Is it viable to run Ubuntu from a USB (long-term)

Hello fellow USB booter :3
I am excited to say that, I, like you have had the need to the solution to this exact problem; though, I did it more for portability than anything else.
I actually tried many things before like using the live-boot with/without persistence and any other similar live boot setups but they never really worked for me. Adding to the fact that persistence wasn't going to happen the same as with a normal pc or laptop due to having to create a specific filesystem or something like this for the persistence file and the wear and tear the USB would have to take I ended up with the following.
So... if you've already tried USB persistence and found it lacking this is what I followed.
The method is pretty straightforward:
Required tools:

Vbox with Ubuntu image
USB 3.0 min storage suggested from personal observation 128GB

(I purchased a Samsung USB 128GB as it seemed it would handle all the OS installation and probably have an OK speed for read/write operations. I also have used other Samsung SSD's so I was pretty confident in it's performance)
Overview of method:

Somewhere in the Vbox settings of the image you'll need to select 'Use as live bootable disc' or something similar maybe 'Live/Boot' could also be the option

Depending on your setup you might need to install USB 3.0 support on Vbox if your connecting your USB device to a 3.0 port as it might not recognize it otherwise

Start your Live Ubuntu Vbox and go through the process until you're selecting the installation disk.

You'll need to format the USB with ext4 I believe. I think some have suggested ext2 or ext3 but I used ext4 and selected '/' as an option somewhere in those settings as well.

Once you've configured it proceed with the installation and wait until the installation process is done.

5.1. Try booting from the USB

Depending on your BIOS settings you might need to enable UEFI support(I always have to research how the MBR,GPT,ext4,UEFI and Legacy all work together to boot an OS because I always forget, so I'm sure google has the answers if you run into an issue with any of these settings).

If all happened correctly then you should now have ended up with the following:
USB 3.0 126GB with a full-fledged Ubuntu installation on it.
This USB 3.0 device can now boot up from any computer that supports USB booting and possible will need UEFI enabled to.
Longevity:
I haven't met anyone who has run a full-fledged operating system from a USB as their main driver. On that note I've been using mine for well over 10 months now and it's still going good.
Use Performance:
After using it for many months and not even turning off the pc most of the time I don't think I've notices any sluggishness. I'll sometimes be editing short videos and images as well as working with programming and browsing a lot on a dual monitor screen and it handles well. Not as fast as my SSD but much faster than many HDDs. The good thing here is that USB 3.0 is pretty fast now and it's almost in every place now. If you use USB 2.0 port you'll definitely see the difference in speeds when programs open or files move.
Always bear in mind that it's a USB installation and that sometimes these things fail all at once or over time as well.
I've used my USB Ubuntu installation on many computers now and it's been flawless, except with macs as their booting has different requirements)
Also, I remember doing something about installing EFI on it so that the computer could detect it was an OS and add it to the boot order so if another computer doesn't support UEFI you might need to try another method or try changing this one somehow.
You might also want to create a swap file for some performance improvement but this is only what I've seen recommended on forum's about server performance so I'm not sure how much it would help here and it would also be costing you storage space in case you're on a lower than 128GB USB.
In any case I hope this sends you in the right path. I know it took me a while to figure it out but now I'm able to write this post from my own USB installation ;)


Multiple GRUB installs with UEFI: how do they find their config?

The location of GRUB's configuration file is hard-coded in the grubx64.efi binary. The last I checked, Ubuntu worked in one of two ways, depending on which package you installed:

If you install the Secure Boot-capable version of GRUB, it looks in EFI/ubuntu on the same volume as the GRUB binary for grub.cfg. This file is then customized to point back to /boot/grub/grub.cfg, referring to the partition by UUID number.
If you install the non-Secure-Boot version of GRUB, the package modifies the grubx64.efi binary at install time so that it refers directly to /boot/grub/grub.cfg.

Note that it's been a while since I checked these details, and I never delved into them all that deeply, so I may be mistaken about some of this.

The upshot of this is that, if you want to use two GRUBs that point to two different configuration files, you must modify the grubx64.efi binary yourself. There's an old Ubuntu wiki page that describes how to build GRUB for EFI. This page is mostly outdated, and in fact points to another page as a replacement; but the new page doesn't describe the "nuts and bolts" of building a GRUB binary. It's been a while since I reviewed the old page in any depth, so I can't promise it will tell you what you need to know, but it may.

IMHO, this is all too much effort. ELILO, SYSLINUX, and rEFInd all use configuration files in their home directories, so you can install a dozen of each (in separate directories) and each of them will have its own configuration file. These programs' configuration files are all also much easier to maintain than is GRUB 2's -- although if you're doing it by hand, GRUB 2 needn't be all that much worse than others.

For your specific case, you might find a single rEFInd installation to be the best option. It auto-detects kernels on each boot, so one rEFInd installation will handle both your distributions with no need for extra configuration when you update a kernel. (You may need to set up a /boot/refind_linux.conf file in each distribution to handle distribution-specific kernel options, though.) Caveat: I'm rEFInd's maintainer, so I'm not exactly unbiased.


I've seen this manifest on two desktops I manage.

This is a kernel related regression, the launchpad bug is: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/1779827

As a workaround, press keys and/or move the mouse at boot.  This will increase the randomness entropy.

Or running the following command to install rng-tools solves the issue for me:

sudo apt install rng-tools

From Arch wiki: The rng-tools is a set of utilities related to random number generation in kernel. This is mainly useful to increase the quantity of entropy in kernel to make /dev/random faster.


Increasing the size of the disk does not automatically increase the size of the partitions on it.  You have to use a tool like gparted to do that.  Once you start gparted it will show you all the unused space, and you simply drag the partition boundaries around to fill that up.


The solution for this issue was provided to me by a user on the Dell forums.
https://www.dell.com/community/Linux-General/Dell-Inspiron-3593-Crash-on-wake-up-and-boot-errors/m-p/7707644#M17529
Briefly, the issue was caused by problems with ASPM resulting in the system not being able to properly wake up the SSD after suspend. To fix, "pcie_aspm=off" was added to the kernel parameters in order to explicitly disable ASPM.


Recommend place for google appengine launcher files to reside?

There is no official way, but here is how I do it and it works out well...
This dir may already be created for you if you have Google Chrome installed. If not, lets create it then move the folder inside:
sudo mkdir -p /opt/google/
mv /usr/share/apps/google-appengine-launcher /opt/google

Now edit your ~/.bashrc file and at the very bottom add:
export PATH=/opt/google/google-appengine-launcher:$PATH

Then run:
source ~/.bashrc

You may need to log out and back in for Alt+F2 to work (I'm not certain). But that should be all you need to do.
One last note, make sure and remove your symlink from before.
To have a simpler name as a start-up command:
Create an alias, shell function, a script, or a desktop shortcut.
For example, to create an alias, add this to .bashrc:
alias start_gae='GoogleAppEngineLauncher.py'

Then it's only necessary to enter start_gae at the shell prompt.


where to get instrument sounds for for ubuntu music software?

The packages you need:

$  sudo apt-cache search sf2
awesfx - utility programs for AWE32/64 and Emu10k1 driver
freepats - Free patch set for MIDI audio synthesis
gigtools - command line tools for Gigasampler and DLS Level 1/2 files
opl3-soundfont - OPL3 SoundFont that simulates the sound of an OPL3 chip
sf3convert - MuseScore SoundFont converter
sfarkxtc - Converts soundfonts from legacy sfArk v2 file format to sf2
texlive-latex-extra - TeX Live: LaTeX additional packages
timgm6mb-soundfont - TimGM6mb SoundFont from MuseScore 1.3
timidity - Software sound renderer (MIDI sequencer, MOD player)


Issues on 12.04.3 on Asus Notebook with geforce 710m

I am not aware of any update in 12.04.3 or, for that matter, any later Ubuntu version, that addresses the asus_nb_wmi issue. That's why driver parameters exist; if the built-in driver doesn't exactly fit your particular laptop model, you may have success trying a parameter, in your case, wapf=1. Once you have discovered and implemented it, I see nothing wrong with just using it for what it was intended without expecting an immediate update.


Unity not loading, how can I troubleshoot?

Turns out the solution was to purge and reinstall fglrx*, where obviously some setting had gone wrong:

sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx*
sudo apt-get install fglrx


Why upstart documentation prevents me from using respawn

It doesn't say you can't use both stanzas. It says, to paraphrase, don't include a respawn stanza until you are satisfied your expect stanza is working.

Problems with the expect stanza can be very difficult to debug and can be quite disastrous. See the cookbook's entry on the expect stanza, especially the section describing whether to use expect fork or expect daemon for examples of what can happen.


Switch between headphone and speaker automatically?

I don't know that there is A BEST solution to this, it's up to personal preference.

What I love to do is have my usb headphone and 5.1 surround sound system plugged in at the same time.

To switch from one to the other, say sound-system to headphones, I hit the power button on my sound system to trun it off and scroll the volume knob on my usb headset to turn it on (system volume is on 70% so 100% on the headset is a fine tuned fit).

Guide.

Note : once "Add virtual output device for simultaneous output on all sound cards" is enabled, reboot then continue the rest of the steps.


Where can I motivate for Ubuntu support?

You know, it is actually Ubuntu's decision to build a custom DE that does not support the commonly accepted ways to create tray icons, notifications and stuff.
So it must be Ubuntu's task, not the application developer's one, to add a support for Unity to all applications that need it. So yes, the Launchpad. Don't annoy the application developers too much if, say, tray icon does not show up in Unity.


Installing on a drive with multiple NTFS primary partitions

It doesn't matter where to create the free space.

Install alongside Windows should work if the HDD is in GPT.

select MBR for UEFI in Rufus is related to creating a LiveUSB. This doesn't mean that the installed system will also use MBR.


Proxifying multiple applications with different proxies

Try with this

Edit your:

sudo -H gedit /etc/profile.d/proxy.sh

Enter the details in this format.

export http_proxy=http://username:password@proxyhost:port/
export ftp_proxy=http://username:password@proxyhost:port/
export telnet_proxy=http://username:password@proxyhost:port/

This is for when using wget, ftp, lftp, telnet in terminal

ssh has no native SOCKS client support, you need to use a ProxyCommand for that, for instance with socat:

ssh -o ProxyCommand='socat - SOCKS4A:myproxy:%h:%p,socksuser=nobody' user@host

Or use things like tsocks to transparently use SOCKS for TCP traffic.

For SOCKS5 with socat 2:

ssh -o ProxyCommand='socat - "SOCKS5:%h:%p|tcp:myproxy:1080"' user@host

For HTTP Proxy CONNECT method with socat 2:

ssh -o ProxyCommand='socat - "PROXY:%h:%p|tcp:myproxy:80"' user@host


Ubuntu and Windows 8.1 Dual Boot on Toshiba Satellite

If you did your install while secure boot was enabled, need to run boot-repair while secure-boot is enabled.


Ubuntu 14.04: What happen there is a user with UID = 0 but it is not root?

UID==0 is the definition for the all-powerful root user. If you create a userid with UID==0 it will be the root user, no matter what you call it. They are many, many security problems associated with multiple root accounts. Tracability, for one.


If you use rEFInd to have a dual boot (Mac OS X, Ubuntu), you can choose to restart Ubuntu, rather than shut down it. Then, in the rEFInd screen (where you choose which OS to launch), you can choose to simply shut down the computer. It's a workaround, but it works for me...


You can do that with

dpkg -i package-file.deb

This will replace any other version of package-file.deb that already is installed.

As dpkg can't resolve package dependencies it will just complain if you need to downgrade other packages, and you'll have to do that manually.

Note that downgrading isn't officially supported and may cause problems with some packages.


In the default setup on Ubuntu 12.04, the .profile file is loaded by /usr/sbin/lightdm-session. This is shell script, executed by /bin/sh.

On Ubuntu, /bin/sh is dash. You've used features of bash that dash doesn't support. Dash and Bash both have the same core features, but dash sticks to these core features in order to be fast and small whereas bash adds a lot of features at the cost of requiring more resources. It is common to use dash for scripts that don't need the extra features and bash for interactive use (though zsh has a lot of nicer features).

Dash doesn't have arrays, nor the declare built-in, so it's bombing out on that line. You can put the list of paths inline:

for dir in "$HOME/bin" "$HOME/.cabal/bin" "/opt/vert.x/current/bin"; do
  if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
    PATH="$dir:$PATH"
  fi
done

See keep duplicates out of $PATH on source if you want to make sure not to end up with duplicate entries.

Rather than add new directories to PATH for each program you install, you might want to set up symbolic links in an existing directory instead. For ~/.cabal/bin, you'll want to have it in your path because executables there will be coming and going; I'd put it at the end of the PATH though, to avoid potential conflicts with existing programs on your system. ~/bin is already in your PATH on Ubuntu. For programs that you install manually such as vert.x, stow or xstow is nice for managing symbolic links. See Keeping track of programs for an introduction to stow.


Stop Google Chrome being the default browser in Lubuntu 12.04

Source: here.
Fire in Terminal
sudo update-alternatives --config x-www-browser
enter password, see something like this

Type the number of your default browser of choice and then enter.
That's it.


How do you install OpenVZ in Ubuntu 12.04 64 bit?

OpenVZ is quite out-dated. Linux Container - LXC is the way to go if you just want to use isolated containers (OS Level virtualization), the container is in between chroot and a VM.

LXC does not require patches to the kernel, LXC is in the mainline, libvirt support... What's more, OpenVZ containers run on LXC, only config modifications required.

For more information
Official docs https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/lxc.html

Lots of images available:
https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/releases/precise/

Reference
http://www.stgraber.org/2012/05/04/lxc-in-ubuntu-12-04-lts/

http://www.janoszen.com/2012/06/04/lxc-linux-containers-on-steroids/


How do I connect SAMBA with a remote Print Server (i.e. Remote CUPS)?

I'm using something like:

Printing

printcap name = cups
   printcap cache time = 300
   printing = cups
   load printers = yes
   cups server = cups01.srv.bevaix.stgraber.net


First nvidia 610m is configured as optimus by most manufacturer. If your system is optimus enabled. Please don't install nvidia drivers from the nvidia site It will cause your system to boot in non-GUI mode (black screen)

For your question's answer. You need to stop X server.

Press Alt+Ctrl+F1
login using your user name and password
enter sudo stop lightdm
Now proceed with the driver installation
On complete you might need to reboot.

Let me know if you are running in optimus system. I will post instructions.Please don't install nvidia drivers from nvidia site if you have an optimus enabled system


If I upgrade Ubuntu am I in danger of messing up XP installed on the same PC?

No, an upgrade will not (and can not) change anything outside its own partition. So go ahead. You have two options: upgrade to 12.04 and then to 14.04; or back up your data and do a fresh install of 14.04. I would prefer the latter.


Laser Printer Scanner Brother DCP-8110DN Ubuntu. What is its URI?

Assuming the printer is attached by ethernet to the router, I suggest you go into the administration pages of the router and determine the printers IP address. If you have the option to reserve the IP address used by the printer, please do so. For example: http://screenshots.portforward.com/routers/Netgear/WNR2000v3/Address_Reservation.jpg

Then I would select option #0 for ipp. I would then use:

ipp://<IP address of printer>:631/binary_p1

The 'binary_p1' part comes from Brother's page you linked. You should then be asked for your printer's name; I suggest any name you and others on the LAN recognize; perhaps Brother8110.

Test by printing a test page.


How to create a UFW rule with helpful memo?

You can use the comment field:

$ sudo ufw allow from any to any port 1234 comment 'my super secret service'
Rule added
Rule added (v6)

then

$ sudo ufw status
Status: active

To                         Action      From
--                         ------      ----
22/tcp                     ALLOW       Anywhere
Samba                      ALLOW       Anywhere
1234                       ALLOW       Anywhere                   # my super secret service
22/tcp (v6)                ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)
Samba (v6)                 ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)
1234 (v6)                  ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)              # my super secret service


Saving changes when booting from USB drive 12.04 desktop

Give this a try, I hope this helps.

Hit Super(Windows Button) type in the following

Put in the USB Drive, Erase the disk, key in the location of the Ubuntu ISO Image

This is something that u should try >> Stored In Reserved Extra Space, Increase it to a few Gigs, depending on how much space u have to spare.

OR

If u want to do this from Windows, make use an application called Universal USB Installer.

Reserve some space to store ur files.


Run in a terminal

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ideapad.conf <<< "blacklist ideapad_laptop"

and reboot.

Explanation:

As you can see the wireless device is "hardware blocked" by rfkill.

0: ideapad_wlan: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: yes

New Ideapad laptops don't have a hardware wireless switch, and the ideapad_laptop kernel module considers a switch to be off.

So we disable the module, and Wi-Fi works.

Kernel developers add new laptop models to a list that need a quirk for the module. But new models appear faster than they are added.

If you are interested, you can send a patch upstream ;-)


Bash no such file or directory every time I open the Ubuntu terminal

Ok, looking at the end of your .bashrc, can you see the problem?
It looks like you tried to do the command echo "source ~/catkin_ws/devel/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc several times, and some of them included errors.
What you need to do is to edit your ~/.bashrc file, for instance using nano:
nano ~/.bashrc

Now, remove all the lines you don't need at the end (after # <<< conda initialize <<<). I assume you also need the file /opt/ros/noetic/setup.bash, so leave the following lines:
source /opt/ros/noetic/setup.bash
source ~/catkin_ws/devel/setup.bash


What does this hard drive authentication after login in LXDE mean?

Polkit is an authorization framework, while your system is up  an authentication agent is running on the background, udisks asks to do a pervilaged action equal to "org.freedesktop.udisks2.ata-smart-update" finaly polkit based on the ruels decide whatever it should allow, ask for password or deny this request.

polkit rules are written in JavaScript.


Ubuntu installation takes an hour. Is there any way to see logs?

This question made me curious so I tested it out by myself and answer is... YES you can.

Go to non-graphical mode by pressing Ctrl+Alt+ F1.
Login with default username ubuntu and password is blank. Now you can access /var/log/ and see what's going on.

Since you want to check your installation process, then tail installer debug log:

tail -f /var/log/installer/debug

Switch back to the graphical interface with: Ctrl+Alt+F7.


That is what it defaults to; explicitly setting it just gives the ability to change it to another drive.  It is useful if your root partition is different ( different partition on the same disk, or another disk ) than your /boot partition.


STANDARD DISCLAIMER: I HAVE NOT TESTED THIS. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. YOUR RESULTS MAY VARY. I AM NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DATA LOSS YOU MAY INCUR. MAKE SURE YOU HAVE BACKUPS OF ANY CRITICAL DATA BEFORE ATTEMPTING THIS PROCEDURE.

Q.1: You will need to leave some free space in your VG if you plan on snapshotting.

Q.2: You can create a new LV to use for /home in the same VG. If you already allocated the entire disk to the root LV, you will need to resize it first to generate unallocated space for your new /home LV (and space for snapshots if you plan on using that capability). You can do this from a live USB flash drive.

Once booted from the live USB medium, you will need to manually
unlock the LUKS container to access the LVs. (See man cryptsetup.)
After you resize the root LV (See man lvreduce.) and create your
new /home LV (See man lvcreate.), format your new /home LV and
then mount the two LVs at a temporary location in your live
filesystem (such as /mnt/root & /mnt/home).
You can then mirror your original /home filesystem to the new
/home LV using rsync (from /mnt/root/home to /mnt/home).
Update the fstab on the root LV to mount the new LV at /home. Remove
the contents of the original /home folder (*sudo rm -rf
/mnt/root/home/**), making sure to leave the empty folder as the mount
point for your new /home LV.
You should then be able to reboot from the live USB into your
installed system which will now have separate root and /home LVs.

Further reading: How can I resize an LVM partition? (i.e: physical volume)


How to delete selected text in nano editor?

You can't select with mouse and delete text using nano editor. For faster delete you can use Ctrl + K to delete(cut) the present line of text.

Note : Ctrl + K will cut the line of text. Using Ctrl + U you can paste it.

EDIT: Additional Info from steeldriver

You can select and cut something other than the current line using Ctrl-^ to mark the start of the text, then advancing the cursor e.g. using Ctrl-F (forward one character) and/or Ctrl-Space (forward one word) and/or arrow keys, and then pressing Ctrl-K


Intel WiFi AX200 - MSI x570 UNCLAIMED driver

I was able to fix this by disabling Fast boot in Windows:
https://help.uaudio.com/hc/en-us/articles/213195423-How-To-Disable-Fast-Startup-in-Windows-10


MaaS/juju allow you to utilize the hardware that you have one by one, while openstack (this is oversimplification) also allows you to build virtual machines (usually kvm guest), which in many cases significantly improve the physical hardware utilization.

In addition, openstack gives you the following:

It provides a self-service portal where end users (not sysadmins) can easily provision resources - virtual machines, networks (private), storage
It allows you to meter usage (and as a result bill or cross-charge the users)
It allows you to take snapshots, spin up new virtual machines from snapshots, etc.
It has a bunch of add on services for application provisioning, such as building hadoop clusters, template-based provisioning, database provisioning.
It can actually manage bare metal, kvm, xen, vmware and docker containers from the same interface.

EDIT: Probably the most differentiating aspect that i missed to mention the first time is the multi-tenancy model. Even if openstack is deployed as a private cloud, you can have separate tenants for different divisions/departments of the entity and users from one tenant will have no access to resources allocated to a different tenant.

This is not an exhaustive answer, just a high-level overview.


How can I get Thunderbird Contacts to sync with Ubuntu One?

11.10
Starting with Ubuntu 11.10, the default email application is Thunderbird. Ubuntu One contacts sync has integration with Thunderbird in Ubuntu 11.10.
The following instructions explain how to setup contacts sync in Ubuntu 11.10 with Thunderbird and use Ubuntu One contacts in Thunderbird.
Setup contacts sync

Open the Ubuntu One Control Panel
Click on the services tab
Click the "Install now" button
Enter your Ubuntu password when prompted
Click the "Install now" button under the "Enable Contacts Sync" section

Copy contacts to Ubuntu One from Thunderbird

Open Thunderbird

Click on the "Address Book" button

Click on the "Personal Address Book"

Select all the contacts you want to copy

While holding the "Ctrl" key, move the contacts from the "Personal Address Book" onto the "Ubuntu One" address book

Auto-complete email address from the Ubuntu One address book

Open Thunderbird

Click the "Edit" menu and select "Preferences"

Click on the "Composition" icon

Click on the "Addressing" tab

Click on the checkbox next to "Directory Server" and select "Ubuntu One" from the pull down menu

Click the "Close" button

Source

Update
I must admit I couldn't get it to work myself but after a bit of digging around I found that CouchDB address book intergration is not compatible with Thunderbird 9.0, unfortunately that's why you get no option to select Ubuntu One as a directory server - it relies on CouchDB!!
See below screenshot


Screen resolution not scaling properly during boot up

Press Alt+F2 and enter the command

gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Now a text file opens. Find the following lines:

# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

Remove the hash # before the last line, because that turns it into an active line. Then change the resolution into the one you want, for example 1366 x 768:
GRUB_GFXMODE=1366x768

Save the modified file and close it. Now copy/paste the following line into the terminal:

sudo update-grub

Press Enter and if prompted, submit your password. Please note that the password will remain invisible, not even asterisks will show, which is normal.

source: Make your Grub boot menu pretty - Easy Linux tips project


DRIconf in Ubuntu 64x plus ATI GPU or something more?

First of all, running 64 bit should not affect it. I run 32bit applications on Wine just fine.

Secondly, I would not suggest using DRIconf with Fglrx, the proprietary AMD/ATI driver, because DRIconf is for Open Source drivers. My suggestion would be to try PlayOnLinux and see if that has an entry for Call Of Duty.

If it does, use that to install the game and it will set it up just right, avoiding any issues with current versions of Wine.

If the issue still persists, your best option is to file a bug on Wine's bug tracker.

To Install PlayOnLinux:

Use the command appropriate for your version of Ubuntu (I've included the command for 12.04). See here for the complete list: http://www.playonlinux.com/en/download.html

wget -q "http://deb.playonlinux.com/public.gpg" -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo wget http://deb.playonlinux.com/playonlinux_precise.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/playonlinux.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install playonlinux


booting into 12.04 results in a purple sceen for just a second.

It sounds a bit like a "nomodeset" problem. But I am not 100% sure ....

I once had this problem that my display during boot was black and came only back for login. Then I set the "nomodeset" option as a boot parameter.

You could try that by setting this option and check if it helps. If not you remove this option again.

More here:

Nomodeset Ubuntu


Is there a way to check logs about user login?

When is it slow?  Before you see the login screen or between entering your password and getting to a usable desktop?

If before, bootchart may help.

If after, you should also have a look in the file .xsession-errors for any errors.

And try disabling programs via System->Preferences->Startup Applications and log out and in each time, until you see which one makes a big difference.

Another option is the audit subsystem.  Before logging in, switch to a virtual console (e.g. press Ctrl+Alt+F1), then log in, and run auditctl to make it record every process starting and finishing.  Then press Ctrl+Alt+F7 to get back to the graphical login screen, log in, then run aureport to print the information out.

You may also be able to put strace -e trace=process > /tmp/startup.log 2>&1 into your startup configuration files somewhere, e.g. edit /etc/gdm/Xsession and change eval exec $command to eval exec strace -e trace=process $command >/tmp/startup.log 2>&1.  Whether Xsession is the right place will depend on when the slowness is happening.


It is always easier to use a specialised tool. TestDisk is effective in doing so and there are live cd version available which you can load into an USB stick to boot.

http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk


Ubuntu One Installer Win 7 Cannot find My Ubuntu One Account

Check out the Windows part of https://one.ubuntu.com/help/faq/why-am-i-getting-an-the-authentication-failed-error-on-windows-225/ - it wants you to open https://one.ubuntu.com/ in Internet Explorer or Google Chrome then restart your computer and try to setup Ubuntu One again. This will download and install the proper certificate as a workaround.

We have a new version that should be released soon which fixes the problem you are seeing. It will use certificates that are bundled with the installer rather than depending on Windows to have this certificate installed.


When does MySQL server start when my system starts up?

For recent Ubuntu versions, in /etc/init/mysql.conf you'll find the Upstart configuration for the MySQL service. Upstart is the init daemon to initialize and boot the system after your kernel and initramfs are finished.

As Upstart is event-driven and based on dependencies, you can't tell exactly in what order and what time a service is started, but you can change the dependencies in the start on directive. I suggest you to read more about Upstart in case you want to do modification in this.


Hyper-V: Improve Ubuntu 16.04 video performance

I also tried out Hyper-V on Windows 10 Pro with Ubuntu Desktop 64-bit 16.04 LTS as guest system. I am not satisfied with the graphics performance. I do not know if i missed out a setting. If anybody finds a good solution i would be happy to know about it too.

But this is what i did. I read and followed the information from the Microsoft documentation on TechNet. There is a table with features of Hyper-V. Most interestingly in this case is the row mentioning "Hyper-V specific video device". But it does not mention anything about Windows 10. Only about Windows Server host systems.

I did not change anything in /etc/initramfs-tools/modules. However, i followed the instructions and installed:

$> sudo apt-get update
$> sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-virtual-lts-xenial
$> sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-tools-virtual-lts-xenial linux-cloud-tools-virtual-lts-xenial

Then reboot. After reboot i found this:

$> lsmod | grep 'hyperv\|hv_'
hv_balloon        24576   0
hyperv_fb         20480   2
hv_storvsc        20480   3
hv_netvsc         36864   0
hv_utils          24576   2
hyperv_keyboard   16384   0
hid_hyperv        16384   0
hid              118784   2 hid_hyperv,hid_generic
hv_vmbus          73728   7 hv_balloon,hyperv_keyboard,hv_netvsc,hid_hyperv,hv_utils,hyperv_fb,hv_storvsc

So it seems to me that something worked out. But the graphics performance still seems to be poor. I am not sure if it improved maybe a little. Maybe you try it out and tell me if it helps?


Bluetooth on Acer Aspire E1-572G under Ubuntu 14.04: no device found

I have the same issue and I fixed it by upgrading the ubuntu linux kernel to version 3.16.1-031601-generic. You can download the kernel from ubuntu kernel
There are three files which you can install after download one by one with the software center:

linux-image-3.16.1-031601-generic_3.16.1-031601.201408140014_amd64.deb
linux-headers-3.16.1-031601-generic_3.16.1-031601.201408140014_amd64.deb
linux-headers-3.16.1-031601_3.16.1-031601.201408140014_all.deb

(notice to use correct arch amd64/i386 but acer e1-572 is a 64bit machine)


Cannot autolaunch D-bus without X11 $DISPLAY

Managed to fix this issue: very simple actually. Here are the commands I ran:

sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx*
sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-radeon
sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-core libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri
sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf.o* /etc/X11/xorg.conf.0* /etc/X11/xorg.conf.f*
sudo rm -rf /etc/ati

Some of these were copied from a cchtml wiki page with a few edits placed in.


You should be able to use the built-in file manager in Ubuntu,
Just click the top icon on the left panel and type in the search box that shows up "files", and it should be the first icon to show up. You can see it here:

Click on it and then on the left panel on that window, you should see your windows phone under "devices."

Also as a side note, you need to have your phone unlocked (as in, on and the password typed in if you have one) to access your storage. If you don't have a password lock on your phone, you don't need to worry about that.


HDMI with Sony Bravia: Unsupported Signal

Guess what, I replace the HDMI cable and it worked. It's quite weird though. PS3 works with the old cable but laptop doesn't. Both of them work with the new cable.


Developer mode, or devmode in short, enables developers and users to install snaps without enforcing security policies. E.g.

sudo snap install notes --devmode

When installed this way, snaps behave in a similar way to traditional .deb packages in terms of accessing system resources. That is, snaps have access to the system without being restricted by app isolation and interfaces.

Developer mode is useful when:

Testing a snap in the first stages of development to ensure it runs as expected
Temporarily bypassing security enforcement if there is not yet an interface available that controls a particular system access required by the snap

As a developer, you can also relax security requirements at the snapcraft.yaml level by declaring devmode confinement instead of strict

confinement: devmode

You'll be then flagging users that this app specifically needs to be installed with --devmode to work. Not specifying the switch will result in failure to install.

That is, users will have to specifically acknowledge that they will install your snap in developer mode.


The answer really depends on what you're doing when you see this CPU usage. If you run the top command while you're seeing CPU usage like that in the screenshot, you should see "offending" process first in the list. Most likely it's something that's able to run in only a single thread, hence why its only using one core.


Screen Resolution Problem with Ubuntu 14.04 and VMware

My configuration is host : windows 7 and vmware guest : ubuntu 14.04.
For long time I've seen if I update the vmplayer or some software in vmplayer that screws my display and then in full screen it can no longer capture host display.So today I just followed the instruction provided in this link and fixed it without installing any additional software.I hope it helps other.

At first run :

$ xrandr -q

tanay@ubuntu:~$ xrandr -q Screen 0: minimum 1 x 1, current 1904 x 1070, maximum 8192 x 8192 Virtual1 connected primary 1904x1070+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm    800x600
60.0 +   60.3      2560x1600      60.0      1920x1440      60.0      1856x1392      60.0      1792x1344      60.0      1920x1200      59.9  1600x1200      60.0      1680x1050      60.0      1400x1050      60.0  1280x1024      60.0      1440x900       59.9      1280x960       60.0  1360x768       60.0      1280x800       59.8      1152x864       75.0  1280x768       59.9      1024x768       60.0      640x480        59.9  1904x1070_75.00   74.9*  Virtual2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) Virtual3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) Virtual4 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) Virtual5 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) Virtual6 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) Virtual7 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) Virtual8 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

Then you can see which output is connected,here Virtual1 is connected.
Then guess a good resolution for your screen.For me I guessed following configuration.

Eg:cvt <horizontal length> <vertical length> <refresh rate>

$ cvt 1900 1070 75

The output is

# 1904x1070 74.87 Hz (CVT) hsync: 83.85 kHz; pclk: 216.00 MHz Modeline "1904x1070_75.00"  216.00  1904 2040 2240 2576  1070 1073    1083 1120
-hsync +vsync

Then you need to copy the text after "Modelline" and paste that in following command like the example below

$ xrandr --newmode "1904x1070_75.00"  216.00  1904 2040 2240 2576  1070 1073 1083 1120 -hsync +vsync

Then take the screen resolution details from the quote and use it in next command.For me the command is

$ xrandr --addmode Virtual1 1904x1070_75.00

The next command to set it in ubuntu for me is

$ xrandr --output Virtual1 --mode 1904x1070_75.00

If the last command doesn't work for you,you can go back to ubuntu display gui setting and can chose the display you have added just now.For me the option was 1904 x 1070 (16:9)

However if you are fine with this experiment and have found the desired screen resolution and to make that permanent,write the all the last 3 commands starting from xrandr --newmode command in your .xprofile file using following command and then save,exit and restart your ubuntu vm and you will get your desired resolution permanently.

$ gedit ~/.xprofile


How to create shortcuts to different Firefox profiles

You can use your menu launcher creator (or right click the desktop and select new launcher, depending on what desktop you are on) to fashion two new firefox launchers. The command you need for each launcher is, for example:

firefox -Profile /home/mike/.mozilla/firefox/55divdmr.Mike2 -no-remote

This will launch firefox with that profile and make sure that it doesn't connect to any other running instance of firefox with the essential -no-remote switch.

If you wanted to do it manually, the desktop shortcut would look something like this; you could create it in a text-editor and name it firefox2.desktop:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=fox2
Comment=my second profile
Exec=firefox -Profile /home/mike/.mozilla/firefox/55divdmr.Mike2 -no-remote
Path=/home/mike
Icon=/my/icon/location
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=false

Something else I recommend is going to your firefox folder ( mine is /home/mike/.mozilla/firefox) and checking that the StartWithLastProfile setting in profiles.ini is false:

[General]
StartWithLastProfile=0

This is because it can get confusing if you are using different profiles and you start firefox as normal without using a special shortcut and it just loads the last profile used.

You can also get prompted each time for which profile to use by making sure 'don't ask at startup' is unchecked, which is in the firefox ProfileManager settings below. This setting is reached with

firefox -ProfileManager -no-remote

as noted in the question you referred to.

For more information on the command switches available for firefox see man firefox or the Ubuntu manpages online. Further support is available at mozilla.org.


Restoring Unicode Character Map facility on Ubuntu Gnome

I've just upgraded Ubuntu from 16 to 18, and had the same issue. After installing gucharmap that functionality was restored. (I find the new character map a cute complement, but not a replacement.)


Unfortunately, the PPA you used does not contain a valid version for *ubuntu 20.04, the last one indicated is 18.10

At the moment, the only way to install the development version, seems to be to compile the source code as described in the GIT repository: https://github.com/dolphin-emu/dolphin#building-for-linux-and-macos.


Did I find a (little) bug (empty space in the Nautilus context menu)?

It's quite possibly a bug. Using Ubuntu 19.04, I see the extra space in one context menu but not in another:

Extra space at the bottom of this context menu

No extra space at the bottom of this context menu

If you want to file a bug, there are things you could do first to make sure the developers' task is made easier.

Verify if the issue exists in another distribution you know uses the latest vanilla GNOME such as Fedora 30. If the issue appears there as well, you'd be better off approaching upstream and not the Ubuntu team here.
See if the problem goes away using the built-in Adwaita theme. In this specific case, I've used Adwaita-Dark and so it doesn't appear to be a theming issue caused by using a "non-standard" theme.
If you see the issue only when not using Adwaita, you should get in touch with the developer of the concerned theme. The reason for doing so is detailed in Please don’t theme our apps.


Is there specific install instructions, or Ubuntu version for install to a flash drive?

As far as I know, you can install any version you like.

You can simply use LiLi Usb Creator for Linux and load up the iso. This will install Ubuntu to your selected flash drive. You can also use persistency to save "changes" on your machine.

Lili: http://www.linuxliveusb.com/
Tutorial for LiLi: http://www.howtogeek.com/65888/create-a-persistent-bootable-and-virtualized-linux-usb-drive-with-lili/

The website has a decent FAQ as well :)

Edit1:
Below is a second program which allows you to the same thing. The URL is a tutorial that does exactly what you want.
http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/14912/create-a-persistent-bootable-ubuntu-usb-flash-drive/


How do I disable bluetooth startup (by default, with every boot) in 17.04?

If I'm not mistaken you can turn it off in the systemsettings and it will stay offline?

If this doesn't work you can disable the service itself.

sudo systemctl disable bluetooth.service && sudo systemctl stop bluetooth.service

If you want to activate it again.

sudo systemctl enable bluetooth.service && sudo systemctl start bluetooth.service

The enable and disable is used so during the next startup it is either started or not.


Missing files in /home directory after boot crash during software update


How do I install and enable pdo_mysql and gd extensions for php5?

PHP5 plugins outside those included in a plain default install (from installing just a php5 plugin for apache, or php5-fpm or similar) will not exist, and because of that, you need to install them.  From your post, I gather that you need the mysql and gd plugins.  Those packages are php5-gd and php5-mysql.  They can be installed with the following command:

sudo apt-get install php5-gd php5-mysql

Once complete, you will need to restart the PHP service.  Depending on how it was installed, you will need to do one of the following items:

If you installed it via LAMP (Linux Apache, MySQL, PHP5), then you'll need to restart the entire apache instance with:  sudo service apache2 restart
If you installed PHP from a separate service, like php5-fpm, then use sudo service php5[tab] restart (where you actually press the "tab" key where it says [tab])  After that, your php5 should have those extensions loaded.


Cannot install Metatrader4 in Ubuntu 15 using wine

Run:

cd ~
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wine/wine-builds
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends winehq-staging
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Winetricks/winetricks/master/src/winetricks
chmod +x winetricks
WINEARCH=win32 winetricks --isolate mt4


KDE System Tray locks UI while redrawing

Bringing this back from the dead.  It seems to have been related to either an issue with NVidia drivers or (more likely) a failing video card.

There's some pointers in the ArchLinux wiki to use nvidia-settings -a InitialPixmapPlacement=2 which alleviated my issues a little bit, but they always seemed to come back.

Hope this helps.


I've installed this same app. Indeed if you run intltool it says it doesn't show up. I think it's not one tool but a set of several. Type intltool in the terminal, but do not hit enter. Instead double hit TAB button. It should show you couple of different commands.Here's what i mean:

Side note: when I looked into the software-center before installing , it said intltool-debian was already installed.But those appear to be different files. It's one of the hidden packages:


How do I remove the clock from the Ubuntu Budgie 18.04 desktop?

The clock is a budgie-desktop applet.  Like other applets you can modify, add and remove applets from Budgie Settings.

Open Budgie Settings from the menu or Raven.  Look at the list of applets in your Panel (Applets tab) and click on "Desktop time & date".  You can the delete the applet.


I believe what your trying to achieve is using the nvidia functionality on your DM DISPLAY MANAGER which is LightDM, I read it on the bublebee wiki an its possible but there a warning about running nvidia on your DISPLAY MANAGER.Just read the bumblebee official site and wiki im pretty sure there the intructions there.


How to recover deleted files from Trash on NAS?

Sorry can't comment so have to "answer"
You say you can log into the NAS and see the files.
If this is via Thunar you should just be able to copy the file folder and paste into the file structure where you want and rename folder or move the contents (drag and drop) from the folder to intended place.
This adds security that files aren't lost while moving them around (essentially copy "trash" and then re-instate to correct position
If login is a web interface you may have tools to do similar to move/copy/rename folder into a better location or even onto your local machine to sort out that may help.
It may be that this is a platform agnostic issue - managed by web-app Synology tools
Is this relevant? https://www.synology.com/en-global/knowledgebase/DSM/tutorial/Backup/How_do_I_restore_files_deleted_from_Synology_NAS
Consider editing your question to reflect what you can see with thunar and/or what you mean by logging into the NAS . Is synology recycle enabled as per link above.
Hope this is a little help!


Desktop graphics performance degradation after reboot (jumpy mousepointer)

I checked top and found tracker (tracker-examiner) running at high load. I can't recall installing tracker deliberately, I stopped/killed the process which made the log messages about VA-API stop and the GUI become responsive again. Video playback is not affected and as it was before.

It turns out tracker was installed along with gnome-boxes a few days ago and I haven't rebooted since then.

I decide to not open a bug report since I am fine with not using tracker on 16.04 and this hardware at the moment. Upcoming Ubuntu releases may solve the problem in one way or another (ongoing Unity to Gnome transition, better hardware support, …). If it's of any help for investigation, I have (encrypted) drives with terabytes of data that I mount manually (source code/blobs/images/music/videos).

Start-Date: 2017-07-09  11:36:27
Commandline: apt install gnome-boxes
Requested-By: livewire (1000)
Install: … gnome-boxes:amd64 (3.18.1-1.1), seabios:amd64 (1.8.2-1ubuntu1, automatic), libaugeas0:amd64 (1.4.0-0ubuntu1, automatic), tracker-extract:amd64 (1.6.2-0ubuntu1.1, automatic) …


mv: cannot move ‘/etc/default/keyboard.tmp’ to ‘/etc/default/keyboard’: Operation not permitted

Hmh

a simple cp should do it, or am I wrong?

cp /etc/default/keyboard.tmp /etc/default/keyboard

then try to do a forced removal

rm -rf /etc/default/keyboard.tmp

If it still doesn't work I suggest, that the file is in use by a service or daemon or application and will be deleted after reboot or at least the Service/daemon/application has been closed.


What can be the reason to have only two installation option-"replace" and "something else"?

you only get the install alongside if there is more than 1 OS.
you only get the use free space if there is free space available on the harddisc.
you get the upgrade option if there is an upgrade possible (and 12.04 had not got one).

Any more options you miss?


My right click options in ubuntu different after xkill?

By killing trash you've killed Nautilus which killed Desktop folder(in some way). Try restarting nautilus.


It works now. I had to edit the file /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel-graphics.conf and add Option "AccelMethod" "sna" and Option "DRI" "2". The keys didn't work because I was using software rendering for the desktop.


According to this document, you did right things except that you have to create the file/etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla
You can do it by copy/paste the following in a termnial

sudo tee -a /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla << END1
[Re-enable hibernate by default in upower]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

[Re-enable hibernate by default in logind]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate;org.freedesktop.login1.handle-hibernate-key;org.freedesktop.login1;org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-multiple-sessions;org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-ignore-inhibit
ResultActive=yes
END1


ATI X 1270 on Packard Bell Dot ma netbook

ATI have stopped updating their drivers for older cards, this is the reason there's no driver available for you in 11.04. If you downgrade to Ubuntu 8.10 or 8.04, you should be able to install the older fglrx drivers and your card should work.

I've tried myself to get the older drivers working on a newer version of Ubuntu, and it was a nightmare - I wouldn't even bother trying.


Reverse UI-scrolling in Unity Ubuntu 16.04 with libinput

Following this guide:

xinput --list

and found my trackpad, bcm5974. Then checked properties of it:

xinput --list-props bcm5974

and saw

    libinput Natural Scrolling Enabled (350):       0
    libinput Natural Scrolling Enabled Default (351):       0

changed them by:

xinput --set-prop bcm5974 "libinput Natural Scrolling Enabled" 1

And problem is fixed.


Where do I get the latest boost/libboost for 10.04?

It says You need to install some more dependencies:

libboost-all-dev depends on libboost-dev; however: Package libboost-dev is not installed.

Try to find and install all listed dependencies using synaptic or apt-get. Sart with libboost-dev. However in 10.04 there is 1.40 version of Boost. Do You need some new features from 1.42 or 1.48? If not then use 1.40 provided by Ubuntu Software Center. If yes:

You can always compile Boost Yourself. On the boost website You can find step by step tutorial. Then You just have to remember to include proper headers.

I compiled Boost on Win and on Linux and it is not really painful :)

EDIT: In many cases You don't even need to compile Boost to use it, because it is include-header-only.


how to completely remove cuda toolkit/driver from ubuntu 12.04

I just ran the installer and at the end it says

To uninstall CUDA, remove the CUDA files in /usr/local/cuda-5.0

So you should be fine simply removing it.


Create an Ubuntu Server bootable USB doesn't work

Cloning the current Ubuntu Server 16.04.1 LTS iso files with dd works for me. But I use mkusb or mkusb-nox to wrap a safety belt around that powerful but dangerous dd tool.

Maybe the original 16.04 version is bad. But 16.04.1 (the first point release) is debugged and polished.
Maybe your download {was/is/will be} bad. Please check the md5sum (or get a new copy via torrent, that checks the md5sum automatically).

d2d939ca0e65816790375f6826e4032f *ubuntu-16.04.1-server-amd64.iso
455206c599c25d6a576ba23ca906741a *ubuntu-16.04.1-server-i386.iso

-o-

If you want an installed system in your USB stick, I suggest that you try according to the following link,

Installation/UEFI-and-BIOS


Letting modifier keys act as toggles under X

This is implemented on the DE level AFAIK. KDE has the option to Lock Sticky Keys:

  With Lock Sticky Keys enabled:

  If you press the Shift key twice then press the F key, the computer
  interprets this as Shift+F. Now if you
  type a P, the computer interprets this
  as the letter P (Shift+P). To
  de-select the Shift key, press it
  again.

http://docs.kde.org/stable/en/kdebase-workspace/kcontrol/kcmaccess/index.html


Can I use virtualbox with a 64 Bit image in a 32 bit host

Virtualbox supports running a 64-bit guest VM on a 32-bit physical host, but there are some requirements and other caveats:

From the manual:

VirtualBox supports 64-bit guest operating systems, even on 32-bit host operating systems, provided that the following conditions are met:

You need a 64-bit processor with hardware virtualization support (see the section called “Hardware vs. software virtualization”).
You must enable hardware virtualization for the particular VM for which you want 64-bit support; software virtualization is not supported for 64-bit VMs.
If you want to use 64-bit guest support on a 32-bit host operating system, you must also select a 64-bit operating system for the particular VM. Since supporting 64 bits on 32-bit hosts incurs additional overhead, VirtualBox only enables this support upon explicit request.

  Warning:
  On any host, you should enable the I/O APIC for virtual machines that you intend to use in 64-bit mode. This is especially true for 64-bit Windows VMs. See the section called “"Advanced" tab”. In addition, for 64-bit Windows guests, you should make sure that the VM uses the Intel networking device, since there is no 64-bit driver support for the AMD PCNet card; see the section called “Virtual networking hardware”.


Yes it is slower. A performance test shows it can be slowe like 1/8th of windows. This is because of the use of virtualgl to generate the images.

The only to get full performance is to connect external monitor via hdmi port and run the required application there. This also depends on the wiring of hardware. If your HDMI port is directly connected to nvidia chip, you can do it.

This answer was given by the author  of bumblebee (Lekensteyn) in this site. Unfortunately I forgot the link.

Related Links:

Is a NVIDIA GeForce with Optimus Technology supported by Ubuntu?

Bumblebee FAQ


Auto-mount CD/DVD drive to single, specific mount point every time?

If you have one cdrom drive, add this line to your /etc/fstab:

/dev/scd0  /media/cdrom0  udf,iso9660  user,noauto,exec,utf8  0  0

Make sure you edit it as root. Ie: gksudo gedit /etc/fstab or sudo nano /etc/fstab.

The Ubuntu documentation has a really good article on this.


How to recover from the Dash Home appearing behind other running programs?

You should be able to recover from this by restarting Unity.  You can do this by hitting Alt+F2 and then typing the following:

unity --replace

This should cause the panel and window decorations to temporarily disappear and then reappear.  You will now have a new instance of Unity managing your windows.


It seems that you are looking for strace -  comes from strace package.

for example you can track down file related syscalls  by running:
strace -e file ls

alternatively one can use LD_DEBUG environment variable.
It is not well known, but still quite interesting way of debugging, especially useful if you can't install strace or other debugging tools.

LD_DEBUG=help cat will give you the options.


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Disk Partition Recomendations

Ubuntu 18.04 defaults to using a swap file instead of the previous method of having a dedicated swap partition.  This makes it easier to partition new installations of 18.04 than it was before.

Assuming you are going to do a fresh installation of 18.04, and also assuming you aren't trying to dual-boot with this same drive, here's what you should do:

Boot to a Ubuntu 18.04 installer (probably using a usb drive)
Delete the three existing partitions from your hard drive: /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, and /dev/sda3.
Create one new partition, /dev/sda1, that uses all the available space.  Make the new partition primary (not extended), format it as ext4, and have it mount the root of the system (/).
Install ubuntu, selecting to put the bootloader on /dev/sda


Error getting authority: Error initializing authority: Could not connect: No such file or directory (g-io-error-quark, 1)

The reason for this error was an entry in /etc/fstab that pointed to partition UUID that was no longer existing (after I reformatted one of the hard drives).
The solution was to remove the fstab entry.
NOTHING AT ALL in the error message indicates what might be the cause of the error, neither does calling journalctl as systemd suggests.
Browsing the internet revealed that the exact same error can be produced in several different situations. Take a look at 'starting version 219' bug after the 15.04 update for other causes. Googling for the phrase returns few other possible causes.
Hope it helps anyone who stumbles upon this cryptic error.


Live USB with persistence vs full install on USB?

Full Install vs Persistent install
Ubuntu can be installed to a USB in different ways. A Live install does not save between sessions. A Persistent install extracts the OS from a compressed file and saves data to an overlay file or partition each session, and a Full install installs the complete OS to the USB just like an install to internal disk.
Comparison between Persistent and Full install USB
Advantages of a persistent install:

You can use the persistent pendrive to install Ubuntu to another computer.

A persistent install takes up less space on the pendrive.

You can reset the pendrive by overwriting the old casper-rw file with a new one.

The install to pendrive takes less time.

Slightly less wear on the drive, however this depends on file systems, ext2 vs ext4, existence of a swapfile or partition, proper use and drive type. Many modern multi layer flash drives trade reliability for volume ie 500 writes vs 10000 to 1000000 writes. I have a couple 14 year old flash drives that I use on a daily basis, and one drive, with worn out contact points, that is still good internally. See: Lifespan a flash drive running Ubuntu?

Advantages of a Full install:

You can update and upgrade.

If you have problems or wish to modify, the solution is the same as with an internal install, (You can ask for help in the forums).

No ugly startup / install screen.

Better security, you can use full encryption

You can use proprietary drivers, many drivers need to start before the Persistent overlay opens therefore they do not work with a persistent install.

Swapfiles and partitions work and Hibernation can be enabled.

Many persistent installs are limited to a 4GB casper-rw and a 4GB home-rw persistence file, to get more persistence requires persistence partitions. Once casper-rw is full, the drive will not boot.

More efficient usage of disk space. Does not require reserved space for persistence.

Faster boot, no automatic disk checking or Try Ubuntu/Install Ubuntu screen.

You can run VBox and use virtual machines.

Generally faster boot than Live or Persistent USB's.

More stable, better for day to day use. I have run Ubuntu off a flash drive for 5 years making only LTS upgrades.

Note that once booted, both methods run at about the same speed. If the computer has lots of RAM Ubuntu should run mainly in RAM and there will not be a big difference between running off internal HDD and USB3 flash drive f.
Full Install Method
A quick and easy method to flash a Full install to USB can be found here: Easy Full Install USB that Boots both BIOS and UEFI
A more traditional methods for creating a Full install USB from scratch can be found here: How to Create a Full Install of Ubuntu 20.04 to USB Device Step by Step


Two swapfiles, hibernate working, how to correctly configure hibernate to not run out of space, or fail somehow

In short, no you have to use a single file or partition for hibernation.

TL;DR

There is nothing in the basic kernel documentation for Sleep States or Power Interface which says that the swap has to be in a single file.  Indeed, there is some indication that the hibernation data is written to available swap space on the computer:

However, further exploration leads us to the documents for swsusp which has a short FAQ section, and the quote

  Q: Does swsusp (to disk) use only one swap partition or can it use
  multiple swap partitions (aggregate them into one logical space)?

  A: Only one swap partition, sorry.

Although this only speaks directly to partitions I would certainly interpret this as applying to swap spaces on your machine.

Your potential problem of "What if there is not enough space on my swap file".  Here we run into some vagueness. The documentation assures us that the system will attempt by default to create an image about 2/5th the size of memory:

  /sys/power/image_size controls the size of hibernation images.

  It can be written a string representing a non-negative integer that
  will be used as a best-effort upper limit of the image size, in bytes.
  The hibernation core will do its best to ensure that the image size
  will not exceed that number. However, if that turns out to be
  impossible to achieve, a hibernation image will still be created and
  its size will be as small as possible.  In particular, writing '0' to
  this file will enforce hibernation images to be as small as possible.

However the documents to not indicate what might happen if the image exceeds swap size.  My own experience when I have accidenatly had swap turned off and tried to hibernate, is that nothing happens.

LATER EDIT

Does this say something about me, Ubuntu users or Linux users?

I was curious about what happens if the swapfile is too small, so I created a 44KB swapfile (that worked!) and tried to hibernate:

chick@dad:~$ swapon
NAME   TYPE SIZE USED PRIO
/swap2 file  44K   0B   -2
chick@dad:~$ sudo systemctl hibernate
Failed to hibernate system via logind: Not enough swap space for hibernation

I further tested by using two swapfiles, the smaller one being higher priority:

chick@dad:~$ sudo swapon /swap2 -p 1
chick@dad:~$ sudo swapon /swapfile -p 2
chick@dad:~$ swapon
NAME      TYPE SIZE USED PRIO
/swap2    file  44K   0B    1
/swapfile file  16G   0B    2
chick@dad:~$ sudo systemctl hibernate
Failed to hibernate system via logind: Not enough swap space for hibernation


You didn't give the command you used to that got this response. BUT, if you used something like
sudo apt-get install samba
Possible reasons are:
Port 3128 is blocked by your firewall or router.

/etc/hosts has an entry for ubuntu.com that is wrong

/etc/apt/sources.list is the package resource list used to locate archives of the package distribution system in use on the system.
If you have messed around with sources of software, you may have changed this file to NOT USE canonical.com  ( see this page for configuration help Software Update Configuration
)


Frequent Disconnection from wirless router (Huawei LTE CPE E5173S-920)

...could be a variety of issues:

check, it there is anyone else (WLAN-Router) on the same WLAN-Channel in your neighbourhood. It may block or interfere your own router's signal. Switch it to a channel less or not used by anyone. (another possibility: If your router AND computer supports switch to 5-GHz-Band)-------
[edit] I just forgot: Some DECT-Phones for home use do interfere with a WLAN-Antenna - place it (if you do have one) somewhere else, at least 30cm/1foot away from the router
check, if there is the correct encryption switched in your routers' WLAN-Key (switching it from AES to TKIP, waiting a Minute and switching it back helped some time)
If these  do not help check, if there is an update available for your computers' WLAN-Unit. (I had a tablet which frequently lost connection and an update wiped it away)
Same as 3. but with the router: check for firmware-update.

If this all does not help, perhaps the router is gone: Try with another Unit (Smartphone etc.) if there you are encountering the same issues.


How can I remove or disable "Unlock from launcher" in the Quicklist of a Launcher-Icon?

It seems there exists no way to remove or disable “Unlock from launcher” in the Quicklist of a Launcher-Icon.

But I found a workaround that saves the current order of the icons in the Launcher and - in the case that an icon was mistakenly removed from the Launcher - restores the order after every start, reboot or login.

Step 1: Save the current order of the icons in the Launcher: Start Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and enter the command gsettings get com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites > starter.icons (this will save the order in the file starter.icons in your home-directory).

Step 2: Create a script in your home-directory by means of the command gedit ~/starter.icons_restore.sh and type the following text:

#!/bin/bash
gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites "$(cat starter.icons)"

Save the file and close Gedit.

Step 3: Make the file executable by means of the command chmod +x ~/starter.icons_restore.sh

Step 4: Make a new entry in the Startup Applications: Klick on the wheel in the top-right corner and chose Startup Applications... > Press Add > Name: Restore Launcher-Icons > Command: /home/<YourUsername>/starter.icons_restore.sh

From now on after every start, reboot or login, the order of the icons in the launcher will be restored according the information in the file ~/starter.icons.

P.S: Instead of Step 4 you can also create a Desktop-Starter with the command /home/<YourUsername>/starter.icons_restore.sh

PP.S: Good news: In the case you have manually edited the quicklist of a Launcher-Icon, the amendments will be preserved even if the icon is (mistakenly) removed. That means, after restoring, the quicklist still contains all amendments.


Keyboard layout switch issue in Ubuntu 18.04

Besides running sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration you probably need to remove it from the desktop settings too. Try this command:

gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options

After that the removal of the extra shortcut should survive a reboot.


How can I change lower to upper using (three) parameters?

Have a look at this:

#!/bin/bash

if [[ "$1" == "lower" && "$2" == "upper" ]] ; then
    EXPRESSION="y/a-z/A-Z/"
elif [[ "$1" == "upper" && "$2" == "lower" ]] ; then
    EXPRESSION="y/A-Z/a-z/"
else
    echo "Usage:     $0 lower upper [file]     OR     $0 upper lower [file]"
    exit 1
fi

if [[ -z "$3" ]] ; then
    shopt -s dotglob
    rename "$EXPRESSION" ./*
else
    rename "$EXPRESSION" "$3"
fi

You should normally use [[ ... ]] double brackets for conditional expressions in Bash. Inside them you can use e.g. == to compare for string equality (with both sides quoted), or && to combine two conditions with a logical AND.

Then, I decided to use the rename command instead of your construction with echo, tr and mv. It takes a "Perl expression" as first argument and any number of file names (like e.g. a shell glob result) after that and will rename all matching files accordingly.

The Perl expression that changes all lowercase letters in a name to uppercase letters is e.g. y/a-z/A-Z/. y is the command and means to translate all characters. a-z is a notation that matches all lowercase latin characters, A-Z for uppercase. Depending on the script arguments, we store either the expression for converting to upper- or to lowercase in the shell variable $EXPRESSION.

Then we check if a third script argument was given (-z is a Bash conditional check that is true if a string is empty). If not, we call the rename command with our stored expression and a ./* as shell glob to match all files in the current directory. The dotglob shell option we enabled before that makes sure this also matches hidden files with names that start with a dot, otherwise those would be omitted. However, if a third script argument was given, we pass that one on as argument.


Problem in installing Ubuntu 15.10 in windows 10

Operating systems won't boot if you install them to logical partitions. Data partitions can be logical, but OSes need to be on primary if you want them to boot.

Reinstall Ubuntu and format the partition as primary this time. Once the installation finishes, you should have no trouble booting.


Wlan Empfang schlecht// Wlan reception very bad

Try to set up your router to an other frequency. The settings of fritz!box are available with your browser under the address fritz.box. This is because a neighbour could use the same frequency as you use. But I think that's not really a good answer.
/
Es könnte sein, dass ein Nachbar die gleiche Frequenz wie du Nutzt. Ändere diese doch mal.
Aber diese Antwort ist sehr unwahrscheinlich richtig.


How to suspend from the command line in gnome 3.14

Thanks for the pointer @muru.

The correct command is:

dbus-send --system --print-reply \
  --dest="org.freedesktop.login1" \
  /org/freedesktop/login1 \
  org.freedesktop.login1.Manager.Suspend boolean:true


apt update google cloud EXPKEYSIG Err:3 public key is not available

This fixed the problem for me:
curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key --keyring /usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg add -

This is the officially documented way to add the current key, as found e.g. on https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/install#deb.


While using Intel GPU, Ubuntu 16.04 freezes on shutdown

Ubuntu 16.04 had a lot of problem with external GPU (nVidia or ATI) and with Intel Power States of 6th generation Intel processors. I have your same problem and installing kernel Linux 4.6 (instead of 4.4) I have solved my problem.

Enter these commands on your terminal (for 64bit PCs):

cd /tmp/

wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.6-yakkety/linux-headers-4.6.0-040600_4.6.0-040600.201606100558_all.deb

wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.6-yakkety/linux-headers-4.6.0-040600-generic_4.6.0-040600.201606100558_amd64.deb

wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.6-yakkety/linux-image-4.6.0-040600-generic_4.6.0-040600.201606100558_amd64.deb

sudo dpkg -i *.deb


User account in sysadm group even though it isn't

Does your entry in /etc/passwd put you in group 800 at login? getent passwd $USER | cut -d: -f4 will show you your login group. How did you (or whoever) create the testuser account?

To change your group, you will have to change /etc/passwd (man vipw), AND change the group on all the files and directories with sudo chgrp -R $NewGroup $HOME, then log out and in again.

"User" (as opposed to "System") groups usually start at 1000, but you can check in /etc/login.defs (UID_MIN).

Again, how did you (or whoever) create the testuser account?


screen flickers after waking from blank screen

I recommend downloading the official ATI drivers and give it a try with them:

Download the newest ATI driver (current version is 12.1)

wget http://www2.ati.com/drivers/linux/amd-driver-installer-12-1-x86.x86_64.run

Once downloaded go to the file location and set it to run as executable

cd /path_of_the_file
chmod 755 amd-driver-installer-12-1-x86.x86_64.run

Use these steps to install

sh ./amd-driver-installer-12-1-x86.x86_64.run --buildpkg Ubuntu/oneiric
sudo dpkg -i fglrx*.deb

Once the driver is installed you need to start up a new xorg.conf file with this command

sudo aticonfig --initial -f

Reboot

sudo reboot


How to remove Ubuntu from my windows 7 64 bit

Do you want to keep the version you have now?  The easiest and safest way to accomplish what you have said would be to remove the current version, which you can do via the Windows uninstall.  If you need data on the current version, you could copy the needed data to the Windows partition or an external drive.  Copying your home directory is usually enough, although if you have installed a lot of programs that have configurations, some of this might be stored in the /etc directory.

Installing the new version will normally keep the existing Windows, assuming you don't tell it to do something differently.  The default is to keep any existing operating systems, but this can be defeated.  The only thing it will do that is somewhat destructive is to add a boot manager that will replace the normal Windows MBR code.  Once this is done, you don't want to simply delete the Ubuntu partition without first repairing this, which is not hard.

You can read more on the Ubuntu Help site


What you have described seeing now is the default behavior in Bash and most, if not all, other shells. I rely on this behavior daily, with Bash and other shells, on multiple machines running Ubuntu and other OSes. I have never had to make any configuration changes to achieve it. I can assure you that the default behavior of Bash is not to omit recording commands in the history just because they failed.

So I sympathize if you don't find this answer very helpful. But I'll try to describe and explain the general situation, as well as why that behavior is the default and why you probably don't really want--and likely did not previously have--the exact behavior you seem to be asking for.

In a comment, you clarified:

  When using terminal usualy only commands that successfully ran was saved to the bash history, now any junk input is stored

It's hard to know precisely what the previous behavior was that you had set up, but if you somehow managed to configure Bash to do that, then you would probably have been very unhappy with that. This would not achieve what you are probably thinking that it would achieve. So unless you were quite dissatisfied with the way Bash used to work, it most likely was not doing quite what you have described.

First of all, many commands run in the intended way but return with an exit code representing failure under some situations. Every exit code except 0 is considered to indicate failure. For example:

The find command returns an exit code of 1 when the tests you give it do not find any files. find mainly does this so that it is easy to use in scripts, but it does it even when you run it interactively. If commands that failed were suppressed, then you would mysteriously lose commands that, from your perspective (and that of any other user in your position), had actually succeeded.
The ls command returns an exit code of 2 if any of the filenames you pass it do not exist, even if you passed one or more other filenames that did exist and whose information it successfully showed you.

Similarly, a command may succeed, i.e., terminate normally and return an exit code of 0, but still not actually do what you had meant for it to do.

Second of all, when a command fails, that does not usually mean you want it to be harder for you to know about what happened. When things go wrong, most people want to be able to easily find out what was done that failed. In particular, Rene Saarsoo has pointed out (as cited by Ravexina) that it is common to make a mistake in entering a command, then press the up arrow so you can edit and retry the command. If commands that failed could not be accessed in your shell's history, you would not be able to do that.

There are some alternatives presented in other answers to that question, which might interest you, though most users will probably not want Bash to do anything like what is described in any of them. For example, wrong commands far back in your history are potentially confusing, but also potentially illuminating, so I doubt most people would want that setup.

From the examples in your question, it appears that you specifically are concerned about how the most recent command you ran is always stored in your history. But as pomsky has said, that is the default behavior. By default, the only situation where a command is not stored in the history at all is if it begins with one or more spaces (which is a way of preventing individual commands from being recorded, provided that you know when you write them initially that you do not want them to appear).

I suppose it is possible that you were previously affected by a strange bug that happened to produce the specific behavior you actually wanted. If you can describe the behavior you want in more detail, then someone might be able to provide instructions on how to achieve it. For example, perhaps you only want commands omitted from the history if the command name--that is, the first word of the command--is not found. (In Bash, this produces an exit status of 127; programs can also return that as their exit code, but fortunately most don't.)

But the answer to your question, as you have asked it, is that the current behavior you are observing is the default behavior, and is considered correct.


I didn't have enough time to find more clues, so I did server's backup and restored it. Thanks for all the help.


Removing nvidia drivers without killing kubuntu-desktop (Kubuntu 12.04)

Following this link helped:

http://chrislaidler.blogspot.com/2012/05/cuda-429-and-kubuntu-1204.html


The exact dialog Indicator Session uses
is this: /usr/lib/indicator-session/gtk-logout-helper

So you can simply add a custom launcher to your panel like so:


How to change passphrase by pasting a new long character string into the gpg-agent

The best solution I found was to copy my pgp passphrase to the clipboard before executing in Terminal the following:
gpg2 --force-mdc --symmetric --sign 'filename'

Then when the gpg-agent dialogue appears, use an arbitrary dummy passphrase such as 'b2c3d4e5'

Then when the gpg-agent asks for your secret passphrase to sign the file, you can paste the passphrase you copied to the clipboard.

Now you have the file encrypted and signed with the dummy passphrase.

Next you can copy from a plaintext file to the clipboard the passphrase that you want to use to encrypt the original 'filename'

Then repeat the command:
gpg2 --force-mdc --symmetric --sign 'filename'

This will again call up the gpg-agent dialogue and you can paste the longer secure passphrase (twice).

gpg will not require your secret key for signing the file on the second pass since the initial entry suffices for some time during the session.

Terminal will return the message:
'filename'.gpg' exists. Overwrite? (y/N)

To which you simply reply 'y'
and the existing 'filename'.gpg will be overwritten with the new passphrase protected and signed version of the encrypted file.


I had the same problem. Making Clementine not use the proxy made things work. I did that this way (Korn or Bourne Shell):

/bin/env HTTP_PROXY= HTTPS_PROXY= http_proxy= https_proxy= clementine

You can use a variant of this as part of a launcher to make it work properly.


The trick to solve the problem was to simply boot into my earlier kernel, then use the terminal to Reinstall the Latest Kernel. Now everything is running smoothely again


LAN server - can you run a mySql database as well as a file server?

I am sorry if I misunderstand your question. You want to setup a server and are unsure about how to structure directories and how to deploy RAID?

Please allow me go just answer is a collection of unsorted items hoping some would be useful.

If your system has Hardware RAID. use that. When you have 2 disk the only sensible option is RAID1. When you use software RAID you should cover your whole installation, not part of it.
I would recommend to install LVM. I did not to that on my first server. It allows you to change your disk setup at any time after installation. Even while the system is running. Good thing to have
I do install on all my servers a desktop, i.e. Xubnutu-minimal. That way I could remote login with 'ssh -X servername' and use GUI editors and file managers. For some tasks thats a lot more convenient. I would have installed the desktop version, but the desktops install CD is missing all the relevant server software
If your install LAMP, you get apache and SQL installed with one click. Each service is setup fully running. All services have their default installation directories where they expect you to put their data. Unless you have a good reason to change that, your are better of to keep it there and change it later when you have that good reason.
A server installation itself is quite small (a few gigs), it all depends on your data how large your disks must be. Once you got acquainted to server management you will find that you can easily spread your server installation across multiple disks later one. For example if your fileserver grows you can move a subdirectory or the full directory to another disk. So I would recommend to keep it all on a single disk
MySQL puts all its data into a database file and communicates with their uses either via SQL queries or, more typical via a website which is using PHP or Perl scripts that query the MySQL database.
There are 2 ways to backup a server. Make an image of the full disk. Or save single files. LVM allows you to make a data snapshot and save that while the system is running. Saving files would require you to shut down the services or you might get an inconsistent backup. The MySQL requires you to go into the Maintenace tool (a website) and save the database to a file. That can be backed up.
There are may tools that can be used for backup. Its highly recommended to install a tool that runs a regulary (i.e. daily) backup of the server.

If you are very new to Linux servers I can recommend the "Ubuntu Server Book". It is very readable and gives a very good overview of the server, tools to use and issues you might encounter. It would have saved me quite a few hours googling when I would have bought it earlier.

Cheers
CatMan


I have it working on xubuntu 20.04, with default setting:  external midi (timidity).
It is played via   pulseaudio, as seen in "pulseaudio volume control"  .
Check timidity  running :
timidity any_midi_file.mid
Possible problem would be pulseaudio unavailable for some reason.


Ctrl + Alt +  doesn't work on non-US (f.x. German, Danish) keyboard layout

You can try xbindkeys

sudo apt-get install xbindkeys

Create the default config file for xbindkeys

xbindkeys --defaults > /home/your-user-name/.xbindkeysrc

Install xbindkeys-config, the GUI for xbindkeys

sudo apt-get install xbindkeys-config
sudo apt-get install xvkbd

Start xbindkeys with Ctrl+F2

xbindkeys

For GUI editor:

xbindkeys-config

Edit the file ~/.xbindkeysrc

Comment commands there that you don't want.

At the end of the file, put the mapping that you want:

Example: Launch Firefox with Ctrl+F

Firefox:
   Ctrl+F

The first line is the command line operation to send when your desired key combination occurs.

The second line is the keystroke to invoke the operation

To find the syntax for the AltGr key being pressed, you can run the xbindkeys-config utility and click the Get Key button.

Then

""xvkbd -xsendevent -text '[AltGr]'""
Ctrl+Alt

Final note: you can set xbindkeys to launch on startup — in Ubuntu, just go to System -> Preferences -> Startup Applications and add a new command xbindkeys.

Also check this article from our website

Source of article


Removed python from my install, how do I get it back?

I am not 100% sure if I understood you correctly.

I'm guessing your Ubuntu-Installation is broken because the uninstalling of the python package also removed a lot else.

I would try to (re)install the ubuntu-desktop¹ meta package.

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop


Ubuntu 12.04 LTS only runs with AMD Radeon HD6490 and not Intel HD 3000

I had a similar problem on my Lenovo y580 with HD Intel 4000.  I simply removed the nvidia drivers and the computer booted into unity just fine.  Perhaps try that (you could always reinstall them if it doesn't work.)


Trying to upgrade to 14.04 from 13.10, and I keep getting the same error message

Remove the natty-backports line (and any other natty line) from your sources.list. ("Natty" refers to Ubuntu 11.04, which is no longer supported and has been removed from the archive mirrors, hence the 404.)


I can give you two. First one is Pulseaudio sometimes is not your friend. On some rare systems it configures the wrong mixer. Open a terminal and run the command: alsamixer -c0

This will show your mixers. Ensure they are at proper levels.

Also you can install the alsa backports package. This may improve support for your card. install by running this command:
sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-alsa-lucid-generic

Do not do the second if the first solution with alsamixer works. I hope I can be of help.


I'm also seeing this delay with gvim and rox-filer on 12.04. I added scim recently so that I could use chinese input. I have a little keyboard icon in my tray whose about box tells me is IBus 1.4.1. Selecting 'quit' off that same menu (so that the keyboard icon disappears) gives me instant gvim startup again. Starting ibus-daemon again (by "ibus-daemon -d"), I get the 26 second behaviour back.


Installing Citrix Receiver on Ubuntu 20.04 - missing libwebkitgtk-1.0.0

I am on ubuntu 20.04 and the client installed deb worked fine
https://www.citrix.com/downloads/workspace-app/linux/workspace-app-for-linux-latest.html
debian -> full packages -> Citrix Workspace app for Linux (x86_64)
sudo dpkg -i icaclient_20.9.0.15_amd64.deb
Selecting previously unselected package icaclient.
(Reading database ... 382197 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack icaclient_20.9.0.15_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking icaclient (20.9.0.15) ...
Setting up icaclient (20.9.0.15) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.24-1ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.2) ...

once installed to launch search for citrix in the ubuntu dash ( tap WIN key and enter citrix then choose Citrix Workspace) ... it launched OK
I did not need to install any dependancies however this blog shows some other steps I did not need to do  https://tech.xenit.se/how-to-install-citrix-workspace-on-ubuntu/


Should I download the new Hardware support Available for Ubuntu 12.04?

You could do a distribution upgrade in the first instance prior to doing any hardware support updates.

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Or

sudo do-release-upgrade

After you have updated the distribution you can then see if the hardware support updates are still available and then opt if you would like to install them or not (self preference?)

If you are not comfortable using command line you could always follow this guide to
upgrade


How do I allow anyone to view my files on my network?

The sudoers file is not used by samba to control user access. This will depend on your Samba configuration, but most samba configurations have the line
security = user which requires every user to have an account on your Ubuntu server. So you will have to add the user jinglez to the system (you can use the sudo adduser command to create this).

Once you've added the user to the system, you'll also have to add them to Samba's user list with the smbpasswd tool. Finally, to ensure they have permission to read/write the shares, be sure to add them to the same group as your original user and set the directory's group ownership to that. For more instructions you can refer to this answer: Samba and User Acount Passwords.

Remember to restart your samba service with sudo service samba restart to apply.

If you don't want to create a new user account for your brother there are other options (you can set security on the "share" level, or even do advanced stuff like changing the PAM module Samba uses for authentication) but this is the simplest way.


dual screen configuration fail after login

Perhaps the solution would be to put the same changes into a script, set it as executable and let it run as a startup program.


Source: http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-836480.html

On the Ubuntu Forums thread I have linked, there is a post that says to edit /etc/default/rcS and find a line that says utc=yes and change that to utc=no.

From then on, this issue shouldn't happen again.


How to cancel installation of Matlab while applying changes?

Close Software Center.

Open a Terminal window do one of the following:

If you had installed "MATLAB" from the Software Center, type:

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge matlab-support

If you had installed "FreeMat" from the Software Center, the command is similar:

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge freemat


Is there any way to remove the 'link to' text on new shortcuts?

There is no option to prevent "Link to" to be appended to a link (shortcut) created with the right-click menu option "Create Link" (an option that needs to be enabled in "Preferences"). Yet, it probably would be a bad thing if there was. The "Create Link" option creates a symbolic link in the same folder. That symbolic link therefore cannot have the same name as the target.
When you create a symbolic link in a different folder, Files will not prepend the "Link to" prefix. In only does when you create a symbolic link in the same folder.


How does service works after terminated ssh?

The export commands set environment variables in the currently running shell or ssh session.

If you want these settings everytime then add your commands to your bash startup file.  This is .bashrc in your home directory.

Something to be aware of is that if you ssh in and start a process it will be terminated when you logout , to keep it running you can run it via screen or nohup , this will detatch it from the the ssh session so it is not killed when the session ends. Ideally you should start this service via systemctl or init scripts then the system will ensure its running and handle the logs nicely.


I just found a Solution. It was a Kernel Bug listed here

Whatever caused this Bug was fixed as of Kernel Version 3.12.
I just installed the V3.13 Kernel from the Ubuntu Kernel PPA

The cardreader works fine now :-)


install Ubuntu Openstack Autopilot on Ubuntu 16.04 using conjure-up command

maas-server field needs to be the MAAS server URL i.e. http://IPAddress/MAAS/ and simply NOT the the IP/Hostname.

Also, if credentials are entered incorrectly ever, then ~/.local/share/juju/*.yaml should be deleted/moved.


ls command not working under ubuntu 16.04

examine your current definition of ls

type ls

it will typically respond with

ls is aliased to `ls --color=auto'

if not then take a look inside your ~/.bashrc and look for this section which is there by default ... if its not there put it back into ~/.bashrc

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

its where the alias is defined by default  ... is your shell bash ?

echo $SHELL

if it shows you

/bin/bash

then above will fix the issue ... once done open a new terminal or source your settings

source ~/.bashrc

ls will now be OK

If its not OK then just remove your ls alias in your ~/.bashrc (hint your ls is coming from busybox which is not adhering to standard ls)

~/.bashrccontains personalizations which augment system wide default of

/etc/bash.bashrc


How to install Python 3.4 on Ubuntu when Python 3.5 is already installed

You don't need to install Python 3.4 because there's a version of pygame ready for 3.5. Open a terminal (press Ctrl+Alt+T), and run:

sudo apt install python3-pip
pip3 install pygame

The last command gives the output:

Collecting pygame
  Downloading pygame-1.9.2rc1-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (10.0MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 10.0MB 54kB/s
Installing collected packages: pygame
Successfully installed pygame

Note the cp35, which means it's for Python 3.5. This can be verified:

$ python3
Python 3.5.2+ (default, Sep 22 2016, 12:18:14)
[GCC 6.2.0 20160927] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pygame
>>>

Note the lack of an error when importing it.

Credit to another answer dealing with the same problem on Windows.


File extension for Audio file with ID3 version 2.4.0, contains:MPEG ADTS, layer III, v1, 192 kbps, 44.1 kHz, Monaural

contains:MPEG ADTS, layer III yes its probably MP3.
Double check with ffmpeg :
ffmpeg -i /the/audio/file

Wich gives much more accurate information about media files


This is a known bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/notify-osd/+bug/390508

(It is considered a 'design decision' by the maintainer.)


How to start non-systemd service on Ubuntu 16.04

TL;DR:

Change START_DAEMON="yes" in the file /etc/default/fwknop-server.

Explanation

  The package does not provide systemd unit file […]

Debian and Ubuntu do not.  The software's authors, however, do:

fwknopd.service

This can be improved:

[Unit]
Documentation=http://askubuntu.com/a/832231/43344
Description=Firewall Knock Operator Daemon
After=network-online.target

[Service]
RuntimeDirectory=fwknop
RuntimeDirectoryMode=0700
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/fwknopd --foreground
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Lennart Poettering wrote in 2011:Many of the configuration settings in /etc/sysconfig allow disabling services. By this they basically become a second level of enabling/disabling over what the init system already offers: when a service is enabled with systemctl enable or chkconfig on these settings override this, and turn the daemon of[f] even though the init system was configured to start it. This of course is very confusing to the user/administrator, and brings virtually no benefit.

And that is precsisely what the van Smoorenbug rc script in your package is doing:

START_DAEMON="no"
DAEMON_ARGS=""
[ -r /etc/default/fwknop-server ] && . /etc/default/fwknop-server

# Exit if the dameon must not be started
[ "$START_DAEMON" = "yes" ] || exit 0


How can Wolfenstein Enemy Teritory with dependency on libgtk1.2 be installed on Ubuntu?

Either download and compile libgtk-1.2 or update and recompile the game (don't think this is a real possibility, but in theory it works.)
You can google for instructions on how to compile it.