Which version for a netbook (Eee PC 1001 HA)?

I just helped my brother get an old Eee PC 1015PE updating again even though it is running an obsolete version of Ubuntu. The trick is to edit /etc/apt/sources.list and change every reference to *.ubuntu.com to old-releases.ubuntu.com. You won't get security updates or the latest software, but it can postpone having to consider a complete OS upgrade.


How to fix amvavis reporting "permission denied" for clamav

A working solution is to change

AllowSupplementaryGroups false -> true

in /etc/clamav/clamd.conf

restart clamav-daemon


Where is my PDF printer printing my documents?

You'll have to create a directory called 'PDF' in your home folder, or edit /etc/cups/cups-pdf.conf where you can put ${HOME}/Desktop or any other path you want (and have access to).

*Sumary of responses from this page :
http://keeshink.blogspot.cl/2009/01/where-does-cups-pdf-put-my-pdf-file.html


upd: this seems to be a bug that is not fixed yet, related to snapd.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/snapd/+bug/1776873


Setting vim background mode depeding on time of day

This is a beautiful solution from Vi and Vim Beta, part of which I'm quoting below, that automatically changes the background for all running and new Vim instances depending on the time:

You can use
timer_start()
to set "timers" to run a function every n milliseconds. For example:
fun! s:set_bg(timer_id)
  let &background = (strftime('%H') < 12 ? 'light' : 'dark')
endfun
call timer_start(1000 * 60, function('s:set_bg'), {'repeat': -1})
call s:set_bg(0)  " Run on startup

This will run s:set_bg() every 1 minute (60,000 milliseconds), and
by setting repeat to -1 it will run indefinitely (rather than just
once).
As far as I've been able to see in my (short) testing, this doesn't
cause any side-effects such as slow-downs or flickering. You can
consider changing the logic to set background only if it differs
from the current value if it does (but looks like Vim is smart enough
on its own).

For your specific case, you can add the following in your .vimrc to use light background between 07:00 and 20:00 and dark otherwise:
fun! s:set_bg(timer_id)
    let &background = (strftime('%H') >= 07 && strftime('%H') < 20 ? 'light' : 'dark')
endfun
call timer_start(1000 * 60, function('s:set_bg'), {'repeat': -1})
call s:set_bg(0)  " Run on startup


Ubuntu 18.04 Side Bar Icons Multiple App Instances Display On Click

You didn't do anything wrong, but you're kinda comparing apples and oranges. Ubuntu 16.04 comes with Unity, whereas Ubuntu 18.04 comes with GNOME 3 instead of Unity. So it's not surprising that some things would be different.

You can activate a preview-on-click feature for the application icons in the Ubuntu Dock  (if it's not already activated) by running the following command in Terminal:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock click-action 'previews'

Then you should get something like this on mouse-click:

Alternatively, you can still install and use Unity on Ubuntu 18.04, refer to this: How can I make Ubuntu 18.04 / 18.10 desktop use Unity (be like Ubuntu 14.04)?


How can I create a local DNS that is seen from other computers on my local network?

the .local domain is used by avahi for its special services and i haven't been able to get other computers to use it over the network except when using mDNS applications.

You could run a proper dns server such as dnsmasq to achieve dns resolving of hostnames to ip addresses over a small network in addition to the /etc/hosts file.

To setup dnsmasq as your domain resolver choose another domain instead of .local. for example say .home or .house or anything other than .local. This domain works only on the network.

install dnsmasq onto the central "server". In this case your computer:

sudo apt install dnsmasq

Then setup dnsmasq:

sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf

create a static file:

sudo rm /etc/resolv.conf
echo 'nameserver 127.0.0.1' | sudo tee /etc/resolv.conf

stop any instances of the services:

sudo killall dnsmasq
sudo service systemd-resolved stop

edit the dnsmasq conf:

sudo mv /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.bak
sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf

and add the following

#Beginning of configuration
domain-needed
bogus-priv
no-resolv
interface=wlp2s0
#Use below nameservers to reach the internet
server=8.8.8.8
server=8.8.4.4
#use below line to point to the router address.
#dhcp-option=option:router,192.168.0.50
#use two lines below to resolve local domains (eg .home)
local=/home/
domain=home

then restart dnsmasq:

sudo service dnsmasq restart

if you have a firewall remember to open ports 53, 67/udp, 68/udp, in the firewall

then edit the hosts file:

sudo nano /etc/hosts

and paste into it

. . .
127.0.0.1       localhost localhost.home
. . .
127.0.0.1 www.mysite1.home
127.0.0.1 mysite1.home
192.168.0.50 mysite1.home
192.168.0.50 mysite2.home

where 192.168.0.50 is the servers computer ip on the network and mysite.home are services that are listening on the server computer*


Just installed the QT configurations package. Everything works fine now.


Tiger Configuration Ignore a file format

in order to fix this issue I found the following debian bug id #791352

In message N°5 from Mr. Theodore Kotz I found his solution that worked for me:

  "An entry needs to be added to
  /usr/lib/tiger/systems/Linux/2/gen_mounts.  In mine, I just cloned the
  debugfs line, and put tracefs in place of debugfs"

Relevant lines from my /usr/lib/tiger/systems/Linux/2/gen_mounts, clone this:

[ "$1" = "debugfs" ] && LOCAL=1

Paste one line down and change debugfs to tracefs:

[ "$1" = "tracefs" ] && LOCAL=1

So the file results in:

...
[ "$1" = "debugfs" ] && LOCAL=1
[ "$1" = "tracefs" ] && LOCAL=1
...


Redistribute modified Ubuntu Server for Raspberry Pi

You can redistribute a modified Ubuntu. However, you must be VERY clear that it is NOT stock Ubuntu. Lots of respins are "Based on Ubuntu."
The bigger problem you have with a respin of Ubuntu is ongoing support. Your respin may not be compatible with future Ubuntu security patches and bugfixes, and you will need to remake the respin for future releases of Ubuntu. You (not us) will be responsible for providing ALL support, even to the parts you didn't modify. (We will close any support question unanswered if it's not stock Ubuntu)
Instead of a respin of the entire OS, consider distributing the software as a deb or a snap (or both).

If you distribute using the existing deb/snap channels, you don't need to maintain your own download page. You get the full power of the Debian Archives, the Ubuntu Mirrors, and the Snap Store.
Your support burden is reduced: AskUbuntu and other Ubuntu support venues will provide general OS support for your users.
Your users are secure: The Ubuntu Security Team will distribute patches to keep your users' OS secure.
Your codebase is much smaller, since you only maintain your code.

Snaps have two additional features that are very attractive for IOT devices:

Built-in auto-updates. You don't have the support burden of old versions still floating around. This also means assured distribution of security patches.
Compatible with Ubuntu Core, which is snap-only, secure, and has worked on RPIs for years. Core is designed for autonomous and semi-autonomous appliances; users don't need to admin or maintain them.


Grant a user permissions on www-data owned /var/www

If we check ownership of site1, we will find something like this,

ls -ld /var/www/site1/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 24 21:06 site1/

This means that the directory is owned by user root, group root. While user root has write permission (plus read and execute permissions) to the directory, group root has only read and execute permissions.

We will want to change the group ownership to another (new) group and add user1 to that particular group. We will give write permission to that particular group as well.

Create  a new group,

sudo addgroup site1

Add user1 to the newly created group,

sudo adduser user1 site1

Check that user1 is really in that group,

groups user1

The output should be a list something like,

user1 : <other-groups> site1

Now we can change the group ownership of your intended directory.

sudo chown -vR :site1 /var/www/site1/
changed ownership of `/var/www/site1/' from root:root to :site1

Grant write permission to this new group owner,

sudo chmod -vR g+w /var/www/site1/
mode of `/var/www/site1/' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0775 (rwxrwxr-x)

Check that all the changes are indeed there,

ls -ld /var/www/site1/
drwxrwxr-x 2 root site1 4096 Oct 24 21:06 /var/www/site1/

So, the directory now is owned by user root, group site1. Both user root and group site1 have write permission (plus read and execute permissions) to the directory. Any user belonging to group site1 will enjoy all the privileges granted to that group.

Now login as user1, move to site1 directory and try to create a file in that directory,

echo "My User1 Site" > index.html
bash: index.html: Permission denied

This failed since most likely the primary group of user1 is not site1. So, change to that group.

newgrp - site1

Try to recreate the file (beware that you have been moved to the home directory of user1 after changing group), this should work now.
Since the created files will have world read permission, apache (or your web server) should not face any problem accessing them.

EDIT

Also, as pointed out by dan08 in  comment, you  need to add www-data to site1 group.

sudo adduser www-data site1

On many (not all) distributions, www-data is the user under which the Apache web server runs. This also means that everything done by Apache (especially including PHP scripts) will be done with the permissions of user www-data (and also group www-data) by default. WordPress uses the user www-data to write files.

If you want to see how apache web server is running, issue the command,

ps aux | grep apache2 | less


How to install and configure IPython so it uses Python3.2 on 11.10?

You can use pip3 to install ipython.

sudo apt-get install python3-pip
sudo pip3 install ipython


How to start gkrellm so that it shows up on all virtual desktops?

Instead of using a starting option, set the rules in your window manager. I'm not sure whether you use Compiz, if yes, you can set the rules in Compiz using the compiz settings manager (ccsm). Again, since I have only 10.04 and 12.04 around, I can only give you a rough guide.

Open ccsm, enable the plugin "Window rules" (under Window Management). If you don't have ccsm installed yet, you can do that by typing

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

The usual caveats about the stability of ccsm and problems when meddling with Compiz settings apply.
In the field called "sticky", type

class=Gkrellm

Answer to the second question: copy the same under "Skip taskbar", "Skip pager" etc.
To launch automatically, start gnome-session-properties and click on "Add" button on the right. Add the name (Gkrellm), command (gkrellm) and comment ("Who came up with the ridiculous name >>gkrellm<

EDIT: turns out that gkrellm actually has a "sticky" and "skip taskbar" option. They do not work properly on my 10.04 system (error message: Cannot open config file /home/nexus/.gkrellm2/user-config.new for writing.), but works without any problems on 12.04. In any case, the WM solution is applicable to any such problem.


new to bash need help with script of dates

You are running date --date='-i day', but you want to use your $i variable. You also need double and not single quotes, to make sure the cariable is expanded. Try this instead:

#!/bin/bash
for ((i=0 ; i <= 30; i++))
do
    z=`date --date="-$i day"|awk '{print $2,$3}'`;
    echo "$z";
done

And, since you're learning, here's a simpler way:

$ for i in {0..30}; do date -d "-$i days" +'%b %d'; done
Nov 16
Nov 15
Nov 14
Nov 13
Nov 12
Nov 11
Nov 10
Nov 09
Nov 08
Nov 07
Nov 06
Nov 05
Nov 04
Nov 03
Nov 02
Nov 01
Oct 31
Oct 30
Oct 29
Oct 28
Oct 27
Oct 26
Oct 25
Oct 24
Oct 23
Oct 22
Oct 21
Oct 20
Oct 19
Oct 18
Oct 17


Problem occurred while installing packages

When it tells you this, click on the options or open System Settings and Click on Software and Updates. Then Select the Other Software tab. Finally un-tick the entries starting with

http://ppa

This should cure the problem.

I believe that the failure is caused by software files not being where the link is pointing to. Try Updating again, then you can go back in to the settings and re-enable each one in turn. Some may work, whilst others may cause the failure again.


These files are actually just plain-text files.  You can really move them, copy and paste them, or back them up any way you wish between the systems.

In addition, you might consider some kind of versioning.
A tool like etckeeper
 is designed for this.

apt-cache show etckeeper :

The etckeeper program is a tool to let /etc be stored in a git, mercurial,
bzr or darcs repository.
It hooks into APT to automatically commit changes made to /etc during
package upgrades.
It tracks file metadata that version  control systems do not normally support,
but that is important for /etc, such as the permissions of /etc/shadow.
It's quite modular and configurable, while also being simple to use if you
understand the basics of working with version control.

If you want to make a simple backup, just use tar.

cd /etc
tar cvfz myfiles.tgz shadow passwd group

To restore the files, just use tar with 'x' instead of 'c'  :

cd /etc
tar xvfz myfiles.tgz

There should be no change in the hash algorithm between these releases.  The system doesn't 'know' your passwords, -- they are calculated as matching or not matching by running the user input through a one-way digest algorithm and comparing the output to the hash in /etc/shadow. It's even conceivable that more than one input will match the stored hash, but you can't go back the other way, so as far as I know, scripting a password export is not possible.

It appears that SHA-512 has been the standard since glibc 2.7, so Ubuntu 8.10 and 10.04 should be completely compatible in this respect.


How can I get a set of files into the Zeitgeist index for dash access?

I have an answer that partly covers your question and partly is informative.

What I found out... it is all stored inside ~/.local/share/zeitgeist/activity.sqlite (SQLite 3.x database) and it uses a tool called Tracker (Applications -> Accessories -> Tracker Search Tool).

And there are Tracker plugins for Totem, Nautilus and the GTK+ File Chooser (so it needs to be 1 of these 3). This is done with 'Data Providers' and every program that wants to use this needs one.

So the answer to question 1 would be 'no' since we just need to feed the data provider with the name of the file you need. And the answer to question number 2 would be 'yes'. Only those applications that use a data provider can be used.

All data gathered from a tutorial on GNOME Activity Journal, Zeitgeist and Sezen.
This page also talks about vim and emacs files being registered and has python example code but these do not seem to work (I posted a comment their asking for a way to add files through command line).


How to send and receive packages from phone to computer

Wake-on-LAN works bc. there is a small chip in your network card, which is always on and which will turn your PC on when it receives a certan packet.

So there is a signal (the packet), the connection (your network cable) and someone to act on the signal (that chip).

So you do need similar things running on your PC then. There are plenty of solutions, maybe not exactly what you expect though. And all of them are "third party" solutions. It really depends on what you want to do specifically, but the whole notion of "send and receive packages" is a server.

You could run an SSH server on your computer, which is nice for remote access anyway, but that is a command line/text-based approach. So you have to either use an SSH app on your phone and type all the commands, or implement an Android app that sends these commands on button press.

Or, like you mentioned, a web server. But that is only programmed to support the HTTP protocol, so you still need to write a program that would execute your script when the web server receives a request. That's a web application. A nice way to write those is, for example, with python and a web framework (e.g., python and cherrypy, or python + flask + and a web server). You'd also need write the android app.

So, all of those solutions require either a lot of programming, or aren't so user friendly (SSH solution).

The only existing app I know is Pushbullet, which is for viewing your cell phone notifications/messages/etc on your PC, or to share files and links from your phone to your PC.

Note also that your operating system isn't supposed to do random things someone from outside asks it to do, that'd be a huge security risk. If you write an application like the one I talked about above, you also have to consider security: you don't want someone else to start random command on your computer.
(note that SSH contains a lot of security measures and if set-up correctly, is rather safe).


What is the current status of support for optimus graphics cards?

Optimus is supported in Ubuntu and will work when you install the closed source NVIDIA drivers. You'll have a tab (PRIME profiles) in the Nvidia settings screen where you can switch between the Intel or Nvidia card. Only downside is that you need to log out and back in again in order to apply the changes. It is not dynamic, as in Windows.


How to span single wallpaper over dual monitors?

if using gnome-shell, in tweak tool under desktop there is an option to have the image span the desktop. This makes it go across both monitors(or all).

No Nitrogen Necessary

Unity also has this same option as shown below:


Is it possible to move /boot, /bin, /sbin, etc,?

Yes, this is a little crazy and at the least unnecessary. It sounds like the client doesn't understand how AMIs work.  The /bin, /sbin etc. directories won't be "lost" if they are baked into the AMI you launch with.

The right way to do it would be:

Build an AMI with the basic configuration that you need to run the app.
Add a script that attaches an EBS volume which has all the volatile data after bootup. If, for example, you need to have the /var partition persistent (for logs) you can make this soft link to the EBS volume.
Designate this AMI as the one to be launched for spot requests.

Your app will, of course, have to be able to handle the fact that it can be terminated without notice at any time so it will need to have some kind of transaction checkpoints so it knows what was successfully written to the persistent EBS partition.


Installing Ubuntu and accessing NTFS drive

C: drive is a partition and you will have to install Ubuntu on a different partition.

and

Yes, Ubuntu is capable of accessing and modifying data in NTFS.


Wireshark GUI not runnig on Windows subsystem for Linux

I am using VcXsrv and my wireshark GUI launches. Try that and let me know if it works!


Enable to write in Virtualbox's shared folder

Fixed this by creating a new mount point in /home/username/share

# ln -s /media/sf_C_DRIVE /home/username/share
# chown username:username /home/username/share
# exit

Then I restarted the system and run chmod to the new directory in the startup

$ chmod 777 ~/share


What are the differences between 32-bit and 64-bit, and which should I choose?

I believe the main question when choosing between 32 and 64 bits is not "Does my processor support 64 bits — if so then I should use 64 because that's twice as good", but "How much memory do I have?".

64-bit programs use about 50% more memory then their 32-bit counterparts. The results of this are:

less code/data can fit into processor caches -> more cache misses -> your super-fast processor waits more for memory controller to fetch data from RAM. Processor also needs to read more data because it's more bloated.
Linux uses non-allocated RAM to cache disks. Less free memory available -> less space for disk caches -> slower disk access
Once you're out of RAM and the system starts swapping - disk access is thousands times slower than RAM, so any potential benefits of 64-bit code (see below) are flying out of window.

On the other hand, in 64-bit mode processor has more registers, so it doesn't need to access memory that often, also, some calculations (64-bit numbers etc.) are more efficient. So generally, code which is not memory-restricted runs slightly faster in 64-bit mode.

So, if your system has, say, 2GiB of RAM or less then I would definitely choose 32 bits. More than 4GiB - the benefits of 64 bits are becoming more prominent. Around 4GiB is a "grey zone" - you need to make a choice yourself.

Here are screenshots of a (rather old) vanilla Ubuntu running in a VirtualBox with 1GiB RAM:

32 bit: uses 388 MiB of RAM right after booting, no additional applications running (from the screenshot, 397780KiB, which is 388MiB)

64 bit: uses 491 MiB of RAM (from the screenshot, 503452KiB = 491MiB)

Additionally, in my testing, a web-application written in Python used up to 60% more memory on a 64-bit machine which resulted in a test suite running in 380 secs on a 32-bit machine but taking 523 seconds on a 64-bit one (both with 1GiB of RAM). If the machines were not RAM-limited the results would likely be different (as phoronix tests show).

Here are some more thorough and recent tests: http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~cking/x32/Quantal-x32-power-memory-comparisons.ods

Basically, it's like giving up 30% of your RAM in exchange of possible gain of 10% CPU speed.


To my very humble knowledge, it looks as if I'm affected by the same problem. Did an automatic update this afternoon and afterwards I got the grub shell screen, where I have no clue what to do.

I've got a fully updated (until that fateful update today) Ubuntu 16.04 running on a HP 350 G2 (i7-5500U@2.4 GHz, 8 GB DDR3L SDRAM@1600 MHz, AMD Radeon R5 M240). Thank you for any help and tips on what to do! :)

edit: Solved the issue via a boot repair tool and used it according to this guide: https://sourceforge.net/p/boot-repair-cd/home/Home/


How to manually start display resolution setting dialog?

The command is unity-control-center display

Check the man page for unity-control-center. There are options for other entries in the settings dialog. Once you know this, the sky is the limit - you can add that command as alias, function or part of script. You can also add it to be launched automatically once you log-in to Startup Applications or as .desktop file


How do I bind right click to a keyboard shortcut?

Install xdotool and xbindkeys:

sudo apt-get install xdotool xbindkeys

Create a binding in $HOME/.xbindkeysrc for e.g. Alt+:

"xdotool click --clearmodifiers 3"
  alt + b:1

And then start xbindkeys (typically, this would go into your xinit file so that it is started everytime you log in.)

Now the problem here is that although it should work with the --clearmodifiers option, something (Unity? Compiz? The global menu?) is preventing the alt key from getting released. An ugly workaround (until someone gives you a better answer) would be to add a sleep 1 and release the alt key yourself:

"sleep 1; xdotool click --clearmodifiers 3"
   alt + b:1

So: if you press Alt and click the left mousebutton, then release Alt within 1 second, you will get a right mouseclick (although with 1 second waiting time).


The physical partition /dev/sda2 is a container for the logical partition /dev/sda5.

Follow the steps below:

Right click over the partition /dev/sda5 LVM - Logical Volume Management and choose the option "Resize/Move" from context menu.
Set the field "Free Space After" in megabytes to release some space. The field "Free Space Before" is 0 because the logical partition is using all physical partition /dev/sda2.
Create a new Logical partition into /dev/sda2 physical partition, or...
Resize the physical /dev/sda2 releasing free space to create your new Physical partition to Windows.

Some partitions perform more operations when unmounted and inactives, but you'll need a bootable USB pendrive or a Live DVD.


How can I get Onboard (the screen keyboard) to stop launching every time I log in?

Looks like this bug is back in precise (tried using update manager, didn't work)
This is the only solution I found:

Open a terminal window and type the following commands:

cd /etc/xdg/autostart
sudo rm onboard-autostart.desktop


Dell Dimension 4600i won't awaken from Suspend

Thanks to 2F4U on ubuntuforums.org, who got me pointed in the right direction. Google search for "how to install nvidia drivers in ubuntu" led me to

http://help.ubuntu.com/community/BinaryDriverHowto/Nvidia

I tried System Settings > Additional Drivers but it seemed the "Nvidia accelerated graphics driver (version 173) [Recommended]" was already installed. I instead activated the "Nvidia accelerated graphics driver (post-release updates) (version 173-updates)". This didn't change the behavior. Still wouldn't recover from suspend.

So, lower in the above page is a Suspend/Hibernation section. I followed the advice to edit xorg.conf and blacklist.conf and now I can recover from suspend.


program install via ubuntu software centre

Even though this application is free the license is listed as proprietary, so in order to install it you need to click on 'more info' and then 'buy' (and then log in using your Ubuntu One account credentials).


How to setup Samba to register with an Active Directory Domain Controller?

Im not 100% sure what your asking is achievable, somebody else might be able to point you in a better direction but here is my solution.

You could add a DNS record in your domain controller (Ensure replication is setup if you have multiple Domain Controllers), this would enable your users to browse to http://argo.mydomain.net

The problem lies where if you are using the samba back end DNS server then you will have to use subdomain.mydomain.net, I'm not sure if other DNS servers like BIND would enable you to do this but you can also fire up a test machine and give it ago.

There may be other ways that involve joining your web server into the domain (Possible security implications) and that might allow you to address the machine in the desired format.

But I wouldn't know, I use the method described first to resolve our users to internal websites.


Obtain more detailled information about available update package

install apt-listchanges this will show all changes between current installed package and getting updated package before updating the system.

$ sudo apt-get install apt-listchanges


Ubuntu or Fedora drivers for Canon imageCLASS MF632CDW colour laser printer

There is now an "unofficial" driver available...  I've installed it on an Ubuntu 18.04 machine and it works fine.

You can get the driver from:

https://www.usa.canon.com/internet/portal/us/home/support/details/printers/color-laser/color-imageclass-mf632cdw?subtab=downloads-drivers

Installation instructions can be found at:

http://ug.oipsrv.net/USRMA-0586-zz-DR-enUS/frame_htmls/home.html?prd=USRMA-0586-zz


Where are the contents of the clipboard stored?

You seem to be lacking an understanding of clipboards in Linux. There are 3 usually available to users.

These clipboards are called "Selections"

There is:

PRIMARY - This is normally used for middle mouse button = copy/paste
SECONDARY - Normally not used by much, but it exists. Usually as an in app specific copy and paste.
CLIPBOARD - Usually Ctrl+c and Ctrl+v style copy and paste.

All of them are stored, by default in memory of the controlling application (usually Xorg, but not always). And every child application has access to it.

Clipboard monitors and managers exist that can monitor the clipboards and store their contents in a file, or more commonly, let you review your clipboard history.


Why doesn't KDE see the bold version of Droid Sans Monospace, but GNOME does?

I could be wrong, but I don't believe there are Bold variants of the Droid Sans Mono font (just Droid Serif and Droid Sans; see here. The package I have installed certainly doesn't have bold versions. What you are seeing are probably "fake bold", made by darkening the usual versions algorithmically. I'm not a KDE/Konsole user, but I suspect it (really, probably Qt) does not have the capacity for creaking fake bolds, but perhaps Gtk/GNOME/gnome-terminal does.


New computer system, not sure how to use it, how do I get my old one back?

Get to your terminal, and type sudo apt-get install gnome-shell, this will install the Gnome Shell desktop environment, but it will also include Gnome Fallback Session.

Log out, and on the session screen, select the button near your user name, click on "Gnome Fallback", enter password and there you have a fallback session.

Other alternatives might be getting used to Unity, installing Ubuntu 10.04 LTS for a Gnome 2.3 desktop, or alternatives like Cinnamon Desktop environment, which is the most easy alternative for you.

Try googling Cinnamon, there is an article about how to install on webupd8.org

Good luck ;)


Why does ^C, ^V etc. appear in the terminal when I use the Ctrl+character keyboard shortcut?

It does not actually insert the character sequence "^C". This is only a representation for unprintable ASCII control characters, such as:

^C → ETX (End of text, sends a kill signal), ASCII 0x03
^D → EOT (End of transmission, terminates input), ASCII 0x04
^H → BS (Backspace, \b), ASCII 0x08
^J → LF (Line feed, \n), ASCII 0x0A
^L → FF (Form feed, new page, clears the terminal), ASCII 0x0C
^M → CR (Carriage return, \r), ASCII 0x0D

This is only a small extract of possible ASCII control characters that can be inserted using the keyboard; you can find a full list here.

I think the most important ones to remember are Ctrl+C, Ctrl+D and Ctrl+L.


Had a look in the /etc/fstab file. Turns out the sync option was there for the HDD.

As this is an internal drive and therefore won't abruptly be pulled out I changed the option to async.

This has fixed the issue.


what plugin is required to hear audio on this page

It need Windows media player Plug-in 10, here is a post on how to install it. Also my chromium had it already installed, I just entered chrome://plugins and Enabled it.


I am getting boot error after installation of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

Since you have created more than 4 partitions on NTFS you may not able to create additional partitions while installing Ubuntu along with Windows. You can try to select logical partition, while installing ubuntu then create ext4 and swap partition on ubuntu.


Remove useless entries in dconf schema tree

Take the entry f36134ca-ebb6-4824-8403-6c11c8a135e8 from the output of

dconf dump / | grep legacy

and add it again to the values of the key with the name list.

Now open gnome-terminal and remove the profile.


How to get around low contrast scrollbars?

I solved the non existent scrollbar in Google Chrome by installing the extension "Clearlook Scrollbar Theme". Since Google Chrome is my go to browser this solves the problem for the web. I managed to patch things up with Gnome Terminal and Gedit by editing some system files but I don't really count that as solving the problem since these fixes will get wiped out by updates.

For my other gnome apps I used the advice given here to install the addon gnome-color-chooser. I also edited the file "/usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/gtk-widgets.css" around line 1500, but I don't really think this solves the problem.


The problem and therefore the solution are clearly stated in the error report: TechnicLauncher.jar' is not marked as executable.

To fix this you can either right-click the file, chose properties, and mark it as executable in the Tab regarding the file permissions.

Or you can run chmod u+x ~/Desktop/TechnicLauncher.jar inside a Terminal.


Problem with playing sound through USB headphones

I fiddled around with the USB and now a second option for the headset popped up, some analog input, and that works. I still dont get why the first one dident work to begin with. But heck, if it works it works


Recording Lenovo Easy Camera with ffmpeg - framerate too low

Did some more research, and believe I've solved the issue with this command:

ffmpeg -f alsa -i default -f v4l2 -c:v mjpeg -s 1280x720 -i /dev/video0 -t 30 -b:v 2000k test.mp4

Based on information in this question. Thanks to @John Baber-Lucero, who provided the base command, which I adapted for my own system and preferences.

Though I noticed, the picture is frozen for the first few seconds. Not a big problem, I'll just start my recordings with a silence, and cut the bad part out.


How to reset config files to default, especially boot sequence

No - there is no standard command.

But with the following command you may inspect which configurations may be different from the "default" configuration provided by the ubuntu packages.

 find /etc/ -name "*.dpkg-*"


Installed NVidia 610 now, no menu on left

While trying your suggestions I viewed this page: Unity doesn't load, no Launcher, no Dash appears

That solved the issue.  I started to step backwards, because the launcher DID show on first boot with the new card installed.  It was after I installed the NVidia drivers that I lost my launcher/title bar.

I removed the discrete card and was able to check "ubuntu unity plugin".  Rebooted with card re-installed and the plugin must have fixed it.


"error: cannot communicate with server" when trying to install IntelliJ snap package

Reinstall snapd. Open the terminal and type:
sudo apt autoremove --purge snapd
sudo apt install snapd
sudo systemctl enable snapd
sudo reboot

Then try to install intellij-idea-community again.
sudo snap install intellij-idea-community --classic


Can I alt-tab while dragging a chrome tab?

Alt-Tab does not seem to work in Ubuntu/Unity (Compiz) during Drag'n'Drop:

Drag and Drop across (fullscreen) applications, switching via Alt-Tab


Alt-Gr key not working properly on Firefox

I post this as an answer for future reference.

The problem was probably due to a bug of the same LastPass addon,
so it was automatically fixed with the following update.

In case this issue will happen again in the future, I suggest to downgrade the addon, or simply wait for the next update.

EDIT: Given the fact I suffered from the same issue (again) even without any addon installed, I must deduce the bug is actually within Firefox itself.


Network: Incoming connections work, outgoing fails

alright - so this question is one of those that should get classified under - the biggest source of frustration lies between the chair and the computer.

anyways, for the benefit of others who might find themselves at odds coming to terms with a similar situation - the source of the problem lied in the fact that the gateway IP address was wrong.

so well, if you ever find incoming connections working, and outgoing not, then be sure to look at your gateway IP first up.

thanks everyone for not indulging in my stupidity, and forcing me to look harder for what i might've done wrong.


Ok, I found the problem.
The repo I push to is a github repo, so I need to provide an e-mail and a password. I already provided them and used git config credential.helper store as a normal user to save them.
But anacron must run as root, so it also needs the e-mail and password once. So I ran

sudo -s
/bin /sh /home/bjoern/Hockey/cronWeeklyAGDiensteGitCommit.sh

once and provided those by hand.
Now, sudo anacron -f works perfect.


I can write to a usb stick but i can't change permissions

The MS-DOS filesystem does not have permissions.
Advanced permissions simply are not part of the filesystem. You can only mark them A,S,H,I. On the old MS-DOS, you use the ATTRIB command:
ATTRIB [+R | -R] [+A | -A] [+S | -S] [+H | -H] [+I | -I] [drive:][path][file name] [/S [/D] [/L]]

The following are the attributes of an MS-DOS filesystem:

R   Read-only file attribute.
A   Archive file attribute.
S   System file attribute.
H   Hidden file attribute.

There are no group or owner permissions to manipulate if your USB stick is formatted with an MS-DOS/vFAT filesystem. So your only option would be to reformat this USB stick with another filesystem.


How to change the icons of multiple files from terminal?

"emblems" are stored as binaries in directory ~/.local/share/gvfs-metadata.

So you need gvfs-bin  for this to be able to extract them and save them. Oh and there is one file per partition/volume/directory/file (to make things worse).

To get info on an emblem you can use:

gvfs-info -a metadata::emblems {filename|folder}

To set an {icon} for a {filename} or {folder} you use:

gvfs-set-attribute -t stringv {filename|folder} metadata::emblems {icon}

Example:

I created folders 1, 2, 3, 4 in ~/Music.

Commands inside the terminal of the image:

gvfs-set-attribute 1  metadata::custom-icon file:///usr/share/pixmaps/gnome-log.png

gvfs-set-attribute 2  metadata::custom-icon file:///usr/share/pixmaps/gnome-spider.png

Change the 1 and 2 to an existing video file or any other actual file and it should work the same.

and F5 updates the bottom panel.

As you can guess from directory 3 and 4 you will need to do this for every file you want this for.

Here's a script that walks through a directory and sets a PNG that resides in the folder as the folders emblem (basically this mimics Windows method of using folder.png as the emblem of the directory above  it).

#!/usr/bin/python

import os
from os.path import join

cwdir = str(os.popen('pwd').readline()).replace('\n','')

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(cwdir):
    for name in files:
        if name.lower().find('.png') != -1:
            os.system('gvfs-set-attribute "'+root+'" metadata::custom-icon "'+name+'"')

You might be able to change this into your own version that includes files.

usage of script at own risk


Is it possible to install Ubuntu on a secondary partition of a tertiary HDD?

After much more research and playing around I figured out that one of they key things that I needed to do to accomplish this was to create a ~200 MB partition for EFI on the drive that I installed Ubuntu to. I also moved my storage partition to the right so that the EFI partition and partition for / were at the beginning of my hard drive space, although I do know if this was necessary.


Installation procedure for numpy and other python-3.4 packages on ubuntu 14.04

From the terminal run:

sudo apt-get install python3-numpy

This package contains Numpy for Python 3. And as you might expect, there is also a package in the Ubuntu Software Center for Ubuntu 14.04 called python3-scipy. If you have python3-numpy and python3-scipy installed and you want to use pylab for plotting graphs, then you'll also need to install python3-matplotlib.


I've had this issue before, and one of my F keys allowed me to get into the boot loader for Windows 7. That boot loader had a record of Ubuntu existing on the system. It was either F4 or F8, I can't remember.


Is there a way to open a page in the browser in the background, UNFOCUSED, from the command line?

From what I understand most applications that run under X accept options on the command line that allow you to modify the behavior, I've found two options that may be of use:

-xrm resourcestring
Resources  can  also  be  specified from the command line.  The
resourcestring is a single resource name  and  value  as  shown
above.  Note that if the string contains characters interpreted
by the shell (e.g., asterisk), they must be quoted.
-iconic
This option indicates that the user would prefer that the application's windows initially not be visible as if the windows had
be immediately iconified by the user. Window managers may choose not
to honor the application's request.

The first option will allow you to set properties on the command line, the only issue is I can't find the right string to use that would prevent focus or minimize the window.
The second option should start the program minimized however in my limited set of trials I was unable to get Firefox to honor the iconic option under XFCE leading me to believe that implementation of that flag is dependent on the program.
Your best option is to look into setting Xresources using xrm, I will update this post if I find a good option for xrm.
Sidenote:
From a UI/UX standpoint there is a good article on focus stealing, Please Don't Steal My Focus by Jeff Atwood if you haven't read it already it presents a good approach to focusing.


Read only filesystem after ISPconfig instalation

To uninstall ISPconfig...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access

At the # prompt, type:

fsck -f / # to check the file system

repeat the fsck command if there were errors

mount -o rw,remount /dev/sda6 # to remount the disk r/w

/root/ispconfig/uninstall # to uninstall ISPconfig

reboot # to reboot the system


Setting ownership to nobody:nogroup does exactly that and nothing more. I see no reason to do so, since nobody can't login, and nogroup has no other members, usually. As a security measure, I don't think it has any benefits over root:root.

  Should I just change it to that of my user:group?

That depends. The ownership is determined by the UID and the GID, so check the values of id -u and id -g on both systems. If they agree, yes, that's the best option. If not, then I suggest setting the only other known values: root:root.


Cant access Ethernet and wifi on Dell laptop E7470

The same happened to me, same computer, same OS. At the moment I am still looking into the matter, but it appears that Kernel version 3.19.0.68 is somehow responsible for the issue.

As a temporary solution at boot time press ESC when the Ubuntu logo is displayed, select "Advanced Options" and then select another version of the kernel (for example the .30 works perfectly)

As soon as I find a permanent solution I will post it here.


I know it's an old topic, but I had the same issue.  I didn't find a solution to it either, so I decided to add my solution in case someone else is having the same problem.

What I did is actually very easy:

I started Live CD
Enter in Terminal
Mount my disk - sudo mount /dev/sda1 mnt
Go to /mnt
Change the privileges - sudo chmod -R 755 /usr/bin
You are DONE!

I hope this will help!


You could use dategrep. From perldoc /usr/local/bin/dategrep:

NAME
    dategrep - print lines matching a date range

SYNOPSIS
      dategrep --start "12:00" --end "12:15" --format "%b %d %H:%M:%S" syslog
      dategrep --end "12:15" --format "%b %d %H:%M:%S" syslog
      dategrep --last-minutes 5 --format "%b %d %H:%M:%S" syslog
      dategrep --last-minutes 5 --format rsyslog syslog
      cat syslog | dategrep --end "12:15"

DESCRIPTION
    Do you even remember how often in your life you needed to find lines in a
    log file falling in a date range? And how often you build brittle regexs
    in grep to match entries spanning over a hour change?

    dategrep hopes to solve this problem once and for all.

...

INSTALLATION
    It is possible to install this script via perl normal install routines.

      perl Makefile.PL && make && make install

    Or via CPAN:

      cpan App::dategrep

    You can also install one of the two prebuild versions, which already
    include all or some of dategrep's dependencies. Which to choose mainly
    depends on how hard it is for you to install Date::Manip. The small
    version is just 22.3KB big and includes all libraries except Date::Manip.
    The big one packs everything in a nice, neat package for you, but will
    cost you almost 10MB of disk space. Both are always included in the latest
    release <https://github.com/mdom/dategrep/releases/latest>.

    So, to install the big version you could just type:

      wget -O /usr/local/bin/dategrep https://github.com/mdom/dategrep/releases/download/v0.58/dategrep-standalone-big
      chmod +x /usr/local/bin/dategrep

    And for the small one (with the apt-get for Debian):

      apt-get install libdate-manip-perl
      wget -O /usr/local/bin/dategrep https://github.com/mdom/dategrep/releases/download/v0.58/dategrep-standalone-small
      chmod +x /usr/local/bin/dategrep


Need help with account setup, e-mail settings

You'll need to input Tiscali's server settings for IMAP, which can be found at http://www.kitz.co.uk/isp/isp_information.php?isp=tiscali under the Technical section along with your username and password.

For incoming mail, use: imap.tiscali.co.uk
For SMTP sending mail: smtp.tiscali.co.uk

I'm not sure what security settings (such as TLS etc.) are needed by Tiscali, so you might need to play around, or use Google to determine with which settings others have succeeded.

Hope that helps.


ethernet interface dropping connection intermittently Ubuntu 16.04

For reference, so as to make finding this solution easier for others suffering the same, a likely cause is to be found in dnsmasq. See https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2317186 and http://biscuit.ninja/blog/dns-resolution-problems-in-ubuntu

Commenting out its loading in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf seems to have solved the issue for me.


Can't get the shared clipboard to work on Ubuntu 14.04

The VirtualBox guest additions provide clipboard integration between the host and a X11 GUI running in the guest. They don't provide clipboard integration with a Linux console guest (there is a feature request for this, but it's understandably very low priority, because very few people use that feature).

If you want a comfortable interface inside the guest, install a GUI, for a negligible added cost in disk space. Use a lighter GUI than Gnome/Unity if you want to save RAM.

If you want a comfortable command line interface to the guest, use SSH in a terminal emulator of your choice running in the host. Use the console inside the guest only when you've screwed up the firewall.


How does btrfs RAID work in degraded mode?

In this situation, you need to do two things. First, you need to indicate to btrfs that the missing device is permanently gone: btrfs dev delete missing /mnt (missing is a keyword indicating any missing devices). Second, you need to rebalance to ensure that the data is properly replicated: btrfs fi balance /mnt.


The Ubuntu installer will install grub on the drive that Ubuntu is installed on by default. On your computer the device name of this drive is /dev/sdd. Accept the default and install grub on this drive, ATA WDC WD10EADX-22T (1.0 TB).


fdisk doesn't like the fact that there is no MBR. You have a filesystem directly on disk without any partition and MBR.

This is fine for Ubuntu. Disregard this message from fdisk and don't use wipefs, otherwise you will lose all your data.


Casper-rw Persistence Files Not Working with 20.04

casper-rw is now writable

The persistent file/partition name in Ubuntu 20.04 has been officially changed from casper-rw to writable.

On my computer a persistent partition can be named either casper-rw or writable and it will still work.

However a persistent file must now be named writable.

On a persistent 20.04 drive made with Unetbootin, changing casper-rw to writable will also fix persistence.

One Live USB expert compared this to America changing the name of the dollar to "valuable".


Okay, thanks to this post i learned that the latest kernel  4.15.0-44, contains a bug in the graphics driver initialization.

I followed these steps described here:

Started the machine and held down [SHIFT]
From the grub menu, chose advanced options
chose the previous kernel version and booted into this
deleted the 4.15.0-44 kernel using ukuu

Now it looks like the problem has been resolved


How to recover from an package uninstallation that removed everything?

Here's what I did to solve the problem.

Boot into recovery mode by holding down the shift key on boot. Once in the recovery mode, drop into root shell.
At this point the file system is mounted as read only. I had to modify some files to get the internet to work. So, mount the FS as read write: mount -o rw,remount /.
I then edited my /etc/fstab to comment out a windows share because Ubuntu wasn't able to connect to it and enabling the network fails.
Type exit to get back to the menu.
Enable the network from the menu.
Go back into root shell.
Try sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop.
In my case, I had that error regarding dependencies being unmet, so I first did sudo apt-get -f install.
Finally do sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop.
Reset the launcher icons to default: unity --reset-icons. This command crashed the system, but I got the default launch icons back on reboot.


There is no need for that. Ubuntu will take care of it by default but there is one important thing to note: Ubuntu is not a rolling release so software is not upgraded/updated immediately. As with anything in Ubuntu: we go for stable not for newest. If you want the newest by default Ubuntu is not the OS to pick. You could choose something like "Debian unstable". Generally only emergency/security updates will happen in between (there have been exceptions).
We also tend to use generic drivers and those will update every point release.
20.04 LTS as an example: it got a big update when 20.10 arrived (that is a point release called 20.04.1. What happens is that the hardware stack from 20.10 gets added to 20.04) and will get another one when 21.04 (= 20.04.2), 21.10 (= 20.04.3) and so on arrive. Those point release contain new sets of drivers if those are released.


What's the difference between "software updater" and "software update"

Software Updater refers to update-manager or the Gnome apt update manager. This is the current update manager for 13.10 Unity.

Software Update refers to gnome-update-viewer.

gnome-update-viewer was still available in 13.04 as part of the Gnome desktop, but has been removed from 13.10. On my fresh install of 13.10, a descriptive listing for it (without the package) shows up in Software Center. Synaptic and apt-cache do not show the package at all. (I had thought Software Center used the apt database, but it must be pulling the info from somewhere else.)

If Software Update is the one finding the updates on your system, perhaps you are running the Gnome Desktop rather than Unity or perhaps you upgraded to 13.10 and had it already been installed. So this may be the correct setup for your system.

If you need to switch, there should be a backend setting that will take care of it. I would first try reinstalling update-manager with sudo apt-get install --reinstall update-manager.


Ubuntu 12.10 not recognizing android phone

I am using samsung galaxy y GT-S5360, to connect your android with ubuntu here is an alternate option

1st. Go to google play and download "Airdroid" and install it on your phone

2nd. Connect your phone with Ubuntu 12.10 using your usb datacable

3rd. Now, go to phone's Settings > wireless & network > Tethering & portable hotspot > usb tethering. Here enable usb tethering.

if your phone is still connected to pc via a data cable you can enable or disable the tethering option. At this point if your mobile is connected to internet then you can also access net on ubuntu but to use other features of your phone go to 4th step

4th. Now, open airdroid in your phone. When airdroid is running it will show you an ip address. just type that ip address correctly on your pcs browser, voila now you can manage your phone directly from ubuntu...

now you can manage, apps, messages, contacts, files, pictures, movies almost anything that is required.

You can use this same technique in windows base pcs too


External backup - "cp: cannot create regular file" error

cp -rv should at least tell you what file it's baulking out on.

The problem you're having sounds like you're copying a symlink (that is a file that just points to another) to a filesystem that doesn't support symlinks. There are three options for this:

Turn your backup volume into a filesystem that accepts symlinks (eg reformat it from FAT or NTFS to EXT3 or EXT4). Might be a pain depending on how much data you've got there (that you might have to juggle while you do it).
Just ignore symlinks and not copy them. This might break things if you try to restore as it'll be missing some files.
Expand out symlinks so they contain a copy of the actual data. This takes up more space.

The first would be my choice but if you need the drive for another system that doesn't support EXTx volumes, that's an issue.

Whether or not the second two are realistic options, I'd run cp with its verbose flag to see what you're dealing with. If it's a single file, perhaps a plain copy would be okay, if it's not, and it's just a junky helper, perhaps omitting it would be okay.

But as a side note, most people seem to prefer using rsync to do backups. It has a whole lot of options that make it perfect for the job. You can read a version of its manpage here. It has various options (as outlined above) on how to handle symlinks.


rsync can use the -u flag to update only those files that have changed in the source. Try running:

rsync -avun Music/ Celular/...

And see if it's still trying to copy all files.


Can I run Dota 2 on ubuntu which is already on windows?

For those who are facing the same problem.
Here is the solution. You don't have to actually do anything.

Download steam on Ubuntu.
Search for dota2 in steam store.
click on download
when asked to where to download the game, select your steam library of windows.
It will automatically detect Dota2, download some files for Linux support (maybe 100mb).
It will show game under library under Linux + win OS.

PS: Your other windows partitions (where your steam library is located) should be mounted.

:)


Installing Nagios on Ubuntu server 18.04

Did you tried to install Nagios Core over the Shell of Ubuntu? And if you download your own Nagios Server, you have to visit it with its IP address which will be given to you after installing Nagios Core, so it won't run in a desktop variation. You can find the IP address in the ifconfig. If you need the download link, it is here: https://support.nagios.com/kb/article/nagios-core-installing-nagios-core-from-source-96.html#Ubuntu


What is the difference between `groups $USER`and `groups` in a terminal?

You haven't restarted per the instructions on that answer.

groups is  shows groups as currently applied to your user
groups $USER is asking the system to calculate the groups for that user.

This isn't a case of "trusting" one over the other. They show pointedly different things.

Groups are applied to a user when they log in. That's why my instructions are to restart or log out then in again. This makes the system apply the new group and thus allows you to use Wireshark.


As already noticed here, the Facebook XMPP chat API is deprecated starting on April 30, 2015.

  After April 30th, 2015 apps will no longer be able to access the
  service or API. This includes both access to chat.facebook.com and the
  xmpp_login permission.

You could, since 2010, add your facebook chat account to any XMPP client. This incluided but not limited to Pidgin and Emphaty, the previous and current IM default client on the main Ubuntu desktop.

At the current time I'm writting this my facebook account set up in pidgin is still working, however I ignore the current status of trying to set up a new account.

As part of the announce from Facebook and after the API officialy deprecated, the latest Empathy security update removed Facebook chat from the recommended protocols.

  empathy (3.8.6-0ubuntu9.2) trusty; urgency=medium

  [ Alberto Mardegan ]   * debian/control:
      - Remove WLM and Facebook plugins from Recommends (LP: #1432613)
      - Remove WLM and Facebook from package descriptions.

Instructions to add the Facebook chat to Pidgin (should work for any XMPP client.)

http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/12527/easily-add-facebook-chat-to-pidgin/


For people having same issue, found a fix from "KermitTheFrogerino" on Reddit:
First add those 2 lines to /etc/environment:
CLUTTER_DEFAULT_FPS=144   #Put your refresh rate

__GL_SYNC_DISPLAY_DEVICE=DP-0 #Mine was DP-0

Then launch Nvidia X Server settings by typing "nvidia-settings" and then disable "Allow Flipping" in the OpenGL menu.
To apply after every reboot, you just need to launch the "nvidia-settings" menu to apply the settings.


Run du or ls -s on the filenames. You can use xargs to convert the output from grep to arguments for du or ls. Example:

grep -Zlr --include='*NewCustomer*' 'VIPCustomer="true"' | xargs -0 du --
grep -Zlr --include='*NewCustomer*' 'VIPCustomer="true"' | xargs -0 ls -s --

The -Z/-0 options use ASCII nul-terminated input/output, so all valid filenames are safely handled.


If you configured Windows 7 to use that adapter to connect Internet.

Confirm that the USB adapter is not mounted to virtual box (Uncheck it if it was checked)

Then just just setup a NAT adapter for Ubuntu VBox (to share Internet from Host OS with Guest OS):

Select Ubuntu virtual machine → Settings → Network
Check Enable Network Adapter & Select Attached to as NAT.


You might want to back everything up, and reformat it to fat32.

NTFS personally doesn't like me and randomly(I haven't found a way to reproduce properly) will lock me out of my Windows's OS drive; just have to umount and re-mount the drive.

If you want you could try NTFS partition, but I find using fat32 much easier because there is no permissions to worry about.

BTW: Make sure on both operating system's you 'safely remove drive' cause even though it is unlikely that could cause unwanted data on the disk, I've found.

(a nice GUI partitioning tool I use is Gparted.)


How does the fglrx package's version relate to AMD's version numbers, like Catalyst 12.3?

Unofficial AMD Linux Driver Wiki has the driver version on the release pages. e.g. Catalyst 12.3:

Revision Number: 12.3 (8.951)

Alternatively the Catalyst RSS Feed for Microsoft Windows also contains the driver information.

Catalyst 12.3 released for Windows. Available at
http://game.amd.com/28/03/12 13:21
Driver version: 8.951


Launching unity-control-center instead of gnome-control-center solved it


How to show actual memory usage instead of "%MEM"

If you are looking for process-level memory usage in human-readable numbers, then top may not be the solution for you. It is not particularly versatile on Ubuntu (or Fedora). Instead you might find glances to be a bit more useful:

Glances is probably overkill for most people, but it does give a pretty good overview of the system. You can sort on columns if you're interested in seeing which processes are consuming the most memory, CPU, or I/O. It does consume a noticeable bit of CPU itself, though, particularly when there are Docker containers running on the host.
This works well for both Ubuntu Server and Desktop.
$ sudo apt install glances

If this is only for Ubuntu Desktop, then one of the two system monitor options should give you what you're looking for:

These will show memory usage in MB/GB with more easily sortable columns.


How do we install Ubuntu 19.10 on a Raspberry Pi 4?

Here you are.

32bit (hard-float)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/19.10/release/ubuntu-19.10-preinstalled-server-armhf+raspi3.img.xz

64bit
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/19.10/release/ubuntu-19.10-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi3.img.xz

I have problems with USB ports do not working, but it worked on Raspian without problems.


I can't point you to a device that definitely works but a lot of them use chipsets that are compatible with the (in Ubuntu included) module sisusbvga.

You can read more about it (including example companies and chipsets) HERE.

Basically you need to sudo modprobe sisusbvga and then it should work after editing your xorg.conf to tell your linux how to treat the new device.


How to get the available space of $HOME as a variable in shell scripting?

The important point to remember is that df operates on filesystems, which may be attached to particular folders, and if you specify a path or file, it will resolve to usage of the filesystem on which file/folder resides. So df -P /net/home/j/jen operates on the filesystem mounted at /net/home, which is  nfs4.sf0.ise.fhg.de network attached storage apparently.

The usage of a directory and all the files requires a recursive solution that will traverse files and directories within particular directory. The tool that you seek then, is du and in particular du -shx /net/home/user.

Keypoints (for more read man du):

du is recursive by default
-s provides summary instead of listing filesizes individually
-h provides human readable output. If you require further processing on data, -b might be more preferable.
-x is to keep du descending into another. For instance, you could have another network server attached to /net/home/user/anotherplace, so processing that directory is undesirable as it will give incorrect filesystem usage results.

Considering that this is an assignment, further processing and manipulations on output of du are left to the reader to implement


How do i move my Linux boot and root partition to an SSD while retaining my home partition on the HDD

Boot from LiveCD (Ubuntu installation disk with Try without installing)
Create the same partitions on SSD which you want to use using GParted except of /home.
Create /mnt/sddboot and /mnt/hddboot folders
Create /mnt/sddopt and /mnt/hddopt folders
Create /mnt/sddroot and /mnt/hddroot folders
Mount ssd partitions to your /mnt/ssdXXX mount points
Mount hdd partitions to your /mnt/hddXXX mount points
Copy everything from hdds to ssds saving ownership and timestamps: rsync -avz --progress /mnt/hddXXX /mnt/ssdXXX
Edit /etc/fstab on SSD replacing UUIDs with /dev/sd?? devices for /, /home/, /boot, /opt partitions. For example:

/dev/sdTT /       xfs     defaults   0    0
/dev/sdXX /boot   ext4    defaults   0    0
/dev/sdYY /home   btrfs   defaults   0    0
/dev/sdZZ /opt    btrfs   defaults   0    0

Make your ssd bootable in GParted
Install grub on your ssd: grub-install /dev/sdX --skip-fs-probe --boot-directory=/mnt/ssdboot where sdX is your ssd device. It could be sda or sdb or sdc. You could see it in GParted.
Switch bootable disk to ssd in bios and verify by booting from it

Also, you could use the next guide.


Plug your computer via ethernet and then make  anew connection as a HotSpot. Use this images as guides.


Run cat /etc/lsb-release and you will see that you already have 16.04.1.

If not, run sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade.

In System Settings GUI you see the major release number.


Change wallpapers according day & night as simple as it gets

Assuming the night begins somewhere after 12:00 am and ends after midnight 24:00, usage of the script below is as simple as it gets:

Run it in the background with the command:

python3 <script> <begin_of_evening> <end_of_night>

for example:

python3 /path/to/wallpaper_shift.py 19:00 6:00

During the day shift, set the wallpaper as you like. The script remembers your choice on the next day shift.
Likewise, during night shift, set your preferred wallpaper for the night. Again, the script remembers.

That's all. Now the wallpaper will switch according the moments of the day you set, running the script.

If the script is stopped

The script remembers the set wallpapers in a hidden file: ~/.wallset. WHen the script is (re-) started, it first tries to read the set wallpapers from the file. if it does not exist, it creates a new file, using the currently set wallpaper for both day- and night shift, until you change either one (or both).

Processor load zero

When the script is started, it calculates:

the current time of the day
the time span of night- and day shift
the time span from the current time of the day until the first switch
the current term (either day or night)

After that, between the wallpaper switches, the script only sleeps

what the script does

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import os
import sys
import time

def write_walls(prefsfile, walls):
    # write new set of wallpapers to prefsfile
    open(prefsfile, "wt").write(("\n").join(walls))

def set_wall(wall):
    # set the wallapaper
    new = wall.replace("night:", "").replace("day:", "")
    command = "gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "+\
              new
    subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", command])

def get_currwal():
    # get the current wallpaper
    return subprocess.check_output([
        "/bin/bash", "-c",
        "gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri"
        ]).decode("utf-8").strip()

def produce_setwalls(prefsfile):
    # on startup of the script, try to read the set wallapapers
    # or take the currently set on first run
    try:
        return open(prefsfile).read().splitlines()
    except FileNotFoundError:
        currwall = get_currwal()
        newwalls = ["night:"+currwall, "day:"+currwall]
        write_walls(prefsfile, newwalls)
        return newwalls

def convert_tosecs(t):
    # convert time of the day (hrs/mins) to seconds
    t = [int(n) for n in t.split(":")]
    return (3600*t[0])+(60*t[1])

# --- set constants
day_period = 24*3600
prefsfile = os.environ["HOME"]+"/.wallset"
# ---

# --- define time- shifts
curr_t = convert_tosecs(time.strftime("%H:%M"))
t1 = convert_tosecs(sys.argv[1])
t2 = convert_tosecs(sys.argv[2])
# ---

# --- define start- data
if any([curr_t > t1, curr_t < t2]):
    curr_term = "night"
    first_period = 86400 - curr_t + t2
else:
    curr_term = "day"
    first_period = t1 - curr_t
# ---

# --- define time spans
night_shift = 86400 - t1 + t2
day_shift = 86400 - night_shift
# ---

# run first term, set wallpaper according (possible) settings
set_wallpapers = produce_setwalls(prefsfile)
to_set = [wall for wall in set_wallpapers if curr_term in wall][0]
set_wall(to_set)
time.sleep(first_period)

# then start loop
while True:
    if curr_term == "day":
        new_daywall = "day:"+get_currwal()
        sleeptime = night_shift
        new_term = "night"
    elif curr_term == "night":
        new_daywall = "night:"+get_currwal()
        sleeptime = day_shift
        new_term = "day"

    toremove = [item for item in set_wallpapers if curr_term+":" in item][0]
    # replace possibly changed wallpaper in the prefsfile and the currently
    # used set of wallpapers
    set_wallpapers.remove(toremove)
    set_wallpapers.append(new_daywall)
    write_walls(prefsfile, set_wallpapers)
    # switch daytime <> night, set the wallpaper accordingly
    curr_term = new_term
    set_wall([item for item in set_wallpapers if new_term+":" in item][0])
    # sleep again...
    time.sleep(sleeptime)

How to use

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as wallpaper_shift.py
Test- run it from a terminal by the command (example):

python3 /path/to/wallpaper_shift.py 19:00 6:00

where the time format should be 20:00
In any of the two terms, simply set the wallpaper as you like, the script remembers and re- applies it on the next "day" or "night".
If all works fine, add it to Startup Applications: Dash > Startup Applications > Add. Add the command:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 20 && python3 /path/to/wallpaper_shift.py 19:00 6:00"

Notes

The script works correctly if the evening starts between 12:00 a.m. and ends after midnight. That seems however obvious.
The script rounds the time on minutes, meaning that the accuracy is also somewhere between 0-60 seconds.


xrdp another xserver might already be active on Xubuntu 16.04

I've given up to get XRDP working since I've found VMware Remote Console which has the same usability, only through an external application. Problem 'solved'.


The update-grub command was created to make things easier - it is simply a shell script in /usr/sbin/:

#!/bin/sh
set -e
exec grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg "$@"

If it is not there, you can make your own. To do that, run this, and paste in the above script:

sudo nano /usr/sbin/update-grub

Save with Ctrl+O, and exit with Ctrl+X.

Then run these:

sudo chown root:root /usr/sbin/update-grub
sudo chmod 755 /usr/sbin/update-grub

And you should now be able to run update-grub. :-)


How to install Oracle http server 12c on ubuntu 18.04 server?

Download the Oracle HTTP Server.
Extract it in /stage then move to the stage folder (cd /stage)
Run sudo chmod +x fmw_12.2.1.3.0_ohs_linux64.bin
Run ./fmw_12.2.1.3.0_ohs_linux64.bin
Follow the installation steps on Oracle's official website.


ifconfig -s <interface> will print a nicely formatted (and easy to parse) output:

% ifconfig -s enp4s0f2
Iface   MTU Met   RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
enp4s0f2   1500 0         0      0      0 0             0      0      0      0 BMU

You could pass it to AWK and manipulate the pipe's exit status according to the Flg field; a present R flag means the interface is running:

ifconfig -s eth0 | awk 'NR == 2 {if($NF !~ /R/ ) {exit 1}}'

% ifconfig -s
Iface   MTU Met   RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
enp4s0f2   1500 0         0      0      0 0             0      0      0      0 BMU
lo        65536 0     18990      0      0 0         18990      0      0      0 LRU
wlp3s0f0   1500 0    600316      0      0 0        425756      0      0      0 BMRU
% ifconfig -s enp4s0f2 | awk 'NR == 2{if($NF !~ /R/) {exit 1}}'
1 % ifconfig -s wlp3s0f0 | awk 'NR==2 {if($NF !~ /R/) {exit 1}}'
%

So the test could be something like this:

if ifconfig -s eth0 | awk 'NR == 2 {if($NF !~ /R/ ) {exit 1}}'; then
    # do the stuff that needs to be done when eth0 is not running
done


By selecting a country, you're effectively selecting a mirror server to download your software packages from. This affects the following:

spreading the load among multiple servers instead of just one
generating less international network traffic which is expensive (not directly for you but for other parties involved in transmissions)
lowers network latency
maybe higher throughput - that really depends on a server

I don't think there are CONS that you should be concerned about. Availability, redundancy of a mirror could differ between one another, meaning that mirror X could have a higher availability percentage than mirror Y but it's not that much of a time-sensitive service.


It is pretty simple to run a program as root.

For a console program use

sudo <program name>

If it is a GUI application use

gksudo <program name>


In dash or through Top Right Corner Settings icon go to System settings

Then in Brightness and lock , set theTurn screen off.. to Never and Lock option to Off as in image here.


How to remove Automatic redirection to port 80 by default for ubuntu

For apache2, check the configuration file located at /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf.
It's possible that in the first line of that file, the port is specified as <VirtualHost *:80>. Changing the port from 80 to your desired port number should give you the result you want.
If you have ever made any other tweaks to the configurations of apache2 or localhost, you may need to review those changes as well.


How do I convert only a portion of an MP3 file to WAV at a certain frequency, from the command-line?

Note : What you want isn't directly possible with mpg123. I recommend using SoX instead -- the "Swiss Army Knife of sound processing".

Transcoding only a portion of an MP3 file to WAV and resampling it to a different rate

Install SoX along with MP3 format support from the terminal with sudo apt-get install sox libfmt-sox-mp3

You can then perform the transcoding you require via this command:

sox -V3 input.mp3 -r 44100 output.wav trim 0:10 0:10

The -r option, inserted before the output file name, indicates that you want to resample the output to 44100 Hz.
The trim option, inserted after the output file name, indicates that you want to transcode only the portion beginning at 0 minutes and 10 seconds (first 0:10), for a length of 10 seconds from that point (second 0:10).
The -V3 is optional and simply tells sox to display the input/output parameters and transcoding progress for your information.


As @Eliah pointed out, this is happening because you are downloading an incorrect file by using wget. This can be confirmed by comparing the downloaded files MD5 checksum to the one listed on the AMD checksum reference page. The archive downloaded using wget will have a different checksum than the one listed on that page.

If you download AMD-APP-SDK-v2.9-lnx64.tgz from the AMD website, you will need to agree to a License Agreement before being able to download it.
If you use wget to download the SDK, you will not be agreeing to the license agreement and thus, archive will have the wrong MD5 Checksum:

MD5 (AMD-APP-SDK-v2.9-lnx64.tgz) = 649b53fccfa8262de835d554fdd56dfc

However, if you download it properly from the website, the checksum will be:

MD5 (AMD-APP-SDK-v2.9-lnx64 (1).tgz) = 24ca89856d41aa82dea8370b7a24fb4e

AMD lists the correct checksums on this page.
So, in order to download it using a script, you will most likely have to upload the correctly downloaded archive somewhere else. However, this may be against the License Agreement, I'm not sure. I copied AMD's license agreement to this gist if you'd like to take a look.
You can refer to this answer for how to check the md5sum. Copied from the answer:

for MD5 and SHA1 you can do
    md5sum (file name)
for md5sum and
   sha1sum (file name)


Package Broken, Software only partially updates

Type into your terminal sudo apt-get upgrade -f

The -f option should hopefully force the actions required


Unable to extend Ubuntu with adjacent unused space after deleting windows

I wasn't actually booted with my bootable USB, I had to use Lenovo Yoga's command Fn + F12 to make the selection and the selection I wanted was not Ubuntu, Not Windows, but the 3rd option which was Linpus. I used a new bootable USB that I made for Ubuntu version 18 instead of the 20 I installed with, and this worked fine. I'm guessing the current version would have worked as well. It took me to a basically blank Ubuntu Desktop and I was able to open gparted and extend the partition.


How to check multiple id_rsa keys in ubuntu before git pull

It sounds like you're looking for a way to ensure that id_rsa_2 key gets used when connecting to GitHub, while using id_rsa_1 for other things.

Edit ~/.ssh/config and add the following:

Host github.com
    HostName github.com
    User git
    IdentityFile /home/ubuntu/.ssh/id_rsa_2

This will ensure that connections to github.com use the specified key.

Update: To use different keys for different repos with the same user name, use the following in your ssh config file:

Host repo1.github.com
    HostName github.com
    User git
    IdentityFile /home/ubuntu/.ssh/id_rsa_1

Host repo2.github.com
    HostName github.com
    User git
    IdentityFile /home/ubuntu/.ssh/id_rsa_2

And you'll need to update the remotes in your ./git/config for each repo:

 [remote "origin"]
    url = "ssh://git@repo1.github.com/username/repo1.git"

and

 [remote "origin"]
    url = "ssh://git@repo2.github.com/username/repo2.git"

Source: https://stackoverflow.com/a/26507643/1380598


Ok I found my issue.

After using a VPN client (Network Connect), the /etc/resolv.conf symlink was replaced with an actual file.  Some DNS servers were prepended to this file before my 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 dns servers.  So, web pages were taking a long time because they were waiting for those other entries to timeout before my dns settings were used.

Anyone know what the /etc/resolv.conf symlink is supposed to point to?  Right now I just manually edited the file, but I'd prefer to use Ubuntu's default network setup if I can.


Snappy doesn't recognize the version of a sideload .snap in 15.10

Yeah, currently Snappy shows a hash instead of the version for sideloaded apps. You'll notice you can actually install the same version of a snap multiple times if you're sideloading it, as the hash changes. You only get a valid version if you install from the store.

This isn't a bug, but it's a bit unintuitive, and it will be changing soon as we move to separating the dev's version from the store version.


How do I map a mouse key to act as the middle mouse button with Xbindkeys?

With all the different X implementations, The most reliable method is to set input device options is by using xinput as shown In this answer. In your case the "option name" you want to look for will be something like "button" or "click action" depending how your devices names button options.


Why is installing GnuCash requiring so much additional space?

This is what I see:

The following NEW packages will be installed
  gnucash gnucash-common gnucash-docs guile-2.0 libaqbanking-data
  libaqbanking34 libaqbanking34-plugins libaqebics0 libaqhbci22
  libaqofxconnect7 libcrypt-ssleay-perl libdate-manip-perl libdbi1
  libfinance-quote-perl libgoffice-0.8-8 libgoffice-0.8-8-common
  libgwengui-gtk2-0 libgwenhywfar-data libgwenhywfar60
  libhtml-tableextract-perl libjavascriptcoregtk-1.0-0 libktoblzcheck1c2a
  libofx4 libosp5 libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 libwebkitgtk-1.0-common libxmlsec1
0 to upgrade, 27 to newly install, 0 to remove and 39 not to upgrade.
Need to get 115 MB of archives.
After this operation, 270 MB of additional disk space will be used.

I count 33 things being installed - and 270 / 33 is about 8.2 MB per thing being installed.

So why does it need these things? The developers based some features on already existing packages. This saves time, money and (indirectly) storage space.

Imagine if you installed 5 programs, each requiring a different program to the others that does the same thing. That's maybe 50MB when it could have been 10.

In this case, none of the "extras" have been installed before, and so you have to install them all.

In total, the programs that don't have "gnucash" in the name are 86 MB - so the 3 programs gnucash, gnucash-common, and gnucash-docs are together about 185 MB. This may seem a lot, but the program does do a lot of things!


Is there any program for fuzzy string matching, which provides a match score?

I found this page which provides implementations of the Levenshtein distance algorithm in different languages. So, for example in bash, you could do:

#!/bin/bash
function levenshtein {
    if [ "$#" -ne "2" ]; then
        echo "Usage: $0 word1 word2" >&2
    elif [ "${#1}" -lt "${#2}" ]; then
        levenshtein "$2" "$1"
    else
        local str1len=$((${#1}))
        local str2len=$((${#2}))
        local d i j
        for i in $(seq 0 $(((str1len+1)*(str2len+1)))); do
            d[i]=0
        done
        for i in $(seq 0 $((str1len))); do
            d[$((i+0*str1len))]=$i
        done
        for j in $(seq 0 $((str2len))); do
            d[$((0+j*(str1len+1)))]=$j
        done

        for j in $(seq 1 $((str2len))); do
            for i in $(seq 1 $((str1len))); do
                [ "${1:i-1:1}" = "${2:j-1:1}" ] && local cost=0 || local cost=1
                local del=$((d[(i-1)+str1len*j]+1))
                local ins=$((d[i+str1len*(j-1)]+1))
                local alt=$((d[(i-1)+str1len*(j-1)]+cost))
                d[i+str1len*j]=$(echo -e "$del\n$ins\n$alt" | sort -n | head -1)
            done
        done
        echo ${d[str1len+str1len*(str2len)]}
    fi
}

while read str1; do
        while read str2; do
                lev=$(levenshtein "$str1" "$str2");
                printf '%s / %s : %s\n' "$str1" "$str2" "$lev"
        done < "$2"
done < "$1"

Save that as ~/bin/levenshtein.sh, make it executable (chmod a+x ~/bin/levenshtein.sh) and run it on your two files. For example:

$ cat fileA
foo
zoo
bar
fob
baar
$ cat fileB
foo
loo
baar
bob
gaf
$ a.sh fileA fileB
foo / foo : 0
foo / loo : 1
foo / baar : 4
foo / bob : 2
foo / gaf : 3
zoo / foo : 1
zoo / loo : 1
zoo / baar : 4
zoo / bob : 2
zoo / gaf : 3
bar / foo : 3
bar / loo : 3
bar / baar : 1
bar / bob : 2
bar / gaf : 2
fob / foo : 1
fob / loo : 2
fob / baar : 4
fob / bob : 1
fob / gaf : 3
baar / foo : 4
baar / loo : 4
baar / baar : 0
baar / bob : 3
baar / gaf : 3

That's fine for a few patterns but will get very slow for larger files. If that's an issue, try one of the implementations in other languages. For example Perl:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use List::Util qw(min);

sub levenshtein
{
    my ($str1, $str2) = @_;
    my @ar1 = split //, $str1;
    my @ar2 = split //, $str2;

    my @dist;
    $dist[$_][0] = $_ foreach (0 .. @ar1);
    $dist[0][$_] = $_ foreach (0 .. @ar2);

    foreach my $i (1 .. @ar1) {
        foreach my $j (1 .. @ar2) {
            my $cost = $ar1[$i - 1] eq $ar2[$j - 1] ? 0 : 1;
            $dist[$i][$j] = min(
                            $dist[$i - 1][$j] + 1,
                            $dist[$i][$j - 1] + 1,
                            $dist[$i - 1][$j - 1] + $cost
                             );
        }
    }

    return $dist[@ar1][@ar2];
}
open(my $fh1, "$ARGV[0]");
open(my $fh2, "$ARGV[1]");
chomp(my @strings1=<$fh1>);
chomp(my @strings2=<$fh2>);

foreach my $str1 (@strings1) {
    foreach my $str2 (@strings2) {
        my $lev=levenshtein($str1, $str2);
        print "$str1 / $str2 : $lev\n";
    }
}

As above, save the script as ~/bin/levenshtein.pl and make it executable and run it with the two files as arguments:

~/bin/levenstein.pl fileA fileB

Even in the very small files used here, the Perl approach is 10 times faster than the bash one:

$ time levenshtein.sh fileA fileB > /dev/null

real    0m0.965s
user    0m0.070s
sys     0m0.057s

$ time levenshtein.pl fileA fileB > /dev/null
real    0m0.011s
user    0m0.010s
sys     0m0.000s


no bootable device on aspire one series AO1-431

I'm not great with command line interface in Terminal, but I'm thinking you can create a new boot usb device using uui in a Windows computer (Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS is a good one) and install it over the version you're using now and see if that works.


In a command line (terminal), run:

sudo ifconfig eth0 down
sudo ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:11:22:33:44:55
sudo ifconfig eth0 up

That's sufficient for the current user's session.  However, in order for the changes to persist, you must also edit /etc/network/interfaces and create or modify an entry for the interface.  For example:

iface eth0 inet dhcp
     hwaddress ether 08:00:00:00:00:01

Source: http://blog.sleeplessbeastie.eu/2013/01/11/how-to-change-the-mac-address-of-an-ethernet-interface/


Is there any application for vimium-like interaction with desktop using keyboard?

autohotkey a good hint for binding wishes wish hotkeys, a tutorial for windows ms like work-style
(https://luna-net.org/elements/ahk_sc/instr/docs/Tutorial.htm)
and the manpages for the nearly same named autokey for debian like work-style

keyboard automation and utility for GNOME and GTK with input:
commandline execution utility for AutoKey

man autokey-gtk

man autokey-gtk

man autokey-gtk

konqueror address-row with

man://autokey-run

and

man://autokey-gtk

man://autokey

the actual thread:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28335627/is-it-possible-to-map-vim-key-bindings-for-windows-just-like-vimium-for-chrome
and:
find it out:
https://metager.org/meta/meta.ger3?eingabe=vimium+autohotkey


Gedit uses TAB by default for Python: How to change this for all Ubuntu users?

EDIT
To make this the default for all future users in the world, you would need to go with a feature request, in one of several forms:

Best option: a feature request for the individual application https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gedit/-/issues
In Launchpad. Mark the bug with the tag [Wishlist] https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Other options in Where can I send feature requests?

Then you would have to wait for it to be (1) accepted and (2) implemented...
it is not up to you.
You could contribute by developing the change (item 2 above). It may be not really hard.
Note: Given that the default behavior is often times a matter of taste (and I think this is one such case), you might likely have to settle for what was posted in the Original answer below.

Sources / related:

https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Gedit/ReportingBugs
https://www.reddit.com/r/Ubuntu/comments/3uo0u6/quick_question_how_do_you_submit_a_feature/

Original answer
gedit preferences, like other GNOME settings, are generally stored via the GSettings API, which is an implementation of the DConf specification.
This stores the settings in a binary database.
The way to read from / write to this is via gsettings get / gsettings set, or dconf dump / dconf load.
So for only the tabs-to-spaces you would use
$ gsettings set org.gnome.gedit.preferences.editor insert-spaces true
$ gsettings set org.gnome.gedit.preferences.editor tabs-size 4

For all gedit settings you could use
$ dconf dump /org/gnome/gedit/preferences/editor/ > gedit-settings.ini
$ dconf load /org/gnome/gedit/preferences/editor/ < gedit-settings.ini

(with a different user).

To make this the default for all future users in your system, you can set system-wide dconf settings by storing them in a text file under /etc/dconf/db/local.d and running dconf update.
Only include here the settings you need.
As opposed to the EDITed part, you have control over this.

Sources / related:

How to save GNOME settings in a file?
https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/dconf-custom-defaults.html.en
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/289640/how-to-create-a-default-system-wide-dconf-setting-starting-from-just-created-ad
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/8922/where-does-gsettings-store-its-files
https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gedit-list/2015-November/msg00002.html
Where are gedit's preferences?


Your output explains everything: it can't find the librtmp.so.0 library. You have to install the package providing that file with:

sudo apt-get install librtmp0


Problems with Vim after upgrade Ubuntu to 20.04

You can try running

sudo /sbin/ldconfig -v

What it will do (From ldconfig man page):

  ldconfig creates the necessary links and cache to the most recent shared libraries found in the directories specified on the command line, in the file /etc/ld.so.conf, and in the trusted directories (/lib and /usr/lib). The cache is used by the run-time linker, ld.so or ld-linux.so. ldconfig checks the header and filenames of the libraries it encounters when determining which versions should have their links updated.

Solution taken form this article by itsfoss

EDIT-1:You can use ldconfig to list all installed libraries by running
/sbin/ldconfig -v -N. If libperl.so.5.28 is not listed try:

From the output on pastebin it seems that you have libperl.so.5.30 wheras the error shows it is searching for libperl.so.5.28. Maybe try sym-linking libperl.so.5.30 to libperl.so.5.28 in the directory where libperl.so.5.30 exists.

cd /path/where/libperl.so.5.30/exists
ln -s libperl.so.5.30 libperl.so.5.28


Dell XPS 13 9365 2-in-1 won't resume after suspend (Ubuntu 16.04)

systemd-sleep

The 9365 only supports suspend to idle (also called "freeze" in linux). It will show the behavior you describe when you try to use suspend to ram, which is the default unfortunately.

This answer is similar to Nick's answer that proposes to change the linux command line using grub. In fact my proposal has exactly the same effect, but by editing another system file.

Just add the following to the file /etc/systemd/sleep.conf:

[Sleep]
SuspendState=freeze

See the systemd-sleep.conf manual for further information.


The Windows folder on PlayOnLinux and Wine do not store your Windows files and/or programs. The Windows folder is used to create a space where all the files needed to run a windows program is located, excluding Windows boot mechanisms and YOUR Windows. It's not the Windows located on your hard disk, it's just a dummy folder and will not hold any of your data at all.

The thing you need to do instead of this is to copy the installed files from Windows to a thumb drive, external drive, CD or whatever or load the disc of the game, or get the installation package from wherever and follow the instructions here.

I highly recommend Wine as an alternative, because PlayOnLinux is actually based off Wine and personally I find Wine so much easier to use and there are many more support pages and documentations to read and discover.

The only advice I can offer to you now is read the documentation! That should've told you everything I just wrote, and use YouTube and Google - because they are great sources.


FFMPEG -> how to keep the original audio quality during conversion?

I don't know that much about FFmpeg but after some Googling I found that you can use -acodec copy as parameter to simply take the audio from the source file.


Unetbootin showing blank screen when started (Ubuntu 17.04)

There might be compatibility issues, probably some linking with the X11 server. As an alternative, you could try Multisystem, it supports multiple OSes as well.

Download and Open the Script with Ubuntu's Archive ManagerOpen multiboot.sh with Download Manager
Extract the install-depot-multiboot.sh Script to your DesktopExtract MultiBootExtract to Desktop
Double Click install-depot-multiboot.sh from your desktop and select the option to "Run in Terminal"Select to Run Script in Terminal
How to Use the Multisystem LiveUSB Tool

Insert a USB Drive

Launch the Script via Applications > Accessories > MultiBoot
Select your USB Device from the list and click Validate
startup screen

Now simply Drag and Drop an ISO into the Window to add the Distribution (repeat the process to add more ISOs)Drag and Drop ISOs
multiOS

Once finished, restart your PC, set your boot menu to boot from the USB device, Select the Distro you want to Boot and enjoy!


Make the daily log rotate run on exact time

The /etc/cron.daily folder contains dozens of items (17 items in my box), and logrotate is not guaranteed to run at first.
So if you want logrotate to run exactly the same time everyday, make it as a single entry in the crontab as in the Related thread: Specify the time of daily log rotate


At what time intervals does ntpd update the time?

Generally we can also call it as polling interval and minimum time is 64 sec and maximum time 1024 sec , but you can still change it as you want by doing changes at /etc/ntp.conf.

  minpoll minpoll

  maxpoll maxpoll

  These options specify the minimum and
  maximum poll intervals for NTP messages, in seconds as a power of two.
  The maximum poll interval defaults to 10 (1,024 s), but can be
  increased by the maxpoll option to an upper limit of 17 (36.4 h). The
  minimum poll interval defaults to 6 (64 s), but can be decreased by
  the minpoll option to a lower limit of 3 (8 s). These option are valid
  only with the server and peer commands.


Recovering Ubuntu 14.04 after installing Windows 7

When you re-installed windows, the grub files were deleted. You need to re-install grub.

You can read it here: How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?)

Please upvote my answer if it helped


How to keep up to date with package updates

By installing it from the official Ubuntu repositories, or - if that's not available - a trustworthy and well-maintained PPA or external repository.

If you can't get the software you need from such a source, where the responsibility to provide updates is on the side of the repository maintainers, you have to take care of it yourself and continuously check the place where you got the .deb package from for new versions.

A third possibility is that some applications contain an auto-updater themselves, which checks its developer server for updates and offers you to install them directly.


XPS15 9570 + Thunderbolt 3 ethernet constantly dropping out

Disable EEE it if you don't want the network performance to be impacted due to the latency from the additional time required for the sleep and wake transition or if the remote side doesn't support it.


byobu how to create a second column for multiple screens

Unfortunately, there isn't a way to wrap the screens into a second column.

They do, however, exist, and you can use F3 and F4 to scroll back and forth across all windows, beyond the 12 that fit on screen.

You could, perhaps, reduce the font size in your terminal, using Ctrl--, which would give you more real estate on screen.

Full disclosure: I am the author and maintainer of Byobu.


You might need to run the following command to install a desktop environment:

tasksel

or

sudo tasksel

.

However, you will need to connect to the internet.

To connect to the internet, run the following commands.

First, edit the following file using the following command:

sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

Make sure the contents look like this and of course you will need to replace ssid_name with the name of the network and password with the actual password!:

network={
            ssid="ssid_name"
             psk="password"
}

Press CTRL + o and then press ENTER to save the file. Press CTRL + x to exit nano.

Then, run the following command:

sudo wpa_supplicant -B -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -Dwext && sudo dhclient wlan0

Finally, check your network connection by running the following command:

iwconfig

Your ESSID should be listed.

Alternatively, you may be able to connect like this instead:

nmcli d wifi connect <WiFiSSID> password <WiFiPassword> iface wlan0

Again, replace <WifiSSID> with the actual name of the network and replace <WiFiPassword> with the actual password.

Additional info 1

Additional info 2


In gnome-terminal, can I assign more than one shortcut to the same function?

No, it is not possible (at least not without patching gnome-terminal's source).


If you remember your admin user password You could login as a root user without knowing root user password using:

Open terminal and input the next:

sudo - su

or

sudo -i

When logged in as root with one of the above commands, you could change its password by command:

passwd

Admin user, but not root means that this user is a member of sudo group and could execute privileged commands using its own password, not root's.


It is set in /etc/environment.This sets the variable for every user,system wide


Sometimes the graphical login hangs, while you could read an errormessage in the commandline, which indicates to hit the S or the Enter key, which isn't propagated to the graphical login.

So you can watch you HDD-led (Macbooks have such a thing too, do they?) to settle, which indicates, no loading and logging is going on and just hit those keys for good luck, keeping an eye on the LED to check if it has influence.

Or hit Ctrl+Alt+F1 (or F2, F3, ... F4) to get to the pure text screens. F1 should show the logging messages, with error cause as the last message(s). Alt+F7 (maybe F5) will bring you back into the graphical mode.

Or edit grub while booting, hitting e will give you an edit line, there you can remove 'quiet' and 'splash' from the kernel options. This will keep you longer in touch with the messages, and maybe you can read more about the cause.

Next option: Boot from a live cd, mount your system, and read the logfiles in /var/log, most recent files first, boot.log, kernel.log, syslog.

Afaik, Grub has a minimal HDD-access build in, so maybe you can even inspect logfiles from the grub bootscreen, but I don't know from my heart what key to hit, to do so. But there should be a help message, which get's you started.


Wubi: Hide Windows boot manager unless I want to boot Ubuntu

If you set the Windows boot manager Time to display operating systems (timeout) to zero, making sure that Windows is still the default boot option, then the Windows boot manager will not be shown and it will boot directly to Windows. See here for details I don't believe there is any key you can press that will make the Windows boot manager show, but F8 is supposed to give you alternative boot options. So try that first.

Otherwise, you can set a one-time boot into Ubuntu at the next reboot by going to a command prompt (run CMD.EXE by right-clicking and select Run as Administrator) and then determining the GUID for the Ubuntu entry and setting it to boot once. e.g. (reference)

bcdedit /bootsequence {GUID}

Once you've got the GUID you could create a batch job (.bat file) to do this from the Desktop to make it more convenient.

To identify the GUID, run bcdedit and look for the Ubuntu entry e.g.:

Real-mode Boot Sector
---------------------
identifier              {1476af63-e5bc-11de-b180-0024543ae029}
device                  partition=C:
path                    \ubuntu\winboot\wubildr.mbr
description             Ubuntu

The above shows the GUID as 1476af63-e5bc-11de-b180-0024543ae029 so you would run:

bcdedit /bootsequence {1476af63-e5bc-11de-b180-0024543ae029}

So you could then create a .bat file with the above line in it, and right-click on it and Run as administrator to set it to boot to Ubuntu at the next start.

This isn't a convenient solution, but it should do the trick.


Security - Is there a tool for Gmail that integrate in Desktop and does not ask my password (Oauth?)

The new ubuntu webapps might be answer to your question.

It isn't ready yet. However you can test it via ppa in 12.04.

Full details : http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/07/ubuntu-unveil-new-web-apps-feature-for-12-10

PPA for preview:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webapps/preview
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install unity-webapps-preview

However, this requires that the page is kept open in browser.

Also you can use Google chrome desktop notification feature. (This also require the mail to be kept open in browser page)


#!/bin/bash
# Ubuntu_Mate 18.04 LTS
#-----------------------------------
# Internet log of connection failures
#

while : ; do
     if ! ping  -c 1 47.182.239.232 ; then
          printf "\n%s\n" "ping failed at $(date)" >> /home/andy/bin/Internet_Connection_FAILURES_Log.txt
          cvlc --play-and-exit /usr/share/sounds/My_Sounds/Alarm-sound-buzzer.mp3
     fi
     sleep 60
done


How can I triple boot Xubuntu, Ubuntu and Windows?

Start your installation using the Ubuntu 12.04 LTS CD.

When you reach the Installation Type Page, select Something Else.
Now, you will get a page listing your partitions.
Select /dev/sda2 and select Modify
Now, give the Use as as ext4 and mount point as /
You can just reuse your existing swap partition.
Continue with the installation.

After the installation, you should be having a system that you desired.


"Switch to workspace left" etc shortcut not working

Please verify that the Compiz keyboard shortcuts for your desired actions don't clash with those of a different actions. It's relatively easy to assign the same key combination to multiple actions accidentally.

Unfortunately I know of no easier way than to go through the configuration of all enabled Compiz plug-ins and check their shortcut combinations manually.