How do I use an unbootable XP to remove Ubuntu?

What you should do depends on what you mean by "Uninstall Ubuntu". There really is no such thing as an uninstall. You could format the hard drive, which would be the closest thing. This would remove everything from the computer, including ubuntu. If you want Windows back, you can just insert a Windows installation disc and install it. Delete any existing partitions that you see, and it will automatically overwrite ubuntu.

If Windows XP was working fine before you installed ubuntu, it might still be bootable. Hold down shift while powering on you computer and keep holding it. You should see the GRUB menu. Chances are, Windows is in that list.


Ubuntu 12.10 won't install with USB pendrive, incorrect screen resolution

I had a similar problem, create the bootable USB with UNetbootin
boot into live-mode and try to change the screen resultion to something that fits your monitor, hope this helps!


What do I do when my root filesystem is full?

Just to share a magic command to know where all your disk space goes:

sudo du -hsx /* | sort -rh | head -n 40

You end up with a pretty neat report like this:

16G     /home
5.3G    /var
2.6G    /usr
840M    /run
277M    /root
171M    /lib
59M     /tmp
25M     /sbin
19M     /boot
16M     /bin
9.6M    /etc
136K    /ngx_pagespeed-latest-stable.zip
24K     /DEBIAN
16K     /lost+found
8.0K    /media
4.0K    /srv
4.0K    /opt
4.0K    /mnt
4.0K    /lib64

Then you can start again from another folder:

sudo du -hsx /home/* | sort -rh | head -n 35

Remove what's not necessary and you should be fine. It's part of my linux cheat sheet


Unable to shutdown or reboot ubuntu 20.04

Boot your system then try to shut it down again.
When it goes black-blank screen, try hitting the F4 key.
This should display system messages and allow you to see if there's some error message. For instance, it could be a service waiting forever for termination.
If hitting F4 doesn't work, reboot again. Then, when you're on logging screen, hit the Ctrl+Alt+F1 key combination. This will display your first TTY.
Log in with your usual username (you will need sudo permissions), then try shutting down your system whith the following command :

poweroff

Again, this shoud display system messages and allow you to see if there are any errors. If it goes black-blank again, then, at next reboot, you might have a look at your /var/log/syslog file to determine what's going wrong.


Saving a disk image containing both Ubuntu and Windows partitions to an external hard drive

I do exactly this from Windows using  Macrium Reflect Free

I can recommend it. Just select the partitions you want to back up when defining the backup. Don’t forget to make a recovery disc or usb stick.

Note that the Linux partitions are cloned. To my knowledge you cannot get at individual files. However you can mount the image of the Windows partitions in Windows as an additional drive (eg H:) and copy an individual file.

However the main use of this is to restore the entire image in one process. Useful to change an HDD for an SSD


Upgrade from ubuntu 18.04 to 20.04 resulting in error

In some cases it might be more than one package, I followed these steps:

Check on the file /var/log/dist-upgrade/apt.log for any broken package listed there

Remove the package using apt sudo apt remove {broken package name}

Run sudo apt autoremove to get ride of residual packages

Run sudo do-release-upgrade again if it throws the error message below:
Could not calculate the upgrade
An unresolvable problem occurred while calculating the upgrade.
This was likely caused by:

Unofficial software packages not provided by Ubuntu
Please use the tool 'ppa-purge' from the ppa-purge
package to remove software from a Launchpad PPA and
try the upgrade again.

If none of this applies, then please report this bug using the
command 'ubuntu-bug ubuntu-release-upgrader-core' in a terminal. If
you want to investigate this yourself the log files in
'/var/log/dist-upgrade' will contain details about the upgrade.
Specifically, look at 'main.log' and 'apt.log'.

Repeat step 1 to 4


No, it is not possible to install Ubuntu one in htc desire x as far to my knowledge.Even I too use htc desire x.


Where did my Wifi adapter go (Ubuntu 19.04)?

My Wifi adapter appears to disappear really randomly if I put my computer to sleep and wake back up. But this has been a for sure fix every time:

Enter BIOS sets up
Click wireless settings shown on the left side of the screen
Click restore BIOS settings
Restart computer


Why did I stop getting Thunderbird email notifications?

I had the same issue in 12.04 and now in 12.10. I thought the notification of email arrival was not working. In actuality the alert was working, only it was inaudible. From a terminal session I ran 'sudo pavucontrol'. I selected the 'Playback Tab' then adjusted the 'System Sounds' slider to midway between 'Silence' and '100%(0db)'. This solved the issue for Thunderbird and other other applications such as Free Cell.

I am not a Linux sound expert. I believe the settings for 'Output Volume' sound in the 'Systems Setting' on the Output Tab should have worked worked but they did not. The
'pavucontrol' program did work though.
The email alerts stopped after an update to Ubuntu 12.04 and 12.10. I believe during the update the volume control was reset and that is why it appeared the alerts and other sounds appeared not to work.


how do I change default MTU from 1500 to 9000 for lxdbr0 for containers created using LXD?

The syntax of your command is correct. The error you're seeing indicates that the interface (hardware) isn't Gigabit or doesn't support JumboFrames.

Source: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/jumbo_frames


How do I determine the MIME type of a file?

There are different ways to get a MIME type on Linux, and they often lead to different results.  Use

xdg-mime query filetype your_file

to get the same MIME type as Nautilus gets.


How can I install the terminal emulator from elementary OS Freya on ubuntu 15.04 Vivid?

yes you can do that , you can install it by running:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:elementary-os/daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pantheon-terminal

Another possible solution.

download the source code from https://launchpadlibrarian.net/203448637/pantheon-terminal-0.3.1.1.tgz

Now extract the compressed package:

  tar xf pantheon-terminal-0.3.1.1.tgz

To compile it:

  cd pantheon-terminal-0.3.1.1
  mkdir build
  cd build/
  cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
  make

To install it:

  cd build/
  sudo make install


1. from man ping:

   -f     Flood  ping.  For  every  ECHO_REQUEST  sent  a  period  ``.'' is printed, while for ever ECHO_REPLY
          received a backspace is printed.  This provides a rapid  display  of  how  many  packets  are  being
          dropped.   If  interval  is  not given, it sets interval to zero and outputs packets as fast as they
          come back or one hundred times per second, whichever is more.  Only  the  super-user  may  use  this
          option with zero interval.

So, your first screenshot says that for every packet sent a reply from the server has been received.

Your second screenshot says that a few packets have been lost since you started the command.

2. There are a few tools for benchmarking/load-testing HTTP servers, for example ab

3. Performing Denial of Service attacks on somebody else's servers is illegal in many jurisdictions. I'm sure you're talking about stress-testing your own web servers and I suggest you to edit your question to reflect that. Most Linux tools for benchmarking and stress-testing will work in Ubuntu, there's no need for Ubuntu-specific documentation.


Disconnect the cable, then put it back in after a few minutes. It'll go back to normal


Dell XPS 13 9350 with Ubuntu 15.10 - Touchpad freezing, jumping

The problem is the graphics card, you need to force it into high power mode otherwise when it starts switching between modes, the cursor pauses. Also happens when you scroll, etc.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/PowerManagement/PowerSavingTweaks

  Enable Intel i915 RC6

  NOTE: If you are running 12.04 LTS ("Precise"), this is already enabled by default.

  The Intel i915 RC6 feature allows the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to > enter a lower power state during GPU idle. The i915 RC6 feature applies > to Intel Sandybridge and later processors. RC6 was switched between
  enabled and disabled earlier in the Ubuntu 12.04 Precise LTS development > cycle, but eventually all problems were fixed and it is now enabled by
  default.

  On Ubuntu 11.10 and earlier, you need to enable it manually: edit
  /etc/default/grub (you need superuser privilege to do this)

  change:

  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

  to:

  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash i915.i915_enable_rc6=1"

  and run:

  sudo update-grub

  And reboot.


You might be able to get away with simply adding a mirror hostname:

d-i mirror/http/hostname string archive.ubuntu.com

I've been using the following mirror settings for a test preseed for a while, and it seems to work well enough for my purposes:

d-i mirror/country string manual
d-i mirror/http/hostname string mirrors.us.kernel.org
d-i mirror/http/mirror select mirrors.us.kernel.org
d-i mirror/http/directory string /ubuntu
d-i mirror/http/proxy string


Installed Gnome but I don't want gnome 3

You could always try Cinnamon or Mate desktop environments.


Downloading 16.04.1 was disrupted. Upon rebooting black screen

It's the same as your desktop credentials. Log in and reinitiate your window manager.

To restart the WM on Vanilla Ubuntu 16.04, once you've logged in of course:

sudo service sddm restart
nohup unity --restart

If your machine is stuck on 14.04:

sudo service lightdm restart


If you have a nvidia card, everytime you have an upgrade for some reason I still don't know why, it is deleting the driver. So how I fixed it: downloading and installing the driver once more.

For nvidia users:

ctrl+alt+f1 and do the login, then

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt-get nvidia-370 (370 in my case, may change)


How to config ddclient and make the pc in a NAT availabe to a client in internet?

Ddclient can be configured by running

sudo dpkg-reconfigure ddclient

in a terminal. This will create a /etc/ddclient.conf file that can be further edited to meet your needs, e.g.for the service you use for IP detection.

To make your lokal client accessible remotely you need to forward ports for the given remote services to your local client. You may also need to configure PAT or NPAT if many clients share a public IP.

If you don't have access to your router you can try to setup a SSH tunnel on existing open ports (see here and there). To have remote desktop access you may also consider Team Viewer or alternatives.


Auto mount server Secondary hard disk shared folder to client

Looks like that you have tried to mount network share with ntfs filesystem, right? Have you tried to mount it using mount.cifs or smbfs? Or even your share has another filesystem it shoud use smbfs not ntfs-3g I think.

Could you please provide mount -v | grep $foldername output for already mounted share?

And part of samba.conf fot this share from server computer.


How can I remove the items form grub boot list

You can remove the memtest by removing the "memtest86+" package from your computer, followed by a "update-grub2".

The other lines (at the bottom) can't be removed as far as I know.


Ubuntu 12.04 won't boot, only shows a blinking white line

I had 12.04.1 and for some reason it would not boot anymore.  So I had to reinstall a windows operating system on the computer and then try again.Sometime Ubuntu can be funny.


Radio streaming lost after delete Pulse Audio

This now works

I think it came back after I did

pulseaudio -k
pulseaudio --start

Based on this page

I'm not sure, because I left it for 12 hours before it finally came back


Invalid syntax error when following "Creating your first ubuntu app" video

Indentation is  very important in python. Here you typed code without proper indentation. Retry with proper indentation. If it still doesn't work post the contents of Mybrowser.py in your question.


I have this running on 18.04 and had the same errors for the 3 missing jar files.
 I installed each of the following .jar files manually and everything is working well.

xml-resolver-1.2.jar
tagsoup-1.2.1.jar
jing.jar (11/11/09)


What is the use of Hidden folders in home?

Anything related to a user is stored in their home. That includes configurations, settings, the theme you chose but also bookmarks and so on. So there are lots of files in there you need not  worry about.

Leave them as they are. Deleting them will delete your configuration for the program you deleted it for. If you delete the chromuim directory you basically will remove your profile (bookmarks, saved passwords, saved tabs).

So I images that since you most times do not need to bother with them and to not clog up the view when looking at your /home/ directory in Nautilus or from command line these have a dot in front of them and kept out of view. If you do need them you probably also know they will be hidden anyways.

You can add non-dot files yourself by adding them to a file called ".hidden". Nautilus will remove those from view if you are not using control+h to view hidden files.


What should I do when hard "disk failure is imminent"?

BACK UP YOUR DATA NOW!!!!

Turn the machine off, go buy a USB HD if your don't have one and copy everything of value that is on the disk.

As a commenter tijybba said above, you can try formatting the drive and plugging and unplugging the drive from the motherboard (edit: I see now from the image it's connected via USB so that's probably a no-go), although it is really unlikely that this will fix the error. SMART Tests not succeeding usually means just what you would expect: the disk will be toast soon.

You might want to check which tests are failing by clicking the SMART Data button and scrolling through the list:

This answer has a good explanation of the tests and which ones are important.

Please be advised that I have never had a hard drive last for long when SMART tests began to fail. I recommend you replace with a new HD ASAP.


Install the ibus-m17n package, log out and log in again. Then, if you go to System Settings -> Text Entry you should see two new Nepali options. Hopefully one of those is what you are after.


I'd use cron (should already be installed):

Edit crontab:

sudo crontab -e

The first time you might have to choose your preferred editor (like nano)

Insert a line like

0 4   *   *   *    /sbin/shutdown -r +5

at the bottom. Explanation:

m      h    dom        mon   dow       command
minute hour dayOfMonth Month dayOfWeek commandToRun

so the line

  0 4   *   *   *    /sbin/shutdown -r +5

would reboot your system every day at 4:05am. (4:00am + 5 minutes)

Ctrl+X, Y, Enter should get you out of crontab (if using nano)

Note: you might have to run crontab -e as root, because shutdown needs root. crontab -e opens a file in /tmp instead of the actual crontab so that it can check your new crontab for errors. If there are no errors, then your actual crontab will be updated.


How to get the precise commands that a bash process is triggering?

Option 1: Start your script with bash -x /path/to/your/script.sh. Bash will then print out each line it is executing, prefixed with a +.

Option 2: use strace: strace -p 10043 (replacing 10043 with the actual process id of that script). It will tell you what a running script is doing, probably in a lot more details that you need.


How do I add a Gwibber entry widget to my app?

GwibberGtk is correct, you need gir1.2-gwibber-gtk-0.2


Node Package Manager got corrupted in some way, now it cannot be installed

Update
Regarding William Entriken's comment below this answer, there is a better way of installing Node.js natively in Ubuntu as a snap package.
Node.js is available as a snap package in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu. Specific to Node.js, developers can choose from one or more of the currently supported releases and get regular automatic updates directly from NodeSource. Node.js versions 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14 are currently available, with the Snap Store being updated within hours or minutes of a Node.js release.
Node can be installed with a single command, for example:
sudo snap install node --classic --channel 9/stable

The node snap can be accessed by the command node, for example:
$ node -v
v9.9.0
An up-to-date version of npm will installed as part of the node snap. npm should be run outside of the node repl, in your normal shell. After installing the node snap run the following command to enable npm update checking:
sudo chown -R $USER:$(id -gn $USER) /home/your-username/.config
Replace  your-username in the above command with your own username. Then run npm -v to check if the version of npm is up-to-date. As an example I checked that npm was up-to-date, checked the version of an already installed package named yarn with the command npm list yarn and then updated the existing yarn package to the latest version with the command npm update yarn
Users can switch between versions of Node.js at any time without needing to involve additional tools like nvm (Node Version Manager), for example:
sudo snap refresh node --channel=8/stable

Users can test bleeding-edge versions of Node.js that can be installed from the latest edge channel which is currently tracking Node.js version 12 by switching with:
sudo snap switch node --edge

This approach is only recommended for those users who are willing to participate in testing and bug reporting upstream.

Original answer
To install the latest LTS versions of Node.js (nodejs) and Package manager for Node.js (npm) in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu, open the terminal and run the following commands:
sudo apt-get remove nodejs npm ## remove existing nodejs and npm packages
sudo apt-get install curl
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_6.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

If you are copying these three commands, don't neglect the hyphen at the end of the second command.
The nodejs package contains the nodejs binary as well as npm, so you don't need to install npm separately. However, in order for some npm packages to work (such as those that require building from source), you will need to install the build-essential package:
sudo apt-get install build-essential

LTS Plan
New semver-major releases of Node.js are cut from master every six months. New even-numbered versions (e.g. v6, v8, v10, etc.) are cut in April. New odd-numbered versions (e.g. v5, v7, v9) are cut in October.
When a new odd-numbered major release is cut, the previous even-numbered major version transitions to the Long Term Support plan.
Every major version covered by the LTS plan will be actively maintained for a period of 18 months from the date it enters LTS coverage. Following those 18 months of active support, the major version will transition into "maintenance" mode for 12 additional months.
non-LTS installation
Current to March, 2017 the commands to install the latest non-LTS version of Node.js (v8 at the time this was posted) are as follows:
sudo apt-get remove nodejs npm ## remove existing nodejs and npm packages
sudo apt-get install curl
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

Node.js LTS Schedule
Release LTS Status  Codename    LTS Start       Maintenance Start Maintenance End
6.x     Active      Boron       2016-10-18      April 2018        April 2019
7.x     No LTS
8.x     Active      Carbon      2017-10-31      April 2019        December 2019
9.x     No LTS
10.x    Active      Dubnium     October 2018    April 2020        April 2021
11.x    No LTS                                  2019-04-01        2019-06-30
12.x                            2019-10-22      2021-04-01        2022-04-01
13.x    No LTS                                  2020-04-20        2020-06-01
14.x    Current     Fermium     2020-10-20      2021-10-20        2023-04-30


While trying to install git, "errors were encountered while processing: runit, git-daemon-run"

Try installing git-daemon-sysvinit first. It replaces git-daemon-run. (They are alternatives for each other.) And unlike git-daemon-run, git-daemon-sysvinit actually works on Ubuntu 15.04 and up. (See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/runit/+bug/1448164)

Once you have git-daemon-sysvinit installed, you can install git-all, and you shouldn't have any more problems.


Follow this link, press "Accept" and then download the driver file named
epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.7.8-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb
(even if your processor is not AMD).

Install using GDebi:
First just try to open the file, which will open GDebi's gui, and click install. If that doesn't work, open a terminal, browse to appropriate folder, and run
sudo gdebi epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.7.8-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb.

Go to Printers, press Add, let it find your printer (note whether it is connected directly via USB or via the network) and proceed in the obvious way to set the printer.


Can't play UDF DVD burned in Windows 7. Error mounting

Try
sudo mount -t udf /dev/sr0 /mnt

You may also wish to install Ubuntu-restricted-addons to obtain the codes required to play an .mp4 These are available through the software center.


How do I uninstall all instances of Java and blacklist it from being installed again?

Fistly, I also think totally banning Java is a bit paranoid :)

Secondly, you can achieve what you want by removing Java packages from the system - this will also un-install all the programs which depend on it. Something like

sudo apt-get remove java-common

then you'll need to make it non-installable, so it won't ever be installed as a dependency of another program (which will make the packages which depend on it non-inslallable too). My google-fu says that you can achieve this by editing /etc/apt/preferences and adding something like

Package: java-common
Pin: release a=fakerepo
Pin-Priority: 1001

The "fakerepo" thing makes apt to look for the package in a wrong place which prevents its installation. For more details see  http://linux.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/Debian/2009-07/msg00479.html


I have tried to get the Public key of a certain user who is trying to login using ssh. ( whose Public key is stored in the LDAP server).
Below configurations worked for me.

In /etc/ssh/sshd_config

AuthorizedKeysCommand /usr/bin/auth
AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody

and the script which takes user id(name) as the input is below.

cn=$1
server=192.168.57.105 #Put your server IP
basedn=ou=users,dc=myorg,dc=org #Put your basedn
port=389

ldapsearch -x -h $server -p $port -o ldif-wrap=no  -b $basedn -s sub "(&(objectClass=posixAccount)(uid=$cn))" | sed -n 's/^[ \t]*sshPublicKey:[ \t]*\(.*\)/\1/p'


I usually install the Nvidia drivers from the terminal:

$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:graphics-drivers
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

(then reboot)

You should be able to switch between your Nvidia dGPU and Intel iGPU using:

$ sudo prime-select [nvidia|intel]

You can query which GPU is in use using:

$ prime-select query

NOTE: I have had huge headaches with Nvidia drivers lately, namely:

The Nvidia GPU doesn't power down after switching to the Intel iGPU.
Lots and lots of "micro-stutter" when scrolling/dragging windows.

I found a "fix" (workaround?) for my particular laptop in regards to the first issue:

Edit /etc/default/grub after switching to the iGPU.
Find the line: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nouveau.pm=1"
Remove the nouveau.pm=1
From the terminal, run: $ sudo update-grub

I haven't been able to find a fix for the "micro-stutters", but this issue is subjective and will bother some users more than others (I'm in the former group, it bothers me a lot - so much so that I have uninstalled the proprietary Nvidia drivers and am currently using the Nouveau drivers, which are much "smoother" for most desktop functions).


In this case the alias would be:

alias run='mpirun -np 4 lmp_fedora'

The canonical way to add an user-defined local alias is to put it into ~/.bashrc; you can directly add it to ~/.bashrc using this command, which will append it to the end of the file:

echo "alias run='mpirun -np 4 lmp_fedora'" >> ~/.bashrc

Then you can run source ~/.bashrc to apply the changes in your current bash instance:

source ~/.bashrc


Asus rog tuf fx504 touchpad stops working for a while and then works again?

This a pretty common bug, this link should help: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1781879/comments/83


Try this solution

sudo -H gedit /etc/modules

At the bottom of the file, make two new lines, like this:

usbserial
option

Reboot

There's also a relevant option named usb-mode-switch.
You can find more info about it here on our site


Is anyone successfully running SpamAssassin on Ubuntu Server 18.10?

If you are following this Ars Technica guide, then you probably have /etc/default/spamassassin looking like this:

SAHOME="/var/lib/spamassassin"
SAGLOBALCFGPATH="/etc/spamassassin"

# Change to one to enable spamd
ENABLED=1

# Options
# See man spamd for possible options. The -d option is automatically added.
OPTIONS="-x --max-children 5 --helper-home-dir ${SAHOME} -u spamd -g spamd --siteconfigpath ${SAGLOBALCFGPATH} --socketpath=/var/spool/postfix/spamassassin/spamd.sock --socketowner=spamd --socketgroup=spamd --socketmode=0660"

# Pid file
# Where should spamd write its PID to file? If you use the -u or
# --username option above, this needs to be writable by that user.
# Otherwise, the init script will not be able to shut spamd down.
PIDFILE="/var/run/spamd.pid"

# Cronjob
# Set to anything but 0 to enable the cron job to automatically update
# spamassassin's rules on a nightly basis
CRON=1

The path expansions of SAHOME and SAGLOBALCFGPATH are failing, so change this file so that it includes the full paths:

# Change to one to enable spamd
ENABLED=1

# Options
# See man spamd for possible options. The -d option is automatically added.
OPTIONS="-x --max-children 5 --helper-home-dir /var/lib/spamassassin -u spamd -g spamd --siteconfigpath /etc/spamassassin --socketpath=/var/spool/postfix/spamassassin/spamd.sock --socketowner=spamd --socketgroup=spamd --socketmode=0660"

# Pid file
# Where should spamd write its PID to file? If you use the -u or
# --username option above, this needs to be writable by that user.
# Otherwise, the init script will not be able to shut spamd down.
PIDFILE="/var/run/spamd.pid"

# Cronjob
# Set to anything but 0 to enable the cron job to automatically update
# spamassassin's rules on a nightly basis
CRON=1


my sql db will restart while doing apt-get upgrade/update in ubuntu? please confirm

The packages for MySQL (and MariaDB) from the Ubuntu repositories set up init.d scripts to start a DBMS instance at system boot. When replacing such packages, the pre- and post-installation scripts will stop the DBMS instance started by init.d on upgrade and restart it afterwards.

It is generally recommended to restart software upon upgrade, because a running piece of old software may try to load an incompatible piece (e. g. a dynamic library or data file) of its new version.

If you need your DBMS to keep running, you can lock its packages from upgrade or disable automated upgrades altogether.


it seems you need to update two part of your configuration.

Push route from your server conf file, just add the following line

 push "route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.1"

Then you need to NAT all traffic coming from 10.8.0.0 so then your device on 192.168.0.0 will know where to route back the paquet to VPN client. Just run this command on your server.

iptables -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE

Also double check you have ip forwarding enable on the server by commented out the line net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 from the file /etc/sysctl.conf. Then run the command sysctl -p to enable the rule.


How to install Windows Media Encoder 9 series

I believe you either need to tell Wine to emulate a Windows XP environment, or deal with having to get Windows.  This is a common occurrence among my friends, where they install windows software on linux, but then can't use it because of problems with it not being XP.


The problem turned out to be in the theme. I have Unity Tweak Tool and I just switched the theme back and forth and things got fixed.

But apparently my Ambiance theme is broken. I use a custom theme generated by oomox so I don't mind. I also don't know how my custom theme got broken, I regenerated it and switched back to it and it's back.

For anyone else seeing this, I think you should search for how to "reinstall Ambiance theme" (this is the default theme for ubuntu).


Ubuntu not recognizing Archer T4U US 3.0 properly

First, we search for your device ID, in this case, the usb.id 2357:0115. We find the usually very reliable wikidevi: https://wikidevi.com/wiki/TP-LINK_Archer_T4U_v3 It suggests that the correct driver is not rtl8812au but 88x2bu. I suspect that rtl8812au was correct for an earlier version of the T4U; v2 or v1, perhaps. I am surprised that the rtl8812au driver works even partially.

Let's install the probable better driver:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install dkms git
git clone https://github.com/cilynx/rtl88x2BU_WiFi_linux_v5.3.1_27678.20180430_COEX20180427-5959
sudo dkms add ./rtl88x2BU_WiFi_linux_v5.3.1_27678.20180430_COEX20180427-5959
sudo dkms install -m rtl88x2bu -v 5.3.1
sudo modprobe -r rtl8812au
sudo modprobe 88x2bu

If the wireless works as expected, let's blacklist the incorrect driver:

sudo -i
echo "blacklist rtl8812au"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
exit


Flashplayer not working on Chromium 18.10

I resolved the issue as follows:
1) I went to chrome://flags/#prefer-html-over-flash"
2) In the search bar I searched "flash"
3) I changed the setting of "Enable Ephemeral Flash Permissions" from "Default" to "Disabled"


restart the computer all menus are disappeared

If you can get to the log in screen, you can hit Ctrl+Alt+F2 - this brings you to a terminal log in prompt. Log in with your username and password. Then type:

unity --reset

Hopefully this resets your interface properly, and you will have your menus back. Unfortunately, this will probably reset all your Compiz settings to default. However, you should have your interface back.


There are a variety of problems with each different dlna/upnp media server option. It's simply a matter of choosing which compromise works best for you. On a workstation type system, where you're running Unity or GNOME, and logged in all the time, and want to run a media server as the user you're logged in as, I would highly recommend rygel, as it works quite well, supports a wide variety of formats, uses standard infrastructure such as GStreamer and tracker, and can transcode on the fly. I have been using it for several years now.

However, it does require a DBus session bus, and X11 display, which presents a bit of a problem when running on a headless server system. I recently migrated all my Music and Video files over to my local server, which has a huge RAID setup, and runs Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS, and is of course, headless. Unfortunately, rygel wasn't usable there, so I had to find something else. I am running minidlna as the media server there, and it is working quite well. It is maintained (there's a newer version in 13.04), but not without its own set of flaws. I would recommend it for a headless server, though. It's very simple to set up, and even runs as a system service, just like apache or dnsmasq. Just remember to make sure all the files and directories you're pointing it at, are readable by the minidlna user, or everyone, before you start it. It doesn't take too long for it to scan the files, and it's very easy to blow away the database cache it creates, and restart the service, to force a rescan.


Alt+SysRq+E won't kill init.

That kernel panic is more likely was caused by that freeze which you experienced. When you issued the terminate all command with the magic combo, the kernel sent the SIGTERM signal to that misbehaving process which was causing your freeze, and because that was a misbehaving one, it decided to not die in the way a gentleman or a samurai should die when their death is needed, but instead it tried to handle that signal before dying and do something before its death. While it was handling that signal it caused some more problem to your already instable (freezing) system and that caused a kernel panic. (So the Alt+SysRq+E triggered that panic, but it wasn't the faulty for init's death. Or something similar to this happened, maybe with less drama.


I have trouble finding my Windows drive on Ubuntu 18.04

Use the command
    "sudo update-grub"
Type your password(though it will be invisible).
You should be able to find windows OS.

Restart the system.


What you seeing here is parameter expansion, which can be thought of as a set of methods used by bash as shortcuts to evaluating variables (aka parameters). In this specific case we are dealing with the following structure:

${parameter:?word}
              Display  Error  if  Null or Unset.  If
              parameter is null or unset, the expan‐
              sion  of  word  (or  a message to that
              effect if  word  is  not  present)  is
              written  to the standard error and the
              shell,  if  it  is  not   interactive,
              exits.  Otherwise, the value of param‐
              eter is substituted.

( taken from man bash )

In short, if a variable is unset or doesn't exist, throw an error, like so:

xieerqi:$ echo ${NOTSET?this param not set}
mksh: NOTSET: this param not set

If variable is set, do nothing

xieerqi:$ echo ${PWD?this param not set}
/home/xieerqi

In your specific case , debug parameter is to be passed to node , and if it's not set, show the user what values should it be set to, namely --nocrankshaft --nolazy --nodead_code_elimination --debug-brk=15454


What is the difference between "man" and "info" documentation?

Man pages are the UNIX traditional way of distributing documentation about programs.  The term "man page" itself is short for "manual page", as they correspond to the pages of the printed manual; the man pages "sections" (1 for commands, 2 for system calls, etc.) correspond to sections in the full UNIX manual.  Support is still there if you want to print a man page to paper, although this is rarely done these days, and the sheer number of man pages make it just impossible to bind them all into a single book.

In the early '90s, the GNU project decided that "man" documentation system was outdated, and wrote the info command to replace it: info has basic hyperlinking features and a simpler markup language to use (compared to the "troff" system used for man pages).  In addition, GNU advocates against the use of man pages at all and contends that complex software systems should have complete and comprehensive documentation rather than just a set of short man pages.

There are actually other documentation systems in use, besides man and info: GNOME and KDE have their own, HTML-based system, etc.

In the end, the form in which you get documentation depends on the internal policies of the project that provided the software in the first place -- there is no globally accepted standard.


amdccc Tear Free option cannot be enabled anymore?

Run this in a terminal, if you get any faults please add them to the question:

sudo aticonfig --set-pcs-u32=DDX,EnableTearFreeDesktop,1


I had a problem somewhat similar to this, dont remember exactly but I managed to do the updating and upgrading to raring ringtail with the software updater. You could try that route and see if it works.

cheers !


The steps below worked for me perfectly.

I am using Ubuntu 15.10 Gnome 3.16

Settings
Keyboard
Input Sources
Press + button and add "Urdu(Phonetic)"
Open any application to write with URDU(Phonetic) Layout.
You can easily change your input sources(Keyboard Layouts) from top right corner of the screen.


How to create a desktop shortcut to a website

You can use Firefox to create a website shortcut on your computer's desktop.

Run Firefox and open a website.

Resize the Firefox window so you can see both your computer's desktop and the Firefox window on the same screen.

Click the icon on the left of the address bar (where the URL is shown).

While still holding the mouse button down, move the pointer to the desktop, then release the mouse button.

The shortcut will be created.


From the Rhythmbox FAQ:

  From where is artwork fetched?

  Rhythmbox uses last.fm to look up artwork.
  If you have local image files, saved in the same directory as the audio file(s) with the filename "cover", "album", "albumart", ".folder", "folder" or "$artist - $album" Rhythmbox will use them instead of looking up a cover on last.fm. It will also use images extracted from file tags.

So, the answer will depend on how your artwork is stored in iTunes. If it is embedded in the actual AAC/MP3 file, or exists on last.fm for Rhythymbox, it will show up automagically in Rhythmbox. If it isn't in one of those two places, Rhythmbox looks for specific filenames (listed in the FAQ answer above).

If your artwork is external (i.e., not embedded) you would want to include those files in your Dropbox folder, or use a third-party tool to embed the artwork.

I'm not an iTunes user, but if I recall correctly, it stores artwork in obfuscated directories and with obfuscated filenames.  If this is still the case, copying the artwork won't matter because the file will be named something Rhythmbox won't be able to read.

You could try this plug-in I found (but have never used), that says it will download and embed the artwork for you:

http://www.freewaregenius.com/2007/11/11/itunes-art-importer/

Good luck!


If you have a network connection, you can always try something like sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop (I'm not sure what exactly was the command you ran).

Even then it's not guaranteed this would work 100%, so just in case be prepared to re-install everything from scratch. You learn more the hard way though...


Why does the / directory have .. and what does it mean?

Many softwares work on the assumptions, not in fact guaranteed to them by POSIX.1 but traditionally the case on UNIX systems and enshrined in much UNIX literature, that (to quote one such piece of UNIX literature): Every directory contains the file names dot and dot-dot (. and ..) whose inode numbers are those of the directory and its parent directory, respectively. […] The program mkfs initializes a filesystem so that . and .. of the root directory have the root inode number of the file system.— Maurice J. Bach (1986). The Design of the UNIX Operating System.  Prentice Hall. p. 73

For example: The old getcwd() library function (on systems that provided no special kernel support for it) relies upon this to know when to stop tracing up the chain of .. entries when composing the current directory name.  It stops when it reaches a directory that is its own parent, or cannot traverse to ...

So the reason that the root directory has (or as far as applications-mode programs are concerned at least appears to have as seen through the system API) a .. entry is that a lot of stuff is based upon the assumption that every directory has .., and that .. in the root being a loop can be used for detecting that one is at the root.

POSIX.1 does not in fact guarantee that the root directory has a .., merely specifying that programs have to account for the possibility of a loop if there is a .. in the root directory.  This is to permit non-UNIX systems to be POSIX-conformant too.  There are file systems where the absence of .. indicates that a directory is a root directory.  And there are, as Bach himself discusses, systems where there is a directory above the root, which POSIX.1 allows for in its discussion of absolute pathnames that begin with two slashes (similar to the Universal Naming Convention used in Microsoft local area network systems).

Linux (and thus Ubuntu Linux), however, provides the stricter guarantees of the UNIX paradigm.


configure gedit to always open in new window

I also need this. I suddenly find simpler solution:

sudo nautilus /usr/share/applications/

Point to gedit, hit Alt+Enter (Properties), and replace command to

gedit -s %U

Tested on Xubuntu 12.04.2 LTS.
Hope it helps.


The following command in the terminal grabs the list of installed packages and downloads, packages will be stored at /var/cache/apt/archives

dpkg -l | grep "^ii"| awk ' {print $2} ' | xargs sudo apt-get -y --force-yes install --reinstall --download-only


nVIDIA Drivers usually have issues with Ubuntu, and I don't know why.  I don't recommend installing the Graphic Drivers unless you know what you are doing or other experienced users told you to do so.

After you went on and reinstalled Ubuntu 11.10, does grub rescue show up before you even get to use Ubuntu 11.10?

If the answer is yes, read my answer to reinstall GRUB.

If the answer is no(that you messed up ubuntu yourself), then you would have to reinstall Ubuntu and remember not to install the Graphics card drivers.


Ubuntu 16.04: E: Package 'libqwt6' has no installation candidate

libqwt6 is only available in the repositories through Trusty.  Since Trusty, there's been multiple packages produced by qwt's source package:

  libqwt-dev: Qt widgets library for technical applications (development, qt4)
  libqwt-dev-dbgsym: debug symbols for package libqwt-dev
  libqwt-doc: Qt widgets library for technical applications (documentation)
  libqwt-headers: Qt widgets library for technical applications (header files)
  libqwt-qt5-6: Qt widgets library for technical applications (runtime, qt5)
  libqwt-qt5-6-dbgsym: debug symbols for package libqwt-qt5-6
  libqwt-qt5-dev: Qt widgets library for technical applications (development, qt5)
  libqwt-qt5-dev-dbgsym: debug symbols for libqwt-qt5-dev
  libqwt6abi1: Qt widgets library for technical applications (runtime, qt4)
  libqwt6abi1-dbgsym: debug symbols for libqwt6abi1
  libqwtmathml-dev: Text Engine for Qwt (development, qt4)
  libqwtmathml-qt5-6: Text Engine for Qwt (runtime, qt5)
  libqwtmathml-qt5-6-dbgsym: debug symbols for package libqwtmathml-qt5-6
  libqwtmathml-qt5-dev: Text Engine for Qwt (development, qt5)
  libqwtmathml6abi1: Text Engine for Qwt (runtime, qt4)
  libqwtmathml6abi1-dbgsym: debug symbols for libqwtmathml6abi1

It is likely that one of these packages are what you need, but it looks like there's different Qt version dependencies for each.  Identify the one you need, and install that one specifically.


Dual Mouse Config reverse button mapping

I don't have the same problem but this my help.
I was looking for a way to configure my extra mouse buttons
sadly btnx is no longer in the repos for debian/ubuntu
so instead i had to download, install and build from source:

https://github.com/cdobrich/btnx-config
https://github.com/cdobrich/btnx

this enables me to configure each individual button on different ponting devices attached to the same computer
my guess is that you can configure the buttons the way you want this way


Get rid of 0.5s latency when playing audio over Bluetooth with A2DP

No, this is not normal but I've had a similar problem occasionally with my Altec Lansing iMT525 Bluetooth Speakers. Something similar in concept to Sri's answer almost always works for me, and I need to do it only once per connect.
Auto-switching Bluetooth profiles to re-initialize PulseAudio
If you're looking for a culprit, I'd look at Ubuntu's sound system, PulseAudio first, and then your bluetooth receiver. Try this:

First, delete and re-pair your Bluetooth device.

Then, copy and paste the below into a .sh file in your home directory, say /home/brillout/pabluezswitch.sh:

#!/bin/bash
bluezcard=$(pactl list cards short | awk '/bluez/{print $2}')
pactl set-card-profile "$bluezcard" a2dp
pactl set-card-profile "$bluezcard" hsp
pactl set-card-profile "$bluezcard" a2dp

Make the file executable by opening a terminal and typing chmod +x ~/pabluezswitch.sh

Go to Settings...Keyboard...Shortcuts, and create a custom shortcut; name it whatever you want, with the command as /home/brillout/pabluezswitch.sh (substitute appropriate username in path!). Click Apply, and then click on the right where it says Disabled to set up a keyboard shortcut to execute the script.

What this does is force the PulseAudio system to resynchronize the audio being sent to your headset/speakers by switching profiles from ad2p -> hsp -> a2dp, thus hopefully getting rid of any latency.

Whenever you connect and notice the lag, you should press the keyboard shortcut chosen above to attempt to fix the latency -- hopefully it works for you!


I always download straight from Nvidia, and that seems to get me the best results.

http://www.nvidia.com/object/linux-display-ia32-304.60-driver.html (32-bit)
http://www.nvidia.com/object/linux-display-amd64-304.60-driver.html (64-bit)

Install by first making the file executable:

chmod +x ./NVIDIA-Linux[version]

Then hit CTRL+ALT+F1 to open a console terminal. Then type

sudo gdm stop

Then run the file by changing to its directory and running

sudo sh ./NVIDIA-Linux[version]

Follow the prompts, install, then restart by running

sudo poweroff -r


After Installing Ubuntu College LAN not working?

Open your Network Manager and open the settings for your LAN. You should see something like this

Activate the 802.1x Security and select the right authentication method, username, password and you are ready.


NVIDIA 390 driver install hangs, and fails to install on Ubuntu 18.04

It might be the problem with your secure boot when installing nvidia-390 the first time. When you use nvidia-390 using sudo apt install nvidia-390 for the first time it will ask you to perform a Secure Boot disable upon reboot (if you enable Secure Boot, which you probably have because I have this problem before). After doing so, when u reboot back into grub, it will ask to add a MOK key into the file then u will be able to successfully install the drivers.

My suggestion is that if you don't have anything on your Ubuntu you should do a fresh reinstall 18.04 because I don't know other way to fix this problem.

The same statement applies with .run file from NVIDIA page

I hope I can help you some way. I just want to ask to u experience login loop after installing nvidia-390 drivers because I have it.

Thank you


You should boot from your Windows installation media (either DVD or USB) and select System Recovery. Then select Command Prompt.

In the window, you have to run

chkdsk /F C:
bootrec /fixboot
bcdboot C:\Windows /s C:

You should now make the partition active.

diskpart

DISKPART> select disk 0

selected disk 0

DISKPART> select partition 1

selected partition 1

DISKPART> active

partition 1 marked as active

Your partition number may differ from mine so run list partition before you select it. And if you select wrong partition, you can destroy Ubuntu, so be careful.

Then return to System Recovery Options and select Startup Repair. Then you can boot Windows from it's disk, but it's not the goal. You should now reboot to Ubuntu and run in the Terminal:

sudo update-grub

This should find Windows and place it's entry inside GRUB menu.


# Set to 'sudo' if you need superuser privileges while installing
SUDO=

PREFIX=${HOME}/sat

Apparently, if you didn't used sudo to install it, you just need to remove the sat directory. If you used sudo or changed the prefix, then just removing the directory should suffice.

The tool doesn't have uninstallation method.


How can I input Unicode characters in Kate and Konsole on Kubuntu 18.04?

As you observed, many Unicode characters can be entered in gtk-based applications using Ctrl+Shift+u followed by a specific alphanumeric string but such an approach doesn't work at all in Kate or Konsole. This has been the case since 2005 at least.

One has to instead use a Compose key. To do that, open System Settings > Input Devices > Keyboard > Advanced. In there, scroll down to Position of Compose Key. Expand that by clicking on > and choose a convenient key. I chose Caps Lock. Be aware that you'll no longer have the normal function of that key or any other key you set as the Compose key:

Once that is done, create an empty (hidden) file called .XCompose in your home folder and add the following line:

include "/usr/share/X11/locale/en_US.UTF-8/Compose"

Save the file. Then, examine /usr/share/X11/locale/en_US.UTF-8/Compose for suitable code as shown in an answer to How to type unicode characters in KDE?.

Here's a few examples copied from the answer:

Compose, v, C   →   Č
Compose, ´, E   →   É
Compose, _, u   →   ū
Compose, ^, i   →   î

If you still find there are symbols that you can't generate in Kate or Konsole such as the one in your question, ሴ,  a very, very, ugly workaround is to make a text file in a gtk text editor, generate all the missing symbols there, save the file and then copy/paste as needed into Kate or Konsole whenever you need them. That works just fine and saves the trouble of memorising a list of Unicode characters.


ubuntu 13.04, wifi not detecting after restarting PC, after a weekly software updates installation

Your wireless device is supposed to work with the driver rtl8192cu. Let's load it and see if your wireless starts:

sudo modprobe rtl8192cu

If so, let's get it to load automatically:

sudo -i
echo rtl8192cu >> /etc/modules
exit

If loading the module doesn't help, let's look for clues in the logs:

rfkill list all
dmesg | grep -i rtl


What is an elegant way to install non-repository software in 12.04?

Arronax is a plugin for Nautilus that gives you the "Create launcher" option from the right click menu back.


Is there a Firewall for Ubuntu which doesn't need to be turned on at every reboot like Gufw

Normally, there is no need to switch it on. The solution to your questions for ufw can be found here.
More informations you found here. The normal behavior is if it's enabled it keeps enabled after reboot. To try another, maybe this fits your need firewalld.

And it's described in the gufw UI.


Internet connection crashes while wifi / lan stay connected

Try reinstalling network-manager:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall network-manager
sudo dpkg-reconfigure network-manager

Edit:

Also you can try this: Network manager indicator missing

or even this:

sudo apt-get purge network-manager
sudo apt-get install network-manager


Downloading for bootable USB (lubuntu) - torrent vs download of standard image?

So far I'm under the impression that I should try out lubuntu and I
  have a USB stick I can use for booting.

You could also consider Xubuntu if Lubuntu comes up short. It uses the xfce desktop instead of the LMDE desktop and its apps and utilities are slightly more feature-ful.

  I've been looking for download links and I wonder if I can use any of
  the lubuntu 13.10 32 bit links or do I have to observe some details if
  I don't want to burn it on CD but use the USB?

Same download for USB vs DVD vs CD, alla same same.

  For example, there is a link that says "standard image disc" and one
  that says "torrent file". Looking up "torrent file" and finding out
  that it has something to do with metadata has not really been helpful.

A 'torrent' download uses the Bittorrent system where, once your machine downloads part of a file, it also uploads that to other folks seeking that file on Bittorrent. Wikipedia explains that in greater detail. You will likely finish the download more rapidly with a torrent IF you have a torrent client on the downloading machine, but it certainly is not required, and downloading the standard image is AOK.


Can't connect to wireless network with a Sabrent A111N USB Dongle

While RTL8188CUS is indeed supported, and should work out of the box, and yet, there are reports around the WWW that it doesn't. The device 'sees' the networks around, but won't connect to them. Here is a bug report.

That said, you can get it to work by downloading and installing the driver from Realtek. The device uses the rtl8192cu module by default, which can be varified by running lsmod | grep 8192 in a terminal.

Download RTL8192CU for Linux from Realtek.
Right click the downloaded file, select Extract Here.
Before installing, you need to blacklist the broken module, so run the following and reboot.

echo 'rtl8192cu' | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
Now open a terminal window and change to the driver folder

cd RTL8188C_8192C_USB_linux_v3.4.4_4749.20120806
Run sudo bash ./install.sh

Wireless should start working now. You'll need to reinstall the driver after every kernel update.


Try typing sudo apt-get purge monodoc-browser first


How to Install Packages has no installation candidate

I was able to download older versions of the packages for Xenial. They appear to be work fine. This is the second time I have used this workaround in Yakkety, but am not sure if it is normal and acceptable or not.

http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/amd64/libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0
http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/libgstreamer0.10-0


Restore default System file/folder permessions

In the link I posted in comments there is a command to create a file with permissions. I executed it on my machine and got this.

1st do this: https://askubuntu.com/a/309031/15811
Then add these commands to a script (copy/paste; name it restoreetc.sh, make it executable (chmod 775 restoreetc.sh) and execute it (gksudo restoreetc.sh):

chmod a+x /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen
chmod a+x /etc/grub.d/41_custom
chmod a+x /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+
chmod a+x /etc/grub.d/00_header
chmod a+x /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware
chmod a+x /etc/grub.d/10_linux
chmod a+x /etc/grub.d/40_custom
chmod a+x /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme
chmod a+x /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober
chmod a+x /etc/gtk-3.0/settings.ini
chmod a+x /etc/brltty/latex-access.ctb
chmod a+x /etc/security/namespace.init
chmod a+x /etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/zzz_avahi-autoipd
chmod a+x /etc/dhcp/dhclient-enter-hooks.d/avahi-autoipd
chmod a+x /etc/dhcp/dhclient-enter-hooks.d/samba
chmod a+x /etc/resolvconf/update-libc.d/avahi-daemon
chmod a+x /etc/resolvconf/update.d/libc
chmod a+x /etc/resolvconf/update.d/dnscache
chmod a+x /etc/mysql/debian-start
chmod a+x /etc/X11/xinit/xserverrc
chmod a+x /etc/X11/Xreset
chmod a+x /etc/X11/Xsession
chmod a+x /etc/dkms/template-dkms-mkdeb/debian/prerm
chmod a+x /etc/dkms/template-dkms-mkdeb/debian/postinst
chmod a+x /etc/dkms/template-dkms-mkdeb/debian/rules
chmod a+x /etc/wpa_supplicant/ifupdown.sh
chmod a+x /etc/wpa_supplicant/functions.sh
chmod a+x /etc/wpa_supplicant/action_wpa.sh
chmod a+x /etc/acpi/thinkpad-radiosw.sh
chmod a+x /etc/acpi/powerbtn.sh
chmod a+x /etc/acpi/fglrx-powermode.sh
chmod a+x /etc/acpi/asus-keyboard-backlight.sh
chmod a+x /etc/acpi/asus-wireless.sh
chmod a+x /etc/acpi/tosh-wireless.sh
chmod a+x /etc/acpi/ibm-wireless.sh
chmod a+x /etc/acpi/undock.sh
chmod a+x /etc/network/if-post-down.d/wireless-tools
chmod a+x /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/wireless-tools
chmod a+x /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/ethtool
chmod a+x /etc/network/if-up.d/avahi-autoipd
chmod a+x /etc/network/if-up.d/upstart
chmod a+x /etc/network/if-up.d/avahi-daemon
chmod a+x /etc/network/if-up.d/ethtool
chmod a+x /etc/network/if-up.d/000resolvconf
chmod a+x /etc/network/if-up.d/ntpdate
chmod a+x /etc/network/if-down.d/resolvconf
chmod a+x /etc/network/if-down.d/avahi-autoipd
chmod a+x /etc/network/if-down.d/upstart
chmod a+x /etc/smartd_warning.sh
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/sudo
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/dbus
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/brltty
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/cpufreqd
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/rcS
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/umountroot
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/saned
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/console-setup
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/unattended-upgrades
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/resolvconf
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/vboxautostart-service
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/single
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/loadcpufreq
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/rsync
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/apport
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/udev
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/urandom
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/dns-clean
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/bluetooth
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/vboxweb-service
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/killprocs
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/apparmor
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/lightdm
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/cups
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/rc
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/kmod
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/grub-common
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/vboxdrv
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/atieventsd
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/umountnfs.sh
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/rc.local
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/rsyslog
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/smartmontools
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/avahi-daemon
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/networking
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/bootchart
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/pulseaudio
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/pppd-dns
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/procps
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/tlp
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/halt
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/speech-dispatcher
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/anacron
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/umountfs
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/cpufrequtils
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/sendsigs
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/reboot
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/ondemand
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/x11-common
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/vboxballoonctrl-service
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/acpid
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/irqbalance
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/cups-browsed
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/kerneloops
chmod a+x /etc/pm/sleep.d/10_grub-common
chmod a+x /etc/pm/sleep.d/10_unattended-upgrades-hibernate
chmod a+x /etc/pm/sleep.d/novatel_3g_suspend
chmod a+x /etc/ppp/ipv6-down
chmod a+x /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/0dns-up
chmod a+x /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/0000usepeerdns
chmod a+x /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/000resolvconf
chmod a+x /etc/ppp/ip-down.d/0000usepeerdns
chmod a+x /etc/ppp/ip-down.d/0dns-down
chmod a+x /etc/ppp/ip-down.d/000resolvconf
chmod a+x /etc/ppp/ip-down
chmod a+x /etc/ppp/pppoe_on_boot
chmod a+x /etc/ppp/ipv6-up
chmod a+x /etc/ppp/ip-up
chmod a+x /etc/rmt
chmod a+x /etc/rc.local
chmod a+x /etc/cron.daily/0anacron
chmod a+x /etc/cron.daily/man-db
chmod a+x /etc/cron.daily/upstart
chmod a+x /etc/cron.daily/apport
chmod a+x /etc/cron.daily/update-notifier-common
chmod a+x /etc/cron.daily/cracklib-runtime
chmod a+x /etc/cron.daily/passwd
chmod a+x /etc/cron.daily/mlocate
chmod a+x /etc/cron.daily/bsdmainutils
chmod a+x /etc/cron.daily/popularity-contest
chmod a+x /etc/cron.daily/dpkg
chmod a+x /etc/cron.daily/apt
chmod a+x /etc/cron.daily/logrotate
chmod a+x /etc/smartmontools/run.d/10mail
chmod a+x /etc/smartmontools/run.d/10powersave-notify
chmod a+x /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/99tlp-rdw-nm
chmod a+x /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/01ifupdown
chmod a+x /etc/apm/event.d/20hdparm
chmod a+x /etc/apm/event.d/anacron
chmod a+x /etc/apm/scripts.d/alsa
chmod a+x /etc/update-motd.d/91-release-upgrade
chmod a+x /etc/update-motd.d/98-fsck-at-reboot
chmod a+x /etc/update-motd.d/10-help-text
chmod a+x /etc/update-motd.d/98-reboot-required
chmod a+x /etc/update-motd.d/00-header
chmod a+x /etc/update-motd.d/90-updates-available
chmod a+x /etc/cron.weekly/0anacron
chmod a+x /etc/cron.weekly/man-db
chmod a+x /etc/cron.weekly/fstrim
chmod a+x /etc/cron.weekly/update-notifier-common
chmod a+x /etc/cron.weekly/apt-xapian-index
chmod a+x /etc/avahi/avahi-autoipd.action
chmod a+x /etc/cron.monthly/0anacron
chmod a+x /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub
chmod a+x /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms
chmod a+x /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils
chmod a+x /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal
chmod a+x /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools
chmod a+x /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms
chmod a+x /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub
chmod a+x /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools
chmod a+x /etc/kernel/prerm.d/dkms
chmod a+x /etc/pcmcia/comedi
chmod a+x /etc/ca-certificates/update.d/jks-keystore


Graphic card Radeon HD 5450 or GeForce GT 210 with open source driver and HDMI

Okay, I buy a Radeon HD 5450 graphic card, because the Radeon driver supports TV-Out for this Evergreen GPU. Furthermore this card should be a little faster than the Nvidia pendant.


How can I audit users and access attempts to SSH on my server?

Since we're talking about SSH servers, I will give you command line solutions.

Track user logins and logouts. That's easy, the file /var/log/auth.log should have this information.
Track activity of those users: If they are fairly innocent, you can check the file .bash_history in their home dir. You will see a list of the commands that they executed. The problem is of course that they can delete or edit this file.
Prevent users from deleting logs: Users shouldn't be able to touch auth.log. In order to stop them from playing with .bash_history you need to do a couple of tricks.
What if the user manages to obtain root access? : You're screwed. Unless they make a mistake they will be able to hide all their footsteps.


i would say update to 310 drivers for nvidia.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install nvidia-310


I followed these instructions and ran

sudo mv /usr/share/doc/libsdl2-2.0-0/copyright /usr/share/doc/libsdl2-2.0-0/copyright.backup
sudo apt --fix-broken install` and that seems to work.

Now the only message I get is

W: APT had planned for dpkg to do more than it reported back (150 vs 154).
Affected packages: libsdl2-dev:amd64


Ubuntu 13.04 - some empathy plugins don't work

I have exactly the same problem. There is a problem with the implementation of these plugins. The only way I managed to solve it was to uninstall Empathy and install Pidgin instead.


Due to the incompatibility with CCSM and Unity, there might be a way to remove the top titlebar in Unity using Themes.

You could bind a script (example) to enable/disable the theming. The script - instead of killing/restarting the theme process as in the example - could replace the CSS files used for theming to change the activation of the title bar.


The package usb-creator-gtk needs to be reinstalled (NOT WORKING)

In my installed 18.04.1 LTS I have Python 2.7, as indicated by the following command.

$ LANG=C apt-cache policy python
python:
  Installed: 2.7.15~rc1-1
  Candidate: 2.7.15~rc1-1
  Version table:
 *** 2.7.15~rc1-1 500
        500 http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

I think you are right, when you suspect that the problem is the attempt to install Python 3.6.

I suggest that you try to remove it

sudo apt remove name-of-your-python-3.6-package

and after that try to reinstall the python2.7 package

sudo apt install python2.7

I am not sure that apt will be able to remove your Python 3.6 package and (re)install Python 2.7, and I don't know what to do if not, maybe use

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo dpkg -r package-name  # to remove
sudo dpkg -i package-name  # to install

If still problems, we need help from someone who knows more about repairing vital parts of Ubuntu, maybe @oldfred.


Just updated Xubuntu 16.10 to 17.04 and cannot boot

Try downloading the ISO for Ubuntu 17.10 to a USB stick and go from there. I have had better results with a fresh install of the OS instead of OS updates. Here is the link:
https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop


How do i recover corrupted tar.gz archives in Ubuntu?

Here's the 'official' stance about data recovery from a damaged gz file: http://www.gzip.org/recover.txt

Gzrecover (gZip Recovery Toolkit) is designed to attempt data recovery. Results vary. Also please notice the warning:

ATTENTION!!!!  99% of "corrupted" gzip archives are caused by transferring
the file via FTP in ASCII mode instead of binary mode.  Please re-transfer
the file in the correct mode first before attempting to recover from a file
you believe is corrupted.


Ubuntu 15.10 to 16.04 Upgrade: Could not download the upgrades

sudo apt-get remove gnome-mahjongg

Really! A desktop game prevented the upgrade o.O

The upgrade was successful after removing the game.


You can try K9Copy.

K9Copy facilitates several methods for backing up a DVD.

The software enables direct backup of a single layer DVD-5 provided the user's computer has a DVD recorder. Likewise, direct backup of a dual layer DVD-9 is possible with a dual layer DVD recorder.

K9Copy is able to fit the contents of a dual layer DVD-9 onto a single layer DVD-5.

To download just click k9copy .

For information on how to install .tar.gz, see How to install a .tar.gz

Source:K9copy


How do I change pen drive from read mode to full access?

Your drive is mounted read only (as indicated by the ro in the /proc/mounts output.  You could try to remount it with read-write permissions:

mount -o remount,rw /dev/sdb1 /media/ashgan/54E5-2AC5

(sudo might be required here)

I expect that this will present some error, which likely is the root cause why your pendrive was not mounted rw from the beginning


Symbols ñ and Ñ do not appear despite keymap being set

On English (UK, international with dead keys) the dead_tilde symbol is available via Shift+#, so pressing

Shift+# followed by N results in ñ
Shift+# followed by Shift+N results in Ñ

On English (UK, extended WinKeys) dead_tilde is available via AltGr+# instead. Hence typing ñ and Ñ isn't a reason for you to mess with xmodmap.


Install installer package on an installed system?

Try:

sudo apt-get install ubiquity-frontend-gtk


I had this simular problem aswell and I found a post for 19.04 on rpi here([https://askubuntu.com/questions/1202090/rpi-4b-ubuntu-19-10-resolution-problem][1]). you need to modify the file /boot/firmware/usercfg.txt and add the following lines:
disable_overscan=1
hdmi_force_hotplug=1
hdmi_enable_4kp60=1

hope this helps and good luck.


After extracting the archive, you'll find Aurora and Dark Aurora folders there. You have to put them in either ~/.local/share/themes or /usr/share/themes directory.

However, I saw that they don't appear in Unity Tweak Tool. The solution is using Gnome Tweak Tool to set the theme.

To install it -

sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Open and set the theme from Appearance Section.

Update after further information It appeared OP's .local folder was owned by root. To get the ownership use sudo chown -r your-user-name ~/.local before copying the theme folder. Then use cp without using sudo.


How would I know if I'm using PulseAudio, ALSA, or Jack?

If you are able to hear audio from things like the web browser (ie youtube), you are almost certainly running pulse. However, to be sure, try running
pactl list

on the terminal. If pulse isn't running, you'll get an error, or if it is running, it will give you a lot of information, which we can ignore for now.
For Jack, qjackctl is a very useful GUI app for controlling jack and doing audio and MIDI routing. When you start it, it will tell you if you're running jack or not.
It's possible to use jack and pulse at the same time, however, this is sometimes fiddly. What this means is that if you can hear web audio, this doesn't tell you whether or not you're running jack. However, it may be the case that when you start jack, all non-jack audio stops.
Depending on your audio app, you may need to tell it to use jack rather than pulse (or alsa).  For Yoshimi, this may be under the settings menu, which has tabs for Jack and ALSA.


So I was able to fix this issue by upgrading to Ubuntu 20(LTS), and switching my DNS provider to Cloudflare.


Remove LibreOffice version installed by dpkg -i *.deb

Found how to do it : Synaptic Package Manager. I had assumed that since sudo apt.. didn't know there was a libreoffice on board then even here it would be the same. But now I know this works differently.

I searched for "libreoffice" by name and it listed them all.. including not-installed but in-catalog ones (1.6.0.3! oh boy now I know why they ask not to install from the official repositories and ask us to add PPAs..). The 5.4 and 6.0 ones were all checked. So I selected all the 5.4 ones, right-clicked and marked for complete removal. Pressed the Apply button, and now the older one is gone, I have 700MB more space on the drive, its shortcuts are gone and entries from Open With.. are also gone. Clean uninstall.


Wireless configuration using /etc/network/interfaces documentation

I'm googling for the same thing, here is what I found.

Arguments prefixed with "wpa-",which are used for wpa_supplicant Managed Mode,are documented in /usr/share/doc/wpasupplicant/README.Debian.gz.

Arguments in form of wireless-<function> are equivalent to iwconfig <interface> <function> <value>, so the usage can refer to iwconfig(8) manpages.


How to send JSON as variable with bash curl?

You used single quotes which prevent the variable from being expanded. Use double quotes instead:

curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "$jsonvariable" http://localhost:8080/updates

If your variable content contains double quotes you can quote them with e.g. backslashes.

You can omit -X POST here because POST is the default method if you specify data to send with -d.

Further reading on quoting in bash: How do I enter a file or directory with special characters in its name?


If I upgrade Ubuntu 13.04 to 13.10 will I have to reinstall all of my software?

It depends on how you upgrade Ubuntu :

If you reinstall Ubuntu from scratch (with a Live DVD or an USB key), you will likely have to reinstall everything. It depends on how your hard drive disk is partitioned, which partitions you are keeping and what those kept partitions contain. If you put everything in a single partition you will have to reinstall everything, even your personal datas.
If you do it from the Update Manager, it should be fine. However there are some changes in packages and some programs might be broken or might not running fine.


How to remove specified versions of package using aptitude

You can use apt-get to install a specific version of the package a long as it is in an archive that apt knows about. From the apt-get manpage:

A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive name (stable, frozen, unstable).

For example, you could do:

sudo apt-get install apache2=2.2.20-1ubuntu1
Note that you may need to do some dependency resolution on your own in this case, but if there are any problems apt-get will tell you what is causing them. On my 11.10 system I would need to do the following to get this to work:

sudo apt-get install apache2=2.2.20-1ubuntu1 \
                     apache2.2-common=2.2.20-1ubuntu1 \
                     apache2.2-bin=2.2.20-1ubuntu1 \
                     apache2-mpm-worker=2.2.20-1ubuntu1'

Original Answer: How to install specific Ubuntu packages, with exact version?


I had the same issue. I changed the 4.5 in the TargetFramework in the *.vbproj file to 4.0 via a text editor.

You can get to the .vbproj file through terminal, just open in a text editor and make the change. After you reload your solution it should work.


What version of Ubuntu are you using?

Looks like there is no openjdk-6-jre for Ubuntu 12.10

You may see at java packages page that there is only openjdk-7-jre available.


System Audio is not working whenever I use Internet DJ Console (IDJC)

Internet DJ Console uses Jack audio server which may prevent standard sound server Pulseaudio to run:

One way to solve this would be to install vlc-plugin-jack  (VLC should then detect jack audio server and use it).
Or stopping jack server using qjackctl from Multimedia menu when you don't use Internet DJ Console. Relaunch sound software after stopping jack. If not ok, open a terminal , type pulseaudio in it  (+ Enter of course) then retest.


Are you on a 64 Bit system? Try to install gcc-multilib

sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib

and make again.


Why copying to flash drive takes time after copied-size matches the file size?

Ubuntu enables Write Caching for USB media by default, Windows does not (at least in XP and 7).

When using Write Chaching, your files are written to a buffer, which is then gradually written to the USB drive. If the whole file has been written to the buffer, the dialog will tell you that it has finished copying, while the OS is still busy moving the files from the buffer to the flash drive.

This is why you should always use the "safely eject" method in Ubuntu, since there might still be files in the buffer that are lost if you just unplug the flash drive.

I do not recommend disabling this feature (although you can) because it will greatly increase the wear of your flash drives (See this discussion  for the reason why this is a bad idea).


How do I stop two of almost every process running?

This seems to be related to running the NoMachine server. Once I shut down NoMachine server, the duplicates disappeared.


How to install XFCE alongside with Gnome in Trusty

Try this:

sudo -i
apt-get install xfwm4 xfce4-panel xfce4-settings xfce4-session xfce4-terminal xfdesktop4 xfce4-taskmanager tango-icon-theme thunar

Or

sudo -i
apt-get install --no-install-recommends xubuntu-desktop


The problem is that source is a bash build-in command (not a program - like ls or grep). I think one approach is to login as root and then execute the source command.

sudo -s
source /etc/bash.bashrc


How can i recover "Ubuntu" or "Ubuntu 2D" sessions?

Just install the package "ubuntu-desktop". It contains everything that's contained in the standard installation.


boot a livecd, open gparted then resize the 80gb partition to use the entire disk


Cinnamon desktop- software rending mode issue

One thing I found is:

If you have software-properties-common installed in a mint 17.1 Rebecca or Ubuntu 14.01 - 14.01.1 cinnamon system, use this command:

sudo apt-get install cinnamon*

To get rid of it and get your other cinnamon stuffs back. That fixes mine. Not sure about Mate or others.


WiFi stops working spontaneously on my Lenovo Y50-70

First of all, thanks ElderGeek and wie5Ooma.

I started following the guide ElderGeek posted, and while doing so I came across this thread, which offered a very good answer.

The problem was the driver, apparently there is a known problem with Realtek drivers on ubuntu. Insalling the driver from here (as proposed in the thread mentioned above) seemed to work like a charm.

I'll let you know if there's any change.

Thanks again!


How to delete multiple files that is created or owned by 'root'

You shouldn't delete random files owned by root without knowing what they are and the impact of deleting them.

The csv files owned by root can be removed with:-

/bin/rm $(find /tmp/*.csv -user root -print)

The two dot files .ICE-unix and .X11-unix will likely cause problems for graphical applications running under X or VNC if you delete them.

It looks like you're running some kind of Ubuntu server, so the dot files may be hanging around from an old VNC server which has long since been shutdown. If that's the case you can just remove them by name rm /tmp/.X11-unix /tmp/.ICE-unix.


How to Install Single Boot Ubuntu 18.04 on a MacbookAir3,1?

I was able to solve this question by following the steps outlined in the answer to this related question: Proprietary NVidia drivers with EFI on Mac, to prevent overheating

As it says there, essentially what's needed is to "create a GRUB script for setting the PCI-E registers during boot"


Can I install 10.04 on a Sandy Bridge box?

If you try an Ubuntu installation and it doesn't work you will still be able to install another operating system. Sandy bridge processors should run Ubuntu 10.04 fine so there is no reason to worry either way.


If you have your windows key you can download windows 10 and install windows 10 directly instead of Windows 8, check out this post to find your windows key if you do not have it written down. Windows 10 upgrade attempt destroyed both my Ubuntu and itself (windows 8.1). How do I wipe/format my hard drive to start fresh and try again?
Consider using Ubuntu side by side with Windows (Dual Boot) and once you are comfortable you can move to Ubuntu for good.


Simply uninstall the Snap-based applications that you are not using.
 sudo snap uninstall <snap-name>

You can also remove Snaps using the Ubuntu Software application.
Haywiring snapd is needless, complex, and often ineffective.


nvidia-smi command not found Ubuntu 16.04

The solution that worked for me was to disable secure boot when rebooting after installing the NVIDIA drivers.

sudo apt purge nvidia-*
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nvidia-381

Then reboot, in the menu choose "change secure boot options", put the password you previously chose and disable the secure boot.


don't have permission to access / on this server

The user 'www-data' needs at least read permissions (and for wordpress, write permissions) for the /media/mhsohag11/Local Disk/Sites/ directory. Run the following at a command line:

chgrp -R www-data /media/mhsoha11/Local\ Disk/Sites

chmod -R 664 /media/mhsoha11/Local\ Disk/Sites

This changes the group to the web server and gives the web server read and write permissions recursively to all files and directories under /media/mhsoha11/Local\ Disk/Sites inclusive.


If you never set a password in mysql, it will not auth with a username and password.  It just lets you connect(bad).  First thing to do after you install any sql is set a root or db user password (common practice for postgres is the postgres user).  Then with that user, you can add other users and assign permissions to different databases if you're trying to run multiple services against one DB instance.

If you think you did set a root password here's how to reset it, so you can get started.


libboost-dev cannot install due to circular dependency

I did some more poking around on this.

I don't know how (since this system is offline), but the libboost*1.48 packages were all installed in prohibiting the installation of the libboost1.46 packages (which are the 12.04 standard install).

As all I wanted were the standard install packages, I executed:

sudo dpkg -r libboost-*1.48.-dev
sudo dpkg -i libboost1.46-dev_1.46.1-7ubunut3_amd64.deb libboost-dev_1.48.0.2_amd64.deb

This completed the install successfully


Using CCSM
Open ccsm or CompizConfig-SettingsManager.
Go to Resize Window Plugin
On the Bindings tab, You'll see two icons, one is a mouse, another is keyboard icon.
Click on the clear button next to the value  for the keyboard icon.
That will reset the settings
Using terminal
Or use this command in a terminal to reset this to default Alt-F8
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings begin-resize [\'\<Alt\>F8\']


Update from old Kubuntu 18.10 to Kubuntu 19.10

Upgrading between versions of Ubuntu are stepwise:

Between versions next to each other, in your case from 18.10 to 19.04 and then from 19.04 to 19.10. But 19.04 has passed end of life, so it is not really an option. And even if it were it is a slow and risky path with two steps, likely to fail.
Between LTS versions, for example from 18.04 LTS to 20.04 LTS. We can expect this upgrade path to be available in August 2020.

If you want Ubuntu 19.10, the alternative is a fresh installation, where it is an option to keep the /home directory by copying it to a separate 'home' partition and point to it during the installation. This way you can keep settings, that are stored (for example in hidden files and directories) in your home directory, and you data files. But installed programs and global settings must be re-installed and reset.


Play videos with libwebkit in Ubuntu 11.10 server

OP has resolved the problem and posted answer as an update to the question;

  SOLVED: apparently it had to do with lack of audio. While chrome would
  play the video with no sound, libwebkit wouldn't start video. Adding
  user to audio and video groups solved the problem.


You could use rsync in non-recursive mode (without -r) together with recursive shell globs. That way you give it a list of all the files and subdirectories in your folder as arguments, but it will ignore all the directories and only transfer files.

Note: recursive globs (**) require the globstar shell option to be set in Bash. Enable it for the current session with shopt -s globstar or uncomment that line in your .bashrc file to enable it permanently.

$ tree .
.
└── somedir
    ├── anotherdir
    │   └── file3.txt
    ├── file1.txt
    └── file2.txt

$ rsync ** myserver:/tmp/rsynctest
skipping directory somedir
skipping directory anotherdir

$ ssh myserver tree /tmp/rsynctest
/tmp/rsynctest
├── file1.txt
├── file2.txt
└── file3.txt

If you want to specify other arguments to rsync that imply recursion (like e.g. -a), you can explicitly disable recursion again with --no-r instead.

The recursive glob can also be part of a longer path or more complex pattern. Just make sure all the files you want are included, any directory will be ignored.

$ rsync -avz --no-r somewhere/local/**/*.txt myserver:/tmp/rsynctest/
skipping directory .
skipping directory somedir
skipping directory anotherdir
file1.txt
file2.txt
file3.txt

sent 231 bytes  received 73 bytes  202.67 bytes/sec
total size is 0  speedup is 0.00


How I fixed this problem:

Install gnome-software:

$ sudo apt install gnome-software

With gnome-software update snap-store (tab name - Update)

PROFIT!


Change your repository server from ir.archive.ubuntu.com to archive.ubuntu.com (for example) in /etc/apt/sources.list file and then do update, upgrade and fix broken dependencies.


Help setting up wireless in Ubuntu 13.04

I assume you have a wired connection available (Ethernet). So plug your Ethernet cable to your computer and try the following:

1- Boot into Ubuntu

2- Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T

3- Type in the following (verbatim!)

sudo  apt-get  update  &&  sudo  apt-get  upgrade

press Enter, the command will prompt for your password (the one you use to login into Ubuntu), type it and press Enter. Wait for it to finish updating your system. Now type:

sudo  apt-get  remove  bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo  apt-get  install  firmware-b43-installer

Wait for the command to finish installing the driver, when done restart your computer. See if it worked by login into Ubuntu (unplugging the Ethernet cable) and seeing the if you have wireless Internet now.


Blacklist a Nvidia gpu for qemu/kvm passthrough

I have run into similar problems like you (Lubuntu 16.04).
This comes due to drivers/modules binding the devices to them before pci-stub is able to do this.
You have at least two options in here:

The first and easiest one would be to blacklist the modules that claim the device.
Type in lspci -knn | grep VGA -A 5 to see all your VGA pci devices and their device-number and their kernel modules.

01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:128b] (rev a1)
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device [1462:8c93]
    Kernel driver in use: nouveau
    Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau
01:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation GK208 HDMI/DP Audio Controller [10de:0e0f] (rev a1)
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] GK208 HDMI/DP Audio Controller [1462:8c93]
--
02:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GM204 [GeForce GTX 970] [10de:13c2] (rev a1)
    Subsystem: ZOTAC International (MCO) Ltd. GM204 [GeForce GTX 970] [19da:1366]
    Kernel driver in use: nouveau
    Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau
02:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation GM204 High Definition Audio Controller [10de:0fbb] (rev a1)
    Subsystem: ZOTAC International (MCO) Ltd. GM204 High Definition Audio Controller [19da:1366]

Now you need to check which driver is in use. For example nouveau grabbed my VGA-device 02:00.0 which i want to use for my VM, so I blacklist that one in:

  sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
  blacklist nouveau

and your are done.

In my case this would cause a problem since I have two nVidia VGA's installed (01:00.0 and 02:00.0) both running with the same driver. In my case I do not blacklist the driver.

I do manually unbind nouveau from my 02:00.0 VGA card, since i wanted to use
that card for my VM-guest and the 01:00.0 VGA for my Linux host.
Thanks to this guide i found out how to do so: https://lwn.net/Articles/143397/

Type in sudo tree /sys/bus/pci/drivers/nouveau. Exchange nouveau with whatever module grabbed your device.

You should recieve a list like this:

/sys/bus/pci/drivers/nouveau
├── 0000:01:00.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/0000:01:00.0
├── 0000:02:00.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/0000:02:00.0
├── bind
├── module -> ../../../../module/drm
├── new_id
├── remove_id
├── uevent
└── unbind

We see that driver nouveau has to devices binding to it: 0000:01:00.0 and 0000:02:00.0

To unbind and bind my graphic-card I first need to turn off lightdm.service. Therefor I open the console outside of the desktop environment with CTRL+ALT+F2 for example.
Login as root and type systemctl stop lightdm.service

Now I can unbind the module from the graphics-card:

echo -n "0000:02:00.0" > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/nouveau/unbind

and bind it to whatever module I want (pci-stub or vfio-pci). I used vfio-pci.

echo -n "0000:02:00.0" > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/vfio-pci/bind

After that, you can start your desktopmanager again:
systemctl start lightdm.service

If everything worked you should find your device binded to the module you specified by looking up with lspci -knn | grep VGA -A 5 again.

01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:128b] (rev a1)
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device [1462:8c93]
    Kernel driver in use: nouveau
    Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau
01:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation GK208 HDMI/DP Audio Controller [10de:0e0f] (rev a1)
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] GK208 HDMI/DP Audio Controller [1462:8c93]
--
02:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GM204 [GeForce GTX 970] [10de:13c2] (rev a1)
    Subsystem: ZOTAC International (MCO) Ltd. GM204 [GeForce GTX 970] [19da:1366]
    Kernel driver in use: vfio-pci
    Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau
02:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation GM204 High Definition Audio Controller [10de:0fbb] (rev a1)
    Subsystem: ZOTAC International (MCO) Ltd. GM204 High Definition Audio Controller [19da:1366]

Unfortunately this workaround loses effect after reboot. Yet i did not find out on how to make it persistent. Maybe anybody else can give me a hint. Something like a startscript would be possible, i guess. But it would be better beeing able to bind the device to a specific module without having to unbind it first. Imagine i would like to use the nvidia driver one day. In that case unbinding from nouveau would be useless since the graphics card would be bind to the nvidia module.


the closest to that wysiwyg that you want is Lyx. Check it out, in youtube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiDFyIuloy4

you find some tutorial so you can get the feeling of it. I am using a drawing app (Miro) for maths in a "whiteboard" in android, I share that app from my tablet and use the PC for audio and presentations.


How to patch the Vulnerability [CVE-2014-0224] in OpenSSL?

Make sure you have a currently supported release: 10.04-server, 12.04, 14.04 or 13.10.

~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS
Release:    12.04
Codename:   precise

Make sure you install the latest updates. sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
Verify. apt-cache policy openssl should show as installed version 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.14.

apt-cache policy openssl
openssl:
  Installed: 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.14
  Candidate: 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.14
  Version table:
 *** 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.14 0
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main i386 Packages
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main i386 Packages
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main i386 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

Restart any services or the system just to be sure.


When upgraded from Ubuntu 19.10 to 20.04 having GeForce 7800 GT with nouveau driver the screen goes very messy

Have you tried downloading the driver directly from NVIDIA's website and installing it?


There is far more to a laptop than just the CPU and RAM, so when checking the HCL verify that the make and model of the laptop are on there. Please also verify the MD5SUM of the ISO that you downloaded and burned to the CD. I've seen similar issues with bad burns (or bad ISO downloads). You can get a list of the correct MD5SUMs for 12.04 from http://releases.ubuntu.com/12.04/MD5SUMS


How to tell if current version was upgraded or a fresh install

A clean install of Ubuntu 16.04 should have no files in directory /var/log/dist-upgrade.  So you could test for the existence of main.log there to determine if the installation was a clean install or an upgrade, eg using bash

if [ -f /var/log/dist-upgrade/main.log ]
then echo upgrade
else echo clean install
fi

For more info refer to DebuggingUpdateManager


Sample conversion from bat to bash
#!/bin/bash
# Old bat lines are commented out
# set projectPath=D:\git\testproject
PROJECTPATH="home/admin/projects/testproject"
#cd %projectPath%
cd $PROJECTPATH
mvn clean test -Dxmlfile=dev.xml
#pause
sleep 5   # This will sleep for 5 seconds.

Save this code in a file. Give it a name, something like mymvn or mymvn.sh. Save the file in ~/bin. See Where should I put my bash scripts for why.
Now you type the name of the bash file in the terminal to run these commands.
Some background
The first line is called shebang. See What is "#!' in a script file? for more.
Linux is case sensitive. See Correct Bash and shell script variable capitalization. Also note, file and folder names are case sensitive too.
I don't know of a pause command in bash. I used sleep 5 as a place holder. You may not need it if you invoke the mymvn from the terminal.
Hope this helps


NetworkManager add dns entries when connecting to certain dhcp servers

I have an alternate suggestion. If you have the option, perhaps you could set this at your DHCP server? I use pfSense as a DHCP server and DNS server on my LAN. You could then run an internal DNS server that would resolve your name for you.

Might that be a possibility?


How to group mounted devices under Nautilus icon in the launcher?

This is sorted out in this solution. It is not grouping but it is behaving like in 14.04. How to stop partition icons in Unity launcher?


Ubuntu 20.04 loses network in AWS after updates 28 october

I don't know if this will help in your specific case, but I know it's helped a lot of other EC2 users with SSH problems.
Note: Change the MAC addresses in the example for your information...
# This file is generated from information provided by the datasource.  Changes
# to it will not persist across an instance reboot.  To disable cloud-init's
# network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      match:
        macaddress: 06:bf:0c:4a:a5:d6
      set-name: eth0
  bridges:
    br0:
      dhcp4: true
      macaddress: 06:bf:0c:4a:a5:d6
      interfaces:
        - eth0

Note: You may need to create /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg
network: {config: disabled}

sudo netplan --debug generate
sudo netplan apply
reboot # mandatory
See https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/faq.html


How to remove Debian screen at system start?

Look here - go down to 'Themes'
It basically says:

Themes
As root run the next commands:
/usr/sbin/plymouth-set-default-theme --list

To display all installed themes.
/usr/sbin/plymouth-set-default-theme THEME

To set one theme, where THEME is one of listed in the previous command.
If you get the error "/usr/lib/plymouth/script.so does not exist", install plymouth-drm.
aptitude install plymouth-drm

And try again to set the theme.
Apply changes
update-initramfs -u


Ubuntu 13.04 freezes after boot or suspend (every other time)

It's possible you're seeing a GPU lockup.

I've experienced this on my Intel based Thinkpad X220 laptop, and there's a few bugs filed for various flavours of GPU lockup.

Such as this one:- https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xserver-xorg-video-intel/+bug/1029443

May also be one of these upstream bugs:- https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53379
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53385

Comment 4 & 5 on this bug give a suggestion which works for one user:- https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xserver-xorg-video-intel/+bug/1043562

"Tim: please test with sna turned on, put this in /etc/X11/xorg.conf:

Section "Device"
 Identifier "intel"
 driver "intel"
 Option "Accelmethod" "sna"
EndSection

"

Might be worth a punt?


How to change MATLAB's default work folder?

in my case i install matlab in  this directory /usr/local/MATLAB/R2012a
then you go to /usr/local/MATLAB/R2012a/toolbox/local

ls startup.m

if you can't find the startup.m you can create this file by yourself.

the file contain syntax like this :

cd /path/your/path/you/want/matlab_work

it's work for me :)


OP posted:

  I've seen that in /var/lib/maas/dhcp/dhcpd.leases not all nodes in ready state do have a host block with a static entry. I added one for the IP that I need for the machine in question and run dhclient again. I hope this will stick for now, though the source for the issue remains unknown.


Custom folder icon in lubuntu's PCman File Manager

I'm not sure if there's a way to use the file manager, but here's your best option.

First, create a directory somewhere to store all of your icons. I will often make a hidden folder in my home directory called .myfiles

Next, direct PCManFM to /usr/share/applications

In order to edit the application icon, you will need root access. You can find this in the Tools menu.

After you gain root access, find the application you wish to change. Right-click it and edit the file with Leafpad.

Finally, search for the line that starts with Icon=

You can change it to the location of your custom icon. If you created the hidden directory mentioned above, the line might look like:

Icon=/home/USERNAME/.myfiles/YOURICON.SVG

Save the file. You may have to logout or restart. I don't remember. Hope that helps.


disable prtscr+alt gr+e , accidentally killing session

if so, how do i disable it?

You don't want to disable the Magic SysRq!

The key combination AltSysRq triggers the Magic SystemRequest and allows to enter combinations of single keys to shut down your system in a controlled way, even when everything else has become completely unresponsive.

This is your life-saver. Don't throw it over board ;)

EDIT: The behaviour of SysRq can be controlled by writing the bitmask for the allowed actions to the file /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq. A value of 0 disables everything, so

echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

will do the job. But you have been warned ;)

EDIT: To disable permanently, add the line:

kernel.sysrq = 0

to /etc/sysctl.conf. either that or create a file in /etc/sysctl.d/* with the mentioned line.


There's a few conditions which will trigger a fsck when a filesystem is mounted.

Firstly the maximum mount count, and the check interval. To see these, try:

sudo tune2fs -l /dev/sda1

Replace sda1 with the filesystem you want to check.

You're looking for:

Mount count:              9
Maximum mount count:      29
Last checked:             Tue Nov 15 17:15:10 2011
Check interval:           15552000 (6 months)
Next check after:         Sun May 13 18:15:10 2012

Here you can see my drive has been mounted 9 times since it was last checked, and it will force a check after 29 mounts just to make sure everything is still okay. It will also do one after 6 months even if the maximum mount count hasn't been reached. (these values are also tweakable with tune2fs).

Secondly, if the filesystem is not cleanly unmounted, the next mount attempt will trigger a fsck. This is also in the tune2fs output, look for:

Filesystem state:         clean


`du` shows non zero size of empty catalog

Directories in ext4 filesystems grow, but don't shrink. So, if at some point it had to take up 19M for storing details of files in it, it will retain that much space even if those files were deleted. If you want to shrink a now-empty directory, delete and recreate it:

rmdir foo && mkdir foo

Or, retaining permissions:

mkdir foo2
chown --reference=foo foo2
getfacl foo | setfacl --set-file=- foo2
rmdir foo
mv foo2 foo

Source:

Unix & Linux: Why is this empty directory 3.5MB?


If I SSH into a server via terminal and start a process to copy files, is it killed after I log out?

Yes, the process will get a "Hangup" signal (SIGHUP), which is not usually caught, and results in process termination. Read man -a signal and the man pages it points to.

The nohup command was designed to overcome this difficulty, without the overhead of screen or tmux (nohup was invented first, back when "Hangup" referred to modems). You can specify a logfile, or let nohup save STDOUT and STDERR to ./nohup.out, if possible, or $HOME/nohup.out if not.

nohup command >$HOME/command.log &


touch pad not working Acer swift 3 with ubuntu 18.04.03

After upgrading the version of Kernel to latest I simply did Ctrl+Fn+F7. (Turn off secure boot by setting a password in BIOS).


Is it safe to install VirtualBox for 10.10 in 11.04?

The Maverick version works just fine in Natty (speaking as somebody who's currently doing a load of Photoshop work in an XP VM). If you upgrade from Maverick, it'll continue to work as before.

Whether it's safe or not, Natty still isn't a production-ready operating system. If you need it for work, you'd do best to hold out until after it's released (and even then, you might want to wait a couple of weeks).


Bluetooth Headphone paired but not recognized as sound card (KDE Neon - 16.04)

I found the solution in other post:

Pair Bose Quietcomfort 35

Looks that is some problem with the Bluetooth LE tech. Just disable it before pair does the job


Call Beacon?

Seriously, the question has been answered on help.ubuntu.com at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Partitioning/Home/Moving