Why does "apt-get autoremove" removes packages that are still used by programms?

… used by … isn't a dependency.

Ubuntu web browser is webbrowser-app and this packages doesn't depends on webapps-common as you can see here:

% apt-cache showpkg webbrowser-app
Package: webbrowser-app
Versions:
0.23+15.10.20150929-0ubuntu1 (/var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_wily_main_binary-i386_Packages) (/var/lib/dpkg/status)
 Description Language:
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_wily_main_binary-i386_Packages
                  MD5: 1f79f4f353f46fb70b66fe12583d75f2
 Description Language: en
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_wily_main_i18n_Translation-en
                  MD5: 1f79f4f353f46fb70b66fe12583d75f2

Reverse Depends:
  webbrowser-app-autopilot,webbrowser-app 0.23+15.10.20150929-0ubuntu1
  unity8-desktop-session-mir,webbrowser-app
  unity-chromium-extension,webbrowser-app
  ubuntu-touch,webbrowser-app
  qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-extras-browser-plugin,webbrowser-app 0.21
  qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-extras-browser-plugin,webbrowser-app 0.21
  webapp-container,webbrowser-app 0.23+15.10.20150929-0ubuntu1
Dependencies:
0.23+15.10.20150929-0ubuntu1 - libc6 (2 2.4) libgcc1 (2 1:4.1.1) libqt5core5a (2 5.4.0) libqt5gui5 (18 5.0.2) libqt5gui5-gles (2 5.0.2) libqt5network5 (2 5.0.2) libqt5qml5 (2 5.0.2) libqt5quick5 (18 5.0.2) libqt5quick5-gles (2 5.0.2) libqt5sql5 (2 5.0.2) libqt5widgets5 (2 5.0.2) libstdc++6 (2 4.1.1) qtdeclarative-abi-5-4-1 (0 (null)) fonts-liberation (0 (null)) liboxideqt-qmlplugin (2 1.9) libqt5sql5-sqlite (0 (null)) qml-module-qt-labs-folderlistmodel (0 (null)) qml-module-qt-labs-settings (0 (null)) qml-module-qtquick2 (2 5.4) qml-module-qtquick-dialogs (0 (null)) qml-module-qtquick-window2 (2 5.3) qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin (18 1.3) qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin-gles (2 1.3) qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-web-plugin (5 0.23+15.10.20150929-0ubuntu1) qtdeclarative5-unity-action-plugin (0 (null)) webbrowser-app-assets (0 (null)) qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-extras-browser-plugin (3 0.22) qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-extras-browser-plugin (3 0.22) webbrowser-app-assets (0 (null))
Provides:
0.23+15.10.20150929-0ubuntu1 - webbrowser-app-assets
Reverse Provides:

The same for unity-tweak-tool

% apt-cache showpkg unity-tweak-tool
Package: unity-tweak-tool
Versions:
0.0.6ubuntu3 (/var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_wily_universe_binary-i386_Packages)
 Description Language:
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_wily_universe_binary-i386_Packages
                  MD5: 03fe374b7c5423fb415fda866ee7d016
 Description Language: en
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_wily_universe_i18n_Translation-en
                  MD5: 03fe374b7c5423fb415fda866ee7d016

Reverse Depends:
Dependencies:
0.0.6ubuntu3 - python3 (0 (null)) python3:any (2 3.3.2-2~) gir1.2-glib-2.0 (0 (null)) gir1.2-gtk-3.0 (0 (null)) unity (2 6.8) python3-xdg (0 (null)) python3-cairo (0 (null)) dconf-gsettings-backend (16 (null)) gsettings-backend (0 (null))
Provides:
0.0.6ubuntu3 -
Reverse Provides:

And webapps-common, you mean unity-webapps-common has the following dependencies

% apt-cache showpkg unity-webapps-common
Package: unity-webapps-common
Versions:
2.4.17+15.10.20150616-0ubuntu1 (/var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_wily_main_binary-i386_Packages) (/var/lib/dpkg/status)
 Description Language:
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_wily_main_binary-i386_Packages
                  MD5: 6239cf9f51a5f55b69feac74e29c76c0
 Description Language: en
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_wily_main_i18n_Translation-en
                  MD5: 6239cf9f51a5f55b69feac74e29c76c0

Reverse Depends:
  unity-webapps-youtube,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-yandexnews,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-yandexmusic,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-yandexmail,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-yandex-music,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-yahoonews,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-yahoomail,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-wordpress-com,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-wordpress,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-vkcom,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-twitter,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-tumblr,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-reddit,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-qq-mail,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-pandora,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-newsblur,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-mail-ru,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-livemail,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-linkedin,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-librefm,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-launchpad,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-lastfm-radio,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-hulu-player,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-grooveshark,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-googleplusgames,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-googleplus,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-googlenews,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-googledocs,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-googlecalendar,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-gmail,unity-webapps-common 2.4.17+14.04.20140122-0ubuntu1
  unity-webapps-facebookmessenger,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-deviantart,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-dev,unity-webapps-common 2.4.16
  unity-webapps-dev,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-deezer,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-cnn-news,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-bbcnews,unity-webapps-common
  unity-webapps-amazoncloudreader,unity-webapps-common
  ubuntukylin-desktop,unity-webapps-common
  unity-asset-pool,unity-webapps-common 2.4.13-0ubuntu1
  unity-asset-pool,unity-webapps-common 2.4.13-0ubuntu1
  ubuntu-desktop,unity-webapps-common
Dependencies:
2.4.17+15.10.20150616-0ubuntu1 - gir1.2-glib-2.0 (0 (null)) python3 (0 (null)) python3-gi (0 (null)) unity-asset-pool (4 0.8.24daily12.12.05-0ubuntu1) unity-webapps-service (2 2.3.8-0ubuntu3) xdg-utils (0 (null)) session-migration (0 (null)) xul-ext-unity (18 0.3.1) unity-chromium-extension (0 (null)) unity-webapps (0 (null)) unity-webapps-amazon (0 (null)) unity-webapps-angrybirds (0 (null)) unity-webapps-cuttherope (0 (null)) unity-webapps-facebookapps (0 (null)) unity-webapps-googlereader (0 (null)) unity-webapps-lordofultima (0 (null)) unity-webapps-pandora-com (0 (null)) unity-webapps-tiberiumalliances (0 (null)) unity-webapps (0 (null))
Provides:
2.4.17+15.10.20150616-0ubuntu1 -
Reverse Provides:


Wacom DTF521 mapped to my Laptop Monitor

use:

xsetwacom set <device> MapToOutput <monitor name>

please see:

http://linuxwacom.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Dual_and_Multi-Monitor_Set_Up


Re-configure GRUB to directly boot to Ubuntu on dual-boot

After editing /etc/default/grub, did you perform this command from a terminal?

sudo update-grub

If you missed that step, that is probably why you are still getting the grub menu.


gdm subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe)

Answer taken from OPs comments

  i find the solution here askubuntu.com/questions/152256/…
  sudo apt-get install gdm


Did you unmount the USB stick safely? In the file manager there is an "eject" icon near the drive name. You can also try to run the sync command (no arguments, just "sync") in a terminal.


There is not simple downgrade path supported.  You can try installing again and when it asks how you want to install specify "Do Something Else" and it will take you to the advanced partitioner.  There, you should specify the partitions to use but do not click the box to format the /home partition if you have a separate one, or the / (root) partition if it also contains your /home.

The Ubiquity installer will then install over the top of the existing files leaving everything else in place.  Because downgrading is not supported however, I'm not sure if this cause further breakage.

Regardless, I recommend that you back up all of your important data before you proceed any further.  Development releases can and do get broken by an update at any time during the development cycle.

After you get it back up and running, make sure that you don't have update manager set to check for development releases.  I'd even recommend that you set it to not tell you about stable releases either.  They come out every six months - you can upgrade at any time if you really want to.


You can add an additional configuration app to manage your touchpad:

just install gpointing-device-settings


How do I increase scroll speed in Microsoft Edge in Ubuntu

Slow scrolling is not something I've seen with Edge on Ubuntu, but you can look at some of the scroll settings like this:
From Edge:

Paste edge://flags/ into the address bar
Search "scroll"

This will show you everything related to scrolling that you can do in Edge. You'll need to try changing different options to see which ones will improve scrolling on your system, though "Smooth Scrolling" and "Enable Lazy Image Loading" would be good places to start. Some of these are not 100% supported in Linux just yet, though there is some support when the options are changed.
Hope this gives you something to work with.


You are using Ubuntu Classic (Gnome 2). This is standard as is the message that your hardware does not support Unity. This message is misleading. Your hardware is powerful enough for Unity when you have the proprietary driver installed. The message should say that you will need to activate the proprietary driver to use Unity.

The intention is to replace proprietary drivers with an open source driver. When that project is finished, then that message will mean what it says. Until then .....

Install the proprietary driver using the Additional Drivers utility:

How can I activate Unity?

You will get a message saying driver activated but not in use. Ignore this message. It is also faulty. The driver is in use.

Re-start and at login click on your user name and select Ubuntu from the menu on the bottom panel. That will run the Unity GUI.

Gnome 3 will be in 11.10. It is already in the Alpha versions. I am testing it. So, I know.


Where are the new desktop & server features documented?

Each release has a technical overview, here's the one for 11.04

http://www.ubuntu.com/testing

And of course, the release notes:

http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes


LibreOffice Snap package doesn't list the system printers

Use snap connect libreoffice:cups-control :cups-control to get printers working in LibreOffice.

Please also say that you're affected by the bug I've linked (by clicking the button at the top of that page) and like this post on the forum so that people don't have to run this command in the future.


MX 5 is not in the Ubuntu Repositories.
MX 5 is not supported software.

Use at your own risk.

Go to
http://www.maxthon.com/blog/maxthon-expands-its-suite-of-high-performance-web-browsers-to-linux/ and download the appropriate .deb file. 1.0.5 is currently the latest available.

Use dpkg to install the .deb

sudo dpkg --install /path/to/file.deb


Explanation of what I'm doing when Installing New Software

Starting at Step 2.

tar xvf is used to decompress your compressed tarball file which contains your eclipse install files

Step 3.

mv is used to move files or directories

cd is to change directories that you're in

chown changes the ownership of a file or directory, in this case you're making root:root the owner of the eclipse folder

chmod changes the permissions on folders or files, here you're adding read rights to everyone

Step 4.

touch updates the timestamp of when a file was accessed or modified, if the file doesn't exist, it will create it

chmod 755 gives everyone read and execute permissions to the file, leaving write access left to the user

nano is a basic text editor (your pasting the script contents into the file you're editing)

Step 5.

This will create a desktop icon for eclipse in gnome


Why is Ubuntu unable to do MTP  SMB transfers?

Ubuntu isn't the only one on this case
MTP isn't a direct access Filesystem (See this answer), so you need to first copy the file into your system in order to do this (or use adb).Especially for rsync, the copy software has no idea of what the file is as the directory listing is "streamed" and then, when a copy is requested, the phone will upload that file
So manual copy is required before exporting to external server


Ubuntu 14.04 libc.a file format not recognized

I've solved the problem myself by reinstalling related packages:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall gcc libc6 libc6-dev


Command run in terminal, not with shortcuts

IIRC keyboard shortcut commands are running in an sh shell, which doesn't have all the features Bash has.

Your command uses some bash-specific syntax though, which is why it doesn't work. The simplest fix is to simply run it in a Bash shell by replacing it with this command below:

bash -c "wmctrl -s $(wmctrl -d | grep '*' | awk '{print $1+1}')"


SOLUTION: i had got 1,5 GB ram inside, while the laptop just recognized 1 GB due to hw/bios limitations. so i took the 512 mb out and it runs completely stable.

btw: windows xp ran stable under same conditions. ;)
(but linux is still faster)


Windows 10 update destroyed grub and ubuntu partition

Wait for somebody else's opinion, but here's mine.
Notice this from your log:
Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________

Disk /dev/sda: 512.1 GB, 512110190592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 62260 cylinders, total 1000215216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Partition  Boot  Start Sector    End Sector  # of Sectors  Id System

/dev/sda1             206,848   292,184,795   291,977,948   7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sda2    *    292,186,112   293,181,439       995,328  27 Hidden NTFS (Recovery Environment)
/dev/sda3         293,183,486 1,000,214,527   707,031,042   5 Extended
/dev/sda5         970,917,888 1,000,214,527    29,296,640  82 Linux swap / Solaris

...

Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary.
DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently.

Yes, your main ext4 partition is in fact absent, however your swap partition is still there. That could possibly be an indicator that the destruction isn't too serious.
The way I see it you have two options:

Attempt recovery
Reinstall Ubuntu

For attempting recovery, the first thing you're going to need to do is create a live USB drive. As you seem to be a technically inclined person, I'll simply recommend using the program from http://pendrivelinux.com
I found this success story about ext4 recovery even though the poster had LVM: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1376383
He used the program testdisk, so I would suggest that as well.
But first,
Do you have an external HDD >= in capacity to your internal HDD?
If not, you need to decide how important this recovery is to you. Remember, your data is probably still there somewhere.
But in order to recover it, you will be performing dangerous operations with the potential to destroy the vulnerable data.
So assuming you have the right sized external HDD as I mentioned previously, boot from that live USB you created earlier and dd your internal drive to the external one, like so:
#Keep in mind this will destroy everything on the external HDD. You'll need to replace the path to the external HDD's partition accordingly, or else you will most certainly facilitate further destruction.
sudo dd if="/dev/sda" of="/dev/sdb"

That will take several hours to complete. So give it some time.
Afterwards, disconnect your external drive.
Congratulations! You now have a complete drive image, meaning that if you completely wreck the entire partition table on your internal one, you can still restore to the exact state you are in now
Now that you have said drive image, have a go with testdisk and see what it comes up with.


Ubuntu boots in read-only filesystem after upgrade!

check your S.M.A.R.T.
looks like your HDD is failing


Share User folder along different versions of Ubuntu running Gnome classic desktop

You really don't want to do this. Newer versions of applications may make incompatible changes to the configuration, which the older versions can't handle. As a result, when you do run the newer versions of Ubuntu, you may then have issues running the older versions, due to such incompatible changes.

For Firefox history/bookmarks, you probably should use Firefox Sync perhaps; though I don't know that it supports syncing history. For the Downloads folder, you could have it be on external storage, and simply mount that partition/drive under all the versions of Ubuntu, or you could use Ubuntu One to sync the folder as well.


Try

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/libe/libebml/libebml4_1.3.0-2_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /home/paperfairy/Downloads/libebml4_1.3.0-2_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get purge libebml3


Partitioning hard drive with Windows 7 for Ubuntu installation

Welcome to Ask Ubuntu! It is heartening to know that you are looking forward to give Ubuntu a try.

Is it worth installing Ubuntu to its own partition instead of using WUBI?

  In my opinion, absolutely yes!

WUBI is a tool provided by Ubuntu community to enable a new user to take a glance at Ubuntu user Interface, its basic fuctionality etc. However, at the end of the day, it is only a tool running inside another operating system, using some of the host's features. To experience the power and ease of use in an Ubuntu system, it is recommended to go for a fully functional and independent Ubuntu installation, even if it has to be placed alongside any other operating system. I am sure you would love the experience of seeing Ubuntu in action on its own!

I understand that there could be some apprehension around the decision of disturbing an existing OS and partitions. Ubuntu installation process has been designed to give you a smooth experience during and even after installation. If you are a new Ubuntu user, it is recommened though, to go through the entire installation procedure of your chosen Ubuntu flavor carefully before starting. Even after that, if anything goes wrong, let me assure you, we at Ask Ubuntu are always ready to assist you with any problem you might face.

How to partition the disk to install Linux-Secure-Remix

Based on my experience with Ubuntu (and the fact that I am also relatively new to it), I will recommend the partitioning your hard drive as follows:

RECOVERY : Do not touch
OS : Do not touch
DATA :

Resize with GParted to create free space at the end of the existing partition; at least 10 GB. You may do this operation from within Windows using any other partitioning software or by booting with Ubuntu LiveDVD or LiveUSB.

This free space can be used to create an ext3 or ext4 partition usable by a Linux system. This will serve as your Ubuntu partition.

Note : It will be a good idea to go through recommended partitioning scheme for Ubuntu before starting installation.

Wish you a great Ubuntu experience!


I want all the apps to be installed in /home directory. Is it possible?

Yes. But you need to install software from SOURCE not from the software center. Before you start thinking about doing that please keep reading.

  The free space available in usr/lib directory is around 12GB, which I don't feel is enough for me. Is it possible to change to /home directory?

Beside leaving the installation method Ubuntu uses by default... there are other options ...

If you do not use hibernate and have a largish amount of money you can free up space by deleting swap. You can also resize /home and "/" by moving a bit from /home/ to "/". You can make a separate partition of /usr/ or /var/ by splitting /home/ into 2 partitions and mounting that other directory in the empty one.
And the is not even mentioning the more simple option of adding a extra hard disk to a desktop.

The question you need to answer: if you have a 17Gb "/" and you now have still 12 Gb free  ... What are you planning to install to fill up that 12Gb?! And if you can answer that: you believe you need ALL those 12Gb worth of software at the same time?

My personal partitoning:

rinzwind@schijfwereld:~$ df -H
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5        99G  7,2G   87G   8% /
/dev/sdb5        25G  2,2G   22G  10% /home
/dev/sdb6       365G  174G  173G  51% /discworld

I have 2 disks in my notebook (the 99G one is an SSD). And I have MySQL running on this machine (as with all personal data: the SQL database file is on /discworld/). I have never ever been over 10Gb Used the whole time using Ubuntu. And my /home/ never ever got over 3Gb Used.

No you'll be fine with your current setup. I would start to worry when your "/" is filled up 90+%. Not sooner.


Have a look at this Management application by ubuntu.This allows you to manage multiple computers at a time(But It is not free!!)

The other way is that you can do all the things like installation of Apps and settings etc. on one PC and then make an image of this OS and Then install that image on each PC so that you will get all PC's pre-configured!

To make such iso have a look at Remaster ISO


During Ubuntu installation, Mouse doesn't work

I dont think this is a mouse problem. You should check if your touchpad or touchscreen is dry and clean.

When you can see your mouse, the mouse DOES work.

Did you install other system on your computer? You should try with it.


Unable to Save edited IP config Network settings in Ubuntu 16.04

It's not error, 255.255.252.0/22 it's a representation.

Restart your network manager for network problem

Press Ctrl + Alt + T (open terminal) and type:

sudo service network-manager restart


Boot USB for windows from Linux Distributuin(winUSB not working)

Insert your usb key in your PC and check the path of the key with the command

sudo fdisk -l

Supposing your usb key is identified with /dev/sdb (normally /dev/sda is your main drive) unmount the key with the command

sudo umount /dev/sdb

Once unmounted you are ready to flash Win iso on the key with the following command

sudo dd bs=4M if=[/path/to/your/win/image].iso of=/dev/sdb

Beware: when you launch dd command, it could take several minute with no output to end. Let it go on!


There is no way to do that except to:

Build an Ubuntu Kiosk PC that is physically completely locked down inside steel casing.
Ensure it has no keyboard and mouse
Ensure it has wireless power, so it cannot be unplugged
the video is the only thing running full-screen in an endless loop.

Now that i think of it, even that won't do the trick, as the most simple of tools will still be able to turn off the screen! ;-)


whenever i want to install any package a mailformed error is showing

You did not add a correct sources list file for Sublime.  You have two options:  Fix the file, or remove the file and not have Sublime on your system.

Fixing the file
The documentation from Sublime actually shows you need to have this as the contents of /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list:
deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/TRACK/

where you replace TRACK with either stable or dev depending on which Sublime version track you want (stable for stable, dev for the in-development versions).
Go into the file specifically that you have now, and make sure to update it with the proper apt-formatted string.
Edit the file with this command:
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list

Edit the file according to the information I gave you above.
Hit CTRL + O once you've made the revisions, then hit the "Enter" key when it says "File name to Write" (which should already say sublimetext.list).  Then hit CTRL + X to drop back to the terminal.
Now attempt your sudo apt-get update command - it should work then.

Removing the file
This one is easy:
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list

Now your apt-get update calls won't error.  The side effect though is that you can't get Sublime Text installed then.


Ubuntu 18.04 is too slow on my Asus r558ur

Change in /etc/default/grub

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="nomodeset"

to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

and run

sudo update-grub

You disabled loading any kernel drivers for your graphics.


Is it a good idea to install nvidia 361 drivers in 14.04?

Generally when the stable NVIDIA drivers 352 from the Ubuntu repositories are working without problems, there is no need to install newer drivers. On the other side, there have been many bug fixes and improvements since the 352 drivers were released, so it may be a good idea to upgrade to the the latest official stable NVIDIA 361 from the NVIDIA long-lived branch which are included in Ubuntu 16.04 and ... also are available for Ubuntu 14.04 from the Proprietary GPU Drivers PPA.

But it is definitely not recommended to install them manually by using the installer from NVIDIA.
If you want to install NVIDIA drivers 361 - open a terminal and execute the following commands :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-361
sudo reboot


Is this simplified flow chart of how the ubuntu fire up is correct ?

The following are the 6 high level stages of a typical Linux boot process.

1. BIOS

BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System
Performs some system integrity checks
Searches, loads, and executes the boot loader program.
It looks for boot loader in floppy, cd-rom, or hard drive. You can
press a key (typically F12 of F2, but it depends on your system)
during the BIOS startup to change the boot sequence.
Once the boot loader program is detected and loaded into the memory,
BIOS gives the control to it.

So, in simple terms BIOS loads and executes the MBR boot loader.

2. MBR

MBR stands for Master Boot Record.
It is located in the 1st sector of the bootable disk. Typically
/dev/hda, or /dev/sda
MBR is less than 512 bytes in size. This has three components 1)
primary boot loader info in 1st 446 bytes 2) partition table info in
next 64 bytes 3) mbr validation check in last 2 bytes.
It contains information about GRUB (or LILO in old systems). So, in
simple terms MBR loads and executes the GRUB boot loader.

3. GRUB

GRUB stands for Grand Unified Bootloader.
If you have multiple kernel images installed on your system, you can
choose which one to be executed.
GRUB displays a splash screen, waits for few seconds, if you don’t
enter anything, it loads the default kernel image as specified in the
grub configuration file.
GRUB has the knowledge of the filesystem (the older Linux loader LILO
didn’t understand filesystem).

Grub configuration file is

/boot/grub/grub.conf (/etc/grub.conf is a link to this). The following is sample grub.conf of CentOS.

#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS (2.6.18-194.el5PAE)
          root (hd0,0)
          kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5PAE ro root=LABEL=/
          initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-194.el5PAE.img

As you notice from the above info, it contains kernel and initrd image.
So, in simple terms GRUB just loads and executes Kernel and initrd images.

4. Kernel

Mounts the root file system as specified in the “root=” in grub.conf
Kernel executes the /sbin/init program

Since init was the 1st program to be executed by Linux Kernel, it has the process id (PID) of 1. Do a ps -ef | grep init and check the pid.
initrd stands for Initial RAM Disk.
initrd is used by kernel as temporary root file system until kernel
is booted and the real root file system is mounted. It also contains
necessary drivers compiled inside, which helps it to access the hard
drive partitions, and other hardware.

5. Init

Looks at the /etc/inittab file to decide the Linux run level.
Following are the available run levels
halt
Single user mode
Multiuser, without NFS
Full multiuser mode
unused
X11
reboot

Init identifies the default initlevel from /etc/inittab and uses that to load all appropriate program.
Execute ‘grep initdefault /etc/inittab on your system to identify
the default run level

If you want to get into trouble, you can set the default run level to 0 or 6. Since you know what 0 and 6 means, probably you might not do that.
Typically you would set the default run level to either 3 or 5.

6. Runlevel programs

When the Linux system is booting up, you might see various services
getting started. For example, it might say starting sendmail …. OK.
Those are the runlevel programs, executed from the run level
directory as defined by your run level.
Depending on your default init level setting, the system will execute
the programs from one of the following directories.

Run level 0 – /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/
Run level 1 – /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/
Run level 2 – /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/
Run level 3 – /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/
Run level 4 – /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/
Run level 5 – /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/
Run level 6 – /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/

Please note that there are also symbolic links available for these
directory under /etc directly. So, /etc/rc0.d is linked to
/etc/rc.d/rc0.d.
Under the /etc/rc.d/rc*.d/ directories, you would see programs that
start with S and K.
Programs starts with S are used during startup. S for startup.
Programs starts with K are used during shutdown. K for kill.
There are numbers right next to S and K in the program names. Those
are the sequence number in which the programs should be started or
killed.
For example, S12syslog is to start the syslog deamon, which has the
sequence number of 12. S80sendmail is to start the sendmail daemon,
which has the sequence number of 80. So, syslog program will be
started before sendmail.

Update:

Many of modern linux distros replaced init with systemd and upstart

Systemd

systemd is an init system used by some Linux distributions to bootstrap the user space and manage all processes subsequently, instead of the UNIX System V or Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) init systems. The name systemd adheres to the Unix convention of naming daemons by appending the letter d. It is published as free and open-source software under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 2.1 or later. One of systemd's main goals is to unify basic Linux configurations and service behaviors across all distributions.

As of 2015, many Linux distributions have adopted systemd as their default init system. The increasing adoption of systemd has been controversial, with critics arguing the software has violated the Unix philosophy by becoming increasingly complex, and that distributions have been forced to adopt it due to the dependency of various other software upon it, including, most notably, the GNOME 3 desktop environment.

Upstart

Upstart is an event-based replacement for the traditional init daemon – the method by which several Unix-like computer operating systems perform tasks when the computer is started. It was written by Scott James Remnant, a former employee of Canonical Ltd.

The traditional init process was originally only responsible for bringing the computer into a normal running state after power-on, or gracefully shutting down services prior to shutdown. As a result, the design is strictly synchronous, blocking future tasks until the current one has completed. Its tasks must also be defined in advance, as they are limited to this prep or cleanup function. This leaves it unable to handle various non-startup-tasks on a modern desktop computer elegantly, including:

The addition or removal of USB flash drives and other portable
storage / network devices while the machine is running
The discovery and scanning of new storage devices, without locking
the system, especially when a disk may not even power on until it is
scanned
The loading of firmware for a device, which may need to occur
after it is detected but before it is usable

Upstart's event-driven model allows it to respond to events asynchronously as they are generated.

Hope it helps. For more details go to thegeekstuff and golinuxhub


Which Ubuntu ISO should I burn for my system?

It is better to install a 64 bit version of Ubuntu, if your processor architecture supports it. amd64 iso corresponds to 64 bit version of Ubuntu.

And its called amd64 because, the original specifications for x86-64 was created by AMD. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64)

Your processor supports 64 bit instruction set. (Source : http://ark.intel.com/products/70847). So you can use amd64 iso.

And this error

ata_id[334]: HDIO_GET_IDENTITY failed for ´/dev/sdc´: Invalid argument

is most likely because of the OS unable to identify your Disk Drive. For more information about it, read this question Ubuntu not booting from CD or USB, how can I make sure OS finds my drive?


Maybe is something related with your video driver, because of plymouth crash.

Try updating your video driver to a recent version.


insufficient permissions for device: when Ubuntu Desktop kept on overnight

I am not sure of the problem here did you try killing things which may have blocked the system somewhere. Try the command "ps -A | grep apt" and then kill according to PID no. at the first of each, just for example there is an output-:

13431 pts/1 ............

13433 pts/1.............

then simply run according to PID number

sudo kill -9 13431

sudo kill -SIGKILL 13431


Ubuntu removed by easybcd but is still appearing in boot menu

In EasyBCD 2.2:

Click Edit Boot Menu.
Select Ubuntu.
Click Delete.
You can optionaly click Skip the boot menu.

Save settings.


Deleting the programs files does not remove or reset the program.

In order to completely remove the program you must uninstall the program, and then reinstall it.

To do this you must:

Uninstall the program.
To do this you must first open the terminal. To do this press:

ctrl + alt + T

The terminal window should now be open. To uninstall it type the following command:

sudo apt-get --purge remove vim-gnome

This may ask you to enter your password, then it will completely remove the program.

Reinstall the Program
To do this simply type:

sudo apt-get install vim-gnome

Again you may need to enter your password.

Once this is finished you are finished.


No sound after upgrading to 16.04 LTS from 14.04 LTS

Did some more digging and it turns out that fglrx handled all of the important driver update stuff for the PowerColor Radeon cards, a quick google search turned up their respective driver page and the updated one for Ubuntu 16.04 which uses the new AMD updates.

Instructions can be found here: http://support.amd.com/en-us/kb-articles/Pages/AMDGPU-PRO-Install.aspx

Once I followed the installation steps there and did a restart, everything is back up and working again!


What do the letters stand for in APT errors?

Letters designate error message type. By looking at the apt-cache C++ source code and the related error.cc file, there's apparently different types of errors:

GEMessage(FatalE, FATAL)
GEMessage(Errno, ERROR)
GEMessage(WarningE, WARNING)
GEMessage(NoticeE, NOTICE)
GEMessage(DebugE, DEBUG)

The errors are pushed onto message stack via _error->Insert method which in the apt-cache source is apparently an "alias" for GlobalError::Insert method.

Interestingly enough there's also CacheSetHelper which sets whether to show errors or not. That defaults to showing errors in the constructor for this class, and message type to ERROR.


Ubuntu 12.04 default wallpaper for all users

I've done this using gsettings for GNOME3, simply having a package with

debian/gsettings-override:

[org.gnome.desktop.background]
picture-uri='file:///usr/share/my-background-package/my-background.png'

for example (I'm guessing similar mechanisms exists for xfce and kde as well, though you might have to explicitly install the override there..).

And then making sure that the package installs this background in that location via

debian/install:

my-background.png usr/share/my-background-package

and storing the image as my-background.png in the root of the package source.


Low and crackling sound with Reaktek ALC800

In alsa some cards are not meant to be "maxed out" in volume. I would leave the mixers around 95% or so. If it is still quiet try moving some mixers and not others. This may or may not help you.

Try turning volume down in alsa a bit so it does not crackle and turn the volume up in the pulseaudio mixer to 130% or so. This may change with the alsamixer setting as well though.

You updated alsa drivers correct? Did you use a script method or the Ubuntu Alsa Backports package? I have had good results with the package myself.

If nothing else, report this as a bug. Especially if you figure out a solution. Refer to this documentation for further help: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DebuggingSoundProblems

Sorry I could not be of more help, good luck! I know a tiny bit about sound so I can help you look into OSS or something as well (however that road I never went far down). Perhaps if all else fails give a look into this:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/OpenSound


There is no route to easily upgrade from 15.04 directly to 16.04. You would have to first upgrade to 15.10 and then upgrade to 16.04. In theory you could do this, see How to install software or upgrade from an old unsupported release? , however, doing so is going to take longer and be more error prone than a fresh install.

IMO you are best off BACKING UP YOU DATA and performing a fresh install. As long as you DO NOT FORMAT your drive as part of the install, your data in $HOME should be preserved. If not you would need to restore from backup.

See How to reinstall ubuntu and preserve home directory and Re-install Ubuntu without losing data in home folder


Is it efficient to install X/Lubuntu and use KDE/Gnome applications

If you only "sometimes" use an application, which uses GTK or QT libraries, but usually don't use them, then it is worth it as the libraries are only loaded if one application uses it. Furthermore, most applications only use "some" of the libraries, not as many as the window manager itself might require to be loaded. And in addition to the libraries there are more things which a window manager loads, which are not loaded when using another window manager even with the libraries of this manager.

Finally you will for sure notice a faster bootup of your system when using a lightweight window manager.


Cron job from mysql and send an email with results

According to cron manual:

When executing commands, any output is  mailed  to  the  owner  of
the crontab (or to the user named in the MAILTO environment variable
in the crontab, if such exists)

So you should use this command in order to modify crontab configuration file:

crontab -e

This will open /etc/crontab file and, according to crontab manual:

The -e option is used to edit the  current  crontab  using  the  editor
specified  by  the  VISUAL  or EDITOR environment variables.  After you
exit  from  the  editor,  the  modified  crontab  will   be   installed
automatically. If neither of the environment variables is defined, then
the default editor /usr/bin/editor is used.

Add this line in order to choose user mailed with output of your script:

MAILTO="userMailed"

You should not need this if userMailed is same as user who runs crontab -e.

In order to run your script weekly you should add another line. To do this, there are many different way such as:

5 4 * * sun   /path/to/your/script

this will run at 5 after 4 every sunday, or:

 @weekly      /path/to/your/script

this will run once a week, same as "0 0 * * 0".

You can choose your best options following crontab manual.

Save your change, this will automatically install your cron job.


My 19.04 Ubuntu terminal keep shrinking in size

I have upgraded to Ubuntu 20.04. The gnome-terminal still shrinking its size when I maximize and restore the window. This does not happen in WAYLAND though.

I have decided that this is a call to change my habit of using Ubuntu terminals. So I will maximum the window using SuperUp, keep it that way, and CtrlShiftTto open more tabs. This way, the screen size is always maximized and maintain the same size. If needed, I can minimize it by SuperH, and call it back via SuperTab.


ubuntu error : Errors were encountered while processing: redis-server

You should probably alter the redis.conf file to force it to use IPv4 if it supports that mode only and then maybe you could run it without IPv6.

nano /etc/redis/redis.conf

Simply remove the ::1 IPv6 loopback address from the bind config option:

- bind 127.0.0.1 ::1
+ bind 127.0.0.1

Now redis will not try to use the IPv6 network.

Try to install again

apt install redis-server

Test the Redis Instance Functionality
To test that your service is functioning correctly, connect to the Redis server with the command-line client:

redis-cli

In the prompt that follows, test connectivity by typing:

ping
You should see:

$ 127.0.0.1:6379> ping

Output

PONG

Check that you can set keys by typing:

$ 127.0.0.1:6379> set test "It's working!"

Output

OK

Now, retrieve the value by typing:

$ 127.0.0.1:6379> get test

You should be able to retrieve the value we stored:

Output

$ 127.0.0.1:6379> "It's working!"

Exit the Redis prompt to get back to the shell:

127.0.0.1:6379> exit

As a final test, let's restart the Redis instance:

$ sudo systemctl restart redis


Does this need a desktop environment to run?

You don't need any desktop environment to run GTK programs. You just need the GTK libraries. Which packages is determined by the specifics of the programs you're installing. But you can install them through Ubuntu's package manager--both the binaries and the -dev packages that provide header files for compilation (if you're building these programs from source and linking them against GTK).

If you provide more information about what you're installing and how you plan to install it, a more detail answer could be given. But the basic answer is: no, you don't need a desktop environment to run GTK programs.


Why doesn't the icon change in the launcher when I change the .desktop file?

The problem is that qBittorrent's .desktop file sets the icon based on the localization:

sed -n '/^Icon\(\[[^]]*\]\)\?=.*$/p' /usr/share/applications/qBittorrent.desktop
Icon=qbittorrent
Icon[be]=qbittorrent
Icon[cs]=qbittorrent
Icon[el]=qbittorrent
Icon[en_GB]=qbittorrent
Icon[es]=qbittorrent
Icon[eu]=qbittorrent
Icon[fi]=qbittorrent
Icon[gl]=qbittorrent
Icon[it]=qbittorrent
Icon[ja]=qbittorrent
Icon[lt]=qbittorrent
Icon[nb]=qbittorrent
Icon[pl]=qbittorrent
Icon[pt]=qbittorrent
Icon[pt_BR]=qbittorrent
Icon[ro]=qbittorrent
Icon[ru]=qbittorrent
Icon[sv]=qbittorrent
Icon[uk]=qbittorrent
Icon[vi]=qbittorrent
Icon[zh_TW]=qbittorrent
Icon[en_AU]=qbittorrent

So changing the icon set by the first generic Icon= entry doesn't help:

You'll have to set the Icon= entry matching your current locale; however since localizing the icon by setting the very same icon for each locale is a very silly thing to do in first place, you might as well just change all the Icon= entries by running this command (it will create a qBittorrent.desktop.bak backup file in /usr/share/applications):

sudo sed -i.bak 's|^Icon\(\[[^]]*\]\)\?=.*$|Icon\1=/path/to/icon|' /usr/share/applications/qBittorrent.desktop

Insert the path to the icon here-------------------^-----------^

user@user-X550CL ~ % sudo sed -i.bak 's|^Icon\(\[[^]]*\]\)\?=.*$|Icon\1=/home/user/icon.png|' /usr/share/applications/qBittorrent.desktop
user@user-X550CL ~ % sed -n '/^Icon\(\[[^]]*\]\)\?=.*$/p' /usr/share/applications/qBittorrent.desktop
Icon=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[be]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[cs]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[el]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[en_GB]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[es]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[eu]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[fi]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[gl]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[it]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[ja]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[lt]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[nb]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[pl]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[pt]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[pt_BR]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[ro]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[ru]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[sv]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[uk]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[vi]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[zh_TW]=/home/user/icon.png
Icon[en_AU]=/home/user/icon.png

Or delete the localized Icon= entries and change the generic Icon= entry by running this command (it will create a qBittorrent.desktop.bak backup file in /usr/share/applications):

sudo sed -i.bak '/^Icon\(\[[^]]*\]\)\=.*$/d; s|^Icon=.*$|Icon=/path/to/icon|'

Insert the path to the icon here------------------------------^-----------^

user@user-X550CL ~ % sudo sed -i.bak '/^Icon\(\[[^]]*\]\)\=.*$/d; s|^Icon=.*$|Icon=/path/to/icon|' /usr/share/applications/qBittorrent.desktop
user@user-X550CL ~ % sed -n '/^Icon\(\[[^]]*\]\)\?=.*$/p' /usr/share/applications/qBittorrent.desktop
Icon=/path/to/icon

Or just change the Icon= entry matching your current locale by any mean, such as:

sudo nano /usr/share/applications/qBittorrent.desktop


Forbidden You don't have permission to access /phpmyadmin on this server

It solved :

sudo apt-get install mysql-server
sudo dpkg-reconfigure phpmyadmin
sudo service apache2 restart


Is there an environment variable in csh to modify PS2?

I'm going to assume you're using tcsh, which has prompt2 (not available in the original csh, AFAIK almost all of all versions of csh are tcsh these days).

From the manpage, section "Special shell variables":

  prompt2 (+)
  The string with which to prompt in while and foreach loops and after lines ending in \'. The same format sequences may be used as in prompt (q.v.); note the variable meaning of%R'. Set by default to `%R? ' in interactive shells.

It's not an environment variable, you can just use set:

% set prompt2 = 'x> '
% while 1
x>


Chances are your partition table is damaged, or possibly just a little bit odd. GParted tends to show disks with such partition tables as being completely empty (with no partitions), which is unhelpful.

The solution is to fix the partition table. Unfortunately, it's unclear from your post exactly what's wrong with the partition table. Posting the output of sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda and of sudo parted /dev/sda print might give some clues about what's wrong.

You could also try running my FixParts on the disk, although it's probably better to try to figure out what's wrong first. FixParts can fix a number of common problems, but if used inappropriately it could conceivably cause more damage -- hence my recommendation to post your partition data here first. (You can add this information by editing your post. Be sure to add four spaces to the start of each line of program output; this is a flag to the forum software to preserve the formatting.) Please add a comment to this answer if you add this information; that way I'll notice and check back.

EDIT: Your problem is that your disk is 488,397,168 sectors long, but your extended partition extends out to sector 488,408,129. Fortunately, the logical partition within the extended partition is of legal size. This is one of the problems that FixParts can fix, so try using it. Be sure to read its documentation first. The solution is fairly simple, but you have to know at least the basics of how to use the program; it won't guide you by the hand through the process.


After searching Launchpad, there is no current PPA for 64bit driver of ralink 3090 that I can see.

The markus-tisoft ppa does not have a maverick entry list.  So maybe something in the future, perhaps.


Why does Ubuntu reset brightness settings at the loading screen?

With this guide you can save your brightness level on reboot/shutdown and bring it back after system startup. This does not affect system boot up time.

Make a text file in your home directory (or wherever else) to save the brightness level in it. Open up terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T, then enter the following command:

sudo gedit /home/brightness

Save and exit gedit. Just let it be empty. Then type this command in terminal:

sudo gedit /etc/rc0.d/K99FixBrightness

And copy paste the following bash script into it:

#!/bin/bash
brightness=`cat /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness`
echo $brightness > /home/brightness
exit 0

Then make it executable by entering: sudo chmod 644 /etc/rc0.d/K99FixBrightness in terminal.
Rpeat above steps with rc6.d directory:

sudo gedit /etc/rc6.d/K99FixBrightness

Just so:

#!/bin/bash
brightness=`cat /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness`
echo $brightness > /home/brightness
exit 0

Then make it executable by entering: sudo chmod 644 /etc/rc6.d/K99FixBrightness in terminal.
Until now we set up the brightness level to be saved in /home/brightness before shutdown and reboot. One step to go! Enter the following command in terminal:

sudo gedit /etc/rc.local

Add this before the last line "exit 0":

brightness=`cat /home/brightness`
echo $brightness > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness

Save and exit gedit. Now with system startup the last brightness level will be loaded!

Done! :)


Why can't I install ubuntu on my computer?

You have to use amd64 version of ubuntu. You can get it here.
From the same link:

Have a new PC with the Windows 8 logo or using UEFI firmware?
Please use a 64-bit flavour of Ubuntu desktop.

Full reason here for it to only work with the 64bit version.


Read man 5 passwd to see the fields in /etc/passwd, and use sudo vipw --passwd to edit /etc/passwd, OR, read man chfn and use chfn.

Remember that the changes in /etc/passwd only take effect when you go through the login process.

Whenever one makes changes to the authentication mechanism, one should ensure that one is logged in another terminal to avoid locking oneself out of the system through error.


How can I find the value of the "Visual Effects" setting using the command line?

Yes, you can. If you are using GNOME, then there is excellent gconftool command.

Try

gconftool --get /desktop/gnome/session/required_components/windowmanager

It'll return metacity when setting is "None" and compiz for "Normal". At least in my Ubuntu 10.10 only difference between "Normal" and "Extra" was "wobbly" in plugins list.

Try

gconftool --get /apps/compiz/general/allscreens/options/active_plugins

to get list of plugins. Output should be something like

  [core,ccp,move,resize,place,decoration,dbus,mousepoll,gnomecompat,png,svg,imgjpeg,text,commands,neg,wall,snap,animation,scale,scaleaddon,expo,staticswitcher,regex,resizeinfo,workarounds,ezoom,vpswitch,fade,session,shift,wobbly]

for "Extra" visual effects.


How to keep a maximum of 79 characters per line in case of Python list comprehensions?

The other answers say you should rewrite your list comprehension to a normal loop. It's much easier than that, and you can keep your list comprehension.

You can split wherever you want, it's the same as a statement with parentheses.

# Splitting too much just for the sake of example
return [item for item in list if
        something_very_long and
        something_else_very_long] == []


If there are specific icons that you do not want to see, you can use a Gnome Extension called Icon Hider to remove them from the status bar. This should do what you're looking for.


How can I configure Touchegg on Ubuntu 14.04

I have found a much easier solution: just create a file ".xprofile" in your home folder with the following content:

synclient ClickFinger3=0
synclient TapButton3=0

touchegg &

The first two lines are only needed if you want to use gestures with three fingers. If you leave them out, touchegg will only recongnize gestures with 4 or more fingers.

Alternatively, run the following command that does the same:

echo "synclient ClickFinger3=0
synclient TapButton3=0

touchegg &" > ~/.xprofile

Tochegg will also start on every boot. This worked for me on Ubuntu 15.04 and Ubuntu Gnome 15.04 and should work on any other Ubuntu version.


how do I eliminate unused packages in version 15.04

First you should know our systems is not that smart !! A system can't know which package is needed by you or not. Ubuntu can't remove any package that were installed by the user himself, instead it offers you to delete the packages that were downloaded as dependencies for other packages and not used anymore, which means those packages were installed by the system itself and not by the user...

man apt-get

 autoremove
           autoremove is used to remove packages that were automatically
           installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are now no
           longer needed.

So running sudo apt-get autoremove will uninstall the unused packages which were used as dependencies for other packages.

A system can show you  the Important or required packages so those is not supposed to be removed.

Install aptitude if you don't have it:

sudo apt-get install aptitude

Now you can search for packages considered required:

aptitude search '~prequired'

or important:

aptitude search '~pimportant'

How To know The unused packages in Ubuntu

There is a bash script for a tool called unusedpkg, this can test since when you didn't use the packages so you can determine what to delete.

Download the script. Extract the zipped folder then give permission to the script

chmod +x unusedpkg

Now you can run it from dir containing the script

$./unusedpkg

Sample output:

* UnusedPkg 0.6
  Find unused packages in your Linux system.

WARNING:
   Idle days may be wrong. Before delete anything, check package timestamps
   using 'unusedpkg info <package>', or manually with 'ls -alu'. View README for infos.

Minimum packages size: 1MB

IDLE DAYS   SIZE    PACKAGE NAME
1 year and 6 months      (553 days)     8MB 0ad
1 year and 6 months      (553 days)     2MB gnect
1 year and 6 months      (553 days)     1MB libgvc5
1 year and 6 months      (553 days)     8MB locales


Why does upgrading to 12.04 on an OpenVZ VPS warn that the kernel size is 0?

But what to do now?

Continue. The warning is expected, since OpenVZ VPSs do not have their own kernels -- they operate on the physical host's kernel. OpenVZ is more like an enhanced chroot rather than a true virtual machine in that respect.
Important - if your running kernel is less than 2.6.24
Please check your current kernel version with uname -r. If it is less than 2.6.24, the upgrade will fail half-way with a glibc error. That happens because the glibc included by default with 12.04 requires a minimum 2.6.24 kernel -- glibc are the critical C libraries used by every application.
At that point, you will need the instructions [from this answer], as pasted below:

I've set up a PPA containing a recompiled libc which is compiled to work on 2.6.18 or newer (please check uname -r!), and it should override the current libc provided by Precise. Just add ppa:izx/ovz-libc, update, and it should let you get past this. Specifically, something like this:
apt-add-repository ppa:izx/ovz-libc
apt-get update
apt-get -f install
do-release-upgrade

and continue on until the upgrade completes successfully. I highly recommend NOT replacing any changed or non-existent config files.
I will be keeping the ppa updated as and when libc is updated upstream. The PPA package includes a pin so that it will only be updated when the new fixed libc is available on the PPA, not when it first appears in the official repositories.


What command are you using to compile? It sounds like the compiling system is automatically generating a Makefile, which overwrites the version you're editing. You may need to edit the file the compilation program uses to generate the Makefile instead. For example, if you're using autotools (the standard "./configure; make; sudo make install" deal) you should edit Makefile.am or Makefile.in.


Yes, it is a symbolic link, created with the ln command. To replace the link, you need to do

sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/gcc-4.7 /usr/bin/gcc

or

sudo ln -sf `which gcc` `which gcc-4.7`

The -s is for symbolic (otherwise you will get a "hard link"), -f is for "force", because the target already exists.

I assume that you do have gcc-4.7 installed, and that there is a binary in /usr/bin called "gcc-4.7". Ootherwise you will only break your existing link.


Screensaver started and locked the "guest account" and asks for password.

Press "Switch User" and then log in from there.


Just press q if you want to close the player or Shift+q to close the player and have it remember the current position.


XRandr possible configurations Ubuntu MATE 16.04

The maximum resolution that xrandr shows is that of the maximum virtual screen size.

The closest information I can find to help you with your question is:

https://pkg-xorg.alioth.debian.org/howto/use-xrandr.html#_placing_outputs_in_a_virtual_screen

Snipet:

Let’s have a look at the maximal virtual screen size, we see 4096x4096 in this example:

$ xrandr|head -1
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1280 x 800, maximum 4096 x 4096

With DRI and without KMS, that might be needed. Indeed, drivers will often create a default virtual screen with small dimensions, for instance 1600x1200, to reduce memory consumption.

If you plan to use multiple outputs displaying different zones, you should configure your xorg.conf by adding a Virtual line to the Display subsection in the Screen section.

Section "Screen"
  …
  SubSection "Display"
    Depth 24
    Virtual 3000 2000
  EndSubSection
EndSection

Also see https://askubuntu.com/a/186616/231142

Hope this helps!


Bad performance with HD7870. What can I do to improve?

You can try installing the drivers from the PPA of oibaf which are more up to date

for that you need to open a terminal and use the following commands

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers

after the ppa was added you only need to update and upgrade your system if you use the opensource drivers

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

you will be prompted to confirm the upgrades and after a restart you should use the latest drivers of the ppa

to remove the ppa and drivers following commands would be used

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

and

sudo ppa-purge ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers

to remove the ppa

after that

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

to apply the changes

alternatively you can try leaner desktop's to get more performance like mate lxde or xfce


Will a release upgrade take care of postgresql upgrade automatically?

The upgrade process had a few more steps. First, the new postgresql brought a new (empty) postgresql cluster with it. This needs to be removed: sudo pg_dropcluster 10 main --stop (10 was my new postgresql version). Now the old cluster can be upgraded: pg_upgradecluster 9.5 main (9.5 was my old version). Afterwards old packages can be removed: sudo apt purge postgresql-contrib-9.5 postgresql-client-9.5 postgresql-9.5.

See also: https://www.runrails.com/servers/upgrade-postgresql/


upgrading to Ubuntu 13.10 from Ubuntu 13.04

You should upgrade to 14.04 because 13.10.support will end tomorrow(after 9 Months of support).


"Adding Esperanto circumflexes (supersigno)" option has no effect

Try running setxkbmap fr. It will set your keyboard layout to French and should in your case, have no effect. But for me, it somehow activates my settings in keyboard layout.

If that fixes your problem we're in the same boat with bug #941718.

I have not found a permanent solution yet.


Installing Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS on Samsung series 5

The bricking problem has been bypassed with recent kernels, which 12.04.4 should provide. (You might want to wait 3 days until 14.04 LTS is released, though; it will have more up-to-date EFI support generally.)


External USB enclosures often do one of two things with over-2TiB disks:

They convert from 512-byte sectors to 4096-byte sectors, thus enabling the disk (up to 16TiB) to be accessed via 32-bit pointers. This works fine so long as the disk is accessed only from the external enclosure. Disks must not be swapped back and forth between such enclosures and direct access via motherboards. Doing so is likely to result in the appearance of partition table damage and can cause filesystem damage.
They "roll over" access at 2TiB. This results in a disk that appears to be either 2TiB or the remainder of the true size divided by 2TiB -- normally about 700GiB for a 3TiB disk. (Note that TB != TiB; see here for details.) This behavior is a serious problem that effectively prevents use of large disks in enclosures that do this. Putting a disk that had been used internally into such an enclosure usually results in the appearance of a damaged partition table and can result in filesystem corruption if you attempt to use it.

I see no evidence of either of these problems in your gdisk output, but it's not clear if that output comes from the disk connected via the USB drive or in some other way. Also, it's conceivable that the "roll-over" problem might still be occurring, but the enclosure is reporting the disk's true size.

One more point: You say you did sudo fsck -y /dev/sde. That's performing the filesystem check on the whole disk. Most disks are partitioned, though, and the gdisk output indicates your disk is partitioned. Thus, you should have performed the fsck on /dev/sde1, not on /dev/sde. If you reported this accurately, it's conceivable you've actually damaged the filesystem by checking the whole disk rather than the partition. Ordinarily, I'd expect fsck to report an error when you do something like this, but maybe you got unlucky in this.

The bottom line is that you should stop using the disk in an external enclosure, at least unless and until you can verify that your enclosure is not doing any sort of "translation" or "rollover." Instead, access it by plugging it directly into a computer's motherboard. You may still have to repair problems, but at least you won't be creating new ones whenever you write to the disk.


Using your WiFi adapter to scan for other networks in several channels (this means, in channel hopping mode) prevents you from using your adapter to connect to regular networks.

You can't do both at the same time. You either scan for networks and monitor traffic, or you disable airmon-ng altogether and use your WiFi adapter normally.

This is the command I use to stop all networking services and starting airmon:

sudo service avahi-daemon stop ; sudo service network-manager stop ; sudo killall wpa_supplicant ; sudo airmon-ng start wlan0

This is the command I use to stop airmon and starting all networking services:

sudo airmon-ng stop wlan0mon; sudo service network-manager start; sudo service avahi-daemon start

(Note that "wlan0mon" is the new notation for interfaces in monitor mode, starting with version 1.2-RC1. For previous versions, use "mon0")


Ubuntu Server Experiencing Random and Frequent Connection Issues

I believe I have found the answer to this strange issue, or at least the problem.

The fault seems to have been in a terrible Technicolor all-in-one modem (Modem + Router) issued by Time Warner Cable. I recently requested it to be exchanged for another modem due to unrelated issues (frequent internet disconnects) and only then noticed that my server ran without issues.

Luckily they replaced the all-in-one with a somewhat decent modem and router separately, and now these issues (along with many others) have been solved.

If you have strange connection issues over your local network then the router may be the issue.

It has only been about a day or two since the new router, but I am almost entirely sure this was the issue, especially since before I would have to deal with connection issues constantly (and would have noticed them again by now).


Try gnome-alsamixer.
Gnome-alsamixer
Using Alt+F2 run dialog

  Code:  gnome-alsamixer

Use 'Edit -> Sound Card Properties' menu to enable elements.

Soundcard tab to select / adjust levels.
To install:

  Code: sudo apt-get install gnome-alsamixer


Is It Ok To Use Another Name For EFI Partition?

It is possible though not desirable to have multiple EFI partitions on one single system, but you'd have to manually maintain them as any other system will only have one EFI system partition except yours and mine (I have a back-up copy of my EFI partition on my secondary hard disk, but have removed some of the flags and changed the UID so that it does not come up as an EFI partition.)
So:
Yes, it's possible...
No, it's a bad idea!
(Sorry!)


Video output Ubuntu 18.04.03LTS and Ryzen 2200G

Partial answer, thanks to Sabina from Panasonic:

On this TV, enter "sources" HDMI, select "enhanced". Its a question of compatibility with HDMI2. With this option enabled, Raven Ridge works perfectly.

Waiting for an answer from Iiyama.


a few questions before updating to 13.04

Well now that you have a fresh install of 12.04, you need to upgrade to Ubuntu 12.10 then to Ubuntu 13.04. You can only skip releases if you are upgrading from an LTS release to another LTS.

Now that being said,  and you do want 13.04, I would recommend a fresh install of it, but before you install it, or even update, download 13.04, and try it without installing, to see if all your hardware is working OK.  At that point if all is OK, then go ahead with the fresh install.

Note:  Make sure that you backup any information that you need before choosing either way.


Current state of the keyboard extra settings menu

It's a shame you already put a bounty on your question because it looks like a duplicate. Check these out:

How to use Alt+Shift to switch keyboard layouts?
How to access the Keyboard Layout Options in 13.10+

Seems like this menu was still accessible in Ubuntu 12.04 but then scrapped and reimplemented as part of GNOME's ongoing effort to "simplify" things.

As pointed out in the answers I've linked to, there are several bug reports concerning the removal of these settings, this one being the most prominent.

Apparently some, but not all, of the missing settings have been moved to gnome-tweak-tool (typing section), so you might want to check that out to see if the options you're looking for are there.

gnome-tweak-tool is part of the official repositories and can be installed with:

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

Workaround using setxkbmap

Overview

With that said:

The keyboard options in Ubuntu and GNOME are nothing but a frontend to the X keyboard extension (XKB). If you are fine with configuring things manually you can easily reenable all of the now-missing options with a setxkbmap command line.

Anatomy of a setxkbmap command

You can supply setxkbmap with several options at once. A very simply command to set two keyboard layouts (Russian, English) and Alt+Shift as their toggle would look like this:

setxkbmap -option grp:alt_shift_toggle -layout ru,en

You can chain different options by separating them with a comma. What follows is a setxkbmap command that sets up the same keyboard layouts as above, adds Alt Gr as a level 3 modifier, and assigns the compose key to right Super/Win:

setxkbmap -option grp:alt_shift_toggle,compose:rwin,lv3:ralt_switch -layout ru,en

Available options

There are a multitude of options controlled by setxkbmap. All of these are documented in the XKB base settings list. This file should be available on your system under /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst.

If you look through it you should be able to find all of the options equivalent to the settings removed by GNOME.

The various XKB settings are also documented under man 7 xkeyboard-config.

Alternative to setxkbmap

If setxkbmap doesn't work for you, you can try setting the XKB options through dconf instead:

Install dconf-editor (sudo apt-get install dconf-editor)
Open dconf editor from your dash and navigate to org → gnome → desktop → input-sources
Add your XKB settings to xkb-options in form of an array. E.g.: ['grp:alt_shift_toggle','compose:rwin','lv3:ralt_switch']

Source: Make setxkbmap preferences being set at startup


How to install Realtek RTL8723BE wifi PCIe Wireless Network Adapter

You can get the drivers from GitHub.

Get a temporary internet connection, then open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential git
git clone https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git
cd rtlwifi_new
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rtl8723be

Your wifi should now be working.


Help needed in using Lexmark Pro705 with Ubuntu 13.10

I solved the same problem some months ago:

installed lexmark-inkjet-legacy-1.0-1.amd64.deb from your lexmark support link
fixed some file permissions to

$ ls -la /usr/local/lexmark/v3/bin/
total 1004
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root   4096 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root   4096 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 755469 lxhcp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 110411 lxusb
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 146921 printfilter
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 .scripts

This is tested for Ubuntu 13.10 and 14.04


Try this:

sudo apt-get install python-tk

or, since your question is tagged as python3, this:

sudo apt-get install python3-tk


When you open your system connect that to internet and open 'Additional Drivers' application.....It shows the available drivers for system hardware ........ Install from there and restart your system.......


Make sure you have either  openjdk-6-jre* (recommended) or if that doesn't work,
sun-java6-bin installed.

*editor's note - replace 6 with 7, 8 or 9 etc as appropriate to your Ubuntu version
Once that is installed, right-click on RemoteDroidServer.jar and select Properties. In the Permissions tab, check Allow executing file as a program.

In the Open With tab, select OpenJDK Java 6 Runtime. If that doesn't run your program,
try Sun Java 6 Runtime.

Now double-clicking on RemoteDroidServer.jar should work as expected.


Should I upgrade to the "mainline" kernels?

Upgrading to a mainline kernel is usually not a good idea

Most of the basic information in this answer is from the Mainline Builds wiki

1. They are provided only for testing and are unsupported

The mainline kernels are built from the latest unmodified "mainline" Linux kernel sources.
The Ubuntu kernel team provides these only for testing and debugging purposes, to see whether issues have been fixed "upstream", i.e. by the Linux kernel developers.
They are therefore not supported and must be used at your own risk; you can report possible bugs to kernel.org via kernel-oops, or if you want a faster solution, try posting to the Linux Kernel Mailing List

2. They will often break drivers, especially Nvidia/AMD and wireless (Broadcom)

The mainline kernels do not include any Ubuntu-provided drivers or patches
This means no binary drivers for graphics, wireless, etc. are provided
If you try installing binary drivers downloaded directly from the manufacturers, there is a very good chance they will not work because the mainline headers may be incompatible.

This will be especially true for non-LTS versions after 12.04 (12.10, 13.04, ...), because the mainline kernels are built using the last LTS toolchain (compilers, etc.), which is generally older than the toolchain on the latest non-LTS release.

3. You should only install these if you believe they may fix a critical problem you are having with the current kernel

Newer kernels sometimes contain fixes for a hardware or filesystem problem you may have. For example, the internal HD4000 graphics on the latest Intel Ivy Bridge CPUs occasionally froze, a bug which was fixed in kernels 3.3.6 and newer.
You can try installing a mainline kernel in these circumstances, and see if it helps your problem.
If it does, you should consider upgrading to the latest Ubuntu+1 kernel instead, which does have binary drivers available for it.

4. If you install a mainline or other newer kernel, you can still choose to use your old (stable) kernel by selecting it at boot-time:

Keep Shift pressed after turning on your computer.

You will see the Grub menu as shown below. User the down arrow to go to "Previous Linux Versions" and press Enter

Select the option which has a version of x.x.x-generic, NOT one that has x.x.x-yyyyyy-generic and press Enter. This is usually the first option unless you have installed multiple mainline/custom kernels.


specify username and password for VPN connection

Alright, after try and error I don't find a direct solution, but there is a workaround to use expect to achieve this.

Basically I write an expect script to send the Username and Password to the nmcli. Specifically that is

sudo apt-get install expect, this will install the expect package
create a file, call it connectvpn.sh

#!/usr/bin/expect -f

spawn nmcli -a con up id <VPN ID>
expect "Username:"
send "<username>\r"
expect "Password:"
send "<password>\r"
expect "$ "

chmod a+x connectvpn.sh
now run it and it will work

Of course disadvantage is the username ans password will be saved in plain text in the script, but this is the best solution I can find.


Can I use quicky to create enterprise applications?

Yes
You can use quickly for enterprise applications. Quickly is just a tool which connects editor, visual designer, packaging and sharing. Currently quickly supports python as the programming language, glade as the interface designer and GTK+ as the toolkit.
Choosing it for Enterprise applications is your choice, but I personally recommend QT C++ for enterprise apps.


Can't boot to Windows anymore after removing Grub on a Netbook

Don't worry I have a nice solution.
you will need Windows Installation Disk or Windows Repair disk.

To Create Windows 7 Repair disk , Get any PC or laptop having Windows 7. On start search menu type "CREATE System REPAIR DISK", select option comes

You will be ask for a Blank DVD, Insert Disk and Burn It, Make a  .ISO file with using software named "POWER ISO" In windows 7.

with using Power ISO you will be able to Make bootable pendrive of windows 7 disk by going in TOOLS > Create Bootable USB Or PENDRIVE.

Provide it path of .iso file earlier you created. Now you will be able to run your Pendrive as a repair Disk.

To remove GRUB:

Grab a Windows recovery media or installation CD and boot from it. You should see this on a recovery media.

You should see this on an installation media. Click "Repair your computer" and you

Open the Command Prompt, then type

bootrec /fixmbr

into the Command Prompt.

reboot your system now you will be able to load  your windows 7.


How to switch between windows within same group?

Alt+Tab navigates through the windows - you knew this.

Alt+` (backtick) navigates through grouped windows.

Alt+Esc is working to tab through everything


Nvidia and Ubuntu 17.04, dkms module problem

Solved, more here

wget goo.gl/3c7WU5 -o downloader

sudo chmod +x 3c7WU5

sudo ./3c7WU5

it will download the driver 375.39 and patch it, it will fail the execution because the last line is wrong but who cares, modify the script or launch the patched driver the normal way:
sudo ./NVIDIA...

Damned Nvidia.. lost one hour for this

Edit: after a couple of days of issues (waking up from standby, screen corrupted and random crashes), I returned to the nvidia-375 driver available through repo..


Kernel 4.4.0-109-generic fails to boot but 4.4.0-104-generic works fine

Kernel 4.4.0-109-generic is bugged!

The solution is don't use 4.4.0-109-generic. I upgraded to 4.13.0-26-generic and it worked fine. Upgrading to 4.4.0-110-generic may also work as WinEunuuchs2Unix suggested.


How can I run Ubuntu without a hard drive?

Following is a step by step guide for a full install of 11.04 or 11.10 to a USB device.
Partition sizes given are for 8GB drive, adjust size to suit

For external HDD consider first formatting drive to NTFS:
Turn off and unplug the computer. (See note at bottom)
Remove the side from the case.
Unplug the power cable from the hard drive.
Plug the computer back in.
Insert the USB drive.
Insert the Live CD or Live USB.
Start the computer, the CD / flash drive should boot, (you need to adjust BIOS to boot USB).
Select language and "Install Ubuntu"
Select Download updates while installing and Select Install this third-party software.
(Notice that at least 4.4 GB drive space is required for 11.10, 4GB bootable flash drive users must choose another distro for a full install).
Forward or Continue
If prompted, unmount partitions.
Select "Something else"
Forward or Continue
Confirm "Device for boot loader installation:" is correct, (If you left your internal HDD plugged in make sure the USB drive root is selected - sdb not sdb1).

(Optional Windows data partition)

Select "New Partition Table" click Continue on the drop down.
Click "Free space" and "Add".
Select "Primary".
Make "New partition size..." about 1000
"Location = Beginning".
"Use as: = FAT32 file system"
And "Mount point = windows".
Select "OK"
Click "free space" and then "Add".
Select "Primary", "New partition size ..." = 3 to 4 GB, Beginning, Ext4, and Mount point = "/" then OK.

(Optional home partition)

Click "free space" and then "Add".
Select "Primary", "New partition size ..." = 1 to 2 GB, Beginning, Ext2, and Mount point = "/home" then OK.

(Optional swap partition)

Click "free space" and then "Add".
Select "Primary", "New partition size ..." = remaining space, (1 to 2 GB), Beginning and "Use as" = "swap area" then OK.

(Important)

Confirm "Device for boot loader installation" points to the USB drive. Default should be ok if HDD was unplugged.
Click "Install Now".
Select your location.
Forward.
Select Keyboard layout.
Forward.
Insert your name, username, password, computer name and select if you want to log in automatically or require a password.
Selecting "Encrypt my home folder" is a good option if you are worried about loosing your USB drive.
Select forward.
Wait until install is complete.
Turn off computer and enable the HDD.
Stick the side panel back on.

Note:
You may omit disabling the hard drive. But be sure, if after partitioning you choose to install grub to the root of the usb drive you are installing Ubuntu to (i.e; sdb not sdb1). Be cautious! Many people have overwritten the HDD MBR.


Wifi Dies and doesnt Reconnect after Suspend Option (Ubuntu 14.04)

Gedit gives me similar errors as well. I don't know why, but the program still works well for me, and it has worked for you as well.

But I understand if the errors concern you; you can try using the nano text editor instead of gedit. It is command line-based. Just replace gedit with nano when you are entering a command. To save, use Ctrl+O, and to exit, Ctrl+X. If you made changes to a file without saving, using Ctrl+X will give a prompt at which you can decide to save your changes, go back, or discard your changes.

Also, be sure to make your discussion title more relevant to the issue you're experiencing so as to not mislead anyone willing to provide you with solutions, out of respect to the forum, its users, and its visitors. Further, a more specific title will more likely attract those who have experienced your issue to help you or even those who have not experienced it but know that they can help.


Where does LibreOffice store toolbar icons?

The icons are stored in compressed files in the folder /usr/share/libreoffice/share/config

EG

2256 -rw-r--r-- 1 2308309 Aug  4 15:01 images_galaxy.zip
 488 -rw-r--r-- 1  496912 Aug  4 15:01 images_sifr.zip
7268 -rw-r--r-- 1 7440250 Aug  4 15:01 images_tango.zip

The icons you can see depends on your selected icon theme.

The package name of such a theme or style is

libreoffice-style-...

List the installable or installed styles in your system via

$ dpkg -l libreoffice-style* | awk '/libreoffice-style-/ {print $2}'
libreoffice-style-andromeda
libreoffice-style-breeze
libreoffice-style-crystal
libreoffice-style-default
libreoffice-style-galaxy
libreoffice-style-hicontrast
libreoffice-style-human
libreoffice-style-oxygen
libreoffice-style-sifr
libreoffice-style-tango


You need the proper repo. Run the following commands to resolve the error:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pipelight/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends pipelight-multi

If you get the same error, run the following command to see what the issue is:

sudo apt-get install wine-staging

This should provide more precise info regarding what needs to be installed or what dependencies are not available. Please post this info to receive further assistance.


92% of syslog is filled with message regarding 'ureadahead' ignoring relative path

ureadahead does one of two things when it starts:  if /var/lib/ureadahead/pack exists and isn't more than a year old, it prereads the files recorded in the pack.  However, if the pack doesn't exist or is old, ureadahead runs in "trace" mode, monitoring what files are opened and recording them in the pack file to be used in future boots.

It is trace mode that puts out these messages. So, if you boot again within a year, no messages. This is why people are seeing the problem seemingly "solve itself", but they will come back in a year, and can be made to reappear by removing /var/lib/ureadahead/pack;

There's a package trigger to do this when things change in /etc/init.d, so the re-read is often done after an update.  ureadahead seems to have always worked this way, but the warnings are just written to stderr, and prior to systemd and journald, the messages never went anywhere.  Probably ureadahead should be changed to only put out these messages in --verbose mode, but in the meantime I worked around the file by running ureadahead in --quiet mode.  I was able to do this with a systemd drop-in file: create a file named /etc/systemd/system/ureadahead.service.d/quiet.conf containing

[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/sbin/ureadahead -q


Using GParted(attached screenshot), how do I move the unallocated to the right side of my main ubuntu partition so I can extend it

Resort to this method if no other is available

Not that kind of similar situation, but check if this works out..i'm not that sure but anyway:

1) Go to windows, install AOMEI partition assistant(idk about
   versions). Run it.

2) In that, select the unallocated space, right click-merge.
   A dialog box appears to which partition you must merge this
   unallocated space. Select the last partition, i.e the one
   which you want to expand.

(Now here's the thing... I've done this to extend my last windows ntfs partition with unallocated spaces made from multiple windows partitions lying before it. In your case, if AOMEI detects your linux partitions, then you might be able to excecute this operation successfully. If everything goes well, then another dialog box appears asking how to do the operation. Here, the first option,(default) through win PE environment has to be selected. Then proceed. Upon next win startup, the operation commences.)

please don't held me accountable for, if anything goes wrong. This is a tight operation, especially since it is not a windows partition and risks are there. Backup any imp data

plz, if anybody else knows about the software, correct me if i'm wrong...........


Why aren't commits to this Git repository showing up in a branch on Launchpad?

This looks like a bug in the Git importer on Launchpad (which is basically bzr-git, http://launchpad.net/bzr-git). I've seen this issue before when fetching branches over HTTP.

It might be worth filing a bug in launchpad about this (https://bugs.launchpad.net/launchpad/+filebug) if there isn't one already.


I know this is an old thread, but this is the only one I could find.
I had the same issue using raspberry pi with a usb to rj45 console cable to connecto to a Cisco device.
I solved it by adding the pi user to the tty group.
command:
sudo usermod -a -G tty pi

replace pi with your username if it's different.


How should I remove or empty these files or folders?

I think I may have just answered all my questions.

In my edited post, I mentioned in Update #1 that I was able to remove non-empty folders.

Now, in this post (or rather my own answer to my earlier post), I was able to empty the contents of the 2 files, viz.  definfo.dat and usage.dat:

sharon@sharon:~$ cd /opt/Symantec/virusdefs
sharon@sharon:/opt/Symantec/virusdefs$ sudo gedit definfo.dat
[sudo] password for sharon:
sharon@sharon:/opt/Symantec/virusdefs$ sudo gedit usage.dat

All I need now is for some expert on Linux and Ubuntu to confirm that my actions are orthodox and correct so that I will commit them to memory. To summarize:

To remove non-empty folders, one has to issue the command:

sudo rmdir -rfv <foldername>
To empty the contents of a file such as *.dat, issue the following command:

sudo gedit usage.dat

gedit window pops up with the contents. I used the "backspace" key to delete the contents and clicked the "Save" icon on the gedit menu bar at the top to save and close the file.


Reduce systemd-timesyncd's ntp sync period?

The source code for timesyncd shows automatic adjustment of the poll interval, so there is no way to influence its behavior. It was designed to figure out how often to poll NTP servers based on your computer's clock drift.

When timesyncd adjusts your clock, it will do this very gradually because time jumping by minutes or hours confuses most applications. On computers without a battery-backed real time clock (eg. Beaglebone), the date is Jan 1st 1970 immediately after boot. Those computers need something like ntpdate to force a time sync at boot, after which timesyncd can keep the time on track with gradual adjustments.


Workspace stays fixed on external monitor when switching workspace

This behaviour is by design. The GNOME designers decided this was the best thing to do, not taking their actual users into account.

Luckily the behaviour can be reverted. You can use Gnome Tweaks or execute the following in the terminal, re-login and you're all set:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.overrides workspaces-only-on-primary false

or using this on older systems:

gconftool-2 --set /desktop/gnome/shell/windows/workspaces_only_on_primary false --type bool

You probably want to have panels and workspace preview on all monitors too: How to have both monitors in the workspace preview for Gnome Shell?


Can I play the game Don't Starve on Ubuntu?

Yes, but you will need Ubuntu 12.10.

Download Steam from Ubuntu Software Center
Start it up, you will be asked to log in with your Steam account. If you don't have one you can choose the create account option.
Go to the Store tab
Enter Don't Starve in the search bar in the top-right and click Don't Starve
Scroll a bit down and click the green button to buy the game
Pay with credit card or PayPal. It costs €14
The game will be downloaded and installed
Play :-D


Where is catalina_base and catalina_home located for tomcat6?

Both are stored and can be set in /etc/default/tomcat6. By default, CATALINA_HOME is /usr/share/tomcat6, and CATALINA_BASE is /var/lib/tomcat6.


How do I start xterm with a headless system?

In your Xorg.conf try using the dummy driver instead of vesa. After running startx you should then execute export DISPLAY=:0 (:0 for the first X display), then you can run xterm, which you will not see of course.

I assume you want to connect via vnc, or something similar afterwards.


How can I share images on Facebook via default image viewer

I have found two methods.

Method 1: sharing from Ubuntu One : OmgUbuntu

Method 2: By using Starry Hope Uploader

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jimjimovich/starry-hope-uploader
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install starry-hope-uploader

Update: Method 3 is here.

you can also upload the images to facebook from shotwell image viewer in your Ubuntu.
to enable that feature open system settings > online accounts

There add your facebook account and then at account option enable shotwell to upload your images to facebook


How do you upgrade Skype to the latest version?

You might be in the same situation as me. I had skypeforlinux installed from https://repo.skype.com, but in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/skypeforlinx.list it said:

# deb https://repo.skype.com/deb stable main # disabled on upgrade to bionic

and in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/skype-stable.list it said:

# deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.skype.com/deb stable main # disabled on upgrade to bionic

So it looks like the repo has been disabled during the latest distribution upgrade. I probably haven't been getting updates since then. I may or may not have been shown a notification at the time, and clicked straight past it. Following the instructions in the thread linked by @karel worked for me. (Purge the existing installation, download the deb file, install with dpkg.) The comment hash has been removed from skype-stable.list and I now have version 8.58.0.93.

This has triggered me to have a closer look at my apt sources, and it turns out there's a few things in there that need cleaning out.


Where would I find the debs for the repos on a livecd?

All the package files are located in the pool directory:

$ sudo mount ~/Downloads/OS/ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso /mnt
$ cd /mnt
$ ls
autorun.inf  boot  casper  dists  EFI  install  isolinux  md5sum.txt  pics  pool  preseed  README.diskdefines  ubuntu  wubi.exe
$ ls pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.141+bdcom-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb
1.1M pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.141+bdcom-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb

The layout of pool is like the layout of pool in online repositories.

The md5sum.txt contains the hashes of all the packages, so you can grep it to quickly find out where a package is:

$ grep bcmwl md5sum.txt
3a9fca958bc1e3e78acfae7d040b95da  ./pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.141+bdcom-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb

The file listing on the image server (ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.list) also contains the path to all files included.


Ubuntu 12.10 internal error: evolution-calendar-factory

First remove evolution:

sudo apt-get remove evolution

If that won't remove it, then go to the ubuntu software center, and remove it. After it is removed, if you want to reinstall evolution. Then by using bash:

sudo apt-get install evolution

Or reinstall by using the software center.


How can I delete Ubuntu temp files which are created during software installation or upgrade?

I would try to clean the repository of downloaded packages.  Either of these commands (see man apt-get).

apt-get autoclean
apt-get clean

If you don't have /tmp on tmpfs, you may want to delete all the files and directories under /tmp.  A tool like tmpreaper can be used to keep it clean.  You can also set edit /etc/defaults/rcS and uncomment the TMPTIME=0 line to have /tmp cleaned on reboot.

If you can't boot fully, you can try booting into recovery mode.  If you can boot that far, you will need to mount the disk in read-write mode before cleaning it up.  Running the command mount -a should mount all the file systems so you can do cleanup.  Once you are done reboot.


Using the terminal application. Copy and paste the following commands.

Add the Spotify repository signing key to be able to verify downloaded packages

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys BBEBDCB318AD50EC6865090613B00F1FD2C19886

Add the Spotify repository

echo deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list

Update list of available packages

sudo apt-get update

Install Spotify

sudo apt-get install spotify-client

Source: information taken from https://www.spotify.com/us/download/linux/


Unity can play funny with bumblebee. Have a look at the 3.1 version, and the options for primus under different window managers: https://github.com/amonakov/primus/blob/master/README.md


xscreensaver on 18.10 MATE - not starting

At first you should remove other screensavers (MATE Screen Saver in your case) from system to prevent interference:

sudo apt purge mate-screensaver mate-screensaver-common

Then enable XScreenSaver autostart via systemd user's service:

systemctl --user enable xscreensaver.service
systemctl --user start xscreensaver.service

   Note: for debugging you can use systemctl --user status xscreensaver.service.

Then wait for timeout and screensaver activation.


Concatenate two files and separate them with a newline

If, as steeldriver suggests, your files don't end with a newline, you could try:

awk '{print}' k.txt h.txt > newfile

or, if you like golfing

awk 1 k.txt h.txt > newfile

or

perl -lne 'print' k.txt h.txt

or

( cat k.txt ; echo ""; cat h.txt; echo ) > newfile

or

echo "$(cat k.txt)"; echo "$(cat h.txt)"


mongod fails to start with error: mongod: symbol lookup error: mongod: undefined symbol: _ZN7pcrecpp2RE4InitEPKcPKNS_10RE_OptionsE

We had the same issue, and we're not sure what caused it.

We tried to reinstall via apt-get, after purging and such, to no avail.

We downloaded the 64-bit precompiled version from the MongoDB website and tried running mongod from that package, and it started up fine. You'll probably want to stick with the 2.0.4 version - we used this file.

We moved the files in bin/ to /usr/bin, and mongod was starting correctly again.

This isn't a nice fix, but it does work.


What advanced image editor should I choose in Ubuntu for web developer work?

GUI Workaround:

Gimp (GNU Image manipulating program) is equivalent to Photoshop in Gnu/Linux distributions.

Open your image in Gimp then from "File" menu select "Export as", choose "JPEG" as export format and click on Export

It will results this window:

Adjust your desired values and save the result.

You'll get similar settings for other formats if any is available, for example png:

In this way you can work around your images similar to Photoshop.

CLI

You can also achieve this goal using command line using "imagemagick" package.

convert -quality 50% input.png output.png


How to block spoofed local domain email sender addresses on a postfix 3.1.0 smtp relay server

I figured this out and implemented this solution:
In '/etc/postfix' I created a file 'domain_blacklist'
and added the following text to it:
    'mylocal-domain.com 550 service unavailable'

in 'main.cf' under 'smtpd_recipient_restrictions' added 'check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/domain_blacklist' just before 'reject_unknown_recipient_domain'

run 'postmap domain_blacklist'
and reloaded postfix - works just fine now


you can either create a new browser user profile

Enter the following directory in the text field:

~/.config/google-chrome/

Locate the folder called "Default" in the directory window that opens
and rename it as "Backup default."
Try opening Google Chrome again. A new "Default" folder is
automatically created as you start using the browser.

Or create a new user

Sign in to Chrome.
In the upper right corner of the browser window, click the button for
the current user. It may show that person's name, email, or an icon
like this Sign in.
Click Switch Person.
At the bottom of the window, click Add Person. If the new person
signs in to Chrome with a Google Account, he or she will see synced
bookmarks, apps, extensions, and other browsing data on the computer
and will be able to sync any future changes.

source https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/2364824?hl=en


Installing "eXo platform" social collaboration

The easiest way for trying eXo platform is 30 days trial eXo Platform Ubuntu VM (Registration needed). eXo provides a fully working image.

There is official installation instruction:
https://www.exoplatform.com/docs/public/index.jsp?topic=%2FPLF43%2FPLFAdminGuide.InstallationAndStartup.html


Windows 10 remote desktop to Ubuntu 16.04 Unity

I think that you can use "Desktop share" to remotely connect it from win10 client. you only need to do the following steps:

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools
Check org > gnome > desktop > remote-access > enabled
uncheck org > gnome > desktop > remote-access > require-encryption
Use ”Desktop sharing” set the password for vnc, and uncheck “You must confirm each access to this machine”.
Check the port: netstat –an|grep 5900

I hope that it is helpful for you.


Add image files in Ubuntu QML app with C++ plugins (qrc)

This is what worked for me.
My resources.qrc is in {PROJECT_DIR}/resources:

<RCC>
    <qresource prefix="/180">
        <file alias="five">180/five_180.png</file>
        ...
    </qresource>
</RCC>

In my backend/CMakeLists.txt I have:

qt5_add_resources(RESOURCE_ADDED ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/resources/resources.qrc)
...
add_library(Projectnamebackend MODULE
    ${RESOURCE_ADDED}
)
...
add_custom_target(Projectnamebackend-qmldir ALL
    COMMAND cp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/modules/Projectname/qmldir ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Projectname
    DEPENDS ${QMLFILES} ${RESOURCE_ADDED}
)

I can then use the images in a .cpp-file like this:

m_image = QImage(":/180/one");

The project has the default example-app structure, given by the IDE.
I hope this helps.


Well, it seems like my main issue was that there was some collision between addresses I didn't look into. The acpi_check_address_range() from osl.c found a collision. This made the call of acpi_check_resource_conflict() from i2c-i801 probe fail. I commented it and compiled and it worked. To register my driver I also had to send it's address explicitly by:
sudo su
echo   > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-0/new_device  (i2c0 is i801)

I think another way to solve it is to undef ENFORCE_RESOURCES_STRICT which the acpi_check_resource_conflict() in osl.c checks before deciding to fail.

P.S

Now I see device 44h when I run i2cdetect.


Cannot find "Run Ubuntu alongside with windows" option when installing

How many partitions do you have. If you happen to have 4 primary partitions, then Ubuntu will say to replace your existing Windows since there are no more primary partition slots left (The maximum is 4 primary partitions).

Check to see if this is the case and decide which partition you wish to remove or change to a logical partition.

The explanation (With images) can be found in Is it possible to have Windows 8 and Ubuntu on the same hard drive?

The answer should give you an idea of how to remove one of the primary ones and create a logical one which can be extended to several partitions.


Black screen on startup without upstart (Ubuntu 15.10)

To solve the issue the correct version of libqt5x11extras5 needs to be installed.

sudo apt-get install libqt5x11extras5=5.4.2-2build1

5.4.2-2build1 is the correct version for Wily according to packages.ubuntu.com. Previously I had version 5.5.1-1 that caused segfaults.

The broken package is from Kubuntu-ppa Backports:
http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/package/kubuntu-ppa_backports/wily/main/base/libqt5x11extras5