Opinion: Permissions: Write but not read for security purposes?

Please poke holes in my plan.

Sure. Only removing read does not prevent you from problems. Any attempt to modify requires write permissions. An attacker can then still write the file empty (he only needs to know where the file is).

Why not lock down anything on that disk regarding backups except for appending new data?

Possible setup:

/backups/20160911/backup.tar.gz
/backups/20160912/backup.tar.gz
/backups/20160913/backup.tar.gz

Create a script that does

chattr -R +a /backups/
chattr -R +i /backups/*.tar.gz

+i means "immutable"; nothing can be done to these files or directories. Not even root can alter it (that includes removing, editing, writing, adding new files. Anything). Even root needs to remove this (with -i) before root can do something to these files.

+a means "append"; Same rules as -i with 1 exception. Nobody is allowed to any alterations to the file or directory except adding to it. And again: even root needs to remove this (with a -a) before the file or directory can be changed where the change is not appending stuff to it.

(above might need some tweaking. 1 big backup file might be ehm not the best approach. Something with sub directories and file might be better. So that would need an adjustment to these 2 lines: for instance ONLY do this on old directories and do "today" manually when the backup is done. Then this becomes

chattr -R +i /backups/{not_today}
chattr -R +a /backups/{today}

Have this script run at intervals so if at any time someone changes something inside /backups/ this resets the permissions for all backups.

Directories and files can be added to "today" and after your backup is done you could add the +i manually. Create a good admin password and nobody but the admin is going to touch these files. Ever.

By the way: also consider storing backups on-line. We have our backups in a multiple of google instances (we have 3 live systems on 3 continents that share the data each making a fallback instance on another continent and those each share a backup system).


you can try the trick described in this question, open a terminal and before running steam force the load of the extension so:

force_s3tc_enable=true steam

This if steam is the command from the terminal to run it ;)


How can I resize a terminal screen with the python curses library?

I couldn't find out how to resize the terminal window using the curses library so instead I used subprocess to automatically resize the terminal window like below. If someone has a better answer using the curses library I would still like to know. Thanks.

 subprocess.call(['/usr/bin/resize', '-s', '34', '107'])


Who is at the highest level of command at Ubuntu?

You can find the CEO's of Canonical, from which is would be manageable to contact them if necessary. One has a website providing an email address, another has a twitter feed. For example:

http://www.markshuttleworth.com/contact-details

https://plus.google.com/116812394236590806058/posts

and

http://www.jonobacon.org/contact/


There is probably a better, cleaner solution involving xorg config files but I recently learned that this works to the same effect:

Append those two lines to the bottom of the ".profile" file in your "/home/" folder. It's a hidden file by default just so you are aware. This way, they will be run automatically every time you log in.


Icon size to provide for unity .desktop, and the syntax to reference it

Referencing icons in .desktop files

You can simply put the full path in the file or the path to an icon in the default icon directories (explained below)

Adding multiple resolutions to an icon

You can let your own icons have multiple resolutions by placing them in one of the following folders:

Replace <RESOLUTION> with the resolution of the icon (in 48x48 format), replace <NAME> with a unique name you would like to reference it with, replace .png with the extension for the icon (if it has a different one).

For the current user only:

~/.local/share/icons/hicolor/<RESOLUTION>/apps/<NAME>.png

For all users on the system:

/usr/share/icons/hicolor/<RESOLUTION>/apps/<NAME>.png

To reference this icon in a .desktop file, you will use only the <NAME> of it without the extension.

Notes:

The icon must be of PNG, XPM or SVG format, and have the correct file extension
(.png, .xpm or .svg).
If the icon is a .svg (Scalable vector graphics) file, you can use scalable as the <RESOLUTION> in either path above.

References:

Icon Theme Specification

Finding icons without a full path

(Use this to locate the icon for chromium-browser, for example)

Inspired by Stefano Palazzo♦'s answer here:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

from gi.repository import Gtk

icon_name = input("Icon name (case sensitive): ")
if icon_name:
    theme = Gtk.IconTheme.get_default()
    found_icons = set()
    for res in range(0, 512, 2):
        icon = theme.lookup_icon(icon_name, res, 0)
        if icon:
            found_icons.add(icon.get_filename())

    print("\n".join(found_icons))

Save the above into a file and run it with python3 /path/to/file.

References:

How can I find the location of an icon of a launcher in use?


Ubuntu GNOME 16.04 OS updates through the Software application not completed

Just open the terminal and run:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo reboot

After rebooting, the alerts should be gone.


I may suggest you to reinstall the grub.

In terminal do:

sudo update-grub

you will see now in which partition Ubuntu is installed (most of the time is this sda)

Then reinstall grub:

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

( sda can be different in your system ).


Win 8.1 corrupts UEFI grub loading on restart

I have not seen corruption like this on gpt. Usually the gpt tools do not let you do this. Overlap issues can be a real issue as you may have written data from both and then have corruption. best is to delete sda5 if possible and it has no data. But you may need chkdsk on NTFS and fsck on ext4 partitions afterwards.
Best to have good backups before doing anything.

/dev/sda5 overlaps with /dev/sda7
/dev/sda5 overlaps with /dev/sda8
/dev/sda5 overlaps with /dev/sda9

And the errors you are getting are from booting in BIOS mode from sdb which has a very old grub legacy boot loader in the MBR.
You only have UEFI installs, so should not be booting in BIOS mode.

Edit: Be very careful that drive is really still sdb, but since UEFI erasing sda should not matter.
Zero out MBR only of sdb Use bs=440 if windows as serial number (BIOS only) is between 440 & 446.

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=446 count=1

see also this:

http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/repairing.html


alsaequal: use command line to adjust sound

the solution to my problem was the following command:
sudo amixer -D equal '00. 31 Hz' 30% which sets the frequency bar for 31 Hz to 30 %


How to automate the input of a password, in a custom batch file?

Fair question.  But its is strongly advisable that you don't go about this the way that you are currently attempting/envisioning it.  The reason to avoid your approach is that it requires entering your password into a text file  that could be read by other users/attackers.  Now, you could set the file to 600 permissions so that it can only be read by your user (and root), but I'm not sure if the scripts sub-commands may be logged somewhere, making your password again available to potential attackers.  I suppose the real question is, why do you need the script to log in as root automatically?

Is it an automated process, or is there some other reason you can't simply respond to the password prompt that is presented when running the script as is?  If it's an automated process, you should simply remove the sudo line and add the script call to the root users cron. There is tons of documentation on how to set up cron jobs available by a simple google search, but you can get started with this)

Furthermore, this is a script that simply calls another script.  You should probably just make run-server.sh only executable by root, then simply use sudo su to log into root, then run it with /my-server/bin/run-server.sh.  Again, you could add this to the root's cron if you need to automate it on a schedule.

WARNING: Don't script this, and especially don't type it on a command line (it will be logged)

echo 'PASSWORD' | sudo -S /my-server/bin/run-server.sh


1) You need to unpack the packet you downloaded. You can do it with archive manager. You can also do it from command line - since the linux packet available for download from Second Life looks like a tar-bzip2 archive, the command to unpack it is:

tar -xjvf SecondLife-i686-2.7.4.235167.tar.bz2

That will create a directory where all the files are unpacked.

2) You may perform an installation by running the install.sh within the unpacked directory. But it seems that just running the application will do this automatically, so this isn't required.

3) You can run the application directly by running the binary file secondlife in the unpacked directory. To do this from command line, enter the directory and just run ./secondlife.

Also note that in the README-linux.txt file of the package it says

  For in-world MOVIE and MUSIC PLAYBACK, you will need (32-bit) GStreamer 0.10
  installed on your system.  This is optional - it is not required for general
  client functionality.

Hope this helps!


My user can't upload files to folders owned by www-data

You need to include yourself into the www-data group.

Graphical method

Command line:

sudo adduser gautvedt www-data

That way you can add things to directories where www-data owns the group.

There are more methods but this is the easiest one.


What does "broadcast" mean in ubuntu server?

It means an "address used for transmitting to all the devices in the network".

Consider a 192.168.0.0/24 network.
Its network address is 192.168.0.0 and its broadcast address is 192.168.0.255 (32-network mask = 32-24 == the number of rightmost bits of the IP set to 1).

No device can be assigned either of those two addresses.


16.04 hanging on boot up 2016 Razer Blade

https://xipherzero.com/ubuntu-16-04-razer-blade-2016/

The link above solves your problem. Instead of the three command lines, you can skip "nolapic" to make it work. Basically, you can modify the boot by adding the following two commands

i915.preliminary_hw_support=1 nouveau.modeset=0


Does disabling touchscreen have any impact on battery life?

One possible solution is to check it. Install powertop:

sudo apt-get install powertop

and run it (I use an averaging time of 30s, use one that gives more or less constant values when the system is idle):

sudo powertop --time 30

The power consumption is shown there --- try it with and without touchscreen and compare results. Although I suspect that @A.B. is right --- it will be mostly negligible.


I had NordVPN Status running which was putting the notice on the panel.
  After removing it the "notice" went away.

Source: a comment by OP


Move the problematic library out the way by
sudo mv /usr/local/lib/libwebdriverxx.so ~/
sudo ldconfig

and retry.


Drive auto mounting as read only (errors=remount-ro)

When you say you ran the fsck at boot and didn't find any errors, do you know that from watching it run or from the log files in /var/log/fsck? If it's from those log files, know that they haven't worked in years (see bug 513644).

How do you know your drive has no errors? Did you run the manufacturer tool from a boot CD such as UBCD?

I would boot to a LiveUSB/LiveCD and check the filesystem manually:

sudo fsck /dev/sda1


Installed ubuntu 14.04.5 but cannot see it in the hard drive. I just locate it (using something else)

The main problem was that ubuntu did not create a boot file. I used a USB based ubuntu (boot from USB driver and try ubuntu), then download a software named bootrepair. Then follow all the instructions by default, the software will create a boot method named GRUB. Finally I can see ubuntu and the windows boot manager in the GRUB when start the computer.


Do I need a dedicated graphic card to run some software virtualized?

No. VirtualBox uses your existing graphics card and does not (as far as I know) have any way of dedicating an extra graphics card to guests. In fact, VirtualBox cannot generally expose all the capabilities of your physical graphics card to guests - guests will always see a virtualbox graphics driver.

To get apps like Photoshop working well in guests, you need to install the Guest Additions software in the guest, and you need to enable 3D acceleration and allocate (usually) 64MB or 128MB of video memory in the guest settings.


Unable to switch display output with Nvidia PRIME to intel

reference: https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/1043405/linux/ubuntu-18-04-headless_390-intel-igpu-after-prime-select-intel-lost-contact-to-geforce-1050ti/

You must prime-select nvidia to enable GPU. prime-select intel will disable GPU.
Create a file /etc/X11/xorg.conf:

Section "Device"
    Identifier     "intel"
    Driver         "modesetting"
    BusID          "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection

Modify /etc/default/grub, add nogpumanager in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT parameter. Then execute update-grub.
Reboot

After rebooting, in nvidia-smi you will see only 7MiB memory are used.
Worked in Ubuntu 18.04 with GTX1060.


ROS won't install on 14.04 (dependency hell)

I had this problem too because I had some gazebo4 and gazebo5 packages installed. Unfortunately, Indigo only comes with gazebo2 and won't install if there are other gazebo packages already present.

Also, from this answer, I had to install this one package first:

sudo apt-get install libsdformat1

After that, ros-indigo-desktop-full installed fine for me on 14.04.


How to open and edit PHP files in Ubuntu server?

For this purpose I suggest using sshfs. Your desired path from your server will be mounted on your local filesystem and you will be able to work with files as they are located in your own computer.

To install:

sudo apt install sshfs

To use:

mkdir ~/mount-server
sshfs user@192.168.56.12:/var/www/html/dir ~/mount-server

Now /var/www/html/dir is mounted on your ~/mount-server, and you can use whatever softwares you are using to work with these files, your own file manager, editors, etc.

to unmount it run:

fusermount -u ~/mount-server


Okay, I found part of the solution:

Go open /usr/share/themes/Clearlooks/metacity-1/metacity-theme-1.xml and modify the right="1" top="2" values in the line saying

<frame_geometry name="normal" ...>
    ...
    <border name="button_border" left="1" right="1" top="2" bottom="1"/>
</frame_geometry>

This fixes the button issues.

However, this does NOT work for the title bar frame! If I go to the top of a maximized window's title bar and double-click it, it doesn't toggle the maximization. I need to move down the mouse by a few pixels to do that.

If anyone knows how to fix that part as well, that'd be great! Otherwise this is my best answer so far.


Make GRUB take entries for only 1 hard disk

Thought I'd bring the information I found to an answer. Let me know if this helps. Original version of this can be found here: HOWTO: Grub Customizer - Ubuntu Forums

First you'll need grub-customizer application. To install do the following in a terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

To start, type this into a terminal: gksu grub-customizer

Making Changes (from Main Page)

Removing / Hiding Entries

Hide An Entire Section: Untick the main header (linux, os-prober, etc)

Example: Unticking os-prober will disable the script and remove all entries normally found by it - Windows, other Ubuntu installations, etc. Even if the entries within the subsection are enabled, they will not be displayed.
Hide Specific Entries: Untick the entry. Example: Unticking Ubuntu, with 2.6.35-24-generic will remove that specific entry in the Grub 2 menu.

Freezing Entries (new Entries)

Unticking "new Entries" prevents the addition of any new Grub 2 menu entries for that section. New options found during updates may be included in the tree view but will not be selected by default.

If a new item is found by an enabled script, it will not be added to the Grub 2 menu.

Example: If 'new Entries' in 'linux' is deselected, when a new kernel is installed on the main system it will not appear in the menu.

Adding Entries

Tick the applicable entry.
Selecting a main category will enable the script.
Selecting an item within a main category will add it to the Grub 2 menu if it's parent is enabled.

Renaming Entries

Double-click a menu title to enable the editing mode. Type the new title and click elsewhere on the page to complete the edit.

Moving Entries

To move a main section, highlight the entry and use the Up/Dn arrows on the main menu to change the menu order. Moving a main category will move all its submenus.

Example: If you want Windows to appear before the main Ubuntu entries, move os-prober to the top of the list.

To move a title up or down within a subsection, highlight the entry and use the Up/Dn arrows on the main menu to change the menu order.

A titles can only be moved within its own subsection.


APT behind auth-proxy "Extra junk at end of file" error

Ok this issue was with 'double quotations mark' I was using i.e “ instead of 'quotation mark' i.e ".
Changing from “ to " resolved my issue.


Ubuntu Gnome 14.04 Amd/Intel Graphics, Fan and Battery Life problem

You should definitely read the official BinaryDriverHowto/AMD guide.

The whole point is to install amd graphics driver first (you are given instructions for that on BinaryDriverHowto/AMD guide), and then apply some fix to be found in here on AskUbuntu, for amd drivers, assuming  they won't work fine after reboot.

Intel drivers for Ubuntu can be found on Intel official page for Linux drivers. Check out section Intel(R) Graphics Installer 1.0.6 for Linux.

After installing drivers for both video cards, I understand that you can easily switch your video cards at your own discretion right from the Amd catalyst center.


Did you try gparted sudo apt-get install gparted? I had the same problem with my new microsd card. Download gparted and format the microsd card to FAT 32 and then unmount/remount. Ubuntu will recognize the card. WARNING this will erase all contents on the card, however the formatting will solve the unreadable properties.


How to install Wine 4.13 (unmet dependencies libfaudio0)?

This is a known problem with versions of Wine > 4.5 for Ubuntu 18.04, 18.10, and 19.04. It occurs because libfaudio0 is not yet available in the official repositories. The package is expected to be included in Ubuntu 19.10.

You may obtain the libfaudio0 from the following locations:

Ubuntu 19.10 (Eoan)
Launchpad PPA
Open Build Service (see WineHQ discussion for details)

Download deb files for both i386 and amd64. Install them using dpkg -i libfaudio*.deb. You should now be able to install Wine from the WineHQ repository.


gksu: Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: :0

If running Ubuntu 17.10 or newer, this issue can arise when an application has not been updated with full support for Wayland. As a workaround until the application is updated, you can run

xhost +SI:localuser:root

which will allow the root user to display applications on your desktop. Also see this Q&A for other possible workarounds: Why don't gksu/gksudo or launching a graphical application with sudo work with Wayland?

source


Brightness works with Function (FN) Keys in Lubuntu 12.10 but not Ubuntu 12.10

same problem for me, brightness key don't work with the kernel Linux 3.5.0-23-generic.

But when I boot with the Linux 3.5.0-17-generic (with grub, just hold shift key when booting and choose advanced , Linux 3.5.0.17 kernel) everything just work !

as the Linux 3.5.0-17 is the base kernel, you should have it installed and you can try that trick.


Raid10: how to tell which disks are in mirror?

/proc/mdstat lists them in the order they were activated/detected, which may change between boots.  The [number] is the logical order they appear in the array, and comes from the order given to mdadm --create.  In your case, using the near layout, sdb1 contains the copy of data on sda1, and sdd1 contains the copy of data from sdc1.

Note that using the offset layout will give better performance since all 4 drives contain a stripe of all data, just like raid0, then the next stripe is all a copy of the first stripe, but rotated by one drive, so that each copy is on a different drive than the original.  Because the main copy of each stripe spans all 4 disks, reads can read from all 4 at the same time, giving higher throughput.


You can always provide a pseudo-file with the < <(command) process substitution syntax:

sed -e "/$find/charts" < <(grep "$jasper" jasperreports.properties | awk -F"reports/" '{print $2}')


warning: GDB: Failed to set controlling terminal: Operation not permitted

I had a similar problem on Ubuntu 16.04 using GDB 7.11 via XTerm. To solve it I simply modified the permissions on the local .gdbinit file by issuing chmod +x /path/to/file/.gdbinit which resolved the issue.


OpenCV installation problem in ubuntu 13.04

Found a solution. make -j is not right. It should have some number after j like the following

make -j2

The above command means run make on two parallel threads. I have suggested an edit to the writer of opencv wiki.


How to count files separated by null characters, as returned by; find . -type f -print0?

Use grep, which can handle lines separated by null characters:

find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -print0 | sort -rz | sed -z 1,10d  | grep -zc .

From man grep:

-z, --null-data
      Treat input and output data as sequences of lines, each terminated by a  zero  byte
      (the ASCII NUL character) instead of a newline.  Like the -Z or --null option, this
      option can be used with commands like sort -z to process arbitrary file names.

  So if (for example) you wanted to find and trash files older than the newest 10 in a directory, you could use ...

No, you couldn't. find's output isn't guaranteed to be in order of creation, modification, access, or anything else for that matter (except in that there's an ordering by -depth, but that's neither here nor there).

You'd need something like:

find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -printf '%T@ %p\0' | sort -Vrz | sed -z '1,10d; s/^[[:digit:].]* //'

which uses the modification time (printed as a unix timestamp using %T@, and sorts by that, using -V version sort as a proxy for general floating-point sort, and then  finally removes the timestamp using sed.


Create txt with full paths to files and some additional text

$ find .  -name *.jpg -exec bash -c 'd=${1%/*}; d=${d##*/}; printf "%s %s\n" "$1" "$d"' Out {} \;
./halva/foo/bar/1/something.jpg 1
./halva/foo/bar/2/another.jpg 2
./halva/foo/bar/2/anotheranother.jpg 2

For every file found by find, we run the bash script d=${1%/*}; d=${d##*/}; printf "%s %s\n" "$1" "$d" where the first argument, $1, is the file name.

We use suffix removal, d=${1%/*}, to obtain the directory name from the full file name.  We then use prefix removal, d=${d##*/}, to remove all but the name of the last directory from d.  Lastly, printf is used to print the output.

The string Out in the above command is not used unless there is an error in the bash command in which case it functions as the effective command name, $0.

Saving the output to a file

To save the output to a file, we use redirection:

find .  -name *.jpg -exec bash -c 'd=${1%/*}; d=${d##*/}; printf "%s %s\n" "$1" "$d"' Out {} \; >SchoolProject.txt

The > symbol redirects stdout to the file name which follows it.


Libreoffice writer is missing its icon. Where should I put a replacement?

It seems like the launcher icons are tied to a *.desktop file and it seems like there are *.desktop files in /usr/share/applications and in ~/.local/share/applications.  I assume the .local version is used if it exists.  So I deleted (renamed really) the libreoffice-writer.desktop file in my .local folder and rebooted.  All is working again.


Booting from a USB on a PC Syslinux Boot Promt

The Could not find kernel image: linux error typically occurs on USB flash drive Linux installations if syslinux could not find the configuration file syslinux.cfg. This configuration file is used to tell syslinux where your kernel image and initrd files are located. In the following section we will cover some of the basic things to look for if you are encountering this boot error.

How to fix Could not find kernel image: linux error:

Use the following troubleshooting guide to assist in fixing the error.

Make sure that the syslinux.cfg file exists on the USB flash drive. Depending on which version of linux you have installed to your flash drive, the syslinux.cfg file should be found at the root of the drive or within the /boot/syslinux or /syslinux directory
If a file named isolinux.cfg exists and syslinux.cfg does not, rename isolinux.cfg to syslinux.cfg
If the syslinux.cfg file does exist and your still encountering the error, open the syslinux.cfg file with a text editor and make sure that the paths to your kernel and initrd files are correct.

Note: With newer versions of syslinux, you may need to check text.cfg for the paths to initrd and kernel in step 3, instead of syslinux.cfg

source


How to do nothing when close laptop and reopen?

You need to go in to System Settings, then Power and change the 'When Lid Is Closed' option from 'Suspend' to 'Do Nothing' as pictured below.


Normally, you can enable the universe and multiverse repositories through the terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo add-apt-repository multiverse

But as you are using 14.10 which is outdated, the official repositories have been moved to a different location and this won't work.

Please upgrade your system! This question will be helpful:
How to install software or upgrade from an old unsupported release?


removing a defined variable from .bashrc

Run:

unset DB_ROOT

Sourcing a file is equivalent to typing out every line in it. So it serves to only set variables, and not unset them.

Normally you don't need to unset variables in ~/.bashrc since they aren't set in the first place. In your case, you can run unset until your environment gets reset (usually a new terminal window will start off afresh).


Problem in installing ubuntu alongside windows 10 on DELL laptop

The best approach would be to:
0 - boot into Ubuntu installation media.
1 - manually divide you hard disk making a free space for Ubuntu.
2 - divide this free space into 1GB and the what ever free space still.
3 - create a new partition for that 1GB and define it a SWAP partition.
4 - create and format the last free space as (primary/logical) partition with EXT4 file system.
5 - install Ubuntu.
6 - have fun.


Some keys on my laptop's keyboard stops working after i login in ubuntu 11.10

if you are using Ubuntu 11.10 , Ubuntu 3D desktop
Press your Super key once

Type Keyboard
Then Layout setting ( blue underlined )
Reset to Defult

Hope this helps


USB mouse disconnecting and reconnecting randomly in 14.04 64bit

Sounds like a USB auto-suspend issue in your case. Kernel boot option usbcore.autosuspend=-1 should be tried to verify.

See: fix-linux-mouse howto


What is the best way installing Ubuntu on an 1 SSD + 2 HDD combination?

Even continual writing on modern SSDs (which yours is) will still get tens of years of life before things start deteriorating. On OCZ drives there's also an overhead the controller uses to swap out bad sectors to further enhance the lifetime.

That's not to say that faults don't happen before then but that's true of all hardware, and let's be honest here, mostly true of mechanical disks.

I wouldn't be too concerned. Back things up as usual (when SSDs "go", they really just stop working so there's no freezer or knocking option to restabilise the platters) and you'll be fine.

Minimising swap usage is just generally good business. Add RAM if you're swapping lots.

And once you have a load of RAM, mounting /tmp with tmpfs (a RAM-based cache) is generally a good idea. I've added this to /etc/fstab:

tmpfs       /tmp        tmpfs   defaults,noatime,mode=1777  0   0
tmpfs       /var/tmp    tmpfs   defaults,noatime,mode=1777  0   0

That'll have the added bonus of speeding things up, but it does require you have enough RAM or you'll just be swapping to disk (and that's much slower).


Desktop doesn't load after installing ATI Driver

I'm going to answer the same as this recent question: What drivers do I need? How do I install them?

  The problem is that the latest fglrx drivers doesn't support 2XXX -
  4XXX graphic cards models. Then, the only way I found that may makes
  the driver working is using fglrx-legacy from this repository:
  https://launchpad.net/~makson96/+archive/fglrx

  The command line steps are these:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:makson96/fglrx
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install fglrx-legacy

  Although, you can install it manually using the official package:
  http://support.amd.com/us/gpudownload/linux/legacy/Pages/legacy-radeon_linux.aspx

If you want to install them with the package from AMD (recommended), you can use this guide: What is the correct way to install proprietary ATI Catalyst Video Drivers (fglrx) directly from AMD?


You can add the user switch widget to your desktop if you have installed plasma-widgets-addons.


What is the meaning of ~ in ~/somefolder?

~ = $HOME = your home directory

The next commands will change to your home directory /home/david if your username is david:

cd
cd ~
cd $HOME
cd /home/david
cd ~david


Ubuntu 18.04 server unable to ping websites but can ping IP addresses

It seems that your server is trying to use IPV6 while it might be unproperly configured. You could try disable ipv6 if not used or check your ipv6 configuration.

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-disable-ipv6-address-on-ubuntu-18-04-bionic-beaver-linux


Problems with Audio Drivers in SSH Session

So it turned out my problem was that my local user wasn't in the audio group.

$ groups
user adm dialout cdrom plugdev fuse lpadmin admin sambashare vboxusers subversion

But the /dev/snd devices where owned by the audio group

$ls -la /dev/snd/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x   4 root root      480 Mar 13 21:03 .
drwxr-xr-x  21 root root     5020 Mar 13 21:03 ..
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root       80 Mar 13 21:03 by-id
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root      120 Mar 13 21:03 by-path
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116, 10 Feb 24 21:48 controlC0
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116,  2 Feb 24 21:48 controlC1
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116, 16 Mar  2 23:44 controlC2
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116, 18 Mar 13 21:03 controlC3
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116, 15 Feb 24 21:48 hwC0D2
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116,  9 Feb 24 21:48 hwC1D0
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116, 12 Feb 24 21:49 pcmC0D0c
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116, 11 Feb 25 22:46 pcmC0D0p
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116, 13 Feb 24 21:49 pcmC0D1p
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116, 14 Feb 24 21:48 pcmC0D2c
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116,  7 Feb 24 21:49 pcmC1D10p
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116,  8 Feb 24 21:49 pcmC1D11p
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116,  3 Feb 24 21:49 pcmC1D3p
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116,  4 Feb 24 21:49 pcmC1D7p
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116,  5 Feb 24 21:49 pcmC1D8p
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116,  6 Feb 24 21:49 pcmC1D9p
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116, 17 Mar  6 22:19 pcmC2D0p
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116, 19 Mar 13 21:43 pcmC3D0c
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116,  1 Feb 24 21:48 seq
crw-rw----+  1 root audio 116, 33 Feb 24 21:48 timer

Interestingly this didn't seem to be causing problems locally, even though it probably should have been. To fix it I simply added my user to the audio group and then loged out and back in again (from my local session NOT the ssh session)


Installing Mysql Workbench on ubuntu 14.04

I got around it by using the latest community version and removing mysql-client from the depends

Assuming mariadb is already installed

Download mysql workbench from http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/tools/workbench/ (version for 13.10 on 14.04 is fine)

From the directory the file is downloaded run:

sudo apt-get remove mysql-workbench mysql-workbench-data

dpkg-deb -x mysql-workbench-community-6.*.deb tmp_mysql-workbench
dpkg-deb --control mysql-workbench-community-6.*.deb tmp_mysql-workbench/DEBIAN
sed -i -e 's/mysql-client, //' tmp_mysql-workbench/DEBIAN/control
dpkg -b tmp_mysql-workbench mysql-workbench-community_patched.deb

sudo dpkg -i mysql-workbench-community_patched.deb


Ctrl+N shortcut key doesn't work properly

Try this for ubuntu:
The shortcuts of your list are related to KDE, etc.

Or this lengthy list on askubuntu itself


download easybcd

add ubuntu to the boot list

make sure the boot type is grub 2 (default is grub)

then make it boot with windows bootloader

btw which windows is this


How to check if repo's in sources.list.d support particular Ubuntu version

Here's a simple script to simplify the task

#!/bin/bash

# enter the codename of ubuntu dist that you're upgrading/updating to
TARGET_DIST="utopic"

[[ -f /etc/lsb-release ]] && . /etc/lsb-release || exit 1
echo "Checking support of your current 3rd party apt sources for dist: $TARGET_DIST"
for list in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list; do
    # get repo uri and dist
    read -r uri dist <<< $(sed -rn '/^deb/{s/.*((ftp|http)[^ ]+) ([^ ]+).*/\1 \3/p}' $list)

    # in case uri is blank
    [[ -z "$uri" ]] && continue

    # some repo don't use proper target dist names but names like stable/unstable
    # so if $dist doesnt correspond to our current dist codename we assume they support all ubuntu releases
    if [[ "$dist" != "$DISTRIB_CODENAME" ]]; then
        status="assume200"
    else
        # Release files can either be in InRelease or Release (for older apt client)
        # See https://wiki.debian.org/RepositoryFormat#A.22Release.22_files
        status=$(curl -sLI -w "%{http_code}" -o /dev/null "$uri/dists/$TARGET_DIST/Release")
        if [[ "$status" != "200" ]]; then
            status=$(curl -sLI -w "%{http_code}" -o /dev/null "$uri/dists/$TARGET_DIST/InRelease")
        fi
    fi

    if [[ "$status" == "200" ]]; then
        result="OK"
    elif [[ "$status" == "assume200" ]]; then
        result="OK ($dist)"
    else
        result="Nope"
    fi
    # finally display formatted results
    printf "%-50s : %s\n" ${list##*/} "$result"
done

Output:

Checking support of your current 3rd party apt sources for dist: utopic
alexx2000-doublecmd-svn-trusty.list                : Nope
b-eltzner-qpdfview-trusty.list                     : Nope
dropbox.list                                       : Nope
google-chrome.list                                 : OK (stable)
linrunner-tlp-trusty.list                          : Nope
nesthib-weechat-stable-trusty.list                 : Nope
rvm-smplayer-trusty.list                           : Nope
spotify-stable.list                                : OK (stable)
steam.list                                         : OK (precise)
ubuntu-wine-ppa-trusty.list                        : Nope
virtualbox.list                                    : Nope


Packages to run Firefox window on a server?

Ubuntu server is not bundled with any graphical desktop environment and due to that, you cannot run traditional GUI apps, which in this case, is firefox
If you don't mind sacrificing some resources, installing a desktop environment would be suitable. LXDE has an extremely low memory footprint (it is also the default DE for RaspberryPi and hence the low memory claim has been validated)
If you only want to perform basic browsing and searching operations,
you can use Links2 or Lynx.

Gtk-Message: Failed to load module "canberra-gtk-module"
Update:
tried connecting with ssh -X and ssh -Y and got the same error.

It still won't run since the GTK modules are absent on your server itself. It cannot render and send it over SSH if it does not have any modules in the first place


Find all files that contain a given clause in their names

You can use the -name or -iname switches of find instead of grepping find's output; also you could narrow the search down to files, and if you have no idea about where it could have been installed you'd better search in / rather than in whichever is your current working directory:

sudo find / -type f -name "*gcc*" -o -name "*arm*" -o -name "*eabi*" -o -name "*4.8*"

As per your comment, you installed it using a PPA, so if the executable has been added to your path you should be able to determine its location by running which arm-none-eabi-gcc; if it hasn't, run sudo find / -type f -name "*arm-none-eabi-gcc*", it should be able to find it.


I connect my VMs through sudo dhclient -v interface-name. Also take a look at VBox Networking Modes to select one in which the DHCP server is visible by the clients.


could not open remote file with libreoffice

I had the same problem, and resolved it in a similar way: use cifs to mount the drive locally. (You need to install the cifs-utils for this to work.)

I would like to add that I am using Ubuntu 18.04 minimal.  I have tried both the snap version of LO and the (old) .deb version (6.x) and neither loaded the remote file.  Furthermore the local mount only works (for me) if I force SMB v.1. Otherwise it's read only (a problem I had last  year as well.)

Also I notice that the Ubuntu full installation of Ubuntu 19 (dingo) works fine, but the minimal install of 19 (dingo) has the same problem.

My assumption here is that the minimal installs are lacking something.

L.


How to install the latest version of ClamTk?

You are able to download the latest ClamTk .deb files from here.


How do I determine what device my DVD drive is mapped to?

Assuming the cdrom is already mounted (it normally mounts automatically when a CD is inserted), just run the following command:

mount | grep ^'/dev/sg' | awk '{print $1}'


So after posting my first question I will now attempt to post my first answer. So the phenomenon is called "tearing" and after looking at this link on the ArchLinux wiki

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/intel_graphics#Configuration

It was mentioned that you could create a configuration file and add an option called tearfree.

So the steps are:

create directory xorg.conf.d inside /etc/X11/
create a file named 20-intel.conf inside /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/ and insert these lines inside:

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
    Driver      "intel"
    Option      "TearFree"    "true"
EndSection

Voila! No more screen tearing!


grep / sed / awk / count between two lines in file not whole file

Install xmllint:

apt-get install libxml2-utils

Check wether your xml path exists in context default:

xmllint --xpath "//busconfig/policy[@context='default']/allow[@send_destination='org.freedesktop.thermald']" /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.thermald.conf >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo good || echo bad

Check vice-versa if your path is inexistent in the other context:

! xmllint --xpath "//busconfig/policy[@user='root']/allow[@send_destination='org.freedesktop.thermald']" /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.thermald.conf >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo good || echo bad


Ubuntu 18.04 SR-IOV on Intel ixgbe - Intel X550

I solved this, was a lack of documentation from Dell side.
I had to enable also SR-IOV for each NIC, in the Device Settigs from the System Configuration, the global enabler is not enough.


How to terminate application called from bash script?

I offer you a simpler but uglier solution. :-)
You can kill a process after an amount of time with a package called timelimit:

sudo apt-get install timelimit

(on a terminal)

The -t option of timelimit is the number of seconds a process will stay alive: after that it will be killed (brutally) with the SIGKILL signal (if you did not specify other signals with the -S option).

timelimit OPTIONS command arguments

Edit: IF you want to use a "professional" solution, use trap:

trap 'kill $(jobs -p)' EXIT

It will execute the command in the commas after the "EXIT" signal.
To test it:trap "yes test" EXIT ... then use the exit command. Bye.


Why does cron job not work when using a script?

In cron you have to use the full path to the script:

/path/to/script.sh


There are usually at least 2 common reasons:

Either you aren't executing this command as root (typing id shows you who you're logged in as or
Something else is managing packages at the same time you're trying to install a new one.

To verify if there's anything else managing packages at this time, run ps -ef | grep dpkg - if you get dpkg processes in the output, just wait a bit and retry after they're gone.

Make sure to attempt the installation as root via:

sudo aptitude install vim


Retrieving Windows files with USB adapter; Linux install wiped out Windows

The first action you should perform is to make a bit-for-bit copy of all the data. Any further processing should be done on this copy, in order to prevent further data loss.
The dd command is ideal for this:
$ dd if=/dev/sdb of=my_harddrive.img bs=1024

This will copy every bit of the harddrive /dev/sdb into the file named harddrive.img, copying 1024 bytes at a time. It will take a long time. Make sure you have plenty of disk space to save the file.
Now that you have your backup file, there are many ways to attempt data recovery. Personally, I'm a fan of PhotoRec which, despite its name, can recover much more than just photos.
$ photorec my_harddrive.img

Good luck!


How to start evolution in a specific folder?

This page says that you can provide the folder to start with as a command line parameter. So you will have to edit the shortcut you use to start Evolution to point to your folder.


Cannot create certificate with letsencrypt, or stop the conflicting service

I fixed this by stopping the gitlab service. It's called gitlab-ctl rather than just gitlab


Is it possible to control app volume from taskbar?

As of writing I have not found a solution for Ubuntu Unity. But having just moved to Ubuntu Gnome I was glad to find out several that are part of the Gnome desktop in the form of an extension:

Laine.
It controls the volume of the application in Pulse Audio not the native application volume.

Volume Mixer
(Media player indicator) for media players which supposedly has volume control but I haven't seen it yet. Maybe I need a reboot.

On a related topic the Gnome Shell Audio Output Switcher is handy to switch between audio outputs.

After trying the above I ended up with Volume Mixer and Gnome Shell Audio Output Switcher. Here's a screenshot:


import glob
path = '*.csv'
files=glob.glob(path)
output=[]
for file in files:
    with open(file) as f:
        lines=f.readlines()
        for line in lines:
            output.append(line)

Then, you can print the list to check the output

print(output)


ubuntu is not able to start up with Bluetooth error

I had the same, then I found hint to remove word "splash" from grub start command line
from /boot/grub/grub.cfg, try to remove word "splash" from that file (running for example "try ubuntu" from install iso cd) and restart. It should run as usual. It is something with nvidia drivers. I don't know exactly what, but this solution wors for me.


How can I make window shadows larger than 18?

If the shadow setting is in the theme you will have to edit it inside the theme.

How To Edit A Theme:

cd /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/metacity-1
sudo nano metacity-theme-1.xml

Find the line (use CTRL+W to search) that says:

<shadow radius=”45.0″ opacity=”0.75″ color=”#abde4f” x_offset=”1″ y_offset=”4″/

Change the radius to a value you can deal with… I chose 10.


Trying to install Ubuntu with Windows 10 in GPT with early UEFI bios

I finally got it running. The key was to boot the UEFI version of the installer. I had to wipe everything.

The second thing was that there is a legacy grub installed in the MBR of the second hard drive and I got confused about the disk names and didn't notice it was trying to boot from that one. Just selecting the proper one after the reinstall made it happen.

Thank you everybody.


Renaming date-stamped files to the previous day

If you have 100 files (and have access to perl rename, generally the case in Ubuntu) you could use:

for n in {100..1}; do rename -n "s/$(date --date="$n days ago" +"%Y%m%d")/$(date --date="$(($n+1)) days ago" +"%Y%m%d")/" *; done

Now, when you use -n for testing, it complains like this:

rename(file20170217, file20170216)
file20170218 not renamed: file20170217 already exists
file20170219 not renamed: file20170218 already exists

But when you run it without -n the file no longer exists, so the renaming is successful:

for n in {100..1}; do rename "s/$(date --date="$n days ago" +"%Y%m%d")/$(date --date="$(($n+1)) days ago" +"%Y%m%d")/" *; done

If you have more than 100 files, you need to increase the range to {150..1} or whatever.

This is very slow. It will take maybe 2 minutes or more to rename 100 files. But it works.


Change ownership when owned have space in name?

2 options come to mind:

Escape the space: mysql\ -
Use MySQL Workbench/administrator

But I would advice to change the user to one without a space in it.


Difference between three and four digit file permissions?

The first digit in a four-digit permission is the sum of set user id  (4), set group id (2) and sticky (1).  A three-digit permission is just like a four-digit permission with the first digit set to zero.  Thus:

0644 is exactly the same as 644.
1644 is like 644 but the sticky bit is also set
4644 is like 644 but the set user ID bit is also set.

Examples of uses for the fourth-digit permissions

If a file with set user ID is executed, then it is executed as if by the owner of the file rather than the user doing the executing.  Thus, for example, /bin/mount is commonly owned by root and has permissions 4755 where the 4 signifies that, even if executed by a normal user, it will run with the owner's (root's) privileges.

Setting group ID on a directory is useful for sharing files.

The sticky bit is used on directories like /tmp so that all users can create files but prevents non-owners from deleting other people's files.  Thus, the permissions of /tmp are typically 1777 where 1 signifies that the sticky bit is set.

Documentation

From man chmod:

  A numeric mode is from one to four octal digits (0-7), derived by adding up the bits with values 4, 2, and 1.  Omitted digits are
  assumed to be leading zeros.  The  first
   digit  selects  the set user ID (4) and set group ID (2) and restricted deletion or sticky (1) attributes.  The second digit
  selects permissions for the user who owns the
   file: read (4), write (2), and execute (1); the third selects permissions for other users in the file's group, with the same values;
  and the fourth for other users not in
   the file's group, with the same values.


Try to run sudo apt-get update, (you'll need to type in your password) normally when you see the "access denied" you just need to make sure you run the command as super user so it has the proper rights.


Why a file generated with sudo is not owned by root?

See man tcpdump. It's generally good practice to NOT run as root if it's not necessary, so the developers added:

  -Z user
  --relinquish-privileges=user
         If  tcpdump is running as root, after opening the capture device
         or input savefile, change the user ID to user and the  group  ID
         to the primary group of user.

         This  behavior  is  enabled  by default (-Z tcpdump), and can be
         disabled by -Z root.

In other words: tcpdump, once spawned, does not need to keep root permissions, so it sheds them.


Here a picture of unity desktop:

and here a picture of gnome desktop:

I think you will be able to recognise which of the two is your desktop.


Is there any official ports of Ubuntu touch for nexus 6

No. The Nexus 6 is not officially supported. A rundown of possible devices does not list any Nexus 6:

List of supported devices:

Nexus 4
Nexus 7 2013 WiFi
Nexus 10

No longer supported but had community support:

Galaxy Nexus
Nexus 7 2012

Not supported but port with system-image server or work in progress also does not list a Nexus 6.


Set permanent environment variable for a folder

Using direnv

Install direnv, which is a tool for this purpose which is a statically linked executable that hooks into your shell (csh,bash, and the like)

sudo apt-get install direnv && echo "eval "$(direnv hook bash)"" >> ~/.bashrc

Now to whichever folder you'd like the environment variables to be set, add an .direnvrc file that must have valid bash syntax. For example of your case, you can load both pyenv's version management as well as your own variables by setting your .direnvrc to:

use_python() {
  local python_root=$PYENV_ROOT/versions/$1
  load_prefix "$python_root"
  if [[ -x "$python_root/bin/python" ]]; then
    layout python "$python_root/bin/python"
  else
    echo "Error: $python_root/bin/python can't be executed."
    exit
  fi
}
export CUSTOM_VAR="xyz";

You can see other examples at their wiki

Thanks to @ChrisKuehl in the comments for the suggestion

Another alternate approach would be to override the PROMPT_COMMAND (as suggested in the comments by @steeldriver) to point to a function that loads your environment variable up, by adding something like this to your .bashrc

prmfn() {
  if [ "$PWD" == "yourdirectorypath" ]; then
    export CUSTOM_ENV_VAR=value
  else
    unset CUSTOM_ENV_VAR
  fi
}

export PROMPT_COMMAND=prmfn

Now when you enter yourdirectorypath, it'll automatically set CUSTOM_ENV_VAR, when you exit out of it, it'll unset(remove) the variable, hence that variable is only available when the current directory is yourdirectorypath


This is because postfix by default does not relay mail for other hosts. It accepts e-mail for the domains it is configured to receive mail for (mydestination), and relays mail for mynetworks.

This is so that a spammer can not use your e-mail server to send spam. Running an open relay is a very bad idea, as it will probably be abused in minutes, and may possibly violate your ISPs Terms of Service, leading to termination of internet service.

This behavior is controlled by the following section (split up by me to improve readability):

smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_auth_destination,
                           permit_mynetworks,
                           permit_sasl_authenticated,
                           permit_inet_interfaces,
                           defer_unauth_destination

As we can see, you allow authorized destinations, your own networks, sasl-authenticated clients and inet_interfaces (e.g. IP-address of the client matches one of the IP's of the machine running the mailserver, effectively allowing local access). When you're outside your own network and try to send mail to a third party, you're effectively in the unauth_destination-group - which is not permitted.

The solution is to authenticate the user to the mailserver. Configure postfix with a TLS certificate (even a self signed will do, or use Let's Encrypt), and use StartTLS to encrypt communication so you can safely transmit a password.

To configure Postfix to use encryption, add the following above your current configuration:

smtpd_tls_cert_file=/path/to/certificate.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/path/to/key.pem
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtp_tls_security_level = may

Then configure whichever mailclient you are using to use StartTLS, and authenticate using an account on the mailserver.

DO NOT BE TEMPTED TO CONFIGURE YOUR MAIL SERVER AS AN OPEN RELAY! Running an open relay will get you blacklisted everywhere in a very short time. Configure authentication!


Can I have one user language in Polish and keep the sudoer's account (mine) in English?

There is "Language Support" in the menu, just add Polish, then logout, select Polish at the login screen, and login as the desired user.


System unity crashed in ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Type the following in  Terminal:

 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

Now reboot and you should have the Unity desktop environment installed.

if it shows and dependency problem or error try these steps:

    sudo apt-get check
    sudo apt-get install -f

It should repair all problems with dependencies or errors


This is not „the terminal way”, but you can look the processors up on cpubenchmark.net. It will give you an approximate value how well their benchmark performs on the selected processors. There is a page on how they test.

AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-60: 994 points
Intel Core2 Duo T5500 @ 1.66GHz: 925 points

According to the readings, they have roughly the same power and both play in the „Low Mid Range CPUs League”.


The man page of objdump mentions a -m flag for specifying the architecture. Maybe it needs that hint to be able to read non native files?


Ctrl + L in the open file dialog will allow you to edit the path.

I normally have a file browser in the destination folder. I use

Ctrl + L  and Ctrl + C

to copy the path. Then, in the open file dialog,

Ctrl + L  and Ctrl + V

to paste it. Finally

Enter

So the open file dialog goes to that folder.


KDE application launcher shortcut ALT+F1 not working after reboot

I am on OpenSUSE 42.3 but found the following: I had to edit ~/.config/plasma-org.kde.plasma.desktop-appletsrc in addition to ~/.config/kglobalshortcutsrc. You will look for the widget number you want to delete (Widget 56 in my case), and then delete the referenced to that number (picture attached). In my case, I had to delete the entire [containments] section that the launcher was in ([Containments][21] in the picture), due to a panel that disappeared during a driver upgrade.

After that, I deleted the reference to the shortcut in ~/.config/kglobalshortcutsrc, then logged out. When I logged back in, I was able to set the shortcut as I wanted.


Hard Disk Full but Files size is about half the hard disk size

I have got various users configured in the system, all of them administrators, and I have found that Filelight does not count files in other users' home directories.

The total size of the file system when exploring the root directory is 239,5 GiB from one user but 416,6 GiB from the other user. I tried executing Filelight as root user but it didn't work... anyway, I found the files that were filling the file system.


No space left, even though I have an untouched 990 GB partition

It appears that during installation, the 990 GB that you expect to see was not partitioned and mounted.

Per your comment, you can't get gparted to install.  You can resize your root partition with the following command set:

sudo parted resize /dev/sda2 30000
sudo resize2fs /dev/sda2

This would increase the size of your root partition to 30 GB.  I would then install gparted, and increase the size of the partition there to encompass your entire disk, although other people prefer different partition schemes.

The utility 'cfdisk' should be already installed on your system, and can be used to create a new ext4 partition.  Alternatively, you may be able to create enough free space on your current partition to install gparted by

sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt clean
sudo apt install gparted

If you can get gparted working, you can extend the size of '/dev/sda2' to occupy the entire disk.  Alternatively, there is a procedure for creating a new home diectory...

Using either 'gparted' or 'cfdisk', create a new partition in the empty space on your disk.  blkid should then be used to find the UUID of the partition, which you will need.

Having a partition and the UUID:  the steps are then listed below but please read https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Partitioning/Home/Moving for a detailed description of what's going on.

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.$(date +%Y-%m-%d)
cmp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.$(date +%Y-%m-%d)

Open the original fstab in a text editor:

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

and add these lines into it

# (identifier)  (location, eg sda5)   (format, eg ext3 or ext4)      (some settings)
UUID=????????   /media/home    ext4          defaults       0       2

Now mount the new partition

sudo mkdir /media/home
sudo mount -a

Copy your current home directory to the new location, move the location of the current home directory, and change the mountpoint of the partition, and eventually reboot...

sudo rsync -aXS --exclude='/*/.gvfs' /home/. /media/home/.

We now need to modify the fstab again to point to the new partition and mount it as /home. So again on a command-line

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

and now edit the lines you added earlier, changing the "/media/home" part to simply say "/home" so that it looks like this:

# (identifier)  (location, eg sda5)   (format, eg ext3 or ext4)      (some settings)
UUID=????????   /home    ext3          defaults       0       2

cd / && sudo mv /home /old_home && sudo mkdir /home
sudo reboot

You should now have your '/home' directory on the new partition (with a lot of free space), and can remove the '/old_home' directory, freeing some space on the primary disk.


The best security is the person using the computer. Use some of the addons mentioned, be careful which sites you visit and download from, do not click on links unless you know them.  The best anti-virus/malware will not protect you from yourself or from stupid people who leave all your information on an open database.


What to do when deja-dup restore failed?

looks like you are missing a volume.

try to add the parameter '--ignore-errors' to the duplicity call, and monitor the output for files not restorable. ..ede/duply.net

from the duplicity man page

  --ignore-errors

  Try to ignore certain errors if they happen. This option is only intended to allow the restoration of a backup in the face of certain problems that would otherwise cause the backup to fail. It is not ever recommended to use this option unless you have a situation where you are trying to restore from backup and it is failing because of an issue which you want duplicity to ignore. Even then, depending on the issue, this option may not have an effect.

  Please note that while ignored errors will be logged, there will be no summary at the end of the operation to tell you what was ignored, if anything. If this is used for emergency restoration of data, it is recommended that you run the backup in such a way that you can revisit the backup log (look for lines containing the string IGNORED_ERROR).

  If you ever have to use this option for reasons that are not understood or understood but not your own responsibility, please contact duplicity maintainers. The need to use this option under production circumstances would normally be considered a bug.


Roman:
sudo systemctl enable nginx

Can you try with this command to set link to init as SysV?
update-rc.d nginx defaults

Why set nginx defaults?
When  run  with  the  defaults  option,  update-rc.d  makes links named
       /etc/rcrunlevel.d/[SK]NNname that point to the script /etc/init.d/name,
       using  runlevel  and  dependency information from the init.d script LSB
       comment header.


How to show automounted devices (pendrives, ext. HDDs) in the sidebar instead of on the desktop?

This is a missing feature of the GNOME extension called Dash to Dock  (even though there are attempts to include this feature, it's not ready yet). Ubuntu Dock found in Ubuntu 17.10 and later is a fork of Dash to Dock.
(Update: The feature is now available and enabled by default on Ubuntu 19.10 and later.)
But you can achieve almost the same feature you're looking for using another extension, but you'll get an indicator in top-bar instead of in the dock. The extension is called "Removable Drive Menu". It shows an indicator in top-bar with the unmount option whenever a drive is mounted.

You can install the extension by simply toggling a button on here (provided you have chrome-gnome-shell package and an appropriate browser extension installed).
If you don't want to install the browser extension, you can get the archive from the webpage instead and simply extract it to ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/. Then you can manage GNOME extensions using (GNOME) Tweaks or gnome-shell-extension-prefs.


How do I make my Ubuntu Desktop PC a server?

If you wish to host a html webpage on your Ubuntu Desktop installation, you can easily do so by installing apache2, a web server. More configuration may be needed if you want to host php files.

Install apache2

sudo apt-get install apache2

Put your webpage and other files that you want to host in /var/www/html/
Browse your page at http://localhost/

After you're done testing it out, you can remove apache2 along with any other configuration files with sudo apt-get purge apache2.


What is OpenStack and is it like Citrix XenServer?

Openstack is not a hypervisor .. as I see it, you'll still need to either run it's various components on different nodes OR virtualize the nodes within a hypervisor.

I'm researching how to get started, but you could in theory start an Openstack cloud with a Xen Server running 2-3 nodes.

  Configuring the Hypervisor

  For production environments the most tested hypervisors are KVM and
  Xen-based hypervisors. KVM runs through libvirt, Xen runs best through
  XenAPI calls. KVM is selected by default and requires the least
  additional configuration. This guide offers information on both but
  the specific walkthrough configuration options set up KVM.

source : http://docs.openstack.org/grizzly/openstack-compute/install/apt/content/configuring-the-hypervisor.html

  I once tried hosting my VMs on Ubuntu Server with KVM and some sort of
  VM management tool from the Software Centre.

  It was awful.

  This isn't that is it? Or maybe it's a lot better now. (that was back
  in 2010 or 2011 I think)

I am a big user of VMWare ESXi .. and I'm finished.  No matter what I'm going to KVM.*  I am SURE it's gotten leaps and bounds better since then.  Vmware wasn't even where it is today back then..

*Edit: upon further inspection KVM is great at it's core, but I need more enterprise like features that VMWare provided.  Xen Server has me HOOKED


Wired Connection Stoped working after update

Use these 2 commands.It worked for me.

sudo lshw -c network -sanitize
sudo modprobe r8169

Else refer these links.

ethernet-not-connecting-on-boot

no-wired-ethernet-connection

Ethernet -not-connecting


Laptop lost power while installing dual boot Ubuntu gnome along side Windows 10

It is not recommended that you use Windows Disk Manager for partitioning. Because it can results in a dynamic partition table. And dynamic partitions are not supported by non-windows operating systems.

In your case you should first install ntfs-3g package, for your system to be able to read NTFS file systems.

$ apt-get install ntfs-3g

Then simply try to resize the partition. And it should work.

NOTE: and make sure to shrink from right.


How do I dual boot Ubuntu 13.10 on my Windows 8.1 Samsung NP35V5C-A01US laptop?

You have to select it to boot up - disable Secure Boot in BIOS (like a hardware settings thing before Windows boots up), and allow booting from USB. There is a helpful guide here.

Save your changes, and power off and on again - then select 'Boot Device Menu' or something similar, and then the USB or Disc entry under the manufacturer of the USB stick or disk drive.


Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS installation failed. says: "GRUB installation failed"

It's a bug. /pool/main/g/grub2-signed/grub-efi-amd64-signed 1.9~ubuntu12.04.4+1.99-21ubuntu3.10_amd64.deb file rename when you burn it in CD/DVD or usb disk to grub-efi-amd64-signed 1.9~ubuntu12.04.4+1.99-21ubuntu3.10_amd.deb. As a result installation script can't find the file and failed to install grub. Quick workaround is that(if you burn iso in USB flash drive) go to pool/main/g/grub2-signed(in usb flash disk) and rename the deb file manually (add 64). Now boot from usb flash drive and run a disk check to be sure.


unable to install any software or package

There could be a couple reasons for that.
Here are some things you can try:

In a Terminal type the following commands:

sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get clean

then these :

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/* -vf
sudo apt-get update

Finally If none of those get rid of it.
I would do this:

sudo apt-get install synaptic

when install go to synaptic and click on edit then fix broken packages.
I would like to suggest synaptic for package management anyway.

Let me know how that works out.

For more information Click Here.


Can I remove the unity launcher completely?

No, currently there is no way to remove it or stop this functionality. If you don't want the Unity Launcher you will have to remove Unity as the two are not separable.

The best you can do to remove the Unity Launcher (though this is probably what you have already done) is:

Open the System Settings:

Go to the Appearance settings:

Then click on the Behaviour tab:

And finally turn on the Auto-hide the Launcher setting, set the Reveal location to Top left corner, and drag the Reveal sensitivity slider to Low:

But this is really it, there's not much more that you can do, and if you really want to remove the Unity Launcher then you'll have to remove Unity, and the safest way to do that is just to install another Ubuntu Flavour.


How do I adjust the brightness on a Toshiba Satellite L750/L755?

Your best bet would be to reference this post, while it doesn't reference your exact machine many users have used this patch to fix their screen brightness problems. If you are starting to wonder about Toshiba Satellite backlit keys as well (just taking a jump here), its a known bug; and it has been flagged with a low priority by Canonical.


You can dual-boot both operating systems.
The general steps are as follows:

From Windows, shrink the partition Windows uses (it uses the entire disk by default). You want to give yourself enough space for Ubuntu, which doesn't require much compared to Windows. If you shrunk it 100GB, you would be fine for the foreseeable future.
Download the Ubuntu .iso, and create a bootable flash drive or CD/DVD. There is free software out there to do this.
Put in the flashdrive or CD/DVD, then turn off your computer.
Turn the computer back up, stopping the boot process so you can get into BIOS.
Tell the computer to boot from either flash or the CD/DVD drive, whichever you put Ubuntu on.
You will be greeted with some options, just go into Live mode.
You can now mess around and test how things work. Once you're happy, click on Install to Hard Disk (something along those lines) and follow the instructions :)

You now have both Windows and Ubuntu installed on the same computer. When you turn on your computer now, you will be given the GRUB screen where you can choose whether you want to boot into Windows or Ubuntu.


Is it possible to run Adobe Dreamweaver on Ubuntu?

According to the reviews of Adobe Dreamweaver and Photoshop at the WineHQ App Database, both applications can be run on Ubuntu using Wine, which is available from the default Ubuntu repositories Different versions of Dreamweaver and Photoshop have been given ratings ranging from Bronze to Platinum.


Where do I place a file for bookmarks for all users

Create /usr/lib/firefox/defaults/profile directory and put a customized bookmarks.html file inside.

It works on Ubuntu 12.04.


;tldr Avoid using the Fractional scaling and solve the scale of your high-dpi screen by reducing its resolution.
I was dealing with a terribly slow GNOME desktop for a few days now (after a fresh install of Ubuntu 20.04). I do not use any GNOME extensions and I have turned off animations using Gnome Tweaks. I also installed sudo apt install indicator-cpufreq to set CPUs to performance instead of powersafe. I checked the BIOS settings to aim for the maximum performance when on AC. But nothing helped. All window movements were lagged, sluggish, movements were ~2s delayed. Mouse cursor was jumpy. It always took 1-2s to change a Firefox tab and scrolling was not at all smooth and freezing at random times for a while. YouTube videos were unwatchable, even scrolling through a terminal was slow! It was just unacceptable.
I have a reasonably powerful notebook so it just did not feel right:

Lenovo Thinkpad X1 Carbon 7gen 20QD
CPU Intel® Core™ i7-8565U CPU @ 1.80GHz × 8
GPU Mesa Intel® UHD Graphics 620
RAM 16GB
OS NAME Ubuntu 20.04.LTS
GNOME Version 3.36.3
Windowing system X11
ThinkPad USB-C Gen2 Docking station
3 monitors (built-in 14" WQHD, external 24" and 22")

I made sure that I have:

everything updated
the newest kernel (5.4.0-40-generic)
newest UEFI BIOS etc.

As it turns out, the problem was in the Fractional scaling the whole time. I know they write May increase power usage, lower speed, or reduce display sharpness, but damn this was not usable at all.
But I can not live without it, since my built-in display is WQHD (2560x1440) and when the Fractional scaling is off, both external monitors are OK, but everything on the built-in display is just tiny and unreadable. I tried switching to Wayland, it seemed promising for a while, until random freezes started occurring so I ditched the idea.
And then I realized I can just lower the resolution on my built-in monitor <facepalm>. The final solution was to turn off the Fractional scaling and reducing the resolution of the built-in monitor to FullHD. I sacrificed some sharpness, but the whole desktop is lightning fast now even with the animations and on powersave. I hope the Fractional scaling will get better at some point.


Can Ubuntu use fringe wifi and mobile broadband at the same time

No. When you transmit a packet, the routing tables pick a single destination.


Can SuperCollider work without Jack / with just PulseAudio in Ubuntu, or can Jack present an audio input as if it were in PulseAudio?

Supercollider requires JACK for audio playback, does not appear to support playback to Pulseaudio or ALSA

presumably PyTorch can only capture from Pulseaudio and not JACK

suspect JACK is set to use USB device that would normally be capturing
audio for PyTorch
would explain why device is not available in Pulseaudio

if package pulseaudio-jack is installed
Pulseaudio MAY automatically load audio connections between Pulseaudio and JACK

Pulseaudio JACK Sink for audio playback in Pulseaudio to JACK
Pulseaudio JACK Source for audio in JACK to audio capture in Pulseaudio

audio in JACK connected to Pulseaudio JACK Source will be sent to Pulseaudio and will appear as a recording source in Pulseaudio, similar to the USB device source
if Pulseaudio JACK Sink auto-connects to 'system:capture' USB device not available in Pulseaudio directly, may now be connected again through JACK

if connection 'Pulseaudio JACK Source' is not loaded automatically in JACK, it can be added with:

pactl load-module module-jack-source channels=2 connect=0

option 'connect=0' prevents auto-connection to 'system:capture' connections

when connection is in place, supercollider output connected to Pulseaudio JACK Sink will be available in Pulseaudio for capture/recording


cannot install language package in ubuntu18.04

Firefox has been updated to version 67.0.1. Try closing Firefox, check for updates, and then add French.

~$ apt-cache policy firefox-locale-fr
firefox-locale-fr:
     67.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 500
        ...
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 Packages

Version 67.0.xxx is, indeed, unavailable.


How can I set desktop icons to auto-align to the right side of the screen?

this has been a nautilus bug since they first came out with nautilus:

http://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42479

if you download the source you can look at it yourself: currently tbrl (top-bottom-right-left, the ordering you want) isn't implemented and just uses tblr instead. so you have to hack it yourself or wait for an official fix. there seems to be not much progress in it though.


Please recommend partition sizes for my dual-boot configuration (1TB, big NTFS partition, big apps)

It's difficult to know these things in advance, of course, so even with the best planning you may need to make adjustments later.  However, I'd recommend the following:

You won't likely need a swap partition larger than 8 GB.  You have room for it and it won't hurt, but it doesn't make much sense, either, so if I were you I'd keep /swap at 8 GB.

I've had my root partition at 30 GB for about a year, and I'm still using less than 10 GB of it.  You might install larger programs than I do, so give yourself a buffer: I'd recommend 20 - 30 GB.

As for the /home partition, that's where you'll store your data and files, including pictures, videos, projects, etc., whatever sorts of things you store and keep.  I don't what sorts of things you keep, but in my case my pictures take up perhaps the largest share.  Even so, having given myself lots of room (about 300 GB for /home), I have used only about 50 GB.  You'll have to decide for yourself, but since you'll use a large NTFS partition to share data with Windows, you can probably get away with 30 - 60 GB for /home, with the knowledge that you might make adjustments later.

As far as space for Windows and its apps, etc., if you think you need 150 GB then that sounds fine.  And the rest NTFS to share?  That's fine, too.  (Eventually you might want to revise that, but it's certainly fine at the beginning.)

You didn't say whether or not you already have Windows installed on the drive, but I assume you do.  Windows can sometimes get finicky when being resized.  I would recommend resizing your Windows partition first from within Windows itself using the Windows administrative tools, and then you can create the Ubuntu partitions as you install it.


Observed similar in Ubuntu 18.04 (xorg based). Using gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power ambient-enabled false solved it by switching off automatic brightness.


Lenovo Yoga3 Pro wifi driver does not work

Turn off the secure boot
Remove bcmwl-kernel-source:

sudo apt purge bcmwl-kernel-source

Re-install bcmwl-kernel-source:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

Reboot. Your wireless should now be working.

Check this link for more information.


Sudo: /usr/bin/sudo must be owned by uid 0 and have setuid bit set

O.k. since you're able to TTY login do the following:

sudo chown -R <your-user-name>:<your-user-name> /home/<your-user-name>

After that make sure .Xauthority is renewed when you next log in delete it or rename it.

mv /home/<your-user-name>/<your-user-name>{,.disabled}

But if you're indeed changed the owner of all files around your computer to your user you might be better off, saving your files to an external drive and reinstalling since reworking the proper users would be a pain and give you for sure a big headache in the long run.

If you having troubles getting your files onto an other drive this way you as well can use a live USB/CD and choose try Ubuntu and go from there.


Problem While Installing Synapse Indicator?

So this is going to sound silly...  I got the ppa:noobslab/indicators and installed classicmenu-indicator. I received basically the same error:

Unmet dependencies... blah blah blah and then this:

The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 indicator-synapse : Depends: libgranite1 (>= 0.2.0~) but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.*

I removed and cleaned up the install, and then went to the Software Center and just downloaded the classicmenu-indicator. It works fine. I'm no expert and don't really understand what happened, but it works fine.


Connection timeout to streams.canonical.com when installing juju

Solved it!!!!
Seems like for JUJU bootstrap to work IP forwarding needs to be enabled on MAAS server.

Refer: https://github.com/Ubuntu-Solutions-Engineering/openstack-installer/issues/901


Why Ubuntu.Components 0.1 missing from QTCreator?

I found out the solution at least for ubuntu 12.04. I had to go to the official site http://qt-project.org/downloads#qt-creator and download the latest Qt package which is Qt 5.0.0.

*Note: Ubuntu 12.04 doesn't include the latest Qt version, so you have to download it manually.

Qt libraries 5.0.0 for Linux 64-bit (410 MB)
Qt libraries 5.0.0 for Linux 32-bit (411 MB)

*Note: Before the installation i removed the previous version of QtCreator (2.5.0)

All you have to do in order to install Qt5 package is:

chmod 755 qt-linux-opensource-5.0.0-x86_64-offline.run

Then just execute the package and run the installer with the default settings.

./qt-linux-opensource-5.0.0-x86_64-offline.run
Now should exist /opt/qt5/imports/Ubuntu/Components path, with all the libraries!

After that i followed the instructions of the CurrencyConverter

*Note that line:
import Ubuntu.Components 0.1
is still highlighted with a red line but the program runs normally by choosing
Tools > External > Qt Quick > Preview (qmlviewer) (thanks to @David Planella)


How to activate scrolling for the Kensington Slimblade Trackball?

I dont wanna sound stupid but did you try turning the ball like a big volume button?
I still use Bionic Beaver and its plug and play.


GUI Setting is not working and missing - 20.04

I tried to reinstall my gnome-control-center and finally it works!
sudo apt install --reinstall gnome-control-center


How do I install the NVIDIA driver for a GeForce 6200?

I just did this last night.  Here is what I did.

Copy all instructions down somewhere or cut & paste to a text file you can read on a virtual console - you will be completing this without a graphical user interface.
Download the appropriate Linux driver from nvidia.com.  It comes as a "self extracting archive" that you run just like a shell script.  I changed permissions on the file after download was complete to make it executable (chmod +x << name of download file >>).
Run sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r` in a terminal.
At this point I switched to a virtual console (hold down Ctrl+Alt+F6 at the same time). By default Ubuntu seems to preconfigure 5 virtual consoles ... might come in handy to switch back and forth at some point. Just replace F6 with any function key from F1 to F5.
Shutdown X-Windows: sudo service lightdm stop
Remove old version drivers: sudo apt-get --purge remove $(dpkg -l | grep nvidia | awk '{print $2}')
Run the downloaded script from NVIDIA and follow all of its prompts: sudo <script>
Reboot.

At one point the NVIDIA script complained about some pre-install script having an error and gave me the option to continue or not - I continued.  Seems to be working.

No warranties expressed or implied - use at your own risk. :)


Smartctl ceased to work after recent updates

Acording to a ticket in a smartctl tracker, this is a known bug and modern kernels disable SAT ATA PASS-THROUGH for seagate enclosures, when in UAS mode due to problems with some of them.

Fortunately, enclosure with id 0bc2:331a seems to be fully functional if you disable this behavior.

To do so you should add

quirks=0bc2:331a:

option to usb-storage module.

Alternatively, you could disable UAS. In this case  use

quirks=0bc2:331a:u

option.

I found this answer to be very helpful in understanding how to properly apply this module option.


Enable Jayatana for Android Studio using commandline in Ubuntu 15.10

I figured out how to do that. The correct command is

JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS="-javaagent:/usr/share/java/jayatanaag.jar $JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS" /path/to/android-studio/bin/studio.sh

So I just had to remove the ;


How to remove Wine program entries from the "Open With" list?

Try using this

   sudo apt-get purge wine


re: crossover & standard cables

NIC ports (network interface cards connectors) have a pin for sending data, and another for receiving data. A standard cable will connect the 'send' pin on one machine to the 'send' pin on another so sent data gets lost (neither machine hears it). A crossover cable however, swaps the send-receive pins so two machines can communicate directly (hearing each others sent traffic). Crossover cables have pins 2 & 3 swapped on UTP (unshielded twisted pair) cable.

Connecting PC to PC should require crossover cables in theory; hubs or [network]switches do this function normally. However in practice most NICs have auto-sensing ports that detect this condition & make the swap electronically, so crossover cables are rarely needed on modern hardware.

re: your task

ICMP echo request (ping) is working so connection is good.

You need a protocol to transfer files such as SaMBa where a reference is https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Samba?action=show&redirect=SettingUpSamba  . When setup, SMB/SaMBa/CIFS allows you to create a directory for read/write on your Ubuntu box; which you mount on windoze (net use) to copy files between machines.  When done you can unmount your connection & remove it (most secure), or leave it in case its needed again.

A faster/easier approach is just rcp (remote copy) or scp (secure remote-copy) doesn't need extra mounting steps, however isn't available natively on windoze.  A program called putty allows it so I suggest looking at https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21587036/using-putty-to-scp-from-windows-to-linux  (this is more theory; I seldom use windoze)


What IDE for developing basic applications accessing MYSQL database?

People usually use eclipse as an IDE on Ubuntu.
Install with Software Center:

Or with terminal:

sudo apt-get install eclipse

If you are developing Java based applications, then netbeans would be another option.
Install with Software Center:

Or with terminal:

sudo apt-get install netbeans


Modem Network DIsconnected. You are now offline

A bug report is already created for this problem. It includes a work around also which may work for you. Check https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/868034.


The instructions here may help you install KVM correctly on your system.


Computer is really messed up, need to know how to salvage ubuntu after hard reset during 14.10 installation

From what i've heard from this post,it looks like you don't have any important files on your PC, and I assume you have backups.For this the best thing to do would to:

Download Ubuntu 14.04 LTS from another computer
Get a usb with about 2GB of space on it
Make it bootable. (Follow this guide if the computer is Windows)
Plug that in to the computer you are having issues with
And then as the computer is starting up go to the boot menu and boot from the USB

Let me know if this works.


When I skip to a different time in VLC, there's lag and visual distortions

OK, I seem to have fixed it by doing this: Tools -> Preferences -> Video -> Output: changing it from "Automatic" to "X11 Video Output (XCB)". I'll update if the problem comes back.


It's following every link on the page, and there is a link back to the top level.

Try using wget with recursive and no-parent options.

wget -r  --no-parent http://www.getsidekick.com/blog


Export All slides in Libreoffice Impress to PDF

Move to Apache OpenOffice, then use unoconv to export to PDF and this will then be able to export PPT to PDF and include the hidden slides. To install Apache OpenOffice follow these instructions. Then grab unoconv from its git repository as in the ubuntu software repos it requires libreoffice and the two can't be installed simultaneously.


You will need to wait for a new driver update for a working Nvidia-smi.
Other than that issue your GPU should work already in WSL2. Make sure your GPU is at least from Kepler family and you have installed latest WDDM3.0 drivers.
Open WSL2 and look for the device /dev/dxg. If it exists, your GPU is available inside WSL2. If you are on Ubuntu is recommended to update your mesa libraries:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kisak/kisak-mesa
sudo apt-get update

After that a simple glxinfo -B should show your GPU name like this:
$ glxinfo -B
name of display: :0
NVD3D10: CPU cyclestats are disabled on client virtualization
NVD3D10: CPU cyclestats are disabled on client virtualization
display: :0  screen: 0
direct rendering: Yes
Extended renderer info (GLX_MESA_query_renderer):
    Vendor: Microsoft Corporation (0xffffffff)
    Device: D3D12 (NVIDIA GeForce GT 710) (0xffffffff)
    Version: 21.0.1
    Accelerated: yes
    Video memory: 9136MB
    Unified memory: no
    Preferred profile: core (0x1)
    Max core profile version: 3.3
    Max compat profile version: 3.1
    Max GLES1 profile version: 1.1
    Max GLES[23] profile version: 3.0
OpenGL vendor string: Microsoft Corporation
OpenGL renderer string: D3D12 (NVIDIA GeForce GT 710)
OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.0.1
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 3.30
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile

OpenGL version string: 3.1 Mesa 21.0.1
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.40
OpenGL context flags: (none)

OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.0 Mesa 21.0.1
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.00


Setting the icon in your .desktop file is adding it to your application configuration, so I'm not quite sure what you're asking.  As long as the icon is installed with everything else, you should be all set.  If you're installing via a click package, a relative file name for the icon in the .desktop file is all you need; otherwise, you may want to use an absolute path.

If you're trying to get the icon set for a program that isn't installed, you can add the desktop file to ~/.local/share/applications/.  IIRC, this file won't be immediately detected, but it will be loaded eventually.  Logging out and then back in will probably force a refresh.

If you want to adjust the icon programmatically while the application is running, I can't help you.  I'd be surprised if you could do that through pure QML, but it might be easy to write a C++ plugin.


Decent tutorial needed for setting up simple MySQL client-server system

Could anyone please comment what I have missed during Ubuntu setup, that I am allowed to nothing on my system?

You wont be able to edit my.cnf because its protected by its permissions from regular users writing to it. You could change the permissions or the group of the file but this really isn't necessary and could compromise security.

Like you have mentioned you have to use sudo gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf to be able to open the file for writing.

if you really want to use the gui to edit these files without touching the command line you can use gksudo by installing gksu from the software centre.

Then you can launch gksudo the same way you can any other gui app. It will then ask you what application to launch in this case you would use gedit then you can edit any file you want ( after entering your password of course )

  Could anyone point me to comprehensive tutorial on setting up a SIMPLE mysql-5.5 client-server system. Server: Ubuntu virtual machine, Client: Windows.

There are a ton of good tutorials on how to install mysql on Ubuntu. However if you are just using MySQL without the rest of the LAMP stack then I would suggest you look at MySQL Workbench it will give you a graphical frontend to work with your server rather than having to use the command line, PhpMyAdmin is also a good web-based tool but will require the rest of the LAMP stack installing and not just MySQL.


After downloading and installing UbuntuGnome 17.04 I added the same PPA you used and installed pulseaudio-equalizer and pulseaudio pavucontrol and ran into the same problem, no icon was added to the dashboard and I couldn't start pulseaudio-equalizer in any way.

Checking all the files I found with a file-search for pulseaudio and intensive internet research led me to this page in the Arch wiki where I found a solution:

  Edit the /etc/pulse/default.pa or ~/.config/pulse/default.pa file with your
  favorite editor and append the following lines:

### Load the integrated PulseAudio equalizer and D-Bus module
load-module module-equalizer-sink
load-module module-dbus-protocol

After doing that I rebooted and ran qpaeq in terminal. This opened the graphical interface, but playing around with the sliders had no effect.

  If qpaeq has no effect, install pavucontrol and change
  "Built-in Audio Analog Stereo" to "FFT based equalizer on ..."
  while the media player is running. (in the Playback-tab)

That did the job. This setting seems to persist (at least as long qpaeq was running, even if I closed and reopened the media-player).

The interface looks a bit different from the image you posted and there are no built-in presets, but there is an option to save presets.


List the full dependency list of a package

Use apt-rdepends from the eponymous package:
$ apt-rdepends ruby
ruby
  Depends: ruby2.7
ruby2.7
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4)
  Depends: libruby2.7 (>= 2.7.0~preview1)
  Depends: rubygems-integration (>= 1.8)
libc6
  Depends: libcrypt1
  Depends: libgcc-s1
libcrypt1
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.25)
libgcc-s1
  Depends: gcc-10-base (= 10.2.0-6)
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14)
gcc-10-base
...
ca-certificates
  Depends: debconf (>= 0.5)
  Depends: debconf-2.0
  Depends: openssl (>= 1.1.1)
openssl
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.15)
  Depends: libssl3 (>= 3.0.0~~alpha1)
libssl3
  Depends: debconf (>= 0.5)
  Depends: debconf-2.0
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.25)

Since you’re interested in building the package, you might need the -b option which will recursively list the package’s build-dependencies.


Autokey-GTK is missing a typing cursor when I use Dark Themes

The issue is that autokey-gtk's phrase-editor is not properly inheriting the dark background prescribed by the GNOME theme. The phrase-editor's background-color remains white no matter what the GNOME theme prescribes.

Conflictingly, the autokey-gtk phrase-editor is indeed properly inheriting the caret-color (typing cursor color) from the GMONE theme. The typing-cursor is not "missing"; it is there, but because its color is the same color as the background-color, it is invisible to the human eye.

Until this theme-inheritance bug is fixed in autokey-gtk, a work-around would be to change the caret-color to a color that remains visible on the dark theme you're using. For example, you could change the caret-color to blue.

* {caret-color: blue; }

adding above line in the .css file of the source file made it blue color

for example to override Yaru-Dark theme

navigate to /usr/share/themes/Yaru-Dark/gtk-3.20/gtk-dark.css and add the below line under the line @import url("resource:///com/ubuntu/themes/Yaru/3.20/gtk-dark.css");

* {caret-color: blue; }

to apply this line * {caret-color: blue; } to all the theme files (globally)
just put this line in the file ~/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css

reference: https://askubuntu.com/a/1159560/739431


boot performance under systemd can be measured with the
    systemd-analyze plot
tool. Realize that Ubuntu running systemd is very similar to Debian, which is very similar to every other GNU/Linux distro.


Touchpad detected as "PS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse" on Asus N550JK

There seem to be a duplicate of the question here:

Touchpad not recognized on Asus N550JK - TP500L (FocalTech)

but since the answer worked for me I will re-post it here:

  I finally came to this bug report:
  https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1372609

  It seems FocalTech touchpad needs a specific driver, and that work is
  in progress to integrate it into the mainline kernel.

  currently, there seem to be a ppa to get a dkms driver for this
  touchpad : http://ppa.launchpad.net/hanipouspilot/focaltech-dkms

  After trying this, I can confirm the following procedure works :

1. add ppa:

`sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/focaltech-dkms`

2. update the packages database:

`sudo apt-get update`

3. install the dkms driver:

`sudo apt-get install focaltech-dkms`

4. reboot

  The touchpad in now recognized. Two finger scrolling works, for
  example. Also, the zone where the buttons are won't make the cursor
  move.

  Thanks for the community that retro-engeniered this (Asus just replied
  "no linux support nor technical information" to a request ! Very bad
  point to them (see the afore-mentioned bug report)).

(answered by alci, thanks a lot to you if you are reading me)

I just have a few things to add to this:

First, instead of rebooting, you can just run the following commands:

sudo modprobe -r psmouse
sudo modprobe psmouse

which will get it working just right =)

For those running Ubuntu 14.04:

I have not tested it myself, but the first command (sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/focaltech-dkms) has a very nice verbose and explains the necessary steps for doing that on ubuntu 14.04, with the older kernel version.


Is double-booting with Windows 7 viable with Ubuntu 14.04? Or does on have to be wiped, (Windows not pre-installed.)

No it isnt true u have to select the operating system at the begin of the boot of your computer thats all.

That can help you: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsDualBoot


Canon UK provides Linux drivers for MB5040 and MB5050, probably worth a try.

https://www.canon.co.uk/support/consumer_products/products/fax__multifunctionals/inkjet/maxify_mb_series/maxify_mb5050.aspx?type=drivers&language=&os=Linux%20(64-bit)

This driver works for our MB2300 series.


I had a similar problem where Banshee wouldn't play any of the music that was imported.

So, I decided to start it from the terminal to see what error messages I got.
I just typed "banshee" into the terminal.

Starting from the terminal solved the problem for me, so I suspect it has something to do with the commands or options when Banshee start from the menu.

I'm using Linux Mint 17.3.   I edited the options ("--redirect-log --device-activate=%u") that are entered when loading from the menu.  Problem solved.

I realize this isn't Ubuntu so I apologize if I shouldn't put this here.  I'll probably put Ubuntu on a second partition when I get my data backed up.


Trying to change default OS but permissions won't allow changes to /etc/default/grub

There are some problems with gksu and gedit. Just execute sudo gedit /etc/default/grub.


How do I install Ubuntu in Xen virtual machine?

I guess the easiest way, would be using a graphical interface such as virt-manager. If you want to do it from command line, here is another post were they explain it:
How do I use Xen hypervisor?


ssh client not connecting through public ip

Connecting to your own external IP from inside your LAN may have some strange effects. You should try to connect from an other external Internet access (e.g. mobile or through VPN).

This is the answer from my comment above.


Gnome: separate windows, even if they are for the same application

As far as I see, Alt + Tab bringing all windows of an application to the front rather than the most recent one, is your issue. The only way to change the Alt+Tab behavour is to use a different switcher. Even if you use stock Ubuntu without any root access, you can achieve that. This requires some commands at the terminal.

Method involving the terminal

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-applications []
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-applications-backward []
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-windows "['<Super>Tab', '<Alt>Tab']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-windows-backward "['<Shift><Super>Tab', '<Shift><Alt>Tab']"

These commands remove the keybindings from the default "Application switcher" and set them for the "Window switcher". Alt + Tab will now behave in a more traditional way, and allow you to switch between single windows rather than between all windows of a different application.

To restore the default settings, issue four similar commands replacing set by resetand ommitting the setting, e.g.

gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-windows-backward

Alternative method installing an extension

Users of Ubuntu that have root access, or where installation of extensions is enabled, may achieve the same effect using the Alternatetab extension. This is an official gnome extension that, in Ubuntu, is included in the package gnome-shell-extensions. It can also be installed from the Gnome Shell extensions website.


How to make WiFi adapter EW-7811UN running on 14.04 Ubuntu

Is the performance of the internal wireless improved if you install the correct driver?

sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer
sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source

Remove the USB, reboot and let us hear your report.

The connection speed reported by iwconfig and therefor by Network Manager, is notoriously imprecise. My card currently reports 1 Mbps but will happily download at the maximum available from my ISP. Please test with speedtest.net.

Checking your paste results, I see no obvious reason that either device won't achieve higher speeds. I have three suggestions that may be helpful.

First, I suggest you blacklist the driver for the internal in order to test the USB. From a terminal:

sudo -i
echo "blacklist b43"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
echo "blacklist ssb"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
modprobe -r b43
modprobe -r ssb
exit

Second, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit.

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Finally, check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.


As you confirmed by examining the output of the command groups while being logged in as the child, its account is still a member of the nopasswdlogin group.

You can manually remove the group membership nopasswdlogin from a user by running the command below from an admin account:

sudo deluser <child-account> nopasswdlogin