This is a very confusing question, what do you mean when you say you use Mozilla? Mozilla Firefox? That's a browser, which cannot handle networking by itself. If you can browse through Firefox, congratulations, you ARE connected to the network.

This is the first guide that comes up when googling "ubuntu connect to wifi": https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/net-wireless-connect.html

How does this procedure differ from what you did to connect?

Quote from link:

  If you have a wireless hardware switch on your computer, make sure
  that it is turned on.

  Click the network menu in the menu bar, and click the name of the
  network you want to connect to.

  If the name of the network isn't in the list, select More Networks to
  see if the network is further down the list. If you still don't see
  the network, you may be out of range or the network might be hidden.

  If the network is protected by a password (encryption key), enter the
  password when prompted and click Connect.

  If you do not know the key, it may be written on the underside of the
  wireless router or base station, in its instruction manual, or you may
  have to ask the person who administers the wireless network.

  The network icon will change appearance as the computer attempts to
  connect to the network.

  If the connection is successful, the icon will change to a dot with
  several bars above it. More bars indicate a stronger connection to the
  network. If there aren't many bars, the connection is weak and might
  not be very reliable.


How do I find the program to associate with a file on the web?

You are correct to use the "Lauch Application" dialogue box to create file associations.  Another way to do get to the dialogue in the future is to right click on the file of interest and choose "open with".

The ubuntu-software-center handles .deb file types, and would be what you would want to look for if the link was directly to a .deb file.

However, in this case you to open that can handle 'apt:' uris.  This program is called apt-url which on a standard Ubuntu install can be found at:

 /usr/bin/apturl


Bluetooth settings not clickable, how do I set it up?

Try this alternative way

Get your bluetooth device MAC or BT ADD or BlueTooth Address: XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX

In a terminal:

sudo apt-get install bluez

libbluetooth3 will also be installed.

sudo apt-get install python-gobject python-dbus
sudo bluez-simple-agent hci0 XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX

Press the reset or pair button on your keyboard, simple-agent will ask to specify a pin like 1111, then type that pin on the bt keyboard and your bt keyboard is paired.

sudo bluez-test-device trusted XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX yes
sudo /etc/init.d/bluetooth restart

Now your device should be working. Check:

dmesg|tail

The last messages should be about the paired keyboard (and mouse in my case)


Routes in Netplan... using routes: from the example says unknown key

As you stated in your question, the netplan man page is wrong. In the example in the man page routes are incorrectly placed on the same level as ethernets:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
    id0:
      match:
        macaddress: 00:11:22:33:44:55
      wakeonlan: true
      dhcp4: true
      addresses:
      - 192.168.14.2/24
      ...
  routes:
  - to: 0.0.0.0/0
    via: 11.0.0.1
    metric: 3

The correct way is to place the routes under the interface that the routes go via, for example:

network:
  ...
  ethernets:
    id0:
      addresses:
      - 10.0.0.2/24
      ...
      routes:
      - to: 192.168.0.0/16
        via: 10.0.0.1


How do I copy files with punctuation in them?

You could use the following script, assuming you want to copy all the files from a directory DIR1 to another DIR2 on your USB key.

If your file selection is more complicated you can adapt the script e.g. by using find.

If you have other illegal characters, just add further sed commands.

#!/bin/bash

DIR1=/path/to/origin
DIR2=/path/to/target

for file in `ls $DIR1`
do
   newfile=`echo $file |  sed 's/\./_stop_/g' | sed 's/,/_comma_/g'`
   cp $DIR1/$file $DIR2/$newfile
done


how to find the list of binaries/packages a source provides

You have to use the showsrc subcommand of apt or apt-cache.
See man apt-cache or online for details.
Below is the output from my Ubuntu 16.04 LTS:

$ apt-cache showsrc linux
Package: linux
Binary: linux-source-4.4.0, linux-doc, linux-headers-4.4.0-21, linux-libc-dev,
linux-tools-common, linux-tools-4.4.0-21, linux-cloud-tools-common,
linux-cloud-tools-4.4.0-21, linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic,
linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-generic, linux-headers-4.4.0-21-generic,
linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic-dbgsym, linux-tools-4.4.0-21-generic,
linux-cloud-tools-4.4.0-21-generic, linux-udebs-generic,
linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic-lpae,
linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-generic-lpae,
linux-headers-4.4.0-21-generic-lpae,
linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic-lpae-dbgsym,
linux-tools-4.4.0-21-generic-lpae,
linux-cloud-tools-4.4.0-21-generic-lpae, linux-udebs-generic-lpae,
linux-image-4.4.0-21-lowlatency,
linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-lowlatency,
linux-headers-4.4.0-21-lowlatency,
linux-image-4.4.0-21-lowlatency-dbgsym,
linux-tools-4.4.0-21-lowlatency,
linux-cloud-tools-4.4.0-21-lowlatency, linux-udebs-lowlatency,
linux-image-4.4.0-21-powerpc-e500mc,
linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-powerpc-e500mc,
linux-headers-4.4.0-21-powerpc-e500mc,
linux-image-4.4.0-21-powerpc-e500mc-dbgsym,
linux-tools-4.4.0-21-powerpc-e500mc,
linux-cloud-tools-4.4.0-21-powerpc-e500mc, linux-udebs-powerpc-e500mc,
linux-image-4.4.0-21-powerpc-smp,
linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-powerpc-smp,
linux-headers-4.4.0-21-powerpc-smp,
linux-image-4.4.0-21-powerpc-smp-dbgsym,
linux-tools-4.4.0-21-powerpc-smp,
linux-cloud-tools-4.4.0-21-powerpc-smp, linux-udebs-powerpc-smp,
linux-image-4.4.0-21-powerpc64-emb,
linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-powerpc64-emb,
linux-headers-4.4.0-21-powerpc64-emb,
linux-image-4.4.0-21-powerpc64-emb-dbgsym,
linux-tools-4.4.0-21-powerpc64-emb,
linux-cloud-tools-4.4.0-21-powerpc64-emb, linux-udebs-powerpc64-emb,
linux-image-4.4.0-21-powerpc64-smp,
linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-powerpc64-smp,
linux-headers-4.4.0-21-powerpc64-smp,
linux-image-4.4.0-21-powerpc64-smp-dbgsym,
linux-tools-4.4.0-21-powerpc64-smp,
linux-cloud-tools-4.4.0-21-powerpc64-smp,  linux-udebs-powerpc64-smp
Version: 4.4.0-21.37
Priority: optional
Section: devel
...


You must open the log file as root. Enter this in the terminal:

sudo gedit /var/log/logkeys.log


Get my app, having a kernel module, accepted by the review process of the Ubuntu Software Center

FYI you can't use Launchpad (and a PPA) for closed source:

From https://answers.launchpad.net/launchpad/+faq/585

For Launchpad's purposes, a "project" is a body of work that is useable by itself. The project does not have to be software: it could be documentation, or any other kind of creative work. However, if it depends on proprietary (non-open-source) components to be useable in its normal mode of use or operation, then it would not qualify for free hosting. Proprietary projects are still welcome to use Launchpad, they just require a commercial subscription.

Best regards.


You have to change the keymap that logkeys uses.

You have to understand that logkeys is made in such a way that it can work on different keyboards all over the world. These keyboards come in different languages, accents etc. logkeys comes with a default keymap. I, for one, found that this keymap did not print output correctly for me too, and hence, I changed this keymap.

First, try running logkeys with the --us-keymap option.

If this doesn't solve your problem, read the "Keymap Format" section from the logkeys manpage to see how it works. After that, do:

sudo logkeys --export-keymap ~/my_keymap

and try fixing this file by experimenting with it. The way you do this is to change this file, and use this file as your keymap by doing:

sudo logkeys -s -m ~/my_keymap

If you can't seem to fix it by yourself, provide the output of the my_keymap file that we created above, here, and we will try to fix the problem.

PS: Try out the --no-func-keys option to make reading the log easier.


I had the same problem after upgrading to Ubuntu 12.10. Actually the solution is quite simple.
Just go to the menu TOOLS>OPTIONS and search for the java section. There select the JRE installed, press OK, restart and thats all.


How to Create (Overcome Errors) Greater than 4GB Persistence for USB Ubuntu

Persistent partitions have not worked with syslinux type installs, (SDC, Unetbootin, Pendrivelinux, Universal), since 14.04.

If you want to use persistent partitions nowadays you need to use a grub2 type installer, (mkusb or dus).

Mkusb can make persistent partitions and format any remaining space to NTFS so it can be used by Linux or Windows.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb

Edit Aug/2017 - Persistence files > 4GB

Syslinux started adding support for NTFS with version 4.06 but did not offer full support until version 6.03.

UNetbootin - 655 uses Syslinux 4.03 and is limited to 4GB persistence files per FAT32.

MultiBootUSB - 8.8 uses Syslinux 4.07 and will install on NTFS, persistence files are not limited to 4GB.

Rufus 2.16 uses Syslinux 6.03 and will install on NTFS, persistence files are not provided but can be added manually and are not limited to 4GB.

YUMI - 2.0.4.9, (MultiBoot USB), uses Syslinux 6.03 and will install on NTFS, persistence files are not limited to 4GB. Like MBUSB 8.8 it can have persistence files for each distro installed.


Broken wifi (rtl8812au) after 16.04 update to kernel 4.13.0-26

There is apparently a bug in the code for the rtl8812 (the wifi that you have) and the module does not build correctly in the new kernel

Please see https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/rtl8812au/+bug/1742426

I would encourage you to add your name to the list of people who have this problem, as you will receive mail when someone is working on the subject, and they may find a work around or ask you to test something to assist in debugging the problem.


Skyrim Special Edition voices not working, steam play, wine and xact, what is GOING ON

Okay, i am so excited, because i searched for a long time and finally fixed this myself. Just a heads up, this might be incomplete.
To make this work, the proton "layer" requires access to some specific xaudio dll's, most notable the xaudio2_7 dll.
In here i'll condense my answer down to "what works" and try not to go to deep in to "why". First off because i would not call myself an "expert" in this topic and secondly because it is really messy and complicated. If someone want's to got in the deepend of this, feel free :)
How can you get this?
There are multiple layers to "what works" and you might find yourself satisfied earlier or later.
1
The most common fix appears to be, to install xact through winetricks (as for example discussed here, here and in many, many more parts all over the internet.
For that, you can run the following command:
WINEPREFIX=$HOME/.steam/steam/steamapps/compatdata/489830/pfx winetricks --force xact

This will (in the loostest terms possible) install the required xaudio dlls (and more) into the wine-layer used by proton.
Alternatively, you can also manually add the xaudio2_7 dll to you game, because where some crashes reported, which appears to be caused by installing the whole xact. For that run
WINEPREFIX=$HOME/.steam/steam/steamapps/compatdata/489830/pfx winecfg

and navigate to the "libraries" tab, enter "xaudio2_7", click add and you are done.
2
That didn't work? Okay, try to adjust the access level of the proton-layer. You can specify which parts the proton-layer should use, by doing the following:
run this command:
WINEPREFIX=$HOME/.steam/steam/steamapps/compatdata/489830/pfx winecfg

In the freshly opened window, navigate to the tab "libraries"
Select either *xaudio2_7 and/or xaudio2_7 and play with their access level from "Native" to "Native then Builtin". There have been multiple different positive results reported for all possible configurations.
Some even reported success with adjusting xaudio2_6 with that.
3
According to some other sources (like this issue on the proton github site itself), this does not always fix the issue.
I also found myself in this scenario. In this case, it appears that steam might override the wine access settings, which we set in 2.
This is a bit more tedious to "fix" but also can be done easily, by doing this:

Rightclick your game in the steam library.
Click on "Properties"
Add this to the "Lauchoptions" field WINEDLLOVERRIDES="xaudio2_7=n,b" %command%

This explicitly overrides the access level of the xaudio2_7 to "Native then Builtin).
By the way: With this fix there can also finally be sound for Fallout 4 :)
Last straw
If everything else fails, try to do this (as reported here), though it should not be needed.
Download the latest FAudio build from https://github.com/Kron4ek/FAudio-Builds/releases, and untar. Then cd into the untared folder and run
WINEPREFIX=~/.steam/steam/steamapps/compatdata/489830/pfx bash wine_setup_faudio.sh

Now if you'll excuse me, I'll have 2 new games to attend to, i previously could not play because there was no dialog/sound and hopefully you will soon too :)
Have a great day everyone!


If you look at the contents of the PPA itself:

https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-mozilla-daily/+archive/ppa/+packages

You'll see that there are no packages currently being built for 10.10 in that PPA.


You want to boot from USB Drive.

Read here http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000192.htm


I also had trouble recently setting up themes in Gnome Tweak... had to do it from terminal. Maybe that can help you:

# Applications
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme 'Pop'

# Icons
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface icon-theme 'Pop'

# Cursor
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface cursor-theme 'Pop'


If the initial link I gave you did not work,

sudo gedit /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head

Add your nameserver(s) , for example

  nameserver 8.8.8.8

  nameserver 8.8.4.4

save your changes and close gedit

Then run

sudo resolvconf -u


How to remove execute permission from all txt files in Ubuntu

To remove the execute bit from all .txt files in your home directory and all its subdirectories, try:

find "$HOME" -type f -executable -name '*.txt' -execdir chmod a-x {} +

How it works:

find "$HOME"

This starts find looking for files starting with your home directory and recursively including all subdirectories
-type f

This tells find to look only for regular files, not directories.

It is important to restrict the search to regular files because, if we remove the execute bit from a directory, that directory become inaccessible.
-executable

This tells find to look only for files which have the executable bit set.
-name '*.txt'

This tells find to look only for files whose names match the glob *.txt.
-execdir chmod a-x {} +

This tells find to execute chmod a-x on any such files found.

We use -execdir, as opposed to -exec, because it is more reliable should the names of directories change while this command is running.

The + at the end of the form -execdir chmod a-x {} + tells find to run fewer instances of chmod by putting many files on each chmod command line if possible.


which is the best ubuntu for intel atom processor

Try Xubunu.  Xubuntu is based on Ubuntu, but it uses the XFCE desktop environment.

  Xubuntu is an elegant and easy-to-use operating system. Xubuntu comes
  with Xfce, which is a stable, light and configurable desktop
  environment.

  Xubuntu is perfect for those who want the most out of their desktops,
  laptops and netbooks with a modern look and enough features for
  efficient, daily usage. It works well on older hardware too.

For more info, and to download, see the Website

Source:Xubuntu


I also has this problem. but it's solved, when i replace my kernal to 4.4.15.

link for kernal 4.4.15

download the link on it.
if your computer is 64 bit download first 4 link.
and extract to a specific folder.
open a terminal from there.
and write the code.

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

that's all.....


Printer driver - ps, pcl, pxl, which one to choose?

PostScript and PCL are the most commenly used Page Description Languages, that means the low level language that printers understand.
PCL comes in different versions (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_Command_Language), PXL being PCL-XL or PCL6 (Enhanced) being the latest and greatest version.
Most printers only support either PostScript or PCL (a specific or several versions of it).
According to it's specifications it looks like your printer model seems to supports both PostScript and PCL6 and 5c.

Generally you should use the PostScript driver if your printer supports it since this will give maximum output quality. The PXL or PCL6 driver can be used as alternative to PostScript if the printer has problems in PostScript mode, like interpreter bugs or low memory. The PCL(5c) driver will probably give you no extra benefit (perhaps the PXL is only b/w and PCL is for color, depends on the info inside the PPDS and how well your printer supports PCL6).

The "best" driver really depends upon what you expect of it: speed or maximum output quality and also depends on the input that is used (b/w or color and text/line art or photo). It could be that the PXL is faster for just text in b/w while the PostScript gives better output quality for photo in color, just do a small test to find out or use them both for different purposes.


Error Processing Archive - Installing CUDA on Ubuntu 20.04

Similar to this issue: https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/problem-with-apt-and-nvidia-440-on-ubuntu-20-04/115281/2
Can be solved by running:
$ sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-common-450_450.51.06-0ubuntu1_all.deb
$ sudo apt --fix-broken install


If the project is one document, don't is posible pin this document from the launcher.If the project is on other form, answer and i help you


Use Unetbootin. it runs on most platforms or get the universal USB installer for Windows as a host.


Can't upgrade from 18.10 to 19.04 "cannot verify changelogs.ubuntu.com's certificate"

Here's how I solved my problem:

I downloaded the meta-release file over https using curl: curl http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release > ~/.cache/update-manager-core/meta-release.

Then I edited the local /etc/update-manager/meta-release to be:

# default location for the meta-release file

[METARELEASE]
#URI = https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release
URI = file:///home/YOUR-USERNAME/.cache/update-manager-core/meta-release
URI_LTS = https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts
URI_UNSTABLE_POSTFIX = -development
URI_PROPOSED_POSTFIX = -proposed

Note you'll have to change YOUR-USERNAME to the appropriate value on your system.

The upgrade works smoothly now!


How to copy a directory from your home to a system wide one

You are seeing an empty desktop because it is root's desktop directory since you use gksudo to open Nautilus. So, when you open Nautilus just follow this path from the left sidebar:

  --> File system --> home --> your_user_name --> your_desktop

Then copy whatever you want. For an alternative way, you can use terminal for this:

sudo cp -r ~/Desktop/directory_that_will_be_copied /opt/where_to_copy


How to give a normal user access only to the /var/log directory?

Permission to view log files is granted to users being in the group adm.

Ubuntu: Privileges

To add a user to this group on the command line issue:

sudo usermod -aG adm <USER>


Root shows 100% used but drive is not full

You're probably using VPS, quick search on Google shows it. This is quote from answer on https://serverfault.com

  You're using an OpenVZ-based VPS, and on this VPS your root filesystem
  isn't really a filesystem, but a directory on the host. That
  directory on the host has run out of disk space.

  This is a strong sign that your provider has significantly
  overcommitted resources and isn't monitoring them well, or at all. The
  replacement for simfs, known as ploop, is more difficult to
  overcommit, has a stronger guarantee of disk space, and performs
  better.

  I would strongly advise you to find another provider as soon as
  possible. This is very unlikely to be the last problem you will have
  with your current one. (And, of course, one not based on OpenVZ.)

By @Michael Hampton


Java memory usage ballooning to all RAM when running Minecraft Server

Changing the default version of Java to version 7 appears to have corrected the problem; Minecraft server has been running ~ a day without the Java memory leak issue now.  It seems that Minecraft 1.7.2 does not work well with the Java version 6. I had previously installed Java 7 as suggested by another post on this forum using:

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre-headless

However I did not realize that this did not automatically become the default version when java was run.  To change the default version of java:

sudo update-alternatives --config java

Then;

There are 2 choices for the alternative java (providing /usr/bin/java).

  Selection    Path                                            Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
  0            /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java   1061      auto mode
  1            /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java   1061      manual mode
* 2            /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java   1051      manual mode

Press enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

I selected '2', the /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java to be the default. After restarting the Minecraft server, the Java memory usage has remained stable at about 1.1g for about a day now with a number of players using the game (no lag, or other error messages in Minecraft). Previously it would have degraded within a few hours under this scenario.


I figured solution after 6 hours. Someone please help me why it's like that

I enabled a2enmod with command sudo a2enmod rewrite after 6 hours of research I again tried to enable rewrite. This time fortunately I missed sudo and it started working.

Really confusing :(


Ubuntu touch phone does uNav app use UK postcodes?

I have noticed that you are able to enter the initial part of the postcode you want in the search bar and you can go to the rough area. However, it does not seem to want to then narrow down the search when you add the remaining part of the post code. For this reason I also use Here Maps, from the Ubuntu store. With here maps you can search by the full postcode.


How to spoof a USB device's Product and Vendor ID?

In this case it may help to add a udev rule for that USB ID:

Find USB vendor and product IDs with lsusb.
Add a file /etc/udev/rules.d/40-libsane-canoscan-lide-120.rules with the content:

ATTRS{idVendor}=="xxx", ATTRS{idProduct}=="xxx", ENV{libsane_matched}="yes"

Replace xxx with the appropriate IDs from step 1.
(Re-)connect the scanner.

Source: http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Scanner?rev=782618#Erkennungs-Probleme


How to set the monitor to its native resolution which is not listed in the resolutions list?

Native resolution for Samsung SyncMaster B2030 is 1600 * 600 60 Hz

Generate the modeline using cvt:

cvt 1600 900 60

which will be:

# 1600x900 59.95 Hz (CVT 1.44M9) hsync: 55.99 kHz; pclk: 118.25 MHz
Modeline "1600x900_60.00"  118.25  1600 1696 1856 2112  900 903 908 934 -hsync +vsync

Get the name of the output to which your display is connected:

xrandr

This outputs among other things:

Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1600 x 900, maximum 8192 x 8192
VGA1 connected 1600x900+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm

In this example the name of the output is VGA1.
Create the new modeline (with the values from the output of cvt):

xrandr --newmode "1600x900_60.00"  118.25  1600 1696 1856 2112  900 903 908 934 -hsync +vsync

Note:

the above should be in a single line
make note of  x in 1600 x 900_60.00

Add the above created modeline:

xrandr --addmode VGA1 1600x900_60.00

If everything went well xrandr will list your newly added resolution.
Test the newly added resolution:

xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1600x900_60.00

The resolution you set with the above commands will not persist across sessions. Until Ubuntu 11.04 you can add the following lines at the beginning of your /etc/gdm/Init/Default to set the resolution automatically every time you log in:

xrandr --newmode "1600x900_60.00"  118.25  1600 1696 1856 2112  900 903 908 934 -hsync +vsync
xrandr --addmode VGA1 1600x900_60.00
xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1600x900_60.00

This question describes other ways to make xrandr customizations permanent.


After installing Nvidia driver 430 ubuntu 19.04 does not boot and stuck on boot screen

To begin with: First, enable your secure boot feature in the BIOS.
Second remove and purge all your nvidia packages using:

apt-get purge nvidia*

then to remove other dependencies of the NVIDIA driver:

apt-get autoremove

Then, reboot and

apt-get install nvidia-driver-4xx

where xx is the version number.
At the end of installation process it will ask you to set a secure boot password, set it to something (but remember it and write it down).

Then proceed to reboot, which then you will be asked to enroll the key

choose it then enter your password
exit it and proceed to boot.
Done


Install SystemC 2.2.0 on Ubuntu 14.04 for executing Noxim Simulator

Yes but by five error on install systemc-2.2.0 with many bug in the SystemC sources, because they have forgot a couple of include clauses.

To  fix it, add the following includes at the top of file

./src/sysc/utils/sc_utils_ids.cpp

If you want to soft install noxim , my be to boot down version ubuntu
or use vmware to complete install or fix error you should Too much time away.

Iranian proverb: If really want to things, then you found it.

RFC :reference :http://www.noxim.org/


Recovering an Ubuntu installation - Ubuntu eats itself after 'sudo apt-get install -f'

This disaster tends to come about when a broken package (typically one with dependencies that cannot be installed due to their not existing or the user having set up a hold on a specific package version) is present or when the user has installed conflicting dependencies from a PPA. The -f flag tells apt-get to find any solution it can to remove all breakage from the system. In this case the 'solution' was to remove almost every package, so you must have had a really low level conflict somewhere. It looks at what dependency appears to not be installable and either installs or removes packages until it can install that dependency or until all packages that conflict are gone. I once had every piece of GUI software right down to X removed because of an improperly packaged version of Libreoffice.

You can see from this image that a bad wine package from a PPA could indeed kill the whole system:

If libc6 were to be replaced via a PPA with another version that would indeed cause APT to remove the whole system. Just about everything winds up depending on libc6 in the end, including the kernel I think. I'm not saying for sure this was it, just using this as an example to show how dependencies are interconnected.

You can use the LiveUSB to copy your files over before reinstalling or just reinstall with the advanced partitioning settings. I recommend just using the advanced settings to reinstall because it saves you copying any files off the disk, so long as you've not stored anything outside of /home and /srv.

You need to make sure that your ext4 filesystem is set to mount to '/' and that the box under 'Format' is not checked like it is in this image:

Anything not stored in /srv or /home will be DELETED.

If you wish to use the same username you should move or rename your home folder before reinstalling so it can be recreated with fresh configs from /etc/skel. You can then copy configuration files and data from where you moved it to their proper places after the reinstall. This is necessary as some programs (Firefox for example) will not pick up the config files from your old install automatically even if they're already in the home folder the first time you log in. Some programs need to be run first, quit, and then have their configuration files copied over.

I'm pretty sure for evolution you can just copy the .evolution file from your old home to the new one and have it work normally. You may need to run evolution once and close it before copying over like I mentioned above.

As per your comment on how to properly solve this issue, the manual for apt-get (the section about -f) suggests using dpkg --remove $PACKAGE to remove the package causing the problem manually. This should allow apt to run again as the package trying to pull in non-existent or un-installable dependency will be gone.

The problem that killed your machine is a fluke, it simply should not ever happen on a stable release of Ubuntu. The repository system is organized to prevent this from happening, but the addition of random PPA X throws a wrench into what is otherwise a perfect system. I suggest you examine closely the contents of your added PPAs and which software packages are installed (and upgraded to) from them. Several PPAs will upgrade important system packages in order to make the software they contain work. This is great until the newer dependency from the PPA conflicts with the older one in the repo. At this point APT will always install the newest one, and boom, your system will not upgrade any packages because the Ubuntu repo software is still in need of the older library version, which is not going to be installed.

The best of luck to you. Please comment if you have questions or if I can improve this answer.


To achieve what you want run :

fortune | cowsay -f ghostbusters

And for random ... :

fortune | cowsay -f `ls /usr/share/cowsay/cows/ | shuf -n 1`


I have found the problem. When I tried to clone the HDD partition, it also copy /boot/grub from HDD to SSD. For some reason(maybe a bug) grub-install didn't update /boot/grub.

So I deleted /boot/grub from SSD and run grub installation process again.

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
sudo rm -rf /mnt/boot/grub
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/boot/efi
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo grub-install --efi-directory=/mnt/boot/efi --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda
sudo chroot /mnt
update-grub

Now everything is fine.


Auto mount USB drive with permissions for all users

Since you have the UUID, you can edit /etc/fstab and add an entry like so:

UUID=<the UUID> /media/drivename vfat rw,nofail,umask=022,uid=<UID>,gid=<GID> 0 0

Replace <UID> and <GID> with the output of id -u and id -g respectively.

Explanation:

We need the UUID since the drive is a removable one, and we can't rely on /dev/sdXY as an identifier.
vfat is the mount type for FAT32 systems
The nofail option should prevent mount from complaining, or your boot from being held up, if the disk is not present.
The uid=<UID>,gid=<GID> options set the ownership of all files and folders in the mounted disk, since FAT32 doesn't have a Unix-like permission/ownership structure. This doesn't affect the files themselves, only the mounted representation. Ditto for the umask.


Let's assume that your file's path is : /home/username/folder1/file.txt and you want to create a Desktop shortcut for that file.
You need to open the terminal and run the following command:

ln -s <absolute_path_of_the_file> <shortcut_path>

So in this example, it will be:

ln -s /home/username/folder1/file.txt /home/username/Desktop/

Don't forget to include the absolute path of the file, otherwise the shortcut will be broken.


USB DAC in 13.04 does not appear in Settings or lsusb

This is a workaround to test.

Unplug the USB DAC
Swich to root sudo su
Run:

clear ; modprobe -r usbhid ; echo "Plug now your USB DAC then wait" ; sleep 60 ; modprobe usbhid ; echo "Timeout Now, Test your DAC" ;

What gonna happen:

usbhid will unloaded from kernel and your USB mouse and keyboard stop working.
A message on terminal showed to you "Plug now your USB DAC then wait". So you plug your USB DAC before 60sec delay pass.
Wait till a message appear "Timeout Now, Test your DAC", usbhid will reloaded and your USB mouse and keyboard will back working. Then test you DAC.

Worst things may happen like mouse did not come back:

If your keyboard is still working:

Press CTRL+ALT+F6,  login, run sudo modprobe usbhid
Otherwise, reboot.


Can't upgrade - error "/etc/environment: source: not found" and "error processing package install-info"

I found this way down in a thread elsewhere, and it worked!

  if all else fails. What I did was I first changed the directory to:

cd /var/lib/dpkg/info

  then I removed everything with .postinst:

sudo rm *.postinst

  then update repositories

sudo apt-get update

  then everything went back to normal when I did:

sudo apt-get --force-yes install openjdk-7-jre-headless

Note: I did not do this last line, as my issue didn't have anything to do with openjdk. I simply ran the apt update


Keyboard and Mouse only work in Recovery Mode Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

At first I was just doing these whenever my mouse stop working:

sudo rmmod usbhid
sudo modprobe usbhid

Then I tried this, and it worked ever since!

sudo aptitude purge irqbalance


Install some possibly required gstreamer-plugins using this command:

sudo apt-get install libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0


Are there any todo list desktop widgets?

You can install Google Calendar gadget to get google tasks on the desktop. Check this url for more info:
http://desktop.google.com/plugins/i/googlecalendar2.html

UPDATE: You can also use systray apps like Googsystray and CloudSN. have a look at here: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/12/googsystray-1-3-0-released-with-tasks-support-fixes/


How to use the mirror option of apt-cacher-ng for debootstrap?

There is a trick to get this to work without explicit proxy settings. You can in fact use your configured apt-cacher-ng as a mirror URL like so:

http://localhost:3142/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/

So as you can see after specifying the base URL to your apt-cacher-ng instance you can then give a server and a path as per this Wiki article. I've used this method in my own bootstrap scripts and it works like a charm.

Note: you may want to verify that your apt-cacher-ng instance is running by checking with lsof -i :3142 (requires the lsof package).


Can I restrict file access to other users?

Yes, you can do that by changing the permissions on the file(s) so that they are not readable by "others" (sometimes called world or public).

Right-click in Nautllus, go to the Permissions tab, and uncheck all three (read, write and execute) under the Others section.

From the terminal, you can also use chmod to accomplish this, setting permissions to 640 for regulat files and 750 for any binaries.


How to install standalone Adobe Flash Player on Trusty

The Standalone Flash Player for Windows can be used with Wine without issue, and actually is more efficient for Flash applications.  Unfortunately, VLC does not provide the intractability with interactive SWF files.

I have written a test result for this on the AppDB for Wine, here.  Note that this is on a Trusty system with the Wine PPA.

Simply download the Windows executable (link on the AppDB), and run it to run your .SWF applications.  It should work out of the box with Wine with no additional configuration or DLLs needed.


Getting Errors when I try to install Lubuntu

I'm assuming that you are using windows?

Just follow these three simple steps in order to install the iso to your stick and make it bootable: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows

If you are on any Ubuntu derivative open a terminal and type usb-creator-gtk and follow this guide from 'Step 4' onward:
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu

Or if you're on apples OS X follow this guide:
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-mac-osx

Hope this helps


`curl ifconfig.me` behaving differently in shell script

Use curl with -s option. From man curl

-s, --silent
          Silent  or  quiet  mode. Don't show progress meter or error mes‐
          sages.  Makes Curl mute. It will still output the data  you  ask
          for, potentially even to the terminal/stdout unless you redirect
          it.

It will not show the additional details such as progress meter or error messages. The modified statement will look like,

echo "Your public ip is $(curl -s ifconfig.me)"

$() is better to use than command substitution quotation ``


You would change the name in the control file (debain/control), on the Package line.

See https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-controlfields.html and https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Package


Ubuntu 18.10 NVIDIA drivers boot to blank login screen

Use a live USB and chroot into your machine installation. Make sure to replace sdX1 with the partition that contains your root installation on your machine.

sudo -s
mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt
mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys

chroot /mnt
apt remove nvidia* --purge

If nouveau drivers are needed to be disabled at boot:

If not, skip to umount /dev

nano /etc/default/grub

Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the line beginning with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=

Ctrl + O to write out, press enter to save, Ctrl + X to exit back to terminal.

update-grub
umount /dev
umount /proc
umount /sys

shutdown -r now

Remove install media, press enter etc. etc.

Note: this is what you may want that line in GRUB to look like.

  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nouveau.modeset=0"


Backlight problems with 12.04 on my Acer Aspire 4736z

I installed Cairo Dock and there is an applet called Screen Luminosity that lets you use the Fn button for adjusting the brightness.

And I updated Ubuntu this morning and my other problems are gone. I hope this is for good. I'm getting fond of Ubuntu Linux.


The Unity delay is intentional (Ayatana-Design bug 754583) but can be changed.

First
You can change the edge delay of Compiz:
"General Options" → "General" → "Edge Trigger Delay" set to 0

Second
You can change this delay and others settings. See How can I configure Unity?

At the end of the answer by Octavian Damiean you will find this:

"Launcher & Menus (unity-preferences)

There is another option to configure how to show the launcher then it is hidden.

Open the Launcher & Menus configuration utility by pressing Alt + F2 and typing unity-preferences.

Pushes the left edge of the screen will make the launcher appear about one second after pushing the cursor to the left edge of the screen.
Touches the top left corner of the screen will make the launcher appear immediately when the cursor touches the top left corner of the screen.

Select the desired option."


You can set your PATH manually:

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin

The .bashrc you restored from /etc/skel is a very basic .bashrc, with none of your customizations.


How do I start the MySQL console in XAMPP?

just start mysql using the command

example: sudo /opt/lampp/lampp startmysql

and find path of mysql , it will be placed in bin directory of lampp, then login

example: /opt/lampp/bin/mysql -u root


"no public key available" while upgrading using update-manager

This warning means that you don't have the corresponding public keys for these repositories.

W:There is no public key available for the following key IDs: 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32,
W:There is no public key available for the following key IDs: 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32,

Verify that these keys are indeed the ones you need. In this case:

➜  ~ gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com --search-key 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
gpg: searching for "3B4FE6ACC0B21F32" from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
(1) Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key (2012) <ftpmaster@ubuntu.com>
      4096 bit RSA key C0B21F32, created: 2012-05-11
Keys 1-1 of 1 for "3B4FE6ACC0B21F32".  Enter number(s), N)ext, or Q)uit >

The ID correspond to Ubuntu Archive. It is strange that you are missing these keys. This is normally fixed with:

sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32

After this, run sudo apt-get update and make sure no other warnings/errors appear.


Creating a shortcut triggered by Modifier Key + Scroll

I found the solution! The following will do the trick using xbindkeys:

# Workspace up
"xdotool set_desktop $(expr $(expr $(xdotool get_desktop) + 1) % $(xdotool get_num_desktops))"
   Alt+b:5

# Workspace down
"xdotool set_desktop $(expr $(expr $(xdotool get_desktop) + $(expr $(xdotool get_num_desktops) - 1)) % $(xdotool get_num_desktops))"
   Alt+b:4

Got the commands from here


Try

sudo apt-get --purge remove sun-java6-\* vim-common

that will also remove 'vi' editor.
You can use 'nano', 'pico' instead or try installing vim later


Samba or NFS is needed to print to the shared printer. The desktop where printer is attached needs to have samba server enabled as well as password for samba set via sudo smbpasswd -a user

After that the password needs to be set in printer verification dialog on the client machine.


First, 300 Mb is almost certainly going to be too small in the long run.

To answer the question, no the "average" user does not need a separate /boot partition. It is, however, required for certain installations, most common user cases are LVM, Encryption (LUKS) and RAID.


Permission Issues with command in rc.local

test.sh is not executable. So you can run it by passing it as an argument to a shell, as in bash /home/username/test.sh, but you can't run it directly as a program like in your example command. Run chmod +x /home/username/test.sh to make it executable.

If test.sh is doing things like setting environment variables, they only survive for the duration of the process. So if you run /home/username/test.sh; exec bash then the final interactive shell won't have the environment variables from that process. To keep the environment variables, set them in the parent bash process: source the script, instead of running it as a separate program.

/bin/su username -c "/usr/bin/screen -dmS test bash -c '. ~/test.sh; exec bash'"


Remove the package that is stuck:

sudo apt remove oracle-java11-installer-local


Unable to install lxc or lxc-utils in Bionic Beaver Server 18.04

My problem was /etc/apt/sources.list

I thought that universe should be added separately to the default three lines

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic universe

This is not right. It should look like this

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main universe

There is a bug report against Bionic server installs missing universe
https://bugs.launchpad.net/subiquity/+bug/1783129


How can I integrate mpv media player into the Ubuntu sound menu?

We can integrate any music player (or other application) into the sound indicator as shown here but this will only make it controllable if the player supports dbus (mpris) controls.

Sadly this is not the case for MPV.

There is an external plugin which claims to add mpris support. I haven't tried it myself but it may be worth a shot.


ASUS: K55V series Laptop dual boot problem

This is how I made it work :)

you will nead the latest ubuntu (i use ubuntu-13.04-desktop-amd64) choose the correct version for your computer

In windows open windows disk management

make c partiton smaller (i cut 25 GB)
Boot USB/CD in EFI/UEFI
I chose install on the FREE space :P (it is good)

NOW HARD PART :D

you wil get new boot option in bios : ubuntu
make this option first in list (((importent))
BOOT USB/CD in EFI/UEFI
INSTAL Boot-Repair
do repair
now you have got windows 7 and ubuntu 2boot 10.


This answer is specific to script number 2 from the second set of scripts.

First: Please at least try to load your script before posting it here, and get the syntax sorted out.

You are still referring to a table called "filter" which doesn't
exist.
There is no need to force load modules, they will autoload once
referenced.
I would suggest to always use a unique log-prefix    for every
logging line, becuase it makes it much easier to correlate    log
entries to script location for debugging and just plain clarity.
There is no need to specify destination address in your specific port
line, but don't you want dport instead of sport?
There is no need for that line anyhow because the previous, more
generic, ESTABLISHED line means the rule will never be hit.
I do not know if you will have troubles using only ESTABLISHED
instead of RELATED,ESTABLISHED.
As previously mentioned, you do not need any FORWARD rules, but I
understand that maybe you just want to log it, in case.
For your ping stuff, it is not clear to me that you will achieve your
objective with the rule, although I admit I do not know what your
objective is. I was still able to flood ping the computer the way you
had it. Perhaps you need to specifically deal with the other path, the one that doesn't trigger the rule. Have a look at what I did.

So, I am running this:

#!/bin/sh
# See: http://askubuntu.com/questions/858878/i-need-advice-for-iptables-rules

iptables -F
iptables -X
iptables -P INPUT DROP
iptables -P FORWARD DROP
iptables -P OUTPUT DROP

#lo
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT ! -i lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

#PING ACCEPTED AND OPENING PORTS THAT I NEED
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m limit --limit 1/s --limit-burst 1 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j DROP

#connection
iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -m state ! --state INVALID -j ACCEPT

#LOG
iptables -A INPUT -m limit --limit 7/s -j LOG --log-prefix "ICATCH:" --log-level info
iptables -A OUTPUT -m limit --limit 7/s -j LOG --log-prefix "OCATCH:" --log-level info
iptables -A FORWARD -m limit --limit 7/s -j LOG --log-prefix "FCATCH:" --log-level info

Giving this, so far:

$ sudo iptables -v -x -n -L
Chain INPUT (policy DROP 218 packets, 21841 bytes)
    pkts      bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination
       0        0 ACCEPT     all  --  lo     *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0
       0        0 REJECT     all  --  !lo    *       0.0.0.0/0            127.0.0.0/8          reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
       5      420 ACCEPT     icmp --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            icmptype 8 limit: avg 1/sec burst 1
     329    27636 DROP       icmp --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            icmptype 8
    3081   206772 ACCEPT     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            state ESTABLISHED
     213    21380 LOG        all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            limit: avg 7/sec burst 5 LOG flags 0 level 6 prefix "ICATCH:"

Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes)
    pkts      bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination
       0        0 LOG        all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            limit: avg 7/sec burst 5 LOG flags 0 level 6 prefix "FCATCH:"

Chain OUTPUT (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes)
    pkts      bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination
       0        0 ACCEPT     all  --  *      lo      0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0
    5726  7988360 ACCEPT     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ! state INVALID
       0        0 LOG        all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            limit: avg 7/sec burst 5 LOG flags 0 level 6 prefix "OCATCH:"


Dragging windows between workspaces in 14.10

I know about its replacement in Ubuntu 14.04. You need to go to System Settings in Appearance. Select Behavior tab. Enable workspaces. You will get a workspace switcher on the launcher as well as workspaces will work now. Now try your tricks. If they don't work, my way is to click the workspace button and drag the windows.


How to rename all files in folders with pattern

With rename (prename):

rename -n 's/^bla\.super\.lol\.[sS](\d+)[eE](\d+)\..*(\.mp4$)/s$1e$2$3/' *.mp4

-n does the dry-running, if you are satisfied with the potential renaming, just remove -n to let the actual renamimg to take place:

rename 's/^bla\.super\.lol\.[sS](\d+)[eE](\d+)\..*(\.mp4$)/s$1e$2$3/' *.mp4

Example:

$ ls -1
bla.super.lol.S01E03.omg.bbq.mp4
bla.super.lol.S01E04.omg.bbq.mp4
bla.super.lol.s03e12.omg.bbq.mp4

$ rename -n 's/^bla\.super\.lol\.[sS](\d+)[eE](\d+)\..*(\.mp4$)/s$1e$2$3/' *.mp4
bla.super.lol.S01E03.omg.bbq.mp4 renamed as s01e03.mp4
bla.super.lol.S01E04.omg.bbq.mp4 renamed as s01e04.mp4
bla.super.lol.s03e12.omg.bbq.mp4 renamed as s03e12.mp4


You can install IDLE for Python 3 by installing the idle3 package in the official Ubuntu repositories:

sudo apt-get install idle3

For Python 2, replace idle3 with idle.


Problems with apt dependencies after install of python 3.5

Thank goodness I was able to fix it. I was worried I was gonna have to reinstall ubuntu.

I went and manually edited /var/lib/dpkg/status and removed the entry that was made by the checkinstall.

Once that was removed I went to /usr/local/bin and removed all the python 3.5 stuff. I also made sure that python3-4 was still in /usr/bin/. Then I did a sudo dpkg-reconfigure -a and finally a apt-get -f install and there was only 1 thing that was 'missing' which was python.

Then I managed to get it installed the right way by following the instructions in the README and then just removing the symlink to python3.4 and created a new one to python3.5.


How can I replicate the LiveUSB boot-experience using GRUB2?

You can investigate the file syslinux.cfg in the root of your USB device where your live distribution is installed, it contains the complete menu and all the boot options used.

The real problem is how to modify your actual boot options on your machine.

Editing the file /boot/grub/grub.cfg is risky and useless because each time you will use the command sudo update-grub your /boot/grub/grub.cfg is regenerated.

You have to manipulate other files for what you want to do:

/etc/default/grub for the default general values and options
/etc/grub.d/40_custom to add customized entries for the menu or to add boot options that sudo update-grub don't find.

There are also 2 useful guides for that:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2
http://members.iinet.net/~herman546/p20.html


Try this:

sudo shutdown -P now

This ensures the machine turns itself off after shutting down the system.


How to move the view of a zoomed picture with arrow keys?

In Image Viewer you can do this by holding down the ALT key when using the arrow keys.

See the program help screen:


If you have one, put your Windows boot disk in the DVD drive and boot up from the DVD.  If not, you can choose repair and still get to a command prompt.  Choose to go to a command prompt. Type bootrec.exe  /fixboot.  There is a space between the bootrec.exe command and the /fixboot switch.  Hit Enter and type EXIT.  Windows will repair its native bootloader which is not GRUB and this operation should not affect your GRUB installation.  Then try a restart without the Windows DVD.  oldfred is right about errors on NTFS drives.  NTFS drives used in Ubuntu cannot have errors on them or they may not even mount and certainly will be locked if they do.  Run chkdsk /f on the NTFS drive while in Windows to fix possible errors on the NTFS drive.  I started out with Lindows Linux many years ago on my Windows drive.  Since then, I've always made it a point to never have the active Windows partition and Ubuntu or Linux partition on the same drive.  Drives are relatively cheap today. I also disable fast startup and hibernation in the Control Panel or Settings on dual boot systems.
You can also use a bootable YUMI USB with various operating systems stored on the YUMI, including Ubuntu Live, Windows, repair utilities and more.  YUMI is Your Universal Multiboot Installer.  It lets you download and mount image files for OS's, etc. including bootable GRUB in a sysLinux environment.  I keep one of these around as a "just in case" tool.  On a Windows 10 computer, you'll have to bypass the Windows-only boot.  On the HP Pavillion Win 10 box, that's F12 during startup to get to "legacy" boots.  It will vary by manufacturer.


How do I copy the contents of user/.ssh/known_hosts to the same file under root?

First of all, known_hosts is not the file that you want to copy. That is just a list of all the systems that have been connected to to check if the system might have changed or a man-in-the-middle attack is being attempted.

For password less connections, you need a id_rsa file in .ssh folder.
You can copy the file and make sure is has the correct permissions. 600 for the file

or better, create a new key for root to use.
sudo up to root. create the key and then copy the id_rsa.pub contents to the authorized_keys on the remote system. there are steps in the link below.

ssh-keygen -t rsa

ssh - without password

Or create your key as Root then use ssh-copy-id command, it will add the files where they need to be.
ssh-copy-id user@hostname.example.com


Setup for dual disk (SSD+HDD) with /home partition

I think I would put the /home directory on the SSD, but for most directories, especially the ones with large files, I would simply have a symbolic link to whatever contains the files.

This way, you can keep your settings, and the browser cache, etc on the SSD, but put the pictures, sounds, documents, etc on whatever disk you want, which can easily be changed by changing the links.

To do a backup, you can usually choose to follow symbolic links if desired.  I use sbackup (simple backup), and have separate profiles for major directories, and so each profile can choose whether to follow symbolic links or not.

Edit:
By the way, a slightly more complex and harder to maintain, but possibly easier to use method (in that you don't have to pay attention to where programs save files by default) would be to mount the various documents or media folders or partitions in the /home subdirectories, so that programs that automatically want to save pictures in /home/Pictures will save them there, but they will get saved to the external location.


How to recording movie from website (screen desktop and sound capture)?

You can use audacity to record the sound, and Kazam from the software centre for the video.


Why doesn't Ubuntu installed on ext4 with "LUBI" work?

Unfortunately, LUBI does not appear to have been updated since the days of Ubuntu 7.04.

While there is no technical reason ext4 wouldn't work with Lubi's methodology (loop-mounted filesystem), gettIng Lubi to do that would require updating it or would require editing of config-files on both the "host/guest" of a Lubi install.

Assuming Lubi even supports the current GRUB2 in the first place, your best option may be to use gparted and carve out a separate ext3 partition just for Lubi filesystems.


As you have latest version of Dropbox, and a newer version is not released yet, you don't have to do anything right now. After the release of a newer version, just try to manually download the .deb of Dropbox and install it with the Ubuntu Software Center or use:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade


Upgrade to 18.04 LTS from 16.04 LTS broke VMware Workstation 12.5.9

Please open a terminal end execute the command

sudo vmware-modconfig --console --install-all

TL;DR

When the kernel is updated, VMWare must be relinked against changed modules.  The program listed above accomplishes this function, and older version of VMWare can be reconfigured with sudo /usr/bin/vmware-config.pl.

Source of information:  VMware Knowledge Base


Ubuntu uses unicode
The copyright sign © unicode is U+00A9
Press CTRL+Shift+u, see an underlined u
Then type 00A9 and get the magic

Find all unicodes
 - gnome-characters app
 - https://unicode-table.com/


Ubuntu 12.04 - USB3 issue with mobile broadband usb sticks

This makes sense. Each USB device type gives a unique ID to the computer so the computer can load the correct driver. If you use a different ID for USB3 then you end up confusing a driver which has a list of ids which this new id isn't in.

To fix the issue permanently, the driver must be modified to include the new IDs. This is a problem with Linux (kernel) and should be reported as a bug.

To get it working for yourself, you can follow this guide for adding an id to your driver: http://www.ha19.no/usb/ Attempt this only if you're comfortable running the commands.


Have to Boot Ubuntu 14 from within Windows 8.1

You need to install GRUB on the Windows drive:

sudo grub-install /dev/sda; sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

If that doesn't work, try the UEFI version of GRUB.


Inter processor interrupts on a particular core

You should be able to track most remote wakeup reasons via perf sched.
See:

LWN for some basics
Kernel Wiki for Documentation
More examples Brendon Gregg

Once you found via the first what you think triggers the IPIs you can use the more detailed examples to track down what exactly happens.

If none of the generic things (more easy to use) things work, try to trace

IPI Tracepoints


Is there a plugin which let's me select windows by keyboard hint?

With "Scale Window Title Filter" you can select windows by typing parts of the window title in the "Scale" view.

Activate "Scale Addons" and set "Appearance" -> "Window Title" "Window Title Display" to "All windows" to have Scale displaying window titles for all windows.


Yes, zsh and bash behave differently in this regard.

In zsh, when you say "ubuntuone-*" it looks in your current working directory for files that start with ubuntuone- - since it does not find any, it says "no matches" and does not run the command.

bash takes a different tack - it also looks for files that start with ubuntuone- in the current working directory, but if it does not find any it says to itself, "Maybe the program I am invoking knows how to handle the wildcard," and so passes "ubuntuone-*" off to sudo apt-get as a literal argument.

If you had a file in your current working directory called ubuntuone-ffdjhjer, then bash would try to execute sudo apt-get remove --purge ubuntuone-ffdjhjer, which would probably fail.

In zsh (and in bash) you can use single quotes to tell it not to expand the wildcard but to pass it on, as in:

sudo apt-get remove --purge 'ubuntuone-*'


How can I disable the "No mail" notice on text-based login sessions?

Edit the pam_mail line in the appropriate PAM configuration file. For local logins, this is /etc/pam.d/login. For ssh, it is /etc/pam.d/sshd. Note that this affects all users. By default it uses standard, which does print a message if you have no mail. You can change it to quiet to only print if you do have mail. See the pam_mail manpage for full details.


Context switches much slower in new linux kernels

Off the top of my head I don't know why this would be, but if this is deemed as a severe performance regression to you I suggest filing a bug to get a kernel team member to look at it.

How do I report a bug?


Rank repository apps by popularity/downloads/votes

I know there are some statistics in the Debian Popularity Contest, but you can only search one app at the time. Additionally, you need to know the app you are looking for (which does not allow you to discover those that you do not know), and, you can search only using the name of the package, which might not coincide with the app name.

If you look in /usr/share/app-install/desktop, you'll see a list of .desktop files for applications available in the Software Center.

Each of these .desktop files has a line with a Popcon score. For example, the Audacious music player has this:
X-AppInstall-Popcon=1395

It is possible to scan all the .desktop files, or just a subset, for their Popcon scores. The code in the following example looks at a subset of .desktop files that contain any of the following strings: audio, media, music, or video.

cd /usr/share/app-install/desktop
grep -iE "(audio|media|music|video)" *.desktop | awk -F: '{ print $1":"$2 }' | sort -u | tr '\n' '\0' | xargs -0 grep -A5 Popcon

grep is used to get a list of such .desktop files.
awk extracts just the actual filenames and duplicates are removed using sort -u
tr makes the output from sort suitable to xargs
xargs takes the filenames, now separated by null bytes, and appends each filename as an argument to grep.
grep lists out the .desktop files with their Popcon scores on the first line and, on a subsequent line, you mostly will see the applications common name. There's some ambiguity about which exact line the common name will appear on, because not all .desktop files have exactly the same structure!

Here's are some "successful" samples:

Amarok

amarok:kde4__amarok.desktop:X-AppInstall-Popcon=2313
amarok:kde4__amarok.desktop-X-AppInstall-Section=universe
amarok:kde4__amarok.desktop-
amarok:kde4__amarok.desktop-Type=Application
amarok:kde4__amarok.desktop-Version=1.0
amarok:kde4__amarok.desktop-Name=Amarok

Clementine

clementine:clementine.desktop:X-AppInstall-Popcon=919
clementine:clementine.desktop-X-AppInstall-Section=universe
clementine:clementine.desktop-
clementine:clementine.desktop-Version=1.0
clementine:clementine.desktop-Type=Application
clementine:clementine.desktop-Name=Clementine

gmusicbrowser

gmusicbrowser:gmusicbrowser.desktop:X-AppInstall-Popcon=498
gmusicbrowser:gmusicbrowser.desktop-X-AppInstall-Section=universe
gmusicbrowser:gmusicbrowser.desktop-
gmusicbrowser:gmusicbrowser.desktop-Name=gmusicbrowser
gmusicbrowser:gmusicbrowser.desktop-Comment=Jukebox for large collections of mp3/ogg/flac/mpc
gmusicbrowser:gmusicbrowser.desktop-Exec=gmusicbrowser %F

mpv

mpv:mpv.desktop:X-AppInstall-Popcon=126
mpv:mpv.desktop-X-AppInstall-Section=universe
mpv:mpv.desktop-
mpv:mpv.desktop-Type=Application
mpv:mpv.desktop-Name=mpv Media Player
mpv:mpv.desktop-GenericName=Multimedia player

vlc

vlc:vlc.desktop:X-AppInstall-Popcon=19735
vlc:vlc.desktop-X-AppInstall-Section=universe
vlc:vlc.desktop-
vlc:vlc.desktop-Version=1.0
vlc:vlc.desktop-Name=VLC media player
vlc:vlc.desktop-GenericName=Media player

Once you have this output, you can clean it up further and perhaps stick it into a spreadsheet for further study.

I don't know how often the Popcon scores are updated. The .desktop files on my system are dated 20150910!


CPU frequency scaling on Ubuntu and Windows

It is Intel Turbo Boost in action. One of the cores can go higher freq. when it is necessary and the other go low. Like for example : you have a process, that uses 70% of only one core of CPU, so you processor raises this core' frequency and makes other cores lower theirs in order to stay in TDP - not to overheat. I am not sure if it is implemented on OS level, or on hardware level. But anyway, do not worry, if you try to set a higher or lower range of frequencies on Linux- you WILL NOT FRY your CPU. No way  there are safeties built in. You can't just make a mobile CPU run faster than it can. It is not a CORE-I7 EXTREME series


gnome-sushi works great with Unity and Nautilus in 14.04.  it should work just as well in 14.10.

Update:  I tested gnome-sushi in 14.10 and it also works there.


Ubuntu Server 14.04 -- how to install Sun Grid Engine?

Try downloading the source code here: http://sourceforge.net/projects/gridscheduler/files/
and now decompress it then build it. If you arent familiar with how to do that which you probably are just enter the terminal and type tar -zxvf /path/to/file and then follow the instructions in the decompressed file. They can be found under GE2011.11p1/source/README.BUILD when decompressed.


How to install Ubuntu 18.04 on SSD+HDD hybrid with proper partitioning?

Step by step tutorial (just skip what you already did):

1. Boot from the installation drive

Create a bootable USB drive with the installation image and then boot from it to begin the OS installation.

2. Go through the installation process

Choose the options that suit you best. When prompted to choose instalation type, select "Something Else" to create the partitions for the OS. To create a partition, just click the "+" sign on "free space". You will need to create the following partitions on your SSD:

root

Size: 30-50GB
Type: Primary
Use As: ext4 Journaling file system
Mount Point: /

swap (optional)

Size: see this post to decide on a size (and whether you want swap at all)
Type: Logical
Use As: swap area

home (optional, check this post for more info)

Size: the rest of your free space, generally
Type: Logical
Use As: ext4 Journaling file system
Mount Point: /home

3. Set up your HDD to mount automatically on boot

Easiest way to do this imo is through the gnome-disks GUI tool (to use it, just open a terminal - Ctrl+Alt+T, type in sudo gnome-disks and enter your password). Select your HDD, click on the cogwheels -> "Edit Mount Options...", enable "Mount at system startup" and choose a mount point (for example, /mnt/sda1 or whatever that device is identified as, or /media/user/DATA).

4. Link ~ (/home/user) media folders to the HDD for easy access

You will have a few default media folders in your ~ folder, which you might want to have on the HDD instead. To move them to the HDD while still being able to access them easily from /home/user, you will need to move those folders to the HDD (or just delete them and create other folders) and then create symbolic links instead, using a terminal command like:

ln -s /mnt/sda1/Downloads ~/Downloads

That's it! You're all set!


Your themes and desktop settings are in ".*" files in your home directory.
Backing up /home is a must, /root can also be done.

Nevertheless there are global settings in /etc that I also always backup. Depending on what you do there might be files also in /var/ (e.g. databases, emails maybe, logfiles or similar), so this should also be backed up. There is no need to copy /etc and /var/ into your new installation, but backing those files up helps you when something is not working anymore or you are missing data.

More easy to do is to backup the whole partition (with e.g. clonezilla). Then nothing can be forgotten but of course this needs much more storage space.


Preseed Ubuntu Server from USB (preseed not found)

Turns out the problem was due to 7zip/Windows file paths. If the file path and name exceeds some limit, the names are truncated, which prevented certain files from being found during installation.

The fix was to use Rufus USB creator instead of the creator from http://pendrivelinux.com


gedit plugin to highlight all instances of selection

You don't need any plugin to highlight all instances of a selection in gedit. Select the text about you are interested in, then just press Ctrl+F (to search all instances of that selected text):

Now, let me give you some explanations about those plugins. First one, smart-highlighting is working like a charm for me. How I made:

First I checked my gedit version (from terminal with gedit --version command) - it's 3.6.2.
Because my gedit version is 3.6.2, I downloaded smart-highlighting-3.0.5.tar.gz.
Finally, I followed the manually installation method.

Second plugin, it's for gedit2.x and finish. It's not enough a simple hack like you tried.

[UPDATE]

Only works if installed to ~/.local/share/gedit/plugins/.  More in comments.


Ubuntu is a little bit heavy on ram usage since it uses Gnome as its Desktop Environment.
There are few things that you should change

Change Desktop Environment
Create a Swap file
Decrease Swappiness

Desktop Environments
You can install lighter versions of ubuntu, such as Xubuntu or Lubuntu. (Both are ubuntu based and onlu differ in the Desktop Environment i.e. how the user interface looks like)
Or an easier solution is to just install the Desktop Environment.
# For Xubuntu
sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

#For Lubuntu
sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop

There other Desktop Environments which you can try, but these are the popular ones.
You can then switch between Desktop Environments from the login screen
Changing DE from login screen (Image by HowToGeek)
Swap File (or partition)
You should have a swap file/partition that is at least equal to the amount of ram you have. (I had say use 6GB). Swap is necessary to prevent Ubuntu from hanging when the ram gets full (Frees RAM by writing its content disk). It also helps in hibernating.
#Check if you have a Swap partition/file.
sudo swapon --show
#If you get an output similar to this then you have a swap file/partition
    NAME      TYPE      SIZE USED PRIO
    /dev/sda2 partition 1.9G   0B   -2

If you don't have one:
you can follow a guide such as this one
Swappines
Lastly you should decrease the swappiness value to utilize your RAM and decrease the usage of slow disk.
you can check for the current swappiness with:
 cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness

It should be 60 by default which is not ideal. Change it by opening a text editor with root privileges (sudo)
sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

Then change the swappiness to your value of choice (5 seems good for me)
#find the line with:(vm.swappiness) and change the value
vm.swappiness=5

(to exit nano with saving use Ctrl+X, Y, Enter )


moved ld.so file and can not copy it back

You've moved the library that does the dynamic loading of programs, so pretty much nothing will work anymore on your system.  Fix this sort of issue by booting off an install media, and moving it back to the original location.

As was pointed out in the comments, there is still one statically linked program in /usr/bin and /sbin (these days /bin and /usr/sbin too), busybox, which would allow the mv command to work.


Help, no wireless for laptop hp pavilion notebook PC 15-n013sq

I already answered the other guys question and my answer will be just as relevant here
Unable to connect WiFi in Ubuntu 12.04

  Classic problem, For your OS to understand what to do with your
  hardware you need something called a driver. it is a peice of software
  that tells your computer what to do with your hardware (wifi drivers,
  bluetooth you name it) they cant include it all by default so what
  you're gonna have to do is,

  Plug your laptop into your Ethernet cable. Go open terminal and type
  sudo apt-get install jockey Put in your password (You wont see the
  password your typing for security reasons) run it, download all the
  drivers it asks you too. Reboot

  This should work for you, but if jockey didnt detect anything then go
  to wirless.kernal.org and look around there try jockey first, its
  easier. Hope this helps.


The line stating the IP address for the DNS server in /etc/resolv.conf should read

nameserver 193.230.240.16

rather than being the IP address of the gateway (81.180.166.1), if that is what the ISP says the DNS server should be.


I am using ubuntu 18.04.I got this error when i try to upgrade

I seem like your apt repository is not having some issue.

Please check sources.list  using the following command
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

I this some url's were missed in that file.

Here I'm providing new sources.list file for ubuntu 18.04 LTS. Back up your old sources.list file and replace the contents in the in below link:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DXVUaqi96hMuhecEMSinFVdyFwZWozbLOFu_-ZL_o08/edit

Now do sudo apt-get update
Hope this helps


Permanently change maximum CPU frequency

Ok, the problem was at bios_limit.

To start, override any BIOS limitations by setting ignore_ppc to 1:

echo 1 > /sys/module/processor/parameters/ignore_ppc

Then, change CPU scaling_max_freq for all cores using this script [pay attention to core's numbers! In my case quad-core, core's numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3]:

for x in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu[0-3]/cpufreq/;do
  echo 2400000 > $x/scaling_max_freq
done

Source: http://blog.patshead.com/2013/04/my-bios-is-limiting-my-cpu-clock-speed.html

Now, since you can't edit bios_limit files, you have to force kernel to ignore it.

Edit /etc/default/grub (you need to do this using root privilege) and change

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash processor.ignore_ppc=1"

then run:

sudo update-grub

and reboot.

Source: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/856233 Comment Nº 24.

Now the CPU frequencies are at 2.4GHz, as desired, while using AC power.

/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor  = ondemand
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq  =   800000 [kHz]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq  =  2400000 [kHz]

/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/cpufreq/scaling_governor  = ondemand
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq  =   800000 [kHz]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq  =  2400000 [kHz]

/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu2/cpufreq/scaling_governor  = ondemand
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu2/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq  =   800000 [kHz]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu2/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq  =  2400000 [kHz]

/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu3/cpufreq/scaling_governor  = ondemand
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu3/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq  =   800000 [kHz]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu3/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq  =  2400000 [kHz]


yes it does.

Open
Ubuntu Software Center
 look up for
bluez-tools
and install it,
 with the
OBEX add-on.

you can install some bluetooh managers if you want.
just look up bluetooth on Ubuntu Software Center
but the original one is fine.


apt-get install fails due to dependency issues but apt-get -f install won't fix it

You can use the rawstudio's ppa:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:rawstudio/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get purge --remove rawstudio
sudo apt-get install rawstudio-daily

After that you can run it with rawstudio-daily command.

Note that the version from this ppa is the same like that what you can find at http://rawstudio.org/files/daily/


I recently setup a wordpress server and ran into this same issue.

I used apt-get install php

Everything seemed to be normal except I could not find the php.ini file either. That file is usually located in /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini

My solution, and I guess is also your solution would be that apache mod didn't get installed for php. So all you need to run is apt-get install libapache2-mod-php

I also bounced apache just to be safe, but then my php.ini file was then located where I expected it in /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini


How to join an avi video file split in Files as : filename.avi.001, filename.avi.002, filename.avi.003, etc?

Use the avimerge tool from the transcode package.


For silverlight use

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ehoover/compholio
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:mqchael/pipelight
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pipelight

Flash for youtube

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree

it should work


Resume from Suspend Kills all Processes with External Monitor

I had the same issue on Ideapad z510 with nvidia GeForce 740M GPU using Ubuntu 18.04. In my case the proprietary graphics card drivers were causing this problem. After changing to open source ones suspension works correctly. To try this solution go to Software & Updates -> Additional Drivers and select open source graphics card drivers.


Keyboard Stopped working after upgradeto 18.04

After seeing that my keyboard was not detected in /proc/bus/input/devices in normal mode but was detected in recovery mode, I looked at the GRUB config file and remembered as I saw it that I had to add the option acpi=noirq for my booting to work well in 16.04.
Removing acpi=noirq resolved my issue.
So if you're having similar issues on a laptop, you can try to look at ACPI debugging.


I've got some problems on Ubuntu 13.04, any help!

Try the TLP power management application. Lower power consumption should reduce heat. I've been using it on my Acer Aspire laptop and it has drastically lengthened life of the battery. Run these commands to install it:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install tlp tlp-rdw

Then reboot your computer or run sudo tlp start

If you're running on a Thinkpad, you must also install these:

sudo apt-get install tp-smapi-dkms acpi-call-tools

Hope this tool helps you!


How do I change what files Ubuntu One syncs vs ignores?

The default ignored is defined in /etc/xdg/ubuntuone/syncdaemon.conf:

ignore.default = \A#.*\Z
                 \A.*~\Z
                 \A.*\.py[oc]\Z
                 \A.*\.sw[nopx]\Z
                 \A.*\.swpx\Z
                 \A\..*\.tmp\Z
                 \A\.~lock\..*#\Z

If you want to change it, edit or create the file ~/.config/ubuntuone/syncdaemon.conf to define your own ignore list. In the case you just want to allow the synchronization of files and folders starting with a #, copy the default list but remove the first regular expression:

[__main__]
ignore = \A.*~\Z
         \A.*\.py[oc]\Z
         \A.*\.sw[nopx]\Z
         \A.*\.swpx\Z
         \A\..*\.tmp\Z

Then, restart syncdaemon with:

u1sdtool -q; u1sdtool -c


The if statement is appropriate tool in this case, however, consider as alternative case statement for single-run of the command in question and arguably cleaner syntax.

case "$(gsettings get org.gnome.system.proxy mode)" in

    "'none'") gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode "'manual'"
              notify-send "manual";;
    "'manual'") gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode  "'none'"
                notify-send "Disabled" ;;

esac

Note that the gsettings get command in question returns single-quoted strings so you do need to check for that.

As for your specific code, the issue is that you're doing string comparison, but you really need command-substitution $()

if [ "$(gsettings get org.gnome.system.proxy mode)" = "'none'" ]
then
    gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode "'manual'"
    notify-send "Manual"
elif [ "$(gsettings get org.gnome.system.proxy mode)" = "'manual'" ]
then
    gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode "'none'"
    notify-send "Disabled"
fi

This is your code edited. Note that the syntax also was not correct, there's no else if but there's elif in shell syntax. Additionally, the two tests call same command twice. This is not efficient.  Use single command substitution as shown in Gavin's answer


Why is Juju unable to connect to environment?

It looks like you might not have DNS working to get to the Juju Boostrap node.

What do you have set in MaaS for"Default domain for new nodes" under "Network Configuration" on the settings page of MaaS?

What is the output of cat /etc/resolv.conf?

What is the IP address of your MaaS server?

If I'm right about the DNS being the problem, you'll need to run sudo nano /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head and then put in the line nameserver <ip_of_your_maas_server>, save the file, run sudo resolvconf -u, and then try the juju status command again.


Copy the corrupt file and let OO try to repait it. What happens?

If that doesn't help, right click on the file and choose Open with Archive Manager. What happens?

If this gives an error, try repairing the archive:

to check the file for errors:

zip -T file.ods

to try to repair the file:

zip -F file.ods --out repaired_file.ods

or

zip -FF file.ods --out repaired_file.ods


have you tried booting with the nomodeset kernel parameter?

You can head to this Link


Why do `xwininfo` and `xdotool` give different window ids for the same window?

These are two different things.

Window ID: returned by xdotool selectwindow and xwininfo -int
Process ID: returned by xdotool selectwindow getwindowpid and xprop | grep _NET_WM_PID (if you have the XOrg's Additional Window Properties)

The processes ID is the Kernel's process identifier and used for things like killing the process, scheduling the task, etc.

The Window ID is the Window's Server's window identifier. One process can spawn any number of Windows, and frequently they spawn more than one. Think about how many dialogs the GIMP has that free-float all over the screen.

In this case the Process ID is just conflating the question, but if you're targeting the same window than for any single target you should get the same result for

xdotool selectwindow
xwininfo -int

Run them both on the same line, double click and see what they both say:

xwininfo -int | grep -Po '(?<=Window id: )[0-9a-zA-Z]+'; xdotool selectwindow;

I installed lxterminal and confirmed that whatever you're seeing is unique. I can't reproduce.


No wifi adapter found on Ubuntu after run Windows

I disabled fastboot (Fast Startup) in Windows 10 Image Tutorial and now I don't need to disable the Wifi Card before shutdown Windows. My laptop is MSI Prestige 15 A10SC 044XES


What's the best way to secure a Teamviewer/X11/VNC connection?

ssh + fail2ban + x11vnc == win.

You basically (and I'm noting the irony in using that work, knowing how complicated what I'm about to write sounds) run a SSH server. Use fail2ban to stop people brute forcing it. Put it on a  non-standard port for bonus points. Then from Windows (Putty, a SSH client) you connect to Ubuntu forwarding the Ubuntu's local VNC traffic over the SSH connection to a Windows-local port. Then Putty tell's Ubuntu to run x11vnc. And finally on Windows you connect to VNC using localhost:5900 which is now (magically) the Ubuntu's localhost:5900.

I wrote a step-by-step for another user. It's really not as stressful as it looks and it can be scripted so, once set up, it all happens with a double-click at the Windows end.


No, I don't believe this indicates a bad hard drive. I think these errors indicate that either SMART isn't switched on in your bios or that the hard drives don't really have that capability. My guess is that they're reading in random bytes or zeros.


Where do I file a bug regarding the unlock screen?

Assuming you're using one of the GNOME-based interfaces (this includes Unity and Unity 2D), screen locking is provided by the gnome-screensaver package, so you can report it against that package, initiating your report by running ubuntu-bug gnome-screensaver. Of course, you should make sure to read the bug reporting documentation carefully first.

If the bug turns out to be in another package (for example, if it's in the way other system components react after you've unlocked the screen), then it can still be changed to that in the bug report, after the bug report is submitted (though you might then be asked to provide additional information).

If this pertains to the display of the wallpaper after you have unlocked the screen, and not to anything that happens when the screen is locked or being unlocked, then you should probably report the bug against nautilus instead of gnome-screensaver (as Nautilus provides the desktop background, icons, and contextual menu).

You should try to describe the problem in as great detail as possible, and provide a picture of the screen if you can (if you can't take a screenshot because the screen is locked, maybe you have a digital camera...).


The package python-pip was removed in the upgrade to 20.04. This is because Ubuntu no longer supports Python 2.x.
If you are going to program in Python you will need to use Python 3 or higher.
To install pip3 (pip but for Python 3) type in sudo apt install python3-pip
Then pip3 install MODULE.


Appropriate Ubuntu version for my hardware

I feel Lubuntu will be the best choice for your configuration.

It comes with LXDE desktop, which is very light and fast.
All apps are too very light.

I have been using Lubuntu on my old HP and I am happy with it.


How do I stop Ubiquity running on a live USB?

This isn't a direct answer to your problem but a workaround I guess.  It will boot straight to a live session if you use an iso and grub2 to boot your usb stick.  Details from this page How to ISO boot with Grub2


Ubuntu 16.04 server LAMP does not find php-into

A quick search with Ubuntu Package Search indicates that this is available for 16.04 by enabling the Universe repository (via Software and Updates) and issuing the following commands:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install php7.0-intl

If you get a temporary failure resolving your selected mirror, you can wait and try again or Select a better mirror using the Software & Updates app by choosing Other from the Download From drop-down on the screen below.


How do I know if my video card can run Unity?

This isn't a full answer but a good place to start including the link at the bottom.
http://www.inalogic.com/component/content/article/34-general/63-demystifying-unitys-graphics-hardware-requirements

So you can run

 /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p

which should give you some detailed output about Unity's requirements and if they are met, e.g.:

OpenGL vendor string:   NVIDIA Corporation
OpenGL renderer string: GeForce 6600 GT/PCI/SSE2/3DNOW!
OpenGL version string:  2.1.2 NVIDIA 270.30

Not software rendered:    yes
Not blacklisted:          yes
GLX fbconfig:             yes
GLX texture from pixmap:  yes
GL npot or rect textures: yes
GL vertex program:        yes
GL fragment program:      yes
GL vertex buffer object:  yes
GL framebuffer object:    yes
GL version is 1.4+:       yes

Unity supported:          yes

(Note, this graphics card is six years old and I'm having no performance problems running Unity.)

Though as an anecdote I have tried unity-2d on an old laptop with a substandard graphics card (Dell D600) and to be honest I still like it.  I'm not saying everyone will love the switch to Unity, but I have decided to give it a go in whatever form I can and see if I grow to like it, so far I really do.

Hardware Requirements
Wiki page with more information


I just decided to reset my pc and that fixed it. I think maybe pulseaudio didn't install correctly. Thank you!


fatal error: ini.h: No such file or directory

Find the package needed with apt-file:
    apt-file search include/ini.h
libinih-dev: /usr/include/ini.h

So install the libinih-dev package:
sudo apt-get install libinih-dev


Delete ALL files and directories in trash

rm /home/andy/.local/share/Trash/expunged/*
rm -r -f /home/andy/.local/share/Trash/files/*
rm /home/andy/.local/share/Trash/files/*.*

This deletes .directories
rm -r /home/andy/.local/share/Trash/files/.*


In that case, install the ALSA oem-audio-hda-daily-dkms package using the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-audio-dev/alsa-daily

press Enter and then execute:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install --reinstall dkms linux-image-generic linux-headers-generic linux-tools-generic linux-source alsa-firmware-loaders alsa-base alsa-utils alsa-source alsa-tools python-alsaaudio python-pyalsa

reboot, and then run:

sudo apt-get install oem-audio-hda-daily-*
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu-audio-dev-alsa*
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoclean

Reboot and if the drivers aren't loaded, run:

sudo alsa force-reload

Don't forget! When you run

alsamixer

in a terminal, disable automute and then press F6, use the arrow keys and press Enter to select your desired sound card.


Terminal: Rename multiple files to be in numerical order

Create a .bsh file inside the directory in which your images are stored and paste the below code :

#!/bin/bash

count=1

for file in *.jpg
do
    new=$(printf "Getting Started %03d.jpg" "$count")
    mv -- "$file" "$new"
    (( count++ ))
done

Open a Terminal and navigate to the directory in which your script is stored.

To change the permissions of the script :

chmod +x <filename>.bsh

To execute the script :

bash <filename>.bsh

Note:
%03d sets pad to length of 3


How to select a command from specific package

It appears mysql is not installed in your system. As the command output suggests:

sudo apt install mysql-client-core-5.7

If you want to install mysql server, see the following link

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/.../how-to-install-mysql-on-ubuntu-14-04


sudo journalctl -b -1

or, more importantly,

man journalctl


Wifi/Ethernet at the same time but with a twist!

Can't you just force routing through one interface or the other for these IP addresses you need to access via that interface?


go to

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop

You need for sure a 32bit system - I would choose "long term support" LTS 12.04 for an older computer. When clicking next it will ask you to buy stuff just click on the left bottom of the page that you don't want and the download starts ;-)

the download is already an .iso file just burn the image to a cd/dvd or put it on a USB
if you dont know how: check here http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/install-desktop-long-term-support

then put the CD/DVD/USB, boot from it and follow the prompts

enjoy Ubuntu

PS: I would suggest internet connection for updates etc.


Well, the error "No key available with this passphrase" sounds like the key you're looking for is not in the LUKS header anymore. Could be the wrong passphrase, or could be something happened to that key, or the whole LUKS header. If you have a backup of the LUKS header you can try using it with the cryptsetup option --header

And try the --verbose & --debug options too, maybe there'll be more info revealed. The action isLuks -v <device> might be helpful to see if it's still a recognizable LUKS device.

And like the man cryptsetup page describes below, a LUKS header backup is important, (and look into the luksHeaderBackup and luksHeaderRestore actions too):

  LUKS header: If the header of a LUKS volume gets damaged, all data is permanently lost  unless
         you  have  a  header-backup.  If a key-slot is damaged, it can only be restored from a header-
         backup or if another active key-slot with known passphrase is undamaged.   Damaging  the  LUKS
         header  is something people manage to do with surprising frequency. This risk is the result of
         a trade-off between security and safety, as LUKS is designed for fast  and  secure  wiping  by
         just overwriting header and key-slot area.


Why is my current 18.04.3 system not running the same kernel as a new 18.04.3 system?

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS users have two software stacks to choose from, maximum stability with the original software stack (4.15 kernel), or the moving HWE (hardware enablement stack) which uses the 18.10, then 19.04, 19.10, and eventually settles on 20.04 software stack.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack

Upgrades from prior releases using the stable option (4.15), as do installs using 18.04, or 18.04.1 media.  They can opt to enable HWE though.

Installs using 18.04.2 or later media start with HWE enabled.

18.04.2 uses the 18.10 software stack.
18.04.3 uses the 19.04 software stack.
18.04.4 uses the 19.10 software stack (currently in testing).
until the stack becomes static using the 20.04 base kernel.

From the provided link, to enable HWE use

DESKTOP
 sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04

SERVER
 sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04


Fixed.

Used a live ubuntu USB stick, and chroot'ed into my install and managed to reinstall libinput. All works fine now.


I'll just put what @mikewhatever said in an answer:

Keys that you pressed in the past are not stored anywhere.


Ubuntu/VirtualBox/Vagrant Host Only Networking with Static IP

It seems, that host kernel modules aren't installed or virtual box drivers are missed just like vboxnetflt. More about this you can find in a section of 2.3.2. The VirtualBox driver modules.

To prepare more diagnostic informations, please verify loaded kernel modules.

$ lsmod|grep vbox
vboxpci                24576  0
vboxnetadp             28672  0
vboxnetflt             28672  1
vboxdrv               462848  5 vboxnetadp,vboxnetflt,vboxpci

Please check also avability of virtualbox network inteface (vboxnet).

$ ifconfig
[...]
vboxnet0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        inet6 fe80::800:27ff:fe00:0  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 0a:00:27:00:00:00  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 398  bytes 50684 (50.6 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

If you use virtulabox from packages delivered straight from ubuntu the solution is installation of virtualbox-dkms package and recreation of a vboxnet0 (host-only network). Please remember to edit the patrameters of vboxnet0. After this step you'll push ok button and vboxnet0 will appear on ifconfig list.


Keyboard layout indicator sometimes disappears Ubuntu 18.04.1 after some update

It is not linked with Extension. I have same problem and no extensions installed at all.

Also when indicator disappear, clicking "Show Keyboard Layout" is not working at all

Switching with keyboard or mouse will fix problem.

Problem is there only on restore after sleep, never after fresh boot. Also happen after locking/coming from lock screen.


Skype off when write in chat and open the call video in the same time

The version of Skype on the Ubuntu Software Centre is up-to-date and includes plug-ins for 64-bit.

My suggestion is to uninstall the Skype that you downloaded from the website, and install the Ubuntu version. Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and enter:

sudo apt-get purge skype

This will prompt for your password.

Then install Skype from the standard repositories. In a terminal, enter:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install skype

I also recommend that you update all your packages with:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade


Problem in USB Ethernet driver Installation on Ubuntu 14.04LTS

In my case on Debian Wheezy, I fixed it with building a new kernel.  Mine was 3.2.  Asix got their AX88179_178a driver put into kernel 3.9+ in Debian.  I see your on kernel 3.13 despite this. Can't answer why Ubuntu didn't include it in their kernel.

Wanted to fix it in my original kernel so as to not create any new breaks and learn how to fix the original problem.  No answers so the above was my fix.  So far everything works system wide despite the change to different kernel.

Would like a better answer than mine in case something similar comes up later on my system.


How to install the Ubuntu SDK on Debian?

There's nothing stopping it from working on Debian except somebody doing the packaging work.  You will need the SDK components and all their dependencies (upstream qt5, for example).  You also won't be able to use things like the Ubuntu Online Accounts and Ubuntu One APIs unless the desktop services backing them are also ported.


Would going to sleep then waking by pressing space?

pmi action hibernate; sleep 1; xdotool key space


I've done it with a nautilus script:

#!/bin/bash

SABLONFILE="/home/USER/TEMPLATES/PNG.png"
UJFILENAME="./newPNG.png"

which zenity > /dev/null 2>&1; if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then exit 1; fi
if [ -s "$UJFILENAME" ]; then zenity --error --text="FILENAME ALREADY EXISTS"; exit 1; fi;
cp "$SABLONFILE" "$UJFILENAME"
if ! [ -s "$UJFILENAME" ]; then zenity --error --text="$UJFILENAME wasn't created? wtf?"; exit 1; fi;

so the script will copy a template file from TEMPLATES


Recently a kernel update seems to have fixed this problem for me, but if you are still experiencing it, the best tip I found was to put the computer to sleep (e.g. using Fn+F1) and turn it back on, and your built-in display should then be working fine.

Basically I think there was a problem with the kernel on this particular video device that on boot would just send the video it to an external adapter, even if there wasn't anything connected to it (completely ignoring the built-in display).


Is there any software available to input text by speaking via microphone?

There is a package called simon that can be installed through the software center.

From the Simon description:

Simon is an open-source speech recognition program and replaces the mouse and keyboard.  It is in development for physically disabled people and seniors to give them the possibility to chat, to write e-mails, to surf the internet, to do internet-banking and much more. It is designed to be very flexible and allows customization for any application where speech recognition is needed.


Reagarding skype for linux 32bit machine

Currently Microsoft only maintains Skype for 64bit linux as most computers are now 64bit compatible. You can try to install Ubuntu 64bit and then download Skype for 64bit from www.skype.com or use the Skype web app. Note that an older 32 bit version of Skype will not work as the Skype server will reject its requests.


Have you checked Tgif FAQ already? If you find difficult to read, you should start with the introduction first; There is an introduction found via FAQ, partially quoted as below.

  Tgif's man pages are very hard to understand. Is there something more introductory for a tgif beginner?

  Daan Reuhman wrote a LaTeX document called tgifintro. [...]

   gunzip -c tgifintro-1.0.1.tar.gz | tar xvf -
   cd tgifintro-1.0.1
   make
   gv tgifintro.ps

  Running make above runs latex and dvips.

  A gzipped PostScript (58,987 bytes) and a PDF (106,411 bytes) versions are also available.

Visit this introduction page for the link to gzipped PostScript and PDF files.


When you do a distro upgrade nobody can guarantee, that nothing will break.

I would recommend to create a backup image of your hard drive with clonezilla (Its a special linux live system for image-based snapshots) and save it to an external usb drive, for example.

Then, if anything breaks, you can easily roll back the saved image and everything will be as before the upgrade.

If you like to learn how to use clonezillea, you can watch tutorials such as this one, google for tutorials, and try to backup and restore in a virtual machine.