Boot Loader (GRUB) disappears from BIOS Boot Sequence - Dual Boot Win 10

First, please understand that in EFI-mode booting, you don't typically boot from devices (as in boot code in the first sector of a disk) or partitions (as in boot code in the first sector of a partition); instead, EFI-mode booting boots files that are stored on the EFI System Partition (ESP). The EFI boot loader to be used is referenced in NVRAM. I want to make this explicit because your question suggests BIOS-mode thinking that can lead you astray.

This brings up a second point: You don't have a BIOS. You have an EFI (or a UEFI, which is just EFI 2.x). BIOS and EFI are two completely different ways to boot a computer. Unfortunately, many people, and even manufacturers, refer to EFIs as "BIOSes." IMHO, this is a mistake, since it leads people to think of EFIs in BIOS terms, which leads to problems. That said, there are some crossover conditions. Most importantly, most modern EFIs include a Compatibility Support Module (CSM), which is a way for EFIs to use old BIOS-mode boot loaders. If the CSM is active, the boot path gets very complex, which can create confusion unless you really understand what you're doing. Nothing in your post makes me think that you're running into CSM complications, though.

What you describe is an entry in the NVRAM-based EFI boot manager that appears and then disappears. This can be caused by any number of things, including (but not limited to):

User error -- You might have accidentally (even unknowingly) deleted it with a tool like efibootmgr in Ubuntu or the firmware's own user interface.
Program bugs -- An OS-level program might have a bug that's caused the deletion.
EFI bugs -- Many EFIs are buggy and can cause this sort of problem. You didn't say what brand and model computer you have, which may help confirm or deny this hypothesis.
Disk swapping -- Many experienced multi-booters unplug one disk when installing an OS on another disk. Some EFIs, though, automatically remove NVRAM entries for boot loaders that are inaccessible, so this strategy can result in the symptom you're seeing.

In extreme cases, if your NVRAM-based boot manager entries can't be stabilized, you may need to resort to using the fallback filename of EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi for a boot manager. You can put GRUB there by using Boot Repair, but you must use the Advanced menu to activate the option to do this task. (I don't recall exactly what it's called.)


How do I get 1366x768 resolution on my HP Pavilion g6?

have you tried to "add" the resolution?

I did this with an HP 1740 monitor.

You could use a .sh file to add that, lets say for example, you want to add a 1280x1024 resolution:

fixme.sh:

#!/bin/sh
xrandr --newmode 1280x1024_60.00  109.00  1280 1368 1496 1712  1024 1027 1034 1063 -hsync +vsync
xrandr --addmode VGA1 1280x1024_60.00
xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1280x1024_60.00

Then you can execute your file:

sh fixme.sh

and there you go, new resolution available


Next time don't freak out and try to recover windows with thrid party stuff like ontrack.  It sounds like all you needed to do was to recover the Windows 7 MBR which could have been done with one command from the recovery console(command line) from the Windows 7 CD.


Quoting mikewhatever (emphasis mine):

  Packages are tested before they get uploaded to the repositories. With FF, there is usually a gap of a few days, or more if there are problems. So, after the testing is done, and a package is deemed stable, it is then uploaded. Ubuntu has two PPAs for Firefox testing: mozilla-security and firefox-next.

For more detailed information, you can compare the release dates of past Firefox versions on Wikipedia with the build dates of the firefox package in Launchpad. For example, in the current Ubuntu LTS (xenial), these are the dates corresponding to the last few Firefox versions:

Version | Release    | Launchpad build
--------+------------+----------------
56.0    | 2017-09-28 | 2017-10-04
55.0.2  | 2017-08-16 | 2017-10-02
54.0    | 2017-06-13 | 2017-08-15
53.0    | 2017-04-19 | 2017-05-11
52.0.2  | 2017-03-28 | 2017-04-20

(Note: I don't claim to know how this process unfolds, nor that these numbers are the most relevant ones; I'm merely collecting data points I was able to locate, hoping they can help others make an informed guess).


Setup resolvconf to query specific dns server based on domain?

This might help: https://serverfault.com/questions/391914/is-there-a-way-to-use-a-specific-dns-for-a-specific-domain

I did the following:

$ cat /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d/dnsmasq.conf
server=/dev/10.4.4.37
log-queries
strict-order

This is twofold, one to obey the order the nameservers come in from DNS, since our admins have decided to send both internal and external dns-es

and the other is to force internal .dev lookups to go to a specific internal DNS


I have three solution suggestions for you.

Invoke the crontab with crontab -e -u root
Make sure that you have an empty line at the end of the cronjob file, meaning that every line ends with a newline.
You might need to redirect the output to devnull: shutdown -r now > /dev/null

Here are two helpful webpages for cronjobs:

CRON Tester

CRON Generator

You can also handle the cronjobs neatly with webmin.

Other than that, you have at least two more ways for restarting your computer at midnight.

One is to run the shutdown command as a script automatically at login but with specific time as a parameter instead of "now":

shutdown -r 00:00

However, this will yield a broadcast message of upcoming shutdown at every login (might not be a bad thing at all). Well you can also make this be run at boot time by adding the script in init.d, still yielding the message, though.

Another is to use atcommand:

at 0am

Enter command shutdown -r now and save it with ctrl+d or do a script for the command and do:

at -f restart_script.sh 0am

Hope these help you to get the result you wanted.


You can use WICD or network-manager, wicd has less dependencies but the only disadvantage of it is that you can't use 3G.

To install them with a graphical front-end.

sudo apt-get install network-manager-gnome

sudo apt-get install wicd-gtk


USB Keyboard and mouse do not work after installing Lubuntu

I believe that the program unetbootin silently fails to produce a valid bootable installation disk. Installing from the corrupted disk appears to succeed, but falls short of installing the full system, leading to hard to diagnose errors.

Unetbootin may not work with all distros [e.g. 1 2 3], or all images of a given distro. I suspect it also may fail somewhat stochastically, e.g. if a sporadic disk error is encountered, it may fail silently, but succeed if no errors occur.

My recommendation for anyone experiencing similar weirdness is to create the bootable USB directly, on the command line, and to avoid unetbootin completely. The commands I used on OSX to create an installation disk are

hdiutil convert -format UDTO -o DOWNLOAD_LINUX_INSTALLER.iso
sudo diskutil unmount /Volumes/VOLUMENAME/
sudo dd if=DOWNLOAD_LINUX_INSTALLER.iso.cdr of=/dev/disk#

Where disk# should be replaced by the device file for your USB drive. On my system it was disk1.


I recently have the same thing happen to me after an update. The quick and easy thing I did was use boot-repair. It'll fix most grub issues. Boot Repair


Your device 168c:0032 is covered in the linux-backports-modules-compat-wireless-3.3 package. Please open Synaptic package manager and search for the 3.3 package that matches your currently running kernel version; find out with the terminal command:

uname -r

As an example, if you are running 2.6.32-51-generic, then, in Synaptic, select and install linux-backports-modules-compat-wireless-3.3-2.6.32-51-generic. After it's done, load the module:

sudo modprobe ath9k

Your wireless should then be working.


I started using the Hide App Icon extension. It works perfectly and you can choose to hide the app icon, the window title, and the dropdown arrow independently.


To get freesteam working on a fresh, clean Ubuntu 12.04 32-bit system, you can download the packages from
http://sourceforge.net/projects/freesteam/files/freesteam/2.1/

First you should grab the 'libfreesteam1' deb file, then after that grab 'freesteam-gtk' deb file, then finally grab 'python-freesteam' deb file, if you want to be able to use freesteam from within Python language. After each download, the Ubuntu Softare Centre pops up, and you need to click 'install' and type in your password each time.

You can easily test this by searching for 'freesteam' from the main Ubuntu menu. A basic GUI will pop up allowing you to evaluate the steam properties you need.

If you want to try using freesteam from Python, there are some examples here:
http://freesteam.sourceforge.net/example.php


ZTE USB Modem AC2726, connection not possible in Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS

I also faced the same issue, but somehow it worked for me after some tweaking.

Solution 1: (If you have access to Windows Machine)

Just go to the Reliance Netconnect Plus UI in Windows machine and in Settings change the 'Mode' to 'Hybrid'.

By doing this I found that the Reliance Netconnect Plus is recognized by Ubuntu quickly and

Now log in back to Ubuntu and connect to the internet through 'Network Manager'.

Using this method you will be registered on CDMA home network and can access the internet quickly.

The main disadvantage of this method is that we are running it under 'Hybrid' mode, which means that the internet may switch to 'CDMA 1x' mode and the internet speed will go down.

For me this happens only for 5-10 minutes then I'm again switched to fast Netconnect+ mode.

To overcome this disadvantage you may use Solution 2.

Solution 2: (Using WVDIAL)

If the Reliance Netconnect Plus modem works in Solution 1 then after connecting to internet, install WVDIAL

or

If you have access to GSM mobile(or GSM Modem) with cheap GPRS plan, then connect your mobile to Ubuntu through Network Manager and install WVDIAL. I have never experienced any difficulty with GSM Modem when connecting to Internet through Network Manager.

(i) Open Terminal (Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl + Alt + T ) and type

sudo apt-get install wvdial

(ii) Open up wvdial’s configuration file using this command

gedit /etc/wvdial.conf

(iii) Paste the below code into the window that pops up ( make sure to enter your relevant details )

[Dialer Defaults]
Init1 = ATZ
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Stupid Mode = 1
Modem Type = USB Modem
ISDN = 0
Phone = #777
New PPPD = yes
Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0 (This may also be dev/ttyUSB2 depending on where you plugged in your device)
Username = 9xxxxxxxxxx (your username, should be a number )
Password = 9xxxxxxxxxx (Your password , should be the same number)
CBaud = 460800

Delete all the comments in the brackets . The fields you should edit are Modem , Username and password the only ones with comment .
Save and exist .

(iv) Thats it. Remove the GSM mobile(or GSM Modem) from PC/laptop and plug in Reliance Netconnect+ Modem. Wait till it gets recognized by Ubuntu, run lsusb command to know if it detected as modem and then

Run wvdial using following command

sudo wvdial

Internet using wvdial works out of box. Now you can change the Network Mode to 'Netconnect+' by using Reliance Netaconnect Plus UI in windows and log back to Ubuntu to use the uninterrupted broadband using wvdial.


Dual booting Ubuntu And Windows 10 (Both of separate ssd) and swap space

If I were you I would make Ubuntu SSD primary booting device. In the process of the Ubuntu installation it will catch automatically other operating systems and will put them in its boot loader - Grub2. There is easy to use GUI interface for future edit of Grub boot loader configuration - called Grub customizer.

I would make the swap double sized of the physical RAM.

Yes, there is some Ubuntu optimizations of SSD uses, but I don't have SSD, and I never tried these optimizations.


What are the absolutely bare minimum requirements for running local juju?

You don't need libvirt anymore (using juju from the PPA), I've corrected the documentation to reflect that but you do need zookeeper and the resulting java stuff.

We don't really have an "absolute minimum" that we track, however an Amazon t1.micro is probably the smallest thing we test on:

  613 MB memory
  Up to 2 EC2 Compute Units (for short periodic bursts)
  EBS storage only 32-bit or 64-bit platform
  I/O Performance: Low

According to Amazon one EC2 compute unit is:

  One EC2 Compute Unit provides the equivalent CPU capacity of a
  1.0-1.2 GHz 2007 Opteron or 2007 Xeon processor. This is also the equivalent to an early-2006 1.7 GHz Xeon processor referenced in our
  original documentation.


How to access settings in Rhythmbox in Ubuntu GNOME 15.10?

Actually there is - it is called the application menu and in Gnome-Shell the menu is found at the top-bar next to the activities menu option:


I, therefore want to roll back to 14.04. Is there an easier way of roll back

A rollback only works if you set this up before you needed it, or as what we call: if you created backups of your personal data.

  or, do I need to download 14.04 and install over the existing system?

That is a method with some potential problems: installing over an existing system can leave artifacts from the newer system and that can get messy. If a configuration file has newer options than the older operating system understands it could potentially crash on that. But that would mostly happen when you use servers (like MySQL).

I would advice to boot from the installer and first make a backup. Verify the backup and then re-install on a newly formatted partition. If you do that over the current one or 1st create a new empty partition and use that we leave up to you. The latter lets you copy files over from the other version until you remove it but it will cost you space for the new installation until you remove it.


I cannot open or mount a drive that locked with bitlocker

According to the install.txt you will need to install these:

sudo apt-get install libfuse-dev libpolarssl-dev

Then you should create folders, e. g.:

sudo mkdir /media/bitlocker /media/mount

Then download dislocker source, extract it, get into the src folder

cd dislocker/src

After that you can install dislocker with:

sudo make

then run

sudo make install

Check encrypted partition with fdisk:

sudo fdisk -l

(that is a small L letter, not an I or | sign!)

Then Decrypt using:

sudo dislocker -r -V /dev/sdaX -pRECOVERY-PASSWORD-GOES-HERE -- /media/bitlocker

where the password is a long string of numbers separated with dashes.

In case you don't have recovery password, use your user password in the following form:

sudo dislocker -r -V /dev/sdaX -uPASSWORD -- /media/bitlocker

If all the above are successful change to root privilege:

sudo -i

Go to the folder previously created:

cd /media/bitlocker

Then do the mount:

mount -o loop dislocker-file /media/mount

Change directory to /media/mount

cd /media/mount

Then your decrypted files should be here.


How would i get ubuntu on a pc I'm building?

Use Nvidia cards and intel processors, AMD is cheaper and good quality but it might not work as expected in the latest Ubuntu which is Ubuntu 16.04LTS(Long Term Support)because 16.04LTS will support open source drivers only which will let AMD stuck at OpenGL 4.1.

wait till Ubuntu 16.04LTS gets fully released and get Nvidia cards and intel processors.

remember Linux is just starting in the gaming section and you might not find alot of AAA titles to play on Ubuntu while there are many ports that dont work like expected (batman was a disaster in windows and Linux).


There's the toggl API (API documentation on github). Using it and curl allows for bash scripts doing basically anything toggl is capable of, see the examples in the chapters of the API documentation.


Dell WIfi Not working, after 15.04 install

The driver for your Intel wireless is installed by default in 15.04 but is sometimes a bit tricky.

First, check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit.

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Next, I'd set IPv6 to Ignore in Network Manager: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/18/html/Installation_Guide/images/netconfig/network-connections-ipv6-ignore.png  This example is for ethernet, but you want wireless.

If these changes do not help, please try:

gksudo gedit  /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf

Change the '11n_disable=8' to '11n_disable=1'.
Reboot and tell us if connectivity has improved. Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Reboot and tell us if the connectivity improved.


Is there a way to "merge" a virtual folder and a real one in evolution?

From the OP:

  Seems like this is an old and debated issue.


Motion is saving images to home directory

By default Motion use home directory with path /home/motion ...
So, to change this open your terminal and run it:

for Gedit:

gksudo gedit /etc/motion/motion.conf

for vim:

sudo vim /etc/motion/motion.conf

Find string started with: target_dir

Change value to your own some like a:

target_dir /tmp/motion

For using Motion through web interface you need to find or add this string in your config:

control_authentication USERNAME:PASSWORD

Then save the file, and add this USERNAME to the group motion:

adduser USERNAME motion

After this you can use Motion (if daemon is started) from web interface:

http://localhost:8080

From Precise Motion package manpages:

  -c
         Full    path    and    filename    of    config    file.
         E.g. /home/kurt/motion.conf
         Default is /usr/local/etc unless specified differently when building Motion.
         Many RPMs and debian packages will most likely use /etc or /etc/motion as default.

Also I suggest you to refer with Motion Guides:

So if you can start your Motion with -c option but without pathname (check your simlink option):

motion -c
// then Motion will use motion.conf

OR if you start Motion with point to your PATHNAME value:

motion -c <YOUR/PATHNAME>
// then Motion will use your custom config which will OVERRIDE the defaults.


Apparently you do not fully understand the concepts and usage of root/admin users: there is no daemon that does what you're describing: it's just built into the file system.

root has access to everything, an admin has access to admin things and a user has access to user things.

To allow a user to have access to a file owned by root, execute the following command (as root):

chown szUserName:szUserGroup szFileName

and your user will be able to read the root file.


How do I opt in to Early Preview of LTS enablement stack?

Generally speaking it is done by installing packages like -lts-, e.g. linux-generic-lts-utopic for Ubuntu 14.04.

With kernels it is quite easy. But with graphical stack it is not that straight forwared because of dependencies, especially on 64-bit systems. Commands given in that article are not quite correct in many cases and can remove a lot from you system.

It is reversable. But it is better if you specify which version do you run and which kernel/graphics you want to upgrade. Then it will be possible to give you a more specific guide.

-Updates pocket is a part of Ubuntu repositories. You do not need to do anything to install from there, becuse this part is enabled by default.

For Ubuntu 14.04 kernel from Ubuntu 14.10 is available (3.16). It can be installed by running

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-utopic

Very soon kernel from 15.04 (3.19) will be available. It is in proposed repository, and will get to main sime time next week, I guess. It can be installed by

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-vivid


dual booting ubuntu 14.04 with windows 7 ultimate

It is best, IMO, to install the Windows OS first, in its NTFS partition as you have done. Then install Ubuntu. When you get to the Replace/Alongside/Something Else choices for partitioning, click the Something Else option. This gets you to a partition editor like gparted or similar. Use that to choose or create partitions for Linux swap (maybe about 12 Gig) and for Ubuntu itself (maybe 50 Gig, or more if you think you will need). You can use file system type EXT4 for the Ubuntu partition. The Linux swap partition has its own file system type: linux swap. When your partitions seem satisfactory, continue the installation. (Sorry that the installation instructions are unclear at that point for someone not accustomed to partitioning.)


How to disable auto resizing of windows when moved to the top?

Command Line way:

by default the value for edge-tiling is set to true..

check the value with the below command
gsettings get org.gnome.mutter edge-tiling

then set the value to false by below command
gsettings set org.gnome.mutter edge-tiling false

Example:

$ gsettings get org.gnome.mutter edge-tiling
true
$ gsettings set org.gnome.mutter edge-tiling false
$

GUI way

Open dconf-editor, if not installed install it by below command
sudo apt update && sudo apt install dconf-editor

search for "mutter" --> edge-tiling --> turn off the button.


Where should I add/modify environment variables?

According to the Ubuntu documentation, they do not recommend using ~/.profile, instead they recommend using ~/.pam_environment for adding items to $PATH:

~/.pam_environment - This file is specifically meant for setting a user's environment. It is not a script file, but rather consists of assignment expressions, one per line.

PATH DEFAULT=${PATH}:${HOME}/MyPrograms


Sound coming from both headphones and speakers on Lenovo G460

I had the same issue. It appears that the new kernel did not correctly detect the sound card model that you have. You will have to edit the /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf file and set the model manually with

options snd-hda-intel model=<model>

Unfortunately, finding the correct sound card model can take a little guess work. I took me several tries to find the sound card model that would detect the headphones correctly.

This link gives a list of sound card model: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1043568

More information can be found on the Ubuntu Wiki: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HdaIntelSoundHowto


Reconfiguring

With the Debian and the Debian based (K/X/L/ubuntu) you could use the dpkg-reconfigure.

    man dpkg-reconfigure:

    NAME
           dpkg-reconfigure - reconfigure an already installed package

    SYNOPSIS
            dpkg-reconfigure [options] packages

    DESCRIPTION
    dpkg-reconfigure reconfigures packages after they have already been
    installed. Pass it the names of a package or packages to reconfigure.
    It will ask configuration questions, much like when the package was first installed...

That is:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure kdm

or

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm

or
...

Kubuntu & LightDM

The LightDM is : https://wiki.kubuntu.org/LightDM

There was a plan: https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/desktop-o-kubuntu-lightdm

QLightDM: https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-devel/2011-June/005248.html

With the Oneiric the Kubuntu desktop is depending the KDM: http://packages.ubuntu.com/oneiric/kubuntu-desktop


MSFT0101 is an ACPI device ID referring to the Intel(R) Management Engine Interface (part of TPM).
There are TPM drivers in Linux that can recognize this TPM2 MSFT0101 device ID.
The -16 error number refers to a "Device or resource busy" error in the driver when it gets initialized, so perhaps the TPM device is having some issues.

I believe this is down to Microsoft's requirement that PCs have a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) for newer Windows products.


How can I turn off animations in Ubuntu 13.10?

Install Unity Tweak Tool:

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

Run Unity Tweak Tool and open the "General" settings under "Window Manager"

Then under "Animations" disable "Window Animations".

You can also use Alt+` (Alt + tilde) to switch between open windows of the same application.


Is there a way to reset all packages/sources and start from scratch?

You can do an installation of Ubuntu over top of an existing installation. You'll lose all of your (non-local [1]) system files and applications, but it will preserve everything in /home.

Select the advanced partitioning option from the menu of either the desktop CD installer or the alternate CD installer. Set the mountpoint of your existing root partition to / and make sure the format box is not checked. Repeat these steps for your home partition, if you have one.

1: Where local system directories would be /usr/src, /usr/local, and /var/local.


Why does hd-idle need sudo to run in rc.local?

hd-idle requires root to work with the files in /proc/diskstats
 because /proc/ and /dev/ owned by root.

I wouldn't advise changing the ownership, but perhaps you can add your user account to the dial out group.

$sudo usermod -a -G dialout <user-name>

Then you can try doing things like accessing hardware

You could also try changing the group permissions to /proc/diskstats to include the dialout group. (I am not advising this. but you could try it)

I think some of the logging features write to /var/log/hd-idle
which is also owned by root.

I think you could modify the source, and add a user to the diaout group to get this software to work as a not explicitly root user, but I am recommending caution.

Answer taken from hd-idle source code.


Your headphones are paired and connected, but not recognised as an audio device. If you click on Sound Settings on the bottom right you will see a list of devices, but the headphones will not be listed.
I had the same problem and found a solution in this question , but running the suggested commands without sudo. So just do this:

pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover

Your headphones should than show up under the listed audio devices. If it doesn't work you can try the stuff in this question, but since it is already paired, you probably won't need to.


There are two things which you may be referring to here:

If you want to run one single command as root, run sudo <command>. Once that command finishes, you will lose root privileges. for example, you might run sudo whoami - the whoami command shows who you are logged in as. sudo whoami should show you are root, and when whoami is done, you will lose root privileges.

su, however, runs bash (or an equivalent shell). bash will then ask you, as root, what commands you want to run. To exit su and bash, just type exit; you will lose your privileges, and return to normal.

The other possibility is that sudo may be caching your authentication. This normally lasts 5 minutes from when you typed in your password, or when you run sudo -k. Or, you can disable this entirely by adding the following line to the file /etc/sudoers: timestamp_timeout=0


Here you can see detailed/official instructions how to install tensorflow on Ubuntu: https://www.tensorflow.org/get_started/os_setup

As mentioned by grooveplex - the source of the bellow error seems to be lack of write permissions. The use of sudo should solve the problem.

  OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied


Internet very slow on Ubuntu, but not on Windows

Try to change the MTU.

Open terminal Ctrl + Alt + T and run this command:

sudo iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN -j TCPMSS --clamp-mss-to-pmtu


How to open flashtool Ubuntu 18.04 problem with the command

The flashtool needs direct access to /dev/ttyACM0 if I am correct.

So either run with

sudo ./flashtool

or

chmod 777 /dev/ttyACM0

And be sure the ACM driver is not blacklisted in /etc/modprobe.d/.


Ubuntu MATE brightness keys not working on MacBookPro7,1 with NVIDIA driver, even after fix

I managed to solve it using the following url:

http://cosmicb.no/2014/05/18/nvidia-brightness-control-fix/

Briefly, what you have to do is to compile the nvidiadl driver and tell grub that the brightness will be handled using acpi by passing the  acpi_backlight=vendor argumentto the kernel.


Modeless/stateless layout language switching with Caps Lock, again (18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver)

There is a bug report you can subscribe to:

keyboard panel does not allow to set up Caps as input switch

The bug report reads:

  Keyboard panel has options for input switching, but it does not allow
  to use Caps as language switch.

  Steps to reproduce:

  gnome-control-center keyboard
  Scroll down to 'Typing' section
  Click on Switch to next input source
  Press Caps

  Expected result: Caps Lock key is accepted as switch key Actual
  results: Caps key is ignored in the selection window.

  P.S. Same goes for 'Switch to previous input source' and Shift-Caps
  key combination.

Bug Workarounds

The bug is currently on the "Wishlist". These workarounds are proposed:

Workaround 1

Found a workaround for this bug:

Install dconf-editor (sudo apt-get install dconf-editor)
Go to /org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/
Select key switch-input-source, turn off "Use default value" and set "Custom value" to ['Caps_Lock']
(Optional) You can also change value for switch-input-source-backward to something like ['Caps_Lock'] (again, turning off "Use default value")

Workaround 2

Another way to do this:
1. Install GNOME Tweaks (gnome-tweak-tool)
2. Open the Tweaks app
3. Switch to the Keyboard & Mouse panel
4. Click Additional Layout Options
5. Use the "Switching to another layout" section

Subscribe to bug report

I would recommend subscribing to the bug report and adding your own experiences. The more people subscribing to the bug report, the faster the solution comes (usually).


Changed LAMP WWW directory to Dropbox, now getting 403 Forbidden

Apache probably can't read from your Dropbox directory. In Ubuntu, Apache is configured to run as user www-data. Make sure you set the permissions on your filesystem to allow Apache reading the whole path.

To test whether this is really your issue, try in a terminal

sudo su -l www-data -s /bin/bash

and then cd step by step to your Dropbox folder:

cd /home
cd me
cd Dropbox
cd Web

Fix the permissions, e.g.

chmod o+rx on directories and chmod o+r on files, or
change groups on files/directories chgrp www-data and allow only the www-data group to read/access: chmod g+r for files and chmod g+rx for directories.


What is the simplest way to determine which packages are related to another package that I've already installed?

I suggest using aptitude for this purpose, install it if you not have it already:

sudo apt install aptitude

then use:

aptitude why pkg-name

e.g:

why libxinerama1
i   vlc Depends libxinerama1

Which means this package has been installed because vlc depends on it,
it also gives you information about "suggestions" and "recommendations".

If you want to see the other sides use something like:

apt-cache depends vlc --installed | grep -i rec
  Recommends: vlc-plugin-notify
  Recommends: vlc-plugin-samba
  Recommends: xdg-utils

which gives you a list of recommendations by VLC, change rec with sug for suggestions.

The other thing that I can think of is similar to aptitude why but not as smart of aptitude and that's apt rdpends pkg, e.g:

apt rdepends xdg-utils | grep -i sug

it will give you a list of packages that are suggesting xdg-utils, aptitude gives you the exact package that caused the installation.

You can get a better result using --installed option:

apt rdepends xdg-utils --installed xdg-utils


How can one control Quodlibet through media keys?

This is fixed in 2.3.2. Use the PPA for the latest version:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:lazka/ppa

What are PPAs and how do I use them?


Chroot is an operation that changes the apparent root directory for the current running process and their children. A program that is run in such a modified environment cannot access files and commands outside that environmental directory tree. So Be careful..


Grub: Fixing Partitions So Ubuntu Is Bootable

(NOTE: I edited the question, so I'm going to answer based off my edits)

I believe that when you were working with the partitions, you ended up formatting the 10.04 partition (which should be ext4) as an NTFS partition, because as you can see in gparted, everything is showing up as NTFS.

You could of course reinstall Ubuntu 10.04, but you'd  need to use the advanced parition editor to make sure you correctly configure the partitions that you want Ubuntu to use.


Why do apt-get and wget fail on my server when ping is working?

Based on your test of simply attempting to fetch the google homepage, via wget -q -O- http://www.google.com, there is a firewall FW-1 on the machine/domain jeinfw which seems to be blocking most, if not all outbound http access. (Ping/ICMP is not the same as http, so just because ping works doesn't mean http also does).

That's why apt-get is failing -- instead of the content it expects, whether text, bzip2, gzip or xz, it always gets this HTML response from the firewall when it requests any file:

<TITLE>Error</TITLE>

Error

FW-1 at jeinfw: Access denied.

To resolve this:

You need to set up the HTTP proxy servers you were given! (I was told via chat!)

Assuming the server is http://139.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080,

Open the /etc/profile file with sudo nano (or your favorite editor). This file stores the system-wide variables initialized upon boot into the console.
Add the following lines, modifying appropriately. You must duplicate in both upper-case and lower-case because (unfortunately) some programs only look for one or the other:

http_proxy=http://139.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080/
https_proxy=http://139.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080/
ftp_proxy=http://139.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080/
no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,localaddress,.localdomain.com"
HTTP_PROXY=http://139.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080/
HTTPS_PROXY=http://139.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080/
FTP_PROXY=http://139.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080/
NO_PROXY="localhost,127.0.0.1,localaddress,.localdomain.com"

Then, set up the proxies for apt-get and Update Manager

These programs will not obey the environment variables. Create a file called 95proxies in /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/, and include the following:

Acquire::http::proxy "http://139.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080/";
Acquire::ftp::proxy "ftp://139.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080/";
Acquire::https::proxy "https://139.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080/";

Finally, reboot the server to apply the changes.


How to move found files to another directory?

Your pipe (find ... | mv ...) means sending STDOUT of find to STDIN of mv. But mv does not accept files from STDIN, only arguments.
You could translate STDIN to arguments using xargs:
find ... -print0 | xargs -0 mv -t target

(-print0 and xargs -0 to pipe null-delimited instead of newline-delimited output, because newline is a valid character as part of filenames).
But preferred option is to simply use find -exec:
find ... -exec mv -t target {} +

In your case:
find /home/mikepnrs -newermt "$((10#$hour-1)):59" \
  ! -newermt "$hour:59" -exec mv -t /home/mikepnrs/timefile {} +

Disclaimer: I did not check the rest of your script.


Gnome shell messes up file selection and Chrome system title bar

This may have to do with the video card driver. I used to have issues like this with an Intel based video card (a Thinkpad laptop). It could only do compiz/fancy 3D desktop stuff on one of the "pipes" in that card, and so the display on the laptop had to be completely turned off in order for stuff to work properly on the projector/secondary display.

If I were you, I'd try that - to connect a monitor/projector and see if it behaves differently if you disable the physically attached/mounted laptop screen and only use the monitor/project. If the problem goes away, I'd report all of this as a bug against the video card driver on Launchpad.


DisplayPort out for 2560x1440 screen on MacBook Air (mid 2012)

Have a look at this very useful article here:
https://zignar.net/2012/12/20/linux-on-a-macbook-air/

There is a paragraph all about Thunderbolt:

  The bad and ugly: Thunderbolt

  The tldr version is that Thunderbolt support is currently a pain in
  the ass. It's so bad that in very weak moments I sometimes consider
  switching to OS X. (Just kidding, I wouldn't do that)

  Coldplugging works just fine. If you turn on the notebook with the
  display connected and don't unplug it until you're done there is
  nothing to worry about.

  Hotplugging doesn't work. If you want to walk around and get back
  later to the Thunderbolt monitor you're out of luck.

  Even worse is that a solution to the issue isn't very likely to appear ever.
  According to Intel developers the kernel does support the
  Thunderbolt hotplugging just fine.
  It is the BIOS that gets it all
  wrong and is sending some invalid values.
  So unless Apple starts to
  think that properly supporting Linux would be a good idea we'll never
  see a fix.

  Tiny solace: Connecting a regular monitor using a mDP adapter works
  fine.

  There is also an issue that will degrade the performance of the
  notebook if connected to a Thunderbolt display. But that can be fixed
  by disabling polling:

  1 > cat /etc/modprobe.d/drm_kms_helper.conf
   2 options drm_kms_helper poll=N


Keyboard backlight turns on after lock screen/display on

So, the Web is truly an amazing thing! After much research and diving into many forum links, I managed to better understand the problem, to find out what program was responsible for it and, finally, to disable this behavior for good. I thought I'd write down my steps, in case other people run into the same issue.

Step 1. Monitor the system to know if/when the keyboard backlight is being turned on

The first thing is to know that the current status of the keyboard backlight can be checked by reading the file /sys/devices/platform/dell-laptop/leds/dell\:\:kbd_backlight/brightness. So, we would like to be notified of any changes to this file and, ideally, what process invoked the change.

This can be done using fanotify. I used the example program that is provided in the man page and added a few modifications* so that I could monitor changes to the brightness file. Turns out that the process responsible for the modification was /usr/lib/upower/upowerd, which is a daemon process for UPower.

Step 2. Find out why UPower is turning the backlight on (fail)

This was the fuzziest part of the investigation, and I still can't tell why this happens. I found a person with a very similar problem but with no solution, so I started to see if I could just disable UPower completely (and what would the consequences be) when I found this link. Turns out UPower has a configuration file! That's better.

Step 3. Stop UPower from turning on the keyboard backlight

Finally, I edited the aforementioned config file, located at /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.UPower.conf, and changed <allow> to <deny> in the following line:

<allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.UPower"
       send_interface="org.freedesktop.UPower.KbdBacklight"/>

I then restarted dbus with sudo service dbus restart (use systemctl restart dbus.service on Ubuntu 16.04 and later) and proceeded to lock my screen to test the result and... It worked!! Well, sorta. The login screen wouldn't show up, so I couldn't log back in and had to force a restart. But then  everything worked great!

And that's it! I'm still curious what would be the right way to do this. If you know, leave a comment, please!

* For instance, the example program was only set up to monitor FAN_OPEN_PERMand FAN_CLOSE_WRITE events, but in this it was an FAN_MODIFY event.


simply run:

xset q

From man xset:

q       The q option gives you information on the current settings.

In the top section of the output, you will find your information, looking like:

Keyboard Control:
  auto repeat:  on    key click percent:  0    LED mask:  00000003
  XKB indicators:
    00: Caps Lock:   on     01: Num Lock:    on     02: Scroll Lock: off
    03: Compose:     off    04: Kana:        off    05: Sleep:       off
    06: Suspend:     off    07: Mute:        off    08: Misc:        off
    09: Mail:        off    10: Charging:    off    11: Shift Lock:  off
    12: Group 2:     off    13: Mouse Keys:  off

You can use grep to get specific result as follows:

$ xset -q | grep Caps
    00: Caps Lock:   off    01: Num Lock:    on     02: Scroll Lock: off


firstly welcome to awesome!

http://awesome.naquadah.org/wiki/Quickly_Setting_up_Awesome_with_Gnome

Excerpts:

 gconftool-2 --type bool --set /apps/nautilus/preferences/show_desktop False
 # Still disable the buggy Nautilus desktop thing
 gconftool-2 --type string --set /desktop/gnome/session/required_components/windowmanager awesome
 # sets awesome as wm

Assuming that you are on Gnome2, the above snippet should get you rolling. It disables the desktop (the desktop you see with the icons is a special nautilus window, it disables that). The second command sets sets awesome as the window manager dislodging compiz/metacity.

I am sure that you must be getting awesome as a session option while logging in. Basically, once you start using the awesome window manager, you'll start customizing things, and for  that bottom approach is advisable (as a fellow user, what draws you to this wm is its sense of minimalism and simplicity). What I mean is that when you'll login with awesome, you'll get bare minimum things. Start working your way up by knowing what all from gnome you require.

For me, they were:

gnome-settings-daemon : For window decorations and stuff
nm-applet : The network manager, reqd when you use wifi. Issue here is that it doesnt get access to the gnome-keyring. For wifi, I have seen people move to wicd and it seems to be great too.
gnome-power-manager : required if you are on a portable computer to lower your brightness, etc

You can put them into a file and called it like "start.sh" and call every time you login or you can put it in .Xsession file (I did this)

I had done that (from above, long back ) What I'd suggest you do is, run gnome-settings-daemon, nm-applet , gnome-power-manager etcetra on login. (automate using Xsession, I guess)


There appears to be a broken dependency for r-cran-boot. Specifically, it depends on r-api-3, which no longer exists, having been changed to r-api-3.4.

sudo aptitude full-upgrade
The following packages will be upgraded:
  r-cran-boot{b}
1 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 618 kB of archives. After unpacking 0 B will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 r-cran-boot : Depends: r-api-3 which is a virtual package and is not provided by any available package

The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

 Keep the following packages at their current version:
1)     r-cran-boot [1.3-20-1build1 (artful, now)]

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]

I'll try to submit a bug report presently.

Update: the package maintainer appears to have fixed the problem. I am able to upgrade without getting a dependency error.


Ubuntu 20.04 error on install gimp : Depends: libgimp2.0 (>= 2.10.18) but it is not going to be installed

One solution is to use aptitude. It is generally smarter than apt-get at resolving dependencies.

First, install aptitude:

sudo apt-get install aptitude

Then install Gimp using aptitude:

sudo aptitude install gimp

And then after running that, Gimp should be installed.


Update made my network stop working and receiving internal error message

It's hard to tell from the GUI error messages, but since you're on 14.04 it's likely your problem is the same as this one: Last upgrade crashes network manager (no internet connection, no applet)

Check /var/log/apt/history.log and if the recent updates included libnl libnl-genl libnl-route then it is the same problem and you can find the answer at the link above.


Secure way to launch lightdm/xorg/xfree86 from console startup

Why not just exit the console after starting X?

sudo service lightdm start && exit
nohup startx; exit   # send startx to background and exit

Note the problem you describe would be the same as when you login into any other TTY. Simply switching to some TTY does not (and IMO should not) log you out of other TTYs where you're logged in.


A kernel snap is a bundle containing the kernel (which might be different from the underlying OS) and drivers; providing the developer a way to deliver a customised OS configuration with its own drives, patches, and configuration.
The security whitepaper defines the architecture:

In general, the base system is delivered via three snaps that work together:

OS: provided by Canonical
Kernel: provided by either Canonical or the vendor of a particular device
Gadget: provided by either Canonical or the vendor of a particular device

The kernel snap provides the kernel and drivers, the OS snap provides the rest of operating system and the gadget snap provides boot, kernel, OS and application configuration. Each of these snaps may be updated independently of one another.


How do I encrypt/decrypt file within gedit?

I had to fight a bit with ryran's example until I got what I needed: encrypt using my GPG key to several people. This is the code to encrypt:

#!/bin/sh
gpg -a -e -r test@test.com -r test2@test.com --no-tty -

And to decrypt:

#!/bin/sh
gpg -d --no-tty - 2> /dev/null

And set input to "current document" and output to "replace current document" in both cases.


Find and search inside all compressed files

The simplest approach would be to list the contents of the archive and look for files of the relevant extension. For example, with a zip file:

$ zip -sf foo.zip | grep -iE '\.png$|\.jpg$'
  file1.jpg
  file1.png
  file2.jpg
  file2.png

The -sf option tells zip to list the files contained in an archive. Then, the grep will look for a .png or .jpg that are at the end of the line ($). The -E enables extended regular expressions, so we can use | as OR and the -i makes the matching case insensitive.

However, each archive tool has a different command to list the contents. I've written a script that can deal with most of the more popular ones. If you save that script as list_compressed.sh, you could then run:

list_compressed.sh | grep -iE '\.png$|\.jpg$|\.jpeg$|\.gif$|\.tif$|\.tiff$'

That would show you the most common image types. Note that this approach assumes that the file type can be determined by the file's extension. It will not find image files that don't have an extension and it will not recognize files with the wrong extension. There is no way to deal with that without actually extracting the files from the archive and running file on each of them.

If you want to find all archives that contain image files on your hard drive, combine the above with find:

find / -name '*.gz' -o -name '*.tgz' -o -name '*.zip' -print0 |
    while IFS= read -r -d '' arch; do
        list_compressed.sh "$arch" |
            grep -qiE '\.png$|\.jpg$|\.jpeg$|\.gif$|\.tif$|\.tiff$' &&
                echo "$arch contains image(s)"
    done

The find command will search for all .gz, .tgz or .zip files (you can add as many extensions as you like), those are then passed through my script. The -q suppresses grep's normal output, nothing will be printed. The && echo will print the archive's name only if the grep was successful.


Error while trying to download using wget

Try using a non SSL link for example your's might be https://foo.com/something/main.txt but try to be like http://foo.com/something/main.txt

Or Check your Network Settings for Proxy, do you need proxy?


Is my Asus 1000H netbook good enough for Ubuntu 12.10?

Welcome on Ask Ubuntu, Colin Lewis ! The requirements for Ubuntu Desktop are the following :

700 MHz processor (about Intel Celeron or better)
512 MiB RAM (system memory)
5 GB of hard-drive space (or USB stick, memory card or external drive but see LiveCD for an alternative approach)
VGA capable of 1024x768 screen resolution
Either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media
Internet access is helpful

So your processor frequency seems a little low (I think you have 667 Mhz max). If I were you I would consider to install Xubuntu 12.10 or Lubuntu 12.10. They would be more appropriate.

Xubuntu and Lubuntu are both very nice, but if you ever have the opportunity to try Ubuntu out, you will probably like its interface a lot !


"/casper/linuz: file not found"? when trying to boot off the CD

Your right guys it was a bad burn. I made around 5 copies before, and all were bad. When i tried a different burner it worked. Thanks.


It's a 'me too', with no solution.

...until I searched for the specific error.

Edit the file

/usr/lib/python2.7/idlelib/IOBinding.py

and replace this line in coding_spec function:

str = str.split("\n", 2)[:2]

with:

lst = str.split("\n", 2)[:2]

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2182753


Have you gone to setting then restricted drivers this will install any driver you need.

For choppy playback install the flash-helper firefox plug-in it will sort your flash out for you.


How to find java path and make a shortcut with jar files?

just make a launcher like this:

gnome-desktop-item-edit --create-new ~/Desktop

in the "command" box put in

java -Xms1G -Xmx4G -jar /full/path/to/FTB_Launcher.jar

that should leave you with a launcher on your desktop.
copy that to ~/.local/share/applications to get it on your launcher.

By " jar file which I downloaded works just fine" I assume you are launching it by double-clicking /right-click->open-ing the file? if that works fine try these steps:

1) press ctrl+alt+t ; this will open a terminal

2)enter / paste this : cd .ftblauncher ; the terminal prompt will end with ~/.ftblauncher$

3)enter java -Xms1G -Xmx4G -jar FTB_Launcher.jar ; If this launches FTB, then we can go to the next step: (do you have 4G of ram? -Xmx4G means use a max of 4GB)

4)This suggests that FTB needs to know where it's files are: it needs its "current directory" set. we can do this by making a small launcher script: (it's essentially the same as the one you showed, just waay simpler) Save the following code in a some file, say ftb.sh. Set it to be executable (right-click->properties->permissions->allow executing.)

#!/bin/bash
cd ~/.ftblauncher
java -Xms1G -Xmx4G -jar FTB_Launcher.jar

5)make the launcher as before, only this time let the command be /full/path/to/ftb.sh ; make the file executable by right-click->properties->permissions->allow executing.

getting hands really dirty:
save this as ftb.desktop. the icon line is optional if you can get your hands on a small icon .png file

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Icon[en_US]=/path/to/icon.png
Name[en_US]=Feed the beast
Exec=/full/path/to/ftb.sh
Name=Feed the beast
Icon=/path/to/icon.png

mark the file as executable
you can just drag it onto the launcher..
(mark as solved when u done :) good luck )


After experimenting for some time, I finally figured out the problem.

Ubuntu somehow does not use the gconf key for handling URLs, but rather uses the Exec entry in the firefox.desktop file.

So change the Exec entry in your firefox.desktop to firefox %u.


Keyboard Freezes with Wireless Use on HP Pavillion dm1

This is clearly a bug, file an issue with launchpad using apport, specify that this is a kernel issue so it gathers all the necessary details. Thanks.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ReportingBugs#Filing_bugs_when_off-line

apport-cli -f -p linux-generic --save bug.crash
ubuntu-bug -c bug.crash


Cron is running & executing jobs, but won't output to a .log file

I've since realised that the .sh file was executing - it was just the output that was not executing.
I fixed this issue by adding SHELL=/usr/bin/bash to the top of my crontab, and by changing the relevant line to use &>> to output to a log file:
* * * * * /home/josh/test_script.sh &>> /home/josh/cron_logs/test.log
Credit to this answer - I found it after I realised that the problem was isolated to the output to file segment of my command.


Samsung M2020 printer not working since 19.04 upgrade

add new repository

sudo bash -c 'echo "deb http://www.bchemnet.com/suldr/ debian extra" >> /etc/apt/sources.list'

wget http://www.bchemnet.com/suldr/pool/debian/extra/su/suldr-keyring_2_all.deb

sudo dpkg -i suldr-keyring_2_all.deb

sudo apt update

search your version

apt search suld-driver

(you cant find your version on this page by model number http://www.bchemnet.com/suldr/supported.html )

install your driver

sudo apt install suld-driver-**RIGHTVERSION**

sudo apt install suld-configurator-2-qt4


evolution error: mbox sent folder invalid URI

Check out:

  If the error message "Your message was sent, but an error occurred
  during post-processing. The reported error was "Failed to append to
  mbox:///home/user/.local/share/evolution/mail/local#Sent: Cannot get
  folder 'Sent': folder does not exist. Appending to local 'Sent' folder
  instead."." is shown, you can fix the problem by editing your default
  folder settings:

  Edit > Preferences > Mail Accounts > Edit > Defaults > Folder for sent
  messages.

  This bug is fixed in Evolution versions higher than 3.0.2 (stable
  s> eries) and 3.1.3 (unstable development series). If this is not the
  case, please add a comment to the corresponding bug report.

Basically says to edit the mail account / default tab and setup the sent (and probably drafts) folder location.

https://live.gnome.org/Evolution/FAQ#Error_message_.22Failed_to_append_to....22_after_sending_message


Configure an Avahi reflector to broadcast the address for only certain airplay targets

If anyone is looking for an answer for this still, here's a way to forward Airplay and other types of Zeroconf traffic between two Vlans:

In the avahi-daemon.conf, make sure the following is inserted:

[reflector]
enable-reflector=yes

Next add the following (customizing your Vlans of course):

[server]
allow-interfaces=vlan10,vlan20

I used two network cards to then bridge the vlans, others have said this could be done with a single card and an allow vlan x-x or allow vlan x, x on the switchport.

Found this solution here: http://www.packetmischief.ca/2012/09/20/airplay-vlans-and-an-open-source-solution/


Firefox - Arrows disappeared from scrollbar

This maybe a bit late but maybe someone will use it.

There is an addon for Firefox that changes the scroll bars, called "NewScrollbars (aka NoiaScrollbars)" that may be what your looking for.

The addon changes the new thin scrollbar to a wider one, it also has color settings for the scrollbar.

I can't stand the new interface in Firefox so I have several addon's to get back the old interface this happens to be one of them. Sadly Mozilla is update happy and keeps playing with Firefox in the process loosing much of what brought users to Firefox in the first place

This addin can be found on the Palemoon addins pages it will still work in those using Firefox versions before 57, this also works in the LTS versions of Firefox.    Pale moon addins "NewScrollbars (aka NoiaScrollbars)" Just download the xpi, then open it in Firefox, and if version compatible it will install.

You will find many of the older addins on the palemoon site, many are just the same as the Firefox version.


Broken package error when trying to install Kubuntu-desktop in Ubuntu 15.10

I had the same problem.

After some reading up on APT I was able to finish the kubuntu-desktop install and get APT generally working again. I had to force-remove account-plugin-google and its dependency unity-scope-drive:

dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq account-plugin-google unity-scope-gdrive

And then you can fix it and continue your kubuntu install with

apt-get install -f

I have not attempted to reinstall those packages so I don't know if this is a real "fix" but it at least got APT working again.


How to get host-name from DHCP server via Network Manager?

I searched about 8 days to find a solution but I found nothing. I developed my own method. It is not the best way but It works.

First step: Ubuntu always shows "Waiting for network configuraion..." and waits 2 minute to pass that. I changed two lines in failsafe.conf and disabled "sleep" functions to solve this problem.

* sudo nano /etc/init/failsafe.conf

...
$PLYMOUTH message –text=”Waiting for network configuration…”
#sleep 40

$PLYMOUTH message –text=”Waiting up to 60 more seconds for network…”
#sleep 59
...

Second step: Network fails after disable "sleep" functions. I changed rc.local to run /etc/init.d/networking restart to configure network correctly before login.

* sudo nano /etc/init/rc.local

/etc/init.d/networking restart
exit 0

I hope it will be useful for someone who faced the same problem.


problems with Realtek RTL8188ee on 14.04

Larry Finger, kernel maintainer, has a github repository with an improved driver. Hopefully it will be merged soon. Until then:

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic git dkms
git clone http://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git
cd /path/to/rtlwifi_new
make
sudo modprobe -rv rtl8188ee
sudo make install
sudo modprobe -v rtl8188ee

If you're doing this over your current wifi connection and the last step fails, reboot and everything should work.

A brief explanation of the above steps as requested:

Use sudo apt-get to install what is nessesary to build the
driver.
Use git to clone the github repository. See man git for
more info.
Use cd to change directory to wherever you cloned the
repository to. You'll need to be in that directory to build it. For
example: cd ~/stuff/rtlwifi_new in my case.
Use make to build the driver.
Use sudo modprobe -rv to unload the current driver.
Use sudo make install to install the new driver.
Use sudo modprobe -v to load the new driver.


Unknown CMake command "KDE4_INSTALL_ICONS"

You probably need to do something along the lines of apt-get build-deps kile, to ensure all the stuff you need to build kile is installed.

Then you may need to manually configure cmake with a few more variables: DCMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=[some src directory].  There is also a CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH variable that could have to be set.

I have a low level of confidence on this though.  Hopefully it may push you along in the right direction though.


I'm trying to install VGA driver for s3 virge

apt-get doesn't work with tar.gz files, it downloads directly from so-called repositories from the internet.

To install, run apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-s3virge, the package is available in 10.04 and 12.04.


From partition table(during installing 10.04)

1. select your linux drive(it should be ext3 or ext4)
2. select edit button
3  select mount point as "/"
4 check format disk.

Now move forward. Try to boot in recovery mode to login in your existing ubuntu. Are you sure upgrade completed successfully?


The error message say LANGUAGE = (unset), LC_ALL = (unset),, it say the language is not configured. So try to install language package. For English you can use "sudo apt-get install language-pack-en". After installing he language try to run upgrade


How to remove the Nautilus alert of Ubuntu One to synchonize folders?

In Nautilus, go to menu File -> Ubuntu One -> Hide Ribbon


How do I install ATI Radeon HD 3650 driver on my pc?

First of all, uninstall the proprietary driver to see a desktop again. Press ALT+CTRL+F1, login and type following commands:

Removing proprietary driver

sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev*

Install open-source driver again

sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-radeon
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core

sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup
sudo rm -rf /etc/ati

If you receive: "$ E: Internal Error, No file name for libgl1-mesa-dri..."

Change third command above so:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 xserver-xorg-core

Now reboot your computer with:

sudo shutdown -r now

Now your default open-source driver will be used.

To install newest Catalyst driver, following this step-by-step guide from here:

http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu_Oneiric_Installation_Guide


How delete Gmail account from Evolution?

I'm not entirely sure if this is going to help; however, I had the same problem and eventually managed to get rid of the Gmail account via some combination of the following:

Removing ~/.config/goa-1.0 and its contents.
Removing my Jabber account from the online accounts (it was configured to use gmail.com).
Removing a bunch of files named ~/config/evolution/sources/1377432950.21327.?@myusername.source, because they each contained a gmail.com setting.
Removing Google from the online accounts.
Adding Google back in the online accounts.

All of the above with Evolution shut down, of course. I'm not sure which of the above actions helped, but eventually Evolution didn't display the Gmail account anymore.


RabbitVCS displaying unchanged files on commit

The most likely explanation is ...

Your VCS tracks the executable flag, and you are using a Windows file system on Linux

Because Windows has no exe bit, when you mount a Windows FS in Linux, by default, every file is marked executable. Because the files were not originally checked in as executable, this shows up as a change to the properties on every file.

You can counteract this by checking out the working copy to a native Linux file system that supports the executable bit, or by altering the way you are mounting the Windows file system by including the noexec option. Note that this will prevent anything on this file system being run as a program.


Does version 12.10 support AMD graphics HD 6450

Version 12.10 supports that graphics without problems.
If this command:

/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p

Outputs all Yes evyrything is ok.
You can try this to fix unidentified graphics:

sudo apt-get -y install mesa-utils

And reboot.


The reason why you can't find the package you want is because 9.10 has reached its end of life and its repository has been removed - actually its been moved.

You can follow the instructions provided in this question and answer for installing dsniff for 9.10.

Installing software on an old Ubuntu version that's no longer supported


Ubuntu 18.04.3 Keeps Going To Sleep After I Re-Open Laptop

This Bug seens to be caused by a missing ACPI Signal for the "lid open event".

To fix this, add the following line to /etc/default/grub:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="button.lid_init_state=open"

and apply changes with

sudo update-grub

this worked for me.

I can highly recommend https://github.com/rolandguelle/razer-blade-stealth-linux
for futher issues with the Razer Blade Stealth Series and Ubuntu/Linux.

For further information about the button.lid_init_state Option see https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9512307/


Yes, there are compilers capable of assembling Intel 8086 architecture code. as86 is one example

sudo apt-get install as86

You may have to change how you call library routines as some interfaces would be different between operating systems.

8086 instructions can be expressed differently to different assemblers, so that's something to watch.


I would use pdfunite. It is nice and simple. cd to your directory. Then use something like this:

pdfunite *.pdf all.pdf

(Before running, make sure you don't already have a file called all.pdf in that directory.)


How do I add the messaging menu to the xfce-panel?

Try installing

sudo apt-get install xfce4-indicator-plugin

and make sure that you install

sudo apt-get install indicator-application indicator-appmenu indicator-messages

to get the messaging menu. (Indicator-messages will put up the Messaging menu on the panel)

Hope this helps.


Ubuntu adding path/Environment variables

Add those export lines to your ~/.profile file.

If you want it to apply to all users on the system, put it in /etc/profile instead;

sudoedit /etc/profile

Once you've edited either, you'll see the effect next time you log in.

See also http://mywiki.wooledge.org/DotFiles

On a side-note, if you instead install maven via the software center or apt-get, you won't need to do any of the above.


How do I keep the xrandr settings after reboot?

The latest 15.04 has no file named xorg.conf , so you have to create it.
It should be in /etc/X11 ,mine looks like this ,the system will boot with the desired settings.(you will have to adjust the file for it to work properly for you).

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier "HDMI2"
    Modeline "2560x1080" 230.00  2560 2720 2992 3424  1080 1083 1093 1120 -hsync +vsync
    Option "PreferredMode" "2560x1080"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier "Screen0"
    Monitor "HDMI2"
    DefaultDepth 24
    SubSection "Display"
        Modes "2560x1080"
    EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier "Device0"
    Driver "intel"
EndSection


16.04 'Alongside' Windows 7 install option

Try to defrag Windows first and then install Ubuntu


File permissions on NFS mount show up as 'nobody' after upgrading to 14.04

The vital clue showed up in /var/log/syslog:

Sep 16 13:11:07 client nfsidmap[7340]: nss_getpwnam: name 'www-data@lan' does not map into domain 'localdomain'

combined with this excerpt from NFSv4Howto

  If all directory listings show just "nobody" and "nogroup" instead of real user and group names, then you might want to check the Domain parameter set in /etc/idmapd.conf. NFSv4 client and server should be in the same domain.

and this comment in /etc/idmap.conf:

# set your own domain here, if id differs from FQDN minus hostname
# Domain = localdomain

So turns out my server thought its domain was lan:

server$ hostname -f
server.lan

server$ grep server /etc/hosts
127.0.1.1   server.lan server

while my client didn't have a domain:

client$ hostname -f
client

client$ grep client /etc/hosts
127.0.1.1   client

The fix: edit /etc/hosts on the client to read

127.0.1.1   client.lan client

and reboot.


How to disable plug in power source sound while headphone is plugged in?

This maybe more simple than what you were looking for but you could always just go to system settings > sound > sound effects tab > then lower the alert volume.


Terminal tab not opening in same directory

I think you are dealing with this bug. You will find there in the comment #2 the following workaround (thanks to Tim (darkxst) for it):

add the following line to the end of ~/.bashrc file:
. /etc/profile.d/vte.sh


Ubuntu 15.04 Doesn't Detect Monitor - xrandr crashes

I'm experiencing similar issues. I have noticed that this occurs if I use xrandr's --auto option or set mode to resolution other than that set in "display" settings panel before configuring xrandr.

I am using a startup script to set xrandr when I log in:
 xrandr --output VGA-0 --left-of DVI-0

try replacing "VGA-0" and "DVI-0" with whatever your hardware's output'sa are.

It's not ideal, as im working at a display far smaller than my main monitor is capable of (which seems to be an unrelated issue) but I can at least use both monitors this way


Policykit issue after installing custom kernel

If your packages are all up to date, you can try an old bug fix for this assuming you're using lightdm.

Edit the file /etc/pam.d/lightdm

At the bottom, add

session required pam_loginuid.so
session required pam_systemd.so

This works in some 14.04 distros.  If not, the alternative that has also worked for some is to remove apparmor:

sudo apt-get remove apparmor -y

But that's only a solution if you don't depend on apparmor for security.


Screen shows only noise after resuming from inactivity

I'll answer myself: seems to be a problem with the suspend functionality (system is not able to recover from suspension). One way of "fixing" it is to disable all the actions that end up in suspend in the power management settings (e.g. in KDE's settings, section power management).


Lubuntu Panel Applet or Indicator to display Mounted Volumes

I discovered this nice indicator:

sudo apt-get install ejecter

after installed you click Alt+F2 and enter

ejecter

to run it.

To have it start automatically at login create a file named ejecter.desktop in ~/.config/autostart:

nano ~/.config/autostart/ejecter.desktop

with the following content

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Ejecter
Exec=ejecter
Terminal=false
Type=Application
NoDisplay=true


First, you need to enable Firefox to manage your local Gnome-Shell extensions.
Go to https://extensions.gnome.org/local/, and check if you need to install two pieces of software. Just follow the onscreen instructions.
Then go to https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/750/openweather/ to enable the OpenWeather extension. Once installed, go to https://openweathermap.org to obtain a free personal API key, and paste it in in the OpenWeather settings panel. See image below...

Update #1:
In newer versions of OpenWeather, instead of obtaining a free personal API key, you can just flip the Use extensions api-key for openweather.org to ON.


Will the fast battery drain on Ubuntu damage my battery?

No.  If the current draw exceeded safe limits, the notebook would shut down.

Please take a look at accepted methods to reduce power draw at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PowerManagement/ReducedPower


How do i stop Ubuntu from asking for a password to decrypt my drive on start up?

Unfortunately you can't stop it.
When this encryption has been only applied on your home folder it is possible.


E: Syntax error /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01autoremove-kernels:1:

Try

sudo /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Before /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01autoremove-kernels

../../../linux-headers-3.2.0-65/scripts/kconfig/streamline_config.pl\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\.............

After /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01autoremove-kernels

// File autogenerated by /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal, do not edit
    APT
    {
      NeverAutoRemove
      {
        "^linux-image-3.2.0-65-generic$";
        "^linux-image-extra-3.2.0-65-generic$";
        "^linux-signed-image-3.2.0-65-generic$";
        "^linux-backports-modules-.*-3.2.0-65-generic$";
        "^linux-headers-3.2.0-65-generic$";
        "^linux-tools-3.2.0-65-generic$";
      };
    };


I figured this out by actually breaking Ubuntu.

While trying to install build-essential I tried removing these packages that were "held back" and Ubuntu actually broke. I could only load Ubuntu through recovery mode and, after lots of playing with a terminal, I managed to fix Ubuntu enough to boot to a terminal only version of Ubuntu. I had managed to uninstall the Ubuntu Desktop itself (as well as some other very important files that make computers work and stuff).

While trouble-shooting this problem I discovered an argument that for some reason has only ever fixed similar problems for me with the Desktop and the build-essential package. I got a huge long dependency for the Desktop because very important files were missing and I couldn't unlock root for some odd reason to save my files which I needed for school. I instead just researched this new problem and discovered that if I use sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall then it would install all dependencies with it (why hasn't anyone used this before!!?). I then tried that with ubuntu-desktop and it install just fine and now I have both things. So I guess what was happening is that I had just messed up some resource list so that files that needed to be updated just weren't getting updated.

In short and answer to both questions, what was happening was this: I made a mistake in my /etc/apt/sources.list that prevented certain important files to update and to install build-essential you just have to add checkinstall to the end of your apt-get command. If you have this same problem at any point in your life, you might consider moving your important documents to a computer you won't regularly break.


'/etc/hosts' , http links are redirecting, but https links are not redirecting

/etc/hosts does not care about protocols, it handles host names. Moreover, // is not a comment character in /etc/hosts. See

man hosts

for details.

127.0.0.1 test.com

should be enough for redirecting both http and https. Do you run a service listening for https connections on your localhost?


I can not connect to 5G/any network of wifi on ubuntu 20.04

As i read your question, you can connect to a 5GHz wifi SSID you see, but cant connect to other 5GHz or 2.4GHz wifis, correct?
You should specify more about your hardware, and if you had windows installed before, if it was working then.
Often the issue with wifi can be coverage, and sometimes its the wifi chip drivers. Try moving around to get a better signal, and maybe update ubuntu using sudo apt update and sudo apt upgrade


I had the very same issue as the OP, while trying to install Lubuntu 18.04 LTS. Symptoms include: when you press Esc while the "Ubuntu text with dotted progress bar" is displayed, you get to the text-mode boot log. There, I would see something like:

[190.934709] sd 2:0:0:0: timing out command, waited 180s
[190.934709] end_request : I/O error, dev sdc, sector 3970032
[190.934709] buffer I/O error on device sdc, logical block 496254

I found the exact same sector and block numbers reported elsewhere, where another user has the same issue of installing on the Asus Eee PC 4G (701). So I thought, these cannot be real block defects on my SD card then, it must be something else. Indeed I was able to successfully boot from the internal SD card reader after the following steps:

In BIOS, set up the SD card reader as the first boot device. For that, you first have to configure it in BIOS as the first mass storage device, and the internal mass storage device as the second one. Because only after that, the card reader will appear in the selection list of possible boot devices when changing the boot order.
In BIOS, set option "OS Installation" to "Finished". I suspect that the alleged block corruption error message happens when this option is set to "Start". The other user with the problem also said he had set this to "Start" when the issue happened.

The distribution I eventually installed was BunsenLabs Linux version Helium / i386, and it's running nicely. For live usage, it was needed to start it with the "Live 586 (failsafe)" option, but with all the no… kernel options removed, as otherwise the touchpad would not work. Once installed, no special kernel options were needed.

Note also that you can use the regular "PAE" version of distributions, no need for a "non-PAE" version, but perhaps for the forcepae kernel option (details).


Is it possible for /etc/hosts to include a file from my home directory?

But I'm wondering if it's possible for me to setup /etc/hosts so that it includes a file from my user's home directory.

The /etc/hosts file is for mapping hostnames to IP addresses before DNS can be referenced. So the answer is no.

  I would like to setup Ubuntu One to sync a hosts file in my home directory between my machines.

Would a hard link in your directory to /etc/hosts not accomplish that?
Something like this (where shared-directory will be your synch folder):

cd ~/shared-directory/
ln -i /etc/hosts hosts

The only difference in approach is that you then share 1 of your actual host files with all the other systems. And not a copy in your home directory.


Preseeding Ubuntu 12.04 ignores partitioning scheme

By selecting "atomic" you are telling the installer to use a predefined recipe file. The installer will look for this "atomic" recipe file in the following dirs:

/lib/partman/recipes-<arch>-<subarch>/*
/lib/partman/recipes-<arch>/*
/lib/partman/recipes/*

Search for the atomic recipe in these dirs to see if it is defining what you want.

Here is a preseed recipe that I have working on our PXE server to only set up a swap partition and use the rest of the disk for root(Ubuntu 14.04, netboot install):

d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition select biggest_free

d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string             \
    swap-root ::                                  \
        2048 4000 2048 linux-swap                 \
            method{ swap } format{ }              \
    .                                             \
        100 10000 100000000 ext3                  \
            $primary{ }                           \
            method{ format } format{ }            \
            use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 }  \
            mountpoint{ / }                       \
    .

#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select swap-root
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true


What are these auxiliary file descriptors?

Probing /proc/self is a tricky business, since it changes for each process. When you do /proc/self/fd/*, the shell expands the wildcard, so it's listing its own file descriptors. But when these are passed to another command, like find or ls, the paths will now be for that process' /proc/self, and it may or may not have fds with those numbers.

Even trickier, the shell may open file descriptors during wildcard expansion.

Comparing with /proc/$$/fd might be illuminating:

bash:

$ ls -l /proc/self/fd /proc/$$/fd/* &
[1] 5172
$ lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:16 /proc/4932/fd/0 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:16 /proc/4932/fd/1 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:16 /proc/4932/fd/2 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:16 /proc/4932/fd/255 -> /dev/pts/1

/proc/self/fd:
total 0
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:24 0 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:24 1 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:24 2 -> /dev/pts/1
lr-x------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:24 3 -> /proc/5172/fd

[1]+  Done                    ls --color=auto -l /proc/self/fd /proc/$$/fd/*

By sending it to the background, I got bash to print the PID, and you can see that /proc/self/fd/3 points to ls' own /proc/<PID>/fd, which it had opened to scan. The entries with 4932, OTOH, are for bash's fds, and the special one is 255. An explanation is found in this SO post:

  The open files are 0 (stdin), 1 (stdout), and 2 (stderr). 255 is a
  little trick that bash uses to keep a copy of these for when they are
  redirected. This is specific to bash.

  Source: https://books.google.com/books?id=wWjqCF9HLfYC&pg=PA231

With mksh:

$ ls -l /proc/self/fd /proc/$$/fd/*   &
[1] 5075
$ lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:22 /proc/5074/fd/0 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:22 /proc/5074/fd/1 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:22 /proc/5074/fd/10 -> /dev/tty
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:22 /proc/5074/fd/2 -> /dev/pts/1

/proc/self/fd:
total 0
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:22 0 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:22 1 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:22 2 -> /dev/pts/1
lr-x------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  1 20:22 3 -> /proc/5075/fd

[1] + Done                 ls -l /proc/self/fd /proc/$$/fd/*

Practically the same thing, except that the extra fd is 10, and I'd wager it's for the same reason as bash, since the source code indicates that fd 10 and onwards is used by the shell.

I didn't get two or three extra fds, but it could be due to any number of things happening during wildcard expansion, or due to background jobs or some other obscure reason.

If I run your for loop, I do get an ephemeral fd 3:

$ for fd in /proc/$$/fd/* ; do ls -l $fd ; done
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 17:39 /proc/6012/fd/0 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 17:39 /proc/6012/fd/1 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 17:39 /proc/6012/fd/2 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 17:39 /proc/6012/fd/255 -> /dev/pts/1
ls: cannot access '/proc/6012/fd/3': No such file or directory

And here, using strace to trace the execution:

strace -e open -o log bash -c 'for fd in /proc/$$/fd/* ; do : ; done'

We'll see that the third fd is, in fact, /proc/<PID>/fd:

$ tail log
open("/usr/lib/libreadline.so.7", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open("/usr/lib/libdl.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open("/usr/lib/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open("/usr/lib/libncursesw.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK)     = 3
open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open("/usr/lib/gconv/gconv-modules.cache", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/gconv/gconv-modules", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open("/proc/9975/fd/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
+++ exited with 0 +++

Now the question is, why didn't this fd show up in the earlier ls tests? It looks like backgrounding had something to do with this:

$ ls -l /proc/$$/fd/*   &
[1] 10091
$ lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 17:46 /proc/10076/fd/0 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 17:46 /proc/10076/fd/1 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 17:46 /proc/10076/fd/2 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 17:46 /proc/10076/fd/255 -> /dev/pts/1

[1]+  Done                    ls --color=auto -l /proc/self/fd /proc/$$/fd/*
$ ls -l /proc/$$/fd/*
ls: cannot access '/proc/10076/fd/3': No such file or directory
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 17:46 /proc/10076/fd/0 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 17:46 /proc/10076/fd/1 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 17:46 /proc/10076/fd/2 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 17:46 /proc/10076/fd/255 -> /dev/pts/1

The foreground ls shows the missing fd.

Now, again tracing with strace:

strace -fe open,execve,fork -o log bash -ic 'ls -l /proc/self/fd /proc/$$/fd/* &'

We see:

10731 execve("/usr/bin/bash", ["bash", "-ic", "ls -l /proc/$$/fd/* &"], [/* 67 vars */]) = 0
10731 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
# snip
10734 open("/proc/10731/fd/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
10734 execve("/usr/bin/ls", ["ls", "--color=auto", "-l", "/proc/10731/fd/0", "/proc/10731/fd/1", "/proc/10731/fd/2", "/proc/10731/fd/255"], [/* 68 vars */]) = 0

Note the change in PIDs. It seems that wildcard expansion takes place after forking, but variable expansion happens before that. So, fd 3 exists, but in a different process. Now i you use self instead of $$, you'll see both 3 and 255:

$ strace -fe open,execve -o log bash -ic 'ls -l /proc/self/fd/* &'
[1] 10790
ls: cannot access '/proc/self/fd/255': No such file or directory
ls: cannot access '/proc/self/fd/3': No such file or directory
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 18:04 /proc/self/fd/0 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 18:04 /proc/self/fd/1 -> /dev/pts/1
lrwx------ 1 muru muru 64 Jan  2 18:04 /proc/self/fd/2 -> /dev/pts/1

Addendum

A related answer on Unix&Linux Stackexchange site cites a response from a mail list:

  Fd 255 is used internally as a connection to the tty, so that it doesn't interfere with the use of exec to relocate fds. Bash also allocates high fds when handling a process substitution `<(foo)', for the same reason.

  Andreas Schwab


I've tried many approaches until I was successful.

The approach that worked

The only approach that worked was downloading the deb-bundble.tar from MySQL website and installing the packages one by one. I followed these steps:

Go to MySQL 5.6 download page: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads
In the OS options, select "Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit"
Download the deb-bundle, a file named: mysql-server_5.6.40-1ubuntu14.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar, usually, it's the first option
Untar the bundle somewhere using: tar -xf mysql-server_5.6.40-1ubuntu14.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar

The tar contains multiple deb packages, including mysql-server, mysql-community-server, ... etc
Then I tried to install these using: sudo dpkg -i <package-name> one-by-one, but I had follow their order according to error messages that fired, e.g.: I first tried: sudo dpkg -i mysql-server_5.6.40-1ubuntu14.04_amd64.deb, it failed because it requires mysql-community-server_5.6.40-1ubuntu14.04_amd64.deb to be installed first and so on. The right order for a few is: mysql-common, mysql-community-client, mysql-client and then mysql-community-server.
Some of the package installed successfully, some produced errors, after I have tried sudo dpkg -i mysql-server_5.6.40-1ubuntu14.04_amd64.deb for the last time which gave some errors, I desperately tried: sudo apt-get install -f which grabbed the missing dependencies and voila, MySQL Server 5.6 is successfully installed, up and running

Approaches that didn't work

Using Trusty Universal Repo

It's worth mentioning that I first tried the same approach that used to work in Ubuntu 16.04, that is, to add the 'trusty universe' repo and try installing mysql-server-5.6, i.e. I followed this:

sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty universe'
sudo apt-get update
apt-get install mysql-server-5.6

This approach did NOT work. It failed because there's a dependency initscripts that cannot be installed. It seems that it have been replaced after Ubuntu 16.04. Installing it's replacements: util-util-linux sysvinit-utils didn't help either.

Using MySQL apt config package

I also tried using MySQL config package (mysql-apt-config_0.7.3-1_all.deb) I downloaded from this repo: https://repo.mysql.com/ and installed via: sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.7.3-1_all.deb. It didn't recognize Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic) of course, so, I acted as if it's xenial and configured MySQL Server version to 5.6, then I tried to check which MySQL version is now available for installation using: apt-cache policy mysql-server but that also didn't work, I still have later versions than 5.6.

Final note

Although the last two approaches didn't work, they may have contributed to the success of the first approach by making some packages or configuration available, I honestly don't know.

When I became hopeless that any approach would work, I considered compiling and installing it from source, I started that endeavor (I installed the build essentials and created the user group and the user) and was about to grab the source code when I stumbled upon the deb-bundle that turned out to be fruitful and was the successful approach I described above.


You can use get Grub to boot straight into Ubuntu without waiting by setting the value

GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0

In your /etc/default/grub file.  This will select the default option on the list (I assume this is Ubuntu for you) and go straight in.


If guest account works well, then the problem is somewhere in user settings. The easiest way to solve is just create a new user with administrative rights, then transfer all your files to the other home directory. Then delete old user.


Issues Booting from Bios with Windows 8.1

It would help if you posted what system you have and which bios you are running. But try f2 when you reboot sometimes that's the key you need. (to get into bios) other wise just burn a dvd and install, efi boot works for Cd/dvd's.


How can I find which desktop enviroment I am using?

And you can try $DESKTOP_SESSION for the DE.


Ubuntu 17.10 with Gitlab and Nginx (ha!)

So, if anyone gets there:

sudo apt-get install nginx-extras
sudo apt-get install nginx-common
sudo apt-get install passenger

And there you go. Hope it helps.


Installation is retrieving file 56 of 56, for AGES!

You might try disabling networking and restarting the installation.

I experienced the same problem you described while installing Ubuntu Desktop 16.04 LTS (64-bit) in Hyper-V under Windows 10. The installation got to "Retrieving file 56 of 56" and nothing further happened.

The solution for me was to temporarily disable networking. Since I was installing in Hyper-V, it was just a matter of stopping the VM, disabling networking in Hyper-V Manager's Settings, and restarting the VM. Upon restarting, the Ubuntu installer detected an existing copy of Ubuntu 16.04 LTS as being installed (from the prior unfinished attempt), and I selected the option to erase the existing instance of the OS and re-install it. This time the installer successfully completed the installation, ending with the expected message that the system must be restarted. I turned networking back on in Hyper-V Manager settings and restarted. A fully working copy of Ubuntu is now up and running for me. Hope this helps.


Throttle and overheating on Dell XPS Studio 1645

Here you can find a script to throttle your CPU frequency based on temperature. You set a max temperature, and if your system goes over that temperature it slows down your CPU(s).

http://seperohacker.blogspot.com/2012/10/linux-keep-your-cpu-cool-with-frequency.html


Your CPU/GPU probably can't support the newer graphics APIs needed for Unity.

Try lubuntu or xubuntu.  They are lighter, require less resources, and should install.


Capslock works on letters but not on punctuation

From How can I remap the caps lock key to be shift

Install gnome-tweak-tool:

sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Start gnome-tweak-tool:

gnome-tweak-tool

Change the CapsLock behavior from Deactivated to CAPS Lock activate the Shift Lock

You can now type 1234 with CapsLock (but be careful, Shift + Mouse on an application icon open a new window).

UPDATE for 18.04:

Start gnome-tweaks

gnome-tweaks

Go to Keyboard & mouse -> Additional Layout Options (refered as Options supplémentaires d'agencement on my screenshot) -> CapsLock Behavior

Change CapsLock from Desactivated to Use CapsLock as Shift (there are some different options, test and choose which one fits to your use)


Which Lubuntu website is the correct one?

The official Lubuntu home is: https://lubuntu.me
If you query whois you see that lubuntu.me is registered by Canonical:
$ whois lubuntu.me
[..]
Registrant Organization: Canonical, Ltd.
[..]

Also, some Canonical owned pages about Lubuntu stuff link to lubuntu.me:

the Ubuntu release page: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/18.04/release/
the Ubuntu flavors page: https://www.ubuntu.com/download/flavours
a 2016 request to update some links to lubuntu.me: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-website-content/+bug/1543842

Last, but not least the Lubuntu Wikipedia page links to lubuntu.me as the official website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubuntu
On the other hand, you can find frequent reports about lubuntu.net having outdated download information and its whois is rather opaque: 'Admin Organization: WhoisGuard, Inc./Admin City: Panama'.
lubuntu.net is still around and apparently was maintained by a member of the lubuntu project. Since 2016, there seems to be some kind of beef going between the people then controlling lubuntu.net and the current lubuntu development team controlling lubuntu.me:

2016 launchpad discussion about lubuntu.me vs. lubuntu.net: https://bugs.launchpad.net/lubuntu-artwork/+bug/1608306 - in 2016 a lubuntu developer commented there 'Lubuntu.me is our official site, and we are working right now to talk to the owner of lubuntu.net in hopes of getting something done. I'll keep you posted.' and then in 2018 'Lubuntu.me is the only official and accurate one.'
a 2018, April lubuntu.me blogpost: 'all of our official web presences (meaning, Lubuntu.me and subdomains, because Lubuntu.net is no longer under the control of the Lubuntu project (we can’t say more at this time except that we are in no way affiliated with FOSSASIA))'
a 2018, September IRC comment by one of the lubuntu developers 'They [lubuntu.net] refuse to publish up-to-date content and refuse to work with us.'
a lubuntu.me Phabricator ticket asserting that lubuntu.net is 'impersonating' elements/pages of lubuntu.me


Getting a LAMP server secured and locked down for development

The easiest way I know is using htpasswd. With it, you can create a database of users and passwords that will restrict the access to your website as you want. You have more info here: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/programs/htpasswd.html


How to install software from Ubuntu Software

With the Error Above.

E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission
denied) E: Unable to lock the administration directory
(/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?

It means you don't have root/administrative permissions to install software's.

To install a software like VLC from the terminal.
You can issue the following command with sudo

sudo apt-get install vlc

And it will then prompt you for your password.

so always use sudo.

and you can also read more about sudo command, by typing in your terminal.

man sudo


As already said, you cannot install .exe win32 executables on Linux but please be informed that Open Hardware Monitor is also available for Linux, in fact:

  On Linux systems the Open Hardware Monitor requires Mono with WinForms.

http://openhardwaremonitor.org/downloads/

Install Mono:

sudo apt install mono-complete

Run OHM:

mono OpenHardwareMonitor.exe


Openshot 1.4.3 no longer recognising blender when making animated titles

Found this on another site and it worked for me.  Very simple solution! "I'm using Ubuntu 14.04.1 and needed to change the location of blender from the default of 'blender' to '/usr/bin/blender' since this is the path used to access blender. From a terminal screen type 'which blender' (omitting quotes) will display the path to the blender executable. Enter the entire output line including the / at the beginning into the Blender location line of preferences." Thanks to rdgreenlaw (rgreenlaw) at https://answers.launchpad.net/openshot/+question/249837


Should I format all my drives, internal and external to ext4?

Ext4 is Ubuntu's default and supported filesystem. If you're going to use your drives only with Ubuntu or other Linux systems, the answer is yes: The best choice is formatting them as ext4.

But you need to have in mind that some systems (such as Windows) do not support ext4 natively and you may get into trouble if you need to install Windows some day.


It happened to me as well in both Xubuntu 14.04 LTS and Lubuntu 14.04 LTS running on VMware player 3.1.4 build-385536. It seems a kernel issue that is not yet sorted out.

I sorted out the problem by downgrading the kernel.
Check kernel version (in my case it was 3.13.0-37-generic)

    uname-r
    3.13.0-37-generic

Remove it and update grub

    sudo apt-get remove 3.13.0-37-generic
    sudo update-grub
    sudo shutdown -r now

This reverted to kernel 3.13.0.24-generic that does not exhibit the issue.

I hope this helps!


Ubuntu SDK does not install on Ubuntu 12.04 64bit?

You can install it on 12.04 as well. The workaround is to manually install the package:

sudo dpkg --force all -i /var/cache/apt/archives/qtchooser_0.0.1~git20121229.g8f08405-0ubuntu1~precise1~test5_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get -f install


How do you fix unmet dependency when installing Cinnamon on Ubuntu 14.04?

The package

cinnamon-screensaver

depends on

gir1.2-webkit2-3.0

and this depends on

gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-3.0 (= 2.4.0-1ubuntu2)

(you haven't enabled trusty-updates, but that's not the problem).

Your problem is, that you have installed (manually or earlier by a PPA or something else) the version 2.4.3-1ubuntu2, as you can see in the output of the command which you have run:

# apt-cache policy gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-3.0
gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-3.0:
  Installed: 2.4.3-1ubuntu2
  Candidate: 2.4.3-1ubuntu2
  Version table:
 *** 2.4.3-1ubuntu2 0
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2.4.0-1ubuntu2 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages

The solution is easier than you think:

Downgrade the package and because there is no repository with the wrong version in your system, we're done.

sudo apt-get install gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-3.0=2.4.0-1ubuntu2
sudo apt-get install -f


I'd like to contribute here, since there seems to be little instructions.

Find the language / keyboard input you need from here

So for example fr-be French (Belgium) is 080C.

Then run these commands to generate the keyboard mapping for your chosen input.

xrdp-genkeymap km-080C.ini

To copy it in the xrdp folder

sudo mv km-080C.ini /etc/xrdp

Remember that you must change the permissions of the file, so that it can be used

sudo chown root:root /etc/xrdp/km-080C.ini

Restart the service and it should work

sudo service xrdp restart


Add different configuration of mate as a new desktop environment

I do something like this using dconf.

I configure a desktop -- theme, wallpaper, shortcuts, position of panels, content of panels -- apps, widgets, and so on. Then :

dconf dump / > dconf.desktop.1.out

I can then recreate that desktop on another computer or for another user with :

dconf load / < dconf.desktop.1.out

With a simple script you could rig up a menu of options from which your users could select a template and even create desktops of their own.


Packages installed by one user not available to another in Ubuntu

You should compare contents of $PATH variables of both users (echo $PATH). Or compare whole ~/.bashrc and ~/.profile.

Software installed by APT should become available for all users (except some system utilities in /sbin or /usr/sbin).


What software can I use to make a mirror image of Ubuntu?

Clonezilla is great for cloning Windows and Linux. You can boot it from USB/CD/PXE and image to files on an external drive, samba, nfs,  & ssh. You can also disk to disk.


Having Windows 7 and want to install a new Ubuntu 13.04

If you are able, setup Ubuntu on a separate drive.

Windows is very aggressive at corrupting competitive systems.  I have setup separate drives for Linux and Windows so that Windows never gets to access that drive.

Also always keep your data on an external (USB) drive.