Can I install 32-bit Ubuntu alongside OS X 10.7/10.8 in MacBook Pro?

You are not stating if you are referring to a 13" or a 15" MBP

The answer is yes you can and its quite easy to get it working if its a 13" MBP

I would install refit in OSX prior to installing Ubuntu.

Since booting OSX grub from grub never worked for me and this worked out of the box.
I have never bothered to find out why it fails.

if you have a 15" MBP we would need more details to tell you if /how easy Ubuntu is to get working with it. Like exact version , and what graphic cards it has.

The 15" models are more bothersome because of the non stadard dual graphics setup.


I found out that the option of curl that should be used is socks5 instead of proxy.
So this works like a charm:

curl -v --max-time 10 --socks5 127.0.0.1:7070 http://www.google.ca

But I am still waiting for other feedback.

thanks


How do I modify existing themes in 12.04?

Just go to /usr/share/themes and you will find the theme files.

For instance if you want to edit the Ambiance theme then get into the Ambiance theme folder and you'll find all the CSS and settings files, its really very basic it all consisits of CSS styles and color codes with some images.


Can't find syncthing-gtk in Ubuntu 20.10

Yeah, it seems dropped even from last release of Debian.

https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?suite=all&section=all&arch=any&keywords=syncthing-gtk&searchon=names
https://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=syncthing-gtk&searchon=names&suite=all&section=all

No guarantee, but you may give a try to:

Old .deb package from Focal 20.04.
.AppImage package from upstream project.


When installing Xubuntu during the installation my internal SSD is not showing up

I wouldn't replace Windows 10 with Ubuntu, I'd recommend setting up a dual-boot configuration. This way if you need to do BIOS updates, or run Windows apps that have no Ubuntu counterpart, you'll still be able to.
The reason the Ubuntu installer can't see the SSD can be for a couple of reasons.

The disk is setup as a pseudo-RAID by the manufacturer

This would require a reformat to solve

Windows has a hibernation file which won't allow mounting in the Ubuntu installer

This can be solved by:

In Windows:

open the Power control panel
choose change what power buttons do
choose change options that are unavailable
uncheck fast startup
close Power control panel
open an administrative command prompt window
disable hibernation: run powercfg /h off
run chkdsk /f c: and approve to run at reboot
close administrative command prompt window
reboot Windows to allow chkdsk to test/repair your C: drive
reboot to the Ubuntu Live DVD/USB and retry installation.


So after a lot of Google, trial and error and the help of others on this forum I was able to get all four monitors working relatively reliably. First off this question was amazingly helpful

But it didn't quite get me all the way there. Instead of updating to nvidia-364 like the other question says I updated to nvidia-367 and rebooted.

After reboot all monitors were on but they were still not right. But I was then able to use xrandr to reposition the monitors in the correct place. The man page for xrandr is pretty good if you need help there.

Finally what I learned in the process: gnome3 seems to not handle the multi-monitor setup well at all. It would work until login and then fail nearly everytime and start to misbehave. Even after updating to latest drivers. Additionally, Xubuntu handled the multi-head setup reasonably well right out of the box. Its just not my favorite distro. Lastly, Ubuntu MATE seems to have been the easiest in terms of start to finish getting setup.


Efficiency problems with monitor connected to laptop

The standard Ubuntu NVidia drivers generate some problems on slightly older and slightly newer NVidia hardware.

If you want more then the standard Ubuntu repository drivers, install the xorg.edgers PPA.  As the xorg.edgers group ask not to give installation instructions directly without linking to their page, this is the best I can do for now...

If you don't know what a PPA is or need some guidance about rolling forward and backward of driver versions after reading their page, leave a comment below.


Linux Format magazine is bundled with disks containing software, but maybe Linux Format's Ubuntu .iso is not the official Ubuntu 19.10 .iso file which is available from the Ubuntu website. The MD5 calculation gives a checksum (called a hash value), which must equal the MD5 value of a correct ISO. The program md5sum is designed to verify data integrity using the MD5 (Message-Digest algorithm 5) 128-bit cryptographic hash. MD5 hashes used properly can confirm both file integrity and authenticity. Compare the hash (the alphanumeric string on left) that your machine calculated with the corresponding hash on the UbuntuHashes page.

It doesn't take very long to download an Ubuntu .iso file if you have a fast internet connection. I don't download the Ubuntu .iso file in a web browser. I download it from the terminal with wget using the -c option of wget to automatically resume the download if it is interrupted from the same place that it was interrupted until the download is finished.

-c
--continue
    Continue getting a partially-downloaded file. This is useful when
    you want to finish up a download started by a previous instance of
    wget or by another program.


Default Installation Path for Chromium Web Browser in Ubuntu 16.04?

You can type:

which chromium-browser

in a terminal to find out.

Mine is in /usr/bin/chromium-browser and yours probably is too.


What you want to do will not work as:

for the Shift and Ctrl: You cannot bind mouse-down and mouse-up events to key-press and key-up events only to keys...
for the PgDn: Mouse buttons don't have a repeat function: only mouse-down and mouse-up (no "mouse-repeat")

Sorry to be the harbinger of bad news (but at least, you will not be losing any more time with it...)


The UEFI Ubuntu USB images also use GRUB. Simply press e during the bootup menu to fix the problem.


I can't connect to VPN, NetworkManager says "(nm-tray): Connection lost no longer connected to vpn" on Lubuntu 20.04

There's an open ticket for Lubuntu 20.04 discussing this very situation for nm-tray, but from the guide it's clear that nm-tray does not support password asking.
I solved switching from nm-tray to nm-applet in Autostart.
Go to Start -> Preferences -> LXQt Settings -> Session Settings -> Autostart. Deselect nm-tray and select Network (that refers to nm-applet). Restart or log-out for the changes to take place. In the taskbar, right-clicking on the Wifi symbol lets you create a new Openconnect connection that asks for your credentials.


Have you checked UEFI matter?
If BIOS boots in EFI mode, you may need to sure that Ubuntu install process takes it in account.

ubuntuforums.org may be a better site to solve this issue.


How do I install Grub on what I believe is a RAID setup?

If you're only intending to use one partition, you can try removing the existing raid setup, and reinitializing it through Ubuntu.  I have a lot of trouble with my "fake raid" in Ubuntu as well.

Did you set your Raid up through the BIOS?  I would try removing that, and letting the Ubuntu installer set up it's own raid partition.

Note:  The installer can set up some good fake raids that automount at boot and all that fun stuff, but from my experience, other OS don't detect the raid, ie. Windows dual boot wouldn't detect the RAID partition, just the two hard drives.


k3b is a good tool to burn a CD/DVD

I have had good luck with k3B. It works well for the different ways there are to burn a CD/DVD disk,

make a data DVD with files, that you are asking for
burn an iso file to a boot CD/DVD
create an audio CD or video DVD.

You can install k3b from the repositories. It will bring some program packages, that it needs.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install k3b

If there are still difficulties, maybe you have a hardware problem with the DVD drive.


MATE 17.10 -- any way to get window shade (roll up) on the window menu

You can try to set new window-bar button layout on your Ubuntu MATE

gsettings set org.mate.Marco.general button-layout \
'menu,shade:minimize,maximize,close'

to get window rolled/unrolled (Roll Up / Roll Down) by mouse

but here exists problem - not all themes support this functionality - at least BlackMATE, GreenLaguna support it (try from System->Preferences->Look and Feel->Appearance or mate-appearance-properties).

Other layout is supported by them too as

gsettings set org.mate.Marco.general button-layout \
'menu:shade,minimize,maximize,close'

You can set keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+S to change window state:

gsettings set org.mate.Marco.window-keybindings toggle-shaded '<Ctrl><Alt>s'

Shortcut works even if theme does not show buttons.

Moreover if you want to set shade/unshade on mouse middle-click you do this with:

gsettings set org.mate.Marco.general action-middle-click-titlebar 'toggle_shade'

From  System->Preferences->Look and Feel->Windows (mate-window-properties) on Behaviour tab you can set Titlebar Action on double-click on it (Double-click titlebar to perform this action) to Roll up instead of default Maximize.

I hope that finding and downloading themes is not a problem.  Two are in the repository - Numix (numix-gtk-theme package) and Numix Blue (numix-blue-gtk-theme package).

I tested this on 16.04 LTS, 17.10 (now EOL), 18.04 LTS and 19.04 with Marco and Compiz window managers.


live CD/pen drive boot option to go to TTY1 instead of Unity?

Do u mean loading the Lightdm ?

well while booting u can press CTRL + ALT + F1

and type in sudo lightdm stop

and then install the nvidia drivers!


Google Nexus 5 not syncing with my ubuntu 14.04 after last Android update 6.0

If you haven't seen the links posted by @muru yet, basically:

Plug your Nexus 5 into the PC
Unlock the phone
Open the notifications shade, then tap on "USB for Charging" (this doesn't show up in the status bar as it's a low priority notification).
Tap on "Transfer files (MTP)".
Check the file manager sidebar on your PC. It should come up with "Nexus 5" (or whatever your device is called) if it mounts normally.

If this doesn't work, try using the other options, like PTP or MIDI. If none of those is being picked up by the PC, try another cable. If that still doesn't work, there might be a problem with the computer. In that event, test it on a another computer, then post your findings here.
Hopefully it shouldn't go that far though, especially since you've had the problem since the 6.0 update.


Gparted made windows 8 unbootable and unrepairable?

If you've exhausted all Windows recovery methods available with a startup disk, then it may be that your only choice is to reinstall, but it is possible that all your data is still there, so reinstall windows on the same partition And all uncorrupted data will be in the C:\windows.old folder. In my case, I still had everything, nothing was corrupted.


The intel-microcode package (which contains the microcode update data) will refresh the initramfs by itself when it is updated.  You don't have to do anything.

You will get the new microcode automatically the next time you reboot, as the microcode updated is (nowadays) only applied during boot, for several technical reasons.


What plugin do I need to install for Firefox to show the content of these websites?

You need to install icedtea-7-plugin this is not installed by default

Run this command to install the plugin

sudo apt-get install icedtea-7-plugin

then you should be able to run Java on the website. refresh the page to apply changes

Now it will block Java from running in the web page which is good. all you need to do to enable Java on that page is click on the Active icedtea-web.

And it works Java my warn you multiple times saying its unsafe but if you trust the web site go head.

Hope this helps.


To test to see if there is actually a password for root in /etc/shadow, type:

su

Enter the root password.  If the password is accepted, type:

whoami

The command should return with root.

If this works but ssh does not, then your issue is most likely in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file.  I don't see anything obviously wrong in the snippet you posted although I would comment out the AllowUsers line (which is only there to increase security and being hacked does not seem to worry you).

Please note that it an EXTREMELY bad idea to allow root logins via ssh!  You are pretty much asking to be hacked into.

Some distros (like Ubuntu) disable root logins and require that admin operations be done using sudo.  There are, of course, ways around this and you seem to be trying to defeat Ubuntu's security model.  Certainly your choice to do so.  However, the Ubuntu Team may have made other changes that disallow root logins elsewhere.


Boot your computer using a Linux disc or a flash drive. Once booted, you can access the data and create backup. Increase the size of your primary partition. If you have an explicit swap  partition, edit it and increase its size. Reinstall the latest version of Ubuntu.


cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep MHz (or grep MHz /proc/cpuinfo) will only show you the standard clock speeds.

If you want live CPU frequency settings, you need something a little beefier. I know powertop works but for a something convenient all the time, indicator-cpu could be worth it:

sudo apt-get install indicator-cpufreq
indicator-cpufreq

You'll need to add indicator-cpufreq to the things to run at start-up, or you'll have to run it manually each login.


The official website of Mozart suggests installing the package mozart, mozart-doc and mozart-stdlib from the Ubuntu Software Center. But here is the whole enchilada.
As per Ubuntu wiki:

Installing Mozart 1.4.0

Installation Instructions for Ubuntu 64-bit

The official website of Mozart suggests installing the package mozart, mozart-doc and mozart-stdlib from the Ubuntu Software Center. Don't do that if you're running a 64-bit version of Ubuntu. These packages are broken for this architecture.

Instead, follow the instructions below

Install the "ia32-libs" package, the 32-bit "libx11-6" package (i.e. "libx11-6:i386"), the 32-bit "libgmp10" package (i.e. "libgmp10:i386") and GNU/Emacs.
Download this deb file.
Open your file manager (i.e. Nautilus) and double click on the downloaded file. It will open it with the Ubuntu Software Center. If it does not, right click on the file and choose "Open With Other Application..." and then select the Ubuntu Software Center.
The Ubuntu Software Center will say "Only install this file if you trust the origin.", this is normal. Click the Install button, authenticate as asked and wait for the installation to proceed. If it complains about dependency problem, check that you have correctly done the point 1. of the section Installation Instructions for Ubuntu 64-bit of this wiki.

To install the remaining part of the Mozart standard library, install the mozart-stdlib package. You can also get the doc by installing the mozart-doc package.

Installation Instructions for Ubuntu 32-bit

Warning: if you are using a 64-bit version of Ubuntu, see the appropriate section above !

As suggested by the official website of Mozart, simply install the mozart package and the mozart-stdlib package. You can also get the doc by installing the mozart-doc package.

Troubleshooting

Graphics Engine (tk.exe) crashed or could not be started

If you get the following error message

Graphics Engine (tk.exe) crashed or could not be started

when launching Mozart. That's maybe because you are missing one of the three 32-bit packages you had to install. So check you have installed the "ia32-libs" package, the 32-bit libx11-6 package (i.e. libx11-6:i386) and 32-bit libgmp10 package (i.e. libgmp10:i386).

However, even if you do that, you may still end up with the same problem. If you go to: /usr/lib/mozart/platform/unknown-unknown$ and type: linux32 ./tk.exe and you get something like

./tk.exe: error while loading shared libraries: libtk8.4.so.0: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS64

That means tk.exe is still finding the wrong arch library. I managed to fix it by making a symbolic link in /usr/lib/mozart/platform/unknown-unknown/lib to the libraries installed by this package in /usr/lib32. Hope this helps, it worked for me.

Could not link module

If you get an error like the following

%********************** Error: module manager *******************
%**
%** Could not link module
%**
%** Could not load functor at URL: x-oz://system/wp/QTk.ozf
%**--------------------------------------------------------------

you are likelly to be missing some part of the Mozart standard library. Make sure you have installed the "mozart-stdlib" package as recommended above.


Rhythmbox cuts radio playback then raises Python error

There's a workaround described here:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/rhythmbox/+bug/1043039

"A workaround for this issue is to right-click the radio station, select properties, copy its URL, and then paste it back into a browser, download the playlist file, open it using a text editor, tweak it if desired, then open it using Rhythmbox -- a new radio station will appear, working this time."


Why is there /etc and ~/.config? Why is the global config called "etc" yet the user's config stuff is called ".config"?

Just review definition of each files:

The /etc hierarchy contains configuration files. A "configuration file" is a local file used to control the operation of a program; it must be static and cannot be an executable binary.
$HOME/.config is where per-user configuration files go if there is no $XDG_CONFIG_HOME

Based on This answer: "The idea is that per-user files can be (amongst quite a lot of other things) application data files (machine-specific or roaming), application configuration files, cached files, and temporary files, and applications place them in subtrees rooted at these particular directories."
More Reading:

Host-specific system configuration
configuration ethics (esthetics): /etc vs $HOME
Understanding home configuration file locations: ~/, ~/.config/ and ~/.local/share/


Defragmenting disks does not save space, it just reorganises the blocks of data in your files so they can be read faster. It was/is a big problem on file systems used by Windows, but is much less of an issue on filesystems that are (typically) used on Ubuntu installs. I've run linux bases systems for 18 years and never had to do it!

Suggest you use "Disk usage analyser" app to find what's eaten your space up. Also, if you've had the machine for a long time, try this at a terminal:

$ sudo apt autoremove

This will remove packages that don't need to be there any more. Ubuntu is terrible at not removing old kernels that you don't need any more and this has been known to completely fill up disks.

You might also try sudo apt clean which will remove the .deb packages that your packages were installed from.

And of course, check your Recycle Bin!

Hope this helps.


Right Click on Open Space with scripts in nautilus 13.04

It has been reported as a bug... no walk arround so far (let me know if you find one).
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nautilus/+bug/1179744

But you can click on the client's folder instead and pass it as an argument to the script using nautilus-scripts variables and modify your script to create the subfolders on it.Whenever a script is called, Nautilus automatically sets a handful of variables that can be used in your scripts.

NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS - newline-delimited paths for selected files (only if local)

NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS - newline-delimited URIs for selected files

NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI - current location

NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_WINDOW_GEOMETRY - position and size of current window


It is possible this is a bug. There are several bug reports filed reporting similar things. Check out here : https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/upower/+bug/531190


I was having the same problem, specifically after Windows went into hibernation (Fastboot is off). Pushing the following command into terminal, as described in this Q/A, solves the issue: pulseaudio -k && sudo alsa force-reload


Can I install two Ubuntu versions on the same machine?

Yes you can.
For that you will have to use manual partition option.

You can use the same swap for both the installs (this is simple, just select re-select same swap for second install).
You can mount same /home for both installs. (a little advanced, if your experience with linux-admin is less.)


"Tick" does not show on "software source"

Refering the update issues: Did you try sudo apt-get update in a terminal - does it give you an error message?

Refering the "tick": When I (in 11.10) tick this I get asked for the root-password. Then it's no problem. I regrettably have no idea ...


No progress bar when copying files with newer versions of Nautilus (Ubuntu 17.10 and later)

In recent versions of Files (aka Nautilus) separate copy/move status window is no longer available. Instead, you should see a circular symbol (animated pie-chart to show progress) at the top-right of Files window.

Click on it to see details.


Download the driver here

Choose your package and arch. and install


This is expected behavior. If you start an application and it takes up 75% or more of the screen, it will automatically be opened maximized.

You can change that auto-maximize value with the CompizConfig Settings Manager (command ccsm from the compizconfig-settings-manager package) in the options for the Ubuntu Unity Plugin:

If you set it to 100, Unity won't change anything, if you set it to 0, it will try to start all windows maximized.


How to display the GRUB2 menu from the command line

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Setup#A.2BAC8-etc.2BAC8-default.2BAC8-grub

find your windows entry in grub.cfg and copy to grub default like this Vista entry - If you edit your windows command use the edited copy as this must match the title exactly:

cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg

and copy title into grub_default  here:

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub
GRUB_DEFAULT=0

change to comment # or delete old and add new :

#GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_DEFAULT="Windows Vista (on /dev/sda1)"

Then do:

sudo update-grub


Instead of going about this in such a roundabout way, you could just use /var/lib/yacy as the mount point for your partition instead. Edit your fstab file to mount the filesysytem on that mounpoint.
As for setting appropriate permissions check out this page http://www.linuxstall.com/fstab/.
You will need to reboot your computer for the changes to come into effect.


I use Unetbootin for create boot flash. Its avilable for Linux, Windows & Mac OS X.
Easy to use, and correct create boot records on my flash.


Try launching it from the terminal, with the command sudo ubuntu-builder .


Why is my screen flickering while watching some flash videos?

In my case, I experienced the same thing as you described.  It has to do with video card, not browser nor an application.  The flashing usually have to do with cpu when accessing video adapter.

So, instead, I made a modification on ONE line on my GRUB file /etc/default/grub

Look for this line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

and edit to this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="nomodeset"

then save the file, then fire this command: sudo update-grub && sudo reboot

Explanation:
nomodeset = telling kernel to not load video adapter at boot up (so that way it'd let Ubuntu to take the full control of video adapter).  Ubuntu can have the control to that hardwares ONLY if they weren't touched by kernel.

Maybe this is the case in your situation?


List dates occurring at intervals of n days within date range


This helped me:

Open Terminal and run:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

change GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=...... to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="nouveau.modeset=0"

Delete any extras like nomodeset,acpi=off,etc and after that update grub:

sudo update-grub

Restart.

Of course its better to first test this from grub (while rebooting), editing the starting line (Ubuntu-line) with the e-key.


I have installed Visual studio code, ran the "Code" exe, but how do I add it as default IDE?

First, make a .desktop file.  Edit a file in /usr/share/applications named code.desktop:

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/code.desktop

Then type in the following lines:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Visual Studio Code
Comment=Visual Studio Code is a source code editor developed by Microsoft for Windows, Linux and OS X.
Exec=/home/user/Desktop/VSCode-linux-x64/code
Path=/home/user/Desktop/VSCode-linux-x64/
Icon=/usr/share/icons/path/to/your/icon.svg
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Application;Development;

... replacing user with your username and path/to/your/icon.svg with the name of whatever icon you want to use.

Now make sure the permissions are correct:

sudo chmod 644 code.desktop

Now right click your code file (colors.css).  Select Properties.  Then select the Open with tab, and search for the application you want it to open with by default.  Click on that application and select the Set as default button at the bottom right.


You have to boot your system on a Live USB, mount your root-filesystem (/) on /mnt and revert your changes to /mnt/etc/fstab. Then reboot.

Never try to change ownership or access-rights on files in / ... not with mount-options nor by chmodor chown !!!


Error when trying to install reader software for Estonian ID card

Missing font packages in 13.10

Liberation still exists. As all the other font packages do, they just got renamed to be less format specific. The Liberation font from ttf-liberation package can now be found in fonts-liberation. With 13.10/saucy all the (transitional) ttf-* packages were finally dropped, but not the fonts themselves.

Workaround for broken font dependency

Only the qesteidutil package seems to contain the outdated dependency. You could download the package and update the control file within the debian directory of the package.

Also please check if /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ria-repository.list really contains the release name you want to download packages for. If not, edit the file and run sudo apt-get update. If you still encounter issues, then take a look at How do I resolve unmet dependencies after adding a PPA?

Suggestion: build your own packages

Since sources are available, you could rebuild one or all of the packages. The packages however are incompatible to the Debian guidelines as they all seem to be missing copyright information and may be more (see the packaging guide for information on how to get started and how Debian compliant packages should look like).

A closer look at the setup script

The script is used to write distribution specific repository files to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ria-repository.list, which deviates from the default naming convention for these files and implies that the script should be run after each release upgrade, unless you know what to fix. It will leave you without installable packages for saucy, as they do not exist currently. The script also fetches and installs the repository key from the key server.

If you build your own signed packages and want to distribute them, you would need to modify these parts of the script. The best solution would be a Ubuntu PPA, given that the source code is really Open Source and free to distribute (should be, as I can see a lot of files containing the LGPL license text when browsing for example https://svn.eesti.ee/projektid/idkaart_public/branches/3.7.2/).

Summary

I know this looks like I am just complaining or talking you into packaging, but I am confident that these little issues can be sorted out.


Getting I.P address of Ubuntu Server running in Virtual Box

You don't have an IP address because you have not configured one.  To do so you need to edit /etc/network/interfaces.  If you want one to be obtained automatically, add eth0 to the auto line in the file, and add a new line for it that reads iface eth0 inet dhcp.  You can then reboot or run sudo ifup -a to bring up the interface and obtain the IP address.  See man interfaces for more information.


I've run into same problem. Transparency does not work with window_type override. And window_type desktop disappears on show_desktop. I've come up with this config for ubuntu 14.04 with unity and compiz

own_window_type panel
own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager


You should also set the default permissions on the drive with setfacl:

setfacl -R -m u:$USER:rwX /media/user/drive1

If this isn't exactly what you need, I recommend looking up the man page of the command.


Both: Postfix is a mail transfer agent (MTA), and it can transfer mail in both directions (from a local program to a distant machine, from a distant machine to a local program, and it can also relay mails between machines if needed).

If you have a machine with a permanent Internet connection (preferably with a static IP address, but that is not required) and you wish to receive mail directly at this machine, then Postfix is the right tool (or some other MTA — but Postfix is the default MTA in Ubuntu and is a reasonable choice). If your server is myserver.example.com and you want to receive mail for username@example.com, then all you need is to run Postfix and set up an MX record for example.com with your DNS provider. If you want to receive mail for username@myserver.example.com, you don't even need an MX record. If you want to receive mail that comes from some other machine, you'll need to convince that machine to bounce the mail to your server.

If you want to feed mail periodically from some server, then Postfix isn't the right tool, but it can be part of the tool chain. You can use fetchmail or a similar program to periodically retrieve mail from an external IMAP or POP3 server, and either drop it directly to your mail reader's inbox or route it through Postfix as a local mail delivery system.

For sending mail, you can set up Postfix to talk to that third party and tell your mail user agent to route mails through your machine's email system.


Postfix to send email using gmail address

You can specify the sender address mail uses by default in your ~/.mailrc file – create it if it doesn't exist yet – with the following line:

set from="username@gmail.com"

If this helps you, please also upvote this answer where I got it from and where you can get a configuration example.


Weird.  My best suggestion would be to check your keyboard layout is correct in settings - and maybe your bios if it was sold outside the US.

These might help:

http://www.wikihow.com/Change-Keyboard-Layout-in-Ubuntu

How do I change default keyboard layout (not input method) in Ubuntu 16.04?


IPv6 tunnels - any easy way to turn them on and off?

Have you tried ifup/ifdown?

ifup he-ipv6
ifdown he-ipv6


How to check if ICMP blocking is enabled in a system..?

To check whether ICMP is enabled or disabled run the command:

cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all

The output is 0 or 1:

0 means that ICMP is enabled
1 means that ICMP is disabled

If it's disabled and you want to enable it:

change 1 to 0 in the above file
Or run the command:

iptables  -I  INPUT  -i  ech0  -p   icmp  -s  0/0  -d  0/0   -j  ACCEPT


you can try installing dual boot with windows if it will be suggested in install option . Also watch this manual https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5Jxfj6tu_U


Specify the full path to the file when using the "chmod" command


Is chrome browser on Ubuntu less secure?

Chrome is just as secure on Linux as on Windows.

The way these checks work is that:

Your browser tells which browser, browser version, and operating system you're using (and a few other things)
The site's authors decide whether that's good enough

But that doesn't mean that the authors know what they're talking about. For example, according to the page you link to:

  [Windows] Google Chrome 21.0 or newer available at www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/

Chrome 21.0 isn't secure anymore. It's horribly outdated. Lots of security bugs have been fixed since then.

More importantly, they don't list any browsers as secure for Linux, which most likely means that don't want to give an opinion because they don't know much about Linux, which is quite common.


Using Ubuntu Cloud as cloud storage for all Ubuntu installations

As I understand you need a clustered file system which is available to all machines in a Linux based infrastructure.

I suggest you to have a look at Lustre. This is almost exactly what you are looking for except that it does not sync the data locally.


Removing program after accidentally removed its installation folder

You can get around the situation by using a combination of apt and dpkg. First download the deb package from repository

apt-get download <packagename>

Then install the .deb file (it's in current folder)

sudo dpkg -i <downloaded_package_file.deb>

If this doesn't work, add the --force-all switch to dpkg, i.e.

sudo dpkg -i --force-all <downloaded_package_file.deb>

If it still doesn't work, also add --no-triggers

sudo dpkg -i --force-all --no-triggers <downloaded_package_file.deb>

As a last resort (not recommended), you could manually edit /var/lib/dpkg/status:

make a backup of the file
find and delete the block regarding spotify-client
keep the empty line before the next block
save
apt-get -f install spotify-client


Activites overview keyboard navigation in multi-monitor environment

I wrote a very simple example (extension) on somehow to achieve explained behavior above:
https://github.com/up-to-you/gnome-overview-nav

This sample is only for proof of concepts (alt+left, alt+right for opening overview and focusing left or right monitor respectively).

If someone want to pick up a project and implement full working version -  everyone are welcome!


Why does gnome terminal open in a strange place?

This is because of a small mistake in the command:

gnome-terminal --title="abvtrm" --geometry 80x10-0-0

will go to there - see the -0-0

gnome-terminal --title="abvtrm" --geometry 80x10+0+0

will go to the top - see the +0+0.

man X | grep corner

Thanks @pandya

gives the following:

four corners of the screen using the following specifications:
       +0+0    upper left hand corner.
       -0+0    upper right hand corner.
       -0-0    lower right hand corner.
       +0-0    lower left hand corner.


Workspace switching breaks xpra switching

This bug has been fixed a very long time ago but the packages provided by the Ubuntu repositories are fundamentally broken and full of holes such as this one.


The total size of the argument and environment lists 1.8MB exceeds the operating system limit of 2MB

Incorrectly setting PATH environment variable might cause this error.
You should NOT add this line to config.fish. If you do, the variable will get longer each time you run fish!
See issue


If correct, that is the sign of a bad battery.  You can try to fully charge the battery, then discharge ( computer should shut down at around 3% left ), then recharge it to recalibrate the measurement.  The time it takes to do so will also confirm how accurate the reading is.


Run:

sudo apt-get update

You should always run that before installing or upgrading packages on the command-line (unless you've run it very recently). It fetches information about what packages are available in what versions from where.

You may simply be able to install g++ now, but go ahead and do as Web-E says (after running the above command), to fix any currently broken dependencies:

sudo apt-get -f install

(The -f can actually go before or after the install; the effect is the same.)

Then try installing g++ again:

sudo apt-get install g++

If that still fails, please edit your question to show any error messages (and also the output of the above two commands when you ran them). But it should succeed.


Can't increase swap size: the swapfile appears to have holes

Ubuntu Community SwapFAQ shows use of fallocate as initial and quicker approach, only falling back on dd if fallocate fails.

Example Given (1GiB):

$ sudo swapoff -a
$ sudo fallocate -l 1g /mnt/1GiB.swap
$ sudo chmod 600 /mnt/1GiB.swap
$ sudo mkswap /mnt/1GiB.swap
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1048576 kB
$ sudo swapon /mnt/1GiB.swap
$ cat /proc/swaps
Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority
/home/swapfile                          file            1048576 1048576 -1
$ echo '/mnt/4GiB.swap swap swap defaults 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
$ reboot
$ free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            15G        9.3G        454M        4.0G        5.8G        1.9G
Swap:          1.0G        0B          1.0G

Your Case (4GiB) - Using fallocate:

$ sudo swapoff -a
$ sudo fallocate -l 4G /yourswapfile
$ sudo chmod 600 /yourswapfile
$ sudo mkswap /yourswapfile
$ sudo swapon /yourswapfile
$ echo '/yourswapfile swap swap defaults 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
$ free -h

Your Case (4GiB) - Using dd:
Note: Same process you used except smaller bs value (read/write bytes at a time) to reduce possibility of holes in swapfile. I also added status=progress which shows periodic transfer statistics.

$ sudo swapoff -a
$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/yourswapfile bs=1M count=4096 status=progress

Note: If bs=1M count=4096 is too slow, try bs=4M count=1024


Running ubuntu server behind a router DSL-2780

So I found a solution on  on Portforward.com

I will repost here just in-case anyone has a problem in future:

On a D-Link DSL-2780 go into the main settings panel (often either via 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.0.1 and log in via the admin password).
Go to Advance on the top menu bar then Virtual Server on the left menu bar.
This page controls port forwarding, there should be a number of pre-existing rules below (mine had xbox ports active for some reason but also presets for FTP, HTTP, HTTPS etc). Create a new rule by filling in the settings below: I've explained what each do because this is where I got stuck!

  Enable Virtual Server Rules : [Click to enable the rule]

  Name : [insert name for your reference so you can find it later]

  Interface : [PVC0 (only choice)]

  Internal IP : [Choose the IP of your server on the LAN network (ie. usually 192.168.x.xx) Helps if you've made this a static local IP elsewhere in the router settings]

So far as I can tell the router will act like points on a traintrack, allowing it to listen to an 'external port range' and then send it to your server on an different 'internal port range'. Thus you'll want to match the internal setting to what you've set your router to listen and send via and your external one to how you want to display / hide the port to the rest of the world.

  Internal startport : [The beginning of the range that your home server will listen on- for a single port use the same number for both!]

  Internal endport : [The end of the range that your home server will listen on- for a single port use the same number for both!]

  External startport : [The beginning of the range that your router will listen on- for a single port use the same number for both!]

  External endport : [The end of the range that your router will listen on- for a single port use the same number for both!]

  Protocol : [TCP / UDP / Both Depending on what application you need to use, choose one!]

The settings below beginning with a time: enable / disable radio button can make the rule automatically turn on and off on a certain schedule. I believe you could use to to say... only allow the SSH port at a time when you know you'll want to use it!

Seems simple on reflection, hope that helps someone else at some point.


That "ugly theme" is the default GTK theme.

There are numerous fixes to be detailed but this is the best answer I know of.


File permissions are not being preserved while after unarchive tar.gz

You are providing too few details, so I am making assumptions on my answer.

There could be a number of reasons for that not to work as expected.

The user-id and group-id mentioned in the tar archive don't exist on the target machine.
The target (sub) file system where the archive is being unarchived don't allow for those "permissions" to stick with the original ones. This is the case with non-Unix file systems like vfat and ntfs as used for target directories and files.
Normal users cannot in general do that. A non-root user cannot transfer the ownership of files and directories to other users.
Some of the target directory aren't real directories (like /proc and /sys), so the restore of files therein won't work.

I am  not sure how the "Apache Compress library" works, but when I need to do a similar task I untar the archive with root permissions while using the very same path as the destination of the unarchiving. However  Apache Compress library works, if it can handle tar.gz files it needs to be able to accept a number of options similar to those of the tar tool. Which I would definitely use.

Something like:

sudo tar xf mytar.tar.gz -C /

will ensure that any file that's been archived with absolute path will be put back in place with the original permissions and ownership as sudo will escalate the privileges to the needed level while -C / will untar the files in the proper place provided that the tar archive has been created with absolute paths and that the target restore needs to be put in the very same place.

Now, as you are using a library, the whole process would need to be run as root in order to be able to transfer the ownership. Which in turn could be a bad idea depending upon the specific constraints and use cases.

If you could instead spawn a process running just the unarchiving task, you would be able to let it alone escalate permissions with sudo. In this very case, again, I would use tar instead of a brand new program.

If your needs are just limited to the file access permissions without any ownership information, you can check this other answer of mine. Keep in mind that plain access permissions could not work properly when not followed by the proper ownership information.


The microphone is not recognized (Kubuntu)

I think (I also rebooted but I think I also rebooted before lol, would it be funny if just rebooting fixed it tho - I am now almost sure it made it work, I rebooted once when not applying the setting (was able only to use the mic, actually never the speakers), and the again applaying and it worked) this handy program located here Xubuntu - how to use both front and rear audio output? helped fix the issue.


By using echo $0, you will get the name of the running process, the name of the file as was invoked on the command line, the name of the command currently being executed (see Special shell variables). The right command which will return your current shell where you are in is:

echo $SHELL

Therein lies probably your confusion. And yes, the right command to change your default shell is:

chsh

Better to use it without any arguments to see exactly what happens.


EDIT: This solution might not hold for distribution upgrades as such. See comments. To be confirmed.

You can always run sudo apt-get --simulate dist-upgrade and see if you get any errors. Always make a backup if your files are important for you or someone else.


When dual booting, there is always the suggestion, to fist install Windows and Ubuntu afterwards. Windows will usually destroy the GRUB and generally makes things complicated.

The site gives a thorough step-by-step tutorial what to do with the windows install disk. Since it is a Windows Problem, I suggest you handle it in Windows as suggested there.

You can install Ubuntu afterwards on your 32gb drive. I think it will be the easier way. If you still have problems related to Ubuntu feel free to come back here.


Remove LXDM and start DE via startx/startlxde

My understanding is that you've removed lxdm and booting into command line. Why not install another desktop manager, instead of lxdm ? For instance sudo apt-get install gdm or sudo apt-get install lightdm ? In fact, if you installed lxde after installing ubuntu, lightdm should be on your machine already. You chould switch to it with sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm and change the session from there.

You could also specify the default desktop session in the file /var/lib/AccountsService/users/yourusernamehere , specifically on line 12, where it says XSession

If what you want is to boot into command line and then start x server manually, here's what you can do:

Open /etc/default/grub with your favorite text editor (note, you must use sudo)

and edit line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="text", which is in screenshot bellow is line 12

Save the file, run sudo update-grub and reboot once done. Once you boot up, you will be prompted to login into tty, run sudo service lightdm start, where lightdm is whatever greeter/desktop manager you want to use or have

Alternatively you could start openbox session with the following command:
openbox --replace directly from lxde (wont work in tty)

Among other things, you could do sudo service lightdm start && openbox --replace as oneliner, or put it into a script


How to create a separate /boot partition after installation when dual booting?

You can not create more that 4 primary partitions in MBR.

I suggest temporarily removing /sda3 swap partition.

Move left side of /sda4 right.
Remove /sda3.
Create an extended partition in unallocated space.
Create two partitions inside the extended.
Format one as swap, the other as ext2 for /boot.
Update /etc/fstab with new UUIDs and mount points for swap and /boot.

You will have to update /etc/fstab in both Arch and Ubuntu to mount the new partition as /boot and also copy there contents of both boot directories.

You will also need to re-install grub after that.

These operations can be done while booted from Ubuntu LiveUSB.

But it will be much easier to have two separate /boot partitions for each OS.

And also ext3 is not a good choice for /boot. I would recommend ext2.

ext3 is similar to ext4 but obsolete. ext2 does not have journal, it works faster. Journal is not that important for /boot.

So there is not reason to use ext3. You can choose between default ext4 or ext2.


Unable to upgrade pulseaudio on Ubuntu 16.04

The directory /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths was set as immutable. I changed it by running sudo chattr -Ri /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths. And Everything was fixed.


I highly recommend downloading the ISO from Ubuntu.com, doing a md5 check before burning the CD. More on that here, and then doing a reinstall without formatting, so that you preserve your data.


How to remove safely and completely gnome its associated files from Ubuntu 18.04?

Given that Unity is a graphical shell for the Gnome desktop, you will find that they use many packages in common. I even have quite a few  in my KDE Plasma desktop!

This means that it is not safe to just remove any of the myriad packages with gnome in their name. However, once you did sudo apt remove gnome-shell, you can follow that with sudo apt autoremove to get rid of any dependencies that are otherwise no longer needed.


No output plugins when installing cmus from source

If you are installing cmus from source,you also need to install all the dependencies.

Look through this!

Dev packages needed to be installed for libraries used for input and output plugins.
Most are not installed on a default Ubuntu 14.04 install.
Found the list of library on an ArchLinux page (https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/x86_64/cmus/)

These libraries include:

libcue

ncurses

alsa-lib (optional) - for ALSA output plugin support

faad2 (optional) - for AAC input plugin support

ffmpeg (optional) - for ffmpeg input plugin support

flac (optional) - for flac input plugin support

libao (optional) - for AO output plugin support

libcdio-paranoia (optional) - for cdio support

libmad (optional) - for mp3 input plugin support

libmodplug (optional) - for modplug input plugin support

libmp4v2 (optional) - for mp4 input plugin support

libmpcdec (optional) - for musepack input plugin support

libpulse (optional) - for PulseAudio output plugin support

libvorbis (optional) - for vorbis input plugin support

opusfile (optional) - for opus input plugin support

wavpack (optional) - for wavpack input plugin support

faad2 (make)

ffmpeg (make)

flac (make)

libao (make)

libcdio-paranoia (make)

libmad (make)

libmodplug (make)

libmp4v2 (make)

libmpcdec (make)

libpulse (make)

libvorbis (make)

opusfile (make)

wavpack (make)

https://github.com/cmus/cmus/issues/197


How can I use Ubuntu to fix my Windows OS

(In Ubuntu)

Open a terminal and type:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (sudo boot-repair &)

Then open Boot-Repair. Click 'Recomended Repair'.

Then wait for it to complete. You should be able boot into Windows Vista.

Hope this helps!!!


To get the Processor model use the below command in a terminal.

cat /proc/cpuinfo  | grep 'name'| uniq

To get the information about number of processors

cat /proc/cpuinfo  | grep process| wc -l


Problem of installing ubuntu 14.o4 in windows 8.1

This might not be a proper answer but i could not comment that's why i am answering. First of all, i think your question is wrong. It should be like

  no option to create 64-bit guests in virtualbox

.
This type of question had already been asked. You can check this link enable option to create 64-bit guests in virtualbox


How can I change another user's "About Me" photo?

This can be done by replacing the .face file located in the user's home directory with a new photo.
For example, to change the photo for user bob:

sudo cp new_photo.jpg /home/bob/.face
sudo chmod 0644 /home/bob/.face
sudo chown bob /home/bob/.face

NOTE: Not all image formats will work, so stick to PNG and JPEG.


First of all, it gives you a PID, or process ID, so go into a task manager to check which specific process is causing the error. Assuming it's a problem with the runtime, the best advice for you would be to completely uninstall all java versions. As of right now, the log isn't specific enough.
Edit: Perhaps your version of libgdk is outdated, and could be upgraded via

sudo apt-get upgrade

Otherwise, I'd suggest removing libgdk and installing the latest version, which most likely will not cause the crash.


Why do lp and lpr return unauthorized error?

Uninstalling and installing cups does NOT cure it. What if you had 50 printers?

In /etc/cups/printers.conf look for AuthInfoRequired it is probably set to negotiate.

There are numerous ways to change this but I do this

/etc/init.d/cups stop
vim /etc/cups/printers.conf

Remove the line with negotiate in it

/etc/init.d/cups start


Cannot upgrade to ubuntu 14.10 from ubuntu 14.04

First take care of the GPG error. Then edit your /etc/apt/sources.list and disable all lines that don't contain a reference to 'ubuntu.com', these are for example all the lines that contain a reference to Launchpad PPA's. Then try to upgrade again. If this works reenable the lines you've diabled and do a regular update.


How do I change the OS Name in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

One option that comes to my mind, is as follows:

Check the content of lsb-release file by, cat /etc/lsb-release
Mine is this

DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=20.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=focal
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 20.04 LTS"

Now with admin rights, edit the lsb-release file: sudo nano /etc/lsb-release (you may use your preferred editor other than nano)
ONLY change the Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, to your PrimeOS at DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 20.04 LTS", save and exit (name must be within " ")
Run lsb_release -a without root and see if the name changes

Hope this helps..!!


It was hardware issue. I replaced the hard disk with a new one and the issue is gone.


In an interview  Mark Shuttleworth talks about the strategy around this issue:

  Any plans on changing the one-cd
  strategy, to get room for more
  standard tools, like say a daemon
  administration tool and a firewall?

  No, it’s a good discipline, we need to
  get better at helping people find
  things like those tools of yours,
  after they install and forcing less on
  them up front.


After installing Ubuntu 14.04 Over windows 8.1 i'm unable to boot from my DVD Drive

I found the solution myself, the problem was that my bios was set to the new windows 8 UEFI boot mode and i needed to set it to legacy. (UEFI is the new thing with windows 8 i believe)


I guess what you are looking for is this page https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/color-calibrationdevices.html.en as of writing it states:

What color measuring instruments are supported?
GNOME relies on the Argyll color management system to support color
instruments. Thus the following display measuring instruments are
supported:
Gretag-Macbeth i1 Pro (spectrometer)

Gretag-Macbeth i1 Monitor (spectrometer)

Gretag-Macbeth i1 Display 1, 2 or LT (colorimeter)

X-Rite i1 Display Pro (colorimeter)

X-Rite ColorMunki Design or Photo (spectrometer)

X-Rite ColorMunki Create (colorimeter)

X-Rite ColorMunki Display (colorimeter)

Pantone Huey (colorimeter)

MonacoOPTIX (colorimeter)

ColorVision Spyder 2 and 3 (colorimeter)

Colorimètre HCFR (colorimeter)

The Pantone Huey is currently the cheapest and best supported hardware in Linux.

For Calibration:
According to https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/color-calibrate-screen.html.en:

How do I calibrate my screen?
You can calibrate your screen so that it shows more accurate color.
This is especially useful if you are involved in digital photography,
design or artwork.
You will need either a colorimeter or a spectrophotometer to do this.
Both devices are used to profile screens, but they work in slightly
different ways.
Make sure your calibration device is connected to your computer.

Open the Activities overview and start typing Settings.

Click on Settings.

Click Devices in the sidebar.

Click Color in the sidebar to open the panel.

Select your screen.

Press Calibrate… to commence the calibration.

Screens change all the time: the backlight in a TFT display will halve
in brightness approximately every 18 months, and will get yellower as
it gets older. This means you should recalibrate your screen when the
[!] icon appears in the Color panel.
LED screens also change over time, but a much slower rate than TFT

The Official Documentation also has extensive Information regarding Color here: https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/color.html.en


Is it important to leave mysql running in the background ? Is there a gui to control processes on Ubuntu 12.04?

No, Ubuntu does not require mysql to be running. You have probably installed mysql while installing something else as well. To disable mysql from starting automatically you might want to execute:

sudo update-rc.d mysql disable

If you no longer want mysql installed at all then you can:

sudo apt-get remove mysql-server

Please note that if you remove the "mysql-server" package that your Ubuntu system probably will report that there are other packages that depend on it that may be removed. in that case, you will have to choose to do so or not, before proceeding.


Add a repository, but hold updates of an individual package

Firstly open Synaptic package manager .
Now select the package you want to hold from a specific repo .
Press Ctrl + E .
Select the version from the standard repos .

Now you will only get updates from the standard repos on that package .


According to Install piklab on Ubuntu 11.04 and later piklab is based on QT3 and as such is not easily installable on recent versions of Ubuntu.

The above mentioned page is a tutorial as well and suggests to

install command line utilities

gputils
sdcc

install libraries

libreadline6
libusb
libstdc++
kdelibs5-data
liblua50
liblualib50
libqt3-mt
launchpad-integration

install packages not available from the repositories (download the deb files)

kdelibs-data_3.5.10.dfsg.1-5ubuntu2_all.deb
libavahi-qt3-1_0.6

get a debian package of piklab (it is a bit old..) and install it

Steps completely taken from the mentioned page.

Additionally the tutorial references another blog: How to setup a PIC microcontroller development environment which uses rpm packages with alien, a somewhat problematic approach on Ubuntu with the advantage of getting a current version of piklab.


text-based

I used to use cmus, but it had some trouble handling tags. I used an old version of it, though:

I currently use moc and love it. It's highly customizeable:

There's also ncmpcpp. It is also highly customizeable:


What does the following gnuradio error message mean?

If you are running Ubuntu 18.04 LTS then you can install gr-iio package:

sudo apt-get install gr-iio

then test it

$ python
Python 2.7.15rc1 (default, Apr 15 2018, 21:51:34)
[GCC 7.3.0] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from gnuradio import iio
>>>

For previous versions according to this issue on GitHub we need to compile gr-iio first.

The guide is presented on AnalogDevices Wiki. You can try to follow it.


Runlevel 0 script not running properly on shutdown

After some further research, I have discovered a much more proper and reliable way of doing this.  First, you add an LSB header to your script that defines the runlevel settings you want to use and then put an executable version of the script in /etc/init.d.  After doing this, you can use the update-rc.d command to add the script to your desired runlevels.  Make sure that the settings you use with the LSB header and update-rc.d match or things will explode.


You should be able to use UEFI directly or efibootmgr from Ubuntu booted in UEFI mode. Either your install or a live installer.

sudo efibootmgr -v

The "-v" option displays all the entries so you can confirm you're deleting the right one, and then you use the combination of "-b ####" (to specify the entry) and "-B" (to delete it). Examples #5 is delete:, with Ubuntu you need sudo, others must be at root. some need all 4 hex chars, others only need significant digits

sudo efibootmgr -b XXXX -B
man efibootmgr

If descriptions are identical, they should still have unique GUID or your clone was too good as duplicates partitions are not allowed. UEFI may have duplicate descriptions and can get duplicate entries that should be housecleaned.

Run this for each drive partuuid is the same as GUID you see in efibootmgr -v detailed entry.

lsblk -o name,mountpoint,label,size,fstype,uuid,partuuid | egrep -v "^loop"

Most UEFI seem to find Windows entries in ESP - Efi System Partition, but not Linux UEFI boot entries. If UEFI does find them, then you also have to delete the folders in the ESP on the older drive.


how to get a return recipt from mailutils?

It's basically a flag in the message that requests the client of the reader to return a receipt. Most clients will by default ask the user before sending the receipt, so it's by no means a guarantee that you'll get a receipt.

The request is sent as a e-mail header. With mailutils you can't change the headers of a mail you're sending. I would suggest that you use mutt instead. It's a bit more sophisticated than mail - and mutt is mutt on every platform, whilst mail differs a lot from platform to platform. Mutt can, of course, send with arbitrary headers.

From mutt's man page:

  -H draft
  Specify a draft file which contains header and body  to  use  to send a message.

This can obviously be used to insert arbitrary headers into an e-mail. The file (or stdin) draft should be on the following format:

From: example@example.org
To: example@example.com
Return-Receipt-To: myself@example.org
Subject: Please confirm when you've read t    From: example@example.org
To: example@example.com
Return-Receipt-To: myself@example.org
Subject: Please confirm when you've read this!

This is the body of the message.

This can of course be sent via stdin, by running <some command to generate the e-mail> | mutt -H -

In addition to the Return-Receipt-To: header you may try other headers like X-Confirm-Reading-To: or Disposition-Notification-To:.


Will conventional programs run on Ubuntu Touch?

The answer of that question may decide the Ubuntu role in tablets market. So far, only the windows 8 tablet has an office software on tablet market. If Ubuntu comes with a whole LibreOffice suite on their tablets, it could be a hit, a big hit!

Everybody wants to use their tables as notebooks, the big problem is the keyboard and, mainly, the office suit.


How can I make Thunderbird marks the indicators envelope blue?

What finally worked:
Now I get a blue envelope on Thunderbird mail at the indicators menu. It also tells me in which folders do I have mail.

For that I had to install Thunderbirds Add-on "Messaging Menu and Unity Launcher integration 0.8" by mike_conley

BUT I am still NOT satisfied cause:

1) I need to keep the whole Thunderbird open, wasting precious memory while I am not looking at the mail. (I have 4GB that my Java apps eat up quite easily)

2) I have seen that there is a way that you get the unread count in the unity Thunderbird icon.  That would be best. How can I get that?

Do I need to keep the whole Thunderbird open?
Why? Isn't there a smaller background daemon just to check email and launch Thunderbird only when I click on the new mail notification?


Install GUI for Ubuntu server from desktop CD

You can follow these steps (but, accordingly to psusi's comment, this only will work with the DVD or Alternate CD versions of Desktop Edition)

[1] First step: add your CD / DVD to the sources list.

Option A: Edit the Source.list and comment all the repositories excepting the CD with:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
Option B: Use Apt-cdrom

test:  sudo apt-cdrom --no-act add
if everything is OK: sudo apt-cdrom add
sudo apt-cdrom ident
sudo apt-cdrom -d "your-cdrom-mount-point" -r

[2] Second step: update with: sudo apt-get update

[3] Third step: install desktop environment

Option A (recommended): install a graphical desktop manager without some of the desktop addons like Evolution and OpenOffice, but continue to use the server flavor kernel:

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop
Option B: install a graphical desktop manager with ALL desktop addons like Evolution and OpenOffice:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

[4] Fourth and final step: restore your source list to the previous state

Uncomment everything you had 'commented' before (if you want, comment CD again) with:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list


How do I use grep to search for lines containing all words in a list with no specific order in a text file?

The easy way is with multiple calls to grep:

grep sample testfile.txt | grep words | grep list

A demonstration:

echo -e "it's a sample test file for a list of words.\nlist of words without a specific order, it's a sample. \nline with no search keyword here. \nlist the sample words. \nsomething completely different." | grep sample | grep words | grep list
it's a sample test file for a list of words.
list of words without a specific order, it's a sample.
list the sample words.


It's part of the kernel block IO:

https://lwn.net/Articles/26404/

Those bioset threads specifically are part of some recovery system.

https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/c4004b02f8e5b9ce357a0bb1641756cc86962664/block/bio.c#L1904


How can I put quick launchers in the top-panel?

You can't put launchers on the top-panel; the top-panel is a part of the Unity Design .

and it it is not gnome-panel anymore, see this answer.

You can only install application indicators:

see What Application Indicators are available?


Missing indicator/tray icons (Steam, Chrome, Dropbox, etc)

The problem was having Unity and its indicators installed. After removing completely Unity and all its indicators the icons are back:

This is the list of the package with "indicator" in the name you should have installed:

$ apt list --installed | grep indicator

gnome-shell-extension-appindicator/cosmic,cosmic,now 22-1 all [installed]
libappindicator1/cosmic,now 12.10.1+18.04.20180322.1-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libappindicator3-1/cosmic,now 12.10.1+18.04.20180322.1-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libindicator3-7/cosmic,now 16.10.0+18.04.20180321.1-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
libindicator7/cosmic,now 16.10.0+18.04.20180321.1-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]


Purge Compiz. Run:

sudo apt purge gnome-panel gnome-session-flashback compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugins
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt purge $(dpkg -l | grep '^rc' | awk '{print $2}')

Reboot.

sudo apt install gnome-panel gnome-session-flashback compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugin

Reboot.

Logout and Login to Gnome-Flashback Compiz.


Actually, all I needed to do was go to the option in recovery mode called "fix broken packages" and this prompts you that it will mount file system in read/write.

Then I dropped down to a root terminal, and was able to edit the fstab.


I Encrypted Ubuntu, now cannot remember passphrase. Help!

You have to re-install as the data is unrecoverable. Do the following:

Create a bootable USB
Set the boot order from the BIOS to boot from that USB:

using [repeatedly hitting them] your ESC or F10 keys (depending on your system type) at reboot to get to BIOS settings. Go to advanced tab and alter the boot order to make the USB boot first.

Plug in the USB and follow the normal install instructions and select the option to erase and install Ubuntu


You will have to navigate to the directory /opt/metasploit-4.5.0.Open a terminal window ( ctrl+alt+T) and type cd /opt/metasploit-4.5.0 . Next, run ./uninstall in your Terminal window. A uninstall window should pop up


Setting up Ubuntu 18.10 LTS Server with Windows 10

Just some ideas that can help you with your issues...

Issue 1

just an idea but I think you are encountering an expected issue when remoting to Ubuntu.  There is a technology called polkit that basically grant a user the right to perform actions on the ubuntu machine.  When locally logged in, the user has more rights than when connecting remotely....(some info can be fount at http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=12073)

Issue 2

cannot help with this one because unclear to me if you are talking about drive redirection or physical drive on the machine.  If you are talking about drive redirection within remote session, this was an known issue with fusemount in Ubuntu 18.04.  We think it's fixed in recent version of xrdp packages but need to be confirmed

Issue 3  - Please read till the end..:-)

This is expected.  With no additional configuration at xRDP/Ubuntu level, you will have the default Gnome desktop displayed in your remote session and you will have some polkit policies showing up...(like color dispaly popup).  To fix that, you have to create specific polkit deviation files and configure some login script to ensure that Ubuntu gnome desktop is displayed

You can fix manually the look'n feel by either using instructions in this post (http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=13590)

In two words, you have to install gnome Tweak and enable Ubuntu Dock + select proper theme to be used in remote session

For the popup, you can have a look at this post on how to fix the issue (http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=12073  and be sure to read this post as well before proceeding (http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=12043)

in two words,  create a file called /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/45-allow-colord.pkla and copy the following content

[Allow Colord all Users]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.color-manager.create-device;org.freedesktop.color-manager.create-profile;org.freedesktop.color-manager.delete-device;org.freedesktop.color-manager.delete-profile;org.freedesktop.color-manager.modify-device;org.freedesktop.color-manager.modify-profile
ResultAny=no
ResultInactive=no
ResultActive=yes

Theses issues can be easily tackled by using the xrdp-installer-v1.x.sh script that automate all these post-configuration actions (see http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=14093

Hope this help
Till next time


How do I configure Chrome to use the system installed Flash instead of the bundled one?

I disabled the internal flash at Chrome to fix this problem for the moment.

Type about:plugins in the URL Bar. Then click on "Details".
Disable the internal Flash plugin and use the plugin from the system (11.2)


Ubuntu 14.04.3 install DVD hangs after boot on black and white squared screen

I've fixed it myself by using the advanced start up mode and setting the boot parameters to nomodeset withf6 + down + enter keys. That way it started up.

It later became known it were errors with a Nvidia legacy card.

And after installation I needed to setup the tested Nvidia legacy drivers. Else I got 4:3 screen resolution


xrandr issues with HDMI output flip screen to mirror image

So I eventually figured it out with everyone's help. My problem was I wasn't setting it like a dual screen. It was only working as if there was one screen. So to adapt @codlord's code I used: 'xandr --output LVDS-1 --auto --output HDMI-1 --reflect x --right-of LVDS-1'.  That worked like a charm :)


Why does the error “attempt to read or write outside of disk 'hd0'” occur and how can I avoid it?

I suggest unmounting the partition and file system checking it with fsck


AMD open source driver causes slow rendering and overheating

/var/log/Xorg.0.log showed me that I was missing libGL.so.1. So I installed libgl1-mesa-glx. I also loaded the radeon module as suggested here and also blacklisted fglrx (this was important in my case as Xorg.0.log keeps on saying unable to load fglrx; actually it's still saying that but everything is working fine.)


Quite easy. fire up a terminal and issue the following command:

ps aux

you can also use grep. eg

ps aux | grep java


Problem with the CH341 driver in Ubuntu 20.04

It was a false alert, due to the fact that both cables I used were not working properly, one (the one used just after the upgrade) working intermittently. Today I used a third cable and a new Wemos (paranoid you say) for preparing a bug report with apport and the module was loaded and all worked fine.


Install the Blu-ray Java module:
 sudo apt-get install libbluray-bdj libbluray-bin

from here


Ok so problem was with user root privileges,
i just Stop the MySQL server and then restart it with the

sudo /usr/sbin/mysqld --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &

after which i connect to the MySQL server using the mysql client

shell> mysql

then i grant all privileges to root user

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

After that I stop the server and restart it normally,
Now when i call SHOW DATABASES; it listed all my databases, and i'm able to create new one.

Thanks to everyone for the help.


My netbook freezes everytime i turn on WLAN on Ubuntu

Here is the solution for my little problem.

For recent Kernel versions you should do this (2.6.38)

wget http://www.orbit-lab.org/kernel/compat-wireless-2.6-stable/v2.6.38/compat-wireless-2.6.38.2-2-ns.tar.bz2

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-'uname -r'

sudo apt-get remove lsh-server

tar jxvf compat-wireless-2.6.38.2-2-ns.tar.bz2

cd compat-wireless-2.6.38.2-2-ns

make

sudo make install

sudo make wlunload

sudo make btunload

sudo modprobe iwlagn bnep btusb rfcomm sco

sudo modprobe iwlagn

sudo modprobe bnep

sudo modprobe btusb

sudo modprobe rfcomm

sudo modprobe sco

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

**For older Kernel versions (2.6.32):**

wget http://www.orbit-lab.org/kernel/compat-wireless-2.6-stable/v2.6.32/compat-wireless-2.6.32.16.tar.bz2

tar -jxvf compat-wireless-2.6.32.16.tar.bz2

sudo apt-get remove lsh-server

cd compat-wireless-2.6.32.16/
./scripts/driver-select iwlwifi

make

sudo make install

sudo make wlunload

sudo make btunload

sudo make unload

sudo modprobe iwlcore

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

sudo modprobe iwlagn

sudo modprobe iwlagn bnep dtusb rfcomm sco

(http://www.techdrivein.com/2011/06/fixwifi-driver-breaks-after-update-in.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+techdrivein+%28Tech+Drive-in%29)

This has solved my problem!


Ubuntu 20.04 Lenovo IdeaPad 5 Ryzen 4800u Display Brightness not working

The issue is related to the Renoir graphics in AMD 4000 series processors. Here is a Phoronix article that gives a short description of it. Starting from Linux kernel 5.5, Renoir support was marked as no longer experimental. Kernel 5.7 is the newest kernel, so updating to that provides support for your processor.
I have a laptop with a 4500U. Upgrading to 5.7 helped fix every issue besides the brightness control.
The following steps to install the kernel comes from this answer which is a general version of an ubuntuforums.org post from user lykwydchykyn. The following steps contain some additions that I found useful when installing the kernel:

Go here (sorted by most recent build): https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/?C=N;O=D

Select the build you want, then navigate to the amd64/ directory.

Download 3 (maybe 4) debs to a folder somewhere:
 linux-headers-VERSION-NUMBER_all.deb
 linux-headers-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb
 linux-image-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb
 linux-image-extra-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb    # if available

Install the debs with whatever package manager front-end you use, or use these commands:
 cd /path/to/folder/where/you/put/the/debs
 sudo dpkg -i *.deb

An additional resource is the Ubuntu wiki which explains how to install an upstream kernel with generic instructions. This is good for learning that you choose either the generic kernel or the lowlatency kernel and don't download all of them (like I did at first): https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/MainlineBuilds


Laser-like mouse pointer/cursor for (desktop-shared) presentation

If you have some installed cursor themes, you can move that folder to the ~/.local/share/icons and then you should be able to change cursor in gnome tweak tool


Ubuntu 14.04:LTS , HPLIP loses USB connection to HP laserjet

I experienced similar problems, as cited in this forum, trying to configure the HP Laserjet 1018 printer with ubuntu desktop 14.04 and 14.10. At the begining I used HPLIP installed manually, and the printer worked fine for a while, I was able to print 3 or 4 documents, but then the printer started to fail with "communication error". After some combinations of unplug and re-plug, turn off on or reboot the printer works again, but this is an annoying situation, specially because I wanted to make the printer works for common users without any knowledge.

So I decided to try the solution installing the foo2zjs driver, these are the steps I followed, after reading many forums and potential solutions:

Uninstall HPLIP completely

Uninstall HPLIP if it was installed by default in ubuntu

sudo apt-get remove hplip

In my case, I had installed HPLIP manually, after downloading the tarball distribution from http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/index.html. So I followed the instructions cited here to completely uninstall it.

Install the foo2zjs driver, to do this I used the instructions cited here. I transcribe them here:

Install build-essential, tix, foomatic-filters, groff, dc FIRST:

sudo apt-get install build-essential tix foomatic-filters groff dc

Unpack:

wget -O foo2zjs.tar.gz http://foo2zjs.rkkda.com/foo2zjs.tar.gz
tar zxf foo2zjs.tar.gz
cd foo2zjs

Compile:

make

Get extra files from the web, such as .ICM profiles (for color correction) and firmware.  Select the model number for your printer, In this case:

./getweb 1018      # Get HP LaserJet 1018 firmware file

Install driver, foomatic XML files, PPD files, and extra files:

sudo make install

Install hotplug (for HP LJ 1000/1005/1018/1020/P100[5678]/P1505):

sudo make install-hotplug

Unplug and re-plug the USB printer

If you use CUPS to manage your printers, you must restart cupsd:

sudo make cups

Add a new printer by pasting http://localhost:631 in your browser address field and adding a new printer. Once created it, print a test page.

In my case I experienced problems using cups, so I reinstalled it with

sudo apt-get -y install cups

NOTE:
I suggest to watch the log /var/log/syslog to detect any possible error.
For example, after installing foo2zjs, I detect the following error in syslog:

foo2zjs: Missing HP LaserJet 1018 firmware file /lib/firmware/hp/sihp1018.dl

So, I fixed it by getting the firmware:

getweb 1018

Then I copied the file sihp1018.dl to the directory specified in the syslog error.

You may need to reboot both the computer and the printer.

After these steps I was able to print using the HP LaserJet 1018 printer without problems, I did different tests like print a test page, print a LibreOffice doc, print a PDF doc. I reboot the machine and printed again and the printer worked perfectly.
I tested using both Ubuntu 14.04 and 14.10.

Hope this can help.


Their page says the following https://launchpad.net/~fingerprint/+archive/ubuntu/fingerprint-gui:

  NOTE: Fingerprint GUI is no longer maintained and is not compatible with Ubuntu 20.04 and newer


want to make swap file from my ubuntu live (on flash drive) to my main hard disk

That doesn't look right.

You could try:

fallocate -l 6g /media/309AFD059AFCC87C/ubuntu\ live\ drive\ program\ files\/6g.swap

or

fallocate -l 6g "/media/309AFD059AFCC87C/ubuntu live drive program files/6g.swap"


Accidentally created new partition table for boot drive

I know of three ways to do what you want, given your current situation:

Method 1: Easy but Risky and Slow

The first method is to use TestDisk, which can scan a disk for filesystem data and generate new partition table entries to match what it finds. This approach is relatively automated, and hence easy; but the tools must scan much of the disk, which can take a while. Worse, TestDisk may be thrown by stray data from old partitions you've deleted, thus producing bad results. Thus, there's a chance that TestDisk will generate a completely wrong partition table; or it might give you a number of choices about what to recover, and you may not be able to decide which is correct.

Although TestDisk can recover partition start and end points, and is likely to set the partition type code correctly, it will not be able to restore the partition's original GUID. This can be important for booting, as noted in the next section.

Note that TestDisk (or some similar tool; it's not the only one in this category) will become your only choice once you shut down or reboot the computer.

Method 2: Harder but Safer and Faster

Because your kernel is still using the old partition table, the data on your partitions can still be retrieved from memory. The question is how to do so, and the answer is to look in the /sys/block/sda directory tree. That directory should have subdirectories for each partition (sda1, sda2, and so on), and each of these directories has a start and a size file with the starting location and size of the partition, in sectors. For instance:

$ cat /sys/block/sda/sda2/start
1126440
$ cat /sys/block/sda/sda2/size
1536000

This indicates that, on my system, /dev/sda2 starts at sector 1126440 and is 1536000 sectors in size. You can extract this information and, using gdisk, re-create the partition table -- or at least, create partitions with the correct sizes. You'll need to use your knowledge of what's in each partition to set their type codes. AFAIK, there's no way to recover GUID values (the same is true of the previous approach). The GUID value of the ESP may be important, since it's likely to be used by the EFI as part of its boot process. You should be able to extract this from the sudo efibootmgr -v output -- it will be embedded in the string that's part of the ubuntu line. You can use gdisk to change this value after you've re-created the ESP -- use the c option on the experts' menu.

Method 3: Best and Easiest But You Probably Can't Do It

The best and easiest way to do what you want is to restore the partition table from a backup. The gdisk tool offers a b option on the main menu to create such a backup. If you'd done so, you could restore the backup with the l (lowercase "L") option on the recovery & transformation menu.

Restoring a backup in this way will restore all the partition table data to the way it had been when the backup was made. This includes GUID values, partition names, and of course partition sizes. It's conceivable that you've made such a backup but have forgotten it. If so, use it. If not, though, this won't do you any good, except insofar as you now know about this option, and may be motivated to make a backup for use in the future.


Xenial dumped wxWidgets 2.8, it's not even in repositories. code::blocks  won't work on it, unless a version compiled with 3.0 is made available (and Jen's version won't work, it requires more recent libs than those available on  hte repositories) or 2.8 is added  back.


I'd do:

completely disable iptables.
tell the service to bind to all the interfaces available, adding this to the config file:
listen_address=0.0.0.0

Once done, try to connect and tell us the results.


find: File system loop detected; '/snap/core18/1144' is part of the same file system loop as '/' Ubuntu Core OS

incorrect usage (30 characters for post)


First, correct the path names in the script file /etc/cron.daily/backupvivashost and apply A.B's suggestions:

#!/bin/bash

DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)
mkdir /var/lib/backups/html-backup/www-$DATE/
cp -pR /var/www/html/* /var/lib/backups/html-backup/www-$DATE/
find /var/lib/backups/html-backup -mtime +5 -delete

Then, make the file executable:

sudo chmod +x /etc/cron.daily/backupvivashost

Then execute the file to see if it works:

sudo /etc/cron.daily/backupvivashost

If it works, see if it will also run when called by crontab. The script needs sudo privileges so it should be called by the root crontab.

sudo crontab -e

will do that. If that doesn't work, there is something wrong with the default editor, or with the file /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root. To specify nano as your editor, do

export EDITOR=/usr/bin/nano

When you manage to open the crontab with the editor, enter dates and times to have your script executed. If you want to run it at 17:00, enter:

0 17 * * * /etc/cron.daily/backupvivashost > /home/user/logfile 2>&1

This way, you will get to see what goes wrong in the file /home/user/logfile. When that works as well, remove the line from the crontab, as the script will now be run daily anyway.


Why do some programs create double indicators on the top panel?

Unfortunately, this is a problem/bug in those particular applications. When you launch them, they should detect that they are running minimized with an indicator, and simply maximize the running instance. But they don't, and instead start a new copy of the program , with indicator and all.

Unless you want to modify the source code yourself, the best way to get this fixed is to file a bug with the respective application's developers.

In the meanwhile, you should try to remember to use the indicator's menu to show the app once you have started it, instead of clicking on the Launcher shortcut.


How does one basically use lastpass-cli?

There's some fairly limited documentation here.  You have to click on the 'Create, edit, and retrieve passwords on the command line' or 'lpass subcommands' drop downs on that web page.

A full manual page with examples is available on the Lastpass github page.

To retrieve the password for a specific website use:

lpass show --password sitename

You can also add the -c option to clip the password to your copy buffer.

Retrieving the email account for a website isn't as clear, as it depends upon in which field it's stored, if the email address is your username then use:

lpass show --username sitename

Otherwise using the correct field in place of --username should work, --id or --name may be good choices, or you can specify --field=FIELD. Failing that, look at all of the stored fields using:

lpass show --all sitename

Additionally you can view all of your stored information using:

lpass ls


Which version of ubuntu is best for "old" 2ghz celeron

Maybe you'll better install 11.10 Xubuntu. Or Lubuntu. 9.XX is no longer supported, and 10.04 won't run much faster. Xubuntu is pretty fast, but Lubuntu is superspeed ;) Just figure out, test, an choose :)


(While composing the question, I stumbled across the solution; however, it didn't turn up in my original search results, so I figured posting it may be helpful to others.)

This bug report has the solution:

  I found the problem: Apparently 8.04 doesn't install OpenOffice base alongside writer and calc. After installing the openoffice.org-base package (plus dependencies), the problems disappeared.

Seems what was true for 8.04 is still true in 10.04.


how to add scrollbar buttons to default cinnamon theme?

Make /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/gtk-3.0/gtk.css look like this (If the top line IS NOT THE SAME, just add the bit after .scrollbar):

@import url("resource:///org/gnome/adwaita/gtk-main.css");

.scrollbar {
-GtkScrollbar-has-backward-stepper: 1;
-GtkScrollbar-has-forward-stepper: 1;
-GtkRange-slider-width: 15;
-GtkRange-stepper-size: 20;
}

This worked for me - Thanks! :-)

You might need to do it to /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/gtk-3.0/gtk-dark.css as well (Again, If the top line IS NOT THE SAME, just add the bit after .scrollbar):

@import url("resource:///org/gnome/adwaita/gtk-main-dark.css");

.scrollbar {
-GtkScrollbar-has-backward-stepper: 1;
-GtkScrollbar-has-forward-stepper: 1;
-GtkRange-slider-width: 15;
-GtkRange-stepper-size: 20;
}

You need to change the gtk2.0 anyway, as that is used in Firefox etc -

so change this in/usr/share/themes/Adwaita/gtk-2.0/gtkrc:

GtkScrollbar::has-backward-stepper      = 0
GtkScrollbar::has-forward-stepper       = 0

to:

GtkScrollbar::has-backward-stepper      = 1
GtkScrollbar::has-forward-stepper       = 1

In Gnome, you can restart with Alt+F2 and then r - but logging out and logging in again sometimes works.


Do I need to remove the 32 bit version of Steam Beta before upgrading to the final version of Steam?

Because you are switching from 32 bit to 64 bit I recommend a purge and reinstall.  It is not very often that programs have updates which switch from 32 bit to 64 bit since some people still use 32 bit OS and the 64 bit programs won't run correctly on them.


Seeing EFI Shell version 2.40 [5.11] after delete swap partition

If you deleted your swap partition, and then didn't edit your /etc/fstab, that's why you're having the problem. The system is looking for a swap partition that no longer exists.

If you've got Ubuntu 18.xx or newer, fix it this way...

At the GRUB menu, choose Additional Options, then choose the Recovery Mode
sudo pico /etc/fstab # edit this file
find the line that has the word "swap" in it, and comment it out with a "#"
save the file and quit the editor
reboot

If you deleted some other partition, like the EFI partition, then you may have to reinstall Ubuntu, or try boot-repair. You can boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB to try and backup your important files to another available disk drive.

Now we need to discuss why you deleted the swap partition, and what your swap options are.


Shell script runs fine by itself, but not in cron

Try to use the full path of the executing program like:

0 3 * * * /bin/bash /home/directedition/observatory/nmapscan.sh # JOB_ID_1


The correct wording is:

[device]
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no

And not =0. Please change the file and restart Network Manager:

sudo service network-manager restart


How to install vmware player tools for Ubuntu 14.4LTS?

Test this:
Insert the VMware Tools CD into Cd/DvR.
Mount the VMware Tools CD.
sudo mkdir /mnt/cdrom
sudo mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom

Open the VMware Tools CD mounted on the Ubuntu desktop.
Right-click the file name that is similar to VMwareTools.x.x.x-xxxx.tar.gz.
Click Extract to, and select Ubuntu Desktop to save the extracted contents.
The vmware-tools-distrib folder is extracted to the Ubuntu Desktop.
Or open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T
And run:
To find the exact name:
ls /mnt/cdrom

To extract the contents of the VMware Tools bundle:
tar xzvf /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-x.x.x-xxxx.tar.gz -C /home/{user}/Desktop/

To install VMware Tools
cd /home{user}/Desktop/vmware-tools-distrib
sudo ./vmware-install.pl -d

Restart the Ubuntu machine after the VMware Tools installation completes.
Source


APT is the proper one for Ubuntu systems.

IMO after selecting  apt, the corresponding package would be installed through software center.


How to extend this sda6 partition from unallocated partition?

First, since you can't modify a currently mounted filesystem, you will need to use a Live CD.

Second, filesystems and partitions can only be extended to the right, not to the left. Since in your case the unallocated space is to the left of the partition you wish to extend, you will need to first move it to the left (so the unallocated space is moved to the right of the partition). This operation is lengthy and risky, so backup your data and grab a good book.


Assuming your kiosk browser is showing a page under your control, add some JS to that page to bind to the keydown event. In your event handler, check if the key(s) pressed match those you want to "block" - and if so call event.preventDefault(). This should stop the browser's default behaviour of closing/exiting.

e.g. (using jQuery):

$(document).keydown(function(e) {
    if(e.keyCode == 27) // if the key is ESC
        e.preventDefault(); // do nothing
});


Lenovo Legion Y720 wifi device not ready. Ubuntu 14.04

Please try adding a driver parameter:

sudo -i
echo "options ath10k_core skip_otp=y" >  /etc/modprobe.d/ath10k_core.conf
exit

Also update the firmware:

wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-firmware/linux-firmware_1.164.1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

Reboot and let us hear the result.


Execute command but singe and double quotations already used

Escape the space.

 sendmail_path = "cat > /home/USERNAME/Documents/XAMPP\ Emails/`date '+%Y-%m-%d - %H-%M-%S'`.eml"


Yes I already installed the apache 2.2, i installed the lamp

I would suggest you to start from scratch, LAMP comes with a pre-configured Apache 2.2 which might be tampering with your current settings, get rid of LAMP and do sudo apt-get install apache2.

Who knows, the error might suddenly be gone!

The error itself mentions a specific configuration file, have you followed the instructions in that file?
You can edit the file with
sudo gedit /etc/apache2/mods-available/dav_svn.conf

If there is nothing to see there or if it's an example, try renaming the file temporarily...

But I bet it has to do with the LAMP installation.


bind9 - unable to resolve external names

ok, lets check this resume: you check the sintaxis of 3 files, named.conf, forward zone file and reverse zone file, have the forwarders in named.conf, you cant query the forwarders in the DNS server (nslookup 8.8.8.8, dig @8.8.8.8 google.com, etc), configure the clients to use this DNS server (by IP address), the server and client are in communication (ping), you have incoming and outgoing traffic by port 53 (default for DNS) between clients and server. i Think that's all.

Named.conf basic file:

options {
        listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.xxx.x; };
        listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        allow-query     { localhost; 192.168.0.0/16; };
        recursion yes;
        Forwarders {
                        208.67.222.123;
                        8.8.8.8;
                        200.35.65.4;
        };
        forward first;
        dnssec-enable no;
        dnssec-validation no;

        /* Path to ISC DLV key */
        bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";

        managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};

logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
        };
};
zone "." IN {
        type hint;
        file "named.ca";
};

include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";

Config for /etc/named.rcf1912.zones

zone "domain.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "forward.domain.com";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone "localhost" IN {
        type master;
        file "named.localhost";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "named.loopback";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone "1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "named.loopback";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone "xxx.xxx.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "reverse.domain.com";
        allow-update { none; };
};

  EDIT: To be clear, the aimed purpose of my NS should be to resolve
  local requests (aka, make me able to contact LAN machines by names),
  but to forward all "internet" requests to a bigger DNS server.

To do this you need to create a entry to every local machine, an address and PTR records and the forwarders would be you "bigger DNS server"


KeyBoard Shortcut for opening terminal from existing directory

Not sure if it still works on Ubuntu, but right clicking in the directory (must be opened on Nautilus) and selecting Open Terminal Here...


Set virtual host for ubuntu on NTFS partition

it worked after changed the following in envvars file
/etc/apache2/envvars

export APACHE_RUN_USER=www-data

export APACHE_RUN_GROUP=www-data

to

export APACHE_RUN_USER=sanket

export APACHE_RUN_GROUP=sanket

Well for subdirectories inside your virtual host adding the following directory permissions worked for me

<Directory /virtualhost/>
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Includes ExecCGI
    AllowOverride All
    Require all granted
    Allow from all
</Directory>

Don't forget to chmod -R 755 on your virtual host directory


Check your laptop BIOS to make sure it will allow you to boot from a flash drive. Maybe have the BIOS check for a flash drive before the HDD.

If your laptop is too old, the BIOS may not allow you to boot from a flash drive.


Make a complete new installation, or upgrade continuously to new releases?

I have upgraded continually since about 8.10 or 8.04, and I'm currently running 11.10. So, it's proof you can upgrade, upgrade, upgrade, and still have a working system.

However, it requires a bit more work to keep doing this. Usually I upgrade manually (using Synaptic), but if you keep your system relatively free of useless applications, you can upgrade using the upgrade-manager and it will remove most of the old stuff (that is, things that are no longer able to work with the system, or that need to be replaced with something new).

However, there is a catch, in that a lot of things can end up remaining installed, but marked as auto-removeable, or as local/obsolete, but they will only go away after you specifically remove them yourself.

Doing a fresh install is advisable if you want a completely clean system each time, and many people do it that way. However, if you want to keep your old applications, then I would not suggest doing that.


The last time I was working with Ubuntu MaaS and using Juju the original examples and documentation suggested that you minimally needed five nodes to spin up OpenStack, as I recall.  What I wanted to do was to put several services onto a bigger computer and then use the many smaller computers to be left over for other things.

I was working through this documentation, for what it's worth.

I was able to re-create the steps a little to target LXC rather than using up the entire node for only one service.

// Start deploying to node 0
* juju deploy --to lxc:0 mysql
 Added charm "cs:trusty/mysql-28" to the environment
* juju deploy --to lxc:0 rabbitmq-server
 Added charm "cs:trusty/rabbitmq-server-34" to the environment
* juju deploy --config=openstack.cfg --to lxc:0 keystone
 Added charm "cs:trusty/keystone-28" to the environment
* juju deploy --config=openstack.cfg --to lxc:0 nova-cloud-controller
 Added charm "cs:trusty/nova-cloud-controller-60" to the environment
...

Doing this, I was able to split the heavy lifting across one or two of the bigger nodes and then leave the rest for nova-compute as I recall.


If it will not boot at all after the install, first go ahead and do the install.

Then, before rebooting or from a live CD, mount the install and make the adjustments.

First mount your Ubuntu partition at /mnt, I am assuming /dev/sda1, adjust accordingly

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

Edit /etc/default/grub in the /mnt partition

gksu gedit /mnt/etc/default/grub

Look for the line with boot options

  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash reboot=bios"

Add in your options

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash reboot=bios acpi=off"

Update grub. Again I am assuming you are installing grub into the first hard drive.

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda


Plex not detecting media on Amazon S3 mounted with S3QL

Be sure to use the --allow-other option when mounting S3QL. The Plex Media Server runs on the plex user, while, by default, mount.s3ql only allows access by the user that mounted the filesystem.

You may also need to modify /etc/fuse.conf to allow other users access, by uncommenting user_allow_other:

sudo nano /etc/fuse.conf

You may also need to add the user mounting S3QL to the fuse group, then logout and login:

sudo adduser USERNAME fuse

Explanation of other mount.s3ql options:
http://www.rath.org/s3ql-docs/mount.html

I run Plex Media Server from a t2.micro instance on Amazon EC2. It's free and works very well.


Include music app options into volume icon

Yes, it's possible:

To set it up:

Install mate-indicator-applet, and indicator-sound-gtk2, using the software center, or using apt-get install mate-indicator-applet indicator-sound-gtk2, if they are not installed yet.
Logout and login again, or reboot (Not sure if this is actually necessary)
Right click on an empty space in the panel, select "add to panel", find "Indicator applet complete", and drag it onto the panel.

If you want to disable the old system tray volume control (which will still be there), go into the "Startup applications" utility (In the control center or in the menu), and uncheck the "Volume control" item (requires a logout / login to take effect).


Run Ubuntu Live from a CD, DVD or USB stick. Choose "Try Ubuntu" and when its loaded run the program "Boot Repair" from there. And fix the Grub..


"Restart to complete updates" message remains after reboot

There is a magic file. If it exists, this signals that a reboot is needed. Its path is:
/var/run/reboot-required

Try to delete that file as root and tell us whether it is possible to delete it.
If it is possible to delete it, check whether the problem is gone.