Try to search for Plymouth files in "/lib/plymouth/themes".
Also you can search themes in repositories. Write in terminal this

apt-cache search plymouth-theme-


I had the same issue - installer finishes without doing anything.

Cause: I had mounted a .iso file of the DVD, copied everything over and attempted to run the installer from the copied files. That doesn't work.

You must run the installer from the DVD or from the mounted .iso.


How to keep Internet connection while changing between eth0 and wlan0?

When an application wants to use the network it asks the OS to open a socket, which is associated with source and destination IP addresses/ports.

Wikipedia:

  An Internet socket is characterized by a unique combination of the
  following:
  Local socket address: Local IP address and port number
  Remote socket address: Only for established TCP sockets. As discussed
  in the client-server section below, this is necessary since a TCP
  server may serve several clients concurrently. The server creates one
  socket for each client, and these sockets share the same local socket
  address.
  Protocol: A transport protocol (e.g., TCP, UDP, raw IP, or
  others). TCP port 53 and UDP port 53 are consequently different,
  distinct sockets.

When you change your network connection usually you get a different IP address, thus the earlier opened socket becomes invalid for the new connection. You'll only achieve what you want if you find a way to keep the same IP address for both wired and wireless connections.


How to change desktop icon size in Ubuntu 16.10?

From the launcher, type "Nautilus", which will give you the file explorer under the confusing title "File".  Then, go to Edit -> Preferences.  (Do not go to File -> Properties!)  "Icon View Defaults" and "List View Defaults" are there; use them.

Boy, this is confusing!


How can I get a list of users that have logged in via SSH?

The command last serves exactly this purpose.

last -F

will give you a list of who logged in, from where, when and how long they were logged in.

Have a look at man last to see additional parameters you can use.


ERROR: JAVA_HOME environment variable must be defined

Open up your $HOME/.bashrc file. Go to the end of the file. There should be an entry that starts with "export". Just above the first "export" place the following, changing the path below, after JAVA_HOME= to where your Java installation resides. Since I use Oracle Java, my path and versions are different.

if [ "$JAVA_HOME" == "" ]; then
    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle
fi

This will define JAVA_HOME only if it isn't already defined. I've not seen Java installed the way you've installed yours so I must assume it's Open Java.

Hopefully this helps!


what's the point using www-data for user and group?

It's for flexibility. You could add other users to the www-data group and those users could do whatever is permitted by the group flags (which need not necessarily be the same as the user flags).


Multiple Ethernet Ports losing configuration and not getting up after boot

Thank you for your reply. The file contains the following configuration. I have added the last two by myself:
#This is the network config written by 'subqiuity'
network:
ethernets:
    eno1:
       addresses:
       - 192.168.1.143/24
       gateway4: 192.168.1.1
    nameservers:
       addresses:
       - 8.8.8.8
    enp3s0f0:
        addresses:
        - 10.10.10.99/24
        gateway4: 10.10.10.1
    enp3s0f1:
        addresses:
        - 10.10.10.100/24
        gateway4: 10.10.10.1


Rsyslog not forwarding specific log file to remote server

yes - a bit true. Sometimes it helps - or it is necessary - to do :

  sudo apt-get install --reinstall rsyslogd*

or instead reboot the machine totally for to reload the daemons (included rsyslogd).

You can look if syslog is scrolling ( means then that rsyslogd is working as daemon ).


Distorted graphics, problems with starting up

I had this same problem with my NVIDIA GeFroce GTS 450. I went to additional drivers and changed to the proprietary driver from NVIDIA and rebooted.


Installing Ubuntu on MacBook (8,2 early 2015) - No keyboard or touchpad

Do you get to the point where you can interact with a desktop environment (e.g., Gnome or KDE)? If so, open the dash (not sure what default keyboard shortcut is, either alt/option or command key), type in terminal, and select the terminal icon with arrows.  In the terminal, check if touchpad is turned on with synclient -l | grep TouchpadOff.  If this option is set to 1, then change it to 0 or 2 with synclient TouchpadOff=0.  Check here for more details/options on synclient, and this post to make change permanent.


Is Ubuntu suitable for this system? If so what version?

Windows 10's automatic updates are definitely annoying, and the new tracking methods they put in are a bit invasive. However, Pro can turn off auto updates (I think there's a patch for Home) and the data tracking can be turned off with another program. Of course, Linux is great, especially Ubuntu ;), but if it doesn't work out, Windows 10 should be fine for just gaming (although I recommend Windows 7).

Now, for Ubuntu. Your computer is a very good build. Your processor will work fine, but make sure you get the 64-bit version of Ubuntu to use it to its full potential. Since your LAN and WiFi are both Intel, everything will be OK there. Anything Intel is usually fine. Unless your hard drive is SCSI or in soe weird proprietary RAID system, you're fine, and I doubt you'll be doing that. You almost never have to worry about RAM from a software point of view.

The only thing I worry about is your graphics adapter. NVIDIA tends to have annoying problems when you install its proprietary drivers. You can go without installing them, but games won't run as well. I have the 950M, and it works fine on Ubuntu 14.04-15.10, so the 960M should also work fine.

Everything you've provided should work fine with Ubuntu. Since you're a new user, I recommend getting the latest LTS (long-term support) release, Ubuntu 14.04. I believe it's supported until 2019 (meaning you can get help with it until then), and you'll have an easy upgrade to the next LTS release, 16.04.

If you have any more questions, feel free to leave a comment.


I don't know if this is helpful, but here are the results from the touchpad on my Dell Latitude E6420:

user@computer:~$ xinput --watch-props 12
Device 'AlpsPS/2 ALPS DualPoint TouchPad':
Device Enabled (139):   1
Coordinate Transformation Matrix (141): 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000
Device Accel Profile (262): 1
Device Accel Constant Deceleration (263):   2.500000
Device Accel Adaptive Deceleration (264):   1.000000
Device Accel Velocity Scaling (265):    12.500000
Synaptics Edges (266):  300, 1700, 210, 1190
Synaptics Finger (267): 12, 15, 0
Synaptics Tap Time (268):   180
Synaptics Tap Move (269):   107
Synaptics Tap Durations (270):  180, 100, 100
Synaptics ClickPad (271):   0
Synaptics Middle Button Timeout (272):  75
Synaptics Two-Finger Pressure (273):    141
Synaptics Two-Finger Width (274):   7
Synaptics Scrolling Distance (275): 48, 48
Synaptics Edge Scrolling (276): 0, 0, 0
Synaptics Two-Finger Scrolling (277):   1, 1
Synaptics Move Speed (278): 1.000000, 1.750000, 0.081934, 0.000000
Synaptics Off (279):    2
Synaptics Locked Drags (280):   0
Synaptics Locked Drags Timeout (281):   5000
Synaptics Tap Action (282): 2, 3, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0
Synaptics Click Action (283):   1, 1, 0
Synaptics Circular Scrolling (284): 0
Synaptics Circular Scrolling Distance (285):    0.100000
Synaptics Circular Scrolling Trigger (286): 0
Synaptics Circular Pad (287):   0
Synaptics Palm Detection (288): 0
Synaptics Palm Dimensions (289):    10, 100
Synaptics Coasting Speed (290): 20.000000, 50.000000
Synaptics Pressure Motion (291):    15, 80
Synaptics Pressure Motion Factor (292): 1.000000, 1.000000
Synaptics Resolution Detect (293):  1
Synaptics Grab Event Device (294):  0
Synaptics Gestures (295):   1
Synaptics Capabilities (296):   1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0
Synaptics Pad Resolution (297): 1, 1
Synaptics Area (298):   0, 0, 0, 0
Synaptics Noise Cancellation (299): 12, 12
Device Product ID (257):    2, 8
Device Node (258):  "/dev/input/event7"

Property 'Synaptics Off' changed.
Synaptics Off (279):    0

You didn't mention if the touchpad worked properly in Windows.  If you haven't yet checked, then you should probably check that to rule out a hardware problem.  If it works fine in Windows, then I suppose you should tinker with the parameters.  If you find something that works, please answer your own question and accept the answer, to help people in the future.  Good luck.


These instructions worked for me
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2078320&page=2


Black screen on bootup, after installing steam

The question is solved. Appears I had uninstalled ubuntu-desktpp somewhere in the process.
I ran

sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop

and a bunch of other basic installs ( which I cannot remember, but will keep it posted as soon as I find it :( )


For the first part of your question:

When you start your system, it's going to boot into a specific target, it can be "single user", "multi user", "graphical" or something else. Each system has a default target, let's say your default was graphical, when you are booting into a graphical target Ubuntu looks for a display manager to run, something like "gdm", "slim", "lightdm", etc and it can't find any because you don't have a desktop environment thus any login manager, so it fails to load a login manager.

Then you have installed "ubuntu desktop" which is unity with a login manager named "lightdm" however system is not going to run it instantly because it did before and it failed, however on next boot when it's trying to load a login manager "lightdm" is there and will be run.

startx is a script to initialize an X session, you can use it to load a session instead of using a login manager which asks for your user name and password and lets you to choose a desktop, startx looks for a file named xinitrc and based on its contains load a X session for you so what you did was loading a session without getting a login manager into the work.

For the second part, it might be some misconfiguration of lightdm, "X" or being installed on a server version which is not supposed to use a GUI, it needs more investigations however you can run:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

It might be helpful.


The lock file you mention is used to avoid running more than one instance of any software able to add packages (apt-get, aptitude, synaptic, ...).
This is necessary because the list of installed software is saved in DB file. Having more than one process accessing this DB will lead to corruption into it and break your installed software DB.

Lock files are created by a program when it is necessary to have only one instance of this program running at the same time.
Generally, this is to avoid that local files/DB are accessed concurrently because this may corrupt them.


Why are Ksoftirqd -processes pushing my CPU-LOAD to 100%?

The problem is very probable with the driver of your network card: Google reveals a lot of similar problems elsewhere: like in Finnish this.

So simply disable the unnecessary drivers or update old ones.


Rearranging + resizing partitions on Ubuntu + Windows 10 dual boot

It's always a risk when you resize partitions, but since you have a backup I wouldn't worry too much. I, too, have my Windows data before my Linux data, so that's not an issue.

Here's what you need to do:

Shrink the Windows data partition
Delete the swap partition
Grow the Ubuntu data partition (make sure you leave space for swap)
Create a new swap partition

Before you reboot, check the UUID/device name of the new swap partition and adjust your /etc/fstab accordingly.


I've used Ubuntu for the last 10 years at least without a single Boot issue until 19 Disco Dingo and 20 Focal Fossa. I bought a Linux ready Thinkpad when I startd having problems but the hardware seems unlikely if it's Linux ready. My guess is that there is a push to change the installer so it may be a deliberate accident. I'm going back to 18. Think I got it on a start up disk somewhere.


The problem probably is that the sudo you are running is probably different from the system's sudo.

This is (probably) a user configuration.

FIRST: Check if using /usr/bin/sudo works ok, to test that hipotesis.

IF IT DOES: Then either you are using another binary, or an alias

USING ANOTHER BINARY: Users can make different versions of system binaries to use (usually, they are just scripts). To check for that possibility, run which sudo. This will tell you the location of the sudo you are running. IF it says /usr/bin/sudo, then we exclude this possibility. If something else, that is probably the problem

USING AN ALIAS: an alias is a lightweight way to personalize commands. Instead of writing a binary, you make a small alteration, such as adding an option. This is done in configuration scripts for BASH, the program that reads the commands.
To check for that, type alias and see if sudo appears on the list. If it does, then this is probably the problem. Use find ~/ -maxdepth 1 -size -20k -exec grep -H 'alias sudo.*' {} \; to find the file that is setting up the alias (Some common guesses would be: ~/.bashrc ; ~/.bash_profile ;  ~/.bash_login and ~/.profile ).
If you cant find the file, use find ~/ -size -20k -exec grep -H 'alias sudo.*' {} \; instead, to look at all of your user's files. (this will take a long time)


How can I enable screenlock without turning off the monitor? (Ubuntu Gnome 14.04)

This is not possible anymore in Gnome 3. You would have to execute gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power idle-dim-time [seconds] (possibly as lightdm as this is the user who runs the lockscreen) however this key doesn't exist anymore.

A possible workaround Khurshid mentioned is to install XScreenSaver (and set the timeout from there):

How can I change or install screensavers?


Try going to System Settings > Fonts and then select the Force font DPI option. 96 DPI did the trick for me.
This will, however, increase the size of other GUI elements too, and not just the title bars.

Here's a screenshot of the option:


Folder permissions: only allow user to write (not read or delete)

It is not possible to allow a user to write only. The user should have read pemission to be able to write in a file.

What I can suggest is having multiple directories, for example:

here your upload folder : upload
here another folder : master-upload

the user files would be files in the upload folder and a cron that runs every 5 mins moves the files to the master-upload where he has no permission.


No. ConsoleKit only manages console logins in graphical mode, so if you're not running X or a desktop environment it's OK to turn it off.

Here's a comment from this question showing how to disable console-kit-daemon:

  To disable graphical mode console logins, you can remove
  /etc/X11/default-display-manager. Stop the running instance with stop gdm

Hope this answers your question.


How to Boot from iRAM Solid State Drive on Ubuntu

If the hard drive is not recognized as a bootable volume in the BIOS, you have two choices:

Place /boot on an alternate device. This can be an ordinary hard disk drive, or even a CD-ROM or USB key device. The idea is to get the kernel and initrd loaded off this (possibly slow) device, then finish the boot off the real root filesystem.
If you're feeling up for a challenge, you could theoretically use coreboot to flash a Linux kernel and initrd image right into your BIOS chips (assuming you have large enough BIOS flash chips for this).

You may also want to consider running your iRAM module in a RAID-1 configuration with a normal hard drive partition. If you did this, you could boot off your hard drive as normal, and use the iRAM as, essentially, a fast, persistent cache device. This has the major advantage that your data will remain on the normal hard drive if the iRAM drive runs out of batteries.


Which niceness to give to prevent freezing?

The process that eats up the most CPU in normal usage is probably the X server. First, find the pid (Process ID) of your X process:

ps aux | grep /usr/bin/X

This will give you a line starting with root [pid] ....

Now, let's increase the priority:

sudo renice -5 [pid]

This sets the priority to 20 (the default priority) minus 5 (the nice value), resulting in a total priority of 15. The lower the priority number, the more often the process will be scheduled for processing. You can check the priority with the top command. Experiment until you are satisfied. However, renice is a dangerous command and may make your system unusable (until a reboot).


How do I backup (clone) a full hd to a specific partition on a bigger hd?

Parts of this answer comes from: How to move Ubuntu installation from one hdd to another? and How to move Ubuntu installation from one hdd to another?

Clonezilla may be useful for cloning your hard disk, even for those situations on which you need to do it with different size disks as mentioned here: http://www.tuxradar.com/content/how-clone-hard-drives-clonezilla

  Moving to a bigger disk

  It's easy to ensure that a clone of a SCSI
  disk is restored to a SCSI disk, but you'll have a tough time finding
  an exact replica size-wise. The good news is you don't have to restore
  a disk on another disk of the same size. The even better news is that
  you can in fact restore the image to a much larger disk.

  When restoring a disk, Clonezilla enables you to resize the filesystem
  and create partitions on the new disk proportionally. But even if you
  are moving to a bigger disk, you might prefer to keep the partitions
  as they are. In that case you can ask Clonezilla to create the
  partition table as its listed in the image.

There is documentation about moving to a larger disk as mentioned here but I am not sure that you can do it the opposite (cloning to a smaller disk).

Clonezilla allow you to run cloning procedures for both physical hard disk drive, partitions or logical volumes which may be useful for your case.

Clonezilla offers several Live CD's and bootable USB images and there is also documented that you can resize the free space on the disk after the copy, in which case the suggestion to use gparted under Linux is also a good idea but you may wish to consider resizing under Windows Vista/7.

In the case that you wish to use all the hard disk drive capacity for the system you will simply need to start again from your USB/Live session CD), then use gParted and run the resizing process which is easy indeed.

Good luck!


Assuming Win10 HDD = sda and blank SSD = sdc

Rather than using dd for each individual partition, use it on the block device as a whole.

For example, rather than copying from /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdb2 and so on, just copy from /dev/sdb

So you can do something like:

dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/sdc bs=4M


Make error when installing wifi adapter drivers

Kernels 4.6 and newer are not compatible, because the net stack has be modified, roll back to 4.3 or 4.5 version then make will work and also the driver works well.


ubuntu does not use terminology such as C D ect. It uses /dev/sdxy. You need to understand linux partitioning before you go any further or you will likely not install to the correct place.

Install guide is here - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/GraphicalInstall

and Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI

For partitioning explained see http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/35676/how-to-choose-a-partition-scheme-for-your-linux-pc/ or similar such as https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/partitioning


How to restore Xubuntu 14.04 Default Icons?

Try

sudo apt-get install --reinstall xubuntu-desktop

And see if that solves the issue.


Install open the terminal and type

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

then open with movie player(totem)

Or install vlc media-player

sudo apt-get-install vlc


High kworker CPU usage on Ubuntu 18.04 (tried multiple things with no results)

The Microsoft Surface devices need a custom kernel to work with Linux (includes Battery Indicator, Touch, Pen, etc. ). Following the guide at https://github.com/linux-surface/linux-surface fixed the problem for me.


If all you would be using NetBeans for is Java programming then you can install IntelliJ IDEA 13 Community Edition from the Ubuntu Software Center. IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition is a free (it doesn't cost any money) and open source version of IntelliJ IDEA, a premier IDE for Java, Groovy, Scala and Android applications development. I also tried to install NetBeans IDE 7.0.1 and had the same problem as you have. I searched for a solution and found a Launchpad bug report: Bug #1360100, so I gave up and installed IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition instead.

Eclipse has most of the functionality of NetBeans in one form or another. Or you can download the Oracle Java 8 SE bundle of NetBeans IDE from the Oracle website which contains both Java 8 and NetBeans.


In order to get the GUI in the picture you should execute users-admin

If you don't have the link in the GUI for that application, you can navigate to applications -> System Tools -> Mate Terminal and get into the terminal.

Now you can execute users-admin from the Terminal and you'll get this GUI

If users-admin isn't installed on your machine, running the following command will install it:

sudo apt install gnome-system-tools


With certificates you are dealing with what you may call a "chain of trust". It's kind of "Adam says it's raining outside. I believe Adam because Bob said Adam's trustworthy. I believe Bob because Christine says Bob's trustworthy" and so on and so forth.

A certificate is used, among other things like encryption, as a kind of ID badge: This website proclaims to be your-website.com, and it can show the certificate to prove it. But why to trust the certificate? Because it has been issued by an instance that is trusted itself, a so called certification authority (CA). This CA is operated by the company you bought your certificate from. But why to trust this CA? Because it can show a certificate that is trustworthy. That second certificate is issued from a "higher up" CA. This "higher up" CA has a certificate that it is trustworthy from still another CA, and so on. This goes on and on until you reach a "root certificate".

Those root certificates are delivered with your web browser, mail client or other client that needs to assess a certificate. If your browser is presented a certificate, it checks whether it matches the site that uses it (domain name and such), and whether it trusts the CA that issued the certificate. The CA is trusted if the "higher up" CA that certified this CA is trusted, and so on. By this method, your browser should arrive at one point at one of its root certificates. If it does, the browser accepts the certificate we started out with. If it can't build a chain of trust back to a root certificate, it doesn't accept the certificate (or warns you about it, depending on your settings).

As you see, not every CA gains its trust directly from a root certificate, there can be one or many intermediate steps. Those "intermediate certificates", so to speak, can be stored into a file, like your certificate and the corresponding key can. And the Apache directive SSLCACertificateFile tells where to look for that file. You should recieve those "intermediate certificates" along with your certificate, or they should be available from the company you bought your certificate from.


libc6:i386 : Depends: libgcc1:i386 but it is not going to be installed (on 14.04.2 64-bit)

I had this same issue and after searching the internet over and over nothing seemed to work. Then I noticed the version's being referenced and that the the numbers were off for the version of Ubuntu 2.4.X installed but required 2.6.11??! Pretty fishy!!! So on a very wild shot in the dark and feeling like it was this or a re install I downloaded the latest kernel set and installed it ...POOF issue gone!. I am including a link to the kernel repo. make sure you grab all 3 files of whatever your going with (Master Header, Headers, and image..master header will be the top file in the group). Put all three in there own folder and run a batch dpkg install from the folder. That way the packages are installed in the proper order. Reboot right after, oh and dont get scared and start reading about the patch files... That is only if you are going to compile your own kernel. Not a complicated process like some will have you think.
Kernel Repository


Why does the XFORCEVESA command throw me onto the command line?

As a solution to your immediate problem you can use nomodeset in your boot options instead of xforcevesa.

I'd also report your problems to the xorg bug list: https://bugs.launchpad.net/xorg and upstream at https://bugs.freedesktop.org/describecomponents.cgi?product=xorg making sure to give the reports as much information about your hardware as possible.

You might be asked to try out the updated xorg/drivers and you can find some of these available here: https://launchpad.net/~xorg-edgers/+archive/ppa which will upgrade various things to their latest versions.


Is there a way to boot into grub on a mac rather then OSX?

This post at glandium.org might be of interest:

  Debian EFI mode boot on a Macbook Pro, without rEFIt,

as bigbadonk420 pointed out in a comment

This worked for me.


No, but essentially what you want is a keylogger and based on the text file it creates to store what is logged you can count the letters in the log. But...it probably will register capital letters as 1 key. See How can I install a keylogger software? for examples. Log the strokes and then do these examples to count them


Has the Ambiance theme been ported to GNOME Shell?

No, there is no official port of the Ambiance theme to the GNOME Shell yet. A third party theme can be found here, but it doesn't work with GNOME 3.2.


Can preseed automatically install Debian system with separate boot disk

I believe you can use multiple disks with LVM, which you appear to plan to use.  From the available documentation

When using the "lvm" autopartioning method, specific options are recognized in
the recipe. Those enable multiple disks to be partitioned at once

I found this blog post that shares a full example config using /dev/sda and /dev/sdb
d-i partman-auto/method string lvm

# These options remove any existing LVM and deploy a new system
# Without all of these set like this you can end up with errors
# when you try to reinstall a machine with existing volume groups
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true

d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string                         \
      pvs ::                                                  \
              20480 750000 750000 ext4                        \
                      $primary{ }                             \
                      method{ lvm }                           \
                      device{ /dev/sda }                      \
                      vg_name{ system }                       \
              .                                               \
              1000000 1000000000 1000000000 ext4              \
                      $primary{ }                             \
                      method{ lvm }                           \
                      device{ /dev/sdb }                      \
                      vg_name{ data }                         \
              .                                               \
      system ::                                               \
              20480 20498 5000000 ext4                        \
                      $lvmok{ }                               \
                      lv_name{ root }                         \
                      method{ format } format{ }              \
                      use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 }    \
                      mountpoint{ / }                         \
                      in_vg{ system }                         \
              .                                               \
              2048 2050 8192 linux-swap                       \
                      $lvmok{ }                               \
                      lv_name{ swap }                         \
                      method{ swap } format{ }                \
                      in_vg{ system }                         \
              .                                               \
      data ::                                                 \
              1000000 1000009 -1  ext4                        \
                      $lvmok{ }                               \
                      lv_name{ var }                          \
                      method{ format } format{ }              \
                      use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 }    \
                      mountpoint{ /data }                     \
                      in_vg{ data }                           \
              .                                               \
              100000 100001 500000 ext4                       \
                      $lvmok{ }                               \
                      lv_name{ datasnapshots }                \
                      \$defaultignore                         \
                      in_vg{ data }                           \
              .

I have not tried this myself.


How do I make a drive write-protected or read-only in linux?

You can create an entry for this partition in  /etc/fstab and specify it read-only( ro ).
It will automatically mount your partition (unless noauto is specified) as read-only when you start your system.

General format of /etc/fstab file is:

file_system   mount_point   type  options     dump  pass

Suppose your Windows partition in  /dev/sad1 and you want to automatically mount is on /media/Windows (with read-only permission)  .

open /etc/fstab in gedit using     gksudo gedit /etc/fstab
Now append following lines in it

#Mount Windows partition as read-only
/dev/sda1  /media/Windows   ntfs  ro,suid,dev,noexec,auto,user,async  0 0

Note: If you want to prevent the auto mounting of partition during boot, you can replace auto option with noauto.

For more detail, see Community Help Wiki


Error while trying to install any Linux version (Ubuntu, Ubuntu Budgie, Solus GNOME, etc.)

BIOS
Asus ROG STRIX B450-F GAMING
You have BIOS version xxxx.
The current BIOS is version 3103, from 6/23/2020, and can be downloaded from here.
Note: Confirm that I have the correct web page for your motherboard.
Note: Have good backups before updating the BIOS.
overclock
If your CPU or RAM are overclocked, set them back to default.
Ryzen vs memory
Ryzen processors are notorious for memory compatibility problems.
Go to https://www.memtest86.com/ and download/run their free memtest to test your memory. Get at least one complete pass of all the 4/4 tests to confirm good memory. This may take many hours to complete.
If memtest freezes, or has errors, contact me BEFORE trying any troubleshooting on your own.
CPU Support List: https://www.asus.com/Motherboards/ROG-STRIX-B450-F-GAMING/HelpDesk_CPU/
Memory Support List: https://www.asus.com/Motherboards/ROG-STRIX-B450-F-GAMING/HelpDesk_QVL/
User's Manual: https://www.asus.com/Motherboards/ROG-STRIX-B450-F-GAMING/HelpDesk_Manual/


Open terminal and type:

yasm --help

  YASM consists of the yasm command, libyasm, the core backend library, and a large number of modules. Currently, libyasm and the loadable modules are statically built into the yasm executable.


You're asking this in a place where almost all of us use Ubuntu instead of Windows as our main operating system. The obvious answer is: yes.

You cannot simply install Microsoft Office and Photoshop as their programming is for Windows (or Mac). However you can install a "virtual" install of Windows under something called VirtualBox. This is like running a small computer inside of Ubuntu and it'll give you access to everything you need from Windows. Because you're running two operating systems at once you need a slightly beefier computer to get away with this.

There is also a compatibility layer called Wine that allows you to install Windows software. This often gives better performance applications with a lower resource overhead but this is traded against software support; not everything will run and what does might be buggy. You can check specific applications on http://appdb.winehq.org

Then there's alternative software. OpenOffice and GIMP are often touted as the open-source alternatives for MS Office and Photoshop. In my opinion OpenOffice will get the job done for most things. GIMP is also fine but if you're using advanced features in Photoshop, you'll probably miss a lot.

You should also consider perhaps moving certain tasks onto the web. For most of my word processing and spreadsheets, I now use Google Docs. It's completely cross platform and has some nice collaborative features. It's not as powerful as OpenOffice or MS Office but I don't need it to be.

I personally need Photoshop for my work (I'm a web developer when I'm not answering questions here) and I use VirtualBox to run a Windows XP install when I need it.


how to create a regex string where you don't know what to escape

Just escape it before calling sed:

hash=$(openssl passwd -1 -salt $salt $1 | sed 's|/|\\/|g')
sed -e "s|root:.*:0:0:|root:$hash:0:0:|" './test/etc/passwd'

But that will break if your hash contains ", or \, as well as if it contains & since sed will read that as "whatever was matched" when the & is present on the right hand side of the substitution operator. So you'll need to escape those as well:

hash=$(openssl passwd -1 -salt $salt $1 | sed -E 's|(["/\@])|\\\1|g')
sed -e "s|root:.*:0:0:|root:$hash:0:0:|" './test/etc/passwd'

Finally, if your hash contains : that will break the whole thing since that can't be escaped given that it's a separator in the passwd file. So I would add a test for that:

if [[ "$hash" =~ /:/ ]];
then
    echo "Invalid password! Choose another"
    exit
fi


Apache tomcat 7.0.29 performs very slow on Ubuntu server 12.04

You first need to determine what is the root-cause of things running slowly.

I suggest to strace the apache process like this:

First, determine the process id of the parent apache process by running:

$ ps axu | grep apache | grep root

The first number in the output (2nd field) should list the process-id.   Output example:

root  9446  0.0  0.0 255620 15124 ?  Ss  Aug02 0:06 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start

Now strace the process and its children processes like this:

$ sudo strace -f -p 9446 -T

(make sure to replace the process id 9446 by your actual process id as revealed by the 1st command.)

The output will list all system calls followed by the time it took them to complete.  It should make it very clear where are you spending your time or getting stuck.  Please note that system calls that are blocking by nature, like select or accept would normally block until an external event occurs, so they are expected to not return immediately and take longer to complete.

You can also add -o filename to strace in order to save the output in a file for later inspection.

Sometimes hardware issues cause things to run slowly.  Inspect /var/log/syslog for any hint of a hardware problem, also running ifconfig -a  or  netstat -i  should make it clear if you're having network errors, ethernet collisions, or retransmissions which are often caused by faulty cables or network equipment.

HTH.


The question and answer for Is it possible to use the 'screen' command to work with files on an encrypted home directory? helped me understand why this might be happening: being logged in via screen with ssh doesn't tell Ubuntu that you're still using the system and so after a while (overnight in my case) the encrypted home directory gets unmounted, so Vim can't save files it had open in screens, and the working directory on the command prompt becomes (unreachable).

I know that the problem goes away if I have an NX session logged in. NX might be described as screen for GUI; I just start an NX session and disconnect it (letting it run the background), and can continue using ssh/screen indefinitely. Not elegant or ideal but I use NX occasionally so it worked for me.

The linked question also suggests deleting the empty file in /home/.ecryptfs/$USER/.ecryptfs/auto-umount. This might help if you don't use NX.


Okay I've solved my problem.  I took the generic MailScanner files listed as "Version 4.84.5-2 for Solaris / BSD / Other Linux / Other Unix" and run the install.sh provided.

I then pulled down the init.d file for Debian Linux package. I had to tweak the init.d file and run update-rc.d a bit.  Once that was done I followed the instructions from here and tweaked the paths and permissions as needed.

Mail is going in and out with no errors recorded in /var/log/mail.err.
Received mail has what looks to be the correct MailScanner message inserted in the header.


Problem installing on computer with SATA-harddrive

It's quite likely that your HDD has leftovers of a RAID configuration, you can do something like this (on terminal)

  sudo dmraid -rE

see some reference here


Restarting update manager after freezing!

I have taken the following steps to solve the condition:

sudo pkill saucy

This will kill the process named saucy which has frozen. Then there would be a need to reconfigure the downloaded packages. To do this:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

There may be some packages which might have downloaded but not installed. To install them, do the following:

sudo apt-get upgrade

Finally, it might be possible that your system has actually not detected the upgrade (Well, strange things happen with computers!). Therefore to alleviate this problem run:

sudo apt-get -y dist-upgrade


Why doesn't my CPU downclock when idling?

What do you mean with "but when i change it on the freq scaling on Unity, it get back to 2.5"?

Have you triedecho "ondemand" | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor? This would normally save your last used power mode too. Other available power-mode-options are available with cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors.


That looks like the Ubuntu Gnome logo to me:

What does the new logo of Ubuntu GNOME mean?

Maybe you installed Ubuntu Gnome on the side?  Not sure how to put it back, but removing the packages may help.


From https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1515890 which has identical symptoms indicates that you need to install cryptsetup.

sudo apt-get install cryptsetup


How to view recently opened media files?

Open Nautilus (files) and look at the top left of the window it says "recent", click this


How do I copy files and change directory read/write permissions using the GUI?

You can copy files within the GUI using the Nautilus file manager (now called "Files") built into Ubuntu.

As far as using a GUI to change file permissions the only program I've found is called Eiciel. I've never used the program and can not vouch for it.

Here's a screenshot from the Developer's page:


I assume you are not using Jack audio server, but common Alsa:

Problem should probably be this line, which tells MOC to use default Alsa device (which is probably the internal sound card):

AlsaDevice              = default

Solution #1:
Change your Alsa default device every time you insert your USB audio stuff. That is nicely mentioned at Alsa FAQ page: http://alsa.opensrc.org/FAQ026
This can perhaps be scripted using udev (but that's another question I guess)

Solution #2:
Create second config file for MOC with different setting of AlsaDevice variable and everytime you run MOC, setup which config to use with --config $FILE. But I am not sure how to set properly AlsaDevice setting in MOC


'waiting for network connection' error on boot

There is a bug report with some proposals how to overcome the issue.

bug 811441

good luck


How to automatically mount a partition or drive on program launch?

First get the device identifier for the Windows partition. Open a terminal window, maximize it and run:

sudo blkid -olist

Take note of the value on the device column for the Windows partition which contains the music. (This can be of the form /dev/sda2 for example.)

Run the following:

cd  && mkdir bin

Then open gedit and type (or copy-paste) the following for Ubuntu versions < 13.10 (I think)

#!/bin/sh

udisks --mount /dev/sdXY
banshee --redirect-log --play-enqueued $@

for versions >= 13.10, use this instead:

#!/bin/sh

udisksctl mount -b /dev/sdXY
banshee --redirect-log --play-enqueued $@

To be sure just check which of the packages udisks or udisks2 is installed. You can check this with the command apt-cache policy <packagename>, or just try running udisks or udisksctl and see the response (if the command is available it should print a help message).

Where /dev/sdXY is the value you got for your Windows partition. Save it in /home/your-username/bin as banshee-script

Open the file /home/your-username/.bashrc in gedit and add the line:

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

to the end of the file.

Now copy and paste into a terminal:

chmod +x ~/bin/banshee-script
mkdir ~/.local/share/applications
cp  /usr/share/applications/banshee.desktop  ~/.local/share/applications
gedit  ~/.local/share/applications/banshee.desktop

Press Enter. Substitute the Exec= line with:

Exec=/home/your-username/bin/banshee-script %U

Save it, reboot and try running Banshee (from the Dash) without mounting the Windows partition.

Remark

It might be the case that you've set your Music folder to be /media/your-username/windows-partition/path/to/music. So you should go to Banshee's preferences and reset it to /media/windows-partition/path/to/music, then rescan your library (Tools > Rescan Music Library).


timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 gives unexpected behavior

Updated :
That will solved with,

sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 --adjust-system-clock


How to upgrade from rabbitvcs 0.15 to 0.16?

Open a terminal and add the PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:rabbitvcs/ppa

Now, update the sources by:

sudo apt-get update

Install it with;

sudo apt-get install «packages»

where package:

rabbitvcs-nautilus3 for the Nautilus 3.x extension
rabbitvcs-nautilus for the Nautilus 2.x extension
rabbitvcs-thunar for the Thunar extensions
rabbitvcs-gedit for the GEdit extension
rabbitvcs-cli for the command line launchers

There are no packages for Ubuntu 15.04 in the PPA. If you are using 15.04, follow the instructions given in How to install RabbitVCS on Ubuntu 15.04? to install rabbitvcs.


how to zip two files using 7zip via command line option

To install 7z archiver as a command line utility, You need to install the p7zip-full package.  To install, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get install p7zip-full

After both p7zip and p7zip-full are installed, you will see the following three command line utilities installed in your Linux box :

7z uses plugins to handle archives.
7za is a stand-alone executable. 7za handles fewer archive formats than 7z, but does not need any others.
7zr is a stand-alone executable. 7zr handles fewer archive formats than 7z, but does not need any others. 7zr is a "light-version" of 7za that only handles 7z archives.

Source IBM


Can't install ndiswrapper commons from the cd

I got around this by opening the cd up in the file finder and searching for a the packages needed and I went to the command line and did a su dpkg -i .deb and it complains about dependencies find and install those and If everything is as it should be it won't complain at any point about packages not being configured properly. Normally in the past I would add the installation cd as a source in the Sources program.  But that method doesn't seem to function as it had in the past.


Ubuntu 14.04 Intel Graphics Dual / Extended Monitors

The problem is that your connection to the external monitors is through a DisplayPort connection to the docking device. The dock is using a single DisplayPort connection to provide both monitors over a single channel. To do this, it is using Multi-Stream Transport (MST), which is not yet well supported in Linux and Xorg.

Until the Hardware Enablement Stack for 14.04 becomes available after 14.10 is released, you won't be able to use the feature with the standard kernel and Xorg packages.

Options until a kernel and Xorg are available via normal channels on 14.04 that include this support, are to use a PPA which contains the back-ports of the necessary versions (assuming that the hardware you have is supported in the newer versions already), or compile your own packages.


Fast (twice in <1s) pressing of the same key on keyboard is not recognized correctly. What can it be?

I had the same problem. Its with the key board.

This is called filter keys. you have to uncheck this function, this function does not recognize multiple strikes of same key in continuance.

Press shift 5 times, you will either 1) get a window of sticky keys. press 'settings'and uncheck filter keys or, 2) see a small clock on the lower right hand side of your screen, click on that and it will open sticky keys window and rest follow the same as in 1). and you are done :)

Let me know if it helps !! :)


enter these commands,

Grub rescue> set boot=(hd0,msdos6)
Grub rescue> set prefix=(hd0,msdos6)/boot/grub
Grub rescue> insmod normal
Grub rescue> normal

this will allow you to login. Once you logged in run the commands in the terminal,

sudo grub-update
sudo grub-install /dev/sda

and you should be done


Detailed tutorial for Quickly and python for app development?

For development using quickly i would recommend these documentation:

Pygtk 3 documentation - for understanding the glade objects
Python 2.7 documentation - for the code
For making a gui (explore this site a bit)


Which file is called or event is fired when we plug-in / plug-out power supply to the laptop?

When you plug in/out the AC adapter, the scripts in /etc/pm/power.d get called with an argument: "true" (if you run on battery), or "false" (if you run with the power adapter).

As far as I know the only package that ships with a "power.d" script that does what you say is powernap-common, specifically its file: /etc/pm/power.d/cpu_frequency. Therefore the first thing to do would be to remove that file.

Anyhow, the default scaling governor in Ubuntu is ondemand, not performance. The ondemand governor is set by /etc/init.d/ondemand during boot. So you may either modify (or replace) /etc/init.d/ondemand or add a new script to /etc/pm/power.d in order to set the performance governor.

New script to /etc/pm/power.d

So I suggest you to create a new file /etc/pm/power.d/frequency-scaling with the following contents:

#!/bin/sh
set -e
for f in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor
do
    echo performance > "$f"
done

The give it executable permissions:

# chmod +x /etc/pm/power.d/frequency-scaling

Modify /etc/init.d/ondemand

Just open /etc/init.d/ondemand and replace all occurrences of ondemand and interactive with performance.

Notes about performance

You probably already know, but I must add that the performance scaling governor will make your CPU run always at the highest frequency. This means that often your computer will consume more power than required and will heat more than it should.

Instead, interactive/_ondemand_ gives you both speed and power saving.


Linking problems after updating to 11.10

It seemed as though all of the requisite .o files were installed but the ppa version of gcc 4.6 I had was looking in the wrong place for them. Reinstalling all of the packages from the official oneric repo's solved the problem.

Make sure you have access to the correct repositories then:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall binutils
sudo apt-get install --reinstall build-essential
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libc6-dev
sudo apt-get install --reinstall gcc-4.6
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libboost1.46-all-dev


FAT32 max partition size - 2TB  says https://www.partitionwizard.com/partitionmanager/fat32-partition-size-limit.html

FAT32 is not recommended for use with large drives, since Ubuntu can easily and reliably access NTFS partitions. If al all possible, I'd suggest making that drive NTFS is sharing drives with Windows is your concern.

If Windows is not in use, ext4 is the popular choice for Ubuntu since it's faster than NTFS but has the journaling which protects you against power failure during a write operation


Well there is no effective solution to this problem. It happens because the graphics back-end of Linux--the X window system--is very old software and was not built with this capability. It seems that a new graphics back-end is being developed, but until so, people have resigned to using workarounds.

The workaround

You can run the game in an X window other than the desktop's, and change between one and the other with the X window hotkeys, that go from ControlAltF1..F9 (or so it seems).

To open a new X window, you can follow these steps:

Press ControlAltF1
Run xinit -- :1. This will open a new X window in display :1 (your desktop is currently addressed with display :0). You will be now taken to a black screen, with a small white terminal.
Now run ck-launch-session, this will enable audio.
Optionally you can use the setxkbmap program to use your keyboard settings in the new window, but you'll have to look into that yourself. I use setxkbmap -layout "us" -variant "altgr-intel", but that's me.
Now run your game through the terminal.

You can return to your desktop pressing ControlAltF7
You can return to your game pressing ControlAltF8


I got the answer from Alaswadi Khd. It is very helpful and straightforward·

System Setting → Keyboard Layout → then you can add the using + any language.
Click on Arabic → Option → Keys to change Layout → Select Alt+xxx.

You're done.

With Alt+xxx you will be able to shift the direction.

With Ctrl+Alt you will able to shift the language.


Ubuntu 15.10 borked my Nvidia Optimus xorg setup

Answering my own question, it seems 15.10 upgrade re-installed bumblebee perhaps other things which are no longer needed (breaks things) for my nvidia optimus setup.

I now have

no nvidia packages
xserver-xorg-video-nouveau drivers installed (cant be removed anyway)
no nvidia-prime (via aptitude purge)
no bumblebee    (via aptitude purge)
no xorg.conf at all, which is a bit strange

This boots and I can see each graphics card is working, test with

DRI_PRIME=0 glxgears
DRI_PRIME=1 glxgears

You can see that the nvidia card has rendering issues, but the Intel one works ok.

Its pretty crashy, seems sleep breaks more regularly and the system freezes every now and again, but it turns on.

An I have that warm feeling you get from using open source drivers. :)

Moral of the story is don't buy hardware with nvidia optimus.

N.B. Don't trust the information in Ubuntu's  Software & Updates > Additional Drivers tab.  I don't know where that info comes from or how it configures the system but it breaks things with Optimus.  You loose the whole desktop if something goes wrong with graphics drivers so a GUI on configuring graphics drivers is a silly idea!  I used aptitude/dpkg and deleted a few files relaveted to nvidia and bumblebee that aptitude purge had missed.


Dual boot (Windows 10 + Ubuntu) - SSD+HDD - How to allocate more space from HDD

I doubt you will need 300GB for software. Almost certainly most of that will be needed for data. The simplest way to get more space on your system is to add a Linux partition (ext4 is a good format to use) to the HDD. Looks like you have about 200GB unallocated. You can use Gparted to make and format that partition. Then you add a new mount point somewhere like /data and add an entry to /etc/fstab to mount the new partition at boot time.
Alternatively you may be able to shrink your windows partition on the SSD and expand the Ubuntu partition. This is not too difficult to do but you may not be able to give up enough space from Windows.
There are plenty of detailed answers on Ask Ubuntu and on the wider internet about how to do these things but if you get stuck ask another question. Good luck with your course!


Boot ubuntu 12.04 in 3D - nomodeset quiet splash install

I tried updating from 12.04 to 12.10 and it turns out that my hardware does not have 3D support for running the unity environment.

Here is the link I was directed to around the Unity 3D issue.


Blurry printed raster images with Brother MFC-8840D

You're running the cups service on a different computer from the desktop, right?

I think that this is a problem with the media resolution settings, either the settings are not available for you to select or have been defined so as to increase the communication speed with the printer.

I can't find anything in the ppd that relates, so perhaps it's time to contact Brother and ask them about the issue.

http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/index.html


How to make update manager stop nagging about a new release?

Open Update Manages and click on Settings .

Go to Updates tab and change 'Show new distribution releases' to never.


How to display the application output in the application output pane in MonoDevelop?

You may have figured this out by now, but I was having the same problems and figured I'd post for anyone else who might come looking.

Unchecking the "Run on external console" option worked for me, but as the Application Output window seems to be auto-hidden by default, I had to open it by clicking or hovering over " ▶ Application Output" in the bottom right corner. Once open, running the project again, e.g. with F5, will close the output box. To keep it open, click on the little "Dock" button next to the close button.

See image below for a screenshot.


How to fix incorrect "Show Applications" button icon?

The problem fixed itself. I don't know what exactly triggered it, but maybe it was about updating the system. All I ran was sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade. So if anyone else faces this problem, updating might be worth a shot.


My computer is running hotter then usual? Do I need to install something?

I would recommend fixing the pcie aspm kernel power regression (instructions at http://www.webupd8.org/2011/06/linux-kernel-power-issue-fix.html) and applying the tweaks at (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/PowerManagement/PowerSavingTweaks). These helped me a lot personally.

Also make sure you have a proprietary graphics driver installed; open-source drivers don't work as well.

If things are still running hot, maybe use a lighter desktop environment such as Xfce.


How do I change default session on Ubuntu 11.04 Live CD

OP accepted this comment as an answer:

  Uninstall Unity, Ubuntu will default to the Classic Session


Are there any good alternatives to GarageBand available?

I know it's a bit too late, but for future users, Ardour seems to be the best option, there's a free and paid version and it is available in Ubuntu's repo, you can install it via

sudo apt install ardour


You don't specify your version, I'll assume you're on 14.04.

There's a package called mount in trusty: http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/mount

Try to open a terminal and enter sudo apt-get update;sudo apt-get install mount.

If all else fails, you can download the package here and install it manually using dpkg -i mount_2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20_i386.deb.


How to check if my Ubuntu is placed on SSD?

Dude, where's my root?

First of all we need to know on what disk your root filesystem  is located ( in other words , what device houses your Ubuntu. One way is with df.

$ df / -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1       110G   58G   48G  55% /

Great ! I now know that my Ubuntu is placed onto /dev/sda disk, which is 110 GB in size ( and the other 10 GB are used for something else). Not enough info ? OK, how about this:

$ sudo lshw -short -C disk
[sudo] password for xieerqi:
H/W path         Device     Class          Description
======================================================
/0/1/0.0.0       /dev/sda   disk           120GB Radeon R7
/0/2/0.0.0       /dev/sdb   disk           500GB TOSHIBA MQ01ABF0

Oh, Radeon R7 ! that's my SSD ! But wait . . .

What if you have two disks that are the same size and the same manufacturer?

Well, disks have this very interesting bit of information - how fast they rotate, and as we know SSD disks don't rotate.

$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda | grep 'Rotation Rate'
[sudo] password for xieerqi:
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device

Looks about right ?

Side-note: the smartmontools may need to be installed in order to use smartctl command.

For more info, read this post on Unix and Linux stackexchange site

Additional update:

There's one more method , as described here. Each drive has corresponding directory in /sys/class/block/ directory, and by doing

cat /sys/class/block/DEVICE_NAME/queue/rotational

you will get either 1 for hard drive or 0 for ssd. This approach is very convenient for usage in scripts

In fact, that's apparently the same approach that lsblk uses:

$ lsblk -o NAME,ROTA
NAME   ROTA
sda       0
└─sda1    0
sdb       1
├─sdb1    1
├─sdb2    1
├─sdb3    1
├─sdb4    1
├─sdb5    1
└─sdb6    1


Non working microphone with smartphone headset

Alsa-Mixer is the solution to the problem.
After I installed it I raised the volume on the Dock Mic (the first one that says Dock Mic) and it worked.


ikec causes high cpu usage when started as background process

I had the same Problem.

As u mentioned the high CPU usage only appears when running ikec in background.

My solution for this is using GNU Screen.

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y screen

sudo screen -S "ikecl1702" -d -m ikec -r l1702 -u user -p password -a

This will run ikec in the background with a pseudo tty


Let's create a test function that sends some output to both stdout and stderr:

$ cmd() { echo 1 on stdout; echo 2 on stderr >&2; echo 3 on stdout; echo 4 on stderr >&2; }

Running it we see:

$ cmd
1 on stdout
2 on stderr
3 on stdout
4 on stderr

Now, we want to send the stdout to a file, and the stderr to both the file and the screen. For this we use a simple redirection for stdout, and for stderr we redirect into a process substitution that appends to the file and sends the output back to stderr:

$ cmd > cmd.out 2> >( tee -a cmd.out >&2 )
2 on stderr
4 on stderr

$ cat cmd.out
1 on stdout
3 on stdout
2 on stderr
4 on stderr

I do not know of a way to keep the chronological order of the intermixed stdout and stderr messages.


Even with ACLs, a user can only access a directory if they can access every path component, so here access to /home/mr_blue/shared_dir requires access to all of /, /home, /homr/mr_blue, and /home/mr_blue/shared_dir. Write access is not needed to parent directories of course, since the user does not need to write in them, only read and execute (browse).

If mr_blue does not wish to give access to /home/mr_blue, the shared directory must be created elsewhere on the system, as a subdirectory of a directory that both users can access. Access to the directory can of course be restricted to those two users only (and root). The users can also create a symbolic link to it in their home directory for easy access, if they wish


Disappearing mouse cursor, when upgrading from 15.10 to 16.04 LTS

Ctrl+Alt+F1 then Ctrl +Alt+F7 brings the cursor back on my system. It's not a fix, but it doesn't close your apps.


Only one GPL tool is known to be able of hot transfer of Linux file-systems:
Mondo Rescue


I am facing exactly the same problem. After some fiddling around, now I seem to have reached an even worse situation where after every few seconds I get asked to install the Hangouts plugin. I've done this repeatedly but to no avail.


Gnome Terminal Emulator intercepting function keys

If you don't want to redefine the gnome terminal keyboard shortcuts, you can use another terminal emulator,for example good old xterm.

xterm -e htop

or if you want a larger font for example

xterm -fa default -fs 12 -e htop


How do I dmake Synaptics touchpad feel more like on Windows?

Kubuntu 18.04 LTS user here.  I've had similar problems. I expect what follows will apply to regular Ubuntu also.

Out of the box Ubuntu uses libinput for its touchpad control.  libinput only has one setting for the pointer speed: the acceleration setting. The older Synaptics driver has minimum speed, maximum speed and acceleration.

I'm using a Huawei Matebook X Pro and found libinput's default pointer speed on the touchpad to be very slow.  I had to increase the acceleration to speed up normal movement but then any quick movement was over-accelerated.

WARNING! This can disable all input: Installing package xserver-xorg-input-synaptics-hwe-18.04 installs the Synaptics driver and it automatically overrides the libinput driver.  I have seen a problem where some Ubuntu updates can break libinput so both the touchpad and the keyboard stop working.  (Perhaps there's a better way to install or configure the Synaptics that avoids this problem.)

If you install Synaptics this way I strongly recommend you have a way to rollback.  I use Timeshift. After a bad update I booted from a Live Linux USB and used Timeshift to rollback, then reboot, uninstall xserver-xorg-input-synaptics-hwe-18.04, install OS updates and finally re-install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics-hwe-18.04.

Extra info

Low-level touchpad settings can be seen by running xinput list to find the ID of your touchpad, then run xinput list-props <device ID>. Change a setting with xinput set-prop <device ID> <property ID> <value>.

The Synaptics driver also has "coasting"/"kinetic scroll" which libinput will never support.


GRUB nomodeset and purple screen of death

That error appears because when you are in a live session you are not interacting with your installed system, so you can't make changes like that in the usual way.

However, you can chroot into your installation to update grub, as explained in this answer

You need to know what your root and boot partitions are called. If you need to find out either use gparted or use output from

sudo blkid

and/or

sudo fdisk -l

And assume your root partition is the biggest one showing type=ext4 (we'll check this later). Your boot partition should show type=vfat or fat32 or be marked as boot partition. If you don't have a boot partition, you don't need to mount it.

Now mount the partitions. Here I assume the partitions you identified are dev/sda1 for boot and dev/sda2 for root. Replace the names as needed.

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

Now check you got the right partition with

ls /mnt

If you see what you'd expect to find in / eg  lib etc bin sys var proc... then you got it right, so continue:

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc

Now change the mounted partition to root:

sudo chroot /mnt

Now edit /etc/default/grub as before to take out those parameters you added. Now you can

sudo update-grub

And

exit
sudo umount /mnt/dev
sudo umount /mnt/sys
sudo umount /mnt/proc
sudo umount /mnt/boot
sudo umount /mnt

And reboot!


New kernel broke the USB cameras on Ubuntu Desktop 16.04

The problem was the librealsense, that perform a patch on the uvc driver at installation. I just uninstalled the realsense packages, and it started working immediately.


Tmux doesn't render some symbols properly

Solved it by adding the following to my .bashrc

export LC_ALL=en_IN.UTF-8
export LANG=en_IN.UTF-8


How to block, deny or redirect an IP address or website domain

iptables is helpful if it is only a few ip / domain names.

With iptables you can restrict based on user, group, and/or time although to do so you need to use the OUTPUT table. So to allow root, and a group "web", use

# this allows root for things such as apt-get
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner root -j ACCEPT

# this allows users of the group web
# create a group, web, and add users to it to allow access
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner web -j ACCEPT

# These two rules allow access to port 80 and 443 over the lunch hour
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 80,443 -m time --timestart 12:00 --timestop 13:00 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 80,443 -j DROP

But as your needs grow more complex, it is helpful to use proxies. For example you can use privoxy (and others) for adblock. Squid adds in filtering and more complex rules (acl or access control lists), but is likely over kill for a home user.

You then make the proxy transparent with iptables

# This allows root
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner root -j ACCEPT

# This allows privoxy, which serves as adblock
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m owner --uid-owner privoxy -j ACCEPT

# this blocks direct access to ports 80 to all other users
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP

# This allows squid to access privoxy (I think squid runs as "proxy")
#sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -p tcp --dport 8118 -m owner --uid-owner proxy -j ACCEPT

# this rule blocks other users from direct access to privoxy
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -p tcp --dport 8118 -j DROP

# Redirect all outgoing traffic on port 80 to squid listening on port 3128
sudo iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m owner ! --uid-owner privoxy -j REDIRECT --to-port 3128

Now you install and configure privoxy and squid

Ubuntu server guide squid

Ubuntu wiki privoxy

The problem with this method is you then need to install squidguard, configure squid, etc, which would be a long post and better suited to a larger LAN.


Ubuntu 13.04 running really slow and Hanging

Maybe you installed something from development repository? Check these tips. If you really did this, try this solution to revert to stable and security updates. Note that you have to edit the file corresponding to your release name.


Problem in creating all default directories while adding a new user account in Ubuntu 12.04?

sudo adduser <username>

Try that instead of useradd.

Make sure it's on

sudo sed -i s/enabled=False/enabled=True/g /etc/xdg/user-dirs.conf


Restarting KODI is easy! All you have to do is kill the KODI process, and it'll start back up on its own.

    $> sudo kill -s 9 `ps aux | grep -v grep | grep kodi | awk '{print $2}'`

That's it!


What happens if you do the gedit ~/.xprofile command - without sudo ?
It worked for me, on Ubuntu 14.04, with i915 chipset graphics on SyncMaster 765MB - but with .xprofile in my regular user homedir - my added resolution is 1152x864 with 75 Hz refresh rate ....


Had a similar problem: it is a Bios issue. try THIS and specifically look at "Turning off USB 3.0 legacy mode in the BIOS worked for me"
if it does not work try manipulating other usb settings.


How to run a Java awt Hedless program in a server environment?

Installing ubuntu-desktop is not enough.
The problem is that, in this context, the program is run outside of an X server.

You could try to declare the DISPLAY variable before calling it, making it use your (newly installed) X server... but you'll probably have permission issues.
This would look like: export DISPLAY=:0.0, which is the default (but is not set when you access the computer from the console).

You can look here for details on what the DISPLAY variable is and how to set it:
What is $DISPLAY environment variable

EDIT: from your additional info in the question, it seems your server is actually using "display 0", and then export DISPLAY=:0.0 should work. The reason why it doesn't is probably due to access rights - you need to log into X to be able to display anything on it. That's what I meant when talking about permissions.

Recommended solution

Another (probably better) way to deal with it and that I've used a long time ago, is to use a virtual X server like Xvfb (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xvfb)
It acts as a X server, but performs no operations. Then your application should be happy with it. It's actually one of the use cases listed on the Wikipedia entry for it.

To use it, you need to do the following:

sudo apt-get install xvfb
xvfb-run [your command]

One word of caution though: there may be a reason for your programs to want an X server. It may actually need some level of user interaction through it, and if that is the case, not being able to see what's going on will make the program useless...

I'd recommend looking for information with the program's maker, or other users of this program, rather than the Ubuntu community.


I think , your OS it's not compatible for that chrome , i mean maybe that chrome is 32 bit and you was install google-chrome with 64 bit .

If you want to know more about google-chrome-stable visit this link :

https://www.ubuntuupdates.org/google-chrome-stable


Stick or Disk to upgrade from 16.04 to 18.04

Some magazines (Example Linux Format) include DVD that can be used.

https://shop.ubuntu.com/ do not have USB sticks any more.


Unable to install anything on Ubuntu server 16.04.3 (openssh for example)

You need to tell apt where to look for updates (on the net). That means you need to add sources to your /etc/apt/sources.list.

You can have that file generated by this site here, f.ex.; https://repogen.simplylinux.ch/

Alternatively you can search "ask ubuntu", there are plenty of question about sources.list, that should be able to help you further.


You are using an extremely old release.  Ubuntu 10.04 is out of LTS support and has been deprecated.  You should be using a newer version.  You can get the latest one here:

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

You can reference the releases and support status of each here:

List of Releases


Samsung series 5 ultra - suspend on lid closing is disabled by kernel

These kernel bug reports are related to your issue:

https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=44161

https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45461

According to the information in those reports, you can temporarily fix your problem by doing the following:

Power the computer down
Remove AC plug
Cut the battery power (it's a small hole on the bottom of the device, hold pressed for 5-10 seconds)
Plug AC power in before you power the device on

However, the problem will return next time you boot Ubuntu until those bugs are fixed.


Command line archive manager / extracter

A couple of suggestions:

unp

unp (available from software-center) is a small perl module that will decompress a wide variety of archives into the current folder.  Use unp -s for the archive formats it supports

By default, it decompresses archives into the current folder.

file-roller

file-roller itself can be run from the command line. Use file-roller -h <archive name> to decompress the archive.


How to set modem ON (Huawei Mobile broadband)

Here's what I did based on this description:

Plug the USB device
Open a terminal, run lsusb:

Bus 001 Device 008: ID 12d1:1c05 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. E173s 3G broadband stick (modem off)

Create a file /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/12d1:1c05
Paste this content:

########################################################
# Huawei E173s

DefaultVendor= 0x12d1
DefaultProduct= 0x1c0b

TargetVendor= 0x12d1
TargetProduct= 0x1c05

CheckSuccess=20

MessageEndpoint= 0x0f
MessageContent=
"55534243123456780000000000000011062000000100000000000000000000"

Add corresponding lines to /lib/udev/rules.d/40-usb_modeswitch.rules with sudo gedit /lib/udev/rules.d/40-usb_modeswitch.rules:

# Huawei E173s
ATTRS{idVendor}=="12d1", ATTRS{idProduct}=="1c05", RUN+="/usr/sbin/usb_modeswitch -c /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/12d1:1c05"

gksudo gedit /etc/modules, and add this:

# manual override for Huawei E173s to work
usbserial vendor=0x12d1 product=0x1c05

Unplug and plug the USB device type lsusb. Now it should be
modem on:

Bus 001 Device 008: ID 12d1:1c05 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. E173s 3G broadband stick (modem on)

Now you should be good to go and able to connect via the GUI:

In case it's still not working, refer to the further steps described here: http://metodiew.com/huawei-e173s-and-ubuntu/

Note:

Your device id may vary 0x1c0b or 0x1c05 (or even something else)


I think there is, but at the moment I can only find reference material on booting by uuid like so: http://grumpymole.blogspot.com/2007/05/ubuntu-how-to-edit-grub-boot-parameters.html  I will update my answer if I run across a label= example

edit:if you want to boot a kernel image off of a specified device i am still at a loss atm, but here's a link for root fs by label: http://www.linuxforums.org/forum/red-hat-fedora-linux/23010-root-label-grub-conf.html

they reference redhat based distros liking this approach and i used to be a redhat guy, so i can't tell you if this is redhat dependent or not.  i go with uuids in my current situations

this guy wrote a patch a LONG time ago: http://osdir.com/ml/boot-loaders.grub.bugs/2004-02/msg00105.html

looks like the invocation is: kernel /PATHTOKERNEL ro root=LABEL=MOUNTPOINT


I can not use ubuntu with the gdm disabled

Stopping gdm does not free the tty that GDM is using.
Instead, ignore GDM and switch TTYs.

CTRL+ALT+F3 (or F4) to reach a tty login.
CTRL+ALT+F1 to return to GDM.


Internal speakers stop working after a few minutes

From the comments...

See Identify element requesting sound chip to sleep

For a temporary fix that will extend the time that the sound will operate...

Edit this file...

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
add the following to the end of the file...

# Turn on power management to keep the sound working a little longer

options snd-hda-intel power_save=1
save the file and quit gedit
reboot


Why can't 'grub-mkconfig_lib` be opened, preventing a kernel upgrade?

I've pasted the content of /usr/share/grub/grub-mkconfig_lib underneath (pastebin was deleted as apparent from comment below). You can download it and place it in appropriate place, then retry.

Also, look for the file /usr/lib/grub/grub-mkconfig_lib. Generally, it's a symbolic link to /usr/share/grub/grub-mkconfig_lib. But do check if the original file is there. If in your case /usr/lib/grub/grub-mkconfig_lib is the original file then open the file /etc/grub.d/10_linux and change its 21st line from datarootdir="${prefix}/share" to datarootdir="${prefix}/lib" then complete the upgrade.

# Helper library for grub-mkconfig
# Copyright (C) 2007,2008,2009,2010  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with GRUB.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

transform="s,x,x,"

prefix="/usr"
exec_prefix="${prefix}"
datarootdir="${prefix}/share"
datadir="${datarootdir}"
bindir="${exec_prefix}/bin"
sbindir="${exec_prefix}/sbin"
pkgdatadir="${datadir}/grub"

if test "x$grub_probe" = x; then
  grub_probe="${sbindir}/`echo grub-probe | sed "${transform}"`"
fi
if test "x$grub_mkrelpath" = x; then
  grub_mkrelpath="${bindir}/`echo grub-mkrelpath | sed "${transform}"`"
fi

if which gettext >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
  :
else
  gettext () {
     printf "%s" "$@"
  }
fi

grub_warn ()
{
  echo "$(gettext "Warning:")" "$@" >&2
}

make_system_path_relative_to_its_root ()
{
  "${grub_mkrelpath}" "$1"
}

is_path_readable_by_grub ()
{
  path="$1"

  # abort if path doesn't exist
  if test -e "$path" ; then : ;else
    return 1
  fi

  # abort if file is in a filesystem we can't read
  if "${grub_probe}" -t fs "$path" > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then : ; else
    return 1
  fi

  # ... or if we can't figure out the abstraction module, for example if
  # memberlist fails on an LVM volume group.
  if abstractions="`"${grub_probe}" -t abstraction "$path"`" 2> /dev/null ; then
      :
  else
    return 1
  fi

  if [ x$GRUB_CRYPTODISK_ENABLE = xy ]; then
      return 0
  fi

  for abstraction in $abstractions; do
      if [ "x$abstraction" = xcryptodisk ]; then
      return 1
      fi
  done

  return 0
}

convert_system_path_to_grub_path ()
{
  path="$1"

  grub_warn "convert_system_path_to_grub_path() is deprecated.  Use prepare_grub_to_access_device() instead."

  # abort if GRUB can't access the path
  if is_path_readable_by_grub "${path}" ; then : ; else
    return 1
  fi

  if drive="`"${grub_probe}" -t drive "$path"`" ; then : ; else
    return 1
  fi

  if relative_path="`make_system_path_relative_to_its_root "$path"`" ; then : ; else
    return 1
  fi

  echo "${drive}${relative_path}"
}

save_default_entry ()
{
  if [ "x${GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT}" = "xtrue" ] ; then
    cat << EOF
savedefault
EOF
  fi
}

prepare_grub_to_access_device ()
{
  device="$1"

  partmap="`"${grub_probe}" --device "${device}" --target=partmap`"
  for module in ${partmap} ; do
    case "${module}" in
      netbsd | openbsd)
        echo "insmod part_bsd";;
      *)
        echo "insmod part_${module}";;
    esac
  done

  loop_file=
  case ${device} in
    /dev/loop/*|/dev/loop[0-9])
      grub_loop_device="${device#/dev/}"
      loop_file=`losetup "${device}" | sed -e "s/^[^(]*(\([^)]\+\)).*/\1/"`
      case $loop_file in
        /dev/*) ;;
        *)
          loop_device="${device}"
          device=`"${grub_probe}" --target=device "${loop_file}"` || return 0
        ;;
      esac
    ;;
  esac

  if dmsetup status $device 2>/dev/null | grep -q 'crypt[[:space:]]$'; then
    grub_warn \
      "$device is a crypto device, which GRUB cannot read directly.  Some" \
      "necessary modules may be missing from /boot/grub/grub.cfg.  You may" \
      "need to list them in GRUB_PRELOAD_MODULES in /etc/default/grub.  See" \
      "http://bugs.debian.org/542165 for details."
    return 0
  fi

  # Abstraction modules aren't auto-loaded.
  abstraction="`"${grub_probe}" --device "${device}" --target=abstraction`"
  for module in ${abstraction} ; do
    echo "insmod ${module}"
  done

  fs="`"${grub_probe}" --device "${device}" --target=fs`"
  for module in ${fs} ; do
    echo "insmod ${module}"
  done

  if [ x$GRUB_CRYPTODISK_ENABLE = xy ]; then
      for uuid in "`"${grub_probe}" --device "${device}" --target=cryptodisk_uuid`"; do
      echo "cryptomount -u $uuid"
      done
  fi

  # If there's a filesystem UUID that GRUB is capable of identifying, use it;
  # otherwise set root as per value in device.map.
  fs_hint="`"${grub_probe}" --device "${device}" --target=compatibility_hint`"
  if [ "x$fs_hint" != x ]; then
    echo "set root='$fs_hint'"
  fi
  if fs_uuid="`"${grub_probe}" --device "${device}" --target=fs_uuid 2> /dev/null`" ; then
    hints="`"${grub_probe}" --device "${device}" --target=hints_string 2> /dev/null`" || hints=
    echo "if [ x\$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then"
    echo "  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ${hints} ${fs_uuid}"
    echo "else"
    echo "  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ${fs_uuid}"
    echo "fi"
  fi

  if [ "x${loop_file}" != x ]; then
    loop_mountpoint="$(awk '"'${loop_file}'" ~ "^"$2 && $2 != "/" { print $2 }' /proc/mounts | tail -n1)"
    if [ "x${loop_mountpoint}" != x ]; then
      echo "loopback ${grub_loop_device} ${loop_file#$loop_mountpoint}"
      echo "set root=(${grub_loop_device})"
    fi
  fi
}

grub_get_device_id ()
{
  device="$1"
  if fs_uuid="`"${grub_probe}" --device "${device}" --target=fs_uuid 2> /dev/null`" ; then
    echo "$fs_uuid";
  else
    echo "$device"
  fi
}

grub_file_is_not_garbage ()
{
  if test -f "$1" ; then
    case "$1" in
      *.dpkg-*) return 1 ;; # debian dpkg
      *.rpmsave|*.rpmnew) return 1 ;;
      README*|*/README*)  return 1 ;; # documentation
    esac
  else
    return 1
  fi
  return 0
}

version_sort ()
{
  case $version_sort_sort_has_v in
    yes)
      LC_ALL=C sort -V;;
    no)
      LC_ALL=C sort -n;;
    *)
      if sort -V </dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1; then
        version_sort_sort_has_v=yes
    LC_ALL=C sort -V
      else
        version_sort_sort_has_v=no
        LC_ALL=C sort -n
      fi;;
   esac
}

version_test_numeric ()
{
  version_test_numeric_a="$1"
  version_test_numeric_cmp="$2"
  version_test_numeric_b="$3"
  if [ "$version_test_numeric_a" = "$version_test_numeric_b" ] ; then
    case "$version_test_numeric_cmp" in
      ge|eq|le) return 0 ;;
      gt|lt) return 1 ;;
    esac
  fi
  if [ "$version_test_numeric_cmp" = "lt" ] ; then
    version_test_numeric_c="$version_test_numeric_a"
    version_test_numeric_a="$version_test_numeric_b"
    version_test_numeric_b="$version_test_numeric_c"
  fi
  if (echo "$version_test_numeric_a" ; echo "$version_test_numeric_b") | version_sort | head -n 1 | grep -qx "$version_test_numeric_b" ; then
    return 0
  else
    return 1
  fi
}

version_test_gt ()
{
  version_test_gt_sedexp="s/[^-]*-//;s/[._-]\(pre\|rc\|test\|git\|old\|trunk\)/~\1/g"
  version_test_gt_a="`echo "$1" | sed -e "$version_test_gt_sedexp"`"
  version_test_gt_b="`echo "$2" | sed -e "$version_test_gt_sedexp"`"
  version_test_gt_cmp=gt
  if [ "x$version_test_gt_b" = "x" ] ; then
    return 0
  fi
  case "$version_test_gt_a:$version_test_gt_b" in
    *.old:*.old) ;;
    *.old:*) version_test_gt_a="`echo -n "$version_test_gt_a" | sed -e 's/\.old$//'`" ; version_test_gt_cmp=gt ;;
    *:*.old) version_test_gt_b="`echo -n "$version_test_gt_b" | sed -e 's/\.old$//'`" ; version_test_gt_cmp=ge ;;
  esac
  dpkg --compare-versions "$version_test_gt_a" "$version_test_gt_cmp" "$version_test_gt_b"
  return "$?"
}

version_find_latest ()
{
  version_find_latest_a=""
  for i in "$@" ; do
    if version_test_gt "$i" "$version_find_latest_a" ; then
      version_find_latest_a="$i"
    fi
  done
  echo "$version_find_latest_a"
}

# One layer of quotation is eaten by "" and the second by
# sed; so this turns ' into \'.  Note that you must use the output of
# this function in a printf format string.

grub_quote () {
  sed "s/'/'\\\\''/g"
}

gettext_quoted () {
  gettext "$@" | grub_quote
}

# Run the first argument through gettext, and then pass that and all
# remaining arguments to printf.  This is a useful abbreviation and tends to
# be easier to type.
gettext_printf () {
  gettext_printf_format="$1"
  shift
  printf "$(gettext "$gettext_printf_format")" "$@"
}

uses_abstraction () {
  device="$1"

  abstraction="`"${grub_probe}" --device "${device}" --target=abstraction`"
  for module in ${abstraction}; do
    if test "x${module}" = "x$2"; then
      return 0
    fi
  done
  return 1
}

print_option_help () {
  if test x$print_option_help_wc = x; then
      if wc -L  </dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1; then
      print_option_help_wc=-L
      elif wc -m  </dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1; then
      print_option_help_wc=-m
      else
      print_option_help_wc=-b
      fi
  fi
  if test x$grub_have_fmt = x; then
      if fmt -w 40  </dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1; then
      grub_have_fmt=y;
      else
      grub_have_fmt=n;
      fi
  fi
  print_option_help_lead="  $1"
  print_option_help_lspace="$(echo "$print_option_help_lead" | wc $print_option_help_wc)"
  print_option_help_fill="$((26 - print_option_help_lspace))"
  printf "%s" "$print_option_help_lead"
  if test $print_option_help_fill -le 0; then
      print_option_help_nl=y
      echo
  else
      print_option_help_i=0;
      while test $print_option_help_i -lt $print_option_help_fill; do
      printf " "
      print_option_help_i=$((print_option_help_i+1))
      done
      print_option_help_nl=n
  fi
  if test x$grub_have_fmt = xy; then
      print_option_help_split="$(echo "$2" | fmt -w 50)"
  else
      print_option_help_split="$2"
  fi
  if test x$print_option_help_nl = xy; then
      echo "$print_option_help_split" | awk \
      '{ print "                          " $0; }'
  else
      echo "$print_option_help_split" | awk 'BEGIN   { n = 0 }
  { if (n == 1) print "                          " $0; else print $0; n = 1 ; }'
  fi
}

grub_fmt () {
  if test x$grub_have_fmt = x; then
      if fmt -w 40 < /dev/null > /dev/null; then
      grub_have_fmt=y;
      else
      grub_have_fmt=n;
      fi
  fi

  if test x$grub_have_fmt = xy; then
      fmt
  else
      cat
  fi
}


Uninstalled python2, but still appears in /usr/bin and in file explorer

The output of file /usr/bin/python and apt list --installed | grep python clearly suggests that Python 2 isn't completely removed. You still have packages that provide Python 2 and its libraries, for example, libpython2.7-stdlib and libpython2.7-minimal. Also, they have been marked for autoremoval since you have no package  that depends on them.
You can remove them using
sudo apt autoremove

If you want to remove the configuration files as well, use --purge option.
sudo apt autoremove --purge


USB thumbdrive is so messed up I can't even delete the problem partition in gparted

Instead of gParted, I'd suggest using Disks in Ubuntu as I have had much better luck with misbehaving USB flash drives with it.

Launch it, then select the LiveUSB, and click on the - button, then create a new partition tabel and partition with its + button.


Pre-owned HDDs are not detected in Ubuntu

dd is "block copy" program, not formatter. Try using

sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

and create single primary partition with n command (then p and accept suggested values). Don't forget to write changes with w before quitting with q. This way fsck will create new Master Boot Record on that disk.

Then comes actual format process of your choice (initiating filesystem), eg. with GUI tool, or something like this:

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 -L MyNewDrive


WWAN support in Lenovo Thinkpad T14 Gen 1

Run lspci and look for cards that looks like a 4G/LTE card. A combination of google and some guesswork is likely needed, as there's many different vendors of such cards.
Many laptops come with sim card slot, but no wwan card. Usually in these cases you can install a wwan card in a slot on the mainboard.


How do I change the "Show Application" logo with an icon?

Workaround by Trail and Error

OS: Ubuntu 19.10
Shell Theme: Yaru

Additional Requirement: User-Themes Gnome Shell Extension.
(gnome-tweaks is also required if gsettings command line dont work for user-theme)

Create a local theme named MyTheme (or any other) ~/.local/share/themes/MyTheme/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css with below content. (create the files if they dont exist)

@import url("/usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/Yaru/gnome-shell.css");

.show-apps .show-apps-icon {
border: none;
background-image: url("file:///home/maduri/1.svg");
background-size: contain;
color: transparent; }

.show-apps:hover .show-apps-icon, .show-apps:active .show-apps-icon, .show-apps:checked .show-apps-icon, .show-apps:focus .show-apps-icon {
color: transparent;
background-image: url("file:///home/maduri/1.svg"); }

change the image path in above content.

Select the "MyTheme" user theme from command line or via gnome-tweaks.

refresh the shell with Alt+F2 r Enter.


See the very detailed instructions here.


UBUNTU installed on USB flashdrive not booting on HP Pavilion DV7 6b00et (Not Llive)

The HP DV7 notebooks are not fully compatible with Linux, especially the AMD Radeon graphics.

There are multiple threads about this issue on Ubuntu's official forums, but I am uncertain what the best options are.  Here are some threads/pages you should read before considering your options.

Description of Hybrid Graphics and instructions on how to disable the Radeon graphics if using the open-source drivers: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HybridGraphics

Instructions for updating Catalyst drivers: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=11900678

Reference to a thread about disabling the Radeon graphics, poster considers it the best option: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1917897&highlight=dv7

Instructions for turning off AMD Radeon graphics: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1917897&highlight=dv7 *******

Similar thread here on AskUbuntu: How to switch between GPU's  on HP Pavilion DV7 Laptop?

Long thread about... well, I have no idea, but it's long: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1930450 *******

******* Be aware that these threads were started prior to 12.04's official release and may contain outdated information

I don't have an exact answer for you, as I have not dealt with the incompatibility issues myself (though I was definitely looking into buying an HP DV7), but the links explain your options and have step-by-step instructions.


creating directory for group of files that have a common string in their names

_adb:

for q in *.png; do mkdir -p "${q%_*}"; mv "$q" "${q%_*}"; done

From #bash IRC channel!
Thanks a lot _adb! Works like magic!


You could extend your logical partition to include that free space, then create a new partition there, if the space is between sda3 and sda4. If not, then just move sda3 so the free space is adjacent to sda4. Moving partitions can take a lot of time, up to several hours.

It's a relatively easy operation if you use a live DVD (or USB disk as I prefer) and gparted.

Note: Removing your swap partition is not recommended, it can ruin your day to run out of memory at some point. The recommended size for swap is at least the same as your RAM, but preferably, twice the size. See the Community Wiki for more details.


How to Customize the Default Plymouth Theme in Ubuntu?

The first thing you must do to get access to Root as admin is to open your terminal and type this code :

gksudo nautilus

(If you are using Nemo as the default file browser then this might be the code :

gksudo nemo

Type suitable code and press enter.
Then the filebrowser will be opened as the superuser.
Then go to Filesystem/lib/plymouth
....
In there you will find a folder named plymouth or anything similar.
Then open it and you will see some image files which works as the default plymouth theme..
Right click on the images you would like to edit and open with GIMP image editor.
After Editing completes, Just click File -> Save !
And close GIMP !
And Also the File browser with super user !
Then try Restarting your PC.
You will see the edited image loading !


Slow connection with Broadcom BCM43142 on Ubuntu 16.04

In Debian 9 I used:

sudo apt install broadcom-sta-dkms

and it did the whole trick for my hp ProBook6570b laptop. I was getting a near 20Mbits/s before. I ran the command and rebooted the laptop for a clean start. After this all of a sudden I saw a 180Mbits/s

I am happy!


GNOME terminal not opening in Ubuntu 18.04

By updating alternatives, you've set Python 3 as default even when python is called. This may break some packages. So, it's better to use aliases as far as python is considered. Roll back the change you made:
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2
sudo update-alternatives --config python

and choose python2. python is always used to call Python 2 and python3 to call Python 3.
GNOME terminal depends on default version of Python 3 (here 3.6). In your installation GNOME terminal was trying to run with Python 2 which will obviously not satisfy its dependency. So, modify the very first line of /usr/bin/gnome-terminal and change it to:
#!/usr/bin/python3

Now, in your installation python3 wasn't in /usr/bin/ and py3compile wasn't found, they can be restored by reinstalling python3-minimal:
sudo apt install --reinstall python3-minimal


You should not overwrite $PATH. Use another name for this.

In your special case, the following should work:

/usr/bin/g++ -o "$PATH/$filename/$filename.cpp /media/joris/LinuxStuff/C plus plus prog/$filename/$filename"


Android 6.0 mtp device not showing in Nautilus

Check your device connectivity by running mtp-detect.

If you've got the following error:

  error returned by libusb_claim_interface() = -6LIBMTP PANIC: Unable to initialize device

You need to activate MTP file transfer on your Android device. For example:

Activate Developer Settings by tapping 7 times Build number in About phone.
Enable File transfer in USB configuration found in Developer options.

See: How can I access media on my OnePlus 5 with a Ubuntu OS?


13.04 - I Changed Resolution,, now Unity is Missing

Use Ctrl+Alt+F4 to get a console window. Run unity from the prompt.
Ctrl+Alt+F7 should take you back to your Unity desktop with icons and menus.


Hope this help you
Link

The first answer will help you solve your problems.

Solution

Open /etc/default/grub in your favorite editor; you will need to use sudo (for vi, nano, etc.) or gksudo (for gedit, etc.).
Then add consoleblank=0 to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=, parameter.
e.g. yours may say:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash consoleblank=0"

Then run sudo update-grub, and reboot.


could not write bytes: broken pipe after chown in /usr

There may be a way to get things back into a working state -- perhaps booting off a rescue disk and using apt to re-bootstrap the disk and reinstall all the packages that are currently installed. But honestly it's probably more work than it's worth.

Instead your best bet is probably to start over, and use this as an opportunity to upgrade to the latest release. While it may not be your only option, it's likely the quickest reliable solution.


How do I get identical kernel release and kernel versions across multiple systems?

Ubuntu 14.04 comes with point releases

See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Support#Ubuntu_Kernel_Support

To update all your boxes to kernel 4.4 run

DESKTOP :

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-core-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-video-all-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-input-all-lts-xenial libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-xenial

MULTIARCH DESKTOP

If you run a multiarch desktop (for example, i386 and amd64 on amd64, for gaming or Wine), you may find you need a slightly more involved command, like this:

 sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-core-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-video-all-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-input-all-lts-xenial libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-xenial libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-xenial libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-xenial:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-xenial:i386

SERVER

Install the HWE kernel derived from 16.04 (xenial):

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-xenial

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-xenial

See also https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack#Ubuntu_14.04_LTS_-_Trusty_Tahr


Depending on the output during boot up it could be many things. I had an issue with the most recent update to the kernel. I opened the GRUB menu on boot and chose the previous kernel. You can open that menu by either holding SHIFT or ESC during boot. Once in that menu go to Advanced to choose a different kernel. Post the output here and I will adjust my answer.


Trying to install Neverwinter Nights again, and having yet another different failure

Rawr. I feel like an idiot. So, on the off chance that someone in the future makes the same mistake I did, here's what it was:

I skipped the XP1.zip and XP2.zip files in the installation process. The correct sequence of zips that got me going was:

Data_Shared.zip (shared files for base game)
Data_Linux.zip (Linux-specific files for base game)
XP1.zip (base files for Shadows of Undretide)
nwclientgold.tar.gz (binaries/Linux-specific files for SoU)
XP2.zip (base files for Hordes of the Underdark)
nwclienthotu.tar.gz (binaries/Linux-specific files for HotU)
English_linuxclient169_xp2.tar.gz (update to latest version)

I sincerely hope I can take it from here. Thanks to anyone who looked at this.


Why python-trml2pdf package isn't available on Ubuntu 18.04?

This package is not part of the Ubuntu 18.04 distribution.

However, it can be installed easily with pip, or by downloading from their pypi webpage.

You can install the package from the PyPI

pip install trml2pdf

or if you use python3

pip3 install trml2pdf

If you only want to download the package use

pip download trml2pdf

If you don't have already pip installed, do it with

sudo apt-get install python-pip python3-pip

The gda_trml2pdf libs and python scripts can also be found in the libgda-5.0-common package. To install:

sudo apt-get install libgda-5.0-common

After installation it can be found in the /usr/share/libgda-5.0/gda_trml2pdf/directory.


How to stop Mythbuntu (Mythtv 0.27) running out of free disk space?

OK, found it. The setting has moved.
In MythTV 0.27 it is
Frontend > Setup > Video > General
and then on the second page "Extra Disk Space (GB:)"


Container lxc has two IP: One of them is bridge's. When connect with juju, connects to bridge's

Thank you for the comment with the LP bug, indeed that does seem to be the issue.  Updating to a fixed version of juju with:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:juju/stable

should fix this odd networking issue.


You have values for dump and pass parameters (0 and 0 respectively in your case) in the 13th line which should be in the 12th line after initial declaration. Just move those two in the 12th line after declaration like:

/dev/mapper/cryptswap1 none swap sw 0 0


Clementine won't play .wma, with "Your GStreamer installation is missing a plugin" error

14.04 and later

I've checked the clementine 1.2.x dependencies and I can confirm it requires the gstreamer 0.10 plugins and since wma support is provided by the ffmpeg plugin you need to set up the following PPA to enable WMA support for 14.04 and later:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mc3man/gstffmpeg-keep
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg


Where can one find sneak-peak of features of future releases?

Canonical has "Ubuntu Developer Summits" (UDS) sessions. The online version is called Ubuntu Online Summit (UOS). The Ubuntu Online Summit event is held online and uses a unique mix of live video sessions, integrated chat, and collaborative note-taking and the next one is scheduled for ...

UOS November 2015
Starts: Tue, 03 Nov 2015 14:00:00 UTC
Ends: Thu, 05 Nov 2015 20:00:00 UTC
Ubuntu Online Summit, highlighting work from Ubuntu 15.10 and detailing plans for 16.04

You can find these announcements also on launchpad.

The day to day planning for this event:

Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday

All of the scheduled events are also listed on 1 page.

(not al lot listed yet but give it a little bit of time).
Reminder: all the URLs point to the 1511 summit. Use the main website (Summit Ubuntu) to get the latest news.