How do I increase the font size in Dash?

If you're not comfortable with the command line, the font can be accessed by installing Ubuntu Tweak or GNOME Tweak Tool

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

and going to the fonts tab (Tweaks > Font for Ubuntu Tweak) and changing the default font size (Ubuntu, 11) by clicking the 11. When you increase this the font in your dash should increase with it.


Is there a list of phones that will work with Ubuntu for Android

HTC Android smartphones/tablets (such as G2 Phone, Nexus One)

I got this information only but the mobile devices which have the following specifications can deal with Ubuntu Android.

Dual-core 1 GHz CPU
Video acceleration: shared kernel driver with associated X driver; OpenGL, ES/EGL
Storage: 2GB for OS disk image
HDMI: video-out with secondary frame-buffer device
USB host mode
512 MB RAM

So any phone which can meet those specifications can get Ubuntu.


how to recover an unsaved edited pdf on ubuntu 16.04?

Not really

Files that are being edited by a program are loaded in RAM. They are generally never written to disk until you save, so there is no data to recover from the disk.

In some instances some text strings can be extracted from RAM, but this requires obtaining a RAM dump from the running system. This is a difficult process that should be performed by trained digital forensics experts. Also, if you turned off your computer in the meantime then it will be completely worthless.


IIO sensor Proxy service hangs on shutdown

I had this problem on my HP laptop too: the laptop took way too long to shut down. I didn't uninstall the package just masked the service not to start up on boot:

sudo systemctl mask iio-sensor-proxy.service

then also disable the orientation plugin (which is the only one using the accelerometer):

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.orientation active false

You will not have this long shutdown problem any more after your second reboot.


Manually installed exiv not found during meson build in Ubuntu 19.04

I found what was wrong - you have downloaded binary version of Exiv2, but really you need source version with corresponding headers and development files.

So the complete steps will be the following:

exiv2 part

sudo apt-get install cmake meson
sudo apt-get build-dep exiv2

cd ~/Downloads
wget https://www.exiv2.org/builds/exiv2-0.27.1-Source.tar.gz
tar -xf exiv2-0.27.1-Source.tar.gz
cd exiv2-0.27.1-Source/
cmake .
make
sudo make install

Check:

$ exiv2 --version | head -n1
exiv2 0.27.1

gexiv2 part

sudo apt-get build-dep libgexiv2-dev
cd ~/Downloads
wget http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/gexiv2/0.11/gexiv2-0.11.0.tar.xz
tar -xf gexiv2-0.11.0.tar.xz
cd gexiv2-0.11.0/
meson build
cd build
sudo meson install

and so on.


you can try installing by acpi=off
"ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)"

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootOptions


Probably you mean opening *.png files, mime type x-apple-ios-png with gnome commander.

The answer is there: http://gcmd.github.io/doc.html. Create three files in ~/.local/share/applications directory:

mimeapps.list

[Default Applications]
image/x-apple-ios-png=eog-usercreated.desktop

eog-usercreated.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Name=eog
MimeType=image/x-apple-ios-png;
Exec='/usr/bin/eog'
Type=Application
Terminal=false
NoDisplay=true

mimeinfo.cache

[MIME Cache]
image/x-apple-ios-png=eog-usercreated.desktop

It works under Ubuntu 14.04.1, Gnome Commander 1.2.8.17


How do I change from Intel HD Graphics to Radeon in 16.04?

Proprietary Radeon drivers are not supported in 16.04.  Forcing an install, or keeping them installed during an upgrade will cause issues, if you can even get them to install.
For now, 16.04 is using opensource AMD Drivers, but, they're not very good and not reliable.  Performance is also a huge issue.
Unfortunately for those of us using the AMD graphics, we need to wait, and use the Intel HD graphics (If you're lucky to have it) until then.
See:

RadeonDriver - Community Help Wiki

Why Radeon Users May Want to Avoid Ubuntu 16.04 LTS


First, make sure that you own the partition.
Go to Media then right click on the icon then go to properties.
On the middle tab you can see the owner.
If it is root then open a terminal by pressing ctrl+alt+T
and type the following command:
    sudo chown --recursive [yourUserName]:[yourUserName] [pathToPartitionFolder]
without the []
and enter your password when asked.
Where [pathToPartitionFolder] is something like /media/7a8s87d8.
Try to write a file on the partition.

If you are the owner   but it is not writeable  then make it writeable by changing the rights on the middle tab of properties.


How can I create an administrator user from the command line?

Add the user to the sudo group with:

adduser <username> sudo

(If you're running Ubuntu 11.10 or earlier, use the admin group.)

Default values are stored in /etc/adduser.conf, you can check them with

less /etc/adduser.conf

To create a user and add it directly to the sudo group use

adduser <username> --group sudo

(Again, use admin in place of sudo for 11.10 and earlier.)

Have a look at all the options you have with adduser here.


To edit:

Use any editor you like:

gedit some_file.sh
nano  some_file.sh
vim   some_file.sh
# ...

To run:

Either make it executable and run it giving the path:

chmod +x some_file.sh
./some_file.sh

Or tell bash to run it:

bash some_file.sh

Also see: How to run scripts without typing the full path?


First problem is bug in Metacity 1:3.18.3-1ubuntu3 and should be fixed by upgrading to 1:3.18.4-0ubuntu0.1 version.

Unfortunately I don't have answer for your second problem...


UNIX domain sockets are a method by which processes on the same host can communicate. Communication is bidirectional with stream sockets and unidirectional with datagram sockets.

UNIX domain sockets use the file system as the address name space i.e,  instead of identifying a server by an IP address and port, a UNIX domain socket is known by a pathname.  This
  means you can use UNIX file permissions to control access to communicate
  with them.  I.e., you can limit what other processes can connect to the
  daemon -- maybe one user can, but the web server can't, or the like.
  With IP sockets, the ability to connect to your daemon is exposed off
  the current system, which means anyone can connect to your socket, so additional steps may have to be taken for security.  On the other hand, you get network transparency.

With UNIX
  domain sockets, you can actually retrieve the credential of the process
  that created the remote socket, and use that for access control also,
  which can be quite convenient on multi-user systems.

UNIX domain sockets have explicit knowledge that they're executing on
  the same system.  They avoid the extra context switches and No checksums are calculated, no
  headers are inserted, no routing is performed, etc.  Because they have
  access to the remote socket buffer, they can also directly provide
  feedback to the sender when it is filling, or more importantly,
  emptying, rather than having the added overhead of explicit
  acknowledgement and window changes.  The one piece of functionality that
  UNIX domain sockets don't provide that TCP does is out of band data.


Usually I do this:
ssh -XC -C -c arcfour,blowfish-cbc username@IP

Don't do that. Use -Y to make sure it will be working in future. Selection of "bad ciphers" does not help these days, nor the -C for compression.
ssh -Y username@IP

is just enough.
If you don't want to write all of them, there is ssh_config, where you can store entry like this:
Host pi
  Hostname <IP>
  User username
  ForwardX11 yes

and then you can connect simply by typing ssh pi.
To get rid of the password, prompt, it is good choice to set up public key authentication (in short):
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id pi

Lastly, you can start the programs on the pi directly from ssh, such as
ssh pi gimp

which can be simply used as an shortcut for desktop, if you wish. But I think it is faster to type that, than search some icons on the desktop :)


I don't think you can download the dell power manager app for linux. However you may be able to change the settings in the bios.


How to install NVIDIA Driver proprietary, tested on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

You sudo have hybrid Intel+Nvidia graphics.

Your card is new and the recommended driver does not support it.

To install a working driver with adapter switcher run

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352 nvidia-prime
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

and reboot.

You will be able to switch adapters in Nvidia Settings application (PRIME profile).


Substitute specific char sequence inside filenames

For batch renaming of files and directories with GUI you can use GPRename.

You can install it with:

sudo apt-get install gprename


What are possible causes for error PXE-E99 during MAAS machine commissioning

The MAAS server has two NICs: 1 for management/gui/ipmi (eth0) and 1 for PXE (eth1).

There was an IP address conflict with the MAAS nic used for PXE (eth1) and some other host on the network.  The IP conflict did not prevent DHCP assignment but caused the TFTP exchange of bootx64.efi to fail.

This was not initially obvious since MAAS was being accessed successfully through eth0 and DHCP was assigning addresses through eth1.


xterm error : xt error can't open display xterm display is not set

This is likely due to either a misconfiguration issue or you have multiple displays. As can be seen in the xterm manpage (man xterm) you can set the display using the -display flag:

   -display display
           This option specifies the X server to contact; see X(7).

If you then look in X(7) where it specifies to look (man X) you will see what you need to put after the flag:

DISPLAY NAMES
       From  the  user's perspective, every X server has a display name of the
       form:

              hostname:displaynumber.screennumber

       This information is used by the application to determine how it  should
       connect  to  the  server  and which screen it should use by default (on
       displays with multiple monitors):

       hostname
               The hostname specifies the name of the  machine  to  which  the
               display is physically connected.  If the hostname is not given,
               the most efficient way of communicating to a server on the same
               machine will be used.

       displaynumber
               The  phrase  "display" is usually used to refer to a collection
               of monitors that share a common set of input devices (keyboard,
               mouse,  tablet, etc.).  Most workstations tend to only have one
               display.  Larger, multi-user systems, however, frequently  have
               several  displays  so  that  more  than one person can be doing
               graphics work at once.  To avoid confusion, each display  on  a
               machine  is assigned a display number (beginning at 0) when the
               X server for that display is started.  The display number  must
               always be given in a display name.

       screennumber
               Some displays share their input devices among two or more moni‐
               tors.  These may be configured  as  a  single  logical  screen,
               which  allows  windows to move across screens, or as individual
               screens, each with their own set  of  windows.   If  configured
               such  that each monitor has its own set of windows, each screen
               is assigned a screen number (beginning at 0) when the X  server
               for  that  display  is  started.   If  the screen number is not
               given, screen 0 will be used.

       On POSIX systems, the default display name is stored  in  your  DISPLAY
       environment  variable.  This variable is set automatically by the xterm
       terminal emulator.  However, when you log into  another  machine  on  a
       network,  you may need to set DISPLAY by hand to point to your display.
       For example,

           % setenv DISPLAY myws:0
           $ DISPLAY=myws:0; export DISPLAY

       The ssh program can be used to start an X program on a remote  machine;
       it automatically sets the DISPLAY variable correctly.

       Finally,  most X programs accept a command line option of -display dis‐
       playname to temporarily override the contents of DISPLAY.  This is most
       commonly used to pop windows on another person's screen or as part of a
       "remote shell" command to start an xterm pointing back to your display.
       For example,

           % xeyes -display joesws:0 -geometry 1000x1000+0+0
           % rsh big xterm -display myws:0 -ls </dev/null &

       X  servers  listen for connections on a variety of different communica‐
       tions channels (network byte  streams,  shared  memory,  etc.).   Since
       there  can be more than one way of contacting a given server, The host‐
       name part of the display name is used to determine the type of  channel
       (also  called  a transport layer) to be used.  X servers generally sup‐
       port the following types of connections:

       local
               The hostname part of the  display  name  should  be  the  empty
               string.   For  example:   :0, :1, and :0.1.  The most efficient
               local transport will be chosen.

       TCPIP
               The hostname part of the display  name  should  be  the  server
               machine's  hostname or IP address.  Full Internet names, abbre‐
               viated names,  IPv4  addresses,  and  IPv6  addresses  are  all
               allowed.     For    example:    x.org:0,    expo:0,    [::1]:0,
               198.112.45.11:0, bigmachine:1, and hydra:0.1.

To get the value of your display you should just be able to run:

echo $DISPLAY


How can I make the window buttons in the panel match the window buttons in the window decorations?

The buttons for light themes are hard coded into Unity. Support for metacity themes has not landed yet in Unity. There is a bug report filed on LP too. Hope fully, proper support will be added in Oneiric.

You could modify images found in /usr/share/unity to achieve some level of customizability, I suppose.


If you have a dual-boot system with Windows just turned off fast startup mode in windows and you will be able to write to NTFS drive. https://www.windowscentral.com/how-disable-windows-10-fast-startup.


Disable Screensaver While Using Hulu Desktop

$ cat ~/bin/hulu-suspend
#!/bin/sh
# wrapper for gnome-screensaver-command utility to inhibit and
# refrain from inhibiting screensaver. comments and robustness
# are sacrificed for simplicity

case $0 in
    *suspend*)
        gnome-screensaver-command --application-name Hulu \
            --reason "watchin stuffs" --inhibit &
        gnome-screensaver-command --query ;;
    *resume*)
        killall gnome-screensaver-command;
        gnome-screensaver-command --query ;;
    *) echo "usage $0: read the script $0"; exit 1;;
esac
$ chmod +x ~/bin/hulu-suspend
$ ln ~/bin/hulu-suspend ~/bin/hulu-resume
$ hulu-suspend
The screensaver is being inhibited by:
Application="Hulu"; Since="2010-09-30T03:30:15.169875Z";
    Reason="watchin stuffs";
$ ln ~/bin/hulu-suspend ~/bin/hulu-resume
$ ~/bin/hulu-resume
The screensaver is not inhibited

It's been tested; it claims to work. Enjoy.


Which directory is used as your Desktop is configured in the simple text file ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs, which looks like this:

# This file is written by xdg-user-dirs-update
# If you want to change or add directories, just edit the line you're
# interested in. All local changes will be retained on the next run
# Format is XDG_xxx_DIR="$HOME/yyy", where yyy is a shell-escaped
# homedir-relative path, or XDG_xxx_DIR="/yyy", where /yyy is an
# absolute path. No other format is supported.
#
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"

To set a different directory as your desktop, just edit the line starting with XDG_DESKTOP_DIR= to your needs.

After that you must restart the Nautilus daemon process which is responsible for displaying the desktop icons for the changes to take effect. This can be done by simply logging out and back in, or by running this command below (which will also close all open File Manager windows):

(nautilus --quit && nautilus --no-default-window & disown) &> /dev/null

This all is unrelated to your desktop background wallpaper though, so unless you change it manually every time, it will stay the same.


Which window manager offers the best stability?

There is a lot of window managers available.  Below are some of them, and how to install them.

Gnome

KDE

Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the commands below.

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

XFCE

Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the commands below.

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

LXDE

or

Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the commands below.

sudo apt-get install lxde

As far as turning Compiz off.  The easiest way is to use a session that does exactly what you want.

Log out.
At the login screen choose the Ubuntu Classic (No effects)session
Log in.

You will be in a classic GNOME session without Compiz. Subsequent logins will use this session as default.

Another way to turn off compiz with just one click you need to install an application called compiz-switch. Download compiz-switch

With compiz-switch you can turn off and turn on the compiz easily with just one click.

For a detailed list of windows managers that explains everyone, give technical detail, and then a comparisson between all of them, then Check this site out!

On a personal note, I have tried most of these managers, and I'm very happy with LXDE.  I have been using it since I made the switch to Ubuntu.

Source: https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/


Boot off of Ubuntu 12.04 using old kernel

According to this answer, 32-bit Xubuntu 12.04 doesn't expect PAE by default. You should be able to create a bootable USB and load boot-repair/install from that.


Well, It seems like Ubuntu generally worked when run from a 13.04 x64 Live CD. The exceptions I noticed are:

No touch
The provided wireless keyboard (or mouse) did not work probably since this is the Logitech Unifying driver, not some generic bluetooth type.
Issues with Enter key on generic USB keyboard - wasn't activating the Dash contents.

I didn't try a USB mouse, since I ran out of USB ports. I would imagine it would work, and is critical without touch support.

I could not wipe the drive as it was a gift for someone else.  I'm hoping to investigate further permitting access to the device and some research into what kind of screws seal the back plate on. (they are some type of star shape).


Kindle for PC installed via winetricks won't sync

You may close this question if you wish.  I think the problem is that the version of Kindle for PC used by winetricks is too old.  I followed the instructions from one of the posts in the list of solutions to making Kindle work that my question was said to duplicate - specifically the one that starts with creating a 32 bit wineprefix, downloaded the last version of the installer that works on Windows XP (1.15) and after following the rest of the instructions now have a working version of Kindle for PC.  It is possible that replacing the installer in winetricks with the 1.15 version might be all that is required but since this process worked I didn't try it.


How to prevent grep from printing the same string multiple times?

The Unix philosophy is to have tools that do one thing and do them well.  In this case, grep is the tool that selects text from a file.  To find out if there are duplicates, one sorts the text.  To remove the duplicates, one uses the -u option to sort.  Thus:

grep These filename | sort -u

sort has many options: see man sort.  If you want to count duplicates or have a more complicated scheme for determining what is or is not a duplicate, then pipe the sort output to uniq:  grep These filename | sort | uniq and see manuniq` for options.


IF inside UNTIL. Not working any suggestions!

Short answer: There's an error in line 10. The operator -ne is for integers, != is for strings.

Long answer follows.

Look again at the error message.

test.sh: line 10: [: MU: integer expression expected

That left square bracket is actually a command that lives on your filesystem, not a syntactic element as many would expect. As most commands in *nix, it has a man page you can check with:

man [

where you'll find the list of all the tests it is able to do for you:

...
STRING1 != STRING2
  the strings are not equal
...
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2
  INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
...

Note that [ and test are the same command and you're probably going to see both of them throughout your carreer.

Shell scripting can be very hard at first, but don't get discouraged because it's worth it.

I find that bash's option -x is very useful when debugging shell scripts. When used, bash echoes all commands before actually running them.

$ bash -x test.sh
+ selected=MU
+ team=xyz
+ '[' MU = xyz ']'
+ echo 'Guess the best team:
    Manchester United->MU
    Arsenal      ->AR
    Chelsea      ->CH' Guess the best team:
    Manchester United->MU
    Arsenal      ->AR
    Chelsea      ->CH
+ read team MU
+ '[' MU -ne MU ']' test.sh: line 10: [: MU: integer expression expected
+ '[' MU = MU ']'
+ echo 'Correct!! Manchester united is the best' Correct!! Manchester united is the best


Failed to start Load Kernel Modules Ubuntu 16.04

OP solved their problem as follows:

[FAILED] Failed to start Load Kernel Modules was a red-herring. rtc is an obsolete module. The error message was removed by switching to tty1 (ctrl+alt+F1) and commenting out rtc (putting # at the start of the line) in /etc/modules (using sudoedit).

Now the computer would just boot to a blank screen.

Again in tty1, I then tried to connect to the internet, but sudo dhclient eth0 gave me this error message :

failed to stat component /etc/dhcp/dhclient-enter-hooks.d/debug: No such file or directory
failed to stat component /etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/debug: No such file or directory

It turned out broken symlinks were to blame for that so to fix it:

cd /etc/dhcp/dhclient-enter-hooks.d
sudo rm debug
sudo ln -s ../debug.dbkg-new debug`

and then

cd /etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d
sudo rm debug
sudo ln -s ../debug.dbkg-new debug

So then it was possible to do sudo dhclient eth0

ping google.com returned unknown host google.com but ping 8.8.8.8 worked fine, so this was fixed by doing echo 'nameserver 8.8.8.8' | sudo tee /etc/resolv.conf as advised by steeldriver in this comment

With internet connected at last, all problems were fixed by running:

sudo apt-get update
dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt full-upgrade -f
sudo apt -f install


How to get rc.local working for changing settings

There might be a simpler method to your mouse speed issues. From the Launcher select System Settings and then click on Mouse & Touchpad to bring up this screen:

From here you can set your mouse speed.


How to create a Customized Ubuntu Server ISO?

Download

Download the Ubuntu server ISO from this location. You have the option to go 32-bit or 64-bit. The file name for the server edition will look similar to this:

ubuntu-13.10-server-i386.iso
ubuntu-13.10-server-amd64.iso

I will assume the 13.10 64-bit version in the following instructions, so adjust the commands to the download you did. Keep a copy of your download so you can create multiple new versions from the original download in case you need to improve your project. I will also assume we use ~/Downloads/ to do all our work.

Initial setup

This will create 2 directories "iso" and "isoNew" inside your Downloads directory, mount the ISO and copy the contents from "iso" over to "isoNew" to start a new project.

Put this in a text file, save it, make it executable and execute it:

# Ubuntu custom server
# rinzwind askubuntu.com
# topic: http://askubuntu.com/questions/409607/how-to-create-a-customized-ubuntu-server-iso/409651#409651
cd ~/Downloads/
mkdir -p iso newIso
sudo mount -o loop ./ubuntu-13.10-server-amd64.iso ./iso
sudo cp -r ./iso/* ./newIso/
sudo cp -r ./iso/.disk/ ./newIso/
sudo umount ./iso/
cd ~/Downloads/newIso/

It will throw 1 error message: mount: block device /discworld/Downloads/ubuntu-13.10-server-amd64.iso is write-protected, mounting read-only

Example images on how this will look like:

Executing:

Result:

Adding a Boot Menu Option

The menu options for the installer are stored in isolinux/txt.cfg and you can create new options in-between default install and label install.

This will create a new option called "Install Custom Ubuntu server" and it will add a kickstart file (the kickstart file is used to alter options; explained below):

label myownoption
  menu label ^Install Custom Ubuntu Server
  kernel /install/vmlinuz
  append  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-custom.seed initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet ks=cdrom:/preseed/ks-custom.cfg --

myownoption is just a label you can use to identify your option.
"Install Custom Ubuntu Server" is the text that will show up in the boot menu.
If you want to make your menu option the default one, you only need to change the default install to default myownoption.

Example:

and editing the file (I used nano but if available use gedit, vim or another editor). Here is my addition to this file where I used "lampserver" as a label and my seed will be named "lampserver" too.

Kickstart (graphically setting up a configuration file)

  The Red Hat Kickstart installation method is used primarily (but not exclusively) by the Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system to automatically perform unattended operating system installation and configuration.

Documentation on preseeding/kickstart for Ubuntu. Ubuntu has limited support for kickstart (and preseeding); one of the missing things is a graphical interface for preseeding. Kickstart does have options for this (see the images) but these do not seem to work on Ubuntu. You can do this manually though (see Preseeding below).

Installation and starting kickstart:

sudo apt-get install system-config-kickstart
ksconfig

** WARNING **

kickstart is bugged in Ubuntu 13.10 and when starting it, it errors out. Here is a fix. Put the patch in the comment into a text file, save it (I named it "patch") and commit it:

After that ksconfig worked and it will start a configuration editor that allows for you to manipulate a lot of options.

See the Red Hat Linux 7.2: The Official Red Hat Linux Customization Guide for a description for all of the options you can set.

After you are done, save the changes to a ks.cfg file and copy it over to the ISO we are changing:

sudo cp ks.cfg ~/Downloads/newIso/preseed/ks-custom.cfg

If you change anything here the installer will SKIP asking for that information if it is considered valid. If you did not change an option the installer will still ask for you to answer.
You can also download kickstart files and save those in as ks-custom.cfg in ~/Downloads/newIso/preseed/.

Example where I inserted my credentials. I started it with sudo ksconfig from commandline.

And saving it to the project:

Preseeding (manually setting up a configuration file)

Preseeding provides a way to set answers to questions asked during the installation process, without having to manually enter the answers while the installation is running. This makes it possible to fully automate most types of installation and even offers some features not available during normal installations.

Copy the preseed for the normal install over to your own label:

sudo cp newIso/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed newIso/preseed/ubuntu-myownoption.seed

change the myownoption to what you used.

Now for changing settings. Using debconf-get-selections from the debconf-utils you can investigate what parameters you can use with specific software.

Example setting this up:

And adding lamp-server to be installed with tasksel:

If you want to add packages "openssh" and "build-essential" you can include this in the seed file:

d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server build-essential

An example for openssh:

debconf-get-selections | grep openssh
openssh-server  ssh/vulnerable_host_keys    note
openssh-server  ssh/use_old_init_script boolean true
openssh-server  ssh/encrypted_host_key_but_no_keygen    note
openssh-server  ssh/disable_cr_auth boolean false

You can add these options to custom-iso/preseed/ubuntu-myownoption.seed.
Explanation/examples using debconf settings.
An example preseed file
Examples regarding: Localization, Network configuration, Network console, Clock and time, partitioning
At the end of the preseed file you can add packages (random examples) like this:

%packages
openssh-server
mysql-server
apache2

Offline installation

In case you add packages and those are NOT in the ISO the installer will download these from the repository. If you do not have an active internet connection this will be problematic so you will need to add all those packages (and dependencies) to your project and burn them to a DVD. Luckily the normal server ISO has a lot of room but beware: CD and/or DVDs do have a limited size.

Download all the DEB packages you need and store them in ~/Downloads/. These 2 directories are needed on the new ISO:

mkdir -p ~/Downloads/newIso/dists/stable/extras/binary-i386
mkdir -p ~/Downloads/newIso/pool/extras/
sudo cp ~/Downloads/*.deb newIso/pool/extras/

And this will update our project with the new packages:

cd ~/Downloads/newIso
sudo apt-ftparchive packages ./pool/extras/ > dists/stable/extras/binary-i386/Packages
sudo gzip -c ./dists/stable/extras/binary-i386/Packages | tee ./dists/stable/extras/binary-i386/Packages.gz > /dev/null
cd ~/Downloads/

Create the ISO

cd ~/Downloads/
sudo md5sum `find ! -name “md5sum.txt” ! -path “./isolinux/*” -follow -type f` > md5sum.txt
sudo mkisofs -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -z -iso-level 4 -c isolinux/isolinux.cat -o ./ubuntu-13.10-myowninstall-amd64.iso -joliet-long newIso/

the 2nd line creates a new checksum and is only needed when adding packages.
the 3rd makes an ISO from your project that you can burn to a DVD.

Result:

And now you can try the it out by actually burning and installing it. I would advise to use as virtual machine since it will be quicker for testing the initial created ISO (otherwise you keep rebooting).

And after installing VirtualBox I get the following menu:

Bug hunting

Ran into 1 problems while installing: the default was not selected.

Shadin. From your seed file in comment

### Package Selection
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect Custom-Ubuntu-Server
d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server build-essential
%packages openssh-server postgresql-9.1 postgresql-client-9.1 postgresql-contrib-9.1 libpq-dev postgresql-server-dev-9.1 pgadmin3

probably needs to be like this:

### Package Selection
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect lamp-server
d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server build-essential postgresql-9.1 postgresql-client-9.1 postgresql-contrib-9.1 libpq-dev postgresql-server-dev-9.1 pgadmin3

Ditch the tasksel line of you do not want a LAMP server (ie. Apache, Mysql, Php)


Doesn't raring mainline kernel(PPA) v.3.8.3 support AUFS?

Probably not. I have not seen any reference to kernel 3.8 and AUFS. But then again it is a beta so it might arrive when the actual release is planned.

But it looks like AUFS is going to get deleted anyways. If it has not been deleted already.

Some links I found when searching ...

From this link:

  In light of the concerns about overlayfs being sufficiently cooked in  time for Precise, Andy Whitcroft and I have decided to re-enable aufs
  We will continue to advocate for dropping aufs in favor of a sufficient
  upstream solution at each development cycle. This means that aufs will
  disappear in future backported LTS kernels.

  In other words, don't bet your business on aufs.

Conclusion: it did not work good enough in 12.04. It did work in 12.10 but it is doubtful it works in any future release.

From the links in this question:

How do I use OverlayFS?

  Early in the Precise Pangolin 12.04 development cycle, we disabled
  support for AUFS in the kernel.  This decision was made at UDS.  The
  reasoning behind this decision included:

  * AUFS is not upstream.  Despite previous efforts from it's
    maintainer, it does not appear it will ever land upstream.
  * AUFS is a maintenance burden for the Ubuntu Kernel Team due to
    the fact that it is not upstream.
  * Support for OverlayFS has been available since Oneiric.  We have
    been encouraging migration to OverlayFS. The installer has
    already transitioned to using OverlayFS (which was done in
    Oneiric).

  Overlayfs

http://blog.dustinkirkland.com/2012/08/introducing-overlayroot-overlayfs.html

  Overlayfs is a successor of a series of union filesystem implementations, such as unionfs, aufs, etc.  It creates a single unified view of two directories.  One is the "lower" filesystem -- in our case, this a read-only mount of our original, pristine Ubuntu AMI.  The second is the "upper" filesystem -- in our case, this is a read-write mount of an encrypted block device.  We’re hopeful that it might one day make it upstream into Linux, though progress on that seems to have stalled.  Thankfully, Ubuntu’s kernels are carrying it for now.

You should be focusing on overlayfs. See the accepted answer here: How do I use OverlayFS? on some documentation.

Good luck.


Brother DCP-7030 with 12.04 - weird error

I forgot to add the udev rule from the linked post

sudo nano /lib/udev/rules.d/40-libsane.rules

And add:

# Brother scanners
ATTRS{idVendor}=="04f9", ENV{libsane_matched}="yes"

I re-installed after pulling out all brother packages in synaptic, I did that before but missed the printer-driver-ptouch package which is related to Brother, so this time I deleted that. I also deleted the printer in the settings dialog, I think that was what did it finally.

When I re-installed, I checked and found I did have this file, in both places actually so I didn't need to copy it over:

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/cups/filter/brlpdwrapper* /usr/lib64/cups/filter/

Good luck to all poor souls dealing with brother printers!  I will leave the scanner installation for later!


I'm getting a new pc without an OS, so can I download Ubuntu onto a CD on a separate laptop, then put that CD into the disk drive on the new PC?

Absolutely. (Though Ubuntu is too big for a CD. You'll need a DVD) I'd recommend waiting three days so you can get 16.04LTS though...


for that I think you need following commands. For adding repository:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-mozilla-daily/ppa

sudo apt-get install xulrunner-2.0-gnome-support
sudo apt-get install xulrunner-2.0
sudo apt-get install xulrunner-2.0-mozjs
sudo apt-get install libxul-dev

It's obvious that you will have to face some certain issues because it contains bugs for workarounds.


Cannot see the new brightness or sound values when turning the brightness or volume higher or lower, how do I fix this?

You can try to install a custom notify-osd package from https://launchpad.net/~leolik/+archive/ubuntu/leolik

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:leolik/leolik
sudo apt-get update


You can take a look at giving it a try, but you will most likely run into problems.

apt-get purge -s libnepomuk4


Unable to install Warzone2100 due to broken packages

You have a repository for Zesty enabled (archive.getdeb.com) which contains packages in versions that are incompatible with the rest of your system. You need to disable that repository, update your software lists and then it should get the correct version.

To disable the repository, either find its line in /etc/apt/sources.list or any file in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ and delete it or comment it out by putting a # in front of the line. Note that you need sudo to edit these files.

You could also do it through the System Settings → Software & Updates GUI.
Update your software lists using sudo apt update.
Try to install your package again: sudo apt install warzon2100. It should pick a compatible version now and you shouldn't get any more conflicts.


Preseed partitioning with multiple PVS for LVM on single disc

The final recipe we are using is the following:

d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max

d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \
  mypartitioning :: \
          1024 1024 1024 ext2                                \
                  $primary{ }                             \
                  $bootable{ }                            \
                  method{ format } format{ }              \
                  use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext2 }    \
                  label{ boot }                           \
                  mountpoint{ /boot }                     \
          . \
          136594 136594 136594 ext4                       \
                  $primary{ }                             \
                  method{ lvm }                           \
                  device{ /dev/sda2 }                     \
                  vg_name{ vg00 }                          \
          . \
          1 1 -1 ext4               \
                  $primary{ }                             \
                  method{ lvm }                           \
                  device{ /dev/sda3 }                     \
                  vg_name{ vg02 }                          \
          . \
          16384 16384 16384 linux-swap                       \
                  $lvmok{ } in_vg{ vg00 }                  \
                  lv_name{ swap }                         \
                  method{ swap } format{ }                \
          . \
          14336 14336 14336 ext4                          \
                  $lvmok{ } in_vg{ vg00 }                  \
                  lv_name{ root }                         \
                  method{ format } format{ }              \
                  use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 }    \
                  label{ root }                           \
                  mountpoint{ / }                         \
          . \
          1024 1024 1024 ext4                             \
                  $lvmok{ } in_vg{ vg00 }                  \
                  lv_name{ home }                          \
                  method{ format } format{ }              \
                  use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 }    \
                  label{ home }                            \
                  mountpoint{ /home }                      \
          . \
          2048 2048 2048 ext4                             \
                  $lvmok{ } in_vg{ vg00 }                  \
                  lv_name{ var }                          \
                  method{ format } format{ }              \
                  use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 }    \
                  label{ var }                            \
                  mountpoint{ /var }                      \
          . \
          6144 6144 6144 ext4                             \
                  $lvmok{ } in_vg{ vg00 }                  \
                  lv_name{ log }                          \
                  method{ format } format{ }              \
                  use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 }    \
                  label{ log }                            \
                  mountpoint{ /var/log }                      \
          . \
          2048 2048 2048 ext4                             \
                  $lvmok{ } in_vg{ vg00 }                  \
                  lv_name{ audit }                          \
                  method{ format } format{ }              \
                  use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 }    \
                  label{ audit }                            \
                  mountpoint{ /var/log/audit }                      \
          . \
          1024 1024 1024 ext4                             \
                  $lvmok{ } in_vg{ vg00 }                  \
                  lv_name{ openview }                          \
                  method{ format } format{ }              \
                  use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 }    \
                  label{ openview }                            \
                  mountpoint{ /var/opt/OV }                      \
          . \
          1024 1024 1024 ext4                             \
                  $lvmok{ } in_vg{ vg00 }                  \
                  lv_name{ appl }                          \
                  method{ format } format{ }              \
                  use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 }    \
                  label{ appl }                            \
                  mountpoint{ /appl }                      \
          . \
          1 1 -1 ext4                             \
                  $lvmok{ } in_vg{ vg00 }                  \
                  lv_name{ hack }                          \
                  method{ lvm }              \
          .

d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select Finish
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman/confirm boolean true

The resulting partitioning is the following:

root@xxxxxxxx:~ # lsblk
NAME                MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                   8:0    1 279.4G  0 disk
├─sda1                8:1    1   976M  0 part /boot
├─sda2                8:2    1 127.2G  0 part
│ ├─vg00-root       252:0    0  13.4G  0 lvm  /
│ ├─vg00-swap       252:1    0  15.3G  0 lvm
│ ├─vg00-home       252:2    0   976M  0 lvm  /home
│ ├─vg00-var        252:3    0   1.9G  0 lvm  /var
│ ├─vg00-log        252:4    0   5.7G  0 lvm  /var/log
│ ├─vg00-audit      252:5    0   1.9G  0 lvm  /var/log/audit
│ ├─vg00-openview   252:6    0   976M  0 lvm  /var/opt/OV
│ └─vg00-appl       252:7    0   976M  0 lvm  /appl
└─sda3                8:3    1 151.2G  0 part

root@xxxxxxxx:~ # pvs
  PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda2  vg00 lvm2 a--  127.21g 86.21g
  /dev/sda3  vg02 lvm2 a--  151.20g 71.20g

The LV hack is deleted in the installation postscript.


You have manipulate with theme css files.

Search for the "bullet" thing in css files and change them and see the result.
Try to change @theme_selected_fg_color to white or any other color and see the difference.

Files that has to be changed are:

Flatstudio/gtk-3.0/menu.css
Flatstudio/gtk-3.0/menu_frame.css

Inside menu.css :

Change This:

 .menuitem:hover,
.menu .menuitem:hover {
    /* contextual menu item-selected */
    background-image: -gtk-gradient (linear, left top, left bottom,
                                     from (shade (@theme_selected_bg_color, 1.0)),
                                     to   (shade (@theme_selected_bg_color, 1.0)));
    color: @theme_selected_fg_color;
    text-shadow: 0px 1px @theme_selected_shadow_color;
    -unico-bullet-color: @theme_selected_fg_color;
}

to this

.menuitem:hover,
.menu .menuitem:hover {
    /* contextual menu item-selected */
    background-image: -gtk-gradient (linear, left top, left bottom,
                                     from (shade (@theme_selected_bg_color, 1.0)),
                                     to   (shade (@theme_selected_bg_color, 1.0)));
    color: #ffffff;
    text-shadow: 0px 1px @theme_selected_shadow_color;
    -unico-bullet-color: #ffffff;
}

and change this:

.menuitem.check:active:hover,
.menuitem.radio:active:hover {
    border-width: 0px;
    border-style: none;
    background-image: none;
    background-color: @theme_selected_bg_color;
    color: @theme_selected_fg_color;
    -unico-bullet-color: @theme_selected_fg_color;
}

to this

  .menuitem.check:active:hover,
    .menuitem.radio:active:hover {
        border-width: 0px;
        border-style: none;
        background-image: none;
        background-color: @theme_selected_bg_color;
        color: #ffffff;
        -unico-bullet-color: #ffffff;
    }

Now go to the other file, menu_frame.css:

Change this:

.menuitem:hover,
.menu .menuitem:hover {
    /* contextual menu item-selected */
    background-image: -gtk-gradient (linear, left top, left bottom,
                                     from (shade (@theme_selected_bg_color, 1.0)),
                                     to   (shade (@theme_selected_bg_color, 1.0)));

    color: @theme_selected_fg_color;
    text-shadow: 0px 1px @theme_selected_shadow_color;
    -unico-bullet-color: @theme_selected_fg_color;
}

to this

.menuitem:hover,
.menu .menuitem:hover {
    /* contextual menu item-selected */
    background-image: -gtk-gradient (linear, left top, left bottom,
                                     from (shade (@theme_selected_bg_color, 1.0)),
                                     to   (shade (@theme_selected_bg_color, 1.0)));

    color: #ffffff;
    text-shadow: 0px 1px @theme_selected_shadow_color;
    -unico-bullet-color: #ffffff;
}

And Change this:

.toolbar .menuitem:hover,
Genericmenuitem .menuitem:hover,
DbusmenuGtkMenu .menuitem:hover,
.primary-toolbar .menuitem:hover,
.menubar.menuitem:hover,
.menubar .menuitem:hover {
    /* dark menu item-selected */
    background-image: -gtk-gradient (linear, left top, left bottom,
                                     from (shade (@theme_selected_bg_color, 1.0)),
                                     to   (shade (@theme_selected_bg_color, 1.0)));

    color:@theme_selected_fg_color;
    text-shadow: 0px 1px @theme_selected_shadow_color;
    -unico-bullet-color: @theme_selected_fg_color;

    border-image: none;
}

to this

.toolbar .menuitem:hover,
Genericmenuitem .menuitem:hover,
DbusmenuGtkMenu .menuitem:hover,
.primary-toolbar .menuitem:hover,
.menubar.menuitem:hover,
.menubar .menuitem:hover {
    /* dark menu item-selected */
    background-image: -gtk-gradient (linear, left top, left bottom,
                                     from (shade (@theme_selected_bg_color, 1.0)),
                                     to   (shade (@theme_selected_bg_color, 1.0)));

    color:#ffffff;
    text-shadow: 0px 1px @theme_selected_shadow_color;
    -unico-bullet-color: #ffffff;

    border-image: none;
}

At last change this:

.menuitem.check:active,
.menuitem.radio:active {
    border-width: 0px;
    border-style: none;
    background-image: none;
    background-color: @menu_bg_color;
    /* contextual menu check */
    color: @theme_selected_fg_color;
    -unico-bullet-color: @theme_selected_fg_color;
}

to this:

.menuitem.check:active,
.menuitem.radio:active {
    border-width: 0px;
    border-style: none;
    background-image: none;
    background-color: @menu_bg_color;
    /* contextual menu check */
    color: #ffffff;
    -unico-bullet-color: #ffffff;
}

I tested it and these are the results:

Before

After


The Exploit is in OpenSSL - www.heartbleed.com has a lot of the correct information out there.

OpenSSL 1.0.1 through 1.0.1f (inclusive) are vulnerable
OpenSSL 1.0.1g is NOT vulnerable
OpenSSL 1.0.0 branch is NOT vulnerable
OpenSSL 0.9.8 branch is NOT vulnerable

So it all depends on your current version


You just need to update grub so it will show windows 10 in its boot menu
open up a terminal by pressing ctrl + alt + t

Type in

  sudo update-grub

I Haven't done a dual boot with Windows 10 yet but thats how its done with all other Operating systems i know about.


What's a simple "colour picker" app for GNOME?

gpick
That's strange that you couldn't install gpick, as I get the following :
apt-cache search gpick
gpick - advanced GTK+ color picker

I suppose it could be in a source that you currently don't have enabled..
To pick a colour, launch Gpick, lcick on the swatch, and then press space when your mouse hovers over the colour you want to record.

gcolor2
That being said for simple colour picking I prefer gcolor2 - Nice and simple to use and should do exactly what you require.
You can install it with following command:
sudo apt-get install gcolor2


XChat

XChat is a graphical IRC Client with a
GTK+ GUI. It has a look and feel
similar to AmIRC for the Amiga.
Special features include the mIRC
extension DCC RESUME and mIRC color,
multiple server/channel windows,
dialog windows, and a plugin API.

It does pretty much everything you could want an IRC client to do.


Failed to open and save monitior configuration

With a few hours Google-Research i tried to fix the Problem by myself. I reset the complete System to the default setting. At the blank system there seems to be no monitors.xml config file.
After this i found a good tutorial how to create a monitors.xml file: http://www.sudo-juice.com/dual-monitor-settings-in-ubuntu/

First i created an empty xml file. After rebooting everything was still working, so I started to add configuration step by step with rebooting after each new setting.

Meanwhile all settings are stored in the xml file and system is working.


Enter this command:

sudo update-rc.d mysql defaults


Creating a USB Startup Disk from Windows 10 with NTFS Data Partition

If you use Startup Disk Creator or balenaEtcher to create a startup disk using Ubuntu 19.04 or older, you end up with a ISO9660 read only partition spanning your disk.

For 19.10 and newer, you can add a NTFS data partition to a SDC or Etcher install from within Ubuntu using these instructions: Add NTFS Data Partition to Startup Disk Creator USB Install.
A mkusb install is likely a better choice.

If you use UNetbootin or Rufus in Windows to create your startup disk, you end up with a drive that is FAT32 and is writable from Linux, Windows and Mac. Suggest making a folder named data on the drive.

This partition is readable but not writable when booted from the startup disk. Check the folder cdrom for your data.

UNetbootin can install to a partition on a multi partition disk. The USB disk can be split into multiple partitions using something like  AOMEI Partition Assistant (free version) in Windows 10 or using GParted in Ubuntu. If formatted FAT32, this partition is writable from Linux, Windows, Mac and the running startup disk.


Use have two efi partitions. UEFI really only works with one. But you seem to have some efi boot files in the second one? Is that a backup?

Either way you need to remove boot flag from sda6. Use gparted from live installer to change flags.

Also backup entire efi partition so you have current files.

Boot-Repair has run its rename function, so booting Windows actually is booting grub and from grub you boot this entry.

"Windows UEFI bkpbootmgfw.efi"

If you can boot the Ubuntu entry directly from UEFI. Then you do not need the rename function.

To undo & to rename files to their original names, you just need to tick the "Restore EFI backups" option of Boot-Repair.

But if your UEFI only boots Windows you have to have the rename.


I faced the exact same issue.
I solved this by selecting another icon theme in the appearance.
I chose to use an icon these called "Humanity" which looks somewhat like Ubuntu Unity icons and these had an changing icon for vpn-connections.


Will Mir properly run with Intel video cards?

Mir will work fine on Intel video cards.

Intel dropped upstream support for Mir, but since the Intel graphics drivers are open source, Ubuntu developers can add patches to re-enable Mir support in Ubuntu's version of the drivers. The move means more work for Ubuntu developers (who need to maintain these patches), but no change for the end users.


How can I see connection information like KDE does?

The System Monitor shows network history and speeds, under the Resources tab:


We see this in your pastebin:

[ 1267.326870] ERROR @wl_notify_scan_status :
[ 1267.326872] wlp1s0 Scan_results error (-22)
[ 3000.423902] ERROR @wl_dev_intvar_get :

A Google search shows that it's a common error with no solid, sure fix suggested. Therefore, I suggest that we try some things to see if we can overcome it.

If your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. In your case, your router is at channel 4 where there is considerable overlap; I suggest channel 11.

Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit.

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Next, I'd set IPv6 to Ignore in Network Manager: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/18/html/Installation_Guide/images/netconfig/network-connections-ipv6-ignore.png  This example is for ethernet, but you want wireless.

Finally, let's turn off power saving in Network Manager:

sudo sed -i 's/3/2/' /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/*

Reboot the computer and let us hear your report.


Installing Cuda7.0 after removing cuda 7.5

I think the command you are looking for is

sudo dpkg -r cuda-repo-ubuntu1404_7.0-28_amd64.deb

It is the remove command.  The -r

If you want to learn more just do

man dpkg

You can also look at this stuff graphically with synaptic.

sudo apt-get install synaptic


Installed Ubuntu 15.10, need help fixing pam_kwallet errors preventing me from logging in

The problem was due to installing Nvidia 3.52/3.55/3.58 drivers from the ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa.  It seems they can install the drivers, but it messes with something with Xorg, causing it to have the errors described above.  When I remove any of those driver packages, the problem goes away.


Different behaviors for different user levels

As per my comment indicating your problem, you have been running applications under sudo which is giving ownership of files in your personal space to root.

You added an answer, which may have been your attempt to respond to the my comment.  Your question suggested that you have a number of applications that you are having problems with.  You can cure all the problems with two command lines.

You can verify and see which files are not owned by you with this command line:

$ find ~/ -mount ! -user $(whoami)

You can take ownership of the files in your space with:

$ sudo chown -R $(whoami):$(whoami) ~/

Those two command lines will fix all the permissions you have for all your applications.


This should work because Linux will format your entire hard disk.

If you don't mind losing your personal data from Windows, you can switch OS.

You can also use the Live CD to run a temporary Linux system and maybe save your data.

Edit: By the way, this applies for Windows operating system errors, not for problems with your hardware.


Dell Inspiron 9400 SD card reader not working

I paste here the answer I found on UbuntuForums that worked perfectly for me. I hope this works for you as well (my lspci didn't output any sd host controller at the beginning)

In terminal type:

gksu gedit /etc/modules

Enter this under the last line:

sm_ftl

Restart your computer


Ubuntu 14.04 randomly freezes after long periods and fails to reboot automatically (crontab)

This is not a complete answer. Since you have a home-built system, I read through the dmesg dump with Paranoia set to High, and Confusion filter set to Low (Very paranoid, Easily confused in the virtual me), and found several items of interest:

This could be problematic, You should investigate.

623 Sep 30 07:43:26 ubuntu-server kernel: [    0.907105] hpet: number irqs doesn't agree with number of timers

Consider installing thermald.

672 Sep 30 07:43:26 ubuntu-server kernel: [    0.998865] Consider also installing thermald for improved thermal control.

This is the one I really suspect. Which processes are you running in "Real Time"? If a Real Time process loses it mind, it can consume ALL CPU, and look like your reported problem. (so would a sudden H/W spaz). Could you run for a while without rtkit?

1086 Sep 30 07:43:41 ubuntu-server rtkit-daemon[2012]: Successfully called chroot.
1087 Sep 30 07:43:41 ubuntu-server rtkit-daemon[2012]: Successfully dropped privileges.
1088 Sep 30 07:43:41 ubuntu-server rtkit-daemon[2012]: Successfully limited resources.
1089 Sep 30 07:43:41 ubuntu-server rtkit-daemon[2012]: Running.
1090 Sep 30 07:43:41 ubuntu-server rtkit-daemon[2012]: Watchdog thread running.
1091 Sep 30 07:43:41 ubuntu-server rtkit-daemon[2012]: Canary thread running.

1093 Sep 30 07:43:41 ubuntu-server rtkit-daemon[2012]: Successfully made thread 2010 of process 2010 (n/a) owned by '1000' high priority at nice level -11.
1094 Sep 30 07:43:41 ubuntu-server rtkit-daemon[2012]: Supervising 1 threads of 1 processes of 1 users.

1097 Sep 30 07:43:42 ubuntu-server rtkit-daemon[2012]: Successfully made thread 2083 of process 2010 (n/a) owned by '1000' RT at priority 5.
1098 Sep 30 07:43:42 ubuntu-server rtkit-daemon[2012]: Supervising 2 threads of 1 processes of 1 users.
1099 Sep 30 07:43:42 ubuntu-server rtkit-daemon[2012]: Successfully made thread 2084 of process 2010 (n/a) owned by '1000' RT at priority 5.
1100 Sep 30 07:43:42 ubuntu-server rtkit-daemon[2012]: Supervising 3 threads of 1 processes of 1 users.

Problem in the logging system? Fix this on general principles.

3293 Oct  1 08:02:11 ubuntu-server rsyslogd-2039: Could no open output pipe '/dev/xconsole': No such file or directory [try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2039 ]

And this is a normal shutdown:

3935 Oct  1 08:10:42 ubuntu-server rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="7.4.4" x-pid="967" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] exiting on signal 15.

To get closer to seeing the last pre-crash log entry, start this in a shell (so it will NOT automatically restart):

# set nap to sleep time (GNU sleep takes floating point values)
nap=2.5
# forever, or until the world ends
while [[ : ]] ; do
    dmesg -T >logfile
    sleep $nap
done

After the crash, check the modification date and contents of logfile. Increase the value of $nap to decrease load on the system by this, decrease the value to store dmesg closer to the time of the crash (at the cost of more load). But this is temporary debugging, so you don't care much about load. Be a ware that between the dmesg -T >logfile and the data being preserved on disk, there's overhead, buffering, etc. If the system crashes before the data gets all the way to disk it will be lost, but debugging hardware and/or Real Time is hard.


I guess you want either:

sudo apt-get install libusb-0.1-4

or

sudo apt-get install libusb-1.0-0

depending on which version you prefer.


I think the problem is the format of the drive. I was trying to save files using darktable and Shotwell to a NTFS drive, which can be read from, but not written to in these programs. They worked fine with an external formatted to exFAT, so I am moving things around and reformatting the internal drive.


C stands for the C programming language.  It is a synonym for the POSIX locale.

See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap07.html#tag_07_02

  The POSIX locale can be specified by assigning to the appropriate environment variables the values "C" or "POSIX".


Removing a file when `rm` says it doesn't exist, but it does

By far the easiest way to handle filenames like this in the terminal is to make use of the shell's tab completion feature: type enough of the name to be unambiguous e.g.

rmdir /mnt/media/Music/Twin\ Shad

and then hit TAB

The second easiest way - at least if the name doesn't itself contain quotes - is to quote the whole thing e.g.

rmdir '/mnt/media/Twin Shadow - Eclipse (2015) [FLAC]?'

(double quotes should also work in this context).

If you really need to use backslash escapes, then both parentheses and square brackets are shell metacharacters and must also be escaped i.e.

rmdir /mnt/media/Music/Twin\ Shadow\ -\ Eclipse\ \(2015\)\ \[FLAC\]\?/

(the - doesn't need to be escaped - although it doesn't hurt to do so).


How to downgrade Oracle Java 7 to Java 6?

You can uninstall  it with ppa-purge:

1) Install ppa-purge: sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

2) Purge your java ppa: sudo ppa-purge ppa:webupd8team/java

3) Then you can download Java-6 from Oracle,

4) Open a terminal and make the downloaded file executable: chmod +x ~/path/to/downloaded/file

5) Run the installer: ~/path/to/downloaded/file

If you are feeling lazy, and agree with Oracle License, just paste this at terminal:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge && sudo ppa-purge ppa:webupd8team/java ; cd ~/ ; p=$(uname -p) &&  if [ "$p" = "x86_64" ] ; then wget -c http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/6u32-b05/jre-6u32-linux-x64.bin ; else wget -c http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/6u32-b05/jre-6u32-linux-i586.bin ; fi ; chmod +x ~/jre-6u32-linux* ; sudo ~/jre-6u32-linux*


From my experience it is precisely the 'simple youtube clip' that puts graphic card to biggest stress as far as Flash is concerned (you have to look in something like psensor, to have a loud fan or a crashing computer in order to realize how heavy this stuff really is on the GPU).

The most recommended alternatives to Adobe Flash (like Gnash) are not yet up to the task, a fact that anybody will notice after trying those.

But for seeing youtube videos without spiking GPU temperature up to the ceiling one can use smplayer (F11 or edit main toolbar and add the specific button). Thus I was able to avoid the habitual 'flash experience' of putting my GPU to 100 degrees Celsius.

To download youtube videos and see them in external player one can use FlashGot  or DownloadHelper add-ons in Firefox.

My related asqubuntu question here.

And a more recent and detailed question+answer whith more solutions to see flash in external players - here.


Disabling shutdown command for all users, even root - consequences?

A much better approach to this problem is to install the molly-guard program on the boxes you don't want to shutdown, rather than trying to train yourself to never run shutdown.

  molly-guard attempts to prevent you from accidentally shutting down or rebooting machines. It does this by injecting a couple of checks before the existing commands: halt, reboot, shutdown, and poweroff.

The typical configuration is that it asks you to type the hostname of the machine to confirm you are really on the right one.

It is possible to add new scripts to /etc/molly-guard/run.d (as documented on the manpage, script files must follow naming expected by run-parts.

If you really want to disable shutdown (and this is such a bizarre idea), just do

chmod 0 /sbin/shutdown

then if you need to use it, chmod it back to 0755.


I'm trying to play a game through playonlinux get an error

Playing Windows games on Ubuntu (or any Linux distribution) is not likely to work. Wine is a very poor Windows emulator and, as you've found out, is buggy as heck.

Your best bet for your Windows games that don't have a Linux port is a Windows machine. The best and simplest way to do that if you want to keep Ubuntu for other things is a dual-boot system, where you would either:

split your hard drive into 2 partitions, 1 for Ubuntu and 1 for Windows
or get a 2nd hard drive, keep one for Ubuntu use the other for Windows (my preferred option)

Ubuntu comes with a boot manager called GRUB that will pop-up a menu every time you boot to allow you to choose which OS you want to boot (Ubuntu or Windows).


Unable to get Linksys WUSB6100M wireless adapter to work

Yours is a very new device. A Google search for the usb.id of 13b1:0042 only finds one page of interest; this one.

I then downloaded the Windows 7 driver from Linksys. Here is a snip from the .inf driver file:

[Linksys.NTX86.6.1]
; DisplayName               Section                 DeviceID
; -----------               -------                 --------
%Linksys.DeviceDesc%   = Linksys_robin_fcc.ndi, USB\VID_13B1&PID_0042&REV_9010 ; Linksys WUSB6100M Robin US
%Linksys.DeviceDesc%   = Linksys_robin_ic.ndi,  USB\VID_13B1&PID_0042&REV_9110 ; Linksys WUSB6100M Robin CA
%Linksys.DeviceDesc%   = Linksys_robin_ce.ndi,  USB\VID_13B1&PID_0042&REV_9210 ; Linksys WUSB6100M Robin EU
%Linksys.DeviceDesc%   = Linksys_robin_as.ndi,  USB\VID_13B1&PID_0042&REV_9310 ; Linksys WUSB6100M Robin AS

As you can see, the usb.id matches.

I also looked at the other files in the driver package. There are several references to qca9377_7_1p1. A Google search for this device finds nothing. A Google search for QCA9377 finds many references to the corresponding PCI device and the ath10k_pci driver.

In short, there is currently no native Linux driver for your device.

There is a mechanism to use Windows drivers called ndiswrapper. It depends on Windows XP drivers files; typically the .inf and .sys files. Here is a snip from the ndiswrapper manual page:

  ndiswrapper is two parts: user space tool that is used to install
  Windows  XP drivers and kernel module to load the Windows XP drivers. Both are called ndiswrapper.

Unfortunately, Linksys does not provide XP files; only Windows 7-10.

I am sorry to report that there is no way I know of to get your device working. If there is an option to return it for a supported device, I suggest you do so.


how to pass array into function and updates to array are reflected outsite function

Several problems, in logical order of fixing:

Style (pet peeve)
With your ${...} statement in update_array(), the ${..} syntax to use a variable, not define it.

Example:

foo[0]=abc  # assigns 'abc' to foo[0]

Working around that the array name is stored in a variable.

Not working:

$1[0]=abc

Working:

declare -g "$1[0]=abc"  # -g arg is for a global variable

Passing an argument to update_array() should pass the variable name (foo in this case), not the contents of the array. foo[@] is nothing special, it is a completely normal string (in Bash).
Variable expansion with ${foo[@]} should be double-quoted.

Working version of the code is below:

update_array() {
    declare -g "$1[0]=abc"
}

foo=(foo bar)

update_array foo

for i in "${foo[@]}"; do
    echo "$i"
done

## Following line added by me for further clarification
declare -p foo

which prints, correctly:

abc
bar
declare -a foo='([0]="abc" [1]="bar")'


Can't boot after installing nvidia drivers

Which drivers did you install and how?

You can take a look at How to change proprietary video driver using the command line?
and Problem with Nvidia driver 331.20 on ubuntu 13.10 (64bit)

try:

sudo /etc/init.d/lightdm stop

sudo modprobe nvidia-331

sudo /etc/init.d/lightdm start


You could install wmctrl:

sudo apt-get install wmctrl

This is what apt-cache show wmctrl has for my system (13.10):

  Description-en: control an EWMH/NetWM compatible X Window Manager
  Wmctrl is a command line tool to interact with an
  EWMH/NetWM compatible X Window Manager (examples include
  Enlightenment, icewm, kwin, metacity, and sawfish).
  .
  Wmctrl provides command line access to almost all the features
  defined in the EWMH specification. For example it can maximize
  windows, make them sticky, set them to be always on top. It can
  switch and resize desktops and perform many other useful
  operations.

Then, man wmctrl tells us that the -l option will:

  List the windows being managed by the window  manager.  One
  line  is  output  for  each window, with the line broken up
  into space separated columns.  The first column always con‐
  tains the window identity as a hexadecimal integer, and the
  second column always contains the desktop number (a  -1  is
  used  to  identify  a  sticky  window). If the -p option is
  specified the next column will contain the PID for the win‐
  dow  as  a  decimal  integer. If the -G option is specified
  then four integer columns will follow: x-offset,  y-offset,
  width  and  height.  The  next  column  always contains the
  client machine name. The remainder of the line contains the
  window title (possibly with multiple spaces in the title).

and that -x will

  Include WM_CLASS in the window list or interpret  as the WM_CLASS name.

Here is what I see when I run wmctrl -lx with six different applications open:

[07:37 AM] ~ $ wmctrl -lx
0x01c00008 -1 tint2.Tint2                           N/A tint2
0x02400096  0 Navigator.Firefox     vasa1-Inspiron-1545 12.04 - Which are the windows that are in the current workspace? - Ask Ubuntu - Mozilla Firefox
0x02600004  0 Thunar.Thunar         vasa1-Inspiron-1545 _MyMkd - File Manager
0x01a00004  0 lxterminal.Lxterminal  vasa1-Inspiron-1545 LXTerminal
0x02200021  0 geany.Geany           vasa1-Inspiron-1545 wmctrl.mkd - /home/vasa1/Dropbox/_MyMkd - Geany
0x02800003  0 leafpad.Leafpad       vasa1-Inspiron-1545 (Untitled)
0x02a00003  0 gcolor2.Gcolor2       vasa1-Inspiron-1545 gcolor2
[07:37 AM] ~ $


If you want to install oracle JDK 8 you should download it from JDK
and choose jdk-{version}-linux-x64.tar.gz.


ubuntu server 20.04 keeps giving [FAILED]failed /cdrom

After this error, it should also tell you to take out the install media and press enter. It will then reboot, then say Invalid Partition Table, press enter on this screen a couple of times, then it should continue with the installation. It will ask for username and password. Then it will give you your command line :)


Is this the actual 16.04 release of Ubuntu GNOME?

According to https://wiki.ubuntu.com/XenialXerus/ReleaseSchedule Canonical will release Xenial today, so there will likely be a Xenial with Unity soon.

As the Ubuntu GNOME images you refer to are released today in accordance with the schedule, one must assume they are the "final release" ones.


I agree that cache handling in Linux is far from optimal. In fact, in many regards Linux still feels more optimized for server/workstation use than desktop use. See this Q&A for a similar problem with CPU/IO-scheduling.

With that said, there are solutions out there that can alleviate the problem. You can manually clear the cache or set up a cronjob, like user197590 pointed out. Another method would be to disable cache generation for specific applications. You can do so with the nocache utility. At the moment it's only available in the 13.10 repos but I was able to install the Saucy package on 12.04 without any problems.

nocache is fairly straightforward to use. You prepend it to any command you want to execute without cache, e.g.:

nocache tar cf backup/2013-07-12-pictures.tar Pictures

It's not a causal solution but it can most definitely cure the symptoms of overzealous caching.


I encountered a similar issue attempting to update my linux-headers and it seemed that the issue was the multitude of not fully implemented updates. After a reboot, it updated without any issue. Considering you have 3 packages labeled as "not fully installed or removed," I'd reccommend rebooting and giving it another go.


How to create a swap partition (no free space left)

2 Schools of thought here.

A) If you have a fairly up-to-date system with more than 8GB RAM - Linux will likely never touch the swap unless you are running intensive rendering applications. So, if you meet that standard, I wouldn't sweat the swap partition. I run two boxes with no swap... no problems.

B) Another school of thought is to define a swap partition because, it is a fallback safety valve which, I admit, is always nice to have.

If you adhere to the "B" school of thought, you can use GParted (sudo apt-get install gparted) and CAREFULLY select a partition to be resized.
Then use your mouse to drag the right side of that partitions graphical image to reduce that partition's size... by 2-4GB (or whatever you feel is appropriate)
This creates "unallocated space" which (after applying the above changes) can be defined as a new partition; (again using GParted) which, can be "formatted as" type:SWAP. Apply those changes. et voila! Swap partition.

Another cchool of thought "C" would be to use the swap FILE method detailed in the answer referenced by @mniess above. I've never used that method. So, I do not have any opinion on it.


One way to find out if packagekitd is active is to see what resources it's using.
Use htop to locate it. If you don't have it:
sudo apt install htop

If it's inactive, zero cpu and memory consumption, and this goes on for too long, kill it and try again, one command at a time (for a better idea of what's happening):
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt install -f

I would do that in your place, risking to break packages.
Hope I have helped :)


Ubuntu 14.04 lockscreen turns off music + plays the 'lock-sound'

Disable the light locker in Settings->Light Locker Settings


Quoted from http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/urlmapping.html

Files Outside the DocumentRoot
There are frequently circumstances where it is necessary to allow web
access to parts of the filesystem that are not strictly underneath the
DocumentRoot. Apache offers several different ways to accomplish this.
On Unix systems, symbolic links can bring other parts of the
filesystem under the DocumentRoot. For security reasons, Apache will
follow symbolic links only if the Options setting for the relevant
directory includes FollowSymLinks or SymLinksIfOwnerMatch.
Alternatively, the Alias directive will map any part of the filesystem
into the web space. For example, with
Alias /docs /var/web the URL http://www.example.com/docs/dir/file.html
will be served from /var/web/dir/file.html.....

What does this mean?
sudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

It will open:
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

    DocumentRoot /var/www
    <Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
    </Directory>
    <Directory /var/www/>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride None
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
    </Directory>

Now add the alias and the directory permissions , suppose add /pics and I will use the Pictures directory in my home to server it.
output would be like:
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

    DocumentRoot /var/www
    Alias /docs /home/user/Pictures
    <Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
    </Directory>
    <Directory /var/www/>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride None
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
    </Directory>
    <Directory /home/user/Pictures>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride None
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
    </Directory>

Now restart apache service
sudo service apache2 restart

Now when typing localhost/pics this will serve from /home/user/Pictures instead of /var/www


Bluetooth disabled and not showing up in LSPCI - ASUS G750JM

If you type "Bluetooth" in dash and open the Bluetooth App you will see something like below screen shot, it say

  Bluetooth is disabled

you need to run rfkill unblock 3 and then go to Bluetooth app window and drag ON/OFF button to right side to turn Bluetooth ON and also if you want to have visible your Bluetooth device for other devices you need turn ON Visibility mode.

If you check in terminal with rfkill list 3 you will see the Bluetooth device is now ON

3: asus-bluetooth: Bluetooth
        Soft blocked: no
        Hard blocked: no


I had a similar problem with a Dell XPS 15z which I resolved by adding acpi=noirq to the kernel arguments:
sudo editor /etc/default/grub

set
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="acpi=noirq quiet splash"

then
sudo update-grub

Note that previously I had been using acpi=off, which permitted me to boot, but not shutdown.  Without any acpi flag, I was not able to boot.


try sudo shutdown OR sudo reboot if you want to restart, in a terminal.

if you cannot access terminal for some reason, then press Ctrl+Alt+F1 then login using your user name and password, then use sudo shutdown again.

if you want to return back to your desktop screen press Ctrl+Alt+F7


External monitor is blank if I boot with the monitor plugged in

I see similar behavior working through a KVM (TK-409) from my Lenovo T420 laptop.

The KVM mouse and keyboard switch fine and the extended monitor switch on only for a few seconds and then goes blank. Display settings page then says I do not have extended monitor.

The external screen switches on for a few seconds every time I switch the KVM to my laptop and it shows my extended desktop and my mouse can go there, but a few seconds later it reconfigures itself automatically as if it then checked and somehow decided the screen is no longer present - this behavior is similar to what happens when I unplug a screen without using KVM.

Syslog shows mtp-probe: bus 1, device N was not an MTP device but I am not sure if that is related or not.


Failed 14.04.5 to 16.04 upgrade - left with 159 pkgs to autoremove, 269 held back. What to do?

With advice from @elder-geek: I reinspected the list of packages to be autoremoved, and used

sudo apt-get --dry-run autoremove

as a final check, to make sure I wasn't about to autoremove the world.

I ended up doing:

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get autoremove

Checking statuses, logs, the happiness of the packaging system, any anything else I could think of between each pair of steps.

That system hasn't fallen over or misbehaved yet, and is lightly (due to my testing laziness) useable, so I'll declare this upgrade a success.


Grub menu no showing after upgrading ubuntu

Well, have you tried holding shift down while booting? It should display the Grub menu if Grub is installed.

I suppose it's also possible Grub got somehow removed but I don't think that should happen in Ubuntu upgrades.

Unfortunately I'm not a Grub expert, so if the above doesn't help, I can only point you to this Community Wiki page:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2


External hard drive installation question

No, you do not need to create partitions in that case. However you could create some. It is often done in this way:

One partition for "/"
One for swap
One for your personal data (home)


How to delete a file with the name of an apostrophe (')?

It should be sufficient to double-quote it:

$ touch "'"
$ ls -l "'"
-rw-rw-r-- 1 steeldriver steeldriver 0 May 20 09:27 '
$ rm -i "'"
rm: remove regular empty file ''\'''? y

You could also use a backslash escape rm \'


Ubuntu 12.04 LTS on VirtualBox 4.1.18 reverts to last snapshot

It was my fault - there is an option when closing the VM which gives you the possibility to revert back to the last stable snapshot - and I had it enabled, for some weird reason.


Shadow PC client unable to connect to Shadow PC on Ubuntu. Error code R-0x7F

Honsiedog from Shadow Support shared these libs for me to install, after install, works great!
sudo apt install gconf2 libgles2-mesa libubsan0 libuv1 libva-glx2


Reinstall the GRUB boot loader to your Ubuntu installation  in EFI mode.

Boot from the Ubuntu installation media - open a terminal and execute:

    sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
    sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
    for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
    sudo chroot /mnt
    grub-install /dev/sda
    update-grub

sda = disk | sda1 = efi partition | sda2 = system partition | (taken from your pastebin output)

To re-check the partition numbers use GParted - it is included in the Ubuntu installation media.

Boot into BIOS of the PC - select Ubuntu in UEFI settings to be the default system to boot.

Note : What is this sdb1 partition ? All boot loaders have to be installed to the same partition !


In your pastebin under loaded modules, we see:

sparse_keymap          16384  4 intel_hid,acer_wmi,intel_vbtn,hp_wmi
wmi                    16384  2 acer_wmi,hp_wmi
video                  40960  2 acer_wmi,i915

Your laptop is not both an Acer and an HP. Let's unload the acer_wmi module and see if it helps. From the terminal:

sudo -i
echo "blacklist acer-wmi"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
modprobe -r acer-wmi
exit

Any improvement? It may take a reboot.


UPDATE

  php5 is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0
  to remove and 201 not upgraded.

This proves that you alrady have php5 in your system.

Simply in your command you are not reinstalling you are installing/updating:

sudo apt-get install php5

The correct syntax is to add the --reinstall just like:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall php5


does ubuntu-sdk all programming language supports all mobile devices?

Yes, we support most of the PhoneGap (Cordova) APIs, see http://developer.ubuntu.com/apps/html-5/guides/cordova-guide/ for more information on that.

You can also use QML/Javascript on any Ubuntu device (phone, tablet or desktop).


Reboot or cold start the computer.

Immediately after the BIOS/UEFI splash screen during boot, with BIOS, quickly press and hold the Shift key, which will bring up the GNU GRUB menu. (If you see the Ubuntu logo, you've missed the point where you can enter the GRUB menu.) With UEFI press (perhaps several times) the Esc key to get to the GRUB menu. Sometimes the manufacturer's splash screen is a part of the Windows bootloader, so when you power up the machine it goes straight to the GRUB screen, and then pressing Shift is unnecessary.

From the purple GRUB screen select Advanced options for Ubuntu with the ↑ and ↓ keys and press Enter.

A new purple screen will appear showing a list of kernels. Select an older kernel version instead of the latest kernel version and press Enter.

Ubuntu will load the selected kernel and proceed to the login screen as usual.

After rebooting

Find the latest installed kernel version in the results of the following command:
dpkg -l | grep "linux-[a-z]*-"

Uninstall the latest kernel.
sudo apt purge <latest-kernel-version-number>

Replace <latest-kernel-version-number> in the above command with the latest kernel version number.

Update grub.
sudo update-grub

Reboot.
sudo reboot

Don't let Ubuntu update the kernel to the kernel version that caused the GRUB menu boot problem again, or else you'll get the same problem that you got before. Instead wait for the next kernel update and update to that kernel version.


Standard user is able to use other logged in user credentials to access Samba shares Ubuntu 14.04

With the additional information you posted, it is a misconfiguration server side.

The behavior you are seeing is because the server is configured to allow fairly unrestricted access.

Under [Shares] you have

guest ok = yes

from http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/how-do-i-set-permissions-to-samba-shares.html

guest ok: If this parameter is set to yes, the users will have access to the share without
having to enter a password. This can pose security risk.

Depending on how you wish to configure your share you have a number of options to be more restrictive.

I suggest

guest ok = no

You may also want

browseable = no

Sort of depends on exactly what access you wish for which shares.

See

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Samba/SambaServerGuide

http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/how-do-i-set-permissions-to-samba-shares.html

http://beginlinux.com/blog/2010/01/samba-tutorial-create-private-user-shares/

and How can I set up Samba shares to only be accessed by certain users?


ubuntu 13.04 installation alongside win 7

As per your partition table shows 5 partitions using windows disk management. But MBR will allow maximum 4 partitions. I think after you shrink, you formated the unallocated space as partition J in NTFS system. You must unallocate the partition again using windows disk management.

Delete partition J:
If possible merge partition D: and E:
Now start the computer with ubuntu installer and select "Install ubuntu alongside Windows7", ubuntu will use the unallocated space of 44.33GB


fan noise of dell inspirion after ubuntu 12.10 is installed alongside windows 7

Try the below command,

sudo touch /etc/fancontrol

Normal user can't be able to create a file inside /etc directory because it was owned by root.To create a file inside that, you need superuser do privilege or you must logged in as a root user.


Improve System Performance By Stopping Daemons/Services

Use chkconfig You can see what services are running and disable desired services from being started at boot time, and of course manage the state of a service while your OS is running:

    # sudo apt-get install chkconfig
    # sudo chkconfig -s <service> <state/runlevels>

And of course :)

    # man chkconfig

regards,
milo


How do I hide "GNOME Desktop" text that appears on Ubuntu 18.04 Top Panel?

The "GNOME Desktop" text is due to a GNOME shell extension named "Unite". The text appears when you don't have any open windows on your desktop just like the "Ubuntu Desktop" text on Unity (the Unite extension is supposed to mimic Unity).

Disabling the Unite extension gets rid of the text.

Source: Comment by OP (which should have been posted as an answer instead)


SAMBA will not mount a share or browse a mounted device on 11.10

Samba does not mount anything. That is the job of the OS. Once a filesystem is mounted, samba can expose any part of that filesystem as a share to your network using the SMB (CIFS) protocol.

I think what you need to do is mount your windows partition, then edit your smb.conf to share out whatever part of the folder tree you need.

To get the list of partitions on your local disk, use the fdisk command:

ubuntu@sid:/etc$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for ubuntu:

Disk /dev/sda: 10.2 GB, 10202050560 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1240 cylinders, total 19925880 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000d0afb

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      499711      248832   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          501758    19924991     9711617    5  Extended
/dev/sda5          501760    19924991     9711616   8e  Linux LVM

Now you can see what filesystems are on which devices. You'll be looking for something that says FAT32 or NTFS in the right hand column. Now you just need to mount that particular device on a mountpoint in your filesystem. This requires that you create a folder that you want mount the filesystem into.

mount -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222 /dev/sda3 /mnt/winlocal

The command above is just an example... You'll need to modify for you environment.

Once this is working, you can create an entry in your fstab file to do this at boot.


sudo hangs after upgrade from 18.04 to 20.04

I have figured out what is causing sudo to get stuck this morning.

I noticed in the strace output a few lines before the first POLLIN there is a call to open and read /etc/sssd/sssd.conf.

14:53:52 openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/sssd/sssd.conf", O_RDONLY) = 4
14:53:52 fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0600, st_size=696, ...}) = 0
14:53:52 read(4, "[sssd]\nservices = nss, pam\nconfi"..., 4096) = 696
14:53:52 read(4, "", 4096)              = 0
14:53:52 close(4)                       = 0
14:53:52 getpid()                       = 48863
14:53:52 fstat(-1, 0x7ffcd69d5850)      = -1 EBADF (Bad file descriptor)

I couldn't remember what SSSD was so I started digging and I saw that the SSSD service was in a bad state. I have not figured out exactly what is going on but it seems that the config.ldb file is corrupt or there is a bug reading from it (I found some info here)

This would also explain why my login hangs for > 3 minutes since it is probably trying to use SSSD as well.

Since I am not really using SSSD right now the solution was to simply uninstall it.

I hope this can help somebody else. I am still confused as to why a failure in SSSD would cause sudo to hang, I would assume it should be able to carry on and ignore the result of that service but maybe there is some requirement or interaction I don't understand.


How To Configure Apache HTTP to PHP-FPM on Ubuntu 20.10

Setting up PHP-FPM with Apache is much more complicated than simply installing FPM and enabling a few things.  It requires additiona modules (FastCGI) to be installed among other things enabled and disabled.
Funnily enough, the Digital Ocean guide for using MPM Event and PHP-FPM via FastCGI on Apache with Ubuntu 18.04 is still a relatively good jump-off point for configurations of this setup, we just have to tweak some things and adjust bits for some changes between 18.04 and 20.04.  The below instructions are based off the DO guide but with the requisite tweaks to make FPM work in 20.04, adapting PHP versions, etc. and giving you just the commands.
Step 1: Changing the Multi-Processing Module
The php7.4 module in Apache is the inbuilt one - unfortunately it doesn't work for PHP-FPM.  So we need to do some work to make this work.
First, stop Apache while we make tweaks to the configs
sudo systemctl stop apache2

Then, disable the in-built prefork driven PHP 7.4 module
sudo a2dismod php7.2

Disable the prefork module.
sudo a2dismod mpm_prefork

Enable the event mpm module
sudo a2enmod mpm_event

Now we configure the PHP components, which is fairly straightforward...
Step 2: Configure Apache's FastCGI manager with PHP
If you haven't done this already, install PHP FPM
sudo apt install php-fpm

Install the FCGI module for Apache
sudo apt install libapache2-mod-fcgid

Enable requisite libraries and modules
a2enmod proxy_fcgi setenvif

Enable the PHP-FPM module's configuration (which will already be present)
sudo a2enconf php7.4-fpm

Now we need to make sure the syntax passes in your config.
Step 3: Make sure the configuration passes the tests.
Run this command:
sudo apachectl configtest

This command may spit out more information such as this, but as long as "Syntax OK" is the output you're good (run from a test container/environment, ignore the AH00558 error if it shows up and worry only about the 'Syntax OK' output):
AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 10.73.252.124. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Syntax OK

Now that config test has passed...
Step 4: Re-enable Apache service
sudo systemctl restart apache2

You should now get PHP working again, except with the FPM service.  And PHP files should work again.
Nuke your browser cache before testing, though - web browsers are NOTORIOUS for caching error messages.

If you've done everything here, you should see PHP working as expected - this is phpinfo on my test env running 20.04:


You are experiencing launchpad bug 384633, feel free to add yourself to the "does it affect you" list.  In a nutshell, the initial grub.cfg file is set up when the live usb media is present, and counted in the devices, with the target usb device some other device.  At the first boot, without the live usb, the device order is different, and your "no such device" is probably grub trying to boot off an sdc which doesn't exist, when it should be using sdb.  12.10 changed the wrong disk ordering, sticking the target at sda, which at least will be present, but probably is the hard disk instead of the usb.  Anyway, you can edit the initial grub boot (instructions on screen) to fix the wrong device (change the hdx when it occurs to refer to the correct disk (hd0 typically the hard disk, hd1 typically the usb) and on the linux line the /dev/sdx to be sdb.  At the first successful boot, run

sudo update-grub

to insert the UUID's and correct the wrong devices.


The naming scheme lib32bz2 suggest a very old-style way to manage the coexistence of multiple architectures on the same system. Use the package libbz2-1.0:i386 instead.


Is there any time tracker that is aware of Unity workspaces?

Just checked on LaunchPad and it is still a known bug within Hamster.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/hamster-applet/+bug/529687


Unstable WiFi on Ubuntu14.04.4 LTS (dual booted with windows7)

I have read your system wireless information and in both cases your wireless hardware and drivers are working fine. In fact the problem is nothing to do with Ubuntu.

Your problem is congestion on the wireless channel you are using. You are using 2.4GHz channel 11. When you are getting a good connection there is only 1 other Access Point transmitting on that channel. When you are not getting a good connection there are 4 other Access Points contending for that channel.

Choose a better channel. Channels 3 and 7 are not being used at all.


Problem printing in LibreOffice Writer but not in Adobe Acrobat Reader or Evolution

Had similar problem. LibO Writer calc etc wouldn’t print several characters. Seemingly random. Only a problem from LibreOffice. What fixed the problem for me was reverting from pdf to postscript print setting in LibO. File -> Printer Settings -> Properties -> Device -> Printer Language type was set to PDF so I changed it to PostScript. Had to update the normal template to make it stick.

Here is how you change the default template (in french)

Unfortunately, that only helps when creating new docs. You have to manually modify each old doc, which sucks a bit...


Open Terminal and type the following

gksu update-manager

It will ask for the Password .Enter the password and update Manager will appear


Kernel driver not installed (rc=-1908) error in VirtualBox

Lets try these steps:

Install needed build tools:

sudo apt install build-essential

Build the kernel modules for virtualbox:

sudo /sbin/vboxconfig

Relaunch virtualbox.


How can I get something like Nautilus's "spatial" behaviour in 11.10 and later?

Why use an alternative? You can do that with Nautilus in 11.10 and I am sure with 12.04 will be the same.

To activate it use the following command on the terminal

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences always-use-browser false

To revert back to the original use this command

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences always-use-browser true

This is a user defined option.

I understand that this is a limited spacial mode where the windows do not follow the same behavior as they did using Nautilus2, this has, I believe, occurred because of the move to GTK+3 and there is no solution for it. The same behavior happens in Unity2 and GNOME-Shell.


Why is Firefox using archaic Japanese characters instead of modern ones?

Without manually messing with the fontconfig hierarchy, I think this just boils down to having the right subset of Japanese fonts installed.

For me, on a stock Ubuntu 12.04, installing the fonts-vlgothic Japanese package solved the problem. Could you try that?

Before (no extra fonts):

After installing fonts-vlgothic:


Type git citool to start git-gui.
If it gives the error: git: 'citool' is not a git command, just install the following package: git-gui
sudo apt-get install git-gui


Extend simple DHCP address range to include more addresses

You need just one subnet:

option domain-name "foobar.com";
option domain-name-servers 172.19.2.10;
option routers 172.19.2.1;
subnet 172.19.2.0 netmask 255.255.254.0 {
    range 172.19.2.10 172.19.2.250;
    range 172.19.3.10 172.19.3.250;
}

And all devices on the network which use static IPs (especially your DHCP server) must have their netmask changed to 255.255.254.0 in their network configuration.


Loadable kernel modules in Linux are loaded (and unloaded) by the modprobe command. They are located in /lib/modules and have had the extension .ko ("kernel object") since version 2.6 (previous versions used the .o extension). Often when you update your kernel and have compiled your own drivers in previous kernels you must compile them again. If binaries were obtained through pre-compiled such as deb Debian packages which are handled via dpkg through package managers such as apt/aptitude or  if your distribution is another flavor of Linux such as RHEL then BRPM's or RPM Package Manager sometimes known as RedHat Package Manager.

Depending on your distribution an attempt to load either drivers with "modprobe [options] [-i] [-b] modulename" or in your case "modprobe nouveau" | "modprobe nvidia" | "modprobe nv" if they exists and if they are located in the corresponding location for your distribution. Ubuntu is based off of Debian and it may be assumed packages are most likley handled through dpkg managers on your system if its what these forums are designated for.

If your problem still exists, perhaps shed more light on the issue by including these outputs:

/usr/bin/dmesg
/usr/bin/uname -a

If possible please include information on your kernel objects by attempting:

/usr/sbin/modinfo nvidia
/usr/sbin/modinfo bbswitch

Did you compile bumblebee & your NVIDIA driver from source or did you use a pre-compiled package? If they were compiled by you what versions did you use? If you installed the pre-compiled packages please provide the exact versions.


Installing the newest Nvidia driver from software and updates fixed the resolution on re-boot up.
Thank you to whoever tried to help me.


You have installed the GRUB boot loader on the portable HDD, which takes precedence at boot now.

To remedy, boot into your 19.10 system, make sure that your internal HDD is /dev/sda by issuing a fdisk -l and investigating the output. Use fdisk -l | head -n2 to just see the disk information and not the partitions.

After verification that everything is correct, use sudo grub-install /dev/sda to install GRUB on your internal HDD again.

A restart should now boot your internal HDD again with the external HDD removed.

To remove phantom entries like the USB HDD from the GRUB menu, run sudo update-grub when you have booted into your system again without the external HDD. This keeps your GRUB boot menu free of outdated entries.


Keyboard stopped working after apt install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

What worked for me was completely removing xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

Activate the on-screen keyboard (Settings => Universal Access => Screen Keyboard)

Removing xserver-xorg-input-synaptics
sudo apt remove xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

Installing xserver-xorg-input-all
sudo apt update
sudo apt install xserver-xorg-input-all
sudo apt ugrade

Restarting my system
reboot