how to get justgetflux working in ubuntu 14.04

Redshift

Redshift is a alternative to justgetflux. It also change desktop according to the climate.

sudo apt-get install redshift


Sure, it's possible

Replace <your_user_name> with your user name and NewFolder with a name of your choice.

Create a new mount point, eg:

mkdir ~/NewFolder

and mount

sudo mount /dev/sda7 $HOME/NewFolder

If it works then change the entry in your fstab:

sudo nano /etc/fstab

from this

UUID=efd23971-f61a-41f3-bd28-bbdf76c74673 /NewFolder         ext4    defaults        0       2

to this

UUID=efd23971-f61a-41f3-bd28-bbdf76c74673 /home/<your_user_name>/NewFolder            ext4    defaults        0       2

You can check the UUID with this command

sudo blkid /dev/sda7

Sample output:

/dev/sda7: UUID="d94f4097-91aa-4e96-89b2-7877065d0650" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="00096da5-01"


ifconfig will tell you the IP of the server.

If the server is running on a machine that can be accessed from the internet then it is quite possible that it is visible to the internet.

If the IP is not inside one of these ranges then it is a public IP and a firewall will be needed to block incoming connections. If the IP is outside of these ranges you can try opening a broswer and going to that IP.

    10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
    172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
    192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255

If the IP of the server is in one of these ranges it ultimately depends on your network setup, if incoming connections are allowed at the router, if there is port forwarding etc.

While working on figuring this out, DO NOT  post IP of this server anywhere on any question forum if it is outside of the ranges listed above.


Use Linux embedded script utility. For example, to capture everything from terminal to file capture.log in the current directory (get it with pwd), do:

script capture.log

To stop capturing just type exit or press CTRL+D.
More information on script and its options:

man script

Remark. Script utility output files contain raw control characters, thus to read it use less with -r and -R options, i.e.

less -rR capture.log

To clean output files from raw control characters use the command:

cat capture.log | perl -pe 's/\e([^\[\]]|\[.*?[a-zA-Z]|\].*?\a)//g' | col -b > capture-clean.log

The last command removes raw control chars from capture.log file and creates plain text file capture-clean.log.

Additionally read How to clean up output of linux 'script' command.


Dim desktop, bring focus to active window

kwin
The closest window manager that has a similar ability to compiz & dim-inactive is kde's kwin.
A couple of screen-shots will help here - both showing kwin running in xubuntu:
kwin running without dim effect

kwin running with dim effect

how-to
If disk-space is not an issue for you (150Mb+ install) then kwin can be installed as per this Q&A:

How do I install kwin?

To run kwin use the following:
nohup kwin --replace &

Launch the KDE Control Module as per:

How to launch Configure Kde control module by command line?

Then enable and configure Dim Inactive effect:

tip if you don't like the "glow" effect then turn it off in window decorations - Configure Decoration - Shadows and untick the active window glow check-box.


Ubuntu 16.04 - How do I extend my monitor? Non-mirrored mode stretches display across additional monitor

NOTE: I'm fairly certain even though I can't quite remember that the nvidia 1000 series isn't yet supported unless you have specific kernel version. I had a login loop issue that led me to a thread that addressed this issue and many others that may have been related. Most of this issues have been fixed in later revisions of the linux kernel.

Source: https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-Features-From-2016

NOTE: Related graphics issues to nvidia

Best of luck.
Source: Graphics issues after/while installing Ubuntu 16.04/16.10 with NVIDIA graphics


I don't have an Ubuntu system on my hands, but I believe its started by xinetd:
Edit /etc/xinetd.d/rsh and set disable=yes.

You need to restart the xinetd service once you're done.


Does apt 1.0 supports search patterns like aptitude?


Ubuntu asks me for a serial number when trying to install?

Actually, I have never seen such before. Ubuntu Operating System is 100% free.

I think this installer you're using is probably not Ubuntu OS or at least is a customized version made by someone else.

To cut the long story short, I will recommend you download Ubuntu form here and install.


How can I tell what processes are running at shutdown?

Are you able to run top in one terminal while executing shutdown in another? That may give you an idea of what are the last processes to terminate.


I have tried hard to work this TV-tuner with Ubuntu but with no luck.As working with a unsupported hardware in Linux is very difficult.So to use this TV-tuner you should have dual boot with Windows.But if I ever found a work-around I'll let you know.


You can try Inkscape .

It is built for vector graphics. If you need an animation tool, you can use Synfig-studio .

GIMP can do vector graphics, but it is designed for (and should be used for) raster.


Go to the General Options plugin options, there's a delay setting for the edge triggering (Edge Trigger Delay):


Package Updater could not get list of distribution upgrade

A bug has been already reported in the official site

It has been officially confirmed, so you can follow the link and wait there for there solutions.


Can I disconnect an ejected drive even if it is still spinning?

Yes, after you eject a drive it is safe to disconnect the USB cable and/or cut the power (if the drive uses a power adapter). If you unmount it, just make sure that if it has multiple partitions, all if them are unmounted.

Ejecting or unmounting an external hard drive does not always make it spin down or power down; that behavior is up to the controller inside the hard disk which interfaces between USB and SATA. Ejecting simply tells the drive to finish any pending read/write operations and then ceases all communication.


dconf system-db keys not applying (Ubuntu 20.04 - Gnome Shell 3.36.1)

I believe that I have found the issue for anyone who might come to the same problem as I did.

If umask is set for strict permissions on file creation (mine was set for rw------- on new files) than dconf update will write a unreadable binary and the users will be unable to read the dconf keys within the db.

I have set my scripts to chmod 644 on all the files in my /etc/dconf/db and this has resolved the issue.

Hope this helps.


I was able to fix the issue. I went into my fstab which honestly I hadnt touched in at least a week, and deleted my USB drive from it.

I then booted into ubuntu advanced options and ran the fscheck and the dpkg options, and then it booted fine!

I remapped my drive in fstab and noticed that "Videos" was Capitolized this time, when it was lowercase before...that's the only difference that I could see but it seemed to work!

Phew!


Try something like this:

gcc -o test test.c -Wall -lavformat -lavcodec -lswresample -lswscale -lavutil -lm


You can try to use an AppImage of WireShark, as it should come with all the dependencies inside.

The creator of the AppImage format provides an up-to-date build here: https://bintray.com/probono/AppImages/Wireshark


How do I autostart and use openvpn cli on Ubuntu 16.04 after suspend / resume?

I found out that there is already an openvpn startup script that scans for .conf files (you can just change the extension from .ovpn to .conf). For restarting openvpn after waking up my computer, though, I was able to create a systemd service that works on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS.

Name the file openvpn-reconnect.service and put the following inside:

[Unit]
Description=Restart OpenVPN after suspend
After=suspend.target
After=hibernate.target
After=hybrid-sleep.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/bin/systemctl restart openvpn.service

[Install]
WantedBy=suspend.target
WantedBy=hibernate.target
WantedBy=hybrid-sleep.target

I recommend first making sure that only your VPN's dns servers are used by default. Disable the bugged out and totally pointless dnsmasq local dns server thing ubuntu uses that mucks with dns resolution (see article here: disabling-dnsmasq-as-your-local-dns-server-in-ubuntu) by commenting out (adding a #) to the beginning of the line dns=dnsmasq while editing the network manager config file like so:

sudo emacs /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

Then, after saving the file, click on the GUI network manager applet, select "Edit Connections", select the primary (non-VPN) network you use, click on the "IPv6 Settings" tab, ignore IPv6 traffic by clicking on the "IPv6 Settings" tab and selecting Ignore" in the "Method" menu. Save your changes, then restart the network manager with

sudo service network-manager restart

Now to get ovpn working through the command line:

Create an auth.txt file containing:

<username>
<password>

For example, a sample auth.txt could contain two lines like so:

user1234
password1234

Edit .ovpn (or .conf) files to use auth.txt for automated login:
find line containing auth-user-pass and append auth.txt to the end like so:

...
auth-user-pass auth.txt
...

If your file contains the option auth-nocache, delete that line. auth-user-pass and auth-nocache are NOT compatible! The openvpn man pages explicitly say

Further,  using --daemon together with --auth-user-pass (entered
          on console) and --auth-nocache will fail as soon as key renego‐
          tiation (and reauthentication) occurs.

This jargon essentially means that openvpn will die spontaneously while you are browsing or streaming or whatever if you include the auth-nocache line in your config file.

Rename .ovpn files to .conf files:

mv <filename>.ovpn <filename>.conf

Place necessary .conf, .pem, and .crt files in a directory
Copy contents of directory to /etc/openvpn:

sudo cp <path-to-auth-crt-pem-and-conf-files>/* /etc/openvpn

Specify which connection should autostart when openvpn is started by
editing /etc/default/openvpn (the configuration file for /etc/init.d/openvpn)

sudo emacs /etc/default/openvpn

Add names of .conf files minus extension below #AUTOSTART="all"
for example, if I have two .conf files called US-East and US-East-Strong,

#AUTOSTART="all"
#AUTOSTART="US-East"
#AUTOSTART="US-East-Strong"

Uncomment (remove # sign) from AUTOSTART directive of single connection
you want active. Every time you change which connection to autostart, run:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl stop openvpn*
sudo systemctl start openvpn.service

To make openvpn reconnect after suspend, use openvpn-reconnect.service

Put service file where systemd can find it:

sudo cp openvpn-reconnect.service /lib/systemd/system

Enable and create symlinks using:

sudo systemctl enable openvpn-reconnect.service

To check status of openvpn connection, use:

systemctl status openvpn@<conf-filename-minus-extension>.service

for example, if my conf file is called US-East.conf:

systemctl status openvpn@US-East.service

if scrollable, type q to exit to shell.


What is the name of the the live-CD installer?

The name of the installer is ubiquity. Try checking the md5 sum of the iso.

sudo ubiquity

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToMD5SUM


Not able to install anything with sudo apt-get

This more looks like a Network failure.

If Everything sounds fine, you may try installing offline Installing Java Offline

Also Try

sudo apt-get purge

to clean configuration

sudo apt-get update

should list you any Packages built half the way.


Try removing (or changin) the appropriate entry(s) in the ~/.config/xfce4/xfconf/xfce-perchannel-xml/xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts.xml file.


Attempting to install ubuntu, and it gets stuck

It's not your partitions. I have five and Ubuntu installed. This happened to me too on the 2nd computer I installed Ubuntu on. The answer is based on personal experience, so it may be inaccurate. I'm assuming you're installing the desktop environment, so try these:

Right click "Details" in the installation window. Leave it for a minute, see if anything comes up. If it's doing stuff, leave it for awhile. It took about an hour for Ubuntu to format /dev/sda1 with ext4 for me.
Doing nothing? Take disk out, turn computer off, put disk back in, turn on. Shouldn't restart installation, at least it didn't for me.


Error when using sudo apt-get update in line 54 of the list

Sudo is working fine, you my guess is you edited /etc/apt/sources.list and have a typo.

Open an editor an comment out line 54

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Find line 54 and remove it

See also How to show line numbering in nano when opening a file for information on how to show and go to specific lines with nano.

If you need help, post the contents of the file, better line 54.


vidia, laptop, try install nvidia driver, xorg no device found

You need to make sure the driver is available. Follow this guide.


This is an issue which has affected many users and is
reported as a bug at Launchpad.

There appears to be a conflict between different versions of libEGL.

To get rid of these warning, create the following symlinks (but first read the warning bellow):

sudo mv /usr/lib/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.1 /usr/lib/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.1.org
sudo mv /usr/lib32/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.1 /usr/lib32/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.1.org
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.375.39 /usr/lib/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.1
sudo ln -s /usr/lib32/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.375.39 /usr/lib32/nvidia-375/libEGL.so.1

Warning: There is no need to change your system. If after reboot you can not start the graphical interface you can solve by:
1. Login into a terminal;
2. Run sudo dpkg-reconfigure nvidia*


Epson perfection v30 scanner installation problem

Try to run the scanner with the application Simple Scan

If not works, install follows:

sudo apt-get install netcat-openbsd netcat-traditional

Then try to run Simple Scan.


Strange Characters in LibreOffice Writer when creating a new document

This looks like a corrupt default template.

If you're creating them from the file manager (nautilus or whatever replacement you use), then check the templates in ~/Templates.

If you're creating them from within LibreOffice itself (through File > New) then try creating a fresh document (i.e. remove all the mojibake you have there) and then save your new blank file as a template and set it to be the new default, as per https://help.libreoffice.org/Writer/Changing_the_Default_Template

Edit — Updating from new information in comment:

If you create a new "Empty Document" through nautilus, it will create a single-byte file with whatever name you give it. Some file formats can work well with a zero-byte file, in particular text files (still the most common form of file in Linux).

LibreOffice does not. It will do a valiant job at trying to interpret that nothingness as a valid writer file, but the result will be pretty much as it is in the question.

To create LibreOffice files directly from nautilus or another file manager, you need to tell that file manager what a "new" LibreOffice file looks like.

Open LibreOffice, and start a new document.
(Optional) Edit the fonts, etc. to be how you must often like them to be when you start a new document.
Save it in ~/Templates (that is, the Templates directory in your home directory) called something like "New LibreOffice Writer Document".

Now when you right click in Nautilus you have the added option New > Document > New LibreOffice Writer Document.

You can also customise further. E.g. you can set it up to offer choices of "New Plain LibreOffice Writer Document", "New Letter", "New Manuscript Format Document", "New [your business name] Document" (with letterhead, etc.) or whatever types of documents you yourself most often create.


How do I check virtualbox version from CLI

To print or view the current VirtualBox version you should use below command:

vboxmanage --version

which will then print the current version as seen below;

Refer 8.2. Command overview at the official VirtualBox site for more.

To print the version using the script, see below:

#!/bin/bash
echo $(vboxmanage --version)

Hope it helps.


How do I get back the Unity login screen after installing gnome-core?

You should be able to do sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm to switch between LightDM and GDM. So you'll reconfigure GDM even if it's LightDM you want to use.


NVIDIA driver is not detected in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

I just had a similar situation with Nvidia driver not being recognized. Thanks to an answer to a similar complaint I did the following procedure to fresh install the Nvidia drivers:
sudo apt-get install nvidia-driver-440

Due to the number of recent posts and from my own experience, it looks like a recent update somehow deleted the Nvidia library and opened up a can of graphics woes for many of us with Nvidia adapters.


Ubuntu 18.04: Authentication Error on loging after lock

The gnome reconfigure command did not work for me.

What did work was changing fs.inotify.max_user_watches.  I used this solution: https://askbot.fedoraproject.org/en/question/115963/gnome-authentication-error-when-logging-in-after-lock/


Keyboard shortcut to lock screen & turn off monitor

It might work if you did it like this in the keyboard shortcut settings::

bash -c "cinnamon-screensaver-command -l; xset dpms force off;"


OK, I still don't know what is the reason for the strange behavior of Ubuntu installer, but I solved the problem by installing Gentoo on the partition.

After that the installation of ubuntu (on gentoo partition) went as it should (exactly as it is described in a manual)


Why is my AMD Quad 645 CPU running at 800MHz per core on Ubuntu 12.04

In fact, this happens to many users using latest AMD CPUs and Ubuntu.
Modern CPUs try to consume less power when the full performance capability is not required. Ubuntu ships some drivers which can handle this ability and rise the performance if necessary.

Have a look at this forum thread if you want to know some details:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1505495


How to change default location of Thunderbird cache directory?

Did you try adding the option yourself?

After you open the config editor (Edit --> Preferences --> Advanced--> Make sure you are in the General tab --> Config Editor), right click inside the new window.

In the context menu, choose New to open a submenu and click on String.

You will be asked to enter the preference name, put in browser.cache.disk.parent_directory and click Ok. Next you will be asked to enter the value, which is the path you wish to use to store the cache.

It will create a directory called Cache inside the path you provide in the option, where it will store the cache files.

P.S. It is browser.cache.disk.parent_directory and not browser.cache.parent_directory


The time on the clock is wrong ubuntu 14.04

Check this for details about setting up NTP synchronization.

UbuntuTime

From the above page:

Command Line ntpdate

Ubuntu comes with ntpdate as standard, and will run it once at boot time to set up your time according to Ubuntu's NTP server. However, a system's clock is likely to drift considerably between reboots if the time between reboots is long. In that case it makes sense to correct the time occasionally. The easiest way to do this is to get cron to run it every day. With your favorite editor, create (needs sudo) a file /etc/cron.daily/ntpdate containing:

#!/bin/sh
ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com

Make sure that you make this new file executable:

sudo chmod 755 /etc/cron.daily/ntpdate


Is there a lens with scale effect and workspaces switcher?

No, there's no such thing, and that wouldn't be possible the way lenses work now.

I also don't really see why you would want to run it inside a lens. Think it would be better to simply add scale and workspace switcher to the corners and use them as they are, or use buttons on the launcher or something. That should be possible now, though you'd have to use less user friendly tools to configure it.


meld shows output in unreadable alphabet (Japanese/Chinese?)

Same problem here: File encoding is not correctly detected.

In my case this is due to meld's "detect-encodings" settings.

Check with:

$ gsettings get org.gnome.meld detect-encodings
['utf8']

Only utf8 is detected.

To workaround this issue add 'latin1' or whatever encoding your file has:

$ gsettings set org.gnome.meld detect-encodings "['utf8','latin1']"


I am using ubuntu14.04. I have installed numpy in python3, but it is not in python2.7.

I have solved the issue. This problem was caused by my earlier installation of another software, which is called PSI4. PSI4 is a quantum chemistry software, which was built in a way that it also includes python2.7.10. Therefore, after the installation, when I typed the command "python", something as below will show up:

cpjwong@cpjwong-OptiPlex-9020:~$ python
Python 2.7.10 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Sep 15 2015, 14:50:01)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-1)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics.
Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://anaconda.org
>>>

You can see the company name "Continuum Analytics, Inc.", which implies that the pre-installed python2.7 in ubuntu 14.04 has been overwritten. The numpy for this version of python can be installed by firstly downloading numpy-1.7.0.tar.gz and then run the following command:

tar xvzf numpy-1.7.0.tar.gz
cd numpy-1.7.0/
python setup.py build
python setup.py install
cd ..

Then, you can check whether numpy is properly installed by typing the following command:

cpjwong@cpjwong-OptiPlex-9020:~$ python
Python 2.7.10 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Sep 15 2015, 14:50:01)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-1)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics.
Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://anaconda.org
>>> import numpy
>>>


If you want to clone your computer you can use systemback to make an iso. Just type this into the terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nemh/systemback
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install systemback

Once you have systemback click on live system create and it will make an iso for you.

But if you want to get a fresh copy of ubuntu you can download an iso here: https://www.ubuntu.com/download
Since you mentioned that you already are running ubuntu use startup disk creator to make a live usb or dvd. Just search it in dash(top left corner button) and follow the instructions that it gives.


System boots directly to Windows 8 with no GRUB bootloader

This is same case of mine. So I guess you have hp laptop. If this is the case then open you BIOS menu by pressing F10 at startup. Then go to boot options or might be system configuration. There you can see boot options
Then press Enter. There will appear two option.

  Widows Boot Manager (llike similar)
  Ubuntu

After that this will appear

Well I missed a thing. Here in Uefi boot order there is OSBoot manager. Press Enter.
Then press f5 or f6 that will change the preferences. Here I have Windows as my first preference. You should place windows option at second place by pressing f5 or f6.
Then press f10 for save and exit.
Hope that helps


Why isn't the dist-upgrade showing up in update-manager?

Canonical will not start notify LTS desktop users of an update until
  July, when the first point release (14.04.1) is set to go live

source: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/upgrade-ubuntu-14-04-12-04

so the new version 14.04 LTS  is not set yet in  http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts

I couldn't find out why

gksu update-manager -d

didn't work, but I created an updated version of the meta-release File.

Try updating your /etc/update-manager/meta-release with this Link:

# default location for the meta-release file

[METARELEASE]
URI = http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release
#URI_LTS = http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts
URI_LTS = https://gist.githubusercontent.com/rubo77/11079798/raw/64967886425a0f9f172a3834ddaff34a2a75987d/gistfile1.txt
URI_UNSTABLE_POSTFIX = -development
URI_PROPOSED_POSTFIX = -proposed

NOTE: You have to change that back, When the upgrade is done, otherwise there will never be suggested the next update!


AVConv loop issue with output file names

Use basename command to remove extension from file name, notice special quotation marks

`$(basename $i .avi).mp4`

instead of

"$i.mp4"

dirname may help to extract path to folder containing input file. (man dirname for help)


you should look up how to reset OS to factory settings with your laptop's model on youtube because every laptop is different!
if it didn't work try enabling that option in the bios options and if you are completely missing just reply to me with your model number :)
EDIT: you can create a bootable iso image from your USB using UNetbootin
you can install it on Ubuntu using the following command
sudo apt-get install unetbootin

and launch it by typing "unetbootin" in the terminal without quotes
when done follow the next steps :

select disk image when you launch UNetbootin

click the square and go to the folder where you have the iso and select it

connect your USB (WARNING:it will format your flash drive backup any important data ) then select your flash drive in the "Drive:" section

hit OK and wait


ONIXEDIT now offers a new service called ONIXEDIT Cloud. With this web application, you can manage your ONIX metadata with any browser and from any platform. You can also give it a try with a free 10 days trial.


What is the equivalent of ifconfig interface ip_address for ip command?

ip addr change ... is what you are looking for.

do ip addr help to see details

Edit: For future readers - this is wrong answer, see comments.


What compositor does Ubuntu 20.10 use by default

@muru answered my question - the compositor is mutter. Looks like I was going down the wrong path with the Gnome desktop anyway. Looks like I need to use MATE or Xfce in order to use a custom compositor.


How to customize terminal's commands output?

I preserve previous answer for myself, and add one more depending on our discussion.
This is not perfect solution, but I think we can improve it together:
#!/bin/bash

new_line(){
    echo -e "";
}

n=0  # line counter
H=$(stty size | cut -d" " -f1)  # this is height of current terminal
# uncomment next line if you want to add empty line after (height - 1) lines
# H=$((H - 1))
new_line
eval $@ |
while IFS= read -r line
do
    echo $line;
    n=$(($n+1));
    if !((n % H)); then # every H lines it is true
        new_line
    fi;
done
new_line

Create this script with any name, in my case it is test.sh, make it executable.
Now run this script and path command that you want as arguments
$ ./test.sh sudo apt-get update

Update
Final version of script that worked for OP, but not work for me:
#!/bin/bash
eval $@ |
  while IFS= read -r line
  do
    echo $line
  done


exFAT micro SD not detected Ubuntu 18.04.1

I have had  the same or similar issue: that the SD-card was not detected.

Side note: The "Unassigned class [00ff]" seems to be part of the name of the device. This article has the same report from the lspci and the driver/device is reported as working.

The card had been detected earlier (during the same session), but after being removed (once or twice) it was not detected anymore.  After a reboot it was detected again, but after a few mounts and unmounts, it did not respond anymore.

After scanning the /sys/ folder I found that several uevent files for mmc devices only had write-access, and that was only for the root user.  (Scan command: find /sys -iname \*mmc\* | sed 's#$#/uevent#' | xargs ls -l)  The other had read-access for all.  So I gave all the mmc uevent files the same access:

find /sys -iname \*mmc\* | sed s#$#/uevent# | xargs sudo chmod a+r

After this the SD card is detected all the time but it seems that I have to do lspci or a file browser to help the drivers enumerating/removing the partitions.

I have not found any way for automatic enumeration yet.

EDIT: It now works for me.  I have no idea what caused it to work now.  Below I have written what I did.
NOTE 1: My normal working environment is Unity with lightdm (gdm is removed).
NOTE 2: I cannot remember if I did reboot my machine between my first version of this answer and the reboots described below.  Not I guess.
NOTE 3: This did not work before the reboots described below.

I rebooted into a Live Ubuntu 18.04 (USB stick).  I entered the SD card and it worked.
(I also rebooted into the BIOS to turn on the network which I believe was turned off before doing the reboot and therefore was not detected after reboot. I cannot remember that I touched any SD card or related settings.)
I rebooted into Ubuntu with XWayland, lightdm and Gnome Shell. It worked right away.
I rebooted into Ubuntu with Xorg, lightdm and Gnome Shell.  Once again it worked right away.
I rebooted into Ubuntu with Xorg, lightdm and Unity.  It still worked right away.

Possible indirect or direct causes that made it work.
 * Most certainly the adding of read access did influence this.
 * Maybe some other unknown changes
 * The reboot
 * And possibly running the Live installation.
My guess is that the first and the third point are the important ones.


Find the total CPU usage on Ubuntu server version 20.10 without installing additional tools

The top utility is an excellent option because it is available even on small Linux installations. You can even get rid of the math you mention.
While top is running, you can toggle SUMMARY AREA  options:

Pressing t will let you switch between 4 modes. The second option will show your CPU load in the following format:
abbreviated user/system and total % + bar graph

The third number is the one that interests you.

I also like to use an additional toggle:

Pressing 1 will let you see the utilization of every single core.

Note: While you can run top -1, I have not found out in man pages how to run top -t. Therefore I use the t toggle once top is running.


Move unallocated space so it can be assigned to an existing partition

An extended partition is locked whenever any logical partition within it is mounted. In a live session, swap gets automatically enabled, so the swap partition (in this case sda6) will be mounted. Hence sda6 and consequently sda4 become locked. To unlock an extended partition, you have to unmount the logical partitions within it by right clicking them and choosing Unmount (or Swapoff in the case of swap partitions).


Ubuntu 12.04 32bit System Fails Memory Testing

The Meminfo total: 3097452 kB shows how much RAM your OS can access. So it is 3GB, as you say you have that much memory in your system, so it is fine.

The DMI total: 4096000 kB comes from your BIOS and shows how much memory is installed according to the BIOS.

The Accuracy: 75.00 Memory totals not close enough is just what you thought, the ratio of the two above: Meminfo_total/DMI_total. (rounded down to 2 decimal places)

So this test is for testing if your OS is correctly detecting an using all your available RAM. If the Accuracy is above 90% then the test PASSes, if it is under it FAILs.

You may ask the question: Why is it passing when it is above 90%, shouldn't this test only pass if the accuracy is exactly 100%? Since that would mean that the OS has access to all the installed memory, under 100% means there is a problem.

The answer is that there is a safe situation when the OS doesn't has access to all the installed memory: When you have an integrated device which uses shared memory and the BIOS reserves some memory for this device from the installed RAM. This is usually an integrated VGA card. So if you have an integrated VGA, it is usually perfectly normal that the accuracy is below 100%, so the test passes even with only 90%. Some minimal RAM is also reserved for some BIOS stuff but those are a negligible amount.

You could argue though that 90% is just an arbitrary number, why not 85% or 80%? Yes, it is arbitrary, and I don't know why was exactly 90% chosen for this test.

You can view the source code of this test in /usr/share/checkbox/scripts/memory_compare, it is a simple bash script on 12.04, on later releases it is a python script. You can also run it from there with sudo /usr/share/checkbox/scripts/memory_compare

Now it is clear that you have no problems with your RAM, since you installed 3GB and all is available. So why is this test reporting that you have 4GB installed memory?

Two situations possible:

Your BIOS has a bug and shows incorrect data. This is less likely.
The test has a bug when it decodes the BIOS data. This is more likely, like in this bugreport: https://bugs.launchpad.net/checkbox/+bug/960087

So to test the second case run sudo dmidecode -t 17, this is how the test gains access to the BIOS data about RAM. Observe the output if it contains only RAM modules. If it outputs other devices, like in the above linked bugreport, and that device has a Size property, then this test will add the size of that device too to the RAM, and the DMI total output will show more RAM than it is available.

This bug was corrected in the later releases, from 12.10. But in 12.04 we have the old bash script with the bug. And the output you wrote in your comment is from this old bash version of the script.


Adobe AIR popup error when trying to run League of Legends

According to the Wine AppDB, LoL throws a few errors but does eventually run with minimal problems. Try just clicking through the errors. (take screenshots for reference in case it doesn't work)


Unable to correctly install pip3 using apt-get

After uninstalling pip3 using

sudo apt-get remove python3-pip

I deleted the directory

$HOME/.local/lib/python3.5/site-pacakges

and reinstalled pip3 using apt-get

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

This appears to have resolved the issue. I no longer receive the aforementioned error when attempting to use pip3 or sudo pip3. Rather, pip3 -V, sudo pip3 -V, and sudo -H pip3 -V all identically and sucessfully return

pip 8.1.1 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (python 3.5)


scp command returned `no such file or directory` error

You seem to run the scp command from the Server, but you must issue it from your Laptop:

roberto@roberto-VirtualBox:~$ scp /home/roberto/Metagenoma_MEL_COLS/Mix-MEL_S10_L002_R1_001.fastq.tar.gz roberto@xxxx.xxx.xxx.es:/media/disk7/roberto/

instead of

roberto@xxxxx1:~$ scp /home/roberto/Metagenoma_MEL_COLS/Mix-MEL_S10_L002_R1_001.fastq.tar.gz roberto@xxxx.xxx.xxx.es:/media/disk7/roberto/

From the Server you could run the following, but a firewall/router might prevent that.

roberto@xxxxx1:~$ scp roberto@roberto-VirtualBox:/home/roberto/Metagenoma_MEL_COLS/Mix-MEL_S10_L002_R1_001.fastq.tar.gz /media/disk7/roberto/


This can be done in at least two manners.

First, assuming that you built and installed your VM on at least one computer, your can Export you VM as an appliance from the first computer, and Import VM from appliance on as many target machine as you wish.  This would be quick and painless.

Or

You can create a custom installation ISO, as detained in How to customize the Ubuntu Live CD?

There are undoubtably other methods to do this function.  There are nine answers at this link: https://superuser.com/questions/633431/whats-the-recommended-way-to-move-a-virtualbox-vm-to-another-computer


Working with cronjobs, bashscripts to automate MySQL backups

There is not really a need for a bash script.
First, work out what backup command would work for you. In principle, you could do something as easy as:

mysqldump > /path/to/mysqldump.sql 2>/path/to/mysqldump.err

This will write the contents of all the data bases to a file called mysqldump.sql. The form of this is such that, if you need to restore the data base after a disaster, all you need to do is mysql < /path/to/mysqldump.sql. Moreover, mysqldump preserves database integrity, i.e. it will produce a consistent copy of the database even if a transaction was going on at the time of the dump. If there is an error, it will be written to mysqldump.err.

You may need to investigate parameters such as -u, --login-path=local and --events. Also you may want to specify certain --databases to be backed up. For the sake of this discussion, I will not go into all that.

When the mysqldump command works to your satisfaction, you will want to have it run automatically as a cron job. To run the dump at 22:00 daily, specify this in the cron tab:

0 22 * * * mysqldump ... (etc)

Of course, this will overwrite the dumped database daily. To keep 30 copies, you will want to use logrotate. In /etc/logrotate.d, create a new file called (let's say) mysqldump. In this file enter this:

/path/to/mysqldump.sql {
  su (your username)
  rotate 30
  daily
  missingok
  notifempty
}

Save the file and restart logrotate.

Logrotate will visit your mysqldump directory daily and rename the newest one to mysqldump.sql.1, the newest-but-one to mysqldump.sql.2, and so on. If you have already 30 copies, it will delete the oldest.

As for tutorials, you don't really need one. Just read man mysqldump, man crontab and man logrotate. These are all very well understood tools that will simply work.


how to access docker dashboard in ubuntu 18.04

I would recommend using kitematic, from my POV it is the closest to the Mac or Win "Docker Desktop" tool

you can download latest release here

Note: they officially don't support ubuntu, but do provide release for it... and it works OK on my setup:

Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS
Docker version 19.03.8, build afacb8b7f0
docker-compose version 1.25.5, build 8a1c60f6
kitematic v0.17.11

preconditions:

Install Docker
Manage Docker as a non-root
user
(optional) Install Docker Compose

Steps to install:

download kitematic release zip-file
unzip deb package
install it

Extra Note: after installation of kitematic deb package, I had to restart ubuntu for it to initialize properly... there is probably a way to make it working without restart, but I dint have time to play with it...


Where is the "Search" place in the file open dialog?

Activate the file list (for example by single-clicking into it) and start typing.


Why am I getting these undefined errors when I compile a C++ program in terminal?

You should be compiling using g++, gcc compiles C programs. To install all required packages of g++, do sudo apt-get install build-essential on a terminal and then to compile your program, do g++ -g main.cpp -o Main.


I don't like to give out breezy assurances about not worrying about malware. Malware is getting stealthier and nastier all the time. If so many big websites have been hacked, is there any reason to believe that an ordinary user can't get hacked too?

You shouldn't search for junk to download in Opera. If I were you I'd uninstall it. I don't think it's a good idea to look for junk to download in Firefox either. QupZilla from the Ubuntu Software Center is a better web browser for this purpose. QupZilla is fast, it can import bookmarks from Firefox, it has AdBlock installed by default, and it keeps the junk out of the way of your most frequently used web browser.

QupZilla has renamed itself as Falkon and be installed by the following command in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu:

sudo snap install falkon


What size should my root partition be if I'd to use like a separate /home partition?

I made mine about 15GB and have barely used over 9.  I think (if you plan on using hibernate) you may want to bump your swap to 2GB to be safer.

As for location, I put / at the beginning, though I haven't seen any huge benefit from it


How to recover boot menu if I lost my password during the installation

So your question is really "how do I display the boot menu?". You do that by holding down the shift key when you boot.


software-center painfully slow ubuntu 12.04

After facing the same issue in 12.10, I tried from console to update the software center cache using

  sudo update-software-center

and started using

  sudo software-center

It worked. I hope it will work in 12.04 also.


How to make a tethering or hotspot active in ubuntu-touch?

With the latest OTA-update 6 available for all officially supported phones you can find the hotspot option under System Settings/Network now.


Uninstalled Pyton 2.7, now I cant log in

Open a tty (Ctrl+ALt+F1) and login. Then run:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop.


how to burn music to CD using .cue and .flac files

Have you looked into the cdrecord command line utilitity?

It has a cuefile parameter for CDRWIN compliant CUE sheets. You will have to convert the FLAC file(s) back to WAV (and fix the file naming inside the cue sheet).


How to boot ubuntu, when windows was reinstalled?

Boot using a live usb/cd of ubuntu.
Use boot-repair to fix the problem.

After booting with live usb/cd ,Run following command in terminal,

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Use Recomended Repair

More information can be found here- > https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


How do I create an EXT4 file system with block size 1024 and no reserved blocks from the command line?

mke2fs -b 1024 -m 0 -t ext4 /dev/whatever

or

mkfs.ext4 -b 1024 -m 0 /dev/whatever

-b gives the block size and -m gives you the reserved blocks percentage.

Replace /dev/whatever with the partition you want to format.


Best option to run Ubuntu? From partition? USB? or virtual box?

This heavily depends on what you are planning to do on Ubuntu.

Option 1: LiveUSB
I would recommend this for trying Ubuntu, but not for a permanent System, because it will not have a very good performance.

Option 2: Virtual Machine
This may be a good solution, if you want to keep your current OS (Windows?) as main OS and use Ubuntu from time to time for specific tasks.

Option 3: Complete Installation
I would recommend this option, if you want to use Ubuntu as your main OS. You can decide for a dual boot configuration, if you want to keep your current OS. Regarding the question, whether to use partitions or two drives: This is also dependent of the hardware you have. Normally installing Ubuntu in a separate partition works fine. But you should consider using a different drive, if it is very small.


your question isn't so clear to me.
but from what i've understood the problem is about GRUB that doesn't recognize Ubuntu this can be solved using Ubuntu LiveCD/USB + Boot-Repair.
all what you need to do is to use you LiveCD to enter Ubuntu Graphical Mode the download and install Boot-Repair using the following commands:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair
boot-repair

then run boot-repair from unity-dash and try automatic repair it should make it run as good as it could be.
PS: you Ubuntu LiveCD version must be the exact version of Ubuntu installed on your machine.


To test the system before installing, make sure and hook up the tv first with machine in off and tv on then boot off live cd then tv should come on this is a good test for any device that you want to test with Linux or Ubuntu: wifi, tv, monitors, printers, etc.

Plug in before the live boot, then, if it works, it work after a install if not a install will not help.


Sony bravia screen resolution problem when using Docky

(OP Solved problem)

  In Preferences > Appearance > Visual Effects I selected the second option (Normal) and all seems to be ok now, Docky did sent a notification that it needs compositing to work but up until now it worked properly. Many thanks.


Will Ubuntu One support OS Settings sync?

Ubuntu One does not currently support settings sync of arbitrary applications, although we're asked for it a lot. There are a couple of reasons for this. The major one is this: applications need to be written with settings sync in mind. If you take an arbitrary application, which stores its data in a configuration file, then that application is extremely unlikely to notice if Ubuntu One changes that configuration file while the application is running. Indeed, the app will almost certainly overwrite any Ubuntu One-made changes if you change the configuration of the app yourself.

A second issue is that applications do not distinguish between machine-specific settings and user-specific settings. If, for example, your app remembers the last files that it loaded, and you sync that list of recent files with Ubuntu One, what should other instances of that app (on other computers) do if those files are not present? If you save the app's window's position on your huge monitor, and then sync that setting to your netbook, how does the app cope with that? All of these things are certainly handleable within the app, but many apps don't actually realise that they may need to handle them.

The issue here is not that settings sync is in itself hard, but that applications are not really built with the idea that the settings file may contain "impossible to create", unlikely, or contradictory settings, and that the settings file may change at any time.

Some applications are set up to deal with this, and as part of the Ubuntu One application developer programme I'd be happy to talk to any application developer who would like their app to have syncable settings, to work out how best to do it for that app.


So you mean it doesn't show you the option for "erase disk and install ubuntu" and it crashes before that.

You can simply delete windows first and then run the installer.

Insert the Ubuntu Live CD,DVD or USB. go to "Try it without installing"
Connect to the wifi on the ubuntu live.
Install gparted "sudo apt-get install gparted"
Remove Windows partition (Right Click Delete).
5.Try running the installer now after reboot.


Missing localization of Ubuntu touch for Slovak language

The best way to start by translating the Ubuntu Touch system is by translating the core apps. You can find them on launchpad. There are links to the translating pages of the core apps on this overview site.

Please read the Ubuntu Tranlsation Guide before you start.


Good news, it's most likely not the USB drives and nothing too serious either!

This happens because of an unclean shutdown on a Windows NTFS partition. The disk gets marked dirty and Ubuntu refuses to touch it so it just needs to be checked with either a quick boot and exit of Windows or with ntfs-3g and some utility programs in Ubuntu. (Catch-22)

Easiest way is to boot into Windows and let the disk check do its thing first then reboot into Ubuntu. If you really just want to nuke and pave your Windows install try using a GParted live CD and formatting the disk from there first.

http://gparted.org


Serial ports registered but /dev/ttyS4 and ttyS5 files missing (Ubuntu 18.04, Intel Apollo Lake SoC)

After speaking with the device vendor, it turned out it was a wrong BIOS setting.


Why does my Ubuntu 14.04 desktop lock up when I do large data transfers between hard drives?

I was able to solve my own problem by updating the BIOS on my motherboard.

I updated the bios on my Asus P7P55 LX to 1202 from 1003.  Data has been copying between drives successfully now for over 20 minutes.


Every time Libvirt VM is started, AppArmor profile for it gets removed

first of all Michael is right, those files are generated and not meant to be edited.

To add custom rules you'd need to generally allow (for all guests) things right now. To do so you'd need to edit the conffile delivered by the package at

/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/libvirt-qemu

Newer versions (>=18.10) have a local override defined to avoid any conffile questions on upgrades.

/etc/apparmor.d/local/abstractions/libvirt-qemu

I'm eager to provide per-guest overrides but for quite some time I'm waiting until apparmor will fully support optional include files. You'll see when that happens at bug 1745114


Kdenlive crashes when clicking into timeline

It seems to be a bug, that causes Kdenlive on computers with NVIDIA/movit plugins to crash.

Disabling GPU processing (Settings → Configure Kdenlive → Playback → uncheck Use GPU processing (Movit library)) fixed it. Because of that, I am not able to use GPU effects anymore, but the rest of Kdenlive works now.


HOw to use Thunderbird parallel in Ubuntu and in Windows 10

You've got a few options...

Option 1 is to setup your email account to use IMAP. IMAP keeps your emails on the server, which allows multiple clients to access it. Be careful you don't lose your local emails - you'll have to move them back to the server if you want to share old emails. This is a better option if you want to add other devices in the future. Read more about Thunderbird and IMAP.

Option 2 is specific to your local machine where you share your profile via a common file location.


Need Grub for Windows/Linux Dual-Boot, No Internet Connection

Note: this answer assumes that you did install Ubuntu on the system already.  That was not 100% clear to me from the question.

IMHO the first thing to try in problematic dual boot situations is Boot-repair.  You can download it on your working Windows install and install it to USB.  Then boot from this USB and select the suggested repair.  In many cases that will get you the dual boot capability.


RAID to AHCI for Ubuntu, SupportAssist shows up every time

Have you tried boot-repair from a live Ubuntu USB flash disk?
Full instructions here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair . Follow the 2nd option (install boot-repair in Ubuntu).


I want to install freeglut3-dev package but this install removes the xserver (raring) without which my system can't run

I am not sure if this solution will work for you, but it worked for me - I had the same problem:

I downgraded my nvidia-driver to version 304.116 using additional drivers (jockey-gtk). Then I uninstalled mesa-common-dev and could install freeglut3-dev. Then I upgraded my nvidia-driver again to the latest version using additional drivers.

WARNING: I don't know if this could break something in your installation - as far as I know optimus support makes everything graphics-related a bit fragile...


When I full-screen a flash video, it takes over both monitors

Flash didn't know this, just until recently, so try updating flash and download the latest one. The latest features include fullscreen only on one display.

Check this article.


Best way to cache Ubuntu updates and control when new updates retrieved

apt-cacher is fine.

Upgrade packages on one machine, then enable offline_mode on the server and upgrade the rest.


how to find the PHP folder when configure one software?

Normally you can search for folders and files with the locate command:

locate php5

will print out lots of paths containing php - the "php folder" itself should be the /usr/lib/php5 folder.


How to enable the native GNOME Files (Nautilus) look?

Install gnome-tweak-tool

sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Open it
Change the theme to Adwaita, Icon theme to Adwaita and Cursor theme to Adwaita as well.

The default Gnome look will be restored.


It is caused by the fact that you don't have execute permission on the directories. Fix this by using chmod o+x directory. Make sure you don't make files executable unless you want them to be. It is not dangerous for directories to be executable. It only means you're allowed to traverse the directory.


found out that there was a program "inhibiting" gnome from going to sleep.
Used this answer - How to find a program which is preventing sleeping?


Can't input text on Busybox v1.27.2 built in shell (ash)

The diamond text is unimportant at this point. You've got a corrupt file system.

To repair your file system...

at the initramfs prompt, type fsck -f /dev/sda1

if what you type is not human-readable, just type it blindly

repeat the fsck command if there were errors
at the next initramfs prompt, type reboot (or exit, then reboot)

if what you type is not human-readable, just type it blindly

If for some reason you can't do the above, then do this...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in “Try Ubuntu” mode
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sda1
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot


Route traffic from host to docker container permanently

Maybe you could add that line

ip route add 10.0.0.0/16 via 172.17.0.2

to your .bashrc file? It will be executed every time you log in.


Where do I look for the reason for the removal of a package from the Ubuntu repositories

Most packages that are removed from Universe inherit that state from Debian. In order to find out the status of a package you can use the Debian Package Tracking System (PTS) to look it up:

http://packages.qa.debian.org/k/kompozer.html

Has the answer:

------------------- Reason -------------------
ROM; dead upstream
----------------------------------------------

This means the author(s) of the program have abandoned it.


How do I make a Theme from scratch for Unity?

10.04 to 11.04
To avoid problems with a theme I create I start with another theme and then copy it over to a new name and use theme Equinox Evolution Midnight to create a new theme that I name Rinzwind. This avoids errors, crashes and notices about things not being present for this theme.

create a new theme based of another theme

Themes are stored in /usr/share/themes/:

Steps taken in this image:

Open terminal and cd /usr/share/themes/
sudo mkdir Rinzwind
cd Rinzwind
sudo cp -R /usr/share/themes/Equinox\ Evolution\ Midnight/* .

Inside the new directory is a file named index.theme that needs to be changed to the new theme name. So after entering sudo gedit index.theme change all the old theme names to the new one:

String, search and replace Equinox Evolution Midnight -> Rinzwind
IconTheme and CursorTheme I will keep for now but editing these 2 is almost the same as for this theme.
And now we have a new name for an old theme:

Creating a new theme

Inside our new directory are 2 sets of images:

With an image editor (Gimp) you can change the colors or do various things on the images.
Make sure to keep the same size of the image and of course use sane colors (stick to one color and 1 or 2 shades of this color to make a theme and not something that gives people instant headaches).
Recreate these 2 directories in your Pictures folder by copying the theme to your Pictures. I copied the 2 directories inside the theme and removed all directories that are not images with this as a result:

Open all the images inside gimp and start editing them and when you are satisfied copy them over with to your theme's directory and check if it works.
Remark: since the theme is owned by root you need to use sudo to copy it over.

What GIMP tutorials are available?


You can spend a week finding everything that's missing or you can spend an hour just doing a reinstall from CD and then getting all your old packages back.

I'd suggest you boot into a LiveCD environment first to get backups of things first (copy them to an external USB drive, or another partition) and then start again.


Can I add Quod Libet controls to the sound menu?

Start Quod Libet
From the menu, select Music > Plugins
Locate "MPRIS D-Bus support" in the plugin list.
Tick to enable.
Close the plugin list.

(Optional) In the plugin details, tick "Hide main window on close". This will trigger more Rhythmbox-like behaviour: when you close the Quod Libet window, the application icon will no longer appear in the launcher, but QL will still be running and accessible from the sound menu.

Answer via https://github.com/quod-libet/quodlibet/issues/1493


can't reproduce this problem locally, but it appears to be multiple display related, and I made a pre-emptive fix for it: https://github.com/aardappel/treesheets/commit/870c780433445d4f645418315b653c80fd0d129d

(note: you'll get quicker response to bugs if you post directly on github).


You must use full path in the RUN key because (man udev)

  If no absolute path is given, the program is expected to live in
  /lib/udev, otherwise the absolute path must be specified. Program name
  and arguments are separated by spaces. Single quotes can be used to
  specify arguments with spaces.

Nevertheless the (bash) script itself should behave as normal, that is you don't need to specify the path.


Using the sputnik kernel solved the suspend issues I was having:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:canonical-hwe-team/sputnik-kernel
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux


Alienware R5 17 laptop crashes on suspend

In rare cases when resuming after suspend NVMe M.2 SSD's are not powered up again if they are Gen 3.0 x 4 bus lanes. Although this was promised to be fixed in an older kernel version it has not appeared yet: Cannot suspend with NVMe M.2 SSD

If you have such an SSD try the following:

Edit /etc/default/grub with sudo powers and find the line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet kaslr acpiphp.disable=1 pcie_aspm=off nloglevel=3 udev.log-priority=3"

Your options will be different but add the option acpihp.disable=1 between the double quotes.

Save the file and run sudo update-grub.

Reboot and then suspend and resume will work.


The purpose of the commands you mention is solely to save disk space. Furthermore, on most machines nowadays the savings would only amount to a tiny fraction of your disk space. So they're not very useful.

Most common maintenance tasks are performed automatically by the system. If you're curious about them, the scripts that perform them are in /etc/cron.*. The name or contents of the script might give you a hint of what they do. Don't change anything you don't understand — these commands are there for a reason.

One maintenance task which is not done automatically is installing security and stability updates (major bug fixes). By default, you will get a notification that updates are available. You should follow on the notification at the first opportunity. This is not done automatically in case the updates arrive at an inconvenient time, like when you're on a pay-per-byte Internet access or you have to switch off your computer right now; also because there is a (very small) risk that the updates break something and it's better not to do it unattended.

Updates are the only maintenance task that I trigger manually. If I had to do anything else, I'd consider it a bug. If it has to be done, it should be automated.


You could  try resetting any one of the locations by using the following command in the terminal:

gsettings reset-recursively

For example: "gsettings reset-recursively org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys"


SSH connections dropping after two or so lines

Before you start, make sure that the system time at both ends are synchronized. This helps with the comparison later.

Run tcpdump at both ends, filtered for TCP port 22. You mention that the client is using PuTTY so I assume Windows. You can get wireshark for Windows and it has a capture capability that you can use in place of tcpdump.

Using tcpdump, you would do this with something like: tcpdump -w/tmp/ssh.pcap -s0 -ieth0 port 22. With wireshark on Windows, you can set up a capture filtered for port 22 using the GUI, and then save the capture to disk.

Now open up both captures with wireshark. Find the point of disconnection. You should be able to see which end initiated the connection shutdown (where does a FIN or RST connection arrive from first?)

You can also check to see if a third party host (eg. a router, or an ISP) is interfering with the connection. You'll identify this if you spot a packet arriving that was never sent from the other side, for example. If this is happening, it is likely to be an RST packet.


Ubuntu 18.10 dock position doesn't change

Maybe you've switched your dock to an extension, instead of default ubuntu dock.

Have you tried gnome-tweaks?

apt install gnome-tweaks

In Extensions menu you can disable any custom dock extensions to make sure that the default is used.

Then you can try to switch its position via terminal using:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock dock-position BOTTOM

Make sure it's set with:

gsettings list-recursively  | grep org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock | grep position

it should print:

  org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock dock-position 'BOTTOM'

Also make sure gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock is installed:

dpkg -l | grep -E "^ii.*gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock"

You can use debsums to verify package integrity:

sudo apt install debsums
sudo debsums gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock


Fixed the problem by moving the trying to overwrite dir/file as root

mv /usr/share/doc/libglib2.0-0 /usr/share/doc/libglib2.0-0.backup

then sudo apt-get install -f pass successful


Unable to create additional partitions on Ubuntu Live USB drive

I solved my issue(*) thanks to the suggestion of ipse lute. Perhaps the suggestion of JonasCz would have worked as well but since that question was about deleting partitions, I figured (at first) it was a different issue. So if you're running into the same issue I was having, you might want to take a look at Unable to delete USB Drive partitions (Block size error) first and try if that fixes the issue. If it does, you won't need to reformat and use Unetbootin to re-create the live environment.

What I did was:

Reformat the drive using the 'Disks' app (choose 'Format Disk' / CTRL+F from the hamburger menu)
Create a 2GB FAT32 partition and mount it (again using the 'Disks' app)
Create all other partitions on the remaining space (in my case, a single 2GB LUKS encrypted EXT4 partition)
Install Unetbootin and use it to re-create the Live environment on the 2GB FAT32 partition
Set the FAT32 partition to 'bootable' using the 'Disks' app.

(*) - Actually, the steps above are IMHO workarounds to bugs in both 'Startup Disk Creator' (which used a faulty block size) and Unetbootin (which failed to set the partition to 'bootable').


Tree Command not working in some directories

TL;DR

If you want to continue using snap version of tree,

Either connect removable media to snap using
snap connect tree:removable-media

Or change mount point of the device. See below for details

Alternatively use deb version of tree which can be installed using APT.

Longer version:
Whenever a partition/removable media is mounted, the target point is usually /media/USER/UUID. But as per limitations of Snap, Snap applications can't guarantee the access of directories/files outside of current user's $HOME and that include directories such as /media and even /etc. From zyga's post:

The $HOME directory of the user must match /home/*. Other directories are not supported yet. In particular /home/subdir/user is also not supported.

any installation where the user’s home is not available if they're not logged in, is not yet supported. This includes:

installations using automount
ecryptfs and similar tech that unencrypt the $HOME directory (or partition) only while the user is logged in

Note here “not supported” does not mean “doesn’t work”. Some things might not work, but also some sequences of events might result in a user not being able to access their data.

However, tree that is installed via APT can access those (DEBs don't have such limitations). So, if you need tree to work in other partitions, either install tree using APT. For that, run
sudo apt install tree

Or mount the partition in $HOME. For mounting a partition, you can use either mount command or edit /etc/fstab.

If using, mount,

Create a directory in any subdirectory of $HOME, for example, test in ~/Desktop
mkdir ~/Desktop/test

mount works only with sudo privileges, therefore, run
sudo mount /path/of/partition/ ~/Desktop/test

(Replace /path/of/partition/ with the partition/device path, for example, /dev/sda3)

This won't automatically mount partition in that folder. Thus if you mount and unmount partition again and again, the command needs to be re-run.

If editing /etc/fstab:

Obtain UUID using
blkid /path/of/partition

(Replace /path/of/partition/ with the partition/device path, for example, /dev/sda3)

Open /etc/fstab with sudo privileges using a text editor such as nano and add this line:
UUID Mount_point Partition_type

where UUID is obtained from the previous command, mount point is ~/Desktop/test (lets say) and partition type is the type of partition such as ntfs or ext4.

This automatically mounts partition in the given mount point even after just a tap in Nautilus.
Once you're done you can use tree with sudo privileges, since both will mount the partition with sudo privileges and hence owner would be root.


How can I stream my desktop via Ustream?

Steps:

Install webcam studio ( http://sourceforge.net/projects/webcamstudio/files/ )
start webcamstudio
click Sources => Desktop
click the Play icon
you can checkout a preview with the Show Preview button
login to ustream and click start broadcast
in the flash input dialog choose webcamstudio

credits go to: http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=9517840&postcount=16

edit: Testet this at lucid and it is working.


This just happened to me after the 14.10 update, and it seems to be because my virtual environments have old copies of /usr/bin/python2.7 that — unlike the new binary — do not include datetime built-in, and so get an error when they cannot find it on disk anywhere. The new interpreter seems to import it without any file I/O (try running it under strace to check).

I fixed each virtual environment by activating it and running:

$ cp /usr/bin/python2.7 $(which python2.7)


Can't get wireless working on 12.10 and Dell latitude d630

With the Ubuntu 11.x releases, the proprietary Broadcom drivers stopped working with the 4311 Broadcom chips (see bug 732677). However these chips works fine with the open
b43 driver, but you first need to install their firmware -- easily done with
a package install. First, remove the proprietary STA driver if installed, (which
is the same as driver wl), and its configuration files which suppress
the working b43 driver) by reversing whatever you did to install them:

   sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source

and/or run additional-drivers and unselect the Broadcom STA driver

Check that your removal/deactivation above is complete:
all the lines with  "blacklist b43" should have been removed from all
files in /etc/modprobe.d. These blacklist lines suppress  the b43 driver,
so they must be removed -- just the exact "b43" and "b43legacy" lines,
leave the "bcm43xx" lines alone.  Deal with any leftovers:

  sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-bcm43.conf

 gksudo gedit  any-file-found-with-b43

and delete or put a # at the beginning.

The proprietary firmware cannot be distributed with the release,so you
have to manually add it. Use a wired connection, and in a terminal:

   sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Another source of the Broadcom firmware is the package firmware-b43-installer

   sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

but only one set of firmware is needed (and non-4311 users should
check for needing other versions of the firmware (like
firmware-b43-lpphy-installer).

With the firmware in place, NetworkManager may start scanning,
if not, manually load the b43 driver module, or just reboot.

 sudo modprobe b43

At this point, you should have the b43 driver module loaded, and
the wl and another possible driver, brcma module NOT present in the
module list produced by:

 sudo lsmod | sort

If the brcma module is listed, blacklist it by adding the following:
  blacklist brcma
  blacklist brcmsmac
  blacklist brcm80211
to file /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

  gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

NetworkManager should start scanning and offer a list of possible
connection points within a few seconds.

Select your access point, select the correct encryption method, and enter
your key. If you are not broadcasting your ssid and it does not show up  in
the list of access points, you might have to left click NetworkManager and
select the menu item "connect to hidden network", and enter your ssid. Next
boot, the connection should be automatic.


Screen Tearing in Ubuntu 16.04 using APU A8-6410 Lenovo B40-45

I got the solution

The step are :

1. install CompizConfig Settings Manager from Ubuntu software
2. make sure that Composite, OpenGL and Workarounds checked
3. open Composite and make sure that Detect Refresh Rate and Unredirect Fullscreen Windows are checked
4. open Workarounds and make sure that Force complete redraw on initital damage and Force full screen redraws (buffer swap) on repaint checked
5. Finish.


Just installed Ubuntu/Ruby, cant create rails project

Try run:

gem install bundler
bundle update

or maybe re-install rails:

gem install rails

If not working you can re-install the rails for your version of ubuntu in this link https://gorails.com/setup/ubuntu/16.04


Where are GNOME keyboard shortcuts stored?

Ubuntu has changed since other answers to this question were written.

Keybindings have moved from gconf to dconf.  Gconf stores its data in xml files and was accessed by gconf-editor and gconf-tool2.   Dconf stores its data in a binary format and is accessed by dconf-editor and gsettings.

The number of places that keybindings are stored is reduced.  There is now a centralized dconf path to store window manager keybindings (org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings).  There are mapping files in the directory /usr/share/gnome-control-center/keybindings/that show how these are applied based on the window manager you are actually using (compiz or metacity).

A second set of non-window-manager related key bindings is stored in the dconf path org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys

There is a third set of keybindings related to power buttons that is stored in the dconf path org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power.   There is currently a bug in the GUI that lets you configure keybindings.  It doesn't know about these settings.  I have a "sleep" button on my keyboard.  If I want to reassign it to other functionality, I have to disable the setting in org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power manually.  The GUI doesn't do it for me (although it assigns the new functionality just fine).

The other wrinkle is custom key bindings.  These are stored in dconf using relocatable schema.  Its done this way because there are an arbitrary number of them.  A reasonable approach, but it makes listing or modifying them via the command line harder than it should be.

I also found out that the GUI that allows you to assign keybindings is limited in a way that annoys me.  The GUI allows exactly ONE keybinding to be assigned to each action.  In dconf, you can set an array of bindings for a single action.  This is useful to me.  For example, I like to have the "close-window" action assigned to the traditonal Alt-F4 as well as to an easier to hit single button on my keybord.

I have written a Perl script to dump all the keybindings to a csv file, or restore them from the csv file.  For example to dump the keybindings you might use:

./keybindings.pl -e /tmp/keys.csv

and to restore them you might use:

./keybindings.pl -i /tmp/keys.csv

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;

my $action = '';
my $filename = '-';

for my $arg (@ARGV){
    if ($arg eq "-e" or $arg eq "--export"){
        $action = 'export';
    } elsif ($arg eq "-i" or $arg eq "--import"){
        $action = 'import';
    } elsif ($arg eq "-h" or $arg eq "--help"){
        print "Import and export keybindings\n";
        print " -e, --export <filename>\n";
        print " -i, --import <filename>\n";
        print " -h, --help\n";
        exit;
    } elsif ($arg =~ /^\-/){
        die "Unknown argument $arg";
    } else {
        $filename = $arg;
        if (!$action){
            if ( -e $filename){
                $action='import';
            } else {
                $action='export';
            }
        }
    }
}

$action='export' if (!$action);
if ($action eq 'export'){
    &export();
} else {
    &import();
}

sub export(){
    my $gsettingsFolders = [
        ['org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings','.'],
        ['org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power','button'],
        ['org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys','.'],
    ];

    my $customBindings = [
    ];

    $filename = ">$filename";
    open (my $fh, $filename) || die "Can't open file $filename: $!";

    for my $folder (@$gsettingsFolders){
        my @keylist = split(/\n/, `gsettings list-recursively $folder->[0]`);
        foreach my $line (@keylist){
            if ($line =~ /^([^ ]+) ([^ ]+)(?: \@[a-z]+)? (.*)/){
                my ($path, $name, $value) = ($1,$2,$3);
                if ($name eq "custom-keybindings"){
                    $value =~ s/[\[\]\' ]//g;
                    my @c = split(/,/, $value);
                    $customBindings = \@c;
                } elsif ($name =~ /$folder->[1]/){
                    if ($value =~ /^\[|\'/){
                        if ($value =~ /^\[\'(?:disabled)?\'\]$/){
                            $value = '[]';
                        }
                        print $fh "$path\t$name\t$value\n";
                    }
                }
            } else {
                die "Could note parse $line";
            }
        }
    }

    for my $folder (@$customBindings){
        my $gs = `gsettings list-recursively org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:$folder`;
        my ($binding) = $gs =~ /org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding binding (\'[^\n]+\')/g;
        my ($command) = $gs =~ /org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding command (\'[^\n]+\')/g;
        my ($name) = $gs =~ /org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding name (\'[^\n]+\')/g;
        $command =~ s/\"/\\\"/g;
        $command =~ s/^'(.*)'$/$1/g;
        $command =~ s/\'/\'\\\'\'/g;
        $command = "\'$command\'";
        print $fh "custom\t$name\t$command\t$binding\n"
    }

    close($fh);
}

sub import(){

    $filename = "<$filename";
    open (my $fh, $filename) || die "Can't open file $filename: $!";

    my $customcount=0;

    while (my $line = <$fh>){
        chomp $line;
        if ($line){
            my @v = split(/\t/, $line);
            if (@v[0] eq 'custom'){
                my ($custom, $name, $command, $binding) = @v;
                print "Installing custom keybinding: $name\n";
                    print `gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom$customcount/ name \"$name\"`;
                print `gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom$customcount/ command \"$command\"`;
                print `gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom$customcount/ binding \"$binding\"`;
                $customcount++;
            } else {
                my ($path, $name, $value) = @v;
                print "Importing $path $name\n";
                print `gsettings set \"$path\" \"$name\" \"$value\"`;
            }
        }
    }
    if ($customcount > 0){
        my $customlist = "";
        for (my $i=0; $i<$customcount; $i++){
            $customlist .= "," if ($customlist);
            $customlist .= "'/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom$i/'";
        }
        $customlist = "[$customlist]";
        print "Importing list of custom keybindings.\n";
        print `gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys custom-keybindings \"$customlist\"`;
    }

    close($fh);
}

This includes the fix by user2589537 to allow custom commands with quotes in them.


Using dd like this:

dd if=/dev/old_drive of=/dev/new_drive bs=100M

may work just fine. The option bs=100M should improve performance.

However you should be concerned of the following issues:

If you have proof that your hard drive is in a state of dying, then
it's not recommended to stress the drive any further than needed.
Backup the necessary data first, after that you can still do a full
copy of the drive.
While talking about backups: Don't just do a copy from one drive to
the other! Do a backup, restore from that backup to the new drive and
validate your backup in that way. You don't know how long the new
drive will last, it may already be faulty, you never know.
Copying the whole old drive including its metrics to the new drive is
bad:

Performance loss due to false alignment. Partitions on newer drives with
4K layout have to be properly aligned. Just create new partitions on
the new drive with tools like GParted and select alignment to 1 MB
boundaries. Download the latest Ubuntu Live CD, it already contains
GParted and while you're at it, make sure you have a copy of the Live
CD from the Ubuntu version you have currently installed, you will
need it for reinstalling GRUB to the newly partitioned drive.
Performance loss due to fragmented files. Now is the best chance to start
fresh and new. Create a new file system and copy the data,
defragmentation is done auto magically. :)
Writing to SSDs with dd is a bad idea. For example with activated TRIM support, you will loose some of your data after a few hours until your file system is corrupt. TRIM and dd don't play nice. (TRIM is enabled via the discard option for EXT4 in fstab, other file systems have other options, you might want to look that up in the man pages of the corresponding mount command for the file system)
Partition sizes and file systems are not adjusted. If the new drive is large enough, you will get all your data and partitions onto the drive, but the available space will still be the same. You will have to use either all-in-one partitioning tools like GParted or resize2fs and the likes to adjust the file system size to the new partition size.

That said, I recommend you better go with rsync (options -ap should suffice, boot from Live CD and start the rsync job there) to make a backup, create a new partition layout on the new drive (if you have been using EXT3, now is the time to switch to EXT4, but no more fancy stuff, btrfs is still not stable), restore from the backup to the new drive, install GRUB to the new drive with the --boot-directory method (you are still using the Live CD) and replace the UUIDs in /etc/fstab, /boot/grub/grub.cfg and /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume (latter one is for the swap partition to be used by suspend to disk) to reflect the new configuration.

That's mostly it. A bit more work, but safer and with the feeling of a fresh deployed system without reinstalling.


16.04 CIFS "Host is down" but they are not

After many tests adding vers=1.0 in the mount line seems to fix the problem. The mount works now on Ubuntu 17.10 like it did for years on older Ubuntu releases.


How to assign correct permissions to both webserver and svn users?

There is also a group called www-data. The files you have in your webroot should all belong to that group and have write-right for the group. Assuming your webroot is /var/www you can do this by executing (as root or by using sudo)

chgrp -R www-data /var/www
chmod -R g+rwX /var/www


Ubuntu-Emulator will not install on Ubuntu 14.04

First, go to software center, click edit, click software sources, enable the multiverse and universe repositories.

then run:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-emulator-runtime

if it installs fine, run:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-emulator

That should fix it, however,

if error then run:

dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-glx:i386

if libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 "cannot be found" then run this instead:

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-utopic

or possibly

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-utopic:i386

but I don't think this version (i386) is actually needed because the base package requires  multiarch support so it's probably the right one to begin with but if not then here you go.

because libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-utopic provides libgl1-mesa-glx:i386

if that installs fine, run:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-emulator-runtime
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-emulator

read the error from that output and go from there. Install this stuff one by one and if it asks for a specific version like 1.0.5 then sudo apt-get install ubuntu-emulator-runtime=1.0.5 for example.


Line 210 on apache2.conf loads all the modules on /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/ which are symlinks to /etc/apache2/mods-available/, run this command to see if the symlink is broken

ls -la /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/

If so, delete the symlink and try to restart apache again

sudo unlink /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/authz_default.load
sudo service apache restart

It's possible that you need to disable other modules too, or reinstall them if necessary.

Note: The usual way of disabling mods (which remove symlinks internally) is using a2dismod, but i dont know if it works on broken mods/synlinks.


My workaround for this issue was to include the library in the command line, like this:
cmake -DZLIB_LIBRARY=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so  ..


I guess you have a Core i5 or i7 with Intel Turbo Boost? On my i7, it seems like those messages appear when the Turbo Boost reaches the power maximum. Shouldn't be a need to wory.


Is there a program to manage movies and TV shows that supports mp4 tags?

There isn't a program to do this on Linux.

There's a program called AtomicParsley which will tag your files in an iTunes style from the command line, but it doesn't have a GUI.

I tried writing my own program using AtomicParsley as a base for tagging, but it proved to be too risky. Tagging is at the byte level and minor changes can corrupt your files so that they're unplayable.

It's unfortunate for those who have large libraries coming from an iTunes setting, but there just isn't anything that will read and parse those files in a graphical setting.


Internal Server Error when upgrading to PHP 5.6

Most likely the simplest option to do is to reinstall php and get the newest release as well as possibly uninstalling and reinstalling the Apache2 server as sometimes updating will not work as planned and can mess interconnected software up.

And after looking at it again, it looks like you also had a bad install so again, reinstall the LAMP server altogether (I think that is what you are using).


Can't start a virtual machine with VirtualBox

Run sudo apt purge virtualbox*

Then run sudo apt install virtualbox*

Then finally sudo modprobe vboxdrv

it should work now.


How can I alphabetize a multi line record from a text file?

Here is a solution using awk:

$ awk 'BEGIN{FS="\n";RS=""} {r[$1]=$0} END{n = asort(r); for (i=1;i<=n;i++){print r[i] "\n"}}' restaurants
Restaurant: Five guys
City: Atlanta
State: Georgia
Address: 123 Peachtree Rd
Phone: 9234211

Restaurant: KFC
City: NYC
State: NY
Address: 123 Madison Square
Phone: 95311

Restaurant: McDonalds
City: Miami
State: Florida
Address: 123 Biscayne Blvd
Phone: 91341

Restaurant: Taco Bell
City: LA
State: CA
Address: 123 Rodeo Drive
Phone: 911

awk reads in the file one record at a time.  We define the record separator, RS, to be "" so that records are separated by a blank line.  All the records are read into an array r.  At the end, the array r is sorted and printed.

As @Sadi points out in the comments, the awk command is adaptable to use in a pipeline:

cat restaurants | awk 'BEGIN{FS="\n";RS=""} {r[$1]=$0} END{n = asort(r); for (i=1;i<=n;i++){print r[i] "\n"}}' >sorted_list_of_restaurants


black screen after upgrading from 14.04 to 15.10?

Try

  sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

Maybe put 16.04 on your system. I had problems as well with the upgrade from 14.04. I had to do a fresh install. Be sure to back your personal folders up! Mega-sync works great and its 50GB.  Mega-sync and be sure to get the browser add-on


Huge elements on secondary monitor with lower resolution

As far as I know the only relatively easy way to get independent scaling between monitor and built-in display is to use the Wayland windows system (instead of the current Xorg).

This is available in Ubuntu 18.04, although Xorg window system is the default, you can switch at the login screen

Then in your 'Display Settings' you can set 200% for the built-in display and 100% for the monitor.

But there are still major issues. I have created a separate question with the issues I found when using Wayland. Currently only the terminal windows and file explorer windows handle the separate scaling properly. All other applications still use the scaling of the built-in display when on the monitor. This makes for a really ugly monitor as you have some windows scaled to 100% and others to 200%.


If you mean Recovery Mode, and you can get to the # prompt, then type:

sudo mount -o rw,remount / # remount the disk rw

cd /etc # change directory

sudo pico fstab # to edit existing fstab

or, if you wish to restore your backup fstab:

sudo mv fstab fstab.bad # rename existing file, for safety

sudo cp fstab.backup fstab # restore backup fstab, use your own name

If you can't do any of this, then you'll have to boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB, mount the HDD by using the Files (Nautilus) application, click on the HDD in the left pane, navigate to the /etc directory on the HDD, edit fstab, etc.

Update #1:

Make sure that /media/DATA mount point exists.

Change this line in fstab:

7264c768-09ca-4e0e-aeb7-018a3a25badb /media/DATA    ext4    defaults    0   0

to this:

UUID=7264c768-09ca-4e0e-aeb7-018a3a25badb /media/DATA    ext4    defaults,nofail    0   2


Database lost ! MariaDB fresh installation

By default the databases are stored in /var/lib/mysql

Before removing the package from mariadb look in that directory, once done show us that appears.

Any doubt we will be resolving to solve it.


Why do we have non-free software in the official repositories?

The software in Multiverse is "gratis", but not free. These are some examples of cases in which software would be appropriate in Multiverse:

The Software is not legal in every jurisdiction (DVD Decryption, ...)
It's software-patent encumbered (MP3 Codecs, ...)
It doesn't provide the user with all of the four essential Freedoms:

Run the program for any purpose.
Study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you want.
Redistribute copies at will.
Modify the program, and release modified versions.

Note that those do not include a requirement that modified version be released with a license that grants the same freedom. This is called copyleft, and it's seperate from pure free software.
There are issues with the licensing (like missing, unclear or invalid copyright notices)
Any of the above is disputed or unclear

As htorque quotes, "The onus is on you to verify your rights to use this software ".

Note also: much of the software in Ubuntu enters the repositories through being in Debian first, so the Debian Social Contract & The Debian Free Software Guidelines are of some relevance.


How to create a script which opens the browser and logins to a particular Gmail account?

Gmail does not allow logging in from the url(or basic HTTP auth in general), my best guess would be to use something like the selenium webdriver to script the form filling as well as clicking the login button.


My solution was finally to run:
$ synclient HorizHysteresis=0
$ synclient VertHysteresis=0

Now my touchpad can move the cursor diagonally and in tight circles (Xubuntu, HP Elitebook).


Why does my system use 2 GB of memory when I have only one application(chrome) running?

Please, open the terminal and show the output of the command
    free -m

Probably, 2gb is already used because some memory was used for file cache purpose. It completely ok and speeds up overall system speed.

Please, read more on this website: www.linuxatemyram.com

PS. And looks like your Chrome is ok, there is no need to replace it.


I made my own webapp, how to change the title (or whatever)?

The title of the window is handled by <title> HTML element, after all you're actually opening a website, not a local standalone app. So this is a browser-side thing and I don't think it's possible to modify title from desktop entry.
To control the title, you can use document.title of JavaScript and override the default title. To test things,

Press F12 to open Developer tools once the "webapp" starts.
Navigate to Console.
Run
document.title="My title for Sketchboard"

If you're satisfied with the result, you can use Tampermonkey and create an userscript in order to override the title whenever you open the webapp or website. The userscript would look like
// ==UserScript==
// @name         Sketchboard
// @version      0.1
// @description  Window title modifier for Sketchboard
// @author       You
// @match        *sketchboard.me/*
// @grant        none
// ==/UserScript==

(function() {
    'use strict';
    document.title="Modified Title"
})();


Open file dialog defaults to showing hidden files

Edit the file

~/.config/gtk-2.0/gtkfilechooser.ini

There is a line

ShowHidden=true

change to

ShowHidden=false

Save and close.

Worked for me!


PHP not running for FOG web management server

Using the provided information as a base, you don't have PHP installed to run with Apache (as an Apache module). The common installation is to use PHP as a module of Apache, what can be easily be achieved using apt-get like this:

sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5
sudo service apache2 restart

This should solve your problem.


What can be considered too high or too low volume?

You can test audio record in Audacity to see if it clips. You generally should be able to hear the clipping if it is present. There is no standard volume that I know just set it at the highest possible level without the signal clipping, that's at least my standard for recording.

To use Audacity to test the audio level:

To use Audacity to test your Audio level you will open a new project. Then locate the two stereo meters then click the arrow next to the microphone and select start monitoring. If no level is shown and you are sure you have audio playing as if you were recording a video then move to the right in the UI and find the second microphone, and click the dropdown menu and select the device you are using, in common cases it simply is "sysdefault."

Then you should be able to see your level if you return to monitoring. Additionally you can simply record a few second clip and see if the sound file spikes to the top (Peak).


try going into alsamixer and adjusting the mic boost slider on the capture screen.

open a terminal and type alsamixer then hit "f4" for the capture screen. then use the down arrow to adjust. hit esc to exit the mixer.

if you would rather use the gui version type alsamixergui then check your levels.

cheers,


AMD GPU driver installation on Kubuntu 16.04?

You cannot install additional AMD drivers in 16.04.  There is just no support or proprietary drivers for it, and as of this writing, there is still no plan to make any, or to further support AMD card beyond the existing opensource drivers.

Even if you do manage to mangle an install and make it run, it will likely break the system.

The issue with the open source drivers in 16.04 is power management, or lack thereof, for many cards.  Having a hybrid card means you will be running both at all times with no ability to power down the one not in use. This is not very effective for power consumption, and in the case of laptops, causes extra unneeded heat.


Better Bible Application Software (The Word/E-sword Replacement)

If you're running Lucid or Maverick, you may want to try Bible Analyzer, as explained here (I suppose you could also find the source and compile/build it by yourself).

Alternatives are well listed here.


Kubuntu 14.04 - Wireless network dissabed by hardware switch

Is the module asus_nb_wmi  loaded? Check:

lsmod | grep asus

If so, please try:

echo "options asus_nb_wmi wapf=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/asus.conf

Reboot and see if your wireless key combination is working as expected.


Open your Terminal and run this command:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer


Automatic logout after every some screen unlock - 18.04 - Wayland

I think I found a source of that behavior. I seems connected to Gnome Extensions and I even managed to narrow it down. I think it's caused by Time++ extension and maybe some other ones I have also disabled. To be honest, at least some of Time++ features seemed to work well even on Wayland, but maybe some others require XServer and change to Wayland started causing problems.

The lesson from that: when You experience any weird behavior of Gnome Shell start from disabling all extensions. Than, if it doesn't help, look for other possible sources of problem.


Brand new to Ubuntu - can't get into recovery mode

You can boot a LiveCD from CD/USB, mount Ubuntu and chroot into it.

After booting the LiveCD open a Terminal and type sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda. This will show you which partitions are in use:

$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda

Disk /dev/sda: 17.5 GB, 17515986944 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2129 cylinders, total 34210912 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0004634f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048    31082495    15540224   83  Linux
/dev/sda2        31084542    34209791     1562625    5  Extended
/dev/sda5        31084544    34209791     1562624   82  Linux swap / Solaris

You need to find that line which is has Linux in the last column. In this case /dev/sda1 is your root partition. If you've more than one line with System Linux you'll have to try out

$ sudo mount /dev/sdaX /mnt #where sdaX is your root partition
$ ls /mnt
bin     dev      home      media     proc      sbin     tmp     var
boot    etc      lib       opt       root      sys      usr

The output of ls /mnt should look like this or you've choose the wrong partition. If so unmount it with sudo umount /mnt and try again. If you found the correct root partition proceed with:

$ sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
$ sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
$ sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
$ sudo chroot /mnt
$ passwd YOUR_USER_NAME

After setting a new password type:

$ exit
$ sudo umount /mnt/dev
$ sudo umount /mnt/proc
$ sudo umount /mnt/sys
$ sudo umount /mnt
$ sudo reboot


How do I search for a PPA via CLI, commandline?

Don't really understand why you'd want to search for PPAs from the command line because most people already have a browser window perpetually open.  Here are a few options:

If you use a browser that supports adding keywords to bookmarks, you can bookmark https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+ppas?name_filter=%s with keyword ppa.  Then type ppa [package-name] into the URL bar to search.
If ppasearch does what you need, keep using it for as long as it continues to work.  You can try contributing to development to add features or fix bugs.  If developers are non-responsive, you can create a personal fork.
You can create your own script, similar to the following:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

function _show_help_ {
   echo "Usage:" `basename ${0}` "[options] [package-name]"
   echo "Open web browser to search Launchpad for [package-name]."
   echo
   echo "  -l, --list      List PPAs with link and description"
   echo "  -h, --help      Display this help and exit."
}

function msed {
   perl -0777 -pe "$@"
}

if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
   _show_help_
   exit 1
fi

case "$1" in
   '-h'|'--help')
      _show_help_
      ;;
   '-l'|'--list')
      shift
      curl -s "https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+ppas?name_filter=$@" \
          | pandoc -f html -t markdown \
          | msed 's@[\s\S]*<div id="ppa_list">@@' \
          | msed 's@\]\(@\]\(https://launchpad.net/@'
          | grep -E '^\s+\[' \
          | msed 's@^\s+@@' \
          | msed 's@\s+[0-9]+\s+[0-9]+\s+@\n@g'
      ;;
   *)
      xdg-open "https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+ppas?name_filter=$@"
      ;;
esac

This script opens a link to a Launchpad search for the given package in the default browser.  With the appropriate flag -l, it outputs a list of PPA names with their URLs and descriptions.

You can add additional features as you encounter the need for them.


The Ubuntu One launcher delays 30 seconds after session startup before starting the syncdaemon. The syncdaemon can then take a few minutes before it's alive and well and answering requests. So, if you wait 30 seconds after startup, you should be able to open a terminal and see the process with ps -C ubuntuone-syncdaemon.

If you find that it isn't starting, in that same terminal, please do

/usr/lib/ubuntuone-client/ubuntuone-syncdaemon --debug

and pastebin the output so we can get to the root of the issue.


how do I remove the last connected users from the lightdm greeter list

So, to remove last connected network users from the list, just purge the /var/log/wtmp file :

# > /var/log/wtmp

Besides, to make lightdm remember last connected network users, one can add the following line to the file /etc/pam.d/lightdm :

session optional        pam_lastlog.so silent


Dell M5030 Compatability with Ubuntu 14.04

You can first try running Ubuntu 14.04 from a flash drive or a disc and check how your hardware works out. If you're comfortable, you can go right ahead and install it.

To revert to 10.04, you can get the ISO images from http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/10.04.3/


New to Ubuntu and got stuck on managing internet conection

Actually you don't need to have problems like this. What kind of router are you using ?

-> basic Net drivers drivers for connection to internet, are standard packed  in Ubuntu, maybe you need to try to get in the router.   (exp 192.168.0.1 and manually apply some changes)


Using Ubuntu via a USB on low spec machine

With your hardware running Ubuntu from a live USB is possible, but I wouldn't go so far as to say that it is practical because of slow, laggy performance. A dual boot of a lightweight Ubuntu flavor like Xubuntu 18.04 or Lubuntu 18.04 alongside your existing operating system would be a better alternative.

I answered this question because it is a niche question, and there seems to be no other way to prevent frustrating user experiences caused by trying to run Ubuntu from a live USB on a computer that has limited hardware. There are flavors like Lubuntu that work well on this hardware1, but the read/write speed limitations of the USB flash drive would still be a performance bottleneck.

The limitations of live USB performance on the flash drive form factor are purely physical, not the result of any corporate paywall.

A live USB on a pocket-sized portable SSD has OK performance, but trying to run Ubuntu on an expensive toy like that is a waste of money for most people.
Lightweight live Linux distros that are designed to run on a USB flash drive such as Boot-Repair, GParted, Clonezilla and grml work just fine on ordinary USB flash drives.