No option for 5.1 Surround through HDMI even with successful speaker-test

I've had mplayer playing 5.1 .mkv movies and 5.1 .flac music for a while now on my Kubuntu 14.10 system (also worked when it was on 14.04, but I upgraded at some point) and today finally got it to work in VLC. I have a Gigabyte GB-BXA8-5545 motherboard with AMDA8-5545M, Trinity, with Radeon 8510G. My solution is to use ALSA, and then you just have to make sure your player is using the correct device. The settings that worked for me in VLC were:

I did have to close and re-open VLC after changing the settings before it started working.

Part of the reason I had trouble getting this to work is that the device that outputs to HDMI 0 is actually card 0, device 3:

$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
  Subdevices: 0/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

This speaker test worked:

speaker-test -c 6 -r 48000 -D hw:0,3

And mplayer plays 5.1 videos with this:

mplayer -channels 6 -ao alsa:device=hdmi=0 myvideo.mkv

Incidentally, when I play the 5.1 video over HDMI, the receiver I'm using (Yamaha RX-V473) switches to "PCM" mode when I start playing in mplayer, by "DTS" if I play through VLC. Either way, both 5 channels are active. I'm not sure what this means, maybe mplayer is decoding the DTS whereas VLC is passing it through?

Feel free to comment and ask if you'd like more details on my setup.


How to create Radio player based on Gnome MPlayer?

as gertvdijk said, you dont need to modify mplayer, but to answer the question 'where do i find the containing folder of it'

    which mplayer

that will show you where mplayer is installed, or atleast give you a symlink to the installation path. and to find out if its a symlink or not

    file /usr/bin/mplayer

that will tell you what kind of file it is and if its a symlink, it will also tell you what its linking too.


I cant use my left control key and Function key while the right one work

Go to settings->Devices->keyboard and have a look at the desired keys if they're set up accordingly.


solve problem with :

sudo apt-get install --reinstall fonts-tlwg-sawasdee-ttf


How do I run a virsh command as an administrator before the window manager starts?

I solved my problem.
In order to force a driver for VFIO to unbind from nvidia  BEFORE the startup of the window manager, you must edit your Xsetup script (For me, it was at /usr/share/sddm/scripts/Xsetup) and add the following to the end of the file:
virsh nodedev-detach pci_0000_05_00_0

It worked flawlessly. However, at that point in the startup, the program did not bind vfio-pci to the device, and that had to be done manually.
However, I found that an easier solution to my problem was to download driverctl and run
sudo driverctl set-override 0000:05:00.0 vfio-pci

THIS finally forced the kernel to bind my second GPU to the vfio-pci driver instead of my nvidia driver. The command MUST be run in terminal mode (CTRL + AlT + 2), and you must stop your window manager (For KUBUNTU sudo systemctl stop sddm.service). Don't bother turning it back on, just reboot. This prevents nvidia from binding to the device, and forced vfio-pci to bind.


Is there a way to save the output of vbeinfo?

Saving the output of vbeinfo will proof the be not possible without too much work.

Fortunately you can also use hwinfo to list your VBE supported modes using the command sudo hwinfo --framebuffer in a terminal.

Install hwinfo with the command sudo apt-get install hwinfo.


How can I delete a corrupted directory? (`rm: cannot remove 'directory': Bad message`)

I had this error message in Nautilus and it could not work normally.  Listing the files with ls in Terminal showed some spurious Mac OS files or directories (like .fseventsd etc.) that I could not remove with sudo rm -rf  but could remove by repairing the partition element with gnome-disks.  Checking did not reveal any defect.  Actually, I had to repair twice.


Lost Windows 7 in GRUB after installing Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS

Problem solved. I typed all at once:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (boot-repair &)


Will Gnome 2 aka "Ubuntu Classic Desktop" continue to be developed after 11.04?

In the newest version of Ubuntu (11.10 Oneiric Ocelot), there will not be an option for "Classic Desktop" by default. The 'fallback' will likely be Unity 2D. Source

Gnome 2.32 is unlikely to receive additional official support. Gnome 3 (which is not the same as gnome shell) is available now, so any updates to the 2.x version will likely be small community fixes since 3.x will essentially replace it. Again, Gnome Shell is NOT necessary to run gnome 3.x, it is just a shell that runs on top of it.


The xdg-mime program can be used to query information about file types and to add descriptions for new file types.
default -Ask the desktop environment to make application the default application for opening files of type mimetype. An application can be made the default for several file types by specifying multiple mimetypes.
Running the command below will set your default file manager to nemo.
For more information about xdg-mime read man file or check those links:
Example how to change file manager or man page.

xdg-mime default nemo.desktop inode/directory application/x-gnome-saved-search


Unity 2d loading instead of Unity 3d  at login

I had previously chosen to install the proprietary Nvidia drivers, both the 'version current' and 'version current-updates'.

I have:
Ubuntu 12.04 with all the latest updates,
Nvidia Geforce GTX 460

I was making sure to choose 'Ubuntu' (instead of 'Ubuntu 2D') during logging in, yet I was still getting Unity 2D.  After some research, I fixed this problem for myself by:

Removing the Nvidia proprietary drivers:

System Settings -> Additional Drivers (Wait a minute while it loads,)
Choose each driver and choose 'Remove' (if the option exists,)

Reboot.

Amazingly, the default drivers worked perfectly, (even with my dual monitors!)

Now when I choose 'Ubuntu' (instead of 'Ubuntu 2D') during logging in I actually get Unity 3D!


Plex used to work, but I can't find what I did before reinstalling my OS

Unfortunately, the snap version of Plex Media Server can have the problem of not being able to read into other folders on the drive due to containment of the application.  To solve this, first remove the snap version of Plex

sudo snap remove plexmediaserver

Following this link here add the Plex repository to your system

echo deb https://downloads.plex.tv/repo/deb public main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/plexmediaserver.list

Add the key

curl https://downloads.plex.tv/plex-keys/PlexSign.key | sudo apt-key add -

Update the system and install Plex Media Server

sudo apt update
sudo apt install plexmediaserver

If it complains that it is already installed, it would be best to reinstall it

sudo apt install --reinstall plexmediaserver

Run Plex normally.  The following link can help with moving the metadata to another location for safe keeping.

https://smyl.es/how-to-move-plex-metadata-and-index-data-to-new-driver-andor-directory-location/

Hope this helps!


Creating symbolic links within folders shared with the windows host system

Make sure all VMs, as well as the VirtualBox GUI are closed.

Go to where VirtualBox is installed.

In my case, that's C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox.

There, execute command

VBoxManage.exe setextradata VM_NAME VBoxInternal2/SharedFoldersEnableSymlinksCreate/SHARED_NAME 1

Where VM_NAME is the name you've given the VirtualBox VM
and SHARED_NAME is the name you've given the shared folder when you set it up.

E.g. if I have a Virtual machine named Linux, for which I've set up a shared folder SHARED that I can access with ~/SHARED from within the guest, the command will be

VBoxManage.exe setextradata Linux VBoxInternal2/SharedFoldersEnableSymlinksCreate/SHARED 1

Despite this command -- and the way I understand it, depending on your windows version -- you may additionally have to run VirtualBox as administrator to be able to create symlinks.

Tested with Virtualbox Version 5.1.22 r115126 (Qt5.6.2).


Is there a command to explicit the Ubuntu flavour?

Try lsb_release -a

$lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description:    Debian GNU/Linux 8.4 (jessie)
Release:    8.4
Codename:   jessie


Ubuntu boots to black screen after restart but works after being shutdown

After some more meddling, I've found a solution: just edit GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash reboot=pci" and run sudo update-grub (or do the same using grub-customizer).

Other possible values:

warm - don’t set the cold reboot flag
cold - set the cold reboot flag
bios - reboot by jumping through the BIOS (only for X86_32)
smp (reboot by executing reset on BSP or other CPU - only for X86_32)
triple - force a triple fault - init
kbd - use the keyboard controller. cold reset (default)
acpi - use the RESET_REG in the FADT
efi - use efi reset_system runtime service
pci - use the so-called “PCI reset register”, CF9
force - avoid anything that could hang


how to play BBC radios music live on rhythmbox after BBC stops WMA streams (februar 2015)

There are still MP3-based and AAC+ streams. The BBC doesn't directly maintain a list of these URLs but I have found a few. This is the best one I've found so far.

The problem here is most of the playlist items are hosted on RadioFeeds, not by the BBC. If RadioFeeds went down, you'd lose radio. The files they host are actually pretty slim playlist wrappers to stream URLs that are hosted on behalf of the BBC. You can use a little bit of CLI magic to get a list of direct URLs:

$ wget -qO- http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/bbcradio{1,2,3,4fm}.pls | grep -Po '(?<=File1=)[^?]+'
http://bbcmedia.ic.llnwd.net/stream/bbcmedia_radio1_mf_p
http://bbcmedia.ic.llnwd.net/stream/bbcmedia_radio2_mf_p
http://bbcmedia.ic.llnwd.net/stream/bbcmedia_radio3_mf_p
http://bbcmedia.ic.llnwd.net/stream/bbcmedia_radio4fm_mf_p

This site also has some direct .pls files for AAC+ that the BBC hosts. These are probably a better option in the long run.

$ wget -qO- http://www.listenlive.eu/uk.html | grep -Eo 'http://www\.bbc\.co\.uk.*.pls'
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/listen/live/r1_aaclca.pls
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/listen/live/r2_aaclca.pls
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/listen/live/r3_aaclca.pls
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/listen/live/r4_aaclca.pls
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/listen/live/r4lw_aaclca.pls
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/listen/live/r4x_aaclca.pls
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/listen/live/r5l_aaclca.pls
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/listen/live/r5lsp_aaclca.pls
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/listen/live/r6_aaclca.pls
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/listen/live/r1x_aaclca.pls
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/listen/live/ran_aaclca.pls
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/meta/live/mp3/eneuk.pls


Ubuntu 18.04 "Bootup is not yet finished. Please try again later." error

Try this:
systemctl list-jobs
From:
https://www.horizonemb.com/tech-blog-posts/handling-systemd-analyze-error-bootup-is-not-yet-finished/

  Overview

  The systemd-analyze tool requires that all boot services are completed
  before the tool can be run successfully. If there are still
  outstanding services active, then the following error will be
  returned:

root@yocto-platform1:~# systemd-analyze
Bootup is not yet finished. Please try again later.

  Diagnosing

  To find out what services are still active, the systemctl list-jobs
  command can be used, e.g.:

root@yocto-platform1:~# systemctl list-jobs
JOB UNIT TYPE STATE
1 multi-user.target start waiting
102 rsync-appdatas.service start running
82 sync-rtc-to-sys-clock.service start running
83 systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service start waiting 4 jobs listed.

  These services can then be stopped as required:

root@yocto-platform1:~# systemctl stop rsync-appdatas ```

  Causes

  A service which has not compete at start-up will need to be
  investigated. Once possible cause the the misconfiguration of a custom
  service which is started at boot time, and is expected to behave as a
  traditional Unix daemon by running continuously after boot has
  completed. For these types of services they should be configured as
  Type=forking. See here for further details (don’t forget to add the
  creation of a PIDFile):
  https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.service.html


Android phone does not appear in lsusb after entering "downloading" mode!

Most of the suggestions out there on how to fix similar (but not the same issue as this) include;

Ensure you have the udev rules setup correctly - see installation instructions
Trying different USB cables
Trying different USB ports
Restarting the computer
Ensure you're using USB2 ports

However, for me, none of these worked, even though it would appear that the USB port was good, that is until you switch to download mode.

I experienced this on both Ubuntu Linux 14.04 and Windows 7 on the same machine.

I thought perhaps because the issue occurred in both Linux and Windows and the USB ports seemingly worked fine when not in download mode that it must be an issue with the phone. On the phone I checked that;

KNOX wasn't running
Performed a factory reset, several times, as some users out there seem to have reported success on their third or fourth factory resets

Finally I tried on an older Dell laptop, running Ubuntu 10.04, using the cable supplied with the phone, and it worked flawlessly first time.

So, my suggestion would be that perhaps try a different computer.

I'm yet to confirm whether the issue is related to the Ubuntu version, but I'll do that later today. Confirmed, Ubuntu 14.04 works fine on another machine.


Tap and hold the Alt Gr key while typing 2

You then will get superscript ² as required.

FWIW ³  ½  ¾ are also available from pressing Alt Gr with 3 5 and 6 respectively (and there are others too to experiment with).

Some keyboards do not come equipped with the Alt Gr key (such as the French AZERTY keyboard) and in that case a useful work-around can be found in this resource: https://www.alt-codes.net/fraction-symbols from which you can hover over the symbol you require, left click with the mouse which places the character in the clip board and then use either Ctrlv or right mouse click and select to Paste where required in your text.


Change where cursor plots on startup and login

This only works on Xorg, not Wayland.  If you want to use this solution, you may choose to login into an Xorg session from the GDM login screen.

Make sure the Universe repository is enabled using the Software & Updates application.
Install xdotool, which will be used to move the mouse pointer.  (xdotool only works in Xorg).  Open a Terminal window (Ctrl-Alt-T) and enter the following.

sudo apt install xdotool

Then create a .desktop file that executes when you login.  Enter the following in the Terminal window.

gedit ~/.config/autostart/move_pointer.desktop

Copy and paste the following into the move_pointer.desktop file.  On the third line, enter the x and y coordinates where you want the mouse pointer to move to.  In this example the pointer will move 150 pixels from the left edge of the screen and 100 pixels from the top edge of the screen.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Exec=xdotool mousemove 150 100
Hidden=false
NoDisplay=false
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true
Name[en_US]=Move Mouse Pointer
Name=Move Mouse Pointer
Comment[en_US]=Move the mouse pointer to the top left of the screen.
Comment=Move the mouse pointer to the top left of the screen.

Save the file and exit Gedit. Logout and login to test.


How to enable Arabic support in GNOME terminal?

For Ubuntu 64 bit, you would need to download BiCon, the Bidirectional Console, download

instead. I guess you were having a dependency problem.
You would need also to install the apps stated above with this command.

sudo apt-get install libfribidi0 libfribidi-dev

Hope that this could help


Desktop doesn't login after GDM login unless I restart it

I did have the same problem in natty with Unity not booting in but after I took the plunge and installed the ATI fglrx drivers the problem disappeared completly.
Not sure if that would help you with gnome 3 but it might be worth a try

I did it using the terminal with the

sudo apt-get install fglrx

For some reason I do not understand it fixed my login issues issues and I was having exactly the same issue as you ie I would have to log in again to get a desktop which was (as you are finding ) a little annoying.

I would have preferred to stick with the open source drivers and do not do any 3d stuff to speak of but as this fix worked for me I stuck with it.

Let us know how you get on.


sys/cdefs.h:no such file or directory on arm v7 architecture with ubuntu trusty

First check the architecture:

$ dpkg --print-architecture
armhf

Install  linux-libc-dev-armhf , libc6-armhf and libc6-dev-armhf. All these packages are for ubuntu 14.04 (trusty tahr) from ubuntu.packages

and finally it works.LOL


Is it safe to delete /var/lib/snapd/snapshots?

You probably can just delete these archive files without negative side effects, but the user exposed approach to delete snapshots is using the snap forget command.

List the saved snapshots with the command snap saved
Remove a snapshot with the command snap forget # where # stands for the set number (first column in the output of the list).

Snapshots that are automatically created (i.e., not actively by you through a snap save command) are automatically deleted after 31 days.
Specifically for Spotify: these snapshots contain user configuration data. In the case of Spotify, this might include locally buffered or downloaded music. This can explain the very large size.


Docker is managed via upstart, try using service docker

Due to the current Docker 1.9.1 + Linux kernel bug 18180 which is buried deep in a Linux kernel bug related to AUFS, I was looking to move my Ubuntu 14.04 installation of Docker 1.9.1 down to Docker 1.8.3, but also have it auto-start on boot like the apt installer would have done...

So, I pulled the Docker 1.8.3 binary from https://get.docker.com/builds/Linux/x86_64/docker-1.8.3, then moved it to /usr/bin/docker, gave it sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/docker executable permissions.

Then, I grabbed the raw sysvinit-debian/docker script, and also commented out the check_init() body (it was giving me unnecessary grief) and replaced it with simply "echo 'Skipping check_init()" and then dropped it into /etc/init.d. Then I set that script to run on boot startup as root with ln -s /etc/init.d/docker /etc/rc2.d/S99docker, and ran sudo reboot. After that, I'm back running the Docker (1.8.3) service on boot, from a raw binary installation:

$ service docker status
 * Docker is running

Looks all good here - I can run $ docker run -it hello-world correctly now too, and keep moving until 18180 is fixed.


Creating bootable USB media requires low-level access to them, which isn't (well) implemented in Wine for various theoretical and practical reasons.

Instead of going through Wine, you can instead follow Canonical's official instructions to create bootable USB media in Ubuntu.


Use the "something else" option and simply set the "/" partition as the ubuntu partition, along with format. It will install to that partition and erase the old ubuntu partition, but also leave the windows 8 partition intact.


How to re-enable tray icons for applications in Ubuntu?

I really don't recommend using my sacy-tests PPA 'blindly' (mentioned in the answers by @alwaysask and @tolima). Because it contains changes to many packages, some quite specific. One should take the time to read the descriptions to see if any or all these changes are wanted.

(When using add-apt-repository you are given the opportunity to review them ...)

So because some just want to re-enable the whitelist and may not appreciate or find the other changes I use suitable, I have set up a standalone PPA for just re-enabling the whitelist for unity in Ubuntu saucy, if still viable will add trusty down the road:

https://launchpad.net/~mc3man/+archive/systray-white


Usually vi mode is set in bash with set -o vi .
By default, and contrary to the editor itself, you will be in insert mode.
You can hit ESC and i to move between insert and command mode.

  When you enter a line in vi mode, you
  are already placed in `insertion'
  mode, as if you had typed an "i".
  Pressing ESC switches you into
  "command" mode, where you can edit the
  text of the line with the standard vi
  movement keys, move to previous
  history lines with "k" and subsequent
  lines with "j" and so forth.

(from linuxselfhelp )

To go to the default mode, use set -o emacs .

According to this question , you can toggle out of emacs mode (and back) with Meta+Ctrl+J .  But I can't get that to work on my keyboard (perhaps because I'm not sure what Meta is mapped to).

Here's a link with some editing commands : hyperex.org : vi mode .

Here's another link to a cheat-sheet type reference : catonmat.net .


Install es40 emulator from source code on ubuntu 14.04.3

I believe you still have some makefiles or other files with the wrong encoding.

Try using "unzip -a es40.zip" to let your unzip program handle CRLF conversion.  See if that helps.


Ubuntu 17.10 is downloading updates without confirmation

Quick answer:

Set "Automatically check for updates" to "Never", & then manually update.

Why:

The standard Software & Updates GUI is based off of the unattended-upgrades package, which auto-downloads security updates when it checks for all upgrades.

From the Ubuntu Automatic Updates page:

  The unattended-upgrades package can be used to automatically install
  updated packages, and can be configured to update all packages or just
  install security updates.

As XModulo explains:

  On Ubuntu, automatic updates are managed by a package called
  unattended-upgrades which is installed by default. This package
  downloads and installs security updates automatically. Optionally, it
  can also auto-upgrade packages available from other configured APT
  sources (such as "updates", "proposed" "backports").

Xmodulo goes on to explain that the only way to turn off the automatic security update downloads is to change the "Automatically check for updates" setting to "Never". Somewhat counterintuitive, and not a great solution, but necessary if you need to preserve bandwidth, etc.

Manually Updating:

Manually updating is fairly straightforward from Synaptic (which may need to be installed), or from a command line:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Of course, you could setup a reminder to manually update, or other creative bash, etc workarounds if you want some vestige of 'automatic' update.


Letting your installed OS get out of date raises the risk that a security flaw that was unknown the last time you installed or updated, but discovered (by black hat types) later, may not get fixed, leaving your system open to exploits, potentially including using your processor to mine cryptocurrency, making it part of a botnet used for hacking attacks or denial of service, stealing your private information stored in your system (including passwords for things like your bank and email), or installing ransomware.

A better path, if you have reason to suspect unreliable updates, is to delay installing updates.  Many IT departments do this with their Windows updates, to be sure they won't promptly and broadly install one that bricks their hardware (been known to happen!).

The potential problem with Ubuntu and other Linux distros in this regard is there's no simple way to "sudo apt update-to-october".  One way you might do this is to download the update files promptly, but hold them in a sort of quarantine for a period of time to watch for reports of problems before installing.  Self-reminders using cron will help keep your schedule.


LibreOffice Base crashes on 32bit arch for 16.04 and 17.04

I finally found some info. Issue started mid June 2017.

LibreOffice Base does not work on a 32 bit Linux machine
It should be fixed with a new kernel release (hopefully)
It is a change in the kernel (security fix) that affected Java that is required for LibreOffice Base
Neither Ubuntu or LibreOffice or OpenJDK can fix this kernel issue (OK, maybe OpenJDK could also fix it)
There IS a workaround (tested on 16.04 and 17.04): "Add kernel parameter stack_guard_gap=1"

Edit the file /etc/default/grub and change the line beginning GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT to include the parameter, for example after your edit it may look like this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash stack_guard_gap=1"

then run sudo update-grub and reboot.

You should remove this parameter when the new kernel solve the issue (test), because I guess is it less secure without stack_guard ...

References:

The Ubuntu bug report
The LibreOffice bug report
A Linux Kernel Mailing List post by Ben Hutchings
Problematic code

Looks like I cannot post more than 2 Links here. But complete answer is here at ask.libreoffice.org.


Dual Boot Problem (Windows 8 and Ubuntu 12.04)

You could always download and use Resc-a-tux.

This is a live cd with a primary goal: Restoring grub/installing grub. It's a nice program which I used after windows just removed my grub without asking, and it worked like a charm.

  Rescatux features:

  Fixes GRUB and GRUB2

  Regenerates Debian/Ubuntu grub menues

  Check and fix filesystems

  Fixes Windows MBR

  Blank Windows passwords

  Boot Info Script

  Change Gnu/Linux password

  Regenerate sudoers file

  Extra tools:

  Synaptic

  Gparted 0.7


Disable On-screen Keyboard 18.04 at all times

This is a bug, reported here in the GNOME bug tracker.


laptop suspend broken after latest kernel update

I'm afraid we/you have very few options at the moment. We/You most probably suffer from Bug 1324697.

One of the workarounds is to use the kernel 3.13.0-24, as you already stated. The other is to use one of the mainline kernels of the kernel ppa. I chose the 3.16.0-031600 version.


Wrong permissions on configuration file of phpmyadmin

if you are running  XAMPP on 14.04
this must work

sudo chmod 644 /opt/lampp/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php


Creating an answer - thanks @Kulfy for your remark.
Solved by going through the interactive installer. After that, the yaml was available under /var/log/installer:
As far as the storage section is concerned, the file contained the following lines:
storage:
    config:
    - {ptable: gpt, serial: LITEONIT_LCS-128M6S_2.5_7mm_128GB_TW032GYJ550854163694,
      path: /dev/sdb, wipe: superblock, preserve: false, name: '', grub_device: false,
      type: disk, id: disk-sdb}
    - {device: disk-sdb, size: 536870912, wipe: superblock, flag: boot, number: 1,
      preserve: false, grub_device: true, type: partition, id: partition-0}
    - {fstype: fat32, volume: partition-0, preserve: false, type: format, id: format-0}
    - {device: disk-sdb, size: 1073741824, wipe: superblock, flag: '', number: 2,
      preserve: false, type: partition, id: partition-1}
    - {fstype: ext4, volume: partition-1, preserve: false, type: format, id: format-1}
    - {device: disk-sdb, size: 126422614016, wipe: superblock, flag: '', number: 3,
      preserve: false, type: partition, id: partition-2}
    - {volume: partition-2, key: 'safekey', preserve: false, type: dm_crypt, id: dm_crypt-0}
    - name: ubuntu-vg
      devices: [dm_crypt-0]
      preserve: false
      type: lvm_volgroup
      id: lvm_volgroup-0
    - {name: ubuntu-lv, volgroup: lvm_volgroup-0, size: 4294967296B, preserve: false,
      type: lvm_partition, id: lvm_partition-0}
    - {fstype: ext4, volume: lvm_partition-0, preserve: false, type: format, id: format-2}
    - {device: format-2, path: /, type: mount, id: mount-2}
    - {device: format-1, path: /boot, type: mount, id: mount-1}
    - {device: format-0, path: /boot/efi, type: mount, id: mount-0}

I've also successfully used the generated lines in an unattended setup.


I'm not proficient with Selecline BIOS, You can add some photo of its BIOS menus so we can help more.
For an ultimate solution, get the HD into another functional PC, install Linux, then replace it back into your Selecline. But be aware this may void the warranty of your PC.


Ubiquity appears to hang installing dual boot OSX

Create a seperate partition for ubuntu installation and install Ubuntu on it. Reboot and install ubuntu to create a live media in order to Install Ubuntu  on your system, also delete the partiton
created in OSX and merge that space with the Ubuntu partition using Gparted.

You can get help on ubuntu installation here

and here


Well this might be a workaround

Edit you rc.local file which will run on each startup,

sudo gedit /etc/rc.local

to write there something like,

echo 100 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

or

echo 100 > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness

depending on what defines your system brightness.

you can find out which brightness value is best for you by looking in the "actual_brightness" file. Then change the 100 for that number.


To summarize the comments: Many file and directory ownerships in the system are broken (owned by the main user instead of e.g. root, wrong permissions). Your system is more or less broken. In what ways did the previous owner abuse this system?

You can try to find out what the default ownerships and permissions are, and set them manually; there is no way to reset all ownerships and permissions automatically. I wish you the all the fun in the world would you choose to do so.

Alternatively, reinstall the system. Only by doing so you can be sure that any digital crimes committed to this computer by the previous owner are rooted out. That way, you'll have a clean, recent and properly owned system. You can get Ubuntu installation images from here; installation instructions can be found here. Create a backup of all your personal files before reinstalling the system.


Web Control Panel for Multiple Students W/Login

host more than one website on a single Linux machine use "virtual Hosting"
two Types of Virtual Host
Name Based Virtual Hosting:
several domains/websites on a single machine with a single IP.
IP Based Virtual Hosting:
assign a separate IP for each domain on a single server
How to Setup
Setup Name Based Virtual Host
But, before creating a virtual host, you need to create a directory where you will keep all your website’s files. So, create directories for these two virtual hosts under /var/www/html folder. Please remember /var/www/html will be your default Document Root in the Apache virtual configuration.
mkdir /var/www/html/example1.com/
mkdir /var/www/html/example2.com/

To set up Name based virtual hosting you must need to tell Apache to which IP you will be using to receive the Apache requests for all the websites or domain names. We can do this with NameVirtualHost directive. Open Apache main configuration file with VI editor.
 vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Search for NameVirtualHost and uncomment this line by removing the # sign in front of it.
NameVirtualHost
Next add the IP with possible in which you want to receive Apache requests. After the changes, your file should look like this:
NameVirtualHost 192.168.0.100:80

setup Virtual host sections for your domains,Here in this example, We are setting up virtual host sections for two domains
www.example1.com
www.example2.com

Add the following two virtual directives at the bottom of the file. Save and close the file.
<VirtualHost 192.168.0.100:80>
    ServerAdmin     webmaster@example1.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example1.com
    ServerName www.example1.com
    ErrorLog      logs/www.example1.com-error_log
    CustomLog logs/www.example1.com-access_log     common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
     ServerAdmin webmaster@example2.com
     DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example2.com
     ServerName www.example2.com
     ErrorLog logs/www.example2.com-error_log
     CustomLog logs/www.example2.com-access_log common
 </VirtualHost>

You are free to add as many directives you want to add in your domains virtual host section.
please check the syntax of files with following command.
httpd -t  Syntax OK

If syntax is OK. Please restart your Web server and add it to chkconfig to make your web server start in runlevel 3 and 5 at the boot time only.
service httpd restart
chkconfig --level 35 httpd on

now it's time to create your html content in any of example directories or setup wordpress in any of them.
Once you’re done with it, you can test the setup by accessing both the domains in a browser.
http://www.example1.com
http://www.example2.com


I have found answer on another thread, putting it here for reference.

Go to /etc/defaults/grub, change value of

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_sleep=nonvs"

Then run:

sudo update-grub

Solved :)


calling ssh alias with sshc strange character appear on remote host

First error :

You need to add the $ symbol to retrieve the output of your commands

Second error :

Add a semicolon at the end of all your statements.

This function work as you want I think.

function sshhelper() {
    HOST="$(echo $@ | cut -d'@' -f2)";

    case $HOST in
        fhem ) PROFILE="FHEM" ;;
    esac

    gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=$PROFILE -x  bash -c "ssh $1";
}

And finally add your alias :

alias sshc="sshhelper"

And don't forget to close and reopen your terminal.

Tried and functional.


You need to add cuda path to your /home/username/.bashrc file to setup the CUDA environment:

export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda-7.5
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${CUDA_HOME}/lib64

PATH=${CUDA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}
export PATH

Please change the version numbers to yours and source your /home/username/.bashrc file.

source:

http://www.r-tutor.com/gpu-computing/cuda-installation/cuda7.5-ubuntu


How to deal with low-graphics mode on startup?

I would not recomment you to ignore this error. Just uninstall your current graphics dirver and use xorg driver.
To uninstall your graphics dirver go to dash and type "Drivers" and something like "Additional Drivers" should appear.


MySQL service doesn't start up on Ubuntu 16.04 pam_unix problem

Are you using "vsftpd" ?

Maybe if you remove it you won't have the issue again

sudo apt-get remove vsftpd


Ubuntu 10.10

I use a local keyboard with US and Thai layout.
The us layout is ok for me, but I like to have some
additional german characters like äöü ÄÖÜ
This can easy be implemented with xmodmap, but if
you switch to the second layout, you will observe
some strange results.

I found a good solution: create and use your custom keyboard!

/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/
choose your nearest preference, in my case us
and save it with a new name: us-de
delete anything, which you don't need, and change,
what ever you like. My file for us-de:

default
xkb_symbols "basic" {

name[Group1]= "ASCII with german";

// Alphanumeric section
key <TLDE> { [ grave, asciitilde ] };
key <AE01> { [ 1, exclam ] };
key <AE02> { [ 2, at, twosuperior ] };
key <AE03> { [ 3, numbersign, threesuperior ] };
key <AE04> { [ 4, dollar, onequarter ] };
key <AE05> { [ 5, percent, onehalf ] };
key <AE06> { [ 6, asciicircum, threequarters ] };
key <AE07> { [ 7, ampersand ] };
key <AE08> { [ 8, asterisk, oneeighth ] };
key <AE09> { [ 9, parenleft ] };
key <AE10> { [ 0, parenright, degree ] };
key <AE11> { [ minus, underscore ] };
key <AE12> { [ equal, plus ] };

key <AD01> { [ q, Q ] };
key <AD02> { [ w, W ] };
key <AD03> { [ e, E, EuroSign, cent ] };
key <AD04> { [ r, R ] };
key <AD05> { [ t, T ] };
key <AD06> { [ y, Y ] };
key <AD07> { [ u, U, udiaeresis, Udiaeresis ] };
key <AD08> { [ i, I ] };
key <AD09> { [ o, O, odiaeresis, Odiaeresis ] };
key <AD10> { [ p, P ] };
key <AD11> { [ bracketleft, braceleft ] };
key <AD12> { [ bracketright, braceright ] };

key <AC01> { [ a, A, adiaeresis, Adiaeresis ] };
key <AC02> { [ s, S ] };
key <AC03> { [ d, D ] };
key <AC04> { [ f, F ] };
key <AC05> { [ g, G ] };
key <AC06> { [ h, H ] };
key <AC07> { [ j, J ] };
key <AC08> { [ k, K ] };
key <AC09> { [ l, L ] };
key <AC10> { [ semicolon, colon ] };
key <AC11> { [ apostrophe, quotedbl ] };

key <AB01> { [ z, Z ] };
key <AB02> { [ x, X ] };
key <AB03> { [ c, C ] };
key <AB04> { [ v, V ] };
key <AB05> { [ b, B ] };
key <AB06> { [ n, N ] };
key <AB07> { [ m, M, mu ] };
key <AB08> { [ comma, less ] };
key <AB09> { [ period, greater ] };
key <AB10> { [ slash, question ] };

key <BKSL> { [ backslash, bar ] };
key <CAPS> { [ VoidSymbol ] };

// End alphanumeric section
include "level3(ralt_switch)"
};

/usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.xml
Modify evdev.xml so your custom keyboard will be recognised:
search for </layoutList> and
add the following just before </layoutList>:

<layout>
<configItem>
<name>us-de</name> <!-- a) -->
<shortDescription>US-DE</shortDescription> <!-- b) -->
<description>ASCII with german</description> <!-- c) -->
<languageList><iso639Id>eng</iso639Id></languageList> <!-- d) -->
</configItem>
</layout>

a) us-de is the filename of the new keyboard layout in X11/xkb/symbols
b) US-DE this will appear eg. in the indicator applet
c) ASCII with german must coincide with the text at the begin of your file:
name[Group1]= "ASCII with german";
This text will also appear as comment under "Layouts"
d) if you choose "eng" your layout will be shown in
System->Preferences->Keyboard->tab Layouts->Add->By Language->English
under "Variants"

log out and log in again, and check
System->Preferences->Keyboard->tab Layouts->Add->By Language->English
if you can find your custom layout, happy! You are ready to go!
Select your first and second layou here. Add a keyboard switcher applet
here under "options" you can also disable the CapsLock key.
the default keyboard will annoy you and sometime reappear...
If you like to get rid of this, edit /var/cache/gdm/$USER/dmrc
and place anything existing as your new default: Layout=us-de
then reboot.

Based on a post on UbuntuForums.com by Andy Meier at December 28th, 2010.


Is it possible to get Drakconf in Ubuntu?

To answer your question the short way, yes.  But, Drakconf tools is part of the so-called drakxtools and is specifically designed for Mandriva. However if the source code is available, it can be ported to other distributions.

The Ubuntu System Settings allows you to configure various parts of your system using a collection of tools.


Possibly using a OTG usb adapter connecting a usb keyboard and a bootable usb flash drive you may be able to reinstall by tapping ESC key when first booting up. you will be able to see the bios settings that way, but the options are limited.

Tampered with the settings a little, but dont want to try myself and screw it up.


How to connect to the VPN automatically on Ubuntu 19.04

The build I have that's closest related to yours uses the connection profiles found under /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections
Some connection profile settings that may be of use; documentation pulled from nm-settings from developer.gnome.org
autoconnect-priority <int32>

The autoconnect priority. If the connection is set to autoconnect, connections with higher priority will be preferred. Defaults to 0. The higher number means higher priority.

autoconnect-slaves   <int32>

Whether or not slaves of this connection should be automatically brought up when NetworkManager activates this connection. This only has a real effect for master connections. The properties "autoconnect", "autoconnect-priority" and "autoconnect-retries" are unrelated to this setting. The permitted values are: 0: leave slave connections untouched, 1: activate all the slave connections with this connection, -1: default. If -1 (default) is set, global connection.autoconnect-slaves is read to determine the real value. If it is default as well, this fallbacks to 0.

master <string>

Interface name of the master device or UUID of the master connection.

secondaries <array of strings>

List of connection UUIDs that should be activated when the base connection itself is activated. Currently only VPN connections are supported.

Putting this together with manuals that maybe reviewed via man NetworkManager, man NetworkManager.conf, and man nm-settings, here's the portions of my AP's connection profile, eg. /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/WiFI_AP, that are relevant...
[connection]
id=WiFI_AP
uuid=aaaa-0000-aaaa-0000
type=wifi
autoconnect=true
autoconnect-priority=9000
permissions=
secondaries=deadbeef-d3ad-b33f-dead-be33e3f;
autoconnect-slaves=1
vpn.timeout=120
# ... more connection config blocks...

... the VPN connection profile did not require modification (in other-words I only included master documentation references in-case your system requires it for some reason), instead I had to copy it's uuid into the above secondaries list, in this example that would mean the /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/VPN_Client looks something like...
[connection]
id=VPN_Client
uuid=deadbeef-d3ad-b33f-dead-be33e3f
type=vpn
permissions=
secondaries=
# ... more connection config blocks...

Note, lists for connection profiles are space separated   strings, and end with a semicolon ;

I've tried turning off/of my WiFi as well as reboots and full shutdowns and the connection resumes as desired!
If ya run into problems, eg sudo systemctl status NetworkManager is logging read errors or file not found, then ya may want to move the VPN configurations and certs into a directory that isn't an encrypted home directory, or set a longer vpn.timeout, or log-in faster.

Reading through the comments of your question @Per-ÅkeFranklind, sounds like the network shape is a bit like...
    [Mac_wlan]    # Host hardware
       | ^
       v |
    [VMs_vEth]    # Virtualized interface
       | ^
       v |
    [VPN_tun0]    # Within VM of Ubuntu

Names are just placeholders because the question doesn't include it explicitly, so some translation will be required yet again.
And no LaTeX/Mathjax support here so can't really make the above any prettier.

... if so then you've got a firewall at the Host level Mac_wlan that'll need to be configured to allow traffic forwarded out of VMs_vEth, then within the VMs instance of VMs_vEth (which may be renamed within the Guest OS) the firewall there will have to be configured to allow traffic forwarded out of the VPN_tun0 interface, and each layer should allow established (and in some cases related) connections the other direction.
If ya edit your question with more info, scrubbed of course of anything sensitive, for example the guest OS's /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections connection profiles, and what your VPN configs sorta look like, it will help those that wish to provide ya with a more complete answer.


When you installed Ubuntu, it usually asks for a User name and a password, a fairly strong password without which it does not proceed ahead with the installation. The system is asking for this password. If you don't remember what the password was, follow the steps given in the answers of this question. There are multiple versions, follow the one applicable to you.


Dependency errors for MySQL packages when I run `sudo apt-get upgrade`

After attempting to remove and reinstall MySQL, this answer ended up fixing it: https://askubuntu.com/a/763623/485614


After upgrade goes to wallpaper but no icons or connections

There might be a problem with upgrades. The best action would be to boot to the older system.
The first way of doing it while booting hold SHIFT button till you see Grub menu. Select older version and press ENTER, if you don't see older version select

  Advanced options for Ubuntu

and press ENTER, then select older versions.
After booting OS you can try to reinstall the upgrades. If not sure what to do edit grub.cfg and add the older version to the top.

If nothing works, connect to WiFi (description here).

Then reinstall latest upgrades and fix Ubuntu (description here)

If both does not work, try this help from ubuntuforums.

If that doesn’t work, backup user files and try clean install of latest Ubuntu. I would not do it, though.


Wrapping lines bugs when trying to colour terminal PS1 (even when escaping non printing caracters)

The problem would be that (emphasis mine, from the bash manual, 6.9 Controlling the Prompt):

  After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion,
  command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject
  to the value of the promptvars shell option (see Bash Builtins).

So, the \[ in your function output comes too late to tell Bash that control codes follow. You need to set PS1 with the output of the function included for this to work. I'd suggest using PROMPT_COMMAND thus:

PROMPT_COMMAND='PS1="${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\](`batPer`)-\A:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ "'

Note how the inner quotes are double quotes, so each time PS1 is set, the function output is added to it, and then Bash decodes PS1 to display the prompt.

Side note: with this, you don't need to echo -e the output. Before, you needed that for colour since Bash wasn't interpreting it after expanding the PS1 string. Now, Bash will decode the control codes as well.


"Package 'wine' is not installed, so not removed ... winehq-devel is already the newest version (1.9.24~ubuntu16.04.1)

Simply use the following command

sudo apt-get purge wine* ; sudo dpkg --purge wine*

where * represents your installed wine version
i found this really useful on
How do I remove all programs connected to Wine and Wine with one command?


Disable docking station sound card while still being able to use a USB sound card

I don't have this specific dock, but I have a similar one (the Dell WD19) which also has line-out and headphones sockets. It's frustrating because PulseAudio will automatically switch sound output to the dock headphones output every time I connect the dock, even if there's no headphones connected. If I'm taking a call I'll connect a USB headset, so I have no use for the headphones or line-out ports on the dock. I do quite like having PulseAudio switch automatically to the USB headset though, so I don't want to disable the automatic switching altogether. It's possible to change the active output through the command line, as described in this question, but the automatic switching still goes back to the dock outputs when I disconnect the headset.
It turns out it's not so hard to have PulseAudio ignore a device, through a udev rule. (Original source)

1. Find USB device vendor and product IDs
Run pactl list sinks to see the details of all the audio outputs known to PulseAudio. This will produce quite a lot of output, but it should be easy enough to find the specific device(s) we want to blacklist.
Sink #21
    State: RUNNING
    Name: alsa_output.usb-Generic_USB_Audio_200901010001-00.HiFi__hw_Dock__sink
    Description: USB Audio Headphones
    Driver: module-alsa-card.c
    Sample Specification: s24le 2ch 48000Hz
    Channel Map: front-left,front-right
    Owner Module: 37
    Mute: no
    Volume: front-left: 30419 /  46% / -20.00 dB,   front-right: 30419 /  46% / -20.00 dB
            balance 0.00
    Base Volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
    Monitor Source: alsa_output.usb-Generic_USB_Audio_200901010001-00.HiFi__hw_Dock__sink.monitor
    Latency: 21709 usec, configured 18750 usec
    Flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY
    Properties:
        alsa.resolution_bits = "24"
        device.api = "alsa"
        device.class = "sound"
        alsa.class = "generic"
        alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
        alsa.name = "USB Audio"
        alsa.id = "USB Audio"
        alsa.subdevice = "0"
        alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
        alsa.device = "0"
        alsa.card = "1"
        alsa.card_name = "WD19 Dock"
        alsa.long_card_name = "Dell-WD15-Dock"
        alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio"
        device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:1.3.4:1.0"
        sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.3/1-1.3.4/1-1.3.4:1.0/sound/card1"
        udev.id = "usb-Generic_USB_Audio_200901010001-00"
        device.bus = "usb"
        device.vendor.id = "0bda"
        device.vendor.name = "Realtek Semiconductor Corp."
        device.product.id = "402e"
        device.product.name = "USB Audio"
        device.serial = "Generic_USB_Audio_200901010001"
        device.string = "hw:Dock"
        device.buffering.buffer_size = "576000"
        device.buffering.fragment_size = "288000"
        device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
        device.profile.name = "HiFi: hw:Dock: sink"
        device.profile.description = "Headphones"
        alsa.mixer_device = "hw:Dock"
        device.description = "USB Audio Headphones"
        module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
        device.icon_name = "audio-card-usb"
    Ports:
        [Out] Headphones: Headphones (priority: 100)
    Active Port: [Out] Headphones
    Formats:
        pcm

We are looking for the lines device.vendor.id = "0bda" and device.product.id = "402e".
2. Create custom udev rule
Create a file /etc/udev/rules.d/89-pulseaudio-usb.rules (with your preferred editor) and insert a line like this, using the vendor and product IDs found before:
ATTRS{idVendor}=="0bda", ATTRS{idProduct}=="402e", ENV{PULSE_IGNORE}="1"

Save the file, then disconnect the dock.
3. Reconnect (restart not needed)
udev should read this new rule and tell PulseAudio to ignore the device the very next time it is connected - a restart shouldn't be necesary (at least I didn't need to on Ubuntu 20.04). The device will no longer show up at all as an output device for PulseAudio, so it won't be chosen automatically as the output device.


"Wi-fi is disabled by hardware switch" with TL-WN722N card on Lenovo T400, Ubuntu 14.04

I suggest that you try blacklisting the internal device to see if it helps:

sudo -i
echo "blacklist iwlwifi"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
modprobe -r iwlwifi
exit
rfkill list all

It may take a reboot.


(How) can I enable automatic switching between Intel and NVIDIA GPU?

Unfortunately as of today automatically switching between the intel and NVIDIA graphics is still not supported on Linux based operating systems. There is some progress to be seen in GNOME 3.22, where it is possible to launch an application with the dedicated graphics adapter, but only when the open source drivers are in use. Maybe this feature will be available for the proprietary drivers in the future. In the meantime, for Ubuntu I recommend to use the default solution nvidia-prime and to remove bumblebee, because this software is not maintained any longer ... the latest version 3.2.1 was released on April, 26th in 2013 -> Bumblebee Version 3.2.1 "Tumbleweed" - Release Notes !

Example of GNOME 3.22 - most probably the version which will ship with Ubuntu GNOME 17.04 :

We will see how this will influence the development of other Ubuntu editions and graphics drivers.


Install Ubuntu on a micro SD card class 10 512GB

Creating a Full install Ubuntu SD card from a Pre-built Image File.
If working in Windows:

Download Image File: https://phillw.net/isos/linux-tools/uefi-n-bios/dd_unb_ubuntu-20.04_15GB_2020-06-26.img.xz (provided by sudodus) MD5SUM's can be found here: https://phillw.net/isos/linux-tools/uefi-n-bios/grub-boot-templates-for-uefi-n-bios.md5.

Download Rufus*: https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v3.11/rufus-3.11.exe

Double click Rufus exe file.

Select SD card as Target drive in Rufus.

Select above Image File in Rufus.

Click Rufus start button.

Wait for flashing to complete... Done.

(Password is "changeme", change it),
The SD card should boot on almost any modern X86-64 computer.
Thanks to sudodus for the image file.
In Windows it may be necessary to install 7Zip before proceeding. Rufus will use it when working with the .xz image: https://www.7-zip.org/a/7z1900-x64.exe
If working in Ubuntu: you can use mkusb, Disks or Etcher to flash the SD card. P7zzip may be needed to extract the image.


Fail2ban not banning for my custom filter

I've figured out the issue myself using the verbose option of the fail2ban-regex command (-v). This shows what ip's and times it has collected. The times were all off by one hour. This is probably an issue in ownCloud, and I'll post here when I have an actual fix.

Fix:

ownCloud uses the non-system, non-php default timezone of Europe/Berlin by default (I'm on Europe/Amsterdam, which is one hour earlier). I found this info on their documentation for config.php. Adding

'logtimezone' => 'Europe/Amsterdam',

Did the trick, so now everyone can get banned again =)


From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_paging#Swappiness it states:

Swappiness is a Linux kernel parameter that controls the relative weight given to swapping out of runtime memory, as opposed to dropping pages from the system page cache, whenever a memory allocation request cannot be met from free memory. Swappiness can be set to values between 0 and 200 (inclusive).[18] A low value causes the kernel to prefer to evict pages from the page cache while a higher value causes the kernel to prefer to swap out "cold" memory pages. The default value is 60; setting it higher can cause high latency if cold pages need to be swapped back in (when interacting with a program that had been idle for example), while setting it lower (even 0) may cause high latency when files that had been evicted from the cache need to be read again, but more responsive programs. Swapping can also slow down HDDs further because it involves a lot of random writes, while SSDs do not have this problem. Certainly the default values work well in most workloads, but desktops and interactive systems for any expected task may want to lower the setting while batch processing and less interactive systems may want to increase it.[19]

Since Ubuntu defaults to a vm.swappiness value of 60, I recommend a lower value, i.e. 10, so that the inactive pages in RAM are less aggressive towards the swap.
Run the following to set a value of 10 (if no value is set in the .conf file yet):
echo "vm.swappiness = 10" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf

If the setting already exists, you can copy and paste the following to change the value to 10:
sudo sed -i "s/$(awk '/vm.swappiness/ {print $0}' /etc/sysctl.conf)/vm.swappiness\ =\ 10/" /etc/sysctl.conf

Then activate the changes:
sudo sysctl -p

You can also try different values to see what may work best for you.
Hope this helps!


Open the /home/$USER/.bashrc file with any editor of your choice, then add the following that line in this manner:

export PATH="/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin:$PATH"

Then either:

Source the file with: source ~/.bashrc, OR
Restart the system but step one is better

Check if it's there with this command:

echo $PATH | grep -i /tools/arm-bcm2708/

If it's there you will see it in the output, if not your syntax may be off.


How to fix no internet when using a USB network adapter

HERE is the software you need. Second to last in the 1st menu. Download and install...
If it comes as a .deb file you will need to use dpkg -i xxxxx.deb  Replace xxxxx with file name. run command from inside same directory as the file...


Does Ubuntu turn off Wireless device when on standby mode

Suspend/Hibernate/Resume all are handled by the scripts in the pm-utils package (dpkg -L pm-utils). Begin with /usr/share/doc/pm-utils/README.


It looks like Sebek project is not developed for more than 7 years.

I am afraid that there is no way to install it to modern versions of Ubuntu.


I deleted the Ubuntu partition from Windows 7, now I can't access Windows

I'm not 100% sure of this, but you could try those steps:

Install Ubuntu again in the same partition you installed the deleted one.
Install Boot-Repair in the installed Ubuntu

Open the Terminal
Run this command to add the ppa that contains Boot-Repair:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
Run this command to install Boot-Repair:

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (boot-repair &)

After that: perform the "Recommended repair" (a topic at the link above)

  Recommended repair

  launch Boot-Repair from either :

  the Dash (the Ubuntu logo at the top-left of the screen)
  or System->Administration->Boot-Repair menu (Ubuntu 10.04 only)
  or by typing 'boot-repair' in a terminal

  Then click the "Recommended repair" button. When repair is finished, note the URL (paste.ubuntu.com/XXXXX) that appeared on a
  paper, then reboot and check if you recovered access to your OSs.
  If the repair did not succeed, indicate the URL to people who help you by email or forum.


installing programs from the bash script

First of all, you can use

sudo apt-get install pkg1 pkg2 ... pkg3

and next, with the option -y, apt-get will not ask for confirmation.


How to Create a network folder between ubuntu and windows

One simple way for LAN file sharing is SMB or Samba (my favorite) you can install this from the apt package manager with sudo apt-get install samba. If you already have samba installed than you can follow the Unix SE below and I've had this work on 20+ different linux machines.
and than for simple access I like to refer to this guide from a Unix SE answer
How to create a Samba Share
Quote:

I recommend to create a dedicated user for that share and specify it
in force user(see docs).
Create a user (shareuser for example) and set the owner of everything
in the share folder to that user:
adduser --system shareuser
chown -R shareuser /path/to/share
Then add force user and permission mask settings in smb.conf:
[myshare]
path = /path/to/share
writeable = yes
browseable = yes
public = yes
create mask = 0644
directory mask = 0755
force user = shareuser
Note that guest ok is a synonym for public.

Than it's as simple as connecting via file explorer in windows to the Linux's local ip address!


How to decrease the file name by 1 in ubuntu

This can be done with a somewhat more complex rename command:

rename -n 's/(\d{2,3}).png/sprintf("%02d", $1-1) . ".png"/e' *.png

Notes:

You need to separate the match and the replacement with a /.
You need to group the part you want to remember using $1 with () (in this case (\d{2,3})).
You should match both 2- and 3-digit numbers, or 100.png will become 1-1.png.
To use an arithmetic or functions in the replacement, it should be evaluated as an expression, that's why there's a e after the closing /.
To combine strings in an evaluated expression, you need to use . (hence . ".png").
To pad strings with zeros (presumably what you want, since your original files had them), use sprintf. %02d will pad with zeros if your number doesn't have at least two digits.

Example:

$ rename -n 's/(\d{2,3}).png/sprintf("%02d", $1-1) .  ".png"/e' *.png | head
02.png -> 01.png
03.png -> 02.png
04.png -> 03.png
05.png -> 04.png
06.png -> 05.png
07.png -> 06.png
08.png -> 07.png
09.png -> 08.png
100.png -> 99.png
101.png -> 100.png

Depending on the version of rename, it might have trouble renaming files if the target already exists. In such cases, a simple workaround is to create a temporary directory and rename/move the files there:

mkdir temp
rename -n 's/(\d{2,3}).png/sprintf("temp\/%02d", $1-1) . ".png"/e' *.png

Note that / after temp needs to be escaped, or it will be taken as the final / of a s// command.


Installed Pantheon on Ubuntu 14.04, can't access it

Well, long story short answer: There is currently no way to install or run Pantheon on Ubuntu (or any other distro, for that matter) in a stable and sane way.
Let's talk about why: Although elementary OS (Freya) is based on Ubuntu (14.04), some core packages are patched or backported (= we imported a newer version of the package). You experienced this problem with the GTK+ library (a very popular toolkit for writing GUI applications).
We do not maintain versions of Pantheon for other distros than elementary OS, because there are simply no ressources (in terms of developers) left to do so. It's a very complicated thing to write applications for different distros (because of the different versions of libraries) - and let's not talk about a whole desktop environment depending on GNOME tools and libs.
Oh and you shouldn't add elementary PPAs (which are our repos currently) because this may/will overwrite libs and stuff. I fear you will only bork your system with doing so!

https://www.reddit.com/r/elementaryos/comments/2y60m5/new_issues_with_elementary_desktop_on_ubuntu1404/


Overwriting the whole disk with zeroes (bad sectors)

The block size does not really matter when using dd, it only affects the speed of the operation. Basically you should use 4M or a multiple of that as block size. Smaller blocks make the process slower, but larger block sizes usually don't really speed it up much more.
Flash drives can't get bad blocks the way HDDs with spinning magnetic platters do. They consist of memory cells that wear out with every erase/overwrite.

Therefore such devices have a controller chip built in that works as wear leveller which tries to equally distribute the writes over all cells to make them last as long as possible. Normally good flash drives and SSDs also contain much more cells than declared as their capacity, so that even after some cells died, the device is still working because the controller still has enough working cells to assign.

If a flash drive/SSD starts to cause I/O errors, it's really at the edge of dying. There's nothing you can fix with overwriting everything with zeroes, the additional erase/write cycle just wears the cells out more. And due to the controller, you can't even be sure that (or rather, you can sure that not) all cells get overwritten once. It may also overwrite the same cell multiple times and others not, and it may use some of the spare cells it has.

In short, don't zero out flash drives or SSDs. It does not help with anything (not even for secure data erasure) and only wears the drive out more. If such a drive starts throwing I/O errors, replace it.
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=4M (with /dev/sdX being a device like /dev/sdb, not a partition like /dev/sdb1) operates directly on the raw disk, not respecting any partitioning. Zeroing a drive out with this command effectively wipes out the boot sector, partition table and all partitions equally. That said, it does not matter what you do before zeroing out the drive. You can partition it, format it, fill it with random data or whatever you like - in the end it will all be nuked. So just leave it and zero it out directly.


Gnome Fallback/Classic - Just a bottom panel

You can just delete the top panel by Secret key combination with the panels in Oneiric is Alt+Super+Right-Click

And than you can edit the bottom panel to add icons and other things using the same key combination

The Super key is also known as the Win or Windows key.

If you are using Precise (12.04) then for me the same key combination is required.

However, the simpler Alt+Right-Click is also useful:

Setting up the Bottom Panel as in your image

Add to the panel using Alt+Right-Click bottom-panel
Select Gnome menu bar from the window that appears.
Alt+Right-Click and than Click Move and drag the menu to the extreme left
Alt+Right-Click the upper panel and drag all the things like wifi icon battery icon message cloud etc to the bottom-panel
Now lock the panel


Open Disks
Choose the partition you want to mount
Click on the "play" icon. Maybe you are going to be requested to type the root password. You can also change the «Mount options»


how to install ubuntu from a flash drive?

Try Yumi. This (free for personal use) utility allows you to place multiple installations on a single thumb drive. With it, you can create a thumb drive which lets you choose between a mix of several windows versions and linux versions for installation.

Simply start the software, download and select an appropriate version of Ubuntu (or any other O/S for that matter) and select the hard drive you wish to install it on. You can even add new/other O/S's to the same thumb drive later.


Accidentally killed Unity; got it back, but now there's no window manager

Reading further down the askubuntu page referred to by DaboRoss above, I found the answer titled "For Ubuntu 12.10 (Revised, again)" which said to run the command

dconf reset -f /org/compiz/

That worked, or at least nothing bad happened, but when I followed it with the next command

compiz --replace & disown

...Unity crashed hard, again.  But this time, when I rebooted, everything was finally back to normal.

Man.  Henceforce I will exercise much more caution when executing potentially perilous actions, like changing settings in CompizConfig Settings Manager.


That particular first machine will get MAAS and it does not need two disks.


Instruction from this (2009) thread solved the issue for me: https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=353304#c21

Solution:
Run in Ubuntu terminal: xmodmap -e 'keycode 23 = Tab'

EDIT: to make the fix permanent (for 18.04) run sudo vim /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc and change the line

  key  <TAB> {  [ Tab,  ISO_Left_Tab    ]   };

to

  key  <TAB> {  [ Tab                   ]   };

After that reboot.


vga error after automatic update in 16.04

I found this url: https://01.org/linuxgraphics It contains a automatic tool to install and keep update the Intel vga drivers in Ubuntu 16.10. It does not work for previous versions of Ubuntu.


replace newline with tab at a specific location

Simple sed command:

sed '$!N;s/\n/\t/' inputfile.txt > outputfile.txt

Which means join every pair of lines with a Tab delimiter.

This command joins two consecutive lines with the N command. They get joined with a \n character between them. The substitute command replaces this newline with a tab, thus joining every pair of lines with a Tab delimiter.

Also that looks like this sed '/$/N;s/\n/\t/' inputfile.txt command.

IF your file contains empty lines you can first delete all that lines by using below sed command:

sed -i '/^$/d' inputfile.txt


How to upgrade to php 7.2 version in xampp

In the end I found no solutions , I had to reinstall xampp with the latest version. I did it like this :

sudo /opt/lampp/uninstall will keep the htdocs(your project), temp(I have no clue) and var(databases) folder intact then download the latest version from here

sudo chmod 777 your downloaded file
sudo ./your donwloaded file

Be aware that all of your virtual host settings etc will be lost, so It would be wise to have a back up of all of the settings and configurations.


Like I said, I'm new at this.  Turns out I was doing everything right, I just needed to restart Apache.


Error when using Resynthesizer plugin in Gimp 2.8.10

Simply put, this is v1.0, while v2.0 is already available (not as a build though).

You can fetch source code from https://github.com/bootchk/resynthesizer and build it.


Unfortunately, and AFAIK, there is no really good documentation on how to configure XKB. But doesn't the answer you linked to apply to your specific question?

You can view the available options for tweaking XKB by running this command:

man xkeyboard-config

from terminal and scroll down. That's what I did before answering the other question. :)


Ubuntu 14.10, Mint 17 disappeared from boot after installing CentOS 6 and vice versa

Follow that instruction step by step
Instruction
 Instead XY enter the letter and number for ubuntu partition

is you boot ubuntu use grub-customizer to find all OS.


avoid DNSMASQ making changes in resolv.conf

Problem is because Network Manager uses dynamically your /etc/resolv.conf with dnsmasq

Solution for you to change way how to resolve names. Try following

In /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf comment out the dns=dnsmasq

sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

 [main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile,ofono
#dns=dnsmasq

no-auto-default=00:22:64:4E:6F:70,

[ifupdown]
managed=fals

and restart the NM service

sudo restart network-manager

With this /etc/resolv.conf is no longer dependant on resolvconf package and is updated based on the DNS entries of each connection in the Network Manager

Also you can add nameserver in /etc/resolv.conf. If you not set dns in NM per connection this will be used

sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 8.8.4.4
nameserver 8.8.8.8

Edit One

Stop the service resolvconf

sudo service resolvconf stop

disable it

update-rc.d resolvconf disable

disable resolvconf to overwrite resolv.conf

create /etc/init/resolvconf.override with single line manual

echo 'manual' | sudo tee /etc/init/resolvconf.override

remove symbolic link /etc/resolv.conf

rm /etc/resolv.conf

create resolv.conf with static dns entry

echo "namserver x.x.x.x." > /etc/resolv.conf


How do I stop Ubuntu from showng all the program properties?

I'm assuming with "my file manager" you mean Nautilus? If so, and you're using Nautilus' list view, you can configure which columns you want to be shown. The menu item "Display columns" (or similarily named, I'm translating from German here) should give you a dialog where you can select the colums you want to see.


Graphics problem with Lubuntu 13.10 on AMILO Pro v2020

I checked this thread Mitch mentioned, and followed the instructions in the answer. I succesfully installed the Intel drivers, but Flash worked correctly only for one time in a Youtube video, then the weird behavior started again.

I thought about re-installing the Intel driver, and deleted xserver-xorg-video-intel package, thinking it's the correct package, and rebooted. Apparently it wasn't the one installed by the Intel installer, but removing the X.Org X server-drivers fixed my problem, and Flash behaves correctly now!


what will happen if I format the drive with ubuntu while in windows?

You said you are using dual boot. Which bootloader are you using? If you have installed ubuntu after windows installation, most probably 'grub' will be the boot loader, making it unable to boot windows if you format the ubuntu partition from windows.

Application like BCD can help you. Please see the following link. It might help you.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=heO1n73Ua4Q


How to make borders thicker in Libreoffice?

It's actually the "Width" option there.

I would call it "Height" because it's the height of the line but I guess anyone could philosophize on this a bit...


The command dpkg -S suggests it's from coreutils

anwar@anwarpc:~$ dpkg -S $(which tail)
coreutils: /usr/bin/tail

Also check dpkg -L

anwar@anwarpc:~$ dpkg -L coreutils | grep tail
/usr/bin/tail
/usr/share/man/man1/tail.1.gz

coreutils comes pre-installed, so it was already there. As the name suggests, those are core to any linux systems.


NetBeans worked in Ubuntu at one time, but the current NetBeans apt package is buggy and totally unusable in Ubuntu. The NetBeans IDE shows a gray progress bar that indicates that it seems to be downloading software, but it never finishes downloading all the software and it never works no matter how much software that it downloaded.
I recommend using BlueJ, a simpler Java IDE that works out of the box with no configuration required. To install BlueJ open the terminal and type:
sudo snap install bluej

Launch BlueJ IDE, and start a new project named testing1.

Make a new class named Testing1.

Copy/paste your Java code into Testing1. The Java code in your question works fine, so you can copy/paste everything into Testing1 except don't paste the first line that says package testing1; because you don't need it in BlueJ.

Right-click the Testing1 program icon and select Compile. Testing1 will compile and the Testing1 program icon will change from shaded to unshaded to show that it has been compiled successfully.

Right-click the Testing1 program icon and select void main(String[]args) as shown in the below screenshot. Note that in the screenshot the Testing1 icon is unshaded which means that it has been compiled.

Click the OK button in the lower right corner. A new BlueJ Terminal Window will open up which contains the results of running your Java program.

If this is too complicated for you, Java 11 contains a feature named JShell. Java Shell tool (JShell) is an interactive tool for learning the Java programming language and prototyping Java code. JShell is a Read-Evaluate-Print Loop (REPL), which evaluates declarations, statements, and expressions as they are entered and immediately shows the results. JShell can also run blocks of Java code. The JShell interpreter is run from the terminal by executing the jshell command, and it shows you a jshell>  prompt when it is running.
By default you get a set of common imports in JDK 11:
jshell> /imports
|    import java.io.*
|    import java.math.*
|    import java.net.*
|    import java.nio.file.*
|    import java.util.*
|    import java.util.concurrent.*
|    import java.util.function.*
|    import java.util.prefs.*
|    import java.util.regex.*
|    import java.util.stream.*

You can add your own any time.


Synaptic founds version from repositories of newer distro

After searching on how to see which source provides which packages and versions, i ended up with apt-cache policy [offendingpackage].

Somehow a repository i was using for theming, provided core ubuntu packages but updated versions for this particular distribution (bionic). All i had to do was purge this repository along with the packages it provided and fall back to packages provided by ubuntu official repositories.

This was easily done with the package y-ppa-manager: site here.

Purging the offending repositories and falling back to packages in official repository, fixed all the dependencies and wine could install (painlessly).


Error whilst executing Netgen 5.3.1 on ubuntu 16.04

It seems to be a known bug 1556445.

If you use version 4.9.13 from official repository (installed with sudo apt-get install netgen) you can "patch" it by running the following command manually:

sudo sed -i "s/\-indirect\ true\ \}/\-indirect\ false\ \}/g" \
/usr/share/netgen/drawing.tcl

This method came from Netgen SourceForge Maillist:

  Joachim Schoeberl - 2016-02-04

  edit file ng/drawing.tcl line 14:

  if {[catch {togl .ndraw -width 400 -height 300 -rgba true -double true -depth true -privatecmap false -stereo false -indirect true }] } { ....

  change "-indirect true" to "-indirect false"

  Joachim

May work with manually compiled version too (need changes in filepath - /opt/netgen/bin/drawing.tcl).


How install an application with apt-get and restrict it to a specific repo source?

You can do that by pinning the release using /etc/apt/preferences. The man page is apt_preferences.  Format is as follows:

 Package: *
 Pin: release o=Debian,a=testing
 Pin-Priority: 900


Dual boot with Windows 7 (3 partitions) on an Acer Aspire One

Your plan of action looks OK to me.

I have never used the Windows recovery partition, so I can't say how it will work, in particular if it will delete the logical partitions and all it's contents.

Grub should be installed on sda (not sda1 or any of the other partitions) by default. This will overwrite the MBR and that is normal as grub will takeover the function of MBR and give you the choice to boot Ubuntu, Windows 7 normal use, or Windows 7 Recovery.


a user installed network manager, and it messed up netplan

fixed it by downloading a live cd, booted that mounted the ubuntu install with lvm, used chroot to enter the old install, and from there reinstall netplan.
booted the system, applyed the old config.


Whereare the shortcut settings for audio/video actions stored?

The multimedia keybindings are stored in $HOME/.gconf/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/keybindings/%gconf.xml. But note that this directory only exists if you changed any of the values -- keys with their default value (e.g. play = XF86Audioplay) are not stored. Default values for the multimedia keys are stored in a so called schema file (for details see the gconf documentation):

/usr/share/gconf/schemas/apps_gnome_settings_daemon_keybindings.schemas

That said: If all you want to do is get the actions associated with a certain keybinding, you should never have to use the files directly. Instead, query the gconf database with a command like this:

gconftool-2 --get /apps/gnome_settings_daemon/keybindings/play

To get the default value (and other details about the key), you have to query the schema:

gconftool-2 --get /schemas/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/keybindings/play


Try this.

  sudo apt-get install ubuntu-minimal

Assuming all goes well, we can now update without issue

  sudo apt-get update

  sudo apt-get upgrade


After upgrade to 16.04, shared libraries give segmentation fault

Solved the problem, turns out, the shared library wasn't compiled right. I recompiled the source using dmd -fPIC %FNAMES%.


Dual-boot computer boots straight to Ubuntu after putting this command in cmd

Open a terminal and type the command below:
sudo nano -B /etc/default/grub
Change GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE and GRUB_TIMEOUT lines to:
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE="menu"
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
Save using CTRL+O and exit CTRL+X
Then update grub using the command below:
sudo update-grub


sudo apt-get purge firefox not working in batch file

You have a typo in your script, it should be purge and not pruge. And up to that you not need sudo inside your script if you call your script with sudo script.sh. So your script should be:

#!/bin/sh
apt-get purge firefox
apt-get install firefox

You want to put the -y flag on the install to make it automatically install even if there are multiple packages to install. So change:

apt-get install firefox

into:

apt-get install -y firefox

If you however want the output to be silent you can use the -qq option (which implies -y), in that case you as well need to give the purge the -y or -qq option too but then both commands will run silently. Example of a completely silent script:

#!/bin/sh
apt-get purge -qq firefox &&
apt-get install -qq firefox

You surely wonder why I have put those && into the script: this causes the second command only to run if the first was successful.

However normally it is not needed to purge Firefox, for installing a new version. A simply sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install --reinstall firefox should suffice for that, since the profile and settings are not getting purged anyways.


You won´t be invisible, you will hide under a different IP address that is not yours.

For example, I live in Spain, I can connect a VPN in the US to adquire the IP address and watch Netflix that is not available in my country because I adquire a US IP address and it recognises I´m in the US and not in Spain.

You need to install openVPN:

sudo apt-get install openvpn bridge-utils

You will then need to find a cheap VPN provider. Just google for it there are many.


GPS location not working on BQ Ubuntu phone with Map applications

Please note that standalone GPS positioning is quite slow in acquiring
  a fix. That is, without any additional help, the time from requesting
  a position until the first actual fix is delivered may very well take
  ~20 minutes depending on satellite visibility.

  That being said, we have enabled multiple ways of speeding up location
  fixes. All of them require a non-roaming data connection, e.g., a WiFi
  connection or a mobile data connection.

message from user83107

please refer to GPS unvailable on aquaris E45


Black screen appears only because of  Ctrl+Alt+F12 and  not because of build-essential package.

How can you completely remove a package?


According to wine hq you should be able to run gta sa pretty fine

https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=3780

I suggest to install game with help of "play on linux", it will set up all required settings for your game.


How can I access my Ubuntu boot disk files as external USB disk on Centos 6.3?

It is much more a CentOS problem - to access a partition that is part of a LVM setup the receiving system must have LVM installed (about which I can't tell you anything).

From here the steps are the same on every system:

You can see what is there with sudo pvdisplay (to see physical volumes), sudo vgdisplay (for volume groups) and sudo lvdisplay for logical volumes -- all three for checking only.

You then must activate all LVs with sudo vgchange -a and will now be able to mount any LV you want.


After the latest updates on or about Nov 4th Ubuntu 16.04 Unity doesn't accept my password

I had the same problem yesterday.
X (lightdm) has started with displaying the Nvidia splash screen. So the nvidia-driver had worked in general.
The logon screen appears. But then after logon on X, the screen was black and then the X (lightdm) has started again with displaying the Nvidia splash screen and the logon screen.

For me it was the nvidia-driver. The latest upgrade had installed nvidia-current which was nvidia-304 which had failed restart lightdm while X-logon.

But simply installing nvidia-367 or nvidia-370 as suggested often, is not the real solution with all Nvidia GPUs.

We first must detect what GPU is really in use. So follow the instructions on How to install the latest Nvidia drivers on Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial Xerus.

For me it was:

axel@arichter:~$ lspci -vnn | grep VGA
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation G92M [GeForce GTX 260M] [10de:0618] (rev a2) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])

So a GeForce GTX 260M is in use and so NVDIA driver search page told me that for GeForce 200M Series (Notebooks) driver Version:  340.98 must be used.

So sudo apt-get purge nvidia-* and then  sudo apt-get install nvidia-340 solved the problem for me.


Retrieve data from a FreeSpace volume [previously ext4 volume]

There's a good chance you only deleted the partition but the file system and data are still there. The Ubuntu community help has a section on restoring it. Please consult it and add additional diagnosis info to your question, if you're stuck.

In future it's a good idea to backup partition tables before editing them:

sudo sfdisk -d /dev/sda > /path/to/backup/sda.sfdisk


You must add your user the vboxusers group by doing:

sudo usermod -G vboxusers -a <username>

Or by edditing the /etc/group file with nano, or vim, and adding your user name in front of vboxusers:

Remember, you must do this in the host, not in the guest. Then logout and login again, or reboot your computer.

Aditya suggest: The extension pack could be required,

see the comments for details.


You can resolve this by:

(a.) Plugging in a USB WiFi adapter to your Dell laptop, or using its inbuilt WiFi capability, OR

(b.) Finding the correct USB mode-switch settings, so that it (your USB device) switches back to being a modem (and not just a storage device).

Some Background:

Back in Windows-land, someone had the 'bright' idea that, as all devices need a 'new' driver, any newly plugged-in device should first 'pretend' to be a USB storage device - and attempt to auto-load the driver (stored for that purpose on the device). Then, when the driver starts up it knows to send a command to switch the USB device back into being 'whatever'.

However, Linux (and in particular Ubuntu) does not need lots of new drivers. More importantly, having a device attempt to auto-load a driver (or any executable code) is plain dangerous - and may also breach security policy and/or be prevented by anti-virus software (or similar protective measures).

Instead Ubuntu (and other Linux variants) provides the 'USB mode switch' function, complete with a large (and growing) list of brands / devices, and the data needed to control them. Unless you are using an unusual (or new) device, a simple update will usually resolve these sorts of issues.


Was I supposed to have something in this partition?

That was likely either a Manufacturer's Recovery Partition (unlikely since you installed Linux over it and because it is in an extended partition)

More likely it was being used as swap space, as that is traditionally stored as the last partition on a disk, and is often in an extended partition.

To turn it back into swap, first right click on the unallocated space and select "New" then change the "File System:" box to "linux-swap". Leave everything else alone. Apply the change, the right click it and select 'swapon'

Edit: The 'swapon' is only until you shutdown, to make it permanent you need to edit /etc/fstab to include the uuid (long character string) from the output of ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid | grep /dev/sda5. You can do this with nano /etc/fstab (works just like a regular editor, press CTRL+X to save and quit.


Where have my Panel Applets gone in Natty?

Well this has been an adventure. I had seen this MintForum thread before but ignored it mainly because it was talking about bonobo (which is frankly a silly word) but also because the applet in discussion was the MintMenu.

I decided to go back there today and actually read it. plumm's post has given me a few clues and has actually got a few things working (after some modification). Here's what I'm doing. Until I've got everything back this post is a work in progress.

First you have to locate your bonobo-activation-config file:

# locate bonobo-activation-config
/etc/bonobo-activation/bonobo-activation-config.xml

Then we find where all the applets' bonobo-server-item-configuration files are:

# locate bonobo/server | grep GNOME
/usr/lib/bonobo/servers/GNOME_BrightnessApplet.server
/usr/lib/bonobo/servers/GNOME_DictionaryApplet.server
/usr/lib/bonobo/servers/GNOME_GtikApplet.server
/usr/lib/bonobo/servers/GNOME_InhibitApplet.server
/usr/lib/bonobo/servers/GNOME_Magnifier.server
/usr/lib/bonobo/servers/GNOME_Moniker_std.server
/usr/lib/bonobo/servers/GNOME_SeahorseApplet.server
/usr/lib/bonobo/servers/GNOME_TSClientApplet.server
/usr/local/lib/bonobo/servers/GNOME_ClockApplet_Factory.server
/usr/local/lib/bonobo/servers/GNOME_FishApplet_Factory.server
/usr/local/lib/bonobo/servers/GNOME_NotificationAreaApplet.server
/usr/local/lib/bonobo/servers/GNOME_Wncklet_Factory.server

Then we put the two together, creating new xml <items> in the bonobo-activation-config.xml. We only need the common path so there are only two things to carry. Here's my finished file:

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<oafconfig>

<searchpath>
    <item>/usr/lib/bonobo/servers</item>
    <item>/usr/local/lib/bonobo/servers</item>
</searchpath>

</oafconfig>

After a restart everything but GNOME_ClockApplet has loaded back up.

More on this when I've fixed it.


Hot keys brightness issues with Ubuntu 14.10 in Acer Aspire 5755

I make some tests removing the grub flags. It doesn't work, but when I reintroduce the flags

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet acpi_backlight=vendor splash"

and run sudo update-grub the hot keys start to work again. Now I can control the screen brightness with key combination.


How to build libHaru and the examples which are included

Install CMake and cd to the build directory and command:

cmake .

If you want to have more control install cmake Gui


How do I "shutdown" juju without losing data?

As mentioned by @hatch, there is currently no command to deal with this.

You can however do it manually.

All of the lxc containers are named after the user and the name of the environment.

So let's say that your user-id is 'tim' (mine is), and the environment is 'testlocal', if you have three machines (other than machine 0 which is actually the host), you can go:

sudo lxc-stop -n tim-testlocal-machine-1
sudo lxc-stop -n tim-testlocal-machine-2
sudo lxc-stop -n tim-testlocal-machine-3

You can then stop the machine agent and db server on the host machine.

sudo stop juju-agent-tim-testlocal
sudo stop juju-db-tim-testlocal

To bring it back up, just reverse the steps:

sudo start juju-db-tim-testlocal
sudo start juju-agent-tim-testlocal

And then bring up the lxc containers

sudo lxc-start -n tim-testlocal-machine-1
sudo lxc-start -n tim-testlocal-machine-2
sudo lxc-start -n tim-testlocal-machine-3

That should be sufficient.


AVC apparmor="DENIED" even after uinstalling Apparmor

The server required a restart after uninstalling AppArmor.


Can't upgrade Logitech unify Firmware using fwupd

I tested all (probably most) of the solutions that are online. And the solution that worked (I'm using Ubuntu 18.04 Live) is the following:

Remove the apt version of fwupd with
 sudo apt remove fwupd

Because the current repository version of Ubuntu 18.04 seems to be

client version: 1.0.9
checkout info:  1.0.9

This is a problem, because this version yields the following error:

cannot handle firmware requirement not-child

Replace it with the snap version of fwupd which also (maybe) installs snap, too.
 sudo snap install fwupd --classic

The current snap version on the other hand provides a newer version which works without this complication. Its version is (as of July 2019)

client version: 1.2.10
checkout info:  1.2.10

As of June 2020, the following is valid

client version: 1.4.3
daemon version: 1.4.3

With this current version, execute
 fwupdmgr refresh

And finally, execute the update
 fwupdmgr update

Now test the version with
 fwupdmgr get-devices | grep -A30 "Unifying Receiver" | grep -i "version:"

Its output should be (as of 15th May 2021):

Current version:     RQR12.10_B0032


ERROR: whitelist file not found While Compiling Linux Kernel

I am posting the possible answer of the above issue. Though the answer may not be the direct answer.
I took the stable release linux-5.11.6 from kernel.org and is compiled successfully.
linux-5.12 is mainline version, may be is missing some of the files, as the same is not a stable release as on day.

Please advise me to update the answer, if you find anything more relevant for this issue.


The GNOME developers removed it.

Here are the changes made to remove it. If you are a coder you could put it back in your system. Or wait for someone else ;-)
Here is the bugreport asking for it to come back.

  Other things removed ...

Compact View
‘Type Ahead Find’
‘New file’ templates
Application Menu
‘Go’ menu
F3 split screen
‘tree’ view
Bookmark menu items
Backspace shortcut to return to parent folder

  Options

The only method I know to get it back is to uninstall Nautilus 3.6, remove the ppa and install Nautilus 3.4 from the default Ubuntu 12.10 repositories. Or start searching for another file manager. Have a look at: http://www.junauza.com/2012/07/best-alternative-file-managers-for.html

  Addition

Keep an eye out for SolusOS Patched Nautilus. See feature 1 in the list below.

Warning: This is only for those who are using the official Nautilus 3.6 packages from the Ubuntu 13.04 (or 12.10 and 12.04) repositories.

If you want these features back in Ubuntu 13.04, a proper appmenu for Nautilus along with other features / options such as:

customizable toolbar with back / forward buttons on the left: you can add or remove the up, refresh, home, computer and search icons and you can also add the old location / path bar toggle button which was removed from Nautilus starting with version 2.30;
unified toolbar that spreads across the whole window width unlike in the original Nautilus 3.4 (also, only one toolbar is used when using the extra pane (F3) feature);
other minor features like displaying the icons in the pathbar for Documents, Downloads, etc.

Installation:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/experiments
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
nautilus -q

Revert to original Nautilus:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:webupd8team/experiments
nautilus -q


Definitive Guide to Wifi Dropping Consistently

Each wireless adapter has a unique solution. Sometimes groups of adapter have similar ones. Dozens of different adapters.

Also there laptop model specific solutions.

In addition could be configuration problems, etc.

A guide that covers all that is possible, but not very useful. People need to solve their own problem, not to have a 100 page book about how all problems can be solved.


Can someone provide a real, correct and genuine sources.list for Ubuntu 15.04?

Here is my virgin sources.list

Duplicates can also arise when entries are included in sources.list and in the files in the folder /etc/apt/sources.list.d.

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-GNOME 15.04 _Vivid Vervet_ - Alpha amd64 (20150316)]/ vivid main multiverse restricted universe

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-updates main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-updates universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-updates multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu vivid partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu vivid partner

You can remove duplicates with Y PPA Manager:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager

Run Y PPA Manager

Select Advanced

Select Scan and remove duplicate PPAs

When this is complete, then start an update:

sudo apt-get update


Switching from Windows 7 to Ubuntu and need help

No. Best is to download Ubuntu 64-bit, burn it to a cd (or use LinuxLive USB Creator to 'burn'it to a USB) ten boot from it and install from there. The installation will guide you trough it.
64, Your CPU can handle 64-bit.
It has some instructionsets that sometimes improves speed and can handle al lot more ram then 32 bit. (32 bit = 3.5 GB max, 64 bit = 128GB max)
Yes. If your CPU can do it, your pc can do it. 64 bit even has little to do with speed, its just an instructionset.


run

sudo ufw --force enable

or

echo "y" | sudo ufw enable


The following is adapted from UbuntuBackports:

  What are backports?

Backports is feature that offers a way to provide newer versions of software for older Ubuntu releases. generally, there backports or "new versions of standalone applications" can be safely updated without breaking the rest of the system. Although this is the 'common' case, few points should be noted:

Backports do not come with any security support guarantee and Ubuntu Security Team does not update packages in Backports.
There may be some unwanted interactions between backported software and other software installed in your system that are overlooked while backporting.
Backported software may sometimes behave in unfamiliar ways, and may be incompatible with configuration format etc.

  Is it recommended?

For the above reasons, it is recommended to configure the package manager to only install backported packages when they are explicitly requested, which is the default for all Ubuntu releases after and including Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal). That means even though the Ubuntu Backports repository is now enabled by default, to enable users to more easily receive new versions of software, the packages from backports will not be installed by default.

If Backports are configured for manual install (which is the default configuration in 11.04+), you can append /trusty-backports(or your release) to the package you want to install. For example, to install a single package, run:

apt-get install amarok/trusty-backports

Once installed, packages from backports will automatically be upgraded to newer versions.


Help for installing Ubuntu on Acer Chromebook 13

Try crouton tool.

Best description is here : crouton on GitHub

A good tutorial: crouton tutorial on linux.com

(I tried this and it runs perfect. I even tried three linux versions simultaneously (ubuntu(14.04), ubuntu (12.04), debian  ) as different chroots and everything was ok.)