Can't get a working system from 32bit alternate ISO 12.04

That “686” surprises me,

Save yourself the trouble, i686 is 32-bit :)  (anything that says x64 or x86_64 or amd64 is 64-bit)

If you chose the option to install an Ubuntu Desktop via the Alternate CD, just try entering startx and enter, to see if something starts up (I don't remember since I usually use the alternate CD to specifically install CLI systems).

If not, type sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y, followed by sudo apt-get install XYZ, where XYZ can be ubuntu-desktop, or xubuntu-desktop, or lubuntu-desktop. Considering that you're on a D420, I recommend one of the latter two.


I'm surprised you can even boot. Python is an integral part of the system that even ubuntu-minimal depends upon it. Removing via package manager is not possible. I'm not surprised you can't do things.

Your problem now is that to reinstall these files, you need stuff like package managers to work. But they require Python to be there in some form. You probably could attempt to mirror your install and then copy across all the files you deleted... But between the time that would take, and the other issues you would likely run into along the way, I think it's probably a waste of time. Certainly when the other option is so much faster.

It is possible that you've not done as much damage as you claim (that's why it's important to follow the comments under your question and give us as much information about "the event" as possible) but if things are as broken as they seem, you did a pretty good job ☺ and my answer above stands.

The take-away message, here: Congratulations, you get to reinstall.

I'm British so this might come across as snide or condescending but I honestly don't mean it that way. I've broken dozens of computers over the years doing stuff just like this. This is how we learn. What you've done is pretty terminal but there's no shame here. You now know not to do it again.


For all php-related packages use the historical repositories from old-releases.ubuntu.com for the karmic Ubuntu release to downgrade to php 5.2

I created a script solution here:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=9201854&postcount=6

it adds the histroical sources to a file /etc/apt/preferences.d/php5_2
that locks all php-related packages to karmic.

your system will stil stay on the actual release (11.10) onnly php will be taken from the old release


Why are there two ssh daemons running in top?

Doesn't top show userland threads by default? One is likely a thread of the other.

If you look in htop (a more interactive top) you can sort by tree and find out. You can also disable showing threads in its options screen (F2, Display Options and check Hide userland threads)


I add following line  to eclipse.ini

-Dorg.eclipse.swt.browser.DefaultType=mozilla

and

org.eclipse.swt.browser.DefaultType=mozilla

to config.ini , and my probelm solved.


Gnome3 Win+M in Unity (Ubuntu 12.04 LTS)

Depends on your GNOME version it might differ from one version to another.

According to this page: https://wiki.gnome.org/Design/OS/KeyboardShortcuts

On version prior to 3.9 you can use the Super or F1 keys, for later versions try using Super or Super+S.

From a personal point of view: I'm using Ubuntu 12.04 with GNOME3 and the Super (Windows) key works just fine.


Can't find "Online accounts " in system settings panel

Online accounts were introduced in Gnome 3.6 or 3.8 I believe, Ubuntu 12.04 uses Gnome 3.4


ubuntu 18.04 won't shut down, stop job is running

I had exactly the same problem after changing to LightDM because I had boot freezing and/or freezing when trying to open system settings. Looking around (in Ubuntu 18.04 stuck at shutdown) I found the shut down is able to proceed if you do two things:

Turn off WiFi manager
Go to power settings and set automatic suspend off and set "blank screen" to never.

However this is certainly not a good solution, or rather no solution at all.

The real solution for me was rather simple, run:

sudo apt clean
sudo apt autoremove

I cannot find a log of the output the terminal gave me, but I can remember it removed some stuff related to WiFi panel indicators. In any case, after this I turn on WiFi and set my power settings back to usual and the reboot is just perfect. I hope this helps.

Note that previously I had removed common-indicators to allow app indicators in tray with LightDM.


You need to create a file called cloud.cfg with the exact lines of text you see below:

#cloud-config
    snappy:
        ssh_enabled: True

save in /home/user/google-cloud folder

and run: sudo ssh -i ~/.ssh/google-ecdsa ubuntu@ <external IP>


Booting Ubuntu from USB drive on MSI motherboard -- EVERYTHING fails

It looks like the latest bios version is 7C37v14 (Release Date 2019-09-18). Update your bios to this version in order to get the latest Linux support.

With these processors and motherboards being so new it is a good idea to pay attention to the latest bios releases.


How do I install a package without installing the whole group?

I can confirm that running sudo apt install lxdm pulls in many dependencies (I tried it in Ubuntu MATE focal but not in Xubuntu, but all focal packages are the same).
After running apt-cache show lxdm I see that lxdm Recommends: lxde-common, desktop-base and in turn lxde-common Recommends: lxde-core, lxde-session, lxpanel, lstask, lxrandr, lxsession-logout, lxlock, gnome-screenshot. Each of these has its own dependencies too, and you do end up installing the entire LXDE.
The solution is to run it like this:
sudo apt install --no-install-recommends lxdm

which will result in only single package lxdm to be installed.


If you have the Windows 8 CD, then just fire it up. Windows should be able to detect the hard drive partitions as normal which you can then choose the Windows partition and install your Windows 8 CD.


if i understand your post correctly this is because the brightness hotkeys do not work? if so try changing:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

to this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="quiet splash acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor"

in the file /etc/default/grub, then:

sudo -i
update-grub

after this hotkeys should be functional


This question has been answered previously.

  I had the same problem. You can fix it manually.  Open System
  Settings > Displays.  In the Displays window, you will see an
  Unknown monitor.  Click it and disable it.


What is an alternative to "sudo dpkg --configure -a" which removes the problematic package?

I now was able to apt purge the packages which I tried to install instead of running the above command. This resolved the issue. This was not possible before but probably it was due to a running process. So, there is no need to run dpkg --configure -a, just if you really want to finalize the installation.


How to start/stop downloads in Azureus (Vuze) via terminal?

This solution works flawlessly

OK. So building up on my previous answer, here is a solution that works right out of the box without any hassle.

First, install this plugin in Vuze: Azureus HTML WebUI

Now, go to your browser and open http://localhost:6886/. This is a web UI for controlling your Vuze. Here, you can see that to pause/resume downloads, you have a link with such URL:

http://localhost:6886/index.tmpl?act=pause

Now, you can simply "click" this url using CURL by making a GET request. Hence, fire up these commands in the terminal for pausing and resuming:

curl --request GET 'http://localhost:6886/index.tmpl?act=pause'   # For pausing
curl --request GET 'http://localhost:6886/index.tmpl?act=resume'  # For resuming


It was better for you to mention what you tried.

Anyway, this looks like a webapp, not a bookmark. See the folder:

~/.local/share/applications

you will find it and can delete it.

Otherwise you'll find it on /usr/share/applications/, but you need to open the file manager as root. To do this via GUI you can press Alt+F2 and run gksu nautilus.

Remember, once your work is done, close the privileged Nautilus window. You may break your system by fault.


Inproper image for Raspppbery PI Snappy Core?

This should be fixed now: https://developer.ubuntu.com/en/snappy/start/raspberry-pi-2/

Ubuntu Core 16 was released last week.


You can use gparted to move & resize your partitions. If you're going to be working on your root partition ie. "mounted at /" you'll need to make a livecd or bootable usb drive to boot into gparted.

More info can be found in this guide.

Edit: Now that your image link is working, I can be a little more clear. If you were to shrink and move to the right your sda5 partition that will add to the amount of unallocated space between sda7 and sda5.

Being that you're going to be working on your root parition, you'll need to do it from a gparted live usb.

Once you've shrunk sda5 to the right, you can drag the boundary of sda7 to the right, using that unallocated space to make it bigger.


how to set up a .Mac/MobileMe account in Evolution?

Mail is simple enough. You just need to set up an account in Evo to use IMAP:

The settings for MobileMe IMAP should be as follows:

Incoming server: mail.me.com or mail.mac.com (doesn't seem to matter which one you use).
SSL: On
Incoming server port: 993

Outgoing server: smtp.me.com
SSL: On
Authentication: Password
Outgoing server port: 587

Yoinked from here: http://www.neowin.net/forum/topic/658662-mobileme-imap-settings/

I don't know how to sync calendars though. You might need to proxy it through something else that can sync to it and then connect evo to that (Can google calendar do that?)


Making deb with bzr: QApplication dependency

The building environment is the minimum clean one which does not have a Display Server (X11, Wayland). Qt seems to fail detecting a display server.
I suspect those image tests launch some tools that required some desktop features.
Because this is the initial try to package.

Enable the packaging debug using: export DH_VERBOSE=1 at top of debian/rules file.
Override DebHelper test step to skip it till you get you get some results then fix it later. Using an empty override_dh_auto_test:

Reference: https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/dreq.en.html#rules
If you get it through, try enable tests that don't require server first. For full tests with display server, honestly I lack the experience, I didn't face such case before. Either all packages disable that or there is a solution which I didn't notice.


How do I configure Samba so that Windows 10 doesn’t complain about insecure guest logons?

After many hours of searching and cursing, I have the answer, at least for a domain/Active Directory environment.

The key point is to remove/comment out any map to guest line in your smb.conf (or set it to the default of never.) This disables unauthenticated user access which will make newer Windows happy.

But it creates the problem where machine accounts can't access the share in the event you're hosting software installation files there for deployment via GPO. To fix that, you need to add a linux account for the computer account ("COMPUTER$") and you need some kind of identity mapping (idmap) set up to ensure that computer account Kerberos principal ("DOMAIN\COMPUTER$") is matched to the UID of this new COMPUTER$ linux account.

Then of course the share itself needs to grant permissions to computer accounts. World-readable should suffice, but I ended up setting Samba to use Windows ACLs for shares as described (very well!) on the Samba wiki.

But if your Samba machine isn't completely/correctly integrated into the domain, that's much easier said than done. In my case, since my Samba configuration was originally set up in the 3.x days, it needed an overhaul. I ended up saving off the existing smb.conf, removing the machine from the domain, purging all Samba config files/packages, reinstalling the packages (on Debian, I needed samba, samba-vfs-modules and libnss-winbind,) configuring afresh as a domain member according to this Samba wiki page (I used Idmap ad FWIW), then setting ownership of the share target directories on the Samba box as described in the above Windows ACL article before I could set NTFS and share permissions in Computer Management. (Make sure the domain user you will use to manage permissions on the files in the share is either the owner of the files or a member of the group that does at the UNIX level.)

After all of that, testing from a Windows box using psexec.exe -i -s -d cmd.exe then issuing net use \\server\share /user:%COMPUTERNAME%$ no longer results in the dreaded error message but instead the very welcome The command completed successfully. And sure enough, my GPO software installations deployed successfully. :)


It Automatically select last username on login screen

Edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf and add the following lines:

greeter-show-manual-login=true

Then restart lightdm:

sudo service lightdm restart


Just installed Ubuntu 14.04 and it is extremely slow, painfully so

If ubuntu 10 ran top notch, take a look at Xubuntu, which is more like ubuntu 10, Ubuntustudio, which also uses the same desktop but includes a lowlatency kernel, or Lubuntu, which uses openbox.


export commands ignored in /etc/apache2/envvars script -

Try using PassEnv SYBASE SYBASE_OCS in your apache config file.

Also you may have to stop/start apache (restart was not working for me)

See my answer on serverfault


Cannot resolve package dependencies following LTS upgrade from Lucid to Precise

why not try

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

dpkg --configure -a

apt-get -f install package name here


Hi i made 2 threads about this topic on ubuntuofurms.org here they are,
you could try this one http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1666895
If you want to dual boot doing that one means reinstalling linux.

And this one is about fixing frub witch should apply in your case.
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1666885

I hope it works !


How to make terminal shortcut with this code in it?

If you want to make it a permanent command that works no matter what user (root or your own account) you're using, then this is the simplest. Open a text editor and make a new document. Save it to your home folder as the name of your command (example: mycommand). Then in the document enter the following

#!/bin/bash
cd "/home/owner/.wine/dosdevices/c:/Program Files/Riot Games/League of Legends/RADS/system"
WINEDEBUG=+ntdll wine "rads_user_kernel.exe" run lol_launcher $(ls ../projects/lol_launcher/releases/) LoLLauncher.exe

Save it. Now open Terminal and do the following:

chmod +x mycommand
sudo cp ~/mycommand /usr/bin/mycommand

Now just restart the Terminal or enter the command bash. You should now be able to run your custom script at anytime by using it's name (example: mycommand)


How can I ungroup applications separately in unity launcher?

The way links show up and act in Unity (or most modern Linux-desktops for that matter) is directed by the .desktop files (under: /usr/share/applications/ or for a single user under ~/.local/share/applications/) For more on that see: http://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/latest/. Another good guide on using the .desktop file to change the behaviour  is http://themagicofscience.blogspot.com/2011/05/unity-adding-items-to-dock.html (inclidung further references)

As standard setting, wine creates e.g. for Picasa (in my case in a file "~/.local/share/applications/wine-Programme-Picasa 3-Picasa 3.desktop") the command

Exec=env WINEPREFIX="/home/[user]/.wine" wine C:\\\\windows\\\\command\\\\start.exe /Unix /home/aj/.wine/dosdevices/c:/users/Public/Startmenü/Program Files/Picasa\\ 3/Picasa\\ 3.lnk

that has as a result that all wine-apps appear under a single icon in the launcher.  To change this behaviour you have to create a new .desktop file for picasa or change the existing one so that wine directly launches the application's executable.

so the command should be (don't ask me, why ~ or %USERNAME% don't work here)

Exec=wine "/home/[user]/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/Google/Picasa3/Picasa3.exe"

To create the link and the accompaning icons I followed the rather complicated guide
under the bug report "Unable to add Wine applications to Unity launcher"

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/704187/comments/3
whole report:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/704187/

But with the aforementionedguides you might even create the .desktop file yourself or at least adapt it to your needs once you have the correct basic setting.

Added benefit for this is that you see the application icon in the launcher (not just wine) AND can pin the wine app to the launcher.

HTH
Andreas


Answer copied from comments:

Just lock the account by using:

passwd -l username


Ubuntu 18.04 Gnome desktop does not have tray icon for qz-tray - why?

I ran the following commands to install QZ Tray (based on official guide):

sudo apt-get install git ant nsis makeself default-jre
cd ~/Downloads
wget https://github.com/qzind/tray/releases/download/v2.0.7/qz-tray-2.0.7.run
chmod +x qz-tray-2.0.7.run
sudo ./qz-tray-2.0.7.run

At first I tested it in normal traditional desktop - Ubuntu MATE 18.04 LTS and it has tray icon in place here just after installation:

Then I switched to Ubuntu 18.04 LTS with GNOME:

With default settings it is not shown (i.e. gnome-shell-extension-appindicator is installed, enabled and loaded).
Then installed TopIcons Plus extension from GNOME Software - it shows icon in non-expected place (note green printer near Firefox icon and black square near clock):

Afterwards I removed TopIcons Plus and installed TopIcons extension - it does not work even if I start it manually with java -Xms512m -jar "/opt/qz-tray/qz-tray.jar".

So I recommend to drop this brave new GNOME world and switch to fully functional traditional MATE desktop environment by executing sudo apt-get install ubuntu-mate-desktop^.
As normal users we do not have time to overcome all these new non-predicted difficulties.
Also you can try to find support on GitHub issue page to fix this problem for GNOME.


how to format the ffmpeg command to record sound from my webcam

The following is the correct way:

Issue the arecord -L command.
Look for the plughw values which corresponds to your hardware. Please note that plughw represents a hardware which has been plugged into the computer.
Crosscheck the values in /dev/snd/by-id directory.

When you unplug the webcam(s), the by-id sub directory will vanish from the /dev/snd directory. This is an excellent test to confirm which plughw is an externally plugged in device.

The sound device(s) ID listed there will be the same as or correspond to one of the values obtained from the arecord -L command.
The command to use is ffmpeg: -f alsa -i plughw.
Please note, do NOT enclose the plughw value in quotes.
A working example for me was:

ffmpeg -f alsa -i plughw:CARD=U0x46d0x821,DEV=0 -acodec libmp3lame -t 20 output.mp4

You may add the video portion to the above command by adding:

-f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0

I hope this helps. Any related question(s) is/are welcome.


How can I install Ubuntu with APT (not Snappy) on the Raspberry Pi 2?

User leo submitted a great answer as a comment, I am reposting it here for convenience:

  There is also a community image here, with all instructions on what you might want to install/configure as well


What is mDNS? Is it possible to make mDNS query without mdns service running?

1. What is mDNS?

To get the overall picture, you need to look at something named Zeroconf. The Zeroconf concepts were implemented first and fully by Apple, but Apple use the marketing name Bonjour (initially Rendezvous) for it. mDNS (multicast DNS) is part of this -- see below.

Apple uses Bonjour for...

...AirPrint (when iOS mobile clients are looking for an available printer in the LAN which they can use for "driverless printing"), or for
...CUPS printer shares to be published in the LAN, or for
...iTunes music library sharing on the LAN, and for
...many other services which should work without a central DNS server to be installed, configured and maintained.

Under Linux, these same concepts were implemented by the Avahi project.

Bonjour/Zeroconf has 3 major goals:

Allocate IP addresses without a DHCP server.
Translate between host names and IP addresses without a DNS server.
Discover services (like print providers) without a directory server like LDAP and make it easy to use them.

The complete technical Zeroconf concepts are specified in a series of RFCs, mainly:

IPv4LL / rfc3927 for assigning Link-Local IP addresses without a DHCP server.
mDNS / rfc6762 for multicast DNS to resolve hostnames without a central DNS server.
DNS-SD / rfc6763 for DNS-based Service Discovery without a central directory server.

One of the principal architects of Zeroconf was Stuart Cheshire. After writing down his thoughts about how to implement Apple's original ease of use AppleTalk Name-Binding Protocol over TCP/IP networking Stuart got hired by Apple to help implement the Zeroconf concept for Mac devices. He then also was a principal author of the above linked RFC documents.

Apple's Bonjour implementation is also available for Windows and Linux (although on Linux there is also an independent implementation named Avahi) as Open Source under the Apache License v2.0.

IANA runs a service names and ports registry, where developers who wish to define and develop new service types for their systems can reserve and register names for them.

2. Is it possible to make an mDNS query without an mdns service running?

Yes, it is.

Just run

avahi-browse -a

to get a continuously updated list of service announcements from all nodes on your LAN and the services they offer. A more verbose output is listed by

avahi-browse -v -a -t

The -t here also terminates the command automatically (and doesn't auto-update the list) after it can be assumed to have all currently active services discovered.

You can browse for IPP-enabled (Internet Printing Protocol) printers like this:

avahi-browse  _ipp._tcp  -r -t

The -r will "resolve" the found services and show a human readable name for them. The _ipp._tcp is the (weird) name encoding for services you need to get used to if you study this topic in more details. In this case it is the precise syntax to be used for IPP services in the LAN. Example output for above command:

+  wlan1 IPv4 Officejet 6500 [F051B9]                       Internet Printer     local
=  wlan1 IPv4 Officejet 6500 [F051B9]                       Internet Printer     local
   hostname = [HPA0B3CCF051B9.local]
   address = [192.168.78.24]
   port = [631]
   txt = ["Scan=T" "Duplex=F" "Color=T" "UUID=1c852a4d-b800-1f08-abcd-a0b3ccf051b9" "note=" "adminurl=http://HPA0B3CCF051B9.local." "mac=a0:b3:cc:f0:51:b9" "priority=30" "usb_MDL=Officejet 6600" "usb_MFG=HP" "product=(HP Officejet 6600)" "ty=Officejet 6600" "URF=CP1,MT1-2-8-9-10-11,OB9,OFU0,PQ3-4-5,RS300-600,SRGB24,W8,DEVW8,DEVRGB24-48,ADOBERGB24-48,IS1" "rp=ipp/printer" "pdl=application/vnd.hp-PCL,image/jpeg,application/PCLm,image/urf" "qtotal=1" "txtvers=1"]

You can also browse for services in a different domain, which exposes these to The Internet. One example domain were you may succeed with this (most of the time) is dns-sd.org:

  avahi-browse --domain=dns-sd.org -a -v -r

I've copied part of this answer from the Bonjour tag info over at AskDifferent. However, most of this tag info article was written by me anyways, so I don't at all feel bad about it....


Ubuntu 16.04 Login Loop/no launcher nvidia

Was able to fix it by messing around with BIOS (not sure what I did, I went back to the same settings I had and login worked). Configuring CCSM took care of the launcher.


Empty nvidia-settings after install v. 331.67 driver on Ubuntu 14.04?

You installed the driver from ubuntu repositories over a driver you manually installed.

Follow that tutorial to uninstall that driver.

Then remove nvidia-updates with sudo apt-get purge nvidia-331-updates nvidia-settings.

Reinstall Nvidia current driver with sudo apt-get install nvidia-331 nvidia-settings


Netatalk 100x slower than scp with USB disk

I found the issue. The drive is a seagate POS.

explained here http://www.linuxjournal.com/node/1005886


Just install this GNOME Shell extension by sliding the slider.
Your user menu should now show a few new extra options: Hibernate, and Power Off...


How to boot Ubuntu 14.04 with grub4dos (RMPrepUSB)

Both do not work.
Works only this variant:

title Install Ubuntu 14.04 amd64
find --set-root /iso/ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso
map --unmap=0:0xff
map --unhook
root (hd0,0)
map /iso/ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso (0xff) || map --mem /iso/ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso (0xff) || map --mem --heads=0 --sectors-per-track=0 /iso/ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso (0xff)
map --hook
root (0xff)
kernel /casper/vmlinuz.efi file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/iso/ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso quiet splash --
errorcheck off
initrd /casper/initrd.lz
errorcheck on
map --unmap=0:0xff


Command to run GUI Frontend for apt-get update

You can't do apt-get update from the command line of the update manager.

To run the command, use

update-manager

man update-manaer gives:

     --data-dir=DATA_DIR
          Directory that contains the data files

   -c, --check-dist-upgrades
          Check if a new distribution release is available

   -d, --devel-release
          Check if upgrading to the latest devel release is possible

   -p, --proposed
          Upgrade  using  the  latest  proposed  version  of  the  release
          upgrader

   --no-focus-on-map
          Do not focus on map when starting

   --dist-upgrade
          Try to run a dist-upgrade

so you can move over by running

update-manager --dist-upgrade


How can I prevent Android emulator from crashing my laptop?

You can decrease its size and disable some functionality that you won't be needing.


Something has set up an alias I don't understand "alert"

There's an unclosed quote in It's raining. bash is waiting for you to close the quote behind the scenes so it appears it's not working. Try a single word without an apostrophe or even "CamelCase" or close the quote like alert It's raining'

Another possibility that might make you think the alert alias isn't working is a window with the always-on-top modifier over the upper right quadrant of your desktop.


I tried to configure the Internet through pppoeconf and it all started working on. Thanks Pilot6 for pointing me to the right direction.


Okay.. looks like after all it was an issue with the /var/lib/bind/ourserver.internal.db file, started from scratch and now it's resolving fast and error free! :), actually i'm leaving here the example i took from other web site:

;
;BIND data file for example.com
;
$TTL    604800
@       IN      SOA     ns1.example.com. info.example.com. (
                            2007011501        ; Serial
                                  7200        ; Refresh
                                   120        ; Retry
                               2419200        ; Expire
                                604800)        ; Default TTL
;
@        IN        NS        ns1.example.com.
@        IN        NS        ns2.example.com.
example.com.    IN    MX        10        mail.example.com.
example.com.    IN    A        192.168.254.1
ns1                IN    A        192.168.254.1
ns2                IN    A        192.168.254.2
www                IN    CNAME    example.com.
mail               IN    A        192.168.254.1
ftp                IN    CNAME    example.com.
example.com.       IN    TXT      "v=spf1 ip4:192.168.254.1 a mx ~all"
mail               IN    TXT      "v=spf1 a -all"


The shortcut Alt-F4 send a close message to the window, as when you press the little x button on the title bar. It is a windows manager configuration.

It depends upon the application whether to respond to this event closing all together the application, or iconize (i.e. like xchat can be configured) or other.

The Ctrl-Q shortcut you mention is not universal, every application can have its own. For example evince use Ctrl-W, some other use Ctrl-Q to close, Ctrl-W to close a single tab and Shift-Ctrl-W to close all tabs (but not all windows).


The answer is complicated and and evolving: see https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/292868/how-to-customise-keyboard-mappings-with-wayland for a variety of approaches.

The GNOME Tweak Tool might be your best bet. https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/417708/108198

By the way, Ubuntu 18.04 LTS uses Xorg by default.


Show Lenovo Yoga 730 fan speed in Kubuntu

After a bunch of digging and investigation for the Super I/O chip used by the LNVNB161216 motherboard, it seems that the fan speed is neither exposed nor controllable by any operating system. The chip in question is from Nuvoton and operates independently.

for other models, you can try this:
You may need to make some changes to your /etc/default/grub, then run sensors-detect again. Try this:

Edit /etc/default/grub as rootsudo vi /etc/default/grub
Add/Edit the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX value so that it reads:GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_enforce_resources=lax"
Save the file and close
Update Grub with sudo update-grub
Re-scan the hardware with sudo sensors-detect

The fan speed should now be visible when using applications that display this data.


Opening a terminal from 14.04 Installation Disk

To open a Terminal from the disk, choose "test Ubuntu" and just do as you would regularly Ctrl+Alt+T. You can still install Ubuntu from the test Ubuntu option.

If you want to format, clean, or partition your drive, you should use gparted which you can launch by typing sudo gparted and entering your password or running it from your applications. If you continue with your installation, you can also change/wipe/partition your hard drive using the "Other" method of installation, or just continue with the regular installation method and it will automatically do the partitioning.


How to set-up/enable Fingerprint sensor?

Based on the output of the lsusb you provided, I am not sure that your finger printer scanner is supported (device id: 138a:0018 doesn't show up in the the supported devices list).

in any case, there is a package you can install that will work with supported finger print scanners:

Add this PPA to your sources:
  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fingerprint/fprint
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get upgrade
Install the software:
 sudo apt-get install libfprint0 fprint-demo libpam-fprintd gksu-polkit

You can find more detailed information at:
https://launchpad.net/~fingerprint/+archive/fprint

Hope that helps!


How to delete carriage returns from Nano?

This seems not to be necessary.

$ echo -e 'foo\rbar\r\n' > nano
$ cat -A nano
foo^Mbar^M$
$
$ nano nano

I do absolutely nothing except type Ctrl+O and press enter to save the file, then Ctrl+X to exit...

$ cat -A nano
foo$
bar$
$

So apparently simply opening a file and saving it in nano on Ubuntu is sufficient to destroy carriage returns.


How do I hide Rhythmbox to just show a tray icon?

I'm using the Unity desktop and closing it works for me(the X icon not of the _ icon).  It doesn't actually close, it just hides.  If this doesn't work on Gnome3, you should file a bug report.


Cannot change printer name (WERR_ACCESS_DENIED)

OK, this took research from multiple sites/pages.  I'm finding out that network printing using SAMBA in a mixed Ubuntu-Windows environment can be a complex affair, and this may not solve everyone's issues...but if your symptoms are the same, you can give this solution a shot.  (For all coding below, substitute your computer name for "computername" and your Ubuntu login name for "username", etc.)

When trying to add a networked/shared printer connected to an Ubuntu machine to a Windows client (so you can print from the Windows machine), the error message from Windows given above ("Windows cannot connect to the printer.  Make sure you have typed the name correctly...") may indicate that the printer name being reported by the Ubuntu machine is incorrect.  Windows appears to be very finicky about the name of networks and network resources.  From the terminal, using the command rpcclient localhost, then enumprinters, you may see output like this:

  rpcclient $> enumprinters
    flags:[0x800000]
    name:[\LOCALHOST]
    description:[\LOCALHOST\HP-SuperJet-10,HP SuperJet 10,Hewlett-Packard HP >SuperJet 10]
    comment:[Hewlett-Packard HP SuperJet 10]

Notice that the name field only contains "\LOCALHOST\"...this is incomplete; your printer name should also be in the brackets (in this case, "\LOCALHOST\HP-SuperJet-10").

The suggested solution is to use the command setprintername in rpcclient, but that may get you the error WERR_ACCESS_DENIED instead of WERR_INVALID_PRINERNAME.  This would seem to indicate that you as a user lack the permissions to make system-printer changes.  But after going through a lot of rigamarole trying to give myself the rights (e.g., using SePrintOperatorPrivileges) and getting additional errors (NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED), I checked (net rpc rights list -S Computername -U Username) and found that I had already been set up with those rights!  This is what let me know something else was wrong.

The solution I found is to add a line to the Samba configuration file in the [global] section.  From the terminal window, type gksu gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

The line to add is:

  force user = username

Save your changes, close the gedit program, and then in the terminal window, restart the necessary services:

  sudo service smbd restart
  sudo service nmbd restart

That should enable/enforce your permissions to change the printer name.  Enter rpcclient localhost to go back to the rpcclient.  Now, here's another catch I found:  For the setprintername command it seems you have to enter the printer name TWICE...simply entering setprintername = HP-SuperJet-10 didn't work; after testing and failing again, an enumprinters check in rpcclient showed that the printer name STILL only showed "\LOCALHOST\".  (I'm guessing here, but it may be because that's the proper syntax for the setprintername command).  Enter:

  setprintername = yourprintername yourprintername

For me, "yourprintername" was "HP-SuperJet-10."  An enumprinters command this time should show something like this:

  rpcclient $> enumprinters
        flags:[0x800000]
        name:[\\LOCALHOST\HP-SuperJet-10]
        description:[\LOCALHOST\HP-SuperJet-10,HP SuperJet 10,Hewlett-Packard HP SuperJet 10]
        comment:[Hewlett-Packard HP SuperJet 10]

If you can see the proper printer name appended to the end of LOCALHOST in the name field, you've done it.  I found that when applying this fix, my Windows machines can even see the printer on the network whenever I attempt to "add a printer" from them.

Further notes:  this solution has only worked so far with me on Windows Vista machines.  Windows 7 appears to be giving me different error messages, which will almost certainly require a different solution.  Wish me luck!


Ubuntu 14.04 laptop keyboard doesn't work

might be a codepage issue
  according to those

http://meabi.com/linux-keyboard-issue-with-lenovo-3000-y500-solution/
http://jbmoore61.blogspot.ro/2012/03/toshiba-satellite-l775d-s7340-and-linux.html

type

locale=en_EN i8042.reset

at the end of grubs kernel line

when grub menu appears select the linux os > press "e" > go to the end of kernel line and edit > press "b" to boot
or after OS loads > terminal > nano /etc/default/grub  > GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="quiet splash locale=en_EN i8042.reset" > update-grub


How do I start Firefox in another language than the default?

Goto menu item Adds-On, then Languages and disable the non wanted language.
You need to restart firefox, then.

Another solution: from command line:

LC_ALL=en_GB firefox -no-remote

in this way you change the environment of firefox, making it believe it is in en_GB locale, only for the given execution.

Obviously both the locale than the firefox support package for that locale should be installed, for this to work.

For example, to see firefox in french, the prerequisites are:

sudo locale-gen fr_FR fr_FR.UTF-8 && echo "Success"
sudo apt-get install firefox-locale-fr
LC_ALL=fr_FR firefox -no-remote


Update Gnome to latest 3.32 on Ubuntu 18.04 without upgrading Ubuntu

You can basically use updated GNOME desktop apps (so excluding system ones like Shell) on any system on which it is possible to install flatpak.

You can obtain stable versions (3.34) through flathub and last development versions through gnome-nightly repos.


ssh.service startup failure; port 22 already in use

A bit long for a comment ...
I took @steeldriver's suggestion and ran the suggested systemctl call:
$ systemctl -all list-sockets
LISTEN                       UNITS                           ACTIVATES
... snip ...
/run/udev/control            systemd-udevd-control.socket    systemd-udevd.service
/run/uuidd/request           uuidd.socket                    uuidd.service
[::]:22                      tinysshd.socket                 tinysshd@0.service
audit 1                      systemd-journald-audit.socket   systemd-journald.service
kobject-uevent 1             systemd-udevd-kernel.socket     systemd-udevd.service

Of interest is the 3rd line up from the bottom ... something called tinysshd listening on port 22.
I couldn't find any explanation for what tinysshd does (ie, doesn't appear to be a system required service) so I removed tinysshd and was able to successfully start the ssh service:
$ sudo service ssh status
● ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-02-04 15:14:34 CST; 3s ago
       Docs: man:sshd(8)
             man:sshd_config(5)
    Process: 3887 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/sshd -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 3888 (sshd)
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 7032)
     Memory: 1.3M
     CGroup: /system.slice/ssh.service
             └─3888 sshd: /usr/sbin/sshd -D [listener] 0 of 10-100 startups

Feb 04 15:14:34 ubu20a systemd[1]: Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server...
Feb 04 15:14:34 ubu20a sshd[3888]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Feb 04 15:14:34 ubu20a sshd[3888]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Feb 04 15:14:34 ubu20a systemd[1]: Started OpenBSD Secure Shell server.

I can also see sshd listening on port 22:
$ sudo netstat -tulpen
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       User       Inode      PID/Program name
...snip ...
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      0          66119      3888/sshd: /usr/sbi
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      0          66121      3888/sshd: /usr/sbi
... snip ...


You can download required file from here.

Locate it in brcm/BCM20702A1-0b05-17cb.hcd and place it into /lib/firmware/brcm/BCM20702A1-0b05-17cb.hcd. After that just re-insert bluetooth device. dmesg will show you that firmware properly loaded, so you can configure bluetooth with Bluez software.


How can I disable the notification for received files on GNOME?

The solution is to disable the notification from the GNOME-User-Share settings.

Open Personal-File-Sharing from the system menu or Unity Dash.
When it opens

Disable the "Notify about received files" option.

I found this after I ran into the problem a little too often really needed a solution.


How can I know whether a serial cable adapter works with Linux

For what it's worth, I've not had a problem with the last three such adapters (on different laptops) I bought.  I've never had to install a driver, either.
My current usb-serial is a Micro Innovations branded adapter.
Because hardware compatibility lists are often out of date, I generally either look (online or in person) at the label specs or description (newegg, amazon, etc.).  There is generally at least one model that will explicitly say it has Linux support.   If that is absent, I've had good luck with devices listed as Mac compatible.


(Dual Boot) Ubuntu install ignores grub settings

As shown by @oldfred in a comment, the Ubuntu installer is bugged. It ignores user input in the "Device for boot loader installation" combobox, and clobbers up the fist EFI partition if finds. Selecting sda instead of sda1 makes no difference (at least on my machine).

The bug is old, first reported in 2013 here https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubiquity/+bug/1173457 and here https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubiquity/+bug/1396379. There are a few workarounds to be found in the reports, but I chose to move to another distribution(openSuse).

Thank you for the support!


I have an HP Chromebook 14 and have Ubuntu 12.04 installed on it. It's great! I can switch between Chrome OS and Ubuntu. For a laptop that began as a glorified browser, it's now a fully functional "real" operating system! I currently use it for web development. Here are two different links with step by step directions for installing Ubuntu on your Chromebook. Personally, I used Life Hacker's directions, but the other is just as good.

Life Hacker
http://lifehacker.com/how-to-install-linux-on-a-chromebook-and-unlock-its-ful-509039343

Ray Waldo
http://raywaldo.com/2013/01/howto-ubuntu-on-chromebook/


Upgrading from 9.04 to 11.10, unmet dependancies

You cannot upgrade to oneiric using the method you've chosen.

You can only go through 9.10/10.04/10.10/11.04 to oneiric.

Rollback to a Jaunty using an image backup I'm sure you have made.  Download the alternate CD for 9.10 and upgrade using that before moving through each upgrade sequence...

Or backup your vital files in your /home folder, do a clean 11.10 install and restore your files.


Enable ADC input on Beaglebone with 4.x kernel

The device tree overlay system has changed a little bit with the 4.x kernel. According to this page, the location is now /sys/devices/platform/bone_capemgr/slots. I also found in this bug report that the name for the device tree overlay is not cape-bone-iio, it is now BB-ADC.

So the command to run on a 4.x kernel Ubuntu system is:

sudo sh -c "echo 'BB-ADC' > /sys/devices/platform/bone_capemgr/slots"

You should then be able to read the analogue values with a command like this:

cat "/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0/in_voltage0_raw"

To make this permanent over a reboot, you can modify the uBoot command-line options, in the file /boot/uEnv.txt. Insert a line like this one:

cape_enable=bone_capemgr.enable_partno=BB-ADC

Note that (I think) you can only have one "enable" line in the file, if you have other modules to enable here, put them on one line separated by commas.

Now on reboot the Beaglebone will enable the ADC input.


VBox: Error mounting shared folders in Ubuntu 12.04 guest "gid= requires an argument"

I think the problem is that unlike $UID, $GID is not a bash built-in variable. Instead, you may be able to use $(id -g) i.e.

sudo mount -t vboxsf -o uid=$UID,gid=$(id -g) shared ~/host

or (for consistency)

sudo mount -t vboxsf -o uid=$(id -u),gid=$(id -g) shared ~/host


How to find history of shell commands since machine was created?

It may or may not be possible to get all commands. It depends how many commands you executed and how the history limit was set.

However you can see the history list are stored here

/home/<YOUR_USERNAME>/.bash_history

Related question (for handling multiple shell history):

Is it possible to make writing to .bash_history immediate?


How to recover Files from a coruppted Micro SD card?

I am sometime facing the same issue after building android for odroid card and badly modify things.

When trying to recover the card, it is sometime quite difficult, but i have discover that using disks app in ubuntu may help : select your SD card and click the gear in right vue of app. Select "format..." and choose 'don't overwrite...' and 'mbr'.

For me, when the card is partitioned, it recovers partition table, and the SD card can be read again.
I think you should run a linux image (ubuntu for example) and run it as a live USB key / CD from your laptop, which will be better for card reader.

You may want to save your data before :

sudo dd if=/dev/<SD_path> of=/home/<user>/sdcard.bin


I sometimes have this issue, too. Try the Switches tab in xfce4-mixer and make sure that all the relevant switches there are enabled.


How do I update to the latest mainline kernel on a server?

According to this site, Ukuu has a command line interface which you should be able to use on Ubuntu Server:
OSTechNix


How to create a recovery partition in memory

For this to work you would actually have to access the memory and partition it at the BIOS level. Instruct the BIOS to, or not to, parse the the allocated memory blocks when booting.

It would add another level of security also. Recovery accessed by using a administrative password.

In theory this would be as a SSD only living on the RAM. If this were to work there would be no need for a grub loader as all the hard instruction would load when you pressed the power button. Sweet!!! instant on.

I don't know of any way to flash the memory with that kind of detailed instruction.


Woke uo this morning to find out that nautilus icon are bigger

First, open nautilus.

Then, click on a blank space in nautilus.

Finally, press CTRL + + to increase the size of the icons; press CTRL + - to decrease the size of the icons.

Alternatively, you can press CTRL and scroll up with the mouse-wheel or touchpad to increase the size of the icons; press CTRL and scroll down with the mouse-wheel or touchpad decrease the size of the icons


Server Install error 404 not found during ubuntu installation

You are trying to add a repository / install from a repository of disco dingo (ubuntu 19.04). That version has reached its end of life and no longer supported. That is why that repo no longer has release files.

The version you should use (if you're still interested in 19.x versions) is ubuntu 19.10 (Eoan Ermine), but you should also take in mind that this version will not be supported for much longer.

Also, about the versions you mentioned: ubuntu 18.2 does not exist, ubuntu 22.04 release is planned to April 2022). Ubuntu 20.04 is currently the latest release.

For more information: Ubuntu 19.10 (Eoan Ermine),
Eoan Ermine Release notes,
The Ubuntu lifecycle and release cadence


Error occur when i setup the IP of bbb-conf for bigbluebutton

I'm one of the developers of BigBlueButton.

What's happening is that the bash script bbb-conf is trying to run

wget http://192.168.0.75/bigbluebutton/api -O - --quiet

You can check this on the command line and should get

$ wget http://192.168.0.75/bigbluebutton/api -O -
<response><returncode>SUCCESS</returncode><version>0.8</version></response>

The wget is making an API call to BigBlueButton server (listening on port 80) get the current version of the API.  Can you check that the server's IP address is 192.168.0.75 and that port 80 is opened.


Gparted not resizing partitions & I'm unable to access Ubuntu 14.04 install

You may upload a screenshot to some service, and rest here a link. Without an error description it is hard to say what you had encountered.

About your second part of a question, if I properly understood you, the Windows just erased an old loader. It's not a big problem, unless you may load from USB stick. As the Windows doesn't recognizes an alien bootloaders, it is so often occured thing, that the Canonical(a company that develops Ubuntu) even wrote a how-to on how to fix it.

UPD: I am agree with @ Curtis's hypothesis, but I think that you may try to solve this other way, than trying to find latest version, or compiling it from a sources: try to install KDE Partition Manager, and see, what it does (sudo apt-get install partitionmanager).


I would try using backports before using the EOL 4.8 kernel
sudo apt-get install build-essential
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/backports/stable/v4.14-rc2/backports-4.14-rc2-1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf backports-4.14-rc2-1.tar.gz
cd backports-4.14-rc2-1
make defconfig-wifi
make
sudo make install

Reboot and edit your question to add results for dmesg | grep firm


How to save/fix the column width in the Nemo file manager?

Update Nov 2016: Solution for 16.04 and following versions (No solution for Xubuntu 14.04): A patch with a work around has been added to Nemo: the non-name columns should start out at their natural minimum size, with the name column expanding to fill the remaining space, see github forum. Nemo 3.2 with unity patches was added by Andrew (THANKS A LOT!) to webupd8.org PPA Nemo3:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/nemo3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nemo nemo-fileroller

Update Sept 2016: More info please, see webupd8.org PPA Nemo 2.8.7. He could not patch Nemo 3 for Ubuntu (with Unity):"Unfortunately I couldn't update Nemo to v3, it requires so many updates to the old patches that I doubt anyone will do it. However, I did manage to include the list-view patch, as well as some other patches from Nemo 3, into Nemo 2.8.7. Those patches seem to only work with GTK 3.18 and newer (I'm not sure, but I saw in a commit that they need some fixes to work on Linux Mint 17.x and thus, Ubuntu 14.04). That's why I uploaded Nemo 2.8.7 with these new patches for Ubuntu 16.04 only."

Update January 2016: No new feedback since May 2015, please leave a comment in the github forum to encourage work on this. Thanks.

May 2015: There is no possibility to do it at the moment unless you compile it yourself (see below).
But there is hope, mtwebster wrote:
"There is a large history behind this issue - it's definitely not uninteresting, but there's not an easy fix that pleases everyone - it's a no-win scenario.
Brief timeline:
    Nemo remembers list view widths. People complain they can't reduce widths of some columns to fit a useful list into a small window, and hate having horizontal scroll bars.
    We try to accomodate and make columns able to be made very small if desired. Oh, but Gtk got changed in the mean time, and the list view class we use is actually now broken and we're unable to implement this. You can resize as much as you want, but you never get a horizontal scrollbar, ever. So columns just disappear if you make other columns too wide. The Gtk change also means we can't even go back to the way things originally were - we're on an island.
    The current behavior is implemented as a temporary fix until we figure out what to do.
    We patch the gtk we ship with Mint to 'band-aid' the problem (actually a rejected patch someone submitted to the Gnome devs). There's a PR (#611) to restore the original behavior (see list item 1). This of course will only be useful to people that liked the original behavior, but doesn't improve anything, and only applies to those running this patched Gtk (Mint 17 users).
    You are here.
So, yeah it's been kicked under the rug a bit, and that's our fault. But there's not been a clear solution either. I'll take a look again in the next couple weeks if I can fix the issue at hand here - remembering widths - before 2.6."

A possible but difficult fix:
A primitive workaround at least to start nemo with increased "name" column width is to modify nemo-list-view.c:
gtk_tree_view_column_set_min_width (view->details->file_name_column, 125);
into
gtk_tree_view_column_set_min_width (view->details->file_name_column, 300);
Because that is a 'c' source file, although it is just accessing an API, so could be written in a script language, it is not, so you would need to get all the other sources, and compile them with the right settings then replace the executables, and repeat the whole thing each time nemo was updated.
Source: Github Forum


It seems that is missing this: NV-CONTROL package,...I found this info... since nvidia-settings Tool for configuring the NVIDIA graphics driver
 The nvidia-settings utility is a tool for configuring the NVIDIA
 Linux graphics driver.  It operates by communicating with the NVIDIA
 X driver, querying and updating state as appropriate.  This
 communication is done with the NV-CONTROL X extension....


I'll throw my hat into the ring here as well.  One alternative that I love to use is scrub.  It is in the repositories, so to install it from a terminal window type in:

sudo apt-get install scrub

scrub supports many different types of scrubbing patterns

Available patterns are:
  nnsa          3-pass   NNSA NAP-14.1-C
  dod           3-pass   DoD 5220.22-M
  bsi           9-pass   BSI
  usarmy        3-pass   US Army AR380-19
  random        1-pass   One Random Pass
  random2       2-pass   Two Random Passes
  schneier      7-pass   Bruce Schneier Algorithm
  pfitzner7     7-pass   Roy Pfitzner 7-random-pass method
  pfitzner33   33-pass   Roy Pfitzner 33-random-pass method
  gutmann      35-pass   Gutmann
  fastold       4-pass   pre v1.7 scrub (skip random)
  old           5-pass   pre v1.7 scrub
  dirent        6-pass   dirent
  fillzero      1-pass   Quick Fill with 0x00
  fillff        1-pass   Quick Fill with 0xff
  custom        1-pass   custom="string" 16b max, use escapes \xnn, \nnn, \\

To use scrub to fill the drive with all zeros first make sure the drive is not mounted.  Then run the following line (-p means pattern to use):

sudo scrub -p fillzero /dev/sdX

then you should see something like this:

scrub: using Quick Fill with 0x00 patterns
scrub: please verify that device size below is correct!
scrub: scrubbing /dev/sdh 31260704768 bytes (~29GB)
scrub: 0x00    |.....                                           |

Some of the patterns used for scrubbing should have a verify pass to make sure the scrubbing passed.

If you would like, you can add the hexdump (as in Byte Commander's answer) or any of the other answers to the end for verification.

Hope this helps!


Yes, to configure ubuntu firewall for scanner, it is easy just use terminal:
type in (after entering your password):

sudo ufw allow from xxx.xxx.x.xxx

(your printer's URL), then press "Enter"
That's it. Good luck.


What should I do when apt tries to fetch a package that doesn't exist?

For those who may be interested, I came up with a solution, although I dont think it was a good solution.
Essentially, I hoped the package which was requiring linux-libc-dev would hopefully accept a range of linux-libc-dev versions.
So I curled the closest version into /var/cache/apt/archives

% cd /var/cache/apt/archives
%
..cache/apt/archives % sudo curl -O 'http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux/linux-libc-dev_4.4.0-72.93_amd64.deb'
%
cache/apt/archives % sudo dpkg --install linux-libc-dev_4.4.0-72.93_amd64.deb
%

The linux-libc-dev and checkinstall packages have now installed, but it looks like it may have displaced many other packages

cache/apt/archives % sudo dpkg --install linux-libc-dev_4.4.0-72.93_amd64.deb
Selecting previously unselected package linux-libc-dev:amd64.
(Reading database ... 60543 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack linux-libc-dev_4.4.0-72.93_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-libc-dev:amd64 (4.4.0-72.93) ...
Setting up linux-libc-dev:amd64 (4.4.0-72.93) ...
%
cache/apt/archives % sudo apt-get install checkinstall
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  build-essential cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc gcc-5 libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan2 libatomic1
  libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-5-dev libgomp1 libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0 libmpc3 libmpx0
  libquadmath0 libstdc++-5-dev libtsan0 libubsan0 make manpages-dev
Suggested packages:
  gettext cpp-doc gcc-5-locales debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-5-multilib gcc-5-doc libstdc++6-5-dbg gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc
  gcc-5-multilib libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan2-dbg liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg libubsan0-dbg libcilkrts5-dbg libmpx0-dbg libquadmath0-dbg
  glibc-doc libstdc++-5-doc make-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  build-essential checkinstall cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc gcc-5 libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan2
  libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-5-dev libgomp1 libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0 libmpc3
  libmpx0 libquadmath0 libstdc++-5-dev libtsan0 libubsan0 make manpages-dev
0 upgraded, 35 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/35.3 MB of archives.
After this operation, 126 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Selecting previously unselected package libmpc3:amd64.
(Reading database ... 61354 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libmpc3_1.0.3-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libmpc3:amd64 (1.0.3-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libc-dev-bin.
Preparing to unpack .../libc-dev-bin_2.23-0ubuntu7_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libc-dev-bin (2.23-0ubuntu7) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libc6-dev:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libc6-dev_2.23-0ubuntu7_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libc6-dev:amd64 (2.23-0ubuntu7) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libisl15:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libisl15_0.16.1-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libisl15:amd64 (0.16.1-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package cpp-5.
Preparing to unpack .../cpp-5_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking cpp-5 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package cpp.
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Is it safe to defrag ext4 file system using e4defrag?

It is safe to use. Otherwise it would not be available or have a big red warning when trying to use it.
Here is a good document on ext4 and defragging.
Do not expect to see dramatic benefits since ext4 is made to work without the need for defragmentation.


Create a permanent rule for iptables in Ubuntu

For simple rules, I find it easiest to add the directive to  /etc/network/interfaces

Example

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 10.0.0.1
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    dns-nameservers 10.0.0.1
    post-up iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
    post-down iptables -D INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT


How to import google contacts into Ubuntu 13.04?

I've previously used the Google Contacts add-on for Thunderbird. This creates a separate folder in your address book with your google contacts and seems to work fairly well.

https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/thunderbird/addon/google-contacts/

EDIT: I'm not sure if this is exactly what you want as it does not interact via the online accounts feature.


Unfortunately, Ubuntu does not always provide the latest version of a software. And the latest version of the software provided depends on the Ubuntu version you are using. This is for stability of each specific Ubuntu version. One exception may be the web browser (e.g. Firefox) since it is critical from security point of view.

In your case you can look at the following:

https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=keepassxc

A more detailed explanation was given in a similar Ask Ubuntu question.


I cannot install my Brother DCP-J552N printer

I suggest you download the cupswrapper source code file at the link I gave above. Right-click the tar.gz package and select 'Extract Here.' Open the extracted folder and find the folder PPD. Within is the printer's .ppd file.

Now try to install the printer again and instead of finding the driver from the database, select instead, 'Provide PPD file.' Select the .ppd file you extracted. The printer should install and print.


The problem is that the file you are sourcing is a mix of bashisms/shisms that are not supported by tcsh, starting by how you declare variables:

PATH=$( echo $PATH | tr ":" "\n" | grep  -v "/usr/lib/fsl/" | tr -s "\n" ":" | sed  's/:$//')

This doesn't work in tcsh. You must modify it to:

set PATH = `echo $PATH | tr ":" "\n" | grep  -v "/usr/lib/fsl/" | tr -s "\n" ":" | sed  's/:$//'`

In this case, there are two changes. You must explicitly say you are going to set a variable using set and tcsh doesn't support the $(...) subshells, you need to use backticks `...`.

Also, the if..else is wrong, it should be:

if (-f "${HOME}/.fslconf/fsl.sh") then
  "${HOME}/.fslconf/fsl.sh" ;
endif

That should do it. The full reference can be found in oocities.

Oh, forgot to add, since set is explicit, you don't need any of the export VAR. Just remove them.


You might not need it anymore. Atleast in 3.10, fujitsu-tablet.ko comes preinstalled. Check the output of $ lsmod | grep fujitsu

If output has fujitsu-tablet, then it's already installed.

If you want to build it anyways, download fixed copy from this link.

Replace in the build directory, and build should go fine.

The reason old version is failing is that __devinit and __devexit are deprecated in newer kernel versions.
The field remove (under struct acpi_driver --> ops) has also been deprecated.


Backtrack is an unofficial Ubuntu based distro. It IS linux of course! but not Ubuntu.


This helped me:

sudo apt-get install libasound2-plugins:i386

From here: Skype 4.2 extremely unstable / unusable on Debian sid


W: Invalid 'Date' entry in Release file /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/_var_cuda-repo-8-0-local_Release

First, you seem to be running 16.04 (Xenial), but still have some old 12.04 (Precise) repositories configured. You should really remove them.

For the other warning, probably the file got corrupted somehow, either on your machine or on the server from which it got downloaded. You can safely delete it:

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/_var_cuda-repo-8-0-local_Release

Or even delete the whole lists folder:

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists

After that, you have to make Ubuntu download/update all the lists again:

sudo apt update

This time the warning should be gone. If not, wait a day or a few more and repeat, in case the file is probably broken on the server.


This is an issue that I’ve also faced in the past. I was able to solve it be using systemd rather than crontab.
If you look at the systemd.service manpage, you’ll see generally how to configure systemd to manage a service. There are likely examples for your system in /usr/lib/systemd/system or something similar.
For what you need, the service might look something like this:
[Unit]
Description=Reboot Processes

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/bin/bash /home/{account}/reboot.sh
Type=simple
User={account}
Group={group}
WorkingDirectory=/home/{account}
Restart=on-failure

Put this in a file named something like /etc/systemd/system/reboot-script.service. Then run systemctl daemon-reload (once, and whenever you change reboot-script.service to tell systemd to re-read the configuration), then systemctl start reboot-script.service to start the process.
If that works as expected, you can use systemctl enable reboot-script.service to make sure it starts at boot.
Some notes:

Be sure to change the {account} and {group} strings in the example above to the proper user/group values for your system
WantedBy in the Install section tells systemd which "target" (see man systemd.target) pulls the service in when you enable it using systemctl enable
Restart defines under which circumstances systemd will automatically restart the service. There are more restart-related options, which you may or may not want to change; see the systemd.service man page.

Hope this helps.


I had a similar problem and solved it by running the following commands:

sudo apt-get purge fglrx lightdm
sudo apt-get install lightdm ubuntu-desktop

Then restart your computer and the problem should be fixed.


Cannot see samba shares on Ubuntu 16.04.4 from Windows 8.1 or 10

Finally found out what the issue was. On Windows 10, I clicked on the diagnose button when it failed to map the network drive and it mentioned that it could talk to the remote server but it wouldn't respond. Looked into it, and it turned out that I needed to open up the ports in Ubuntu. Samba uses ports 139 and 445 for TCP and 137 and 138 for UDP. Opening those up with ufw allow <port> worked.


Open "Additional Driver"  option , it will search the drivers that are required for your PC and Card to support .
After that a list of driver being show , here you can select the driver according to you manufacturing company and Broadcom STA wireless Driver work fine with all cards.
You can find the package --->

 sudo lspci
 sudo dpkg --get-selections

for Aircrack-ng support please check the link for supported Brand/Manufactures

http://www.aircrack-ng.org/doku.php?id=compatibility_drivers


Both systemd and systemctl seem to be correct. However, to try to help solve your issue, please try:

sudo -i
/bin/systemctl enable wifi-resume.service
exit

Please post any errors or warnings.


Unity 2D was conceived as a fallback mode for computers without the graphics hardware or drivers to run Unity properly. The project uses, as you say, a separate codebase, and has sucked up substantial engineering resources to stay consistent with the main interface.

Luckily, engineers at the Fedora project have successfully developed and integrated a technology for running rich, composited graphical environments on older hardware. Ubuntu can also adopt this solution. As such, Unity 2D as a fallback mode is now superfluous.

Everyone can now enjoy Unity, without the costs of developing a fallback alternative.

Here are the notes:

http://summit.ubuntu.com/uds-q/meeting/20425/desktop-q-gnome-plans-review/


Try icaclient 13.6.

I had the same error with 13.7 and downgraded to 13.6. I don't have this issue with 13.6 anymore.


I am using autokey  https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/precise/autokey-gtk/  on ubuntu.
This solves the use case


Installing VirtualBox Guest Additions on Ubuntu 12.04

Looks like you're running VirtualBox 4.3 but the PPA for VirtualBox in the Ubuntu repositories is pulling an older version 4.1.12.

If you want to install the virtual box guest additions for the proper version of VirtualBox you're running I'd suggest using the Virtual Box Manager menu option.


I'm certain Ubuntu doesn't recognise that I have two GPUs

I wouldn't use that dialogue as an indication of anything.
It's just a pretty screen with high-level info.

I'd suggest using vendor-issued tools like nvidia-settings (GUI) or nvidia-smi (CLI) to work out what's there. Even neutral things like lspci will tell you what's plugged in.


How do i find out what pulseaudio module does what?

All modules loaded in a default Ubuntu installation do make sense and there should not be any need to remove them. Having said that it is of course near impossible to be ready for all special requirements we may have. Defaults are just what most people need. Before we adapt our defaults we need some basic understanding what a given module will do, and how we are able to restore our default settings in case anything went wrong.
How do I load a module?
Here is an official list of all supported modules:

Pulseaudio Modules

All modules can be loaded or unloaded for testing to a running pulseaudio sound server with the following commands in a terminal:
pactl load-module <name> <settings>
pactl unload-module <name|index>

For example we can load a module that will switch audio output to a newly connected headset by this:
pactl load-module module-switch-on-connect

In case we are happy we can add this module to our default.pa file to load it everytime the sound server restarts.
How do I reset to default?
Any modules loaded at runtime with pactl can also be unloaded by restarting the pulseaudio sound server. This will load all modules defined in the default.pa file. This is done with
pulseaudio -k

We may not want to use the system-wide defaults from /etc/pulse/default.pa but use our own setting valid only for one user instead. We can store this in our home directory in ~/.config/pulse/default.pa. On boot or on restarting pulseaudio settings there will override the system-wide settings.
To make our own default.pa file there just start with
cp /etc/pulse/default.pa ~/.config/pulse/default.pa

We can then easily edit this file with any editor.
In case anything goes wrong we just delete the ~/.config/pulse directory, and restart pulseaudio to load the previous system-wide defaults (and re-create a vanilla ~/.config/pulse).


keybinding problem - shift keys remapped themselves

Typical, found a fix as soon as I posted this Q - so far it seems to work:

1: go to dconfeditor, org->compiz->onboard

2: set keylabel-overrides and layout to defaults ([] and NULL (ie enter nothing) respectively)


How to install a .deb file in Ubuntu-Touch?

While technically you can download a .deb and install it, it's probably not a good idea in many instances.

You need to make the phone read-write (it ships read-only by default) which is not a good idea for most non-developers because the archive used for the phone isn't the full archive, so you may not even find the deb you want. We don't test apt-get installed scenarios on the phone and if you use apt-get upgrade, you may install packages which haven't yet been fully tested as part of image based updates.

That said, you can make the phone read-write:-

adb shell
sudo mount -o remount,rw /

You can then install a deb using usual tools:-

sudo dpkg -i PackageName.deb

However, you can break the phone and may need to re-flash from scratch if it breaks.


Can I install Lubuntu without having the admin password?

Yes. You don't need to remember old Ubuntu password to install new. You just boot a bootable CD/USB and wipe the partition belonging to old Ubuntu install and install Lubuntu on it.

If you still want to reset the password check this question

How do I reset a lost administrative password?

To create bootable USB from ISO check this question

How can I create a Windows bootable USB stick using Ubuntu?

Check these for installation help

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Lubuntu/InstallingLubuntu
How do I install Ubuntu?


I did a systematic check of the usb devices connected to the USB slots, and which bus and port belong to each slot using

lsusb -t

and

dmesg

I checked the status with lsusb -t first, unplugged one device if used, checked again and identified the bus and port number; then I plugged a USB memory stick to the tested slot to check its functionality. I did this step by step for all usb slots, so I could identify the Bus/port address of each usb slot.

I found out that the mouse has been on a USB 3.1 bus beneith a Reiner SCT smart card reader on the next port in my configuration when the problem occured reproducible. I replugged the mouse to the USB 2.0 ports beneith the PS/2 plug, and the keyboard on the second one up there, and attached all usb devices with higher transfer loads to USB 3.1 slots.

This solved the problem (at least until now). Probably, these two ports (bus 1 port 5 and port 6, both throwing -110 and -62 errors during boot) are prioritized for usb keyboard and mouse. Since they had been unused, timeouts and/or USB3.1 protocol issues may have occured until the mouse finally (after up to 25 secs) had been found at the USB 3.1 port and became active.

Strangely, this problem did not occur under the previous versions on the same hardware and USB configuration (16.04 to 19.04), and only since about a week ago (Ubunutu or VirtualBox with Win10 guest update?)

Hope this workaround keeps working.


How do I rename a new album in shotwell?

Albums in Shotwell are called Events
When you import photos using shotwell your images are grouped by date they were taken, this group is called an Event.

Shotwell allow you to merge Events.  To do this, do a multiple select of all the Events you want to merge (Use Control-Click).

Right click on your multiple selection then select "Merge Events"

This will put every thing into one Event, then simply right click on the event and select Rename Event


How to transfer the identity (SSH) of a machine to a new machine?

The server credentials —that make up the "fingerprint" SSH clients bleat on about if they are incorrect— are actually just keypairs defined in /etc/ssh/sshd_config:

# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

Copy these files over (with their .pub variants), replicate a similar config pointing to them, reload sshd, and things should Just Work™.

You'll also want to copy over client pubkeys (that people have uploaded to their ~/.ssh/authorized_keys but as this is an upgrade, you're probably copying those anyway.

And obviously the fingerprint also relies on the hostname being the same but it sounds like that's what you're doing anyway.


Opening files in LibreOffice logs out and returns to the login screen

You should look at the logs, to see if you can get the problem. Also, this seems like a bug, and Askubuntu is not the best place to solve it. You can find all the possible ways of asking for a solution here.
I personally recommend you the IRC Channel or the mailing list.


Error during Edubuntu installation: process:226

I believe the installation was tried from a DVD since we had given a copy of Edubuntu in a DVD to all the participants. The teacher later contacted us and now the problem is solved. The solution was rather simple. He wrote like this:

  Sorry guys for disturbing u. I got the
  solution for my problem....... i have
  to press ALT and CTRL key when error
  occurs. Thank you

Thanks from our side as well.


Does Ubuntu has a MacOS like monitor color calibration app?

The thing that you're asking seems impossible but you can use Websites that offer display calibration by using Human input

and then you can make changes to your color profiles the way you want and test it again until you get it right. this is how I did it at least.

The Lagom LCD monitor test pages

The link above is one of many websites that offer this functionality. There are lot of other answers available that shows you how to edit color profile files.

I don't know how the Mac OS calibration works so I can't suggest an App that is similar to it, and in my opinion many people around here don't know how the Mac OS calibration works, so if you give a little more details explaining how the Mac OS App works then maybe someone will come up with better answer than mine


How to find the manual page of apt install?

Run man apt-get and there you will find what you are looking for.


I'm also running Intel HD 3000 on Thinkpad T420. Using standard 11.04 driver, even glxgears is very choppy and pressing the windows button to access search is unresponsive. I've came across a better HD3000 driver here:

http://phoronix.com/forums/showthread.php?50038-Updated-and-Optimized-Ubuntu-Free-Graphics-Drivers

Now the performance improved a bit, glxgears managed to get 60fps constantly although there still some hiccups and still some graphical glitch in games like nexuiz and tremulous. Nexuiz is still not playable though.


They are providing debian installer files from their website.

Ubuntu 32: http://www.codeandweb.com/download/texturepacker/2.4.0/TexturePacker-2.4.0-ubuntu32.deb
Ubuntu 64: http://www.codeandweb.com/download/texturepacker/2.4.0/TexturePacker-2.4.0-ubuntu64.deb

The image they use to show they have an Ubuntu download suggests it is for 11.04 but that does not mean you can not install it in 11.10, 12.04, 12.10 or 13.04. Let Ubuntu Software Center open the file and see if it installs.

If this works... no need for an alternative.
If not please add it into your question and we can try to work from there ;)


sharing a 1 GB file that can be stream more then 10 computer

You could use Network File System (NFS) to share a directory and place the file in it. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SettingUpNFSHowTo


Difference between text documents and directories

Depending on your way to look at files, it is easy to distinguish, by icons, by conventions, by small indicators.

Many of the comments are to some degree true, but nothing is sufficient as an explanation.

On Windows, you may create text files without extension. There is no mandatory requierement to use extensions.
"Why are there no extensions for text documents in Linux?" There are. On my system, a lot of them, .txt, .csv, .sh, .scala, .java, .sql, .dat .svg, .xml, .html and many more. Many of them indicate more, than just that it is readable text. None of them is a guarantee.
You are even allowed to name a directory "foo.txt", and guess what - it's possible on windows too.
"execute.txt.exe" is of course a trap, but only problematic, since windows introduced hiding of the suffix (only the last one) and deciding by extension, how to execute a file. Unixlike Systems have permisssions, one of them is, to execute a file, and then the system will try to execute it. It's not a guarantee, that it is possible, either.

In the shell, you can get a long output format like:

-rw-rw-r--  1 stefan stefan    2184 Feb  5 04:27 ShortestPalindrome.java
-rw-rw-r--  1 stefan stefan     283 Dez 20 03:58 speedtests.lst
drwxr-xr-x  4 stefan stefan    4096 Nov 28  2012 src
-rw-rw-r--  1 stefan stefan    2609 Jan 16 23:01 Stringkuerzen-2018-01-16_23:01:27.java

with ls -la. The first character 'd' tells you, it is a directory.

Just using ls gives you a brief list. Then the color, which is set up by default, indicates which file is what, especially directories. If you don't fiddle around with it, it should work fine.

Linux has the 'file' command, to make an informed guess, what kind of file a file is, and most of the time this is right. But it can be fooled too. Not as easy as the windows extension system, but it can.

However, naming your PNG-files winter.png, your text winter.txt and a shell script winter.sh is still a good idea, because it is user friendly.

A file browser, like Thunar, will indicate which kind of file a file is, by Icons in the icon view, smaller icons in the list view, and smallest icons in the compact view. Often the sort order is placing directories first.

The midnight commander has it's own way of indicating directories in bright color. I guess most file managers do it in the one or other way.

But in contrast to other files, directories can't be mocked (except from symbolic links, which is a different topic). The type directory is deeply fixed in the system - you can't

cd abc.txt

if abc.txt isn't a directory. And yes, it can be, but most of the time it shouldn't.

With much effort, somebody could generate a program, which would catch the error, to step into a file instead of directory, which could be useful, if the file was an archive, for example, but on the shell I haven't seen such a thing.

And a directory can't hide it's nature. But that's the same for windows too, isn't it?

Conclusion: Most of the time, extensions are useful, but they guarantee nothing. If you have files from trustworthy sources, you can rely on them, if not, the file command is a good help, but no guarantee either.

This is a sample output of

file *
funreturn.scala:                              ASCII text
hexcodes:                                     ASCII text, with very long lines
inkscapepfad.scala:                           FORTRAN program, UTF-8 Unicode text
iterfind.sh:                                  Bourne-Again shell script, ASCII text executable
leaderbord.aoc:                               ISO-8859 text
lib:                                          directory

The guess, that inkscapepfad.scala is a Fortran code, is just wrong, and relying on the extension would here have been the better choice, and that, without intend to fool file, just by incident.


'mysqld' using a lot of ram in Ubuntu 16.04, is it normal?

No, it is not normal.  It is caused by the bug Excessive memory used in memory/innodb/os0file starting 5.7.8.

It is tracked in Ubuntu as Excessive consumption RAM of mysqld daemon in Ubuntu 16.04, and there is also a discussion on Reddit.


Lost password/the user "Sara" doesn't exist

If you didn't set a root password yet (most likely not), then the way I would do it is boot back to the install CD/USB drive that you installed from, then mount the / (root) partition and change the password.

Boot the live CD/USB drive
Mount the / (root) partition, this can be done a number of ways but clicking on the drive Launcher is probably the easiest.
Now you have your computer's hard drive mounted, now its time to change root to that drive (this essentially will convert the commands you type next to apply towards your install, not the live boot)

First, open a terminal, using the search is easy enough
Then figure out where your drive is mounted, it will most likely be under /media/ubuntu/
cd /media/ubuntu/[your drive here]
sudo chroot .
You now have chrooted into your local install

Change your password

sudo passwd sara

You should now have your password set and you can reboot your computer without the live CD/USB drive and be able to login with the recently set password.


You can

rm -r ~/.config/desktop-couch/
rm -r ~/.local/share/desktop-couch/
rm -r ~/.cache/desktop-couch/

and things should start working again.


How to remove sickbeard when installed via git

Git clone does not install the software on your system. It only downloads the source code to your computer. Then you probably had to enter the directory (~/.sickbeard) where you downloaded the source, and then you issued ./configure and make and sudo make install commands in the terminal, to compile and install the program.

Likewise, in terminal, if you navigate to the same source folder (cd ~/.sickbeard) and issue a make uninstall it should uninstall the program for you. Then you can issue a cd command, and then sudo rm -r ~/.sickbeard to completely delete the source code.


CD permission denied after changing directory permissions

It being 644 shouldn't be a problem but you could try to change the owner of the folder with chown.

chown deploy /etc/uwsgi/sites/

Did that help you?


Use integrated graphics instead of video card

Try out the inxi utility. Simply run inxi -xsGI and you'll get some very detailed stats. An alternative is to use glxinfo | grep OpenGL to determine the active graphics driver.

I've had issues on Ubuntu with the R9 390 model specifically. Make sure you're using the latest open source drivers from the Padoka PPA, and a recent version of linux-firmware. PPA usage is a hard requirement for proper graphics support on Ubuntu.


Press e when booting and type radeon.nomodeset=0.

I suppose this will help you boot.


At this page https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Compiz_Configuration

You will know about this file:
~/.config/compiz-1/compizconfig/Default.ini

Also you will have to opt for the "Flat-file configuration backend" for the below to work.

So, to FORCE your settings you can do this:
First of all: backup your ~/.config/compiz-1/compizconfig/Default.ini
Now, simply put ccsm at startup applications, it will ensure applying Default.ini configurations, as otherwise that file may still be ignored.

If that still doesnt work, you can try this also:
Open your ccsm, go in Preferences/Profile/Export, so you can save your preferences.
Now, copy your preferences to ~/.config/compiz-1/compizconfig/.
Still there, backup the Default.ini file.
Now rename your preferences file to Default.ini.

My changes finally persisted after boot!


Yahya's solution worked. But with one extra step.
I went to BIOS, set touchpad to basic.

At first it did not work but when I activated
the toucpad using FN+F7, it started to work.


How to verify a downloaded file, given the hashes and a .gpg file

Verfication is not necessarily the most straightforward process, depending on how foolproof or paranoid (to use the vernacular) you want to be.

When you download an ISO you will generally also be offered a hash to verify the download against.

If not, on the Ubuntu download page, there is a direct link; access the parent folder: http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04.2/

The SHA-256 sum files are there, with the signatures to verify the sum lists

Step 1

gpg2 --verify SHA256SUMS.gpg SHA256SUMS

this will return some output

gpg: Signature made Fri 17 Feb 2017 00:04:27 GMT using DSA key ID FBB75451
gpg: Can't check signature: No public key
gpg: Signature made Fri 17 Feb 2017 00:04:27 GMT using RSA key ID EFE21092

The key fingerprints are at the end; you now need to import them from a keyserver

Step 2

Import keys from keyserver

gpg2 --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys FBB75451 EFE21092

which will confirm what you want to know:

gpg: key EFE21092: public key "Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key (2012) <cdimage@ubuntu.com>" imported
gpg: key FBB75451: public key "Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key <cdimage@ubuntu.com>" imported
gpg: marginals needed: 3  completes needed: 1  trust model: PGP
gpg: depth: 0  valid:   1  signed:   0  trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u
gpg: Total number processed: 2
gpg:               imported: 2

Step 3

You can now re-run the verification command

gpg2 --verify SHA256SUMS.gpg SHA256SUMS

You will get warnings about trusted signatures if you have never expanded a web of trust before. If you trust the fingerprints received from the keyserver, this is fine. If you are looking to go the extra mile, you can ask someone with an extended web of trust to verify for you; look into Key Signing Events and gpg web of trust for more info.

Step 4

Once you have downloaded the ISO you want, run the checksum tool against it:

sha256sum your_distro.iso

Check that the sum matches the one from the site, or in the or SHA256SUM file (which will just be a text file with the checksums inside it).

Concerns from the reddit link

For the concerns regarding ISO sites not using HTTPS: the server is a known server, and the content is known content. Encrypting this is unnecessary, HTTPS is better suited for communication secrecy and on-the-wire data integrity.

If the files are compromised say on the server hard drives we need something else: so we are verifying authenticity and integrity of the resting data using the signatures.

For the concerns about the keys and fingerprints themselves, first a disclaimer: the following expounds on what is generally understood, with caveats of course. This is not professional security advice, but more a topical discourse.

The only thing you will indeed need to be sure of is that you trust the keys received from the keyserver, and this is where the web of trust comes in.

If a friend or colleague of yours has already established a chain of trust that can verify the fingerprints, and you trust that person, then you can trust the fingerprint.

A poor-man's way to be sure is to check different and various web sites and forums to see that the fingerprints you have match what has been seen and found via other websites.

If an attacker had indeed replaced the Ubuntu ISOs with fakes and substituted forged signature files, and managed to switch the keys on the keyserver, you can still be sure that

the keys will not match those in another person's imported keys (so long as they have the non-compromised keys) (web of trust scenario)
any keys documented in forums across the net (as in the scenario above, where I pasted what I have) are unlikely to also have been switched (unless all sites were hacked, or the keys were switched long before anyone started documenting them in forums and stackexchange debug outputs, for example)

If you want to find out more, reading up on the "lessons learnt" from the fallout from the Linux Mint website hack should provide a good background on this very issue.

And yes, the process of verifying an ISO should be much easier, I'll grant you that.


sudo apt-add-repository ppa:paulo-miguel-dias/pkppa

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

sudo reboot

works for me!!!


KCron & Cron

KDE UserBase KCron: https://userbase.kde.org/KCron

  KCron is a tool for running applications in the background at regular
  intervals. It's a graphical interface to the Cron command.

Ubuntu Community Cron HowTo: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CronHowto

  GUI Applications

  It is possible to run gui applications via cronjobs. This can be done
  by telling cron which display to use.

  00 06 * * * env DISPLAY=:0 gui_appname

  The env DISPLAY=:0 portion will tell cron to use the current display
  (desktop) for the program "gui_appname".

man xdotool

KEYBOARD COMMANDS
       key [options] keystroke [keystroke ...]
           Options:

           --window window
               Send keystrokes to a specific window id. You can use "WINDOW STACK" references like "%1" and "%@"
               here. If there is a window stack, then "%1" is the default, otherwise the current window is used.

It needs a window.

More of the KCron and Cron:

Reasons why crontab does not work: Reasons why crontab does not work
Cron Task Schedular: https://www.kubuntuforums.net/showthread.php?64502-Cron-Task-Schedular
CRON Issue: https://www.kubuntuforums.net/showthread.php?64386-CRON-Issue


dpkg-shlibdeps: error: couldn't find library needed by .so while packaging a package dependent on my another package

The problem reside the base package. It does install the shared object in a wrong path

/usr/lib/x86_64/

where it should be in

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/

Following from your previous question, you have made some changes to CMakeLists.txt to install library not in /usr/lib/ using:

include(TargetArch.cmake)
target_architecture(arch)
...
install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME} DESTINATION lib/${arch})
...
install(FILES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.pc"
    DESTINATION lib/${arch}/pkgconfig
    RENAME "lib${PROJECT_NAME}.pc")

The new variable ${arch} is replaced x86_64.
I could find a Debian manual explains the move to MultiArch for cmake projects.

A new GNUInstallDirs module was added to cmake v3.3.

Include the new module for MultiArch paths support

include(GNUInstallDirs)

Then use CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR (/usr/lib/<triplet>) variable instead.

Just small note about base package naming to follow Debian policy the binary file don't contain executable files. Hence, better to name them with lib prefix, libbase1 & libbase-dev.


How to open *.htm differently than *.html?

As established in comments to the OP, the text/html MIME type is defined in /usr/share/mime/packages/freedesktop.org.xml.  This can be overridden by a user by placing a new definition of text/html in the local MIME folder ~/.local/share/mime/packages.

This MIME type may be applied to the two target file extensions because of these lines of XML in the file above:

  <mime-type type="text/html">
    ...
    <glob pattern="*.html"/>
    <glob pattern="*.htm"/>
  </mime-type>

So I've been able to split the two MIME types according to extension by creating a file ~/.local/share/mime/packages/html-split.xml looking like this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<mime-info xmlns="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info">
  <mime-type type="text/html">
    <comment>HTML document</comment>
    ... INCLUDING EVERYTHING UP UNTIL <glob> FROM THE OLD DEFINITION ...
    <glob pattern="*.html"/>
  </mime-type>
  <mime-type type="application/x-html-notepad">
    <sub-class-of type="text/html"/>
    <comment>HTML Notepad</comment>
    <glob pattern="*.htm"/>
  </mime-type>
</mime-info>

What I've NOT tested: how pattern matches in the <magic> section remaining in the XML definition for text/html might prevent MIME type application/x-html-notepad from being applied to an *.htm file.  So comments about the <magic> tag, especially its priority= attribute, will be welcome here.