Live bootable pen drive with both Windows and Ubuntu

You should be able to. But there are two important factors.

a. You have to make sure that your Windows computer is running Windows 8 or higher. If you are using Windows 7, you can't have a bootable USB that also boots on Mac. (Mac and versions of Windows higher that 8 use UEFI, whilst Windows 7 and lower use BIOS)

b. Also you have to make sure that both computers can boot from a USB.


Windows only installs to gpt partitioned drives with UEFI, but you are not showing an efi partition.
Windows in BIOS mode will automatically convert a gpt partitioned drive back to MBR(msdos), but does not delete the backup gpt partition table.
Then Linux sees MBR and gpt and gets confused. You need to remove backup gpt data on drive so it is only MBR.

FixParts is the easiest way to remove the stray GPT data. GPT fdisk (gdisk or sgdisk) can do it, but the procedure's a bit more involved.

http://www.rodsbooks.com/fixparts/

If system is UEFI and you really want that you have to convert Windows 7 installer to flash and make it UEFI capable. Then install Windows first.


Ubuntu 'disappeared' on Windows 8.1 update

The Windows 8.1 installer must have overwritten the MBR and thus removed Grub.

To solve this problem, use Boot Repair as follows:
boot your computer on a Ubuntu live-CD or live-USB.
choose "Try Ubuntu"
connect to the Internet
open a new Terminal, then type: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair

Press ENTER.
Then type: sudo apt-get update

followed by: sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

Finally type: boot-repair

and choose Recommended repair.

Reboot your PC to check if the problem persists.

Source: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

P.S. Ubuntu 13.04 has reached end-of-life and it is strongly recommended to upgrade to a supported version.


CIFS = Common Internet File System
SMB = Server Message Block

You use CIFS if you want to mount a Windows network share.
You use SMB if you want to share printers etc. with Windows computers.

How to use CIFS and SMB in details is big task to answer so you will have to go hunting your self.

You have probably the Samba client or server installed.


NVidia Drivers 340 or 390, which one should I choose?

You can check for recommended versions from below official website.

https://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx

Each new version comes with new functionality or bug fix so stick with new one.

For details and differences  between each drivers, please refer the change logs.

Follow the below ppa guidelines to install that.

https://launchpad.net/~graphics-drivers/+archive/ubuntu/ppa


It is not recommended to upgrade your Kernel. Please Read Here You can update the kernel with the update manager safely.

*Click on System > Administration > Update Manager > Click on Check button > Apply all updates including kernel.

If you wish to proceed with upgrades outside these steps I would recommend making a backup of your system Here

Run the following Terminal commands to install a new 32-bit Ubuntu kernel from http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install python-bs4

cd /tmp

rm -rf medigeek-kmp*

wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/medigeek/kmp-downloader/tarball/master -O kmpd.tar.gz

tar xzf kmpd.tar.gz

cd medigeek-*

python kmpd.py -d

You can roll back by selecting the previous (old) kernel at the boot menu and then un-install the (new) not working kernel.

With Synaptic you can un-install previously installed kernel packages.

For More information visit Kernel/Upgrade or Here


how to run software on client machine installed on server machine?

The best way to access your server resources is by using ssh from your client.

First login into your server and sudo apt-get install openssh-server
You can easily identify your server ip address using ifconfig, just look for inet addr:xxxxxxxx

Then from you client type ssh my_login@server_ip_address


In which country(s) is our  Ubuntu One data stored?

Ubuntu One uses Amazon's S3 service in datacenters around the world. There are no UK datacenters listed on S3's website, though this could change.

To answer your question directly, S3 Datacenters (holding your Ubuntu One data) are in the following countries: USA, Ireland, Singapore, Japan, and Brazil. None of those countries are part of the UK.

If you don't trust one or more of these governments with your data, see this question on encrypting your data in Ubuntu One.

EDIT: Here is the Ubuntu One technical details page confirming they use S3


Nautilus Action Configuration tool in Ubuntu 19.04

Brief answer: nautilus-actions has become filemanager-actions, and you are looking for the command fma-config-tool. Search for "actions" to find the launcher in your application menu.

Long answer:
Currently, the software to create custom right-click menu entries for Nautilus (and Nemo) is called "filemanager-actions". You still can install it as "nautilus-actions": that package still exists, but is now only a meta-package that will bring in the main package.

Once you installed the package, a shortcut "Filemanager-actions" will appear in your Applications, which you can search using the keyword "actions" or "fileman".

You can launch the config tool using the command fma-config-tool. The .desktop file, which provides your Application menu entry for the tool, is /usr/share/applications/fma-config-tool.desktop.

So probably you installed it just right, but you are not finding it because of the name changes. The name has changed because the tool is aimed for both nautilus and nemo. The Ubuntu Mate file manager "caja" has its own tool.


Guessing you want to replace : with cariage return, simply use the stream editor sed:

sed  's|:|\n|g' /input/file.txt

Learn more about sed : https://linuxconfig.org/learning-linux-commands-sed
With the given sample data :

user@host:~/Test$ cat ./input/file.txt
mstage1.service-ft.google.com:mstage1.service-ft.google.com
mstage1.service.google.com
mstage1.service.google.com:mstage1.service.google.com
mstage1.service-int.google.com
mstage1.serviceint.google.com
mstage1.service-int.google.com:mstage1.service-int.google.com
user@host:~/Test$
user@host:~/Test$ sed  's|:|\n|g' ./input/file.txt
mstage1.service-ft.google.com
mstage1.service-ft.google.com
mstage1.service.google.com
mstage1.service.google.com
mstage1.service.google.com
mstage1.service-int.google.com
mstage1.serviceint.google.com
mstage1.service-int.google.com
mstage1.service-int.google.com

But if you want to keep first column (ie remove what is after :) then use cut

user@host:~/Test$ cut -d ":" -f 1 ./input/file.txt
mstage1.service-ft.google.com
mstage1.service.google.com
mstage1.service.google.com
mstage1.service-int.google.com
mstage1.serviceint.google.com
mstage1.service-int.google.com


You might still have another desktop manager in your .xsession config.

cd /home/youruser
echo "gnome-session --session=ubuntu-2d" > .xsession
sudo /etc/init.d/xrdp restart

I've had a similar issue and this solved it.


Redirect from https domain to another https domain

You should add : Listen *:443 in your /etc/apache2/ports.conf and then restart apache. I think your problem is because, your apache doesn't run on port 443, but run only on port 80


help! strange netstat connections, wireshark shows redirects, think im infected

Those are very normal listening services running, nothing suspicious appears!

Explanation of those listening ports and sockets,

*:ssh is SSH server listening on 22  [accessible on ALL IPs]
*:http is Web Server listening on 80 [accessible on ALL IPs]
localhost:domain is DNS resovler listening on 53 [accessible locally] [safe]
localhost:ipp is cpusd (printing stuff) listening on 631 [accessible locally] [safe]
localhost:mysql is MySQL as it says listening on 3306      [accessible locally] [safe]
mdns and ntp are associated with DNS and Network Time.
All Unix sockets/stream also appears normal, these are commonly found sockets.

To check Live DNS Query  ( -i <2> interface number.)

tshark -D (To list interfaces)

time tshark -n -i 2 -R "dns.flags.response == 0" | tee ~/dns.log; wc ~/dns.log

less ~/dns.log (go through logs manually)

Though, I would recommend you to investigate more into network traffic, as you mentioned that you observed many DNS redirection, so to digg into more, check content transmitted, source/destination address and respective port, which should provide more insight on what exactly is causing redirection.


Something I don't understand about Epiphany

Epiphany uses a grid view interface since it is considered easier to use on a touchscreen.

From this source:

The tab bar might be gone, but we’ll still offer a convenient, and we think improved, way of switching between pages. All the currently and recently opened pages are visible in the overview (the new start page), and we’ll provide a way of switching between them with the mouse or keyboard shortcuts. You can see an early animated mockup of this in this video of the gnome design youtube channel

(the link has a video)

The manual has this to say about bookmarks:

add a bookmark: Select the menu at the top-right of the window, then Bookmarks ▸ Add Bookmark… or press Ctrl+D to add a bookmark.


Dropbox System Tray Icon Black Background

(Are you using nvidia drivers? from http://crunchbang.org/forums/viewtopic.php?id=38154&p=2, slightly updated)

This happens because nvidia driver overrode OpenGL library (libGL.so). This workaround works for me on kubuntu 14.04 [and linux mint 17].

1) close dropbox session

$ dropbox stop

2) find your nvidia system folder: in my systems it's /usr/lib/nvidia-331 (if you using another version of nvidia driver, for instance nvidia-340, your directory should be /usr/lib/nvidia-340). Take note of libGL.so.1 inside this folder

3) find dropbox system library. with dropbox 3.4.6 this is in the home directory.. the version number may change, and may have to be modified when you type it into the terminal

$ cd ~/.dropbox-dist/dropbox-lnx.x86_64-3.4.6/

4) backup your's dropbox OpenGL library:

$ mv libGL.so.1 libGL.so.1_backup

5) make symbolic link to nvidia's OpenGL library.:

$ ln -sf /usr/lib/nvidia-331/libGL.so.1 libGL.so.1

(so basically: ln -sf /usr/lib/nvidia-[VERSIONHERE]/libGL.so.1 ~/.dropbox-dist/[VERSIONHERE]/libGL.so.1

6) start up dropbox

$ dropbox start

Hopefully this helps, this worked for me. What it does is force dropbox to use the libGL installed on your system after nvidia overwrites it, by placing a symbolic link to the nvidia libGL in place of the one dropbox was installed with. After backing up the old dropbox libGL, of course.


What driver to choose on Dell XPS 13 9380?

This is not a matter of "choosing a driver".

Dell pre-installed some packages that are displayed there as a "drivers" for a "Device". That is not actually the case.

I suggest to leave it as is or consult Dell support.


Now was able to test with VM with ubuntu server 16.04. I created two virtual disks, each 20G in size, and partitioned appr. 10 GB each partition.
After creating RAID1 (/dev/md0 as /, /dev/md1 as /home) on sda1/sdb1 and sda2/sdb2 and installing, I added a third disk and partitioned in an equal way (sdc1 and sdc2, rsp.). The drive md1 should be grown. As you want to grow md2, replace md1 with md2 and sdc2 with whatever partition you have created on your third drive, in the following commands.

First, I added the partition to the raid:

$ sudo mdadm --add /dev/md1 /dev/sdc2

The third partition is added as "spare" (see the output of sudo mdadm --details /dev/md1) Next, I grew the RAID and changed the raid level as well in one call

$ sudo mdadm --grow --raid-devices=3 -l 5 /dev/md1

Now wait, as syncing takes some time. After syncing is done, you will see the changed raid device:

$ sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Tue Apr 18 13:58:59 2017
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 22392832 (21.36 GiB 22.93 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 11196416 (10.68 GiB 11.47 GB)
   Raid Devices : 3
  Total Devices : 3
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Tue Apr 18 15:52:23 2017
          State : clean
 Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 64K

           Name : testRaid:1  (local to host testRaid)
           UUID : a85a5ca8:17549f5d:7dc28c7b:e24bd25b
         Events : 136

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8        2        0      active sync   /dev/sda2
       1       8       18        1      active sync   /dev/sdb2
       2       8       34        2      active sync   /dev/sdc2
$

What you see now is that the raid level has changed to 5, and the "Array size" is now 20G. The "Used device size" still is 10G, as the filesystem is not automatically grown. This will be done with

$ sudo resize2fs /dev/md1

ext4filesystems may be grown online; with no size parameter, it is extended to the max. If you have other filesystem, look if resizing online is possible.

df -h now shows:

/dev/md1         21G     30M   20G    1% /home

I hope this helps. And remember: Always have a current and verified backup before playing around with disks and partitions!


How to autostart synergy on ubunutu 14.04?

You are making your life too difficult.

All I had to do:

dash search for "startup applications".

To auto start the client place this in the command box:

synergyc [<host name or ip address>]

For server:

synergys

However this will not autostart synergy prior to login.

Regarding auto-start see: https://askubuntu.com/a/196853/15811

  system Menu > Preferences > Startup Applications

This is Ubuntu prior to Unity so VERY old.


If you happen to use a computer which requires a static network setup (most use dhcp nowadays, but...), then you need to configure the bridge driver accordingly. That would be similar to the second example you posted.

The first (default one) would be the simplest-most case, where the machine get's its network from a DHCP server.


I cannot gain access to my atitesting.com account

(Using Firefox)

close all Firefox browsers
Right-click on the Firefox icon (on desktop)
Choose "Properties"
Choose "Compatibility"
Click "Run this program in compatibility mode for:"
Click on drop-down arrow
Choose "Windows XP (Service Pack 3)"


Update manager does not install updates anymore

Write in terminal:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

or you could

edit Update Manager settings

Click on the settings button in update manager and go to updates tab
make sure that recommended and important updates are ticked


I found that I was able to do this by following these instructions:

https://ask.libreoffice.org/en/question/19550/heading-for-endnotes-page/

The only trick: before highlighting the main body of the report plus notes section heading (as described at the above link), create a page break after the notes section heading and insert an empty section. Then go back and highlight up to the point of (and including) the notes section heading, and proceed as above. This has the result of placing the notes section as desired. I was then able to add references to the following page, using JabRef's referencing add-on to LibreOffice http://jabref.org/), without problems.

I've got a file here that I can share, but not quite sure how to do that... so below is a screenshot.


This is fairly simple to fix, all you have to do is to update the packages cache, you can do that by going to the "Software and updates" and making any small change, if you don't know what to do just uncheck something, enter your password and check it back again, you will be prompted to reload your packages.
Once done, you will be able to use Synaptic like normal again!


How do I navigate up one directory from the terminal?

cd .. will bring you back exactly one directory up.

You can string together those to go up multiple directories, e.g. up 3

cd ../../..

Instead of typing cd .. multiple times, what you could to is to place the function bellow into your .bashrc somewhere at the top, save .bashrc, and run source .bashrc or just close and reopen a terminal. Now, you have a function that does cd.. exactly how many times you told it to.

function goUp {
  num=$1
  while [ $num -ne 0  ];do
    cd ..
    num=$((num-1))
  done
}

Demo:

$ cd /usr/share/backgrounds/

backgrounds:$ goUp 2

usr:$

Alternatively:

goup(){
    cd $(n=$1 awk 'BEGIN{
        for(i=1;i<=ENVIRON["n"];i++)
            printf "../"}';)
}

Note that such method brings you back along the symlinks. Here's what I mean:

$ namei "$PWD"
f: /home/user/VirtualBox VMs/CentOS
 d /
 d home
 d user
 l VirtualBox VMs -> /mnt/ubuntu/vboxvms
   d /
   d mnt
   d ubuntu
   d vboxvms
 d CentOS

$ goup 2
$ pwd
/home/user

See also

What are directories, if everything on Linux is a file?
Why is the current directory in the ls command identified as linked to itself?


Copy files without losing file/folder permissions

You can make a tar archive of the source, copy that to the other computer using the USB drive, and extract it there. Tar preserves file permissions.

1 - On the source computer:

cd /path/to/folder/to/copy
tar cvpzf put_your_name_here.tar.gz .

2 - Copy put_your_name_here.tar.gz to the USB drive and then to the other computer

3 - On the destination computer:

cd /path/to/destination/folder
tar xpvzf put_your_name_here.tar.gz

tar will recreate the archived folder structure with all permissions intact.

Those commands will archive the contents of the source folder and then extract them into the destination folder. If you want to copy the folder itself, then you should, at step 1:

cd /path/to/parent/folder
tar cvpzf put_your_name_here.tar.gz folder_to_copy

The same mechanism could be used for single files.

If you can connect from one computer to the other using ssh, @siddharthart answer (rsync) might be more practical.


The only program that I know about, is called TurionPowerControl.  It hasn`t been fully tested yet, but if interested you can download and find more information here.


How do I change lock/login screen background on Ubuntu 18.04 with 2 displays

I figured out a way to extend wallpaper with 2 displays, by changing /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css as follow:
#lockDialogGroup {
  background: #2c001e
  url(file:///home/user/Pictures/Mojave.jpg);
  background-repeat: repeat;
  background-size: 1920px 1080px;
  background-position: 0 0; }

In my case, both of my display is 1080p.


Ubuntu 18.04 installation, 2nd large disk not used

Thanks very much to oldfred.  The article he listed did show me how to add a new home using the 180 GB partition on the 2nd or "data drive".  The continuation of the thread is here:  Ubuntu Moving Home Directory


Insert the pendrive, then in a terminal, run dmesg.

If your system in any way detected the device being connected, you should see something vaguely like (copied from Ubuntu docs):

[17197212.184000] usb 5-6: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 2
[17197212.420000] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
[17197212.420000] scsi2 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
[17197212.420000] usb-storage: device found at 2
[17197212.420000] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning
[17197212.420000] usbcore: registered new driver usb-storage
[17197212.420000] USB Mass Storage support registered.
[17197217.420000]   Vendor: WDC WD32  Model: 00JB-00KFA0       Rev: 0811
[17197217.420000]   Type:   Direct-Access                      ANSI SCSI revision: 00
[17197217.436000] usb-storage: device scan complete
[17197217.464000] Driver 'sd' needs updating - please use bus_type methods
[17197217.472000] SCSI device sda: 625142448 512-byte hdwr sectors (320073 MB)
[17197217.472000] sda: assuming drive cache: write through
[17197217.520000] SCSI device sda: 625142448 512-byte hdwr sectors (320073 MB)
[17197217.520000] sda: assuming drive cache: write through
[17197217.520000]  sda: sda1
[17197217.528000] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi disk sda
[17197217.540000] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0

If there is nothing mentioning USB activity after inserting it, I think this would imply the device is dead. However, you might see some output indicating that a device was detecting and why it was unable to be mounted, if it is an error condition Linux understands.

A very hot device that is unrecognised by windows and linux however sounds a lot like something has shorted out and there is not a lot you can do.


lvm reporting wrong size after gparted expansion - Ubuntu 14.01

The answer is in the last comment by Peter Lacis. See this:
http://www.geoffstratton.com/2013/08/resize-disk-ubuntu-lvm/

Basically, the partition has been resized, but you need to update the lvm and resize the file system.
So, if you've already resized the partition in GParted, then run lvmdisplay and note the "LV Name". Then run:

lvextend -l+100%FREE <lv-name>

Now resize the filesystem. For ext that would be:

resize2fs <drive>

where <drive> is something like "/dev/mapper/ubuntu--my--root".

Really, just go read the article and you'll understand better what is going on.


How can I tell if my Ubuntu kernel leap second bug free?

From the link above, I found the following comment by Herton R. Krzesinski (herton):

  Fixed already on Oneiric (3.0.0-24.40) and Precise (3.2.0-29.46), they didn't have a BugLink pointing here as the fixes were applied through stable updates, so no automatic status change to Fix Released.

This means that the kernel version for Ubuntu 11.10 with the fix is 3.0.0-24.40, and the kernel version for Ubuntu 12.04 with the fix is 3.2.0-29.46.


How do I get the zlib library and headers?

This should solve your problem.
$ sudo apt install zlib1g zlib1g-dev


ssh-tunneled SOCKS proxy connection refusals on Firefox 47.0 / Kubuntu 16.04

I have to use a proxy everyday at work in order to connect to servers on the other side of a firewall.  I also use Firefox, Chrome and Ubuntu 16.04.

EDIT:  I forgot one part of this.  I have had to add a timeout to a ssh config file or my tunnel will timeout and I lose my connection.  Once I added the following stuff, my connection stays open:

In ~/.ssh/config add the following information (if the file does not exist, create it.).  This will send a server keepalive to your tunnel every 15 seconds.

Host *
ServerAliveInterval 15

I open my tunnel connection with the following command:

ssh -CfND 1234 username@proxyhost

Then in Firefox under the Connection Settings in the Manual proxy configuration I only fill in the SOCKS Host: with 127.0.0.1 and Port: 1234.  Then I make sure that SOCKS v5 is selected.  Also note that I don't have anything in the No Proxy for: box.

I am able to connect to my hosts that way without any problems.

Then for Chrome I run a command line so I don't have to set the settings to Chrome every time I want to go through the proxy, then no proxy.  To connect Chrome to the proxy I run the following line:

nohup google-chrome-stable --proxy-server="socks5://127.0.0.1:1234" & > /dev/null 2>&1

from ssh manpage

 -C      Requests compression of all data (including stdin, stdout,
         stderr, and data for forwarded X11, TCP and UNIX-domain connec‐
         tions).  The compression algorithm is the same used by gzip(1),
         and the “level” can be controlled by the CompressionLevel option
         for protocol version 1.  Compression is desirable on modem lines
         and other slow connections, but will only slow down things on
         fast networks.  The default value can be set on a host-by-host
         basis in the configuration files; see the Compression option.

 -f      Requests ssh to go to background just before command execution.
         This is useful if ssh is going to ask for passwords or
         passphrases, but the user wants it in the background.  This
         implies -n.  The recommended way to start X11 programs at a
         remote site is with something like ssh -f host xterm.

 -N      Do not execute a remote command.  This is useful for just for‐
         warding ports.

 -D [bind_address:]port
         Specifies a local “dynamic” application-level port forwarding.
         This works by allocating a socket to listen to port on the local
         side, optionally bound to the specified bind_address.  Whenever a
         connection is made to this port, the connection is forwarded over
         the secure channel, and the application protocol is then used to
         determine where to connect to from the remote machine.  Currently
         the SOCKS4 and SOCKS5 protocols are supported, and ssh will act
         as a SOCKS server.  Only root can forward privileged ports.
         Dynamic port forwardings can also be specified in the configura‐
         tion file.

Hope this helps!


batch "convert" into jpg with nice alpha flatten

You could use a for loop:
for f in ./*.png; do convert "$f" -resize -background white -flatten "${f%.*}.jpg"; done

This will operate on every file with a name ending in .png in the current directory. Each go around on the loop, the matched filename is read into the variable $f; in order to massage this information into the output filename, the above command uses parameter substitution.

${var%Pattern} -- Remove from $var the shortest part of $Pattern that matches the back end of $var.
${var%%Pattern} -- Remove from $var the longest part of $Pattern that matches the back end of $var.


If you want to run it locally, create a desktop file in ~/.local/share/applications:

option 1:
Make sure the file is executable (in this case it is when you downloaded it).
Paste the text below in an empty textfile, fill in the right path to the script file (arduino), to the icon, the comment (optional) and the categories (optional):

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Arduino
Comment=Your comment here
Exec=/path/to/arduino/arduino
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=/path/to/icon/icon
Categories=

Save it as arduino.desktop in ~/.local/share/applications.

option 2:

As above, but create a directory ~/bin, and create a link there (ln-sf) to arduino. then simply change the Exec= -line in the desktop file to Exec=arduino.

After log out / in, Arduino will be avialable in Dash. Drag it on to the launcher if you want to run it from the launcher as well (or run it and right-click lock to launcher like you would with any other application.


Run rcp.statd without systemd (Ubuntu on Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL))

systemd ultimately just run binaries. So without systemd, you can the binaries directly.

If you need the binary to run the background. you can run it nohup.

If you need the process to be managed then you'll need another tool that can do things like start it on boot and automatically restart it if fails.


Ubuntu 14.04 Terminal on virtualbox maintenance

There are several things, that you can try:

Reboot (-> everytime you reboot, the /tmp directory gets cleaned).
Try to track down where your system consumed the most space. You can do it by issuing a du -h --max-depth=1 /. You will get a list of your root-fs directories along with the used disk space. If you spot, e.g. that in /home there is 7G stuff, call the same du command but for /home: du -h --max-depth=1 /home. Finally you will find out, where the most space gets lost.
If you don't want to create a new VM with more disk space, you can add a new virtual harddisk with more space and mount it to a directory that is consuming a lot of space. Normally /home or /opt would be a candidate, but it depends completely on your system and what you're doing with it. If you wan't to do that, try this tutorial here: https://howtobi.wordpress.com/2010/10/30/adding-a-additional-hard-disk-in%C2%A0virtualbox/


I assume that you have an unconditional  xhost in your ~/.bashrc.

The problem is that xhost tries to communicate with the X server that owns the current "X display".

CLI executions don't have a current "X display", thus the error message from xhost.

You can check for the existence of the pointer to the current "X display" the same was xhost does, only in bash, and before calling xhost:

if [[ -n "$DISPLAY" ]] ; then
    xhost
fi


Unable to install hw params usb xmos and alsa

Using the hw device disables all automatic sample format conversions.
(And aplay does not support FLAC files.)

The correct way to set the default card in asound.conf would be this:

defaults.pcm.card 0
defaults.ctl.card 0

However, card zero is the default one anyway; you don't need any asound.conf.


Mouse not working after xubuntu-desktop install

I figured it out. You can actually toggle the touchpad with a button on the keyboard. fn-F7 re-enabled the touchpad. I'm still having the graphics issues, but those belong in another thread.


How can I upgrade my 10.04. to new version

As said by mikewhatever above 10.10 is not supported anymore another reason is that when you upgrade to a Long Term Support release (LTS) like the 10.04 you get the option to upgrade straightaway to the next LTS release which is the 12.04.

For the problem about that the upgrade can't be calculated you need to remove added repositories. A thread at ubuntuforums is available that shows an example to this problem http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=12236020#post12236020


Grub will not install correctly with EFI on my Macbook Pro

When single-booting Ubuntu on an Intel-based Mac, my recommendation is to treat it as if it were an old BIOS-based PC, not an EFI/UEFI-based PC. To do so, you must figure out how to boot the installation medium in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode. When so booted, if you drop to a shell, you will not see a directory called /sys/firmware/efi; if that directory is present, you've booted in EFI mode. When you install in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode, the Ubuntu installer should set up MBR partitions and install a BIOS-mode boot loader, rather than the EFI-mode boot loader that it's trying to install now. Thereafter, when the computer boots, the presence of MBR partitions will activate the firmware's CSM, and the firmware will try to boot in BIOS mode when it fails to find an EFI-mode boot loader.

That said, if you want to persist in an attempt to install in EFI mode, I've recently seen an uptick in problem reports similar to yours. There seem to be a variety of causes and solutions, although difficulty accessing the ESP seems to be a common thread. It's unclear what your cause is, but you might want to check out:

16.04 new installation gives grub-efi-amd64-signed failed installation /target/ ubuntu 16.04 at the end
Ubuntu 12.04 --- grub-efi-amd64-signed failed to install into /target/
Ubuntu 16.10 Dual Boot error - 'grub-efi-amd64-signed' package failed to install
Ubuntu 14.04 install: grub-efi-amd64-signed failed to install into /target/

You might also want to try my rEFInd boot manager, either as a temporary way to boot your installation to fix it or as a replacement for GRUB. You can get CD-R or USB flash drive images of rEFInd on its downloads page and use the medium you create with that to boot your computer. Once you've booted Ubuntu, you can either try to install GRUB manually or install rEFInd to the hard disk using the PPA or Debian package version.


Black screen after hibernate on Macbook Air 2012

Ok after some months I found the trick. The i915 must be loaded early, so adding i915 to /etc/initramfs-tools/modules and updating the initramfs solves it.


Replacing my /home drive with a new drive

Try this:

Suppose the old home is /dev/sdc1 and de new home is /dev/sdd1

Open a terminal and run:

exec sudo -i
mkdir /media/hometemp
mount /dev/sdd1 /media/hometemp
cd /home
cp -ax . /media/hometemp
cd /
mv /home /home.old
mkdir /home
mount /dev/sdd1 /home
exit

If everything works, change the UUID in /etc/fstab to /dev/sdd1.


Can't add PPA? for y-ppa-manager on 17.04

I figured out that i needed to actually update my gnupg version.
I followed the instructions here and was able to do so.

Trying to compile gnupg from source

Here are the steps:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libldap2-dev gtk+-2 libbz2-dev

after unpacking the latest gnupg-2.1.X tarball and cd to the new folder, run the command:

sudo make -f build-aux/speedo.mk native INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local
sudo ldconfig

download the latest pinentry-0.9.5, run ./configure && make && sudo make install.

test it out:  gpg2 --version

After that you can add the PPA with

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager

Download the gnupg tarball from here


It doesn't appear to be a standard package. It certainly isn't in any of the standard repositories.

There is one PPA that I can find that provides it: https://launchpad.net/~upubuntu-com/+archive/gtk3

Obviously the standard stuff about PPAs applies. Your computer is only as secure as the software you run on it. PPAs are untrusted sources. Anyway, the choice is yours.


Install failed using Wubi under Windows 8

Wubi is not compatible with computers that come with pre-installed Windows8 (see the warning on the download page: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/windows-installer )

To install Ubuntu alongside Windows8, see the UEFI community page and this tutorial.


Need to concatenate the date and integer to get date time value

It could be done with simple string replacement like below using awk, but beware that this method is probably not too reliable if your format changes slightly or the input data is not valid.

awk -F, '/,/{printf "%s, %s, %s %02d:%02d, %s %02d:%02d\n",$1,$2,$1,int($3/100),$3%100,$1,int($4/100),$4%100}' YOUR_FILE.CSV

Or with the awk code formatted for better readability:

/,/ {
    printf "%s, %s, %s %02d:%02d, %s %02d:%02d\n",
           $1, $2,
           $1, int($3 / 100), $3 % 100,
           $1, int($4 / 100), $4 % 100
}

In plain English, this runs on every line that contains a comma (to avoid processing empty lines) and just prints out the respective column values (input is comma separated due to -F,) with the specified format:

1st column (date), comma, 2nd column (desc), comma,
1st column (date), 3rd column value / 100 (hour of timestamp1), colon, 3rd column value modulo 100 (minutes of timestamp1), comma
1st column (date), 4th column value / 100 (hour of timestamp2), colon, 4th column value modulo 100 (minutes of timestamp2)

The result on your input data in question would be

2016-01-01,  AAA, 2016-01-01 03:30, 2016-01-01 14:30
2016-01-02,  ABA, 2016-01-02 01:30, 2016-01-02 09:30


After trying to install desktop, cannot get to login

Actually all I needed to do was

dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

And change the display manager to lightdm


I solved my problem. Rather than trying to add the repository via the live CD, I just made a bootable flash drive with boot-repair.


You probably didn't disable UEFI before installing Ubuntu on a Windows 8 system.
First remove Wubi by following this link. Next fix the grub using boot repair. Check out the instructions on how to install Ubuntu on Windows 8 system and reinstall it.


sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine1.7

Source


Need restart lightdm at every startup - console login screen

Finally, I solved the problem by :

installing GDM: sudo apt-get install gdm
choosing it by default: When asked, choose GDM as your default X windows manager
restarting: sudo reboot
Reverting to lightdm as default X window manager: dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

Ps : firing the command dpkg-reconfigure lightdm without having installed GDM before didn't solve my problem. So try installing GDM before.


It seems more like a problem with your machine. It might be because it doesn't have enough power. I had this problem when I connected a powerful video card to my computer and wasn't able to start it normally until I put in a more powerful Power Supply.
I was actually able to power it with the weak Power Supply this way: Try to unplug the cable that goes into your Power Supply(a black cable), leave your PC for ~10-30 minute. I would like to tell you why but I don't know how it is called in English, but basically it has to discharge the electricity while unplugged, and no, pressing the power button while it is unplugged won't help discharge them.

Edit: P.S Sometimes 1 minute is enough too, just leave it for 10 minutes to be sure.


Dropbox reconnect on network connection established

Does it still happen if you just disconnect your network cable then reconnect without suspending?  If not, you may have a timing problem like the dropbox process already being suspended when the network goes down.  You could try putting a script into /etc/pm/sleep.d that explicitly takes down the network interface before suspending, maybe with a short sleep to give dropbox time to process the event.

If worse comes to worst you could always put a script in there to restart dropbox.  At least then you wouldn't have to do it manually every time.


Ubuntu not working properly, settings menu isn't working

Update:
I have read this: https://askubuntu.com/a/234657/1157519 and found that - in such case that you describe - instead of virtual consoles, using the recovery mode's root shell (illustrated guide here) may be a better idea.
The argument is that if your system is unstable, then your virtual consoles might also exhibit some degree of instability. The recovery root shell is designed to provide as much stablility as possible. So as long as the problem is solvable from the recovery root shell, that should be the choice.
With that said, here's info about virtual consoles:
In recent versions (of GDM), the virtual consoles are:
from ctrl+alt+F3 up to ctrl+alt+F6.
ctrl+alt+F1 is the graphical GDM login screen.
ctrl+alt+F2 is the actual graphical session (after having logged in).
ctrl+alt+F7 is unstable / unreliable, and not recommended.


help me understand files and blocks count on booting

This is the output of a filesystem check at boot for the /dev/sda1 partition. fsck (actually probably e2fsck if it's an ext4 filesystem, which is the default for modern Ubuntu installations) is the program which carries out the checks. This is set to happen after a configurable number of reboots, or after a certain time period. It can also be triggered if you had to switch your computer off without properly shutting down, such as if you had to shut down by holding the power button in.

The piece of information that is most relevant is the word 'clean', which indicates that everything's in working order. So there's nothing to worry about.

The files and blocks part of the output show how many of the available files and blocks are in use. The files part actually applies to inodes, which are the underlying filesystem location for a file. So you're using 116918 out of the 19275776 available files spaces, and 66284199 of the available 77094912 blocks.


AMD GPU-dkms not building in kernel 5.8/5.8-xanmod

While searching more about this topic. I came to know that you don't really need to install any proprietary drivers for the newer gen AMD Renoir graphics to work on any kernel >= 5.7, because the support already comes out-of-the-box.
So I just uninstalled amdgpu using amdgpu-uninstall and everything works fine now.

As suggested by @red_trumpet in the comments section, you can also install the driver without dkms with the command ./amdgpu-install --no-dkms. You can also specify an opencl installation using ./amdgpu-install --opencl=pal,legacy --no-dkms. I've tested this, and have been using this for two months now.
NOTE: This does not work with the pro version of the driver.


When I connect to VPN, I'm losing the Internet

Sounds like a DNS issue and that the VPN server is not properly set up to use any particular DNS server.

If you sre using openVPN, the server configuration file '/etc/openvpn/server.conf' might need to state DNS configurations.

My server configuration file contains following lines:

push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8"

push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4"

allowing DNS lookup from Googles servers.

Remember, if you alter this in the config file, you may have to restart the VPN server.


Marlin file manager doesn't launch due to libunity.so.6 missing

Not a very proper solution ...

  sudo ln -s /usr/lib/libunity.so.9 /usr/lib/libunity.so.6

... but it works as expected.


Can bootchart be configured to save only current log?

You could probably set a cron script to do that.

I assume (in this answer) the files are named bootchart.log.1 and so on.

Run crontab -e as the root user, select your editor and add into the end of the file:

@reboot /bin/sleep 60 && /bin/rm /var/log/bootchart/bootchart.log.*

Let's break it down

@reboot Tells cron to run on reboot.
/bin/sleep The command CRON runs. This is the x of the && statement.
60 The delay for sleep, in seconds.
&& Fancy Linux for "do y after x is done" as in x && y
/bin/rm The y of the && statement. It is the "delete" command of Linux.
/var/log/bootchart/bootchart.log.* The file to delete for rm. It says "delete all files beginning with bootchart.log. (note the dot at the end) in the folder /var/log/bootchart/

About the bootchart.log.*, a file named bootchart.log.1 or bootchart.log.bak orbootchart.log.old or bootchart.log.chicken will be deleted, but bootchart.log itself will not.


How can I keep a full-screen Chrome Flash player when Chrome loses focus? 13.04

This does not answer it, but my my workaround it is the zoom in to the video.

You can zoom in on the web page by hitting "Ctrl+++ on your keyboard. Likewise, you can zoom out by doing Ctrl+--.

I am curious to see if other people have any workarounds/Hacks.

Hope this helped.


cmake - how to set path to CUDA_cublas_LIBRARY?

You can try this:
cmake .. -DCUDA_cublas_LIBRARY=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcublas.so.9.1


Alternative printer driver for Fuji Xerox DocuPrint P205b?

foo2hbpl contains driver of p105b/p205b .

The website is http://foo2hbpl.rkkda.com/

I tested it in archlinux.

Works very smoothly with cups.

Enjoy it.


Wake up from sleep by only keyboard/mouse activity Ubuntu 18.04

Thanks a lot to  @PRATAP for help reaching this answer.

Install dconf-editor

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

Run it from terminal:

dconf-editor

Go to settings-daemon/plugins/power/sleep-inactive-battery-type.
Set Use default value to OFF, and Custom value to blank.

To get the same behavior when laptop is connected to power - go instead to
settings-daemon/plugins/power/sleep-inactive-ac-type, and do same as in 3.


How to use`xdg-open` or `gnome-open` in a virtual terminal.

Did you read man xdg-open, which says, in part:

xdg-open is for use inside a desktop session only.

The CTRL-ALT-F1 session is NOT "a desktop session:". To see the difference in the environments do env >env.desktop in your desktop, env >env.terminal in your CTRL-ALT-F1 session, then compare the files with diff env.terminal env.desktop


I haven't been able to get media keys working properly in Chrome, but I have a workaround for Google Play Music.

You can download Google Play Music Desktop Player and playerctl (both of which have *.deb packages).

Install both packages with dpkg or the graphical installer that ships with Ubuntu.

Then in your ~/.config/i3/config file, add the following bindings:

bindsym XF86AudioPlay exec playerctl play-pause
bindsym XF86AudioPause exec playerctl pause

Additional info if you're curious

playerctl only works for players that implement the MPRIS D-Bus Interface Specification, which Chrome doesn't. There is, however, a feature request to support the specification that you can view here:

https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=267590

At the time of writing it's been closed as Won't Fix due to inactivity. There is talk in the comments of re-opening, but I wouldn't hold my breath if I were you. :)


Specify multiple day event duration in calcurse

You need to replace 'x' with the amount of days/hours/minutes you want.
For example use +10d5h30m for 10 days 5 hours and 30 minutes.


Is it possible to pause phablet-dev-bootstrap command?

What you have to do is press Ctrl+C and stop the syncing.
When you are ready next time, just execute

  phablet-dev-bootstrap phablet -c

It should continue the repo sync from where it is stoped


How to update GIMP in Ubuntu 16.04 using snaps?

The latest version of the gimp package in the 16.04 repositories (which is 2.8.16-1ubuntu1.1) includes a fix for the XCF vulnerability (CVE-2016-4994). From the Ubuntu changelog:

gimp (2.8.16-1ubuntu1.1) xenial-security; urgency=medium

  * SECURITY UPDATE: multiple issues in XCF channel and layer properties
    - debian/patches/CVE-2016-4994.patch: properly clear pointers in
      app/xcf/xcf-load.c.
    - CVE-2016-4994

 -- Marc Deslauriers <marc.deslauriers@ubuntu.com>  Thu, 30 Jun 2016 12:40:34 -0400

Thus if you are only interested in this bug fix, and not in any other thing which was introduced in 2.8.18, there is no need to update your gimp package through other means.


How may I upload my source package with active ftp over dput to launchpad

That config file should get you attempting active FTP, if it doesn't, it may be a bug. Launchpad uploads over both passive and active work for me.

I recommend using sftp, its better all around.


Windows 8 doesn't appear in the bootloader after installing Ubuntu 13.04

You can download and install GRUB Customizer. Not simple to use, but it may help, and it's better than editing the Bootloader menu by hand :)

To download, open Software Center and search for grub customiser. Install this programme the when you run it, you will be presented with:

I do not have Windows, so I do not know what you need to add, but this should be a start.


You can remap your keys similar to this, I find default configuration hard to remember.
tmux.conf


Wireless driver not working for Broadcom BCM43224 after latest update

Please get a temporary ethernet connection and do:

    sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic
    sudo apt-get install --reinstall bcmwl-kernel-source
    sudo modprobe wl

You should be all set.


Ubuntu MDADM Raid 1 Accidental Zero Superblock

Should anyone find this post, and be in the same situation as me, I was able to fix my issue by using the following command:

sudo mdadm --create /dev/md0 --assume-clean --verbose --level=raid1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdX missing

Be sure to replace the 'sdX' with your own drive!


You'll see this message when a hard disk's S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) status begins to report a failure.

Modern disks have a set of tests and benchmarks as part of their S.M.A.R.T. profile and operating systems perform quick tests on them occasionally. When certain tests fall below their specified operating values, this is usually a sign that the disk is getting old and that its performance will likely quickly continue to deteriorate to the point where you suffer data loss or it just packs up and dies.

You can verify this through Disk Utility (sitting in System -> Administration). Find the disk, click SMART Data and you'll see a list of tests. Not all tests are performed automatically so you can manually set it to run a full test cycle but as soon as you see bad sectors or tests that are failing really poorly, the disk is as good as dead.

Obviously data loss is horrible so I can't recommend anything but moving everything off the disk right away. There is nothing to be gained from hanging onto the disk until it pops. It's better to be in control of the situation than have it jump on you when you're not expecting it.

I wouldn't even attempt a low-level format. If it's failing now, it's much more likely to start getting sector corruption in the future. In my mind, it's just not worth the risk.

Note: If it's still under warranty and you send it back, you will almost always (99.999% of times) get a different drive sent back. Diagnosing single drives is much more expensive than just bulk-refitting them. As a result you'll lose all your data in the process so get your data off now.


Installation Ubuntu 14.04/15.10/16.04 not working on MacBookPro 3,1 (Boot freezes on Purple Screen)

After searching and reading many forums, and testing many options i figured out my problems:

Because I could not boot from the internal disk I had to add the nomodeset to the /boot/grub/grub.cfg file. Then I could boot from the internal disk. (after the boot without the external SSD you can use update-grub So it fixes the grub.cfg properly. DON'T forget to add nomodeset to the /etc/default/grub file!)
But when I could boot from the internal disk I could not install the video driver (nvidia). After searching some forums the problem is that the BIOS config could not be reat/written by the EFI partition.
The solution to this problem is written in this tutorial here
With GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=1440x900 in the /etc/default/grub file the tty's and splash screens wil run in the correct resolution.

After some little fixes my MacBookPro 3,1 is running only Ubuntu 16.04 with the proprietary tested nvidia drivers that Ubuntu serves.

Me Very happy


If you want to use 3rd party unsigned kernel modules, you need to disable Secure Boot in BIOS settings.


How does wifi connection open before I login?

As @gertvdijk stated, the WiFi passwords are not saved in your keyring. It will not be unlocked unless you enter your password, so it is safe :-)

You can however change the behavior of the connections. If you go to Edit Connections... in the networking menu and edit a connection, there is an option on the General tab called All users may connect to this network. If you uncheck it, it will not connect before you log in. As far as I know, in this case the password is not saved in your keyring either.


Any good sites explaining how to use PiTiVi?

Did you take a look at the PiTiVi manual ?


When you click on save as, on the lower left corner you will get some encodings to choose from, choose add and remove (the last entry) and you will get to a list of available encodings including various unicode encodings.


How do I kill a process without knowing its process ID?

to kill a process proc type:

pkill proc

If you dont know the name of proc you can type

pkill pr

and hit tabular. You will get a list of all processes running and beginning with pr


What are the default permissions of directories in home (Desktop, Downloads, etc.)

Best to run this:
sudo chmod -R a+rwX,o-w /home/$USER

All directories will be 775.
All files will be 664 except those that were set as executable to begin with.
$USER is your name which normally is a system variable.
echo $USER

This discusses one specific error, but also has the suggested defaults.
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/dmrcErrors
More info on permissions:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions
Ubuntu Home directories were created with 755 permissions but will be dropped to 750 with 21.04,  now to prevent new home directories from being readable by other users on the system.
sudo chmod -R a+rwX,o-rw /home/$USER

Example showing one file, default in 20.04, change to similar to 21.04 & change back:
fred@z170-focal-k:~$ touch temp.txt
fred@z170-focal-k:~$ ll *.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 fred fred     0 May 19 09:11 temp.txt
fred@z170-focal-k:~$ sudo chmod  sudo chmod -R a+rwX,o-rw /home/$USERa+rwX,o-rw /home/$USER/temp.txt
[sudo] password for fred:
fred@z170-focal-k:~$ ll *.txtsudo chmod -R a+rwX,o-rw /home/$USER
-rw-rw---- 1 fred fred     0 May 19 09:11 temp.txt
fred@z170-focal-k:~$ sudo chmod  a+rwX,o-w /home/$USER/temp.txt
fred@z170-focal-k:~$ ll *.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 fred fred     0 May 19 09:11 temp.txt

sudo chmod -R a+rwX,o-rw /home/$USER


How to configure apt to access a deb repository over ssh?

Works. I have removed the user from the deb repository definition in source.list:

  deb ssh://33.33.33.16:/ precise main

and I specify the IdentityFile in /home/root/.ssh/config as suggested in this post


You should be able to get the icons from the gnome-icon-theme git repository.

Adapted installation instructions from WebUpd8:

Install git (if you don't have it
already).
Then run git clone git://git.gnome.org/gnome-icon-theme
You have to compile the icon theme using the standard ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr, ./configure, make, make install or sudo make install.


Some Ubuntu 18.04 pre-installed apps don't launch

There is something common about the applications you mentioned, viz. Calculator, Characters, System Monitor and System Logs, they are all pre-installed as snap applications instead of in the traditional way (from .deb packages via dpkg/apt). Snap packages are deployed by a package management system called 'snappy' built by Canonical Ltd.

Since you are having this trouble with these specific applications and the fact that the following fixes the issue

  I usually delete them and install the same app but with a higher rating (stars) in the software centre.

("the same app but with a higher rating (stars)" is the almost always, if not always, the traditional counterpart of a snap application in the Software centre, snap applications tend to show various issues due to the way they're deployed and their restrictive security features), it is most likely an issue with snaps on your system. Since there is no technical detail provided, it's hard to say what exactly the problem is. It can be any of various possible reasons, e.g. snapd is not installed or corrupted, your PATH is not set up properly for snaps etc.


Gedit does not auto-highlight .x10 files

If X10 files are not highlighted by default you can activate Snippets plugin. I assume you have set the .lang file under /usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/language-specs. From plugin you can activate x10 highlightniing by shortcuts or snippet name followed by Tab key. I am not sure what Drop target option is for, nevertheless there is no way make it auto-detect IMHO.

I know this is not what you've been looking for but it will ease the trouble :)


I had to install kio-extras to get SFTP capability in Kate.


Complete uninstall of ubuntu 18.04 before reinstalling 20.04

The easiest would have been to run the installer from the live USB of Ubuntu 20.04. There is an option to replace an existing instance of Ubuntu.
If you do not see that option, then the easiest may be to delete the Ubuntu partition altogether using the Windows tools. Then, in the installer, you can choose to use the available space. The installer then automatically will create the partition for the new installation in the empty space.
In all cases, the Grub menu will be updated automatically based on the operating systems found on the disk after installing Ubuntu 20.04. So the old version of Ubuntu will be removed from the boot menu.


You should remove the packages that give you errors, and then retry:

sudo apt purge python3-aptdaemon.pkcompat
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade # to make sure that any remaining packages get updated

After that, you should also do

sudo apt autoremove

to remove any stale package that is no more needed in the new version.

As always, it might help to do

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt --fix-broken install

again after apt update works correctly.


Install nvidia-settings :

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current-updates nvidia-settings-updates

Then In terminal :

gksu nvidia-settings

Type your password .


Using TP-LINK TL-WR1043ND wireless routers USB Printer under linux

Taken from TP-Link's site. (Start at step 5) - This is for a different router, but it may work for yours as well.

Quick summary of what it says:

Add a new printer
Select LPD/LPR Host or Printer
Type IP address of your router
Choose the driver of the printer (you may have to install the driver, or test if the drivers are available by plugging the printer into your ubuntu computer)
Give it a name and press Apply


How can I re-instate my admin privileges?

Hold SHIFT right after BIOS posts.  That should get you into the GRUB menu regardless of whether your GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set to zero or not.

From the GRUB menu, select your most recent kernel tagged with "(recovery mode)".  Once that finishes loading, you should be presented with a menu that has an option to "drop to root shell prompt".  You might have to arrow-down to see it.

That should get you to the command line as the root user.  From there you should be able to re-add yourself as a sudo user.  Note that you might have a read-only filesystem at that point.  If so, run the below command:

mount -o remount,rw /


LibreOffice Writer - How to totally delete table borders?

These "borders" are called grid lines. They are non-printable helping lines. You can toggle their visibility under View --> Gridlines for sheet.

But there really is no reason to do so, if you only care about print output.


Laptop connection to monitor via HDMI port not working on 18.04

Reboot the computer while the HDMI cable is not plugged in, then plug it in.


Apache2 Virtual host: granting permission

There you have it. Your primary group is not admin, but users (GID 100).

You can either:

leave the group empty (to use your primary group)
Use the id command to obtain your primary group or GID
or, as I suggested earlier, use www-data as the group, especially if you want the web server to be able to write to that directory. This is what I would recommend. See How to avoid using sudo when working in /var/www?

In order:

sudo chown $USER: ...
sudo chown $USER:$(id -gn) ...
sudo chown $USER:$(id -g) ...
sudo chown $USER:www-data ...


You didn't mention were you stuck. I successfully installed Calibre on 16.04. The procedure depends on the version you  have and on  the OS.

If you prefer a stress-less installation and you use your machine only for EDA stuff, use RedHat or Fedora. Do you have a dl?


How to quickly open an application in Lubuntu?

You have 3 options, Synapse, Kupfer or GNOME Do.

Synapse is a graphical launcher enabling you to start applications and also
to quickly find and access relevant documents and files (by making use of the
Zeitgeist engine).

sudo apt-get install synapse

Kupfer is a summoner/launcher in the style of Quicksilver or GNOME Do. It
can search and browse your files, launch desired applications and object
you need in a quicker way.

sudo apt-get install kupfer

Gnome Do Allows you to quickly search for many items present in your
GNOME desktop environment (applications, Firefox bookmarks, files,
artists and albums in Rhythmbox, Pidgin buddies,  etc.) and perform
commonly used actions on those items (Run, Open, Email, Chat, Play, etc.).

Although GNOME Do primarily targets the GNOME desktop, it also works
under other desktop environments.

sudo apt-get install gnome-do

You may find synapse more eyecandy, kupfer is the one that needs less dependencies if that worries you. Gnome Do has also a plugin to be used as dock (not enabled by default) but needs hardware acceleration for it.

All three use or adapt to your current gtk theme so they all look fine.


Problem with installing Ubuntu 12.04 lts while having windows 7 already on laptop

Create a new drive with free space and then use tools such as Universal USB installer(available here ) to create a bootable disk. Then restart the system and open bios settings and set the boot priority to external disk and save the settings and restart and then install the Ubuntu.


You will need to follow the steps as detailed in this post: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=38300214&postcount=104 .

Quoting the original post:

Requirements: You'll need MultiROM installed with recovery from at least 22nd of February. You can find downloads and installation instruction in in MultiROM's thread (post #2 on this page: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2011403), as soon as you have it all installed, come back to this post.
Free space needed: a little over 1 GB.
Downloads: You'll need two ZIP files from this daily build page. a) Base system: raring-preinstalled-armel+grouper.zip (~32 MB). b) Ubuntu data: raring-preinstalled-phablet-armhf.zip (the biggest one, ~372 MB)
Installing base: Reboot to recovery and got to Advanced->MultiROM. Select "Add ROM" option. Choose these settings: a) Choose ROM type: Android/Ubuntu touch. b) Share kernel with Internal ROM: Don't share. c) Install location: Wherever you wish to install it.
Click Next, then select ZIP file as ROM source, and choose the smaller ZIP file with base system (raring-preinstalled-armel+grouper.zip). Proceed with installation. Do not reboot after installation! Installing on USB: if you get to screen which wants you to "Set up the size of disk images", set the size of data.img to something bigger - 1500mb should be enough.
Installing Ubuntu data: Select List ROMs in MultiROM menu in recovery, then select the ROM you've just created (probably named something like Ubuntu_Touch...) and choose Flash ZIP option. Select the bigger ZIP file (raring-preinstalled-phablet-armhf.zip) and flash it. Beware, this ZIP file then can't be used to flash Ubuntu without MultiROM, as it is modified in the process to suit MultiROM needs.
Profit: Ubuntu touch developer preview is now installed. Keep in mind that this really is just a preview, so pretty much nothing will work. Looks good though.


'libfakeroot:amd64' is missing final newline

Check if your disk is full. If not do:

$ sudo apt-get clean
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install --reinstall libfakeroot
$ sudo apt-get upgrade

That will clean the cache area, then get the package list, reinstall libfakeroot and then try the upgrade.


Why doesn't the Gnome Tweak Tool change the desktop fonts?

Reading @Pisu's comment on the linked answer (for 11.10), it looks like you need to have the package gnome-shell installed for this to take effect. You can still use Unity, just grab the additional packages from the Software Center.


Accidently deleted my /etc/default folder

Just boot from Ubuntu live disk and copy the /etc/default directory(live disk) to the /etc directory(Resides in the partition where Ubuntu is actually installed)

sudo mkdir /media/os
sudo mount /dev/sdaX /media/os   # Mounting the root partition on /media/os directory.
sudo cp -Ri /etc/default /media/os/etc
sudo umount /dev/sdaX

Shutdown and boot from your Hard-disk. Hope it will work.


Virtualbox installation - wants media/cdrom but my Ubuntu intalled from USB

There is an option in Virtualbox of using a raw disk. Details can be found here...
http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch09.html#rawdisk

This is what you're looking for out of that page...

VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename /path/to/file.vmdk
  -rawdisk /dev/sda


If the software has indeed been removed then "log out" and back in. This should start a new session. If then you don't have the "Unity" ......Ctrl+Alt+F2 then log in and type this unity --replace  now Ctrl+Alt+F7 and return to your desktop.


I have a success story (thank to Night Str)!
The same hardware. The same situation after sleep mode.
First of all get root privileges:
$ sudo su -

Than discover your devices:
# lspci -vvv
...
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Device 02c8 (prog-if 80)
        Subsystem: Xiaomi Device 1963
        Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
        Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
        Latency: 32, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
        Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 148
        Region 0: Memory at c4214000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
        Region 4: Memory at c4000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M]
        Capabilities: <access denied>
        Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
        Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel, snd_sof_pci
...

So, my device id is 00:1f.3. Let`s check it:
# ls /sys/bus/pci/devices/ | grep 00:1f.3
0000:00:1f.3

Here is the trick:
# echo 1 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1f.3/remove
# echo 1 > /sys/bus/pci/rescan

The first command disconnects the driver from the device and detaches the device from the tree. The driver (snd_hda_intel) is not unloaded, just disconnected.
The second command rescans pci devices.
As result, sound appears back.


Ubuntu mount points for new installation SSD and Secondary HDD

Since the most of the aplications are installed in /bin and /usr/bin, you should mount them on secondary HDD drive. Because /usr/bin, /usr/lib and /usr/share takes the most space of the entire /usr, you can also mount /usr. However, mounting these partitions will slow down your computer(start up of aplications), since they are now moved to the slower HDD.


vnc service for ubuntu 18.04, no background and menus

I also suffered from this problem (with LXDE & lxpanel) long time ago.
It causes by panel start before the X display on VNCserver.
try delay gnome-panel by create 'gnome-panel-delay' script on same /usr/bin with following
!/bin/sh
sleep 4 && gnome-panel
exec gnome-panel-delay instead of gnome-panel in ~/.vnc/xstartup or setting under ~/.config


As you can see in this Unix.SE Q&A setuid-bit-seems-to-have-no-effect-on-bash

  bash detects that it has been started SUID root (UID!=EUID) and uses its root power to throw this power away, resetting EUID to UID

More details in the linked answer


Why am I getting this error when trying to add a new site in Apache?

Isn't it the space in DocumentRoot /home/dan/Documents/Website Design/helheimr?

There are two arguments:

/home/dan/Documents/Website
Design/helheimr.

Maybe just rename Website Design to WebsiteDesign, adjust the Apache config file, and reload Apache config file.


Is there an option in ubuntu to connect to a network even if it's not broadcasting its SSID?

To connect to a hidden wireless network:
1. Click on NetworkManager in the top panel.
2. Select Connect to a hidden wireless network. Ubuntu will then open
the “Connect to Hidden Wireless Network” window.
3. In the Network name field, enter the name of the network. This is also
known as the ssid (Service Set Identifier). You must enter the name exactly
how it was given to you. For example, if the name is “UbuntuWireless,”
entering “ubuntu-wireless” will not work as the “U” and “W”
are both uppercase in the correct name.
4. In the Wireless security field, select one of the options. If the network
is an open network, leave the field set to “None.” If you do not know the
correct setting for the field, you will not be able to connect to the hidden
network.
5. Click the Connect button. If the network is secure, you will be prompted
for the password. Provided you have entered all of the details correctly,
the network should then connect, and you will receive an on-screen
notification informing you that the connection was a success.
As is the case with visible wireless networks, hidden wireless network
settings will be saved once a connection is made, and the wireless network
will then appear in the list of saved connections.


You can use
find strats/ -type f -name '*.py' -exec wc -l {} +

for individual counts for each file; or
find strats/ -type f -name '*.py' -exec cat {} + | wc -l

for a single aggregate count of lines over all the files.


Why is unattended-upgrades activated by default?

Another way to disable unattended upgrades is to

Edit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-updates and set "Unattended-Upgrade" to "0".

APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "0";


Driver problems with NVidea Geforce GO 6600 on ubuntu 12.04

To install/Update Nvidia card drivers open Terminal.  Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the commands below:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

  When installation complete restart your PC. Now to check the
  installation is successful Press Window/Super key and type: nvidia x
  server settings and open it.1

1Source:Keep your Nvidia drivers up to date


Laptop mini DisplayPort issue - external monitor does not detect on 16.04

I have the same laptop as well with 3 monitors (including the build-in) using the nouveau drivers, nvidia-361.41 that comes with ubuntu 16.04 does seems working pretty well especially with the mini display port.
Which display drivers are you using?.
Have you try the HDMI port instead?
Another solution may try add a new mode by yourself by using xrandr:
xrandr --listmonitors

detect your monitor name usually the monitors attached in the mini display ports named as DVI-D-1-1 (at least in mine L521X):
xrandr --newmode MyNewNode ...

check the manual for the other arguments and then add the new mode at the right output:
xrandr --addmode DVI-D-1-1 MyNewNode

it going to detect the mode automatically when you plug the display or you can explicitly set the mode but better be careful with that:
xrandr --output DVI-D-1-1 --mode MyNewMode


Any Rhythmbox plugin for grooveshark out there?

There is none. Grooveshark is mainly driven by ads. Using it from somewhere other than their website won't give them any revenue.


Cannot install rpm package on Ubuntu 11.10 -- needs libc.so.6

You can try the package alien to convert it to a deb package and then use sudo dpkg -i packagename.deb or GUI based GDebi Application Installer to install it. They should report you package-wise unmet dependencies.


For how much data each uses, you can use darkstat --

sudo apt-get install darkstat. You will have to edit the config file /etc/darkstat/init.cfg to match your system specification.


Installing python3.7 alongside python3.6 in ubuntu 18.04

On my 18.04 system, I installed python3.7 by running the following commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3.7

Now, when I run the following command:

python3 -V

I get the following response:

Python 3.6.8

However, when I run the following command:

python3.7 -V

I get the following response:

Python 3.7.3

It seems that 3.7 is available but 3.6.8 is still the default.


I'd suggest Alex Launi's answer, but with one tweak: enable Window Title Display.

Open CompizConfig Settings Manager
Enable module called Text
Find module called Scale Addons
Switch to tab Appearance
Open the Window Title drop-down
Switch Window title display parameter to All windows. You might want to increase font size also.

After this tweak the double-click on the launcher icon should suit your needs.


It sounds like you have the original xorg driver for the card. use sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree to install some of the nvidia proprietary drivers and enable them with the special software dialog in the software sources window in the software center.


N.N. is correct, but let me give you an example:

When a version of Ubuntu is released and is considered stable the stable release updates just don't get uploaded into the archive. So let's say a piece of software needs an update, after they go through the stable release update process they get uploaded to the "proposed" pocket. (Step 4 in the linked document):

  Upload the fixed package to release-proposed with the patch in the bug report, a detailed and user-readable changelog, and no other unrelated changes.

Here's a list of what some of the updates look like. Then the people who have enabled the proposed section (including the person that uploaded it) test it, this usually takes about a week, sometimes less.

After that the update is pushed via the normal update channel and you get it via the update manager. Basically it's just a place to test updates before they hit the general public.

More info:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates


The messenger "viber" switches dpms off during video chats.


Why after ticking Automatically connect to VPN the Ethernet is not activated automatically anymore?

There is a good answer regarding this question (it's due to a bug) and a workaround in
this thread


Setting cron to run a shell script: random wallpaper from a webpage

This is happen because cron uses only a very restricted set of environment variables. The only one environment variable that is responsible for running in the right way the script from the question when this is set as a cron job is DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS.

So, you must to export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS environment variable in your script. See more explanations in my answer here.

In the end, your script should look like:

#!/bin/bash

PID=$(pgrep gnome-session)
export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=$(grep -z DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS /proc/$PID/environ|cut -d= -f2-)

countervar=1;
finish=0;
cd /home/guinness/.rwallpaper/
if [ -f counter ]
then
    countervar=`cat counter`
fi

for (( i=$countervar; c<=2000000; i++ ))
do
   echo $i > "counter"
   if [ ! -f wallpaper-$i.jpg ]
   then
    wget "http://wallpapers.wallbase.cc/rozne/wallpaper-$i.jpg"

    if [ -f wallpaper-$i.jpg ]
    then
        gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "file:///home/guinness/.rwallpaper/wallpaper-$i.jpg"
        exit
    fi
   fi
done


Optimal version of Linux for T61 laptops

Ubuntu with unity desktop might be a little heavy on that computer making it sluggish. That laptop comes standard with anywhere between 512mb - 2gb of RAM. If you are on the lower end I would recommend Lubuntu, or possibly Xubuntu. If that is the t61-P version it will have double the standard video 128mb RAM making it 256 with a slightly faster gpu core. If you have the P version and want regular Ubuntu desktop I think its a safe try. If it is not the P version you might want to start off with Lubu or Xubu. The latest 15.xx versions should work just fine any way your go.

There should be no need to change the bios or bios settings on that specific laptop to run Linux.


Try these things :

1 . Check if the ISO image your copied over to flash-drive is NOT corrupted.

[Hint : You could get the MD5 Hash code from the download page of Ubuntu. And then you have to check if that matches with your downloaded ISO. You have to calculate Your ISO's hash for that. You can do that by:

$ md5sum .iso

If both codes are matching, your ISO is OK. There can be a problem with your flash drive, or the copy of ISO on it.
Then,

2 . Either try using another flash-drive, or use another program to make your USB-stick bootable.

[You can use `dd' (Search for it)]


In my experience skype works pretty well without issue. If you want to use google's version you can download the chrome browser for linux here: https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/?platform=linux


How to Install Windows 7 with Ubuntu 12.04 (Ubuntu Pre-Installed)

Install Windows in the partition that you have set aside. Windows will install it's own bootloader and that's ok. Two ways to fix the bootloader include:

Easy BCD: This is a great tool for editing the boot menu. You don't have to pay for it (I would recommend donating though...) and it works well. This is a preferable option if you need to get a dual boot working with the Windows bootloader. I haven't tried to edit GRUB with it, but I think there's that option.

Boot-Repair: Boot up your system with an installation disk and choose the Try Ubuntu option. Add the repository, install boot-repair and it will give you some powerful options for modifying GRUB. boot-repair instructions can be found here: boot-repair

I would recomend the Easy BCD route. I've had the most success with it and it's pretty simple to figure out. That's all I got, so good luck and have fun :D


To change the hue and make it "stick":
1. go to "Tools->Preferences"
2. click "Show settings->All" (lower left corner)
3. expand "Video" & click on "Filters"
4. enable "Image properties filter" under "Video filter module"
5. expand "Filters" & click on "Image adjust"
6. set hue to your preference and press "Save"
7. restart vlc
8. ??!...
9. profit!

boy, i never thought i'd need to figure this one out.

To set VLC as default player for AVIs:
1. On an avi file right click and go to "Properties" then to the "Open With" tab
2. select "VLC media player"
3. ...more profit!


build-essential is not installed by default in 18.04. How to install network drivers offline?

Nobody answered the question, so I'll try to post my suggestions that are not perfect.

One comparatively easy way to solve this problem is to connect temporarily to the internet using an Android phone or some other device. Then it is possible to install the driver a normal way.

Another way is to install dkms from an Ubuntu installation media. All required dependencies are there in pool directory. If you download all deb packages from there to Ubuntu Home directory, it will be possible to install all packages by sudo dpkg -i *.deb.

There must be a way to connect the Ubuntu installation media as a repo and install dkms using apt install. But I don't know how to do it.


Install xdotool. The package has a getmouselocation tool to give the coordinates of the mouse.

Install xdotool, with the following cmd:

sudo apt-get install xdotool

To get the location of the mouse, use:

 xdotool getmouselocation

And also try:

watch xdotool getmouselocation


Crashes when using gnome tweak tool with Gnome 3.4

If you try running it from an terminal and you get this error:

(gnome-tweak-tool:4506): GLib-GIO-ERROR **: Settings schema 'org.gnome.shell.extensions.user-theme' is not installed
Trace/breakpoint trap (core dumped)

Then you can run the following two commands from a terminal to add the schema to the system:

sudo cp $HOME/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/user-theme@gnome-shell-extensions.gcampax.github.com/schemas/org.gnome.shell.extensions.user-theme.gschema.xml /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas
sudo glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas

To run gnome-tweak-tool from the command line start Terminal and just type:

gnome-tweak-tool

And press enter


maybe my answer from https://askubuntu.com/a/140945/65352 will be useful to you:

Essentially, since I dual boot with Windows, I am always presented with the option of "Prior ubuntu version recovery mode".

So I chose that
chose the latest version in following screen
Chose "dpkg" to fixbroken packages and let the installation continue clicking yes whenever prompted.

That ended up fixing the issue and I am able to use my computer now without re-installing.  So just to be clear, now I have 12.04 and since I didn't rollback, this is not really an answer for this question but I hope it is useful to someone facing the same situation


Trying to install 'Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-5.1.22-115126.vbox-extpack' with returning error

You're trying to install an extension pack for VirtualBox 5.1.22, and your installed version of Virtualbox is 4.3.36.

Either

install the correct extension pack for your version or
remove all traces of Virtualbox 4.3.36 and install the most current version of Virtualbox 5.1.22 and then the extension pack that you downloaded earlier.

sudo apt-get purge virtualbox virtualbox-dkms virtualbox-qt


I suspect that the Live USB is not properly formatted. Try using rufus with the dd option.


For some time now there has been a UPnP plugin based on Coherence(Now grilo) for Rhythmbox. It allows Rhythmbox to access UPnP/DLNA MediaServers on the network and will also export the Rhythmbox music collection to other UPnP/DLNA MediaRenderers such as the Sony Playstation 3.

Fist add grilo ppa:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:grilo-team/ppa
sudo apt-get update

Then You can install it using

sudo apt-get install grilo grilo-plugins

Then go to pluings->grilo media browser. And configure it.

See more details here:

http://bernaerts.dyndns.org/linux/74-ubuntu/240-ubuntu-precise-upnp-dlna-client

http://coherence.beebits.net/wiki/RhythmBox


try this one:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt-get install python3.5-dev

I found this at: Install Tensorflow 1.8.0 with GPU from source on Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver, hope this work for you :)


How to add .sh extension to script files in Linux

You can do it like so:
for f in *
    do
    grep "Bourne-Again shell" <(file "$f") >/dev/null && echo mv "$f" "$f".sh
    done

Run the code above from within the directory containing your script files and remove echo when satisfied with the output to do the actual renaming.

Notice:
xargs is not the best fit for this operation, but if you insist then it can be done the ugly way like so:
file * | grep "Bourne-Again shell" | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | rev | cut -c 2- | rev | xargs -I {} -n1 echo mv {} {}.sh

Run the code above from within the directory containing your script files and remove echo when satisfied with the output to do the actual renaming.


Ubuntu 14.04 VM kernel panics once every ~5-9 days on Hyper-V

I made this experience with some specific kernel version. Upgrading to newer kernel version or going back to older kernel version fixed it for me.


LibreOffice is the most obvious example of a default program in Ubuntu that is written in Java and is not a software development tool.

LibreOffice is Ubuntu's default office suite. (It is a fork of OpenOffice.org, which was previously Ubuntu's default office suite and is also written in Java.)


Gnome-Voice-Control

Developed as part of Google Summer of Code 2007, this was an idea to develop some features that will improve the usability in the Gnome Desktop.

  The goal is to implement a Desktop Voice Control System. The system
  consists in an application that will be monitoring the audio
  input(microphone) and when a significant audio signal has been
  detected, the software catches, processes and recognizes the signal
  and then executes the desired action over the Gnome Desktop. In a set
  of actions could include maximize, minimize, close the active window;
  open a specific program; switching from one desktop to another; among
  others. GnomeVoiceControl is implemented in C in conjunction with CMU
  Sphinx, which is an open source tool, created to convert speech to
  text.

Slide-show by the authors

Unfortunately it looks like it has not developed much beyond the basic "goals" - however there does appear to be some activity adding support for new languages such as Bulgarian and Turkish this year.

To install:

sudo apt-get install gnome-voice-control

Platypus

There is an interesting looking project call platypus - basically is a linux front-end to Dragon Naturally Speaking which runs in Wine.

The claim-to-fame for this application is "it can even launch Windows or Linux programs and scripts, e.g. "start terminal".

VEDICS

This is a newish project that says it works with the Unity interface.

The project page says it recognises "run [program name]" - so in theory you [program name] could be any script you want to run.


First, note that /regexp/ is shorthand for $0 ~ /regexp/.
In the $0 ~ /regexp/ form, you can replace /regexp/ (in which the thing between slashes is a string constant) by a computed regexp using string concatenation:
$0 ~ spke "[[:space:]]="

where spke is the awk variable that you initialized on the command with -v spke="myvariable"


Disk drive boot problem: The disk drive for /tmp is not ready yet or is not present!

Try this.  Just press Ctrl + Alt + T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo mv /tmp /tmp_old
sudo mkdir /tmp
sudo chmod 1777 /tmp

Reboot, and it should be OK.


add these to your sources.list file

 deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu oneiric partner
 deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu oneiric partner

then

 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk/ppa
 sudo apt-get update

and finally

 sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk

if you just want java compiler then download one from oracle accept and download it
then open terminal and install it

sudo sh jdk-7u51-nb-7_4-linux-ixxx.sh

and follow these steps


How do I limit Dropbox's activity on the hard disk?

Complementing the answer of Carlos D. Barranco, you can edit the launcher file located in /usr/share/applications/dropbox.desktop and permanently set a low priority start for dropbox.

In my case, it was also useful to limit the processor usage of dropbox. You can install package cpulimit: # apt-get install cpulimit

For example, to limit dropbox up to 20% processor usage: # cpulimit -b -e dropbox -l 20

In order to configure both low IO and low processing for dropbox automatically with the system launch, edit /usr/share/applications/dropbox.desktop and replace dropbox start -i by ionice -c 3 dropbox start -i && cpulimit -b -e dropbox -l 20

Command ionice will set idle priority for IO access and the parameter -l of cpulimit configures the processing limit in percentual values. More information on cpulimit can be found in: http://www.nixtutor.com/linux/changing-priority-on-linux-processes/


In a terminal, execute:

ldd /path/to/your_executable

Example:

~$ ldd /bin/ls
        linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007fff78fea000)
        libselinux.so.1 => /lib/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007f1940858000)
        librt.so.1 => /lib/librt.so.1 (0x00007f1940650000)
        libacl.so.1 => /lib/libacl.so.1 (0x00007f1940447000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007f19400c4000)
        libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f193fec0000)
        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f1940a99000)
        libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f193fca2000)
        libattr.so.1 => /lib/libattr.so.1 (0x00007f193fa9d000)


How does Unity's dash index and search work?

Unity makes use of Zeitgeist in its dash where it provides the user with easy access to its most and recently used data (files/folders/applications) as well as searching over the Zeitgeist FTS (Full Text Search) extension.

There is more development going on to bring the same features to a contacts dash where the user can browse his contacts by most/recently used.

From the Zeitgeist website:

  This page also explains the activity journal (you need to install this yourself) where you can find the answer to how results ranked/ordered and more.

So it uses metadata.

The 2nd part of your question is answered from another page from that site:
Which technologies does Zeitgeist use?

Python
DBus
SQLite.


To solve problem with brightness you have to do the following:

Intructions:

Open up your terminal
Copy and paste the following code into the terminal, and press enter:

 sudo sed "s/\(GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\)\"\"/\1\"acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor\"/" /etc/default/grub -i

Enter your password when prompted and press enter again.
Now copy and paste the following code into the terminal, and press enter again:

 sudo update-grub

You're done. Now close the terminal, and re-boot your computer.

I had the same problem and it was solved.
Please tell me if you have solved the problem


apt-get remove xserver-xorg-input-libinput

Then restart Xorg (Logging out and logging back in should do it. If not, logging out, restarting sddm, and logging back in should do the trick)

You can also explicitly configure the libinput device to use NaturalScrolling. But I went with the first route and all was good.


Wily Werewolf: Install MATE DE additional to Unity

I just made it in reverse:
First installed ubuntu MATE freshly, then installed Unity additionally via:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

This seems to work. So if you aim to install MATE and Unity alongside, I'd recommend to do it this way. ;)


Logitech Webcam C270 sound to start slow

Firstly, I suggest you to use Skype for Linux instead of Wine.

Wine is an emulator. Because of that, high latency for audio that capturing from your webcam is an expected thing.

Secondly, make sure that your mic volume not more than %100.

Thirdly, make sure that in Alsamixer CAPTURE feed both left and right zero.


Can't install Xubuntu with unetbootin from hardrive

It seems like from your side there is no fault.But you can give a try to below instruction..

Sometimes copying files from one place to another place or downloading from the download manager by pausing or unpausing.. break the original file(a.k.a accidental corruption)..so always compare the md5sum values.

To do so open your terminal:

1) change directory to the location of your file

cd to/your/iso/file/location

2) Then type the following command

md5sum kubuntu-your-version.iso

md5sum should then print out a single line after calculating the hash:

8044d756b7f00b695ab8dce07dce43e5 xubuntu-your-version.iso

3) Now go to this link UBUNTU HASHES.. This page contains all of the md5 hashes for the different versions of Ubuntu,Kubuntu, Edubuntu, Xubuntu and Lubuntu.

4) copy the hash value from the terminal and search in the browser by pressing (ctrl+F)
..

if there is no match ..

then surely your xubuntu file is corrupted.consider downloading the new iso

else

xubuntu file is fine. Error might be related to disk partition.


Thanks to our awesome George Edison I was able to modify that plugin to make it work with Firefox 4.0.1. Thanks again for pointing that out!

Here is the modified plugin.


QEMU -display gtk and -display sdl not available | Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS

the package qemu-system-gui contains /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qemu/ui-gtk.so and should - once installed enable the -display gtk feature.


How can I open a gui application from the tty

You can do that using the DISPLAY variable. In a default xserver configuration this should be :0.
So on your tty try this:
DISPLAY=:0 firefox

To find out what that variable contains for your desktop (if above doesn't work) start a terminal on your desktop and run
echo $DISPLAY

And use the output on in the first command


Dual-Boot: Win7 partition loads without error, but display doesn't work

As it turns out on further experimentation, the problem was that I had not yet installed the official graphics drivers for Windows 7 after the initial install.  As far as I can tell, the handoff from GRUB to Windows 7 screws up the use of the very basic default graphic drivers to display.

But, as it turns out, if I did anything that would result in the system displaying the "Boot from Safe Mode or Normally" menu, or if I powered off and powered back on and then re-accessed Windows, prompting it to try and resume its previous session, the default graphics drivers were able to take over and work.  I was able to use this to get in long enough to install the system-specific graphics drivers, after which it booted repeatedly with no problems.

I'm leaving this here for anyone who has the same problem (or wants to investigate why this happens in the GRUB-Win7 handoff).


How to setup dns to resolve selective ip locally and others to forward

I don't know if bind overrides these, but you could try to direct queries to example.com to your httpd server, by settings the IP address of your lamp host in /etc/hosts of the machine 192.168.2.3, e.g.:

192.168.2.2    example.com

As for "machine with 192.168.2.4 should not be able to resolve locally hosted example.com", you could try adding this to /etc/hosts in 192.168.2.4 in order to block the access to example.com:

127.0.0.1    example.com

or some other IP address instead of 127.0.0.1, which isn't actually used by your httpd server.


What are best number randomizers which can be input into another line?

The command is:

curl `printf "%.3d" $(( $RANDOM % 1000 ))``printf "%.3d" $(( $RANDOM % 1000 ))`blabla.html

Explanation:

$(( $RANDOM % 1000 )) creates an (almost) random number in the range 0-999
printf "%.3d" 12 formats the number (in this case 12 but in the command above the output of the random division) with a leading zero(es)
the backtick around the printf command insert the output of the inner command into the outer
you get 2 of the above because your command examples seem to have series of 2*3 random numbers
blabla.html at the end appends the static text

Your curl example isn't perfect because you need to supply a URL, not a file name to curl. May I suggest using echo until you are happy with the output.


How can I double the tty font size on a 3840x2160 monitor?

My eyes almost literally got sick and tired of the tiny fonts on Full HD and now 4K screens when I had to log onto the console periodically.

I put the following into my ~/.bashrc and my problems went away:

# Set font when running in console
if [ $TERM == linux ]; then
    /bin/setfont /usr/share/consolefonts/Lat2-Terminus32x16.psf.gz
fi


What are the fields in the "Format Partition" window in the Disks utility for, and what do I choose?

Firstly, the "partition merging" question you ask.  There is no "merging" of partitions - the actual 'merging' involves deleting a partition completely and then manually expanding the partition (in layman's terms).  Because there is no 'merging' of partitions, your question on it is going to be answered with a "No, there will be no merging of partitions".  I do not reference merging later on in this question because there is no real 'merging' of partitions.

As well, in the original quesiton, you actually have only two physical partitions: the 234GB one, and the "Extended Partition" - inside the "Extended Partition", the partitions are logical, not physical.

If you want to expand an existing partition, then you have to have free disk space adjacent to the partition you want to expand on the disk.  You would have to delete the existing partition, and either expand your "Extended Partition" to take up the free space (then move the partitions around inside the extended partition in order to resize whichever of the partitions you want to expand).

The breakdown of what is what on that window is as follows:

(1) Erase - This is just deciding how you want to format.

Quick just nukes the beginning part of the partition which defines what is where on the disk, but leaves the actual content of the rest of the data in the partition intact.  If you forensically examine the disk data with a hex editor, and the right tools, the data can be retrieved fairly easily unless data has started to write to the partition.  (Then, most can be recovered, depending on how much data has been overwritten).

Use this if you do not believe the disk has bad sectors.

If you use the slow method, it fills the 243GB partition completely with zeros (at the byte level) before creating a new partition.  Done correctly this can literally destroy the data that was in the partition.  (This is effectively how brand new hard drives come - completely filled with zeros, except perhaps for the boot record section, which is not relevant to this question)

Use this option if you believe the disk has bad sectors and is the cause of the damaged Ubuntu installation.

(2) Type is the filesystem you want.  Choose this based on compatibility with other OSes if you have more than just Linux on your system.  If this is an Ubuntu only install then use either ext4 or fat32 depending on your needs (which is based on the size of the files you're storing there).  (NOTE: These descriptions are better worded in the window on the 14.04+ version of the 'Disks' utility)

ext4 is Linux compatible, and prevents Windows/Mac compatibility (for the most part).
ntfs is Windows and Linux compatible (but does not work nicely with Macs).  If you need a lot of data storage and Windows compatibility, use ntfs
fat  is actually fat32 format.  This format is compatible everywhere on most every device, but only supports files up to  4GB in size.  fat32 is also able to support partitions up to 32GB in size, but any larger will not be supported.

(3) Name is just the label on the disk.  Name it whatever you want but keep it relatively short (9 - 10 characters at most).  (This is how you can name Flash Drives - by applying a short label to the disk.  Same applies to actual hard drives too.  It's mainly just for show or to give you a description of what the disk is for.)


How to make video clips suitable for iPod Classic 160G under Xenial?

This can best be done with FFmpeg:

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg libavcodec-ffmpeg-extra56

and then encoding to H.264 and mp3 (the Xenial FFmpeg does not have access to the best AAC encoder libfdk_aac unfortunately):

ffmpeg -i "input.mp4" \
       -c:v libx264 -crf 22 -preset veryslow \
       -profile:v baseline -level 3 -refs 6 \
       -vf "scale=640:-1,pad=iw:480:0:(oh-ih)/2,format=yuv420p" \
       -c:a libmp3lame -b:a 256k \
       output.mp4

This produces a nice video and audio playback on my iPod classic :)

A few thoughts on this technique:

If the audio is already AAC simply use -c:a copy rather than change to mp3
If you have compiled your own FFmpeg and have access to libfdkaac use something like -c:a libfdk_aac -b:a 128k for the audio

References:

Stack Overflow - Encode video for ipod classic
FFmpeg Trac - Encoding MP3
FFmpeg Trac Encoding AAC


I had the same problem even when I removed and reinstalled youtube-dl according to the above given fix. The solution came only when I run synaptic, found the package 'python' right-clicked on it and installed the recommended packages.


How to set up apache with fastcgi and a simple test script?

As noted by joschi, CGI != FastCGI . A CGI script would fail in this context.

http://127.0.0.1/doc/libapache2-mod-fastcgi/mod_fastcgi.html
http://www.fastcgi.com/mod_fastcgi/docs/mod_fastcgi.html

FastCGI Specification Compliance

The FastCGI specification is not implemented in its entirety and I've deviated a bit as well resulting in some Apache specific features.

The file descriptors for stdout and stderr are left open. This is prohibited by the specification. I can't see any reason to require that they be closed, and leaving them open prevents FastCGI applications which were not completely ported to FastCGI from failing miserably. This does not mean the applications shouldn't be fixed such that this doesn't occur, but is invaluable when using a 3rd party library (without source code) which expects to be able to write to stderr. Anything written to stdout or stderr in this manner will be directed to the main server log.


Issue with Ubuntu 13 Keyboard's Functioning on Spacebar/ Enter/ Backspace

You should try another keyboard to see if it's a problem with the keyboard or Ubuntu. It could be a hardware issue. The keys Z, C, V, and X are are all directly above the spacebar and it could be shorting them.

If it is a hardware issue cleaning your keyboard and removing the spacebar and then putting it back in could fix it.

Some links to similar issues are here and here.


Another option is to try imagemagick convert utility,Imagemagic can be easily installed using software center or synaptic.

Since the document is scanned it should be a bitmap which imagemagick can handle, only the version of the .cdr would be a concern, you did not mention the version of the cdr file so you may just try imagemagick, at your terminal in the directory where the .cdr file is located, run the convert utility like this;

convert image.cdr image.png

this will convert the .cdr image called image.cdr to a .png image called image.png file that you can easily use, probably vectorize by tracing in inkscape if you wish.

See the imagemagic documentation on the convert utility if more control over the output is needed. hope the output is satisfactory.