How to install older ruby version on ubuntu Precise Pangolin?

After the installation, try the following command ( if you have installed more than one Ruby edition ) and choose the appropriate version.

Or try the alternate ppa repository to install Ruby

$ add-apt-repository ppa:brightbox/ruby-ng-experimental
$ aptitude update
$ aptitude install <select-the-version-from-repository>
$ update-alternatives --config ruby
$ update-alternatives --config gem


Keyboard layout always resets to US on reboot

I've been stuck at the same problem and using

setxkbmap gb

didn't help because I was getting error:

Cannot open display "default display"

typing

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration -u

helped since it give me opportunity to set all options on keyboard language.
I was using Ubuntu 12.04 x64 Server, without any GUI.


Make sure the p7zip-full and p7zip-rar packages are both installed. It is particularly p7zip-rar that is needed to provide RAR extraction functionality.

You can install those packages in the Software Center, or you may prefer to install them in a Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) by running:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install p7zip-full p7zip-rar


How can I install Python 2.7 x64 in x64 wine on 12.04?

wine msiexec /i python-2.7.2.amd64.msi /qn seems not to work.  msiexec /i python-2.7.2.amd64.msi /qn, however, does work.


Brightness keyboard shortcut not working on Ubuntu 20.04 with GeForce MX230

I have the same issue on Ubuntu 21.04 with 465.19.01 driver.
Unfortunately, the native laptop controls can be used only across nouveau driver.
After several workarounds the following instructions works for me:
sudo apt install brightnessctl

This command only works as root. You can add your user to a group called video:
sudo gpasswd -a <user_name> video

After logout/login or reboot, copy and save this script:
 #!/bin/bash

#Selected option + or -
COMMAND=$1

# Current brightness value
CURRENT_VALUE=$(brightnessctl g)

# Max supported brightness value
MAX_VALUE=$(brightnessctl m)

# Min valid brightness percent
MIN_BRIGHTNESS=$(($MAX_VALUE*5/100))

# Value used to increase or decrease brightness when - or + is passed as argument
BIAS="5%"

# Increase laptop screen brightness according to $BIAS
if [ "$COMMAND" == "+" ]; then
    brightnessctl -s -q s +$BIAS
fi

# Decrease laptop screen brightness according to $BIAS
if [ "$COMMAND" == "-" ]; then
  # Limit minimum brightness to avoid black screen
    if [ $CURRENT_VALUE -gt $MIN_BRIGHTNESS ]; then
        brightnessctl -s -q s $BIAS-
    fi
fi

After saving this script, you can map your keyboard shortcut under Settings > Keyboard Shortcuts like this:
decrease brightness sample
increase brightness sample
Enjoy


Open new 'gnome-terminal' window with specific PS1 variable

bash has --rcfile file option, that allows you to specify which config file to chose. It's not an uncommon thing for various profiles to be saved in various files, just consider gnome-terminal itself. I'd suggest you save couple of those custom bashrc files, and then call gnome-terminal -e "bash --rcfile file"

Example in the screenshot:


Because removing the root user will make you system unusable. The system doesn't want to make himself dead so it aborts this self-destructive action. Why do you want to remove the root user?


Can't connect to Samsung clx-3175 laser printer

This printer should work with the Samsung CLX-3175 Foomatic/foo2qpdl driver included with Ubuntu.

Go to system-config-printer (System -> Administration -> Printing in GNOME classic, Gear icon at the upper right of the screen -> Printers in Unity), right click your Printer and select Properties > click Change... next to the Make and Model field to see the available drivers and change it to Samsung CLX-3175.

Normally your printer should automatically get set up with this driver when first connected with USB.


Ubuntu 14.04.3 screen shuts down after boot. Problem with NVIDIA. How to set NOMODESET from GRUB

Remove the currently installed drivers and install the latest stable drivers supporting GTX 970.

Step 1 - Uninstall the old NVIDIA drivers - boot the PC - when the GRUB menu appears :

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and  press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press F10 to boot the Ubuntu operating system.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Enter your user name and password - then execute :

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo reboot

Step 2 - Install the new NVIDIA drivers - boot the PC - when the GRUB menu appears :

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and  press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press F10 to boot the Ubuntu operating system.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Enter your user name and password - then execute :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-358
sudo reboot


Will Unity improve in 10.10, or do we have to wait till 11.04?

I think (as far as I know and how things have worked in the past) officially in the repositories you will only get security and important bug fix updates. You probably will not see any new code from Unity in 11.04 and beyond. Though there might be hope for a "semi-official" backport, as the 10.10 Unity has a PPA repository for 10.04. The same might be true for 11.04 -> 10.10. Time will tell.


sed script for modifying the start and end of a para in even/odd fashion

If you are working with paragraphs, then Awk or Perl are probably simpler

Ex. with GNU Awk:

$ gawk -vRS= '
    BEGIN{OFS=FS="\n"}
    {sub(/Word1/,"NewWord1",$1); sub(/Word1/,"NewWord2",$NF)}
    {printf $0 RT}
' SampleCode
NewWord1
.....
NewWord2

NewWord1
.....
NewWord2


How to combine multiple hard drives in ubuntu server?

If your Ubuntu is a virtual machine it is installed on a virtual hard drive you created when creating the virtual machine not on either of your hard drives (which would not be named C or D under Ubuntu.

If you want to give Ubuntu the full 260 GB of space you have to install it natively and JBOD.
Else your Windows host system will always take up some space.


will I be able to run Gnome-shell on Ubuntu 11.04?

I believe it is reasonable to believe that the Gnome-shell will be available in the official repository of the Ubuntu 11.04 since it is on 10.10 and 10.04.
Look at Developers Talk.


potential reason why...
converting my comment to an answer
Issues such as this are mostly due to kernel issues.  The kernel is the key underlying component that interfaces between the physical hardware and presents this in a controlled way that desktop software can usefully use and allow the user to control.
Bluetooth dongles are mostly USB based.   Most hardware today are USB2 based or USB3 based.  The kernel uses different modules to interrogate these two versions.
Assuming you are using USB3 to connect, there may be an underlying issue with the USB3 kernel module called XHCI.
so what can I do...
You should really test the latest kernels (at the time of writing 3.16 series) - but if you want continued support you need to work with the Canonical kernel developers to identify a solution.  Raise a bug-report - include details of the bug report that you've installed the latest kernels and they did/didnt work etc.
As a workaround, many BIOS's have the ability to downgrade USB3 ports - downgrade them to USB2 speeds.  This is called "XHCI PRE-BOOT MODE"
If you disable this mode, this should force the kernel to see your bluetooth device as a USB2 based device.


Had this problem today after updating a week or so ago then putting my laptop away for a while.

Pulled out my laptop and wifi wasn't working.  Same outputs for the same commands.

If you run the software updater again it should fix your problem (which is annoying if you only have wifi).

If you can, connect to ethernet to get this done.  If not, plug your phone into your pc and enable USB tethering (if your phone has the option).

Running the software updater whilst connected via USB tethering fixed this problem for me.

It seems the last update invalidated the drivers for the wifi cards?  I'm not sure.


What does this parser error mean and how can it be fixed?

The graphical boot only occurs if you pass the splash boot option for the kernel.  Did you remember to include that option when configuring the new boot loader?

The default Ubuntu configuration also uses the quiet boot option to suppress informational messages during boot.  If you want things to be as close to the standard boot sequence as possible, make sure you are including it too.


How does ubuntu live/install disc jack boot/BIOS?

Check your boot device priority first. Is it set to CD-ROM? If not, change it.

Turn on your computer and enter your BIOS setup (by pressing the special key for that, often Del or F2).
Change the first boot device to CD-ROM.
Restart.


How do I fix mystery package dependencies

Answer to question 1:
versions you're asking about seem to be the default package versions for 18.04 (this is my output):

jan@jan-XPS-9550:~$ sudo apt-get install libquadmath0 libgfortran4
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
libgfortran4 is already the newest version (7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04).
libquadmath0 is already the newest version (8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04).

Answer to question 2:
I think your best bet would be to:

apt-get remove --purge libgfortran4 libquadmath0 gcc-7-base  gcc-8-base
apt-get autoremove
reboot (just in case, most likely not needed at all)
install packages again

then it should go back to default / non-conflicting ones


Installing Ubuntu 18.04 on NVMe SSD and using SATA SSD for storage

I think how you use your disk is a question of personal taste.

For easier ways, you can
1. Just install Ubuntu on nvme and mount SATA SSD somewhere you can use
or
2. Customization your partitions, create efi(500MB), /boot(500MB), root partition(reset of the disk) on nvme, and use SATA SSD as /home.  I don't see any real differences.

As for trim, Ubuntu 18.04 runs fstrim on all mounted SSD every 7 days.  You can also run sudo fstrim -av by yourself.

Discard option is not recommended anymore nowadays because it often impacts realtime performance rather than helps it.


Check the settings for Unity:

How can I configure Unity?

And double check that the keyboard shortcut for Unity is set:


18.04 hibernate with UEFI and secure boot enabled

I have the same problem and, unfortunately, it's impossible with the official Ubuntu kernel since version 4.13 due to kernel lockdown patchset (efi-lockdown).
Substantiation is:

  There is currently no way to verify the resume image when returning from hibernate. This might compromise the signed modules trust model, so until we can work with signed hibernate images we disable it when the kernel is locked down.

Related Bionic commit you can see here.

This is a controversial decision and Linus declined to merge these changes to linux kernel.

A bit more details you can find is the article Kernel lockdown in 4.17? and its comments.

So while we wait some magic software, that will work with signed hibernate images, we can only use another kernel or disable secure boot.

P.S. I'll be happy to upvote another answer if somebody solved this problem.


Ubuntu Server 20.04.2 LTS - Hangs After Bootup - cloud-init [1781]: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS,182 - cc_final_message.py[WARNING]: Used fallback datasource

If you're able to SSH into the machine, then the server has successfully completed the boot cycle but is stuck on that final bit. It's interesting that Enter is no longer bringing you to the login prompt, though. Does Ctrl+C interrupt whatever process is running to allow a login?
One item you may want to look at is disabling the early boot stage as it can sometimes lead to this sort of problem on some server installations depending on the system's configuration. To do this, create an empty file named cloud-init.disabled in the /etc/cloud/ directory:
sudo touch /etc/cloud/cloud-init.disabled

This will not have any negative impact on the system's ability to boot. You can read more about the early boot stages here if there are other settings that you would like to tweak.


xrandr

will show your available monitors and resolutions.
then use for example :

xrandr --output HDMI1 --scale 2x2 --mode 1920x1200 --fb 3840x4200 --pos 0x0
xrandr --output eDP1 --scale 1x1 --pos 320x2400

--output HDMI1 in this case is the external screen, eDP1 is the laptop screen.
--scale 2x2 - make everything on external screen twice smaller
--mode XxY - explicitly set the resolution for screen (not necessary if is already set)
--fb XxY - set size of a virtual screen (framebuffer) (important without this, you will be able to use only a fourth part of the
screen). In my case one screen was on top of another, so I added up
effective heights 2400+1800=4200. Also note, that maximum
framebuffer    size might be specified in xorg.conf - then you
cannot exceed it (it     is written in the first line of xrandr -q
output).
--pos XxY - in this case I set absolute positioning of the screens, so the laptop screen is directly on the bottom of the external sceen.

this guide found here. does it help ?


Permission denied when trying to run a file in the current directory usually means you don't have the execute permission for the file. Possibly, it's missing the executable bit, which you can add with the chmod command.

chmod +x ./GIST


Will there be a derivative with GNOME 3?

Unity is simply an interface, Ubuntu will still use GNOME. You will be able to install GNOME Session on the Software Center, and choose beetween Unity and GNOME Environment (or something like that), as you do now if you install unity on your ubuntu-desktop.
The same will happen when Gnome-shell will be released, you will be able to install a Gnome-Shell session.


Is there a tool like wifi analyzer for ubuntu?

Network manager command line interface nmcli

nmcli d wifi

This is an output of command:

*  SSID           MODE   CHAN  RATE       SIGNAL  BARS  SECURITY
   151022         Infra  4     54 Mbit/s  74      ▂▄▆_
   mary           Infra  4     54 Mbit/s  74      ▂▄▆_  WPA2
   151022         Infra  40    54 Mbit/s  70      ▂▄▆_
   mary5          Infra  40    54 Mbit/s  60      ▂▄▆_  WPA2
   Don Ceci       Infra  6     54 Mbit/s  34      ▂▄__  WPA1 WPA2
   epg72          Infra  11    54 Mbit/s  34      ▂▄__  WPA1 WPA2
   Mitio Paynera  Infra  2     54 Mbit/s  24      ▂___  WPA1 WPA2
   Nina           Infra  1     54 Mbit/s  17      ▂___  WPA1 WPA2
   Filka          Infra  10    54 Mbit/s  17      ▂___  WPA1
   Mihaylov       Infra  11    54 Mbit/s  14      ▂___  WPA1 WPA2
   HomeS2000      Infra  6     54 Mbit/s  7       ▂___  WPA1 WPA2
   alex1          Infra  7     54 Mbit/s  7       ▂___  WPA1 WPA2
   epg72          Infra  11    54 Mbit/s  7       ▂___  WPA1 WPA2
   Valia          Infra  11    54 Mbit/s  7       ▂___  WPA1 WPA2
   Silviq         Infra  10    54 Mbit/s  4       ____  WPA2

But you can use:

nmcli -f "CHAN,BARS,SIGNAL,SSID" d wifi list ifname wlx10feed21ae1d  | sort -n

and output will be sorted by channel:

CHAN  BARS  SIGNAL  SSID
1     ▂___  17      Nina
2     ____  0       Yankovi
2     ▂___  24      Mitio Paynera
3     ____  4       JORODLINK
4     ▂▄▆_  70      151022
4     ▂▄▆_  70      mary
5     ▂___  7       Hristo
6     ____  0       HomeS2000
6     ▂___  27      Don Ceci
6     ____  4       malevi
6     ____  4       milcho.uzunov
7     ____  4       alex1
10    ▂___  10      Filka
10    ▂___  7       Silviq
11    ▂___  10      Mihaylov
11    ▂▄__  34      epg72
11    ____  4       Valia
11    ▂___  7       epg72
40    ▂▄▆_  60      mary5
40    ▂▄▆_  67      151022

For continues scan you can combine with command "watch":

watch  "nmcli -f "CHAN,BARS,SIGNAL,SSID" d wifi list ifname wlx10feed21ae1d  | sort -n"


On Linux Machine you can see by typing:

$ nslookup 216.58.197.46

Output:

Server:         127.0.1.1
Address:        127.0.1.1#53
Non-authoritative answer:
46.197.58.216.in-addr.arpa      name = maa03s20-in-f14.1e100.net.

On Windows Machine You can check it with:

C:\Users\Administrator>ping -a 216.58.197.46

Or

nslookup 216.58.197.46

Output:

Pinging maa03s20-in-f14.1e100.net [216.58.197.46] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 216.58.197.46: bytes=32 time=210ms TTL=56
Ping statistics for 216.58.197.46:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 164ms, Maximum = 230ms, Average = 205ms


Try the following commands:

sudo apt-get purge php-java-bridge-j2ee-selinux
sudo apt-get update

Now every thing retain normal.

To install php-java-bridge-j2ee-selinux you can download the binary(.deb) file by clicking this.

Now to install open your terminal:

sudo dpkg -i ~/Downloads/php-java-bridge-j2ee-selinux*.deb


How to set global hotkeys for Rhythmbox?

When you go to System → Preferences → keyboard Shortcuts, you should see predefined shortcuts for Play, pause and so on. Click on the shortcut, on the right, to edit them.

However, using F1, F2 and so on may be problematic. Some legacy applications may open up their help whenever you press F1 for instance.


How to check for missing files in filesystem or directory with bash (after crash)?

Both locate and xargs have an argument to separate filenames using the null character instead of space or newline. That should fix the problem with spaces in filenames.

locate -0 /usr/share/icons/* | xargs -0 ls -d 2>&1 >/dev/null

from man locate:

   -0, --null
          Separate  the  entries  on  output using the ASCII NUL character
          instead of writing each entry on a separate line.   This  option
          is  designed  for interoperability with the --null option of GNU
          xargs(1).

from man xargs:

   --null
   -0     Input  items  are  terminated  by a null character instead of by
          whitespace, and the quotes and backslash are not special  (every
          character is taken literally).  Disables the end of file string,
          which is treated like any other  argument.   Useful  when  input
          items  might  contain  white space, quote marks, or backslashes.
          The GNU find -print0 option produces  input  suitable  for  this
          mode.


hash is a built-in command of the bash shell. For a summary of what it does you can type help hash at the shell prompt:

$ help hash
hash: hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...]
    Remember or display program locations.

    Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME.  If
    no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is displayed.

    Options:
      -d    forget the remembered location of each NAME
      -l    display in a format that may be reused as input
      -p pathname   use PATHNAME as the full pathname of NAME
      -r    forget all remembered locations
      -t    print the remembered location of each NAME, preceding
            each location with the corresponding NAME if multiple
            NAMEs are given
    Arguments:
      NAME  Each NAME is searched for in $PATH and added to the list
            of remembered commands.

    Exit Status:
    Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given.

So, hash remembers program locations, and hash -r forgets them.


Getting apt warnings when updating Ubuntu

I ended up removing the genfcsm and git-core ppas entirely and just re-added them back. That solved the warnings problem.


What is the correct way to install Gnome Shell 3.6 on Ubuntu 12.10?

There are three correct ways of installing gnome-shell here:

Install gnome-shell from Ubuntu Software Center (this is equivalent to running sudo apt-get install gnome-shell)
Follow the instructions on the Ubuntu GNOME Remix page. This installs gnomes-shell and the gnome default settings.
Follow the instructions on the webupd8 page. This installs gnome-shell, the default settings, updates the included GNOME apps to the most recent version, and installs more of the GNOME apps that default Ubuntu leaves out.

All three methods properly "install gnome-shell. They do it to varying degrees of adherence to upstream GNOME releases.


I reinstalled GRUB and now one Windows loader's been removed

Sorry if it's not the answer, I can't comment yet.

I'm not that grub2 expert, but if it recovers the windows 64, there should be a way to recover the 32bits also.

For your next atemp on doing this mix of three systems I would recomend installing both windows, make sure both of them work, and then install ubuntu grub2 INSIDE the disk, NOT on MBR. This will not break the BCD of any windows installed previusly. Other way of course, it's using more than one disk, each with the BCD or grub2 installed on MBR.


You can just use file command.

Example:

c0rp@c0rp: file file_1 file_2 file_3
file_1 ASCII text
file_2 ASCII text
file_3: symbolic link to file_2

UPDATE

If you can't use file command here is another solution.

#!/bin/bash
for var in "$@"
do
    if [ -d $var ]; then
        echo $var " - > is a directory"
    fi

    if [ -f $var ]; then
        echo $var " - > is a file"
    fi

    if [ -h $var ]; then
        echo $var " - > is a symbolic link"
    fi

    if [ -x $var ]; then
        echo $var " - > executable"
    fi
done

In this script i use for var in "$@", where "$@" means all passed arguments. So using for you can loop through all passed arguments

You can add another check if you want, read this.

for example, if you want to add check file is a socket:

just add same if block before done word:

            if [ -S $var ]; then
                    echo $var " - > is a Socket"
            fi

I change only condition [ -S $var ]


Can I set Internet usage quota in squid on Ubuntu 12.04

This how-to has fairly detailed instructions on setting up bandwidth limit pools in squidproxy.

You could also go the route of a 3rd-party solution, like Squid Quota.


Enabling single left-click for Expo in Compiz

Compiz Config Settings Manager -> Desktop -> Expo
Change Exit Expo to disabled
Change Drag & Drop to Button 3
Change Exit Expo to enabled, Button 1
You will receive a warning message. Dismiss it.

You're done. Left-click will now select the workspace, right-click will allow you to drag and drop windows between workspaces.

"Exit Expo" is confusingly named. It should really be called "Select workspace". Selecting the workspace does indeed exit the Expo program, but it's hardly the most important aspect of the action.


Libreoffice is not starting in Ubuntu 16.04

Here my solution as answer, so the question can be set to answered:

As you want to use a newer version of libreoffice, you can try version 6.0.

https://launchpad.net/~libreoffice/+archive/ubuntu/libreoffice-6-0


How do I refresh software sources after adding a PPA

First I want to declared that the easy, good, recommended, etc. way to do this is  sudo apt-get update.  Also you can enter sudo add-apt-repository ppa:the_name_of_ppa &&  sudo apt-get update to add the PPA and update at the same time.

Then the answer:

Open Update-Manager from the dash

or use the gear icon on the Unity Bar, the menu selection you need will be the fourth one down, it will either say Software Up to Date or Updates Available (depending on if you have all your software up to date or not) here is a screen shot from my Desktop with all software up to date:

Either way you open it, now you should see the main window, then click on the Check button


I found the answer to a very similar question: https://askubuntu.com/a/51574/14220

This worked for me. Here is what the relevant line in my tvtime.xml now looks like:

<option name="MixerDevice" value="hw:0/CD"/>

Note that this is case sensitive, using a lowercase "cd" as suggested by the tvtime.xml man page did not work!


Is my ATI graphics card supported in Ubuntu?

Officially Supported Hardware

To check if your card is supported visit this site.

If you card is not listed there then probably it is too new and simply is not supported by any ATI driver.

Installation of the drivers

Before installing any drivers you need to install some dependencies to your system, do this by running this command

sudo apt-get install build-essential cdbs fakeroot dh-make debhelper debconf libstdc++6 dkms libqtgui4 wget execstack libelfg0 dh-modaliases

Official binary packages from Ubuntu

To install the fglrx packages supplied by Ubuntu open a terminal and install using

sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-amdcccle

or search for the Additional Drivers utility in your dash and install one of the detected drivers from the list.

Latest version provided by Ubuntu's Additional Drivers tool (up to this edit's date) is 11.10.

Official ATI binaries from the ATI site

To install the latest ATI 15.9 drivers follow this, people are reporting that updating their driver solves some problems with Unity and Gnome-Shell

You will need to remove all the current fglrx packages from your system and download the driver from the ATI site.

Remove the fglrx drivers if previously installed them (if any of these returns errors ie: file not found, package not found ignore it)

sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev*

Download the newest ATI driver (current version is 15.9)

wget http://www2.ati.com/drivers/linux/amd-driver-installer-15-9-x86.x86_64.run

If you have a 64 bit system, then install this before anything

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

Once downloaded go to the file location and set it to run as executable

cd /path_of_the_file
chmod 755 amd-driver-installer-15-9-x86.x86_64.run

For 32/64 bit Ubuntu use these steps to install

sh ./amd-driver-installer-15-9-x86.x86_64.run --buildpkg Ubuntu/oneiric
sudo dpkg -i fglrx*.deb

Once the driver is installed you need to start up a new xorg.conf file with this command

sudo aticonfig --initial -f

Reboot

sudo reboot

Revert back to the open source drivers

After installing drivers from deb packages

Remove all the fglrx traces from your system:

sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev*

Remove your xorg.conf

sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Reinstall xorg

For 32bits systems

sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-core libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri

For 64bits systems

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 xserver-xorg-core

Configure Xorg

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

Reboot:

sudo reboot

After the reboot all the fglrx packages will be gone, you will be using default ones.

After installing drivers from ATI binary

Remove all the ATI driver files:

sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh

Remove your xorg.conf

sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Reinstall xorg

For 32bits systems

sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-core libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri

For 64bits systems

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 xserver-xorg-core

Configure Xorg

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

Reboot:

sudo reboot

After the reboot all the fglrx drivers will be gone, you will be using default ones.


How can I change the language order by command-line (or text editor)?

List installed locales

locale -a

List current settings

locale

Changing settings temporarily

Any environment variable may be set on the command line for the current process:

$ date
Sat May 14 15:59:12 CEST 2011

$ LC_TIME=zh_CN.UTF-8

$ date
2011年 05月 14日 星期六 16:00:13 CEST 2011

Changing settings permanently

If you want more fine-grained control, you may manually change your system's locale entries by modifying the file /etc/default/locale.

For example on a German system, to prevent system messages from being translated, you may use:

LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
LC_MESSAGES=POSIX

Note: changes take effect only after a fresh login.

For Additional Hhelp


So, I figured out the answer, and it was a bit of a facepalm moment.

I had a file called /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d/qemu which contained an incorrect DNS IP for my qemu dnsmasq instance (192.168.100.1 rather than 192.168.1.1). So, I think what was happening was that when I queried qemu, the default NetworkManager instance of netmask attempted to pass the query to 192.168.100.1 which didn't work for obvious reasons.

Once I changed the address to 192.168.1.1 in the config file and restarted NetworkManager (and thus its instance of dnamasq), everything works great! The /etc/hosts entry was not required as I had thought.

Now I just have to figure out how to resolve my VM host's hostname to my LAN address within my VM's rather than returning 127.0.1.1 which is incorrect from my VMs' perspective.


How can I fix a problem with Sessions being lost after suspend or hibernate?

After investigating for several months I fix it adding "acpi_sleep=nonvs" boot parameter to kernel:

1) Edit file /etc/default/grub (superuser) and add acpi_sleep=nonvs to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line, example:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet scsi_mod.scan=sync"

2) Execute: update-grub2 (superuser).

3) Reboot and test it.


It could be a graphics driver problem. In recovery mode, try going to Software and Updates, and then click Additional Drivers and see if there's any drivers to install.


dual boot problem after using os-uninstaller

You have an UEFI system and UEFI install, but somehow converted the ESP - efi system partition sda2 from FAT32 to NTFS. It must be FAT32 with boot flag to be seen as ESP.

And now all references to ESP in fstab, grub, & UEFI are to now missing ESP. You will have to recreate ESP and at least a total reinstall of grub. The reinstall of grub can be done from Boot-Repair's advanced options.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

https://sourceforge.net/p/boot-repair/home/Home/

Some brands of systems will only boot "Windows Boot Manager" as UEFI entry. That is a violation of UEFI standards, but it is by description only, so we can make booting Ubunutu's shimx64.efi have that description. You then boot Windows entry to actually boot Ubuntu. sdX is drive, Y is efi partition example for sda2

sudo efibootmgr -c -L "Windows Boot Manager" -l "\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi" -d /dev/sda -p 2

man efibootmgr

http://askubuntu.com/questions/486752/dual-boot-win-8-ubuntu-loads-only-win/486789#486789


How do I complete the Gnome Character Map with missing Unicode characters?

Please note that the Unicode character range is immense; There is no one font that covers all of it (although GNU FreeFont comes pretty close).
If you see empty spaces, or even empty pages, it may be because they just haven't been assigned yet. Those will remain empty until the Unicode Standard utilises them. Even though there is space for 1,114,111 glyphs, but only specific ranges have characters assigned to them, and between those ranges, there may be quite a bit of unused room.
You can get great coverage with the following fonts; Between them, they cover as much of Unicode as is practically usable:

Linux Libertine (my favourite, → project site)
Droid (includes droid-fallback for cjk support)
WenQuanYi Zen Hei (focus on Chinese)
GNU Freefont (best coverage of any free-as-in-freedom font)

(click these links to install the fonts on your Ubuntu system)

(source: fontscape.com)
Linux Libertine is one that, on top of covering a massive span of Unicode, looks excellent and has fantastic kerning and hinting.

Also, if you don't mind a non free font, there is Code2000, Code2001 and Code2002, which, between them, cover quite a substantial chunk of the Unicode range (97% I think) as well.
For a list of Unicode fonts and their coverage, see  Unicode Typeface.


Receiving 403 forbidden on ubuntu/dists/xenial/main/binary-amd64/Packages - unable to run apt-get update

When there is some kind of error about some repositories, apt update will not show the informational message about available upgrades at the end, but otherwise everything else will proceed as normal. Thus you can run apt list --upgradable to see if upgrades are available, or just apt upgrade to directly proceed to upgrading all the available packages.

If the errors annoy you, you can just temporarily disable the PPA by commenting it out in your sources list until it is back up.


Linux program with Hebrew, Islamic, Coptic, Discordian, and other calendars

Date formats according to country specific conventions are specified in the locales.

$ sudo locale-gen ar_EG.UTF-8 he_IL.UTF-8
Generating locales (this might take a while)...
  ar_EG.UTF-8... done
  he_IL.UTF-8... done
Generation complete.
$ for loc in ar_EG.UTF-8 he_IL.UTF-8; do LC_TIME=$loc date +%c; done
28 أبر, 2017 CEST 09:00:19 م
CEST 21:00:19 2017 אפר 28 ו'


How to find the frequency and type of my current RAM?

This should do:

sudo lshw -short -C memory


How do I get a SAA7231 TV Tuner card working?

For a bunch of DVB cards you usually need to install the firmware and then a TV application like TVtime:

linux-firmware-nonfree
tvtime

Unfortunately this is the best source for a driver that I could find, which appears unmaintained. Looks like some guys tried to get it working in SUSE but also it didn't look good.


How to check the ink level in Epson Stylus DX 4400?

Check the empty cartridge without a computer

As per the Epson DX4400 manual there is a LED marking the empty cartridge.


What should the source be when using OpenVPN?

You have to specify where you want the traffic to go to

sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source aa.bb.cc.dd

where "aa.bb.cc.dd" is where you want the traffic to go.

See also

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/OpenVPN

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IptablesHowTo


Short answer: yes.

Ubuntu 16.04 still includes all its packages for the i386 (32-bit) architecture. Just do a normal release upgrade once the upgrader offers it (once 16.04.1 is released).


You can set aliases by clicking right button on your email address (in the pane to the left with inbox and stuff) and selecting properties. There is a textarea labeled Aliases. You can add them in format
Display Name <email@email.com>
You probably know this and it just do not work for your special case, but sometimes the most obvious things are the most overlooked ones.


I recommend you read up a bit on how EFI works, since your question reveals a number of common misunderstandings, largely caused by applying BIOS assumptions to the EFI world. Adam Williamson posted a useful blog post on this subject, so that's a good start. The introduction to my page on EFI boot loaders for Linux is another site that can be a useful starting point.

The most critical point to understand is that under EFI, disks are not bootable in the same sense that they are under BIOS. EFI boot loaders are stored as files on a FAT partition known as the EFI System Partition (ESP). A single ESP can house any number of boot loaders. The computer decides which boot loader to use based on its own boot manager's entries, which are stored in NVRAM. You can manipulate those entries in any number of ways, such as by using the bcfg command in an EFI shell or the efibootmgr utility in Linux. The better EFIs also provide a user interface so that you can make changes from their setup tools.

Chances are your firmware update erased or re-ordered your NVRAM entries. Thus, you may need to re-create a working entry or at least change the boot order. See here or here for some basic information on how to do this with efibootmgr. In theory, the Boot Repair program you've tried should be able to do this; but it sometimes doesn't work. Also, Boot Repair must be run from an EFI-mode boot in order to do this properly. This is one of the hurdles that can be difficult to overcome, since many users accidentally boot in BIOS mode rather than in EFI mode.

My rEFInd boot manager can be helpful because it works only in EFI mode. If you download the USB flash drive or CD-R image and boot with it, you'll be guaranteed of booting rEFInd in EFI mode (or not at all). It should then detect your Linux installation -- but since you use LVM, you may need to either boot via the GRUB option or hit F2 or Insert twice and enter a correct root= option to boot a Linux kernel directly. Once you've booted Linux, you can use efibootmgr to re-enable GRUB or you can install the Debian-package version of rEFInd to use it from your hard disk.


installed ubuntu alongside windows, locked out of windows

This video helped me:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_I4K2-Rr_Y

Use a windows bootable dvd, open the command line, use diskpart to assign a letter to your EFI partition, format it, use bcdboot to create a new EFI directory


How to make a debian package from ubuntu SDK?

debian packaging feature is not available for qt creator , If you are intersted , you can create a qt creator plugin for that . currently ubuntu plugin for qtcreator support click packaging , but it is available for qml apps only :-)


Dragging a window is laggy (windows do not follow the mouse while moving smoothly)

Install CompizConfig Settings Manager:

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

And in Composite, disable Detect Refresh Rate and slide the Refresh Rate up to more than 70.

Under Mouse Polling Position, change Mouse Poll Interval to 1.

Disabling Plugin Grid also might help, but that disables window snapping!!

.


Because when You installed Ubuntu on external drive You selected to install bootloader on harddisk.

My solution is: reinstall Ubuntu on external drive and make sure u select external drive when You select bootloader location(This is in partitioning tab).


The Wikipedia article on bzip2 links to the an archived copy of the homepage for explaining the switch from bzip to bzip2. A subsequent section reads:

  How can I decompress old .bz files (created by bzip-0.21) ?

  Here's a the source code for a decompress-only version of
  bzip-0.21.  Or you can download a binary for Linux-ELF.

The code compiled fine on my 64-bit Ubuntu 14.04.


can i again reinstall java on ubuntu?because both windows and ubuntu is in my system and java is configured on windows?

While Java is made such that a Java application can run across different operating systems without changing the code and recompiling it. It is (for example) somewhat easy to introduce Windows specific things and thus preventing it to run on Linux or Mac.

Of course you will need to install everything that your java application needs again on the Linux side. Alternatively you could also setup a MySql-Server on a different computer and make it accessible from both Windows and Linux side.


Ubuntu 16.04 Steam only runs from terminal

Since you have a command (LD_PRELOAD='/usr/$LIB/libstdc++.so.6' DISPLAY=:0 steam) to launch it correctly, modify the .desktop file to fix the menu icon so that clicking it runs that command. Do:

cd /usr/share/applications

and then type ls to find the .desktop file for Steam. Here I'm assuming it's called steam.desktop, so check that, and correct the commands below if necessary. Make a backup copy

sudo cp steam.desktop steam-bak

(restore the backup if needed by doing mv steam-bak steam.desktop) edit the original file:

sudo nano steam.desktop

find the first line that starts Exec= (you can use ctrl+w to search in nano) and edit the line so it says:

Exec=bash -c "LD_PRELOAD='/usr/$LIB/libstdc++.so.6' DISPLAY=:0 steam"

Save the file and exit (ctrl+o then enter then ctrl+x)

Now click the steam icon in the menu to launch

Note to others: if the command LD_PRELOAD='/usr/$LIB/libstdc++.so.6' DISPLAY=:0 steam does not work for you, try changing DISPLAY=:0 to match your environment. First do echo $DISPLAY and if the output is :0.0, then instead of DISPLAY=:0 in the steam launch command, put DISPLAY=:0.0

Another possible fix: check System Settings > Software & Updates > Additional Drivers and enable the latest proprietary drivers (suggestion from a comment on another post that apparently worked for the OP of that post)

The errors are caused by outdated drivers and libraries bundled with Steam. This can be fixed by disabling them, so that Steam uses system files instead (this is why setting LD_PRELOAD works). You could disable the file(s) throwing errors by renaming them:

mv /home/$USER/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/amd64/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5{,.disabled}

(there may be several libraries you need to do this to, and you may need to repeat after any updates/resyncing) In any case, it's not a problem with your system, but with Steam.

For comprehensive information see:
Epic Arch wiki post on troubleshooting Steam


The browser app was being developed since starting of 2013. From Ubuntu 14.04, it will be available as system app.

You may find more information about this app from launchpad: https://launchpad.net/webbrowser-app

Try Alt+F4 to close the browser.


Yes, it is an XRDP issue.

You'll need to create the right keymap while working on a non-xrdp session.
Useful links, which include instructions for generating and editing keymaps, as well as some ready made keymaps are below.

For UK people, I'm using this 0809 keymap

http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=3858

http://component-parts.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/fixing-uk-keyboard-mapping-for-xrdp.html

country keycodes


Convert text to data in spreadsheet when copying output data from terminal?

By data you probably mean "number"? Since it could be anything, like "date" or "location" or something, and since you do not provide any example of your data, I assume the following:

your output looks something like this:

10 10.1

20 20.0

30 3000.

40 4e1
You want to have it formatted as a two columns of numbers that you can e.g. sum up in the spreadsheet.

One solution could be this:

Save the output in a file (e.g. by running your program with like this: myprogram >> mydatafile.txt
Open the file with libreoffice (or openoffice). This should look like the following:

Take care to select the correct separator (whatever is between your columns, here it is a space, but your program could write commas between the numbers...).

Click on "OK" to import.
Now your spreadsheet should look like this:

And you can use summation over the cells:


How to install python-setuptools properly on Ubuntu 14.04

Run this command:

sudo pip install -U setuptools

This command install the required dependence.


It is possible to boot a bootable USB drive from a CD, but not with the Ubuntu CD.

You can use the the Plop Boot Manager

But if your PC has a Internet connection, the Minimal-CD would be a easier option to install Ubuntu.

And it sounds like your PC is a little bit older, perhaps you should prefer Xubuntu or Lubuntu (if you install from the Minimal CD you can select each Ubuntu flavor).


Is there a patch for vulnerability in recent Linux kernels that offers root rights

See the answer here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2121240&p=12536278#post12536278

In part:

  Linux is not Windows and in general patches are released much faster.

  You may wish to bookmark this page - http://www.ubuntu.com/usn

  In the future, it is worth searching that page for security bugs and
  fixes


Uninstall ubuntu 12.04 and install 11.04

12.04 has quite serious system system requirements, it was a huge jump from the earlier versions, so that could be a surprise for many users, but downgrade is not possible, as far as I know.

Uninstalling is really simple, just copy all the files you need to your other OS (I guess it's Win), than get a 11.04 installation CD or pendrive, plug to your computer, and boot from it. After few minutes it'll ask, what you want to do, try, or install ubuntu 11.04. Choose install, and when it asks about partitions, choose the advanced mode. Then choose the partition, where the 12.04 lays, click, on it, and choose delete. Then click on Add button, choose the size, the ext4 filesystem, and and the dash mark ( / ) as root. Than click ok, after continue, and it'll install the 11.04, while deleting 12.04.


I have found that xbindkeys is automatically started if you have an .xbindkeysrc in your home folder or in a system folder such as /etc. Hence why it does not usually need to be added as a separate startup item once installed.

This is explained well in the file /etc/X11/Xsession.d/98xbindkeys, which is generated by any normal install from the Ubuntu package. Here is a snippet from the file, generated by running cat /etc/X11/Xsession.d/98xbindkeys:

This file is sourced by Xsession(5), not executed.

PROG="/usr/bin/xbindkeys"
NOAUTO="${HOME}/.xbindkeys.noauto"

This file autostarts xbindkeysrc if the user (or system) has a config
for it AND does NOT Have a .xbindkeys.noauto in his homedir.

[The rest of the file is a script]

So, the simple solution is to take note of the instructions and place a file named .xbindkeys.noauto in your home directory, and then xbindkeys won't start up with your x session, and you can place an alternative startup entry for it with your specific needs.


That's clearly a bug in the quake3-data package, that it doesn't allow a space in the CDROM path.

I suggest purging it (not the entirely unrelated ubuntu-docs).

If it won't let you purge it, edit /var/lib/dpkg/info/quake3-data.postinst and put an exit 0 in the first blank line. It should purge, then.

Please file a bug, this package is broken.


Upgrading ubuntu with some thing which can make more than one connection

Yes it is, using a program that is called apt-fast, How to from this site http://www.webupd8.org/2010/08/you-can-now-install-apt-fast-from-ppa.html

First run theses commands in terminal, put one line in at a time and hit enter, enter password when prompted.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tldm217/tahutek.net
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apt-fast

After it is installed you can use apt-fast just like apt-get aka sudo apt-fast upgrade

They say it is a full syntax replacement, so try it with any situation you would use apt-get I haven't had it fail yet, but if something does go wrong try apt-fast clean , by default it has like 4 connections, I read here that you can customize it for more here http://nvarona.blogspot.com/2011/01/accelerating-ubuntu-apt-get.html


Dual Boot: Ubuntu installation not detecting existing windows operating system

I would make a partition for ubuntu with gparted, then install ubuntu on this partition and lastly I would get GRUB.
This would be the do-it-yourself-way but for those where the preconfigured options fail it seems to be the only choice.

GRUB is the standard bootloader under most linux distributions. To keep it simple, the bootloader is the first software program that runs when a computer starts. It detects and gives all the installed operting systems and gives you the opportunity to choose between them.


How to disable access to Win7 disk partition(Dual Boot)

There are two ways of doing this:

1) by removing (or commenting) following similar strings from file /boot/grub/grub.cfg:

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry 'Windows 7 (loader) (su /dev/sda4)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-CEDABB32DABB1625' {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ntfs
    set root='hd0,msdos4'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos4 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos4  CEDABB32DABB1625
    else
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root CEDABB32DABB1625
    fi
    parttool ${root} hidden-
    chainloader +1
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

Command to modify the file:

sudo nano /boot/grub/grub.cfg

(You can use CTRL+K to cut strings in nano editor)

NB: by using this method, on next update-grub (for example on next kernel upgrade), Windows will appear again in bootable OS list screen (GRUB) on startup.

2) by moving the os-prober file from /etc/grub.d/ in a subfolder (I would call it /etc/grub.d/bak/) so update-grub will not read that file.

Then you have to call an update-grub to update file /boot/grub/grub.cfg.

Commands to execute are:

sudo mkdir /etc/grub.d/bak

sudo mv /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober /etc/grub.d/bak

sudo update-grub

NB: This method will hide every non-linux system on your HDD.

UNDOING PROCESS:

1) for the first method you just need to make a update-grub.

2) for the second one you have to move back the file you moved away from /etc/grub.d/ directory in its original path.

Commands to execute are:

sudo mv /etc/grub.d/bak/30_os-prober /etc/grub.d/

sudo update-grub

==========

If you don't want to see Windows partition while using Ubuntu you just need to remove the string associated with that partition:

Use this command to show wich number has your Windows partition:

sudo blkid -o list | grep ntfs

Then use the /dev/sdXY like string in the following command:
(X = letter, Y = number)

sudo echo 'KERNEL=="sdXY", ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}="1"' > /etc/udev/rules.d/hide-windows.rules

NB: Use your "XY"; the command will looks like the following:

sudo echo 'KERNEL=="sda4", ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}="1"' > /etc/udev/rules.d/hide-windows.rules

UNDOING PROCESS:

Just remove the created file:

sudo rm /etc/udev/rules.d/hide-windows.rules


It's

sudo !!

and not

sudo!!

Bash expands the !! exactly - it doesn't add spaces where there were none.


Installing multiple linux distros alongside Windows with GRUB and UEFI

As a general rule and IMHO, installing multiple Linux distributions to multi-boot on a single computer is more trouble than it's worth. For the most part, one distribution will do what the others will do. If you want experience with multiple desktop environments, you can install as many as you like within Ubuntu and switch between them by logging out and logging in again, selecting the appropriate desktop environment at login. You can even set it up so you can be logged in to multiple desktop environments simultaneously on different virtual terminals (VTs).

If you want experience with different package managers or other features that really are distribution-specific, chances are installing extra distributions using a virtualized environment, such as VirtualBox or VMware, will be easier and safer than dual-booting. This also has the advantage that you can run both distributions simultaneously.

That said, if you really need to multi-boot, IMHO GRUB is not the best choice. Its Achilles heel is that it requires configuration within the OS from which it was installed. (At least, that's true of the stock configurations delivered by Ubuntu and most other distributions. It is possible to create a GRUB configuration that's better divorced from any one distribution, but that requires advanced knowledge, and it's still necessary to configure it from within an OS.) That is, if you use Ubuntu's GRUB to control the boot process but you also install, say, Fedora, then when you update Fedora's kernel, Ubuntu's GRUB won't know about that fact until you reboot into Ubuntu and type sudo update-grub (or until you update Ubuntu's kernel). Alternatively, Ubuntu's GRUB might chainload to Fedora's GRUB, in which case Fedora's GRUB will know about the updated Fedora kernel, but that complicates the process for booting to Fedora. Worse, each OS is likely to try to control the boot process, resulting in repeated boot coups, in which OS A sets its boot loader as the default, even though you want OS B's GRUB to do the job. (This isn't a GRUB-specific issue, though; it's likely to occur whenever you multi-boot.) The more OSes you try to multi-boot, the more frequently you'll run into boot coups.

For complex setups, many people prefer to use my own rEFInd boot manager. Unlike GRUB, rEFInd scans the disk for boot loaders and kernels whenever the computer starts, so it will detect new kernels no matter what distribution installed the kernel or rEFInd. There are caveats to this, though, and you may need to tweak things a bit for each distribution to get it to work. In particular, you may need a /boot/refind_linux.conf file for each distribution so that rEFInd can pass appropriate boot options to each OS. This is covered on this page of the rEFInd documentation.

Another approach, albeit largely a theoretical one right now, is to use the Freedesktop.org Boot Loader Specification. The idea is that distributions should put their kernels in standardized locations and cooperate on a configuration file format so that boot loaders for one distribution can load kernels for another distribution. This proposal has merit, but AFAIK few distributions are adopting it, so as a practical matter this isn't something you can rely on today.


Wireless doesn't work ( hp635 notebook pc ) (ubuntu 12.04 )

Please run the following commands in the terminal by copying and pasting for accuracy:

sudo apt-get purge --remove bcmwl-kernel-source b43-fwcutter firmware-b43-installer

reboot, then post a new file so we can see what other drivers are still loaded.

EDIT:
Please copy and paste the following code:

echo "blacklist bcma b43 ssb 8192cu" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Reboot

Edit:

Post the contents of:

cat /etc/modules

Edit:
Please run the following command in the terminal:

gksudo gedit /etc/modules

a small window will open type in your user password and the /etc/modules file will open, then remove:

8192cu and b43

from the file then save and close gedit then reboot.

EDIT:
Please run the following command in the terminal:

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

a small window will open type in your user password a file will open, then remove:

hp-wmi

both instances of it from the file then save and close gedit then reboot.

Now hopefully your wifi button will turn wifi on and off.

EDIT:
Run this command

echo "blacklist hp-wmi" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Then reset your bios, you need to be careful doing this:

1.
Turn on or restart the computer, and then press
esc
while the “Press the ESC key for Startup Menu”
message is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

2.
Press f10 to enter Setup Utility.

3.
Use the arrow keys to select Exit > Load Setup Defaults.

4.
Follow the on-screen instructions.

5.
To save your changes and exit, press
f10, and then follow the on-screen instructions.


Undo your manual installation, and install the libpng 1.6 version which comes with Ubuntu:

apt-get install libpng16-16


Wrap your loop into an infinite loop (i.e. a while loop without conditions), and add a sleep 30 in this outer loop.

while :
do
    ###  < your
    ###   timer
    ###   here >
    sleep 30
done

I'd suggest you also remove the wait instruction and the & from "sleep 1 &". Also, print is not the right program to write to the terminal, use echo instead.

while :
do
    for ((i=30; i>0; i--))
    do
       sleep 1
       echo -n "$i "
    done
    sleep 30
    echo ""
done

Be aware that this timer is not accurate as evaluating the loop instructions takes a (small, but non zero) amount of time. A solution using date would be preferable: see for example the countdown function here: https://superuser.com/a/611582.


How to configure the virtual machine settings in VMware's VSphere Client?

I cannot comment about VMware's products, but i'd suggest using current 12.04/Precise for experimentation with kvm.

What you want to achieve is known as nested virtulisation.  This has been supported with amd64 CPU's for some time now, but only landed for Intel in the Precise version of kvm.

Otherwise, you can avoid this and use qemu (which KVM is based on), and not have hardware acceleration (note, it is MUCH slower), but usable.


Speed optimisation with preload, irqbalance and swappiness

To answer my own question

1) Preload

Good

Depends on what program you use.

If you use google chome, which requires start up once, it is not helpful. If you use a program that run frequently, that may helps

Bad

It consumes ram

It slows down bootup

There's no real need for preload if you have an SSD. This is because SSDs provide much faster random access times than hard disks, so "pre-loading" binaries/dependencies in memory is a waste, IMO

For the hardware stated, preload is useless

2) IRQ Balance

Old post

https://serverfault.com/questions/513807/is-there-still-a-use-for-irqbalance-on-modern-hardware?rq=1

IRQbalance keeps all of the IRQ requests from backing up on a single CPU. I have seen many systems with 4+ CPU cores perform slow because all of the processes on various CPU's are waiting on CPU 0 to process network or storage IRQ requests. CPU 0 looks very, very busy, all the other CPUs are not busy, yet the apps are very slow. The apps are slow because they are waiting on their IO requests from CPU 0.

IRQbalance tries to balance this out in an intelligent way accross all the CPUs and, when possible, puts the IRQ processing as close to the process as possible. This might be the same core, a core on the same die sharing the same cache, or a core in the same NUMA zone.

You should use irqbalance unless:

You are manually pinning your apps/IRQ's to specific cores for a very good reason (low latency, realtime requirements, etc.)

Virtual Guests. It does not really make sense because unless you are pinning the guest to specific CPUs and IRQs and dedicated net/storage hardware, you will likely not see the benefits you would on bare metal. But your KVM/RHEV host SHOULD be using irqbalance and numad and tuned.

Newer post

However, in https://github.com/konkor/cpufreq/issues/48

My first argument is the application doesn't work properly with enabled irqbalance. Second, powersaving. Third, performance related issues etc.

BTW: I'm pretty sure there are many cases where irqbalance could be very useful for server's tasks but not for Desktop usage and, especially, for laptop desktop users.

Linux is very servers oriented and any linux distros want to distribute several versions of kernels. So we all have to running a huge amount useless things for servers hardware, software, protocols and ms azure stacks etc and including irqbalance.

If you don't see 100% loading on CPU0 during your work-flow, you don't need to use irqbalance at all. Also the modern kernel is managing it itself depending on cpu0 loading.

Seems that linux > 4.9 is able to do irqbalance without an external daemon

Even debian, ubuntu now disable it by default

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubuntu-meta/+bug/1833322

irqbalance is technically not needed on desktop systems (supposedly it is mainly for servers), and may actually reduce performance and power savings. It appears to provide benefits only to server environments that have relatively-constant loading. If it is truly a server-oriented package, then it shouldn't be installed by default on a desktop

3) For swappiness

If you have enough RAM, swapping is not of concern. So all those mentioned is irrelevant. But when you run out of memory one day, you will run into trouble

4) Ananicy

The idea is nice, but dont know the performance difference


Apache Test Screen showing after Drupal Install

Delete the index.html from /var/www with

sudo rm /var/www/index.html

Usually, by default, installing the LAMP stack will also install a default index.html at /var/www which may confuse the script/site being installed on that folder. Deleting that default HTML file will ensure that apache will load the file index.php instead.


How to download GIMP from Ubuntu Apps Directory

In a terminal, enter

apt-get download gimp

This will download the gimp package in your current directory

It may be difficult since you are limiting yourself to Windows 7 as a download media for your Ubuntu machine.  You could explore gimp.org, but I suspect that you will have problems which exceed the ability to easily allow you to run Ubuntu - during the install process Ubuntu would like to be able to connect to the internet to download updates to the core of the operating system, and to all of the peripheral programs.

One way to do this would be to create a virtual machine in your windows 7 computer, load and install the required elements, and then create an installation USB based upon your virtual machine.  I have not run through the process of creating a boot image myself, but it is documented on Ubuntu.com


I would recommend guessnet. This is a small script which checks in which environment your computer (or RasPi) is and sets its networt settings accordingly. First you have to define some profiles in the script. Later on runs specific tests to see in which network your computer is. Guessnet chooses a profile and changes your network settings.


Getting this error when I want to install PyAutoIt

You can't install PyAutoIt on non-Windows platforms.

PyAutoIt provides an interface to AutoIt. AutoIt only works on Microsoft Windows platform, so this applies to the python module as well. On the website environment is listed as Win32.


remastersys created Live DVD hangs in "Choose a picture"

Disable the cam module uvcvideo and blacklist it, then you are good to go.


Captive Portal Using PHP and iptables Firewall on Linux

That paticutal command is to remove a user already "allowed". This way if you want to remove the so they have to authenticate again you would run that command.


I managed to get it to work by resizing the casper-rw file using this tool.


Solve by add TERM=xterm-256color to ~/.zshrc (remote ubuntu) .

I think it is because I use msys2(mintty) to login remote ubuntu server. My msys2's TERM=screen-256color , I tried set same TERM on remote .

I don't understand why this only happen in zsh, would be glad if some one could explain this .


Has xorg deleted the nvidia 343 package?

It has been removed, but that still leaves 340 and 346. Check output from:

sudo apt-cache search "NVIDIA binary driver"


How do I move a Ubuntu Install to a drive where Windows is already installed?

there might be a way to go, but it is combined with a little work. So what will we be doing? first we copy the system to its new location. Then we have to make some adjustments to the copied fstab to represent the new location of the root partition and we will chroot into the copied system to adjust the boot files.
Prerequisites:

create a ext4 partition in the unallocated space on /dev/sda
mount the newly created partition to /mnt via sudo mount /dev/sda6 /mnt - it might have a different number at the end but gparted will tell you
get the uuid of the new partition ls -la /dev/disk/by-uuid/ and write it down

Copy files
copy the content of your current / to the new partition with:
sudo rsync -aAXv / --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} /mnt
Make necessary corrections

adjust the fstab on the new location via sudo nano /mnt/etc/fstab and exchange the uuid in the entry for /; afterwards it should look like UUID={UUID-of-the-new-partition}   /   ext4    errors=remount-ro   0  1
mount necessary directories to /mnt for chroot  for dir in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount --bind $dir /mnt$dir; done
lets not forget the boot/efi sudo umount /dev/sda1 && sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
chroot into the copied system sudo chroot /mnt /bin/bash
update the bootloader sudo update-grub
enter exitto leave the chroot
reboot

Finishing up
You now might have two entries for ubuntu in your grub, so you might have to try them to see which one is representing the system in the new location. If it booted fine and you have checked that everything works as intended you can delete the old ubuntu partition in gparted and run sudo update-grub again so there is only one ubuntu left.
hope this helped


The most common reason is you need to change:

own_window_type override

to:

own_window_type normal

If this doesn't fix it, we'll need to see your whole Conky resource file (~/.conkyrc) posted into your question.


Why does X-forwarding firefox take so long?

If you are tunnelling your X11 through ssh, you might want to add compression to the tunnel as well. This can increase performance if bandwidth is scarce.

for example something like this

ssh -CX -c blowfish yourname@yourhost


Is there a command to just run any script?

I think you can create a file something like run.sh.
Open with text editor and place your command to run this files in terminal like below example:
python main.py
gcc main.c
./main.sh

Depending on which source file to compile and run place the code in that run file.
Then open properties and check for executable permissions. You can do this using terminal by this command
sudo chmod +rwx run file

Then open terminal and execute the run file as
./run file name

Commands in run file will be executed sequentially.


You can resize logical volumes with the lvresize command.  Assuming you are using the LV as the virtual disk for a VM, windows will then think the drive has grown, and will have unpartitioned space on it.  You should then be able to use the Windows disk manager to expand the partition.


You have to mount/eject the sd card present in it. You have to plug the device before booting, this is required by usb_modeswitch. Here is the solution     Setting-up Beetel BG64 3G USB modem in ubuntu 13.10 [How-To]


grub version 2.04 not supporting USB keyboard

An easy hack solved the same issue for me. I used the USB hub (not active) and it works now. Obviously it is a dirty hack and something is wrong here either with grub 2.04 or some other issues but for now it saves the situation.

Please read more here: https://www.reddit.com/r/Ubuntu/comments/dsf29v/help_external_usb_keyboard_doesnt_work_at_grub/


This usually happens because you have misconfigured your bios to think you have a floppy drive when you don't.  Fix your bios setting.


Thunderbird and Firefox "profiles" disappear when using updated versions of software

Firefox 67 and later use a changed name scheme for profile folders to allow different profiles for different "channels" of firefox to live together. Profiles associated with the stable release have "-release" appended to their profile name. The same applies for more recent Thunderbird versions.
So for this single time, copy the contents of your old profile over to the newly created profile with the "*.default-release" name to restore your settings.


After upgrade from 16.04 to 18.04 scanner do not work

problems with permissions can normally be gotten around by using  sudo .

Try this:

 sudo sane-find-scanner

Be sure your scanner is on and plugged in.


Ubuntu installation asks for login and password

The user name is ubuntu and there is no password
http://chronicles.blog.ryanrampersad.com/2010/07/ubuntu-usernamepassword-on-live-cd/

if it's not working try Ctrl+Alt+F2. You should see a console.
Type

  sudo adduser (any name you want)

and follow the instructions. Afterwards press Ctrl+Alt+F7 and use the info you just created.


Wireless networks never show up, after trying almost everything

Please open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic
sudo apt-get install --reinstall bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo modprobe wl

If there are no errors, detach the USB and let us have your report.


It's a matter of specifics. When I looked up leveldb, the "-dev" package did not come up, but when I searched lib leveldb, the package "libleveldb-dev" came up.

If you can't find a package in synaptic, attempting to install it in Terminal via apt-get [sudo apt-get install libleveldb-dev] will try to find the package from your package lists. Though not as easy as using Synaptic's quick search, it is a workaround.


I got the fix - make a symlink, as proposed on bugs.winehq.org:

sudo ln -s /home/ubuntu/.wine /root/wine


For me the problem was a strange message in /var/spool/mqueue-client, every time sendmail tried to flush its queue it got nervous about it and returned an error.
How this message arrived and why it was starving in the queue is unclear to me. I simply removed the suspicious message and the system went well.

In mail.log following is seen:

Sep 27 12:42:55 host sm-msp-queue[24233]: v8QIL1mk013002: SYSERR(root): timeout writing message to [127.0.0.1]
Sep 27 12:42:55 host sm-mta[24234]: v8RAglIV024234: collect: premature EOM: unexpected close

Tip: to see message lurking around use the command mailq


What Ports do I need to keep open to access my SSH Server with non-default Port

Do I need to have both unlocked?

No.

  Can I delete the Port 22?

Yes.

  I wouldn't ask this question if my SSH connection would have collapsed but now I'm confused what Port SSH really uses

Typically, your existing connection will not be effected. We would have to see your resulting iptables rule set to know for certain, but your existing/related tcp connection should bypass the closed port check. You can verify by trying to make a new ssh session (as mentioned by the comment from @Joes).

  Is the 47000+ Port only used for the handshake?

No. That port will be used for all the SSH traffic.


One user can view files in Samba share from Win7 PC, other user cannot (from same PC)

I think this is good link to show how to set up samba so can all can use it with out a log in to it.

https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/samba-fileserver.html

-Raymond Day


wifi really slow or rather flaky - fresh install of 16.04 on a thinkpad x1 carbon

Your problems are likely the result of power management being enabled and having aggressive TX disabled, to fix these issues enter these commands one line at a time
echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=8" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlopts.conf
sudo sed -i 's/wifi.powersave = 3/wifi.powersave = 2/' /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf

Reboot

Since there is more than one access point with the SSID you are connecting to, run iwlist scan | egrep -i 'address|ssid|quality|chan' in terminal and find the MAC address of the one with the highest quality and channel 10, then edit your Network Manager settings for this connection and choose the MAC address under the BSSID setting, then save and reboot


12.04 updates caused blue screen after login with taskbar or icons

The first thing you could do is to check if the package you are looking for is in the repositories. I have checked the packages list for Ubuntu and for Precise (12.04) it is listed.
You can do this 2 ways. The first would be using something like Synaptic. This is a graphical apt-get manager which can be found in the Software Center and then search for unity-2d. Alternatively, you could also look using the terminal with the command:

    sudo apt-cache search unity-2d*

That should list all packages that have unity-2D.

I would also make sure that you haven't actually done a distribution upgrade, in which case you would now have 12.10 which does not include Unity-2D.

Let me know if you can find the packages


Lenovo ThinkServer Ubuntu 12 Server Install: Partition Issues

Hei man, I had successful install the Ubuntu 12.04 amd64 to my RD330.
The point is error of install grub to the mega raid disk.
The way to get through this problem is :
I suppose your RD330 is the default BIOS setup (include the RAID setup).
And you need a DVD of Ubuntu amd64 installation.

And then you can boot up from the DVD, install the Ubuntu step by step.
In the step of partition, install program will report that it found a ATA-RAID device, you should chose "use it", then you will partition the hard-disk by manual, I use the full disk for / directory. You should note that, the disk device file is strange--/dev/md126p1, /dev/md126p2, /dev/md126p5...

OK, you should go next, until you got the error "install GRUB to disk" step. Don't worry, just go through, and restart by DVD again.
Once you restart , you should enter the ubuntu command-line mode provided by the DVD.
Now we start to install GRUB by our hand:

# mount /dev/md126p1 /target

If you had partition the /home to a seperated partition, you should do next:

# mount /dev/md126pX /target/home

"X" is your partion dev number, you should know it from prev installation process.

# mount -o bind /proc /target/proc
# mount -o bind /sys /target/sys
# mount --rbind /dev /target/dev

（Now we do a chroot to the mount system.）

    # chroot /target /bin/bash

(Now create the file device.map, used by GRUB.）

# echo "(hd0) /dev/md126" > /boot/device.map

NOTE THAT: use /dev/md126, NOT /dev/md126p1, it should the md126!

# cp /boot/device.map /boot/grub/

Now install grub

# grub-install --root-directory=/ /dev/md126
# grub-setup /dev/md126

    # update-grub
    grub

It will build the file: /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Done.

The key process is echo "(hd0) /dev/md126" > /boot/device.map

Because the Ubuntu installation program use the /target partition /dev/md126p1 directory in grub-install, so it can't be done in a raid. The RAID MBR is not on the first partition /dev/md126p1,  but on the base devices file /dev/md126.

I had tried weeks for this problem, finally win! Woo!


Unable to connect Bluetooth devices to my laptop after updating Windows driver

So I attempted to follow the instructions from Ubuntu 16.04.2 on Intel NUC7i3, Bluetooth not working but it did not solve my issues. At least I know it didn't directly solve my issue

I ended up following these directions

How to connect Bluetooth headphones to Laptop?

and used bluetoothctlto remove the device that is saved. Ran scan on then pair <bluetooth mac address> than connect <bluetooth mac address>

This worked for my mouse, but when i attempted to connect my JBL bluetooth headphones, it didn't work. So I'm not quite clear as to the reason of the issue.


Unable to remove KDE Plasma Desktop environment from Ubuntu 13.04

source: https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/meta-kde4/+question/190430

sudo apt-get remove akonadi-backend-mysql akonadi-server akregator amarok amarok-common amarok-utils apport-kde apturl-kde ark bluedevil cdparanoia cdrdao docbook-xsl dolphin dragonplayer freespacenotifier gnupg-agent gnupg2 gpgsm gstreamer0.10-qapt gtk2-engines-oxygen gwenview ibus-qt4 icoutils jockey-kde k3b k3b-data kaccessible kaddressbook kamera kate kate-data katepart kcalc kde-baseapps-bin kde-baseapps-data kde-config-gtk kde-config-touchpad kde-runtime kde-runtime-data kde-wallpapers-default kde-window-manager kde-workspace kde-workspace-bin kde-workspace-data kde-workspace-kgreet-plugins kde-zeroconf kdebase-runtime kdegames-card-data kdegraphics-strigi-analyzer kdelibs-bin kdelibs5-data kdelibs5-plugins kdemultimedia-kio-plugins kdenetwork-filesharing kdepasswd kdepim-groupware kdepim-kresources kdepim-runtime kdepim-strigi-plugins kdepim-wizards kdepimlibs-kio-plugins kdesudo kdm kdoctools kfind khelpcenter4 kinfocenter klipper kmag kmail kmix kmousetool knotes konsole kontact kopete kopete-message-indicator korganizer kpat kppp ksnapshot ksysguard ksysguardd ksystemlog ktimetracker ktorrent ktorrent-data kubuntu-debug-installer kubuntu-default-settings kubuntu-desktop kubuntu-docs kubuntu-firefox-installer kubuntu-netbook-default-settings kubuntu-notification-helper kubuntu-web-shortcuts kvkbd kwalletmanager language-selector-kde libakonadi-calendar4 libakonadi-contact4 libakonadi-kabc4 libakonadi-kcal4 libakonadi-kde4 libakonadi-kmime4 libakonadiprotocolinternals1 libassuan0 libattica0 libbluedevil1 libboost-program-options1.46.1 libcalendarsupport4 libcln6 libclucene0ldbl libdebconf-kde0 libdiscid0 libdlrestrictions1 libdmtx0a libencode-locale-perl libepub0 libeventviews4 libfile-listing-perl libflac++6 libfont-afm-perl libgadu3 libgpgme++2 libgps19 libgrantlee-core0 libhtml-form-perl libhtml-format-perl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-tree-perl libhttp-cookies-perl libhttp-daemon-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libhttp-negotiate-perl libibus-qt1 libilmbase6 libincidenceeditorsng4 libindicate-qt1 libio-socket-ssl-perl libiodbc2 libk3b6 libkabc4 libkateinterfaces4 libkatepartinterfaces4 libkblog4 libkcal4 libkcalcore4 libkcalutils4 libkcddb4 libkcmutils4 libkde3support4 libkdecorations4 libkdecore5 libkdegames5a libkdepim4 libkdepimdbusinterfaces4 libkdesu5 libkdeui5 libkdewebkit5 libkdgantt2 libkdnssd4 libkemoticons4 libkephal4abi1 libkexiv2-10 libkexiv2-data libkfile4 libkholidays4 libkhtml5 libkidletime4 libkimap4 libkio5 libkipi-data libkipi8 libkjsapi4 libkjsembed4 libkldap4 libkleo4 libkmanagesieve4 libkmbox4 libkmediaplayer4 libkmime4 libknewstuff2-4 libknewstuff3-4 libknotifyconfig4 libkntlm4 libkonq-common libkonq5-templates libkonq5abi1 libkontactinterface4 libkopete4 libkparts4 libkpgp4 libkpimidentities4 libkpimtextedit4 libkpimutils4 libkprintutils4 libkpty4 libkresources4 libkrosscore4 libksba8 libkscreensaver5 libksgrd4 libksieve4 libksieveui4 libksignalplotter4 libktexteditor4 libktnef4 libktorrent-l10n libktorrent3 libkunitconversion4 libkwineffects1abi2 libkworkspace4 libkxmlrpcclient4 liblastfm0 libloudmouth1-0 liblwp-mediatypes-perl liblwp-protocol-https-perl libmailcommon4 libmailtools-perl libmailtransport4 libmessagecomposer4 libmessagecore4 libmessagelist4 libmessageviewer4 libmicroblog4 libmpcdec6 libmsn0.3 libmuonprivate1 libmusicbrainz3-6 libnepomuk4 libnepomukquery4a libnepomukutils4 libnet-http-perl libnet-ssleay-perl libntrack-qt4-1 libntrack0 libokularcore1 libopenexr6 libotr2 libphonon4 libplasma-geolocation-interface4 libplasma3 libplasmaclock4abi2 libplasmagenericshell4 libpolkit-qt-1-1 libpoppler-qt4-3 libprison0 libprocesscore4abi1 libprocessui4a libqalculate5 libqapt-runtime libqapt1 libqca2 libqca2-plugin-ossl libqgpgme1 libqimageblitz4 libqjson0 libqrencode3 libqt4-designer libqt4-help libqt4-qt3support libqt4-scripttools libqt4-sql-sqlite libqt4-test libqtassistantclient4 libqtglib-2.0-0 libqtgstreamer-0.10-0 libqtscript4-core libqtscript4-gui libqtscript4-network libqtscript4-sql libqtscript4-uitools libqtscript4-xml libqtwebkit4 libreoffice-kde libreoffice-style-oxygen libsolid4 libsolidcontrol4abi2 libsolidcontrolifaces4abi2 libsoprano4 libssh-4 libstreamanalyzer0 libstreams0 libsyndication4 libtag-extras1 libtaskmanager4abi2 libtemplateparser4 libthreadweaver4 libtimedate-perl liburi-perl libvirtodbc0 libweather-ion6 libwww-perl libwww-robotrules-perl libxml2-utils libxss1 libzip1 muon muon-installer muon-notifier muon-updater mysql-client-core-5.1 mysql-server-core-5.1 ntrack-module-libnl-0 odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 okular okular-extra-backends oxygen-cursor-theme oxygen-icon-theme oxygen-icon-theme-complete partitionmanager phonon phonon-backend-gstreamer pinentry-gtk2 pinentry-qt4 plasma-dataengines-addons plasma-dataengines-workspace plasma-desktop plasma-netbook plasma-scriptengine-javascript plasma-scriptengine-python plasma-widget-facebook plasma-widget-folderview plasma-widget-kimpanel plasma-widget-kimpanel-backend-ibus plasma-widget-menubar plasma-widget-message-indicator plasma-widget-networkmanagement plasma-widgets-addons plasma-widgets-workspace plymouth-theme-kubuntu-logo plymouth-theme-kubuntu-text printer-applet python-kde4 python-pyudev python-qt4 python-qt4-dbus python-sip qapt-batch qapt-deb-installer quassel quassel-data rekonq shared-desktop-ontologies software-properties-kde soprano-daemon system-config-printer-kde systemsettings update-manager-kde usb-creator-kde userconfig virtuoso-minimal virtuoso-opensource-6.1-bin virtuoso-opensource-6.1-common && sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop


Ubuntu server 14.04 can't update internet problem

Please amend your interfaces file to correct:

dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

The s at the end is crucial. Restart the interface:

sudo ifdown wlan0 && sudo ifup -v wlan0

The -v for verbose will produce some messages indicating probable success or errors. Test:

ping -c3 www.google.com

By the way, you are behind a router and you have a private IP address. Your 192.168.x.y or 10.0.1.x address gives away nothing personally identifiable, but could help us diagnose your issue.


How to chain Ubuntu bootloader with openSUSE bootloader with LUKS?

So this is a quick and dirty setup with both grub bootloaders in use. I installed both bootloaders in their separate partitions on their respective drives.

The bootloader for openSUSE was installed in /dev/sda1 and the bootloader for Kubuntu in /dev/sdc1.

Since I haven't yet figured out how to get Kubuntu to recognise the full disk LUKS installation of openSUSE, I instead used openSUSE as the primary boot loader. It also helps that as I only encrypted the /home folder for Kubuntu instead of the full disk encryption I did for openSUSE, which made it easier for the openSUSE boot loader to find the other OS.


Moving partition containing ubuntu to another partition on the same HDD

Well, this is how I did this.

Step 1: Live boot using USB.

Step 2: Extend /dev/sda4 by merging this with unallocated space (101.85 GiB) above.

Step 2 results in moving the unallocated space into the extended partition i.e, just above /dev/sda5 and just below /dev/sda4.

Step 3: Extend /dev/sda5 by merging this with unallocated space above.

Done !


Does backing-up /etc/apt/sources.list and restoring sources.list with the same permission is an acceptable practice?

No, /etc/apt/sources.list file should vary for each Ubuntu version.


I cannot tell for sure whether I misused ddrescue or it is buggy or malware. I ran it under Ubuntu 20.04 to clone an old 1 Tb HDD into a same size SSD. After some time the graphics screen went off and a flood of yellow characters came into view announcing thousands of disk write errors. Ctrl-alt, escape key, Ctrl-c... could not stop the race. The only way out was turning power off.
Results:
-Bootable System HDD was rendered non-bootable. It took booting from a USB key and using fsck manually to fix it.
-Destination SSD volume lost its bootable partition. Fixed with Gparted.
-Source volume remained allright!
Using old good dd did the job.
So, BEWARE!


Computer doesn't boot, displays Read Error after splash screen

Lets first check your file system for errors.

For 17.10 or older...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors

If you have your /home directories on a separate partition, run sudo fsck -f /home as well

type reboot

For 18.04 or newer...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
open a terminal window
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/XXXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/XXXX # replacing XXXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors

If you have separate partitions for your /home directory, repeat this using the appropriate /dev/xxxx

type reboot

Update #1:

The HDD is getting ECC correctable read errors, and failing fsck.

Update #2:

Data is being recovered from the drive. The drive will be replaced with a SSD.


Don't defrag the SSD !!!!!!! The sub-10 second boot time you initially achieved suggests that you use an SSD. There is absolutely no need to defrag SSDs, just the opposite, it reduces the lifetime of the SSD and doesn't give any performance gains.


Looks like this issue is what several users discussed here: https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+question/247265

The discussion there is long, and people seem to have used various methods to resolve the issue for their systems. However, here's a portion of a post that seemed to be the most help to many people (since there doesn't seem to be one specific solution, you'll probably have to experiment with the various solutions proposed):

  Hey, everyone. The solution that I posted has something of a major flaw: it's not that it's wrong, it just isn't a permanent fix. In order to make the changes permanent, you actually have to edit your GRUB file. Another Linux-user who found the solution I posted emailed me about it, and this is what I sent him in reply:

  Hi,

  I found at this link a thread in wich people discussed about exactly my problem. And you were the only one that posted an answer and I don' t understand something in that answer and that's how you found the boot commands.
  Please give me un answer my Ubuntu 14.04 is installed but I can' t acces it :(

  Thanks
  Adrian Ciucanel

  10:22 AM (6 hours ago)

  to me
  I forgot the link: https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+question/247265
  Daniel Williams

  2:20 PM (2 hours ago)

  to Adrian

  A couple of questions first:

  When you start up, does your computer give you a couple of OS options, i.e. Windows, Ubuntu?
  Assuming the answer is yes, choosing Ubuntu, are you taken to a burgundy screen titled GNU GRUB version 2.02 (or some variation thereof) ?

  If yes, use the up/down arrow keys to prevent the GRUB screen from automatically choosing Ubuntu. Then, highlight the Ubuntu option. There should be an option at the bottom of the grub screen to edit commands before booting (mine has 'e' as the hot-button).

  Once you hit the command edit hot-button, you should see a block of boot commands. Keep in mind that you will have separate boot commands for every boot option.

  Caution: all of the information I'm sending you is stuff I've figured out through tinkering with my computer, and I am by NO means a Linux expert. I can't guarantee that this will solve your problem, and honestly, it's a solution I found on another site.
  Daniel Williams

  4:57 PM (3 minutes ago)

  to Adrian
  Hey, Adrian, I recently discovered that the solution I gave on the site is not a permanent fix. It works, but in order to make the changes permanent, you'll have to go into your grub.cfg file in your boot/grub folder and make the same changes in the file. It's read-only if you just try to open it, so you'll have to use this command in your terminal to access the file without restrictions: sudo gedit ... Once you open gedit, you'll have to browse for grub.cfg. Unfortunately I don't know how to open files directly from the terminal (although I'm certain there's a way to do it).


Objectively, windows is the platform for gaming in terms of volume of games available. Valve has made some massive strives at making games compatible for Linux through Steam Proton, their gaming-focused compatibility layer, but when I moved over to Ubuntu from Windows a mere 40% of my game library was deemed "fully compatible" and the current whitelist for games Proton makes compatible (games never designed to run on Linux) is still only in the double digits. Individual results vary heavily with Proton compatibility, however. It depends on your hardware/distro.

Gaming on Linux is also pretty much never as streamlined as on Windows. Some developers will release their games for both platforms (many indie titles on Steam work this way), but that requires maintaining two versions of the game, and oftentimes there are bugs in the Linux version that don't exist in the Windows version, oftentimes game-breaking (Risk of Rain has a bug that prevents you from unlocking a character in the Linux version).

Gaming on Linux is viable, but by no means objectively superior. It has been getting substantially better in recent years and is showing no sign of stopping.


Try running on the command line,

im-switch

This will let you set per-user the input method.


Cloning Ubuntu with gparted. Both partitions are root?

Does it relate to UUIDs? (because blkid shows that both partitions have the same UUID)

Yes. If your intent is to create an independent OS, you need to assign a different UUID. GParted can do that for you. Right-click on the cloned partition, and choose new UUID. A random UUID will be assigned to the partition.

  How can I "separate" the two Ubuntus from each other? Make them 2 independent OSs.

It's been a while since I did this. I remember having to change /etc/fstab and /boot/grub/grub.cfg of the cloned partition to reflect the new UUID. Be careful with grub.cfg coz there are multiple entries of the old UUID that needs to be edited. Make sure to get them all.
Boot into the original partition, make sure the cloned partition is no longer being mounted upon boot, and do sudo update-grub to create the new menu entries for the cloned partition.
Reboot into the cloned partition to check if it works. I may have missed out on other entries that needs to be changed.

  Is this a good idea?

If your intent is to make a back-up, then NO. There are better ways to back up your root partition without resorting to cloning and changing UUIDs.

If the intent is to make a separate, independent OS out of the original root partition, then maybe yes.


Do you use an old version of Ubuntu?

Upgrading to the latest Ubuntu (LTS recommended) version will solve your problem. Check this out Can't launch Chrome on ubuntu 15.10


Are you sure you've not formatted your entire hard drive?  By default Ubuntu shows the partitions for the disks available.  Windows formats your disk with NTFS and it is easily recognizable by Ubuntu.

Try checking for the size available for your Ubuntu.  It might be the size of your entire disk.


Ok, I got it, autokey is the way to go.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cdekter/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install autokey-gtk

Run the GUI and add new phrase with <up> as the script and shortcut  Cntrl-p .
Also you would like to exclude the emacs window, put ((?<!^emacs).)*$ as filter.


(Disclaimer: I've only done this on Windows 7, however I understand it should work just as well on 8.1.)

Step 1

Install EasyBcd on Windows.

Step 2

Make sure you have a recovery or installation cd/usb for Windows 8. You'll need it. You can generate one from within Windows 8 itself if you don't have one. See http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-8/create-usb-recovery-drive for instructions. It might be a good idea to write down your Windows 8 key as well.

Step 3

Install Ubuntu. Follow whatever guide you find for that. Just make sure you don't erase the Windows partition. At this point, you should be able to boot into Ubuntu only using grub, not Windows. You may have an option for Windows in grub, but that isn't what you want.

Step 4

Boot into your recovery/installation cd/usb. Choose repair Windows and let it fix the startup problems. When this is done, you should be able to boot into Windows, but not anything else.

Step 5

Boot into Windows. Start EasyBcd. Add an booting option, choose "linux". Save. You should now have dual boot from the Windows bootloader.


Gmail 2FA Rejects Thunderbird 68.5.0 With Error "Google couldn't verify that this account belongs to you"

I got it working.  I was using Authy for 2FA, the solution was to go in to Authy and set up 2FA for Google Accounts.  After that when I repeated the above steps to access Gmail from Thunderbird, it asked me for the code, which Authy generated, I put that in and it worked.


Have you enabled "Show battery status in menu bar" under the Power options?

EDIT
Hit Alt+F2, type dconf-editor and hit Enter. In that window, navigate to com > canonical > indicator > power, and change icon-policy to present. Also, try checking or un-checking show-time.


You have to provide full details of your PC, but anyway..

If you are using an nVidia or AMD graphics card, you need to update the drivers and then do some tweaks in the CCSM (Compiz Config Settings Manager).

Check these links:

[HOWTO] Optimize Minecraft for Linux

Ubuntu12.04 & Up Video Tearing Fix (Nvidia)


Dual Boot a light-weight variant of Ubuntu on a Toshiba Satellite L505

You can try to install Xubuntu using WUBI.

I would suggest getting Xubuntu 12.04, Precise Pangolin. You should be able to just mount the iso file using daemon tools and install it like any other windows app. You can trivially uninstall it as well using Add and Remove Programs.

Ultimately if your battery is failing, I dont know how much a light weight distro will help. You could go lighter than Xubuntu though, but I would suggest you start with it.


Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS super key - searching - increase the number of files displayed

Workaround

it is possible to increase the number globally..
Meaning for all the search results. Not individually for Files app.

You may create a Gnome-Shell Extension on your own with below content in the extension.js file.

function init() {}

function enable() { imports.ui.search.MAX_LIST_SEARCH_RESULTS_ROWS=10; }

function disable() { imports.ui.search.MAX_LIST_SEARCH_RESULTS_ROWS=5; }


The only solution to your question that I can think of (assuming that you know the details of the process) would be to parse the history file of those users that would have the permissions necessary to terminate the process in question for a command that would terminate it.

This would of course require that you have permission to access the users in question .bash_history file. And would also require that the user in question was oblivious as to how to or didn't bother to turn off their own history.

I consider the odds of both of these conditions being met highly unlikely, so perhaps this comment is more accurate in the real world.

However, regardless of the likelihood of both these conditions being met, it is possible.


How to reserve dhcp for mac address in another file?

You can restrict a pool of addresses with deny unknown-clients;. This way, only MAC addresses which appear in a host declaration will receive an IP.

And you don't need to specify a fixed-address in the host declaration.

A minimal (and untested) example might look like this

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {
    # option routers 192.168.1.1;
    # option ... etc.

    pool {
            range 192.168.100.1 192.168.101.254;
            deny unknown-clients;
    }
}

include "/etc/dhcpd/known-hosts.conf";

And in "/etc/dhcpd/known-hosts.conf", which should be easy to generate with a script from your MAC-addresses list :

host h1 { hardware ethernet 00:09:b0:48:ca:ec; }
host h2 { hardware ethernet 00:80:88:11:e0:9f; }


"Symlinks" (AKA "Soft links") aren't the best tool for this. There's a tool, called hardlink (Provided by: hardlink_0.3.0build1_amd64) designed to "Link multiple copies of a file"


12.04 - partitioning extended to primary

You could give SystemRescueCD a try: http://www.sysresccd.org/Download

The idea is to boot a LiveCD to allow to manipulate the HDD partitions without having any partition mounted. This LiveCD comes with GParted so you should be familiar with the rest of the resizing procedure.

HTH,
Simon


How do I get permission to edit in my usb

Mount a FAT32 partition in a USB stick with write permissions for everybody

Assumption: the pendrive is seen as /dev/sdx, replace the partition device sdxn with the actual letters for the partition, for example sdb1: /dev/sdxn ---> /dev/sdb1.

Explanation: x is the drive letter, and n is the partition number. Text after # is a comment (not used as a command).

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/sd1  # only if you want a new mountpoint
sudo umount /dev/sdxn   # general: only if already mounted (with bad permissions).
sudo umount /dev/sdb1   # example

sudo mount -o rw,users,umask=000 /dev/sdxn /mnt/sd1  # general: mount
sudo mount -o rw,users,umask=000 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1  # example

ls -ld /mnt/sd1                          # check permissions

sudo bash -c "echo 'Hello World' > /mnt/sd1/hello.txt"  # test writing with sudo
cat /mnt/sd1/hello.txt                   # test reading (as user)
ls -l /mnt/sd1                           # check permissions of the content
rm /mnt/sd1/hello.txt                    # test removing (as user)
echo 'I am a user' > /mnt/sd1/user.txt   # test writing (as user)


Ubuntu server12.04 not connecting to other LAN (via site-to-site VPN)

The ping to google is using the default routing and does only show that your internet connection seems to work ;-)

For other local LAN networks you have two possibilities.

different logical LAN on the same physical hardware

If you use different logical LAN on the same physical hardware (e.g. for security reasons), you have to ensure that the used netmask on the interface covers all used LAN addresses.

routing between really different LAN

For this you should know which server is connected to the other (e.g. 192.186.11.*) network and your network.

For this purpose you can use the ip (or the old fashioned route) command.
For a permanent solution you have to tweak ether your dhcp server or local network configuration (/etc/network/interfaces).


Well, if its in the same boat as this then you may be looking at something not many may truly have an answer for.
  You can:
      Check the BIOS for fan speed settings or anything that will affect it and try different ones. For instance, running the laptop in performance mode will increase fan usage.
      Check for a new BIOS firmware on the manufactures website.
      Check sensor temperatures, control fan speeds. Instructions here.
      See here for a discussion on fan cycling.
          Notably that it can be caused by hardware issues, dust, air flow. Also that
          you can try other graphics drivers if its that fan causing the problem (or
          perhaps different settings in the drivers settings program.
      I would add though, that if it was a laptop that came with Windows installed then the BIOS could have problems working 100% with Linux.
      If its a linux bug or driver related then an attempt in trying a different OS such as Windows could determine that.
      Restarting.
      Shutdown and waiting a few hours may determine if its heat related.


The command sudo apt-get update is not a method to remove software but it rereads the repositories to see if there are new versions available for the installed software. The particular error you get means that you don't have the corresponding key for that particular repository, furthermore it seems the computer is unable to find the ppa's at all. It is easy to solve these problems but it is not what your question is about.

You asked you to remove it, so then you have to issue the command:

sudo apt-get remove --purge webcontentcontrol

If you want to solve the missing key problem, open a terminal and enter this:

$ keymissing=C4D0E34E9443F10F && \
gpg --keyserver wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys $keymissing && \
gpg --armor --export $keymissing | apt-key add - && apt-get update


Set default application using command line

To make a default application that opens a file from the GUI do the following:

Right click on the file and choose properties.
Select the open With tab.
Select your desired application
Click Set as Default


Ubuntu 13.04 x32 Server CLI - How to Enable - Auto Login via CLI

To the best of my knowledge, there isn't (without reprogramming things under the hood in the getty layer or installing X -- the latter of which would remove the CLI-only part of the question).

Unless you are SSHing into the machine from another machine, in which case you can setup SSH keys to log you in automatically that way.


Ubuntu video playback with horizontal lines and other artifacts

Try these procedure:

Update Ubuntu
Downoload Latest GFX Driver ( ATI or Nvidia )
Download Latest Codecs for your Video