Okay, I have found a way to recover the data from a live USB, however its a little nuanced so I thought I'd share the solution, because I was ready to give up my data due to what is seemingly a bug.

First of all mount the partition with the encrypted files.

If

ecryptfs-recover-private

can't find the encrypted data by itself, run

sudo ecryptfs-recover-private /media/ubuntu/[unnecessary amounts of
letters and numbers]/home/.ecryptfs/[user name]/.Private

Follow the prompts to recover the directory. Since I didn't know the mount passphrase it asked to unwrap it using the login password.

At this point you will get one of two errors:
-5 means the password you entered is incorrect. If you see something like

Inserted auth tok with sig [f4f634c04c3cf3bf] into the user session keyring
mount: /tmp/ecryptfs.XciZjiT0: mount(2) system call failed: No such file or directory.
ERROR: Failed to mount private data at [/tmp/ecryptfs.XciZjiT0]

the password you entered was correct, but ecryptfs fails to mount the directory. This turns out to be some sort of bug detailed here:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ecryptfs-utils/+bug/1718658

The workaround is to first run

ecryptfs-manager

and then repeat the procedure above.

INFO: Success!  Private data mounted at [/tmp/ecryptfs.U15aED2a]

Success!

If you want to browse through the files graphically, run

sudo -i
nautilus

and navigate to the temp directory that was returned. The files are read only, and if you want to copy them somewhere else you will need to run another sudo instance of nautilus.

After you close your root nautilus, don't forget to run

exit

in the terminal to close the root shell too.


Gparted not starting in my installed ubuntu 18.04 system

I had the same problem. I tried to reinstall libgtkmm but there were more broken libs, so I had to reinstall all of them:

sudo apt install --reinstall libgtkmm-2.4-1v5 libpangomm-1.4-1v5 libglibmm-2.4-1v5 libsigc++-2.0-0v5 libcairomm-1.0-1v5

And it works fine now.


How to get a menubar for latest version of libre office

Try hovering your mouse on the bar along the very top of your screen. The File, Insert, and other menus should appear there. At least, that was where they appeared by default for me on Ubuntu 14.04.

I personally prefer that the menus appear on the title bar of the window I'm working in, so I changed the setting as follows:

System Settings -> Appearance -> Behavior -> Show the menus for a window -> In the window's title bar


Ubuntu Server 10.04 behind proxy. Ping works apt-get fails

Try commenting Acquire::http::Proxy "10.10.19.21"; and set http_proxy in bashrc


Permissions to user may not given.I tried $sudo chmod ug+rwx /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf and do the same for revaliases.It worked!


How to get rid of devices in the left panel of Nautilus?

First, your fstab should look like this:

#comments.......
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
proc            /proc           proc    nodev,noexec,nosuid 0       0
UUID=1384cee0-6a71-4b83-b0d3-1338db925168 /               ext4    noatime,errors=remount-ro 0       1
UUID=e3729117-b936-4c1d-9883-aee73dab6729 none            swap    sw              0       0

...no need to automount Windows recovery partitions, etc.

Now, to remove partitions from the left panel, create a udev rule:

gksudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/hide-partitions.rules

... and paste in the following:

ACTION!="add|change", GOTO="hide_partitions_end"
SUBSYSTEM!="block", GOTO="hide_partitions_end"
KERNEL=="loop*|ram*", GOTO="hide_partitions_end"

################################################## ############################

# Let's hide sda2 and sda3
KERNEL=="sda2", ENV{UDISKS_PRESENTATION_HIDE}="1"
KERNEL=="sda3", ENV{UDISKS_PRESENTATION_HIDE}="1"

################################################## ############################

LABEL="hide_partitions_end"

...save and exit.

That should hide the "SYSTEM RESERVED" and "Acer" partitions after a reboot.


Download replay videos from periscope with wget

Yes, it is completely possible to download videos using wget command. All you need to do is type the video url as the parameter for wget:

wget http://website.com/videos.mp4

UPDATE

To download replay videos from Periscope, one will need youtube-dl, a tool to download videos from YouTube and few more sites, including Periscope.tv which supported by this tool.

To install youtube-dl, run following command:

sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

Then, copy your desired replay videos link, for example I'll use random videos:

youtube-dl -v https://www.periscope.tv/w/1OyKAoBnBmDJb


How to install latest MKVToolnix to Ubuntu 16.04?

The good news is that there is now an AppImage for MKVToolNix which works well on Ubuntu 16.04. Only a couple of steps to download and install this:

Download the file from here with your favourite browser, by default the AppImage will go to $HOME/Downloads
Navigate to this location and after right clicking on the downloaded AppImage select: Permissions --> 'Allow executing as a Program'
Double click on the downloaded file and start using MKVToolNix!

Below is a gratuitous screenshot of the latest MKVToolNix running on my Ubuntu 16.04 VM:


Can't detect realtek RTL8101E/RTL8102E ethernet controller

To expand on my previous answer (comment), I suggest that you either (a) verify that the realtek adapter is working fine with a different OS (e.g., windows), or (b) assume that your initial attempt to set up the system with default drivers has corrupted the internal settings of the adapter and will require a loss of power to reset. In case of (b), remove (or disconnect) the battery from the system for a few minutes, then hook it back up and then try reinstalling the driver, with the patches in the proper location, etc.


Your computer's memory size is the main selection factor and your processor's ability to run 64-bit operating systems, the second.  As for the version, newer versions normally add support for new hardware.  It's a very rare case that they remove support for older.

If your memory size is 1GB, then your only option is a 32-bit Lubuntu or Xubuntu flavor if you want to have a really functional operating system without very frequent swapping issues.

If it's 2GB, you can use any 32-bit flavor.

If it's 4GB you can switch to 64-bit versions provided that your processor supports it.


How to use a zenity progress bar with cclive

I don't know how cclive works, but in order to make zenity display a progress bar, it needs to send percentages to stdout.

Here's an example:

# This works:
(for i in $(seq 0 3 100); do echo "$i"; sleep 0.1; done) | zenity --progress

# This doesn't:
(for i in $(seq 0 3 100); do echo "hi"; sleep 0.1; done) | zenity --progress

Unless you can arrange for cclive to do that, you'll have to settle for

zenity --progress --pulsate

Edit

Based on the comments, here's some additional info. I can't give you an exact answer since apparently cclive is broken on Maverick. At any rate, I only get errors when I try to use it.

The first thing you need to do is to get cclive to print a percentage somewhere. I'm assuming the logfile will print such a percentage, but I can't test it. Then, you need to parse that output and send it to zenity. Here's an example (untested, or course) script:

#!/bin/bash

url="$1"
tmp="/tmp/cclive.log"

mkfifo "$tmp"
cclive --background --logfile="$tmp" "$url"
egrep '[0-9]+%$' < "$tmp" | zenity --progress
rm "$tmp"

If cclive's output is in a different format, just adjust the script as appropriate. If cclive doesn't dump percentages to the logfile, try changing the cclive command to:

cclive "$url" > "$tmp" &

One final thing: You probably shouldn't send stderr out stdout (2>&1). Zenity will consume stdout, but you probably don't want it to eat all error messages.

Edit 2

You might have to throw awk in somewhere in the pipeline so you can isolate the percentage. The basic syntax is:

awk '{print $1}' # change $1 to the correct space-separated field

In testing, I couldn't make it work correctly, but since I can't make cclive work, I can't really troubleshoot it.


How can I see previous history (prior to this boot) in journalctl?


Installing Ubuntu 10.04 on a new Windows 8 Asus Laptop

just a thought but why not install what you need with VirtualBox?  I would not see why you shouldn't be able to.  You would probably have to check the BIOS for virtual.  Create a shared folder and you can share content.


lightdm won't start after bumblebee install

Answering my own answer :
I managed to get back to the GUI by deleting the
/etc/modprobe.d/bumblebee.conf
file which is not removed as it should have upon bumblebee uninstallation. This file was preventing drivers to get loaded by blacklisting them.


Super key is not working on the external Drevo Calibur 71 keyboard (used to work)

It turns out the keyboard's different modes and can disable or switch keys.
At the time I asked the question I didn't have access to the only reference card that came with the keyboard however I have shared it below for reference.

PS: I was also having issues with the Left Ctrl key toggling the CapsLock. Now I understand why and I was able to disable it.


How do I grep for words with an exact number of occurrences of a letter?

If you want to find exactly two instances anywhere in a word, then you will need to allow for arbitrary non-matching strings before, between, and after the matching characters.

e.g. to find whole words that consist of exactly 2 instances of letter q, case-insensitively, in /usr/share/dict/words:

$ grep -wi '[^q]*q[^q]*q[^q]*' /usr/share/dict/words
Albuquerque
Albuquerque's
Qiqihar
Qiqihar's

If you're not limited to grep specifically, you might want to consider using perl where you can make use of the fact that, when evaluated in a scalar context, the tr command returns the number of transliterations e.g.

perl -ne 'print if tr/qQ/qQ/ == 2' /usr/share/dict/words

In a similar vein, with GNU awk, you could define the character of interest as the field pattern and test the number of fields:

gawk -vFPAT='[qQ]' 'NF==2' /usr/share/dict/words


"iwconfig" cannot be found, cannot install wireless-tools

You need to connect to the internet with wire...

Two best options

Kinko's has laptop stations you can connect to with a wire port
Home PC buy a reliable usb donge from amazon that works with no driver needed..

Best advice I can give with limited resources.


Cannot convert .wav file to .txt file using pocketsphinx

You haven't installed the version correctly.Try reinstalling with 'mdef' in the correct folder. This is a common problem.


Must apps submitted to the Software Center run from the /opt directory?

You may be confused by the language; they all mean the same, ie:

"run out of" == "run in" == "installed in" (all in /opt)

The exceptions are:

The standard files in /usr/share/doc/<packagename> are permitted, such as copyright, changelog, and examples.
The .desktop file is installed in the standard location /usr/share/applications, but must have the prefix extras- added to its name. Example: extras-foobar.desktop for a package named foobar.
Lenses and scopes are installed in the standard locations, but must have the prefix extras- added to their names. Example: extras-unity-lens-foobar.lens for a package named unity-lens-foobar.


nvidia 430 drivers boot hang: black screen during bootstrap

It was a Nvidia 430 specific problem saying: "signature not signed with a trusted key"

First I did the next, https://askubuntu.com/a/1125176/413243 , and it made some changes but I still had

Then I did https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/1061656/linux/gtx1650-notebook-not-working-on-ubuntu16-04-black-screen-amp-login-loop-/post/5376983/#5376983
And my computer is working again


UFW firewall still blocking SMB despite adding rules

Mike's sudo ufw allow Samba works like a charm.

I personally prefer restricting to my private subnet, so for others who like the same, use:

$ sudo ufw allow from 192.168.0.0/16 to any app Samba

Also, try running sudo ufw app list for a list of other apps you can use as short-hand to the required ports (eg. Postfix, OpenSSH, etc). Makes your firewall rules list a lot easier to read and maintain.


Well, still no idea why it wasn't working in the VGA port of the graphics card but I did the following, and it now works in the motherboard VGA port which is what I wanted anyway:

Added intel_agp and i915 to /etc/initramfs-tools/modules
Added i915.modeset=1 to the grub options
Ran sudo update-grub && sudo update-initramfs -u

and that seems to have done the trick


Why do packages fail to install from command line

Thanks to cosmorogers for the super easy answer of:

 sudo apt-get update


You might want to have a look at the Wake-on-lan feature. This is a fairly simple feature that has been around for years.
There is a good how-to in here: http://kodi.wiki/view/HOW-TO:Set_up_Wake-on-LAN_for_Ubuntu

Long story short:

Enable wake-on-lan in your old Pentium 4 (in the BIOS).
You turn it on on-demand by typing a command (or running a script) from a different computer (or phone/tablet/etc).

You can look at this in more detail here and here

I did this around 2010 and back then I recall there was another option (and command) where you typed the command and the arguments included the MAC address, making this OS independent.I didn't look for this but if the previous suggestions don't work out for you you may want to search for this as well.


What Can Be Done To Secure Ubuntu Server?

Here is a list of things I do to secure my server.

Turn on UFW (sudo ufw enable) and then only allow ports that are actually used. (sudo ufw allow 80)
Make sure MySQL only allows connections from localhost.
Enable TLS on mail services. Even if it's a self-signed cert. You don't want passwords sent in the clear.
Install ssh bruteforce blockers like denyhosts or fail2ban. (sudo apt-get install denyhosts)
Look into making ssh key-based logins only.
Learn AppArmor. If you use fairly vanilla configurations, then it's extremely easy. Just make sure it's turned on. It will help reduce zero-day exploits.
Depending on physical access to the server, you may even want to look at encrypting the data on the harddisk.
Follow other recommendations in https://help.ubuntu.com/18.04/serverguide/security.html.
Never trust your users. If you are having multiple users with access to the system, lock them down. If you have to give them sudo access, give them only what they need.
Use common sense. Think real hard about how you'd get in if you were ever locked out. Then close those holes.

A few more things to consider. Most people forget about physical access. All the software configurations in the world don't mean anything if I can physically walk in with a LiveCD and steal your data. Beware of social engineering. Ask questions to verify who is on the phone and make sure they have the authorization to make the request they are making.

You can read up more about this subject on https://help.ubuntu.com/18.04/serverguide/index.html and pay special attention to https://help.ubuntu.com/18.04/serverguide/security.html.


I would like to build a Ubuntu-Server-based word-processing kiosk

It is possible using 14.04.  I used the base info from https://thepcspy.com/read/building-a-kiosk-computer-ubuntu-1404-chrome/ and changed the Chrome installation process to another program.  You would just need to install the word processor you want and invoke it instead of Chrome.  The one difference is that when you close the word processor it will restart in about 1-3 seconds.

I have mine to the point where I can create the build back to an .iso, use unetbootin to create a bootable USB, boot from the USB and the entire system loads into memeory and the USB can be removed to be used on another machine.  Reboot the physical machine and nothing is left on it except finger prints!

EDIT - I am still looking for a good process using 16.04 as well.


Running an exe without calling "wine" cmd

You have to install special wine-binfmt package to Register Wine as the interpreter for Windows executables by
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine-binfmt

then set executable bit for needed exe-file by chmod +x program.exe and then run it as ./program.exe.
To allow its run via program.exe you have to add its full-path to the $PATH environment variable.

Note: if you get run-detectors: unable to find an interpreter for ./program.exe, then run sudo update-binfmts --import /usr/share/binfmts/wine and retry.


gedit highlight misspelled words for every document by default

No it can not be set as default.

That does not rule out that someone who knows how to decompile, reprogram and recompile the spell checker plugin for gedit can't make a setting for it, it is open source.

@NIMISHAN:  Enchant is a dictionary, and is not responsible for spell checking, nor part of any program.  Programs can use it.  Even the spell checker in gedit is not part of gedit, just a plugin, plugged into gedit.


The development library libc6-dev-i386 is only necessary for developing 32-bit software in a 64-bit OS.

According to the results posted (pending confirmation) the OS is 32-bit (i386) therefore it doesn't require the said library and the library isn't available in the repositories (it is available for 64-bit Ubuntu only).

The installation can proceed without it.


I have a 3 monitor setup. How can I set nvidia settings (Xorg.conf, etc) to properly use 2 of the 3?

1) In your home directory create a text file name it .redshift

2) Open this file with your favorite text editor such as vim or gedit

3) Paste this script and save it:

for i in {0..3}
do
   redshift -m vidmode:screen=$i -t 5500:4000 &
done

you can use any argument as you like..

4) make this script executable with command: chmod +x ~/.redshift

5) Add a new line: sh ~/.redshift to the end of ~/.profile --this makes your script to run every time you log in.

6) You can add an alias to this script to run ii manually and fast whenever you like:

alias redshift=sh ~/.redshift

add this line to the end of ~/.bashrc file to make it persistant.


Confusion about dual-booting Ubuntu and Windows 8. CSM or UEFI?

Each firmware can be different, but generally this option means that your firmware will first try to boot in UEFI mode (it will search for .efi files corresponding to your UEFI entries), then if it fails to boot in UEFI mode it will try to boot in Legacy mode.


close select dialog box after choosing and continue running shell command

Actualy after a long search i found that almost no possibilty to do what i  want with just the shell, so i conbined the force of shell with another programming langage that work fine with him C langage.

And i use SDL with C to build what i want .
Now, i added a lot of features in my programme like time control , and using personnalized directory .
I'm happy with what i done .
Thanks


How to clone Ubuntu from HDD to SSD using Windows

Assuming your SSD is same size as the HDD, use clonezilla, then remove the Windows partition once you boot from SSD, expand Ubuntu to use the storage that was made available when removing Windows partition.


TestDrive will use rsync, and then zsync, and then wget by default.

If you'd like to force zsync, I think that's a reasonable configuration option we should support.  You're welcome to file a bug against the TestDrive project in Launchpad, http://launchpad.net/testdrive.

Cheers!


You can get the Appearance menu in System Settings by installing gnome-control-center-unity

sudo apt-get install gnome-control-center-unity


What iptables rules are needed to allow an nfs share on 16.04?

Here is what worked for me for future askers.

-A INPUT -s 172.16.10.25/32 -d 172.16.10.40/32 -i eth0 -p tcp --sport 111 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -s 172.16.10.25/32 -d 172.16.10.40/32 -i eth0 -p tcp --sport 2049 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -s 172.16.10.25/32 -d 172.16.10.40/32 -i eth0 -p udp --sport 111 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -s 172.16.10.25/32 -d 172.16.10.40/32 -i eth0 -p udp --sport 2049 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -s 172.16.10.40/32 -d 172.16.10.25/32 -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -s 172.16.10.40/32 -d 172.16.10.25/32 -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 2049 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -s 172.16.10.40/32 -d 172.16.10.25/32 -o eth0 -p udp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -s 172.16.10.40/32 -d 172.16.10.25/32 -o eth0 -p udp --dport 2049 -j ACCEPT

IP = .40 being client and .25 being the server. .25 being mounted onto the .40. If this can be done with less rules, then in the future I hope someone finds that answer.


cache request miss graphite sitespeed.io

If someone want to know more about this issue you could see this link https://github.com/graphite-project/carbon/issues/467


You can change the system alerts sound level by this way:

Go to the "gear cog" in the upper right corner of the screen.
Select System settings...
Click on Sound.
Click on the Sound Effects tab.
Lower the Alert volume to a comfortable level (or mute it).

Here you're a screenshot:


sorry of being late. try to change the pal system to ntsc.

xrandr --output S-video --set "tv standard" ntsc


What if there are minutes, eh? Here's one that counts for that, converting them into seconds:

awk -F'[m,]' '{print $1 "," $2*60 + $3}' file.csv

And a few demos:

$ ... <(echo -e "345,0m0.047s\n345,1m0.047s\n345,1m2.047s")
345,0.047
345,60.047
345,62.047

I'm not sure why you'd ever want to remove the decimal point but you can pass the output through sed 's/\.//g' if you really need that:

$ ... <(echo -e "345,0m0.047s\n345,1m0.047s\n345,1m2.047s") | sed 's/\.//g'
345,0047
345,60047
345,62047

Eugh.

And —assuming this is a time output— what if the value contains hours or even days? I've played around a bit and have come up with this little beaut:

awk -F'[dhms,]' 'BEGIN{split("1 60 3600 86400", T, " ")}{t=0; for (i=NF-1; i>1; i--) t+=T[NF-i]*$i; printf("%s,%.3f\n", $1, t)}'

This will handle the following formats: *s *m*s *h*m*s and *d*h*m*s and convert them all into seconds (to three decimal places). Obligatory demo time:

$ ... <(echo -e "345,1.2s\n345,12m5s\n345,1h2m5s\n345,1d2h1m2.047s")
345,1.200
345,725.000
345,3725.000
345,93662.047


Easy Workaround to enable cable DHCP conectivity

To enable lan via DHCP you can try to modify interfaces file:

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

Then add next lines:

auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

Save (ctrl+o), press enter and exit nano (ctrl+x). You can try to restart your network with:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

But if it doesn't work, restart your computer.

Now you will be able to follow the steps provided in the post suggested by kos with a DHCP wired connection


Win 8.1 Bootloader: Your PC Needs to be repaired/A device required for boot is not connected

I finally figured this out. I noticed that it wasn't happening only when I booted from Ubuntu into Windows, but also when I started the computer after having it off.

I disabled the fast startup feature and this fixed the issue both on my laptop and my PC.


You can remove the duplicate entries in
~/.local/share/applications


ubuntu 11.10 installer starts again after shut down

remove the iso... look:

In my virtual machine with opensuse I leave the iso named openSUSE-12.1-DVD-x86_64.iso

You right clik to the disk image and unselect the iso.. this is where you can find it.

Is more easy if you use the config button and deattach this here:


TeXmaker: Can't change the interface language option

The locale output looks good. However, the files of the texmaker-data package indicate that the language is enabled via a separate setting in the TeXmaker application, not via the system locale. So I'd advise you to take a closer look at the application settings.


socket.io has a chat rooms feature. For more information see this answer to the question nodejs and socket.io chat rooms at Stack Overflow.

To install nodejs and socket.io from the terminal type:

sudo apt-get install nodejs
sudo apt-get install npm
sudo npm install socket.io

Update: In Ubuntu 14.04 and later the node snap package is more up-to-date and npm is bundled with it.

In order to test if socket.io is working, try this tutorial: Get Started: Chat application. If you get an error message when following the tutorial that says: TypeError: path must be absolute or specify root to res.sendFile then replace sendFile with sendfile (all lowercase), and of course you should also use the command nodejs to start Node.js in interactive mode in Ubuntu instead of node.

socket.io - node.js realtime framework server


How can I quickly access my music from the desktop?

Banshee gives you one-click access to your playlists, like this:

Note that Banshee has to already be running to see this option.


If you want the fonts to be installed for all users in the system then create a directory under /usr/share/fonts and place these new fonts in them. If it's just for a single user account place the font files in ~/.fonts/ directory. Then issue these commands as sudo.

mkfontscale
mkfontdir
fc-cache


I faced this same issue, and the fix was to make the current directory executable to all:
chmod a+x .


Which IP to use for localhost in Ubuntu virtual box- installing hadoop

You should not alter the /etc/hosts file to have localhost point at a different address than the one it already points to.


Firstly, for the second line, mv takes wildcards too, so you can simply use

  mv Complete/*.mkv Movies

Is it possible that filebot also takes wildcards? i.e. filebot Movies/*.mkv? Otherwise, instead of "$iname", you just want {} again. As you probably know, {} substitutes for the name of the file found, which is the same as *.mkv here.  Hence,

  find "Movies/" -iname "*.mkv" -execdir filebot -rename {} --db themoviedb \;

N.B. use -execdir instead of -exec for security reasons. From the man page:

  There are unavoidable security problems surrounding use of the -exec action; you should use the -execdir option instead.

  -execdir command {} +

  Like -exec, but the specified command is run from the subdirectory containing the matched file, which is not normally the directory in which you started find.  This a much more secure  method
                for  invoking  commands,  as  it  avoids  race conditions during resolution of the paths to the matched files.


What is the ubuntu 16.04 lts server default username & password?

Unless you use a special ISO, Ubuntu asks you to enter a username and password, in addition to the root password. Verify the installation and download the official ISO.

On this screen you select the time zone.

And this, which is the next screen, you enter the password for a user.
The password will be the same for the root user.

Images taken from: https://www.linuxtechi.com/ubuntu-18-04-lts-desktop-installation-guide-screenshots/


Access Files on New Install of Ubuntu Server

Try using Samba, which allows a Linux computer to share files and printers just like a Windows computer.  You'll need to install the samba package, and edit /etc/samba/smb.conf.  There is some documentation here.

On an Ubuntu client, you should be able to use Nautilus to find the server and access the file shares.  A Windows client should have no trouble accessing the server, of course.  Macs probably have no problems accessing Windows file shares either.


Multiparty video conferencing between Linux/Windows?

Google Hangouts work fairly well for me for video-conferencing a group on Linux.


Unusable space when creating Ubuntu partitions

It is possible, that Ubuntu installer wants to create one primary partition and then rest of partitions as logical on the extended one. It would be overkill to install both operating system again, I don't recommend it. Instead, prepare partitions for Ubuntu in the Windows partitioning tool (the same you take screenshot from). Don't assign drive letter nor format them, just leave them as RAW partitions. They will be visible in the Ubuntu installer's partitioning tool and you can format them and set their mount points there.


/usr/bin/dpkg issue when installing apache

Run those commands:

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install -f

Then now try to purge apache

sudo apt-get purge apache2  apache2-data apache2-utils


How to kill chrome's GPU process from cmd line?

You have the right idea with the ps command. Try pgrep -f type=gpu-process instead to get the PID or pkill -f type=gpu-process to kill. You can do something similar with ps and grep if pgrep isn't available on macOS.

The underlying problem making Chrome freeze is worth investigating sometime, however.


Dualbooting Ubuntu 18.04 and Windows 10: manual fsck repeatedly required on Ubuntu partition

Note: Good idea to have good data/file backups before doing this...

Update your BIOS, and your HDD firmware.

To check your BIOS version:

sudo dmidecode -s bios-version

To check your HDD firmware, try:

sudo lshw -C disk

Go to this HP Support web site and download these two files...

Update #1:

you can't update the HDD firmware, as you don't have a Seagate HDD
open the Disks app, select your HDD, go to the "hamburger" icon, select SMART Data & Tests, take a screenshot of the SMART Data and post it on imgur.com for me. Then run the SMART tests.
open the terminal app, and type grep -i sda /var/log/syslog* and post the output to paste.ubuntu.com for me to look at.
in Windows, go to https://www.westerndigital.com/support/hgst/internal-drives/mobile-laptop/travelstar-5k1000 and download their WinDFT application, and Users Guide, and run it.

Update #2:

First, let me say that you've done and excellent job with your documentation and screenshots and communication. Very helpful.

Second, I've reviewed all of the information, and there appears to be no obvious hard disk problem.

Third, I'm starting to agree with you, that the problem is deeper than we've probed before. I'm concerned about the CMOS Checksum error right now. Let's really dig down now. I'll ask you to do some things that may be a little difficult, and if you can't do them, just let me know.

Note: make sure that you have backups of your important files.

Lets reset the power manager. Remove all power from the laptop, including the AC power and the battery. The battery may be internal, so you'll have to unplug it there. If you'd rather not do this, then skip to step #2. Otherwise, once all power has been removed, hold down the power button for 15 seconds. Then reconnect the battery and AC power, and see if you notice any difference in operation.
Lets reset the BIOS to factory default. Turn on the computer and enter the
BIOS. First, take note of the disk/disk controller settings... it should read something like RAID/SATA/RST/AHCI/IDE/other. Then find the key that does "reset to default" or "reset to factory specs", select it, then save your settings and continue to boot. Depending on your original settings, the computer may behave slightly differently than before. We may have to go back and manually change some settings if the computer is not fully operable. If it does boot properly, recheck operation.
Lastly, lets check your memory. You'll probably find a memtest at either:

on the initial GRUB menu
when booted to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
from a memtest downloaded from...

Go to http://www.memtest.org or https://www.memtest86.com/ (use the second link to get the latest free version), and download/run memtest to test your memory. Get at least one complete pass (4/4) of all the tests to confirm good memory. This may take a while (hours).

Update #3:

The internal HP extended memory test failed. There's a memory problem.

Update #4:

MemTest86 V8.1 Free (64-bit) confirmed that we have a memory problem. Since you have two 4G memory cards, remove one 4G card (remember which slot you removed it from) and rerun the memory test. Do the same with the other 4G card (also remember which slot it was removed from). If one fails, please place it, by itself, in the OTHER slot and rerun the memory test, as this will eliminate a possible defective memory slot, rather than a bad memory card.

Replacement memory cards can be sized/purchased here. Keep in mind that it's best to have two equal size/speed memory cards installed.

Update #5:

Memtest confirmed that memory card #2 was defective. We'll remove it for now and just run on the remaining 4G card.


Wacom tablet middle mouse button scrolling in Gnome ≥ 3.24/Ubuntu 20.04

I was curious about this too, but from looking at the headers where the enum is defined for the relevant dconf key, it looks like the only possible values for StylusButtonAction are "default", "middle", "right", "back", and "forward". So, unfortunately, it looks like the buttons cannot be used to pan or scroll if configured through dconf -- only middle-click, right-click, back, and forward.
It's not a great substitute, but until I find something better I have the buttons at the top of the tablet mapped to "page down" and "page up."
Edited to add: if you install xdotool, you can first map keys (I use Alt+PgUp and Alt+PgDn) in "Gnome's Keyboard Shortcuts" configuration panel to the xdotool commands that scrolls up and down (xdotool click 4 and xdotool click 5, respectively). Then, use the Tablet panel to map the tablet buttons to your keyboard shortcuts. It's not elegant, but it works across applications better than PgUp/PgDn.


When you typed your command it listed what is installed. In my case:

$ ubuntu-drivers list
nvidia-384

In your case you appear to have three nVidia drivers installed; nvidia-driver-396, nvidia-driver-390 and nvidia-340.

Additionally you have a WiFi driver (I believe) installed called: 'bcmwl'.

To completely remove your nVidia drivers you need to refer to: How can I uninstall a nvidia driver completely ?.


Looks like you installed a 64 bit desktop this time, and your old executables are 32 bit.  You need to install the 32 bit libraries, start with libc6-i386, then you will have a ldd which will list the other needed 32 bit libraries instead of claiming wrongly "not a dynamic executable".

Ubuntu does come with enough ELF utilities to allow the ldd script to produce a reasonable output when a specific architecture loader is not present. Bug 1616609 addresses his issue, join it and maybe it will be fixed some day.


You can use rdesktop from terminal.

If you just type rdesktop you will get all the options it provides (oddly it has no man entry on my system).

An example of usage:

rdesktop -u username -g 100% -PKD 192.168.1.50

In this example -u is user and -g is screen size. You can do cool things like pass a resolution and other stuff. All the explanation is shown to you if you enter rdesktop without any arguments.


Answering my own question because I was unable to find the solution anywhere on the Internet, and so I eventually had to turn to Google support, who incredibly responded with a solution!

They pointed me to the following Adobe support page:

Problems playing protected video content | Ubuntu Linux, Flash Player 11

Which had me run the following 3 commands to install a necessary hardware abstraction layer and clear out some cached Flash data.

sudo apt-get install hal
cd ~/.adobe/Flash_Player
rm -rf NativeCache AssetCache APSPrivateData2

I was able to play their DRM-test movie (Grr, DRM), so I guess it's working...


How do you get the remote to work on my Hauppage TV card?

Personally, with my Nova-T usb tv stick and remote I install lirc, sudo apt-get install lirc  and choose my usb tv stick and when choosing the remote it doesn't really show me it listed, so I just choose anything.  I stop the lirc service, sudo service lirc stop  and run cat /proc/bus/input/devices which gives me

I: Bus=0003 Vendor=2040 Product=7070 Version=0100
N: Name="IR-receiver inside an USB DVB receiver"
P: Phys=usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.1/ir0
S: Sysfs=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.1/rc/rc0/input14
U: Uniq=
H: Handlers=kbd event14

I then edit /etc/lirc/hardware.conf and change REMOTE_DEVICE= to REMOTE_DEVICE="/dev/input/event14"  to match my remotes event id, then restart lirc,  sudo service lirc start

Hope this helps somewhat.


How can I compile a .deb file for network-manager's git

There are great tutorials out there, for example this one.

In short:

You create the structure with all files and folders the packages creates and some kind of configuration file (called control) where you define depencies, architectures, name, description...

After that you build the package with dpkg.


Note: When dealing with possible physical hardware issues with hard drive, make sure that you have a current backup just to be on the safe side. You may want to take a look at Clonezilla.

Clicking noises from a HDD are usually the beginning of a drive failure. The clicking is the internal mechanism attempting to access the drive and being physically unable to properly mechanically engage the position for reading.

Now a little on the bright side, I have had this happen before with a Seagate drive.  It has to to with power management on the drive.  I updated the firmware, and that fixed it.  See if the drive manufacturer has a firmware update on their website.

In case the firmware update doen't fix it, make sure that you backup the drive just in case.


I get the same sort of problems with my ATI graphics card (Radeon 5450) using the proprietary drivers.  It has always worked fine with everything else.  I also have shutdown issues in Unity (and maybe Gnome shell) with the proprietary drivers.

I find that everything works well with the standard drivers.  My computer will even suspend successfully that way.  However, I have tried gnome shell a few times, and it never lasts long before I give up on it.  I'm using gnome classic with compiz, and Awn launcher. and the Cardapio menu.  I find I like this best so far.

If you don't need the proprietary drivers, try it without them.  I don't notice any difference, but then, I don't play games or anything.


Unfortunatately you will need to download addition codecs to play avi's and DVDs or try a different player like VLC which may have the codecs you need.

For DVD Play back

You need to add the correct codecs for DVD Playback, They do not come with the Live Ubuntu CD

First Install the Medibuntu Repositories Medibuntu repository provides all the playback and encoding capabilities that most Windows and Mac systems contain, but which Ubuntu’s creators decline to include by default in their systems, due to licensing restrictions and a lack of open-source code for those features. If you just want to get AAC playback, copyright DVDs playing, and newer versions of all the audio, video, and font files, load Medibuntu into your system.

Open your Terminal (Ctrl-Alt-T), copy and paste these 3 lines (one at a time):

sudo wget --output-document=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/$(lsb_release -cs).list && sudo apt-get --quiet update && sudo apt-get --yes --quiet --allow-unauthenticated install medibuntu-keyring && sudo apt-get --quiet update

sudo apt-get -y update && sudo apt-get -y upgrade

sudo apt-get install app-install-data-medibuntu apport-hooks-medibuntu

sudo wget --output-document=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/$(lsb_release -cs).list && sudo apt-get --quiet update && sudo apt-get --yes --quiet --allow-unauthenticated install medibuntu-keyring && sudo apt-get --quiet update
sudo apt-get -y update && sudo apt-get -y upgrade
sudo apt-get install app-install-data-medibuntu apport-hooks-medibuntu

Then

If you are running a 32-bit version of Ubuntu, copy and paste in Terminal:

sudo apt-get install w32codecs libdvdcss2

sudo apt-get install libdvdnav4

sudo apt-get install libdvdread4

sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/./install-css.sh

sudo apt-get install w32codecs libdvdcss2
sudo apt-get install libdvdnav4
sudo apt-get install libdvdread4
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/./install-css.sh

If you are running a 64-bit version of Ubuntu, copy and paste in Terminal:

sudo apt-get install w64codecs libdvdcss2

sudo apt-get install libdvdnav4

sudo apt-get install libdvdread4

sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/./install-css.sh

sudo apt-get install w64codecs libdvdcss2
sudo apt-get install libdvdnav4
sudo apt-get install libdvdread4
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/./install-css.sh

Once Completed you will be able to play DVDs.


How to give permissions to user www-data (apache+php) to access media/user/sd card slot?

Giving the mount point of your SD card partition the correct ownership should do the trick. If you want the user who mounted the SD card to still have ownership permissions, you could change the group of /media/user/name/ and all of the files and folders it contains to www-data with:

chgrp -R www-data /media/user1/Núbia

Ensure that all of those files and folders have read and write permissions with:

chmod -R g+rw /media/user1/Núbia

It's worth getting to grips with permissions, to know whether you're introducing security vulnerabilities, but this should allow you to do what you need for now.


I installed Ubuntu only, not dual-boot. But now I can't find my drives

There is no C: partition and no D: partition anymore. As you said that you installed Ubuntu by choosing the option to use the whole disk for Ubuntu, of course the disk was erased completely.

The C: partition on which most probably the Windows operating system was located and the D: partition on which most probably your personal data was located before are gone forever.

Let's explain it as easy as possible to understand the difference ... your new disk layout now is :
sda1 (formerly C:) used for Ubuntu and sda2 / sda5 (formerly D:) used for linux-swap


As per my comments. Your questions are not due to an error in Ubuntu/Dropbox. Both topics you mentioned are just default behavior and you can use my tips to tune your system to your liking.


which version should I install for intel atom CPU 230 @ 1.6 GHZ, 1G Ram acer aspire revo?

You can install either Lubuntu32bit, or Xubuntu32bit.  Both have low system requirements, and will run good on your machine.

Lubuntu is a fast and lightweight operating system developed by a community of Free and Open Source enthusiasts. The core of the system is based on Linux and Ubuntu . Lubuntu uses the minimal desktop LXDE, and a selection of light applications.Lubuntu

Xubuntu is an elegant and easy-to-use operating system. Xubuntu comes with Xfce, which is a stable, light and configurable desktop environment.

Xubuntu is perfect for those who want the most out of their desktops, laptops and netbooks with a modern look and enough features for efficient, daily usage. It works well on older hardware too.Xubuntu


It is in the unit of ZiB (or simply Z).

1 ZiB = 2^70 Bytes

So as you have 5.0Z, multiply it by 5 to get your FS size.

From info df:

`Z'
`ZiB'
     2^70 = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424.

Note that, ZB is generally called ZettaBytes (10^21 = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000), but ZiB is not given any particular name.

But if we follow the trend, e.g. KB for KiloBytes, whereas KiB is called KibiBytes, similarly this can be named something like ZettiBytes? Again nothing official AFAIK.

Regarding the weird filesystem size:

Check the entry carefully:

/dev/sdc        5.0Z  5.0Z     0 100% /var/sdc

you have created filesystem on the whole disk /dev/sdc, not on any partition of it (e.g. /dev/sdc1, have you created any?), leading to this weirdness. Unmount the filesystem, create necessary partition(s) on the disk, and mount the partition(s) (e.g. could be /dev/sdc1) accordingly to meet your need.


Automating removal of legacy entries in /etc/group

yes the grep idea is fast and reliable. Take care to always have the /etc/group file exists. You can save the output of grep in a variable then rewrite the file :: newGroup=$(grep -v '+' /etc/group); echo "$newGroup" > /etc/group

You want to remove all lines containing the + sign in /etc/groups
Maybe you want to comment out the concerned lines

As quick as grep -v '+' /etc/group can do the job, here is :
 - grep pattern file redirected to same file must use an intermediate file
 - /etc/group can be backuped but must always exist

Better for same result : sed -i.backup '/pattern/d' file
 - delete lines containing the pattern
 - Create a backup file

Even better : Comment out matching lines & create backup
sed '/pattern/s/^/#/' file with -i<ext> option

# As root

# GREP
cp /etc/group /etc/group_backup      # Create a backup /etc/group_backup
newGroup=$(grep -v '+' /etc/group)   # Save new file content to var
echo "$newGroup" > /etc/group        # Rewrite /etc/group file from var

# SED
sed -i_backup '/+/d' file            # /pattern/d : delete lines containing the pattern
                                     # -i<ext>    : save edited stream to file and create backup file<ext>

# SED comment out & backup
sed -i_backup '/+/s/^/#/' /etc/group


Need help to copy the contents of the temp file created by another shell script within a shell script

Try this,

ref_file=$(mktemp)
{
  echo a
  sleep 1
  find /tmp -maxdepth 1 -type f -newer $ref_file -exec cp "{}" ~ \; 2> >(grep -v 'Permission denied' >&2)
} | timeout 2 ./abc.sh
rm $ref_file

You said abc.sh creates a junk file in "the region" you are running it.
Remove it using something like this (put before rm $ref_file).

find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -newer $ref_file -rm

Explanation:

Create a reference file
Spawn a script sequence or a subshell that is piping to abc.sh with { or (
echo a, b or c
Wait until abc.sh created the temp file
Find files newer than the reference file within  /tmp and move or copy it to the destination.
Close the script sequence / subshell with }or )
Pipe to abc.sh, use timeout to automatically kill abc.sh after you moved your file
Remove the reference file.


As referred to in the manual on page 40, when the system status is blinking blue, the RAID array is rebuilding. This can take several hours. I would recommend putting the drives back where they came from and allowing the rebuild process to complete. If you did indeed utilize RAID0 (striping) rather than the default RAID1 you may be out of luck as there's no fault tolerance in RAID0. You might be able to recover some files by utilizing testdisk.


By using {.,}*, you included both ./ and ../. Along with the -R option, your chown call was about to browse your entire filesystem (and others, possibly mounted), going through ../. With other commands, this little mistake can be quite deadly, but believe me, you're not the first, and you won't be the last...

Since this operation is quite heavy, your chown call hanged a while, as it had a lot of files to process. I'd suggest you go back to the directory where you made the call, and go back progressively to / to see what changes were made. You might be able to apply a quick fix doing:

chown root:root /* # Set ownership to root for all directories in /.
chown you:yourgroup /home/you -R # Take your home back.

On Ubuntu, the /home directory is given to the first (admin/sudo) user registered on the system. If you're the only user, you might want to do:

chown you:yourgroup /home -R

However, a simple chmod 755 on /home is enough, even if it belongs to root.

Having a quick look directly at / (including the root permissions themselves, ls -ld /) would also be a nice place to start. I suggest you make sure that / belongs to root, with a 755 permissions set.

If you used chown to set a very specific ownership (a user other than you or root, a rare group, ...), you may want to use find to look for chown-ed files.

find / -user {username}
find / -group {groupname}

Unfortunately, there is no such thing as undo for what your did. Linux doesn't naturally keep tracks of these "casual" operations.

For more information on what you were trying to achieve, have a look at this SuperUser question.


AccuRev doesn't install due to missing Java

Do the following and try again if you have the same or similar issue:

apt-get install ia32-libs

got above from here.


How do I enable the ctrl+alt+backspace shortcut in 11.10 (gui)?

Well... I feel a wee bit stupid.

The latest GNOME Control Centre update brought the option back:


I recommend you to install the two other operating systems first and then go for ubuntu.  Simply allocate some free space on your drive before installing ubuntu and then start the installation.
You will be asked if you want to install ubuntu along with windows.
If you select that option ubuntu will be install in the free space.
If you want to make the partitions by yourself you can see this link:
ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Multiple_OS_Installation
also you can watch this video :
www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_trEVXBgLg


To autologin to an account, type this in a terminal:

sudo -H gedit  /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

now set

autologin-guest=true

and that's it!

Tested in Ubuntu 11.10...


Hostname in postfix changing automatically during installation

I faced a similar issue so just uninstall postfix and reinstall with no configuration instead of choosing local host and then once it has finished installing, manually change cofigurations in /etc/postfix/main.cf.


Why is LibreOffice default instead of OpenOffice.org

Assuming you read What is the difference between OpenOffice and the newly created LibreOffice? (I was going to mark it as duplicate but your question is more of a why Ubuntu and others still use LibreOffice) the differences right now and possibly for the future are:

LibreOffice Development is several times faster than OpenOffice which helps users and distros get better performance, stability and features ready for when a new distro version comes out.
Many of the changes users have asked for years with OpenOffice were implemented in less than a year in LibreOffice (Many types of formats for example)
Staying with LibreOffice gave some guarantee to all Distros that the next version would not magically change licence and try to make them pay for it.
When the Apache Foundation took over, it was already too late. LibreOffice had many features, updates and commits made that were much better than OpenOffice and it had a programming rhythm that was and is faster than the one OpenOffice has.
Trying to work on OpenOffice, knowing the above points is leaving many of the things LibreOffice has done and working twice as much to implement some of them back to OpenOffice.

Now for my personal opinions over this based on experiences with both and since the creation of LibreOffice:

The move from OpenOffice to LibreOffice was basically (And this is my personal opinion) because Oracle is simply a not so friendly open-source type company that since the moment they touched everything Sun had, it became to some degrees, unfriendly for the open source user (VirtualBox, MySQL, OpenOffice and Java to name a few). They started changing many things. From VirtualBox not offering USB support (Yes I still remember when VirtualBox was installed and you had USB 2.0 support from the start) without the extension, to MySQL changing parts of its Licence, to OpenOffice changing many development aspects and where its heading was. This is the reason many of its developers simply left and created the documentfoundation.org because they believe in the open source idea of sharing without limiting and knowledge before money.
LibreOffice covers many file types that I needed for many years and OpenOffice did not offer. I for one made about 50 students join Ubuntu just because LibreOffice not only supported older file types, but had better support for doc and docx documents.
The memory footprint of LibreOffice is less than OpenOffice, so it helps computers with limited resources.
Since the development is faster, many of us can pinpoint a bug and most of them are targeted very fast and solved very quickly. Not only that but as you can see there is even a contest to find Bugs and win a TShirt.
I personally have seen more bugs and fixes applied to LibreOffice in 6 months than 3 years in OpenOffice. you can see the development of Apache OpenOffice vs LibreOffice. As you can see LibreOffice has almost 20 times faster development than OpenOffice right now. That gives anybody an idea to which one to stick.
The team behind Apache OpenOffice is not in a hurry and although they are an excellent group and Apache, well, what can I say of this amazing foundation that you have not heard, comparing speeds of development, I would not be amazed if they left OpenOffice to die its last days.


How can I Wake-on-LAN mulitple (WoL) clients at once?

I have been doing quite a bit of research and trial/error work on this subject and I'd like to share my findings.  These three pages have been very helpful: Wake-on-LAN and Beginners/BashScripting and List all MAC addresses in my local network.

I used arp to gather the MAC addresses I needed as they were powered on and connected to my isolated LAN.
I tested etherwake and wakeonlan and examined their options; wakeonlan allowed me to reference a file to get multiple MAC addresses to wake but would not wake my HP6455b laptops, while etherwake would wake my laptops but not allow me to wake more than one at a time.
I created a simple bash script to wake all of the computers I needed with a single command.

#!/bin/bash
etherwake 00:00:00:00:00:00
etherwake 00:00:00:00:00:00
..

I saved this as a .sh file, gave it permission to run with chmod a+x and then ran it as root: presto!


check what's here: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/JBoss


Remove this file that is parsed everytime you start vim: /home/doherty/.vimrc -- You can post it as a comment to this and we can see if there is an error in it that can be fixed as well.


Driver: Installation Failed Toolkit: Installation skipped

Firstly pay heed to the warning:

This option should not be used on systems that require a custom
X configuration, such as systems with multiple GPU vendors.

On my laptop I have an Intel HD4000 GPU and Nvidia GT650M so it could be a warning for me. Be sure of what you are installing!

As far as the error message, you have to run the installation through the console when X-Server isn't running. Reboot your machine. At the normal Ubuntu gooey (GUI) login prompt press Ctrl+Alt+F1 and the console (text based) login will appear. Enter your user ID and password.

Then type:

sudo ./cuda_8.0.44_linux.run

Then reboot by typing:

sudo reboot

Login normally at the regular GUI prompt.

If there still is a problem post comment below.


Clone Ubuntu system to a pendrive and make it bootable?

When you install Ubuntu, you are installing it for that system. If you take that installation and boot it on another machine, it's the equivalent of making hardware changes. Ubuntu will in most cases still boot, but you may need to install drivers specific to the new system, you may need manually reconfigure some things for the new system (eg: sounds, graphics, network interfaces), or it may work flawlessly. It all depends on the hardware. This is not a good approach, unless you are using machines with identical hardware.

Alternatives:

There are tools available for making live-DVDs from installations. I used to use Remastersys (outdated, not sure what active alternatives are available), and it worked great.
Build a customized Ubuntu ISO. This can be accomplished by extracting the squashfs, chrooting it, making desired changes, repacking, and swapping for the original squashfs in the ISO.
Setup a live-flashdrive with a persistence file/partition. Some live-flashdrive creators will even do this for you (eg: Unetbootin)!
Use a different distro like Puppy Linux, Porteus, TinyCore Linux, or Slax that is actually meant to be run as a portable OS used with multiple computers.


If I have disable recovery option and someone still get's to root using the ro recovery nomodeset how do I password protect root?

I found out that is was really simple, all you have to do is run the following command and it adds a password to root.sudo passwd root.


Cannot install into target mounted with noexec or nodev while doing qemu-deboot strapping

Remounting with exec and dev is the solution. If your filesystem is encrypted, you also need to pass -i to mount.

 sudo mount -i -o remount,exec,dev /home/user

Where in my case /home/user/ is my encrypted home directory. After that debootstrap had no issues any more.

I found this answer here on Super User and it worked for me.


How to host a video conference with VLVC?

This project is still in Beta. You got to http://sourceforge.net/projects/vlvc/ and install the plugin in vlc. When you run the plugin you can attach to the IP hosting the conference, or host one yourself. You will need to put yourself in the DMZ of your router so that you can host a conference or forward the chosen ports.


How to use iMac as external monitor for ubuntu laptop

I had the exact same problem. I got this working reliably with a combination of xpra and Xephyr. This solutions of course uses your local network, through ssh, to make an remote display.

You need xpra installed on both of your devices and Xephyr on your Ubuntu machine. There is a repo for Ubuntu, which installs Winswitch - which xpra is part of. Winswitch has quite a few cool features.

Anyway here is how I got it to work:

On your Ubuntu machine in terminal:

xpra start --exit-with-client=yes --speaker=disabled --start-child="Xephyr :200 -ac -screen 1920x1080" :100

DISPLAY=:200 lightdm-session 'gnome-session --session=ubuntu'

Where "200" is the X11 port which Xephyr connects to, and "100" is the port made available over the local network.

On your Mac in terminal:

/Applications/Xpra.app/Contents/MacOS/Xpra attach ssh:myusername@192.168.6.123:100

Needless to say a this solutions is dependent on a wired network.


Click on your Empathy window to activate it.
Hoover your mouse to the upper side of your screen toward the word "Empathy" next to the Ubuntu logo. The menu appears.
Click on Chat > Add a contact.

There you go!


IPV6 configuration issue in ubuntu 18.04

You can use the command ip to configure IPv4/IPv6 on your interfaces.

ip -6 addr add <ipv6address>/<prefixlength> dev <interface>

But your gateway (Box/Router/...) has to support IPv6 and had IPv6 routes. If you has access to your default gateway I suggest you to check if IPv6 is supported.

If you really want to use IPv6 you can use IPv6 Tunnel Broker (6to4).


you can recover your windows using windows CD or Bootable USB. if you do not overwrite alredy.

if you have windows 8 or 7 CD than you can recover your windows.

for this you have to follow this steps.

Boot from the Windows install or repair CD appropriate to you version of Windows.

For Windows 8 or 7:

1 – Boot from repair disc > Choose Keyboard type > click Troubleshoot > click Advanced options > choose Automatic Repair
if that fails then use:
2 -Boot from Recovery disc or Install disc

-Boot from repair disc > Chose Keyboard type > click Troubleshoot > click Advanced options > choose Command Prompt

or

-Boot from Install disc > Click Next > click Repair your computer > click Troubleshoot > click Advanced options > choose Command Prompt

type > bootrec /fixmbr (writes mbr but does not overwrite partition table)

type > bootrec /fixboot (writes new boot sector to system partition)

type > bootrec /scanos (scans for other OS’s that you might want to add to bcd)

(personally I find the above unneeded and only use the last step)

type > bootrec /rebuildbcd (scans for other OS’s, unlike rebuildbcd it allows you to select the OS’s you want to add to bcd)

Reboot

i hope that will work for you.


If you like to install java, it might be the best and easiest method to use webupd8s java ppa.

There you can install oracel java 6/7/8/9 whithout hassle, even in 12.04.

here is the ppa: https://launchpad.net/~webupd8team/+archive/ubuntu/java?field.series_filter=precise

here is webupd8s blogentry on how to install java 8 (should be the sanest choice atm): http://www.webupd8.org/2012/09/install-oracle-java-8-in-ubuntu-via-ppa.html

Have Fun!

P.S.: delete /opt/jre1.8.0_60/ and always try to stick with ppas, do not download and extract "programms" as long as you do not know exactly what you are doing.


internet connection problem in virtualbox

In the window showing the guest, right-click on the network icon (two computer monitors) and click Network Adapters. Select Attached to Bridged Adapter and make sure that "Cable connected" is checked. Click OK.


Ubuntu crashes / freezes after RAM upgrade

A few tips come to mind in case its the hardware.
When you just use 1 module, do you have the same behavior?
Are the sockets clean?
Are the module(s) pushed well down into the socket.
Load Default Settings in BIOS after adding/removing a module.


Ubuntu GNOME - Evolution E-Mail client not working with outlook as Two-Step verification

Not all mail applications do well with two step authentication so microsoft setup application password generation to help with this.

Steps:

Open your outlook account
click on your account image and select view account

select security & privacy from the top menu
select more security settings from under account security
scroll down and select create a new app password under app password
copy the new app password generated and use that in evolution


Is there a ".d" directory to use to load modules at boot time, opposed to /etc/modules?

The directory you are looking for is

/etc/modules-load.d

For example, to always load the nf_conntrack_pptp kernel module, add nf_conntrack_pptp to /etc/modules-load.d/pptp.conf. The filename doesn't matter, but I'm guessing the convention or requirement is that it ends in .conf.

This is implemented for older Ubuntu versions (without systemd) using a SysVinit script in /etc/init.d/kmod. For newer systemd-versions (15.04+), systemd handles this. Read the documentation man 5 modules-load.d.


Check your BIOS settings and make sure USB is the first device to boot.
My first answer, hope it helps.


Why does bash need special characters to pad integer math and variables?

Another (simpler) way, using bashism:
count=0
while ((count < var1Length)); do
    ((count++))
done

or even
count=0
while ((count++ < var1Length)); do
    # ...
done

((...)) is an arithmetic command, which returns an exit status of 0 if the expression is nonzero, or 1 if the expression is zero. Also used as a synonym for "let", if side effects (assignments) are needed. See http://mywiki.wooledge.org/ArithmeticExpression


The bash history can do many helpful things, and the search with Strg-r that Terry Wang mentioned is an important one among them. But it is also possible to do exactly what you asked for.

You can re-do the previous command with !!. With this, you can also edit the previous command. If for example you forgot to get root privileges for a command

apt-get install a-long-list-of-packages

you don't have to retype all of that again. Instead just call

sudo !!

If you want to re-execute the command at a specific position from your history, you can also use !, for example

!3

to re-execute the command at position 3. Be aware that this counts from the top. So if you're storing 500 commands in your history, !1 would be "500 commands ago". You can also use negative numbers. For example

!-2

would re-execute the second last command.

You can also re-execute the last command that started with a string like

!apt-

which would re-do the last line that started with "apt-". If you want the last command where the string appeared anywhere in the line, you can use something like

!?pt-ge

There are more interesting things the bash history can do. Just to give an impression of the wide range of possibilities, you can specifically access a parameter of a command from history. So

!-5:3:p

would print the third parameter to the fifth from last command.

EDIT: Regarding Rudie's comment below, with the standard settings this bash history expansions are indeed executed directly. It's probably best described like this: A call like !-3 is replaced by the shell with the third last command from your history and then your input (with the replacement) executed. So if you type !-3 and press ENTER and your third last command was ls ~, it's in effect the same as if you typed ls ~ again and pressed ENTER "on your own".

If you don't want that, you can set the shell option histverify. For setting and unsetting shell options, you might want to read up on the shopt command. With histverify set, a call like !-3 only writes the replacement from your history to your command line, but doesn't execute it directly. You have, so to speek, press the crucial ENTER yourself - or refrain from it, if you choose to.


How to change Byobu prompt from ">" to "$"?

You can trivially disable (or enable) Byobu's custom prompt by running:

byobu-disable-prompt

and

byobu-enable-prompt

To answer your question, "why?", I direct you to this blog post where I introduced the functionality:

http://blog.dustinkirkland.com/2013/08/ubuntu-fun-with-ps1.html

Full disclosure: I am the author and maintainer of Byobu.


Installing the Liquorix kernel on ubuntu 12.04 x64bit

got it its well..... still installing:

do this first:

echo "deb http://liquorix.net/debian sid main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/liquorix.list
echo "deb-src http://liquorix.net/debian sid main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/liquorix.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install '^liquorix-([^-]+-)?keyring.?'

run this to check the repos

apt-cache search liquorix

it will show the available kernels.............

install linux-headers and linux-image using:

sudo apt-get install  linux-header-3.6.0.....  linux-image-3.6.0.......

if you get gcc4.7 dependency error, install it FIRST!! and then install the kernel as per the above command:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.7

done
just reboot

yes its alive!!!

A personal Opinion: This is something id like to see happen with linux before my hair turns gray:
Boottoram to a  extent allows you to run ubuntu completely from ram.
Today 16gb/32 gb can be had for pennies...
I want to see a kernel that first allows installing on disk and allowing to run/load from ram once the Os is installed at the users behest and handling errors and saving changes...obviously and without guarantee.
This means drivers and other critical stuff loading from main memory and if errors are generated the kernel can reference from disk(ssd/hdd).
If a mechanism as such exists please suggest.
Using default linux kernels renders linux and ubuntu in a zombie state...we need something more customized and gpu friendly


How to associate names with IPs in a local network on a Ubuntu machine?

I believe you are looking for the /etc/hosts file.  This
       file is a simple text file that associates IP addresses with hostnames,
       one line per IP address.
source


How to install lsb-core package on ubuntu 16.04

lsb-core seems to have been re-added to Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) just now.


graphic problem after ubuntu upgrade to 15.10

the problem was solved in this Link and it was by disabling the SNA acceleration


Type in a terminal or press Alt+F2 and type wine uninstaller will give you access to the built in Add/Remove tool from wine. From there you can uninstall a program you have installed in a bottle.

To completely remove the bottle for your user (and thus remove everything from a wine bottle and start again) you can open a terminal and type rm -rf ~/.wine or as an alternative open Nautilus and in your home folder press Ctrl+H, locate the .wine folder and delete it. wine will create a new folder next time you try to use it.


UEFI Dual boot Ubuntu 18.04, cannot restart but can shutdown-then-boot

This is a guess, but my thinking is that Linux’s support for something on the motherboard of this computer isn’t perfect.  It could be a BIOS/ACPI issue or something else. Since you have a work-around, I’d just make sure your kernel is the latest version. From a terminal:

apt list —upgradeable | tee - ./package-update-list | grep linux-image

will tell you about any kernel updates that are available, while saving the list of all available packages to package-update-list. You might get an error message about using apt in scripts, but the above isn’t making any changes — it’s just showing you what can be upgraded, so no worries.

Maybe a simpler command would be:

apt list —upgradeable linux-image*

Which I’ve just verified works. If you want to upgrade your kernel you’ll need to type:

sudo apt upgrade linux-image-generic

The “generic” gets added so you’re running the most stable/production kernel. There are 100’s of different kernel types if upgrading to the latest generic kernel doesn’t work, one of the other linux-image files might. But I definitely wouldn’t try one at random as it could cause serious problems. Someone with better kernel-fu would have to answer that.

The above command of will probably require updating 100’s of packages. I’m doing it now and 200+ are installing :)

The newest version I see is linux-image-4.15.0-34.37.

jmitchel@MontyPython:~$ uname -a
Linux MontyPython 4.15.0-34-generic #37-Ubuntu SMP Mon Aug 27 15:21:48 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

One more thing. The command "dmesg" might provide you with some clues. Look for things in red :)

dmesg | more

or

dmesg | grep ACPI

or

dmesg | reboot

Finally, if there's a critical problem when rebooting, it might get logged via syslog. It would probably be in /var/log/syslog. So:

tail -"n" /var/log/syslog | more

Where n is the number of lines you want to see, starting from the end of the /var/log/syslog and going backwards. So

tail -50 /var/log/syslog | more

Will show you the last 50 lines of /var/log/syslog

So if a new kernel doesn't help, do the following

date
reboot

Then, when you get back into the system, log in and type the following

more /var/log/syslog

Then press / to search and type in the time when you rebooted. For example

Sep 14 03:00

would take you to the place in the file which has an entry containing an entry containing "Sep 14 03:00". All entries in /var/log/syslog start with a timestamp.

And the command:

ls -alt /var/log | more

will show you which files have been written to recently, with the most recent ones on top.


WiFi speed almost halt when Bluetooth is in use - 16.04

Bluetooth coexistent technology in Linux kernel is not perfect when Intel chipsets are used. You can disable it in iwlwifi module by running

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/disable-btcoex.conf <<< "options iwlwifi bt_coex_active=N"

The setting will be applied after a reboot.

This setting fixes the issue with Centrino chipsets.


problem installing Ubuntu 18.04 LTS on dell laptop inspiron 15 7000 gaming

I have GTX 1050 on my Yoga 720 and Ubuntu installed fine. Make sure you have the drive interface in the BIOS set to AHCI instead of RAID. I dual boot Windows 10 on my machine, here's the step I took.

Windows 10 came installed with EFI BIOS set to have secure boot enabled and drive set to RAID. Boot to Windows Safe mode, go to the BIOS and change RAID to AHCI. Windows SAFE mode will get the proper AHCI driver enabled, so the next normal boot to Window 10 should be successful.

From Windows 10 OS, I shrink the C: drive to allow 100GB of free space for Ubuntu installation. Then reboot via Ubuntu 18.04 installation USB stick. Use select to do the partition yourself, make a partition or two if you want swap in separate partition. Select your root and swap (if necessary), and nstall Ubuntu and grub2 on the partition. Under EFI installation.

Both Windows 10 and Ubuntu boot option should be available to your BIOS EFI boot selection.


OpenGL with Intel 82865G integrated graphics

Thanks for the link to that bug report, fossfreedom. I hadn't found it. The bug report doesn't state a direct answer, but the answer seems as simple as the following command:

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-core

OpenGL now works. It appears to be stuck in Unity 2D, but that's fine.


If you have set (and then forgotten) a passwood for the system's root account, then you will need to work a little harder to reset other passwords.
Fortunately you appear to have mastered the (IMHO) trickiest part - which is hitting the SHIFT at the right time to get into the grub menu:

At that point, instead of choosing Ubuntu, with Linux X.Y.Z-NM-generic (recovery mode), press the e key. You should see a screen like

Use the ↓ (down arrow) key to scroll through the box until you find a line that starts with
linux /boot/vmlinuz-X.Y.Z-NM-generic

and ends something like
quiet splash $vt_handoff

and position your cursor at the end - it may appear split over two lines using a \ at the end as seen here, but it's really one line. Then add the following
init=/bin/bash

(after a SPACE) so that it becomes

Now exit the grub screen by hitting CTRL+X

You should now be in a root shell just as though you'd entered recovery mode with either no or a valid root password. From here on in, the reset instructions are exactly as before i.e.

remount the root filesystem in read-write mode
mount -o remount,rw /

change the password of your sudo (administrative) user
passwd someuser

Although you don't have to do it here and now, you might want to restore the locked (passwordless) root account so that you don't need to jump through these hoops again next time

passwd -l root

(that's a lower-case 'ell', not a 'one'). When you are done, reboot the machine

reboot


How would I pin a .jar file to the taskbar in Unity Display

The command you need to put into your .desktop file should look like

java -jar /path/to/minecraft.jar


Where I should install GRUB bootloader, and chainloading bootloader?

You can install that on every partition that you want.(i.e. you can install it on multi partitions by issue grub-install )
. Because all of the installed partitions point to same thing.
But please take note that you cannot install it on /boot partition since it is not a block device.).
Please be in touch with me by farshidzamanirad@gmail.com
regards
Farshid


Default ownership and permissions for /usr/bin/apt-get

Remove the dangerous setuid bit

sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/apt-get

Nothing else is wrong.

To add a little more detail, here are the defaults:

$ stat -c '%a %A %U %G' /usr/bin/apt-get
755 -rwxr-xr-x root root

The command mentioned in the question added the setuid bit, shown as a leading 4 in octal permissions and an s in place of the x for owner in the human-readable form:

4755 -rwsr-xr-x

The setuid bit allows the user executing the program to do so with the EUID of its owner. In this case, it means the normal user running apt-get does so as root by default. Since apt-get is capable of completely destroying your system, as pointed out in comments by David Foerster and cat, giving it this permission setting (especially since the execute bit for others is set, as it is in this case, allowing literally any user to run the program) is extremely insecure.

The setuid bit, always kept to a minimum, is present by necessity on the sudo program

$ stat -c '%a %A %U %G' /usr/bin/sudo
4755 -rwsr-xr-x root root

To make this more secure, there is a strict policy about who may use sudo, configured in /etc/sudoers. If that file is corrupted or is not present, or if the permissions of sudo are wrong, sudo exits with errors.


will squid-deb-proxy be used for release upgrades?

Yes, squid-deb-proxy works with do-release-upgrades, I recommend doing one machine first to "seed" the cache, then you should be good to go.

See also:

Best way to cache apt downloads on a LAN?


xrandr with 4 screens and extend configuration

Ok so :) i have found how to do this WALL :)

Use this command :

xrandr --setmonitor WALL auto screen1,screen2,screen3,screen4

:) and after that use configuration you want with

arandr

Regards


Is it normal for thousands of files to be opened by Ubuntu programs?

Yes, This is normal. An Operating system can have thousands of files open simultaneously at any moment.  For example, at this moment, my system has 5858 files opened.

$ lsof | wc -l
5858

Please note that, lsof by default list all files opened by all processes. So, if a file is accessed by two different processes, there will be two distinct instance in lsof output.

Also take note, the file are not all regular files. lsof manual is saying

  An  open file may be a regular file, a directory, a block special file,
         a character special file, an executing text  reference,  a  library,  a
         stream  or  a  network  file  (Internet socket, NFS file or UNIX domain
         socket.)  A specific file or all the files in  a  file  system  may  be
         selected by path.

But there is a subtle difference in open files and open file descriptors. See this article to read this interesting topic. The important point is

  What is an open file?

  An open file is a file that is being used, or is it an open file descriptor? A file descriptor is a data structure used by a program to get a handle on a file, the most well known being 0,1,2 for standard in, standard out, and standard error. The file-max kernel parameter refers to open file descriptors, and file-nr gives us the current number of open file descriptors. But lsof lists all open files, including files which are not using file descriptors - such as current working directories, memory mapped library files, and executable text files. To illustrate, let's examine the difference between the output of lsof for a given pid and the file descriptors listed for that pid in /proc.

Also take a look at these links

How do I change the number of open files limit in Linux?
How many open files
Ports and File descriptors


Installation of Ubuntu fails on my Dell latitude D630

There might be some problem with the ISO image you downloaded. Please compare the md5sum of the image you have with the checksum provided on the server.

To do this:

Note down the md5sum from the Ubuntu which you can find on http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/precise/dvd/20120811/.
Calculate the md5sum of the iso image you downloaded using the command md5sum filename.iso where filename.iso is your image file.
Compare the two sums.

If the checksums are same, you might want to check out the installation instructions on http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/install-ubuntu-desktop.

To know more about checksums, check out the wikipedia article on Checksums.

You can also compare the sha1sum or sha256sum.


How to eliminate an old Ubuntu partition?

Follow these procedures:

Delete the /dev/sda1 partition from Gparted
Create a new partition on /dev/sda1 from Gparted and also a new file system by formatting it.
Open a terminal and type this command

 sudo grub-install /dev/sda

Then run this command:

sudo update-grub

It should help you to get rid of that old partition.

 1. Learn about Active partition or boot flag here


How to stop Nautilus from creating thumbnails of specific file types?

Thumbnails of specific file types can be disabled using dconf editor.

Install dconf editor:

Hit Alt+Ctrl+T and run the following command:

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

Or search for "dconf-tools" in Software Center and install it from there.

How to disable thumbnails of specific file type?

Once installed, Hit super key (windows key) to open Unity dash and search for "dconf editor" and open it.
Navigate to org > gnome > desktop > thumbnailers
Paste the MIME type of PDF 'application/pdf' in the value field of disable key, Like shown below.

This will prevent Nautilus from generating thumbnails of PDF's in the future but old thumbnails will be there. To solve this you'll have to clear Nautilus thumbnail cache.

Open your home directory and Hit Ctrl+H to show the hidden files and folders.
Open .thumbnails and delete all the files in it.
Edit for 19.10: Open .cache and delete the thumbnails folder.
Restart your system or kill Nautilus (alt+f2; nautilus -q) for change to take effect.

To disable thumbnails for other file types, Add there MIME type in disable list as described above. Seprate multiple types with comma. like this:

['application/pdf','image/jpeg','video/mp4']

For complete list of MIME types visit iana.org.


Ubuntu 20.04 as a guest in Virtualbox shows no login prompt

I generated a new image for Ubuntu 20.04 from the .iso release. So the situation has resolved itself. But, there's still a number of things I don't know. I don't know if trying to update a virtual image was wrong in itself. I don't know if grub was failing to raise the login window, or if one of the customisations I had made, in the usual manner, was causing the login (splash screen?) to block. I hope I don't stumble on something with the new image, but so far so good. Some experience, but not very much learning.


Linux uses all unused RAM for disk cache ('cached' value in free). As more RAM is used by applications the less RAM is available for caching disk activities. So if your system has high I/O throughput on recurring files it has to read the same files again and again when most of the RAM is used by applications which will make it unresponsive.


you need to install ethereum client library like GETH. GETH provide CLI based user interface to interact with mannet. create account , mine ETH and can also perform transaction. i will provide you link of ethereum github repository.
https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum


libopencv_features2d.so.2.4 present in /usr/local/lib but executable needs libopencv_features2d.so.2.3

Subsequent library versions often contain a superset of the API symbols and features of the previous version. It may be enough to create a symbolic link:

ln -s libopencv_features2d.so.2.4 /usr/local/lib/libopencv_features2d.so.2.3


.desktop file changing Exec depending on desktop environment

X-Action-Profile is not part of the Desktop Entry Specification but seems to be an extension by PCManFM. It doesn't work with most other programs.

Using

sh -c 'xdg-open "$HOME"'

as command for Exec should work.

For the icon the Icon Naming Specification defines system-file-manager as standard icon name so that should work with most icon themes


I get a blinking cursor instead of output when running this C program in Ubuntu

The question you are asking is not specific to Ubuntu but to C programming.  I would suggest you ask such questions at Stackoverflow -- it's for your own benefit, as well, since you'll reach a different audience.

Anyway, you should read up on the scanf () function as it is trying to match what you're typing in on the keyboard.  That includes any spaces, newlines, etc. that you have in the formatting string.  Then, you also need to end your input into standard in with the "Return key".

For your problem, change:

scanf("%f %f %f %f ",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);

to:

scanf("%f %f %f %f",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);

(Remove the space at the end of the formatting string.)  And then it should work as expected.

Personally, I've always used scanf to read a value at a time.  As shown in the example here.  I admit that this was just my way of avoiding the problem you're seeing.


Cannot compile java following upgrade to Kubuntu 16.04

I fixed compilation from the command line with

sudo apt-get --reinstall install openjdk-8-jdk-headless

sudo apt-get --reinstall install openjdk-8-jre-headless

I fixed Eclipse by deleting "~/.eclipse".


How to connect to internet through command-line?

The GUI is a front end to Network Manager, which is a daemon. You can ask the daemon to make a connection using the command line as well. This way, your configuration is shared between the GUI and command line methods.

The tool you can use for this is nmcli, which is installed with network-manager so should be present on your system already. To connect to a network called network-name in your GUI, type nmcli con up id network-name on the command line. Similarly, nmcli con down id network-name will disconnect. If the GUI (nm-applet) is running, then you will see its displayed status change accordingly.

See the nmcli manpage for further details. Manpages on newer releases include examples as well, although I can't find an online link to this.


Cannot login to Ubuntu 16.04 after updating

Press CTRL+ALT+F2 and log in. Next purge all of the installed nvidia-drivers:

sudo apt purge nvidia-*

Install proprietary Nvidia driver again. First of all check which version proprietary driver is suitable for you, run in terminal:

ubuntu-drivers devices

You'll see something like this:

== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00000A65sv00001043sd00008354bc03sc00i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
model    : GT218 [GeForce 210]
driver   : nvidia-340 - distro non-free recommended
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

Pay your attention to the line with distro non-free recommended - there is exact name of package you may install - in the example above it's nvidia-340. Install the detected driver (change driver version 3XX in the command below to your detected version):

sudo apt install nvidia-3XX

Reboot computer:

sudo reboot

Check Nvidia proprietary driver in use, run in terminal:

nvidia-smi

Remark. Another way to install recommended proprietary drivers is command:

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall


Can't connect to internet on static ip configured on router

Change the DNS on your OS, from your local gateway's, to Google's public DNS 8.8.8.8 & 8.8.4.4.

Source: https://developers.google.com/speed/public-dns/


First, run the following commands to install the dependencies:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install lame espeak

Next, run the following commands to convert the file from text to wave to mp3:

espeak -s 155 -a 200 -f book.txt -w book.wav
lame -V2 book.wav book.mp3

If you don't want the wav file you can delete the file.

The espeak command options set the speed of words per minute to 155 and the amplitude to 200.

Use espeak --help for more options.


worked on my macbook

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

Reboot if it does not connect post a new file from the script.

No internet:

Download the b43updated.zip file to a usb flash drive then drag and drop the file to your ubuntu desktop. Right-click it and select Extract Here.

Open a terminal and do:

sudo mkdir /lib/firmware/b43
sudo cp Desktop/b43/*  /lib/firmware/b43
sudo modprobe -rv b43
sudo modprobe -v b43
if it does not come on reboot.


Mixed DPI setting on multiple monitors - Ubuntu 18.04 - how?

You need to run a command for your HI DPI monitor (if you execute it on the other monitor, your non hi DPI monitor will clog everything, rendering your desktop unusable but by keyboard and really grewsome stuff).

First detect the name in xrandr world of your monitor:

xrandr --current | grep -w connected

Example (on my Dell XPS 15 9550 with an external non HI DPI monitor and internal 4k):

$ xrandr --current | grep -w connected
eDP-1 connected 3840x2160+1920+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 346mm x 194mm
HDMI-1 connected primary 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 521mm x 293mm

For my machine I have run (eDP-1 is my 4k display of course):

xrandr --output eDP-1 --scale .5x.5

If you really need your 4k monitor to have bigger stuff you can run:

xrandr --output eDP-1 --scale .4x.4

And for really short-sighted people (my case) you can run:

xrandr --output eDP-1 --scale .3x.3

For resetting (in case you push it so hard everything might break) do:

xrandr --output eDP-1 --scale 1x1

Made this comment following comment guide from Change display properties


Why does Xubuntu not shutdown, it just goes to the log in screen

I experienced a similar problem, and I believe the issue was a configuration issue with lightdm.  Unfortunately, uninstalling lightdm does not remove all the configuration files.

I recommend trying to remove all the lightdm.conf files, and any file with that in its name, and then reinstalling lightdm

What I'm suggesting is risky!  If lightdm get's messed up, you won't be able to get back into a gui.  So I suggest this order:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall lightdm once, just to make sure it will work.

Then, delete files and folders found by locate lightdm.conf that are in /etc and /usr.  NOT what is in /var/lib/dpkg/info

Lastly, sudo apt-get install --reinstall lightdm for real

While I did experience this issue, I ended up solving it with a clean install, since I was experiencing other bugs as well.  So, I can't vouch for this solution.  Good luck.


Any way to use Visual Studio Code editor instead of nano/vim/emacs to edit files?

You can start Visual Studio Code in Windows, then connect to your WSL system with it and open whatever files you want to edit. This works almost the same way as remote editing via SSH of files on another machine (which can be done both from Windows and GNU/Linux clients and is itself separate from WSL). The only difference from a user interface perspective is which menu item you select to connect. Furthermore, depending on what's going wrong, the procedure of setting that up may also make the code command work the way you want.

I recommend installing the Remote Development Extension Pack in Visual Studio Code, if you haven't already. But really you only need the Remote - WSL extension for this. (The Remote Development Extension Pack installs that extension as well as others for remote editing on non-WSL systems via SSH.) You can install it from within Visual Studio Code; those links are mainly for reference. Once it's installed, you should be able to run code from within the WSL system and open editor windows on the host system that connect to the WSL system, though I've always found this awkward at best.

Note that installing the Visual Studio Code itself, i.e. the client program, inside a WSL system is not supported and is not particularly likely to work even on a Windows system with an X server like VcXsrv on which other graphical Ubuntu programs usually work. (I've tried.) If you installed Visual Studio Code packages inside the WSL system, I suggest removing them, and doing so may even get your code command to start working properly.

Anyway, you can connect to the WSL system within the editor, which is what I recommend. With the necessary extension(s) installed, you should see a > < button at the lower-left corner of every Visual Studio Code window, with the mouseover text Open a remote window.

When you click that, a menu appears at the top of the window with various actions to start remote editing. You'll probably want to select Remote-WSL: New Window most of the time.

In the new window, on the lower-left corner, it will show WSL: Ubuntu.

If you go to open a file in the remote editing window, then instead of showing you a native file-open dialog, you get menus in Visual Studio Code through which you can navigate to any location in the system you're connected to. In this case, that's your WSL system. Press Ctrl+O to open a single file. You can also open folders (in the usual way) in this mode, which you may often want to do, especially if you want Git integration in the editor. But for editing a .bashrc file in place, you probably wouldn't want to do that.

In the menu that comes up when you press Ctrl+O, it should say /home/you/, but with your username (on the WSL system) in place of you. For example, it says /home/ek/ for me. If so, you're in the right place. You may see .bashrc listed if you scroll down, but you can simply type in .bashrc, so it says /home/you/.bashrc. Then press Enter or click OK.

You can open other files the same way; this procedure is not specific to .bashrc.

Having opened the file, you can edit it and save your changes. The modifications are made within the WSL system.

Although you need to open a folder to get Git-integration in the editor--just as typically you do when editing locally--you can use Git and perform other actions from a terminal. When you open a terminal in a remote editing window, the terminal gives you a shell on the system you're connected to (which in this case is your WSL system). You may already have such a shell; if not, press Ctrl+`.

The way this works is that Visual Studio Code is actually running a separate server program on the remote system (in this case, the WSL system). It stores its files in ~/.vscode-server in your home directory on that system. When connecting to actual separate machines (or virtual machines), that directory is still used, even if those systems also  happen to have a normal (i.e., client) Visual Studio Code installation. Running the code command in a shell running on the remote machine to open files through the remote connection is only supported for WSL (not other remotes), and even with WSL it can be easily done without.

Finally, note that you shouldn't expect your remote editing windows to have a different color scheme than your regular editing windows (like the blue you see in mine), unless you've set that up. The absence of a different color scheme doesn't mean anything is wrong.


Yes.

Simple example in Bash:

$ touch foo
$ exec 3<foo 4>foo
$ echo hello >&4
$ cat <&3
hello


I wrote a little manual howto fix this.

wget http://urshulyak.com:8001/index.php/s/P4afbWaX3mvyjP7/download &&
tar -zxvf jdk-8u5-tuxjdk-b08.tar.gz &&
sudo mv jdk-8u5-tuxjdk-b08 /usr/lib/jvm &&
rm jdk-8u5-tuxjdk-b08.tar.gz

Script to start Intellij Idea

*only note that need to change IDEA_HOME location for your path of idea

#!/bin/sh

IDEA_HOME=/opt/idea
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-8u5-tuxjdk-b08/
export _JAVA_OPTIONS="-Dawt.useSystemAAFontSettings=lcd \
                      -Dsun.java2d.xrender=true"
export GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID=this-is-deprecated
exec $IDEA_HOME/bin/idea.sh "$@"

More info and screenshots of better fonts: http://urshulyak.com/page/show/2
Result:


USB hard drive does not get automatically mounted, and the icon doesn't appear in the launcher

Can you try mounting the USB drive via /etc/fstab ?

I know this does not explain why the drive does not appear in the launcher.
But at least it will auto-mount this way.


How to understand Ubuntu UEFI Secure Boot install?

Probably start here: help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

UEFI (~EFI) is a firmware interface that is widespread on recent computers, especially those more recent than 2010. It is intended to replace the traditional BIOS firmware interface that is prevalent on earlier machines. This page provides information about installing and booting Ubuntu using EFI, as well as about switching between EFI mode and legacy BIOS mode using Ubuntu.

UPDATE:

Ubuntu 12.10 is intended to be able to be used with Secure Boot.

Softpedia (Sep-2012) >> Canonical Unveils Plans for Ubuntu 12.10 Secure Boot

  Canonical, through Jon Melamut, announced on September 20th that they will plan to implement support for Secure Boot in the upcoming Ubuntu
  12.10 (Quantal Quetzal) operating system.

  Therefore, after a discussion with Free Software Foundation, Canonical decided to drop the EFILinux bootloader implementation in
  favor of the GRUB2 bootloader one, signed with their own keys. ..

Muktware (Oct-2012) >> SecureBoot In Ubuntu 12.10

  Ubuntu 12.10 is the first distro that supports the Secure Boot architecture by default. Canonical developers have spent a huge amount
  of time making sure that Ubuntu runs fine and without problems in all
  hardware. Steve Langasek, an Ubuntu developer has put forward a nice
  account in his blog, regarding how they are making Secure Boot
  supported.

closes with ..

  Langasek says that they will backport the secure boot mechanism to Ubuntu 12.04 release as well, so that the LTS version can be installed
  in Secure Boot devices. So the next major service pack of Ubuntu
  Precise (12.04.2) will include support for SecureBoot.


The short answer: You can't.

You will have to kill the running processes and run them manually from the terminal as:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

or without sudo if you already are root.


Unity 8 is not developed or supported by canonical any more.
https://unity8.io/
Lomiri, a fork of unity8,  which is developed by the UBports community mainly for use on phones is not considered stable on the desktop. (off-topic: It works nice on the phone and on the tablet though).
The github page provides instructions for building on Ubuntu 18.04, though there is no mention of newer Ubuntu versions.
Unity7 can be installed by installing the package ubuntu-unity-desktop
sudo apt install ubuntu-unity-desktop


EDIT:

Reading your question again I think I didn't understand it correctly. If you want wget to recursively download all PDFs linked on https://www.zeewolde.nl/gemeente/formulieren-pdf_42836/, you need to tell it with the -r (or --recursive) flag in addition to the max depth. Additionally, if you want wget to figure out the actual filenames, you can use the experimental --content-disposition option. So the command would be:

wget --recursive --level=1 --content-disposition "https://www.zeewolde.nl/gemeente/formulieren-pdf_42836/"

Note that while you can specify file extensions to be downloaded using the --accept option, you'd have to additionally accept php to make wget download the files in the first place. That will, however, download every php file. It's probably easier to just download everything and manually delete the files you're not interested in.

Original Answer:

You probably didn't enclose the URL in quotes.

The links on the website you provided contain multiple Http GET parameters which are separated with & characters. Those will be interpreted by the shell if you don't escape them. The easiest way to do so is enclosing the whole url in quotes:

wget "http://www.example.com/download.php?param1=hello&param2=world"