How can I install and use powerline plugin?

Plugin Installation:

Install python-pip and git: Open terminal by hitting Ctrl+Alt+T and run:

sudo apt-get install python-pip git

Per user:
In terminal run:

pip install --user git+git://github.com/Lokaltog/powerline

Add ~/.local/bin to $PATH by modifying ~/.profile with your favourite editor:

gksudo gedit ~/.profile

and adding following lines at the end of it:

if [ -d "$HOME/.local/bin" ]; then
    PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
fi

System wide:
In terminal run:

su -c 'pip install git+git://github.com/Lokaltog/powerline'

Font Installation:

Powerline provides two ways of installing the required fonts. If you're using one of following terminal: Gnome Terminal, Konsole, lxterminal, st, Xfce Terminal, Terminator, Guake, Yakuake then you should use "Fontconfig" method.

Fontconfig: (recommended)

Per User:
Run the following commands in terminal:

wget https://github.com/Lokaltog/powerline/raw/develop/font/PowerlineSymbols.otf https://github.com/Lokaltog/powerline/raw/develop/font/10-powerline-symbols.conf
mkdir -p ~/.fonts/ && mv PowerlineSymbols.otf ~/.fonts/
fc-cache -vf ~/.fonts
mkdir -p ~/.config/fontconfig/conf.d/ && mv 10-powerline-symbols.conf ~/.config/fontconfig/conf.d/

System wide:
Run the following commands in terminal:

wget https://github.com/Lokaltog/powerline/raw/develop/font/PowerlineSymbols.otf https://github.com/Lokaltog/powerline/raw/develop/font/10-powerline-symbols.conf
sudo mv PowerlineSymbols.otf /usr/share/fonts/
sudo fc-cache -vf
sudo mv 10-powerline-symbols.conf /etc/fonts/conf.d/

Patched font:
Use this method only if "Fontconfig" method doesn't work for you or you're using a terminal other than mentioned above.

Download the font of your choice from powerline-fonts.
Move your patched font to ~/.fonts/ for per user installation or /usr/share/fonts for system wide installation.
Run fc-cache -vf ~/.fonts to update your font cache, sudo fc-cache -vf to do it system wide.

To use patched font in Gvim see this answer and to change the font of your respective terminal check this question: How to change the font of various terminal emulators?. You may have to reboot your system after font installation for changes to take effect.

Usage: (for per user installation)

Vim statusline:
Add following to your ~/.vimrc or /etc/vim/vimrc:

set rtp+=$HOME/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/powerline/bindings/vim/

" Always show statusline
set laststatus=2

" Use 256 colours (Use this setting only if your terminal supports 256 colours)
set t_Co=256

Bash prompt:
Add the following line to your ~/.bashrc or /etc/bash.bashrc:

if [ -f ~/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/powerline/bindings/bash/powerline.sh ]; then
    source ~/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/powerline/bindings/bash/powerline.sh
fi

Zsh prompt:
Add the following line to your ~/.zshrc or /etc/zsh/zshrc:

if [[ -r ~/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/powerline/bindings/zsh/powerline.zsh ]]; then
    source ~/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/powerline/bindings/zsh/powerline.zsh
fi

Tmux statusline:
Add the following line to your ~/.tmux.conf:

source ~/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/powerline/bindings/tmux/powerline.conf
set-option -g default-terminal "screen-256color"

If your terminal supports 256 colours, set TERM environment variable to xterm-256color by modifying ~/.bashrc or /etc/bash.bashrc and adding following line:

export TERM=xterm-256color

To check if your terminal supports 256 colours check the documentation of your terminal or google it. Most popular terminals support 256 colours.

Usage: (for system wide installation)

Vim statusline:
Add following to your ~/.vimrc or /etc/vim/vimrc:

set rtp+=/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/powerline/bindings/vim/

" Always show statusline
set laststatus=2

" Use 256 colours (Use this setting only if your terminal supports 256 colours)
set t_Co=256

Bash prompt:
Add the following line to your ~/.bashrc or /etc/bash.bashrc:

if [ -f /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/powerline/bindings/bash/powerline.sh ]; then
    source /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/powerline/bindings/bash/powerline.sh
fi

Zsh prompt:
Add the following line to your ~/.zshrc or /etc/zsh/zshrc:

if [[ -r /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/powerline/bindings/zsh/powerline.zsh ]]; then
    source /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/powerline/bindings/zsh/powerline.zsh
fi

Tmux statusline:
Add the following line to your ~/.tmux.conf:

source /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/powerline/bindings/tmux/powerline.conf
set-option -g default-terminal "screen-256color"

If your terminal supports 256 colours, Set TERM environment variable to xterm-256color by modifying ~/.bashrc or /etc/bash.bashrc and adding following line:

export TERM=xterm-256color

To check if your terminal supports 256 colours check the documentation of your terminal or google it. Most popular terminals support 256 colours.

Configuration:

For detailed information on configuring Powerline: Configuration.

Uninstall:

To uninstall Powerline run one of following commands in terminal:

To uninstall per user installation:

pip uninstall powerline

To uninstall system wide installation:

su -c 'pip uninstall powerline'

Source: Powerline beta documentation

Alternatives:

If you're installing Powerline just for Vim you should try vim-airline which is more customizable and lightweight.


Got the same crazy issue but I found that it can be fixed by resetting the fonts to defaults using the Unity Tweak Tool. It's a available in the Software Center. I would like to know why it is doing this, though. I have to reset everything about once a week. :)


Being as this problem did not exist in my old version I have come up with the answer to my question. My solution to this problem is going to be to erase 18.04 and install 16.04. Thanks for all the help.

Update: Problem still exists. Update was not the issue. :(


"Failed to start session" after interrupted upgrade to 14.04

After issuing the following command I was able to log in again:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

I had previously removed update-notifier which caused some other packages to be removed, some of which it seems were necessary to successfully perform the distribution upgrade.


Need step by step procedure of partitioning hard disk for dual boot

The best way to prepare hard drive for dual boot is to have one partition for Windows and one partition for Ubuntu. Forget about obsolete advices of having separate /home partition, separate D: partition for data etc. Such approach causes more trouble than benefit.

In your setup, the easiest and most fault-proof method would be to do fresh installation of Windows 7 on whole drive and then install Ubuntu and let the installer shrink the Windows 7 partition. Ubuntu installer have option of install alongside Windows 7 and does it pretty well.

If You need more details, please read Dual Boot Partitions article in official Ubuntu documentation.

PS

Keep in mind, that Windows 7 by default also creates hidden, small (100MB) partition in the beginning of the drive. Ubuntu will also need additional partition for swap area. This is nothing to worry about. Just install Windows 7 on whole drive, and then let Ubuntu installer automatically do the rest.


Removable storage shortcut and a panel shortcuts

Gnome tweak tool > Desktop check the box on Mounted Volumes
super+alt+ right click on the top panel Add to panel > application launcher


Why can I start a root shell with sudo even with a '! ' in its shadow entry?

An ! in the shadow entry's encrypted password field means that no password can authenticate against it. From man shadow:

If the password field contains some string that is not a valid
result of crypt(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able
to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the
system by other means).

As the manual says, this does not mean that you can't login as root. It just means that you can't login as root using a password for the root account. (You can login as root via SSH using SSH keys, for example, if you had configured it earlier, even if the account is locked.)

sudo normally authenticates with your password, not root's. This can be changed by setting one of targetpw, rootpw or runaspw in sudoers. If you set one these options, and try to use a password when the password is locked, that will fail.


If you boot an Ubuntu live session, then the home partition will be shown in Nautilus, so you can just click to mount it. Then you can copy the folders elsewhere like you do with any other folder.


Upgrading to Ubuntu 12.04 loses keyboard and mouse

Upon upgrade I was unable to use my Logitech MX550 wireless keyboard and mouse.

Using information from this site, I was able to gain full use of my mouse and keyboard as follows:

I booted into Ubuntu 12.04 on my desktop.
Booted into Ubuntu on my laptop.
Used ssh on my laptop to log into my desktop.

After logging in via ssh but before performing step 4, you may need to use lsusb to determine your receiver's product ID. Mine is c71[34]. Another user with a similar situation had product ID c52b.

Created a new file with the command:

sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/97-bluetooth-hid2hci.rules

Added the following lines to the file:

ACTION=="remove", GOTO="hid2hci_end"
SUBSYSTEM!="usb", GOTO="hid2hci_end"

# Logitech devices
KERNEL=="hidraw*", ATTRS{idVendor}=="046d", ATTRS{idProduct}=="c71[34]", \
RUN+="hid2hci --method=logitech-hid --devpath=%p"

ENV{DEVTYPE}!="usb_device", GOTO="hid2hci_end"

LABEL="hid2hci_end"

If your product ID is not c71[34], then replace that with your product ID (which you may have obtained with lsusb as described above).

Saved the file.
Reloaded the rule as root with:

sudo udevadm control --reload-rules

Rebooted the desktop to find my mouse and keyboard working (instead of rebooting, reattaching the keyboard/mouse dongle works too).

*alternately you can run the following to reset the dongle

modprobe -r hid_logitech_dj
modprobe hid_logitech_dj


Package responsible for Unity Dash search results (home lens, category "References")

I just filed my bug report against unity-scope-home for now.
If any other package would be more suitable, please still tell me and I'll move the report.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity-scope-home/+bug/1560538


You could just use a TTY without LightDM.

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 – F6 (Any key from F1 to F6).
You can then enter your username and password to login. No symbols are shown for the password.
You will have a shell. Use logout to logout.
If you want to return to LightDM, Ctrl+Alt+F7.


Updates problem giving a PPA not found error

This is not the nvidia drivers - someone (you?) has added a PPA for the purpose of installing some software.  The PPA in question however, does not support Ubuntu 14, only Ubuntu 16.

Open Software & Updates, look for a line similar to http://ppa:launchpad.net/c-korn... and uncheck the line.   After that, you should be fine.


Connect to a Microsoft Exchange 5.5 server using Evolution

You'll need to use the MAPI plugin for Evolution.

sudo apt-get install evolution-mapi

I've been able to use this successfully at a previous place of employment where the only source of mail was an Exchange Server. To my knowledge contact syncing did not work - but calendar and mail services worked properly.

During the setup I needed to use the IP address of the exchange server (you can find this out by contacting your local IT or running a dig against the mail server's domain) as well as including my domain for the user login ( eg: DOMAIN\user). After setup of the account I needed to restart evolution for the sync to take place.


sudo apt-get install returns a 404 error but ping returns packets. Is it a problem with my network configurations?

Try running apt-get update first.  It's possible the sources have changed.  If you can download other packages (try apt-get install zip or something similar), then the package just isn't there.


What happens when I install the package "linux"?

Very little - as per this link -

This will install whatever is the latest kernel for your distribution.

Perhaps only useful if you accidentally delete your latest kernel and you want a quick way to install the latest available.


From the start, after creating your directory, you should have  all the persimissions for yourself to read write and execute.

Right after mkdir if you use ls -l command the output should be like this

drwxr-xr-x 2 osboxes osboxes 4096 May 25 09:52 mydir

In order to return to that configuration you could run :

chmod 755 mydir

If you just want to remove all permsissions to anyone but you

chmod go-rx mydir

It could be useful to read more about Understanding Linux Permissions and chmod Usage


what are the packages that should be installed in play on linux?

With playonlinux, you shouldn't really have to install any other packages per se, it's more about installing games; playonlinux should prompt you to download anything it needs to help you.


tar.gz file encrypted with truecrypt, how to decode it?

If you choose a file that already exists as your Truecrypt container, that file is overwritten. You create a truecrypt volume and place the files inside that volume, you do not encrypt a file such as a tar.gz like you might do with openssl.

When you create a volume, you should get this warning:

Unfortunately you have lost your data, although if you manipulated the files concerned on other areas of your drive, you might be able to recover something by using recovery software. Please see this article, which details various approaches:

How to recover deleted files?


I tried again and moved the scanner a bit and it works now. I suspect it's a bad USB cable.


ImportError: No module named datetime upgrade to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS AWS CLI

I finally decided it must be the AWS CLI because I noticed that it had it's own python directory.  So I uninstalled AWS CLI and reinstalled it and that fixed the problem:

sudo pip uninstall awscli

sudo pip install awscli


I have the same problem it's Ubuntu if you manage to install it download ukuu and update the kernel but before when GRUB appears “Install Ubuntu” then press  e then add  nouveau.modeset=0  after  quiet splash
See if that works. I managed to install Debian and it runs flawlessly BUT the nvidia drivers don't work in either distro.


Can Ubuntu be used to set-up BigblueButton?

It could. You can find detailed setup instructions for BigBlueButton on Ubuntu 16.04 64-bit server, here:

http://docs.bigbluebutton.org/install/install.html


Apache daemon file under init.d is empty

Open the folder /var/cache/apt/archives and find the apache deb file (apache2-common...).

Extract the file with:

dpkg -x <your_deb> /tmp/apache2

Replace your empty /etc/init.d/apache2 with /tmp/apache2/etc/init.d/apache2

If the file is not found, then you can you download a deb file here.

For older versions here or here. Take the version that fits most.

Or take this for your Ubuntu 9.10, taken from apache2-common_2.0.55-4ubuntu2.13_amd64.deb:

#!/bin/bash -e
#
# apache2       This init.d script is used to start apache2.
#           It basically just calls apache2ctl.

ENV="env -i LANG=C PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"

#edit /etc/default/apache2 to change this.
NO_START=0

set -e
if [ -x /usr/sbin/apache2 ] ; then
    HAVE_APACHE2=1
else
    exit 0
fi

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

test -f /etc/default/rcS && . /etc/default/rcS
test -f /etc/default/apache2 && . /etc/default/apache2
if [ "$NO_START" != "0" -a "$1" != "stop" ]; then
        [ "$VERBOSE" != "no" ] && log_warning_msg "Not starting apache2 - edit /etc/default/apache2 and change NO_START to be 0.";
        exit 0;
fi

APACHE2="$ENV /usr/sbin/apache2"
APACHE2CTL="$ENV /usr/sbin/apache2ctl"

apache_stop() {
    PID=""
    PIDFILE=""
    AP_CONF=/etc/apache2/apache2.conf

    # apache2 allows more than PidFile entry in the config but only the
    # last found in the config is used; we attempt to follow includes
    # here, but only first-level includes are supported, not nested ones

    for i in $AP_CONF `awk '$1 ~ /^\s*[Ii]nclude$/ && $2 ~ /^\// {print $2}' $AP_CONF`; do
        PIDFILE=`grep -i ^PidFile $i | tail -n 1 | awk '{print $2}'`
        if [ -e "$PIDFILE" ]; then
            PID=`cat $PIDFILE`
        fi
    done

    errors=`$APACHE2 -t 2>&1`
    if [ $? = 0 ]; then
        # if the config is ok than we just stop normaly

        if [ -n "$PID" ]
        then
            $APACHE2CTL stop

            CNT=0
            while [ 1 ]
            do
                CNT=$(expr $CNT + 1)

                [ ! -d /proc/$PID ] && break

                if [ $CNT -gt 60 ]
                then
                    if [ "$VERBOSE" != "no" ]; then
                        echo " ... failed!"
                        echo "Apache2 failed to honor the stop command, please investigate the situation by hand."
                    fi
                    return 1
                fi

                sleep 1
            done
        else
            if [ "$VERBOSE" != "no" ]; then
                echo -n " ... no pidfile found! not running?"
            fi
        fi

    else
        [ "$VERBOSE" != "no" ] && echo "$errors"

        # if we are here something is broken and we need to try
        # to exit as nice and clean as possible

        # if pidof is null for some reasons the script exits automagically
        # classified as good/unknown feature
        PIDS=`pidof apache2` || true

        REALPID=0
        # if there is a pid we need to verify that belongs to apache2
        # for real
        for i in $PIDS; do
            if [ "$i" = "$PID" ]; then
                # in this case the pid stored in the
                # pidfile matches one of the pidof apache
                # so a simple kill will make it
                REALPID=1
            fi
        done

        if [ $REALPID = 1 ]; then
            # in this case everything is nice and dandy
            # and we kill apache2
            kill $PID
        else
            # this is the worst situation... just kill all of them
            #for i in $PIDS; do
            #   kill $i
            #done
            # Except, we can't do that, because it's very, very bad
            if [ "$PIDS" ] && [ "$VERBOSE" != "no" ]; then
                                echo " ... failed!"
                    echo "You may still have some apache2 processes running.  There are"
                    echo "processes named 'apache2' which do not match your pid file,"
                    echo "and in the name of safety, we've left them alone.  Please review"
                    echo "the situation by hand."
                        fi
                        return 1
        fi
    fi
}

# Stupid hack to keep lintian happy. (Warrk! Stupidhack!).
case $1 in
    start)
        [ -f /etc/apache2/httpd.conf ] || touch /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
        # ssl_scache shouldn't be here if we're just starting up.
        [ -f /var/run/apache2/ssl_scache ] && rm -f /var/run/apache2/*ssl_scache*
        # /var/run and /var/lock could be on a tmpfs
        [ ! -d /var/run/apache2 ] && mkdir /var/run/apache2
        [ ! -d /var/lock/apache2 ] && mkdir /var/lock/apache2
        # Make sure /var/lock/apache2 has the correct permissions
        chown www-data /var/lock/apache2

        log_begin_msg "Starting apache 2.0 web server..."
        if $APACHE2CTL startssl; then
                        log_end_msg 0
                else
                        log_end_msg 1
                fi
    ;;
    stop)
        log_begin_msg "Stopping apache 2.0 web server..."
        if apache_stop; then
                        log_end_msg 0
                else
                        log_end_msg 1
                fi
    ;;
    reload)
        log_begin_msg "Reloading apache 2.0 configuration..."
        if $APACHE2CTL graceful $2 ; then
                        log_end_msg 0
                else
                        log_end_msg 1
                fi
    ;;
    restart | force-reload)
        log_begin_msg "Forcing reload of apache 2.0 web server..."
        if ! apache_stop; then
                        log_end_msg 1
                fi
        if $APACHE2CTL startssl; then
                        log_end_msg 0
                else
                        log_end_msg 1
                fi
    ;;
    status)
        exit 4
    ;;
    *)
        echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/apache2 start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload" >&2
        exit 2
    ;;
esac


Create a file template.xml containing the text above

IFS=$(echo -en "\n\b") ; for C in `cat city.txt` ; do sed s/CITY-FROM-TEXT-FILE-LINE-1/$C/ template.xml ; done > cities.xml

Commands used

cat ; concatenate a file to STDOUT
sed ; stream editor

We also use the standard bash for loop mechanism, and redirection to a file.

For further reading I recommend ;

Advanced bash scripting guide (also good for beginners)
Sculpting text with grep, sed and awk (an introduction to three of the most useful text-processing tools on Unix)


How do I use PAM with MySQL (on Xenial)?

Wow.

After browsing through /var/log/auth.log and seeing the following message, I have finally figured out that this is due to a bug in the libpam-mysql package.

PAM unable to dlopen(pam_mysql.so): /lib/security/pam_mysql.so: undefined symbol: make_scrambled_password
PAM adding faulty module: pam_mysql.so

A solution, for anyone who's interested, is to uninstall the official libpam-mysql and go with an unofficial package which fixes this bug.

[ Source ]


Ubuntu installer crashes with grub-install /dev/sda failed fatal error

oldfred answered this 90% in a comment but I feel the ultimate advice was incorrect.
If you opt for EFI boot, you must use GPT partitioning rather than MBR partitioning.  It appears that your previous Win7 install was installed in MBR mode rather than EFI so now you're stuck with MBR as long as you want Win7 still on there.
The easiest solution here is to boot your install media not using EFI as Ubuntu is perfectly happy running with MBR partitions.  I don't know how you made your boot media but typically there are options to explicitly make it MBR only.  Failing that, the BIOS boot menu should clearly state whether you're booting USB in EFI (or not) mode.


Is there a way to change the default colors in Ubuntu 18.04

Install gnome-tweak-tool. Install various themes after doing research into what they look like and whether they're complete1 and current.

Using a complete theme is important so that even window decorations (such as the min/max/close buttons) are themed. Some themes are gtk2-only!
Using a modern theme is important because there are several unmaintained themes that may not be compatible with your distro's current version.
If you're new to the game, stay with themes from the standard software repositories2.
Open Tweaks, which is what the gnome-tweak-tool appears as in the Dash, and choose from what you've installed. Changes are immediate.
In the attached image, I've used Adwaita Dark.

1 The installation process for some themes may also provide icon themes so that an overall consistent look is available to you. Note that you may choose an icon theme using Tweak, otherwise the default remains.

2 Note that if you look for themes in the Software Center, you may be offered snap versions as well as conventional versions. Please read up on snaps and their features.

Install as a snap or a package?

What are the differences between snaps, appimage, flatpak and others?


Impossible to create archive for PPA in 16.04

This is the error I could notice:

dh: No compatibility level specified in debian/compat
dh: This package will soon FTBFS; time to fix it!
dh: Compatibility levels before 4 are no longer supported (level 1 requested)
debian/rules:4 : la recette pour la cible « clean » a échouée

It seems you don't have debian/compat or you have an empty one. So debhelper expected the lowest compatibility level 1 while the current minimum accepted is 4.

See Chapter 5. Other files under the debian directory

As you can see here debhelper is at v9 for all currently supported Ubuntu releases.

To fix it, create a file debian/compat and put 9 in it, save it and run debuild again.


How to make notification bubbles with custom size, colour and position using command line?

Historically, there were different approaches to problem of "notifications". There isn't even consensus of what "notification" is. Do we use it to only tell user that something happened? Do we expect any action from him? If so, how is input gathered? Can that action be delayed, or should user act immediately? How long could it be delayed? How is user supposed to review all pending actions? Answers to all these questions shape solutions proposed by different teams.

The bottom line is, there is no single, definite answer to your question. But there are different approaches that you can try and pick one that fits your particular use-case.

notify-send

At one point, a standard for notifications on Linux emerged. The driving force behind it, if memory serves me right, was GNOME 3 team. They strove for unified way for all applications to notify user and figured out that some component of desktop environment should be responsible for handling (queuing, displaying, gathering input) all notifications. Applications merely send their notification to that component and hope that user receive it.

You can create that kind of notification with notify-send command line app. Note that it purposeful does not allow for customization. You only pass your message and leave the rest to desktop environment. This kind of notifications is supported by Unity (Ubuntu), GNOME 3 and KDE SC/Plasma.

osd_cat

osd_cat is application that displays content of file on X server layer. By using -d switch, you can make it automatically disappear after some time, which makes it somewhat suitable as notification app.

The default font will be ugly, but you can make it better by using -f switch. -f argument must be string constructed by xfontsel.

A sample notification could be created this way:

echo -e "sample\nnotification" |osd_cat -p middle -A center -d 1 -f '-*-helvetica-*-r-*-*-34-*-*-*-*-*-*-*' -O 1 -c '#fff'

Contrary to notify-send, you can place your notification anywhere on the screen and you can customize it a bit (select font and color; there is no background color). The main drawback is that it is X-specific, so it will not work under Mir or Wayland.

zenity/kdialog

zenity (for GTK desktops - Unity and GNOME) and kdialog (for Qt desktops - KDE and LxQt) allow user to create simple dialog windows from command line. You can put text inside, but also some predefined icons, buttons, input forms, lists, file pickers or progress bars. With a little work on your side, you could use them as a way to notify user.

zenity supports --width= and --height= command line switches, but doesn't provide any way to change placement of window. Personally, I am using --title= to give window some custom title and window manager rules. Window manager (KWin in my case) picks all windows that match certain criteria, like title containing string, and modify their properties. For notifications I put these windows in lower right corner of screen, remove window title bar, make them appear on all virtual desktops and remove them from task bar.

Custom solution

If neither of above programs suits your requirements, you can always write your custom solution. python provides bindings to both GTK and Qt and will allow you to relatively painlessly create custom GUI. You will have all the customization options in the world, but this will require some initial work to get started.


Ubuntu terminal (Xfce): making input commands different font color from output text

You can try to change your bash prompt color

Enter this in your terminal

  PS1="([\033[1;37m]\u[\033[1;33m]@[\033[1;37m]\h)[\e[0m]  "

This will change your prompt color to white, and you will be able to distinguish output from input.

Another one

  PS1='[\e[1;31m][\u@\h \W]\$[\e[0m] '

or

  PS1="\n[\e[1;30m][$$:$PPID - \j:![\e[1;30m]][\e[0;36m] \T [\e[1;30m][[\e[1;34m]\u@\H[\e[1;30m]:[\e[0;37m]${SSH_TTY:-o} [\e[0;32m]+${SHLVL}[\e[1;30m]] [\e[1;37m]\w[\e[0;37m] \n\$ "

Here is a link, where you can customize your prompt as you wish.

If you satisfied with this solution, you can make this settings permanent by editing your $HOME/.bashrc. Just add this line at the end, or you can change this part of .bashrc:

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;31m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi

Little mark

\e - encoded colors
\W - short directory
\w - long directory
\t - time (hh:mm:ss)
\s - shell
\d - date (sat jul 22)
\h - hostname
\u - user

If it is interesting for you, I recommend you to read this wiki and this


Is there any manual to get the list of bash shortcut keys?

The defaults are in man bash, along with details as to what each command does. See BroSlow's answer if you have changed your key bindings.

   Commands for Moving
       beginning-of-line (C-a)
              Move to the start of the current line.
       end-of-line (C-e)
              Move to the end of the line.
       forward-char (C-f)
              Move forward a character.
       backward-char (C-b)
              Move back a character.
       forward-word (M-f)
              Move forward to the end of the next word.  Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
       backward-word (M-b)
              Move back to the start of the current or previous word.  Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
       shell-forward-word
              Move forward to the end of the next word.  Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
       shell-backward-word
              Move back to the start of the current or previous word.  Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
       clear-screen (C-l)
              Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen.  With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen.

...

       reverse-search-history (C-r)
              Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary.  This is an incremental search.

...

       unix-line-discard (C-u)
              Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line.  The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.

...

       yank (C-y)
          Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.

EDIT

These commands are all in a contiguous section of the manual, so you can browse it from Commands for Moving. Alternatively, you can save this entire section to a text file with

man bash | awk '/^   Commands for Moving$/{print_this=1} /^   Programmable Completion$/{print_this=0} print_this==1{sub(/^   /,""); print}' > bash_commands.txt

(N.B. this prints the whole section, including commands with no default keyboard shortcut.)

Explanation of awk code

On the (only) occurrence of Commands for Moving, set the variable print_this to 1.
On the (only) occurrence of Programmable Completion, which is the following section, set the variable to 0.
If the variable is 1, then get rid of the leading whitespace (three spaces), and print the line.


Permanently disable error reports on Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu Edition

This issue has been resolved with the release of OTA-7.
Disabling error reports now works permanently.


Ubuntu in Virtualbox in Dropbox or Cloud?

I don't believe that Dropbox could be used that way efficiently. The VHD file is going to change all the time when the VM is running. Dropbox calculates hashes of files to check them with its online copy (it also helps them to de-duplicate the data), it will take ages just to compute the hash of a 15 Gb file each time that it changes. Performance will be horrible.

That said, I know some people that are doing exactly that. The trick is to pause the syncing (using the dropbox indicator) while the VM is running. When they power off the VM, they enable the sync and wait until it is complete (it takes a while).


Under Ubuntu 14.04+ you can install LXC templates with

sudo apt-get install lxc-templates

(Unfortunately the templates are not installed by default with sudo apt-get install lxc)


Your uuid of /dev/sda1 is correctly applied to grub.cfg. You probably need to boot from rescue disk, drop a shell and

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda


Try those commands:

sudo pip install -U qcmodule
sudo pip install -U bx.bitset


Intel HD Graphics (integrated) Minecraft graphical freezes and glitches - graphics driver or card?

I would say that a software issue is the most probable cause.

Gfx Driver:
Perhaps a bug has been introduced with a Kernel update for your particular hardware. You can try starting your computer with an older kernel version see this question on how to , if you are uncertain

Os Update:
You can try the Ubuntu version you are currently using but booted of a USB stick. It will contain less recent updates. If you computer crashes often even from a live cd. Its could actually be a hardware problem.


Can't connect using PRO/Wireless 3945 ABG card with 12.04LTS

Here is a link to the ubuntu forums to someone with the same problem and the solution that worked: Ubuntu Forums

Here is a copy/paste of the relevant answer:

sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/ipwraw
sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/iwl3945
sudo rm  /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf
gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/iwl3945.conf

Add a single line:
Code:
options iwl3945 swcrypto=0


In Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS you can follow these steps to install Apache2, MySQL, PHP7 and phpmyadmin, I tested this today and it shouln't give you any kind of problems, maybe you missed one of these steps, so please check them out:

Install Apache2:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install apache2

Edit the file /etc/apache2/apache2.conf, add the following line at the end:
ServerName <yourDomainOrIP>

Check if your config is OK:
sudo apache2ctl configtest

The output should be like this: Syntax OK

Restart Apache to implement changes:
sudo systemctl restart apache2

Verify if Apache is working, open you browser and go to: http://your_ip_address, you should see somehing like the following image:

Install MySQL:
sudo apt install mysql-server

During this installation you will be asked to enter the MySQL password.

Secure your MySQL installation executing:
sudo mysql_secure_installation

Choose the options that you prefer in this step.

Install PHP:
sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mcrypt php-mysql

Edit the file /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dir.conf, after editing it should look like this:

<IfModule mod_dir.c>
    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.cgi index.pl index.xhtml index.htm
</IfModule>

Restart Apache and check its status:
sudo systemctl restart apache2
sudo systemctl status apache2

After this step if you want to install PHP modules, you can search for them using:
apt-cache search php- | less

Test if PHP works, create an info.php:
sudo nano /var/www/html/info.php

An put the following content inside:
<?php phpinfo(); ?>

Now go to http://your_ip_address/info.php and you should see something like the image below:

Install phpmyadmin:
sudo apt install phpmyadmin php-mbstring php-gettext

During the installation you will be asked to choose your web server (apache2) and if you want to use dbconfig-common to configure the db, finally the password for phpmyadmin will be requested.
This process adds phpmyadmin to /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/, you can verify it with: ls /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/

Enable PHP mcrypt and mbstring:
sudo phpenmod mcrypt
sudo phpenmod mbstring

Restart Apache again and test if everything works.
sudo systemctl restart apache2

Go to http://your_ip_address/phpmyadmin and you will see the login page:

Enter your credentials and then you're done:

Hope it helps.


Samba Server/Create Mask Isn't Right with New Folder Permissions

I guess ext4? Take a look at umask and set the folder mask in ext4 to umask 000. By standard the umask is set to 022 what will course in you create a folder with permissions 777 and the mask will be substracted with 022 which than gives an effective folder permission of chmod 777 - umask 022 = 755.

If you now mask all folders on the partition or what ever you shared with the command "find /your/smb-share/point/ -type d -exec umask 000 {} \; than all folders will get the mask 000 in result if you create a folder with 777 it will be 777. Same for files. Command: "find /your/smb-share/point/ -type f -exec umask 000 {} \;

at the end to correct the broken existing permissions after umask "find /your/smb-share/point/ -type f -exec chmod 777 {} \;

That worked for me at least. You could find more information in the ubuntu help for umask and ext4 permissions.


DSA keys are not accepted in recent versions of openssh by default. You should use rsa, which works fine and is considered more secure by the openssh developers. If you really want to use dsa keys, you should add

PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes +ssh-dss

line into your sshd_config and restart ssh service.


Is it possible to set the terminal emulator used by desktop configuration files?

Using this desktop file and, as example, xterm as terminal emulator:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=GNU Octave (CLI)
Comment=Scientific Computing using GNU Octave
TryExec=/usr/local/bin/octave-cli
Exec=xterm -e "octave --no-gui"
Icon=/usr/local/share/octave/4.0.0/imagelib/octave-logo.svg
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=false
MimeType=text/x-octave;text/x-matlab;
NoDisplay=false
Categories=Math;Science;

Explanation:

Exec=xterm -e "octave --no-gui"

We use xterm as terminal emulator
If you need another shell, use the line below

Exec=xterm -e "/bin/bash -c 'octave --no-gui'"
Terminal=false

We don't need another terminal, because we start a terminal emulator via Exec=


While these may not be the options you land on, I'd like to offer you two solutions: One from the 90s (maybe late 80s) and the other from the 1870s (yeah, late nineteenth century technology):

You could buy some wireless headphones. You can get fairly good enclosed sets for under £50. If quality isn't too much of an issue, halve that number.
Now we cast back a wee bit further, we hit the granddad of all remote listening: the audio extension cable. These are as cheap as anything and if you have a soldering iron you can buy a stereo spool for almost nothing, add on some pennies for the connectors and wire-up an extended port to your bed.

Both these solutions have next-to-no lag. Obviously the second has less lag but it's a much more hackish solution. I'd just buy some remote headphones and be done with it.

Time (that you might spend looking for the perfect solution) isn't worthless, after all.


Dual monitors on Unity, one above the other - how can I drag a window from top monitor to lower monitor (across central panel)?

Hold your move-window modifier (it is alt by default) and drag the window from within the window's chrome (body) as opposed to the title bar (using your mouse).


For the optimus-based ssytems, you need generic mesa libraries for normal operation, and then bumblebee will switch to the NVidia's ones when needed.

These links are actually controlled by the alternatives mechanism.
To choose which one you would like to use invoke:

$ sudo update-alternatives --config i386-linux-gnu_gl_conf
There are 3 choices for the alternative i386-linux-gnu_gl_conf (providing /etc/ld.so.conf.d/i386-linux-gnu_GL.conf).

  Selection    Path                                              Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
  0            /usr/lib/nvidia-331-updates/alt_ld.so.conf         8604      auto mode
* 1            /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa/ld.so.conf            500       manual mode
  2            /usr/lib/nvidia-331-updates-prime/alt_ld.so.conf   8603      manual mode
  3            /usr/lib/nvidia-331-updates/alt_ld.so.conf         8604      manual mode

Press enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

Be sure to set up the mesa one.

Same for the 64bit libraries:

$ sudo update-alternatives --config x86_64-linux-gnu_gl_conf
There are 3 choices for the alternative x86_64-linux-gnu_gl_conf (providing /etc/ld.so.conf.d/x86_64-linux-gnu_GL.conf).

  Selection    Path                                          Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
  0            /usr/lib/nvidia-331-updates/ld.so.conf         8604      auto mode
  1            /usr/lib/nvidia-331-updates-prime/ld.so.conf   8603      manual mode
  2            /usr/lib/nvidia-331-updates/ld.so.conf         8604      manual mode
* 3            /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa/ld.so.conf      500       manual mode

Press enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

Reboot the system afterwards and try launching steam again.


Is not a complete solution, but you check arp -n.

ddd@mmm ~ $ arp -n
Address                  HWtype  HWaddress           Flags Mask            Iface
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx          ether   00:e0:1e:b4:12:42   C                     eth0
yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy          ether   00:14:78:52:28:d2   C                     wlan0


Synching package indexes across identical computers

Um, no, that's not really a safe thing to do. What I have done in the past is run the following on a "master" computer that has everything installed:

dpkg --get-selections > installed-software

Then ship the installed-software file around on a USB key or somesuch, running the following on each "slave" computer I want the same set of software on:

sudo dpkg --set-selections < installed-software
sudo dselect install

Hope this helps!


Can Unity based on Compiz already be fully used?

Unity Compiz is only available if you are using Ubuntu 11.04, which is still in early development.

At one point the Ubuntu developers were planning on backporting Unity Compiz to 10.10, but they later decided against it:

  Hi everybody,

  As some of you may know, there have been some discussions about
  backporting
  "unity compiz" to maverick as we had backported unity to lucid with a
  dedicated ppa and its own session.

  However, after some porting discussions and following the natty work I
  think
  we should perhaps consider not doing that because it's going to take
  quite
  some work for a moderated benefit and we would better spend those
  efforts in
  making natty rocking.


Ubuntu 20.04 - files on network share appear as folders

I too faced the same issue... and I solved this by :
The files shown as folders or directories will show user.DOSATTRIB on getfattr your_file_name command. for example,
:~/$ getfattr riscv.dts
# file: riscv.dts
user.DOSATTRIB

To remove that use setfattr -x user.DOSATTRIB your_file_name. for example,
:~/$ setfattr -x user.DOSATTRIB riscv.dts
:~/$ getfattr riscv.dts

This worked for me. for multiple files, use
find . -type f -exec setfattr -x user.DOSATTRIB "{}" \;

Hope this helps.


Boot failure : No DEFAULT or UI configuration directive found!

If you are able to use a USB stick as installation media, then rename the following:

isolinux --> syslinux (this is a folder)
isolinux.bin --> syslinux.bin
isolinux.cfg --> syslinux.cfg

This worked for me.

Original source: 1, 2


Ubuntu 16.04 TLS Can Not Connect To Windows 7 Or XP Shares, But Windows 7 And XP PCs Can Connect To Ubuntu Share

Well, after performing many different things including re-installing Ubuntu and editing the SMB.CONF file I figured out how to fix my issue.

I wiped my laptop clean and installed Fedora 24 Workstation and noticed the same results--HMMMM I said.

And then I realized that most of the computers I was trying to connect to had usernames, of course, but blank passwords. I tried as SMB.CONF edit that someone had mentioned to allow the use of blank passwords but was not able to get that to work. And, as needed, I would always re-start my smbd and nmbd after changes.

Anyway, I did have one computer on the network that has a username and password. Guess what--from Fedora I was able to connect! Then I entered passwords on the other computers and presto, was able to finally connect to them from Fedora.

Now, since the goal is to use Ubuntu I again wiped my laptop clean but this time again did a fresh install of Ubuntu workstation. I made two very minor changes to the SMB.CONF file (made these also on the Fedora install) to set the workgroup name properly and the netbios name properly. Just left everything else default.

Next, shared a folder on the Ubuntu machine. Simply used the GUI to share the folder out (did not modify the SMB.CONF) and set it to allow guest access. Now, every PC on my network can connect to the share on my Ubuntu machine. If I want to place tighter controls on who can and can't access that share I can make changes in my SMB.CONF.

But now, to the best part--now I can connect from my Ubuntu laptop to any of other computers and shares on my network.

The solution to my problem, which may or may not help others, is that those devices I could not connect to had accounts without passwords. Once passwords were assigned all worked.

Hope this can help someone!

Thanks,

Rich Huelbig


Try to change to the below configuration.


How do I install Cake (the C# build automation system) on 16.04?

Cake is just .net (mono) tool for build automation - scripting, so it sits on top of .net scripting system (*.csx files).

We (Xamarin Components Team) is using it on our Macs and Windows to build our Components. I personally use it on Linux too.

Linux per se cannot run .net/mono binaries, so you need to launch CLR - common language runtime (.net runtime, like java JVM). So:

mono tools/Cake/Cake.exe --verbosity=diagnostic --target=libs

On windows you do not need mono executable to be specified.

In the future with .net core:

dotnet tools/Cake/Cake.exe --verbosity=diagnostic --target=libs

Installation:

Most of new .net tools try to follow web script installation pattern, download script and run it which can be oneliner (like brew on Mac), so for linux:

    curl -Lsfo build.sh http://cakebuild.net/download/bootstrapper/linux
    chmod +x ./build.sh && ./build.sh

It is installed in your current directory in tools/ folder. It downloads minimal runtime, Roslyn compiler, nuget package managers and else what you need. This is the reason there is no need for package.


Ubuntu 14.04 won't boot after installation, only live USB boots

I cannot comment yet hence, this answer:

try changing the boot priority to legacy from BIOS. It might be saying EFi or UEFI, change the option to legacy. It is also possible that your BIOS may have the option of boot priority, which might be set on EFI.


The only way to fix this if your computer isn't a ThinkPad is to use Lenovo Power Management, which is only available on Windows, to change the battery threshold settings.

This is caused by the charge threshold being set to 59% in the Lenovo Power Management application, which is, unfortunately, only available on Windows. This setting is contained in the computer's firmware, so it will persist across operating systems. There is a utility for Linux that can change the battery thresholds, but it's only compatible with ThinkPads.


How do I restore the Windows (8.1) MBR from Ubuntu Linux

Not sure if Windows 8.1 MBR can be recovered with it ... but boot-repair helped me out a lot with other windows versions:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

startup with ubuntu live usb/iso/...
connect to internet
open terminal

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair


What does it mean that I have a green "LV" cicular logo/symbol on my mounted drive

It means it is a logical volume
see : http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/36568/what-is-logical-volume-management-and-how-do-you-enable-it-in-ubuntu/ for more info


Yep, not yet certified as per servers list at http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/make/Lenovo/?csrfmiddlewaretoken=APa9wbjmccASFbaEY2WU8MyI96uWT72k&query=&category=Server&release=&level=Any  so I would instead suggest a visit to http://forums.lenovo.com/t5/Linux-Discussion/bd-p/Special_Interest_Linux where you can perhaps get an answer direct from Lenovo or http://shop.lenovo.com/us/en/landing_pages/contact/ lists a number to call.


Upgraded to 17.1 and swap partition is not longer used

Your current configuration is using a swap file instead of a device. It is up to you if you chose to still use the file for swap. To enable swap on your device that is already configured:

sudo swapoff -a

sudo nano /etc/fstab and add this line

UUID=694dc408-79f0-4bfb-8f6b-1299707ef8aa none            swap    sw              0       0

If you do not want to use the file for swap then place a "#" at the beginning of the line or delete the line.

#/swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0

Then run:

sudo swapon -a


Make mate 1.6 look like lucid lynx default theme

So then I made this: http://nanocluster.umeche.maine.edu/panel.png which can now be my background to the mate panel. it looks ok, though I should change the system fonts to be more white. But I guess I'm good for now.


LibreOffice in Ubuntu 16.04 uses all my cpu - very slow scrolling

Magic does happen! Updated libreoffice. Removed a language pack(italian) I installed before the problem appeared. Result: magic! It works just fine, as before. No idea how this happened.


As help set says:

      -x  Print commands and their arguments as they are executed.

It works both in interactive and non-interactive shells, so you can try running set -x in an interactive shell to see the effect. Each command that is run is echoed to you first (with + signs in front of them to help you distinguish them from most regular output).

ek@Cord:~$ echo hello world
+ echo hello world
hello world

(If you see way more output than you expect an an interactive shell, your shell may be running commands to build your prompt. For example, you'll see about twenty additional lines if your prompt is set up to show information about the git repository you're navigated to, even if you're not actually in a repo now.)

To turn it off run set +x. Somewhat confusingly, with set, - enables a shell option and + disables it.

For more information, see 4.3.1 The Set Builtin in the Bash reference manual.


I get "Failed to load session "ubuntu-2d" when using XRDP

As of Ubuntu 12.10, the Unity 2D desktop interface ("Ubuntu 2D") no longer exists. Ordinarily, computers without adequate 3D acceleration use the llvmpipe software renderer.

Unity 2d support dropped in 12.10,  what now?

Since Unity 2D used to be the easy way to xRDP into an Ubuntu system, its removal requires the use of a different technique. Fortunately, there is a solution:

How to remote desktop into ubuntu 12.10 using xRDP (by Griffon)

Install xRDP

That page provides a circuitous way to install xRDP, but really it's as simple as before. Install xrdp  in the Software Center. Or install from the Terminal by running:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

If it is not found, make sure the Universe repository component is enabled in your Software Sources. (If this is a headless system, use this command-line way instead.)

Install a Desktop Interface Not Requiring (Real or Simulated) 3D Acceleration

Grifon's instructions recommend GNOME Fallback (providing the "GNOME Classic" session type). The gnome-session-fallback  package provides it.

sudo apt-get install gnome-session-fallback

(It's best to run sudo apt-get update first if you haven't done so recently.)

Other alternatives include:

Xfce (xubuntu-desktop  / sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop)
LXDE (lubuntu-desktop  / sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop)
MATE (this is a bit more involved to install, see these instructions)

Create a ~/.xsession File Specifying the Desired Interface for xRDP

In the home directory of the user or users who you wish to log in via xRDP, create a file called .xsession. You can do this with any text editor, such as Gedit. Once created, this file won't be visible in file managers except when View > Show Hidden Files (or similar) is enabled. In Nautilus and most other file managers, Ctrl+H does this.

The quickest and easiest way to make this file is probably the Terminal--a single command will create it.

To use GNOME Fallback ("GNOME Classic (no effects)"):

echo gnome-session --session=gnome-fallback > ~/.xsession

Or, to use Xfce ("Xubuntu Session"):

echo xfce4-session > ~/.xsession

Or, to use LXDE ("Lubuntu Desktop"):

echo lxsession -s Lubuntu -e LXDE > ~/.xsession

Configure the Keyboard Layout

If you want an English keyboard layout, you don't need to do anything for this step.

Otherwise, to configure xRDP to use a different keyboard layout, see the "Solving the keyboard Layouts problem in the xRDP session" section of this post (the rest of that post applies just to earlier versions of Ubuntu; the post was linked to from those instructions for 12.10).

Now it should work!

Griffon has pointed out that, unfortunately, in GNOME Fallback, the usual way of logging out does not work (when connected via xRDP). Instead, log out by running the command:

gnome-session-quit --logout

You can open a Terminal window (Ctrl+Alt+T) for this, but you might as well just use the Run dialog (Alt+F2).

In other desktop environments, logging out might still work, but if it does not, you can use their approximate equivalents of the gnome-sesison-quit command:

Xfce: xfce4-session-logout --logout

LXDE: lxsession-logout

Acknowledgements

Much of the information here is from that blog post (though no text is copied).


Ubuntu One - Offline Sync Music on Android

I know you use Ubuntu One service, and probably have plenty of your music already there, but I'll give you an alternative solution.

I have the exact same setup; HTC Desire with Android 2.3. For file sync, I use an android program called "rsync backup for Android". With it, you can just select a remote folder on your computer to sync to your phone, through sftp (SSH).

In order to authenticate against your computer, you need to create and use a dropbear SSH private key, wich is very simply illustrated on the program's help.

Hope this helps.


I decided as follows:

#!/bin/bash
#
# /etc/init.d/leanote

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

     case "$1" in

 start)
     echo "Starting LEANOTE..."
     bash /home/keith/leanote/bin/run.sh &
     ;;

 stop)
     echo "Stoping LEANOTE..."
     pkill leanote
     ;;

 *)

     echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
     exit 1

esac

exit 0

Permission to run:

chmod +x leanote

Insert at system startup :

update-rc.d leanote defaults


Ubuntu 18.04 mouse pointer issue [ Jumping here and there ]

Presumably the pointer behaves if you were to attach a regular mouse and this erratic behavior is limited to trackpad activity.  Likely then you will want a different driver for your trackpad.  If you can locate your exact model number, you may be able to use that to search for the correct driver (or at least instructions for solving this erratic behavior on using your current driver or some generic driver).  If a connected mouse behaves the same way, this is not the best path.


How do I manually install a man page file?

First, find out which section your man page belongs to. If its a command, it probably belongs to section 1. You can read the manpage for the man command  to see a description of the different sections and their corresponding numbers.
Copy your man page to /usr/local/share/man/man1/ (change 1 to your section number if need be). You can also install it to /usr/share/man/man1/, but it's best practise to use the local directory for files that are installed without using the APT package manager:

sudo cp examplecommand.1 /usr/local/share/man/man1/

Run the mandb command. This will update man's internal database:

sudo mandb

That's it! You should be able to view the man page by running:

man 1 examplecommand

References:

The manpage for the man command
The manpage for the mandb command
The source code in /usr/bin/dh_installman if you can read Perl, installed with the debhelper package.


Notification whenever a program connect to internet/outside

You could monitor the output of netstat. the flags -tpan allow viewing which program uses which port. In theory you could write a simple script that constantly checks number of those connections with  grep, and if the number of connections have changed, you could get a notification. Note, that sshd won't be shown unless you run that command with sudo, so the script would probably need to be ran with sudo as well. I doubt notify-send would allow listing large amount of connections , but you could use zenity and it's list dialog.

Another way, though only for incoming connections, is not monitor who command. Since you're blocking all connections except ssh, you're probably more concerned with who's loggin in into your machine. You could use watch -n5 -d who , where -n is the interval for repeating the command in seconds, and -d is the flag to high light differences between the previous and current result of the command


You had mentioned

  it asks me for admin privileges.

Right click wubi.exe and select Run as Administrator.
Hopefully, it should work.


Refer to this answer: https://serverfault.com/a/665802

you need to update libcurl as well, since PHP uses that instead of CURL

Edit:
you can update libcurl by using the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install php5-curl

and restart apache

sudo service apache2 restart

and PHP-FPM if needed

sudo service php5-fpm restart


The problem seems to have been solved in the 13.04 edition, but the "semi-solution" I had used made the problem persist. If you have the same problem, try deactivating the lock:

sudo chattr -i ~/.config/xfce4/desktop/icons*


How to work around build dependencies with disparate epoch numbers?

Once epoch numbers come into play, you cannot meaningfully request anything other than exact version from an older epoch as a depedency. >= 1:1.4 will be satisfied by any package from a newer epoch, even 2:0.1. You could use exact matches (== 1:1.4), but I doubt that's what you want.

Since all currently supported versions of Ubuntu have golang packages versioned with the new epoch, it's time you moved to it as well. Debian also uses the new epoch. So, at the moment, it looks like only unofficial sources will even have a 1:-versioned golang package.


How know to if an application was installed using apt-get or not?

The apt-mark command offers what you want:

apt-mark showmanual firefox

will list "firefox" if it was installed manually.
See the man pages for further capabilities"

man apt-mark


Setting Xmodmap on login in Lubuntu 13.10

I had similar problems using Ubuntu, but I solved them using the sleep command. This way any other processes won't undo my Xmodmap.

My startup command: sh -c 'sleep 2 && /usr/bin/xmodmap /home/username/.Xmodmap'

And this (How to add startup applications in lubuntu?) might help.


Generally any service in Ubuntu can be managed by

sudo service <service_name> <argument>

Here service_name stands for name of the service, in your case it is tomcat7.

Argument stands for type of the action like start,stop,restart,status, in your case it is stop.

so finally you can stop tomcat7 with this below command.

sudo service tomcat7 stop


TLP (advanced power management) on Gnome Ubuntu 17.04 on Lenovo x230

TLP doesn't have a GUI, so no icons on the bar or elsewhere. See Features.

See same instructions for how to check.


What server version are you using?

If it's 12.04 LTS and you are using the Ubuntu packages then you are stuck at 7.0.26. If you want to run newer versions of Tomcat7 on 12.04 then you will need to manually install Tomcat7.


This is how it (policyKit) is supposed to work.

It can be changed, but it's not as easy as it should.

There is good answer here, in a different question. To summarize it you will need to create a new policikit configuration file that allows remote users to do administrative task using the GUI. In the above answer there is a script that will create that file.


How can I see the memory occupied by a file and folder and also entire directory from terminal?

This will summarise the sizes of the directories:

du -h

PS: Although all computer storage is technically "memory", this term is usually reserved for non-persistent storage like RAM and CPU cache.


I don't have a complete answer as I cannot find it in my backups. But I spent about 4 hours trying to remember how I did it last time. So in 2 areas changes are needed. Basically it breaks down to the theme you are using (i.e. mine is Ambiance) and making edits to File /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/gtk-widgets.css and /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc for the root access and /home/USER/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css for the USER access.

In gtk-widgets.css I changed the scrollbar section to have the following and the same is in ~.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css

/*************
* scrollbar *
*************/
.scrollbar,
.scrollbar.vertical {
    -GtkScrollbar-has-backward-stepper: 1;
    -GtkScrollbar-has-forward-stepper: 1;
    -GtkRange-slider-width: 16;
    -GtkRange-stepper-size: 16;
    -GtkRange-stepper-spacing: 0;
    -GtkRange-trough-border: 0;
    -GtkScrollbar-min-slider-length: 30;

The next edit maybe different if you are not using the same engine I have for the Gnome-flashback login that gives me Metacity? Find the section in /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc that has sub section engine "murrine" {
bellow the style "default" { section and change:

  engine "murrine" {
  ... other declarations
  stepperstyle = 3
  to
  stepperstyle = 0

I believe The last line gives the even step scrolling down the page as opposed to jumping to the pointer or it just turns off the overlay-scrollbars? I have not figured out how to do this for something like synaptic.


Lubuntu 18.10: how can I use the color schemes found in /usr/share/color-schemes?

Not only I am not aware of a such GUI for LXQt-only, but I don't think the changes you mention (colors) will affect LXQT.

I guess what you want is a pure LXQT, and not what I do, namely using the Plasma tool systemsettings (KDE System Settings). That might trigger a lot of kde dependencies (but that doesn't bother me, because I personally use a lot more kde than that, especially kwin and dolphin).

But even so, if you do not use kwin, installing all those isn't worth it, and the changes you want are not visible in LXQT it seems to me. The KDE/Qt Styles are shared by KDE and LXQt, but the changes you mention for colors, which I can make with the KDE Settings tool, are barely reflected in LXQT. What affects Lxqt looks is the style (the texture), the LXQT theme (mainly the panel) -  LXQT Appearance takes care of those two - and openbox settings for windows.  (On the other hand, when using kwin instead of openbox, changes in kcmshell5 colors are reflected by Kwin - e.g. you can have a dark Oxygen window theme).

If you do not want to install the KDE settings tool, but still want a lot more styles, try installing from repos more kde-styles, as they will then appear in the LXQt settings and can be selected from there. (On that, take a look at Lxqt: what are the Qt-themes/Widget Styles, and how to install new ones?).

Even more interesting might be using Kvantum, a Qt themes manager which is not KDE-sprecific, but encompasses LXQt, comes with a lot of themes and has its own settings tool, Kvantum Manager.

Better install latest release from here and avoid some bugs mentioned here.

For what it's worth, here's a glimpse of my Lubuntu 18.10 LXQt+Kwin with Kvantum-dark as Qt-style, KvSimplicityDark as Kvantum theme, selected also under kcmshell5 colors:

Thanks to your post I have realized that the setting you mention under kcmshell5 colors - or simply "Colors" under the KDE System Settings - was needed to have exactly the same color/texture in the window frame (a kwin setting) and the rest of the window (a qt-style setting). From that I conclude that the kcmshell5 colors setting only affects kwin and will not affect openbox, while the rest of the lxqt theming is not controlled from kcmshell5 colors.

On the other hand, Kvantum comes with a lot of Openbox themes which can be selected in Openbox Settings to mach the qt-style theme.


Can claws mail or sylpheed sync gmail contacts?

Claws Mail cannot directly sync gmail contacts.

There is the GData plugin which periodically pulls in GMail contacts, and adds them to Claws Mail's address completion list. That means that even though they're still not in the addressbook, they are available in address tab-completion when composing emails, or in filtering based on address book.

It's not a real sync, but it's something that happens automatically in the background, so it might be more comfy than a manual import. Personally, I added an action in Claws Mail to open GMail contacts in a browser, and I just use that instead of the built-in addressbook.

(Full disclosure: I wrote that plugin.)


Cannot create folder: /etc/opt/chrome/policies/managed

Since, you want an easy explanation to the tutorial you pointed, I am just going to elaborate here:

Open terminal from Dash. Type:

sudo nautilus
Then, navigate to File System > etc > opt
Create a new folder "chrome". Enter the folder.
Create a new folder "policies". Enter the folder.
Create a new folder "managed". Enter the folder.
Now, right-click and Create a new document. Name it: "anyname.json".
Exit nautilus.
Close the terminal window.
Open new terminal window and type:

sudo gedit /etc/opt/chrome/policies/managed/anyname.json

Then in gedit, enter:

  {

  "IncognitoModeAvailability": 1

  }

Finally, save the file and exit it. Now, you should be able to get what you needed.


How to create a wifi hotspot and use it on WP7.5?

You can create a wifi-hotspot like following:
Gnome-Shell:

Click on the little network icon, at the top panel.

Select "Network Settings"

Select "Wireless" in the left pane.

Click on the On/Off toogle on the right pane.

Click on "Use as hotspot", You don't need to specify name

That's it. A wireless wifi-hotspot is created with autocreated name and security key. The network name and security key is displayed immediately.

See the screenshots below.
Unity:

Click on the network activity icon,  a menu will appear like the one below.

Click on "Create new wireless network...", a window will appear like this

Type in your network name and security key.

Click on create button.

A network will be created with the name typed.
You can now see in your HTC phone this newly created network. There must be an option for "checking available network" or "refresh network".


How can I tell which commands are deprecated?

NO, there is no such listing for all deprecated commands.

It depends on each package and its developer and whether they are printing deprecation message for the command or not. Every package has a community channel and release notes by which they share what the changes are in new releases. This includes the functionalities that are deprecated.


Does updating a propietary Nvdia driver cause you to run into issues with secure boot?

Normally it should be possible to remove Cuda and reinstall the previous version without damage. Reference: NVIDIA CUDA Installation Guide for Linux.

But if you cannot afford to mess your system and don't want to take a chance the best is to try with a live version of your OS, that you boot from a USB key (since you mention a remote system I hope you can still have physical access to it). But it has to be a persistent installation since you'll need to add the current drivers and surely a few other customizations.

The Ubuntu wiki has some documentation on how to achieve this:
LiveUsbPendrivePersistent

And then proceed with the upgrade and see what happens.
If you damage the 'live' OS - no big deal. It's quite a bit of work but safer. And you can reuse that key for the next upgrade you'll want to test.

Apparently there are ways around Secure boot - see for example: How to install nvidia driver with secure boot enabled? but I have never done that personally. Seems doable but tedious.


From the comments above, there is a file of ubuntu-esm-infra-trusty in the /etc/apt/preferences.d/ folder that contains a pin with no value on its priority.  This file is for Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty ESM, but since you are running Ubuntu 16.04 LTS this file is not needed.  Remove the file and you should be fine.


How do I prevent users from deleting messages and changing the settings of Thunderbird?

I am quite sure that there is no trivial way to prevent deletion of messages. But you can lock user pref (and all Thunderbird's settings), see: http://kb.mozillazine.org/Locking_preferences


how to change part of a file name to something else on mutilple files

Something like the following should work:

for i in $(ls *.jpeg)
do
mv -v $i $(ls $i | sed 's/orange/indigo/')
done

But this very clumsy syntax can be enormously improved, as steeldriver has suggested in the comments below, with the following elegant syntax:

for i in *.jpeg; do mv -v -- "$i" "${i/orange/indigo}"; done

Bear in mind that both of these examples are for single directories, and are not recursive...


Accidentally overwrote hard disk (with content) with a disk-to-disk image

Before we continue let's be clear:
Some data has been irrecoverably lost!
However, depending on the size of your data and the size of your friend's data, some might still be recoverable. E.G. if you cloned a small 80GB HDD onto a 2TB HDD, containing 1TB of data, only 80GB of the 1TB is truly lost.
If the other way around, all data is lost.
If the former, TestDisk is your best tool, but the work will be tedious...
Sorry, but that's the best we can do without actually laying our hands on that HDD...  :-(


The surest way to make everything cooperate with your custom DNS will be to use your own TLD, such as .local or similar, and making that a search domain in your /etc/resolv.conf. That way, when you search 'host' it will automatically know to search the .local domain. DNS was designed around domains.

If you really don't want to use a TLD, perhaps an entry in /etc/hosts would suit your use case. This would map 'host' directly to the resource you intend.

Here's one method for manually specifying name servers if you're currently getting getting funny business due to the systemd stub resolver (it looks like this could be the case per the dig output you provided, and I've had issues in the past with it. Back all configs up before making any changes, and be aware this assumes an unmodified /etc/nsswitch.conf):

The below command will indicate whether your /etc/resolv.conf is a symlink:

kano@:~$ file -s /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/resolv.conf: symbolic link to ../run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf

To test this method, back up your original resolv.conf symlink in the event you need to roll back (to rollback, simply rename the backup /etc/resolv.conf, you shouldn't need to reboot for any of this to take effect). Modifying the existing symlink will not work:

kano@:~$ mv /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.bak

Finally, specify the desired nameserver and search values in your new, custom /etc/resolv.conf using the text editor of your choice (my AWS instance /etc/resolv.conf contents below, you'll need to tailor this to your environment).

    kano@:~$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
    nameserver 172.31.0.2
    search us-west-2.compute.internal

If this sorts the name resolution issue (and you can verify via dig host that it is querying your specified nameserver instead of the stub resolver  127.0.0.53), I'd consider adding the immutable attribute(you can check attributes with lsattr filename) to your /etc/resolv.conf to prevent upgrades/systemd from overwriting it via:

chattr +i /etc/resolv.conf

You will need to remove the immutable attribute via chattr -i to modify this file in the future.


Can I uninstall and then immediately reinstall the Ubuntu printer driver

What this means is that you're removing a package which the ubuntu-desktop meta package depends on. This meta-package doesn't contain anything by itself, but sets a set of requirements that will be automatically downloaded.

If you remove the ubuntu-desktop package and then want to upgrade to a newer version of Ubuntu, this package will not be upgraded so if a new package is added in the new version, it won't be automatically installed because nothing requires it.

In your case, it's perfectly safe to remove it and if you want to reinstall it, just install the ubuntu-desktop package, which will then also reinstall the printing package.


Where does Ubuntu Software Center install mscorefonts on Xubuntu? Where does it install anything?

You can use a more advanced package manager frontend like synaptic to get a list of files a certain package has installed. Simply open synaptic, find the package you are interested in, right click and select Properties (I think - I'm using the German localisation). The window that opens should have a tab labelled 'Installed files'.

If you aren't afraid of the command line, there's a tool called apt-file that shows files in packages, even if they aren't installed.


Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS breaking down and sluggish

I would just try re-downloading and reinstalling Wubi. If that doesn't work, try upgrading to 12.10.

If neither of the above work, try dual-booting 12.04/12.10 with Windows.

If nothing works, then here is how to safely uninstall:
http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/how-to-safely-uninstall-ubuntu-in-windows-dual-boot-environment/

I know that this says to use a Windows CD, but if you don't have one, then just run boot repair from an Ubuntu live usb/cd (it can repair Windows partitions as well).

If you're really bent on using Linux rather than Windows, you can know for sure that it will work if you buy a machine that has Linux pre-installed. You can buy machines like this from various places, but I highly recommend Zareason and System 76. You might pay a little more for their machines, but from what the reviews say it's worth it, and what they sell is built to last.


Speaker not shown on Sound settings (Ubuntu Gnome 16.04)

I solved the problem following these steps:

Added this line to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

options snd-hda-intel model=dell-headset-multi

And then reloaded alsa:

sudo alsa force-reload
pulseaudio -k

But it didn't change anything. I restarted the machine to make sure and somehow it is resolved.

You can find your sound card model using cat /proc/asound/card0/codec* | grep Codec and its related model code from this file: https://github.com/Xilinx/linux-xlnx/blob/master/Documentation/sound/hd-audio/models.rst


VLC 3.0.0 osd problem (subtitles) 16.04.01 LTS

The only way you can install VLC 3.0 through a PPA is by adding the master-daily PPA to your system and that PPA is probably still there.

Type:

sudo apt-get purge vlc
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:videolan/master-daily
sudo apt-get update

to uninstall vlc and remove that PPA from your system.
Type the following three commands to delete all vlc settings from your home folder:

rm -R ~/.config/vlc
rm -R ~/.cache/vlc
rm -R ~/.local/share/vlc

Install vlc from the repos the usual way.


You need an additional install:

sudo pip install qtconsole

or via apt

sudo apt-get install ipython-qtconsole   # for Python2

Why?

apt-file search qtconsoleapp

or read this.


What is the best cgmanager alternative for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS?

According to comment 20 in bug 1649310 cgmanager was removed because it has been replaced by systemd. I guess cgmanager was removed also because it conflicts too hard with systemd as documented in Debian bug 761389.

Some history about systemd and cgmanager can be found at LWN article about cgroups. According to that, Lennart Poettering does not want to support running systemd with any other cgroup manager (such as cgmanager).

So the answer seems to be one needs to convert any cgmanager configuration one has into systemd configuration. Unfortunately I cannot find any info about how to do that so probably the only way is to start reading systemd documentation and restart from the scratch.


Your problem is with the bash package that's in the cache. Here's what you can try:

Do sudo apt-get clean.
Do sudo apt-get --reinstall install bash
If it installs successfully, do sudo apt-get update, then do sudo apt-get upgrade.


What options exist for viewing mp4 tags in list view?

Have a look at EasyTag (available in Software Center).

As shown in the screen-shot - it has mp4 tag capability - shows in list view (scrollable through various columns) and you can sort, ascending and descending.

(dont have mp4's myself - but the mp3's in the screen-shot should give you an idea of the applications capability)


According to the description of the script you linked, it installs themes into ~/.themes directory. So removing this directory should undo the aforementioned script's action.

After removing the ~/.themes directory, purge Adapta theme from your system.
Then reinstall it from their PPA by running

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tista/adapta
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install adapta-gtk-theme


What is the best way of maintaining proxy server addresses for apt and other stuff?

As there a lot of places to configure proxy settings, it might get confusing at beginning. Let me summarize some things and suggest some good practices.

For console programs

Ex:  wget, git and almost every console application which connects to internet.

If you want to configure proxy every time you run your commands for some reason then set the environment variables using following commands.

export http_proxy=http://DOMAIN\USERNAME:PASSWORD@SERVER:PORT/
export ftp_proxy=http://DOMAIN\USERNAME:PASSWORD@SERVER:PORT/

Else if you want to use the same settings everytime for all users, then use of these.

Configure in bashrc

$ nano /etc/bash.bashrc
export http_proxy=http://DOMAIN\USERNAME:PASSWORD@SERVER:PORT/
export ftp_proxy=http://DOMAIN\USERNAME:PASSWORD@SERVER:PORT/

Configure in /etc/environment

$ nano /etc/environment
https_proxy="http://myproxy.server.com:8080/"
ftp_proxy="http://myproxy.server.com:8080/" ...

Configure using GUI

Open the network settings and set the your system wide network proxy.

Network -> Network proxy -> Configure -> Apply system wide.

But this might not be useful if you have authentication for the proxy.

For apt.

You need to do some extra work for apt, as incidentally apt doesn't obey environment variables,

$ nano /etc/apt/apt.conf
Acquire::http::Proxy "http://USERNAME:PASSWORD@SERVER:PORT";
Acquire::https::Proxy "https://USERNAME:PASSWORD@SERVER:PORT";

For everything out of this scope, there must be an option to configure proxy settings in the application itself. If not I'm sorry ;)


To install Scribus, open the Ubuntu Software center. Search for "Scribus" and click the entry that appears. You then can start the install with the "Install" button.


One way of understanding whether gedit text editor is installed on Linux Ubuntu 16.04 LTS is by typing in the terminal. NOTE: This is one of the ways to understand.

xyz computer:~$ apt-cache policy gedit
gedit:
  Installed: 3.18.3-0ubuntu4
  Candidate: 3.18.3-0ubuntu4
  Version table:
 *** 3.18.3-0ubuntu4 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status


How to fix missing / flickering images in w3m?

This seems to be an issue with anti-aliasing.

After I disabled anti-aliasing in my xresources the flickering went away.

Of course, now the font rendering is ugly, but it showcases that w3m is having issues with font rendering when it comes to anti-aliasing.

The following is an example of how the disable anti aliasing in the .Xresources:

Xft.antialias: 0


Be sure to enable Shortcuts in your gnome-terminal preferences:


Is it possible to play Fable 3 through Wine?

The only way to be certain it works is to try. On some computers it will, on other it might not work.

Have you tried PlayOnLinux? Fable 3 was recently released for MS Windows not many days ago, so it might be too "fresh" for PlayOnLinux.


I just can't uninstall genymotion from Ubuntu 16.04

Sounds like you're only missing sudo
Try:

sudo ./genymotion-2.7.2-linux_x64.bin --uninstall

Or if that didn't work, try with sh like this:

sudo sh ./genymotion-2.7.2-linux_x64.bin --uninstall


Accidentally zeroed first 4kb of primary HDD

Repair grub

It should work to re-install / repair the bootloader grub.

Several methods are described at the following link,

Grub 2: Fixing a Broken System

If you find the 'manual' methods too difficult, you can try the Boot Repair method according to the following link,

help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

Repair the partition table

But what about the partition table? Have you got any idea about it, some backup? If there is a GUID partition table, GPT, there is a backup partition table at the tail end of the drive. @oldfred gave us the following link,

www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/repairing.html

Otherwise TestDisk is a good alternative, because you have only damaged a small part of the head end. See this link,

Scroll to 'Recover the partition table, file systems and/or file content'

Tools with a final checkpoint

In the future, please use a tool with a final checkpoint, when you create USB boot drives, for example 'Disks' alias gnome-disks or mkusb.


Computer refuses to shutdown once after using WOL

I had this behaviour and fixed it by replacing the driver for my Realtek RTL111/8168B NIC. Instead of using the r8169 driver included in the kernel I used the realtek r8168 driver from realtek (inspired by this post).

Note, I'd tried to upgrade my way out of the problem by installing a 3.10 kernel which unfortunately prevents the realtek driver from building until I applied the patch from (I don't have enough reputation for a third link so google 'r8168 NETIF_F_HW_VLAN_RX undeclared' and click first link). Unfortunately the patch had white space issues that I ended up manually fixing before it would apply.


May not use chown to change group of a file I own

D'oh!

  This account is a member of both groups.

Yes, but I had only just been added as a member, and hadn't re-logged in yet, so the change hadn't yet propagated to the shell.

Sigh.


Install Ubuntu 14.04 / 15 in computer with Windows 8.1 Legacy installed before

Legacy boot can be turned off after the install is completed - it is only for the usb boot support. UEFI boot is the problem, I'm pretty sure changing that may corrupt the win bootloader. Can't really help you there - re-install?

During the install I believe fast boot and secure boot is what you want to disable in the BIOS. I'm pretty sure I put both UEFI files in the same partition (I could be wrong) - once installed, grub will become your default boot manager.

From there you can go to Windows or Linux - sometimes you have to "fix" the grub - after major Windows updates -  I use (http://sourceforge.net/projects/boot-repair-cd/) and do the recommended repair option.


New HDD for old laptop. What's the optimal partitioning scheme?

300Gb for / for what?

25Gb is more than enough for a desktop to install all the software you need.
even for a server (mysql defaults to /var/ for its database) I would expect the personal files to set so it will be on another partition.

I myself would do ...

/ 25 Gb
/home 10 Gb. Don't use this for personal data. See ~./config/users-dirs.dirs on how to change the default directories.
remainder to a partition (as an example: /data). Use this for personal data. Set it up with all the directories /home/$USER/ normally has.

Plus points:

A re-install of your system with keeping your settings: format /, mount /home and /data.
A re-install of your system without keeping your settings: format /, format /home and mount /data.
A backup only requires you to copy /data over to a USB disk
The personal partition can be encrypted if needed.
And, if wanted, you can use /data/ for all users so you share the same desktop with all users simply by  setting up a "group".


Packet Tracer 7.3.1 in Ubuntu 20.04 - symbol lookup error

As a quick workaround for your problem please try to execute packettracer as below:
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/pt/bin/ /opt/pt/bin/PacketTracer7

This worked on fedora 30 after I was getting same error, and I assume it will work for you too as it appears to be that all libraries needed are already installed in the same directory as PacketTracer7 binary.


Custom keymapping via udev/hwdb.d is not working

That one from xev is the key symbol keysym, here the idea:

/keyboard/ → scancode → /input driver/ → keycode → /X server XKB/ → keysym

man xev says: xev - print contents of X events
So, what you are looking for is the early hardware data from keyboard which is the scancode. It can be found using evtest

man evtest evtest - Input device event monitor and query tool

Install it

sudo apt-get install evtest

Run

sudo evtest

Output

Event: time 1435906588.943349, type 4 (EV_MSC), code 4 (MSC_SCAN), value 3b
Event: time 1435906588.943349, type 1 (EV_KEY), code 59 (KEY_F1), value 1

Scancode is 3b


Fresh install from within Ubuntu without CD-ROM or thumbdrive

Just a suggestion. Repartition your drive to create a 2 gig partition (at least) install the ISO to this drive using Unetbootin in the type box change to harddisk and select the new partition. Then update grub and reboot. Select the new partition boot to the live image then install to the old partition. As I say its a suggestion don't know if it will work or what problems you may have along the way. But if it works it works.


What's the Copyright status of Tux The Penguin (The Linux Mascot)?

Please see http://isc.tamu.edu/~lewing/linux/ for details.

Tux the Penguin is an image created by Larry Ewing, and is not owned by The Linux Foundation.


SSD, HDD, legacy and a really messed up situation with GRUB - how to revive lost windows and have dual boot with ubuntu

Because your Windows drive is MBR, your Windows install is in BIOS boot mode.
And since you have two drives, you should always use Something Else install option and install grub2's boot loader to Ubuntu drive. Default is normally first drive and most often sda/Window drive.
But you want to keep Windows boot loader in MBR of Windows drive.

When you installed Windows was BIOS set to default boot from HDD? Windows 7 or later normally uses a separate Boot partition with two boot files, bootmgr & /boot/BCD. But you are totally missing those files. They can be in same partition as main install or c:, but normally are not.
You must use Windows repair/recovery disk to fully repair Windows.
Make sure BIOS is set to boot Windows drive. Only after Windows boots, then set BIOS to boot HDD and use grub to dual boot.

Also with multiple drives do not run Boot-Repair's auto-fix. That installs grub to every drive's MBR, so no matter what settings you have in BIOS, it will boot grub. You actually want BIOS set to boot Ubuntu drive, but have Windows boot loader in Windows drive. Grub only boots working Windows or Windows that is not hibernated/fast boot on. And Windows with updates will turn fast start up back on.

http://askubuntu.com/questions/843153/ubuntu-16-showing-windows-10-partitions


Once check your /var/www permissions it should be:

www-data:www-data
www-data=user
www-data=group

and also:

sudo service apache2 restart

or:

sudo restart apache2


Unable to set proper screen resolution on Ubuntu

Use some tool like arandr.

It allows you to define monitor position and resolution graphically (selecting from the modes supported by your monitor), and then it generates a script having a call to xrandr with those settings. You can then do whatever you like with generated command.

Not all monitors will support a custom resolution you create.


GIMP install failed by ubuntu-software and also "sudo snap install gimp"

The ID is not the ID of a process, but the ID of a failed snap install. Please do

sudo snap abort 30 && sudo systemctl restart snapd.service

Then, try reinstalling.
BTW, there are two no-snap ways to install GIMP; by Flatpak or Ubuntu's repositories. The latter is:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install gimp

and the flatpak method is

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexlarsson/flatpak && sudo apt update && sudo apt install flatpak
flatpak install https://flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gimp.GIMP.flatpakref


Save packages and ppa list since system install

Only do this:

cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/* > savedppa.list

Then save your savedppa.list and place it on the new system:

sudo cp savedppa.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
sudo apt-get update


Cannot add or update software in software center,

You can try

sudo killall apt-get

if this doesn't work, try to manually remove the lock:

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get update


How to backup files from one ubuntu machine to a shared NTFS drive on another ubuntu machine

You can mount your network share on the NTFS drive using /etc/fstab of your Ubuntu laptop. First of all you will need to install cifs-utils package. Create mountpoint in /mnt folder where the network share will be mapped, /mnt/NTFS for example. Then add the following line to your fstab file:

//IP_of_Network_Machine/Shared_folder /mnt/NTFS cifs iocharset=utf8,credentials=/home/Username/.sambapass,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777 0 0

You also need to create /home/Username/.sambapass which will contain your network login and password to access the network share:

username=DOMAIN_or_WORKGROUP/Network_login
password=Network_password

Change keyfile's default permission to increase security and make it inaccessible by other users:

sudo chmod 600 /home/Username/.sambapass

On the next login your network share will be mounted automatically. Now this network share will exist in your filesystem as any local folder and can be easily accessed by any backup software.


How to share VirtualBox Windows XP Guest's Internet Connection with Ubuntu 13.10 Host?

First Step

Select your guest virtual machine in the VirtualBox Manager then
click on Settings.
Select the Network category
Select "Bridged Adapter" in the "Attached to" drop-down list.
Boot your VM normally

Second Step

This post should help you too:

  Add a NIC to the VM if you haven't attached one already and set it to
  Host-Only. In the general VB settings, DISABLE the DHCP service for
  the host-only interface and configure it with the following IP, the
  last number can be anything between 2 and 254: IP: 192.168.0.2 Mask:
  255.255.255.0

  That is everything you can configure there, but your Host needs a
  gateway too, and that will be 192.168.0.1. DNS servers can be whatever
  the Host gets, but you can also use the OpenDNS servers.

  In the Guest, right click on the interface that provides internet and
  click on Properties. Go to the Advanced tab and share the connection.
  This should set the other interface with the IP of 192.168.0.1 and
  enable a DHCP server on it. It's a bit of a shame that it can't be set
  on the Host side to use DHCP, but you can do that manually. Using the
  DHCP option means that the above steps to set a static IP are not
  needed, they will be overwritten by DHCP. You have to run the dhcp
  client from a terminal in order to get the complete configuration for
  use on the Host.

  Hope it makes sense.


blank desktop after installing Ubuntu 14.04 on Oracle virtual box

I am a several years long user of VirtualBox and have noticed this issue with the latest version of Kubuntu (15.04) and the latest version of VirtualBox (4.3.28). I can install Kubuntu just fine on the virtual machine, and get into the desktop, but once I run updates I begin getting the blank screen after login.

I'm beginning to believe it is an issue with the latest Linux Kernel, since that is a part of the update package. Either the kernel is incompatible with VirtualBox, or something in Kubuntu.


NFS will mount but is not accessible until browsed through GUI

The answer here https://askubuntu.com/a/215752/248266

Solved my issue. Seems like a lame workaround that shouldn't be necessary but there it is.

All I needed to do was adding

mount -a

to /etc/rc.local file.


Overheating Toshiba Satellite L655 Laptop with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Ubuntu 14.04 uses kernel 3.13 and since 3.13 there is a major bug in controlling the fans!

I saw reports about affected HP and DELL laptops, and even Macbook Air. The symptom on my HP Compaq nx8220 is that the fan speed is set according to the temperature, but only once at boot time or when resumed after suspend! At boot time the temp is usually medium and the fan stays at medium speed. But after resume the temp is low, the fan stays off and the system overheats easily.

I was able to fix it today (July 13 2014) with a pre-release of kernel 3.13.0-32 from https://launchpad.net/~canonical-kernel-team/+archive/ubuntu/ppa

Careful users should wait a few days to get this fixed kernel as a normal update!

From what I have read the problem was a kernel patch called "ACPI / AC: convert ACPI ac driver to platform bus" which has now been reverted in kernel 3.13.0-31 and higher.


Ubuntu 15.10 installation crash - caps lock blinking, then reboots

Turns out I had to update the BIOS, and it booted just fine (figures). I also had to run it with "nomodeset" before loading Ubuntu from a Live USB.


Did I make a good choice of computer hardware?

It would be better if you mentioned the make/model of the laptop. Despite the basic components which look like they'd work fine, laptop manufacturers use a lot of "proprietary" components (card readers, video cards, the BIOS, and so on) that may give trouble with Ubuntu.

A good resource of information on whether it works or not is the Ubuntu certified system list, these systems are actively tested to ensure they work well with Ubuntu:

http://www.ubuntu.com/certification

Also, Ubuntu Friendly is a community-driven project where users test their systems and report back on whether they work or not:

https://friendly.ubuntu.com/


ubuntu get pasword but not starting after update

This might be related to an ownership or a permission issue: if you have access to TTY using Ctr + alt + F1 (or F2, F3 ... ,F6). Login there: type your login when prompted for it, hit return, you will then be prompted for your password. Type it and hit return. Once you successfully logged in, try the following solutions:

.Xauthority ownership issue

Type ls -lah.
Look at the line containing .Xauthority.
If it owned by root than type: sudo chown YourUsername:YourUsername .Xauthority

. ownership issue

Type ls -lahr.
Look at the line containing only ..
If it owned by root than type: sudo chown YourUsername:YourUsername .

/temp permission issue

Type ls -ld /tmp.
If the permission do no look like drwxrwxrwt
Type sudo chmod a+wt /tmp

Just try deleting .Xauthority (by typing sudo rm .Xauthority)
lightdm is acting up -> complete reinstall

Make sure you are connected to internet with DHCP on!
Log in in the TTY and type the following commands:
sudo apt-get purge lightdm
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lightdm
dpkg-reconfigure lightdm
sudo shutdown -r now #to restart the computer


how to change selection color in Kubuntu 12.04

KDE has a vast set of configuration options - I'm not at all surprised you can't find this!

Fire up System Settings, and click on Application Appearance.

Now click on Icons:

And choose All Icons:

Now click Set Effect for the "Active" icons at the bottom.
You should see:

It sounds like you want the icons to change color when they're highlighted, so try playing with the settings for Colorize.


What to choose when both updates: (1) New Hardware Support available and (2) New ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS are available?

I would upgrade to  14.04.1 LTS first as this may have some of the hardware support updates included;

After updating I would then check to see if the hardware support updates are still available.

This is my personal preference based on potentially saving some time although it shouldn’t make much difference as to what order you select to do it in!

The above is entirely based on weather you want to upgrade you have that option also :)


setting noapic , nolapic and nomodeset at time of installation results in non-responsive keyboard

You were told wrong. If you are getting black screen issues, nomodeset is enough; no(l)apic are for more serious hardware issues, not just to install the Nvidia drivers. noveau running while you install the proprietary (binary/additional) drivers is also perfectly OK; it will be replaced seamlessly by them.


Autoplay audacious running multiple times

Your commandline:

audacious -q -p -h cdda://

is incorrect as the -h option you give is this one:

-h, --help
      Show a brief list of options.

I suspect you are actually after the -H option:

-H, --headless
      Start in command-line mode; i.e., without any graphical user interface.

This then is the commandline you need:

audacious -q -p -H cdda://


what onscreen keyboard is this? trying to disable

Hmmm, well I went to "system settings" -> "keyboard" -> "shortcuts" and clicked on "Universal Access".

there you will see a bunch of options including "Turn on-screen keyboard on or off"

See if it helps.


Looks like the deb package changed the shell integration scripts.

They are located in /usr/share/powerline/bindings/.

Add this to your .bashrc in your home directory:

# Powerline
powerline-daemon -q
POWERLINE_BASH_CONTINUATION=1
POWERLINE_BASH_SELECT=1
source /usr/share/powerline/bindings/bash/powerline.sh