There's no choice to create a Python2.7 notebook in Jupyter

Problem got fixed by installing ipykernel

$ sudo pip2 install ipykernel
The directory '/home/mona/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/home/mona/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Requirement already satisfied: ipykernel in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
Requirement already satisfied: ipython>=4.0.0 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: traitlets>=4.1.0 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: tornado>=4.0 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: jupyter-client in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: backports.shutil-get-terminal-size; python_version == "2.7" in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=18.5 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: decorator in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: pickleshare in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipykernel)
Collecting simplegeneric>0.8 (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipykernel)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:318: SNIMissingWarning: An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Subject Name Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/security.html#snimissingwarning.
  SNIMissingWarning
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:122: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.
  InsecurePlatformWarning
  Downloading simplegeneric-0.8.1.zip
Collecting pexpect; sys_platform != "win32" (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipykernel)
  Downloading pexpect-4.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (55kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 2.2MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: pathlib2; python_version == "2.7" or python_version == "3.3" in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: prompt-toolkit<2.0.0,>=1.0.3 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: pygments in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from ipython>=4.0.0->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: enum34; python_version == "2.7" in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from traitlets>=4.1.0->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: six in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from traitlets>=4.1.0->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: ipython-genutils in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from traitlets>=4.1.0->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: singledispatch in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from tornado>=4.0->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from tornado>=4.0->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: backports-abc>=0.4 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from tornado>=4.0->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: backports.ssl-match-hostname in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from tornado>=4.0->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: pyzmq>=13 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from jupyter-client->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: jupyter-core in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from jupyter-client->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: ptyprocess>=0.5 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from pexpect; sys_platform != "win32"->ipython>=4.0.0->ipykernel)
Requirement already satisfied: wcwidth in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from prompt-toolkit<2.0.0,>=1.0.3->ipython>=4.0.0->ipykernel)
Installing collected packages: simplegeneric, pexpect
  Running setup.py install for simplegeneric ... done
Successfully installed pexpect-4.2.1 simplegeneric-0.8.1
mona@pascal:~/libzmq/cmake-build$ jupyter notebook
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/IPython/paths.py:54: UserWarning: Moving ~/.config/ipython to ~/.ipython
  warn('Moving {0} to {1}'.format(cu(xdg_ipdir), cu(ipdir)))
[I 18:45:16.823 NotebookApp] The port 8888 is already in use, trying another port.
[I 18:45:16.823 NotebookApp] The port 8889 is already in use, trying another port.
[I 18:45:16.830 NotebookApp] Serving notebooks from local directory: /home/mona/libzmq/cmake-build
[I 18:45:16.830 NotebookApp] 0 active kernels
[I 18:45:16.830 NotebookApp] The Jupyter Notebook is running at: http://localhost:8890/
[I 18:45:16.830 NotebookApp] Use Control-C to stop this server and shut down all kernels (twice to skip confirmation).


Why does redis-server service keep starting even after update-rc.d remove command?

Use the following command to disable the Redis server's service:

sudo systemctl disable redis-server


One thing you're definitely going to want to make sure of is that the .iso image you are burning is bootable. What program are you using to burn?

As far as your OS showing a .iso file as a .zip, that's in the settings of your archive manager. For instance, I use WinRAR which has the capability of recognizing a .iso file as an archive. Normally this setting is chosen during the Installation Setup of the archive manager. Depending on which one you're using though, it may have been automatically configured. Refer to your utility's help files for configuring recognized file extensions.


Are you using lightdm or gdm3 as your login screen? You can try

sudo reconfigure-gdm3

or

sudo reconfigure-lightdm


Installing Ubuntu 17 but it goes to live session all time

I have finally installed it. First I have changed the BIOS to ACPI mode. Then installed 16.04.2 which failed due to i/o error. But it had done the partition and all initial work. Then I tried the same steps with 17.04 and it got installed.


Ubuntu 12.04 upgrade (from 11.10) removed all packages installed

Most probably the sources.list has disabled the extension.
That is usual for upgrades as some of the apps may not be supported yet on the new release.
But from what i remember Chromium and Eclipse should not require there packages as they come added in ubuntu repos.

Check out here : vi /etc/apt/sources.list
if you have the packages that you require.

The best option would be to find the package for 12.04 and use those.


remove '500 GB Hard Disk'-symbol in computer:/// (nautilus)

Open a terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) and type sudo blkid

Copy the UUID of the drive you want to hide.

In the terminal type gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

Add a line UUID=${UUID} none ntfs noowners,ro,noauto 0  0. Change {UUID} with your UUID.

This will set the drive not to mount automatically, have no mount point, with no owner and read-only.

I'm not sure it won't show in computer:/// though. I haven't tested it.

Source: http://webapps.itcs.umich.edu/radmind/index.php/Hide_Windows_partition_in_dual_boot_setups


I have found a script which gets fingerprint:

$gpg = gnupg_init();
$infos = gnupg_keyinfo($gpg, $email);
$countkeys = count($infos);
if($countkeys == 0) { print "No keys match $email\n"; exit; }
// choose which key if more than 1
$keychoice = 0;
if($countkeys > 1)
{   print "$email matches $countkeys keys\n";
    for($i=0; $i<$countkeys; $i++)
    {   $name = $infos[$i]['uids'][0]['name'];
        $comment = $infos[$i]['uids'][0]['comment'];
        $timestamp = $infos[$i]['subkeys'][0]['timestamp'];
        $fingerprint = $infos[$i]['subkeys'][0]['fingerprint'];
        print "$i: $name, $comment, $timestamp, $fingerprint)."\n";
    }
    loop2:
    print "n?: ";
    $keychoice = trim(fgets(STDIN));
    if(($keychoice < 0) || ($keychoice >= $countkeys)) { print "invalid choice\n"; goto loop2; }
}
// get fingerprint
$fingerprint = $infos[$keychoice]['subkeys'][0]['fingerprint'];
print "Fingerprint: $fingerprint\n";

Since fingerprint is required for gnupg_addencryptkey() it would seem to be a gnupg design problem that it is buried away in 4-dimensional array.


In order to skip outputting all the pages to respective JPGs, one must -append in the statement.  My final, working statement is

convert -density 300 -append source.pdf output.jpg


How to make a Minecraft server stop daily at a specific time (1 am)

You can do this with crontab:

Open Terminal
Type sudo crontab -e
Enter the following:

0 1 * * * root shutdown -h now

This will shut the machine down at 1:00am every day come heck or high water.


Permission denied when running .sh scripts

Here's a link which explains about Changing file permission (and ownership)

If you want to skip these (for now of course), you can create a directory/folder in your user-home directory and work on your C programmes (or others) there.

You can open the terminal (press Ctrl + Alt + T) and cd to the target directory:

cd /path/to/target

To give the file "the_file_name" execute permission (if the file-system allows you with the RW rights):

chmod +x the_file_name


How do i install ubuntu 12.04 inside windows without downloading it through the wubi installer?

I'm afraid I'm not 100% sure what you're asking for here.
Do you want to run Ubuntu inside your Windows install? If so, try a virtual machine - virtualbox is pretty good.

If you want to install it alongside your Windows installation, first things first you need to check whether or not you have any spare partitions on your hard drive.
Most hard drive can only take 4 "real" partitions, and Windows OEM has a tendency to eat up all 4 of them, I have yet to figure out what each of them does (I don't really care much for Windows, after all) but typically one of them will be a recovery section.

Run a live version of Ubuntu, and when you're in open the Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T). Type

sudo gparted

That will tell you what the usage of the partitions looks like. If you have 4 distinct areas blocked off, you can't install Ubuntu alongside Windows without doing some magic to the hard drive.

Let me know what the gparted read looks like (don't touch anything on gparted... it has the potential to do some serious damage), just post a screenshot, and I'll take a look.


I had the same problem, with Compiz not starting on Ubuntu 11.04 Classic. I found a fix here (and this was my topic).


ubuntu 16.04 snappy core and opening pdf files

Good question. The short answer to your question is yes, you could snap up evince (or similar). The longer answer is: as long as there's an insecure protocol involved, you will be at risk. Remember that on the current desktop, even if using a Snap package, if it has a GUI it has to be using X11, which is an inherently insecure protocol. So while packaging the PDF viewer as a snap would likely be helpful in defeating some attacks, it won't be a perfect solution until Ubuntu moves away from X (to Mir, presumably).


Disable tightvncserver for a certain user

Try this:

chgrp myuser /usr/bin/tightvncserver
chmod 744 /usr/bin/tightvncserver

That will disable execution for anyone outside of your user group.

From below: try

chgrp tightvnc

instead? And make sure your user is in the tightvnc group, AND make sure you've logged out and logged back in so your group memberships refresh.


After Ubuntu 13.04 update all drivers crashed

Could it be possible that the upgrade failed for some reasons? Did you notice any error messages?

For your current situation I see at least two possible solutions:

Connect the affected system to the Internet and run apt-get
dist-upgrade and/or apt-get install -f.
Save your data with the help of an external storage device (e.g.
smartphone, USB stick) and reinstall.


Ubuntu Nexus 7 as USB device does not work

UPDATE Please take a look below for go-mtpfs example.  go-mtpfs is much more reliable, but the instructions remain very similar.

Automatically mounting Nexus 7

Allow non-root users to mount fuse devices:

sudo vim /etc/fuse.conf

Un-comment **user_allow_other**.

Install mtpfs

sudo apt-get install mtp-tools mtpfs

Make mount point

sudo mkdir /mnt/nexus7

chown youruser:youruser /mnt/nexus7

Add udev rules

sudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/99-android.rules

#Nexus7
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", SYSFS{idVendor}=="18d1", MODE="0666"

sudo chmod +x /etc/udev/rules.d/99-android.rules

Add Nexus7 to fstab

sudo vim /etc/fstab

mtpfs /mnt/nexus7 fuse user,noauto,allow_other,defaults 0 0

Restart udev

sudo service udev restart

Access device

mount /mnt/nexus7

umount /mnt/nexus7


E: Unable to locate package libvpx3 in ubuntu 18.04

libvpx3 has been updated to libvpx5 (VP8 and VP9 video codec shared libraries) in Ubuntu 18.04 and later. To install it open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install libvpx5

VP8 and VP9 are open video codecs, originally developed by On2 and released as open source by Google. They are the successor of the VP3 codec, on which the Theora codec was based.


Grey screen when Remote Desktop'ing, any help?

Updated Information

xRDP Seems to work with Unity Desktop if you install the tigerVNC sotfware. So to try to connect to Unity Desktop, you need to perform the following actions

Setup tigerVNC
Setup XRDP
Configure Ubuntu to use Unity in the XRDP Session

Full instruction can be found at this location

End of Updated Information

Info below should be seen as deprecated...

xRDP does not support Unity Desktop.  This is why you have gray screen when login into your Ubuntu via Remote Desktop.   If you want to perform remote desktop connection against your ubuntu server; you need to install an alternate desktop.

You can use xfce desktop.  I prefer to use mate-desktop (you can find detailed instructions on how to install this at this location

Hope this help


Getting completion feature with Alt+F2 in Unity?

Submit a bug report against unity-place-applicationsas that is a wishlist item. There is currently no option in Unity for tab auto-completion to work on the Alt+F2 screen.


How do I search within a particular directory using the locate command?

Maybe you want

locate -ir 'mnt/external/Songs/.*tangerine'

-r is for regular expressions search, like in grep. You may also use plain globs for situations as simple as this:

locate /mnt/external/Songs/*tangerine*


[drm:gen9_set_dc_state [i915]] Setting DC state from 02 to 00 spams my dmesg

I also have the same 'gazillions of entries' in my logs but I made them appear on purpose with kernel option drm.debug=0xe so they are debug messages that should not appear in your log by default. So I suppose that a simple drm.debug=0x0 should remove the annoying 'gazillions of entries' or you have something else that force these messages to appear.

You can print information about kernel parameter sudo modinfo -p drm especially about the debug parameter:

debug:Enable debug output, where each bit enables a debug category.
        Bit 0 (0x01)  will enable CORE messages (drm core code)
        Bit 1 (0x02)  will enable DRIVER messages (drm controller code)
        Bit 2 (0x04)  will enable KMS messages (modesetting code)
        Bit 3 (0x08)  will enable PRIME messages (prime code)
        Bit 4 (0x10)  will enable ATOMIC messages (atomic code)
        Bit 5 (0x20)  will enable VBL messages (vblank code)
        Bit 7 (0x80)  will enable LEASE messages (leasing code)
        Bit 8 (0x100) will enable DP messages (displayport code) (int)

Now I have no idea if power_well could solve your problem you can try each value 0 and 1 and see what happens but I think these messages are more related to i915.enable_dc.


The script parameters have changed as well as directory. $1 is "post" on resume/thaw, "pre" otherwise. $2 in both cases contains either "suspend", "hibernate", or "hybrid-sleep". Modifying your example:

#!/bin/bash
case $1 in
pre) case $2 in
    hibernate)
            echo "Going to suspend to disk!"
            ;;
    hybrid-sleep)
            echo "Going to suspend to disk and ram!"
            ;;
    suspend)
            echo "Fixing acpi settings."
            for usb in 'XHC' 'EHC1' 'EHC2';
            do
                    state=`cat /proc/acpi/wakeup | grep $usb | cut -f3 | cut -d' ' -f1 | tr -d '*'`
                    echo "device = $usb, state = $state"
                    if [ "$state" == "enabled" ]
                    then
                            echo $usb > /proc/acpi/wakeup
                    fi
            done
            echo "Suspending to RAM."
            ;;
    *)
            echo "Somebody is callin me totally wrong."
            ;;
    esac ;;

post)
        echo "We are now resuming from $2."
        ;;
*)
        echo "Somebody is callin me totally wrong."
        ;;
esac


I had the same issue.

Grab yourself an install disk, I used an Arch Linux iso.
Boot into it and then use "gdisk /dev/sda" (assuming sda is the drive with btrfs partition).
Find the partition number of btrfs drive using the argument "p".

Close gdisk with "q".

Now for the easy part.
Type "btrfsck --repair /dev/sda[partition-no. from earlier]"

This is a kernel bug with btrfs and has been mentioned on many forums, so your not alone in this.

What happens is if your laptop does an unclean boot, the drive won't mount.
This fixes that.

Hope this helps,

Josh


The best thing to do is sudo su or su, then cd to /root. You can (if you want) string together commands like this: su -c "cd /root; dostuff", but the first way is easier if you need to get into /root.


You could try:

sudo apt-get install xcalib

Then

xcalib -i -a

xcalib homepage here

(Unlike vasa, some of us know what we're talking about).


What is the best tool to create a bootable ISO

The script you link is available on GitHub here for anyone looking to follow along. It gets some packages and sets up some directories, but the directory it's prompting for appears to be used in this piece of code:

for file in fs/iso9660/iso9660.c fs/lib/loadconfig.c elflink/load_env32.c; do
   sed -i -r 's:"/",:"'$DIR'",\n\t"/",:' $file
done

This looks like it's using sed to search for instances of "/ and replace a given directory name.

It seems to be looking at a file that contains default paths like this (from GitHub)

static const char *search_directories[] = {
    NULL,           /* CurrentDirName */
    "/boot/syslinux",
    "/syslinux",
    "/",
    NULL
};

I think this means if you gave it a value of say /foo it would turn this into paths like /foo/boot/syslinux, /foo/syslinux and /foo as paths that syslinux will use by default.

To answer your question about the differences between Ubuntu and Debian in this respect it makes no real difference. Both use essentially the same boot process as far as I am aware.

  a better way to go about this?

Possibly an easier way to do what you want is to simply use VirtualBox/VMWare to install Ubuntu and then copy the resulting disk image to a USB bootable medium. You may also be able to simplify that a bit by simply telling VirtualBox or VMWare to do USB passthrough or mounting that USB medium as a disk that can be seen during the installation process.


How to find ip address for the apache2 server on ubuntu?

You get you local IP of the currently used network card (the one used inside your local LAN network, assigned by your router) using the following command:

ip route get 1 | awk '{print $NF; exit}'

This command prints both IPv4 and IPv6 address of the currently active interface:

hostname -I

If you prefer a simple command, but are ok with reading through a bit of text to locate the information, check out one of the commands below. They print all available network interfaces by default, but you can also specify one by adding its name as additional argument to each of them.

ifconfig
ip addr show

You get your public IP (the one with which you're connected to the internet) using the command:

curl ifconfig.me

Or visit the site http://ifconfig.me/ in your browser to see your IP address and further information, and to learn more command-line options.


Try running this in a terminal:

sudo apt-get -f install

That should fix the dependencies :)

EDIT: If that doesn't work, try doing it manually, by doing this:

sudo dpkg -I package.deb

That will return a lot of output, but look for a line that starts with Depends:. That will contain a comma-separated list of packages it depends on, so install them all manually. For example, if you have this (I know, it's kind of ridiculous):

Depends: debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0, firefox, ia32-libs | flashplugin-installer, chromium (= 12)

First, interpret it:

It wants either debconf, greater than or equal to (>=) 0.5, OR (|) debconf-2.0 (any version will do, according to the package), so install either one of them
It wants firefox, and any version will do
It wants ia32-libs OR flashplugin-installer
It wants chromium, at exactly version 12.

Then install what it needs (notice chromium=12. That tells apt-get to fetch version 12 instead of the latest. Of course, the ubuntu repositories don't hold version 12, but you get the point):

sudo apt-get install debconf-2.0 ifrefox ia32-libs chromium=12

Then you can install your package:

sudo dpkg -i file.deb

Hope this helps!!


Grant permission for new created files inside folder automatically

What you want is called ACL - Access Control Lists.

Access Control List (ACL) provides an additional, more flexible
permission mechanism for file systems. It is designed to assist with
UNIX file permissions. ACL allows you to give permissions for any user
or group to any disc resource.

acl package should be already installed, to check it run: dpkg -s acl.
To use ACL's you should enable it for your filesystem. But it can be already enabled. To check it use tune2fs -l. Substitute /dev/sda6 for your system:
$ tune2fs -l /dev/sda6 | grep "Default mount options:"
Default mount options:    user_xattr acl

If you see acl word - it is already enabled for device /dev/sda6.
If you don't see acl word - run tune2fs -o acl /dev/sda6 to enable it.

To modify ACL use setfacl command. To add permissions use setfacl -m.

To set permission for user:
$ setfacl -m "u:username:rwx" /path/to/folder

This will set rwx ACL, for user username to /path/to/folder. This means that all files created in this folder will have rwx permission for username.

To set permission for group:
$ setfacl -m "g:groupname:rwx" /path/to/folder

This will set rwx ACL, for group groupname to /path/to/folder. This means that all files created in this folder will have rwx permission for group groupname.

To set permission for other:
$ setfacl -m "o:rwx" /path/to/folder

This will set rwx ACL, for other to /path/to/folder. This means that all files created in this folder will have rwx permission for other.

To check permission:
$ getfacl /path/to/folder

To combine acl
$ setfacl -m u:username:rwx,g:groupname:rwx,o:rwx /path/to/folder

Default ACL
 The new object inherits the default ACL of the containing directory as its
 access ACL.

 If no default ACL is associated with a directory, the mode parameter to the func‐
 tions creating file objects and the file creation mask (see umask(2)) are used to
 determine the ACL of the new object:

 The new object is assigned an access ACL containing entries of tag types
 ACL_USER_OBJ, ACL_GROUP_OBJ, and ACL_OTHER. The permissions of these entries
 are set to the permissions specified by the file creation mask.

So if you set default ACL, it would be preferred ACL. That means if set ACL for user or group, new created file would inherit default acl anyway. Be carefully with default ACL.
To set default acl use -d key,
$ setfacl -d -m u::rwx,g::rwx,o::rwx /path/to/folder

or use default word
$ setfacl -m default:u::rwx,default:g::rwx,default:o::rwx /path/to/folder

Be carefully with setting default ACL. For example if set like this:
$ setfacl -d -m o:--x /path/to/folder

and now fetch this ACL
$ getfacl /path/to/folder
# file: path/to/folder
# owner: c0rp
# group: c0rp
user::rwx
group::rwx
other::--x
default:user::rwx
default:group::rwx
default:other::--x

default ACL for group and user will be rwx automatically!
Remove ACL
$ setfacl -b /path/to/folder

This will remove all ACL's from folder

Finally
If you are only user in system, I recommend use default ACL.
$ setfacl -d -m u::rwx,g::rwx,o::rwx /path/to/folder

This will do what you want for /path/to/folder
Sources
archlinux - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Access_Control_Lists
help.ubuntu - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissionsACLs


Is there an app for screen recoding with PIP (picture in picture)

You can use webcam studio.

Some of the features include:

Switch webcams on a single click
Show an IRC channel in your video broadcast
Broadcast your desktop for creation of nice HOWTO's
Be creative and put animations and banners
Display what song is currently played by Rhythmbox
Co-host a remote friend, show his webcam inside your output
(PicInPic)
Connect to WeatherBug and display your current weather
Apply some fancy effects on each source
Have a green wall, then why not use the ChromaKey effect to do the
same as the weather man on the news network
Use all kinds of devices as webcamera like a MiniDV, your iPhone,
etc....

Download from here

source

Another way is to use the Gnome Mplayer

you can install by:

sudo apt-get install gnome-mplayer

This command will show the window of the webcam output while screencasting so any screencast software you can use can also screencast your webcam output so you don't need other software to merge.

mplayer -cache 128 -tv driver=v4l2:width=176:height=177 -vo xv tv:// -noborder -geometry "95%:93%" -ontop

Please watch this video to demonstarte how to use gnome-mplayer in screencasting with webcam window enabled

How to record my screen? : List of screencast software for Ubuntu( Personally I advise you kazam)


There was a bug in some intel SSD's firmware which caused this problem. This bug was corrected a while ago but you likely didn't upgraded the firmware to the newer one.

Read about the bug and the new firmware here https://communities.intel.com/thread/24205

Unfortunately your data cannot be recovered, but your drive could be made usable again:

  What should I do if I have already experienced this issue?

  If you have already experienced a drive failure or encounter this problem before the firmware update was released, please contact your Intel representative or Intel customer support (via web:  www.intel.com or phone: www.intel.com/p/en_US/support/contact/phone) for an SSD replacement.  An alternative option is to use the Intel ® SSD Toolbox or similar tools to perform a secure erase in order to restore the SSD to an operational state;  all data will be erased.  After secure erase, update your SSD with the new firmware.  The firmware update will not recover user data.

To solve this using linux: (Source and this)

Boot up a live environment
sudo apt-get install hdparm
sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdX

where sdX is your SSD device. This command will just print out some info about the drive. If you see in the output this: Serial Number: BAD_CTX 00000150 that confirms that you are hit by this bug. If at the Seucrity section it reads frozen you can't continue, you have to use a workaround to eliminate the freeze:

  If the command output shows "frozen" one cannot continue to the next step. Some BIOSes block the ATA Secure Erase command by issuing a "SECURITY FREEZE" command to "freeze" the drive before booting an operating system.

  A possible solution is to simply suspend the system. Upon waking up, it is likely that the freeze will be lifts. If unsuccessful, one can try hot-(re)plug the data cable (which might crash the kernel). If hot-(re)plugging the SATA data cable crashes the kernel try letting the operating system fully boot up, then quickly hot-(re)plug both the SATA power and data cables.

sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass SOMEPASS /dev/sdX

Again /dev/sdX is your SSD drive, and SOMEPASS is a password you want to set for the SSD. (This password doesn't lock the SSD or anything similar, it is just needed for these low-level dealing with the SSD.) We will need that SOMEPASS later on, so remember it/write it down. (But after the secure erase this password will be reset anyway so it is not important in the longterm.)
Check the drive again: sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdX

Now it should say enabled and not frozen  at the security section:

Security:
    Master password revision code = 65534
            supported
            enabled
    not     locked
    not     frozen
    not     expired: security count
            supported: enhanced erase
    Security level high
    2min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 2min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.

sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase SOMEPASS /dev/sdX

This issues the secure erase command. Again /dev/sdX is your SSD, SOMEPASS is the password set before. The completion of this operation can take a few minutes. After this your SSD should be functional, if not, try again with this command:

sudo hdparm –user-master u –security-erase-enhanced SOMEPASS /dev/sdX

This latter command takes much more time (30-40 minutes) and you will have to reset the password (with step 4.) before running it because SOMEPASS is likely already reset by the previous command.
After this check the drive again sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdX . The BAD_CTX thing should be gone and your drive should be functional.
After all this don't forget to update the firmware of our SSD. (refer to intel support on how to update the SSD's firmware.)


I have experienced similar experience times ago (was on 11.10 box).
Simply try to install vlc player, I think it's the best player on linux you can found.


Open terminal :

 sudo apt-get purge jdownloader

purge used to remove program with its all configuration files .

remove used to remove program without its configuration files .


Ubuntu 12.04 freezes after yesterday's hardware package update?

Solved! The issue seems to be with the open-source Nouveau graphics drivers that are installed by default with Ubuntu. I found an additional proprietary driver (NVIDIA accelerated graphics driver), and activated it. The system is now running normally again.


Sometimes the problem is with refresh rate.
You can change it in Display Settings (maybe 60 would be alright)
Or you can use this command  xrandr to see what's your second screen name and what resolutions/refresh rates does it support. For example XX.
Then you can set it by:
xrandr --output DP-1 --rate XX


How to enter Arabic superscript and subcript alef in keyboard?

Use Character Map find their Unicode code. like U+0656 ARABIC SUBSCRIPT ALEF
Then use Ctrl+Shift+u (a small under-lined u shows up), type Unicode code 656

See for other input-method options Cannot type “ć” on Hungarian layout

For faster input, you may modify your current keyboard layout or create a customized one. See these answers:

Stabilizing characters like < >, { } and \[ \]
How to add a new keyboard layout (Custom keyboard layout definition)


Can't create CouchDB addressbooks in evolution?

I noticed you Rm your desktop.ini file.

When you restarted couch it may have not re-installed the file successfully.
I had this problem for a while.

Try /usr/lib/desktopcouch/desktopcouch-service

dbus-send --session --dest=org.desktopcouch.CouchDB --print-reply --type=method_call / org.desktopcouch.CouchDB.getPort

xdg-open file:///home/amanda/.local/share/desktop-couch/couchdb.html

This will recreate the ini files, randomize the ports and reboot the system completely.
Once this is done it will show you your details on the Apache server


How to restore the global application menu for Chromium Browser?

In chromium type about:flags in the address bar. There should be an item "Enable experimental GNOME menubar". Be sure to hit "restart" at the bottom of the page.


Be more specific
1:if you lost grub use grub recovery commands
2:if the problem is you stuck on purple window then install boot repair and follow instructions


Second monitor connected by HDMI stopped receiving signal but Ubuntu 14.04 still shows that a second screen is connected

I just passed trough the same problem today (Lenovo Thinkpad T430) after a system upgrade. I could see that selecting a lower resolution for the external monitor works for showing the extended desktop, but looked ugly, so I kept the default highest resolution on both laptop's screen and external monitor, then, I discovered that disconnecting  all cables from the external monitor (power cable included) waiting ten seconds and reconnecting again worked just fine and I have my two displays working as usual in extended desktop mode.


How to use a variable inside a variable in conky

As a workaround, you can try backticks.

Test backticks: ${exec echo `echo foo` bar}

Visual result:

From the above result, you may try

${image `sed -n '15p' $HOME/.Shell/Conky/ConkyWeather/dataWeather.txt` -p 0,10 -s 50x50}


The Ubuntu forums had a few solutions after I asked here - http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2166602

In particular ripping the whole iso, using

dd if=/dev/dvd of=/path/dvd.iso

seems to do exactly what I wanted


I have a similar setup in my machine (apache root in home folder). The folder used as apache root (~/Software/apache_htdocs) belongs to my user and has 755 permissions (but 777 should work as well). Apache runs with www-data user, as default.

The only difference seems to be in sites-available:

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

        DocumentRoot /home/myusername/Software/apache_htdocs
        <Directory />
                Options FollowSymLinks
                AllowOverride None
                allow from all
        </Directory>

        <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
                AllowOverride None
                Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
                Order allow,deny
                Allow from all
            </Directory>

        (... content omitted ...)
</VirtualHost>

So try deleting the second Directory directive and add allow from all on the first. To be safe, before modifying it make a backup of the file. After that restart Apache using sudo service apache2 restart.

Hope it helps


Using wget as a cron job to fetch contents of a PDF daily

Edit cron jobs with crontab -e. Add this command:

0 3 * * * /usr/bin/wget --output-file="/pathtofolder/wget.log" --output-document="/pathtofolder/Document$(date +\%Y-\%m-\%d-\%H-\%M).pdf" http://example.com/pathtopdf

This will run at 3:00am every day.

This config is better for fcron :

%daily,mail(no) * * /usr/bin/wget --output-file="/pathtofolder/wget.log" --output-document="/pathtofolder/Document$(date +\%Y-\%m-\%d-\%H-\%M).pdf" http://example.com/pathtopdf

Better alternative is make a script and put it in /etc/cron.daily/ and make it executable

#!/usr/bin/env bash

wget --output-file="/pathtofolder/wget.log" --output-document="/pathtofolder/Document$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M).pdf" http://example.com/pathtopdf

This will make files in specified folder like "Document2019-04-24-20-36.pdf"


after an upgrade of a few packages I had the same problems under various Desktop environments in my 16.04 installation (Gnome,Gnome Classic and the Default).
All the menus were blacked out no more console window etc.. All other programs like e.g. chrome were fine. So after backing up the most important data to an external HDD. I run a " apt-get dist-upgrade" as sudo after I had switched to non GUI via ctrl alt F1. This solved the problem for me after the restart. Now everything is back to normal.


Printers Available in India That Work With Ubuntu 12.04

Best and safest, any HP you will buy in India or elsewhere will work with Ubuntu, be it their multi function, stand alone or laser, thats how good HP support for open source is. Epson has also improved but its still patchy, so is Canon.


Can I run games that I normally run on ultra settings on Windows 7?

It's performance is quite good, often edging above Windows, but compatibility may be an issue. You can install Wine  or PlayOnLinux to run Windows games on Linux for games that do not have a Linux version. However, some games will not run well or won't run at all oner some settings due to compatibility. You can search the Wine AppDB to check compatibility of your game. Here are some common ratings:

Garbage: Does not run or runs like rubbish.
Bronze: Runs partially or needs a workaround
Silver: Runs well or needs a mild workaround.
Gold: Runs very well, almost at or equalling Windows
Platinum: Runs perfectly, possible better than Windows.

Note that "better" does not talk about performance, but compatibility and reliability.


Ubuntu Server 17.10 won't autoconfigure ethernet on boot

Networking is handled by netplan by default in Ubuntu Server 17.10. I suggest that you edit the /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml file to read:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0:
      dhcp4: true
      dhcp6: true

Exit and save your changes by running the command:

sudo netplan apply

Please note and follow the spacing and indentation.

Comment out all the enp3s0 stanzas in /etc/network/interfaces. Reboot.

I recommend, however, that you specify a static IP address in a server so that you can easily ssh and ftp into it. The recommended 01-netcfg.yaml file is:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      addresses: [192.168.0.150/24]
      gateway4: 192.168.0.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8,192.168.0.1]

Of course, substitute your exact details here. Be sure to select an IP address outside the range used for DHCP in the router or access point.


Permission denied for some files, even with sudo and chmod 777

It is not enough to have read permission on a file in order to read it. You also need to have read permission on the directory it belongs to. In the case of /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch the problem is /sys/kernel/debug which, by default, is readable only by root:

$ ls -ld /sys/kernel/debug
drwx------ 22 root root 0 Nov 20 18:25 /sys/kernel/debug

You need to chmod a+r /sys/kernel/debug to have access to the contents of that directory.

(I would not recommend it, since giving global access to /sys/kernel/debug is not a safe thing to do, but this is a different problem.)

The most common way to access such files is to use a root shell:

sudo -i


Open new windows on main screen in KDE two-screen setup

System Settings -> Window Behavior -> Window Behavior -> Active screen follows mouse:


How to install older version of firefox in Ubuntu 12.04

If you have a 32 bit system download: https://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/releases/20.0.1/linux-i686/en-US/firefox-20.0.1.tar.bz2

If you have a 64 bit system download:
https://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/releases/20.0.1/linux-x86_64/en-US/firefox-20.0.1.tar.bz2

If you don't know how to install the files see:
How do I install a .tar.gz (or .tar.bz2) file?


Install ungoogled-chromium using binaries

If you want to install one of these binaries, you just need to download the latest one:

wget https://github.com/riyad/ungoogled-chromium-binaries/releases/download/71.0.3578.98-2/ungoogled-chromium-common_71.0.3578.98-2.cosmic_amd64.deb

And then, install it using:

sudo apt install ./ungoogled-chromium-common_71.0.3578.98-2.cosmic_amd64.deb

Good luck.


No sound after update from Ubuntu 18.10 to 20.04

I had a similar problem when upgrading from 18.04 to 20.04, although it only affected the headphones and not the laptop speakers. I also experienced problems in controlling the volume.
The root cause of the problem was in the default software settings not being ok for the specific hardware (intel card on asus laptop) while for 18.04 it had worked out of the box.
In my case I fixed it by adding this line in /etc/modprobe.conf/alsa-base.conf:
options snd-hda-intel model=<appropriate model>

where the "appropriate model" was selected by trial-and-error from the list of available values. More information at https://askubuntu.com/a/1233446/1118258
Regarding the volume controls, if you still have issues after getting sound to work, I had the same problem as My volume is either max volume or muted, no middle ground and the solution from Yurii S worked for me.


Ubuntu 16.04 upgrade: authorization issue

I had the same problem.
Fixed it by replacing my config/config.php with the version from the owncloud package, and re-entered the mysql settings.
I hope this solves your problem too


Upgrade from 16.04 to 16.10 and lost my /dev/ttyUSBX devices

I found an answer in a bug report from 2011 and chose to uninstall brltty:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/brltty/+bug/874181

I didn't have to do this with 15.10 or 16.04.


The log file for Ubuntu by default is /var/log/vsftpd.log.  The setting is in /etc/vsftpd.conf

The default could be modified by specifying a different pathname (/etc/vsftp.conf entry):

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log


run this command

i3-config-wizard

then config file created in location

~/.config/i3/config

now you can edit it .


Private/Public key authentication not working after reinstalling ubuntu

ssh search for private keys in the following mode .ssh/id_rsa && .ssh/id_dsa and .ssh/id_ecdsa in newer ssh versions.

but your private key has an alternative name, so you need to use ssh with -i option

try to connect using this command ssh -vvv -i .ssh/key remoteserver


Here's one way to do it (Windows 7 Aero style):
http://www.howtogeek.com/55985/how-to-make-ubuntu-linux-look-like-windows-7/
There's a short tutorial with images and installation instructions on the website I linked. If you aren't happy with the theme, the site also tells you how to uninstall.

Here's another tutorial. It's similar to the one above but longer and more detailed:
http://www.pcworld.com/article/2028896/how-to-make-ubuntu-linux-look-like-windows-7.html


The mobule is probably not loaded.

sudo modprobe cifs

*updated with the module name


Ubuntu 16.04: Wifi connection to a new network fails

Use this command:

sudo service network-manager restart

If you need restart network manager


Is it possible to use wget for copying files in my own system?

Yes, but you need a web server set up to serve the files you need to copy.

try something like this. On a terminal, start a simple web server:

cd /etc/
python -m SimpleHTTPServer

then open another terminal and do:

wget http://localhost:8000/passwd

the passwd file will be downloaded to your current directory. You're in effect copying it from /etc/ to your home directory.

I'm not sure why you want to do this but yes, in principle, as you can see, it is possible.


Changing owner of an external hard drive

Your root account will be able to set ownership of any file. Open a terminal and switch to root, with the command sudo -i.

Next, identify the path at which the partition is mounted (run mount command) and hopefully you can tell which partition is which in the output.

Then you can chown -R youruser:yourgroup /path/to/mounted/partition to change the ownership to your user and group.


Force application to only be able to save files in a specific folder

There are two things you could do:

Run gedit as a user that only has the ability to write to the one folder.
Change the source code of gedit to reject saving to any other folder but the one you want and recompile it.


How to copy a number of files using command line?

I used this command :

files=(*);
num=$((${#files[@]}/8));
k=1
for ((i=0; i<${#files[@]}; i+=$num)); do
tar cvzf files$k.tgz -- "${files[@]:$i:$num}"
((k++))
done

from this post: How to tar.gz many similar-size files into multiple archives with a size limit shared by Jacob Vlijm. It compress all the files in several .tgz files so that is good for me. You can change the number to divide, here 8 gaves me 8 compressed files with 25k files inside + 1 compressed file with only 2 files inside. That did the job for me.


I have struggled with this for a while. I have, however, found a solution today for getting the output to not come in through the mic.

It turns out that the mic is set to stereo, and I am guessing my port is mono. Or it's the other way around. Either way, this was the fix for me:

Run PulseAudio Volume Control (or pavucontrol from the ALT+F2 menu)
Under "Input Devices" find your mic (Mine was "Front Microphone")
Deselect the "Lock Channels Together" button (looks like a lock)
Move the left channel to "Silent".

Note: It may be a different channel for you. You may want to also try turning on some music or something to test which channel is the mic and which is the audio
Test!

I hope this helps!


Manually reinstall or update the dependencies.

To update or install:

apt-get install llibvdevmapper1.02.1
apt-get install libltdl7

To remove then reinstall:

apt-get remove llibvdevmapper1.02.1
apt-get remove libltdl7

apt-get install llibvdevmapper1.02.1
apt-get install libltdl7


failed to start session in Ubuntu trusty tahr

Seems from your descriptions that did TWO very unwise things:

You didn't reading the list before accepting the uninstall.
You panicked and depowered your system during package operations.

Those errors compound each other. Either can be recovered from fairly easily, but together is much harder.

If you accidentally uninstall a critical system package, it's usually better to let the package action finish, then simply restore the packages using sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop or similar. Never interrupt apt while it is working unless you are an expert.

Your easiest solution is to backup your data using a LiveUSB and then reinstall.

If you want to fix the damage, that may be a long road...or it may not. Either way, the AskUbuntu format is ill-suited to the one-on-one support you will need, and the answers to you problem are unlikely to help anybody  else. Jump over to http://ubuntuforums.org and open a thread there for one-on-one tutoring on how to diagnose the problems and fix them.


VirtualBox virtual networking (MacOSX host, Ubuntu 11.04 guest)

If you want your Mac host to connect to the Ubuntu guest OS, try changing the network adapter settings on the Ubuntu guest OS to Bridged Adapter.


installing .NET framework 4 and tradetigersetup.msi

You will not be able to get it to run from WINE: it has a garbage rating.

I would suggest installing Windows from a Virtual Machine and install it from there. That will work.


Can I use the ubuntu font in a commercial logo design?

On the Ubuntu font site, there is this file.
And you can read in the Preamble:

  This licence allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified
  and redistributed freely. The fonts, including any derivative works,
  can be bundled, embedded, and redistributed provided the terms of this
  licence are met. The fonts and derivatives, however, cannot be
  released under any other licence. The requirement for fonts to remain
  under this licence does not require any document created using the
  fonts or their derivatives to be published under this licence, as long
  as the primary purpose of the document is not to be a vehicle for the
  distribution of the fonts.


No wifi or ethernet connection after installing 14.04

try this , it will solve your eth0 problem:

echo on | sudo tee /sys/class/net/eth0/device/power/control

and for wifi if you are shown b43 firmware not installed on start on your Ubuntu try this :

sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

and if any other firmware is missing try opening that site


Libreoffice Writer - how to tell which image format I embedded?

An .odt file happens to also be simply a zipfile. You can open it in Archive Manager.
Look in the zipfile's "Pictures" folder (NOT the Pictures directory in your /home dir).
Here's an example of opening a .odt file in Archive Manager, and navigating to the Pictures subfolder. You can see that the image's original filename has been changed to a UUID-filename for the document's internal use, but the image type and size are clearly stated:


Sign out of Ubuntu single sign-on account in software center reviews

From what I'm reading in the Software Center Specifications, and from what I'm seeing as I'm exploring the Ubuntu Software Center on Natty (11.04), the answer is "No".


Triple Boot Ubuntu using Clover (Windows 10, MacOS & Ubuntu)

If anyone has the same requirements as me and wants to triple boot, watch this fantastic video
Here is a short summary of the steps:

Install MacOS and Windows 10 in UEFI mode (seek help elsewhere with this if needed)

Download Ubuntu desktop

Use Rufus to write the iso to a USB key

Select the correct USB device if more than one is plugged in
Set partition scheme to GPT (as we are using UEFI)
Choose Create a bootable disk using iso and select the iso you downloaded

When done, reboot with the USB key plugged in. If your system has an nvidia graphics card you may have problems, If so, move the cursor to Install Ubuntu and press E to enter the GRUB editor. Go to the line beginning linux and press N or move the cursor to go to the end of the line. Here add the parameter nouveau.modeset=0 and press F10 to boot.
If you prefer, you can disconnect the drives Windows and MacOS are installed on to be totally sure you are not going to overwrite them.

Go through the installation process:

Connect to the internet if possible
Select the option to install 3rd party drivers
If you have multiple disk drives and want to install Ubuntu on an empty drive, select Erase the disk and install Ubuntu. In the dialog, be very sure to select the correct drive. An empty drive will have no partitions, but the installer will show partitions on Windows and MacOS drives. You can also disconnect your Windows and MacOS drives if you want to.
Confirm write changes to disk, set up you user account, wait for the installation to finish, remove the USB key, and reboot

Enter the BIOS/UEFI settings and use trial and error to determine which of the boot options is Clover (the option may not have a helpful name)
Inside Clover, you won't see any Linux partitions, so boot into MacOS to fix that

Configure Clover to recognise Linux partitions

Go to the Clover Configurator (you may need to install it)
Select Mount EFI partition and, by trial and error, find the EFI partition and click the import button
Click on config.plist
In the left sidebar, click GUI
In the Scan section check the box for Linux

Reboot and you should see Linux in Clover.

For nvidia cards

Access the GRUB menu after selecting Linux in Clover and press E to enter the GRUB editor. Move the cursor to the line beginning linux and replace quiet splash with nomodeset. Press F10 to boot.
Go to Software & Updates > Other Software > Additional Drivers and choose use Nvidia binary driver


Will Ubuntu 11.04 run on a 1.60 GHz Atom 230?

Check out this question.

The short answer is that your system should run any version of Ubuntu without problems.

Furthermore, you can improve performance by running a lightweight derivative Ubuntu (as explained there) instead of an old version.

While 11.04 will run, it's end-of-life--you should use a version of Ubuntu that's currently suported. You'll probably want a version that will be supported for more than a few more months, so your options are 12.04 and 12.10.


suddenly lost host routing on ubuntu server

Just like iptable rules, route rules are not saved / reloaded on reboot (meaning they don't survive reboots unless you save / reload them).

Please see this link for more details.


Use following commands :

# apt-get purge dbus

After that :

# apt-get install ubuntu-desktop


Alt + Tab + arrow keys behavior changed to shift to TTY instead of move between open windows

This solved my problem:

sudo kbd_mode -s

My keyboard was in “Unicode (UTF-8) mode”. The above command will set your keyboard mode to “raw (scancode) mode”

Thanks to DK Bose


The permissions of your /tmp directory are actually

drwxrwsrwx
which is wrong.

The correct permissions for /tmp are 1777 where the first digit is the 't' (temp) bit. Change the permissions of your /tmp directory to these permissions

Or try on the terminal:

sudo chmod -s /tmp

And then run Virtualbox again

Source: https://www.virtualbox.org/ticket/3568


To answer your questions.

  Will the writing speed decrease to usb speed?

Yes, data will be distributed over all disks including the redundant part. There might be situations where only the two fast internal disks are involved, but in general a read or write would have to wait for the slowest disk to finish its operation.

  What happens if someone turn the disk off and on again during operations?

The mirror will be in degraded status when the disk is turned off. When it is turned on again, the mirror will very likely being resilvered.

  Was it a good idea overall?

My opinion is no, it wasn't a good idea.


How do I install the drivers for an ATI Radeon 9100IGP Integrated Motherboard Graphic Card?

I had this trouble and ended up removing the fglrx driver and using the open source driver. However it was not just as easy as uninstalling the fglrx file.

Here is how to do it easily and correctly. It will clean pretty much all of the fglrx info out of your pc and reinstall the open source drivers for you

Open a terminal and type

sudo /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh

this may or may not be on your pc

sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx

This as you will see, get rid of pretty much all fglrx material on your machine

sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-radeon

This will if you have installed it prior to installing 11.04 remove older open source drivers

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati

Installs the open source files

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core

as does this

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

Sorts it all out on your xserver which is currently blocking you getting into Unity

If you want to be able to reinstall the fglrx drivers at a later point (I have done before) you will need to reinstall the thing which prompted you to install them last time which is done by:

sudo apt-get install fglrx-modaliases

Now you will need to reboot and you should be back with the option to log into Unity again

Personally on my desktop I have now stuck with the open source drivers as I am always having issues with fglrx.

Hope that works


Open swriter password protected file from command line?

You can't directly do this, although there is an enhancement-tagged request on the LibreOffice bug tracker for this feature, and it is as-yet unimplemented

In the meanwhile, you can do this by running a macro with the loadComponentFromURL function with the Password  property passed into it. Documentation to do this is present on their website.

The macro then created can be run by using:

soffice filename macro:///path/to/macro


How to launch a Chromium app from the terminal?

You can know the location of chrome app from "alacarte" menu.
Here is the example for launching "chrome dev editor"

Now then paste the command(location) on terminal


You can add WebUpd8's PPA at https://launchpad.net/~nilarimogard/+archive/ubuntu/webupd8, which provides Audacious 3.7.2 (and plugins too) for Ubuntu 16.04:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade


You should be able to use the Bash star(*) wildcard, as referenced in the Bash manpage:

* Matches any string, including the null string. When the globstar shell option is enabled, and * is used in a pathname expansion context, two adjacent *s used as a single pattern will match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. If followed by a /, two adjacent *s will match only directories and subdirectories.

In your case:
/etc/init.d/php*-fpm restart

or perhaps
/etc/init.d/php*-fpm* restart

to account for the version number being after the fpm.


Dual boot problem, Window 7 and ubuntu 12.04 while installing

If your wish is to install Ubuntu along side Win-7, but don't want to make Dual Boot then try with WUBI (Windows UBuntu Installer). You will find it inside ISO file OR you can download it online too.it's an executable file, you can directly run inside Windows. For WUBI installation you will need 30GB separate partition, other installation WUBI will do itself only. It will make UBUNTU entry in NTLDR (Antive Boot Loader of Windows which stores info inside "boot.ini" file, you can say it is like grub.cfg file of ubuntu.)
To install as Dual Boot which will insatll GRUB in replace of NTLDR, you must have made a partition, Try option "Something Else" and set your mount point "/"(root) on selected partition  on which you wish to install Ubuntu.


Why am I unable to connect to my ec2 instance with Juju?

The general issue is that takes a minute immediately after bootstrapping before the instance is fully setup.

In the ppa/trunk this has been made a bit more automatic by having the commands after the bootstrap automatically poll/wait the instance till they can proceed.


If you can use identify tool from imagemagick, you can pass a -format string to only print the needed information:

Install imagemagick if necessary:

sudo apt-get install imagemagick

Then run:

find . -type f -exec identify -format "%i: %P\n" {} \; 2>/dev/null

(or + instead of \; which will be faster but will print at the end only).

If you have a lot of non-image files matching your find, you might want to filter these first because file will be faster than identify:

find . -type f -exec sh -c 'file "$1" | grep -q image' find-sh {} \; -exec identify -format '%i: %P\n' {} \;

Note, that file might filter some file formats it doesn't know about, that identify could do, e.g. RAW images.


The software responsible for this is fwupd

Introduction
fwupd is a simple daemon to allow session software to update device firmware on your local machine. It's designed for desktops, but this project is also usable on phones, tablets and on headless servers. You can either use a GUI software manager like GNOME Software to view and apply updates, the command-line tool or the system D-Bus interface directly.

The command for it is fwupdmgr.  The command it self shows this "usage" (so it IS available on a 16.04 install)
Usage:
  fwupdmgr [OPTION...]

  clear-results           Clears the results from the last update
  dump-rom                Dump the ROM checksum
  get-details             Gets details about a firmware file
  get-devices             Get all devices that support firmware updates

  get-results             Gets the results from the last update
  get-updates             Gets the list of updates for connected hardware
  install                 Install a firmware file on this hardware
  install-prepared        Install prepared updates now
  refresh                 Refresh metadata from remote server
  unlock                  Unlocks the device for firmware access
  update                  Updates all firmware to latest versions available
  verify                  Gets the cryptographic hash of the dumped firmware
  verify-update           Update the stored metadata with current ROM contents

Help Options:
  -h, --help            Show help options

Application Options:
  -v, --verbose         Show extra debugging information
  --offline             Perform the installation offline where possible
  --allow-reinstall     Allow re-installing existing firmware versions
  --allow-older         Allow downgrading firmware versions

Now for a problem: there is a devices list  and the official one is short, very short and incomplete.

Devices using LVFS for firmware updates
This list shows all the updates that have been pushed to the stable metadata. This is a very incomplete list as a lot of the devices in the LVFS have not yet been released publicly and the firmware updates are in a secret embargoed state.
This list is automatically generated and will be updated when new firmware is added or devices are released to the public.
Dell Inc.

XPS 15 9550/Precision 5510 System Update
Edge Gateway 5000/5100 System Update
OptiPlex 7440 AIO System Update
XPS 13 9350 System Update

Hughski Limited

ColorHugALS
ColorHug
ColorHug2


Ubuntu 16.04.5 USB wifi Adapter: 0bda:b812 not working

Found the solution:

https://github.com/cilynx/rtl88x2BU_WiFi_linux_v5.2.4.4_26334.20180126_COEX20171012-5044

did as instructed and works like a charm!! :D


must boot under rEFInd sub option vmlinuz

First, GRUB is just one of several boot loaders for Linux. You can swap it out in favor of something else if you like; it is not required, although it is the default boot loader for Ubuntu. For EFI-based systems, see this page of mine, which describes several EFI-mode boot loaders, as well as related information. rEFInd is a boot manager, which means it shows boot options, but it is not technically a boot loader. The way you had been booting used rEFInd and the EFI stub boot loader, which enables the kernel to act as its own boot loader. This is a perfectly workable method of booting Ubuntu. In sum: Installing GRUB was unnecessary for you.

Second, the rEFInd sub-menu with the four options you note enable you to launch two kernels, each with two sets of options (minimal and single-user). One of your kernels was not working, probably because you hadn't installed necessary proprietary video drivers for it. You could easily boot with the older kernel that did work. In Ubuntu, you could type sudo touch /boot/vmlinuz-4.2.0-16-generic.efi.signed (if that's the kernel that workd), which should make it the default option. In theory, installing a new kernel should install the necessary video drivers for it, but it sounds like that didn't work for you for some reason; or maybe the drivers for the new kernel were buggy. The question and answers you referenced (here) fixed the video driver issue for you. Installing GRUB was not necessary, and might or might not be preferable or create new problems.

If GRUB is currently your default boot manager and you want to go back to rEFInd, you can re-install rEFInd in whatever way you did before; or you can run the new refind-mkdefault script. This script is not yet part of rEFInd, but will be included in the next release. In the meantime, you can download it (click the "download this file" link) and type sudo python3 /path/to/refind-mkdefault to run it, changing /path/to to the appropriate path.

If you prefer rEFInd but want the purple Ubuntu splash screen, you can run the mkrlconf script that comes with rEFInd (run it in Ubuntu), then edit the /boot/refind_linux.conf file to add quiet splash to the boot options for your default boot (if those options aren't already present).


Printer menu different between 2 ubuntu 12.10

The problem was due to ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3. I got it back to normal by running :

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3

Found the answer in this post.


Add a backslash \ at the end of each line and press Enter. At the last line press Enter (without including a backslash obviously).


How do I get my pc to add my AV receiver to it so I can use it for sound ouput?

Does the TV support sound? Check if you can get sound out with the TV disconnected from the AV Receiver.

While my setup is a bit different (Computer:HDMI --> AV Reciever:HDMI --> TV:DVI) I've learned that the EDID the PC saw was that of the TV. As the TV had DVI and not HDMI, the PC didn't think sound was supported and only sent video. Thanks to the drivers not having an override function (nVidia, Windows) I had to create a custom cable between the AV and TV that blocked the EDID of the TV. Thus the EDID of the AV was instead sent to the Computer and I got my sound and video.

(The cable was a 6" HDMI with its data lines cut :P its a good SONY AV reciever, so the computer still allows HDCP playback! but YMMV)


Evolution Error: Cannot communicate securely with peer: no common encryption algorithm(s)

This is a known bug. A fix is in the works. If it is urgent, you can enable the -proposed branch of the repositories (see How do I add the "proposed" repository?) and install the test version of Evolution uploaded (which contains the fix). Or you could wait a few days for the tested version to be released in other channels.


Drop packets per ip if more than a threshold of hits from the ip is reached

Okay, I was able to find an answer to my question and I'm sharing this here for others to benefit from (even though the number of views doesn't say so :) ).

My solution utilizes iptables and fail2ban to solve the issue in question.

Get your firewall up and running. Don't forget to open the ports required by freeswitch to carry out successful VoIP operations:

firewall-cmd --add-port=5080-5081/tcp --add-port=5060-5061/tcp --add-port=5066/tcp --add-port=8080-8082/tcp --add-port=7443/tcp --add-port=16384-32768/udp

This step alone filters out lots of attacks as most of them are over udp on the tcp-expected ports.

Ask iptables to store the tcp connections related info when connecting to the signaling ports:

iptables -I INPUT 5 -i eth0 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 5080,5081,5060,5061,7443,5066,8080:8082 -m recent --set --name FREESWITCH_BADGUY -j ACCEP
iptables -I INPUT 5 -i eth0 -p tcp -m recent --update --hitcount 1 --seconds 120 --name FREESWITCH_BADGUY -j LOG --log-prefix "FREESWITCH BAD: " --log-level info

Note the index/order 5 in the INPUT chain. I used 5 because it was just before the rules to accept connections on the listed ports (from the commands in the first step). So, you should put them anywhere before the rules from the first step but after the fail2ban ssh rules.

Create a new fail2ban filter at /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/freeswitch-customized.conf:

[Definition]

failregex = FREESWITCH BAD.*SRC=<HOST>

ignoreregex =

Add the following to /etc/fail2ban/jail.local: (Change the logpath to the system log file. Mine was /var/log/messages. But it can be in your case, for example, /var/log/syslog).

[freeswitch-customized]

enabled = true
port = 5060,5061,5080,5081,7443,5066
logpath = /var/log/messages
filter = freeswitch-customzied

Restart fail2ban:

systemctl restart fail2ban

This worked for me.


Horizontal lines with Samsung series 9/Intel Ivy Bridge

As per my comment above, it seems this is a known problem with some Samsung machines, that manifests on multiple Linux distros. No explanation has been forthcoming.

It can be worked around with the nomodeset or noacpi boot options, although that limits the operation of the machine, and usually disables the screen backlight.

The only known "solution" is upgrading to 3.10 rc5 kernel, although no-one seems to know what change fixes it. This fix worked for me, and according the bug reports below, for most other users.

https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=64332

https://01.org/linuxgraphics/node/84


HP Laserjet 1020 loses its configuration after every reboot

I think it has something to do with not retaining the firmware when it comes back from boot. I've saw some remedies, but they make my head hurt.

I've had your problem with many linux distros on multiple computers with the hp-1020 printer. I've tried a lot of things over time with no luck. Then I discovered purging the printer drivers in terminal with the lines below  (this is on linux mint 17.1, don't know if the drivers are same on Ubuntu. Do this method at your own risk.)

sudo apt-get --purge remove printer-driver-foo2zjs-common
sudo apt-get --purge remove printer-driver-foo2zjs

Then afterwards in terminal use sudo hp-doctor to put back everything purged (use the a option to install all when it gets to the point of asking).

If hp-doctor stops at some point because it can't see the printer. It will say cut printer on and run hp-doctor again. At that point cut printer on if off, or if it's already on like mine was, then cut it off then on again and re-run hp-doctor

If you're lucky, the doctor won't have any complaints the second time and printer will continue to work after every reboot. Mine did.


Permission denied error while installing MATLAB 2017 a on ubuntu16.4

You have to set the execute permission bit to allow execution of the file. Try running chmod +x install in the terminal before executing the installer.


Running a GUI application on windows from an ubuntu server

Do you have X11 installed on the clients?

For Windows, install XMing on the Windows client.

For OS X, install XQuartz on the OS X client.


Failed to execute child process /snap/bin/jenkins (No such file or directory)

First download package repository of Jenkins:

wget -q -O - https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io.key | sudo apt-key add -

Then add the following entry in your /etc/apt/sources.list:

deb https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/

Update your local package index, then finally install Jenkins:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jenkins

note: You will need to explicitly install a Java runtime environment, because Jenkins does not work with Java 9
2.54 (2017-04) and newer: Java 8
1.612 (2015-05) and newer: Java 7


Problem While Upgrading Modem Manager Ubuntu 12.04

It doesn't need to install Modem manager from sources which are difficult to install. Modem Manager is in Ubuntu Repository . Run this command to install :

sudo apt-get install modemmanager modem-manager-gui

If you need to upgrade Modem Manager, run:

sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install modemmanager

Or you can Download the latest version from www.updatesubuntu.org and install the .deb file.

sudo dpkg -i [FILENAME]

** Or right click on the file and select Open with Software Center or Open with Gdebi Package Installer.


Should I add HWE kernel to the Ubuntu server manual installation (not from a hosting provider)?

Hardware Enablement (HWE)

Should you use the HWE Kernel in a VM? I wouldn't bother. Unless, for example, you want some feature in the kernel that has received an update and won't be backported to the regular kernel. An example might be some new BTRFS code. The other thing remember is that up-to-date virtio modules already come with the regular kernel, so again it's not important to a vm.

Should I use the HWE Kernel on bare metal? Well, if it's new hardware (hardware released after the release of a kernel), you might not have a choice and you'll need to use it. For 10yr old hardware, just the regular will do fine.

Should I use the HWE Kerrnel on my VM when I passthrough hardware? Wow, now ya taking. An example might be that you just bought a new NVMe card and a new Radeon RX500 and you've passed through the hardware directly to the VM. In this case you will want to run the newer kernel.

I'd like to point out that there won't be any noticeable performance increases for a newer kernel. Not unless it's a bug-fix to a really serious performance issue, and I've only see things like that for Radeon cards and gaming.

Speaking of performance. Don't estimate, but instead use the phoronix-test-suite, it's freakin awesome. Cheers.

Here's another question that addresses 'What is hardware enablement?'
What is hardware enablement (HWE)?


18.04 file manager preview thumbnail size

Try going into the folder that contains the pictures, then zoom in (CTRL + Scroll Wheel). This will hopefully enlargen the files’ thumbnails.


MODSIGN: Couldn't get size: 0x800000000000000e Couldn't get UEFI db list

I ran into the same problem on an empty disk. At first I thought the software didn't recognize my M.2 SSD, but it was completely different. I managed to get the live system running. Then I created an ESP partition, an ext4 partition and separate /home partition with GParted. With another live CD, Super Grub2 Disk, I installed grub. After that I retried again with Ubuntu 18.04 bootable media. I got some kind of command line interface, added  the nomodeset kernel boot option at the end of "Linux", pressed F10 to continue, and off it went. It seems to be a known bug in Ubiquity. Nevertheless, 20 minutes later I was up and running.


What is the difference between -exec with '{}' ';' and -exec with {} /;?

Your shell may assign the sequence {} a special meaning (depending on the type of shell and even if you are inside a shell script or not). To avoid this, you may either enclose it in quotes '{}' or escape it like so: \{\} (you need to use a backslash \ instead of a forward slash / like you did in your question).

Also note that the usual error message if you do it wrong (for instance, if you use ; instead of \;) is:

find: missing argument to -exec

See also the corresponding section in find's manpage.


I found that a kernel update killed my sound on Ubuntu 16.04 and Dell XPS. I tried everything, including a BIOS update from Dell, but it was only temporary.  I received a new kernel update today (Linux 4.4.0.130), which seems to have fixed the problem.


ap-hotspot not working after update to 15.04 (64 bit)

Try to install older version of hostapd. I have on ubuntu 15.04 hostapd v1.0 and ap-hotspot v0.3-1 from webupd8 ppa. There is instruction how to do this.

https://askubuntu.com/a/453889/316028


How to restore empty `/etc/initramfs-tools/modules` file?

The file /etc/initramfs-tools/modules is used to include modules in initramfs. This file has some lines which are commented out by default. That might means this file is effectively empty.

I am posting the default content of that file here. You may want to copy it and paste it in your files with a text editor and root privilege. To open the file with root power use sudo gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/modules command.

# List of modules that you want to include in your initramfs.
# They will be loaded at boot time in the order below.
#
# Syntax:  module_name [args ...]
#
# You must run update-initramfs(8) to effect this change.
#
# Examples:
#
# raid1
# sd_mod

If you add any modules name there, you need to run sudo update-initramfs -u command to update your currently used initramfs files.

I hope this helped you!


Well yes, normally Ubuntu should be at the smaller side. However it normally shows the OS so that you can differentiate.


How do I get the Netgear N150 USB wifi adapter working on 12.04?

Try installing the latest driver from Realtek, released on July 4, 2012:

Download it from the website here:

Extract the zip file to your Downloads folder.
Open a terminal with Ctrl-Alt-T, and type/paste the following, line by line:

sudo apt-get install build-essential -y
cd Downloads/rtl8712_8188_8191_8192SU_usb_linux_v2.6.6.0.20120405
sudo ./install.sh

That should build and install the latest driver -- may take a few minutes. Then reboot, and see if it's any better.


Why does compiz crash? (Ubuntu 12.10 under virtualbox)

To be able to run Unity in Ubuntu 12.10 we need to enable 3D acceleration in Virtual Box. This is done by both, providing 3D acceleration in the VM settings, and by installing the virtual graphics driver provided with the Guest Additions.

The normal procedure to install the guest additions will not work as we won't have a graphical desktop. We therefore will have to boot Ubuntu into a terminal shell.

Please see the following questions on a how to do this:

How do I install Guest Additions in a VirtualBox VM?
How do I boot into a root shell?


Gnuplot plotting of size polydisperse data file

This answer assumes that you have installed gnuplot correctly. If that is so, then the question maybe is off-topic.

To plot the datafile using the 1st column as the x-axis and the 2nd
column as the y-axis, you can use

gnuplot > plot “file.dat” using 1:2.

In general for m-th column as your x-axis and n-th column as the y-axis, use

gnuplot > plot "file.dat" using m:n

A quick guide can be found here.


This is already done for you by bash history. Its stored in .bash_history in your home dir


Are there still plans for a new sound theme?

There will be a new startup sound for 12.04, chosen from one of the 4 finalists. Listen to them here and fill out this survey to help decide the new startup sound for Ubuntu 12.04.


How to provide second monitors resolution to application?

What you're trying to do is not possible with TwinView.

TwinView works by adding a fake display mode with the combined resolution to the primary display. For example, if you have two 1024x768 monitors, the driver tells the OS that there is only one screen with the resolutions of the primary display and an additional, fake 2048x768 mode. When you select this mode, the OS thinks it has a single 2048x768 screen, and the driver takes care of sending portions of the image to the correct displays. This means you don't need any special support from applications, but you also e.g. can't fullscreen an application only on one of the displays - the apps will all think there is only a single 2048x768 display.

The solution is to disable TwinView and use a driver which has XRandR support. This is present in the Nvidia driver since version 302. Use Ubuntu's Displays panel to configure the displays through XRandR (in 12.04 and later, click on the power button in the top right and select "Displays...").


Your desktop system is an UEFI system and your laptop is not (as I can safely assume as it was running Vista), therefore the laptop does not know how to boot this UEFI HD.

You basically two options:

buy an UEFI-compatible Laptop of the same brand as the laptop (otherwise the two systems will still not be compatible)
Turn off UEFI Warning: this will mean that you have to re-install the Desktop completely with all it's OSes, applications and data.

Why? UEFI is not as Universal as the name implies for us end-users as we would wish.  All vendors use this to lock in customers and take away your freedom, instead of giving you more. (Just like they did with he BIOS, which is different on all computers)


Cannot Get Broadcom bcm43142 Wifi Adapter to Work on Toshiba Satellite (Ubuntu 18.04)

The broadcom open source driver appears to be unsigned and is thus blocked by the UEFI secure boot process. Try disable secure boot in the bios and try again.


What is the difference between Ubuntu and Debian server?

Some of the differences:

Debian uses SystemV style init, and inittab;
Ubuntu uses Upstart
Debian has root account enabled by default, but can be configured to use sudo;
Ubuntu uses sudo and has no root account enabled
Debian has a release cycle not predefined;
Ubuntu has a release cycle of six months (two years for LTS)
Debian has a rolling unstable release, called sid;
Ubuntu has nothing similar
Debian has a testing release that is destined to become the next stable;
Ubuntu has a development release, initially based on sid that becomes the stable
Debian uses gnome2/metacity by default;
Ubuntu uses gnome2/compiz+unity by default;
Debian is released for several architectures (more than every other distro);
Ubuntu essentially only for x86, ARM and amd64

this is what comes to my mind, something might be inexact or wrong, and I might have missed something big. I wait to see other answers.

Edit

missed the word "server" in the title:
Debian has not a server version, you get a so called server not installing a desktop environment.


Can I make my software go back to Google Chrome?

Check out this How to Easily Install Ubuntu on Chromebook with Crouton .

Personally I feel that you should get XFCE, as its lighter, unlike Unity and KDE.


I did as suggested and reinstalled Ubuntu Mate 16.04.3, after downloading it again. The user handling is now ok. The problem with the groups is also simple: Linux doesn't like capital letters here, something with regular expressions, which I newer cared about, and neither had time to. i simply follow that rule from now on (I think some will say bad argument. I am aware. but if I have to learn all Linux at once, I can't produce anything, and I am front-end programmer, not admin, even if I have to).

Thanks for the advices. It is not quite clear to me how it can work handling users when the files are read only. That was the problem in the beginning. But as for now I see the case as solved, thanks again.


moving the file from one folder to another folder

Provided there are no duplicate file names, the following is a simple script that will do what you want:

#!/bin/bash
ls <path-to-data-folder> >> <path-to-filenames.txt>
mv <path-to-data-folder>/* <path-to-log-folder>

Plug-in the actual path to your folders/files.
Save it as move.sh, make it executable by chmod +x <path-to-move.sh> and run it.

To run it on clicking, first right click on move.sh click properties and then go to permission tab and click on "Allow executing file as program" as shown below:

Close it and then go to Edit -> Preferences->Behaviour in nautilus and click on "Run executable text files when they are opened" as shown below:

Close it.

Now if you can run the script by just double-clicking on move.sh.


The easiest way is probably to launch Ubuntu from a live usb, download boot-repair and let it reinstall grub.


How to show the day of the week on the desktop date with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

To show the weekday in addition to the date and time in Ubuntu 20.04, use the command line tool called "gsettings".
It's a good idea to view your current settings first. So open the terminal and run this command:
gsettings list-recursively org.gnome.desktop.interface

It will return various Gnome interface settings, and the one you are interested in is "clock-show-weekday" (with the value "false").
Set the "clock-show-weekday" to "true" by running this command:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface clock-show-weekday true

Once you hit Enter, you will will see the weekday displayed with the weekdays shown.


The development at Getting things GNOME is continuing?

Yes it's still in development they even have a Google summer Of Code roadmap for this year (2011).  Link to their Google Summer of Code


iexplorer under wine is missing wine-gecko

It took some Googling but I finally was able to solve this issue:

Download the *.tar.bz2 with the latest version as listed under https://wiki.winehq.org/Gecko
Uncompress the contents somewhere
Move the uncompressed folder to /usr/share/wine renaming it gecko
To be clear on point 3: mv /path/to/umcompressed/folder /usr/share/wine/gecko

I've also read some pages that say that when you create a new prefix wine asks if you want to download gecko (and maybe mono, not sure), but I've added prefixes manually and with winetricks and never got asked to download wine-gecko.
EDIT
I've now realized that this worked on a machine that had wine installed since Ubuntu 19.04 or older but not with a fresh install of Ubuntu 20.10.
I'm still baffled at how this even worked in that one machine.
The answer provided by @FedonKadifeli is the accurate way to do it.
That is:

Download the *.msi files from https://wiki.winehq.org/Gecko
Run wine msiexec /i wine-gecko-{version}-{arch}.msi


You can find all about the various options at:

https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/config-txt/video.md

In particular, you should be able to resolve your issues using the section on overscan.

HOWEVER, as you have already discovered, in Ubuntu there is no config.txt file /boot.

Instead, you should make the changes to usercfg.txt in /boot/firmware/


Title and menu bar only works with sudo in Ubuntu 14.04

Well, finally i solved it.
I noticed that most applications don't have a context menu for their menu bar items (right-clicking into a menu option won't do anything)
Firefox, on the contrary, allows you to right click a bookmark and open it in a new tab, for example.

So i created a script just for firefox, which changes your user to another proxy user, and afterwards executes firefox with that user.
I needed to add a command line for setting permissions into X for that user.

The script which executes firefox is :

xhost +local:
su - anotheruser
firefox

This way, it will prompt you for a password, afterwards it will execute firefox with that proxy user.

This makes firefox let you right-click your bookmarks thus making it great again!

EDIT:
Seems my firefox was somehow broken (not profiles, but firefox)
Installing another firefox in another location, even the same version, fixed my lack-of-menu problem)

Icecat works OK also

Other versions of firefox (i.e. older, newer) works OK too. It was that my firefox was somehow broken.


You can modify the sudoers file (using visudo) and use the "NOPASSWD" option to not prompt for a password. From, here page; e.g. man sudoers and searching for NOPASSWD -

  NOPASSWD and PASSWD

  By default, sudo requires that a user authenticate him or herself before running a command. This behavior can be modified via the NOPASSWD tag. Like a Runas_Spec, the NOPASSWD tag sets a default for the commands that follow it in the Cmnd_Spec_List. Conversely, the PASSWD tag can be used to reverse things. For example:

ray     rushmore = NOPASSWD: /bin/kill, /bin/ls, /usr/bin/lprm

  would allow the user ray to run /bin/kill, /bin/ls, and /usr/bin/lprm as root on the machine rushmore without authenticating himself. If we only want ray to be able to run /bin/kill without a password the entry would be:

ray     rushmore = NOPASSWD: /bin/kill, PASSWD: /bin/ls, /usr/bin/lprm

  Note, however, that the PASSWD tag has no effect on users who are in the group specified by the exempt_group option.

  By default, if the NOPASSWD tag is applied to any of the entries for a user on the current host, he or she will be able to run ''sudo -l'' without a password. Additionally, a user may only run ''sudo -v'' without a password if the NOPASSWD tag is present for all a user's entries that pertain to the current host. This behavior may be overridden via the verifypw and listpw options.


Here is solution. I believe, it can help.


How do I format my ubuntu partition(ext4) and keep my windows partition?

Windows does not detect ext4.

True but it does detect partitions that are not Windows' fat or ntfs.
So you can delete the Ubuntu partition from within Windows with a partitioner. No idea what the name is but I do recall Partition Magic from my Windows days.

You can also do this from a Ubuntu live cd with gparted.

  also don't want it booting into GRUB

Have a look at the Windows tool fixmbr


extract special values in an output files into a single file

If you know that all the files are somewhere below your home directory you could do:

grep -R '^mass is' $HOME | sed 's/.*mass is //' >> $HOME/results.dat

If the files are elsewhere in some folder tree replace the first part by

grep -R '^mass is' some_folder | sed ....


How do I create a Script to open a new terminal and execute a command?

cd is a shell builtin command - you can't execute it directly in a terminal, it needs a shell.

So for example

gnome-terminal -- sh -c 'cd Server && ./start.sh'

(you may need to give an absolute /path/to/Server depending on where you are running the command from).


Is it 'safe' and easy to update Ubuntu running on a USB?

Update Ubuntu USB
An Ubuntu persistent USB saves all changes in a persistent file or partition, named "writable" or "casper-rw" and optional "home-rw".
Persistent files on FAT32 partitions are limited to 4GB, persistent partitions are limited only by disk size.
A full persistence file or partition will prevent a persistent USB from booting. An update or two will fill a 4GB file.
A full install stores data on an ext partition that does not limit size, a /home partition is optional.
Differences between Persistent installs and Full installs are shown here:
Running live usb on 2 different PC's
A Full install to USB is not much different than an install to Desktop or Laptop, updating is fine.
To confirm a Full install, look in the folder filesystem/cdrom, this is the root folder for a Live or Persistent drive. If there is nothing there, you have a Full install.


gksudo waits for a few seconds after execution

By default, the Root account password is locked in Ubuntu. This means that you cannot login as Root directly or use the su command to become the Root user. However, since the Root account physically exists it is still possible to run programs with root-level privileges. This is where sudo comes in - it allows authorised users (normally "Administrative" users; for further information please refer to AddUsersHowto) to run certain programs as Root without having to know the root password.

This means that in the terminal you should use sudo for commands that require root privileges; simply prepend sudo to all the commands you would normally run as Root.

Basically boils down to this:

Use gksudo=GUI applications

Use sudo=CLI applications


How do I get the Broadcom STA wireless driver to load in Ubuntu 12.04? This is on an Inspiron 1721

If you can connect to the internet using eternet cable, the try this command:

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

A restart will be required after installation.


Recognized but no sound with Asus Xonar SE in Ubuntu 19.04

Solving the problem is Step 3

/etc/asound.conf is default
Add "CardName" X to the /usr/share/alsa/cards/USB-Audio.conf file.

'CardName' is 'Xonar SoundCard' and I found out it with aplay -l.
I found out 'X' with aplay -D plughw:CARD=SoundCard,DEV=X something.wav. The S/PDIF interface of the Xonar SE card with the CM6620A chip is the third (DEV=2)


How to extend the Size of my Ubuntu Partition

I think you should better be careful about the following:

If you really need to shrink the Windows (7/8) operating system
partition, try and do this operation using its own Disk Management
Tool in order to avoid Windows booting problems.
It seems you have a number of (max. 4) Primary Partitions, at least
1 of which is an Extended Partition, which in turn includes any
number of Logical Partitions, and this makes the things a little
more complicated if any one of the partitions you want to
shrink/expand is inside such an Extended Partition while the other
is outside. In such a case, you should carefully look at the order
of partitions in GParted to make sure that you create the
Unallocated Space at the correct end and then and move it at the
correct direction so that you can follow the correct route to get
into and out of the Extended Partition and then to join with the
other (Primary) partition or vice versa.


Is UBUNTU ready for the surge of (possible) new users?

We already are 20.000.000 strong so Ubuntu is already ready. And we welcome any XP user!

But you need to improve your search skills ;-) Besides that the Ubuntu website is not the place to do this because IF anyone shows up there they already know about Ubuntu. Canonical is targeting larger crowds by directly contacting them and offering support and knowledge in setting up a transition from any operating system to Ubuntu.
Just 2 links from the Ubuntu websites (more here and here):

http://www.ubuntu.com/products/casestudies/french-national-police-force-saves-2-million-year-ubuntu

French National Police Force saves €2 million a year with Ubuntu
La Gendarmerie Nationale upgrades 85,000 PCs to Ubuntu Desktop Edition
La Gendarmerie Nationale’s IT team must ensure that the police force can provide a responsive and cost-effective service nationwide. With growing IT infrastructure costs, the organisation decided to review its existing Microsoft-based environment. After switching from Microsoft Office to OpenOffice.org and Internet Explorer to Firefox, the police force decided to upgrade 85,000 PCs to Ubuntu Desktop Edition, removing its reliance on the Microsoft operating system almost completely. As well as simplifying maintenance and improving ease of use, Ubuntu Desktop Edition is saving the police force €2 million a year in licence fees alone. By repurposing 4,500 machines to act as local servers, it has also dramatically reduced its hardware expenditure.

http://www.canonical.com/about-canonical/resources/case-studies/andalusia-deploys-220000-ubuntu-desktops-schools-throughout-r

The Andalusian Regional Government, Spain, wanted to improve access to IT in schools throughout the region. It asked IT services company infrastructure to connect 2,000 schools in Andalusia. Isotrol implemented 220,000 Ubuntu-based workstations in more than 2,000 schools throughout the region. Now, technology plays an integral role in delivering a more dynamic learning experience in schools across Andalusia. Teachers and students can share information quickly and easily, while each school receives dedicated support from a centralised support service.


finally i got the solution

sudo service apache2 stop
sudo apt-get remove --purge $APACHE_PKGS
sudo apt-get install --reinstall apache2


Chrome thinks that it is Hangouts (and now Postman??)

I ended up completely reinstalling Ubuntu (upgraded to 18.04). I know this isn't really a solution, but at least now the question can be closed.


How to fix repo forall command on Ubuntu 18.04?

Solution is do not use snap to install the repo command. Use apt instead. No idea why.


Firefox fonts changed after install ttf-mscorefonts

In my experience ttf-mscorefonts installs broken MS fonts. If I had such an issue as you report, I would go to Firefox > Edit > Prefs > Content > Fonts > Advanced and select there either the Deja Vu or the Liberation font families, both designed for on-screen display.

This should deal with the crazy fonts. If it still doesn't work, you may also experiment with different sizes in that dialogue.

Also see:

font looks bad in Browsers (Firefox and Chrome)
Can I override fonts installed by ttf-mscorefonts-installer, prefer Liberation fonts?
Fonts look strange in firefox


Sound settings in 11.10

The Volume Control applet should still be there. In Unity it will be found in the top right panel menu Sound Settings. You can also start the application from the command line by running

gnome-control-center sound

Adjust balance

There you will find a slider to adjust sound balance:

Command line

You can also see the channel sound volume settings from the following command

pacmd list-sinks

This will give you (amongst many additional settings) for each sink:

volume: 0:  49% 1:  49%
        0: -18,39 dB 1: -18,39 dB
        balance 0,00
base volume: 100%
             0,00 dB

Changing balance from the command line can not be done with pacmd. We need to do this with ALSA mixer:

amixer sset Master 100%,100%


You can set mouse cursor size for the user running lightdm. In my case it's root, so all I have to do:

echo "Xcursor.size: 24" >> /root/.Xdefaults

Hopefully it helps.


How to install a clock or weather application with Gnome 3.8?

Those apps haven't been installed because they are new apps in the repositories as apposed to updates. You can install them manually though.

Gnome Clocks is the package gnome-clocks and can be attained with:

sudo apt-get install gnome-clocks

Gnome Weather is the package gnome-weather and can be attained with:

sudo apt-get install gnome-weather

It probably isn't that hard to find the other new apps, if you have some idea of what they are called you can type it into apt-get install and press tab for auto-completes. For instance I found the weather app by typing:

sudo apt-get install gnome-w

and pressing tab.


18.04 will not get updated to KDE Plasma 5.13 or higher. Users of 18.04 will remain on Plasma 5.12 even with the bionic version of kubuntu-backports ppa. Currently we have 5.12.8, which is an LTS version.

If you want Plasma 5.15 (or higher), update to Kubuntu 19.04 and install the kubuntu-backports ppa. See the release notes for Kubuntu 19.04 here. Or, move to KDE neon which currently has Plasma 5.16 and is based on 18.04 (but is not supported here).


How to download images from Android to Ubuntu-PC

You can either connect your phone via USB and copy and paste from the file manager or alternativly, if both of your devices are connected to the same network, you can install airdroid on android to send your images remotely and login to airdroid through your web browser.

AirDroid

If you need any help or come across any errors, feel free to ask :)


Ubuntu lastest kernel update broke my GFX drivers

I had the same problem today. Starting the system by live cd I found out in deed that in the file /boot/grub/grub.cfg there were listed old kernels 3.19.0-16 and 3.19.0-15. I changed this to 3.19.0-26 and 3.19.0-25 and could then luckily reboot without any further problems.

Perhaps this is also the case with your system?


Try to forcely remove the roundup package,

sudo dpkg -P --force-remove-reinstreq roundup

Or

Try to move the roundup-dirs and roundup to some other location and then try the above command like,

sudo mv /etc/init.d/roundup-dirs ~/
sudo mv /etc/init.d/roundup ~/
sudo dpkg -P --force-all --force-remove-reinstreq roundup


The NCTUns is a network simulator and emulator. Each version adheres to only a selected GNU/Linux distribution of fedora (The latest NCTUns 6.0 adhering to fedora 12).