You could try to boot a live system from USB stick. This is even possible on older machines, but with some detours.

You need another PC for that to create that bootsick. I recommend using the software UNetBootin to create a bootable stick. It's nearly self-explanatory.

If this old machine allows USB Legacy Emulation (found somewhere in the BIOS setup), enable it and try to boot from USB stick. If not, use Plop Boot Manager or something similar to boot from USB.

If you're able to bring up the live boot menu (UNetBootin menu, if created with UnetBootin), select Try Ubuntu. After the GUI finished loading, open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and enter the following commands:

# List partitions to find the correct one
sudo fdisk -l
# Memorize the name of the partiton with "Linux" type and "boot" flag
# Create mount directory (replace the hdd by anything you want)
sudo mkdir /media/hdd
# Mount partition into this directory (replace XY by memorized partition file name)
sudo mount /dev/sdXY /media/hdd
# Open root shell of the installed system
sudo chroot /media/sdXY
# Change password of user and drop back to live system shell
passwd username
exit

Now shut down your machine, remove the bootstick and boot into the installed system. The password should be the one entered on passwd username.


intel HD Graphic 4400 For Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

From https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/intel-graphics-installer-linux-1.4.0:

  Ubuntu 16.04 is already current with the latest Q1 2016 Intel Graphics stack and therefore no Graphics Installer is needed.

This means that no additional installation is necessary.


How do I change the permissions for my USBs?

I had this happen to me sometimes, and mostly when I use FAT formatted flash drives.

Can you copy files to it using the terminal, could it be related to this bug?

Most of the times that this used to happen to me, I was able to solve it by plugging it into a Windows machine, and using checkdisk on it (or whatever it was called, haven't used it for a while).

Just realized now, I never tried to use Ubuntu's fsck, and I have no idea why.


How to reduce the size of my Ubuntu main partition to be able to install a new OS in dual-boot

First of all, /dev/sda2 is not a drive but a partition!
To be more exact, it is the main partition of your Ubuntu installation (mount point / = file system root directory).

It seems like you want to resize the partition sda2 to get free space for installing Windows. This is not possible from within your running Ubuntu session because ext4 volumes can't be reduced in size while they're mounted. And you can't unmount your main partition. You see that it is mounted because of the key symbol next to the name in the table.

Therefore you have to boot from a live system (boot from the DVD/USB you used to install Ubuntu and select "Try Ubuntu" in the menu) where no disk partition gets mounted. Then you can use GParted and resize the partition. I recommend you to only move the right partition border to avoid getting boot problems.

I assume you better do not create partitions for Windows but leave the unpartitioned/unallocated space as it is. But this part is not on topic here on AskUbuntu...


USB port not working after resume from suspend - ubuntu 14.04

There is currently a confirmed open bug reported in March last year (2014) that is probably causing your problem. READ HERE

In the bug report are many users reporting they have Nouveau or Nvidia drivers installed, so it might or might not be related to this.

There are workarounds, none of them acceptable.But i would turn-off the sleep function for the time being, or run 'apt-get dist-upgrade' and upgrade to the latest release while hoping it will not carry the bug upstream.


You can move to another desktop by clicking CTRL+ALT+→ or ←.

It will not minimize the game, but it should move you to another desktop where you can surf.


open multiple instances of a (.pdf) file

It sounds like that your approach is using sequential invokation of the commands. You need to start the programs in the background. In bash (use your own program instead of the fictional 'openpdf'):

$ openpdf something.pdf &
[1] 1234
$

The & symbol tells bash to launch the program in the background. You can type in other commands while the other program is running. If you repeat this n times then it will be launched n times. Learn more about job control in bash by consulting the manual.


How to customize file filtering in Unity dash

In 11.10 you can filter your results to suit the file type you are looking for.
Open the Dash and select the Find Files tab.

You can then select the filter results drop down arrow and then highlight the Documents tab, in the search field you can type the file extension for the type of document you are looking for.

You can further filter by last modified.
This also works for Audio, Images, Video's etc.


How can I easily access favorite applications without overpopulating the launcher?

1. Combining multiple applications into one icon

To combine multiple applications in one icon in the launcher, you can use QLE Quicklist Editor

Disclaimer: I am the author of the application. The first version was developed when (I believe) 11.04 was just released, but the most recent version still works fine on 16.04. Currently rewriting it, but slowly, because it still works fine with current Ubuntu versions

To use the application

Install QLE Quicklist Editor:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:vlijm/qle
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install qle

As an example, I will add a few applications to my pinned Bluefish icon:

Open the quicklist editor:

Click on the big + icon, with the small + orange icon inside. In the popup list, choose "Add an application shortcut".
In the listbox, select your application and press Add

Done. Your applications was added to the icon:

Repeat this for every application you want to add to the icon.

Note

Make sure your application (in this case Bluefish) is not running when you edit the icon, else you will have to log out/in for the changes to be applied.

2. Alternatively, run your favorite applications from a menu in the panel

Use the indicator below to make your favorite applications easily accessible
With the setup below, you can have your applications under an icon in the panel:

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import os
import signal
import gi
gi.require_version('Gtk', '3.0')
gi.require_version('AppIndicator3', '0.1')
from gi.repository import Gtk, AppIndicator3

currpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

class Indicator():
    def __init__(self):
        self.app = 'update_setting'
        iconpath = currpath+"/icon.png"
        self.indicator = AppIndicator3.Indicator.new(
            self.app, iconpath,
            AppIndicator3.IndicatorCategory.SYSTEM_SERVICES)
        self.indicator.set_status(AppIndicator3.IndicatorStatus.ACTIVE)
        self.indicator.set_menu(self.create_menu())

    def getscripts(self):
        apps = [l.strip().split("|") for l in open(currpath+"/applist").readlines()\
                if not l == "\n"]
        for l in apps:
            menuitem = Gtk.MenuItem(l[0])
            menuitem.connect("activate", self.run_script, l[1])
            self.menu.append(menuitem)

    def create_menu(self):
        self.menu = Gtk.Menu()
        self.getscripts()
        # quit
        item_quit = Gtk.MenuItem('Quit')
        sep = Gtk.SeparatorMenuItem()
        self.menu.append(sep)
        item_quit.connect('activate', self.stop)
        self.menu.append(item_quit)
        self.menu.show_all()
        return self.menu

    def run_script(self, widget, script):
        subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", script])

    def stop(self, source):
        Gtk.main_quit()

Indicator()
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_DFL)
Gtk.main()

The icon

How to use

Create a folder to contain the script, the icon and a application list (see further)
Copy the script into an empty file, save it as list_applications.py in the folder you created.
Copy the icon (right-click -> save as), save it as (exactly) icon.png in one and the same folder as the script.
Now create, again in the very same folder, a file, (exactly) named applist(no extension). Now add for each of your applications a line, with the name you want to use for the application, and the command to run it. Use the delimiter |e.g.:

Test- run the script with the command:

python3 /path/to/list_applications.py

If all works fine, add it to Startup Applications: Dash > Startup Applications > Add. Add the command:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 10 &&  python3 /path/to/list_applications.py"

Note

If you add or remove applications to or from the list, the script needs to be restarted.


juju: deploying lamp charm on ec2 causes instances to terminate

Solved it. If anyone else has the problem:

I was putting the first instance, (the one I ran juju bootstrap on) in the same security group as all the instances juju creates.

When I found this: https://bugs.launchpad.net/juju/+bug/1161906
which describes how juju cleans up "orphaned" instances. Since my master instance was in the security group for the created instance, juju thought it was orphaned.

tl;dr: don't have your first instance in the same security group as the created instances.


Turn off Software Center putting apps in Dock automatically

Yes. Open up the Software Centre, click on the View menu and untick New Applications in Launcher.


External monitor wired to Nvidia card not working on 20.04

Thank you for the workaround. It works! but a small correction - There is no 's' in 'driver'

so you do:

sudo apt install nvidia-driver-435


Where can i find linux 3.8.11 kernel image in order to build wacom drivers for Samsung Chromebook 2

Try the ubuntu Kernel Mainline:

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/

You'll find the latest and also previous kernel packages and sources. Also, try kernel.org, the official Linux Kernel repository.


Trouble with Qt libraries while installing Gnu Octave 4.0.0 from source

What isn't obvious (or installed with the INSTALL.OCTAVE suggested apt-get builddep octave) is that Octave wants qt4, I tried first by installing qt5 dev packages.

What I did that made it work was:

sudo apt-get install  libqt4-opengl-dev libqt4-private-dev libqt4pas-dev

but reading the page you linked to makes me believe you need just (and this includes the packages I already had installed:

sudo apt-get install libqt4-dev libqtcore4 libqtwebkit4 libqt4-network libqtgui4 libqt4-opengl-dev

After that the ./configure worked nicely and detected qt.

The great big, support everything, command listed at the bottom appears to do the right thing for installing dependencies as well:

sudo apt-get install gcc g++ gfortran make libblas-dev liblapack-dev libpcre3-dev libarpack2-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev epstool libfftw3-dev transfig libfltk1.3-dev libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libgl2ps-dev libglpk-dev libreadline-dev gnuplot-x11 libgraphicsmagick++1-dev libhdf5-serial-dev openjdk-8-jdk libsndfile1-dev llvm-dev lpr texinfo libgl1-mesa-dev libosmesa6-dev pstoedit portaudio19-dev libqhull-dev libqrupdate-dev libqscintilla2-dev libqt4-dev libqtcore4 libqtwebkit4 libqt4-network libqtgui4 libqt4-opengl-dev libsuitesparse-dev texlive libxft-dev zlib1g-dev autoconf automake bison flex gperf gzip icoutils librsvg2-bin libtool perl rsync tar

But that might easily install a lot more dependencies that you really need.


How to install "NimbusSanL-Regu" font in Ubuntu 18.04?

I think it's provided by the gsfonts package in the Ubuntu archive.

sudo apt install gsfonts

On my machine I see these Nimbus fonts:

$ fc-match -a | grep -i nimbus
n019003l.pfb: "Nimbus Sans L" "Regular"
n019043l.pfb: "Nimbus Sans L" "Regular Condensed"
n019004l.pfb: "Nimbus Sans L" "Bold"
n019044l.pfb: "Nimbus Sans L" "Bold Condensed"
n019023l.pfb: "Nimbus Sans L" "Regular Italic"
n019063l.pfb: "Nimbus Sans L" "Regular Condensed Italic"
n019024l.pfb: "Nimbus Sans L" "Bold Italic"
n019064l.pfb: "Nimbus Sans L" "Bold Condensed Italic"
n021003l.pfb: "Nimbus Roman No9 L" "Regular"
n022003l.pfb: "Nimbus Mono L" "Regular"
n021004l.pfb: "Nimbus Roman No9 L" "Medium"
n022004l.pfb: "Nimbus Mono L" "Bold"
n021023l.pfb: "Nimbus Roman No9 L" "Regular Italic"
n021024l.pfb: "Nimbus Roman No9 L" "Medium Italic"
n022023l.pfb: "Nimbus Mono L" "Regular Oblique"
n022024l.pfb: "Nimbus Mono L" "Bold Oblique"


How do I install Adium themes in Empathy?

You can still install them manually by downloading the themes, then extracting them to ~/.local/share/adium/message-styles, that will make your downloaded themes available in Empathy. Certainly not as fun as using an install script, however it's guaranteed to work.


I had the exact same issue.
I searched the whole internet for days but couldn't find any practical help. However, by trial and error, following two things worked for me:

Right Click on Chrome Tabs bar/ Toolbar and check Use system title bar and borders.
Note: When I did this, my minimize, maximize and close buttons disappeared. Hence, I used the second method.
If you are using Gnome Tweaks, keep Hide Top Bar toggle off, in the Extensions tab.


Have to re-plug speaker jack input to get sound

A lot of issues can be avoided by using 14.04 LTS version of Ubuntu instead of 15.10. I tried the later and it had so many bugs in my experience whereas with 14.04 I experience no issues at all. Ubuntu website also states that 14.04 is "Recommended for most users".

Anyway, Ubuntu has a great program called PulseAudio Volume Control from Ubuntu Software Center. You can try fixing your sound configuration with this app:

In application's "Output Devices" tab choose default output device by pressing green button (device which is not selected will be default, not the opposite).
Try changing "Port" in the same tab (usually it will be a choice between headphones and speakers).
Choose suitable profile in "Configuration" tab.
You can also choose settings per specific application, 1) play music with chosen application 2) and go to "Playback" tab where you can select suitable device for that application and its settings.

I think in the process of tuning the configuration you may solve this issue.


Error to load module btusb with kernel 4.10.0-20-generic

You need to go back to the drivers/bluetooth directory of your source code and then
make -C /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build M=$(pwd) clean
cp /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/.config ./
cp /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/Module.symvers Module.symvers
make -C /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build M=$(pwd) modules
sudo cp btusb.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/bluetooth
sudo modprobe -r btusb
sudo modprobe -v btusb

The error occurred because the source code was compiled on the wrong kernel header.  The modinfo results confirm this as the vermagic info(kernel 4.10.8) doesn't match the filename info(4.10.0-20)


You can try removing the systray flag in the launcher options. I'll try to explain through screenshots. Unfortunately I've the desktop in Italian, but since the positions are the same, I hope it helps nonetheless.

Go to the K launcher (if you have not, put Dolphin among the favorites) and click with the right button on it. Go to "Edit application":

Then Application tab -> Advanced options:

Unflag the systray related option. It is "Place in system tray":

Hope this helps.


Make sure that Blank screen after, and Switch off display after are both disabled, and screen saver is Off.  See image below.


How can I keep my data partition as /home when installing Ubuntu over Windows?

You create a backup and make sure you can restore it.  That way you can format your system and set it up using EXT. Then restore the files.
No, it can NOT be /home. /home needs to be EXT4 so will get formatted when you mount the partition and it is NTFS.

You can however mount, not format, your windows partition using NTFS file system  to a custom mountpoint (I use /discworld/ for all my personal data and /home/ is empty) and it will get added to your Ubuntu. Mind that it is not the best idea to use Microsoft file systems when not having Windows. You will at some point run into issues where fixing it from within Windows is easier.

Do this as a temporary measure and plan a conversion of your NTFS system to EXT.


Where can I find a PPD file for a Laserjet 1005?

Possibly you are affected by this launchpad issue.

The recommendation is to download the latest hplip package from the HP website

Install the file:

cd ~/Downloads
sh hplip-3.11.10.run


/var/log/auth.log

That contains a lot more than just plain logins (sudo calls, etc) but logins are in there too. It's protected so you'll need to be root to read it:

sudo less /var/log/auth.log


Computer not hibernating despite free swap

Weirdly enough I found that Wubi hibernates just fine, it's just not called "hibernate" in the settings, it's variously called "Sleep" or "Suspend to RAM".

When I go to Settings > System Settings > Advanced > Power Management > Edit Profiles and edit the currently selected power profile (in my case "Powersave"), on the line that says: "When the system is idle for more than"... when I select "suspend to disk" (which matches my definition of hibernation) I get the exact problem you've described above.  I also tried increasing swap to something huge and it still didn't work.

But here's the odd thing: I just changed that setting to "suspend to RAM", and now it in fact hibernates just fine, in other words the screen goes blank and the hard disk stops spinning, and the light on my computer blinks, so that only the power button will wake it up again.  Regardless of what it's called, that matches my definition of hibernation.

Similarly, if I go to the shutdown menu and choose "hibernate", I again get the free swap space problem described above, but if I choose "sleep" then it goes into a state that perfectly matches my definition of hibernation.

So short answer: just use "sleep" or "suspend to RAM" and pretend it's called "hibernate".  You won't know the difference.


There already exists an Ansible layer. If you start creating your charm (Info found here) you can add this layer to you layer.yaml file. Here is an example of how your layer.yaml would look like:

includes: ['layer:basic', 'layer:ansible-base']
repo: git@github.com:sebastienpattyn93/ansible-charm.git

This will make sure that your charm will install Ansible. If you want your charm to things on top of ansible make sure to use the flag @when('ansible.available')

The github page of the ansible-base shows more information on how to use ansible playbooks with this charm.


Here is a step-by-step guide how to setup DVWA within Ubuntu 16.04 and the default Apache's configuration:

Pre-Requirements

The standard Ubuntu LAMP stack, that means we have working Apache2, MySQL, PHP. Refs:

What's the easiest way to set up a LAMP stack?
Ubuntu Community Help Wiki: Apache MySQL PHP
Linode: How to Install a LAMP Stack on Ubuntu 16.04.

Along with next additional PHP extensions:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install php-curl php-gd php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-xml php-xmlrpc

1. Download DVWA via Git

First install Git if it is not installed - sudo apt install git - and then:

cd /var/www/html
sudo git clone https://github.com/ethicalhack3r/DVWA.git

The above command will download the application into the folder /var/www/html/DVWA.

2. Create configuration file

Create the configuration file /var/www/html/DVWA/config/config.inc.php:

sudo cp /var/www/html/DVWA/config/config.inc.php.dist /var/www/html/DVWA/config/config.inc.php

Edit the configuration file in this way (lines from 18 to 21):

$_DVWA = array();
$_DVWA[ 'db_server' ]   = 'localhost';
$_DVWA[ 'db_database' ] = 'dvwaDatabase';
$_DVWA[ 'db_user' ]     = 'dvwaUser';
$_DVWA[ 'db_password' ] = 'dvw@~User~p@$$w0rd';

Where dvwaDatabase, dvwaUser and dvw@~User~p@$$w0rd are subject of your decision.
To edit the file via Nano type: sudo nano /var/www/html/DVWA/config/config.inc.php.
To save the changes and close Nano use Ctr+X then press Y and hit Enter.

3. Grant writable permissions

You should change the ownership of certain files and folders to Apache's user www-data:

sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/html/DVWA/hackable/uploads/
sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/html/DVWA/external/phpids/0.6/lib/IDS/tmp/phpids_log.txt

4. Create MySQL Database

The steps are:

Login to the MySQL server from a terminal.
Create Database.
Create User.
Grant all privileges on the Database to the user.
Reload the privileges from the grant tables in the MySQL database.
Exit MySQL.

The commands are:

$ mysql -u'root' -p
Enter password: *enter mysql root's password*

mysql> CREATE DATABASE dvwaDatabase;
mysql> CREATE USER 'dvwaUser'@'localhost' identified by 'dvw@~User~p@$$w0rd';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON dvwaDatabase.* TO 'dvwaUser'@'localhost';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> exit

Don't miss the semicolon (;) at the end of each sentence.

5. Enable certain PHP functions

Edit the existing /var/www/html/DVWA/config/.htaccess file with this content:

php_flag magic_quotes_gpc Off
php_flag allow_url_fopen On
php_flag allow_url_include On
php_flag display_errors On

I'm not sure you are really need to enable the function allow_url_include, but to do this you should edit your php.ini file, because this option is disabled by default. The default PHP version, within Ubuntu 16.04, is PHP7.0, so your php.ini file is located in /etc/php/7.0/apache2/ edit the file with Nano text editor and use Ctr+W to find allow_url_include, then change the line in this way:

allow_url_include = On

You can do the above step with a single command using sed:

sudo sed 's/allow_url_include = Off/allow_url_include = On/' /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini -i.bak

Check if the value is changed and restart Apache:

cat /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini | grep allow_url_include
sudo systemctl restart apache2.service

6. Open DVWA and continue with its setup

Open your browser and type: http://localhost/DVWA/. Initially you should use user: admin and passwd: admin, but next you should use user: admin and passwd: password.

That's it.

Further reading

How to update: man git-pull or Git pull contents without affecting the local file changes...
Advanced VirtualHost configuration: [1] How to setup an additional VirtualHost, [2] How to use a domain name for my local needs, [3] Another example - WP install, [4] How to set a domain to ip address?, [5] How to create and enable Let's Encrypt HTTPS certificate.
If you using XAMPP instead of the native LAMP stack the default DocumentRoot directory should be /opt/lampp/htdocs instead of /var/www/html and I think it is the only difference according the above guide.


What do these symbols "$@">/dev/null 2>&1" after a command mean?

"$@"

"$@" is equivalent to "$1" "$2" ... (the positional parameters to the command, good to use when there are special characters, for example spaces, within the parameters).

From man bash:

   Special Parameters
       The shell treats several parameters specially.  These parameters may  only
       be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
       *      Expands  to the positional parameters, starting from one.  When the
              expansion is not within double quotes,  each  positional  parameter
              expands  to  a  separate  word.  In contexts where it is performed,
              those words are subject to  further  word  splitting  and  pathname
              expansion.   When  the  expansion  occurs  within double quotes, it
              expands to a single word with the value of each parameter separated
              by  the first character of the IFS special variable.  That is, "$*"
              is equivalent to "$1c$2c...", where c is the first character of the
              value  of  the  IFS  variable.  If IFS is unset, the parameters are
              separated by spaces.  If IFS is null,  the  parameters  are  joined
              without intervening separators.
       @      Expands  to the positional parameters, starting from one.  When the
              expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to  a
              separate  word.   That  is, "$@" is equivalent to "$1" "$2" ...  If
              the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion  of
              the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the origi‐
              nal word, and the expansion of the last parameter  is  joined  with
              the  last  part of the original word.  When there are no positional
              parameters, "$@" and $@ expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed).

>

Redirection of standard output to a file

/dev/null

The special file that means that the output will be redirected 'nowhere' in other words not written anywhere.

See man null for more details.

2>

Redirection of error output to a file

2>&1

Redirection of error output to standard output

From man bash:

   Note that the order of redirections is significant.  For example, the com‐
   mand

          ls > dirlist 2>&1

   directs both standard output and standard error to the file dirlist, while
   the command

          ls 2>&1 > dirlist

   directs only the standard output to file  dirlist,  because  the  standard
   error  was  duplicated from the standard output before the standard output
   was redirected to dirlist.


Check external disk power condition / current state, Ubuntu terminal

As suggested by @waltinator, we can use smartctl as part of smartmontools:
sudo smartctl -n standby /dev/sdb
If the device is in standby, it should return exit code (2).


As suggested by @chili555, Ubuntu connect drops. Worked for a while then started dropping again solves the issue. Essentially, if your wireless is attempting to connect to some undesirable access point, you can force it to connect to the desired AP.


If you are not on a shared hosting environment, you can put your vars on /etc/environment and they will be accessible via $_SERVER when running from the CLI.

Format would be:

HOSTNAME="hostname"
USERNAME="username"
DB_PASSWORD="password"
DB_NAME="databaseName"

No SetEnv, One per line.

This would allow to keep this potentially sensitive configuration values outside of your code (and therefore outside of version control) for added safety.


How do you make the background of a dragged ListItem opaque?

You can colorise your ListItems the way you like even while dragging. UbuntuColors and Theme.Palette has colors the toolkit is using, if you need others you should use custom values. The background of the ListView is transparent, so the ListItem, so you should look for the colors your item is using hosting your ListView. If that's the Page/MainView, you'll see theme.palette.normal.background palette color in use.


I had the same issue. Uninstalling Nvidia drivers and installing them again helps.

1) Add PPA repository with beta drivers at the risk of an unstable system:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa

2) Install all recommended drivers automatically:

 sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall


My ubuntu connection is so slow but the phone connection is fine on the wifi

Let's try another newer version of the driver:

cd rtlwifi_new-master
sudo make uninstall
sudo modprobe -r rtl8821ae
cd ..
sudo rm -rf rtlwifi_new-master
git clone -b extended https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new
cd rtlwifi_new
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rtl8821ae

Any improvement?

EDIT: In your scan we see:

Cell 03 - Address: xx
                    Channel:1
                    Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
                    Quality=70/70  Signal level=-40 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"sdcwireless WiFi"
                    <snip>
                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : TKIP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    <snip>
                    IE: WPA Version 1
                        Group Cipher : TKIP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK

Ideally, we’d love to see these changes made:

  First, check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not
  any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your
  router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a
  channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40
  MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck
  with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel
  selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds
  only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot
  the router.

As well, we’d love to see the SSID renamed to one without a space in the name, such as  sdcwireless_WiFi.

Usually, Linux drivers are troubled by TKIP; as well, it is quite insecure: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_Key_Integrity_Protocol

  TKIP itself is no longer considered secure, and was deprecated in the
  2012 revision of the 802.11 standard.

We hope you are able to convince the company to secure the network.

We also see, in your message log:

[ 3313.007137] _rtl_pci_interrupt: 417 callbacks suppressed
[ 3318.009871] _rtl_pci_interrupt: 1732 callbacks suppressed
[ 3323.014813] _rtl_pci_interrupt: 2015 callbacks suppressed
[ 3328.018509] _rtl_pci_interrupt: 2167 callbacks suppressed

Let’s try a driver parameter to see if it helps:

sudo modprobe -r rtl8821ae
sudo modprobe rtl8821ae int_clear=0

If it helps, we’ll make it permanent.


I tried to install Microsoft Office with wine on Ubuntu 20.04 but it keeps saying it encountered a problem

slightly at a tangent - what does microsoft office have that is not available in LibreOffice (file compatible) that is part of the base Ubuntu install.
I appreciate there are some niche features that need MSO but have you tried LibreOffice - it reads and writes the files well.
Wine may need 32 bit libraries available to run some software - many posts on this on here
Installing from a terminal / command line may give more information on the "problem" which will allow a solution for you.


I don't think this is a graphics bug, I think the theme you're using is providing a texture that has a vertical gradient and it applies nicely to the taskbar but clearly not the notifications. I suggest trying another theme or editing this one.


The man page of xfce4-screenshooter mentions some of its options, including this one:

-s (--save): Directory where the screenshot will be saved

To save to a fixed screenshot directory, go to Setting Manager -> Keyboard -> Application Shortcuts and click Add command. Add this command:

xfce4-screenshooter -s ~/screenshots

Assign it to any key you like, like PrtScr.

PNG is the only output format possible for now, but you could write a script that converts the screenshots automatically to JPG every time you take a screenshot:

#!/bin/bash
mkdir -p ~/screenshots
xfce4-screenshooter -fs ~/screenshots
cd ~/screenshots
mogrify -format jpg *.png

Save the script as shoot.sh and assign a shortcut key (CTRL+PrtScr works fine). The command to enter is sh shoot.sh. If you don't need the PNG files and you only want JPG files, you can add

rm *.png

to the script.

E-mail integration with Thunderbird:

#!/bin/bash
SCREENSHOTS=~/screenshots
mkdir -p $SCREENSHOTS
cd $SCREENSHOTS

xfce4-screenshooter -fs $SCREENSHOTS
SCREENSHOTPNG=`find . -type f -mmin -1`
SCREENSHOTPNG=`basename $SCREENSHOTPNG`
mogrify -format jpg $SCREENSHOTPNG
#uncomment the line below (remove the #) for even smaller files (and comment the line above):
#mogrify -resize 50% -format jpg $SCREENSHOTPNG
rm $SCREENSHOTPNG

SCREENSHOTJPG=`find . -type f -mmin -1`
SCREENSHOTJPG=`basename $SCREENSHOTJPG`
thunderbird --compose "attachment=$SCREENSHOTS/$SCREENSHOTJPG"

Thunderbird supports more default fields, see all parameters here.

Important
Mogrify is part of ImageMagick, so you need to have ImageMagick installed. On Ubuntu, you can install it with sudo apt-get install imagemagick


black screen after installing Kernel 3.0

Take a look at this answer: Booting to no display It seems that you aren't getting video display during the boot, as mentioned in the Troubleshooting BlankScreen at Ubuntu Wiki.

Additionally, answers provided from other users in the same question may be useful for you. Check them at: Booting to no display

Good luck!


Unable to connect Microsoft SQL-Server and Visual Studio code

Try executing the following command:

sudo apt-get install libodbc1 unixodbc msodbcsql mssql-tools unixodbc-dev

OR

In order to force "apt-get install" to answer "Yes" to any "Are you sure you want to install this package? [Y/n]" questions which may arise do:

sudo apt-get install libodbc1 unixodbc msodbcsql mssql-tools unixodbc-dev -y

Remember to leave feedback if that helps.


Welcome to the Ask Ubuntu forums!

/snap is only accessible by the root user (the user you created in the Ubuntu installation) so if you are running a virus scan as a regular user it cannot access the directory. Try running the antivirus program through the terminal by running:

sudo and the antivirus name and remember, all letters are non-capital. Plus, the package name may be different from the program name. For Sophos, the package name should be sophos or sophos-av so you would run:

sudo sophos or you would run sudo sophos-av

As for if something malicious is in /snap, it is very unlikely. Snaps are tested before being added to the Store and also they are self-contained. They can't read nor write to anywhere outside their directory.


How can I open the Applications tab in Ubuntu MATE using the (super) windows key?

The shortcut you want is called Show the panel's main menu

On my MATE system it's set to alt+F1. Click where the key combination is shown and then press the key combination you want to set (as you know)

You can also use Gsettings - quicker and easier if you know the exact command. To set the super key to open the applications menu just enter this in a terminal:

gsettings set org.mate.Marco.global-keybindings panel-main-menu '<Mod4>'

You may find it won't accept a single key if you've already set combinations with the super key though - you might have to use super and another key in combination, for example

gsettings set org.mate.Marco.global-keybindings panel-main-menu '<Mod4><Alt>'


What is the best way to calculate & verify, how much I/O's are received on a disk?

For live monitoring of read/write throughput to specific disks or partitions, you can use the tool nmon. It displays the absolute data rates per partition/disk as well as estimates how busy each one is in percent, including a nice bar chart.

You can install it using:

sudo apt install nmon

After that invoke it either as nmon and then press D to show the disk monitor, or run it as NMON=d nmon to directly display the disk monitor without further input. The refresh rate is 2 seconds by default, but you can manually change that using the -s parameter, e.g. nmon -s 1 for 1 second. To quit nmon, press Q or Ctrl+C.

Here's an example how it looks:

┌nmon─14g─────────────────────Hostname=type40mark3──Refresh= 6secs ───16:26.08─┐
│ Disk I/O ──/proc/diskstats────mostly in KB/s─────Warning:contains duplicates─│
│DiskName Busy  Read WriteMB|0          |25         |50          |75       100|│
│sda        0%    0.0    0.0|>                                                |│
│sda1       0%    0.0    0.0|>                                                |│
│sda2       0%    0.0    0.0|>                                                |│
│sda3       0%    0.0    0.0|>                                                |│
│sda4       0%    0.0    0.0|>                                                |│
│sda5       0%    0.0    0.0|>                                                |│
│sdb       49%  230.5    0.0|RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR                        >│
│sdb1      15%   75.0    0.0|RRRRRRRR                                     >   |│
│sdb2       4%   16.7    0.0|RR    >                                          |│
│sdb3       0%    2.7    0.0|R>                                               |│
│sdb4      30%  135.9    0.0|RRRRRRRRRRRRRRR                         >        |│
│sdb5       0%    0.0    0.0|>                                                |│
│sdb6       0%    0.0    0.0|>                                                |│
│dm-0       0%    0.0    0.0|>                                                |│
│Totals Read-MB/s=460.7    Writes-MB/s=0.1      Transfers/sec=469.0            │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Alternatively, if you just want to do a "speed test" of any disk, you can use the hdparm tool:

sudo hdparm -t /dev/sda

This will read from the specified device (here /dev/sda) for about 3 seconds and display the data rate afterwards. Note that it performs a "buffered read", but without using the disk cache. Use -T instead of -t to test read speeds from the disk's cache.

You can not test or determine write speeds this way though.


Safely back up a drive before sending it to data recovery lab (deleted files, not damaged drive)

Step 1: Boot from live CD/USB

Use the try Ubuntu without installing option. Plug in the external hard drive. It has to be at least 64GB or bigger.

Step 2: Identify the disks

Open Gparted. I prefer Gparted because it is visual and let me "see" the drives and partitions.  Click on the top right drop down and see the list of drives. Go through the list and identify the drives you want to work with, by their size and partition structure. You want to identify the internal hard drive you want to clone from as well as the external hard drive you want to copy to.

Step 3: Copy partition

Select the partition you you want to copy. Right click on it. From the context menu select copy.

Step 4: Paste partition

Select the external hard drive and paste the partition there. It is best if the external hard drive does not have any partitions and or data.

You don't have to create a new partition beforehand in the external hard disk to copy the partition. You will need unformatted / unallocated space in the disk

Apply to actually do the work. Until you press Apply it will look something like this:

Done!

Alternate command line method

Step 1: Boot from Live USB/DVD as before

Step 2: Identify the disks and partitions

Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter:

sudo lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT,LABEL

You will be asked for your password. When you type the password the cursor will not move and you won't see any *****. This is normal.

It would show something like this:

NAME   FSTYPE   SIZE MOUNTPOINT LABEL
sda           111.8G
├─sda1 swap     121M [SWAP]
└─sda2 ext4   111.7G /
sdc             232.8G
sdd             149.1G
└─sdd1 ext4     149.1G          original

Step 3: Copy partition (Or the whole drive) using dd

Copy the first partition

As before I assume we want to copy /dev/sdd1 to /dev/sdc1. Make sure the source partition /dev/sdd1 is unmounted. There should not be any partitions in /dev/sdc the destination drive. Your disks and partitions will be different. Adjust command accordingly:

sudo dd if=/dev/sdd1 of=/dev/sdc1

wait till it is done. It may take a long time. Once it is done you will see the command prompt $ again.

Alternately copy the whole drive

sudo dd if=/dev/sdd of=/dev/sdc

This is useful if you have many partitions in the original disk and want to save them all.
Hope this helps


You can start vlc from the command line by:

vlc --vout none /path/to/file.mp4

So vlc uses no video output module and the video will not be played, only the audio.

See chapter 2 of the user guide for all input and output modules of vlc.

You can bring vlc to nearly everything. I thought there was also a option to make me a sandwich.


Can't change my partition size through GParted

The screenshot shows that sda5 is in use and thus preventing changes to the partition.   I suggest you boot from live media such as GParted Live, which will not mount the partitions.  Then you should be able to resize/move sda5.  Note that if you move the start of the partition then you may need to restore the ability to boot.  See GParted FAQ.


What application or library in ubuntu 18.04 allows the media keys on a laptop for adjusting screen brightness to work?

On Xubuntu 18.04 (Ubuntu with xfce desktop) my brightness problem finally solved.

I opened 'Onboard Settings' under the 'Settings' menu. If your desktop doesn't have one, you can download it from Software Center.

On the 'Onboard Preferences' window, click the Layout menu, then choose the 'Full Keyboard' (Desktop keyboard with edit and function keys). Click here to view the Onboard Preferences window


To solve your problem, don't use deb files, if the packages can be installed via package manager and don't use debian repositories for no reason.
I assume, you have downloaded the deb from here or a similar side or you have added the line

deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main

to your sources.list.

Remove this repository and start the commands below

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get install --reinstall mysql-client-5.5


Finding out what takes up so much space (encryption related)

My mistake was a silly one and I have solved it.
I simply had put my .Private folder inside the trashcan as root and not actually removed it. The program ran under my regular user and did thus not check root's trashcan, which is why I could not see what took up all this space.


Looks like a possible duplicate. You should go here. And try to see if it solves your problem.

Digvijay


How to prevent KDE from loading the Gnome desktop for fullscreen applications?

Almost without a doubt I can be sure you are running Dropbox, which starts Nautilus under KDE no matter what you do. If you want nautilus to go away, you can run killall -9 nautilus. You can even add this to KDE startup applications and have it run only in KDE.


Using Shred to remove files on SSD - Lifespam

Memory used by SSD disks has a limit on write-cycles. If you use shred, it means you will overwrite all blocks occupied by file 3 times (default settings). So, if you use it consistently, the limit for memory cells will be reached faster.

According to answers on the following question at SuperUser:
How can I securely format a solid-state drive?
shred with a single random pass should be secure enough and will have less impact (1 write vs. 3 writes by default) on SSD memory.

If you are concerned about security, it might be better to use encryption.

And if you want to pass (e.g. sell) your SSD to other party - securely erase its content then.


How to install libQt5Quick.so.5 and other QtQuick dependencies on Ubuntu?

The https://packages.ubuntu.com provides an answer for your question - install corresponding packages:
sudo apt-get install libqt5quickcontrols2-5 libqt5multimedia5 libqt5webengine5 libqt5quick5 libqt5qml5

and then retry launching your application.


Webdav stops working after a few seconds

It is a bug in ubuntu 13.10.
Still no fix.
See here :
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gvfs/+bug/1223356

The problem seems to be with gvfs-dav (a component of Nautilus = Ubuntu's file manager),
so until it is fixed, if ever, you can use a different file manager that does not rely on gvfs, like Krusader, in which dav shares work fine.
See: http://www.krusader.org/


It seems to be a text-encoding issue between Windows & Ubuntu. There is a utility that converts file encoding to unix/dos style called dos2unix. (The complementary tools is unix2dos).

sudo apt-get install dos2unix
dos2unix filename.txt

It will convert line endings from Windows to Unix style.

Alternatively, you can just create a new file, using gedit, and paste the contents. Gedit would save it with the correct line endings. (CR, instead of CRLF)


Unable to execute shell scripts from `~/bin`

When you log in or start a new shell then some scripts get parsed. Exactly which scripts depend on which shell you use (e.g. ksh, csh, tsch, bash, dash, pinosh,  ...) and if it is a log-in shell or not.

If you are using Ubuntu's defaults then it is likely that it will contain this:

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

In other words, if ~/bin/ already exists, then add it to the search path.
If it does not exists then there is no reason to try to search that location every time. So do not add it.

This means that you will have to create ~/bin/ and then start a new shell, or create it and manually add a path to it.

As to "Most modern Linux distributions encourage". This was already encouraged in 1991 when I got my first unix account on a server running ESIX. Still true today though.


Actually I found perfect solution for that. It requires upstart so is far more easier than standard services, runit and systemd.

Here is more detailed instruction:
http://blog.arkency.com/2014/06/create-run-and-manage-your-background-processes-with-upstart/

And it is something like:

In /etc/init/my_program_upstart_script.conf:

start on my_event
respawn
exec /home/my_user/my_program/my_program_executable

Yes, so simple!

Just run the program with sudo initctl emit my_event.


Of course it wouldn't work fine. Lets take a peek at what /var/cache has:

ls /var/cache
apt               cracklib  dictionaries-common  git       lxc       pppconfig        sublime-text-2
apt-xapian-index  cups      fontconfig           jockey    man       samba
auto-apt          debconf   gdm                  ldconfig  pm-utils  software-center

Among others things, the cache has about the most massive amount of cache archives, from the current package lists, to virtual machines, to all sorts of important data that it is used in all moment:

sudo du -sh /var/cache/*
517M    /var/cache/apt
88M     /var/cache/apt-xapian-index
72M     /var/cache/auto-apt
448K    /var/cache/cracklib
5.8M    /var/cache/cups
5.1M    /var/cache/debconf
36K     /var/cache/dictionaries-common
660K    /var/cache/fontconfig
4.0K    /var/cache/gdm
4.0K    /var/cache/git
4.0K    /var/cache/jockey
84K     /var/cache/ldconfig
488M    /var/cache/lxc
3.6M    /var/cache/man
4.0K    /var/cache/pm-utils
4.0K    /var/cache/pppconfig
4.0K    /var/cache/samba
5.7M    /var/cache/software-center
5.5M    /var/cache/sublime-text-2

Making the /var/cache a tmpfs just because is cache is a very bad move. Instead move it to an HDD if you don't want to wear your SSD (through, truth be told, /var/cache isn't written so often as it's read (unless you use samba)) instead using tempfs.


How to install my video card to the VirtualBox (Ubuntu host, Windows guest)?

To my best knowledge, you cannot install your host's adapter in the guest OS, although you can enable 3D acceleration in VirtualBox.

You can find a detailed documentation in the corresponding section of the official VirtualBox manual.


Ubuntu to replace Vista and thereby reboot my computer?

BootMGR is easily fixed from a Windows recovery disc. see this link for an example.

If you install Ubuntu (and I do recommend it) it will autodetect Vista and set an option for you to boot into it after it's done installing. It cannot do it from the CD, however. Windows' boot loader needs to be fixed for it to work.


Isolate specific info from terminal output

A clever use of pipes is usually the answer. For example you can use the raw ifconfig output:

$ ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.0.4  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.0.255
        inet6 fe80::ca60:ff:fe06:ac5b  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether c8:60:00:06:ac:5b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 622902  bytes 792538068 (755.8 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 392538  bytes 37764707 (36.0 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

And then carve away this output until you see the information you are after:

$ ifconfig eth0 | grep -w inet | cut -d ' ' -f 10
192.168.0.4

My own choice of weapons:

Use grep with the -w option to search for only whole word matches. This way we do not catch inet6 as well.
Use cut with a delimiter  (-d) of a space and then select the appropriate field (-f) number to get the information we are after.

There are many, many tools to do this and doubtless a better way to accomplish this particular job. But this example shows the use of pipes and several of the tools that you can use.


Getting Nvidia GeForce GT 635M to work in 13.04

I have no experience with these drivers and I don't own such hardware but I will try to give some preliminary information and hopefully it helps a bit.

There is no special way that would provide higher reliability for something that was installed from .run file. If you want stability then always prefer installing software from Ubuntu repositories – not getting bleeding edge also means less bleeding. I have one tip though. With some run files there is an option to create deb-file from the installer. If you install that deb-file it is much easier to remove/replace it later. I have done it previously with ATI drivers but based on this answer it seems to be much more difficult with Nvidia drivers.
There is a good guide about installing run files here.
Depends on so many things that it is best to try what works best on your system.
Proprietary drivers are called after nvidia and open source drivers are called nouveau. The rest that you have named are special extras for special hardware. Namely for Nvidia Optimus technology that you have in your laptop. Basically it means you have two graphics adapters – one lighter that is used on regular tasks and other much more powerful that is used when needed. For handling all that complexity extra software is needed and this is exactly what Bumbelbee is for. In theory one could use Bumbelbee both either with proprietary driver or nouveau driver.
For Bumbelbee setup on Ubuntu see this.
As I read from here you could check   /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf file to see which driver Bumblebee is using.
Primus and optirun/VirtualGL are pieces of software that help in 3D rendering (process of generating an graphical images) and Bumbelbee uses them to get its job done. Apparently as they claim Primus is newer and better alternative to VirtualGL. To read more about Primus and how to install it see this.
With proprietary driver you get GUI rather similar to Nvidia settings in Windows. With open source drivers you can use GUI settings managers that come with Ubuntu. In my experience both options work fine.
As I understand it from your comments then there is either a bug in your system or in Ubuntu in general or you either have too new hardware (its a sweet machine). The point is that if there are proprietary drivers allowed in your system but Ubuntu doesn't offer driver under Additional drivers then either hardware doesn't get detected or the driver in the repository doesn't support your hardware or something is broken. So it might also be a bug that you should report. In any case, looking at the current situation my advice would be to try set up nouveau with Bumbelbee and preferably start with fresh install as after “trying several things” tends to mess up things. All you need should be in the ppa:bumblebee/stable and Ubuntu repositories. Make sure you follow the Bumblebee guide in Ubuntu wiki. It is always good to try some already tried options again in a clean system when you know better what you are doing and what is what.

Other tips:

Use synaptic as advised by meteorainer as it is especially good
tool for such troubleshooting situations. It is as surgical as you
can get in package management without being command line guru.
When you try one driver see before that other driver is removed (in synaptic select to remove completely particular package or on command line use apt-get --purge remove package-name-goes-here).  Having
open source driver and proprietary driver installed at the same time
is very likely to cause problems.
Keep track of what driver is being loaded. Especially when things are broken. The most important part of solving complex problems is having the data and in this case it means making good notes. There are various options for doing this. For an example you could use:

~$ sudo lshw -c video

or:

~$ lspci -nnk | grep -iA3 vga

If you still get stuck don't hesitate to expand your original question with new information.

Also if you find this answer useful click upper arrow in the upper left corner.

PS! If there is any incorrect information here let me know and I will edit my text.


Multiple YouTube videos on the subject found with this search: https://www.google.com/search?q=change+soundtrack+on+MP4+video+editor+linux

Multiple Linux video editor apps are listed at https://itsfoss.com/best-video-editing-software-linux/

A few reviews of those tools are at https://opensource.com/article/18/4/new-state-video-editing-linux

That article suggested converting the MP3 file to WAV first, easily done as described in https://linuxreviews.org/HOWTO_Convert_audio_files

If the audio clip is too short or long, Audacity can alter its length without changing the pitch.


In my case I run crontab using current user session:
$ crontab -e

* * * * * /usr/bin/play -q /home/user/test/bell.wav

This makes a sound playing every minute.
First try using simpler commands.
If you want to configure alarm for different users, you could use crontab -e from their terminal sessions. To switch to other user terminal session, use su username command.
But, better, instead of using commands with parameters in crontab, use script and specify its path in crontab. Don't forget to chmod +x yourscriptpath and also, don't forget to specify full paths to binaries and check your scripts by executing sh pathtoyour/script.sh
If you could run the next in terminal:
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$(id -u) play -q /home/harun/Desktop/music.wav > alarmFile
crontab alarmFile
rm -f alarmFile
rm -f musicFile.txt

Then you could try to add it in your crontab file by crontab -e command execution and by editing it:
15 7 * * * XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$(id -u) play -q /home/harun/Desktop/music.wav > /home/harum/alarmFile && /bin/rm -f /home/harun/alarmFile && /bin/rm -f /home/harum/musicFile.txt

To check if it works now, just replace 15 7 by * *.
Script creation:
vim.tiny /home/harum/alarm.sh

#!/bin/bash
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$(id -u) play -q /home/harun/Desktop/music.wav > /home/harum/alarmFile && /bin/rm -f /home/harun/alarmFile && /bin/rm -f /home/harum/musicFile.txt

Making script executable:
chmod +x /home/harum/alarm.sh

Adding script to crontab:
crontab -e

15 7 * * * /home/harum/alarm.sh

Finally, as one of commentators suggested, you could use XDG_RUNTIME_DIR in your script by specifying the specific user directly (if you want to run your script as root but use other's user id in your script:
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$(id yourSpecificUser | awk -F" " '{print $1}' | awk -F"(" '{print $1}' | awk -F"=" '{print $2}')


You might try using the suggestion here: How to make VNC Server work with ubuntu-desktop without xfce to see if that does what you need.


you must change the value of SSLCertificateFile to ssl.crt/server.crt and SSLCertificateKeyFile to ssl.key/server.key.
Because relative directory addressing is start from the current folder of config file. also you can change these addresses to absolute type by entering full address.
put this VirtualHost in httpd.conf.


You move all partitions to the left. You have to do this from a live session, since you can't move the filesystem underneath your currently booted system's feet.

So.

boot the Ubuntu CD
open gparted (the live session has it preinstalled)
unmount any partitions that may be mounted (indicated by the key icons), the swap partition is likely used by the live session, so this must be unmounted.
resize the extended partition (/dev/sda1) to cover the entire drive
drag and move the other two partitions to the left.

Moving partitions like that may take a few hours.


What does `cat file | ssh host 'cat - >file'` do?

The part following cat "$NGINX_CONF" serves to copy the file from the $NGINX_CONF variable to the remote machine using ssh and perform other actions.

cat "$NGINX_CONF" | ssh opens the file and pipes it to the ssh process, a less efficient way of letting the shell do the same with

<"$NGINX_CONF" ssh

The part in single quotes holds the command(s) to run on the remote machine. ssh forwards its input (i.e. the file content) to this command.
cat - > /tmp/ironscales redirects cat’s (= ssh’s) standard input (-) to the specified file


Ubuntu Bash on Windows - Accessing Windows drive

While in the Ubuntu Bash, your C drive is located in /mnt/c.

So, for example, your desktop would be at:

/mnt/c/Users/<username>/Desktop


I don't know if paid software can be recommended, but after testing a lot of free tools, I finally decided to go for Beyond Compare.

Meld was my previous choice but abandonned it due to instabilities during merging of very large folders.


I'm using Eclipse Indigo and have no problem writing PHP code using the PDT plugin. It might be the Java version you're using. I'm using OpenJDK 64-bit 1.6.0_22.

When programming PHP, you could take a look at netbeans. It supports features like refactoring in PHP (Eclipse PDT doesn't).


Vertex Dark Theme doesn't look good in VMware Workstation 11.1.3

Launch it with export VMWARE_USE_SHIPPED_GTK=force vmware and you can continue to use your dark theme and vmware will use the inbuilt Gtk theme.  UPDATED:  Please see VMWare Workstation 14 Update for GTK3+.


The system is runnng in low-graphics mode(Ubuntu 14.04)

Try this:

sudo software-properties-gtk

Choose additional drivers tab, then see if there available drivers.

Next after choosing the available driver restart your computer.

If that didn't work, try this command

sudo update-alternatives --config x86_64-linux-gnu_gl_conf

and change the value to different driver.

Thats all i can think of.


Where is the usage of Ubuntu cloud guest image on OpenStack documented?

I was having the same issue, so I ended up downloading all the "trusty-server-cloudimg-amd64" prefixed images. There was a tar which when unzipped contained a README.files that provided some information:

This compressed tar archive contains files relevant to this machine image.
Each filename is prefixed by a constant string denoting release and
architecture information.  The prefix, for example, may be
'maverick-server-cloudimg-amd64', in which case files will be named like
  maverick-server-cloudimg-amd64.img
  maverick-server-cloudimg-amd64-vmlinuz-virtual

All or some of the following files may be present in the archive:

.img
This file is an partition image.  It can be bundled, uploaded and
registered to EC2, Eucalyptus or OpenStack as a Amazon Machine Image
(ami/emi).
-disk1.img
This is a qcow2 compressed disk image.  It can be uploaded to OpenStack
or booted directly via kvm.  You should probably uncompress the image
(qemu-img convert) before use in non-testing environment.
-uefi1.img
This is a qcow2 compressed disk image that has GPT partitioning and a UEFI
bootloader. It is bootable via UEFI, BIOS/GPT and PVGRUB (with support
for GPT partition tables. It is bootable in OpenStack or directly via kvm.
You should probably uncompress the images (qemu-img convert) before using
it in a non-testing environment.
-root.tar.gz
This is a compressed tar file containing the contents of the root
filesystem.  Essentially, 'tar cpzf - /'.
-vmlinuz-virtual
This is a Linux kernel.  It can be bundled, uploaded, and registered
UEC as an Amazon Kernel Image (aki/eki).  The '-virtual' string
represents the Ubuntu Linux package that this kernel came from.  It
could potentially be '-server' or another string.
-initrd-virtual
This is a Linux initrd.  It can be bundled, uploaded, and registered
UEC as an Amazon Ramdisk Image (ari/eri). Not all images require an
initrd, and thus this file may not be present.  If it is not present,
then the image should be registered without a ramdisk.
-loader
This file is a multiboot compliant image capable of loading the
guest image. On UEC installs where the host operating system is 10.10 or
later (LP: #611144), this can registered as a kernel (eki).
It provides function similar to the Amazon released feature
"Enabling User Provided Kernels".  When the loader is used to boot an
instance, a kernel upgrade performed inside the instance will take
affect on subsequent boots.
-floppy
This file is a floppy disk image.  It is not useful or relevant to
running inside of EC2 or UEC.
The purpose of this file is to allow booting the .img outside a cloud.
To boot outside of a cloud environment (where a metadata service is not
present), the following kvm command line can be used:
 kvm -boot a -fda -floppy -drive file=.img,if=virtio
This is not necessary, and generally obsolete, if -disk1.img is
available.


How do I set up two monitors on two very different graphics cards?

You didn't do anything wrong.  What you're trying to do is "impossible".  Both graphics cards have their own discrete memory and you need a shared frame buffer between the two to make this work...

The BumbleBee project is doing this for Intel and NVidia cards, but they don't support AMD/ATI cards, so unless you start programming this yourself for AMD, it's "impossible"... (for a certain definition of impossible.  Look up Charles De Gaulle)

Sorry to be the harbinger of bad news...


How to automate a ubuntu server ISO instalation so I can plug in, turn on, and ssh in?

two options:

get a wired keyboard: this is by far the easiest solution
Script the installation with a kickstart file.

Option 2 is complicated. Here is a guide:
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/installation-guide/i386/ch04s06.html

I once had to do it on a server that had no GUI and minimal console. It sucks. Get the keyboard.


Kana input with Japanese 106/109 key keyboard in Ubuntu 18.04

Well I did some more research on this.

First, setup Japanese language support and install ibus. I would remove fcitx if it is there, as I read this might cause problems.
I won't repeat these steps since they are well documented, but at this point you should see the following in Settings -> Region and Language:

To get the keyboard switching, I found two additional steps are needed.

Follow the steps on this page: Ubuntu で日本語キーボードレイアウト
It's in Japanese, but the steps are easy to follow.
Follow the instruction in the answer here: Japanese (Mozc) Wrong Keyboard Layout to modify mozc.xml.

mozc.xml can't be modified without root privileges, so it needs to be edited from the Terminal. In the directory containing mozc.xml, I used
sudo nano mozc.xml

Then restart.

Open some text app., and now hankaku/zenkaku or katakana/hiragana keys switch function as expected. For kana, the IME works as expected.

Half width you should see:

Full width you should see this:


LibreOffice Draw tries to download 27.9 MB data when I try to remove it

apt-get wants to upgrade some packages at the same time as you want to remove libreoffice-draw. Of course this requires downloading new packages:

  8 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 33 not upgraded.
  Need to get 27.9 MB/64.3 MB of archives.

At the same time, the operation frees some space overall:

  After this operation, 15.6 MB disk space will be freed.

If you run apt-get upgrade first, subsequently running apt-get remove libreoffice-draw, will no longer require downloading anything. Alternatively you can use the flag --no-upgrade to suppress the package upgrades in conjunction with the removal.


Should I select 'Install Ubuntu' or 'Try Ubuntu before installing' when using a live USB?

If you want to just try Ubuntu without making any changes to your existing system, go for Try Ubuntu (It does not run like a virtual machine, but will not change anything on your disks unless you manually do that), but if you want to install Ubuntu for permanently using it as one of your operating systems, then go for Install Ubuntu.

If you Try Ubuntu, then no changes are made to disk (except if you make manual changes after ubuntu boots up from the live USB.
If you choose Install Ubuntu, it will start up a sequence of steps with customizations where you can choose which partition of your disks will be modified/formatted and for what purpose.


How do I use Wubi in a "Frozen Disk" environment (aka computer labs)

Network and system admins are not there to make your life difficult.  You need to find out more about how the system works from them, and discuss with them how to add a Ubuntu image to the system.

The boot management system is probably not stored on the network card's firmware, but is likely some sort of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_booting firmware that looks for a PXE server running on your network to download instructions and possibly disk images from.

Without a network or system admin there, someone is going to need to figure out how to use your systems.

seriously a year and a half of no sys/net admin at a school is pretty cheap.
Windows XP was released in 2002, and it's now 2013 and 3 Microsoft OSes later.  New Ubuntu installs will definitely be all around better in every way.
Look into the Ubuntu variant of the Linux Terminal Server Project: Ubuntu TSP as a complete replacement for your PXE server and XP disk images.
organise a DHCP server for the lab and/or whole network, static IPs are a painful to manage.

If all that is too much for the current staff, then either hire an admin (needs money good luck with that) or simplify and make more tedious and possibly less secure, your systems.  By seeing if you can change the boot order in bios to make it boot from the HDD or USB disk before the network card.

If you make it boot from USB before the HDD then you can make a bunch of bootable USB sticks you can put in each machine before class, and remove them when the class is over.


Running AndroidStudio on Ubuntu 15.10 crash

I had to use Oracle Java 8 (as @wilf suggested as well), which works fine for now.

Downloaded from oracle.com and installed to /opt/java8-oracle
Starting Android Studio via env STUDIO_JDK=/opt/java8-oracle /opt/android-studio/bin/studio.sh


0 - I've done something pretty close to what you want.
See : https://askubuntu.com/a/1163082/77093
1 - Get rid of spaces in filenames
IFS=$'\n'
while read -r LINE || [ -n "${LINE}" ]; do
  # ...
done < me.txt

2 - you'd better use the mediainfo program as it outputs the video file duration in miliseconds.
sudo apt install mediainfo

Then
IFS=$'\n'
while read -r Line || [ -n "${Line}" ]; do
  # Test if file is video
  buff=$(file -N -i "${Line}" | grep -E 'video')
  if [ ! -z  "$buff" ]
    then
      MediaDuration=$(mediainfo --Output='General;%Duration%' "${Line}")
      # Want total duration of listed files?
      TotalDuration=$((TotalDuration + MediaDuration))
      # Want total number of video files?
      NbMedia=$((NbMedia + 1))
  fi
done < me.txt

# Format Duration: milliseconds to H:M:S
Seconds=$((TotalDuration / 1000))
FormattedDuration=$(printf '%02dh:%02dm:%02ds\n' $(($Seconds/3600)) $(($Seconds%3600/60)) $(($Seconds%60)))

# Build report
ReportText="${NbFiles} File"
test $NbFiles -gt 1 && ReportText="${ReportText}s"
ReportText="${ReportText} selected\n"
test $NbMedia -gt 0 && ReportText="${ReportText}${NbMedia} Media file" || ReportText="${ReportText}No media file"
test $NbMedia -gt 1 && ReportText="${ReportText}s"
test $NbMedia -gt 0 && ReportText="${ReportText}\nTotal duration: ${FormattedDuration}"


When you run `update-rc.d myscript default` - what is called on startup/shutdown?

That is correct.

Taken from man update-rc.d:

  If  defaults is used then update-rc.d will make links to start the ser‐
         vice in runlevels 2345 and to stop the service in  runlevels  016.   By
         default  all the links will have sequence number 20, but this should be
         overridden if there are dependencies. For example if daemon  B  depends
         on  A,  then  A must be started before B and B must be killed before A.
         You accomplish this by supplying two NN  arguments.  In  general,  core
         daemons  should start early and be killed late, whilst applications can
         start late and be killed early.

More information here, look for the "Installing custom init-scripts" section.


Can you clean install ubuntu (clean install, complete wipe ) if using Wubi?

Download the ISO of 12.04 from the Ubuntu website and use Unetbootin to create the USB.

Then boot into the Live CD and what I would do here is open up gparted and just delete all the partitions and make  new one in the format of EXT4.

The just install Ubuntu as normal, selecting the "use entire HDD" option.

Hope it helps.


Ougoing telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused

Connection refused, apart from the port being blocked, may also mean that nothing is listening on that port (or that IP/interface).

Please run the following on the machine you are trying to telnet to:

netstat --numeric-ports -l | grep 9143

And paste the output as a comment, or edit it into your question. If you get no output, then there's a problem with whatever program is supposed to be listening on port 9143.


Missing Schema Error in 18.04 moving launcher

You're using commands that no longer exist.

Since Ubuntu 18.04, Ubuntu now uses GNOME and GDM3 as the base of the Desktop Environment, and not Unity.

This is why you are getting the errors you are - there are no Unity configuration options anymore by default, so you can't set those.

Unless you installed the now community-supported-only Unity launcher, you won't have those schemas anymore.

The equivalents for the GNOME dock in use are:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock dock-position POSITION

... and the valid position values are: TOP, LEFT, RIGHT, and BOTTOM


How can you parse the output of "tree" by levels?

Consider using qdirstat-cache-writer on that RasPi and importing the resulting file to your PC where you can view it at your leisure with QDirStat.
More details here:
https://github.com/shundhammer/qdirstat/blob/master/doc/QDirStat-for-Servers.md
https://github.com/shundhammer/qdirstat
HTH
--
Stefan Hundhammer (QDirStat author)


How can I recover the / directory from a broken Ubuntu OS with live USB?

Ok so, as I said, I did basic boot-repair to no avail but afterwards entered recovery mode via the GRUB available and the processes ran therein recovered it and solved this issue.
P.S. For me boot-repair was, in my experience so far, best at getting past a bad GRUB with minimal BASH editing(subsequent issue) by restoring the MBR(advanced boot-repair option), rebooting, then doing a basic boot-repair. The laptop I did these experiments on didn't support UEFI.


Copy a date from the calender in top bar

You can do that by following these steps:

Open system settings
Go to Time & Date
At the bottom, select to set time manually, instead of automatically
Change the time and date to the time and date that you want to copy
Exit the window
Follow these instructions to copy date


unable to locate package php7.0 and libapache2-mod-php7.0

It appears you are missing the repository for php7.

Adding the php7 ppa:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
Then update:

sudo apt-get update

Now do a search to confirm php7 is there:

sudo apt search php7

Now install the php7 package:

sudo apt install php7.0-mysql php7.0-curl php7.0-json php7.0-cgi  php7.0 libapache2-mod-php7.0


Has anyone installed ubuntu on sony vaio vpccw16fg?(cw 1 series)

In brief Ubuntu will just work perfect with your model. I used to have same series model and I enjoy it...

Moreover, you can just try Ubuntu without installing. You can see this option while booting from the Ubuntu DVD. This will show you if your system will work with Ubuntu or not. But I can say you all your hardwware is compatible with it.

You can install it alongside your Windows if you really care about, or you can just remove Windows totally and work on Ubuntu.


bash, files, rename files, switch positions

mmv works well for uncomplicated file renaming.
mmv '*-*-*-*.mp4' '#1-#3-#4-#2.mp4'

It may also be helpful to have some more reference points to be sure not to change the name on something else, especially where there may be other files in the same directory.
mmv 'sluno-[0-9]*-call-[a-z]*.mp4' 'sluno-call-#3#4-#1#2.mp4'
             ^  ^        ^  ^
             1  2        3  4

sluno-20201027-call-metroua-status.mp4
      ^-------      ^-------------
      1   2         3       4

If I were to do it with the bare minimum, mv and bash I would go with a for-loop and bash builtin BRE matching.
for i in *.mp4; do \
    [[ $i =~ ^sluno-(.*)-call-(.*).mp4 ]] && \
    mv -- "$i" "sluno-call-${BASH_REMATCH[2]}-${BASH_REMATCH[1]}.mp4"; \
done


Google Chrome can not start under VNC (Ubuntu 18.04)

There appear to be two issues here.

GPU acceleration. You can resolve this by running

google-chrome --disable-gpu

gnome-keyring-daemon. This is a fairly common problem with a number of workarounds. The most acceptable to me is to execute this before launching chrome:

gnome-keyring-daemon --replace --foreground --components=secrets,ssh,pcks11

However, you may find one of the other options more acceptable.


SCP set permissions or timestamps even for user in the same group

Quoting WinSCP documentation for the error message:

You get this error, when a server fails to update file timestamp or permissions for some reason:

On some systems (e.g. Linux), you need to be an owner of the file (write permissions are not enough) to modify its permissions or timestamp (you will see an error like “Permissions denied” in error details).

...
Whatever the reason is, you need to turn off Set permissions and Preserve timestamp options or turn on Ignore permission errors.


Ubuntu and Windows use different partition types. Windows cannot normally read ext4 partitions.

My solution to this is to create an extra NTFS partition where I keep my documents, pictures etc.

I modified /etc/fstab to automount this partition on boot.

Then I modified the ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs file to point them to the folders in the extra partition.

I did a similar procedure to tell Windows where are my documents, pictures etc folders.


There's no description in the listing for zbrush 2020 at the WineHQ database of apps so you appear to be the first report. However, KDE does not perfectly copy the conventions of other desktops with respect to the Alt key, so you may wish to ask in KDE specialty web sites.


How about this:

#!/bin/bash

# test whether first argument exists and is a regular file, if not exit
[ -f "$1" ] || exit 1

# put 1440 bytes per output file
split -b 1440 "$1" "$1". &&

# merge files again
cat "$1".* >"${1%/*}/new-${1##*/}"

A script begins with a shebang specifying the program it should be run with, in this case that’s /bin/bash. First we test for the first argument to the script to be a regular file and exit if it’s not. The split command splits the file given as the first argument and creates output files like image.jpg.aa for a file image.jpg. Only if split exited successfully, the cat command merges them again using bash’s Pathname Expansion and Parameter Expansion and saves the output (i.e. the merged file) as new-image.jpg for a file image.jpg.

Save this script as e.g. splitmerge.bash, make it executable with chmod +x splitmerge.bash and run it with:

splitmerge.bash image.jpg

All output files are created in the input file’s directory regardless your current directory. If the script and/or the file to split is not located in your current directory, use absolute paths instead, e.g.:

~/scripts/splitmerge.bash /home/thmk/test/image.jpg


This is way way old...but still is at the top of the Google search results for Android/Ubuntu shared folders.

Use ifconfig on the command line. That will give you the info you need.


How to give read write permission to a folder and its sub folders and files?

You can use the recursive option any time.
sudo chown -R username /var/www


How to install windows 7 alongside ubuntu

Insert your windows 7 DVD / USB and reboot..

Follow the installation normally , when it comes to the stage of which type of install , choose custom installation. Then you can choose the drive where you installed Windows 8,

There either format windows 8 drive or choose to save windows 8 files under windows.old folder!


Is it possible to make sandwhich aliases?

No, you can not do that using shell aliases. You need to use a function.

Here is a simple function to do the job :

dim() {
cd /home/jason/Documents
vim "$1"
cd
}

The function dim will take a file name as argument. You can put this code snippet at the end of your ~/.bashrc file and then run it as:

dim file.txt

Replace file.txt with any file name you want.

To run it from the current shell session, source the ~/.bashrc file first :

. ~/.bashrc


How to know what options each command has?

There's no general way, especially for extensible programs like mount.

For mount, the -t foo option tells mount to run a mount.foo command. This depends on what you have installed. For example, I can use the following options for mount:

ceph  cifs  fuse  fuse.ceph  lowntfs-3g  nfs  nfs4  ntfs  ntfs-3g

Why? Because I have the following helpers for mount installed:

$ ls /sbin/mount.*
/sbin/mount.ceph       /sbin/mount.cifs        /sbin/mount.fuse
/sbin/mount.fuse.ceph  /sbin/mount.lowntfs-3g  /sbin/mount.nfs
/sbin/mount.nfs4       /sbin/mount.ntfs        /sbin/mount.ntfs-3g

In general, though, there's no way to know what you can run for a given command, especially if it can make use of external programs like mount does.


While you might have the PHP interpreter installed, the configure script is probably searching for the files necessary to compile new PHP extension modules.  Those files are found in the php5-dev package.  Try installing that?

sudo apt-get install php5-dev


Create DSL connection using Bash Script and connect using the same

You would have to store any script that you create. Storing it on a flash drive would be easiest to store it on.

But if your going to use a flash disk, you could just use a 4 gig (minimum) or greater USB flash disk to install Ubuntu on it pretty much the same as if you were installing it Ubuntu to the hard drive. That way every custom setting or additional installed software will remain the same after reboots.

Boot Live CD
Select  "Install"
When presented with a number of options for installing, you should select the option 'Something Else' to bring up the partitioning menu.
Select the fist USB drive partition or create it if necessary. For the sake of argument, lets say it is (sdb1), then select it and change the partition type to ext4.
Also, set the mount point to "/", and click ok.
Select sdb as the partition to install to.
Lastly the boot loader must be set to your flash drive (sdb)
After completing the install and booting your flash drive, its a good time to connect to your ISP. If your using adslppp  then you should follow these instructions https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ADSLPPPoE

After establishing your connection then in a terminal it would be good to run "sudo apt-get update" ; then run "sudo apt-get upgrade". Remember all changes and upgrades will remain.


Use evolution instead of thunderbird in top toolbar area

Open a terminal and install the evolution indicator:

sudo apt-get install evolution-indicator

Change the default email application in the messaging indicator:

dconf write /com/canonical/messages/applications "['evolution.desktop']"

Restart your session, the indicator will look like this:


ETPS/2 Elan Touchpad Not Detected And not working

Press F9 and wait a few seconds helps me but It doesn't save it on the next boot. And need again press F9. I don't know what the problem.


keysym Control_R = Left; Does not repeat when held

remove Control = Control_R

Filler text because my answer was too short.


Can't Use Radeon 8790M on Latitude E6540 with Kubuntu 13.04

Indeed patience was the solution.

ATI just published an updated driver (13.8 beta2), which installs successfully.


“No Installation Candidate” when trying to install gcc

You do not need to install software-center, you need to change your /etc/apt/sources.list to include
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main restricted
Since this is a server installation you can use the editor of your choice. Nano should be installed allready. So:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

and add the line

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main restricted

and run

apt-get update
apt-get install gcc


less command option % is not working - no such file or directory

You pressed enter after ! and you were returned to the shell where % does not have any special meaning.

Instead, of pressing enter, type

! du -h %

inside less and it should return the size of the file in the shell


On the USB key, rename the isolinux folder to syslinux.

In the same folder, rename the isolinux.bin and isolinux.cfg files to syslinux.bin and syslinux.cfg, respectively.

Now, try booting with the USB drive again.


This is a known issue and it's probably not in Thunderbird, but in Evolution Data Server, which is currently used for this purpose. It is at least partially related to this bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/oneiric/+source/desktopcouch/+bug/872639


Documents, Music, Downloads, Desktop files not showing

I changed nothing. I just created five directories named Documents,Music,Pictures,Downloads, Videos inside /home/partho/ and dragged and dropped the directories to the bookmarks bar left at the screen.

See the video how I dragged and drop.

Now Documents,Music,Pictures,Downloads,Videos are created as bookmarks and they are now accessible but lost data couldn't be retrieved.


What is the "Ubuntu" session on the login screen?

The desktop you see when you first login to Ubuntu, is called Unity. It's a "shell" for Ubuntu. There are two parallel versions of Unity. One makes use of the hardware acceleration in modern graphics adapters in order to provide nice effects. (The dash is transparent in real-time, for instance, meaning that if you open it while you have a video open, then you can see the video through the dash.

Ubuntu 2D, which is really called Unity 2D, does the same things, but without requiring accelerated graphics in your graphics adapter. It still has nice effects, like a transparent dash, but it's not live. That is, they fake it by making a copy of the background and use that to give the illusion of transparency. It works quite well, and because it doesn't make so heavy use of advanced graphics, it's better suited for lower end PCs or computers that do not have hardware accelerated 3D.

Unity is the main shell, used by default, but they're both nice. I'm currently using Unity 2D on a fairly strong computer, just because it's nice. :)


It turned out one of my gnome-shell extensions was broken. I had tried gnome-shell-extensions-tool -d <NAME> which claims it disabled the extension but I had to move the folder out of the directory to fix it.


restart problem after uninstall Ubuntu from Windows 7

You need to create Live CD with Ubuntu in it, an then you can Install Boot Repair

Some Instructions are given in the Link HERE

To add boot-repair to the repository

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair

To Update your repository

sudo apt-get update

To install boot-repair

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

Once Installation complete run boot-repair on terminal by typing the following command or select it by System->Aministration->Boot Repair.

boot-repair


erratic touchpad on Toshiba Satellite laptop with 16.04

If you search the internet for “Toshiba Radius Touchpad Not Working” you’ll see that a lot of people are having problems with that on other operating systems as well. It appears as if it’s a problem for that particular computer and not necessarily the OS that it is running.


Go to the folder you extracted it to in the terminal, and just run it:

cd Linux
./SUPERHOT\ September\ 2013.x86

(Or whatever you renamed it to.)
Ran fine on my system. I didn't see any .part2 files being extracted anywhere.

To get to a terminal, press CtrlAltT. Navigate to your Desktop by typing these commands and pressing enter:

cd ~/Desktop/Linux
./SUPERHOT.x86


What lines should be commented out in my sources.list file?

Anything related to older release can be removed from the sources.list.

During an upgrade the older release will get commented out (by adding a "#").

  but I'd like to know whether there should be a newer version of this line that isn't commented out?

That depends on what is checked in software&updates. If security is unchecked there does not need to be an extra line (though I would expect it to be there but commented out).


What kinds of desktop environments and shells are available?

GNOME Shell

GNOME Shell's Application Overview on Ubuntu GNOME 16.04LTS with GNOME 3.18

GNOME Shell is the "official" shell developed for GNOME 3 by the GNOME project. It is the default interface used by the officially-supported Ubuntu GNOME flavor, and is the default interface for the main Ubuntu flavor since 17.10 instead of Unity.

Features

Uses Mutter instead of Compiz for the window manager.
The Activities Overview provides an easy way to view all your open windows, drag windows between workspaces, search for applications, and more.
The Notifications system is designed to help you quickly respond to notifications in place or to return to them at a convenient time.
Extensions is a powerful feature that enables you to extend the functionality and interface of GNOME Shell. Have a look at GNOME Shell Extensions website to see the available ones. For more information on how to install these extensions, see the answers to this question.
By default, windows cannot be minimized in GNOME Shell, as the use of Activities Overview and Workspaces are supposed to replace that. This could need some getting used to at first. Or alternatively, you can use the GNOME Tweak Tool to enable the minimize window button.
GNOME Shell uses automatic workspace management; at any given moment, it only keeps open as many workspaces as you have active windows on, plus an extra empty one to start more windows. When you remove all the windows from a workspace, that workspace will be removed until you need it again. Alternatively, you can use the GNOME Tweak Tool to set a static number of workspaces.

System Requirements

GNOME Shell requires hardware acceleration, and has roughly similar requirements to Unity. As of the time that this was written, the GNOME developers aim to have GNOME Shell able to run on any hardware that is at most four to five years old.

How To Get It?

Before 17.10, Ubuntu GNOME was an Ubuntu flavour that had a full blown GNOME desktop environment installed and used by default. This is the recommended method to get GNOME Shell installed in Ubuntu, if you don't plan to use Unity, KDE or any other desktop environment. With 17.10 onwards, the default Ubuntu installation uses GNOME Shell with an Ubuntu theme and dock. A vanilla GNOME Shell can be installed using the vanilla-gnome-desktop package.

GNOME Shell is available in the official Ubuntu repositories. To install it on an existing install, click here:

Or run this in Terminal:

sudo apt install gnome-shell

Or if you prefer the GUI way, search for "gnome shell" in GNOME Software (or Ubuntu Software Center in older Ubuntu versions) and install the gnome-shell package. More instructions on how to install it can be found here. (The complete package including settings, etc, is found in the package ubuntu-gnome-desktop).


What has changed in nvidia proprietary driver packaging in 18.04 Bionic?

Don't use a ppa and don't install manually. Just enable the "restricted" and "universe" repositories and then install the drivers using apt:

sudo apt install nvidia-xxx libcuda1 nvidia-opencl-icd nvidia-settings

Replace "xxx" with the actual driver version.

For a list of available drivers, run  the following command:

apt-cache search nvidia | grep -P '^nvidia-'


Thunderbird 12.0.1 doesn't recognize any of my emails on Ubuntu 12.04 x86_64

It looks like the problem is related to temporary maintenance of thunderbird since I could create my emails today. []'s


Problem with phase inverted internal mic on Lenovo Ideapad 320, Ubuntu 18.04

I was facing with this same issue till yesterday on the new lenovo ideapad 320.
I did the pavucontrol to unlock the channels and mute one of them, followed by

editing  /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-input-internal-mic.conf
Under [Element Internal Mic Boost] set volume to zero.
Under [Element Int Mic Boost] set volume to zero.
Under [Element Mic Boost] set volume to zero.

reference : https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/PulseAudio/Troubleshooting#Microphone_distorted_due_to_automatic_adjustment
Credits to https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=183740

Tried with skype echo test service.
Hope this helps.


No grub, no terminal blank screen boot 14.04.3 LTS

If you have SSH set up, you might be able to log in to the computer from another one and change the xorg.conf that way.


Ubuntu 18.04 brightness/backlight command

xrandr can do this. Type in xrandr to find the name of the display that's connected it will likely be named whatever_interface_you_use-1. Then use

xrandr --output the_display_name --brightness brightness_level

With brightness-level being a number between 0 and 1. Don't type in 0 unless you want your screen to go black.


I get occasional freezes in Minecraft and use sudo killall java in the terminal. This ends all java processes, which for me is only Minecraft and the launcher. No need to logout and in again.


how to customize boot animation in ubuntu 13.04?

It's Plymouth you're talking about. You can find the configuration and related files in: /lib/plymouth/, /lib/plymouth/themes/. To find more about it and for some tips/tricks visit the Ubuntu's wiki on plymouth.

Snapshots showing some plymouth themes under universe section in Synaptic Package Manager:

(search for plymouth in synaptic package manager; if universe repository is not available goto Settings -> Repositories -> Ubuntu Software, and mark the Universe repo., then reload. After that resume your search.)

(a snapshot of plymouth-theme-solar, a package which contains the solar theme featuring a violent blue flaring star, and other space-like animations.)

Links you'd want to visit:

Ubuntu Gnome Paw plymouth theme 0.1
Install And Change Plymouth Themes In Ubuntu Using Zorin Splash Screen Manager


How to enable the Unity plugin without ccsm

I gave it a try. I have unchecked the Unity Plug-in. Windows decorations (title) disappeared, No windows switching, No Unity panel or launcher bar.

Try to re-enable the Unity plug-in no success (Check it, Go back and try again, it is still unchecked). Restarted gdm/lightdm, login again, same thing.

How it was fixed:

Using CompizConfiguration Setting Manager or ccsm
Uncheck Gnome Compatibility in General group.
Check again Ubuntu Unity Plugin in Desktop group.

Back to normal.


OpenSSH defaults (sshd_config) on root server

It would be simplest to purge and reinstall openssh-server. If not, you can extract it from the postinst script.

sed '1,/EOF/d; /EOF/,$d' /var/lib/dpkg/info/openssh-server.postinst > /etc/ssh/sshd_config


Ubuntu 14.04 Error when compile PHP 5.6.3

Error message tells that you can add -fPIC compiler flag.

http://jaytaylor.com/blog/2010/10/06/howto-fix-fpic-errors/

On this page you can find semi-good solution - enable PIC to whole PHP.

export CC=”gcc -fPIC”
export CXX=”g++ -fPIC”

But I don't know what disadvantages this solution has.


From the Kubuntu forums

https://www.kubuntuforums.net/showthread.php/73757-plasma-5-13-0?p=416441&viewfull=1#post416441

acheron:

  ...we are waiting on the required new Qt version to be done for
  Ubuntu.

  Plasma 5.13 will get a 5.13.1 and 5.13.2 rapid bugfix update releases
  in the next 2 weeks, so even if we don't get the initial 5.13.0 done,
  that may not be a bad thing if we go straight to versions that have
  had a round or 2 of bugfixes.

There is no such thing as the 'Neon ppa'. Your 'add-apt-repository ...' line is adding the Kubuntu ppa backport to your system. As the Kubuntu developer 'acheron' told the Plasma 5.13 will need at least the Qt 5.10. When the Ubuntu 18.10 has the newer Qt and the Plasma 5.13.X they will be backported to the Kubuntu backports ppa.

The Neon has own KDE repositories: https://archive.neon.kde.org . In the past the brave users have been mixing the Ubuntu and the Neon repositories: https://gist.github.com/nihathrael/7429eeb8d539c4c8e0ade03269b3f95a . BUT ! as told you are doing it at your own risk.

“Kubuntu Package Archives” team

There are: https://launchpad.net/~kubuntu-ppa

Note the warnings !


I think you're looking for this:

#!/bin/bash

clear
for filename in *.mkv
do
    ## Exit if there are no srt files
    [ ! -e *.srt ] && echo "No .srt files found, exiting" && exit
    echo "$filename"
    newfilename="${filename%.mkv}.mp4"
    echo "${newfilename}"
    ffmpeg -fix_sub_duration -i "$filename" -c:v copy -c:a copy -c:s mov_text "$newfilename"
done

I removed the IFS='\n' since it's not doing anything useful there, your for loop is quite safe even with names containing whitespace as long as you quote your variables.

The [ -e foo ] tests for the existence of foo. Conversely, [ ! -e foo ] is true if there is no foo. In this case, foo is a glob (*.srt) so the test will be false if any matching files are found. In the script above, the && mean that if no srt files are found, the error message will be printed and the script will exit.


I'm not completely sure if this helps, but it sounds like you still have several keyboard layouts still installed.

First check to see what keyboard layouts you have...

Open the dash (ubuntu main menu).
Type in keyboard layout and open it.
Make sure the keyset you want is only there, if not add it using the + sign button, and remove the other ones with the - sign button.
Also make sure it is the first one on the list by using the arrow buttons.

Now lets check your languages you have installed:

Open the dash again (ubuntu main menu).
Type in language support and open it.
Check to see which language you have as the first option.
Drag the language you want to the start of the list, and then click Apply system-wide button.

If you want the terminal to use your preferred keyboard layout too:

Open up a terminal.
Type in sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup to configure it.

Hopefully this should solve your problem.

Note, if you really want English (US) option as well, first make the changes so that they're all German (I'm guessing its German since qwertz is a German keyset), reboot for all the changes to take effect and to confirm everything is working the way you want it... if it is, then go back and add the English (US) keyset back, reboot again to make sure its still working the way you expect.


Problem with libmariadb-dev, libmysqlclient-dev and libgdal-dev

Install libmysqlclient-dev from .deb package with dpkg and --force-overwrite option:

sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/libmysqlclient-dev_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb

If the command doesn't help, try --force-all option:

sudo dpkg -i --force-all /var/cache/apt/archives/libmysqlclient-dev_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb

To be sure everything has been installed correctly, run:

sudo apt install -f

Finally, install libgdal-dev:

sudo apt install libgdal-dev


What to do about this gnome-keyring message?

Try running lpstat as root with sudo.  Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below.

sudo lpstat <filename>


Unable to Load Windows 8.1 After Dualbooting with Linux

After seeing your error report I was wondering, since I had Ubuntu 14.04 alongside with Windows 8.1. But for dual booting I made legacy mode enabled so after 2/3 months my pc started facing problems. As this legacy setting should be disabled for Windows 8/8.1. So am using it in VM ware now. So I think if you are using licensed copy of windows then don't use dual booting because it may cause problems while booting of windows, prefer using Virtual machine and if you are having pirated version of windows see once boot-up settings. From your error report I came to know one thing that may be you haven't done the disk partition well enough. But still if you want to use ubuntu 14.04 alongside windows 8, then change the boot-up settings not Grub settings.


My Ubuntu touch Aquarius do not install any apps

There was a data center outage yesterday that affected the app store (installing and updates), but it seems to be working now.


I was also facing this same problem; I followed these steps to fixed it:-

To uninstall Software Center:

sudo apt-get remove software-center
sudo apt-get autoremove software-center

To re-install Software Center:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install software-center

Thank you Mohamed Slama for askubuntu.com/a/133473/464430


You are trying to connect to the same host (linux machine). Look at the IP - it's localhost (address of the machine from which you try to connect from). Try providing address of linux machine (try ifconfig on the linux machine).


gnome terminal in full-screen: brightness varies autonomously on scroll. Annoying (Ubuntu 16.04)

It turns out that the observed behaviour has actually nothing to do with either Ubuntu or Gnome-terminal, or brightness as well. It is something introduced by the monitor I am using. In fact it doesn't happen on the notebook panel at all (even though the notebook is an Asus, so maybe this feature can be turned on also there).

The matter is the ASCR feature of the Asus Monitor, that seem to think that I am playing some videogame or watching a movie, and therefore I need some contrast boost, then at a later point in the scroll, it thinks I don't need it anymore. Maybe it is the amount of light on the screen, or of coloured pixels... Certainly it isn't anything involving their rate of change, as the switch is permament and brightness would not switch neither back up nor back down if I stop scrolling. Neither the monitor sports any parameters to tune the feature: just an OFF/ON setting. So it seems quite a poorly designed feature.