The ">" prompt appears because the shell expects you to continue the for loop or close it using the word "done".

In your case you just have to add done at the end of the line or after the > prompt, e.g.

for i in *.rpm; do sudo alien -cv $i; done

This is an error in the instructions.


From the comments...

I believe that the port on the UPS is not a standard serial port. Check here for cable part numbers and wiring to make your own cable...

http://pinoutguide.com/UPS/apc_smart_cable_pinout.shtml

And here...

http://apcupsd.org/manual/manual.html#supported-upses-and-cables

for options on configuring apcupsd.conf.


'The Authentication failed' error in Ubuntu One using 12.04

Long delay, but I had this problem - and in fact, I discovered I still do, as I just tried it again! There is a page with limited help here and at the bottom is a "Contact us" link. I used this - the info on the page didn't help and the python script sits there doing nothing until it's 'd. When I used the Contact Us facility, support just referred me to that page.

Ubuntu One seems to be problematic, at least on 12.04, and the support very quick but nothing else. I installed Dropbox which was so easy to install and has worked faultlessly ever since.


I stand corrected. I have verified that with a new install of Ubuntu Desktop the behaviour is the same.
This is just a change of behaviour. I guess I am getting old...


Safely? Don't rename at all. Instead, (make sure the user is logged out first) create a new user with the correct username, rename the old home directory to the new username and chown -R the folder to the new user.

This assumes that you're not using encrypted homes. That would require some different steps, but since I haven't done that myself, I'll leave that to someone else.


Do all the apps that work in Gnome shell also work in Unity?

Yeah,it will work if it is specific not specific to the de(Eg. Extensions,indicators etc) because both unity and gnome-shell using gtk3 and gnome3 (in ubuntu 11.10 and higher)


Is there a way to enable tap to click for the Thinkpad trackpoint using systemd in 15.04?

As per http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_configure_the_TrackPoint#Configuration_using_sysfs, on my X200 (which has no touchpad) with Ubuntu 16.04, I used sudu -i to become superuser, then echo -n 1 > /sys/devices/platform/i8042/serio1/press_to_select to turn it on and now it works, though it's a little more sensitive than I might like so it'll take some getting used to. Thinkpads with a touchpad will have a slightly different path in the command, see the link. Also in the link is info on making the change permanent, if desired.

Edit: Found the related https://askubuntu.com/a/761504/392539, which happens to include a possibly simpler way to make this permanent (along with other trackpoint settings), but haven't tried it myself.


About installing Mathematica on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Look in your home directory and see if you have a directory named "~".  Your use of quotes may have caused the problem, replacing the shell home directory shortcut with the actual tilde character.  See if the files are present.  Rename the '~' directory (and use quotes since you mean the "~" directory,not your home directory) to something less confusing like Mathematica, and move it to the Desktop directory.


Swap utilization: system level versus individual processes

That is probably the amount of memory the program has said can be swapped out; however, you likely have RAM available, so the kernel is just going to use RAM instead of Swap.  Until you have enough going on to actually use Swap, I guess those numbers wont match up with amount of swap used.  RES is how much memory cannot be swapped out and VIRT is the total amount of virtual memory needed by the program (VIRT=RES+SWAP)


How do I install VirtualBox 5.2 + GUI on Ubuntu 16.04.3

you cant have 2 versions of virtualbox at the same time;
you can install virtualbox from .deb package downloaded from

Linux_Downloads – Oracle VM VirtualBox
and extensions from
Downloads – Oracle VM VirtualBox - look for  VirtualBox Extension Pack  All supported platforms link

first purge old version

apt-get purge virtualbox

then download from links above required files and install
dpkg -i virtualbox.. #[downloaded file name]
apt-get install -f  #[for fixing dependencies]
vboxmanage extpack install Oracle.. #[extension pack]

after this you should have virtualbox+GUI+ext pack


Ubuntu 20.04 freezes instantly with kernel 5.8.0-45

I have also been having some problems in the past day which may be related to this kernel upgrade. I boot OK, but the system performance steadily deteriorates to become unusable. Reboot fails. When I review the crash with
journalctl -xb

I find fsck failure errors in the journal.
I have run
fsck -ACV -r

or
fsck /dev/sda1
(which is my /home location and the location of fsck failure errors in the journal), from emergency mode and found corrupted inodes which fsck has repaired so that the computer reboots again and seems normal for a while, but the cycle repeats. I thought since I was using Firefox and noticed deterioration in browsing performance that maybe Firefox was contributing, but I made a clean reinstall of Firefox and the problem persists.
I hope this might be helpful, but since you say the log seems fine, I have some doubt . . . maybe my problem is a coincidence and I just have a bad HD? Good luck to you.


clicking on link opens blank firefox window

I am having the same issue.  Use of any other browser specified in "Default Applications" works just fine but Firefox opens a default page every time and not the hyperlink I clicked on.  Just upgraded to Ubuntu 12.04 as of today :oP Found this: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1959974

From the above link disabling the "Ubuntu Firefox Modifications" extension has a behaviour change.  Instead of going to the Ubuntu Google page it goes to the Mozilla google page, neither of which are my start page as I have FF set to load the last pages visited.  Hopefully this helps.


Troubles installing Ubuntu on a flash drive

You can make a clear set up only through making a full-fledged Ubuntu installation by Ubiquity, as the main Ubuntu graphical installer instead of "useless" Wubi, an ex-friendly software aiming to be used by particularly Windows XP and other old-system users. First, and the foremost, you need to prepare a "live usb", then go for the Ubiquity, and select the 128-gb flash, and make a clean installation, but DO NOT FORGET, you should install the boot loader onto your USB drive, not your computer's primary hdd or sdd. Then, I think if you select it in your boot configurations within Bios, the system should be initiated within your flash drive. I think the process is very simple and would be OK;)


Is there any Linux based ubuntu installer like wubi?

Wubi for Ubuntu 19.10.

md5sum: c87ac6368eaba0f5465270f39cc8f9d3
sha256sum: fa7b1a79633bb766aca7062d36ee3ec0c1d3d79b47dec98d962141d5538f5dad

Supported features:

Version 19.10 with automatic download
Ubuntu (64 bit only), Kubuntu (*) (64 bit only), Ubuntu Studio (64 bit only), - Ubuntu MATE (64 bit only), Xubuntu, Lubuntu, Ubuntu Kylin (64 bit only), Ubuntu Budgie (64 bit only)
various distros/versions with manual download (desktop environments "Wubi", "Wubi lz", "Wubi EFI", "Wubi MD5", "Wubi gz", "Wubi SHA256")
UEFI (64 bit + 32 bit), legacy BIOS
Fast Startup and Hibernate
Secure Boot
Parted 3.2
MMC + NVMe devices
package lupin-support (for Lubuntu and Ubuntu Studio)
disk sizes > 30 GB


The unattended-upgrades package will automatically apply security updates on a scheduled basis.  The apticron package will check for available package updates daily, and tell you about it.

Both may be configured to have more agressive update behaviours.  Neither will use aptitude by default: for that, your best strategy would be to create your own cronjob (perhaps based on one of these packages, or the other question referenced) which calls aptitude with the appropriate arguments on the schedule you prefer, and provides notification of success or failure by the method you prefer.


Are you trying to reinstall windows or run it live off the usb?
A couple options for either:
It is not automatically booting because of a misconfiguration in you bios. I would first repair grub, then launch into bios and manually select the usb to boot from. (Not just changing boot order but 'boot menu' itself.)

Research BIOS settings for you make and model of computer and specifically pay attention to mentions of UEFI and secure boot, as these are likely culprits


Best performance: Gnome 3, Unity or Cinnamon?

Unity is based off of GNOME, and uses more RAM. Cinnamon is a little less resource hungry, but if you are looking for a desktop environment when resources is a factor, you might want to give LXDE a try. It's a fairly pretty desktop environment that runs in 128 megabytes of RAM. It has an interface very similar interface to KDE with less eye candy.


For many file operations, they probably have approximately the same speed.  If you have journaling turned on for the ext4 filesystem though, that might slow things down.

However, the main benefit of tmpfs is that it only uses as much RAM (or swap) as is needed to store the files.  In contrast, a 500MB ramdisk will use that much RAM whether it is 10% full or 100% full.


Why does apt-get install a newer dependency than supported by the specified package

What you're experiencing is the problem with apt / apt-get not being as smart as you think it is.

This problem happens when trying to downgrade your package(s) or install an older package version than the version the repositories have as the latest candidate (with regard to your apt priority pinning and other policies regarding repository priorities).  When you downgrade your package, you actually have to specify for each individual dependency which version you're downgrading to, or in this case which specific version you actually want to install.

In the case of the nginx packages, where nginx-full and nginx-common depend on each other, you have to explicitly tell apt to install each of the packages of the specified version(s).  This is because 1.7.6-1+trusty1 supersedes 1.7.5-1+trusty1 by version number.  As a result, you have to specifically say "Only install the package of this specific version" because of the superseded version(s) existing, i.e. apt-get install nginx-full=1.7.5-1+trusty1 nginx-common=1.7.5-1+trusty1

Not relevant to your question, but this also happens when you install from a repository that has a lower apt pinning priority than another version, in which case you have to specify the versions and/or source(s) to install from manually, i.e. sudo apt-get install nginx-full/trusty-proposed nginx-common/trusty-proposed being a prime example of trying to install a package and dependencies from the proposed repository, which has a much lower apt priority than PPAs or the main repositories.


Check /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades file.

Mine has this line:

 Prompt=lts

I can only upgrade to the next LTS release.

It should match your options in the graphical update manager tool, but in the Unix world, everything is a file. Therefore there's nothing like a good old command line.


How Can I Remove Dotted Outline Keyboard Focus in GTK3?

Create ~/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css and include this line:

* { outline-width: 0px; }

or this line:

* { outline: none; }

That should do it. You may need to switch away from the current gtk3 theme to another and back for the change to take effect. On some systems, a log out and log in maybe needed.

Before:

After:

References:

https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_outline.asp
https://a11yproject.com/posts/never-remove-css-outlines/


I believe this is the same question as this one, even though you have swap enabled: https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/373312/306023

Basically the kernel (or kswapd0) is evicting every active process's code (executable) pages in order to free more RAM, thus on every context switch when a process resumes execution, it needs to be re-read from disk into memory and only then can it resume execution.

This needs to happen so many times per second, coupled with the fact that disk are way slower than RAM, that the OS is seen as effectively freezing up. It's as if RAM gets temporarily replaced by the disk, and all of this is because the kernel makes the mistake ofis evicting the running processes's file-backed executable pages too, instead of just the inactive ones.

If you want to try and see what happens if the kernel doesn't evict those, you can recompile the kernel with this patch, seen in this question. What should happen is that the OS should freeze for at most 1 second now instead of minutes(or permanently) and there should be little to no disk thrashing.


Grml-rescueboot is a tool to boot grml ISOs.  And the grml website is pretty vague about it, but it says:

  Grml is a bootable live system (Live-CD) based on Debian.

Which implies it only works for Debian ISOs that are created using grml.


Dual Monitor problems - Screen Flicker and Offset

Figured the problem. Hopefully this can help someone. I never mentioned in my question that I was using a hybrid graphics set up with a 7730 AND an Intel 4000. When you plug in a separate monitor you get a mad flickering action going on. A temporary solution someone found is listed here.

This worked a treat initially, however when I opened the display options and moved my external monitor to the right hand side of my laptop screen that's when the problem happened. I looked at the command I used to stop the initial screen flickering:

xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --left-of LVDS1 --output VGA1 --scale 1.0001x1.0001

I noticed the bit that said --left-of. This would be fine if the monitor was to the left of the main display but it no longer is! Your command should simply be

xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --right-of LVDS1 --output VGA1 --scale 1.0001x1.0001

and everything should be working fine.


First you have to install Gparted either via the Ubuntu software center or via command line: sudo apt-get install gparted

The swap drive normally is a normal partition on your hard drive so you can use GParted to shrink a partition next to the swap partition and then enlarge the swap partition filling the free space.

Be warned that doing anything wrong or having a power loss while partitioning may lead to loss of data so backup your data if in doubt.

You can find further information about partitioning here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowtoPartition


Are you sure that www-data needs to do chown? Please explain why. There is no way to get /bin/chown to restrict UIDs. You will have to write a wrapper around /bin/chown that does the input validation, then calls the real /bin/chown, then allow www-data access only to the wrapper.


Open Terminal and Run Following Commands

Add Gnomebaker repository

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnomebaker/stable

Install gnomebaker

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install gnomebaker


How to install applications to a separate hdd?

There is a major difference between Windows and GNU/Linux. On Windows it is common, that each program together with all the libraries it depends on is installed in a separate folder. This often leads to a lot of wasted disk space due to libraries being installed multiple times, for each program that uses them.

On Linux, programs are installed following the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS). This means, that the libraries the programs depend on are all installed in a common dedicated location, so that they are usually only installed once, no matter how many programs use them. Also, programs are built in such a way, that they all use the same version of a certain library. This saves disk space (and RAM at runtime), but has the drawback, that one cannot freely install programs on different partitions or hard disks, at least not without editing system configuration files (for instance /etc/ld.so.conf.d to include the different library folders).

Since the Debian package system was implemented with the FHS in mind, there is, as far as I know, no easy way to install Debian packages to a folder different from the one they were intended to be placed in and have them working without manually moving and editing files afterwards. This is, because paths are often hardcoded at compile time. So even if you install a package to a different folder, for instance by using dpkg --instdir=folder/ package.deb on the command line, the program will still look for its configuration in '/etc', not 'folder/etc', but the config files that were shipped with the package of course were installed to 'folder/etc'... The program will not be added to the menu either, since menu files are supposed to be in '/usr/share applications', not in folder/usr/share/applications.

You can of course manually configure and compile a program from its source code to have it install the binary and data parts wherever you'd like, while still installing configuration files to the FHS compliant locations, but this is something I'd only recommend for advanced users. If you are going to compile from source, have a look at checkinstall, a tool that automatically creates debian packages.

Another option, that was suggested on linuxfromscratch, is to unpack the package to a suitable location and then to create symbolic links to all installed files in the corresponding FHS locations.

Since in the comments you were referring to games: Many games that are not bought through Ubuntu Software Center come as an installer executable, and those can then of course be installed to any folder, usually a subfolder of your home directory. Windows games, which are being run using WINE can also be installed in any directory you want. For wine there exists an environment variable called WINEPREFIX with which you can set up numerous independent WINE folders, each including its own virtual C: drive. Read the WINE man page for more info.

Even if games/programs come as Debian packages, you can look at the package contents in your favorite archive manager. If the game is going to be installed in /opt, you can usually safely install it to a different folder, since /opt is often used as installation location for programs that don't adhere to FHS.


how to custumize ubuntu 12.04 after installing NVIDA driver?

1-Go to Ubuntu Software Center and install Cairo-Dock OpenGL , The Myunity tool , Compiz and Compizconfig Settings Manager

2-From the applications launcher select startup applications and add usr/bin/cairo-dock

3-Launch the MyUnity tool and select hidden for the launcher behavior

4-Resatart the machine

5-At the log in name there is a circle spot select it and choose cairo dock.please don't

choose 2d mode also don't choose cairodock with unity

6-Have fun with Cairo dock themes and compiz settings manager effects


Python virtualenvwrapper problem running the initialization hooks

I am using Ubuntu server 16.04,
You should also export the python interpreter in which you've installed the
the virtualenvwrapper

export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3
export WORKON_HOME=~/.virtualenvs
source /home/vagrant/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

Make sure to replace all the paths above according to your own system. Your wrapper script might e.g. be located in /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh instead, or you might use a different interpreter or virtualenvs home, ...


"Device not ready" error with Broadcom wireless card

Here is what I have done but it requires to do it everytime you reboot the system....
-Go to controlPanel==>Hardware==>additional Driver.
-select the Broadcom STA Wireless driver and REMOVE it.
-Once it is removed, re-ACTIVATE it..
open a terminal.
-sudo ifconfig eth1 up

the Wireless should appear again...
The only problem is that the next time the system reboot, the driver seems to load, but is not used.. so you have to remove it and reinstall as mentioned above


Is there a way to move passwords from "Default" to "Login" in seahorse?

From http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=10945148&postcount=14

cd ~/.gnome2/keyrings
rm login.keyring
mv default.keyring login.keyring
echo -n "login" > default

(You may not need the last line, and I backed up the login.keyring rather than deleting it).

This worked for me.


How to make xargs execute in parallel but show complete output of a single instance at a time?

Meet GNU Parallel (sudo apt install parallel):

  GNU parallel makes sure output from the commands is the same output as
  you would get had you run the commands sequentially.
  If you use xargs and tee today you will find GNU parallel very easy to
  use as GNU parallel is written to have the same options as xargs.

I can’t test it, but the command in your case should simply be:

parallel -n 2 -P $MaxInstance $(command -v bash) -c 'echo_var "$1"' _ {}

Note that the moreutils package provides a parallel command which is different from GNU parallel.

Example run

This example runs echo {} start; sleep 1; echo {} ready for the arguments 1, 2 and 3, first with xargs and then with parallel:

$ echo -e '1\n2\n3' | xargs -n1 -P3 -I{} bash -c 'echo {} start; sleep 1; echo {} ready'
2 start
1 start
3 start
2 ready
1 ready
3 ready
$ parallel 'echo {} start; sleep 1; echo {} ready' ::: 1 2 3
1 start
1 ready
2 start
2 ready
3 start
3 ready

Of course the echo | approach does work equally with parallel, I just like its argument list feature shown above – it does the exact same.

If you’re hesistant to use parallel because it’s not preinstalled, hard to install/update or anything like that I warmly recommend the program author’s blog article on Excuses for not installing GNU Parallel.


Are the dual boot issues with Windows 10 Anniversary resolved?

The Anniversary Update for Windows 10 recently installed on my development machine and the dual-boot grub menu still loaded both Linux and Win 10.  I suspect that some users have seen the MBR over-written by Windows rather than their Linux partition actually being deleted, so that all that was likely required was to re-install grub.  After all, Windows says it can't "see" Linux partitions; they are just some hole in the disk as far as Redmond is concerned! {grin}


For setting www, I usually set ownership first, in this case I use your username 'matt' and the directory that I use /var/www/. Make sure that your username is member of www-data group, if not, you can add  sudo adduser matt www-data

sudo chown matt:www-data -R /var/www

The second thing, we should set permission

sudo chmod 0755 -R /var/www
sudo chmod g+s /var/www


No root privileges - how do I add a user to the sudo list?

Allowing to modify the list of users allowed to perform super-admin tasks without requiring super-admin privileges would totally undermine the whole idea of using sudo - if anyone can add themselves to sudoers than anyone can become root. So there's no way to do what you want from inside the system.

Having said that, if you have physical access to the system, you can reboot into the recovery console or boot from a LiveCD, where you can get root access to the sudoers file.


How to make Ubuntu 14 more tolerant of power cut

Making an industrial machine fault tolerant is more then just tweaking some software settings: it's a combination of both hardware and software.

If frequent power failures are to be expected in the environment the machine will be operating in, a small UPS (preferably built into the power supply) will be needed. (5 minute autonomy would be sufficient for 95% of the cases I've ever met)

This will allow you to install a UPS daemon that will allow the machine to recover gracefully from:

Relatively small power surges. (red-out)
Continue to provide power during power sags. (brown-out)
Smooth out noisy power sources/consumers. (Red-brown-out)
Provide power for some time during a black-out.

And depending on your use case, dust-proofing, water-proofing, gas-proofing, heat-proofing and/or radiation-proofing might be advisable as well or your equipment will die at or about ½ to ¼ of its MTBF.

And waiting for a keyboard must be disabled both in the BIOS and in /etc/default/grub The parameter is.


Repeating Speaker popping on Lenovo Slim 7(Ryzen7)

This can sometimes be resolved by making an edit to your alsa-base.conf file. Here's how:

Open Terminal
Edit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf with sudo using your preferred editor
Add the following line to the end:
options snd-hda-intel index=1

Save the file
Reboot the machine

This will probably change the name of your sound device to "HD-Audio Generic", but it will resolve the sound that you're hearing. If instead you see "Dummy Output", restart PulseAudio with:
pulseaudio -k


rsync on large file intermittently causes linux to force restart

After running Automatic Bug Reporting Tool, the error reported was “kernel crashed - bug: unable to handle kernel paging requests at __ (long list of numbers)”…

After trying numerous things, I eventually ran PassMark Memtest86... and tested each of my memory sticks independently and found one that was erroneous. If anyone else runs into something screwy like this, I highly suggest jumping straight to this test.


How to run a task on login of *any* user (or any member of a particular user group)

I got this to work by creating a shell script in the directory /etc/profile.d containing:
if [[ " $(groups) " =~ ' domain users@my.domain.name ' ]]; then
# Whatever you want to do for all group members goes here.
fi

The script runs automatically on login as long as the file extension is .sh.
To prevent problems with output to a non-existent terminal, I append >/dev/null to the commands in the body of the if statement.


How to install the EPSON L210 Printer utility

I wonder if you have added the printer utility; if you have you should find it in your menu; to install it go here

http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/du/02/DriverDownloadInfo.do?LG2=EN&CN2=&DSCMI=79180&DSCCHK=ee99825cf8dd051c99c59905b70420470967a26d

and click to download what will be epson-printer-utility_1.0.2-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb

as you click to download, your system should offer to OPEN the package; OPEN here means INSTALL so accept that offer;

otherwise it will end up saved in your Downloads folder; so find it and double-click it there; to install; it will create an icon in your MENU


Ubuntu Nvidia drivers vs Nvidia drivers from the website

UPDATE 24/11/2016

Now you can use the most up-to-date nvidia driver without much worries thanks to the launchpad's Proprietary GPU Drivers PPA (note that this ppa is still considered in testing)

You just need to add the ppa

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update

and install your nvidia-(version) driver using the 'additional drivers'  ubuntu software. I suggest you to read more here: Link

ORIGINAL ANSWER:

The Ubuntu nvidia drivers are drivers that have been tested by the Ubuntu team and so they guarantee that this drivers will work with ubuntu without breaking anything, so because they have to test the drivers and ensure that everything works as expected they get behind the nvidia most up to date releases.

You can try with the Nvidia website drivers but this is risky, you have to know what you are doing and how to solve any problem.

So this is a trade off, you choose.


ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS stop showing wifi adapter?

This worked for me.
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2442975&p=13959089#post13959089
apt purge bcmwl-kernel-source
apt-get install broadcom-sta-source
apt-get install broadcom-sta-dkms
apt-get install broadcom-sta-common

after this steps restart your machine.


My whole system crashed today without any warning

If you want to keep all your files, you can try running an install from disk/usb, go to "Try Ubuntu without installing". Access all the files in your drive and back them up in a cloud or separate drive and then reinstall if that's what you're asking.


What is the set of any font in Gnome-Tweak-Tool?

The Ubuntu Unity desktop allows fonts to be specified for a number of different display categories:

Application font - The font used to display text in application windows. This also changes the font used to display items such as the menus in the desktop panel.
Document font - Specifies the font that is to be used when displaying document text in an application.
Desktop font - The font used to display text under the icons on the desktop (such as folder names).
Window title font - The font used on the text in window titles.
Fixed width / Monospace font - Specifies the font to be used when the system needs to display a fixed width font. A prime example of this is the text that is rendered in a Terminal window.
Default font - As its name implies, the widely used font.


Can an empty output for the command aplay -l in the terminal reflect a audio hardware damage?

It would appear that Ubuntu does not see any sound device on your system, or it sees one it cannot work with.

From a command prompt do

dmesg > msg.out

and then

gedit msg.out

You can scroll through the boot up messages and see what it may say about any sound system.

Historically Linux systems have often had trouble with different types of sound hardware -- on that score Ubuntu is pretty good and usually works well with sound. But if your sound hardware is proprietary or unusual that could be a problem.


What should I do when the GETDEB repository is down?

2019: down again (probably forever)
The former getdeb project page is no longer related to the getdeb repository. With the expiration of their Google+ account in 2019 there are inidcators that GetDeb finally ceased to exist.
2013: GetDeb did not exist for some time
Unfortunately due to a power failure with complete data loss both, the GetDeb and the PlayDeb projects were discontinued.

After the server crash where also the GetDeb and PlayDeb database was lost and given the fact that GetDeb and PlayDeb now have too many packages to be handled as a one-man-project I decided to discontinue GetDeb and PlayDeb. GetDeb.net on Google+ 18 Jan 2013

It could be temporarily restored in 2013
Recently the getdeb and playdeb repositories were re-enabled from a backup and should operate as before.

Fortunately, we did have an up-to-date backup of the old server at the end. The last days I was busy to get everything set up. The sites are up again and you should be able to browse the packages (none should be lost) as well as to use the repository as usual.
GetDeb.net on Google+ 03 Feb 2013

What if I still have issues, or if it is down again
Due to server issues or lack of support the repositories may be down again for some time. Then we should disable their repository and wait patiently until they may operate again. Watch out for news on their projekt page or in posts from getdeb in Google+.


How folders created in /var/run on each reboot

(Thanks to @Zulakis and an answer on Serverfault for pointing out that this answer had not kept up with Ubuntu's ongoing development.)

With the adoption of systemd as of 15.04, there is now a centralized mechanism for the creation of temporary files and directories such as these. A service wishing to use this method can remove mkdir commands in its own startup script and instead place a .conf file in /etc/tmpfiles.d, /run/tmpfiles.d, or /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d, with Ubuntu services seeming to prefer the last option. For example, my system now has:

$ egrep -r /var/run /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d

/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/var.conf:L /var/run - - - - ../run
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/sudo.conf:d /var/run/sudo 0711 root root
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/sudo.conf:D /var/run/sudo/ts 0700 root root
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/postgresql.conf:d /var/run/postgresql 2775 postgres postgres - -
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/sshd.conf:d /var/run/sshd 0755 root root
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/screen-cleanup.conf:d /var/run/screen 0775 root utmp

The d means to create a directory if it doesn't already exist, after that is the path, and the rest are the permissions, user, and group. These directories will be created regardless of whether the corresponding service is ever started.

For full documentation, see man tmpfiles.d.

OLD PRE-SYSTEMD ANSWER:

Looks like they're created dynamically by individual services as they start:

$ sudo egrep -r 'mkdir.*/var/run' /etc

/etc/init.d/ssh:        mkdir /var/run/sshd
/etc/init.d/bind9:      mkdir -p /var/run/named
/etc/init.d/timidity:    mkdir -p /var/run/timidity
/etc/init.d/bzflag:                mkdir -p /var/run/bzflag
/etc/init.d/dns-clean:mkdir /var/run/pppconfig >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
/etc/init/winbind.conf: mkdir -p /var/run/samba/winbindd_privileged
/etc/init/dbus.conf:    mkdir -p /var/run/dbus
/etc/init/ssh.conf:    mkdir -p -m0755 /var/run/sshd
/etc/init/libvirt-bin.conf:     mkdir -p /var/run/libvirt
/etc/init/cups.conf:    mkdir -p /var/run/cups/certs

I believe this is the one that handles mysqld:

[ -d /var/run/mysqld ] || install -m 755 -o mysql -g root -d /var/run/mysqld
/lib/init/apparmor-profile-load usr.sbin.mysqld

man install says that the -d form will "create all components of the specified directories".


No sound output from headphone jack Ubuntu12.04

This happens to me occasionally, running

alsactl restore

always fixes it (on an XPS computer)


Ubuntu16.04 wired connection not working after suspend

I found the solution is that it needs to install r8168 driver.

Just run sudo apt install r8168-dkms and restart the computer.


Ubuntu 16.04 GTX 850M and nvidia drivers cause login screen fail to load

I had the same problem since yesterday evening. I suspect it was caused by a recent kernel update. Check your kernel version:

uname -r

For me, the nvidia driver does not work with version 4.4.0-21, but it does with a older kernel from Ubuntu 16.04, 4.4.0-18.

Here is how you can test this: If you have the nvidia drivers still installed, make sure dkms builds kernel modules for all installed kernels.

Then reboot into the GRUB boot menu, go to Advanced Options and boot the older kernel. You should now be able to login. You can run the nvidia-settings tool to make sure you are running the nvidia drivers.


If you were trying to get anyone connected to your router to access 192.168.0.1 via test1.test2.test3 then it will be router dependent and it would have nothing to do with Ubuntu.

In that case you would need to edit your router's hosts file.

For instance, if you were running OpenWRT on your router, you would edit /etc/hosts and you would add:

192.168.0.1 test1.test2.test3

and then you would run the following command:

/etc/init.d/network restart

Then anyone that connects to your router and types "test1.test2.test3" in the URL bar of their web browser, it will be taken to your web server running on: 192.168.0.1.

The logic is the same for other routers too but there may be a different way of doing the same thing. For instance, you may need to do it over the web interface.

However it will have to do with Ubuntu if you edit your hosts file in Ubuntu /etc/hosts and then anyone using "your" PC will be able to access 192.168.0.1 when typing test1.test2.test3. A restart of your PC will be required if you don't restart the network service.


You need to add its repository before you try to install the plugin.

Execute the following:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:whatsapp-purple/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pidgin-whatsapp


There seems to be a problem with the version of Virtualbox in the repos for 12.10, in order to get networking to work navigate to network settings of the VM and select "Bridged Adapter" in the drop down.

Think its down to a change in network manager and will hopefully get fixed soon.

Similarly with USB devices make sure you enable the USB in the VM settings the, attached devices should then become visible in the status bar by clicking the little USB icon


What is a '.orig.tar.xz' file in packaging?

Generally, <name>_<version>.orig.tar.xz or <name>_<version>.orig.tar.gz is the source archive, as released by the project. It's simply renamed to fit the vagaries of the Debian packaging system.

Usually, for packaging purposes, you need to unpack <name>_<version>.orig.tar.xz in the current folder and then place the debian folder inside the unpacked archive. It is important to keep the archive in place.

THEN you do the packaging stuff that you wish, either building binaries, or building the source archives (which results in a *.changes file that would be dput-ed to a PPA, for example).


How to set a permanent environment variable?

Add the following to the /etc/profile file (for system wide change) or to ~/.profile for local user.

export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/apache-tomcat-8.0.23


sh: 1: python: not found when execute python script from php

Taking the comment of @Anonymous:

Call Python providing the full path (in your virtual environment).

PS: A comment is not an answer. If you search, this question without an answer is less interesting, although it has the answer in its comments. That is why I copied it. All credits go to the other user.


Network manager wifi config with no CA certificate

This setting is set in dconf database.

  dconf dump /org/gnome/nm-applet/eap/70b2f88f-1c43-45e0-acd5-276f66bd0b98/
  ignore-phase2-ca-cert=false
  ignore-ca-cert=true

Have a look here if you want to set this as default for all users


What is "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1" in WiFi setting?

From the terminal command:

modinfo iwlwifi

parm: 11n_disable:disable 11n functionality, bitmap: 1: full, 2: disable agg TX, 4: disable agg RX, 8 enable agg TX (uint)

I am unaware of and have been unable to locate further documentation.

  And how should we choose among the available options?

In most cases, if the router is set up optimally, that is, WPA2-AES and not any mixed mode, and set to a fixed channel, not auto-channel select, we need none of them.

However, if we are connecting at work, university or a library where we have no option to reconfigure the router to suit our preferences, it is sometimes helpful to try each in turn until we connect reliably. Generally =8 is most helpful, followed by =1. I have never encountered a case helped by any other of the other options.


How do I link my eth1 network card to my DNS?

See the  /etc/resolv.conf  file. In this we can configure our dns like this:

nameserver 192.168.0.1
nameserver 192.168.0.2

In example above it mean ip of primary and secondary dns. Replace the ip of the example for those belongs to your dns provider


A shortcut to present all windows and jump to one of them with a key

Tutorial

Launch Custom Shortcuts by one of these ways:

Press Alt+Space and search for "Desktop Effects".
Open the start menu (Super) and search for "Desktop Effects".
Open the start menu (Super) and launch Settings > System Settings  then go to Workspace > Desktop Behaviour > Desktop Effects.

Search for "Present Windows" then click the second icon/button to open options for it.

Go to the "Activation" panel and select the action KWin > Toggle Present Windows (All desktops) where you can see the current shortcuts.
Set a new shortcut by clicking the appropriate cell ("Global" vs "Global Alternate") then the button next to "Custom".

To overwrite the global shortcut click the cell in the 2nd column.
To add an alternate shortcut next to the global one click the cell in the 3rd column.

Attribution

This is a more detailed and illustrated guide based on the solution from @elpddev's comment.


The keyboard shortcuts ctrl-alt and numpad numbers will position windows.

ctrl-alt-4 and ctrl-alt-6 will cover the left and right half of the screen, respectively.


How to switch windows/tasks using arrow keys

Thank you to Nmath for the helpful answer. Right below Switch Windows Directly in the Navigation section is Switch Windows (unbound by default I think) which brings up a arrow key navigable popup much like the one for Task Switcher.
But what if I want to switch windows without the popup. I discovered Alt + Esc cycles through windows. This led me to the Switch Windows Directly setting under the Navigation section after doing Devices -> Keyboard in the Settings app. One can change the key binding for Switch Windows Directly, which acts as a "next window" command, but unfortunately the corresponding "previous window" command is then bound to Shift + (the key binding of Switch Windows Directly) and can't be rebound in the Settings app. However, there is a command line utility call gsettings that can do what we want. To see the key bindings it has, do
gsettings list-recursively | grep org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings

After studying that output and some other basic gsettings information, these are the commands I used to create keybindings that allow arrow key navigation of windows.
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings cycle-windows "['<Super>Right']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings cycle-windows-backward "['<Super>Left']"

And if you prefer to have the popup, I bet
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-windows "['<Super>Right']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-windows-backward "['<Super>Left']"

(changed cycle to switch) would work for that (though I haven't tested it myself). I don't know how this stuff interacts with the Settings app. To be safe I just removed any key bindings for a command before making new ones for the command. Hopefully this has helped someone.


Error: Malformed File on boot. How to get rid of it?

This bug was fixed in the package grub2 - 2.02~beta2-21

Builds are as of this writing available only for Vivid but may work for 14.04 as well or as an alternative you could compile from source.

Sources:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/grub2/+bug/1311247

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/grub2/2.02~beta2-21


How do I increase the physical space for WSL2

Old question that seems to have been auto-bumped today since it had no answer.  With a large number of views, perhaps this can be helpful to someone else that comes across it in search results.
I'm sure that you've figured this out in the time since you asked the question, but WSL automatically will grow the virtual disk as needed to accommodate the contents of the filesystem.  To grow the physical size of that virtual disk, just add data to the root filesystem (ext4) in the WSL instance.  There's no reason to do this before you need the storage, of course.
Also note that while WSL will automatically grow the virtual disk, it cannot currently reclaim space when you remove files.  For methods to manually shrink the virtual disk, see this answer.


downgrading a ubuntu 10.04 LTS virtual server

This sounds like a job for, queue music; Rsync!

Edit: I mis-read the question, so let me update;

This sounds like a job for, queue music; Tar and Rsync!


How to make web-server address into dns?

I'm pretty sure you need one more thing, which is to make an entry in the apache virtual hosts configuration file.  It's pretty easy to do, once you see how it's done.

Normally, you would edit the file /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default, which is a link to the default file in "sites-available."

In this file, you can add any number of virtual hosts, which define a site and its directory.  So, you would add an entry to the end of the file something like this:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    <Directory /var/www/whateverdirectory>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride All
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
    </Directory>
    DocumentRoot /var/www/whateverdirectory/
    ServerName xyz.companyname.com.uk
</VirtualHost>

In my configuration file, I have the initial "VirtualHost" definition set to the root /var/www, so I can access things that are not defined in the configuration file, like phpmyadmin (which could be defined, but isn't right now), etc.  I have a static index page there saying something more useful than "It works!".


Show personalized banner exhibits on Ubuntu Software Center

Open up /usr/share/software-center/softwarecenter/backend/scagent.py and edit the beginning of this function, so that it says:

def query_exhibits(self):
    import urllib, json
    class Obj:
      def __init__(self, obj):
        self.obj = obj
      def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name[:2] == "__": return object.__getattr__(self, name)
        return self.obj[name]

    self.emit("exhibits", [Obj(x) for x in json.loads(urllib.urlopen("http://localhost:8800/cgi-bin/bannerlist.py").read())])
    return

You can leave the rest as it is, it will never be reached.

If you want scripting support in your , edit

/usr/share/software-center/softwarecenter/ui/gtk3/widgets/exhibits.py

and find settings.set_property("enable-scripts", False). Change False to True.

Now make /var/www/cgi-bin/bannerlist.py and make it executable:

#!/usr/bin/env python
import json

print("Content-type: application/json\n")

print(json.dumps([
{
  "html": "",
  "title_translated": "Hey dawg",
  "click_url": "http://4chan.org",
  "package_names": ("gimp"),
  "banner_urls": ["file:/"],
  "published": True
},
{
  "html": "",
  "title_translated": "Hey dawg",
  "click_url": "http://4chan.org",
  "package_names": ("gimp"),
  "banner_urls": ["file:/"],
  "published": True
}
]))

This demonstrates a generated banner list.

Now make /var/www/cgi-bin/banner.py and make it executable:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import time
print("Content-type: image/svg+xml\n")
print("""
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
  <rect width="300" height="100"
  style="fill:rgba(0,0,255,0.5);stroke-width:1;stroke:rgba(0,0,0,0.5)"/>
  <text x="0" y="25" fill="black">Time is """ + str(time.time()) + """</text>
</svg>
""")

This demonstrates a generated banner.

You might need to clear the software-center cache. You can do that using rm -rf ~/.cache/software-center.

Obviously you need to put something in /tmp/test.html for the first banner to work.

You also need a webserver running at 8800 with a cgi-bin for this to work. If you don't have this, run this in Bash:

cd /var/www
python -c "import BaseHTTPServer as h, CGIHTTPServer as c;
i = c.CGIHTTPRequestHandler;
i.cgi_directories = ['/cgi-bin'];
h.HTTPServer(('', 8800),i).serve_forever()"

You need to style the iframe to make it fill the space, but you figured that out.


Send mashee a dream that one day I can remotely connect to my Ubuntu using my android(remote desktop)...

On a more serious note I have tried many solutions for doing that , lastly I have tried the chrome remote chrome desktop plug-in . I installed the extension and the package (chrome-remote-desktop_current_amd64.deb ) with a debain pacakge installer. I added the following line :

exec /usr/sbin/lightdm-session "gnome-session --session=ubuntu"
in a file(.chrome-remote-desktop-session) that I created in the home directory . Then I installed the app for android ,pressed on get started and enabled remote-connections and entered the pin. Now in the android app i can see my computer however it is grayed


Unable to connect to Mobile Broadband: Huawei EC1260 - TATA Photon+

All right. Looks like it was a network problem. nothing wrong with the device or the setup.


It's good practice to backup to a separate device anytime you're doing drive management activities like partitioning, or applying file systems because they can put your partition table at risk. For example if the installation fails during the partitioning portion it could corrupt the partition table and make all the partitions unreadable. You would end up needing to use recovery software to get any data off the drive.

Also it's easier to mistakenly choose the wrong partition to install to; not likely but it does happen :P even by skilled users.

These are worst case senarios. There is nothing wrong with using a partition on the same drive as long as you understand and are willing to accept the risk.


Can't solve: ext4 file system creation failure Ubuntu 12.04

Well I've got it working. Turns out there must have been something wrong with my USB image. It ran fine and didn't show any other symptoms. Decided to recreate it anyway and used different software this time to create the bootable USB stick.

With that, the install ran just fine.

Before, I used "LinuxLive USB Creator 2.8.25".
The one I used this time (which worked) was "Universal-USB-Installer-1.9.5.1"


Creating a swap file or swap partition on the SSD/HDD

Yes, its recommended to create a swap partition.

You could make it on the HDD as it will be used very rarely.

Size- 4GB is recommended.

The Swap partition can be useful also when you are booting from a live DVD, which will automatically detect your Swap partition.

To create the swap partition-

Launch Gparted partition editor.
From devices, choose your hard disk.

shrink an existing partition by 4gb.

In the space thats created right click, new,(options) size- 4096 mb, type- linux swap, label- Swap

Then click on accept.

After this Swap partion is created you can right click on it and select SwapOn.
This will activate the swap partition.

To automatically activate (mount) the swap partition at startup, you will have to follow the following steps-

In a terminal, type

sudo blkid

This would list all your partitions and their UUIDs.
From here you need to copy the UUID of your newly created swap partition.

Then in the terminal type-

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

Inside this file there will be a list of partitions.
Now you need to make entry for your swap partition.

Like this-

UUID=a73fa26b-e12b-41d5-925f-58851419359a   swap                swap    sw          0   0

In the same way create the entry as I have created, but remeber to replace my Swap partition UUID with the one that you got using the sudo blkid command.

Here is a link about Swap partiton from the Ubuntu Web Wiki

SwapFAQ

If you are having any problems please let me know.


how does X11 forwarding with Ubuntu 17.10/Wayland?

Quoting Wayland FAQ

  No, that is outside the scope of Wayland. To support remote rendering you need to define a rendering API, which is something I've been very careful to avoid doing. The reason Wayland is so simple and feasible at all is that I'm sidestepping this big task and pushing it to the clients. It's an interesting challenge, a very big task and it's hard to get right, but essentially orthogonal to what Wayland tries to achieve.

  This doesn't mean that remote rendering won't be possible with Wayland, it just means that you will have to put a remote rendering server on top of Wayland. One such server could be the X.org server, but other options include an RDP server, a VNC server or somebody could even invent their own new remote rendering model. Which is a feature when you think about it; layering X.org on top of Wayland has very little overhead, but the other types of remote rendering servers no longer requires X.org, and experimenting with new protocols is easier.

  It is also possible to put a remoting protocol into a wayland compositor, either a standalone remoting compositor or as a part of a full desktop compositor. This will let us forward native Wayland applications. The standalone compositor could let you log into a server and run an application back on your desktop. Building the forwarding into the desktop compositor could let you export or share a window on the fly with a remote wayland compositor, for example, a friend's desktop.

TL;DR is that it "out of scope". Over the years there collected lots of apps and protocols for exactly that kind of job, and there's very little sense in adding this protocol to Wayland.

Worth mentioning that AFAIK nobody have worked on the mentioned hypotetic usage of X.org protocol on top of a Wayland compositor.

  I am asking for a report from Ubuntu 17.10 users about "X11 forwarding".

I guess you're talking about a bugreport. You won't find one (well, at least not an opened), because it would be closed as NOTABUG.

  I find many predictions of disaster

What's so bad in this? It's not like you lost a functional, there's lots of protocols for that kind of job. Besides, although I don't use X11-forwarding myself, but from what I've read it doesn't work well nowadays for many apps. I vaguely remember, it's because many apps (mainly games and those that heavy on graphics) are using direct rendering and bypass XServer.

You can just stick to X11, I don't see it as a problem. Wayland is still in-development, and X11 won't go anywhere for a very long time. In fact ATM, out of many DEs, Gnome is the single one have Wayland nicely working. You might find it funny, but not even Weston — existing for the sole purpose of being the reference implementation — have it working fully, because it doesn't support the primary selection protocol.

Some development continues in XServer-land too. E.g. just yesterday I have cursory seen some discussion about HDR implementation on #dri-devel channel of Freenode. So it is definitely not anywhere close to get obsoleted.


Search for multiple patterns from a file using find command

find doesn't seem to have such capabilities built in, but you can use xargs to construct multiple find commands using arguments from a file, like:

xargs -a patterns.txt -I% find Pictures/ -name %

where patterns.txt would be a list of patterns suitable for the -name filter, one pattern per line. Pay attention that you don't have leading/trailing spaces in there, as they would be included in the pattern. An example:

*.jpg
2018-06-*
*foo*
unicorn.png

  Note: While this answer looks quite easy and elegant, it got correctly pointed out in the comments that it has a few downsides:

  Performance is not too great for large folders or many patterns, as it will run find once per pattern in your file, causing it to repeatedly scan the whole search folder.

  Because of that, also if you have multiple patterns which could potentially overlap (like *.jpg and *foo*), files matching more than one pattern will appear that many times in the result. If you're only printing the names anyway, you could pipe the output through sort -u to remove duplicates, but if you e.g. remove those results or run any -exec commands on them, this may be more undesirable.

  If any of these downsides are a problem for your use case, maybe better go for one of the alternative answers.

Explanation of the command:

xargs will read a list of arguments and use them to construct and run a new command line.
-a patterns.txt tells it to read from that file instead of the standard input.
-I% tells it to not simply append the arguments it read to the end of the command line, but to replace the % character in the command line you supplied with one argument. This implies creating and running one separate command per input argument.
find Pictures/ -name % is the command line into which we want to insert the arguments, replacing the %. You don't need quoting here, because xargs will take care that each argument it inserts will be treated as single token and not get split on its own. You can of course replace the Pictures/ with your own search directory and also use a different and/or more filters other than just -name. Because we use the insert option, you can also append actions like -exec ... to the end of the command.


Protect root-owned script against tampering and run unattended w/ sudoers' NOPASSWD

My solution directly adapted from MarcoS' answer on StackOverflow is:

$ sudo -n /home/anyuser/Scripts/test-script cache_bak -- 2> sudo-stderr_"$(date+\%Y\%m\&d-\%H\%M\%S)".log

EXPLANATION:
The -n flag suppresses' sudo's passwd request. So nothing is displayed on stdout.
If a passwd is nevertheless required, sudo dies gracefully after sending an error message to stdderr. For example:

$ sudo -n ls
sudo: a password is required

is immediately followed by sudo process death.

To redirect sudo's stderr, first add -- after the sudo'd cmd to signify that sudo stops interpreting what comes afterwards as cmd line arguments. Redirection of stderr is as usual denoted by 2> followed by ad-hoc log-filename.


Libreoffice theme integration not working (Xubuntu)

Ensure that you have libreoffice-gtk installed, if not it will not be integrated correctly. LibreOffice is a vcl application (not sure if any other applications use that toolkit), and needs packages like that for integration with GTK+ and Qt.


Unless your WiFi connects at power up, with no need for CPU interaction,  and has PXE in ROM, no. Read the Wikipedia pages on "BIOS" and "POST Power On Self Test" and  "PXE".

It all dependent on what starts when, and what can be used to start the next step, on the Long and Complex Journey from OFF to ON.


How to create hundred thousand (100,000) files with extension of “.jpg”, ‘.c’, ‘.sh’?

There are many ways to do this:

Using head with a simple for construct:

for ext in jpg c sh; do head -c 5K /dev/zero >{1..33333}."$ext"; done

Similarly tail -c 5K would work also.
Using dd:

for ext in jpg c sh; do dd if=/dev/zero bs=1K count=5 >{1..33333}."$ext"; done

Using truncate (this would create sparse files):

for ext in jpg c sh; do truncate -s 5K {1..33333}."$ext"; done

All of the above will create files with extensions .sh, .c and .jpg. Each file will be of 5KB and each extension will have 33,333 files.


GnuPG Error - GnuPG failed to start because of "unsafe permissions"

The error message already includes a detailed problem statement. You probably migrated your .gnupg folder from another machine, or tampered another way with the file permissions.

These two lines fix the permissions. The first one ensures that the ~/.gnupg folder (and everything in it) is actually yours. To possibly overtake ownership, it requires root privileges, thus the sudo. The second line makes sure nobody but you can read its contents (remove read, write and execute permissions for group and other users).

sudo chown -R ${USER}:${USER} ~/.gnupg
chmod -R go-rwx ~/.gnupg


How to find out the size of recently downloaded files?

Perhaps something like this would be a good start:
apt show libecal2.0-dev libgcr-3-dev libgirepository1.0-dev libgjs-dev | grep Installed-Size

To get the list of files installed by a package:
dpkg -L libecal2.0-dev

Edit: To include sizes of dependencies, at least first-level:
apt show $(apt show libecal2.0-dev | grep Depends | sed -e 's/.*Depends://;s/\(([^,]*)\),\?//g') | grep -E '(^Package|Installed-Size)'

This could be iterated over to consider n levels of dependency, but I suppose that may be more useful with prior knowledge of already installed packages on your system before you installed that set of dev packages, in order to avoid counting those already present packages as part of the dev packages' footprint.


Suddenly nothing appears on Ubuntu except Desktop background; Also super key, alt+tab has stopped working

Ok, I got it solved. From one of the Ubuntu forums, I found that there is something to do with Unity, I ran below commands and now everything is back.

sudo apt-get install unity
sudo apt-get upgrade unity
sudo reboot

[Note: However still few things are mystery to me. Why the things mentioned in question happened in first place?

I have a dual boot of XP + Ubuntu on a 5 year old laptop. In windows, I had 3 logins, with mine login being the primary one. I had installed a cisco vpn 1-2 days back and since then other 2 logins are not working. This problem has also appeared after that. Weird!]


On a *50 series ThinkPad (Intel Broadwell) you should install the newest available kernel (4.2 from Wily) and graphics stack (from Vivid):

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-wily xserver-xorg-core-lts-vivid xserver-xorg-lts-vivid xserver-xorg-video-all-lts-vivid xserver-xorg-input-all-lts-vivid libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-vivid

Refer to https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack

I also strongly suggest to reinstall with 64 bit.


What happened to the Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter?

Thank you for asking this question and I want to apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused you or other readers.

I’m the Ubuntu News Team Leader and Chief Editor of the Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter.

However, as of the end of last October I had to take a less active roll in the producing UWN due to a house fire and all the fall out that comes with that.  Other team members--Elizabeth Krumbach (pleia2) and Nathan Handler (nhandler)--have worked hard to field questions and produce UWN in my absence, but it’s a lot of work as pleia2 even wrote about on her blog.

Prior to October though,  the team has needed more volunteers to accomplish covering the scope of the Ubuntu Community.  Many people want to help without realizing the time, energy, and effort that goes into making the publication work.

In the last year, we have moved the team into a public IRC channel on irc.freenode.net --#ubuntu-news-- so that we, the Ubuntu News Team,  would be working in the open and allow for more “drive-by” contributors with the understanding that not every suggestion will make it into UWN, but stressing that each suggestion is appreciated and wanted.

We asked readers to answer a short survey so the format could be updated based on reader preference.  We’ve looked at new ways to offer the news letter in addition to the wiki page and plain text email.

If the process stays the same then it takes upwards of 16+ hours to put the newsletter together and publish it.  It is not an automated process nor should it be.  It takes someone and or many people to make sure we link to the original stories, that the summaries capture the spirit and meaning of an article in 3 to 4 sentences.

We check spelling, grammar, format, links and more, but we won’t change the authors original writing.

In short, there hasn’t been a newsletter because there hasn’t been people willing to help.  Asking the same 3 or 4 people to give up weekends for years is not acceptable either and that’s what was happening and because of that we are looking at ways to keep burn out from happening going forward.

The good news in all of this is a re-launch is being planned and will take place after UDS-O. However, more contributors are needed for every detail of the newsletter and without that UWN will not be a predictable and consistent publication.

Anyone wishing to help with UWN please can contact me or the news team and we can get UWN polished, perfected and reflecting the pulse of the community one week at a time again!


How can I create new "gksu" command based on pkexec?

Before you can use pkexec with gedit and nautilus you need to copy the polkit rules to support them. This will automatically be done in Ubuntu 17.04 but in the mean time you need to wget them.

Nautilus Policy Kit

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hotice/webupd8/master/org.gnome.nautilus.policy -O /tmp/org.gnome.nautilus.policy
sudo cp /tmp/org.gnome.nautilus.policy /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/

Gedit Policy Kit

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hotice/webupd8/master/org.gnome.gedit.policy -O /tmp/org.gnome.gedit.policy
sudo cp /tmp/org.gnome.gedit.policy /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/

"gsu" bash script to replace "gksu"

Creating a bash script is one of two ways to call pxexec using the somewhat familiar term of gsu. Create this file in one of your paths:

#!/bin/bash

# Usage: gsu gedit file1 file2...
#  -OR-  gsu natuilus /dirname

# & is used to spawn process and get prompt back ASAP
# > /dev/null is used to send gtk warnings into dumpster

COMMAND=$1 # extract gedit or nautilus

pkexec "$COMMAND" "${@:2}" &> /dev/null&

Save the file and mark it as executable with chmod +x gsu

Now instead of typing gksu to edit grub configuration you can use:

gsu gedit /etc/default/grub

"gsu" as an alias of "pkexec" to replace "gksu"

Creating an alias is the second option to call pxexec using the somewhat familiar term of gsu. Open the file ~/.bashrc and search for alias. You will see this:

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

After the last line add this:

alias gsu='pkexec'

Save the file and exit.


compare two xls file to remove duplicate rows

Libreoffice:  Data → Filter → Advanced Filter → Options → Duplicate rows disabled

You can copy contents of both files into a sheet, remove the duplicates and create 2 new files if you want. That would need some kind of marker in the sheet so you can see file 2 started.

No special magic needed.


How can I manage multiple administrators with juju?

Juju is really not at this time optimized for multiple admins. In
particular, some of the security issues that are currently seen in
Juju become more pronounced when working with multiple
admins. However, with some caveats, this can still remain a useful
option for a trusted - and thus likely small - group of admins.

With that in mind, let's look at the relevant configuration
items in the ~/.juju/environment.yaml file.

The authorized-keys item is used in the environment bootstrap to
define the public SSH keys for the ubuntu user on the bootstrap node
(machine 0, on which ZooKeeper runs) and all subsequently provisioned
nodes. Simply list authorized one public key per line. It will look
like the following:

authorized-keys: |
    ssh-rsa AAAblahblahZZZZ user@domain
    ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAfoobarZZZZ= user2@domain

This approach is preferrable to using authorized-keys-path - or its
default (~/.ssh/) - which is only suitable for one admin, given that
you would then have to share SSH keys (don't do that!). Simply put,
this is just a limitation of how authorized-keys-path is
implemented.

Next, cloud providers define their specific security credentials,
which Juju then uses. By way of example, let's take a look at EC2,
specifically AWS. For AWS two keys are used to determine access:
access-key and secret-key, corresponding to environment variables
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY (these are the
defaults if not specified in the config file). The challenge here for
a multiple admin environment - or even the single admin environment -
is that this information is copied to ZooKeeper and is readily visible
in the ZK node /environment. See Juju bug #907094.

In the AWS example, some degree of control can be provided on your
access keys through the use of AWS Identity and Access Management FAQ
(search for this), but currently there is no mechanism to provide more
fine-grained control to a given admin in a Juju environment.

One additional pattern seen in our own usage, especially in testing,
is worth noting: a Juju environment ("control") set up on a given node
to control other Juju environments; simply deploy the juju charm
to have this set up. It takes as a config option the
environment.yaml to be used. Additional admins can then be later
authorized as the ubuntu user by manually adding their keys to
~ubuntu/.ssh/authorized-keys.

This allows for a single point to manage some of these concerns, while
minimizing the headache. It does nothing to address some of the
security concerns mentioned earlier - you still must have a reasonably
deep trust of your other admins.

Juju will resync environments.yaml to the ZK node /environment upon
the use of certain commands (juju add-unit, juju constraints-get,
juju constraints-set, juju deploy, juju terminate-machine). In
practice, this will not be terribly useful - except for its real
intended usage, of supporting constraints. However, it can help
minimize the need to update authorized-keys files as any newly
provisioned machines after the sync will get that; you would then just
be responsible for updating earlier provisioned machines.

While I'm on this point, it is worth noting how and where in
 ~ubuntu/.ssh/authorized-keys are actually used:

All Juju control commands, with two exceptions, use a SSH tunnel to
the ZooKeepeer instance to manage or lookup info from the Juju
environment. (juju bootstrap and juju destroy-environment
directly work with the underlying cloud provider API.)  So you
definitely need to keep the authorized-keys on machine 0 current.
juju ssh and juju scp enable working with a machine directly,
and they also need to have current authorized-keys that you will
have to consider updating in the multiple admin case. These
commands by default use the ubuntu user on the target machine.


Ubuntu login screen loop and terminal error on environment variable

Add to the end of your /etc/profile configuration file:

export PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:$PATH

You could also check what is in /etc/environment if there's $PATH variable present. And if present and does not include /usr/bin:/bin, you could add it instead of adding it to /etc/profile.


How to switch between windows 8 and Ubuntu?

1 time

Hold down (right) SHIFT to display the menu during boot. In certain cases, pressing the ESC key may also display the menu.

  Permanent

You need to tell the bootloader to stop starting the default OS.

From command line:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

The option

GRUB_TIMEOUT=10

will wait 10 seconds before starting the default OS. If you set it to -1 it will wait for you to choose an OS. After editing configuration you need to do a

sudo update-grub

for it to accept the changes the next time you boot.


Audio suddenly stopped, pulseaudio reinstall has not helped? (14.04)

For anybody that comes here in the future, there's a much easier solution to this problem as found here. It worked like a charm for me.

cd ~/.config
mv pulse/ pulse.bak/
pulseaudio --start
cp -rp pulse.bak/presets pulse/

You will see a bunch of errors about files in ~/.config/pulse/ not existing which you can ignore when you start pulseaudio. The presets folder will only exist if you have pulseaudio-equalizer installed (and maybe only if you've already set presets). It just stores your presets so it's not a huge deal either way, but it's nice to copy if you've already put work into your custom presets and want to keep them.


Does it boot if you go through the recovery menu? If so, see my post here:
NVidia driver, normal boot results in blank screen, recovery boot works fine


Ubuntu becomes quite laggy after wake up

It could be the msr register 0x19a is not set back to 0 after resume. Try to set it to 0 by installing msr-tools and run wrmsr 0x19a 0x0.

It fixes for me.


The disk may or may not be mounted another issue I found if it is a blank HDD is to format it to a ext4 format using a program such as GParted


Installing a secondary DE without too much trouble

Since Ubuntu doesn't really have very good support for multiple DEs, things like themes, icons, and colors will be the same in every DE you install. Some programs will too.

Unfortunately, I don't think there's a way to isolate DEs from each other, so there's always the issue of conflicts and other annoyances from installing another DE along with your current one.

It's really just a risk you have to take when you install multiple DEs. If one causes problems, or you don't like it, it can always be uninstalled with

sudo apt-get purge DENAME-*

but that could uninstall important packages for every DE installed.


How can I shorten my command line (bash) prompt?

To change it for the current terminal instance only
Just enter PS1='\u:\W\$ ' and press enter.

To change it "permanently"
In your ~/.bashrc, find the following section:

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi

Remove the @\h, and replace the \w with an uppercase \W, so that it becomes:

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\W\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u:\W\$ '
fi

Save, exit, close terminal and start another to see the result.

Tons more options!

See here for a more extensive howto, with many more options
See this answer for using up a tiny Python script to set the prompt so that the shortening only occurs when you are deep in a directory structure.


Does Ubuntu 12.10 support ASIX AX88772 Ethernet controller chip out-of-the-box?

The driver for this chip is in the Linux kernel module asix. This module will handle a lot of USB vendor/product combinations as of the version in Ubuntu's 3.5.0-18:

$ modinfo asix
filename:       /lib/modules/3.5.0-18-generic/kernel/drivers/net/usb/asix.ko
license:        GPL
description:    ASIX AX8817X based USB 2.0 Ethernet Devices
version:        22-Dec-2011
author:         David Hollis
srcversion:     0889AC645D9EA92D3DE4C5B
alias:          usb:v0B95p7E2Bd*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*
alias:          usb:v0DB0pA877d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*

<snip>

alias:          usb:v0846p1040d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*
alias:          usb:v077Bp2226d*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*
depends:        usbnet
intree:         Y

However, I find some (old) bug stating it won't work out of the box in Debian. And, more importantly, if you need this in a Live environment, make sure it is one with one of these packages installed into.


for a laptop cpu that is more than fine, my MacBooks CPU runs hotter than that when idling.


I ran into this issue not 20 minutes ago. The solution for me was to run sudo apt-get update and install the package afterwards.


For me the solution was to run vncserver as a specific user:
@reboot sudo -u YOUR_USERNAME vncserver :1 -localhost -geometry 1920x1080

If the above doesn't solve the problem, make cron start vncserver every minute (to get the error as fast as possible) and redirect the stdout and stderr logs to a file, which will tell you the actual error.
* * * * * vncserver :1 -localhost -geometry 1920x1080 >> ~/cron_vncserver_output.log 2>&1


Display brightness control not working in 17.10

Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
Edit the /etc/default/grub file by running:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Change the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor acpi_osi=Linux"

Press Ctrl+O to save
Press Ctrl+X to exit
Update GRUB by running:

sudo update-grub

Reboot


DISKPART "CLEAN" Command issue in MiniTool Partition Wizard with Ubuntu 16.04

I could recover the partition table using the following steps.

I booted using a ubuntu-live USB and opened the desktop environment.
I connected to internet and installed testdisk

sudo apt-get install testdisk

Then I started testdisk and followed the menu.

Select disk >  select partition table type (i used the default 'Intel' partition type that the software detected > Select Analyse > Hit enter once more for for advance search > Deeper search >

The partitions are listed and the deleted partitions are indicated with letter D.

Select the parition/s that you want to recover with up and down arrow keys. Use left and right arrow keys to change the D to P (primary) or L (logical) and then select write

reboot

(Followed the testdisk demo from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jbWfGePrqo)


The big question is how much RAM do you have. You'll want to have at least a gigabyte and you're way better off with four... but one gig will do.

Go to http://ubuntu.com and download the latest version. If you have a CD drive burn the image to CD. When you boot from the CD, select "Try ubuntu without installing". This should get you to a desktop where you'll be able to check out the basic functionality and whether things like sound etc are working... though if it's a Win 7 machine I expect everything on it will be well supported.

If you don't have a CD drive you'll want to take the ISO and use it to create a bootable USB thumb drive. You can find instructions for how to do that on a windows system at https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#0

If you're thinking you're going to completely ditch Win7, then try clicking on "Install Ubuntu" and go through the install process. As its your first time, I'd suggest going "erase disk and install ubuntu" and let the installer figure out the partitioning for you. After you install fire it up and take a look around.

If you have a list of what's in your PC that will be helpful (video card, sound card, RAM, cpu, etc) as far as people being able to help you out with any particularities (esp. wrt video... depending on what's in there you may find that you'll be able to wring a LOT more performance out by installing specific drivers that aren't included with the default install).

There will be a steep learning curve at first. You'll want to do some reading about how unix type systems work (for example, no drive letters... instead one mounts partitions at various places in the file system). On the plus side, as you learn about how linux works you'll find you end up with a far greater control over your computer than you can get with Windows. The best part is that after you go linux you'll never get held up for money to make sure your computer works ever again... you may have to read and figure stuff out but you'll always be the one in control.

Personally I highly recommend taking a shot at it. I went linux about a decade back and I don't regret it in the least.

Oh, and it's a golden era for games under linux; if you have a steam account install the client and see what you've got available. Currently my big games are CS:GO, The Long Dark (so beautiful), and Overload (Descent spiritual descendant by the original developers of Descent Back In The Day... most excellent). There are many many great games available under linux now so you'll want to browse around in steam to see what you can get.

Good luck!


Mysql server 5.7 is the updated and current version. Since you did not specify the version in the first command, The latest version will be installed for that matter


Using setxkbmap for a simple remap (similar to xmodmap)

You can follow the general idea seen in my answer on a similar problem; if you still want layout switching (although still quite broken) you should define a new layout or variant.

Notice that the template to copy and modify for the editing an keypad is a bit difficult to find. In my keyboard, for example, the geometry is "pc105"; this is defined in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc. If you look into it, it include:

[...]
key <SPCE> {        [        space          ]       };

include "srvr_ctrl(fkey2vt)"
include "pc(editing)"
include "keypad(x11)"

key <BKSP> {        [ BackSpace, BackSpace  ]       };
[...]

The keypad is defined in the file /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad

[...]
default  partial hidden keypad_keys
xkb_symbols "x11" {
   include "keypad(operators)"

   key  <KP7> {        [  KP_Home,     KP_7    ]       };
   key  <KP8> {        [  KP_Up,       KP_8    ]       };
[...]

For the name of the key symbols (keysims), the best place to look is into the file /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h; you may need to have the development packages installed to have it (or install it by instaling x11proto-core-dev):

[...]
/* Cursor control & motion */

#define XK_Home                          0xff50
#define XK_Left                          0xff51  /* Move left, left arrow */
#define XK_Up                            0xff52  /* Move up, up arrow */
[...]

the keysym name is the one you have once removed the "XK_" string.


"No boot device available" after Dual Boot Install Attempt with Windows 8

First, understand that under EFI/UEFI, the computer stores boot loaders on a partition known as an EFI System Partition (ESP). This partition holds a FAT32 filesystem and is identified by a particular partition type code, which parted, GParted, and similar libparted-based tools identify as having the "boot flag" set. Thus, when you removed the "boot flag" from your ESP, you damaged the disk, and setting the "boot flag" on a Linux or Windows exacerbated this problem. These actions are probably why your computer stopped booting anything. You should use GParted to re-set the "boot flag" on the ESP and remove it from all other partitions. Your Boot Repair output shows this set correctly, so my guess is that you've either already done this or your Boot Repair output was taken before you altered your boot flags. (Your post isn't clear on when the Boot Repair output was taken.)

Second, I'm not entirely sure what the "locked ESP" message you referred to means; I've never encountered this myself, and I don't recall hearing of it, either. My guess is that it refers to a partition having a read-only flag set, but I'm not positive of that. If I'm right, this flag can be removed with gdisk (installed from a package of the same name): Type x to get to the experts' menu, then type a to adjust flags. This will show the flags (in an admittedly crude user interface); near the bottom, you'll see:

Attribute value is 1000000000000000. Set fields are:
60 (read-only)

If you don't see that 60 (read-only) line, then hit the Enter key followed by q to quit without saving. If this line is present, though, type 60 to toggle the flag off, then hit Enter, then hit w to save your changes.

Disabling Secure Boot could be helpful, or even necessary; but disabling EFI-mode booting or enabling legacy-mode booting will be unhelpful.

You might try downloading the CD-R or USB flash drive image of rEFInd and burning/writing it to a suitable medium. You might then be able to boot that medium to get a working boot manager, which should enable you to boot Linux. If that works, then installing the rEFInd Debian package from within your booted system may get rEFInd working from your hard disk, without help from an external medium. If rEFInd works from the external medium but not from the hard disk installation, then you've got a buggy firmware. Numerous specific bugs can cause this general symptom. The most general solution is to rename your boot loaders so that rEFInd launches instead of the Windows boot loader. This is described in the rEFInd documentation, and Ubuntu's Boot Repair does something similar with GRUB. Some computer manufacturers make things even harder, though, by creating their own boot partitions -- manufacturer-specific variants on the ESP. Your Boot Repair output makes it look like your computer may have such a partition (/dev/sda2), but Boot Repair hasn't found any boot loader files on that partition. Thus, it's not clear what, if any, extra steps would have to be taken on your system because of this. Finding all the files with names that end in .efi or .EFI on that partition might provide some clues about that.


Xfce can not start preferred applications under Ubuntu 19.04

Had the same problem. The bug was reported  in the Debian bugs list

sudo apt install libexo-1-0

worked for me.


You should let linux manage the process of determining which version of the module to load, as it must be the one for the kernel you are running. So, from any directory, just do (and for example):

$ lsmod | grep "speakup"
$ sudo modprobe speakup_dummy
[sudo] password for doug:
modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'speakup_dummy': No such device
$ lsmod | grep "speakup"
speakup               102400  0
$


lsattr: Permission denied While reading flags on directory

I had a similar problem on an ext4 filesystem.

The solution was: unmount filesystem, use debugfs in interactive mode.  It is similar to a shell and allows to do many operations bypassing all permissions, including deleting files and directories.


Laptop keeps generating heat after shutting down

I'm having similar issues with a Lenovo X1 Yoga. It worked with 16.10 for a couple of months but stopped doing a complete shutdown about 2 or 3 months ago. About the same time it stopped suspending/resuming.

Note: I would Comment but the stupid kharma rules prevent me from using Comment right now.


gedit. is a powerful text-editor that can be extended with some plugins one of my favorite plugin is gedit-dash although you can't install it via ubuntu-software-center but you can download the files from a Dropbox url the quickest way to install is via command line like this.

dependencies

sudo apt-get -y install python-pygments
wget http://dl.dropbox.com/u/7162902/gedit-dash.tar.gz
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/gedit/plugins
sudo file-roller gedit-dash.tar.gz --extract-to=/home/YOUR USERNAME/.local/share/gedit/plugins

rename the "YOUR USERNAME" comment to... your username

while we are taking about installing gedit-dash lets upgrade to the latest stable version of gedit (3.2.6) this may take 10 min or less.

sudo apt-get build-dep gedit

cd /tmp
wget http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/gedit/3.2/gedit-3.2.6.tar.xz
tar Jxf gedit-3.2.6.tar.xz
cd gedit-3.2.6
./configure
make
sudo make install

hope this will help


Just think about it! If someone is able to hack the webserver and gain root access on your Ubuntu machine, the intruder has good chances to detect and infiltrate other machines in that same network.

I would use a firewall like pfsense and use a DMZ (DeMilitarizedZone) for that purpose.

Add another small machine put it directly behind your router. The firewall splits and inspects the traffic and will (NAT) forward it to two separate cables and/or switches in two totally seperate networks.

In this scenari the attacker can still attack the webserver, but there is no other server to work with, your personal data is a way safer that way. You yourself can "poke" a hole from the "GREEN" net to your server, to fill it with data.

FYI - you can also use ufw instead of pfsense. But the add. features pfsense has are quite good, it is easy to use, so I personally prefer it that way.


Quicklists for Unity Launcher's Home Folder icon not working when Nautilus is closed

As mentioned in Ubuntu Wiki, there are two type of quicklists: static and dynamic. Bookmarks quicklist is a dynamic quicklist. So, it will be available only if your nautilus is running.

nautilus is always running in background unless you or some process killed it.

If you disabled nautilus to manage your desktop (for example you hid desktop icons) to restore quicklists you can:

Open a folder. From now on nautilus will be running even if you close all Nautilus windows, so quicklists will be displayed.
Just add nautilus -n to a start-up script like .xsessionrc in your home folder (see this answer). Or go to Startup Applications, click "Add" and insert the command nautilus -n. This way you can have nautilus autostarting in the
background even if hide-desktop-icons feature is in use.


I think there are a lot of variables when it comes to plymouth (specifically the graphics card and what drivers you're using).

I'm using an Nvidia card with the proprietary drivers. Initially plymouth didn't work and it would fall back to the text based boot screen. I came across a script that fixed it and let me select the resolution just barely today and it seems to work great.

http://www.webupd8.org/2010/10/script-to-fix-ubuntu-plymouth-for.html

At that link you'll also find a script to reverse the effects of the script.

I wouldn't expect it to conflict with Burg since (I think) the bootloader is unrelated to plymouth (being started by the OS and not the boot loader ... could be wrong though).

In my experience it has been completely safe.


What's going to be new for Ubuntu 11.04?

Others have pointed out the uds-n sprint page already, so I will concentrate on answering information on how best to determine what might be in 11.04

We have a remote participation page so that users can follow along with the sessions. Every session on the schedule will have a corresponding IRC channel and a live audio stream.

For certain sessions that we think might be interesting to users we publish video proceedings of the sessions for each UDS, along with the plenary presentations. This should give you an idea of the process that Ubuntu developers use to select features for 11.04.

Once the blueprints are selected you can monitor the burndown charts (broken down by person and team) to see how progress of your favorite feature is coming along.


Xubuntu 11.10 won't boot without an attached monitor

The best idea would be to remove lightdm and the plymouth* packages, do a sudo update-initramfs -u and reboot. Other solutions may exist; see other posts tagged headless.

This way, your login window won't come and you can still start the GUI from CLI with startxfce4 when the need arises.


LXDE/Lubuntu sees Java .jar files as zip archives instead of java archives when Webupd8 Oracle Java 8 is used

If you are willing to try a little shell scripting the first time, you can make this command a shortcut on your homepage.

This will be along the lines of this tutorial: How can I create a quick launcher in Lubuntu?

Write a Simple Bash Script

For this instance, the first think you'll want to do is write your script. In any text editor (Leafpad or nano are easy), type this file:

#!/bin/bash

java -jar /home/dave/Downloads/Minecraft.jar

(but then replace "/home/dave/Downloads/Minecraft.jar" with the absolute path to the .jar file you want to run.)

Once you've written that script, I would recommend you save that it in a folder in your home directory called "bin". In my example case, I have saved it as /home/dave/bin/Minecraft.sh

Change Permissions of Your Script

Next, you'll need to allow execution of that script. If you don't mind if other users can execute it, you can use:

chmod 755 ~/bin/Minecraft.sh

...Which gives you the right to read, write, and execute that file, and gives others the right to read & execute the file.

Finally, time to make the desktop shortcut.

Again in the terminal, type:

lxshortcut -o ~/Desktop/Minecraft

Replace Minecraft with the name you'd like it to have. This will create a desktop icon with that name and allow you to set it up.

Under Desktop Entry, next to "Command:" you will be able to browse to your script file (the .sh you made earlier) and give it a description or a new icon, if you want.

Now, with a double-click of that shortcut, you should have Java opening that .jar

Note: Edited from original answer that relied on Nautilus.


You can append the following line to ~/.bashrc or /etc/bash.bashrc (to apply it for all user):

TMOUT=120

Then source ~/.bashrc or open new login shell and after 120 seconds of inactivity it will be closed. Note the login shell could be a hardware TTY/console or ssh connection, or some GIU terminal emulator as gnome-terminal, etc.

Source:

OSTechNix: How To Auto Logout Inactive Users After A Period Of Time In Linux


So here was the solution.  In the BIOS when the PC boots up you press F2.  Find the section that has USB Emulation and make sure it is disabled. Not sure what this is doing but I turned it off and it would boot to the standard install fine.

I came across another issue after the install completed though.  I would get to the login screen, then login, and hear the standard ubuntu login, but all I could see was the mouse and nothing else appeared on the screen.  I've had a simliar issue before with the free & open video driver not working, so what I had to do was press ctrl+alt+F1, this will bring you to a console shell where you can login from there.  You will get a terminal once logged in.  From there you have to do:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati

This should install the latest ATI drivers from the net.  Once they are finished installing then just do a:

sudo reboot

This should start the reboot of your machine, this time try and login again and hopefully it will work.

Note, from the comment below: I have found that after ubuntu is installed and everything is running fine, if I turn on USB emulation for some reason Ubuntu can't boot.  Not sure why but I don't need it so it doesn't matter to me.


Can I have a computer with 2 physical HDs, & Dual boot option, one for Windows & one for Ubuntu

Yes, you can do this easily.

The easiest way is to first install Windows on one drive and get it working.  Then, install Ubuntu with that drive present but choose the second hard drive (probably sdb), using the entire drive as one partition (sdb1).  The install will automatically detect the Windows OS on the first drive (sda), and create a dual-boot menu (using GRUB).


LAMP : PHP not executed, downloded instead

Thanks to @Panther it turned out I was using nginx, not apache... so problem solved. Thanks again @Panther!

You probably want to remove or disable nginx

sudo systemctl disable nginx

or

sudo apt-get remove nginx


Can't install Ubuntu from USB on Intel Mac OSX 10.4

I also have a Mac running Mavericks and I installed Ubuntu on it without using refit. Make sure the USB you are using is a bootable USB. I used a bootable DVD to do my installation, just because its much easier to create a bootable DVD using disk utility. Here are the steps I used: (This method worked for me, I am currently using Ubuntu to answer this question and do programming on it)

   1. Use disk utility to make a free disk space partition of how much ever space you
      want to provide for your Ubuntu.
   2. Once you make the partition, you want to insert the DVD or USB into the macbook
      and restart your computer.
   3. On startup, hold down the 'alt' button on your macbook to get to the boot menu.
   4. Choose the boot DVD or USB and it should take you to the installation process.
   5. Once you go through the pick you language step, you should get an option
      asking if you want to install Ubuntu along side mac OS, remove your current OS
      and install Ubuntu, or custom.
   6. Choose whichever you want, whether you want to run it alongside or just have
      Ubuntu and remove Mac OS completely. That's your choice.
   7. From there just follow the steps and you should be good, it will update and
      when it restarts you will see the menu to boot from Ubuntu, or if you chose to
      run alongside mac, to boot from mac. (Quick Tip: If you choose to boot mac,
      don't choose mac from the boot menu whenever your laptop turns on. Just hit
      'esc' and type 'exit' and hit 'enter', that should boot in Mac OS then. If you want to boot in
      Ubuntu just leave it alone and it will automatically boot into Ubuntu.)

* Do remember to BACK UP YOUR MACBOOK before trying to install Ubuntu on your Mac since it is very tricky and kind of risky. If something goes wrong you can always boot back into Mac and install Mavericks again. Shouldn't lose anything but its always best to Backup! Remember it is TRICKY and RISKY so if you try this... Pay attention to what you do and try at your own risk.*


How to add an Ubuntu entry to grub menu? (CentOS dual boot)

Configuration File Structure
The GRUB menu interface configuration file is /boot/grub/grub.conf. The commands to set the global preferences for the menu interface are placed at the top of the file, followed by stanzas for each operating kernel or operating system listed in the menu.
The following is a very basic GRUB menu configuration file designed to boot either Ubuntu Linux or else(centos legacy grub):
edit this file from centos terminal /boot/grub/menu.lst  and to find about which (hd*,0) echo this file /boot/grub/device.map if this dont work then lookup for locating grub2(ubuntu 14.04) from grub-legacy(centos-6.*)

default=0
timeout=10
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz

# section to load Linux
#your current running os i.e. centos v6.7 running grub-legacy
title CentOS 6.7 Linux (---1.ent)
    root (hd0,0)
    kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.21-1 ro root=/dev/sda2
    initrd /initrd-2.4.21-1.img

title Ubuntu
    root (hd0,2)
    # replace ? with filename of Ubuntu kernel image
    kernel /? root=/dev/sda3


Package named php5 or php5.6 is just a meta-package that pulls one of the available web SAPIs (apache2, fpm or cgi). The easiest way how to remove full stack of packages is to remove php5-common and/or php5.6-common package as everything else depends on it, e.g.:

apt-get purge php5-common

The other option would be to use wildcard support in apt-get and do:

apt-get purge 'php5*'


How does apt-get use /var/cache/apt/archives/lock?

Short answer is that apt is using fcntl to control lock files.

Depend on what you are doing different locks will be created by apt, let's consider sudo apt update which apt-pkg/update.cc is responsible of, and runs this condition before actually updating our sources lists:

if (Fetcher.GetLock(_config->FindDir("Dir::State::Lists")) == false)

Note that _config->FindDir("Dir::State::Lists") will return: /lists, you can find this out by running:

$ apt-config dump | grep lists
Dir::State::lists "lists/";

So GetLock() will creates a lock file in /var/lib/apt/lists/, and if I run an other sudo apt update process I'll get:

Reading package lists... Done
E: Could not get lock /var/lib/apt/lists/lock ...
E: Unable to lock directory /var/lib/apt/lists/

GetLock() itself lives here in apt-pkg/contrib/fileutl.cc:

Let's have a look at its comment:

// GetLock - Gets a lock file                       /*{{{*/
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
/* This will create an empty file of the given name and lock it. Once this
   is done all other calls to GetLock in any other process will fail with
   -1. The return result is the fd of the file, the call should call
   close at some time. */

So next time when I run apt update this function instead of creating the lock file will returns -1 and our condition fails and we receive an error.

If we look into the codes of GetLock  we can see that it's using fcntl to provide its functionalities.

Basically fileutl.cc is a file utility containing two main function, which defines GetLock as "dpkg compatible lock file manipulation" method.

fcntl itself provides a bunch of system calls to manipulate file descriptors. One of the functionalities which is being provided by fcntl is "POSIX record locks, also known as process-associated locks":

man 2 fcntl

And I'm sure you already know the idea behind using lock files, but to make sure everyone who comes here knows about it:

What is the purpose of lock file?


Find the additional packages installed with a given program by apt or apt-get?

apt-cache rdepends thunar

gives you the dependencies of the program..

Or look in /var/log/apt/history.log
which would give you the exact list information you are after.

References:
How to list dependent packages (reverse dependencies)?