Deleted windows partition from Ubuntu and now can't boot

The first thing you should do is try to see the actual partitioning of your disk. If your Ubuntu partition is still there, then not all is lost.

So, get an Ubuntu live DVD or USB and boot from it. Then open the Disks application to see what's on your hard disk.

If your Ubuntu partition is still there, then you can install boot-repair and repair Grub.

Open a new Terminal, then type:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update

Press Enter.
Then type: sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (boot-repair &)
Press Enter

Choose the recommended repair option.


I have a problem with hp jet pro m102a on ubuntu 14.04 it doesn't work

Step 1: Download latest hplip drivers from https://developers.hp.com/hp-linux-imaging-and-printing It will take you to download page where you need to choose your distro.

Step 2: Once downloaded, open terminal and type,

$ cd ~/Downloads/
$ chmod +x [downloaded file name].run
$ ./[downloaded file name].run

Step 3: Follow instructions on screen.


Gnome-Shell no longer a login menu selection

Up to what i know there has been several posts about Ubuntu 11.04 not supporting Gnome 3 (Gnome-Shell). Am guessing this is something you will have to deal yourself as a pioneer of this problem and then later tell us about your findings.


Make Ubuntu use AMDGPU instead of LLVMPIPE or AMDGPU-PRO

I am new to Linux but this fixed it and had the same problem with my rx560 boots up to flickering mouse cursor and fixed it by instaling amdgpu install instead amdgpu-pro install in amdgpu-pro driver folder.
Hope it helps if that is what u need.


How do I start chromium-browser in headless mode? extension "RANDR" missing on display ":99"

I did something similar on a non-Ubuntu Linux distro. For testing purposes I will use my HTPC running Ubuntu (14.04) to make sure it works there as well with minimal changes.

Distro Information

htpc@HTPC:[~]:$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS
Release:        14.04
Codename:       trusty

Making sure the display we want to use isn't present yet

htpc@HTPC:[~]:$ DISPLAY=:1 xset q
xset:  unable to open display ":1"

Starting Xvfb

Sudo is not needed. I run it as the same user who also starts the browser.

Xvfb :1 -screen 0 '1280x1024x16' -ac &> /dev/null &

Make sure the display is present and owned by yourself

htpc@HTPC:[~]:$ ls -l /tmp/.X11-unix/X1
srwxrwxrwx 1 htpc htpc 0 Apr 15 11:37 /tmp/.X11-unix/X1

Export current display to the :1 we just created.

We can also add DISPLAY=:1 before every command we want to run on the display. However exporting makes sure this will be saved for the current session so you don't have to provide it for every command.

export DISPLAY=:1

Another check to make sure the screen is present and is working (and also that the export bit is working)

htpc@HTPC:[~]:$ xset q
Keyboard Control:
  auto repeat:  on    key click percent:  0    LED mask:  00000000
  XKB indicators:
    00: Caps Lock:   off    01: Num Lock:    off    02: Scroll Lock: off
    03: Compose:     off    04: Kana:        off    05: Sleep:       off
    06: Suspend:     off    07: Mute:        off    08: Misc:        off
    09: Mail:        off    10: Charging:    off    11: Shift Lock:  off
    12: Group 2:     off    13: Mouse Keys:  off
  auto repeat delay:  660    repeat rate:  25
  auto repeating keys:  00ffffffdffffbbf
                        fadfffefffedffff
                        9fffffffffffffff
                        fff7ffffffffffff
  bell percent:  50    bell pitch:  400    bell duration:  100
Pointer Control:
  acceleration:  2/1    threshold:  4
Screen Saver:
  prefer blanking:  yes    allow exposures:  yes
  timeout:  600    cycle:  600
Colors:
  default colormap:  0x20    BlackPixel:  0x0    WhitePixel:  0xffff
Font Path:
  /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,built-ins
DPMS (Energy Star):
  Display is not capable of DPMS

Extra debugging step

I will be running nc which will print verbosely if Chrome is trying to contact it. So we'll know whether this setup works. Another way is to run a VNC server on the same display and connect to it so you can see what the browser is doing and whether is Chrome is starting up properly. Which I would recommend! Chrome might be giving different errors in the UI which cannot be seen in the console in your case.

htpc@HTPC:[~]:$ echo Testing... | nc -l 9999 -v &
[2] 8416
htpc@HTPC:[~]:$ Listening on [0.0.0.0] (family 0, port 9999)

Time to start Chrome!

htpc@HTPC:[~]:$ google-chrome --disable-gpu 'http://localhost:9999' &
[3] 8512
htpc@HTPC:[~]:$ [8512:8512:0415/115726:ERROR:browser_main_loop.cc(271)] Gtk: Locale not supported by C library.
    Using the fallback 'C' locale.
Xlib:  extension "RANDR" missing on display ":1".
Xlib:  extension "RANDR" missing on display ":1".
Connection from [127.0.0.1] port 9999 [tcp/*] accepted (family 2, sport 40050)
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:9999
Connection: keep-alive
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.75 Safari/537.36
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8

As you can see above the RANDR error it still present, just ignore it. Below it you see the HTTP request done by Chrome (see User-Agent bit) to the nc process we started. Seems Chrome is starting up as expected and visiting the URL provided.

Trying the same with Chromium

htpc@HTPC:[~]:$ chromium-browser --disable-gpu 'http://localhost:9999' &
[3] 13108
htpc@HTPC:[~]:$ Xlib:  extension "RANDR" missing on display ":1".
Xlib:  extension "RANDR" missing on display ":1".
[13108:13108:0415/145854:ERROR:logging.h(813)] Failed to call method: org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager.GetManagedObjects: object_path= /: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnknownMethod: Method "GetManagedObjects" with signature "" on interface "org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager" doesn't exist

Connection from [127.0.0.1] port 9999 [tcp/*] accepted (family 2, sport 40542)
[13108:13108:0415/145854:ERROR:logging.h(813)] Failed to call method: org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager.GetManagedObjects: object_path= /: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnknownMethod: Method "GetManagedObjects" with signature "" on interface "org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager" doesn't exist

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:9999
Connection: keep-alive
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Ubuntu Chromium/49.0.2623.108 Chrome/49.0.2623.108 Safari/537.36
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8

Doing the same has pretty much the same effect, with some other additional warnings. The User-Agent is Chromium as expected.

Extra

If you want to keep it all running do not forget to issue the disown command per process and keep them running in the background to make sure that they are not killed when you logout. See http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-disown-command-examples-usage-syntax/ for more info about disown.


how to upgrade python setuptools > 12.2 on ubuntu 15.04

Remove the repository version

sudo apt-get remove python-setuptools

If necessary, install pip again

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
sudo -H python get-pip.py

Install setuptools via pip

sudo -H pip install -U pip setuptools

And now, start you test again

% python
Python 2.7.9 (default, Apr  2 2015, 15:33:21)
[GCC 4.9.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pkg_resources
>>> r = pkg_resources.require(["setuptools"])[0]
>>> print("setuptools version: %s" % r.version)
setuptools version: 18.3.2

Note

Installing any package that depends on either python-setuptools or python-pip will bring these packages back, so you may have to repeat this procedure!


How do I set up Ubuntu to boot by default in dual boot?

You need to edit the file /etc/default/grub.

gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

The default entry is determined by the GRUB_DEFAULT= setting in this file. The first menuentry has a value of 0. If Ubuntu is the second entry in the boot screen then set GRUB_DEFAULT=1.

Afterwards you need to run this command:

sudo update-grub

For further information see this article on help.ubuntu.com


Edit:

You might want to remove what you installed because that might conflict whith what eclipse want's to pull down.

Why on earth would you want to run netbeans on a linux. Netbeans is primarily designed for windows, and while they "support" linux (according to them) that stuff dosen't really works.

My recommendation to you is to use eclipse instead. In a terminal run:

apt-get install eclipse

And this will download everything needed for java development. (Also on a personal note: Eclipse's workspace management makes more sense than netbeans'.)


How to automatically mount drives after boot?

Ok so after lots of reading:

Since Ubuntu 15.04, fstab entries are converted into systemd units  (*.mount files found under /run/systemd/generator) by systemd-fstab-generator and are then mounted in no particular order, which is why mine was failing.

However systemd supports dependencies, and these can be specified using the fstab option x-systemd.requires.

  x-systemd.requires=
  Configures a Requires= and an After= dependency
  between the created mount unit and another systemd unit, such as a
  device or mount unit. The argument should be a unit name, or an
  absolute path to a device node or mount point. This option may be
  specified more than once. This option is particularly useful for mount
  point declarations that need an additional device to be around (such
  as an external journal device for journal file systems) or an
  additional mount to be in place (such as an overlay file system that
  merges multiple mount points). See After= and Requires= in
  systemd.unit(5) for details.

So for each prerequisite mount, you add a separate entry to the fstab mount, and it understands path names:

x-systemd.requires=/mnt/XP,x-systemd.requires=/mnt/NTFS_3TB,...

In my first attempt, I left out a /mnt/ and my computer refused to boot and became read-only. ಠ_ಠ  To prevent this, you should also add nofail.  This makes the mount point a "want" for local-fs.target instead of a "requires", so the computer will still boot if it fails.

Then when you do mount -a it will complain about

fuse: unknown option `nofail'

but it still works anyway.  ಠ_ಠ

Here's my complete fstab line, which has worked every time since I changed it:

/mnt/EXT4_backup/drivepool:/mnt/WIN7_BACKUP/drivepool:/mnt/XP/drivepool:/mnt/NTFS_3TB/drivepool /mnt/drivepool fuse.mergerfs nofail,defaults,allow_other,minfreespace=100M,x-systemd.requires=/mnt/XP,x-systemd.requires=/mnt/NTFS_3TB,x-systemd.requires=/mnt/EXT4_backup,x-systemd.requires=/mnt/WIN7_BACKUP 0 0


Can I implement tab autocomplete in a bash script?

Surprisingly (for me), read does simple file / folder autocomplete with the -e option.

To use it in your example (I've noted my changes)

echo  "Enter name of file to be tagged:"

cd ~/Downloads      ## cd to Downloads folder for autocomplete

read -e FileName

FileFindTest="$(find ~/Downloads/"$FileName")"  ## quoted

echo "$FileFindTest"

In this case, when asking for input it will autocomplete files/folder in your Downloads folder.

Example, suppose you have the following files in your Downloads folder:

~/Downloads
│
├───Pop/
│   └───PopSong.mp3
├───Song1.mp3
└───Song5.mp3

Then when you will have the following results (pressing Tab when <TAB> is shown)

P<TAB>
Pop/

S<TAB>
Song1.mp3 Song5.mp3

PopSong.mp3<TAB>
# (nothing found here, as it's searching in Downloads/ only not Pop/)

Pop/P<TAB>
PopSong.mp3


To change master volume you must click on the sound icon in the top right. The reason why nothing appears in the output section could be a defect in the speakers, the motherboard, or Ubuntu itself.


Installing Ubuntu on Acer Aspire One D150-1Bb

It is better to install Ubuntu into separate partition for that create two logical partition in windows, one for ubuntu os and other is swap partition(size should be at-least your ram memory size eg: if you have 1GB ram create swap with 1GB or 2GB) and you can install into your created partition for ubuntu by selecting "something else" during installation(very important)

Here is how to install step by step it works for any version of ubuntu http://www.techspot.com/community/topics/step-by-step-beginners-guide-to-installing-ubuntu-11-10.172128/


Ubuntu 14.04 Bluetooth adapter not found

Your problem might be related to this other question

Try disabling USB 3.0 at the BIOS, and then try again. In the BIOS, the option will probably say something about "xHCI", which is another way of calling USB 3.0.


As for creating a new panel plugin for Xfce, see https://wiki.xfce.org/dev/howto/panel_plugins
and
https://ecc-comp.blogspot.fi/2015/02/a-simple-tutorial-for-xfce-panel-plugin.html?m=1


How to go to a specific line number in gedit, using guake?

If you have a look at man gedit, it says the syntax is this:

gedit [OPTION...] [FILE...] [+LINE[:COLUMN]]

I don't know how exactly your Guake settings need to be formatted (I'm especially confused by the two "s"), but the command which gets finally run should look like this to e.g. open FILE at line 42:

gedit /PATH/TO/FILE +42


How to install a decent bug tracker on a Ubuntu server?

I guess you are lucky, I found one. But it doesn't look that easy. I never used it, but it seems to fit your requirements.

It's called fossil

sudo aptitude install fossil

I also found a "top ten" page from a user, which might be of use.


It's in the "Examples" session. It's an example. It shows how you could add a default gateway. Supposedly you have a computer named mango-gw which you want to use as the default gateway. You could as well ask what's the purpose of specifying 192.57.66.0 in the example for route add -net a few lines down.


Where are 'wine' program execution logs stored?

The wine run logs are hidden typically, they're not stored anywhere.

To get the Wine logs for a specific executable, you need to run it via the terminal with the wine command.

wine /path/to/program.exe

Note you need the full path here, or you need to first cd into the directory where the .exe is stored.


Remove ugly fat bazel from gnome-terminal with multiple-tabs

After some messing around, I figured it out.

Edit /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/apps/gnome-terminal.css and add:

 TerminalWindow .notebook {
   padding: 0;
   border-width: 0;
 }

Bug found on this: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-terminal/+bug/694468


If you look at the source package page of cairo-dock you'll get the list of packages to remove.
To fully remove this application you need to type the following command in a terminal:

sudo apt-get purge cairo-dock cairo-dock-core cairo-dock-data libgldi-dev libgldi3

Note:
cairo-dock-session is provided by the cairo-dock-data package (see this query on packages.ubuntu.com)


Virtualbox guest additions installed but not working - version conflict

I also had not working Guest additions. I could boot guest Kubuntu 12.04, but resolution was only 1024x720. The option Auto-resize Guest Display was greyed out too.

I had an error - "consolerc is readonly" when I tried to launch it. I noticed that consolerc file was own by root. chown myuser:myuser did not solve the problem. It was fall back to root again. So I decided to create new user.

sudo adduser newuser

sudo usermod -aG adm,sudo newuser

And it solved everything! Now I have all screen resolutions available in my guest OS. And even better - resolution changes automatically when I stretch guest OS Window, so it looks perfect. And I have no more errors related to ownership of config files.


Are you sure you Dropbox is starting with the system?

On the terminal type:

dropbox start

It should appear the Dropbox icon on the top right corner;

Click on the Dropbox icon and choose 'preferences';
On the 'General' tab, there is the option 'Start Dropbox on system startup'


Is there a version of Ubuntu that is compatible with a windows 8 Digiland Tablet PC

Both Ubuntu 32-bit and Ubuntu 64-bit (desktop / server, in any flavour) will run on your tablet, however your tablet's specifications are a little low (an I'd guess the graphic card, which is another important piece of hardware to take into account, is either low-end or integrated).

I'd suggest you to install a lightweight version of Ubuntu such as Lubuntu Desktop 14.04.2 LTS 64-bit (which is the current long-term-support release and which will be supported with updates until about mid-2017) or Lubuntu Desktop 15.04 64-bit (which is the latest release and which will be supported with updates until about early 2016).

As the welcome excerpt states on Lubuntu's home page:

  Lubuntu is targeted at PC and laptop users running on low-spec hardware that, in most cases, just don't have enough resources for all the bells and whistles of the "full-featured" mainstream distributions.


Ubuntu Image Background breaking after build LiveCD

Try renaming your custom image to the original image's filename.  For example, if the original was blahblah.png save your image as blahblah.png with the same exact permissions.

That should do the trick without any additional hacking.


How to Add a Monochrome Spotify Indicator Icon?

Unlike solutions posted elsewhere, you do not need to download an icon from the Internet.  This solution creates an appropriately sized monochrome icon from the existing Spotify indicator icon already installed on your system.

Here is a picture of the new monochrome Spotify indicator icon.

Create Monochrome Icon

Make a backup of the original resources.zip file, which contains the Spotify indicator icon.

sudo cp /opt/spotify/spotify-client/Data/resources.zip /opt/spotify/spotify-client/Data/resources.zip.original

Extract the Spotify indicator icon to modify it.

unzip /opt/spotify/spotify-client/Data/resources.zip _linux/spotify-linux-512.png

Install and check your version of ImagicMagick.

We will use ImagicMagick to create the monochrome icon.  With ImagicMagick version 6.8.4.x, there was a  major change in the way ImagicMagick treats grayscale images.

sudo apt-get install imagemagick
convert --version | grep Version

Create the new monochrome Spotify icon.

For ImagicMagick version < 6.8.4.x, do the following.  If you are using Ubuntu 14.10, you will have ImagicMagick version 6.7.7-10.

convert _linux/spotify-linux-512.png -resize 448x448 -background transparent -extent 512x512-32-32 -colorspace gray -sigmoidal-contrast 10,19% _linux/spotify-linux-512.png

For ImagicMagick version => 6.8.4.x, do the following.  If you are using Ubuntu 15.04, you will have ImagicMagick version 6.8.9-9 or higher.

convert _linux/spotify-linux-512.png -resize 448x448 -background transparent -extent 512x512-32-32 -colorspace gray -sigmoidal-contrast 10,50% _linux/spotify-linux-512.png

Update Spotify with the new monochrome icon.

sudo zip /opt/spotify/spotify-client/Data/resources.zip _linux/spotify-linux-512.png

If Spotify is already running, exit Sotify and restart it for the new icon to become available.
Remove working files.

rm -rf _linux

Undo Changes

To revert to the original color Spotify indicator icon, execute the following.

sudo cp /opt/spotify/spotify-client/Data/resources.zip.original /opt/spotify/spotify-client/Data/resources.zip

Software Updates

Whenever you update Spotify, the custom icon will be overwritten, so simply perform steps 1 thru 6 to recreate the monochrome indicator icon.


A solution for this might be, to install "tasksel"

  sudo apt-get install tasksel

starting it as root

  sudo tasksel

and then choosing your desktop enviroment from there.


TTY startx runs different GUI than graphical.target

You don't need to modify GRUB configuration .
To change the current default target :
systemctl set-default multi-user.target

To get the current default target :
systemctl get-default
graphical.target

Now what you can do when you are in text/tty mode , you can start the graphical target by doing this :
sudo systemctl isolate graphical.target

And you will have the graphical login that will display .
If you need to go back to text/tty mode
sudo systemctl isolate multi-user.target


Unity Launcher entry with "=" in the command

Change the line to

Exec=bash -c 'LC_ALL=C meshlab'

This will run the command in quotes in an own bash session, where multiple commands as well as changing environment variables is possible.


Error message when compiling Latex in Ubuntu

In 15.10 and later you need to install the package texlive-latex-recommended instead of texlive-humanities.

On http://packages.ubuntu.com/ you can search for packages containing some file.


Vijay's comment fixed my problem. Thank you Vijay.

The answer is here.

That particular error message may indicate that you have held packages, but it may also indicate a different problem.

You can get a list of actual held packages with:

dpkg --get-selections | grep hold

If there are none, or none look related, then it's probably something else. Check carefully the output of the command you were trying when you got the error message, as there may be other clues in the full output from that command, aside from the error message.

Another method of troubleshooting may be to use aptitude rather than apt-get to try to install your package:

sudo aptitude install gcc

Aptitude will give up less easily, and will attempt to find solutions which may involve modifying other packages. It may give you more explanation of the problem and options for fixing it.

Occasionally aptitude will be too eager to remove or downgrade large numbers of packages to satisfy your request, in which case retrying with -f changes its priorities and helps it come up with solutions that involve removing/downgrading fewer packages even if it means not all changes you requested can go ahead:

sudo aptitude -f install gcc

The last two options fixed my problem, i hope that it helps someone else too.


Ubuntu 10.04.4 is asking for username and password during the instalation. Why?

This would be your username and password - whatever you want them to be.  One of the things that make Linux/Ubuntu more secure is the requirement to have a username and password by default so that not just any rogue trojan or user on the other side of the world can install programs on your computer.

It's a feature, not a bug.


To install ubuntu on a external HDD/pendrive(more than 4Gb) you can either use the method explained by @Liang or proceed just as you would for a normal installation but partitioning the pendrive as you would with your internal HDD and choosing to install the bootloader to your pendrive (not internal hdd).

Yes, you can boot from any computer which bios allows booting from USB.

I did this 2 years ago with a 32Gb pendrive and I have a couple of advices:

You should be careful with installing proprietary drivers, they might not be well accepted when you boot from an other computer.
Be careful with updates. When I was using this, I did some updates that erased my grub from the usb and installed the new version in the internal HDD. I don't remember all the details about this but it messed up all my pendrive, specialy because I didn't know what I was doing when trying to fixed it. So my advice is, if you need updates, remove your internal HDD.


Why do I get "No root file system is defined" when I try install in one partition?

The complaining is that you have not defined which will be the "/" (= root partition).

Look at this image and pay attention at the "Mount Point":


no brightness control on macbookpro 7.1 Ubuntu 12.04

This is probably a duplicate of another question.

I have brightness problems as well and have not yet found a solution, but are you sure you've checked the many other brightness questions on here before posting your question?  for example did you try the following:

Unable to change brightness in a Lenovo laptop

% Note that since that question was for a lenovo, instead of "acpi_video0" yours will probably be "apple_backlight" - but check first as specified in that link.

If that doesn't work there are a number of other suggested fixes on the boards.

And - I know this is kind of a stupid question - but when you say you couldn't modify xorg.cong, you did use the command "sudo gedit [path]" to give yourself root access...right?  If you still don't have permission then you've probably somehow messed up your write permissions and will need to use chmod to return write permission to those folders: which info is also available in responses to other questions.


As a reference to myself in the future, I fixed it like that:

I switched to unity-greeter and run

sudo xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm
sudo su lightdm -s /bin/bash
gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter icon-theme-name ubuntu-mono-dark

And I have a nice icon set.


Is combinining more than one gsettings options for click-action on Ubuntu dock possible?

Update: On newer versions of Ubuntu dock, this feature can be turned on by simply running the following command in Terminal:
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock click-action 'minimize-or-previews'

Original answer:
No, it's not possible (yet). Dash to Dock developers did implement a 'minimize-or-previews' action in version 63, but this version is not available in the official site yet and Ubuntu dock being a fork of Dash to Dock also doesn't support the action yet.
But you can set one action to mouse click and another to Shift+mouse-click as an alternative. For example, run
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock click-action 'minimize'

to set 'minimize' action to mouse-click. Then run
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock shift-click-action 'previews'

to set 'previews' action to Shift+mouse-click.


rsync without deleting between 2 folders

You can you this command

if [ -n "$(rsync -anv --delete dir1/ dir2/ | grep deleting)" ]; then \
    rsync -av dir2/ dir1/; else rsync -av dir1/ dir2/; fi


How to set forwarders on MAAS Bind9 + openstack-install

1) Could be a possible bug, the MAAS UI should support multiple entries.

2) You'll need to make your changes within /etc/bind/maas/named.conf* as those files are included into the top level named options.


Using LVM, how can I tell which logical volume is near full?

From the data you provided, the size of your logical volumes is as follows:

partition     :     size :       filesystem size

/dev/nvaws/home :   60  :         60

/dev/nvaws/usr   :  40 :          20

/dev/nvaws/db     : 5:            5

this looks ok, although you can extend your /usr filesystem if you need, to fill the lv.

the area that is causing the errors is none of the logical volumes but your root partition, which is the / directory (raid device md0)

This is 5.7gb in size (see first line of output of df command), and is 94% full. The / partition contains kernel files for booting (in /boot), config files (in /etc) and various log files in /var.

You must extend this / partition or reduce the usage -
You must either extend this partition, or run tools to discover if there is anything than can be safely removed.
I would start with removing old kernel files no longer required since these can be rather large (use ubuntu tweak application to do this), and also check size of logfiles in /var by running du -ksh /var/*

You may have lots of package files lying around as a result of software centre downloads. Ubuntu tweak - package cleaner will also help with clearing the cache.


keyboard layout switching doesn't work properly in gnome 3.

I have same problem. Solved executing from command line the following After login:

$ setxkbmap -option "grp:caps_toggle,grp_led:scroll,compose:ralt" -layout es

(In this sample I set the layout to my natural language es)

I set this command as a default starting application when gnome starts.

Hope this helps.


Why do I loose storage space with persistent usb stick?

Rufus developer here.

Please be very mindful that persistent storage in Rufus is still flagged as EXPERIMENTAL (it was only added very recently, and both the web site and the Changelog try to make it clear that this is an experimental feature), which means that there might be some elements that need to be finalized and bugs that need to be fixed.

Especially, we seem to have an issue where the amount of free space seems to decrease a lot more than it should when writing data, similar to what you described above.

We are trying to find the time to fix this, but this seems to be a complex issue, that requires us to become very familiar with the intrinsics of the ext2/ext3 file systems, so it is likely to take a bit longer before we can do so.

In the meantime, we advise you to run e2fsck on the persistent partition and be mindful that features that are flagged EXPERIMENTAL may not be entirely finalized yet.


There is a plugin called "ghost" which allows you do to this in compiz (if you are using compiz). I haven't tested it for a while though.

This plugin is supposed to allow you to make a window unclickable (a "ghost" of sorts).


Set the  WIFI country code for the Kernels current regulatory domain if it isn't set

iw reg get

To set it

sudo nano /etc/default/crda
REGDOMAIN=<ISOCODE>

Reboot.


What is the difference between a desktop environment and a window manager?

The window manager manages your windows. It puts the window decoration around the contents including the buttons to minimize or close. It allows resizing and moving the windows around, decides which window is on top.
Metacity and Compiz are two examples from today, twm and fvwm might be remembered by old people like me.

A desktop environment gives you an overall user experience. It has the panels, the system menus, the starters, the status applets. It needs a window manager, of course, to manage the windows. It might offer a default file explorer and viewer. To streamline, it might even contain default editor, terminal program, or even e-mailer, all made to look alike and work together.
GNOME, XFCE and KDE are the best known at the moment.


To check if a port is already used, you can use lsof:

↳ lsof -i :1723
COMMAND   PID    USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
netcat  31521  mikael    3u  IPv4 374307      0t0  UDP *:1723

In the above example, I just started nc to listen for UDP connections on port 1723.

You can also get information about a process listening on a port with netstat:

↳ sudo netstat -lptun | grep ":1723"
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:1723        0.0.0.0:*                31729/netcat

So you need to figure out what service is already using 1723 and probably consider using a different port for pptpd.


How to configure wpa_supplicant in Ubuntu server 20.04

It is not necessary to manually configure wpa_supplicant.

Networking in recent Ubuntu server versions is managed by netplan. Check to see the name of your netplan file:

ls /etc/netplan

I will assume that the name of the file you found is 01-netcfg.yaml. Substitute your details here if not 01-netcfg.yaml.

We will amend the file to specify your details:

sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml

Change the file to read:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  wifis:
    wlx-----:
      dhcp4: yes
      dhcp6: yes
      access-points:
        "network_ssid_name":
          password: "**********"

Please substitute your wireless interface name here instead of wlx----. Please note that the access point name and password are enclosed in quotation marks ". Spacing, indentation, etc. are crucial, please proofread carefully twice.

Save (Ctrl+o followed by Enter) and exit (Ctrl+x) the text editor nano. Follow with:

sudo netplan generate
sudo netplan apply

If you instead prefer a static IP address for the server, you can find the template here:

cat /usr/share/doc/netplan/examples/wireless.yaml


What is the best 3D modeling and design program?

Blender

Blender is the best free and open source 3D modelling program out there by a long shot!
The program is under constant development, has a huge community and has been used in many major films for video editing and 3D concepts. As Said before blender has new builds being uploaded hourly at graphicall.org and you can download all the official stable, aplha and beta versions of the program at belnder.org.
The community is friendly and welcoming and you can fit right in at sites suchs as blenderartist.org, blendernation and blenderguru (great website for tutorials.
I myself have been using the program for about six years now, and have used it for both personal and commercial projects: These can be seen at (sixthlaw3d.wordpress.com).
To see the quality of what can be produced using blender, watch Elephants Dream, Big Buck Bunny and Sintel. All were created using blender, and other free software on Ubuntu.
The program has a brilliant set of tools, and the development team are constantly making improvements on the software to keep it cutting edge and competitive.
This is a very, very short summary of this awesome program but check out it in more detail in the above links :)
Happy blendering!:)


Can't connect to specific WiFi with 13.04

Looks like this hardware has some problem with N configuration in wi-fi.

Please try:

    sudo modprobe -r iwlwifi
    sudo modprobe iwlwifi 11n_disable=1

Now try to reconnect, if it helps follow below steps

Look into /etc/modprobe.d whether there are any file like intel-5100-iwlwifi-disable11n.conf then edit the file

sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/<filename_here>

Edit the line that says

options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1

to

options iwlwifi 11n_disable=0

Save and reboot.

If no file exists, create a new file

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf

Add a new line:

options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1

Save and reboot.

Possibly related :

No Wireless N on Intel 5100

Wireless will not work with an Intel 5100 wireless card


VirtualHost files are located at:

/etc/apache2/sites-available/

If you are still using the default VirtualHost file, you will need to edit

/etc/apache2/sites-available/default.conf

If the previous file was not available, it might be called

/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

The line should be added anywhere between the two tags

<VirtualHost *:80>
</VirtualHost>

But not inside the <Directory> tags.

The safest place to put it is directly before the closing of the </VirtualHost> tag.

Don't forget to restart/reload apache after editing the file

sudo apache2ctl restart


Graphically Digikam can do that.

For the command line you can use findimagedupes.

The simple command to find recursively and report similar images is findimagedupes -R ~/Pictures.


You have downloaded an image of a ready made virtual machine for use in Virtual  Box. Such an image may save you some time with installing and configuring but this advantage is of short sight. It is not really recommended to so so (for reasons outlined here).

Only after you had installed Ubuntu by yourself (which should not take much time) you will be sure that drives, permissions, and installed applications will meet your needs. A fresh installation of Ubuntu will be "ready to go". You will find all applications needed for first steps to configure your server. Additional applications can quickly be downloaded from the Ubuntu repositories.

You can download the unmodified original CD-ROM .iso file for installation of Ubuntu 10.04 server in Virtual Box here:

Ubuntu Old Releases 10.04

Note that the support for 10.04 server edition will end in April 2015. In case you need a support longer than this (April 2017) you may want to consider to download the much more up to date long term release Ubuntu 12.04 LTS from:

Ubuntu Releases: 12.04


Add PPA with Xubuntu packages to Ubuntu 12.04

Yes, you shouldn't have any problems using that PPA and installing packages from it.

Please note that the PPA contains XFCE 4.10, which isn't supported on Ubuntu 12.04, so you will essentially be beta-testing software with the bugs, etc. which accompany it. Put simply: the PPA will work, but the packages may not! :)


Disable desktop switching with the scroll wheel in Kubuntu?

This is an annoying feature, especially when you have to use the Touchpad. I think you are talking about the feature that change the screen when you scroll the wheel over the pager (widget that shows the desktops, it is plasmoid).
You only have to comment a couple of lines in the following configuration file:
/usr/share/plasma/plasmoids/org.kde.plasma.pager/contents/ui/main.qml

more or less in the line 185 you have to comment this block of code:

MouseArea {
    id: desktopMouseArea
    anchors.fill: parent
    onClicked: pager.changeDesktop(desktopId);
    /*
    onWheel: {
        if (wheel.angleDelta.y > 0 || wheel.angleDelta.x > 0) {
            pager.changeDesktop((repeater.count + pager.currentDesktop - 2) % repeater.count)
        } else {
            pager.changeDesktop(pager.currentDesktop % repeater.count)
        }
    }*/
}


Live USB error "you need to load the kernel first"

If you get to a grub prompt, it means that grub can't find the boot files that it expects. The sequence of commands to load the files and boot when grub doesn't do that for you goes something like this. First, find all partitions that grub sees:

grub> ls
(hd0) (hd0,msdos2) (hd0,msdos1)

This lists disks and partitions on the disks. One of these partitions holds your Linux system. Say it is (hd0,1). Then do:

grub> set root=(hd0,1)
grub> linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-45-generic root=/dev/sda1

Replace (hd0,1), the version number and the partition (/dev/sda1) by what is valid for your system. In the case of vmlinuz you can just type vmlinuz- and press Tab.

grub> initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic

The version string should be identical to the one for vmlinuz.

grub> boot

should now boot up your system.


Default terminal text and background both black

the gnome-terminal settings are stored in

~/.gconf/apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/

either delete that folder (will reset to defaults on next start of the terminal program) or edit the files with your favourite text editor.


How can I restore my boot screen in ubuntu 12.04?

Found a solution here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1989879

sudo update-alternatives --config default.plymouth

sudo update-initramfs -u

Had to restart a couple of times, but all reset.


Most floppy disk drives do not detect a media change. Some try to emulate this behaviour by watching for a signal change on the write protection photoelectric sensor, but this would not work in all cases.

Floppy disc drives that can detect media changes normally do have an electrical ejection system and no mechanical button to do so. These systems can do the trick you like to have but these are rare. And, well, you would be clicking "unmount" anyway, the difference would be the disc being ejected ;)

BTW: it is no good idea to manually eject the floppy from the drive before logically unmounting it in the operation system as there might be unwritten buffers, software might have open files etc.


As @ThomasW. said

  we see a PPA 404 stating the PPAs 404 on Debian Wheezy checks to try
  and find Debian packages.

Debian Wheezy is off-topic here.

Therefore the following solutions only works with Ubuntu systems

There is no problem. The PPA is added and the public key is imported.

Update the package information

sudo apt-get update

Install inkscape with

sudo apt-get install inkscape

Or upgrade your system if inkscape is already installed

sudo apt-get upgrade


/etc/hosts should remain as it is.
Delete /etc/resolv.conf, make it a symlink to /run/resolvconf/resolv.conf and run resolvconf -u.
Delete the entry for eth0 from /etc/network/interfaces.

It looks like you don't have any iptables rules to be worried about.


Anthy and Mozc works on launcher but anywhere else (ubuntu 14.04)

I took these steps on a clean Ubuntu 14.04.1 install:

Installed Japanese via Language Support.
Installed ibus-mozc via Ubuntu Software Center.
Logged out and logged in again.
Added Japanese (Anthy) and Japanese (Mozc) from System Settings -> Text Entry.

After that I can open e.g. gedit, select Anthy or Mozc from the input source indicator, and type beautiful characters. :)


I too faced this issue long back when I was working on dual-boot mode. However, my issue was resolved when I updated my Video card.

So, I would recommend you do the same. Just check your video card and update it (if there's an update available). Most probably, your problem would be resolved. Let us know via comments section.


Adding grouped icons to favorite bar in Ubuntu 18.04

It seems there isn't any way right now. But you can try an extremely hacky trick following the steps below.

Create a new file called app-folder.desktop in your ~/.local/share/applications/ directory and open it with a text editor.
Add the following lines and save the file.

[Desktop Entry]
Name=App folder
Comment=Launch multiple apps from a single launcher
Exec=notify-send "Right click" "to launch your favourite applications!"
Icon=/full/path/to/your/icon-file
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Actions=app1;app2;app3;

[Desktop Action app1]
Name=Files
Exec=nautilus
[Desktop Action app2]
Name=Text Editor
Exec=gedit
[Desktop Action app3]
Name=Terminal
Exec=gnome-terminal

Note that I'm adding only three applications - Files, Text Editor, and Terminal. You can add applications of your choice following the scheme above.
Re-login just to be sure.

Now search for "App folder" in Activities overview, it should appear. Right click on it and "add to favourites" to pin it to the Ubuntu dock. Then if you click on the icon you should see a pop-up notification saying

  Right click
  to launch your favourite applications!

If you right click on it you should see the name of the applications. Click on one, it should launch the corresponding application.


How can I enable hibernation for a HP EliteDesk 800 G1 TWR machine?

Maybe this post is an answer to your question, with two possibilities (TuxOnIce and uswusp):  Problem with Hibernation


Can I unencrypt a specific directory under home directory while the entire home directory is encrypted?

I don't know a way to do exactly what you ask;  but you could create a folder elsewhere and mount it within your home folder, which would solve the problem.

I do this with à second hdd, mounted as '/home/mark/media', so as not to fill my ssd with photos & music.

For example,  create a folder in

/media/example
and mount it by adding a link

ln /media/example /home/mark/example

This will then persist over reboots.  If it's a while partition it's better to add it to fstab


Worse compiz performance in Ubuntu 14.04LTS

I was also experiencing these exact same symptoms and finally decided to do a little diving into my dotfiles and found the solution by systematic process of elimination.

In my case, it turns out that something had gone wrong with the files stored in my compiz configuration cache.

Simply deleting the directory and relogging solved my graphics issues:

$ rm ~/.cache/compizconfig-1

the cache will be automatically rebuilt (correctly) upon login.


I would argue the industry standard for PDF tables extraction is Tabula

https://github.com/tabulapdf/tabula


are you installing eclipse from ubuntu repository? or download from eclipse?

IMHO you need install eclipse manually.

first you install subversion :

sudo apt-get install subversion

if you want to install subversion plugin for eclipse, you can install using menu Help -> Install New Software choose Helios or Galileo :

choose Collaboration and select Subversive :


How do I disable workspaces in Enlightenment?

To disable edge flipping:

open the Settings panel
tab Input
select Edge Bindings.

You can disable all the edge bindings there.
More here on this. From the link:

The Edge Bindings Settings dialog box
To open this dialog box, go to Main menu > Settings > All > Input > Edge Bindings. It is similar to the Key Bindings dialog box shown above, with the same Action Pane contents at the right, but edge bindings listed at the left. By default no edge bindings have been set, so the left pane is empty. You can set up to eight edge bindings – one for each edge and one for each corner.


I have USB 3 working now. Disabling hardware IOMMU in the UEFI and enabling software IOMMU in grub is what made it work. To do this I followed these directions:
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2111223&page=4

Before I buy anymore boards from Gigabyte, or any other manufacturer, I am going to find out which of them have fully functional IOMMU, most especially in regard to USB 3.0, and consider only those for purchase.

Thank you everyone for your help :)


Luks container isn't unlocked before trying to mount root

update-initramfs -u -k all

This solved it for me.


Incidentally removed lightdm - how to get it back?

First, press CTRL-ALT-F1 which should bring up a login prompt.

Login, and then

sudo -i
apt-get install lightdm

Once that completes, CTRL-ALT-F7 should bring you to a now working lightdm.


How could I install Ubuntu in UEFI mode?

First, are you saying that this is what happens after you select the boot option in GRUB, or that GRUB itself looks this way?

That looks like a video firmware or driver bug to me. I have several suggestions, but none is a sure-fire solution:

Post more details about your computer's video hardware. Post the computer's make and model, its video chipset(s), and any other relevant details (such as how it's connected to an external monitor, if it's a desktop). This may enable somebody with relevant knowledge to give you more specific advice.
Try issuing video-related kernel options in GRUB (or whatever boot manager/boot loader you're using). The "nomodeset" option is often recommended, but others that are more specific to your video card may be more appropriate. (Obviously this is possible only if the video problem appears after you select the boot option in GRUB.)
Try installing in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode and then switch the boot mode to EFI by installing an EFI boot loader. (See here for information on several and generic installation instructions.) Both types of boot loader can coexist on one system, so it's possible to hobble along for a while with a BIOS/CSM/legacy-mode installation while you test your EFI boot loaders and related options.
Adjust your boot loader's EFI video mode. There are GRUB commands for doing this, but I don't recall what they are offhand. (You'd need to adjust grub.cfg on your installation medium to change the boot mode.) In rEFInd, you'd use the resolution option in refind.conf -- but of course you'll only be able to do this if you switch to rEFInd. Using rEFInd is relatively easy to do once Linux is installed, but getting rEFInd to boot the Ubuntu installer is much trickier.
Try using another monitor, at least for installation. If your computer is a laptop, many of them do support external monitors, so you could try plugging one in temporarily.


Ubuntu (15.10, 16.04, 16.10) freezes on resume from suspend (only on battery)

You may want to try turning off power management for your wireless interface

How can I prevent iwconfig power management from being turned on?


Cannot play Blu-Ray discs with VLC, Getting the error 'BD+ decoding library does not work'

The answer could be a little late, but may be helpful for other ones.
I found it at https://forum.doom9.org/showthread.php?t=170068. I had the same problem, so I just tried it successfully.

You need the file https://forum.doom9.org/attachment.php?attachmentid=13985&d=1390515451. It is called your missing "configuration", but is in fact a set of keys.
Places the files from the zip file in the ~/.config/bdplus/vm0 folder. Create if it is not there. (~ is your home path.)

Terminal solution:

wget -O /tmp/vm0.zip 'https://forum.doom9.org/attachment.php?attachmentid=13985&d=1390515451'
mkdir -p ~/.config/bdplus
unzip /tmp/vm0.zip -d ~/.config/bdplus


You created the folder /media/home during the move operation, as a temporary location on where to mount the destination partition for your home. Now, it is an empty mountpoint and can be safely deleted.
The folder /media/your_username is a folder created by the Ubuntu system. Removable drives that are plugged by a user are automatically mounted in an automatically created folder under /media/your_username, and deleted when the drive is unmounted. Leave that folder there.


Remove MySQL Ubuntu 16.04 all solutions have failed

It looks like there is an error while configuring mysql-common, and that causes a dependency problem that results in mysql-client-5.7 failing to be removed.

The configuration error is error: alternative path /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback doesn't exist, so naturally i'd try to create that path by running sudo touch /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback

After that running sudo dpkg-reconfigure mysql-common will reveal if the error is resolved, if it is, you can likely remove mysql now using sudo apt-get purge mysql*

If this did not help, please provide the output/errors of these commands so that me and others can determine the problem further.


How can I install VeraCrypt on Ubuntu 18.04?

Unpack the archive:

tar jxf veracrypt-1.23-setup.tar.bz2

Run the installation:

./veracrypt-1.23-setup-gui-x64


Ubuntu 18.04 Ethernet Connection cutting off randomly after update from Ubuntu 17.10

It's very possible the issue resides outside of your Ubuntu machine. I've had this issue in the past and it ended up being a faulty port on my switch. Here's a few things you can try on that tangent:

Replace the Ethernet cable/make sure it's the correct cable for gigabit (Cat5e, Cat6).
Check other devices on your network for similar issues. If they are experiencing the same problem, it's likely the fault of either a switch or your router, depending on how your network is laid out.
Look at the output of ifconfig -a after the computer has been running for a couple hours. Check for any of the error categories: dropped, overruns, collisions, etc. These typically won't show up immediately after boot unless the problem is really prominent. Each of these categories indicates something going wrong (except collisions if your computer is connected to a hub) with a different aspect of your computer's connection.
Plug your Ubuntu machine into another port on your switch/router. Try to duplicate the problem.


How can I add a line parameter like -opengl on World of Warcraft in PlayOnLinux?

Go to your World of Warcraft wine drive folder, go to the WTF folder and then edit your config.wtf file and add this line at the end (or modify it if already exists): SET gxApi "opengl".

This will make your wow.exe use opengl everytime you run it.


stay connected to wifi when all users log out

Edit your preferred connection and check:

Automatically connect to this network
Available to all users

Also give a high priority number for auto-activation (More than all other connections).
Make sure your wifi gets enabled at boot time (otherwise you have to login and enable it).
Now this connection will be activated before login and stay connected after logout.
Using CLI and nmcli:
nmcli connection modify [CONNECTION-NAME] connection.permissions ''
nmcli connection modify [CONNECTION-NAME] connection.autoconnect yes
nmcli connection modify [CONNECTION-NAME] connection.autoconnect-priority 10

Using GUI:

More info


Can I run a login script irrespective of the shell?

Since you are asking for a "run for each login" versus "run at boot", this may be of help.

in the file /etc/login.defs
search for "fakeshell"
Here is the comment text for that parameter:

 # Instead of the real user shell, the program specified by this parameter
 # will be launched, although its visible name (argv[0]) will be the shell's.
 # The program may do whatever it wants (logging, additional authentification,
 # banner, ...) before running the actual shell.
 # FAKE_SHELL /bin/fakeshell

Be careful about any assumptions for your environment when using this approach.  Define all your own paths for executables and data.


Ubuntu create swap automatically even I have no swap partition setup?

Since several versions, the Ubuntu installer by default creates a swap file rather than a dedicated swap partition. You will find this swapfile announced in the system configuration file /etc/fstab with an entry similar to:
/swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0

To permanently disable that swap space, you need to edit the file /etc/fstab (as administrator, e.g. sudoedit /etc/fstab) and disable that line. A safe way is to put a comment mark # in front of the line. That way, you could reinstate the swap space easily by removing the comment again. You may also choose to delete that line.
It is not a bad idea to have swap space. Rather than getting rid of swap, you could opt to disable swap only when you are planning to run that particular application. Swap can temporarily be turned off with
sudo swapoff -a

You can re-enable all swap with
sudo swapon -a

Swap will automatically be reinstated after rebooting if swap is announced in /etc/fstab.


To do this in a single command line, you need a pdf viewer which can handle input from a pipe. The only viewer with this option I know is ImageMagicks's display. It is not very comfortable (larger files may take a while), but may be it is convenient for your purpose.

tar xOfz <archive> <path/to/file/in/archive> | display

(Larger pdf files may take a while.)


Can I understand which hardware failure caused my system to restart?

You can inspect the system's logs for the boot-before-last (the one that ended with the crash) with

journalctl -b -1

HOWEVER, not all failures get logged. Some failures cause the system to go down so quickly that logs don't get written - overheat is one.


Run script every 4 minutes but don't run from 3:00 to 3:40

Stack Overflow has a good answer similar to your problem:

Crontab run every 15 minutes except at 3AM?

In this answer a job runs every 15 minutes except blackout period from 3am to 4am at which time another job is run:

# Every 15 minutes except for 3:00-3:59
*/15 0-2,4-23 * * * thejob
# 3:15, 3:30, 3:45
15-45/15 3 * * * thejob
# 3:00 dead
0 3 * * * otherjob

If you don't have another job to run during the blackout period remove the last two lines.

You can combine your two lines of:

*/4 0-3 * * * example.sh
*/4 4-0 * * * example.sh

With one line of:

*/4 0-2,4-23 * * * example.sh

Then for your last complicated line:

40,44,48,52,56 4 * * * example.sh

Replace it with:

40-59/4 3 * * * example.sh


Update:
The better ones would be:

sed 's/^.\+\(\/\|\&\|\?\)v=\([^\&]*\).*/\2/'
awk 'match($0,/((\/|&|\?)v=)([^&]*)/,x){print x[3]}'
grep -Po '(?&lt=(\/|&|\?)v=)[^&]*'
# Saying match / or & then v=

RFC 3986 states:

   URI           = scheme ":" hier-part [ "?" query ] [ "#" fragment ]

   query         = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
   fragment      = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )

   pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
   unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
   sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
                 / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
   …

So to be safe use:
 | sed 's/#.*//' | - to remove #fragment part

in front.
I.e.
| sed 's/#.*//' | grep -Po '(?<=(\/|&)v=)[^&]*'

SED (2):

echo 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdRaf3-OEh4&playnext=1&list=PL4367CEDBC117AEC6&feature=results_main' \
| sed 's/^.\+\Wv=\([^\&]*\).*/\1/'

Explanation:

's
/…/…/    /THIS/WITH THIS/

'substitute/MATCH 0 or MORE THINGS and GROUP them in ()/WITH THIS/

+-------------------------- s    _s_ubsititute
|+------------------------- /    START MATCH
||                    +---- /    END MATCH
||                    | +-- \1   REPLACE WITH - \1==Group 1. Or FIRS low ().
||                    | | +- /   End of SUBSTITUTE
s/^.\+\Wv=\([^\&]*\).*/\1/'
  +++-+-+-+-+-----+-+------- ^        Match from beginning of line
   ++-+-+-+-+-----+-+------- .        Match any character
    +-+-+-+-+-----+-+------- \+       multiple times (grep (greedy +, * *? etc))
      +-+-+-+-----+-+------- \W       Non-word-character
        +-+-+-----+-+------- v=       Literally match "v="
          +-+-----+-+------- \(       Start MATCH GROUP
            +-----+-+------- [^\&]*   Match any character BUT & - as many as possible
                  +-+------- \)       End MATCH GROUP
                    +------- .*       Match anything; *As many times as possible
                                      - aka to end of line; as there is no

         [abc]  would match a OR b OR c
         [abc]* would match a AND/OR b AND/OR c - as many times as possible
         [^abc] would match anything BUT a,b or c

/\1/     Replace ENTIRE match with MATCH GROUP number 1.
         That would be - everything between \( and \) - which his anything but "&"
         after the literal string "v=" - which in turn has a non word letter in
         front of it.

         That also means that no match means no substitution which ultimately result in
         no change.

Result: qdRaf3-OEh4
Note: If no match entire string will be returned.

(G)AWK:

echo 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdRaf3-OEh4&playnext=1&list=PL4367CEDBC117AEC6&feature=results_main' \
| awk 'match($0,/(\Wv=)([^&]*)/,v){print v[2]}'

Result: qdRaf3-OEh4
Explanation:
In Awk match(string, regexp) is a function that searches for the longest, leftmost, match of regexp in string. Here I have used an extension that comes with Gawk. (see Awk, GAwk; MAwk etc.) that places the individual matches - that is: what is between parenthesis - in an array of matches.
The pattern is fairly like the Perl/Grep one below.

  +-------------------------------------- Built in function
  |    +--------------------------------- Entire input ($1 would have been filed 1)
  |    |                                  etc. (Using default delimiters " "*)
  |    |
  |    |
  |    |  (....)(....) ------------------ Places \Wv= in one group 1, and [^&]* group 2.
match($0, /(\Wv=)([^&]*)/, v){print v[2]}
                           |   |    | |
                           |   |    +-+---- Use "v" from /, v; v is a user defined name
                           |   |      +---- 2 specifies index in v, which is group from
                           |   |            what is between ()'s in /…/
                           |   |
                           |   +----------- Print is another built in function.
                           +--------------- Group name that one can use in print.

GREP (Using Perl-compatible):

echo 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdRaf3-OEh4&playnext=1&list=PL4367CEDBC117AEC6&feature=results_main' | \
grep -Po '(?<=\Wv=)[^&]*'

Result: qdRaf3-OEh4
Explanation:

-P  Use Perl compatible
-o  Only print match of the expression.
    - That means: Of our pattern only print/return what it matches.
    If nothing matches; return nothing.

          +------- ^    Negate math to - do not match (ONLY as it is FIRST between [])
          |+------ &    A literal "&" character
          ||
(?<=\Wv=)[^&]*
|   | |  |  ||
|   | |  |  |+---- *     Greedy; as many times as possible.
|   | |  +--+----- []    Wild order/any order of what is inside []
|   | +----------- v=    Literal v=
|   +------------- \W    Non Word character
+----------------- (?<=  What follows should be (mediately) preceded by.
                    ?=Huh, <=left, = =Equals to

So: Match literal "v=" where "v" is preceded by an non-word-character. Then match
anything; as many times as possible until we are at end of line or we meet an "&".

As you can't have "&" in an URL between key/value pairs this should be OK.


How to completely remove virtual packages?

Use apt-cache depends to find a list of packages that the virtual package "contains" and then remove all of those in order to remove the virtual package. For example:

$ sudo apt-cache depends mono-complete
mono-complete
  Depends: mono-runtime
  Depends: mono-runtime-sgen
  Depends: libmono-2.0-1
  Depends: libmono-profiler
  Depends: mono-utils
  Depends: mono-jay
  Depends: mono-devel
  Depends: mono-mcs
  Depends: mono-csharp-shell
  Depends: mono-4.0-gac
  Depends: mono-4.0-service
  Depends: monodoc-base
  Depends: monodoc-manual
  Depends: libmono-cil-dev
  Depends: ca-certificates-mono

Now all you have to do is sudo apt-get remove all of the packages listed after Depends: and once done, the virtual package mono-complete will be removed automagically.

Run sudo apt-cache depends command first to take a look at all the dependent packages, and then, if the list of packages looks to you that it is ok to be removed, you can use this to remove them all:

$ sudo apt-get remove `apt-cache depends mono-complete | grep Depends | cut -d : -f 2`

Once the job is done, you can check virtual package status with:

$ dpkg -l mono-complete

It should be marked as (n)ot installed.


I was able to get system sound working by adding my UID to the audio group. I still am not getting audio in Chrome however, but that might just be a bug in Chrome at the moment, as was suggested here.

If anyone has any more Chrome specific suggestions, those would still be greatly appreciated.


if that is your real name.
I have had trouble(s) with uNetBootin. If it is a live ubuntu CD you want why cant you just burn a ubuntu disc image onto a CD/DVD

Hope this helped...


Allow Ubuntu Server Access only from specific IP's

You can use ufw

When you enable ufw with any rules to allow some traffic all is in deny state.

sudo ufw enable

with this command you will enable Ubuntu Firewall

To see status use

sudo ufw status

Status: active

To                         Action      From
--                         ------      ----
69                         ALLOW       Anywhere
53                         ALLOW       Anywhere
22                         ALLOW       213.xxx.xxx.xxx
80/tcp                     ALLOW       194.247.xxx.xxx
21/tcp                     ALLOW       194.247.xxx.xxx
69 (v6)                    ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)
80 (v6)                    ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)

This rules accept any on port 69, any on port 53, ssh from 213.xxx.xxx.xxx, 80 and 21 from 194.247.xxx.xxx ... and deny any other inbound traffic

Complete command for rule in ufw is

sudo ufw [--dry-run] [delete] [insert NUM]  allow|deny|reject|limit  [in|out on INTERFACE] [log|log-all] [proto protocol] [from ADDRESS [port PORT]][to ADDRESS [port PORT]]

Based on this rule template you can allow from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx on port 80 with this rule

for specific host

sudo ufw allow proto tcp from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx to any port 80

if you want to allow any to access your web server

sudo ufw allow proto tcp from any to any port 80

if you wish to allow access from specific network

sudo ufw allow proto tcp from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yy to any port 80

where

xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx - represent network ip

yy - represent network mask


Open a terminal and run the following:

sudo apt-get update

This should update the package lists, and the problem may have been caused a process being terminated while in the middle of updating. Make sure not to interrupt it this time.

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

This will upgrade all packages, and hopefully there will be no errors. If this works, then chances are that when you open up Update Manager again, there won't be any errors.

To remove a broken repository, run the following in the terminal:

cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d
ls

Extra repositories will be listed. To delete the one you don't want any more:

sudo rm <file>

For example:

sudo rm opera.list

Then, run the first two commands again (sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get dist-upgrade). This time, there should be no errors.


How to remove Skype's double icon in Ubuntu 18.04 Mate tray?

As a workaround, change EXEC in /usr/share/applications/skypeforlinux.desktop from
Exec=/usr/bin/skypeforlinux %U

to
Exec=env XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=Unity /usr/bin/skypeforlinux %U

You have to make the same change to ~/.config/autostart/skypeforlinux.desktop so that skype can stay in tray everytime system reboot. However, it seems that skype will undo the change of this autostart file everytime it restarts. My solution is to make this file read-only, like
chmod 440 ~/.config/autostart/skypeforlinux.desktop


You might not want to bother creating a separate partition for both Ubuntu and Windows to access, since Ubuntu can (and for years has been able to) safely and effectively read and write NTFS partitions. You could just store shared files in the Windows system.

However, if you want to create a shared partition, then NTFS is a reasonable choice for filesystem type. You could use FAT32, but then you wouldn't be able to store files larger than 4 GiB in size, as well as suffering from numerous other limitations compared to a more modern filesystem.

You don't need to specify the partition when you're installing Ubuntu--you can just mount it dynamically when you need it, by clicking on its volume name in the list of mountable volumes in the left pane of any Nautilus (i.e., file browser) window. However, if you want it to be mounted statically, choose whatever mount point you like. Even though /media was originally for removable media, "new tradition" has given it the expanded meaning of being the place where any volume that doesn't provide an important system directory (like /boot or /home) gets mounted. So if you wanted you could mount it at /media/windows or /media/name where name is replaced by the actual volume name of the volume in Windows.


The answer is that you can't. The touchpad is managed by some unconfigurable microcontroller embedded in the hardware and is read as a PS/2 mouse by the OS. I have yet to test whether changing the settings in Windows carry over to Linux.


Software center installation stuck after script cancellation

Finally cleared it out after I noticed trying to install anything made the DbDriver complain and /opt subdirectories show a locked file -- went to the command line and installed synaptic which located the hung matlab install (after update and upgrade).  Synaptic solved it behind the scenes.
   Hope that helps anyone else who runs into this issue in the future...


How do I change the LightDM unity-greeter wallpaper behavior?

Go to google images

Type the name of your favorite image ---> click search ---> click search tools ---> click size ---> click exact size

In the new window that opens type the exact size of your monitor ---> Click go

In the search result that appears download your favorite one

By default it gets saved to Pictures folder

Open terminal and type

sudo su
cd /home/your-username/Pictures
mv your-image.png /usr/share/backgrounds/your-image.png
## if your image extension is not png then replace png with your extension
apt-get install dconf-editor
dconf-editor

in the new window that appears go to

----> com

---> canonical

---> unity

---> unity-greeter

Go to the line with background and change the image name in the line

/usr/share/backgrounds/image-name.png

to your image name

/usr/share/backgrounds/your-image.png

Now reboot

Hopefully all will work fine now

Have a happy experience with ubuntu


Package Operation failed on every installation

Did you, by any change, interrupt an install process? I think something like that might have caused it.

Try the following command in the terminal:`

sudo dpkg-reconfigure`-a

This should reconfigure all your packages, but may take some time. I added the -a for all packages, since multiple packages seem to give issues. For more information about this command type the following command to see the manual page of the command:

man dpkg-reconfigure


In there, there should be a file named "cof.png". But you cannot edit the file in the normal way. Here are the steps to do it:
1. Press Alt + F2 and type:
gksu nautilus

...then do what it prompts you to do.
2. Go to the unity-greeter directory
...and look for cof.png.
3. Open and edit it! it (done!)
Let's analyze what we have just done here:
Nautilus is the name of Ubuntu's native file browser. However, that file browser is desogned to protect crucial files that the system uses by only allowing access by root. That's when gksu comes along. When you open gksu along with something, it runs it as root. Being a root user and using a root file browser will enable you to modify essential and crucial parts of your system. That includes the icon you see at login.


18.04 download incomplete and can't complete it

I had this exact problem. I tried to remove the libp11-kit-gnome-keyring but there was nothing installed (??). Then I manually downloaded it from: https://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/i386/libp11-kit-gnome-keyring/download and installed it. After that:

sudo apt --fix-broken install

Still a problem. Then:

sudo apt remove libp11-kit-gnome-keyring
sudo apt --fix-broken install

Everything ok? I don't really know what I was doing but after that it was ok. Then just regular update + dist-upgrade.


How to install cm-x86-14.1-r4.x86_64.rpm (it's from Android x86 website and is a flavour of stock android) on Ubuntu 20.04 pc and use it as dual boot

To install a .deb file, run sudo dpkg -i file.deb.
You should probably also read the description on the homepage, and the referred How to Install: https://www.android-x86.org/installhowto.html
On that page I don't see any description on how to install the .rpm file or what it contains. But there are a fine description on downloading and installing from a .iso image.


I'm unable to install AMD drivers on a laptop

As far as I know you shouldn't use fglrx which seems to be unmaintained. The link you provided contains drivers for very old Ubuntu (7/9 years ago) and will never work on newer Ubuntu version.
Do you have something wrong with the Open Source drivers? You might need to install additional drivers with the following process.
https://itsfoss.com/install-additional-drivers-ubuntu/


Unable to install PHP particular version 7.0.4 on Ubuntu 16.04

I am not exactly sure about how compatible it all is with Ubuntu, not expecting too many issues, but past versions of whatever was in Debian is retrievable on https://snapshot.debian.org. The explicit version of PHP you asked for is on https://snapshot.debian.org/package/php7.0/7.0.4-7/ (or of the latest 7.0 version see https://snapshot.debian.org/package/php7.0/7.0.32-1/). You can install the packages as instructed on the snapshot.d.o home page by specifying the date the package was uploaded. Please also be aware that you can explicityly specify the version of a package to be installed with apt-get, should there be other versions of PHP7.0 also be accessible in the repositories you specified in /etc/apt/sources.list.


Install the development libraries using

sudo apt-get install libqt5webkit5-dev

to get

Qt5WebKitWidgetsConfig.cmake
qt5webkitwidgets-config.cmake

and start cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr again

Sample output

~/tmp/KanColleTool.git] master ± cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.9.2
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.9.2
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/aboettger/tmp/KanColleTool.git


How to include a “Show Desktop” option in the Alt-Tab menu of GNOME Shell?

Try Ctrl+Alt+D to minimize all the windows and focus on desktop.  It is set in System->Preferences->Keyboard Shortcuts.


Can I use the internet of a remote server on my local machine?

I setup squid proxy server on the remote server:
https://phoenixnap.com/kb/setup-install-squid-proxy-server-ubuntu
Then I set the proxy server of my local machine to the ip of remote server and the port 3128, and now it's working


Installing Ubuntu 12.10 on Gateway PC Intel i3

The 64bit version is not AMD based.  It says AMD64 because it a naming conviction.  And Because AMD did the first commercially available 64bit chips.  You can download and install of Intel and AMD systems.

The AMD64 or x86-64 is a 64-bit processor architecture invented by AMD. It is a superset of the x86 architecture, which it natively supports. The AMD64 Instruction set is currently used in AMD's Athlon 64, Athlon 64 FX, and Opteron processors.

Intel has also implemented the AMD64 architecture in its newer Xeon and Pentium 4 F processor lines, rebranding it EM64T.AMD

Download Ubuntu 12.10, and 12.04 both are available the 32bit, and 64bit


Networking security issue with suspicious traffic. How to track it down?

Consider checking the integrity of all your binaries on your system using debsums. This might show some altered kernel (kernel module) or system application. I've seen altered OpenSSH daemons to hide the activity and an altered Bluetooth kernel module to even create a backdoor at the kernel level. I was able to locate this by an automated checksum of all binaries on the system installed via the package management.

Install the package debsums, e.g.

sudo apt-get install debsums

Run debsums with errors on the output only.

sudo debsums -s

Some files might be missing or no MD5sums are available for some packages. Just be aware of changed binaries.

Additionally, do get familiar with the rootkit hunters. I think they're not that hard to use. Be sure to use the latest version and the latest malware definitions in order to find the latest ones too. However, this is not a bulletproof test. I suggest to ask a more specific question on this on either security SE or unix SE.


Ubuntu Gnome 3.18, Dark theme and Raw Therapee

After search for a while in Google I figured out that the problem is related with gtk, gtk2 to be more precise.

We just need to install gtk2-engines

$ sudo apt install gtk2-engines

And that's it. Restart Raw Therapee and everything is it should be.

I hope this can help to somebody with similar problems.


friendly-recovery error running apt (upgrade, dist-upgrade or autoremove)

comment in /etc/default/grub.d/50-curtin-settings.cfg the entry GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="maybe-ubiquity" out. sudo dpkg --configure -a && sudo apt -f install


It turns out in various testings of ufw i apparently made a ton of iptables rules.  iptables -S was showing multiple pages of rules.  I reset them with iptables -X and ufw reset and now am seeing expected results.


How to synchronize Google calendar with Ubuntu 20.04 calendar?

For many folks, it starts working after a logout/login or restart.
Try that first.


Is 12.04 compatible with the Dell XPS 14Z laptop?

I have a Dell XPS 14z (L412z) running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and, in general, I'm very satisfied. It's a great machine but some issues need to be solved after installing Ubuntu 12.04.

I've made a thread in Ubuntu Forums about how to solve temperature, battery and touchpad issues.

Here it is:

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS on Dell XPS 14z - temperature, touchpad and other issues

Here are solutions and workarounds that I found for temperature and battery consumption on the Dell XPS 14z (L412z) notebook, while running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin).

TEMPERATURE ISSUE AND BATTERY LIFE ON DELL XPS 14Z WITH UBUNTU 12.04 LTS

After these tweaks, the CPU temperature will run in about 40 up to 48ºC with regular use (this is OK), and up to 80ºC when gaming (my alarm is set to 85ºC). The HDD temperature will decrease to 36 up to 41ºC.

1. Install and configure lm-sensors and cpufrequtils:

    sudo apt-get install lm-sensors cpufrequtils indicator-cpufreq
    sudo sensors-detect

(confirm all options with "y")

2. Install Psensor to keep track of your CPU and HD temperature:

    sudo apt-get install psensor

(choose to activate "hddtemp" on boot when asked)

After install it will execute automaticaly on system startup.
You can block it on the launcher to see it permanently (the launcher icon has a neat temperature indicator).

3. Install Jupiter to manage battery consumption:

    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/jupiter && sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install jupiter

4. Install Bumblebee to manage battery consumption and the use of the nVIDIA GPU when needed (use "optirun" before the application name to open with nVIDIA GPU):

    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable && sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install bumblebee

Test and compare:

glxspheres
optirun glxspheres

5. To decrease Hard Disk temperature (the unconfortable heating on your left palm hand, where the HDD hardware is set), you will have to install laptop-mode-tools and follow the instructions on the link below:

    sudo apt-get install laptop-mode-tools

Edit laptop-mode.conf file:

sudo gedit /etc/laptop-mode/laptop-mode.conf

Find the bellow text and change value to 600:

NOLM_HD_IDLE_TIMEOUT_SECONDS=7200

Find the bellow texts and change both values to 1:

LM_AC_HD_POWERMGMT=254
NOLM_AC_HD_POWERMGMT=254

Refers to:
http://askubuntu.com/questions/14134...ng-on-ac-power

6. Use Powertop (from Intel) software to tweak some power consumption settings:

    sudo apt-get install powertop
    sudo powertop --calibrate

(wait)

    sudo powertop

(change "Bad" values to "Good" using keyboard arrows and 'Enter'. Type 'Esc' when finished.) -- this is not 100% tested.

7. Those above are the easiest tips that I've found. To go more deep, you can refer the links bellow and, later, post here what you accomplished:

http://smackerelofopinion.blogspot.c...in-ubuntu.html

TOUCHPAD SENSIBILITY ISSUE ON DELL XPS 14Z WITH UBUNTU 12.04 LTS

The mouse pointer keeps shaking and jumping on the screen when I use touchpad on my Dell XPS 14z, especially in cold rooms. It's horrible! These are some tweaks that I tryied with the synclient software, that manages the Synaptics driver (responsible for touchpad in Ubuntu 12.04). Try some of those an let me know if it worked for you.

1. Ultimately, I've had success by changing the HorizHysteresis and VertHysteresis values on the synclient for 48. Do this:

Check the current value (should be 8):

synclient | grep HorizHysteresis && synclient | grep VertHysteresis

Change value to 72 on each (first I tried 48, with goog results also):

synclient HorizHysteresis=72 && synclient VertHysteresis=72

These tweaks will be lost after system restart. To make the changes permanent, you'll have to create and edit a xorg.conf file. Do this:

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

It will open a blank text file. Insert the following content and save:

Section "InputClass"
Identifier "Touchpad"
Driver "synaptics"
MatchIsTouchpad "on"
Option "VertHysteresis" "72"
Option "HorizHysteresis" "72"
EndSection

For more options on xorg.conf file, refer to:

http://askubuntu.com/questions/13021...xorg-conf-file and
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php...y_used_options

2. Other tweaks that I've tried before (with less success) was changing the FingerLow, FingerHigh and FingerPress values with the above commands:

First, check the FingerLow, FingerHigh and FingerPress current values with the above command:

synclient | grep FingerLow && synclient | grep FingerHigh && synclient | grep FingerPress

You will probably get:

FingerLow = 25
FingerHigh = 30
FingerPress = 256

Try decreasing FingerLow and increasing FingerHigh values (I actually didn't try to change FingerPress values becouse the HorizHysteresis and VertHysteresis tweaking showed to be the better solution). To change any value, do such as:

synclient FingerLow=20
synclient FingerHigh=50

Refer to:
http://askubuntu.com/questions/12802...sitivity-issue

For more settings on Synaptics driver, refer to:
http://www.x.org/archive/X11R7.5/doc...naptics.4.html

3. Enable two fingers scrolling in System Settings > Mouse and Touchpad > Touchpad (this is optional)

OTHER THINGS THAT I DO AFTER INSTALLING UBUNTU 12.04 LTS ON MY DELL XPS 14Z

This is my personal check-list, but it has some cool tips.

1. Install Java (necessary for internet banking):

    sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre icedtea-plugin

(resolve problema do Banco do Brasil no Ubuntu / funciona para o Mozilla Firefox) -- this is a tip for my brazilian fellows.

2. Install ubuntu restricted extras package:

    sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

3. Show global menu in LibreOffice:

    sudo apt-get install lo-menubar

4. Improve clipboard (copy and paste between apps even after closing the previous one):

    sudo apt-get install parcellite

To make it run on system startup, go to settings (cog in the top right of your desktop screen in Unity) and click on Startup Applications. Then click 'Add' and write "parcellite" on the two first fiels. Confirm.

5. Reduce font size, Launcher appearence and put a Show Desktop Icon on the Launcher:

    sudo apt-get install myunity

On Font, set font sizes -1 of the current.
On Launcher, set Backlights as 'Active Icons Only'.
On Desktop, set Active "Show Desktop" icon as ON.

6. Install the best app to backup personal files, usb drives and external drives (FreeFileSync):

    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:freefilesync/ffs && sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install freefilesync

7. Install Radio Tray Indicator (I recomend the "CINEMIX" radio):

    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:eugenesan/ppa && sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install radiotray

For other great indicators, refere to:
http://maketecheasier.com/10-must-ha...-04/2012/06/15

8. Creating a keyboard shortcut to open files and directories (Nautilus) - Similar to 'Super + E' on Microsoft Windows:

Go to System Settings > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Launchers > click 'Personal Folder' and type 'Ctrl + Alt + A' on your keyboard.

9. Install Storage Device Manager and configure particions to mount on boot:

    sudo apt-get install pysdm

10. Speed up Ubuntu

Watch: http://youtu.be/vwBoHZuauL8

11. Disable/remove overlay scrollbars:

    gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface ubuntu-overlay-scrollbars false

FULL REFERENCES

http://handytutorial.com/install-fre...-04-using-ppa/
http://thedaneshproject.com/posts/ho...ntu-12-04-lts/
http://www.webupd8.org/2012/04/thing...ng-ubuntu.html
http://askubuntu.com/questions/14134...ng-on-ac-power
http://askubuntu.com/questions/12802...sitivity-issue
http://www.x.org/archive/X11R7.5/doc...naptics.4.html
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+s...cs/+bug/992330
http://askubuntu.com/questions/13021...xorg-conf-file
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php...y_used_options
http://smackerelofopinion.blogspot.c...in-ubuntu.html
http://smackerelofopinion.blogspot.c...in-ubuntu.html


What is the standard for naming deb file name?

Well, as you said, the name foo_VVV-RRR_AAA.deb for a deb file is just a convention for naming .deb files, where VVV, RRR and AAA are the version, revision and architecture of the package foo.
Also, this convention is suggested (dictated) when building packages with debuild or git-buildpackage.
If you agree with this convention is ok, if not, you can rename your .deb files as you wish, but only by following these rules (in this case maybe you must to run dpkg --info <deb_file> to find a simple information that normaly you can get using the above convention for a deb file name).
Now, as you can read at Filename - Wikipedia:

There is no general encoding standard for filenames.
Because file names have to be exchanged between software environments (think network file transfer, file system storage, backup and file synchronization software, configuration management, data compression and archiving, etc.) it is very important not to lose file name information between applications. This led to wide adoption of Unicode as a standard for encoding file names, although legacy software might be non-Unicode-aware.
[...] Filename maximum length is not standard and might depend on the code unit size. Although it is a serious issue, in most cases this is a limited one.

So, if there is no standard for file names in general, I am almost sure that there is not a special standard for .deb file names. Or, if you are still confused, take the convention as a standard, and follow these rules.


You can move /home to you second SSD. This will also include Steam and PlayOnLinux games. They are normally installed in /home/[user]/.[application]. Edit /etc/fstab for automount on boot:
UUID=[UUID] /home           ext4    defaults        0       2


You are correct that -tf and -tzf are the same for your file.

Modern versions of tar can automatically guess the type of compression of a compressed file. So, if it's a gzip file, it does not matter whether you specify the -z part or not.

For the same reason, you don't have to specify the j part in -tjf if it's a bzip2 compressed file.


Installing Node on Ubuntu Mate 32bit system

Got it figured out googling around. You need to create a symbolic link to Node.js: ln -s /usr/bin/nodejs /usr/bin/node That did the trick for me.  However, I did go back and totally remove this older version of Node.js that was available through my package manager.

On the Node.js site there is a 32 bit version of node 6 LTS and instructions for installation that worked great for me on an older 32 bit system.

https://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/


Unable to use https: ssl3_get_record:wrong version number

This can be one of possibilities :

You have IP entry for that domain in your hosts file, but your DNS also resolve that domain in another IP


Same problem here, but with Ubuntu 18.10. I noticed that it happens when the dock is placed at the left or right of the screen. Changed to bottom and worked.


Triple boot, customize grub (Windows 8.1, Ubuntu, Zorin)

I don't know if it is THE solution, or even the right solution, but my solution to the settings not being saved was to use "File->Install to MBR..."

My solution to the background image was to replace it with a PNG.

I did this in Zorin, not Ubuntu. My GUESS is that the latest installed OS has the preference, and writing to the MBR removes any doubt or ambiguity.


Thanks to @steeldrivers answer, I now have a solution. (using the "chattr +i" command.)
Possible duplicate of how to make files protected?


How do I stop oracle JDK from hijacking PATH and breaking update-alternatives?

I think you are on the right track by removing /etc/profile.d/jdk.csh and /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh. You just have to re-login or reboot so that the PATH changes have effect.


How to get rid of Lohit Hindi and set a different default font in right to left complex script

I also have Lohit Hindi as "Basic Fonts (Western)" of my LibreOffice under Ubuntu 12.04. I am not sure how it became so. I had to:

Go to Tools → Options → LibreOfiice Writer → Basic Fonts (Western)
Change all "Basic fonts" from Lohit Hindi to, say, Liberation Sans.


turn off aura lightsfor asus rog ubuntu 18.04

git clone https://github.com/wroberts/rogauracore.gitcd rogauracore
sudo apt install libusb-1.0-0 libusb-1.0-0-dev
sudo apt install autoconfautoreconf -i
./configure
make
sudo make install # Shutdown and restart the system
# Rainbow
sudo rogauracore rainbow
# Usage:
sudo rogauracore COMMAND ARGUMENTS
# COMMAND should be one of:
single_static
single_breathing
single_colorcycle
multi_static
multi_breathing
red
green
blue
yellow
cyan
magenta
white
black
rainbow

Courtesy Setting up ubuntu on asus rog

The following command switched off the light

sudo rogauracore black


Chrome web browser doesn't keep me signed in

I solved the problem, but I not sure how I made it. Here a few  steps I have made:

Chrome Menu -> Settings -> Passwords and purge "Never Saved" section.
Chrome Menu -> Settings -> Advanced -> Allow Chrome sign-in turn it on
Chrome Menu -> Settings -> Advanced -> Content settings -> Cookies -> Keep local data only until you quit your browser turn it off and purge Block and Clear on exit sections.


How to uninstall a not fully installed or removed package?

The removal is failing because the pre-removal script can't be executed with success due to the failure of the cd command (such directory doesn't exist anymore); comment this line in /var/lib/dpkg/info/spotify-client.prerm by putting a # at the start:

cd /opt/spotify/spotify-client && ./unregister.sh

so that it becomes like this one:

# cd /opt/spotify/spotify-client && ./unregister.sh


How can I permanently change the keyboard format in linux?

You can run:

localectl set-x11-keymap fr

Then logout and login.


How do I configure the D keybinding in Xfce to show desktop?

You can change the shortcuts that handle the window manager by opening Window Manager from Settings > Window Manager, Keyboard tab.

Scroll down until you see Show desktop, (default
Ctrl+Alt+D)
Click to select the row, and press Edit

Press the desired keyboard keys combination on Window Manager Action Shortcut popup window (Super+D in your case).

Click Close.

This way Show desktop will be triggered by Super+D.


If you share a partition with Windows, you have no other choices than NTFS or FAT. Both do not support setting permissions like in Linux. ext3 or ext4 are not supported by Windows.


After installing Postfix, why doesn't it pop up the configuration interface

It didn't pop up the configuration screen as configuration of the package already existed.

To reconfigure the postfix package:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure postfix


Help understanding and debugging slow boot with systemd network-online.target

I (partially) solved this, so I wanted to post how in case anyone with similar problems finds this.

summary - I commented out the line After=network-online.target in /lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service.d/debian.conf. Note that this may break rc.local scripts which depend on network.

Here's how I found it. First, I read some resources here https://fedoramagazine.org/what-is-an-init-system/

From my post above, I knew that network-online.target was slow, and from googling I knew that it was the thing that waits to have a network connection. I ran systemctl list-dependencies network-online.target --before to determine which services were waiting until after network started, and saw that rc-local.service was there. Also, the graphical target (which I think is the thing that brings up the log in screen) depended on rc-local.service. I ran systemctl cat rc-local.service and saw that debian had added the After dependency on online, some more info here: bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/systemd/+bug/1451797

I think this is safe, as long as you don't have anything in rc.local that needs network, which should be the case for most normal non-server installs.

Now my system "boots" in about 3 seconds, but takes ages to log in after I type my password, so I may have just kicked the bucket down the road, but at least I made progress


Problem Ubuntu 16.04 wifi infrastructure mode

I have the same problem in Ubuntu 16.04 as the wifi worked fine in 15.10 before installation (clean install)  and it work fine in Windows 7/10), I do not know the reason but I fixed the problem partially as follows:

You have to know what your wifi interface is, so open a terminal and type:

ifconfig

The output should show something like

enp0s10   Link encap:Ethernet  direcciónHW 00:14:85:2d:d9:20
      ACTIVO DIFUSIÓN MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Métrica:1
      Paquetes RX:0 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 frame:0
      Paquetes TX:0 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
      colisiones:0 long.colaTX:1000
      Bytes RX:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Bucle local
      Direc. inet:127.0.0.1  Másc:255.0.0.0
      Dirección inet6: ::1/128 Alcance:Anfitrión
      ACTIVO BUCLE FUNCIONANDO  MTU:65536  Métrica:1
      Paquetes RX:2465 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 frame:0
      Paquetes TX:2465 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
      colisiones:0 long.colaTX:1
      Bytes RX:284298 (284.2 KB)  TX bytes:284298 (284.2 KB)

wlp1s8    Link encap:Ethernet  direcciónHW 00:1d:1a:01:53:81
      Direc. inet:192.168.0.155  Difus.:192.168.0.255  Másc:255.255.255.0
      Dirección inet6: fe80::abe5:47fa:aee0:f1fc/64 Alcance:Enlace
      ACTIVO DIFUSIÓN FUNCIONANDO MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Métrica:1
      Paquetes RX:4150850 errores:0 perdidos:1 overruns:0 frame:0
      Paquetes TX:3166922 errores:0 perdidos:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
      colisiones:0 long.colaTX:1000
      Bytes RX:5126859398 (5.1 GB)  TX bytes:389946883 (389.9 MB)

As you see, my interface is wlp1s8.
Open the file /etc/rc.local with root permissions:

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

You'll see something like this:

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

exit 0

Add the line

iwconfig wlp1s8 rate 54M

before exit 0, where wlp1s8 is your wlan interface, so that the edited file looks like this

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

iwconfig wlp1s8 rate 54M

exit 0

Restart your computer to apply changes.

This has fixed the problem partially; before this I lost the signal completely and the Internet was very slow. Now I don't lose the signal but the Internet speed falls after time (15-20 min.) from 1.6 mb. down/350 kb up to 350 kb. down/20 kb up.


Yes, if you have both wubi.exe and the ISO image for the same release, you can make Wubi use the ISO so it doesn't have to download the files again. This makes installation considerably faster!

It's advisable to check the MD5SUM on the ISO image, to make sure it's good.
Put the ISO image and wubi.exe in an empty folder.

Technically there could be other files in here, but it would be confusing, and once you get additional Ubuntu ISO's in there, which sometimes happens for users who are trying different versions, it would be a bad situation.
Run wubi.exe to install Wubi.

That's it. With the ISO image in the same folder as wubi.exe, the Wubi installer will automatically attempt to use the ISO image (and assuming it's an ISO for the same version of Ubuntu, and the ISO is not damaged, there should be no problems).

Assuming everything goes well, it should be possible to install without even being connected to the Internet when wubi.exe is run. However, if possible, it's recommended to be connected to the Internet while installing Ubuntu (whether you install it inside Windows with Wubi as you plan to do, or alongside/replacing your existing Windows or other OS by by booting a CD/DVD?USB).

Remember, the Windows installer (wubi.exe) and the ISO image should be for the same release of Ubuntu.


Old kernel in grub and /boot but not uninstallable

You can safely remove any file/directory having 2.6.38-11 in their names, as this is not your running kernel anymore. This kernel must have been installed during a precedent Ubuntu install.

They should normally belong to a package, but as they are not, you should remove them manually.

To know what type of files are installed with a kernel, you can do dpkg -L linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic | less

Then you can remove all the files/directories listed by ls -1d /{boot,lib/modules,lib/firmware,usr/share/doc}/*2.6.38-11*

Then run sudo update-grub, it should purge the grub entry. If not, check the content of /etc/grub.d


Alienware-kbl is not installing due to python3-usb

The creator answered the question on his site. These are his suggestions and I hope they help someone in the future if they need it.:

The libgtk-3-0 dependence is alright, ignore it.

Python3-usb dependence on Ubuntu is only available since the 15.04 version. If you don’t want to update to 15.10 try this:

Download and install some Debian package of python3-usb (Ubuntu wily, debian, etc) then reinstall the package.

Install python3-usb thought python3-pip then force the alienware-kbl installation.

Install python3-usb as you want (even just coping the .py file) then installing the tar.gz


Slight variation on this fix https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18643998/geodjango-eosexception-error

Edit this file: site-packages/django/contrib/gis/geos/libgeos.py

Look for the function: geos_version_info

And change this line:

ver = geos_version().decode()

With this line:

ver = geos_version().split(' ')[0]


List of gconf keys, in particular nm-applet

If this is in Ubuntu 12.10+, nm-applet has been ported to GSettings so you can either browse the keys with dconf-editor at org.gnome.nm-applet or check out the schemas at /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/, in this case org.gnome.nm-applet.gschema.xml.

There is also a gsettings command line client, so if I have guessed the key you want correctly, it would be:

gsettings set org.gnome.nm-applet suppress-wireless-networks-available false


Ubuntu 20.04 after update from 18.04 does not prompt for login on booting

search in

/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

for string

autologin-user=username

and comment this out.

#autologin-user=username

you need granted right.


snd-hda-intel model for UBUNTU 20.04 installed in an ASUS ROG STRIX G15 (G512)

I experienced the same problem. I had no speakers and made them work with options snd-hda-intel model= asus-zenbook. Just like you, I had no volume control after this fix.
Just discovered this for volume control: My volume is either max volume or muted, no middle ground
Volume control works fine now for speakers. Finally, when using headphones volume was too low, but solved that running alsamixer in terminal and setting volume as desired.
I am not sure if both fixes are necessary or only second one. When trying it seems to work both ways now.
Linux Mint 20.1 Cinnamon on Asus ROG Strix Scar 15.


Restricting SSH users to certain access permissions

Well, if you want to restrict a user to /home, ssh is not really the right tool. For example, /bin/bash is not in /home. A better tool would be something like NFS, sshfs, ftp, etc (we could debate which one to use).

You could build a chroot in /home, but LXC is, IMO, a better more modern tool.

Your other option would be to write an apparmor profile. This would be somewhat similar to a chroot in that you would need to specify what a user would and would not have access to in a profile.

What you would do is make a link to /bin/bash , I call it jailbash

sudo ln /bin/bash /usr/local/jailbash

You then change the users log in shell from bash to jailbash

sudo chsh <user>

Now write an apparmor profile for jailbash:

Here is an example :

http://bodhizazen.com/aa-profiles/bodhizazen/ubuntu-10.04/usr.local.bin.jailbash

It is written for Ubuntu 10.04, and you will need to review an update it, but it gives you a starting point.