Why is Vim no longer installed in 12.04 desktops and is there a better alternative?

I think most desktop user use nano or gedit... if you install Ubuntu Server vim is still installed by default.

If you type vim on a 12.04 desktop you get:

The program 'vim' can be found in the following packages:
 * vim
 * vim-gnome
 * vim-tiny
 * vim-athena
 * vim-gtk
 * vim-nox

Try installing any of these with sudo apt-get install <selected package>


I would argue you should ask in the Liquorix forums. Only a few people here have experience with the patches it uses.

Something to try before you do though, and it'll sound silly, but have you run alsamixer and checked that it isn't muted? Sounds silly, but you wouldn't be the first person to overlook it. We've all done it at least once ;)


Ubuntu 12.04 login screen finite loop and keep end my session

[Solution]

I looked carefully at the (above) update history.log file and I found some non-official  xorg xserver packages versions installed:

$ apt-cache show xserver-xorg-video-intel | grep "Version"
Version: 2:2.21.0+git20130204.9640640a-0ubuntu0ricotz~precise
Version: 2:2.19.0-0ubuntu1~xup1
Version: 2:2.17.0-1ubuntu4.2
Version: 2:2.17.0-1ubuntu4

like xserver-xorg-video-intel Version: 2:2.21.0+git20130204.9640640a-0ubuntu0ricotz~precise.

I remembered that I was added a non-official PPA xorg-edgers “xorg crack pushers” team they're responsible for xserver-xorg-video-intel 2:2.21.0+git20130204.9640640a-0ubuntu0ricotz~precise and I suspected that should be the issue.

So I removed the PPA xorg-edgers:

Ubuntu Software Center > edit > Software Sources > Other Software

removed all packages related of xserver and xorg:

sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg-video-intel
sudo apt-get remove --purge xorg
sudo apt-get remove --purge xorg-*
sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg-core
sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-*

clean apt cache:

sudo apt-get autoclean; sudo apt-get clean;

reinstall xorg and ubuntu-desktop:

sudo apt-get install xorg ubuntu-desktop

and restart.

Back to ubuntu-desktop UI I reset lightdm, xserver-xorg and unity configurations:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightgdm
sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg
unity --reset

My ubuntu is stable once again! (^-^)


Make some files be persistent between system formats?

I suggest you run LXC - containers. Within a few minutes, you can create a new "virtual machine" (not entirely virtual, but virtual enough for this sort of thing). You can install all your testy stuff inside this container, it behaves like it's another computer. Then, later, you can delete the container, and it won't have any effect on anything else. You can make as many containers as you like, with very little overhead.

Check out https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/lxc.html for more about Linux Containers.


What UBUNTU iso do I use for my Old Powerbook G4 Mac, 17 " 1.33 with Radeon

You probably have sorted this by now, but Lubuntu is less painful because it it does not seem to rely on radeon.

I am assuming you have ATI Radeon not NVidia GPU.

Once Lubuntu is installed, you can install gnome and unity but it is not quite perfect - for example login screen remains in a Lubuntu configuration.

I have used several, latest being 13.04.

On booting live CD you will need to use

live video=radeonfb:1024x768-32@60

You can try other resolutions, depths and refresh rates to suit your machine.

For 17" PowerBook G4 it should be

live video=radeonfb:1440x900-24@60 or
live video=radeonfb:1440x900-32@60


So you've messed with GRUB.

One easy, fool-proof solution (if not the fastest) is to install Boot Repair. Follow their instructions.

If you've managed to get a shell prompt, you might be able to run apt-get commands. Or grab an Ubuntu live CD (tricky if this is your only computer), boot from it then live install Boot Repair (see 2nd option paragraph). It works miracles.

If you're feeling lucky, have a look at the GRUB troubleshooting page, but this assumes you already know your way around your partitions. This page contains interesting commands. The trick is to find out what X and Y values to use.

Don't ever mess with GRUB unless you know what you're doing. And of course, backup your disk before experimenting. Should anything go wrong, you can still restore it. Less pain at the end of the day.


"The program 'g++' can be found in the following packages"

The package g++ is a metapackage that depends on the last version of g++. In raring it depends on g++-4.7:

apt-cache depends g++
g++
  Depends: cpp
  Depends: gcc
  Depends: g++-4.7
  Depends: gcc-4.7
  Suggests: g++-multilib
  Conflicts: g++:i386

The packages/binaries you are looking for is g++-4.8 and g++-4.7:

apt-cache policy g++-4.7
g++-4.7:
  Installed: 4.7.3-1ubuntu1
  Candidate: 4.7.3-1ubuntu1
  Version table:
 *** 4.7.3-1ubuntu1 0
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

g++-4.8 isn't available in raring. To use any of them you have to imply them:

$ type g++
g++ is /usr/bin/g++
$ ls -l /usr/bin/g++
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 abr 22  2013 /usr/bin/g++ -> g++-4.7
$ type g++-4.7
g++-4.7 is /usr/bin/g++-4.7

If you have installed g++-4.7 you need to declare that you want to use g++-4.7.


Can I install updates while software center is installing?

You cannot install two program simultaneously in Ubuntu. If you tried this in the terminal you would have got the message that apt-get is in use by an other application and is locked. Infact if you were installing two application in the Ubuntu Software Center it would first finish the installation of the first before it starts installing the second application.

Technical Explanation

This is because Ubuntu is based on Debian and Debian package management is based on apt, which is based in turn on dpkg. dpkg uses a very simple lock-file semantic for protection of its databases. While dpkg is installing from one or more .deb packages, no other dpkg process can alter the database. Further, while one apt-get process is downloading packages, no other apt-get process can run except in download-only mode.

This is something you cannot override this atleast to my knowledge.


How your system handles pinyin input largely depends on the system input method. From your pictures I am unable to figure out which one you use. Is it sunpinyin?

Have you considered installing Sogou Pinyin? Sogou has no problem handling the phrases nihaoma and zheme -- I have just checked it on my system.

I have posted instructions on how to install Sogou Pinyin on an Ubuntu machine here


Ubuntu 18.04 detects wired connection and has access to LAN connections, but can't reach the internet

This sounds like a routing issue - you can review your routes with ip route. If the first line doesn't start with default via <ipaddress> then that's probably it. You can add a default route with sudo ip route add default via <ipaddress>

There should only be one default route.

Also remember that the most specific route is traversed first. For example, if you want to get to 10.1.1.20, this will be sent on the adaptor with 10.1.1.0/25, not the adaptor with 10.1.1.0/24. Also have a look at the adaptor Metric, with the lower the metric having a higher priority.

It's possible that you might have some firewall rules blocking your traffic if there is some assymetric routing happening i.e. traffic going out one adaptor and returning on another.

You can also disable ipv6 until reboot with
sudo sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1

If you think it might be a DNS issue, you can check your settings with
systemd-resolve --status and
cat /etc/resolv.conf


Format the free space an "Extended" partition. This will allow you to add four additional partitions inside that Extended partition. There's no repercussion for doing this. Back on 7.04 I used to have my Ubuntu installed like this.

Another option is to run Wubi.exe from the disk while in Windows. This will (as far as I recall) place an Ubuntu folder at the root of the drive with a file that acts as the filesystem for an Ubuntu installation. It also adds an entry to the boot.ini file so that when you boot Windows you have the option of either booting Windows or Ubuntu (Both of which physically exist on the Windows partition, but are logically separate). This will require enough space in the Windows filesystem to install Ubuntu (roughly 2.5G I think).


There is a chance you have not initialized alsa, try

alsactl init

If this gets your speaker working again make sure alsa starts every time you boot by following this link


Can I run the Unity launcher in GNOME 3?

You can't really mix both, but there's a GNOME Shell extension that replicates the Unity launcher and Dash: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/330/bolt/

You might also want to try this: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/307/dash-to-dock/


libomniORB4.so.1: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS64

The linker is complaining that it can't link a 64-bit library to a 32-bit program. If you  have a 32-bit system you should install 32-bit programs and libraries. If you have a 64-bit system, you can install either 32-bit or 64-bit programs, but if you install 32-bit you have to ensure that it will get linked against 32-bit libraries. If that is the case, see this answer for how to do so.


Enter

chrome://settings/passwords

in the address line and click on the eye () symbols next to the accounts.


How can I add back Documents and Music to my folder bookmarks?

To add them back you have to edit the file ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs and add them back in, this is the file how it looks on my system as i have changed the names all to be different and lower case:

# This file is written by xdg-user-dirs-update
# If you want to change or add directories, just edit the line you're
# interested in. All local changes will be retained on the next run
# Format is XDG_xxx_DIR="$HOME/yyy", where yyy is a shell-escaped
# homedir-relative path, or XDG_xxx_DIR="/yyy", where /yyy is an
# absolute path. No other format is supported.
#
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/share"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/doc"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/"

You can edit this with gedit via the GUI or with your prefered text editor in terminal. If the file keeps changing back make it read only to prevent the system from changing it.


HDMI connection problem -- Dell Inspiron 3531 on ubuntu 14.04

You have to add a new mode with a new resolution...
You can do it and apply the new resolution using the command:

xrandr --addmode <connection_type> 1200x1000_60.00

Where <connection_type> is usually VGA1, DP1 or HDMI1.


How can I quickly switch between two out of multiple languages?

1. Toggle between two (fixed) languages

What you describe is basically a keyboard shortcut to toggle between two input languages. The script below will offer the option.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import sys

args = sys.argv[1:]
k = ["org.gnome.desktop.input-sources", "current"]

def get(command):  return subprocess.check_output(command).decode("utf-8")

currlang = get(["gsettings", "get", k[0], k[1]]).strip().split()[-1]
newlang = args[1] if currlang == args[0] else args[0]
subprocess.Popen(["gsettings", "set", k[0], k[1], newlang])

How to use

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as set_lang.py
In a terminal window, run the command:

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.input-sources sources

This will output like:

[('xkb', 'us+intl'), ('xkb', 'us'), ('xkb', 'nl')]

This list represents your input languages. The index of the languages is equal to the position in the list, starting with 0, e.g. ('xkb', 'us') has index 1 (in my case).
Now test-run the script to toggle between two indexes. To toggle between ('xkb', 'us+intl') and ('xkb', 'nl') (index 0 and 2):

python3 /path/to/set_lang.py 1 3

where bot languages are represented by the arguments

1 3

If all works fine, add it to a shortut key: choose: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts". Click the "+" and add the command:

python3 /path/to/set_lang.py 1 3

to a shortcut of your choice.

You can then use the existing shortcut to browse all languages, or (of course) the menu.

Short explanation

The available languages can be retrieved by the command:

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.input-sources sources

The currently set language can be retrieved by the command:

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.input-sources current

which will output (a.o.) the index of the currently set language.
We can set the language by (e.g.) the command:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources current 0

to set the language to the first in the list (index 0)

In short: if we run the script we two languages (indices) as arguments, the script will look what is the current index, will switch to the other one.

2. Toggle between the two last used languages

The version of the script below will switch between the two last used languages, which turned out to be similar to the behaviour of MacOs.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import os

k = ["org.gnome.desktop.input-sources", "current"]
stored = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"], ".lastlang")

def get(command):  return subprocess.check_output(command).decode("utf-8")

currlang = get(["gsettings", "get", k[0], k[1]]).strip().split()[-1]
try:
    newlang = open(stored).read().strip()
except FileNotFoundError:
    newlang = currlang

open(stored, "wt").write(currlang)
subprocess.Popen(["gsettings", "set", k[0], k[1], newlang])

I added this version as an additional option. The two last used languages will persist (be remembered) after reboot.

How to use

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as switchlang.py
Test- run the script by the command:

python3/ path/to/switchlang.py

After first run, switch language from the menu, now run

python3/ path/to/switchlang.py

again. From then on, the script will always toggle between the last two used languages.


Opening vivaldi opens sometimes in the same workspace but not always

I found out the reason it jumps to my other workspace is because i have tabs opened there allready. So it continues to open there.
Anyways.i made this with Wmctrl:
!/bin/bash
wmctrl -s 1 #Switches to workspace 1 [workspaces are numbered from 0]
&vivaldi url1 &vivaldi url2 &vivaldi url3 & #Opens tabs with specific urls.
The problem is that if i have vivaldi allready opened at workspace 0 and not in workspace 1, then this script creates those tabs in workspace 0.
To start a new instance of Vivaldi in workspace 1 i can however use Ctrl+n. And then off course run the script.
So how can i enter the shortcut "Ctrl + n" into this script?
Thanks


I faced the same problem on another Bay Trail Tablet, running 17.04 beta.
You get the keyboard by "apt install ubuntu-keyboard".
More: http://packages.ubuntu.com/source/yakkety/ubuntu-keyboard


Not exactly what you're asking for, but nearly...

You can remap X keyboard settings using the xmodmap command. You can see the current settings by running xmodmap -pke

Each keycode (which is a value associated with every key on your keyboard) can have up to 8 keysyms (which is essentially the output) attached to it. They are as follows:

When pressed on its own
When pressed with shift
When pressed with Mode switch enabled (seems to be obsolete)
When pressed with Mode switch and shift (seems to be obsolete)
When pressed with Alt-Gr (aka ISO_Level3_Shift in xmodmap terms)
When pressed with Alt-Gr and shift

So currently my "h" key looks like:

h H h H hstroke Hstroke

where the Hstroke keysym produces Ħ.

Unless you're using Alt-Gr to input non-ascii characters, you could remap h, j, k and l with Alt-Gr to do what you want. This would be:

xmodmap -e 'keycode 43 = h H h H Left Hstroke'
xmodmap -e 'keycode 44 = j J j J Up J'
xmodmap -e 'keycode 45 = k K k K Down ampersand'
xmodmap -e 'keycode 46 = l L l L Right Lstroke'

The Alt-Gr with shift entries aren't strictly necessary of course, I'm just preserving the values that already exist. You can find the keycode values by running the xev command from a terminal. xev displays X events, so you can press a key and find out information about it.

To make this setting permanent, you can add the following to .Xmodmap in your home directory

keycode 43 = h H h H Left Hstroke
keycode 44 = j J j J Up J
keycode 45 = k K k K Down ampersand
keycode 46 = l L l L Right Lstroke

Pressing Alt-Gr certainly isn't as nice as pressing Alt when using hjkl, but you I think you may struggle getting just Alt to work because it is used for menu access. You may be able to use the information in this answer along with the tools mentioned by Fraekkert to bind e.g. Alt-Shift-h instead, which may suit you better.

It's also possibly worth noting that you can set vi mode in bash (or whichever shell you use) by using set -o vi. This gives you vi like behaviour when editing command lines and history. I don't believe this looks at your .vimrc though, so don't expect your key remappings to work.


You must have configured NetBeans to use the system tomcat instance which fails because NetBeans doesn't and shouldn't have permissions to write to /usr/share/... (i.e. don't do what you've been told in (the) other answer(s)).

Instead configure NetBeans to use a tomcat instance in your home directory, e.g. by downloading a zip from their download site, extracting it and let NetBeans find it in the corresponding server setup (suppose you're looking for a Java Web server).


Open your terminal and paste as

 sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/librhythmbox-core7_3.0.1-0~13.10~ppa1_amd64.deb

hope thats going to help you.


How to automatically change wallpaper from interfacelift?

Reading their terms of service, the only thing you can get via automated means is the XML RSS feed. Even then, it feels like they don't really want you to do be doing that to pull down high-res backgrounds as they discuss how it would affect the site.

http://interfacelift.com/website/terms_of_service.php

  This web site is intended to be accessed via standard web browser
  software such as Apple Safari, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet
  Explorer, and similar products via direct interaction by a human. With
  the exception of publicly accessible RSS feeds provided in XML format,
  the web site and its associated files are not meant to be accessed via
  any automated means such as by scripts or bots or 3rd party
  applications.

  Be aware that if you utilize an automated means of accessing or
  downloading this web site, in whole or in part, your access to the
  site may be prevented, terminated, delayed, or slowed either
  temporarily or permanently, especially if you attempt to download more
  than 3 large files simulateously. This is necessary in order to
  protect the user-experience of the web site for those who access it in
  the manner envisioned by it's authors and architects.

  Please understand that automated access to the site, via scripts,
  bots, or other similar means can have the effect of seriously
  degrading the performance of the web site or incurring significant
  additional costs to its operators without sufficient revenue generated
  to cover those costs. Keep in mind, that even minor infractions
  against this policy can have a large negative effect when combined
  with similar actions by other users.

  We ask that you respect the above guidelines so that we may continue
  to offer the web site as a free resource to the world. We prefer to
  use our resources, both human and financial, to improve and expand the
  features and content of the web site. Your cooperation is essential.

That said, if they would allow you to do that it would probably require a custom job to run and create the necessary file to point to. I don't believe there is anything already available to do this (I've briefly searched)


How to check in a bash script if passed argument is file or directory?

Example script:

#!/bin/bash
# This is a simple demo script
# It takes 3 parameters and checks if they are files or directories

echo "Welcome to my script"

if [[ -f "$1" || -d "$1" ]]
then
    echo "The First argument is a file or directory"
fi

if [[ -f "$2" || -d "$2" ]]
then
    echo "The second argument is a file or directory"
fi

if [[ -f "$3" || -d "$3" ]]
then
    echo "The third argument is a file or directory"
fi

echo "Bye!"

Example scenario

I saved script as ~/script.sh and did chmod +x script.sh

karimov-danil@Karimov-Danil:~$ ./script.sh "Шаб лоны" "Обще доступные" "ta lk"
Welcome to my script
The First argument is a file or directory
The second argument is a file or directory
The third argument is a file or directory
Bye!

Note: you should pass arguments inside double-quotes.


"print()" is producing undesired output in Visual Studio Code

You are using Python 2.
To use Python 3 you need to change the Python interpreter in Visual Studio Code. See instructions on Using Python Environments in Visual Studio Code
You need to go to command pallete and use python:select interpreter and select Python 3 interpreter.

In Python 3 you should get the following output.

enter number: 7
enter 7


The closest you can get to gcc 4.4.7 in Ubuntu 18.04 is to install gcc-4.8 from the default Ubuntu repositories. To install it open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install gcc-4.8

The gcc package in 18.04 provides gcc 7. The latest gcc package in 18.04 is gcc-8.


"dpkg: error processing package keyboard-configuration" after do-release-upgrade to 16.04.4 LTS

The problem was having /etc/default/keyboard not writable.
Permissions where ok

$ ls -l /etc/default/keyboard
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 88 feb 27 23:05 /etc/default/keyboard

but file attributes where wrong:

$ lsattr /etc/default/keyboard
----i--------e-- /etc/default/keyboard

The (i) attrb means immutable.
See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattr.

Solution:

$ chattr -i /etc/default/keyboard
$ apt remove keyboard-configuration
$ apt install keyboard-configuration
$ apt upgrade


How can I find out the proxy address I am behind?

you can find your proxy in two ways. Open your terminal with CTRL+ALT+T then

Method 1:

env | grep -i proxy

Description: It will search proxy string in the env command which lists all system environmental variables.

Method 2:

cat /etc/environment


Adding Android SDK platform-tools to PATH downloaded from umake

This worked for me

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME"/android-sdk-linux/platform-tools"


Netgear WNA3100 wifi dongle not recognized

Just used ndiswrapper to install a WN3100-100ENS on Lubuntu 16.04.1.  Almost easily, it got to the state where the driver was installed and present.

But it took much longer for me to get connected to my wireless router (with wpa2 security).  So, I added wpa_gui, which seemed to get things rolling. But, still push button WPA didn't work, many manual attempts failed, mostly with password rejection.  In the end, I needed "linssid" which reported that my modem expected WPA2 and TKIP -- so in wpa_gui, I used these parameters to add the "network" (SSID, etc).  It connected immediately.  (Before trying this, I had expected that the required connection parameters would be discovered automatically)

Actually, I just noticed that there is a status tab in wpa_gui, and you can scan for networks there. Also, the network notification applet in the task bar, seems to be unaware that I do have a wi-fi connection.  You also have to run wpa_gui with "sudo" in a terminal window (even though it shows up as a menu item).  On my Lubuntu system, if you use the network notification interface on the task bar, you will continously get asked for the password. Also, once you connect through wpa_gui, this task bar interface thinks that wifi is disconnected.  The only interface I have found which works is wpa encryption is wpa_gui.


Do following from root or user with sudo rights:

sudo usermod -l new_username current_username

sudo mv /home/current_username /home/new_username

sudo usermod -d /home/new_username new_username

And optional, but not sufficient (I think usermod should change only login name, but not your UID)

sudo chown -R new_username /home/new_username

I believe it will be enough for changing user name. Please note, never do that from current user name!!! Log in as root or another user with sudo rights.

See good article on Arch Linux wiki (applicable to all common Linux distros)

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_username


Is there a way to shorten(not remove) the path displayed in the terminal by an alias

This will do:

PS1='\u@\h:$(
    case $PWD in
       $HOME/xxx/yyy/zzz/src) echo "datasource ;;
       *) echo "\w" ;;
    esac
)\$'

That gives you the flexibility to define other special directories as well.

Aliases won't help you here.

To reduce duplication, put all your special dirs in an array, and use that to generate your aliases and also your prompt. Put all this in your ~/.bashrc:

declare -A labels=(
    [$HOME/xxx/yyy/zzz/src]=datasource
    [$HOME/foo/bar]=baz
)
for path in "${!labels[@]}"; do
    alias "${labels[$path]}"="$path"
done
function path_label () {
    local IFS=:
    if [[ ":${!labels[*]}:" == *:"$PWD":* ]]; then
        # we're in a "known" dir
        echo "${labels[$PWD]}"
    else
        return 1
    fi
}
PS1='\u@\h:$( path_label || echo "\w" )\$'


The closest you can get, I believe, is Tools - Cover Manager

You can Load or Add to Playlist from there.


How to use secret-tool in cronjob with non-root user?

The simple answer is "You can't".

secret-tool uses the $DISPLAY variable to find the GUI to display stuff.

Running through cron, there's no GUI.

One could copy the $DISPLAY variable from the GUI environment to the cronjob ( and read man xhost), but that would make secret-tool's prompts appear on your screen, which defeats the purpose of cron.

Also, because secret-tool deals with Authentication, it might detect and forbid this situation, or might need other environment variables.


ubuntu package repository backup problem

I write a little script, some times ago, to obtain what you ask. Yes, the output should be refined, but it gives you a good hint to what you need (aptitude is required).

It essentially takes all packages installed not automatically after the end of the installation of the system, conventionally marked by the grub-pc package installation.

#!/bin/bash

export LC_COLLATE=C

eval $(lesspipe)

vars=($(less /var/log/dpkg.log* | sort |
  grep 'status installed grub-pc' | head -1))
date="${vars[0]}"
time="${vars[1]}"

join \
  <(aptitude -F%p search '?installed?not(?automatic)' |
    sort) \
  <(less /var/log/dpkg.log* |
    sort |
    awk -v date=$date -v time=$time '(($1 == date && $2 > time) || $1 > date)
      && $3 == "install" { print $4 }' |
    sort -u)


High number of ethernet errors. Tool for testing the ethernet card?

You have the right tool with ifconfig - it is showing you the card packet errors.

You've tested correctly by trying another network card, and still getting errors, so eliminating card & driver issues.

So the problem is upstream - faulty switch or cable.

Keep swapping bits one at a time till you find the problem.


Default dock replaced by dash-to-dock type dock

I had the same issue. Turns out these are stored in gsettings. So, to get back to the default Ubuntu Dock state, you can reset all of the associated properties:

gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock activate-single-window
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-hotkey-1
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-shift-hotkey-6
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock custom-theme-running-dots-border-width
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock intellihide-mode
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock shift-click-action
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock animate-show-apps
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-hotkey-2
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-shift-hotkey-7
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock custom-theme-running-dots-color
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock isolate-monitors
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock shift-middle-click-action
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock animation-time
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-hotkey-3
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-shift-hotkey-8
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock custom-theme-shrink
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock isolate-workspaces
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock shortcut
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock apply-custom-theme
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-hotkey-4
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-shift-hotkey-9
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock dash-max-icon-size
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock max-alpha
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock shortcut-text
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock apply-glossy-effect
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-hotkey-5
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-shift-hotkey-10
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock dock-fixed
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock middle-click-action
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock shortcut-timeout
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-ctrl-hotkey-1
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-hotkey-6
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock autohide
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock dock-position
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock minimize-shift
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock show-apps-at-top
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-ctrl-hotkey-2
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-hotkey-7
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock autohide-in-fullscreen
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock extend-height
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock min-alpha
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock show-delay
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-ctrl-hotkey-3
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-hotkey-8
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock background-color
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock force-straight-corner
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock multi-monitor
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock show-favorites
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-ctrl-hotkey-4
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-hotkey-9
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock background-opacity
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock height-fraction
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock preferred-monitor
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock show-mounts
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-ctrl-hotkey-5
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-hotkey-10
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock bolt-support
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock hide-delay
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock pressure-threshold
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock show-running
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-ctrl-hotkey-6
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-shift-hotkey-1
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock click-action
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock hotkeys-overlay
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock require-pressure-to-show
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock show-show-apps-button
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-ctrl-hotkey-7
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-shift-hotkey-2
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock customize-alphas
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock hotkeys-show-dock
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock running-indicator-dominant-color
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock show-trash
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-ctrl-hotkey-8
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-shift-hotkey-3
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock custom-background-color
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock hot-keys
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock running-indicator-style
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock show-windows-preview
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-ctrl-hotkey-9
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-shift-hotkey-4
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock custom-theme-customize-running-dots
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock icon-size-fixed
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock scroll-action
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock transparency-mode
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-ctrl-hotkey-10
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock app-shift-hotkey-5
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock custom-theme-running-dots-border-color
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock intellihide
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock scroll-switch-workspace
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock unity-backlit-items


Is it possible to take a snapshot of / (or other) filesystem, like in VirtualBox?

rsync

Taking snapshot of root partition will make possible to roll back to previous state

We call that a backup procedure and for incremental backups you can use rsync ;)

rsync is a utility software and network protocol for Unix-like systems (with ports to Windows) that synchronizes files and directories from one location to another while minimizing data transfer by using delta encoding when appropriate. Quoting the official website: "rsync is a file transfer program for Unix systems. rsync uses the 'rsync algorithm' which provides a very fast method for bringing remote files into sync."3 An important feature of rsync not found in most similar programs/protocols is that the mirroring takes place with only one transmission in each direction.why? rsync can copy or display directory contents and copy files, optionally using compression and recursion.

Remote Backup
Backup over a network is possible, preferably the user should mount the network share to be backed up to prior to launching the program. The share would then be listed in the Browse GUI and could easily be added. There is no separate section for network, if more advanced features are required the user is encouraged to look at alternatives, of which there are many.
Grsync
Grsync is a graphical front end:

More information:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/rsync

The link has several examples on configuration.
Rsync allows you restore with a timestamp (so if have backups made every second you could also restore it to that second. Not that this is a workable method for a complete system ;-) )

Xen Hypervisor
There are more methods: Xen Hypervisor.
You could run all your operating systems in hypervisors (ie. virtual machines). Xen is an example of such a setup. Basically you turn ALL your operating systems into VMs and you can copy a VM container over to a new name and you would have a backup or restore point.
From the link:

Xen is a type 1, bare-metal virtual machine monitor (or hypervisor), which provides the ability to run one or more operating system instances on the same physical machine. Xen, like other types of virtualization, is useful for many use cases such as server consolidation and isolation of production and development environments (e.g. corporate and personal environments on the same system).
As of Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric), the default kernel included in Ubuntu can be used directly with the Xen hypervisor as the management (or control) domain (Dom0 or Domain0 in Xen terminology).
The rest of this guide gives a basic overview of how to set up a basic Xen system and create simple guests. Our example uses LVM for virtual disks and network bridging for virtual network cards. It also assumes Xen 4.1 (the version available in 12.04) and the xend toolstack. It assumes a familiarity with general virtualization issues, as well as with the specific Xen terminology. Please see the Xen wiki for more information.

LVM
Yet another method would be LVM

LVM stands for Logical Volume Management. It is a system of managing logical volumes, or filesystems, that is much more advanced and flexible than the traditional method of partitioning a disk into one or more segments and formatting that partition with a filesystem.
Snapshots
This is something you simply can not do without LVM. It allows you freeze an existing Logical Volume in time, at any moment, even while the system is running. You can continue to use the original volume normally, but the snapshot volume appears to be an image of the original, frozen in time at the moment you created it. You can use this to get a consistent filesystem image to back up, without shutting down the system. You can also use it to save the state of the system, so that you can later return to that state if you mess things up. You can even mount the snapshot volume and make changes to it, without affecting the original.

rsnapshot

rsnapshot iss a filesystem snapshot utility. It can take incremental snapshots of local and remote filesystems for any number of machines.
Local filesystem snapshots are handled with rsync. Secure remote connections are handled with rsync over ssh, while anonymous rsync connections simply use an rsync server. Both remote and local transfers depend on rsync.

Example:
[root@localhost /]# rsnapshot -v daily
echo 1842 > /var/run/rsnapshot.pid
/bin/rm -rf /.snapshots/daily.6/
mv /.snapshots/daily.5/ /.snapshots/daily.6/
mv /.snapshots/daily.4/ /.snapshots/daily.5/
mv /.snapshots/daily.3/ /.snapshots/daily.4/
mv /.snapshots/daily.2/ /.snapshots/daily.3/
mv /.snapshots/daily.1/ /.snapshots/daily.2/
mv /.snapshots/daily.0/ /.snapshots/daily.1/
mv /.snapshots/hourly.5/ /.snapshots/daily.0/
rm -f /var/run/rsnapshot.pid
[root@localhost /]#


How can I change/move the default folder that photos are uploaded to when using the Ubuntu One Files app for iOS?

Currently the iOS version of Ubuntu One Files is not able to change which directory uploaded photos are uploaded to. I enquired whether this function will be added and was told that this should be added in a future update to the application. This functionality is already available to users of the Ubuntu One Files Android application.

I imagine that the procedure for doing what you ask will be the same as you currently do for the Android app, so I'll add the steps here and it should be approximately the same when the functionality is eventually added to iOS.

Firstly in Ubuntu create the new folder where you want the pictures to be uploaded to, then right click on the folder and select Synchronise this Folder from the Ubuntu One section in the menu:

When the functionality is added to the iOS app you should be able to select this newly created folder through the settings menu and all new photos will be uploaded to this folder. In the Android app this setting is located in Settings > Auto Upload Settings > Upload Photos to: The iOS options will probably be similar when they are added.


Same problem here. The desktop freezes after a login into Unity desktop environnement.

The solution was to force the previous nvidia-current driver.

Log in with the desktop environnement 'ubuntu safe mode' (without compiz)
deactivate the PPA for the nvidia drivers
(Perhaps it is possible to also use the previous ppa driver, but its not tested)
Force 'nvidia-current' Version 270.41.06-0ubuntu1 instead of 270.41.06-0ubuntu1.1
After the deupate process completed do a reboot

I hope it solves your problem too.

Greetz
Adreamus


How to raise failed network interfaces after upgrade to Ubuntu 16.04

In 16.04, because of persistent naming, your interface is probably no longer eth0. Check:

ifconfig

For example, my ethernet interface is now enp0s25. Correct your /etc/network/interfaces file as needed and then:

sudo ifdown enp0s25 && sudo ifup enp0s25

Of course, substitue your interface name as needed.

Why is enp#s# in stead of eth# ? Whats the meaning of enp#s#?


I have 120GB SSD and 930GB HDD. BIOS. Want to have Windows 7, Ubuntu, Manjaro

I suggest that you might want to look into Type 1 Hypervisors if you want speed (aka Bare Metal Hypervisors) [I personally have not used this]

If you want to give up a bit of speed and go for convenience then look to Type 2 Hypervisors (aka Virtual Machines). This is great especially if you need two of them to run at the same time. You can make use of Shared Folders to transfer files.

Read more here: http://searchservervirtualization.techtarget.com/tip/Virtualization-hypervisor-comparison-Type-1-vs-Type-2-hypervisors

Edit: I might not have fully answered your question but I personally am not a big fan of dual booting.


How can I compile and install that patched libata-eh.c file?

I guess I found the answer. But I'm not quite sure. Because developers have not sent a mail about it yet.

cd Downloads/linux-3.3.5/drivers/ata/

make -C /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build M=$PWD

sudo make -C /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build M=$PWD modules_install

sudo depmod -a

sudo update-initramfs -u


How to Add empty index.html from each folder and subfolder?

find top/level/directory -type d -exec touch {}/index.html \;

This will find all directories (-type d) and for each, execute the command touch {}/index.html where {} is replaced by the path name of the directory. touch creates a file if it doesn't exist; if it does, touch does nothing.

The \; at the end signifies the end of the touch command.

Just replace top/level/directory by the proper path name for your web site.


How do I recompile Python 2.7 on Ubuntu 12.04?

I would suggest that whatever problem you have it will not be solved by recompiling the python version. Python 2.7.x is standard on Ubuntu 12.04 and is used by many Ubuntu utils, I would not advise trying to install a recompiled version over it.

As gertvdijk suggests, a more specific description of the problem may help.

Can you try starting the python interpreter by opening a terminal window and typing:

$python
Python 2.7.4 (default, Apr 19 2013, 18:28:01)
[GCC 4.7.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

When the intepreter starts, then  type

>>>import sqlite3

If you get no response (other than a newline here) then python has access to sqlite module.

If you get some error output, post it here, and we can take it from there.

Rob


How to save and retrieve files being downloaded by transmission bittorrent client?

Different torrent clients will keep track of ongoing downloads in different ways. Transmission does its bookkeeping in files in ~/.config/transmission in a binary format that is not intended for viewing.

However, files in a torrent that have not finished downloading will have a .part suffix attached to the file name. After the file has downloaded completely, the .part suffix is removed. Files that have not even started downloading will not be present.

Files with a proper name (i.e. without the .part) can therefore be safely copied elsewhere. Manually removing files before the download has finished will break the torrent though.

If you exit Transmission, copy the files that have been wholly or partly downloaded and the files in ~/.config/transmission to a different system, I can see no reason why Transmission would not be able to simply resume downloading at the other location. (Exiting Transmission first is necessary to preserve integrity.) It wouldn't be much different from exiting and resuming Transmission on the same system.


Error finding preseed file when booting the UbuntuServer installer via iPXE through HTTP

I can see two options:

Change the APPEND line so that it uses static IP settings instead of going out looking for DHCP. This way it should never see the DHCP filename.
Change your DHCP server configuration so that it serves the filename only to requests not from a Debian installer. The example given in the Installation guide can be easily adapted:

# your normal settings
if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 3) != "d-i" {
    filename "http://192.168.1.1/pxelinux.0";
}


How to lock mouse cursor to the middle of the screen? (18.04)

Try watch -n0 xdotool x y, note that you'll have to install xdotool using sudo apt-get install -y xdotool.

Your terminal output should like the following, with the added drawback that you have to tab out and ctrl+c to kill it if you need to release the mouse. Happy gaming!

  Every 5.0s: xdotool mousemove 683 380


You can use umount -f -l /mnt/myfolder, and that will fix the problem.

-f – Force unmount (in case of an unreachable NFS system). (Requires kernel 2.1.116 or later.)
-l – Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the filesystem hierarchy now, and cleanup all references to the filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore. (Requires kernel 2.4.11 or later.)

Source:Linux Complete Command Reference


How do I add an SSH key to a google compute cloud VPS instance?

Probably a too late answer, but here it is

ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/google_compute_engine -C <service-account>

Then

gcloud compute ssh <service-account> --command="bash xxxxxx"


Help with find command to identify SUID file please?

See this question for an explanation of -perm /mode vs. -perm -mode. I admit, it's not very intuitive, but:

find . -type f -name immersive -user linux -perm -u=sx -ls
# or
find . -type f -name immersive -user linux -perm -4100 -ls

will do as you ask.

The -perm -4100 means: find any file that has 4 (=setuid) set AND 1 (=x) set for the user while ignoring the remaining bits (group and other).

The -perm /4100 on the other hand means: find any file that has EITHER 4 (=setuid) set OR 1 (=x) set for the user (or both) while ignoring the remaining bits.

So /mode will find more files than -mode.

In case it isn't obvious (because I focussed on the -perm flag): the others mean: find a file (-type f) with name immersive owned by user linux. All these conditions are ANDed.

To view the contents of the found files you can either cat them one by one, i.e. issue

cat .../immersive

for each found file or let the find command do that for you:

find . -type f -name immersive -user linux -perm -4100 -exec cat {} \;

This will find the files according to the conditions above but instead of printing their names and attributes (-ls) will execute the cat command for each found file.


How to start firefox in fullscreen mode?

on Linux (works on debian jessie):

firefox -url http://superuser.com &
xdotool search --sync --onlyvisible --class "Firefox" windowactivate key F11

firefox line - starts firefox with url and detaches from terminal ("&"). "&" is required, otherwise following script won't execute while firefox exits.

xdotool line searches window with partial name "Firefox" (partial name of running app window can be determinated by xwininfo), activates firefox window, sends key F11 to Firefox.

This code is bit better than YumYumYum's solution (sending key only when firefox actualy started. sleep is not really usable approach, cause can miss firefox on slow/overloaded computers or too late on fast computers)

sorry for late answer (missed 6 years)


Lubuntu 32-bit, How to get Panoramio images to work in Google Earth

There is no simple solution for Google Earth 7 in Ubuntu 32 bit yet.

But you can use Google Earth 6, for example from there: googleearth_6.0.2.2074

In this version Panoramio images works well.


When you install Gnome, do you still have access to Ubuntu standard desktop?

Unity, Gnome Shell and Gnome Fallback Sesion are just different GUIs for the Gnome3 desktop. You can choose at login which one you want to use by clicking on the "gears" symbol.


Eclipse doesn't have a traditional install or uninstall process. Only a folder of an application is created plus the workspace which you created. If you used the Eclipse Installer, you may also have a bundle pool folder named .p2 under your user home directory. There can also be .eclipse in your user home. Other than that, there shouldn't be anything Eclipse-related. Uninstalling is just removing those folders.

Based on comments from Eclipse Community Forums


WiFi on Lenovo ideapad running Ubuntu 16.04

These newer Atheros wifi cards do not work well with power management enabled.  You can disable power management with

sudo sed -i 's/wifi.powersave = 3/wifi.powersave = 2/' /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf

Reboot


How to secure system users which only runs application processes?

You just need to lock the account so that no valid password can be entered:

sudo passwd -l username

Now login to this account with a password is disabled, but login via su (from a process running with root permissions (such as sudo -i)) or ssh-keys (which you have probably not enabled) would still be possible. I don't recommend disabling the account completely because the programs you need it for could not run.

You could accomplish almost the same by editing /etc/shadow with  the command sudo vipw -s (vipw locks the file to prevent corruption and calls your favorite CLI editor) and replacing the string after the first colon with !.

 mysysuser:!:15819:0:99999:7:::

If you take the second route it's advisable to back up /etc/shadow (in case of a mistake). One way is sudo cp /etc/shadow /etc/shadow.old. Once the new configuration works, remove the backup (sudo rm /etc/shadow.old), as it may be regarded as bad to have extra unnecessary copies of users' password hashes lying around (once a password is changed the hash should go away so old hashes cannot be cracked to gain access to other systems where old passwords may still be set).


sublime text 3 is slow in 14.04(vmware), but smooth in 12.04(vmware)

Did you install the VMware Tools? (VMware Fusion -> Virtual Machine -> Reinstall VMware Tools) For me that solves several performance related issues. Also check how much resources you give to the vm. I gave it 4 cores and 4GB of RAM. I'm running 14.04 in VMware Fusion and ST3 runs very well.


How to remove all but number from hexdump output?

You can use xxd to create plain-style hex dump

$ xxd -p /etc/passwd | head -n 3
726f6f743a783a303a303a726f6f743a2f726f6f743a2f62696e2f626173
680a6461656d6f6e3a783a313a313a6461656d6f6e3a2f7573722f736269
6e3a2f7573722f7362696e2f6e6f6c6f67696e0a62696e3a783a323a323a

And output it to file

$ xxd -p /etc/passwd > output.hex

You can restore data later with -r -p options

$ xxd -r -p output.hex  | head -n 3
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin

Couple other methods :

$ hexdump -ve '1/1 "%.2x"' /etc/passwd
$  od -t x1 /etc/passwd | awk '{$1=""; gsub(/\ /,"");print}'


Alternative way to start mysql server other than upstart?

Newer releases of Upstart (included with Ubuntu 11.04 and later) include chroot support, though you will have to be on a chroot that is running on top of one of those releases.

If you can't do that, you could simply copy the init script from the Debian package. Its available here:

http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~ubuntu-branches/debian/sid/mysql-5.1/sid/view/head:/debian/mysql-server-5.1.mysql.init

You would put that in /etc/init.d as 'mysql', and run chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql and then update-rc.d mysql to turn it on.


Can I develop an "existing" application for the showdown?

Regarding your first question, you are supposed to develop an app from scratch. But, I am sure the judges won't mind if you use some of the ideas and code from your existing app given that you were the one who created the other app as well.

Can I use old code by myself to build on for my entry in the Ubuntu App Showdown contest?

And for the second question, you can use anything as long as they exist in the Ubuntu 12.04 repositories. This restriction is because of the App Review Board guidelines.
Relevant parts from the guidelines below:

You can include any libraries that are part of your app. For example, if you're writing a Python game, and you've written a Python library to store character data, it's fine to include that with your app.

If your app depends on external libraries, please make sure that your app runs on the current versions shipped in Ubuntu. (We're open to considering dependencies on backported libraries, on a case-by-case basis, but only if the backport is a new library and not an updated version of an existing library.)

No other software can depend on the application being submitted (e.g. development libraries should be submitted to main/universe or upstream to Debian instead).

Applications must be able to be built with tools & libraries in the Ubuntu archive. Apps may bundle additional libraries they depend on, but may not include new versions of already packaged libraries.


Try to setup LM-sensors and fancontrol, then do the following:

sudo pwmconfig

There you can make some configuration and see whether the fans are detected correctly. However, this requires that the sensors kernel module is installed.

Install lm-sensors using apt-get or the Synaptic GUI.

sudo apt-get install lm-sensors

Run the mkdev.sh script in the lm-sensors source.

It is exacted below:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2780


Run multiple bash script when ubuntu starts

create some "main script" with this code:
 #!/bin/bash
 konsole --noclose  -e /bin/bash /path/to/my/script1 &
 konsole --noclose  -e /bin/bash /path/to/my/script2 &
 konsole --noclose  -e /bin/bash /path/to/my/script3

and put path to "main script" in your .bashrc
That will start all your 3 scripts in separate terminals after your login in Ubuntu


Ubuntu 12.04 64bit Android source code download problem

Run:

sudo apt-get update

This will refresh your repositories and could&should solve your problem.


without having your distro etc and hardware info its hard to help with this.
i have a nvidia card running ubuntu 12.04 and the latest Gnome-shell 3.3.4 and HD playback with VLC Mplayer is really smoth. have you tried a newer kernel and the x-org-edgers ppa?


As per this answer, you can search the Ubuntu Kernel Mainline. Do be warned: Ubuntu 16.04 is not meant to run the 3.8.* kernels, so unless you are absolutely unable to update, I would recommend doing so.


Should I replace the customized configuration file during release upgrade?

During release (or package) upgrades, the package manager usually gives you a few options:

Keep your version.
Keep the package maintainer's version.
Show the difference.
Do an (experimental) three-way merge.
Open a shell.

With (1) and (2), no file is discarded. With (1), the package maintainer's version is saved with the extension dpkg-dist, and with (2), your version is saved with the extension dpkg-old. You're using (3). I have never used the other two, hopefully someone who has will come along and post an answer.

I personally always choose (1), and then manually merge in the changes (if they're worthwile) after upgrade - though I assume (5) can be used to do this.

Note that this prompt comes up only if the file was modified outside the package management system (that is, by a user, like you). So the changes were presumably made by you for a reason, and usually you'd still want those changes around.


How do I fix a "Problem with MergeList" or "status file could not be parsed" error when trying to do an update?

These terminal commands should solve your problem:

First remove the Merge List by opening a terminal (Press Ctrl+Alt+T to launch) and run this command*:

sudo rm -vf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

Next, generate a new one by running a simple update:

sudo apt-get update

Here is the bug report (and another) for this problem, which is now fixed so it shouldn't create new malformed files, however if you already have the malformed files you need to remove them as explained in this post.

*The options used for rm are -v verbose

  -v, --verbose
                explain what is being done

and -f force

  -f, --force
                ignore nonexistent files and arguments, never prompt

If you are ever unsure about a command line or the options being used always refer to the manual page for the command. These can be accessed on the internet by searching for man and the command for example man rm
or you can access the same information by typing exactly the same command in the terminal for example man rm instructions for quitting the page will be at the bottom of the terminal like this


Download Desktop Ubuntu- Corrupted File Warning?

What you downloaded should have been a disk image file called an ISO, with .iso extension. This is not a program you can execute. You need to load ubuntu on to your machine from a cd, which you create using the .iso file you downloaded. I do not know how to burn an ISO from Windows 8 (i don't like it either!) but its very easy from Windows 7, so I assume its not much different in W8. Google for "burn an iso file windows 8" and follow the instructions. You are going to want to keep this CD, as its also your recovery media, and has some very useful utilities as well.

When you have burned the .iso, which is not the same as copying the file onto the CD, you need to put it in your CD drive, and reboot your machine. Most PC's will attempt to boot from it automatically. At this point, ubuntu boots from the CD, has a look at your system, and asks you what you want to do. Some PC's will not automatically boot from the CD, and need to have the boot order changed in the BIOS, which is also pretty easy, but subject of a different question.

If you do not have a CD burner, this can also be done from a USB key, but either way, you need to make a bootable disk or key, not install from Windows.


Device not found when setting up android usb debugging in Ubuntu 14.10

I figured out what the problem was....

Edit ~/.android/adb_usb.ini
If the file already exists, add 0x< idVendor> to the end (in my case, this was 0x03f0)
adb kill-server
adb start-server
Check output of adb devices for your device

Device is now listed!


I wish to configure Time Synchronisation on Ubuntu 16.04.4 but timedatectl give Failed to create bus connection: No such file or directory

I found the solution here: Thanks for the answer but I found the solution here: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43907925/ubuntu-timedatectl-fails-in-docker-container

On a minimal Ubuntu 16.04 installation (like mine) the dbus package is not installed. So apt-get install dbus resolved the problem.


Unable to install vmware workstation on ubuntu 15.04

Try

sudo apt-get install build-essential

Then try installing again


Change Activities overview backdrop (Ubuntu 19.10)

There are GNOME Shell extensions that can do what you want, but first you need some preparation.
To install any GNOME Shell extension, you need to have chrome-gnome-shell installed:
sudo apt install chrome-gnome-shell

You also need the GNOME Shell integration browser extension installed. You can install the extension in Firefox by visiting this page and clicking the Add to Firefox button or in Chrome, by visiting this page and clicking the Add to Chrome button.
You may also install Tweaks to access the extensions' options (and a bunch of other useful GNOME settings):
sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

Now, you can install either the No Dark Overview or the Darker Overview GNOME Shell extension, by visiting the respective extension's website, toggling the switch on the right-hand side of the extension to ON and clicking Install on the pop-up. You may need to press Alt+F2, input r and press Enter to restart GNOME Shell to make the extension take effect.
To disable an extension, go to Tweaks → Extensions and toggle the extension you wish to disable to OFF. To uninstall an extension, visit its website and click the "X" button on the right-side.

A couple of things about these extensions:

No Dark Overview completely removes the Overview background and that's all the extension does.

Darker Overview, on the other hand, provides you with two settings, shown in the screenshot below:

Overview darkness changes the darkness of the Overview background (0=normal, 11=black, as shown in the description of the option), while Show vignette toggles the vignette effect of the Overview ON or OFF.

Note
Both extensions haven't been updated for quite a while and show that they support GNOME versions up to 3.26. In fact, the No Dark Overview GitHub repository doesn't seem to exist anymore and Darker Overview GitHub repository shows that the extension's latest update was on February 2018. For the latter, however, there is a comment stating that it works in GNOME 3.34 too.
I have Ubuntu 18.04 and I can confirm that both extensions work fine in this version, but you have to try them yourself to see if they actually work on Ubuntu 19.10.


Just press Alt+F2 on your keyboard, it will show the search box at the top of your screen. Search "monitor". Enter the monitor settings > fast option > select second display only > apply and save.


Install XUbuntu from CD without using graphical installer?

The desktop CD doesn't come set up to use the text-based installer. The text-based installer is provided by the debian-installer package, but installing or adding that package to a desktop CD will not make it possible to install that way without substantial additional modifications.

This is because the graphical installer (Ubiquity) works primarily by copying the contents of the live CD's own squashfs image to disk, while the text-based installer works by chrooting into a bootstrapped minimal system and installing each package. These are fundamentally different approaches to designing an OS installer. (The "graphical" way requires a big squashfs image that takes up most of the CD. The "text-based" way requires lots of individual .deb package files that take up most of the CD.)

Therefore, you should use the Xubuntu 12.04 Alternate CD instead. This provides the text-based installer you want. 12.04 is the last version of Ubuntu (and its derivatives, like Xubuntu) to have an Alternate CD, so you wouldn't be able to install a later version from an Alternate CD. But this will work for 12.04 and earlier.

The current point release for 12.04 is 12.04.2; you should use that to install, or you'll install a very large number of old packages that will immediately need updating.

ISO images for Xubuntu 12.04.2 are located in:

http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/12.04.2/release/

For your convenience, here are some links:

32-bit alternate CD (torrent) | 64-bit alternate CD (torrent)

If you prefer, these are listed on the Xubuntu download page too.


Kubuntu 14.04: i686 version to run on Win8 64bit laptop?

You already have Kubuntu installed on the laptop you want to upgrade? Or do you have Kubuntu on a different machine and would like to put another copy on your laptop?

Do not install Kubuntu I686 on a 64bit machine. It will only allow you to use 4gig of ram. I'm going to guess you have more than that.

The AMD64 part probably threw you off. They really should call it x64 as it applies to AMD and Intel based machines.

As far as keeping Windows 8. You will have the option during Kubuntu setup to "INSTALL ALONGSIDE WINDOWS 8. I think it's the first option. I believe the screen after that, you have a slider bar that will let you resize your partition.


Unable to find Dell factory restauration partition

Your system does not contain any restore partitions:

/dev/sda1               2,048       206,847       204,800   7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sda2    *        206,848   409,806,847   409,600,000   7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sda3         409,808,894   976,771,071   566,962,178   5 Extended
/dev/sda5         409,808,896   968,638,463   558,829,568  83 Linux
/dev/sda6         968,640,512   976,771,071     8,130,560  82 Linux swap / Solaris

(from your boot-repair info)

So you'll have to order a Restore DVD from Dell to accomplish what you're trying to do...

Sorry to be the harbinger of bad news.


Git completion fails after updating to Ubuntu 18.10 Cosmic Cuttlefish

This question was answered on a different StackExchange site. Here is the answer.

The reason I was having issues with my git-completion is that when I updated by Ubuntu it replaced the git-completion file found in /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/git with a version that needed git v2.18 and I have v2.17.1. The problem is that none of the package managers have updated to git v2.18 yet.

So I just replaced my git-completions file with the appropriate version found here.

Works as expected!


The Simple and the best is to use the Pendrive/ USB Storage device and select the USB devices in the virtual box.
When you select your USB device it will be works for linux,
If deselect
then it works for Windows as well.

Hope your problem is solved...


Mining cryptocurrencies with Ubuntu and sgminer

Using the procedure outlined below, you should be able to connect 5 or more of your graphics cards to your motherboard's PCIe slots, all at once. I've documented the procedure on how to get the full number of GPUs your motherboard will support, originally because I was having difficulty getting more than 2 cards working consistently (as in: "I'm going to throw this mobo out the window" difficulty).

There are a few good guides available, but they are all missing some information, especially if you have previously installed or experimented with various AMD drivers. The process below combines elements from 3 separate guides (references to original guides included).

The key component in the procedure below is recognizing that we want to install the drivers when all the graphics cards are already attached, since Ubuntu driver installation appears to perform some special initialization that will detect all currently connected graphics cards which very often fail to be detected when adding graphics cards later.

Disclaimer: This procedure should work (in theory) for all motherboards (it would be cool to get some confirmation on this). However, I've tested (ad nauseam) only on the extremely fickle and finicky Gigabyte 990FXA UD5 with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 GPUs. (I'm presently waiting for a 6th GPU). Also, I've tested this procedure only on Ubuntu 13.10. But I don't see why it shouldn't work with other Linux variants.

NB: You will need to install ssh and byobu in order to log in remotely to complete this procedure, as your display will be mostly unusable until you install the Ubuntu AMD drivers (see cryptobadger's link below for how to set up ssh and byobu).

Installation Procedure

Disconnect all graphics cards except the main display card. Make sure to disconnect both power connectors (6+8) to each card, and any supplementary power connector if you are using powered risers. Make sure nothing is sitting in any of the other motherboard PCIe slots (not even a PCIe riser).
Remove any Catalyst/fglrx drivers:
(Link: Removing Catalyst/fglrx Drivers)

sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx*
sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-radeon
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core
sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup
sudo rm -f /etc/ati

Reconfigure Xorg for good measure:
(Link: Reconfigure Xorg)

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

Shut down your system. Turn off all power supplies. Attach all graphics cards. Turn on all power supplies. Start your system.
Log in remotely via ssh, as your display will be unusable until you install the AMD drivers in the next step (see cryptobadger's link below for how to set up ssh and byobu).

NB: We want to install the drivers when all the graphics cards are already attached, since driver installation appears to perform some special initialization that will detect all currently connected graphics cards which very often fail to be detected when adding graphics cards later.
Install the Ubuntu AMD Catalyst Drivers (via remote login):
(Link: Install AMD Catalyst Drivers)

sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates fglrx-amdcccle-updates fglrx-updates-dev
sudo aticonfig --lsa
sudo aticonfig --adapter=all --initial
sudo reboot

All connected graphics cards should now be working. Adding additional graphics cards may cause problems after completing this process. If you want to add additional cards, repeat this procedure from the beginning.

Confirmed Configurations

NB: In the configurations below, all USB risers have the presence pin short built in. Also, all risers are powered risers with molex connectors (ribbon and USB).

4 GPUs:

PCIEX1 - x1-to-x16 ribbon riser (no presence pin short)
PCIEX16_1 - USB riser
PCIEX16_2 - USB riser
PCIEX8 - USB riser

PCIEX1 - x1-to-x16 ribbon riser (no presence pin short)
PCIEX16_1 - USB riser
PCIEX4_1 - USB riser
PCIEX16_2 - USB riser

PCIEX16_1 - x1-to-x16 ribbon riser (no presence pin short)
PCIEX4_1 - USB riser
PCIEX16_2 - USB riser
PCIEX8 - USB riser

5 GPUs:

PCIEX1 - x1-to-x16 ribbon riser (no presence pin short)
PCIEX16_1 - USB riser
PCIEX4_1 - USB riser
PCIEX16_2 - USB riser
PCIEX8 - USB riser (on second power supply w/ dual power supply adapter)

PCIEX1 - x1-to-x16 ribbon riser (no presence pin short)
PCIEX16_1 - USB riser
PCIEX4_1 - USB riser
PCIEX16_2 - USB riser
PCIEX4_2 - USB riser (on second power supply w/ dual power supply adapter)

PCIEX16_1 - x1-to-x16 ribbon riser (no presence pin short)
PCIEX4_1 - USB riser
PCIEX16_2 - USB riser
PCIEX4_2 - USB riser
PCIEX8 - USB riser (on second power supply w/ dual power supply adapter)

PCIEX16_1 - USB riser
PCIEX4_1 - USB riser
PCIEX16_2 - USB riser
PCIEX4_2 - USB riser
PCIEX8 - USB riser (on second power supply w/ dual power supply adapter)

Notes

For Gigabyte 990FXA UD5 motherboards, all slots should have the the A1-B17 presence pin short, except the single PCIeX1 slot. The reasoning here is that x1 slots can never be connected to a display (indeed, for Gigabyte 990FXA UD5 motherboards, the BIOS only has options for the 5 full-sized x16 PCIe slots to connect displays as well as the PCI slot).
Other motherboards may vary, and if you can connect your display to your motherboard's x1 slots, then you will probably need the A1-B17 presence pin short on these slots also.
When in doubt, use the presence pin short on all slots, except for x1 slots (you can buy USB risers with presence pin short built in).
Also, the presence pin short is not strictly necessary for the x16 slot that will be connected to the main display (since a display is already 'present').
If this procedure doesn't work for you, repeat from the beginning until it does (sometimes up to several times). Running the command "sudo aticonfig --adapter=all --odgt" after the last reboot should show the temperatures for all the graphics cards it can see and mine. If it gives an error for any of them, repeat the procedure from the beginning.
It is extremely important to follow the first step religiously. I started getting lazy, and just turned off the power supplies and began to encounter all kinds of problems. You must physically disconnect all power connectors from all graphics cards (including any supplementary power connectors if you are using powered risers). Also, be sure to disconnect all risers from the PCIe slots.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to everyone in the forums for sharing the knowledge.

Good luck.

P.S. If this guide has made your day, here are some donation addresses:

BTC: 1KpJUM1HawSybFRVQiJDEbFK2tRZGL9qNU
LTC: Li4D9pDNMq4zznAjXPfM7FM952a9sXEKN4
FTC: 6kx533kXn5dZuALtHp7XesC9L3iuFndw93
VTC: Vd51sDofvGhr3EGpwAN2xSppuyotJQFFPq


Installing Lubuntu 15.04 on SSD forces formatting?

This behaviour makes sense to me. In order for a new filesystem to be usable, certain things have to be written so that it can, for example, store the locations of files. This is what gets done during a format.

So why give you a checkbox at all? I'd say that's only really applicable for old, pre-existing filesystems that are already structurally complete. It's a UX bug that you can un-check it the first time.

So basically:

If you're asking the installer to repartition, new partitions are going to need to be formatted.
If you want to preserve data in a partition but also create new partitions alongside it, you'll need to do that manually outside the installer, preferably with something like GParted. You can then either use GParted to create your installation partitions (to which you select in the installer) or leave the space blank and use the installer's partitioner to install into the free space.
If you're in any doubt, take a backup before doing anything else.

That this is a SSD doesn't really matter:

SSDs die slowly, sector-by-sector. All but the first and worst SSDs have wear-levelling handled in their firmware at hardware level. This shunts data to a new sector if another dies.
All but the first and worst can handle tens of thousands of writes per sector. I'm talking about filling and refilling the entire disk over and over and over and...
A format isn't writing to every sector. It's only writing to create the file tables. It isn't zeroing out all the data.

People who are churning terrabytes of data on a daily basis might need to care more about their SSD health but a format is just creating an inode table. You've probably written more data to your SSD just posting the question than a format would be.

I think part of the confusion comes from the word "format". The old Windows installers' "format" option was a full, "low-level" format that zeroed out all the data on the disk before creating a filesystem. Ubuntu's is the equivalent of a "Quick Format".


You need to install the actual vi package, which is nvi on Ubuntu.

sudo apt-get install nvi

You might also need to run the line below if nvi isn't picked up automatically as the default provider for vi.

sudo update-alternatives --config vi


How can I improve the power consumption of the open source AMD graphics drivers?

Open a terminal, and copy the following

echo dynpm|sudo tee /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_method

If you do not like it, you can return back by using

echo profile|sudo tee /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_method

If you want to set at boot, type

sudo gedit /etc/rc.local

and add before "exit 0"

echo dynpm > /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_method

This may reduce the performance


Syncing Laptop and Desktop files over college wifi?

Any of the file syncing technologies you use (Dropbox, Ubuntu One, Copy, btsync, etc.) will almost always need an initial sync if you already have data out there. This totally depends on the kind of documents you have.

What I do when I get a new laptop and install Dropbox is plug it into an ethernet cable and let it sync (I have about 65GB to sync.) so I don't saturate my wireless connection.

After that it really depends on the kind of files you place on your laptop while roaming. If you're just adding documents, PDFs, and so on then it'll just work transparently. If however you drop a 5 gig file on your laptop while you're in class or something then that will likely take a while.

I wouldn't worry too much about saturating your college's network, most of them are run by competent administrators that will limit per-client throughput anyway, but for the sake of convenience when transferring large amount of files I tend to pause my syncing and do it later when I get onto a faster wired network.


Unable to install packages due to dependencies

Here are a couple of things to try.

Method One:

This is the easiest one to try. Instead of using sudo apt-get install PACKAGENAME, where PACKAGENAME is the package you’re trying to install with the apt system, use sudo apt-get install -f. The -f parameter will attempt to correct a system which has broken dependencies, after which you’ll be able to install the package in question.

Open a Terminal and type in:

sudo apt-get install -f

and press ENTER.

Now type in:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

and press ENTER.

Now one more time:

sudo apt-get install -f

Method Two:

Aptitude is an alternative of apt-get which you can use as a higher-level package manager. You can use it to try and install your package with it, instead of apt-get, but first you need to install aptitude.

Open a Terminal and type in:

sudo apt-get install aptitude

and press ENTER.

Now type in:

sudo aptitude install PACKAGENAME

and press ENTER.

PACKAGENAME is the package you’re installing. This will try to install the package via aptitude instead of apt-get, which should potentially fix the unmet dependencies issue.

IF THOSE DO NOT WORK

The broken package is mot likely locked and needs to be deleted.
To delete the locked file, open a Terminal and type in:

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock

and press ENTER.

The locked file may also need to be deleted in the cache directory.
To do that, open a Terminal and type in:

sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock

Hope this helps,


This could be with the way you're mounting the share, you should perhaps try mounting it with the soft parameter on your laptop and see if that helps (update your question if it doesn't):

   soft / hard    Determines the recovery behavior of the NFS client after
                  an   NFS  request  times  out.   If  neither  option  is
                  specified (or if the  hard  option  is  specified),  NFS
                  requests  are  retried indefinitely.  If the soft option
                  is specified, then the NFS client fails an  NFS  request
                  after  retrans  retransmissions  have been sent, causing
                  the NFS  client  to  return  an  error  to  the  calling
                  application.

                  NB:  A  so-called  "soft"  timeout can cause silent data
                  corruption in certain  cases.  As  such,  use  the  soft
                  option only when client responsiveness is more important
                  than data integrity.  Using NFS over TCP  or  increasing
                  the value of the retrans option may mitigate some of the
                  risks of using the soft option.

http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/natty/man5/nfs.5.html

The NFS Faq on sourceforge recommends using intr along with hard though, but I can't find a datestamp for the relevancy of this recommendation:

  soft

  If a file request fails, the NFS client will report an error to
  the process on the client machine requesting the file access. Some
  programs can handle this with composure, most won't. We do not
  recommend using this setting; it is a recipe for corrupted files and
  lost data. You should especially not use this for mail disks --- if
  you value your mail, that is.

  hard

  The program accessing a file on a NFS mounted file system will
  hang when the server crashes. The process cannot be interrupted or
  killed (except by a "sure kill") unless you also specify intr. When
  the NFS server is back online the program will continue undisturbed
  from where it was. We recommend using hard,intr on all NFS mounted
  file systems.

I personally use soft but I'm not doing a bunch of writing to the NFS server, I mostly use it as a client to consume things and don't touch the data much. YMMV, it's probably wise to try intr with hard first and see if that solves the problem.

See also:

https://serverfault.com/questions/9499/what-are-the-advantages-disadvantages-of-hard-versus-soft-mounts-in-unix
Mounted NFS shares interrupting shutdown?


Starting problem with persistent(casper-rw) file in Ubuntu 18.04

Persistent live systems are very portable between computers

Persistent live systems are very portable, which is a good reason to use them.

Persistent live systems are sensitive to corruption

if the system crashes (which happened to you)
if you unplug the pendrive without unmounting the mounted partition(s) which means that you must shut down gracefully and let the shutdown process finish
if you install too many program packages or update & upgrade completely.

I suggest that you try a persistent live system made with mkusb. See the following links,

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb
help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/persistent

You should backup your system often.

While it is healthy, you can backup (and restore) the whole casper-rw partition.

Backup and restore of persistent overlay data

Otherwise you can be saved by backing up your /home directory in the  casper-rw partition. Create a fresh persistent live drive with mkusb and restore /home according to the following links,

Backup and restore the /home directory in casper-rw partitions of mkusb persistent drives
How do I upgrade a mkusb Persistent Live system from 16.04 to 18.04

Installed systems in external drives are portable and stable

Installed systems in external drives are portable,

but not as portable as persistent live systems
you can install program packages and update & upgrade completely like any installed system (as long as there is drive space for it)
but if you unplug the pendrive before shutting down gracefully and let the shutdown process finish, this file system will probably be corrupted too.

This might be an alternative for you, if portable enough. See this link,

Boot Ubuntu from external drive

Repair the ext file system in casper-rw

If the file system in the casper-rw partition or file is not too corrupted, you can get a working USB pendrive again after repairing the file system.

Boot from another linux system
check that casper-rw is not mounted
Run the following repair command

sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sdxn

where x is the device letter and n is the partition number, so typically for a persistent live drive by mkusb

sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sdb5

See this link for more details,

Repair the partition table and file system of a pendrive

If you stay with a casper-rw file, you can try the following command

sudo e2fsck -f mountpoint-of-FAT-partition/casper-rw

Example:

$ sudo e2fsck -f /mnt/sd1/casper-rw
e2fsck 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/mnt/sd1/casper-rw: 11/262144 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 18510/1048320 blocks


What is the smallest file size Ubuntu VirtualBox image with a GUI?

Lubuntu 16.04 is probably best and needs 4 GB minimum

I asked a similar for the smallest footprint / fastest flavour of Ubuntu here: Is one distribution better for Virtualbox 5.1 inside Ubuntu 16.04? and the answer was Lubuntu.

I created my Lubuntu 16.04 Virtual Image at 7 GB:

With nothing of significance installed other than the base packages it's showing 3.9 GB used and 3.5 GB available:

So I would say the minimum you could get away with is 4 GB using Lubuntu 16.04.

That said, my Ubuntu Unity 16.04.5 LTS installation with reams of applications installed and 3 kernel chains only takes up 9.8 GB. Next time around I'll probably just go with this version and forgo the extra effort of learning new interfaces and applications such as File Manager and File Editor.


We have implemented changing upload directory on Android. To my knowledge, this hasn't been explicitly planned for iOS (nor it was for Android ;)), but should be fairly easy for our devs to squeeze in. I will let them know about this feature request.


As per Tamil Selvan's comment, restarting does indeed fix this on *buntu, with a fresh install of Teamviewer.

I had the same issue with an AWS EC2 instance.


I did some research and the Ubuntu software supports extremly high ram limits but the 8gb everybody brings up is the Mac OS X software limitation of ram, so technicly hardware wise, the Mac mini 2010, that i have can support up to 16gb ram hardware wise.


My router's name is "gateway". Where is this set and may I change it?

gateway is the default name aliased to the IP address through which outgoing network traffic must be directed.  It is default alias, though it can be altered via /etc/hosts file .

This is not a hostname asigned via dns , hence tools like dig and nslookup won't find it.

It is also displayed with route command. The route command only reads data from /proc/net/route (which is supplied by the kernel)

$ LC_ALL=C route | head -n3
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         gateway       0.0.0.0         UG    600    0        0 wlan7

One can set additional alias via /etc/hosts file , as in the example below:

$ cat /etc/hosts | head -n 3
127.0.0.1   localhost
127.0.1.1   eagle
192.168.0.1     MY_ROUTER
$ LC_ALL=C route | head -n 3
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         MY_ROUTER       0.0.0.0         UG    600    0        0 wlan7
$ ping -c 1 MY_ROUTER
PING MY_ROUTER (192.168.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from MY_ROUTER (192.168.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.58 ms

--- MY_ROUTER ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.586/1.586/1.586/0.000 ms

From what I have researched online, appears gateway alias is set at kernel level to whatever router address is returned from dhcp server.
It will still respond to pings even after being edited in /etc/hosts

$ ping -c 1 gateway
PING gateway (192.168.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from MY_ROUTER (192.168.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.90 ms

--- gateway ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.905/1.905/1.905/0.000 ms


How to change Ubuntu with Wayland's 4 finger swipe gesture to a 3 finger swipe gesture?

Please search about wmctrl for moving window.

I will implement workspace switcher to new version of fusuma.


My server is up. Now where do I go from here?

How do I get it over and into my server to be displayed for all the world to see?

As your question has 2 parts, I will try to answer them both. Firstly, the "How do I get it over" part. You just need to install ssh server program on your ubuntu box and then ssh from your windows 7 by using putty. Putty is better for administrating your ubuntu server, but to transfer files winscp is better with a nice GUI and drag&drop operation. It's basically windows version of linux program called 'scp' (Secure CoPy). Either way, you will need ssh.

To install ssh, execute the following commands.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openssh-server

And to be able to open localhost on your browser, you need to install apache, or any other software for that matter.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apache2

Now, you can have the HTML/CSS documents on the ubuntu server. And you can view the "It works!" page on localhost with browser.

"To be displayed for all the world to see?" As for this part of the question, I can only give you a brief guide, as I don't have experience on web development. You will need to buy a domain name (or get a free one), and hosting space (or you can use your ubuntu box as server). Here's a basic tutorial from digitalocean. You can get more information by searching on google.


Unable to change user password in Ubuntu 12.10

To change your own passwd use just passwd not sudo passwd.


How do I get grid workspaces in ubuntu 20.04?

I use Workspace Matrix Gnome Extension and it works just perfectly and has some useful configuration settings.


Can't connect to froxlor clients via SFTP

I had the same error.

Solution:

Do NOT put the Include /etc/proftpd/sftp.conf in the IfModule mod_sql.c section.

Place the include command in a new line after the IfModule mod_sql.c tag.


Ubuntu 16.04 OpenFOAM-v1706 ParaView Installation Error

I have followed the build guide from your second link and attempted to build ParaView. The build appeared to go through without any problems.

Looking at the error you have detailed and after following the guide myself, it may be possible you have not followed the OpenFOAM system requirements page here. This is the first step in the build guide.

This page provides 3 lines to install dependencies for a Ubuntu system. I'm not sure if you have executed these but I think it's possible you may have at least missed the second line which is:

sudo apt-get install qt4-dev-tools libqt4-dev libqt4-opengl-dev freeglut3-dev libqtwebkit-dev

This line is installing the required Qt4 development libraries and the system requirements link states at the top Qt: 4.7.2 (optional - required for ParaView build).

Therefore, it would suggest that ParaView requires Qt4 and not Qt5. It may be possible that ParaView can be built using Qt5, however I'm not sure of this. I would recommend following the build instructions and use Qt4 as it did work when I tried it.


First check that universe is enabled. You can enable it by:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) universe"

Then run the command:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install gdebi


Should I alphabetically order the flags in a command as good practice?

It does not really matter* unless a command explicitly mentions. I have came across no reference that gave anything like a guideline how to put the options one after another. So I think for the sake of readability the options can be arranged alphabetically.

*There is a very very important cavaet that is if any option needs a filename or any other input right after it you need to put it accordingly.

For example, the -f option of grep takes a file as input to take the pattern to look for from the input file. You need to give the command as e.g.:

grep -cf input.txt file.txt

If you use it like:

grep -fc input.txt file.txt

it will fail as it will use c as a file name.


How to get Ubuntu VB guest to use monitor's native resolution?

OK, it looks like I solved this problem, somehow or other.  Here's what I did:

I quit VirtualBox (both the vm and the graphical VirtualBox Manager window);
At the Windows host's cmd prompt, I ran:
C:\>cd "c:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox"
C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox>VboxManage setextradata "<vmname>" "CustomVideoMode1" "1280x800x16"
(Of course, replace <vmname> with the actual name of your vm, and replace the resolution spec string with the appropriate one for your monitor.  Also note that the last character in the argument CustomVideoMode1 is the digit 1, and not the letter "l".  With some fonts the two characters are practically indistinguishable.  BTW, more custom models can be specified, using a similar command, with arguments of the form CustomVideoMode2, CustomVideoMode3, and so on up to, I believe, CustomVideoMode16.)
I restarted VirtualBox and the VM; (at this point I noted that there was no change in the appearance of the display, nor in the resolution options available through System Settings > Displays);
I selected System Settings > Additional Drivers, selected the option Oracle VM VirtualBox Guest Additions for Linux Module, and clicked on Activate;
I restarted the vm;
I wiped the tears of joy from my eyes.

When the VM came back up, the resolution was the correct one; furthermore, now the resolution options available through System Settings > Displays include one additional option "1280 x 800 (16:10)" (it is, of course, the currently active one).

I can't tell whether running VBoxManage setextradata ... (steps 1 & 2 above) made any difference.  IOW, steps 4 & 5 may very well have done the trick.

Also, note that the Oracle VM VirtualBox Guest Additions for Linux Module was not activated even though I had previously run Devices > Install Guest Additions... at the VirtualBox control panel.


I had this same issue and was missing sudo apt-get install libjansson-dev. After I installed that I re-ran the commands from the readme:

./autogen.sh    # only needed if building from git repo
./nomacro.pl    # only needed if building on Mac OS X or with Clang
./configure CFLAGS="*-march=native*" --with-crypto --with-curl
# Use -march=native if building for a single machine
make

and it worked. I was using raspbian-stretch lite but it uses apt-get as well


Configuring bind9 views so I can have DNS services?

If you want to connect only 2 machines, I think easier and better using local hosts files instead of DNS.

Make the router DHCP give always the same IP to the machines (or use fixed IP instead of DHCP). On the ubuntu machine, you can edit the file with sudo nano /etc/hosts and add a line like 192.168.xxx.xxx <the_other_computer_name> where the IP is the local IP of the other computer and another line similar with the local machine name and IP.

Do the same on the windows machine (the host file is \windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts)


Press the Tab key followed by the Enter key.


Problem with accessing an installed ruby gem package from a shell script under Ubuntu 16.04

Gem binaries are also created in ~/.gem/bin, so you can add that single directory to your path to have access to all installed gems.


(lubuntu 14.04) Cannot close windows,minimise or maximise them

Go to menu->Preferences->Openbox Configuration Manager.  Choose Appearance and under Button Order make sure that NLIMC is entered.


display only the git root directory if it is a git directory in PS1

My PS1-fu is not that good, but I think this might work:

parse_git_branch () {
    git branch 2> /dev/null | sed -e '/^[^*]/d' -e 's/* \(.*\)/ (\1)/'
}

parse_git_tag () {
    git describe --tags 2> /dev/null
}

function git_prompt () {
    local OUT=
    local GIT_ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)

    if [[ -n $GIT_ROOT ]]
    then
        OUT=" @ $(basename '$GIT_ROOT')"
        local GIT_BRANCH="$(parse_git_branch)"
        if [[ "$GIT_BRANCH" == " ((no branch))" ]]
        then
            $GIT_BRANCH="($(parse_git_tag))";
        fi
        OUT="$OUT $GIT_BRANCH"
    fi
    echo $OUT
}

PS1="\u \$(git_prompt) \$ "

Effect:

bro3886:~/devel$ bash
bro3886  $ cd
bro3886  $ cd devel/nlp/corpora
bro3886 @ nlp (master) $

Adapted from Display Git Branch or Tag Names in your Bash Prompt and Command Prompt Directory Styling.


If you damaged the state of the Android device during an attempt to install, then you first need to recover to a known state.

Re-install the Galaxy Nexus firmware, taking care to install the correct one. (there are several to choose from.)

developers.google.com < Factory Images for Nexus Devices


How to know if my nvidia gpu is working or not?

Try to Run:

lsmod | grep nvidia

If you got some output you're using Nvidia gpu but if there's no output then either you're using Intel's gpu or you're using nouveau drivers so try and run:

lsmod | grep nouveau

If there's no output then you're definitely using Intel's gpu.

To switch between graphics card, open NVIDIA X Server Settings and clicl on PRIME Profiles on the left panel. Or as noted by @WinEunuuchs2Unix you can run prime-select nvidia for Nvidia or prime-select intel for choosing intel.

Another way is to check driver details inside graphic intensive programs or games which could give you a hint if you're using the right graphics card, (It depends on the program or game to have this feature in the menu). I suggest installing a game like OpenArena which has this freature if you just want to be absolutely sure you're using Nvidia.


Mr Rush every in learn has to be given some period to understand it. When installing using a tar file we have to follow certain steps to get it installed:

Download the tar file
Untar it with tar -xvf finename.tar
Change into the untarred file and inside you will find a README file to direct you on how to install the application as was intended or designed by the owners.
For step 3 we may see a simple install script that we may have to make installable (depending on whether that has already been done by the creators), from our terminal using the command:

chmod u+x install.sh

Note that it can be called anything or even lack a file extension

But ofcourse the tar file can be untarred by right clicking on it with your mouse and selecting Extra here.

Now to answer your click issue, Ubuntu comes with .deb package file that are installed using the mouse click, if you are asked to use a tar file then it's the creators fault and not Ubuntu. They were too lazy or busy to create a .deb package file. They alone can say why they prefer tar file rather than .deb files.


Can I use two external monitors from single display port on Dell XPS-13 (Ubuntu 16.04 LTS)?

Let's first walk through the list of outputs

eDP1 this stands for embedded Display Port and means your internal laptop screen.
DP1 this is the miniDP you are speaking of
HDMI1 I guess this is actually a USB 3.1 or Thunderbolt 3 port. I have not seen those in action.
VIRTUAL1 This could be a lot of things, but nothing you can use directly.

I see two ways to connect two monitors

Connect one over a USB 3.1 hdmi converter and the other one over miniDP
daisy-chain your monitors over display port (if they support it) (see e.g. this tutorial by dell

please shed some more light into how everything is connected as of now, so I can improve the answer (especially with regards to the HDMI1 thing)


Depends on the situation. Is it a new install? How big is the drive?

GRUB has issues with larger drives, it cannot find the boot file as it cannot search very far. Best way around this is to make a small partition at the beginning of the drive with the boot on it. (needs to be a /boot drive)


Workspace switcher icon present in Unity Launcher disappeared from the dock on Ubuntu 18.04

You're using GNOME, an environment different from Unity (Ubuntu 18.04 uses GNOME instead of Unity by default), the dock is also different from Unity Launcher. The feature you're looking for is specific to Unity and Launcher.

Ubuntu 18.04 does not have a dedicated workspace switcher icon by default. You can click on the 'Activities' at the top left corner to see your workspaces at the right side of your screen (along with a spread of the windows on the current desktop). While in the Activities overview, you can switch workspaces using the scroll function of your mouse or touchpad. You can also put a workspace indicator-cum-switcher in the top bar (refer to this).

Alternatively, if you absolutely cannot live without the workspace switcher available in Unity Launcher, you can still install and use Unity on Ubuntu 18.04, refer to this question: How can I make Ubuntu 18.04 / 18.10 desktop use Unity (be like Ubuntu 14.04)?