Why does Ubuntu use two window managers: Compiz and Metacity?

They're not used at the same time but I can see the cause of the confusion.

Metacity handles lightweight composting and also does window decorations.
Compiz only does the window management garb and hands off window decoration to gtk-window-decorator or emerald. By default gtk-window-decorator is used to emulate the current Metacity theme but it also has its own cairo-based themes.

So while they might look similar in some aspects, apart from the actual theme files used, they're very different underlying code.
But why have both at all?
Because Compiz needs better hardware to run. Lots of people still don't have hardware that supports DRI, so Ubuntu includes both to give everybody a desktop.


How do I auto-login as root into the TTY upon boot?

source: http://linux.koolsolutions.com/2009/04/30/autologin-linux-console-mode.

I have gotten it to work, but it is slightly different on Ubuntu.

First install mingetty:

sudo apt-get install mingetty

Edit /etc/init/tty1.conf:

Change:

exec /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1

To:

exec /sbin/mingetty --autologin root --noclear tty1

Reboot and test.

This worked for me on Ubuntu 12.04, if this works for you and you need more tty's to autologin start changing tty2.conf - tty6.conf and you should be good to go.


How to enable 'Tab'bing in Unity Dash (12.04)

Ctrl-Tab Move to the next lens (When the dash is open)
Ctrl-Shift-Tab Move to the previous lens (when the dash is open)

See this link for more details. LINK HERE!!

I really encourage you to look at that link, there's several people who have made screen shots or guides for the new shortcuts. There's also a working tool where you can hold the super key a little longer and it pops up a guide. (Not sure if that's implimented yet, I want to check when I get home though.)

Hope this works for you.
Cheers.


I beleive you should use different mac than your host. In bridged mode, your vm acts like a phsical computer on your network and there should NOT be two computer with same mac address.


I'd start by checking /var/log for extensively large files.
Boot a Live-USB, mount your system volume (or the appropriate volume, where /var/log resides) and check file-sizes. If you find very large files in there, I'd suggest checking the contents with the tail command (eg. tail -n 100 /var/log/large_file, where -n 100 is the amount of lines of the end of the files to get output) to see whats going on in there, as opening in a normal editor may take a while and eventually fill your RAM.
If its not the log-files, another very useful tool is QDirStat: it shows how much space is in use by all the subdirs of a given starting directory. It's not installed by default, but should be in the universe repository, if I am not mistaken.
As an alternative to QDirStat, you can try du from a live-USB. Again, mount your affected system volume, then:
sudo du -sh /mountpoint/of/your/system gives you a summary (-s) in human readable format (-h) of disk usage of your folders. From there you can manually iterate down the largest folders by repeating the command and adapting the given path.


How to recover data from a drive that was erased during the Ubuntu installation?

I saw questions like that 2 times today:
Yes. You have lost them.

If you are good at linux:

DO NOT USE UBUNTU YOU JUST INSTALLED! (Tmp files WILL overwrite you data)
Make a Knoppix live CD/USB/DVD/whatever and boot from it.
Mount all you disks (If it didnt do it automaticaly)
Open up console and launch "testdisk". (You will find it easy to use)
Recover everything you can/want to USB or Portable HD but not to newly installed Ubuntu

But if you aren't good with Linux enough (as i see) then you better bring it to service that will do this for you.


Low disk space and partition problem on dual booted system

Using the du command you can quickly narrow down where your space is being taken up.  With the following command you can ignore other filesystems like mount points that may not be relevant in your search and also return only the top directory of the largest folders.  They are then sorted with the largest at the bottom in my opinion making it easier to see the largest ones.

sudo du -hxd 1 / | sort -h

Examples:

$ sudo du -hxd 1 / | sort -h

Returns (and I am truncating these lists because they are long):

32M /etc
132M    /boot
455M    /root
757M    /lib
1.4G    /opt
8.1G    /var
21G /usr
67G /home
98G /

In the above, we can see that /home is the largest because the / is the total of the drive.

Now, looking in my home folder we should be able to narrow down more:

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ sudo du -hxd 1 /home | sort -h
937M    /home/share
67G /home
67G /home/terrance

Now we see that my home folder itself is the largest.

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ sudo du -hxd 1 /home/terrance | sort -h
802M    /home/terrance/.config
1.1G    /home/terrance/cuda_samples
1.5G    /home/terrance/MacCrap
2.5G    /home/terrance/.cache
4.1G    /home/terrance/ROMS
7.8G    /home/terrance/.PlayOnLinux
11G /home/terrance/.steam
14G /home/terrance/.local
22G /home/terrance/Downloads
67G /home/terrance

Now we can see that my Downloads and .local folders are the largest.  I am not worried about my Downloads right now, but the .local seems kind of large.  Lets look further:

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ sudo du -hxd 1 /home/terrance/.local | sort -h
8.0K    /home/terrance/.local/.AppleDouble
40K /home/terrance/.local/bin
344M    /home/terrance/.local/lib
13G /home/terrance/.local/share
14G /home/terrance/.local

The share folder is taking up the most here.  Lets look further:

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ sudo du -hxd 1 /home/terrance/.local/share | sort -h
11M /home/terrance/.local/share/tracker
13M /home/terrance/.local/share/fish
57M /home/terrance/.local/share/supertuxkart
145M    /home/terrance/.local/share/akonadi
517M    /home/terrance/.local/share/baloo
13G /home/terrance/.local/share
13G /home/terrance/.local/share/gnome-boxes

Well, gnome-boxes is pretty large.  That is a VM program (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Boxes) that I removed a while back but it looks as though the image that I created is still hanging around.  I am going to delete it: WARNING: Never remove a folder or file that you are unsure of as you might crash your system.

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ rm -rf /home/terrance/.local/share/gnome-boxes

Now when I run the original command again I get that only 86G is used now:

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ sudo du -hxd 1 / | sort -h
455M    /root
757M    /lib
1.4G    /opt
8.1G    /var
21G /usr
55G /home
86G /

Hopefully this might help you determine where all your space is being used and what you can remove from your system safely to regain unused space.


Ubuntu 18.04 problems with DNS not working for local network devices

Try changing DNS servers in NetworkManager (System settings -> Network).

Alternatively you can try to set DNS servers in systemd-resolved

sudo editor /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

Uncomment DNS= part and type your DNS servers space-separated.

Then restart systemd-resolved:

sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service

   DNS=
       A space-separated list of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to use as system DNS servers. DNS
       requests are sent to one of the listed DNS servers in parallel to suitable per-link
       DNS servers acquired from systemd-networkd.service(8) or set at runtime by external
       applications. For compatibility reasons, if this setting is not specified, the DNS
       servers listed in /etc/resolv.conf are used instead, if that file exists and any
       servers are configured in it. This setting defaults to the empty list.

Read more at https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/artful/man5/resolved.conf.5.html


How do I change Gwibber themes or column settings?

Unfortunately, you cannot.

This version of Gwibber was rewritten from the ground up, so while it has some slick features, it still misses some of its old features, which will probably return in the future if possible, but might not depending on the capabilities of the toolkit and the wishes/abilities of the developer(s).


you can try to download at the link below:
http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/searchModule


What are some methods to fix a broken Unity *session* (no re-login)

The Secret Command to Reset Ubuntu Desktop to Default Settings:

dconf reset -f /

Reset Unity:

unity --reset

Reset Unity Launcher icons:

unity --reset-icons

Reset Compiz in Ubuntu 11.04 or newer:

gconftool-2 --recursive-unset /apps/compiz-1
gconftool-2 --recursive-unset /apps/compizconfig-1
unity --reset

You can also try:

rm -rf ~/.config/compiz-1/compizconfig/*

Restart Ubuntu’s Unity Without Logging Out :

Option 1:

unity --replace

Option 2:

dconf reset -f /org/compiz/
setsid unity

Reinstall unity :

sudo apt-get -f install && sudo apt-get --reinstall install unity

Edit :

Some other fixes :

export DISPLAY=:0
sudo dconf reset -f /org/compiz/
setsid unity

And :

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
DISPLAY=:0 ccsm &

Reinstall ubuntu desktop as last resort :

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install unity
sudo shutdown -r now


Accidentally disabled the monitor, how can I reverse this?

If you know your account password, this is going to be (thankfully) easy to fix.

Press the Ctrl+Alt+F1 keys on your keyboard all at the same time. You will be transported to a TTY (or a giant terminal without any fancy graphics).
Log in to your user account. Note that you must know your username and password.
Delete the monitor config file:

rm ~/.config/monitors.xml

Log out of the tty with the logout or exit command, and press Ctrl+Alt+F7 to get back to the GUI.
Log in as normal, and enjoy having your screen back.

The monitors.xml file contains practically all information about your own monitor configuration. Unfortunately, this gets annoying. And, as this file is owned by your user, you must either be your user or root.

If for some reason you can't reach the TTY, you'll need to reboot into recovery mode. Follow the instructions in that post until you see root@something:~#. Then, run this command:

rm /home/<your_username>/.config/monitors.xml

Then, reboot your system using the reboot command.


(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d\.){3}25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d

This pattern does not include word boundaries or start/end of string anchors, so depending on the context of usage, you may need to wrap the pattern in these.

Pattern breakdown:

(?:         #start non-capturing group
  25[0-5]   #match 250 through 255
  |         #or
  2[0-4]\d  #match 200 through 249
  |         #or
  1\d\d     #match 100 through 199
  |         #or
  [1-9]?\d  #match 0 through 99
  \.        #match a literal dot
){3}        #end of non-capturing group and require three repetitions of the same pattern
25[0-5]   #match 250 through 255
|         #or
2[0-4]\d  #match 200 through 249
|         #or
1\d\d     #match 100 through 199
|         #or
[1-9]?\d  #match 0 through 99


Snap Store is not coming up in UBUNTU 20.04

Following things done to restore snap-store, but still looks buggy.

Uninstall snapd and snap-store
Install snapd and snap-store
Update existing candidate
sudo snap refresh snap-store --channel=latest/stable/ubuntu-20.04  (Thank you @doug for the steps)

I could get back snap-store on Ubuntu 20.04


System error dialog box keeps popping up

open terminal CTRL +ALT + T

then write

nano /var/log/syslog

(location of your systems error logs)
Find the time stamp, when these errors occur and paste it here.


The instructions you have linked are for servers where Network Manager is not installed. In such cases, manual methods, in part /etc/network/interfaces, are the methods used to set up networking. On the other hand, in a desktop installation, one with the networking applet, Network Manager controls networking, not manual methods.

In such cases, in order to set a static IP, right-click the applet, also known as the Network Manager icon and select Edit Connections. Edit eth0, in your case, and select IPv4. Change the method to Manual. Fill in your selections and don't forget DNS nameservers. In most cases, the address of the router is sufficient for DNS. Also, be sure to use a static IP address outside the range used by the router for DHCP.

Please see: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zXKEt3vxNg4/T58h-Cm1HJI/AAAAAAAAAjs/uOC0tCLcS4w/s1600/ScreenHunter_02%2BApr.%2B30%2B16.37.gif


E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) problem with dpkg?

There's a bug on LaunchPad for this here, there's been a work around suggested in comment #4 which is.

sudo apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-overwrite" install gdb-arm-none-eabi`


Unable to locate package linux-image-extra-4.15.0-46-generic

The kernel you're trying to install isn't from xenial, but from bionic 18.04.02 LTS release. 4.15.0-46-generic is probably a backport from bionic to xenial ...

https://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/kernel/linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-46-generic . Modules-extra, not image-extra ...

The latest kernel from xenial is:

mtodorov@croartia:~$ uname -r
4.4.0-142-generic

https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/kernel/linux-image-4.15.0-46-generic, however,  appears as supported.

https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/kernel/linux-image-extra-4.4.0-141-generic is available in the repository [security].


Sorting each column and getting their corresponding key IDs in the first row for the bottom 2 values

Use csvsql from csvkit:

paste \
<(csvsql -d ' ' -S  --query "select key_ID as "col_1" from file order by col_1 limit 2" file) \
<(csvsql -d ' ' -S  --query "select key_ID as "col_2" from file order by col_2 limit 2" file) \
<(csvsql -d ' ' -S  --query "select key_ID as "col_3" from file order by col_3 limit 2" file)

Output:

col_1   col_2   col_3
AA      AA      AA
DD      BB      CC

You should be able to install csvkit via pip:

sudo apt install python-pip
sudo pip install csvkit


bash script to run a second command with select output from first command as variable

Using grep with PCRE (-P):

lspci | grep -Po '^\s*\K\S+(?=\s+VGA\s)'

and

lspci -v -s 00:01.0 | grep -Po '^\s*\K\S+(?=\s+VGA\s)'

^\s* matches zero or more whitespaces at the start and \K discards the match, this is to tackle the second case where there are spaces at the start
\S+ matches any number of non-whitespace characters, this is our desired portion
The zero width positive lookahead pattern, (?=\s+VGA\s), ensures that the desired match is floowed by VGA after whitespaces after the desired portion.

To save the output in a variable, use command substitution ($()):

value=$(lspci | grep -Po '^\s*\K\S+(?=\s+VGA\s)')

Similarly:

value=$(lspci -v -s 00:01.0 | grep -Po '^\s*\K\S+(?=\s+VGA\s)')

Now you can get the value by $value.

Example (on my system):

$ lspci | grep -Po '^\s*\K\S+(?=\s+VGA\s)'
00:02.0

$ lspci -v -s 00:02.0 | grep -Po '^\s*\K\S+(?=\s+VGA\s)'
00:02.0


HP Envy AH0003na touchscreen not working on Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS

I have the same problem and HP have refused to help.

This is the output of xinput:

⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad                id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HP Wide Vision HD Camera: HP Wi           id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard              id=10   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HP Wireless hotkeys                       id=12   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HP WMI hotkeys                            id=13   [slave  keyboard (3)]

This is the output of lsusb:

Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0781:5591 SanDisk Corp.
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 8087:0a2a Intel Corp.
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 04f2:b655 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub


bumblebee installation with trusty Ubuntu on Geforce GTX960M on notebook MSIGE722QC Apache

No you do not have to install bumblebee - nvidia-prime is the replacement to switch the GPUs.

Use the NVIDIA X Server Settings application (Prime Profiles) to switch between the two GPUs.

In case this does not work, uninstall every NVIDIA related software ... so - boot your computer ...

When the GRUB boot menu appears : Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and  press the E key.
Add the nouveau.modeset=0 parameter to the end of the linux line ... Then press F10 to boot.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1.

Update : Enter your user name and password - then execute :

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo apt-get purge nvidia* bumblebee
sudo ppa-purge ppa:bumblebee/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo reboot

Now install the latest available official stable NVIDIA drivers 358.16 from the short-lived branch.

When the GRUB boot menu appears : Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and  press the E key.
Add the nouveau.modeset=0 parameter to the end of the linux line ... Then press F10 to boot.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1.

Update : Enter your user name and password - then execute :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-358 nvidia-prime
sudo reboot


my hard drive has errors, how to copy it to another drive

In this case, the only option left would be ddrescue. Just download and boot a live system, connect a drive to transfer the files and run ddrescue.


Is there any way to stop a window's title bar merging with the panel when maximised?

You can disable window maximize to title bar when a titlebar is dragged near to the Unity Top/Superior bar.

Visit: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1743309
( Note post #6 by stevecomrie )

  Open CompizConfig Settings Manager
  Click on the "Grid" in the "Window Management" category
  Click on the "Edges" tab
  Open the "Resize Actions" drop down
  Change the "Top Edge" drop down to "None"
  Close CompizConfig and you're all done.

This is only a partial solution.  Some applications will still launch themselves into the merged state when you run them.  And, you can still inadvertantly cause a merge by double-clicking on the title bar of an an unmerged application.  Anybody with a clue as to how to completely disable any and all variations of unity panel merging with an application's title bar would be appreciated!


How to add shortcuts under specific categories in your Lubuntu applications menu

After some searching, I have found in /home/user/.local/share/applications the desktop config files I was looking for.

You can simply copy and paste them on your desktop to have a simple shortcut. Visit this page on the official Wiki site for further detailed instructions regarding desktop config files.

As I wanted to add new items in 'Games' main menu category,

I downloaded Alacarte package, probably the best program for editing the main menu, as properly suggested here: How do I edit applications panel menu in Lubuntu?

sudo apt-get install alacarte

I went to Main Menu -> Preferences -> Main Menu -> Games;
alternatively, you can run Alacarte from the Terminal:

alacarte

Here an example of Alacarte interface:

I selected New item
Then I chose

the name of the new item,
the icon (by clicking on the empty icon and adding the path of the image I wanted to use as the new icon)
and the command line to be executed (I did not know all the exe commands of the new packages: so I opened the desktop config files stored in /home/user/.local/share/applications with Leafpad and copied the command line that follows the Exec= entry).


HDD 46G used per GParted and df - but only 10G per ncdu, du, baobab etc Ubuntu 12.04LTS

You might try an iterative process using a terminal window starting at the root "/" directory such as the following:

In a terminal run du -sk *
Locate the directory using lots of space, and change into that directory
Repeat step 1 until you find the file(s) using all the space, or run out of subdirectories and then need to go back up to the root "/" directory and select the next largest space usage directory.


How to find intel hd graphics panel Ubuntu 20.04?

Intel Drivers are mostly included and in some case can be installed.
but graphic panel for ubuntu is not developed by intel for linux
SEE THIS There is no any instruction to install the same for linux.
More over there may be any such app for ubuntu by some developer but that may work or not.
some driver information for linux is officially provided here.


Can I add custom functions to gcalctool?

If you press F1 and read the help page about functions it says: “GCalctool does not support user-defined functions.”, so I guess the answer is no.

Of course you can propose additions to the program's developer(s) or write your own patch to add more functions.


With this and I was able to speed 150 mb, all bars, and slow dissolves (in ubuntu 12.04.4 probe that is where I get a serious error if the adapter is connected before starting session, ubuntu freezes on that ground connecting the adapter only when session starts.)

This is the solution installed ndiswrapper, free driver add to the blacklist when ndiswrapper is installed just install the supplied driver pt-link.

To install the ndiswrapper is complicated if you have ubuntu 12.04, 12.10 and 13.04 that you will need install as the new one is not in center WILL NEED ubuntu download and install the packages you need are 4 or 5 Find them and download here packages.ubuntu.com creeo if you have ubuntu 13.10 this solved the problem this is not necessary.


Expose-like spread mode in unity 2d without compiz

The program that does this has been a plugin for Compiz for some time. I have not seen this replicated in any other porgram, though i've seen similar in KWin (for KDE; don't use if you are on Gnome/Unity)


Nautilus does not mount usb storage automatically

gconf-editor may be the wrong tool now. dconf-editor is the new favorite :-)
So open dconf-editor  and navigate to org.gnome.desktop.media-handling, where you will find at least two entries:

automount
automount-open

Check the first one to mount media automatically and the second one to open a nautilus-window with the already mounted media.

You can find additional information about dconf/gconf in the answer to Can I use dconf-editor to modify Gconf settings?


Problem with building kernel for Ubuntu 18.04 on VM

so the problem was my mistake (or my wrong presumption), I presumed that I can edit .config file with "make menuconfig" without worrying what should I include in compile, and what I could leave out. The idea in my head was that GUI would warn me if something must be included in the compile, because some features couldnt be NOT included in compile. The problem in the end was that I didnt include some features in the compile, so the xr_usb_serial_common.ko couldnt be generated. I found the solution by going through top answers of these two https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10476990/difference-between-o-and-ko-file  , and https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7812418/kernel-driver-external-modules-not-building-completely  . Hope it helps somebody


The correct solution is

  ethernets:
    enp3s0:
        addresses: []
        dhcp4: true
        gateway4: 10.185.0.1
        nameservers:
          addresses: [10.185.x.x, y.y.y.y]
        routes:
        - to: 10.185.0.0/0
          via: 10.185.0.1
          metric: 100
          table: 101
        routing-policy:
          - from: 10.185.0.

This is using only netplan


WiFi Adapter AX201 Ubuntu 20.10 dropping connection frequently

I had a very similar error to you on my new Dell XPS 15 (with the same wireless card).
It's definitely an Ubuntu issue as my Windows installation on the same laptop works fine, and other devices connect to the network with no problem.
I tried many options that I read on the internet, with no avail.
However after getting my router to split the 2.5GHz and 5GHz channels, I found that connecting to the 2.5GHz channel has no problems whatsoever.
I recommend trying that.


How can I share my wired/wireless network with other devices on Kubuntu 13.10?

Kubuntu 13.10 has a new network manager applet. Here, sharing network using your wired or wireless network will be covered:

Click on network manager in system tray:

Choose wrench icon (settings) and then click "Edit Connections":

Connection Editor will be displayed. Click on Add then either Wireless (shared) or Wired (shared) depending on what you would like to share (here, a wired connection will be shared using wireless adapter):

Enter a display name for your reference on computer and click on Wireless tab. Enter an SSID to be displayed in available networks list of your device and leave "Access Point" as mode:

Lastly, choose "Wireless Security" tab and choose a security method (WPA & WPA2 Personal is recommended) and enter a password if you want to secure your network from other users.

Click "OK" and you are done!

The next thing is just to connect your newly created network using your device:


Ubuntu and a Epson Artisan 835 printer not installing (Install locks up)

Here is a possible solution:

Ensure you have updated your system apt databases:

sudo apt-get update

To avoid potentially destroying your dpgk database from a botched install, ensure the following package is installed: dpkg-dev

sudo apt-get install dpkg-dev

Then, instead of using the printer tool, search for your epson driver with apt:

sudo apt-cache search EPSON Artisan

For me, I selected the artisan 725 - 835 series driver:

sudo apt-get install epson-inkjet-printer-artisan-725-835-series

Open up the printer configuration tool:

Ubuntu -> System -> Printers (or type printers in the search bar if you are running ubiquity)

Add a printer (mine is wired in on the network and shows up within 30 seconds)

Select your printer and since the driver is already installed, it will ask you for the printer details (location/name) and then open up the test printer dialog. All is now OK.

The graphical installer through the tool for the driver does not seem to work.


How to get a consistent bluetooth audio playback?

I finally found a solution (in fact several one):

Add threadirqs to my kernel params
was better, but this was not enough, I also had to install rtirq-init

I then had an (almost) perfect bt sound playback.

Another option seems to use linux-lowlatency kernel. I still have to test this, but it should work. What is unclear is the drackbacks (power consumption ?).


First of all, you may run into a false message from a webpage asking you to update Flash when running Linux because, although Linux Flash still receives security updates from Adobe, our Flash player is stuck on version 11 or 12 point something, whereas all Apple and Windows users are using version 18 or 19.

You can safely ignore these messages and some of these messages have actually been linked to malware in the past, so be very careful my friend on what you click on and trust nobody.

To keep your Flash plugin updated, install the Flash plugin downloader from apt-get and it will update itself. Open a terminal and run the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer

To update Firefox, run the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install firefox

Don't forget to restart Firefox.

If you would like to install Firefox nightly, please let me know and I will provide instructions on how to do so.

Please post any errors.


resize2fs /dev/mapper/x

Next time you could rather use the lvm-extend:

lvm-extend -r /dev/mapper/x


Unable to utilise complete harddisk space of my laptop with dual boot?

As I read your question, you have 4 primary partitions (sda1-4)

The extended partition (sda4) consists of sda5. An extended partition is a form of logical partition which contains no data itself; it's space is allocated to secondary partition(s) created within it, ie. sda4 & sda5 space are both the same area of disk.

Thus I don't believe you have unused space, you're just confused by the extended partition.

If you need more information, please check out https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowtoPartition/PartitioningBasics


Is it possible to upgrade Windows without affecting Ubuntu?

It depends.  If you have installed Ubuntu and Windows in UFEI mode, my guess is that everything should be fine.  However if your boot loader is stored on an MBR Windows will definitely overwrite Grub.

In either case, it's best to just make a boot-repair-disk that will automagically fix grub.  Boot-Repair-Disk and instructions on how to use it can be found here:
http://sourceforge.net/p/boot-repair-cd/home/Home/


Can't resize partition during installation

In order to resize your partition you'll need to unmount the disk. Though it's likely that your trying to edit the same partition of the drive you booted from. In order to resize that drive you'll need to boot from an Ubuntu live disk and edit the partition from that.


Here's one way to do it, using the -t timeout option of the bash read builtin:

#!/bin/bash

while :
do
  read -t10 -p "Do you want to un-Mount the External Drives? (Y/N): "
  if [ $? -gt 128 ]; then
    echo "timed out waiting for user response"
    break
  fi

  case $REPLY in
  [yY]*)
    echo "do it"
    break
    ;;
  [nN]*)
    echo "don't do it"
    break
    ;;
  *) echo "Please enter Y or N"
     ;;
  esac
done

See help read from the bash prompt, or man bash.


Saving ubuntu 10.04 operating system on disk, with windows 7 theme

Create an ISO of your System or if you just want the theme but none of your installed software download the 10.04 ISO
Install Ubuntu Customization Kit
Begin to edit the ISO with UCK, then when you get to the UCK shell run gconf-editor
If you're unsure on how to set the theme and icons from the shell and gconf, open the   gconf-editor from your own system and search for "theme".
In the UCK shell open a nautilus instance, there navigate to /usr/share/themes/ and put the Windows theme there.
Then in the gconf-editor that you opened in the UCK shell simply edit the "theme" entry to match that of your own.


It looks like you have configured your server to identify itself as u18sm609381ywg.15 in the HELO command.  You need to use a valid FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) or a domain literal in the form [192.0.2.14].  As you are using port 587, you likely also need to authenticate with your gmail id.


Samba share accessible on Windows after SSH connection established via Cygwin?

Remove the security = ADS from your file, then in the [global] section of your /etc/samba/smb.conf file add the following lines:

[global]

usershare owner only = false
unix extensions = no
follow symlinks = yes
wide links = yes

ntlm auth = no
lanman auth = no
client ntlmv2 auth = yes
guest ok = yes
acl allow execute always = true

If it is a share that you are allowing all computers on your network to access, you might want to setup the share like the following:

[storage]
   path = "/media/storage"
   directory mask = 0777
   writeable = yes
   guest ok = yes
   admin users = terrance

Then restart your samba server

systemctl restart smbd.service

Hope this helps!


how to hiding Ubuntu and postgreSQL versions?

First of all, a Wikipedia article about Security through Obscurity gives you a nice view why just hiding the vulnerable version number instead of fixing the actual vulnerability is not a good idea.

Hiding the PostgreSQL version. The PostgreSQL protocol does not reveal the actual server version for the connecting clients at connection start-up phrase (see http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/static/protocol-flow.html ). Thus, the scanner should be able to connect and authenticate into the PostgreSQL server making it capable to issue SELECT version() SQL query (see http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/static/functions-info.html). If a scanner was able to run this command, it needed to authenticate.

enable authentication;
block PostgreSQL TCP ports with a firewall

Hiding the OS version. This is more complicated process, as multiple server softwares may reveal the OS version in their startup protocol. I do not know any server that does it though.

block unnecessary TCP ports with a firewall


ELANtech touchpad not detected anymore on Ubuntu 15

The i8042.kbdreset=1 kernel boot parameter fixed my problem.
To shamelessly copy @Pilot6's instructions:

Run sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub

And add there to the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT= i8042.kbdreset=1.

It should look like

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash i8042.kbdreset=1"

Then save the file and run

sudo update-grub

With this the touchpad will work after a reboot and will continue to do so after rebooting again.


How to view annotated powerpoint presentations in Ubuntu?

ONLYOFFICE claims to be higly compatible with MS Office formats, and it is released under AGPL.
There are many ways to install it in Ubuntu, use your favourite method.
Snap Package
ONLYOFFICE is available as a snap and can be installed with
snap install onlyoffice-desktopeditors

Debian package
A .deb-package is also available.
Flatpak
Use the following commands to install it with Flatpak.
flatpak install flathub org.onlyoffice.desktopeditors

As reported by OP, it is a bit slow to start (this is not a snap only issue, even the .deb package takes a lot of time to start compared to libreoffice), but works.
Disclaimer: I'm not affiliated with ONLYOFFICE in any way.


This is in no way my area of expertise, but from what I have seen this is the most up to date guide (it is FAR too much to cover here),but, it uses many things like wine and KX repos. Although the guide is well written and even has some videos.

If you understand the kind of programs you are using ( I did not) and want to get running right away try this one.

wget www.warmplace.ru/soft/sunvox/sunvox-1.9.zip

Find sunvox-1.9.zip in your home folder extract it and click the right version you need.

You mention trackers and I see milky tracker getting a lot of love it is based on Fast Tracker 2

For 32 bit

wget cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/m/milkytracker/milkytracker_0.90.85+dfsg-2.2_i386.deb

For 64bit

wget cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/m/milkytracker/milkytracker_0.90.85+dfsg-2.2_amd64.deb

Or manually here

There debs so use your preferred install method or just click them.

To round it out you can see this article for more Linux chip tune programs.


pip can't resolve a dependency with an Ubuntu package

I think that the easiest way is to get all build-dependencies with:

sudo apt-get build-dep psychopy
sudo apt-get install psychopy

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev mesa-common-dev \
libglu1-mesa-dev libqt5gstreamer-dev libwebkitgtk-dev libwebkitgtk-3.0-dev \
libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev \
libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-dev

And then install it with pip:

sudo -H pip2 install --upgrade psychopy


Is there a cd image of ubuntu under 512MB?

There's Ubuntu minimal. The iso's size is 5-20Mb, but the actual install size is of course larger.

  The Minimal CD downloads packages from online archives at installation time instead of providing them on the install CD itself.

Just to add that the final install size can be reduced down to 600MB which will mean a command line system. The same page includes instructions to install low disk space demanding CLI and GUI systems but check the used disk space before continuing from command line system to GUI system.


My laptop gets super hot when charging since an update under Ubuntu 18.04

Under volting helps a lot when there is over heating (and by lot I mean A LOT). To be on a safer side, manufacturers supply higher voltage than required to the CPU (which causes heating), as at very lower voltages CPU doesn't work properly under stress. Under volting is completely safe. It will not void your warranty what so ever. Under volting is basically removing the excess voltage supplied and giving the minimum voltage required to run the CPU smoothly.
Try intel-undervolt from here.
Here is a guide to help you along.
Some terms in the guide might be depricated. Refer the first link for the deprecated terms.
As of selecting the offset, I use undervolt 0 'CPU' -130 in the /etc/intel-undervolt.conf file. As a beginner I would suggest you to stick to undervolting the CPU only.
To find the correct offset (unique to each CPU piece. Same CPU but on different computer could have different ideal offset) slowly  lower the offset by small values (I used 10), and at the point where your PC crashes, is the threshold. And set the final value to threshold - 10. In my case it crashed at 140 so I set is to 130.
The only down side is that you will have to apply the settings on every boot. I have created an alias with alias us='sudo intel-undervolt apply && sudo tlp start'. So I just have to type us in the terminal on a boot, and then I am good to go.
Note: the crashing of PC to calculate the offset is completely safe. It will not damage you hardware whatsoever.
Note: Any Intel CPU can go to -125 at least, above that comes the difficult part. If you want to take it to the limit, then only try increasing it step by step. Other wise -125 will work just fine for any Intel CPU.


The best solution is to become root using su or by logging in as the root user from the start, if you have that ability (Ubuntu users don't, unless they fixed that defect).  Anyhow, once you are root, do a chown -R user:group to the path for your eclipse installation.

Then your regular user should be able to install plugins.  In the future, do not install eclipse as the root user.  Root can still use eclipse when another user installs it and owns it.


The command you should have used is

$ sudo dpkg -r libncurses5-dev

You should not have removed any files in /var/lib/dpkg by hand.


Weid cuda driver state after forgetting to clean up resources before suspending the computer

On the nvidia forums, someone is suggesting that reloading the driver might do away with the restart.

Here are the steps they mention (I haven't tested this):

Stop all programs using the driver (particularly X11)
lsmod | grep nvidia and rmmod the modules with zero use count. You should do this in dependency order (the column on the right shows the modules that this driver depends on)
Repeat until no Nvidia kernel modules are loaded.
modprobe nvidia to reload the driver.
Restart X11 or whatever was using the GPU

Note that due to step 1, you may lose all open applications (which depend on X11). However, if you setup your X11 to not use NVidia graphics, but the Intel integrated one, then you should be able to reload the driver with minimal impact.

Let us know if this works!


wifi doesn't work on lenovo G500 with ubuntu 13.10

Your 14e4:4365 device works with the Broadcom STA driver in Ubuntu 13.10. Please get a temporary wired ethernet connection and open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo modprobe wl

Do you now have a wireless interface, ideally eth1?

iwconfig

Does it scan and see networks?

sudo iwlist eth1 scan

If there are errors, post them here.

If you previously attempted the compat-wireless package, you will need to uninstall it so as to resolve a probable conflict:

cd ~/Desktop/compat-wireless-whichever

Or compat-drivers or whichever you attempted to install.

sudo make uninstall

Reboot. Please get a temporary wired ethernet connection and open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic
sudo apt-get install --reinstall bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo modprobe wl


Why don't the commands 'sudo bash' or 'sudo -s' ask for a password?

This is caused by the last line of your /etc/sudoers file, which states:

ALL ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

...meaning "all users can execute all commands as root without any password".

I don't know how that line got in there, but if you remove it you will restore the normal behavior. Note: use visudo for editing to make sure you don't get any syntax errors in there, i.e., execute the command

sudo visudo

and edit the file using the editor that pops up.


How do I get a stable IPv6 address in 16.04?

I just figured this out. For each connection in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/, you need to set the following property:

[ipv6]
addr-gen-mode=eui64

NetworkManager in 16.04 appears to set a default of stable-privacy for the addr-gen-mode setting. When stable-privacy is set, a random address is generated each time, even when ip6-privacy is set to 0.


upgrade from 15.04 to 15.10 getting compiz segfault

Things did not seem to be right after upgrading to 15.10. Compiz crashes every single time when I login. I got this from dmesg:

[  323.672731] compiz[18440]: segfault at 7ffe673fbfe8 ip 00007f1e704dc5bf sp 00007ffe673fbff0 error 6 in libc-2.21.so[7f1e7046e000+1c0000]

I've tried unity --reset and it did not work, though it really reseted unity, but compiz still crashed. I tried deleting ~/.compiz and ~/.config/compiz-1, but didn't work either

Does it mean something's wrong with libc-2.21.so?

Update

I looked into my crash-report and found that it was due to my personalized cursor theme inconsistency. I advise you to look into the crash-report next time next time it pops up or go to /var/crash/ and find the compiz crash report. Look for the word "Stacktrace," and the data underneath may reveal the problem. For me, I have

 #1999 0x00007f65c4ed1212 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXcursor.so.1
 No symbol table info available.

Thus I assumed it's the problem with the cursor theme and it worked.

Hope that works for you :)


It looks like .xsessionrc runs too early so I added sleep 4 (it works fine for me, you can change it)

sleep 4 && xinput map-to-output 'input name/ID' "Display" &

Don`t forget & at the end of line otherwise your system will just stuck for sleep time without any effect.


There is a similar post on Database Administrators with an answer here: https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/14199/postgresql-performed-a-fast-shutdown-by-itself-why-how-was-it-able-to-do-tha

Maybe this will help?


sudo -s works but su does not in ubuntu?

In Ubuntu by default, the root user has a disabled password and the mechanism available for general users to use root permissions is sudo.  su with no arguments attempts to change the current user to root, and since it is disabled....


Wordpress 4.7 ignores Ubuntu 16.04 permissions

I could think of two possible solution

Use your login user name and password as FTP user name and password.
Install something like ProFTPD on your machine

Personally, if you operate from dash board and permission are fine ( default ), you could get away with your login user name and passwor.


Internet browser changes workspace on focus

I just found it: Settings > Window Manager Tweaks > Focus > Do nothing


Add following line to /etc/apt/sources.list:

deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ precise-pgdg main

Then run:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pgadmin3


You need to start and enable (so that it runs on system startup) the SSH server:

sudo systemctl enable ssh.service
sudo systemctl start ssh.service


Can't install either 12.04 or 13.04 off a flash drive

How can I fix ubuntu winboot wubildr.mbr missing error? shows this involves the WUBI install of Ubuntu, but that won't boot from a flash drive. Suggest you create a non-WUBi version instead.


How do I insert special characters in Open Office?

You can enter unicode codepoints by pressing Ctrl-Shift-u and then the codepoint you want to use. So if you type Ctrl-Shift-u 0 1 8 8, you will see an underlined u0188 and then press enter and you will see ƈ.

Alternatively, you may want to check out the compose key, which will probably let you type faster. (System -> Preferences -> Keyboard -> Layouts -> Options -> Compose Key, select a key to use, then press Close, and type in the test box to see how it works. E.g. Compose ' c will produce ć, same as above only with fewer keystrokes.


You should already have these as they should come with Ubuntu, but run this just in case.

sudo apt-get install libdaemon-dev libglade2-dev libgtk2.0-dev

Now, download & install

1) btnx-config
2) btnx In this order.

To install:

Unzip, and cd into each of these folders.

In each of them run:

./configure make
sudo make
sudo make install

Once both of them are installed, run

sudo btnx-config

In Configurations tab, click Detect Mouse & Buttons

In Buttons tab, assign your mouse button a key or functionality. Make sure you ☑ check mark enabled.

Lastly, in Configurations tab, click on Restart btx button so your changes take effect.


Are ffmpeg56 and ffmpeg54 packages discontinued?

libavcodec-ffmpeg-extra56 (FFmpeg library with additional de/encoders for audio/video codecs), libavformat-ffmpeg56 (FFmpeg library with (de)muxers for multimedia containers - runtime files) and libavutil-ffmpeg54 (FFmpeg library with functions for simplifying programming - runtime files) have been upgraded in Ubuntu 16.10, 17.04, 17.10, 18.04 and 18.10 to libavcodec-extra57 libavformat57 and libavutil55.
The same packages have been upgraded in Ubuntu 18.10, 19.04, 19.10, 20.04, 20.10 and 21.04 to libavcodec-extra58 libavformat58 and libavutil56.
Open the terminal and type:
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-extra57 libavformat57 libavutil55


My boot time has increased by 25% in the past two months. How do I reduce it?

If you want to know exactly what is taking time to boot your system:

Install bootchart.
Create a bootchart (Some bootchart examples on Google Images to get an idea what bootchart is about).
Save the image to an external media.

At this point you can analyse what program is taking up time during boottime but if you want to exactly know where that 25% increase comes from then...

Create a backup of your personal files and personal settings
Re-install your system,
Install all the software you are using now and re-install your personal files.
Create a new bootchart.

Drastic but when you compare the two images the differences in the images will answer your question to the second exactly. The first time you do this it will be a lot of work and cost a fair amount of time and I can do this fairly quick now because I also set up my machine with a small root and small home since all my files are stored on a separate disc (so I know I can delete root and home w/o thinking twice). But this is the method I use before I switch over to a new release to see if the new release has improved or deteriorated my boot time and I also always keep a bootchart saved from just after I installed the new release.

Installation of bootchart can be done by clicking the image below:


How can I make sure one Upstart job starts before other Upstart jobs?

The solution is to approach the problem from the other direction: to satisfy the start criteria for Centrify, it is not necessary to make existing services
depend on the new Centrify service, rather make the new Centrify service
depend on existing services.

For example, an Upstart configuration file /etc/init/centrify.conf could say:

  start on (starting cron or starting autofs or starting nis)

Converting this into English, this would translate as:

  start the Centrify service just before either cron, autofs or nis
    start (whichever starts first).

The order in which cron, autofs or nis start is irrelevant: Upstart will ensure that Centrify will start before whichever service starts first, thus ensuring
that Centrify is running before any one of those services start.

Note too that Upstart will block the start of the first service that wants to start until Centrify has started running.

Very elegant and simple once you get used to thinking in this manner.


Fingerprint sensor working only for login

I had what looks like the same problem after upgrading.  I fixed it by adapting the advice from https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Fprint#Login_configuration for Ubuntu.
In a terminal run sudoedit /etc/pam.d/common-auth, and add the line:
auth    sufficient                      pam_fprintd.so

immediately before the existing line:
auth    [success=1 default=ignore]      pam_unix.so nullok_secure


Docker --network=host in Xenial disables IPv6 on system

Just to share more details, I ran into the same problem even without --network=host, I'm using netns ifaces between containers. "Fixed it" by starting the containers with --sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=0


Radeon 9600 on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Problem with driver

Just open Dash type: additional drivers open the software and a list of drivers will show. Choose: fglrx-updates and click: apply changes. After the changes take place (look at the progress bar to see when done) restart the PC.


How can I reinstall the default Ubuntu 16.04 kernel after installing a newer kernel and deleting all the others?

I fixed this by installing the current 16.04 kernel explicitly with the command

sudo apt install linux-image-4.4.0-92-generic


keyboard in tty behaves wrong after login as root

There could be something in the root user's ~/.inputrc, or possibly in /etc/inputrc that maps i to something.

These files are not regular scripts, they have a subset language that can be used to change key bindings. Googling "inputrc" can provide some examples. Be careful though, it's easy to mess up key bindings and get a non functional terminal.

When things go wrong, renaming both files (in your GUI, if terminal is unresponsive) should eliminate the problem.


Yes,

you can do that by running multiple Samba instances with different /etc/smb/smb.conf files. For example you can have the files /etc/smb/smb.conf.homenet and /etc/smb/smb.conf.worknet with different workgroup = options. You can then start them as root by:

service smb.homenet start
service smb.worknet start

I've certainly missed something so for more information have a look at:

https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Multiple_Server_Instances


How can I fix my Dell laptop's wireless connection?

follow the below link
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/Driver/bcm43xx

Here go to the section b43: No internet access
follow the steps in this section.
Note: b43 fwcutter is a must so without step 1 do not proceed to further steps.

Once done with all 4 steps goto the section switching between drivers:
Herein remove (if existing) drivers. It might happen that some driver will not be there.
for my case: after doing sudo modprobe -r wl
I got error: FATAL: wl not loaded. So not to worry
Then do loading them, by following the commands.

Once you are done please check:
1) sudo rfkill list all
if it shows as below:
0: phy0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: yes

Hard blocked yes means there is hardware switch on your computer/laptop which has disabled the wifi.
With this : Hardware swicth blocked can be seen under wireless icon.
Now to turn it on read below:
for my case: dell inspiron 1525, press Fn+Alt+F2 to turn on the wifi.

Thanks


Install the metapackage gcc. This will automatically install the latest available version of gcc, so you won't need to worry about the details. If you need an outdated version for this particular program to build, gcc-4.4 is the oldest you can get through the package manager.

To clarify, that's sudo apt-get install gcc or sudo apt-get install gcc-4.4

I'm not aware of any archives that have the particular 4.3 release that you're looking for. I am assuming that any version will work just as well, and that NS2 merely provided old build instructions.


I want to install Ubuntu on a new desktop computer build

You simply download an Ubuntu image from the Ubuntu website, write that to a USB drive(dd if=/path/to/iso of=/dev/sdX bs=16M where /dev/sdX is your flash drive)(or disc if you want).

You then boot off this flash drive(flash drive => default boot device) Then you remove it and restart(booting off hard disk)


[ brackets are alias for test command and there is no > sign in the regular test command. Use [  $i -gt 3 ]

$ for i in {1..5}; do echo $i; if  [ $i -gt 3 ] ; then echo $i; fi; done
1
2
3
4
4
5
5

You could use bash's arithmetic expansion (())  as well

$ for i in {1..5}; do echo $i; if  (( $i>3 )) ; then echo $i; fi; done
1
2
3
4
4
5
5

You could use expr too, but I guarantee 100% that you will keep on forgetting to \ escape the < and > sings, as well as redirect output to /dev/null:

$> if expr 3 \> 2 > /dev/null ; then echo YES; else echo NO ; fi
YES
$> if expr 3 \< 2 > /dev/null ; then echo YES; else echo NO ; fi
NO


automake according to Ubuntu Software Center

All of those packages should be available in Ubuntu, for example as automake-1.14.

As for the fails to work in a number of situations comment, I would expect it's likely because Automake 1.15 changed something which broke compatibility, which has been common in the past.

As to why certain versions aren't listed there, that'd be a question that only the specific person who packaged automake (probably a Debian developer) could answer. Changes to packages in Ubuntu usually don't alter the package description, and you can see Debian has the same description.


How to install AES Crypt - GUI in ubuntu

You need to unpack the archive and then launch binary installer file from it:

cd ~/Downloads
wget https://www.aescrypt.com/download/v3/linux/AESCrypt-GUI-3.11-Linux-x86_64-Install.gz
gunzip AESCrypt-GUI-3.11-Linux-x86_64-Install.gz
chmod +x AESCrypt-GUI-3.11-Linux-x86_64-Install
./AESCrypt-GUI-3.11-Linux-x86_64-Install

Then enter your sudoer password after prompt

[sudo] This program requires administrator privileges.  Please enter your password:

and the installer will be launched.

After installation you will have three new commands: aescrypt, aescrypt-gui, aescrypt_keygen. Consider to read their documentation to determine how to use them.


lspci returns "Cannot open /sys/bus/pci/devices/xxxxx/resource: No such file or directory"

I was having the same problem (using Azure NC24 instances) and after working at it for a few hours I found this post and decided to submit a support request to Microsoft. Here's what they told me:

  Canonical appears to have recently released kernel 4.4.0-75 for Ubuntu 16.04 and this is having an adverse effect on Tesla GPUs on NC-series VMs.
  Installation of the 4.4.0-75 breaks the 8.0.61-1 version of the NVIDIA CUDA driver that’s currently recommended for use on these systems, resulting in nvidia-smi not showing the adapters and lspci returning an error similar to the following:

  root@pd-nvtest2:~# lspci
  lspci: Cannot open /sys/bus/pci/devices/2baf:00:00.0/resource: No such file or directory

They suggest backing up the OS drive, running

apt-get remove linux-image-4.4.0-75-generic

and then

update-grub

Reboot and it should work! At the very least doing that fixed the lspci output for me, I still needed to fix some CUDA stuff but that's from earlier debugging attempts.


In fact, I have not been able to use my Wacom Tablet with fancy KDE-settings (systemsettings) under an untouched Mint (tryed with Ubuntu based and Debian based), yet you can tweak it a bit and make it work and access happily to most of config in KDE-config and let it work.

To achive this I made a fresh Linux Mint 17 LTS Xfce install and installed not only systemsettings but also kwin (sudo apt-get install kde-window-manager) which is the composite window manager used by KDE. Might seem strange but you will get your original desktop (Xfce in my case, but might be MATE, Cinnamon, Unity, Gnome or whatever) with another window manager (that you'll see in window decorations, fancy bouncy icon of loading application beside the cursor and that kind of fancy KDE stuff, and also window capabilities provided by kwint, such as invert colors, transparency on the fly and others.

To switch to kwin you should execute:

kwin --replace

Wich can be done at startup. And to return to previous mode:

<your-previous-window-manager> --replace

In the case of Xfce:

xfwm4 --replace

But in any case expect some fails, reboots, requirement of KDE services ...

Update: Managed to have the fancy KDE wacom system settings.

After some research, I wonder if the kde tablet service was actually running or not, so, tried modifying some config after reading this https://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=37365

In a terminal:

cd /usr/share/kde4/services/kded #where your kde dir might be
sudo cp wacomtablet.desktop wacomtablet.desktop.old #just in case I broke something
sudo gedit wacomtablet.desktop #can use nano, vi, or your favorite editor

changed this line in the file wacomtablet.desktop:
    X-KDE-Kded-phase=0 #was before 1 in my case.

Restart KDE services:

kded4

Done!
Tell us if it works for you!


Location of webdav mounted from nautilus

Finally found where this is --  it's in

 /run/user/1000/gvfs/host....

where the '1000' is the uid of the user that mounted it.


How do I stop a wireless connection from connecting to an access point on boot?

Open Network manager and either delete the profile for the wireless network in question or unselect the "connect automatically" option.


It seems to be normal, according to the changelog Xdialog has been updated in 2006 the last time. It appears to be not maintained anymore and therefore has been dropped from repositories.


Try editing /etc/systemd/resolved.conf file. Also don't forget to restart the appropriate service by sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service.

Note that:
/etc/network/interfaces
/etc/resolv.conf
are deprecated now.


The wifi on my machine was very bad and laggy so i use a samsung wireless lan adapter from 2009 that i have lying around. I would suggest using a wireless lan adapter and plug it into your usb port.


To install new versions of Virtualbox a good way is to follow the official installation page:

In practice you have to add this line to /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian raring contrib

(change "raring" with the name of your release)
Then do this command to save the gpg key:

wget -q http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -

and finally install it by doing this:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install virtualbox-4.2


How to assign File/Folder path to a Variable in Terminal

You have to use quotes if the path contains space characters:

FILE_NAME="/home/$USER/Downloads/My Folder"


Background process (nohup &) suspends/resumes when user logs out/logs in

nohup should work for you, what was your exact command?  Maybe you're missing something.  Here's section from wikipedia about it:

Nohupping backgrounded jobs is typically used to avoid terminating them when logging
off from a remote SSH session. A different issue that often arises in this situation
is that ssh is refusing to log off ("hangs"), since it refuses to lose any data
from/to the background job(s).  This problem can also be overcome by redirecting all
three I/O streams:

nohup ./myprogram > foo.out 2> foo.err < /dev/null &

So you could do something like:

ssh -n -f user@remotebox "sh -c 'cd /foo/bar; nohup ./myprogram > foo.out 2> foo.err < /dev/null &'"

Or if that still doesn't work, you can try screen.  It will allow you to run your process in the "background", and it will keep running after you logout.

First, ssh over to the remote box, then from there use screen and start your process, and you can give your screen a session name if you want.  You won't really notice anything different, but start your process in that session.  You can than exit out of the screen session by using the command Ctrl-a d.  It will look something like this:

user@remotebox:~$ screen -S foobarsession
user@remotebox:~$ startmyprocess
[detached from 4865.foobarsession]
user@remotebox:~$

You can then exit out of your ssh session, and the process will keep running.  To reconnect to the screen session later on, ssh back to the remote box and use screen -r to reconnect.  You can use screen -ls to list the sessions.

user@remotebox:~$ screen -ls
There is a screen on:
        4865.foobarsession     (10/05/2012 11:10:57 AM)     (Detached)
1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-user
user@remotebox:~$ screen -r foobarsession
user@remotebox:~$ screen -ls
        4865.foobarsession     (10/05/2012 11:10:57 AM)     (Attached)
1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-user
user@remotebox:~$


How do I open a pdf file in a virtual console?

Use the following

less your_pdf_file.pdf


How to recover data from overwritten NTFS partition?

It appears that you did not repartition the drive, but chose an existing Windows partition as swap space in the Ubuntu installer. This means your NTFS partition will be corrupted (mkswap was run on it). mkswap does not do a full format, so you should be able to recover the majority (perhaps all) of your files.

Boot Windows and run Microsoft Checkdisk (chkdsk) on your F: drive. You might need to change the partition type from 82 (Linux swap) to 07 (HPFS/NTFS/exFAT) if it does not recognise the drive as being a Windows drive.

If that does not work, try TestDisk

  The MFT (Master File Table) is sometimes corrupted. If Microsoft's
  Checkdisk (chkdsk) failed to repair the MFT, run TestDisk. In the
  Advanced menu, select your NTFS partition, choose Boot, then Repair
  MFT. TestDisk will compare the MFT and MFT mirror (its backup). If the
  MFT is damaged, it will try to repair the MFT using the backup. If the
  MFT backup is damaged, it will use the main MFT.

  If both MFT and MFTMirr are damaged and thus cannot be repaired using
  TestDisk, you might want to try commercial software like Zero
  Assumption Recovery, GetDataBack for NTFS or Restorer 2000.


Some options:

In your shell script use the full path rather then an alias.
In your shell script, set a variable, different syntax

petsc='/home/your_user/petsc-3.2-p6/petsc-arch/bin/mpiexec'

$petsc myexecutable

Use a function in your script. Probably better if petsc is complex

function petsc () {
    command 1
    command 2
}

petsc myexecutable

Source your aliases

shopt -s expand_aliases
source /home/your_user/.bashrc

You probably do not want to source your .bashrc, so IMO one of the first 3 would be better.


Join file:

cat split1 split2 split3 > myfile

To find out archive format, you can use file(1).

For example:

housezet@arch: ~
$ file ufw-0.33
ufw-0.33: gzip compressed data, from Unix, last modified: Sat Aug 18 06:12:49 2012


How should I present a slideshow consisting of PDFs?

PDF presenter consoles

A presenter console is a tool that allows you to see an overview of your slides on one monitor while holding the presentation on another. Both OpenOffice and LibreOffice come with such a plugin for odt files.

For pdf files there are a number of solutions. I have found pdfpc to be the most polished presenter console. It has a number of comfort functions, e.g. you can:

freeze the presentation for your viewers while browsing through your slides
display an overview of all of your slides
turn off the presentation screen
set up a timer and be alerted when your presentation time is up

If you look through the website you will also find key configurations for common presentation remotes and other nifty ways of customizing the application.

Here are some screenshots:


Ubuntu uses ~/.profile .

you can create your .bash_profile in Ubuntu but then .profile will not be read.

If we read .profile content :

cat ~/.profile

output

# ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.
# This file is not read by bash(1), if ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login
# exists.

So use ~/.profile instead of ~/.bash_profile


You should not edit grub.cfg file, rather you should edit 2 files one is /etc/default/grub and the other is located at /etc/grub.d directory , then you should run following command in terminal:

sudo update-grub


After a whole night of digging I found a configuration that works fine for me.

<VirtualHost *:443>
  SSLEngine on
  SSLProtocol all -SSLv2
  SSLHonorCipherOrder on
  SSLCipherSuite "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:AES128-GCM-SHA256:RC4:HIGH:!MD5:!aNULL:!EDH"
  Header add Strict-Transport-Security: "max-age=15768000;includeSubdomains"
  SSLCompression Off
  SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/ssl/zcore_ORG_chain.pem
  SSLCertificateFile      /etc/apache2/ssl/zcore.intra.pem
  SSLCertificateKeyFile   /etc/apache2/ssl/zcore.intra.key.pem
  ServerName mattermost.zcore.intra
  ServerSignature Off
  ServerAlias mattermost

  ProxyPreserveHost On
  ProxyRequests Off

  RewriteEngine on
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/api/v1/websocket [NC,OR]
  RewriteCond %{HTTP:UPGRADE} ^WebSocket$ [NC,OR]
  RewriteCond %{HTTP:CONNECTION} ^Upgrade$ [NC]
  RewriteRule .* ws://127.0.0.1:8065%{REQUEST_URI} [P,QSA,L]
  RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/%{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
  RewriteRule .* http://127.0.0.1:8065%{REQUEST_URI} [P,QSA,L]
  RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Proto "https"

  <Location /api/v1/websocket>
    Require all granted
    ProxyPassReverse http://127.0.0.1:8065
    ProxyPassReverseCookieDomain 127.0.0.1 mattermost.zcore.intra
  </Location>
  <Location />
    Require all granted
    ProxyPassReverse http://127.0.0.1:8065
    ProxyPassReverseCookieDomain 127.0.0.1 mattermost zcore.intra
  </Location>

  LogFormat "%{X-Forwarded-For}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common_forwarded
  ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/mattermost.zcore.intra/mattermost.zcore.intra_error.log
  CustomLog /var/log/apache2/mattermost.zcore.intra/mattermost.zcore.intra_forwarded.log common_forwarded
  CustomLog /var/log/apache2/mattermost.zcore.intra/mattermost.zcore.intra_access.log combined env=!dontlog
  CustomLog /var/log/apache2/mattermost.zcore.intra/mattermost.zcore.intra.log combined
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
  ServerName mattermost.zcore.intra
  Redirect permanent / https://mattermost.zcore.intra
</VirtualHost>


How to run `chmod` command form script with sudo permissions?

You haven't said why the sudo solution doesn't work, but troubleshooting sudo is rather onerous. This test line in /etc/sudoers worked for me

cgiuser ALL = (root) NOPASSWD: /bin/chmod -R 777 /tmp/xxx*

so give it a try. Your /etc/sudoers line would be

user ALL = (root) NOPASSWD: /bin/chmod -R 777 /dev/ttyACM*

and your script would have

/usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod -R 777 /dev/ttyACM*

Just make sure that the script runs as user, for a cgi script it's probably apache or www-data.

PS: The previous answer is just wrong. Provided that you belong to the sudo group or otherwise have the privileges, sudo su - works perfectly to become root, even if no root password is set.
sudo -s is probably better, however. YMMV


Long 53+ second startup on a decent laptop. What to do?

Googled it. here are some things to try

http://www.howtogeek.com/69753/how-to-cut-your-linux-pcs-boot-time-in-half-with-e4rat/
http://www.howtogeek.com/115797/6-ways-to-speed-up-ubuntu/
PS moderator i know this IS just some links but im just trying to help some people !

PPS my 2011 mainstream PC gos to GRUB in 25 secs & linux mint with SDD boots in 26 sec


Evolution does not ask for password with Yahoo

I now know that you have to change the account to a plus yahoo account. Then the
receiving server is plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com port 995. Outgoing server plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com use SSL and port 465  Cost 19.99 a year. I have
other accounts so I will just forward my messages one at a time.


Why does restarting unity close all (or most) of my apps?

Of Course! First of all install gksu (You can install it by typing:
sudo apt install gksu)
  then press ALT + F2  and type: unity --replace and unity will retsart/refresh with out closing any open windows.
another way is to hit CTRL + ALT F9 then hit CTRL ALT F7
Hope this helps!


Ubuntu Core/Snappy affected by Meltdown and Spectre?

Meltdown Information

  Desktop, Laptop, and Cloud computers may be affected by Meltdown. More technically, every Intel processor which implements out-of-order execution is potentially affected, which is effectively every processor since 1995 (except Intel Itanium and Intel Atom before 2013). google's zero project team successfully tested Meltdown on Intel processor generations released as early as 2011. Currently, he have only verified Meltdown on Intel processors. At the moment, it is unclear whether ARM and AMD processors are also affected by Meltdown.

Spectre Information

  Almost every system is affected by Spectre: Desktops, Laptops, Cloud Servers, as well as Smartphones. More specifically, all modern processors capable of keeping many instructions in flight are potentially vulnerable. In particular, project team have verified Spectre on Intel, AMD, and ARM processors.


The problem here is the Ubuntu has taken effected the new group added to your user, so you will need to log out and lo back in to have that change take effect.

So simply log out and back in to solve the permission issue.


Xubuntu stores your session information in ~/.cache/sessions. If you want to start with a clean slate, you need to remove the information present in that folder.

To do so:

Log out of Xubuntu.
While at the login screen, press Ctrl+Alt+F1 to open a console. (You may need to press Enter once to get the login prompt.) Enter your usual username and password.
Create a temporary folder, Backup, on your Desktop. Return to your home folder. From there, issue the following command to recursively copy the contents of ~/.cache/sessions to your desktop (as a safety measure):

mkdir ~/Desktop/Backup
cp -r ~/.cache/sessions/* ~/Desktop/Backup

Delete the contents of the sessions subfolder:

rm -rf ~/.cache/sessions/*

Close the console by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F7
You'll see the usual login screen again. Now, when you login, you'll have a clean slate.

Note that there is a GUI method available but some people find it doesn't work as reliably as the console route.


Raid volumes not recognized Ubuntu 12.04 on HP ENVY dv6

Did you start with clean disks with no partition table on it or did you reuse the disks. This can be the reason why your system won't boot. Guess how I know.

First clean your disks with:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/yourdev bs=512 count=1

replace yourdev with the device name of your disks

Then install Ubuntu again. It will then install new gpt partition tables. You only need a swap and a boot partition in raid ofcourse.

Don't forget to adjust your uefi settings in the bios.

Success !


How to add specific option to DHCP request of Ubuntu

request option125; means 125 will be included in dhcp-parameter-request-list.

Use send option125 = 0D:E9:19:01...; to send optional parameter.

By the way, according to RFC3925 your 0D:E9:19:01... may be 00:00:0D:E9:01... because enterprise-number is 32bit. If so, you can use built-in vendor option for VIVSO:

# 3561 is 0x00000de9
option vendor.adslforum code 3561 = string;
# no need to prepend enterprise-number and whole length
send vendor.adslforum = 01:06:31:32:33:34:35:36:02:0a:31:32:33:34:35:36:37:38:39:61:03:03:61:62:63;


What happens to my Ubuntu when I upgrade Windows?

When you are installing 7, you can select the partitions for the system. If you do not erase/format the Ubuntu partition, then everything should be fine.

One thing could be a problem: Windows will override the bootloader, so grub will be gone if it's on the same partition. If you start your system after the Win 7 installation, probably Windows 7 will boot without any other options -> so you cannot start your Ubuntu. But that's fine, you just have to reinstall grub. The easiest way should be using boot-repair

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


The problem is that file xy.txt is not writable by the process that is running the PHP script.


Details of installing Ubuntu aside of Windows 10

Well, just a short answer, which I found somewhere here on askubuntu.

On all Acer notebooks you will never see grub2/ubuntu option until you add it manually. So you have to find this in BIOS and add it.

I will try improve this answer as soon as I will have time.


Why does the Software Updater allow me to update the package list without authentication unlike in Terminal?

Create a personal sudoers file:  sudo -E visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/panda -- I'm going to assume "panda" is your username. The contents are:

panda ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/apt-get, /usr/bin/apt

Then, you will be able to do sudo apt-get install whatever without needing to enter a password.


Cannot move to trash the files that are in bind-mounted directories

In my current installation of Ubuntu 20.04 LTS I bypassed the problem replacing the  bind-mounted directories with symlinked directories.
For instance: rm -rf ~/Download && ln -s /mnt/Data/Download ~/Download
However, continuing my research about this issue, I found the following resource: Bug 70831 - Bind mount doesn't allow to trash files and directories .
In other words, the function rename(2) throws the error EXDEV when its input/output parameters oldpath and newpath are in different mountpoints:
  EXDEV  oldpath and newpath are not on the same mounted filesystem.
         (Linux permits a filesystem to be mounted at multiple points,
         but rename() does not work across different mount points, even
         if the same filesystem is mounted on both.)

Therefore, as also stated in a comment:

[...] this means that one cannot use bind-mounted directories 'normally', because there is no way to 'trash' files from such places, and the only way to delete files is permanent deleting without any possibility to restore such data. And there is not much sense of using bind-mounted directories because of that obscure behavior. [...]


Advance Touchpad Gesture Like Deepin OS?

For now the most powerful tool for working with touchpad gestures I ever found is Fusuma. It allows to map any keyboard combination to pitch or swipe gesture with N fingers and can be configured via config file in ~/.config/fusuma/config.yml.

My config file, for example, looks like this: https://gist.github.com/s-kostyuk/6ac4c1a13babffcbd5587278af6e2fe7

More info is available by this link, in its GitHub repository: https://github.com/iberianpig/fusuma


After installation, confirm that you have installed by using:

dpkg -s stackapplet | grep Version

If you get a result you should be able to run the application directly from the dash.

NOTE that you have also to install the python-appindicator package.

sudo apt-get install python-appindicator


Increase size of font in bookmarks in Seamonkey

Use your file manager to open /home/andy/.mozilla/seamonkey/k55ql4r2.default/chrome/ changing andy to your actual username and k55ql4r2.default to your actual profile's name.

Create a new text file in there named userChrome.css using the exact same spelling.

Paste in the following content:

/*
 * Do not remove the @namespace line -- it's required for correct functioning
 */
@namespace url("http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul");
/* set default namespace to XUL */

menupopup#bookmarksMenuPopup  * {
   font-size: 20pt !important
 }

You can change 20pt to a higher or lower value to meet your specific needs.

Restart Seamonkey. That is essential.

Before:

After:


On the black Screen type your username and password
Once your logged in type(in the same order that i have here, When it asks for your password type it in.):

sudo su

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

Wait for it to load. This takes about 20 mins.
 Once its Done loading type: reboot

And your done thats it!
Hope this works for you!


From Ubuntu Sound Troubleshooting:

1B. Should the approach above fail to correct the problem (it is only known to work on some variations), you can try this next. If you are using Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS (Precise Pangolin) or later:

killall pulseaudio; rm -r ~/.config/pulse/* ; rm -r ~/.pulse*; ~/.config/pulse

wait 10 seconds, then reboot (putting the machine to sleep is not enough -- fully power it off and then back on). Make sure to save your work first.

It fixed the problem for me.


How do I manually install a bootloader for Ubuntu 18.04

Mayby you neet to type in the terminal "sudo update-grub". this will detect witch OS you have (windows 10) and it will come into the bootloader.


How to package minimized JS files of an webapp in a debian package?

Yes, can achieve this.

Add minimizer lib to your build, few options

Like babel-minify to build dependency of Debian source package, it is already in Ubuntu repository. In debian/control
Build-Depends: ..., babel-minify

Put npm in the package build requirement. In debian/control
Build-Depends: ..., npm

Download terser, minify or any other tool using npm. But this may not possible on offline build machines. In build script if you have one or debian/rules.
In project.json.."devDependencies":{} .

Then used them to generate the minimized JS copies.
In project.json.. put commands in "scripts":{}

I would recommend a full build script at upstream source (Using JS specific way like project.json). Keep only special Debian processes in debian/rules.
For rules (It is a Makefile), you can override any step, example:
override_dh_prep:
    ...
override_dh_auto_configure:
    ...
override_dh_auto_install:
    ...

Still there other ways for packaging if you are not using DebHelper. I'm not familiar with JS ecosystem

https://wiki.debian.org/Javascript/Tutorial#Working_with_existing_packages
https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-deb


How can I install Firefox Addons in Ubuntu?

Just google what plugin you want and it takes you to the firefox's official webpage for addons. You can simply just download from there and it automatically recognises which os you are using, so no need to worry all that. For example, the addon Adblock is right here


My Package Version Number Appears Greater Yet apt-get Doesn't Select It

You can verify if a package version is greater than another one using dpkg --compare-versions <version_1> gt <version_2>:

$ dpkg --compare-versions 2.12-4ubuntu1.10.04.1.1~ppa1~lucid1 gt 2.12-4ubuntu1.10.04.1
$ echo $?
0

After this check, you should verify with apt-cache policy <package> that the candidate version isn't the one you expect. One possible reason could be that the package version is being held. In that case apt-get --ignore-hold should fix the problem.


Contrary to find.exe, do is not a windows program but is part of the cmd.exe shell (windows' commandline) and is used in for loops and maybe in some other places (don't know much of cmd.exe syntax).

Because the wine implementation of cmd.exe doesn't understand all of windows cmd.exe syntax, it try to look for an external executable for resolving a command that it should resolve itself, but there is no such thing as a do.exe executable.

You may try to look at what script is executed by your program (find .bat and .cmd text files) and edit for loops so that they run in wine.

Or if you feel brave you may look at this patch (see comment 2 attachment) and see if it helps (seems it will not apply to recent wine versions but should be easy enough to adapt).


To answer your two questions: Yes and no, respectively.

Ubuntu has long supported installation on Macs in BIOS mode. Most users opt to use the discontinued rEFIt or its updated fork, rEFInd, to manage such installations, although it can be done in other ways, too.

Ubuntu does not support installation in EFI mode on 32-bit computers; however, there are 32-bit builds of GRUB in Ubuntu, and other tools (including rEFInd) can boot Ubuntu in EFI mode on 32-bit Macs. See, for instance, my Web page on how to set this up, although that's a bit old. Also, be aware that I've had problems with EFI-mode booting Ubuntu 14.04 in EFI mode, whereas 12.04.1 works much better. I suspect that some kernel compile options have changed in a way that negatively impacts EFI-mode booting, but I haven't yet investigated this in detail.


on a redhat forum I saw a similar, though possibly unrelated post stating that I must change my user name to reauthenticate. ugh ok....

# chage -l root
Last password change                    : password must be changed
Password expires                    : password must be changed
Password inactive                   : password must be changed
Account expires                     : never
Minimum number of days between password change      : 0
Maximum number of days between password change      : 99999
Number of days of warning before password expires   : 7

root@ELAR-Systems:# passwd root
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully

root@ELAR-Systems:# chage -l root
Last password change                    : Jun 16, 2018
Password expires                    : never
Password inactive                   : never
Account expires                     : never
Minimum number of days between password change      : 0
Maximum number of days between password change      : 99999
Number of days of warning before password expires   : 7

And... That solved it. to heck with it, posting this anyway. Again, This solution might not apply to mainline Ubuntu distributions.

I found that cron was not enabled, and that root user was needed to authenticate the cron service. After this, my cron jobs then performed properly.


Installing R version 3.6.3 in Ubuntu 18.04 - "make" problem

That indicates that there is no makefile in that directory.  Try changing the line ./configure --enable-R-shlib to ./configure --enable-R-shlib=yes, or running just ./configure.  If this doesn't work, try this:

Install the packages necessary to add a new repository over HTTPS:

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https software-properties-common

Enable the CRAN repository and add the CRAN GPG key to your system:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/'

Update the packages list, and install the R package:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install r-base

Run R --version to check that the installation was successful.  Hope all this helps you,

Cheers!


font size setting doesn't work in ddd(data display debugger)

I found https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32533838/warning-when-running-ddd-in-ubuntu and it gave me the solution. Do sudo apt-get install xfonts-100dpi and logout and log back in. And you can see the font size changes.


unable to generate the hash for netbeans 8.2

I suspect that you should have execute sha256sum which calculate the checksum.

sha256sum netbeans-8.2-linux.sh

I also found  NetBeans 8.2 C / C ++ for Linux Xubuntu 16.04 64/32  which specify:

  and check its sha256 (from Terminal: sha256sum path / filename).

See below the difference between sha256 and sha256sum

  man sha256sum - compute and check SHA256 message digest
  man sha256 - hashalot - read a passphrase and print a hash


You can try using .minerva, it is capable of editing SOL files and is an OS independent web app. The description says this:

  .minerva is a Flash Local Shared Object editor built based on the AMF3 specification and the AMF0 specification. .minerva is capable of reading and writing all known data types successfully.

I've tried it and it looks promising.


What is next step? I can boot from CD bot not from disk

As far as I know, you should start with windows, and after that, install Ubuntu. Ubuntu needs 2 partitions: one EXT4 at least 8 GB, and one swap at least 8 Gb. Hope it will help.


Okay, since pendrivelinux is not working, use the Ubuntu computer to create the USB device instead.

1.

Boot up Ubuntu, press CTRL + ALT + T to open a terminal and then run the following commands.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install aria2
aria2c -x5 'http://cdimage.kali.org/kali-2016.1/kali-linux-light-2016.1-amd64.iso'

2.

Next, disconnect the USB device from the computer and then run the following command to list your disk drives:

lsblk

The output should look something like this:

sda      8:0    0  93.2G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0   4.3G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part
└─sda5   8:5    0  88.9G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   1  29.7G  0 disk /media/mchid/external-storage

Then, plug the USB device into the computer and then run the following command:

lsblk

This should now list the device identifier for your usb device such as /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, /dev/sdd, or something else.

As you can see here in this example, the USB device is listed as an 7.5GB drive at /dev/sdc yours may be listed as something else!

sda      8:0    0  93.2G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0   4.3G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part
└─sda5   8:5    0  88.9G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   1  29.7G  0 disk /media/mchid/external-storage
sdc      8:32   1   7.5G  0 disk
└─sdc1   8:34   1  86.1M  0 part /media/mchid/otLfrQ46J7eGcYnz-1235-asdlfkj

3.

Your USB device should be listed as /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, /dev/sdd, or maybe even /dev/sde. What ever it is listed as be sure to use the correct device for the following commands because these commands will erase all the data on the drive!

For this next example, I will use /dev/sdc as an example, however, you may need to use /dev/sdb or something else!

sudo umount /dev/sdc*

If it says "not mounted", just ignore the message.

sudo mkfs -t vfat -I /dev/sdc
sudo -i
cat kali-linux-light-2016.1-amd64.iso > /dev/sdc
sudo -k

Reboot!

I just tested this method and this iso to verify it works as sometimes iso files won't boot unless you add syslinux but this is a newer iso and I have tested that it works fine.

Here is the SHA1Sum for the iso: 4132238042deba9e3bc1702afbdb1b4672b64bcb

Click here for more info.

This installs the kali linux "light" version which is lightweight and super fast. It's kind of ugly but you can change the desktop configuration to make it look cool if you want. All the kali linux tools are available and installed.

This uses the XFCE4 desktop instead of Gnome and is the same desktop used for Xubuntu and Ubuntustudio as well.


This feature has been requested on the Shotwell mailing list:

    First and foremost, I think there definitely should be a way to "delete"
    events, or assign photos to "no event". Importing a folder of ~1000
    "miscellaneous" photos collected over a year creates about 30-50 events,
    which is a bit ridiculous; it defeats the purpose of events matching
    actual events and not "days", so I'd really like a way to unassign
    photos from events to get a better bird-eye's view of the "important"
    pictures among the mess.

  This has been ticketed: http://trac.yorba.org/ticket/2665

This feature has not yet been added, but could be in the future.


i assume this is after an apt-get command? if yes, run apt-get update and make sure there's no 404 or other download errors on the list before trying again.

if you are using the ubuntu software store (argh), then click any button called refresh... ok, i just checked. there's none.... so ignore this line.

if you using GUI, run Software Updater. it will refresh the list automatically. and then open the software store and try again whatever you were trying.


Deleted everything on my system and now nothing works

If you deleted everything (rm -rf / or equivalent), then:

If you have no important data on the disk, just reinstall.
If you have important data than you want to (attempt to) recover:

cut off power immediately (the less is written to the disk, the better)
boot from an external disk and run a file recovery program (ideally, boot from an external disk, make a bit-copy of your disk with dd, and work on that)


How can I use the value from a pipe in the test program?

It doesn't answer your question about pipes, but you can rearrange:

test $(ls -l | wc -l) -eq 1 && echo "worked"

And there's a few solutions on SO, this being the nicest:

ls -l | wc -l | { read wc; test $wc -eq 7 && echo "woohoo"; }


I had the same problem, I found the solution in the below post.

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2004747

Basically we need to install an equalizer to control the amplitude at the lower range of the sound spectrum.

So follow the steps in the below link to install pulseaudio :-

http://www.webupd8.org/2010/02/pulseaudio-system-wide-equalizer-now.html

You can then search for "PulseAudio equilizer" in unity and then reduce the lower range values.

The setting I used was:
50hz : -25.4dB
100hz : -19.1dB
156hz : -8.9dB

220hz and above : 0db.

Hope this helps.


First things first: I would recommend making a bit copy of the disk, e.g. using ddrescue, and then working on the disk image, not on the physical disk. This might save you some headache if the disk suddenly dies on you - if it hasn't been used for a while, I would consider its fitness questionable at best.

That said, RAID 1 is a mirroring scheme - in other words, all the disks contain all the data; thus it is possible to recover data even if only a single functional disk is present.

What you see here is mdadm complaining that the array is supposed to contain 2 disks, therefore it marks the array degraded (there's something wrong with it, namely, only 1 disk is present out of 2). However, since the available disk seems to contain good data (it says sync, meaning "this disk is synced correctly to the current state of the array") you can still assemble it in degraded mode by adding the --force parameter:

mdadm --assemble --scan --uuid "866221ac:fd8d56af:aceaa1c2:25d2b442" --force

This should assemble the array even with a single disk; then you can mount the array normally, and access the data as you usually would.


Copy and paste this command:

echo "options asus_nb_wmi wapf=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/asus_nb_wmi.conf

Reboot and wifi should work.

You may have to toggle your fn keys to remove the hard block after rebooting.

Here is the link with full details by varun and chili555.


Logitech Performance MX Model: 910-001105

Firstly you could check to see if Ubuntu is registering any button presses on the extra mouse buttons. If it is then you should be able to map these buttons however you want using the xbindkeys tool.
To do the check run xev in a terminal, it will show a small window, when you move over the window or click on the window it will show the mouse move/click results in the terminal. So keep your mouse very still over the small window and click a button, you are looking for output like this which in my case is a press of button 3:
ButtonRelease event, serial 37, synthetic NO, window 0x6000001,
    root 0x1b3, subw 0x6000002, time 93757188, (50,41), root:(100,155),
    state 0x410, button 3, same_screen YES

ButtonPress event, serial 37, synthetic NO, window 0x6000001,
    root 0x1b3, subw 0x6000002, time 93769657, (50,41), root:(100,155),
    state 0x10, button 3, same_screen YES


How can I get Ubuntu to load as a dual boot on an HP Envy laptop with Windows 10?

in the first place, have you try running the live cd in your new HP?
Try the application before installation could actually know if the system suits the ubuntu OS


Boot from the LiveCD/USB that you used to install Xubuntu. When fully booted, run Gparted software that is included. With it, you can resize partitions by simply dragging borders. Never try to resize the partition that is mounted or booted from.


Is the `size` parameter for tmpfs in fstab not working?

In Ubuntu 20.04 the unit tmp.mount originally lives in /usr/share/systemd/tmp.mount.
Modifications done by the system administrator (user) go into /etc/systemd/system/ which is probably why these have higher priority.
I'm not sure why your unit resides in /etc/systemd/system/.
My guess is that your tmp.mount unit in /etc/systemd/system/ is interfering with the entry in fstab.
To confirm this change the following line in /etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount
Options=mode=1777,strictatime,nosuid,nodev

into
Options=mode=1777,strictatime,nosuid,nodev,size=YOURSIZE

To get the behaviour you desire, disable and remove the unit defined in /etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount.


Ubuntu 16.04 alongside Windows 10 - cannot start Ubuntu

You have to disable Fast startup and hibernation in Windows 10, otherwise Windows will always boot when you switch on your machine. Boot into Windows, open Command prompt as administrator and execute : powercfg /h off. Open Windows Control Panel, go to the Power Settings and uncheck Fast startup. In case this option is not visible, enable Show hidden settings. Shutdown the computer completely - do NOT reboot. Boot into BIOS and select Ubuntu as default operating system to boot.


Ubuntu missing from boot menu after setting up dual boot

You can also use Boot-Repair, it will auto repair and fix the existing OS boot.
Type this in terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Boot-Repair can be installed & used from any Ubuntu session (normal session, or live-CD, or live-USB). PPA packages are available for Ubuntu 10.04, 10.10, 11.04 and 11.10.

Using Boot-Repair

gksu boot-repair

Then try "Recommended repair" button. When repair is finished, reboot and check if you recovered access to your OSs.

The option "Recommended repair" will auto search existing boot OS and will auto fix the boot records.

For more option, you can set, look at the GUI interface:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


HTML pair tag highlight alternative for Geany editor on Ubuntu 14.04

You can install the pairtaghighlighter plugin from the geany-plugins master branch. Open a terminal and type the following commands:

sudo apt-get install git
cd /tmp
git clone https://github.com/geany/geany-plugins.git
cd geany-plugins/
sed -i 's/1.24/1.23/' wscript
./waf configure --enable-plugins=pairtaghighlighter
make all
sudo make install

Restart Geany and enable the plugin in Tools -> Plugin Manager:

Now you can easily highlight the two tags:


Where I'm making the mistake in here document?

echo doesn't read any information from stdin so you can't use a here-doc with it.

Use cat instead, like

cat<<End
anro
End


What will happen if I add repositories for other versions?

Here's how I handle it...

If a repository/PPA has an older version of Ubuntu than I'm currently running, I first make sure that I'm aware of the latest version of Ubuntu that the developer officially supports. I do this by going directly to the developer's software location and checking under the "dists" directory.

This typically happens when a software developer stops updating their application, or has stopped supporting it. The fact is that many old applications still work on current Ubuntu versions. I edit my Software & Updates to refer to the most current version that the developer has.

I'd be careful trying use a repository/PPA for a Ubuntu version more current than my own. The applications may require things that aren't available in my current Ubuntu version. So I never change my configuration to use newer versions.


I don't know of any software that allows you to make calls from a sim card in a mobile broadband USB modem. To the best of my knowledge,although phone call support is available with Gammu, it's hardware dependent and according to this page http://wammu.eu/phones/huawei/5335/ your device is only supported for SMS. To use that you can install Gammu. Gammu is a command line utility with a GUI front end named Wammu.

If you wish to install Wammu and the most recent version of Gammu (which is needed for Wammu)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nijel/ppa

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install wammu gammu

If installing its important to set wammu config properly with the best information found here http://wammu.eu/docs/manual/config/ with reference to your device http://wammu.eu/phones/huawei/5335/


Hot-key support for second language on LibreOffice

I am delighted to report that B"H (=God be blessed) I stepped on the ultimate solution for that highly counter-productive bug!

Only change your desktop from unity to Cinnamon/KDE and you're done (tested on 16.04 LTS).
changing the desktop means changing the GUI that ubuntu wears. install "synaptic package manager", then search and install the cinnamon-desktop package.
then reboot, and in the login screen don't just type your password and hit enter, but notice a small ubuntu logo that apears near the password field.
click it, choose the cinnamon desktop.
login.
start libreoffice and type something in hebrew.
click ctrl+z and see it disapear.
praise your lord and give some charity for gratification!


Is there any way to boot Windows 7 partition in virtual machine?

Yes, both Virtualbox and VMWare virtual machines will boot from a physical partition provided they are started with the appropriate permissions (gksudo/sudo).
The problem lies with Windows, in that its driver settings, particularly for storage devices, are not portable. Unless you modify the Windows registry to force start storage drivers for both the physical and virtual machines, you will mostly likely end up with a 0x0000007B STOP blue screen error each time which will require a restore or modifying the registry to fix.

See this guide for hints on how to do this and troubleshoot 0x7B errors if you want to try (it discusses physical-to-virtual conversions).


The biggest problem here is not being able to overwrite the same file. We need to move the file out of the way and then write the new one with qt-faststart and then clean up:

find -iname '*m4a' -exec sh -c 'mv "{}" tmp; qt-faststart tmp "{}"; rm tmp' \;

Bish bash bosh, fixed album.


Think of upstream and downstream as if you're standing in the middle of a river. "Upstream" is where the water flows from, "downstream" is where it flows to.

In very few words, an "upstream" program (or library) is when it is retrieved from the developers, as opposed to "downstream" which means you retrieve it from your distribution of choice - such as Debian. You can package an upstream program to make it available "downstream", which is what the Debian manual entry explains.

Someone explained this even better, here:
https://serverfault.com/questions/195952/what-does-upstream-and-downstream-mean
and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_%28software_development%29


Depending on what you do:

/tmp
/var/{lock,cache,run,tmp}
/run

/var/{run,lock} maybe symbolic links (to /run and /run/lock respectively).

/tmp and /var/cache are not worth syncing for obvious reasons.
Files in /run and /run/lock are too process-specific to be retained.
/var/tmp is supposed to contain data to be preserved across reboots (unlike /tmp, where a reboot is free to wipe it clean), so it may or may not be worth backing up.

Ideally you should examine what the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard says about each directory, see if Ubuntu is compliant, and then pick out those folders worth backing up.


PiTiVi crashes with segmentation fault on importing .mp4 files

That does sound like a bug in PiTiVi.  You could try other video editing software like Avidemux or try to convert the video to a format more likely to work with OggConvert.  Both are supposed to be able to handle mp4 files.