Can I install Ubuntu 64-bit on Lenovo ThinkCentre M710t?

About your question, you can search for Hardware Compatibility in the Ubuntu Desktop certified hardware website.

For your specific brand Lenovo and model ThinkCentre M710, the official website recommends Ubuntu 16.04 64 bit version, here are more details of the search that I made for you:

Ubuntu on Lenovo ThinkCentre M710 with NVIDIA
Ubuntu on Lenovo ThinkCentre M710

Checking the hardware compatibility on this website before installing, gives you a very good advantage of wich features will be working or not without having surprises after the installation.

Hope this helps.


Creating an install drive - can not open output file autorun.inf

Run the PenDriveLinux USB Installer tool as adminstrator.

In Windows right-click on Universal USB Installer and select "Run as administrator".


How do I install nginx when a dependant package is broken?

There are multiple nginx packages available. The default, nginx-core, depends on some font-related packages which bring in libfreetype6. The smallest one,nginx-light doesn't depend on libfreetype6:

$ apt-rdepends nginx-light | grep freetype
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
$

So, for a quick fix, install nginx-light.


AMD's specs indicate that CPU is six cores and six threads, but you're seeing three cores with two threads each.

Combine that with what appears to be a dual-socket board and your total "CPU count" (4th line), and it does appear to be detecting them all, it's just not displaying the totals the way you expect.


Changing opacity of inactive windows in KDE

You can do this via a generic Window Rule that covers all windows.

System Settings > Workspace Appearance and Behaviour > Window Behaviour > Window Rules > New…

You probably want to limit Window matching rules, so that (e.g.) the panel will not have its opacity changed. I'm not really sure which you want. Perhaps chose "Normal Window" to start with, and possibly "Dialogue Window" if you like.

Change tabs to "Appearance & Fixes", then check Active opacity > Force; 100%. Also check Inactive opacity > Force; 30%. Click OK then Apply.


How to ensure security upgrades run regularly on intermittent internet connection?

If connecting to internet with network-manager, the current default on Ubuntu, then create a dispatcher script to launch unattended-upgrade (unattended-upgrades is a symlink, also works) after connecting to the network:

sudo touch /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/20-myconnectionscript
sudo chmod +x /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/20-myconnectionscript

In 20-myconnectionscript:

#!/bin/sh

if [ "$2" = "up" ];
  # only proceed if unattended-upgrades was last run more than a day ago
  ELAPSEDSINCEUU=$(($(date +%s) - $(date +%s -r /var/lib/apt/periodic/unattended-upgrades-stamp)))
  if [ $ELAPSEDSINCEUU -gt 86400 ]; then
    apt update --yes # replace, see below
    /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade # replace, see below
  fi
fi

Edit. Turns out unattended-upgrades does not trigger an update of the package lists. So if unattended-upgrades has been failing then there is a good chance that apt update has been failing too, in which case the upgrades will continue not to happen! So added manual update to script. Disappointing that ensuring security upgrades has to be so complicated.

Edit 2. This is what you need in your non-interactive script if you want to be absolutely sure your laptop is up to date. Can confirm it works reliably. Replace the 2 lines above with it.

DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get --yes update
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get --yes --allow-downgrades --allow-remove-essential --allow-change-held-packages -- option Dpkg::Options::=--force-confold --option Dpkg::Options::=--force-confdef dist-upgrade

It is the full dist-upgrade, not just a security upgrade. If anyone has a suggestion for security-only version, which will always work when run non-interactively and does not involve too much futzing with repo configuration, please suggest it.

Once again: unattended-upgrades cannot be expected to work for an intermittently connected computer. The Ubuntu security team really need to address this situation.


How to connect mtp android device to ubuntu 13.10

I had the same issue, and the following worked

sudo apt-get install mtp-tools mtpfs


How do I remove this root folder link on my desktop?

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.desktop home-icon-visible false

Will remove the home icon from your desktop.

To re-enable it use

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.desktop home-icon-visible true


Dual boot MacBook with Ubuntu 13.04, 32-bit

You dual boot Ubuntu by using boot camp. Here is a video on how to use boot camp on your mac. link


How to get factor of integer number using command-line?

There is factor command available as follows:

NAME
       factor - factor numbers

SYNOPSIS
       factor [NUMBER]...

DESCRIPTION
       Print  the  prime  factors  of  each specified integer NUMBER.  If none are specified on the command line, read them from
       standard input.

Example:

$ factor 786
786: 2 3 131

$ factor 1234567890
1234567890: 2 3 3 5 3607 3803

Visit : man factor.


unmet dependencies while installing cinnamon

First remove the ppa:merlwiz79/cinnamon-ppa from the list . You can do that by going

Software and Updates -> Other software.

Now add this new ppa by typing :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-nightly

Now you can install it using

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install cinnamon


Ubuntu doesnt detect one partition on dual boot with windows 7

You should install ntfs-3g, Install it using this command in Terminal

sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g


Install agp driver on my Fujitsu v6555 laptop using Ubuntu 11.10

In Ubuntu the Nvidia card drivers are installed via the system.
In a terminal, type:

sudo jocket-gtk

enter your password and follow the instructions


Screenlets not working in Ubuntu 16.04 ( Just Need analogue clock widget)

You can build and install it manually on 16.04 although some widgets are broken.  You will need Python 2.7 for this.

Download the source bundles:

Screenlets Core
Screenlets Widget Pack

Using apt, install python-beautifulsoup, python-wnck, python-vte, python-tz

Run make install in the two extracted paths.
Run screenlets

Or you can run through the following commands:

sudo apt install python-beautifulsoup python-wnck python-vte python-tz
cd /tmp
wget -O - https://launchpad.net/screenlets/trunk/0.1.6/+download/screenlets-0.1.6.tar.bz2 | bunzip2 -c - | tar xf -
wget -O - https://launchpad.net/indiv-screenlets/trunk/0.1.6/+download/indiv-screenlets-0.1.6.tar.bz2 | bunzip2 -c - | tar xf -
cd screenlets-0.1.6
sudo make install
cd ../indiv-screenlets-0.1.6
sudo make install
screenlets &

NOTE: You might run into a Python packages permissions problem, I fixed it by running the following command:

sudo chmod -R go+rX /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/


This seems to be the result of the Paper theme.  Removing the theme restores the animations to the Unity dock.


Multiple pulseaudio multicast "channels"

It may be possible to send more than one concurrent RTP stream via your local network by assigning a different Multicast IP to each of them with:

# stream 1
pactl load-module module-null-sink sink_name=rtp1 format=s16be channels=1 rate=44100 sink_properties="device.description='rtp1'"
pactl load-module module module-rtp-send source=rtp1.monitor loop=0 destination=224.0.0.56
# stream 2
pactl load-module module-null-sink sink_name=rtp2 format=s16be channels=1 rate=44100 sink_properties="device.description='rtp2'"
pactl load-module module module-rtp-send source=rtp2.monitor loop=0 destination=224.0.0.57

and then listen on the receiver to the corresponding IP with

pactl load-module module-rtp-recv sap_address=224.0.0.56 # resp. 224.0.0.57

However I was unable to test if this really works how I think it should.

In addition, this method has several disadvantages:

for each RTP sending stream we need to define it's own (exclusive) sink.
sending multiple uncompressed audio streams via our network will inevitably lead to congestion, as these streams will take a lot of bandwith.
we need a script solution to be able to select a "channel" from the streams on the receiver side.
generating multiple simultaneous RTP streams will need quite some CPU power on the server, so this is possibly risky.

A much better alternative that I would like to suggest here is to set up an Icecast Server on your Ubuntu server. It is no so hard to do:

How do I setup an Icecast server for broadcasting audio in my network?

With this solution you will be able to

stream compressed audio data (e.g. ogg or mp3) in your network
send multiple audio channels (i.e. "radio stations") simultaneously
switch easily between these streams from the receiver (which could then also be an Internet Radio receiver, or a smartphone) just from the name of the stream
Ices2 resp. Ices help you to stream playlists, Darkice to stream data of your sound card.


What do I do when extensive SWAP access makes system dead

You're experiencing thrashing due to exhaustion of physical memory, so the system is constantly swapping memory pages in and out of disk.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrashing_%28computer_science%29

Three possible solutions:

Buy more RAM
Try a different browser to see if it has a lower memory usage until you can get more RAM.
Don't open so many facebook tabs until you buy more RAM.

As to how to do a proper shutdown, you can try the REISUB sequence (http://kember.net/articles/reisub-the-gentle-linux-restart/). Failing that, you'll probably just have to risk power-cycling the system.


How to fix inxi: "Error: weather info downloaded but no data detected."?

The developer of inxi has indicated that the source for weather data used by the version of inxi in the Bionic Beaver repositories is no longer available.

  The data source in legacy inxi (legacy in this case is inxi version 3.0.31 or older) is gone, that is why 3.0.32 was hurried out the door. There is nothing you can do to get -w data in inxi except upgrade to current inxi.

  Note that new inxi also has the --weather-source option, takes values 1-6, but 1 is the one that went offline this month.

  All of them are quite different, internally I pick a default source to use based on which seems most consistent, or you can force it.

Regularly updated versions of inxi are available via Unit 193's ppa or from the developer's GitHub page.


First of all: Do not use the old hdd as a backup medium.
Reasoning

Mainboard fried -> HDD possibly not 100% OK (depends on the reason the mainboard gave up)
HDD already has some hours on the counter and is likely to fail sooner than later
1TB of data will not even fit once on a 80GiB HDD, let alone multiple generations of backups or incrementals

Other (important) information
In a case where backup is this important, meaning that your income depends on it, you need to do at least 2 things:

Get some off-machine backup. Backing up to a HDD in the same computer is not a good idea. If lightning strikes then both disks are likely to take damage and you would be unable to recover. Backup to a dedicated backup PC that is only active when the backup actually runs. Protect both machines with a surge protector or UPS.
Get some off-site backup. Backing up to a medium that's kept in your house is a bad idea. In case of a fire, your backup will burn together with the main data. You would be unable to recover. Google "offsite backup" to find solutions.
Setup a backup solution in a way that it runs fully automated. Manual backup runs tend to not be made ("I'll do it tomorrow syndrome").

Sidenotes

To find a backup solution that suits your needs, you also need to consider the time it takes to recover to a fully working system after a crash. If you need very fast restore, solutions that create images are likely to be better suited for you, but they have the downside that image backups are very large and space-inefficient.


Ubuntu resolution isuue, Graphics in setting is llvmpipe(LLVM 9.0,256bit)

https://medium.com/@peterpang_84917/personal-experience-of-installing-ubuntu-18-04-lts-on-xps-15-9570-3e53b6cfeefe

this link provides the solution for the llvm pipe issue.

1.Open the terminal.

2.Type sudo gedit /etc/default/grub .

GRUB_DEFAULT=0

GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden

GRUB_TIMEOUT=10

GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="nomodset"

3.modify the last 2 commands to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nouveau.modeset=0"

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

and save.

4.sudo update-grub & rebooot.

refer link if any doubts

this solved the llvm pipe issue.
now  the system graphics is:Intel® UHD Graphics 630 (Coffeelake 3x8 GT2)
i'm able to adjust the resoution and brightness.

but still i'm not able to install nvidia drivers &
In Software updates > additional setting > The nvidia corporation and intel corporation are showing unknown. as well
can anyone please help... thanks in advance


Data lost after installing ubuntu. Any chance of recovery?

There are good chances to recover the whole previous partitions if you stop working on your hard disk drive IMMEDIATELY. The longer you use the hard disk, the more risk your data is exposed to.

I suggest you to take a look at this answer.

Aditionally, as suggested by @Private, run a search for "data recovery" in this site and I am sure you'll find a lot of useful answers.

In your case, and considering that you have already write a lot of clusters, you may experience some data loss (which may be a big amount of data). And maybe you'll be in need to first remove your current partitions (by formatting the whole disk NOT THE PARTITIONS but the disk itself) in order to recover the previous. These tasks can be done with a simple Ubuntu Live CD and installing the required tools (GParted, testdisk, etc.) or a GParted Live CD/USB

I hope you find a way to bring your data back with these information but if you need further support don't hesitate to drop a comment.

Good luck!


Grive2 is not functioning anymore, do we have alternative to get Google Drive working on Ubuntu MATE 16.04 LTS?

Yes, we have an alternative - we can run Google Drive using Wine through PlayOnLinux.
I tested the method below using PlayOnLinux 4.3.4.
Steps to install:

Launch PlayOnLinux
Click Install or Install a program
Type google drive in Search field, select Google Drive Sync Enterprise
Click Install, confirm testing by pressing OK, follow steps of installation wizard
Close PlayOnLinux confirming closing all applications.

Steps to configure:

Launch Google Drive Sync by clicking on its icon on desktop or in Applications → Internet → Google Drive Sync.
In opened Welcome to Backup and Sync window click Get Started button
Login to your Google account from the application or using web-browser( by clicking Having trouble? Sign in with your browser instead).
Click GOT IT.
Configure folders to sync (personally I unchecked all folders on top and clicked Next) and clicked GOT IT.
Check Sync My Drive to this computer and set Folder location: to needed location (for example Z:\home\username\Google Drive as it was set for grive2). Note: if this path fails, then you can use C:\users\username\My Documents\Google Drive (which is really /home/username/Documents/Google Drive).
Click Start.
Wait for first sync and check status of tray icon - it should change from  (Comparing or Syncing) to  (Updated just now).

Optionally we can add Google Drive Sync to the autostart by copying its desktop icon to XDG autostart:
mkdir -p ~/.config/autostart/
cp ~/Desktop/Google\ Drive\ Sync.desktop ~/.config/autostart/

and then logout and login back to get it auto-started.

Notes:

if we have grive and grive-tools installed - we need to remove them first with sudo apt-get purge grive grive-tools and sudo apt-get autoremove --purge.
on Ubuntu MATE 18.04 LTS with Nvidia driver to avoid Google Drive crash with err:winediag:xrandr12_init_modes Broken NVIDIA RandR detected, falling back to RandR 1.0. Please consider using the Nouveau driver instead. message in wine log we need to Configure wineprefix from PlayOnLinux – set on Display tab GLSL Support → disabled, Offscreen rendering mode → backbuffer.


Getting "Permission denied (publickey)" when tryhing to clone from Git repo

This means the remote server (GitHub) can't verify your SSH identity because your public key is not accepted.

If this isn't a private repo and you have no plans to commit back to this repository in the near future, you should just use HTTP connections. These don't require SSH keys and can be done by anyone:

git clone https://github.com/immortal/immortal.git

If, however, this is a private repository or you want to contribute code, you're going to have to add your SSH key to your GitHub account and then try again.


How to configure Apache to serve pages in a shared folder from host machine?

Trying to have apache access shared folder from a Windows host on an Ubuntu guest is tricky as Virtualbox mounts the shared folder with the user root and group vboxsf. To get this to work after we (OP and I) tried to remount that location with the command

 sudo mount -t vboxsf -o remount,uid=1000,gid=1000,rw __www /media/sf__www

This didn't work so a workaround was used where we added the apache user www-data to the group vboxsf with the command

 sudo adduser www-data vboxsf

and with after that apache on the guest was able to access that location.


I had exactly the same problem as described by nhadfield on 8/21/13.   First I looked into
the answer about Ghostscript, but it was already installed.

I had followed the instructions at How do I install the drivers for my Samsung printer?, which
led me to install
B1160_B1160w_UnifiedLinuxDriver_1.01.tar.gz

However, today I discovered also B1160w_Linux_v1.04_Driver.tar.gz
at
http://www.dell.com/support/drivers/us/en/555/driverdetails?driverid=M4HVD

I downloaded this 1.04 version and then installed it as follows using the
Terminal.   It seems to be working.

cd
cd Downloads
gunzip B1160w_Linux_v1.04_Driver.tar.gz
tar -xvf B1160w_Linux_v1.04_Driver.tar
cd cdroot
cd Linux/
sudo ./install.sh


Changing from Unity to Gnome3 on 14.04 LTS

Those extra packages will take up some space on your harddisk - but that's all, unless you are on a metered connection where every kB data matters.

Compared to the amount of downloads happening every day from the Ubuntu servers your part doesn't make any difference. So there is no outside reason for you to remove them.


Serious Wi-Fi network issue on Ubuntu 17.04, part 2

Network manager is having trouble resolving DNS servers for now in Ubuntu 17.04, you can work around it by adding the google DNS servers in network manager which are usually faster then your own ISP servers in many cases.

Add the google nameservers 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 in "IPv4-settings" in the network-manager at the top right of the screen.

Right-click->Edit connections->choose your wifi connection->Edit->IPV4-settings> Change to "Automatic (DHCP), addresses only" and add the nameservers in the field "DNS-servers", then go to IPV6 settings and set to ignore, then save.

Restart the network by doing:

sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service

or reboot your computer.


Cron is executed but script doesn't work

You seem to be confusing two different methods of invoking cron jobs.

Ubuntu inherits from Debian a somewhat confusing policy of supporting both user crontabs that are stored in a spool area /var/spool/cron, and system-wide cron jobs run from /etc/crontab and the files in /etc/cron.d.

Jobs specified in /etc/crontab or via files in /etc/cron.d need an extra field in order to allow them to be run as a different user so the format is something like

*/10 * * * * <username> <command> <args>

Jobs set up via the spool area using crontab -e (or sudo crontab -e for root) already belong to a specific user, and don't need the user field

*/10 * * * * <command> <args>

If you include the username field in a cron job set up via a crontab -e command, it will be misinterpreted as a command: as we can see from your log output,

Oct 21 07:30:01 stan CRON[7604]: (stan) CMD (stan /home/stan/update.sh)

cron is interpreting stan as a command with argument /home/stan/update.sh

The solution should be simply to remove the username stan from your crontab.


Purge all of the nvidia stuff first:

sudo apt purge ^nvidia

Install recommended Ubuntu Nvidia driver:

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

Reboot:

sudo reboot

After reboot check Nvidia driver in use:

nvidia-smi

Remark. If your Nvidia card is supported by 396 version nvidia driver, consider installing it from Proprietary GPU Drivers repository. Just execute before nvidia drivers clean up:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update


gtags is a Linux tool that generates a symbol database for source code and then allows searching of those symbols for usage and definition.  ggtags is the "plugin" for Emacs that provides an automated frontend to the tool.  Some alternatives that have similar functionality to gtags are ctags, etags, and cscope, most of which have their own Emacs plugins.
Notably, many of these tools are not very good at handling large codebases (Linux kernel size and larger) because of the way they store their databases.  The Linux kernel for example will generate a 2GB text file when using just gtags, and that file has to be loaded and searched whenever you try to do a symbol lookup.  Workarounds exist to resolve this problem (below).
Simple solution
1.Install gtags on your system.
sudo apt-get install global

On a command line you should now be able to run this command and see where it's installed:
which gtags

2.Tell the Emacs ggtags plugin where to find the gtags tool.
Using the path returned by the which gtags command, add the following line to your ~/.emacs file:
(setq ggtags-executable-directory "/path/to/gtags/parent/dir")

3.Create a gtags database for a code project.
By default ggtags will search upward through the directory tree from the file in which you performed a symbol lookup trying to find a GTAGS file.  That GTAGS file (and possibly some associated ones) is your symbol database. If it doesn't find a match for the symbol in the first database file, it will continue searching up the directory tree for additional databases.  Matches are prioritized based on file proximity of symbol usage/definition to the file you're doing the lookup in. Generation of this database is called "tagging", and it's usually located at the root of a source tree you want to tag.  The gtags tool itself does not do this continuation search since it's passed a path to a specific database, and the native Emacs provided gtags plugin maintains this single-database behavior.

To create a gtags database for a source folder out of Emacs when you're using the ggtags plugin (recommended over the native Emacs gtags plugin), you need to run the command ggtags-create-tags.  The default key-binding for running arbitrary commands in Emacs is M-x, so press that and then type ggtags-create-tags.  It will prompt you for a folder everything should be tagged and the database should be placed, so point it to the top directory of the source folder you want to tag.  It will run for a while, possibly quite a while if you have a large source tree, blocking the entire Emacs GUI while it generates the tag database.  Once it completes it will get used automatically by ggtags when relevant.
Much better solution
One of the problems with gtags, ctags, etags, and cscope is the size of the databases produced.  Since they're tagging where symbols are defined as well as where they're used, you can end up with a database larger than your actual source tree.  Very large databases then present the problem of searching them in a reasonable time.  Using ggtags with the default Ubuntu gnu-global tool installed produces a very inefficient database format that gets exponentially worse the larger it grows.  Mostly this is because Ubuntu is still providing the gnu-global tool from 2008 rather than a modern version, and it's not built to use the much more efficient ctags tools as an underlying framework.

To avoid the problems with gtags and get it to use the more efficient ctags, you need global-6.4 or later, and it needs to be built to point to your ctags installations.  The only way I've really found to do this is to build it from source and provide the proper options as well as all the necessary dependent package installations.  I ended up writing a shell script to do this installation and setup for me, and I keep it in GitHub with the rest of my emacs configuration and installation scripts.  You can get it from https://github.com/mtalexan/emacs-settings/blob/master/global_install.sh.
You'll need to set a few things in your ~/.emacs to make full use of this:
(setq ggtags-use-idutils t)
(setq ggtags-use-project-gtagsconf nil)

This enables the use of the very efficient idutils sub-package, and makes sure gtags calls use your global settings for gtags that you've now compiled in.
How to use gtags/ggtags/helm-gtags
I personally use ggtags and not helm-gtags or gtags.  Emacs provides a default gtags "plugin", but it has a much worse interface than ggtags and will only search a single database.  I use helm regularly for most things, but I like my ggtags interface separated from my helm interface when I'm parsing matches so I don't use helm-gtags.  Also helm-gtags is pretty slow if your gtags database is large.

For ggtags you need to set ggtags-mode for it to be useful.  This can be done by adding it to automatically trigger on c-mode by adding something like the following to your .emacs file
(add-hook 'c-mode-common-hook
  (lambda ()
    (when (derived-mode-p 'c-mode 'c++-mode 'java-mode)
     (ggtags-mode 1))))

Alternatively you can set it to always be enabled by instead using a line like this:
(setq ggtags-global-mode 1)

Settings I recommend if you're going to be using a large codebase require the following lines in your ~/.emacs file:
; Allow very large database files
(setq ggtags-oversize-limit 104857600)
(setq ggtags-sort-by-nearness t)

When browsing the code, the most common things I do are to follow a symbol underneath my cursor, find all uses of a symbol underneath my cursor, and occasionally to do a symbol lookup unrelated to where my cursor is.  These correspond to the commands: ggtags-find-tag-dwim and ggtags-find-reference.  These commands operate on a point (your Emacs cursor position) but will open a prompt for you to enter a symbol when there is no symbol under your point or when they're called from M-x.
When you run ggtags-find-tag-dwim it can do a number of things best understood by playing with it, but generally will jump to a match when there's only one match (equivalent that doesn't auto-jump is ggtags-find-tag) or will open a side windows like ggtags-find-reference with a list of possible matches that includes the file, line number, and some context for it where each entry is clickable to jump directly there.
Be careful when that window is open, it puts you in a special minor mode that means the up and down keys will switch between matches until you press Enter to officially select a match.
Conveniently when you select a match your tag-mark is left behind.  This means you can use the command pop-tag-mark to jump back to the last place you were at.  tag-mark is a stack of tag-marks, so you can repeatedly look up symbols and will always be able to go back to each location prior to following a lookup.
If you want to just do a manual lookup rather than one based on the symbol at the point, there are some ggtags functions that operate like ggtags-find-tag-dwim, but prompt you for the symbol in the minibuffer.  ggtags-find-tag-dwim will do this as well if there is no symbol under the point.


I could not find a good driver for the RealTek card so I bought an Intel Gigabit NIC and everything came up roses.  I am happily ubuntuing now


any idea what type of error this is - Machine check / Kernel Panic

Machine check exceptions are thrown when a CPU detects a hardware problem. This is not a OS related thing, but an actual hardware failure.

They can be caused by:

Random things (e.g. cosmic rays). This will happen now and then, but only very rarely. If your problem persists then this is not the cause
Broken hardware (Can be the CPU itself, or e.g. the memory when it tried to access the memory and gets corrupted/unexpected results)

In your case: Open the laptop. Check the CPU. Is it properly cooled? No dust on the heatsinks (Heat warning should kick in before the CPU starts to crash, but still...).

Are they any bulging capacitors? Any other visible damage?


You can create a .desktop file that will be listed on 'Open with other application' tab:

Navigate to ~/.local/share/applications
Create a file called textfig.desktop with these contents:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Textfig
Comment=Edit fig files using custom textfig script
Exec=<path to your script> %u
Terminal=true
Type=Application
Icon=
Categories=Application;Utility;TextEditor;
StartupNotify=true
MimeType=text/plain;
NoDisplay=true

After this you will see Textfig in your Open with other application tab, select it and when you double click the file you will be able to open it using your program.

Just adjust the rest of the values a bit more to fit your needs. The %u will tell nautilus to execute it on the currently selected file.


How to fully remove all packages installed by 'gnome-session-fallback'?

To remove gnome-session-flashback or gnome-session-fallback:

sudo apt-get purge gnome-session-fallback
sudo apt-get autoremove # Uninstall unneeded Packages
sudo apt-get autoclean  # Delete packages no longer installed

You could just ask apt to re-install it for you however:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall gnome-session-fallback

If you're still having trouble (and aren't in any rush):

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop


Windows recovery (fat32) image clone with clonezilla on different filesystem type (ntfs/ext2/ext3/ext4/)

It does not matter which file system you store the image to. The image is a file, containing all the information from the original file system. This can be moved around, to different file systems, without any problem.

In fact, FAT32 would probably be a bad choice for storing images, as it do not support large files (maximum 4GiB), and has a rather dated design. With clonezilla, the size limitation will not matter, as clonezilla by default splits the image into multiple smaller chunks.

So save the image to whatever filesystem you want.


NVIDIA 440.64 32-bit libraries package breaks 64-bit driver package

If anyone is interested, I looked a little bit deeper and found out that I add two sources for NVIDIA drivers, one being the graphic-drivers ppa and the other one being CUDA repos. The version in CUDA repos (440.64.00-0ubuntu1, against 440.64-0ubuntu0~0.18.04.2 in the ppa) was the main candidate for installation but no 32-bit libraries were provided. Thus the only problem was trying to install a different version of the 32-bit libraries.

What I did was purge all NVIDIA packages, disable temporarily the CUDA repo and reinstall everything. Now the updates from the CUDA repo are kept back because there is no candidate to update the 32-bit library to that version, but everything is working fine.

STEPS

Remove NVIDIA drivers and libraries:

$ sudo apt-get purge nvidia-* libnvidia-*

Disable CUDA repo, either rename cuda.list in /etc/apt/sources.list.d or comment out its content:

$ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cuda.list
#deb http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64 /

Update and check candidate version:

$ sudo apt-get update
$ apt-cache policy nvidia-driver-[version] libnvidia-gl-[version]:i386

mine with both sources enabled looks like this, if you disable the CUDA repo they should display the same version table and the same candidate version:

nvidia-driver-440:
Installed: 440.64-0ubuntu0~0.18.04.2
Candidate: 440.64.00-0ubuntu1
Version table:
    440.64.00-0ubuntu1 500
        500 http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64  Packages
*** 440.64-0ubuntu0~0.18.04.2 500
        500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/graphics-drivers/ppa/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
    440.33.01-0ubuntu1 500
        500 http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64  Packages
libnvidia-gl-440:i386:
Installed: 440.64-0ubuntu0~0.18.04.2
Candidate: 440.64-0ubuntu0~0.18.04.2
Version table:
*** 440.64-0ubuntu0~0.18.04.2 500
        500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/graphics-drivers/ppa/ubuntu bionic/main i386 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

Reinstall driver and manually install 32-bit libraries if necessary:

$ sudo apt-get install nvidia-driver-[version]
$ sudo apt-get install libnvidia-gl-[version]:i386

You can enable the CUDA repo, the new updates will be kept back as long as there is no compatible new version of the 32-bit libraries.


How is the system partition detected during startup?

As @ridgy says, GRUB knows /:

$ grep -w vmlinuz /boot/grub/grub.cfg -m1
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-59-generic root=UUID=21ff70e8-39ce-432d-98cc-d45c50ed1265 ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff

Note how GRUB passes the UUID of my root partition to Linux.

Related, on Unix & Linux:

How is /etc/fstab accessed before root is mounted?
Does initramfs use /etc/fstab?


This seems to be mostly expected behaviour. When ibus is active and one, say, moves up to the menu or exits input mode, ibus switches to input method off since it no longer sees a gui element with focus and where entering text is possible. The error message you saw ("no focused input context") is consistent with this. Ibus stays on when you go back to the text window without having performed a command because the ibus context is still alive. The bug is that the ibus context is killed when you do perform an action and follow that with a click in the text window. You're still in insert mode, but the ibus context is dead, you need to turn ibus on again. This doesn't happen in programs like LibreOffice.

I imagine the bug comes from the way vim uses a special insert mode rather than a standard gui event model. Clicking in a text window would normally set the focus on the text area, but here it doesn't. To make it work we need an add-on like ibus-el for emacs. I'm not sure where you should file a bug for this.

For a work around, I think the best thing to do is set a shortcut to enable ibus in the ibus preferences. From the ibus menu > preferences > General tab > enable box. A good one seems to be Ctrl-p since that is right next to the i for enabling input mode and the [ you may be using to exit input mode. I keeps you fingers in the same area. When you're back in the text area, a quick flick with you fingers is much easier than moving the mouse up and clicking twice.


Use a while-loop to keep the question running and break out of it when done as shown below

while :; do  # : evaluates to true, so "while true; do ...; done"
    echo "Choose A or B"
    read answer
    case "$answer" in
      [Aa]) # match case-insensitive A
        echo "A was chosen"
        break    # leave the while-loop
        ;;
      [Bb]) # match case-insensitive B
        echo "B was chosen"
        break    # leave the while-loop
        ;;
      *)
        echo "Please choose A or B only"
        ;;
    esac
done


Ubuntu doesn't reboot / shutdown properly

Problem was solved by upgrading BIOS firmware and reinstalling Ubuntu ACPI subsystem, without any specials tweaks.

Now on poweroff / reboot I see fully shutdown log.


I've figured it out. I use the random agent spoofer addon in my browser for privacy. Once I disabled the addon, the problem went away.


How do I make my live ubuntu on a USB stick persistant?

Full Install vs Persistent install
With a Full install of Ubuntu to USB you can run any program that you can run on an internal drive.
Comparison between Persistent and Full install USB
Advantages of a persistent install:

You can use the persistent pendrive to install Ubuntu to another computer.

A persistent install takes up less space on the pendrive.

You can reset the pendrive by overwriting the old casper-rw file with a new one.

The install to pendrive takes less time.

Advantages of a Full install:

You can update and upgrade.

If you have problems or wish to modify, the solution is the same as with an internal install, (You can ask for help in these forums).

No ugly startup / install screen.

Better security, you can use full encryption

You can use proprietary drivers.

Hibernation works.

A persistent install is limited to a 4GB casper-rw and a 4GB home-rw persistence file, to get more persistence requires persistence partitions. Once casper-rw is full, the drive will not boot.

More efficient usage of disk space. Does not require reserved space for persistence.

Faster boot, no automatic disk checking or Try Ubuntu/Install Ubuntu screen.

You can do anything, run any program, use any driver, etc, that you can do on internal drive.

Note that once booted, both methods run at about the same speed. If the computer has lots of RAM Ubuntu should run mainly in RAM and there will not be a bi difference between running off internal HDD and USB3 flash drive.
Full Install Method
Three methods for creating a Full install USB: How to Create a Full Install of Ubuntu 20.04 to USB Device Step by Step


Can't successfully change port that Apache2 listens for

I do guess that your problem is that you are trying to reach it over IPv4 and it is listening on IPv6.

Sound strange, but does look like it from what you are saying. So why not listen to 8085 on our IPv4 address?

Listen 0.0.0.0:8085

The 0.0.0.0 bein all addresses, if you have mutiple on your system then use the specific address you want instead.

But one question to finish this off, why do you have IPv6 tunred on if you are not using it?


Fix resolution on Ubuntu 12.04 (1440x900)

Xorg works with the blob driver and the ATI OSS driver.
To list your available resolutions check xrandr.

Your maximum resolution is determined by the card, not the monitor.
This screenshot is from 12.04


Nouveau driver on Notebook with only integrated Intel graphics

There are many versions of those packages, for many GPUs, so while you could delete the ones you don't need, they'll probably reappear as something had them added as a depencdency in the first place.  Don't bother with deleting them unless you are really critical on space.


How to download once and update all computers?

1st you have download APTonCD package.
this package will help you to create .iso image file of which you have download from internet.
after creating image file,image file content or packages are ready to install other machine.


Execute script when [dis]connected to wifi?

I had to add the following to my /etc/network/interfaces:

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp

Then place a script in /etc/network/if-up.d/ and check if "$IFACE" = "wlan0".


snapd udevmon.go:184: udev monitor observed remove event for unknown device

It appears to be a debug message which you can just ignore https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/log-snapd-and-btrfs-message/9809


Could someone explain what the following command does?

It lists all files and directories in the directory tree in a file called "allfiles.txt", and discards errors (the 2>/dev/null bit).


What is controlling the desktop display?

XFCE uses more Gnome settings than we'd like to believe. Delete the following directories in your /home/bart directory:

.config
.gnome2
.cache

Log out and log back in. Your XFCE desktop should be set to post-install defaults.


I would assume that you can just set both nic cards up, one as a primary and one as a secondary. In the event your primary goes down. You can then fall back on the secondary. I prefer static IP address but you should be able to use dhcp as well. Hope this helps

Example for static.

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0

iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.2.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.2.0
broadcast 192.168.2.255
gateway 192.168.2.1

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.2.99
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.2.0
broadcast 192.168.2.255


Bluetooth not working on lenovo g50-30 (Ubuntu 15.10)

In addition to the firmware installation, you need to install a kernel module. Run

wget https://launchpad.net/~hanipouspilot/+archive/ubuntu/bluetooth/+files/btusb-bcm105b-dkms_0.1_all.deb
sudo apt-get install btusb-bcm105b-dkms_0.1_all.deb

Then reboot.


How to use KDE global menu with Firefox?

To use the global menu with Firefox currently requires a patch. Archisman Panigrahi explains:

Global menu used to work with Firefox in KDE Neon 18.04 (and probably Kubuntu 18.04 as well), because (as far as I know) Ubuntu developers used [to] patch it for compatibility with Unity (which also had global menu). As Unity was dropped, the patch was discontinued

Specifically, the patch exports the menu via dbus. Without it, Firefox does not export the menu, so other applications can't access it. No global menu.
The current options:

Use the method described in this answer to install the latest version of firefox from repository of Ubuntu 18.04. You don't need to use apt-mark or find updates manually (unlike the next bullet point) if you use this method.

In this method, you would receive firefox updates normally as you did before (at least, until 18.04 is supported).
Results

Find and use patched binaries. Firefox in 18.04 repositories continue to apply the menu patch. There are other patched and renamed versions of Firefox, but they should probably be avoided for various reasons. You can prevent the package from upgrading to an unpatched version with sudo apt-mark hold firefox.

Recompile the source with the patch. This is the "safest" option. A minimal development toolset can be installed to upload the source to launchpad.net for compilation and inclusion in a PPA.

Live without Firefox global menus, and hope they're eventually implemented upstream. (Is there anything in the menu that you really need?)

See also:

Get HUD & Global Menu working with Firefox
Firefox bugzilla search: global menu


I keep getting a "python2.7-minimal" error. Any help?

Open a terminal and execute:

  sudo apt-get install -o APT::Immediate-Configure=false -f apt python-minimal

If you experience a dependency issue, such like

libglib2.0-0: Recommends: libglib2.0-data but it is not going to be installed

execute these commands:

  sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get upgrade
  sudo apt-get install -o APT::Immediate-Configure=false -f apt python-minimal
  sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
  sudo apt-get autoremove

source here

For reference here


"SystemError: E:Syntax error /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/70debconf:4: Extra junk at end of file" causing package manager to break

Command line error:

sudo apt-get install <application>

sudo apt-get remove <application>

I would suggest trying synaptic to reinstall the software center


Does installing multiple desktop environments affect performance?

No, installing and keeping different DE's does not mean slower performance. But when you are on a DE, you can try to avoid using an application which loads the other DE's modules, libraries etc.


I was experiencing something similar in terms of low speed downloads with 12.04, out of curiosity - installed 13.10 and the issue was gone, might not be a direct solution for you, but at least a room to experiment.

Another thing I would suggest - please check whether you truly have the latest drivers for your network card. It might be that you need to update them.


I used this tutorial to install LXDE. Its much more lightweight than Gnome desktop.

Also i tried Faizans tutorial mentioned on this page, but failed. There was no beautiful graphical interface, just terminal, at the end this tutorial helped to launch xfce4. But this installation is extremelly heavy, around 3 times larger than LXDE.


I found acroread to be unreliable when it comes to saving settings, though w.r.t. "double-sided printing" you may want to change your global printing preferences for your printer (e.g., look for "printing" in dash).

Alternatively, you may want to consider switching to a different pdf viewer like https://launchpad.net/~b-eltzner/+archive/qpdfview which is relatively new (up and coming) and, importantly, also support tabs.


Autokey (autokey-qt) freezes and won't insert text

This is my change to the offending code:

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/autokey/model.py

def _should_trigger_abbreviation(self, buffer):
    """
    Checks whether, based on the settings for the abbreviation and the given input,
    the abbreviation should trigger.

    @param buffer Input buffer to be checked (as string)
    """
    for abbr in self.abbreviations:
        if abbr == "":
            continue
        if self.__checkInput(buffer, abbr):
            return True


How do I set all applications to start unfocused or minimized?

Check GDevilSpie from the Software Center, here is a tutorial
http://www.webupd8.org/2011/02/how-to-start-applications-minimized.html


16.04 Cannot install anything from Ubuntu Software center

If you want to install programs via .deb files, I suggest to use Gdebi.

It's a lightweight application that is better at installing .deb packages, and is quicker as well. If there are dependencies, it notifies that as well.

In the terminal, type:

sudo apt install gdebi

You can right click on .deb file and select to open it with Gdebi.

If you like Gdeb, you can make it default to have it open all the .deb files in future.

Read this: http://itsfoss.com/gdebi-default-ubuntu-software-center/


Unable to remove plexmedia server from Ubuntu 14.04

Try this command:

sudo dpkg --force-all --force-remove-reinstreq -P plexmediaserver

If that does not work, remove the files by hand:

sudo mv /etc/init.d/plexmediaserver /tmp

and again:

sudo dpkg --force-all --force-remove-reinstreq -P plexmediaserver


/usr/bin/crontab is the command used for editing your user crontab. Looks like you've overwritten the crontab command with a crontab config file. The file you should be changing is /etc/crontab, not /usr/bin/crontab.

$ file /usr/bin/crontab
/usr/bin/crontab: setgid ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.15, stripped
$ file /etc/crontab
/etc/crontab: ASCII English text

To fix, reinstall the cron package (sudo apt-get --reinstall install cron), then make your changes in /etc/crontab.

Your crontab entry looks quite correct though, just in the wrong file.

EDIT Given that your cronjob only copies files within your own homedir, you might as well have it run as your user. If you want to use the systemwide crontab, put the following line in /etc/crontab

30 *    * * *   dnaneet    rsync /home/dnaneet/Downloads/*.pdf /home/dnaneet/Downloads/pdfs/

Though I'd just use the personal crontab, which you edit using the crontab command. In this case the line should be:

30 * * * * rsync "$HOME/Downloads"/*.pdf "$HOME/Downloads/pdfs/"

After you have done either change, that rsync command should run once an hour, at 00:30, 01:30, 02:30, 03:30, etc...


Hopefully this answer coming more than a year after the question will help some users.
I spent some time on this issue and I finally got a satisfying answer for my configuration.
In short: it is not necessarly cryptswap the culprit but can be another process hanging and thus blocking cryptswap.

In my case, my VPN client is not shutting down properly and blocks cryptswap exit.

Here is how to diagnosis that:

Deactivate cryptswap by following these instructions: https://www.logilab.org/blogentry/29155
Reboot, Reboot
Do you still see a stop job running?
If yes, then it is probably the one blocking cryptswap

Identifying this job is not always easy. I was already suspecting my VPN as I noticed that when rebooting immediately after startup, I had no issue. That was because I was rebooting too quick to allow the VPN startup.
If you have no idea, please look for further help on how to identify that particular process blocking your shutdown.

Once identified, re-activate cryptswap with sudo ecryptfs-setup-swap
reboot
exit the identified process
shutdown

No stop job ? You found your issue :)


Error: No default or UI configuration directive found

I found the problem with help from a good friend.  The Dell Inspiron 17R has a optional setting in the bios for the DVD/CD.  It is not set for the standard SATA drive option it was selected for some new power saving HVC (the abbreviation may not be correct) mode at boot up.  The Ubuntu disk would start up and work on loading up the operating system but the computer did not get feed back soon enough so it powers down the drive and the message pops up.  Went in the bios and changed it for just the load and set it back after the install.  Good to go no trouble with Ubuntu or windows 7.  Thanks


Try sudo ifdown wlan0 and sudo ifup wlan0 where wlan0 is your NIC (wifi card name). If you do not know what it is use ifconfig or ip a to find the name. If this worked, add it into your sudo nano /etc/rc.local right before the last line that says "exit 0". What this does is every time you boot up, it will reset the wlan0 card. Hopefully this solution is for you!


How to add an FTP user that doesn't have access to parent dirrectories?

Most of these commands need to be run as root by the way, so for instance instead of chmod ..., it would be sudo chmod...

This all depends whether this  of restricting access to folder or allowing access to folders. This is on the chmod page, which is what makes it really useful:

Owner is the permissions on that file of the owner of the folder - usually the user that has created them - can be changed with chown.

Group is the permissions on that file of the group of the folder - can be changed with the chown or the chgrp commands.

Other is the permissions on that file of everyone who does not fall into the above two categories.

So running chmod 600 /PATH/TO/FILE will change the permissions so that  only the owner can read the file, and write to it. This is useful if ristekga is the only other user, as then they cannot access it, but the owner can.

You can also do the same for folders, but by using chmod -R 600 /PATH/TO/FILE so the contents of the folder is the same as well. You should be able to run this on all the folders not owned by ristekga to stop them accessing them.

If they are owned by ristekga, running chown -R USERNAME:GROUP /PATH/TO/FOLDER (or chown USERNAME:GROUP /PATH/TO/FILE) should work - where USERNAME is the name of the new owner, and GROUP is the name of the group the folder it is to part of - but this can usually be the same as the USERNAME.


Xubuntu 14.04: Screen Resolution 1440x900, no xorg.conf or lightdm.conf

Very good stuff.

I had some issues keeping my second monitor in the correct position. On boot the system would automatically try to mirror my screens even though I saved them in a specific position. I assume it was something to do with loading into a different resolution than last used (since it wasn't added yet through xrandr).

I was able to fix my issue with an additional step. After I had my desktop set up how I wanted (i.e. adding the new mode and initializing it) I installed "arandr" and saved my current desktop setup to a single line shell command. Then the final script made sure my desktop came up in the correct location every time. My full script now runs at autostart and works in my Kubuntu setup perfectly.

xrandr --newmode "1280x1024_60.00"  109.00  1280 1368 1496 1712  1024 1027 1034 1063 -hsync +vsync
xrandr --addmode VGA1 1280x1024_60.00
xrandr --output VIRTUAL1 --off --output DP3 --off --output DP2 --off --output DP1 --off --output HDMI3 --mode 1920x1080 --pos 0x0 --rotate normal --output HDMI2 --off --output HDMI1 --off --output VGA1 --mode 1280x1024_60.00 --pos 1920x104 --rotate normal

I hope this helps anyone in this situation.


Ubuntu 19;10 server install on Raspberry PI 4 hangs on cloud init

If you don't need/want cloud-init, one way to bypass it hanging is to purge it altogether. My install was hanging as well on the second+ boot (Raspberry Pi 4 4GB), and all I had done to the base install on the first boot (19.10 Server 32bit armhf) was run sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get upgrade...but I knew the IP address of the machine, so I tried an ssh connection from my other computer...and it worked!

Once you're logged in via your SSH connection, follow these instructions to purge cloud-init.


How to make control + alt + backspace not automatically restart the X-Window and instead just kill it?

I think that this combo does in fact kill the X server, but the init process restarts it. Remember you are running at 'runlevel 5' which typically means a graphical environment. If you just want to work from a terminal you can CTL-ALT-F1 (up to F6). But your X will still be running on the system, albeit maybe swapped out.
If you want to kill the graphical environment altogether then I think you need to tell Linux to go to "runlevel 3" (multi user with networking traditionally).
The 'telinit 3' command used to be able to do this; not sure if it still does.
You need to be root of course, or use sudo. So you could CTL-ALT-F1 then sudo telinit 3.

With the advent of systemd way of doing things there are no more runlevels, there are now targets. So you need to figure out which target to use, and then get systemd to put you into that target.


It's old libpango issue by some and feature by others:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pango1.0/+bug/509919
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pango1.0/+bug/510354

Removing seems like insane task


CPU utilization mail alert for any running services

You best answer is likely going to be Nagios. It's host monitoring software that does just this (among other things). It's a bit complicated to get installed but this guide should help.


Failed to execute /init: Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found

Your initramfs is bad.  Regenerate it with sudo update-initramfs.


Determine your current BIOS flavor and version

Press F1 at boot to enter the BIOS setup.  Here you should find the following:

UEFI BIOS Version                H?ETxxWW(y.yy)
UEFI BIOS Date (Year-Month-Day)  YYYY-MM-DD
Embedded Controller Version      H?ECxxWW(y.yy)

where ? is 1, 5, or 9.  I will call this the "flavor".

xx and y.yy signify the version.  We're only concerned with the UEFI BIOS Version, not the Embedded Controller Version.

Mine looks like this, I have the "H5" flavor and will need to install the files that begin with "H5":

UEFI BIOS Version                H5ET69WW (1.12 )
UEFI BIOS Date (Year-Month-Day)  2012-11-15
Embedded Controller Version      H5EC31WW(1.11)

Understanding versions and available files

Currently these three versions are available:

h9et75ww.zip
h9et84ww.exe h9et84ww.txt
h9et92ww.exe h9et92ww.txt

Even though the filenames indicate the "H9" flavor, the first two also contain BIOS updates for the "H1" and "H5" flavors.  h9et75ww.zip contains these versions:

H1ET80WW
H5ET80WW(1.19) 2013-09-09, EC: H5EC33WW(1.13)
H9ET75WW

When run, h9et84ww.exe extracts its contents to a directory, which contains these versions:

H1ET85WW
H5ET85WW(1.23) 2014-04-15, EC: H5EC34WW(1.14)
H9ET84WW

Based on the file size, I believe h9et92ww.exe only contains H9ET92WW for the "H9" flavor.

Note that the two digits before 'WW' are different for the "H9" flavor as compared to the others.  I've provided the version, date, and embedded controller version for the "H5" flavor after upgrading.  h9et84ww.txt contains lots of conflicting information about versions and dates, and should not be trusted.

It is not clear whether the instructions to upgrade to H9ET75WW before upgrading to H9ET84WW or H9ET92WW only apply to the "H9" flavor, or all flavors.  For safety, you should probably upgrade them sequentially on all flavors.

Installing h9et75ww.zip

This contains DOS executables.

Install a live version of FreeDOS to a USB stick.
Extract h9et75ww.zip to that USB stick.
Ensure your battery is charged and that the charger is connected.  The installer will check your battery level and abort if it is too low.
Press F12 at boot, select to boot from your USB stick.
Once FreeDOS is running, cd to the DOS subdirectory of the files you extracted in step 2.
Run the H?ETxxWW.BAT script that corresponds to your particular flavor, substituting ? as appropriate.

The output will look something like this:

bat_cap= 100
Don't clean variable

Phoenix SCT Flash for DOS V1.3.26.1, Build 120810
Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Phoenix Technologies Ltd.

SecureFlash BIOS detected.
Read BIOS image from file.
Initialize Flash module.
Read current BIOS.

WARNING: System is going to shutdown and do capsule update!

WARNING: System will shutdown or reboot in 5 seconds!

Let it reboot.  After the reboot, you should see it flash the BIOS:

Phoenix SCT Flash for Shell V1.3.26.1, Build 120810
Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Phoenix Technologies Ltd.

Read BIOS image from memory.
Initialize Flash module.

Prepare to flash "bios"

Begin Flashing......
Total blocks of the image = 992.
|---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----|
************************...........**..*******....
Image flashing done.

Flashing finished.

Prepare to flash "ec"

Begin Flashing......
Total blocks of the image = 32.
|---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----|
*...**....**************************************..

Flashing finished.

BIOS is updated successfully.

WARNING: System will shutdown or reboot in 5 seconds!

Let it reboot again, and you are done.

Installing h9et84ww.exe

This installer is unfortunately not a self-extracting zip file.

Install wine.
Use wine to run h9et84ww.exe.  This should bring up an installation wizard.
Accept the license agreement.
Let the wizard extract the files.
After extracting, un-check the box to "Install ThinkPad BIOS Update Utility now", and click Finish.

This would launch winuptp.exe that it just extracted, but it does not work under wine.  It also does not work under FreeDOS.  We need to find a different way to install it.

Browse to the directory containing the files it extracted in step 4.  You should find the subdirectories H1ET85WW, H5ET85WW, and H9ET84WW.  Each contains a single file named $0AH?000.FL1 where ? is the flavor.  These are the same size and likely the same format as the .cap files in h9et75ww.zip.  So let's use the same FreeDOS USB stick as before, but using the updated files instead.

Copy the relevant $0AH?000.FL1 file to the DOS directory of the USB stick, renaming it to H?ETxxWW.cap, and substituting ? and xx as appropriate.
Edit the relevant H?ETxxWW.BAT script.  Near the top should be a line such as set NVROMCAP=H5ET80WW.cap.  Adjust this to refer to the file you copied in step 6.
Boot to the USB stick and install it as before.

Installing h9et92ww.exe

To be determined.


vlock does the trick.

apt-get install vlock.


Wrong Universal time on my Ubuntu server

Install the network time protocol daemon. This will allow you to sync your system time over the internet.

sudo apt install ntp ntpdate

Once installed, run the following command:

ntpdate pool.ntp.org

This will link your computer with the time servers of the NTP Pool Project. For me my clocks fixed themselves quickly after running the command. And that was it.
After running the following command and setting the system clock, run:

hwclock --systohc


I use NetBeans IDE. Which allows you to use C++ complier. But you have to configure it your self.

They have a wiki to show you how to do it.

here is the link: http://netbeans.org/features/cpp/

Check this question if you have a problem in starting NetBeans from the dash


It's not an error or problem that you're facing in here. It's simply you're confused with the output that you're shown in here. With the following command you can have the complete view of your system.

inxi -Fv

In the output of the above command you would be able to see every detail of your system including your graphics drivers.
In most of the new computers it comes with two graphics cards, one is an integrated one (Intel) and the other is a dedicated one (AMD or Nvidia).  According to the memory usage the system can switch between them automatically but that only happens in Windows. In Linux you can go and type the following in the terminal

  sudo ubuntu-drivers devices

and look for the recommended one and install that using

  sudo apt install nvidia-xxx (replace those xxx with the version name)

after this reboot your system and from nvidia-settings go to PRIME profile and select the Nvidia card. I guess this would solve your query to the fullest.

Now look at the output of lspci -k | grep -A 2 -i "VGA" only one of the graphics card is getting recognized for VGA because it is VGA compatible and the other (Nvidia) which is not. So it basically means when you add a second display unit only the VGA compatible GPU would be in use.

display UNCLAIMED means that there's only one display unit connected to it. So unless you think of adding another monitor to it don't bother.

I'm providing you with the link even

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1327142

https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-newbie-8/%5Bsolved%5D-display-unclaimed-can%27t-change-resolution-4175624346/

https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-general-1/intel-graphics-lshw-display-unclaimed-4175550488/


libxml-dev was last seen in Hardy - so if you definitely still need this package, you could try downloading the deb appropriate to your platform and installing this.

libxml2-dev is available from software center or synaptic.


Warning: Wall of text incoming.

Because the GNU/Linux operating system is not built by a single project, it needs to be modular. For example, it needs to combine and orchestrate a network driver with the input driver, GUI, browser, etc. Broadly speaking, a GNU/Linux distribution does this combination (of the various modules).

Ubuntu is a GNU/Linux distribution. A distribution essentially is a collection of software and how they are “glued together”. There are various distributions because there are different needs/taste. As analogy consider McDonalds. There are several types of burgers (distributions), with different number of breads, meat, cheese, etc, such as Big Mac and Chesseburguer. Each person usually prefer a different type of sandwitch (distribution) based on their needs.

Moving on, GTK+ and Qt are graphic toolkits (think of them as primitives). A graphical software 'module' that talks with the "screen" software module of the operating system (ex: X11). Graphic applications, such as Nautilus or Dolphin, respectively GNOME and KDE file managers, are built using these primitives (GTK+ and Qt). For example, they (the applications) say: hey give me and draw a window. Ok, now draw a menu, draw a button, etc.

Further, we can generalize and say that KDE essentially is a collection, itself, of softwares that are built on top of the Qt framework (graphical 'module'). Not only KDE provide applications, such as Dolphin, K3B, Amarok, they also provide higher level libraries/modules (usually built on top of Qt or other 'module') for these applications. For example libraries that make it easier to handle and work with files, or send/receive data.

Further, they (KDE) also provide their own graphic environment, called Plasma. Plasma is an application (also on top of Qt) that controls the main GUI (the taskbar, tray area, desktop, etc).

Having said that, if you want to help KDE with applications all you need is the Qt toolkit (qt, pyQT, etc) and possibly KDE libraries (kio, kparts, etc).

If you want to develop KDE libraries, such as an existing library, you will need Qt and preferred an updated KDE collection of software to test the applications that use the library.

Finally, if you intend to develop plasma itself (“the main GUI”), then you will need the latest Qt and KDE collection of software.


Assuming That you installed everything in your windows root directory, it being C:\
The Following files are added up by Wubi :

C:\ubuntu\ - The directory where Ubuntu is installed.
C:\wubildr.mbr - The master boot record only for Ubuntu
C:\wubildr* - Other miscellaneous files to help boot Ubuntu
HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi] - Registry key to show Wubi under Add/Remove Software

The Following files are modified:

Windows Xp - C:\boot.ini - Adds this line C:\wubildr.mbr = "Ubuntu"
Windows 98 - C:\config.sys - Adds this line C:\wubildr.mbr = "Ubuntu"
Windows 7 - Open cmd and use bcdedit command to search for the {GUID} specified for the Ubuntu entry.One may delete it with this command bcdedit /delete {GUID} if needed.

Yes, To manually uninstall Wubi and Ubuntu, you may safely delete all the above said files.

To the best of my knowledge (tough not sure); no changes are committed to windows boot loader.


Java / Minecraft "Error: Could not find or load main class –Xms1024M"

Pay attention to case!

The m should be lower case, like so:

sudo java -Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -jar minecraft_server.1.9.2.jar nogui

Also, try putting the memory options at the end.


`google-chrome` freezes upon launching - DBus.Error

Those are the kinds of errors you shouldn't worry about - usually it means it's trying to access things that your system wasn't designed for/doesn't include.
Also, Google Chrome by itself is not searchable in the Ubuntu Software Center. Try searching for "google-chrome" instead.

Edit:
As a general note, the longer and more specific your search term is, the smaller your chance of finding something unless you're sure of what you're searching for.

In this specific case, if you just typed google or chrome, the Software Center would have shown you google-chrome.


How can I upload MP3's to youtube using Ubuntu?

You'll have to download a video editor/creator. The one I would recommend is openshot.
Its much like Windows Movie Maker and you should be able to download and use it very easily. It can be downloaded from the Ubuntu Software Center for free.

Once downloaded you should be able to create, export, and upload your videos with ease.


In Ubuntu 16.04:

sudo bash -c 'echo "deb http://www.bchemnet.com/suldr/ debian extra" >> /etc/apt/sources.list'
wget http://www.bchemnet.com/suldr/pool/debian/extra/su/suldr-keyring_2_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i suldr-keyring_2_all.deb
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install suld-driver-4.00.39

In the driver deb configuration file select the user(s) that need to be added to the lp group in order to be able to use the scan.

You will need to log out and in again.


Run

sudo dpkg --configure -a

then:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Finally run (probably not needed):

sudo apt-get upgrade


How to fix ~/.profile and ~/.bashrc syntax errors

This can happen if your files have a non-printing byte sequence at the start - for example a byte order mark - perhaps as a result of having edited them in a word processor program or Windows text editor.

For example, given

$ file profile bashrc
profile: UTF-8 Unicode (with BOM) text
bashrc:  UTF-8 Unicode (with BOM) text

(where profile and bashrc are local copies of my ~/.profile and ~/.bashrc with byte sequence 0xFE 0xFF inserted at the start) then

$ bash -c 'source profile; source bashrc'
profile: line 1: #: command not found
bashrc: line 1: syntax error near unexpected token `('
bashrc: line 1: `# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.'

The simplest fix is to use dos2unix, which removes the BOM by default:

$ dos2unix profile bashrc
dos2unix: converting file profile to Unix format...
dos2unix: converting file bashrc to Unix format...

$ file profile bashrc
profile: ASCII text
bashrc:  UTF-8 Unicode text

Or you can simply replace the files with fresh copies from the /etc/skel directory as you discovered (although obviously you will lose any customizations that way).

Other ways to check for non-printing bytes are

cat -A ~/.profile ~/.bashrc

in which a BOM will show up as a control sequence like M-oM-;M-?# or using xxd or od to examine the byte sequences directly

head -1 ~/.profile | od -tx1

xxd -l16 ~/.profile

The diff command is helpful insofar as confirming there is a difference, but not in identifying what the difference is:

$ diff profile ~/.profile
1c1
< # ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.
---
> # ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.


The X Server, which listens for the xset command, starts after login.
Place the command in a script, and put the script in your ~/.config/autostart/ directory. It will run every time the X Server is started for your account.


A utility to find duplicate folders (NOT files)

I don't know of any utility that is specific to directories (but things like fslint or fdupes should also list directories) but it's easy enough to script:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

## Declare $dirs and $count as associative arrays
declare -A dirs
declare -A count

find_dirs(){
    ## Make ** recurse into subdirectories
    shopt -s globstar
    for d in "$1"/**
    do
    ## Remove the top directory from the dir's path
    dd="${d#*/}"
    ## If this is a directory, and is not the top directory
    if [[ -d "$d" && "$dd" != "" ]]
    then
        ## Count the number of times it's been seen
        let count["$dd"]++
        ## Add it to the list of paths with that name.
        ## I am using the `&` to separate directory entries
        dirs["$dd"]="${dirs[$dd]} & $d"
    fi

    done
}

## Iterate over the list of paths given as arguments
for target in "$@"
do
    ## Run the find_dirs function on each of them
    find_dirs "$target"
done

## For each directory found by find_dirs
for d in "${!dirs[@]}"
do
    ## If this name has been seen more than once
    if [[ ${count["$d"]} > 1 ]]
    then
    ## Print the name with pretty colors
    printf '\033[01;31m+++ NAME: "%s" +++\033[00m\n' "$d"
    ## Print the paths with that name
    printf "%s\n" "${dirs[$d]}" | sed 's/^ & //'
    fi
done

The script above can deal with arbitrary directory names (including those with spaces or even newlines in their names) and will recurse into any number of subdirectories. For example, on this directory structure:

$ tree
.
├── maindir1
│   ├── dir1
│   ├── dir2
│   │   └── new\012line
│   ├── dir3
│   │   └── dir5
│   ├── dir4
│   │   └── dir6
│   └── dir space
│       ├── dir1
│       └── dir2
└── maindir2
    ├── dir1
    ├── dir2
    │   └── new\012line
    ├── dir5
    │   └── dir6
    ├── dir6
    ├── dir space
    │   └── dir2
    └── new\012line

It will return this:


GUI app for Bandwidth Shaping (Internet Speed Limiter)

Network Traffic Monitor

(Only some of those needs could be satisfied with)

Can install it from downloading .deb file from Sourceforge

Can limit Traffic for data volume as well as time.


How to Update OpenGL with Intel graphics card Ubuntu 14.04

You can upgrade your graphical stack by running

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends xserver-xorg-lts-utopic libqt5gui5 libgles1-mesa-lts-utopic libgles2-mesa-lts-utopic libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-utopic libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-utopic:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-utopic:i386 libegl1-mesa-drivers-lts-utopic

Also I suggest upgrading kernel by

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-vivid


running deja-dup as cronjob, BU disc not connected

I have the same problem with deja-dup not working reliably when executed via cron. The (very unsatisfying) answer is, that it's simply not designed to work from cron.

Explanation
Feature request to enable time scheduled backups

One possible solution is to use duplicity for doing cron scheduled backups. Duplicity is the backend deja-dup connects to.


Permenetly disabling Ethernet connections

So I figured it out,
I just ended up configuring NetworkManager to ignore all Ethernet connections.
If you want to reproduce it you can just edit this as such:

/etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

and adding this to it

[main]
plugins=keyfile
[keyfile]
unmanaged-devices=interface-name:e*;

Do not forget to reload the service afterwards!


I used to play normally for a couple of months, then suddenly I had the problem you described.
Not a monitor issue in my opinion. I used to change res ingame every time via options->video-> resolution raising it to 1980.

Later on I uninstalled lol and loaded it back again and everything went fine.

As Alvar suggested, I would remove and reinstall it from playonlinux.


apt-get update fails in Ubuntu 14.04 due to GPG Error

I had the same issue because I am behind a proxy in my company.
The solution is that

You need to set your environnement variable

  http_proxy

Use your sudo command with the option

  -E

  sudo -E apt-get update

That option idicates to sudo command to execute preserving environment variables.


Can I upload binary packages to a Launchpad PPA?

No. You can only upload source packages to a PPA, for security and licensing (open-source) reasons; Launchpad will then build it into binary packages for you.


Is the ASUS Strix GTX 970 completely incompatible with Ubuntu?

I had a problem with my MSI Gtx 970 for a while now that I can't figure out. The card outputs to one of my monitors, but not another on the default driver. A TTY (by pressing ctrl+atl+F1) remains a blank black unusable screen.
I tried using all the different install methods to install the proprietary drivers here: http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2014/09/nvidia-343-22-install-in-ubuntu-1404/ but it all results in me ruining my install.
I even tried updating my kernel before installing the nvidia proprietary drivers.
Ubuntu doesn't say there are proprietary drivers in the additional drivers gui.

I'm really upset about it, it's totally unusable and I can't fix it.


Software-center crashes: bug or configuration error?

This is an error in software-center. The bug report is here.

To fix the issue, you must patch the bug yourself:

open /usr/share/software-center/softwarecenter/ui/gtk3/views/lobbyview.py
add a # before the line self.exhibit_banner.set_exhibits([FeaturedExhibit()])
restart software-center


Software updater warning: requires installation of untrusted packages

This is some problem in yout cache run those commands to solve it:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo mv /var/lib/apt/lists /var/lib/apt/lists.bak
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/apt/lists/partial
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update

source and more info


open terminal

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

now, find the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi=force"

then save that and close it then run

sudo update-grub

i would also recommend

sudo gedit /etc/systemd/system.conf

find the lines like
DefaultTimeoutStartSec=some number

DefaultTimeoutStopSec=some number
and remove the # in front of them and set the number to 10s


Will 'Install Ubuntu alongside' choose unallocated space?

No it will not use unallocated space.

It will use the space that is already partitioned and used by Windows.  It'll also provide a very easy to use interface to determine how much space will be left for Windows and now much space will be used for Linux.  The interface is a GUI with a slider to choose how the space would be divided.

The procedure will then create an extended partition of the space you choose to give to Linux and create a two partitions, one for the Ubuntu installation and one for the swap space.

If you want to use the unpartitioned space you would have to use the Something Else option and do it manually.  While not as seamless, the manual option is also very easy with a GUI environment for the work.


How do I found out which process creates a tilde "~" directory in my home folder

If you can get the system to create that file you can do

while true; do lsof /home/$USER/~; done;

Not pretty, hackish but it works without installing any tools.

You can also use an audit tool for this called auditctl:

auditctl -w /home/$USER/~

would then do the same. You can install this with

sudo apt install -y auditd audispd-plugins

Do check your environment variables. The cause, for this issue, turned out to be a wrongly set  XDG_CONFIG_HOME


How to kill wine processes when they crash or are going to crash?

You can safely kill wine sessions either via ALT+F2 or via a terminal by typing

wineserver -k

If it is really doesnt want to shutdown then you can force it via

wineserver -k9


Trash extremely slow ubuntu 16.04 when used for big files

This behavior is expected, because when you delete something using nautilus, it just moves it to the trash, as you know.

Correction: This is not the expected behavior. As BB1 points out, 'moving' a file to the trash doesn't actually move it anywhere, it just updates it's inode to reflect the location.

I would guess that your ram is being eaten because it takes much more system resources to delete (or do anything with) a bunch of small files than it does to delete one bigger file.

The behavior of Trash doesn't appear to be very customizable. There's not much that be done about that, unfortunately. You could look into trash-cli, but I don't know if it would be more efficient or not.

When I have to delete a bunch of small files, I always do it from the shell, because it's faster. Even then, I have encountered an error while trying to delete nearly a 100k files, something along the lines of "rm: argument list too long". To get around that, I ran rm in a for loop and iterated through the files like:

for letter in {a..z};do rm -f $letter*;done

If you wanted to emulate the trash functionality in the shell, you could try something like this:

#!/bin/bash
## pseudotrash
elsewhere=/media/$USER/some-external-drive/pseudo-trash
for file in "$@";do
  cp $file $elsewhere
  if [ "$?" -eq "0" ] ; then
    rm -f $file && echo "Backed up and deleted $file"||\
    (echo "Could not delete $file , aborting";exit 1)
  else
    echo "Could not copy $file,aborting" ;exit 1
  fi
done

And than run it like:

pseudotrash `ls`

or

pseudotrash 'file1 file2 file3'

I hope that answers your question and offers some insight to help solve your problem.


How do I upgrade PHP version to the latest stable released version?

apt-get update updates only the package lists. To actually upgrade the packages you have to run:

sudo apt-get upgrade

or

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

More info here.

If you ran the above commands but the packages still were not upgraded, probably you didn't add Ondřej Surý's PHP PPA to your system.

Run the following to add the PPA:

For PHP 5.5, PHP 5.6 and PHP 7.0:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ondrej/php

For PHP 5.4 (Deprecated, upgrade at least to PHP 5.5):

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ondrej/php5-oldstable

For PHP 5.5 (Deprecated, use ppa:ondrej/php):

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ondrej/php5

For PHP 5.6 (Deprecated, use ppa:ondrej/php):

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ondrej/php5-5.6

Then update the package lists and perform the upgrade:

sudo apt-get update

For PHP 5.5:

sudo apt-get install php5.5

For PHP 5.6:

sudo apt-get install php5.6

For PHP 7:

sudo apt-get install php7.0

Release upgrade

If you want to install the latest PHP (for example PHP7) but you want to stick to the release's packages intead of hacking the sources around; and you want to do a full-release upgrade (for example you are in Ubuntu 14.04 -which does not have php7- and you want to go to Ubuntu 16.04 -which does- then you can do:

do-release-upgrade

Now you should have the latest PHP version.


Apps launched from shell scripts do not run from Unity bar

Right click on the desktop and create a new launcher. Then drag this launcher to the unity bar.

I would recommend to move the launcher to another folder before you drag it to the unity bar because you just create a link to that launcher. If you move the launcher to ~/.local/share/applications/ you are also able to find it by typing the name in the unity search.


I had the same problem.

This can be fixed by uninstalling overlay-scrollbar. This will remove overlay scrollbars though.

You can uninstall it by executing sudo apt-get remove overlay-scrollbar.


Does "aptitude search '~U'" require "aptitude update" to display correct information?

TL;DR

aptitude search '~U' requires aptitude update to display correct information.

You should run

sudo aptitude update

to get actually information. The command

sudo aptitude search '~U'

doesn't search online, only local in your system.

It's not necessary on RPM based system with yum upgrade, dnf upgrade, yum distro-sync and dnf distro-sync.


How to determine what configuration options were used for MySQL server from Ubuntu Packages?

command line: mysqlbug

Look for Configure command: at the bottom for all the options.


Ubuntu uses udev so you don't need to execute the mknod command in those instructions.

As mentioned, mdadm is well documented as doesn't care whether the devices are hard disks, usb drives, or even LVM partitions. Examples:

Create a mirrored partition:

mdadm /dev/md0 --create --level=1 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

4 disk RAID 5:

mdadm /dev/md5 --create --level=5 -n 4 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdd2 /dev/sde2


Make partition on disk to install windows on it using gparted.
Now install windows on the newly created partition. Once installed, you will not have an option to boot into ubuntu.
To fix this, you have to use a live ubuntu usb and fix grub to show both ubuntu with windows os.


I used arandr to get the right xrandr configuration in the form of a shell script and set it up to run at session startup to make the change permanent.

Unfortunately, even though running the script fixed the issue, it would not be automatically done at the beginning of a session, so I have just upgraded to xfce 4.12, which has better support for multiple displays and this has taken care of the issue.


gnome-tweak-tool not showing any options for customisation

Drag your window to the right to reveal the tab pane on the left. The tab pane contains the different sections. You are now looking to the "General" tab, and that indeed only contains two options.


Are updates to libapache2-mod-php5 update causing apache to crash?

I just saw this on both my 12.04 LTS servers.  "sudo apt-get upgrade" caused the web server to stop.  A simple "sudo service apache2 start" appears to have fixed the issue here.

I similarly got an error:

[Wed May 25 11:49:42 2016] [error] (9)Bad file descriptor: apr_socket_accept: (client socket)
apache2: Syntax error on line 210 of /etc/apache2/apache2.conf: Syntax error on line 1 of /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.load: Cannot load /usr/lib/apache2/modules/libphp5.so into server: /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libm.so.6: symbol __strtold_nan, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference

My 16.04 LTS servers seem unaffected.

EDIT: I previously reported this was affecting a 14.04LTS server.  Upon further investigation, it's actually another 12.04LTS server.


Dual-Booting Ubuntu and Backtrack on a external HDD

After 2 weeks of research:

Make live USB of Ubuntu and Backtrack, to do so download Ubuntu and backtrack and use UnetBootin or Universal USB Installer (I used second one) to make live usb
Run Ubuntu live and open Gparted:
When system is turning on press F12 (or what ever your system accepts) to get to boot menu and select your usb flash, once Ubuntu starts choose try ubuntu and when desktop loads press Ctrl+alt+T and run command sudo gparted
Make the partitions:

On the top right corner select drive, then right click each partition and unmount, once done delete all partitions.
Right click the free space and add new partitions, Primary, what ever space left as FAT32, 1GB swap area
At least:
17 GB, Extended partition
10 GB, Logical, ext3
7 GB, Logical, ext4

Now press accept to apply changes
Boot into BackTrack
Click the install icon on desktop
Press forward until you get to partitions
Choose the last option (Advanced)
Right click the 10GB Ext3 partition and change
Format to ext3 and mount point /
Click forward
Click advanced and make sure its pointing to sdx and not sdxn (sdb1)
Install
Boot into Ubuntu
Choose install
When given the choice pick something else (advanced)
Click the 7GB ext4 partition and click change
Choose ext4 and mount point / and click ok
Make sure that on the bottom, where you select where to install bootloader, you choose the same place as the other one (sdx not sdxn)
Install


reallocating free space from one partition to another

Unfortunately, I do not believe you can resize/modify a partition that is currently in use. Your best bet would likely be using an Ubuntu live cd/usb to do this. I don't believe there is a solution that will not require rebooting your PC.

This link may be helpful for re-sizing the partitions from a live cd

http://www.howtogeek.com/114503/how-to-resize-your-ubuntu-partitions/

This thread can help you make a live cd/usb How can I create a LiveCD/LiveDVD/LiveUSB?


Certbot package: switching from old package to snap on 20.04

This worked just fine:
sudo apt remove certbot # to get rid of the old version. Config is retained undamaged.
sudo snap install --classic certbot # to install the now-preferred snap version
sudo certbot renew --dry-run # to check it was all working


As suggested by @Lnux:

Create a .sh, for example test.sh:

#!/bin/sh
eval "export $(egrep -z DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS /proc/$(pgrep -u $LOGNAME gnome-session)/environ)";

#Code:
DISPLAY=:0 notify-send "Test"

Then set up crontab:

crontab -e

And at the bottom, add:

* * * * * /home/myUser/test.sh

Obs.: you can place your .sh file in another location and don't forget to allow executing it.


Xubuntu 14.04 black screen after modifying xorg.conf file

Try to press Ctrl+Alt+F1 after you boot in Ubuntu. The combination launches tty console, you may recover configuration.


Ubuntu 16.04 characters invisible during boot

Edit your GRUB config and change quiet splash to text. To do this during boot, press e to edit, or to do it after you booted use:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub
sudo update-grub

then reboot. This will boot showing you all messages instead of the splash screen.


How can Clementine music player put my music playlists on my Android phone?

I wrote a perl script to do just this.  Simply save the playlist to an xspf file and run the script.  It requires a few options to work and will sync the playlist file to the phone.  If run with the 'delete' option, will remove any music from the phone not found in the playlist file.  Have a look at http://webcave.us/doku.php?id=music:start


Issue upgrading ubuntu 16.04 LTS to 18.04 LTS server

The regualr way to upgrade
To upgrade from lts to lts, edit your /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades with the following line:
Prompt=lts

Then run:
sudo do-release-upgrade

See: Upgrade policy
The Debian way of upgrading:
sudo sed -i.ORIG 's/xenial/bionic/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ /etc/apt/sources.list.d.ORIG/
sudo mkdir /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude safe-upgrade
sudo aptitude full-upgrade

Upgrading from Ubuntu 16.04 LTS or 17.10


How do I make terminator emulator appear and disappear like guake?

I was trying do the same thing (being a fan of both guake and terminator). Here's what I came up with (a customized version of desqua's answer to this question):

To launch an application or to show its window if already launched or to minimize if it is focused

1) Install wmctrl & xdotool, or in a terminal: sudo apt-get install wmctrl xdotool

2) Make a script:

Make a file gedit ~/bin/launch_focus_min.sh

And paste this:

#!/bin/bash
#
# This script does this:
# launch an app if it isn't launched yet,
# focus the app if it is launched but not focused,
# minimize the app if it is focused.
#
# by desgua - 2012/04/29
# modified by olds22 - 2012/09/16
#  - customized to accept a parameter
#  - made special exception to get it working with terminator

# First let's check if the needed tools are installed:

tool1=$(which xdotool)
tool2=$(which wmctrl)

if [ -z $tool1 ]; then
  echo "Xdotool is needed, do you want to install it now? [Y/n]"
  read a
  if [[ $a == "Y" || $a == "y" || $a = "" ]]; then
    sudo apt-get install xdotool
  else
    echo "Exiting then..."
    exit 1
  fi
fi

if [ -z $tool2 ]; then
  echo "Wmctrl is needed, do you want to install it now? [Y/n]"
  read a
  if [[ $a == "Y" || $a == "y" || $a = "" ]]; then
    sudo apt-get install wmctrl
  else
    echo "Exiting then..."
    exit 1
  fi
fi

# check if we're trying to use an app that needs a special process name
# (because it runs multiple processes and/or under a different name)
app=$1
if [[ $app == terminator ]]; then
  process_name=usr/bin/terminator
else
  process_name=$app
fi

# Check if the app is running (in this case $process_name)

#pid=$(pidof $process_name) # pidof didn't work for terminator
pid=$(pgrep -f $process_name)

# If it isn't launched, then launch

if [ -z $pid ]; then
  $app

else

  # If it is launched then check if it is focused

  foc=$(xdotool getactivewindow getwindowpid)

  if [[ $pid == $foc ]]; then

    # if it is focused, then minimize
    xdotool getactivewindow windowminimize
  else
    # if it isn't focused then get focus
    wmctrl -x -R $app
  fi
fi

exit 0

Make it executable: chmod +x ~/bin/launch_focus_min.sh

3) Make your keyboard shortcut:

Open your keyboard settings and create a custom shorcut with the command: /home/<user>/bin/launch_focus_min.sh terminator (~/bin won't work)
assign this command to Shift+Escape (or whatever keyboard shortcut you used for guake).


ubuntu is not booting, after dual boot installation with windows 7

Try the Recommended Repair of this little tool: Boot-Repair https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


What will happen when my laptop with a broken battery that is connected to a charger thinks battery goes to zero?

Now the battery has gone to zero, and the computer seems to work still just fine. The icon on the top right shows a battery with a lightning inside, no percentage as it used to, but acpi prints the following:

Battery 0: Discharging, 0%, rate information unavailable
Battery 1: Unknown, 0%

Next to the charger slot, this laptop model has a light that is supposed to be orange when charging and white when battery is full and the computer is connected to a charger (I can't remember what color it was when not connected to the battery, I guess it was orange as well). On the last boot before zero the percentage was 9 %, but the light switched from white to orange to white again indefinitely, changing color about every half a second. After this one "special" boot, the battery went to zero and the light is white.


When do relation-broken hooks get triggered?

It is possible to deploy services without any units and to relate to services which may not have any units. If you were to then remove this relation the relation would have been broken but no units were joined.


cp directories and files, preserving directories and overwriting files

You can use cp or rsync. I usually use rsync for this kind of task as rsync will by default overwrite files with same names on destination upon checking the size and modification time:

rsync -av dirHome/ dirHome2/

If the files to be overwritten are of the same size and have the same modification timestamp, then you can overwrite them forcefully by using the --ignore-times option:

rsync -av --ignore-times dirHome/ dirHome2/


How do I set a custom keyboard shortcut to control volume?

@dobey's solution works if you want to have only one keyboard shortcut for increasing / decreasing the volume.
If instead you want to have multiple key bindings controlling the volume (like to keep the default volume buttons on your laptop working, while adding additional keyboard shortcuts to use when you connect an external keyboard that does not have volume controls), then:

Go to System Settings → Keyboard → Shortcuts → Custom Shortcuts.

Click + to add a new keyboard shortcut. Set the "Name" to Volume up, "Command" to
amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%+ and click Apply.

Click Disabled next to your new key and choose the desired binding on your keyboard.

Add another shortcut with name Volume down and command
amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%-


unable to start kvm (qemu 4.0) because of pulseaudio after upgrade to ubuntu 19.10

This is because change in audio configuration since qemu 4.0. You need to edit your vm configuration:

sudo virsh edit <your_vm>

Then replace your lines:

   <qemu:commandline>
    <qemu:env name="QEMU_AUDIO_DRV" value="pa"/>
    <qemu:env name="QEMU_PA_SERVER" value="/run/user/1000/pulse/native"/>
  </qemu:commandline>

with:

<qemu:commandline>
  <qemu:arg value='-audiodev'/>
  <qemu:arg value='pa,id=pa1,server=/run/user/1000/pulse/native'/>
</qemu:commandline>

I found this here: https://www.reddit.com/r/VFIO/comments/b1crpi/qemu_40_due_soon_might_bring_superb_audio_test_now/


It sounds like your installation has /boot on a separate partition.  Try typing ls (hd0, then the <tab> key.  This should show you all the partitions seen by grub for (hd0).  One of those should be your root, unless your root was on a different drive.

If you're just trying to access your files, then boot with the livecd iso and then mount your root from the livecd environment.  If you want to actually boot your vm again, perhaps reinstalling grub would work. These instructions may help you.


mount laptop hard drive disk from live DVD

I know the current LTS live versions of Linux Mint (Ubuntu-based) normally mounts to /media/mint/[directory]. Ubuntu's should be similar, but it's easy to check:

Iif the drive is mounted somewhere, you can go to a terminal and run lsblk to see what partitions are mounted where.

mount shows similar info, but has more than just physical drives/partitions.

Or if you've got Disks (gnome-disks, in package gnome-disk-utility) installed it shows you where things are mounted too, and can try to mount & unmount them also.

Note:

Most live systems do not automatically mount HD partitions, there's often a one-click way to mount them from the File Manager (whichever it is, Nautilus, Thunar, pcmanfm, Nemo, Caja...) usually click on the drive from a "places" or "devices" list.

Or use Disks as mentioned above.

Or use a terminal & mount yourself (heh heh)


Errors were encountered while processing: munin-mongo

The problem was on the munin-mongo package, I fixed by removing all package information in the status file.

Find best explanation on this link


How to configure Ubuntu to use all nameservers detected by dnsmasq?

I ended up having to copy the dnsmasq conf file from /usr/share/doc/dnsmasq-base/examples/dnsmasq.conf.example to /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d/dnsmasq.conf, enable strict-order so that it hits all nameservers, followed by sudo restart network-manager to restart the dnsmasq service.

I don't think the default behaviour with strict-order disabled is correct. Think I'll file a bug on Launchpad...


Not sure if this was solved, but I had very close to the same problem (except for me, Unity wouldn't start either). The trick was to delete xorg.conf:

sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf

And then re-install xorg:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 xserver-xorg-core


How to delete Ubuntu as a boot option in BIOS?

Edit boot/grub/grub.cfg by Hand

Assuming that you have everything valuable backed up.

Boot Live USB.

Open Gnome-Disks.

Select the disk you want to modify on the left panel.

Select the partition with the filesystem on it on the right panel.

If there is a little triangle lower left click it. If there is a little square leave it.

Note the link in blue at the bottom of Disk's window.

Open Terminal and type sudo -H nautilus.

Navigate to the destination shown in the blue link: it should be similar to Filesystem root/media/ubuntu/xxxxxxxxxxxx

Open /boot/grub/grub.cfg

The menuentries you want to delete look similar to:
  menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-84562320-e49d-4d53-af05-793a1a8ac86c' {
      recordfail
      load_video
      gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
      insmod gzio
      if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
      insmod part_gpt
      insmod ext2
      set root='hd0,gpt3'
      if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3  84562320-e49d-4d53-af05-793a1a8ac86c
      else
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 84562320-e49d-4d53-af05-793a1a8ac86c
      fi
      linux   /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-53-generic root=UUID=84562320-e49d-4d53-af05-793a1a8ac86c ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
      initrd  /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-53-generic
  }

Delete only the menuentry, do not leave any spaces between the line above and the line below it.

If you have any doubts or questions please ask before proceeding.

EDIT
After reading your first post here: Boot partition missing? Can't boot into Ubuntu anymore. Does it have to do with GRUB or Boot partition or similar?
It looks like you just need to Format your HDD and install Ubuntu in UEFI mode.
To ensure that you are installing in UEFI mode follow the instructions for Rufus in this post:
Unable to access Ubuntu from UEFI


Fail to boot after installing amdgpu-pro driver

I installed updates I didn't want to do this because of the quota limit and it finally solved the problem.
It seems one of the packages that I still don't know which was broken and the update replaced it.


Dell XPS 15 9570 - How to control the fans?

I found a solution to my own problem.
To see the fans with lm_sensors
Add dell-smm-hwmon to modules:
sudo su
echo "options dell-smm-hwmon restricted=0 force=1" > /etc/modprobe.d/dell-smm-hwmon.conf
echo "dell-smm-hwmon" > /etc/modules
exit
sudo update-initramfs -u

Reboot, and the fans should be visible with:
sensors
dell_smm-virtual-0
Adapter: Virtual device
fan1:           0 RPM
fan2:           0 RPM

To take over control of your fans
Then follow this guide to install i8kutils:
sudo apt install i8kutils
sudo su
echo "i8k" > /etc/modules
echo "options i8k force=1" > /etc/modprobe.d/i8k.conf
exit

Reboot:
sudo modprobe i8k force=1

Configure i8kutils:
sudo -H gedit /etc/i8kmon.conf

Finally, disable Dell BIOS Fan Control with this program by TomFreudenberg to let i8kutils take over.
git clone https://github.com/TomFreudenberg/dell-bios-fan-control.git
cd dell-bios-fan-control
make
sudo dell-bios-fan-control 0

Simply i8kmon service will be started and will control your fans. You can also disable i8kmon to try ik8fan to manually control your fans (not recommended as you might turn off your fans and they will never be started putting your CPU and GPU danger!).
i8kfan 2 2


With xfce4-notifyd-config I can configure the position and the behaviour of the osd. When I move it somewhere else it works.