There are a few ways to copy your config and set up. It depends on how big the changes you have made. And if you are upgrading to a new version. Some of the methods are useful when upgrading between versions but be careful as they can stop some software form working correctly.

Method 1: Fresh install

The most robust and stable way is a fresh install and then copy the config and re-install all your packages. This also work from an old version to a new version. There are ways to make this happen quite quickly, and automate most of the process. The slowest part would be having to download all the packages not included in your install media. I had the 8 dvd disk images that allowed me to install much faster then downloading.

I would recommend this option as setting up and install grub, can render your system unusable. You need to have a solid grasp of grub to use method 2.

Before you do your new install (new laptop) you need to copy some information off your old install (old laptop).

Your setup or configuration

All the files that save your customization are stored in two places. The first and most import is your /home/[username] directory. There can be hundreds of .[package-config-dir] files and directories. I am going to list the most important but you can have more and add more if you want. This process can cause problems with packages not working correctly. So be careful when you do this. Make a back up of you fresh install before you paste your new directories.

These directories and files are not very large, and will probably only take a few hundred megabytes. This method is also useful between upgrades. You can quite quickly copy all the configuration changes you made between Ubuntu versions.

By default most programs create the .[package-config-dir] when they run the first time. If it does not exist it is recreated. You should not rely on this behavior as not all programs will work like this.

Using Nautilus, navigate to your home directory (/home/[username])
Select "View menu →  Show Hidden Files" (or Ctrl+H)
You should now see all the hidden .* directories. You might need to do this as root. simply start nautilus as root from a command line.

Select the following directories and copy them to a separate directory.

/home/aaron/.config
/home/aaron/.gconf
/home/aaron/.gnome2
/home/aaron/.gnome2_private
/home/aaron/.local
/home/aaron/.mozilla

I have made changes to these files. So I copy them as well.

/home/aaron/.bash_aliases
/home/aaron/.bashrc
/home/aaron/.vimrc

There may be many other packages that you use that don't store the configuration in these directories.  Copy them as well, but be warned if the programs don't work as expected. You might need to restore the .* file or directory. You could do this by simply deleting the file or directory, but you should have made a back up before copying over the directories.
Depending on how you use your system. You might have made changes to some of the files in the /etc directory. If you have you should copy them as well. I create a custom smb.conf file for work and I have many Apache virtual hosts I use for development so I copy them as well.  You could copy your whole /etc directory but this can create problems if you machine does not have exactly the same set up in terms of hardware. Which it wont going from one machine to another.

/etc/samba/smb.conf
/etc/hosts
/etc/apache2 # the whole directory.

Copy your config files before or after you install new software. Don't do this while an software package install is currently running. You could break the installation.

Your installed packages

Using Synaptic you can export all your installed packages quite easily using the export markings menu option.

File menu → Save markings as
Check "Save full state, not only changes"
Choose a name and directory to save this file (You will probably have to put this on a flash drive.)

You can then reload all your installed packages by reversing the process:

File menu → Read markings
Select the file you created in the first step.

This will probably take the longest. If you download a lot of packages (1Gb of packages), this will take a few hours.

Method 2: Using disk images

I will make method 2 as a separate post. This is a more advanced option. It requires you understand partitions, install grub, and use the command line.

How to copy an Ubuntu install from one laptop to another


How to run a WiFi hot spot from Ubuntu 16.04?

Disable WIFI and plug in an internet cable to your laptop so that your Ubuntu is connect to a wired internet and wireless is disabled.
Go to Network Icon on top panel -> Edit Connections …, then click the Add button in the pop-up window.
Choose Wi-Fi from the drop-down menu and click the Create button:
In next window, do:

  Type in a connection name.
  Select mode: Hotspot Device.
  from drop-down menu. create-wifi-hotspotThe name will be used later.
  Type in a SSIDMAC address: select your wireless card

Go to Wi-Fi Security tab, select security type WPA & WPA2 Personal and set a password.
Go to IPv4 Settings tab, from Method drop-down box select Shared to other computers.
When done, click the save button.
Go to Network Icon again and you will see the created hotspot ubuntu.
When everything’s done, enable WIFI from Network Manager icon on the panel. It should automatically connect to the hotspot you created. If not, select Connect to Hidden Wi-Fi Network … and select it from the drop-down box.
Now you can search and connect the access point from your Android mobile and enjoy!

Reference.


Is it possible to install Ubuntu Mate 15.04 on a Raspberry 2 without display and keyboard?

You don't need a display or keyboard to do the install as you copy the image to your SD card to make the install (as most of the time with raspberry install)

After the install, you can try to ssh to the raspberry pi.

If that does not work, you need to create manually a user. Insert you SD card in your notebook or whatever and mount the system partition of ubuntu mate.

Either chroot (might not work because of incompatible arch) and useradd a user or change manually /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group


Settings for multiple monitors are not stored

There are 2 basic approaches you can take. The first is to utilize randr which will allow you to create one large virtual display in which you can position your monitors. The second is to utilize xinerama which will allow you to have 2 separate X screens which will function as one large display. I will cover both here and you can decide which is more appropriate for your needs.

RandR - Resize and Rotate

You can dynamically enable dual head by using XRandR

xrandr --output foo --above bar

There is also a gui frontend for this called arandr which is in the 12.04 repos, but it would seem that you want a more static configuration.

It could be as simple as creating /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-monitor.conf with the contents:

Section "Monitor"
  Identifier     "Monitor0"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
  Identifier     "Monitor1"
  Option         "Above" "Monitor0"
EndSection

This method implies an randr setup. There are some notable drawbacks if using xrandr with monitors of different resolutions. Windows may be improperly placed, there may be black areas on one screen, etc..

When you run xrandr without command line options you can find out which Identifier you need to use in your 10-monitor.conf. Then restart Ubuntu to see if the settings are loaded.

Xinerama
To enable xinerama you need to modify /etc/X11/xorg.conf:

Section "ServerFlags"
  Option    "Xinerama" "true"
EndSection

It might be as simple as that as X is pretty good about automagically configuring things based on hardware detection. But, if simply turning the xinerama extension on does not provide the functionality you desire, you may opt to fully configure X to use xinerama. There are a few ways to configure X. You could have multiple files in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/, some for your monitors, some for the devices, etc. I will cover having a single xorg.conf file that contains all the settings using a modified version of my current setup.

Section "ServerLayout"
    Identifier     "DualHead"
    Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0
    Screen      1  "Screen1" Above "Screen0"
    Option         "Xinerama" "1"                # You can specify xinerama here
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier     "Device0"                     # A Device section for each monitor
    Driver         "nvidia"                      # Specify the driver to use
    VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
    BoardName      "GeForce GT 430"
    BusID          "PCI:1:0:0"                   # Use lspci | grep VGA to find BusID
    Screen          0                            # Do note the screen number
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier     "Device1"
    Driver         "nvidia"
    VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
    BoardName      "GeForce GT 430"
    BusID          "PCI:1:0:0"
    Screen          1                            # Do note the screen number
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier     "Monitor0"
    VendorName     "Unknown"
    ModelName      "Gateway HX2000"
    HorizSync       31.0 - 83.0
    VertRefresh     56.0 - 76.0
    Option         "DPMS"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier     "Monitor1"
    VendorName     "Unknown"
    ModelName      "DELL 1907FPV"
    HorizSync       30.0 - 81.0
    VertRefresh     56.0 - 76.0
    Option         "DPMS"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier     "Screen0"
    Device         "Device0"
    Monitor        "Monitor0"
    DefaultDepth    24
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier     "Screen1"
    Device         "Device1"
    Monitor        "Monitor1"
    DefaultDepth    24
EndSection

Obviously you will need to modify this to suit your hardware, but the basic skeleton is there for you.

Do note that I have recently read that Intel might have issues with xinerama. You may find yourself needing to utilize your discrete graphics card.


How to permit routes declarations to load views in separate file in Apache2?

I don't have an exact idea why the above configuration works on Vagrant but not on native Apache. My experience show me that, when the Apache's configuration is not  strict enough, it works sometimes and sometimes it doesn't work. Especially when you have migrated from one to other Apache's version. Also several times I've read that it is preferable to avoid using of Rewrite rules if it is possible.

So I would prefer to setup my virtual host with separate configuration file, that should look like that:

ServerName myurl.com # Remove this line if there is another ServerName directive at the global level, or change it to 'ServerName localhost' if you want.

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerName myurl.com
        ServerAlias www.myurl.com
        ServerAdmin info@myurl.com
        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/myurl.com.error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/myurl.com.access.log combined

        # Redirect Requests to HTTPS
        Redirect permanent "/" "https://myurl.com/"
</VirtualHost>

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
        ServerName myurl.com
        ServerAlias www.myurl.com
        ServerAdmin info@myurl.com
        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/myurl.com.error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/myurl.com.access.log combined

        DocumentRoot /var/www/myurl.com/public_html
        <Directory /var/www/myurl.com/public_html>
               Options None FollowSymLinks
               AllowOverride None
               # Use 'AllowOverride All' to enable all .htaccess overrides
               DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
               Order allow,deny
               Allow from all
               Require all granted
        </Directory>

        SSLEngine on
        SSLCertificateFile /path/to/your/cert.file
        SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/your/privkey.file
        SSLCertificateChainFile /path/to/your/chain.file
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>

Create new configuration file: /etc/apache2/sites-available/myurl.com.conf. Where you should paste and modify the above lines.

Disable the current configuration file. Probably you should use a2dissite. Then enable the new configuration file: sudo a2ensite myurl.com.conf. And restart Apache. I think it should work now.

Additionally, within the above configurations booth http://myurl.com and http://www.myurl.com will redirect all requests to https://myurl.com. However the address https://www.myurl.com will be accessible when it is requested. If you want redirections as these:

http://myurl.com to https://myurl.com and
http://www.myurl.com to https://www.myurl.com.

You should remove the directive ServerAlias from the <VirtualHost *:80> definition and create another one:

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerName myurl.com
        ...
        Redirect permanent "/" "https://myurl.com/"
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerName www.myurl.com
        ...
        Redirect permanent "/" "https://www.myurl.com/"
</VirtualHost>

...


Try setting your best resolution using xrandr command mentioned here and see if it works for you.


For some weird reason, This usually happen after each Ubuntu dist upgrade, and start working by:

$ sudo rfkill block bluetooth
$ sudo rfkill unblock bluetooth


Which display manager should I use? LightDM or GDM?

The default in Ubuntu is LightDM, but if it works I see no reason to lose sleep over it.

I am not aware of any difference between the two from a hardware performance aspect.


adb shell on BQ Aquaris fails with "error: closed"

adb can only connect to a device if the device's screen is on and unlocked.

This is a security measure so that no one can circumvent your lock screen by accessing your phone via adb.
That is the reason that one has to set a lock to enable developer mode as well.

By unlocking your phone you give the proof to adb that you have the permission to access the phone and it will connect.


I hope that you're not using the command line often. If so, you can try executing the "history" command and find those 2 commands your friend executed.

You may also find modified files this way (taken from http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-osxfind-files-by-date/):

touch --date "2013-01-01" /tmp/start
touch --date "2013-03-01" /tmp/end
find /etc -type f -newer /tmp/start -not -newer /tmp/end

But this is very trickly since you don't know what you're searching for...

He probably (un)installed something or changed some configuration file.

In both cases, your system may be "returned back" to a standard state by reinstalling the network related packages, for example:

sudo apt-get install aptitude
sudo aptitude reinstall <something>

, where  may be the package (containing modified configuration) your friend touched. Or "everything" if necessary.
 During the reinstallation, the package installer should ask you whether you want returning the default configuration back or not...

I also had problems with Wifi on my old Lenovo laptop, but newer Ubuntu version solved it for me automatically. The previous solution was uninstalling the network-manager and installing the "wicd" instead. This is no longer necessary and not recommended as well.


Dual monitors not working on Dell xps 13 9350 with Ubuntu 18

Try

sudo apt install bolt

Ensure you have all of the drivers available to you (there is an operating system drop down)


Those may be crucially essential files. Instead, you should run:

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean


After you connect to the Windows server, does pressing CTRL+S work? (the CTRL button on the right side of your keyboard). In any case, you should upgrade to the latest Remmina (much much better) with these three simple commands:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:remmina-ppa-team/remmina-next

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install remmina remmina-plugin-rdp


Error When I upload any file to web server

It seems that the permissions of your Wordpress installation are not properly set up. Try running the following commands in the root directory:

sudo find . -type f -exec chmod 664 {} +
sudo find . -type d -exec chmod 775 {} +
sudo chmod 660 wp-config.php

This is an example permission setup of course. By using it, you grant users of the Wordpress site the appropriate permissions for reading and modifying the files and directories, while having to access to the configuration file of the installation.

See this page for more info: http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/05/proper-wordpress-filesystem-permissions-ownerships/


Email-client such as Evolution with Sent-emails -folder?

It depends on multiple issues. The word Evolution is a bit red-herring, the same politics works over different devices -- more here with Android -- of course the UI is different with Evolution, go to Edit > Preferences > Sending Email > Defaults > Sent.

IMAP or POP3?

  If you use IMAP and multiple devices, please, note that your settings must correspond to each other over every email-client -- more here. If you use some Online-email-client, you must make sure its settinsg are correct -- for example, Gmail Labels set to invisible makes also your Evolution Sent emails invisible. If your server-side email-client such as mutt has a wrong record -field, it means every IMAP email-client will malfunction. If your Gmail filters has some odd Delete It, it may delete all of your sent -emails -- also a possible reason why IMAP -mailbox may not work.

  Now POP3 is much simpler. It just directs every email to different mailboxes, meaning you need to replicate your work over multiple devices -- driving you mad if you have many email-clients like me: mutt in Server, Evolution in Desktop, K9 in Android, iOS email in iPad etc. But the good side is that the settings between different email-clients won't intercept one another the way they do with IMAP -configured mailboxes.

Perhaps useful

  https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/29065/email-client-with-sent-emails-from-many-emails-under-imap
  https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/63537/how-can-i-specify-the-sent-folder-for-gmail-on-ipad


You don't need another program -- you can actually solve your problems, using youtube-dl.  Use

youtube-dl -i ..playlist..

The -i flag will cause youtube-dl to continue if it encounters any errors.  If one video in the playlist can't be downloaded, it'll skip that video and continue on to the next, thanks to the -i flag.

There is no need to specify any command-line options to specify the quality.  The defaults are reasonable: the default is to download the highest-quality video and audio available, which probably makes sense in most cases.

If you don't like specifying flags on the command line, you can put them in youtube-dl's configuration file (e.g., ~/.config/youtube-dl/config).

It's amazing what you can find when you read the manual page!


Enabling Mouse Navigation on KDE without GUI

I don't know if my answer applies to your specific version of plasma, assuming of course that you are still using the same version a year and a half later.
Graphical Answer
In newer versions of Plasma the 'Keyboard Navigation' tab appears to be under 'Accessiblity', not 'Input Devices'. It is now called 'Mouse Navigation'

Text-based Answer
You can turn on Mouse Navigation from the shell using the following command:
kwriteconfig5 --file ~/.config/kaccessrc --group Mouse --key MouseKeys --type bool true

or by editing the ~/.config/kaccessrc file manually, as you did, to set MouseKeys to true.
This will enable keyboard control of the mouse when you next log in. If you want it enabled without having to log out, run the following command, which takes 5–10 seconds on my system:
kquitapp5 plasmashell && kstart5 plasmashell &

The final & is important as it starts the process in the background and you won't kill the plasmashell if you close the terminal emulator you used to run the command.
The kquitapp5 ... command was given to me in answer to a question I asked about a similar topic.


Did you install the proprietary display driver?
As I think, the fans are on fire because the temperature of your video card is bit higher than usual.
Installing the display driver provided by Nvidia should fix the problem.
Run this command in Terminal:

  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install nvidia-current


It looks like there could be a bug bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/systemd/+bug/1647031 which is affecting you more because you need to use the assigned dns from your school.

As a workaround you could try adding the ip address of your school's dns to /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/tail and running sudo resolvconf -u the format of the contents of tail should be

nameserver xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx


I think it caused by this bug: Cannot assign to non-existent property "tools"

The fix has landed in ubuntu-ui-toolkit - 1.3.1984+16.10.20160527.2, it's available for 16.10

Apart from this, I found it works on my 16.04 system by changing the import form:

 import Ubuntu.Components 1.3

To

 import Ubuntu.Components 1.2


Various checks:

In pavucontrol , does vumeter move when playing   ? As your sound device is the 2nd one (as seen in alsamixer) ,  I suppose you know that you must select it as default in devices tab with green button .
After that and if you have dual boot , check fastboot is disabled  in windows .
As you have problem since update, the new alsa driver may need additional parameter :
you can try to check your codec model :
cat /proc/asound/card0/codec#* |grep Cod
Then search your codec  here or here and from the available models under this codec,  add line  with a similar  model to your pc at the end of  file:
/etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
F.i. if codec is ALC898 and pc is Lenovo Yoga:
options snd-hda-intel model=lenovo-y530
Try also
options snd-hda-intel model=auto

Command to check codec errors at boot:
dmesg |grep codec


How to reach a Windows machine by hostname?

Sooo... It seems all I had to do was install the winbind package, contrary to some Google knowledge stating it's only needed for authentication.

Maybe winbind was part of the standard desktop installation and dropped from the Maverick CD?


Ubuntu Software Center does not work Ubuntu 16.10

You have 2 alternative ways to install .deb files.

1)Using Gdebi

This is a GUI application that handles with installing .deb files to the system. You can download it using the command:

sudo apt-get install gdebi

After you installed the app simply go to the application that you want to install, right click and choose "open with Gdebi" by using Open with option.

2)Using terminal

You can always install downloaded .deb files by using:

sudo dpkg -i yourprogram.deb

Be carefull that you need to be on your directory that .deb file is located. You can right click in file manager and choose the option "open Terminal here".

With that you automatically get to the directory in the terminal and you only will need to copy&paste the command I wrote it.
Try these methods and give us feedback that your problem is solved.


Ubuntu 20.04 Slack 4.15.0 not using system proxy on VPN

I contacted slack support and resolved this by doing the following.

Remove the slack package installed from the ubuntu repo.
Remove the snap that the above package seems to install.
Download the .deb from the slack website.
Manually install the .deb downloaded from the slack website.


5 seconds after no audio - my speaker turns off

This odd behaviour can sometimes happen because of a feature they introduced in more recent versions of Ubuntu where it turns off the Intel HD Audio device after a few minutes of non-use to save battery. The downside is that popping noise you might experience a short while after audio has been inactive.

I had this same problem, and found the solution here.

To circumvent it, open this file as root /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

And add to the bottom of it:

options snd-hda-intel power_save=0 power_save_controller=N


Change the text according to match for each line

If you want to replace the leading $ (as per your original question) then the KISS approach is
sed '/^\$/{s/^\$/Yes/;s/$/ man/}' file

This can be abbreviated to
sed '/^\$/{s//Yes/;s/$/ man/}' file

by making use of the fact that // matches the previous regex.
A more sophisticated solution, making use of branching with the GNU sed T extension:
sed 's/^\$/Yes/;T;s/$/ man/' file

With non-GNU sed you would need to invert the branch logic:
sed 's/^\$/Yes/;ta;b;:a;s/$/ man/' file

If you want to preserve the leading $ (as per comments) then
sed '/^\$/{s/^/Yes /;s/$/ man/}' file


Traditionally, graphical terminal emulators offered 16 (8 and their bright counterparts) colors – in addition to the default foreground and background colors. These are the ones most applications pick from, and the ones whose exact RGB values are configurable in the dialog you show.

Later this was extended to a 256-color palette (the same 16 + 240 new ones (a 6*6*6 color cube and 24 grayscale values)). These are also configurable, but not via the graphical settings of Terminator. You can alter these values using the OSC 4 escape sequence, e.g. echo -ne '\e]4;16;#123456\e\\' to set palette index 16 to RGB #123456. Verify by echo -e '\e[38:5:16mtest\e[m' which prints "test" in this color. The index goes from 0 to 15 for the legacy values, and from 16 to 255 for the extended ones. (Also note that OSC 4 takes effect retroactively on text already printed using this color palette index, that is, a newly issued OSC 4 with another RGB value recolors the previously printed "test".)

In practice, however, these new 240 colors aren't typically reconfigured, and have the exact same RGB values across most terminal emulators. Probably redefining them isn't the best approach.

Most likely the syntax highlighting of your editor – or wherever you took that screenshot – uses these extended colors, that's how you get that light green. In addition to reconfiguring the 256-color palette, another approach is to modify the syntax highlighting to use different colors, or to avoid using the extended palette. For the latter, exporting TERM=xterm instead of TERM=xterm-256color might be a workaround, as it claims that the terminal only supports 8/16 colors instead of 256, and your editor will probably pick a different color scheme which doesn't use extended colors.

Some terminals, including Terminator also supports direct true colors. If your text editor switches to light green using direct RGB values (without referring to one of the 256 palette colors), there's no other way to change it than change the actual RGB values in the editor's configuration.


How to disable "ctrl + alt + Fn" shortcut?

Go to System settings... -> Keyboard Layout -> Options...,
unwind Miscellaneous compatibility options,
check Special keys (Ctrl+Alt+<key>) handled in a server.

Please, be aware it will also disable some other shortcuts (e.g. ctrl+alt++ and ctrl+alt+- used to switch video modes).


jre not installed on firefox when using Citrix Access Gateway

You have to allow Java applets in your browser.

Install the Java Plugin

sudo apt-get install icedtea-plugin
Click the menu button, choose Add-ons.
In the Add-ons Manager tab, select the Plugins panel.
Activate, if necessary, the Java Plugin
Start a test

If the plugin doesn't work correctly, than follow the next steps.
Install the Oracle Java (with the Java Plugin) with a PPA

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

After that set Oracle Java 8 as default

 sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-set-default


Multiple dpkg postinst script and other errors while upgrading Ubuntu 18.04

Very simple. As the errors that you receive such as "Package console-setup-linux is not configured yet" allude to, your applications have not yet been configured. Do so with:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

then try upgrading again. if it gives you the error that you "have held broken packages" input:

sudo apt -f install

then run sudo apt upgrade

note: apt-get is no longer necessary. You can simply type sudo apt upgrade for example and accomplish the same thing.


I was experiencing the same thing. The problem is that the Exec=skype-wrapper line in the /usr/share/app-install/desktop/skype.desktop file is wrong. The executable skype-wrapper doesn't exist. If you change that line to Exec=skype then it will work.

I've opened https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/app-install-data-partner/+bug/1194322 to track the bug.


TP-LINK TL-WN722N bad connection quality

Found a workaround, I used Windows Wireless Drivers tool

sudo apt-get install ndisgtk

I used windows XP x64 driver, works fine.


Unable to install ffmpeg on Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS

DK Bose's comment works on Ubuntu 18.04.2 server.

sudo add-apt-repository universe && sudo apt upgrade

Then sudo apt install ffmpeg will succeed.


What is the correct way to share directories with Ubuntu running in a Virtual Box VM with correct permissions?

I've figured it out!

To reproduce:

Shutdown the VM, add shared folders in VBox's settings (Permanent=Yes, Auto-Mount=No)
Start the VM
From a terminal, run umask && id as the normal user to get something like this:

002 # this is your umask
uid=1000(luser) gid=1000(luser) groups=1000(luser),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),109(lpadmin),124(sambashare),125(vboxsf)

sudo mkdir -p /media/sf_src # src is the shared directory

To mount the src directory as a test:

sudo mount.vboxsf -o umask=002,gid=1000,uid=1000 src /media/sf_src
                           |   |        |        |   |-> where to mount
                           |   |        |        |       the file
                           |   |        |        |-> name of the shared dir
                           |   |        |            (in VBox settings)
                           |   |        |
                           \   |        /
                        from the `id` command

To automatically mount it on login, edit /etc/fstab and add the following:

src /media/sf_src vboxsf umask=002,gid=1000,uid=1000


What is actually happening here is that the window is not actually being closed but rather minimised to the left dash or favourites bar.

When you open an application, an icon appears in the dash under activities and you will observe a small circular flag to the left of it to show it is active.

If you then click on the minimise button, the item is being minimised exactly as you have commanded but you will note that the flag to the left of the icon in the dash remains in place indicating it is still active.

If you wish to restore it, simply click on the icon in the dock and the application will be restored as before. The application is not closed as such, when restored it will be in exactly the same condition it was before being minimised.

A similar thing will happen if you have the screen maximised and then press minimise.

The way to restore your application to its normal size state is to double click on the application header and it will be restored to its former condition. It can be resized if required thereafter by positioning your mouse pointer over a corner to drag it to size in the usual convention.


How to resume the upgrade of package downloads (10.04 -> 10.10)

To resume a release upgrade, you can run:

do-release-upgrade

Apt's upgrade and dist-upgrade only update packages in the current release.

Alternatively, you can run sudo update-manager -c, which will check for release upgrades:


16.04.4 kernel not supporting PERC H740p RAID controller even though 17.10 does

NOTE: This answer does NOT say "Install 17.10".  Under no circumstances do I suggest doing that.  This answer contains instructions for how to upgrade the kernel if you are already on 16.04, and tells you what packages you need to install within 16.04 to get the newer kernel.

Every Ubuntu system that is running on 16.04 is now considered in lsb_release's case to be 16.04.4 because all the other updates that were done to the disk image were already grabbed during standard Ubuntu updates/upgrades within the OS by update tasks such as sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade, and others.

With one exception: the kernel does not get upgraded automatically to the backported kernels.  That is only done on fresh installations because that's the kernel that ships on the installer disks. But, because not everything uses the HWE upgraded kernels, there are cases where you can't switch kernels because something else is unsupported in the newer kernel, or any other cases where you are dependent on a certain kernel, the system does not automatically upgrade you to the HWE 'updated' kernels.

You have to install linux-generic-hwe-16.04 and its dependent packages on a Xenial box to get to the newer 4.13 kernel that was backported:

sudo apt install linux-generic-hwe-16.04

The above command should work for you.  You may need to also run this afterwards to make sure GRUB sees the changes:

sudo update-grub

Once that's done, reboot your computer.  It should boot to the newer Kernel.

(A note: Just because the kernel is backported doesn't necessarily mean that your RAID controller is still supported - not everything backports cleanly, despite Kernel team efforts to enable hardware support)


Term for "Modified (by you or by a script) since installation." dialogue?

Modify - It means you or a script edited a configuration file. For example, if you install mysql server and then you go and edit the /etc/myql/my.cnf file. The next time you do an upgrade and this upgrade includes mysql, when the mysql package starts to install it will detect you modified the my.cnf, so this message you got will appear. The change can be as simple as changing a variable in the config file.

Selecting the D option will show you the difference between the modified file and the new one from the upgrade.

For the terminology about this package installing message, it will only appear if it detects a modified configuration file. From the Debian Handbook:

  Remember that during a package upgrade, the user gets to choose the
  version of the configuration file that should be kept when a
  modification has been detected. Any external modification of the file
  would trigger that request, which would disturb the administrator, who
  is sure not to have changed anything.

So there is no actual "terminology" but only a way of mentioning the act of. In this case, saying "The modified dialogue when I do an apt-get upgrade" or "apt-get upgrade asks what to do in the modified message" will be understood. At least by someone who has dealt with this question when upgrading.


SSD or USB for HTPC/Homeserver (only the OS)

I would probably find out what it is that starts using the disk at night, why it does it at night, and how to make it do that some other part of the day, preferably when you're not around. I would look for updatedb.

By default, Ubuntu runs certain tasks at 6:25am every day. This updates some databases, etc, and will cause disks to spin up. If that timing seems correct to you, then you can edit /etc/crontab. You will see a line line this one:

25 6    * * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily )

The first column is the minute of the hour, the next is the hour, then there is day of month, month and day of week. An asterisk means every. For instance, the hour column is set to * for the hourly scripts. So, if you edit it to say, 0 12 * * * blablabla, then it will run then it run every day at noon.

The scripts themselves, are stored in /etc/cron.hourly, cron.daily, etc. You can just add runnable scripts there in order to add features yourself.

I hope that helps. :)


How to downgrade user permissions on a java app after opening port 80/443

On ServerFault theres a similar question with a bunch of different solutions.


"An upgrade from 'precise' to 'oneiric' is not unsupported with this tool" error while upgrading


This particular network device has a history of throwing errors at boot time that Windows ignores and Linux pays attention to. That said, it can generally be fixed with the latest driver from Intel, though it does require a bit more effort.
Try this:

Download the latest driver from Intel (Version 3.8.4 as of this answer)
Extract the files and change to the src directory:cd e1000e-3.8.4/src/
Remove any existing e1000e drivers from the kernel:sudo rmmod e1000e
Compile the driver module:sudo make install
Load the module using modprobe:sudo modprobe e1000e

The output will be written to /lib/modules/updates/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000e/e1000e.ko. At this point you can test your network by accessing a website or pinging another machine on your network. So long as everything is good, you can make the change permanent with:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure linux-image-$(uname -r)
update-initramfs -u

Hope this helps.


How to add new caller to contacts ? ( BQ Aquaris E4.5 )

Choose the call, that you want to save the number of
Click on Call (this does not dial immediately)

Left of the number you see an icon depicting a person with a plus sign

Pressing it you get to the Add Contact option, where you can create a new contact or add the number to an existing one.


Adding second SSD with existing ubuntu and make it bootable

It's not worth it to run Ubuntu 19.04 from the old SSD because Ubuntu 19.04 will be end of life in January. It makes more sense to install Ubuntu 20.04 LTS on the old SSD when it is released in April, 2020. Ubuntu 20.04 will be supported for five years until 2025.

Before installing 20.04 you can backup a list of your manually installed packages, a list of your installed snap packages, bookmarks from web browsers, your Thunderbird address book which is a file in your Thunderbird profile named abook.mab, your Calibre Library, your subscriptions from Liferea, your notes from Gnote, etc. from Ubuntu 19.10. If you have any other applications installed that have extensions, back up a list of your installed extensions, one list for each application that has extensions. All of them except for the ebooks in the Calibre Library are text files that can be backed up to a USB flash drive. That will get you off to a good start with Ubuntu 20.04.


read only drive with no way of fixing or rebooting

I realize this question is old, but it looks like the system was toast.  I just faced a similar situation with my Linux box at home.  I woke it up remotely from a long sleep (hibernate mode) using my insider raspberry pi.  Usually this works without error 99% of the time.
However, once in a long while there is some sort of file system corruption during the sleep.  This could be due to a bad memory address, or a SSD sector going faulty.  It refuses to reboot normally, so I forced it with:
sudo reboot -f
The first time asks nicely.  The second time will force it.  Not a nice solution, but it came back to life after that.  It's good to check the disk afterwards to check for broken struture.


Times New Roman font missing in LibreOffice Writer

Probably something happened during the installation of the fonts, and the package appears installed, although the fonts themselves were not. Simply purge the package and re-install it:

sudo apt-get remove --purge ttf-mscorefonts-installer
sudo apt-get install ttf-mscorefonts-installer

A screen will appear, where you will have to accept the license agreement. Then the fonts will be downloaded and installed one by one.


Display corruption using multimonitor mode starting in Ubuntu 17.10 Radeon X1600

I was able to solve this problem by making a fresh installation, upgrading to 64-bit 18.04 "Bionic Beaver" which properly supports multi-orientation multi-monitor on the HP nw8440 x1600 "FireGL" video.

Also, for some reason, using photos as background for lock screen and main screen prevented display corruption. When using the "Bionic Beaver" logo for lock and desktop screens, power save and lock screen returned to highly corrupted screens. I have no idea the root cause there, but using a photo background is a simple workaround against display corruption.

There may be some series of patches to make 17.10 32-bit work, but the move to 18.04 completely fixed it. There is some display corruption on the default wallpaper, but moving to a different wallpaper fixed that.

On an unrelated note, I couldn't enable the Wi-Fi in 18.04 until I went into BIOS and disabled WLAN, rebooted, re-enabled WLAN, rebooted, and enabled simultaneous LAN/WLAN in BIOS. Not sure which step solved the problem, but for the iwl3945 or iwlegacy driver, hey look more carefully at BIOS setting. Symptom was that the phy0 was "hard blocked" when looking at rfkill list all.


bq M10: bluetooth keyboard and mouse at the same time?

I've connected both a keyboard an mouse via bluetooth to my BQ Aqauris M10 at the same time. Both worked fine and I was brought into convergence mode. For the record it was an apple wireless keyboard and rapoo mouse.


xz-utils  can extract xz compressed files

Install it with the following command:

sudo apt install xz-utils -y

Then use it as below to extract your file:

xz -d  amdgpu-pro-17.30-450654.tar.xz


Stop printing test page everytime on HP PSC 1410

Apparently this is not specific to Ubuntu.

It seems that page will keep printing until you complete the alignment test. It seems to be an involved procedure. See this example:
http://www.fixya.com/support/t141507-hp_psc_1410v

I would suggest carefully reading the printer documentation, perhaps call/contact HP to get assistance.


How to diagnose missing disk space? (disk usage analyzer not corresponding to df)

From this guide on recovering lost disk space:

  Permissions. Users of Ubuntu are allowed access to files as set by
  permissions. These file permissions may prevent a user from seeing
  files created or stored in system folders and those owned by other
  users. If using a graphical file browser don't forget to enable hidden
  file viewing (usually CTRL+H). Run the commands/applications as
  'root'. For command line operations, precede the command with sudo.
  For graphical applications such as nautilus and baobab/Disk Usage
  Analyzer start the command to launch the application with gksudo.

So I ran the disk usage analyzer with:

  sudo baobab

and suddenly it showed 90 Giga of data in /var/lib/docker. This was a docker container that ran astray and that I forgot to delete.

Apparently I misunderstood a fundamental principle of Linux. I always thought that you can see the size of a file even when you do not have read permissions. I even tested this with sudo touch file-with-no-access. I could see the size with ls -l file-with-no-access. The thing I did not realize was that things are different when there is a directory to which I have no access.


how can I make it easier to move the browser window?

Firstly such a theme does not exist - i cannot check if it's actually a theme related issue. Theme's name may be misspelled (check it).

Secondly - specify your problem more precisely - do you mean minimizing the browser (firefox, I suppose) window? If yes and it actually IS theme related problem - why wouldn't you simply change your theme? Otherwise you can always try Ctrl+Alt+0 shortcut (or customize it to anything you want in Ubuntu settings). The 0 key is from numpad on default.

If by "moving browser windows out of the way" you mean just moving the unmaximized window around your desktop - you can either also use similar shortcuts but with 1,2,3... instead of 0, or install software like CompizConfig Settings Manager (look for it in Ubuntu Software Center). It enables you to customize the way you interact with windows, for instance with alt button held you can move your window around by simply clicking (anywhere inside the window) and dragging it around.

Another way to install Compiz - paste that into the terminal window:

sudo apt-get install compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-fusion-plugins-extra compiz-fusion-plugins-main compiz-plugins


This is a hardware problem.

Choose the RAM test (memtest86+) from the GRUB boot menu. Run the test to determine if you have a bad stick of RAM. If you have multiple sticks and are having trouble determining which is to blame based on the failing address, test one stick at a time.

If the RAM passes check smart status of the drive as shown here

If that passes have someone qualified test the power supply output to determine if power output is out of spec.


This was a comment that turned out to be the answer:

  Ah...symlink. The Wine symlink probably doesn't work because the
  ".exe" requires path to the "working directory". Unfortunately symlink
  does not support this. You will need to create a wrapper script (how?
  answered here: askubuntu.com/questions/51314/… ); then either use the
  wrapper script as a launcher, or keep it in the ".exe" folder and
  symlink to it.

I'm not sure what you mean with "soft link". But when I need to create a Wine shortcut launcher I just start GEdit and create a file like this:

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=MY APPLICATION NAME
Comment=THINGS I HAVE TO SAY ABOUT THE APPLICATION
Exec=sh -c "cd /PATH_TO_EXE_FOLDER; wine FILENAME.exe"
Categories=ENGINERRING;GRAPHICS;ETC
Icon=/PATH_TO_ICON_IMAGE_FILE

Then save the file wherever I want as a ".desktop", for example: "MyWineApp.desktop".


They are both telling the truth. Having gone through 8 Release Candidates, the kernel.org version of 4.2 is considered stable. In about two weeks you will observe kernel 4.3 RC1 there, and the process continues.

Now, consider Ubuntu. Ultimately, the Ubuntu version, will have several changes additions and deletions that are not included in the mainline releases linked to. There are also patches applied to to the mainline for the debian packaging and changelog stuff in addition to kernel configuration settings. There simply must be a delay between the kernel.org version being declared stable and the actual Ubuntu version being created, tested on multiple and varied Ubuntu environments, and initially released. From the Ubuntu perspective the mainline PPA would never be considered "stable".

Edit bodhi.zazen

To some extent the confusion is coming from the terminology used by kernel.org and Debian/Ubuntu, specifically the terms unstable/testing/stable.

From https://www.kernel.org/category/releases.html

The terms used are:

  Prepatch

  Prepatch or "RC" kernels are mainline kernel pre-releases that are
  mostly aimed at other kernel developers and Linux enthusiasts. They
  must be compiled from source and usually contain new features that
  must be tested before they can be put into a stable release. Prepatch
  kernels are maintained and released by Linus Torvalds.

  Mainline

  Mainline tree is maintained by Linus Torvalds. It's the tree where all
  new features are introduced and where all the exciting new development
  happens. New mainline kernels are released every 2-3 months.

  Stable After each mainline kernel is released, it is considered "stable." Any bug fixes for a stable kernel are backported from the
  mainline tree and applied by a designated stable kernel maintainer.
  There are usually only a few bugfix kernel releases until next
  mainline kernel becomes available -- unless it is designated a
  "longterm maintenance kernel." Stable kernel updates are released on
  as-needed basis, usually 2-3 a month.

  Longterm There are usually several "longterm maintenance" kernel releases provided for the purposes of backporting bugfixes for older
  kernel trees. Only important bugfixes are applied to such kernels and
  they don't usually see very frequent releases, especially for older
  trees.

  Distribution kernels

  Many Linux distributions provide their own "longterm maintenance"
  kernels that may or may not be based on those maintained by kernel
  developers. These kernel releases are not hosted at kernel.org and
  kernel developers can provide no support for them.

Debian takes code from upstream (kernel.org in this case) and packages it. See https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/ch-choosing.en.html

  Unstable has the most recent (latest) versions. But the packages in unstable are not well tested and might have bugs.

  On the other hand, stable contains old versions of packages. But
  this package is well tested and is less likely to have any bugs.

  The packages in testing fall between these two extremes.

And then there is the Ubuntu kernel team's ppa, https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/MainlineBuilds

This last ppa provides the "mainline" , precompiled, for testing purposes.

So, when choosing what kernel to run you can:

Obtain the source code from kernel.org, apply any patches you wish, and compile it yourself. You can choose:

Mainline - This kernel is the latest and most likely to have bugs.
Prepatch - This kernel is "pre-release" , or in the development cycle one goes Latest (unstable) -> Alpha -> Beta -> Release Candidate/Pre-release -> Stable release (terms vary with project).

Stable - Released code, less likely to have bugs, good for general use.

Long term - Very stable, at the sacrifice of new features.

or 2. Use a "distribution kernel"

Debian / Ubuntu then takes the source code from kernel.org , and applies patches, so the cycle repeats in what kernel.org would term a "distribution kernel".

The Debian/Ubuntu distribution kernel goes through a similar cycle Unstable -> testing -> stable

The kernel used by various versions of Ubuntu is listed here - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ubuntu_releases#Table_of_versions

So, at the time of release, Ubuntu is pulling from the "stable" upstream source code (15.10 is using kernel version 4.1).

At the time of this post, kernel 4.2 is the mainstream kernel, and thus not available in the Ubuntu repositories.

You can either compile the mainstream kernel yourself (I prefer this method) or install it from the ppa - http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/

These kernels are provided as is, as a convenient way for you to try the mainline kernel without having to compile it for yourself. It is unsupported and to some extent expected to have bugs.

They list the current mainstream kernel, 4.2, as unstable according to Debian policy (unstable -> testing -> stable)

As the other kernels listed there have undergone appropriate testing and patches they are eventually re-labeled as "stable"


How to extend root with swaping unallocated space (75.01GiB) ,using full or portion of free space?

if you want to do this job you have to boot your PC with a Live CD/USB with GParted. This is because you must unmount partitions that you want change.

So, after you booted up Live CD/USB your PC, open GParted and check if is no key icon is showed next to /dev/sdaX labels. If there is a key it is a sign that the corresponding partition is mounted and so is locked from being modified. (As you can see, in your image all partitions are mounted, because all labels have a key next to them).

To unmount a partition, right click on it and select unmount.

Then you have to move toward right in order partition: sda9, sda8, sda7. You can get an idea from this image: partition moving idea.

After that you can extend root partition (sda6).

When you are ready you can apply changes. The entire process will take a lot because GParted have to move 3 partitions, but in the end you should obtain what you wish.

I've done the same procedure to move a small partition around my hard disk.


Migrate OpenVPN from Ubuntu 16 to Ubuntu 18

I can't see any reason why this would not work. The configuration files are plain text, and so are the certificates - unless you're using a HSM.

Some configuration options may have changed between OpenVPN-versions shipped in 16.04 and 18.04, but the simplest way to test that is to spin up the VM, copy over configuration, and test the setup.


How to install Ubuntu on separate Windows partition?

Easy:

Install Ubuntu according to the standard instructions
When you come to item number 8, take advanced partitioning and set the grub boot drive to SDB in MBR mode
continue a normal installation

Now, when you want to boot into Ubuntu, set the boot drive to /dev/sdb (probably PLEXTOR in your BIOS) and boot off there!


What does x86 mean for installing a new hardware enablement (HWE) stack in 64 bit Ubuntu

Yes, x86 means amd64 or i386. The reference only the -generic kernel flavor refers to the various kernel packages available; "generic" is the regular kernel, but there are also kernels optimised for virtual machines and low latency, and those other kernels are not supported by the hardware enablement stack.


Having a boot option in the grup menu to boot from usb

Boot USB from Internal Drive's GRUB Menu

Add the following menuentry to your internal drive's grub.cfg file:

menuentry "Ubuntu - flash drive" {
 search --set=root --fs-uuid xxxx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx
    set gfxpayload=keep
    linux ($root)/casper/vmlinuz file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper quiet splash ---
    initrd ($root)/casper/initrd
}

Where xxxx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx is the UUID of the USB's root partition.

The preferred method method to do this is to add the menuentry to /etc/grub.d/40_custom and then in Terminal run sudo update-grub


How can I get Firefox to use Dolphin instead of Nautilus by default?

use dolphin to open folder in firefox

When I installed KDE and Firefox this feature actually worked – I downloaded a file, clicked on “open containing folder”, and Dolphin would happily pop with the respective folder open.
However, when I installed a few more apps,  Firefox started calling Gwent or other app to “open the folder”.

Solution:

In the file /usr/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache , find “inode/directory” and make “kde4-dolphin.desktop” on first such as:

inode/directory=kde4-dolphin.desktop;kde4-gwenview.desktop;kde4-kfmclient_dir.desktop;

here the Link: http://s8dragon.wordpress.com/2011/01/16/use-dolphin-to-open-folder-in-firefox/


Cant mount windows phone 8 with kubuntu 14.04

I found that my Lumia 1520 mounts on Ubuntu 14.04, if I restart the phone, while having it connected to my pc.


How to disable cd drive check after resuming from suspend?

Disabling CDROM

mv  /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/cdrom/cdrom.ko /root


Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS application loading is slow on my Dell Inspiron 640m

A lighter desktop might help, although you should also check to make sure that OpenGL is using your graphics card capabilities.

open a terminal (ctrl+alt+t), do sudo apt-get install mesa-utils then glxinfo | grep renderer - you do not want to see something about llvmpipes.

One solution would be to install preload, which causes often used applications to load into the cache shortly after booting.

sudo apt-get install preload

It does take 2 or three boot cycles to learn the applications that you often want loaded.


When an upgrade from 14.04 LTS is convenient or necessary?

I don't know if you'll be able to skip an LTS. I think it most likely you'll need to hop via 16.04. But you can do both those steps in 2019. You don't have to move to 16.04 now. You can, but you don't have to.

There may be an upgrade path plan published for 14.04→18.04 so that might be an option, but it doesn't make any difference in practice. Your job is the same. You're going to change the base and you'll need to test your software on it.

The important lesson to consider here is you can test whenever you like. Leaving that until 14.04s is dying, and finding out you need to do weeks of improvements is probably a bad idea. Doing an untested upgrade on a production system and then finding out it's broken is much worse.

There is nothing stopping you, for example, creating a testing system running whatever version of Ubuntu, that you test on. That will let you know what doesn't work and you can incorporate that into bugfixes, or other plans for when you actually deploy. You can go one further and use "continuous integration" techniques to find out where the problems are, as they happen. I'm not sure how appropriate this is for you though.


Meson build error "ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'mesonbuild'"

Faced the same issue compiling Mesa from sources.

Have found this answer: https://gitmemory.com/issue/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/546/490849388

The reason of this issue:

  You installed Meson in a user's home directory, and another user (i.e. root) can't use that Meson installation. Either root also needs to install Meson in his home directory, or you install it in the system folders for all users.

Though the solution is to install Meson as root:

# pip3 install meson


The machine is not on 24/7 so cron is not usefull.
I have used Anacron with a period of 1 and a delay of 7. This does the job bjut a day late for dawn. In the UK ~52deg N the dawn doesn't change that quickly so starting a minute or so early is not important. Changing between Dec and June is!
Solved


Update Ubuntu Touch without using image streams (i.e. how to update without removing programs installed with apt-get)?

What you want can't be done. What you should be doing instead is installing your custom apps in a chroot stored in your userdata partition, and leave the root partition alone. Doing otherwise compromises in fact you receiving official updates on your phone.


Download the closed source Dropbox Linux client from http://www.getdropbox.com/download?plat=lnx.x86 (x86_64 for 64 bit)
Extract the contents and you should get a .dropbox-dist folder out of the archive. Move the folder to$HOME
Run~/.dropbox-dist/dropboxd.

Reference: http://antrix.net/posts/2008/dropbox-without-gnome/


Ubutu 16.10: Sound plays through built-in speaker when headphones connected

The only change I needed to make this work was to add the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf:

install snd_hda_codec_realtek /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd_hda_codec_realtek


"Dummy output" and no sound when update to the latest HDA drivers

Sometimes the newest drivers do not work and there should be no expectation that a driver will work for every different kind of computer with different versions of Ubuntu. Just don't update them. For example, installing/updating the proprietary drivers for my AMD graphics cards always destroys my Unity and other crazy things. It works fine without it, so there is no point in upgrading.


How to update from libogg 1.2.2 to libogg 1.3.0 in Ubuntu 12.04 x32

I'm not sure how you can upgrade so...
You can install 1.3 not as an update:

cd /tmp && wget -O libogg-1.3.0.tar.gz http://goo.gl/vHzMn
tar zxvf libogg-1.3.0.tar.gz && cd libogg-1.3.0
./configure && make
sudo make install


can't remove PHPMyAdmin folder : "rm: cannot remove... Operation not permitted"

Usually you need to be root to remove files in that location, that's if we're talking /opt/lampp/ location here. To remove that folder use sudo to run the command as root:

sudo rm -rf /path/to/PHPMyAdmin


I've added to my system (also a laptop with dual video card) a line in rc.conf to auto reduce the screen brightness at startup, this gave me a clue to make sure which card it's being used:

echo 4 > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video1/brightness

(you can test this command on command line and if this card is being used you'll see how brightness get reduced, if it doesn't try acpi_video0). Looking inside the subdirectory device found a file called uevent:

$ cat /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video1/device/uevent
DRIVER=i915

Combined this with the log info (video drivers' names) I'm sure that I'm using the internal video card.


18.04 installation stuck in detecting file system

This has been a problem for years. It is caused by the set -e at the top of /bin/partman-commit. When the unmount step fails (because there is a file system that is hosting the loop device on which the installation media is being accessed that is in use) partman-commit exits immediately. It never gets to execute anything else in /lib/partman/commit.d, and it never signals ubiquity, the installer (its last step). So ubiquity hangs forever.
Workaround:
Edit /bin/partman-commit and change the set -e to set -x


Just to summarize the previous comments and answers and add a bit of first-hand installation experience:

You are looking for the module command provided by the Environment Modules package. It is a tool for modifying the shell environment (PATH but also aliases etc.) and common to many multi-user clusters like High-Performance Computing clusters.

The instructions you got were probably from some HPC cluster, since you want to run a global climate model. Read more about Environment Modules on HPC here.

Now for something actually Ubuntu-related: It is actually not that much of a pain to set up Environment Modules under Ubuntu. I just did it in under 10 minutes for Ubuntu 14.10 and the Bash shell.

As mentioned in other posts, you can install Environment Modules from the repos (package environment-modules).

Then you run add.modules. It will put a few lines into your shell initalization file, in this case ~/.bashrc:

case "$0" in
          -sh|sh|*/sh)  modules_shell=sh ;;
       -ksh|ksh|*/ksh)  modules_shell=ksh ;;
       -zsh|zsh|*/zsh)  modules_shell=zsh ;;
    -bash|bash|*/bash)  modules_shell=bash ;;
esac
module() { eval `/usr/Modules/$MODULE_VERSION/bin/modulecmd $modules_shell $*`; }
#module() { eval `/usr/bin/modulecmd $modules_shell $*`; }

You need to uncomment the last line and comment out or delete the second-last. This line defines the module command you were looking for. It effectively runs modulecmd bash plus the arguments you give it.

I have the feeling that this function is actually not very safe because it evaluates anything you supply it with in its arguments. Some users can perhaps comment on how to improve this.

You now just need to create some directory containing the so-called modulefiles and add it to $MODULEPATH, for example with module use /path/to/your/modulefiles. There are examples for modulefiles out there on the interwebs.

I find this a very handy tool not just for multi-user clusters. I use it for switching between different Python distributions.


How can I scan for possible viruses on my Ubuntu system?

To scan for viruses on Linux, you'd us clamav. You can install it from the repositories using the software center.
If you're new to Linux, this is the perfect time to try out the command line interface, because it works well, and it's hard to screw anything up.
If you're feeling up to it, open a terminal window by typing Ctrl+Alt+t.
In that window, type sudo apt-get install clamav. This will tell the computer that a "super user" is telling it to install the clamav virus scanning software. It will ask for your password.
Now that you've installed the software, you need to update the files that it uses to identify viruses. You should type sudo freshclam. Your computer will know you're a super user because you just typed in your password a few seconds ago.
When all is done, you're ready to scan. If you'd like to scan your home directory (all your user files), you'd type something like
 clamscan --remove=yes -i -r ~/

This calls on clamscan to remove any virus it finds, show you only infected files, to act recursively by running through every subdirectory of you home directory. ~/ is shorthand for your home directory. You might want to run it without the --remove flag just to see what it finds first.
If you were to type man clamscan you'd see a list of options. As I said, this is a great place to start using the command line.


SysV init scripts are run by the rc job (/etc/init/rc.conf) which just runs /etc/init.d/rc $RUNLEVEL.

So there's only an upstart event for the whole runlevel, but not for single init scripts.

You can create an event using initctl emit umountfs.

See Upstart Intro, Cookbook and Best Practices for some tips on using Upstart.


Did you use Wubi? Otherwise give the tool 'EasyBCD' a try. This is a free tool for Windows managing the behavior of you boot. If there's no Ubuntu entry, add it via the GRUB2 method, which should detect your Ubuntu installation automatically. Edit the order and the time for the bootmenu, don't forget to save everything and reboot to try. Be sure to have installed the GRUB2 bootloader in your Ubuntu installation, otherwise your Ubuntu won't be bootable so you should reinstall Ubuntu.


Where does command-line log when it crashes?

Part of the problem is that your run the command as . ./FTL (in otherwords, FTL is "sourced"). When you do this, the contents of the FTL script are executed by the current bash instance. If the script executes an exit instructions, it makes the bash instance exit, and since the child process of the terminal exited, the terminal window closes.

If you want to keep that window open, either execute the FTL script as a plain command (that will be executed in a child process):

./FTL # instead of ". ./FTL"

or start a child bash process, so that when FTL exits, this child process exits and you are back to the instance that runs in the terminal:

bash       # starts a child bash process
export PS1="child-$PS1" # optional, change of prompt will show that you returned to the parent bash instance
. ./FTL    # FTL executed by the child bash process


Resize Windows partition without affecting Ubuntu in dual-boot

Since you will not be changing any partition labels or disk identifier strings and such, there should not be any problems. But first be sure to MAKE A BACKUP. Then first shrink partition. And after that enlarge partition.


Wubi installation sticking at almost finished copying files

1)Check whether you uninstalled it properly
2) Check for the virtual drive in the directory you first installed (if present delete that)
3) Run a registry cleaning software( eg: ccleaner)
4)Disable any antivirus / security programs
5)try installing using Wubi

P.S: Also check that the source you are using to install Ubuntu through Wubi is NOT corrupted.


How do you use a PS4 Controller for the desktop environment?

I did it years ago using xpadder, but I think it is just for Windows. You could try qjoypad  or joy2key . Both of these are available in the Software Center.


Will my system remain safe, if i run ubuntu (through VMware) on windows - for virus purposes?

I can not think of any reason why it wouldn't. Assuming that you can open VMware.


The answer is given at https://ask.libreoffice.org/en/question/41969/create-chart-from-values-single-column/.

For example, start with the following data in A1 through A6.

Words
~~~~~~~~~~
apple
banana
cantaloupe
banana
apple

Mark the Column and choose Insert -> Pivot Table

Drag and drop "Words" to Row Fields.
Drag and drop "Words" to Data Fields.  Double-click and change Function to Count.
Hit OK.

Select the Pivot Table data and go to Insert -> Chart.


How can I download Windows 7 DVD installers from Ubuntu?

Download the official ISOs to get an easily burnable DVD image

You can officially download Windows 7 ISOs over HTTP for the common versions/languages from one of their resellers, DigitalRiver. Digital River sells Windows 7 licenses and makes the ISOs available for public download.

While all x86/x64 versions of Windows 7 are available, your license will only work for the appropriate version, so please choose the ISO carefully. The installation must be activated within 30 days as usual or it will expire.
Please see this post for the official links to the Windows 7 SP1 ISOs


Chrome dock icon looks blurry and low resolution

open a terminal and use nano to edit this file /usr/share/applications/google-chrome.desktop
replace every instance of Exec=/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable to Exec=/usr/bin/google-chrome
reboot or logout and login again

As far as I can tell its a bug when they moved from GTK+ to Aura.


Your device uses the driver b43 and proprietary firmware. The Broadcom STA driver which provides wl is not appropriate. Please get a temporary wired ethernet connection and do:

sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source

If it isn't installed, just proceed.

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree
sudo modprobe -r b43 && sudo modprobe b43

You should be all set.


Go to software center and install the gnome package.

Then, when you log in, in the right above of your pasword box there's a icon of ubuntu.
Click and select gnome(classic) and you log in in the classic gnome desktop.


Why CLOCK_TAI and CLOCK_REALTIME returns the same value?

CLOCK_TAI is basically designed as CLOCK_REALTIME(UTC) + tai_offset.

So the usec/nsec portion of a timeval/timespec should be identical.

CLOCK_MONOTONIC: Zeroed at boot.

CLOCK_TAI = CLOCK_MONOTONIC + tai_mon_offset

CLOCK_REALTIME(UTC) = CLOCK_TAI - tai_utc_offset

But due to performance concern (CLOCK_REALTIME is what applications
hammer the most), in Linux we actually structure it as:

CLOCK_REALTIME: Initialized at boot from RTC
CLOCK_MONOTONIC: CLOCK_REALTIME - wall_to_monotonic
CLOCK_TAI: CLOCK_REALTIME + tai_offset

So CLOCK_REALTIME and CLOCK_TAI return the same because the kernel parameter tai_offset is zero.

Check by using adjtimex(timex tmx) and read the value. I think that ntpd will set it if it is new enough (>4.2.6) and has a leap second file. It may also be able to get it from upstream servers but I haven't been able to verify. The call adjtimex() can set tai_offset manually when run as root.

My references here and here


Moving tab title position from top to bottom in Ubuntu terminal

Move to top

gsettings set org.gnome.Terminal.Legacy.Settings tab-position top

Move to bottom

gsettings set org.gnome.Terminal.Legacy.Settings tab-position bottom


"Your Java version is out of date." on Ubuntu 2014.04

The latest Java 7 is Version 7 Update 55 (date of writing). There are several important security updates that should be installed. To get the Oracle JDK and be provided with updates, too, use Webupd8 (pronounced webupdate) which provide a PPA to deploy Java.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer

UPDATE:
In order to install Java 8 just type

sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer


You should not use the package ruby-rvm it's outdated and contains old (and buggy) version of RVM, you can read about this here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/9056395/497756

I plan to release mainatained package for RVM 2.x, but in the package you try to install is out of my control and I have no possibility (and time) to fix it.


I just had this same issue...like today. So I thought it was my 5500 series video graphics. Nope. Drivers? Nope. A dual-boot problem? Idk. I tried to update my kernel but it wouldn't show up on the GRUB menu.

Try this:

Install a newer kernel (I installed 4.1 rc3)(http://sourcedigit.com/16629-install-linux-kernel-4-2-rc3-on-ubuntu-15-04-ubuntu-14-04-ubuntu-14-10/)

Follow the link for instructions.

Do this command to update your GRUB menu:

sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

After booting into GRUB, select advanced options for ubuntu, then select the one you installed.

I hope this solved your problem as it did for me.

Good luck!


How can I tell inside an upstart script if the job was killed(crashed) or stopped normaly

See my other answer: Customizing upstart "restart" commands

Make a task-B that has start condition as start on stopping task-A RESULT=failed and do the killing there, or just add to your to-be-killed job a stop gracefully on stop on stopping task-A RESULT=failed.

More in Cookbook.


Which architecture for Intel Atom CPU N270: amd64 or i386?

Intel Atom N270 does NOT have 64-bit support, so you have to install 32-bit (i386) version.
You can view that at Intel Webpage where it says:

  Intel® 64:    No

You said your netbook has 1GB of RAM: When you download Ubuntu in the official Ubuntu webpage, they recommend installing the 32-bit version if your computer has less than 2GB of RAM.


What is the difference between samba.conf and smb.conf

The smb.conf file is the configuration file for setting up and managing the samba server.  It's where you setup your shares and the behavior of the server.

The samba.conf file is part of the operation of the server.  It is part of the server's system's management.  This is a part of the behavior at boot which includes functions such as management and cleanup of work files.


Many people often think that you will have to make changes to your hard drive prior to installing Ubuntu. Such is not the case. Perhaps the reason the installer keeps kicking back to the beginning is because it sees the unallocated space of the hard disk and doesn't know what to do with it, so it goes back to let you choose the "something else" option.

If you don't feel like going into manual partitioning, I recommend expanding your Windows partition back into the space you cut before and then choosing the "install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7" option in the installer. You'll be able to resize the Windows partition from here. Just make sure you're not cutting into used space, or else you'll lose all of your files!


How do I make a server using Ubuntu so people can download files from me?

As a matter of fact I just did this today.

Install vsftpd with your favourite package manager.

sudo apt-get install vsftpd
Create a new user with the FTP's root folder as its home folder.

sudo mkdir /home/ftp/
sudo useradd -b /home/ftp/ -d /home/ftp/ -u 231 ftpuser

You can replace ftpuser by whatever username you'd like it to have, but just ftp doesn't seem to work (or at least, it didn't work for me).

And then, to specify the password for the just created used, type sudo passwd ftpuser, and type the desired password 2 times.

After you've followed those 2 steps, people can just type ftp://your-ip in their address bar, and enter the information specified above to be able to download files from the /home/ftp folder.

But be warned

I just explained you the basics. With this simple configuration people will be able to access all files on your computer which they have permissions for, also files outside of the home folder! They will not be able to write to them though.

Additional notes

If you don't want people to have to enter a username and password, there is a configuration line for vsftpd which allows anonymous users to connect. The configuration file is located in /etc/vsftpd.conf. After you've changed somethinh in the configuration file, run sudo service vsftpd restart to apply the new configuration.


I am using ubuntu 12.04 and I have a Problem with Updating

Hash sum mismatch error are caused due to missing of some datas while updating the repositories.Try below command before updating repositories,

sudo rm -fR /var/lib/apt/lists/*

then run,

sudo apt-get update


Is Persistence too small for installing 16.04?

If you are using Ubuntu give mkusb a try.

It will make an install with persistence size limited only by the size of the USB drive. It will leave any leftover space formatted NTFS, accessible to both Linux and Windows.

You can run it from Live CD or USB.

The casper folder is where they keep the SquashFS file, it is the compressed file system that runs the O/S, it is read only.


How can I add a dropbox folder option under my "Places" in Nautilus

There multiple alternative options:

Pressing Ctrl+D adds a bookmark to the folder you're in (tested under Ubuntu 12.04 & 13.04). For Ubuntu 14.04, use the Files application (a. k. a. Nautilus) to navigate to the folder you want bookmarked, then press Ctrl+D, the same with going to the top menu bar and selecting Bookmarks → Bookmark this location.
Select the folder that you want added to bookmarks, then go to the top menu bar and select Bookmarks → Add Bookmark.
You can add them editing by ~/.gtk-bookmarks. Say you want to add ~/Software and ~/Ebooks folder under Places. Just add the following line at the end of ~/.gtk-bookmarks:

file:///home/my_username/Software
file:///home/my_username/Ebooks

Try it out and let me know. Hope it helps.


Why subdomain not working after rename in ubuntu

If your output posted is correct, you ended the <VirtualHost> statement before the <Directory> statement. Move the </VirtualHost> line to the end and reload your config.


did somehow solved it, temperatures are now 55-60 - installed manually the driver from hp website : amd-driver-installer-catalyst-13.1-linux-x86.x86_64 + jupiter with option power on demand
hope this will help someone
cheers


Merge a Partition with Unallocated Space

First, backup, Backup, BACKUP!

Second, boot from a LiveCD/LiveUSB so that no /dev/sde* partitions are mounted.

Then, since /dev/sde5 is part of the Extended Partition /dev/sde2, you'll have to add the space to /dev/sde2, Then merge the space with /dev/sde5.


Shotwell cannot do this today; the ticket to add this feature is here.

Normally for feature requests I'd say "we accept patches" but here I have to admit this would be a really tricky one to implement.

That said, if you enable file monitoring in the prefs, Shotwell will recognize changes you manually make to the directory structure (i.e. in the terminal, Nautilus, etc.)  Not the best solution, but that's the only real suggestion I can give you today.


Re-install Grub

sudo grub-install path/to/root/disk

Grub auto-detects operative systems during installation. I think it will also detect outside the disk you install it on, Like if you have a Live USB plugged that is not the booted system it will include it too.

I have mine in /dev/sda

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

Open Disks app and look for the partition that shows (Bootable):

Live CD installation Video


How to fix SSL error from Python apps (urllib) when behind HTTPS proxy?

Check out Greg's post here:
http://blog.grossmeier.net/2009/01/25/imapfilterofflineimapmsmtpmuttabook/

It's a really good summary and he has a sample .offlineimaprc for Gmail. His has a much different RepositoryRemote section

[Repository RemoteGmail]
type = IMAP
remotehost = imap.gmail.com
remoteuser = $user@gmail.com
remotepass = yep
ssl = yes


Need instructions on how to create wpa_supplicant.conf and add fast_reauth=0 to it

Switching to another driver is very unlikely to solve your problems but as always this is an opinion. I've had too many people complain at me to make definitive statements...

The previous comment about a Fedora setup applies to Ubuntu too. Here is what fi.epitest.hostap.WPASupplicant.service looks like on Fedora:

Exec=/usr/sbin/wpa_supplicant -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -B -u -f /var/log/wpa_supplicant.log -P /var/run/wpa_supplicant.pid

The issue is the time it would take to write a good, clear explanation of how to do what you want is large and worse there are no guarantees that this would even fix your problem (worst case scenario is that things are made worse and a half working install is rendered inoperable). Most likely you will get short/difficult or cookie cutter answers because that's all the time someone else could spare. It's not that you're doing anything wrong  - it's that what you are trying to do is only easy for experts. Hopefully someone with more time will help you piece things together...

As a technical user I really would like to help but it is clear that this is going to take up quite a bit of time but perhaps I'm just slow :-) My advice to you is set a time limit - say "I'm going to spend 45 minutes on this problem in total" and if you find yourself taking even a minute more than that please stop! I hate it when I see new Linux users chew up hours of their life on nasty issues :( Good luck!


Try disabling Windows fast startup under Power options and reboot in UEFI mode.


Take a look at Rubyripper. Do a rip of the CD in question. When that's complete you'll get a .log file which will report on how the rip went.

From the Hydrogenaudio FAQ, Correction mechanism section:

  it will repair any files so that it's
  impossible to successfully blind-test
  with the original via an ABX test for
  example. The log file will optionally
  report any position that needed more
  than 3 trials, so you can check the
  position yourself.

That's the best I can think of.


Encrypted replication between normal CouchDB and Ubuntu One?

Yes. Desktopcouch does replication between a CouchDB (on your desktop) and https://couchdb.one.ubuntu.com, and that will work from any CouchDB; the CouchDB that desktopcouch runs is not something special.

To start a replication between a CouchDB of your choice and Ubuntu One, use the Couch replication API:

POST /_replicate HTTP/1.1

{
  "source":"example-database",
  "target":{
    "url": "https://couchdb.one.ubuntu.com/u%2Fabc%2Fdef%2F123456%2Fexample-database",
    "auth": {
      "oauth": {
        "consumer_key": "xxx",
        "consumer_secret": "xxx",
        "token": "xxx",
        "token_secret": "xxx"
      }
    }
  }
}

You can find example code which actually kicks off this replication from Python in couchdb_io.py in the desktopcouch tree.


Language Compatibility on Ubuntu Desktop

Will I be able to see and write other language on Ubuntu desktop?

Yes, I tend to have both English and Dutch active. English for my own user account and Dutch for the account I administer. I have English/US and English/US with dead keys on this account.

  Where do I download the language and how do I install it?

From system settings (cog wheel in the panel) or from "dash", search for "languages".

Settings for numbers and date are in the 2nd tab:

You can choose the INPUT language in the panel:


Do I have to download both the 14.04 and the 14.04.1 versions of ubuntu?

No, just download 14.04.1 It has lots of good bug fixes, like bug 1309458, it fixes the ubiquity installer crashing when clicking release notes, and bug 1315866 with the usb creator, it's a workaround for Python Qt4 being sucky.

You can see the full list of changes here.

It is different to the Windows 8 + 8.1 system, in that this was planned to be "public". Normally, windows just give their releases "secretly", without revealing they are upgrading to what is called a "point release".

14.04.1 hasn't really got any new features, it just comes with all the updates you have to do if you download 14.04 included.

So for clarification, you can either download 14.04 + lots of updates, or just 14.04.1. It has them all included already. 14.04 won't have the bugs, but 14.04 is more work to get patched. Kudos @CharlesGreen

When 14.04 is fully updated it identifies as 14.04.1 - they are identical. So I installed 14.04, and when I run

lsb_release -a

I get some irrelevant details (for this example) and then:

...
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS
Release:    14.04
Codename:   trusty

So you can see that the Descriptor is 14.04.1 LTS, even though I installed 14.04 (when it was first released).

My pronouns are He / Him


How to add a new keyboard layout to Ubuntu Touch?

There is a work in progress page here for creating new layouts, and also there was this thread on the ubuntu-phone mailing list.


Why does Ubuntu One assume the files on the site are newer than the new ones on my computer?

Bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntuone-client/+bug/503751

From the bugreport:

Open (or create if it doesn't exist): ~/.config/ubuntuone/syncdaemon.conf
Add the following 2 lines to this file and save:

[main]

log_level = DEBUG
Restart the Ubuntu One client
Try to reproduce the behavior you've been seeing and then attach the following log file: ~/.cache/ubuntuone/log/syncdaemon.log to the bug.

Is is also discussed on ubuntuforums here:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=8656215

All from 2010 but I do not seem to be able to find a fix for this(...)


My suspicion exactly like That Coder Guy: overheating.

To be absolutely sure, install package psensor, run it constantly on one of your desktops, enable sensors logging on a mount volume without write-back cache (or turn write-back off for that volume temporarily)

If none of the above makes sense to you, post a comment and we'll get back to you!

P.S. You were gaming when it shut down, right???  ;)

P.P.S. Put a 3 cm thick book under the back of your laptop (so that your laptop's keyboard is slanted) ASAP as you'll burn out something pretty soon.  I burned out an NVIDIA Graphics card like that (luckily under warranty) before I knew what not to do!


This section explains how to install Djigzo on Ubuntu and Debian. Install required packages

sudo apt-get install postgresql postfix openjdk-6-jre openjdk-6-jre-headless tzdata-java ant ant-optional mktemp wget libsasl2-modules

Note: during the installation of postfix you need to choose a configuration. Select No Configuration”.

Install Djigzo packages A full installation of Djigzo requires you to install the Djigzo engine and the web administration manager. The debian packages can be downloaded from http://www.djigzo.com You need to download the following two files: djigzo_2.5.0-4_all.deb and djigzo-web_2.5.0-4_all.deb. Note that the current version can be different in your case.

Install the .deb

 sudo dpkg -i djigzo_1.3.2-1_all.deb

 sudo dpkg -i djigzo-web_1.3.2-1_all.deb

Configure Postfix For encrypting and decrypting incoming and outgoing email. This requires some changes to the postfix configuration. Djigzo comes with a modified postfix main and master conf which should be copied to the postfix config directory.

Copy postfix configuration file.

 sudo cp /etc/postfix/djigzo-main.cf /etc/postfix/main.cf
 sudo cp /etc/postfix/djigzo-master.cf /etc/postfix/master.cf

Update aliases Postfix uses /etc/alias as the alias file. Make sure that the alias file is available and up-to-date.

 sudo newaliases

Restart postfix

 sudo /etc/init.d/postfix restart

Install Tomcat

 sudo apt-get install tomcat7 -y

 sudo nano /etc/default/tomcat7

Edit and replace the following lines.

 JAVA_OPTS=”$JAVA_OPTS -Ddjigzo-web.home=/usr/share/djigzo-web”

Configure Tomcat memory usage In order to allow the import of very large certificate files (.p7b or .pfx files with more than 10′s of thousands certificates ) Djigzo requires that Tomcat is set to at least 256 MB of heap space.

 JAVA_OPTS=”$JAVA_OPTS -Djava.awt.headless=true -Xmx256M”

Disable Java security manager Djigzo currently does not function properly when the Tomcat Java security manager is enabled. The Tomcat Java security manager should therefore be disabled.

 TOMCAT7_SECURITY=no

Allow reading and writing of SSL certificate If you want to allow the upload of new SSL certificates using the Djigzo web admin SSL manager, Tomcat should be allowed to read and write the SSL certificate.

 sudo chown tomcat7:djigzo /usr/share/djigzo-web/ssl/sslCertificate.p12

Adding a HTTPS connector A HTTPS connector must be added to the Tomcat server conguration. If the Tomcat installation is only used for Djigzo, you are advised to replace the existing Tomcat configuration file (/etc/tomcat7/server.xml) with the configuration file provided by Djigzo.

 sudo cp /usr/share/djigzo-web/conf/tomcat/server.xml /etc/tomcat7

Note: if you want to keep the existing server.xml you need to manually add the HTTPS Connector.

A bug : add the following line in server.xml

 SSLEnabled=”true”

Adding a context A Djigzo context must now be added to Tomcat. djigzo.xml

 sudo nano /etc/tomcat7/Catalina/localhost/djigzo.xml

add the following text in it.

 <Context docBase=”/usr/share/djigzo-web/djigzo.war” unpackWAR=”false”/>

 sudo /etc/init.d/tomcat7 restart

Open the Web Admin page Djigzo should now be running (wait some time for Tomcat to start up). The login page can be accessed using the following URL https:// ip-address :8443/djigzo (change the IP address accordingly)

Note: Djigzo comes with a default SSL certificate which is not trusted by your browser. You should therefore manually accept the HTTPS certificate.

Login Use the following login credentials:

 username: admin
 password: admin

vigilantsecure.com & Djigzo Docs


There are a few issues with your attempt at Q1:

inside [  ] test brackets, > is the ordinary output redirection operator. (Inside a [[  ]] extended test, > is a comparison operator, but it compares arguments lexicographically rather than numerically.)

[ and [[ tests are picky about whitespace

Taken together, these mean that what your command does is create a file named 1] in the current directory, then throw an error because it can't find a matching ] for the [.

sort names.txt | uniq -c writes to standard output - if you want to test that against something, you need to capture standard output using a command substitution

uniq -c doesn't produce a simple count, instead it produces multiline output like
   1 bar
   2 foo

What you might consider instead is using sort | uniq -d, which will produce output only if there are duplicate lines, capturing its output, and testing whether the result is an empty string or not:
  -z STRING      True if string is empty.

  -n STRING
     STRING      True if string is not empty.

So for example:
if [ -n "$(sort Names.txt | uniq -d)" ]; then echo "duplicates"; else echo "no duplicates"; fi

or
if [ -z "$(sort Names.txt | uniq -d)" ]; then echo "unique"; else echo "non unique"; fi

Alternatively, you could replace uniq with sort -Cu to (quietly) check whether the sorted file is strictly ordered. In this case, you can test the pipeline's exit status rather than its standard output:
if sort Names.txt | sort -Cu; then echo "no duplicates"; else echo "duplicates"; fi

For Q2 and Q3 it will depend on the format of the file - but you might have success with cut and grep or with awk.


How to copy/paste text from remote system?

There will be a .vnc directory in your home folder. In this directory there will be few files named like <computer name>:<number>.extension
For example my laptop contains following two files in .vnc directory.

adnan-laptop:1.log
adnan-laptop:1.pid

The :1 in the above file names shows that the vnc server is running on display :1.

Now connect to your VNC server and from the connected session run vncconfig as follows:

vncconfig -display :1

This will show a small window with clipboard related options. Check all the options and dont close the window. Now you should be able to copy paste from/to remote system.


apt-get failed to install mongodb for Ubuntu 17.04 on arm platform (Odroid XU4)

Only working for Ubuntu versions before 17.04

  sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 \
  --recv 0C49F3730359A14518585931BC711F9BA15703C6

  echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64,ppc64el,s390x ] \
  http://repo.mongodb.com/apt/ubuntu xenial/mongodb-enterprise/3.4
  multiverse" \ | sudo tee
  /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-enterprise.list

  sudo apt-get update

  sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-enterprise

For Ubuntu 17.04

Try and download the following https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-arm64-ubuntu1604-3.6.1.tgz you would have to manually install this.


How can I reduce "palm touch sensitivity" on my Thinkpad?

It is probably Synaptics touchpad, you can change your preferences in Mouse & Touchpad settings. If this doesn't help you can play with specific Synaptic settings by synclient command. Type synclien -l to list all possible settings

You can also check this: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticsTouchpad#Control_touchpad_features_using_synclient


Unmet dependencies - cannot remove package libgbm1

The problem here is to lock down the trouble maker package and kick it out. Then you can fix inconsistent dependencies with sudo apt-get -f install.

So with cautious you may use: sudo dpkg --force-all -P libgbm1 to force removing the broken. This command may damage your system, so you should watch it. And try to fix: sudo apt-get -f install.

If any packages are corrupting as well, repeat above steps cautiously. And each time you removed broken packages, try to fix them. I tackled my problem in this case.


Increase display resolution horizontally to cut off part of screen , in multi-monitor setup

You can use xrandr for this.

First, run it in a terminal to show your display names. You will see each with a resolution and offset (e.g. on my setup, I have a primary display, VGA1, at 1920x1080+0+0 and LVDS1 at 1600x900+1920+180). The + numbers define the coordinates of the top left of each screen, relative to the top left corner of the primary output (where positive X is right, and positive Y is downwards)

The command for changing the start point of an output is xrandr --output <name> --pos <X>x<Y> - so with my example, if I wanted to add a 200px offset in between my monitors (a dead zone, essentially, as you describe), the command would be xrandr --output LVDS1 --pos 2120x180 - this would add 200 pixels to the current offset of LVDS1 (in your case it would be --pos 1280x0, but you will need to find the output name from xrandr)

This will only change the setting for your current session; to make this change permanent add it to your ~/.xprofile if it exists; or if it doesn't, create a text file ~/.xprofile and add that line to it.


I can't install any software Ubuntu 16.04

First install GDebi from Ubuntu Software, then right click on the package you downloaded from the internet and open with GDebi. Then click on the install button in GDebi.


terminal, totem, nautilus etc. not working on Ubuntu 18.04

It may be occurring due to a problem with gstreamer. Run:

sudo apt purge gstreamer1.0-vaapi


How can I remove all build dependencies for a particular package?

Tumbleweed writes:

  For the future, I highly recommend using mk-build-deps ... instead of aptitude build-dep. That leaves a package ... in your system, [which has dependencies] on the build-deps, that you can easily uninstall later.

mk-build-deps can be installed with sudo apt install devscripts


Having Xubuntu at its minimal display level,need the actual version of xubuntu with the eye candy features!

Your first Image is how the vanilla xfce4 package is set up.

Your second Image is how the xubuntu-desktop package is set up.

Since you already have XFCE installed you need some more things to make it looks like that.

To make the first look like the latter you need to:

Download the Xubuntu theme

  Open a Terminal and Type: sudo apt-get install xubuntu-artwork hit Enter and type your password.

Download the Xubuntu Icons

  While still in the Terminal, Type sudo apt-get install xubuntu-icon-theme

And Download the Xubuntu wallpaper

  Install them with sudo apt-get install xubuntu-wallpapers

Then just adjust the panel's size and colors.

►Right Click on the Top panel ►Preferences ►Appearence and change the color.

While still in the preferences, go to the last tab to add the Applets you want.

If some of the Applets are not installed, install them with sudo apt-get install xfce4-goodies

To change the Theme and the Icons go to the ►Menu ►Configuration ►Appearance.

To change the Wallpaper right click the desktop and then Desktop configuration.

Alternatively you can just install the xubuntu-desktoppackage and it will set it up for you, though once you're about to login (if you didn't set it up to login automatically) you will have two choices:

XFCE4
Xubuntu

Though i think is redundant to have two if only the aesthetics are the only difference between the sessions.


I can't write anything to second partition. Only root partition appears on file system

You will need to tell the OS where to mount that partition; check /etc/fstab to see if there is an entry for it. If there isn't then create a mount point for it on the root filesystem, check that you can mount it with the mount command and when it works and add an entry in /etc/fstab to mount it automatically at boot.  The man pages for the mount command and the format of /etc/fstab will help you. See also the Ubuntu help wiki page on fstab.


Unable to access Windows7 partition after updating Windows

Based on the image posted, it appears that the (Windows) recommended fix here is to use Windows chkdsk /f and then reboot to Windows twice.  It is still recommended to use Windows tools to fix NTFS filesystem problems, even though almost all Linux systems can read and write NTFS without issues.

If Windows won't start at all, you may need to start the machine from a Windows Boot media or Rescue media -- but one with a Windows/DOS operating system, so that you have access to chkdsk.  If you don't have bootable Windows media, you may need to remove the HDD and connect it to a working Windows machine to perform the recommended fix.


How to transfer files to mounted disk with sftp?

The problem is you are using wrong UID and GID entries.

As you indicated, your user pi is using group ID 1000 and user ID 1000.  Update your mount point as follows in your fstab:

UUID=A2DE-E78C /media/data auto rw,defaults,gid=1000,uid=1000,umask=0027 0 1


Getting gnome-terminal to run tmux on start

In the gnome-terminal.desktop file, you need the Exec to contain the command exactly as you would run it via a shell.  In this case, the gnome-terminal executable e parameter needs a quoted string to execute:

Exec=gnome-terminal -e 'tmux -2'


Go to Chrome's website and download the official .deb file
Use Gdebi package installer to install the deb file.
You can install it also from the software centre.

PS - chrome already comes with pepper flash an open source flash player so no need for adobe's.


I am not able to view mp3 files on my sansa clip player that were previously loaded using windows

I was having the same problem with files not appearing when my device was connected to my PC. (Sansa 240)

I initially attempted to select "Show hidden files" in my File Explorer options setting, but that was already selected.

Further Googling then lead me to the Sandisk website where I learned about the USB mode (connectivity) problem. It says that I should switch to the MSC mode on my device, then connect to my PC. When I checked, MSC was already selected but there was another option called Auto Detect, which I selected. When I connected to my PC, my folder view instantly changed and I was finally able to see my music files (and delete unwanted ones). So it was not actually the MSC mode that I needed, but I learned that I had to "unselect" it in order to view my Sansa files on the PC. Go to Settings on your device, and there should be a USB setting you can adjust.

Try this option and see how it goes. Here is the link.

https://kb.sandisk.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/447/~/songs-show-up-and-play-on-the-sansa-player-but-does-not-show-up-on-the-computer


Installing ubuntulooks and using themes for applications

I'm sorry for my bad English.
I assume that you have the SlicknesS-black theme folder in /usr/share/themes.
Now execute this command in the terminal:

GTK2_RC_FILES=/usr/share/themes/SlicknesS-black/gtk-2.0/gtkrc codeblocks

I have another black theme. It works and looks like this:

Tell me if it worked :)