The screen you are talking about covering the kernel booting messages is generated by plymouth. You can find detailed information about plymouth at the ubuntu wiki. To tweak it have a look at section "Splash Theme".

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Plymouth#Splash_Theme


Brightness control is not working on Ubuntu 14.04

there are two ways to do this:

First Method: Try this if you want to change brightness using hotkeys (Fn+F5 and Fn+F6)

Open the terminal and type the following command:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Enter your password and it will open the file in gedit. You need to find two variables and add their value as below. If the variables are already there just mark them as comment by writing # at the start of the line.

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_osi=Linux"

Save the file and close. Now you need to update that file using the following command:

sudo update-grub

Restart your laptop and hotkeys should be work fine.

For more info.

Second Method: Now if you want to adjust screen brightness very precisely, then you should go for this solution. For this you need to open a terminal and change brightness from there.

sudo setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=xx

Note: in above command xx = all hexadecimal value between 00 to ff [00=highest brightness  ff=lowest brightness(total dark)])

For more info.


How to uninstall ubuntu and grub from pre-installed windows 8?

You can make a Recovery disk or USB in Windows 8 if you want to delete the Ubuntu partition. To create a recovery disk/USB, just search the word "recovery" in Windows 8's search function.

This step-by-step guide shows you how to remove the Ubuntu partition and fix the Windows 8 Boot Loader safely:

How to Uninstall a Linux Dual-Boot System From Your Computer

Good luck to you, hope this helped!


Restoring higher resolution after installing ubuntu 14.04 with nomodset

You could try to install the proprietary NVIDIA-drivers. There should not be any problems with NVIDIA Optimus in Ubuntu 14.04 (as far as I remember there were some problems in 12.04).

(The drivers should be available in the pre-installed program 'additional drivers'. These drivers are not the very newest, but should work well and are easy to install.)


Can I install MySQL and MariaDB both on Ubuntu 16.04 and connection with phpMyAdmin

Yes, it is possible. MariaDB is highly compatible with MySQL

"MariaDB intends to maintain high compatibility with MySQL, ensuring a "drop-in" replacement capability with library binary equivalency and exact matching with MySQL APIs and commands"

Yes, it can be accessed using phpMyAdmin

"Here is a list of tools that are known to work properly with MariaDB: - phpMyAdmin – a web-based database management application for MySQL "

source - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MariaDB


Sudo: No password for certain command for everybody (including domain users)

Ok, I found the problem (should have posted the contents of the script itself, that would have helped).

Sudoing the mount_synology didn't issue the password prompt. It was the sudo mount inside the script. But since I call the script with sudo there was no need to sudo the mount command.

After removing the sudo in the script, it worked :)


How to create bootable USB using public library computer, I do not have admin privilege to download USB Creator

Copied from comments:

Just buy an installation DVD/USB from: http://shop.canonical.com/index.php?cPath=17


VLC player cannot open files or directories out of "/home"

Snap packages are in containers which prevent them from "seeing" outside of those containers unless you give them permission.
For VLC, I'd recommend uninstalling the Snap package, and using the vanilla APT version:
sudo snap remove vlc

sudo apt update && sudo apt install vlc


OpenVPN HMAC Authentication Failure No Matter What I do?

Actually, the solution in my case was to add these directives to the server.conf:

mode server
tls-server

And than to the client config:

 tls-client

And if you use an embedded tls key via <tls-auth>, add

key-direction 1

If using network manager, make sure the 'expect tls authentication' is checked.


Use a combination of ppa-purge and reinstallation. Disclaimer: I have not tested this in any way possibly imaginable.

Step 1: Preparation

First install the ppa-purge tool: sudo apt-get install ppa-purge or click here: ppa-purge

Step 2: Remove software

Now run:

sudo ppa-purge ppa:phablet-team/desktop-deps
sudo ppa-purge ppa:phablet-team/desktop-deps

If you're not on Raring, additionally run:

sudo ppa-purge ppa:canonical-qt5-edgers/qt5-proper
sudo ppa-purge ppa:ubuntu-sdk-team/ppa

This will remove the PPAs from your system, which basically means removing them from your software sources, and resetting the packages to the default versions from the official repos. See the manpage for the ppa-purge command  for more info on how it works.

Note that while the phablet-team/desktop-deps PPA is not mentioned in the compilation guide, it is mentioned in the build script.

Next you need to remove the final binaries that you compiled. Based on your description of how you ran the software, you should be able to just run rm -rf /path/to/build/directory where /path/to/build/directory is the directory in which you built Unity Next. I think this is the directory that you would have run ./build from. If you followed the instructions without changing any paths, this directory should be ~/unity.

Step 3 (optional): remove build dependencies

Note: while these commands are written in such a way as to not uninstall any software that you don't want to be uninstalled, they will automatically remove any packages that you don't need on your system (packages installed to satisfy a dependency, but not needed anymore because nothing installed depends on them). This is a completely safe result, but be aware of what is happening.

If you want to get rid of build dependencies, and are running Raring:

sudo apt-mark auto qt-components-ubuntu qtdeclarative5-dee-plugin indicators-client indicators-client-plugin-* qtbase5-dev qtdeclarative5-dev qtdeclarative5-dev-tools qtdeclarative5-test-plugin libdee-qt5-dev libpulse-dev qtdeclarative5-xmllistmodel-plugin unity-lens-mock demo-assets libboost-regex1.49-dev ubuntu-mobile
# this next command may or may not work in Raring. let me know in a comment.
sudo apt-mark auto bamfdaemon debhelper dh-autoreconf gir1.2-dee-1.0 gnome-common gnome-doc-utils gobject-introspection gtk-doc-tools indicator-application indicator-appmenu indicator-appmenu-tools intltool libappindicator3-dev libbamf3-dev libdbusmenu-glib-dev libdbusmenu-gtk3-dev libdbusmenu-jsonloader-dev libdbustest1-dev libdee-dev libgirepository1.0-dev libgtk-3-dev libncurses5-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev metacity sqlite3 valac-0.18 libpocketsphinx-dev libsphinxbase-dev
sudo apt-get autoremove

If you want to get rid of build dependencies, and are running Quantal or lower:

sudo apt-mark auto qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin qtdeclarative5-dee-plugin indicators-client indicators-client-plugin-* qtbase5-dev qtdeclarative5-dev qtdeclarative5-dev-tools qtdeclarative5-test-plugin libdee-qt5-dev libpulse-dev qtdeclarative5-xmllistmodel-plugin unity-lens-mock demo-assets libboost-regex1.49-dev ubuntu-mobile
sudo apt-get autoremove

The guide also has you install bzr: if you really don't want that on your system, run sudo apt-get remove bzr. It doesn't really matter though, since it's not a huge package.


There is not a lot of info, but...

extract the file you want to modify to your hard disk, in a folder. Let suppose you extract it in the folder myfold under your home directory. Let's say the file is called myfile.txt.
Open a terminal, do:

cd ~/myfold

chmod +w myfile.txt
Now you can navigate to that folder and open the file in read/write mode.


Try adding ControllerMode = bredr to /etc/bluetooth/main.conf file. Restart bluetooth service using the following command sudo systemctl restart bluetooth. Then try repairing with airpods, this worked for me in 19.10.


I had the exact same problem.
To solve it I installed pavucontrol:

sudo apt-get install pavucontrol

Then I opened (Super key and type pavucontrol, then enter) and in the input section there was the mic and it was working. So I moved the volumes up and pres the "set as fall-back" button and then it appeared on audio option.
Sorry my bad english, hope it works for you.


How can I detect and delete all lost configuration folders?

I can't think of a quick fix short of going through deleting what you know isn't installed and manually Googling what you can't identify. It's a horrible problem that I've just opted for the Etch-a-Sketch method and either deleted my whole profile or have deleted large chunks of it (.config, .gnome-2, etc)

The only long term solution I could think of doing this is setting up an online database of:

Packages
What configuration paths they use

You'd store that information in a simple JSON "database", perhaps gzip it and store it somewhere online.

You'd then have a tool that downloaded this global list and scanned the paths, looking for corresponding paths in the user's home. Where there are matches, you check the package list to see if that package is still installed. If it's not, it goes on a death-list.

After that scan, the user gets a list of available clean-up operations (with detail on what package the program thinks it is) and it given the option to nuke whatever they like.

In a perfect world, we'd have this integrated right into the packaging system (and have apt-get clean-my-home), but I think that's a pipe dream. Maintainers would have to do a ton of work on top of requiring reengineering the package database formats (which are shakey enough already).

As getting this written into the fabric of each package is unappealing, there also needs to be some sort of interface for normal people to suggest paths for packages. (As it's my dayjob) I'd probably suggest a quick and dirty web-app where people can make their suggestions and MOTUs, Ubuntu members, etc can moderate the flow to make sure people aren't suggesting potentially dangerous searches.

As it is, it's going to require a whole load of manpower to get the however-many thousand apps that write home-files.

This is an interesting problem. This might give me a good excuse to play with Quickly's cli template (Quickly because I'm a Pythonista and also because packaging scares me).


Grub gone. Usb boot and windows recovery both don't work

You say couldn't use the try Ubuntu and other options, so make a fresh bootable USB stick again with the Ubuntu ISO you have (or download a new one), and try to boot to the live session and check if the system file structure is still there. If the files are good and the problem is just with the boot, install the boot-repair utility and use it to fix your system. Here's a link that will guide how you can install the utility in the live Ubuntu: Boot-Repair

But if the formatting that you attempted previously deleted some other critical files or directory structures, which I suspect might be the case, you'll have to look forward to a fresh Ubuntu installation.


How do I clear cache or make space on Ubuntu phone?

Sorry, but there is no app that does exactly what you want; the file manager you mentioned comes closest.  Then you can access most files using a GUI and can delete anything you want.

If you want to do more, you need to put your phone in developer mode and run the file manager as root as well.

Warning: you can delete everything when using the root mode, including system files which can then brick your phone.  (No, I haven't tested this!)


Changing position of a character in a string

I think the only way to do this is using capture groups to capture the thing you want to move, and the thing you want to move it past, optionally matching and discarding any unwanted characters such as whitespace, and then replace them in the desired order

Ex.

$ sed -E 's/^([[:alnum:]]+)[[:blank:]]*([^,]*,[^,]*),/\2\1/' <<< '34    /foo/bar_11,,,'
/foo/bar_11,34,


If Windows8 is installed in UEFI mode, you need to install Ubuntu in UEFI mode too.

Here is how to convert your Ubuntu install in UEFI mode: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI#Converting_Ubuntu_into_EFI_mode


System is showing MORE RAM then installed and I think is causing crashes, 4 GB showing as 8 GB

You didn't mention what mobo you are running.  Or what version of Ubuntu. Obviously, you'll need to check the vendor's specs for that board to see if the memory you installed is supported. is the correct cas timing, ECC (or not) and so on.  You'll also want to make sure you have your BIOS updated to include any updates that fix known RAM issues.  Note that not all Vendor RAM is certified by the mobo manufacturer, even if it has the correct specs.  It is also not a good idea to mix vendor RAM on the same mobo.

If the stick is indeed 4 Gb (this should be easily verified by the sticker on the stick as well as the part number) then the sticks should not be slot sensitive.  However, you'll want to verify that you are installing the expanded memory in the correct slot, per the Vendor's documentation.  If the new RAM is indeed the larger 8 Gb, it may need to go into a particular slot.

I'd also run memtest for several complete passes.

This doesn't sound like a Ubuntu issue to me.  I've always found the System Monitor to correctly identify the RAM that's installed.

Clearly, this new RAM stick has issues.  If you perform all of the suggestions above and there are no problems, I'd suggest replacing the new stick with another stick of the same vendor/model as what is currently installed in slot 0, which you know works in your mobo.


How to install Dropbox on Ubuntu 14 Server [GUI-less]?

It might be 6 months too late but I had a similar issue where running dropboxd on a 14.04 server (no GUI) seemed to hang (no link provided).  No guarantees the fix is the same, but this is what worked for me:

I finally resolved it by going back a version in Dropbox.  I replaced the dropbox wget command listed at their website https://www.dropbox.com/install?os=lnx):

cd ~ && wget -O - "https://www.dropbox.com/download?plat=lnx.x86_64" | tar xzf -

with a previous version (above statement pointed to 3.0.3)

cd ~ && wget -O - "https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/17/dropbox-lnx.x86_64-2.10.51.tar.gz" | tar xzf -

On running

~/.dropbox-dist/dropboxd

I recieved the error message:

Couldn't start Dropbox.
This is usually because of a permissions error. Storing your home folder on a network share can also cause an error.

Get more help at [cannot post links yet]

Please contact Dropbox support with the following info for help:

/tmp/dropbox_errorOqCF3h.txt

At the end of the tmp file, I found

ImportError: libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

This was fixed with a

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0

Running dropboxd again, I similarly found I was missing libSM.so.6, which is fixed with a

sudo apt-get install libsm6

Third time around, dropbox reports

wx error: Unable to access the X Display, is $DISPLAY set properly?
Unable to access the X Display, is $DISPLAY set properly?

A little googling told me that running

env - LANG="$LANG" ~/.dropbox-dist/dropboxd &

would get me going.  After this, dropbox happily gave me a link for a web browser to connect the computer

A little tedious but I seem to be up and running.


How do I print a Thunderbird contact name and address on an postal envelope?

Personally, I put addresses on my letters and use window envelopes but perhaps this will be more to your liking.

From the writer menu select File->Insert->Envelope.

You'll see something like this:

Here you'll choose your registered database details for pulling your contact info in. (For more on registering a database see Help, address books;registering)or check the documentation here or perhaps here

Change to the Format tab displaying this:

and adjust to match your envelope.

Finally, move to the Printer tab and choose the orientation at which you will feeding your envelope as below, adjusting any other settings as necessary to your requirements:

Now, Click the New Document Button. You'll see something similar to this:

Make final adjustments/corrections so that everything aligns the way you want, insert your envelope in the printer based on the orientation chosen previously and click print.

If anything doesn't work as advertised, bugs can be reviewed and reported here: https://bugs.documentfoundation.org//


Why do I need to relaunch dkpg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration after every startup?

I don't know why you need to relaunch dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration after every startup.

But maybe you can add the required commands to /etc/rc.local before the exit 0 line, that way it will get excecuted automatically on launch.

Until someone finds a better solution.


Take a screenshot of webpage at intervals?

The screenshot app 'shutter' has what you are looking for.

In a terminal, do sudo apt-get install shutter

There is no GUI way to do this every five minutes with shutter, but we can make it do the job with the command line.

Copy the following into gedit:

 #! /bin/bash
 while true; do
     shutter --web='WWW-HERE' -e
     sleep 5m
 done

Replace WWW-HERE with the address you would like to screenshot. Now save it in your home folder with a name that you can remember and wish to call it with.

Open a terminal and do chmod +x FILE and then sudo cp FILE /usr/local/bin
Remembering to replace FILE with the name you chose.

Now you can open a terminal and type the file name you chose to start it taking screen shots every five minutes. To stop it, press Ctrl + C on your keyboard. If you want it to keep going until you logout, you can just type the name you chose after pressing Alt + F2, and it will keep going forever in the background.

To save the files somewhere else or with a special name you can add the --output flag to the shutter command(before the -e!). So change that line to read something like this for example:

shutter --web='WWW-HERE' --output='~/Shots/Web%Y%m%d%T' -e

This saves to  folder called Shots (must exist!) in your home folder, and names the file given the time and date.

Alternately you can open shutter and navigate to Edit > Preferences and select a directory there where you would like to save.

An example screenshot of today's google doodle is here.


Guess you will need to go to a coffeehaus or library w/ WiFi to download as described in How do I set up the iPhone USB Ethernet Driver? :

ipheth-utils
libimobiledevice-dev
libimobiledevice-utils

if Personal Hotspot was enabled and then you opened a terminal window to do

idevicepair unpair && idevicepair pair

and then unplugged/replugged your phone with no success.


From the Upstart Cookbook, Standard idioms:

  If you want the job to start "around the time" (actually just after)
  the equivalent System-V job would run, specify:

start on stopped rc

And from Determining the stop on Condition:

  Shut down is not as event rich as startup. A common idiom is to
  specify your stop on as:

stop on runlevel [016]

  This ensures the job will be stopped on shutdown, when switching to
  single-user mode and on reboot.

runlevel [016] == runlevel [!2345].


By default Ubuntu shold come with GEdit if using the default Gnome environment or Kate with the KDE environment. There is also Pluma which is available from the repository. If you're really set on Notepad++ you can install WINE and then run it directly.


Strange POST requests to my Ubuntu server - am I in trouble?

Is probably a old Zero Day attack targeting Parallels Plesk Panel. If you are not running it, you should be pretty safe. This is a quote about how the attack is done from Computer World:

  A command executed by the exploit contains several arguments that are intended to disable security mechanisms that might exist on the server, he said. These include the “allow_url_include=on” argument which allows the attacker to include arbitrary PHP code and the “safe_mode=off” argument. “As a final step Suhosin, a PHP hardening patch, is put into simulation mode. This mode is designed for application testing, and effectively turns off the extra protection.”

In the POST request we can see the 3 vertices of the attack, which is in fact the first 3 commands sent -d allow_url_include=on -d safe_mode=off -d suhosin.simulation=on. The rest is just crawling more in your server.

You may want to know more about the CVE-2012-1823 that address this issue. Parallels provided a workaround to protect their users/costumers. This issue has been fixed in all versions of Ubuntu, only old unmaintained servers are in danger. If you are using version equal or superior than 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.1 of php5-cgi, you are out of danger.


Hold Shift(CAUTION:this will not work in a UEFI+MBR combination)
Delete quiet splash out of your kernel line and instead type this in: init=/bin/bash. This will give a usable root shell in relatively simple setups.(No RAID, no encrypted /usr, rootfs and /etc can be reached without help of network-manager). type in dpkg-reconfigure -a.


You might try hplip -- I installed it via synaptic and it help solve some of my new HP printer problems.  Good luck.


Get Workrave to treat video watching as "work", not rest

I think if you turn on "reading mode" in workrave, it will always count down the time, regardless of how much keyboard/mouse usage you do.


Installing Japanese language support from command-line

Note: This answer is now outdated and breaks systems, e.g. Lubuntu 18.04.1 LTS on a Dell Latitude D620, such that opening Fcitx and clicking on the keyboard crashes the computer. Please pay attention to the dates and operating system for which this answer may be valid. (For example, the link in this answer leads to Lucid documentation, an OS which has now reached end of life.) If you accidentally follow this answer for a different Ubuntu version, you may need to uninstall QT4 and GTK3 packages. For example,

sudo apt purge fcitx-frontend-gtk3 fcitx-frontend-qt4 fcitx-frontend-qt5 kde-config-fcitx

followed by

sudo apt autoremove

Try "ja"

sudo apt-get install language-pack-ja language-pack-gnome-ja language-pack-ja-base language-pack-gnome-ja-base

You might want to check out the language support metapackages as well.

Edit:

A convenient way to do the latter is to run:

sudo apt-get install $(check-language-support)


Can't boot Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS or its LiveUSB after enrolling MOK

After a lot of searching, I found the following here:

  The EUFI contains a database of registered trusted authorities. Users
  can add their own trusted authorities to this database in order to
  enable the loading of non-Microsoft operating systems.

  This is where Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs) are used. TPMs can be
  used to store keys, or perform encryption/signing/verification
  routines. The TPM combined with the UEFI is what allows for the
  verification of the boot loader, and the loading of an operating
  system.

So it appears that proprietary Nvidia and AMD display drivers want to store their keys in the TPM.

TPM has two mode settings that are confusing - Active and Enabled. They mean different things. Active shows up as "TPM on" checkbox on my Dell Precision workstation. In this state, some functions of TPM are available. These include key storage and lookup. "Enabled" means that the TPM is fully functional; it can be used for things such as encrypting disks. This explains why TPM must be "on" or "active" for Ubuntu to boot (especially with proprietary display drivers) but it's not necessary to "enable" the TPM for Secure Boot.

With this understanding, I then used this article to remove old and unnecessary keys.


Make a Thunderbird kiosk - use Thunderbird as the only available session type; no window manager, nothing else. Take a look at /usr/share/xsessions/. Ccreate a session file called thunderbird.desktop which contains the following:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=thunderbird
Comment=This session only allows to check your e-mail
Exec=/usr/bin/thunderbird
Icon=
Type=Application
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=gnome-session-3.0

Configure /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf respectively. Now, when the user logs in, only Thunderbird is started (check for options to start it in maximized mode). When Thunderbird finishes, the session exits.

Don't forget to put "exit" in the users .profile, otherwise they will be able to change to console (ctrl-alt-f1) and log in to a text terminal.


How can I enable auto-completion for the snap command?

snap used to have some autocompletion, but I believe it's being revamped right now. Here are the bugs in question:

autocompletion of commands
autocompletion of local files
autocompletion for remote snaps


Upgraded from 18.04 to 19.10, but "Activities" hangs system

Completely disabling gnome extensions stopped the problem for me (not just disabling every extension; the extensions feature itself had to be switched off).

$ gnome-tweaks
Click "Extensions" in left sidebar
Turn the switch at the top right OFF
Log out & log in again (or reboot)

BTW, Alt-F2, restart can get out of the freeze once or twice.

Update 3/30/2020: There is something wrong with the remnants of old extensions, even if all extensions are disabled!  Probably some gnome-shell bug or version-incompatibility corrupted things (just a guess).   Anyway, I completely fixed the problem by doing

rm -rf $HOME/.local/share/gnome-shell

while logged non-graphically on a vt (log out and wait for the login screen, then Ctl-Alt-F5 for a vt; Ctl-Alt-F1 to return to graphical login)

(I also removed .local/share/gnome-settings-daemon/ and session_migration-ubuntu but don't really know if that was necessary -- it's probably best to just remove .local/share/gnome-shell at first.)

Then log in graphically, re-enable gnome extensions using gnome-tweaks, and check if the problem is gone.  If so, re-install any non-stock extensions from https://extensions.gnome.org/

P.S. FWIW, the "Dash to Dock" extension seemed to provoke problems, so I did not want to re-install it;, I tried "Workspaces thumbnails" instead and am happy with it.


how to track a crash when changing from X :1 to X :0?

This has been going on since upgrading to XUbuntu 16.04 (no Unity, 3D or otherwise), 64 bit. Here's a fresh apport.log:

ERROR: apport (pid 5067) Sun Sep  4 12:10:39 2016: called for pid 2649, signal 6, core limit 18446744073709551615

ERROR: apport (pid 5067) Sun Sep  4 12:10:39 2016: ignoring implausibly big core limit, treating as unlimited

ERROR: apport (pid 5067) Sun Sep  4 12:10:39 2016: executable: /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg (command line "/usr/lib/xorg/Xorg -core :0 -seat seat0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch")

ERROR: apport (pid 5067) Sun Sep  4 12:10:39 2016: is_closing_session(): no DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS in environment

ERROR: apport (pid 5067) Sun Sep  4 12:10:39 2016: apport: report /var/crash/_usr_lib_xorg_Xorg.0.crash already exists and unseen, doing nothing to avoid disk usage DoS

(I allow the system to send reports on the problem.)


The release notes suggest it does not support Sony Vaio:
http://support.amd.com/us/kbarticles/Pages/AMDCatalystSoftwareSuiteVersion1211BetaReleaseNotes.aspx


Cannot select gnome shell when logging in anymore 12.04

Still don't really know what the problem was, but

apt-get remove gnome && apt-get install gnome

solved it...


Why are the installed linux header files empty?

Just came across this, according to Kristof:

  include/config is not used for header files at all. It's part of a
  clever trick to optimize the kernel build.

  The kernel configuration (stored in .config) is used to generate a
  header file which is used throughout the kernel.
  The problem is that changing one option means all files which include
  config.h will need to be rebuilt, even though most of them may not be
  affected by that option.

  This is solved by removing the makefile dependency on config.h and
  replacing it by a dependency on one of the files in include/config.
  Each file there corresponds to a configuration option. Whenever that
  option is changed the configuration system touches that file (updating
  its timestamp causing make to rebuild all dependant files.


The USB drive is read only even write protection is off

Format the USB drive into FAT32 filesystem using GParted partition editor. After you do that, remove it from the PC, reboot the PC, and then re-insert the USB drive. Now it should work.

Try the below command to give read, write, execute permissions to your USB:

sudo chmod 777 /media/usbpartition-name


Security updates: internet data daily quota

When it comes to security patches, remember that a security patch means your system is broken and, although you might not have been attacked, you could be. I'd suggest that you install them all each time. I'm a retired unix and network security consultant for a major computer company and I always cringed when customers didn't want to install security patches ASAP. You read about them every day in the news. They have such a high chance of being the next "I've been hacked!" victim. And NEVER think, when it comes to security, that "If it ain't broke, don't fix it". It is broke. You may find how broke in a few minutes.


Gtk-Message: Failed to load module "overlay-scrollbar" Ubuntu 17.10

In my computer with Ubuntu 16.04, I solved it installing the package overlay-scrollbar-gtk2:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall overlay-scrollbar-gtk2


How to switch from GUI to CLI mode and terminate any GUI program?

The command below will stop the graphical interface.  The next one will restart it for you (everything will be reset as if you had restarted your computer).

sudo service lightdm stop
sudo service lightdm start

This works for Unity, I don't know for sure if it works on Gnome desktop.


How can a script check if it's being run as root?

#!/bin/bash
if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
   echo "This script must be run as root"
   exit 1
fi


Fixed this. It is now included in the extra plugins.

sudo apt-get install compiz-plugins-extra


How to make apport always open a bug report page?

For me it works in ubuntu 12.04 (final release) to edit /etc/apport/crashdb.conf and add 'Crash' to the 'problem_types': ['Bug', 'Package', 'Crash']

Some references

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apport/+bug/994921
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apport/+bug/993450/comments/13
https://bugs.launchpad.net/apport/+bug/997283


Script runs when I type it into a terminal, but not when I run it from a .sh file

The [ command does not have a == operator. Bash allows it, but dash will cringe. The correct operator to use is =. The script you posted in your question does not have a shebang, so it likely gets run by sh. So:

#!/bin/sh
mkdir -p "$HOME/Desktop/ITRAN"
if [ "$DESKTOP_SESSION" = gnome-classic ]; then
    docky
fi

Anyway, if it fails, you'll likely find the error messages in ~/.xsession-errors, so look in there for clues.


Update Gnome on Ubuntu 16.04 after updating from Ubuntu 14.04

gnome-shell --version

Will display your Gnome current version.

Ubuntu 16.04 brings Gnome 3.18 by default. You're able to install gnome 3.20 via PPA.

 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
 sudo apt update
 sudo apt dist-upgrade

It may break your theme and extensions.


GRUB is not displaying on boot, no GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT

Below are my GRUB settings, which do what you want. Make a backup of your /etc/default/grub file and try mine to see if does what you want.

Don't forget to run sudo update-grub any time you edit the file...

I noticed my GRUB_TIMEOUT line doesn't have quotes and

0 means do not time out so skips menu,
postive number means skip menu after the given number of secs and
-1 means don't skip.

Also try removing the quotes from GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE. Also try setting that to menu, not countdown or hidden.

Check out the documentation to see what each setting does.

I think these are the main settings you need.

GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu
GRUB_TIMEOUT=-1

My current /etc/default/grub

GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
GRUB_THEME=/boot/grub/themes/Aurora-Penguinis-GRUB2/theme.txt


Check the difference between two apt packages

If you want to get more information about a package use the show option.

apt show jupyter

It's the only way to clearly see the differences between packages.

Another approach could be to use a GUI program as synaptic


Does installed from source software get overwritten by automatic updates?

For the most part, software installed from the repository can and sometimes will overwrite source-built software. If you want to stop this from happening (i.e. have another source built version lingering on your system, and easy to remove), then continue reading. It is always advisable to set up the source build so that it installs to a different directory. If you want to get the Ubuntu version of the software back, you run

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libcurl3

First of all, you should read the README or INSTALL file of the source code to understand the parameters. That way, you absolutely know the parameter to parse and to which command you should send it to. But below is a generic way that works on most source builds in my (admittedly) limited experience

Compiling from source

Since the best practice is to use checkinstall, we will install this first:

sudo apt-get install checkinstall

This will make your life easier when removing compiled packages, as noted by apmouse.

Quite often a parameter for ./configure is --prefix <directory> and is used like this:

auto-apt run ./configure --prefix=/opt/libcurl

and then you do the rest of the source build dance:

make
sudo checkinstall

and the make command will create the directory and install your files for you.

Removing the built package

If you ever need to remove your source files, you can just run:

sudo dpkg -r libcurl

If you need the files to be accessible from the terminal, then look at this AskUbuntu question for some ideas on how to add your new path to the $PATH variable.


There's certainly no shortage of MTAs in Linux, nor in Ubuntu. As the most full-featured (and possibly overblown) solution, you can use postfix to relay emails to a provider - i.e. all the emails it receives will be sent via that SMTP server. Here is a tutorial with details for Google Mail.

A more lightweight, and more simple alternative is nullmailer, although I'm not sure if it is capable of using all the secure transport methods required for Google Mail.

Finally, the easiest solution seems to be ssmtp. The setup is described here.


Where is the Ubuntu 14.04 kernel source code located?

Ubuntu 14.04 has 3.13 Linux kernel installed. You can get its source code here

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/trusty/+package/linux-source-3.13.0


dd an internal partition to a single file onto an external USB drive

You should be able to specify an output file (such as .iso, .img, .bak) by first mounting the device you want to write to, then running sudo dd if=/dev/sdX# of=/mount/point/file.iso. dd will automatically translate the partition into one of those filetypes, and won't just write it to the device directly.

Then, when finished, create a new empty partition of the appropriate size and run sudo dd if=/mount/point/file.iso of=/dev/sdX# and it will restore the partition.

If you prefer a GUI way, you can also use the gnome-disks utility to create a backup image of the partition you want to save; it does essentially the same thing as the dd command, but without the command line.


Sometimes life is simple.... the solution was to add the domainuser via the terminal as a sudoer so open the terminal and perform:
sudo adduser xxxx sudo


Cannot update software after upgrading to 16.04

Go to Software & Updates, press the Other software label, then uncheck

CDrom with Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial Xerus

and re-run the updater.


12.04 CD won't boot on my new Dell Inspiron 15R

Try booting another PC with the same CD/DVD, or perhaps try a CD/DVD from a magazine just to see if that works.

I believe you can turn secure boot off in the BIOS, though I have not seen that for real.

I assume the 15R can see the CD content if you just boot under Windows 8?

You could always try bootable USB if any/all of the above proves problematic (though if it is UEFI secure boot then you will have the same problem I think).


Using the TPM to manage disk encryption keys on Ubuntu 20-04?

The sha1 bank might be disabled on your tpm2 chip/cpu.
You can use the tpm2_pcrread application with no parameters to see which banks are enabled.
If you see the pcr hash list under sha1 it is enabled, else you may need to choose another bank which does have the pcrs listed.
Chances are you can use the sha256 bank instead, at which point your command would looks something like the following:
sudo clevis luks bind -d /dev/nvme0n1p3 tpm2 '{"pcr_bank":"sha256","pcr_ids":"0,1"}'


xdg-open stopped working since 16.04 upgrade

I had exactly the same problem.
I could solve the problem by just install gvfs-bin (nothing more)...

sudo apt install gvfs-bin

I found this out, because in the log-files from user Amias is to read:
gvfs-open /home/amias

But gvfs-open was not installed on my system.

After installing gvfs-bin, it works!

To set a new file association (e.g use Nemo for folders), you can do:

gvfs-mime --set inode/directory nemo.desktop

-Cheers


How can I make Ubuntu the default boot option on a newer laptop (UEFI)?

I strongly suspect that you have not installed Ubuntu in BIOS mode. The reason I say this is that you report that your "select boot device" boot menu has an option called "ubuntu." If you were booting Ubuntu in BIOS (aka CSM or legacy) mode, this wouldn't be the case; the option would say "boot from HD" or some such generic description, since the firmware would have no way of identifying the BIOS-mode OS as being Ubuntu. In an EFI-mode boot, though, this information is stored in NVRAM, and so is available to the EFI's boot manager.

To be sure of this, boot Ubuntu and look for a directory called /sys/firmware/efi. If it's present, you've installed and booted Ubuntu in EFI mode. If it's absent, you've probably booted in BIOS mode, although there are ways to make that directory disappear from an EFI-mode boot, so I can't be positive of that.

If I'm right, then something is preventing GRUB from turning up as the default boot loader. Chances are this is because of a bug in HP's firmware; I've heard of other HP computers that have the same problem. There are quite a few possible workarounds. I recommend you try these two, in order:

Boot to Windows and open an Administrator Command Prompt window. Type bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi. If this works, GRUB will come up the next time you boot. (Note that you should type {bootmgr} in exactly that way; I'm not trying to denote a variable with the curly braces.)
In Linux, run the Boot Repair tool. This will do some juggling of boot files, which should make GRUB come up by default. Note that this approach is rather heavy-handed and the change may be undone by Windows -- very likely after certain system updates, and some users have reported after every boot. Still, this method often works for extended periods.

If neither of these approaches works, post back, along with the output of sudo efibootmgr -v and df -h /boot/efi. This extra information will enable me to make additional suggestions.


I had the same issue and found this post which helped. Although sound seems to be working now I believe it doesn't perform 100% as it should but it's really close.
UPDATE
Although this brings back the sound, mic still does not work.
I also found out that I can use bluetooth speaker even if it says Dummy output as the only option in sound settings without installling anything at all.When connecting the Bluetooth speaker, sound works.Haven't tried it for mic though.(I dont have any)


What's the default connectivity uri for KDE?

This is what I show in my local version of the file on two 20.04 LTS systems:
[connectivity]
uri=http://connectivity-check.ubuntu.com/

Always have backups ...


a command to list all packagas installed on the system and their installed files, how?

You can run the following command to print this information in the terminal:

for i in $(echo $(apt list 2>&1| grep installed | sed 's|/.*$||g')); do echo $i; dpkg -L $i | grep -P '^.'$i'|$'; done | tee APTINSTALLED | grep -P '^[a-z0-9].*$|$'

The command also creates a file with this information named APTINSTALLED.

Alternatively, if you would like to list all of the files of an installed package, you can run the command dpkg -L followed by the package name.

For example, to list all the files installed with the package gnome-terminal, run the following command:

dpkg -L gnome-terminal

If you just want to list all installed packages, you can run the following command:

apt list 2>&1| grep installed | sed 's|/|  |g;s|\[.*$||g' | GREP_COLOR='0;32' grep --color=auto -P '^.*  '

If you only want to list the installed packages without the extra information, you can run this instead:

apt list 2>&1| grep installed | sed 's|/.*$||g'

If you would like to list the installed package names in a linear form instead of a column, you can run the following command:

echo $(apt list 2>&1| grep installed | sed 's|/.*$||g')

Finally, if you would like to list all installed packages and a brief description of each package, run the following command:

dpkg -l | grep --color=always ii

The last command will highlight "ii" in red which is printed directly before each package name to make it easier to distinguish between the package names and the descriptions.

Or, you could just run the following command instead:

dpkg -l

Additionally as suggested by @steeldriver in a comment, you can use the -f flag with the dpkg-query command to print the name. Here's an example:

dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}\n' | while read -r p; do echo "$p" & dpkg-query -L "$p"; done

and here it is with the package name highlighted in green:

dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}\n' | while read -r p; do echo "$p" & dpkg-query -L "$p"; done | GREP_COLOR='0;32' grep -P --color=auto '^[a-z0-9].*$|$'

and here it is in the form of a script that will create a new directory ~/packagefiles. Executing this script will create a text file for each package installed in the new directory. Each text file contains the list of files for each package. This will also print in the terminal as normal, each package name highlighted in green:

#!/bin/bash
mkdir -p /home/$USER/packagefiles 2>&1
dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}\n' | while read -r p; do echo "
$p" & dpkg-query -L "$p" | tee /home/$USER/packagefiles/"$p"; done | GREP_COLOR='0;32' grep -P --color=auto '^[a-z0-9].*$|$'

This is convenient because each package is listed in the directory and so ls ~/packagefiles will list all packages in nice columns.

Don't forget to make the script executable.


Installing one distro on multiple drives

but on linux i know the situation is not as happy since it's directory based.

Sorry, but a drive letter in Windows could in theory also be a directory in Linux. It is just that Microsoft wanted to create shortcuts to partitions. In theory you could name your partitions D, E, F; you just can't rename / to C though and you can't use a : since those are reserved. You can symlink / to C if you really want to stick with Microsoft rules :D Please don't though ;-)

  I already read many articles about installing the /home partition in a different drive but it's not really what i'm looking for

My opinion:

Keep /home on the SSD your system is on. Putting it on another disk might break your boot when there are errors on that 2nd disk.

You should set it up in such a way that you put the personal content on the HDD (more below). Basically you can tell the system to use the HDD for the directories in /home/$USER/. If you have more users you can also use this to point them all to the same folders on the HDD.

In Linux you mount the partitions and disk by creating a label beginning with a / during installation (at the partitions setup) and that label is going to be a directory. Just don't tick the "format" option.

Mount the 256 SSD with the name /opt/. That directory is not needed during boot and is used as a 3rd party installation directory. You can then use it to install flatpack, snap and/or software built from source. Normal installs will add the software to your normal system disk.

Mount the HDD as a personal partition (I named mine /discworld). You can then edit /home/$USER/.config/users-dirs.dirs  to use that partition.

If any of your partitions are NTFS you do not need to mount them during install and can ignore them. But make sure when you include them not to tick the "format" option. Those partitions will become available in Nautilus anyways.


How can I reset compiz to the default settings?

GUI Option

For 11.04 and below:

Log into a recovery console,
gnome-settings-daemon && gnome-appearance-properties && metacity and press enter.
When the appearance properties dialogue comes up, change your settings to normal under the effects tab.
Close this window, and metacity will run (so you can close the terminal)
Close the terminal to log out from recovery mode, and log back into your desktop.

For all versions:

Install ccsm (Compiz Config Settings Manager).

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Log into the recovery console,
Launch ccsm from the terminal, (you may also optionally run metacity).
Create a new profile (if you want to use this method) by going to preferences, and clicking on reset to defaults:

You can also select the individual plugin causing the problems and reset its values.

Command-Line Option:

Run this command in a terminal (on 11.04 and up):

gconftool --recursive-unset /apps/compiz-1

On 10.10 and below:

gconftool --recursive-unset /apps/compiz

Credits to James Gifford for the command.


Problem with Windows Boot Manager/BIOS in dual boot

Most boot/dual boot issues can be fixed with the awesome Boot Repair utility:

Boot-Repair

Make yourself a boot repair disk, boot it and run the Recommended Repair utility.


Lenovo Z50-70 dual boot Ubuntu GNOME 16.04/Windows 10 fails to suspend

Found the solution on another forum.
The problem is with two GPU's, Intel & Nvidia. If Nvdia is the default GPU, suspend and hibernate will have issues.

Step1 : Run nvidia-settings on terminal.

Step2 : In "PRIME Profiles" tab, select the GPU as "Intel" instead of "NVIDIA".

Step3 : Save and restart your machine.

I tested this on 14.0.4 and it worked.


Ubuntu Core 16 - How to change time zone persistent?

Do in order to install snappy:

sudo apt install ubuntu-snappy-cli

In order oo read the current configuration for ubuntu-core:

snappy config ubuntu-core

Then in order to update it:

CONFIG=/tmp/core_config

snappy config ubuntu-core > "$CONFIG"
sed -i 's/timezone: .*$/timezone: America\/Cordoba/' "$CONFIG"
sudo snappy config ubuntu-core "$CONFIG"

as mentionned here.


Ubuntu 16.04.3 sees unallocated space as a NTFS partition

After making partitions you often need to reboot to reload the partition table. From the comments, rebooting solved the problem.


mod_python is basically non-maintained - you should look into mod_wsgi. Install the package libapache2-mod-wsgi, then issue sudo a2enmod wsgi to enable it.

Just as a quick example to get it running, stuff something like this in your /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/default:

WSGIScriptAlias /test /path/to/python/file.py

And in the file /path/to/python/file.py:

def application(environ, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
    return "Hello World"

After re-starting Apache2, any request to /test will turn into a call of application() in your python file.

For further reading, look into WSGI (WebServer Gateway Interface), the way Python integrates with web-servers.

Bonus / Update:

Python (unsurprisingly) has a small WSGI server in the standard library for testing. If you add this in the bottom of your file, you can run it as any old executable for testing purposes, and then let Apache take over for production:

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

    httpd = make_server('', 8080, application)
    print "Serving on http://localhost:8080"

    httpd.serve_forever()


Ubuntu Login Loop After Google Authenticator installation

You removed the module... but you didn't remove the requirement from your PAM configuration!

If you edited the file /etc/pam.d/lightdm you now need to (through a TTY or root-prompt from recovery mode) edit it again and remove the line:

auth require pam_google_authenticator.so nullok

If you edited any other file in the /etc/pam.d/ directory, you need to remove that line from whichever files you modified.


Make ubuntu server/router part of wifi connections

Plug the output of the Ubuntu box into the input of the wireless router.

Consider the wireless router's broadcasted network a broadcast of the Ubuntu box as any connections made to that network will be served by the Ubuntu computer.

Also, many wireless routers offer the option of either serving DHCP within the network or having DHCP handled outside the router itself so if you have this option, you will have the option to allow the Ubuntu box to serve DHCP as well.


Gedit UI different if I run gksu: Ubuntu 16.04 Gnome Classic

This difference is being made to maintain compatibility between Unity's global menu and Gnome's menu style, I believe.

After searching the differences between root and normal user's shell, I found that normal user has XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP environment variable set to GNOME-Flashback:Unity.

So, If you want to the UI of gedit like the root, you need to use this command or unset the XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP environment variable.

env XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP='' gedit

You can even make this default by modifying the file in /usr/share/applications/gedit.desktop. Though I don't recommend you to do so.


How do I get a Dell Latitude e6420 working?

So I believe I've fixed it. I'll note down here what I did, in case someone (me included) needs to repeat this on an Optimus setup.

Firstly, unfortunately, I needed to reinstall ubuntu. During install, I chose not to install updates during installation. Note that when it booted for the first time it still would not run unity-3d, only 2d.
I added the X-SWAT ppa: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates, and sudo apt-get update then I used the software updater tool. I used this rather than apt-get upgrade so I could choose which updates to install. I went through the list and ensured that there was no nvidia updates selected.
I now checked installed packages, and noted that nvidia-current and nvidia settings were installed. I removed both of these.
I restarted. Now, I installed mesa-utils, and restarted, and noticed that now unity-3d IS working. (hooray!)
Now, just to be sure, I remove the configuration file generated by nvidia if any:

 rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Reinstall Xorg and mesa packages...
   sudo apt-get --reinstall install xserver-xorg-core libgl1-mesa-glx:* libglx-mesa-dri:*
Now reconfigure x-org... I'm not sure if you need to do this. I did and it didn't kill anything (I think).

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg
sudo reboot
Now install bumblebee as directed by @Web-E above.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable then sudo apt-get update
To install Bumblebee using the proprietary nvidia driver:

sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia
Run following

sudo usermod -a -G bumblebee $USER
And finally, sudo reboot

Note, when prompted by update manager to install nvidia-common (September 2012), I did - and it didn't break anything. I suspect that perhaps whatever bugs were present early on have been ironed out. Still... I will not install nvidia-common to begin with, but follow this tutorial above.

If anyone has any comments or suggestions as to how this method should be changed, please tell me!

Dave.


Cannot Write to www and update wordpress at same time

Try to add your samba user to www-data group and change permissions to 775
useradd -G www-data your_samba_user


How to enable natural scroll on two-finger scroll with command while normal scrolling for edge scrolling in Ubuntu 13.10?

I found an solution for this problem.
Install if you haven't

  sudo apt-get install synclient

And next change "vertical scrolling delta" to negative value, like this

  synclient VertScrollDelta=-100

Done. You have natural scrolling everywhere.


Not sure if it was the real problem but I changed the mouse from a Logitech USB to a Microsoft Bluetooth and voila! Everything that didn't work before now works.

I hate computers...

Erik The Pope


Should I keep the OEM's default account?

TL;DR Yes, delete the OEM account.

Before you delete the OEM account, check if you are in the sudo group

groups

Sample output:

% groups
a_user_name daemon adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev fuse lpadmin sambashare docker sbuild

If you are in the sudo group, remove the OEM account

sudo userdel --remove --selinux-user oem

If not, follow these steps

Boot into the GRUB menu

Press and hold the left Shift key during boot.
Start the recovery mode

Select the entry recovery mode
Open the root console

Select the entry root
Remount the root partition

mount -o rw,remount /

Add your user in the group sudo

usermod -a -G sudo <your_user>

Continue the boot process

Press Ctrl+C


I need some help understanding this bash script

The magic of built-in bash variable $SECONDS
Your script highlights the built-in bash variable $SECONDS that keeps track of how many seconds a bash script has been running. Initially it starts at zero and the working variable current is set to this value at the beginning of the script. Then the script loops and increments current each time $SECONDS changes and displays "1, 2, 3... 10" on the screen.

Analyzing bash script line by line:
 #!/bin/bash tells the system this is a bash script
    current=0 sets the variable current to 0
    while [ $SECONDS -le 10 ]; do When the number of seconds this script has been running is less than or equal to 10 do the following
                if [ $SECONDS -eq ${current} ]; then if the value of current is equal to number of seconds then:
                            echo ${current} display the current value (0 initially, then 1, 2, 3... to 10)
                            current=$((${current}+1)) increment current value
                fi End of If statement, required for syntax rules
    done end of While loop, required for syntax rules

Testing the script
To test this script copy and paste the OP's text to a new file. For our purposes call the file seconds. Mark the file as executable with the command:
chmod +x seconds

Then call the bash script with the current directory prefix in front:
./seconds


notify-send does nothing, yet, libnotify is installed

There are no special configuration files as far as I know so I would try and reinstall the package

sudo apt-get --reinstall install libnotify-bin notify-osd


I do not see anything wrong with any of those commands.

To use the most current kernel you need to reboot. The newest kernel will be the most recent and selected by default. You can select other, older kernels or other OS from the grub (boot) menu.

Ths last line, about one package not being upgraded, can almost certailny be fixed with:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


you can maintain your installed or install packages using Synaptic Package Manager:

Open a Terminal Ctrl+Alt+T and type:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install synaptic

go to Dash and type Synaptic click on it you'll get a window like this:

type facebook for example in quick filter and see what packages you have installed click on green marked or ticked space next to the package that you wish to remove and choose complete removal.


Which driver to install for a GeForce GT 520MX graphics card?

A search for the NVIDIA driver for the GeForce GT 520MX graphics card at the NVIDIA Driver Downloads webpage returned the following result:

Based on the result from NVIDIA Driver Downloads, the recommended graphics driver to install for your graphics card is nvidia-331 proprietary tested graphics driver. After you have installed nvidia-331 using the Additional Drivers utility and rebooted the computer, you can check your installation in the Additional Drivers utility . There should be a line underneath the graphics card model name that says: This device is using the recommended driver.


Not able to see the contents of NTFS partition

Just switched to my Windows and opened the partition. Made protected system folders and files visible. Then I saw found.000 and found.001 folders. From reading on Stack Overflow I came to know that there is no hard deleting those folders. So I deleted those folders and my problem was solved.


You can use two cron lines like this to make a ~10 minute recording from 0755.

55 7 * * 1-5  cvlc --run-time=5 --sout file/ts:stream.mp4 htsp://@ip:9982/211
5  8 * * 1-5  sh -c "killall cvlc; cp stream.mp4 /path/to/upload"

I've added 1-5 in the fifth field so it only runs Monday to Friday.

VLC is hard to stop recording without actual controls. The easiest way it to just tell it to die. That's what the second line does... And then does something (up to you) with the saved file.

There is a small problem in that the teacher is going to have to skip to the right moment... What if the video is longer than 10 minutes one day? The best possible solution is going to involve somebody making the video having manual control.


No wireless networks shown on Kubuntu Plasma 5

Sure, but I had similar problems on the old version of KDE. However, after poking around a bit with rfkill, I found the problem.

This machine is an HP Omen, and for some reason the OS incorrectly detected it as an Acer machine and loaded the acer-wmi module. This, in turn, thought that the wifi was always disabled, and listed an unremovable soft-block on an "acer-wireless" object.

Doing

# rmmod acer-wmi

fixed the problem.

Now the (Kubuntu with KDE4) installer is hanging, but I have to figure that out separately...


Unable to mount internal hard drive on startup. Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

When swapping hard drives, it almost always happens that the partition UUIDs of the new drive don't match the entry in the filesystem table, if the drive is supposed to be auto-mounted.

You can get a list of the current UUID's using this command:

sudo blkid

Now look into your filesystem table (/etc/fstab) and check whether there is an UUID mismatch.

If there indeed is, do the following to fix your auto-mount issues:

If the new drive is already in the fstab, delete orphan entries of the old, replaced drive.
Else, simply replace the old UUID by the new one obtained from blkid. Make sure you choose the correct matching of UUID and device file. The output of blkid and the install-time generated comments in the fstab might prove helpful.

The changes will be applied immediately, i.e. the next mounting or unmounting of a file will rely on the updated fstab. As your problem occurs on boot, reboot in order to see whether it worked.


After (even more) trial and error, it turns out that I had to remove python, which was set to python3.6 and reinstall python2.7. The Synaptic Package Manager was extremely useful in facilitating this.


I have been having the same problem for ages and I use autofs extensively in my local network. The only way I have found around the problem is to open a terminal and issue the command:
sudo systemctl stop autofs

After this the systems shut down as normal.


how to copy a specific file from a android device on a root location

Press Ctrl+Alt+T to open a terminal and then type sudo nautilus

Yhis will open the file manager with root access


sh: .ssh/authorized_keys: Is a directory?

The problem is that you've made a directory called ~/.ssh/authorized_keys. This is supposed to be a file. I'm not sure how this has happened, given that the commands you've listed should have just made the ~/.ssh directory and an authorized_keys file within it.

Remove the authorized keys directory on the remote machine, and replace with a file. Or even better, use the ssh-copy-id command from the local machine to create the file and add the key in one single command:

ssh-copy-id user@ip-address


Help Starting Minecraft Server Ubuntu 14.04

The second and third lines of your script are unnecessary. Your script should look like this:

#!/bin/sh
java -Xmx1024M -jar craftbukkit.jar -o true

Here's a breakdown of what each line of the script does:

#!/bin/sh

This line causes your script to be invoked by /bin/sh, which is (in the case) the bash shell

java -Xmx1024M -jar craftbukkit.jar -o true

This line actually starts the server (craftbukkit.jar must be in the same directory.

-Xmx1024M sets the maximum amount of memory available to the process to 1GB, or 1024 MB. If you get an OutOfMemoryError, you'll need to increase this.


all menus, icons ,programs & folders (desktop or program menu) is invisible & not opening in ubuntu 20.04

Do you have a custom theme installed? Maybe the update broke it.
Go to a virtual console with Ctrl+Alt+F3, and log in there by typing your username and then sudo password when prompted for it.
Issue the following command to reset to the default Ubuntu theme:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme Yaru

Return to the graphical session with Ctrl+Alt+F2.
Maybe also try logging out + logging back in.


Is there a way to adjust the interval for the update-status hook?


File manager opens automatically after booting

"system settings"-> "startup and shutdown" -> "session management" -> "on login" -> "start with an empty session"

Hope this helps.


Visit packages.ubuntu.com

In its Search the contents of packages section, search for the file.

It will list the packages that contain particular file.

In your case, these packages are provided by the following packages:

libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0     libgtk2.0-0
libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0     libgtk2.0-0
libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0  libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0
libfontconfig.so.1      libfontconfig1
libXrender.so.1         libxrender1
libX11.so.6             libx11-6
libgobject-2.0.so.0     libglib2.0-0
libXft.so.2             libxft2
libfreetype.so.6        libfreetype6
libpthread.so.0         libc6
librt.so.1              libc6
libz.so.1               zlib1g
libpng12.so.0           libpng12-0
libstdc++.so.6          libstdc++6-4.8-dbg-arm64-cross
libm.so.6               libc6
libgcc_s.so.1           libgcc1
libc.so.6               libc6

So you can install them by:

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libfontconfig1 libxrender1 libx11-6 libglib2.0-0  libxft2 libfreetype6 libc6 zlib1g libpng12-0 libstdc++6-4.8-dbg-arm64-cross libgcc1


"Please run 'make modules_prepare'" issue when installing NDISWrapper

Seems like ndiswrapper needs some preparation on the kernel headers to be able to use them. Execute the following in a terminal:

cd /usr/src/linux-headers-3.5.0-17

sudo make modules_prepare

After this, compile the ndiswrapper 1.58 module.


remove python3-pytango with this:

sudo apt-get remove python3-pytango

then remove the existing dependency

sudo apt-get autoremove

May be a solution.
It's like I've ever experienced


20.10 Raspberry Pi Snap GIMP install error

I think the gimp snap depends on the kde-frameworks-5-core snap
although the gimp snap is available for arm architecture (used by the raspberry pi), the kde-frameworks-5-core snap is only available for amd64 architectures

obviously, not a good situation
ideally the kde package should be made available also for arm architectures for the gimp snap to be usable on the pi


Bluetooth not really "turning on" on a Sony Vaio VPCEG

This is not a fix, but it can solve the problem temporarily.

If you use dual-boot between Ubuntu and Windows, boot to Windows first. Then turn on the hardware switch for wireless.

After that, reboot into Ubuntu. Bluetooth will work now.


With Awk:

$ awk 'NR==FNR {b[$1 $2] = $3; next} {$0 = $0 "\t" b[$1 $2]} 1' File2 File1
*row*  *col*  *A*  *B*
1      0      23   100
1      1      34
1      2      34   110

(Note that this will place an empty tab-separated field in the *B* position where there is no corresponding value in File2.)


How can I point a domain to multiple ports based on the directory I am browsing to?

So I figured out I can do this with nginx, which I had planned on setting up anyway.

This is what I did!

Added this under nginx/sites-available

    server {
    listen www.thelavender.net:80;
    server_name www.thelavender.net;
    location /confluence {
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_pass http://localhost:8090/confluence;
    }
}

copied this to nginx/sites-enabled

in my conf/server.xml for Confluence I added the following:

proxyName="www.xxxxxxx.net" proxyPort="80" />

to the end of the following block of code:

<Connector port="8090" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443"
            maxThreads="48" minSpareThreads="10"
            enableLookups="false" acceptCount="10" debug="0" URIEncoding="UTF-8"
            protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"

Restarted both Confluence and Nginx and BOOM!!!  Nginx is forwarding port 8090 to 80 and I no longer have to use the ugly URL with the port!!

SWEET!

UPDATE

I wanted to come back and update this as I found a better way to setup my server blocks for multiple applications running under the same domain. In my case, I wanted to run Confluence and JIRA behind the same domain.

server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;

root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;

server_name www.example.com;

location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}

location /jira/ {
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
   proxy_pass http://192.168.1.2:8080;
   }

location /confluence/ {
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
   proxy_pass http://localhost:8090;
   client_max_body_size 10M;
}
}

Or even simpler

server {
listen 80;

server_name www.example.com;

location /confluence {
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_pass http://localhost:8090/confluence;
}

location /jira {
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/jira;
    client_max_body_size 10M;
}
}

Turdah!!!!


cat /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/jp

// Symbols for Japanese 106-keys keyboards (by tsuka@kawalab.dnj.ynu.ac.jp).

default  partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "106" {

    include "jp(common)"
    name[Group1]= "Japanese";

    key <AE10> { [ 0, asciitilde    ] };
    key <AE13> { [ backslash, bar   ] };
};

hidden partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "common" {
    // "Common" keys for jp 106/109A layouts.

    key <HZTG> {
    type[Group1]="PC_ALT_LEVEL2",
    symbols[Group1]= [ Zenkaku_Hankaku, Kanji ]
    };

    key <AE01> { [ 1, exclam        ] };
    key <AE02> { [ 2, quotedbl      ] };
    key <AE03> { [ 3, numbersign    ] };
    key <AE04> { [ 4, dollar        ] };
    key <AE05> { [ 5, percent       ] };
    key <AE06> { [ 6, ampersand     ] };
    key <AE07> { [ 7, apostrophe    ] };
    key <AE08> { [ 8, parenleft     ] };
    key <AE09> { [ 9, parenright    ] };
    key <AE11> { [ minus, equal     ] };
    key <AE12> { [ asciicircum, asciitilde] };

    key <AD01> { [ q, Q         ] };
    key <AD02> { [ w, W         ] };
    key <AD03> { [ e, E         ] };
    key <AD04> { [ r, R         ] };
    key <AD05> { [ t, T         ] };
    key <AD06> { [ y, Y         ] };
    key <AD07> { [ u, U         ] };
    key <AD08> { [ i, I         ] };
    key <AD09> { [ o, O         ] };
    key <AD10> { [ p, P         ] };
    key <AD11> { [ at, grave        ] };
    key <AD12> { [ bracketleft, braceleft ] };

    key <CAPS> { [ Eisu_toggle, Caps_Lock ] };

    key <AC01> { [ a, A         ] };
    key <AC02> { [ s, S         ] };
    key <AC03> { [ d, D         ] };
    key <AC04> { [ f, F         ] };
    key <AC05> { [ g, G         ] };
    key <AC06> { [ h, H         ] };
    key <AC07> { [ j, J         ] };
    key <AC08> { [ k, K         ] };
    key <AC09> { [ l, L         ] };
    key <AC10> { [ semicolon, plus  ] };
    key <AC11> { [ colon, asterisk  ] };
    key <AC12> { [ bracketright, braceright ] };

    key <AB01> { [ z, Z         ] };
    key <AB02> { [ x, X         ] };
    key <AB03> { [ c, C         ] };
    key <AB04> { [ v, V         ] };
    key <AB05> { [ b, B         ] };
    key <AB06> { [ n, N         ] };
    key <AB07> { [ m, M         ] };
    key <AB08> { [ comma,  less     ] };
    key <AB09> { [ period, greater  ] };
    key <AB10> { [ slash, question  ] };
    key <AB11> { [ backslash, underscore] };
    key <LCTL> { [ Control_L        ] };

    key <NFER> { [ Muhenkan     ] };

    key <XFER> {
    type[Group1]="PC_ALT_LEVEL2",
    symbols[Group1]= [ Henkan, Mode_switch ]
    };

    key <HKTG> {
    type[Group1]="PC_ALT_LEVEL2",
    symbols[Group1]= [ Hiragana_Katakana, Romaji ]
    };

    key <EISU> {
    type[Group1]="PC_ALT_LEVEL2",
    symbols[Group1]= [ Eisu_toggle ]
    };

    key <KANA> {
    type[Group1]="PC_ALT_LEVEL2",
    symbols[Group1]= [ Hiragana_Katakana ]
    };

    key <PRSC> {
    type[Group1]= "PC_ALT_LEVEL2",
    symbols[Group1]= [ Print, Execute ]
    };
};

partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "henkan" {
    key <XFER> {
    type[Group1]="PC_ALT_LEVEL2",
    symbols[Group1]= [ Henkan, Mode_switch ]
    };
};

partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "OADG109A" {

    include "jp(common)"
    name[Group1]= "Japanese (OADG 109A)";

    key <AE10> { [ 0        ] };
    key <AE13> { [ yen, bar ] };
};

// 86 keys with kana map
partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "kana86" {

    include "srvr_ctrl(fkey2vt)"
    include "pc(editing)"
    include "keypad(numoperdecsep)"
    include "altwin(menu)"
    include "jp(kana)"
    include "jp(OADG109A)"
    name[Group1]= "Japanese (Kana 86)";

    key  <ESC> {    [ Escape    ]   };
    key <NMLK> {    [ Num_Lock  ]   };
    key <BKSP> {    [ BackSpace ]   };
    key  <TAB> {    [ Tab, ISO_Left_Tab ]   };
    key <RTRN> {    [ Return    ]   };
    key <LFSH> {    [ Shift_L   ]   };
    key <RTSH> {    [ Shift_R   ]   };
    key <LWIN> {    [ Super_L   ]   };
    key <LALT> {    [ Alt_L     ]   };
    key <SPCE> {    [ space     ]   };
    key <RALT> {    [ Alt_R     ]   };
    // For compatibility with other keyboards connected at the same time:
    key <RWIN> {    [ Super_R   ]   };
    key <RCTL> {    [ Control_R ]   };
};

partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "kana" {

    name[Group1]= "Japanese (Kana)";

    key <HZTG> {
    type[Group1]="PC_ALT_LEVEL2",
    symbols[Group1]= [ Zenkaku_Hankaku, Kanji ]
    };

    key <AE01> { [ kana_NU      ]   };
    key <AE02> { [ kana_FU      ]   };
    key <AE03> { [ kana_A, kana_a   ]   };
    key <AE04> { [ kana_U, kana_u   ]   };
    key <AE05> { [ kana_E, kana_e   ]   };
    key <AE06> { [ kana_O, kana_o   ]   };
    key <AE07> { [ kana_YA, kana_ya ]   };
    key <AE08> { [ kana_YU, kana_yu ]   };
    key <AE09> { [ kana_YO, kana_yo ]   };
    key <AE10> { [ kana_WA, kana_WO ]   };
    key <AE11> { [ kana_HO      ]   };
    key <AE12> { [ kana_HE      ]   };
    key <AE13> { [ prolongedsound   ]   };

    key <AD01> { [ kana_TA      ]   };
    key <AD02> { [ kana_TE      ]   };
    key <AD03> { [ kana_I, kana_i   ]   };
    key <AD04> { [ kana_SU      ]   };
    key <AD05> { [ kana_KA      ]   };
    key <AD06> { [ kana_N       ]   };
    key <AD07> { [ kana_NA      ]   };
    key <AD08> { [ kana_NI      ]   };
    key <AD09> { [ kana_RA      ]   };
    key <AD10> { [ kana_SE      ]   };
    key <AD11> { [ voicedsound      ]   };
    key <AD12> { [ semivoicedsound, kana_openingbracket ] };

    key <CAPS> { [ Eisu_toggle, Caps_Lock ] };
    key <AC01> { [ kana_CHI     ]   };
    key <AC02> { [ kana_TO      ]   };
    key <AC03> { [ kana_SHI     ]   };
    key <AC04> { [ kana_HA      ]   };
    key <AC05> { [ kana_KI      ]   };
    key <AC06> { [ kana_KU      ]   };
    key <AC07> { [ kana_MA      ]   };
    key <AC08> { [ kana_NO      ]   };
    key <AC09> { [ kana_RI      ]   };
    key <AC10> { [ kana_RE      ]   };
    key <AC11> { [ kana_KE      ]   };
    key <AC12> { [ kana_MU, kana_closingbracket ] };

    key <AB01> { [ kana_TSU, kana_tsu   ]   };
    key <AB02> { [ kana_SA      ]   };
    key <AB03> { [ kana_SO      ]   };
    key <AB04> { [ kana_HI      ]   };
    key <AB05> { [ kana_KO      ]   };
    key <AB06> { [ kana_MI      ]   };
    key <AB07> { [ kana_MO      ]   };
    key <AB08> { [ kana_NE, kana_comma ]    };
    key <AB09> { [ kana_RU, kana_fullstop ] };
    key <AB10> { [ kana_ME, kana_middledot ]    };
    key <AB11> { [ kana_RO      ]   };
    key <LCTL> { [ Control_L        ]   };

    key <NFER> { [ Muhenkan     ]   };

    key <XFER> {
    type[Group1]="PC_ALT_LEVEL2",
    symbols[Group1]= [ Henkan, Mode_switch ]
    };
    key <HKTG> {
    type[Group1]="PC_ALT_LEVEL2",
    symbols[Group1]= [ Hiragana_Katakana, Romaji ]
    };

    key <PRSC> {
    type[Group1]= "PC_ALT_LEVEL2",
    symbols[Group1]= [ Print, Execute ]
    };
};

partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "nicola_f_bs" {
    key <BKSP> {
    type="",
    symbols[Group1]= [ bracketright, braceright ]
    };
    key <AE10> { [ 0, underscore        ] };
    key <AD11> { [ colon, asterisk      ] };
    key <AC11> { [ BackSpace, BackSpace ] };
    key <AC12> { [ Escape               ] };
    key <AB11> { [ at, grave            ] };
};

// Copied from macintosh_vndr/jp
partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "mac" {
    include "jp(kana)"
    name[Group1]= "Japanese (Macintosh)";

    replace key <CAPS> { [ Caps_Lock ] };
};

partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "hztg_escape" {
    replace key <HZTG> { [ Escape ] };
};

partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "dvorak" {
    include "jp(OADG109A)"
    name[Group1]= "Japanese (Dvorak)";

    key <AE11> { [ at, grave        ] };

    key <AD01> { [ colon, asterisk  ] };
    key <AD02> { [ comma, less      ] };
    key <AD03> { [ period, greater  ] };
    key <AD04> { [ p, P         ] };
    key <AD05> { [ y, Y         ] };
    key <AD06> { [ f, F         ] };
    key <AD07> { [ g, G         ] };
    key <AD08> { [ c, C         ] };
    key <AD09> { [ r, R         ] };
    key <AD10> { [ l, L         ] };
    key <AD11> { [ slash, question  ] };

    key <AC02> { [ o, O         ] };
    key <AC03> { [ e, E         ] };
    key <AC04> { [ u, U         ] };
    key <AC05> { [ i, I         ] };
    key <AC06> { [ d, D         ] };
    key <AC07> { [ h, H         ] };
    key <AC08> { [ t, T         ] };
    key <AC09> { [ n, N         ] };
    key <AC10> { [ s, S         ] };
    key <AC11> { [ minus, equal     ] };

    key <AB01> { [ semicolon, plus  ] };
    key <AB02> { [ q, Q         ] };
    key <AB03> { [ j, J         ] };
    key <AB04> { [ k, K         ] };
    key <AB05> { [ x, X         ] };
    key <AB06> { [ b, B         ] };
    key <AB08> { [ w, W         ] };
    key <AB09> { [ v, V         ] };
    key <AB10> { [ z, Z         ] };
};

// EXTRAS:

partial alphanumeric_keys
    xkb_symbols "sun_type6_suncompat" {
    include "sun_vndr/jp(sun_type6_suncompat)"
};

partial alphanumeric_keys
    xkb_symbols "sun_type6" {
    include "sun_vndr/jp(sun_type6)"
};

partial alphanumeric_keys
    xkb_symbols "sun_type7_suncompat" {
    include "sun_vndr/jp(sun_type7_suncompat)"
};

partial alphanumeric_keys
    xkb_symbols "suncompat" {
    include "sun_vndr/jp(suncompat)"
};

partial alphanumeric_keys
    xkb_symbols "sun_type7" {
    include "sun_vndr/jp(sun_type7)"
};

You can find the keycodes in here.


How do I copy music from ipod nano to computer (Banshee)

To copy tracks resident on the iPod back onto a PC use gtkpod (click here to install).


Black screen after entering the password on Ubuntu Gnome 16.04

There seems to be an error in the last kernel update.
Try to use an older kernel version under extended boot options.

4.4.0.42 --> stable ! with Intel GPU.


How to take advantage of VirtualBox paravirtualization in an Ubuntu guest?

From Virtualbox manual:

  Most mainstream, modern operating systems, including Windows and
  Linux, ship with support for one or more paravirtualization
  interfaces. Hence, there is typically no need to install additional
  software in the guest (including VirtualBox Guest Additions) to make
  use of this feature.

  VirtualBox provides the following interfaces:

  Minimal: Announces the presence of a virtualized environment. Additionally, reports the TSC and APIC frequency to the guest
  operating system. This provider is mandatory for running any Mac OS X
  guests.
  KVM: Presents a Linux KVM hypervisor interface which is recognized by Linux kernels starting with version 2.6.25. VirtualBox's
  implementation currently supports paravirtualized clocks and SMP
  spinlocks. This provider is recommended for Linux guests.
  Hyper-V: Presents a Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor interface which is recognized by Windows 7 and newer operating systems.
  VirtualBox's implementation currently supports paravirtualized clocks,
  APIC frequency reporting, guest crash reporting and relaxed timer
  checks. This provider is recommended for Windows guests.

Ubuntu kernels are compiled with KVM guest support, as you can see in the output of grep CONFIG_KVM_GUEST /boot/config-*, so there's no need to change anything in the guest system.

I think you should install Guest Additions. I didn't run any benchmark but I felt the guest system more fluid and responsive with Guest Additions & KVM when compared to KVM alone. Also, without Guest Additions you won't be able to access shared folders or copy/paste between host and guest.


Is it possible to connect both a bluetooth headset and a ps3 controller via bluetooth wirelessly?

I figured half of it out. This bug submission matches my problem and the solution (detailed at comment #7) worked for me, too.
Long story short, qtsixa removes the execute attribute of /usr/sbin/bluetoothd (the bluetooth service), so it cannot run anymore.
I fixed it by stopping qtsixa with

sixad --stop

After wich I modified the attributes of the service like this

sudo chmod +x /usr/sbin/bluetoothd

And then started the service

sudo systemctl start bluetooth.service

Running the sixad --start command however reverts all of the above. I have yet to integrate all this into a startup command.


I had the same problem, for some reason the brightness of the screen was turned low. Click on the function key to increase the brightness (it should be in the top row on your keyboard with a sun and a plus icon). Once you increase the brightness it should work fine.


Correcting /var permissions to it's original state

My /var/ holds the folllowing files:

drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 2012-04-05 04:51 backups
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root  4096 2012-04-03 07:06 cache
drwxrwsrwt 31 root whoopsie 4096 2012-04-03 07:06 crash
drwxr-xr-x 31 root root  4096 2012-04-03 07:06 lib
drwxrwsr-x  2 root staff 4096 2008-04-15 05:53 local
lrwxrwxrwt  3 root root     9 2012-04-03 07:09 lock -> /run/lock
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root  4096 2012-05-15 04:40 log
drwxrwsrwt  2 root mail  4096 2010-07-23 07:32 mail
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 2009-02-12 08:08 opt
lrwxr-xr-x 15 root root   520 2012-05-15 07:55 run -> /run
drwxr-xr-x  7 root root  4096 2010-07-23 07:20 spool
drwxrwxrwt  2 root root  4096 2012-05-14 14:20 tmp

From this you should be able to set permissions back to what they need to be.


Difference between uvt-kvm and multipass

The primary difference will be that Multipass is cross-platform, and more directed at users than Ubuntu developers. It also supports images outside of the "Ubuntu Cloud" set (like Ubuntu Core and Appliances).
It also is more featured, with direct support of mounts, file transfers, cloud-init and more.
Ify you want to stay tuned, we're on the Ubuntu Discourse.


How to install 32bit Libraries in 64bit Ubuntu

You probably do not want the debug package here. What you likely need to install are libstdc++6:i386 libgcc1:i386 and perhaps other 32-bit versions of libraries. Generally, you can append :i386 to the normal package name, to install the 32-bit version, where appropriate, and when the package supports multi-arch.


how do I attack Ubuntu with Kali when ports are close?

Can I do an attack?

Yes. You already did didn't you? Or did you mean: how do I gain access when all ports are closed? Well then ... not through those ports. You need something to enter in from. Likely internet (80) is open on the machine.

  Which attack?

Find an exploit and abuse it. In regards to internet: find out what browser you use (:)) on that system and find an exploit for that browser (good luck finding one) and see if you can get a command prompt through that.

Mozilla has a list of known-vulnerabilities for their products.
So does Google for Chrome.
And Chromium.

Good luck though. Social engineering is the easier of these 2.


Does Ubuntu plan to move to btrfs as default filesystem?

I'm not sure when, or even if, Debian or Ubuntu will switch to Btrfs as the default root filesystem. Seeing as how it's just recently "become stable" I wouldn't be surprised if it were years before it reached Debian Stable (but Ubuntu's based on Debian Unstable...). If it were me, I'd wait and see how it goes for openSUSE for a while.

It seems that "snapshot and rollback [is] the killer function of Btrfs" mentioned in this openSUSE news page, but it sounds like a solid backup strategy that you can implement in any FS today with a little effort. I do like the compression feature, I think it uses ZLIB now, but I don't think it would compare to something like what xz uses by default.

This guy on LinuxBSDos.com says "With Btrfs the default on openSUSE, when will other distros follow suit," but says that while a default install uses Btrfs on root, that " a separate partition for /home, uses XFS." Then adds "One thing that caught my attention in openSUSE 13.2 is that the root partition cannot be encrypted, with Btrfs selected. I think that’s because in the default partitioning scheme, there’s no separate partition for /boot."
A comment makes the educated guess that "Btrfs is on root because in case of unexpected troubles, you can always re-install the system. While on /home where there are user data, you can not count on a re-install."

I actually didn't know Btrfs was stable, just read that it became "stable" sometime around August 2014 - if Wikipedia qualifies as a good source (Ubuntu's Community Help Wiki on Btrfs says Wikipedia is a "more info" link on Btrfs...), the link to the Btrfs Wiki says it's "no longer unstable," and still has:

  The Btrfs code base is under heavy development. Every effort is being made to keep it stable and fast. Due to the fast development speed, the state of development of the filesystem improves noticeably with every new Linux version, so it's recommended to run the most modern kernel possible.

Debian's Wiki doesn't appear to have any new news about btrfs, mentions that it's been in the kernel since 2.6.29 (23 March, 2009)

Actually the Btrfs Wiki's FAQ doesn't appear to have news about it's stability newer than Dec 2012 about either (I'm sure updating documentation is low on the priorities, but hitting stable seems like a milestone to me):

    Is btrfs stable?

    Short answer: No, it's still considered experimental.

    Long answer: Nobody is going to magically stick a label on the btrfs code and say "yes, this is now stable and bug-free". Different people have different concepts of stability: a home user who wants to keep their ripped CDs on it will have a different requirement for stability than a large financial institution running their trading system on it. If you are concerned about stability in commercial production use, you should test btrfs on a testbed system under production workloads to see if it will do what you want of it. In any case, you should join the mailing list (and hang out in IRC) and read through problem reports and follow them to their conclusion to give yourself a good idea of the types of issues that come up, and the degree to which they can be dealt with. Whatever you do, we recommend keeping good, tested, off-system (and off-site) backups.

    Pragmatic answer: (2012-12-19) Many of the developers and testers run btrfs as their primary filesystem for day-to-day usage, or with various forms of "real" data. With reliable hardware and up-to-date kernels, we see very few unrecoverable problems showing up. As always, keep backups, test them, and be prepared to use them.

The Fedora Project Wiki about Btrfs in it's "Btrfs filesystem DRAFT" says "As of Fedora 16 it is slated to be the default filesystem," but that was released back in 2011, so I think that page is useless...

The Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Storage Administration Guide calls Btrfs a "Technology Preview" and that RedHat version was released 10 June 2014 (with "End of Production 1 Phase" of Q4 2019).

In Red Hat, What does a "Technology Preview" feature mean?

    Technology Preview features are currently unsupported, may not be functionally complete, and are not suitable for deployment in production. However, these features are provided to the customer as a courtesy and the primary goal is for the feature to gain wider exposure with the goal of full support in the future.


Run Virtualbox at boot without a Desktop Enviroment

If you mean without desktop environment of the operating system on which virtualbox is installed, it doesn't seem likely to me (virtualbox is a program and hence needs the majority of an operating system loaded to work)

Also, why would this be required, could you not just then install the operating system you are sandboxing on a separate partition (and it would probably work better than from inside virtualbox?). At least as far as I can see, the main advantage of running virtualbox is to be able to simultaneously use two operating systems. If you have minimal desktop environment then surely you lose a lot of functionality for that OS.

However, if you mean you want the sandboxed system to be minimal (for example, just command line interface) then this is much more feasible


Ubuntu 16.10 - deleted files don't go to trash and keep taking space

As mentioned earlier (see my comment to your question), I filed a bug report which was merged with this report -> https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/glib2.0/+bug/1633824. The root cause could be located - it was an issue with the glib2.0 packages and finally a fix is released.

To apply the bug fix, enable the yakkety-proposed repository as described here. Then open a terminal and execute : sudo apt install libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin libglib2.0-data. Afterwards log out and back in and now everything regarding the trash will work as expected.

To revert back the configuration, disable the yakkety-proposed repository. Of course you alternatively can wait until the new glib2.0 version is released to the main repositories.


Display all the folders which do not have any sub directory

You could do a find-within-a-find e.g.

find . -type d -exec bash -c '
  [[ -z $(find "$1" -mindepth 1 -type d -print -quit) ]] && printf "%s\n" "$1"
' bash {} \;

If you don't want the leading path components, then

find . -type d -exec bash -c '
  [[ -z $(find "$1" -mindepth 1 -type d -print -quit) ]] && printf "%s\n" "${1##*/}"
' bash {} \;

I can't help feeling there ought to be a "smart" way to do it using -depth


Turns out that I had an issue with RabbitMQ. The landscape-appserver was unable to authenticate to RabbitMQ. Once I resolved this, I was able to remove the machines without issue.


Ubuntu 20.04 works normal except the cursor (mouse pointer) is blinking almost all the time

Turning off fraction scaling also fixed this issue for me. To get to this, go to:
Settings > Screen Display > Fractional Scaling


Preserve permission switch not working with cp?

You're logged in as ijohn and copying a file owned by root. cp command can not work around Linux's security machinery - your user is not allowed to create files owned by root or change ownersip of files to root. Doing so would be a security problem.

If you need to copy files owned by other users, do so using sudo:

sudo cp --preserve /etc/passwd

Here's a good explanation I found on linuxquestions.org:

  the -p argument works for all users in the constraint of that users
  abilities on the system. generally non-root users will be able to
  preserve ownership of their files that they own and are owned by a
  group that the specific non-root user belongs to. they cannot preserve
  ownership of files owned by other users (albeit, there may be ways
  around this depending on the suid, guid, and sticky bits). root can
  preserve the ownership of files owned by different users, because root
  has full system priveledges. but joe_schmoe can not preserve the
  ownership of files owned by root or files owned by billy, etc.
  depending on where the file will be copied to, joe_schmoe can only
  preserve file ownership of files owned by joe_schmoe and owned by a
  group joe_schmoe belongs to.


Ubuntu Asus VivoBook N580vd-fi038t keyboard issue

Just install last kernel for ubuntu. I use 4.14 version.


Connect to a network using only keyboard

Press Alt+F10 to open the menu, then navigate to NetworkManager icon using the arrow keys.


You seem to be missing TCL. You can install it using command:
sudo apt install tcl


I cannot clear syslog but I can remove it?

truncate -s 0 /var/log/syslog

working for me on 18.04. Got it from here:

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2191156


Removing site-packages for corrupted paths?

It appears that the main reason for the corrupted paths is that the motherboard on the laptop that is being used is damaged which is causing many different types of errors.

The way to fix this problem on good hardware does not require reinstalling Ubuntu. Open the terminal and type:

ls /usr/lib/python3.7

The results of ls /usr/lib/python3.7 may show a directory named site.packages. The site.packages directory may contain several directories in it which have Python packages that you may have installed with pip3 to use in your Django project in Ubuntu 19.04 for which python3.7 is the base interpreter. Let's look at an example. Let's suppose that there is a directory in the site.packages directory named Django. If such a directory exists, then it was installed by pip3.  To uninstall this instance of Django that was installed by pip3 run:

sudo pip3 uninstall Django

Please note that you must use sudo in the above command because the /usr/lib/python3.7/site.packages directory is owned by root. If the site.packages directory is located in your home folder, then it is not owned by root and you don't need to use sudo to uninstall a Python package from this directory. You could uninstall a Python package from this directory with a command of the form pip3 uninstall package-name


CD trays will open via the Eject button on the front of them when powered, even if not connected to a motherboard so I suggest checking that the power is connected properly (Are there any blinking lights? Can you hear it's internal workings?) and press the eject button. As commenters have suggested, it may be jammed by a disk inside, at which point you may need to disassemble it.

I once had a problem where I could not for the life of me get a disc to read, only to eventually find out that the SATA cable had come loose. Never rule out the possibility of a poor connection.


Is there any other software that can make PPT except libreoffice impress?

Well, There are many programs to make Presentation OpenOffice, KOficce,GnomeOffice and Microsoft Office !

you can run Microsoft Office 2007 under wine with no problems, as my friend said.

Hope it Helps.


how to uninstall sublime text3 completely?

uninstall sublime-text-3 using purge or --purge remove option it will uninstall completely.

if you install sublime-text-installer from this link then uninstall using

sudo apt-get purge sublime-text-installer

or
if you downloaded from here then uninstall using command

sudo dpkg -P sublime-text

then remove dependencies if any using command

sudo apt-get autoremove

then install again if you are getting any problem with your installation method then use this method

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/sublime-text-3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sublime-text-installer

i have tested this on Ubuntu 14.04 .its working for me .


I have 16GB of ram and ubuntu 16.04 and i don't have this issue.

Maybe you have some extra compiz plugins enabled.

you can reset your compiz config to the default by running this command

dconf reset -f /org/compiz/


Grub fail under Ubuntu 14.04 and Windows 10

I respond for this question: What to do to start damaged GRUB. As I am pretty newbie I just googled and it worked well. My notebook is Lenovo G50.

1) get functioning live linux system. (in my case Ubuntu 14.04 live on USB)

I think this is proper help in English:
(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick)

2) then using Boot-repair utility. (totally new for me)

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

which was quite straightforward to install and launch.

3) I have NO guarantee it will work.

4) Both system start from GRUB. But in menu there is more choices than it used to be. (Recovery modes which I do not know).


How to log in to admin account from a non-admin account?

exit is the command you are looking for.

It will exit the current user's shell session and return to its parent, which in this case is the session of the admin user.


Microsoft Word, Excel and Powerpoint won't save or open files

Here are the steps needed to install Microsoft Office on Linux (in my case Office Pro 2007, Ubuntu 11.10 with gnome-shell)

Install Wine 1.3
Install Wine Tricks
Right click on office.exe file
Wine walks you through installation
Open Wine Tricks, select the default prefix
Click Add Windows dll
Add riched20 and riched30
Open Wine configure
Click Add Application, navigate to the individual .exe files (e.g. winword.exe, excel.exe)
For those applications, hit the drop down menu and select Windows XP, making Wine emulate Windows XP just for office programs.


Can't connect to projector on ubuntu 18.04 install any more, but working with live USB

The problem was solved by reinstalling the system and going back to the old linux kernel (4.15.0-29). Probably there was some inconsistency between the newer kernel and the nvidia graphics driver which caused the problem.


Why doesn't the IR module lirc_ene0100 exist in kernel 2.6.36?

See: https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/116190/

I honestly can't say what's going on there but it seems (to an ignoramus like myself) very relevant. If you can't make heads or tails from that either, you might do best to ask Maxim directly about the change.


How to open a terminal and close it again (when script ends)?

If you want to do this inside your script file, add this to the end of your file. This will send a SIGKILL signal to the script's parent process, so if there is one bash linked to the terminal, this will kill the terminal, but if there's more than one bash linked to the terminal, it won't kill the terminal.
kill -9 $PPID

Or you can run your script this way, and the terminal will be closed after the script is finished:
./your_script.sh && exit


squid3 does not have any file in /etc/init.d/

Service startup script file for squid is in :

/etc/init/squid3.conf

Different programs use different ways of starting up.
Not every program that you can start stop is going to be in /etc/init.d/.


@Kroma, I would suggest to use MAAS+JUJU to deploy OpenStack.

Process would be as follows:

1) Deploy MAAS + add your Vms/physical servers to it.

2) Deploy JUJU and bootstrap with MAAS

3) Deploy OpenStack via JUJU (vm/machines will be provisioned via MAAS)

Also if you are trying to deploy OpenStack just to test funcionality, show others (play with it), my suggestion would be to use conjure-up https://www.ubuntu.com/download/cloud/try-openstack


Managing workspace and open programs with a bash script

the script says to wait until opera ends (ie. exits) before continuing to the next window of opera ... so it's doing what is scripted.

The & on many of your lines tell it to do the command in the background (ie. don't wait), which isn't on the opera, spotify lines which means the script pauses until those lines finish.


Unable to install any applications/software

Run first this:

sudo apt-get install -f
The option -f will fix broken packages in case there are any and also is neccessary sometimes when apt-get is run for the first time.

Then run:
sudo apt-get update
and:
sudo apt-get install desmume

or sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install desmume
(it is the same but with the &&)

Hope you'll fix the problem!