403 forbidden error in Apache with document root on an NTFS partition

It appears that your Windows drive D is mounted at /media/Files

In that case, your files are actually in /media/Files/Files/web_files. Please try editing the default sites-available file with that path, restart Apache with sudo service apache2 restart and see if it works.

Additionally, as Marty notes in the comments, it appears Nautilus mounts NTFS partitions with odd permissions so that no user but yourself (and root, of course) can read or write from/to it.

To solve that, close all Nautilus windows, stop apache2, open a terminal and do the following:

sudo umount /dev/sda3
mkdir /media/DriveD
sudo ntfs-3g /dev/sda3 /media/DriveD

Now start apache2 and see if it works. If it does, it's best to put the mount in /etc/fstab as Marty noted.

If you don't want to edit your /etc/fstab file, do this

Open a terminal and type

udisks --mount /dev/sda3 --mount-options umask=022

I suppose, your partition was already labeled as "Files". In this case, it will be mounted to /media/Files directory. Then you can execute php files in them. But if it is not labeled as "Files", I recommend to do so by using disk-utility. Or if you prefer not labeling, change your etc/apache2/sites-available/default file, to the actual mount point.

Note: If you do not have a label with the partition, It will get mounted in /media/xxxx.... folder, where xxxx... is the UUID of the partition.

Credit goes to this answerer


Why I am getting a fresh new installed ubuntu 12.04 on each restart?

Okay presuming your installation is on a usb stick installed with Universal USB Installer or like program and is in persistent mode check if there is an caper-rw icon is in the launcher if no then you have two options you need to reinstall the os using Universal USB Installer or like program and set the persistent file to th capacity of the usb stick not more.The other solution is to create the casper-rw file while in ubuntu follow the link to do so http://www.pendrivelinux.com/how-to-create-a-larger-casper-rw-loop-file/


How can i merge two drives in same HDD uaing Windows 10 or Ubuntu?

use a third party partitioning software (Gparted in Ubuntu or AOMEI Partition Assistant in Windows) to merge unallocated space with the local drive you want.


Upgrade warning for 3D graphics not supported, but this is brand new system, Intel graphics. What's up?

This might be because Ubuntu 12.04 still had unity 2d,while later version only support unity 3d.
Intel graphics are mostly used for mid-low end models.
Honestly I would just back up all my data and try to install 14.04.If it fails,then 12.04 is supported all the way until 2017,and I would just reinstall it.Perhaps you could create a third partition and install 14.04 there until you are convinced it works.


Xubuntu on boot screen - how do I get the Ubuntu logo back?

In terminal...

sudo update-alternatives --config default.plymouth
sudo update-alternatives --config text.plymouth
sudo update-initramfs -u


How to list all the shortcuts that is active in XUbuntu?

Following command will list all shortcut keys in xfce desktop (Xubuntu):
xfconf-query -c xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts -lv

You can see your custom shortcut keys with
xfconf-query -c xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts -p /commands/custom -l -v

You can remove a custom shortcut with the command like
xfconf-query -c xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts -p '/commands/custom/<Alt>F2' -r -R

This will only allow you to list global shortcut keys that are defined within the xfce desktop environemnt. Global shortcuts are shortcuts that are active independent of which window is in focus. Also applications can define global shortcuts, e.g. screenrecording apps that define shortcuts to start or stop them. Such global keys, however, will be active only when the application is running.
There is no generic way, if there is a way at all, to list global keys set by a specific application (it needs to be running for these keys to be active) or to list application specific shortcut keys.


Do I need to put image metadata in a private bucket?

Both public-bucket and public-bucket-url settings were deprecated some time ago and are  ignored. Only the control-bucket is used, if specified - otherwise it's randomly generated. The private bucket is now the only way to override fetching juju tools with a specified version from simplestreams data.

For example, running juju bootstrap --upload-tools after ensuring you ran the equivalent of:

# cd $GOPATH/src/launchpad.net/juju-core/cmd/juju
 # go install .
 # cd ../jujud
 # go install .

packages the juju binaries (juju and jujud) from $PATH into a release tarball and uploads it to the control-bucket. Then, cloud-init script runs when the bootstrap machine boots, downloading and installing the most recent current tools (which--upload-tools always ensures). So juju bootstrap --upload-tools, if hacky it's certainly useful to test changes to the juju-core source in an actual deployment.

Alternatively, you could run:

juju sync-tools --all --public --source=~/.juju/local/storage/tools/release/

right after running juju bootstrap -e local --upload-tools
(assuming you've run the 2 go install commands mentioned earlier, when building from source). That way, you'll need to run juju bootstrap -e local and observe the progress/check the logs.


According to the manual you provided you can set mptcp_enabled, mptcp_checksum, mptcp_syn_retries, mptcp_path_manager, mtcp_scheduler.

You can write commands:

sysctl -w net.mptcp.mptcp_enabled=1
sysctl -w net.mptcp.mptcp_checksum=1
sysctl -w net.mptcp.mptcp_syn_retries=3
sysctl -w net.mptcp.mptcp_path_manager=default
sysctl -w net.mptcp.mptcp_mtcp_scheduler=default

These are just examples. You can set other values. These values are set for the running kernel and when you reboot they will be forgotten. If you want the system to rememeber these settings you have to put them in the file /etc/sysctl.conf like this:

net.mptcp.mptcp_enabled=1
net.mptcp.mptcp_checksum=1
net.mptcp.mptcp_syn_retries=3
net.mptcp.mptcp_path_manager=default
net.mptcp.mptcp_mtcp_scheduler=default

Again you set the values you want.

If you cannot set these parameters, I would say you don't have the support compiled into kernel.


Bash: 'if' statement always seems to evaluate first condition as true even when false

The problem is your if-condition is wrong. It does not do what you think it does.

if TouchpadOff=0; then

This runs TouchpadOff=0 as a shell command, which creates a variable $TouchpadOff and assigns it the value 0. As this should normally run successfully, the result is that the condition is always true.

You'll have to call the synclient command and parse its output to check the state of the TouchpadOff property, like e.g. this way:

if [[ "$(synclient | grep 'TouchpadOff' | awk '{print $3}')" -eq 0 ]] ; then

This will run synclient | grep 'TouchpadOff' | awk '{print $3}', which parses the output of synclient for a line containing "TouchpadOff" and returns the third column of that line.
It's inside a command substitution $( ... ), so that whole part will be substituted with the output of the inner command.
Then [[ ... -eq 0 ]] checks whether the substituted output is equal to 0 and makes that the condition for the if-statement.


How do I define the window icon used by window managers?

Generally, the icon is part of the theme, and should generally be the same icon as defined in the .desktop file. However, this really depends on the application. In many cases there won't necessarily be a file on the filesystem with the icon, as the icon will be embedded in the application itself.

So, it depends on what the application is doing in this case, as there are several ways for it to set the titlebar icons for its windows.


Cannot detect if a MouseArea is over a GridView item

It sounds like you should be using Drag and Drop in addition to just MouseArea, as shown in https://developer.ubuntu.com/api/apps/qml/current/QtQuick.Drag/


Is there any support with a NetGear WNA3100 USB Adapter in Ubuntu 12.10?

Best resource i found was here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=11199585


When trying to turn the state suspend state the screen goes black, and after one second computer returns to the desktop.My motherboard is Asus P5N-MX


Where is the proper place to add a custom DNS IP to an ubuntu 16.04 server that is using DHCP?

You should do two things: Yes, add the DNS that you want to your /etc/network/interfaces file; And change your /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf file to not ask for it via when it is getting or renewing it's IP lease.

These examples are from my main 16.04 server: First, /etc/network/interfaces file (in my case the DNS is this server itself):

doug@DOUG-64:~/config/etc/network$ cat interfaces
# interfaces file for smythies.com 2016.01.30
#       attempt to set local DNS herein, as the method
#       used with the old 12.04 server no longer works.
#
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
pre-up /home/doug/init/doug_firewall
dns-nameservers 127.0.0.1

# The primary interface (d-link PCI card)
auto enp4s0
iface enp4s0 inet dhcp

# Local network interface (uses built in ethernet port)
auto enp2s0
iface enp2s0 inet static
  address 192.168.111.1
  network 192.168.111.0
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  broadcast 192.168.111.255

And, etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf:

doug@DOUG-64:~/config/etc/dhcp$ cat dhclient.conf
# Smythies.com 2016.02.02
#       For 16.04, in terms of DNS, this stuff isn't working.
#       Try deleting the domain-name-servers from the request.
#       See also /resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base.
#
...[snip]...

#request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers,
#       domain-name, domain-name-servers, domain-search, host-name,
#       netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope, interface-mtu,
#       rfc3442-classless-static-routes, ntp-servers;

request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers;


Terminal does not open in Ubuntu 16.04 with CTRL-ALT-T

1. Install / Reinstall Gnome Terminal

First we have to determine what the default terminal command is, so let's see what terminal(s) we have installed:

$ apt list --installed |grep -i terminal

On default 16.04 you should have gnome-terminal installed. If it is not installed, install it:

$ sudo apt install gnome-terminal

If it is installed, purge and reinstall it:

$ sudo apt purge gnome-terminal
$ sudo apt autoremove
$ sudo apt autoclean
$ sudo apt install gnome-terminal

Now let's make sure it's set properly:

sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator

Which should return something like this:

There are 5 choices for the alternative x-terminal-emulator (providing /usr/bin/x-terminal-emulator).

  Selection    Path                             Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/bin/gnome-terminal.wrapper   40        auto mode
  1            /usr/bin/gnome-terminal.wrapper   40        manual mode
  2            /usr/bin/koi8rxterm               20        manual mode
  3            /usr/bin/lxterm                   30        manual mode
  4            /usr/bin/uxterm                   20        manual mode
  5            /usr/bin/xterm                    20        manual mode

Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

It should be set to the first entry (0), if not set it to 0.

Confirm that your gnome-terminal.wrapper works by running it:

$ gnome-terminal.wrapper

If your terminal wrapper is broken, let me know and I will post a copy of mine or just skip to step 3.

Test your key combo, if it works, you're done! If not read on...

2. Sometimes keyboard shortcuts need to be manually reset.

Go to System Settings -> Keyboard -> Shortcuts -> Launchers and click on the line that says "Launch terminal". Where it once said the key command, it will now say "New accelerator...", press Ctrl+Alt+Shift+T

Test this new macro (Ctrl+Alt+Shift+T) and see if it works. If it doesn't work, move on to the next step. If it does work, click on the terminal line again and set it back to the original macro: Ctrl+Alt+T.

Now test your shortcut and see if it works. If it still doesn't work, we can make a custom shortcut to launch gnome-terminal.

3. Custom Shortcut to Launch gnome-terminal

Set the default terminal launcher to Ctrl+Alt+Shift+T as described above so it doesn't interfere with our new command.

Now click the plus (+) button at the bottom of the list to add a new item. Call the item "Terminal" with the command /usr/bin/gnome-terminal and click apply.

You should now have a menu item that looks like this:

Click on the word disabled and set the shortcut by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T.

Test your shortcut. If it still doesn't work, something must be wrong with your keyboard or keyboard settings. Make sure your language support and text entry settings are correct for your default language and keyboard and try setting an entirely new key combo and see if that works.


Found answer for my own question. Here's the answer. Install 'Disks' Utility app from software centre. It has the option to turn off the external hard disk.


how to move a specific range of files from one directory to another

This one works for an arbitrary number of files and can deal with weird file names (those containing spaces, newlines, backslashes or other weirdness):

#!/usr/bin/env bash

## This will keep track of the number of files processed
num=0;
## This is used to choose the righht subdir
dir=1;
## The initial value of the target directory
target="subdir1"

for file in *; do
    ## Skip unless this is a file
    if [ -f "$file" ]; then
        ## Create the target directory if it doesn't exist
        [ -d "$target" ] || mkdir  "$target"
        ## Move the current file
        mv "$file" "$target"
        ## Change the target if we're at a multiple of 2500
        if [[ $(( ++num % 2500 )) -eq 0 ]]; then
            target="subdir"$((++dir));
        fi
    fi
done

You can also implement the same thing using find:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

## This will keep track of the number of files processed
num=0;
## This is used to choose the right subdir
dir=1;
## The initial value of the target directory
target="subdir1"

## Run your find, with -print0 to print NUL-separated values. This
## is needed for file names that contain newlines
find . -type f -print0 |
    ## The IFS= makes this deal with spaces, the -d ''  sets the input delimiter
    ## to NUL so ti can work with -print0 and the -r makes it work with backslashes
    while IFS= read -d '' -r file; do
    ## Create the target directory if it doesn't exist
    [ -d "$target" ] || mkdir  "$target"
    ## Move the current file
    mv "$file" "$target"
    ## Change the target if we're at a multiple of 2500
    if [[ $(( ++num % 2500 )) -eq 0 ]]; then
        target="subdir"$((++dir));
    fi
    done

Save that script as ~/bin/batch_rename.sh, make it executable (chmod a+x ~/bin/batch_rename.sh) and then run it from the directory where the files are.

NOTES

The first example will only find files in the current directory. To make it recursive, add this line to the beginning:

shopt -s globstar

Then, change the for file in * to for file in **/*.
The second example will find all files in this and any subdirectory. That may or may not be what you want.


How to enable IPv4 on ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS server

You don't need IPv4. The configuration above is little bit strange. (no public IPv6-Adresses).
My first question to the admin of the network would be:
Do you provide a web-proxy? So you can change the proxy settings, including access to ipv4-only-hosts.
But I would prefer IPv6 global unicast addresses. In that case the DNS (DNS64/NAT64) solves the problem. A proxy would have a similar effect.


How do I install Apache and PHP on 11.10?

LAMP Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP are external packages. Each package can be configured and installed separately. You may use the following steps to install manually.

Open your terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install php5 mysql-server apache2

The above command will install latest version of PHP which is version 5 and mysql-server with apache http server 2.

You will be prompted in terminal to give a password for your MySQL "root" user

After the the installation finished check Apache is working. Open your favorite browser and type localhost in the address bar. You should see a message "It works!"

Also check if php is working or if not,

Open your terminal and type: sudo gedit /var/www/info.php

copy and past the following info text

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Save and exit.

Restart apache:

sudo service apache2 restart

open your browser and type:

localhost/info.php

and you will see the PHP info page.


How do I fix a "Could not resolve hostname" Error in juju status?

There's a couple of things wrong here:

You have no DNS entry for hostname node-000c29d63ebb.local, which is what
the default node name is when using the enlistment process. You can cheat by
putting it in /etc/hosts
You only left a minute between starting the bootstrap and doing the status.
This step can take 30-60 minutes depending on the hardware of the node which
is being bootstrapped (it installs a new OS on it).

So, make that hostname resolvable and then wait for the bootstrap to finish.


Basic script listing directories ([: discover: unexpected operator)

The following echoes all dirs in the current dir (but not the dotted ones, e.g. .git)

#!/bin/bash

find . -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type d | while read Directory; do
    echo "$Directory";
done


Asus UX303LA fn brightness keys not working

Since those keys don't have acpi functionality, you can set the function manually through ccsm using xbacklight commands.

Run the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager xbacklight

Now, press ALT + F2, type ccsm, and then press ENTER.
Next, enable the commands plugin and then click on the commands plugin.
Enter the command command line 0.
Click on the key bindings tab and click disabled on the command line 0 row.
Check the enabled box, click grab key combination and then press the key combo you would like to use to increase the brightness (fn + F6 for example). Click okay.
Finally, do the same for "command line 1" to set the brightness decrease except use the command xbacklight -dec 10 and use a different key combo (of course).

Thanks to this answer here provided by @TejasGhalsasi

You can set similar keyboard combos for other functions. The command to turn off wifi is:

nmcli r wifi off

and the command to turn wifi back on is:

nmcli r wifi on


This seems a simple task provided that you have permissions to print the PDF, you can simply print a copy to a file that you do have permission to edit. One method of editing that comes to mind would be to open the copy you made in gimp. How you would go about this depends on what exactly you intend to do, but gimp is very powerful and fairly straightforward to use. You can find tutorials on usage that should help you. There is a tutorial covering this exact topic here.

Here's a quick once over of the process.

1 Launch gimp

2 open the PDF

3 Select Tools -> Text (to add text) or whichever of the many tools available that meets your requirements.

If it's text,

Draw text box and click in it to type the text you want as in the example below.

Select the font and size you want from the shadow box above the text box you drew and then type the text you want into the box.

When you've completed your editing you can simply select File -> Export and choose a new name and a location you have permission to write in for your modified PDF file.

If you have something besides adding text in mind, gimp has a wide selection of tools available, but you probably don't need to know them all in order to accomplish your task.


Short answer

You need installation or recovery media of the Windows version you want to install.

Possible solutions:

Obtain Windows 8.1 Update 1 installation media - I have Windows 8 Keys
Call the customer support hotline from the computer manufacturer or buy a download from Microsoft.

Windows Upgrade Assistant and similar programs on Wine

If you are talking about the Upgrade Assistant it's very unlikely that this program will function under Wine as originally designed by Microsoft when running on Windows.

This is neither Microsoft's nor Wine's fault.

If this program actually completes successfully you would end up with all of the contents it tries to download and install in your Wine environment, because that is what this program seems to be designed to do:

Update the existing Windows environment to a newer version.
In case of Wine being the existing environment or "Windows partition", this would be ~/.wine/drive_c or ~/.wine64/drive_c respectively.
Even if you check the to option to do a clean install and not keep existing data, this program will still use the same partition and likely the same filesystem.

I ran this program on my machine to update my initial Windows 7 installation to Windows 8 and in retrospect found the program behaving like above, where it actually should have created a new GPT partition table or converted the existing MBR partition table to GPT to be identical to preinstalled Windows 8 installations. But this would introduce a lot more of difficulties, dependencies and possible sources for failures. Also converting UEFI capable legacy machines to actual UEFI machines through such an application would be questionable and prompting the average user to confirm such an action also be very confusing.

Conclusion: You need installation or recovery media of the Windows version you want to install.

If your computer shipped to you in a pristine condition with a recovery partition and you wiped everything without backing up, you now know that backups are useful. Kindly ask the support hotline for help.

Note: You can convert Windows 8 MBR installations to Windows 8 GPT by using DISM to backup (and restore), convert or create a GPT table, restore and run bcdboot. That is another topic though.


Ubuntu 12.04/13.10 - system running in low graphics mode error on Asus VIA A8V-MX

I looked up your motherboard on newegg and see that you have a S3 Graphics UniChrome Pro IGP video adaptor.

When I searched for your video card and Ubuntu your error immediately popped up on launchpad: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xserver-xorg-video-openchrome/+bug/1205643

According to launchpad, this bug has been resolved in the new Ubuntu LTS (14.04).  You can either use the earlier install from 12.04 and don't upgrade xserver-xorg-video-openchrome or you can try installing the new 14.04 beta (due to be officially released very soon).


On comp1, remove the iptables command from /etc/network/interfaces and then run the following:

sudo echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
sudo echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -s 10.10.0.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
sudo echo "@reboot root iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -s 10.10.0.0/24 -j MASQUERADE" >> /etc/crontab

===============

On comp2, run the following

sudo ip route del default
sudo ip route add default via 10.10.0.10

At this point, comp2 should be able to access the internet.
If it can, there is one more change you need to make on comp2 so that these changes will persist after reboots.  There is a file at either /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf or /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf with a line that starts with 'request'. Remove the word 'routers' from this line and add 'default routers 10.10.0.10;' to the bottom of the file.

Then run:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart


Make real ubuntu installation on usb stick

Installing to the currently booted device is much like digging a hole from underneath your feet. If it allowed you to do that, you would erase the files which are doing the work of erasing and installing. Granted some of the files which are running at the time would be in memory for a moment, not enough of the live environment would survive long enough to complete the install.

You will need to use either a second disk, a method of mounting the live environment / installer or some other method, but whatever the method, it generally cannot be from the same disk or stick you are currently running from.

(I know you technically could rig it up and do it, but it would be way more effort than would be worth as compared even to the price of a second USB stick)


re-setting password on grub wont accept new passwords "passwords do not match"

You’ll want to boot from your Ubuntu Live CD, choosing “Try Ubuntu without any change to your computer” from the boot menu.

Once the system boots, open up a new Terminal window from Applications \ Accessories and then type in the following command:

sudo fdisk -l

This command is used to tell what device name the hard drive is using, "The entry with * before"

I assume its sda1 for the rest

Now you’ll need to create a directory to mount the hard drive on. Since we’re actually booting off the live cd, the directory doesn’t really get created anywhere.

sudo mkdir /media/sda1

The next command will mount the hard drive in the /media/sda1 folder.

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/sda1

Now it’s time for the command that actually does the magic: chroot. This command is used to open up a shell with a different root directory than the current shell is using, and we’ll pass in the folder where we mounted the hard drive.

sudo chroot /media/sda1

Now you should be able to use the passwd command to change your user account’s password, and it will be applied to the hard drive since we are using chroot.

passwd USERNAME

Note that you’ll have to type your username after the passwd command in order to change the right password.

Now you should be able to reboot your system and log yourself in with your new password.


How can I list mp3 files that have a leading period?

You could set the bash shell's dotglob parameter

shopt -s dotglob

Then the shell glob *.mp3 will include files with leading periods

$ ls *.mp3
...And Justice For All.mp3  Enter Sandman.mp3  St. Anger.mp3

To restore the default behaviour, use shopt -u dotglob. Alternatively, using extended globbing

ls @(.|)*.mp3

will match mp3 files either starting or not starting with a period. Extended globbing should be enabled by default in interactive shells under Ubuntu, but if not you can do so with shopt -s extglob.


Ubuntu does not need a system restore. It is simply not applicable.

Provided that you stick to the default repositories, and to outside trusted repositories where necessary (ask on Ubuntu Forums if you are unsure if a repository is trusted), your system will always work. Individual applications from outside repositories may fail, but they are dead easy to "unwind" (that's what the package manager is for).

The recovery option is there for three reasons:

The initial installation does not work properly, and you cannot log in normally.
Something goes wrong with an upgrade because of hardware problems (this is rare).
You enjoy messing around with your system's innards, and sometimes you mess just a little too much!

Don't worry about System Restore. Ubuntu doesn't have a Registry, and even kernel upgrades are quickly and easily unwound.

BTW, 12.04 is a good choice, being an LTS release.


What is the correct way of installing BOINC software?

Graphical Installation

You need to install the client software, which will act as a daemon and boinc client will be automatically started at boot time.

Command to install boinc-client

sudo apt-get install boinc-client

You need the boinc manager to have a graphical interface to monitor and control boinc client.

Command to install boinc-manager

sudo apt-get install boinc-manager

Both the above commands can be combined and run together as

sudo apt-get install boinc-client boinc-manager

To open Boinc Manager. Use dash(Super Key) and search for "boinc"

Non-Graphical Installation

If you are not looking for a graphical interface you just need to install boinc-client

sudo apt-get install boinc-client

Via Ubuntu Software Center

You can also use Ubuntu Software Center to install Boinc. Search for "boinc-client" in Ubuntu Software Center.


I was facing the same problem on my yoga 710.

This answer helped

Setting acpi=1 & apm1 as boot parameters may help, but looking at your dmesg I think all that's needed is to blacklist i2c_hid.

To do this, create a file

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-i2c_hid.conf

enter this text

blacklist i2c_hid

Save, exit, and reboot.


I suppose you have an E-240 APU and a ATI Radeon 6310 HD graphics card in your laptop as I found from this link by googling about your laptop. In the link to the AMD's support site which you have specified in your description to the question, I selected APU, Mobile APU, E-series APU and x86 in the list boxes respectively according to your laptop specs and the output of your terminal you provided above and then I got this. I recommend that you install the latest beta driver(i.e) 14.3 LINUX Beta V1.0 driver as it is very recent. To do so follow the below steps:-

Check the release notes of the driver. It is very important.Though I have done so myself, I suggest you to check it before you install your driver. From what I saw, the driver seems to support the AMD Radeon 6000 HD series going by the release notes of the driver. But under the APU family compatibility the release notes dont seem to mention the E-240 series(which is your APU). So it is a bit suspicious. But I cant find any other driver. I would also suggest that you check if your OS supports all the system requirements specified in the release notes.
Then you might have to follow the installer notes for installing your driver.
For further details you may refer to this answer. It states the method to install the driver, what to do if things go wrong and also commands to check your system requirements. It states the method for 13.10 OS. But it may work on your OS too.


Why /dev/disk/by-id/ change after a suddenly server power-off?

gsc-frank!

I am assuming the content of the partitions is still there and the UUID is the same.

Someone cloned the contents of the disk to a new one and replaced the disk.

UUIDs don't change when you duplicate a disk with dd (unlike disk/by-id) . They only change when you format a partition. [post number 3 in the linked discussion]

The disk might have been replaced due to several possible reasons:

SMART values have been deteriorating and to prevent loss of data on the respective disk it was cloned and replaced
disk was filling up and was replaced by a bigger one with same partition layout
disk was replaced due to speed reasons, e.g. HDD --> SSD
disk was replaced to obtain the original disk with it's data - for example as backup or evidence - but leave the system running.

Hope that helps!


There are instructions here for creating a custom install CD: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallCDCustomization

You could use that to create an install CD that automatically installs Apache on install and the component of your web site.

But it is probably easier to install a generic Ubuntu and then use a configuration management system (such as Ansible https://www.ansible.com/) to install the web server software and web site.


how to delete an operating system (windows) from my computer?

First make sure you have grub installed as your bootloader.

Then make sure you have a backup copy of all your important files.

In the end just remove the Window partition with Gparted from a live system and then reboot with Ubuntu.


Why does Ubuntu URL include AMD when I choose 64bit and not AMD64bit?

i386 refers to the 32-bit edition and amd64 (or x86_64) refers to the 64-bit edition.

If you want to install a 64 bit edition you should go for amd64bit

    The architecture is named after AMD because AMD invented it, with the Athlon 64, and the 32-bit i386 architecture is named after Intel's 386 processor.

these links may be helpful to you :-

Difference between the i386 download and the amd64?

ubuntu: amd64 vs i386?


ImageMagick "convert" command cannot use fonts!

Arial is not a free font. Its terms of use on open source platforms like Linux and Ubuntu make it
impossible to distribute as part of an installation.  You should
use one of the free/open alternatives
such as Liberation.

You can list the fonts you have with convert -list font. Eg:

$ convert -list font|grep Liberation-Sans
Font: Liberation-Sans-Bold
Font: Liberation-Sans-Bold-Italic
Font: Liberation-Sans-Italic
Font: Liberation-Sans-Narrow-Bold
Font: Liberation-Sans-Narrow-Bold-Italic
Font: Liberation-Sans-Narrow-Italic
Font: Liberation-Sans-Narrow-Regular
Font: Liberation-Sans-Regular


md0: detected capacity change from 0 to...... md0: unknown partition table but the system boots up

Why? The individual disks are (maybe) fine, but the RAID super-block is very probably damaged due to a software/hardware combination fault.

What to do?

Back up everything!
Install smartmontools and to a full diagnostic of all drives

sudo apt-get install smartmontools
sudo smartctl --test=long /dev/sda
sudo smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb
sudo smartctl --test=short /dev/sdc

wait until test is finished, then:

sudo smartctl --all /dev/sda
sudo smartctl --all /dev/sdb
sudo smartctl --all /dev/sdc

interpret results and see whether any drive(s) need(s) replacing (leave a comment if not clear, and did I mention to back up?)
look for bad blocks:

badblocks -nsv -o /dev/USB-Stick/BadBlocks.sda /dev/sda
badblocks -nsv -o /dev/USB-Stick/BadBlocks.sdb /dev/sdc
badblocks -nsv -o /dev/USB-Stick/BadBlocks.sdc /dev/sdc

If you find bad blocks, these must be combined into 1 file (badblocks.all. Didn't I forget to mention to back up?) and passed to all drives:

mkfs.ext4 -l /dev/USB-Stick/BadBlocks.all /dev/sda
mkfs.ext4 -l /dev/USB-Stick/BadBlocks.all /dev/sdb
mkfs.ext4 -l /dev/USB-Stick/BadBlocks.all /dev/sdc

and recreate your device:

mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc

Restore back-up

Notes:

I would definitely not do a mdadm --detail --scan beforehand as you will copy the error.
If this is really time-critical, you can do away with 4&5 if the results from 3 are fantastic, but I would not!
If this is time-critical, you can do away with 5 if the results from 3&4 are fantastic, but I would not!
If you have the budget, get rid of software RAID5 and get a hardware RAID5 (300-500$)
If you have the budget, add 2 more disks and go to RAID6
If you have the entire week-end to do this, do a -wsv instead of an -nsv

Oh, and I wasn't joking about the backup!


libtiff5 is not in the default Ubuntu repositories in Ubuntu 12.04. The Tag Image File Format (TIFF) library in Ubuntu 12.04 is an older version called libtiff4. To install libtiff4 in Ubuntu 12.04 open the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install libtiff4


USB Bluetooth went from fine on plug in to not recognized 13.10

This is just a temporary work around:

The problem seems to be some software conflict that either over-rides or disables Bluez Bluetooth software on boot. I'm currently manually re-installing Bluez through Synaptic every time the problem occurs.

I suspect that a permanent fix involves identifying the conflicting software and replacing/removing it or making some edit to the order in which programs are loaded on start up.


What is the workaround for Medtronic Carelink Ubuntu compatibility?

You will not be able to run any windows driver via wine. There is a slim chance that the device is actually compatible with something else. For example I have many factory equipment which can be connected to as if it is a modem, via minicom.
However, finding this out is tricky and can be answered only by the guy who knows how this medical things are built.
You can install Windows as an application via VirtualBox. However, if you are licencse-aware, microsoft prohibits it.


Problem with installing Ubuntu 16.04 via flash drive

It looks like you've set up some "fake" RAID with your Intel storage chipset. Such setups are problematic and discouraged with Ubuntu (and Linux in general) because they're proprietary and thus not well supported and offer less features and no better performance than software RAID in Linux (via dm/mdadm).

Unfortunately you can't trivially convert fake RAID setups to plain drives. You'll need to back up the partitions, change the SATA setting in the system BIOS from RAID to AHCI and restore the partitions. You may need to restore Microsoft's bootloader (using Microsoft's tools) afterwards but at least you won't have to reinstall Windows from scratch.

You can also try to run the Ubuntu installer from within the live system (Try Ubuntu mode). If you start the installer directly from the boot menu it won't probe for uncommon (and even some common) storage setups like yours. However, the bootloader Grub that Ubuntu sets up may need some additional, manual configuration to recognise the fake RAID setup for a successful boot after the Ubuntu installation.


How can I remove manually installed program zotero "not found" by APT?

I recently installed zotero on ubuntu but would like to remove it. I suppose the problem is that I installed it manually.

Correct.

It said the file was not found.

Because you did not use apt install to install it.

How do you recommend uninstalling the program correctly so that I can install zotero via ubuntu software manager and avoid a problem like this in the future.

The installer should also have a document about uninstalling it. Or even have an uninstall script. If you followed the instructions on the website:

Linux
For Ubuntu, the tarball includes a .desktop file that can be used to add Zotero to the launcher. Move the extracted directory to a location of your choice (e.g., /opt/zotero), run the set_launcher_icon script to update the .desktop file for that location, and symlink zotero.desktop into ~/.local/share/applications/ (e.g., ln -s /opt/zotero/zotero.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/zotero.desktop). Zotero should then appear in your launcher.

... all you need to do is
sudo rm -rf /opt/zotero/
rm ~/.local/share/applications/zotero.desktop

If i do need to install a program manually in terminal, how can I avoid a situation like this happening again?

Follow the uninstall instructions if there are any otherwise use our friend rm.


Static pulsing sound produced from internal microphones

I experienced the same problem on Kubuntu 18.04. My microphone device is named "alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo", as inferred executing: pacmd list-sources | grep 'name:.*input'.
You can find the main reference to fix the problem here, some paragraphs below that one you linked.
Editing all the /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-input*.conf files fixed the issue in my case.
I can share you a simple bash script which I used to automate the process:

grep -nP "(Element Capture)|(Element \w+ Mic)|(Element Mic)" /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-input*.conf | while IFS='' read -r LINE || [ -n "${LINE}" ]; do

    IFS=':' read -r -a array <<< "${LINE}"
    path="${array[0]}";
    num="${array[1]}";
    element="${array[2]}";

    for i in $(seq 5 $END); do

        param="$(sed -n "$((num + i))p" < "$path")"
        if [[ $param == "volume ="* ]]; then
            echo "processing line $path:$((num + i))";
            echo "replacing <$param> with <volume = zero>";
            sed -i "$((num + i))s/.*/volume = zero/" "$path";
        fi
    done

done

Restart PulseAudio to apply the changes:

pulseaudio -k
pulseaudio --start

Finally check by recording your voice and playing it back:

arecord -f cd -d 10 test-mic.wav
aplay test-mic.wav


You just have to add one startup application:

Open a terminal and type the following command:

unity && compiz --replace

If step 1 works for your situation, open unity-dash-home and type startup. You should see Startup Applications.

In the program, add a startup application with the command:

compiz --replace

Log out and login, things should be solved.


You can use -h option to start hidden, i.e., no contacts window at startup

Add Empathy to startup and remember to have Connect on Startup(which is enabled by default) checked in Empathy -> Edit -> Preferences -> Behaviour


New hardware is UEFI based and then Ubuntu (and Windows if not pre-installed) should be installed in UEFI boot mode. Microsoft requires gpt partitioning for UEFI installs by vendors, but Ubuntu will allow UEFI install to MBR(msdos) partitioned drives, but probably should not.
You can see partitioning with these:
lsblk -o name,mountpoint,label,size,fstype,uuid,partuuid | egrep -v "^loop"
sudo parted -l

UEFI boots from UEFI boot entries, but to see details on which partition/files are used you can run this which shows GUID/partUUID of ESP - efi system partition:
sudo efibootmgr -v

Then in ESP is a 3 line /EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg as configfile to load full grub.cfg in your install's / (root) partition (or /boot if separate partition).
ESP should have at least two folders, /EFI/Boot & /EFI/ubuntu. Windows adds /EFI/Microsoft. These folders contain boot files. The /EFI/Boot is a fallback or drive boot entry which is a copy of shimx64.efi from grub or if Windows, a copy of its bootmgfw.efi boot file.
So boot is UEFI, to ESP, to install.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EFI_system_partition
https://superuser.com/questions/496026/what-is-the-difference-in-boot-with-bios-and-boot-with-uefi
Example /EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg
dual boot 14.04 / 17.04 lost grub menu


How can I update my languages from the terminal?

Use this command (I used English (en) in the example):

sudo apt-get install language-pack-en language-pack-en-base

Depending on the desktop environment you use, you also need those:

For Gnome/Unity

sudo apt-get install language-pack-gnome-en language-pack-gnome-en-base

For KDE:

sudo apt-get install language-pack-kde-en language-pack-kde-en-base

Also, there is a utility to check which programs you have installed and then determines the needed language packages. It will also cover Firefox and Thunderbird, for example. It is intended to use with apt-get together:

sudo apt-get install $(check-language-support -l en)


Is my ASUS F200M 64-bits Notebook PC compatible with Ubuntu 15.04?

I have a Lenovo with almost the same specs, and it work perfect with Ubuntu.  The only issue I had was the wireless connection, but that has a solution that works. I tried with both 14.04, and 15.04, and both work fine.

So go ahead, and go for it.  But if you want to be more sure, you can run Ubuntu live, and see if you have any issues.


Thumbnails are saved into ~/.cache/thumbnails/ and the option to enable or disable the appearance of thumbnails is in Edit > Preferences > Show Thumbnails. It is possible that it is trying to create the thumbnail for 1 particular file and stops working from then onwards, so check if you can track down which file it stops at.


After suspending the monitor does not turn on

I sometimes have this problem on my Dell Inspiron 1000 series with an OEM-installed Ubuntu. I've found that support for actual hibernation is pretty sketchy in Ubuntu, at least with 16.04. As for suspending, I have found that the black frozen screen problem happens mostly when I "half close" the laptop for more than a half second or if my hand slips while opening it when it closes again. It probably confuses the ACPI manager. My only advice, which has worked for me, is just be very careful when opening or closing the lid.


Backlight driver /sys/class/backlight has two entries?

It's likely that you have a newer Intel Sandy bridge processor in the Dell which has integrated graphics as well as a graphics card - that is the reason for the two entries in your /sys/class/backlight folder.

You can do two things - disable one of the graphics cards via the bios settings and see if it solves the problem or you can follow the instructions in this Ubuntu Forums post to blacklist one of the entries.

My first option would be to disable via bios and see if it is acceptable.


I solved my problem by removing ubuntu 14.04 and installing elementary OS. I was kind of iffy about it at first but wow elementary is a great OS very solid so far have had no issues.


Windows time jumps a few hours forward after using ubuntu

This is most likely caused by the fact that most Linux distributions set the hardware clock (BIOS) to UTC.  Using your locale, the system determines the local time.  This is the default and recommended setup.

On a Windows system, the hardware clock is set to the local time.  This will cause conflicts when dual-booting between Linux and Windows.

One solution is to tell Ubuntu to behave like Windows.  You can adjust this by editing /etc/default/rcS:

UTC=no

Another solution is to use timedatectl to acomplish this:

sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 0 # Use UTC
sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 # Do *not* use UTC

Alternatively, you can tell Windows that the hardware clock will be UTC:

Windows 7
Windows 10

I'd say to tell Windows how to act 'correctly', but in reality, you should leave your main OS as-is, and make your secondary OS conform to how the main OS acts.


Notebook Clevo P955ER (Brazilian Avell A72) high fan speed on Ubuntu 18.04

I installed a newer kernel using ukuu app (https://github.com/teejee2008/ukuu) and voilla! now the core temperatures are apparently showing ok. Now the cooler speed is behaving similar as it does on Windows 10.
screen capture


Regarding Android x86 6.0

The "EEEPC" assignment is only for ASUS EEEPCs, only use it if you have one, otherwise use android_x86, do not use generic_x86, you will get stuck at the boot animation and have to restart by using CTRL+F1 to access the terminal and issue reboot as the GUI will not get loaded. I know this because I spent several hours following bad, though well intentioned, advice.

set root='(hd0,4)'
linux /android-6.0-rc1/kernel quiet root=/dev/ram0 androidboot.hardware=android_x86 acpi_sleep=s3_bios,s3_mode SRC=/android-6.0-rc1
initrd /android-6.0-rc1/initrd.img

This was the final configuration that worked for me on an old school SONY VAIO 64 bit on a triple boot setup.

'(0,4)' was the location of my hard drive and partition Android x86 was installed to, change it accordingly. You do not need your UUID, you only need exactly what I have put above with your installation location being the only change.


What are the default settings for grub customiser?

Note: Original files which Grub Customizer will modify are moved to the /etc/grub.d/proxifiedScripts folder, with the leading numeric designation removed.

The /etc/grub.d/proxifiedScripts and /etc/grub.d/bin folders, and any *_proxy files are only created if a Grub 2 script has to be modified. If only changes normally made to /etc/default/grub are invoked by Grub Customizer, the following won't be necessary.

To restore the normal Grub 2 control of the boot menu:

Remove the /etc/grub.d/bin folder
Move the contents of /etc/grub.d/proxifiedScritps back to the /etc/grub.d folder.

Any files moved back need to be renamed to the original name.
linux back to 10_linux, os-prober back to 30_os-prober, etc.

Remove the /etc/grub.d/proxifiedScipts folder once it is empty.
Check the settings in /etc/default/grub and make any desired changes (default kernel, timeout, etc).
Run sudo update-grub.

Source


Incredibly tricky situation: 0 bytes space, but I cannot conventionally solve it: Windows is in the way

I can sketch out a possible solution for you, but you will have to do research to fill in the details of the steps.

1) Create image backups of your Ubuntu partitions (/home if it's separate, otherwise the system partition) using Clonezilla or equivalent.

2) Do a clean install of Ubuntu wiping out Windows.  Make sure the partitions you intend to restore are as big (preferably bigger) than they were before or the Clonezilla restore won't work.

3) Restore the partitions you backed up with Clonezilla.

There may be landmines in this that I haven't considered, I have not done this exact procedure, although I have cloned a Ubuntu install using Clonezilla successfully.


Getting 404 errors and more with sudo apt-get update

These PPAs have been not updated to 16.04 yet. You can wait or disable them via Updates.


How to do-release-upgrade with automatic yes to all continue and disable reboot after upgrade completion

There's an app for that! Well, for answering y automatically anyway:

NAME
       yes - output a string repeatedly until killed

So, you could do

yes | do-release-upgrade


Make sure that those variables are not declared in any of the below files:

~/.bashrc
/etc/bash.bashrc
/etc/environment

If they are, it'd be better if you remove those lines.

However, if you're unable to find them, then put the unset lines you've mentioned in your ~/.bashrc file.


The correct way for incrementing variable is as follows (How to increment a variable in bash?)

#!/bin/bash
mynum=1
while [ $mynum -le 10 ]
do
    echo $mynum
    mynum=$((mynum+1))
    sleep 0.5
done


The problem is not the programs you use to start the bluetooth, is the drivers. Find out the hardware for your bluetooth and google if you have to install some additional drivers for it. Good luck


How to avoid typing 'python' when running .py scripts?

You can set the file to be executable with chmod +x manage.py and then execute it with ./manage.py runserver.

Note that if you create your own script files you will have to include the UNIX shebang in the file.


How to install Octave 5 on Ubuntu 18.04?

The latest updated release from PPA is Xenial (16.04), this explain why you get
Cannot add PPA: ''This PPA does not support bionic''. error.

GNU has distributed Octave as Flatpak package, and they do offer version 5—precisely 5.1.0 → https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.octave.Octave

Install flatpak, then add flathub repository.

sudo apt-get install flatpak
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

You can proceed to install Octave now.

flatpak install flathub org.octave.Octave
flatpak run org.octave.Octave


How to remove GNOME classic session and associated packages?

Those packages don't add much overhead to your system, perhaps 50MB total. Relax, enjoy Unity, the rest will drop away in 11.10!


If you do not like the Ubuntu 12.04 calculator, so I would recommend the installation of Galculator, it's the default calculator of Lubuntu and it have this feauteres:

  It had memory locations and when you switched between Hexadecimal and Decimal the number in the display changed to represent the value in the new base.

Screenshot and features

Select the number base and it will change at the same time.
Save more then one number in the memory.

Installation

To install this calculator called Galculator run the following command at the Terminal:

sudo apt-get install galculator


Share internet to windows phone 7.5 through wifi

For running your laptop as an access point, this is only possible if your wireless adapter supports going into the master mode. If it does not support this, you're totally out of luck.

How to test master mode and configure access point

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/MasterMode

Helpful threads to setup wireless access point

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessAccessPoint

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=376283

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1663788


Linux (Ubuntu 12.04) driver for Broadcom Corp BCM 4352 Wireless Network Adapter

I had the exact same problem with my precision m4800. I found the DELL Ubuntu driver package which worked for me here :

M4800_M6800_A03.fish.tar.gz

I un-tared the file looked in the "debs" directory and found the kernel for the bcm 4352 (or dell 1550 as they brand it)

Make sure you install the headers in the /debs/main directory first and it should be as simple as double clicking to install. You might want to restart after installing the package and blacklisting any of the other broadcom drivers you might have installed whilst testing

This is what I installed :

/debs/bcmwl-kernel-source-dw1550.deb
/debs/bt-dw1550-firmware_0.1_all.deb

Good luck!

Edit:
On Ubuntu 14.04 you can also simply do:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source


How do I give Ubuntu 11.04 more space (when installed inside Windows 7 (via wubi))?

This question has previously been answered here


You can try this: Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below.

gksudo gedit /etc/default/tomcat7

When the file opens, uncomment the line that sets the JAVA_HOME variable.

Save and restart tomcat7 server.


Yes, you can use it for free.

However, why not consider a donation to Ubuntu project if your company is using it and making money? A fraction of what you would pay for Windows for example? Or buy a support, that way you have dedicated people at Canonical to look after you.


Internet connection sharing from PC to Phone over Bluetooth

I am not sure if there is any good way using native bluetooth app that ships with ubuntu but I am going to use a pretty old app called blueman.

install it using

sudo apt-get install blueman

Now from unity search (from dash) for blueman and you will get bluetooth manager click on that and you will get window and blueman service will be enabled.

now you can see two bluetooth icons on top panel of unity. one will be native and other will be blueman's

click on blueman's icon and click local services.

Now a new window **Local Services** pops up, in it click on 'network' and enable Network Access point, click apply and save it.

Now you can access internet using bluetooth of your computer after pairing them and connecting.


Trying to install virtualbox - unmet dependencies

got mine working by changing sources.list line

deb https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian xenial contrib

to

deb [arch=amd64] https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic contrib


pendrive shown correctly in gparted but not in df -h

How to list all available drives

Use sudo fdisk -l to show all available partitions (mounted or not).

df -h will only show disks that are mounted. Also a simple mount without any options, will show all mounted drives (without actually mounting anything btw).


No sound after Xubuntu-desktop installation

I resolve with pavucontrol.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pavucontrol

Select the device and remove mute sound.


How do I get an Epson perfection V200 photo scanner working?

I found this thread where others had trouble installing that scanner.
It looks like you need to download the drivers off the manufacturers webpage, this FAQ may be helpful in explaining what packages you need, it looks to me like you will need these three packages:

Data Package under "deb package"

iscan-data_1.13.0-1_all.deb

Core Packages under "deb 64bit package [libltdl7] (for Ubuntu 8.10 or later)"

iscan_2.28.1-3.ltdl7_amd64.deb
iscan-plugin-gt-f670_2.1.2-1_amd64.deb

Once you have them downloaded, you should just be able to double click on them and Ubuntu Software Center will open and ask you if you want to install them.

I hope this helps.


How do I get same scrollbar style for gtk-2.0 and gtk-3.0 apps?

I like the idea OP, and I'm interested in the answer, but for most uses you can utilize 'natural scrolling' plugins and daemons. You should search for 'natural scrolling' stuff on the web, or if you want you can try Android-X86. It's very fun.


what changes when you install a package in linux

"In Linux" is a bit too broad, so I will restrict my answer to Ubuntu.

There are two mainstream ways of installing packages in Ubuntu:

Using Debian packages: this is the default and recommended way of doing it. Debian packages are files with .deb extension. They come with all the needed files (binaries, scripts, documentation, manual pages) to install a program. They can be installed using the dpkg tool. There are several ways of installing from Debian packages, such as using APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) with apt-get, which downloads the requested .deb file from the repositories and uses dpkg to process it. There are some front-ends for APT and dpkg, for example, GDebi and the Ubuntu Software Center.
Compiling and installing from the source code: this is a more advanced and difficult task, but sometimes it is required due to lack of precompiled packages or because of some special necessity. This method consists of getting a program's source code and compiling it (usually using GNU building tools, in the Linux world). It may take monstrous amounts of time, depending on your hardware and the size of the source code.

But both ways of installing packages basically do one common thing: placing files in specific locations of your system. These files include everything needed to have a program up and running. The locations include paths like /usr/bin, /usr/share, among tons of others. It varies from package to package.


You can put that command in rc.local file.

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

write that command before exit 0


Is there a way to force X to use Intel integrated graphics while mining Ethereum on discrete Radeon card?

I FINALLY got it to work, via the purge-the-driver-and-reinstall-in-headless-mode method:

cd /home/realkstrawn93/Desktop/amdgpu-pro-18*
amdgpu-pro-uninstall --purge -y
./amdgpu-pro-install --opencl=legacy,rocm --headless

This installs ONLY the OpenCL component of the AMDGPU-Pro driver and not the display component.


Regardless of whether you use Wubi or set up a separate partition, your Windows install should remain safe. As with any major system change though, you may want to backup any data from Windows you consider important before proceeding, and ensure you fully understand what you are doing at every step of the install process.

If you have any further questions once you begin, please don't hesitate to search this site or the Ubuntu Forums for additional help. If you can't find a similar issue someone else had, then go ahead and post a new question. We're here to help!


How can I create an infinite login loop for a specific user?

To address bodhi's comment that the user can login through other means, open the file /etc/security/limits.conf and at the bottom add the following line

username hard maxlogins 0

The user will be able to login in tty but will be kicked out immediatelly, and lightdm (or any other login manager for that matter) will do the same. For good measure I would use this together with chowning .Xauthority


How to write a string containing private ssh key to a file?

Not really sure if this counts as an answer but I got it working. I used the "Install SSH key" task in Azure DevOps to store the public and private keys. You can paste the keys in as strings into this task and it will install the keys and make them available for use with other servers.

More information about the SSH Key Task


how to pair JBL bluetooth device with Ubuntu laptop?

Desktop OS: Ubuntu 18.04
Speaker: JBL Flip 4

I couldn't connect JBL to the notebook via Bluetooth.
The message was

a2dp-source profile connect failed for Protocol not available.

I solved this problem simply installing pulseaudio-bluetooth and restarting PulseAudio.
Maybe this info helps someone to save his/her time.


server needs username and password to logon which is not known

Hold shift at boot, select recovery mode then select root. You can now run:

passwd foo; reboot

Change foo for your username, E.g:

passwd andy; reboot

You can low log on as your username with your new password.


What is the easiest way to mount a network drive from an ubuntu 12.04 server?

You may use NFS to achieve what you need. There are some good documentation on the links below on how to make it work:

Setting UP NFS HowTo
Network File System
How To Set Up an NFS Mount on Ubuntu 12.04


How to remove Pantheon DE from Ubuntu 16.04?

You used dist-upgrade to install Elementary DE. By doing so, you installed PPA provided versions of packages over standard Ubuntu versions. For example, if Ubuntu provides a nautilus package, and those PPAs provide another nautilus package with higher version, you installed that one.

That's why only removing extra elementary packages such as elementary-desktop, elementary-icon-themes is not sufficient. You have to remove those patched packages too!

So, to completely remove elementary effect, you must go back to Ubuntu versions of packages. To do so, you need ppa-purge. Because only (as a tool to do these things) ppa-purge downgrade packages from PPA versions to Ubuntu versions.

Use these (Change the list according to your usage of PPAs)

sudo ppa-purge ppa:elementary-os/daily
sudo ppa-purge ppa:elementary-os/os-patches
sudo ppa-purge ppa:elementary-os/testing
sudo ppa-purge ppa:mpstark/elementary-tweaks-daily
sudo ppa-purge ppa:elementary-os/stable

To completely get rid of elementary things.

If you don't have ppa-purge already installed, install using

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

Note 1: If you already removed those PPA repository either using sudo apt-add-repository -r or manually editing files, re-add them. Because ppa-purge needs those package list to do the downgrading. After re-adding them, use

sudo apt-get update

command to refresh package index.

Note 2: If you are having an error from ppa-purge saying it can't find aptitude use

sudo apt-get install aptitude

to install it.

Note 3: If ppa-purge fails for some PPAs not being available, remove those PPA entries manually. ppa-purge won't work if every repository doesn't work.

Note 4: If some of PPAs are disabled now (after installing package from them), you have little luck downgrading them automatically. You can identify them and manually downgrade them using synaptic or aptitude. But it's a tedious job.

Note 5: If you still see Elementary session listed on Lightdm, remove pantheon-session package manually.

Notes 6: Remove every extra packages you can identify installed from those PPAs but not available in Ubuntu repositories.


automatically run terminal with certain command on login

This may be a bad response, but have you tried outputting the command in the program "Startup Applications"? I had to do that for Conky to start upon login.


Are there mockups for the desktop-oriented Unity?

No not yet. I'm sure we'll see some mockups, if not runnable code, in the coming month or so though.


Try the rc channel for mako, or bq aquaris channel (I'm on bq aquaris RC proposed on nexus 4). First flash the latest radio from the android 5.1.1 images. I couldn't get stable to boot when I first installed either.


How to enable cut or copy-paste in xterm

You can edit XTerm file, using vim or nano (I use vim):

vim /home/your_user_name/XTerm

Add this:

XTerm*Background: black
XTerm*Foreground: green
XTerm*SaveLines: 2000
XTerm*faceName: Ubuntu mono
XTerm*faceSize: 12
XTerm*rightScrollBar: true
XTerm*ScrollBar: true
XTerm*scrollTtyOutput: false
XTerm*VT100.Translations: #override \
      Shift Ctrl<Key>V: insert-selection(CLIPBOARD) \n\
      Shift Ctrl<Key>V: insert-selection(PRIMARY) \n\
      Shift<Btn1Down>: select-start() \n\
      Shift<Btn1Motion>: select-extend() \n\
      Shift<Btn1Up>: select-end(CLIPBOARD) \n\

Save and close with:

:wq

Open xterm:

xterm &

This configuration allows:

Select and copy text into xterm: Hold Shiht key, click left mouse, select your text and click right mouse, to add it to clipboard.
Paste text into xterm: Press Ctrl+Shift+V
Show ScrollBar.
Personalize font.

I hope this help you.


directing ssh to use wireless instead of wired network

OpenSSH ssh have a switch -b, which allows you to specify to which local IP address it should bind when connecting to the remote host. There is also respective BindAddress option which you can store in your ssh_config.

Let's say your wireless IP address is 192.168.0.5 and remote host is remote, then you can

ssh -b 192.168.0.5 remote

or store a record in ~/.ssh/config:

Host remote
  BindAddress 192.168.0.5

to make that working for you.


vim is probably already installed. Use type vim to see, or ls  /usr/bin/vim

To look for  package, use apt-cache search vim. On my system (64 bit Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS), the vim executable is part of the vim-gnome package.

What part of the message do you not understand?

Package vim is not available

"not available". Maybe the package is not called vim.

The but is referred to by another package just means YOU referred to it.


Strange correlation between issues with audio and wlan.

If it's bluetooth audio, b/g and some of n wlan use the same radio frequency band as bluetooth.  Move further from the access point or try changing the channel of the access point to something further to the outside of the 2.4Ghz spectrum.


Error: package has no installation candidate

The package is available, and you can find it at http://packages.ubuntu.com/lucid/nautilus-open-terminal
There might have been a recent update, and you may have to update your APT cache.

Run

sudo apt-get update

and then try to install again.

If all fail, you can get the .deb package for AMD64 from the same URL above and install manually. You can install manually if you double-click on the downloaded .deb file.


Ubuntu guest in vmware can't get host screen size

My configuration is host : windows 7 and vmware guest : ubuntu 14.04.
For long time I've seen if I update the vmplayer or some software in vmplayer that screws my display and then in full screen it can no longer capture host display.So today I just followed the instruction provided in this link and fixed it without installing any additional software.I hope it helps other.

At first run :

$ xrandr -q

tanay@ubuntu:~$ xrandr -q Screen 0: minimum 1 x 1, current 1904 x 1070, maximum 8192 x 8192 Virtual1 connected primary 1904x1070+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm    800x600
60.0 +   60.3      2560x1600      60.0      1920x1440      60.0      1856x1392      60.0      1792x1344      60.0      1920x1200      59.9  1600x1200      60.0      1680x1050      60.0      1400x1050      60.0  1280x1024      60.0      1440x900       59.9      1280x960       60.0  1360x768       60.0      1280x800       59.8      1152x864       75.0  1280x768       59.9      1024x768       60.0      640x480        59.9  1904x1070_75.00   74.9*  Virtual2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) Virtual3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) Virtual4 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) Virtual5 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) Virtual6 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) Virtual7 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) Virtual8 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

Then you can see which output is connected,here Virtual1 is connected.
Then guess a good resolution for your screen.For me I guessed following configuration.

Eg:cvt <horizontal length> <vertical length> <refresh rate>

$ cvt 1900 1070 75

The output is

# 1904x1070 74.87 Hz (CVT) hsync: 83.85 kHz; pclk: 216.00 MHz Modeline "1904x1070_75.00"  216.00  1904 2040 2240 2576  1070 1073    1083 1120
-hsync +vsync

Then you need to copy the text after "Modelline" and paste that in following command after "newmode" like the example below

$ xrandr --newmode "1904x1070_75.00"  216.00  1904 2040 2240 2576  1070 1073 1083 1120 -hsync +vsync

Then take the screen resolution details from the quote and use it in next command.For me the command is

$ xrandr --addmode Virtual1 1904x1070_75.00

The next command to set it in ubuntu for me is

$ xrandr --output Virtual1 --mode 1904x1070_75.00

If the last command doesn't work for you,you can go back to ubuntu display gui setting and can chose the display you have added just now.For me the option was 1904 x 1070 (16:9)

However if you are fine with this experiment and have found the desired screen resolution and to make that permanent,write all the last 3 commands starting from xrandr --newmode command in your .xprofile file using following command and then save,exit and restart your ubuntu vm and you will get your desired resolution permanently.

$ gedit ~/.xprofile


Upgrade from 14.02 to 16.04 hangs at ttf-mscorefonts-installer

I found the easy solution from another post relating to the same issue: simply hit Tab, then Enter, you will be asked for a Yes or No. Upgrade proceeds normally after this. Too bad instructions to "Hit Tab" aren't present, but such is life.


I had problems with file recovery - I would like to share how I managed to do it:

Command showing encrypted file directory:

sudo find /media -type d -name .Private

Command to unlock private directory plus directory shown from command above:

sudo ecryptfs-recover-private

(example: sudo ecryptfs-recover-private /media/ubuntu/1efe72f6-86-41e9-9d46 c7b2bb9a1b61/username/.Private)

I used not an encrypted pass phrase, but password of Ubuntu login and it worked (strangely encryption pass phrase didn't work for me – try both).

After successful attempt directory will be created in /tmp/created folder name by system.
to access those files I had to be root:

sudo se

and to open directory from terminal:

nautilus /tmp/created folder name by system

to copy desired folders, files had to select them, mouse right click "Copy To..."

Hope it will help someone that are not so skilled with Ubuntu like me :)


How to install grub after fatal error on failed RAID system?

I searched the Internet for something like 'sony vaio bios access' to press F2 or F3 to enter the BIOS, set the RAID configuration to be displayed on startup, pressed Ctrl+I as instructed to edit it, and reset all drives to Non-RAID (apparently losing all data in the process). Then I was able to install Ubuntu 16.04 via the USB flash drive on the first volume -- I elected to erase the disk and use LVM -- after selecting 'Try Ubuntu', connecting to Wifi, and then clicking the 'Install Ubuntu' desktop shortcut (selecting both options to download updates during installation and install third party drivers for Flash, etc).

This enabled me to successfully install Ubuntu 16.04.

I restarted still with the USB drive in. It didn't prompt me to remove it like previous installations. I removed it and then shut down again, resulting in a number of page read failure errors. I did a hard shut off, booted without the USB in, and everything seems fine.


Uninstall Steam via synaptic and download from the official webpage:

http://store.steampowered.com/about/


Boot into recovery mode
Turn on your virtual machine.
Quickly press and hold the Shift key, which will bring up the GNU GRUB menu.
Select the line which starts with Advanced options.
Select the line ending with "(recovery mode)"
Press Return and your machine will begin the boot process.
After a few moments, your workstation should display a menu with a number of options.
One of the options (you may need to scroll down to the bottom of the list) will be "Drop to root shell prompt".
Press Return with this option highlighted.
To mount the root partition read/write, enter the command:
mount -o remount,rw /

To mount a separate partition, enter the command:
mount --all

Now run the following commands, to try to recover the system:
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove
reboot


How to fix drivers including LAN (Internet) after --purge remove *-desktop?

Yes, uninstalling *-desktop packages can destroy working systems. If you've been able to manually fix the bulk of the damage, congrats, however, you may ultimately need to reinstall Ubuntu.

Can you connect to the Internet using a wireless connection?

Your ethernet is failing because the r8169 kernel driver is missing from /lib/modules/5.4.0-26-generic.

Fastest/best way to solve it...

In the terminal...

sudo apt-get update # update the databases

sudo apt-get install dkms r8168-dkms # install a different driver

reboot # reboot the computer

Verify proper ethernet operation.

If ethernet still doesn't work properly, reinstall Ubuntu.


Can't launch Stand-alone flash projector

I poked around at this.  Unfortunately, you need i386 binaries for all the dependencies.  There's quite a list of these, and you even need to install the GTK+2 binaries, which are generally bad.  As well, the Linux launcher has a crash issue and crashes every time you try and use it, on 14.04.  This renders it unusable.

However, I had found another option.  There is much more smooth and better functionality in using the Windows standalone flash projector with Wine.  You can do this by installing wine and then using the Windows projector .exe file.  I suggest you use that route, as it is more smoothly-operable, and doesn't crash.


Can someone assist me with removing openvpn from ubuntu 18.04?

I don't know why you used dpkg to remove OpenVPN, in that case try again but with apt this time.

First, fix any dependencies problem that you might occur, by adding --fix parameter on apt.

sudo apt -f install

Finally, remove openvpn with all their dependencies.

sudo apt purge openvpn

Please report back any error, if any.


How to fix overheating problem after latest updates? Thinkpad x100e running Xubuntu 14.04

I had problem with overheating on my laptop. I installed TLP and problems were history. Give it a try.


Steam "Corrupt update files" error for Dota 2 since 7.0 update

It seems to be related to a difference in filesystem.
My ubuntu uses EXT4, but my Dota is installed on a NTFS partition, and I have that issue. Haven't tried any of the solutions yet. This could interest you:

https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-for-linux/issues/4670

http://steamcommunity.com/app/570/discussions/0/1843493219432308676?ctp=2


Use readlink with -e flag. Not only it gives you full path to file, it also presents real path of the symlinks

$ readlink -e ./out.txt
/home/xieerqi/out.txt

I personally use it in my own scripts whenever it's necessary to get full path of a file


What are usable characters are for package names?

This is described in the Debian Policy Manual. Section 5.6.7 describes the Package field, which sets the name for binary packages.

5.6.7. Package
The name of the binary package.
Binary package names must follow the same syntax and restrictions as
source package names. See Source for the details.

And:

5.6.1. Source
This field identifies the source package name.
[...]
Package names (both source and binary, see Package) must consist
only of lower case letters (a-z), digits (0-9), plus (+) and
minus (-) signs, and periods (.). They must be at least two
characters long and must start with an alphanumeric character.


I was able to figure this one out. I simply moved the RAID card to another PCI slot, rebooted and Ubuntu was happy again. Not sure why it went goofy in the other one


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS server full disk encryption

According to the 18.04 server release notes on

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes#Ubuntu_Server

you will need to use the alternate installer to configure LVM (also RAID, multipath, vlans, bonds, or the ability to re-using existing partitions) on installation. You can download it from:

http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/18.04/release/


Airplane mode gets turned on and stuck after sleep mode

After sleep try to execute the next:

sudo systemctl restart network-manager.service
sudo ifconfig wlx8c882b131d8 up
sudo rfkill unblock all

Change wlx8c882b131d8 to your own wi-fi adapter interface name. If this works, than you could create a systemd service that will start just after resume from sleep and do it automatically for you.

Also, in some cases, battery removing/inserting works.

And also, does your keys combination that enables/disables your wi-fi works in case of using it on unblocked device? If no, than find out, why the shortcut keys combination does not work.

And, as nobody suggested (reference)

  gsettings list-recursively | less
   You'll find the entry about Airplane
  Mode by typing /rfkill. Copy that line and use it on a new command
  line with the gsettings "set" parameter, but change the "true" to
  "false":

  gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.rfkill active false

But previous suggested command has its own cons. So you could try the next suggested solution taken from the same reference:

  I had the same problem on my HP 250 G5. For me it was caused by the
  lid sending scancodes e058/e057 on lid close/open.

  For some reason GNOME decided this corresponded to Airplane Mode On.
  As ropid mentioned you can fix it by disabling GNOME's rfkill plugin,
  but this also prevents enabling/disabling bluetooth via GNOME
  settings.

  I managed to fix this on my by mapping e058/e057 to keycode 245
  (Display Off)

  Use { journalctl -f } before closing and opening your lid to find
  out if closing the lid simulates any key presses. The journal entry
  should also tell you the scan code of the key press (e058 & e057 in
  my case)

  Then use { setkeycodes [SCANCODE] [KEYCODE] } to map the scancode
  sent by the lid to a desired key (in my case I used setkeycodes e058
  245 e057 245). If you don't want to map it to DISPLAY OFF you can
  find a list of other keycodes in
  /usr/include/linux/input-event-codes.h

  If the problem is fixed make it persistent by creating and enabling a
  systemd unit file in /etc/systemd/system/ The file I use looks like
  this:

[Unit]
Description=Fix WiFi off on lid close

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/setkeycodes e058 245 e057 245

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target


Ubuntu 18.04 freezes within 5 seconds of booting

I went through many threads to try and find the correct answer. In fact, I even tried installing different Linux systems since I thought it was just Ubuntu, but to no avail. All of them just froze for some reason or got stuck on the loading screen.

So I hope others that have the same issue sees this answer, since it took me a long time to finally get my Ubuntu working.

Many people say that editing your grub by adding "nomodeset" after the "quiet splash" entry worked for them, but for me, it just froze everything and I didn't even get into my desktop.

Then I tried nolaptic and noaptic as well, but that did the same thing.(FYI, when you boot up, you go to advanced Ubuntu options, hit e, then go down to the line where you see quiet splash, hit end, navigate to just after quiet splash and then enter those entries, then you just hit Ctrl+x or F10 to save and boot)

So I deleted all of those entries (excluding quiet splash) and booted up again. This time, before the computer froze I entered tty2 (Ctrl+Alt+F2), and then simply installed the nvidia drivers via command line.

I guess you only need to use the second one, but just to be thorough, here are both.

sudo ubuntu-drivers list (gives you the available drivers for your device)
sudo ubuntu-drivers devices (gives you their names)

If you have the name, you just install them with apt.

Example:

sudo apt install nvidia-driver-390

When it's done, reboot and rejoice.

If only I found this earlier, it would have saved me a lot of time and effort.

Good luck to anyone else reading this.


Bitcoin Core/Armory installation trouble

What you are encountering is not an error or an installation problem. It's the fact Bitcoin Core needs to download the entire blockchain from beginning to end, and then Armory needs to index it after Bitcoin Core does.

This will take a long time to sync up.  This is not something you can speed up either.  The Bitcoin blockchain is huge and Armory needs that fully  synced up Bitcoin Core client for it to work.

Your system needs to sync up Bitcoin Core with the >75GB blockchain before your Armory will move forward.  30 minutes is not enough time to download that, unless you are on 10Gig fiber or something.


Install and Log into Virtualmin on Google Cloud Compute

I am now of the opinion that the firewall issue is with Google cloud itself and not the ubuntu server.

I have checked all the ports on the webserver itself:
1.hosts and hostname are set to
2. port 10000 is open and listening
3. tcp:10000 is open and listening
4. i have added A records at my domain registrar to point at server ip address (which is same as hostname

I ran an mxtoolbox tcp scan on :10000 and it returned a filtered result.

Can someone confirm that i also need to allow access to :10000 from google cloud console too? (see here https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21065922/how-to-open-a-specific-port-such-as-9090-in-google-compute-engine )


Impossible to turn Inspirion 1545 into Access Point?

IBSS means ad-hoc, that is computer-to-computer: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Basic_Service_Set

With 802.11, one can alternatively set up an ad-hoc network of client
devices without a controlling access point; the result is called an
IBSS (independent BSS).

Therefore, your hardware and driver combination supports master mode; that is computer-to-access point as well as ad-hoc mode; that is, computer-to-computer. Master mode is evidently unsupported.


I had this problem after I changed graphics drivers. My solution was:

Press Alt+F2.
Type xfce4-panel --preferences and press Return.  This brings up the panel preferences.
Under Output, make sure that it is selected to show up on the right monitor.  It might be selected to show up on an external video output or some other non-existing monitor.
Repeat this for all affected panels by selecting them from the pull-down at the top of the panel preferences window.


There actually is only one release 14.04. You have the kernel that is used in an update. These updates are there so that someone who installs Ubuntu now, does not have to completely reinstall all the packages in LTS release.

No matter how you install you will end up with what you have now.


The easiest way would be adding the command to Startup application, first we'll wrap the command with bash script.

touch speedmouse.sh

Then, append your command:

echo "xinput set-prop 13 276 0.7" >> speedmouse.sh

Press Alt + F2, type gnome-session-properties to launch startup application. Press Add to create new startup:

You should all set now.


Root account by default is disabled in Ubuntu, but you can log in to root with your sudo password through sudo -i


Is there a way to mass remove apps that have been installed manually?

There in no single catch-all procedure or algorithm to remove arbitrary software installations from your system since the the removal methods depends on the specific installation method and location of each piece of software.


Automatically launch gksudo when user doesn't have write permissions?

#!/bin/bash
EDITOR=gedit
SUDO=gksu-polkit
test -w "$1" || exec $SUDO $EDITOR "$1"
exec $EDITOR "$1"

Paste that in a file, make executable, and set as default to open whatever files you like.  Change the variables if you have a different editor or sudo program..  (Personally, I like gksu-polkit, from the package of the same name, better than gksudo, just because it doesn't grab my screen.)

I assume you know how to do all that; I'm more than happy to help if you don't.


Ubuntu 16.04 Apache update configuration reset

regularly you get a request which configuration files you want to keep during that process, so that is interactive. In your case you should choose N to keep your current configuration files instead of installing the package maintainers version.


Kubuntu 15.04: Cannot Install Language Support (Language Selector Gnome)

Kubuntu isn't really compatible with Language Support. Probably you can start it from a terminal window:

gnome-language-selector

but I doubt it would be a good idea to try to use it for controlling display language or regional formats. Kubuntu uses KDE stuff for the purpose instead.

What's the purpose for wanting to install/use it?

Edit:

From a comment I understand that the goal is to make sure that the language packs and related language support packages get completely installed. That can be done in a terminal window by running this command:

sudo apt-get install $(check-language-support)


You can use rm to delete the symlink.

Example:

-rw-rw-r-- 1 2014-01-02 09:21 tmo
lrwxrwxrwx 1 2014-01-02 09:21 tmo2 -> tmo

Then ...

 rm tmo2

will remove the symlink.


Alternatively you could use the NetworkManager CLI with the nmcli command.

list all NM connections: nmcli con
bring up VPN connection : nmcli con up id VPN-Connection-Name
bring down VPN connection: nmcli con down id VPN-Connection-Name

Where VPN-Connection-Name is the actual name of the VPN connection as listed in the nmcli con output.

You'll need to copy the corresponding NetworkManager VPN connection profile file which is stored under /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ from the desktop Ubuntu to the computer you want to use the command-line.

To pickup the new VPN connection profile file (or even changes to that file if you edit it), issue the following:

nmcli con reload

Be sure to to install network-manager-l2tp, you won't need the GNOME GUI network-manager-l2tp-gnome package.

sudo apt install network-manager-l2tp resolvconf

To avoid Ubuntu bug LP#1778946 which breaks DNS resolution after disconnecting the VPN connection, I recommend installing the resolvconf package :


Is it possible to downgrade from php 7.4.5 to php 7.4.3

To install an older version of a package, you can use the following syntax:

sudo apt install PackageName=Version

From your question, it looks like you want to install version 7.4.3-4ubuntu1, so you would run:

sudo apt install php7.4-common=7.4.3-4ubuntu1

That will install version 7.4.3-4ubuntu1, however having multiple versions of the same package installed may in some cases cause conflict or apt may refuse to install it at all. If this is the case, you would most likely have to uninstall the current version of the package first.


It seems you are trying to upgrade from 12.04 (which will be End-Of-Life soon) to a newer version.  First, make a backup of any important files.  Upgrades, while usually working just fine, rarely can leave you with a system that doesn't boot, so it is best to always be prepared for the worst (although personal files can usually be recovered with a LiveDVD in these situations).  Now run:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

This will update your packages to their latest 12.04-based versions.  Next run:

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge && sudo apt-get purge $(dpkg -l | awk '/^rc/ { print $2 }')

This will remove old leftover packages and config files that could interfere with the upgrade.

Now try running Update Manager again and see if it offers an upgrade to 14.04.  If so, then just let it do the upgrade, and you should be done!  If not, go into "Software Sources", and under the "Updates" tab, change "Notify me of a new Ubuntu version:" to "For long-term support versions".  Try update manager again to see if it offers you 14.04.  If it still doesn't, open a Terminal and run:

sudo do-release-upgrade -c

If it offers Ubuntu 14.04, then run:

sudo do-release-upgrade

If it still offers Ubuntu 12.10, well, enlist the help of the kid down the block that has nothing better to do than fix people's computers. :)


Add the PPA ppa:hda-me/zulucrypt via

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:hda-me/zulucrypt
sudo apt-get update

and install

sudo apt-get install zulucrypt-cli zulucrypt-gui

for the GUI and the CLI version.


Strange update: "Safe and Easy Web Browser from Mozilla firefox"

I run 12.04 as well and Firefox is labelled as "Safe and Easy Web Browser from Mozilla firefox" in Update Manager
It should be safe to update. I am running v 26.0
The language pack update is expected with a new version/update


Okular doesn't show correct zoom factors (too small)

I had the same problem with Evince (the PDF viewer for GNOME and Unity systems) and some other applications. The issue can be solved by explicitly telling your (physical) display size to the X server.

Create the file /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/90-monitor.conf and add the following content:

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier "<default monitor>"
    DisplaySize 294 165    # In millimeters
EndSection

You have to change the numerical values and you might also need to tweak the identifier if you have more than one monitor.


You can use Pepper Flash in Firefox too. For doing that, Start terminal and type following commands on terminal :

 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install freshplayerplugin


Execute single program on boot, no menus

When building a Kiosk, I would first list what is the expected behavior. Expected behavior of a Kiosk should be, from your question :

A single graphical application to run fullscreen
This graphical application is started automatically when the server boot up
In the case that a user is able to stop the application (on purpose or after an error), this application should be restarted again.

I thing that your approach, starting from a full desktop and trying to remove the unnecessary things (like Unity) is not the correct approach. From my own experience, I search what are the minimal components to have to be achieve the above goals.

For me, the minimal components are :

An X Server, automatically launch during boot time without user login (without any layer like gdm, etc.
A Windows manager (to draw and manage the window of your application itself) with the ability to remove the minimize, maximize, close, ... button of the title bar. (if your application is already fullscreen by default this component can be optional.)
A script to check that the application is still running and to restart it in case it is not.

So starting from an Ubuntu Server installation, without any graphical component installed, you will have to install at least Xorg (sudo apt-get install xorg).
From the command line, you can always start the X server with startx.
To launch the graphical application together with the X server, you will have to create an .xsession file which purpose is to tell the X server which application to launch after the X server itself.


This question could use a bit more information, but it sounds like you have a problem with you webcam's driver, rather than with Skype itself. Perhaps try re-installing or upgrading it?


I had exactly the same issue on 18.04. For me it turned out to be the headset itself. The reason why it works better on other OS (I tested on Android and it worked perfectly) is that Android/Windows have active (software) noise suppression for external microphones while Ubuntu doesn't.
Eventually I tried another (even much cheaper) headset with my Ubuntu and it worked perfectly.
Although it's possible to reduce noise by decreasing mic boost via alsamixer, an annoying background noise still exists for me, so I'm going to buy another headset.


Chaining command when running bash script

The example you showed will work. Is there a problem when testing it?
One issue with using ; to chain commands is that all of them always get executed. This might be a problem for your script, as steeldriver mentioned.
Instead of using ; you may prefer to use && in this case, to have the notification display only when the script ran successfully. Then, if the script encounters an error, like a missing file, a permission problem, or a command that doesn't exist or has the wrong syntax, the command chained after it with && will not run.
However, depending on the script contents, you may need to adjust it to include exit statuses (in Bash, zero is success, and anything else is an error), in case the script runs without any errors but still somehow fails to do what it was supposed to. You include these by writing exit 1 exit 2 and so on in the script, usually as part of a conditional. For example, here's a piece of code that checks whether the user running the script is root, and causes the script to exit with an error if they are not:
if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]
    then
        echo "Please run as root"
        exit 1
    else
        echo "You are root, continuing..."
fi


Aptana Studio 3 doesn't have a launcher icon

Used sudo gnome-desktop-item-edit /usr/share/applications/ --create-new to create a launcher instead of manually creating one and that worked.

You may need to install gnome-panel  first:

sudo apt-get install gnome-panel

If you want to install the minimum needed for the desktop-item-edit command, use this instead:

sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install gnome-panel


Kernel dead in jupyter notebook, matplotlib seems not to work

If you don't want to mess up the matplotlib that you already have installed in Anaconda, you can install second instance of matplotlib inside a Python virtual environment (virtualenv) alongside  the matplotlib that is installed in Anaconda. Installing Jupyter, matplotlib and whatever else you need with pip is easy and straightforward in virtualenv.
virtualenv allows you to create a sandboxed and isolated environment where Python packages can be installed without interfering with other packages on the same machine.

Install Python virtual environment creator (virtualenv):
 sudo apt install python-virtualenv virtualenv

Make a new directory (I'll call it PythonVirtualEnv in this example) for the Python virtual environment and setup the Python virtual environment with Python and pip in it.
 cd ~
 mkdir PythonVirtualEnv
 virtualenv PythonVirtualEnv

Install some packages.
 cd ~/PythonVirtualEnv
 source bin/activate
 python -m pip install jupyter matplotlib

Deactivate the Python virtual environment before leaving it.
 deactivate

Creating an environment with a custom Python interpreter
sudo apt install python3-virtualenv
cd ~
mkdir Python3VirtualEnv
virtualenv --python=/usr/bin/python3 Python3VirtualEnv # /usr/bin/python3 is the default location of the python3 executable
cd ~/Python3VirtualEnv
source bin/activate
python3 -m pip install jupyter matplotlib


On a default Ubuntu install (checked on my 16.04), the username admin should not be taken yet. However, there can be a system group named admin, which has similar effects as the sudo group. As every new user automatically gets assigned a primary group with the same name as the username, creating a user called admin might fail. It is not recommended to try that name therefore.

Anyway, I am not aware of any other common usernames that are recommended to be used for admin accounts except the obvious administrator and maybe toor (root spelled backwards).

Generally you are free in your name choice, as  long as it does not contain any forbidden characters (use only lowercase letters, digits, dots, dashes and underscores). Just make sure your name is not taken yet.

Here's a command to list all existing user names and group names (duplicates eliminated) on your machine for comparison, so that you know what not to take:

grep -hPo '^.+?(?=:)' /etc/passwd /etc/group | sort -u

Just to point it out again, and "admin" user on Ubuntu does not mean a second root-like account. It means a normal unprivileged user account with the addition of some group memberships, like the sudo group which allows you to run commands as root using the sudo command, and a few other less relevant ones.

Related older questions of mine:

Difference between admin/normal accounts except the right to use "sudo"?
Security risk in everyday use of an admin account (not root)?


My system does not recognize all of my RAM memory

Memory

Your memory is installed incorrectly.

This motherboard has dual-channel memory capability, yet sudo lshw -C memory shows RAM in slots A0, A1, A2, and A3. So it's only using one memory channel. This is also shown in your dmidecode output as "Single-bank Connection". This is either because you're mixing 1G and 2G DIMMS, or because they're in the wrong RAM slots to take advantage of memory interleaving. Memory interleaving requires matched pairs of DIMMS.

Also, as pointed out by @K7AAY, memory DIMMS MUST be single-sided DIMMS when 4 DIMMS are present.

The manual indicates that the RAM slots are color-coded blue and white. It does NOT detail which are channel A or channel B slots.

So, to determine the correct DIMM placement, do this:

remove both 1G DIMMS
this will leave 2G DIMMS in either 2 blue slots, 2 white slots, or 1 white and 1 blue slot
remove ONE 2G DIMM and place it in the other color open adjoining slot
do sudo lshw -C memory again, and note the SLOT position of the two installed 2G DIMMS, and assure that they are in slots A0 and B0. If not, remove the 2G DIMMS and place them in the OTHER open slots, and redo the lshw command.
once the 2G DIMMS are in slots A0 and B0, reinstall the 1G DIMMS into the remaining open slots, and redo the lshw command, and verify that they show up in slots A1 and B1.

If all of this doesn't work, then you'll have to use four 2G DIMMS to achieve your goal.

BIOS

Do sudo dmidecode -s bios-version and assure that it returns F6. If not, go to here to download the newer BIOS.


Mount bind with full ownership and permissions

Unselect the automount option in the virtual machine settings.

To mount the folder manually, run this on a terminal:

sudo mount -t vboxsf -o uid=1000,gid=1000 Documents /media/D/Leinardo/Documents

To mount it automatically, add this line to /etc/fstab:

Documents /media/D/Leinardo/Documents vboxsf uid=1000,gid=1000 0 0


How do I get Chromium or Firefox manage multi touch events properly?

Run command:

chromium --enabled-pinch

for
context menu

create shortcut application (.desktop) in

/home/"your user"/.local/share/applications

OR

support all aplications

search:

multi touch compiz plugin

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rY-85BUqWgY


Bash script to open evince (pdf reader) and close terminal

using nohup you can avoid the evince process from being terminated with its parent process:

nohup evince &
sleep 2
kill -9 $PPID

more details on what nohup does and where it comes from can be found on wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohup

  nohup is a POSIX command to ignore the HUP (hangup) signal. The HUP
  signal is, by convention, the way a terminal warns dependent processes
  of logout.

  Output that would normally go to the terminal goes to a file called
  nohup.out if it has not already been redirected.


To get number one done. Go to system prefrences monitor settnigs. To fix the first one you need to right click on the panel click panel settings.
Or run lxpanelctl config to bring up the settings of the panel. Then select the monitor two in your case to get it to the bottom.

To get the large window on the tv are you moving it to the tv and then laucnh it on the tv? That is the expected behavior anything else might be a bug.


Intel AX200 wifi card not found on ubuntu 20.04

Followed chili555's recommendation, disabled fast boot on my Windows OS, and then wifi card was recognised and working! I couldn't figure out how to set their comment as the answer, and I just wanted to make it clear for anyone looking at the question how this issue was solved.
Thanks chili555!


newly installed 12.04 cannot connect to internet

try requesting a new IP from the DHCP

sudo dhclient -r

releases current

sudo dhclient eth0

Renews IP-address of device.