Ubuntu 16.04 Boot-repair error Locked-ESP detected

I suspect this is a hardware problem. From your Boot Repair output:

ERROR: asr: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: ddf1: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: ddf1: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: hpt37x: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: hpt45x: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: isw: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: isw: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: isw: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: jmicron: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: lsi: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: nvidia: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: pdc: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: pdc: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: pdc: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: pdc: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: pdc: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]
ERROR: pdc: reading /dev/sda[Input/output error]

It goes on like this for quite a while. Input/output errors are usually (but not always) indicative of failing hardware. This diagnosis is also consistent with the fact that Boot Repair thinks your /dev/sda doesn't have a valid partition table, but the OS thinks it does have a partition table. (Hypothetically, if the hard disk has become unreliable, the OS might have read the partition table and then Boot Repair might have been unable to do so a short time later. It could also be that the first sector is bad but the OS read the backup GPT data from the end of the disk. If Boot Repair doesn't look there, then this would explain why it thinks the disk has no partition table.)

You may want to run SMART tools on the disk to test my hypothesis. If the SMART results look bad, then the disk is having problems, and it may be time to replace it. (See shortly for a caveat, though.) Note that disks can sometimes fail while SMART seems to think they're OK, so a clean result on SMART doesn't necessarily mean the disk is really OK. On occasion, SMART will complain about read errors, but attempting to write to the affected sectors will cause the disk to remap the sectors, and everything will then work OK for a while. Despite these caveats, running SMART on the disk is worthwhile -- its results are usually helpful.

There can be causes of hardware failure other than a bad disk. A bad cable, or even just one that's not properly plugged in, is one example. On occasion, the disk controller circuitry on a motherboard will fail, in which case you'll need to add a plug-in disk controller card (if this is possible) or replace the motherboard.

If I'm right that this is failing hardware, you should stop using the computer immediately! Buy a replacement hard disk (if that's the failing component) and, once it's physically in your possession, hook it up to the computer along with the failing one. You can then use various recovery tools and procedures to copy the old disk's contents to the new one. Depending on how bad the failing disk is, you might be able to copy data with normal backup tools; or you might need to use something like ddrescue to recover data from failing hard disk sectors.


Custom Daily and Weekly Cron Jobs Not Running

Don't forget that these cron scripts are run as root, which means that for example the home directory refers to root's home directory, and so on.

Since your script asks for a password, you probably need to run it with root privileges so you can't just create the usual .anacron/cron.daily and put your script in there, you have to use /etc/cron.daily so it executes with the right permissions.

I think the easiest solution is to go through your script and check whether it uses user-specific variables like $HOME, in which case you have to replace these with the ones for user 'techguyalabama'.


How to disable udev net rule generation?

Based on JasminJ's answer, I read the manual. Well, I read a very small portion of it. The fifth sentence in the "Rules files" section states:

  This can be used to override a system-supplied rules file with a local file if needed; a symlink in /etc with the same name as a rules file in /lib, pointing to /dev/null, disables the rules file entirely.

I just tested this with a VM and it does indeed work as described. I prefer this to conventional/hacky methods of disabling this functionality.

Here is the command

ln -s /dev/null /etc/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules


Where does the `rename` command come from?

Surprisingly, it comes from the rename package.

pilot6@Pilot6:~$ ls -l /usr/bin/rename
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 окт 17  2013 /usr/bin/rename -> /etc/alternatives/rename
pilot6@Pilot6:~$ ls -l /etc/alternatives/rename
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 апр 29  2016 /etc/alternatives/rename -> /usr/bin/file-rename
pilot6@Pilot6:~$ dpkg -S /usr/bin/file-rename
rename: /usr/bin/file-rename


Installation of Windows 10 & Ubuntu 18.04, Ubuntu 18.04 & Windows 10

You have to recreate your grub.

boot from live-CD
mount your filesystems from your original installation
e. g.

sudo mount /dev/sda<#> /mnt
chroot

sudo chroot /mnt
recreate grub

sudo grub-install --recheck /dev/sda

If you are using LVM you have to mount /dev/mapper/ /mnt

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/226169/chroot-copy-or-mount-bind


Try with sudo ap-hotspot stop. This will stop hotspot. Also you can disable service to start on boot with sudo update-rc.d hostapd disable


keepassx and Skype Client look like Windows 95 after upgrading to 15.04

Install qt4-qtconfig

sudo apt-get install qt4-qtconfig

Start via terminal

qtconfig-qt4

or via your app launcher

Qt 4 Settings

and change the style here


What is the meaning of prompt that appears in Linux?

It appears that you are on Kali Linux which by default logs you in as root.

The prompt ( root@localhost# ) has three different parts:

username : this is before @ symbol. In your case it's root.
hostname : this is after @ symbol. This is the name of your computer (i.e localhost).
$ or # : This gives a visual clue about current user. It is possible to hide the username@hostname part but the $ or # sign will always be there. Prompt shows $ sign if you are logged in as normal user and shows # if logged in as root.

You can't replace root with ankush. A root account is always present in Linux. You have to create a normal user account with username ankush.

Since you are already logged in as root, use these commands to create a user ankush and set a new password.

adduser ankush

passwd ankush


libboost_program_options.so not found even though the package is installed

You need to install libboost-program-options-dev package:

sudo apt-get install libboost-program-options-dev

Once this is installed, you can run the find command to locate it:
On 16.04 i fount it at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_program_options.so.1.58.0


In VLC go to Tools-Preferences -> Video -> Output: and change it from default to x11 video output (XCB).


Cannot upgrade from 18.04 up to 19.04 by nvidia driver nightmare

I suggest you start with the nouveau driver in use, remove the graphics-driver ppa, purge all the nvidia packages, and undo any modifications you made to the system files.  I just ran a clean upgrade 18.04/19.04/19.10 with nouveau, then installed the nvidia driver.  Some things are different -- I don't see any blacklist of nouveau in any modprobe.d file!  Even before install the 19.10 Nvidia driver, I didn't see "nomodeset" in use anywhere.  You may not even need the graphids-driver ppa anymore.  If you do, you can reinstall it after the upgrade.

I don't see anything much in the boot log except the failure to load kernel modules.  That might be the clue to what's causing problems.
The original 18.04 was running nouveau and never had any Nvidia drivers installed. After getting to 19.10, I installed the Nvidia 390 driver (the one recommended for my Quadro 1000M hardware). The two upgrades (18.04/19.04/19.10) went without issue.


Issue with gpg agent in Ubuntu 12.04 after installing gnome3 shell

I resolved the problem by downgrading gnome to 3.2. However, I emailed the package maintainer and he recommends the following:

Please install the "gcr" package which unfortunately isn't pulled in by
default.


Failed to start Raise network interfaces, after upgrading to Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS

it comes from avahi-deamon, since Bionic upgrade:

avahi-daemon-check-dns.sh hang forever

It can be fixed by removing avahi-deamon:

apt-get remove avahi-daemon

or by editing "/usr/lib/avahi/avahi-daemon-check-dns.sh":

in dns_has_local() replace

OUT=`LC_ALL=C host -t soa local. 2>&1

with

OUT=`LC_ALL=C /usr/bin/timeout 5 host -t soa local. 2>&1`

and you get stuck for five seconds only


You should try pinta . It is pretty lightweight and it is quite rich in features.


It seems I found a workaround (at least for now): adding vers=2.0 (or 1.0, but that has other downsides like symlinks not working).

In other words, with the following line file transfers are back at full speed:

//server/share /media/server cifs vers=2.0,credentials=/home/me/.smbcredentials,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777

Not sure why it breaks with version 3. It would be great if someone could help explain :)


I believe oem-config just resets the debconf values for a couple of modules, the interesting one here being d-i passwd, which creates a user account during installation. Since this might be the only account which can login (the root account might be disabled), d-i passwd automatically adds the account to the sudo group, and there isn't an option to override this.

It does look like oem-config provides a late-command key which gets ran at the very end of the process, so I believe you could use that to remove any/all users from the sudo group. I haven't tried this myself (I use preseed/kickseed for all my setup), but assuming it works the same as the preseed late_command, you can add a single (logical) line of shell code to be executed. Something like this ran from the terminal before reboot should do the trick:

echo "set oem-config/late-command sed -i '/^(sudo:x:[0-9]+:).*$/\1/' /etc/group" | debconf-communicate


How to load Greasemonkey scripts directly from a Github gist or repo?

There's two parts to your question.

The first is loading a script for installation directly from a GitHub repository or a GitHub GIST.

Both GitHub repositories and GISTs permit you to get a "Raw" object link which points to the object itself and serves that object up directly, as plain text if possible, in the web browser.  Userscripts are usually picked up properly with these "Raw" URLs.  You can get the raw URL by clicking the "Raw" button on an individual item in the GIST, or when you're viewing a specific object in the GitHub repository.  That "raw link" is then what you can distribute for installation purposes.

The second part is setting the update and download fields within the userscript to point to the same raw link that you got above, in order to let GreaseMonkey / TamperMonkey autoupdate.

There are many scripts that do this.  I'm going to use an example from the Charcoal Team's Userscripts repository, called Flag Dialog Smokey Controls, aka FDSC, which has a good example of such a configuration.

A userscript has a header section, which defines specifics of the user script, such as the name of the script, its version number, contributors, sites that it is enabled for, and other fields.  There are two fields here which are highly relevant to the 'download' and 'update' components that you're after - @updateURL, and @downloadURL.  Set these fields in your // ==UserScript== comment/header section to the raw link that I refer to in the first section.  Then, Greasemonkey/Tampermonkey will interpret the update URLs appropriately, and update accordingly when you increment the 'version' in the userscript header section.

Note that FDSC uses two scripts for this, one for the actual update detection and the other for the actual download location for where to get the updated version:

// @updateURL   https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Charcoal-SE/Userscripts/master/fdsc/fdsc.meta.js
// @downloadURL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Charcoal-SE/Userscripts/master/fdsc/fdsc.user.js

I believe you can use the same link though for these.  (I haven't tested this though)


How do I reset the Python interpreter's terminal width?

This is a bug in Python that has appeared since readline version 6.3 was released. Ubuntu 14.04 has libreadline6 version 6.3-4ubuntu2, so 14.04 and all later Ubuntu releases are affected.

The bug has been fixed in Python, but the fix is not yet in any official release. Refer to the upstream bug report here.

The latest releases as of the time of this writing are 2.7.11 and 3.5.1, so the next releases 2.7.12, 3.5.2, and 3.6.0 should be fixed.


wifi constantly disconnects, and have bad recption when it's on ubuntu 16.10

Can you try the following. This is based on an Ubuntu Guide for getting the module ndiswrapper working on your system which will allow you to use windows drivers for your wifi card. I will summarize the steps here for your specific card.

Go to synaptic package manager, and install package ndisgtk. If you can't access internet from your computer, download the .deb package from here from another computer, copy to your computer, and install manually (amd64 for a 64 bit computer).

Download the windows driver from http://www.mediatek.com/products/broadbandWifi/rt3290 (Download link). Move the downloaded archive into your home folder. Create another folder named "RT3290 Driver" and place the archive in there. Extract inside this new folder. Once extracted, you should have a folder named "Disk1".

Turn wifi off. Remove all the wireless connections you have added before through network manager. That is, delete them.

I will assume you have gedit installed, or that you know how to open the text editor you do have installed from the terminal. In which case replace gedit with the command to open your editor. Run

sudo cp /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf ~/blacklist_backup.conf
sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

This will open up that file in gedit. Go to the end of the file and add these two lines:

#Custom Blacklist
blacklist rt2800pci

Save, close, close terminal. Reboot.

Open ndisgtk, look under System > Administration > Windows Wireless Drivers. Alternatively, run gksudo ndisgtk & from a terminal.

Once open, click "Install New Driver". A dialog box will pop-up asking you to select the driver file. Navigate to the windows driver folder you extracted earlier. I'm going to assume you have a 64 bit Ubuntu installation (to check, in a terminal run uname -m. x86_64 = 64 bit, x86 = 32 bit).  In your home folder > RT3290 Driver > Disk1 > drivers > Win8 > x64 > netr28x.inf

To check if everything went right, I'm going to refer you to section 3.6.2.1 of the Ubuntu Docs.

Enable your wifi if disabled, open a terminal and run

sudo depmod -a
sudo modprobe ndiswrapper

Your wifi should now be active. If it's not, reboot your computer and see if helps. If that doesn't help, remove the driver you installed using ndisgtk again and install the win7 driver and reboot and see if that helps. As a final resort, there's another driver you could try.

Then, add your wifi connection just like you did the first time.

Post back with any questions, errors, or worries you may have.

If successful, make the changes permanent by running the following on a terminal

sudo gedit /etc/modules

And adding the line ndiswrapper at the end. Save, close, close terminal.

Here's a smiley face:


Mouse and Keyboard slow and unreactive in ubuntu 15.10

recently I had an experience in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS on a Lenovo Miix700 Tablet and the swapiness. Maybe helps.
I haven't a Swap-Partition so I reduced the swapiness factor to 0 that did the effect:

sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=0

Then write the swapiness in sysctl.conf:

sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf

adding that line at the end of the file:

vm.swappiness=0


Install Ubuntu on my laptop that has Windows 10

If you want to replace Windows 10 with Ubuntu you're going to have to make a back up of all documents you want to keep. After installing Ubuntu you can then copy the documents to your Ubuntu install.

The reason why the USB pen isn't bootable might be because the Ubuntu ISO hasn't been burned correctly onto the USB pen. A search for "windows burn iso" should give you plenty of information about how to burn an ISO.


While you can install it manually (setup.py), I recommend using the Python package manager as it is easier to install, maintain and upgrade.

Install Pip, the Python package manager.

sudo apt-get install python-pip

Optionally, but recommended, upgrade pip, using itself:

sudo pip install -U pip

Install the latest stable version of Django:

sudo pip install Django

This installs 1.6.2 at the time of writing(check here the latest pypi version).

To install a specific version, add a requirement specifier like this:

sudo pip install Django==1.6.2

Note that APT, the Debian/Ubuntu package management will still report the older version installed and it is still installed as well. APT installs in dist-packages paths while Pip installs in the site-packages paths. The latter takes precedence, so that's locally installed packages will be chosen. See also: What's the difference between dist-packages and site-packages?


Wireless Connection Lost After a Few Minutes

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2244010

Turns out WMM was turned off in the router. I know that was one of the settings I disabled, not thinking I'd ever need it. Apparently, 'nix platforms actually require it to be set, while Windows 7 and Android 4.4.4 do not. According to the link, neither does Apple OS X.

This was an annoying situation to go through, since the other devices that I have access to for debugging all worked and thus made me think it was the Ubuntu platform, when instead it was me messing around with my router. Such an unforgiving platform sometimes.

I like it.


Can't disable bluetooth on startup in 16.04 MATE

We can still use a udev rule to disable bluetooth.  Start by

sudo -H pluma /etc/udev/rules.d/81-bluetooth-hci.rules

Enter the following as one line

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="8087", ATTRS{idProduct}=="07dc", ATTR{authorized}="0"

Save, exit editor, and reboot.


This is something we want to do, but have not yet managed to squeeze into our schedule.
The next 5 months have been decided, but we'll try and squeeze it in after the 11.04 release.


How to backup and restore sources when upgrading to a newer version?

You dont export or import sources, at least I don't understand what you mean.

Just create a copy of /etc/apt/sources.lst and then edit the original file, replacing all occurrences of saucy with trusty. Then do apt-get update and you have the new package list. If you fancy it, you can then do a apt-get dist-upgrade.


GRUB_DEFAUTL wrong value prevent ubuntu to start

Since you cannot enter Advanced Options menu during boot and then into recovery mode, you will have to recover your system through live USB or cd. Load it, enter tty1 by pressing  CtrlAltF2  or open terminal in the live-session (Try Ubuntu option).

Next mount your Ubuntu partition with

sudo mount /dev/sdax /mnt, where x is the number of your Ubuntu partition, (use lsblk command to identify it by size, most likely it is 3 or 5).

Next, sudo chroot /mnt. At this point you should be able to navigate to /etc/default/grub and edit it back to normal.

Refer to this guide for more info:https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCdRecovery


How to reduce size of massive title bar margin/padding in GNOME

Create or modify ~/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css

.header-bar.default-decoration {
     padding-top: 3px;
     padding-bottom: 3px;
     border: none;
     background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom,
                    shade(@theme_bg_color, 1.05),
                    shade(@theme_bg_color, 0.99));
     box-shadow: inset 0 1px shade(@theme_bg_color, 1.4);
}

.header-bar.default-decoration .button.titlebutton {
     padding-top: 2px;
     padding-bottom: 2px;
}

Then restart GNOME shell by Alt+F2 and r as command.

Source: http://jadelinux.com/fedoratips/titlebarheight.html


Run simple X11 app in docker container on Ubuntu 20.04

The problem is most likely that you installed docker with snap. According to mviereck the maintainer of x11docker

snap causes several restictions. --hostdisplay does not work because
it is not possible to share unix sockets from host, in this case the X
unix socket in /tmp/.X11-unix

A workaround is to an Xephyr X server with x11docker. Instead of running docker run ... gui-test-ubuntu-2004, use:
x11docker --xephyr gui-test-ubuntu-2004

The second alternative is to remove the snap installation of docker, see this answer, and then reinstall docker with apt-get install:

Remove docker:
 sudo snap remove docker

Go to https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/ and choose your Ubuntu version, then browse to pool/stable/ and download the 3 .deb files:

containerd.io_1.2.13-2_amd64.deb

docker-ce_19.03.11_3-0_ubuntu-focal_amd64.deb

docker-ce-cli_19.03.11_3-0_ubuntu-focal_amd64.deb

Install them in the following order:
 sudo apt-get install ./containerd.io_1.2.13-2_amd64.deb
 sudo apt-get install ./docker-ce-cli_19.03.11_3-0_ubuntu-focal_amd64.deb
 sudo apt-get install ./docker-ce_19.03.11_3-0_ubuntu-focal_amd64.deb

Add your user to the docker group to avoid having to type sudo to run docker:
sudo addgroup --system docker
sudo usermod -a -G docker $USER

Restart the computer at this point to activate the new user and group settings

Test the docker installation by running :
docker run hello-world

You should now be able to run the original docker run command:
docker run -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY \
       -h $HOSTNAME -v $HOME/.Xauthority:/home/hakon/.Xauthority gui-test-ubuntu-2004


lsof -i | grep mongo

This will list all open files (lsof) that are listening on "Internet addresses" (-i).  The output of this is piped to grep, which is used to filter by text.  In this case, we're looking for all files open, related to the Internet, that match the word mongo.


Zabbix and Icinga are two of our favorites. For a pros and cons list, check out Five Of The Best Free Network Monitoring Software Tools.


Why was MS-Sql Server uninstalled from my ubuntu 20.04 desktop?

I’ve actually got the same issue twice now, new Ubuntu 20.04 server and found that it’s been uninstalled.. I’ve used a tool called appitude and it shows any package conflicts which could be causing it to autoremove if you tried to update anything..
If you try running that and go to the Database tag you should be able to see any issues there, really is a great tool.
Install the package:
sudo apt install aptitude

Open the Term GUI:
sudo aptitude


must be a problem with your installation! try reinstalling by using the .iso file from the given link. torrent downloads are always best! https://www.ubuntu.com/download/alternative-downloads. Download the desktop file from the link. Hope it helps!


When you install Ubuntu, its Ubiquity installer defaults installation to the first partition. Instead, choose Something Else as shown in the official installation tutorial, and make sure the installation of the OS goes to /dev/mmcblk0p2 instead.


http://sourceforge.net/projects/nokuntu/
Download nokuntu - it's unofficial Nokia PC Suite for Ubuntu

OR

apt-get install obexftp  openobex-apps
lsusb

Second command will show you sth like

Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0421:043a Nokia Mobile Phones

You need only:

VendorID = 0421
ProductID = 043a

Than open next file:

sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/040-permissions.rules

And add this lines:

BUS=="usb", SYSFS{idVendor}=="VendorID", SYSFS{idProduct}=="ProductID", GROUP="plugdev", USER="yourUserNname"

On your desktop create startup button with command:

java -jar /home/YOURUSERNAME/obexftp-frontend-0.6.1-bin/OBEXFTPFrontend.jar

Now run /usr/bin/obexftp and go to Transport and select USB, Value 1

And run startuo button from desktop. You should see disk C: from your phone


Keep minimized windows minimized when restarting an app (Firefox)

Strange but a few days later windows stay minimized after a restart so basically it's now working exaxtly as I wanted without me changing anything.


Swap partitions are enabled either:

on boot if they're listed in /etc/fstab
when you run swapon /dev/<device>
or when you run swapon -a, given that you have some swap devices configured in fstab.

Run:

grep swap /etc/fstab

If there's no output, you don't have a swap partition added to /etc/fstab.

If your swap partition is i.e. /dev/sda1 add

/dev/sda1 none swap sw 0 0

to the end of your /etc/fstab file and run swapon -a.

Verify that your partition is in use as a swap via

cat /proc/swaps


This by default happens automatically when you change your wallpaper.

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

Launch it and click on "Launcher". "Appearance" should be on "Based on wallpaper" but you can also select a custom color.


Start up and shut down issue after software update

Whether you will see the splash screen or not is determined by the parameter GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX in /etc/default/grub. If the word "splash" occurs in the command line, then you will see a splash screen, otherwise you won't. But in neither case does it indicate a problem.


Ubuntu 16.04 command line .inputrc for key binding?

I am using Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. Putting the "mappings for Ctrl-left-arrow and Ctrl-right-arrow for word moving" into my ~/.inputrc worked for me.

It does not work to have those settings in /etc/inputrc file.

My ~/.inputrc file looks like this:

# mappings for Ctrl-left-arrow and Ctrl-right-arrow for word moving
"\e[1;5C": forward-word
"\e[1;5D": backward-word
"\e[5C": forward-word
"\e[5D": backward-word
"\e\e[C": forward-word
"\e\e[D": backward-word

I deleted the above from the /etc/inputrc file, which (in my humble understanding) does not appear to be read by Ubuntu 16.04.


Unable to set 4K resolution on Samsung S32R75 with Ubuntu 20.04

I found the solution, I'm afraid, I was too quick to accuse the operating system.
My graphics card is an Intel HD 2500, and according to this page its maximum resolution seems to be 2560x1600@60 for DisplayPort, 1920x1080@60 for HDMI.
So I need to upgrade my graphics card (or at the very least get a DP cable).
Edited to add: In fact, 4k resolution works through DisplayPort even with that graphics card. It's not the HDMI cable at fault, I suppose, since it's the one that came with the monitor.


Error when trying to update npm on live server?

Solution was to add a swap file to my server because it ran out of memory.


Installing latest Nvidia from Xorg PPA gives black screen

I am pretty sure you might be suffering from the same ordeal I had to experience when I was using the Xorg PPA (I am guessing you are using that PPA as well). If you are, this is the first time this is happening with that PPA, in that, with the latest package builds (For 319, 331 and I could guess any other updated package build) they have merged the Bumblebee and Primus packages into one. So when you install any of the Nvidia-??? packages you are also installing the latest bumblebee and primus ones.

This is good in a sense that now you install 1 packages and it installs the drivers for either Hybrid systems or normal, common, one Nvidia to rule them all computers. The problem here is that the Bumblebee configuration files and blacklisting the Nvidia-??? modules, so you will get a horrible black screen upon rebooting.

If you ONLY have an Nvidia card, PCI-EX one like mentioned on your question and there is no hybrid system on that same computer (just in case) then I would suggest to do the following:

sudo apt-get purge bumblebee primus
sudo rm -fr /etc/modprobe.d/bumblebee.conf
sudo reboot

This will remove the bumblebee packages which you don't need for that system. It will then remove the blacklisting file that is creating all the mess. Lastly it will reboot the computer after which, your system should run just fine. This is all thanks to a finding by Tareeq in this Bug report. If this applies to you please let the Bug in launchpad know by clicking on the "Is this affecting you" message. If not then we can proceed with other ways of solving it.

I will also encourage you to read the Nvidia installation and configuration guide to shed some light on the problem: How do I install the Nvidia drivers? and possible solutions


Will Ubuntu work on my ASUS q406da br5t6 laptop? (2 in 1)

Looks like you might need to do some configuration to get it to work but it should be fine in the end: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touchscreen

Although, there is a thread detailing some issues with touchscreen devices and Ubuntu 18.04: https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2396712

I can't find any examples with your exact model so you might have to just give it a go and see what happens.


From a terminal try

sudo fwupdmgr refresh
sudo fwupdmgr update


Compiling C source file without .c suffix

You can use the -x command line option. From the gcc man pages:

   -x language
       Specify explicitly the language for the following input files
       (rather than letting the compiler choose a default based on the
       file name suffix).  This option applies to all following input
       files until the next -x option.  Possible values for language are:

               c  c-header  cpp-output
               c++  c++-header  c++-cpp-output
               objective-c  objective-c-header  objective-c-cpp-output
               objective-c++ objective-c++-header objective-c++-cpp-output
               assembler  assembler-with-cpp
               ada
               f77  f77-cpp-input f95  f95-cpp-input
               go
               java

For example

$ gcc -Wall -o hello cfile
cfile: file not recognized: File format not recognized
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

but

$ gcc -Wall -o hello -x c cfile
$ ./hello
Hello world!


How do I restore /etc/init.d/nginx after removal?

Looks like somehow a record remains of that file, which counts as a configuration file (apparently), so a simple apt-get remove doesn't get rid of that record; thus, when reinstalling, apt-get tries to be nice and not overwrite a configuration file (which doesn't exist).

To recreate it, first uninstall using purge to remove even configuration files and records:

apt-get purge nginx nginx-common nginx-full

then reinstall:

apt-get install nginx


I figured it out.  The default ubuntu server does not put you in home dir when you log in so a path relative to that won't work in samba config.
I added /home/myusername before the rest f the share path and it worked.  This doesn't really explain why the other folder works with a relative path so any insight would still be enlightening


how do i install ubuntu without using all harddrive space

Try Windows installer for Ubuntu Desktop (Wubi). It is what you are looking for. Keep installation size about 15 to 20GB.


First of all please use Nextcloud because it is fully open source, more secure and has more features.
First step is to install it on Ubuntu. This tutorial should work fine:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-nextcloud-on-ubuntu-16-04
You should setup https with letsencrypt to make sure the data is encrypted.
Then you have to configure your Router to forward port 443 to your ubuntu box. This depends on your router vendor how to do this.
Then you need some kind of dynamic DNS service to make sure that you can reach your server from


Incase anyone else comes across the same problem the /etc/fstab should look like this if you are using nfs not cifs

192.168.0.15:/nfs  /media/ramtops nfs defaults 0   0


How to add a file somewhere in my $PATH list

The PATH is a list of folders which are automatically checked for executables when you run a program name. Here is what we do.

After the comment below there seems to be more of a problem so lets start from scratch.

Open gedit

Paste in

#!/bin/bash
export XDEBUG_CONFIG="idekey=xdebug"
/usr/bin/php "$@"

Save as

php-xdebug.sh

Go to the folder (in the terminal) with the file and run

chmod +x php-xdebug.sh

Then check what your PATH is with:

echo $PATH

You could move the file into one of the folders listed when you ran this command.

Normally a better solution is to edit the PATH (tutorial here)  to search inside the folder where the script already is.

Now try:

php-xdebug.sh


"-sh: 2: logout: not found" - message when trying to logout from the server

your login shell appears to be set to /bin/sh - which doesn't have a logout builtin command (you can use exit instead - which will have the same effect in this context)
see (1)
no, it's just a message from the shell. There is a logger command however - you can learn about it by typing man logger

If you want to use the bash shell's logout command, then you can change your user's login shell using the chsh command ex.

chsh -s /bin/bash


finally i got this done by proceeding with "something else".. followed by boot-repair

i created the following partitions and installed ubuntu on my pc.

1 --> ext4 \     for  about 15gb
2 --> ext4 \boot for  about 200mb
and
3 --> swap area  for  about 4gb(depends on the RAM ,mine is 4gb)

i noticed that windows starts automatically before doing boot-repair,so proceed with boot-repair https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair as soon as you install ubuntu.

if this is not done before you restart your pc then boot the ubuntu image file again and do boot-repair after entering into "try ubuntu before installing"


I was having exactly the same issues and almost bricked my laptop.

I finally found information on this. It turns out Windows 8 & 8.1 have a new mechanism for reaching the EFI to select a boot device. Hover your mouse over the right of the screen and choose the very last option "Settings", in its menu the last text option "Change PC Settings", the last option again "Recovery" and then finally "Advanced Startup" which will allow you to choose to boot from USB...

Sources:

How to access your Advanced Boot Options in Windows 8/8.1
UEFI Firmware Settings - Boot to from inside Windows 8


How do I take a backup of my Master Boot Record (MBR) and Partition Table (PT)?

Hah, that's pretty easy:

create a directory /sysbackup:

mkdir /sysbackup

copy the following script in an editor:

#!/bin/bash
#
# This script saves the well-known (last good) partition table entries to a text file
# and the MBR to a binary file for all live disks on the system.
#
# Copyright (c) Fabby 2017
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
# the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
# Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
# version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
# DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR
# THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
# See the GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You DID NOT receive a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
# this program as the license is bigger then this program.
# Therefore, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ for more details.
#
# This script should be run at the /etc/rc.local or systemd equivalent point in time
#
for szDisk in /dev/?d?;
do
  sfdisk --dump "$szDisk" > /sysbackup/PartBackup-"$(hostname)-${szDisk//\//-}""$(date +"%F-%H%M%S%N")"".txt"
  dd if="$szDisk" of=/sysbackup/MBRBackup-"$(hostname)-${szDisk//\//-}""$(date +"%F-%H%M%S%N")"".bck" bs=512 count=1
done;

save it in /usr/local/bin (E.g. as mbr-pt-bck)
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/mbr-pt-bck
execute it using sudo mbr-pt-bck
Ensure /sysbackup/ is included in your rsync (or comparable) command.

Alternatively,

put the above script in /etc/rc.local or equivalent systemd and auto-execute it at every boot.
include it in your pre-backup script


What happens under the covers to log me in and start up Unity or another Graphical User Interface?

How a desktop user GUI session gets started with Ubuntu 12.04-14.04
Here's the chain of events:
The Ubuntu Linux kernel and upstart
The kernel starts the init process as process number 1. This is upstart for Ubuntu 12.04.
Upstart jobs are in /etc/init/

Man page: man init
Logs: kernel log (dmesg; copied to /var/log/syslog), /var/log/upstart/jobname.log, other logs determined by started jobs.
Source: /etc/init/lightdm.conf

The upstart job executes /usr/sbin/lightdm . We probably can expect this to be converted to a systemd service unit over time.
Lightdm

Man page: man lightdm
, Also: Ubuntu Wiki: LightDM
Logs:
/var/log/syslog
/var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log
/var/log/lightdm/*

## for PAM:
/var/log/auth.log

## for the Xorg X server:
/var/log/Xorg.0.log

Source: man lightdm and /var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log

lightdm get's started fairly late in the init process; For example, the system dbus must to be already started, the filesystem has to be ready, and the graphics display system must be ready.
lightdm creates an xauthority file and then starts X, starting it on VT 7, the virtual terminal you get if you press Alt+Ctrl+F7. When X is started lightdm signals for the Plymouth splash screen program to quit. It's essential that this happens after all of the tty's (1-6) have started.
Since July 2013 Mir support items have been added to lightdm, but those aren't used by default for desktop systems as of 14.04.
X attempts to use the most advanced drivers possible. It's own drivers are loaded from /usr/lib/xorg/modules/ . Note that there exist both kernel drivers and xorg drivers for many devices, with the xorg drivers almost certainly using the kernel ones. dri and glx are important features, in particular, for advanced high performance graphics. Logs are stored for X in /var/log/Xorg.0.log .
There is communications over the system dbus about this "seat" and possible user names are acquired. lightdm uses X to draw the screen. unity-greeter is used to assist in the process.
As you select the various possible userid's that userid's backgound image is used.
lightdm get's the names of potential window-managers/systems from /usr/share/xsessions/*.desktop.
Account information is acquired via the accountsservice accounts-daemon over dbus.
lightdm and the greeter use PAM to authenticate the user. Once authenticated, PAM will start a gnome-keyring-daemon daemon with the
--login option and feed it the user's password so that it can unlock the user's login keyring, if present. See https://live.gnome.org/GnomeKeyring/Pam  and man 8 pam_unix for more information. PAM stores log information in /var/log/auth.log and is controlled by /etc/pam.conf (almost empty) and /etc/pam.d/*.  In particular, see /etc/pam.d/lightdm and /etc/pam.d/lightdm-autologin.
Once the user is authenticated privileges are dropped and a file is written to ~user/.dmrc describing the session. For example:
[Desktop]
Session=ubuntu

or
[Desktop]
Session=awesome

The .desktop files from /usr/share/xsessions/*.desktop now determine the rest of the startup sequence.
For example here's the one for Unity:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Ubuntu
Comment=This session logs you into Ubuntu
Exec=gnome-session --session=ubuntu
TryExec=unity
Icon=
Type=Application
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=gnome-session-3.0

The /usr/sbin/lightdm-session shell script is run with the arguments gnome-session --session=ubuntu
(sic.--'ubuntu', not 'unity')
lightdm-session

Logs: ?
Error Logs: ~/.xsession-errors
Started Process Logs: ~/.cache/upstart/*
Source: /usr/sbin/lightdm-session

/usr/sbin/lightdm-session then takes these steps:
Runs:

/etc/profile, $HOME/.profile

/etc/xprofile $HOME/.xprofile;

loads resources from /etc/X11/Xresources and $HOME/.Xresources, if they exist, loads the keyboard map with setxbmap using the contents of
/etc/X11/Xkbmap and $HOME/.Xkbmap;

if not using XKB uses xmodmap against any existing /etc/X11/Xmodmap and $HOME/.Xmodmap

runs scripts in /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d;

runs the Xsession scripts in /etc/X11/Xsession.d/*, using the options in /etc/X11/Xsession.options.
One of these starts ssh-agent (redundant), another executes $HOME/.xsessionrc. Another starts session-dbus (both ssh-agent and session-dbus as allowed in the above Xsession.options file). This session dbus is useful for communications between processes regarding this single user session.

ssh-agent can hold onto ssh keys for the session if they are ssh-add 'ed some time during the session, but gnome-keyring-daemon does the same thing.
/etc/X11/Xsession.d/50_check_unity_support runs  /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test and if it fails exports LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=1 to the environment so that llvmpipe will be used to software render the desktop.
Starting with Ubunu 13.10:
/etc/X11/Xsession.d/00upstart sets variable UPSTART to 1.
/etc/X11/Xsession.d/99upstart checks that variable and if set substitutes init --user
to the other items set to $STARTUP. Thus user-mode upstart starts those upstart jobs in /usr/share/upstart/sessions. One of those is gnome-session.conf which starts gnome-session.
Unless already done, finally lightdm-session starts a window manager, or for unity, the above starts the gnome-session session manager.
It appears that lightdm-session takes on the traditional role of xsession. Its man page is at http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man5/Xsession.5.html . lightdm considers it to be a session-wrapper.
gnome-session session manager (Unity and Gnome Shells)

Manpage: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man1/gnome-session.1.html
Logs: ?
Source: man page

gnome-session is used for Unity, but not for awesome by default, for example. See the above .desktop files.
gnome-session starts the specified program from /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/ and starts applications from ~/.config/autostart/ and /etc/xdg/autostart.
Here's one example from /etc/xdg/autostart:
$cat /etc/xdg/autostart/nm-applet.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Network
Comment=Manage your network connections
Icon=nm-device-wireless
Exec=nm-applet
Terminal=false
Type=Application
NoDisplay=true
NotShowIn=KDE;
X-GNOME-Bugzilla-Bugzilla=GNOME
X-GNOME-Bugzilla-Component=general
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=nm-applet

Another, /etc/xdg/autostart/gnome-keyring-ssh.desktop, starts gnome-keyring-daemon with the --start option, completing the start of that daemon process and storing important information about it in the environment for potential use by ssh.
From a ps aux list it appears that gnome-session starts window managers with dbus-launch.
Window Managers
Awesome Window Manager

Man page: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man1/awesome.1.html
Logs: ?
Source: man page, config file examination

Here's the awesome.desktop file in /usr/share/xsessions/ used by lightdm-session:
[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=awesome
Comment=Highly configurable framework window manager
TryExec=awesome
Exec=awesome

As you can see, the entry simply causes the awesome window manager to be executed. It reads its own configuration files, including /etc/xdg/awesome/rc.lua from the awesome package. It can be configured with $HOME/.config/awesome/rc.lua.
Unity

Source: config file examination

Here's the ubuntu.desktop file in /usr/share/xsessions/ :
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Ubuntu
Comment=This session logs you into Ubuntu
Exec=gnome-session --session=ubuntu
TryExec=unity
Icon=
Type=Application
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=gnome-session-3.0

This starts the gnome session described in /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/ubuntu.session
Here is that file:
[GNOME Session]
Name=Ubuntu
RequiredComponents=gnome-settings-daemon;
RequiredProviders=windowmanager;panel;
DefaultProvider-windowmanager=compiz
DefaultProvider-panel=compiz
IsRunnableHelper=/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test
FallbackSession=ubuntu-2d
DesktopName=Unity

The IsRunnableHelper program run by gnome-session  in 12.04 determines whether unity can be run or whether ubuntu-2d will run. If it makes a mistake and says unity can run and it cannot, there's trouble. Choose ubuntu-2d manually in lightdm if that happens to you. While it returns a return code, we can see what it is doing by running it with the -p option.
$ /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p
OpenGL vendor string:   X.Org R300 Project
OpenGL renderer string: Gallium 0.4 on ATI RS690
OpenGL version string:  2.1 Mesa 8.0.2

Not software rendered:    yes
Not blacklisted:          yes
GLX fbconfig:             yes
GLX texture from pixmap:  yes
GL npot or rect textures: yes
GL vertex program:        yes
GL fragment program:      yes
GL vertex buffer object:  yes
GL framebuffer object:    yes
GL version is 1.4+:       yes

Unity 3D supported:       yes

For 12.10 and later unsupported hardware uses llvmpipe software to render what the hardware can't. Its configuration file is simpler than the above. See above for how it is enabled.
We can see from the above files that gnome-session must start the settings daemon, and start compiz for purposes of running a window manager and any panels.
compiz

Man page: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man1/compiz.1.html
Logs: ?
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiz, file system examination

Once compiz is started, it runs various plugins. Before 12.10 gnome-settings are used to define these. They can be changed with ccsm (compiz config settings manager) or with gconf-editor. The plugin settings are stored in apps/compiz-1/general/screen0/options under active_plugins. Duplicates have caused me to have segfaults with compiz. These are stored in the user's home directory in the ~/.gconf/ directory organized as above. The actual values are stored in %gconf.xml files there.
Since 12.10 these plugins are stored in binary in your ~/.config/dconf/user file. The dconf, or gsettings method of storing settings is newer. You can see all of these settings with dconf dump /org/gnome/.
Unityshell is one of these plugins. It uses the nux project as an embeded toolkit. Images are drawn on textures in 3 dimensional space with specified transparency values. These are processed by compiz and sent to either llvm or to advanced graphics drivers to have the graphics engines on the system's computer graphic hardware composite and render them. Generally, this is as opposed to rendering images directly to a framebuffer as was done more traditionally. This complicated chain of events is what requires more advanced drivers, and sometimes prompts the use of proprietary graphics drivers in Ubuntu.


What is your CPU and are you using the x64 version of Ubuntu? And is this jerkiness repeated on all Flash video sites?

As a temporary solution, you might want to consider switching YouTube to HTML5 <video> mode using this page, but you will almost certainly need to install Google Chrome for it to work.


I have/had this exact problem...except I wasn't missing all of the additional libraries you are.  I just downloaded the latest gcc compiler, and ran:

sudo sh your_cuda_run_file --override

And then I did a test with a tensor flow GPU tutorial and it ran perfectly.

However, this is my "hpc" desktop, where I don't keep anything important, and have a fresh install of ubuntu...so I can afford to install Cuda on an unsupported operating system (Ubuntu 15.10) and use an unsupported compiler (gcc 5.2.1).

The "correct" configuration is 15.04 (which I think you can still get on a bittorrent) and gcc 4.8 or 4.9.1 or something.

Anyways, nothing stupid can happen--the BIOS protects the hardware...and the software can be salvaged from safe mode. So yeah: override it.


Force ntfs volumes to be treated like any other by default

The default umask for mounting NTFS does not allow execute, so I would add umask=0222 to your mount options

so based on the example in the link you followed:

mount -t ntfs -o fmask=0022,dmask=0000,uid=1000,gid=1000 DRIVE /media/vista

would become:

mount -t ntfs -o fmask=0022,dmask=0000,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=0222 DRIVE /media/vista


How do I partition a drive so that the data is separate from the operating system?

Different people have different views on the number of partitions to have in Linux (or Ubuntu).

If you go with the default, the installation process will create a root partition with mount point / and a Swap partition. However, since you want the data to be separate, you should select "Something Else" option during installation. This is the advanced option where you get to delete everything and make your own partitions.

I recommend you make 3 partitions:

One 30GB / partition format ext4
One 4GB Swap partition format Linux/Swap
Rest of the drive as /home partition format ext4

If your computer came with UFEI rather than a BIOS, you may need keep the partition for UFEI.

The / partition will have the OS as well as all the applications you will download and install in the future. If you are a web developer, or do some server related work, those things will be in the / partition as well. However, I find 30GB is more than enough for normal desktop use.

The swap partition is getting less important with 4GB or more RAM. A small swap partition keeps the system run smoothly. Another reason one needs a swap partition is hibernation. Hibernation is disabled by default, as it does not work in all laptops. You may later experiment with it and want to have it enabled. Having a swap partition will be useful then.

The /home partition will have all the users' data and personal settings. Photos, music, and videos can take up a lot of space. So I recommend giving the rest of your hard drive to /home.

It is possible to do a default installation and then at a later date, shrink the / partition and create a separate /home partition and move all the data there. This gets more difficult as your hard drive gets more full. There is always a chance that something may go wrong while moving data between partitions, and you will lose your data. So it is much safer to create the partitions when there is no data in the new computer.

Hope this helps.


How do I burn a DVD with more than 3.8 GB data?

This may possibly be a user issue or a 12.04 issue. I just burned a 4.02gb DVD last night on 14.04LTS(ISO, one file), and have several times burned 4+gb general file DVDs using Brasero, and have had no data loss or errors as a result. The only problem I have ever had was trying to use Brasero in writing video files (due to other dependencies related to video time stamps). Brasero gags on time stamps really badly.

Then again, terminal command line mkisofs is the best way to handle writing video DVDs, anyhow.

just create a directory called 'junk', with two sub-directories, 'VIDEO_TS' and 'AUDIO_TS', copy your target files into the video_ts folder, then:

mkisofs -dvd-video -o junkimage.iso junk/

this will make you an ISO image of the DVD that you can burn however you want to. If you get errors, check 'askubuntu' for video format errors and PAL vs NTSC format setting, as well as looking up what the significance of the Video Manager Information File has.

FOLLOW-UP:
Ok, I took an old video DVD, placed it on my harddrive (in DVD .VOB/.IFO structure, with .BUP files too), total size was 7.9-gb on-drive.

Then, using mkisofs, I followed the generally accepted practice as follows:

Made DVD folder named 'DVD' (HOME/TEMP/DVD)
Created two sub-directories, VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS (beneath the structure explained in step 1).
Placed all .IFO and .VOB files in VIDEO_TS (if you have audio files too, like .AUP, they go in the audio sub-directory), leaving the .BUP and management files in the /DVD folder itself.
opened TERMINAL, went to the directory given in step 1
type in the command:
mkisofs -dvd-video -o dvdimage.iso dvd/ (you will change the .ISO filename and the dvd/ folder, depending on the name of your dvd. If your dvd was named TROLL, then the command would be:
mkisofs -dvd-video -o TROLLimage.iso TROLL/
Now, I have a 7.4-gb ISO image sitting in 'home/temp' by the name of dvdimage.iso
Open Brasero and select the last button (BURN IMAGE), choose your ISO file, choose your destination (ideally, your DVD drive), and accept. When done, you now have a new burn of a video DVD that will play in a DVD player or DVD drive

My test on a 7.4-gb .ISO onto a DVD+R(DL) dual layer disk (capacity 8.5 gb) was successful, and I did play the movie afterwards (I also wasted almost 2-hours watching the movie, afterwards!)

I did get one initial error when my typing hand decided that I spell 'dvd' as 'dwd', but a quick OPERATOR ERROR check fixed it...Ubuntu performed flawlessly, as did Brasero.

If you get errors, look hard at yourself first, then make sure that you have PAL or NTSC (as may be required in your region) set properly, if required. Also, if you are not placing your appropriate files in the right place during the mkisofs process, you are mostly likely failing at this point. Remember, you must build your directory structure first, to successfully use mkisofs for video dvd processes.


How do I enable extended attributes support on a wubi install?

I had this problem also and I just fixed it.
You need to add the line

/host/ubuntu/disks/root.disk  /      ext3    loop,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr 0 1

to your /etc/fstab.

Then sudo mount -o remount /

Netflix on Ubuntu is AWESOME!


Make lightdm login on the correct monitor?

Turns out this is the answer: Personalize monitor position before login

Really wish that was automated behind the scenes.


Getting weird split screen on startup with msi radeon hd6450?

I'm not sure how your screen is split, but I think there is a keyboard way to get there.

Hit the Super Key (aka Windows Key).  That should open the dash.
Type Additional Drivers and hit Enter.  That should open the Additional Drivers window.

Now this is where I don't know how to go on just with the keyboard.  This is what the Additional Drivers window looks like on my system, but yours will have some differences.

You can see where the buttons are so you might, through a bit of experimentation, find where to click to do what you need.  The "Remove" button on the lower-right was, before the drivers were activated, an "Activate" button; it's possible that it's the only button you'll need to press, but be careful you don't delete the drivers from something else (such as a wireless adapter).  I don't know, but you might also have to choose to download the drivers, although they're probably already there.


As my Dad would say, "[t]here's more than one way to skin a cat". If you're familiar with gparted it should pe pretty straight forward.

Boot up a live version of the OS (presumably the USB or DVD you used to install). This is so that neither of you drives are mounted while you move things around.
You could re-size the partition which shouldn't be necessary since you're moving up in drive capacity.
Copy your partition over. This should use the same UUID for the copied partition. If you're wanting boot from both the old copy of the drive and the new one going forward then we can edit the fstab file. But we can burn that bridge when we come to it
Install grub on the new drive.

After that you should be set. However it would be prudent to save the original copy for a bit; there's always risk when doing this for the first time.


Static Ip config for eth0

# The loopback network interface
auto lo eth0
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.10.33
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    broadcast 192.168.10.255
    network 192.168.10.0
    gateway 192.168.10.254
    dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 # Googles DNS name servers

Note: Make sure that you edit the lines according to your network.


What actually slows down Ubuntu running from USB stick

The bottleneck is specifically the random write speed of the drive.

For read-only workloads, USB sticks are fast.  For continuous writing, USB sticks are fast (enough).  But for random writing, they are very, very slow.

Here's a typical speed test of a USB stick:

Note how in the right column, the write speed of 512KB blocks is poor (less than 2MB/s) but the write speed of 4KB blocks is very poor (less than 0.03MB/s)!  Your system drive needs to be able to do frequent small writes for temporary files, logging, and caching (eg by web browsers) and these activities choke up a USB stick.

This particular drive also has fairly slow random 4K read speed too, but at 0.76 MB/s that is still an order of magnitude faster than 4K writes.

By comparison here's the result from a typical SSD:

An SSD uses wear-levelling and write remapping, sophisticated techniques which both prolong drive life and drastically speed up writes.

For comparison, traditional HDDs are about 1.0 - 1.5MB/s at 4K writes.  SSDs became practical as system drives once they reached that performance level (which they've now surpassed many times over).

There are some rare USB sticks (such as recent models in the Sandisk Extreme range) which use SSD-like techniques to achieve respectable speeds, but these cost a premium and 99.9% of USB sticks in use do not do this. When comparing drive performance it can be useful to Google for CrystalDiskMark benchmarks of the drive.


You can disable the password lock from the screen saver by opening a terminal and running gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver lock-enabled false.


Two of my partitions disappeared. I can t access these partitions from Nautilus

If your partitions are labeled you can try with:

udisks --mount /dev/disk/by-label/<partition-label>

which will mount your partition in /media/<partition-label>. For labeling partitions (which is just naming them), you can use GParted. It is nice to have labels for your partitions anyway. udisks if configured correctly does not prompt you for root privileges.

Another way is issuing:

sudo blkid

to get your partitions UUID, and using

udisks --mount /dev/disk/by-uuid/<partition-uuid>

(This mounts the partition in /media/<partition-label> if the partition has a label.)

Read man udisks to see other features.


I would write a script that set specific firewall rules to achieve your goal, in your case, it sounds like you don't want any traffic going out over an unencrypted interface. I use a script that I mostly stole that might help. (on my system my vpn interface is called tun0 ((tunnel 0)).

sudo ufw reset
sudo ufw default deny incoming
sudo ufw default deny outgoing
sudo ufw allow out on tun0 from any to any
sudo ufw enable

Your interface appears to be ppp0 so substitute accordingly.

This script adjusts the firewall rules so that traffic can only come in or go out over your vpn (tun0, or in your case, ppp0).

If you somehow drop your vpn connection - all traffic stops until you re-authenticate or revert back to your original firewall policies.

Along those lines, you'll need a script that undoes all of this if you decide to access the internet with an unsecured connection. (Like if you need to reconnect to your vpn if it decides to drop your connection)

sudo ufw reset
sudo ufw default deny incoming
sudo ufw default allow outgoing
sudo ufw enable

Once you get back on your vpn, run the first set of rules to make sure that ppp0 or tun0 or whatever your encrypted interface is called is restricted to your encrypted interface.

I should point out that you run that first script AFTER you connect to your vpn. If you run it before, you won't be able to connect to your vpn.

You run the second script after you drop your VPN connection.

I should also point out that I can't swear on the bible that's going to work in a VM. You can confirm for sure by purposely dropping your vpn connection and watching the traffic via a utilty like bmon. Or you could just try to ping yahoo.com or something like that. Trust me, if you run these rules, all traffic stops the moment that the vpn drops.


Can't convert flac files to ogg using Sound Converter

You can use ffmpeg or avconv for this task.

To convert an audio file to ogg format issue the command `ffmpeg -i inputfile outputfile.ogg

as I recall avconv has the same syntax.

You can use this approach to convert virtually any audio or video format to any virtually other. There are switches that you can use to resample the audio at different bitrates and frequencies. For more detail see the ffmpeg documentation or avconv docs. Depending on what you are converting you might need to install restricted formats with apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras


Laptop freezes whenever it isn't plugged in

I had the same problem and I fixed it by doing:

Open Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

Now reboot the system.


How to create desktop shortcut for Firefox or other applications?

use gnome-tweak-tool . find in the settings to show icons on desktop and then :
A desktop shortcut is represented by a corresponding .desktop file which contains meta information of a given app (e.g., name of the app, launch command, location of icon file, etc.). Desktop shortcut files are placed in /usr/share/applications or ~/.local/share/applications. The former directory stores desktop shortcuts that are available for every user, while the latter folder contains shortcuts created for a particular user only.

Edit :

Open Nautilus (file manager) Navigate to /usr/share/applications

2.Right-click on the application you want to use and select copy

3.Click on your desktop and select paste

4.Right click on the icon that has just been      created  and select propertiesOn the Permissions tab

5.check Execute then click Close
(If u copy .desktop file to desktop..after changing permissions rename it by removing.desktop...and there u go !!)

Manually

for adding in Dash
Create a Desktop Shortcut From the Command Line
To manually create a desktop shortcut for a particular program or command, you can create a .desktop file using any text editor, and place it in either /usr/share/applications or ~/.local/share/applications. A typical .desktop file looks like the following.

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Version=1.0                                     # version of an app.
Name[en_US]=yEd                                 # name of an app.
GenericName=GUI Port Scanner                    # longer name of an app.
Exec=java -jar /opt/yed-3.11.1/yed.jar          # command used to launch      an app.
Terminal=false                                  # whether an app requires      to be run in a terminal.
Icon[en_US]=/opt/yed-3.11.1/icons/yicon32.png   # location of icon file.
Type=Application                                # type.
Categories=Application;Network;Security;        # categories in which    this app should be listed.
Comment[en_US]=yEd Graph Editor                 # comment which appears as a tooltip.

Using GUI tool

in GNOME desktop, you can use gnome-desktop-item-edit to configure a desktop shortcut easily.(if not installed ..install it)

gnome-desktop-item-edit ~/.local/share/applications --create-new


Since you choose "Overwrite the Windows 8 OS" I think her files are gone. Since "Overwrite" means "Overwrite". It has installed Ubuntu over her Win8 OS.

If you wanted a "Dual boot" you should choose "Install along side Windows 8" or "Something else"..

Afraid her data is lost...


i3status memory configuration information doesn't match values in gnome-system-monitor

Per man i3status:

As Linux' meminfo doesn’t expose the overall memory in use,  there are
multiple methods to distinguish the actually used memory.
...
Example memory_used_method: classical ("total memory" - "free" -
"buffers" - "cache", matches gnome system monitor)

In other words, in ~/.config/i3status/config, find the memory section and specify the memory_used_method. Mine looks like:
memory {
    memory_used_method = classical
    format = "Mem: %used" // Or whatever you want. Read the man
}

Although I wouldn't be too surprised if they're still not exactly the same, since I think i3status duplicates how gnome system monitor calculates memory, rather than both having a shared source.
You might find it easier to read the online docs rather than the terminal man page. Just remember to make sure the versions match (i3status -v).


Keyboard Shortcut for Changing Desktops in Lubuntu

Ctrl + Alt + Left switches to previous desktop
Ctrl + Alt + Right switches to next desktop

Reference: Lubuntu/Keyboard

In Lubuntu 16.04 LTS the following default shortcuts switch directly to a certain desktop:

Windows + F1 switches directly to desktop 1
Windows + F2 switches directly to desktop 2
and so on if you've added the number of desktops


It appears the package dell-super-key is the culprit.
I presume there is a hotkey combination to disable the super key on Windows and Dell wrote a shim to extend this functionality to the dev edition.

I however, cannot find any key combination that I could've pressed to clear the lock.

EDIT:

Oddly enough this is intended behavior.

mikey@mikey-XPS:~$ apt-cache search dell-super-key
dell-super-key - Disables the super key by default.

I found (dpkg -l) and emailed the package maintainer, Dell is legally required to include this package on their sputnik devices. It is safe to remove, and can be reinstalled from the recovery partition.


I have a strange problem with a Microchip MCP2200 USB to RS232 adaptor under Ububtu 16.04.  Everything looks OK and it receives correctly but for some reason the chip it's supposed to be talking to ignores it.


How do I update the IcedTea Plugin on 12.10?

First, Ubuntu 12.10 is not supported anymore. Update to 13.10 or "downgrade" to 12.04 LTS.
Secondly, the Icedtea plugin can be installed by running the following command in terminal: "sudo apt-get install icedtea-7-plugin"

After that just enter your password and press "Y" for yes to install.


How can I reduce the Ubuntu install size to the minimum, with GUI?

From the Ubuntu wiki sytem requirements page: Xubuntu seems to be as close to your demands when you want a GUI:

GUI.
2 Gb. (5GB+ as of 2019)
has a browser.

Lightweight GUI alternative (Xubuntu)

If you have an old or low-spec computer or want to get the most out of your hardware, using a lightweight desktop system such as Xubuntu is recommended, as it should make more efficient use of your system's resources. Of course, even if you have the newest equipment out, you could still use Xubuntu.

If your system has less than 192MB of system memory, use the Alternate Installation CD.

Note: If you have a low-specification computer, certain features may be automatically turned off to conserve system resources. For example, if you have a graphics card with only a small amount of video memory (VRAM), the boot-up screen may not be shown.

Follow this link for detailed instructions: Installation/LowMemorySystems.

Minimum system requirements for Xubuntu would fall roughly between Ubuntu Server and Desktop:

256MB of system memory (RAM)
2GB of disk space
Graphics card and monitor capable of 800x600 resolution

Regarding processors, a recent thread on the Ubuntu Forums describes a 500 MHz Xubuntu machine as being "too slow" and discusses alternatives: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1267443

Alternatives but not getting closer to your pre-requisites so it would require manual labour from your part:

server install. 1 Gb required but no GUI and no GUI browser.
minimal CD install: 20 Mb required.

You can download the i386 here: Ubuntu 11.04 "Natty Narwhal" Minimal CD (others you can find at the minimal CD install link above.

To install, boot your computer from the the Minimal CD and type "cli" (command line
install) at the prompt. You can then follow the instructions from the text-based
installer. After the base system is installed, log in, and type "sudo tasksel"
to select the system to install.

Instead of tasksel you can do a sudo apt-get install chromium-browser on command line.
apt-get will figure out what needs to be installed and will install the minimal required
software to get chromium running (replace with firefox if you want that or with a lighter
browser to save some more space ;) )

Regarding browsers: a very light one is Ephipany. So

sudo apt-get instal epiphany-browser

instead of chromium-browser might be better.


The last kernel for Maverick is Linux 2.6.35-22-generic.

Are you sure the other one is 2.6.35-25-generic and not 2.6.32-25-generic (the last Lucid kernel)?


Headset jack not working even when using sound > test

My first suggestion is to try to make alsa reload:

  sudo alsa force-reload

Then you'll want to reboot.

If that doesn't work, try reinstalling pulseaudio and alsa:

 sudo apt-get remove --purge pulseaudio alsa-base
 sudo apt-get install pulseaudio alsa-base

Then sudo alsa force-reload again.
Remember to reboot.

If even that doesn't work, go into speech-dispatcher:

 sudo gedit /etc/default/speech-dispatcher

And change RUN=yes to RUN=no. Reboot.
If all else fails, you may have to reinstall Ubuntu and try these commands again (this is what I had to do)


Point apache2 to my own index.html folder?

I think you want to change apache's DocumentRoot configuration.

check where configuration is.
Generally, apache2 configuration file is located in /etc/apache2/ folder.

vi /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

in that file, you can find out the location of "DocumentRoot" config

Include sites-enabled/

that indicates your configuration file is in "/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/".

2.edit DocumentRoot config

vi /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default

In that file, you can find the "DocumentRoot" like below

DocumentRoot /var/www

And, modify that as you want.

3.restart apache.

service apache2 restart


Keyboard not working in OS but does in GRUB

I'm not sure if this is applicable to your system, but when I installed Xubuntu on my custom pc I had a similar issue with my USB peripherals. My problem was because of my motherboard: Gigabyte 970a ud3p. What I had to do was to enable IOMMU on the motherboard bios, install xubuntu and then edit one of the system config files. You can check what I did in this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Sn8-DUajhM

In my case, not a single USB 2.0 port was working and neither was the network card. Again, I don't know if you have the same problem, but maybe the solution is similar. Try enabling IOMMU in your motherboard (if available) and checking if the keyboard works on the live cd.


You will need to run xinput command to determine what's your touchscreen's id is, and then make xinput disable x run on every boot, where x is the id number. Source: https://askubuntu.com/a/581334/295286


How to change the font style of a ListItem?

It is not possible with the current list items to change the font. The solution for now would be to use an Empty list item and to add a Label inside where you change the font. We are working on completely new list items which will be much faster to create, and which will be more flexible including the possibility to change fonts.


Error in resuming ubuntu related to pciehp_resume

I had this problem on 16.04 & what fixed it was removing acpid:

sudo apt remove acpid

I don't really know the consequences of this but now the laptop suspends & that might be more important than many things.

This will remove this package, which controls pressing the power button.
But don't worry, works fine without it.


How can I ensure that LXD containers keep the same ip address after host reboot?

I wouldn't touch the container config, as you said, you want to be able to move them.

How about you use dnsmasq to assign static IP-addresses over DHCP. You don't need to touch the container configs and always have the same addresses in every container.

Place that with the values you need in your dnsmasq.conf for every container

dhcp-host=MAC_ADDRESS,CONTAINER_NAME,IP_ADDRESS,LEASE_TIME

The MAC_ADDRESS or the CONTAINER_NAME is optional here. It only identifies the client and assigns the IP_ADDRESS to that client.


No taskbar and wifi after hard docking station ejection with Kubuntu

A. Repair

It might help to repair the file system. Boot from another drive (for example your Kubuntu install DVD disk or USB pendrive). Unmount the partition(s) and run e2fsck on the root partition (and the home partition too, if you have one).

sudo umount /dev/sdxn
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sdxn

where x is the drive letter and n is the partition number.

Sometimes it is possible to identify bad files and fix them.

B. Reinstall

If the quick-fix repair did not work, it is probably easiest (and takes least time) to

Save all personal files (when booted from another drive).
Maybe save the /home directory
Reinstall Kubuntu (maybe using the saved /home directory in a separate partition)
or Restore the personal files to the reinstalled system


Rename the file to one it does accept. It will probably only check the filename so rename it to one Ubuntu uses. But in case that does not work...
you could use command line. The option to do this is with dd. See: How to create a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from terminal? Mind though to take special care about the device you do this on. If you make a mistake you can kill a disk you wanted to keep ;)


How to resolve dpkg: error (--configure)

I looked into the prey.postinst script, found in /var/lib/dpkg/info, and used set -x to locate the error. There seemed to be something wrong with Line 72 :

DISPLAY=:0.0 su $PREY_USER -c "$PREY_BIN config gui --check-file $TEMP_OLD_CONFIG"

After commenting this line I was able to finish the installation (sudo apt-get install -f).

I also deleted the prey-config-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.log files that were located in my /temp/ folder (if available)

-- EDIT --

So with the_Seppi's help I have changed the line as follows:

env DISPLAY=:0.0 gksu $PREY_USER "$PREY_BIN config gui --check-file $TEMP_OLD_CONFIG"

The installation can then be completed using sudo dpkg --configure -a


how to correctly display Chinese when LANG=en_US.UTF-8?

since current linux font system actually take the language into account, the correct way is to add/modify entries in /etc/fonts/conf.avail/64-language-selector-prefer.conf


How do you permanently add a resolution on a laptop with Ubuntu 14.04 for a secondary monitor connected with a VGA cable?

Here are the steps that I used to keep xrandr commands permanent.  First, make a file in your home folder called .layout.sh.  Next, open it with your favorite text editor.  Put the following line at the top: #!/bin/bash.  Below that, put all of the xrandr commands you want to be run on start.  Next run the following command in terminal:

sudo chmod +x ~/.layout.sh ; echo "DISPLAY=:0 bash ~/.layout.sh" >> .profile ; echo '' >> .profile

You will need to add the .layout.sh file and run the command for all of the users who you want to have the monitor settings.

Basically, this runs the XRandR commands when you login.


Problem solved by the power of google:

Solution outlined here:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1983003

http://www.emmolution.org/?p=253

http://pleph.appspot.com/init/posts/view/2657865

shortshort solution:

sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf

adding

options ath9k nohwcrypt=1

and rebooting.


Ubuntu spontaneously won't boot, how do I fix it?

The PXE-M0F tells you that it tries booting from LAN, but without success. Maybe look at your BIOS boot order settings and set hdd and/or cd-dvd and/or USB before LAN and other stuff. However this should not be the only reason why it doesn't boot. But do you mean when you boot from the live-cd you could not access the data on the hard disk? Was it detected and just not mounted (run gparted to see hdd/partitioning info)?


Issue with installation of phpMyAdmin in LAMP

ok guys i fix that with this way

just get vim editor open file with that

vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

and at the end of the file insert

# phpMyAdmin Configuration
Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf

and restart apache , thats it;)

http://www.liquidweb.com/kb/how-to-install-and-configure-phpmyadmin-on-ubuntu-14-04/


Get IP Address of Machine from Hostname or Mac-address

Of all the suggestions in the comments this one seems easiest.

sudo apt-get install arp-scan

sudo arp-scan --interface=wlan0 --localnet where wlan0 is your interface if your on a wire you'll likely change wlan0 to eth0. You can find out your interface with ifconfig you'll get output similar to this that provides The IP and MAC Address of each machine on your local subnet.

$ sudo arp-scan --interface=eth0 --localnet
Interface: eth0, datalink type: EN10MB (Ethernet)
Starting arp-scan 1.8.1 with 256 hosts (http://www.nta-monitor.com/tools/arp-scan/)
192.168.15.2    XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX   NETGEAR
192.168.15.24   XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX   BROTHER INDUSTRIES, LTD.
192.168.15.103  XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX   GIGA-BYTE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.

Sources:

1) http://www.binarytides.com/scan-the-local-network-with-arp-scan-on-ubuntu/

2) https://superuser.com/questions/261818/how-can-i-list-all-ips-in-the-connected-network-through-terminal-preferably

3)Experience


Run a specific command with root password prompt even if running as root

Specifically for su, root is not prompted for a password because su's PAM rules allow it:

$ grep root /etc/pam.d/su
# This allows root to su without passwords (normal operation)
auth       sufficient pam_rootok.so
# Uncomment this to force users to be a member of group root
# than the default "root" (but this may have side effect of
# denying "root" user, unless she's a member of "foo" or explicitly
# permitted earlier by e.g. "sufficient pam_rootok.so").

If you want to make su ask for a password for root, comment out the use of pam_rootok. Of course, su doesn't care for commands, so any use of su by root will then ask for the password.

You can't protect individual commands from root without risking a lot of breakage. Just lock your terminal when you leave it. Don't run root sessions.


how to install Netbeans 9+ from ubuntu-make or umake?

Update (8 April 2019):
Apache Netbeans (incubating) is now available via ubuntu-make. As they say, latest version, You can now install Netbeans 11.0 using ubuntu-make. For that, run:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:lyzardking/ubuntu-make
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-make
umake ide netbeans

Historical answer:

According to Ubuntu-make's official repository on GitHub last time Netbeans data such as link was updated/committed on 30 March 2017 while Netbeans 9.0 was released on 29 July 2018. So, I believe as of now it is impossible to install Netbeans 9.0 via ubuntu-make until it updates the details. You'll find that all folders here which contain details about Netbeans have details of version 8.2.

Also, according to Netbeans 8.2 official release notes:

  The tested JDK for this release is JDK 8u101 for Windows, Linux, and OS X. The 8.2 version of the IDE cannot be installed or run on the JDK older than JDK 8.

So, I think its better to downgrade the Java and use Netbeans 8.2 or install Netbeans 9.0 using other methods.


Broadcom WIFI adapter works in live USB but not in installation

I had a similar issue trying to get my HP Stream 11 (model: 11-r015wm) netbook connected to WiFi.

lshw -C network told me it was a Broadcom BCM43142 wireless card. Come to find out it's a WiFi + Bluetooth combo card with (anecdotally - I tried about 6 different Linux distros) not a lot of support out of the box.

I settled on using Ubuntu Budgie and similar to your experience, when running from the live CD, I could get the wireless card to work if I manually downloaded and installed the driver and some dependencies:

bcmwl-kernel-source, linux-libc-dev, libc6-dev & dkms .deb packages. It was like magic when on the last command sudo dpkg -i bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu4_amd64.deb my WiFi turned on and starting working.

I naively thought all I needed to do now was to install the OS from the live CD and install those same .deb packages. With my new and working internet connection I installed the OS on my hard drive and made sure to tick off the box about installing updates and third party software/drivers.

However, after I finished the installation and restarting, this time around when I attempted to install dkms it said I was missing dpkg-dev, make & gcc. Wait what? Perhaps the live CD contains more software or is more robust than a standard installation?

Anyways, I started to manually install each dependency as they came up by going to https://pkgs.org/ and transferring over the .deb files with a USB. By my fourth transfer I was pretty salty.

This is what I did to finally end up solving the issue:

1) Found and downloaded my driver with all of its dependencies to a USB using this method:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22008193/how-to-list-download-the-recursive-dependencies-of-a-debian-package

1.5) Then I attempted to install all of the .deb packages and resolve dependencies by adding a local directory to /etc/apt/sources.list.

reference:
https://www.linuxwave.info/2009/04/adding-local-directory-to-apt.html

I then ran sudo apt-get update --allow-unauthenticated

reference:
Force update from unsigned repository Ubuntu 16.04

However, my package dependencies were still not resolving correctly. I was trying to run sudo dpkg -i *.deb on the folder where I saved everything but dpkg wasn't sure about which order to process all my .deb files in. So I tried something else instead..

2) I copied all of my .deb files into /var/cache/apt/archives and followed the answer here:

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/366488/how-to-use-dpkg-i-to-install-package-and-dependencies-where-dependencies-are-al#366886

by running sudo apt-get install -f it installed all of my dependencies and my WiFi finally turned on.

What a mess! And I'm quite surprised about the inconsistency between booting from a live CD vs installing and booting from my hard drive.


As part a bash script:

cvlc -vvv --network-caching $cache rtsp://192.168.3.$port:554 --zoom $zoom

While $cache is buffer size in ms.
And $port define cam's port


How do I move my Ubuntu (only) 12.04.1 to a new disk

Just from experience, it's always easier to install the Win OS first, and then install Ubuntu on whichever partition you want (same or different disk).
Grub is indeed more flexible with multi-boot than Win OS and there might be chances that your Win 8 will without confirmation overwrite the MBR


What does the warning about missing firmware mean and how to fix it?

It means that those modules for the kernel you just installed have not been built. Unless you have a realtek network interface card you don't have to worry about those modules.

However if you want to install the realtek firmware because you do have a realtek card or even just to get rid of those error messages install a package called firmware-realtek.


Why is the error, dd: /dev/rdisk1bs=1m: Operation not supported, popping up while trying to instal ubuntu on usb?

If you clicked the little eject icon in the Finder, this will unmount and eject the usb drive, which will give the error you saw.  You want to umount only.

Unmounting can be done in Apple's Disk Utility using the Unmount button (in toolbar next to Eject), or it can be done as Marcel answers below from the commandline.

sudo diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskN


There are two possibilities:

Software Lock: This occurs when disable WiFi in Settings. Simply Re-enable WiFi in Settings.

Hardware Lock: This occurs when you press the Keyboard key (there is one on most laptops -- look or it!), or in some BIOS setting. Ubuntu cannot unlock hardware locks - you must find that Keyboard key or BIOS setting again.

See the output of rfkill to determine if yours is a Software or Hardware lock. Here's an example of rfkill output after I toggle my laptop keyboard's airplane-mode key:
    $ rfkill
    ID TYPE DEVICE      SOFT      HARD
     0 wlan phy0   unblocked   blocked

And after I toggle it again:
    $ rfkill
    ID TYPE DEVICE      SOFT      HARD
     0 wlan phy0   unblocked unblocked


403 forbidden error for all local projects after updating php and apache

finally I found what happened. after reading about apache 2.4.*, I have changed APACHE Configuration file. so I added this line in <Directory> scope:
    Require all granted
and after that, sudo service apache2 restart , and now everything goes fine.

Here is the Apache documentation relevant for this fix: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/upgrading.html#access


"find" command and piping its output through another program

Generally, I find xargs much more sane to use than find's -exec option. This is especially true for speeding things up since a separate "svn" is not started for every line of find's output:

find . -maxdepth 1 -type d | xargs svn info | grep URL

If you're dealing with files with strange names (spaces, newlines, etc), just add -print0 to find and -0 to xargs:

find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -print0 | xargs -0 svn info | grep URL

If you're dealing with a program that can only take 1 argument, you can use -n1 with xargs:

find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 svn info | grep URL


How do I "update my packagelist using package manager" on Ubuntu 14.04

Because you've already opened a terminal, with a simple command

sudo apt-get update

That's always necessary if you have done something like:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kivy-team/kivy

From man apt-get

update
    update is used to resynchronize the package index files from their
    sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the
    location(s) specified in /etc/apt/sources.list. For example, when
    using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the
    Packages.gz files, so that information about new and updated packages
    is available. An update should always be performed before an upgrade
    or dist-upgrade. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will
    be incorrect as the size of the package files cannot be known in
    advance.


Install Ubuntu 14.04 alongside Windows 8 Problem

The only way to install Ubuntu on uefi system from my experience is this:

disable fast boot, enble sata achi, enable usb boot, disable secure boot.

After that download and use RUFUS to make bootable USB, with gpt uefi partitioning, fat formatted.

P.S. My uefi on Lenovo Y580 have some bug, so to detect bootable USB I have to enter uefi at least twice to configure boot order. First time uefi just do not see usb.


How to connect in ssh to a server with ipv6

All right, here is what i have done.
Two things:
1) I had forgotten to use the bridged connection option.
2) I put eth0 instead of wlan0 (i was not connected through ethernet).
In case someone is wondering how to connect with IPv6, it is exactly the same. You just write your ip in IPv6 behind your name, like in ipv6 !


a noisy sound is came out from HDD (nokia booklet 3G)

first of all, I would suggest you installing at least some minimal version of LTS 12.04 (if possible).

Anyway, I still would be smart performing some HDD sanity check.
For example something like this: http://www.howtoforge.com/checking-hard-disk-sanity-with-smartmontools-debian-ubuntu


How do I exclude Windows during back up?

Since you don't specify how you are backing up, it is hard to say, but assuming you are using tar, then yes, just add --exclude=/host, or better yet, use --one-file-system to prevent it from recursing into other mount points.


Ubuntu 14.04, Intel Chromebook, no sound

Hope this helps other Linux users on their Chromebooks with the BayTrail hardware.

I bought a new FHD Toshiba Chromebook, installed Mint 17.3 Xfce4 on it straight away (modified the BIOS & conductive sticker).

Everything rocked except for the sound.... my symptom was that I only had the HDMI outputs, no speakers, no analog.

To fix this I did the following:

Update the kernel version from 3. something to 4.2.0-23 by using the update manager. (start the gui version of the update manager, click View > Linux Kernels, click at least the 4.2.0-23 version)
Update / install the linux-firmware package:

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware

Download this Intel blob (click the link to download)

https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware/+/refs/heads/master/intel/fw_sst_0f28.bin-48kHz_i2s_master

Store it here:

/lib/firmware/intel

Download the modified sound config file (asound.state) from https://gist.github.com/n1trux/3751a87f374a8af5f611
Open a terminal window and type

sudo alsa force-unload

This temporarily kills the audio services.

Replace the system’s sound config file with the downloaded version:

sudo cp ~/Downloads/asound.state /var/lib/alsa

Reboot, open pavucontrol and unmute your analog speakers, also perhaps check alsamixer: speaker should be enabled or allowed to be enabled.


You may try using PhotoRec with your corrupt image file. It can recover a lot of file types, not just photos as the name may imply.

Reference https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/17811

PhotoRec download here


Quick search on packages.ubuntu.com gives the packages with this file.

You have to install related package with

sudo apt-get install libutf8proc-dev


How do I launch a different webcam program(Now it is Cheese) from the system indicator?

The most practical way I found was to create a symlink /usr/local/bin/cheese pointing to /usr/bin/guvcview


Create the file "userChrome.css" and its parent directory "chrome" if they don't already exist:

~/.mozilla/firefox/<YOUR_FIREFOX_PROFILE>/chrome/userChrome.css

Place the following code in userChrome.css
If the line that begins with @namespace is already in your userChrome.css, don't add it a second time.

#TabsToolbar {
  direction: rtl;
}

#tabbrowser-tabs {
  direction: ltr;
}

.titlebar-buttonbox {
  display: flex;
}

.titlebar-min {
  order: 2;
}

.titlebar-max {
  order: 1;
}

.titlebar-close {
  order: 3;
  margin-right: 6px !important;
}

Now restart Firefox and the buttons will be on the left.

Your Firefox profile will look something like this: hej3q2i1.default
If you aren't sure which profile is yours, you can find out by following these steps:

Open Firefox
Click the menu button
Click Help
Select Troubleshooting Information
Your Firefox profile will be the last directory listed in "Profile
Directory"

CSS source: https://gist.github.com/oidualc/9f7c0a6591ada0d391ee6813a518dc3b


Unable to boot after update to linux-image-3.13.0-39-generic

You could try to enter in the terminal from previous kernel this:

 sudo apt-get purge -y --force-yes linux-shim-amd64 shim* linux-generic

and it might work fine or you can type in the terminal:

 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yaunnubuntu/boot-repair
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install boot-repair && boot-repair

and it might work fine this way.


Why do Brackets "][" need double escape "\\" to prevent interpretation by the shell?

There are multiple levels of quoting/escaping going on here. First, you have your FS regex (-F "[\\[\\]\:\)\(]") in double quotes. That's what's giving the warnings:

$ awk -F"[\\[\\]:)(]" '{print $2}' file
awk: warning: escape sequence `\[' treated as plain `['
awk: warning: escape sequence `\]' treated as plain `]'
awk: fatal: :, [., or [=: /[[]:)(]/

While single quotes just work:

$ awk -F'[\\[\\]:)(]' '{print $2}' file
field#13

That's because anything in double quotes is first expanded by the shell. So, the shell first expands \\[ to \[ and then passes it to awk. You can see this happening with set -x:

$ set -x
$ awk -F"[\\[\\]:)(]" '{print $2}' file
+ awk '-F[\[\]:)(]' '{print $2}' file

As you can see above, the shell ate the first escape. So don't use " here at all.

The next issue is that awk itself interprets the escapes twice. Because the -F can accept special escapes like \t and \r etc, it will first try to read \[ as a single, escaped character. Since \[ is the same as [ (unlike, say \n which is not the same as n since \n is a newline), it gives you a warning message, explaining that it treated \[ as [.

So, you need the first escape to escape the \ itself, and the second escape to escape the [. In other words, in \\[, the 1st \ is escaping the second \ so that what awk finally receives is \[.

It might be easier to understand if you consider something like this:

$ echo -e 'a\tb'
a   b                  ## prints a tab character
$ echo -e 'a\\tb'
a\tb                   ## prints a literal \t
$ echo -e "a\\tb"
a   b                  ## prints a tab because of the double quotes
$ echo -e "a\\\tb"
a\tb                   ## 3ple escaping! Prints a literal `\t` again.

The last example above is the most telling. Since the string to be echoed is in double quotes, it is expanded by the shell first (that eats one \), then by echo -e (that eats another \) and is finally printed as a literal \t.


You are not doing anything wrong diff.ignoreSubmodules is buggy and is ignored if submodule..ignore is set.

You need to use the command line option --ignore-submodules=all instead or change the ignore setting for the module as they are the only mechanisms that work.


"respawning too fast, stopped". How to make UPSTART disable for 5 mins?

Upstart allows a post-stop sleep in order to delay the restarting of a job. From http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/#delay-respawn-of-a-job

post-stop exec sleep 5

Now when the job fails, it will wait 5 seconds before attempting to connect again. Combine that with setting the respawn to something like 10 times in 30 seconds and it should try to respawn forever (it would only try 7 times in 30 seconds, so it shouldn't get kicked out of respawn)


Shadow passwords are an enhancement to login security on Unix systems. Traditionally, passwords are kept in encrypted form in a world-readable table ( /etc/passwd ). To test a password, a program encrypts the given password with the same "key" (salt) that was used to encrypt the password stored in the /etc/passwd file (the salt is always given as the first two characters of the password). Because the encrypted passwords are not "decryptable", authentication takes place by comparison. If the /etc/passwd/ file password matches the encrypted login password, the user is granted access.

More reading HERE


Drivers for Lexmark Pro 901 905 printers

Drivers for PRO 901 are here: PRO 901

Drivers for PRO 905 are here: PRO 905

The guide is here: link.


Cannot Load Sites unless connected to VPN

Edit: "I cannot access few websites and portal"

If you are not able to access some websites, there may be an ACL on these networks (such as a public IP limitation), or you could have routing issues to the subnets in which they resolve.

For example, if you can't reach mytest.portal.business.com and it resolves as 10.1.1.3, then this would stipulate it's an internally hosted service that you've got a static record for. If a large portion of websites work (such as YouTube, Google, AskUbuntu) but a subset don't, this would indicate more of an issue with networking/routing than the system in itself.

If you're able to successfully resolve (via nslookup) and test an ICMP connection (ping) then this denotes you have network connectivity; if you perform sudo apt upgrade -y and it functions, you have networking connectivity and this brings the issue down to an application fault.

In this instance, it appears that you're in fact using WiFi as your connection medium, as denoted by your ip a which resulted in:

wlp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 5c:e0:c5:3a:7d:0c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.107/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute wlp3s0
       valid_lft 85831sec preferred_lft 85831sec
    inet6 fe80::f9d:3b03:c8d4:43e3/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

DHCP

First and foremost, I would confirm that you're getting DHCP on the same logical subnet as other clients that are working - this is simple, compare ip a on hosts to ensure you're in the same range. For example, this could be 192.168.0.1 or 172.20.20.1 but (usually) neither together.

To view your DHCP configuration (if you're using netplan) you can run ls -l /var/lib/NetworkManager, and what is most important is cat your lease file - for me:

cat /var/lib/NetworkManager/internal-16fa33b0-caa7-3219-a480-331e166fd77c-eno2.lease
# This is private data. Do not parse.
ADDRESS=192.168.0.116
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ROUTER=192.168.0.1
SERVER_ADDRESS=192.168.0.1
T1=42600
T2=74550
LIFETIME=85200
DNS=208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220
DOMAINNAME=loopback.local
CLIENTID=01b42e9933fa61

Make sure in the DHCP lease, your router IP address is your local router - and not another IP address you cannot route to without a VPN connection (additional adapter).

DNS

The first test is to ensure your DNS is not the fault, run resolvectl status | grep "DNS Servers" to list the current server you're using; you can update this to be
something such as 1.1.1.1 as a test:

# See man:systemd-resolved.service(8) for details about the supported modes of
# operation for /etc/resolv.conf.
nameserver 1.1.1.1

Proxy Server

At this point in time, if you're not able to resolve websites (well, load), move on to diagnosing if your system is using a proxy: env | grep proxy - if you're using a proxy, it'll return an answer. You can find more answers on diagnosing proxies here.

Firewalls

On Ubuntu, you can disable the Firewall temporarily to see if this is contributing. For firewalld the command is:

systemctl stop firewalld   # Disables the Firewall
systemctl status firewalld # Gets the firewall's status

For ufw, perform the following:

sudo ufw status verbose # Gets the firewall's status
sudo ufw disable        # Disables the Firewall

You could further diagnose this by performing a netstat or a Wireshark capture, if you believed this a networking issue.

Application Diagnostics

From this point, if your browser still doesn't want to load, load an additional browser such as Vivaldi, and see if the same issue occurs. You can run the application via the terminal to get output - or using inbuilt console.

Lastly - as I had this happen to me once - I had a strange "profile" issue with my wireless network. I had to remove the network and reconnect/establish to get it working.


disable fingerprint authentication at login

Easiest way to disable it via GUI. Search Users and mark Fingerprint login as "disabled".


start on Only changes the job's goal to start from stop. If the job is already in start, the job is not latched and does nothing with the events in start on.

If you wanted it to run multiple times anyway, you can add this:

instance $UPSTART_EVENTS

With that upstart will run an instance of the job for each event pair that is matched in start on.