Git is a version control system (a DVCS to be more exact).  A VCS (version control system) on a server (or on a computer, or in the cloud), is used to store and track changes to data.  This just means that there is a repository of files (usually code in some programming language, along with configuration, instructions, etc.), and in addition to sitting on a server, it has changes made to it tracked across time.  The version control system keeps track of any changes to any file in a project, and these projects are hosted, and frequently public or shareable.

A version control system with a front-end (whether git, or subversion/svn, bazaar/bzr, mercurial/hg, etc.) really just allows you to install applications (or packages, code, scripts, patches) that aren't available or up-to-date in the standard channels. Another way to put this is that it allows the authors of the code to share it with you and others.

Git (or another VCS) does this by pulling in all of the data from a repository (the remote IP.IP.IP.IP in your example) and dropping into a directory (that you choose, ultimately) on your system.   By itself, this does nothing, unless you are actually running the code that you've gotten.

When you are using a VCS, having gotten the code doesn't necessarily mean you are going to run it as a complete suite.  You might test it, update it, merge in some changes, take out some pieces.   But in some cases, you can install complete applications (or more) from a repository.
If you can be sure that the code is safe, then this is a great way to play around with goodies that might not be available otherwise.

Having git on your system is unlikely to be a problem.  If you're tight on space, you can remove it from the software center or with
sudo apt-get remove git.  (There might be additional packages, depending on how you installed it.)

It's hard to know how to undo anything that might have been done with downloaded code without knowing what it is that you've downloaded.  You might start by doing something like ls -lart in your home directory (from the command line), or looking in Nautilus file manager for recently modified directories.   For both of these methods, you're looking for the last changed directories files, some of which might be the ones you pulled onto your system with git.  If you find that, you'll have a better idea if there's anything else you need to remove or get help with undoing.

As far as the adding the host, I'm pretty sure that @Christoph (as well as @psusi) is correct.  The easiest way to rollback ssh key changes you have made is to do this:

 buntubox#$  rm -i ~/.ssh/known_hosts

Note that this will delete the entire known_hosts file.  This isn't usually a problem, because it will be rebuilt as you ssh to additional or repeat hosts.
Alternately, you can edit the file (with gedit, nano, etc.) and remove lines you don't need. (Each line is associated with a remote host.) Again, this should be safe to do -- at worst, you'll have to accept new keys when logging into systems you've logged into before.


How SATA SSD drives get mapped to /dev/sd?

As you say, the kernal will simply add the next unused letter in the sequence.

I think that it is quite dangerous to refer to disks by /dev/sdX because X can change (eg sdc might become sdb if sdb isn't available when you boot), this could do a lot of damage if (say) you used sdb for swap and sdc for critical data.

You are a lot safer to refer to disks by references in /dev/disk/by-id. If you have a look in this directory you will see a list of drive references that the kernel automatically links to the correct /dev/sdX. If X changes, the kernel changes the link (see example below)

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 Jul  8 08:02 ata-TOSHIBA_HDWE160_X7HOK1HIF56D -> ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jul  8 08:02 ata-TOSHIBA_HDWE160_X7HOK1HIF56D-part1 -> ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 Jul  8 08:02 ata-WDC_WD60EZRZ-00GZ5B1_WD-WX21D55336XF -> ../../sda


Hard Drive noise on Ubuntu, not on Windows | ACPI Disabled

I do not know a definite answer, as this is a very complex problem. It sounds like there may be an issue with your motherboard just because it is so old, and was also designed for older protocols.

Even though you replaced your hard drive, the clicking could be the motherboard with a broken circuit or corrupt code sending erroneous signals to the hard drive and causing the hard drive to move the read/write heads too far in either direction. I would be interested to know if other distributions caused the same issues for you.

As for if it is dangerous, it could be. Hard drives do not normally make noises when running, and if yours is then I would try to figure out the issue before running it too long in case damage could occur.


try this is in French but very understandable on all commands

http://doc.ubuntu-fr.org/syntek


How can I find all of the thumbnail pictures and delete them? Do they have a specific size? Or naming pattern?

They do not have a specific size but they do have a somewhat** specific naming pattern in that they are .png files with 32-character long prefixes. The prefixes contain only lower case numbers and letters:

~/.cache/thumbnails/normal $ ls -l
total 976
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dkb dkb  5306 Dec 18 19:09 085c000fbbf0acf30a6cd10fba7840b6.png
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dkb dkb 17064 Dec 18 19:10 096f43aca7514b077af55837fa2e991f.png
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dkb dkb  1007 Jan  7 14:04 0dea5b174496fdc296eeab1c16d14890.png
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dkb dkb  1609 Dec 18 19:10 0f61d62142d309ac7217c2db97f461f7.png

**I found files fitting the naming pattern even in my ~/.config/google-chrome subfolders.

The prefix of this type matches the string generated using md5sum. For example,

echo -n "file:///home/dkb/Pictures/mogrify.png" | md5sum 5c876891579e1ddb68858fcd1285fa3e  -

That said, you can list these files and their locations with

find ~ -iname "*.png" -ls | grep -E "[[:alnum:]]{32}.png"

Given that there's no guarantee that only thumbnails will be recovered by the command, you'll need to use your judgement in deleting these files.

~ $ find ~ -iname "*.png" -ls | grep -E "[[:alnum:]]{32}.png"
   263512      4 -rw-------   1 dkb    dkb          68 Dec 19 18:47 /home/dkb/.config/google-chrome/Default/Extensions/cjpalhdlnbpafiamejdnhcphjbkeiagm/1.17.4_0/web_accessible_resources/c77d1c55bb336440de0677e841870dd2.png
   263514      4 -rw-------   1 dkb    dkb          83 Dec 19 18:47 /home/dkb/.config/google-chrome/Default/Extensions/cjpalhdlnbpafiamejdnhcphjbkeiagm/1.17.4_0/web_accessible_resources/70a7e8510b6031f0d7d6dbf4a6e70c3e.png
   263513      4 -rw-------   1 dkb    dkb          68 Dec 19 18:47 /home/dkb/.config/google-chrome/Default/Extensions/cjpalhdlnbpafiamejdnhcphjbkeiagm/1.17.4_0/web_accessible_resources/08bccca4f0b22bca18001da690ef0f6b.png
  4992634    104 -rw-rw-r--   1 dkb    dkb      105801 Dec 31 19:12 /home/dkb/.cache/thumbnails/large/50300a09e33e5f5708ff995ce8780bf0.png
  4982659     44 -rw-rw-r--   1 dkb    dkb       43937 Dec 19 14:13 /home/dkb/.cache/thumbnails/large/e0f35cdc15dfa67a127d63b02be6198b.png
  4981212      8 -rw-rw-r--   1 dkb    dkb        7467 Dec 18 19:10 /home/dkb/.cache/thumbnails/normal/7254f83b68182514fc7da15bc055e11b.png
  4981237      4 -rw-rw-r--   1 dkb    dkb         134 Dec 18 19:10 /home/dkb/.cache/thumbnails/normal/4bfa9f4ef307e8662c6e3575272b0176.png
...


Moving 'save' dialog for pdfs moves the entire (background) firefox screen

This is caused by the fact that modal dialogs are attached to the main window. You can disable it using gnome-tweak-tool, or using gsettings:

gsettings set org.gnome.mutter attach-modal-dialogs false

With gnome-tweak-tool, install it first:

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

Then use it to disable "attached modal dialogs" (exact location of the setting may vary, but that should be the name):


Where to change this colour setting in KDevelop?

Okay, found it. A friend told me, it's called a "tooltip" and can be changed under
System Settings > Application Appearance > Colors > Colors > Tooltip Background. This of course is troublesome, as the Tooltip Text is white by default.

So, I put it back to how it was in 11.04: Black text on light blue. The light blue has the value #BEDFF.


What worked for me on 12.10:

Make sure all three nvidia packages are installed:

  sudo apt-get install nvidia-common nvidia-current nvidia-settings

(In case you want to be really sure; run install --reinstall). Also go for:

  dkms status

to double-check that the required modules for your current kernel were built
(it happened to me that I forgot to install the kernel headers after a kernel update; so dkms was not able to build the new modules automatically; leading to strange low resolutions on startup)

And you could run

  sudo nvidia-xconfig

asking nvidia to create its own /etc/X11/xorg.conf.


Well, you could overwrite every sector with zero, if you're absolutely positively sure you don't want any more data off the drive...

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdx

(where x is your drive's letter, see lsblk or fdisk -l to be sure FIRST)

And probably adding bs=1M or bs=5M might help too, to read/write in 1 MB or 5 MB blocks, should be ok for the hard drive, a little (maybe a lot) faster in case it defaults to a block size of 512 bytes


Moonlight extension not working with new Firefox versions

To those that wish to install Moonlight on any Firefox version greater than v4 and like me could not get the Official Firefox Compatibility checker to allow installation...then you can do the following:

Download the plugin according to your architecture - 32bit or 64bit
Save the .xpi file into an empty folder.
Change the file extension to zip if necessary
Right-click the .xpi file and choose Extract
In the extracted files, open the file install.rdf into your favourite text editor

find the area in the file shown - change the maxVersion from *4.0.** to *99.0.** and save (N.B. picture shows 9 - this value needs to higher than your Firefox version)
Delete the folder META-INF
Highlight all the files - Right click and choose Compress - save the compressed file in Zip format

Rename the file to have a .xpi extension rather than a .zip file extension
In firefox you can use the Firefox Addon wrench symbol to install the modified addon - you will be warned about its authenticity which you can ignore.  This warning appears because you deleted the authenticity checks folder META-INF previously.

Finally - when Firefox version changes, Firefox will automatically disable the add-on.  Use the official Compatibility Reporter to re-enable this modified add-on

A few possible reasons why you have playback issues:

The stream you are using doesnt have smooth streaming capability
the bitrate is too high for you broadband
you are using an underpowered CPU or are RAM starved
you graphics card is underpowered
You are using open-source drivers which (depending on the graphics card) sometimes can be much slower in terms of frame-rate than their proprietary cousins (ATI/NVIDIA).
Compiz issues - sometimes switching to Gnome-Classic (no effects) works better for me.

If you have trouble with a "play" button on-screen during playback and/or "autoplay" in general; goto about:config and set "media.autoplay.enabled" to "false".

Final note - from wikipedia, moonlight development has stopped.  The developers have been laid off from Novell and the company that has taken over has stopped (for some unknown reason) the nightly builds.  Looks like this technology is in dire straights :(


Is there an easy way to rearrange or move the icons in the Unity launcher? (doesn't work anymore)

While looking at the Desktop, press and hold Super (Windows) key. The first 10 Launcher icons will get numbers on top. Then left-click on the icon you want to move and slide it wherever you want it to go. It will be renumbered automagically.

Why developers made this so obscure I don't know.


For an iBook G3, which has a PowerPC CPU you need the PowerPC port of Ubuntu. I believe the latest release that supported PPC is 10.10, and would probably be better off with 10.04 (since it has LTS support).

The ISOs can be found here: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ports/releases/ And the image needed would be the powerpc images.


New Sound Devices Show up in Hardware But not Input or Output

Discovered a workaround. If I open up a terminal and run killall pulseaduio (without elevated privileges) the device then appears in the output tab once pulseaudio restarts itself.

Clearly not a solution or an ideal workaround.


How to bring wlan0 up without connect to any access point?

ifconfig wlan0 up

That brings the interface up, but it probably won't even have an IP assigned yet.


Change only one display orientation from terminal

Strange, but I found answer first!

You use

$ xrandr --output $monitorName --rotate $direction

where $monitorName can be found in output of

$ xrandr

and $direction is left for counter-clockwise or right for clockwise.

Edit: Using grep, it is possible to write a script like this:

#!/bin/bash

screen="HDMI1"

descr=$(xrandr | grep "$screen")
if echo "$descr" | grep disconnected
then
        echo "No $screen connected"
        exit 1
fi

alt="left"
if echo "$descr" | grep --quiet -P "^[^(]*$alt"
then
        rotate="normal"
else
        rotate="$alt"
fi
xrandr --output $screen --rotate $rotate

which actually switches orientation of monitor storaged in $screen variable, and $alt is the alternative orientation.


many /run files missing after upgrade to 11.10

The /run directory is a tmpfs mount.  This means that the contents of the directory do not persist over reboots.  If files are missing from that directory, it means that the programs that write to the directory are not running (or have not been run).  It isn't a case of those programs failing to run due to files not being found in that directory.

You mention that you attempted an upgrade and it did not complete successfully.  Your best bet would be to try and complete that upgrade.  Running the following from the command line will likely get your system into a better state:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


sed the string and hold the value in new variable

Assuming consistent fields, a simple awk command can do the trick:

echo cap/media/101/101.mp4 | awk -F"/" '{print $3}'

Output:

101


Battery only charging when shutting down by holding the power button or in suspended mode

The charger was broken. I just bought a new one and everything works fine now. Thank you.


Closing terminal which are not running commands without a prompt

Something is running.  su is running.  You can verify if you have a clean terminal with everything closed by typing exit at the prompt.

If you exit out of su, then you can close it without getting the process running on this terminal, prompt.

If a process is running, just keep executing exit until all the processes are closed.


Delete user created with --disabled-password option

You're trying to use sudo from a user account without a password and without sudo privileges. This won't work.

You need to login with a different account and run your command from there.


is terminal code in lubuntu and ubuntu the same?

I'm assuming that what you mean by "Ubuntu Code" is bash.

bash is an acronym for "Bourne-again Shell", and is the default command language for most, if not all, Unix-based systems.

As to your question; bash and its corresponding commands remain the same, and retain the same functionality, throughout all Ubuntu (even Unix/Linux) distributions.

This is not different between Lubuntu and Ubuntu- the largest difference between both of those distributions are simply the GUI, or Graphical User Interface (the little icons, designs, colors, etc., which you interact with, generally with the mouse). Lubuntu is a lot lighter and less resource-intensive, and uses a lighter GUI as a result.

If you want to get started in learning the bash shell, check out the official Ubuntu documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Beginners/BashScripting


Is it normal for openvpn-client to do this?

It says Here that the sample server configuration file is an ideal starting point for an OpenVPN server configuration. It will create a VPN using a virtual TUN network interface (for routing), will listen for client connections on UDP port 1194 (OpenVPN's official port number), and distribute virtual addresses to connecting clients from the 10.8.0.0/24 subnet.


What's source/binary overrides in Debian packaging?

Disclaimer: I have forgotten how to handle dput correctly and know nothing about mini-dinstall.

The overrides file may contain overides for the section and priority fields of Debian packages. A package has these two embedded, but a repository might decide to give different values. For instance, when I upload to Debian, it is not my decision alone whether a package is required or not.

Generally, the warning is harmless and can be ignored. The override file is an option for dpkg-scanpackages (which I suppose is used behind the scenes by mini-dinstall as well). The file contains lines of the form

package-name priority section


When sending email with Postfix, how can I hide the sender’s IP and username in the Received header?

The standard solution is to use the header_checks option. This will work, however, if we filter received lines on all mail both incoming and outgoing (as this will do), we could potentially lose Received headers on mail sent to us, which can be important for troubleshooting. To get around this problem, we will apply the header_checks only to the mail that could not possibly have been sent to us—mail that was sent to the submission port (you are using the submission port, aren’t you?).

This post explains how to apply header_checks exclusively to the submission port. What we need to do is pass the cleanup_service_name option to the submission service so that we can set up a new cleanup service, “subcleanup.” The relevant section of /etc/postfix/master.cf might look like this:

submission inet n       -       -       -       -       smtpd
  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
  -o cleanup_service_name=subcleanup

Now we can pass the header_checks option to the new cleanup service. That part of /etc/postfix/master.cf might look like this:

cleanup   unix  n       -       -       -       0       cleanup
subcleanup unix n       -       -       -       0       cleanup
  -o header_checks=regexp:/etc/postfix/submission_header_checks

Finally, we need to create the file /etc/postfix/submission_header_checks, which will contain the regex that filters offending Received header lines.  Which regex you put in the file depends on whether you have smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header set.

If smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header is yes, then use:

/^Received:.*\(Authenticated sender:/ IGNORE

Otherwise, use:

/^Received:.*\(Postfix/ IGNORE

(Thanks to Dominic P and Bryan Drewery for showing how to handle the second case.)


Create a new Geany project (Project > New) and set the directory to where your project files are.

I think you are mistaking the 'Documents' tab seen in the sidebar for the 'File Browser'. To see the File Browser go to Tools > Plugins and enable tick/check the File Browser plugin.

Edit:
The Filename field creates the Geany project file (ProjectName.geany). The Base Path is used to run the Build menu commands (for compiling etc).

It is recommended to keep all of your files in the same directory created in the Filename field.


Battery Detected, Charging, but not Working

Operating systems generally do not control when a notebook is drawing power from the battery or the AC line, as they would not react fast enough when switching between the two sources. This is 100% controlled by the hardware itself. Looking around online, the DM4 is notorious for having a really poor battery after about three years of use. The battery will show as being 100% charged but, as soon as you disconnect it, the machine will not get enough power and shut down.
What I would suggest is that you check the status of the battery by querying its firmware. This will let you know if it's time to replace the battery or not.
Here's how you can do it:

Open Terminal (if it's not already open)

Run this command:
upower -i `upower -e | grep 'BAT'`

You should see something that looks like this:
  native-path:          BAT0
  vendor:               LGC
  model:                01AV494
  serial:               58
  power supply:         yes
  updated:              2021年02月10日 11時57分33秒 (36 seconds ago)
  has history:          yes
  has statistics:       yes
  battery
    present:             yes
    rechargeable:        yes
    state:               discharging
    warning-level:       none
    energy:              47.07 Wh
    energy-empty:        0 Wh
    energy-full:         51.26 Wh
    energy-full-design:  57 Wh
    energy-rate:         2.882 W
    voltage:             12.478 V
    time to empty:       16.3 hours
    percentage:          94%
    capacity:            87.4737%
    technology:          lithium-polymer
    icon-name:          'battery-full-symbolic'
  History (rate):
    1612925853   2.882   discharging

Compare the energy-full and energy-full-design numbers (or capacity, as it's a representation of these two). The first shows how much energy can be stored, which is considered 100%, and the second shows how much the battery could store at the time of manufacture. If you see that the energy-full value is considerably lower than energy-full-design, then the battery is nearing the end of its life.
Also take a look at the voltage value and confirm that it is high enough to power your notebook. If the battery cannot supply enough power to the system, then it does not matter how much energy the battery might be able to store, it simply cannot supply enough of it to the machine to keep everything running. You might be able to mitigate power failures due to a weak battery by removing any USB devices, disabling wireless radios you're not using, and sticking only to integrated graphics, but this is just a temporary measure as the battery will continue to deteriorate.

(If Required) Buy a new battery

Hope this helps.


The answer is the partprobe command. Running sudo partprobe tells the kernel to re-scan all available disks for partitions. sudo partprobe /dev/device will force a re-scan of a particular disk if that disk isn't showing partitions correctly.


Ubuntu freezes after resume from suspend/hibernate in 10-15 sec

Solved by fresh install of Kubuntu 20.04 LTS. On install uncheck

[ ] «Install this third-party software for graphics and Wi-Fi hardware, Flash, MP3 and other media»

After OS install, install nvidia drivers manually - run in Konsole:
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
$ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-440 nvidia-settings

Above will install nvidia-settings correctly.
Then reboot in KDE. After above Suspend mode work ok on timeout and cover close.


Good computer, good windows performance, terrible Ubuntu performance?

NVIDIA has always been problematic. I understand that, you have already updated the drivers, but here is another process of doing it:

Open Terminal and type sudo apt-add-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install nvidia-current nvidia-settings
Go to Additional Drivers as you did before
Choose the latest driver (Open Source) and restart
It worked on 14.04, hope it works


Try to check your nginx's www.conf file and make sure the socket path is correct and socket file is present at that location while these services are running.

ie,
/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock or

/dev/shm/php-fpm-www.sock

try to start php-fpm from init.d

/etc/init.d/php-7.0.0-fpm start

and check your php.ini file also

add the following to the end of the file

[apc]
apc.write_lock = 1
apc.slam_defense = 0


You probably need to specify the display to modify/use, using -d again (or --screen?):

xrandr --output VGA1 --rotate normal -d :0

Note that this needs to be done with the display focused on the screen, otherwise it may throw a error like xrandr: Configure crtc 0 failed (e.g. when doing the commands from a TTY) - to fix this the display needs to be focused when the command is run, so for instance with a TTY you could use this command and switch back to the GUI quickly:

sleep 5; xrandr --output VGA1 --rotate normal -d :0

Also, desktop environments often include display settings, you may be able to do this from there.


Printer not visible over network between 12.04 machines, Printer properties reports "Not published. See server settings"

In the top menu bar, there is a dropdown menu for "Server" in order to enable the print server.

This got me too.


Pip and python setup tools install error brings libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 dependancy in Ubuntu 16.04

You need to run the following commands for it to work:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -f

You probably just installed the OS without running apt-get update, so the packages' DB is probably missing a lot of info. running the update command will fix your problem.


Gparted issue with Windows partitions (unable to read content) - dual-boot win7 ubuntu16.04

Gparted isn't the best tool for managing NTFS partitions. Instead, you should boot to windows and use Disk Management on Windows to resize the partition. Here's a guide for how to do it.

Go to the control panel and search "partition".

Click "Create and format hard disk partitions"

Right click the partition you want to shrink and click "Shrink
Volume". Follow through the dialogs.


Installing Ubuntu failed, now i have just a command line

Create a new file called sources.list

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

and then copy and paste the following in it. (this is assuming you are in the US. It doesn't really matter if you are not, it will just be slower since you are further away from the respective mirrors)

#############################################################
################### OFFICIAL UBUNTU REPOS ###################
#############################################################

###### Ubuntu Main Repos
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

###### Ubuntu Update Repos
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse

###### Ubuntu Partner Repo
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner

###### Ubuntu Extras Repo
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main

Now try to issue the update command.

sudo apt-get update

If it is able to update the sources try to install the updates.

sudo apt-get upgrade

After the updates are all in and you have rebooted and you still do not have a desktop, try issuing

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

it should run through everything and then you will need to reboot to see the desktop.

Hope that fixes it.


Recover deleted full disk encryption partition

Just came back after over two years and saw some people looked at the question so there might be in interest in how I solved the problem:

It was really just the partition table. By just recreating the before deleted lvm partition, all went back to normal.

I didn't even have to remember the exact size of the lvm partition, I just opened gparted and created a new partition to the end of the disk, using all free space. The data was still there, the system is still running today (though updated to recent Xubuntu).


I got it resolved by adding ioommu=soft on the GRUB entry.


Changing the user picture in Ubuntu menu

The user picture in the quick switch menu is the same as the picture linked with the user account. So if you go to your account settings and change the picture for your account there, it will update in the quick switch menu aswell. (might require a logout or restart to actually update the picture shown)


How to fix Error ID 197 on External Harddrive

If you're getting a SMART warning with pending sectors (ERROR ID 197), it means that your disk can't reallocate sectors correctly. Read errors on a sector will not remap the sector immediately, and the disk will probably fail anytime.

Note: I would recommend that you backup your data off the drive, if you have any, just to be on the safe side.  Also you may want to test the drive with Seagate's bootable utility, to verify if the drive needs replacement.


Is it possible to make night light status icon visible when night light is turned off?

Yes. You can force the NightLight icon to stay on the horizontal bar all the time. For that you need to install a gnome extension called Night Light Slider.

You can download it from here. and configure that extension like setting a normal gnome extension

Once you configured this extension you can change the NightLight temperature from the top menu as shown in the picture. So you don't have to turn off night light from the settings anymore. And you can adjust the max-min temperature from the top bar itself without losing the NightLight icon.

Note: You have to tun on the night light in the display settings permanently. And it will not be a problem as you can adjust the temperature from the extension slider itself as shown in the picture.


I know in the repository dia would be closest thing to use since it helps make diagrams (including UML based ones) but I didn't see the .xmi extension as a file it can open.

I have not been able to find another diagram program on the Ubuntu repository that says it can open up a .xmi file ( used this list to do searches on them on Ubuntu 12.04: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_UML_tools )

When looking around, I found this link that explains what the file extension means and what programs can open it.

http://www.fileinfo.com/extension/xmi

Two applications were mentioned, Magic MagicDraw (which does not run in Linux) and

Eclipse IDE for Java Developers with GMF plug-in

sudo apt-get install eclipse

http://www.eclipse.org/modeling/gmp/?project=gmf-tooling

Hope this gets you in the right direction.


I don't know why my approach didn't work, but logging as root and deleting my password $ passwd -d acc did the trick. Weird.


The MBR of the Ubuntu ISO has partition type 0, which is an invalid value

I don't have much idea about partition systems, but I believe the reason is that it's not a plain MBR filesystem. Using parted:

$ parted ubuntu-16.10-desktop-amd64.iso p
Warning: The driver descriptor says the physical block size is 2048 bytes, but Linux says it is 512 bytes.
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore
Model:  (file)
Disk /home/muru/ubuntu-16.10-desktop-amd64.iso: 6375MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 2048B/512B
Partition Table: mac
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   Flags
 1      2048B   6143B   4096B                Apple
 2      1582MB  1584MB  2458kB               EFI

Note: Partition Table: mac. And the Wikipedia article for Apple Partition Map says:

  Some hybrid discs contain both an ISO 9660 primary volume descriptor
  and an Apple Partition Map, thus allowing the disc to work on
  different types of computers, including Apple systems.

I don't know why parted thinks the file is 6GB in size, though. However, file agrees that there's something involving Apple Partition Map here:

$ file ubuntu-16.10-desktop-amd64.iso -k | fold -w 80
ubuntu-16.10-desktop-amd64.iso: DOS/MBR boot sector ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem d
ata (DOS/MBR boot sector) 'Ubuntu 16.10 amd64' (bootable); partition 2 : ID=0xef
, start-CHS (0x3ff,254,63), end-CHS (0x3ff,254,63), startsector 3089492, 4800 se
ctors DOS/MBR boot sector ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data (DOS/MBR boot sector)
'Ubuntu 16.10 amd64' (bootable) Apple Driver Map, blocksize 2048, blockcount 370
08, devtype 0, devid 0, descriptors 0, contains[@0x800]: Apple Partition Map, ma
p block count 2, start block 1, block count 2, name Apple, type Apple_partition_
map ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data, contains[@0x1000]: Apple Partition Map, map
 block count 2, start block 772373, block count 1200, name EFI, type Apple_HFS I
SO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data, contains[@0x1800]: ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem da
ta FoxPro FPT, blocks size 37008, next free block index 1163003904\012- data


Help to setup networking in Virtualbox Ubuntu Guest from Windows vista Host

Configure virtual machine to use Host only network adapter and enable internet connection sharing on your Vista host. I believe this will solve your problem. If you are not able to access internet on guest then try using windows IP as default gateway in your Ubuntu guest.


Hibernate Option not available in Ubuntu 12.04

In this site are a very good how-to.

http://www.howtogeek.com/113923/how-to-re-enable-hibernate-in-ubuntu-12.04/

Sorry for my bad english, but i speak spanish.


Display problem with fresh install of 12.04

This helped for me:

Boot to live cd first
Edit /etc/default/grub
on the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=
add nomodeset in the parentheses.
will ensure the kernel doesn't try to optimize video performance without having updated drivers installed/loaded.

Be sure to run sudo update-grub after.


I guess you tried to unpack this file. To compress it open the folder /media/BA and rightclick setup.exe. Then choose Compress...:

Now you can set the options for the compressed file:

Create, ready.

If this doesn't work open Archive Manager via Dash. Click Open to add a file or just drag and drop it from Nautilus (file manager).

To compress it now choose New:

Hope it works as it does here!


Connection Issue with Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS

I did not completey understand your question but it could be caused by this:
As of v197, udev no longer assigns network interface names according to the wlanX and ethX naming scheme. If you are coming from a different distribution or are reinstalling Linux and not aware of the new interface naming style, please do not assume that your wireless interface is named wlan0, or that your wired interface is named eth0.

You can use the command ip link to discover the names of your interfaces.


dpkg error after upgrading to Ubuntu 18.04

At this time, it seems miktex has not yet been updated to work with Ubuntu 18.04.  I recommend using texlive instead:

sudo aptitude install texlive

You can remove the miktex package:

sudo aptitude -f remove miktex

However, fully removing miktex is more complicated because the package is just an installer.  If you installed it in your home directory, look in ~/bin for remnants.  Otherwise look in /usr/local/bin.


hOW TO rEMAP cAPS-LOCK TO cAPS-LOCK ON uBUNTU

From Linux Mint:

sudo apt install xdotool

Then toggle the caps lock key with this command:

xdotool key Caps_Lock

Run this command again to turn caps lock off.


How to fix rpm-common package is in very bad inconsistent state?

Try uninstalling then reinstalling the package:

sudo apt-get remove rpm-common
sudo apt-get install rpm-common

If the removal of the package gives you problems, try following this.

You will likely be forced to remove some more, dependent packages, in the first step. Please take note of them, and reinstall them after you've successfully reinstalled rpm-common.


Ubuntu looks for a removed volume group during boot

It turns out that the traces of LVM were stored in initramfs. I found the question Can't find LVM root dropped back to initramfs and ran the mentioned command:

sudo update-initramfs -u -k all

Since that, the messages regarding LVM have no more been appearing during boot.


I disagree with @dv3500ea's conclusion, "OK using either", as it was inappropriate.  Even at the posted date/time, .lzma files were known to be replaced completely by .xz.  The author of both Utils has said publicly, users should transition to XZ-Utils ≥ 5.00. The last LZMA-Utils release was 2008-07-30, and discontinued.

LZMA Utils are legacy data compression software with high compression ratio. LZMA Utils are no longer developed, although critical bugs may be fixed as long as fixing them doesn't require huge changes to the code.
Users of LZMA Utils should move to XZ Utils. XZ Utils support the legacy .lzma format used by LZMA Utils, and can also emulate the command line tools of LZMA Utils. This should make transition from LZMA Utils to XZ Utils relatively easy.

The determining factor might not be compression, although ironically it was for this example.  "practical reasons" are a self-evident, and significant, reason to use XZ-Utils. Additionally the .xz format allows you to specify compression algorithms, and filters, so .xz files can use either LZMA or LZMA2.  Avoid creating new .lzma files, they are considered a legacy format.
As for even keeping LZMA-Utils around: don't. XZ-Utils has support for legacy .lzma files.  It also has wrappers for scripts still using LZMA-Utils.  If all those reasons were still insufficient, Ubuntu dropped legacy lzma-utils from its repository.


Ubuntu 12.04 Wifi/Brightness Fn Keys don't work

Open terminal (Clt + Alt + T) and run the command given below:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Now the new window opens and you will see the lines given below:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quite_splice"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""

Now you have to change the lines above by the command lines given below:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pcie_aspm=force acpi_backlight=vendor"

Then save the window and Update the grub from the terminal using:

sudo update-grub

Now you can increase or decrease the brightness in PC with Latest Ubuntu in it.

Enjoy!

Source - Blog


Remove Ubuntu installed by wubi to install Ubuntu alongside Windows?

Well after a bit of time searching and a bit of help from others along the way, I decided to remove the old version and install a fresh copy. I took everything that I wanted off the wubi install and then um-installed it in Windows. I then installed the latest version via the USB and opted to install alongside Windows. It took a bit of time to get Ubuntu back to how I wanted it, but it is there now. It is true that I could keep the old wubi version there, but for me this was a good opportunity to have a fresh copy.


You should ideally be using Linux programs rather than Windows ones.

MSVBVM60.DLL is a VB6 runtime and can best be installed into wine by first installing the winetricks package either from the software centre of from a command line

sudo apt-get install winetricks

Then

winetricks vb6run

Sources here and here.


Great news -- this was already fixed in Shotwell 0.11.2!

More info on the bug report:
http://redmine.yorba.org/issues/4030


Synaptics Touchpad becomes unresponsive immediately after login

Fixed it myself! I use 12.10, and the gsettings code syntax appears to differ slightly from 12.04. 12.10 users, try opening terminal (ctrl+alt+t) and typing:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.touchpad touchpad-enabled 'true'


For Ubuntu 16.04 and above you must install the right language support

Go to System Settings > Language Support > Install / Remove Languages

and select Bangla (or any other languages). Then click on Apply

Mark Complex Text Layout settings in LibreOffice

Open LibreOffice Writer
Form the top menu select Tools > Option
Scroll down the left panel of the Options window to Language Settings > Language
Select Complex Text Layout (CTL) check mark, and select the language
    such as Bengali.

Select Keyboard layout (if needed)

ibus is not supported any more (I think). If needed select an alternate keyboard layout:

Go to Systems Settings > Keyboard > Text Entry
Use the + icon at the bottom left to add a Bengali keyboard layout in addition to the default English one.

On my computer I have the following choices:

Bangla
Bangla (India)
Bangla (India, Baisakhi)
Bangla (India, Baisakhi inscript)
Bangla (India, Bornona)
Bangla (India, Probhat)
Bangla (India, Uni, Gitanjali)

Your mileage may vary.


How can I install from a 9.04 live USB/DVD?

The fact that you're getting a GRUB menu with what's currently installed on your HDD suggests that you're not booting from the USB, but from the hard drive instead. You need to go into BIOS setup and make sure the USB stick comes first in the list of boot devices.

If you still see the same GRUB menu after confirming the the USB is first in the list - it suggests that the USB drive is not bootable so BIOS skips it and goes to the next one in the list. You may need to re-create it.


I don't think its possibel to boot Windows from Ubuntu. But you can try VirtualBox if you need the "full Windows experience". If you only need some Windows applications (e.g. Photoshop) you can have a look at Wine. From the Wine Wiki : "Photoshop 5 through CS2 and CS4 install and work pretty well on wine."


Since ipaddr.py is library for inspecting and manipulating IP address,
  the first thing you'll want to do is create some objects. You can use
  ipaddr to create objects from strings, integers or other ipaddr
  objects.

Check the following wiki page for examples:

http://code.google.com/p/ipaddr-py/wiki/Using3144

Depending on your needs, installing the python package from pypi system wide and creating a python script (to later put in /usr/bin) is probably the best option to get a command line utility using ipaddr.


NetworkManager is still configuring the interface because managed=true is set in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

To disable NetworkManager and instead use /etc/network/interfaces, set managed=false in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf


change proxy username -ubuntuone on windows

Ubuntu One does not have its own proxy settings. It uses the system settings for proxy on Windows. You can change these settings inside Internet Explorer preferences, or in the Control Panel for Internet, I believe.


Where do I find older Ubuntu versions (specifically 11.10)

You can Download it here

http://releases.ubuntu.com/oneiric/

Select the appropriate File.

if compatibility is issue then Try Lubuntu or Xubuntu 12.04.


How to add chromedriver to path when there isn't anything like chromedriver?

I found it under
'/opt/google/chrome/chrome'
And I ran the command like:
browser = webdriver.Chrome('/opt/google/chrome/chrome')
And it worked.
How did I manage?(For it to work for you too):
I searched for chrome under directories, and then in '/usr' directory, I found the applications, and the Chrome. Right-click, properties, I found it was a shortcut from '/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable'. I went there. Right-click-> properties, it is a shortcut, which is in '/opt/google/chrome/google-chrome' directory.


Just posted the same question here ... the solution for me was to downgrade OpenJDK from 6b27 to 6b24 (look at the link for details).

My NetBeans was looking excactly like in your sreenshot and also had some other strange problems.

I would suggest you do java -version if this shows that you have 6b27 installed and cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep openjdk shows that you recently received the OpenJDK update you can try to fix the problem reverting to 6b24 using this command:

apt-get install openjdk-6-jre=6b24-1.11.1-4ubuntu2 openjdk-6-jre-headless=6b24-1.11.1-4ubuntu2 icedtea-6-jre-cacao=6b24-1.11.1-4ubuntu2

****edit****

As I discovered some other problems (SSH connection wouldn't establish within NetBeans) I finally took the step to upgrade to Oracle JDK7. To start NetBeans with another JDK you have got to edit ./netbeans-7.X/etc/netbeans.conf and change the line netbeans_jdkhome="/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/jre" (I guess this gets generated in the NetBeans installation process). Otherwise it will still use your old JDK no matter what java -version says.


Is it possible to edit Textboxes in a browser using VIM or a VIM-Style-Editor?

As far as I understoond, any browser suits you. So I would recommend you Pentadactyl – an extension for Firefox. Besides vi-like keybindings for browsing / navigation and lots of attendant features, it also provides both possibilities, you’ve asked.

External editor for textareas and textboxes, which is GVim by default, can be launched by <C-i>.
Basic internal vi-style editor (so called ‘Text edit’ mode) is available by pressing <C-t> or can be configured to start directly when textarea / textbox is focused by :set noinsertmode. Unfortunately, it seems to be unmaintained now and therefore has several important issues which unlikely to be fixed. For instance it handles non-ASCII characters (like ä, п) improperly while doing word-movements (w, e, b, etc).

(Both hotkeys can be remapped of course.)


Try lockf.

  lockf - apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file

  The lockf() function allows sections of a file to be locked with
  advisory-mode locks. Calls to lockf() from other processes which
  attempt to lock the locked file section will either return an error
  value or block until the section becomes unlocked. All the locks for a
  process are removed when the process terminates. Record locking with
  lockf() is supported for regular files.IBM


Greek characters displayed in some applications on Lubuntu 14.04

Ok so, I tested installing VirtualBox on my main machine with Linux Mint 17 Qiana, and turns out the same happened, so I tried to look more in depth regarding what Gunnar Hjalmarsson said regarding "fonts for displaying cyrilic characters being used" and it turns out they were on the right path.

For some reason both in Lubuntu's and Mint's windows options I had Standard Symbols L as the default font for any text displayed system-wide, and that was causing the problem. I changed it to Sans which looks exactly the same but doesn't produce the same weird display of letters, and now the text is readable again.


How do I boot Ubuntu from a USB on an Acer C720 Chromebook?

I learned that I could recover my files by booting Ubuntu using a USB[…]

No!

That's what we get when people are too busy posting videos of the same thing over and over instead of improving the actual documentation and explaining things straight to the point for novice users. But hey, it's way cooler to be an attention whore. (✿◠‿◠)

(Chromebook + crouton + Ubuntu) ≠ (Laptop + Ubuntu)

It's NOT equal, because…

  crouton: Chromium OS Universal Chroot Environment

The first line in README.md

…you are using a chroot when using crouton! You are NOT installing Ubuntu as intended using live media or installation media for supported embedded devices.

Accessing files

Accessing your files in the chroot – which is simply speaking just an isolated part of the filesystem – should be easy if you know where it resides in the filesystem. It's usually /var/chroot/, but this may not be true for Chrome OS or crouton. On the other hand you would face the same problem when probably successfully booting live media on the Chromebook and eventually accessing the Chrome OS data partitions.

Backing up files

If you have trouble finding the location, but still know how to use crouton to manage your chroots, the following part from the README.md will generate a .tar.gz with all of your data and the chroot OS data, that you could browse with file-roller or any other archive manager.

  A backup a day keeps the price-gouging data restoration services away

  sudo edit-chroot -b chrootname backs up your chroot to a timestamped tarball in the current directory. Chroots are named either
  via the -n parameter when created or by the release name if -n was not
  specified.
  […]

By the way, it's not the author or contributors fault. They did a good job by making this tool available. It's everyone else's fault for doing such a poor job explaining what a chroot (on Linux) is and what the result will be when you install Ubuntu on a Chromebook this way. (Something that looks like Ubuntu, but isn't supported by anyone and you as a user shut yourself out of what you thought was your hardware. It's Google's hardware, you're just allowed to use it.)

APT logs and history

  […] and when installing Gimp through the terminal, it deleted a the software center and some other files that may have been important.

Definitely not. Just installing Gimp on a supported installation through terminal or software center is completely safe and shouldn't uninstall critical components or make the system unstable in anyway.

You can look at the histroy of installed, uninstalled and updated packages with:

zless /var/log/apt/history.log

Of course the path is from inside the running OS or chroot (should be /var/chroot/my_chrooted_ubuntu/var/log/apt/history.log). Older logs have the following scheme :  history.log.1.gz. You can leave the zless program by typing q.


If you are talking about MemSource Editor, you will need to give the downloaded file execution permissions before double-clicking it.

Right-click on the file, select properties, go to the permission tab, select "Allow executing this file as a program".


appends n-th line from the file x at the end of the file y

I see your problem, you're using single quotes. They won't allow the Bash variable $MYN to expand. You can complicate things by telling awk a new variable, or because it's so simple, you can just switch to double-quotes:

awk "NR==$MYN" x

I'd have used sed but I can't see any obvious issues with your logic

MYN=4
sed "${MYN}q;d" x >> y

It seems to work as expected:

$ for i in $(seq 1 10); do echo $i >> x; done
$ sed "${MYN}q;d" x
4


Not possible with plain cp. Has been asked many many times.

Use rsync instead with the --progress option. Works very similar to cp, like this:

$ rsync --progress sourcefile destinationfile

Also, people have been hacking around with wrapping cp, like described here.


How do I get Sublime Text's open directory to show files in GUI?

I think you're talking about the side panel, right? Follow this sequence of menus: View -> Side Bar -> Show Side Bar.


Is there any way to automatically download torrents?

I am sure that flexget is the thing you are looking for.
I'm using this with Ubuntu (12.04 10.04) together with transmission.
And as soon the torrent is available it will add it to transmission.

They say its trivial to set up, but no it ain't.
But as soon you succeed in configure it (only one file) it works like a charm for weeks and weeks (years...).

There is no demand of account anywhere , its just your PC finding torrents in rss feeds according to your specified minimum quality and size then it ads it to your preferred torrent-client.


Ubuntu start failed while using second monitor

If someone has same problems, the answer is here.

There is no total solution of the problem.

  In case the user is "ready" pressing Fn+F8 before GRUB appears should
  solve the dual screen problem as well (according to reports on Ubuntu
  and the Asus Zenbook thread).

In this thread I found, that you should disconnect your second monitor while booting Ubuntu. Or as mentioned press Fn+F8 before GRUB appears.


Xubuntu is very lightweight and works well on netbooks. Lubuntu is even more lightweight. Either is worth a try. I'm about to checkout Mint Mate and Mint XFCE, both of which are supposed to work well on this class of machine.


Abnormal behavior with iwlwifi driver: the device is shown as not working

The behavior is normal. Canonical used ubuntu-drivers utility to install iwlwifi backports when it is needed. That was not a perfect idea, because it confuses newbies.

The message that device is not working really means that backport drivers are not installed. They probably don't even exist for this release/kernel.

So, ignore this message.


This is a regression that happened from Kernel from Kernel 5.0 to 5.3. This may be a problem in the recent changes that the 5.3 kernel introduced with the deprecated deadline, cfq and noop, which according to the Ubuntu wiki "prior to Ubuntu 19.04 with Linux 5.0 or Ubuntu 18.04.3 with Linux 4.15, the multiqueue I/O scheduling was not enabled by default and just the deadline, cfq and noop I /O schedulers were available by default". It has also been reported that some bugs have been introduced for those who have an intel and use the i965 driver.

To get around the problem i changed the swappiness kernel parameter to 10, and use bfq for IOSchedulers, by default Ubuntu uses mq-deadline.


Installing Brother MFC3240-C all in one printer

There are two ways to open terminal:

To open a terminal window press Ctrl+Alt+T.
Press 'Dash' button at the left top of the screen. Type Terminal in the search bar. A terminal icon will appear. Click on the icon.

After you have opened a terminal window you can type the commands required by your installation guide. Just type required commands (you can even copy and paste) and press 'Enter'.

Some commands require sudo privileges. This means you have to be root (like administrator in 'Windows') to run the command. When you type sudo su you will be asked your password.(the password that you use for installing packages and logging into the desktop). After that you don't have to declare that you're root every time. Type your password and thus you will be able to run as a root.

In the installation process you may be asked to answer Yes or No. As usual you will have to type just Y for yes or N for no.

Other notes are usually stated in the installation guides.


downloading ubuntu (18.04.1) in my dell laptop

To test this, there is a function to "Try Ubuntu live" at the installer. It will run Ubuntu without actually installing it.

(At least there was when I last checked)


Ubuntu 18.04.3 grub fails to install on USB

Did you crate "EFI Partition" when you installed Ubuntu?

This partition is where the installer will install grub during installation on a UEFI system, but without that partition, grub can't be installed. To solve this, you need to re-partition your drive.

Install Ubuntu again and create 1 partition at least 300 MB, then click the check boxes for "boot" and "esp".

I hope this helps you.


If you don't absolutely need to use sed, here are some alternatives:

$ awk '{ if(/string/ && !a){a=1;getline;getline;getline;getline} print}' file
####
other lines
####
string
line4
line5
line6

Or Perl:

$ perl -ne 'if(/string/ && !$a){$a=1;readline;readline;readline; next} print' file
####
other lines
####
string
line4
line5
line6

Perl has the advantage that it has the same -i option as sed (in fact, the option originated in Perl and was copied to sed) for in-place editing:

perl -i.bak -ne 'if(/string/ && !$a){$a=1;readline;readline;readline; next} print' file


Saving images of my IP-camera on my Desktop using FTP

The manual says that your screenshot shows settings for the cameras' FTP client, whichcan upload pictures to a FTP server.

In this case you need an FTP server on your desktop machine so the camera can connect to it and upload the images.


A workaround is to resize the window before maximizing.


your /home/nuc/.icons isnt actualy a folder but a copy of Plastico-icons.tar renamed to .icons

Use the mv command instead to avoid mistakes like this, or man cp

rm -rf /home/nuc/.icons     (only once to delete your .icons who is actualy a file, not a folder)
mkdir /home/nuc/.icons      (only once, if directory is not existing).
tar -xvf /tmp/Plastico-icons.tar -C /home/nuc/.icons/  (to unpack your .tar to your folder).


Can I try Canonical Distribution of Ubuntu OpenStack with less than 7 machines?

Landscape Managed, Scaleable Cloud

See the following answer for the latest requirements:

Installation Requirements for Landscape Autopilot

TL;DR:

5 -- One machine for MAAS, one machine for Landscape, and three for your cloud.

Single Machine

There is a single machine option for getting a feel for things (using openstack-install), however it's not meant for a production workload.

You can follow the single machine option with these commands on Trusty and later:

sudo apt install openstack
sudo openstack-install


I'm trying to answer this although I don't use Cinnamon. I'm running Xfce 4.10 on Ubuntu 12.04.

I can edit the theme's gtkrc file (in the gtk-2.0 folder) in two ways.

First, I can enhance contrast between text and background by modifying bg[SELECTED]: the example uses "yellow" instead of selected_bg_color.

  style "menu"

  {

  ythickness        = 3

  xthickness        = 0

  GtkMenuBar  :: shadow-type      = GTK_SHADOW_NONE

  bg[SELECTED]      = "yellow" #@selected_bg_color

  bg[NORMAL]        = shade (1.18, @bg_color)

  bg[PRELIGHT]      = @selected_bg_color

  bg[ACTIVE]        = shade (1.18, @bg_color)

  bg[INSENSITIVE]   = shade (1.18, @bg_color)

  fg[NORMAL]        = @fg_color

  fg[PRELIGHT]      = @base_color

  fg[SELECTED]      = @base_color

  fg[ACTIVE]        = @base_color

The result is here:

Alternatively, I can enhance contrast by modifying fg[PRELIGHT]: the next example uses "green" instead of base_color.

  style "menu"

  {

  ythickness        = 3

  xthickness        = 0

  GtkMenuBar  :: shadow-type      = GTK_SHADOW_NONE

  bg[SELECTED]      = @selected_bg_color

  bg[NORMAL]        = shade (1.18, @bg_color)

  bg[PRELIGHT]      = @selected_bg_color

  bg[ACTIVE]        = shade (1.18, @bg_color)

  bg[INSENSITIVE]   = shade (1.18, @bg_color)

  fg[NORMAL]        = @fg_color

  fg[PRELIGHT]      = "green" #@base_color

  fg[SELECTED]      = @base_color

  fg[ACTIVE]        = @base_color

If you prefer the same colors as used by your current theme, you could consider using shade to brighten or darken text or background. Higher values brighten, lower values darken.


How does the linux kernel choose which firmware version to load?

The firmware version that is requested is written into the driver code. As you can see, the particular version if iwlwifi that you are using requests -7 firmware. It can't find it and ends in an error. You can see this in modinfo iwlwifi:

$ modinfo iwlwifi
filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-24-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/iwlwifi/iwlwifi.ko
license:        GPL
author:         Copyright(c) 2003-2013 Intel Corporation <ilw@linux.intel.com>
version:        in-tree:
description:    Intel(R) Wireless WiFi driver for Linux
<snip>
firmware:       iwlwifi-7260-7.ucode

What does yours report? Have you tried re-naming the -9 firmware as -7, after backing up, of course?

I actually believe that, for 7260 devices, modinfo suggests -7 but the driver actually uses -8. I am unaware of any driver version that calls for -9. Perhaps kernel version 3.15-xx.


As on your screenshot, you have three ethernets: eth0, eth1, eth2 . eth0 has an IP, so you have some config for this (ie by ifupdown with /etc/network/interfaces config).
I hope eth1, eth2 is not connected to the same switch and network, to get this works it needs more settings.
You should check, that any other tools like ifupdown not used for bringing up eth1, eth2 and bond0, br0.
Do not use this tools with netplan.
Disable eth1, eth2 ifaces – remove lines with auto for eth1, eth2, add just one line: iface eth1 inet manual for each.
Or rename or delete file /etc/network/interfaces.
If you rename or delete /etc/network/interfaces, you should add config eth0 to netplan config.
For example, in my config I have em1, em2 ethernets. bond0 its together, and br0 at the top of bond0. br0 gets IP via DHCP. br0 is needed to get access to network from VMs on this server.
My config:
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    em1:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
    em2:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      interfaces:
        - em1
        - em2
      macaddress: "xx:xx:xx:xx:2b:62"
      parameters:
        mode: 802.3ad
        lacp-rate: fast
        mii-monitor-interval: 100
        transmit-hash-policy: layer2+3
  bridges:
    br0:
      dhcp4: yes
      dhcp6: yes
      macaddress: "xx:xx:xx:xx:2b:62"
      interfaces:
        - bond0

You can remove part with bridges and set dhcp4: yes, dhcp6: yes to bond0. This should also works, and bond0 should get IP from DHCP.
Also I made a working config for ifupdown2 (maybe because old ifupdown can't handle ifaces dependency, but ifupdown2 can).


You may be experiencing the problem described in this question, which I asked in response to your question because your question had attracted comments that did not address the problem.

In my case, the problem was that the Wayland X server was crashing immediately after blanking the screen. The solution was to switch to the legacy Xorg server, by choosing "Ubuntu on Xorg" as the session type when logging in. You do this by clicking the gear icon next to the "Sign In" button on the login screen, after selecting your user from the user list.


After 12.04-14.04 upgrade, Google-talk malfunctions

I would suggest confirming that your headset works with something like Audacity, and then try reinstalling the Google Hangouts plugin from here. You may also want to remove the Google Hangouts repository using the Software Sources app before attempting to reinstall the plugin. I use this on Ubuntu 14.04 and I was using it on 12.04. I did not do a direct upgrade, but rather backed up my data and did a fresh install of 14.04.


you can add multiple sites via adding host entries in host file

/etc/hosts


Connecting phpmyadmin to separate MySQL server

phpmyadmin should run on the server that has Apache2 and PHP running, but it is able to connect to an external database server. Answer taken from here:

In the config file, change the "host" variable to point to the external server. The config file is called config.inc.php and it will be in the main phpMyAdmin folder. There should be a line like this:

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = 'localhost';

Just change localhost to your server's IP address.


How to change default partition on partition boot up disk

Boot into the OS you don't want to boot automatically. Open Terminal by pressing Ctrl, Alt and t

Run in terminal:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Change the line GRUB_DEFAULT=0

GRUB_DEFAULT=1

Run

sudo update-grub

and reboot.

Edit:

Note:

this is for present default OS which you don't want to be default. In your case Kubuntu.
For Grub boot menu.
When you have two Linux operating systems whenever you or the system updates grub in one OS that becomes the default, so you have to change the priorities every time. By doing the above when Kubuntu updates grub the second choice (that is Ubuntu) is selected.


My LUKS encrypted device works on one computer but not on another - why?

Guess what, this time, when I attached the device to post the ouput of syslog here, it suddenly worked!
Seems like not having cryptsetup installed was causing this, obviously. Then, aftert installing and even after I reboot, the cryptsetup magic recognition of encrypted devices hadn't propagated properly into the system inards, as it seems.

So for everyone else having this problem:

Make sure you've got cryptsetup installed: sudo apt-get install
cryptsetup (You might oversee this as you have it on the machine where you created the encrypted device, but it's not standard on any other setup)

2 . Reboot your machine, and if it doesn't work, reboot once more.
 Strange as it sounds...


Listing files in directory in one column

You need the ls command -1 option.

ls -1 /dir

just to clarify. that is ls -(one) /dir; like the number.

from the man ls page:

 -1     list one file per line.  Avoid '\n' with -q or -b


With the 3.1.1 kernel pciasmp is compiled into the kernel

grep ASPM /boot/config-3.1.1
CONFIG_PCIEASPM=y
# CONFIG_PCIEASPM_DEBUG is not set

pcie_aspm=force looks like a (kernel) boot option.

To enable that option, edit /etc/default/grub

# graphical
gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

# command line
sudo -e /etc/default/grub

Add that option in to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line, after quiet and splash

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pcie_aspm=force"

Update grub

sudo update-grub


Unable to install Ease due to missing dependencies

You need to install the *-dev packages. These contain the headers and other files that are required by the source files you are trying to compile.

Also please note Ease does not seem to be under active development (I emailed the author and never got a reply either).


How do I have Ubuntu start up on my partioned drive?

It seems as though you have a corrupted boot loader. Therefore, follow the instructions on this page (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair) to install and run Boot-Repair. Given that you are comfortable with the live-USB, I would use ‘2nd option: install Boot-Repair in Ubuntu’. Using that program, you should be able to get your computer to properly boot to the installation of Ubuntu that has your files and programs on it without having to use a live-USB every time. If and when you get that working, you should be able to format the partition that has the second, unnecessary installation. (If this doesn’t work, please describe what happened by adding to the end of your question.)


Cannot logn on virtual terminal - return repeating?

It is not unlikely that you are hit by this issue. Removing the gpm feature fixed it for me. It happened around the time I posted on that bug.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gpm/+bug/1814261

The official bug (where developers are working on resolving the issue) is here:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1813873

It looks like something was not backported and as a result the missing code generate that auto-return problem. It should be fixed soon. The fix was pushed around the 20th (Feb 2019.)


ATI/AMD proprietary FGLRX graphics install fails, how can I resolve the problem?

Remove and purge the current version, then install the updates:

sudo apt-get --purge remove fglrx*
sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates fglrx-amdcccle-updates
Reboot

Making sure fglrx is fully removed is an important step. It didn't work for me the first time I tried to install the updates and in the end I removed each fglrx package individually, purged each one individually, removed no longer dependencies sudo apt-get autoremove, rebooted, then installed the updates sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates fglrx-amdcccle-updates, rebooted, and (as of writing) I got catalyst version 11.11 (which still doesn't work with gnome3).

12.10

21 Oct 2012 - fglrx is not working in 12.10, see bug report.
4 Jan 2013 - no fix yet, bug reports are on fire,
27 July 2013 - Still no fix sigh

12.10 Troubleshooting

If you have problems with graphics after installing or updating to 12.10, you will need to remove fglrx and use open source drivers:

    $ sudo apt-get remove fglrx*

If you get stuck on a warning about "low graphics":

Open the terminal Ctrl+Alt+F1
Remove fglrx: sudo apt-get remove fglrx*
Reboot: sudo reboot

For more see the SO question Can't install ATI proprietary drivers in 12.10.

13.04

27 July 2013 - fglrx does not work. sigh

Notes

What packages are currently installed? dpkg -l fglrx*

$ dpkg -l fglrx*
un  fglrx          <none>         (no description available)
un  fglrx-amdcccle <none>         (no description available)
ii  fglrx-amdcccle 2:8.911-0ubunt Catalyst Control Center for the AMD graphics
un  fglrx-control  <none>         (no description available)
un  fglrx-control- <none>         (no description available)
un  fglrx-driver   <none>         (no description available)
un  fglrx-kernel-s <none>         (no description available)
un  fglrx-modalias <none>         (no description available)
ii  fglrx-updates  2:8.911-0ubunt Video driver for the AMD graphics accelerato

What do the various dpkg flags like 'ii' 'rc' mean?

Confirm the drivers are working fglrxinfo

$ fglrxinfo
display: :0  screen: 0
OpenGL vendor string: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
OpenGL renderer string: AMD Radeon HD 6300M Series
OpenGL version string: 4.2.11733 Compatibility Profile Context

For Catalyst <=11.11 with gnome <=3.2 Expect screen flickering and system hangs.
AMD Catalyst Proprietary Display Driver - Linux x86 & Linux x86_64
Get device information: lspci or verbose lspci -vv


remove a whole line with a specific string followed by an allcaps word

You can do that using sed and it is very basic question what you are asking.

  man sed

will give you the clue.

here is the full command for what you are looking for:

sed -i '/^[A-Z][A-Z]/d' file

Sed checks inside of given file and if there is more than 1 upper case sequentially it will delete the entire line.

I think this is what you have asked, otherwise pls re-formulate the question and be more specific.


Black screen when trying to run the liveCD or install on an Acer 5742z

I've had lots of issues with different hardware on the new installers. I find a lot are linked to ACPI/APIC.

Try starting the installation with the boot options modified to disable APIC first (apic=off), and then if unsuccessful, ACPI (acpi=off).

Check this article for more info.


How to add DNS server in icinga/nagios server on ubuntu?

It sounds like you need to re-think your network Topology find an IP range that works for your hardware and assign all devices individual Static IP's generally speaking only clients should use Dynamic convention unless all devices are dynamic.


Are there any AWS S3 browser for ubuntu 20.04?

You can browse by CLI using Rclone, it's a great open-source way to link cloud services with on device files, it can serve an experimental web GUI or you can mount the bucket as a folder


Is troubleshooting AppArmor with 'teardown' unsafe?

Here's what I was thinking of (from https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DebuggingApparmor ) -- "complain mode" .  This doesn't address the issue of relative merits or consequences of this versus other debugging methods.

  When debugging, it may also be useful
  to put apparmor into 'complain' mode.
  This will allow your application to
  function normally while apparmor
  reports accesses that are not in the
  profile. To enable 'complain' mode,
  use:

sudo aa-complain /path/to/bin

  where '/path/to/bin' is the absolute
  path to the binary, as reported in the
  'profile=...' portion of the 'audit'
  entry. Eg:

sudo aa-complain /usr/sbin/slapd

  To re-enable enforcing mode, use
  'aa-enforce' instead:

sudo aa-enforce /path/to/bin

  To disable a profile:

sudo touch /etc/apparmor.d/disable/path.to.bin
sudo apparmor_parser -R /etc/apparmor.d/path.to.bin

When troubleshooting then, if there is something broken that appears to be related to a spooky permissions problem ('Hmm, looks like access control, but it's not a Unix permissions problem, or an NFS issue, or PAM issue, or a media mounting goof, etc. -- perhaps it's AppArmor.'), Kees Cook points out  that best course of action is too check your system logs.  Notably, per Kees Cook, "the output of dmesg will report all AppArmor denials, and will include the profile."


I tried a little but now i get some problem setting the server, seeing this using strongswan or wireguard you should.And this is what says https://github.com/trailofbits/algo/blob/master/docs/client-linux.md :
(Gnome) Network Manager configuration
In this example we'll assume the IP of our Algo VPN server is 1.2.3.4 and the user we created is user-name.

Go to Settings > Network
Add a new Network (+ bottom left of the window)
Select IPsec/IKEv2 (strongswan)
Fill out the options:
    Name: your choice, e.g.: ikev2-1.2.3.4
    Gateway:
        Address: IP of the Algo VPN server, e.g: 1.2.3.4
        Certificate: cacert.pem found at /path/to/algo/configs/1.2.3.4/cacert.pem
    Client:
        Authentication: Certificate/Private key
        Certificate: user-name.crt found at /path/to/algo/configs/1.2.3.4/pki/certs/user-name.crt
        Private key: user-name.key found at /path/to/algo/configs/1.2.3.4/pki/private/user-name.key
    Options:
        Check Request an inner IP address, connection will fail without this option
        Optionally check Enforce UDP encapsulation
        Optionally check Use IP compression
        For the later 2 options, hover to option in the settings to see a description
    Cipher proposal:
        Check Enable custom proposals
        IKE: aes256gcm16-prfsha512-ecp384,aes256-sha2_512-prfsha512-ecp384,aes256-sha2_384-prfsha384-ecp384
        ESP: aes256gcm16-ecp384,aes256-sha2_512-prfsha512-ecp384
Apply and turn the connection on, you should now be connected


Application specific environment variable settings

Use the env command:

env GDK_NATIVE_WINDOWS=1 emacs

and you can alias this as before:

alias emacs="env GDK_NATIVE_WINDOWS=1 emacs"


Moving a pop-up application window moves main window on Ubuntu 20.04

This happens because the pop-up windows are attached to the main window
This can be prevented for some applications using Gnome Tweaks Tool.
Install it using
sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

Then go to the Windows section and turn off Attach Modal Dialogs


delete, arrows, and backspace not working in terminal when PWD is long

You are most likely using more limited shell like sh currently. You can check this with

cat /etc/passwd | grep $USER

which will print you your config with the bash you are using at the end of the line. My guess your is /bin/sh

If you want to use more features, switch your shell to /bin/bash (or even other options like zsh if you have it) using chsh command.

you should have no issues with those keys with /bin/bash (I don't)


Does siftware updater update only the current version of Ubuntu on the machine?

Yes.
The key is whichever version you have booted.
When the software updater presents itself on the screen of the booted OS, that software updater belongs to the actively running OS, therefore it will take care of only that one.


Bash dialog command -- why don't bottom and right borders respect dialogrc colors?

In addition to border_color, you should also set border2_color. If you want them to use the same colors, you can simply add the following line to your .dialogrc file:
border2_color = border_color

This should be done for any other borders you customize, too. For example:
menubox_border_color = (RED,BLACK,OFF)
menubox_border2_color = menubox_border_color


Cannot boot after installing Ubuntu - Do not have access to any system

Make a bootable drive of windows and after booting from the pendrive select repair your computer and then advance option then select command promt then run the commands
Bootrec /fixmbr
Bootrec /fixboot
Bootrec /rebuildbcd
It will possibly make your windows boot

If not try installing ubuntu again with custom installation option and format the partion where you want to install ubuntu in ext4 format nad bootpoint type / that’s all.
I recommend you to install ubuntu in other drive partition than windows


pip install virtualenv, error on ubuntu 15.04

Did you recently install the latest version of the python-package requests?

That one is incompatible with the old pip version shipped with Ubuntu!

You need to reinstall the current version of pip and everything will be fine:

sudo easy_install pip

Or if you have those issues with Python3:

sudo easy_install3 pip

You should always keep your python packages up to date with the current versions from PyPI (using pip or its ancestor easy_install while pip is broken) instead of using apt-get, as the Ubuntu repositories are pretty much behind the state of art.

Use sudo pip install --upgrade INSERTNAMEOFPYTHONPACKAGEHERE for every package you use to get an up-to-date environment.


How to install Nvidia driver in Ubuntu 18.04?

Determine the latest version of Nvidia driver available for your graphics card

Visit the graphics drivers PPA homepage here and determine the
latest versions of Nvidia drivers
Verify that your graphics card is capable of running the latest
drivers.

If your graphic is supported, you can go ahead and remove all previously installed Nvidia drivers on your system. Enter the following command in terminal.

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*

Add the graphics drivers PPA

Let us go ahead and add the graphics-driver PPA -

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers

sudo apt-get update

Install (and activate) the latest Nvidia graphics drivers. Enter the following command to install the version of Nvidia graphics supported by your graphics card -

sudo apt-get install nvidia-XXXX

OR

sudo apt-get install nvidia-driver-xxxxx

(xxxx - is the Supported Version for your Nvidia driver)

Reboot your computer for the new driver to kick-in. You can check your installation status with the following command

lsmod | grep nvidia

If there is no output, then your installation has probably failed. It is also possible that the driver is not available in your system's driver database. You can run the following command to check if your system is running on the open-source driver nouveau. If the output is negative for nouveau, then all is well with your installation.

lsmod | grep nouveau

This is my terminal output of Nvidia Drivers.

devansh@varshney:~$ nvidia-smi
Wed Apr 24 01:14:16 2019
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 418.56       Driver Version: 418.56       CUDA Version: 10.1     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce 940MX       Off  | 00000000:01:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| N/A   52C    P5    N/A /  N/A |    254MiB /  2004MiB |      0%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
|  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|    0      3975      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                           108MiB |
|    0      4002      G   /usr/lib/firefox/firefox                       1MiB |
|    0      4350      G   /usr/bin/gnome-shell                         137MiB |
|    0      5204      G   /usr/lib/firefox/firefox                       1MiB |
|    0     24924      G   /usr/lib/firefox/firefox                       1MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+


Have tried every boot mode on my computer, now what?

Okay well nevermind guys I got the answer I needed after even more crazy things happened. In the end I got the dude at the customer service to tell me that the computer that I have is basically useless without Windows 10 and that all the problems that I've been having basically stem from me not having installed that OS in the first place, and that until I install it l'll probably only run into problems using it with any other OSes so. Yeah, if someone wants an overpriced locked-down laptop that will only run Windows 10 you know where to find me.


WiFi not connecting after upgrading to 17.04

Miraculously, a user from omgubuntu.co.uk had written a comment in one of their articles announcing the release of 17.04 that fixed this issue. The comment is as follows:

  wifi and networkmanager

  The new NetworkManager release 1.4.0 adds new features to change the
  current MAC address of your Ethernet or Wi-Fi card (spoofing/cloning).
  As a debian "sid" user i understand that being on bleeding edge,
  sometimes new features and configs can be Incompatible with my machine
  hardware!!! Now being a ubuntu user i can see that ubuntu is losing
  his "user friendly" name and no more care for desktop users! This was
  an unacceptable default config on Ubuntu's best days! Ubuntu haters
  and criticists must be happy now!

  fix it

  edit the /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf file

  And add:

[device] wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no

  Restart the networkmanager service and use your wireless connection
  :)"

I found that applying his fix by opening a Terminal and typing "sudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf", adding the text he described, then rebooting my machine fixed the issue.

That being said, this default behavior is still a major bug and breaks functionality of wi-fi hardware for users, and definitely needs to be looked at. Thanks for your time!


I keep getting this request for a Yahoo Messenger Buddy on empathy same person every time I log in?

I also faced the same problem. Please file a bug in empathy by running this command in a terminal:

  ubuntu-bug empathy


Unfortunately I can't provide any more information, but my problem simply went away after rebooting.  Maybe it was a bug in VMWare.


There are so many ways to do this :-)

1 of them I have seen used at my office is ftp-upload .

Basically you set up a script and let cron do all the hard work.

Advantage of this is that it works with any program you code with: all it requires is that you save it in the location the ftp-upload script is checking for files.

We use PCs to edit files, save them on our own server so we can check our internal webserver (basically it's the Nautilus mounting method you approved) and update our remote webserver with this script at 18:00.


How can I read information set with setpci?

I solved this with a thorough rtfm-ing of man setpci:

  ...you should append a width specifier .B, .W, or .L to choose how many bytes (1, 2, or 4) should be transferred.


Is typescript for `script` command the same as TypeScript maintained by Microsoft? How to print using `ldr`?

Take a look at the man script:

  SYNOPSIS

 script [-a] [-c command] [-e] [-f] [-q] [-t[=file]] [-V] [-h] [file]

Notice that last [file] part. By default, if you simply run script  without specifying where to store the file, it will save everything to a file called typescript. By contrast, if you run script somefilename everything will be saved to somefilename.

Now if we run file command on typescript to determine the file's type, we get this:

$ file typescript
typescript: ASCII text, with CRLF, CR, LF line terminators, with escape sequences, with overstriking

As you can see, you've got simple text document there that is in no way related to Microsoft's TypeScript. Even more so, since this is a simple text document you should be able to print it with lpr command easily.

Word of caution though, if you have output of ls --color -F there, you might run into trouble, because ls adds special characters to colorize the files based on their type. Thus using simple \ls or dir is recommended


As far as I know, you can only run one VPN using Network Manager. I have to run two VPNs (openvpn) at work, too. I connect to the first with Network Manager and to the second using a terminal. I have installed the byobu terminal emulator for this, because you can detach the vpn session from it (using the F6 key).


Thunderbird says my inbox is 80% full; ISP says no limit. What gives?

It is unlikely that your ISP really has given you an unlimited inbox. Perhaps they've assigned a certain size and will increase it as needed if you use up what they give. If your inbox starts taking up several gigabytes or so, I'd expect for your ISP to talk to you about your usage.


Dell XPS 13 9360 (i7 8550u) cannot recognize my logitech m590 bluetooth mouse

After some research, I have come to the conclusion that Logitech m590 does not work with Linux natively. On their product spec page it says that only the receiver works with Linux kernel 2.6. Here's the link to the page:

https://support.logitech.com/en_us/article/Compatible-operating-systems-for-the-M585-Multi-Device-and-M590-Multi-Device-Silent


how to use additional partition space for downloading upates

You should look at it the other way around: find your personal files and put those on the 2nd disk. Since it is a /mnt it will be external, if it is ntfs it is useless for Linux except for storing your personal files. The Linux system itself needs it to be ext.

Don't move /home/ itself to an external partition. You can also link the directories in /home/ to the external disk (move the normal directories in /home/$USER/ to the external disk and from command line do ln -s Desktop /mnt/Desktop for every directory and after doing Desktop press F5 on your desktop; the icons should refresh). Make sure though the external disk is  mounted during boot otherwise you will see nothing on your desktop.

If you still lack space after moving documents and downloads from for instance /home/ to that partition it might be worth while investing in a bigger or a second internal hard disk.


Ubuntu on a live cd wont let me access the installed HDD

Not sure why it would deny you access now that you have it mounted. What you can do is unmount it a mount it again with read/write permission.
Something like

sudo umount /media/DRIVE_NAME
sudo mount -o rw,remount /dev/DISK_PARTITION /media/DRIVE_NAME

In some cases I've noticed that even though I'm able to access the partition, see the files, and open them, I am still not allows to write to them. A hackish workaround would also be to open nautilus as root

sudo nautilus

Although in that scenario you are not really fixing the problem but going around it, if you need constant access to the partition you probably want to look under /etc/fstab and understand the line about the partition you are trying to access.

Hope this helps!


Bash script not working properly when run automatically

Anything not in your home folder needs root permission to execute for sake of security in case of multi-user systems. Place the proxy settings script in the home folder inside a special folder, say ~/commands. Add this line PATH=$PATH:~/commands in .bashrc

  echo 'PATH=$PATH:~/commands' >> .bashrc

Now, every time you run setproxy like any other command, like ls or date, proxy will be set. Just add sudo inside the script to avoid permission clashing.

Alternatively 1 :

This forum explains about Upstart which is quite simple to use.

Alternatively 2 :

Just enable root account on your system and always use that.
Warning : This is dangerous for the system in case you are not familiar with the system functioning, you tend to make silly or sloppy mistakes or for some reason are distracted and unknowingly make a mistake.


mate-panel: Finding auto-hide in dconf editor

This appears to be a problem with your Ubuntu version, your MATE installation, or your Dconf Editor. This is MATE 1.16.0 on Ubuntu 16.10, with Dconf Editor 3.20.3.

For me, the auto-hide key is present in dconf-editor.


bash and c - 2 processes in concurrency to write a file

What you can do is an old UNIX trick, which is the fact that a file rename operation at least in a standard UNIX filesystem is atomic.

Here is what you can do:

Have a single file that is being written to, say output.
The filename would take 3 different forms:

"output" - the actual file
"output.script1" - the filename that is meant for script 1 to write
"output.script2" - filename meant for script2 to write.

Each script will have a mechanism to wait for a file and then pick it up and write to it.
For example, in script 1:

script1.sh:

function check_for_file {
    local file=$1
    if [[ -f "$1" ]];then
        return 1
    else
        return 0
    fi
}

function wait_for_file {
    local file=$1
    while (( `check_for_file $file` == 0 ))
    do
        # sleep 1 second and check again
        sleep 1
    done
}

# MAIN

# pass 1:
wait_for_file "output.script1"
# got file now
echo "whatever you need to write for pass 1" >> output.script
# done with first write, pass file to second script
mv "output.script1" "output.script2"
wait_for_file

# pass 2: do what I need to do for pass 2
# ... etc

The same script mechanism can then be used for script 2. Just make sure in script 2 you rename it from script2.

Then have the following:

in your C program, you can create the output file first and write whatever you need first (i.e. fopen("output", "w")). And write to it if you need. Close the file pointer.
Launch the scripts in the background. (system call that you have)
Rename the file "output" to "output.script1" and the script 1 will pick it up.


This is not a complete answer, as there is not really enough info to give one, but hope it helps.

The list of things which could be interfering are:

Firewall on Server blocking outbound traffic
Firewall on Laptop blocking inbound traffic
Firewall on Router / Network device blocking traffic
Improper NAT setup on LAN where laptop is.
Improper permissions on laptop desktop session files. Desktops are picky...

That is a start, and unless you can rule them out, probably a portion of what is stopping you. I would also give a read over this answer posted by Paul Hänsch - Run application on local machine and show GUI on remote display


How can i install the latest Ubuntu and delete Cent OS?

It's a while back since I last did something like that. Back then I wanted to run my servers with Gentoo instead of $anyotherlinux and this is roughly how I did it:

FOLLOWING THIS YOU MAY BREAK THE SYSTEM, BE CAUTIOUS AND PROCEED ON YOUR OWN RISK!

Removed the swap partition and created an ext4 partition in its place
Bootstrapped a basic linux with sshd to the former swap partition and reconfigured grub to boot from that partition
Reboot from the intermediate linux
Repartition the rest of the disk
Mount all partitions in the desired layout (/, /boot, /tmp, /var, /etc)
Bootstrap my target linux distribution into the newly created partitions and install sshd
Reconfigure grub to boot from the newly created linux system and reboot
Remove the intermediate linux partition and re-create a swap partition in its place.

Having VNC at hand is very helpful in this process in case you need to change the grub entry or even forgot to install sshd on some point.

Some hosters provide their customers with rescue-systems which are basically live-images to boot the system from. Using that would spare you the hassle of going through a intermediate linux in your swap partition.


How to update aria2 to latest version 1.18?

Add this PPA:

ppa:t-tujikawa/ppa

Description of repository


As per this article:

  In April 2014, Canonical announced that the cloud storage and
  synchronization features would be shut down at the end of July 31 of
  2014, leaving the sign-on features intact.[4]

It would appear you need to find other cloud services for backup.

The same article lists other services that might interest you:

  The Ubuntu One service was similar to services such as Microsoft
  OneDrive, iCloud, Dropbox, Google Play Music, Amazon Cloud Player. Its
  client code was written in Python. It used Twisted for its low-level
  networking and Protocol Buffers for protocol description. Data was
  synced over a custom protocol called "u1storage", and stored on Amazon
  S3.[8]


Why do I get no option to boot either Ubuntu or Windows after UBUNTU 12.1 installation for a dual boot (PC automatically loads windows xp sp3)?

Take a look at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair. Sometimes the installer cannot properly place the GRUB (first-level boot menu) on the hard disk. Repairing it is often as simple as running the Boot-Repair tool.


how to enable concurrent remote session for Ubuntu server 18.04?

Just an idea here... You might want to check if there are some limits defined in the following file

  /etc/security/limits.conf

If you have something like maxlogins value set to less that your connection, that might be your issue....

Adjusting this value to a higher one should allow you to perform more connection....

Again, this is just an idea....

Hope this help
Till next time
See ya


puppetserver package not present in xenial and bionic repo

The Puppet daemon is puppetmaster.service
puppetmaster can be found in the universe repositories for Xenial and Bionic

If needed, see How to add Universe repo from CLI

Then install the puppet-master package

sudo apt install puppet-master


Nothing happens when I close my laptop lid or press the power button (Kubuntu 14.04.3, Thinkpad X250)

I upgraded to Kubuntu 15.10. Now, closing the laptop lid is correctly handled (the action I select in the System Settings of KDE is performed).

However, the power button is not yet functional.


The DebPackage is located on there website Here

How to Install COMODO AntiVirus

If your on 32bit run these commands.

Download COMDO AntiVirus with the following command:

wget http://download.comodo.com/cavmgl/download/installs/1000/standalone/cav-linux_1.1.268025-1_i386.deb

Install COMDO with the following command:

sudo dpkg -i cav-linux_1.1.268025-1_i386.deb

If you are on 64bit run these commands

Download COMDO AntiVirus with the following command:

wget http://download.comodo.com/cavmgl/download/installs/1000/standalone/cav-linux_1.1.268025-1_amd64.deb

Install COMDO with the following command:

sudo dpkg -i cav-linux_1.1.268025-1_amd64.deb

oh if you want on-access scanning you need to
Download Driver.tar

wget http://download945.mediafire.com/1do17tbb4pug/qpg2s4bimd1ig57/driver.tar

and then copy driver.tar to /opt/COMODO/

sudo cp driver.tar /opt/COMODO/

and then run (press q to agree to license )

sudo /opt/COMODO/post_setup.sh


lenovo C340 - how to install remote control driver for ubuntu

There are no official Ubuntu driver releases for this product (I have only found drivers for Windows on lenovo's website). So my advice is to reinstall windows, or try to find ubuntu drivers for your remote. But I doubt, that any would exist.


Wubi Windows installer downloads wrong Ubuntu image

Whether your windows installation is 32-bit or 64-bit does not matter for Ubuntu since it's not dependent on windows. Do not get confused by the amd word in amd64, it's just a marketing name that refers to the same architecture: 64-bit (well, I may not be fully technically correct here, but you can expect an amd64 Ubuntu image to run on Intel machines). i386 is used for 32-bit  stuff. If Wubi detects that you've a 64-bit capable processor, it downloads the 64-bit version.

If you really want to force the installation of a 32-bit image, see How do I force Wubi to download and install 32 bit version?


You have to change the Update mode.

Your system only looking for "LTS" version, so 14.10 is Normal release. There is settings in Ubuntu where can change this version type and mark it to Normal Release. After that you will get the update notification.

This link will help you - http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/10/upgrade-ubuntu-14-04-to-14-10


Wifi Hard Blocked After Suspend in Ubuntu on GS65

I have found another work-around for this, although it's not perfect.  Whilst airplane mode still will turn itself on and stay on after a suspend, at least this enables the hardware key fn+F10 to allow you to get it back working again. Upon resume just double tap that key combo as quick as you like and you're back online.

To enable fn+F10 add this line to your grub config in /etc/default/grub:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="acpi_osi=! acpi_osi='Windows 2009' quiet splash"

To take effect, the grub configuration must be re-baked. You can achieve this by running the following command:

sudo update-grub

(Updated after reading the comments below)


Once you have installed the calibre package, you can use the GUI, but if you want to script it, there is also a command line converter installed as part of the calibre package - ebook-convert (docs). The simplest way to call it would be:

ebook-convert document.pdf .mobi

which will convert the pdf into MOBI format with the same name. That should "just work" but if you want to go deeper then see the detailed documentation on conversion.

Note that Calibre supports lots of formats, not just MOBI, for both input and output.


Just found a workaround (I bound ctrl + backslash to play/pause media): in lock screen I have to hit backslash twice to make it work. However I am not sure if it is a bug or feature.


Unable to resolve "E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages."

It looks like that version of npm isn't supported any more, updating node (and npm with it) resolved the issue.

First, uninstall the outdated version (optional, but I think this fixed an issue I was having with global modules not being pathed in).

sudo apt-get purge nodejs npm

Then install from Chris Lea's repo:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y python-software-properties
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chris-lea/node.js
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nodejs


To change the system font color of the Ambiance theme from gray to black, you can edit these three files:

/usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc
/usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/settings.ini
/usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/gtk.css

In these files change

text_color:#3C3C3C     to   text_color:#000000

fg_color:#4c4c4c        to   fg_color:#000000

This should greatly improve contrast and make applications' menu and dialog text much easier to read.


packages reuse when upgrading Ubuntu 12.04 to Ubuntu 14.04

Is it possible to copy directly the downloaded packages into the other machine to less the upgrading process?

You can in theory copy the *.deb files from /var/cache/apt/archives/ from one computer to the other, as that is the cache for downloaded packages.  Then it should be able to install the matching packages on the other PC without re-downloading, as long as they are the same version and same architecture.

The only reason this may not be possible is if for some reason this cache has been purged already (eg with the likes of apt-get clean).


Problem installing Steam in a fresh installation

You need to add 32bit architecture to Your system

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

For Your 2nd issue, please do:

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update

Following @TrailRider comment, please try to change mirror of Your repositories or try to generate new ones, You can use this web to speed things up:

https://repogen.simplylinux.ch/


Problems with installation stuck on 5 dot screen

How long have you left it there? On my computer it takes several minutes (probably 2-3 at least) to complete the 5 dot screen. Perhaps just leave it there for a half hour and see how it goes.


Please visit http://downloadarchive.documentfoundation.org/libreoffice/old/ for older versions.

There are .deb files there. However, it's possible that there maybe some conflicts over dependencies. So you'd be on your own.


Use rufus https://rufus.akeo.ie/ and try installing from there


How to use UPSTART feature of ubuntu to restart the python script but not as root?

You can use setuid.

  6.31   setuid

  Added in Upstart v1.4

  Syntax:

setuid <username>

  Changes to the user  before running the job's process.

(and setgid if you want a group).

You can also add -u <username> to exec.


A right-click on the panel (taskbar) opens a menu. Choose Panel > Panel Preferences... and the panel preferences window will open. In this window choose the Items-tab, look for the Power Manger Plugin and remove it with a click on the --button.