Libreoffice 6.1 w/ ubuntu 18.04 - menu bar "file" "tools" "edit" etc. has disappeared

The themes were messed in my case.

I installed the package gnome-tweak-tool to get a handle into the "tweaks" application. Further I changed the appearance theme to one that restores sanity.
Further I installed the package gnome-themes-ubuntu.

$ sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool
$ sudo apt-get install gnome-themes-ubuntu
$ tweaks


Need to know about BOOTLOADER & REINSTALLTION

If you want to remove Ubuntu, use any partitioning tool to delete the Linux partitions. You can do this with Partition Magic on Windows, or use the Ubuntu installation disc. Ubuntu uses two partitions by default; a small swap partition and an Ext4 partition for everything else. Make sure you only remove partitions that are marked as type swap  Ext4 or ext3 - any NTFS or FAT partitions are for Windows. This removes the Ubuntu data from your computer but leaves the Grub boot-loader.

You this need to boot from your Windows CD to remove this. Select the rescue option and run fixmbr. This will restore the disk's boot code back to the Windows settings and your computer will now boot straight into Windows when you power up.

Take a look at this site for more info

As far as reinstalling Ubuntu:

Download an Ubuntu LiveCD image (.iso) from Ubuntu Downloads and burn it to a disc.
Insert the LiveCD into your CD-ROM drive and reboot your PC.
Continue with the installation until you see: "How to partition the disk?".
If you have already partitioned the disk and left space for Ubuntu, install it to that and then follow the rest of the steps. Otherwise, choose automatic partition resizing its your best bet.
or

Use the Windows Installer Wubi


Programs opening in full-screen mode by default

Either:

Double-click on the application's titlebar to minimize/maximize the window.
Use the GNOME Tweaks tool, and enable the following, and then click the little square icon in the top-right corner of the application's window.

Update #1:

In terminal...

cd ~/.mozilla/firefox                # change to firefox prefs directory

ls -al *.default                     # the one with the newest date is yours

cd {.default directory found before} # change to your user directory

ls -alt | grep "Oct 25"              # note which files changed today

one of these files is causing your problem...


Remove duplicated from two files and merge the unique ones

If you are willing to use python (therefore if performance is not an issue), what you want can be achieved with the following script:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import sys
import csv
import re

mountpoint1 = "/mnt/app/"
mountpoint2 = "/mnt/temp/"

if (len(sys.argv) != 4):
    print('Usage: {} <input file 1> <input file 2> <output file>'.format(sys.argv[0]))
    exit(1)

inputFileName1 = sys.argv[1]
inputFileName2 = sys.argv[2]
outputFileName = sys.argv[3]

# We place entries from both input files in the same dictionary
# The key will be the filename stripped of the mountpoint
# The value will be the whole line
fileDictionary = dict()

# First we read entries from file2, so that those
# from file2 will later overwrite them when needed
with open(inputFileName2) as inputFile2:
    csvReader = csv.reader(inputFile2)
    for row in csvReader:
        if len(row) == 3:
            # The key will be the filename stripped of the mountpoint
            key = re.sub(mountpoint2, '', row[2])
            # The value will be the whole line
            fileDictionary[key] = ','.join(row)

# Entries from file1 will overwrite those from file2
with open(inputFileName1) as inputFile1:
    csvReader = csv.reader(inputFile1)
    for row in csvReader:
        if len(row) == 3:
            # The key will be the filename stripped of the mountpoint
            key = re.sub(mountpoint1, '', row[2])
            # The value will be the whole line
            fileDictionary[key] = ','.join(row)

# Write all the entries to the output file
with open(outputFileName, 'w') as outputFile:
    for key in fileDictionary:
        outputFile.write(fileDictionary[key])
        outputFile.write('\n')

Simply save the script as merge-checksums.py, give it execution permission

chmod u+x merge-checksums.py

and run it as:

./merge-checksums.py Checksums_1.txt Checksums_2.txt out.txt


Can I modify the keyboard shortcut for workspace switching?

Open the Keyboard utility.

In the Shortcuts tab, select Navigation and scroll to the bottom. Double click on a  row and press your new shortcut keys.


Have you considered just dragging the link? I use both browsers at the same time (each on it's own screen). I find myself mostly using Chrome for gmail etc.. and will get links via email. I just click and drag from Chrome to the Firefox tab bar and the page will open in a new tab. It works in the other direction too (Firefox to Chrome). One needn't limit this to email... basically any link on any page will work via this method.


If you see no "Cinnamon" option after rebooting, that probably means you didn't install a cinnamon session. The simplest fix would probably be to install the full desktop environment:

sudo apt-get install cinnamon-desktop-environment

That will, however, bring in various other packages you might not want. I can't test this at the moment, but it might be enough to just install

sudo apt-get install cinnamon-session

The package names might be slightly different. To see what you have available, run

apt-cache search '^cinnamon'


Can't Access Boot Menu. Wants to Remove Ubuntu and Install Win7

it's a boot password i think, this article may help:

How to Secure Your Computer With a BIOS or UEFI Password


Do I need to partition C: or can I used D:?

Since you have it all on one HDD shrink your D: drive for installing ubuntu.

Be aware that you may want for a proper running system at least 10-15 GB (means i  you want to install alot of tools like me :D the more is the better) and around double size of your ram for a swap partition (don't kill me im just repeating what i have read mostly) but i think you will suffice with less swap if you already have lots of ram in your system because the less likely the system is going to use the swap partition.

just leave the free partition space unallocated, start from your LIVE CD and choose to install alongside Windows.


Increase VDI size of VirtualBox on Ubuntu Host - GPARTED not recognizes the new size

I found the reason of this problem when I updated my VirtualBox from version 5.1 to 5.2. This new version comes with a great tool that enables us to resize a VDI disk in an easy way (this tool is inside the option Global Tools).

After accessing it, I found out that my VDI disk have been resized to 23000 MB, as I wrote in the question, using the command vboxmanage modifyhd VDI_FILE_PATH --resize 20000, as I set it before, but (I don't know why), Virtualbox keeps a VDI with a name in Hexadecimal, as a subdisk of your VDI. This subdisk was only 8GB of total space (because of it, Gparted didn't recognize the resize I made).

At this time, I use the new interface of the updated VirtualBox and set it to 23 GB as the parent disk. Now, I ran the Gparted again in the VM, and now my disk is 23GB.

So if you guys, like me, are facing this issue (not able to properly resize the VDI), check if you VirtualBox is updated to 5.2 (or above) and increase the size of the VDI (and probably the subdisk too) in the Global Tools option

Note: If I go to Settings, the Virtualbox only shows one VDI (the parent), the subdisk is only shown in Global Tools option.


What is the purpose of /usr/share/themes/Raleigh?

This are the files for the "Raleigh" GTK theme, which is the default theme for GTK2. As it just uses the default look of GTK there isn't any real content there.


How do I change Nautilus 3.6 symbolic icons?

Yes they need to have a very specific name and a very specific color else they won't work. You can check them in /usr/share/gnome/scalable. Inside this folder are all the Gnome symbolic icons.


Ubuntu Virtualbox: VM of running how to switch to headless VM

You cannot just take any running VM in VirtualBox and make it go headless.  You can, however, start your VM in Detachable Start that will allow you to detach from the GUI after doing whatever configurations or launching of applications in your VM.

Then choose Machine -> Detach GUI and your VM will basically now be in a headless mode:

Hope this helps!


Trying to use apache2 on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

The default user for apache is www-data, so this is how I did mine:

Add yourself to apache group www-data:

sudo usermod -G www-data -a your_username

Change /var/www/html ownership:

sudo chown -R your_username:www-data /var/www/html

Change the permissions on /var/www/html:

sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www/html

This way both you and apache can work with the server documents in /var/www/html


I disagree with the advice given above.

You can easily install as many desktops as you wish. I personally use gnome, LXDE, openbox, and KDE depending on my mood and they are all insalled without problems.

In addition you can use kde apps in gnome and gnome apps in kde, etc . For example I prefer k3b and use it in all DE as my disk burning software of choice, no problems.

See What kinds of desktop environments and shells are available? for a detailed description of the most popular desktop environments and how to install them.

To install kubuntu

sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop

Installing multiple desktops will take up disk space, perhaps use a little more ram, and there will be a few duplicated applications such as text editors, terminals, etc and your menus will be a little more cluttered but they will not harm your system.

You then choose which desktop to use when you log in.

Removing desktops, however, is difficult and not recommended.

See How to remove KDE Plasma-Desktop?

Results of removing can be mixed and there can be residual KDE apps and/or unwanted gnome apps removed.

Most people try different options and over time tend to use the one they like best and just install the appropriate version of Ubuntu they use.


Errors on trying to update and upgrade Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Luckily it wasn't a question of replacing my HD which is what some suggested. The steps to first remove the sudo apt get update error which brings up

E: Read error - read (5: Input/output error)
W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems
E: The package cache file is corrupted

was found here and consists of running

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/* -vf
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update

Then to remove the error when running sudo apt-get upgrade which shows

dpkg: unrecoverable fatal error, aborting:
 reading files list for package 'libsm6:i386': Input/output error
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)

was to follow the advice here which is to backup the /var/lib/dpkg/status file and edit it to remove the block relating to the libsm6:i386 package. Note there was a block relating to the amd64 version which should not be removed. So

sudo cp /var/lib/dpkg/status{,.backup}
sudo vim /var/lib/dpkg/status

Removing this block

Package: libsm6
Status: install ok installed
Priority: optional
Section: libs
Installed-Size: 66
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Architecture: i386
Multi-Arch: same
Source: libsm
Version: 2:1.2.2-1
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4), libice6 (>= 1:1.0.0), libuuid1 (>= 2.16)
Pre-Depends: multiarch-support
Description: X11 Session Management library
 This package provides the main interface to the X11 Session Management
 library, which allows for applications to both manage sessions, and make use
 of session managers to save and restore their state for later use.
 .
 More information about X.Org can be found at:
 <URL:http://www.X.org>
 .
 This module can be found at
 git://anongit.freedesktop.org/git/xorg/lib/libSM
 Original-Maintainer: Debian X Strike Force <debian-x@lists.debian.org>

Saving and rerunning

sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade


VirtualBox - how to increase video memory?

Virtual Box supports up to 256 MB of video RAM. This can not be set using the slider of the Virtual Box Manager.

To make full use of all supported memory we can issue the following command in a terminal:

VBoxManage modifyvm "Name of VM" --vram 256

Before we change settings such as the video RAM a pre-existing virtual machine has to be shut down.

Note that for 3D video hardware acceleration from the guest addition's video driver the physical RAM of the host graphics card will be passed through. The video RAM settings of the virtual machine will not affect this.


The problem is that systemd is not bash and you're listing files with "*". Your exec command should look something like this:

ExecStart=/bin/bash -c "/usr/bin/x11vnc -auth /var/run/sddm/* -display :0 -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /home/ud/x11vnc.pass -rfbport 5900 -shared"


Auto-hiding Gnome panel should be always on top -- Which gconf key to use?

What you're seeing is a bug. It occurs on my system (11.04) from time to time but I can't properly reproduce it and don't have a reliable fix either. It's not a simple gconf setting. There are various workarounds on the ubuntu forums you can try.


Any way to get sublime text to save settings files without running as sudo

The first time you ran sublime, you probably ran it as root. Thus on that first run your user settings where stored as 'root'. To change those permissions to your own do:

sudo chown -R yourusername:yourusername /home/yourusername/.config/sublime-text-2


WiFi sometimes doesn't reconnect after resuming from suspend on Kubuntu 15.04

adding a systemd hook on 15.10 this seemed to work for me:

/etc/systemd/system/root-resume.service

[Unit]
Description=Local system resume actions
After=suspend.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/bin/systemctl restart network-manager.service

[Install]
WantedBy=suspend.target


Can I run Ubuntu 12.04 concurrently with Windows 7?

Yes it is possible , read this How to install :),

How to Dual boot


How to install last stable version of Ruby with RVM without root privileges?

Assuming the last stable version is always the last file with a filename like ruby-2.5.1.tar.gz on https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/, you can extract the version number with:

curl -s https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/ | sed -nr '1h;1!H;$!d;x;s/.*ruby-([0-9.]+).tar.gz.*/\1/p'

This approach uses curl  to retrieve the file list and GNU sed  to cut out the version number as explained in this SO answer. You could also use grep with lookarounds instead, it even may be slightly faster:

curl -s https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/ | grep -oP '(?<=ruby-)\d\.\d\.\d(?=.tar.gz)' | tail -1

Just add a line setting the RUBY_VERSION variable to your script:

#Get version number of latest stable Ruby version
RUBY_VERSION=$(curl -s https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/ | sed -nr '1h;1!H;$!d;x;s/.*ruby-([0-9.]+).tar.gz.*/\1/p')

#Install Ruby
rvm install $RUBY_VERSION

Example run

$ curl -s https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/ | sed -nr '1h;1!H;$!d;x;s/.*ruby-([0-9.]+).tar.gz.*/\1/p'
2.5.1
$ curl -s https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/ | grep -oP '(?<=ruby-)\d\.\d\.\d(?=.tar.gz)' | tail -1
2.5.1


Hi I have faced the same problem long ago.
May be my personal experience will help you,

  I booted my system into textual mode using CTRL + ALT + F5 and then reinstalled the files related to X-window system like gdm and gnome,

May be you should give it a try, try to see the grub file too if they are broken.
You can also try re-compliling the kernel files available in ubuntu official site


That error means you are not allowed to access /dev/ttyS0 on your computer. Only root and users in the dialout group may access that device.

If you are running chirp as a normal user (I assume you are), the problem is probably quite simply that your user does not belong to the dialout group. Try the following command:

sudo usermod -aG dialout USERNAME

where you replace USERNAME with your own username, of course. Log out and in again, fire up chirp, it should now work.


Current Application Control ?

The "Current Application Control" will show the active window's title on the plasmoid.


https://launchpad.net/~pmcenery/+archive/ppa/?field.series_filter=karmic

This is the list of packages pmcenery offers. You should review them and make sure that these are packages that you need/want. If you don't you're better off removing them from your Software Sources (under Other Software tab) in Ubuntu Software Center.

If you do want these software packages, test out those ppa.launchpad.net links in your browser and sift through the directory till you find the folder that closely matches the folder Terminal is looking for and correct the difference in Software Sources. The problem is likely that the links are just broken and need to be updated.


bash: ./program: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error

You're trying to run an executable compiled for an ARM architecture on an x86-64 architecture, which is much like asking your processor who only speaks English to take directions in Chinese.

If you need to run that executable you have two choices:

Get an x86-64 version of the executable (by any mean; if you're unable to get an x86-64 version of the executable but you're able to get its source code, you can try to recompile it on the virtual machine);
Install Ubuntu Server for ARM in place of Ubuntu 14.04.2 (amd64). This requires either a physical machine running on an ARM architecture or a virtualization software that can emulate it.


This is the default behavior when moving the icon of a running application in the launcher. I guess the assumption is that if you care about where the icon is, you want to keep it there.

As far as I know there is no way to turn this feature off. If I'm correct, the only way to solve the problem is to not move around the icon.


The tilde (~) referring to one's $HOME directory is a bash (and other shells') feature.

Apache does not support this feature.

You must specify the file as /home/joebloggs/joebloggs/somesite_com.crt


The disk drive for /media/SDbackup is not ready yet or not present

Try reactivating the last line in /etc/fstab by removing the # and deactivating the line immediately before that by inserting # as first character.
The reason might be that the drive is not recognized as /dev/sdb but the UUID should work.


Issues installing Ubuntu server onto old PC

Issue was with the motherboard, the motherboard was that did not work was a Gigabyte 970A-UD3 I changed it to another Asus gaming mother board and the installation went by perfectly!


BQ Aquaris E5 Ubuntu edition - Wifi doesn't connect

Mine is running Ubuntu 15.04 (OTA-12) and there is no issues at all. Update to the latest version and see if you still have the issue.


How to install a specific kernel version?

There was no need to re-install. You could simply boot with a previous kernel using grub menu.

Now kernel 4.2.0-41 is not available in the repositories.

If you are using Ubuntu 14.04, you can install kernel 4.4 by running

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-xenial

Also the problem with Nvidia could appear because you did not disable Secure Boot in BIOS. With new kernels it is required to use propritary drivers.


How can I associate .py files to "wine python.exe" and R-click > "Edit with IDLE" on ubuntu 14.04?

managed to get it working:

for noobs, open your terminal and input:

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/OpenWithPython.desktop

once open, copy and paste this in the file and save:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Python
Exec=wine C:/python27/python.exe %F
Icon=python
Type=Application
Categories=Viewer
StartupNotify=false
Terminal=true
MimeType=application/py

now just R-click > Open With Other Application > Show Other Applications > Python

for pyw files:

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/OpenWithPythonw.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Name="Python - no console"
Exec=wine C:/python27/pythonw.exe %F
Icon=python
Type=Application
Categories=Viewer
StartupNotify=false
Terminal=false
MimeType=application/py

^ it really doesn't matter if you use python.exe or pythonw.exe here

I've also gotten IDLE working properly:

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/EditWithIDLE.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Name=IDLE
Exec=wine C:/python27/python.exe C:/Python27/Lib/idlelib/idle.pyw %F
Icon=python
Type=Application
Categories=Viewer
StartupNotify=false
Terminal=false
MimeType=application/py

^ just associate it with the "Open With" menu

also, if you use a different python version, you can always change the python27 directory to python34 or whatever version you use.


Grub error after removing another Linux partition with Ubuntu

First Login in to Ubuntu and use this command in a terminal

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

Then remove the Linux mint's partition using gparted or disk-utility.
Then use this command to update grub men

sudo update-grub

Now you should have a system with no Mint and no grub error!


No audio (microphone and speakers) on Snap version of Skype

I switched to a manually installed version, available from https://skype.com, and this worked out of the box!


How do I disable the text/icon shade on the GNOME top panel?

Not sure which one was at fault, but this appears to be fixed in a newer version of GNOME or the icon theme I use (Papirus) :)

Still not sure how to manually disable the shade though, maybe a GNOME extension could be the answer.


I use dimap and I'm therefore not sure whether this works with imap as well:

In your folder list you right-click on an email-account and you can subsribe to the serverside folders you want by simply ticking them. This can be done within the options for each account via your preferences menue also.

Hope this helps. piedro


My numpad does not enter numbers but moves my mouse around (like a better version of Windows' MouseKeys)

Shift + numlock triggers this on and off.


mysql-server-5.7 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127

Your system is broken because you installed third party packages which collide with the MySQL packages provided with Ubuntu. This is the danger of adding third party repositories: you rely on them to not break your system. It's also difficult to tell you reliably exactly how to fix your system because we don't know exactly what these third parties have done to your system.

Try purging all MySQL and MariaDB related packages, deleting /var/lib/mysql and /etc/mysql, removing all third party apt repositories from /etc/apt/sources.list and /etc/apt/sources.list.d and then reinstalling MySQL from the official Ubuntu repositories again. This will wipe any existing database data that you have.

To get a list of MySQL and MariaDB packages, try something like dpkg -l|egrep mysql\|mariadb. To purge pacakges, using dpkg -P package1 package2 etc. You will need to purge all the relevant packages together to avoid dependency issues.


It sounds like that "other system" was a Windows system. Is it possible that on that Windows system you did a "create shortcut" instead of actually copying the files? The .lnk files are Windows version of Linux symbolic link. They mean nothing in Linux.

Go back to that other system and recopy the files.

FYI: Regular links are just two names on the same disk for a single file. Think of it as a nickname. If you delete either of the names, the file is still in the folder where the link name is. Physically, the file did not move. The system just created another entry in the new folder pointing to the place on the disk where the data was and updated the link count by one. When you delete a name, if the link count is more than one, the link count is reduced by one but the file is not touched. The only rule is that the two names must exist on the same drive.

On the other hand, Symbolic links are just pointers to the file even if the file is on another disk. Deleting the original file (or removing the drive where it exists) makes the pointer point to nothing. So when you create symbolic links (by creating shortcuts), all it does is create pointers on the new drive. It works fine as long as your drive with the shortcuts and the drive with the real file are both there. However, once you move that pendrive, its pointers no longer have meaning. Think of symbolic links as forwarding phone number. The phone carrier (system) sees a pointer to a new phone and goes to that new phone. But if the person got rid of the new phone number, there is no way to forward it.


Will the boot-degraded flag remain after upgrading to 14.04?

The BOOT_DEGRADED variable is not used or supported in Ubuntu 14.04 or any other system with mdadm-3.2.5-5ubuntu3 or later (see change "Drop degraded array questions, since the degraded check results in false negatives "). The system should always boot even on a degraded array.

But - I read about various problems with it - https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mdadm/+bug/1341312.


brightness control not working in 14.04 (dell inspiron 3537)

The file /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness contains the brightness information.

So you can just set the desired brightness by a command like this:

echo 500 >/sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

(the range of brightness is generally up to 950).


First of all, welcome to a free world. Second, yes, there is still a possibility that the hardware you have is infected, as you did not explain where or how you "wiped everything" on the drive. Rootkits that reside at the hardware layer (if you were truly infected with Rootkits, it is important to know which rootkit was installed and where in the system) are much harder to remove from the system and may require replacement of hardware if the rootkit was installed at the firmware layer.

I point you to the wikipedia article which explains some of this, and might be beneficial herein. There are numerous rootkit detectors, but the effectiveness is always subject to the ability to truly detect malware and where/when the rootkit is loaded. If loaded in firmware, suspect that you need new equipment.

It is much harder to infect or attack Linux system due to the diversity of installations, partitioning and methods of securing the instances. There is no "single model" approach, which is why the level of difficulty is significantly more challenging to attack. Not that it is impossible, it is possible, but rather it may not bring the same "bang for the buck" that malware authors want to focus on.

Since we do not know what rootkit was installed, where it was installed and what it effected on the system, I would treat it as "untrustworthy" as you do not know where the rootkit lie in the system.

Darik's Boot and Nuke is perhaps the best hard-drive wiping tool that you can choose, but it takes patience to allow it to completely wipe the drive. This still does not insure that any rootkit that may have infected firmware is removed though. The likelihood of a Windows rootkit compromising a Linux system is pretty slim to none, unless it was written into the firmware, BIOS or other pre-boot hardware that gives it full control over the system regardless of the OS installed.

My advice would be to have the system examined by someone who really understands same, and figure out how that rootkit was installed and prevent that avenue of access from recurring.

As for Linux, chkrootkit, rkhunter, maldetect and other offerings exist (some commercial). They help prevent and detect malware and rootkits, and they are generally effective. However, having stated that I would not start with known bad hardware unless I was certain of totally ridding myself of the rootkit first, and event then, I would replace the drive as it is always suspect.

Do hope this is helpful information. Have a nice day.


Disable USB device: USB2.0-CRW (Generic)

I had the same issue, card reader was consuming highest power. here what i did.

:find the card reader
lsusb
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 Card Reader Controller

:search the kernel module(replace rts with your card name/id)
lsmod | grep rts

rtsx_usb_ms            20480  0
memstick               16384  1 rtsx_usb_ms
rtsx_usb_sdmmc         28672  0
rtsx_usb               20480  2 rtsx_usb_sdmmc,rtsx_usb_ms

:remove module with dependancies
rmmod rtsx_usb_ms
rmmod rtsx_usb_sdmmc
rmmod rtsx_usb

if things good you can blacklist module permenantly


Laptop shuts down after I choose Ubuntu in grub menu

Please check secure boot isn't causing issues, It could be GPT disk type that's causing the failure to boot second image


How to install cmake,ccmake from source?

I found an answer:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28110169/update-ccmake-on-ubuntu-when-building-from-source

Install libncurses5-dev
Reconfigure/compile/install cmake
Restart the shell (initially it was available, but the shell couldn't find it)


How to force caching apt-installed packages so that I can copy and install on another machine?

I think that setting up your local machine as a repository would be a better option, but if you want to just download a package you can run:
sudo apt install -d package

If you want to cache all of your installed packages you can run
sudo apt install -d $(apt list --installed | cut -d'/' -f 1 | grep -v "Listing..." | tr '\n' ' ')


How do I get xmonad to run with the GNOME fallback session?

How to use a custom window manager with the GNOME Classic session in 11.10

Exemplified with the sawfish window manager (sorry, I don't use xmonad).

1. Fix gnome-classic.session

There seems to be
a bug
in gnome-classic.session. Here's how to fix it:

Edit the system file
/usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/gnome-classic.session
directly or make a copy in your home directory:

mkdir ~/.config/gnome-session/sessions
cp -ai /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/gnome-classic.session ~/.config/gnome-session/sessions/

Make this change:

 [GNOME Session]
 Name=GNOME Classic
 RequiredComponents=gnome-panel;gnome-settings-daemon;
-RequiredProviders=windowmanager;notifications;
+RequiredProviders=windowmanager;
 DefaultProvider-windowmanager=gnome-wm
 DefaultProvider-notifications=notify-osd
 IsRunnableHelper=/usr/lib/gnome-session/gnome-session-check-accelerated
 FallbackSession=gnome-fallback
 DesktopName=GNOME

2.1. Alternative 1: Set WINDOW_MANAGER in ~/.gnomerc

2.1.a. Create/edit ~/.gnomerc and add this:

export WINDOW_MANAGER=sawfish

Replace "sawfish" in this example with the window manager you want to use. If you now log in with the "GNOME Classic" session, you will get your chosen window manager.

2.1.b. Faster startup:

If you experience a 30 second delay at login with the above solution, the following will fix that (this might just be a sawfish issue).

Make a startup script, e.g. ~/bin/my-gnome-wm:

#!/bin/bash
sawfish &

Make it executable:

chmod u+x ~/bin/my-gnome-wm

Change ~/.gnomerc to this:

export WINDOW_MANAGER="$HOME/bin/my-gnome-wm"

2.2. Alternative 2: Use sawfish.desktop

2.2.a. Edit gnome-classic.session again:

 [GNOME Session]
 Name=GNOME Classic
 RequiredComponents=gnome-panel;gnome-settings-daemon;
 RequiredProviders=windowmanager;
-DefaultProvider-windowmanager=gnome-wm
+DefaultProvider-windowmanager=sawfish
 DefaultProvider-notifications=notify-osd
 IsRunnableHelper=/usr/lib/gnome-session/gnome-session-check-accelerated
 FallbackSession=gnome-fallback
 DesktopName=GNOME

Replace "sawfish" in this example with the window manager you want to use. This requires a file like "sawfish.desktop" to be installed in the correct location, e.g. /usr/share/applications/sawfish.desktop.

2.2.b. Faster startup:

If you experience a 30 second delay at login with the above solution, the following will fix that (this might just be a sawfish issue).

Edit the system file
/usr/share/applications/sawfish.desktop
directly or make a copy in your home directory:

mkdir ~/.local/share/applications
cp -ai /usr/share/applications/sawfish.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/

Make this change:

 [Desktop Entry]
 Name=Sawfish
 Name[el]=Ðñéïíüøáñï (Sawfish)

 Type=Application
-Exec=sawfish
+Exec=bash -c 'sawfish&'
 TryExec=sawfish

 Terminal=false
 NoDisplay=true

 X-GNOME-WMName=Sawfish
 X-GNOME-Autostart-Phase=WindowManager
 X-GNOME-Provides=windowmanager
 X-GNOME-Autostart-Notify=true

Notes

With DefaultProvider-windowmanager=gnome-wm and without setting WINDOW_MANAGER in .gnomerc, we seem to get both Unity and GNOME Classic at the same time, on top of each other!

This entry in ~/.xsession-errors probably says something about why there is a 30 second delay:

gnome-session[23870]: WARNING: Application 'gnome-wm.desktop' failed to register before timeout

Why create the my-gnome-wm script? Because this doesn't seem to work:

export WINDOW_MANAGER='/usr/bin/sawfish&'

Neither does this:

export WINDOW_MANAGER='bash -c "/usr/bin/sawfish&"'


I work in IT in a company, and we have several 9570's, 7590's and 9370s in use. One thing we have to do across all the ubuntu installations is to enable the nomodeset flag in the grub configuration. Dell has described how in here: https://www.dell.com/support/article/en-us/sln306327/manual-nomodeset-kernel-boot-line-option-for-linux-booting?lang=en

It's worth a shot during boot to edit the grub config manually first, before entering it into the file itself.


Genymotion virtual device got no IP adress

The responsible thing that is assigning dynamic IPs for you is called DHCP server so you have to enable it to resolve this issue.

Try the following:

Open VirtualBox's Preferences and under Network section, check the adapter named "vboxnet0" in "Host-Only Networks", double click on it and make sure to apply the following configuration there.

6- Double click on that name and apple the following configuration

Adapter Tab:

IPv4 Adapter: 192.168.65.1
IPV4 Network Mask: 255.255.255.0

DHCP Server Tab:

Check "Enable Server"

HINT: THIS RESOLVES YOUR PROBLEM, BUT OTHERS IS REQUIRED TO AVOID OTHER PROBLEMS
Server Address: 192.168.65.100
Server Mask: 255.255.255.0
Lower Address Bound: 192.168.65.101
Higher Address Bound: 192.168.65.255

Note: make sure you don't have any other adapter with the same configuration that might cause conflicts .. revise all of adapters in that section, "Host-Only Networks" I mean, and delete the same ones there.

Good luck


Here's how I managed to persist across reboots with Fail2Ban & netfilter-persistent

With your active action.d config add to actionban and actionunban as follows ...

...
# Add/Remove newly updated rule to file and remove dupes
iptables-save | uniq | awk '!seen[$0]++' > /etc/iptables/rules.v4
# Import updated config
iptables-restore < /etc/iptables/rules.v4
# Save config for reboots
netfilter-persistent save
# Now refresh the persistent daemon
netfilter-persistent reload
...

This will capture newly added ip's and if you manually unban an ip


Is there a way to schedule the downloads in Transmission BitTorrent Client?

I think you can accomplish this easily. Try the following steps:

Click Edit -> Preferences
Select Downloading tab
Set the Maximum active downloads number to 1, this should do the trick.


The phone images do not yet support device encryption. There are plans to add it at some point, yes.


https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/installation-guide/amd64/ch06s03.html#di-partition

ext2, ext3, ext4 are all supported.

However, was the drive taken out of the NAS that is part of a RAID? For instance, is it part of a striped RAID (0) opposed to a RAID 1 would be a complete mirror? If it is part of a striped RAID without the parity, it may not contain data that is supported because the writing of the blocks would contain partial fragments of data. Something similar to a bunch of corrupt data unless it is part of the same array as when the data was written to the drive.

EDIT:
A couple of things to add to my previous note. If there was any corruption of the RAID pair prior to you removing it and attempting to read it as a single drive, the corruption would follow both HDDs of the RAID 1 configuration depending on which one was considered the master drive. Is there any possibility that you have failed to mention here that the hard drive you are reading from was from a failed RAID 1 pair?

A couple of links for sites that are part of your multi-stage question that may lead you into understanding what options you have that are specific to DLINK: http://forums.dlink.com/index.php?topic=65242.0 http://forums.dlink.com/index.php?topic=58580.0 http://forums.dlink.com/index.php?topic=41734.0

ADDITIONAL UPDATE: (from another article on the DLINK website)

Some additional steps may be needed due to the way RAID writes data to the disk. Please see the link: http://http://forums.dlink.com/index.php?topic=54559.0

In case the link no longer works, here are the steps that the original poster, ironcyborg, had posted. You may not be considering this a failed array, but the steps from reading from the drive shouldn't matter:

I'd like to share the procedure I used on Ubuntu 12.04 and ArchLinux to access data from a disk of a degraded RAID 1 created with a D-Link DNS-320L NAS.

The graphical way is really simple: you just need to
- install the mdadm package
   (sudo apt-get install mdadm on Ubuntu and Debian, sudo pacman -S mdadm on Arch)
- restart the PC
- connect the disk via SATA or USB dock
- three partitions show up on the file manager: the biggest one is the partition that contains your data.

The command-line procedure is a little more complicated:
- install the mdadm package
   (sudo apt-get install mdadm on Ubuntu and Debian, sudo pacman -S mdadm on Arch)
- connect the disk via SATA or USB dock
- run lsblk to find the partition that contains your data and write it down (e.g. sde2)
- use mdadm to assemble the RAID: sudo mdadm --assemble --run /dev/md0 /dev/[YOUR PARTITION]
- create a new mount directory for you disk: sudo mkdir /media/raiddisk
- mount you disk: sudo mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raiddisk
- now your data is accessible and mounted in /mnt/raiddisk
before removing your disk, remember to:
- unmount the disk: sudo umount /mnt/raiddisk
- unmount the RAID: sudo umount /dev/sd0
- stop the RAID: sudo mdadm -S /dev/md0


How can I prevent Unity from grabbing keybindings (allowing an application to handle them first)?

in ccsm (CompizConfig Settings Manager) > Ubuntu Unity Plugin it's sitting right there on the Behavior tab


Tried to upgrade python. Fell down the rabbit hole. Ended up breaking cinnamon. Back, but on thin ice

There is a ppa that supplies this version:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fkrull/deadsnakes-python2.7
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall python python2.7

click here for more info

Also, take a look at this similar question to see how to install your compiled version side by side the apt-get version to avoid dependency issues by keeping the apt-get version installed.


Mapping GPS application with off-line maps

GpsPrune is an application for viewing, editing and converting coordinate data from GPS systems. Basically it's a tool to let you play with your GPS data after you get home from your trip.

Some example uses of GpsPrune include cleaning up tracks by deleting wayward points - either recorded by error or by unintended detours. It can also be used to compare and combine tracks, convert to and from various formats, compress tracks, export data to Google Earth, or to analyze data to calculate distances, altitudes and so on.

https://activityworkshop.net/software/gpsprune/


try to delete this folder
/home/yourusername/.config/chromium

  rm -R /home/yourusername/.config/chromium

Then restart your browser and see if it works.


I have ubuntu 12.04 LTS with a dual boot of Windows 7, Can I reinstall Windows 7, without changing partitions?

Yes, Windows 7 will let you choose a partition to install itself into during the installation procedure. Simply choose your current Windows partition.

However, the Windows installation procedure will overwrite your MBR where grub is installed. This means that you will not be able to boot into your Linux system after the Windows installation; your PC will always boot Windows. Don't worry, though. Your Linux is still there, you're simply missing the option to boot it. All you will have to do at that point is use an Ubuntu Live CD or USB, and reinstall grub using a tool such as BootRepair. This will enable you to dual-boot again.

See here for instructions on how to repair your dual-boot functionality using an Ubuntu Live system.


What command will wake up a sleeping USB drive?

Any read should trigger it:

sudo dd if=/dev/sdx1 bs=1k count=1 of=/dev/zero

will attempt to read from it and should wake it up.

Note that I somewhat doubt that this is the reason mount does not work. Do you get any error messages? What does dmesg | tail -n 25 show after a failed mount attempt?


Routing two subnets without hiding hosts?

The section about where and which routes to set is still a work in progress. It depends on the network topology.

First, you have to make sure the clients on each side of the router actually use the router to send packages to the other network. That is, you'll have to set appropriate routes.

Depending on the rest of your network, there are potentially different ways to setup routing.

Let's assume the server has IP adresses 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.2.1 for eth0 and wlan0.

There are only the two local networks. There is no additional router that connects either network to the internet/a third network. The server you are setting up, is the only device to perform routing.
Simply set the IP of the appropriate interface of the server as the default gateway on the clients. The effect is, that any package not destined for the local network will be forwarded to the server, who in turn will forward it to the other network.
You have a router that connects one of the networks to the internet. Usually a router provided by your ISP. Let's pretend that's network1 and call the router netgw-1. In that case, the clients will have set netgw-1 as their default-gw. If netgw-1 is capable, the best way to go would be to add an entry to its routing table in the gist of

192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.1.1

How to do this exactly depends on the device.

That way the clients won't need additional routes, but the packages destined for network2 are send via netgw-1 to server to network2.

Unfortunately this will most likely not be possible, since the router will not allow manipulating its routing table. This leaves you with the option to add an entry to the routing table on each client.

Note: How to make routes persistent depends on the clients method of network configuration (e.g NetworkManager or /etc/interfaces).

But for the purpose of testing, take a client on each network and set a route (on the client!).

The current routes can be listed via ip route show.

sudo ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0

This sets a route to the network 192.168.2.0/24 using the router 192.168.1.1, sending out packages via the interface eth0. You will have to adapt the command, depending on which network the client is on, and the name of the  network interface.

After that, it should be as simple as enabling IPv4 forwarding _on the server. When the option net.ipv4.ip_forward is enabled, the kernel will forward IP packages across the server's network interfaces.

To check the status of forwarding: sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward
If it is 0, enable it via

sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

Now try to ping a across the router. If it works as desired and you'd like to make the setting persistent on reboot, open /etc/sysctl.conf and set

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

Note that you might want to setup package filters via iptables to forbid certain traffic, depending on your security needs. But that is a different topic.

Setting up the machine as a NAT router requires setting up iptables to masquerade traffic, but as your question suggests you've already read howtos about that topic.


Yes.
There is almost always an alternative to windows programs. Documents and images are handled well by the default programs, Libre Office and Image viewer respectively.
You will be able to access windows partition from within Ubuntu, however, windows refuses to recognize the ubuntu partition. If you would like to access files from both windows and Ubuntu, it is recommended to make a third partition in NTFS or FAT and store your files there.


Can I install different language packages for the command line program "info"?

The "info" documentation is part of the package with the binary, e.g. the wget package provides /usr/share/info/wget.info.gz and so on. And I don't see any language structure in /usr/share/info, so I guess there is no support for non-english languages.

"info" is really pretty unsearchable, try "texinfo" or "GNU info" instead.


The error is actually very simple: the gst module has no element_make_factory method.
Have a look at my following interactive session for some more info:

>>> import gst
>>> gst.element_make_factory
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'element_make_factory'
>>> gst.some_none_existent_method
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'some_none_existent_method'
>>> dir(gst)
['ACTIVATE_NONE', 'ACTIVATE_PULL', 'ACTIVATE_PUSH', 'ALLOC_TRACE_LIVE',

#### Snipping out lots of results...

'warnings', 'xml_make_element', 'xml_write', 'xml_write_file']
>>> 'element_make_factory' in dir(gst)
False
>>> 'element_factory_make' in dir(gst)
True
>>> gst.element_factory_make
<built-in function element_factory_make>
>>>


Dual-booting Ubuntu with Windows 7 on UEFI system

Personally, when I want to use LVM, I set it up beforehand using other tools -- either command-line programs (gdisk, pvcreate, vgcreate, lvcreate, etc.) or a GUI front-end like system-config-lvm. The Ubuntu installer will then see the volume group and the logical volumes I've already created and let me use them.

As to the ESP, the Ubuntu installer doesn't let you explicitly set a mount point. If you ensure that it's identified as an "EFI boot partition" (I think that's what it calls the ESP), you should be fine.


How to set DNS exclusively for a Network Namespace

(Solution found on ServerFault)

Create the directory /etc/netns/NAMESPACENAME and place the different version of the resolv.conf file there.


apt-get install libxml2-dev build-essential
wget http://surfnet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/rarcrack/rarcrack-0.2.tar.bz2    tar -xjf rarcrack-0.2.tar.bz2
cd rarcrack-0.2
make
sudo make install
rarcrack something.rar --type rar

Beware you have to have unrar-free installed and not unrar package to be working. If is the case

sudo apt-get remove unrar
sudo apt-get install unrar-free


Are you open to using other utility cpulimit?

1) Install cpulimit by issuing sudo apt-get install cpulimit

2) Limit the process in question like this (say we want to restrict java to use not more than 30 % of CPU)

cpulimit -e java -l 30


Installed crypted ubuntu on full hd and forget password of crypt and root

With great security comes great responsibility.  :-)

So, if you encrypted a partition and forgot the password, and set up no other way to decrypt the partition, there is no way to recover the files without having the password. It's an unfortunate consequence of encryption.

Maybe try variations on passwords you've used before or ones you think you remember? Did you write down your passwords anywhere? It's always good to keep backups, so if you have a recent one you can restore from that.

You could try to brute-force the password if it was only a few characters, but this approach is very unlikely to help if the password was reasonably secure.


Can't type my username and password, random freeze at login

I had exactly the same problem. Ctrl+Alt+F1 did not work, neither did Ctrl+Alt+Del. A complete freeze.

What seemed to work for me though was a reboot in the recovery mode which runs Unity 2D instead of 3D. I figured that it must have been due to the graphic card drivers.
Since I was using GeForce GT 540M, I installed Ironhide:

apt-add-repository ppa:mj-casalogic/ironhide
apt-get update
apt-get install ironhide

Then when configuring ironhide (ironhide-configure), I chose the last configuration from the bottom (apparently the most recent), for 12.04 LTS, and after reboot, it worked just as it used to, without any freezes.

Try it out yourself!


How to hide users from the user account list of the login screen in Ubuntu 12.10?

Ubuntu uses lightdm instead of gdm by default now, so you need to edit lightdm's configuration. Here's the default /etc/lightdm/users.conf:

#
# User accounts configuration
#
# NOTE: If you have AccountsService installed on your system, then LightDM will
# use this instead and these settings will be ignored
#
# minimum-uid = Minimum UID required to be shown in greeter
# hidden-users = Users that are not shown to the user
# hidden-shells = Shells that indicate a user cannot login
#
[UserAccounts]
minimum-uid=500
hidden-users=nobody nobody4 noaccess
hidden-shells=/bin/false /usr/sbin/nologin

Append the users you want hidden to the hidden-users=-line there.


Ubuntu software Center freezes when opened

Open a terminal and run this command below, Check by reopening Software center:

sudo update-software-center

This will regenerate cache needed by software center.

Hope this helps.


You need to

enable Canonical's partner package repository,
check for new package updates (sudo apt-get update), and
install adobe-flashplugin .

(source)


Since 18.04, a new way of distributing software was introduced. It concerns the SNAP package format. You actually will find two different entries for Libreoffice, one version distributed via the conventional APT system, and a version (usually more recent) distributed through SNAP. Both versions can co-exist together. You may have both of them installed.

The Base component of Libreoffice does not have a separate entry. Thus, looking for "libreoffice base", your probably encountered the SNAP package of libreoffice. There seems not to be a way of installing only Base of the APT version through Software.

Open Software, and locate the package "Libreoffice". clicking on it, you can see in the details if it is a SNAP (As Source, "Snap Store" is indicated) or an APT version (as source, a repository is mentionned such as ubuntu-bionic-updates-main), Remove the Snap version.
This leaves you with only the APT version, but without base, which is not installed by default. Install the base component with the terminal command: sudo apt install libreoffice-base.

If instead you prefer the SNAP version, then remove the Writer, Calc, Draw and Impress packages of the regular version using Software center, and install the LibreOffice SNAP version.


Can't install Ubuntu 12.10 - NVIDIA display through HDMI - Invalid Format (LG TV)

I'm going to say some scary words and they're probably not going to make complete sense but here's the situation.

There is a freely distributable, open source driver for Nvidia cards called Nouveau.
If you have a Nvidia card and no other driver, Nouveau will try to load.
The LiveCD only ships with free software. Nouveau is loaded and this works for some people.
For modern hardware (I have your issue with a GTX580) things fail hard.

All you need to do is pass nomodeset to the kernel at the boot screen.

Probably lost you but when you boot up you're presented with a language choice and then a list of things to do. Under that list, there's another list of options. I think it's currently under F6 but anyway, enable nomodeset (or add it manually to the boot line).

That should get you into the live CD. At first real boot you may run into exactly the same issue. The closed source driver still won't be installed. The prodecure is slightly different this time but just use the grub menus to edit and then add nomodeset to the command line. As soon as you're in, install nvidia-current and all your problems should be solved.

There's more on using nomodeset here on UbuntuForums.


Configuring qemu/kvm on Ubuntu server machine to make local network

take a look at the netplan guide how to create and link bridges with guests.
That oulines exactly the example you need to have your machines visible on the external network.

At the core that means
Step #1: define a bridge:

network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
    enp3s0:
      dhcp4: no   bridges:
    br0:
      dhcp4: yes
      interfaces:
        - enp3s0

Run netplan apply to make this config active.

Step #2: let libvirt connect the guest to that bridge

<network>
  <name>br0</name>
  <bridge name='br0'/>
  <forward mode="bridge"/>
</network>

This is a network that you then virsh define and can reference from your guests, in the example above the name br0.


Does someone know why the Chromium daily package isn't build anymore?

Yes, unfortunately, the machine that the bot was running on was low on disk space (which preparing chromium uploads requires quite a bit).  I was going to try to do some manual uploads for the beta and dev channels.  I'm not sure how soon the dailies will be available again.  I can try to post here when the space issues are resolved.


"Connection failed: Stream setup failed" when using A2DP

I had a similar problem with my device. I own the bh-905i nokia headset and at first i wasn't even able to pair it, using my bluetooth dongle. This started happening after updating Ubuntu from 12.10 to 13.04 using livecd. My kernel is up-to-date.
So:
->The device was detected by blueman, but couldn't pair by any means.
->After adding 'Enable = Socket' to the General section of  /etc/bluetooth/audio.conf, i could pair it, but wasn't able to use a2dp stream. The error was "failed to change profile to a2dp".
->the headset appeared on the output tab, but it did not work at all (even though it was paired).

After struggling around a lot, i did this:

sudo alsa force-reload
sudo killall pulseaudio

restarted pulseaudio   (alt+F2 pulseaudio)

then i added these lines in /etc/bluetooth/audio.conf

  in [General]
  Disable=Socket

  in [Headset]
  changed HFP value to
  HFP=false

  and in [A2DP]
  SBCSources=1
  and MPEG12Sources=0

then i restarted the bluetooth:

sudo restart bluetooth

and it WORKS now.

Unfortunately, if i disconnect the headset during the session i have to restart alsa and pulseaudio before trying to connect again.

Also, i change the profile to a2dp ONLY on blueman, because if i try to do that at the output tab of the sound manager (alsa, i think), i fail.

Bear with me, please, i am not an expert. And english isn't my first language.
good luck!


If you didn't enter a password, just try hitting login with the password field blank anyway.

Source: Personal experience, found this thread to back me up: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1064319


How to change the order to choose os during boot?

To change the default loading entry, you need to change the GRUB_DEFAULT as given below.

you need to edit /etc/default/grub . To do that,

Execute :  sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Now change the GRUB_DEFAULT=0 to any entry you wish.

The first entry is 0 , second Entry is 1 and so on..

After editing, update your grub by executing : sudo update-grub


It's trying to copy a file named iwlwifi-5000-2.ucode.sigcomm2010 from the current directory to /lib/firmware/. If you're not in the same directory as this iwlwifi-5000-2.ucode.sigcomm2010 file (or haven't even downloaded it, etc, etc) you need to get it and cd into the same place or specify the path:

sudo cp /path/to/iwlwifi-5000-2.ucode.sigcomm2010 /lib/firmware/


apt-get failure while processing number of python packages

Ubuntu depends on /usr/bin/python being Python2. If you change this to Python3 you break the system. Change it back to Python2.

See Why isn't python 3 the default python binary? and How do I make the terminal run python 3.1? for more about this.


Looking at the record for toronto-scrap.com, I believe you're missing an s:
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName toronto-scrap.com
    ServerAlias www.toronto-scrap.com
    Redirect permanent / https://wescrap.ca/
    DocumentRoot /var/www/wescrap.ca/public_html
</VirtualHost>

The Redirect was originally pointing to http rather than https.
Remember to reload Apache after making these changes:
sudo service apache2 restart


How is Snappy Ubuntu Core faster than Ubuntu

A standard Ubuntu or Debian system is built out of many debian packages.  This allows you to pick and choose which ones you want installed on your system, but it means when you upgrade, each one has to be upgraded individually, unpacking files, and replacing the existing ones, then running scripts to make any needed modifications to the system to ensure the upgrade goes smoothly.  With snappy, it is more like an android system: you get one big system rom file that is just written to a partition on the disk, and this rom file already contains all of the packages, already installed, but with the database of what packages are installed stripped out.

Downloading and writing one big file directly to a partition on the disk is much faster than downloading many individual package files, unpacking each into the many files they contain, then running the installation scripts.  In fact, when upgrading, the download part doesn't even have to download the whole file; it only needs to download the differences between the new rom and the one you already have.


Freeing page cache using echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches doesn't work?

I've always done:

echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches


Bash script to log all recent apt-get installs and locations

To anyone with similar goals,

I ended up saving the /var/log/apt/history.log in two text files, one before and one after the installation "session". Also, to allow possible extension, I saved the output of the diff into a file, which was solely the package names of newly installed packages (this could allow an interactive command line option, that would cycle through each package with a (Y/n) delete option, instead of mass removal)

To get other people on the right path: sed/grep, diff, cut, tail, xargs, and the use of > and >> to send output to files. And basic bash scripting.


Ubuntu 20.04 LTS - Intel Wireless/WiFi dropping in and out

I was cutting in and out. I then noticed that this was happening
  regularly and the wifi was reauthenticating with the WAP.

I would expect no less! In reviewing your wireless diagnostic results, we see that you are connected to the access point SKYEBYCK. Your scan results show no less than eight instances of SKYEBYCK. We also see in the message log, evidence that your wireless is disconnecting from one instance to reconnect to another, looking for a better signal.

[15898.927207] wlp0s20f3: disconnect from AP <MAC 'SKYEBYCK' [AC8]> for new auth to <MAC 'SKYEBYCK' [AC11]>
[15898.940638] wlp0s20f3: authenticate with <MAC 'SKYEBYCK' [AC11]>
[15898.950051] wlp0s20f3: send auth to <MAC 'SKYEBYCK' [AC11]> (try 1/3)
[15898.994714] wlp0s20f3: authenticated
<snip>
[16996.211084] wlp0s20f3: associate with <MAC 'SKYEBYCK' [AC1]> (try 1/3)
[16996.223252] wlp0s20f3: RX ReassocResp from <MAC 'SKYEBYCK' [AC1]> (capab=0x1411 status=0 aid=1)
[16996.242642] wlp0s20f3: associated

In the diagnostic report, AC8, AC11 and AC1 are redactions of the MAC addresses for the access points.

I recommend that you bind Network Manager to the MAC address of the SKYEBYCK instance with the strongest signal strength. You can find it with:

sudo iwlist scan

Here is a post that describes the process:  Ubuntu connect drops. Worked for a while then started dropping again


Is there a identd-like package in Ubuntu that supports IPv6?

oidentd supports ipv6, but said support doesn't seem to be documented very well (or, y'know, at all...).

After installing it, you'll need to edit /etc/default/oidentd and change this:

OIDENT_OPTIONS="-mf"

to this:

OIDENT_OPTIONS="-mf -a ::"

and restart it, then it should listen on all your interfaces (both IPv4 and IPv6).


I've had the exact same thing happen to me after installing Paragons LinuxFS software. It changes file permissions on the disk despite checking the read-only option when mounting the ext4 drive.

The login loop is caused by not having write permissions in your home directory.
The command chmod u+rwx will fix this issue. However there is no telling what other damage Paragons software has done to your files. So I'd suggest uninstalling Paragon LinuxFS and doing a fresh install of Ubuntu.


You should be able to use something simple like jq -r '.[]."Value"'

Ex.

$ echo '[{"LockIndex":0,"Key":"syncID/master","Flags":0,"Value":"MTA3NDE5","CreateIndex":1951278,"ModifyIndex":1952289}]' |
  jq -r '.[]."Value"'
MTA3NDE5


nautilus->edit->preferences.

Unchek the last option "include a delete command that bypasses the trash"


How to get Windows booting after uninstalling Ubuntu?

The answer depends on whether the system was booting with BIOS or with EFI. vfbsilva's answer might work with BIOS-based computers. (It definitely works with old versions of Windows, but I'm not sure if the same procedure works with Windows 8.)

The vast majority of new computers that ship with Windows 8 are EFI-based. On such a computer, you need to restore the Windows boot loader to be the primary one and/or delete GRUB from the EFI System Partition (ESP). You can set the Windows boot loader to be the primary one in various ways, but unfortunately, they all take a lot of explaining and/or are tricky to do. Deleting GRUB from the ESP is relatively easy to explain, so I'll do that:

Boot a Linux live CD.
Identify your ESP by typing sudo parted /dev/sda print and locating the partition with the "boot flag" set.
Mount the ESP by typing sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt (substituting the correct device identifier for /dev/sda).
Type sudo rm -r /mnt/EFI/ubuntu to remove Ubuntu's version of GRUB. If you've manually installed GRUB somewhere else, remove it instead of or in addition to Ubuntu's GRUB.
Reboot.

When you reboot with GRUB absent, the computer will bypass that no-longer-functional entry and use the next one in its list, which should be the Windows boot loader.

A caveat: If you've used Boot Repair, you may need to re-run it and use its advanced options to undo its renaming operations. If you fail to do this, you'll end up still running your non-functional GRUB.


Would the application "Terminal" normally come ALREADY installed on a MacBook?

Yes. Mac OSX comes with the Terminal app pre-installed.


Two different login screens on Ubuntu 18.10!

When the package flat-remix-gnome is installed..
it automatically updates the alternatives for gdm3.css

$ sudo apt install flat-remix-gnome
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
  libfcitx-config4
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  flat-remix-gnome
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 36 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,754 kB of archives.
After this operation, 19.8 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://ppa.launchpad.net/daniruiz/flat-remix/ubuntu cosmic/main amd64 flat-remix-gnome amd64 3.30.13-1 [1,754 kB]
Fetched 1,754 kB in 33s (53.8 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package flat-remix-gnome.
(Reading database ... 204723 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../flat-remix-gnome_3.30.13-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking flat-remix-gnome (3.30.13-1) ...
Setting up flat-remix-gnome (3.30.13-1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/share/themes/Flat-Remix/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css to provide /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/gdm3.css (gdm3.css) in auto mode
$

to go back to default.. run the below command and choose the proper value which matches to /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/Yaru/gnome-shell.css

sudo update-alternatives --config gdm3.css

Example:

$ sudo update-alternatives --config gdm3.css
[sudo] password for maduri:
There are 7 choices for the alternative gdm3.css (providing /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/gdm3.css).

  Selection    Path                                                                 Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/share/themes/Flat-Remix/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css              20        auto mode
  1            /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/Yaru/gnome-shell.css                     15        manual mode
  2            /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/gnome-shell.css                          10        manual mode
  3            /usr/share/themes/Flat-Remix-Dark/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css         17        manual mode
  4            /usr/share/themes/Flat-Remix-Darkest/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css      17        manual mode
  5            /usr/share/themes/Flat-Remix-Miami-Dark/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css   17        manual mode
  6            /usr/share/themes/Flat-Remix-Miami/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css        17        manual mode
  7            /usr/share/themes/Flat-Remix/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css              20        manual mode

Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 1
update-alternatives: using /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/Yaru/gnome-shell.css to provide /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/gdm3.css (gdm3.css) in manual mode
$

About automatic mode and manual mode:

   automatic mode
          When  a  link  group is in automatic mode, the alternatives system ensures that the
          links in the group point to the highest priority alternative  appropriate  for  the
          group.

   manual mode
          When  a  link  group  is  in manual mode, the alternatives system will not make any
          changes to the system administrator's settings.

Source: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/en/man8/update-alternatives.8.html


Can No Longer Boot into Ubuntu 12.04 LTS After Failed 13.04 update

I still can't figure out what to do. I got myself a LIVE DVD Of Ubuntu using the same ISO image I used to install Ubuntu in the first place. And I made a boot-repair. I knew this laptop back on so bad. I am a musician and producer full time and I also do Android Development (rims and apps) on the side, so all my stuff is on there.  Some of the android projects are gone cause I started using Linux/Ubuntu for it cause I was told it's better for working with android. Which I agree. It is for sure. I plan on continuing to use it once I get it fixed. And Luckily windows is still intact cause all my solo projects and the mater tracks for my game are on there and I will be dead by morning if I lose those Tracks.

So I've tried F12, ESC, DEL to try and get to my bios so I can select the boot order. But no luck obviously. So I am open to more suggestions if anyone got any ? Thank you in advance to all those willing to help.


gcalcli is using a Python library (parsedatetime) that is out of date in 14.04, I found the solution in this bug report:

https://github.com/insanum/gcalcli/issues/132

So basically we need to upgrade python-parsedatetime, you can either do this with pip if this is your preferred method:

sudo pip install --upgrade parsedatetime

Or via Chris Johnson's PPA. I didn't want to add an entire PPA just to get gcalcli working, so I just grabbed the package:

wget https://launchpad.net/~cjohnston/+archive/ubuntu/ppa/+files/python-parsedatetime_1.2-1~ubuntu14.04.1~ppa1_all.deb

And then installed it:

sudo dpkg -i https://launchpad.net/~cjohnston/+archive/ubuntu/ppa/+files/python-parsedatetime_1.2-1~ubuntu14.04.1~ppa1_all.deb
sudo apt-get -f install


How to allow traffic from a specific IP for a specific port in UFW?

Firewall rules are first-matched in terms of processing.  If the DENY comes before the ALLOW, it won't work right.

Your ALLOW rules need to come before the DENY rules.  Otherwise the first matched rules are the DENY rules and you can't connect as you want.


Why am I seeing these packets trying to connect to my ubuntu 20.04 box

I finally figured it out.  I had created an oracle cloud account at some time in the past and there was a VPN configuration which was still active even though I don't have any virtual machines running there.  Nothing Ubuntu specific
Sorry


xfce - how to pin app to workspace during execution

Go to Settings Manager > Window Manager Tweaks > Focus tab. In the "When a window raises itself" section, select an option other than "Bring window on current workspace".


I have two USB 3.0 hubs (not externally powered though) and they do behave differently. The cheaper one has a similar problem but I find if I unplug the hub (with the drive still connected) and then plug it back in again it usually works. Something to do with soft or firmware or something like that inside the hub. My only other thought is there might not be enough power coming out of just one of the hub's ports to power a bigger drive, having divided the power from your computer's port between all the ports in the hub. You'd think the external power supply would compensate for that but it might not.


I am not quite sure what your issue is but you need to edit the settings for whatever category you are using to limit the amount of active downloads at a time.

[1.] Right click the name of the Category and choose "Properties".

[2.] By default the settings will list "3 as the Active Downloads".

[3.] Change that to "1" and it should work like you want it to.


What you're observing here is that 'strong quotes' lose their strength when wrapped in "weak quotes":

$ echo $foo
bar
$ echo '$foo'
$foo
$ echo "echo '$foo'"
echo 'bar'

Although you could fix your code by backslash-escaping every special character, a better way to avoid expansion by the shell might be to use a here-document instead of an echo, and quote (in any of the supported ways - weak, strong or backslash) the end marker:

$ cat << \EOF
export PROMPT_COMMAND='RETRN_VAL=$?;logger -p local6.debug "$(whoami) [$$]: $(history 1 | sed "s/^[ ]*[0-9]\+[ ]*//" ) [$RETRN_VAL]"'
EOF

export PROMPT_COMMAND='RETRN_VAL=$?;logger -p local6.debug "$(whoami) [$$]: $(history 1 | sed "s/^[ ]*[0-9]\+[ ]*//" ) [$RETRN_VAL]"'


You have to run these commands as root.

Press Ctrl+Alt+T to open the terminal and run these commands one by one.

echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/isv:ownCloud:ownCloud2012/xUbuntu_12.04/ /' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install owncloud-client

If first command isn't working for you, try do it manually.

Run the following command in terminal:

gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

This will open sources.list as root. Paste the following line at the end of it.

deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/isv:ownCloud:ownCloud2012/xUbuntu_12.04/ /

Then run the last two commands. When asked for varification, press "y" and hit Enter.


Can I use my Ubuntu for network administration?

A very good tool to use is NMap. You can install it easily with :

sudo apt-get install nmap

Is is useful for security purposes to find if any unwanted ports on a computer are open, it can also be used to check IP addresses (I find it useful when the router resets and i
I need to find the IP address of my network printer.)

A command that would scan for a computers Operating System (-O), as well as script, version and trace route scanning.:

sudo nmap -A -O IP_ADDRESS

or for more informative output (verbose - -v):

sudo nmap -A -O -vvv IP_ADDRESS

For example, if I run this:

sudo nmap -A -O -vvv 192.168.1.6

it shows this for some Network Attached Storage (Closed):

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-12-22 16:32 GMT
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.6
Host is up (0.00037s latency).
Not shown: 991 filtered ports
PORT     STATE  SERVICE      VERSION
21/tcp   closed ftp
22/tcp   open   ssh
2049/tcp closed nfs
MAC Address: **:**:**:**:**:** (MANUFACTURER-OF-NETWORKING-HARDWARE)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 2.6.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6
OS details: Linux 2.6.9 - 2.6.27
Network Distance: 1 hop

TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT     ADDRESS
1   0.37 ms 192.168.1.6

OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 13.24 seconds

This shows that it currently only has the ssh port open to access, on port 22, with the ftp and nfs ports available, but closed, on 21 and 2049 ports. An example for  use for this is that you could see if you had ssh remote access on a machine which you did not want to be accessed.

Yes, I have edited some sort-of-secret info out of the above output - including MAC Address: **:**:**:**:**:** (MANUFACTURER-OF-NETWORKING-HARDWARE)

There is also a graphical interface for Nmap you can use, called Zenmap

Hope this helps


For syntax highlighting in vim, first install vim

sudo apt install vim

then run

$ cd /usr/share/vim/vim74/colors
/usr/share/vim/vim74/colors$ ls

From its output:

blue.vim      desert.vim    koehler.vim  peachpuff.vim  slate.vim
darkblue.vim  elflord.vim   morning.vim  README.txt     torte.vim
default.vim   evening.vim   murphy.vim   ron.vim        zellner.vim
delek.vim     industry.vim  pablo.vim    shine.vim

Modify file ~/.vimrc

vi ~/.vimrc or gedit ~/.vimrc
and edit

colorscheme koehler

or any you like.


No that will not be possible for the simple fact that there are no 13.04 repositories anymore. There is the archive but those are not supported as a valid installation procedure. That would mean you need to manually download the package and add it to your system.

Now if you would do that with 2 current releases then yes it is possible to mix the 2 releases: you can add a PPA for that specific software you need and can then specify what release should be used.

In Software&Updates you can do this:

This is often done to get the latest apache, mysql, browsers and sometimes to get a bug fixed when it got fixed in a newer release.


Install proprietary nvidia drivers or switch off VDPAU support in mplayer.

EDIT:

sudo aptitude reinstall libvdpau1


Advanced File Manager app that supports a file name list

If I understand your question correctly, you can use terminal file manager nnn with which you can select files from multiple directories and move all of them to a destination directory in a single go.


3D Acceleration is "experimental" in VB and may not be properly supported. Also which version of Virtual Box are you using. The Open Source version doesn't seem to support all the functions of the one downloaded off the site.
I don't like suggesting closed source, but your situation may call for it.
Also I'm going to try running sudo apt-get install gnome-shell on my 11.10 machine and see what it looks like. There's still the possibility that it's not VB.


TRy ubuntu just for a week and after that bring it back to its earlier state. Is it possible?

Is your computer running Windows and you want to try Ubuntu in dual-boot mode?  If so, make a disk image of the complete hard drive using something like Macrium Reflect Free Edition.  Install Ubuntu in side-by-side mode (or whatever the current distro calls dual-boot).  At the end of your week of dual-boot usage, use Macrium Reflect to restore the disk image.  This will bring your system back exactly to the point before you installed Ubuntu.


Updated:(New info added) Offline installing Video Player & Rythmbox plugins in Ubuntu 15.04 Vivid

What you have to do is, on the offline system, run

sudo apt-get install -s ubuntu-restricted-extras

This will not install (it is just a simulation), but it will show you the dependencies packages that you need. In my case the output is

davide@brenna:~$ sudo apt-get install -s ubuntu-restricted-extras
[sudo] password for davide:
Lettura elenco dei pacchetti... Fatto
Generazione albero delle dipendenze
Lettura informazioni sullo stato... Fatto
I seguenti pacchetti saranno inoltre installati:
  chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra flashplugin-installer gstreamer1.0-fluendo-mp3
  libavcodec-extra libavcodec-extra-56 ubuntu-restricted-addons
[...]

So I need to install also chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra flashplugin-installer gstreamer1.0-fluendo-mp3 libavcodec-extra libavcodec-extra-56 ubuntu-restricted-addons to make it work.

Look for these packages here - i386 or amd64 depends on whether you installed a 32 bit or a 64 bit distribution - download and install them by hand.


How to build Nodejs for an arm64 architecture machine?

You downloaded the binaries.

Please use this link
https://nodejs.org/en/download/current/

and click on source code link where you will find the actual source code.


OK, firstly, thanks for your help everyone!

Secondly, the issue is resolved.

Somewhat embarrassing, but after scouring the internet and getting together a whole pile of info to post back here I took a minute to double-check the setup and found that I had accidentally swapped the plugs for keyboard and webcam. What an idiot!

For future reference the exact model of KVM is the Belkin Flip USB with audio, and it's now confirmed working perfectly with Ubuntu 11.10.


Why won't my laptop detect my VGA cable after start-up?

Your question is rather vague, so you'll more likely get more useful answers if you can provide more information. Here's some things to start with:

What graphics card drivers are you using? I've found that the generic drivers tend to not play well with multiple monitors. Make sure you pick up the good drivers for your graphics card. If you have an Nvidia card, or a newer ATI/AMD card, then you may need to tell Ubuntu to use the "non-free" software and install the proprietary drivers.

Can you output to a standard monitor? Does the same cable and port output successfully to a regular computer monitor? If not, the cable or the card might be bad. Swap out the cable and see if it works, then try the TV again.

Does the graphics card support the TV's resolution? (Conversely, does the TV support the card's available resolutions?) Graphics cards output only certain resolutions, and monitors (including TVs) only display at certain resolutions. Usually, the card will automatically match up the best fit. However, it will usually try to do that and maintain the monitor's aspect ratio and will fail if it doesn't find one, even if there's a match at a less than ideal aspect ratio. Check your display software (either the built-in "Display" system settings, or Nvidia's or ATI/AMD configuration manager) to see if it's actually detected but can't output at the resolution that it wants.

Is the output turned on? Sometimes, the computer won't detect the monitor until you tell it to connect (even though it outputs to the other monitor until login). Check your display settings and see if it does know that it's there, but doesn't know what to do with it.


Will an open source .NET framework allow built-in Windows program compatibility?

What's wine got to do with it? Let's ignore that for a moment.

Microsoft are open sourcing the core parts of .NET as well as making ASP.NET more open source than it already was. On their own, these two parts would allow you to make command line applications and ASP.NET websites. If you have existing applications like this, it should eventually be possible to create Linux targets (if that's even required) and run them natively on Ubuntu.

That said, there are a whole fleet of .NET components required to make something like a GUI application. On Windows, developers use things like the Windows Presentation Foundation to draw things on the screen. In Mono, we can use things like GTK# and Qt#. If you want a cross-platform application, you need a cross-platform toolkit.

That's a very long winded way of saying not much is going to change initially. Developers could use Mono before if they wanted cross-platform apps and they still can. In the future it'll perhaps be easier to pull in Mono's toolkits into a VS.NET project, or MS will replace WPF with a cross-platform toolkit.

Back to Wine. A .NET application running in Wine will still need something to provide it with presentation libraries and (if native Windows libraries) they're going to need to still go through Wine so the right environment is provided for them. Wine is still the link between application and hardware (well virtual hardware through Linux) that .NET sits on top of. I can't see that arrangement changing any time soon.


I figured out the answer to this:

First, install dconf-editor
    sudo apt install dconf-editor

Next, type dconf-editor in the alt+f2 popup

Finally, in org.gnome.desktop.input-sources remove the missing input method from sources.


LUKS not taken in charge with (X)ubuntu 16.04

The gparted software included in ubuntu 16.04 does not support luks, and I find the tutorial you followed a little bit misleading (it talks about mounting the partition before creating the filesystem).

Here is a procedure I just tested on 16.04 (my partition is /dev/vda1, you will need to replace this name on your computer):

Create a partition, you can do it using cfdisk, fdisk, ... If you need to resize of move it, gparted can be used too.
Encrypt the partition with sudo cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/vda1, it will ask you to confirm with a capital YES, and ask you to enter your passphrase twice.
Enable you partition with sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/vda1 crypthome. Your problem was caused by putting a / at the end of /dev/vda1.
Format your partition with sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/crypthome
Create a mount point with sudo mkdir /mnt/crypthome
Mount the filesystem with sudo mount /dev/mapper/crypthome /mnt/crypthome
Fix the permissions for the current user : sudo chown $USER:users /mnt/crypthome -R

And that's it.

Then unmounting can be done like this:

sudo umount /dev/mapper/crypthome
sudo cryptsetup luksClose /dev/vda1

And mounting:

sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/vda1
sudo umount /dev/mapper/crypthome


How do I install support for Unicode emoji in Chromium?

The Symbola font is part of the ttf-ancient-fonts package. You can install it by running this command in a terminal window:

sudo apt-get install ttf-ancient-fonts

Source


Has the software selection changed in the Server Installation?

The list of tasks shown by tasksel is always being updated from release to release, however at the bottom of the list you should see an option for "Manual package selection", that lets you pick individual packages:


Linux Ubuntu 18.10 NO SOUND (Dummy Output)

Found this bug listed https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pulseaudio/+bug/1801538
I tested the following command and the result was instant. Everything fully restored.
systemctl stop timidity.service

Then went ahead and disabled. Will see what happens.


Setting PATH variable in /etc/environment vs .profile

Summary:

If you want to add a path (e.g. /your/additional/path) to your PATH variable for your current user only and not for all users of your computer, you normally put it at the end of ~/.profile like in one of those two examples:

PATH="/your/additional/path:$PATH"
PATH="$PATH:/your/additional/path"

Note that the path priorities are descending from left to right, so the first path has the highest priority. If you add your path on the left of $PATH, it will have the highest priority and executables in that location will override all others. If you add your path on the right, it will have the lowest priority and executables from the other locations will be preferred.
However, if you need to set that environment variable for all users, I would still not recommend touching /etc/environment but creating a file with the file name ending in .sh in /etc/profile.d/. The /etc/profile script and all scripts in /etc/profile.d are the global equivalent of each user's personal ~/.profile and executed as regular shell scripts by all shells during their initialization.

More detail:

/etc/environment is a system-wide configuration file, which means it is used by all users. It is owned by root though, so you need to be an admin user and use sudo to modify it.
~/.profile is one of your own user's personal shell initialization scripts. Every user has one and can edit their file without affecting others.
/etc/profile and /etc/profile.d/*.sh are the global initialization scripts that are equivalent to ~/.profile for each user. The global scripts get executed before the user-specific scripts though; and the main /etc/profile executes all the *.sh scripts in /etc/profile.d/ just before it exits.

The /etc/environment file normally contains only this line:

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"

It sets the PATH variable for all users on the system to this default value, which should not be changed in a major way. At least you should not remove any of the important paths like /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin and /usr/sbin from it.

This file is read as one of the first configuration files by every shell of every user. Note that it is not a shell script. It is just a configuration file that gets parsed somehow and that may only contain environment variable assignments!
The ~/.profile file can contain many things, by default it contains amongst other stuff a check whether a ~/bin directory exists and adds that to the user's existing PATH variable, like this (on older Ubuntu releases prior to 16.04 -- which adds it unconditionally -- and on 18.04, which also adds "~/.local/bin"):

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

You see that the old value of PATH gets reused here and the new path is only appended to the beginning instead of overwriting everything. When you manually want to add new paths, you should also always keep the old $PATH value somewhere in the new string.

This initialization script is read only by the shells of the user to which it belongs, but there's another condition:

# ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.
# This file is not read by bash(1), if ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login
# exists.

So if you use the default Bash shell, you should make sure that you don't have a ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login if you want the changes in ~/.profile to have an effect for your user.

For a full understanding on Environment Variables see:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnvironmentVariables

Related question: difference between bash.bashrc and /etc/environment file


There are two lines in source configuration file of apt - and they saying that you're using two different architectures. Now you should:

check your arch
check configuration files of apt
comment out unnecessary line
run apt-get update again :)

Here's how:

check your arch
In terminal/command line:

uname -i

On my ubuntu i've got this result: x86_64 - so i'm using amd64 if you've got other (in common) you're using i386
the configuration files for apt are in /etc/apt/ directory. This two problematique entries can be in /etc/apt/source.list or in /etc/apt/source.list.d/google-chrome.list
you need to check it for yourself. Edit the right file with the command:

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
or

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
You need root privileges for it - so type your password
Comment out
Now with # symbol you'll comment out unecessary line
Run apt-get update again

sudo apt-get update


Why upgrade to new linux kernel in Ubuntu?

Kernel updates help a lot (for example, my wifi card wasn't recognized in the ancient kernel-using CentOS, but worked fine under Ubuntu and Fedora, which both have newish kernels), fix weirdness, kind of like bios updates, improve performance a bit, etc.

They're like updating to a new Windows, because the old one doesn't support something, or glitches out tons.


Version 12.04.2 crashed when booted from a USB

The Live USB cannot be updated or upgraded. What you have is an image of a DVD inside the USB. You will have to install Ubuntu into another drive to get all the benefits of a full install. The second drive can be another USB drive.See How do I install Ubuntu to a USB key? (without using Startup Disk Creator) for how to do a full install of Ubuntu in an USB drive. In particular, follow the answer by Cumulus007. Read the other answers too. The more you know the better it is.

If I understand you correctly, the computer currently does not have a hard drive. In that case, you need not worry about installing Ubuntu on the hard drive and wiping all the contents in the process.

You will need two USB drives. The Live USB can be 1GB. The second one should be at least 8GB or bigger as a complete install will take up more space. You will also need space for updating and upgrading the system, installing new software, as well as for your documents, pictures, music, etc. I have tried doing a full install in a 4GB USB and it was too small for the install to complete. I have a 16GB USB with full install.

There are two things you don't want in the full USB install.

First, Normally, every time Ubuntu boots, GRUB the bootloader checks all the hard drives in the computer to see if there any other operating systems (OS) and adds them to the boot menu, so that you can choose the OS you want to boot from. You want your USB to be portable. That is, you may want to take it to a different computer and boot your own Ubuntu there. Every time you do that GRUB will add the OS of that computer to the list. So, if you boot your Ubuntu USB using 4 computers with XP, Vista, 7, and 8. Later you may see the choice to boot from all four even though your own computer does not have a hard drive and none of these OSs.

To prevent this from happening, do the following after you boot from your new full install USB. Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and type:

sudo chmod -x /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober

Second, Do not create a Swap partition during install. By default, Ubuntu installation may create a Swap partition. This will require advanced installation option called "Something Else" and specify what kind of partitions to create during installation. See How to partition a disk for installing Ubuntu? for some instructions on how to create the partitions. The answer is a bit old and the images may not match yours but you will get the idea.

You should also disable swapping after installation. See reducing disk writes: swapiness=0 or swapoff better?

Also see the Swap FAQ at Ubuntu Community Documentation.

Hope this helps


How to use nvidia graphics for display to better screen resolution

I was finally able of obtaining the resolution I wanted. To do so I performed the following:

First I insured that the nvidia slot is in uefi mode. I did so from the motherboard bios.
Then I executed the following command line
nvidia-xconfig --enable-all-gpus --separate-x-screens
following a suggestion I found in https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/769851/multi-nvidia-gpus-and-xorg-conf-how-to-account-for-pci-bus-busid-change-/

Am even able now of using NVIDIA X Server Settings.


From your description you opted for full disk encryption.
Unless you are a total Linux guru, you'll just have to re-install Ubuntu.
Even for a Linux guru it would be a pain in the neck.

UPDATE:
Here's a workaround from @Alcuin in the comments:

Just set your user account to auto-login. That way you still only have
to enter one password at startup while keeping your disk fully
encrypted.

If Ubuntu asks for an encryption passphrase during boot (i.e. on the
text console before the login screen is displayed), this indicates
that a full disk encryption method was used. (There's more than one
way to do this, but I'll keep the answer general.) The encryption is
handled by an extra software layer between the file system and the
physical hard drive, not the file system itself.
There is no simple method or tool to undo this. With some knowledge
about how Linux systems work, it can be done. You'd have to move the
whole file system (or all files) to another partition (with enough
free space) or external HDD. Then, remove the encrypted container, and
recreate the file system without encryption. Finally, make sure that
the new file system is properly recognized by the boot loader and
mount -a before rebooting.
If possible, it's best to avoid this time consuming and error-prone
procedure. Just do a fresh install. For a new users, this is the
quickest and safest option.

The above quote was taken from here.


First, make sure you put your files into "/var/www/html/" or "/var/www" (depending on how you have Apache set up) if you are connecting over a local network make sure you are using the local IP address of the computer and not your public IP. To get the local IP of the computer type in "ifconfig" and it should be like 192.168.1.6 or something. If you are connecting over the internet make sure you properly port forwarded port 80 and are using your public IP, not your local IP. If you can reach the website locally but not over different networks, and you port forwarded port 80, then your ISP might have blocked port 80. Basically, if you are connecting to a PC in the same house, try using the local IP.


You could try one of these:

Create new user and verify you could login with it

sudo adduser username && sudo usermod -aG sudo username

Reinstall gnome:

sudo apt purge *-gnome-*
sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop

User customization settings could be lost, but maybe user's customization is the cause of this buggy behavior.


There are a couple of ways to check this.
Before you start:
Make sure you won't be wasting your time on the methods I list by making sure that you don't have huge deleted files being held open by processes running on the machine:
mgodby@mg-ws1:~$ sudo lsof -s | grep deleted | less

Notes on this command:

This will open a less session on a list of deleted files that are still taking up space on your filesystem.
Refer to the 7th column to see the size of these files. Don't concern yourself with sizes that are less than 9 digits, as the sizes are in bytes.
Should you find any huge deleted files this way, end or restart whatever process is holding them open. Failing that, reboot.

File and directory size query methods:
To find normal undeleted files and directories that are taking up a lot of space on your system, try these 2 methods:
Method 1:
Drill down into directories layer by layer until you find the culprit. We can do this like so:
    mgodby@mg-ws1:~$ cd /
    mgodby@mg-ws1:/$ sudo du -xm -d 1 . | sort -n | tail -10
    1   ./srv
    1   ./tmp
    11  ./bin
    15  ./sbin
    25  ./etc
    385 ./opt
    684 ./lib
    1223    ./var
    4805    ./usr
    7145    .
    mgodby@mg-ws1:/$ cd usr
    mgodby@mg-ws1:/usr$ sudo du -xm -d 1 . | sort -n | tail -10
    1   ./games
    1   ./local
    21  ./sbin
    22  ./include
    219 ./src
    309 ./bin
    1431    ./share
    2806    ./lib
    4805    .
    mgodby@mg-ws1:/usr$ cd lib
    mgodby@mg-ws1:/usr/lib$ sudo du -xm -d 1 . | sort -n | tail -10
    87  ./firefox
    93  ./gcc
    123 ./vmware-ovftool
    126 ./python2.7
    180 ./jvm
    186 ./chromium-browser
    259 ./libreoffice
    74  ./vmware
    718 ./x86_64-linux-gnu
    2806    .
    mgodby@mg-ws1:/usr/lib$

You can repeat this process until you find whatever it is that is taking up the most space.
Notes about this method:

For command du, flag -m shows sizes in Megabytes, -x excludes results on other filesystems, and -d 1 changes the depth of the search to 1 layer.
sort -n simply numerically sorts the output.
tail -10 displays only the last 10 results, effectively ignoring all but the 10 largest results when coupled with sort -n
Alternatively to sudo du -xm -d 1 . | sort -n | tail -10, you can use sudo du -xh -d 1 . | sort -h | tail -10 to allow du to select the unit it thinks is best for the file or directory size. This is a matter of personal preference (thnx muru for the suggestion).

Method 2:
Query all files and directories on the filesystem at once and view the top results by size:
    mgodby@mg-ws1:~$ sudo du -xm / | sort -n | tail -50
    92  /usr/share/help
    93  /usr/lib/gcc
    93  /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu
    96  /usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-22
    97  /usr/lib/chromium-browser/libs
    97  /usr/src/linux-headers-3.16.0-23
    98  /opt/openoffice4/share
    106 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
    113 /usr/share/doc
    123 /usr/lib/vmware-ovftool
    126 /usr/lib/python2.7
    137 /lib/modules/3.13.0-37-generic/kernel/drivers
    139 /var/lib/apt
    139 /var/lib/apt/lists
    143 /lib/modules/3.16.0-22-generic/kernel/drivers
    143 /lib/modules/3.16.0-23-generic/kernel/drivers
    165 /var/cache/apt-xapian-index
    165 /var/cache/apt-xapian-index/index.1
    180 /lib/modules/3.13.0-37-generic/kernel
    180 /usr/lib/jvm
    184 /lib/modules/3.13.0-37-generic
    186 /usr/lib/chromium-browser
    188 /lib/modules/3.16.0-22-generic/kernel
    188 /lib/modules/3.16.0-23-generic/kernel
    192 /lib/modules/3.16.0-22-generic
    192 /lib/modules/3.16.0-23-generic
    213 /usr/lib/libreoffice/program
    219 /usr/src
    259 /usr/lib/libreoffice
    264 /opt/openoffice4/program
    288 /usr/lib/vmware/modules/binary
    293 /usr/lib/vmware/modules
    309 /usr/bin
    321 /var/lib
    368 /usr/share/icons
    385 /opt
    385 /opt/openoffice4
    568 /lib/modules
    574 /usr/lib/vmware
    611 /var/cache/apt/archives
    684 /lib
    686 /var/cache/apt
    718 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
    870 /var/cache
    1223    /var
    1431    /usr/share
    2806    /usr/lib
    4805    /usr
    7145    /
    mgodby@mg-ws1:~$

Notes about this method:

adjust -50 on tail -50 to give you the amount of results that you want, i.e. tail -30 for the top 30 results.
Alternatively, replace sudo du -xm / | sort -n with sudo du -xh / | sort -h to allow du to select the unit it thinks best for the file or directory size. This is a matter of personal preference (thnx muru for the suggestion).

Which method to use?
The results of method 2 may get you to a final answer more quickly than method 1 and give you more of a "big picture" kind of result, but method 1 is better-organized and easier to understand.


kernel headers are provided by linux-headers-$(uname -r)-generic packages. Run:

dpkg -l | grep linux-headers

to see the installed headers.


Receiving unwanted emails from launchpad

You can change your email settings at this URL:

https://launchpad.net/people/+me/+editemails

More information here: https://help.launchpad.net/Bugs/Subscriptions


Monitors not detected after installing Nvidia drivers

After you install the nvidia drivers you have to explicitly configure multi monitors with the Nvidia tool (which is different from the built in tool).

Hit the ubuntu button, and search for "nvidia", and then click on it, and then go to the multimonitor section and configure them how you want:


How do you remove the Xubuntu 11 toolbar at the bottom of the screen?

I think you are referring to the Panel at the bottom of the screen. Like all panels - you can just remove this panel and then add whatever dock you which to use.

Right click the second panel and choose Panel Preferences - you can then delete the Panel as shown.