Windows 10 October 2018 Update Wiped GRUB + GRUB Can't Be Repaired or Installed on fresh Ubuntu Installation

I too lost GRUB after Windows 10 Oct 2018 update. (My machine is a Lenovo Yoga 720 laptop.)
After trying a few things, I found the following simple solution:
I pressed F2 to enter BIOS and changed the boot sequence to Ubuntu on hard disk 1st instead of Windows on hard disk 1st.
When I restarted, I could get back into my original GRUB screen with Ubuntu and Windows boot choices. Both Ubuntu and updated Windows work normally.

Hope this helps someone.


User account not loading after installation

some times your desktop may not load due to problem with lightdm.

press CTRL + ALT + F4 then login using your username and password

sudo apt-get purge lightdm
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lightdm
dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

Now  type sudo shutdown -r now to restart.


Left click button on touchpad not working after update. Any help?

I switched to the kernel to 3.16.3. The trouble is gone.


Where does a virus go when it is found using clamAV

You will be given the options to keep, quarantine or delete them. If you keep them, then of course you can physically delete them.

When you chose to keep, you can also choose if you don't want to be alerted to these again, or if it can flag them next scan.


How to prevent Synaptic Package Manager from asking for password?

The Software Centre falls on PolicyKit for its permissions. This allows the fine grain permissions you've seen. Synaptic does not. Like the command line tools, it needs to run as root.

The most simple way to allow a user access to it without having to type their password is by editing /etc/sudoers. This would allow you to set certain sudo commands to not require a password.

username  ALL=(ALL) ALL, NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/synaptic

Nabbed from here.

You might then have to edit the launcher from gksu synaptic to sudo synaptic. But you might not.


Ubuntu Upgrade, Perl Version Broke ZImbra

I did the same mistake as you.

The Zimbra package come with a lot of binary Perl modules compiled against the Perl version expected to be found in the Ubuntu version supported by the installation package.

In other word, the Zimbra installation package for Ubuntu 12.04 will come with Perl modules compiled for the Perl version delivered with Ubuntu 12.04.
The Zimbra installation package for Ubuntu 14.04 will come with the same Perl modules but compiled for the Perl version delivered with Ubuntu 14.04.

In other word, as you are not able to revert the Ubuntu upgrade, you will have now to upgrade your Zimbra version from an Zimbra installation package specifically build for Ubuntu 14.04.

Currently, the last version of Zimbra, the 8.5.x branch is the first to support Ubuntu 14.04.

When doing the upgrade of Zimbra, don't accept the message store database integrity check, as it is done using a script from the currently installed Zimbra version, a script that won't run for the reason that the Perl engine is now upgrade to a different version.


System -> Preferences -> Monitors gives you a useful graphical interface to easily set this up. This works very well for me using the open source ATI drivers. I doubt you will encounter any great problems (using a fairly mainstream graphics card). If you're using proprietary drivers you may need to use the vender's own tool, e.g. the Nvidia config utility.

It shouldn't 'break' anything, the worst case scenario is you end up with the same thing on both screens.


You could use crontab -e

@reboot /usr/local/bin/yourscript

You could also copy your *.desktop applications into ~/.config/autostart/ or scripts into ~/.config/autostart-scripts/ directory. But, instead of copying, use ln -s pathtoscript ~/.config/autostart-scripts/

You could also use the next GUI for it if you use KDE Plasma:

Or, for Unity:


What software is available for iPod synchronization?

You can use media players like Amarok, gtkpod, songbird and Banshee for iPod synchronization similar to itunes.

Amarok
 - Supports synchronizing, retrieving, playing, or uploading music to the iPod.

Banshee
 - Allows the transferring of songs, videos, and album art to and from the iPod.

gtkpod  - platform independent Graphical User Interface for Apple's iPod using GTK2. It supports the first to fifth Generation including the iPod mini, iPod Photo, iPod Shuffle, iPod nano, and iPod Video etc.

Songbird - iPod device support via community extension. It is a great music organization tool with a variety of extensions.

For further details you can refer the link


Resuming apt-mirror fails due to corrupt index files

Solution for "...gzip: stdin: not in gzip format...":

I use Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 64bit version.
You need to delete "skel" folder ONLY than run apt-mirror again!

$ sudo rm -rf /var/spool/apt-mirror/skel/
$ apt-mirror

I don't know why but it works for me.


Stuck with foreign-architecture=i386 when using apt-get

It's part of the new multiarch system that lets you install foreign-arch packages on your system.

Have a look at the file(s) in /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/, you should see it in there.

I think it's safe to remove if you don't want to use multiarch though I don't know why it should be warning in the first place. Is your physical arch i386 as well or something?


No OpenCL devices (13.10 Core I5 4430 Intel Graphics HD)

The issues is that Intel installer uses RPMs, while Ubuntu use DEB. Rpms does not understand the "provides" declarations of other debs, that's why you have this misleading dependency errors.

First, I would suggest trying to installing this package of Fedora or Censtos (to make setup smooth), checking that it actually solves your original problem and then you'll know that it worth trouble installing it on Ubuntu.


How do I get rid of old linux-headers-3.xx.x-xx files?

sudo apt --purge remove linux-headers-3.19.0-23 linux-headers-3.19.0-23-generic ...

This removes the named packages which contain said header files.


With the HDMI cable plugged in, run the following utility:

speaker-test --channels 2 --rate 48000 --device hw:0,3

(for others, the hw:x,y is x = card, y = device)

This just runs a sound test with static bouncing back and forth. Once it has played out of each speaker, hit Ctrl+c to stop it, and then check in your sound settings to see if the HDMI output is now listed under the internal device.

That was all I had to do to get it working. If it doesn't work for you, check out this tutorial for upgrading alsa to the ppa version.


How to reinstall messed-up 14.04 without losing personal data

You simply install again and do not format the / (root) partition as you install. If you have a separate home partition, do not format it.

These are options in the advanced partitioning section. This is the "something else" option, you can then manually review partitioning and ensure the root and / or home partitions are not formatted.

See : https://help.ubuntu.com/community/GraphicalInstall

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuReinstallation

  Since Hardy it is possible to reinstall Ubuntu without losing the content of the /home folder (the folder that contains program settings, internet bookmarks, emails and all your documents, music, videos and other user files). This can be done even if /home is not on a separate partition (which is the case by default if you did not manually separate it when installing Ubuntu originally).


Why was ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver so slow for me?

A couple of suggestions,

a) Playing around with settings without a reason will cause more problems. Reset swappiness to 60, the default for a desktop system.

b) Don't take hearsay as evidence of anything.

c) You need to gather system information to do a proper diagnosis.

I'm using https://www.monitorix.org/ because it records history of various processes and gives charts to do a visual inspection of whats going on.

On my desktops I also use https://github.com/oguzhaninan/Stacer, again for a visiual representation of whats going on.

The system activity reporting tool sar https://linux.die.net/man/1/sar is a more standard tool you could look into using.

It does sound like you have a hardware issue or a serious misconfiguration, these tools should help you identify the problem by gathering data you can see.

-- hope this helps


Ubuntu 12.04 Mozilla quicktime stream not working

try to install from terminal:

sudo apt-get install gnome-mplayer

and

sudo apt-get install gecko-mediaplayer

Then restart browser. Works for me on Ubuntu 13.04 + Firefox 21.


Why are all my snap directories empty even though I have apps installed there?

The snap folder under your home directory is not where snaps are installed. It's simply the confined path tree for where those apps are allowed to read/write user data from (barring any exceptions granted by the user).

The actual snaps are in a different system-wide location, and mounted on yet another location for use.


Disclaimer: I have never used EasyBCD; this answer is only based on EasyBCD documentation pages. Follow the links for further instructions.

You can choose to skip any of both bootloaders while keeping both of them installed. Since you mentioned you wanted to keep GRUB, the first option will be more relevant to you.

Keep GRUB

Set Ubuntu/GRUB (or however EasyBCD calls it) as the default entry. (Source: Changing the default boot entry)
Set "Skip the boot menu" as the timeout option. (Source: Setting the Menu Timeout)

Keep EasyBCD

Change GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 to GRUB_TIMEOUT=0 in /etc/default/grub using your favorite text editor. (Source: Adding Ubuntu to Windows Bootloader; see Step Six)

Note: it is assumed that Ubuntu is the first boot option in GRUB. If for some reason it is not, you can change GRUB_DEFAULT=0 to another value in order to boot the correct option.

If you ever change your mind on the bootloader you want to keep, you can revert your changes and proceed to the other option.


Will I have to reinstall applications if I reinstall Ubuntu?

apt-get installs things wherever the packages say they want to be installed. This is typically somewhere in /usr and /lib.

Reinstalling can be done in a variety of methods. If you install over the top of an existing installation, you probably won't have to reinstall applications but you may have problems with dependencies. The reinstalled version of Ubuntu won't know that some things are already installed.

For that reason, a clean install is usually recommended, in which yes, you will need to reinstall your applications, just as you would with Windows.

I personally don't keep /home/ on a separate partition. This is more due to hardware (a small but stupidly fast SSD as my root partition and terabytes of slow RAID5) than anything else but I just keep the stuff I really want to keep (documents/music/etc) bind-mounted on the RAID5 array and then backup things I want running fast (firefox profile, etc) on a regular basis.

I don't think there's a single best answer for every user but if you need more disk space for applications, you need a bigger root partition. That much is pretty simple.


How can I fix nohup, byobu, tmux, screen, etc to not die when I disconnect from SSH?

I just had exactly the same issue, coincidentally also with Ubuntu 18.04 with the KDE Neon packages installed after the fact.
It turns out that systemd is terminating all of your user processes when your session ends, for example when you terminate your SSH login because you think that you're just going to re-attach later with tmux. ;)
To fix, do the following steps:

Make the following changes to /etc/systemd/logind.conf:
KillUserProcesses=no
KillExcludeUsers=root YOUR_USER_NAME

and restart systemd-logind with:
sudo systemctl restart systemd-logind

Enable lingering for your account with:
loginctl enable-linger YOU_USER_NAME

I initially only had the lingering enabled and the KillUserProcesses=no, but my tmux still got killed. Only after I modified KillExcludeUsers (thanks to https://askubuntu.com/a/1097134/59971 ) could I continue my neural network training in peace.


You have to use .hidden on all the folders that contain the files you want to hide.

Lets say you have 3 folders with photos

folder1
folder2
folder2

You have to create a .hidden file for folder1, folder2 and folder3. Not just 1 file in your ~/user.


Don't know how to change the download destination of /tmp from FireFox

Open Firefox.

Click the menu button on the far right-hand side near the top (it looks like 3 horizontal lines).

Click preferences.

You should see "Downloads" "Save file to: ", you can use the "browse" button to find the folder you would like downloads to save to.


Is it usable to install ubuntu over laptop Dell Latitude E5420 already installed with Windows 8.1?

I would suggest you to install ubuntu on a virtual machine and get use to it. Once you feel comfortable using ubuntu make the partition of your disk or even better reboot your computer with only ubuntu :D

https://www.virtualbox.org/
http://www.ubuntu.com/

Hope that helps


(alt) and (super) keys suddenly stopped working in gnome 3

sudo apt-get remove gnome-shell ubuntu-gnome-desktop and use sudo apt-get install bleachbit remove all Unwanted and install sudo apt-get install gnome-shell...ur done


This is a known bug of bamf (the window matching library of ubuntu).

Currently I know no workaround for having the emacs icon in the launcher, but I can tell you that when you start emacs from the command-line, you do get a working launcher icon for the current session (arrows, focus, etc.).


Control what information tracker indexes

From the tracker faq:

  You can control Tracker's configuration directly using dconf-editor or
  the gsettings CLI tool. The relevant schemas are
  org.freedesktop.Tracker.Miner.Files and
  org.freedesktop.Tracker.Extract.

You can use dconf-editor to find tracker's settings.

Open dconf-editor.
Go to: org/freedesktop/Tracker/Miner/Files.
Look for index-recursive-directories.
Add/remove directories you want (don't want) tracker to index.


Just figured out how. Create and edit a new textfile at /user/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-joystick.conf with the following content:

Section "InputClass"
  Identifier "joystick catchall"
  MatchIsJoystick "on"
  MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
  Driver "joystick"
  Option “StartKeysEnabled” “False” #Disable mouse
  Option “StartMouseEnabled” “False” #support
EndSection


Can I create a bootable Ubuntu or any Linux USB without having to have fat/fat32/ntfs bootable partition

Flash drives used to be small, it was easier and cheaper to make a persistent install that uses a compressed file for the OS than extracting the full OS to a larger expensive USB.

Today large flash drives are inexpensive and it is easy to make a Full install to flash drive similar as installing to internal drive.

With a Full install only one partition is required, and it can have an ext 2, 3 or 4 filesystem.

However Full install flash drives are not much use at installing Ubuntu.

I do not know of any Boot drive apps that work without a MS filesystem.
Syslinux installers all require FAT or NTFS as most are Windows programs, grub2 UEFI requires a MS partition.

It is possible to install grub2 to an ext flash drive and either loopmount the ISO or extract the ISO to a partition if booting BIOS is OK, no MS partition is required.

A loop mounted ISO can be used for installing Ubuntu.


Why does Ubuntu apply separate permissions to partitions mounted with the same parameters?

As the ext3 file system supports Unix style permissions the permissions stored on the file system are used, just like on your / partition.

If you want all the files in DATA2 and its subfolders to belong to the user and group me you can use

chown -R me:me /media/DATA2

to change the owner.


As far as I know, you can't in a strict way (unless using some kind of virtual machine or using cgroups  which is not so easy; you can see this answer from @muru.).

You can limit the memory available with ulimit, but this will simply have the effect of telling your program that there is no more memory when doing an allocation, or crashing it with a signal if it doesn't handle the out-of-memory condition. Look:

zcat /var/log/syslog.2.gz

it works, lot of output

 ulimit -d 100
 ulimit -m 100

(This is limiting the memory for data and for core to 100 kB)

 [romano:~] 2 % zcat /var/log/syslog.2.gz
 /bin/zcat: xmalloc: .././subst.c:3542: cannot allocate 267 bytes (53248 bytes allocated)

But the shell is still able to see all the memory:

[romano:~] 2 % free
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:      15340736    5148596   10192140     368776     284192    2794848
-/+ buffers/cache:    2069556   13271180
Swap:     31999996          0   31999996

Edit: more info in this unix.se post.


First things first, the Blender Console on Linux is a bit different than you might expect.

Unlike on Windows, Blender's console output is placed on the command line, if run from a terminal. Also, Blender on all versions contains a built in console.

You can choose either a Python console or a regular console (bash), though some builds do not have this (for example the one I'm using does not).

Secondly, you can get Blender from a PPA. The builds are from svn and are built usually every week. The PPA also contains Blender 2.4x for backwards compatibility.

For 2.6x:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:irie/blender
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install blender

For 2.4:

sudo apt-get install blender 2.4


Can't login as admin after upgrading from 11.04 to 11.10

Removing ~/.Xauthority and restarting lightdm didn't work for me either, the file seems to be immediately recreated every time, however I did 2 things, possibly one of which solved my problem with logging in.

I had previously added some custom command to the file /etc/profile, which I removed.
There was another file ~/.xsession-errors which I removed as well.

After that and deleting ~/.Xauthority I was able to successfully log in, I don't know which of those things caused it though because I did them at the same time.
Hopefully this will be useful to you in solving your logging in problem. One other thing I did was to stop some services I had recently installed, but unless it took a long time to take effect that didn't seem to help either, might be worth a try though.


Help wanted with customising the markdown panel in gedit

A picture that worth a hundred words:

And here's markdown preview in side-by-side mode:

Or try to change browser's default CSS for HTML elements.


WARNING:
You will be hard-pressed to find good free proxy and VPN services. That's because at its core, no free service can truly be free. In one form or another there will always be some form of a business model behind it. And in the case of free proxy networks and VPNs the provider's income might fully well depend on selling your data to third parties. So please be wary when using the services below.

You could use a free VPN service. It's pretty easy to set up:

Open Network Manager – From the desktop click on the Network Manager    icon in the top right hand corner, click on VPN Connections and
Configure VPN. If you can’t see the Network Manager icon, you can
open network manager by clicking on System > Preferences > Network
Configuration and then click on the VPN tab.

Add VPN connection – When the VPN Connection window is displayed,    click on Add to create the new connection.

Choose the connection type – Ensure the connection type is PPTP and    click Create. Enter VPN Account Details – For gateway enter
“xx.justfreevpn.com” as the VPN server name. In the Connection name
field, enter “xx.justfreevpn.com” as the new connection name. Enter
VPN username and VPN password too.

Advanced Settings – Select both MSCHAP and MSCHAPv2 options. Check    the box labeled Use Point to Point encryption (MPPE) and then click
OK. Click OK again to save the VPN connection.

Connect to the VPN – Now start the VPN connection by clicking on the    Network Manager Icon again, select VPN Connections and click on
the    new connection you have created.

You’re connected! – The Network Manager icon should now have a little    padlock icon on it to indicate that the VPN is now
connected.

Source: JustFreeVPN | Setup Howto (archived)

A comparison of paid VPN services and their privacy policies may be found at:
Which VPN Providers Really Take Anonymity Seriously in 2020? | TorrentFreak


Lubuntu - pcmanfm does not fully update on first boot

I have found a superior workaround, at least: restart pcmanfm by opening a terminal and issuing the following commands:

killall pcmanfm
pcmanfm


How do I import existing SSH keys into Seahorse?

Export and Import Keys

Seahorse can import SSH keys from the clipboard or a key file.
Seahorse allows users to specify a SSH key file. Seahorse does not change
the content of imported files, instead, Seahorse copies the imported files
to ~/.ssh with non-duplicated file names.

Seahorse can export public key or private key info to new files.
Seahorse can copy public key info to the clipboard.

  open seahorse -> file - import.


Does nginx use "deferred" as the default for the listen directive?

deferred is not enabled by default on Ubuntu, there is no patch that enables it by default.

Below is my attempt to get an understanding of what the option does.

From the reference at http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#listen:

  deferred -- indicates to use that postponed accept(2) on Linux with the aid of option TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT

Right, it refers to the manual page accept, section 2 - System calls (functions provided by the kernel). Unfortunately I couldn't find any information in that manual page about the effect of it, so I started digging in the source code (apt-get source nginx).

The option is enabled in nginx-0.8.54/src/http/ngx_http_core_module.c:3534. If deffered accept is not supported, you should get an error message on startup:

  the deferred accept is not supported on this platform, ignored

At this point I stopped searching further. It wouldn't make sense if deferred is enabled by default in nginx if it cannot be disabled.


Unable to boot into Windows 8.1 after installing on separate partition (not preinstalled)

So it depends on what order you installed everything, you might be able to repair, you might have to start over. I'll share some of my thoughts and if you can provide more details on how you set things up we can narrow down a solution for you.

The generally recommended sequence of installation is to prepare your partitions, install windows, then install linux so when grub2 configures it will find the windows bootloader and add to the grub menu. On machine's that come with WIndows preinstalled, you can shrink your windows partition using the Windows Disk Management utility from the Adminiistrative Tools section in the Control Panel, or you can just fire up a live linux disk/usb stick and use GParted as well.

If you install Windows second it likes to be the only OS on your system so will automatically bulldoze whatever grub files you had in the MBR. So in your case I hope you upgraded to windows 8.1 first.

As far as finding an existing windows bootloader and adding to your grub menu you could try using os-prober which will do exactly what it sounds, probe your system for installed OSes and adds them to your bootloader.

It's always encouraged to read up on the documentation for your relevant problem. The Arch Linux Wiki is fantastically thorough and kept well up-to-date, the Grub section is here and another good resource is Dedoimedo's Grub Tutorial.

If your computer is a bit older then you likely should be installing the grub2 bootloader into partition containing the Windows MBR which is usually /dev/sda.

If your computer is bit newer and has an efi boot partition then you can install one of the more recent Ubuntu builds like 14.04 and install your grub2 bootloader into the efi partition. This may vary by device depending on how your manufacturer set up the partition scheme. You should be able to see which partition is labeler "efi" using something like the GParted partition manager.

Newer Ubuntu-based distros seem to work well on efi machines. I've had good luck with stock Ubuntu 12.04+, Linux Mint 16+ and Ubuntu-Gnome 12.04+.

Another thing you can check is your machine's boot order in the EFI/BIOS settings. My EFI settings show both ubuntu and windows and I can adjust the priority of which will boot first. If you can see the Windwos bootloader in your EFI/BIOS menu then you might just need to use the os-prober to add Windows to your grub, which would be the simplest solution.

Let us know how you fare.


Do I have to configure a server with hardware RAID?

If it is hardware raid, then it is already taking care of it and you can see the configuration in the bios raid utility ( changing the hardware raid configuration is usually destructive, so you will need to reinstall ).  Look for something in the bios POST screens that mention pressing some key for the raid utility.  If this is the case you will only see a single drive ( /dev/sda ).  /proc/mdstat normally only lists software raid arrays, which you can configure if, and only if you desire ( and the simplest way to do so is to reinstall ).  If you see multiple drives in the system ( /dev/sdb, etc ), then you don't have hardware raid.


Why does the installer freeze at the moving dots?

Your issue doesn't have anything to do with Windows XP.  Either the Ubuntu live CD doesn't get along with your hardware, or you have a corrupt CD.

Try using the Alternate install disk.

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/alternative-downloads


The question was how to kill all jobs.
The simple way to kill all jobs:
lprm -

The complicated linux old-school way is below:
Command line:
lpstat -o

to view outstanding print jobs.
cancel -a {printer}

to cancel ALL jobs or ...
cancel {printerjobid}

to cancel 1 job.

man page cancel


What kind of support does Canonical provide on a business level?

Canonical Support and Services will support you to some extent on all of these questions through our Ubuntu Advantage program, but there are some caveats:

A1.  Wine is in the Universe repository, not Main, and is therefore technically "unsupported".  What that really means is that there are no guarantees that we can solve the problem or provide a patch.  We will, however, give it a good effort and assist in configuration questions and triaging the problem.  We have some really great support engineers but if it's not in Main, there are limits.

A2.  Similarly, by definition PPAs are not part of the Main repository.  In some of the examples you've cited, there are suported packages for those apps in Main (e.g. libreoffice, openshot) so in such cases we would like to see if the same problem can be reproduced in the mainline Ubuntu version of the package.  You might use the PPA version of openshot, but if the same crash/bug exists in the mainline Ubuntu version, then there's no problem.  It will be supported.  However, if it results in a patch, we're going to push that fix into our packages in Main.  Getting the same patch into the PPA which you use would take some coordination with the PPA maintainer and is not guaranteed at all.  If that PPA is maintained by a Canonical employee, an Ubuntu member, or the package's upstream maintainter, then there is a decent chance, but again, no
guarantee as these are not the offical Ubuntu archives or our Canonical Support PPAs.

A3.  That's a broad question.  There are server-side email migrations and then there are client-side migrations.  Either way, it seems to me that this type of issue would not fall under Support but Services (i.e. consulting).  I would contact Canonical Sales and ask for an evaluation.

Since you asked for details, let me add that there are several different types of Ubuntu Advantage subscription: desktop, 3 levels of server support (essential, standard, advanced), cloud guest, and cloud infrastructure.  Each choice comes with a client subscription for Landscape, our system management console.

And you're only obligated to subscribe the systems that you think require support.  Every other system (test, dev, uat, etc.) can run the exact same distribution as your supported systems.

Good luck, I hope we can help!


Broken dependencies after installing Skype

Thanks for your support. I was able to fix it with:

sudo dpkg --remove libasound2:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386

I tried to install Skype over both ways (Software Center and Skype.com). Now I just run the +x from the official tarball.


Allow user in a chrooted shell to use a sudo command

Rather than trying to copy the sudo binary and its dependencies into the chroot, it might be easier to have a script running as root that checks when a file exists and restarts the process.

That script might be something like this:

#!/bin/bash
restartfile="restartprocess"
while :
do
   for user in /home/*
   do
      if [ -f $user/$restartfile ]
      then
         supervisorctl restart myprocessname
         rm $user/$restartfile
      fi
   done
   sleep 5 #Adjust file checking time interval
done

(This also assumes the user is chrooted to a folder in /home)

Once this script is running as root, the chrooted user would just have to run one of the following commands to create an empty file (called restartprocess) in its home directory (you could add ~/ before the file name):

touch restartprocess

echo > restartprocess

> restartprocess

And the process would be restarted.


ASCII art generators:

aa3d
AA-project
libcaca
GIMP

For OCR there are many options, depending on the goals, but not something that will directly output ASCII-art. In any case check out the OCR page at the Wiki.


You can do this with rythmbox. I use rythmbox to transfer music to my 3rd generation iPod nano. With rythmbox all you have to do is drag the music to your iPods icon and it will transfer the music. You can check if it has transferred if your iPod shows that it is syncing.


Can anybody detect file in directory www (nginx)?

Is very unsecured to left data only behind index.html.
A lot of tools is designed to search this files.
Named for this tools are URL fuzzer. You have online version here.

  The URL Fuzzer uses a custom built wordlist for discovering hidden
  files and  directories. The wordlist contains more than 1000 common
  names of known  files and directories. For each WORD in the wordlist,
  it will make an HTTP  request to: Base_URL/WORD/ or to
  Base_URL/WORD.EXT in case you chose to fuzz  a certain EXTension.

Edit 1

Meybe "behind" is not best expression. You can create additional folder in DokumentRoot folder on you site and protect them with .htaccess. Configuration of .htaccess you can find here. You will get folder with username/passwork protection.


Is sudo dd taking too long to wipe hard drive?

You command is writing to the disk using 512 Byte blocks which is quite slow as it needs a lot of blocks. You can increase the block size using the bs=N parameter.

See this answer for a short explanation and this question at Superuser for what block size  to choose.


Two notifications for empathy and no notification preferences tab?

I'm having this problem too since I switched to GNOME Shell on Ubuntu 12.04, and I tried Gevorg's solution but it didn't work.

Looking more closely at the file, I can see why: It turns off notifications for a bunch of things, but not for incoming messages.

Follow his instructions, but add the following line in between the gconf tags:

<entry name="notifications_message_received" mtime="1334850046" type="bool" value="false">

Also, don't use sudo to copy it in there or you'll screw up your permissions. Best to save the file, create the directories while you're doing that (right-click on the save file dialog to show hidden files, go into .gconf, go into apps, go into empathy, right-click to create new directory, call it notifications, go in there and save it).

After you've done that, you'll only get one notification on each incoming message, and it'll be the one that lets you reply inside of it. I.e. the right kind for GNOME Shell.

Has anyone filed a bug report about this? This behavior is pretty annoying.


Openvpn doesn't connect after disconnent

If you have installed network-manager-openvpn, you can connect to a VPN stored in Network Manager by

nmcli con up id ConnectionName

And disconnect from the VPN by the command

nmcli con down id ConnectionName

Where ConnectionName is the id of your VPN in network manager.  You can list all the ids by the command

nmcli con

Source


When I play a video full screen after about ten minutes the screen goes black, and the sound repeats a loop

Have you guys checked the power settings on your systems? I believe the default is to put the display to "sleep mode" after 10 minutes, and then the setting are defaulted to lock the system when the screen does go to sleep.
Go to your system settings and check those, if they are set to put the screen to sleep, change the setting to a longer time, usually 2 hours is sufficient, and uncheck the box that says "Lock screen when going to sleep" hopefully that will solve your problem.


How to create a Menu item for Eclipse in Ubuntu 13.10?

You write in your question that your .desktop file contains this:

Exec=env UBUNTU_MENUPROXY=/usr/local/eclipse.kepler/eclipse

but it should contain something like this:

Exec=env UBUNTU_MENUPROXY= /usr/local/eclipse.kepler/eclipse

Note the space between = and /. The UBUNTU_MENUPROXY variable needs to be unset for eclipse to work correctly. You are setting it to eclipse and not launching any applications.

Though I don't know if this solves your problem, since I think this shouldn't cause the icon not showing up, just it won't do anything when clicked.

UPDATE: So the above haven't made eclipse to show up, here is one more thing you can try:

Put the .desktop file in the ~/.local/share/applications/ directory, this is where you can store per-user .desktop files, maybe unity will detect it from there. If it does, don't forget that the .desktop files in that directory is only available to the user in whose home directory the .desktop file is located, so if you have more users just copy the .desktop file to every users ~/.local/share/applications/ directory.

Also note that for the desktop files in ~/.local/share/applications/ it is needed to logout to show up in the dash. (I don't know why, but it is so on my side.) So if you put there the .desktop file don't forget to logout/logback.


Using Expect in Bash to set the inital "postgres" user password?

Much easier:

sudo -u postgres psql -c "ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD '{password}';"

Documentation on psql (PostgreSQL interactive terminal).


What I ended up doing:

Delete Dropbox:

sudo apt-get remove --purge nautilus-dropbox

Manually delete the dropboxfolder:

sudo rm -r Dropbox

Install dropbox again. and it stated syncing


Problems updating plexmediaserver on Ubuntu 15.04

Firstly the solution for removing plex error i followed this instruction

http://www.ihaveapc.com/2011/10/fix-annoying-the-package-needs-to-be-reinstalled-but-i-cant-find-an-archive-for-it-error-in-linux-mint-ubuntu/

sudo rm -f /etc/init.d/plexmediaserver &&

sudo dpkg --purge --force-all plexmediaserver

sudo apt-get purge plexmediaserver

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/plexmediaserver

sudo userdel plex

sudo rm /etc/init/plexmediaserver.conf

sudo rm /etc/default/plexmediaserver

After all the above steps I have downloaded from software center plex. that vertion is so old. Then i upgraded to this vertion plexmediaserver_0.9.11.7.803-87d0708_amd64 this vertion is kind of working okay.

And NOW EVERYTHING WORKING PERFECT FOR ME


New to Ubuntu...Installation problem...!

You have to set your mount point, means the point where to install ubuntu (kind of). You may do this, but please, first notice that all data on the selected partition will be deleted, and the file system will be changed from NTFS to Ext4. You may want to save your most important files to a USB stick or make some other kind of backup to be sure. If there is another operating system on the selected partition, it will also be deleted, but you can let go of "something else" in this case and choose what you want to do. My guideline assumes you already have a partition where there is nothing important on it.

choose the partition you want to install ubuntu on, by clicking on it.
click on "change". A new little window will appear.
for "Use as:" choose "Ext4 journaling file system"
for "Mount point:" choose "/" (called root)
click on "OK" and then on "Install now".


Ubuntu Wi-fi driver not working on my Acer Aspire V15 Nitro?? (Qualcomm Atheros QC6174a

You likely need firmware that is not yet part of Ubuntu package linux-firmware
sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/jeremyb31/ath10k-firmware.git
sudo cp ath10k-firmware/ /lib/firmware/ath10k/

Reboot


Ubuntu 11.10 logs off when clicking shutdown

Is your account set to autologin and is your home folder encrypted? Had same problem and fixed it by turning 'autologin' for user off. Need to do sudo reboot or shutdown -h now from terminal, then either use GUI via User Account settings and turn off autologin or follow these steps from https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-session/+bug/838792 :

raggar (mbaart) wrote on 2011-11-04: #24
I found a possible solution to this bug. It has something to do with the auto login >function in the user management from Unity. When activated it cannot shutdown anymore. >Also disable the auto login is not possible anymore.
What I did:
gksudo gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
remove the line:
autologin-user= YOUR USERNAME
Restart your computer with:
sudo shutdown -h now
After that I had a system that worked normally again.


Skipping acquire of configured file 'contrib/binary-i386/Packages' as repository ... doesn't support architecture 'i386'

Edit:
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list

and change:
deb https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic contrib

for
deb [arch=amd64] https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic contrib

Or open terminal an execute the following command:
echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian $(lsb_release -sc) contrib" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list

Or run this bash script to install virtualbox and its dependencies from Oracle repository (tested in Ubuntu 18.04/20.04):
chmod +x VboxInstall.sh && ./VboxInstall.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Install Virtualbox from Oracle Repository
echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian $(lsb_release -sc) contrib" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list
sudo su -c 'wget -q -O- https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc | apt-key add -'
sudo su -c 'wget -q -O- http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/oracle_vbox_2016.asc | apt-key add -'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential gcc make perl dkms bridge-utils
sudo apt-get -y install virtualbox-6.1
sudo dpkg --configure -a && sudo apt-get -f -y install
export VBOX_VER=`VBoxManage --version | awk -Fr '{print $1}'`
wget -c http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/$VBOX_VER/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-$VBOX_VER.vbox-extpack
sudo VBoxManage extpack install Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-$VBOX_VER.vbox-extpack
sudo usermod -a -G vboxusers $USER
sudo update-grub
sudo /sbin/vboxconfig

Important: If you have a previous versions of virtualbox installed (from Ubuntu or Oracle repositories), remove it and backup your VM and config before running script
# Purge Virtualbox
sudo vboxmanage list runningvms | sed -r 's/.*\{(.*)\}/\1/' | sudo xargs -L1 -I {} VBoxManage controlvm {} savestate
sudo VBoxManage extpack uninstall "Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack"
sudo systemctl stop vboxweb-service.service
# using wildcard may not work on some linux systems, and you have to specify the version to remove:
sudo apt-get -y autoremove --purge virtualbox*
sudo rm -rf /etc/vbox /usr/lib/virtualbox /opt/VirtualBox /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list
# optional:
# sudo rm -rf ~/.config/VirtualBox

Source: Virtualbox kernel service is not running


What happened to the lost+found directory for 18.04?

As before, the lost+found directory is present on any partition formatted with the ext file system. See here on Askubuntu to learn about its purpose.

mklost+found is a system command used to create such lost+found directory on an ext file system. Use the command which mklost+found to find out it is located in /usr/sbin/. See the man page for its purpose and how it is used (i.e.e, type man mklost+found in the termnal.

Snaps and Flatpaks may add their own mklost+found, you you may find multiple such binaries on a linux system that supports Snap or Flatpak. On Ubuntu versions with snap support, you will find mklost+foundexecutables associates with the core snap. The org.gnome.Platform flatpak also provides such a binary.


Unwanted Chinese language got set in system settings

I noticed in files /etc/environment, $HOME/.profile following lines were present:

export LANGUAGE="zh_CN:en"
export LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF-8"
export LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
export LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8"

and in /etc/default/locale only US English line was present as you can see this snapshot:

I went to those files and deleted these extra lines of Chinese Language now I am able to resolve this problem and things are back on track.

However specially want to mention that gnome-language-selector did not help at all.

Sharing this for future archives hope this solution will help some one in future.


Chrome freezes after exiting full screen mode in Netflix

Try to disable in Google Chrome the "Use hardware acceleration when available" and check if you have a better experience. It's not a solution, but at least a workaround. It did the trick for me.


While waiting for an answer on why the crontab event was not running something interesting happened: the script setup through crontab actually ran! It turns out that it seems to to be using the time of day without considering the summer time. That is, it is taking the time as a fixed time from UTC not considering that it is still summer time.

As an example, the task that was setup as:

52 13 * * * /home/username/my_script.sh

actually ran at 14:52 (that is what the clock at the top right corner of my screen said).  Because we are still in summer time, I am concluding that cron actually looks at the system clock and ignores the fact that we have added one hour due to summer time.  Using @Rohitt Vashishtha words: cron doesn't play nice with timezones.


Follow this answer to add the Software Source ppa for XBMC.

Then edit the software source and change the distribution from natty to maverick as per this picture.


Found it at this random link.

For the unsecured site, this code

<Directory /var/www/mySubdirectory>
    Options +Includes
    XBitHack on
</Directory>

needs to go in /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf.

For the secure site, the code probably needs to go in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf.


Kali linux to be installed as a boot option

Use gparted on a livecd to resize the main partition to a size that leaves enough free space for what you want on the kali installation, create an ext4 partition in the free space, and simply install. Grub will add all available bootable OSs to the menu when you install it as it just runs a normal "update-grub (disk)" command during installation


Basic stuff install

sudo apt-get install git
sudo apt-get install unzip

LAMP

sudo apt-get install tasksel
sudo tasksel install lamp-server

CURL + Composer

sudo apt-get install curl php-curl php-mcrypt php-mbstring php-gettext

enable mods

sudo phpenmod mcrypt
sudo phpenmod mbstring
sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo systemctl restart apache2

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

Install phpmyadmin

sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin

later accessible through http://localhost/phpmyadmin

Creating Laravel Project

cd /var/www/html/

sudo composer create-project laravel/laravel app_name --prefer-dist
sudo chmod -R 777 app_folder_name
php artisan serve

and that's it...go to http://localhost:8000 and it's available there....

I have made a video with detailed instructions:


"suddenly all the files in my Download folder got locked" suggests filesystem corruption or a faulty/dying hard drive.

First, try to use the fsck command to repair your filesystem

If your filesystem can be repaired, then backing up your data to some other media is wise, in case the problem re-occurs.

If your filesystem can be repaired, but the problem re-occurs after another few boots, then run a SMART test on your storage device (HDD/SSD)


Partition the hard drive after Ubuntu 14.04 installation

Yes you can but you have to be very carefull as there is a big potential for loosing data if you dont do it right or there is a problem (loss of power)

Before touching partitions make sure any important data has been backed up! Also it would be a good idea to do this when you are not restricted with time. If you have something important to do soon, leave it till you have time that should you have problems you have time to work it out.

Another note, you cannot modify partitions that are mounted, so you cannot be loaded into ubuntu.

You will need to use the live DVD. Look for a program called gparted. It can also be run from the terminal by typing into a terminal

sudo gparted

If for some reason its not installed (it should be though in a live installer)

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gparted

Gparted will allow you to make many different modifications to you partitions. Make sure that you select the right partition to modify. Gparted is fairly easy to understand so you should be able to easily work out what partition to modify.

Most general linux users will have only 2 partitions. there root partition \ and a swap partion. (more advanced linux users may have more to seperate the system from there home directory )

When gparted has finished scanning drives, you can select your drive from the upper right side where it says /dev/sdx (xx.xxGB)

For example my laptop HD is /dev/sda

You will see a bar that is split up and that represents your partitions, also you will see them listed.

look at mount point "/" is your root partition.

Resizing is simple, right click on the partition you want to resise and select resize move.

you will get a dialogue with options on resizing.

once you have verified everthing is correct, you can click the apply all changes button.

Depending on hardware and size of your drive it could take some time to complete.


apt-get cannot install specific version listed in apt-cache policy

The 2: is part of the version number. Don't forget to add it when specifying the version:

apt-get install redis-server=2:2.8.19-1chl1~trusty1


overheating in ubuntu but not in windows

hmmm....I guess check out your power settings, possibly even in your bios but most likely in Linux.  Make sure that it IS actively monitoring temps and controlling fan speeds and cooling.

It's possible that a video controller or your chipset or something is not using the correct driver in linux.  If this is the case, I'd say start by going into Software Sources in Ubuntu and seeing about using different video drivers (like for NVidia cards, there's at least five different sources for drivers and only one or two of them are NVidia).

A chipset driver might make sense as this is where your power management tends to take place.  It's possible that your Acer may requires proprietary drivers for it's power management features.


Try using unetbootin which should be available to download for Win7. If it still fails then your USB sticks may be a problem as they do have a finite lifespan.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNetbootin

http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/


Best practice for this is usually using snapshots, a feature provided by many virtualization hypervisors, including VirtualBox. One can revert to earlier snapshot within seconds to get back to the point of taking it.

For a consistent and quick snapshot I recommend you shut down the VM before taking the snapshot.


The short answer to your question is no. While there is an Ubuntu variant that works on phones and tablets, called Ubuntu Touch, you cannot just download Ubuntu Touch and install it on your phone as you would install a regular Ubuntu desktop on a computer.

If you are highly tech savvy you may be able to install it on a very limited number of supported phones, and there are now some phones preinstalled with Ubuntu Touch. For somebody who claims to be "not that savvy when it comes to computers", installing it themselves is pretty much completely out, and I wouldn't recommend getting a preinstalled Ubuntu phone either (at this point) unless you are very familiar with Ubuntu and want to tinker with it.

If you are still interested, you can get more information on the Ubuntu Touch Wiki.


Ubuntu - Recommended Minimum System Requirements

I think you can run any version you want. I use the Unity version of Ubuntu on two old machines, that comparable or slower than yours. You can try and if it's too slow or laggy for you, you may try Lubuntu or Xubuntu. Xubuntu runs very fine on an very very old Single-Core machine of my mother, which has less than 1 GB of memory.


I don't know much about your Toshiba model, but mine has a Fingerprint reader that supposedly encrypts the Hdd. I disable it before installing an OS. If I were you, I'd also try it before installing it and see if (and how) that works.

Finally, I keep a dual boot of win 10 and Kali on my older tablet hybrid. On the newer one, with ssd, I keep Kali on an encrypted USB key and use mostly Win 10. I applaud your courage to go Ubuntu fully, completely.


Error unistalling Snap version of Chromium

Found an answer that worked for me here: How to remove snap completely without losing the Chromium browser? As mentioned by @ʇsәɹoɈ.
snap remove chromium

then
sudo apt purge chromium-browser chromium-chromedriver

Had to remove <chromium_chromium.desktop> from </home/user/.local/share/applications> to get rid of the App in the Application Launcher also removed an empty folder called  in </home/user/snap>.
My Deb Chromium if working fine and the Snap version is gone.


According to NEWS file of libgphoto2 the support for your camera was added in version 2.5.19.

For Ubuntu this means that you need to have Ubuntu 18.10 (cosmic) or future 19.04 (disco). Both versions are non LTS.

So on Ubuntu LTS you need to compile gphoto2 and libgphoto2 by yourself.
Below is the method for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS:

Enable Source Code repositories from Sofware & Updates (software-properties-gtk)
Install build tools and build dependencies for gphoto packages:

sudo apt-get install build-essential git devscripts
sudo apt-get build-dep libgphoto2-dev gphoto2

Clone source code from Debian (we will get version 2.5.20-3 for both gphoto2 and libphoto2 for compatibility):

cd ~/Downloads
git clone https://salsa.debian.org/debian-phototools-team/libgphoto2.git -b debian/2.5.20-3
cd libgphoto2
rm debian/source/format # disable 3.0 (quilt) format
dpkg-buildpackage -uc -us
sudo apt-get install ../libgphoto2*.deb

cd ~/Downloads
git clone https://salsa.debian.org/debian-phototools-team/gphoto2.git -b debian/2.5.20-3
cd gphoto2
rm debian/source/format # disable 3.0 (quilt) format
dpkg-buildpackage -uc -us
sudo apt-get install ../gphoto2*.deb

Check that gphoto packages were installed (compare with output below):

$ dpkg -l | grep gphoto
ii  gphoto2                     2.5.20-3         amd64        digital camera command-line client
ii  libgphoto2-6:amd64          2.5.20-3         amd64        gphoto2 digital camera library
ii  libgphoto2-dev:amd64        2.5.20-3         amd64        gphoto2 digital camera library (development files)
ii  libgphoto2-dev-doc          2.5.20-3         all          gphoto2 digital camera library (development documentation)
ii  libgphoto2-l10n             2.5.20-3         all          gphoto2 digital camera library - localized messages
ii  libgphoto2-port12:amd64     2.5.20-3         amd64        gphoto2 digital camera port library

$ gphoto2 --version
gphoto2 2.5.20

Copyright (c) 2000-2018 Lutz Mueller and others

gphoto2 comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. You may
redistribute copies of gphoto2 under the terms of the GNU General Public
License. For more information about these matters, see the files named COPYING.

This version of gphoto2 is using the following software versions and options:
gphoto2         2.5.20         gcc, popt(m), exif, cdk, aa, jpeg, readline
libgphoto2      2.5.20         all camlibs, gcc, ltdl, EXIF
libgphoto2_port 0.12.0         iolibs: disk ptpip serial usb1 usbdiskdirect usbscsi, gcc, ltdl, USB, serial without locking

I do not have any DSLR for test, but I hope this method will work.

Also note that many GUI applications use gphoto2 library as back-end to communicate the camera. You can try digiKam, DarkTable, Entangle. All they have packages in official Ubuntu repositories.


The OP answered in a comment:

  I answered my own question.  To get this working, I installed the
  CompizConfig Settings Manager from the Ubuntu software center.  From
  the dash I searched for the program after it was downloaded.  I went
  to enhanced zoom desktop and enabled zoom in with the mouse pic next
  to it and set the key binding to super plus button 1 (the left mouse
  button)  and then I enabled zoom out with the mouse pic next to it and
  set the key binding to super plus button 3 (the right mouse button).
  I hope this helps anyone else who is having this problem.  Can we make
  this a little easier for legally blind people?

– Ross Sep 7 '1. at 23:03


AV1 decoder required to play the video in smplayer

If mplayer will not play the video portion of your file (e.g. running "mplayer file.mkv" on the command line yields errors of the form "Cannot find codec matching selected -vo and video format 0x31307661," indicating lack of support for the av1 video codec), then you still might be able to play the video with smplayer by changing the multimedia engine that smplayer uses.  In the "Options" tab, open "Preferences," and under General -> General, open the drop-down menu for the multimedia engine.  If the options you see are "mplayer," "mpv," and "other," then select mpv in place of mplayer.
Of course, for this to work you do need mpv installed ("sudo apt-get install mpv").


After the debugging session via comments to the original question, we found out what the issue is.

When using a self-signed certificate, the apache2 charm had a bug where it would generate such a certificate with only 30 days of validity.

What happened is that it expired. This was fixed in a newer version of the charm, so what we will do is upgrade to that and trigger a new certificate generation.

Please follow these steps to upgrade the charm and regenerate the certificate:

Run juju ssh apache2/0 'sudo rm -f /etc/ssl/certs/apache2.cert /etc/ssl/private/apache2.key /etc/ssl/certs/landscape_server_ca.crt'.
Run juju upgrade-charm apache2. This will upgrade the charm, and the new charm, once it sees there are no certificates (deleted in the first step), will generate a new pair.
Watch the output of juju debug-log until it quiets down.
Run juju ssh apache2/0 'sudo service apache2 restart' (I will file a bug about this step: it shouldn't be needed, but is right now)

Now we need to tell the clients about this new certificate. This is a bit trickier, because the clients are running in another juju environment which exists on the landscape/0 unit, inception-like. Follow these steps:

Grab the new certificate: juju scp apache2/0:/etc/ssl/certs/apache2.cert .
Make sure permissions are 0644: chmod 0644 apache2.cert
Verify it expires 10 years from now: openssl x509 -in apache2.cert -noout -enddate
Upload it to landscape/0: juju scp apache2.cert landscape/0:/tmp
Login on landscape/0: juju ssh landscape/0
Change the landscape user shell: sudo chsh -s /bin/bash landscape
Become landscape: sudo -u landscape -i
Point to the cloud juju environment: export JUJU_HOME=/var/lib/landscape/juju-homes/$(ls -1t /var/lib/landscape/juju-homes/|head -n 1)
Run this to confirm juju is working in that environment: juju status. You should see a lot of OpenStack services
Tell landscape-client about the new certificate: juju set landscape-client ssl-public-key="base64:$(cat /tmp/apache2.cert|base64)"
Watch the output of juju debug-log until it quiets down
Restart landscape-client everywhere: juju run --service landscape-client 'sudo service landscape-client restart'
If the above command fails with something about subordinate services not being supported, run this instead: juju run --all 'sudo service landscape-client restart'

You can login on a client and tail -f the broker.log file, see if the SSL error persists.


it's fine I figured this out another way.

remove linux-headers-4.18.x
remove all of xserver-xorg-hwe

reinstall xserver-xorg


You need the following line in your configuration:

rotate <count>

Replace <count> with the number of times you'd like the log to be rotated before it removes the oldest rotated log. So five times would be:

/path/to/my/logfile.log {
    su root root
    daily
    maxage 365000
    copytruncate
    dateext
    dateformat -%d.%m.%Y
    rotate 5
}

You can check your logrotate man page for more information.


MacBook Air and Ubuntu 12.04: Good Buy or Go for an Ultrabook?

After one year with 11.04/11.10 and now 12.10 on my MacBook Air, I'd recommend looking elsewhere.

Yes, the MacBook Air has wonderful hardware. But the hassle of Ubuntu behaving a little more strangely every time I'd download a firmware update through OSX has convinced me that my next machine will be a Lenovo X1, which has comparable hardware to the Air these days. The other, minor, hassle is that the Air still requires quite a few post-install tweaks before it's usable. Thankfully that's a one-time fix -- and it's been automated for some time.


Ubuntu 14.04 doesn' t boot after upgrade from 12.04 installed inside Windows 8.1

I did it. To solve this problem you must follow these steps:

When Windows lets you choose between Windows and Ubuntu choose Ubuntu
When the computer exits from the OS choosing screen restart your computer, and try to boot Ubuntu while holding the Shift key on your keyboard
Then there will appear a screen from Grub (boot loader for Ubuntu) and it will be almost empty. Press 'e' key on your keyboard (to load boot commands for Ubuntu)
After pressing 'e' key computer will display a set of commands that Grub use for booting Ubuntu
In those boot commands try to find the line that contains 'ro quiet splash' and change the 'ro' word to 'rw'. It should now read rw quiet splash.
Down at the bottom of the screen there is a key to press to boot (for me it was CRTL+X or F10), press that key and Grub will boot Ubuntu with your modified boot commands.

However the 'rw' word won't be saved and at the next boot it will be 'ro' again so you
need to edit the /etc/default/grub file were you will find same boot commands that Grub uses to boot Ubuntu.

Type sudo gedit /etc/default/grub in terminal. You need to use sudo to be able to edit the file, which otherwise will be read-only.
Find the line that looks like this:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Change it to this:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="rw quiet splash"

Now save the file and go back to terminal. Type sudo update-grub. Ubuntu will now generate a new /boot/grub/grub.cfg file for you. It is possible to edit this file directly, but editing /etc/default/grub and then generating grub.cfg is recommended. If you reboot your computer, you should find that it boots normally again.


Ubuntu works slowly. Nothing loads and reboot takes 10 minutes

From the comments and from your image:
Start with the process that is taking the longest. In this case, that process is systemd-suspend.service.
sudo systemctl mask systemd-suspend.service

If you need to re-enable it, then you just unmask it.
sudo systemctl unmask systemd-suspend.service

You can also try the following:
sudo systemctl disable ureadahead
sudo systemctl disable plymouth
sudo systemctl disable systemd.networkd.service

Those too may take some time off your boot and are relatively safe to disable.


Making Konsole to be login shell by default

The Konsole Handbook:

  Konsole doesn’t provide convenience for running login shell, because
  developers don’t like the idea of running login shell in a terminal
  emulator.

  Of course, users still can run login shell in Konsole if they really
  need to. Edit the profile in use and modify its command to the form of
  starting a login shell explicitly, such as "bash -l" and "zsh -l".


man pages - How to always show total lines and percentage in the bottom status / prompt line

Presumably, you are using less as the pager. You can not do what you want directly without recompiling less (at least i am not finding any such option) -- to read all the lines at first, get the end line number, and jump to the top with that info. But i think that would be clumsy and inefficient given the only prize is the total line number although YMMV.

Now, i am going to show you a hacky way, leveraging the LESS environment variable that less reads to get automatic option(s):

 LESS='+Gg' man <whatever>

For example:

LESS='+Gg' man bash

Inside less, G will go to end (without any line number), and g will jump to the top (without any line number). As there will done by less at first, it will have the idea of the total line numbers while coming back on top, and will show you that. Again this has the caveat of reading till the end once, and then coming back on top.


How to fix `sudo apt-get update` on Ubuntu 16.04?

You seem to have a lot of repositories that are non-functional or missing items for 16.04. You will need to remove or update these items to get rid of these errors.

Go to Settings (the gear icon) and choose Software & Updates. Click on the Other Software tab and remove the entries that are giving you the errors. It will ask for a password. Just enter your login password and once those entries are removed you will no longer get errors.


PowerShell "get-command *services*" equivalent with Terminal?

There is a bash builtin named compgen that can display all possible completions which means that you can see all the commands which are enabled for completions.

To see all commands runnable by you, you can do:

compgen -c

If you want to find all commands having e.g. bash in their names, you can do:

$ compgen -c | grep 'bash'
dh_bash-completion
bashbug
bash
rbash

Here are the list of options you can use with compgen:

alias       Alias names. Specified as -a.
builtin     Names of shell builtin commands. Specified as -b.
command     Command names. Specified as -c.
directory   Directory names. Specified as -d.
export      Names of exported shell variables. Specified as -e.
file        File names. Specified as -f.
function    Names of shell functions.
group       Group names. Specified as -g.
job         Job names, if job control is active. Specified as -j.
keyword     Shell reserved words. Specified as -k.
service     Service names. Specified as -s.
user        User names. Specified as -u.
variable    Names of all shell variables. Specified as -v.

compgen accepts more parameters through the -A option. Check compgen and complete entries from man bash to get more idea.


Bash script fails *only* from cron with “not a valid identifier”

According to POSIX, function names can contain only word characters ([a-zA-Z0-9_]) (source: part 1, part 2). Change the function name from default-log to default_log.

But, Bash is normally very lenient about function names, so I'm not sure why it's failing.


ssh with .pem file to amazon instance Permission denied (publickey)

Unless you provided a custom list of users upon creation, the default 'ubuntu' user should still exist, and the EC2 key was put on that user, as a typical configuration would get.

To make it work on other users, you need to take the lines from /home/ubuntu/.ssh/authorized_keys and put them into the file /home/$USER/.ssh/authorized_keys (where $USER is the username you are specifically trying to make work with that key).

Based on your comments, though, this isn't your EC2 instance, and you were just given the .pem without actual login instructions.  You need to reach out to the administrator (the person who set up the EC2 instance) and request login instructions, as well as instruct them to verify that the public key for the .pem is available in the .ssh/authorized_keys file in the home directory for the user they want you to login as.


Have you tried changing from server name (number0) to IP (192.168.1.65)?

It seems that at the mount time there is a problem in the name resolution.

For example change from:

number0:/projects /home/carl/number0/projects nfs rw 0 0

to

192.168.1.65:/projects /home/carl/number0/projects nfs rw 0 0


How to zip specific files that are located in subdirectories

You can use bash Pathname Expansion as follows:
zip run2.zip */Run2.csv

*/Run2.csv matches every file called Run2.csv in any subdirectory. If you have very many files that match the glob, this fails because of the shell’s ARG_MAX limit. To work around that, use:
printf '%s\0' */Run2.csv | xargs -0 zip run2.zip

This uses the builtin printf to build up a zero-delimited list of the matching files and pipes it to xargs, which calls zip as often as necessary. As add is zip’s default mode, it updates the archive adding the files to it.
If you need to dig further into an unknown or changing number of subdirectories, set bash’s globstar option with
shopt -s globstar

and use:
zip run2.zip **/Run2.csv  # or respectively
printf '%s\0' **/Run2.csv | xargs -0 zip run2.zip

**/Run2.csv matches every file called Run2.csv in any subdirectory recursively.
Further reading

man zip/PATTERN MATCHING
man bash/EXPANSION/Pathname Expansion
Bash Hackers Wiki: Pathname expansion (globbing)
TLDP Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide: Chapter 18.2. Globbing


How do I install ql570lpr-1.0.1-0.i386.deb using terminal?

"lpd" is not created on a vanilla Ubuntu and some Linux systems do. So start with

sudo mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/

The software is likely NOT intended for Ubuntu and depends on a "lpd" directory in "spool" and does not create it itself. That command will create all missing directories (the -p does that).

If the problem is the "ql570" you can also do a ...

sudo mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/ql570

... but I would assume that one will be created by the installer.

Then repeat the ...

sudo dpkg -i --force-all ql570lpr-1.0.1-0.i386.deb

and it will install.

Are you sure you need a "i386" (ie. a 32-bit version) though?


sudo add-apt-repository ppa:thefanclub/grive-tools
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grive-tools

After installation open Dash/menu and search for 'Grive Setup' or type sudo grive-setup in Terminal to configure Google Drive account for Grive.


Unable to install GIMP on Ubuntu 16.04, unmet dependency error

As I mentioned earlier, the problem is probably with your Xenial Updates repository. Try using another server until you get one that works for you. Cheers, Al


TP-Link UE300 on 16.04 server not working as 3.0 device

Mine is running at USB 3.0 SuperSpeed

[  115.388427] usb 2-1: new SuperSpeed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd
[  115.409336] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=2357, idProduct=0601
[  115.409343] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=6
[  115.409347] usb 2-1: Product: USB 10/100/1000 LAN
[  115.409350] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: TP-LINK
[  115.409353] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: 000000000000
[  115.411273] cdc_ether 2-1:2.0 eth0: register 'cdc_ether' at usb-0000:00:14.0-1, CDC Ethernet Device, xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
[  117.624653] cdc_ether 2-1:2.0 enxd46exxxxxxxx: renamed from eth0

This is on Debian Sid with kernel 4.11

But, I'm only getting about 30 to 40 Mbps Ethernet for some odd reason.


Possible to install ubuntu on a second hard drive while in windows?

Wubi installs Ubuntu "inside" Windows as if it were a program. It does not change the partitions on the hard disk, but instead creates a virtual filesystem that is a large file created on the Windows filesystem. You should (see here) be able to keep this large file on a separate hard disk volume besides C:\, as long as Windows can see it.

To remove Ubuntu, simply "uninstall" it with "Add or Remove Programs" in Windows.


You don't have to uninstall anything from windows to use a printer from Ubuntu.

How to install a printer in Ubuntu can depend upon the printer brand and model. Ubuntu comes with support for many (almost all?) printers without having to download anything or install anything else.

Having said that, some printer manufacturers may make available special driver for Ubuntu/Debian systems.

After you have connected the printer to your system, or to your network, the place to start is to go to the Gear icon at the top right of your screen and choose "Printers". Then you can use the "+" button to add your printer. Details will vary depending on how the printer is connected to your computer and whether you want to share it, for example.

As Jorge suggested above it would be helpful for us to know more about your printer. You can click edit under your question to add more details.


Web server for a static site on Ubuntu Minimal server 14.04. What to choose?

You can use Nginx (version 1.4.6 for Ubuntu 14.04), an event driven - asynchronous server.

Installation:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install nginx

Visit 127.0.0.1 to see the default page

Start/stop the service

sudo service nginx stop

sudo service nginx start

sudo service nginx restart

The server comes with the default site configuration which you can base yours.


Why does the sudo command not work in chroot?

In my opinion the question is more about not understanding what chroot does.

It moves the / to wherever you tell it, so there's no more /bin, /sbin, or /usr.

This means you're not going to have sudo anymore since it lives in one of those directories.


Please verify you are using the 7.10 radeon driver by issuing the following commands:

lshw -c video
modinfo radeon | more

If you see the following in the lshw/modinfo output, you are using the radeon driver:

Example of 1st lines of lshw:

 *-display
   description: VGA compatible controller
   product: RV516/M64-S [Mobility Radeon X2300] **or some other radeon card**
   vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
   physical id: 0
   bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
   version: 00
   width: 32 bits
   clock: 33MHz
   capabilities: vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
   configuration: driver=radeon latency=0

Example 1st lines of modinfo (kernel version may be different):

filename:       /lib/modules/4.13.0-26-generic/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon.ko
license:        GPL and additional rights
description:    ATI Radeon

Verify that you are using the radeon driver.

If so, verify the version of xserver-xorg-video-radeon-hwe-16.04 you are using.  Execute:

sudo apt list --installed | grep radeon-hwe

The following should be displayed:

xserver-xorg-video-radeon-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 1:7.10.0-0ubuntu1~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]

This is the 7.10 radeon driver.

If all of the above is true for your machine, then this issue has a workaround:

Download the 7.9 radeon driver Ubuntu package (xserver-xorg-video-radeon-hwe-16.04_7.9.0-0ubuntu1~16.04.1_amd64.deb) from:

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/xenial/amd64/xserver-xorg-video-radeon-hwe-16.04/1:7.9.0-0ubuntu1~16.04.1

Execute the following commands on the downloaded .deb file:

sudo dpkg -i xserver-xorg-video-radeon-hwe-16.04_7.9.0-0ubuntu1_16.04.1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-mark hold xserver-xorg-video-radeon-hwe-16.04

This downgrades the radeon driver package to version 7.9, fixes dependencies, and holds the driver pkg from further updates.

Upon reboot, issue should be resolved.

A bug has been reported to Freedesktop at:

https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=105217

The 7.9 radeon driver will need to stay held until the issue is fixed in:

xserver-xorg-video-radeon-hwe-16.04

I believe this issue to be a duplicate of:
Blank screen with only mouse pointer after 7.10 radeon driver update; display does not switch to tty7 upon lightdm start; Xorg.0.log quickly grows


How can I reinstall ubuntu focal 20.04 on encrypted system?

Based on the my personal experiments using the Ubuntu 20.04 installer, online research, and asking various forums (and lack of answers there), I conclude that as of today, there is no way to do all of the following:

Installing/reinstalling Ubuntu ...
using the installer GUI ...
on a pre-encrypted system (LUKS, with separate /home partition or not) without destroying pre-existing personal files...
with dual booting another OS.

Of course there are ways of doing this if you rely on the command line, which I was looking to avoid. I've decided to switch to Fedora 32 as it meets all these requirements. Ubuntu served me rather well for over a decade, hope to return when the above issue is fixed.

For those interested in my Fedora 32 setup:

Dual-boot setup with Windows 10.
Reuse (DO NOT FORMAT) /boot/efi partition from Windows 10 install
Create UNENCRYPTED /boot partition
Create/Reuse ENCRYPTED / partition
Create/Reuse ENCRYPTED /home partition
Provide Passphrase to unlock above encrypted partitions.
Post install, added RPMFusion repository and Gnome Tweaks extension

Thats the summary, its been a week and so far things have been great with Fedora 32. I've not really noticed much difference from Ubuntu for my needs (Email, Browsing, viewing photos/videos, music, skype, spreadsheets, documents).

Thanks!


95° C is normally the temperature at which the system will initate an emergency shutdown, so no, it is not normal.  It sounds like the service center broke something.


TLP install on 17.10 stuck with odd Mail Server Message

Ok, I figured it out: I needed to append the --no-install-recommends in apt-get.

Working now.


Try selecting the boot partition from the BIOS/UEFI menu if your motherboard supports this feature. You can usually do this after the POST beep by pressing F12. This should give you access to Ubuntu's TTY at the least so that you can properly install the NVIDIA drivers.


Installing NVIDIA/CUDA drivers on Ubuntu 16.04


Enter terminal Alt + Ctrl + F2.
Do update-grub.

Those steps will automatically update your grub if windows boot partition is not corrupt.


Partition error when reinstall ubuntu 18.04

The error is most likely about the EFI System Partion (ESP). The installer should normally take care of all that for you if you let it automatically partition the disk. I would recommend to wipe out the partition table and let the installer do its job. E.g., disconnect the windows drive so you don't lose it, then wipefs -a /dev/sda.


How do I get the power manager settings to stick in Lubuntu 12.10

I found the XScreenSaver settings to work well. Under the Advanced tab of the application I adjusted the 'display power management' to the time out I wanted. Works just as I want.


I did fix my problems with this AGP video card by changing a setting in bios: plug & play OS ENABLED. With this setting enabled (might have a different name in other CPU) the BIOS will allow the OS to configure the devices on the fly. It means now Xubuntu can configure correctly the video card when booting, otherwise, it's like "he think" been configured, but no!

This problem didn't happens when installing Windows XP, all other as Windows 7, 8, 10, Linux distributions will have problems and maybe not even start.


Window positions messed up after docking

I'd suggest using the tweak tool, to fine tune and manage the workspace and window behavior

For 16.04 specifically:

Ubuntu unity-tweak-tool package
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/xenial/+source/unity-tweak-tool

As Jacob Vlijin noted in the comments above, There is a related question and solution for Saving and restoring window positions here:

Saving and restoring window positions

In Xubuntu 17.04 the 'Window Manager Tweaks' is the new interface.


Automatically suspend if no one is logged in for 30 minutes

What you need to do is set up your power management preferences for the gdm user. To do this from the command line use this command to make the preferences window show up when you log out or switch user:

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/gnome-power-preferences.desktop /usr/share/gdm/autostart/LoginWindow/

Now log out, restart or switch user and you should get the power management preferences window. (I did, I just tested this)

Once you've set up your preferences how you like them, log back in and remove the auto start desktop file:

sudo rm /usr/share/gdm/autostart/LoginWindow/gnome-power-preferences.desktop

Seeing as your managing a lab, you will want to know how to duplicate these settings for all the comptuers on your network without busting a sweat all day. Simply sync the /var/lib/gdm/.gconf directory to your other computers (I have automated scripts to do this on my network, you might too)

You can run this trick with a bunch of different configuration apps, look at what's auto starting, in the directory above, to see what kind of services are available. It is possible to change the theme and wallpaper this way too, but you can use gdm2setup, a third party app to do some of that.


What "wired connection" settings do I need to access my access point's setup page?

Your results show that your Netmask is set to 255.255.255.0 and your IP address is 192.168.1.100

This means that you computer will talk directly to devices with IP address 192.168.0.x where x is 0 to 254

Your settings are being set up via DHCP and that DHCP server is probably in the device located at 192.168.1.1

Are you sure the address you want is 192.168.2.1 and not 192.168.1.1?  If you are then you can temporarily change the Netmask with this command

sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.0.0

and you should be able to connect.  Source here

This change will only last until you reboot at which point it will take the settings from /etc/network/interfaces again.

If you want to make this permanent then edit /etc/network/interfaces to set static IP, Netmask and default gateway. As described in the link given.

If you do decide to set a static address make sure your DHCP server is set so the static addresses and dynamically assigned ones do not overlap.

On my home network I have

IP 192.168.0.1 - My router (Static IP)
IP 192.168.0.2   to 192.168.0.199 - DHCP Assigned: Computers, PS3, Smart phones, etc.
IP 192.168.0.200 to 192.168.0.254 - Statc Assigned: Printers and NAS


Ubuntu 17.10 - Mouse not showing in xinput

I have a mouse that occasionally stops working after suspend.  Here's what I've found so far:

lsusb shows it, xinput doesn't.

The mouse works fine.  ll /dev/input/by-id followed by od < /dev/input/mouseN where N is from the output of the ll and moving the mouse in question generated od output.

Looking at /var/log/Xorg.0.log, I found:
[247871.760] (EE) Too many input devices. Ignoring PixArt Gaming Mouse

so that would be the culprit.  I don't know what the limit is, but I do have a USB camera and an external microphone also on the hub (attached to my monitor).
And reordering the plugs in the hub just fixed it.  I don't know if it's coincidental or it is a real workaround; I'll try to add or edit this if/when there's new info.  I'd imagine that X should allow a longer list of input devices, but if this is a real workaround, it's tolerable.
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1564894 appears to be the issue tracking this.
Apparently it has to do with too many entries in /sys/class/input that are dangling, rather than real devices, but unfortunately one cannot remove the entries from userspace.  Just have to wait for the 4.18 kernel, I guess.


I meant to post this as comment but I don;t have privileges for that.

resolv.conf must have at least 1 non-local entry for packet routing. Click on the network indicator in the system tray, then click Edit Connections->[Choose your connection (wired or wifi)]-> Edit -> IPv4 settings.

Make sure that the "Method" dropdown shows exactly this value "Automatic". If you set your own DNS servers manually, make sure that the values that you see are identical on both your computers. If you make any changes, save your connection, disconnect and reconnect again to generate a new resolv.conf.


17.10 Wrong resolution in grub & boot loading screen & login screen

Combinding some answers and comments primarily from this question and most of the following answer is from artfulrobot's answer

1) Turn on

2) At the grub menu press c to get the grub command line

3) Type videoinfo
  This lists all the modes - it is the <width>x<height> you need to make note of. Only modes listed here will work and may not include your desired resolution.

4) Optionally, there is a videotest command which you can use to test a given resolution, e.g. videotest 1280x1024.  However, while this test worked for me, I could not then get back to the grub menu!  So that's not quite as useful (unless anyone can explain how to escape the test.)

5) Run the normal command to return to the normal grub menu.

6) Boot up fully and in a terminal run sudo nano /etc/default/grub. So un-comment and set the following lines to your desired mode. You may also need to add nomodeset.

GRUB_GFXMODE=1280x1024
GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD="keep"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="nomodeset"

6) Run update-grub and reboot.


This is a system function installed from the fish-common package in /usr/share/functions/ls.fish.

I can see three options for disabling the system function:

Delete /usr/share/functions/ls.fish.  (Not recommended.)  It will probably be recreated whenever the fish-common package is updated.
Disable it once by running functions --erase ls.  Disable it automatically when your shell is initialized by adding that to your ~/.config/fish/config.fish file.  (--erase can be abbreviated -e.)
Override it locally, by creating your own function of the same name.  Just type in a new function with the same name and your own preferences.  The funcsave command afterward saves the function in ~/.config/fish/functions/ls.fish.  (Note this example changes the description string and the parameter added in the if block):

user@host ~> function ls --description 'List directory (local override)'
                set -l param --color=auto
                if isatty 1
                    set param $param --quoting-style=literal
                end
                command ls $param $argv
             end

user@host ~> funcsave ls

I'm fairly new to fish, so there may be other ways to do what you want.


'ReferenceError: contents is not defined' with U1db

Your problem is not with U1DB, but with the OptionSelector.  Let's consider a simpler example:

import QtQuick 2.0
import Ubuntu.Components 1.0

MainView {
    OptionSelector {
        model: ListModel {
            ListElement { name: "Item 1" }
            ListElement { name: "Item 2" }
        }
        delegate: OptionSelectorDelegate {
            text: i18n.tr(name)
        }
        onSelectedIndexChanged: {
            console.log(name)
        }
    }
}

When the index is changed, we get the error, "ReferenceError: name is not defined".  And why would we expect it to be defined?  We've defined no variable named "name", and the OptionSelector doesn't have a "name" property.

Why can we reference "name" in the delegate?  A new object is created from the delegate for each element in the model.  This object gets the properties from that list element, and our list elements contain a "name" property.  Similarly, in your example, the U1db.Query produced list elements with a "contents" property, which evidently was an object with a "name" property.

If we want to reference those properties outside of the delegate, we need to reach into the model and extract them:

            console.log(model.get(selectedIndex).name)

In your case, the model is a U1db.Query, not a ListModel, so it doesn't have a get() method.  It does have a results list that I presume you can index, but I don't know enough about U1db to say more.  Hopefully this is enough to get you on the right path.


Unit -.mount mount does not exist, proceeding anyway

Searching online for that error, it appears to be experienced by many, and is a known bug. I also had had the same issue with the libraries, and I followed the very same ManualFullSystemEncryption guide a few days ago.

More on all of this here 18.04: 'Command 'gparted' not found... gparted is already the newest version'


Unit of power in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpuidle/state0/power

IIRC, these values are taken from tables supplied by your BIOS, so it seems your motherboard vendor didn't bother filling in the correct information.


How can I boot into recovery mode if it hangs booting single user?

After a lot of Googling the different terms, I found a post that may solve your problem also.

For me that was a bug for Ubuntu 11.10. Take a look at this post for solution.
And to repeat the solution here:

Hit Ctrl+Alt+F1 at the blank screen to get you to a non-X terminal (tty1)
Login in with your username and password
Change to root with: sudo -i and enter your password
mkdir -p /run /run/lock
rm -rf /var/run /var/lock
ln -s /run /var
ln -s /run/lock /var
Reboot


GIMP: TIFF save cannot handle indexed images with alpha channel

If this doesn't work:

menu ⇒ image ⇒ fit canvas to layers

then try:

menu ⇒ image ⇒ flatten image


How to install eclipse c++ In Ubuntu 18.04

Go to eclipse official website, search for "Download packages" link somewhere and then download "Eclipse IDE for C/C++ Developers". It'll be an archive, probably a *.tar.gz. Extract that archive, launch eclipse from the directory.

I haven't seen anyone regularly packaging Eclipse into deb packages for apt-get. So downloading from the site has become the easiest option. Adding the fact that Eclipse is like a mini-OS with its own built-in package manager I rely on the official site to assemble the correct configuration for the task (the C++ development in this case).


Assuming that you are running an up-to-date Ubuntu and you are already root, as you mentioned, the command is:

service mysql stop

or

/etc/init.d/mysql stop

Because of your installation, you should try this:

sudo -u mysql /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld stop


Getting No Such File in Directory running wget script

Stop!  Hold your horses!

You've installed a VM tu run one single command?  Windows is a fully compliant POSIX OS (meaning: it's "kind of compatible" with Unix) and you don't need a VM for that!

Your problem is the https:// and using --no-certificate is not going to cut it if that server needs log-in information!  So the URL OMITTED is actually needed to help you find a satisfying solution, as the wget manual clearly states.

So you need to give more information or figure out yourself if the server needs certificates / keys / login information, ... to define the additional wget parameters you need to get the ssl/tls/... up and running so that wget can do its job...

(And you can make it fully work under Windows too, no Unix VM needed)


How to get the value of an exported variable in the console

To get the value of VARIABLE you can use

echo $VARIABLE

The quotes don't survive though

$ COMP_WORDS="you said what?"
$ echo $COMP_WORDS
you said what?

Unless you quote them...

$ quote='"2b || !2b"'
$ echo $quote
"2b || !2b"

It makes no difference whether you set the variable yourself or not


How to remove “Apps Available for Download” from Dash?

No, I haven't found a way to remove them in oneiric. It's one of the few things that really annoys me. It would be nice to display those if you search for an application that isn't installed, but we should not have advertisements in the dash -- at least not by default.


All partitions disappeared after a power outage

Boot to windows, scan your hard drives with the windows disk scan utility.
Restart, to windows again.
Shut down, power off the machine, remove the plug from the power socket. (basically recommended, but not required)
Boot in ubuntu and enjoy!

If problems persist, please check the disk using ubuntu's "disk utility", see if there is a problem reported with SMART monitor.


You can check for battery consumption with powertop

sudo apt-get install powertop

If the card was still active, it would be among the first entries consuming the most power.

powertop has some more usefull hints, where you can save battery time


How do you set up an Ubuntu server that is "encrypted at rest"?

Sorry but I cant understand what you mean with "encrypted at rest"

if you want to encrypt parts of the system i would recomend lukscrypt and lvm.

http://www.debuntu.org/how-to-encrypted-partitions-over-lvm-with-luks

you will need to have installed LVM when you install the server
I would just but the database and the files which you need to keep encrypted on a logical volume in LVM and require manual opening the encrypted partition after each reboot


How to avoid paste of multiline text on ubuntu command line?

Bracketed paste may be what you need. Assuming you are running a terminal that supports it (e.g., xterm, putty, gnome-terminal), and assuming you are running the bash shell, all you have to do is execute this command in each terminal:

set enable-bracketed-paste

You can even put this command at the end of your .bashrc. From that moment on, any stuff you paste into the shell will not be immediately executed, even if it contains newlines. However, if you paste one or more lines and then hit 'enter' manually, all of the lines will be executed - so if you pasted something by mistake and don't want it executed, you must hit 'Ctrl-C' instead of 'enter'.

Caveat 1: bracketed paste will also be enabled for any programs you run in the shell. Many programs don't understand it. So if you run cat and then paste the word hello, you will see ^[[200~hello^[[201~ instead. This may not be what you want.

Caveat 2: some programs, such as vi or emacs -nw, will disable bracketed paste after they finish running, even if it was turned on before they ran. You could work around this by enabling bracketed-paste with every prompt. One way to do this would be to redefine $PS1 to include the escape sequence $'\e[?2004h'. This may be a bit esoteric.


Copy the .ttf file and paste it inside ~/.fonts folder, ie /home/username/.fonts folder. Create one if you dont already have one.

Now run

sudo fc-cache -fv

from a terminal. You should now be able to see the new fonts in your editor/application. (editor/application might need a restart)


Microphone is not working after new RAM is inserted

If removing the RAM stick that you just installed fixes it, then that could mean the RAM is bad and you'd have to run memtest86+ http://memtest.org/ or something like that to verify. (This is unlikely, but possible)

If it's still not working after removing the second RAM stick, then you may want to test the microphone on other PCs with the same and different Operating Systems if possible to make sure the mic didn't just happen to die right when you installed your new RAM. (Also unlikely, but also possible)

Hope one of these helps with your issue.


GTK+ update appears to have messed up my application fonts

Result! ... Well, sort of.

I backed up and then cleared ~/.gtkrc-2.0 and all fonts and menus now look pretty decent apart from some Netbeans menus. For example although the Team menu looks nice

The profile menu next to it looks awful. The problem appears to be the grayed out menus

BTW here's my old ~/.gtkrc-2.0. The new one is currently blank.

include "/usr/share/themes/Breeze/gtk-2.0/gtkrc"
style "user-font"
{
    font_name="Noto Sans Regular"
}
widget_class "*" style "user-font"
gtk-font-name="Noto Sans Regular 10"
gtk-theme-name="Breeze"
gtk-icon-theme-name="breeze"
gtk-fallback-icon-theme="gnome"
gtk-toolbar-style=GTK_TOOLBAR_ICONS
gtk-menu-images=1
gtk-button-images=1


eliminate user name prompt on login screen

You can set autologin if you are the only user by editing the configuration file of your default display manager - lxdm, sddm, gdm3, etc. In the file lxdm.conf or sddm.conf edit autologin user=your user name. This way you will not be asked for either the password or the user name at login.


How do you bulk move files into folders corresponding to the name of each file?

"" should be "$1". That argument of mv should be the file to be moved, and obviously it can't be left empty.


Installing Ubuntu on one drive and access files on the 2nd drive

Yes you can, since Ubuntu easily accesses NTFS.
You can go ahead and install Ubuntu on C: partition and then you can set Ubuntu to automatically mount D: partition on boot. Just follow this post:
How to automount NTFS partitions?


If you're going to ssh into the server, you don't need to have anyone logged into the computer, you just need to install an ssh server.

I don't understand why you need an auto login, but if that's really what you need, this is an excellent guide.

http://littlesvr.ca/linux-stuff/articles/autologinconsole/autologinconsole.php

All it requires is for you to modify a few configuration files.

If it what you want is to not enter a password everytime you ssh into the server, then this explains how to do so:

http://www.linuxproblem.org/art_9.html


Black screen after GRUB selection, boot from USB live

TL;DR  - Add "acpi=off" to kernel command line.
The nomodeset option is used for a "safe graphics" install, but maybe your issue isn't related to graphics.
In the past, I have had success in this situation by trial and error with the following:

modify kernel cmdline settings, press 'e' at the GRUB menu, and
replace "quiet splash" (as you have done) with "noacpi acpi=off".
update BIOS/UEFI firmware.
change various BIOS settings related to power management and other
devices.
disable eveything in the BIOS that is not required.
change various settings related to security/hard drive
plug in an external monitor.
try a different flash drive, even though you mention that the drive
works fine on a different PC.
Try a newer version of Ubuntu - I'm assuming that you're using 18.04 - 19.04 is awesome too.
use a usb-serial adaptor to output console to a serial console.

Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS uses kernel version 5.0, so you can find the full list of kernel cmdline parameters here (search for X86, or options that start with 'no' or 'dis'):

https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.0/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html

From above link, other options that might help: nosmep nosmap nosmt nolapic nopcid noapic nolapic nomodeset dis_ucode_ldr pci=nobios pci=noacpi
If you are successful, please post what works for you. Booting on the latest hardware has always been a battle with Linux because manufacturers are balls. At least you usually don't have to compile your own kernel these days.


Installed Ubuntu and can't connect to WIFI

Here's how to connect to the wifi:
Go to System Settings, and go to the Network tab. Select "Wireless Connection" from the left panel. Then, from the drop-down, select the network you want to connect to. It should prompt for a password (if there is one). Enter the password, and it should pop up a little notification saying something like "connected to network 54mbps" or something like that. If you don't get the notification, then there must be a problem either with your wifi card in your computer, or with your router. I would recommend restarting your router, and trying to connect again. If that doesn't work, then restart your computer. If none of that works, then it gets very complicated from there.

Hope this helps!
--Michael


so in that link

click on the Driver and download the zip file

then open a terminal; copy each command below; paste each line into the terminal and hit the ENTER key after each paste; (paste into the terminal is 3 keys held down: control and alt and v)

cd Downloads

unzip GE42BW4PPDLinux_MU.zip

cd GE42BW4PPDLinux_/English/CUPS1.2

sudo cp 42BW-4opn.ppd  42BW-4UX.ppd /usr/share/ppd

hopefully that will work;

then go to the PRINTERS folder;

click the ADD button to add the 363 to the register;

look for the button that says "Specify PPD file" then when the system asks you where it is,

.. point it to /usr/share/ppd and see if it works with 42BW-4UX.ppd


Change the window title text color to match the theme

You are looking at wrong place.

Window titles are not drawn by GTK, it is drawn by Metacity in Gnome Shell (by Compiz in Unity, etc...)

I haven't tried but the right file is placed under metacity folder in a theme's main folder. The name is metacity-theme.xml (or something like that)

And the code block that will be changed :

<draw_ops name="draw_title_text_normal">
    <title color="#333" x="10" y="(((height - title_height) / 2) `max` 0)+1"/>
    <title color="#333" x="10" y="(((height - title_height) / 2) `max` 0)-1"/>
    <title color="#333" x="9" y="(((height - title_height) / 2) `max` 0)"/>
    <title color="#333" x="11" y="(((height - title_height) / 2) `max` 0)"/>
    <title color="#dfdbd2" x="10" y="(((height - title_height) / 2) `max` 0)"/>
</draw_ops>

<draw_ops name="draw_title_text_unfocused">
    <title color="#333" x="10" y="(((height - title_height) / 2) `max` 0)+1"/>
    <title color="#333" x="10" y="(((height - title_height) / 2) `max` 0)-1"/>
    <title color="#333" x="9" y="(((height - title_height) / 2) `max` 0)"/>
    <title color="#333" x="11" y="(((height - title_height) / 2) `max` 0)"/>
    <title color="#807d78" x="10" y="(((height - title_height) / 2) `max` 0)"/>
</draw_ops>


Copy paste option is disabled in ubuntu 20.10

you probably need to set permission or re-mount the drive with read/write permissions, you should try cp command from terminal it will give you more clear reasons
usage:
cp current_location_of_file new_location_of_file
cp /home/juni/myFile /home/junaid/
and i don't think this could be your reinstallation issue,


Ubuntu Screen Brightness setting not affect in Acer Aspire4750G

Brightness control doesn't seem to work on a Toshiba Satellite M115 laptop

Have you tried the suggestions in this link. I have tried them and i managed to change my screen brightness through settings.


Actually you can move to CLI based login with CTRL+ALT+F1. Then it will r3edirected to CLI based login page where you can login with your username and password.


How do I get full-screen to maximize on just one window in a multi-monitor setup?

I've been upgrading my 32bit Ubuntu ever since Lucid Lynx, was running 32bit Precise just fine. Now decided to switch to 64bit and performed a clean 64bit Precise install. After that, I'm experiencing the exact same issue. I have managed to get all the applications to max just fine by unticking all the options in the "Multiple Monitor" part of the display settings, rebooting and reticking them. However, the flash issue still remains.


It tests whether the file "/etc/debian_version" exists and is a regular file.