In GNOME 3 shell, in applications tab I cannot see any icon. How to get it?

Corrected the problem. Thanks to the guys at GNOME Bugzilla. I reported this problem there and they were quick to reply.

Apparently one of the .desktop file had wrong encoding of the file name (a stupid windows application i installed using wine).
These files are located in either ~/.local/share/applications or /usr/share/applications. Upon renaming it, my application icons were back.

Again thanks to Jasper St. Pierre at GNOME.


I'm making the assumption you are running the Unity Interface - if you are using the classic Gnome interface then the following doesnt apply to you.

In Unity, all the previous Gnome Panel applets will not work - except if they were Application Indicators.  Unity doesnt allow you to "right click" and add to Panel anymore.

If you start Tom-Boy from the Dash (click the top left 'circle of friends' icon and search from Tom) you should hopefully see the new Tom-Boy Application Indicator displayed in the top-left of the screen.

Add Tom-Boy to the "Startup Applications" so that the Application Indicator is started when you next login.


Go to the link below and set the home page

http://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/How%20to%20set%20the%20home%20page


back up windows 7 and my previous data of windows

No, I'm sorry.

You given Ubuntu the instructions to install to your HDD, and it has overwritten Windows, and all other data present on the HDD.


Issue with file explorer on launcher menu

That's a bug with Nautilus. Refer to here -

You can goto your previously opened window by scrolling over the File icon.


CPU number differs in 'About this computer' and /cpu/cpuinfo

I think CPU cores are best-explained in relation to Symmetric MultiProcessing (SMP).

Intel Core 2 Duo Diagram to show the physical layout.

The system's CPU info is stored in the /proc directory.  It can be neatly presented by the lscpu software, as below.  I'm giving a three examples for contrast: a desktop with 2 CPU cores, a server with 48, and a Raspberry Pi with 4.

Desktop Computer
user@hostname:~$ lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                2
On-line CPU(s) list:   0,1
Thread(s) per core:    1
Core(s) per socket:    2
Socket(s):             1
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 60
Stepping:              3
CPU MHz:               800.000
BogoMIPS:              5586.94
Virtualization:        VT-x
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              2048K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0,1

Server
user@hostname% lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                48
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-47
Thread(s) per core:    2
Core(s) per socket:    12
Socket(s):             2
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 62
Stepping:              4
CPU MHz:               1799.724
BogoMIPS:              3600.09
Virtualization:        VT-x
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              30720K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-47

Raspberry Pi
jeff@clear-pi:~ $ lscpu
Architecture:          armv7l
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                4
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3
Thread(s) per core:    1
Core(s) per socket:    4
Socket(s):             1
Model name:            ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
CPU max MHz:           900.0000
CPU min MHz:           600.0000

The server total is 48, but there are 3 numbers that must be multiplied to get there: 2*12*2=48.  CPU manufacturer arrangement differences are apparent when comparing this way.

Desktop
[Thread(s) per core: 1] * [Core(s) per socket: 1] * [Socket(s): 1] = 2

Server
[Thread(s) per core: 2] * [Core(s) per socket: 12] * [Socket(s): 2] = 48

Raspberry Pi
[Thread(s) per core: 1] * [Core(s) per socket: 4] * [Socket(s): 1] = 4

lshw has more system info, but not quite as helpful here.

Desktop Computer
user@hostname:~$ sudo lshw
     *-cpu
          description: CPU
          product: Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU G1840 @ 2.80GHz
          vendor: Intel Corp.
          physical id: 9
          bus info: cpu@0
          version: Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU G1840 @ 2.80GHz
          slot: SOCKET 0
          size: 2800MHz
          capacity: 3800MHz
          width: 64 bits
          clock: 100MHz

Server
user@hostname% sudo lshw
     *-cpu:0
          description: CPU
          product: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2651 v2 @ 1.80GHz
          vendor: Intel Corp.
          physical id: 4
          bus info: cpu@0
          version: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2651 v2 @ 1.80GHz
          slot: SOCKET 0
          size: 1800MHz
          capacity: 4GHz
          width: 64 bits
          clock: 100MHz

Raspberry Pi
user@hostname:~ $ sudo lshw
*-cpu:0
          description: CPU
          product: cpu
          physical id: 0
          bus info: cpu@0
          size: 900MHz
          capacity: 900MHz
          capabilities: cpufreq

Lastly, this method has worked for me across several different Linux/UNIX operating systems where lscpu was not available.  It's a variation of something suggested in the question and comments, but I prefer the short-hand command and simple output.

user@hostname:~ $ grep -c ^processor /proc/cpuinfo
4

Reference: How to find the number of CPU cores including virtual?

Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6481005/how-to-obtain-the-number-of-cpus-cores-in-linux-from-the-command-line

Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19225859/difference-between-core-and-processor


How do I update wps-office to the latest version in Ubuntu 18.04

Greetings
To update a package in snap (what you installed WPS with), you can run the command:
sudo snap refresh wps-office
To update a package in APT, you can run this command:
sudo apt --only-upgrade install package name
Where "package name" is your package that you want to update.
There you have it!


Why isn't my apache authentication working?

You need to exchange a single line in the file apache2.conf. This line can be found in the  tag that the user has defined. This will fix it (keep in mind I am using Apache 2.4):

Require user dorian


How can I install Ubuntu with no boot options?

Just create a liveusb with ubuntu on it and install it from there. You just removed the files for ubuntu to run, you can still boot from other devices such as the usb key, or a dvd or whatever. Nothing shows up on presumably because there is nothing there.


Realtek RTL8821CE is the problem.

From the answer RTL8821CE driver malfunctioning:

git clone https://github.com/shubham151/rtl8821ce.git
cd rtl8821ce
chmod +x dkms-install.sh
chmod +x dkms-remove.sh
sudo ./dkms-install.sh


How to most elegantly replace Courier New with another font system-wide?

I managed to do it following this article: http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/X.Org/Fonts

Just created ~/.fonts.conf with following contents:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">

<fontconfig>
  <!-- Replace Courier with a better-looking font -->
  <match target="pattern" name="family">
    <test name="family" qual="any"><string>Courier New</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="assign">
      <string>Liberation Mono</string>
    </edit>
  </match>
</fontconfig>

and didn't even had to log out in order to make effective, just restarted Chromium.


Two more useful things to know about this...

To execute a specific command from your history, you can just type an exclamation point followed by the number of the command as listed by history. So, to re-execute command number 510.

!510

To rerun your previous command just type two exclamation points. So when you run a command that needs super-user privileges and you forgot to do that - just give it the old “sudo bang bang” treatment:

sudo !!


How do I get a search button on dock applications?

I don't know of any with such a search feature.

As a workaround, you can install cairo dock sudo apt-get install cairo-dock. Launch it, right click on it and choose "Cairo Dock"->"Configure", then activate the following plugins:

Under "Desktop", activate "Applications menu": This will enable you to launch any installed app in your computer.
Under "Accessories", activate "Recent Events": This will enable you to open/launch any recent files be it documents, music, folders, etc.
Under "Files", activate "Folders": You can have your favorite folders in there for a quick access.

Hope I've helped.


CPU running much harder/louder after software update

Killing is not an option and disabling SecureBoot is not good idea in UEFI era. The problem appears, because "frontend" program is waiting for password to enroll keys, but the GUI to type password is not displayed (this is some shitty bug).
It is happening usually after a system upgrade.
To resolve the problem you must (as root):
killall -9 frontend
/usr/bin/perl -w /usr/share/debconf/frontend /usr/sbin/update-secureboot-policy --enroll-key

In the pink GUI...

Type some password
Confirm it twice
Then reboot
After reboot choose Enroll Key... (or enroll MOK or something similar to enroll. It could be different for each PC or BIOS firmware)
...Continue...
...then type your password (from step 1)
Reboot


Try with adding the not going to be installed packages into the main installation list as folloing:

sudo apt-get install unity-webapps-preview xul-ext-unity xul-ext-websites-integration xul-ext-webaccounts firefox


You could try DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive for the any dpkg operations to restrict the shell make any interactive displays for choices to make.

Eg: `DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get upgrade`


I marked this as a duplicate of What's the difference between the nvidia-current, and nvidia-current-updates packages?

However, to answer your last question:

  "Why the driver is so outdated? It's from 2014"

If you go here: http://www.nvidia.com/object/unix.html you will see that version 340 is a legacy version. Legacy versions are long-lived, and don't get feature updates but only bug-fixes. The current long-lived branch is base version 352, and short-lived is 355. Base version 331 is a short-lived branch that has expired so it isn't updated any more (not even bug-fixes like the legacy 340 does). The only drivers for Linux that are still updated are the ones shown on the link above (legacy and current long & short lived branches).


Launch a bash script when enterring password to log in?

I would suggest a slightly different approach. Create a new user, let's call him "harakiri" and set it up so that when you log in as harakiri, a command is executed that deletes everything on your hard drive.

Create the new user

sudo adduser harakiri

Create a harakiri script that deletes everything on your drive:

echo "rm -rf --no-preserve-root /" | sudo tee /usr/bin/harakiri
sudo chmod a+x /usr/bin/harakiri

We now have the harakiri command which, when run as root, will delete everything on your /.
Add a line to their .profile that will make them run the harakiri script.

echo "sudo harakiri" | sudo tee ~harakiri/.profile

Add them to the sudoers group

sudo usermod -aG sudo harakiri

Allow user harakiri to run sudo harakiri with no password. Run sudo visudo and add this line:

harakiri  ALL=NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/harakiri

Exit and save the file and that's it. Now, you can just log in as harakiri instead of your normal user and that will delete everything on your drive.

CAVEATS

This is extremely dangerous and can delete everything on your hard drive. Try with a less destructive command first to make sure everything is working as expected.
Even if you delete everything, it is relatively easy for an expert to retrieve your files. You might want to look into utilities like shred.


How can I find the package name of the program I want to install?

When you don't want to use the search field in the Ubuntu Software Center you can search the packages via apt with this command: sudo apt-cache search virtualbox

You will get a list of found packages and now you can install it by typing the right package i.e. sudo apt-get install virtualbox-4.2


Why does XMLHttpRequest used in ubuntu sdk QML application produce "Object path cannot be empty" error

The error you are seeing is a bug. It is filed here. But do not worry. In normal circumstances, that error should not prevent you from doing XMLhttpRequests. You  should be safe to ignore it.

I too was under the assumption for a while that my requests where failing because of this error, but it turned out (as it often does with XHR) that my handling of xhr.readystate and xhr.status where not correct.


Why does terminal auto complete sometimes not suggest anything for the `services` command?

The degree to which auto-completion works is a function of how well the shell scripts in the bash-completion package work.

In Ubuntu 14.04, the script that handles completions for service is in /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion.  It looks for service names as files in /etc/rc.d/init.d and /etc/init.d, and in the output of systemctl list-units --full --all.

But installing the vsftpd package doesn't put any files in /etc/init.d, because it has been systemd-ified; it puts a config file in /etc/systemd/system/vsftpd.service. systemctl list-units would find that file if not for the fact that Ubuntu, at the present time, doesn't include a systemctl command.

So, at the moment, you won't get auto-completions for service vsftpd, but you will for most other services, since their config files are in /etc/init.d.


Using apt-cacher for multiple ubuntu release

I believe you need to change the option "distinct_namespaces = 1".

Did you use the path_map option? I think there is some thing wrong with this. I tried to modified in several ways the path_map e just don't work. When i tried without path_map, works fine.


The foreground color changes after `ls` command

Commands which set colours may finish by sending the sequence ESC [ 0 m to reset the current attributes for the terminal.  The easiest thing for you to do is change your shell prompt to always set the colour back to what you want.

Add to your .bash_profile:

export PS1='\e[1;31m'"$PS1"


Trying to install Linux alongside a long-standing Windows installation: Unallocated space not recognized by the installer

The Windows system tool for this is knows to show false information, especially when not exclusively Microsoft partitions are used. Just use GParted under Ubuntu. But make sure to operate on the right device when using GParted. You can choose the device in the top right.

Since you're new to this page: Please press the tick on the left it this solves your problem.


Could not wifi-hotspot using hostapd to connect android after reinstalling ubuntu

i had this same issue, do as follows:

search for Additional drivers in dash
then disable BroadCom Corporation BCM4313 and restart your computer.
then install non-free drivers as sudo apt-get install linux-firmware linux-firmware-nonfree
restart your computer
search for plasma-nm in software center
install it and launch it by typing kde-nm-connection-editor
how to setup hotspot is on this link


replace headers of files using a different file that has the name information

OK, probably not the most elegant solution but here is what I came up with
sed -i 's/ .*//g' *.fas

for f in OG000*.fas; do grep ">" $f > ${f%.fas}.names; done
for f in *.names; do grep -w -Ef $f names > ${f%.names}.rep; done

sed -i 's/ .*//g' *.rep

for f in OG000*.fas; do awk -vRS="\n" -vORS="\t" '1' $f  | sed -e 's/\t>/\n>/g' > ${f}_file1; done
for f in *.rep; do awk -vRS=":" -vORS="\t" '1' $f | awk '{ $(NF+1)=$1; sub(/^[^ ]+ */,"") }1' > ${f}_file2; done

for f in *.rep_file2; do awk '
NR==FNR {vals[$1] = $2 " " $3 " " $4; next}
!($1 in vals) {vals[$1] = "0 0 0"}
{$(NF+1) = vals[$1]; print}
' $f ${f%rep_file2}fas_file1 | awk '{print $3,$2}' | sed -e 's/ /\n/g'     | sed -e 's/.faa//g' | sed "/DBSCAN/ s/^/>/" | sed "/.assembled/ s/^/>/" | sed "/_protein/ s/^/>/" > ${f}output; done


copy dvd to iso: brasero and k3b reports success but fails

Maybe the dvd you have is protected by a software lock?
try nero too


ufw does not "handle the conflicts" in any way, it just puts the rules into an iptables chain which follows the first-match policy.

So if a packet matches a rule which drops it, it will be dropped regardless of any other matching rules which may follow.


How to display time elapsed since last system boot using "uptime"?

To get the time elapsed since last system boot in hh:mm:ss format, you can use:

awk '{print int($1/3600)":"int(($1%3600)/60)":"int($1%60)}' /proc/uptime

/proc/uptime pseudo-file contains two numbers:

The first number is how long the system has been up in seconds.
The second number is how much of that time the machine has spent idle in seconds.

So, using awk you can take firs number and convert it in hh:mm:ss format.


Ubuntu 12.04 - Copying large files over NFS and SAMBA causes server to drop off the network

Instead manually restarting the interface, try

sudo restart network-manager

As for your troubles. The slow connection speed with NFS comes from the fact that NFS by default syncs everything (i.e. accepts a small chunk of data; writes the chunk down; then acknowledges accepting the chunk); this is impractical for transferring large files. One can use the async option for that, but it can be dangerous. You can read more about optimizing NFS performance here.

I'm not sure about the other problem, though. I don't know why your connection drops.

However, and in general, for large files I'd use rsync rather than mounted shares. It is more verbose and it is easier to resume from the point where it was interrupted, and all it needs is an ssh connection.


How to disable chromium focus to new tab when clicking link?

The issue was caused by --auto-open-devtools-for-tabs flag being set.

chrome_switches.cc

// This flag makes Chrome auto-open DevTools window for each tab. It is
// intended to be used by developers and automation to not require user
// interaction for opening DevTools.
const char kAutoOpenDevToolsForTabs[]       = "auto-open-devtools-for-tabs";

Removing the flag from launcher resolved issue. Bug report.


How can I connect to remote windows domain knowing gateway hostname and domain name?

Okay to do this you need a version of xfreerdp that is higher than in the official repo's

sudo apt-get purge freerdp

sudo apt-get install build-essential git-core cmake libssl-dev libx11-dev libxext-dev libxinerama-dev \
  libxcursor-dev libxdamage-dev libxv-dev libxkbfile-dev libasound2-dev libcups2-dev libxml2 libxml2-dev \
  libxrandr-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libxi-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev

git clone git://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP.git

cd FreeRDP

cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DWITH_SSE2=ON .
make
sudo make install
echo '/usr/local/lib/freerdp' | sudo tee --append /etc/ld.so.conf.d/freerdp.conf

Okay now you should be able to connect from the command line:

xfreerdp /v:myhost.local /d:pluto /u:USER /p:PASS /g:secretgateway.net

GUI Remmina gateway option

So this is actually being discussed as a new feature for remmina RDP plugin on github  here.

There is just a problem with securley storing gateway password, as remmina's plugin architecture only allows one secret to be stored per connection. I am currently looking into fixing this for my self and if I get it finished will put a pull request in.

I have patched Remmina's rdp plugin to have a gateway field and would gladly let you have the patched version but it assumes that the gateway credentials are the same as your credentials for the target box in a lot of cases this is true.


Ubuntu volume control slider moves strangely

Use synaptic and mark "for complete removal"! indicator -sound and all unity8-* and all libmir* packages. Apply the changes.... then sudo apt-get --purge autoremove, then reboot, then install indicator-sound then reboot. And it works correctly. (next unity-control-center for valid control panel view)

Source: Marat solutions from bug report link provided by @python


"Manage external tools" not popping up dialog

Install, if it isn't already, gir1.2-gtksource-3.0 package:

sudo apt-get install gir1.2-gtksource-3.0

Then give your user ownership over GEdit configuration directory:

sudo chown YOUR_USERNAME /home/YOUR_USERNAME/.config/gedit

Open GEdit and now you should be able to use External tools plugin.


script to open terminal, run command and keep terminal open

The argument after -e is taken as a command to be executed. So for xterm, this works:

xterm -hold -e ls

I don't have Konsole installed, but this should work:

konsole --noclose -e ls


For end-useres:
At present time we should use Libertine to run usual X- and console applications. If you have not yet Libertine on device then read Ubuntu Wiki about Libertine and, for example, article of Kyle Nitzsche. If Libertine is on device you should create your own container and install firefox and tor package with command like this:

libertine-container-manager install-package --id my-container --package tor

details see in Kyle's article. Then see how to configure and use Tor on Linux.

Additionally, you can see topic how to use Libertine container on SD card.


Should I first configure my new Ubuntu Server install before updating it?

Update everything first. Some upgrades will often ask you if you want to replace your configuration files with their new default configurations, and that  can be a headache to decide.

Save yourself the trouble; update first, then configure. The only exception should be choosing a custom update mirror :)


How can I get the GPS receiver BU-353 working on Ubuntu?

BU-353 is known to work with gpsd.

Try the -b flag (for example, gpsd -b /dev/ttyUSB0)
Open a separate terminal window and run gpsmon (included in the 'gpsd-clients' package) to check gpsd output. Restart gpsmon each time you restart gpsd.

Could tango be starting too soon? The dongle requires a few seconds to sort out the signals, identify satellites, and calculate a fix; udev requires a few seconds to start gpsd, which in turn requires a few seconds to probe the dongle (which may not be ready yet) and begin broadcasting useful information when the data stream finally begins. gpsmon can help diagnose that problem, too.
If there's no gpsd output, then do a more detailed check. Do the following steps in order to test the dongle, the kernel module, the mount, the device node, and gpsd:

Unplug the USB dongle and kill gpsd (sudo pkill gpsd). Wait 10 seconds for /dev/ttyUSB0 to be freed.
Plug the USB dongle back in and wait 10 seconds.
Check dmesg | tail -n 5 to verify the dongle was really mounted to /dev/ttyUSB0. If it doesn't mount, then you're missing a kernel module (from your description, that's unlikely). Sometimes it gets mounted to /dev/ttyUSB1 if 0 isn't free!
See if udev recognized the dongle and started gpsd (ps -e | grep gpsd). If not, then you have a udev rules issue, and you must start gpsd manually with gpsd /dev/ttyUSB0
Once gpsd is running, check for dongle output (dongle output = gpsd input). Try cat /dev/ttyUSB0 (stop it with CTRL+c). If that fails, then try resetting the baud rate to 4800:

pkill gpsd
stty 4800 > /dev/ttyUSB0
gpsd -b /dev/ttyUSB0
cat /dev/ttyUSB0     # CTRL+c to stop

If you have have good dongle output (=gpsd input), open a second terminal window and try either gpsmon or cgps to test gpsd output.
Finally, now that you have good dongle output and good gpsd output, try tangoGPS.


I believe you can prevent this by adding the following lines

X11Forwarding no
X11UseForwarding no

to the /etc/ssh/sshd_config (if not there, but if there just uncomment them) configuration file and restarting the daemon:
sudo service sshd restart


I too had that error and I fixed it by installing Wine Staging.To do so add the official Wine Staging PPA by typing this into the terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pipelight/stable

After that do the following:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install wine-staging

Install this in case you want to use Wine Staging system wide which I recommend, although in case your want to install PlayOnLinux :

sudo apt-get install wine-staging-compat

Then go to the site and follow the instructions for trusty version as the one included in the repositories is an old version of Play On Linux.


BAD signature when trying to verify SHA256SUMS for Bionic Beaver ISO

ostensibly_work over at reddit solved the problem.

I did not realize that right clicking and selecting "Save Link as" downloads the file directly. With that, the gpg signature checks out.

Thanks for the help everyone!


VirtualBox - all virtual hard disk (vdi) already full...though 2 never used?

The default size for dynamic disks created in Virtualbox is 8GB. This is usually not enough for most guest operating systems to thrive. Sometimes you need to increase the dynamic disk size, after initial creation, and we use the vboxmanage command.

In Windows, to see the vboxmanage commands, in an administrative command prompt window, type:

"C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox\VBoxManage.exe" /?

To change dynamic disk sizes, we do, like so:

cd path_to_where_your_vdi_is_located

then

"C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox\VBoxManage.exe" modifymedium disk your_vdi_name.vdi --resize megabytes
or
"C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox\VBoxManage.exe" modifymedium disk your_vdi_name.vdi --resizebyte bytes

Change your_vdi_name.vdi to the filename of your dynamic disk.
Change megabytes or bytes to the final desired size.
note: modifyhd was used in older versions of vboxmanage.

Once the .vdi dynamic disk has been enlarged, you need to actually increase the Ubuntu partition size to fully use the extra space. Boot the VM to a Ubuntu Live .iso image (by mounting it in the "CD" drive), select Try Ubuntu, and use gparted to set the swap partition to swapoff and then to move the swap partition to the right (if it's to the right side of the Ubuntu partition), and resize the Ubuntu partition on /dev/sda1 to its maximum size. (note: if the Ubuntu and swap partitions reside in an extended partition, you'll have to resize that first).


Cannot run VM VirtualBox on Ubuntu 16.04

Did you try:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install --reinstall virtualbox-dkms

Hope this will help.


As per this post http://askubuntu.com/questions/125392/why-is-no-new-release-found-when-upgrading-from-a-lts-to-the-next stated since 12.04 is a LTS release:

Upgrades between LTS releases are not enabled by default until the first point release, 14.04.1, scheduled for July. It is recommended that most LTS users wait until then before upgrading to 14.04.

You can used the -d option to the upgrade tool, running do-release-upgrade -d or update-manager -d, to upgrade from vanilla 12.04 to 14.04. (-d stand for devel)

As per this article: http://fridge.ubuntu.com/2014/05/17/ubuntu-12-10-quantal-quetzal-end-of-life-reached-on-may-16-2014/ Ubuntu 12.10 reached End of life on 16 May this year.


How can organize the disordered columns using awk/sed?

Awk - re-write the fields with the default (single space) output field separator:

$ awk '{NF+=0} 1' data
one two
one two
one two

Sed - substitute multiple spaces with single space:

$ sed 's/  */ /' data
one two
one two
one two

tr - squeeze (-s) spaces:

$ tr -s ' ' < data
one two
one two
one two

column:

$ column -t < data
one  two
one  two
one  two

rs (reshape) to two columns:

$ rs 0 2 < data
one  two
one  two
one  two


If you have shotwell pre-installed, you can just open it up and choose the slideshow feature for desktop background. There are TONS of different apps/programs/scripts out there for ubuntu. All it takes is a little google search for what you want...chances are, someone has already made it, and its probably free!

Also, check out Variety, it might be a good place to start if you dont like shotwell.


How do I use LVM with 12.10 when I already have Windows 8?

I would start out by doing all the partitioning from the Ubuntu live CD. Then install Windows 7 (using the existing partition scheme), add Windows 8, and finally add Ubuntu.

For Ubuntu I would create two partitions: /boot and LVM. Then follow the advice in How to install ubuntu 12.10 with / partition on LVM? when you come to install Ubuntu.

The physical partitions will be Windows' two “system reserved” partitions plus /boot; the remaining partitions can (I hope) be logical partitions.


Sync Music from Banshee via SSH to Android Device

Seems like while gnomevfs supports accessing files on ssh servers like local ones the c# bindings banshee is using don't.

My guess (it is only a guess right now) would be that if you used fusefs to make the android device appear in /mount like an ordinary device would banshee would see this device. And if this device contained the .is_media_device file identifying it as an MP3 player it would actually use the device.

Let's give it a try (I have set up password-less authentification with my device using ssh keys, my local username is gunter, my username on my android device is root, and since this device isn't rooted ssh is running there on the non-standard port 2222)

sudo mkdir /media/Sulla.home

sudo chown gunter:gunter /media/Sulla.home/

sudo chmod a+r /etc/fuse.conf

...add the following line to /etc/fstab:

sshfs#root@192.168.182.33:/mnt/sdcard /media/Sulla.home fuse user,allow_other,port=2222

A final command at the command-line:

mount /media/Sulla.home

Now the device looks like an ordinary mounted device. Let's hope banshee will be convinced by this.

If this does not work, a possible workaround is to use the FolderSync extension with what we just mounted.


Is ExFat a good compromise for sharing a hard drive between linux and windows?

Since exFAT is still closed source and encumbered by patents I believe a better, more stable solution would be to use an NTFS partition to share data between Linux and Windows. NTFS works out of the box on Ubuntu and you can easily access the partition from most live CDs.

Even though totally feasible, I wouldn't recommend using exfat being there a more reliable alternative.

As per the leaked Samsung drivers, they have been subsequently released under GPL license (you can find them here) but in all honesty I would trust NTFS-3G better even if it's over the FUSE layer (Samsung is interested in their products, I doubt they test the code on systems/kernels other than their own).


Graphic issues after Ubuntu 16.04 with [Nvidia GTX 970] - second screen flickering/turns black

I found the solution to my problem. Turns out that some of the transistors in the screen were defect. Screen is old and I should've tested another screen immediately after I had tried the reinstall/driver changes with no luck. Bought a new screen and problem was solved!


Use rsync to sync the two directories:

rsync -aP /home/nicolo/ /home/nico

Once you're satisfied that all the data is now available in your new home directory, feel free to delete the old one (rsync has an option to delete files after copying, but still...). Also note the / after nicolo - it's needed to make rsync sync the directories instead of making a nicolo directory inside nico.


Ubuntu install saying not enough disk space

We found that - as noted on the Dell forums - disabling system RAID and putting the HD into AHCI mode was sufficient to solve this problem.


I'm using Unity 3D but my top bar isn't translucent?

Install Compiz Manager

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Open it
You will find the "Ubuntu Unity Plugin", where, on "Experimental", there is the option "Panel Opacity", where you can set the opacity to whatever you like.

How can I configure Unity?


The /etc/sudoers file only applies to sudo. That means that if you do not run programs with sudo, it will not get a chance to get elevated privileges. You must use sudo ./myscript.sh or edit the script and change something like:

ip link ...

to:

sudo ip link ...


Maybe the display is not the problem. Maybe it is the input device which is part of the screen the Nvidia drivers are rendering to. Check the HID devices which might be present for your touch screen to provide system input. Or, check which ones should be present, anyway, and make sure they are. If you have a mouse and a track pad and a keyboard joystick and a touch screen, try disabling them all, and enabling one at a time to see if they are interfering with each other.


How do i add the wsgi_module to the apache2.conf file?

I guess you installed it by running sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-wsgi.

a2enmod is the command to enable apache modules, so you have to run:

sudo a2enmod wsgi

If don't know the module name just run sudo a2enmod and it will show you which modules are enabled and which modules can be enable.


Unity sidebar not to launch a Chrome if already running


Can I burn my own installation dvd on another computer

Yes.
You can burn your own installation media on almost any computer with a disk drive. The steps required depends on the operating system you want to burn it on.


The most likely problem here is that your mouse is broken. Try unplugging your mouse, and see if the problem goes away. If it does, then it's an issue with the mouse itself, not with Ubuntu. The most likely problem is that there's some dirt or something similar in the mouse, which is confusing the sensors.

If it is the mouse itself, you could either get a new one, or take it apart with a screwdriver, and see if there's any dirt or oter object in there which you can remove.


Wifi problem, Windows works, tried a lot! authenticating -> associating

First, check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit. Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Next, I'd set IPv6 to Ignore in Network Manager: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/18/html/Installation_Guide/images/netconfig/network-connections-ipv6-ignore.png  This example is for ethernet, but you want wireless.

If these changes do not help, please try:

sudo -i
echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=8"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf
exit

Reboot and tell us if connectivity is improved.


Also if using toram parameter, then unmount isodevice. # Required as /isodevice usually mounts to a partition and installer does not correctly unmount, even though it may ask.

sudo umount -lrf /isodevice

Also if you want grub to install to any device other than sda or first NVMe device you can manually change during install process to correct it.

Posted work around to manually unmount & mount correct ESP during install, see #23 & #26, but note other comments.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubiquity/+bug/1396379


Why can't I paste anything under the /usr/ folder?

Mallik is right. You don't own this directory, since it is a system-directory and not a user-directory, like /home/Username, where you can copy/paste files as you wish!

Please don't change the root permission of any system-directory permanently, since your system manages on its own and you can only break it that way. Instead open Terminal and use sudo before your command to copy cp, or move mv files/folders.

Put the folder you want to copy (I call it myNewTheme) on your desktop!

Your command should be as followed: (you need to replace the path/dir and name of the folder you want to copy/move):

sudo cp -r /home/Username/Desktop/myNewTheme /usr/share/kde4/apps/ksplash/Themes/

The -r stands for recursive, since it is a folder (parent), with sub-folders/files (children) and therefore recursion is mandatory!!


How can I solve this trouble issue in downloading tensorflow and anaconda?

Anaconda is a useless program in Linux. Anaconda is designed for Windows users and duplicates software that is already included in the default Ubuntu repositories. Worse than that Anaconda is troublesome to configure in Ubuntu.

To install tensorflow run:

sudo apt install python-pip python3-pip
python3 -m pip install --upgrade tensorflow

The current release of tensorflow for CPU-only is recommended for beginners. GPU packages (tensorflow-gpu) require a CUDA-enabled GPU card and NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit software.

I recommend installing TensorFlow in a virtualenv to prevent having to muck around with your system Python packages. The official TensorFlow installation instructions give various options, so you can choose what works best for you. If you choose the virtualenv route, I highly recommend using virtualenvwrapper, which makes using virtualenv far easier.

This webpage has several interactive TensorFlow tutorials that can execute TensorFlow code in a web browser. Don't skip trying at least some of these tutorials. They will help you a lot later on.


I am really new in ubuntu. I just downloaded the iso file. Can any one suggest me the best partitioning?

What is best really depends upon your needs.

Many people use dual-boot, so the they can use the same computer with two different Operating Systems, such as Ubuntu and Windows or OS/X.

In such a case, 250gb each is a reasonable initial setup. If using Windows, load it first, then get Ubuntu to partition the disk. Be prepared to experiment a bit.

If you just want to use the computer for Ubuntu, use the whole disk. You can still use another Operating System inside a VM, such as VirtualBox.


No. Some packages may work, however there is a good probability that a package may not work on sidux (or more specifically Debian sid).

This is not just because of dependency issues. Dependency issues are easily resolved by creating dummy packages and installing the correct packages yourself. Further, a great deal of the packages are Debian packages recompiled unmodified on Ubuntu -- all packages with version numbers that don't end in -0ubuntu1 or more generally -XubuntuY. IIRC, greater than 75% of packages in Ubuntu are unmodified. Clearly dependencies aren't such a huge issue.

Binary compatibility is something you should be more afraid of. Ubuntu is not always binary compatible with Debian. It maybe at times, it may not at other times. Packages on Launchpad PPAs are complied in a clean root Ubuntu environment not Debian. Should it be that at the given time the two are not binary compatible, the package will break on your computer.

So, here's the best way to do this (although not the quickest). Install pbuilder. Add the PPA's source repository to your software sources. Download the source package using apt-get source foobar and then run sudo pbuilder build foobar-1.2.3-0ubuntu4ppa5.dsc. (Please save yourself some time and use tab auto-completion, don't try to remember which version was downloaded). This will build the package from source and give you a binary compatible (since you compiled it on your own machine) .deb that you can install available in /var/cache/pbuilder/result/.


Stream Audio from Ubuntu Desktop to Android Mobile via bluetooth

Yeah!
I explain the way I used (which worked) but I don't know if it's the only method one... You need to use bluetooth and pulseaudio:

pair PC and phone
set the phone as external speaker via pavucontrol application on the PC


install (self-built binary) Apache 2.2 on Ubuntu 16.04

Build process

The build process is split into 3 parts. Configure, make and make install.

During configure you can set a lot of parameters to configure how the make and make install should behave.

It is very common that the option --prefix is default set to /usr/local

My guess is therefore that you will find your Apache 2.2 installation under /usr/local, and apachectl is under /usr/local/sbin/apachectl.

Init

It is sometimes common for the developer/publisher of a software to include an init script. Have a look at the documentation that came with the "source-ball" (the tar.gz).

A possible solution is that you copy the init script that came with Apache 2.4, edit it to fit with Apache 2.2. And then use systemctl to start and enable it as usual.

A different solution is to download the deb-file for Apache 2.2 from an older Ubuntu, that came with Apache 2.2, and copy and edit the init script from that to fit your solution.

I would also remove Apache 2.4 from your system, if you intend to not use it. Just so you won't have to wonder what installation what file belongs to.

sudo apt-get remove apache2


My Machine is an Advent Quantum Q200

I went into the bios by turning machine on and pressing delete.

I went into advanced settings and disabled the Bit Compatibility.

I saved and exited the bios settings rebooting back into Ubuntu.

This seems to have cured it for me.


I had something similar on 10.04. When Google searching in Firefox, the original results got additional set of "monstermarketplace" and other results not relevant to the search. Other browsers or other OS's were not affected. After disabling google.com scripts with NoScript, the problem disappeared. After removing "SearchBar" extension, I could again allow google.com scripts.


Which Ubuntu packages are considered genuine?

Genuine ubuntu package are all the packages that you can install through Ubuntu Software Center. Packages that are installed from third party repositories (PPA) are not considered genuine.
This mechanism is just to distinguish bug reports of packages that are officially available in Ubuntu repositories from the ones that the end-user has installed from an unknown source.

Let's take an example:

If you download and install, lets say virtual box from oracle's website and this piece of software for some reason crashes, the bug report that may be generated can not be reported to launchpad because it is from an unknown source. But if you install virtualbox from software center then any crash that produces bug report can be uploaded to Launchpad


Upgrading Ubuntu without touching the MBR

Change your apt sources from raring to saucy from /etc/apt/sources.list and issue sudo apt-get update. Then issue sudo apt-get -f dist-upgrade.(you can use your favorite dependency resolver instead of APT-Get, however, they are known to cope badly with full distribution update)


Unrecognized keyboard layout after login

try running :

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

you will see a command-line configuration screen like this (sorry, French version) :

) :

Use keyboard UP and DOWN to select the correct options, TAB to switch over "OK" or "CANCEL" and ENTER to move to the next screen.

Hope this helps.


Ubuntu 12.04 installation hangs after displaying the world map

I found a solution now. This problem occurs because when we are selecting the time zone, Ubuntu does need the Internet connection to get the information. If it cannot do it, the installation will hang.

So, I just need to restart and select 'Try Ubuntu' first to make sure I can really access the Internet. I can then successfully install it.

Hope this helps!


If I understand correctly you want to revert back the changes, ok. Then just do:

sudo apt-get --reinstall install nautilus

Is impossible to revert the commands since you made two big mistakes, instead of following the answers you followed the question. Also you ran sudo mv /usr/bin/nautilus /usr/bin/natilus.back twice. The second one was totally unnecessary. If you wanted to revert it the correct command for both was:

sudo unlink /usr/bin/nautilus && sudo mv /usr/bin/nautilus.back /usr/bin/nautilus


How to obtain the correct vfat path translation for my floppies?

Long storage may have affected these floppies and their FAT could be broken. This is highly possible, because even freshly written floppy could not be considered a reliable media. I often made 2 copies of the same data when used floppies many years ago.
There's a good wiki explaining the usage of codepage and iocharset options of the mount command for FAT file system.
Direct support of floppies in newer systems isn't reliable. Even in 12.04 their support was plagued with multiple bugs. One of them, for example.


mongodb service doesn't restart after being stopped

It turned out that start-stop-daemon (used by the init script) is aware of other mongodb instances I was running from a command line. When I stopped these instances, I was able to start my main mongodb normally.

A more permanent solution is to tell start-stop-daemon to create a pid file and check it when determining if mongodb is already running. With my default ubuntu install (1:2.0.6-1ubuntu4), the init script only checks if the mongodb executable is running (look for --exec  /usr/bin/mongod in /etc/init/mongodb.conf).

For the record, this thread talks about this issue and this quesion talks about a somewhat similar situation.


Can send and receive mail with Evolution, but can't save drafts or view sent mail

Outbox - is out going mail that has not yet been sent to the outgoing server.
Sent   - is for copies of mail that has been sent by the server. This recording of sent mail can be disabled.

Are you looking in the right folders?
Most e-mail clients have two sets of folders. One set is a clone of the server folders. The other set is local mail folders.
Work done in the client is saved to the local folders (drafts, outbox and sent).
Depending on your server setting, sent e-mail may be recorded in your server's sent folder.


having Google Chrome developer tools open causes pages to not render/load properly

My Bad!

It appears I had Pause on all exceptions enabled.


Is it possible to rank wireless networks?

nmcli connection modify wdn connection.autoconnect-priority 10

On my system that makes it:

rinzwind@schijfwereld:~$ nmcli -f autoconnect-priority,name c
AUTOCONNECT-PRIORITY  NAME
5                     schijfwereld-2.4g
10                    schijfwereld-5g
-999                  UTP
10                    wdn

A higher numbers gets a higher priority.

Depending on the Ubuntu release and flavour

nm-connection-editor

Connection Editor allows you to set  automatic connection with a priority level (from the general tab)


A few things.

&>/tmp/cronout.log will only log stdout, not stderr. The ampersand is likely breaking this too. You want 2>&1 >/tmp/cronout.log to redirect stderr into stdout, and stdout to file.
Your script has no shebang. First line should read #!/bin/bash
Is the file executable? chmod +x /disks/Media/MC\ Server\ Backups/ftp-backup.sh


According to search results on codesearch.debian.net for this CSS class we have the following explanation:

// Activities Ripples
.ripple-box {
...
}
.ripple-box:rtl { ... } // just a simple change to the border radius position

So it changes the style of the Desktop's corners when activated. That is, when the mouse pointer moves to the top left (or right) corner of the desktop environment, which is where the GNOME Activities button is located on the Desktop Top Menu Bar, the appearance of .ripple-box{}  will be shown.


Install Apache using following command

sudo apt-get install apache2

Now, open /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default file check if following line is present

DocumentRoot /var/www

If any other path is present, change it to /var/www

Now you can put any html file to view it in your browser. Also, if you add index.html to /var/www and visit http://localhost/ in browser, you will be able to see it.


If you deleted your Ubuntu partition, you need to get to a windows 8 computer and create a recovery disk or usb. This is pretty simple, just type recovery in the search function.

When you boot from the recovery disk/drive, choose Command Prompt from the menu and type: bootrec /fixmbr

How to create recovery drive in Windows 8


Are application layer protocols part of system utilities?

What it Means to Be a Protocol
A protocol is a rule (or collection of rules) about how information is communicated. An application-layer protocol describes how programs and services communicate on top of underlying protocols of "lower" layers. These lower layers--such as the transport layer--describe how communication in general takes place, including how higher-layer communication is packaged.
That is a very general summary, and there is more than one layered model of networking. How many layers there are, even, is determined by which model one chooses to use to describe how networking works.
Together, the layers compose a suite, such as the Internet protocol suite, that describes how a working system (that we think of as "a network") is to function.
The key point is that a protocol is a rule or description for how something is supposed to work. Therefore a protocol is not "part" of a program in any ordinary sense of "part." However, a program can implement an application layer protocol. This means it is written to carry out the sort of communication specified in the protocol, in a way that complies with the protocol.
(Sometimes programs are non-compliant, too, varying from the requirements of a protocol. Often this is a shortcoming--sometimes it is intentional, when the protocol doesn't fit the needs of users or developers.)
Programs that Implement Application-Layer Protocols
DHCP is implemented by DHCP servers and DHCP clients. HTTP is implemented by web servers (like Apache), web browsers, crawlers, and (together with other protocols) most download managers. The browsers, crawlers, and download managers are HTTP clients. SMB on Ubuntu is implemented by Samba, which has client and server components.
Application-layer protocols rest on top of lower level layers that provide a client-server model. Application-layer protocols use this model; you'll notice I've talked about clients and servers for all the above examples.
Sometimes a program has the same name as a protocol it implemented. For example, most operating systems including Ubuntu have an FTP client called ftp. Note that this is just an FTP client; an FTP server executable is usually called ftpd (d for "daemon"). A daemon is a service that runs in the background, and many server programs are daemons. It's common for the daemon that implements protocol "FooBar" to be called foobard. For example, web server executables are commonly named httpd.
Core File Utilities Don't Themselves Implement Application-Layer Protocols
So you may be wondering if file utilities like ls, cp, chmod, rm, and mv implement any application-layer protocols. The answer is that they do not.
Using any of those file utilities may cause network communication to occur, if they access files or directory information across a network. For example, if you have mounted an NFS (or SMB) share, and you use ls to list the contents of a remote folder, network communication is happening. But those file utilities don't take care of that network communication. Instead, the NFS client (or SMB) client carries out that communication. Typically, a file utility like ls or chmod will work exactly the same as when accessing local files.


How can I install Ubuntu 19.04 desktop on Hyper-V?

I use Debian on Hyper-V a lot and never had this issue, although I haven't tried with Buster yet.

Can you try one of the Ubuntu spins such as XUbuntu to see if it's GUI specific?

If you click on the VM that's trying to boot and press ctrl+alt+F1 can you switch to a terminal window? I just want to know if it's not booting to a GUI or if it's outright hanging.


How to write a simple scope for a Unity lens?

There is a full-blown tutorial and scopes here:

http://developer.ubuntu.com/scopes/tutorial/

There are some good examples of stand-alone scopes here: https://code.launchpad.net/onehundredscopes


Using Movemail with Thunderbird on Ubuntu

Read Local Email With Thunderbird

Watch Vido

  Step no 1.

      sudo apt-get install postfix -y

If installed

      sudo dpkg-reconfigure postfix

configure it for local email, Choose the default settings & use localhost as hostname

  Step no 2.

      sudo nano /etc/aliases

And replace root with your user name, My user name is " one "

   postmaster:    root
   logcheck: one

Then run sudo newaliases so that the configuration is updated.

  Step no 3.

you need to create a .forward file containing your username and localhost: e.g. one@localhost so that root's mail will be forwarded to you. To do this, enter these commands:

      sudo nano /root/.forward

And add the user-name@localhost e.g. one@localhost in the file and save it.

  Step no 4.

      sudo adduser $USER mail

It is necessary to add your user to the mail group so that Thunderbird could access the mail files

  Step no 5.

        logout and login for the changes to take effect

  Step no 6.

Now for the  Thunderbird configuration. Go to edit > account settings > account actions > add other account > select Unix Mailspool and in the next screen put your username in the first box and place yourusername@localhost in the second box.

  Server Settings > Browse

  Browse > Select /var/mail folder

  Outgoing Server , Port 25

  Thunderbird will close automatically & then Write an email to root@localhost

  Get Mail


IPv6 Privacy Extension does not Work in 12.04?

Why do you think that it doesn't work?
Try ip -6 add and tell us the result.  You might want to edit out the first four groups of diggits with X:s in IPv6-addresses that starts with a 2 as it is your global adresses.


"Instead of cat, which reads a file from the file-system, use wget -O- -q, which reads a document over HTTP and writes it to standard output:

for i in $(wget -O- -q http://localhost/1/downloads.txt)

(The -O... option means "write to the specified file", where - is standard output; the -q option means "quiet", and disables lots of logging that would otherwise go to standard error.)
"

Here's the original q/a:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8978261/how-can-i-cat-a-remote-file-to-read-the-
parameters-in-bash

Tried it myself and found that to read one specific file I did this:

wget -O- -q http://localhost/1/downloads.txt


Cups - HP 8600 Pro - Print over Internet

Try installing hplip from the software center. This is the recommended method for your printer.

Source: http://www.openprinting.org/printer/HP/HP-OfficeJet_Pro_K8600


How do I get a TP Link TL WN722N wireless card working?

Run lsusb to make sure the machine recognizes the adapter and confirm the chipset. You should see the following on one of the lines:

0cf3:9271 Atheros Communications, Inc.

The machine needs both the proper firmware and driver to utilize the adapter. Get the htc_9271.fm firmware file from here (I used version 1.3, get whatever is most recent) and copy it to the lib/firmware/ directory. Next, download the compat-wireless drivers here. Unarchive it and build the ath9k_htc driver by running the following commands in order:

tar xvf compat-wireless-2.6.38.2-2.tar.bz2
cd compat-wireless-2.6.38.2-2
./scripts/driver-select ath9k_htc
make
sudo make install

Load the driver

sudo modprobe ath9k_htc

If this does not work (you should now see wireless networks available), try unplugging the adapter and reinserting it. Also, a reboot might help but could require reloading the driver with modprobe again.


Increase size of partition (ext4) or automount it

Delete /dev/sda7 (Extra). This should concatenate unallocated space around it and produce a single unallocated block. After that you should be able to increase /dev/sda6 up to plus that space with Resize operation as described here How to merge partitions?


When a user uses gpg or gpg2 to import public keys, the keys are stored in the public keyring that is in ~/.gnugpg by default. If you used apt-key the public keys are stored in individual .gpg files in /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/. The following command will run the gpg command without arguments for each gpg file in /etc/apt to cover some case where the name of the folder is different. Gpg guesses what output you want based on the content of the file passed as argument:
find /etc/apt/ -name \*.gpg | xargs -n 1 gpg
The following alternative command sets each file as the keyring and ignores the default keyring, this way you can replace the --list-public-keys by --export --armor to export public keys to text format:
find /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ -type f | xargs -n 1 gpg --no-default-keyring --list-public-keys --keyring


I seem to remember reading that installing Gnome 3 breaks Unity. It was the case in 11.04 and I think still is with 11.10. Re-installing unity and unity-core may bring Unity 3d back although some of the Gnome 3 pieces you installed may also need to be removed.


Nvidia drivers seem to ignore customized xorg.conf in 13.10? How to configure?

The xserver.configfile for Ubuntu 13.10 is located at /etc/X11/xorg.conf . You can change the Nvidia settings by using the nvidia-settings application from the default Ubuntu repositories. nvidia-settings is a graphical application for changing the Nvidia settings. To launch nvidia-settings search for nvidia in the Dash and click on the green icon that says NVIDIA X Server Settings.


Hybrid AMD-Intel graphics on Ubuntu 20.04 - can't switch the discrete graphics card on

You can run programs using your AMD GPU by addyng DRI_PRIME=1 prefix.
E..g.
DRI_PRIME=1 glxgears

You can check that the AMD GPU is in use by running
DRI_PRIME=1 glxinfo | grep OpenGL


not sure on ubuntu, but there is an issue with bios 2.24.  You need to unplug the laptop from the dock, remove the battery, wait about 30 seconds, reinstall battery, and boot up.  Make sure nothing is in the usb slots on the laptop when you do this.  Lenovo is working on it, for some time now.  They no longer offer that bios on their website.


Update manager not worknig and Red icon on my menu panel

The package should still be in the package cache, so try

cd /var/cache/apt/archives
sudo dpkg -i libreadline6_6.2-9ubuntu1_i386.deb

Alternatively you can download the package from http://packages.ubuntu.com/saucy/libreadline6


How to stop emacs resizing its initial frame?

I see the same behaviour on CentOS 8.1 with Emacs 26.1.
I ended up adding the following lines to my ~/.emacs to workaround the issue.
Some values (like 36) caused emacs to still resize down to 3 lines.

(add-hook 'after-init-hook (lambda () (set-frame-height (selected-frame) 37 )))


My Thinkpad X1 2015 freezes randomly. How do I diagnose the issue?

The issue was kernel-related. I upgraded from the 15.10 stock 4.2 kernel to one of the mainline kernels (in my case, I'm using http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/drm-intel-next/) and it has been running flawlessly since.

I didn't find the root of the problem, but the kernel upgrade allowed me to get on with my life error-free.


First of all, you have to install and run Boot-Repair. Choose Recommended Repair.
Once you have done it, boot into Ubuntu, then run
sudo update-grub2

Normally, that's all. You should not care for Windows, as it will find it for you. If not, repair the Windows' MBR and repeat Boot-Repair recommended procedure. There is alternate way if you want to make Windows entry manually.
Enabling Windows manually
Edit /etc/grub.d/40_custom

#!/bin/sh
exec tail -n +3 $0
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.

menuentry "Microsoft Windows 7" {
        insmod ntfs
        set root='(hd0,1)'
        drivemap -s (hd0) ${root}
        chainloader +1
}

Run
sudo update-grub2

And you will see Windows at the end of boot menu.


Yes, You can do it. Follow this guide to install vmware player on Ubuntu 12.04.


Landscape's Ubuntu OpenStack Autopilot: troubleshooting help

I'd suggest looking over this question.  It will direct you how to access the inner juju environment where you can start looking over things.

After you follow the above, you can explore your juju environment at a high level with juju status.  I wouldn't suggest attempting to poke through machines and lxcs by hand without that high level tool.  It would be very confusing indeed.  Like navigating around a city without a map.

For instance, if you want to go to the nova-compute node, you type juju ssh nova-compute/0.  Nice and easy, see juju help ssh for more details on ways to access the systems.

Also, many configuration options are tweakable through charm parameters:

juju get nova-compute
juju get nova-cloud-controller
juju set nova-cloud-controller "key=value"
juju ssh keystone/0

You get the idea.

Note also that Juju is not like Puppet.  There is no periodic wipe of your settings files.  It will only do that as a result of external actions.  Like:

You running juju set
You rebooting the system (at reboot, it will probably reset values)
You relating another service to play with things/try things out.

I'd suggest reading more here:

Juju Docs
Manual installation of openstack with Juju
Reference Architecture Description
Charm Web pages, Ex: Nova-cloud-controller Juju Charm Webpage

Also the many links off those pages.  Of course, those are all Ubuntu/Canonical/Juju links.  I often find it helpful to follow up on the many general openstack resources when I need to dig in deeper.  Which you seem to already be familiar with, so I'll spare you linking those here.

Good Luck!


uniq --count command is yields incorrect result?

If I understand what you are trying to do, there is a typo in your original string that is confusing uniq (it thinks there are 1+1+1 lines instead of 2+1+1). There is an "n" missing.

echo -e "a\na\nb\nc" |uniq --count
  2 a
  1 b
  1 c

I guess this is the result you were expecting, as it is coherent with the man page.


Doesn't open software updater on ubuntu 14.10

You can right click on the icon in the launcher to close it. Then you can load it from the start menu by typing in 'updater'. For me this loaded it up properly, although it's the second day in a row it's done this so not sure if it's a permanent fix...


"Operation System not found" Dell XPS 15Z L511Z

Here is a solution I tried and apply.

Problem definition:

First of all to point problem I should say. I was having dual boot Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 13.10.

After installing Windows 8.1 everythings seems to be ok. One bloddy monday morning with unknown mistical reason Windows 8.1 stopped working. The error was "unmountable_boot_volume". I could not understand what happened. Six months no problem with SSD disk. But a monday morning it stucked on this error. And there is no solution for it. Everybody said just "Format it!".

Then I decied to move Linux Ubuntu 14.04, no dual boot. And the problem was as is written up.

Solution:
DELL XPS 15Z (L511Z) comes with PXE network boot.
I've installed TFTP and BOOTP service to another well working Ubuntu 14.04. Then boot the DELL and finally installed Ubuntu 14.04.

Conclusion:
Never use a Windows! as a Operating System.


Clean install ubuntu 16.04 cannot connect to wifi using NetworkManager, but nmtui works

I have been having the same issue, While not a fix, I found that restarting the network manager works. I have included the instructions to do this below.

From the command line

Stopping Network Manager

sudo /etc/init.d/network-manager stop

Starting Network Manager

sudo /etc/init.d/network-manager start


Formating Ubuntu installer on a usb stick

Once you have installed Ubuntu, open 'GParted' (it may be called Disks), delete the partition, and reformat your USB stick to FAT32 - but be careful that you do not format your hard drive. There is a guide here.


This problem is caused by Windows. I assume that you are running Windows 8/8.1/10. Those Windows versions use a technology to put the partition in a hibernation mode. With other words, Windows protects itself from getting shrinked, as Microsoft rather wants you to use Windows than Linux. (The bastards!) Anyway, you are able to disable the hibernation by using a Command Prompt as Administrator under Windows and executing the following command: powercfg.exe -h off. That should do the trick. If it's still not working, post your question here, and I'll see if I can help you out.


Shortcut Icons on the desktop do not work

There are three possibilities.

If you have a symbolic link (the text of the icon will be in italics if it is), there isn't a lot you can do to modify it.  It's easier to delete it and start over.
If you created the shortcut as a widget (by dragging a folder to an empty desktop, as shown)

then you can edit ~/.kde4/share/config/plasma-desktop-appletsrc to change its path.  For example, I created a VirtualBox icon widget on the desktop, and it shows up in plasma-desktop-appletsrc thus:

[Containments][37][Applets][38]
geometry=777,157,138,96
immutability=1
plugin=icon
zvalue=0

[Containments][37][Applets][38][Configuration]
Url=file:///usr/share/applications/virtualbox.desktop

If I wanted to change this to point to Firefox instead, I'd just change the URL line to

Url=file:///usr/share/applications/firefox.desktop

(obviously, change the path to your desired one) and save (you might need to log out/in).
The third type of link is the *.desktop shortcut; these are a lot like Windows's *.lnk files.  It turns out that Linux's *.desktop files are actually just text files, and can be edited!  The thing to do is to right click it and choose Open In > Kwrite or Open In > Kate (if you have Kate installed).

You can ignore all the names that appear (if you have an application), but look for the Exec= line near the bottom.  If you have a folder shortcut, the line will be URL= instead.  You can change this to whatever you like.

When you save and close, KDE may mark the file with a little warning symbol.  This is normal and means that KDE doesn't know that the file is safe to launch.  If you click on it, go ahead and accept the warning that pops up.


How much space do I need on my dvd-r for the LiveCD of 12.04?

The standard desktop CD install image is just under 700 MB, the DVD image is at most 1.6 GB. A standard 700 MB or higher blank CD or any blank DVD will do (you can also use a USB thumb drive).

You'll need to boot from your chosen install media (CD, DVD or USB drive) to install.

If you haven't already read the official instructions I would highly recommend you do so.


Mass conversion of numbers in text files using sed

If you want to increment the first field in monotonic manner, you do not need to use an extra file for the mapping or the first field, just use awk to set the first field as the line (record) number:

awk '{$1=NR} 1' file.txt

It will rebuild the whole record with space as the new field separator, but in this case i think we are safe as the fields are separated by spaces.

Now, here are the ways to solve your problem where you have an extra file let's say id.txt with the first fields:

You would be better off using something that can understand line number and keep track of them e.g. awk:

awk 'NR==FNR {a[$0]=NR; next} {$1=a[$1]} 1' id.txt file.txt

assuming, id.txt contains the extracted first columns only and file.txt is the main file
NR==FNR {a[$0]=NR; next} saves each record of the file id.txt as key of associative array a with the value being the corresponding line number. next ensures no further processing is done to the records of id.txt
{$1=a[$1]} sets the first field to the value of corresponding array element; note that, this has the caveat of reconstructing the whole record with space as the separator but i guess in this case we are safe to leverage this brevity. 1 is just a placeholder for interpreting true so that the whole record is printed afterwards

If you feel fancy, you can use some standard *nix tools, with help from process substitution (<()) of bash and paste finally:

paste -d' ' <(nl id.txt | cut -f1) <(cut -d' ' -f2- file.txt)

nl id.txt | cut -f1 gets the line number
cut -d' ' -f2- file.txt gets all fields but the first

Example:

% cat file.txt
565 0 10 12 23 18 17 25
564 1 7 12 13 16 18 40 29 15
182 10 12 23 18 17 25
892 1 7 12 13 16 18 40 29 15

% awk '{$1=NR} 1' file.txt
1 0 10 12 23 18 17 25
2 1 7 12 13 16 18 40 29 15
3 10 12 23 18 17 25
4 1 7 12 13 16 18 40 29 15

% cat id.txt
565
564
182
892

% awk 'NR==FNR {a[$0]=NR; next} {$1=a[$1]} 1' id.txt file.txt
1 0 10 12 23 18 17 25
2 1 7 12 13 16 18 40 29 15
3 10 12 23 18 17 25
4 1 7 12 13 16 18 40 29 15

% paste -d' ' <(nl id.txt | cut -f1) <(cut -d' ' -f2- file.txt)
 1 0 10 12 23 18 17 25
 2 1 7 12 13 16 18 40 29 15
 3 10 12 23 18 17 25
 4 1 7 12 13 16 18 40 29 15


Media player recommendation for automatically playing files in the folder

Any player will do that just do right click on folder, open with another application, then select one of your video players. I'm using celluloid.


vi = too hard to use for a new user
nano = text editor that is run from the terminal like vi, only it's much easier to use for 2 reasons:

The instructions for using nano editor are always found at the bottom of every page.
The only two nano keyboard shortcuts that you need to know are for WriteOut and Exit. Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+O and after that press Enter to save the file being edited. Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+X to exit nano.

nano is installed by default in Ubuntu.
Tip - Make the terminal easier to read. In the terminal select Edit -> Profile Preferences -> Colors tab and change the Background color to black and the Text color to white.


A script that juju ssh's into a node and then exits automatically - troubleshooting

substituting exit 0 instead of logout solved it.


If you run ip addr from a terminal window the output should tell you.  The line that starts with inet in the output will tell you.  Dynamic will say but Static will be blank. Plus, the line containing valid_lft and preferred_lft will show time remaining if dynamic. I have put some examples below.
DHCP or Dynamic IP Address:
$ ip addr
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 40:8d:5c:4f:12:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp3s0
    inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft 28899sec preferred_lft 28899sec

Static IP Address:
$ ip addr
4: bond0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether bc:5f:f4:79:66:fe brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.220/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global bond0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Hope this helps!


The easiest way to get the latest version of skype is from the official website. Unfortunently it's really outdated compared to the windows OS, but there's not much else to do but wait and hope until Microsoft releases a new update.

According to WineHQ someone managed to install Skype 5 using wine. Apparently setting the windows version to windows 8 allows it to work.


Can I enable OS X-style mouse wheel scrolling (not natural scrolling)

This feature is often referred to as mouse scroll acceleration, or mouse wheel acceleration.
Unfortunately, this feature is not implemented yet.
Here is the corresponding XServer issue (reported by me originally, also my patch...), this is the launchpad report, and here is a similar report for lipinput in Wayland.
I guess you could help with your vote on the issue. Or with an updated patch for libinput.

I implemented such a feature in user space here (mouse-scroll-wheel-acceleration-userspace).
This will increase the scroll speed, or accelerate the scroll speed.
You would just run this in the background, with your preferred options.
The code is quite simple Python code, and should be easy to modify as well.


Disagreement between "About this computer" and /etc/lsb-release

As you can see, /etc/lsb-release shows the true current version.

The gear icon >> About this computer, opens System Settings >> Details.

The Details dialog box, however, is not fetching the system settings from /etc/lsb-release. Instead, it displays a graphic file that has the version number as part of the image: /usr/share/gnome-control-center/ui/UbuntoLogo.png.

Apparently, on your factory installed system, when an upgrade is performed, this graphic file is not replaced; so Details continues to show the version that was originally installed.


The Karmic images are now in the old-releases folder of ubuntu.com

Since Karmic is end-of-life you will need to change your scripts to find the old-releases repository

This is described further in the community EOL wiki.


How do I use the find command to effectively recurse when the pattern contains a wildcard?

The wildcard pattern *.java is expanded by your shell before it is passed to the find command. If you have a single file foo.java in the current directory, then the shell executes the command find . -name foo.java. If you have two files bar.java and foo.java, the command find . -name bar.java foo.java is executed and find complains of a syntax error. If there is no matching file in the current directory, then the shell leaves the pattern unexpanded, so find . -name *.java is executed as you desire.

To tell the shell not to expand the pattern, so that it is always passed as-is to find, quote it:

find . -name '*.java'
find . -name "*.java"
find . -name \*.java


Unable to create new folder. (ctrl+shift+N) is not working in my HDD partitions folder

The problem is caused by Windows 10 default fast Startup setting.

Boot Windows

Turn off Fast Startup in Systems Settings:

Open the Control Panel (icons view), and click on the Power Options icon.
Click on the Choose what the power buttons do link on the left side. (see screenshot below)

Click on the Change settings that are currently unavailable link at the top. (see screenshot below)

Under Shutdown settings, uncheck the Turn on fast startup box, click on the Save changes button. (see screenshot below)

Source: TenForums

Boot Ubuntu

The new partitions should now work as expected.

Hope this helps


I have wanted to do something similar in the past. I had two ideas: split things based on port and split things based on process owner. Linux's networking system can, it transpires, handle both of these scenarios.

I asked two questions on Unix.SE. I haven't followed up on either particularly well so if you do play around, let me know what works for you.

By port
Only allow certain outbound traffic on certain interfaces
By user Can I limit a user (and their apps) to one network interface?

I dare say there is some overlap between the two techniques and that's why I mention both of them here. I've also put a large bounty on the second for some solid examples. I think splitting network connections between users is probably the most useful scenario for both of us.

Edit: I just did a Google for iptables owner and found this. This seems to suggest that a few dirty iptables lines would fix this right up. I'm still to test but it looks positively simple...

Assume you had eth0 and eth1 connections and you wanted user bob to use eth1 and only ever use eth1, and force everything else onto eth0. This should do it...

iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -m owner --uid-owner bob  -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth1 -m owner --uid-owner bob  -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth1 -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -j ALLOW

I'm assuming you can just swap our eth1 for your VPN connection's name and bob for an new user you'll create to run your ssh connection from via: su -c ssh username@host bob.


as @taifwa said, Systemwide proxy settings in ubuntu was the solution.

and here is my script:

    ssh -D ${LOCAL_PORT} -f -C -q -N ${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_HOST} -p ${REMOTE_PORT}

    #set socks setting in System settings > Network > network proxy
    gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode 'manual'
    gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.socks port ${LOCAL_PORT}
    gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.socks host 'localhost'
    gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy ignore-hosts "['localhost', '127.0.0.0/8', '${LOCAL_RANGE}', '::1']"

    sudo su <<-EOF
    #environment settings
    echo "socks_proxy='socks://localhost:${LOCAL_PORT}/'" >> /etc/environment
    #apt settings
    echo "Acquire::socks::proxy 'socks://localhost:$LOCAL_PORT/';" >> /etc/apt/apt.conf
    EOF

run as root is required for editing  environment and apt.conf,

edit:

but it's important to know editing org.gnome.system.proxy as root has no effect on current user, so them should run as normal user. so don't run the script with sudo


This is fairly old, but I thought I'd reopen this, with a possible but report in the making.

I oversee a fairly large network on which we have many users who access a central LTSP server. Lately, we've noticed slowdowns and unintended log-offs when users take screenshots. Looking at top -0 %MEM, there are some xfce4-screenshooter processes taking fairly little CPU resources, but significant fractions of a TiB of memory (0.19) one process hit, which appear to hang as they acquire lots and lots of CPU time. I haven't reproduced the problem myself yet (hence no bug report), but I'm about to confirm and thought I'd reopen this as a prelude to an xfce bug report.

In answer to the question, if you are able to open a terminal window:

ps -ef | grep xfce

will give you the PID of the xfce4-screenshooter process, which you can then kill:

sudo kill <pid>

EDIT:

Looks like this was already solved.

Go to ~/.config/xfce4 and delete the xfce4-screenshooter file


what is the current stage of ubuntu tablet , is it viable to use with a android note 10.1?

Make it a dual boot, or load ubuntu through android itself and test it out for a week. Remember android is linux OS, ubuntu can function on almost all android devices i'm sure, (I've even begun to question on ubuntu running on an android emulator console even.)


Running Unity on Ubuntu 14.04 returns me to the Ubuntu login screen and never lets me run Unity. Has anyone else had this problem?

Go into whatever terminal you are using and,
Run "sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade" then "sudo apt-get unity ubuntu-desktop" then sudo apt-get install -f" to fix dependencies.
Then reboot.


How to get the TrackPoint sensitivity right on my Thinkpad X1 Carbon Gen 6 with Kubuntu 20.04

After "investing" 1 day of seeking for a functional solution, including tweaking libinput settings and installing sysfsutils, going back to synaptics showed up as the only way to keep my beloved trackpoint in action.
It seems to me that libinput is just not sophisticated enough and without properly set-up acceleration profile the trackpoint for me seems useless.
Found partial solution in this blog: fixing the trackpoint on ubuntu

Instal synaptics and remove libinput:
apt install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-input-evdev-hwe-18.04
apt remove xserver-xorg-input-libinput xserver-xorg-input-libinput-hwe-18.04

Add config file for X11: Create a 20-thinkpad.conf file with the following contents in the /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d folder:
Section "InputClass"
Identifier "Trackpoint Wheel Emulation"
MatchProduct "TPPS/2 ALPS TrackPoint|TrackPoint"
MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
Option "EmulateWheel" "true"
Option "EmulateWheelButton" "2"
Option "Emulate3Buttons" "false"
Option "XAxisMapping" "6 7"
Option "YAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection


14.04, I have Disabled CPU throttling, but installing Atlas says: "CPU Throttling apparently enabled"

I am a fairly recent Ubuntu user and not a computer expert and I was having exactly the same problem as you. After some struggling, I managed to avoid the message "CPU Throttling apparently enabled!" and got ATLAS 3.10.2 installed.

The first tip I got in https://sourceforge.net/p/math-atlas/support-requests/859/#f11d, where it basically says that "The only time ATLAS should detect throttling that isn't occurring is when the processors are fixed to run at a lower speed than their maximum speed." My processor was not running at its maximum speed, since I had a BIOS speed limit.

If you have the same problem, look at the maximum frequency allowed in the file /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq.  Copy this value to the files for each processor(/cpu/cpu1, /cpu/cpu2 etc). You need to do it as super-user, but before it takes effect, you have to edit the file /sys/module/processor/parameters/ignore_ppc from 0 to 1. More details are given here.

This was still not enough for me and I figured out that I had to edit the files /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq to the same value that was used before. After that, I did not get the boring message any more and ATLAS was successfully installed!

update: I have just gone through this process again and it seems that the real problem is to have the power scaling driver intel p_state enabled. The procedure above will only work if you disable it first. Follow the instructions in here and replace "enable" by "disable" as explained here.


Wifi is not working in HP Envy x360 with Ubuntu

Run in terminal

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-acer.conf <<< "blacklist acer_wmi"

and reboot.


dpkg-reconfigure is provided by the debconf package, which should always be installed in any Ubuntu 12.04 install. If it's not, use:

sudo apt-get install debconf

In your case, you are running Amazon's AMI Linux which is based on CentOS, not Ubuntu. That's why apt-get or dpkg-reconfgure, which are native to Debian/Ubuntu, are not available on your EC2 instance.


Load Ubuntu from Live USB. Mount partition where your encrypted home directory reside (from Nautilus for example). Assume the home directory mounted to /media/ubuntu/myHome. Then try in terminal:

ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase /media/ubuntu/myHome/.ecryptfs/user/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase

where user is your user name - replace it.

You'll be asked for your user password and then you'll see your encryption real passphrase - copy and save it to a text file. Next run:

sudo ecryptfs-add-passphrase --fnek

Enter you passphrase obtained from previous command. You'll see two lines with Inserted auth tok with sig with something in square brackets like this [7897fd8789g7dfg] - copy (without brackets) and save it to text file. We'll need second of keys in square brackets. Next make directory:

sudo mkdir /media/ubuntu/decryptedHome

and run

sudo mount -t ecryptfs /media/ubuntu/myHome/.ecryptfs/user/.Private/ /media/ubuntu/decryptedHome/

You'll be asked for some questions - allow default answers except file names decryption - allow file names encrypted and when you'll be asked for files names passphrase enter second key from square brackets [].

If everything was OK you have to find your home directory files in /media/ubuntu/decryptedHome/ directory.


UNIX_lab@MyComputer:~$ sudo reboot -f

Should work, i.e. w/o `` (this indicates command substitution and is only needed in scripts)

Use command substitution e.g. like this (in a script)

mkdir /home/`whoami`


you can start manually . If you a login screen then press keys of CTRL+ ALT+ F1 . then login there with username & password .

Now type this

sudo start kdm

give the sudo password .

hope that helps .


Can't install Kubunutu since it says space is unusable. ( dual boot along side windows 10 )

This is because your disk format is MBR (Master Boot Record) an dit supports only 4 primary partiitons. You can check it from Windows Disk management tool by
Right Click Disk 0 on the left  -> select Properties -> In that Volume Tab. You can see either Master Boor Record or Guided Partiiton Table (GPT). If it is GPT, which is a new disk partition method can support numerous primary partitions. But MBR is old and can support upto 4 primary partitions only.
So you have to use one primary partition to create a logical or extended partition. Inside that you can install Kubuntu. Never format or delete that newly created primary partition as it removes the whole logical partition too.
There is another option, to wipe whole hard disk and reinstall everything in GPT mode. I have seen tutorials to convert from MBR to GPT without reinstallation, but I didn't try it yet. Do it at your own risk


I think you are using the wrong keyboard layout. Open your launcher and search for keyboard layout. From there you should be able to add your keyboards layout to the list. You should set it as the default keyboard.

Incorrect keyboard mapping on Ubuntu under VirtualBox

Edit:

If you only have CLI than you can try

# dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
# service keyboard-setup restart

When you run dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration you should get a prompt for what keyboard layout you have/want, follow the prompts.

Source: Debian Keyboard configuration

From that I have seen this works for people using 14.04 though some say they had to use sudo when running it.

more information can be found here: how-to-permanently-configure-keyboard


Looks like you are missing the config paramenter?

In your case it would be:

openvpn --config AVORA-duo.conf

.. and if all the files are stored in the folder /etc/openvpn/, then it would be automaticly loaded during startup (assuming openvpn is part of the startup of course).


Is it normal for Google Chome development channel to not have the 'Paste and Go' option in the address bar?

I have a "Paste & Go" option available at the bottom of the menu that seems to offer the same functionality. It says "Paste & Search" when the item in the clipboard is not a valid URL.

However, I have the google-chrome-stable version installed.

EDIT: I am running Ubuntu 11.04, not 11.10


ubuntu installation hangs at "Installing the 'grub2' package..."

Getting detailed information

Usually you will see the version in the name of the downloaded iso file. Otherwise you will see it, when booted from the USB drive with the command line

lsb_release -a

You can check the md5sum with the program md5sum,

md5sum filename.iso

and compare to the listed value in the file MD5SUMS, that you find in the same directory as the corresponding iso file. You find it via this link,

releases.ubuntu.com/

The partition table, MSDOS or GUID (GPT), is listed in the output of the following command. See the output for the internal drive, where you intend to install Ubuntu or Lubuntu, and also for the USB pendrive,

sudo parted -ls

Rufus has a good reputation. When you know the partition table (of the USB pendrive) you can choose the option in Rufus.

You can find which boot mode that is used in the computer with the following command,

test -d /sys/firmware/efi && echo efi || echo bios

Please edit your original question and put your answers there. Please make the output of the commands easier to read by indenting each line 4 spaces to render it as 'code'.

Then you can write a comment, that you start with @sudodus in order to send an alert to me, and I can continue helping you (unless I have gone to bed; I have Central European Time; but then someone else might chip in and help you).

Suggested method to make a successful installation

Boot into the Ubuntu live drive 'Try Ubuntu' (still in UEFI mode)

Remove the current partition table and data, that might confuse the installer

Install mkusb in Ubuntu live (yes, I know, that it will not persist a reboot, but you can use it as long as you run the live system).

sudo add-apt-repository universe  # only for standard Ubuntu

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mkusb/ppa  # and press Enter
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mkusb mkusb-nox usb-pack-efi

Use mkusb-dus to wipe the first mibibyte. In a terminal window,

dus

and follow the instructions in the menus.

Create a new partition table

Start gparted,
Select the correct drive (the internal drive) in the small box at the top right corner
In the dropdown menu 'Device',

select 'Create partition table' and
gpt
and click the Apply button.

I think this is enough in gparted. Now there should be a GUID partition table (but no partitions yet).

Start the installer

Start as before ...
At the partitioning window of the installer,

The 'Installation type' screen is displayed

Select Erase disk and install Ubuntu

Continue, and I think it should work to install grub.

Good luck :-)


follow these steps: I am assuming you have installed limbo using playonlinux

Click on the game icon inside playonlinux and then click configure.
Go to installed component tab.
Install the following packages:
 vcrun2013, dxfullsetup and dotnet45.

Simply put, all those dependencies that this game requires to be playable on windows, must be installed on Linux as well.  P.S. Three package mentioned above worked for me, you might need to install more based on your system.


There are two problems here:

Commands like ls —which auto-detect the colour support— don't find support from pipes
less is set to just display colour codes by default.

Both can be overcome but it's a bit clunky:

ls --color=always | less -R

This isn't ls specific. Many commands that support colour also have an override argument.

A slightly more in-depth answer is that ls is checking whether or not its STDOUT belongs to a real terminal or not. When you pipe things around, the STDOUT is set to the STDIN of the next command.

You can see this at work in the ls source code. It's using the isatty command (a core POSIX interface) to work out what the situation is:

Are colours on by default:

    print_with_color = (i == color_always
                        || (i == color_if_tty
                            && isatty (STDOUT_FILENO)));

Do we try to output in multiple columns:

if (format == long_format)
  format = (isatty (STDOUT_FILENO) ? many_per_line : one_per_line);

//...

if (isatty (STDOUT_FILENO))
  {
    format = many_per_line;
    set_quoting_style (NULL, shell_escape_quoting_style);
    qmark_funny_chars = true;
  }
else
  {
    format = one_per_line;
    qmark_funny_chars = false;
  }

grep does a very similar thing, unless explicitly overridden, it'll detect colour support, with isatty:

color_option = isatty (STDOUT_FILENO) && should_colorize ();


Sorry, Ubuntu 18.04 has experienced an internal error

The problem had to do with the Nvidia graphics card. I edited the boot options and added nomodeset and now I can login and use the computer, but the graphics are not very good (everything seems to be zoomed in, I can't see the full display in my screen). I think that now I have to install some proprietary Nvidia drivers and remove nomodeset to make everything work like it is supposed to, but I'm not sure what drivers I am supposed to install or how. Once I figure it out I'll update the answer.


Why is there a /bin/echo and why would I want to use it?

If you open up a bash prompt and type in an echo command, that uses a shell builtin rather than running /bin/echo. The reasons it is still important for /bin/echo to exist are:

You're not always using a shell. Under a variety of circumstances, you run an executable directly and not through a shell.
At least in theory, some shells don't have an echo builtin.  This is not actually required.

To expand on #1, suppose you wanted to move all the regular files whose names started with abc anywhere in src to dest. There are several ways to do that but one of them is:

find src -name 'abc*' -type f -exec mv -nv {} dest/ \;

But suppose, rather than just running that, you want to see every command that will be run first. Well, then you can prepend echo to the command, just as you might in other contexts:

find src -name 'abc*' -type f -exec echo mv -nv {} dest/ \;

But find doesn't use a shell. That runs /bin/echo.

Besides find with -exec or -execdir, the /bin/echo executable will be called by other programs that themselves run programs but not through a shell. This happens with the xargs command (which is related to find), as well as in a number of other contexts, such as the Exec= line of a .desktop file. Another example is when you run sudo echo, which can be handy for testing if sudo is working.

Similarly, some shells have a printf builtin but /usr/bin/printf also exists.

A less common possible reason you might deliberately use /bin/echo is if you were relying on the differences between it and the echo command provided by your shell. man echo documents /bin/echo; help echo in  bash documents the bash builtin. echo is not very portable, because different implementations--both across operating systems and across shells on the same operating system--support different options (e.g., -e) and differ in their treatment of backslashes. Of course, it's better to avoid relying on such details, and use printf instead, which is far more portable.

In bash, you can make the type builtin show /bin/echo as well--assuming /bin is in your $PATH as it always should be--by passing it the -a flag:

$ type -a echo
echo is a shell builtin
echo is /bin/echo


Simple way to recover a deleted file in a sub-dir of an encrypted home directory (ext4 file-system)

There are numerous tools to do the job. I have very good experience with photorec (ubuntu package testdisk), but have no idea how it will perform with an encrypted disk.

Take a look at this page, this page and this answer, but frankly, I would not have too high hopes. What can I say -- sorry for lecturing you, but you really should have made backups. Nowadays backups are easy and cheap, and really not such an effort to make. You know what they say -- there are two kinds of people: those who do their backups regularly and those who will.


encfs won't decrypt my encrypted folder - password incorrect

The best easiest solution is to go to a backup copy, encryption by design makes data recovery nearly impossible, so backups are more important than ever.

The encfs man page has some things to say about different versions, stuff like

  Note: EncFS reads at most 2k of data from the password program, and it
  removes any trailing newline.  Versions before 1.4.x accepted only 64
  bytes of text.

  If an EncFS filesystem configuration from 1.4.x is modified with ver‐
  sion 1.5 (such as when using encfsctl to change the password), then
  the new PBKDF2 function will be used and the filesystem will no longer
  be readable by older versions.

Even stuff like block sizes & different filename encoding may be unsupported in older versions.

I'm just guessing, but probably trying all the different versions messed stuff up. If you're lucky then none of the files were correctly mounted so the files themselves may be unchanged, and mounting them with the same version of encfs might still work. Or maybe only the .encfs6.xml "configuration" file was changed a little.

If the same version of encfs that created the files, or a newer version doesn't work, them maybe you've got a good backup copy of the .encfs6.xml file to decrypt the files. If you DON'T have a good backup then you might be able to re-create a configuration file that will work, I'm trying to find out how to do that myself in case something goes wrong with the config file, and keeping a config file with a password hash & instructions how to decrypt the files isn't terribly secure either.

I just tried creating a new empty encfs folder using the same
settings & password as another folder with encrypted files. BUT the
.encfs6.xml files had different  "encodedKeyData" probably because of
different "saltData" and different "kdfIterations" and trying to
mount the old files with the new .encfs didn't work (error decoding
filenames, checksum mismatches...).
I'll try changing the new .encfs file to matching saltData &
kdfInterations, so just different encodedKeyData. --> Still doesn't
work! Even with --anykey doesn't work!

So it looks like you really need an identical .encfs6.xml file to decrypt any old files. Recreating a new .encfs with the same options would get almost all the file recovered, but still need the "encodedKeyData" "saltData" and "kdfIterations" so if those 3 options weren't changed in your .encfs6.xml file but maybe some other options were changed, you might still be in luck?

Also, DON'T use cryptkeeper! (At least until after you can decrypt your files) Use encfs directly in a terminal, with encfs -f -v  encodeddir decrypteddir to get a hint of what's going on, for all I know it's an old or weird version of cryptkeeper alone that's not mounting your directories correctly, come to think of it.


Go at http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gnuzilla/ and download the latest package.

Extract it at your desired location.

There, you may be able to launch the browser by just double clicking the icecat executable, or try first, by opening a terminal in that location:

chmod +x icecat

To create a desktop file like for a normally installed browser:

Using gedit text editor:

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/icecat.desktop

Then paste this, changing accordingly the lines that start with Exex= and Icon= :

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Icecat Web Browser
Keywords=Internet;WWW;Browser;Web;Explorer
Exec=path/to/your/location/icecat %u
Terminal=false
X-MultipleArgs=false
Type=Application
Icon=path/to/some/icecat.png
Categories=GNOME;GTK;Network;WebBrowser;
MimeType=text/html;text/xml;application/xhtml+xml;application/xml;application/rss+xml;application/rdf+xml;image/gif;image/jpeg;image/png;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https;x-scheme-handler/ftp;x-scheme-handler/chrome;video/webm;application/x-xpinstall;
StartupNotify=true
Actions=NewWindow;NewPrivateWindow;

Save, close, and you should see it in Dash or other launchers, or add it to a panel etc.

Depending on your desktop environment and/or launcher: in order to properly see the icon in the launcher, icecat.png file might be needed in a proper location.

Let's say we have a 128x128 file called icecat.png (that we can get from somewhere like here).

Go to the location ~/.local/share/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/icecat.png ( or create it first), and then again sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/icecat.desktop, change the necessary line to Icon=icecat.


Can I change a linux swap partition to a file system without losing data?

Swap in Linux is not the same as swap file in windows. In Linux swaps take over partitions, not files.

If you assign a previous existing file system as swap Linux formatted it for that purpose, your data will be lost.

If that is the case it will be really hard (if not impossible) to get it back.


having problems installing ubuntu comset failed errno 16

prepare a 2GB or 4GB USB flash, UltraISO and Ubuntu 14.10 ISO
Use UltraISO to open the ISO and write the ISO document to flash.

There is one point that you'd better use HDD form to write the ISO rather than HDD+. Because many
old boards do not support HDD+.