How to resize images in 13.10 using the context menu in Nautilus?

Unfortunately, Nautilus Actions like nautilus-image-converter and many others, which I regard as indispensable, are not (yet) even showing up in the context menu under Ubuntu 13.10. This is one of the several reasons why I decided to switch back to 13.04!

You can perhaps help prioritize this issue by reporting that this bug also affects you here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/nautilus-actions-extra/+bug/1244221

As a temporary solution you may use the commands (or even create your custom Nautilus Scripts) mentioned in other answers here: How to easily resize images?


What are the 3 flavours in ubuntu 14.04 LTS?

First option is for modern machines with more than 4 GB of RAM. The processor must support 64 bit mode.
It's for older machines. Suitable for all Intel and AMD processors, but leaks with performance.
It is designed for Apple Mac computers in case of first option not working.

If your computer isn't a Mac, choose the first one.


Just download version for 12.04, it works great on all ubuntu relieses. Also, don't forget sni-qt, for skype indicator to work properly:

sudo apt-get install sni-qt:i386

After that restart computer, and you're good to go :)


Perhaps I misinterpreted your question, but when you say you installed Rufus to a 2GB flash drive you do know that you should install those applications to the computer itself and use the application to build a bootable USB. The application shouldn't be installed on the same USB you intend to make bootable. Also if you're installing Ubuntu Desktop, 2GB might not be enough space. I'm not sure what the minimum space is but I would recommend 8GB to be safe.

To get dual boot working with a bootable USB running Ubuntu some guides vary a little but the most common things to check are:

You downloaded an Ubuntu ISO file and the file is non-corrupt.
Rufus is ran as an administrator
You select the Ubuntu ISO as the file to write to the USB
You select the USB drive you want to make bootable (it will overwrite all contents on the USB)
You wait until Rufus says it's finished writing to the USB and after which you safely eject the USB before removing it.

As long as those 4 steps check out, whatever default/recommended settings probably wouldn't botch an Ubuntu install.

Booting off the USB into Ubuntu most likely requires you to go under the boot menu for your computer and select boot from USB.

After booting the USB. You can follow the install Ubuntu prompts and follow the instructions to setup a dual boot.

PS. your issue with Virtualbox (if you're absolutely sure you're PC, OS, and Virtualbox application are all 64-bit) you can check the BIOS settings for your computer and ensure any settings regarding virtualization are enabled (may be called something like VT-x, VT-d, AMD-V).


How to install Percona Xtrabackup to Ubuntu 12.04LTS?

In general, it's more elegant to create a new file in the sources.list.d directory. It should have the 'extension' .list though. Just create a new file for example /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona.list to contain

deb http://repo.percona.com/apt precise main
deb-src http://repo.percona.com/apt precise main

And don't forget to follow the rest of the instructions (GPG APT key, update).

For Amazon EC2 you actually ought to do so apparently, as explained perfectly in the comment you posted.

It's more elegant, because .d directories are meant for users to put their own part of the configuration in there and scripts modifying this when running dist-upgrades for example are less likely to break.


When you are installing Ubuntu, create a 1024MB swap partition, like be made in this photo : http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_MfwRx_4ERx8/Sa6_NX-VJ2I/AAAAAAAAAxI/m5gNeh84icA/s400/ubuntu-partition-9.jpg

Then it will work.


I don't think it's good to have to gateways,

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto p2p1
    iface p2p1 inet static
    address 192.168.2.202
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    network 192.168.2.0
    broadcast 192.168.2.255
    #gateway 192.168.2.1
    #dns-nameservers 192.168.2.

auto p1p1
    address 192.168.2.203
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    network 192.168.2.0
    broadcast 192.168.2.255
    gateway 192.168.2.1
    #dns-nameservers 192.168.2

and instead of putting dns-nameservers severs in the network interface, try changing /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base like the following:

# Google IPv4 nameservers
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

You also need to run resolvconf -u for the changes to be reflected.


Grub doesn't recognises already plugged in USB keyboard

Access BIOS Setup and go to Integrated Peripherals and then enable Legacy USB Support, reboot and see if that fixes the issue.


I removed GDP plugin from my gedit as mentioned here

Can I shrink gedit's side panel?


You are missing the line RemainAfterExit=true, so your service stops after executing true. Add it to the [Service] section and it should work.

Also you should rather put your unit files into /etc/systemd/system/.


I'm the developer of Popper. From what you are writing I see that there must be an issue with your indicator menu configuration. Maybe you removed too much when you removed the evolution-indicator package. Please test the following:

Go to: http://forum.ubuntuusers.de/topic/allgemeiner-email-benachrichtiger/43/
There is a test script (indi.py) and a desktop file (popper.desktop) at the bottom of the page. Download both and store it in a temporary directory, e.g.: /home/user/test

Open a terminal, go to this directory and run: python indi.py

Now you should see a new entry in your indicator menu with numbers counting up every 5 seconds. If you don't see the entry in your indicator menu, you have an issue with the indicator menu and not with Popper. If you see the entry, it is a Popper issue.

Anyway, please do the test and come back with the results in: launchpad.net/popper


Take a look at Crunchbag http://crunchbang.org/, it is Debian based, so you should be able to install all the packages you need (Ubuntu is also Debian based).


Macbook Air - how to install a dual bootable Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Download the refind binary zip on OS X
Unpack it and run install.sh (on OS X)
Use OS X Disk Utility to resize your HFS+ partition

Create a partition for Ubuntu (create two partitions if you want a swap partition). Choose any partition type (it does not matter because you will overwrite them later).

Download Ubuntu 14.04 amd64 iso image and write it to a USB flash drive
Reboot and hold option key after you hear the bell, to start Startup Manager
Insert USB drive and select it. Ubuntu 14.04 installer will start.
At partitioning stage:

Select manual partitioning
Select the partition that you created in Disk Utility as your / (and set up swap if you created a partition for it)

At Grub install stage, Grub will detect an EFI system and install a boot loader to the EFI partition on /dev/sda1
At end of install, remove USB drive and reboot
Refind will load and show you the option of booting OS X or Ubuntu. Choose Ubuntu.


How can I set xdotool and gedit to open a document and save it twice?

The window must be focused because otherwise gedit will ignore X events sent by xdotool.

Here's what your script should be:

&#35!/bin/bash

gedit -s /path/to/document
# -s is standalone, meaning a new window will be opened instead of a tab in any existing gedit

sleep 5 # wait for gedit to open, adjust if necessary

GEDPID=$!  # save PID of gedit process

sleep 2 # wait for gedit to actually open document, adjust if necessary

GEDWINID=`xdotool search --pid $GEDPID | tail -1`
# gets window ID of gedit, the third "child" is the actual window

xdotool windowactivate --sync $GEDWINID key --clearmodifiers --delay 100 ctrl+s ctrl+s alt+F4
# focus gedit window, wait until focused, then save twice and exit


How to browse or search software package list with the right version naming?

Well, I don't know much about doing this sort of thing, but have you tried looking at the ipython GitHub?

The installation instructions can be found on their site, and it seems pretty easy if you can use either of their installation scripts.

As for using one of ubuntu's package managers to find a differing version, I have no idea. :/


Thanks to dillthedog on the OSMC forums, I got it solved!

Press CTRL+ALT+F1 to get the terminal screen

Enter this to see the files in your home folder:

cd
du -s *

Look for files that are real big (in my case the android installer for my vero2 device) and type

rm filename.extension

It's done in a blink of an eye, but try to reboot and the problem is solved!


Where to find command in ubuntu 14.04 to mount the ntfs partition when clicked on the icon?

Following command worked for me:

udisksctl mount --block-device  /dev/sda3


Lenovo V15-IIL, I can not active the wifi after install Ubuntu 20.04

Connect your laptop to internet by using a LAN cable or USB tethering,
then run the following commands:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade


i got this errors on service restart apache2 how can i solve it

You got a syntax error on /etc/apache2/mods, try purging apache2
sudo apt-get remove --purge apache2, then install again sudo apt-get install apache2 -y


New tab in gnome-terminal closes on pressing Ctrl+C

I used following thread to solve this issue
here
gnome-terminal --tab -t 'test' -- bash -ic "endyarnstart() { exec bash; };trap endyarnstart INT;cd Services/Api;dotnet run --no-build;exec bash";


Unable to locate package lubuntu-desktop

In your particular case the answer is based on your CPU architecture - it is arm64.

So there is no package named lubuntu-desktop for this arch.

Such package is available only for 18.10 and 19.04:

But kubuntu-desktop is available for all releases and all architectures:

If you need to get lighter desktop - consider to try MATE DE. Install it with:

sudo apt install ubuntu-mate-desktop^

as this package is available for ARM64.


Unable to install docker - invoke-rc.d: initscript docker, action "start" failed

I noticed the following files in /etc/systemd/system/

docker.service
docker.service.d
docker.socket

Removing these, in addition to the removal commands mentioned above resulted in the error going away.


The ubuntu software center disappeared when I changed the GUI

Lubuntu does not use the Ubuntu Software Center, but it uses Muon Package Manager instead.
Your desktop environment (DE) is not a singular package, but an entire suite of packages with many moving parts that all work together to make up your DE.
It is often a very messy process to try to swap desktop environments on an installed system.
This is the reason that Ubuntu is released in several different flavors.  The best path is to simply install the version of Ubuntu that has the desktop environment that you want.  In the case of the LXQt desktop environment, the installation candidate is Lubuntu.
Each flavor of Ubuntu also allows you to "Try Ubuntu" so that you can test drive the operating system and it's DE before you take on the hefty task of adopting a new DE.


Desktop doesn't open after selecting a different theme from the Gnome login screen

May be gnome bug 1766137. That includes a workaround to use while they are fixing it.

  WORKAROUND: After typing an incorrect password, click Cancel, then
  click your name, then enter your password again.


A Partition From My External Drive is Recognized by Ubuntu Not in Windows

For lack of any more meaningful data...

SMART Data shows that the sdc drive has READ ERRORS and 16 potential bad blocks.

Syslog does not show NCQ errors, or any other errors related to sdc.

Note: Backup all NTFS partition data from Windows. Any NTFS partition not accessible from Windows, but is accessible from Ubuntu... then backup all files that way.
From Windows...
chkdsk /f h: # already tried and failed
chkdsk /r h: # try to bad block that partition
From Ubuntu...
Wipe the drive by laying down a fresh MBR partition table (which is what is there now). I'd normally recommend a GPT partition table.
Create ONE ext4 partition that uses all available unallocated disk space.
Bad block the disk using this procedure...
Note: do NOT abort a bad block scan!
Note: do NOT bad block a SSD
Note: backup your important files FIRST!
Note: this will take many hours
Note: you may have a pending HDD failure
Boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in “Try Ubuntu” mode.
In terminal...
sudo fdisk -l # identify all "Linux Filesystem" partitions
sudo e2fsck -fcky /dev/sdXX # read-only test
or
sudo e2fsck -fccky /dev/sdXX # non-destructive read/write test (recommended)
The -k is important, because it saves the previous bad block table, and adds any new bad blocks to that table. Without -k, you loose all of the prior bad block information.
The -fccky parameter...
   -f    Force checking even if the file system seems clean.

   -c    This option causes e2fsck to use badblocks(8) program to do
         a read-only scan of the device in order to find any bad blocks.
         If any bad blocks are found, they are added to the bad block
         inode to prevent them from being allocated to a file or direc‐
         tory.  If this option is specified twice, then the bad block scan
         will be done using a non-destructive read-write test.

   -k    When combined with the -c option, any existing bad blocks in the
         bad blocks list are preserved, and any new bad blocks found by
         running badblocks(8) will be added to the existing bad blocks
         list.

   -y    Assume an answer of `yes' to all questions; allows e2fsck to be
         used non-interactively. This option may not be specified at the
         same time as the -n or -p options.


Will the mini DVD iso include the media codecs and Ubuntu restricted extras?

The list of included apps is here:

What is on the DVD Edition of Ubuntu?

Like the CD, the codecs need to be installed during installationThe reason they're not included as installed by default is detailed here (it's not a size issue).

However during the installation there is a simple checkbox that users can click to have the codecs installed during the installation.


You could try elmer  which is available in the software-centre.


Why does ps output show a process even if it is not running?

And this is why you shouldn't grep or otherwise parse the output of ps for matching commands, but use tools like pgrep and pidof.

When you run ps | grep foo, the grep foo process is also listed by ps - therefore grep foo matches itself along with any other foo processes. The exact same thing happens when you do echo $(ps aux | awk  '/firefox/...) - the awk command matches itself.

Indeed, depending on what output you want from ps, you might be better off using pgrep's output with ps. For example, the states of all Google Chrome processes in my system:

ps -p $(pgrep -d, chrome) -o pid,state

pgrep's flexibility in this regard is very useful - note how I can specify an output delimiter with -d, then use it as PID list argument to ps. pgrep and pkill are also capable of reading from a PID file.


I strongly suspect you're trying to access something outside of /var/www.  This permission problem is by design.

If you used ln -s /var/www/Development ~/Development apache by default won't follow that link.


How does one automate apt-get commands such as update and upgrade?

Disclaimer: I am not a Linux expert, merely someone trying to gain a level of expertise.
I use ucaresystem-core  in the terminal. It's automatic in the sense that it automates the sequence of commands that would otherwise be required. I suggest you visit https://www.ostechnix.com/ucaresystem-core-basic-maintenance-tool-ubuntu/. However, for full automation it seems that you might need to transition to the use of snaps.


Compiling a LibUSB 0.1 program fails with "undefined reference" errors

I had a similar problem. I solved it
Instead of
  gcc -lusb -o outfile input.c

I used
  gcc -o outfile input.c -lusb

and that worked


I had the same issue. I followed the information in the following link and it worked. I still have some audio issues in the rendered file, but at least now I can create a file from my project.

http://www.kdenlive.org/mantis/view.php?id=2592


In that position in a command, the {} indicate a list of alternatives, which in this case are "" and ".disabled". Try it yourself, with echo (and removing the space after /dbus-1:

$ echo /usr/share/dbus-1/services/org.freedesktop.Notification.service{,.disabled}
/usr/share/dbus-1/services/org.freedesktop.Notification.service /usr/share/dbus-1/services/org.freedesktop.Notification.service.disabled


keyboard shortcut to move window between monitors

Following shortcut works for me (16.04):

Shift+Super+arrow


Fn keys can't adjust brightness MATE desktop

The problem is MATE does not come with a program to manage brightness. In a terminal, type sudo apt-get install mate-power-manager and let it install. Restart, and brightness should now work because there is a program to handle brightness key presses.


Can I set a default program for a certain file type without also making it visible in the dash (Activities overview)?

It is possible. First create a simple .desktop launcher file for the programme in ~/.local/share/applications/, say appname.desktop and add the following lines to it:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Name of the programme
Comment=A short description
Exec=/full/path/to/the/script %U
Type=Application
Icon=/full/path/to/icon-image
Terminal=false
NoDisplay=true

Then save file. After that you would find this application in 'Open with other application' > 'View all applications' and would be able to set it as the default programme.

The NoDisplay=true line hides the application from 'Activities' overview.

  NoDisplay means "this application exists, but don't display it in the menus". This can be useful to e.g. associate this application with MIME types, so that it gets launched from a file manager (or other apps), without having a menu entry for it (there are tons of good reasons for this, including e.g. the netscape -remote, or kfmclient openURL kind of stuff).
  (source)


Does all hardware of a Thinkpad Edge E525 work

Good news! I dared to buy it before the answer from Cyrilco came in. And Ubuntu 11.10 (alternate, AMD64) works with fine with our Lenovo.
So far I only found one minor issue: It does not recognise MMC-cards.

But there is probably a problem with the ATI graphic card, but I followed the answer of Isaac Joseph in another question and that helped me through the black screen after installation:

  1) Go here and download the alternate install live CD.
  2) Boot and install from the alternate LiveCD
  3) After installation, boot with nomodeset
  4) Drop into TTY, log in as usual [I had a hard time to find a terminal/command line as the screen was black, so I went through the installation process (with the CD/USB drive) again; at some point, I chose to return and to go to the command line. Probably there is an easier way to do it.]
  5) Install fglrx: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install fglrx
  6) After it's finished, just reboot and boot normally. You should be able to boot into Ubuntu 11.10.
  Also, I should mention that everything will seem kind of sluggish. If you install compizconfig-settings-manager and turn off "Sync to Vblank" in General --> OpenGL, everything will be visibly faster and smoother.

Probably because of the nomodeset "no video  mode activated" appears just after the BIOS loaded. The loading Ubuntu logo and the encryption password question are not as nice (pixeled). Not sure if this can be changed. But the starting of Ubuntu works fine and afterwards I don't notice any video or screen problems.

PS: Bluetooth connections did not work well.

Update June 2012: Ubuntu 12.04 installation worked well, bluetooth working well so far. Unfortunately suspending and hibernation is not working out-of-the-box and the performance is not great, the CPU can be easily 100%. I have not yet time to search for a solution.


Disable auto update at end of autoinstall/cloud-init

You can't disable it, so you're stuck with using a clever work-around.  I'd be tempted to use cloud-init to patch the subiquity code to skip the step.
From a developer
https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/please-test-autoinstalls-for-20-04/15250/226

You can’t currently. Why do you want to install a system with known
security vulnerabilities?
You can probably work around this by not configuring the network
during the install and dumping netplan into place with a late-command.


Open Terminal and run

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences button-layout close:maximize


Can I access my files from a command line of root@nameEm250: ?

You can use live cd and backup your data and then do fresh install. Choose Try Ubuntu in ubuntu installation process.

If you have a separate home partition you can recover your data if you donot format it during installation.[Although you can use the same mount point]

From command line you could recover your data if you know basic shell commands:

cd /home/YOUR_USER_NAME/ is the path where documents and pictures are located.
 Just do cp to copy your data. I think you will need mount as well to use your external drive if you have one.

So basically

sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sd[abc][123] SOME_PATH[Given You have a FAT pen drive]

cp -r /home/YOUR_USER_NAME/* SOME_PATH/FOLDER


the problem was in the source code. It was not compatible with Kernel v5.4.x.
IBM provided me a new code fore the latest Kernel and now I do not have any errors.


Qtbase5 installation modified graphics significantly

Not so satisfying solution:

Suddenly, a big number of the issues were automatically solved by an update: the titles font in titlebars and the plugins font (like time and date, wifi options, etc) are back to normal font size. In the terminal (konsole), the cursor (and font) are back to normal. In kate (text editor), the spacing and fonts have been set back to the default monospaced font. The brightness can now be customized by means of using the function keys. The battery status can now be seen. I am unable to track what was the update that fixed everything of this, I am enclosing the update log. "Suspend" is working now (it wasn't).

Update Log file:

Start-Date: 2016-06-08  11:54:23
Install: pam-kwallet-init:amd64 (4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1, automatic), kactivitymanagerd:amd64 (5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1, automatic), libkwinglutils8:amd64 (4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1, automatic), libkf5screen7:amd64 (4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1, automatic), plasma-integration:amd64 (5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1, automatic), libkwinxrenderutils8:amd64 (4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1, automatic), libkwineffects8:amd64 (4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1, automatic)
Upgrade: init:amd64 (1.29ubuntu1, 1.29ubuntu2), gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly-amr:amd64 (1.8.0-1ubuntu1, 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1), init-system-helpers:amd64 (1.29ubuntu1, 1.29ubuntu2), qtbase5-dev-tools:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), plasma-workspace:amd64 (4:5.5.5.2-0ubuntu1, 4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1), libpackagekit-glib2-16:amd64 (0.8.17-4ubuntu6~gcc5.4ubuntu1, 0.8.17-4ubuntu6~gcc5.4ubuntu1.1), libimage-magick-perl:amd64 (8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5, 8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5.1), libqt5test5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), xserver-common:amd64 (2:1.18.3-1ubuntu2, 2:1.18.3-1ubuntu2.2), libxml2-utils:amd64 (2.9.3+dfsg1-1, 2.9.3+dfsg1-1ubuntu0.1), libapt-inst2.0:amd64 (1.2.10ubuntu1, 1.2.12~ubuntu16.04.1), libldap-2.4-2:amd64 (2.4.42+dfsg-2ubuntu3, 2.4.42+dfsg-2ubuntu3.1), xserver-xorg-core:amd64 (2:1.18.3-1ubuntu2, 2:1.18.3-1ubuntu2.2), libimage-magick-q16-perl:amd64 (8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5, 8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5.1), qml-module-org-kde-activities:amd64 (5.18.0-0ubuntu1, 5.22.0-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa3), apturl-common:amd64 (0.5.2ubuntu11, 0.5.2ubuntu11.1), kicad-library:amd64 (4.1.0-alpha+201605221502+634~2~ubuntu16.04.1, 4.1.0-alpha+201606072116+951~2~ubuntu16.04.1), libsystemd0:amd64 (229-4ubuntu5, 229-4ubuntu6), libsystemd0:i386 (229-4ubuntu5, 229-4ubuntu6), libqt5opengl5-dev:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), apt:amd64 (1.2.10ubuntu1, 1.2.12~ubuntu16.04.1), gstreamer1.0-plugins-good:amd64 (1.8.0-1ubuntu1, 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1), kwin-data:amd64 (4:5.5.5-0ubuntu1, 4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1), kamera:amd64 (4:15.12.3-0ubuntu1, 4:15.12.3-0ubuntu1.1), snapd:amd64 (2.0.3, 2.0.5), binutils:amd64 (2.26-8ubuntu2, 2.26-8ubuntu2.1), libmagickwand-6.q16-2:amd64 (8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5, 8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5.1), libkf5activities5:amd64 (5.18.0-0ubuntu1, 5.22.0-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa3), libqt5dbus5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), libqt5sql5-sqlite:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), libqt5widgets5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad:amd64 (1.8.0-1ubuntu1, 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1), udev:amd64 (229-4ubuntu5, 229-4ubuntu6), gstreamer1.0-plugins-base:amd64 (1.8.0-1ubuntu1, 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1), gstreamer1.0-plugins-base:i386 (1.8.0-1ubuntu1, 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1), plasma-desktop:amd64 (4:5.5.5-0ubuntu1, 4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa3), command-not-found-data:amd64 (0.3ubuntu16.04, 0.3ubuntu16.04.1), gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad-videoparsers:amd64 (1.8.0-1ubuntu1, 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1), libapt-pkg5.0:amd64 (1.2.10ubuntu1, 1.2.12~ubuntu16.04.1), libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-0:amd64 (1.8.0-1ubuntu1, 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1), libudev1:amd64 (229-4ubuntu5, 229-4ubuntu6), libudev1:i386 (229-4ubuntu5, 229-4ubuntu6), plasma-desktop-data:amd64 (4:5.5.5-0ubuntu1, 4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa3), libqt5xml5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio:amd64 (1.8.0-1ubuntu1, 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1), libqt5printsupport5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), libqt5concurrent5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), apport:amd64 (2.20.1-0ubuntu2, 2.20.1-0ubuntu2.1), imagemagick-6.q16:amd64 (8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5, 8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5.1), libqt5gui5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), apturl-kde:amd64 (0.5.2ubuntu11, 0.5.2ubuntu11.1), libpam-kwallet4:amd64 (4:5.5.5-0ubuntu1, 4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1), libpam-kwallet5:amd64 (4:5.5.5-0ubuntu1, 4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1), libmagickcore-6.q16-2-extra:amd64 (8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5, 8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5.1), adwaita-icon-theme:amd64 (3.18.0-2ubuntu3, 3.18.0-2ubuntu3.1), python3-commandnotfound:amd64 (0.3ubuntu16.04, 0.3ubuntu16.04.1), python3-apport:amd64 (2.20.1-0ubuntu2, 2.20.1-0ubuntu2.1), qt5-qmake:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), dmidecode:amd64 (3.0-2, 3.0-2ubuntu0.1), gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad-faad:amd64 (1.8.0-1ubuntu1, 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1), systemd-sysv:amd64 (229-4ubuntu5, 229-4ubuntu6), libkf5screen-bin:amd64 (4:5.5.5-0ubuntu1, 4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1), oxideqt-codecs-extra:amd64 (1.14.9-
0ubuntu0.16.04.1, 1.15.7-0ubuntu0.16.04.1), libpam-systemd:amd64 (229-4ubuntu5, 229-4ubuntu6), libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:amd64 (1.8.0-1ubuntu1, 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1), libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:i386 (1.8.0-1ubuntu1, 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1), gstreamer1.0-x:amd64 (1.8.0-1ubuntu1, 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1), systemd:amd64 (229-4ubuntu5, 229-4ubuntu6), libqt5core5a:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), dh-python:amd64 (2.20151103ubuntu1, 2.20151103ubuntu1.1), apt-utils:amd64 (1.2.10ubuntu1, 1.2.12~ubuntu16.04.1), kwin-x11:amd64 (4:5.5.5-0ubuntu1, 4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1), libmagickcore-6.q16-2:amd64 (8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5, 8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5.1), qtbase5-dev:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), libkwin4-effect-builtins1:amd64 (4:5.5.5-0ubuntu1, 4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1), libqt5opengl5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), gstreamer1.0-libav:amd64 (1.8.0-1, 1.8.1-1~ubuntu1), libxml2:amd64 (2.9.3+dfsg1-1, 2.9.3+dfsg1-1ubuntu0.1), libxml2:i386 (2.9.3+dfsg1-1, 2.9.3+dfsg1-1ubuntu0.1), gir1.2-packagekitglib-1.0:amd64 (0.8.17-4ubuntu6~gcc5.4ubuntu1, 0.8.17-4ubuntu6~gcc5.4ubuntu1.1), command-not-found:amd64 (0.3ubuntu16.04, 0.3ubuntu16.04.1), imagemagick-common:amd64 (8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5, 8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5.1), libmagick++-6.q16-5v5:amd64 (8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5, 8:6.8.9.9-7ubuntu5.1), kscreen:amd64 (4:5.5.5-0ubuntu1, 4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1), apt-transport-https:amd64 (1.2.10ubuntu1, 1.2.12~ubuntu16.04.1), kicad:amd64 (4.1.0-alpha+201605222346+6820~44~ubuntu16.04.1, 4.1.0-alpha+201606071201+6887~45~ubuntu16.04.1), apport-kde:amd64 (2.20.1-0ubuntu2, 2.20.1-0ubuntu2.1), libqt5network5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0:amd64 (1.8.0-1ubuntu1, 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1), libgstreamer1.0-0:amd64 (1.8.0-1, 1.8.1-1~ubuntu1), libgstreamer1.0-0:i386 (1.8.0-1, 1.8.1-1~ubuntu1), python3-problem-report:amd64 (2.20.1-0ubuntu2, 2.20.1-0ubuntu2.1), kde-spectacle:amd64 (15.12.3-0ubuntu1, 15.12.3-0ubuntu2~ubuntu16.04~ppa2), ubuntu-mono:amd64 (14.04+16.04.20160415-0ubuntu1, 14.04+16.04.20160415-0ubuntu2), libpowerdevilcore2:amd64 (4:5.5.5-0ubuntu1, 4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1), kwin-common:amd64 (4:5.5.5-0ubuntu1, 4:5.6.4-0ubuntu1~ubuntu16.04~ppa1), libqt5sql5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1), bash-completion:amd64 (1:2.1-4.2ubuntu1, 1:2.1-4.2ubuntu1.1), gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly:amd64 (1.8.0-1ubuntu1, 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1), libqt5sql5-mysql:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7, 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.1)
Remove: kactivities:amd64 (5.18.0-0ubuntu1), libkwinglutils7:amd64 (4:5.5.5-0ubuntu1), libkf5screen6:amd64 (4:5.5.5-0ubuntu1)
End-Date: 2016-06-08  12:00:52

Persistent Issues:

Chromium keeps asking me to make it my default browser. The background image in the logon screen keeps zoomed in.

New Issues:

Now the background image in the logon screen will never render properly (not even when entering the password correctly), and the animation of the KDE logo has been changed (i.e. it was originally from top to bottom with transparent bars overriding each other, now it is from right to left with static bars). When moving to a different virtual desktop, a black box of around one quarter of the screen will display in the top left corner.


How do I get a Broadcom BCM4306 Wireless card working?

I had the same problem. My notebook is a HP Pavilion dv 2000.
The procedure described in this forum topic [ubuntu] Inspiron 1525 11.04... solved my problem. It is the reply that begins with "PRAISE THE LORD! IT WORKED" XD

I see that you tried to install b43-cutter and firmware-b43-installer. Did also remove bcmwl-kernel-source. Maybe it is that what is preventing the card to work.

The command for that is

sudo apt-get remove bcmwl-kernel-source

Or you can replace "remove" by "purge" if you're as mad as I was with the wireless card. =D

Additional info is provided in the link above. I hope it helps.

ps: It's funny that the same problem ocurred with me on Ubuntu 11.04 but didn't happen on 11.10. Then it happened on 12.04 again.


What is the difference between preparing encrypted partitions and then installing whereas using the installer to enable encryption

I would recommend following this tutorial.

You will end up with encrypted /boot/ and root file-system which is considered almost Full Disk Encryption (FDE).


You didn't setup your alias correctly, you should setup it like so: alias minecraft='sh /var/www/owncloud/data/admin/files/Spigot/start.sh'


I would suggest removing the 20.10 repos due to issues with apt. The way you would do so is doing editing the files in the /etc/apt/sources.d directory and removing the 20.10 repos from there. Then do sudo apt update and then do sudo apt install wine if you want to run x64 apps also do sudo apt install wine64.
Edit: This is not outdated. I use this method and it installs the latest version of wine which is wine 5.0


Moving files accidentally to an not existing directory erases files?

In the command you actually ran, you didn't lose anything! It succeeded at renaming test.txt to /ben. Assuming test.txt was a regular file, so is the new /ben (they're the same file, after all).

The reason you see bash: cd: /ben: Not a directory is what it says on the tin: /ben is not a directory. You can still access the file.

If you want to avoid that sort of mistake and force mv to fail if the destination isn't a directory, write a trailing / on it or use -t dir. For example, any of these would've prevented the (very minor!) problem you experienced (with sudo as necessary):

mv test.txt /ben/  # no action, unless `/ben` is an existing directory

mv -t /ben test.txt  # same deal, -t doesn't accept regular-file operands

mv -t /ben/ test.txt  # you can even do both if you want

Information about the general situation described in your question--about losing files by attempting to move them--and what can and can't go wrong follows.

As Rinzwind says, moving files to a nonexistent destination directory shouldn't cause data loss when you attempt it using a single mv command. But it could happen if you ran mv more than once, such as in a shell loop.

For example, suppose I have:

ek@Apok:~/tmp$ ls -F
dest/       file02.txt  file04.txt  file06.txt  file08.txt  file10.txt
file01.txt  file03.txt  file05.txt  file07.txt  file09.txt

To move all those files into dest, I should pass all their names to mv, in a command like mv file*.txt dest/ or mv file*.txt dest. In either case--that is, whether or not I write the target directory name with a trailing slash--this does the right thing. And in either case, if I misspell the target directory name (say, by writing dst instead) I get an error mv: target 'dst' is not a directory and no data are lost.

However, suppose I were to misspell dst, omit the trailing /, and run multiple mv commands. That would be bad, because when the destination of mv is a regular file, mv replaces it!

ek@Apok:~/tmp$ mv file01.txt dst  # bad if dst exists but isn't a directory
ek@Apok:~/tmp$ mv file02.txt dst  # bad, I just lost the old file01.txt!

This is why many people prefer always to write destination directories with a trailing / in mv:

ek@Apok:~/tmp$ mv file03.txt dst/
mv: failed to access 'dst/': Not a directory

You can use mv -i to ask you before overwriting, or mv -n to silently not overwrite. Otherwise, mv only ask you before overwriting if the destination is a read-only file. One reason to consider this is that it covers other cases, like mv file01.txt dest/ where you didn't realize dest/file01.txt existed and didn't want to overwrite it.

You can also use -t dest instead of writing dest at the end of the command, e.g., mv -t dest file*.txt. This refuses to operate if dest is a regular file, regardless of whether or not you write a trailing /.

Using an automated mechanism to run multiple such commands can gravely compound the problem. For example, as written the command for f in file*.txt; do mv "$f" dest/; done is needlessly complicated but safe, because if I accidentally specified the file dst instead of the directory dest (but kept the slash!), it would give me one mv: failed to access 'dst/': Not a directory error per file. However, if I omitted the trailing /, then it would rename each file to dst, replacing the previous dst, and only the last file would remain.

Similar bad outcomes can be achieved with find, including in situations where it may be reasonable to use find (but differently, and still with extra care). For example, suppose I wanted to move all files matching the glob file*.txt in an entire directory tree (except in dest itself) into the directory dest. I might first think to use this:

find . -path ./dest -prune -o -name 'file*.txt' -exec mv {} dest/ \;  # bad, don't use

Because I included a trailing /, writing dest/ instead of dest, this wouldn't overwrite a file called dst even if I wrote dst instead of dest. But it has the related problem that it will overwrite files that it has already copied, if files in different parts of the directory tree have the same name. For example, if there's an a/file01.txt and a b/file01.txt, one will overwrite the other. To avoid that, too, it's better to use something like this:

find -path ./dest -prune -o -name 'file*.txt' -exec mv -it dest/ {} \;  # okay

The other benefit of -t dir is that, because it lets you specify the destination directory before the items being moved, it's compatible with the + form of -exec, where multiple items are passed to a command, thereby running fewer commands (often just one):

find -path ./dest -prune -o -name 'file*.txt' -exec mv -it dest/ {} +  # good

In both cases (they're the same except for \; vs. +) I've also passed the -i option to prompt before each operation that would overwrite a file. If you just want to silently skip those, write n instead of i. If you want to test your find commands first, you can write echo after -exec but before the rest of the command to print what would be run. For example:

ek@Apok:~/tmp$ find -path ./dest -prune -o -name 'file*.txt' -exec echo mv -it dest/ {} +
mv -it dest/ ./file02.txt ./file06.txt ./file10.txt ./file09.txt ./file01.txt ./file04.txt ./file05.txt ./file07.txt ./file03.txt ./file08.txt

(Of course, that's in the original directory I showed, where all the files to moved are in the same location, and thus where find is overkill and the most complicated reasonable command to use is mv -it dest/ file*.txt.)


Cannot login to my ubuntu after some unity hacking

I managed to solve the problem.
In my home directory I found .compiz and .compiz-1 directories I renamed the first one to compiz-old and the second one to .compiz so ubuntu now uses the second one for unity and this solved the problem.


How to access a git repository using SSH?

Setup Git

Install it with sudo apt-get install git (see here)
Configure Git (see here)

Implement SSH on GitHub/BitBucket

Generate the SSH key with ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 (see here)
Copy the content of your public SSH key, it is the file id_rsa.pub by default
Paste the content into your GitHub/BitBucket account on the SSH key section

Get the repo

Just clone it:

GitHub: git clone git@github.com:YOUR_USERNAME/REPO_NAME.git
BitBucket: git clone git@bitbucket.org:USERNAME/REPO_NAME.git

For more information managing a repo, take a look at the Git For Humans guide by Lucio Martinez.

GUI Tools

You can install git-gui which is a built-in GUI tool for commit.

For more options, take a look at the list on the official page.


I was using caps-lock for part of my password.  I'm used to caps-lock lagging a bit on Linux, but it was lagging a lot more than normal and generally being unreliable over iKVM.

And I was all ready to dive into the PAM source code...


Adding a Python script to Application Launcher

It seems like you don't have permissions to execute the script. There are two possible solutions:

Prefix the command with python,
e. g. python /path/to/myscript.py
instead of /path/to/myscript.py.
That way, the python interpreter
will read your script instead of the
executed script calling the python
interpreter, and the permissions on
the script may stay the same.
Enable execution-permissions for
    the script. Right-click the script
    in the file manager, choose
    properties and tick the execution
    permission under the permissions
    tab. This solution implies that your script can be identified by the shell as a python-script. To do this, you must place #!/usr/bin/env python on the first line of the file.


Xubuntu on VirtualBox VM does not see CTRL-Fn key combinations

The issue turned out to be with XFCE rather than virtualBox.
By default, it maps CTRL+Fn combinations to switch to the corresponding workplaces.
See the answer to another question here.


Can't see any drive to install linux on during installation

You probably need to install a boot manager (e.g rEFIt); doing so, will make sure the additional partition you made is visible and therefore usable. Generally speaking, rEFIt is a better option for macs than the Bootcamp.


NOTE: This has been answered before, for each previous Ubuntu release.

There is NO difference, once the release date has arrived AND your system is fully updated.

If you were already up-to-date, you won't even need an 'automatic update'.


When I install applications with snap, i always have to start them as root. How do I fix that?

Ok so snaps, as it turns out, are not all they're cracked up to be.

sure it circumvents dependency issues but as a con, you have to wait for it to start up your transparent emulated environement, so a longer startup time, not a hassle in your case since your snap is for a windows binary anyways so you'd have this extra startup in any event.

the problem, however, is that snaps can apparently not be elsewhere than your home.

I'd wager moving the dirrectory of your app inside the ~/snap dir to another hard drive and running it from there should be doable but, you run into the issue of not even having enough space in Home at download so that's a no-go.

It looks to me as if you'd be better served installing the app in question via a more powerfull method, such as lutris (or steam). which allow download to a specific destination and much more configurability.


How do I find out where in /dev my microphone audio input is going?

Look into /dev/snd/ in order to find the individual devices. /dev/snd/ is a directory, not a file.

Which version of xvidcap do you use? Mine, 1.1.7, has no option to set the sound input other than the system default. Ideally, xvidcap should use PulseAudio for audio input, failing that it should use Alsa. The /dev/dsp and other files in /dev are remnants from OpenSoundSystem (OSS), which is no longer supported (since Ubuntu 10.10).


What are the actual risks of giving www-data sudo nopasswd access?

Under no circumstances permit your web server to run commands with sudo.  Not even hyper-specific commands.

This is a huge security risk.  A web server should not be given permissions to access sudo commands, which then permit root access for commands.  Especially when given nopasswd form of sudo, should your web server be breached, any command run by a malicious threat actor can be run as root with god permissions, so your entire system is at reach for data theft, data deletion, corruption, and damage to the OS.

Many web applications are not written in a secure method, and if your Apache installation gets breached, you will not be able to protect yourself from scripts and malicious threat actors from running any arbitrary command.

If you must give the web server permission to run something as root, you're very much doing something wrong, and should re-evaluate what you're trying to do.  Given that your question states nothing about what exactly you are trying to achieve or what exactly your script is doing, the only advice I can give as a systems adminsitrator and security person is do not attempt to give the web server sudo access.


it is posted in gmail known issues. I am sorry, it is a problem of gmail.

if you expand pop, imap & sync, then you have the following and you can report the issue (I have also done it).

'imap.gmail.com is not responding' error when retrieving mail via IMAP, mobile device, or tablet

We are aware of an issue where users are receiving an error that '"imap.gmail.com" is not responding' when using IMAP on their computers, mobile devices, or tablets. We are currently working on resolving this issue.
In the meantime, you can sign in to Gmail through a web browser. For Android and iOS users, you can also download the Gmail application in the interim.


/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5 is not a symbolic link

The most likely cause is that there are two files with almost the same name with identical contents, and one should be a symlink to the other, but is not. Here are two files in my /usr/lib that are OK

libgimpui-2.0.so.0 -> libgimpui-2.0.so.0.800.16
libgimpui-2.0.so.0.800.16

(This symlink is so that programs that look for libgimpui-2.0.so.0 will find the newer version)

You apparently have libstdc++.so.5 and a related file such as libstdc++.so.5.300.0 or maybe libstdc++.so.6 and their contents are exactly the same. Do cd /usr/lib; ls and see if this is the case.

Check that the two files are the same, for example do (replace the correct filename in this command):

diff libstdc++.so.5 libstdc++.so.[rest.of.filename]

If they are the same, diff returns no output.

If and only if they are the same, delete libstdc++.so.5 and make a symlink to the other file with that name.

sudo rm libstdc++.so.5
sudo ln -s libstdc++.so.[rest.of.filename] libstdc++.so.5

Based on this question on Stack Overflow


How can I automount my hard disk partitions?

Install pysdm
After installation it will be found under System > Administration > Storage Device Manager

Select your partition from the partition list and click Mount and then Apply.
Also for more information you can check this post.


I worked out a fix and here it is:

Open up a shell :

$ xrandr

(This will show you your connection type, in my case it's VGA1)

$ cvt 1680 1050 60

(Just type this in and hit enter, my refresh rate is 60. My resolution can handle 1680x1050. Copy the part after 'Modeline' e.g.
Modeline "1680x1050_60.00" 146.25 1680 1784 1960 2240 1050 1053 1059 1089 -hsync +vsync
then add this to the following command.

$ xrandr --newmode "1680x1050" 146.25 1680 1784 1960 2240 1050 1053 1059 1089 -hsync +vsync

(Notice how I took out the "_60.00" part after "1680x1050" above? It only works if you take out that refresh bit.)

$ xrandr --addmode VGA1 1680x1050

(This should add the new resolution you used to get, my monitor only gets to 1680x1050. The VGA1 is the connection type you get in the first command i mentioned. You might have something like hdmi1 or something.)


What URL should Munin be available at after default install?

It should be running on port 10000 by default, IIRC:

http://localhost:10000

And I think munin uses its own web server, not the system's webserver.


Weird characters at booting Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

This might sound crazy and maybe not the same thing but I was seeing this (but for me it was ^[[24~) for a couple of days. Sometimes it happened and sometimes it didn't.

It turned out to be that the F12 key on my notebook was loose and it pressed itself.

I fixed the key and the problem went away.


Searching for files on Kubuntu 18.04 doesn't work AT ALL!

I found this for you:

https://www.ryananddebi.com/2015/07/13/linux-getting-find-working-in-dolphin-on-kde-linux-mint-and-kubuntu/

If you aren't getting the error message, Baloo is installed, but needs a setting changed.

Or, you might install Catfish (which works from system menus, not inside dolphin) which I've found is very capable. It should install any dependencies so it works right out of the box.


unable to install ubuntu on alongside windows 10. Grub install /dev/sda failed

I experienced the same problem while trying to install Ubuntu 14.04 alongside Windows 8.1 Pro. However, make sure you uncheck Turn off secure boot, and then reboot your computer. After that press F8 or F2 depending on your computer, then make sure you boot in UEFI and not Legacy.

After installing Ubuntu, reboot the system. If it chooses Ubuntu automatically and didn't show the GRUB boot loader, this means you have to do one more step.

In Ubuntu, after logging in:

Connect to the Internet.
Open a new Terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T, then type the following commands (press Enter after each line):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

This boot manager will help uninstalling the old version of GRUB and reinstalling a new version of it. Just follow its steps.

I hope I solved your problem. If there's anything else, please leave a comment.


Activation of network connection failed Ubuntu 18.04

Check that your clock is set to the correct time/year. Sometimes network protocols "synchronize" based on system time and will refuse to authorize if the times are drastically out of sync:

Answer is from No Wifi - “Activation of network connection failed” Ubuntu 16.04 & 18.04


Can I use telephone jack for audio input and ouptut

RJ11 jacks are 4-pin phone jacks although some electronics out there can use the same type of connection BUT ARE NOT COMPATIBLE! Just because a plug fits, doesn't mean it will work.  user68186 may well be right and it could be an Ethernet port. A telephone jack will fit into an Ethernet port physically but the Ethernet socket will be bigger than the phone plug. That's because the Ethernet socket/plug were originally intended to allow the inner 4 wires to be used for phone and the outer 4 for Ethernet.
Look up the specs on your laptop and see what that port is if you can't identify what it is for. Then look up your headset (Google may steal your personal info but it is your "friend" when needing help) and see if it came with the RJ11 plug or if it was added later and what it was intended to plug into.


Why does `head` not want to give me the filename on top of the `find` list?

Here's an alternative that avoids heading and seding (and should also be safe for any legal filenames):

find /home/carl/music/rock/SE/ -name "*_" -printf '%A@\t%p\0' |
  sort -znk1,1 | { read -r -d '' t f; cp -v -- "$f" "/home/carl/playout_rock_SE/" ; }


It's a huge topic and it sounds like you're starting at the bottom. You need to understand what a filesystem is before you can hope to design one.

To the Kernel, a file or directory is just an inode tied to a superblock. The inode stores data location information as well as attributes about ownership, permissions, etc. That scopes out the data. Parallel to all this is a tree structure of dentries. These give filenames (hardlinks) and positions to inodes. Together links and nodes give you the filesystem that transforms from a path to naughts-and-ones.

That's a brutally quick skim but those are the elements you'd have to design. You can see from real examples (The Linux Kernel source is famously free) but there are some pretty decent documents out there:

Andries Brouwer: The Linux Virtual File System. Full-on but thorough.
Anatomy of the Linux file system. Not as thorough but good related links.
TLDP: Virtual File systems Very high level but explains what these elements actually do.

In practice though, if you needed to write a filesystem, you'd probably turn to something like fuse-python and write one in an an afternoon. Not as performant as proper filesystems, but quick to write for many tasks.


How to use custom fonts in the terminal on Ubuntu 20.04?

Found the answer - You can only use monospaced fonts in the GNOME terminal


I think ppa-purge can solve your problem
First, install it (if not already installed) :

  sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

second, use it to purge the ppa and revert all the packages from it to their ubuntu versions :
usage:

  sudo ppa-purge ppa:repository-name/subdirectory

example :
if i want to revert all the packages installed from ppa:blueman/ppa/

  sudo ppa-purge ppa:blueman/ppa/

P.S the purging process may take several minutes so be patient


WiFi (rtl8723be) unable to resolve DNS (17.04)

Step 1:
Checking Default route
Use one of these commands:

route -n

or

ip r

Ask a new IP address and amend the connection with the next command:

dhclient -v wlan0

Now, all should work fine!


Error getting file: -6: Not Supported [Ubuntu 14.04 & LG G3]

There are rules to naming files. A - is an illegal character at the front of a file name since it indicates that the next part of what is typed is an -option- to the command used. Example with touch (but also applies to cp or mv and other commands):

$ touch -1
$ touch: invalid option -- '1'
$ Try 'touch --help' for more information.

This works (the -- informs the system that there are no options but the - is part of the filename:)

$ touch -- -1
$

If you use different file system it is adviced to use a file name convention that is supported by both filesystems.

So analyzing your notice I would say that you should rename the file named -6 since the system assumes it is an option named -6 that is not part of the command used (ie. "not supported" as stated in the notice).

By the way: you should consider this a -bug- and report it to the maintainer of the software used. In my opinion that software should take care of this by using above method to end the instructions options to copy the files over to another system (in the same fashion a space will break the command if not taken into account since a space is considered the end of a filename and the start of a second filename if the filename is not surrounded by double-quotes).


Configure Deja Dup for your root backup: gksu deja-dup-preferences.
Run backup then with: gksu "deja-dup --backup".

At least this worked for me. (You have to configure Deja Dup for root, too, at first - next to your configuration for the "normal" user.)

As mythsmith says: "You can do that just for system folders, and still keep your home folder configured in your user account."


You must learn color escapes and bash prompt contruction.

For this follow this: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Color_Bash_Prompt


The wmctrl package offers access and manipulation of application windows and would do what you want. Install this little package first:

sudo apt-get install wmctrl

Here is the man page for wmctrl:
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man1/wmctrl.1.html

When you look at the command line switches, you will see that -a will raise and focus a window. In order to know which window to focus, make sure you have a Chromium window open, and then run

wmctrl -l

This will give you a list of all open windows and their titles. Chromium will most likely always have "Chromium" in the end of it's window title, so you can use that.

With this information at hand, you can construct your command for the shortcut. Open the Keyboard preferences, go to Shortcuts, click on Custom Shortcuts, click the + sign and enter:

Name: Focus Chromium Shortcut
Command: wmctrl -a 'Chromium'

I am using Unity and just tried this with Google Chrome, it did the trick. It should work in Gnome-Shell as well.

Pretty cool idea :)

DrTebi


Window grid keyboard shortcuts on Gnome Wayland?

After more searching I have found what I need. gTile offers grid tiling with configurable keyboard shortcuts for any position and size of tiling. Can be obtained from Ubuntu Software Centre, to configure keyboard shortcuts go to Ubuntu Software -> Installed -> Extension Settings. Configure presets under "Resize Presets" and configure keyboard shortcuts under "Accelerators"


Configure huawei e3372 4g dongle with Singtel Hi card 3g data on Ubuntu 18.04/Jetson nano project

I'm trying to do the same as you,I mean trying to configure the huawei e3372 4g dongle with a SIM inserted inside to connect the nano to internet using the mobile connection. Below you can see what happens in my case :
root@ziomario-desktop:~# lsusb
Bus 001 Device 012: ID 12d1:14dc Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
root@ziomario-desktop:~# mmcli -L
No modems were found
root@ziomario-desktop:~# sudo systemctl enable ModemManager sudo systemctl start ModemManager
Failed to enable unit: Unit file /lib/systemd/system/sudo.service is masked.


Why is Ubuntu 14.04 using too much RAM..?

I believe I just had the same problem and have now resolved it for myself. I believe that this issue is swap related.

I have also recently reinstalled 14.04 on whole disk and was previously using 13.10 successfully and well. I too noticed my that my ram was mostly staying around 1.2GB of use, just as stated in the person's question. I strongly suspect that the person probably used whole disk encryption which is a part of the Ubuntu install which likely caused this issue.

My symptoms were that occasionally Ubuntu would become almost complete unresponsive even with a typical light amount of open programs and activity, which had been performing acceptably on my old Ubuntu install. At first I thought it was Firefox or Software Center related.

Dell Optiplex 780 (small form factor/sff)

Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU E5300 @ 2.60GHz × 2

Memory 2GB (plan on upgrading to 8 or more very soon)

Video Intel® Q45/Q43

I noticed in the System Monitor program, that in the resources tab it showed swap as "not available" (or something along those lines). This was a fresh install of 14.04. I used whole disk encryption, and decided it was probably related to that. I checked for the existence of my swap partition in the Disks program, and saw that the swap partition did exist at least and seemed appropriate. It was called: /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1 which is correct.

I also confirmed it's existence in terminal with:

sudo fdisk -a

I did some googling and decided it may not have been activated as swap, even though the space was created, so I deactivated swap:

sudo swapoff -a

Then I told it to recognize that space as swap:

sudo mkswap /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1

Then I turned swap on:

sudo swapon -a

I then received a message about cryptsetup swap blah blah blah, which is appropriate, but I did NOT receive a message regarding /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1, despite having received one before I did these steps.

I reopened System Monitor and saw that it does indeed now recognize and use my swap space. Just for good measure, I restarted my computer, and it has been running quickly and normally again, just like before installing 14.04.

I think I may not have even noticed many problems had I not had such low RAM, which makes having swap space activated quite important.


What is the cheapest, most efficient printer that's compatible with Linux?

This is a rather open ended question so it is likely to be closed(by the mods, not by me), but to answer your question in a general sense before they do....

HP printers have a good reputation for working with linux.
I am currently using an HP2050 all-in-one and it work flawlessly with 12.04 worked with 11.10 and 11.04.

As far as the ink, that is rather subjective and depends on how much printing you do, I don't do a whole lot.  I can only say that it is much better on ink than my Lexmark all-in-one(which didn't work with Linux at all). The ink is about;

Black: $18 for the regular $30 for the high yield(they call it XXL, if I remember right
Color: $25 and $35 I believe, I have not had to buy color ink yet but I did look at it when buying black.
These were the ink prices at my local Dept. store, not sure online but likely cheaper by 20% or more....

I did research to find compatible printers when I needed one and found that most people recommended HP as the most compatible.  I bought my HP for under $50 if I remember right.

I did a quick search on  www.ubuntuforums.org and found this question, it is about 12.04 but still HP is the most recommended

Which (cheaper) printers work with ubuntu 12.4

Finally, in the post I linked to this link was included, I did a quick check of it and it will allow you to search by Manufacturer and or model # and will tell you how well it works with linux..... http://www.openprinting.org/printers


According to the manual, the monitor option is "on by default for interactive shells on systems that support it".

set -m      Monitor mode.  Job control is enabled.  This option is
                           on by default for interactive shells on systems that
                           support it (see JOB CONTROL above).  All processes run
                           in a separate process group.  When a background job
                           completes, the shell prints a line containing its exit
                           status.

To see if it's on, type set -o and look for the monitor line. If it is set to off, job control is disabled. Try typing set -m (or set -o monitor) to enable it. If that doesn't work, maybe your system doesn't support background jobs.


Background Intelligent Transfer Service in ubuntu

Background Intelligent Transfer Service is a proprietary solution developed by Microsoft for Windows only. It is not meant to be used or useful in a non-Windows OS.

For Ubuntu we may change the process priority of our download process, or we may use a Download Manager of our taste to shape network usage.


Boot drops into BusyBox/initramfs on Ubuntu 16.04.06 LTS

Apparently random failures like this are difficult to diagnose. A couple of things you can try are the following:

Re-download the ISO and re-create the USB stick. Then boot off of it and instead of "Try Ubuntu" select "Check disk integrity". Only if that's successful, try to actually boot off the stick.
Try using a different USB stick.
Try using a different USB port. (Especially on older hardware, sometimes not all ports boot properly.)

I'd also suggest you try using 18.04 and not the older 16.04, should you be hitting a kernel bug, that might be fixed. As you are using a i386 system, you unfortunately can't use the official 18.04 image, as Ubuntu dropped 32 bit support in 18.04. However different flavors still support it. If that's an option for you, you can find the flavors here.

Good luck!


After returning from suspend the keyboard and mouse doesn't respond

I had the exact same problem, I am assuming you are using a kernel newer than 3.12.
It happened to me after the kernel upgrade. The solution is to try another kernel.
Mine was fixed by downgrading to 3.12. LP told me it may be fixed if I upgrade to 3.15, but i did not try that.


How to prevent a new user from doing anything dangerous?

This is as designed. And worse. chmod 777 means... "I'd like the owner, anyone in his group, and anyone at all to have read, write and execute permissions"

Which is pretty terrible.

And for a web server, 777 is not optimal. 755 (Owner has full permissions group and others have read + execute)  is a common default but from what you've said you want at least read-write, or read-write execute for the owner (the web server user), and maybe the group, and no permissions for the user. There's a more complete questions on what appropriate permissions levels are on serverfault but consider something like 640 or 740.

that said, you could also put the user in his own little world - setting up chroot to keep the user in his own space in the system. There's guides floating around for doing this - for example oli's excellent answer here which may be an option depending on your needs.


setting up multiple wordpress sites on Ubuntu 14.04

The folder in which your file needs to be placed depends on your current DocumetRoot of your Apache configuration.

try this command on terminal

cat /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/*.conf

You get something like this

Now check for your DocumentRoot


LiveCD Ubuntu 12.04, can't open file "Kconfig"

Did you create the live CD or buy it? If you bought it then ship it back. If you created it as I did then retrace your steps and see if you made an error. I made my live CD with Daemon Tools Pro Advanced so if you have you can do as I did as I did if not buy it (34.99 euros, kinda pricey but worth it for the other possibilities) or look online for other options.

HOW TO: First download Ubuntu from the site--64-bit or 32-bit, your choice. Now you'll need to unzip the file and you'll wubi a few folders and a few files, take the Ubuntu .iso and mount it on any virtual drive and also insert DVD-R,  go into the Daemon Tools main console and and click "make disk image." Now let this run its process and once thats done u now have a disk image, all you have to do is take that DVD-R and pop it back in and press "Burn." Let that run its process and you now have shiny brand new Ubuntu live CD.

*If that doesn't work its your drive so your gonna have to get a new 1 or repair it, good luck.


It seems that you would like to make a backup/copy of data in one computer into another.

A very simple and secure solution might be using scp which is based on ssh.

scp sample command might look like:

scp -r /path/to/local/folder user@remotehost:/path/to/remote/folder

e.g.

Assuming that:

your username is shaji
You wan to copy files from 192.168.0.31 /home/shaji
To 192.168.0.32 into folder /backup/shaji/backup

You should run the following command on 192.168.0.31:

scp -r /home/shaji shaji@192.168.0.32:/home/shaji/backup

Note: You can run the scp command using crontab

  man scp

  scp — secure copy (remote file copy program)

  DESCRIPTION

 scp copies files between hosts on a network.  It uses ssh(1) for data
 transfer, and uses the same authentication and provides the same security
 as ssh(1).  Unlike rcp(1), scp will ask for passwords or passphrases if
 they are needed for authentication.

 File names may contain a user and host specification to indicate that the
 file is to be copied to/from that host.  Local file names can be made
 explicit using absolute or relative pathnames to avoid scp treating file
 names containing ‘:’ as host specifiers.  Copies between two remote hosts
 are also permitted.

 -r      Recursively copy entire directories.  Note that scp follows
         symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal.

There are some pre-requites:

sshd should run on the remote host
Setting password-less ssh access to remote host - see askubuntu Q&A


I am assuming you mean you want to disable the guest account on your computer. You can do this by opening a terminal and typing sudo gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf. A gedit(text editor) window will open. Find the portion of the document that starts with [SeatDefaults]. Find the line allow-guest and change it to allow-guest=false. Click save in gedit and close the terminal, then restart the computer. The guest option will no longer be at the login screen.


Use the top or first recovery mode you come to in Grub and then see what happens.  Maybe you will be lucky and fix it.


You can create your own repository on another local machine.
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LocalAptGetRepository


Your DNSMasq might be causing the DNS from the pihole to be overlooked.

Try disabling DNSMasq by commenting out the line dns=dnsmasq in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

You can comment it out by running the following line:

sudo bash -c 'sed -i "s/dns=/#dns=/" /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf'

Then you can check if the change took effect:

:~$ cat /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile,ofono
#dns=dnsmasq

[ifupdown]
managed=false

Then reboot the system for changes to take effect.  After the reboot, check with nslookup to see that DNSMasq no longer is serving DNS.  If the Server: line shows 127.0.1.1, that means that DNSMasq is still controlling DNS of the system.

:~$ nslookup google.com
Server:     10.0.0.1
Address:    10.0.0.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   google.com
Address: 216.58.217.14

As you can see, my router IP is 10.0.0.1 which means that DNS is controlled by my router instead of DNSMasq.

Hope this helps!


How to connect remotely to WD Book Live Duo using nfs?

Sounds like either their is a firewall blocking the connection (maybe ufw), but it is probably port forwarding that needs to be setup. To check if ufw is running

sudo ufw status

If the firewall is running disable the firewall as a test and try again

sudo ufw disable

If after the firewall is down and everything works, we just need to open up the ports on the firewall and try again.

sudo ufw allow 2049
sudo ufw allow 111

Now try again. If it is still not working we may have missed a port (so you may want to look into what ports nfs uses and open them up if we missed any)

If that's not your issue, then it's port forwarding. You will need to open port 2049   and 111 on the router so that outside connections get forwarded to the right computer. Each router has it's own way of doing it, but usually it is pretty straight forward. Search for "Your router make/model Port Forwarding".

Your basically telling your router to forward all connection requests to 2049 and 111 to the ip address of your nfs server. When your connected locally, the router is able to figure out everything on it's own, but over the internet- the forwarding needs to be setup. Again, if you have further issues, there may be other ports that need to be forwarded to work. Just remember to forward them to the IP address of the nfs server.


Why isn't my 11.04 system being upgraded? (because I want to test the latest code for Unity)

I found the following info on Launchpad for Natty, have a read through it and make sure your sources are pointing to the correct repositories.


I know this is an old post but I recently figured out how to do this myself after much searching, trial and error, etc.

I wrote a detailed tutorial which I posted on my blog.

Feel free to distribute!

http://raopinion.wordpress.com/2012/01/27/mayflash-n64-controller-adapter/


Is there a way to set Unity 3d's dock/launcher to be completely opaque like Unity 2d's?

As discussed in this question, you can adjust the background opacity if you use unity-df.


service nginx stop

and try now. I am guessing that you have installed the nginx which is using the port 80  and that is why the apache cannot work.

As for the domain you have to point this to the new IP..


What is the difference between the Sync to VBlank settings in Compiz and Nvidia X Server?

It appears that when you are using Compiz, Nvidia X Server settings' Vblank option does not work. If you are using Compiz then select the sync to VBlank in the Compiz Settings. Otherwise use Nvidia's setting. VBlank is useful for watching videos and playing games if you experience "screen tearing" which is horizontal lines occasionally distorting your video. Enabling Sync to VBlank will usually fix the screen tearing issues.


To see every command that runs during your shell's startup configuration, put

set -x

at the top and

set +x

at the bottom of both files ~/.profile and ~/.bashrc.

(Keep your text editor open so you can undo these changes easily!)

Then in a terminal, run:

$ bash --login

and see which command takes the most time.


Enabling Night Light permanently on Ubuntu 20.04

I'm not aware of any simple command line alternative, but you can keep Night Light on throughout the (24 hours) day using the Night Light Slider GNOME Shell extension. Its main purpose is to add a slider to the system menu to control Night Light's colour temperature:

But it also provides an option to enable Night Light all the time ('Enable always'):

This option actually periodically changes Night Light's schedule under the hood in order to  keep it activated all the time.
P.S. Refer to this Q&A to learn about installing and managing GNOME Shell extensions: How do I install and manage GNOME Shell extensions?


using youtube-dl to download entire youtube channel

This answer won't work on older versions of youtube-dl. You need to update youtube-dl to the latest version. You can either install the latest version of youtube-dl locally inside a Python virtual environment (virtualenv), or you can download the latest version of youtube-dl and install it with pip (sudo apt remove youtube-dl && sudo apt install python-pip && pip install --user youtube-dl). youtube-dl is also a snap package. To install it type:
sudo snap install youtube-dl # launch it with snap run youtube-dl
Open the terminal and type:
youtube-dl -f best -ciw -o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" -v <url-of-channel>

...where <url-of-channel> is replaced by the URL of the channel.
Note: If you are downloading a lot of videos, you should change directories to the directory where you want to save the videos before you start downloading them.
Explanation
-f, --format FORMAT
    video format code. The special name "best" will pick the best quality.

-c, --continue
    force resume of partially downloaded files

-i, --ignore-errors
    continue on download errors, for example to skip unavailable videos in a channel

-w, --no-overwrites
    do not overwrite files

-o, --output
    Output filename template, this example functions similarly to the old --title option

-v, --verbose
    print various debugging information


USB Wireless keyboard and wired mouse do not power on at system boot

I don't know the mouse you are using , is it a combo with the keyboard and only one receiver?

Also , you may want to look at HIDpoint which is the adaptation of the logitech drivers for linux : http://www.hidpoint.com/hidpoint/overview/overview.html


Where is an icon on the Kubuntu desktop stored?

Icon file paths

The KDE is following the Freedesktop icon theme specification https://specifications.freedesktop.org/icon-theme-spec/icon-theme-spec-latest.html . Directory layout: https://specifications.freedesktop.org/icon-theme-spec/icon-theme-spec-latest.html#directory_layout . From the Askubuntu: Where are icons stored? .

KDE4/Plasma4

Right clicking the desktop icon show an option to look the desktop file.

Either Properties > preview (Folder desktop).

or Icon Settings > properties (Default desktop).

If the icon can be found from the default locations then only the icon name will be shown.

If the icon is not at the default places then the whole path will be shown.

Finding things

Ubuntu find https://help.ubuntu.com/community/find

  locate - list files in databases that match a pattern, i.e. find
  inside updatedb's list

Ubuntu finding files https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FindingFiles

Command:

locate name.png

should show the location of the icon name.png - here it does.


Can I disable Launchpad from making the source of my package available?

No, it's not possible. The source will always be publicly available for any packages you build using Launchpad as a regular user.

What you want is only possible if you get a commercial subscription to Launchpad and use its "private PPA" option ($250/year).

If interested, please see:

https://answers.launchpad.net/launchpad/+faq/208
https://launchpad.net/+tour/join-launchpad#commercial


How to undo the deletion of a bluetooth device on Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS?

Make sure that your device is in discoverable mode. In your case:

Place the Powerbeats Pro earbuds in the case. Leave the case lid
open.
Press and hold the system button until the LED flashes.

Then follow the classic pairing steps. You should be able to pair it again.


iRedMail - Entered wrong mysql root password during install - how do I fix it?

Re-run the install script again with the proper password.

Edit: The install script needs to be run with

sudo ./iRedMail.sh


screen keeps black in ubuntu 13.10 when it must come out of sleep mode

try following code to disable the black screen as I mention in here.

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power active false
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver lock-enabled false
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver idle-activation-enabled false
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session idle-delay 0


Can an Android phone control Ubuntu like a remote?

If you install the xbmc packages (and use that environment), you can control your machine from android, because there is an app called xbmc remote in google play.
It works flawlessly for me.


ok, dave, since you posted as a search term ubuntu 11.10.. ill assume you are running Ubuntu 11.10.. :D

I am running also the same version, fully updated today, the version im running is 64-bits, but that shouldn't make the difference.

This is what i did to install netbeans 7.0.1 on my box:

1) Download Netbeans from their website: http://netbeans.org/downloads/index.html
choose freely the version you need. (dont try to install it yet)

2) Install from the repos the openjdk 6:  sudo apt-get install openjdk-6-jdk

3) run the netbeans installer you downloaded previously:

 $ sh /path_to_downloaded_file/netbeans-7.0.1-ml-linux.sh

or if you want to make it easier for the eye, "cd" to the place where you saved the download, (usually the Downloads folder) and :

$ sh netbeans-7.0.1-ml-linux.sh

The installer should launch and check for the JDK, it also shouldn't say anything about the JDK (it displays a warning message only if it doesn't finds it).

Now you should be able to follow the installer without any problems.

I just downloaded and installed the full version without issues following this steps:

  488  clear
  489  cd Downloads/
  490  ls
  491  sh netbeans-7.0.1-ml-linux.sh
  492  sudo apt-get install openjdk-6-jdk
  493  sh netbeans-7.0.1-ml-linux.sh
  494  history
your_user@host_name:~/Downloads$

I hope this works for you...

This is the reference where i found the solution that worked for me: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1873487&page=2

[Edit] Just in case, check the download checksum

$ md5sum netbeans-7.0.1-ml-linux.sh

It should return that it sais on the netbeans.org download page says, in my case thisis the output for the 204mb download:

$ md5sum netbeans-7.0.1-ml-linux.sh
3559ec7d1ce1d4bcafd7eea98cc9c648  netbeans-7.0.1-ml-linux.sh


Apparently this happens only if Xubuntu is freshly installed.

In Settings Manager one can enable accessibility, reboot, disable accessibilty, and reboot. Then this warning is permanently gone. It seems to be a miracle designed to bewilder innocent C programmers when they install Xubuntu 14.04.


No bootable device found after ubuntu install Aspire ES 14

Device boot requires the default media path - /efi/boot/bootx64.efi in the ESP partition order to boot.
So copy /efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi to /efi/boot/ and rename to bootx64.efi.
If you are using secure boot, /efi/ubuntu/shimx64.efi will need to be copied and renamed.
Note: you will need to temporarily remove the ESP flag in order to make this change.


Novell Suse SLES11 people think so, because this enterprise distribution skips write support for ext4 in favour of btrfs.
I've tested btrfs a couple of weeks ago (with a 3.0 kernel) and I managed get 2 snapshots that could not be removed, within 20 minutes experimenting.

I don't think you should trust your most valuable assets (photo's, music tracks, development files ...) to btrfs unless you are absolutely sure you have proper backups. If you don't need btrfs for its features, don't use it for other purposes than testing.


How can I suggest ideas to the "Ubuntu for phones" project?

Currently ubuntu phone is being developed inside the closed doors of canonical, so the community have no access to it. BTW you can send ideas directly to ubuntu mobile team or post it in brainstorm.ubuntucom


Cannot connect with SSH from iOS to Ubuntu 20.04

The error message you receive means that your client is able to send an SSH connection request to your destination with all of your parameters correctly, yet the server does not respond to it.
Two main reasons for such error message:

Your remote machine has a firewall rule that does not allow you to connect to it. In most cases  it is a simple rule, and may be solved by creating a ufw  allow rule using sudo ufw allow 22.
If you would like to close this TCP port again, use sudo ufw deny 22.

Your server in not accessible due to connectivity issues or wrong network configurations on your remote machine and / or private networks.


Usually in Linux world all user's own data and configurations are placed in home directory /home/username/
For example Firefox save its profile data in /home/username/.mozilla/firefox/profilename.default

So to backup or sync application data between computers you need to find where it stored in your home directory and just copy application's data directories to another computer.
Of course you need to have installed your applications on both computers.


Why does Chromium report NXDOMAIN when a domain resolves successfully

See launchpad bugs 1804487 and 1805027 for the systemd-resolve problem. Workarounds
1) Add package libnss-resolve.
2) Use a nameserver directly in /etc/resolve.conf s link (or redirect link from /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolve.conf to /run/systemd/resolve/resolve.conf


You can use python -V (et al.) to show you the version of Python that the python command resolves to. If that's all you need, you're done. But to see every version of python in your system takes a bit more.

In Ubuntu we can check the resolution with readlink -f $(which python). In default cases in 14.04 this will simply point to /usr/bin/python2.7.

We can chain this in to show the version of that version of Python:

$ readlink -f $(which python) | xargs -I % sh -c 'echo -n "%: "; % -V'
/usr/bin/python2.7: Python 2.7.6

But this is still only telling us what our current python resolution is. If we were in a Virtualenv (a common Python stack management system) python might resolve to a different version:

$ readlink -f $(which python) | xargs -I % sh -c 'echo -n "%: "; % -V'
/home/oli/venv/bin/python: Python 2.7.4

This is real output.

The fact is there could be hundreds of different versions of Python secreted around your system, either on paths that are contextually added, or living under different binary names (like python3).

If we assume that a Python binary is always going to be called python<something> and  be a binary file, we can just search the entire system for files that match those criteria:

$ sudo find / -type f -executable -iname 'python*' -exec file -i '{}' \; | awk -F: '/x-executable; charset=binary/ {print $1}' | xargs readlink -f | sort -u | xargs -I % sh -c 'echo -n "%: "; % -V'
/home/oli/venv/bin/python: Python 2.7.4
/media/ned/websites/venvold/bin/python: Python 2.7.4
/srv/chroot/precise_i386/usr/bin/python2.7: Python 2.7.3
/srv/chroot/trusty_i386/usr/bin/python2.7: Python 2.7.6
/srv/chroot/trusty_i386/usr/bin/python3.4: Python 3.4.0
/srv/chroot/trusty_i386/usr/bin/python3.4m: Python 3.4.0
/usr/bin/python2.7: Python 2.7.6
/usr/bin/python2.7-dbg: Python 2.7.6
/usr/bin/python3.4: Python 3.4.0
/usr/bin/python3.4dm: Python 3.4.0
/usr/bin/python3.4m: Python 3.4.0
/web/venvold/bin/python: Python 2.7.4

It's obviously a pretty hideous command but this is again real output and it seems to have done a fairly thorough job.


how can I identify usb devices in virtualbox?

Open your terminal and write the following command.

sudo su

Enter your password. Then run the following commands:

$ apt install virtualbox virtualbox-guest-additions-iso
$ apt install virtualbox-ext-pack
$ usermod -G vboxusers -a mir

In the last command, instead of mir use your admin account name such as nick, peter, etc.

Finally, reboot your PC.


Ubuntu 18.04.3 doesn't recognize external hard drive or flashdrive on my Dell Studio 1558

The first place to start looking is always at previous posts on the topic... even a post for Ubuntu 16.04 and older will have relevent information, as this is a common issue. Search the forums for "external drive not recognized".

Next, without having details on the type of external drive (OP should edit post to include format of the drives - NTFS, exFAT etc.) the output of "dmesg", to see what your kernel says about the drive after it is plugged in, is the next step:

~/> dmesg | tail -n 10
[15311.006693] usb 1-1.2.4.5: new high-speed USB device number 18 using ehci-pci
<snip...>
[15311.100736] usb 1-1.2.4.5: Product: Storage Media
<snip...>
[15312.342990] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[15312.349159]  sdb: sdb1
[15312.351872] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk

Where you want to see the bit telling you that the system has detected the partition on the drive correctly - see "sdb: sdb1" above. Then you can go look at format support, and auto-mounting issues.


My computer is 7 years old Lenovo G560 Intel i5, 8gb ram, 120 gb Samsung SSD disk. SSD is connected to old Sata 2 interface. Write speed is about 100 MB/s. I'm using XUbuntu 16 and boot speed is about 15 seconds, shutdown speed is about 5 seconds. If you use SSD disk your boot time will decrease.

And I'm using /tmp folder in RAM. Add this line to /etc/fstab and restart your system then your boot and shutdown times must be decrease.

tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,nosuid,nodev,exec,mode=1777,size=1024M 0 0

And this site may help some issues about that how to tweak ubuntu:

https://sites.google.com/site/easylinuxtipsproject/speed

How to speed up your boot on Ubuntu 16.04


Unable to complete Android Studio installation in Ubuntu 14.10

Did you happen to try to install Android Studio using this?:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-make

I haven't had any problems with that method so I would suggest using it.


Slow Fresh Ubuntu 18.10 (Cosmic Cuttlefish)

Try logging in from another console with ctrl + alt + F1. It'll be the same user & password you created during install.  Is your input still lagged in a separate console?

Try looking for anything eating up memory or processors with top
ctrl + c to exit

While you're there, do sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

You can switch back to an xserver with ctrl + alt + F7

If that doesn't solve the problem, I would probably try the install again, just to see if something went wrong with that.


"Failed to open audio output" error when trying to send audio from mpd to pulseaudio

Finally, better than pulseaudio daemon mode, the best solution is there:  it is about running mpd as yourself (and not mpd user) so you have no problem to use your own session pulseaudio.

A  different answer , but  tested and  also working:
 configure pulseaudio to run as "daemon mode" instead of the standard "user mode"

in a terminal, run
sudo  gedit /etc/init/pulseaudio.conf
then uncomment line 20 removing # to get:
start on runlevel [2345]
save and quit gedit.
Run this 2 commands in a terminal:
sudo usermod -aG pulse,pulse-access mpd
sudo usermod -aG pulse,pulse-access your-login
In the 2nd command, replace "your-login"

Now reboot: hopefully , it will work.

Note: For info, this page lists reasons why you must avoid pulseaudio daemon mode, but i find it ok on a single user pc (especially I see no more cpu/memory usage than user mode).


Why does dpkg give a "Broken pipe" error while installing an update?

Use the main server

sudo sed -i 's/mirror.os6.org/archive.ubuntu.com/' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update

Remove the vivid-proposed repositories:

sudo sed -i '/vivid-proposed/d' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -f


scripts in rc.local block starting up system

Main reason is because by its nature it is sequential.

What you have to understand is that /etc/rc.local exists for compatibility with the old SysV init system for bringing up services, and SysV originally started out as sequential system way back in the good old days of AT&T Unix. As chaos explains in his answer:

  SysV executes the scripts in sequential order based on their number in the filename. Systemd doesn't. If dependencies are met, systemd runs the scripts immediately, without honoring the numbering of the script names.

Second reason is that rc.local in itself is a script ( noticed the #!/bin/sh -e line ?). The scripts by nature are sequential as well, so if one command haven't finished or haven't been put into background - the script will have to wait for program A to do its mumbo jumbo or fail entirely before anything else can happen. Besides, notice the comments at the top of the file:

# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.

So your sslocal -c /home/kinka/azure.conf simply holds the system hostage and doesn't let the script exit and complete system boot. That's all.


Where do I install a .desktop launcher for my Showdown app?

The requirement that application has to install in /opt has few exceptions. And as it's because of ARB submissions guidelines, you can check this page for more details.

According to it, one of exceptions to the /opt rule is the .desktop file. So you can go ahead and install it to /usr/share/applications, as long as you add a "extras-" prefix to it's name.


Bluetooth working in a HP laptop but not detecting any device in Ubuntu 20.04

For other people that might have the same issue, I found the drivers at https://devid.info/ru/68560, by searching my laptop model and then I followed the instructions of the post that @Pilot6 mentioned in his answer: Bluetooth Broadcom 43142 isn't working


If the processes are both launched independently, we should assume that each process would run as if no other "twin" process is started (as long as they don't need to control the same resources, e.g. files). I think this is the case for most simple programs without GUI or any need to care about multiple instances.

However, the system can avoid this and share constant static data between all process instances. This data can consist of the binary code, constants, shared libraries, etc...

Additionally, when you only care about physical RAM usage, you also have to think about the swap. Linux will push rarely used data to the swap partition/file on the hard disk to free some faster RAM as cache.

So to conclude: It is hard to tell how much memory will be used by many equal processes, because the kernel optimizes the usage by sharing constant data between the different instances, but you can be almost sure that it will be less than n times the usage of one single process.


The only client that comes to mind is Ices0 the predecessor of Ices2.

Unfortunately Ices0 was deprecated at version 0.4. After Medibuntu also stopped their service there is no repository and there may be no DEBIAN package available for Ices0. You will have to compile from source.

Because of it's deprecated state there will be no way to predict it's behaviour with future  releases of Icecast2. I could not test on a present release but I was able to run Ices0 fine in previous version on Ubuntu 12.04 and earlier.

Ices0 source comes with a good documentation, and we are quite versatile with palylists, as it supports playlist handling via custom Perl or Python plugins.


How to always show passwords typed into the terminal?

This can be done by editing a file sudo nano /etc/sudoers.tmp

Scroll down to the line Defaults env_reset and add ,pwfeedback

Press Ctrl + o to save, Ctrl + x to exit.


Is it possible to run Ubuntu installer from hard drive partition?

You always need some boot loader to boot.

BIOS boots from MBR, UEFI boots from efi partition.

But you can create backup bootable flash drives with just grub to boot any system anywhere on system or flash drive.

This will boot an ISO from a hard drive or any second drive
ISO Booting with Grub 2 from Hard drive - drs305

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot

Examples - you may copy & edit for your path & ISO version

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot/Examples

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1549847

I do above for my hard drive and all my flash drives (which my system sees as another hard drive). And each version of grub can boot multiple partitions or drives, with possible minor editing for correct location but not full grub rescue boot commands.


Your output clearly shows that the blacklist setting works. "control = on" means that autosuspend is disabled. I guess it will even stay that way if you disable TLP or uninstall it, because its the kernel default for most drivers.

Probably your problem is not related to power saving but to some kernel driver malfunction. I suggest you check dmesg outputs.

ps. blacklisting is redundant in your case, because TLP excludes usbhid anyway.


Alias substitution for a string to use it in a terminal command

You can't do it like this because /home/user/ is not a command. It't more like a static string.

From man bash (somewhere at line 1984):

  Aliases  allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
      the first word of a simple command.

In your case, execloc will never be the first word of a simple command.

But, instead to define execloc as an alias, you can define it as an environment variable:

export execloc='/home/user/'

And then you can use it everywhere you want as follow:

cd $exeloc/temp/somefolder


How can I turn on Wobbly Windows on Ubuntu Mate 18.04?

First of all you need to switch window decorator to Compiz in mate-tweak.

Then install CompizConfig Settings Manager

sudo apt install compizconfig-settings-manager

and launch it with ccsm, confirm usage, enter wobbly in search bar, click checkbox near it and confirm disable of Snapping Windows plugin:

and enjoy:


I installed sublimetext using the ppa method and Package control with the "simple method" described here, it works out of the box with Ubuntu 13.10 (Unity).

To reproduce your problem I tried to force LANG-C to start sublimetext by modifying the .desktop file. I think you could try the same tweak to start it by this time forcing LANG=en_US.UTF-8:

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/sublime-text.desktop

And copy the following lines into the file:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Sublime Text
GenericName=Text Editor
Comment=Sophisticated text editor for code, markup and prose
Exec=bash -c "LANG=en_US.UTF-8 /opt/sublime_text/sublime_text %F"
Terminal=false
MimeType=text/plain;
Icon=sublime-text
Categories=TextEditor;Development;Utility;
StartupNotify=true
Actions=Window;Document;

X-Desktop-File-Install-Version=0.21

[Desktop Action Window]
Name=New Window
Exec=bash -c "LANG=en_US.UTF-8 /opt/sublime_text/sublime_text -n"
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

[Desktop Action Document]
Name=New File
Exec=bash -c "LANG=en_US.UTF-8 /opt/sublime_text/sublime_text --command new_file"
OnlyShowIn=Unity;


Ubuntu unstable login after upgrade to Radeon Vega 56

This is no official GUI to overclock your GPU.

But, https://github.com/BoukeHaarsma23/WattmanGTK seems to be what you're looking for.
https://github.com/marazmista/radeon-profile is another alternative

Cheers


Display month as numbers instead of words

You can achieve that using gsettings in the following way. Open your terminal and type in the following commands as displayed below:

gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.datetime show-clock true
gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.datetime time-format custom
gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.datetime custom-time-format "%a %m/%d/%y"

Result: Tue 4/25/17

Source:

Here you will can get other format strings that can also be used.

https://chrisjean.com/customize-ubuntu-unity-time-date-indicator/


can I find the kernel version in system logs

The kernel version is written to the file /var/log/dmesg.

The information is written into the third line.

Example:

[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
[    0.000000] Linux version 2.6.24-16-server (buildd@palmer) (gcc version 4.2.3 (Ubuntu 4.2.3-2ubuntu7)) #1 SMP Thu Apr 10 13:58:00 UTC 2008 (Ubuntu 2.6.24-16.30-server)


Where do I get the AppArmor 2.4 compatibility patch?

There are two ways:

You can find the patches for various kernel versions in the kernel-patches directory in the sources of the package apparmor:

 apt-get source apparmor

You can grab the patches directly from the web (replace precise with whatever version you are running).


Completely disable the volume OSD in Gnome

I've managed to find an alternative solution to this problem that bypassed the Gnome volume OSD completely, though it might not work for all.

I've simply removed the Gnome keyboard shortcuts for the volume control, and instead created some custom keyboard shortcuts that run a command. The commands I've used are simply:

Volume Up pactl set-sink-volume 0 +5%
Volume Down pactl set-sink-volume 0 -5%
Mute pactl set-sink-volume 0 0%

It's not ideal, as I can't unmute with the mute key, but it solves the immediate problem.


It should be noted that dist-upgrade is just updating all your packages. Bit of a misnomer.

Give this a try!

In a nutshell, run

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

to update all packages, then

sudo apt-get install update-manager-core
sudo do-release-upgrade

to do the actual update to 13.10

Otherwise,

Get your files out (using a Live USB/CD)
and reinstall from a 13.10 Live USB/CD.

If I helped please upvote/choose answer.


Broken Splash boot screen with significant performance and freezing issues

Ok, to start off:
1) can you get a terminal to open? (ctrl+alt+F3)
2) if so, at the command line, type either:

sudo apt-get install -f

OR

sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh -a

1st option is fairly quick, 2nd option could take some time, your choice, they both repair system dependencies.
source: http://www.unixmen.com/reinstall-ubuntu-with-one-command/

2) if you can't get into a terminal:
3) make a boot-disk(if you already have one with your current version on it, great)
4) boot the computer up, with usb(or cd, depending on what media you have) set as the 1st boot option.
5) click install Ubuntu, follow instructions until it asks what sort of install you want.
6) select repair current installation

The above should resolve your problems. If it does, I would uninstall virtualbox until you're a bit more familiar with the system, but to each their own.

sudo apt-get remove virtualbox


How do I increase the icon size in Unity?

Changing the icon size

Install compizconfig-settings-manager.
Hit Alt+F2, type about:config and hit Enter to open the Unity configuration.
In the Experimental tab, there is a slider to set the Launcher icon size:

Removing Apps Available for Download

Unfortunately, this isn't currently possible.


Disable battery critically low message Gnome 3

I had the same issue with my ASUS ROG G751J and tried a number of solutions without success. It's almost impossible to get a replacement battery, so I ended up solving this by unplugging the battery. There is a number of videos on YouTube showing how to replace the battery, I followed along until the point where you lift up the keyboard, I could then get to the battery cable to unplug it without having to unplug any of the other ribbons (I did not remove the battery entirely as it's just too much hassle).


How can I install Wine without Internet?

While this may not be the only dependency you will need, you can find the libgettextpo0 from here. Double click on the file in Ubuntu and click install. You need to do this before you install wine.

On this page you can also search for packages so if you see you have more dependencies you might have to go back to this page. Type the name of the dependency in the search box, download it and repeat.


Cisco Anyconnect: Is there anyway to save password, username and VPN address?

In order to fix this you can add a profile for Cisco AnyCOnnect Secure Mobility Client.

In my case this implied adding a profile.xml in /opt/cisco/anyconnect/profile having a configuration like:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<AnyConnectProfile xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/encoding/">
<ServerList>
     <HostEntry>
          <User>your username</User>
          <HostName>your hostname</HostName>
          <HostAddress>you host url</HostAddress>
     </HostEntry>
</ServerList>
</AnyConnectProfile>


How to change FileSystem from, msdos to ext3/ext4 on a specific drive

You could try this:

 fmsdos /dev/sda ext3

and it might work fine this way.