19.10: Deactivate Alt Key From Triggering Applications' Menu Bar

You can do so by modifying the XKB configuration file like so:

Edit the XKB /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc file by running the following command in the terminal:

sudo nano /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc

Find the line that contain include "altwin(meta_alt)" like so:

key <ALT>  {        [ NoSymbol, Alt_L       ]       };
include "altwin(meta_alt)"

Comment it out by adding // before it like so:

key <ALT>  {        [ NoSymbol, Alt_L       ]       };
// include "altwin(meta_alt)"

Save the file and exit the editor by pressing Ctrl + X then press Y.
Clear the XKB cache by running the following command in the terminal:

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/xkb/*

Reboot your system to activate your new XKB configuration or alternatively you can avoid the reboot and try to reload the new XKB configuration by setting an XKB map layout using the following command in the terminal:

setxkbmap -layout us

Notice:

If you choose to avoid the reboot and reload the new XKB configuration withe this command, layout switching will only be possible through the terminal and layout switching using hotkeys or the GUI will stop responding until you reboot the system.

Test your key.

This solution should disable the ALT functionality, but the physical key Alt itself will remain functional. So the key code can be detected by a utility like xev and then remapped for example to "Super Right" like so (replacing 64 with the detected key number):

xmodmap -e 'keycode 64 = Super_R'

It will then be available for use as a hot key or shortcut key exactly like ALT minus the undesired behavior.

Please refer to this answer for help


This matters how did you installed the software manually or by apt-get command
as you are with 12.04 you will not get the versions that are made after the release of 12.04 directly , I mean if you do a

sudo apt-get install

definetly you will get the version on the universe of your version(older at the time of release of 12.04).

If you need new version download the new pacakge from the website and install it manually...

https://leonard.io/blog/2012/05/installing-ruby-1-9-3-on-ubuntu-12-04-precise-pengolin/

or you can download a package from here and unpack a tar ball and then follow the instructions

https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/installation/#building-from-source


Are you using a NVIDIA card? I heard the proprietary driver has a bug, and I had the same problem as you. You could try this:

In the terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update

Then reboot, and open Software & Updates. Under Additional Drivers you will now find several NVIDIA drivers, some marked open source. Choose one of them and click on Apply Changes. Then Close and reboot. That solved it for me.


Checking filenames and folders for spelling mistakes

The command to do this would be
ls | aspell list

This will grab the names of all folders and files in the current directory, run them through a spell checker, and then list the names that have errors.
I'm going to explain this command by each part.
ls explanation
This will output the contents of the current directory which we then pass to our next command, aspell list.
aspell list explanation
This part of the command reads the output of our last command (ls) and lists all of the misspelled words.
Adding this as a custom command
You can even add this one-liner as a command if you plan on using it a lot by doing this:
First, make a new blank file (name it whatever you like, but keep in mind that this will be the command that you type when you want to use it, so name it something other than an existing command) and put the command that we did earlier in there.
echo "ls | aspell list" > YOUR_FILENAME_HERE

Then, give that file run permissions
chmod +x YOUR_FILENAME_HERE

Finally, move the script to /usr/local/bin
mv YOUR_FILENAME_HERE /usr/local/bin

Now whenever you type YOUR_FILENAME_HERE (remember that this is replaced with whatever you named the file in the beginning) in console, it will execute the commands that I mentioned earlier.


How to shrink Win10 partition to create partitions for Ubuntu?

easeus partition master is a utility available for Windows which will let you shrink your windows partition upto the free space you have in it.

It comes in free as well as paid option, for your situation free option will work

EasyUS Partition Manager

at some point you'll need to do the same in Ubuntu, that's where GParted comes in

run following command in terminal

sudo apt-get install gparted


Here are a few options you can try:

yourcommand | sed 's/.*: //' > file.dat

yourcommand | cut -d: -f2 > file.dat

yourcommand | awk -F: '{print $2}' > file.dat

yourcommand | grep -Eo '[[:xdigit:]]{2} [[:xdigit:]]{2}$' > file.dat


Using Firefox's 3D view, how do I scroll down the page?

To get to the bottom of the page in 3D view, right click and drag, to pan down.


How to add a new language definition for syntax highlighting in Gedit?

I do not know why your original julia.lang file is not working since you're not showing the source, but the one you based on matlab.lang will not work because there's no context inside <definitions> with the same id you mentioned for <language>.

Basically, you're saying the id of this language is julia, but there is no context with that id being defined. So find <context id="matlab" (line 149 of the current HEAD), and change it to julia.

A lang file is usually organized as a bunch of individual contexts for the language features being highlighted, which are then grouped in the end into a main block with the same id as the language, and references to the other contexts.


Program for Ubuntu that opens .mbf format?

I've used GnuCash before, which I've found excellent. I've never used Microsoft Money though, so I can't compare the features directly. You can import from Microsoft Money, although you'll have to export in QIF format first.

If you hate GnuCash, and really want to go back to Microsoft Money, you can always install it via Wine or a Virtual Windows machine (e.g. through VirtualBox).


I also had the same issue. To work around it, I picked the non-3D graphics option on the login screen.

On a side note, my wireless works fine after loading the STA driver.


disabling usb and dvd rom in ubuntu 14.04

edit this file blacklist.conf :

from Terminal :

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

from GUI:

press Alt+F2 then use the command

gksu gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Add now the following two lines:

# Block access to USB
blacklist usb_storage

Save the file and close it, then restart your system. Your USB ports are now disabled.
To enable USB ports, repeat the same steps and in step2, comment the "blacklist usb_storage" line as follows:

# blacklist usb_storage


If you have the font files, just open nautilus, navigate to the file and open it with font viewer. There's a button "Install font".

If you have the fonts installed in Windows, you could navigate to the Windows fonts directory and do the above procedure.


How to install a Steam game on PlayOnLinux?

You don't install the games with PlayOnLinux. You will have to install them from within Steam, as they are Steam games.


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS issue with connecting to TV via HDMI

i had the same problem.

You can fix it with an update:

sudo apt update && apt upgrade


Hardware acceleration unavailable under Chrome with proprietary fglrx driver

It might be because you don't have VDPAU (Video Decode and Presentation API for Unix) libraries installed.

Try running the following command

sudo apt-get install vdpau-va-driver libvdpau1 libvdpau-va-gl1 libva-glx1

and then restarting chrome completely (all its windows).


BackupPC: SMB share backup does not back up OneDrive folders inside the SMB share

Read this article for possible reasons. https://www.bruceb.com/2019/08/your-backup-program-is-not-backing-up-onedrive-files-but-its-okay/
TL:DR; Most backup software now completely ignores anything in folders containing "onedrive" in their name.
Also make sure the "File on demand" feature of onedrive is disabled. This will make it look like the files are there, but in reality they are not.


Wireless USB - D-Link DWA-125, constant authentication required. Ubuntu 10.10

I fixed it. Had to manually edit the connection and change the WEP Index and Authentication under the "Wireless Security" tab. I completely missed it. It's working great now.


How to treat an output of find as a string not a refrence to a file or directory

Removing the path is better done using find's -printf option:

find ~/foo/bar/ -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d -printf 'some_text/%P\n'

  %P     File's name with the name of the starting-point under which it was found removed.

To fix your sed version, do not use xargs, just pipe directly to sed like @choroba commented alrady.


Continuous scrolling with mouse thumb buttons?

Looking for the same thing (see comment). This does work, though:
.xbindkeysrc:

" ~/src/but_10.sh "
b:10

and but_10.sh:

#!/bin/bash
xte 'key Up'
sleep 0.3
while [ $(xinput --query-state 9 | grep -e "button\[10\]=down") ]
do
xte 'key Up'
sleep 0.05
done

No idea why this works, while xte 'mouseclick 4' doesn't. I'd REALLY like to get it to work that way.


put multiple matches on one line to a new line using grep

With GNU sed:

sed 's/\(.*banana.*\)\(banana.*\)/\1\n\2/' file


No Network devices available on Inspiron e1505 running ubuntu 16

You installed a wrong wireless driver that also blacklisted the Ethernet adapter. You can fix it this way.

Run

sudo apt purge bcmwl-kernel-source

Reboot.

After that the Ethernet adapter should work. Connect to the internet by wire and install firmware for your wireless adapter by

sudo apt install firmware-b43-installer


PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php/20151012/php_openssl.dll'

Dynamic link libraries (DLLs) are a Windows-specific technology and don't work on Ubuntu. Because PHP can be run on different operating systems, its configuration files contain examples for how to configure it on different operating systems:

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Dynamic Extensions ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; If you wish to have an extension loaded automatically, use the following
; syntax:
;
;   extension=modulename.extension
;
; For example, on Windows:
;
;   extension=msql.dll
;
; ... or under UNIX:
;
;   extension=msql.so
;
; ... or with a path:
;
;   extension=/path/to/extension/msql.so

Normally, the Linux build of PHP already comes with SSL support built in, in contrast to the Windows build, where you need the DLL you mentioned. But you seem to use a third-party build of PHP 7 (maybe a from PPA?), because Ubuntu 14.04 comes with PHP 5 by default. So this third-party build might handle SSL differently.


GOA: Google account unreachable using wired connection

I finally found the problem: DHCP was not set in netplan configuration file, located in /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml.

Original content was:

# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager

I added my interface enp3s0 to be dynamically assigned:

# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
    enp3s0:
      dhcp4: true

It is possible to list all interfaces using ip a command.

And then applied configuration:

sudo netplan apply

I found the information here in the official Ubuntu documentation.

Hope it could help.


How is NVIDIA Prime Render Offloading configured in Ubuntu 20.04?

Apparently the default graphics configuration in stock Ubuntu 20.04 does not properly support PRIME render offloading, but adding the "Proprietary GPU Drivers" ppa solves everything.

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
$ shutdown -r now

And everything works perfect on reboot.


Ubuntu desktop 12.04 and virtualbox - is it possible to set mobile resolution ? ( e.g. 1440x2560 )

I fixed the problem)

New xorg.conf:

Section "Device"
    Identifier "Device0"
    Driver     "vboxvideo"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier "VGA-0"
    Modeline "1440x2560_60.00"  318.00  1440 1568 1720 2000  2560 2563 2573 2651 -hsync +vsync
    Option "PreferredMode" "1440x2560_60.00"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier "Screen0"
    Device     "Device0"
    Monitor    "VGA-0"
    DefaultDepth 24
    SubSection "Display"
        Modes "1440x2560_60.00"
    EndSubSection
EndSection

Also notice that Monitor Identifier changed from "Monitor0" to "VGA-0".
If i don't use identifier "VGA-0" -> config does not work.


Use Old PPA if New PPA is Not Available for New Ubuntu Version

If a PPA was not updated in time for a new Ubuntu release you have several options:

wait until the PPA will be updated for the newer release
install the package from source
use another repository (see e.g. the official repository for sublime text)

Only if you are brave enough and confident you can manage errors and dependency issues you can try the following:

download and install a debian package for the previous release

Using a PPA designed for a previous release may lead to instabilities.


sudo ln -s /whole/path/to/script.extension /bin/weather

This will create a symlink into the /bin/ folder, which is included in everyone's PATH.  If it requires sudo to run, I recommend placing it in /sbin instead of /bin.


Can Software Center see updates from the snap version of fwupd?

I just got the answer this morning, when I booted with another Unifying receiver inserted. It works without any issues.


Firstly, remove the following from apache.conf and put it in editor.conf (it's just  good practice). When compiled, the location won't make a difference to the Virtual Host editor.

<Directory /home/kemallin/Dropbox/www/>
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

Now execute the following:

$ sudo -i
# chmod +x /home
# chmod +x /home/kemallin
# chmod +x /home/kemallin/Dropbox/
# chmod -R 755 /home/kemallin/Dropbox/www/
# a2ensite editor.conf
# service apache2 reload

You are basically giving apache permission to list all files in the tree /home/kemallin/Dropbox/ and then permissions to read files from the folder you want to serve files from.


Apache2 defaults the directory structure to /var/www/html/ folder on your hard drive.  If you want to have that file available, you would put your debs/amd64 folders in there.

It would look like this on the hard drive:

/var/www/html/debs/amd64/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

or, you could put a link there as well, by typing in

ln -s /var/www/html/debs /path/to/debs/

also, make sure that the file(s) have at least Read attributes on the files so that they can be read and downloaded

sudo chmod -R +r /path/to/debs/

Hope this helps!


Ubuntu 19.04 bonding ethernet and wireless interface

You are looking to use the Cloned MAC address feature on the Wifi interface. Set your DHCP reservation against your tethered MAC interface.

As for how you set these, it depends on how you manage your network connection.
The GNOME Network Manager presents the field for you.
Use the tethered MAC address in the Wifi Cloned MAC address field.

If you are using /etc/network/interfaces and config files, you can set the hw value there.

Example:

pre-up ifconfig <interface> hw ether xx:xx:xx:yy:yy:yy


How to get Wifi Working Properly - I am Noob

SOLUTION:

Download the Linux drivers for 8188CUS from Realtek.com.tw
Unpack the file by right clicking on the file and select "Extract Here"
You should see in that folder "install.sh"
Open a terminal window, navigate to your folder (cd /blahhh/more blahh/foldername), then type "sudo bash install.sh"
It might have an error, but still seems to work
In the terminal window type "sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf"
Go to the bottom of the file, hit enter a few times to give you some space
type "# blacklisting Realtek 8188CU native drivers" and press enter
type "blacklist rtl8192cu" and press enter
type "blacklist rtl8192c_common" and press enter
type "blacklist rtlwifi" and press enter
restart the machine

DONE!!!


Backporting all the required parts was too much work for 10.10, so an option for 10.04 is highly unlikely.

However you can install an 11.04 image onto a USB stick, which would give you an option of trying it at your convenience without breaking your 10.04:

How do I install Ubuntu to a USB key? (without using Startup Disk Creator)

You can also of course use a Live CD.


Weird behaviour of PHP SOAP Webservice on Ubuntu and apache2

Solved!

  Solution: in the Soap Webservice we were using PHP classes, PHP casted
  the webservice request (stdClass Object) to our custom classes. We
  never thought that might be a problem, course there where no errors
  thrown. But anyway, after we manually converted the stdClass objects
  in our custom objects, everything seems to work as expected. We still
  have no clue why it worked on one machine, and not on the other.
  Thanks for your Help!

-- originally posted in question by OP.


ubuntu 15 black screen after suspend think pad e440

I found this bug relating to the nvidia Version 346 drivers

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nvidia-graphics-drivers-346-updates/+bug/1454817

It seems that you might get it to work if you purge the nvidia drivers and use Nouveau driver instead or update the nvidia driver to a newer version.

The steps to do that: http://www.allaboutlinux.eu/remove-nouveau-and-install-nvidia-driver-in-ubuntu-15-04/

The info I placed below was based on an upgrade issue that I experienced and at the time I believe I completely misunderstood your issue.

I found this to be very helpful.  First you must make sure your swap is setup to save the current state onto swap and then resume.  It involves setting your fstab, grub, and initramfs files properly.  Please read the following carefully and completely.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwapFaq

Next you can follow this ubuntu help to test for and setup Hibernate:

https://help.ubuntu.com/14.04/ubuntu-help/power-hibernate.html

I am on an old dual boot Sony Vaio 64 bit VGNFW250j that initially came with Vista, currently running Win 7 and Ubuntu 15.04 with a shared Data partition between the two.  I just installed Ubuntu 15.04 my system that was not previously setup as dual boot using UBetbootin Frugal Boot method.  The first thing after Ubuntu was installed I wondered about Hibernate.  I hope this information helps you :)


Can not mount /dev/loop0 (/cdrom/casper/filesystem.squashfs)

Your computer may not have enough RAM to use the Desktop CD. Try installing with the Alternate CD

See also: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements

Also you might want to double check the CD image has downloaded properly:

Unable to mount /dev/loop0 during install


I suppose if pavucontrol gui does not start, we need fix that first. Somehow, I believe that the line you quote is just a warning about pavucontrol. does the gui show up?  That same warning appears for many GTK based programs.

The sound answer is almost always that the output device is muted or has volume O. When you attack this, think of it like a radio plugged into a stereo plugged into a tv. If any one is volume 0, no sound. Your player might send signal to a generic channel. Pavucontrol last pane options might help control. Also, you can control if jack is on.

You might be able to see this if you play song in rhythmbox. Launch pavucontrol from  terminal and look see is the sound is registered there, in output panel. You may see sound indicator but hear nothing because wrong output selected. (May send to internal device speakers, even if no speakers exist. when song is playong, sound meter line should bounce in output window. In the panels, you'll see lots of choices to turn off or on. Keep banging on it. Sometimes still I have easier time with alsa-mixer, you more easily see devices are off or volume 0. If you run alsa-mixer, gui is more primative. Muted channels say M. If is very possible your system has both alsa sound device and pulseaudio, if you hear nothing out of pulse, perhaps alsa is in charge.

Another part of problem is that different player software will send signal to different outputs. So far from your story, we dont even know for sure your player is a pulse audio device. Instead, it might be sending to alsa device.

I suppose the type of sound card matters too. If you don't find volume control fix, post again with output from lspci. That might give hint.

Write back, if you tell more, I'll remember more. Spent lots of time on it in the  old days, when sound cards were costly.  We fought this all the time. Can you imagine I paid $255 for a sound card in 2002. Of course, a computer ccost $3500 then ;)

Good luck


https://superuser.com/questions/92963/how-to-combine-merge-zip-files
You have to extract all files and rezip them.
Otherwise you just create a binary merge which is not usable by the .Zip-Applications.


Visual Studio Code 32bit will not load Ubuntu Mate 17.10.1

RESOLVED:

The issue was/is that VS Code is indeed running, but will not display in the X2Go client.  When I attached a Keyboard, Mouse and Monitor to the previously headless Linux box, I found that numerous instances of VS Code were running on that machine, but were simply NOT displaying on the client desktop.

At this point, the solution was/is to punt X2Go in favor of X11VNC.  I am not as happy with this solution, but the driving force behind it is that, for using VS Code, X11VNC works whereas X2Go does not.


How to move VLC window by clicking on video?

I don't know if this function is supported in vlc. But you could do the same by hiting ALT and then use the movie to move the vlc window.


Ubuntu Certified hardware HP MicroServer G7 N54L

It isn't on the list because it isn't certified. That's has two root causes:

HP hasn't submitted it for certification, or
It failed testing.

Most importantly, certification doesn't mean it neccessarily will or won't work. Many people run Ubuntu on the HP Microservers so I think despite the lack of certification, you plunge on and not worry about it too much.


grub-customizer can do this for you.

It can even totally hide grub from showing until you set the option back. The show menu makes it boot directly to the predefined option if you deselect it:

The delete button is greyed out but lets you remove option from grub in the 1st tab. Don't use it: hiding the menu is a lot safer.

  Installation

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer


Sort millions of text files in a folder using unix sort

The problem has nothing to do with eclipse or python. You are hitting the ARG_MAX limit, for more details see here but briefly, this is the limit of how many bytes the list of arguments to a command can be.

So, to avoid this, you need to sort in a way that does not list the files. For example:

for i in /home/viraj/NZ/NZParsed/*; do cat "$i" ; done |
    sort -k1,1 -k3,3n -k4,4n -y 1048576 > /home/viraj/NZ/SplitIndex/abcd.txt

The command above will cat each file and then pass the contents of all files through your sort command. That way, the files are never listed and you won't have the ARG_MAX problem.

Another approach would be to use find's -exec option:

find /home/viraj/NZ/NZParsed/ -type f -name '[0-9]*.txt' -exec cat {} + |
    sort -k1,1 -k3,3n -k4,4n -y 1048576 > /home/viraj/NZ/SplitIndex/abcd.txt


Update grub to remove old installations of Windows and Linux?

To remove obsolete entries from the GRUB menu open the terminal and type:

sudo update-grub

update-grub is a stub for running grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg to generate a grub2 config file. Other operating systems which have been removed from the computer will also be removed from the GRUB menu once update-grub is run as root.


New (not that much) to Linux/Ubuntu. Thinking of replacing Windows and also help regarding AMD Radeon graphics card

Ubuntu should work OK with this laptop. You can test it first by booting from LiveCD.

You can install  Catalyst Control Center and switch adapters in Ubuntu.

It is done by running in terminal

sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates

Or it can be done in GUI

System Settings -> Software & Updates -> Additional Drivers

But you will have to switch adapters manually.

Windows games will not run well on Ubuntu. Some of them will run using wine. But do not expect good performance.


LUbuntu OS and the drive on which it was installed both MISSING!

The fact that Lubuntu isn't visible from Windows is normal. Lubuntu uses EXT4 by default, which Windows can not or refuses to read. (Although there are EXT drivers like Ext2FSD). If you don't need to access the Lubuntu partition, leave it.

Since you installed Lubuntu on a completely different drive, you also have to tell your BIOS to boot from this drive. The Windows Bootloader won't boot anything but Windows. GRUB2, which is used by Lubuntu, boots both Lubuntu and Windows. So in order to be able to select your OS on startup, you need to boot from the 40GB drive.

To do this, open your BIOS Setup, go to a menu that says something like "Boot order", "Boot configuration", ... and set the 40GB drive as primary boot device, then reboot.

You should now be prompted with an OS selection screen. If not, and it boots straightly into Lubuntu, open a terminal and run sudo update-grub. After a reboot it should then work.


Probably DNS configuration gets pushed from VPN client. Why it is pointing to lo address - check servers configs if possible.

I believe you have a line like this on the servers openvpn file:
push "dhcp-option DNS 127.0.0.1"

To override this, do simply:

echo -e "nameserver 8.8.8.8\n nameserver 8.8.4.4" > /etc/resolv.conf

chmod 444 /etc/resolv.conf

chattr +i /etc/resolv.conf

chattr will set immutable bit, so the file doesn't get overwritten.

PS (maybe resolv.conf is managed by systemd somewhere else - idk i do not use sysd )


make sure that your downloaded iso files have correct md5 sum, then I recommend you use unetbootin tool to make your usb disk bootable, then try to install ;)


./eagle executes, however `bash eagle` does not

That's because eagle is a compiled executable, not a bash script. You are getting confused because you often see bash ./script suggested as a way of running the bash script saved in the text file script. For example:

$ cat foo.sh
echo "hello!"
$ bash ./foo.sh
hello!

So, the command bash ./foo.sh actually means "run bash and ask it to execute the commands found in the file foo.sh". However, binary executables are not shell scripts, they are not a list of simple commands and cannot be run that way. For example, if you try to run the ls binary using bash:

$ bash /bin/ls
/bin/ls: /bin/ls: cannot execute binary file

That's bash telling you it can't run this thing you told it to run because it is a binary file and not a text file containing a script.

So, to fix your problem, just remove the bash from your alias and, instead, point it to the actual location of the eagle executable:

alias eagle='/home/metin/eagle-7.6.0/bin/eagle'

Alternatively, add /home/metin/eagle-7.6.0/bin/ to your $PATH by adding this line to your ~/.bashrc:

PATH="$PATH:/home/metin/eagle-7.6.0/bin/"

That will let you execute any executable files in /home/metin/eagle-7.6.0/bin/ by name (by running eagle in this case) just like you do with any other executables such as bash itself, or ls.


XPS stands for XML Paper Specification. It’s a document type developed by Microsoft, which serves as a PDF alternative. You can use Evince to view the file. Install Evince from Ubuntu Software Center or from Synaptic.


Triple booting Windows 7, Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 8

In my experience Windows always needs to be on the drive that has been set as the first boot HDD device in BIOS. I don't remember whether I have tried it with Windows 8 but probably it's still the same.

So if you want to boot Windows 8 from the external drive you should select that one as the first boot device from BIOS or BIOS' boot menu. If you select Windows 8(that is on a second drive) from the Windows 7 boot loader (that is on the first drive) Windows 8 will start to load but after few seconds the computer will reboot.

You could also try to fit all the operating systems to the same hard drive and use the external for storage. Or run Windows 8 inside Virtualbox if that is enough for your needs.


Photoshop on Ubuntu or DualBoot with Windows for it?

You would likely have less problems with viruses if running Photoshop within wine for a few reasons.

A virus might not behave like it would on a real operating system and therefore would do nothing to your wine environment.
Your wine environment is easier to backup/restore/recreate compared to reinstalling/restoring Windows OS.
Your program running on wine may run faster than running it on Windows, with an antivirus.

Things you should be aware of and you should practice while running Photoshop in wine:

Always use a working directory outside of the wine environment so that if you DO happen to get an infected file, you can restore your wine environment without losing your photos.
Run an antivirus check on your photos, or USB, before moving it to another machine or OS.  IF you happen to get a virus in wine and your photos get infected, it may not affect YOUR wine environment, but there's still a chance of passing on the virus through the photo files on the next machine.


Wireless doesn't connect after suspend on an Asus K52F

You can reload the wireless driver after suspend to avoid a reboot. My driver is 'ath9k' which you can find by running 'nm-tool' and look for the line similar to

Driver:   ath9k

Then to reload the driver:

sudo rmmod ath9k
sudo modprobe ath9k

To make this happen automatically when you come back from suspend we can add the following script at /etc/pm/sleep.d/00_wireless_sleep

#!/bin/sh

case "$1" in
  suspend|hibernate)
    /sbin/rmmod ath9k
    ;;
  resume|thaw)
    /sbin/rmmod ath9k
    /sbin/modprobe ath9k
    ;;
esac
exit 0

Replace the "ath9k" module name with the module you discovered from the nm-tool output mentioned above. I had to name the script "00_wireless_sleep" so it gets run after all the other resume scripts (scripts get run in reverse order on resume).
Don't forget to make file "00_wireless_sleep" executable:

sudo chmod 755 /etc/pm/sleep.d/00_wireless_sleep


How do I enable the wireless card automatically without using fn + F5?

Bring up the terminal and put in

rfkill list

If it says "Soft blocked: Yes" then type in

rfkill unblock wifi

If it says "Hard blocked: Yes" (which I think it will) see about enabling your card in the bios. Also check your fn key emulation in the bios as well.


Try this command in a terminal:

sudo apt-get --reinstall install tcl8.5


So I used fixubuntu as a privicy measure, what other precations should I take using Ubuntu Linux?

Privacy Indicator lets you change some privacy related settings in Unity and remove some automatically collected data.

But it's likely far more important to configure your web browser to protect your privacy and to be careful where you enter what kind of information on the web.


It's not crystal clear what you mean, but possibly you want to edit the /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/gb file and change the line

key <BKSL>  { [numbersign, asciitilde,   dead_grave,   dead_breve ] };

to

key <BKSL>  { [numbersign, asciitilde,    backslash,          bar ] };

Result:

Right Alt + # => \

Right Alt + Shift + # => |


May be you can try grub-customizer with a live-usb ubuntu. See also the answer in this question


Is it possible to install a specific package from proposed repos?

Yes, this can be controlled by 'pinning' the release channel priorities. See this how to on how to configure APT to do this by setting pin-priorities on release channels.

The specific number set there is the key. High enough to receive updates when installed from the channel, yet low enough to get installed by default when not selecting the specific channel.

Then use your package management to select the release channel like this:

$ sudo apt-get install mypackage/precise-proposed

The how-to I just mentioned is using aptitude, but I recommend apt-get in recent Ubuntu versions as it has trouble handling multiarch dependencies, in my experience.


KVM Virtual Machine Manager: sharing folders not working

The virtual machine manager does not set up the apparmor for 9p mounts. Therefore QEMU has no permissions to access the filesystem. These need to be added manually or apparmor disabled for the particular virtual. Look in /etc/apparmor.d/libvirt these are the automatically generated apparmor profiles. Note: the TEMPLATE is used to generate them.

It also seemed necessary to set the mode to squash instead of the default
which was passthrough.


I wrote this script to disable the touchpad on my system:

#!/bin/bash

# fix touchpad - turn off tap to click
/usr/bin/synclient MaxTapTime=0

# turn off touchpad entirelly. Assuming Touchpad is Device 12.
# xinput set-prop 12 "Device Enabled" 0
xinput set-prop "AlpsPS/2 ALPS DualPoint TouchPad" "Device Enabled" 0
# Touchpad device number can be checked with
# xinput list

The script is run at login time but needs to be manually rerun after resuming from suspend. I manually run it with a shortcut created on my panel.

You could probably automate it with a few modifications and placing it in /etc/pm/sleep.d/. That's not an option for my as the computer is a multi-user system and the other users want the touchpad.


Ubuntu 20.04 freezes for no apparent reason, media continues to play, mouse moves but click doesn't work

BIOS
You have BIOS R92 Ver. 01.07.01 dated 10/19/2020. There' a newer BIOS available, version 01.08.02 Rev.A, dated Jan 29, 2021, and can be downloaded here.
Note: Confirm that I have the correct web page for your model #.
Note: Have good backups before updating the BIOS.
vm.swappiness
With 48G RAM, we can tweak vm.swappiness to reduce swapping. Edit /etc/sysctl.conf and add vm.swappiness=10, then do sudo sysctl -p or reboot.
memory
With 48G RAM, you have an odd size amount of RAM, and because you have dis-similar SODIMMs, you don't get the speed advantage of memory interleaving. Assuming that you only have two SODIMM slots, recommend replacing one/both current SODIMMs with similar size/spec SODIMMs... ie: two 16G, or two 32G (check the maximum memory capacity specs for your model #).
swap
After setting vm.swappiness, we really shouldn't see too much swap activity, however 2G /swapfile is really too small. We'll change it to 4G...
Note: Incorrect use of the rm and dd commands can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
In the terminal...
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=4096

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm 48G RAM and 4G swap

Edit /etc/fstab, using sudo -H gedit /etc/fstab or sudo pico /etc/fstab.
Confirm this /swapfile line in /etc/fstab... and confirm no other “swap” lines... use SPACES in this line... confirm NO TABS...
/swapfile  none  swap  sw  0  0

reboot                    # reboot and verify operation


Why is this item showing up in the Software Center when it doesn't exist?

The message is saying that the 'Software Sources' that you have given it permissions to install from don't include the software. What it isn't telling you is that it is available from another software source. The 'More Info' button in Natty gives you a better message:

The application is in the Multiverse source, and you can enable that by going to Edit > Software Sources and ticking the 'Software restricted by copyright or legal issues (multiverse)' checkbox.


Trying to install Ubuntu on Mac mini, got a bit stuck

The current version of Ubuntu is compatible with the Mac Startup Manager. You do not need to install rEFInd. Hold down the option at startup. Continue to hold down the key until the Startup Manager icons appears. To boot Ubuntu, select arrow below the icon labeled "EFI Boot". To make an operating system the default, you need to hold down the control key before making your selection.

If you still wish to use rEFInd, the post a comment and I can give some additional help.


How to create shortcut commands in terminal?

Aliases can be created by supplying name / value pairs as arguments for the alias command. An example of the Bash shell syntax is:

$ alias name='unix command with options'

For example:

$ alias copy="cp"

In your case, alias G="g++-4.7" should work.


Is there a way to limit the bandwidth that Software Center uses?

If the software centre uses apt-get (and I'm not actually sure that it does, so you will need to try this yourself), you should be able to do the following:

Create the file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/76download with the following content:

Acquire
{
    Queue-mode "access";
    http
    {
        Dl-Limit "150";
    };
};

That limits apt-get to 150KB/s. I haven't tried it myself, so I can't verify that it will work for you.


Installing Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS on Lenovo G50-70. Difficulties to create an extended partition

if you delete all partitions then gparted will create a primary first before you can create extended, if you want to remove windoz completely create a primary partition for root and extended for home and swap if your computer has win 8 on it you probably have to go into the bios to disable eufi partition table before any partition software will work. a eufi partition is protected by the bios unless you change the default settings


How are separate x screens supposed to work (probable problem)

I've got the same problem! Just installed Ubuntu 12.04 onto an old Acer Travelmate with Nvidia graphics, and same problem.

After reading what you said about Nautilus, tried loading a few diferent window managers.  Follow this link to find out how:

http://ramannanda.blogspot.com.au/2009/06/changing-window-manager-in-ubuntu.html

(Tried Gnome, Unity 2D, and lxde - all flicked the wallpaper up, then went white like yours).

However xfce worked!  I think I did this:

sudo apt-get install xfce4

Xfce fixed it, and works a treat!

I really like the way xfce is uncluttered - it takes 1/2 hour to get your head around it, but is well worth it.

See: http://docs.xfce.org/xfce/getting-started

Different windows being run on each monitor, can independently set the backgrounds on each monitor! :-)  They each have their own workspace too. Fantastic!


Stuck in emergency mode and nothing works?

Your /etc/fstab is wrong.

First, you don't need to mount Acer-specific or recovery partitions, or the CD-ROM.

So, I'd comment out these lines...

sudo -H gedit /etc/fstab

#Entry for /dev/sda3 :
#UUID=C85AA81A5AA806F2   /media/Acer ntfs-3g defaults,locale=en_US.UTF-8 0 0
# note that I commented this out and also changed the "00" to "0 0"

#Entry for /dev/sda4 :
#UUID=4ECAA8ECCAA8D18F   /media/Recovery ntfs-3g defaults,locale=en_US.UTF-8 0 0
# note that I commented this out and also changed the "00" to "0 0"

#/dev/sr0    /media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0   0

and change:

#Entry for /dev/sdb1 :
UUID=0C08B30A08B2F1B6   /media/DATA ntfs-3g defaults,locale=en_US.UTF-8 00

to this:

#Entry for /dev/sdb1 :
UUID=0C08B30A08B2F1B6   /media/DATA ntfs-3g defaults,locale=en_US.UTF-8 0 0
# note the change from "00" to "0 0"

that will fix your problem.

However, if you must keep sda4, then the correct line would be...

#Entry for /dev/sda4 :
UUID=003CAE413CAE3218   /media/Recovery ntfs-3g defaults,locale=en_US.UTF-8 0 0
# note the new UUID, and the "0 0" at the end of the line.


Is there a compelling reason to upgrade from Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron)?

The short answer would be:

Server: no
Desktop: maybe

The old saying "If it ain't broken, don't fix it." is especially true when dealing with servers. While I did upgrade my server from 8.04 to 10.04, that was only because there were quite a bunch of new libraries I really wanted. Except for that 8.04 is still a solid release, and if there is nothing you explicitly feel is missing I definitely thing you should stay with it.

Regarding the desktop the choice is less obvious. The new 10.04 will most likely give a nicer and more polished "desktop experience". Also, you will notice a lot more improvements in the included desktop software than you generally do with the typical server daemons.

Still, your 8.04 desktop is working for you and while the same will probably go for the 10.04 desktop, a change always comes with the risk of something going wrong. What I guess it comes down to is how burdensome/possible it would be for you to re-install the 8.04 desktop in a worst case scenario.


User cannot mount disks after upgrade to Saucy

For whatever DM you use (kdm, gdm, lightdm, etc.), do the following:

Append the following to the top of the /etc/pam.d/your_dm_file:

session required pam_loginuid.so
session required pam_systemd.so

Logout, Restart X, Login
Check that everything works
Remove fix you applied in step 1.
Logout, Restart X, Login
Check that everything STILL works!

This so-called fix (step 1) can be removed once you login and check that you have a working system. It apparently allows the upgraded system to complete some process that fixes the underlying problem. Once done (after an admin login?), the fix can be removed.

It also cleared up all the crash reports I was getting directly after login.


Strange error when logging into Xubuntu 12.04

I've got same problem on Xubuntu 12.10. Deleting the ~/.cache/sessions folder helps. I hope somebody will use that answer.


Can't get Exodus (crypto wallet) to open in Ubuntu 20.04

Thanks for your replies.
I have managed to solve the problem:
How I updated Exodus on 2021.04.16:
1) Went to website - Exodus.com/Download
2) Downloaded latest version; I chose  "Download Linux app (.deb)"
3) Opened a Terminal and entered:
    1) cd ./"directory that I downloaded to"
    2) sudo dpkg -i exodus_21.4.12_amd64.deb
5) This did the trick. Then opened the app by typing "exodus" in the command line or going to the "Applications centre" - the icon with 9 dots, bottom left of screen - and finding the Exodus app there.

Hope this helps?


This is an old question, but I found it looking for a solution to the same problem and never really found a complete answer. I came up with a simple(-ish) way of doing it myself:

gm convert $(find . -type f -printf '%p\0' | sort -z | sed 's/\x00/ /g') file.pdf

It won't work if there are spaces or new lines in any of the original files' paths, though.

This method has to execute convert once for every input file. It takes much (much much) longer, especially if there are a large number of original images, but it won't get tripped up by file names:

find . -type f -printf '%p\0' | sort -z | xargs -0 -I {} gm convert -adjoin file.pdf {} file.pdf


What to do if forgot to enable EFI partition?

Can I hint you towards this article https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

Creating an EFI System Partition
If you are manually partitioning your disk in the Ubuntu installer, you need to make sure you have an EFI System Partition (ESP) set up. This partition holds EFI-mode boot loaders and related files.
If your disk already contains an ESP (eg if your computer had Windows 8 preinstalled), it can be used for Ubuntu too. Do not format it. It is strongly recommended to have only 1 ESP per disk.
An ESP can be created via a recent version of GParted (the Gparted version included in the 12.04 disk is OK), and must have the following attributes:
Mount point: /boot/efi (remark: no need to set this mount point when using the manual partitioning, the Ubuntu installer will detect it automatically)
Size: minimum 100Mib. 200MiB recommended.
Type: FAT32
Other: needs a "boot" flag.

I have never done this myself but remembered reading about it. Maybe you could also try the magic of boot repair? https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair
Sometimes it's also just easier to reinstall Ubuntu...


Anthy add as a language option ubuntu 16.04

You also need ibus-anthy or fcitx-anthy. Then you need to select either IBus or fcitx in Language Support. At next login (possibly a reboot is needed; see comment by user2281135) you should be able to find the Anthy item in Text Entry.

To install ibus-anthy you can run the following command in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install ibus-anthy


I searched around a bit and wasn't able to find anything similar to Mediawiki's Dump
You may want to try using webchecker.py


I solved the problem with printing, my user was in sudoers but, apparently not in the lpadmin group, so running:

sudo usermod -aG lpadmin user_name

solved the problem. Hope that this helps anyone who also has a similar problem.


If it's "just" a compiz crash, you should be able to restore it from one of the TTYs, even if the keyboard isn't working in X.

hit ctrl+alt+F1 to get to the console
Login with your usual username and password
Type the following:

DISPLAY=:0.0 compiz --replace &
If compiz is still really hanging, you may need to kill it with more authority and try again:

killall -9 compiz

DISPLAY=:0.0 compiz --replace &
Then hit Alt+Left Arrow until you get to the screen where X is running.


bluetoothctl can't detect device but hcitool can?

Rebooting a couple of times worked, one of those times where you should be asking yourself, Did you try turning it off and on again?


Which location is better saving nginx.conf?

By default, the configuration file is named nginx.conf and placed in the directory /usr/local/nginx/conf, /etc/nginx (default for ubuntu), or /usr/local/etc/nginx.
But you need to keep in mind that nginx can be installed in any directory, for example in the case of assembly from source. In you case - /opt/nginx/conf.

nginx.conf - general config of all server(it is possible to call it an entry point), there as a rule includes everything that placed in site-enabled and conf.d

conf.d - settings of individual parts or nginx modules, grouped for greater convenience.

site-available - configs of individual applications, services, sites and e.t.c. (the fact that they are here - does not mean that they will be included)

sites-enabled - here only enabled sites/apps/services. Here symlinks from
site-available are added, in order to quickly enable or disable some config.


File operations not permitted on ntfs file system on Thoshiba 1TB external hard disk in Ubuntu 11.10

Try this.  Install NTFS Config.  To do that, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get install ntfs-config

once the installation is done, create the dirictories below:

sudo mkdir /etc/hal
sudo mkdir /etc/hal/fdi
sudo mkdir /etc/hal/fdi/policy

And then do:

sudo ntfs-config

When the application runs, just check Enable write support for external device, and click close.


Try to see if the md5hash of the Ubuntu .iso file is the same as it appears.

-7b7c56c74008da7d97bd49669c8a045d *ubuntu-12.10-desktop-amd64+mac.iso
7ad57cadae955bd04019389d4b9c1dcb *ubuntu-12.10-desktop-amd64.iso
3af0638f69d15d61d813d14fddc9df6e *ubuntu-12.10-desktop-armhf+omap4.img
b4191c1d1d6fdf358c154f8bf86b97dd *ubuntu-12.10-desktop-i386.iso

If your .iso file does not have an hash code like that then just download a new one and make another bootable CD/USB.    Usually that is the case..


Don't install nVidia drivers from ***.run files but instead from PPA like
https://launchpad.net/~graphics-drivers/+archive/ubuntu/ppa
so to omit any mess after...You already have messed things, also by installing 390 driver version You already have compiled cuda in there so no need to install additional cuda toolkit


How to replace unity 7 with unity 8 on Ubuntu 14.04

Unity 8 doesn't have a desktop yet and isn't supposed to be ready for normal use. However, if you really want it, then you should probably get the Ubuntu Desktop Next ISO rather than the normal Ubuntu Desktop ISO. You can get it from here: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-desktop-next


'indicator-cpu' won't start, what is wrong?

You should go to the developer launchpad and post this there. You will get a more accurate and quickly response:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/indicator-cpufreq


How to uninstall Firefox developer edition?

To remove the Firefox Developer Edition from ppa, use ppa-purge.

First close the Firefox Developer Edition, then run the following:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

And then remove the ppa:

sudo ppa-purge ppa:mozillateam/firefox-next

I am not sure if it will keep your Firefox data! But by using Firefox Sync, you can backup everything just in case it deletes everything.

After that remove packages that FDE required, but are no longer needs.

sudo apt-get autoremove

Then reinstall firefox:

sudo apt-get install firefox


Try install gimp using ppa

Open terminal and run this command

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install gimp


for the configure error try ./configure --with-tcl-ver=8.5


lossless conversion of wmv to mp4 video in Ubuntu command line

Change directories using cd to the directory that contains input.wmv and run the following commands:
sudo apt install ffmpeg
ffmpeg -i input.wmv output.mp4

The input and output videos were the same dimensions and approximately the same size when I tested the command.


zip files in all directories and subfolders without the folder itself

You can do it with something like this:

find -not -iname '*.mp3' -type f | while read -r file_name; \
do zip "$(realpath "$file_name")".zip "$file_name" ; done

It will zips all files in their directory each separately other that of "mp3" files.

You can exclude other type of files too, for example, zip and mp3 files:

find -not -iname '*.mp3' -not -iname '*.zip' -type f

So this structure:

.
└── a
    ├── 1
    │   └── 1.mp3
    └── 2
        ├── 1.jpg
        ├── 1.mp3
        └── 1.mpv

would become:

.
└── a
    ├── 1
    │   └── 1.mp3
    └── 2
        ├── 1.jpg
        ├── 1.jpg.zip
        ├── 1.mp3
        ├── 1.mpv
        └── 1.mpv.zip


Webcam Optimization Program w/ OBS -- White Balance, Auto Exposure, Etc.

I finally figured it out so I wanted to post an update here incase anyone else should run into a similar problem. Hopefully this works for you!

I was not able to find any program that works in a similar way to Windows' webcam customization options - namely,exposure settings. On Windows you simply turn off auto exposure and then move the slider to -4, -5, -6, etc. and tweak it to meet the requirements of your camera/lighting/scene.

The problem arises when using GTK UVC. GTK UVC has all of the same options that you'd find in Windows + more. However, the auto exposure settings are completely different. After what seemed like hours of playing with settings I finally got it. Here is the secret formula (lol):

Set exposure to manual. If you used -4 in Windows, move the slider to 400. If you used -5 in Windows, move the slider to 500. If you used -6 in Windows, move the slider to 600. Essentially, whatever the number was in Windows, add two zeros and make it a positive. Done!


There are some help pages on using mount here and here - basically, use this:

sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/media_sdb1

which use the syntax:

sudo mount /dev/DEVICE /PATH/TO/DESTINATION

These all need to typed in terminal, which in Unity can be accessed with Ctrl+Alt+T.


Just go get format your USB flash with any other file system instead of FAT.


Refer post: https://www.computerhope.com/unix/apt-file.htm   &
https://wiki.debian.org/apt-file
apt-file purge
Purge the user cache. An apt-file update will be needed before a search can be performed on the user cache. If the user cache doesn't exist, the system-wide cache can be used for user searches.
Purge

Clear "Contents-" files from the apt-file cache directory. If you receive any errors listing or searching, it's a good idea to perform a purge and then an update.
To delete the system wide cache use:
sudo apt-file purge

related directories:
 ~/.cache/apt-file
/var/cache/apt/apt-file


Problems connecting to Steam servers, cannot connect to CS:GO servers on ubuntu 18.04 64-bit

Apologies for the hasty post. It seems the issue was with SSL certificates as suggested by the log. Fixed by inserting sudo apt-get install --reinstall ca-certificates into the terminal.


Intel Haswell strange graphics and boot issue

Last Option that you can give a try

Open terminal(CTRL+ALT+T) and execute these commands:

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.back

if this command says file not available then not a problem. Proceed further..

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

when editor opens copy following code and paste on the editor:

Section "Device"
Identifier "Configured Video Device"
Driver "intel"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Configured Monitor"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
Identifier "Default Screen"
Monitor "Configured Monitor"
Device "Configured Video Device"
EndSection

Save(CTRL+S) and close(CTRL+Q) and execute following:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure $(dpkg -l | awk '{print $2}'|grep "^xserver"|tr '\n' ' ')

sudo update-initramfs -u

Then finally restart your computer.

sudo reboot

Hope this last option works for you.. If you get any time of error, just remove /etc/X11/xorg.conf file and restart your system again.


Bluetooth not working on HP 15-BS1XX, how can I check which driver I need?

The lshw tool is among the best tools to check the hardware that can be seen under Linux on a specific system. It's highly recommended to use it with high privileges.

I'd suggest you to start with sudo lshw -businfo to get a first taste.
Then you can dive deeper with just sudo lshw (be warned: the output can be quite long to be read).

Then you can use a number of other tools like lsusb for USB related hardware, lspci for information about PCI-attached hardware and lsscsi for storage devices using the SCSI layer (almost all of them do). Man pages are available to tune the amount of details you want to get.

If you can dual-boot with another OS that can successfully use that hardware, please go on and take note about that hardware by inspecting the hardware details with that OS.

In any case, if your device isn't listed at all, that is likely meaning that it isn't supported by Linux or, at least, by the Ubuntu kernel you are using. Maybe an upgrade can help.


How long after new LTS release for certifications to come out?

I sent an email to the owners of the pages to do with certification of computer hardware and have just received a reply which I quote below (I have munged the email addresses to avoid spam):

Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2016 12:33:18 +0000
From: Anthony Dillon <anthonyxxxxn@canonical.com>
To: andrew <andrew.xxxxxxx@xxxx.com>
Subject: Re: Certified Hardware for 16.04

Hi Andrew,

We are starting to enable and certify systems with 16.04 images.

We have now 2 systems there and more will start appearing in the
following months.

All the best,
Ant.

On Sun, 19 Jun 2016 at 04:07 andrew <andrew.xxxx@xxxx.com> wrote:

    Hi,

    Concerning this page:

    http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/

    I note that for Desktop Hardware there are no entries for the latest
    release Xenial Xerus 16.04. Entries are in place for server hardware
    though.

    When will these entries be in place?

    Thanks,

    Andrew

    --
    You think that's air you're breathing now?

And I see that there are now 3 Dell Desktop systems in place there and hopefully as promised there will be more soon, including the laptops that you are after...


If you're talking about Unity launcher panel on the left of your screen, there is 'Launcher placement' dropdown in Displays window that should give you an ability to choose where to show launcher (it's set to 'All displays' by default).


Overheating causing applications to crash?

Generally instead of stopping the application on overheating, the system will perform an emergency shut down, so I would say that heat is probably not the cause of this particular crash. The game wasn't released that long ago, so it isn't unreasonable for there to be a couple of problems that haven't been ironed out yet.

Evidence of Emergency Shutdown:

on the Arch subreddit my_nvidia_gpu_is_overheating_can_someone_help_me

on the CrunchBang Forum: [Solved] Nvidia GPU overheating


Install Ubuntu to USB 3.0 external drive

It works like that in UEFI mode. It 'wants' to use the existing EFI partition in the first drive (usually the internal drive /dev/sda).

But if you unplug or disconnect the internal drive (and have no extra drive connected), the installer will be happy(?) to install grub into your target drive, the USB external hard drive. That is how I do it.


Ubuntu 18.04 stuck in purple screen with "Ubuntu 18.04" written

After many different solutions tested (I was going crazy) I understood that the thing that was making my ubuntu partition stuck in the purple screen was just a USB 3.0 hard disk.
Indeed, I can reproduce the error as many times as I want and it happens consistently that when I connect the hard disk I get stuck, when it is disconnected it does not get stuck.
I hope that this will help someone else like me in this situation.


Printer driver depends on libbeecrypt7:i386 but it's not in repositories

beecrypt has been removed from Debian, and thus from Ubuntu as well, due to it being unmaintained by its developers and not used by any other package in Debian.

Hopefully Canon will soon provide a package which does not depend on it, but in the meantime it should be fine to install the Trusty package. You can also try to look for third-party repositories providing a Xenial package.


Can't select wifi CA on Ubuntu 12.10 (Gnome3)

I just had the same issue. I was able to resolve it by logging out, switching to Unity, and connecting to the network there. I think it had something to do with Gnome 3 desktop not being as integrated. I think it only lets you manage one "pop up menu" at a time. In Unity, it doesn't open the Network Settings in the background, so you can click Ignore or you can choose a CA.

If you don't have Unity even installed, I suppose you could also try to do it from the command line using the following:

Create a wpa_supplicant.conf file. This seems to be a relatively good guide for how to create your configuration file, and I am drawing from it for the rest of the instructions. Your configuration file should look something like this:

network = {

ssid="Your_ssid_here"
key_mgmt=WPA-EAP
pairwise=TKIP
group=TKIP
eap=PEAP
identity="user@your_domain"
password="your_password"
ca_cert="/path/to/cert"
phase1="peapver=0"
phase2="MSCHAPV2"
}

Then, you must start issue the following command:

wpa_supplicant -B -c/path/to/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0

The "-B" flag makes the daemon run in the background. The "-c" followed by the path     loads the config file you created earlier, and the "-iwlan0" should be replaced with your wireless interface.
If you want to keep this after a reboot, add the following to your /etc/network/interfaces file.

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
pre-up wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
post-down killall -q wpa_supplicant

Hope this helps! If you have questions, you can always check the man page for wpa_supplicant.


Update gets stuck unpacking bad package, won't continue without it

Try dpkg --force-help. And let the Force be with you.


No wifi adapter found, even after installing RTL8821ce drivers

The driver is crashing. I suggest removing all you installed and using another driver.
Uninstall the 8821ce driver from https://github.com/tomaspinho/rtl8821ce
by running sudo make unistall from the directory where the driver is located. then run:
sudo apt purge rtl8821ce-dkms
sudo dkms remove rtl8821ce/5.5.2.1 --all
sudo dkms remove rtl8821ce/v5.5.2_34066.20200325 --all
sudo apt install git
git clone -b rtw88 https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git
sudo dkms add ./rtlwifi_new
sudo dkms install rtlwifi-new/0.6

Then reboot.


I use gnome-randr. It "tries to reimplement some of the functionality of 'xrandr' for the gnome desktop using mutter's dbus-api. It currently has not been tested with fractional scaling support."
You can download it here : https://gitlab.com/Oschowa/gnome-randr
Then you :
$ chmod +x gnome-randr.py

You can also replace the first line by this :
#!/usr/bin/env python3

and run it
$ ./gnome-randr.py

It will give you current configuration and names of your monitors, like DP-1 DVI-1 HDMI-1.
Then you can use xrandr syntax :
$ ./gnome-randr.py --output DP-1 --rotate left

Help is also available for all possibilities :
$ ./gnome-randr.py -h
usage: gnome-randr.py [options]
    where options are:
    --current
    --dry-run
    --persistent
    --global-scale <global-scale>
    --output <output>
        --auto
        --mode <mode>
        --rate <rate>
        --scale <scale>
        --off
        --right-of <output>
        --left-of <output>
        --above <output>
        --below <output>
        --same-as <output>
        --rotate normal,inverted,left,right
        --primary


How do determine which OS version to use?

This machine should be able to run 64-bit perfectly.

Given that you have 8 GB RAM, the benefits of 64-bit (faster performance for multimedia software) outweigh the major disadvantage (increased RAM usage).


Virtualbox Virtual Machines Won't Boot After Cloning

It's not the cloning that's causing the problems; it's powering off the virtual machine. Unfortunately, changes made by the Linux efibootmgr utility in the guest don't survive very long under VirtualBox. Because these changes are required to boot, the result is that once VirtualBox forgets them, you can't boot any longer. There are two broad classes of solution to this problem:

You can rename your boot manager or boot loader of choice to EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi. This is done to files on the virtual machine's EFI System Partition (ESP), which is generally /dev/sda1. For a stock Ubuntu install, you'd rename EFI/ubuntu to EFI/BOOT and then rename grubx64.efi to bootx64.efi to make this work.
You can use some other tool to adjust the virtual NVRAM settings. The VirtualBox EFI user interface has a way to do this, but the steps are rather awkward. You could also use the bcfg command in an EFI shell. In either case, you must create an entry for the boot loader/manager of your choice, such as the EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi binary that the Ubuntu installer put on the hard disk.


A path set in /etc/profile/ doesn't appear on other users' environment

When you use su user, the resulting environment is not the same as when you start a login shell. Specifically, according to man su:
   The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of $PATH
   is reset to /bin:/usr/bin for normal users, or
   /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin for the superuser. This may be changed
   with the ENV_PATH and ENV_SUPATH definitions in /etc/login.defs.

To get a login shell environment hen using su (in particular, to read the /etc/profile file) you can use su - user or su -l user:
   -, -l, --login
       Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had
       the user logged in directly.


What can I use to automate backups of Gmail?

offlineimap
is a popular solution for this.
Enable IMAP in GMail
(Google's instructions)

Sign in to Gmail.
Click Settings at the top of any Gmail page.
Click Forwarding and POP/IMAP.
Select Enable IMAP.
Configure your IMAP client and click Save Changes.

Setup offlineimap
After you install it create a .offlineimaprc
[general]
accounts = GMail
maxsyncaccounts = 3

[Account GMail]
localrepository = Local
remoterepository = Remote
autorefresh = 10  #refresh every 10 minutes
quick = 5         #Quick-syncs do not update if the only changes were to IMAP flags

[Repository Local]
type = Maildir
localfolders = /whatever/directory

[Repository Remote]
type = IMAP
remotehost = imap.gmail.com
remoteuser = your_username@gmail.com
remotepass = your_password
ssl = yes
maxconnections = 1

#Setting realdelete = yes will Really Delete email from the server.
#Otherwise "deleting" a message will just remove any labels and
#retain the message in the All Mail folder.
realdelete = no

Then you need to run offlineimap.
Automating offlineimap with cron
In some cases having offlineimap running all the time can consume large amounts of memory, especially if you have a large mailbox, so you can add an offlineimap check into cron to just check it and then exit, here's a daily backup:
 @daily offlineimap -u Noninteractive.Basic

How do I set up a Cron job?
cron

Backing up offlineimap
The files will be in whatever you define in the localfolders line as a Maildir. You can back this up using whatever backup method you use:

Comparison of backup tools
backup

References

http://www.enigmacurry.com/category/gmail/
http://blog.nixternal.com/2010.10.18/offlineimap-and-byobu-hacks/
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/OfflineIMAP
Man Page
Fully documented offlineimaprc configuration file


How to understand the different stages of bootloading?

Wikipedia's GRUB entry has a good overview of how the GRUB boot process works here.

For the differances in GRUB 2 the Ubuntu Help entry is pretty thorough.


search command for packages in Ubuntu terminal to search updates and patches of the package specifically

As Nick already pointed out, apt-cache search QUERY should list packages containing specific string in their names.

Another useful tool is apt-file. apt-file search QUERY will print list of packages containing files with QUERY in their names. In some cases you know the name of a binary needed (like when you are reading a tutorial and need some command not installed in your OS) but do not know what package it comes with.

Also, dpkg -S QUERY lists installed packages which provide files containing 'QUERY' in their names. In some cases you have a binary or script installed on one machine and want it also on another one, but do not remember where it came from. The output should be smaller than for apt-file in this case, as it does not display content of packages not installed.

You may filter output of those commands with egrep, say with egrep '/NAME$'.

e.g. dpkg -S ps | egrep '/bin/ps$' tells us that ps binary comes with procps package.


Does X Window and GNOME are the same for Desktop Environtment?

GNOME is a desktop and was started in 15 August 1997 (some GNU folks didn't like that Qt was owned by a company, thus saw KDE (which came from CDE) as a risk so created their own desktop instead of the existing ones like CDE, KDE, XFCE etc).
X windows however is not a desktop, but is much older starting in 1984 (version 11 is from 1987).
GNOME Itself will run on X windows, or will run on Wayland (therefore X windows is not used at all; Wayland having replaced X windows in this example).  Likewise you can still use X windows and not GNOME, ie. a different desktop like KDE, XFCE, LXQt and many more.

X provides the basic framework for a GUI environment: drawing and
moving windows on the display device and interacting with a mouse and
keyboard. X does not mandate the user interface – this is handled by
individual programs. As such, the visual styling of X-based
environments varies greatly; different programs may present radically
different interfaces.3

They are different things (running at different heights of your software stack), so differences to me makes no sense - differences will far outnumber similarities.


Did you mean sudo shutdown -h now?

Anyways, as long as you use this ^^^ command, there should be no difference.

It probably takes longer to shut down from GUI since it has to kill the X server and such, whilst if shutting down from CLI they are already dead.


Download here
Extract the downloaded .tat.bz2 package
To install please read INSTALL file which guide you how to install it.

  Configuring

  A typical way to configure VLC is:

  ./configure --prefix=/usr

  See ./configure --help for more information.

  Building VLC

  Once configured, run
  make to build VLC.

  Installing and running VLC

  You can install the VLC and its plugins by typing:

make install


How can I add this USB Printer (`/dev/usb/lp0`) to printer list when print command is given in any application?

Install the printer using the

  Printers

Window: Dash -> Printers -> Add Printer.

Depending on the printer, you may need to download the right drivers.

Regards.


This is likely because KEGS uses the OSS sound system; it is originally a port from HP-UX, and most of the other Linux sound APIs do not exist on other Unix variants. Try one of the following:

padsp kegs

aoss kegs


How to find reason for orphaned packages in apt-get autoremove?

Automatically:

One of the solutions is to use aptitude, first install it:

sudo apt install aptitude

Now to find out why a package has been installed on your Ubuntu you can run:

aptitude why pkgname

However note that:

  The dependency that aptitude produced in this case is only a suggestion. This is because no package currently installed on this computer depends on or recommends the "pkgname".

Also:

  aptitude why does not perform full dependency resolution; it only displays
  direct relationships between packages.

In conclusion if you can't find a related package, then there is a high chance that this package has been installed as a dependency or recommendation of on of the other packages that is going to be removed using apt autoremove, or somehow is related to this chain.

Manually

First let's produce a situation then try to find out why a package has been installed, I first installed vlc on my system:

sudo apt install vlc

after that I only remove the vlc itself using sudo apt remove vlc, now if I run sudo apt autoremove I'll get:

libqt5x11extras5 vlc-bin vlc-plugin-qt ...

let's first check one of them  using aptitude:

$ aptitude why libqt5x11extras5
aptitude why libqt5x11extras5
i   xorg      Depends  xterm | x-terminal-emulator
p   qterminal Provides x-terminal-emulator

however the other one because of a direct dependency chain will work fine:

$ aptitude why vlc-bin
c   vlc      Depends  vlc-bin

pay attention to the c it means that the package was deleted but its configuration files still lives on my system so there is a high chance (in this case 100%) that vlc-bin was installed by vlc.

Now let's back to our job and findout why libqt5x11extras5 lives on our Ubuntu:

$ apt-cache rdepends libqt5x11extras5 | xargs dpkg -l |& grep -e '^i' -e '^rc'

using apt-cache rdepends I'm looking for all packages which has dependency on libqt5x11extras5, then I'm looking for the ones which are installed or was installed on my system using dpkg with the combination of grep, the result is:

ii  libqt5x11extras5
ii  vlc-plugin-qt

see? we found out that this package was related to another package that is in our autoremove list: vlc-plugin-qt, at the end:

$ aptitude why vlc-plugin-qt
c   vlc

and we came back to the vlc.


Why Mac users don't see me online when I use MSN through empathy?

Try using Pidgin or Kopete instead of Empathy. If it works there, submit a bug report to: https://bugzilla.gnome.org/ on the Empathy section.


If you want to try Ubuntu,then the best option is make a bootable Ubuntu live disk,boot from it.And then click on try Ubuntu option on startup to experience the features of Ubuntu.

Or

You can install Ubuntu on a virtual machine softwares like virtualbox,VMware and make a try on it.


Encrypting and decrypting single file with master password and passphrase

No, you need the private key to decrypt a file that has been encrypted with the public key. That's by design: someone who somehow obtains the password would also need the key to decrypt your files. In fact, the private key is all you need to decrypt the file; in your keyring, the private key is stored encrypted with your passphrase.

Since you can decrypt the file on the other computer, copy your keys back from that other computer. And make sure you have ample backups of your key! Print it out and store the paper somewhere safe: it would be really tedious to type the key back in, but paper is durable, so it might save you.

All this assumes that the files are encrypted with the private key (with gpg -e). Gpg can also encrypt a file with only a passphrase (with gpg -c). If that's what you did, it's independent from any key, all you need is to type the passphrase.


Combining multiple similar items on the Launcher

The magic word is 'Drawers'

  A utility for organizing related items for easy launching from the
  Unity dock. Drawers creates a launcher for the Unity panel that can
  contain any combination of files, web links or directories. Just drop
  a file on the launcher and it will be added. Left-clicking the
  launcher "opens a drawer" with an icon view of each item for
  launching. Right-clicking allows fast launching through quicklists.

https://launchpad.net/~ian-berke/+archive/ppa-drawers

To install through Terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ian-berke/ppa-drawers
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install drawers

You can see Drawers in action on YouTube

More info on WebUpd8


Graphics drivers for Intel Nuc (DE3815TYKE)

Have you tried using Oibaf's graphics driver PPA?

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers -y; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y

You may also want to check whether or not you are actually getting a functional driver with glxinfo | grep OpenGL.


You have missed a space in the command. It should be:

sudo mount -o remount, rw /

instead of

sudo mount -o remount,rw /

If this doesn't help, please provide a full list of the commands (and their respective output) you're using.


How to create package download script with correct dependencies?

The idea is that you generate the download script from the offline system, which knows which dependencies it'll need.

It needs to not be entirely offline, to have recent package lists, but if you don't have any connectivity at all, you can still fake this by copying /var/lib/apt/lists/ contents from an online machine (with the same sources.list).


try restarting the CUPS service

sudo service cups stop && sudo service cups start


Cant upgrade or get package manager to refresh

Ubuntu releases are supported only for a period of 3 years(non LTS) and after that the repositories are taken down. I expect this is what has happened in your case.

Since you are just starting over, I suggest you get the latest release and install that. That will work out of the box.


Can VeraCrypt use persistent mount points on Linux?

I have elaborated below answer posted by David Foerster and made it more descriptive and clear for other Linux users interested in presented subject.

Linux + VeraCrypt + encrypted volume absolute paths

According to my research, it seems that assignment of absolute path to VeraCrypt volume is impossible (at least currently) (vide: by-id and by-path entry on wiki.archlinux.org under Persistent block device naming (1)).

Linux + VeraCrypt + semi-persistent block device naming

However, we can use semi-persistent block device naming.

1. by-path

/dev/disk/by-path/ depends on shortest physical path (2) and changes as port of controller is switched (3).

To obtain /dev/disk/by-path/ descriptor, type:

ls -l /dev/disk/by-path/

You can use obtained naming to mount VeraCrypt volume:

veracrypt --mount /dev/disk/by-path/[by-path] --slot=6 --verbose

/dev/disk/by-path/[by-path] can replace relative path in bash script:

#! /bin/bash
#
echo "Encrypted_1" && veracrypt --mount /dev/disk/by-path/[by-path1] --slot=12 --verbose && echo "Encrypted_1"
echo "Encrypted_2" && veracrypt --mount /dev/disk/by-path/[by-path2] --slot=1 --verbose && echo "Encrypted_2"
[...]

 2. by-id

/dev/disk/by-id/ is created according to device serial number (4). wiki.archlinux.org states that /dev/disk/by-id/ cannot survive hardware changes i.e. scenario where device is plugged to port of controller subjected to different subsystem (5). access.redhat.com, on the other side, claims that /dev/disk/by-id/ can be maintained even if device is accessed by different systems (6). Thus, symlink appears to be quite stable in case of /dev/disk/by-id/ being applied.

To obtain /dev/disk/by-id/ device naming, type:

ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/

Now, when you have correct one, it can be used to mount VeraCrypt volume:

veracrypt --mount /dev/disk/by-id/[id] --slot=6 --verbose

Analogously to what was noted in paragraph one, /dev/disk/by-id/ can be used in bash script:

#! /bin/bash
#
echo "Encrypted_1" && veracrypt --mount /dev/disk/by-id/[id1] --slot=12 --verbose && echo "Encrypted_1"
echo "Encrypted_2" && veracrypt --mount /dev/disk/by-id/[id2] --slot=1 --verbose && echo "Encrypted_2"

Maybe it will be helpful for someone.

Addendum

/dev/disk/by-id/ is not stable enough to forget about correcting mounting script after reboot.


I just went ahead and apt-get removed pulseaudio. Sound worked fine where it matters:

System events
Banshee
Skype

To regain sound control from my keyboard, I installed AutoKey, and attached the following scripts to the corresponding keyboard keys:

#Volume Down
from subprocess import call
call('amixer set PCM 2dB-'.split())

and

#Volume Up
from subprocess import call
call('amixer set PCM 2dB+'.split())

and

#Mute-Unmute
from subprocess import call
call('amixer set PCM toggle'.split())


Backport the version of GTK+ 2.0 that is in 12.04 to 11.10, or ask that the fix be SRUed to 11.10 as well, on the bug report itself. You probably should have just asked directly on the bug report, rather than on here.


Python broken after 15.10 to 16.04 upgrade

I don't know where it came from, but I had a python binary in /usr/local/bin that was overriding my default one. It was build with an older gcc and that was causing the problem.


What LibreOffice format works best in MS Office?

I have found saving my libre office docs in the older ms word 97 format works best, it gives the .doc extension instead of the 2007 .docx extension.
same thing with powerpoint ppt instead of the pptx

in libre office I set the options to save in that format by default.

I have ms office 2007 at work and don't seem to have a problem going back and forth with the 72/2003 formats


Cannot install Ubuntu 16.04 Desktop on Virtualbox

For no obvious reason Ubuntu Desktop 16.04.3 refused to run on my VirtualBox
However I was able to install Ubuntu Desktop 16.04.1 on my VirtualBox

http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/16.04.1/ubuntu-16.04-desktop-amd64.iso


Which extra packages or modules should i remove at compiling time

You don't need to compile a kernel if you simply want to remove packages that you don't need.

You can simply remove packages by typing sudo apt-get remove packagename

You can also remove modules without compiling a kernel by simply doing a rmmod modulename

If you want to disable or remove some modules or functionalities from the kernel that you don't use, you can do that when you configure your kernel, then compile the kernel, update your bootloader and reboot.

Basically you'll do:

Download kernel source
Decompress
Make your changes
Compile
Update bootloader
Reboot new kernel

For help on what kind of things to remove, i would say every software that's related to hardware that you don't have, for example:

If you don't have bluetooth and don't plan on having in the future,
remove all bluetooth related software/modules/options;
If you have one intel (or other) graphic card, remove other graphic card's
software;
If you don't have TV card's, USB joysticks, etc, etc

If you need help on compiling the kernel from source read the official documentation here and here or here


Kernel panic Ubuntu 20.04 and initramfs unpacking failed

You probably have a corrupt ramdisk file.
If you can boot into Recovery Mode/Root Access, in your most current kernel, type:
sudo update-initramfs -c -k $(uname -r)
If you can't boot into Recovery Mode, boot to the 5.4.0-42 kernel version, then:
ls -al /boot
You'll see something similar to this:
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   237769 Aug 26 06:15 config-5.4.0-45-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   237769 Sep  4 12:08 config-5.4.0-47-generic
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root     1024 Dec 31  1969 efi
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root     4096 Sep 16 14:21 grub
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root       27 Sep 13 18:27 initrd.img -> initrd.img-5.4.0-47-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 49932343 Sep  4 14:34 initrd.img-5.4.0-45-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 49932783 Sep 16 14:21 initrd.img-5.4.0-47-generic
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root       27 Sep 13 18:27 initrd.img.old -> initrd.img-5.4.0-45-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   182704 Aug 18 03:46 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   184380 Aug 18 03:46 memtest86+.elf
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   184884 Aug 18 03:46 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw-------  1 root root  4740251 Aug 26 06:15 System.map-5.4.0-45-generic
-rw-------  1 root root  4740251 Sep  4 12:08 System.map-5.4.0-47-generic
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root       24 Sep 13 18:27 vmlinuz -> vmlinuz-5.4.0-47-generic
-rw-------  1 root root 11670272 Aug 26 06:19 vmlinuz-5.4.0-45-generic
-rw-------  1 root root 11670272 Sep  4 12:18 vmlinuz-5.4.0-47-generic
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root       24 Sep 13 18:27 vmlinuz.old -> vmlinuz-5.4.0-45-generic

Note that in my example, my most current linux kernel version is 5.4.0-47-generic.
Now type this command:
sudo update-initramfs -c -k 5.4.0-47-generic
replacing 5.4.0-47-generic with your most current (failing) version.
reboot
Update #1:
Let's check your file system...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in “Try Ubuntu” mode
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors

- type reboot
Let's check your disk SMART status...
Open the Disks application. Select your disk in the left pane. Go to the "hamburger" icon, and select SMART Data & Tests. Take screenshot(s) of the scrollable data window and edit them into your question.
Update #2:
Time to reinstall Ubuntu.


How to switch to a desired layout using a command?

Since you're using the default XInput instead of ibus or such.

You can run setxkbmap [your layout] from a terminal window or in console mode.


Why does everyone insist that Ruby be installed via rvm and not by compiling?

What it boils down to is that ruby is a completely ecosystem, and it was not designed to have sudo in front of it for anything.

So it is recommended to use rvm (or rbenv or rbfu), since that way you should never have to use sudo.


It seems that Windows is in hibernation mode and so the disk is still mounted.

To change it boot into the Windows 10 installation and disable hibernation.

To disable hibernation open command prompt as administrator and execute :

powercfg /h off

After having done this - shutdown the machine completely - do NOT reboot !

Now reinstall GRUB boot loader to your Ubuntu installation  in EFI mode.

Boot from the Ubuntu installation media - open a terminal and execute:

sudo mount /dev/sd*** /mnt
sudo mount /dev/sd** /mnt/boot/efi
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
sudo chroot /mnt
grub-install /dev/sd*
update-grub

Note:

sd* = disk | sd** = efi partition | sd*** = system partition

To identify the partition numbers use GParted - it is included in the Ubuntu installation media.

Boot into BIOS and select Ubuntu in UEFI settings to be the default operating system to boot.

Note : It is not clear from your question whether you already have Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS installed.
In case you don't have any Ubuntu edition installed ... you can skip the part of reinstalling GRUB.


How about:

for f in *; do mv "$f" "$f"_$(wc -l < "$f"); done

For example:

$ wc -l *
 10 file1
 40 file2
100 file3
$ ls
file1_10  file2_40  file3_100

If you want to keep extensions (if present), use this instead:

for f in *; do
    ext="";
    [[ $f =~ \. ]] && ext="."${f#*.};
    mv "$f" "${f%%.*}"_$(wc -l < "$f")$ext;
done


A vmdk disk for a virtual system is like a bare hardware disk for a native system. You can't mount bare disks, only filesystems. So you have to partition your vmdk disk and make filesystems on it (with gparted and mkfs).

Partitioning gives you a partition named /dev/sdb1.
Then you create a filesystem with for example mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1. Now you can mount /dev/sdb1.


How can I spin down external hard drive?

You can safely unmount and spin-down an external hard disk from the terminal most easily by using the command-line functionality of udisks, which does not require the use of sudo if your system is set up correctly. (To list your device names, enter mount in the terminal first.)

When you have found your external drive, use the following commands. You must first unmount the partition (use sdb1 or whatever mount showed as the location):

udisks --unmount /dev/sdb1

Then to safely remove (i.e. spindown- you will hear it click and spin-down), use only sdb, for example:

udisks --detach /dev/sdb

NOTE: It is of crucial importance here that you use sdb or sdc without a partition number when using the detach option; i.e. sdb1 or sdc1 will not work. The partition must be unmounted first and then the disk itself spun down as the examples show.

The udisks commands work successfully for all my pata and sata external hard disks.


Cannot launch Unity Game Engine on Ubuntu 16.10

go to this path
Unity/Editor/Data/Tools/libgpg-error.so.0
and remove
libgpg-error.so.0


Error when trying to install mysql server

/usr/share/mysql-common/configure-symlinks: No such file or directory

See: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mysql-5.6/+bug/1455818
This problem was fixed in 5.6.27 version according to bug report.

Update:
OP says he uses Ubuntu 15.10 even though he has a tag 14.04 in his question.

While 15.10 is EOL, you should have access to 5.6.31 version of MySQL
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/wily/+package/mysql-server

The sources.list file lines you posted show xenial (16.04). I believe you upgraded the system. I hope everything is working now :)


How to play music files directly from folders?

You can achieve this with a Nautilus script.

First install a ruby package

sudo apt-get install ruby-1.9.1

Then copy this text into a text editor and save the file in ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts. Call it something like 'Play'.

#!/usr/bin/env ruby1.9.1
require 'find'

PLAYER = "banshee"
PLAYER_OPTIONS = ["--play-enqueued"]

def play *f
    IO.popen [PLAYER, *PLAYER_OPTIONS, *f] do |io|
        io.read
    end
end

def is_audio f
    begin
        io = IO.popen ['file', '--mime-type', f]
        op = io.read.split(' ')
        r = op[op.length-1] =~ /audio/
        io.close
        r
    rescue
    end
end

files = []

ARGV.each do |f|
    if File.directory? f
        Find.find f do |f|
            files << f if is_audio(f)
        end
    else
        files << f if is_audio(f)
    end
end

play(*files)

Open ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts in the file manager, right click on the file, click properties and make it executable.

You can now right click on some files and select scripts -> Play to play all of the music files you have selected.


How to redirect apache /var/www to the home directory and access all the directories and files in my home directory?

I must warn you that what you wish to do is very risky and I don't suggest you to do it so.

But if you yet wish to do it AT YOUR OWN RISK:

You can change your default folder for www content by editing the information provided inside the /etc/apache2/sites-available/default file. By dropping sudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default and changing any occurrence of the /var/www and setting the folder that you wish to use.

The contents of the file will look like this:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

    DocumentRoot /home/geppettvs/www
    <Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
    </Directory>
    <Directory /home/geppettvs/www/>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride None
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
    </Directory>

    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
    <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
        AllowOverride None
        Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

    # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
    # alert, emerg.
    LogLevel warn

    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

    Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
    <Directory "/usr/share/doc/">
        Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Order deny,allow
        Deny from all
        Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

In this case I am using my /home/geppettvs/www folder in order to place the files that will be exposed to the public via http connections (port 80).

Give this a try. I hope this help you.

Please note that you may experience some issues when attempting to do certain things in some files or folders from the root directory if you don't give them the proper permissions but that's worth another question.

Good luck!


Adding directory to PATH, various ways and differences

Add it to /root/.bashrc, /etc/profile, and /etc/bash.bashrc. It should work :)

The reason is that sudo uses the /root files, and not the system-wide files (or at least, in my experience).


Unable to mount wd my passport 1 TB hard disk on ubuntu 12.10

Western Digital use a proprietary hardware method to supposedly achieve FDE (Full disk encryption) although it actually appears to be just a blocker, not encryption.  It doesn't conform to the specification for FDE.

There's no Linux solution to this since Western Digital will not provide one. There are reports of people being able to unlock the drive however, buy installing Windows in a VM, unlocking the drive, then disconnect the drive from the VM. Linux/Ubuntu will then be able to access it for that session.

Most people seem to be recommending that the password protection be turned off after which the drive can be used normally.  According to reports the drive does not need to be unencrypted, and there is no further trouble accessing the drive.  eg Ubuntu Forums


If you can change the resolution setting on ubuntu side , that can be better .
On the Mac , i use TurboVnc ( https://sourceforge.net/projects/turbovnc/ ) and TurboVnc has many settings to tune the bandwidth ( Menu preferences/encoding )
My best setting With TurboVnc  was this :

Allow JPEG COMPRESSION

JPEG chrominance 4X

JPEG image quality 50

Compression level 6


How do I export a group of photos from Shotwell to a folder?

There are numerous ways to export a group of pictures selected in Shotwell.

The file pane at the left hand side of the application window is a virtual library  with a directory structure and folder names that do not map directly to the system's file directories. This can throw you off if you're coming from windows because the photo managers I've used there display a file directory identical to the system file directory, so you can drag and drop pictures to move the files around.

With Shotwell it's a bit more involved; Here's how to do it:

First create the group of pictures you wish to move about your file system -- here is a short, screenshot-laden tutorial for two ways of doing that: http://www.linuceum.com/Desktop/Shotwell.php -- but to make things flow, I'll add a method not mentioned in the linked tutorial: flags.

Navigate through your Shotwell directories, and flag the photos you want to include in the group of pictures you wish to move. Do this by right clicking the thumbnail, and selecting 'flag' from the right-click menu.

In the file pane towards the top you will see a directory named "flagged." Click on that directory, and all the photos you've flagged will display in the viewing pane. Select all the photos--control A--and click on the 'file' menu at the top of left of the screen. Select Export...and a dialog will pop up, which ends with the file manager's file choosing screen, where you can choose or create the directory to where you wish to move the selected photos. That's it.

I should note that you aren't actually moving the photos. You are but creating copies of them.


yeah !! in my old days, i was mad about customization.. and it was fun, anyways

You should try this http://www.noobslab.com/2014/04/macbuntu-1404-pack-is-released.html

it includes :

Mac OS X Lion Theme, Icons and cursors:

Apply MBuntu Splash

Indicator Synapse (Alternative to Spotlight)

Replace 'Ubuntu Desktop' text with 'Mac' on the Panel

Replace Overlay Scroll-bars with Normal and many more features.


Can't rename directory by changing upper- to lower-case on hfs+ partition

After digging around further, I found the solution to this issue.
It is actually possible to format an hfs+ partition in OS X as case-sensitive, unjournaled. There's no way to switch an existing case-insensitive partition to case-sensitive.

The option to disable journaling (or to format a vol as case-sensitive, not journaled) has been removed from the OS X Disk Utility in El Capitan (which is the version I'm running) but it can still be done:

Depending on how the disk is partitioned, it might be necessary to carve out the disk space first on Linux. I'm fairly sure it doesn't matter what type of partition, but just to be careful, I created hfs+ to make sure there were no weird access issues on the OS X side.
In OS X, use Disk Utility to format the partition as HFS+ Case-Sensitive, Journaled.
Still in OS X, in Terminal, run sudo diskutil disableJournal /dev/volname. You can run this with the disk mounted or unmounted. (If you're not sure of the disk or volume name, diskutil list will list them all).

OR

I did not test this to verify, but according to apple documentation this is how to format hfsplus case-sensitive, non-journaled at the command line:
Instead of formatting in Disk Utility and then turning off journaling, sudo diskutil eraseVolume "Case-sensitive HFS+" /dev/volname will accomplish the same thing in one step.

And that's it.  I tested it out back in Ubuntu, using the same "DropBox" name change test I used before, and it all looks good.

Side note: From the number of posted questions on the subject, it appears that mounting hfs+ as rw in Ubuntu is problematic for many. The syntax for designating mount of an hfs+ partition as rw in fstab is UUID=<UUID> /mountpoint hfsplus rw,exec,auto,user 0 0, assuming you want the typical options for a non-system data vol.  If you want something different, this article is really helpful.  You will also probably need to sudo chown -R user /mountpoint the mountpoint.


Start by reading man wget. Some options I use with wget are: --no-parent --relative --page-requisites --convert-links -nv -t 3 --waitretry=6 --random-wait, but that is all explained in the man page.


Stopping lightdm while trying to install nvidia driver ends-up to black screen

First of all, it's always a good practice to only install and use tested and reliable drivers from Ubuntu repositories.

Here is what I would done If I wanted to install Nvidia proprietary driver.

As your question states, the driver is complaining about a running X server.

I ran the command you mentioned to stop X, and as you said I end-up with a black screen too, but when I pressed: CTRL+ALT+F2 I went to tty2 and I was able to login and do my stuff without any running X Server.

So it seems when you stop lightdm, you are still at the tty7 which graphical environment was running and it's not anymore, thats why you are getting a black screen. just change the tty with CTRL+ALT+F1 or to F6 and you will be good to go.

Anyway if you have some problems with that approach and it does not works for you, you can always kill the x:

pkill Xorg

But let it for when nothing else works.

You can also try the installation process by going into multi-user.target like:

sudo systemctl isolate multi-user.target

If you've got trouble with this one too (which is rare).

Reboot your system
When grub menu appears press e to edit the menu
At the end of line which starts with linux add systemd.unit=multi-user.target
Press ctrl+x

Your system will bootup into multi-user target without a running X server. do your installation. then run:

sudo systemctl isolate graphical.target

To run the graphical environment, or reboot the system if driver need it.


speech-dispatcher disabled; edit /etc/default/speech-dispatcher

I got the same error while installing. I just reset the virtual machine at that point and it started ok.


Is there a manufacturer unique identifier on a hard drive and how do I read that identifier?

If you open the Disk Utility application (default in Ubuntu) you get all the information regarding the disks in your computer.

Edit: command line output:

xxx@xxx$ sudo hdparm -i /dev/sda | grep Model
 Model=SAMSUNG HD753LJ, FwRev=1AA01113, SerialNo=S13UJDWQ907130


Backup Windows files using Ubuntu - Unable to find Windows partition

It seems most likely that the hard drive and the file system is damaged and it is not possible to mount the drive in the normal way.  The Ubuntu LiveCD will have no problems reading a good NTFS partition - it will be accessible through Nautilus File manager.

If the Windows file system does not show up in Nautilus, try mounting the drive as read only.  Open a terminal window and type:

sudo mount -r -t ntfs /dev/sda1 /mnt

(replace /sda1 by the name of your Windows partition, you can check it via 'sudo blkid' or 'sudo parted -l')

If this works with no errors you can then access your data in terminal or Nautilus under the directory /mnt, for example

cd "/mnt/Documents and Settings/yourusername/Documents"

and so on.  If you use terminal (bash) then be aware that Linux is case sensitive.  If you type 'documents' instead of 'Documents' it will not work.

You will not be able to modify anything on the hard drive because it will be mounted read only.  This is a good thing given the current state of the drive.  You will need another hard drive with enough capacity make your backup on.

Good Luck!

If the mount works but the contents of /mnt don't look right, it might be because it's the wrong partition (the above assumes windows installed on the the first (sda1) partition.  If you can't find the correct partition then paste the output of the following bash command here:

sudo fdisk -l

so that we can have a look.


I've very similar problem with touch-pad (I haven't mouse). I tried this solution:

Run "Mouse and Touch Pad".
Open "Touch Pad" tab.
Untick checkbox "Disable touchpad while typing".

I'm not sure about the solution. But maybe it can help you.