Can I change the "Workspace switcher" behavior to be "Window Spread"?

The behaviour of the Workspace switcher launcher is hardcorded into Unity and you can't change it unless you try modifying the source of Unity.

If you want, you can create a new launcher item that lets you use Windows spread by following the answer in this question.

Can Unity display a Launcher icon for Spread Mode?

And, you can try changing the number of workspaces by following this question:

How can I reduce or increase the number of workspaces in Unity?


Dual Monitors: Cannot switch workspace on VGA monitor

--copied the answer from an edit the OP made to their question --

You find the solution here: http://gregcor.com/2011/05/07/fix-dual-monitors-in-gnome-3-aka-my-workspaces-are-broken/

The desired behavior is activated by executing

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.overrides workspaces-only-on-primary false

in a shell.


Verify snap application runs in a container

You can verify the snap confinement mode with the command snap info --verbose , e.g.
snap info --verbose chromium
name:    chromium
...
notes:
...
  confinement:       strict
  devmode:           false
...

List your installed snaps with snap list.


Today Nautilus reverts back to Icon Theme ubuntu-mono-dark although the desktop interface settings is set to Faience-Ocre

Well I found a fix on this. My Ubuntu 12.04 Precise is fairly modified. I installed many packages from Raring 13.04 to install the latest versions of some software. On some occasions I had to build dummy packages to replace official release packages to take care of dependencies. Then I had to block updates of these dummies when I thought these might be upgraded by Ubuntu Updates with my own script.

In addition, Ubuntu Nautilus software is a part of GNOME software. I had to refrain from installing some Raring 13.04 packages because this would break the System Settings --> Updates Available...

After finding some bugs in Nautilus I went to installed a Nautilus 3.4 fork [same version as in Precise] named Nemo which is fully independent of GNOME:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-stable
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install nemo

After logging out and back in, Nemo draws the desktop instead of Nautilus. If you want to continue to use Nautilus for drawing the desktop instead of Nemo, do the following:

Run the following command so Nemo shows up in the Startup Applications list (it's hidden by default):

$ sudo sed -i 's/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/g' /etc/xdg/autostart/nemo-autostart.desktop

At the same time (before the Nemo installation) when right clicking on the background to change desktop background I realized the pop-up as well was affected by the Theme change.

After rebooting the new File Manager Nemo was working well with the Themes I had set in dconf. But to my surprise Nautilus was again working fine with the Themes ...

So maybe it was the Nemo install or maybe I only had to perform a full restart of my Ubuntu 12.04 ... Anyway this rare oddity is solved.


What does it mean that the Ubuntu installation is read-only on mobile devices

The Ubuntu touch images use multiple file systems.  In the standard read only configuration, the root file system is mounted read only, while a number of locations under / are bind mounted to locations on the writeable /userdata file system.

These writeable locations include /var/log, /home, and /opt/click.ubuntu.com, which is why those locations appeared writeable to you.

The full list of locations that are bind mounted to /userdata can be found in the /etc/fstab file.  The list is fairly large, since a number of much of the traditional Linux software included in the images don't expect quite as much of the file system to be read only.

When you switch set the /userdata/.writable_image flag, these locations are still bind mounted to /userdata, but the underlying root file system is also mounted read/write allowing the entire system to be changed.


Why do one need hostname if it has FQDN?

The file /etc/hostname is mainly used to set the hostname at bootup. Now you also could accept the hostname the DNS server pushes out. That's OK in small environments where you can keep records of each single client.
In a big network environment, where you have a lot of different subnets and clients, you normally want the client to push his hostname to the DNS server. Otherwise an admin would have to adopt the DNS entries every time the client gets a new IP address.

/etc/hosts is nowadays mainly used for the localhost lookups which normally also includes the real hostname. As muru already outlined, it might be that your DNS lookup is broken or incorrect and a service or configuration that relies on a DNS lookup of the hostname would fail.


Dell Latitude XT2 wireless driver and touchscreen settings keep reverting

According to Ubuntu bcm43xx documentation you should install firmware-b43-lpphy-installer package and use b43 module. So, first thing to do is to remove firmware-b43-installer and bcmwl-kernel-source packages. For this, give

sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source firmware-b43-installer

command. Then give

sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-lpphy-installer

command. After installing the pacakges, load b43 module by

sudo modprobe b43

command and you wireless card should work. If it does not work after rebooting computer, try to find out whether b43 module is blacklisted or not by looking files in /etc/modprobe.d/ folder. You can try

grep b43 /etc/modprobe.d/*

command. If the output is similar to

/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf:blacklist b43

, open that file

sudo -H gedit /etc/modprobe.d/file_name

and remove blacklist b43 line.


Postfix SASLnot workign on upgrade to 19.10

Solution! Description of issue and solution is here:

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1575424

Quick read: add this line to main.cf:

smtp_sasl_mechanism_filter = login


Why ubuntu is appearing in boot menu even i removed from dual boot

As PonJar said, i pressed the delete button in the first picture instead of 2nd picture. Then a cross sign appears on the left side on ubuntu.Then i restarted and everything works.


Lubuntu Installer Giving Error after Partition creation "YOUR SYSTEM MAY OR MAY NOT BOOT "

The Lubuntu manual page can be found at https://manual.lubuntu.me/stable/1/1.3/installation.html
I won't repeat what's listed there, and I'm writing this as I complete a QA-test install of groovy using today's daily.
I've performed two QA-test installs on this box in the last hour which resulted in the following partitions ; details viewed in KDE Partition Manager

/dev/sda1 fat32 300mb EFI
/dev/sda2 ext4 74gb ext4  (initial full disk install)
/dev/sda3 ext4 45gb ext4  (install alongside testcase)

I'm going to erase that anyway.
Start calamares (the installer used by Lubuntu)
Opt for Manual Partitioning.. and create new partition table (GPT)
Creating partitions looks like

sda1:  EFI

I create a 512MB EFI partition (larger than default; I've had issues on some boxes with smaller so I've increased size since)
Select mount point as /boot/efi
click both BIOS-GRUB & BOOT options in the flag section.

sda2:  /

I create a ext4 partition with rest of disk space (where I'll install to).
Select mount point as /
I click both options available BIOS-GRUB & BOOT in the flag section too

I don't believe I need to select both options for both, but both those options I find easier to remember & work, so I just do that.
Click next, following prompts (giving my username, hostname etc) and reboot when it tells me to.  Eject my thumb-drive when told to, and reboot into my freshly installed Lubuntu groovy system.
I login, test the system & update my QA-test entry report on iso.qa.ubuntu.com.  I'm using groovy as it's useful for a QA-test (a little early for me to be thinking about 20.04.2) but it'll be identical to a focal install.


How can I take a screenshot of an application running in a TTY without framebuffering enabled?

You can use ttyrec

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ttyrec

http://0xcc.net/ttyrec/index.html.en

There are a a few options, look for

ttyrec -u

Which allows you to record to a zip file you can later unzip and should be able to play in a regular terminal later that you can easily take a screenshot of.


Is the 14.04 to 16.04 upgrade safe for Windows dual boot?

The fglrx proprietary AMD graphics drivers are no longer available in Ubuntu 16.04 and have been replaced by the open source radeon and amdgpu drivers. There have been issues with the some wireless adapters in Ubuntu 16.04.

The best way to check if everything works on your hardware in Ubuntu 16.04 is to download the Ubuntu 16.04 iso file from the official Ubuntu website and then make a bootable Ubuntu 16.04 live DVD/USB for testing Ubuntu 16.04. You can make a bootable Ubuntu 16.04 live USB using the built-in Startup Disk Creator application.

An Ubuntu iso is usually considered to have most of the bugs worked out after the first point release has been launched. Ubuntu 16.04.1 point release was released on July 16, 2016. An upgrade to a newer release is always accompanied by a larger element of risk than a fresh install, so you should backup your personal files before upgrading to Ubuntu 16.04.


Mayby try shutting down heavy programs, i also had this problem when running heavy games.
(edit) mayby there is a heavy program running without you knowing it. For more info, please visit this


installing valgrind ./configure fails to produce makefile

This seems to be fixed in Valgrind 3.7.0 and later. If you don't have any particular reason to use such an old version of Valgrind you should probably use the current version (3.10.1).


It should do the trick:

git status | awk '{print $2}' | fgrep -v -f list_to_remove

Which the list_to_remove content is:

loanwolf/requests/models.py
loanwolf/customers/models.py
loanwolf/requests/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/django.po


How to fix this after command sudo apt-get upgrade

Try sudo apt-get upgrade --fix-broken --fix-missing


How do I make OpenVPN activate when not in ceratin network

with network-manager-openvpn-gnome you can solve this problem:

You can configure your network connections to enable a vpn profile if you connect to the network:

it's in german, but you should get a clue where to search ..

open your network configuration where you want to have vpn enabled automatically and on general tab switch on the check mark where it says "connect to vpn automatically when this network is used" and select your pre-defined vpn profile.


Trusty's first login keyboard cheat-sheet: Can I see it again?

Press and hold the Super key for a second. That would display all the default shortcuts available in Unity. In fact, it also lists the shortcut to display all the shortcuts :-)

This also opens the launcher, meaning, the application icons in the sidebar launcher would be numbered and you may press any of the displayed numbers to open the respective application.


I would like to suggest that you check that you have made the file executable

Right click on the script file and select properties. Next click on the permissions tab.


How to completely remove any program and its installation files?

sudo apt-get purge [package]
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get autoremove


Thank you very much for your answer. I have discovered that the installation of Apache server and Apache traffic server, done by someone that looks like he do not know what he is doing. Same goes for me, but before I trouble you with more I will try to solve the basic problems first.


what are linux-image-extra and linux-image-generic?

Although you have to include more details into your question, I will try and guess what your problem is:
Your problem was caused by something different, but I leave this answer as it could eventually help others who might read this post.

I assume you run sudo apt-get upgrade and it tells you it did not install/upgrade the packages linux-image-extra and linux-image-generic.

First of all, those packages are representing the latest kernel available for your system (in easy words). By installing/upgrading them, you install a new kernel version which will be used after the next reboot.

As these kernel updates are major updates and usually need additional dependencies etc. to be taken care of, the normal apt-get upgrade cannot handle them. You need the advanced upgrade command sudo apt-get dist-upgrade to proceed. This should do the kernel update and the warning about not-upgraded packages should disappear.

In your case the error was caused by the lack of enough free space in your /boot partition, which is the place where new kernels get installed. Therefore your question was marked as duplicate of How do I free up more space in /boot?, because you will find detailed answers there on how to solve your problem.


Cross-platform non-ASCII symbols in filenames with TrueCrypt

I had the same problem. Here's how I resolved it.

The truecrypt volume you created was most likely formatted as FAT32. When mounting FAT in Linux default charset is iso8859-1, although long filenames in Windows are stored on disk in Unicode format.

Solution: specify iocharset=utf8 in Truecrypt for Mount options (globally in preferences or for specific volume in advanced options).


Try CTRL+ALT+F7.

If that doesn't work, try typing the following command into the terminal:

unity --restart

This command will restore the Unity interface for Ubuntu and hopefully get you back up and running.

Note: Have you tried using guest mode?


EDIT:
I guess I am not sure what you mean by custom stack and how it should be clobbered? From the programs that i saw on there site it looked like the "command verifier" and that only runs tests based on Chapter 9 of the standards ...
lsusb -v looks like it covers the same information.
As far as I know if it is not detected by lsusb -v or no information is specified in dmesg or kernel debug logs then it is not a recognized usb device and would need a way for the kernel to recognize it. In regards to accessing data and writing to the usb device:
sudo apt-install libusb-dev && firefox file://usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html

If it is enumerated and mounted maybe throw your own tests at the /dev/tty*

screen /dev/ttyACM* for an interactive session.
echo data > /dev/ttyACM* for a start packet?
cat /dev/ttyACM* > somefile to see what kind of data is being sent.
tail -f /dev/ttyUSB0 to actively see bottom of file.
using proc
linux compliance testing
http://linux-usb-test.sourceforge.net/docs/interop-0.1/book1.html
Various libraries and notes
to dump usb-bus


GRUB installation fatal error in Ubuntu 11.10 installation

I got the same error message when I accidentally specified a partition (like you did, /dev/sda7) instead of the drive (/dev/sda).  The bottom line is that you may have to install GRUB in the MBR of /dev/sda and let GRUB manage the booting of Linux and Windows.  The article you referenced mentions this at the bottom.

To do this:

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

I don't think you'll have to update grub, but it can't hurt, since it will simply rebuild grub.cfg and ensure that the Windows OSes are in the GRUB menu.

sudo update-grub


Ubuntu repositories already include (scratch package), but it is a bit outdated:

I post here contents of desktop-files of 16.04 LTS packaged version 1.4 of 2-Dec-11 -

/usr/share/mimelnk/application/x-scratch-project.desktop:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Type=MimeType
MimeType=application/x-scratch-project
Comment=Scratch Application
Comment[es]=Aplicación de Scratch
Icon=scratch.png
Patterns=*.sb;

/usr/share/applications/scratch.desktop:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Exec=scratch %f
Icon=scratch
Terminal=false
Name=Scratch
Comment= Programming system and content development tool
Categories=Application;Education;Development;ComputerScience;
MimeType=application/x-scratch-project

You can modify them according to your paths.


Steam installer will not launch after upgrading Ubuntu 14.04 to 16.04

Try to install it with via Terminal.

Open Unity Dash and find Terminal application, run it.

Download steam deb file:

wget -O ~/steam.deb https://steamcdn-a.akamaihd.net/client/installer/steam.deb

Then, run this command to install it:

sudo dpkg -i ~/steam.deb

It will ask you for your account password (you won't see it as you typing)

If there will be some errors, run sudo apt-get install -f to install missing packages and then steam will be installed automatically. Then just run Steam from Unity Dash or via Terminal: steam.


Even though it is a old question, I am answering for the sake of other people who end up here looking for a solution to a similar question.

I too got the same problem, then I ran gazebo --verbose, then I got an error message saying that another Gazebo process is running.

I then killed the gzserver process by killall gzserver. Then it started working fine.


Typing my network password without keyboard

There are several ways you can do this:

Make network manager remember your password. This is particularly useful if you connect yourself to the same networks.
Use the on-screen keyboard to type the password.
Purchase that hub. By the specifications of Beagle, I would look for one that has its own power source.
Use SSH to connect to the device to type the password.
This a variant of the first, but you could save your password, ESSID, etc. in /etc/networking/interfaces


I got this while updating - "W: Failed to fetch ..... 404 Not Found"

That is a non-existant repository at the moment for 14.04 is not an old End-Of-Life release which has had its repositories archived. To solve the problem edit the file /etc/apt/sources.list and any files in /etc/apt/sources.list.d which have the old- in them (did you edit the files to contain this because this shouldn't be and isn't default?) and edit it out.


How to use usb.modeswtich to turn my 4G dongle from mass storage mode to modem mode?

If we look at /lib/udev/rules.d/40-usb_modeswitch.rules, we see the following rules for Huawei comm devices...
# Generic entry for most Huawei devices, excluding Android phones
ATTRS{idVendor}=="12d1", ATTRS{manufacturer}!="Android", ATTR{bInterfaceNumber}=="00", ATTR{bInterfaceClass}=="08", RUN+="usb_modeswitch '%b/%k'"

# Huawei ME909u-521 (MBIM, dummy config)
ATTR{idVendor}=="12d1", ATTR{idProduct}=="1573", RUN+="usb_modeswitch '/%k'"

# Huawei ME906, ME909 (MBIM, dummy config)
ATTR{idVendor}=="12d1", ATTR{idProduct}=="15c1", RUN+="usb_modeswitch '/%k'"

Your particular Huawei E3372 device is not being seen.
With the Huawei device inserted to your USB port, do lsusb | grep -i 12d1 and you'll find output that includes 12d1:xxxx, and it's the xxxx number that we care about.
Note: If xxxx is either 1573 or 15c1 then stop here. Your system should already recognize your Huawei device.
We need to create a new .rules file in /etc/udev/rules.d/41-huawei_e3372.rules that contains:
# Huawei E3372
ATTR{idVendor}=="12d1", ATTR{idProduct}=="xxxx", RUN+="usb_modeswitch '/%k'"

And changing the xxxx to the number we got from the prior lsusb command.
The file should look like this when you're done...
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42K Apr  2 15:46 41-huawei_e3372.rules

Note: chmod or chown if required.
You probably need to reboot, but if you just try to remove/insert the Huawei device, it may see it without a reboot. You're done.
Note: see man usb_modeswitch_dispatcher for more info.


Why is "http://my.archive.ubuntu.com" very slow?

Was the server my.archive.ubuntu.com working before? It might be a one-time problem that will go away. Try again tomorrow.
Consult with your local community team: http://loco.ubuntu.com/teams/ubuntu-my or http://www.ubuntu.com.my/ -- try sending them an e-mail or in irc (click on the "letter" or "chat bubble" icons under "resources") or even create a new forum topic.
Join #canonical-sysadmin on IRC Freenode: irc://chat.freenode.net/canonical-sysadmin -- say something like: hi, the mirror server my.archive.ubuntu.com is very slow, can you change it to point to some other mirror?

Try other servers Malaysian servers and see which one is adequately fast: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archivemirrors#yui_3_5_1_1_1351080392505_75


Which folders should be scanned for viruses in Ubuntu?

Files to scan are:

Files on a NTFS partition
Files transported to Windows machines (ie. when your Ubuntu is acting as a gateway and services your Windows machines in your network).

If you plan to scan Linux systems: viruscanners use windows definitions to scan files so it is a pretty close to useless activity on Linux systems.

Personal observation: As of today I have yet to encounter a virus on any of the Linux (that would be Ubuntu, Debian, SUSE and Fedora) and Unix (that would be SCO, HP-UX, and AIX) systems I maintain for the past 25 years. I did see plenty of Windows virusses on Windows machines.

It is far better to secure your systems with a GOOD admin password and train users of those systems to not provide their user password when it is asked and not expected. And for the admin to ONLY install software from reliable sources. At the moment the only way to get a virus is when you install it yourself. So make sure you do not. And next to that: always make backups. Make sure those are disconnected from your system and preferably stored elsewhere (as in miles/kilometers; not in a nearby cabinet).

The thing to watch out for on Linux systems is something else, namely rootkits. The tool to use would be Lynis, Chkrootkit, and/or Rkhunter. But if you ever find one of those it is best to start from scratch: purge the system and restore a backup you can verify is untouched and then fix the issue it was caused by.


Ansible showing different version for root and non-root users

pip3 list
Found ansible-base 2.10.3
pip3 uninstall ansible-base
Ran ansible --version on both myself and sudo. Both are 2.9.6 now
ansible --version
ansible 2.9.6
  config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
  configured module search path = ['/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', '/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
  ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/ansible
  executable location = /usr/local/bin/ansible
  python version = 3.8.5 (default, Jul 28 2020, 12:59:40) [GCC 9.3.0]

as root
ansible --version
ansible 2.9.6
  config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
  configured module search path = ['/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', '/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
  ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/ansible
  executable location = /usr/local/bin/ansible
  python version = 3.8.5 (default, Jul 28 2020, 12:59:40) [GCC 9.3.0]


Unable to debug Too Many Open Processes from lsof

I was being affected by this bug. The processes error occurred while launching the software center. Running sudo apt-get install ubuntu-software -f resolved my core issue.


That was in Gnome2, The reference you have mentioned is for gnome-screensaver version 2.15.3.

Even back to Ubuntu 12.04, it contains version 3.4.1! That seems it had been removed. Check newer doc.

Hint: You can use d-feet a D-Bus viewer and debugger. To see/browse all running services and all available methods, signals & properties.


AH00112: Warning: DocumentRoot [/home/rails/testapp/public] does not exist

I noticed that lots of people were commenting on that article with the same problem. What I can see right off the bat is that the directory he created was "rails" inside the user's home directory, which is the first location you tried before moving it to /root/testapp/public

The default permissions keep home directories, including root's, private. This means that although you allow access in the Apache configuration file with the directive Require All Granted, all that does is tell Apache it's ok to serve up the files. But without the right permissions settings on the folders themselves, Apache won't be able to read the directory in order to serve it.

Apache needs both read and execute permissions on the directory, and execute permissions on all directories from there up to root. So, I would move the app back to its original location /home/rails/testapp/public, then run these commands to ensure the permissions are correct:

sudo chmod +x /
sudo chmod +x /home
sudo chmod +x /home/rails
sudo chmod +x /home/rails/testapp
sudo chmod -R +xr /home/rails/testapp/public


Probably you somehow lost ownership of these directories.

Run the command below in a terminal to gain ownership of all files and folders in your home directory recursively:

sudo chown -R $USER: ~


How to map keys on Linux like my Mac machine

Will that be helpful: https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/keyboard-shortcuts-set.html.en?
The article is for 19.10 but it is the same from 18.04 at least.
You can modify existing mappings and create your custome writing a command you want.


kdiff3 will do this ,,,,,you can lode directories and compare to find duplicates and merge or delete .

sudo apt install kdiff3

VINNY VINNY@ https://www.kubuntuforums.net/forum.php


How do I only use my discrete nvidia graphics card (turn off integrated graphics)?

Use this command line to purge the integrated graphics driver:

sudo apt-get --purge remove xserver-xorg-video-nouveau

Warning: This will remove the Nouveau driver completely, if you only wish to switch between Nouveau and NVidia please read https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HybridGraphics


Windows 10 wants to repair "drive errors" on my dual-boot setup

So running chkdsk /f and rebooting twice fixed my sda4 Windows partition, I guess I just was paranoid since the Windows message said it wants to repair "a drive".


How to access the shared folder in Virtual Box?

On your host OS, you create the shared folder by running

VBoxManage sharedfolder add "VM name" --name "sharename" --hostpath "C:\test"

On your guest system, you have to run

mkdir /home/<user>/vboxshare
sudo mount -t vboxsf -o uid=1000,gid=1000 share /home/<user>/vboxshare

VBoxManage can change the settings of a VirtualBox, but if you already have this share created, there's no need to run this command.


What's better for web development Ubuntu-Server or Ubuntu-Desktop?

Ubuntu Desktop is all the bells and whistles of Ubuntu. It has a graphic interface that is easy to use and a great environment. If you never used Ubuntu before I recommend you start with the Desktop operating system. After you get in the swing of things then you can try your hands at Ubuntu Server. Ubuntu Server is stripped of all the graphics and is meant to be controlled via command line. The nice thing about Ubuntu is that you can run it in a Virtual Machine if you wanted to, or install straight on a spare computer you have around the house. It's not resource intensive so you can install it on most desktops and laptops.

To install it locally on your machine you can use a program called Virtual Box created by Oracle. The same people who make Java. Here are the instructions: http://www.beopensource.com/2016/05/how-to-install-Ubuntu-1604-LTS-in-Virtual-Box-VmWare.html

Using this link: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-linux-apache-mysql-php-lamp-stack-on-ubuntu-16-04 you can deploy your very own web server.

Your server files will be located at /var/www/html and are viewable once apache2 is started. If you are doing this locally, then you will need to have the IP address. You can use ip addr in the terminal to view your IP address and then from any browser you can type http://###.###.###/index.html and you can see it.

I also recommend installing phpMyAdmin from this link here: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-secure-phpmyadmin-on-ubuntu-16-04 This will allow you to modify your MySQL databases easily in a web browser.

Using this link: http://linux-sys-adm.com/ubuntu-16.04-lts-how-to-install-and-configure-vsftpd-on-ubuntu/ will allow you to transfer files via SFTP with programs like FileZilla.


Ubuntu 14 go black screen after my video card fail

First reconfigure the driver:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg

If it isn't works, then reinstall following:

sudo apt-get --reinstall install linux-headers-generic xserver-xorg-video-all


problem using apt-get: error 13 access denied

The problem is that you ran apt-get as your normal user, but it requires root privileges. Therefore, you must type sudo apt-get update which will ask you for your own password (don't worry about no characters getting displayed, this is normal. just hit enter when finished). After that it should run without any errors.

If this post helped you, please accept the answer by clicking the green tick next to it. Thank you!


E: Malformed entry 4 in list file /etc/apt/sources.list.d/additional-repositories.list (Component) E: The list of sources could not be read

You need a distribution keyword between ubuntu and stable, e.g.

deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal stable

if you're on 20.04.


If you're running Wubi from a DVD*** then the only option you get now is to either Reboot and boot from the DVD or to use the CD boot helper.

This second option is most likely what you selected and this instructs Wubi to help you boot from the DVD, for people who don't know how or cannot override their BIOS boot order. But this also requires that you leave the DVD in the optical drive when you reboot. If you don't leave it in, you get this error.

What you likely wanted was the now hidden middle option, to Install inside Windows. This is suppressed when you're running Wubi from the DVD and to get it you have to run Wubi with the --force-wubi option. So if your DVD is drive E: then you would go to a command prompt and run E:\wubi.exe --force-wubi.

***I'm saying DVD instead of CD because the ISO doesn't fit on a CD anymore, but it's still referred to as the CD boot helper in Wubi.


The error looks like it's trying to run an external command (that's sort of what subprocess does) and that's breaking.

But why is that breaking? I see no mention of cross-platform support on the Photometric Toolbox website and all the screenshots are for Windows... I would suggest it's trying to run a Windows exe (or some such) and that's exploding (as it would).

I'd punch this back to Lighting Analysts, Inc to confirm.

Not having the library (or the $250 in disposable cash to buy it) I can't really help much more than to say you might be able to convince certain elements to use Wine but this is going to require substantial work for a completely unguaranteed result. I'd pick another library of fold and use it on the platform it works on.


update-alternatives --install says it needs link name path priority?

Are you leaving a space between the -- and the word install? if so, don't - it needs to be --install

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0.05/bin/java 1

The quotes should not be necessary since none of the elements have embedded spaces - although they shouldn't do any harm.


How to install the package ttf-mscorefonts-installer

Just run the installer by:

sudo apt install ttf-mscorefonts-installer

To accept the license simply press Tab key until the 'O.k.' is highlighted and then Return.

In some cases the package ttf-mscorefonts-installer fails to install properly with a message:

E: Failed to fetch http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/arial32.exe HttpError400

In this case after the install finished do the following:

Create a temporary directory and navigate into it:

TMP=$(mktemp -d)
cd "$TMP"

After that you can  use the following command to download all the fonts from their sourceforge location:

awk '/Url/ {system("wget "$2)}' /usr/share/package-data-downloads/ttf-mscorefonts-installer

Now run the updater to install them finally:

sudo /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts "$TMP"/*

All left to do now is to clear out the file telling the system that the install was incomplete.

sudo touch /var/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloads/ttf-mscorefonts-installer

And wrap up behind you, navigating out of the temporary directory and removing it:

cd ..
rm -r "$TMP"

In some cases you need to reboot to get the fonts recognized.

Tested and needed on Ubuntu 15.10, 16.04, 16.10, 17.04, 17.10 and 18.04!


may be partition or DIsk on your system corruption. In this case is /dev/sdc .
please check and turn it out your system or fixed it, and try again. may be solve this problem


How do I stop Chromium from changing tab when a page is loaded?

It turned out the problem was caused by an extension, in this case RiteTag.

The extension somehow makes a page to "blink" as soon as it's open and this leads Chromium to focus on the tab which gets shown as a result.

The solution to this problem is to find out which extension is conflicting with Chromium and disabling (or uninstalling) it.


PROBLEM : when Update my system (in directory).

If software update is running you will not be able to perform sudo apt-get update from terminal. Ubuntu allows only one instance of process to run such as apt-get update, package manager, update manager or software center because those require administrative rights. You should first wait for your update manager to finish it's job or simply close it. Then maybe restart your computer.


How can I install Ubuntu's Ambiance theme in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS?

You can install the light-themes package from the universe repo to get the Ambiance and Radiance themes. To do that, run the following command in Terminal

sudo apt install light-themes

For the icons, the Humanity icon theme should be installed by default. If it's not for some reason, install it by running

sudo apt install humanity-icon-theme

Then you can install (GNOME) Tweaks by running

sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

and use it to switch to your preferred theme.


torrent magnet link applications (ubuntu 14.0)

Run :

gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list

In the resulting Gedit file, change the torrent or Magnet Link files to open with deludge.desktop.
Now look for "x-scheme-handler/magnet", it may not be there but just make sure not to enter duplicates:
The line should look like this:

x-scheme-handler/magnet=deluge.desktop

I have this problem, I added this line to the file and now it is solved.


how to know that a successful upgrade has been completed via command

CLI programs normally use exit codes to specify if the command exited with success or something happened in the middle, apt-get is no exception.

That means that instead of

sudo apt-get install foo

(being foo some package that you want to upgrade manually of even install) you can use

apt-get install foo && echo "Great success!" || echo "OMG do something! Dooooooooomed!"

If the first command fails somewhere with an error, the first one will be executed, else the second one.

Of course you can replace the commands I used in the example with something more practical, such as, eg: mail someone or send a warning to everyone logged in to the computer. Get creative.


Add a database to use with locate command?

I'm sure if you appropriately modified /etc/updatedb.conf that it would accomodate multiple mount points (disks).  In fact, I thought it looked at everything except the paths that were pruned off (contained in the /etc/updatedb.conf).

Thus you could still use the locate command to select the files from the generated database.


sed -i 's|'$fileWithPath'|HAHA|g' file

Single quotes define a string literal. Putting the variable outside the literal allows the shell to expand that part.

Also: if you are going to parse paths, use a delimiter in the sed command that doesn't confuse with the directory delimiter "/".


I use this this in 14.04 in place of what Ubuntu had in /etc/cron.weekly, noting I know my ssd handles trim (even though it was incorrectly blacklisted in 14.04 which never updated it's list to reflect newer drives or updated firmware on older drives.

#!/bin/sh
LOG=/var/log/trim.log
echo "*** $(date -R) ***" >> $LOG
fstrim -v / >> $LOG

Once a week here is fine (- keep in mind the week starts on the the day you installed not Sun. or Mon per se

Log can be found in /var/log named trim.log

To check if ok without waiting for possibly a week run this

sudo run-parts /etc/cron.weekly -v


Yes. You can add new ports with new descriptions to the /etc/services file, and in fact, can change the name of existing ports (however, I don't know what kind of grief that may cause, if any).

Just be sure to use the same line syntax when adding new ports, and I'd recommend keeping them all in numerical order.


If you need to connect from Leopard to Windows 7 i'd suggest to use - OnlineVNC.
 It use Web browser to acces to the VNC Server.

Safari is fully supported. http://www.onlinevnc.com


Reliable UEFI GPT multiboot environment creation for Ubuntu on Thinkpads

First, I think you're overestimating the problems and dangers of EFI. The bricking problem was most prominent with certain Samsung laptops, although I've heard claims that some other EFIs were also affected. In any event, fixes rapidly made their way into Linux kernels, so I doubt if you'll run into such problems with a modern version of Ubuntu. More broadly speaking, although there are lots of buggy EFI implementations, most of them work reasonably well.

Second, be aware of the difference between a boot loader and a boot manager. A boot loader loads an OS kernel into memory and kicks off control to it. A boot manager enables the user to choose which OS to boot, typically via a menu. Many programs, including GRUB, combine both functions into one program; but many others don't, and in fact splitting them up is much more common in EFI than in BIOS. Most EFIs, in fact, provide a primitive boot manager. The Windows boot program is mostly a boot loader, not a boot manager; although it does have boot management capabilities, I have yet to see a coherent description of how to actually configure it to chainload another boot program in EFI mode. (Getting it to do so in BIOS mode is relatively well-documented, by contrast.) In any event, you'll need boot loaders for both OSes. Given all the factors, IMHO it's unwise to attempt to use the Windows boot program as a multi-OS boot manager, at least under EFI. Instead, use GRUB, rEFInd, gummiboot, or even the EFI's built-in boot manager for this job. (See my page on EFI boot loaders and boot managers for my thoughts on several options.)

The main new issues for partitioning for EFI and GPT are that GPT supports up to 128 partitions with no distinction drawn between primary, extended, and logical; and you need an EFI System Partition (ESP) to hold boot loaders. The first of these is an advantage and simplification, not a drawback. The second is a fairly simple new wrinkle on the overall partitioning task. Issues like partition sizing and placement are the same for GPT and MBR, aside from the need to place the ESP on the disk.

Beyond this, I recommend you read up on EFI. Three specific sites I recommend are:

My page on EFI-mode Linux installations
The Ubuntu community wiki on the topic
Adam Williamson's blog entry on how EFI works

Any one of those will help you understand EFI and navigate the EFI waters. Reading all three will help a lot, although you'll glean less new knowledge from each subsequent one you read. The first two are likely to help the most in terms of conveying practical knowledge.


Hardinfo doesn't display anything in the "Sensors" section

Hardinfo uses lm-sensors for the sensors section. To view anything here you need to first install lm-sensors.

sudo apt-get install lm-sensors

After that you will need to set up the sensors:

sudo sensors-detect

Just follow what it says. I always just trust it knows what it's doing and say yes to all the test, etc. Just make sure that you say yes to save it's findings, as it defaults to no. Now restart the sensors service:

  sudo service module-init-tools start

Use the following command to see if it found valid sensors and you can use them:

sensors

Here is what mine said:

sensors
coretemp-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
Core 0:       +30.0°C  (high = +89.0°C, crit = +105.0°C)
Core 2:       +28.0°C  (high = +89.0°C, crit = +105.0°C)

nct6775-isa-0680
Adapter: ISA adapter
Vcore:        +0.95 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +1.74 V)
in1:          +0.75 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +0.00 V)  ALARM
AVCC:         +3.36 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +0.00 V)  ALARM
+3.3V:        +3.36 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +0.00 V)  ALARM
in4:          +1.26 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +0.00 V)  ALARM
in5:          +0.78 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +0.00 V)  ALARM
in6:          +1.05 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +0.00 V)  ALARM
3VSB:         +3.34 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +0.00 V)  ALARM
Vbat:         +3.31 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +0.00 V)  ALARM
fan1:           0 RPM  (min =    0 RPM, div = 2)  ALARM
fan2:           0 RPM  (min =    0 RPM, div = 2)  ALARM
fan3:           0 RPM  (min =    0 RPM, div = 2)  ALARM
fan4:           0 RPM  (div = 2)  ALARM
SYSTIN:       +31.0°C  (high =  +0.0°C, hyst =  +0.0°C)  ALARM  sensor = diode
CPUTIN:       +33.0°C  (high = +80.0°C, hyst = +75.0°C)  sensor = diode
AUXTIN:       +23.5°C  (high = +80.0°C, hyst = +75.0°C)  sensor = thermistor
cpu0_vid:    +2.050 V
intrusion0:  OK

If it didn't find any sensors, it will say:

No sensors found!
Make sure you loaded all the kernel drivers you need.
Try sensors-detect to find out which these are.

If it spits out some values, then you will now see these when running hardinfo. If not, you can try going through the sensors-detect again.

I see that you already installed lm_sensors, but I left that part in for anyone else who happens upon this question.


Apple iPhone 7 - Importing Pictures to Laptop Linux Ubuntu 17.04

First please look at this issue mentioned here, then use this method to try to mount it:

Open a terminal window
Run this command, (it automates the process):

curl -O https://www.signalnine.org/downloads/iphone.sh && so sh iphone.sh && dmesg | grep ipheth && idevicepair pair && ifuse /media/iPhone

Launch nautilus and iphone should be seen the left pane.
Unmount it with:

fusermount -u /media/iPhone/

idevicepair unpair

If you have rooted your phone you can mount the root filesystem with the following command:

ifuse /media/iPhone/ --root

Source:

https://www.signalnine.org/mount-iphone-7-ubuntu-17-04/

WARNING

Don't own an iPhone, so not tested.


How to install a package of another architecture

Looking into this more, I think the error message is at least misleading.

x11proto-dri2-dev is in bionic and later a transitional package for arch all. It is superseded by x11proto-dev.

x11proto-dev, is in bionic and later a package containing headers for arch all.

So following me issuing a non-fulfilling install command, it seems that apt is only handling arch problems sub-optimally. At least I had wished for error messages pointing me to package only being available in architecture all.


Is it possible to have lxtask as the sole task manager and to remove the gnome system monitor?

Yes, this is quite possible. On my Lubuntu system, the gnome-system-monitor package is not even installed.

This is not an "essential" package, even on a Gnome/Unity system, and removing it should have no harmful effects at all. It should not affect any other Gnome software you may run on LXDE, such as the Nautilus file manager.


I cannot install Pepper Flash on Ubuntu 16.04

Enable Canonical Partners repository in System Settings -> Software & Updates, then run in terminal

sudo apt update
sudo apt install adobe-flashplugin

This will install Pepper Flash.

There is no need to use a PPA.


I want to Change ubuntu 14.04 from 64 bit to 32 bit

You will need to reinstall Ubuntu using the 32 bit version, make sure you backup all important data first.


disk drive for /home is not ready yet or not present when loading Ubuntu Server 14.04.2 on VMware

Due to dpb's comment, I checked my /etc/fstab file where I actually added this line of code to the /etc/fstab file:

LABEL=/home /home ext4 defaults,acl 1 2

After I deleted the line and restarted it worked fine.


What is the difference between GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX and GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT in /etc/default/grub

The difference in short black'n'white text:

Options in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX are always effective.
Options in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT are effective ONLY during normal
boot (NOT during recovery mode).

Sources:
    help.ubuntu.com/.../Grub2
 and g-p's answer


WiFi does not work after Ubuntu update 17.10

sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ralink.conf
sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/rt2800pci.conf
sudo dkms remove -m rt3290sta -v 2.6.0.0 --all
sudo sed -i 's/3/2/' /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/*

Reboot

Your device should work fine with the kernel you have with power management disabled for wireless(command #4)
The first 2 commands remove the blacklists on the kernel module and the third command uninstalls the nonworking dkms module


I am unable to update ubuntu 12.04 LTS. Says check internet connection

I have the same issue. Software Updater barely tries and then gives up saying to check my internet connection.

It works fine when I do it from the terminal, as lukibeni suggested.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Updating from the terminal I get consistent 100kB/s down, which isn't broadband speeds, but it clearly works just fine, Software Updater. At least for some subset of users, the software updater tool is mostly broken.

I see another answer (https://askubuntu.com/questions/276191/software-updater-wont-update-says-to-check-internet-ubuntu-12-10?rq=1) about going into the software sources options and changing the server you get updates from. That didn't work for me.


The step by step guide is

git clone https://github.com/Mange/rtl8192eu-linux-driver.git
cd rtl8192eu-linux-driver
sudo dkms add .
sudo dkms install rtl8192eu/1.0


Do work iptables across all users at the same time?

As it turns out, according to waltinator, that iptables affects every user on the system at once.

For those of you looking for a GUI, I recommend going here.


how to create table and paste in libreoffice

Download the OpenOffice extension named Pasteasvalue. Install it in LibreOffice using Tools menu--> Extension Manager.

Now when you copy any table from Calc you can paste it using the Pasteasvalue option from the Edit menu.


Netbeans cannot install plugins directly

I was having a problem getting Plug-Ins to install and NetBeans updates to work on my Netbeans installation (under 64bit Ubuntu 16.04), and finally stumbled across a functional answer from this thead:  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12664874/netbeans-update-fail
Basically, I had to go to Tools --> Plugins --> Settings , select each entry from the left, and click the Edit button on the right and change the URL of each entry from http:// to https://  as shown here:
Settings Tab in Plugins
After doing that, I was able to successfully update everything and install plugins through NetBeans.


Google Chrome not connecting to websites

I got it to work by giving the proxy server information on the command line. For some reason it is not picking the proxy server information from the system wide proxy settings.

google-chrome --proxy-server="proxy:port"


No new mail notification for main icon of Thunderbird in unity-panel

Check for the Thunderbird add-on with the name:

"Messaging Menu and Unity Launcher integration 1.3.1"

If it's there and activated, then check the notification settings in Thunderbird.


How To: Keep running script only when the network (internet connection) is idle?

You can use /proc/net/dev to monitor network activity, something like this:

packets() {
    # Get the number of packets of eth0 device
    cat /proc/net/dev | grep eth0 | cut -f5 -d' ';
}

LAST=$(packets)

while [ true ]; do
    sleep 1;
    PACKS=$(packets)
    DIFF=$(($PACKS-$LAST));
    # I consider idle less than 10 packets per second
    if [ $DIFF -le 10 ]; then
        echo 'Idle!';
    fi
    LAST=$PACKS;
done

The trick here is what you consider idle, since zero traffic is a real world impossibility :)


SSH error when using putty to access MaaS nodes

Please try to check whether the MAAS has been taken out of both the machines using the command

~/.juju/environments/maas.jenv

After doing the above try to use the SSH. It helps to connect.


Internal micrphone is not working in Ubuntu 20.04

From this answer I got the solution. Use the following command couple of times

pulseaudio -k && sudo alsa force-reload

The first part kills pulseaudio, the second reloads ALSA. It works for me perfectly.


Can't install the X-Fi driver from the Creative site

You tried installing the driver release below? Give it up.

The vendor doesn't support it, the community doesn't either and it's horribly outdated. X-Fi support on Linux is a very long and sad story. Be happy with the functionality you get from the community supported drivers or buy another card/device.

Usually there are no bass controls implemented at driver level. Use an equalizer instead. See answers to the following question: Is there any Sound enhancers/equalizer?

From the creative support website:

  Driver

  Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi and X-Fi Titanium Series Linux 32-bit /
  64-bit Driver Source Release

  File size: 68,8 KB Download

  Release date: 6 Nov 08

  File name: XFiDrv_Linux_Public_US_1.00.tar.gz

  This download is a source release driver providing Linux® 32-bit /
  64-bit OS support for Creative Sound Blaster® X-Fi™ and X-Fi Titanium
  series of audio devices. For more details, read the rest of this web
  release note.

  Take note of the following:

  THIS IS AN UNSUPPORTED DRIVER. There is no technical support for this driver.
  We recommend that only experienced users install this driver. Do not install this driver on a system used to perform critical tasks.

  This download is intended for the following audio devices only:

  Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty® Champion Series
  Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Professional Series
  Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Professional Audio
  Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium
  Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Elite Pro
  Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Platinum
  Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Fatal1ty
  Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeGamer
  Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeMusic

  Current release features:

  ALSA PCM Playback
  ALSA Record
  ALSA Mixer

  Known issues:

  External I/O modules are not supported in this driver release.
  Applications from the Installation CD of your Sound Blaster audio device will not work with this driver.

  Requirements:

  Linux x86 / x86_64 OS
  Creative Sound Blaster audio devices listed above

  Notes:

  To install the driver, do the following:

  Download the tarball package onto your local hard disk.
  Un-tarball the downloaded package to unpack its contents.
  Read the README file and follow the instructions.


Resize Boot Partition Next to An Extended Partition

Boot from a live CD to perform the partitioning operations. This is necessary because partitions can't be shrunk or moved while they are mounted. It also reduces the risk of data loss.

Also make sure that you have a backup of everything important before you start. Normally it's pretty safe, but partitioning can sometimes fail and cause data loss. Prepare yourself or continue on your own risk.

Now in GParted from the live CD, shrink sdf5 by moving its left border to the right by the amount you want to grow your root partition.
Then do the same with the extended partition container sdf2 that is enclosing your home partition, so that there is no more unassigned space left inside of it.
After that, you can finally grow the root partition sdf1 by moving its right border to the right until all unpartitioned space is gone.

It shouldn't take that long though. Your home only contains few data and ext4 starts writing near the middle of a partition anyway, unlike FAT or NTFS, so probably it barely as to move any real data there. Growing should also be fairly quick. I'd assume a runtime of many minutes to few hours at most.


running a command for fixed time and getting output in a file

quote from the comments:
the command echo bar takes less than 10 sec to terminate. So timeout is basically doing nothing.So it is writing to file.try some command that run for more than 10s and give a timeout 10 to it.It is then not producing output in file

This implies that you are testing with different commands.
You sadly do not provide the exact command you are trying to run.
Try to run this working example. If it works there is something wrong with your command.
Probably because it does not generate output at all or the output takes longer than the timeout.
foo.sh:
#!/bin/bash
while :
  do
  echo foo;
  sleep 2
done

command:
timeout 10 ./foo.sh > foo.txt

foo.txt:
foo
foo
foo
foo
foo


Error with Wubi Installer- Ubuntu 13.04 desktop

You may have some bad sectors on target HDD.

To check sda1 volume for bad sectors in Linux run fsck -cc /dev/sda1. For drive C: in Windows it should be chkdsk c: /f /r.

IMHO chkdsk way is may be more suitable as it will remap bad blocks on HD drive while Linux fsck simply marks such blocks as unusable in the current file system. Quote from man fsck.ext2

-c This option causes e2fsck to use badblocks(8) program to do a read-only scan of the device in order to find any bad blocks. If any bad blocks are found, they are added to the bad block inode to prevent them from being allocated to a file or directory. If this option is specified twice, then the bad block scan will be done using a non-destructive read-write test

Source: "errno 5 - input/output error" when trying to install


How to get terminator to context menu in 18.04

Install Nautilus-actions in 18.04
Launchpad user Daniel Marynicz has created PPA for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS with Nautilus. Follow those:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:daniel-marynicz/filemanager-actions
sudo apt-get install filemanager-actions-nautilus-extension
but you need use fma-config-tool to launch.
Add action to nautilus

after those steps, in the right-clicked menu it will show 'open in terminator' like this

but it is still inconvenient！
 3. Set action to the top level in menu
open the config of the nautilus

then, deselect "create root ..."

enjoy it


Lenevo P50 - Connecting external monitor through HDMI, OS - Ubuntu 14.04

I used to have this machine, and I encountered a similar problem. Often the external monitor would be slow and occasionally had trouble connecting after hibernation. I updated the kernel(i was not getting automatic updates) and then these problems were magically solved.

I am guessing that you do not want to update to a newer Ubuntu version but you might want to double check you have the latest kernel for 14.04.

How to update kernels:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack#Ubuntu_16.04_LTS_-_Xenial_Xerus


Unified Remote: Bluetooth: Could not connect to SDP

You need to run the bluetooth daemon in compatibility mode to provide deprecated command line interfaces. You're running Bluez5 and you need some Bluez4 functions. You can do this by editing this file

/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.bluez.service
and changing this line

ExecStart=/usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd
to this

ExecStart=/usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd --compat

and then restarting bluetooth like this

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart bluetooth

and you'll also have to change permissions on /var/run/sdp

sudo chmod 777 /var/run/sdp

and finally restart unified remote server


I went ahead and tried the suggestion from Portablejim in the link in my question.

I first deleted the key

sudo apt-key del 16126D3A3E5C1192

I got a response: OK

I updated repository and got no error

sudo apt-get update

And when I ran

sudo apt-key finger

I did get the "Ubuntu Extras Archive Automatic Signing Key"

So I went ahead with the upgrade without adding the key and it went through.


How to check whether someone viewed/copied a video?

Using the terminal, you could check when the last time the video file was accessed, if this is later than the last time you accessed it, there's a chance he has copied it. Of course if you've accessed the file since then, or can't remember when you last accessed it, this won't be very helpful. By access, I mean copy, play or move the file.

In the terminal, use the command:

stat /path/to/video

You'll get output in the following format:

$ stat file
  File: â?~fileâ?T
  Size: 435             Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: 801h/2049d      Inode: 262181      Links: 1
Access: (0755/-rwxr-xr-x)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
Access: 2016-09-12 10:30:01.186634836 +0100
Modify: 2015-10-13 15:18:11.669085522 +0100
Change: 2015-10-13 15:18:11.669085522 +0100
 Birth: -

The information after the Access: line will tell you when it was last accessed.

This method is certainly not foolproof, the access time for the file can be faked, or the system time can be changed for the duration of the file access, then reset to the correct time. It all depends on the skill level of the user that is trying to copy your video. They may not have not have bothered if they were going to blackmail you with it anyway, but there's no way of discerning that information. It's very difficult to track file access without having previously installed an IDS (Intrusion Detection System) such as snort or tripwire.


How do I make the scanner function of my Brother DCP-315CN work?

Thank for the info.  I think the following lines does the job (for the brscan2 package) - Ubuntu 12.04 amd64, Networking DCP-560CN:

sudo cp /usr/lib64/libbrscandec2* /usr/lib

sudo cp /usr/lib64/libbrcolm2* /usr/lib

sudo cp /usr/lib64/sane/libsane-brother2* /usr/lib/sane


How to enable Wayland in Enlightenment session on Ubuntu 20.04?

TL;DR
The most straightforward method is to move the Xsession file from /usr/share/xsessions/ to /usr/share/wayland-sessions/ by:
sudo mv /usr/share/xsessions/enlightenment.desktop /usr/share/wayland-sessions/

Then reboot and select Enlightenment (on Wayland) session in GDM3, SDDM, LightDM to login and check

Details

the needed related libevas1-engines-wayland will be installed automatically as dependency.

According to ArchLinux wiki -

To try the Wayland compositor, enter enlightenment_start

The same is written in /usr/share/doc/enlightenment/README:

NOTE: To enable wayland support (still considered experimental and not for regular end users) use the meson -Dwl=true option. To run enlightenment in wayland mode, just log on on ant vt and run enlightenment_start. If you
wish to debug and see all the output try using something like screen then
attaching to the remote screen session by sshing in etc.

All the sources including Gentoo Wiki say all the same about non-stable nature of E17 on Wayland:

At the time of writing (28 Sept 2020) Enlightenment with Wayland session is not considered stable for everyday use.


Can you try using evtest in terminal first? After that

sudo apt-get install evtest

and then select the USB device. This will get the raw USB input.
I like this idea and I want to remap the keyboard via MIDI signal and patchbank/encryptions to prevent keyloggers.

It may have something to do with the IRQ interrupt request for keyboard input.


Go to System Settings > Hardware > Displays
There you can set anything related to display resolution, orientation, placement related to each other, "next to each other"/"clones", etc...


If your PC doesn't detect the old HDD then you have a hardware problem.
Either the enclosure or the HDD is defective or you haven't plugged it in properly.
Go through the usual exclusion process: check all cables, try a different (known working) HDD, try a different enclosure, try connecting the HDD directly to the mainboard.


How does using the tilde work as a shortcut to my home directory?

~ is your home directory.

~foo is the home directory of user foo, if such a user exists, or just a directory named ~foo, if that user doesn't exist.

Hence, in:

scp ~Desktop/Volenteer.png     jay@server.ip:~j0h/b

~Desktop will expand to home directory of user Desktop, if such a user exists (and it usually does not), or be just ~Desktop (a path which usually does not exist either).

In:

scp ~/Desktop/Volenteer.png     jay@server.ip:~/j0h/b

~/j0h will expand to a directory named j0h in jay's home directory, which, again, is unlikely to exist.

It's not ~ and ~/ where the difference occurs, but in ~ and ~foo.

Additionally, ~ can also be used for directory history navigation:

~- is the previous working directory (like $OLDPWD)
~+ is the current working directory (like $PWD)

This is not applicable to scp, since you don't get to change directories in the middle of an scp operation.

And if you use pushd and popd to maintain a directory stack, ~N and ~+N would be the N th directory in the directory stack, as seen in the output of dirs. ~-N would be the N th directory from the end (counting from zero, in both cases). For example:

$ for i in etc usr var tmp; do pushd /$i; done
/etc ~/.vim
/usr /etc ~/.vim
/var /usr /etc ~/.vim
/tmp /var /usr /etc ~/.vim

$ dirs
/tmp /var /usr /etc ~/.vim

Then, the directories in the stack can be accessed using:

/tmp /var /usr /etc ~/.vim
  ~0   ~1   ~2   ~3     ~4
 ~+0  ~+1  ~+2  ~+3    ~+4
 ~-4  ~-3  ~-2  ~-1    ~-0
  ~+   ~-


Using a 14.04 LTS image with Startup Disk Creator in 15.10 worked. Really strange that the massive issues with the Startup Disk Creator aren't being looked at more seriously.


Set up those partitions so they are mounted to you in the fstab file all the time. You can do this by creating an entry in fstab for that filesystem.

You have to know either the path (e.g. /dev/sda3, the UUID (e.g. UUID=1C77E534564D900) or a name you assign to it (with e2label)

You then add an entry into the /etc/fstab for the partition assigning ownership to you).

Here is an example of a partition (in this case an ntfs partition) that I set up:

Using UUID:

UUID=1C77E51312345900 /home/joe/Libraries   ntfs-3g fs-name=Library,x-gvfs-symbolic-icon=Library   ,permissions,nosuid,nodev,noexec,uid=1001,gid=1001,rw,umask=22,dmask=27,fmask=137    0   0

Using Previously assigned name:

LABEL=Library  /home/joe/Libraries  ntfs-3g fs-name=Library,x-gvfs-symbolic-icon=Library,permissions,nosuid,nodev,uid=1001,gid=1001,rw,dmask=27,fmask=137   0   0

/swapfile   none    swap    sw  0   0

Note, you use one or the other.

Note: The uid and gid are the numbers for my user name in  the /etc/passwd and /etc/group files

Note: /home/joe/Libraries is a directory you create. Use any name you want but it has to match the path in the fstab entry.


Sometimes left mouse button acting like right, and coursor moving without input

Solution

Edit: Updated, as I incorrectly assumed that psmouse kernel module provides support for legacy mouses. In fact, this is touchpad support. Currently, i'am testing if update to 14.10 fixes problem with this module to get touchpad to work also ( i didn't noticed that it was not working earlier)

It appears that kernel module psmouse providing touchpad  support was interfering with mouse for unidentified reason.

Unload module to restore normal mouse behavior:

gniewomir@gniewomir-ThinkPad-T420:~$ sudo modprobe -r psmouse

Prevent module from loading:

gniewomir@gniewomir-ThinkPad-T420:~$ sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Add line:

blacklist psmouse

Then:

gniewomir@gniewomir-ThinkPad-T420:~$ sudo update-initramfs -u

Reboot and we are done.


Ubuntu 13.04 alongside Windows 8 - How to partition from Windows

Initially, you have to free space on your hard drive. Right-click the C: partition and choose Resize option. I recommend you to free 50+ GB. Then you should add 3 new partitions: swap, Ubuntu and home. Simply right-click on free space and choose appropriate option to do this.

Swap usually takes the exact amount of your RAM and has purposes similar to Windows swap, but you're permitted to make it of any size, depending on how hard your computer is loaded. Big swap can help you run more applications when you have small RAM, but slows performance. Ubuntu partition is the system partition. It contains the kernel, boot files, GNU executables and related stuff. For most cases it should be about 20 GB, but 10 GB is enough too if you not plan to install many packages. And the remaining space (~20 GB) you can give to home partition which is analog of user's folder in Windows.

After you install Ubuntu, you can add some symbolic links pointing to your music, pictures and videos on Windows partition from the home folder for convenience and salvation of free space.


Kubuntu: Second monitor not detected correctly

I unchecked the "Enabled" checkbox under "System Settings -> Hardware -> Display and Monitor -> Display Configuration" for one monitor and after rechecking it, the monitor reappeared next to the other one. So it's working again now.


Toshiba A200 very low volume on Lubuntu 14.04

From your audio setting, and change the

Phone Duplex (HSP/HFP)

to

High Fidelity Playback (A2DP)


apt-get update fails complaining about architecture 1386

Didn't you just misread/mistype the command and added an "1386" architecture instead of an "i386"? If so you should be able to remove that architecture with

sudo sudo dpkg --remove-architecture 1386

and then add the proper i386 architecture:

sudo sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

(this architecture is possibly already there anyway)


How do you copy/paste between Mac OSX and UbuntuServer 14.04 inside VirtualBox

Since you as well asked how to do it the cool way (ssh) I'll cover that, only thing for you to find out is how to get ssh on your MAC since I have never touched and never will touch one.

1. Preparation:

Open virtualbox and go into the preferences via menu, go to the network tab and click on the little plus icon under host only networks, this will add an adapter called vboxnet0.

After you have done that enter the preferences of the VM itself and switch there to the network tab and click on port forwarding on Adapter 1 and enter after a click on the plus sign your credentials like shown in the pictures below.

NOTE: You can SSH directly from your Mac OS X system to your VM system if it's NAT'd and on the same system; You don't need to configure Port Forwarding unless you want systems outside of the system running VM to reach the system. (included from comment as I never had or will never own a MAC i cant check on that, for an Ubuntu host it is definitively needed).

After that you go to the Adapter 2tab and enable this adapter and set it to be attached to the host only adapter named vboxnet0.

2. Logging in:

As i already said I have never touched a max but i assume the commands should be the same or near same so I will put here the commands used on an Ubuntu host to give you a lead on. To log in to your VM you start it in --headless mode in terminal (I leave the Kali-Linux in but you should replace that with your VM's name):

vboxmanage startvm "Kali-Linux" --type headless

Now wait a moment your VM still need to boot up even if it shows no window then log into it with:

ssh -l <user-name> localhost -p 2222

You will then be prompted for the user password on your VM and after that logged in, now the lines you see in your terminal are lines you see and type in your VM.

To shutdown you have two options I prefer mostly the first.

shutdown from within the VM

shutdown -h 1
logout

shutdown from terminal

logout
vboxmanage controlvm "Kali-Linux" poweroff


pppeoconf writes directly to /etc/interfaces, and network-manager doesn't like that.

Interfaces in /etc/network/interfaces are no longer controlled by network-manager.
You could change 'managed' to 'true' in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf file, but for some reason I forgot it's not recommended.

I'd remove the entries from  /etc/interfaces and use network-manager to create the connection.


trouble installing MySQL on Ubuntu 15.04

/var/lib/dpkg/info/mysql-server-5.6.postinst: line 210: logger: command not found

That is your error.  The postinst script calls logger which will output something to syslog.

Make sure it's installed first - sudo apt-get install bsdutils


How does ubuntu find the app name on desktop search?

Edit the Keywords field in the .desktop file. For example, in the .desktop file of Foliate ebook reader it is
Keywords=Ebook;Book;EPUB;Viewer;Reader;

Foliate would show up when one searches for any of these in the menu/searchbar.


On the Ubuntu's plymouth wiki page, you need to remove splash from the kernel command line in grub.

Toggling to Traditional Text-based Boot

If you want to see the text-based boot messages (which use the Plymouth "details" plugin, press the ESCAPE key at any point when Plymouth is running. Note that the ESCAPE key acts as a toggle, so you can keep switching between graphical and text mode as required.

To have the boot start in "text mode" as early as possible, remove "splash" from the kernel command-line in grub.

To make the change permanent, update /etc/default/grub and run "sudo update-grub".

Updating the grub configuration manually is a potentially dangerous operation and can result in a machine that fails to boot without intervention. Do not attempt it unless you understand exactly what you are doing.

And try install the plymouth text theme from the ubuntu repositories.


I think the best answer to this problem is going to be "Upgrade to 12.04." If you want to install and use gnome-shell, and other newer applications, it's best to upgrade to the newer version of Ubuntu, which already has most everything you want. While the PPA is installable on Oneiric, it will break other default applications on the system, which are not designed to work with the newer versions, as they weren't part of Ubuntu at the time. If it's just the newer versions of glib and gtk+ which are necessary, then it's probably best if the PPA owner copied those packages to his PPA, rather than telling you to add other PPAs. How did he even get the package built in his PPA, if it requires newer versions which aren't in it? Sounds like the PPA and that gimp package is broken, as it apparently isn't depending on the newer versions.

As an alternative, you could create your own PPA on Launchpad, copy the glib/gtk+ packages in from the gnome3 PPA, then copy the gimp in from this PPA and have it rebuild against the new glib/gtk+ once they are in your PPA and published. Then simply add your own PPA and upgrade from there. You could also set up daily builds of the new GIMP trunk code, but that is a bit more involved.


How to configure alpine for ionos mail using the .pinerc file?

the inbox seems to be:
inbox-path={imap.ionos.com:993/ssl/user=foo@bar.baz}INBOX

And:
smtp-server=smtp.ionos.com:587/tls/user=foo@bar.baz

it seems to work, but I'm not quite sure that's fully correct.


64 bit chrome doesn't work on ubuntu 14.0.4 64 bit

If you want to use proxy in Chrome you have to change whole system proxy ! on Settings > Network > Network Proxy
change settings here you will get the effects in Chrome. done


You can do

snap remove --purge libreoffice

This will Remove the snap without saving a snapshot of its data according to the man page of snap


Multi-Seat with Kubuntu 17.10 / Artful (systemd, sddm, KDE)

Before starting

Backup your system and/or etc
Install openssh-server and make sure you can login from another PC in case your local login doesn't work
disable automatic start of display manager: sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target
think about a good name for your seats. Conventions says it has to start with seat-. I choose seat-tv.

Set-up udev rules

read about udev rules here https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E37670_01/E41138/html/ch07s03.html http://www.reactivated.net/writing_udev_rules.html
find your hardware by using one of these

$ lspci -nn
[stripped non-audio, nongraphics]
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:0412] (rev 06)
00:03.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio Controller [8086:0c0c] (rev 06)
00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset High Definition Audio Controller [8086:8c20] (rev 05)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RV710 [Radeon HD 4350/4550] [1002:954f]
01:00.1 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RV710/730 HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 4000 series] [1002:aa38]

$ lsusb
[stripped non-audio, non-input]
Bus 003 Device 019: ID 413c:a503 Dell Computer Corp. [Soundbar]
Bus 003 Device 018: ID 03f0:034a Hewlett-Packard Elite Keyboard
Bus 003 Device 017: ID 046d:c050 Logitech, Inc. RX 250 Optical Mouse
Bus 003 Device 023: ID 1915:0196 Nordic Semiconductor ASA [Mele USB remote keyboard and mouse]
# how do I get a more useful output from lsusb?

$ loginctl seat-status
Devices:
├─/sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input1
│ input:input1 "Power Button"
├─/sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/LNXVIDEO:00/input/input5
│ input:input5 "Video Bus"
├─/sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0C:00/input/input0
│ input:input0 "Power Button"
├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0/drm/renderD128
│ drm:renderD128
├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/drm/card1
│ [MASTER] drm:card1
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/drm/card1/card1-DP-1
│ │ [MASTER] drm:card1-DP-1
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/drm/card1/card1-HDMI-A-1
│ │ [MASTER] drm:card1-HDMI-A-1
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/drm/card1/card1-HDMI-A-2
│ │ [MASTER] drm:card1-HDMI-A-2
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/drm/card1/card1-HDMI-A-3
│ │ [MASTER] drm:card1-HDMI-A-3
│ └─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/drm/card1/card1-VGA-1
│   [MASTER] drm:card1-VGA-1
├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/drm/renderD129
│ drm:renderD129
├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/graphics/fb1
│ [MASTER] graphics:fb1 "inteldrmfb"
├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/sound/card0
│ sound:card0 "HDMI_1"
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/sound/card0/input10
│ │ input:input10 "HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=8"
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/sound/card0/input11
│ │ input:input11 "HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=9"
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/sound/card0/input12
│ │ input:input12 "HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=10"
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/sound/card0/input8
│ │ input:input8 "HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=3"
│ └─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/sound/card0/input9
│   input:input9 "HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=7"
├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3
│ usb:usb3
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.0/0003:1915:0196.0027/input/input47
│ │ input:input47 "MELE RI"
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1/0003:1915:0196.0028/input/input48
│ │ input:input48 "MELE RI"
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.2/0003:1915:0196.0029/input/input49
│ │ input:input49 "MELE RI"
│ └─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-5
│   usb:3-5
│   ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-5/3-5.1/3-5.1:1.0/0003:046D:C050.0017/input/input34
│   │ input:input34 "Logitech USB-PS/2 Optical Mouse"
│   ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-5/3-5.2/3-5.2:1.0/0003:03F0:034A.0018/input/input35
│   │ input:input35 "Chicony HP Elite USB Keyboard"
│   ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-5/3-5.2/3-5.2:1.1/0003:03F0:034A.0019/input/input36
│   │ input:input36 "Chicony HP Elite USB Keyboard"
│   ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-5/3-5.3/3-5.3:1.0/sound/card3
│   │ sound:card3 "SoundBar"
│   └─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-5/3-5.3/3-5.3:1.3/0003:413C:A503.001A/input/input37
│     input:input37 "Dell Dell AC511 USB SoundBar"
├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4
│ usb:usb4
├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1
│ usb:usb1
│ └─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1
│   usb:1-1
├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card1
│ sound:card1 "PCH"
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card1/input13
│ │ input:input13 "HDA Intel PCH Front Mic"
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card1/input14
│ │ input:input14 "HDA Intel PCH Rear Mic"
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card1/input15
│ │ input:input15 "HDA Intel PCH Line"
│ ├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card1/input16
│ │ input:input16 "HDA Intel PCH Line Out"
│ └─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card1/input17
│   input:input17 "HDA Intel PCH Front Headphone"
├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2
│ usb:usb2
│ └─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1
│   usb:2-1
├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata1/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sr0
│ block:sr0
├─/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata1/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/scsi_generic/sg0
│ scsi_generic:sg0
├─/sys/devices/platform/eeepc-wmi/input/input6
│ input:input6 "Eee PC WMI hotkeys"
├─/sys/devices/virtual/misc/kvm
│ misc:kvm
└─/sys/devices/virtual/misc/rfkill
misc:rfkill

add rules by ...

using loginctl plus above pathes to create the udev rules, but I don't recommend it. Do the bus IDs remain the same?

# gfx
sudo loginctl attach seat-tv /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0/drm/card0
sudo loginctl attach seat-tv /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0/graphics/fb0
# hdmi audio
sudo loginctl attach seat-tv /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.1/sound/card2
# mele remote
sudo loginctl attach seat-tv /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.0/0003:1915:0196.0008/input/input21
sudo loginctl attach seat-tv /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.1/0003:1915:0196.0009/input/input22
sudo loginctl attach seat-tv /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.2/0003:1915:0196.000A/input/input23

This adds rule files like the following. The rule sets ID_SEAT to seat-tv if ID_FOR_SEAT matches the given.

$ cat /etc/udev/rules.d/72-seat-graphics-pci-0000_01_00_0.rules`
TAG=="seat", ENV{ID_FOR_SEAT}=="graphics-pci-0000_01_00_0", ENV{ID_SEAT}="seat-tv"

or creating the udev rules manually. I prefer VendorID/ProductID for identification. File names should start with 72 because other seat related stuff in /lib/udev/rules.d is 71 or 73.

$ cat 72-seat0.rules
# do I really need to set up anything for seat0?
# It should just grab anything not allocated to another seat?
# Intel GFX
# if TAG contains seat and vendor and product match the hex codes than set ID_SEAT to seat0
TAG=="seat", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0x8086", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0x0412", ENV{ID_SEAT}="seat0"

# Dell AC511 Sound
#/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-5/3-5.3/3-5.3:1.0/sound/card3
#/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-5/3-5.3/3-5.3:1.3/0003:413C:A503.001A/input/input37
TAG=="seat", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0x413c", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0xa503", ENV{ID_SEAT}="seat0"

# HP Keyboard
#/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-5/3-5.2/3-5.2:1.0/0003:03F0:034A.0018/input/input35
#/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-5/3-5.2/3-5.2:1.1/0003:03F0:034A.0019/input/input36
SUBSYSTEM=="input", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0x03f0", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0x034a", ENV{ID_INPUT.tags}="input_seat0"

# Logitech Mouse
#/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-5/3-5.1/3-5.1:1.0/0003:046D:C050.0017/input/input34
SUBSYSTEM=="input", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0x046d", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0xc050", ENV{ID_INPUT.tags}="input_seat0"

$ cat 72-seat-tv.rules
# ATI RV710
#/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0/drm/card0
#/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0/graphics/fb0
# any graphics card should already have the master-of-seat TAG,
# see /lib/udev/rules.d/71-u-d-c-gpu-detection.rules
#SUBSYSTEM=="drm", KERNEL=="card[0-9]*", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0x1002", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0x954f", TAG+="master-of-seat"
TAG=="seat", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0x1002", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0x954f" , ENV{ID_SEAT}="seat-tv"

# ATI HDMI audio
#/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.1/sound/card2
#/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.1/sound/card2/input7
TAG=="seat", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0x1002", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0xaa38", ENV{ID_SEAT}="seat-tv"
#TAG=="seat", ENV{ID_FOR_SEAT}=="sound-pci-0000_01_00_1", ENV{ID_SEAT}="seat-tv"

# Mele USB remote keyboard and mouse
#1915:0196
SUBSYSTEM=="input", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0x1915", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0x0196", ENV{ID_INPUT.tags}="input_seat-tv", ENV{ID_SEAT}="seat-tv"

# TODO usb hub where all attached devices belong to this seat
#SUBSYSTEM=="input", DEVPATH=="/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/*", ENV{ID_INPUT.tags}="input_seat-tv"

you should now (after display manager restart?) realize the following

the inputs assigned to other seats should not work any more on seat0
screens assigned to other seats should disappear from system settings/display
same for the audio device

Set-Up Xorg

create a dir like /etc/X11/xorg.conf.multiseat so it won't change your default set-up.
fetch current xorg config with sudo Xorg :2 -configure
create file /etc/X11/xorg.conf.multiseat/90-seat-tv.conf

Section "Device"
        # get this from Xorg -configure
        Identifier  "Card0"
        Driver      "amdgpu"
        BusID       "PCI:1:0:0"

        MatchSeat      "seat-tv"
#    Identifier     "Seat-TV"
#    Option         "ProbeAllGpus" "FALSE"
EndSection

#Section "Device"
#       Identifier  "Card1"
#       Driver      "amdgpu"
#       BusID       "PCI:1:0:1"
#EndSection

Section "InputClass"
        Identifier      "ignore_other_seats"
        Option          "Ignore" "yes"
EndSection

Section "InputClass"
        Identifier      "use_seat_devices"
        MatchTag        "input_seat-tv"
        Option          "Ignore" "no"
EndSection

I don't know about the commented entries.
Do I need a similar file for seat0 or are the defaults ok?
TODO: Server Layout

Test

logout from gui and shutdown your window manager using sudo service sddm stop
start X on all your seats - one after the other - and see what happens. startx -- -layout seat0 -config xorg.conf.multiseat, see https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg_multiseat

Undo

temporarily

enable your window manager again sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target

permanently

delete your udev files /etc/udev/rules.d/72-*
delete your /etc/X11/xorg.conf.multseat folder

What now?

What am I missing?
How does the Server Layout work?
Mele keyboard somehow is not attached to seat-tv?


Unless you find out which program is spiking the CPU you can't solve the problem. Use a system monitor such as System Monitor or htop to see which program is responsible for consuming your CPU. It might be Nautilus, or it might be something else.

In my case, Compiz eats a lot of CPU. The only solution I've found is to run an environment that doesn't use Compiz, such as Unity 2D or Gnome Shell.


question on getting the following information for Ubuntu running on Vmware player

First of all, don't take screen shots but "edit" the question and copy-paste the text into your question if referring to another question.  You've got enough reputation to do this...

Secondly, that looks like an ipconfig from Windows...

The equivalent command in Ubuntu would be the ifconfig command combined with a route command.


Are internet installations possible with Ubuntu?

The equient is the minimal CD

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD

The minimal CD downloads the newest packages but is a minimal, command line install. Post install you would then sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop , or the desktop of your choice, or you can install only what you want.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/LowMemorySystems

I suspect it has not been popular enough to list on the downloads page, but I am not sure. You could file a "feature request" on Launchpad to list the minimal CD on the downloads page.


Prime-select intel not shutting off nvidia GPU

See answer here https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/420273. Once you have switched into Intel mode you can do the command

sudo tee /proc/acpi/bbswitch <<<OFF

to turn off the GPU. Likewise to turn it back on again you can do

sudo tee /proc/acpi/bbswitch <<<ON

Preferabbly I would like this to automatically run during Intel mode instead of manually entering it after every boot. If anyone has a suggestion for how to do this it would be much appreciated.


What are the implications of --no-install-recommends (apt-get install)?

That's correct. By default, Ubuntu installs recommended but not suggested packages. With --no-install-recommends, only the main dependencies (packages in the Depends field) are installed.


12.04 scanner works fine as super-user but is not recognised as a normal user

You need to be a member of the 'scanner' group. In a terminal, type sudo adduser <yourusernamehere> scanner. Replace <yourusernamehere> with your username, without the angle brackets.


Is there any text editor which supports Markdown (Ask Ubuntu's formatting style)?

Try Retext which supports markdown. Retext has been in Ubuntu since 12.04 precise. For earlier Ubuntu releases, or if you want a more recent version of Retext, get it from the project home page or from a PPA.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mitya57/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install retext

This will install Retext.
If you want a gedit plugin with markdown support:

Download this and extract the file in ~/Download directory.

Open a terminal, cd to the ~/Downloads/gedit-markdown-master directory  and run ./gedit-markdown.sh install.

Restart Gedit and you have a markdown plugin, enable it and enjoy ! .

Note: You can anytime preview markdown by entering Ctrl+Alt+M.


I suggest rsync with encryption. Pretty foolproof once it's set up.

http://www.nixtutor.com/linux/off-site-encrypted-backups-using-rsync-and-aes/


Auto mounting `NTFS` partition at startup not all options work

The best method I was able to find is the fstab entry below for the desired NTFS drive:

UUID=473577933B1627FB /media/username/Data\040Drive ntfs nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show 0 0

You will have full permissions to the mounted drive.  This was done on ubuntu 14.10


How can I recursively change the permissions of files and directories?

Just add the -R option to recursively change the permissions of files. An example, recursively add read and write permissions for the owner and group on foldername:

chmod -R ug+rw foldername

Permissions will be like 664 or 775.

Setting the permissions to 777 is highly discouraged. You get errors in either Apache or your editor regarding permissions because apache runs under a different user (www-data) than you.

If you want to write to /var/www, add yourself to the www-data group and set umask+permissions accordingly.

Add yourself to the www-data group: sudo adduser $USER www-data
Change the ownership of the files in /var/www: sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www
Change the umask, so newly created files by Apache grants write permissions to the group too. Add umask 007 to /etc/apache2/envvars.
Grant yourself (technically, the group www-data) write permissions: sudo chmod -R g+w /var/www.


Telegram Desktop client is available in 3 form for Ubuntu:

The Snap version of Telegram is officially maintained and recommended version for Linux based OSes. It is updated regularly and gets automatically updated without user intervention. To install it run the command-
sudo snap install telegram-desktop gtk-common-themes gtk2-common-themes

Second one is from Telegram website. If Snap version doesn't work for you for any reason; you can download, extract and run this version. It won't get integrated with the system and won't get automatically updated. You have to manually download any new version.

The third one is from Ubuntu official repository. This version is also developed by Telegram but tested and maintained by Ubuntu developers. As per most repository apps, it doesn't usually get updates unless there's a security update. It also doesn't update automatically. But it will get updated (if there's any new version) when you check for updates for your system.

The Snap version may/may not blend with your system theme depending on which  theme you use. If you stick with the common preinstalled themes present in Ubuntus and install the snap package "gtk-common-themes" (which I included in the command), Telegram should adapt to the theme. And the Snap version will get updated automatically.
Telegram from other two sources should blend well with your system theme regardless of your theme setup, but they won't meet your "update" expectation.


Disable global keyboard shortcuts for specific application

The latter two for workspace switching is possible to be disabled , download and install gconf-editor , locate this entry:

  move_to_workspace

And leave them empty should work.


Why does my WiFi get continuously connected/disconnected?

If WMM is activated in your router, disable it.

 When connecting to the console of your router with your browser you will find in the WLAN settings a conmboxbox to UNCHECK WMM.

WMM is Wi-Fi multi-media, a setting in modern WLAN routers you can switch on or off. It usually only causes trouble, at least in my experience, when switched on. (I had a similar problem and this solved it.)


Use this link: https://login.ubuntu.com/+forgot_password

Enter your Email address on the box. (The Email address you used to register on Ubuntu One.) They will send you an Email.

Either: 1) Ignore the Second step of the above page. Simply, open the link on the Email, and choose a new password. 2) If you had problem with openning the link, copy/paste the Code they send you on the Email, in the second step of the above page.

More information can be found on FAQ page.


First of all check if the touchpad is enabled in bios, then check if it is not blocked by some Fn+F9 or some other Fx key with a touchpad icon on it.

If that does not help, you can upgrade Linux kernel. Probably your touchpad is not properly detected. Run in terminal

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-vivid

and reboot.


Fans acting up after installation on Acer Aspire V3-571G

I've just spent several hours solving the same issue (I also have V3-571G).
Finally, I find following "workaround". At least something.

0.) acer_fancontrol
Since kernel is neigher able monitoring nor controlling the FAN, therefore we need some other way. There is "a script" >>>for other Acer models<<< which modify UEFI data directly (on the fly) in order to control the FAN speed.
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1748521

I consider this method most dangerous since the program may crash anytime. Moreover, it seems that our model (V3-571G) and/or our BIOS version is not supported.

1.) BIOS upgrade
I had BIOS version 2.18. Now I upgraded to (hacked) BIOS version 2.21.

1.1) Page: http://www.bios-mods.com/forum/Thread-Request-Acer-Aspire-V3-571G-Bios-2-21
with latest BIOS for V3-571G model (and some others) that is also "hacked". It simply enables hidden "Advanced" options in Acer's BIOS.

So simply download the BIOS from provided link (at rghost.net site), extract, create bootable USB and upgrade BIOS version on your laptop.

1.2) To make the USB bootable, I used this command

sudo dd if=USBimg32.ima of=/dev/sdc

where /dev/sdc is my USB flash drive.

1.3) Flashing procedure is described here:
    http://www.bios-mods.com/forum/Thread-Request-Acer-Aspire-V3-571G-Bios-1-11?page=11

Simply put the file in a regular FAT32 formatted USB pen stick.
Turn off notebook, remove battery and power cord from notebook
Attach the USB pen stick on it
Hold FN+ESC
Still holding, plug in power cord and wait 3 ~ 5 seconds
Press power button
Release all the buttons
Notebook will turn on with fan and lights only wait about 2~3 minutes and notebook
will power down itself.
Plug in the battery and turn it on.

I followed instruction exactly and it worked.

1.4) Now I've control of FAN speed, based on (just CPU?) temperature. Unfortunately, there are just two values (low and high).

2.) Also don't forget modifying the /etc/default/grub file this way:
from this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="noquiet nosplash"

to this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="noquiet nosplash acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor"

You can find several referenced what these arguments do, e.g.:

What does the kernel boot parameter "set acpi_osi=Linux" do?

How to control Brightness


Increase your USB's boot priority on the BIOS options. What is happening is that as things stands, your OS has a higher boot priority that a USB device. To increase the USB's boot priority do the following:

Switch on your computer and depending the manufacturer of your BIOS, press either  ESC, F1, F2, F8 or F10 the moment your PC switches on(Note that one of this keys should work, as to which one exactly, this differ from PC to PC, depending on the BIOS manufacturer hence I suggested all the above keys). The BIOS setup utility page should appear, mine looks like this:

Go to the "Boot" tab.

Using the arrows keys, move the [USB] up the boot priority(in my case it is on position 4). I suggest you move it all the way up to number one for now(you can always come back and move it down the priority list once the installation is done).
Go to the "Exit" tab and choose to save changes and exit:

Shutdown your PC and insert the USB you want to install Ubuntu from(if you moved the USB all the way to number one on the priority list, sit back and relax, your PC should boot from the USB automatically, no need to press any keys)
Continue with the Ubuntu installation process.


How to upgrade a “minimal” install of 18.04 to Normal 18.04 Server

Install the ubuntu-server metapackage

sudo apt install ubuntu-server


The problem was caused by multiple networks at my workplace. So, even when I am connected to wifi network A (192.168.x.x/16), wifi network B (192.168.y.y/16) was still holding on to my hostname, which resulted in my machine hostname in wifi network A to be set as bogon.

So, the question now is to figure out how to make a disconnected wifi network forget my hostname to prevent future collisions (or rejoin the old wifi network).


Can't boot Windows after unsuccessful install of Ubuntu through USB

Looking at

Partition    Start Sector    End Sector  # of Sectors System
/dev/sda1           2,048     1,050,623     1,048,576 EFI System partition
/dev/sda2       1,050,624   233,445,375   232,394,752 Data partition (Linux)
/dev/sda3     233,445,376   250,068,991    16,623,616 Swap partition (Linux)

and

1 disks with OS, 1 OS : 1 Linux, 0 MacOS, 0 Windows, 0 unknown type OS.

it seems that you completely wiped out Windows and installed Ubuntu on the whole hard drive. The only way to get Windows back is by reinstalling it using a DVD/USB.

If you remove USB drive and set HDD as first boot device it should boot Ubuntu.


Sum column 2 of .csv file if column 1 is the same

It looks like you're skipping a non-existent CSV header: NR != 1. Without it:

$ awk 'BEGIN { FS = OFS = "," }
        { y[$1] += $2; $2 = y[$1]; x[$1] = $0; }
        END { for (i in x) { print x[i]; } }' foo
aaa,120
eee,60
ddd,160
fff,30


Xubuntu: How to make fBreader the default ebook reader?

In Xubuntu 18.04, you should have a "MIME type editor" application.
Open it, filter by mobi. One line should remain. You can edit the default application on the right:

Then repeat same operation for epub:

Then close the MIME type editor. From now, opening an epub or mobi file will be done using FBReader.


Just maintain pressed the home button until the lights at the center change to this

00
##
##
00

On this mode the gamepad will be detected and work just fine, the only thing that doesn't work is the rumble


Ubuntu in Oracle Virtual Box running on Windows 7

first check if gateway is setup correctly

#route

check the gateway if not ok then

#route delete default gw (your gateway ip)

#route add default gw (your gateway ip)

then

do a

DNS

-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p udp -m udp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT

apt-get

-A INPUT -p tcp --sport 80 -j ACCEPT


Maybe this doesn't fit for you, but did you consider using NX instead?

Like NoMachine: http://nomachine.com/


Right click doesn't work on HP mini 210 touchpad

You may also be interested in installing gpointing-device-settings
package, which will provide more configuration options for your touchpad.

sudo apt-get install gpointing-device-settings

Once installed you find it under System -> Preferences -> Pointing Devices.


Ubuntu 14.04 wifi disconnect every 1-20 minutes

You might want to check out this thread. (It might be a bit more advanced for you if you're only just starting out with Ubuntu)
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2148130&page=2

Also you'll need to sudo apt-get install git

https://github.com/pvaret/rtl8192cu-fixes


I'm not aware of any Debian package integration for Eclipse.

I suggest you read the packaging guide.

If you have a working setup.py then packaging Python is fairly simple.


Try restarting the network manager service.

sudo service network-manager restart

Also, I know it's a longshot and you said otherwise, but cd to /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections check the relevant file of your wifi connection to see whether the saved wifi password is different than the one you are entering.


My hard disk has been formatted accidently

If it were me, I would stop right now, don't touch it, and take it to a computer shop and let them recover it. There might be software out there that can do it, but I'm not sure of it and haven't used any.

When data on a drive is "deleted", it isn't actually deleted, it is simply marked as "deleted" and new data is overwritten on it. As long as you haven't started writing data over it, it might be recoverable.