How can I change the text size of bookmarks in Files / Nautilus?

Ubuntu 18.04
Radiance Theme..

add the below content under the last line in /usr/share/themes/Radiance/gtk-3.20/apps/nautilus.css file. change the font-size value 12px to your preferred size.

/* for side bar reduced text size */

.nautilus-window placessidebar.sidebar row.sidebar-row {
    font-size:12px; }

button.sidebar-button {
    min-width: 2px;
    min-height: 2px;
    margin-top: 0px;
    margin-bottom: 0px;
    padding: 0;
}

open other file /usr/share/themes/Radiance/gtk-3.20/gtk-widgets.css and find the below content in around line number 2201.

placessidebar.sidebar row.sidebar-row {
    color: shade(@places_sidebar_fg_color, 0.9);
    background-image: none;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: top left;
    background-color: transparent;
    min-height: 12px;
    border:none;
    text-shadow: none;
}

here i have already changed min-height to 12px to match with font-size as we already declared in nautilus.css file above.

save the files and reboot to see the change.

Radiance Theme after configuration:

Note: Different GTK themes have different type of arrangements like everything is configured in a single file or some themes like Radiance theme have separate apps folder and nautilus.css file in it. you may have to do trail and errors with the key lines like .nautilus-window placessidebar.sidebar row.sidebar-row and other fields too as mentioned in above codes.

other configured theme.

Edit: for Adwaita Dark Theme, you can add the same content under the line
@import url("resource:///org/gtk/libgtk/theme/Adwaita/gtk-contained-dark.css"); in /usr/share/themes/Adwaita-dark/gtk-3.0/gtk.css file

@import url("resource:///org/gtk/libgtk/theme/Adwaita/gtk-contained-dark.css");

/* for side bar reduced text size */

.nautilus-window placessidebar.sidebar row.sidebar-row {
    font-size:12px; }

button.sidebar-button {
    min-width: 2px;
    min-height: 2px;
    margin-top: 0px;
    margin-bottom: 0px;
    padding: 0;
}

placessidebar.sidebar row.sidebar-row {
    color: shade(@places_sidebar_fg_color, 0.9);
    background-image: none;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: top left;
    background-color: transparent;
    min-height: 12px;
    border:none;
    text-shadow: none;
}


There are a few different ways to do this. If you are familiar with using the terminal, I would recommend you cd into the directory where your second hard drive is located. You can them enter mkdir [NAME IT WHATEVER YOU WANT] to create the directory (directory means the same thing as a folder.)

If you are unfamiliar with the terminal, you can use nautilus (ubuntu's default file manager) to create a new folder. To open nautilus press the super key (usually the windows key) and start typing nautilus. Then navigate to your second hard drive, right-click, and select Create New > Folder.


Different people use different schemes for partitioning their hard drives depending on their preference, so the answers here will probably vary. For sure you need a "/" partition, and I would recommend a "swap" partition as opposed to a swap file. Also, it is not a bad idea to have a separate "/home" partition. Some users have a separate "/boot" partition, I never bother.So for me, I have the following partitions:

/

/home

swap

During the installation process you will be prompted to format your hard drive. It is at this stage that you generate the different partitions on the different drives. I guess your 160Gb will be /dev/sda and your 1TB will be /dev/sdb. You could put "/" and "swap" partitions on /dev/sda and "/home" on /dev/sdb, or you could put "/" on /dev/sda and "/home" and "swap" on /dev/sdb, its totally up to you. I guess there are performance gains to be had by having your swap partition on the 1TB, but it's up to you.

When prompted, select /dev/sda, create a new partition, select a size, format it as ext4 and mount it as "/". (I think it is labeled "use as" not "mount as"). Leave enough space for your swap partition, lets say twice as much as your memory. (So if you have 4G RAM, reserve 8G for swap).

Do the same for swap. Select /dev/sda, create the partition, mount it as "swap".

Do the same for "/home". Select /dev/sdb, create a partition, format it as ext4, mount it as "/home".

You should be good to go from here on in.


If you are just going to sell the computer it is best to do a fresh install so that all the old files are at least overwritten.

I would recommend that you install 12.04 not 12.10 as 12.10 is still in testing.  I would not be happy if I bought a computer that had an unstable OS

To install just boot into the Live USB or Live CD and select Install Ubuntu

When next screen comes up select Replace Ubuntu version X with Ubuntu 12.04
Mark the check box that says format the drive to reformat the drive and wipe all the documents and preferences

Then just let the installer run and when finished you should have a brand new Ubuntu installed.

BTW in doing this you will not need the old password.  To effectiely run Linux you need to have some password to do admin tasks.  Just choose some easy to remember password to install the system and tell the buyer to be sure to change it.  If you select using no password you can do nothing but boot the computer and run most programs, you cannot install remove or update without a password.  I.E. you have a limited account that is only slightly more useful than a guest acct.


Multiple OS's already installed - Only have Windows 7

It may be that you wiped the partitions but not the MBR. If you are planning to use the whole drive just for Ubuntu, then just choose the option to delete all other OS.

If you are planning to dual boot, you should set up Windows first. If you are still able to, recover Windows to the computer from the recovery partition. Then boot into Windows and install Ubuntu using Wubi.


'/bin' is not included in the PATH variable after installing Java JDK 8.1

The immediate problem is the typo in your .bashrc file, where a capital s is used in place of a dollar sign for the export PATH.  It should look like:

export PATH="$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin"

instead of

export PATH="SPATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin"

Now .bashrc is for non-login shells -- I typically use .profile to change my PATH variable.  If you manually picked the .bashrc to make the change, I'd suggest  making the JAVA_HOME modifications at the end of your .profile, but if the install selected .bashrc, then leave it, unless things don't work.


Ubuntu 20.04 on Raspberry Pi 4 cannot install MicroK8s

Indeed, download the 64 bit version for raspberry
https://ubuntu.com/download/raspberry-pi
Recommended : Server LTS 20.4.1 : https://ubuntu.com/download/raspberry-pi/thank-you?version=20.04.1&architecture=server-arm64+raspi
Desktop 20.10 : https://ubuntu.com/download/raspberry-pi/thank-you?version=20.10&architecture=desktop-arm64+raspi
Server 20.10 : https://ubuntu.com/download/raspberry-pi/thank-you?version=20.10&architecture=server-arm64+raspi
the 32 bit version for raspberry use armhf (apparently not supported by microk8s)
the 64 bit versions use arm64


I want to try out an alternative DE on 14.04 but am skeptical

Generally, yes.

In the case of variants that are already in the main archive, the installation of the DE and related applications used by that variant (for example, KDE and its default applications in Kubuntu) is as easy as sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop. That being said, because there's no separations between the DE's, you will see programs that are default for Unity appear in KDE and programs that are default for KDE appear in Unity. You might even see two settings menus: one meant for Unity and one meant for KDE. (substitute KDE for Cinnamon here)

It may have been that since you were using a Gnome PPA, and since Unity is based at least in part by Gnome, different/unexpected versions of Gnome applications may have caused Unity to stop working. In general, this shouldn't happen for an unrelated DE.

On another note, since this is coming from a PPA, it falls on the PPA maintainer to make sure the packages are of a good quality and that there aren't any bugs at the packaging level.


Ubuntu 13.04 tells me it won't update itself anymore, wants me to upgrade to 13.10

Ubuntu 13.04 updates are not provided anymore, for your security
  you should upgrade to 13.10.

Ubuntu 13.04 already reached EOL(End of life).So you won't get any  upgrades for this version.Try to upgrade your pc from Ubuntu 13.04 to 13.10.

And all Ubuntu versions ending in .04 are not LTS versions.

LTS Versions

EOL releases


QT Creator cannot start ubuntu apps on ubuntu 16.04

Now it works.

I made two mistakes:

The Desktop kit was set to the wrong qt version
It was executing the testsuite and not the program itself


Either the graphics drivers failed to load at boot, or nomodeset has been enabled, making the kernel not load the graphics card drivers. Check your boot settings.


Low-battery-power action without gnome-power-manager

You are very probably already running it:  acpid.  If the GNOME or KDE stuff is already installed then you'll find a bunch of ACPI event handlers already in /etc/acpi/events and scripts run in response to those events in /etc/acpi itself; you can modify or replace those scripts with your own handlers.

Unfortunately, there doesn't appear to be a lot of documentation included with Ubuntu about what events are available, and the handlers I see provided with acpid and acpi-support don't appear to include anything that tracks the battery level.  Since ACPI should be providing events for that, you may have to experiment with /usr/share/doc/acpid/examples/default* to see what events are actually delivered so you can write handlers for them.


can't create startup disk in ubuntu when selecting fedora iso

Ubuntu Startup disk maker able to create Debian based OS like Lubuntu,Xubuntu,Kubuntu,Kali,Debian and Ubuntu and others similar "Debian bases distros". Not support distros like fedora,Cent OS and Open SUSE.

Reason described well here


`sudo -iu user` getting error `-sh: 1: source: not found`

I fixed it using
sudo usermod --shell /bin/bash user


What network configuration manager am I using?

Your network configuration is set in the file /etc/network/interfaces. It provides that your ethernet interface, eth0, will be brought up automatically on boot and will request an address from the switch or router by DHCP. The fact that your network is working fine, as you say, shows that the file, along with the ifup/down mechanism, is working properly.


Is it possible to store documents in Ubuntu One and edit them online?

Currently this is not possible, but it is a good idea, and one you should suggest to the ubuntu-one developers.


Your question isnt very clear, but it SOUNDS like you installed via WUBI, i.e you installed from within windows using a setup wizard that poped up when you inserted the CD (or mounted the ISO) in this case you can just uninstall it like any other windows software - Uninstall using the link in start if any or from Add/Remove Programs. No other steps.


Is this the Pivot Animator you are trying to run?

It doesn't look good. It currently has a 'Garbage' rating at WineHQ AppDB even with wine 1.7.

Maybe an older version of it might run.


how to change screencast duration in gnome3 screen recorder

Open the dconf-editor
Find org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys in the tree of settings
Find the setting named max-screencast-length (the default value is 30 seconds)
Change it to 600 seconds for 10 minutes (10 * 60 seconds), or 1800 seconds for 30 minutes (30 * 60 seconds)


From your link:

CPU: Rockchip 3188 Cortex A9,1.6GHz,Quadl-core CPU+Quad-core GPU

See: https://github.com/linuxerwang/rkflashkit

rkflashkit
rkflashkit is an open sourced (GPL v2) toolkit for flashing Linux kernel images (Picuntu) to rk3066/rk3188 based devices. It's programmed with python and gtk2. The kernel program is adapted from Galland's rkflashtool_rk3066 which is in turn based on cyteen's rk3066-rkflashtool.
rkflashkit talks to the devices through vpelletier's python-libusb1 which is a python wrapper of libusb. For convenience the python-libusb1 programs are included in rkflashkit. Also included is binary created for Ubuntu.

The rest is up to you. I suggest to start with the read me ;)


Can't boot into Ubuntu after run boot-repair

I found a quite simple solution, write out here for anyone who need it:

You should have a Ubuntu in your CD or in your USB stick, prepare it.
Try to boot into this Ubuntu through boot option(In my case, I pressed F2 when I powered on my laptop, it is usually, F8, F10 or F12)
It will load Ubuntu components and will ask you want to Try or Install, choose Try it because you want to fix, not install a new one.
When get inside, try to find where GRUB is, install a new one through some command like:

sudo grub-install

If everything worked well, you can boot normally in next reboot.


Reset default Browser to Firefox after install Chrome in Kubuntu 16.04

You can use the Settings manager to update the default Web Browser. Take a look on this thread: How to golbally set default web browser, at the end, an user solved this, by chosing the desired web browser on Default Applications -> Web Browser.

To make Mozilla Firefox the default, just type firefox in the input text field.


Why my cron job is running every minute when it is scheduled to run every hour?

use 0 at place of first * like :

0 */1 * * * cd /home/user/shell-scripts && sh mongo-backup.sh

if you use * it means it will execute every minute.


How much memory assign to the partitions on the installation?

You need to install gParted onto a thumb drive http://gparted.org/liveusb.php

Next, run disk defragmenter in Windows, and you need to get 100% defragmented if possible.

Then boot off the usb, and resize your 500GB partition to 100GB.

When that is done you should have about 400GB of free space.

In the installer, there are multiple ways to install.  You want "Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7".  It should do everything automatically.

And you don't need to separate partitions anymore.  And you don't need to worrk with logical partitions either.  The installer will take care of everything.


Low contrast font color after upgrading 10.04 to 11.04

You probably have the "New Wave" theme. Click the top-left icon, then type "appearance" followed by Enter, and pick a different theme. The contrast should be fine now, and the text on top panel readable.


Resume Uget download started in windows in ubuntu

Michael Tunnell from uGet:

This is an interesting question, I've never considered this option...it might be possible right now but it heavily depends on the kind of download...if downloading from a site like Mediafire then I highly doubt it because those sites use Session Cookies and you could possibly move the files over, the session cookie and add it to the queue via import but I highly doubt it would be successful because of the cookie issue.

If the download is a direct link to a file then it is possible as the session cookie wouldn't be needed.

To be honest, I am not sure - I will have to do some testing to see if this is possible.


In 18.04 go to Settings → Privacy → Usage & History and ensure it is set to On.

Even if it set to On click on the option and make sure that the Recently Used option in Usage & History is also set to ON

Order should then be restored. At the same time, you can also set the Retain History period as required - I think in your case set Foreverand should you need to tidy things up, click on the Clear Recent History button.


The package python-samba installs the missing lib file.  However once I got past that issue, Evolution won't save my account info for my newly created Exchange account.  Curious if you experience the same thing.

EDIT: Had to kill all evolution related processes.  Then two attempts I made at setting up my exchange account showed up as two accounts in Evolution.  Removed one and everything seems to be working fine.


wlan1 interface disappeared from ifconfig

You present a lot of information in a very confusing way, but I think your problem is not severe. You said your interfaces file contained:

auto wlan1:0
iface wlan1:0 inet static
address 192.168.4.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
wireless-mode ad-hoc

Please change it to:

auto wlan1
iface wlan1 inet static
address 192.168.4.1
netmask 255.255.255.0

and reboot.

If it still doesn't work remove ap-hotspot and network-manager because you did install those manually.


Should I avoid Ubuntu 16.04 with AMD Radeon Graphics card?

The best answer depends on how flexible you can be.  If you're a gamer and rely on the AMD card, then perhaps you should hold off.

If you have hybrid graphics (you also have Intel onboard graphics) then you could still run Ubuntu just fine, but again, you're limited in gaming to what the Intel can do.

I for one, have a hybrid graphics laptop which has both an Intel and Radeon 7960XT graphics.  Graphics performance is perfectly fine for every day usage since I don't run games in Linux (I switch to Windows for that).  Browsing the net and other desktop apps run great and smooth.  I actually went ahead and disabled my AMD card and run only the Intel one.

If you really want to know for sure before installing 16.04, you can always download the 16.04 ISO and make it into a boot disk or bootable USB so that you can try it first, and see how it behaves.

I strongly suggest using a bootable USB since you can install software and updates on it which will remain after you reboot.  Do this by making a boot stick using a program called unetbootin.

Download the ISO.

Install unetbootin if you don't have it with sudo apt-get install unetbootin

Run unetbootin and select your ISO.

In the area "Space used to preserve files across reboots" give yourself at least 500MB or more if you can.  On my 32GB stick I opted for 2GB (2000MB).

Select your USB drive from the bottom dropdown menus and click OK.  Then reboot and boot off of the USB stick to test out 16.04.

The space you selected to preserve will be used to download updates and additional programs.  Now when you first login, you can connect to your network and get the latest updates.  Once everything is updated you can try out the OS with your graphics card(s) and even install some games to test out.  Again, use a large USB stick and allocate as much space as you can.


Try ElectronPlayer

Supports Netflix, Youtube, Twitch, Floatplane, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video And More.
This is the successor to Netflix-Desktop

You can install ElectronPlayer from snap.
This is recommended method of installation as automatic updates will occur.

You can install it by typing to the terminal:

sudo apt  update
sudo apt  install snap
sudo snap install electronplayer

Source:
https://github.com/oscartbeaumont/ElectronPlayer


Can't change desktop wallpaper after upgrading to 13.10

From Desktop shows a white or black background instead of wallpapers:

Open terminal by pressing Crl+Alt+t and use

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.background active true


Ubuntu and Live USB won't Boot after power cut 15.04 BTRFS

Figured it out, mostly. It's a bug with BTRFS. Check here: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=195524


It is an outstanding bug. See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ntp/+bug/1604010 for potential work arounds.

The bug report is marked as resolved in "upstream", debian in this case.

https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=793837

but has not been resolved in Ubuntu at the time of this question.


Wapiti outdated version of python-requests

Your python-requests module is too old, wapiti uses python2.7, so please update the requests module with the following command in your terminal (Ctrl+Alt+t):

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python-requests

You can check the module version in python with:

user@ubuntu:~$ python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Dec 18 2014, 19:10:20)
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import requests
>>> requests.__version__
'2.2.1'
>>>


how to create a Backdoor (add a login) to ephemeral images

That is a shell script, and it needs to be run on the machine which holds the images in /var/lib/maas/boot-resources. Just save the whole script in a file like mk-backdoor.sh, add #!/bin/bash as first line, chmod +x mk-backdoor.sh and then execute it, possibly using sudo, like sudo ./mk-backdoor.sh. Be sure to update the values for username and password first.

What the commands are doing

Install bzr without user interaction:

sudo apt-get install --assume-yes bzr

Checks out the backdoor-image code:

bzr branch lp:~maas-maintainers/maas/backdoor-image backdoor-image

Collects the paths of all images in the boot-resources
folder. The * stuff is more or less telling the command
to go a certain number of folders deep, and look for a
file called root-image:

imgs=$(echo /var/lib/maas/boot-resources/*/*/*/*/*/root-image)

This make copies of the images, if they didn't exist yet:

for img in $imgs; do
    [ -f "$img.dist" ] || cp -a --sparse=always $img $img.dist
done

This creates the backdoor user with username "backdoor"
and password="ubuntu" on each image:

for img in $imgs; do
    sudo ./backdoor-image/backdoor-image -v --user=backdoor --password-auth --password=ubuntu $img
done


How to sort files by file extensions through the command line?

This is what you are looking for:

ls -Xl

From the man file:

 -X                         sort alphabetically by entry extension

This is an example of how you could move .txt files into a test forlder:

mv *.txt test/


I'm in Canada and it seems like this adapter only ever works on non-DFS 5Ghz channels even though "iw phy phy0 channels" lists all the 5Ghz channels being available. In my case I have to manually select from 36, 40, 44, 48, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165 for 20Mhz width and the list of available channels shrinks for 40 and 80Mhz. Tested it in Windows 10 and got similar results.


Resolved!!!  Used the following procedure: -

http://forum.zentyal.org/index.php?topic=12925.0

Worked for me.


How can I change EXIM4 config from warn on no reverse DNS to actively rejecting mails with no reverse DNS

This snippet should do it.  If you are denying you may want to do this in the recipient ACL after you accept postmaster and abuse addresses.  Watch which servers you reject, as some legitimate senders (airlines, banks, governments) have broken rDNS on their automated senders.

# Verify reverse DNS lookup of the sender's host.
deny
  message Reverse DNS verification failed
  !verify = reverse_host_lookup
  !hosts = ${if exists{CONFDIR/local_broken_dns_whitelist}\
                      {CONFDIR/local_broken_dns_whitelist} {}}

I find a lot of spambots give up quickly if they don't get a connection banner quickly enough.  Including the following in a connect ACL may help.  Disabling pipelining catches a number of spambots that don't behave well.  If the delay is too long (over 30s) some legitimate servers will also give up.

# Verify reverse DNS lookup of the sender's host.
# Disable piplining and delay on failure.
warn
  !hosts = ${if exists{CONFDIR/local_broken_dns_whitelist}\
                      {CONFDIR/local_broken_dns_whitelist} {}}
  !verify = reverse_host_lookup
  control = no_pipelining
  delay = 10s


1023 is the id of a non-existing user. And not the main/sudo user of your current active operating system (that is almost always 1000).

The 1023 normally gets mapped against /etc/passwd or /etc/group and the system picks the name and group for that id from there. If there is not one the id is shown.

Find out who 1023 is on any of your systems (except Windows, I think that will show "nobody" as user name).


You can follow the instructions as shown above by Avinash Raj, and specifically you can do what they tell you to do on this page.

I quote from that page:

"The greeter is invalid. This is a bug in LightDM and a bug report has already been filed.

The reason why you end up with this failsafe X is because the pantheon-greeter you installed along with the elementary desktop is now not available and LightDM is not able to identify an alternative greeter.

As a workaround, you can edit the LightDM conf file and correct the error.

Run the following command in a terminal:

     sudo nano /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

and change the line

     greeter-session=pantheon-greeter

to

     greeter-session=unity-greeter

and save it.

After changing the file, reboot and you will now be greeted with Unity greeter."

If this workaround does not do the trick for you, my suggestion is to install the following packages in the terminal console (press Ctrl+Alt+F1 and login with your username and password):

     sudo apt-get install mdm

MDM is a very friendly login greeter app with a highly customizable interface. You will be prompted when installing mdm to choose your default display manager, and you can choose mdm instead of lightdm and press ok to finish installing MDM. If, for any reason, you want to revert your display manager back to LighDM, you can do so by running the following code in the terminal console:

     sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

You should also install a decent video driver for your video card from the official support page for Radeon cards. They have drivers for both 32bit and 64bit Linux/ Ubuntu, and you can install them easily with just a few clicks.

You can also install:

    sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

    sudo apt-get install xfce4*

Reboot and when you get to the MDM greeter, you can choose to boot into the xfce session, and not the gnome session or unity. This way you'll be able to get to a graphical desktop session, install your video driver and maybe fix the issues you're having with unity greeter so you be able to login into a Gnome session too.


video problem with Xubuntu/Lubuntu 17.10 and Acer Aspire One

I'm not an expert on ubuntu but I had the same issue.
The following thread solved the issue for me:
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2376624&page=2

This is what I did:

edit /etc/default/grub and add this line in the end of file
GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=text

sudo update-grub

reboot


Ubuntu 16.04 Unity does not load - icons and not displayed

I had the same problem and none of the solutions worked. Until I found this answer which was posted just 5 hours ago.

Delete your .cache folder in your home directory and reboot. It also deletes your settings and locked launch bar icons but that is no big deal.


How to remove/delete Shared item in Rhythmbox - DAAP share

I think I have found the solution.

From Rhythmbox Top Menu:

[ Tools ]

[ Plug-ins ... ]

In the Configure Plug-ins window:

Select:

[x] DAAP Music Sharing

Click:

[ Preferences ]

In the DAAP Music Sharing pop-up:

Click:

[ Forget known remotes ]
[ Close ]

That makes the share disappear.

I closed Rhythmbox - just to make sure that the config was saved.

And restarted.

Finally - after 3 months of annoyance - no more share !!!

[EDIT-UPDATE] Fuller Answer - More Info

While I was trying to sort this out, I had the following running in a terminal window:

avahi-browse -a

When I went to close down my "diagnostic" terminal I saw:

+ wlp2s0 IPv4 Hlaka Mamabolo___s Library     iTunes Audio Access  local
+ wlp2s0 IPv6 Hlaka Mamabolo___s Library     iTunes Audio Access  local

So this turns out to be a guy in my digs, running his Apple on the same Wifi network.

When:

DAAP Music Sharing is enabled
Rhythmbox seems to be auto-discovering local DAAP servers

So:

although the [ Forget known remotes ] removed the share
the auto-discover put it back a few minutes later

So my full solution was to:

[ Forget known remotes ]
and then disable the Plug-in
DAAP Music Sharing

Not an ideal solution for everyone - but seeing as I am not interested in using DAAP anywhere, it solves my own annoying issue.

Perhaps the "diagnosis info" above will be helpful to someone else.


How to parse text messages on Ubuntu Touch

You should have a look at the Qt Mobility API specially the Messaging API might be helpfull. Unfortunately there is no offical core app yet. So you may also contact the mailing list of the Ubuntu Touch Launchpad project. Because even though there is no offical app, you are able to send and receive sms and calls with the Ubuntu Touch Preview on Galaxy Nexus and Nexus 4 (see the Installation Guide).


You can use the dot (.), the ~+ tilde expansion, the pwd command or the $PWD variable to represent the current working directory (CWD). All these commands can do what you want:

mv file_old_dir .
mv file_old_dir ~+
mv file_old_dir $(pwd)
mv file_old_dir $PWD


Crontab for an rsync backup with ssh connection

The problem I had was that the ssh connection
The Host Key verification failed.

I ran the cronjob on the crontab of root.
(I added the cronjob via "sudo crontab -e".)

  14 2 * * * /usr/bin/rsync -az --delete -e ssh /home/user/folder/ user@server.example.com:/home/user/folder

It seems that the ssh connection then is established by the root user and not by the "user".

So the connection attempt is actually:

  ssh root@server.example.com

and not

  ssh user@server.example.com

So I added the cronjob to the crontab of the "user".
(crontab -e (without sudo)).

Now the Host Key Verification works and the crontab rsync job is executed properly.

I don't know exactly if the above assumptions are correct but this solved the problem.

I hope this thread will help someone else at some stage as well.

Greetings, Chris


Can I use a CD instead of a USB for boot-repair

Yes, you can! But I would recommend using USB instead of CD because booting from USB is faster than CD


Videos freeze in fullscreen mode in Chrome and Firefox

I had the same issue, people have found this thread helpful.
However it didn't work for me, so I troubleshooted for a bit, and figured that it must be some clash between the kernel handling my discrete video card(Nvidia GeForce 630m) , which however seems to be fixed by installing and running tlp. Added bonus, more battery life :) :)


How to move all the indicators from bottom panel to top panel in GNOME 3.2.0?

Use the TopIcons Gnome extension:

Go to https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/495/topicons/
Allow the website integration
Flip the switch to "On"
Accept
Immediately, the indicators move to the top bar, and the left-bottom bar disappears


I can't run wttr.ini in Xubuntu 16.04.6, connection time out

The problem is that you have some wrong configuration in your local ~/.curlrc (probably a proxy server). It tries to connect to the proxy server instead of wttr.in, and the server is not reachable (connection timeout).

That's also the reason why it works when you are using sudo:
because your root user does not have this misconfigured .curlrc in its home directory (/root).

Of course, you do not need root rights to use curl.

To check my conjecture, just increase the verbosity level, while doing
the query:

    curl -v wttr.in/?q

You will see that the client is trying to connecting to the proxy server.


What kernel version comes with Ubuntu 10.04.1?

The Linux kernel in Ubuntu 10.04 is currently upstream version 2.6.32.21 with many Ubuntu specific additions. You can find this yourself on a 10.04 machine by reading the /proc/version_signature file, and reading the version string without the "-" in it:

cat /proc/version_signature
Ubuntu 2.6.32-25.45-generic 2.6.32.21+drm33.7


Trying/Installing Ubuntu 14.04 Toshiba Satellite C855

I think its not about UEFI or other kind of booting mechanism. The problem you facing is most probably is that disc burning has not taken place correctly.
The grub menu appears usually when Ubuntu boot loader can't find necessary files to boot.
I would say if you can manage then arrange a pen drive and use Universal USB Installer to make this pendrive bootable with Ubuntu and give it a shot.

Or you can try burning another DVD/CD.


Something missing with Vim - error from vimrc

Looks like the offending line is the last line in the file (line 28):

Plugin 'vim-pandoc/vim-rmarkdown'

I presume you used one of the vim plugin managers to get the plugin installed, and the plugin files are installed where they should be. If not, how did you install it? More importantly, the error message says python required. Do you have Python installed? Try:

apt search --names-only python

Which will show you packages that contain the word "python" in the package name (--names-only), and filter out those that say "installed" only (| grep installed). For example, if I do that on my computer, the output includes:

python2/eoan,now 2.7.17-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
python3/eoan,now 3.7.5-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]

Usually Python comes pre-installed in most Ubuntu installations, so it's good to verify that it is. No need to copy the output here, but check that python 2 and/or python 3 are installed as on mine.


If you want lightdm you just have to install it: sudo apt-get install lightdm. During the install, you'll be asked to select your default display manager. Select lightdm.

If lightdm is already installed, run sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm.


How do I keep track of modifications to a new server?

A couple of suggestions. I do the first for my home computers and another for a server I help out with. All but the first and last numbered item below are related to taking backups or snapshots of where you are at a particular point in time.

Whenever I install a new release I keep notes in the cloud about what I did and what packages I installed (and obviously look at the last set of notes).
The server uses remarkably little disk space so I make more frequent backups when I'm busy making changes. This link has an approach similar to what I use. The basic approach has the advantage that it only uses disk space for changed files in the backups.
A general approach to take. You can, and should, use a revision control system like bazaar or git with directory trees of your own that you are updating. I don't think this would work with /etc or other system directory trees, however.

Some ideas I haven't tried, the first two for taking snapshots of changes from all sources for your system:

The LVM storage approach allows you to take live snapshots of disk storage at appropriate times.
Linux and Ubuntu support some change-on-write file systems that can also be used as a snapshot approach. In particular you can run virtualized servers against image files that support taking snapshots.
On a server you may be able to simplify the installation of services so there is less to remember or note by using Juju and Juju charms to install services.

I assume that you know from your work so far that you can uninstall packages as easily as you can install them with apt-get, and that the purge option of apt-get can be used to remove those packages' configuration files. This askubuntu question contains a way to keep a list of the packages that are installed.


Why does this happen?

Non-system partitions are not mounted on startup. Your system knows the partitions are present (the disk icon is shown) but they are not yet accessible through the filesystem.

Filemanagers automatically mount partitions when you click on them. They get mounted to /media/username/... That's why you see them only after you clicked on them, because nautilus mounted them when you clicked on them.

More information on what mounting is

What can I do to see them immediately?

You can easily set a partition to automount on system startup. One of the ways is using the disks utility. More information on how to set a partition to automount in the GUI


In case anybody needs it still:

I solved this by installing some 32 bit stuff:

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

To solve the other error you could possibly try (it was not necessary for me):

sudo ln -s /path/to/libc.so.6 /lib/libc.so.6

(the path to libc.so.6 can be found via: locate libc.so.6).


Software Updater wants to install two different versions of kernel

This means that you install kernel meta-package manually by

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-vivid

But you still have meta packages for kernel 3.16, that are lts-utopic.

You can remove all 3.16 kernels using Synaptic and meta packages will removed as well.

Alternatively you can remove only meta packages and leave the kernels installed.

sudo apt-get remove linux-image-generic-lts-utopic linux-headers-generic-lts-utopic


Simply fire up a live usb and when you get to the set up screen just choose to delete current Ubuntu version and install your current version.

No need to go wiping out partitions unless you want to change the size of your ubuntu partitions

Hope this helps


Your network configuration specifies an eth0 interface to be configured via DHCP. Thus, the startup scripts will "hang" (not really, they start the process, wait a while and then timeout, but they do stop the rest of the boot process) while the network is brought up to what you specified in this file.

If this is a desktop Ubuntu installation, you can remove the two eth0 lines. The interface will not be managed by the startup scripts, but by NetworkManager which starts later in the boot process and will not hold things up. This means that things should still work correctly when you have the cable plugged in with NetworkManager configuring the interface via DHCP.


Looks like the kernel is just spitting out weird errors, unless your computer has a real usb device that is plugged in internally (such as webcam) which is being ignored, I think it's safe to say that the errors are erroneous.

Update: I found a computer which had the same issues, it was caused by a faulty usb port on the computer and it was confirmed to be the hardware since no matter what software was run on it it caused the same errors. This port caused all sorts of issues since a hp printer was plugged into it which needed firmware and the faulty usb port was corrupting the firmware sent to the printer causing it to start having issues with any machine it was plugged into.

You could report the bug back to the kernel team though: https://bugs.launchpad.net/linux


How do I downgrade from 14.04.4 to 14.04

The /etc/issue file is in the package base-files, you might want to downgrade it as well. However, 14.04 is not supported any more than 14.04.5 so the warning might stay even after this downgrade.


Your wireless chipset is

Intel Corporation Wireless 7260 [8086:08b1] (rev bb)


Install latest ffmpeg for all users in Debina/Ubuntu

You can perform a system installation. This was the previous method used by the Compile FFmpeg on Ubuntu Guide that you refered to, but it was changed to perform a "local" install so it does not interfere with packages from the repository that depend on the old, so-called "ffmpeg" package from the repository (for more on that see Who can tell me the difference and relation between ffmpeg, libav, and avconv?).

You can still perform a system install if you prefer. You can follow the guide as is, but you will have to make some modifications.

0. Remove the conflicting packages

Before you start, and because you want to install to the system, you have the additional step of removing any packages that will conflict with your new ffmpeg.

sudo apt-get remove ffmpeg libav-tools

1. Follow the guide until...

When you get to the ffmpeg configure step you will need to make a few changes:

Omit --prefix="$HOME/ffmpeg_build"
Omit --bindir="$HOME/bin"

Resulting in:

PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$HOME/ffmpeg_build/lib/pkgconfig" ./configure \
--extra-cflags="-I$HOME/ffmpeg_build/include" --extra-ldflags="-L$HOME/ffmpeg_build/lib" \
--extra-libs="-ldl" --enable-gpl --enable-libass --enable-libfdk-aac \
--enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis \
--enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-nonfree --enable-x11grab

Now run make as shown in the guide.

2. checkinstall

Instead of issuing make install for ffmpeg to install locally, you will use checkinstall to install to the system. checkinstall will keep track of the installed files so you can easily remove them later with your package management system.

sudo checkinstall --pkgname=ffmpeg --pkgversion="10:$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M)-git" --backup=no \
--deldoc=yes --fstrans=no --default
hash -r

3. Done

Now you can use your system-wide ffmpeg. Note that it now says FFmpeg developers. If it mentions libav then something went wrong and you're using the version from the repository.

$ ffmpeg
ffmpeg version N-54152-g730e07f Copyright (c) 2000-2013 the FFmpeg developers

4. Undo

If you want to uninstall simply run:

sudo apt-get remove ffmpeg

Using $PATH

Alternatively you could install ffmpeg anywhere you want (including being lazy and using an already compiled ffmpeg binary) and modify the $PATH for any or all users, but that's beyond this answer. See How to add a directory to my path? for more info.


Playonlinux error - an error occured during the download

I resolved the issue by downloading the file from microsoft.com and placing it into ~/.PlayOnLinux/ressources/ folder

wget http://xpsp.dlservice.microsoft.com/download/d/3/0/d30e32d8-418a-469d-b600-f32ce3edf42d/WindowsXP-KB936929-SP3-x86-ENU.exe
mv WindowsXP-KB936929-SP3-x86-ENU.exe ~/.PlayOnLinux/ressources/

Note: The folder is named ressources with two "S", it is not a typo error.


In terminal i just fire this command and it worked, try this

sudo canonical-livepatch refresh

In Detail you can read here

Canonical Livepatch informs about internal error - what to do?
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2420465


Logitech Mouse MX Vertical Ubuntu 18 software

Have you looked at Solaar? https://github.com/pwr-Solaar/Solaar
Its a package to configure and customize logitech periferals such as mouse and keyboard. The MX Vertical isn't on the list of supported devices but it is only a partial list and it is in fact supported.


How to add command-line arguments support to a Quickly 12.08.1 application?

Quickly 12.08.1 did not "wipe" commandline arguments from your program. It just moved them from bin/project_name to project_name/__init__.py. There you will find the parse_options function, which you can edit to your liking.

Second question: I can not speak for the quickly developers, but my guess would be that it is easier to upgrade a project, if you move code that has to change in every project away from code which will probably not change.

Third point (although you did not ask...): Quickly is just a tool to help you coding. If you would like to change code inside a DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE block, just go ahead and edit it! Nothing horrible will happen. There is no magic involved, just make sure to check (with bzr diff or similar) what part of your code has changed before you commit your project.


Can I install ubuntu to a hard drive via sd card?

Yes you can. Go to the download link for ubuntu and download the ISO. If you are on windows, use Win32 Disk Imager to write the ISO to the SD card. If you are on Mac, use Etcher. When it is finished writing to the card put it in the computer you are installing to and open the boot menu when you turn it on (probably Esc, F2, F10 or F12) and select the SD card and hit enter. That should start Ubuntu booting and you can install from there.


Cannot Boot into Ubuntu after updating Nvidia Proprietary Drivers to 455

After trying the LiveUSB Ubuntu installation, it somehow made my regular installation boot with the same graphical errors that not booting with "safe mode" enabled had when running from LiveUSB. So, adding nomodeset to the regular boot script in GRUB let me boot into my PC!
And low and behold, starting up "software and updates" presented me with the partial upgrade again, revealing that all Nvidia 450 libraries were upgraded to 455 except for libnvidia-fbc1-###, which is probably why everything was messed up. No idea why the upgrade didn't perform correctly the first time or how to avoid it, but at least this wasn't as bad as some Windows issues.


I have AMD gpu, should I move to Ubuntu?

First of all, the article linked to is fairly old in Linux terms and AMD regards.

Ubuntu works very well with AMD hardware, but your use should determine which Ubuntu version you need.

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Long Term Support) is primarily for you if you are going to use professional software such as CAD, OpenCL and similar software. AMD provides their own closes-source proprietary graphics driver on their website http://support.amd.com/en-us/kb-articles/Pages/AMDGPU-PRO-Driver-for-Linux-Release-Notes.aspx

However, if you don't know what any of this is, you might as well go with 17.04, since it has a newer kernel and therefore better hardware support - again, however, AMD's own closed source driver doesn't support this newer kernel, so you won't be able to install it on Ubuntu 17.04

Instead, you will be using the Open Source radeonsi driver part of a project called MESA. radeonsi is actually developed by AMD developers, and this is the driver you will be getting the best overall experience with.

The Open Source driver radeonsi is the AMD driver with the best gaming support on Linux and also has no screen tearing. This is the recommended driver for most users.

The only downside of the radeonsi driver, is that it is packaged alongside every major Ubuntu release (every six months). Therefore, you will not be getting the latest enhancements right away.

However, to that, there is a solution. If you want the latest drivers automatically, you can add something called a repository. There is a repository that will automatically update your open source radeonsi driver everytime a new update arrives.

You can do that by opening a terminal ctrl+alt+t (after installing Ubuntu), and enter:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:paulo-miguel-dias/pkppa

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kisak/kisak-mesa

press yes to add it and then:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Lastly, reboot your computer and you will have the latest stable graphics driver installed.

There is only one caveat with adding this repository, which might be that you need to remove it before upgrading Ubuntu to let's say Ubuntu 17.10 when that arrives.

You can remove the repository by writing this in the terminal:

sudo apt install ppa-purge

    sudo ppa-purge ppa:paulo-miguel-dias/pkppa

sudo ppa-purge ppa:ppa:kisak/kisak-mesa
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

s
When the new Ubuntu has been installed, simply add the repository again to automatically get the newest updates again. BTW, this repository also works on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

*radeonsi is also referred to as AMDGPU

** The closed source driver is referred to as AMDGPU-PRO

You can download Ubuntu and try it out on your computer without installing it. You only need a USB Dongle and put a Ubuntu Live-Preview on it.

You can get this here:
https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop


I just fixed the same issue a few minutes ago, my problem was that I had some issues with AMD drivers.

I fixed it with this: Ubuntu gets stuck in a login loop

Specifically chown username:username .Xauthority


cURL Received HTTP/0.9 when not allowed, but nghttp2 is installed

It would be great to see exactly your complete curl request.
HTTP/0.9 is from 1991, previous to the basic HTTP/1.0 so I think that the problem is the response from the Server.
Please try:

Your curl command with --verbose parameter so it outputs all the information.

Try the same url you attempt with curl with wget and what are the contents of the file saved. Do if from inside a new empty folder.

telnet to that port and type:
GET / HTTP/1.0

Where  is just pressing the Enter key.
And see the output. Maybe you are trying to open the wrong port.

Some times the problem is in the certificate.
Try with the parameters:
--ssl
--sslv2
--sslv3

You can also enforce:
--http1.1
--http2

Also your organization or ISP may be using a transparent proxy which is catching the request or that is using a SSL certificate causing problems.
Cheers


To check the LVM it is done with the following steps.
First we can see our drive layout with lsblk:
# lsblk
NAME                 MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
sda                    8:0    0    20G  0 disk
└─sda1                 8:1    0    20G  0 part
  └─xubuntu--vg-root 253:0    0    19G  0 lvm   /
sr0                   11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

as we can see the LVM is named xubuntu--vg-root, but we cannot run fsck on this name as it will not find it.  We need to get the whole name.  To do this we are going to run the lvm lvscan command to get the LV name so we can run fsck on the LVM.
The following commands should be ran as sudo or as a root user.
# lvscan
  inactive          '/dev/xubuntu-vg/root' [<19.04 GiB] inherit
  inactive          '/dev/xubuntu-vg/swap_1' [980.00 MiB] inherit

As we can see our name to check is /dev/xubuntu-vg/root so we should be able to run fsck on that name
If the /dev/xubuntu-vg/root is not ACTIVE, we need to make it active so that we can run the check on it
lvchange -ay /dev/xubuntu-vg/root

Now it should look like this:
# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/xubuntu-vg/root' [<19.04 GiB] inherit
  inactive          '/dev/xubuntu-vg/swap_1' [980.00 MiB] inherit

Now we can run the fsck on the LVM volume.
fsck /dev/xubuntu-vg/root

or to run a forced check with assume yes
fsck -fy /dev/xubuntu-vg/root

Adding a screen shot since VirtualBox will not let me copy and paste.

Hope this helps!


Video Download problem for download manager in 9.10

You could try an extension that is in Firefox. It's called Downloadhelper it downloads videos for all of those websites and more.


How to change the Ubuntu 18.04 default greeter?

There is a nice little blog on doing this: Ubuntu 18.04 – Bring back Lightdm login manager. Here are the steps summarized from the blog:

To install use: sudo apt-get -y install slick-greeter
Verify setup using: lightdm --show-config
Edit the file /etc/lightdm/slick-greeter.conf to setup login screen wallpaper
To revert back to GDM3 login manager use sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm


If you couldn't rename the root.disk it probably means there was some corruption. Which seems to have been confirmed after you couldn't rename the new.disk either until running chkdsk. By deleting the root.disk initially you haven't done yourself any favours, but hopefully the resize successfully completed before the corruption occurred.

If you've renamed the new.disk to root.disk and it isn't working, you may have better luck trying to recover the old root.disk. Maybe run the bootinfoscript first to see what shape the new disk is in. Or try to open it with ext2read from Windows.

You can see whether chkdsk recovered the root.disk (even though you deleted it, the file still exists and windows may still have recovered). So have a look for it as described here. In short, look for the hidden \found.??? directories, and check for a file named file0000.chk that's about the same size as your old root.disk:

C:\>dir /a:h
C:\>cd \found.000
C:\found.000>dir
 Volume in drive C is OS
 Volume Serial Number is B4B7-99A8

 Directory of C:\found.000

19/07/2011  02:02 PM    15,000,000,000 file0000.chk
               1 File(s) 15,000,000,000 bytes
               0 Dir(s)  222,258,069,504 bytes free

C:\found.000>move file0000.chk \ubuntu\disks\root.disk
        1 file(s) moved.

NOTE: you have to run those commands from CMD.EXE that you selected "Run as administrator".


Make sure you installed Ubuntu on your main file disk. Otherwise that may cause some problems.

Try playing around with your power settings in Ubuntu. In my case with Lubuntu I would go to Menu > Preferences > Power Manager but you may have something different.

If that doesn't work, your computer may not be able to go into suspend/standby mode. Have you tried doing a temporary installation of Windows and trying to enter standby mode from there? Try doing this, and if the same kind of thing happens with Windows that happened with Ubuntu, your computer is phsyically not able to enter suspend/standby mode.


This could be a hardware problem.

It could be:

1) A loose RAM. Make sure your RAM cards are pressed tight till it clicks is securely.

2) It could be your SMPS has become faulty.

3) It could be your CPU fans have stopped working so the PC is overheating thus switching off randomly & on its own. If the insides of the PC is caked with dust it could overheat. So please open it & check & clean if needed.

4) The UPS (if there is one) could be at fault.


Like stated above sudo su elevates your privileges and you are basically running the command as root. Just using sudo without the su will do the same. You can also try running your command as such:

pip3 install --user numpy

This will install the package to your account and not into the system python environment. I would highly recommend that you read up on virtual environments for installing any additional packages/modules since installing them into your system python environment can muck things up.


ubuntu isc-dhcp-server expected ip address or hostname

The should not be a colon after fixed-address.

This:

host temple {
hardware ethernet BC:5F:F4:A2:29:96;
fixed-address: 10.1.1.12;
}

Should be this:

host temple {
hardware ethernet BC:5F:F4:A2:29:96;
fixed-address 10.1.1.12;
}

Edit, based on the bigger context of the entire dhcpd.conf file:

Do not allocate your fixed address from the dynamic address reserved pool. Move the options to be global, so as to include the fixed addresses. I am suggesting this:

ddns-update-style none;

option routers 10.1.1.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 10.1.1.254;
option domain-name "home.lan";
option domain-name-servers 10.1.1.2, 8.8.8.8;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
authoritative;
log-facility local7;

subnet 10.1.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 10.1.1.13 10.1.1.253;
}

host temple {
hardware ethernet BC:5F:F4:A2:29:96;
fixed-address 10.1.1.12;
}


Boot to the live DVD/USB you made when you installed Ubuntu, or make a new one.

When it asks choose try Ubuntu

Then open a terminal from the desktop (ctrl+alt+T)

and run these commands one at a time

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo sed 's/trusty/saucy/g' -i /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yannubuntu-boot-repair-trusty.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (boot-repair &)

Now open the dash (ubuntu icon top left) and find boot repair

Run this and choose recommended repair, follow all instructions it gives you.

This will fix any Grub errors and re install it.

Reboot

Here is the documentation on boot-repair

NOTE if it asks install Grub to dev/sda


How can I install pflogsumm for Postfix mail log analyzer?

to install pflogsumm  in your Ubuntu,  open your terminal with CTRL+ALT+T and type as

sudo apt-get install pflogsumm

Configuration:

We want pflogsumm to be run by a cron job each day and send the report to postmaster@example.com. Therefore we must configure our system that it writes one mail log file for 24 hours, and afterwards starts the next mail log so that we can feed the old mail log to pflogsumm. Therefore we configure logrotate (that's the program that rotates our system's log files) like this: open /etc/logrotate.conf and append the following stanza to it, after the line # system-specific logs may be configured here:

in terminal do as

sudo -i

nano /etc/logrotate.conf

then

/var/log/mail.log {
    missingok
    daily
    rotate 7
    create
    compress
    start 0
}

There's a logrotate script in /etc/cron.daily. This script is called everyday between 06:00h and 07:00h. With the configuration we just made, it will copy the current Postfix log /var/log/mail.log to /var/log/mail.log.0 and compress it, and the compressed file will be /var/log/mail.log.0.gz. It will also create a new, empty /var/log/mail.log to which Postfix can log for the next 24 hours.

Now we create the script /usr/local/sbin/postfix_report.sh which invokes pflogsumm and makes it send the report to postmaster@example.com:

nano /usr/local/sbin/postfix_report.sh

script as

#!/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
gunzip /var/log/mail.log.0.gz

pflogsumm /var/log/mail.log.0 | formail -c -I"Subject: Mail Statistics" -I"From: pflogsumm@localhost" -I"To: postmaster@example.com" -I"Received: from www.example.com ([192.168.0.100])" | sendmail postmaster@example.com

gzip /var/log/mail.log.0
exit 0

We must make this script executable:

chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/postfix_report.sh

Then we create a cron job which calls the script everyday at 07:00h:

crontab -e

then

 0 7 * * * /usr/local/sbin/postfix_report.sh &> /dev/null

This will send the report to postmaster@example.com. It looks like this in an email client:

For more information & must read : click here


Wikipedia to the rescue...

  "The Pentium II brand refers to Intel's sixth-generation microarchitecture ("P6")..."

  — source

The P6 microarchitecture is sometimes referred to as i686. The Linux kernel and Ubuntu userspace are compiled against the i686 architecture, so in that respect, your CPU is compatible.

However, you have a different problem.

The minimum recommended system requirements for Ubuntu Desktop require a 700 MHz or faster CPU. The fastest clock speed for a CPU in the Pentium II series (the Pentium II 450) is 450 MHz. Therefore, you would need to use another variant (such as Ubuntu server) that has lower requirements or use another distro.


phpmyadmin uninstalled, but account user still remain

Uninsalling phpadmin will not remove accounts from the mysql database.  You can do that manually, but you would have to have root access.

You can recover root access with these steps.

From the terminal stop the mysql service, then load it without grant tables.  In the steps bellow the text after the $ sign is the commands you input.  The text in the parenthesis are explanations and comments.

(Stop the database)

$ sudo systemctl stop mysql

(Start Mysql without loading the grant tables)

$ sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

(Now log into mysql as root with no password)

$ sudo mysql --user=root mysql

(Set the root's password with:)

mysql> update user set authentication_string=PASSWORD('new-password') where user='root';
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql> quit;

(Kill the safe-mode server the "$" is the prompt.  Hit the "%" and press ENTER)

$ %

Cntrl+c

(Now restart the database and you're all set)

$ sudo systemctl start mysql

Review this answer for details:mysql don't ask for root password when installing


Rhythmbox not playing and finding music, Ubuntu 15.04

This may sound weird, but it worked for me.

I moved all of my music files to a temp folder and moved back to Music folder, now Rhythmbox is able to add all files into its library.


Add the scripts to your crontab using crontab -e:

@reboot /path/to/overclock.sh; /path/to/start_program.sh

If you want to add it to the root crontab (sudo crontab -e), additionally you need to set a user, e. g. root:

@reboot root /path/to/overclock.sh; /path/to/start_program.sh

Read more with man 5 crontab.


There is no two finger scroll option in my "Mouse and Touchpad" settings

Don't waste too much time waiting for GUI configurators to catch up to the hardware.  Learn to set configs in text files or interactively in terminal. Here's how.

If synclient returns the properties not found message, it means your system is using libinput, not synaptics, as the driver. Check your /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d, if nothing is in there, I'd expect an Ubuntu system to use synaptics, so I'm surprised you get no return from "synclient -l" or shch.  But on Fedora, the default would be to use libinput, so maybe your config is surfing a new wave.

If you are running the libinput driver, you can see by running

xinput list-props 15

where 15 is the name of your touchpad device.  If you get output like this, as I do when using libinput, then you will know where you are.

Device "HID 413c:3010':
    Device Enabled (139):   1
    Coordinate Transformation Matrix (141): 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000
    libinput Accel Speed (276):     0.000000
    libinput Accel Speed Default (277):     0.000000
    libinput Accel Profiles Available (278):        1, 1
    libinput Accel Profile Enabled (279):   1, 0
    libinput Accel Profile Enabled Default (280):   1, 0
    libinput Natural Scrolling Enabled (273):       0
    libinput Natural Scrolling Enabled Default (274):       0
    libinput Send Events Modes Available (257):     1, 0
    libinput Send Events Mode Enabled (258):        0, 0
    libinput Send Events Mode Enabled Default (259):        0, 0
    libinput Left Handed Enabled (281):     0
    libinput Left Handed Enabled Default (282):     0
    libinput Scroll Methods Available (283):        0, 0, 1
    libinput Scroll Method Enabled (284):   0, 0, 0
    libinput Scroll Method Enabled Default (285):   0, 0, 0
    libinput Button Scrolling Button (286): 2
    libinput Button Scrolling Button Default (287): 274
    libinput Middle Emulation Enabled (288):        0
    libinput Middle Emulation Enabled Default (289):        0
    Device Node (260):      "/dev/input/event10"
    Device Product ID (261):        16700, 12304
    libinput Drag Lock Buttons (275):       <no items>
    libinput Horizonal Scroll Enabled (262):

You might consider trying to make libinput work, but if you don't want to, here's what to do to use synaptics instead.

To make the system use synaptics drivers, copy this file

/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf

Into /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d.  Rename that, changing 50 to 90 so it loads later in the sequence. If you do have a libinput config file in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d, move it somewhere else.

In that syaptics config file, do some editing. Leave the first 2 stanzas the same.  In the last one, you can put your settings. Here's what I use these days if I use synaptics:

Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "Default clickpad buttons"
    MatchDriver "synaptics"
    Option "SoftButtonAreas" "50% 0 66% 0 0 0 0 0"
    Option "TapButton2" "2"
    Option "TapButton3" "3"
    Option "CoastingFriction" "5"
    Option "CoastingSpeed" "8"
    Option "AccelFactor" "0.1"
    Option "PalmDetect" "1"
    Option "PalmMinWidth" "4"
    Option "PalmMinZ" "30"
    Option "VertEdgeScroll" "1"
    Option "FingerHigh" "35"
    Option "FingerLow" "20"
EndSection

If you don't know what settings you want, you can test in the command line. Find ones you like, then put in file.  LIke this

synclient -l

lists all settings, then test some like

synclient VertEdgeScroll=0 FingerHigh=30

When you do that, the cursor will respond differently right away. Of course, when you change settings in xorg.conf.d, you need to log out and log in again.

Now, since you are (probably) using libinput, you might stop where you are and instead consider learning to configure libinput.  It is the new thing, the way things will be (probably), and the way things are in Fedora now.  It is a much less configurable device, but it is trying to get right the basic fundamentals and then forget the rest.

libinput is mostly usable the way it is, but it does not have tap to click enabled.  You go through the same process you did before, copying a file from /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d, except this time get the one for libinput. That needs almost no changes, except to insert this one line in the very last stanza.

 Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "MyTouchpad"
    MatchIsTouchpad "on"
    Driver "libinput"
    Option "Tapping" "on
 EndSection

If you do that, then I think you will get two finger drag and some other basics.

The libinput driver is not so full of features, it is trying to get the basics correct, hopefully we won't think we need all those features.  However, on many devices (you'll see people yelling about this everywhere), the automatic, simple feature settings are not working exactly right. On my Dell Precision 5510, most things work fine, but the automatic palm detection by "exclusion zones" is iffy for me. most of the rest is fine.

Reading

Why libinput has fewer settings:

http://who-t.blogspot.com/2016/04/why-libinput-doesnt-have-lot-of-config.html

The theoretical document which explains why the exclusion zones should fix the palm problem once and for all

https://wayland.freedesktop.org/libinput/doc/latest/palm_detection.html

(even though it does not do it yet with some kernels on some computers at the moment)


Open ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs and find XDG_TEMPLATE_DIR. Make sure that it looks like this:

XDG_TEMPLATE_DIR=$HOME/Templates

If not, change the value so that it looks like that.


In keyboard > Shortcuts; How can I set the Left Alt button to no longer grab windows on mouse click?

You can change this behaviour by setting the mouse-button-modifier property in the dconf database, open a terminal and type:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences mouse-button-modifier "<Super>"

To restore the initial settings, use this command instead:

gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences mouse-button-modifier


Permissions issue with symlinks over samba

From a comment on the previous answer from user charlesbridge (and from the smb.conf docs/manpages), accessing links outside of the share root requires enabling the wide links parameter, which requires both follow symlinks = yes and unix extensions = no. You must ensure your smb.conf has the following settings (explicitly or implicitly):

follow symlinks = yes
wide links = yes
unix extensions = no


The problem you are having is due to the fact that the percentage of inode used for /(/dev/sda4) is at 100%. When you create a file, an inode is generated for that file to keep the metadata. So, no matter how big or small the file is one file will result in one associated inode.

By the size of the actual disk space free i am guessing that you may have many small files of minimum disk space (4K for ext FS). So the solution would be to remove the unnecessary files to free up inodes and then you are good to go.


Could not update ICEauthority file /home/me/.ICEauthority

Yes, there is a problem in Gnome, here is the solution, instead of uninstall and re install ubuntu, at least you can save your data backup

sudo apt-get install lxde

Installed  after that do Ctrl-Alt-F7 to get back to the login screen,

now select lxde in the drop down menu, entered my password, you can able to now login to an LXDE session


You've not been clear on what has gone. But you should remember that if you boot from a live cd, you will be able to mount the hard drive and save your data to another place such as a USB disk. Depending on what kind of data is saved ono the machine, it may prove simpler for you to back up your data using the livecd, reinstall, then copy your data back.

Your description sounds more like a crashed X server than the command line - [CTRL][ALT][F1] will take you to the first terminal / command line, and you can debug from there.

If you remember what it was you changed software wise, you may try typing

sudo apt-get remove [packageyouadded]

for a package you installed and think broke something, or

sudo apt-get install [packageyoudeleted]

to reinstall something that is missing.

EDIT: As Andrejs points out, you can also ask your system to have a go at fixing any dependencies that are broken:

sudo apt-get install -f

without any package name. This will check for missing / broken programs that are stopping an installed program from running.


You can do it with gnome panel.

If it is not already installed run:
sudo apt-get install gnome-panel

Then create the shortcut with:
gnome-desktop-item-edit ~/Desktop/ --create-new

In the creation window choose the type and location of the target and then click OK.


filesystem with invalid superblock checksum error on ubuntu 18.04 boot

I had the same issue. That problem came from Ex2fsd versions below than v0.68 which installed on Windows. Upgrade the Extfsd and run following command on initframe terminal. fsck.ext4 -p -b 884736 -B 4096 /dev/sda8 and reboot. That worked for me.


How to get nicer error-messages in this bash-script?

For the former:

# run sed, capture any output
var1="$(sed -i "/connection.username/c connection.username=$name" $search)"

For the latter:

# run sed, discard all output but keep exit status
sed -i "/connection.username/c connection.username=$name" $search >/dev/null 2>&1

That said, valid() is... strange, to say the least.  I would write it as

# valid label [status]
# check status ($? if not provided) and log success/failure
function valid {
  if [[ ${2-$?} == 0 ]]; then
    echo "$1 : status : OK"
  else
    echo "$1 : status : ERROR"
  fi
}

Actually, I would do it a bit differently from the start:

# log label command [arguments...]
# run command, output success/failure to stderr.  If label is empty, use the
# command name:  'log "" echo hi' uses 'echo' as the label.
# log entries look like
#    label1 : status : OK
#    label2 : status : ERROR
#    Error output from foo:
#      Baz is broken; fix and try again.
log() {
  # save off label
  local label="${1:-$2}"
  shift # this removes $1 and shifts $2... to $1... so "$@" works later
  # run command, capture output
  # $(command) runs 'command' and substitutes its output
  # "$@" preserves quoting; $* would turn argument "foo bar" into two
  # arguments foo bar
  err="$("$@")"
  if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
    status=OK
  else
    status=ERROR
  fi
  echo "$label : status : $status" >&2 # standard error
  if [[ $status == ERROR ]]; then
    # log output from command, indented for clarity
    echo "Error output from $2:"
    echo "$err" | sed 's/^/  /' >&2
  fi
}

save() {
  # this sed command is pedantically correct; if GNU sed lets you
  # do single-line 'c' commands as in the original, then go for it.
  # The backslash-return after the label argument is just for clarity;
  # 'log "foo" bar' works just as well.
  log "adding database ip" \
    sed -i "/:@/c\\
connection.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@$ip:1521:$dataBase\\
." "$search"
  # using the original (GNU?) sed syntax
  log "adding database SID" \
    sed -i "/connection.username/c connection.username=$name" "$search"
}

save

I would also include a timestamp and program ID, etc. in a real program.

You should probably explore the Advanced Bash Scripting Guide to learn more about writing shell scripts.  The UNIX Programming Environment's shell programming chapters don't cover bash extensions to the original Bourne shell, but are still useful for learning the "zen" of shell scripting.


Added packages missing in the modified Ubuntu with Cubic

My problem was fixed the second time I tried. Dumb mistake I possibly made:

Not installing the packages correctly in the chroot step. E.g.: if you use APT, you can confirm that the package you installed is actually in the list of installed packages using apt list | grep <package-name>.

One other really silly mistake is using the main ISO instead of the customized one! So make sure you're using the generated ISO by the Cubic and not the main one.


How do I fix LXQt Appearance Configuration?

Probably a bug in ~/.config/lxqt/lxqt.conf due to LXQt Appearance changing immediately after selecting an option.
Just restore the file, considering someone has a good one.


Ubuntu 16.04 hides cursor when using graphics tablet

I've finally figured it out. The problem was that my mouse was connected via PS/2 port and my tablet was connected via USB. I've connected my mouse via USB and cursor disappeared permanently. But after system restart everything works perfectly fine. I can control my pointer using both mouse and tablet and nothing disappears anymore. Looks like Xorg can't handle input from PS/2 and USB at the same time.

But Ubuntu 15.10 had no problem with it. Machine with 15.10 on which I've done testing before is a laptop with touchpad connected internally via PS/2 and I was using exactly the same USB tablet. There were no problems on that machine.


Location of Intellij Idea 2017.1 on ubuntu 16.04

I installed via "Ubuntu Software"

my location is /snap/intellij-idea-ultimate/current/bin

to locate bin folder I have used:

(needed to increase RAM)
"Files" [CTRL + F] "idea"
found that: /snap/..., Home/..., /var/snap..., /run/user... and more


WINE - Cannot install adobe flash player (file not found)

I managed to install it successfully using Wine Staging 2.12, 32-bit and Windows 7 as configuration. First I installed Firefox and then in the same virtual drive I installed the latest Adobe Flash for Firefox


How to make a bootable ISO file from a LiveOS USB?

The code given by Knud Larsen was useful to create a bootable DVD:

mkisofs -o [path-to]/new.iso -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -J -R -V disks ./

I could boot into a menu, but I couldn't get the multi OS aspects to work, no matter how much I played around with isolinux/syslinux. In the end, MultiCD was the best solution, works well, easy to use.


I've more than 60% of free RAM but i can't run a simple php file

PHP has a setting that limits how much memory a single script can use.  It doesn't matter how much total RAM your system has if you exceed that value.

If you're running at the console, the file that affects it is likely /etc/php5/cli/php.ini and has a line that reads:

memory_limit = XXXXXXX

To remove the limit entirely, change it to read:

memory_limit = -1

However, as others have commented, your script is already trying to use over 4 GB of RAM.  Maybe you should rethink what you're doing or look for bugs in the code that would cause that like some sort of an endless loop.  Most PHP scripts, even CLI scripts, should be using less than 256 MB, for even the hardest tasks.  PHP is not designed for loading in a 2 GB file into memory and working on it in variables, or dumping entire databases into arrays.  Many programmers I've worked with make those kind of mistakes.  Instead put that storage to where it works best - leave it in the DB and work on it line by line, or leave it on the filesystem and do the same.

And if this is a web script and not something you're running at the CLI, you probably don't want to mess with the memory_limit setting, at least not in the neighborhood of 4 GB or more.  That's a bad idea for a web server that serves multiple clients.


Shell Script to install software & configure network

I've done this about a week ago, because my SSD died and I had to use a LiveCD and I didn't want to repeat steps:

The variables I used should be explanatory:

ifconfig eth0 $address netmask $netmask
ip route add default via $gateway
echo "nameserver $dns_server" > /etc/resolv.conf

This assumes that the script will be run as root. If not, you need to prepend sudo to the first two commands and replace > in the third command with | sudo tee. Note that these command circumvent Network Manager but it works for me. YMMV

To install programs, you can use apt:

apt-get install vlc apache2 mysql-server php5 [other packages here]

The next is retrieved from my code on installing software on my LiveCD (root permissions will be asked through sudo):

try_install_yes_to_all=false
try_install () {
    # Usage: try_install 'apt_options' package1 package2 ... packageN
    # You'll be prompted whether you want to install a (set of) package(s) or not
    # Y=Yes, N=No, A=All (do not ask in future)
    local opts="$1"
    shift
    if [ $(dpkg -l "$@" 2>/dev/null | grep '^ii' | wc -l) != $# ]; then
        while true; do
            $try_install_yes_to_all || printf 'install %s ? [Y/N/A] ' "$*"
            $try_install_yes_to_all && yn=Y || read yn
            case "$yn" in
                [YyAa])
                    [[ $yn == [Aa] ]] && try_install_yes_to_all=true
                    sudo apt-get install -y $opts "$@"
                    break
                    ;;
                [Nn])
                    break
                    ;;
            esac
        done
    fi
}
# install language packs
try_install '' language-pack-kde-nl language-support-nl
# install Firefox without "Recommended:" packages (like firefox-globalmenu)
try_install '--no-install-recommends' firefox

Because certain packages requires a re-login (language packages), I edited the boot options by adding the next line to the kernel options:

init=/bin/bash

This will load a shell instead of doing a normal boot. Withing that shell, you might need to run modprobe usb-storage if your USB stick with the script was not inserted in the system.

Next, mount your partition with the script on it and run it:

mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt
/mnt/script-to-run

Note that you cannot use Ctrl + C or file descriptors. If you need to terminate all programs including the script, issue the Alt + SysRq + E shortcut. If the script is still running, force killing all processes with:  Alt + SysRq + i.

When the script has completed, unmount the partition:

umount /mnt

To continue normal booting, run:

exec init


Sound does not work on a Lenovo Ideapad 310

After some more extensive reading I found a post indicating that upgrading the kernel in Ubuntu 14.04 worked.

Did the same with Ubuntu 18.04.1LTS, from 4.15.0-29.31 to 4.17.0 and the sound was properly installed and working well.


Connecting to a secure webdav server through https

Make sure the URI you connect to is like this:

For SSL (https):

davs://[username@]servername.tld/folder

If not encrypted (http):

dav://[username@]servername.tld/folder

AFAIK, most webdav servers can only access known folders, they don't support browsing from the root up. Also, the webdav user may be a different one than your current user.

If you don't mind having some xfce dependencies on board, the gigolo package will give you a bookmark editor for such links.


Hold 'Shift' at startup of your computer. It should bring you to the grub menu. If you want to permanently change it, go into Ubuntu and go to terminal, type in:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Go to the line where it says:

GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true

And change the number 0 to 10 or what you prefer (this is the time it stays on the grub menu and when time's up it automatically boots into the selected option, but i do recommend 10 though). Change true to false and then save the file and quit it. After editing the file, type in the terminal:

sudo update-grub

And restart to see if it worked. Please say if it didn't work!


Nvidia 840M driver installation Acer E5-571

Okay I have finally found a solution for the problem!

Thanks to these threads:

http://www.bleepingcomputer.com/forums/t/549534/nvidia-drivers-how-to-install-it-in-ubuntu-14041204/
http://www.reddit.com/r/linux_gaming/comments/2gk0dh/problem_with_installing_nvidia_drivers_on_840m/

The solution is:

When the computer has booted up and you see the black screen press ctrl+alt+F1  and log in with your user account.

Edit your xorg.conf with sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Find the line that says: Section "Screen"

Insert a new line that says UseDisplayDevice "DFP"

Save with ctrl+o+Enter and
exit with ctrl+x

Next install bumblebee with sudo apt-get install bumblebee.

Then reboot sudo reboot


Is this type of clash common? cream / compiz, or is it a bug?

I've just tried gvim under the same conditions.  It behaved properly.

Even if cream was behaving normally a month ago, it isn't now.
... because they both use the same version of gvim, the issue is unique to cream.

Well, whatever is causing this, be it cream or something else, the net result is a "bug".

I'll uninstall cream and use gvim... Problem solved!


Preventing DNS Leak using OpenVPN for Ubuntu 17.10

If you have a DNS leak with 17.x or 18.04 as indicated by checking on
www.browserleaks.com or dnsleaktest.com, For 16.04 LTS, see the link below.

Shut off your VPN connection
Attempt to undo any .conf file edits you've wasted time already making.  If you've been trying a lot of various suggestions, your best good chance might be to do a fresh install and ensure you've also installed networkmanager-openvpn-gnome as Ubuntu does not have VPN config importing provided by default.
Install dnsmasq

sudo apt update
 sudo apt install dnsmasq
Disable resolved

systemctl disable systemd-resolved.service
 systemctl stop systemd-resolved.service
Remove /etc/resolv.conf and create a new one:

rm /etc/resolv.conf
 nano /etc/resolv.conf
Enter into your empty .conf file:

nameserver 127.0.0.1         that's all!
save and exit out of your new resolv.conf file.
Edit your NetworkManager.conf file

nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

and add the following:

`dns=dnsmasq`

beneath the lines, [main] and plugins=ifupdown, keyfile

this is what your edited file should look like

[main]
plugins=ifupdown, keyfile
dns=dnsmasq

save and exit.

9.Back out of the terminal, and reboot the system and check your dnsleak test site for results.

With thanks to Anonymous VPN whose solutions for Leaks on Ubuntu/Network Manager seem well researched and successful.  THEY WORK and when no other solutions worked for me, these did.  The above shown solution works for Ubuntu 17.x and 18.04 LTS.  For 16.04 LTS, [see his other solution]5


I/O error while booting live usb - UPDATE

I figured it out, this was caused by a malfunctioning USB floppy drive i was using. I dunno why it was doing this but unplugging it fixed the issue.


Gnome keeps asking to install extension on login

A great way to start troubleshooting something like this is to search your home folder for text files that might refer to this extension:

something like

grep -rnwH '~/' -e 'blank'

And then you will be able to figure out what's looking for that extention.

More info on searching for text in files here: How do I find all files containing specific text on Linux?

If you can't find a script in your home folder, look for a culparte in /etc/profile.d/


The last thing you did "juju watch status" is a bit off.  It should call the "watch" command on "juju status", i.e

watch juju status

(That just runs juju status periodically and shows the results.)

After a while, the juju-gui portion of the status output will show the agent-state as "started" and display a public IP address.

At that point you can open your browser and go to the IP address.  You'll be prompted for a password, which is the 'admin-secret' found in your ~/.juju/environments.yaml under the "local" section.

Hope that helps!


This Arstechnica article based around an interview with Mark Shuttleworth (the founder of Ubuntu and Canonical) gives some reasons for going forward with Unity, as opposed to using the GNOME Shell.

The GNOME Shell is the major new component of GNOME 3, that many people are incorrectly referring to as simply 'GNOME 3'. Remember that future Ubuntu versions will still be based on GNOME 3 - the underlying infrastructure, applications, etc will not change - they just won't use the GNOME Shell by default.

Ubuntu would like to embrace different ideas to other parts of the GNOME family -  specific examples mentioned are Mac OS X style global menus, and heavier 'Zeitgeist' integration.
There are concerns about hardware support with the Mutter technology GNOME Shell uses. Whilst Unity has up to now also used Mutter, Unity has been ported to Compiz, which, through its inclusion in default Ubuntu for over three years, has proved itself to have excellent hardware support.
Recent Ubuntu design work, such as Application Indicators and NotifyOSD are likely to be incompatible with GNOME Shell, and we want to keep these improvements, not move backwards!
Other distributions may have different user bases and needs. Ubuntu has a lot of home users, whereas many other distributions have more commercial users in workplaces. Canonical employs a lot of professional design experts and they may feel they can do a better job than, or at least take a different approach to, the existing GNOME Shell.


Open sudo gedit /etc/rc.local file.

And add the following line before the exit 0:

rfkill unblock all

Now enter the following line in a terminal:

sudo reboot

After system boots up your bluetooth would be Enable.


swap
/
/home
efi

Why?

Indeed, the beginning of a HDD is faster than the end (SSDs are entirely different animals), and when you need to swap, you want it to be as fast as possible.

You want your applications, temp files, ... to start as fast as possible to have a nice user experience.

(For completeness: If you're running a database server, put the database log files in-between 1 and 2)

Additional free tip: Don't just buy a new internal HDD, buy 2: One extra to make back-ups on!  Read this Q&A for more info!  ;-)


Got NODATA issue: 'NODATA' (does the network require authentication?)

Your mobile broadband provider is running a faulty transparent proxy. The URL http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/InRelease should return "404 Not Found". Instead it returns  "200 OK" but sends 404 content. Since the URL is "OK", apt copies the content to /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/extras.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_trusty_InRelease and attempts to use it, and then complains that it is incorrect.

The problem here is not Ubuntu, it is the transparent proxy of your mobile broadband provider. You might be able to contact them to fix it.

Here is the output from a normal internet connection:

$ wget -O - http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/InRelease
--2014-06-01 10:25:36--  http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/InRelease
Resolving extras.ubuntu.com (extras.ubuntu.com)... 91.189.92.152
Connecting to extras.ubuntu.com (extras.ubuntu.com)|91.189.92.152|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 404 Not Found
2014-06-01 10:25:36 ERROR 404: Not Found.

For some details of the problems caused by transparent proxies on mobile connections see answers to the question How to stop javascript injection from vodafone proxy?


Ubuntu 14.04 won't shut down, reboots instead (on Asrock)

After reading this kernel bug report I found out that BIOS settings cause this behaviour. It says there that you should enable keyboard and mouse power on. Now the reboot on shutdown is fixed.


It's hard to tell, but I think the /var/www directory was recreated (rm -rf then mkdir). It's hard to tell because I'm not sure exactly what adduser does when you add a user with a new home directory that already exists.

You wouldn't want to give a user a new home cluttered with files. I think adduser scrapped your work.

A program like photorec might be able to save you, but if you have to recreate everything it will be good practice and you'll learn not to use adduser on a directory you want to keep.

This is just a theory.


12.10 nautilus on dell xps 12 does not work

I just got the XPS 12 and have the same problem.

What works for me to get around the problem:
- Try using list view mode in Nautilus
- Or try another viewer like Konqueror
- Or disable the touchscreen in udev

I think the problem is that the touchscreen driver doesn't emit TOUCH_END events and Nautilus is looking for them.  So a fix will be to have the driver send the TOUCH_END events or change Nautilus to stop looking for them.


ubuntu asked for reinstall in 14.04 then again asking to install

If you're having trouble installing Ubuntu, have you checked that your disk/iso is functioning correctly?
Another thing you can try is to run a program like DBan or Killdisk to completely wipe the hard drive and then install Ubuntu fresh. Just curious is there a reason you are installing 14.04 instead of the newer LTS version?
If your not able to get anything to boot your safest bet might just be to wipe the hard drive and start from fresh.
If you run a live disk are you able to recover anything from the drive?


Blank (locked?) screen after login, no problem when booted in recovery mode

I have managed to avoid the problem by using the newer kernel in the 16.10 build, rather than fixing 16.04.

The Ubuntu forums post that led to this answer is here

It has some advice for fixing the 16.04 problems. Though I never personally tried beyond an upgrade to 16.10.


You can not delete or remove grub as grub is responsible for booting.

You can, however, configure grub to hide the menu.

Edit /etc/default/grub

# Graphical
gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

# command line
sudo -e /etc/default/grub

And edit or add these lines

GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=1
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true

  GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=X

  X is a positive integer (e.g. 1, 5, 10, etc)

  The boot process will pause and display a blank screen or the designated splash >image for X seconds. At the end of the time period, the system will boot. No menu will >be displayed.
     While GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is active, the menu can be displayed by pressing any >key.

See: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2#Hidden

In terms of old kernels, remove them. either from the command line of software center.

How do I remove old kernel versions to clean up the boot menu?


How to slim down Ubuntu GNOME title bar fatness?

You're seeing this fatter title bar because you're using Gnome-Shell. In Gnome-Shell, the title bars of Numix theme are much fatter than the versions for Unity.

Check these two images

Unity

Gnome Shell

To reduce the titlebar's fatness

To reduce this fatness, follow these steps

Create a file in ~/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css with these contents

 .header-bar.default-decoration {
    padding-top: 4px;
    padding-bottom: 4px;
    }

.header-bar.default-decoration .button.titlebutton {
    padding-top: 4px;
    padding-bottom: 4px;
}

/* No line below the title bar */
.ssd .titlebar {
    border-width: 2px;
    box-shadow: none;
}

Log out and Login again.

A screenshot from gnome-shell session after change

However, It's reported that this tweak doesn't work for GNOME 3.20 sometimes. To tackle that, you may need the solution from this question

How to change the titlebar height in standard GTK apps and those with headerbars/CSDs on Gnome 3.20

Source: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/257163/reduce-title-bar-height-in-gnome-3-gtk-3


It maybe that the root file system is currently mounted read-only.

Try This.  just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo mount -n -o remount,rw /


Should be fairly simple with sed:

sed 's;\([^/]*.launch$\);launch/\1;'

You can group matched text by surrounding the expression in brackets (\( ... \)). You need to escape the parentheses to make sed see them as special syntax.
The groups can be referred to using the position - the first group is \1, the second is \2, etc.

Example output:

$ sed 's;\([^/]*.launch\);launch/\1;' foo
/folder1/(abc)/launch/params.launch
/folder2/(efd)/launch/gui.launch
/folder3/(ghi)/launch/robot.launch

This is for Basic Regular Expressions. For Extended Regular expressions, one can use sed -r, in which case the parentheses need not be escaped:

sed -r 's;([^/]*.launch);launch/\1;'

Lastly, in sed, and some other tools, the complete matched text can be referred to using &, avoiding the need for groups and backreferences altogether:

sed 's;[^/]*.launch;launch/&;' foo


Adding a partition (device) back to the launcher

By removing the devices (accidentally) from the launcher, you "blacklisted" them, meaning the ones you removed are no longer visible in the Unity Launcher. To undo, and make them show up again, run the command:

gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Devices blacklist "[]"

(open a terminal window by typing Ctrl+Alt+Tand paste the command above in the terminal window, press RETURN)

This will make any device you might have removed from the launcher visible again.


How to bulk convert NEF/RAW images to JPG and remove original images?

Imagemagick cannot convert raw image files in recent Ubuntu versions because the ufraw-batch package is not available, due to it not being maintained anymore. We can however use darktable do the conversion. To install darktable run:
sudo apt install darktable

You can then use this command that uses darktable-cli to convert the images:
find . -type f \( -iname "*.raw" -o -iname "*.nef" \) -exec sh -c 'darktable-cli {} ${0%.*}.jpg' {} \; -delete

The above command uses find to do the following:

recursively search in the current folder: .
for files only: -type f
that their name ends either in .raw or .nef, irrespective of their case: \( -iname "*.raw" -o -iname "*.nef" \)
executes (-exec) this command to convert the found files to jpg: sh -c 'darktable-cli {} ${0%.*}.jpg' {} \;
deletes the original files: -delete

Caution: Make sure to first test the command in a copy of your files to ensure that it works as intended!


Why did my CDR/DVR stop writing after I installed updates to Ubuntu 18.04.5

it is unlikely that a kernel change sabotaged CD burning or the recognition
of burner drives. More likely is that Brasero cannot cope with changes in
the realm of device management by udev or alike.
But first check if your Brasero is using cdrecord as burn backend and if so
whether you get better results if you run Brasero as superuser. If so, then
it is the need of cdrecord for being run with superuser authority.
Consider to switch to the libburn backend of Brasero.
If the backend is already wodim or libburn:
Inspect your drives by xorriso, which gets its informations from libburn
which talks to the drives by traditional kernel ioctls.
Get a list of recognizable devices
xorriso -devices

For each of the listed /dev files get the list of supported media and media
states
xorriso -outdev /dev/sr0 -list_profiles

If you see among the output lines
Profile      : 0x0009 (CD-R)
Profile      : 0x000A (CD-RW)

then the drive states to be able to burn them.
If it can burn DVD, you will see a bunch of "Profile:" lines which name DVD
types.
Put in the medium which you want to use and do
xorriso -outdev /dev/sr0 -toc

which with an unused CD-R medium should report
Media current: CD-R
Media status : is blank

It will also tell you the exact drive model and the medium manufacturer
Drive type   : vendor 'HL-DT-ST' product 'BDDVDRW GGC-H20L' revision '1.03'
Media product: 97m34s23f/79m59s73f , Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation

(One may google for the text snippets "BDDVDRW GGC-H20L" or "79m59s73f" in
order to learn what others experienced.)
If this all looks like expected, then Brasero's recognition of drives and
media states is to blame. There is not much maintainance for Brasero in
these days.
If you don't want to use xorriso as burn program, try whether K3B or Xfburn
work better for you ... or maybe xorriso-tcltk.
If you want to use xorriso, you may ask for help at bug-xorriso@gnu.org.
Have a nice day :)
Thomas

Edit 19 Sep 2020:
The drives say that they can burn CD and DVD.
Now show what they say about the medium:
xorriso -outdev /dev/sr0 -toc
xorriso -outdev /dev/sr1 -toc


use dia here's a link where you can find documentation and description
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Dia


My wireless adapter is "Hard blocked" - WN2001 on an ASRock AMD E350M1/USB3

So it turns out that on different drivers the adapters radio was "off", however on other drivers the radio was perfectly fine.

I just blacklisted the driver that was giving me the problem (RTL8192CU) and hoped a better one would kick in which it did :)

I had a backup plan to use a confirmed working driver from realtek (RTL8192SU), however i had a problem compiling the code.


Can I use my @icloud.com email address for Thunderbird

Yes, you can, as The Man says. Since icloud.com supports both POP3 and IMAP, you can configure Thunderbird to pick up mail from the icloud.com servers, and send through it.

This suggests deciding which you wish to use, POP3 or IMAP. IMAP leaves the messages on the icloud.com servers until you delete them, whereas when you pick up mail using POP3, they are removed from icloud.com's servers.


Firstly, you mention this is not the case in Windows.  You're actually wrong - in Windows the dependencies for software need to be downloaded too.

Now to your issue.  The problem with trying to install all the packages you need from an offline state is that you have no way to fix dependency problems.  What apt and such do is they pull a list of all the dependencies, determine which ones need to be installed, and then try and install them.  If it cannot install the dependencies, it fails.

You bring up mysql-client as an example.  That's a metapackage, as in it refers to other packages, and doesn't contain any real executables.  It relies on specific versions of mysql-client as well and needs to download them.

There's no real way to avoid this with an offline box.  The only real way to avoid this issue is to actually connect your box to a network with either a Debian mirror on it or internet access, and set up firewall rules to restrict outbound traffic to only reach to update servers.


Fresh install 12.04 Performance & Stability: SONY VPCCW2S1E

No, it is not normal - according to the specs I looked at your machine is an i3 processor and only a few years old.  It should be running much better than this EeePC 900SD I am on at the moment which has no problem installing Chrome or anything else with it's 900Mhz Celeron.

Make sure you've run all the updates, and they any required third party drivers are loaded - video, network etc.

The first step in debugging this is finding out where the bottle neck really is.  Install and run top in command line to see what processes are are taking all of the cpu time. I also run Gkrellm system monitor at all times because it gives a good overview of cpu, disk, memory etc and gives a good idea what the machine is doing at any time.  Others prefer conky or similar applications for this.


How can I make Oracle VirtualBox appear in 12.04 dash?

Reinstalling virtualbox-4.1 resolved the issue. VirtualBox now appears in the dash and runs as expected.


How to get logging on ntpd changing the clock

On Ubuntu 18.04, are you looking for systemd-timesyncd?

Service status:

systemctl status systemd-timesyncd

journal log:

journalctl -u systemd-timesyncd

Service conf:

man 5 timesyncd.conf

also check:

timedatectl


Wifi disabled in Ubuntu 18.04 on Dell Inspiron 5448

After examining the output of your wireless script linked in your question, I believe you need to blacklist the dell-rbtn module:

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Add the following line:

blacklist dell_rbtn

Also, make sure secure boot is disabled in BIOS.