XGBoost fails with GLIBCXX_3.4.26 not found error on Ubuntu 18.04

A colleague suggested downgrading to an older version of xgboost. Doing so fixed this issue (using xgboost==1.1.0).
AFAICT this means that the latest versions of xgboost are incompatible with Ubuntu 18.04 because they use a version of the compiler toolchain that is too recent for and unsupported by 18.04.


Where is samba login information stored on a client?

Turns out it's in the keyring for nobody.  Here's how to fix it.

log in as nobody

sudo su -s /bin/bash nobody
show keyring entries for nobody

keyctl show @us

(first entry is the keyring number, following lines are keys)
confirm there is data in keyring

keyctl read [keyring number]
clear keyring

keyctl clear [keyring number]
confirm it worked

keyctl show @us

(should print only one line, no following keys)


You seem to need some Indic fonts. To install them from a terminal window:

sudo apt install fonts-indic


Ubuntu Background Image doesn't stay at photo I want goes to black background

make sure you don't change the directory of the image
If Linux can't find your image path, it shows black on your background


trying to get brother all in one to output PDF files

This issue originates from the fact that scanimage is supposed to only capture single page from the scanner. For scanning multiple pages, there's a scanadf (ADF - automatic document feeder) utility.

The program provided by you, adapted to use scanadf:

#! /bin/sh
set +o noclobber
#
# $1 = scanner device
# $2 = friendly name
#

#
# 100,200,300,400,600
#
resolution=100
device=$1
mkdir -p ~/brscan
if [ "`which usleep 2>/dev/null `" != '' ];then
usleep 100000
else
sleep 0.1
fi
output_file=~/brscan/brscan_"`date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S`"".pnm"
#echo "scan from $2($device) to $output_file"
scanadf --device-name "$device" --resolution $resolution -o "$output_file"_%04d 2>/dev/null
convert -page A4 -density 100 $output_file* "$output_file"".pdf" 2>/dev/null
echo $output_file is created.

I introduced following changes:

changed scanimage to scanadf,
added argument -o "$output_file"_%04d - this will saved scanned pages to files with of format "brscan_CURRENT_DATE.pnm_NUMBER", with number from 1 to how many pages you scan,
added convert program, that will convert and combine scanned files into single PDF file the script from Brother does not do that by default

convert requires having ImageMagick - a free image manipulation software to be installed on your computer to work. Moreover, convert requires additional configuration to allow operations on PDF files, see https://askubuntu.com/a/1081907 for more information on that topic.

This solution is based on notes provided on Brother's support page (https://support.brother.com/g/s/id/linux/en/instruction_scn5.html?lang=en).


I owned such a computer once. The Gigabyte Hybrid EFI is, hands down, the single worst x86/x86-64 EFI implementation I've ever encountered. (Note that I currently own 12 EFI-based computers, and I've used countless more at work.) See this page of mine for details of my experiences with this system.

Overall, my recommendation is to abandon your attempt to use EFI mode on that computer. Re-install Windows in BIOS mode and install Ubuntu in a BIOS-mode dual-boot. That will almost certainly go much more smoothly and be much less likely to cause problems in the future.

If you must use EFI mode for some reason (like if you've got an over-2TiB hard disk), then you should first be aware that the computer doesn't remember its boot options, so you must use a fallback filename on the EFI System Partition (ESP). You can install in either BIOS mode or EFI mode and then install an EFI-mode boot loader using the fallback filename of EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi -- that is, you must copy EFI/ubuntu/ to EFI/BOOT and rename shimx64.efi or grubx64.efi to bootx64.efi in EFI/BOOT. (Alternatively, you can do something equivalent with another boot loader, like ELILO or rEFInd.) See this section of one of my pages for a little more on this approach. Note that if you install in BIOS mode, you'll need to install the boot loader after doing the main installation, and this can be awkward if you're in BIOS mode.

One major caveat is that, if you're dual-booting with Windows, the Gigabyte EFI might favor the Windows boot loader (EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi) over the fallback filename of EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi. If so, you'll need to give your boot manager the Windows boot loader name and configure it to boot the Windows boot loader under another name. Boot Repair can do this in a semi-automated way for GRUB by using an option on the Advanced menu; or the mvrefind command can help out if you use my rEFInd.

The above hoop-jumping is one of the reasons I recommend you abandon an EFI-mode installation on anything using a Gigabyte Hybrid EFI.


Removing Unwanted Wine icon from Launcher

Sometimes wine drops a folder in /usr/share/applications/wine and/or  ~/.local/share/applications/ with a lot of .desktop entries in it. You could check those, if you haven't already.


After change of host and hostname, terminal won't show it

What appears at your command prompt is stored in the variable $PS1. It is generally in the format username@hostname:~$ (depending on your current directory and whether you are root of course).

It sounds like your hostname was changed successfully. I'm not sure why you edited your /etc/hosts file but I doubt it would have achieved what you're thinking it should...

Update: Here is some info on changing your username and home folder

Your options are to create a new user (and have your old home folder contents moved) or rename your old user and home folder.

You won't be able to change your username while logged in under the same account, so you have several options for getting around this:

Sign in as another user (with sudo rights). Create a temporary user if necessary.
Boot into Recovery Mode (hold Shift while booting), go into Advanced options for Ubuntu, select the recovery mode for the latest kernel, then select root (Drop to root shell prompt).
Enable the root account and use that.

There is too much to get into here, so you should read over the content on the following links for details on the exact steps to take. Don't do anything until you feel comfortable with the steps.

How do I change my username?
http://www.ubuntututorials.com/change-username-ubuntu-12-04/
https://www.liberiangeek.net/2012/12/how-to-easily-change-your-username-in-ubuntu-12-10-quantal-quetzal/


Follow the instructions provided at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DebuggingSoundProblems -- most likely it is something simple like muted audio or the wrong output setting.

To start troubleshooting the problem, run ubuntu-bug audio (either from a Terminal or using Alt+F2).


How can you know if executing a program requires root?

Sometime, it's in the code. For example, midway of hwclock.c, you'll find:

if (getuid() == 0)
            permitted = TRUE;
else {
            /* program is designed to run setuid (in some situations) */
            if (set || systohc || adjust) {
                    warnx(_("Sorry, only the superuser can change "
                            "the Hardware Clock."));
[...]

which will change the behavior of the program if you're root or not.

In most other cases, it's implicit; delegated to the kernel. For example, if the program calls the system call that let you reboot the system, it will work only if you are root. If you are not root, you will have a "permission denied" error that the application (if well written) simply reports to you. Or you are trying to delete a file; if you have the right permission on the file to do it, it will succeed; if not, it depends if you are root or not --- when rm calls unlink() the kernel will check permissions.

So no, in principle you can't say just looking at the permission of the executable if the program requires root privileges or not. A lot of programs will require them only for some operation, so it will be really difficult to do something like that. The case of hwclock is one (anyone can read the clock but only root can set it), but there are hundreds of them (kill, rm, cat... )

Then there is the related and interesting world of setuid programs...


Link/merge pictures folder across all users?

You can create a shared folder and set permissions so that all users can access it. For convenience you can also create links in users' home directories to that folder.

Go to /home and make a new directory

sudo mkdir /home/pictures

Then set permissions and ownership to make the folder accessible and writeable by all users (note that this is a security risk - it makes it possible for any user or process to modify the contents of the directory and add or delete content)

sudo chmod 777 /home/pictures
sudo chown nobody /home/pictures

Then add the content as desired.

A more secure method would be to create a group with all real users, for example:

sudo addgroup pictures
sudo adduser user1 user2 pictures

And set the permissions of the /home/pictures directory like this:

sudo chown :pictures /home/pictures
sudo chmod 775 /home/pictures

With these settings, only group members and root will be able to write to the directory, though it will remain readable for guests and other processes (so a program that set your wallpaper would be able to read from it, for example).

Then you can create links to access that folder, or user can create

ln -s /home/pictures /home/user1/Family_pictures

When user1 tries to access Family_pictures they will see the contents of the shared directory,


Tux4Ubuntu temporarily closed down for a while but I'm happy to announce that it's relaunching with an updated 2.0 version in a couple of weeks. But all functionality are already there and ready for installation so you can get it running just as easy as before.

Check it out on the new website at https://tux4ubuntu.org

And please comment bugs/tips etc so it can be even better in the future.


Losing Visual Effects settings after reboot

Hi
Look at thread #5 in this bug, https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-session/+bug/500570 . This solved my issue.
//Stefan


Create Yosemite usb/dvd installer on ubuntu

It is possible. Have a look here for instructions.

Although the steps are for OS X Mavericks, it should also work fine with OS X Yosemite.


No Sound in HTML5 and Google Chrome after update to 13.10

I fixed it. Here is the complete journey:

I tried to install a new version (30.0.1599.114) of Chrome with a deb package.

Installation went O.K. but Chrome still said: Version 24.0.1312.52 in "About Google Chrome). Sound in HTML5 Players still didn't work.

I deleted the ppa. Installed deb package again. Still the same.

Then I moved my profile folder. Restarted Google Chrome and suddenly I had the new version. And HTML5 sound works.

To move the profile folder:

mv ~/.config/google-chrome ~/.config/google-chrome_bak

This will delete all your passwords and favorites etc. But if you have google chrome syncronization you can recover it.


Hardlink or Symlink a portable HDD as Webroot?

you might be better off adding a line for it in the fstab and mounting it in the place you want it. You can read more about how to do this here https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Fstab


Which partition is which? (Installation help)

As suggested in the comments, Ubuntu can't be installed on "Dynamic disks". They can be converted to basic disks using a third-party partition manager.
See this question for more details:Ubuntu installation problem with dynamic disks


My NVidia GPU runs processes that take unreasonable amount of memory

Xorg and gnome-shell run on dgpu when you have performance mode turned on. I had a similar problem before. I went to Nvidia X server settings and there on the PRIME Profiles menu, I set NVIDIA (On demand) instead of NVIDIA (Performance mode). My issue was fixed after a reboot.


Getting headphone to work on 2011 Imac 27"

Try this, it doesn't work for me, but it does work for some people:

sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
Append options snd-hda-intel model=imac27_122 to the file
Reboot


This will show the libraries needed.

ldd /opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/TeamViewer

Does your system lack any of these libraies? Not sure if there is any library compatibility issue.


The screen is grey blank when connecting ubuntu through Windows's remote desktop

It is a bug of xrdp when using it to connect to ubuntu 14.04. See here. The only thing we can do about it now is to wait until xrdp developers show some mercy by starting to think of fixing this bug. Please help me by clicking "this bug affects you" and "subscribe this bug" link of the above launchpad page to increase the bug heat. Thanks.


How to run Firefox inside wine with windows compatible plugins?

Open a terminal (Applications > Accessories > Terminal) and type:

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer

It will ask for your password.

Restart firefox afterwards. (Firefox is installed by default).


S.M.A.R.T. prevents HDD disk going into Standby

You should get a monitoring time greater than your standby timeout. As each request to smart attributes reinit the time out.

If you query your smart attributes every hour, a 15 minutes timeout could occurs.
If you query your smart attributes every hour, a 2 hours timeout never occurs.


You did not specify the guest startup RAM size with the -m option, so the default RAM size is 128M, which is insufficient. For ubuntu-16.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso, the minimum size that works is -m 277. To be safe, add -m 512 to the qemu-system-x86_64 options, it should solve this problem.


Cannot install docker on fresh Ubuntu 17 Server, docker is missing permissions to operate in /var/lib/docker

It could be a AppArmor profile issue. Recheck unfiltered journalctl/dmesg for apparmor messages.

You can find more debug instructions here.


I encounter the same problem and the fonts-powerline package was missing.
A sudo apt-get install fonts-powerline should solve the problem.


This is normal

The LTS versions are supported for 5 years. Over time normal updates accumulate. So if one wants to install version 16.04 in say 2018, that is two years later, one would be faced with a large update immediately after installation.

To avoid this Canonical creates new ISO image with all the updates built in. These are called 16.04.1, 16.04.2, etc.

If you installed 16.04.1 ISO, you got all the updates in the ISO up to that point. Since then you have seen the new updates available window pop up from time to time. If you have kept your system updated either through GUI or via command line, since you installed Ubuntu, then you have all the updates that comes in the new ISO image.

One exception

The new ISO image 16.04.4 includes newer kernel and graphics stack so that it can be installed on newer computers. Since your computer does not have the CPU or GPU that came out yesterday, you probably don't need those.

Though your version of 16.04 uses an older release of kernel, that too is kept updated with security fixes through the normal update process.

So, you don't need 16.04.4.

Just keep your system up to date.

Hope this helps


Problem with partioning my drive [Ubuntu 14.04]

This answer is based on the assumption that you are trying to modify the partition which you are booted off and currently using (/dev/sda1), from what you described. Gparted won't allow you to modify a partition that is mounted and in use.

To modify your /dev/sda partitions you can boot from a live CD or other boot media that has Gparted installed on it (your Ubuntu live media will have it installed already) and perform the same procedure that you mentioned in your question. In theory this should work absolutely fine because the /dev/sda partitions shouldn't be in use.

Before going ahead with this I highly advise to **back up any data that you need** as it may be lost if you do an operation incorrectly when modifying the partitions.

Kind regards,

jkrix


Baloo creates 64GB index, takes half my memory and 25% CPU

I simulated the installation of Dolphin on Ubuntu 19.04 using apt install -s dolphin. I then searched the output for packages containing "baloo":

dkb: ~/Desktop $ grep -i baloo baloo.txt

The output:

Inst libkf5balooengine5 (5.56.0-0ubuntu1 Ubuntu:19.04/disco [amd64])
Inst libkf5baloo5 (5.56.0-0ubuntu1 Ubuntu:19.04/disco [amd64])
Inst baloo-kf5 (5.56.0-0ubuntu1 Ubuntu:19.04/disco [amd64])
Inst libkf5baloowidgets-data (4:18.12.3-0ubuntu1 Ubuntu:19.04/disco [all])
Inst libkf5baloowidgets5 (4:18.12.3-0ubuntu1 Ubuntu:19.04/disco [amd64])
Inst libkf5baloowidgets-bin (4:18.12.3-0ubuntu1 Ubuntu:19.04/disco [amd64])

Installing Dolphin on Ubuntu 19.04 would pull in 100+ packages including the ones listed above. (The last package wouldn't be pulled in if I used --no-install-recommends.) It's fairly safe to conclude that installing Dolphin on your system with or without recommends pulled in baloo.

To verify that baloo is indeed installed when Dolphin is installed, I ran sudo apt install dolphin in a virtual machine of Ubuntu 19.04.

0 upgraded, 181 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 41.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 206 MB of additional disk space will be used.

I went ahead and after the installation was complete but without running Dolphin, I ran pgrep -a baloo and got back the prompt. In other words, baloo wasn't running.

I rebooted and ran pgrep -a baloo again but without running Dolphin:

dkb: ~ $ pgrep -a baloo
1672 baloo_file
dkb: ~ $

Top didn't show any unusual activity probably because there wasn't much for baloo to index. And that is reflected in the size of the index file:

dkb: ~/.local/share/baloo $ ls -al
total 516
drwxrwxr-x  2 dkb dkb   4096 Jun 28 18:05 .
drwx------ 23 dkb dkb   4096 Jun 28 18:11 ..
-rw-rw-r--  1 dkb dkb 516096 Jun 28 18:05 index
-rw-rw-r--  1 dkb dkb   8192 Jun 28 18:06 index-lock
dkb: ~/.local/share/baloo $

I then launched Dolphin (while keeping a terminal window with top running). Again, because there was very little to index, top didn't show any unusual activity and pgrep -a baloo gave the same output as I got after the reboot.

  I still would like to understand

How did I got baloo'd, by installing dolphin maybe?
What does baloo do for me when running gnome?

Baloo was installed as a result of installing Dolphin on my Ubuntu 19.04 (GNOME).
Baloo indexes files and can index file content as well. So, from within Dolphin, you can search for files by their names and you can search for strings within certain files*. In the image below, I've searched for the string sonnet from "Everywhere".

The screenshot has top running on the side.

So, you can use the Dolphin-baloo combination even in a GNOME session. However, by default

baloo doesn't index the contents of dot files and dot folders and the excluded filetypes listed in ~/.config/baloofilerc.
baloo also does not index external media.
If you have a significant number of files that can be indexed, baloo will consume resources quite heavily on its first run (and whenever you add a large number of files that can be indexed at one time).
baloo may gag on certain files or get stuck if its database is corrupted.
Some users limit baloo to only indexing files but not their content. I have baloo do both (but I've added several additional exclusions so as not to overload baloo).

* I don't know your reason for installing Dolphin on Ubuntu and so can't comment further. If you are interested in keeping Dolphin but don't want baloo active, run

balooctl status

On my Kubuntu, it shows me

04:27 PM ~/Desktop $ balooctl status
Baloo File Indexer is running
Indexer state: Idle
Indexed 2323 / 2323 files
Current size of index is 193.11 MiB
06:53 PM ~/Desktop $

Then, run

balooctl disable

Doing so disables the file indexer. And the disabled state survives a reboot on Ubuntu 19.04 (GNOME):

dkb: ~ $ balooctl status
Baloo is currently disabled. To enable, please run balooctl enable
dkb: ~ $

Related reading: Is it safe to disable baloo_file_extractor?

Edit: Here's my ~/.config/baloofilerc in Kubuntu 18.04 ***:

[Basic Settings]
Indexing-Enabled=true

[General]
dbVersion=2
exclude filters=.moc,.pch,*.po,CMakeFiles,*.o,confstat,*.m4,.xsession-errors*,lost+found,.hg,*.part,__pycache__,*.swap,CMakeTmp,*.elc,CVS,libtool,Makefile.am,*.aux,*.lo,cmake_install.cmake,config.status,lzo,moc_*.cpp,ui_*.h,CMakeCache.txt,*.vm*,CMakeTmpQmake,*.rcore,*.pyc,.obj,*.gmo,core-dumps,confdefs.h,autom4te,qrc_*.cpp,conftest,*.rej,.histfile.*,*.class,po,*.tmp,*.la,*.loT,*.orig,.git,*.omf,*~,_darcs,.uic,CTestTestfile.cmake,.svn,.bzr,litmain.sh,*.moc,*.nvram,*.csproj,*.pc,*.jpg,*.png,*.iso.,*.AppImage,*.deb,*.mp4,*.mkv
exclude filters version=2
exclude folders[$e]=$HOME/.cache/,$HOME/.config/,$HOME/.dropbox/,$HOME/.dropbox-dist/,$HOME/.local/,$HOME/.mozilla/,$HOME/.recoll/,$HOME/.themes/,$HOME/.thumbnails/,$HOME/Desktop/,$HOME/Downloads/,$HOME/Dropbox/Screenshots/,$HOME/MyFox/,$HOME/Public/GeanyBackups/
first run=false
folders[$e]=$HOME/
only basic indexing=false

***: I think baloo ignores dot files and dot folders in the version present in Kubuntu 18.04 and so excluding dot files may have been unnecessary!


What sort of error did you get originally?

The new message is referring to the motherboard graphics chipset, see the makers site - you probably need a driver, unless it was a hardware fault in the first place? It's probably just running on a default driver now & complaining about it.

If you go through the initial steps to "report the error" you can see some detail about what that error actually is, which may be helpful.


LibreOffice 4.4.1.2 - Can't install "Help for Offline Use" on Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS

You need to install libreoffice-help package, for example:

sudo apt-get install libreoffice-help-en-us

The help language must be the same as the UI language. To check which is the language of user Interface, go to Tools -> Options -> Language Settings.


Going back to Windows, but don't know how?

If you've overwritten the Windows partition with Ubuntu, there's no way to 'recover' the Windows install.
You will have to reinstall Windows from a Windows CD/DVD.
Reinstalling Windows is outside the scope of this forum, but you'll find plenty of guides on the web.


GParted and Ubuntu installer does not recognize Windows partition, but Ubuntu does

You need to remove the broken GPT.  Run sudo gdisk /dev/sda and use the x command to enter the expert menu, then the z command to zap the GPT.


Left touchpad button doesn't work after upgrade to 12.04

A patch for this issue that I've used before on a particular situation for a specific laptop (can remember the brand):

This ppa provides xserver-xorg-input-synaptics patched to provide support for Clickpads.

available in sergio’s ppa

open a terminal ctrl+alt+t then type:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:sergio91pt/synaptics+clickpads

and after

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

This patch fix the problem with click buttons (located at the bottom of the trackpad), left and right click are ok with it.

A more comprehensive document about Touchpad Synaptics can be found here.


When you say working perfectly, I don't quite understand. Having the audio working from both sounds like it is working perfectly. You can control the volume of either the headphones or speakers separately from the volume control panel.


gnome-shell: High-CPU usage and huge syslog

Ok, it seems to have to do with the gnome-shell extension Taskbar by ttux (there a several extensions with that name). After I have deactivated the extension and restarted the system the cpu usage didn't go up anymore and the log messages don't reappear, too!

(On a side note, if you are looking for a Windows 7 or Windows 10 like Taskbar, try the extension "Dash to Panel" - beautiful stuff)


You don't install a live system, you just boot and use it.   On shutdown, nothing is changed on the computer you used, unless you opted to install it during the live session.
You can use a live system and save data to network drives, even local drives.. but by default a live system runs in memory only, so all changes/saves by default are lost on reboot, unless you navigate & purposely save them to media that isn't in RAM
Also desktop or server; it's still a live system
Ubuntu Server historically wasn't available on live media requiring installation before you could try or use it, it's not available using the great live media that allows you to fix problems using it :)


How do you boot up Ubuntu on Windows from an USB stick?

What you want to do is boot the OS from your computer system's BIOS and leave your current OS untouched. That's easy.

Follow the above instructions, after it's on the USB it's now a "LiveUSB" or "bootable USB".

The OS will then be loaded, if everything is set up correctly, by BIOS and put into your computer's memory/video memory.

It will be the main OS in memory, and Windows will remain on your other media untouched.

You can also optionally do a full install of Ubuntu on a USB stick.


You really should provide more details, but in general these types of problems should be fixed on the router. That is, the router will accept clients, but will only forward traffic for clients on which a user has authenticated. Apache can be used to run the web application that enables the user to log in and then you'll likely use a script that configures iptables to forward traffic all traffic to that web ui.


Not sure if you solved this already but wondering the same thing myself, however...

If you install gnutls:

$ sudo apt-get install gnutls-bin
$ ...
$ Setting up gnutls-bin (3.5.18-1ubuntu1.3)
$ ...

Then if you check the dev package:

$ apt-cache show libgnutls28-dev
$ ...
$ Package: libgnutls28-dev
$ Architecture: amd64
$ Version: 3.5.18-1ubuntu1.3
$ ...

Seems to be up to date with the installed version. I'm not up on the naming scheme but 28 doesn't seem to be behind or anything so might be fine for you. Should be okay for me at least.


Powernap daemon doesn't start with upstart

from the service --status -all command I have found something which can help you.

21369 ?        00:00:00 powernapd

here ? is status of your service and i.e The [ ? ] is drawn for services that do not support the service command. Support for this command is determined by grepping the "Usage" information that is printed when service $SERVICE is run.

so you can not check its status with service powernap status command.


How do I make GDM use the upstream GNOME theme?

According to packages.ubuntu.com, the version of GDM is 3.04.

For 12.04, most, but not all of Gnome 3.4 is available.  Where there were clashes with existing (mostly) canonical supported packages, not all of the gnome 3.4 packages were made available in the repositories.

At the recent UDS, there was some consensus to attempt to get the vast majority of gnome 3.6 into the repositories.  Thus gnome-shell users will get "a better experience".

Until then, you will need to stay with v3.04 GDM unless you use a third-party PPA such as described in the linked question. This will give you a similar login screen.

Linked Question:

How to get the GNOME 3 login manager installed?


Use Ctrl Alt Num Pad to position Windows on Screen not desktop

The same question is discussed here:
How do I restore the Unity 7 Ctrl-Alt-Numpad combination behaviour on Gnome 3?

Basically, what I have tried from this thread (and that worked) is this:

unset the problematical keybindings from gnome:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings move-to-side-n "['disabled']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings move-to-corner-ne "['disabled']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings move-to-side-e "['disabled']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings move-to-corner-se "['disabled']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings move-to-side-s "['disabled']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings move-to-corner-sw "['disabled']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings move-to-side-w "['disabled']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings move-to-corner-nw "['disabled']"

with sw, nw, ne, se for corners, and n, e, s, w for sides.

Then I have tried installing the gnome extension called Put Windows.
Using this extension options (refresh page if you don't see the option button next to the on/off button), I was able to set the correct keybindings I wanted.
If some keybindings still do not work (that was my case for the move-windows-monitor-left/right commands), you can try to install ccsm :

sudo apt install compizconfig-settings-manager

And set the remaining keybindings under the "Window Management" section, in "Grid".


Run in terminal

sudo sed -i 's/quiet splash/quiet splash acpi_osi=/' /etc/default/grub
sudo update-grub

Then reboot. The keys must work.

You will probably need to create a file /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf with this content

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "card0"
    Driver      "intel"
    Option      "Backlight"  "intel_backlight"
    BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection


If you use

sh ./<script>.run

/bin/sh (usually a Bourne shell) will used to run the script. Of course this only works if the script is written for Bourne shell. Sometimes shell scripts for Linux require Bash instead of Bourne shell, so this may not work even if it is a shell script.

If you use

./<script>.run

the kernel looks at the shebang line to find out which program to use to run the program. So this works even if it is a Bash, Perl, Python or some other script.

Thus this is usually the preferred way to run a script.


How to clone entire hard-disk into new one?

This problem was created by an incorrect dd command.
Accurate dd command for disk cloning is:

dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb

sda and sdb point to the hard-disks themselves, which includes the partition table as well. if= points to the input file (in this case, /dev/sda), and of= points to the output file (/dev/sdb).

dd command is time consuming but it is more trusted and also default system tool so I gave priority to dd.

After successful operation, the next step is to restart the system,
then your new hard-disk will look like this:

Here is the second last step, that is also required after dd:
Use Gparted utility to resize the extended partition. The old hard-disk partition table was Legacy boot type and did not support more than 4 primary partitions. Therefore, resizing is the only safe option to use 500GB free-space.

After resizing the extended partition:


Can you download Android applications with Ubuntu?

You could try the method described in the link posted by mchid above. If that doesn't work for you, you could also run Android-x86 in a virtual machine, as described here.


What is the function of the list of loop devices?

The loop devices come from snap packages that you installed, one loop device for each snap package that is installed. If gnome-disk-utility package is installed, ISO images can be mounted as loop devices in Dolphin file manager's left pane under the Devices heading.

If you unmount the loop device of a snap package, the snap application will stop working until the next time you reboot or restart the computer, and then it will resume working normally. The right way to disable/enable a snap in the system is with the command sudo snap disable <name-of-snap-package> and enable a snap with sudo snap enable <name-of-snap-package>. The way to permanently delete a snap loop device is to uninstall the snap with the command sudo snap remove <name-of-snap-package>.


Using PKCS#8 encrypted private keys w/ ssh-agent

Unsetting SSH_AUTH_SOCK is a workaround, but doing so disables ssh-agent, which some people might still want to use.

It seems that ssh-agent can't sign anything with the private key because it doesn't properly decrypt it when automatically adding this key to the keyring.

If one generates the standard id_rsa identity file in ~/.ssh, or stores a private key along with its public key in ~/.ssh, ssh-agent automatically adds this to its keyring. But when doing so, it doesn't prompt for a passphrase, it doesn't ever decrypt the key.

The solution is to add the key manually. Remove all pkcs#8 encrypted keys from the ssh-agent using ssh-add -D and move private+public key files out of ~/.ssh. reboot or ssh-agent -k, then move back your pkcs#8 encrypted PRIVATE key to ~/.ssh. Using ssh-add, one is prompted for the decryption passphrase. ssh-agent can now access the unencrypted private key, and therefore sign stuff with it.

(via Damon Dransfeld)


The issue was resolved after updating my 12.04 to 14.04. It might not be the best answer but it resolved the issue. I just hope there is an easier way to resolve this.


Add winetricks registry key by command line

This is a standard winetricks configuration item:

So, you can do:

$ winetricks videomemorysize=1024
------------------------------------------------------
You are using a 64-bit WINEPREFIX. If you encounter problems, please retest in a clean 32-bit WINEPREFIX before reporting a bug.
------------------------------------------------------
Executing w_do_call videomemorysize=1024
Executing load_videomemorysize 1024
Setting video memory size to 1024
Executing winetricks_early_wine regedit C:\windows\Temp\_videomemorysize=1024\set-video.reg


How to install services that I didn't install at setup

These "services" are called package tasks and are really just predefined sets of packages, like meta packages. You can manage them using the tasksel command. To list available tasks:

$ tasksel --list-tasks | grep server
i server    Basic Ubuntu server
i openssh-server    OpenSSH server
u dns-server    DNS server
u lamp-server   LAMP server
u mail-server   Mail server
u postgresql-server PostgreSQL database
i print-server  Print server
u samba-server  Samba file server
u tomcat-server Tomcat Java server

and to install them:

$ sudo tasksel install lamp-server


Can I set Superuser Inside the Launcher?

You can do this using gksu. Specifically make the launcher run the command:

gksu "bash -c 'echo 1500 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness'"

This will make the script prompt you for your password and then change the brightness.

Another, better, solution that might or might not work depending on your hardware is to use the gnome-settings Daemon to change brightness. This will allow you to change brightness without needing to enter your password.

The command to do it this way is:

gdbus call --session --dest org.gnome.SettingsDaemon --object-path /org/gnome/SettingsDaemon/Power --method org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Power.Screen.SetPercentage 100

You can replace the 100 at the end with any percentage brightness from 0-100.

As I said this might not work in all cases and should only be used when you are logged in.

In order to get these to be runnable from the launcher you will need to make what is called a desktop file. To do this you should make a new file called ~/.local/share/applications/fullbright.desktop and copy paste the following into it.

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Full Brightness
GenericName=Brightness
Comment=Set Full Brightness
Exec=gdbus call --session --dest org.gnome.SettingsDaemon --object-path /org/gnome/SettingsDaemon/Power --method org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Power.Screen.SetPercentage 100
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=checkbox
Categories=Utility;

If the gdbus command does not work on your system replace it with the gksu one.

You should now be able to call this command from the launcher with the name Full Brightness and pin it to your dock like any other program.


Create a new file in /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/

sudo nano /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/FlashTool.policy

and add the lines below:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE policyconfig PUBLIC
 "-//freedesktop//DTD PolicyKit Policy Configuration 1.0//EN"
 "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/PolicyKit/1/policyconfig.dtd">

<policyconfig>

  <action id="org.freedesktop.policykit.pkexec.run-FlashTool">
    <description>Run FlashTool</description>
    <message>Authentication is required to run FlashTool</message>
    <defaults>
      <allow_any>no</allow_any>
      <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive>
      <allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
    </defaults>
    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.path">/home/natasha/FlashTool/FlashTool</annotate>
    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.allow_gui">TRUE</annotate>
  </action>

</policyconfig>

Then create a new file /home/natasha/FlashTool/

nano /home/natasha/FlashTool/flashtool-pkexec

and add the lines below:

#!/bin/sh
pkexec "/home/natasha/FlashTool/FlashTool" "$@"

Use the line below for Exec in your desktop file:

Exec=/home/natasha/FlashTool/flashtool-pkexec

Tested on my system Ubuntu 15.04 GNOME with the following files:

$ cat /usr/share/applications/gedit.root.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Gedit as root
GenericName=Text Editor
X-GNOME-FullName=
Comment=
Exec=gedit-pkexec
Icon=gedit
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=GNOME;System;Filesystem;Settings;
StartupNotify=true
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=gedit

$ cat /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/gedit.policy
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE policyconfig PUBLIC
 "-//freedesktop//DTD PolicyKit Policy Configuration 1.0//EN"
 "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/PolicyKit/1/policyconfig.dtd">

<policyconfig>

  <action id="org.freedesktop.policykit.pkexec.run-FlashTool">
    <description>Run FlashTool</description>
    <message>Authentication is required to run FlashTool</message>
    <defaults>
      <allow_any>no</allow_any>
      <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive>
      <allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
    </defaults>
    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.path">/usr/bin/gedit</annotate>
    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.allow_gui">TRUE</annotate>
  </action>

</policyconfig>

$ cat /usr/bin/gedit-pkexec
#!/bin/sh
pkexec "gedit" "$@"


Why is it on startup it takes me to a terminal login and vty instead of lightdm?

With the symptoms you are describing, I can think of two possible causes.
Display manager not starting
This is the easy one: Try running sudo service lightdm start. If this gives you your regular graphical desktop, we can look into why lightdm isn't started automatically.
Missing desktop environment
If the above didn't help, you are probably missing your desktop environment. Luckily, reinstalling is easy: Run sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop. That will probably prompt to install lots of packages. Allow the installation, wait for it to finish, then reboot.
For future reference: That 'coding screen' is a terminal.


New Ubuntu Upgrade to 14.0.4.2 made some programs not running

There are some new patches available today.  Try running Software Updater again.  After I installed the latest kernel and patches, wine started working again for me.  Perhaps it will help with your other issues too.


where can i download a canon mp640 pixma driver for linux

A quick Google Search gave me this link.


select which network used for internet access

My guess would be, that your static network sets the default gateway. That way, all your internet traffic gets then routed to some other machine without connection to the internet.

Have a look what

route

tells you. If the default gateway is set to s.th. different than your ISP's IP try:

route del default gw
route add default gw <IP of your ISP>

If that doesn't help, it would be useful to know your exact configuration of the two interfaces and the output of route.


Have you enabled sufficent sources of software? Since you want to install Flash via the CLI, you will have to edit your sources.list found here: /etc/apt/sources.list. To do so, you'll have to use sudo and a suitable editor such as nano after backing up the original file:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Read https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu to ensure that the sources you need are included. For example:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu quantal main restricted multiverse universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu quantal-updates main restricted multiverse universe
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu quantal partner
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu quantal main

You can read more here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/CommandLine

Once you've edited sources.list to your satisfaction, you will need to refresh things and make apt aware of the changes by running

sudo apt-get update

You should then be able to install Flash Player with

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer


Fresh Ubuntu UEFI installation won't boot

If you are going to boot using EFI you must have a FAT formatted EFI System Partition (type EF00 ) as the first partition.

The EFI System partition will also be mounted as /boot/efi as long as you leave the "mount other partitions" option selected, you do not need to tell the installer to mount this partition.

GUI tools like 'gparted' and 'partitionmanager' do provide a GUI interface supporting GPT disks.

Having stated that, gdisk should be your preferred tool to help prevent unintentional GUI anomalies.

However 'Gparted - gparted' along with 'KDE Partition Manager - partitionmanager', (amongst others), are great tools to give you a visual depiction of what you actioned in gdisk.

For example, assume that it is /dev/sda and start gdisk with the path to disk:

sudo -i
gdisk /dev/sda

The initial output is a warning if the disk is not a new disk or a disk already using GPT:

GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.8
Partition table scan:
  MBR: MBR only
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: not present
***************************************************************
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format.
THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by typing 'q' if
you don't want to convert your MBR partitions to GPT format!
***************************************************************
Command (? for help):

Type ? and you will see a list of available commands:

Command (? for help):  ?
b   back up GPT data to a file
c   change a partition's name
d   delete a partition
i   show detailed information on a partition
l   list known partition types
n   add a new partition
o   create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT)
p   print the partition table
q   quit without saving changes
r   recovery and transformation options (experts only)
s   sort partitions
t   change a partition's type code
v   verify disk
w   write table to disk and exit
x   extra functionality (experts only)
?   print this menu

To verify that you're working on the disk you think you're working type p

Command (? for help):  p

Disk /dev/sda: 165478400000 sectors, 750 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 0367762F-9C06-4A10-A668-A83554786870
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1654780600000
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 1654777300000 sectors (750 GiB)
Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name

You now need to delete the entire partition table on the disk to be able to set up a new GPT partitioning:

command (? for help):  o

Creating the EFI bootloader partition

Type n to add a new partition and +500M to give the bootloader a size.

Command (? for help):  n
Partition number (1-128, default 1):  1

First sector (34-1654780600000, default = 34) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Information: Moved requested sector from 34 to 2048 in
order to align on 2048-sector boundaries.
Use 'l' on the experts' menu to adjust alignment
Last sector (2048-1654780600000, default = 1654780600000) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:  +500M
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'

By typing L a list of codes will be presented:

Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):  L
0700 Microsoft basic data  0c01 Microsoft reserved    2700 Windows RE
4200 Windows LDM data      4201 Windows LDM metadata  7501 IBM GPFS
7f00 ChromeOS kernel       7f01 ChromeOS root         7f02 ChromeOS reserved
8200 Linux swap            8300 Linux filesystem      8301 Linux reserved
8e00 Linux LVM             a500 FreeBSD disklabel     a501 FreeBSD boot
a502 FreeBSD swap          a503 FreeBSD UFS           a504 FreeBSD ZFS
a505 FreeBSD Vinum/RAID    a800 Apple UFS             a901 NetBSD swap
a902 NetBSD FFS            a903 NetBSD LFS            a904 NetBSD concatenated
a905 NetBSD encrypted      a906 NetBSD RAID           ab00 Apple boot
af00 Apple HFS/HFS+        af01 Apple RAID            af02 Apple RAID offline
af03 Apple label           af04 AppleTV recovery      be00 Solaris boot
bf00 Solaris root          bf01 Solaris /usr & Mac Z  bf02 Solaris swap
bf03 Solaris backup        bf04 Solaris /var          bf05 Solaris /home
bf06 Solaris alternate se  bf07 Solaris Reserved 1    bf08 Solaris Reserved 2
bf09 Solaris Reserved 3    bf0a Solaris Reserved 4    bf0b Solaris Reserved 5
c001 HP-UX data            c002 HP-UX service         ef00 EFI System
ef01 MBR partition scheme  ef02 BIOS boot partition   fd00 Linux RAID

Enter ef00 to make it a UEFI partition:

Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): ef00
Changed system type of partition to 'EFI System'

For create the /, /home, and swap partitions

Type n to add a new partition and +XXXG, to give the partition a size.

Type codes are  8300 Linux filesystem   and 8200 Linux swap.

As gdisk creates partitions not filesystems, you will need to format each of your partions via the terminal:

For the UEFI partition:

sudo -i
mkfs -t vfat /dev/sda1

For the Linux partition:

sudo -i
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdax

For the swap partition:

sudo -i
mkswap /dev/sdax
swapon /dev/sdax

And continue installing with manual partitioning, each partition selected as your destination, do not select the UEFI partition


You should use Boot-Repair. Basically, boot into the Ubuntu USB Live, install boot-repair, and run boot-repair. (Moved into an answer to make it clear for future readers)


There are two ways I know of to get Network Manager to ignore a device:

Mention it in /etc/network/interfaces

Any valid configuration will do. This depends on managed being set to false (or unset) in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf. From the manpage:

[ifupdown]
This section contains ifupdown-specific options and thus only has effect
when using ifupdown plugin.

managed=false | true
    Controls whether interfaces listed in the 'interfaces' file are
    managed by NetworkManager.  If set to true, then interfaces listed
    in /etc/network/interfaces are managed by NetworkManager.
    If set to false, then any interface listed in /etc/network/interfaces
    will be ignored by NetworkManager. Remember that NetworkManager
    controls the default route, so because the interface is ignored,
    NetworkManager may assign the default route to some other interface.
    When the option is missing, false value is taken as default.

So, you can add to /etc/network/interfaces something like:

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet manual

Add it to the list of unmanaged devices

From the manpage:

[keyfile]
This section contains keyfile-specific options and thus only has effect
when using keyfile plugin.
...
unmanaged-devices=mac:<hwaddr>;mac:<hwaddr>;...
    Set devices that should be ignored by NetworkManager when using
    the keyfile plugin. Devices are specified in the following format:
    "mac:<hwaddr>", where <hwaddr> is MAC address of the device to be
    ignored, in hex-digits-and-colons notation. Multiple entries are
    separated by a semicolon. No spaces are allowed in the value.
    Example:
    unmanaged-devices=mac:00:22:68:1c:59:b1;mac:00:1E:65:30:D1:C4

First look up the MAC address:

ifconfig wlan0 | grep -i HWaddr

Here, you'd edit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf. Under a [keyfile] section (add one if it doesn't exist), add:

unmanaged-devices=mac:some-mac-address

The first method depends on the ifupdown plugin being used, and the second depends on the keyfile plugin being used. By default, both are used, and managed is false.

You need to restart Network Manager for changes to the configuration file to take effect (thanks, @rubo77):

sudo service network-manager restart


Allow user and program to use a directory (read/write) outside /home

You can create a folder using sudo and then change the owner to your user.  From the command-line:

cd /
sudo mkdir mendeley
sudo chown myuser:myuser mendeley

Replace myuser with whatever your username is.  That should create the folder /mendeley which is owned by your current user which you can use, any subdirectories or files in that directory will be owned by that user but should remain unencrypted.  Maybe a better folder name would be unencrypted and add a /unencrypted/mendeley subdirectory in there.


Is `printf >&2` equivalent to `echo >&2`?

A redirection like >&2 is a feature of the shell running your script, the program whose output gets redirected is not relevant for it. Yes, if you only ask about the redirection, that’s the same – you don’t have to worry about it unless you change the shell. See your shell‘s manual for details about this feature, e.g. man bash/REDIRECTION for bash.

There’s a nice answer about the differences between echo and printf over on Unix & Linux: Why is printf better than echo?

As for why you can’t search for symbols on AU, see this meta Q&A:
How to search AU for a string containing “$”?


Using Serial Port as a Terminal Interface with VMware?

Try using sudo to run the command,

$ sudo echo hello > /dev/ttys1

or changing the permissions of the device to be readable/writeable by anyone and then running the command as user:

$ sudo chmod a+rw /dev/ttys1
$ echo hello > /dev/ttys1

Note that you may need to run chmod every time the device is created to interact with it as a user.


How to mount from an IP address using NFS?

You are missing a colon (:) after the remote server IP:

sudo mount 192.168.1.126:/exports /local/ubuntu

Assuming the remote server (192.168.1.126) has exported /exports and you are mounting it on /local/ubuntu.

Although, the preferred solution is to add the mount in /etc/fstab so that you do not have to mount it manually everytime. Also nfs provides a whole bunch of options while mounting, these provide more finer control over the mount, look at man 5 nfs.


The default for xbindkeys is to catch Press event. It catches Shift + Shift_L then xdotool generate a key stroke. We get:

Shift + Shift_L + a

Similar to pressing: Shift_R+Shift_L+a (in this order)
These solutions worked for me:

On Press event

"xdotool keyup Shift_L keyup Shift_R key a keydown Shift_R"
    m:0x1 + c:50
    Shift + Shift_L

On Release event

"xdotool keyup Shift_R key a keydown Shift_R"
    Release + m:0x1 + c:50
    Release + Shift + Shift_L

Also it is possible to use small pre-delay but that is not perfect method.

Reference: xbindkeys + xdotool timing problems


Toshiba Satellite M115 sound issue in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

Your computer requires a proprietary driver which you can download here:

http://www.realtek.com.tw/downloads/downloadsView.aspx?Langid=1&PNid=24&PFid=24&Level=4&Conn=3&DownTypeID=3&GetDown=false#2


how to add background image in nautilus 3.4.2

There is no way to set custom background images in Nautilus any more, without doing it via the theme.


Not sure of /etc/crypttab entry on Ubuntu 18.04

Your format is valid for entry in the /etc/crypttab but update your UID to UUID

vgroot-lvswap  UUID="12345678987654321" /dev/urandom swap,offset=1024,cipher=aes-xts-plain64

And also make sure the name vgroot-lvswap is the name you used when you ran sudo cryptsetup luksOpen .... name_of_device_mapper!


Gnome3 Window Decorations Disappeared on Ubuntu 16.04

Install gnome-tweak-tool

sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

In the appearance section, reset GTK+, Icons, Cursor


Can you type vedic accents in LibreOffice?

As far as display in browser is concerned, there could be a way to set bitmap fonts for complex text layout, by which you can view any language font in your browser. It can be done in Opera by ticking the related checkbox in config.


Expo and Workspace shortcut Super + S not working

What you're thinking of is probably Super+W.


what is the difference between these two commands

The default block size for dd is 512 Bytes, with the second command you tell dd to use 1MB block size.

What's block size?

  A block is a unit measuring the number of bytes that are read,
  written, or converted at one time. Command line options can specify a
  different block size for input/reading (ibs) compared to
  output/writing (obs), though the block size (bs) option will override
  both ibs and obs. The default value for both input and output block
  sizes is 512 bytes (the block size of Unix block devices). The count
  option for copying is measured in blocks, as are both the skip count
  for reading and seek count for writing. Conversion operations are also
  affected by the "conversion block size" (cbs).

  For some uses of the dd command, block size may have an effect on
  performance. For example, when recovering data from a hard disk, a
  small block size will generally cause the most bytes to be recovered.
  For greater speed during copy operations, a larger block size may be
  used. When dd is used for network transfers, the block size may have
  an impact on packet size, depending on the network protocol used.

source


Disable “A new version of Sublime Text is available, download now?” in Sublime 3 (stable channel)

According to https://github.com/SublimeTextIssues/Core/issues/1206#issuecomment-221630273 this is one of functions that is removed from evaluation version of Sublime Text.

"update_check": false

in user settings has no effect in an unpaid version.


Clean install of Ubuntu 12.10 not booting

Install BootRepair on a live usb.  It might be able to quickly and easily fix your problem.


Release configuration problem with Synaptic Package Manager

I read again the error you have got. This lead me to read again your question.
It is useless to try to resolve your problem because as soon as you fix it (I wonder if it is really possible), you will encounter several other problems that could never be solved. But why ?
The reason is simple: You can upgrade Ubuntu only to the next version which follows it in the hierarchy of Ubuntu releases. For example: you can upgrade to Ubuntu 14.04 only if you are running Ubuntu 13.10.
You did not precise the version of Ubuntu you are running (10.04 or 10.10). So it will be a long process for you to upgrade to Ubuntu 14.04 because you must upgrade following this schema:

Upgrade Ubuntu 10.04  to Ubuntu 12.04
Upgrade Ubuntu 12.04  to Ubuntu 12.10
Upgrade Ubuntu 12.10  to Ubuntu 13.04
Upgrade Ubuntu 13.04  to Ubuntu 13.10
Upgrade Ubuntu 13.04  to Ubuntu 14.04

You will find more details on this official document.


I ran into this problem a while ago too, and for me the problem was two-fold:

My on-board Intel graphics doesn't recognize my HDMI port; only the internal laptop screen and the VGA port.

Solution:

Turn on the nVidia card in my BIOS.
(Note: Hybrid doesn't work: It needs to be Intel or NVidia)
Install the nVidia drivers

if the HDMI cable is a good one, it needs to be firmly plugged into the port.

Solution:

Push the cable really hard into the slot.


Given your current state, and assuming the amount of free space is what you want to add to Windows, you must:

Move your Ubuntu partition (/dev/sda5) to the right.
Shrink your extended partition (/dev/sda4) to its smallest possible size. (You must shrink it from its left side.)
Grow your Windows partition (/dev/sda2) to fill the free space.

Unfortunately, I know of no tool that lets you resize an already-installed system in as simple a way as the installer did. Also, these operations are not risk-free. Moving the Ubuntu partition is particularly risky, since a lot of data structures will have to be re-written. You might want to grow the Windows partition using Windows tools rather than GParted, since GParted relies on a reverse-engineered understanding of NTFS and might mess things up. To minimize the risks, back up all your important personal files before you begin.

An alternative that's much safer is to create a new partition in the free space. Make it FAT or NTFS and Windows will be able to use it. This is likely to be less convenient, but it has some other advantages. For instance, if you use that new partition to store all your personal files you might want to access from either OS, you can configure Ubuntu to not access the main Windows partition at all. This reduces risks to that partition, since it then becomes much less likely that an errant command in Ubuntu will wipe out Windows, or that a driver bug will do the same. OTOH, the configuration that you'll get from this will be less efficient, since when you're in Windows, the disk's head will have to seek over the Ubuntu partition when accessing both the original Windows partition and your new partition. The sizes also might not be optimal. Nonetheless, it's worth considering this approach. Given your unfamiliarity with the tools, I'd say it's the preferable solution.


Having used any version of Ubuntu I had always resume/suspend issue. But it can depends on diffrenent kind of video card. So If you have hybrid nvidea + intel video card please do the next:

Next you need switch in BIOS on only use Intel video card or read the topic about HybridGraphics
Last thing is using small but working hack with switching graphic mode when laptop suspends and back after it resumes.
To solve problem with brighness control you need use the manual (compizomania.blogspot.com/2014/06/ubuntu-1404linux-mint-17.html)

If you do not use hybrid or optimal video card you are luckier and only one step that you need to do to install proprietary drivers (nvidia (www.binarytides.com/install-nvidia-drivers-ubuntu-14-04), fglrx (help.ubuntu.com/community/BinaryDriverHowto/AMD))


I solved the problem by editing both /etc/init/modemmanager.conf and /etc/init/network-manager.conf via adding a line to them:

kill timeout 1


Indicators do not appear in gnome-flashback session

So it turns out that the Indicator Applet was removed from the panel. If you press Super + Alt and click on the panel, you can Add to Panel... the Indicator Applet, then it will return.


Cannot run Dota 2 because of old OpenGL version

There is no way to get OpenGL 3.1 with Intel's Ironlake. According to Wikipedia the hardware only supports OpenGL 2.1. Don't bother with updates of drivers and mesa.

An external graphics card is probably out of the question, given the mobile CPU, Intel(R) Core(TM) i3 CPU  M 370  @ 2.40GHz.

In short, you need a new gaming rig.


Wine is a Linux application totally independent from Windows. It won't affect Windows at all.

If on the other hand you're talking of WUBI, this is a Windows program that installs Ubuntu like any other Windows program and it can be installed and uninstalled like other Windows programs.


Would Epoptes work in a classroom of Ubuntu 16.04 machines which are in a Windows domain?

Yes it does work, you need to install epoptes-client on each machine and then edit the /etc/hosts file to add the epoptes server as a server with the correct IP address. The ubuntu machine will then be visible to and controlled by the epoptes server.


How to create multiple files with the Terminal?

You can do this with these commands:

mkdir learning_c
cd learning_c
touch bspl{0001..0003}.c

Explanation:

mkdir learning_c

This will create a folder called learning_c in the current folder
The current folder usually is your home folder also called ~
You can change the current directory using the cd command (i.e. cd Desktop)

cd learning_c

Yes, you can guess it, you're entering on the newly created folder

touch bspl{0001..0003}.c

touch is a tool to create empty files and modify timestamps; we're creating empty files.
touch myfile will create an empty file called myfile.
The ugly code that follows (bspl{0001..0003}.c) is called a brace expansion. This is a great feature of the bash shell that allows you to create long lists of arbitrary string combinations. You can learn more about this in the Bash Hackers Wiki. In this case you will be making a long list of parameters that will be passed to touch. You can also use its long equivalent:

touch bspl0001.c bspl0002.c bspl0003.c

You can change the number of files: if you want 12 files, you can run  bspl{0001..0012}.c.
The leading zeros (0012 instead of 12) make sure that the output uses zero-padded 4 digits.


One idea - but will need a bit of work in scripting --- be my guest ;-)

Find a suid/sgid file; let's call it scommand
Check from which package has been installed:

dpkg -S /full/path/to/scommand

Compare its permission with the original deb package, by firstly downloading the package:

apt-get download package

Check if the command should have the suid set in the package with

dpkg -c package*deb | grep /full/path/to/scommand

cleanup, rinse, repeat.

Example:

[romano:~/tmp] % ls -l /bin/passwd
ls: cannot access /bin/passwd: No such file or directory
[romano:~/tmp] 2 % ls -l /usr/bin/passwd
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 47032 Feb 17  2014 /usr/bin/passwd
[romano:~/tmp] % dpkg -S /usr/bin/passwd
passwd: /usr/bin/passwd
[romano:~/tmp] % apt-get download passwd
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main passwd amd64 1:4.1.5.1-1ubuntu9 [755 kB]
Fetched 755 kB in 1s (487 kB/s)
[romano:~/tmp] % dpkg -c passwd*.deb| grep /usr/bin/passwd
-rwsr-xr-x root/root     47032 2014-02-17 03:42 ./usr/bin/passwd

caveat: it can happen that a file is not suid/sgid in the .deb package and that it is changed so by the installation/post-installation scripts. In that case you have to find other ways to check, maybe comparing with a fresh installation.


Recursively list number of files in all deep sub-directories

You could do something like this:

find path/to/topdir1/ -type d -exec sh -c '
  d="$1"; set -- "$d"/*; printf "%s: %d files\n" "$d" "$#"
' sh {} \;

This will print full paths to the subdirectories - if you want the unqualified directory names, change -exec to -execdir. It will include directories in the counts of files.

An alternative might be to use a recursive shell function - note however that this will perform a depth-first search so the order of results may not be what you expect:

#!/bin/sh

_countrecurse() {
  local c=0;
  for f in "$1"/*; do
    if [ -d "$f" ]; then
      _countrecurse "$f";
    else
      c=$(($c+1))
    fi
  done
  printf '%s: %d files\n' "$1" "$c"
}

_countrecurse "$1"

with usage

./countrecurse path/to/topdir1/

This will not include directories in the file counts.


UbuntuOne to external drive automatically

Ubuntu One will only synchronize data in folders which are under your home directory.

You can synchronize other folders than ~/Ubuntu One/ to the service, which are under your home directory, and choose not to synchronize certain ones onto devices which do not have the capacity to store all the data in them, however.


NVidia driver often crash on my Ubuntu 16.04

If you solved the login loop without reinstalling the OS please post your solution. We also had it when preparing Ubuntu 16.04.2 for theano - lasagne. The cocktail that worked for us is to:
 1. switch to Nvidia driver in "additional drivers" (obvious but has to be stated)
 2. follow Theano's installation instructions for Ubuntu. We installed Anaconda rather than the suggested miniconda. Install the dependencied there. Note that Theano itself should be installed following Lasagne guidlines
 3. Follow lasagne installation guidlines, including installation of recent theano pack and not the default for Ubuntu.


How to get Keyboard Light keys working on Macbook?

Add the mactel PPA by following these instructions.

Install packages applesmc-dkms and hid-dkms.

Reboot.

sudo vi /usr/local/bin/keyboard-backlight and add:

#!/bin/bash
VALUE=$(cat /sys/class/leds/smc::kbd_backlight/brightness)
INCREMENT=32
TOTAL=unset

case $1 in
up)
    TOTAL=`expr $VALUE + $INCREMENT`
    ;;
down)
    TOTAL=`expr $VALUE - $INCREMENT`
    ;;
full)
    TOTAL=255
    ;;
off)
    TOTAL=0
    ;;
esac

if [ $TOTAL == unset ]; then
    echo "Please specify up, down, full, or off"
    exit 1
fi

if [ $TOTAL -gt 255 ]; then TOTAL=255; fi
if [ $TOTAL -lt 0 ]; then TOTAL=0; fi
echo $TOTAL > /sys/class/leds/smc::kbd_backlight/brightness

Followed by sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/keyboard-backlight.

sudo visudo and add the line:

your_username_goes_here ALL=NOPASSWD:/usr/local/bin/keyboard-backlight up, /usr/local/bin/keyboard-backlight down

Go to System > Preferences > Keyboard Shortcuts.

Add new shortcuts:

Increase Keyboard Backlight Brightness/sudo keyboard-backlight up and

Decrease Keyboard Backlight Brightness/sudo keyboard-backlight down.

Set each to the correct key by clicking the key mapping box and pressing the key.


Ubuntu 14.04 / Unity- onboard utility (on-screen keyboard) - desktop icon

You can Find "On Board" Desktop file form following location:

/usr/share/applications/:

$ cat /usr/share/applications/onboard.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Onboard
GenericName=Onboard onscreen keyboard
Comment=Flexible onscreen keyboard for GNOME
Exec=onboard
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Accessibility;
#NotShowIn=GNOME;
#NotShowIn=GNOME;Unity;
NoDisplay=false
MimeType=application/x-onboard;
Icon=onboard
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=onboard

Drag It to Launcher!


configuring and authenticating proxy on ubuntu 12.04 terminal

edit /etc/apt/apt.conf to have following entries.

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://yourproxyaddress:proxyport";
Acquire::https::Proxy "http://yourproxyaddress:proxyport";
Acquire::ftp::Proxy "http://yourproxyaddress:proxyport";


How do I restore a swap partition I accidentally deleted?

Just use gparted again to create the additional /dev/sda4 partition, and format it as type "linux swap".
Example:

Here, I deleted the my /dev/sda6 swap partition in the highlighted space:

Right-click on that unallocated space, and click on New; choose type "linux-swap", click on Add:

Apply changes

Right-click on the new swap partition and choose "swapon":

Unless you removed it, the swap entry in /etc/fstab should still be there.

Check from the terminal with: grep swap.*sw /etc/fstab, and you should see a long line like:

UUID=adc15cab-1cd4-4278-9a1d-59016cced6dd none swap sw  0  0

If you do not see such a line, obtain the UUID using sudo blkid | grep swap, and add a line in this format to /etc/fstab.

If you do see such a line, but the UUID does not match what was returned by blkid, then edit fstab to match.  (Note: The line in fstab should not be commented out, i.e., it should not start with #.)

Run free -m to verify the swap partition is active.


404 Errors Trying to Install build-essential

Fixed!

I uninstalled Ubuntu 18.04 that I acquired from the Microsoft Store. And then installed the generic ubuntu one without a version. Did everything else the same with no issues.


How to fix complete Ubuntu 16.04 LTS installation

I'm unfortunately not allowed to post comments.

Try booting with live-USB. If it's the same you have damaged hardware.

If it's GPU that's causing trouble you will notice right away with live session. If it's HDD, a surface test will reveal most problems.


Install Intel onboard graphic driver in Asus K53SV?

Intel HD 3000 drivers come with Ubuntu 11.04, because they are opensource. If you aren't using 11.04, the best way is upgrading to 11.04.


Wine is good but not as pure windows, if you need need softwares that is not supported on Ubuntu why you should use one? Plus you already have windows installed.

But if you want Ubuntu for whatever reason, you can install it alongside windows and use them both, here is the video link, about how to install it.

Ubuntu is pretty good, but Office is not one of the best side of it. Actually Ubuntu is good when you are beginner programmer, or web developer since it is open source and you can understand how everything works.

Although, Ubuntu is one of the best gaming linux distro, but not better then windows, at this point.


How can I copy/paste files via RDP in Kubuntu?

https://gitlab.com/Remmina/Remmina/issues/243 says that shares show up using Remmina when you also enable sound redirection. To recap, here is what you have to do:

Create a Remmina RDP connection to the windows machine
Edit that connection.
Under the Basic tab Choose a share folder
In Advanced tab, change sound to local. Save it and connect

Then the shared folder appears in My computer in windows.
(If it does not appear, trying clicking Refresh).


Little theory. For each device, printer or monitor there is a ICC profile (ICC profile is a set of data that characterizes a color input or output device, or a color space (C) Wiki). As I understand you want to change only monitor settings.

There is a usefull tool for managing ICC profiles, for sure it will help with monitor, check if it can help with printer.

Some of this answers could be useful (especialy if you can deal with german) related topic


Just set

sounddevice sexyal-literal-default

FYI:
http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/documentation/mednafen.html#Core+Features%01Troubleshooting+and+Common+Solutions%01No+sound+output+on+Linux.


Ubuntu does not load after successfull installation

This problem happens to me as well. The way you you fix this problem.

First turn off secure boot and fast boot. and if that doesn’t work proceed to the following steps

1.boot from the Ubuntu disk.
2.Click try Ubuntu.
3.Get Boot repair
4. Run the recommended repair.

If you need better more clear instructions ill give you the link to the help site
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


Resource list errors cannot be fixed , makes me unable to install anything

in your case it seems that you just have to remove the atom source list

sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/atom.list
sudo apt-get update

if you want the atom txt editor to be installed/updated, follow the link: https://launchpad.net/~webupd8team/+archive/ubuntu/atom?field.series_filter=trusty


Adobe is no longer developing the Flash for Firefox on Linux. You’re still getting security updates, but that’s it — your Flash Player plug-in is already several major versions out-of-date.

Linux users can still use the Pepper-based Flash plug-in included with Google Chrome for Linux. This is the only way to get the latest version of Flash on Linux, although the plug-in can be installed separately for Chromium or Firefox.

More Info


You ran e2fsck on the whole drive not on the partition where the filesystem lies.
Also you should note that you should use the same blocksize with badblock than the fs uses.
So to achieve what you want in a much simpler way, you can simply run:
sudo fsck -vck /dev/sdbx

This will run a filesystem check but also check for badblocks and add them to the filesystem.
You can double the c to run sudo fsck -vcck /dev/sdbx instead to force a non-desctructive read-write badblock test.
Don't forget to change the x to the number of your partition. And the b to something else if the drive is attached with a different name.
Assuming your filesystem is ext4 (or ext3 or ext2 ...)


I seem to have stumbled onto the next step.  In the connection manager where it asks for the dialout number, you do not want #777, you want s=2.  No one, not even Verizon knows exactly why this seems too work... but it does. After htis, I was presented with a dialouge box titled "Mobile Broadband Network Password" asking for a password. So far I've tried the SPC (000000) and vzw and the Password and Pin on the account. No Luck. Going to call Verizon later.


How can I swap Left Meta for an arbitrary key (preferably using xkb)?

using xmodmap

I didn't want to use xmodmap, but... it does the trick:

xev to check keycode and function (for me, 49 is masculine-ord, 133 is Super_L).
xmodmap to swap their functions:

xmodmap -e 'keycode 49 = Super_L'
xmodmap -e 'keycode 133 = masculine backslash backslash backslash'

Note that this responds to my keyboard layout, you should check for yours. Also, now the backslash is made with Shift instead of Alt-Gr like before, but didn't make me too long to get used to that.


How can I change Unity Dash to desktop mode

There's a Maximize button at the top left corner of the screen. Have you tried pressing it to unmaximize Unity Dash?


lspci | grep -i nvidia command not working -- To check for cuda compatability

If lspci | grep -i nvidia produces an empty output you don't have a Nvidia GPU connected to your system (or it's broken) which means you can't use CUDA on that system.


How to install LaTeX packages for Tex Live?

If you install TeXLive from the ubuntu repositories (Ubuntu software Center). Then tlmgr isn't installed, because all packages should use the system package management system 'apt-get'. Hence you get the error:
tlmgr: command not found

So you will have to install the package manually:
Download algorithm2e.sty here
Then, go to the folder ~/texmf or ~/.texmf it depends, if it doesn't exist create it:
mkdir ~/texmf

and copy algorithm2e.sty to it. Then run:
sudo texhash

put in root password when requested.
unfortunately, the TexLive packages in Ubuntu are not very often updated so some errors might come up.
The alternative is manually installing the entire TexLive distribution and following the guide you posted.
Hope that helps


How to install Epson L220 scanner on Lubuntu

Typically, Linux should come with most scan drivers out-of-the-box.

If your scanner is actually not working, follow these steps:

Download the Scanner Drivers from Epson.
Extract the deb file from the downloaded archive.
Open a terminal and type sudo dpkg -i </path/to/file.deb>. Hit Enter.
Take whatever steps DPKG deems necessary (usually running sudo apt -f install).

Afterwards, your scanner driver should have been installed.


Not able to install Ubuntu 12.04 using wubi

Donwload Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS 32bit iso image, and after that download wubi installer, place both files in the same folder on your desktop or somewhere else and run wubi.exe with your Internet connection down. Don't forget that you cannot allocate more than 30GB for Ubuntu installation when using wubi installer. It should work fine. You can use wubi installer in the same manner to install inside windows Xubuntu 12.04.4 and also Lubuntu 12.04.4 (better choice for older machines than Ubuntu 12.04.4 which runs in a Gnome session and can create lots of issues after first system upgrade and also after you update your video driver).


How can I resolve a 'Windows Backend: Object has no attribute iso_path' error while installing with Wubi?

Wubi doesn't like the ISO size:

02-22 10:46 DEBUG  Distro:     wrong size: 2119696384 > 900000000

Wubi is designed to install using only a desktop CD ISO (not the DVD ISO) and there is a simplistic check on the size to ensure it's a CD. It has to be between 550MB and 850MB (more or less). You can burn a CD ISO to a DVD and it will work because the ISO doesn't increase in size, but if you create an Ubuntu USB with a CD ISO, Wubi copies the entire USB partition before checking the size. So if you're installing from a USB with a partition > ~850MB then it won't work. It's hard to know exactly since you haven't included more of the log.

In summary: what you've got there is not recognizable as an Ubuntu Desktop CD ISO (even if it is a valid one).

Solution:
Place wubi.exe and the desktop CD ISO (both from the same release) in the same directory and run wubi from there. Make sure you remove any other media (CDs, USBs) first. Or run wubi.exe standalone and it will download the image itself.


What tools can I use to make an emojie service like windows on Linux?

If you are looking for an utility to quickly search for emojis and enter into a text editor/message window, then you can use the characters utility preloaded in Ubuntu.

Open the Application menu by pressing the super key (windows key
on keyboard)

Type characters in the search field and open the utility

Now just click on any character/emoji of your choice and copy and
paste into your editor/message window.

If you are planning to create an application of your own, then you will need to use C lanuguage and GTK+ cross platform to write a GUI application of your own for Ubuntu.
Tutorial for building apps for Ubuntu:

https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/ch01s04.html


Command to view containing folder of an application in Ubuntu

There are three ways to figure this out:

This one is Debian/Ubuntu specific: dpkg -L <package name> and lists all files installed by that package.

But you can also use whereis <cmd> to list all files and folders containing that cmd-name, or to just locate the executable file: which <cmd>. Both these commands work on almost any Linux distro.


"CUNEIFORM SIGN LUGAL" is displayed just as rectangle. How can I fix it?

Under Trusty Tahr here is a nice font package that will allow you to see these characters:

sudo apt-get install ttf-ancient-fonts

I tested this on my own Trusty Tahr installation and below is a screenshot showing success on one page:

and also success on the other:

And hopefully also success on your system :)

Notes:

After Trusty Tahr the package ttf-ancient-fonts becomes a transitional package for the package fonts-ancient-scripts.


Sound Problem after updating Ubuntu 13.04 from 12.10

Which model computer do you have? If you have HP you can install this package.


I think apt-get update && apt-get upgrade is enough for installing AMD drivers as well as updating AMD graphics drivers.

If that is not sufficient to fixed it, then search in the Additional Drivers section, accessible from the Unity dash or from Settings.


Grub will still work for you, all you need to do is give it a new place to store its files (since the original place was on the Ubuntu partition).  Windows machines frequently have several FAT partitions for recovery or tools, any of which will work to store the grub files.  Suppose you have a FAT partition on sda1,  just add a directory "boot" and install grub with that as the  boot-directory. Run the Ubuntu live media, mount the FAT partition in /mnt, so you see /mnt/boot  (make the boot directory now if you haven't already).  Then install grub there

sudo grub-install --boot-directory=/mnt/boot /dev/sda

This should pick up Windows and result in a bootable system.


So I tried recently to remove all packages related to my wirless network adapter:
I checked all the names of drivers related to the network adapter which I could find:
bcm43xx,
b43,
b43legacy,
ssb,
brcm80211,
brcmfmac,
brcmsmac,
bcma
with the command "dpkg --list | grep NAMEOFDRIVER"
I found 2 packages with names corresponding to driver names:
bcmwl-kernel-source,
broadcom-sta-dkms
I checked them with the command "aprpopos" to try making sure it wasn't something else and then removed both with "apt-get purge NAMEOFPACKAGE".
It did help a little for before that I had an issue with the tool "additional driver" tool of the "Software & Updates" program. And so I could use it again to automatically install the driver ("Broadcom 802.11 Linuy STA wireless driver source from bcmwl-kernel-source")
But then I was still stuck with the message "No wifi adapter found" in the wifi settings.
Also, using the "rfkill list" command, I could again get the following output:
0: phy0: Wireless LAN
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
1: brcmwl-0: Wireless LAN
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: yes
So I'm back to the initial issue... still no wifi adapter working. I repeat that the adapter works for it works with my windows partition. Any help welcome, I've been stucked here for a month or so and tried everything I could think of or read of...


One could close all of them with killall gnome-terminal, but that would also close other running gnome-terminals.


It's telling you that you already have another version installed. Try this commands:

sudo apt-get remove --purge synergy

sudo dpkg -i synergy-1.4.15-Linux-i686.deb

This will uninstall the package from the ppa and install the one you downloaded locally.


How to access SD-card within Aquaris E4.5 (Ubuntu edition)?

In File Manager, click the menu in the top right of the screen and choose "Unlock full access". This should ask for your passcode/pin.

Once unlocked swipe up from the bottom to reveal "Places" and you should be able to navigate to the SD Card, which may have an obscure volume label as mine does.


You can do it with: usermod, like this:

usermod -a -G group1,group2 username

Where username is the user you want to modify and group1 and group2 are the new groups you want that user to join. Running the command without the -a argument will remove that user from all groups except group1 and group2.


Have you tried to check whether the device is for some reason blocked by RF-KILL? Is there a physical switch for WiFi on your computer (mine is FnF7 for "airplane mode" which is triggered by default on new Ubuntu installations, every time). Try:

rfkill list all

Also, Make sure you are using

sudo ifconfig wlan0 up
sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid (network) key (passwd)
sudo dhclient wlan0

This is the only way I've been able to (consistently) get WiFi back up and running. If you run the command lshw and see a wireless interface, you know it's at least detected... so you are safe.

*Substitute wlan0 for whatever the name of your wireless device is


Unable to completely uninstall apache2, php, mysql and phpmyadmin

did you see this? maybe get your package names matched up and try these commands.

remove apache, phpmyadmin etc from ubuntu 16.04


Remaped the Tab key to the CAPS LOCK key but CAPS LOCKS still turning on and off?

Try keytouch to remap the keyboard. Worked with my Logitech Access sound controls and Internet/mail access buttons.


How to uninstall package and reinstall to factory/default settings?

Running sudo apt-get purge tomboy will "purge" the package, meaning it will remove it and all of its associated files. The command doesn't work for everything, but, as you said in the comments, it works for this.


After deleting some apps I can't pass the login screen

As it sounds like you have removed Unity (the Desktop Manager), reinstalling Unity should work.

Start your computer, and wait for the login screen.

Don't login in but, enter the tty with Ctrl+Alt+F2

Then login and run:

sudo apt-get install unity-2d
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop-2d
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
sudo apt-get install xserver-xgl
sudo apt-get install emerald
sudo apt-get install compiz-fusion-plugins-extra
sudo apt-get install git compiz-plugins-extra
sudo apt-get install compiz-plugins-extra
sudo apt-get install unity

Then either reboot with:

sudo shutdown -r now

Or return to the login screen and reboot.

It then should hopefully work.

As I am fairly lazy, I sourced the commands from here


update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-28-generic hangs

I reformatted the system and reinstalled from 20.4 LTS DVD. Then I restored from backup the user files.
This was then resubscribed to canonical-liveupdate. The server is now running 5.4.0-29.


You can use lscpu.

someuser@somelaptop:~$ lscpu
Architecture:          i686           # <-- your kernel is 32 bit
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit # <-- your cpu can handle 32 or 64 bit instructions
CPU(s):                4
Thread(s) per core:    2
Core(s) per socket:    2
CPU socket(s):         1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 37
Stepping:              5
CPU MHz:               1199.000
Virtualisation:        VT-x
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              3072K

Further explanation of the Architecture field:

X86, i686, or i386      means you are running a 32 bit kernel.
X86_64 , amd64 , or X64 means you are running a 64 bit kernel.


Chromium Maximizes when I change Workspaces

I confirm this behaviour with Firefox on Ubuntu 12.04 with Unity 2D.

Some relevant bug reports with more info:

Ubuntu Bug #1040174: Windows maximised when switching workspaces
Ubuntu unity-2d Bug #963416: windows maximized after switching workspaces
Ayatana Design Bug #946649: Unity destroys window layout (maximize) on switching workspaces
Ayatana Design Bug #797808: Window auto-maximise functionality should be disabled on monitors with a resolution above 1024 x 600

Try running this command from the terminal for a workaround:

gconftool-2 --set --type bool /apps/metacity/general/auto_maximize_windows false

This is very annoying. If I have several Firefox windows open on one workspace and switch workspaces and switch back again, then suddenly I have all of those windows maximized one behind another, I have to unmaximize them one by one, reposition every one of them once again and remember to never switch workspace or otherwise have the layout ruined once more. It makes the whole idea of having workspaces pretty much useless if I have to clean a mess every time I switch them.


Need help with Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS Server on my Raspberry Pi 3B+

When reading the instructions for the "Classic Ubuntu deb image" for the Raspberry Pi it states:

  The Raspberry Pi 3 does not (yet) work with official Ubuntu images out of the box, but unofficial images are available.

and You are linking to the Booting generic arm64 ISO images.
Does that mean you downloaded the ubuntu-18.04.1-server-arm64.iso and followed all the instructions regarding:

  Create a partition with pi firmware/bootloader files
  Updating the Pi GPU firmware and bootloader files
  Compile U-boot
  Copy the device tree blob
  Copy the ISO contents to the FAT partition
  Booting and installation

I read thru those instruction and even if I have some expereince with Linux/Ubuntu did it not look easy.
When it comes to the boot parameter just look at Grub add boot parameter


How To Unlock VMware For Use With Mac OS X Guests (Enable Mac OS X Virtual Machines)

I downloaded the file (macosx_guest_vmware_7.tar.gz) just to see what it contains (in order to help you :-) ). Did you read the README file? Because, it has very clearly given instructions that you need to do in order to this patch to work.

Anyway, as it (README) says, you have to execute the file called "linux" as a super-user. You can become root by typing sudo -i in your terminal emulator (i.e. gnome-terminal etc.) OR else you can temporally take super-user privileges by typing sudo in terminal emulator.

For an example type sudo ./linux (I assume your current directory contains these files. If not change directories accordingly)

That script will determine your kernel version and automatically execute relevant file. That is, since you have 32bit Linux kernel, the script "linux" will automatically called the "linux_32" script.

After that you are done :-) Hope these instructions will help you... ^_^

P.S.: Make sure no VMs or VMWare Workstation is running while you apply this patch.


Traktor Audio 10 as default output device?

I've the exact same problem. Use the following shell command :

pactl load-module module-detect

Then your device should appear in the output list.


Allow the www-data user to run to run adb and abd with no password:

sudo visudo

Add to the contents of the sudoers file:

User_Alias WWW_USER = www-data
Cmnd_Alias WWW_COMMANDS = /sbin/adb, /sbin/abd
WWW_USER ALL = (ALL) NOPASSWD: WWW_COMMANDS

Save.


The answer for both your questions is MATE DE:

You can install it with sudo apt-get install ubuntu-mate-desktop^.


Turns out this was a Safari issue. When I downloaded the JDK from Oracle, it turns out Safari was uncompressing the file (so it no longer had the .gz ending). Following instructions from this post to stop that default behavior from Safari worked, and the checksum matched :facepalm:


I just looked in the pre processing scripts of flashplugin-installer, and it appears to remove the libraries correctly. Ifflashplugin-installer is still installed you can look in /var/lib/dpkg/info/flashplugin-installer.prerm. to confirm it.

Otherwise, you can run the commands manually:

VARIANTS="iceape iceweasel mozilla firefox xulrunner midbrowser xulrunner-addons"
sudo update-rc.d -f flashplugin-installer remove >/dev/null 2>&1
sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/flashplugin-installer-unpackdir
sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/flashplugin-installer/*
sudo rm -f /var/lib/flashplugin-installer/*
sudo rm -rf /var/cache/flashplugin-installer-unpackdir
sudo rm -rf /var/cache/flashplugin-installer
sudo rm -f /usr/share/ubufox/plugins/libflashplayer.so
sudo rm -f /usr/share/ubufox/plugins/npwrapper.libflashplayer.so
for p in $VARIANTS; do
sudo update-alternatives --quiet --remove "$p-flashplugin" /usr/lib/flashplugin-installer/libflashplayer.so;
done
for p in $VARIANTS; do
sudo update-alternatives --quiet --remove "$p-flashplugin" /var/lib/flashplugin-installer/npwrapper.libflashplayer.so;
done


nvidia-settings won't work properly in Ubuntu 12.04

Your nVidia driver is not correctly installed and that is the reason why the upgrade complains:
It's falling back to the Integrated Graphics... Depending on your processor speed, that one might be slow.

My advice is:

Take a full system back-up using CloneZilla
Remove the nvidia driver:

 sudo apt-get purge nvidia*

Upgrade
Install the nvidia driver again using the Q&A here under 14.04.


After looking around I found out what the answer was. systemd-timedated failed to start because ProtectHome was enabled for the service and there is a bug where the daemon fails to start if either /home or /root is a symlink and ProtectHome is enabled. I simply disabled protect home and restarted the daemon with the following:

sudo sed -i -e 's/^ProtectHome/#&/g' /lib/systemd/system/systemd-timedated.service
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start systemd-timedated.service

Now the time is correct and my location is retained in the system settings.


How can I remove this "Applications" icon which does nothing on clicking either left or right mouse button?

Open Terminal and run

gnome-shell-extension-prefs

This should launch a GUI window which lets you manage your installed GNOME shell extensions. Disable (toggle off) "Applications Menu" extension from there and relogin.

If you are not able to turn that off/on then you should check whether you have turned on Hot corners in Gnome Tweak tool then follow this step.


Unzipping large file: bad zipfile offset (local header sig)

I ran into the same problem - a huge zip file with a lot of files - and unzip choked trying to unpack it. A possible solution is to use java archiver. Just unpack your stuff with jar xvf file.zip


The question is tangentially related to Ubuntu. Based on your post, a more appropriate question would be "How to create a bootable Windows drive from Ubuntu", as that seems to be the problem you are facing.

I am Assuming you no longer have any need for a Ubuntu partition on your hard drive. So, in order to create a proper windows 10 bootable drive you need:

Download a Windows 10 iso image from Microsoft.
In order to create a bootable windows 10 image, we are going to use a program called woeusb.

To install it on Ubuntu you want to add a PPA. Open your terminal and type:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt update
sudo apt install woeusb

Once installed, open woeusb, select the windows 10 image you downloaded on the top part and select the proper usb drive name on the bottom part.
Once the process is completed, boot into your motherboard and select it to boot from the usb drive first, similar as to how you did when you first installed ubuntu on your machine.
Follow the Windows 10 installation steps, which is outside the scope of this forum.

There is no need to worry about uninstalling Ubuntu, as Windows will take care of that, probably by default, or you can make sure to choose the correct options once you are in the process of installing it (again, similarly to you what you did when installing Ubuntu).


How to get temperature indicators in the panel in 14.04

since psensor v1.0.1, the value of the sensors can be displayed in the top bar, see https://wpitchoune.net/psensor/ubuntu.html

You can easily upgrade to a version of psensor including this new feature by using the psensor ppa:

  sudo apt-add-repository ppa:jfi/ppa

  sudo apt-get update

  sudo apt-get install psensor


What's the minimum amount of space I could leave for Windows 10 in a dual boot setup?

Microsoft recently updated the minimum hardware requirements. For updated versions of Windows 10 (1903) they now recommend "32 GB or greater" for both 32bit and 64bit.

I personally recommend at least 50 GB, but that heavily depends on the use case.


This is also possible by using one rename command:

rename 'y/A-B/1-2/' *

Example : the -n switch means "No action: print names of files to be renamed, but don't rename."

$ rename -n 'y/A-B/1-2/' *
rename(A, 1)
rename(B, 2)

Transliteration?

y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsr

Transliterates all occurrences of the characters found in the search list
with the corresponding character in the replacement list. It returns the
number of characters replaced or deleted.

Source


KeePass is a good choice. I've used it in the past on Windows and currently using it on Ubuntu.

Here's also a link to plugin information, which should have options for Firefox and Chrome plugins.


The font size is the font size in the final image, before the zoom factor is applied. So at 25% zoom a 18px font is rendered as 4.5 pixels high (and even less so in practice form common characters).


dpkg --list 'linux-image-*' results in Unknown / Not installed

Before proceeding, compare the output of uname -r (your current running kernel version) with these versions. If you see the same number, then those are not old kernels, but unsigned new kernels so don't delete them!

Otherwise you can delete them using simply:

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-38-generic \
linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-39-generic linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-42-generic

These kernels came from the official repositories:

linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-38-generic,
linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-39-generic,
linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-42-generic.

My personal methods of removing kernels is one of the following:

use apt-get autoremove

sudo apt-get autoremove

use purge-old-kernels from byobu package:

sudo purge-old-kernels

remove non-installed kernels manually (if previous methods fail):

sudo apt-get purge $(dpkg -l | grep 'linux-image-' | grep -v "^ii" | awk '{print $2}')

Note: dpkg --list may truncate its output when the terminal is narrow, so consider to use a redirect to file with dpkg --list 'linux-image-*' > d.txt and then less d.txt


wget and curl somehow modifying bencode file when downloading

Hey so I figure this out with the help of Stack overflow commuinty , Basically te problem was the server was giving me the file in the gzip fomat and i was not uncompromising it. So not a problem with curl or wget at all but my own understanding of what was going on


sysctl: cannot stat /proc.sys/net/ipv4/tcp_frto_response

It seems the parameter has been removed because of the F-RTO refactor. According to the link, newer implementation implements RFC5682.

https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt?id=9b44190dc114c1720b34975b5bfc65aece112ced

Also, the tcp_frto parameter has been changed to accept boolean value (0 or non-0), instead of 0, 1 and 2.


The link provided by you above for Ubuntu 14* and 12* and they have no repository for Ubuntu 15.04 so please to install PHP5.6 in Ubuntu 15.04 add this repositoy:

sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php5-5.6
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y php5

Now check your version with php5 -v


How do I get an Acer Aspire One D270 working?

Oddly enough, Ubuntu 12.04 installed fine on my Acer Aspire One D270 and runs at 1024*600 - though it reports an "unknown" monitor. I installed Google Chrome, and it runs in-window Apple iTunes trailers at 480p very crisp, no stutter or other degradation.

I say "oddly enough" because when I tried to do a similar install on an Asus x101ch, which also has the Atom N2600 chipset, it will ONLY run at 800*600 no matter what I do. I did try an install of Fedora 17, just released, which is SUPPOSED to support the N2600/GMA3600, but while it installed (on the Asus) at 1024*600, I couldn't install Google Chrome at all - kept calling for software that wasn't installed, but a search through the add software program couldn't find it. (I found Fedora 17 much less user friendly, desktop, than Ubuntu, and believe it or not, I actually LIKE Unity on Ubuntu better than the other desktops I have tried (Linux Mint, LXDE, XFCE).)

I wish I could find out what voodo allowed Ubuntu 12.04 to install at 1024*600 on the D270, since I may pick up an N2800 Lenovo S110 while I am overseas and would love to run Ubuntu on it, but not if I'm stuck at 800*600 like on the Asus.

BTW I DON'T think there is software support for any of the advanced features of the GMA 3600, it seems to be running at a simple generic VESA level without any hardware acceleration, but with the dual cores of the N2600 it is ok for simple in-browser video, at least. If anybody wants me to hook up an external DVD player to see if it can play DVD's, or see if it can play h.264 rips of DVD's via Handbrake, let me know.


Sounds like sticking keys problem, sometimes if in one vnc session ALT or Super key was pressed it can stick and any key pressing will be with ALT or Super keys. I had such problem when I worked via vnc with other persons. On the other hand it can be some settings on the vnc server side OS related to the sticking keys settings.


SNAP advisories about future dependency changes

Indeed, the Nextcloud snap bundles everything it needs, including PHP v7.2. v7.2 is still supported and receiving regular updates, and the snap maintainers (disclaimer: that's me) don't typically introduce changes without a reason. However, v7.2 will reach the end of active support in a month, which is probably why the app you mention notes that it will no longer support it soon. It will continue receiving security updates for a good while, but barring any issues, the snap will upgrade to v7.3 soon. You'll receive that update automatically.

In the future, you should directly notify the maintainers of issues like this, for example by logging an issue against the project. You can find the appropriate place by using snap info <snap name>, e.g.:

$ snap info nextcloud
<snip>
contact:   https://github.com/nextcloud/nextcloud-snap


Take a look at Connman (man page) and its Qt GUI.


It seems your windows 8 is not booting

You will need a windows 8 repair disk or usb, or  windows 8 install disk.
Boot from the repair disk, and select the startup repair option
( which says 'fix problems which are preventing windows from startup')
and repair it.
mayble it will fix it.

It could also result in windows writing over the grub, so that you may have to reinstall grub. Boot-repair is an excellent tool for doing this.