You can use bash read command in order to get several parameters from the user.

The below example was taken from bash input tutorial

The below script read 3 input parameters in one read command and use those 3 unique parameters later in the script.

cars.sh script

#!/bin/bash
# Demonstrate how read actually works
echo What cars do you like?
read car1 car2 car3
echo Your first car was: $car1
echo Your second car was: $car2
echo Your third car was: $car3

Terminal execution:

./cars.sh
What cars do you like?
Jaguar Maserati Bentley
Your first car was: Jaguar
Your second car was: Maserati
Your third car was: Bentley
./cars.sh
What cars do you like?
Jaguar Maserati Bentley Lotus
Your first car was: Jaguar
Your second car was: Maserati
Your third car was: Bentley Lotus


There are many people running they Linux including Ubuntu, along side their Windows and have no problem in using NTFS.

The most common problem you might face is that you cannot mount it for Read/Write if you hibernate in Windows (in case of Windows 10, both fast boot and hibernation should be disabled)

You don't need to be worried if you are not going to do something special which needs file permission, you can use your NTFS partitions normally in your Ubuntu.

To know about how to mount, of course you need to go thtough regular procedure. There is no major difference. Usually Ubutnu can automatically detect the format and mount it properly.

Till now, I haven't seen any cases other than what I mentioned above that you cannot mount your NTFS pertitions. Yet, you can ask a separate question and share details (like error you got while mounting) so someone can help you to sort it out. There is no difference between mounting a partition in live or fully installed Ubuntu


How to add a folder to a playlist in Banshee?

You can do this using Banshee's “smart playlist“ feature:

Add a new smart playlist (Media → New Smart Playlist…)
Choose “File Location“ and “Starts With“ as a criterion
Enter the name of your folder. Note that it has to be a proper URL, i.e. something like /home/user/Music/Favorites/
Then add the folders by Media-Import Media

The advantage of such a “smart” playlist is that it dynamically adapts, so you can simply drop new files into that folder and they will appear in the playlist.


Dell Inpsiron 15 running Ubuntu 15 runs hot and battery drains fast

Windows defaults to some sort of "balanced" power plan. You may be running performance in Ubuntu.

You might try indicator-cpufreq package which is available for Ubuntu 15.04 here: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/vivid/+package/indicator-cpufreq and for 15.10 here: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/wily/+source/indicator-cpufreq.

You may also find Tips to extend battery life for laptops and notebooks helpful.


Disk full error while installing linux-image-4.10.0-33-generic

Have you check /boot partition size as well as inode usage because here clearly mention that failed to write (No space left on device), first check this.

After trying

sudo apt-get update –fix-missing

and

sudo dpkg –configure -a

and

sudo apt-get install -f

the problem of a broken package still exist the solution is to edit the dpkg status file manually.

$ sudo nano /var/lib/dpkg/status    (you can use vim or gedit instead of nano)

Locate the corrupt package, and remove the whole block of information about it and save the file.

You can list broken packages :

dpkg -l | grep ^..r

r state (on the third field) means: reinst-required (package broken, re-installation required)


Corrupted grub, cannot boot nor use boot-repair

Your fstab-file is broken, your boot-info-summary shows the content of /etc/fstab in line 465-470 as

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/dev/cdrom  /media/cdrom    iso9660 noauto,ro 0 0
/dev/usbdisk    /media/usb  vfat    noauto,ro 0 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

This does not look like a correct fstab-file.
As you can mount the partition, you can rebuild this file. To get the correct device UUID's take a look at line 64 and 65:

/dev/sda1        afd8ae45-a329-445c-b4d5-5bb51031e197 ext4
/dev/sda5        ad5b64c5-4247-4331-853d-e162d49b4963   swap

Using this information, your fstab-file should look like this:

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system>                       <mount point> <type>   <options>          <dump>  <pass>
UUID=afd8ae45-a329-445c-b4d5-5bb51031e197    /       ext4    errors=remount-ro    0       1
UUID=ad5b64c5-4247-4331-853d-e162d49b4963    none    swap    sw                   0       0

So you need to mount the partition sda1 and then edit the file /path/to/mountpoint/etc/fstab. You will need root privileges to do so. With corrected fstab your system should be fine to boot normally.

Another caeveat I see is in the lines 621,622 in your boot-info-summary. To get rid of the entry recordfail=1 in /boot/grub/grubenv you could simply rename this file to /boot/grub/grubenv.bak, a fresh file can be recreated when the system is running with sudo grub-editenv /boot/grub/grubenv create. If this doesn't help, the original file can be renamed back to it's former name.

I think it doesn't make sense to run boot-repair again, boot-repair reports no errors when installing the boot-loader (lines 842,843). It looks like the culprit is something what boot-repair isn't able to repair.

I can't tell you, where Alpine Linux comes from, we can also find it in the boot-info-summary at line 20. Take a look at /etc/issue.

  I tried removing it but corrupted GRUB

It would be very helpful if you can tell us what you have done to remove it.


how do I diagnose why a process is starting?

Because this doesn't seem to be that common a problem, and to resolve this after all this time, I'm answering my own question – turns out that the process was being started in /etc/rc.local, which was really stupid of me (and it's also fairly stupid that I didn't think to check there).

So, if there's any lesson to be learned here, it's to enumerate every possible way a fault can occur and then check the possibilities one by one, no matter how stupid, and no matter whether or not you think you already checked there.


Have you tried reinstalling the GNOME Software Center?
sudo apt-get remove gnome-software

sudo apt-get install gnome-software*


It would seem from the info provided you are trying to boot from a thumb drive with simply just Ubuntu on it.

You will need to make the thumb-drive bootable, and Ubuntu correctly installed onto the thumb-drive.

The easiest way to do this is use UUI. This will do all the command line hard-work for you in a flash.

Simply download UUI - Universal USB Installer, and follow the very simple GUI to install Ubuntu onto the thumb-drive. Simple as 1, 2, 3!

You may THEN boot from the drive and install Ubuntu with ease.

UUI Website: http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/


Unable to log in to Cinnamon session 18.04

I was facing the same problem.

Try out the solution here : Cinnamon session crashing login from greeter

It worked perfectly for me. Seems gnome-user-share was the problem.


How can I merge two spell checker dictionaries?

In Chrome it's very simple - go to "chrome://settings/languages" and click on "Add"

In Firefox it's easy to select and add single dictionaries by right clicking on a textarea field (text input with multiple lines) by selecting "Check Spelling" and under "Languages" click on "Add Dictionaries".  Unfortunately it won't allow you to select more than one language.  But you can hack together a new dictionary yourself if you're comfortable with editing files.  You can find the dictionaries by running this from your home directory:

% find ~/.mozilla/firefox -iname *.dic

Then you want to combine the contents of the .dic and the .aff files into one of the dictionaries (save a backup).  The first line of the .dic file is a count of all the words (# lines minus 1), so you need to update that in the new file.  Note that you won't want to update the modified dictionary in the future (unless you made a mistake and need to fix it) and if your default dictionary doesn't show up in that list, then just add it as you would any other language so you can get the dictionary files.

For "system-wide" it really depends on what dictionary the application is using.  Larger apps like Chrome and Firefox tend to maintain their own dictionaries.


How to setup Eclipse and Java JDK w/ Java-FX

Try to follow these steps.
Download the Oracle JDK from this page, if you have a 64-bit machine select the file jdk-8u121-linux-x64.tar.gz. Now open your terminal emulator and extract it (the downloaded file should be in /home/your_username/Downloads):

$ cd /home/your_username/Downloads/
$ tar -xvf jdk-8u121-linux-x64.tar.gz

Move the extracted folder in /usr/lib:

$ sudo mv jdk1.8.0_121 /usr/lib

Create a symbolic link to the java command:

$ sudo ln -sv /usr/lib/jdk1.8.0_121/bin/java /usr/bin/java

To check the Java installation run the command

$ java -version

If it prints the Java version and others information then you have correctly installed it, you can proceed with the Eclipse installation.
To install the latest Eclipse version you have to go to this page and download the archive file. Now these steps are similar to the previous:

$ cd /home/your_username/Downloads
$ tar -xvf eclipse-java-neon-3-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz
$ sudo mv eclipse /opt
$ sudo ln -sv /opt/eclipse/eclipse /usr/local/bin/eclipse

Now you can execute the command eclipse and Eclipse with Java will start.


I can't install Canon Pixma MG2520 Printer with Ubuntu 12.04LTS 64bit

Hope this'll help a bit.Post back if not!

http://support-asia.canon-asia.com/contents/ASIA/EN/0301264001.html


There are couple of things wrong here:

you create user john and then you do nothing with this user any more
You are adding keys to YOUR user
remote user who needs to login here needs the private key from ssh keypair on the machine from which he is connecting
there is no need to restart ssh service after adding keys

What you need on client side

user generates ssh keypair and provides you public key of this keypair
(ssh-keygen ...; cat id_rsa.pub)

What you need on server side is

add user john
add the public key provided by user to ~john/.ssh/authorized_keys
(echo id_rsa.pub_provided_by_remote_user >> ~john/.ssh/authorized_keys)


First you must install vlan
sudo apt-get install vlan

load kernel module
sudo modprobe 8021q

Create a new interface that is a member of a specific VLAN, VLAN id 100
We use the physical interface eth0 in this example.
This command will add an additional interface next to the interfaces which have been configured already
sudo vconfig add eth0 100

Assign an address to the new interface:
sudo ip addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev eth0.100

To make this setup permanent. Add the module to the kernel on boot
sudo bash -c 'echo "8021q" >> /etc/modules'

Create the interface and make it available when the system boots. Add the following lines to /etc/network/interfaces
auto eth0.100
iface eth0.100 inet dhcp
    vlan-raw-device eth0


How can I tunnel whole system through HTTP proxy?

Please try to elaborate a bit please.
As I reads this you could setup a HAProxy acting opposite than usual in TCP mode, connecting to the actual proxy in your network. HAProxy honours and respects the proxy_protocol so it could do this seamlessly. Other possibility is to set up a local Squid Proxy catching everything and forwarding it to the other proxy.

Both of these solutions can work as invisible and you would not need to configure anything in any apps. However a setup like that is not default.


Find the difference value between the longest time and shortest time of the same variable?

it's me again, the guy with the huge awk one-line commands... This one is even longer:
awk -F, 'BEGIN{print"\"Source\",\"Duration Time\""}NR>1{gsub(/"/,"",$2);split($2,hms,":");s=hms[1]*3600+hms[2]*60+hms[3];if(!(($1,"MAX")in a)||a[$1,"MAX"]<s)a[$1,"MAX"]=s;if(!(($1,"MIN")in a)||a[$1,"MIN"]>s)a[$1,"MIN"]=s}END{for(idx in a){split(idx,ipm,SUBSEP);if(ipm[2]=="MAX"){d=a[idx]-a[ipm[1],"MIN"];h=int(d/3600);m=int((d-h*3600)/60);s=d%60;printf("%s,\"%02d:%02d:%02d\"\n",ipm[1],h,m,s)}}}' fb.csv

With your given fb.csv input file from the question, the output looks like this:
"Source","Duration Time"
"157.240.10.23","00:00:12"
"157.240.10.18","00:00:00"
"157.240.10.13","00:00:00"
"10.0.138.163","00:00:37"
"192.168.137.174","00:00:42"

Explanation of the command:
We run awk like this here, setting the field separator that delimits columns to , and using the file fb.csv as input:
awk -F, '<COMMAND>' fb.csv

The awk command (placeholder <COMMAND> above) is this, after proper formatting:
BEGIN {
    print "\"Source\",\"Duration Time\""
}
NR>1 {
    gsub(/"/, "", $2)
    split($2, hms, ":")
    s = hms[1]*3600 + hms[2]*60 + hms[3]
    if ( !(($1,"MAX") in a) || a[$1,"MAX"] < s )
        a[$1,"MAX"] = s
    if ( !(($1,"MIN") in a) || a[$1,"MIN"] > s )
        a[$1,"MIN"] = s
}
END {
    for (idx in a) {
        split(idx, ipm, SUBSEP)
        if (ipm[2]=="MAX") {
            d = a[idx] - a[ipm[1],"MIN"]
            h = int(d / 3600)
            m = int((d - h * 3600) / 60)
            s = d%60
            printf("%s,\"%02d:%02d:%02d\"\n", ipm[1] ,h ,m ,s)
        }
    }
}

The BEGIN block simply prints the new CSV header.

The NR>1 block runs once per line in the input file, except for the first line which contains the header. Each line gets split into the IP column ($1) and the time column ($2).
We process the time column by stripping the quotes with gsub and splitting it at the colons into an array hms which contains the hours, minutes and seconds. This is used to convert the time stamp to seconds since midnight, stored in s in this block.
Next we check the associative array if it does not have an entry with the current line's IP yet or if the entry has smaller MAX or larger MIN time values, in which case it will be updated accordingly.

Finally, in the END block the created array gets evaluated and for each IP in it, the difference between the MAX and MIN time stamps is calculated and saved as d. This gets converted back into hours, minutes and seconds and outputted properly formatted.


How to Install Windows Alongside Ubuntu?

Installing Windows after Ubuntu is easy.  Just Install it as you normally would.  Windows give you the option of choosing the partition where you want to install it.  Choose the partition that has sufficient space and run your install.

After you do this it will boot to Windows.  You won't see Ubuntu.  You'll have to run a grub update procedure to get Ubuntu to boot again.

This isn't as complicated as it might seem.  The official ubuntu support site has the procedure here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows

While there are other boot managers I prefer Grub.  So I would recommend reinstalling grub after you install Windows.


Touchpad Indicator doesn't disable the touchpad

Edit this file...

In terminal...

gedit ~/.config/touchpad-indicator/touchpad-indicator.conf

and change:

"start_hidden": true

to:

"start_hidden": false


Is it possible to upgrade kernel of 14.04 LTS to v4.1.6(stable release)?

It is possible, but not recommended because it is not supported in current stable Ubuntu version (no security update etc...).

Run the following commands :

64 bits :

wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.1.6-unstable/linux-headers-4.1.6-040106_4.1.6-040106.201508170230_all.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.1.6-unstable/linux-headers-4.1.6-040106-generic_4.1.6-040106.201508170230_amd64.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.1.6-unstable/linux-image-4.1.6-040106-generic_4.1.6-040106.201508170230_amd64.deb

sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-4.1.6*.deb linux-image-4.1.6*.deb

32 bits : (your case)

wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.1.6-unstable/linux-headers-4.1.6-040106_4.1.6-040106.201508170230_all.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.1.6-unstable/linux-headers-4.1.6-040106-generic_4.1.6-040106.201508170230_i386.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.1.6-unstable/linux-image-4.1.6-040106-generic_4.1.6-040106.201508170230_i386.deb

sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-4.1.6*.deb linux-image-4.1.6*.deb


How to install 32 bit MS office 2010 on ubuntu 16.04 , 64 bit, with wine?

Although WINE is good at running windows apps, there are limitations.
Office is particularly fussy, especially Publisher.

http://winehq.org has a data base of setups for various applications.

For a 32-bit Office you will need a 32-bit wine prefix, and I would recommend using an older version of Office. Office2007 has the new file formats and probably has a better success in wine.

Office 2005 and older do not have the new formats but have an even better chance at success in wine.


CTRL, ALT and WINDOWS KEY work the same way as SHIFT

I think problem is with default anti-ghosting setting. I am using Mint 18.2 and I had same problem with MODECOM VOLCANO GAMER keyboard on my system. By default keyboard have 87 anti-ghosting keys enabled. After I switched to 6 anti-ghosting keys, it works like charm (Fn + SL | key between PS and PB, it has 6/104key label on it).


Making a specific root folder accessible to user

You can use chown to change ownership of a folder. For example, sudo chown stephen /media.

That being said, I think you can also mount the shared folder in your own home directory as well.


How to change IP address and IP location?

You can use Tor for this.
This link will help you get it installed: Installing Tor
To know more about Tor, check out: http://torproject.org

This is how Tor is officialy described:

  Tor is free software and an open network that helps you defend against
  a form of network surveillance that threatens personal freedom and
  privacy, confidential business activities and relationships, and state
  security known as traffic analysis


Installing Ubuntu on NUC8I7HNK headless?

If you don't plan on using the computer as a desktop machine, I would recommend installing Ubuntu Server. The server version of Ubuntu does not install video drivers (or anything X) out of the box.

Your system has a low-spec, but working, graphics subsystem on-board ("integrated") that will allow you to install Ubuntu Server from the installation media without any problems. On top of that, it has a second, separate, high-end video card ("discrete"). You don't need that to run Ubuntu Server, but it doesn't get in the way either. Typically, you enable / disable on-board graphics from the BIOS.

Should you, at a later time, decide you want to run a desktop environment, you just install ubuntu-desktop. This will come with X and install the necessary video drivers. That there is no separated video driver for your graphics card doesn't mean it doesn't work at all, only that some of the functionality may not be available. So perhaps wait until your system runs on Linux kernel 4.18 before you install a desktop environment if you want to be sure; if you don't game or edit videos, the card's "mostly working" will be enough.


Ubuntu 16.04.6 Desktop is not installing

Did you disable secure boot in windows 7? pls refer this video for the same - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qi4rOfpRugk

Also check your boot mode of windows 7, it will be either legacy or UEFI. Then make sure Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS is also of the same mode before installing.


How do I make my IP show up as that of my server?

If, after running the command

ssh -f -N -D 0.0.0.0:1080 localhost

you type

lynx whatismyip.org

you will see that the ssh did not change your IP address.  You may have to install lynx with the command

sudo apt-get install lynx

If you want to cloak your IP address you will have to connect to a proxy server that has a different IP address or connect through a VPN.

You don't say what my.vpn.ip.address is.  Of course you can't successfully spoof this.  If it's an actual VPN tunnel then that's the IP address that should be returned when checking your IP on a whatismyip web site.

The dynamic port you assigned is a listener.  A proxy server would have to have a registered IPv4 or IPv6 address that is reachable from the Internet.

You could install a squid server which would operate as a local proxy server but again, the identity of http requests would not be cloaked.  Creating a squid server seems to more closely answer your desire to set up a proxy.


No partitions showing during installation

You also have the 4 primary partition issue.
My laptop already has 4 primary partitions: how can I install Ubuntu?
Be sure to create recovery DVD(s) first as well as a Windows repair CD.
HP Tools Partition discussion
If you shrink Windows using Windows disk tools and backup HP tools. You can then use gparted to create one large extended partition and have many logical partitions. You can restore HP tools in one if you want. You can make a shared NTFS data partition if you want and you can install Ubuntu in / (root), swap and /home again if you want that as a separate partition.
Update:
If system was an Ultrabook it has Intel SRT which somehow uses RAID. You need to turn off the SRT and then remove the meta-data on both drives. If still booting Windows you can turn SRT back on and it should work.
sudo dmraid -E -r /dev/sda
sudo dmraid -E -r /dev/sdb

Some other issues can be dynamic or LDM partitions if you used Windows to create extra partitions, or left over gpt backup partition table where drive was gpt and you use Windows install in MBR mode.


Grub Isn't Showing Up After Dual Boot Windows Installation

I too had this problem. You should install windows first on your PC and then try to install Ubuntu, It works and you can access both the OS without problem


Problems with AMD driver for ATI Radeon HD 3870

Are you using the open-source Radeon driver that comes with Ubuntu or did you choose to install the propriatary one (by Running Software Sources and clicking on Additional Drivers tab)?

Also, the Unity interface does rely on your 3D and can slow down things a little for such an old graphics card, maybe trying Xubuntu or Lubuntu would help also...


Is it possible to copy Wubi install to another computer?

yup
1 . Install wubi in new pc
2 . Replace the ubuntu folder in the c:\ drive with ubuntu folder in the previous wubi installation
If it wont work backup the data and packages using aptoncd ,install fresh wubi , :)


How to force group ownership on samba share?

I was able to find the answer about ten minutes after posting this.
Source: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-server-73/ownership-on-new-files-in-group-samba-share-set-badly-898489/

chgrp storageusers /sharetest && chmod g+s /sharetest


Graphics Drivers do not show up on System Info or Additional Drivers

more simple to write here (:

so install mesa-utils

and also install DRIconf:
install from the software center:

and after that, change the "enable S3TC texture..." to YES as shown here:


Disallow any incoming connection but allow the only added iptables rules

Note before: You might need to allow some other things in for your computer to work properly. For example: Port 53, DNS stuff; Ports 67 and 68, DHCP stuff; Local loopback stuff.

Something like this might be what you are looking for:

sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --syn -s 147.0.0.0 --dport 5566 -m connlimit --connlimit-above 25 -j REJECT
sudo iptables -A INPUT REJECT

It allows local loopback interface stuff and will allow back replies to stuff that you initiated out.


Are there other gestures for the Synaptics Touchpad besides two-finger scrolling?

Touchegg is designed to bring multi-touch (touchpad) functionality to
  Linux based operating systems. In layman’s term, it is an open source
  multi-touch gesture recognizer for GNU/Linux which is backed by C++,
  Qt and uTouch-geis library. With TouchEgg, you can define what type of
  actions are to be initiated for a specific multi-touch gesture.
  Numerous actions can be assigned for multi-touch gestures such as
  maximizing or minimizing windows, resizing applications, switching to
  desktop view, etc. It requires uTouch and evedev libraries.

  Touchegg comes with some pre-enabled gestures, however gestures can be
  enabled by editing the config file. It allows  three-fingers pinch,
  two, three, four and five finger tap and two to four finger swipes.

How to install?

add this ppa,ppa:utouch-team/daily as,

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:utouch-team/daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install touchegg

Which gestures are supported?

check here

How to use?

config file location ~/.config/touchegg/touchegg.conf

The config file can be edited in the following way:

open config file.

gedit ~/.config/touchegg/touchegg.conf

get list of actions here

# THREE FINGERS DRAG
[THREE_FINGERS_DRAG_UP]
action=MAXIMIZE_RESTORE_WINDOW
settings=
[THREE_FINGERS_DRAG_DOWN]
action=MINIMIZE_WINDOW
settings=

Similarly, in the example below, the four finger drag gesture is configured to switch to the desktop display.

[FOUR_FINGERS_DRAG_DOWN]
action=SHOW_DESKTOP
settings=

With Touchegg, users can easily define multi-touch gestures in order to get the Mac like multi-touch experience on their Linux systems.

you can watch a brief demonstration video. here and here

I found also this one

though I haven't tried it.


How to use GNU Octave with Intel MKL from Ubuntu repositories, for faster scientific computation?

You have to install Octave with
sudo apt-get install octave

and then install the full Intel MKL development package with
sudo apt-get install libmkl-full-dev

during installation you have to select Intel MKL as default mathematical libraries provider.
Important:
To avoid bug between Octave and MKL one should add the following variable declaration to the ~/.bashrc or ~/.profile:
export MKL_THREADING_LAYER=gnu

and then launch Octave.
As noted in the recent comments in the bug, Octave closes with segmentation fault when __run_test_suite__ is run, even after applying this workaround. At the moment it is not recommended to use the version of Octave from the Ubuntu repositories alongside MKL.

To confirm that MKL is used one can see htop libraries listing below (F4, octave, select octave-gui, L, F4, mkl):

Benchmark by using code below
c = sin((1:500)' + (1:500).^2);

tic;
g = eig(c);
toc
m = max(real(g))
assert (m, 16.914886, 1e-6)

Using Intel i7-3537U:

default - 0.46 s;
MKL -  0.14 s.


Usings xargs in Terminal with a bash script

xargs -n1 ./check.sh < test.txt

or

cat test.txt | xargs -n1 ./check.sh

should work if check.sh is in the current working folder (otherwise use the full path to check.sh, like /usr/local/bin/check.sh).


From that very same documentation:

  Note: OS X tends to put the .dmg ending on the output file automatically.

It seems it's not a problem. Just continue to the next steps, and when prompted for the file name, be sure to provide the correct one, with the .dmg extension. That's all.


Problem
Same as above. After installing sublime, it would not launch.

I tried this solution and it worked

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0

in Ubuntu 18.10


Hmm after one day I think I fix the issue, and it was in spacing at '/etc/bind/zones/rubyonerails.com.db' file.

As I try lot of solutions I copied content from notepad to this file and all lines ware moved right by a TAB space.(I removed TAB space for all lines from left side)

Now I restarted bind9 and everything forks fine. My domain points to my custom DNS.

I am not sure is this 100% solution,  maybe guys from servermania hosting did something on their side, in meantime because I contact them also.  They said they did not do anything....

So, conclusion is "NO SPACES AND TABS IN DNS CONFIGURATION FILES"


How can I accept the Microsoft EULA agreement for ttf-mscorefonts-installer?

It's  ⇆ TAB , then return ↵.

:-)

In general, to navigate ncurses-style menus:

Use the Tab key to move from one element (e.g., button, text box) to the next. Use Shift+Tab to move in reverse.
Use Spacebar to "click" the selected button.
Use Enter to click the default button (or currently selected button, if there is no default).
You can move up and down in a textbox with the arrow keys, and with Page Up and Page Down. If that doesn't work, press Tab until the text box you want to navigate in is selected.

If you've accidentally said you don't agree to the EULA, and you want a chance to review it again and agree, you can reinstall ttf-mscorefonts-installer, purging its global configuration files:

sudo apt-get --purge --reinstall install ttf-mscorefonts-installer


How to change default terminal application in Gnome-Shell

Or you may simply use:
sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator
as per comment; to update it on per user basis check https://serverfault.com/questions/631447/how-to-use-update-alternatives-per-user


Are there graphic card problems when upgrading to ubuntu 13.04

Your mileage may vary.  I updated my home desktop with an ATI/AMD 6750 HD card this weekend and saw no issues.  I'm not using the fglrx or catalyst however and strictly using the builtin with mesa.  If you're using proprietary drivers, I'd wait.  A good check is to boot in the live mode via usb and mess with it there.

Good luck :)


Booting Live system of Ubuntu 18.04.2 failes with many PCIe Bus Errors

I merged two options (pcie_aspm=off and nomodeset) into this one answer that helped me resolve this issue:
To edit Grub2 during the boot process try the following:
(from stackoverflow answer slightly changed)

Immediately after the BIOS splash screen during boot, press and hold the SHIFT button. This will display you grub containing a list of kernels and recovery options

Press e to edit the first kernel displayed

Find the line ending with quiet splash. Add your boot option before these key words - i.e. so the line looks like [...]pcie_aspm=off nomodeset quiet splash

Press CTRL + X to boot

Follow the steps in stackoverflow answer on how to fix the nomodeset boot option permanently so that you don't have to go through this manual procedure again.
To permanently set this setting, follow these steps:
(from this link slightly changed)
Open the Grub configuration file in an editor after OS is booted, e. g. in vi:
sudo vi /etc/default/grub

Adjust the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT variable as follows, save the file and close the editor:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet pcie_aspm=off nomodeset"

After the configuration change, update the Grub Bootloader with the following command:
sudo update-grub

Finally, restart the OS.
Drawback of this settings is that you may lose Power Management capabilities. (ASPM - Active State Power Management)


After the drive is attached to the computer (either the ide/sata cable or an usb ide/sata adpator) run this command to look for the partition:

$ cat /proc/partitions

Pick out the partition with the data and mount it with:

$ sudo mount /dev/[partition to mount] /[mount folder]

(Replace [partition to mount] with your windows data partition name shown by the previous cat command.  Replace the [mount folder] with the folder specified for the mount.)

example:

$ sudo mount /dev/sda4 /mnt

By the way, you can also get the list of partitions with:

$ sudo fdisk -l


Cannot boot into 12.04 Just flashing cursor

...recently discovered the main system drive had some bad sectors and had a fail warning in disk utility.

This indicates an imminent hard disk failure. There is little hope that the drive will survive for any sensible period of time and needs to be replaced.

You did the right thing when making backups to make sure your data are safe. Do not forget to also backup hidden dot-files in your /home to safe you personal application settings including keys.

Do replace your drive as soon as possible. Make continous backups until you have done so. In case the operating systems got damaged by a harddisk defect (likely because of boot failure) you will have to install them rather than restore them from backups. Thenafter you will be able to restore your personal data from backups of your HOME.


Install persistent version of USB onto a hard drive

You'll need to boot from a live USB (you might be able to use the same source USB).

Assuming your USB is located at /dev/sdb and that your hard drive is located at /dev/sda then you can simply run the following:

dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/sda

And that will copy bit for bit everything on the USB to your hard drive.  You should be able to boot from it then.  Once you boot into it, you can use various tools to expand your data partition to fill the entire drive.


Can't sync Google Calendar with GNOME Calendar

GNOME Calendar, Maya, and many other Gtk+ calendars use Evolution data server as their backend. If you first install Evolution, then you can  use it to configure your CalDAV calendars (such as iCloud, Yahoo!, and Google) and other accounts.

It’s very unfortunate that neither Ubuntu Online Accounts nor GNMOE Online Accounts expose standard protocols such as CalDAV and CardDAV and rather choose to focus on some partner service providers such as Google.


I had exactly the same question. See at ubuntu-discourse site.

I've found the answer here.

Quoting

  As many of you will know, the Mir team had two core goals for the Ubuntu 13.10 cycle:

  Deliver Mir + XMir + Unity 7 on the desktop for those cards that supported it, and >fall back to X for those that don’t.
  Deliver a native Mir + Unity 8 running on Ubuntu Touch images and devices.

  Unfortunately, due to some outstanding technical difficulties, we can only achieve the latter of these two goals.

  While we are on track to successfully deliver Mir for Ubuntu on smartphones, we are unfortunately not going to be able to deliver Mir + XMir + Unity 7 as the default experience on the desktop.

In order to test Xmir on 13.10 you have to install a package named: unity-system-compositor

Open a terminal Ctrl + Alt + T and apply the following command (to install the package)

sudo apt-get install unity-system-compositor

After that, reboot your system for the changes to take effect.


Help understanding underlying reason of oom-killer kicking in

Let's create the missing /swapfile...
Note: Incorrect use of the dd command can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=4096

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm 4G RAM and 4G swap

Confirm this line in /etc/fstab... and confirm no other “swap” lines...
/swapfile    none    swap    sw      0   0

reboot                    # reboot and verify operation


Turning 3 Ubuntu installations and one windows7 installation to one Ubuntu installation and one windows7 installation

First, if you want to keep data from your current Ubuntu installations, make sure you back up that data before getting rid of them. You can choose one of many backup tools (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BackupYourSystem#Backup_Utilities) to achieve that, or you can just copy the files manually if you know exactly what you need to keep.

There are two options to have Ubuntu 14.10 64-bit on your larger drive: performing a fresh install (like you suggested) or moving your current installation to your larger drive. The second option might take a bit more time, but you won't lose your current installation.

Option 1: Fresh install

Boot on your LiveUSB and start up GParted.
Erase all three Ubuntu installations (likely all ext4 partitions).
Start the Ubuntu installer and choose to install manually (choose your own partitions). Setup an ext4 partition on your larger drive and set it up as your root directory (/). You can setup a separate partition for your home directory (/home) if you wish.

Option 2: Moving your current installation

Boot on every Ubuntu installation once to identify which installation is on which partition. Before booting on a system, note the partition number mentioned in GRUB (eg. /dev/sda1). Once Ubuntu has booted, head over to the menu at the top-right of your screen and select "About this computer". Note down the version (14.04 or 14.10) and the OS type (32-bit or 64-bit). Repeat for all three Ubuntu installations.
Boot on your LiveUSB and start up GParted.
Erase the partitions that contain Ubuntu 14.04 32-bit and Ubuntu 14.10 32-bit.
Copy your Ubuntu 14.10 64-bit installation to your larger drive.
Once the copy is done, erase your Ubuntu 14.10 64-bit partition from your smaller drive, keeping your copy on the larger drive.
Repair GRUB: Use Boot-Repair to restore your bootloader and have it configured according to your new partition layout. See this article: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair (follow the 2nd option if you want to stay on your live session)


Change KDE apps color in Unity (systemsetting incomplete)

The color settings in Kde System Settings is provided by plasma-desktop-data package. You need to install that one to have the settings shown there.

sudo apt-get install plasma-desktop-data

This package provides color settings as well as many others such as Font, Icons, Workspace, Desktop Behavior, Shortcuts etc. It seems there is no minimal package to just provide the color settings changeability.


Running the 16.04 programs on 18.04 is generally a very bad idea. As the environments are different it will lead to many problems down the road. I'd suggest you migrate the programs to your 18.04 install.
In order to do so, install the programs you need in 18.04 and copy over your application preferences from 16.04. Those are usually stored in the hidden directories in you home directory. In the File Manager press Crtl+H to toggle showing them.


I solved the issue with reinstalling Plank.

sudo apt-get remove plank
sudo apt-get install plank


How does Ubuntu know what file type a file without extension is?

Via "magic"

  The file(1) command identifies the type of a file using, among other tests, a test for whether the file contains certain ''magic patterns''. The file /usr/share/misc/magic specifies what patterns are to be tested for, what message or MIME type to print if a particular pattern is found, and additional information to extract from the file.

http://linux.die.net/man/5/magic

http://linux.die.net/man/1/file


Can we login to the 'root' (Not as root user but in the 'root' user) user in ubuntu?

Yes, it is possible. Log in to your administrator account and then run sudo su root. Enter your password and then you are logged in as root.

(Usually the root prompt looks similar to this: root@computername:~# (note the # instead of the $))

NOTE: be careful when you do that, everything you command is done immediately without asking for a password (just in case you didn't know)

Instead of logging in to the root account you might want to use sudo and your command (e.g. sudo apt-get update).

EDIT: "[...] The [root] password is set to a special value which doesn't match any possible key combination." - fkraiem


Recovering photos from a formatted drive on Ubuntu

Photorec is the best tool for recovering pictures from a deleted partition.

PhotoRec is file data recovery software designed to recover lost files including video, documents and archives from hard disks, CD-ROMs, and lost pictures (thus the Photo Recovery name) from digital camera memory. PhotoRec ignores the file system and goes after the underlying data, so it will still work even if your media's file system has been severely damaged or reformatted.


How to prevent uGet downloading a specific link?

You can disable the Extension from taking over the download and sending to uGet by pressing and holding Insert key when clicking to download.

You can also disable it for longer term by pressing Insert Ctrl+Shift+U


Can we disable cron services in desktop?

Note: This is for companies with multi-million dollar yearly operating budgets. It would take a week to setup and requires an hour or two after upgrades to audit and even more to incorporate new scripts from an upgrade.

In comments it was mentioned logrotate gets called daily. This is an important part of Ubuntu for keeping log files down to size. If you are so concerned about cron you pull it fro mservice you would have to create your own script which mimicked cron. I'll call this script crony. You can keep it locked down in a place hackers wouldn't think to look for it.

Let's look at the files in /etc/cron.daily:

-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root   311 Feb 19  2014 0anacron*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root   376 Apr  4  2014 apport*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root  1474 Oct 31  2016 apt-compat*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root   314 Nov 26  2015 aptitude*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root   355 Jun  4  2013 bsdmainutils*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root   384 Mar 23  2014 cracklib-runtime*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root  1597 Nov 26  2015 dpkg*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    37 Jun  4 01:43 google-chrome -> /opt/google/chrome/cron/google-chrome*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root  7613 Jan 17  2017 google-earth*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root 13944 Mar  4 17:48 google-earth-pro*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root   372 Jan 22  2014 logrotate*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root  1293 Nov  6  2015 man-db*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root   435 Jun 20  2013 mlocate*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root   249 Feb 16  2014 passwd*
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   102 Feb  9  2013 .placeholder
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root  3449 Feb 26  2016 popularity-contest*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root   383 Mar  7  2016 samba*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root   214 Apr  9  2014 update-notifier-common*
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root  1046 May 19  2016 upstart*

The script mlocate I don't even use daily. I have it run every 15 minutes because daily isn't enough for my liking. the script popularity-contest is kind of like spyware so I wouldn't call it with crony if I were replacing cron.

I would call all my crony scrips from /etc/rc.local but there are other ways of doing it.

The format would be like this:

$ cat /etc/rc.local

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

# Jan 05 2018 - Reload Logitech Unifying Receiver to get Mouse in Power Stats
modprobe -r hid_logitech_dj
modprobe    hid_logitech_dj

# Call crony to mimick cron's duties
# daemonize job   boot delay   sleep interval
crony /etc/cron.daily/mlocate 1m 15m &
crony /etc/cron.daily/logrotate 30m d &
crony /mnt/e/usr/local/bin/daily-backup 5m d &
corny /usr/local/bin/eyesome-sun.sh 1m d &

exit 0

This is what a typical installation has for entries that are already setup in /etc/rc.local along with new crony entries after them. The last two of my crony entries are custom scripts my machine has in /etc/cron.daily

#!/bin/bash

# NAME: crony
# PATH: /usr/local/bin
# DATE: July 17, 2019
# NOTE: For Ask Ubuntu: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1159014/can-we-disable-cron-services-in-desktop

logger "$0"

sleep "$2"

while true; do
    "$1"
    # If if parameter 2 is "d" for 1 day interval we can't sleep for a day
    # because laptop may have been suspended. Use 10 minutes to minimize resources
    sleep 10m
    # Check if time to process job again. If not continue
    continue

done

crony script needs more work but you get the general idea. This may or may not be a good project for WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) in which case I may finish it.


Wallpaper problem in KDE Plasma 5.8.5 - Kubuntu 16.04

I finally figured out the real way to make sure I don't get the wallpaper stretching anymore. I realized after a while that it was opening Nautilus that caused my desktop icons and wallpaper to stretch, because by default Nautilus handles your desktop and also defaults your desktop back to gnome... Yeah I'm really not a fan of Gnome at all. At any rate type

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons false

To make gnome applications never change your desktop. This is what has actually worked for me in the long term and I never had to change anything after that to make it work. Also if you have custom icons you should type

sudo apt full-upgrade

to make all parts of your system recognize your new icons.


How do I remove the requirement of being root for modifying a certain directory?

sudo chown myuser:mygroup mydir

chown [-c|--changes] [-v|--verbose] [-f|--silent|--quiet] [--dereference]
      [-h|--no-dereference] [--preserve-root]
      [--from=currentowner:currentgroup] [--no-preserve-root]
      [-R|--recursive] [--preserve-root] [-H] [-L] [-P]
      {new-owner|--reference=ref-file} file ...


How can I flag messages as "personal" via sieve?

Edit the file:

user@server> vi .dovecot.sieve

File content:

require "fileinto";
require "imap4flags";

if header :contains "from" "guettler" {
   addflag "$label3";
}
...

Related: Pigeonhole Sieve examples - Flagging or Highlighting your mail | wiki2.dovecot.org


Unable to merge partitions using gParted in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Considering the size and amounts of data, it would be far easier and safer to merge the content of sda6 into sda2 than the other way around and then tell Ubuntu about the new location of /home.

Boot a live system since later you'll need to unmount /home and it would be much harder to operate Ubuntu without /home.
Mount sda2, sda5, and sda6. For simplicity's sake I'll assume their respective mount points are /media/sda2, /media/sda5, and /media/sda6.
Move all the content of /media/sda2 into a single folder, say sda2.orig, to identify it more easily later. You can use a file manager or the following commands, whichever seems more convenient for you:

sudo mkdir /media/sda2/sda2.orig
sudo find /media/sda2 -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name sda2.orig -exec mv -t /media/sda2/sda2.orig -- {} +

Copy /media/sda6 (the mount point of sda6) to /media/sda2 with the ”backup” option (-a) to restore the original owner, access rights and modification times of the files:

shopt -s dotglob
sudo cp -at /media/sda2 /media/sda6/*

Now we need to tell your Ubuntu installation about the new device for its /home mount point.

Find the UUID of /dev/sda2 with this command:

sudo blkid /dev/sda2

Open /media/sda5/etc/fstab for editing as super-user (sudo nano, sudo vi, gksudo gedit, or whatever editor you prefer) and find the line with /home in the 2nd column (helpfully titled “mount point” in a comment above).
Replace the 1st column (“file system”) of that line with UUID= followed by the UUID found in step 5.1, e. g.:

UUID=30fcb748-ad1e-4228-af2f-951e8e7b56df  /home  ext4  ...

Save the changes.

You can now reboot into your Ubuntu installation without further ado.

If you get an error message saying that a file system could not be mounted, boot the live system again and verify the changes to fstab made in step 5. Include a copy of it in your question if you can't seem to find the mistake. /media/sda5/var/log/boot.log will also contain the boot error message.
Rearrange the original content of sda2 (now in /home/sda2.orig) however you like.
Once you verified that everything is where it's supposed to be, you can delete sda6, move sda5 and resize sda2. See How to resize partitions? for more info on that. It may be wise to take your other partition resizing wishes into account before diving into this one.

I'm leaving this as a partial answer because I'm not sure what you mean by “the remaining partitions”. Once it becomes clear to me, I'll extend my answer.


I found this link http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2016/10/pepper-flash-chromium-opera-ubuntu/

After several combinations I found that only following step #1,step #2 and step #4 (avoiding step #3) and installing flashplugin-installer, somehow worked for both.


BEFORE DOING ANYTHING :
I strongly recommend you to use a live usb to try and recover your data. Do not boot Ubuntu from your hard drive, or you are at risk to permanently overwrite your lost data on your hard drive.

See the tool photorec.

To install it :

$ sudo apt-get install testdisk

This will install testdisk and its subcomponent photorec. testdisk is more powerful but can make you loose data, so use photorec first. photorec only reads data, so it's safe to use (By the way, you can use photorec as a user when you must be root to use testdisk).

$ photorec
$ sudo testdisk # Use that one as a second choice.

It's a console software, I hope you won't be afraid :-D.

http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec_Step_By_Step

http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Step_By_Step


unable to boot from hard drive after upgrade to 12.04. error: symbol 'grub_xpuls' not found

Why not just re-install grub or get grub-update. JUst try a live CD and go to terminal and eneter following to update grub:

Mount the partition containing your Linux: mount $partition /mnt/sda2
Reinstall grub: grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/sda2 $device
Backup the Grub: cd /boot/grub ; cp grub.cfg grub.cfg#1 ; cp menu.lst menu.lst#1 //if it's not the live cd boot directory
Update the grub: sudo update-grub

and you are done.


It might be the new spam controls in place around the Internet.

You probably should configure Postfix to send the emails directly to your ISPs mailserver for processing it.


VirtualBox Ubuntu guest from real partition image boots into emergency mode, can't get to login screen

Only your host OS, Windows 10, requires EFI.  You need to disable EFI on the VM.  Afterwards treat the virtual machine as if EFI didn't exist, and read How to install Ubuntu on VirtualBox?.


How do I access a partition with Ubuntu (installed with wubi)

Being that you installed Ubuntu using Wubi, you can access your C:\ drive by changing directories to /host  from the command line issue the following command:

cd /host

Under Nautilus File Manager you can click on File Systems on the left side and then click on your host folder.


To my astonishment, it really looks like /home is hardcoded.
mount-support.c contains:

    const struct sc_mount mounts[] = {
        {"/dev"},   // because it contains devices on host OS
        {"/etc"},   // because that's where /etc/resolv.conf lives, perhaps a bad idea
        {"/home"},  // to support /home/*/snap and home interface
    ...

Wow. That astonishes me. But there you have it.

Edit: See also Launchpad issue 1643706


Why doesn't Chrome or Firefox auto-highlight the address bar?

In firefox, you can change this configuration setting through the "about:config" command.

In the address bar, type in and go to:

about:config

Click on the "I'll be careful, I promise" radio button.  And input in the following query into the filter:

browser.urlbar.clickSelectsAll

Double click on the entry to toogle its value between true and false.  Select "False" if you want to place the cursor at the insertion point, and select "True" if you want to highlight the entire address bar on a single mouse click.

Here is a link to an article that gives some more useful "about:config" hacks:

28 Coolest Firefox About:Config Tricks


No.

When you make your Ubuntu server into a firewall/router, it does become a complete firewall protecting your entire LAN (Local Area Network) from the WAN (Wide Area Network), or internet in general. The quaility of that protection depends on how good and complete your iptables rules set is.

Now, and if I understand correctly, you are asking if your Ubuntu server firewall/router can be used to prevent, in some ways, two computers on your LAN from communicating with each other. No. At least in a typical LAN, those two computers do not need to involve the server at all when they communicate with each other.


Is it ubuntu or my laptop that's the problem?

The difference between starting times may have to do with Windows' "fast startup" feature.  It essentially equates Ubuntu's hibernate mode.  Basically, the computer doesn't actually fully shut down when you tell it to turn off.  It just transfers the info in your RAM to your hard drive.

Thus, when you startup your computer, it's not actually running all the startup sequences; it's just sending the info back from your drive to your RAM.

If you want Ubuntu to start up that quickly as well, consider trying to use the hibernate or suspend functions.  You can find official reading here.


I was also trying to do this, because I wanted to use dmenu instead of the dash, and wanted to have it bound to the same key as dash was before.

There is no easy way to bind a modifier key (Super, Ctrl, Alt, Shift) to a custom command, I think this is intentional (because it causes problems when other key bindings include the remapped modifier).

The only way that I think you can do it is by changing super to be a normal key (for example with xmodmap), however you will no longer be able to use it as a modifier and it may break other shortcuts.


Your

  installing pepperflashplugin-nonfree but got Package
  'pepperflashplugin-nonfree' has no installation candidate

means you have some problems with repositories. This package is the only way to get flash in Chromium. Do it. Try changing repository mirrors.


How do you disable/enable Guest Sessions in GUI?

No, not yet. LightDM is pretty new so there are still a few UI issues like that to iron out.


Is there an alternative to webcamstudio that works on Ubuntu 19.04 and up?

Webcamoid looks promising.  You can find it at:
https://webcamoid.github.io


How to list files older than a day with "2015" in filename?

The command find . -name '*2015*' -mmin +1440 -ls will probably do what you want. See below for details.
Your first command had -name 2015. It did not work because it finds only files whose names are exactly 2015, with no other characters in them.
Your second command, find . -name *2015* -mtime +1 -exec  ls -ltrh  {} \;, might have failed for a couple of reasons:
1. Unquoted * characters are expanded by the shell, then passed on to find.
If there are any files directly contained in the current directory (the one you're in when you ran that find ... command) whose names contain 2015 (and don't start with a .), then the shell expanded *2015* into a list of those filenames, then passed that list as arguments to find. This is not what you want--instead, you want to pass *2015* literally as an argument to find, so that find, and not the shell, can find which files match it.
To fix that problem, quote *2015*. There are three common ways to do it:

'*2015*' (i.e., find . -name '*2015*' -mtime +1 -exec ls -ltrh  {} \;)
"*2015*" (i.e., find . -name "*2015*" -mtime +1 -exec ls -ltrh  {} \;)
\*2015\* (i.e., find . -name \*2015\* -mtime +1 -exec ls -ltrh  {} \;)

I suggest writing it with single quotes as '*2015*', because:

Quoting individual characters with \ can make it hard to see exactly what is being passed by the shell to the find command.
Quoting with " sometimes involves somewhat complicated rules.

But in this case it doesn't really matter. ' and " both treat * the same and the expression isn't complicated enough for \ quoting to make it hard to understand.
2. -mtime +1 only selects files modified two or more days ago.
As man find says:
       Numeric arguments can be specified as

       +n     for greater than n,

       -n     for less than n,

       n      for exactly n.

       -mtime n
              File's data was last modified n*24 hours ago.  See the  comments
              for -atime to understand how rounding affects the interpretation
              of file modification times.
       -atime n
              File was last accessed n*24 hours ago.  When  find  figures  out
              how  many  24-hour  periods  ago the file was last accessed, any
              fractional part is ignored, so to match -atime +1, a file has to
              have been accessed at least two days ago.

Suppose a file was modified 47 hours ago. To figure out how many 24-hour periods that is, find rounds down: it is one 24-hour period ago. But -mtime +1 matches only files whose modification times are strictly more than one 24-hour period ago. Thus files from yesterday are not matched.
See Why does find -mtime +1 only return files older than 2 days? for more information, as suggested by steeldriver.
To find files last modified anytime more than 24 hours ago, I suggest instead stipulating it as 1440 minutes ago with -mmin +1440:
find . -name '*2015*' -mmin +1440 -exec ls -ltrh {} \;

Some readers might be wondering why I did not quote {}. Some people quote {} to remind humans that it is not an expression for brace expansion. Bourne-style shells (like bash) don't require {} with nothing inside to be quoted. Maybe some non-Bourne-style shell does treat it specially; that might be why some users quote it. But there's also a misconception that one must sometimes quote {} so -exec handles filenames with spaces correctly. That;s false: with {} or '{}', find gets the same arguments, as the shell removes the quotes before passing '{}' to find. To counter this misconception, I don't quote {}, but it's a matter of style--if you prefer {} to document how the shell isn't treating { and } specially, that's fine.
I recommend you also either change your ls command, or (as muru has suggested) replace it with find's -ls action. ls -ltrh is probably not doing what you intend because it is run separately for each file found and thus the -t and -r flags, which specify sorting, are irrelevant.
Though the output will be formatted a bit differently than with ls -l, using -ls is simpler and easier.
find . -name '*2015*' -mmin +1440 -ls

Or if you decide you really only need to list the file's names (including their paths, relative to .), you can simply specify no action, causing the default -print action to be used:
find . -name '*2015*' -mmin +1440


I would suggest reinstallation of OO, if you aren't against:

sudo apt-get remove --purge openoffice*
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove

Then download OO (4.1.1) from here:

http://www.openoffice.org/download/other.html#aoo

Or if you want older version (3.4)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:upubuntu-com/openoffice
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apache-openoffice

Or even better, install Libre Office which is in the repos and will do the same job (but uninstall OO before).

For reference:

What is the difference between OpenOffice and the newly created LibreOffice?


Screen Flickering and Interference after Waking up Laptop

Just enter below commands it will became proper

dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
reboot


I'm taking python class, professor suggests us to install in this way, pip is much better than setuptools and easy_install

sudo apt-get install python-pip
sudo pip install numpy
sudo pip install pandas


Hard Drive has not enough space for installing Ubuntu

GParted is a great free application. You can download it here. You can format using that. You can also go through the Windows setup process and format the hard drive/wipe it using the restoration image on your machine or a Windows XP, VISTA, 7 or 8 disk. To me, this is a helpful web site if you are not familiar with how to go about doing the formatting process (here). After it wipes the hard drive and formats it, you can then just restart your machine and try the Ubuntu installation process again. Good luck!


I suggest that you blacklist the driver for the internal device as it probably conflicts with the USB. From the terminal:

sudo -i
echo "blacklist iwlwifi"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
modprobe -r iwlwifi
exit

Is the USB working better now?

It may take a reboot.


The error has been seen when the /EFI/ubuntu directory is corrupted (bug 1090829). See comment #25 to fix (get rid of) the corrupted directory -- repeated runs of

sudo dosfsck -r /dev/sda2

(use your EFI partition if not sda2)
Then the installer may run successfully.


Gnome Software Center Stuck Installing Updates

Just restart. It worked for me.

Alternatively, you can bring up the gnome-system-monitor and kill the gnome-software process and then restart the update procedure again.


How to upgrade Ubuntu via usb boot without loosing existing program and configuration

I upgraded my laptop from Ubuntu 14.04 to 16.04 directly without losing anything. You can give it a try. System Setting > Softwares & Updates > Updates.

Select 'For Long Term Support Version'  at 'Notify me of a new Ubuntu version'.

Now run the sudo apt-get upgrade from terminal and see updates are avail for you.


Other than those points already mentioned, check that the USB cable of the receiver isn't running close to a power cable.  Some of the cheap ones can be affected by interference.

Second have a look in the LED hole of the mouse.  I had a similar issue recently and it was down to a small piece of fluff in the hole.


Bug fixed.  Double dates no longer a problem.


I'd never noticed this before but the documentation counts LAMP as:

  Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP/Perl/Python

But that's not the actual reason here. These are required packages. I thought I'd check a server of mine without LAMP (but LEMP from raw packages not tasksel) and it still had libdbd-mysql-perl (et al) installed.

When I asked why, I could see mysql-server was indirectly the cause:

$ aptitude why libdbd-mysql-perl
u   mysql-server     Depends mysql-server-5.5
C A mysql-server-5.5 Depends mysql-client-5.5 (>= 5.5.47-0ubuntu0.14.04.1)
i A mysql-client-5.5 Depends libdbd-mysql-perl (>= 1.2202)

The mysql client itself is compiled down C but some of the scripts it ships are Perl:

$ file $(which mysql_find_rows)
/usr/bin/mysql_find_rows: Perl script, ASCII text executable

$ dpkg -S /usr/bin/mysql_find_rows
mysql-client-5.5: /usr/bin/mysql_find_rows


Nautilus Actions is not working on Ubuntu 15.10 Wily Werewolf

I found out the problem!

In all forms of launching the Nautilus application under the [Desktop Entry] tag has a instruction NoDisplay=true. This means that none of them are presented to the user in the Dash. The only icon that appears in the Dash, and consequently is present in Launcher, is generated automatic and dynamically by Nautilus.

cd /usr/share/applications
ls -l nautilus*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 588 Nov 14 08:53 nautilus-autorun-software.desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 662 Nov 14 08:54 nautilus-classic.desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 549 Nov 14 08:55 nautilus-connect-server.desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 723 Dez  4 07:00 nautilus.desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 642 Nov 14 08:55 nautilus-folder-handler.desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 603 Dez  4 05:33 nautilus-home.desktop

For this reason it is that appears only a single icon "Files" in the Dash. When I deleted the instruction line NoDisplay=true of file nautilus.desktop, appeared two icons "Files" in the Dash. So I removed the icon "Files" of Launcher and dragged the second icon "Files" from Dash to the Launcher.

Eureka!

Now the drop down context menu of "Files" icon in the Launcher displays the option "Open as Administrator" of the [Desktop Action Administrator] tag.

The final configuration file "nautilus.desktop" was as follows:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Files
Name[pt_BR]=Arquivos
Comment=Access and organize files
Comment[pt_BR]=Gerenciador de arquivos
Keywords=folder;manager;explore;disk;filesystem;
Exec=nautilus --new-window %U
Icon=system-file-manager
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Categories=GNOME;GTK;Utility;Core;FileManager;
X-GNOME-Bugzilla-Bugzilla=GNOME
X-GNOME-Bugzilla-Product=nautilus
X-GNOME-Bugzilla-Component=general
X-GNOME-Bugzilla-Version=3.14.2
X-GNOME-UsesNotifications=true
X-Unity-IconBackgroundColor=#af4853
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=nautilus
Actions=Window;Administrator;

[Desktop Action Window]
Name=Open a new window
Name[pt_BR]=Abrir uma nova janela
Exec=nautilus --new-window
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

[Desktop Action Administrator]
Name=Open as Administrator
Name[pt_BR]=Abrir como Administrador
Exec=gksudo "nautilus --new-window"
OnlyShowIn=Unity;


How to resolve messed up efi without data loss

Here is detailed process of what I did to turn ON MacOSX.

Step-1 : sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda

derek@derek-MacBookPro:~$ sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk /dev/sda: 490234752 sectors, 233.8 GiB
Model: APPLE SSD SM0256
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/4096 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): F3A656EC-6327-4E3B-B8D4-24D7C90F18DD
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 490234718
Partitions will be aligned on 8-sector boundaries
Total free space is 105470093 sectors (50.3 GiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1              40          409639   200.0 MiB   EF00  EFI System Partition
   2          409640       294970071   140.5 GiB   FFFF  MacOSX
   3       400439296       490233855   42.8 GiB    8300

Step-2: sudo efibootmgr -v

derek@derek-MacBookPro:~$ sudo efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0000
Timeout: 5 seconds
BootOrder: 0002,0001,0000,0080
Boot0000* ubuntu    HD(1,GPT,ba591477-7a5b-4314-95e2-3ea359d0b28c,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)
Boot0001* Linux HD(1,GPT,ba591477-7a5b-4314-95e2-3ea359d0b28c,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\grub.efi)FFFF.0000.0080...............
Boot0002* Linux HD(1,GPT,ba591477-7a5b-4314-95e2-3ea359d0b28c,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\grub.efi)4.1.2.3............
Boot0080*   PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/Sata(0,0,0)/HD(1,GPT,ba591477-7a5b-4314-95e2-3ea359d0b28c,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\BOOT\BOOTX64.efi)
BootFFFF*   PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/Sata(0,0,0)/HD(1,GPT,ba591477-7a5b-4314-95e2-3ea359d0b28c,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\BOOT\BOOTX64.efi)

Step-3 : sudo sgdisk -i 2 /dev/sda

derek@derek-MacBookPro:~$ sudo sgdisk -i 2 /dev/sda
Partition GUID code: FFFFFFFF-FFFF-FFFF-FFFF-FFFFFFFFFFFF (Unknown)
Partition unique GUID: 4D99D8DA-F7FF-451F-B9F2-074010EBF442
First sector: 409640 (at 200.0 MiB)
Last sector: 294970071 (at 140.7 GiB)
Partition size: 294560432 sectors (140.5 GiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000000
Partition name: 'MacOSX'

Step-4: sudo sgdisk -t 2:7C3457EF-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC /dev/sda

derek@derek-MacBookPro:~$ sudo sgdisk -t 2:7C3457EF-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC /dev/sda
[sudo] password for derek:
Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you
run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
The operation has completed successfully.

After this, I restarted the MacBook and I was able to see the MacOS in boot Menu as the format was reverted back to AFPS


Picasa on WINE didnt create an icon (12.10), how to start it?

Well, apparently after I restarted the computer Ubuntu Dash identified Picasa and I am now able to add it to the sidebar.


To install OpenCV use:

sudo apt install libopencv-dev


I have found the following definitions in install_solr_service.sh

SOLR_EXTRACT_DIR=/opt
SOLR_SERVICE=solr
SOLR_VAR_DIR=/var/$SOLR_SERVICE –>>>– /var/solr
SOLR_USER=solr
SOLR_INSTALL_DIR=$SOLR_EXTRACT_DIR/$SOLR_DIR –>>>– /opt/solr-5.3.1
SOLR_DIR=${SOLR_INSTALL_FILE%.tgz}
SOLR_INSTALL_FILE=${SOLR_ARCHIVE##*/}
SOLR_ARCHIVE=$1 –>>>– solr-5.3.1.tgz
ln -s $SOLR_INSTALL_DIR $SOLR_EXTRACT_DIR/$SOLR_SERVICE
cp $SOLR_INSTALL_DIR/bin/init.d/solr /etc/init.d/$SOLR_SERVICE

therefore
sudo service solr stop
sudo rm -r /var/solr
sudo rm -r /opt/solr-5.3.1
sudo rm -r /opt/solr
sudo rm /etc/init.d/solr
sudo deluser --remove-home solr
sudo deluser --group solr
sudo update-rc.d -f solr remove
sudo rm -rf /etc/default/solr.in.sh

and check the commands above twice before executing. One wrong space and you can reinstall your system.


Google+ doesn't really have a write API yet so no one can write this feature (yet), however you can follow along progress in this bug report.

How do I subscribe to a bug?


In my .gvimrc file I have:

set lines=64
set columns=90

to set the initial window size.

This is for gvim, the GUI vim.

In the console, vim spans the terminal dimensions.

You can also enter the :scriptnames command. It will show the list of the files sourced by vim at startup.
One of those files might be setting the window size you don't like. Check from last to first, because the settings might be in more than one file.


Internet access robust test to several different sites (command line)

If they're just using DNS to block you, just use a custom DNS such as OpenDNS instead of the one your ISP is giving you automatically.  You should even be able to configure your router to use OpenDNS instead of your ISP's DNS so that all devices on your network will route through OpenDNS without having to manually configure each device.


Keyboard Layouts missing in lock screen, 11.10

If you only have 1 keyboard layout, try adding a Qwerty english one too. That way when it locks you'll be shown the available keyboards, and you can simply change to the one of your choice.

Hope I helped.


Look for and install the following packages using Synaptic Package Manager:

libdvdcss2
libdvdread4
libdvdnav4
and any dependancies


I believe the version is 2.5.0.3; that's the latest version at Realtek's site.

#Support Antenna Diversity
HAS_ANTENNA_DIVERSITY_SUPPORT=n

This is located at lines 114-115 of os/linux/config.mk.


Failed to execute child process permission denied while executing a Python program after giving it the necessary permissions

The first line of your Python script should be as follows:

#!/usr/bin/env python

In order to execute the Python script by double-clicking the file, open the Files file browser -> Edit -> Preferences -> Behavior tab -> under the Executable Text Files heading click the radio button to the left of where it says Run executable text files when they are opened .


User in www-data group can't view directory

Your permissions are incorrect. A directory without the execute bit is not traversable, so, in effect, nothing in it is accessible. While ls will be able to list the files, other programs like FTP and SFTP will fail. Set the execute bit:

chmod g+x /path/to/directory


How to install Tencent Gaming Buddy on PlayOnLinux?

When tencent gaming buddy runs on Windows platform it also starts some of its services, these services are necessary for the startup of tencent gaming buddy.So if you want to start tencent gaming buddy on linux with the help of Wine/PlayOnLinux it won't start because the services needed to be launched and these crucial tencent services are meant only for the windows platform.Therefore it difficult to run Tencent Gaming Buddy on Linux :-)


Just add systemd.mask=tmp.mount to your APPEND line and it should work.


Well, in your situation, the only answer I can give you, is to downgrade your Ubuntu to the 12.04 LTS version. In my opinion, there are several advantages in doing so.

First of all, 12.04 is obviously, older than 13.10, so, at least theoretically, it should put less pressure on your device's resources.
Secondly, 12.04 is a LTS, which means that it is more stable than any *.10 distro. Besides of that, 13.10 is no longer supported, while 12.04 is. And is in your own interest to run a distro which is still supported so that you can be on the safe side.
And, finally, if, insted of the "pure" Ubuntu, you'll choose Xubuntu or Lubuntu, then the above mentioned pressure on your PC's resources will be diminished even more.

So, as a conclusion, you should install Xubuntu 12.04 LTS or Lubuntu 12.04 LTS. If you don't know which one of them you like, then create a live stick with each one of them and play a while so that you can get accustomed.

I can assure you, I run a 12.04 on one of devices and I don't miss anything. On another device, I have a 16.04 preinstalled. Well, I can tell you that some apps are not yet adapted for this version, so I have to find others. Not a very pleasing situation.

But all in all, there is not much difference. You can use a 12.04 without any problems.


Stop Xscreensaver from locking screen once screensaver starts

I think you have to disable the "lock" in two different places. First, open the power manager. You can click on the power icon in the panel and select "preferences" or it should also be in Menu -> Preferences -> Power Manager

De-select "Lock screen...." under the "Extended" menu tab.

Second, open screensaver preferences. Menu -> Preferences -> Screensaver.

Again, de-select "lock screen..." at the bottom of the window.

CREDIT: http://lubuntutips.blogspot.com/2012/06/lubuntu-screensaver-lock.html


Why I receive error, while ext4 primary partition expansion?

Resize the partition first, then resize the filesystem. Some partition tools like gparted may run the resize2fs in the background for you.  For others, like fdisk, you will have to do it yourself.


14.04 Laptop battery time increasing and decreasing

Laptop battery life can become unpredictable when it is on the verge of going completely bad.  Occasionally, and by that I mean one time out of ten, I can wake up a purportedly bad battery by repeatedly running down its 2-20 minute life span and putting it on charge until it thinks it is full, and after a few such cycles it wakes up and charges very long and then runs for ten hours or something incredible.

So just to be clear, it may not be a software issue, or even a laptop issue.  I'd hate to have you spend a lot of money on a new battery for you to find out, but you may need to.  If you give me the brand and model I'll see if I can find a good deal under $25.


Was having a similar issue (hang after network installation completed and hostname provided).  Disconnecting the second hard drive fixed it.


see if your user is in the "nopasswdlogin" group when logged into that user and typing

groups

into the terminal.

if so remove the group with

sudo gpasswd -d $USER nopasswdlogin


wsl2 mounting nfs mount.nfs: No such device

Glad you specified the kernel information!  That kernel says that your instance is WSL1, not WSL2.
uname -a
WSL1: Linux Revel 4.4.0-19041-Microsoft #488-Microsoft Mon Sep 01 13:43:00 PST 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
WSL2: Linux Revel 4.19.104-microsoft-standard #1 SMP Wed Feb 19 06:37:35 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
My guess is that you may have installed WSL2, but didn't convert your existing WSL1 instance to WSL2.  Converting your instance to WSL2 should fix the issue.
Assuming that you do actually have WSL2 installed, then you can do this through either ...

wsl --set-version <Distro> 2

Or, clone the WSL1 instance with wsl --export <distroName> <filename.tgz> and then import that back in as WSL2 with wsl --import <newDistroName> <DirectoryWhereYouWantIt> <filenameYouCreatedFromExport.tgz> --version 2.  More details in the first part of my answer to another question here.

Or a "middle ground" approach between the two.  Back up the existing instance with wsl --export, test it with a wsl --import, convert the original with wsl --set-version, and then delete the one you don't need with wsl --unregister.


The kubectl CLI is written in Golang, and use Cobra features to automatic generate documentation based on subcommands, flags, etc.

So, you can use kubectl --help to see all the available options. Furthermore, you can dig into specific subcommands options (e.g., kubectl describe --help, kubectl get --help and so on).

More than that, you can use kubectl explain to describe the fields associated with each supported API resources, which is very useful when writing templates. Examples:

  # Get the documentation of the resource and its fields
  kubectl explain pods

  # Get the documentation of a specific field of a resource
  kubectl explain pods.spec.containers


How to Install NVIDIA Cuda without EULA/prompts?

According to the installer's built-in help text, you should be able to do that by adding the command-line option -silent:

$ ./cuda_6.5.14_linux_64.run --help
Options:
   -help                      : Print help message
   -driver                    : Install NVIDIA Display Driver
   -uninstall                 : Uninstall NVIDIA Display Driver
   -toolkit                   : Install CUDA 6.5 Toolkit (default: /usr/local/cuda-6.5)
   -toolkitpath=        : Specify a custom path for CUDA location
   -samples                   : Install CUDA 6.5 Samples (default: /usr/local/cuda-6.5/samples)
   -samplespath=        : Specify a custom path for Samples location
   -silent                    : Run in silent mode. Implies acceptance of the EULA
   -verbose                   : Run in verbose mode
   -extract=            : Extract individual installers from the .run file to PATH
   -no-opengl-libs            : Install driver support for Optimus
   -override                  : Overrides the installation checks (compiler, lib, etc)
   -kernel-source-path= : Points to a non-default kernel source location
   -tmpdir              : Use  as temporary directory - useful when /tmp is noexec


If you are running Ubuntu zesty bum is not available to you, however if you are using Ubuntu xenial, vivid, trusty or precise you can install it using apt-get, first make sure your sources are up to date:

sudo apt update

then try installing it:

sudo apt install bum

Remember some of versions which I mentioned are outdated like: vivid and precise.


How do I get a list of all AVAILABLE packages from the repositories that are configured from a command line?

If you want an up-to-date list of the available packages, first update the apt cache:

sudo apt-get update

Then in a Terminal, you can run:

apt-cache dump

But this will print a lot of informations about each package version, repository and dependencies; so the output might be tweaked a bit based on need: for example if you just want a list of names in alphabetical order, you can run:

apt-cache dump | grep -oP 'Package: \K.*' | sort -n


How do I install non-free drivers and codecs without an Internet connection?

I think you should take a look at this. This program allows you to download packages from one computer, save them in a USB drive and install them on another computer which hasn't got internet. That way you could install the mp3 codecs, or the graphics drivers you need. Good luck!


I like your idea, but with the speed at which you open and close applications, a Markov chain might fail to keep up or create unecessary overhead. That being said, if you want to contribute I suggest reading here: Giving Ideas and Feedback. You don't need to program anything, but you do need to give it to the correct people who can.

This isn't the place, but I like where you are going with it.


How can I use audacity to record audio output along with mic input?

The problem is that it's difficult to synchronize the clocks sampling audio on two separate devices.  Yes Jack can do this, but it is not always easy to run - I have not figured it out!

A reasonable alternative would be to get a small mixing unit capable of recording 2 or more channels, outputting to USB.  These look like a single device to Audacity, and can record multiple channels.  I use a behringer 18 channel mixer for music recording, and a behringer 4 channel unit for small recording sessions such as recording church sermons.  Similar hardware can be found from many manufacturers, and is readily available at retail outlets such as Guitar Center in the US.

If you would like information about these units leave me a comment below - I'm still trying to make jack work myself...


Can I download ubuntu on a mac and burn it to a cd for windows 7?

Of course possible! Official Ubuntu page itself has a guide on how to achieve this if you're on a Mac OSX. Please refer below guidelines to do so;

How to create a bootable USB stick on OS X

Hope this helps! :)


The instructions to install compat-wireless modules are good, but in recent Ubuntu releases, this has been packaged and there's no need to compile this from source anymore! So, let's take a step back and look at another much simpler approach to install it.

Simply install the appropriate linux-backports-modules-cw-* package for your kernel, e.g.:

For Quantal, using Linux compat-wireless-3.6 backported to regular kernel

sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-cw-3.6-quantal-generic

Same, but for Precise

sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-cw-3.6-precise-generic

Or use any other package management tool to install this package. While it has 'backport' in its package name, it's not needed to enable any backports repository - it's just there in main.

Finally, reboot, or if you know the kernel module to load: sudo modproble modulename.


There are several Linux probes of this laptop in the Linux-Hardware.org database. Looking at one of the probes (#aa80e7c702) I can say that:

All devices are Linux-compatible (at least a free driver exists);
There are no critical errors in system logs collected in the probe.

So it's OK to power this laptop by Linux.


From the synaptics driver man page:

  The  perceived  physical  edges  may be adjusted with the AreaLeftEdge, AreaRightEdge,
  AreaTopEdge, and AreaBottomEdge options. If these values are set to something other than
  the physical edges, input in the space between the area edge and the respective physical
  edge is ignored. Note that this reduces the available space on the touchpad.

And that's exactly what we want, right? Therefore, we are going to have to come up with a value for AreaBottomEdge, get the other three using xinput, and write a custom xorg.conf.

First of all, we need to find some information about our touchpad. In a terminal, run xinput list. For me, the output looks like this:

$ xinput list
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer            id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ PIXART USB OPTICAL MOUSE              id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad              id=14   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard           id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                          id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                             id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                             id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                          id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Sleep Button                          id=10   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Chicony USB 2.0 Camera                id=12   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard          id=13   [slave  keyboard (3)]

My touchpad is identified as ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad. Now we need to find out some information for creating the xorg.conf later. Let's figure out what values the driver is currently using for the touchpad edges by running:

xinput list-props "ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad"|grep Edges

which, for me, outputs:

Synaptics Edges (280):  97, 2339, 56, 988

Save these values for later.

Now, create a new file named /etc/X11/xorg.conf if it doesn't already exist, open it using your favorite text editor as root, and put this in it, using the values we found earlier:

Section "InputDevice"
    Identifier "touchpad"
    Driver "synaptics"
    Option "AreaLeftEdge" "97"             # the first value from "Synaptics Edges"
    Option "AreaRightEdge" "2339"          # the second value
    Option "AreaTopEdge" "56"              # the third value
    Option "AreaBottomEdge" "988"          # the fourth value - change this
EndSection

Remember that, for best results when creating this file, you must use the values that you found yourself. Do not use mine. (I'm not calling you an idiot or anything; I'm just making sure so that you don't screw this up.)

Also, you are going to have to change the value for AreaBottomEdge so that it is less than the original and meets your requirements. You are going to have to experiment with this until you are satisfied with the results.

Also remember to log out and log back in after saving the file for the changes to take effect.


ssh tunnel - bind: Address already in use

The message is self-explanatory. Some program is already using port 13307.
Try running netstat -antp as root, look for the port 13307 and you should see the PID of the related program. It's possible that you already have a stale SSH connection. Plus, you might need the -R option for reverse SSH.
Possibly useful post: Knowing if a remote port forward was successful?


Found a lot of SSH login attempts in auth.log

Although it's unlikely that it succeeded if you had a strong root password, you could check for malware by using tools like tcptrack to see if any suspicious looking connections are being made from the server.

Barring malware that communicate with the outside world, it would be very difficult to pinpoint where exactly a potential attacker would have put said malware in, since once you have root access, you are by all means compromised and the person has total control of everything on the system. If you feel with certanity that someone has gained root access, the best course of action would be to transfer out all the data you need from the droplet and just start over, making sure better security practices are followed so that such an attack is no longer possible

Another step you can ensure to improve security would be to deny any type of password authentication and limit it to only PublicKey authentication so that such dictionary attacks are ineffective

If for any reason you have to use passwords (which is not necessary in most cases and highly not recommended), you can setup knockd to use port knocking to make sure an attacker can't figure out which port ssh is on. Note that this is just security by obscurity and you still need strong passwords/passphrases.


How can I make a script to place files older than each day before into their own folder?

I use (for a similar situation) a non-standard way: logrotate.

This will back up all videos in /home/user/videos to the /home/nb/videos/backup/videos.tar file (daily), and then automatically move the old tar files to ...1.tar, ...2.tar etc. Backups older than 7 days will be deleted.

I included mv /home/user/videos/*.avi /var/tmp to keep a copy of videos in case anything goes wrong.

To activate this logrotate configuration put a similar file to this to the /etc/logrotate.d directory:

/home/nb/videos/backup/videos.tar {
  rotate 7
  daily
  notifempty
  nocreate
  nocompress
  missingok

  postrotate
    if ls /home/user/videos/*.avi > /dev/null 2>&1; then
      tar cf /home/nb/videos/backup/videos.tar /home/user/videos/*.avi
      mv /home/user/videos/*.avi /var/tmp
    fi
  endscript
}

For more information see man logrotate.


Compiling a C file through Gedit external tools

The default build command of the gedit external tools works perfectly for me (run using Ctrl+F8):


My GPU - What is the exact model? It is working? Is it integrated?

You have hybrid graphics.

The integrated GPU is Intel UHD Graphics 620.

The discrete GPU is AMD ATI Radeon R7 M260/M265 / M340/M360 / M440/M445 / 530/535 / 620/625 Mobile.

You can check if your AMD GPU is working by running

DRI_PRIME=1 glxinfo | grep OpenGL

According to your output it is an AMD ICELAND chip and it works.

It should be R7 M260.


WiFi module 8812AU not working after working previously

The rtl8812au source code from https://github.com/scrivy/rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux is not patched for the 4.10 kernels.  You can either go back to using the 4.4 kernels or install rtl8812au-dkms patched for Ubuntu 17.10 after removing the version you have with
code>cd rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux
sudo make uninstall
sudo dkms remove rtl8812au/4.3.8.12175.20140902+dfsg --all
sudo rm -r /usr/src/rtl8812au-4.3.8.12175.20140902+dfsg
sudo rm -r /var/lib/dkms/rtl8812au
Then you can download from https://packages.ubuntu.com/artful/rtl8812au-dkms
Most browsers will put the file in the Downloads folder and it can be installed by
cd Downloads
sudo dpkg -i rtl8812au-dkms
You will likely need to make the changes to dkms.conf so it will build against the correct kernel when a kernel update occurs.
You could also use another github source and you shouldn't have to edit the dkms.conf file
git clone https://github.com/abperiasamy/rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux.git
cd rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux
sudo make -f Makefile.dkms install
Reboot


Using Zenity to maintain configuration file

Zenity can only display previous value when there is only one entry field. As such the code below puts the previous values into the label fields and instructs user to type new value into entry fields or leave it blank to keep existing value.
The Bash Code

#!/bin/bash

# Read configuration file with entries separated by " " into array
IFS=' ' read -ra CfgArr < ~/bin/adaptive-brightness-configuration-file

# Zenity form with current values in entry label
# because initializing multiple entry data fields not supported
output=$(zenity --forms --title="Laptop Adaptive Brightness Configuration" \
        --text="Enter new settings or leave entries blank to keep (existing) settings" \
   --add-entry="/sys/class/backlight/??????/brightness driver : (${CfgArr[0]})" \
   --add-entry="Day time maximum display brightness : (${CfgArr[1]})" \
   --add-entry="Transition minutes after sunrise to maximum : (${CfgArr[2]})" \
   --add-entry="Night time minimum display brightness : (${CfgArr[3]})" \
   --add-entry="Transition minutes before sunset to minimum : (${CfgArr[4]})")

IFS='|' read -a ZenArr <<<$output # Split zenity entries separated by "|" into array elements

# Update non-blank zenity array entries into configuration array
for i in ${!ZenArr[@]}; do
    if [[ ${ZenArr[i]} != "" ]]; then CfgArr[i]=${ZenArr[i]} ; fi
done

# write configuration file using array (fields automatically separated by " ")
echo "${CfgArr[@]}" > ~/bin/adaptive-brightness-configuration-file

I was surprised after hours of googling, examples of this code couldn't be found. Hopefully others googling the same problem can find this code.
The Screen

In this answer the zenity form has a different order and expanded labels for fields. Although 4882 is maximum for this intel_backlight driver it's like staring into the sun and 1000 is practical maximum indoors.
Many thanks to muru for guidance converting original code from old-style COBOL format using field names, to modern Bash format utilizing arrays.

Using yad instead of zenity
In 2018 I revamped the project and renamed it to Eyesome. Now it uses yad which is a super-charged forked version of zenity. yad uses the same coding style in bash and adds more functionality.
Notebook support for multiple tabs
Using yad you can display current field values plus create forms in tabbed notebook format:

Whilst writing this answer I noticed the screen was out of date and says 5 to 20 seconds. I've changed it to say 1 to 20 seconds for the next publication.
Monitor 3 from the tab list
Here is what Monitor 3 looks like from the tab list:

Sample code for generating this screen is listed in the next section.
Sample code
The three monitors share a common function to build the bulk of the code. For Monitor 3 we use:
# Monitor 3 notebook page
BuildMonitorPage "$CFG_MON3_NDX"
yad --plug=$KEY --tabnum=4 --form \
    "${aMonPage[@]}" > "$res4" &

The BuildMonitorPage function does the heavy lifting though. Here is what it looks like:
BuildMonitorPage () {
    # Move configuration array monitor 1-3 to Working Screen fields
    # $1 = CfgArr Starting Index Number

    aMonPage=()
    i="$1"
    aMonPage+=("--field=Monitor Number::RO")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}")

    aMonPage+=("--field=Monitor Status::CB")
    Status=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}")
    cbStatus="Enabled!Disabled"
    cbStatus="${cbStatus/$Status/\^$Status}"
    aMonPage+=("$cbStatus")

    aMonPage+=("--field=Monitor Type::CB")
    Type=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}")
    cbType="Hardware!Software"
    cbType="${cbType/$Type/\^$Type}"
    aMonPage+=("$cbType")

    aMonPage+=("--field=Monitor Name:")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}")
    aMonPage+=("--field=Internal Name:")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}")
    aMonPage+=("--field=Xrandr Name:")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}")
    aMonPage+=("--field=Daytime Brightness::NUM")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}"!0.1..9999!.01!2)
    aMonPage+=("--field=Daytime Red::NUM")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}"!0.1..2.0!.01!2)
    aMonPage+=("--field=Daytime Green::NUM")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}"!0.1..2.0!.01!2)
    aMonPage+=("--field=Daytime Blue::NUM")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}"!0.1..2.0!.01!2)
    aMonPage+=("--field=Nighttime Brightness::NUM")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}"!0.1..9999!.01!2)
    aMonPage+=("--field=Nighttime Red::NUM")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}"!0.1..2.0!.01!2)
    aMonPage+=("--field=Nighttime Green::NUM")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}"!0.1..2.0!.01!2)
    aMonPage+=("--field=Nighttime Blue::NUM")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}"!0.1..2.0!.01!2)
    aMonPage+=("--field=Current Brightness::RO")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}")
    aMonPage+=("--field=Current Gamma::RO")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}")

} # BuildMonitorPage

Yad will store numbers internally to 6 decimal places by default. During presentation to user you can override the number of decimal places used. In the code above you see:
    aMonPage+=("--field=Nighttime Brightness::NUM")
    aMonPage+=("${CfgArr[$((i++))]}"!0.1..9999!.01!2)

The last line contains current value from configuration array (CfgArr) followed by:

0.1 minimum allowed value
9999 maximum allowed value
.01 step value if user presses up arrow or down arrow to change
2 number of decimal places displayed on screen

To see all the screens and read an overview see this Ask Ubuntu Answer:

Set initial startup background brightness depending on daytime

Visit the eyesome github page and download all the bash code here:

Set brightness and gamma for three monitors using sunrise and sunset times from internet


How to view photos attached In Telegram chats

After installing the latest update, this issue has now gone away. i can only assume that it has been fixed in the latest version. I can not click on the photos that I have in a chat window and they open in full screen correctly.


There are different files/options controlling this for different programs. For example, to get ls tp print in color, you can use ls --color=tty (which is set by default on Ubuntu). For grep, you can use grep --color=auto. This is handled by the programs themselves, so it's not set in the terminal emulator or the shell. Anyway, to turn on these two options, you can create aliases to them. Edit (or create if not there) ~/.bash_aliases and add these lines:

alias grep='grep --color'
alias ls='ls --color=tty'

Then, open a new terminal (or run . ~/.bash_aliases) and you will have colored ls and grep output.

Anyway, for git, this is set in your ~/.gitrc file (see, for example, here). The easiest trick would be to just copy the one from your machine to the server.

As for differentiating the terminals, the easiest approach would be to color your prompt (PS1). This is set in ~/.bashrc. You can find more details here and an app that simplifies it here but for example, you could use something like this:

PS1='\[\033[01;33m\]\u@\h\[\033[01;34m\] \W \\$\[\033[00m\] '

Which produces:

and

PS1='\[\033[01;38m\]\u@\h\[\033[01;31m\] \W \\$\[\033[00m\] '

Which produces:


I had the exact same problem with my HP Photosmart C3180.
You might want to try installing gnome-manual-duplex (assuming you are under the Gnome desktop). It is not in the repositories, but there is a .deb package there.

See also the presentation here.


In ~/.xinitrc add the following command before exec awesome:
eval "$(dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session)"
Further, install the following packages:
apt install dbus-x11 xdg-dbus-proxy xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-gtk.


Most likely, you installed Ubuntu by mistake over Windows, while keeping the windows MBR (master boot record) information. I'd recommend these two options:

If you want to run only Ubuntu, put Ubuntu on a USB stick/CD and boot from that. Then choose to wipe your hard drive entirely and run only Ubuntu.
If you want to run Windows and Ubuntu side by side, I recommend you first of all reinstall Windows completely. You can do this if you have a restore CD or restore partition that still works. When Windows is back, do not install Ubuntu from a CD/USB, install it from within Windows with a tool called "Wubi".


Which packages to install to get debugging symbols for Xorg server

For intermittent X crash with SIGBUS on 18.04, please check this answer:

Ubuntu 18.04 error on waking up from sleep : Read-error on swap device

P.S. I think you wanted xserver-xorg-core-dbgsym

I found this on the list of packages on https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xorg-server


ubuntu acting weird after showing low on space warning

I've managed to login to my account (luckily the selected language was English when I booted the computer) and managed to free about 11gb on my home directory, and the problem was solved! I could normally change my language and system settings. I still don't know why that manual fsck thing happened. Thanks anyone who viewed this question!


Ubuntu 15.10 and Wifi MT7630e can't work (Asus transformer tp300la)

The solution given by David Foerster in the 1st commet worked for me. I'm ussing an Asus n750 with the MT7630 chipset. I followed his recomendation so: I went to the proposed link: https://github.com/neurobin/MT7630E/tree/e7130a42f8198cbf503a5a307175073c078bf340

Then I downloaded and unpacked the zipped file I opened a terminal and cd to the unpacked folder. In the terminal I directly wrote the code that are in the install file:

make
make install
sudo modprobe mt7630e
sudo modprobe mt76xx

and in that moment the wifi started to work. Thaks to Neurobin for such a fantastic job and thanks to David Foerster for the advice.


When applications do not update it signifies that their dependencies are broken or not installed.
I do not know about ia32-libs-multiarch:i386 .
and i think banshee-extension-soundmenu; banshee do not install (assuming you are installing them from a ppa) bcoz they might be having broken dependencies


How do I obtain updates on Ubuntu Server?

If you want upgrades automated, you can set up automatic upgrades using:

sudo apt-get install unattended-upgrades
sudo dpkg-reconfigure unattended-upgrades


No you can't access the files i iphone4s , me too Using the Same Phone, Last week i was Sync 1500 Songs to my iphone 4s Using Rythmbox Musci player, the sync was Done, And Space were occupied in iphone too, But while looking into my phones music player there was nothing, Used itunes in Windows and works.. Ubuntu Wont Support for iphone ..