The script is needlessly complicated. You could do:

croncmd='5 1 * * * sudo /usr/local/sbin/mysqlFullBackup.sh > /var/log/mysql/mysqlFullBackupCron.log 2>&1'

if ! crontab -l | egrep -v '^(#|$)' | grep -Fq "$croncmd"
then
    ( crontab -l; echo "$croncmd" ) | crontab -
fi

When you do echo $(crontab -l; echo "$croncmd"), without any quotes, the contents will be subjected to field-splitting and wildcard expansion when the shell expands it. So any * in it will expanded to the filenames in the current directory, for example:

$ echo $(echo "*")
bin Desktop dev Documents Downloads examples.desktop Music Pictures Public snap Templates Videos

It's easier and simpler to use a compound command - ( crontab -l; echo "$croncmd" )" and send the output tocrontab` directly, without using an additional echo.

Also with grep, you don't want grep to treat 5 1 * as a regular expression, so use the -F option.


Add open with vscode to context menu in Ubuntu

wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cra0zy/code-nautilus/master/install.sh | bash

Just run this in your terminal and it will add open with VSCode in context menu for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.
Source: Crazy0's GitHub Repository
Edit 1: Works for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS as well.
Edit 2: Works for Ubuntu 20.10 LTS as well.


How to check a program that currently using connection?

You can see currently active TCP connections with the command:

netstat --tcp -np

You might need to run this as root or use sudo in order to get information on the process using the TCP connection. Note that just because a process has a TCP connection open, does not mean that it is causing a problem for other network access.

Greg


How to reboot automatically and run terminal command(s) on startup?

You need to create a startup script for the minecraft. The mine craft wiki tells you how to do this:
http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Tutorials/Ubuntu_startup_script

Basically you put a configuration file (provided on that page) in /etc/init/. It also suggested that you crate a new 'minecraft' user so that the minecraft server runs as that user rather than as root.

As far as rebooting, you should need to reboot Ubuntu often. My Ubuntu computers (at home and work) are usually up for a month or more between reboots. You probably don't want to automate reboots, because then it could reboot while you are doing something on the computer.


Can I install Ubuntu Touch to Samsung Tab 8.9 Lte?

Not according to Ubuntu's wiki, no. https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Devices


What is the role of the .ICEauthority file?

Basically ICE is a inter process communication protocol, with authentication, protocol negotiation and potentially multiplexing built in.

  It allows two X clients to talk directly to each other, for example, a video player program could potentially talk to a jukebox program to update each other.

  As Richard Holloway says, the .ICEAuthority file is for authentication. It contains a number of random cookies. If two programs have the same cookie, then they're allowed to talk to each other. In practice this either means that they're reading the same .ICEAuthority file, or the cookies have been added.

  In a lot of ways it's similar to the xauth program & the .Xauthority file, except that .ICEAuthority is used for client to client, while .Xauthority is for client to server.

SOURCE: https://serverfault.com/questions/119580/what-is-iceauthority-file-in-opensuse-11-2

For detailed info on what ICE is and what it does, you can download this pdf file.

For more info, look at this question: What are "unknown" file types?


Selecting intel graphics makes my system crash at boot

I had the same problem with the same laptop
just update your kernel to >= 4.15.0-29-generic
and Nvidia drivers to Nvidia-390


How to install wayland on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS?

**** Warning : The below commands may break your system. Use it with caution****

You can use Wayland Daily build ppa (extremely unstable)for installing latest Wayland on your system. since it's only for testing/experimentation there is a high probability that you will break your system

Steps to install

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:wayland.admin/daily-builds
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install weston xwayland

open terminal and run

weston

This will launch weston inside X

if you want the full experience, open virtual terminal (alt+ctrl+f1) and use command

weston-launch

Note : Wayland works better with opensouce video drivers. Wayland may or may not work on proprietary video drivers.

To remove experimental wayland/weston from your system use

ppa-purge ppa:wayland.admin/daily-builds


Remote control to my Android mobile Without internet

This looks promising. It shows both how to do it over WiFi and over USB.

Edit: This might actually be better, since I assume (from the title) that you actually want to control the mobile.


How can I fix this dependency issue that broke Makerware with my last update?

I installed aptitude and got these proposed solutions:

$ sudo aptitude install makerware
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  avrdude{a} conveyor{a} conveyor-common{a} conveyor-ui{a} libarmadillo4{a}
  libarpack2{a} libboost-program-options1.54.0{a} libcoin80{a} libdap11{a}
  libdapclient3{a} libdigitizer{a} libepsilon1{a} libfreexl1{a} libftdi1{a}
  libgdal1h{a} libgeos-3.4.2{a} libgeos-c1{a} libgraphicsmagick3{a}
  libhdf4-0-alt{a} libhdf5-7{a} libjsoncpp0{a} libkml0{a} libmbqtutils{a}
  libmysqlclient18{a} libnetcdfc7{a} libogdi3.2{a} libopenmesh-3.2{a}
  libopenscenegraph99{a} libopenthreads14{a} libpq5{a} libproj0{a}
  libqt5multimedia5{ab} libqt5multimediawidgets5{a} libspatialite5{a}
  libthing{a} libtinything{a} libtoolpathviz{a} liburiparser1{a}
  libxerces-c3.1{a} libxine2{a} libxine2-bin{a} libxine2-doc{a}
  libxine2-ffmpeg{a} libxine2-misc-plugins{a} libxine2-plugins{a}
  makerbot-driver{a} makerware mb-libjsonrpc{a} mb-libopencv2.4{a}
  mb-libstdc++6{a} mb-libvtk5.10{a} mb-pyserial{a} miracle-grue{a}
  mysql-common{a} proj-bin{a} proj-data{a}
0 packages upgraded, 56 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 206 MB/206 MB of archives. After unpacking 340 MB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libqt5multimedia5 : Depends: qtbase-abi-5-2-1 which is a virtual package.
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

     Keep the following packages at their current version:
1)     libqt5multimedia5 [Not Installed]
2)     libqt5multimediawidgets5 [Not Installed]
3)     makerware [Not Installed]

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

      Remove the following packages:
1)      libqt5help5
2)      libqt5xmlpatterns5
3)      musescore
4)      qml-module-qtquick-localstorage
5)      qml-module-qtquick-window2
6)      qml-module-qtquick2
7)      qml-module-qtwebkit

      Install the following packages:
8)      libqt5positioning5 [5.2.1-1ubuntu2 (now, trusty)]
9)      libqt5sensors5 [5.2.1+dfsg-2ubuntu2 (now, trusty)]

      Downgrade the following packages:
10)     libqt5clucene5 [5.3.0-5~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1-8build1 (trusty)]
11)     libqt5core5a [5.3.0+dfsg-2ubuntu9~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1+dfsg-1u
12)     libqt5dbus5 [5.3.0+dfsg-2ubuntu9~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1+dfsg-1ub
13)     libqt5gui5 [5.3.0+dfsg-2ubuntu9~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1+dfsg-1ubu
14)     libqt5network5 [5.3.0+dfsg-2ubuntu9~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1+dfsg-
15)     libqt5opengl5 [5.3.0+dfsg-2ubuntu9~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1+dfsg-1
16)     libqt5printsupport5 [5.3.0+dfsg-2ubuntu9~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1+
17)     libqt5qml5 [5.3.0-3ubuntu13~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1-3ubuntu15.1 (
18)     libqt5quick5 [5.3.0-3ubuntu13~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1-3ubuntu15.1
19)     libqt5sql5 [5.3.0+dfsg-2ubuntu9~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1+dfsg-1ubu
20)     libqt5sql5-sqlite [5.3.0+dfsg-2ubuntu9~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1+df
21)     libqt5svg5 [5.3.0-2~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1-1 (trusty)]
22)     libqt5test5 [5.3.0+dfsg-2ubuntu9~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1+dfsg-1ub
23)     libqt5webkit5 [5.3.0+dfsg-1ubuntu2~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.1.1-1ubunt
24)     libqt5webkit5-qmlwebkitplugin [5.3.0+dfsg-1ubuntu2~trusty1 (now, trusty)
25)     libqt5widgets5 [5.3.0+dfsg-2ubuntu9~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1+dfsg-
26)     libqt5xml5 [5.3.0+dfsg-2ubuntu9~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5.2.1+dfsg-1ubu
27)     qtdeclarative5-localstorage-plugin [5.3.0-3ubuntu13~trusty1 (now, trusty
28)     qtdeclarative5-qtquick2-plugin [5.3.0-3ubuntu13~trusty1 (now, trusty) ->
29)     qtdeclarative5-window-plugin [5.3.0-3ubuntu13~trusty1 (now, trusty) -> 5

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]

It seems that when I added the repository for MuseScore and upgraded MuseScore to 2.0, it also updated qt to 5.3 which seems to be incompatible with Makerware.

For now, it looks like I have to downgrade MuseScore or not use Makerware.


He means to create a file someplace with the content specified, and then create a softlink (aka shortcut, alias, etc) to the file in the directory /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/ or you could just create the file in that directory directly. The X server looks in that directory for additional config files. It's done that way so users can add stuff like that without disrupting the normal default settings.


New Win 8.1 can't share files to Ubuntu 13.10

Not exactly sure.. I did update the share permission on folders..Specifically the Documents folder... but I think that perhaps what did it was that I found that I needed to use my Win User id (tom) not the full one user id which was Tom,,,@outlook.com....and the full Windows password, same as my outlook.com password... not the generated one that Windows instructions said....

Not user friendly but worked, that is MS for you...


Open ~/.bashrc in text editor and uncomment line:

#force_color_prompt=yes

to be:

force_color_prompt=yes

save then execute source ~/.bashrc


You sadly don't have a way to control the position. at least yet.
https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/chrome/ZipDRLuxFZw


Where can I download the default wallpaper of Ubuntu 13.04?

you can get the wallpapers from this OMG! Ubuntu! link http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/03/ubuntu-13-04-winning-wallpapers-announced


How can I install Ubuntu on a Windows XP machine that will not connect to the Internet?

Believe it or not, but this is going to be easier then it may seem. On your Win7 machine, download an ISO Disc Image of Ubuntu, mount it (I think it already mounts it in most Image burning applications), then burn it with your favorite Disc Image Burning Application. Now, on your XP or 2000 or Whatever machine, boot the up the disc drive via the BIOS, then it should come up to setup.

You mentioned it would not connect to the Internet, which seems strange if your other laptop can connect. You can always try a WiFi Adapter or Ethernet Cord, but otherwise install Ubuntu and only used the unupdated and otherwise default software.


sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

sudo ppa-purge ppa:bumblebee/stable

Your solution.


How are file-extensions/mime-types/icons/default applications associated?

You need to:

Add a new MIME type
Associate that MIME type with a program (see man xdg-mime for more details):

xdg-mime default APPLICATION MIMETYPE(S)


Had the same problem with Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS after removing OEM Windows10 partition. Apparently this has been fixed, but not backported to Xenial.
Reinstalling the cryptfs package did the trick for me:

$ sudo apt install ecryptfs-utils --reinstall
$ sudo update-grub


How to save after editting 'vi common.mak' (aircrack-ng) on Ubuntu 12.04

In short, press Esc to get out of insert mode, and then do :wq to write the file and quit.

But in general you don't have to use vi - when you see it in instructions on the web, use nano (edit in terminal) or gedit (GUI editor) instead. When you typed:

vi common.mak

You were launching the vi editor to edit the file common.mak. Instead you could do:

nano common.mak

or

gedit common.mak

to edit the file in an editor that doesn't require learning to do simple things like saving a file.

Or if you want to learn vi then type vimtutor at the command line - that will get you to the point where you can be reasonably efficient with vi. If you find you like vi and want to learn lots more then read this post.


attempt reinstalling procps will remove i386 packages?

solved it on my special way.
with granted rights.
apt-mark manual libwine:i386 wine32:i386

Note do only this, if you know what you do. apt-mark is no cure-all possibility.
Changed the reinstall command a bit.
apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::=--confmiss --reinstall install procps


Touchscreen mouse "locks" on a ThinkCentre 91Z?

I actually made the thread you linked to (http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-2064976.html), and I thought I should share my very, very crude and dirty solution to the problem.

After having this problem for way too long without managing to really fix it, I finally gave up and created a very simple python-script that will monitor all mouse events with xinput and then trigger a new mouse 10 event on every mouse release.

At first I tried to only look for unmatched mouse presses (mouse press after a mouse press), but somehow the bug sometimes seems to appear without that happening, why I instead simply fire a mouse event on every mouse release.

You will also likely have to modify the code a bit so that it listens to the events from your monitor and not the Acer I have (run xinput to find the name). The script also requires that you have xdotool installed (you should be able to get it through apt-get) which is a simple tool for triggering input events.

Anyway, I hope this helps a bit until a real solution can be found :)

#!/usr/bin/env python
import subprocess
proc=subprocess.Popen(["xinput","--test", 'Acer T231H'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
while True:
        line = proc.stdout.readline().split(' ')
        if line[0] == "button" and line[1] == "release":
            subprocess.call(['xdotool', 'mousedown', '10'])


After switching to another tty (ctrl + alt + f1), run

sudo service lightdm stop

Ubuntu uses lightdm instead of gdm now.


I think scp -l 500 original /some/destination/ might me your best option.
Where:

-l Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.

See man page


You made a tipical mistake using shell variables.

See explicit information about your mistake at http://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashPitfalls

Additionally your should clear out what was the contents of your $WORK variable.

It seems that you copied the contents of the file "file" to a file named "$WORK" instead of copying to the file that is named in the $WORK variable. If you want to delete the new file please use quotes like:

rm  "$WORK"


Ubuntu only detects Nvidia Graphics - Ignores Intel Internal Graphics

Have you checked your BIOS settings ?  Maybe there is an option to control which grapthics adapters to activate.


Can I mount a bitlockered volume at boot?

Try this edit to fstab
Backup /etc/fstab by making a copy:
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.original

Edit /etc/fstab and add the following lines
# Windows' NTFS Disk C:/
/dev/sdXY   /media/user/windows fuse.dislocker  recovery-password=000000-000000-000000-000000-000000-000000-000000-000000   0   0
/media/user/windows/dislocker-file /media/user/windows  auto    nofail,x-gvfs-show,x-gvfs-name=C:   0   0

/dev/sdXY is the bitlocker encrypted partition. X can be a, b, c, etc. Y can be 1, 2, 3, etc.
You will need to use your own recovery password instead of a bunch of zeros.
Source: https://github.com/Aorimn/dislocker/issues/131
Hope this helps


I have got stucked in grub2 while installing ubuntu 18.04

Dear Kindly boot your system again with bootable usb/dvd device in order to reinstall or repair grub live from bootable device. Don't worry, in this process you won't loss any data.


I have never owned an Epson printer, but I replied to a similar query yesterday on the Linux Mint forums

Briefly, it looks as if there is some kind of bug on the Epson website's search facility. It gives no results for Linux if you search for XP-8500 but if you search instead for XP-850 (which is a different printer) it gives 7 results of which 3 actually relate to the XP-8500 - a printer driver, a printer utility and a scanner driver.


How do I change the command that a launcher item launches?

While I couldn't find the shortcuts, we can use the .local/share/applications folder.

You can create a file this way:

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/myskype.desktop

Then paste something like this into it:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=My Skype
Exec=env LD_PRELOAD="/usr/lib32/libv4l/v4l1compat.so" skype
Terminal=false
X-MultipleArgs=false
Type=Application
Icon=skype
Categories=GNOME;GTK;Network;
StartupWMClass=Skype
StartupNotify=true
X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=NewWindow;

[NewWindow Shortcut Group]
Name=Open a New Window
Exec=env LD_PRELOAD="/usr/lib32/libv4l/v4l1compat.so" skype
TargetEnvironment=Unity

Save and exit.


It's probably a measuring error. The download speed is measured by dividing the amount of data downloaded by the time passed since the download was started. If you do that after only one IP packet has arrived, you can get weird results.


Built-in Speaker doesn't work after installing JACK

You'll need "pulseaudio to jack bridge" to get pulseaudio and jack work nicely together. Have a look at how Ubuntustudio has done it. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuStudio/ProAudioIntro


Partitions not showing while installing (K)ubuntu 14.04

Your drive is partitioned as a "Dynamic Disk". Ubuntu can not be installed on a dynamic disk. You will need to convert the Ubuntu partitions to "basic partitions" in Windows before installing Ubuntu.


Cisco AnyConnect Compatible VPN (openconnect) in Ubuntu 15.04?

This one helped me: network-manager-openconnect-gnome


Basic Shell programming question with && {

The && notation is a boolean operator for AND, which means that it uses the result of the previous command and only executes the next command if the exit code from the first command is 0.

So this is a shorthand for:

ls a &> /dev/null && echo "Done"

this, which basically does the same thing.

ls a &> /dev/null
if [ $? = 0 ]; then
    echo "Done"
fi

the { is for grouping commands to run, so  this:

ls a &> /dev/null && {
    echo "This will happen if"
    echo "ls command returns 0"
}

is a shorthand for this:

ls a &> /dev/null
if [ $? = 0 ]; then
    echo "This will happen if"
    echo "ls command returns 0"
fi

You can also do the same with the OR || operator so you get the else part of the if as well. Like this

ls a &> /dev/null && echo "Done" || echo "No can do!"

And also combine it with the grouping of commands:

ls a &> /dev/null && {
    echo "This will happen if"
    echo "ls command returns 0"
} || {
    echo "This will happen if"
    echo "ls command returns other than 0"
}


Will updating the BIOS remove my Ubuntu EFI entry?

You don't need to reinstall grub because it will not be deleted.

What could happen is that the NVRAM entry in the EFI/BIOS pointing to grub could be deleted.

So you will certainly need to recreate it after the BIOS upgrade. For that boot into a Live CD/USB, and run a command like

sudo apt-get install efibootmgr
sudo efibootmgr -c -L Grub -l /EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi

or if you use Secure boot

sudo efibootmgr -c -L Grub -l /EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi


super + left/right doesn't work in ubuntu 18.04

when I faced this problem, my nvidia-driver hasn't been installed yet and my resolution was 1024*768. After I install nvidia-driver properly and increase the resolution up to 1368*768, the problem solved


I had a similar problem with broken dependencies when trying to install wine and acroread, and a complaint when trying to install ia32-libs-multiarch, just after upgrading to 12.04 from 11.04 (passing over 11.10). It seems that some ppa's I had in 11.04 installed newer versions of applications in the system. After upgrading, the remains of these apps seemed to do some mess in the dependencies.

The solution that seems to work (until now), was found on a german ubuntu board (http://forum.ubuntuusers.de, posts from user Lasall):

First a downgrade is required and done with the following:
create the 'preferences' file:

sudo vi /etc/apt/preferences

and insert the following lines:

Package: *
Pin: release a=precise*
Pin-Priority: 2012

enter:wq to write the file.
Pin-Priority must be greater than 1000.

Then you may downgrade the offending applications with:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Then you may install packages that complained about dependencies, like
sudo apt-get install ia32-libs-multiarch, or sudo apt-get install ia32-libs.

Finally, you should remove the file you just created:

sudo rm /etc/apt/preferences

because else no new updates would be found.

Hope this helps you too!


How do I remove a user from the dpkg-statoverride file?

You can try this:

sudo sed -i '/puppet/d' /var/lib/dpkg/statoverride

Should remove the user from statoverride and give you access to install again


Is there any procedure for update Live server

Is there such thing?

No, simply because every situation is different.

What -we- do (we are hosting our software on our own servers in a datacenter and we also have in-house servers where we host our own software and we have servers locally at our clients (but those we do not need to maintain)) ...

We have 2 servers and call them "live1" and "live2". Data between the 2 is synched real time (MySQL data replication). Clients work on "live1" and "live2" is the fail safe. So if "live1" fails "live2" kicks in automatically. Users are also silently redirected to "live2" is this one becomes active.

During an update/upgrade fase "live2" gets disconnected and our clients get notified that the fail safe server is out for the next few hours. We then make an extra backup of "live2".

"live2" gets all the updates and we check "live2" for obvious/critical problems (updates for us means system updates (Ubuntu) but also our own software). If no critical problems occur "live2" becomes "live1", "live1" becomes "live2" (we do that when there is a low amount of people active on the system; so around 17:00, 18:00).

After that we update the new "live2" server and reconnect it as the fail safe. And the data is then synched.

And then we wait for the next update cycle.

If you need the servers up and running 5 days a week you could update/upgrade on a Friday evening, Saturday or Sunday without any client noticing and with plenty room if all failed and you need to restore from a backup. If so, then our method is serious overkill but our software is used world wide so we strive for a 100% up-time.


Panasonic scanner not working on Ubuntu 19.04

Thanks for your suggestion heynnema.
I had to install libusb-0.1-4 and then everything worked like charm on 19.04. It would likely work on earlier versions too.
I found no trace of this missing library in /var/log/syslog though.

Thanks!


How can I fix a broken dark theme and menus in the Libreoffice 6.2 snap?

It appears to be an issue with the communitheme snap.  On 3 different computers I can toggle the problem on and off by either logging in using the "Ubuntu" theme or by using Gnome Tweaks to switch the theme elements to default. I haven't received any kind of confirmation as of this post but I filed an issue at https://github.com/ubuntu/yaru/issues/1194


Cannot change keyboard backlight with dbus-send

As you said you are using 0.99.8-2 version of upower package.

In the last update of upower many distribution users, like Debian unstable, Arch linux, Ubuntu cosmic, have encountered this problem.

For example this issue is related yours, has opened in upower GitLab page.

According to that link, this method should be solve your problem (which has solved my problem on debian sid):

1.Make override configuration for upower service:

sudo systemctl edit upower.service

2.Write these lines in it:

[Service]
ProtectKernelTunables=false

3.Check the changes by this command:

systemctl show upower.service | grep ProtectKernelTunables

If you see this output, you did it right:

ProtectKernelTunables=no

For more details about ProtectKernelTunables= parameter, you can see this link.

4.Reboot your system (also you can restart upower and dbus services but its better reboot system to restart all services completely).

5.Check your keyboard backlight. Now you should not see somethigs like this, in the output of journalctl | grep -i upowerd command:

upowerd[2907]: up_kbd_backlight_brightness_read: assertion 'fd >= 0' failed

And your keyboard backlight should be change with Fn + F3 and Fn + F4 key combinations or dbus command:

dbus-send --type=method_call --print-reply=literal --system --dest='org.freedesktop.UPower' '/org/freedesktop/UPower/KbdBacklight' 'org.freedesktop.UPower.KbdBacklight.SetBrightness' int32:3


Why did Ubuntu 14.04 create a 15.8GB swap partition?

Most Linux distributions by default will make a swap partition that is equal to your computers memory. This is so you can keep your RAMs contents saved to disk if you ever hibernate. It is also used as extra room in case your ram becomes full. If you max out your ram without swap your systems kernel will kill off what it considers non-critical processes. If you do not hibernate or have the feature disable then a small swap of a few gigabytes will work as a safety net.


How can we install libmemcached on Ubuntu 18.04?

I have solved the problem by checking for any leftovers of xenial ppa's and removing them. Then I uninstalled libmemcached11 by:

sudo apt-get remove libmemcached11

And than installing libmemcached-dev by:

sudo apt-get install libmemcached-dev

I hope this solution helps somebody..


VLC plays videos with black screen while audio is OK after resuming from suspend

Go to Tools → Preferences → Video

Change Output to X11 Video output


Cannot set the system to automatically suspend and then hibernat when closing the lid

The service suspend-then-hibernate already exists in Ubuntu but for whatever reason the system suspend is still being called. This could be due to a GRUB configuration issue (upon startup) or symbolic links. Turn suspend into suspend-then-hibernate in /etc/systemd/logind.conf then uncomment the lines modified. Next make the symbolic links necessary to call suspend-then-hibernate.service to systemd-service while deleting the systemd-service link.                                                       sudo rm -f /etc/systemd/system/systemd-suspend.service
 sudo ln -s /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-suspend-then-hibernate.service /etc/systemd/system/systemd-suspend.service
Next find the UUID of the Linux Swap drive by:
sudo blkid /dev/sda'x' (x is the partition of SWAP)     Copy the UUID and open the /etc/default/grub (nano as root) and add or update the following to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT entry so it looks like the following >>>>>
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=”quiet splash resume=UUID=5c03967e-b9fe-4a2e-8501–05002aa51dd6" (or whatever the UUID is)
Now run the following commands to update grub with the new changes
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
sudo update-grub (reboot afterwards) Here are some useful sources and links to study possible issues.  2019 Article on how to correctly configure suspend-then-hibernate  Documentation on sleep-then-hibernate and how the state is saved in RAM in Ubuntu 20.10


To see connected devices do

lsblk

Identify the device you want to mount or unmount. USB devices will mount in /media so after you connect them you can identify them by their mountpoints. We can see the mounted device here is /dev/sda1

NAME         MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda            8:0    1 15.2G  0 disk
└─sda1         8:1    1 15.2G  0 part /media/zanna/4C45-110F

to unmount this device:

udisksctl unmount -b /dev/sda1

-b stands for block device. After entering this command lsblk shows:

NAME         MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda            8:0    1 15.2G  0 disk
└─sda1         8:1    1 15.2G  0 part

Now it's safe to remove. To re-mount it:

udisksctl mount -b /dev/sda1

For general help type udisksctl help and for help on each command, type it and add --help for example:

udisksctl info --help

For information about my root partition I would type

udisksctl info -b /dev/mmcblk0p2

For more information type info udisksctl


Ubuntu 13.10 Killed my Desktop computer!

"Is there any way to fix this without completely formatting the hard disk?"

I don't think so. But maybe you can try to boot a Live CD or Live USB with Ubuntu to see what really happened to the disk partitions.


Had to change the graphics driver from an open source X.Org X to the NVIDIA one. Rebooted and worked fine.

Under Software & Updates in System Settings


Apache + php5 problem after 12.04.3 to 14.04.i do release upgrade (server)

From the error message, the PHP5 Apache module is not present where it should.

First, check the installation status of the PHP5 module package :

user@hostname:~$ dpkg -l |grep libapache2-mod-php5
ii  libapache2-mod-php5              5.5.9+dfsg-1ubuntu4.3               amd64        server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (Apache 2 module)

If the result is not like above (a line starting by ii) then the module is not or badly installed.

If dpkg returns no line, do :

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5

If dpkg returns a line not starting with ii, do :

sudo apt-get purge libapache2-mod-php5
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5


osu installer restarts all the time wine

try running sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get upgrade first. if that doesn't work then try this  script


How can I remove black bars at smaller resolutions?

This doesn't really answer the question, but please take into account that LCD displays are meant to be used in the native resolution. If you don't want to do that, at least choose resolutions with the same aspect ratio (for WXGA this is 5:3). In theory it might be possible to stretch 1024x768 into 1280x768, covering the black bars, but the resulting quality would be horrible.


desktop shortcut to terminal-app of another user possible?

The ~/.local/share/applications/zzz.desktop file will look like:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Run zzz as xyz
Exec=bash -c 'su -c "/home/xyz/zzzapp/zzz -param1 -param2" xyz; read -p "Hit Enter to close terminal:"'
Terminal=true
Type=Application

Why do you need a desktop icon? I would recommend this:

add this function to your ~/.bashrc

zzz() { su -c '~/zzzapp/zzz -param1 "$(bash get_ggggg.sh)"' -l xyz; }

when you want to run it, open a gnome-terminal and enter the command zzz


No cards available for configuration - PulseAudio

I suggest to reinstall kernel. Run in a terminal
sudo apt install --reinstall linux-image-$(uname -r)
sudo apt install --reinstall linux-modules-$(uname -r)
sudo apt install --reinstall linux-modules-extra-$(uname -r)


How can I fully integrate my Windows files with Ubuntu using dual boot setup?

You can make your Windows partition automatically mounted to Ubuntu by editing the /etc/fstab if i'm correct.but it won't mount untill you logged in
so here are the steps

1-Open terminal and run blkid as super user

2-you will see several line of partition UUID.keep it open and open new terminal

3-now run gedit /etc/fstab also as super user

4-now on the bottomest line or make new line if there isn't any and type
UUID=(your windows partition UUID)

5.followed by space (partition mount point) space (filesystem type,so i assume you also want to write to Windows partiition so you can use ntfs-3g for the filesystem type) space  defaults  space 0 space 0

well that i usually do
And with this you not only can read from windows partition but also wrtite to it,but Windows partition will not mounted if it isn't clean yet or you're not logged in yet


Ubuntu keeps going to log-in screen on Oracle VM VirtualBox

Try disabling EFI under Settings => Enable EFI. It worked for me.


You can install a venv for your version of python.

sudo apt-get install python3.7-venv


What does "dpkg: warning: while removing directory /usr/local not empty so not removed" mean?

The message is common when the folder is not empty, as the message suggests. This is because other packages also put their files in this folder. A package can not easily remove a folder that is not empty, that would leave an unstable or broken system.

It is also possible that you yourself have stored files in this folder. And it would certainly be annoying if those files were suddenly disappeared along with the folder.

Furthermore, especially this folder is one of the default folders part of the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard. To remove this folder is therefore generally not a good idea.

  Historically and strictly according to the standard, /usr/local/ is
  for data that must be stored on the local host (as opposed to /usr/,
  which may be mounted across a network). Most of the time /usr/local/
  is used for installing software/data that are not part of the standard
  operating system distribution (in such case, /usr/ would only contain
  software/data that are part of the standard operating system
  distribution). It is possible that the FHS standard may in the future
  be changed to reflect this de facto convention).


You cannot. A 128 Bit password cannot be bruteforced with a normal computer, that would take many many years.


Unity Compiz Close Window effect does nothing on window close

It turned out that this was just a problem with Natty, on Oneiric this was fixed.


How are a Debian package's dependencies handled when it requires "package A or package B" for dependencies?

The meta-package provided as part of the nginx source package depend on either nginx-light or nginx-full.  What that means is when you install nginx the first of the dependencies listed will be tried, and if that is not available, it will try the other dependency.

In a rare case that a package's dependencies are missing, the package will fail, and apt will report that there's dependency issues.

With the nginx source package, though, the binaries for nginx-light and nginx-full are both part of the same source package, so doing sudo apt-get install nginx will fail unless you enable the universe repositories.  By enabling the universe repositories, nginx-light and nginx-full and the other variants of the nginx binaries (each having their own set of "loaded" nginx modules) will all be available, so you wouldn't run into this dependency issue, except when using nginx-extras or nginx-naxsi in place of nginx-light or nginx-full.


How to create a swap partition if I already have 4 primary partitions?

You do not need a swap partition: you can just as well use a swap file. There is no performance difference between a swap partition and a swap file. To add a swap file:

Create the file (in this example, a 4 GiB file named /swapfile):

sudo fallocate -l 4G /swapfile

Format it as swap:

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
sudo mkswap /swapfile

Enable swapping on the new swap file:

sudo swapon /swapfile

Add the newly created file to /etc/fstab by appending /swapfile none swap sw 0 0 to /etc/fstab.

See the Digital Ocean tutorial How To Add Swap on Ubuntu 14.04.


Use a LiveCD like PartedMagic (http://www.partedmagic.com) with GParted available and use GParted to:

Remove the Partition with 12.10 on it.
Move the Partition called Softwares to the left (Don't know if this will change the  drive Letter assigned to it in windows, so be sure you know how to assign drive letters to drives on windows if you have any programs installed to this partition)
Grow the partition with 10.04 on it to fill the free space.

In order to repair your bootloader, you somehow have to boot your 10.04. I recommend using SuperGrubDisk 2 (available as standalone LiveCD on http://www.supergrubdisk.org and already integrated in PartedMagic). When you have successfully booted your Ubuntu 10.04, run the following commands to reinstall your bootloader:

sudo update-grub
sudo grub-install /dev/sda

Since you are messing around with both partitions and your bootsector, be sure to have a backup of all your important data as doing something wrong or having powerloss while partitioning may destroy your data and if in doubt, asking is better than walking into a catastrophy.


Ubuntu Software doesn't show installed softwares

Install synaptic
The Ubuntu Software (Center) does not list all software available in repositories or installed. This is particularly true for command-line utilities. Another GUI alternative to Ubuntu Software is synaptic also known as Synaptic Package Manager. You should be able to find in in Ubuntu Software. If not, install using the following command:
sudo apt install synaptic

Open synaptic
Open synaptic as you usually open any GUI software. It will prompt you to enter your password before it opens.
On the left panel you can select Installed to see all the installed software in your system:

The green squares indicate that a software is installed. If you want to see if a specific software, such as gnome-software is installed, click on the big search button and type the name of the software. You can limit the search to just Names or Names and Description (if you want to search for a keyword, rather than the exact name). You will get something like this:

As you can see above gnome-software and gnome-software-commonare installed and other packages with similar names are not installed, as they don't have the green square next to them.
Hope this helps


Ubuntu 14... freezes after kernel selection, stops on a specific line in recovery mode

You can try two things:
1 easy solution
Just unplug (from electricity) your computer for 10 seconds,
plug again and it might work! (yes it does)
2 if it doesn't work (edit grub)
The solution was in Grub
go to: Advanced Options
There I went to the 'Recovery mode option'
prees 'e' to go to the editor.
edit the line
linux /vmlinuz-3.0.2..... nomodeset acpi=off

press F10 to boot.
That way it did boot, but it didn't recognize the keyboard.
This confirmed with an 'acpi' issue.
The next thing I did is a restarted the computer
and went testing the different acpi options
in this guide.
The one that did it for me was
nolapic

F10 once again and then my keyboard responded
from there I ran 'fsck'.
and start again.


How to install specific(older) version of sqlite

Instead of fiddling around with package versions, I would recommend using pip (and virtualenv) instead, then you can install whatever version you need for your application, without changing the whole system.


How do I establish a mobile broadband connection from the command line?

wvdial is the tool you need. Install it with sudo apt-get install wvdial if needed. You can configure the connection by editing /etc/wvdial.conf:

[Dialer Defaults]
Phone = <dial-out number here>
Username =
Password =
New PPPD = yes

Their man-pages will be really helpful I think. man wvdial and man wvdial.conf for details.


Hard Block cannot be unblocked using the software.

Your WiFi is perhaps turned of by your keyboard WiFi shortcut. It is also possible that it is disabled by your BIOS settings.  Try to enable it using your keyboard shortcut or any other key available in you system. Also check you BIOS settings for any WiFi related settings.


awk: matching strings to decimal values and summing them

Given

oNe-oNE ; 2
one-too ; 1
One-TOO-pots-one-one ; 21
one-foo ; 1

then

awk -F\; '
BEGIN {
  val["one"]=1;val["too"]=2;val["hello"]=4;val["pots"]=16;
}

{
  split($1,a,"[- ]");
  t = 0;
  for (i in a) {
    t += val[tolower(a[i])];
  }
  if (t == $2) print $0, "match"; else print $0, "not";
}' file

produces

oNe-oNE ; 2 match
one-too ; 1 not
One-TOO-pots-one-one ; 21 match
one-foo ; 1 match


How to get Conky to display VLC data properly

Have you tried encapsulating the place(s) you call on this script (in your conky configuration file) with if_running?

From the documentation:

    if PROCESS is running, display everything $if_running and the matching $endif. This uses the ``pidof'' command, so the -x switch is also supported.

For example, you could try it like so: $(if_running vlc)<python script calls>$endif.


Wifi adapter not found: Ubuntu 18.04.04 (Predator Helios 300 PH317-53-73DV)

@chili555 answered this question. Here once more for everyone:

When booting into Ubuntu (where Ubuntu is the first boot option as specified in UEFI, i.e. the computer automatically boots into Ubuntu when you start it), press ESC once. You will get to the GRUB Menu. It will look like below if you are at the right spot (picture is from here). Don't press ESC several times, otherwise you may get to the GRUP Shell / command line, where you don't want to be.

Navigate to Advanced options for Ubuntu and select the older Kernel that is still there. Press enter and the computer will boot into this older Kernel. Then, you can check if the Wifi works again. In my case, it did.


You should try playing with alsamixer levels and switches.

Maybe headphones channel is disabled or have zero default volume, like in the next image (my laptop without headset plugged in).

With your headset/headphones plugged in, open alsamixer and look for heaphones/headset entry, then check if it is enabled (M to switch ON/OFF) and also it has 100% (or any non-zero value) volume.

You can save your settings with sudo alsactl store which saves current config to /etc/asound.state, which gets loaded every startup.

Hope it helps.

Note: I would also check if speaker is auto disabled when plug-in the headphones to see if the plug-in event is detected/managed at all.


I worked around a performance problem with MP3 playback in VLC (a lag after jumping back a few seconds) by installing MPV:

sudo apt install mpv

See https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/02/swap-vlc-mpv-ubuntu

Also VLC player seems to have a better performance when not installed via the Software Center but via apt.

sudo apt install vlc


VirtualBox not seeing USB devices even though I am in vboxusers group

You need to install VirtualBox Extension Pack.

For version 5.0.2 it can be found HERE

And also version 5.0.2 is a bit outdated. You need to upgrade to version 5.0.6. and install the Extension Pack.


Why does USB Ethernet 2.5GBit device show up under weird name in ifconfig?

With the "old" naming scheme, that used interface names like eth0, eth1 and so forth, the names were assigned in the order the interfaces were encountered during the boot process. As long as the boot process was relatively straightforward, this order would probably not change between reboots. So you could expect that the interface that "showed up" first today (and therefore became eth0) would also show up first tomorrow, and therefore be assigned the same name. And the day after tomorrow, and so on.
But over time, the boot process became more involved and less linear. Also, hotpluggable interfaces (that can be added and removed while the machine is running) became more common. As you can imagine, that means that the order in which the kernel encounters the interfaces isn't necessarily as stable anymore. What was eth0 today actually could be eth1 tomorrow, because the detection and initialization of the interfaces did go a bit different this time.
Because of that, the naming scheme was reworked, actually several times over. For more detailed information about the newer schemes, you can for example refer to the Debian Wiki.


Try 7-Zip. It supports reading of disk images which contain ext4 file system.


I had a related problem. Spyder (version 2.2.5) crashed. I tried to reopen it after rebooting my computer, but nothing happened- clicking on the symbol in the launcher did nothing, also just typing

spyder

in a command line did not result in the GUI being fired up, it also did not result in an error message. However, typing

spyder --new-instance

resulted in the GUI being fired up.
Looking into the file

start_app.py

in the directory

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/spyderlib/

it became clear the the following lines of code were the problem:

if CONF.get('main', 'single_instance') and not options.new_instance \
  and not mac_app:
    # Minimal delay (0.1-0.2 secs) to avoid that several
    # instances started at the same time step in their
    # own foots while trying to create the lock file
    time.sleep(random.randrange(1000, 2000, 90)/10000.)

    # Lock file creation
    lockf = get_conf_path('spyder.lock')
    lock = lockfile.FilesystemLock(lockf)

    # lock.lock() tries to lock spyder.lock. If it fails,
    # it returns False and so we try to start the client
    if not lock.lock():

        if args:
            send_args_to_spyder(args)
    else:
        atexit.register(lock.unlock)
        from spyderlib import spyder
        spyder.main()
else:
    from spyderlib import spyder
    spyder.main()

So, some instance of spyder was created previously and has created the file

spyder.lock

which resulted in the empty list of arguments given by the command

spyder

being passed to spyder, resulting in no action:

send_args_to_spyder(args)

Hence, renaming the spyder.lock file made spyder fire up again just using the app launcher or a terminal.


assuming you are using ubuntu 16.04 you can use systemctl to control services.

to get a list of services and their status

systemctl | grep service

to control an individual service , replace service with the service name

systemctl status service
systemctl stop service
systemctl start service

in older version of ubuntu services can be controlled via init scripts which live in /etc/init.d , these work in a similar way

to get a list of services

ls -l /etc/init.d/

to contrl and individual service

/etc/init.d/service status
/etc/init.d/service stop
/etc/init.d/service start


How to install Windows 7 in a machine running on Ubuntu 14.04

If the problem is only that your pc doesn't boot from usb, maybe you have to look for the "boot mode" option in bios... If you find it, you can try to switch from "uefi" to "legacy". If this doesn't work please send me your laptop model. Hope this can help.


Vodafone used to offer an application for linux itself, i never used it so i don't know the exact functionality. Right now the site seems to be down for maintenance but you should be able to reach it again in a few hours i guess:
http://www.vodafonebetavine.net/web/linux_drivers

Edit:
Found a link with description and pictures it definitely supports SMS like in Windows:
http://www.howtoforge.com/vodafone_mobile_connect_card_driver_linux


How to add app links to the right click menu

The default name for that folder is $HOME/Templates in your user's home folder (e.g. /home/ray/Templates/).

If you are using a non-English environment the folder name may be translated. See the file $HOME/.config/user-dirs.dirs, there should be a line like

XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Vorlagen"

telling you the folder name. In this case it's $HOME/Vorlagen.

Create that folder if it doesn't exist and put a Gnumeric file in.


Ubuntu 12.10 on Asus Q200E is super slow, how to improve?

I believe the performance issue was due to booting Ubuntu from a cheap USB flash key.  Not all flash keys are made alike - I reinstalled to a much faster drive, with read and write both around 90 MB/sec.  Problem solved...


Install Ubuntu on Android tablet and nuke Android OS

I was once looking at doing this myself, but it wasn't guarenteed to work, depending on what model and spec of your tablet is. XDA Developers forums had quite a few devs trying out different custom ROMs to get Ubuntu to install and very few were successful, so you may want to head over there and read through what they tried.
Since Ubuntu has already announced the support of Ubuntu on tablet in there Ubuntu Touch releases, I'd recommend checking that out. Currently there are two stable releases for the Nexus 4 and Nexus Galaxy. I think karel might be right that Ubuntu would require more resources then your tablet could spare, so you may have some work and research yet to be done. Link to Ubuntu Touch below.
Ubuntu Touch Wiki


Puzzled about java and how to make it run in Ubuntu 12.10

What is the most standard form to install JAVA EE JDK? Should I download and run the shell script from Oracle, use the packages at WebUpd8 PPA or install the OpenJDK packages?

  Oracle JDK (for using PPA you can use this command sudo
  add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java )

What are the differences between Oracle's JAVA and OpenJDK's JAVA? Can I think of them as like Microsoft's .NET and Mono Project's .NET?

  Open JDK is an open source project, whereas oracle JDK is a
  proprietary product (previously known as Sun JDK), go with Oracle JDK,
  its been used as standard at many places.

I've installed Oracle's JAVA using the shell scripts but how can I get the browsers to run JAVA Applets? I've installed IcedTea Java Plugin but i'ts working only in some sites, others are halting Firefox.

  currently remove your installed plugins and install through Synaptic
  package manager (select oracle-java6-installer) it will install everything that you need for development (jdk) and runtime (jre)

By the way, what exactly are the IcedTea Java Plugin? It's a JAVA runtime implementation by its own or it is using the Oracle's JAVA that 'ive installed like some kind of bridge to teach the browser how to get to the runtime?

  You can get your answer here :
  http://icedtea.classpath.org/wiki/Main_Page


Is there a way for a snap application to access a network-mounted disk drive

Kyle - I tried your suggestion.  I moved all mount points to the /media directory - and it worked perfectly.  Plus now all of the mount points show up in the left pane of the file explorer (nautilus???)

This suggestion does not work on its own though.  One of the following must be done.

Install the app using --devmode, or
Connect the app's :removable-media plug to the :removable-media slot by issuing the command sudo snap connect <app>:removable-media :removable-media

Option 2 is probably preferable, but it requires that the snap be built with the :removable-media plug.


Copied answer from comments:

Your drive may be breaking down or the lens for cd's is dirty. sudo blkid is not useful for audio cd's as they have no filesystem & consequently aren't really 'mounted', just accessed at a location, cdda://sr0/; cdda://sr1/; cdda://sr2/ etc...


Dual Boot Ubuntu + Win7, Low Graphics Mode, Can't Access Terminal or GRUB

Try Ctrl + Alt + F4 and then Ctrl + Alt + F1.This should get you to console mode.Then you can run the commands provided in the link.Basically Ctrl + Alt + Fn is used to switch to nth text terminal.The below link might be useful

http://linux.about.com/od/linux101/l/blnewbie5_1.htm


OpenVPN can't update to ver 2.4.0 on Ubuntu 16.10

When I installed OpenVPN on my Ubuntu 16.04 using sudo apt-get install openvpn, it installed version 2.3.10.
I ran the following commands to get version 2.4.9 installed:
curl -s https://swupdate.openvpn.net/repos/repo-public.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb http://build.openvpn.net/debian/openvpn/stable xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvpn-aptrepo.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y openvpn


execute local bash script in remote machine using expect

That redirection is processed by your shell at the command line. Expect won't understand how to do it. This should work (untested):

set fh [open /path/to/localscript r]
set contents [read $fh]
close $fh

spawn ssh ... "bash -c '$contents'"


I think you should use the 'Internet Connection Sharing Concept'
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Internet/ConnectionSharing


1 - Firstly, go to the OpenOffice website: http://download.openoffice.org/other.html and download the Linux .deb file.

2 - Once you have done that, extract the .deb file, OOo_3.3.0_Linux_x86_install-deb_en-GB.tar.gz then you'll see a file called OOO330_m20_native_packed-1_en-GB.9567

3 - You can remove the existing version of OpenOffice if you wish with this command:

sudo apt-get remove openoffice*.*

4 - Copy and paste OOO330_m20_native_packed-1_en-GB.9567 onto the desktop then open Terminal and paste this command:

sudo dpkg -i ~/Desktop/OOO330_m20_native_packed-1_en-GB.9567/DEBS/*.deb

5 - Then paste this command:

sudo dpkg -i ~/Desktop/OOO330_m20_native_packed-1_en-GB.9567/DEBS/desktop-integration/openoffice.org3.3-debian-menus_3.3-9556_all.deb

Once you've done that you'll find OpenOffice 3.3.0 in Office.

If you want to remove LibreOffice then the command to copy and paste into Terminal is

sudo apt-get remove libreoffice*.*


LibreOffice - wrong font height in formula equation / overlapping lines

I found the solution. Follow these steps:

Download the new version of fonts-liberation:
https://packages.debian.org/pt-br/sid/fonts-liberation
Download the new version of fonts-liberation2:
https://packages.debian.org/pt-br/sid/fonts/fonts-liberation2

Install both .deb files and you're done. That fixed for me.


Is there a command or technique to 'concreteify' symlinks? (Copy the files so they're no longer a symlink)

You could add the dereference option to the cp command. Dereference will cause cp to copy the linked file rather than the simlink.

cp --dereference --recursive node_modules/* dest_dir/

And alternatively:

cp -L -r node_modules/* dest_dir/


If they appear on one line per word, use the ^ and $ to match start of line and end of line.
Consider the following sample file foo:

$ cat foo
password
password!1
password2
2password

Using sed matching beginning and end of line replaces only the line consisting of solely password

$ sed '/^password$/d' foo
password!1
password2
2password


Kubuntu , Ubuntu (unity) : Which is faster?

According to this wikivs.com,

  Gnome users typically accuse KDE of being bloated. Besides eating more
  memory, KDE desktop load times are slower because they have to load
  more from disk. KDE users justify this by saying that once the
  libraries are loaded, applications start quicker.


I have just had the same problem which I fixed. I was attempting to add an OpenVPN connection (you haven't stated which type of VPN you're using) but the idea will work.
I already had openvpn and network-manager-openvpn installed via apt, but I needed to add network-manager-openvpn-gnome

sudo apt install network-manager-openvpn-gnome

then restarted network manager (this kills networking until it's fully restarted)

sudo service network-manager restart

After this, I could open system settings again, go to networking and add my OpenVPN stuff.

This has been an issue for a couple of years and was answered here:
Unable to load VPN connection editor in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Cheers


Actually, you copied the mysql.old directory into /tee/mysql:

But I think that this is not what you wished. I assume that maybe you wished to copy all subdirectories and files from mysql.old directory to /tee/mysql. To do so, use the following command:

sudo cp -p -f -r /var/lib/mysql.old/* /tee/mysql

So, don't forget about /* at the end of the source directory. Generally, for this purpose, use:

cp -pfr <SourceDirectory>/* <DestinationDirectory>

See man cp for more about the cp command.


bash: echo: write error: No space left on device

I believe you are hitting the limit on your /dev/sda7 drive that isn't reserved. To see more about reserved space, please see:

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/7950/reserved-space-for-root-on-a-filesystem-why

To lower the amount of space reserved (looks like it is currently set at 2%), you can run the following command to lower it:

sudo tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda7

Please note that the reserved space is there for a reason. This will cause issues later if you continue to use up more space.


'Installing' Applications, where to put folders?

Usually you would select /opt or /usr/local as installation path.

You need to use sudo if you want to copy anything into those directories.


73-usb-net-by-mac.rules issue with net.ifnames

This is a problem with the version of 73-net-by-mac.rules in ubuntu (and debian) which has been fixed in tag debian/233-5 of the pkg-systemd source.

The binary packages resulting from these changes don't appear to have made it into the debian or ubuntu apt repos yet.

For reference, the corrected file is found here:

https://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-systemd/systemd.git/tree/debian/extra/rules/73-usb-net-by-mac.rules?h=debian/233-5

In reply to user.dz: I am actually using Debian 8.7. I do not know which distro the OP was using, but I presume that both ubuntu and debian would have the same problem (since both seem to use packages derived from the same source). The installed name of the file is /lib/udevd/rules.d/73-usb-net-by-mac.rules. It is owned by the udev package.


Can i add a 13.04 repo to 12.04 LTS to install new package via synaptic?

Try to download the package here:
http://packages.ubuntu.com/raring/amd64/julia/download

and then try to install it with a terminal command:

dpkg -i ./julia_0.1.2+dfsg-1_amd64.deb

If it failes due to dependencies, install gdebi and try:

gdebi ./julia_0.1.2+dfsg-1_amd64.deb


Ubuntu Software indeed is "Snap Store" (snap-store). It is the default in a fresh install of Ubuntu, and is in fact a customized version of Gnome Software from the Gnome developpers.
You can remove and reinstall snap-store. You may also safely remove snap-store and install Gnome Software instead. How is detailed in this answer. In addition, you can install support for snap by installing the plugin:
sudo apt install gnome-software-plugin-snap

If you like flatpak, which is available by default in the Ubuntu derived distribution Linux Mint, you can set that up too. Support for flatpak in Gnome Software is provided by the plugin:
sudo apt install gnome-software-plugin-flatpak


My fresh installation doesn't load. (PulseAudio problem)

I'm also getting this after upgrade from Ubuntu 11.04 to 11.10 - in order to get it to boot I had to force use of the 2.6.x kernel instead of the v3 kernel that 11.10 seems to want to use by default.  I did this by editing /boot/grub/grub.cfg - not a great solution but it's a stopgap until I figure out why it's not booting with the v3 kernel and fix it.
For some reason I cannot use by USB keyboard with GRUB2 to select previous kernel from the boot menu, hence editing the grub.cfg.
Edit: Exact steps I took to solve this problem:
(1) Press Ctrl+Alt+F2 as boot starts to get a login prompt.  Log in.
(2) Navigate to /etc/default/
(3) Edit the grub settings: sudo vi grub
(4) Set GRUB_DEFAULT=2>2
(5) Set GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
(6) Save the file and run: update-grub
(7) Reboot.
Note, the GRUB_DEFAULT value is the 3rd submenu item in the 3rd submenu (counts from 0), which for me is the boot option for the latest 2.6 kernel.  If you have a new install yours might not have the 2.6 kernel available, or it may be in a different place, but I hope this helps someone.


Can't login after lock screen (black screen)

I have already opened a bug report on Launchpad. Please comment there if you have the same problem.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/1617471


You need set the JAVA_HOME path us environment variables. Add in shell config file /etc/bash.bashrc path variables. For do this just run follow command in terminal:

sudo nano /etc/bash.bashrc

And copy & past follow code in bottom of the file:

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

Also visit: How to set JAVA_HOME in Ubuntu?.


How to create a limited user account for SSH

File transfer (and sharing) over SSH is done using the sftp protocol usually.

And you can set up OpenSSH to chroot to the user's directory while forcing sftp (no command line allowed) like explained in this how-to.


Compose key: how to type all pinyin tone marks?

I'm not on Ubuntu but since on Manjaro I had the same characters missing, maybe this will help you:
ǖ: compose _ ü

ǎ: compose c a
ǒ: compose c o
ǔ: compose c u
ǚ: compose c ü

There are other combinations to choose from, which you may find here:
/usr/share/X11/locale/en_US.UTF-8/Compose
You may even define your own combinations in ~/.XCompose (you can just create it, if it's not there).
include "%L"

<Multi_key> <minus> <udiaeresis> : "ǖ"
<Multi_key> <less> <a> : "ǎ"
<Multi_key> <less> <i> : "ǐ"
<Multi_key> <less> <o> : "ǒ"
<Multi_key> <less> <u> : "ǔ"
<Multi_key> <less> <udiaeresis> : "ǚ"

include "%L" loads the systems compose file from usr/share ....


Removing certain file types that do not contain the hostname in the file name

Your command does not work as expected because of rm *PC-*-*.json! it would expands by shell and includes all PC-x-x.json files.

Actually you're using xargs in a wrong way.

Something like this should do the job:

ls -Q1 | grep -v $hostname | grep -E "PC-1-[0-9]+\.json" | xargs echo

change echo  with rm when you where sure that it works.

A better solution would be using find:

find -type f -name "PC-*-*.json" -not -name "*$hostname*" -exec rm -i {} +

remove -i from rm after you were sure that command is working correctly.


Fresh install, nothing clickable, 16.04 LTS

Check if your display manager(lightdm or gdm) are up and running from your terminal. You can get into terminal mode using Ctrl + Alt + F1. Check status of lightdm or gdm using

service lightdm status

or

service gdm status

You can try restarting the service using service <name> restart.


Problem with deleting libmysqlclient16-dev from repository of 12.04

And all the features of libmysqlclient16-dev are in libmysqlclient-dev or not?!

Yes, they are.

  is it possible to use libmysqlclient-dev instead of libmysqlclient16-dev or not?!!

It should generally be possible to do that, unless your source has a hard-coded dependency upon libmysqlclient16-dev.

Note that libmysqlclient16-dev has been a dummy package since the days of Ubuntu 10.04, when the transition to naming the library libmysqlclient-dev had already been made.


Remove/downgrade kernels of a point release

Background

The key elements here are understanding what Ubuntu is using to install the latest kernel.

The generic packages are used to install both headers and the linux images themselves.

Thus, for the latest point releases of Ubuntu, the hardware-enablement packages would have been installed instead of the LTS 3.2 series of kernels.

If you remove the generic kernels then further updates to the kernel will not be automatically installed.  So in summary, cleaning up the generic-lts-xxxx kernels will stop the newer kernels being installed.

Installing the 3.2 series kernel

To ensure you have got the correct 3.2 kernel series generic packages installed on your server use the command line:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic

This will install the 3.2 series of kernels + the generic metapackage required to keep up-to-date with any security fixes.

Once installed, reboot - but this time boot into the 3.2 kernel.  This would be found in the previous section of the GRUB entries.

Login and check you have indeed booted into the 3.2 kernel:

uname -a

Cleaning up the HWE series of kernels

Now you need to purge the later HWE kernels

sudo apt-get purge linux-headers-3.8.0-* linux-headers-generic-lts-raring linux-image-3.8.0-* linux-image-generic-lts-raring

If you've got the saucy HWE kernels installed then you'll need to remove the 3.11 kernels and the generic-lts-saucy packages i.e.

sudo apt-get purge linux-headers-3.11.0-* linux-headers-generic-lts-saucy linux-image-3.11.0-* linux-image-generic-lts-saucy

Graphics

Given that you said you are running a LAMP server I'm presuming here that you do not have the xorg graphics installed i.e. you are using a text based interface.

If you are using a graphical interface you'll need to similarly downgrade your graphics stack

i.e.

sudo apt-get purge xserver-xorg-lts-quantal
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg

Caution

As always, when messing about with kernels for your server, always check you have a good image backup of your server to ensure you can rollback if something catastrophic goes wrong.


Found this message in a fresh Lubuntu 18.04.3 64 bit installation + latest updates
(5.0.0-27-generic kernel).
I can reproduce it doing:

sudo systemctl restart network-manager
cat /var/log/syslog | grep iwlwifi

The system works fine (include wifi connections).

It seems to be a not important warning. At https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=243922 it says:

  after the fix is applied contains the output "BIOS contains WGDS but no WRDS"


Will I lose mysql installation and associated databases if I reinstall Ubuntu?

Your databases will be lost if you reinstall Ubuntu.

If you want to have a .sql file that you can directly import into any system, you can do the following command: mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > ~/mysql-backup.sql.  It will prompt you for the MySQL root (administrative) user password, then dump all the SQL data into the file at /home/USER/mysql-backup.sql (where USER is the user you've logged into)

That file, then, can be used to restore all your database data, so make sure you download it somewhere other than your server.  Then, upload that file to the new server in your home directorywhen you want to restore the data, do: mysql -u root -p < ~/mysql-backup.sql

That will restore all your database data and your files.

Remember to back up your website data if the databases are part of a website, and also remember to back up (or download to a place on your computer but not at wherever you're reinstalling) any data you want to keep, as well.


My GUI has downgraded itself, and performance improved. Why and Why?

Check if you recently switched from a proprietary graphics driver
which supports 3D to a fall back 2D mode.
Check the state of your graphics card driver which might have been
knocked out by a kernel upgrade
Try using Unity 2D to get a faster desktop if you don't mind reduced desktop effects.


After a lot of tinkering, this is what I found:

UEFI settings didn't matter. Some folks encouraged legacy boot, but that's not an option for my platform.
Others suggested disabling PPT in BIOS or removing the splash from grub settings. This didn't work for me.
After reading a lot about Intel integrated GPUs not being recognized or not having the appropriate drivers loaded (which are part of the kernel), I tried using various flags for i915 support, but this didn't seem to be a great solution either.
I tried upgrading my kernel. Apparently i915 support was fixed in the 5.11 branch. However, upgrading past 5.10 is apparently broken on 20.04 and 20.10 unless you want to compile the kernel yourself or use a custom PPA (such as the one provided by tuxinvader). Kernel versions 5.11 and beyond require libc6 >= 2.33 (if you're just pulling the .deb files for them) and updating that on 20.04 and 20.10 isn't really something I want to muck with for a brand new system that I hoped would just work.

What worked, in the end? I just installed a fresh 21.04. Worked out of the box because it ships with kernel version 5.11. No tinkering. No extra config. Just a solved problem.
So, if you're running into a similar issue and have the ability to start fresh or upgrade your distro, this was by far the most straightforward solution.
Extra tip: I needed to write the USB installer with GPT and not MBR due to the chipset/BIOS that this OptiPlex / i7 10700 ships with.


Pepper flash plugin is installed but doesn't work on chromium

Despite what was said on Ubuntu wiki and here to simply install flash on Chromium by pepperflashplugin-nonfree package; I was forced to manually copy the pepperflash plugin file from Google chrome to chromium in the way expounded here :

  Download Google Chrome and extract libpepflashplayer.so from
  /opt/google/chrome/PepperFlash in the Chrome deb file Copy
  libpepflashplayer.so to /usr/lib/chromium-browser/plugins Make the
  necessary changes to the Chromium startup

sudo gedit /etc/chromium-browser/default

  Add this to the CHROMIUM_FLAGS

CHROMIUM_FLAGS="--ppapi-flash-path=/usr/lib/chromium-browser/plugins/libpepflashplayer.so --ppapi-flash-version=11.5.31.2"

  You can get the correct version of the flash plugin from the
  "version": json tag in the mainfest.json from
  /opt/google/chrome/PepperFlash in the Chrome deb file

Now I have Adobe Flash Player - Version: 16.0.0.291 on Chromium and it works fine.
I don't know if I could get updates for flash on Chromium using this on Trminal:

sudo update-pepperflashplugin-nonfree --status

Because it doesn't give anything on Terminal.

If you have any idea of how to keep the flash player updated on Chromium (without manually copying .so file eachtime a new version is released);

Also about the reason of pepperflashplugin-nonfree didn't copy the plugin file in Chromium folder or didn't update CHROMIUM_FLAGS="" in /etc/chromium-browser/default automtically, please let me know in comments.

Thanks


How do I hold all updates related to nvidia 346.72 driver?

TL;DR Use this command:

sudo apt-mark hold nvidia-346

Example:

% sudo apt-mark hold nvidia-346
nvidia-346 set on hold.

And the unhold:

sudo apt-mark unhold nvidia-346

Example:

% sudo apt-mark unhold nvidia-346
Canceled hold on nvidia-346.

From man apt-mark

hold
   hold is used to mark a package as held back, which will prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or removed. The command is only a wrapper around dpkg --set-selections and the state is
   therefore maintained by dpkg(1) and not affected by the --file option.

unhold
   unhold is used to cancel a previously set hold on a package to allow all actions again.


IcedTea and OpenJDK-8 packages errors after upgrading to 16.04

Problem solved! Thank you user xubu1957 on forum.ubuntu-fr.org: cf here

In short:

sudo apt-get purge openjdk-\*
sudo apt-get install openjdk-9-jre icedtea-8-plugin


Eclipse loses focus after switching workspace

Assuming you are working with two screens.. One (slightly weird) solution to avoid undocking any panes is to stretch the window across two screens and keep the windows docked.


Dependency issue (gir 1.2) cannot install VLC (Problematic PPA)

You could try the following, but be warned, there is a chance you can break your system:

sudo dpkg --purge --pending
sudo apt-get install -f


Error accessing Gio.Gsettings on application made in quickly

So I think I may have psuedo-solved my own problem. I copied my schemas from ~/app-name-here/data/glib-2.0/schemas/net.launchpad.app-name-here.gschema.xml to /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/net.launchpad.app-name-here.gschema.xml and then compiled my schemas. I'll put the commands to do so below if it can help anyone. (replace app-name-here with the actual name of your quickly app) I believe that this would be done automatically if I had packaged my app into a *deb and then installed it. I believe the problem was that the schemas were not available to all users or the code outside the directory I was workin.

$: sudo cp ~/app-name-here/data/glib-2.0/schemas/net.launchpad.app-name-here.gschema.xml /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/
$: sudo glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/


How to instantiate SSH session between computers in two networks?

You're using private IP adresses on your LANs (192.168.0.0/16), which is perfectly normal, but these are also known as "non-routable" IP addresses.

It means that Internet routers automatically drop packets that are bound to such IPs, but I don't know the behavior of consumer routers (I assume it's what you're using here).

You should first check that you can at least reach for the machine you're trying to log into through SSH :

"traceroute -n IP2" or "tracepath -n IP2" from a command shell on host with IP1


How can I backup and encrypt with tar, split and openssl, all in one command?

How about this?

tar -cvpj /path/to/directory | openssl aes-256-cbc -kfile /path/to/enc.key | split -d -b 4000m - backup.tar.bz2.enc.

To extract:

cat backup.tar.bz2.enc.* | openssl aes-256-cbc -d -kfile /path/to/enc.key | tar xvjf -

EDIT: I noticed that split has --filter.

EDIT: Since cbc chains blocks, it makes it difficult to join.  I put the split after the encryption to make this easier.


How do I get out of the endless cycle of GNU GRUB terminal?

Immediately after posting my question, I realized that the answer on that page I mentioned left out a step, but linked to the correct solution.

after running

update-grub

I also needed to run

grub-install /dev/sda

Blah, I guess now at least it's here, and not just on an external link.


For Ubuntu 14.04 and earlier, this is not in the repositories, but you can install is yourself. (I tested this on Ubuntu 12.04 and 14.04).

A prerequisite is NumPy.  If you don't have this for Python3, then open a terminal (CTLALTT).

sudo apt-get install python3-numpy

Easy Way (using PIP)

If you don't have PIP for Python 3, you can get it on Ubuntu 14.04 by doing

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

and on Ubuntu 12.04, by doing

sudo apt-get install python3-setuptools
sudo easy_install3 pip

Now, to install Nibabel, do

sudo pip3 install nibabel

Done.

Hard Way (build from source)

We'll use git to download Nibabel, so type this command

sudo apt-get install git

Download nibabel by typing

git clone https://github.com/nipy/nibabel.git

then move to the new nibabel directory by doing

cd nibabel

At this point, you can do sudo python3 setup.py install, but it's better to use the program checkinstall which will make it easier to uninstall the package if you need to.  So type

sudo apt-get install checkinstall

and install nibabel with

sudo checkinstall python3 setup.py install

If it asks Should I create a default set of package docs? [y]:, hit YENTER.

When it says Please write a description for the package, you can type whatever (I typed "python3-nibabel") and hit ENTERENTER .

When it says This package will be built according to these values:, hit ENTER.

If it asks Do you want me to list them?  [n]:, hit NENTER.

If it asks Should I exclude them from the package? ..., hit YENTER.

You should be done.  Type python3, then import nibabel to check that it worked.  If you need to uninstall it, open a terminal and type: sudo apt-get remove nibabel.


run sudo apt install linux-headers-4.10.0-20-generic


How do you install CUDA 11 on Ubuntu 20.10 and verify the installation

Install the NVIDIA driver
This might be an optional step, but it is always good to first remove potential previously installed NVIDIA drivers:
sudo apt-get purge *nvidia*
sudo apt autoremove

Next, let's install the latest driver:
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-455

After this, we need to restart the computer to finalize the driver installation.
Next we can verify whether the drive was succesfully installed:
nvidia-smi

This should contain the following or similar:

NVIDIA-SMI 455.28       Driver Version: 455.28

Install CUDA Toolkit
Next we can install the CUDA toolkit:
sudo apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit

We also need to set the CUDA_PATH. Add this
export CUDA_PATH=/usr

at the end of your .bashrc and run
source ~/.bashrc

Now your CUDA installation should be complete, and
nvidia-smi

should indicate that you have CUDA 11.1 installed.
Test the CUDA toolkit installation /configuration
One of the best way to verify whether CUDA is properly installed is using the official "CUDA-sample". Ubuntu does not package them as part of "nvidia-cuda-toolkit" but we can download them directly from NVIDIA's github page:
wget https://github.com/NVIDIA/cuda-samples/archive/v11.1.tar.gz
tar xvf v11.1.tar.gz
cd cuda-samples-11.1

For whatever reason, NVIDIA did not chose to include a modern build system (e.g. cmake), but ships a plain old Makefile instead. If just running "make" does not work for you, carefully read the error messages and see whether e.g. some required dependencies are not installed.
In order to help the build process a little, it might be advisable to specify the compute architecture of your GPU.

You can find out your GPU by running nvidia-smi. Mine is a Quadro RTX 3000.
Next google your GPU to find out the corresponding compute architecture. For the Quadro RTX 3000, it is "turing", version 7.5.
Specify the architecture version when running make, e.g.

make SMS="75"

If the compilation was succesful, you can try out one of the samples. For instance:
./bin/x86_64/linux/release/immaTensorCoreGemm

You should see the following or similar output:
M: 4096 (16 x 256)
N: 4096 (16 x 256)
K: 4096 (16 x 256)
Preparing data for GPU...
Required shared memory size: 64 Kb
Computing... using high performance kernel compute_gemm_imma
Time: 6.030176 ms
TOPS: 22.79


Does Canonical have other deals with companies like the Amazon search feature?

Good question (reasons below):

It's open-source so it doesn't need much funding considering the community contributes a lot of coding time - nearly all Ubuntu packages are based nearly entirely on community-made code (essentially everything other than Unity, the Ubuntu Software Centre and some patches for some applications to work better with Unity).
Donations on download. Since you can just download it free anyway this probably doesn't raise much.
Canonical's paid services to companies (Ubuntu Advantage/Landscape) including Google, these help because they cost a lot and the overflow from this goes to Ubuntu.
Presumably royalties (support costs etc...) from the Ubuntu Phone.


How do I install LAMPP Full in Ubuntu 16.04?

In Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS you can follow these steps to install Apache2, MySQL, PHP7 and phpmyadmin, I tested this today and it shouln't give you any kind of problems:

Install Apache2:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install apache2

Edit the file /etc/apache2/apache2.conf, add the following line at the end:

ServerName <yourDomainOrIP>

Check if your config is OK:

sudo apache2ctl configtest

The output should be like this: Syntax OK
Restart Apache to implement changes:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Verify if Apache is working, open you browser and go to: http://your_ip_address, you should see somehing like the following image:

Install MySQL:

sudo apt install mysql-server

During this installation you will be asked to enter the MySQL password.
Secure your MySQL installation executing:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Choose the options that you prefer in this step.
Install PHP:

sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mcrypt php-mysql

Edit the file /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dir.conf, after editing it should look like this:

<IfModule mod_dir.c>
    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.cgi index.pl index.xhtml index.htm
</IfModule?

Restart Apache and check its status:

sudo systemctl restart apache2
sudo systemctl status apache2

After this step if you want to install PHP modules, you can search for them using:

apt-cache search php- | less

Test if PHP works, create an info.php:

sudo nano /var/www/html/info.php

An put the following content inside:

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

Now go to http://your_ip_address/info.php and you should see something like the image below:

Install phpmyadmin:

sudo apt install phpmyadmin php-mbstring php-gettext

During the installation you will be asked to choose your web server (apache2) and if you want to use dbconfig-common to configure the db, finally the password for phpmyadmin will be requested.

This process adds phpmyadmin to /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/, you can verify it with: ls /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/

Enable PHP mcrypt and mbstring:

sudo phpenmod mcrypt
sudo phpenmod mbstring

Restart Apache again and test if everything works.

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Go to http://your_ip_address/phpmyadmin and you will see the login page:

Enter your credentials and then you're done:

Hope it helps.


turns out the permissions fault came from my ~/.config/ folder, the location of my monitors.xml file. By default it was 700, once I changed it to 755, the symbolic link (and my correct login screen rotation) worked.


How to control and clear the print spooler in Ubuntu 16.4

There are (at least) two ways:

The graphical way: Point your browser to the CUPS Admin Page
http://localhost:631/

The command line way: Begin with a lot of reading, man -k cups, plus these man pages: lpr(1), cancel(1), lp(1), lpadmin(8), lpoptions(1), lpq(1), lprm(1), lpstat(1), and the  CUPS Online Help (http://localhost:631/help)


migrate server correctly with letsencrypt

I visited your site - outliip.org

The certificate is made out to www.outliip.org, while the site URL is outliip.org, and www.outliip.org redirects to outliip.org. For the purposes of certificates, this is two distinct sites. The hostname of the site must match the hostnames (Common Name or Alternative Name) specified in the certificate.

This is why it is shown as unsafe. The domain does not match the hostname.

Either move your site to www.outliip.org, make a new certificate for outliip.org, or make a new certificate, which includes both www.outliip.org and outliip.org. This can be done by specifying multiple domains (-d outliip.org -d www.outliip.org) when requesting certificates with certbot.

The redirect can be trivially checked as well:

$ curl -I https://www.outliip.org
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
Date: Sun, 29 Apr 2018 20:02:55 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=g05refh2co4njmcoic3jp1kk61; path=/
Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT
Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
X-Pingback: https://outliip.org/xmlrpc.php
Location: https://outliip.org/


Putting nvme_load=YES boot parameter to GRUB is irrelevant because your M.2 SSD is SATA-III, not NVMe. You don't need any drivers for a SATA M.2 drive, they're already in your kernel. You attached it into your system correctly, as per the photos.

Instead, use gparted to prepare the drive so it holds an ext4 partition, and then move your /home partition there.

Either GPT or MBR will work with Windows and Linux; Windows 10 uses GPT by default, whereas Windows 7 used MBR by default.

--

I know you were not planning to do so, but you might consider instead reinstalling Ubuntu on that SSD, because it's significantly faster than your HDD. The reinstallation would work as the prior installation did, except when you get to 6. Allocate Disk Space, you choose Something Else, and tell it to install to the SSD. It will automate the gparted process so you can skip doing that first.

Once the installation is completed and you reboot, you can copy your data from your old /home/WHATEVERYOURUSERNAMEIS directory to the new drive.

You will like the speed of the SSD; I got spoiled by mine, and will not go back to HDDs.

Incidentally, here's a picture of gparted .

The yellow arrow pointing down into the orange box shows where you can pick the drive you are looking at with gparted. The green oval at center left shows this drive is MBR/ms-dos, because only those partitions have Extended partitions. GPT does not need Extended partitions to hold any partition greater than the third; there's no limit on the number of GPT partitions you can have on a drive.


cp -Rdfp $source/* $dest/ wont copy .htaccess

In bash, the * glob doesn't include hidden files ('dotfiles') by default - you can enable that explicitly by setting the dotglob shell option e.g.

shopt -s dotglob
cp -Rdfp $source/* $dest

You can unset the option after with shopt -u dotglob.

Alternatively, if $dest does not already exist, the much simpler

cp -Rdfp $source $dest

(avoiding the glob altogether) should work as well.


s2disk works, but hibernation from menu gets stuck afer login

Perhaps you forgot (like me) to specify the resume & resume_offset Linux boot parameters? Without the resume_offset I had nearly the same problem: black screen on "s2disk: Returned to userspace" message.

I've written here a full answer to be able to resume from a swap file.


script to disable one of the external screens?

I use an script called monitor1 which disables my secondary monitor. It contains  this:

#!/bin/sh
#final()
#coding=utf8

# Desactiva el monitor secundari:

xrandr --output DVI-I-1 --off

Of course, you'll have to change DVI-I-1 with the name of the  monitor you want to disable. To enable both monitors I use other script called monitor2:

#!/bin/sh
#final()
#coding=utf8

# Activa el monitor secundari com extensió del primari:

xrandr --output DVI-I-1 --mode 1280x1024 --noprimary --pos 1024x0

This re-activates the secondary monitor and places it to the top right of the primary monitor.

To find out which monitors do you have (which names) you can use  xrandr:

xrandr --current

For instance, mine looks  like this:

    Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 2646 x 1024, maximum 16384 x 16384
DVI-I-0 connected 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 410mm x 230mm
DVI-I-1 connected 1280x1024+1366+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 352mm x 264mm

As you can see, I have a primary monitor always on and a secondary one I turn off when  playing games on fullscreen, specially with wine.

Hope it helps, good luck!


Installing 32 bit libraries on 64 system, libz.so.1 missing

Install dependencies 32 bits in 64 bit envirennements:

sudo apt-get install build-essential gcc-multilib gcc-4.8-multilib g++-multilib g++-4.8-multilib lib32z1 lib32ncurses5 lib32bz2-1.0 libc6-dev libgmp-dev libmpfr-dev libmpc-dev

Install the librarie

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386


First of all, don't reinvent the wheel. That's precisely what denyhosts is for:

   DenyHosts  is a python program that automatically blocks ssh attacks by
   adding entries to /etc/hosts.deny.  DenyHosts will  also  inform  Linux
   administrators  about  offending  hosts,  attacked users and suspicious
   logins.

As far as I know, denyhosts is only for ssh connections but there's also
fail2ban that deals with pretty much anything:

   Fail2Ban consists of a client, server and configuration files to  limit
   brute force authentication attempts.

   The  server  program  fail2ban-server is responsible for monitoring log
   files and issuing ban/unban commands.  It  gets  configured  through  a
   simple  protocol  by fail2ban-client, which can also read configuration
   files and issue corresponding configuration commands to the server.

Both are available in the repositories:

sudo apt-get install denyhosts fail2ban

You could also script this, if you like. Something like:

#!/usr/bin/env sh
netstat -an |
    awk -vmax=100 '/tcp/{split($5,a,":"); if(a[1] > 0 && a[1]!="0.0.0.0"){c[a[1]]++}}
    END{for(ip in c){if(c[ip]>max){print ip}}}' |
        while read ip; do iptables -I INPUT 1 -s "$ip" -j DROP; done

The awk will extract the IPs and count them and only print those that appear more than max times (here, -vmax=100, change it accordingly). The IPs are then fed to a while loop that runs the relevant iptables rule.

To run this 24/7, I would make a cronjob that runs the command above every  minute or so. Add this line to /etc/crontab

* * * * * root /path/to/script.sh


edit: I misunderstood your question (before your edits). Your target system seems to be set up without execute rights for all on the /bin/* content. That is either intentional, or a configuration error.

ls -al /bin

(as root) should show you if that is the case. For example, on my system, I get:

ls -al /bin/ls

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 110080 Mar 24 15:35 /bin/ls

I assume for your system it is
-rwxr-xr-- 1 root root 110080 Mar 24 15:35 /bin/ls

So, to solve your problem, fix the rights on /bin.


Files created on WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) are located at

C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.Ubuntu18.04onWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc\LocalState\rootfs\home\

This is the location of home directory. Now you can find your file depending on where you saved it on gedit. Do not attempt to modify files. If you need a file, just create a copy of the file on your machine.

Note: This method may seem most convinient, but make to to know about the consequences here


18.04 upgrade from 17.10, now no sound & touchpad problem R click

I downloaded the gnome tweaks and it fixed the touchpad problem.

Open Ubuntu software (orange briefcase) and type in the search "gnome tweaks".. launch the program and under keyboard and mouse tab>Mouse click emulation> choose AREA..click bottom right.....


Gnome-shell displays application menus in its panel

You could install Gnome Tweak Tool

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

Then open it and turn the option on Desktop: "Have file manager handle desktop" off.


Ubuntu 14.04 waiting for network configuration on ESXi

It looks like it thinks your network interface is in a half-configured state.

Ubuntu will say interface eth0 not configured when it doesn't think that eth0 is configured as specified in /etc/network/interfaces, or the interface wasn't configured using the ifdown/ifup system.  The RTNETLINK answers: File exists happens when something like an IP address or route is already configured, and it tries to configure it a second time (not the best error message, I agree!).

I tend to see this problem when changing the /etc/network/interfaces config. Usually, if I'm directly sitting at the machine, I will ifdown the interface, change the config, and then ifup it to not trigger this.

In this case, you need to manually clean up the interface state.

So, do this, from the VMware console (not over SSH as you are taking some of the networking down and might lock yourself out).

#will probably get an error- thats fine
ifdown eth0
# remove default gateway route
ip route del default via xx.x.66.161 dev eth0
# remove the IP address on the interface
ip addr del xx.x.66.169/27 dev eth0
# Mark the interface as down
ifconfig eth0 down
# Use the /etc/network/interfaces config system to configure the interface
ifup eth0

If you still have problems after that, it might be because of having gateway stuff on both connections -- but I might just be being overly cautious about that since I have never really run a setup that way.


VirtualBox - Windows XP machine "A network cable is unplugged"

A couple days ago, my VB with XP stopped resizing the screen when resizing the window, so I reinstalled the Guest Additions. Didn't work for me, but you could try doing this.

Finally I ended up upgrading the VB to the latest version (v5) and everything works again. No need to reconfigure anything on the guest OS. Just open the virtual machine with the new version.

I'm using Ubuntu 14.04 64-bits
and now, VirtualBox 5.0.10 r104061

Hope it helps.


Ubuntu16.04 boot to black screen hp pavilion

The nomodeset can be set as a default, by editing the grub configuration files:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Find the line starting with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT, and add nomodeset to the list of parameters.  Then press ctrl+o to save the file, and  ctrl+x to exit.

Follow this with sudo update-grub


External Hard drive not recognized on Ubuntu server 20.04 lts. Linux mint 20 does see it

BIOS
Dell Inspiron 5547
You have BIOS version A11, from 2/24/2018.
There's a newer BIOS available, version A13, from 9/24/2019, and can be downloaded here.
Note: Confirm that I have the correct web page for your model #.
Note: Have good backups before updating the BIOS.
USB3 external disk
You're using an improper cable for USB3. Your cable has black ends. That's for USB2. USB3 cables have blue ends. Obtain the proper cable and retest. (Or, try plugging into a USB2 port on the computer and see if it works there with the black-ended cable.)


In terminal, what is the path of my HDDs?

On OS X those would be the mount points.  Under Ubuntu you would want to look at /media/USERNAME/ for those.  Though if the volume has not been mounted you could look at /dev/disk/by-label.

If the drives are paritioned and formatted, then you can navigate to them by doing something like cd /media/USERNAME/LABEL where USERNAME is your user name and LABEL is the label for the partition.

If your drives haven't been formatted, then you wouldn't see them in either location and you would instead want to look for /dev/sd[a-z].  That is, you'd have an entry like /dev/sda and /dev/sdb.  If they are partitioned, then you should also see /dev/sda[0-9] and /dev/sdb[0-9] (for example, /dev/sda1.)  But you'd have to at least format them before you can mount them and navigate to them...

If you haven't mounted the volumes, you can do it through nautilus by just clicking on the volume name.  Or from the terminal you can use udisksctl.  For example, I have a drive that is partitioned with just one file system.  The label of the drive is "d_extra".  I can view it in /dev/disk/by-label:

$ ls -l /dev/disk/by-label
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jul 17 15:34 d_extra -> ../../sdb1

Then, once I know the name, I can mount it via udisksctl like so:

$ udisksctl mount -o noatime -b /dev/disk/by-label/d_extra

Then I can cd to it and view files:

$ cd /media/stephen/d_extra
$ ls


How to insert a line after a particular pattern?

GNU sed doesn’t know the \d shorthand, you can use either [0-9] or [:digit:] instead, and you need to enable extended regular expression (ERE) syntax with the -r option for + to be recognized as a metacharacter:

sed -ir 's/^[0-9]+\s+[0-9]+\s+[0-9]+\s+[A-Za-z]+\s+[0-9]+\s+[0-9]+:[0-9]+:[0-9]+\s+[0-9]+.*/&\nno comments/' tmp.txt

& on the right is replaced with the whole match, so you don’t need to create a group. $ at the end is not necessary if your expression ends with .*. The globally flag makes sed replace all matches in the line, that’s not needed when you already match the whole line. The i flage makes the regex case-insensitive, but you did that already by using [A-Za-z] and not [a-z] or [A-Z], so you can omit that too.

Groups are not only a way to cut out parts of the match in order to use it in the replacement, they also serve as a way to combine sequences. In your case they come in handy to merge e.g.

[0-9]+\s+[0-9]+\s+[0-9]+\s+

to

([0-9]+\s+){3}

which shortens your regex:

sed -ir 's/^([0-9]+\s+){3}[A-Za-z]+\s+[0-9]+\s+([0-9]+:){2}[0-9]+\s+[0-9]+.*/&\nno comments/' tmp.txt

Example run

$ <s sed -r 's/^([0-9]+\s+){3}[A-Za-z]+\s+[0-9]+\s+([0-9]+:){2}[0-9]+\s+[0-9]+.*/&\nno comments/'
INV_YTEC_TR::
3 3 1 May  7 05:31:11 2019
no comments
CA AOI1 0 0 -1 -3176120 1602000 12
A 0.4

Further reading

GNU sed manual chapter 5.6 regular expression extensions explaining the recognized shorthand classes


Apt-get wants me to remove packages (from r-cran) that I need

This situation resolved itself. Though previously repeated with each and every individual update, the most recent batch of updates did not display that suggestion. All the R libraries are working and up-to-date.


Drag-and-drop works brilliantly in Unity (in 11.04). You can drag and drop both directly onto open windows, or onto the applications launcher.

In the screenshot below I'm drag-n-dropping a video file. The launcher fades the icons of all the programs that can't handle a video file, leaving only Banshee and Totem. Note that in this example then Totem is already open, but Banshee isn't. Both light up to allow you to drag-and-drop into them.


What is throttling multithreaded performance?

It is more likely then not due to CPU scaling.

See https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/CPU_frequency_scaling

CPU frequency scaling for 12.04?

https://wiki.debian.org/HowTo/CpuFrequencyScaling

You can set your governer to performance

GOVERNOR="performance"

http://www.servernoobs.com/avoiding-cpu-speed-scaling-in-modern-linux-distributions-running-cpu-at-full-speed-tips/

Personally I would set it back to ondemand once you are done using it


Is there any way to compile Notepad++ from source?

One of the main features of Notepad++ is that it "uses pure Win32 API". This makes it very Windows-specific- it's using builtin Windows functions for a lot of its user interface and general functioning. Getting it to run on any other platform (without Windows API-imitators like Wine) would require a pretty major rewrite.


Best option would be to backup the /home partition and reinstall rest of the system while keeping the /home partition as it is.

Next time when you do the update, see carefully that no new windows have opened, updating to another release sometimes creates new windows that prompt you to clear some stuff or what ever, but they might not appear on top of the actual upgrade process.


On xterm, press the Control key and at the same time left-click somewhere on the xterm window.

A menu should appear, where you can select "Meta Sends Escape" that should do what you ask

To set this option as default, create a file of name .Xresources in you home, and put the following line into it:

XTerm.metaSendsEscape: true

then restart your session.


Can I use IPv6 connectivity through openVPN if my router does not support it?

There exists an IPv6 mapping to every existing IPc4 connection

So if your router and ISP are running an IPv4  link to you, openVPN should have no problems making an IPv6 link.

Thus yes.


Configuring my Ralink RT61 wifi card with Ubuntu 10.10 server

It turns out that iwconfig was a complete red herring. I instead tried configuring wpa_supplicant, and that did the job. For the benefit of future generations, here's the incantation that I used:

wpa_supplicant -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

With the following wpa_supplicant.conf file:

ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant

network={
    ssid="SSID"
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
    proto=WPA
    psk="passphrase"
}


Ubuntu One failed to sync after password change

I had a similar issue and posted a question here: File sync error (AUTH_FAILED).

I managed to figure out a fix on my own, but it's not letting me answer my own question yet. :)

There is a program called ubuntu-sso-login-qt that is found in c:\Program Files (x86)\ubuntuone\dist.  I ran that, told it to login with my existing account, then restarted the Ubuntu One control panel.  All is happy again.

Hope this helps.


What is the best way to bypass China firewall to allow SSH deploy@**.com

VPN should not slow down or shape your speed anyway, unless the VPN administrator intentionally does that.

If possible, get a Amazon EC2 micro - free tier as your bridge and do what you want from that virtual machine (Xen based), could be in APAC, US or Europe which is outside the GFW.

I don't fully understand what you mean by SSH deploy@**.com, are you trying to ssh to a remote host to run scripts on that host? If you can explain what you are trying better, folks here can better help you.