitude's reference manual.

Now, you have your list of packages to install. You can format the output as necessary by passing the -F flag to that command, like -F '%p' to get a list with just package names.

For example, you could run this on machine 1:

aptitude -F "%c %p" --disable-columns search '!~M ~i' | awk -F " " '{ print "apt-get -y install " $2 }' > aptshell.sh

Then copy the newly created aptshell.sh file over to machine 2 and and use this command on machine 2 to run it there:

sudo sh aptshell.sh

Then repeat the process, with the original machine 2 as the new machine 1, and the original machine 1 as the new machine 2. Now each machine has all the packages that were formerly only on the other.


How to stop OSSEC HIDS sending me level 2 alerts?

For say if you want to get only alerts greater than 8 you can filter that by adding the below snippet in your server's ossec.conf file,

-email_alerts-
-level-8-/level-
-/email_alerts-

Not sure why couldn't use <> symbols use <> instead of - for opening and closing brackets
This will help to trigger alerts levels of 8 and 8+.