How do I restore a Places folder I accidentally deleted in Nautilus?

Once you have recreated the Documents folder, make sure your ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs contains something like this:

XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"

You can edit it as needed using any text editor, for example

nano ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

Then run the command xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update.


The ar9462 dkms package isn't needed with your kernel so it can be removed

sudo dkms remove ar9462/1.51 --all

You also need firmware for the bluetooth to work

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware

Reboot

Are you using Ubuntu 14.04 as your current kernel would suggest, or 12.04 as that version used the kernel that is mentioned in the results of dkms status


Directory is not a directory, can't install psa

tomcatmng does not seem to be a directory at all. It could not be called with parameters as the instructions suggest and the ls -l will be different for a directory. So I assume it’s more likely a command to be executed.
The # as the first character on command lines in the instructions indicates the commands shall be executed by root (opposed to $).
The same is also indicated by your ls -l output. The x in the permission column is present for the owner and group which are root and root according to the following columns. No other user is allowed to run this command.
In Ubuntu, the easiest way to run a command as root is to prepend sudo, i.e.
sudo /usr/local/psa/admin/sbin/tomcatmng --install-psa

I'm trying also paste this in sbin:
tomcatmng --install-psa

Commands in the current directory must be moreover prefixed with ./, this is a security measure.


To enter the wmii menu, use combination key:

modkey-a

(the default modifier key modkey is the Windows, on mac is cmd, but it may be also Alt.

then type:

exec

or

quit

and press enter.

This will shutdown wmii and return to login screen.


I was having the same issue but with a different graphics card and a different OS (Fedora 22 KDE spin). I just came across this:

https://ask.fedoraproject.org/en/question/69542/fedora-22-full-screen-tearingflickering-under-kde/

which has several options that seem to solve the problem under Fedora at least. I'm trying option 3 and it seems to be working so far, and the first two options are things that can be changed purely through the kde system settings app (shouldn't be specific to OS).

Hope this helps you!

EDIT:
In an effort to make this answer better, I'm putting a summary of the link given above here. To solve there issue there are three options

Go into System Setting > Hardware > Display and Monitor > Compositor and change the tearing prevention to "Full screen repaints"
As an alternative, in the same menu change the compositor to XRender
If you'd prefer to not do either of the above, create a script file in /etc/profile.d named kwin.sh (or anything ending .sh really). In that file place the line export KWIN_TRIPLE_BUFFER=1

This is recommended if your .xsession-errors file mentions that Triple Buffering is not available. To find this, I just opened the file in kwrite and searched for triple, sure enough it said not available. After making the file, that message is no longer present on subsequent reboots.


Open a Terminal: Ctrl+Alt+T.
Now the Terminal should appear on launcher. Right click on it and select "Block on launcher".


Grub was probably never installed onto the external disk, launchpad bug 396379. With the disk plugged in, from a terminal run
sudo update-grub

Then the external disk should show up in the grub menu.


How to install KDE Plasma 5.11 on Ubuntu 16.04 (Kubuntu 16.04)?

Add Kubuntu Backports repo:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports

Get key for Neon package archive:

wget -q -O - http://archive.neon.kde.org/public.key | sudo apt-key add -

Add repo:

sudo /usr/bin/add-apt-repository -y -u 'deb http://archive.neon.kde.org/release xenial main'

Install new packages:

sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade

4a. You might encounter this problem so follow the workaround provided in the article.

Solution inspired by this thread.


Ubuntu 14.04 dual boot with Windows 8.1 failure

Here is an suggestion but have a problem

Problem : i can boot ubuntu but cannot boot windows 8, think twice before you act, if you wish to boot ubuntu very much try the following steps

Step:
Press windows key + I, a small window should appear on the right
Press change pc settings
Press update and recovery, choose recovery, and then press restart button of advanced setup
Press troubleshoot (refresh/reset your pc, or use advanced tools), and press advanced options, choose UEFI firmware settings, press restart button

Choose BIOS setup and then boot option
Press arrows to select security
Then you can see OS manager, USB drive/hard drive, etc, change the order, the one holding Ubuntu should be on the top
Save and exit


What do daily builds of a specific version contain?

The daily build
http://iso.qa.ubuntu.com/qatracker/milestones/408/builds
will become 20.04.2 when it's released. It's currently not getting much attention, as it means little until the groovy stack (ie. 5.8 kernel etc) is completely stable.
All attention currently is still on getting groovy out, with any issues discovered fixed in groovy, which flow automatically back to focal daily (as 20.04.2 will use the groovy stack for HWE enabled installs).


The man pam_succeed_if page has flags like quiet before conditions like uid >= 500.

auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so quiet uid >= 500

NOTE: I did not test this, I just read the man page.


How do I use $SECONDS inside a bash script?

To get $SECONDS into HH:MM:SS format you will need to do some (integer) math:
$ hrs=$(( SECONDS/3600 )); mins=$(( (SECONDS-hrs*3600)/60)); secs=$(( SECONDS-hrs*3600-mins*60 ))

$ printf 'Time spent: %02d:%02d:%02d\n' $hrs $mins $secs
Time spent: 431:48:03


What's the difference between Ubuntu Server and Ubuntu Cloud live image?

It depends on what you want to do with your server, but probably you want to use Ubuntu server.

Cloud live is an image that you can write in a USB drive and boot to create a cloud computing environment. Please note that this is a live system (i have never used it, so i don't know if you have the option to install it in your system). Also, if you really want to setup a cloud system you can install Ubuntu server and the cloud tools after.

So, unless you want to try a cloud computing system, you need Ubuntu server.


all gtk applications opened with warning "assertion `gdk_error_traps != NULL' failed"

You are referencing to this bug in launchpad:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gtk+2.0/+bug/1075928


ubuntu 18.04 question about a script that used to work now it doesnt

SOLVED:Its been a very long time and I forgot the trick. Open files, go to the top of the screen and click on files, click on preferences, click behavior tab, under executable text files check run them. I am using ubuntu 18.04.3 maybe a little different in different versions.


You can try using Boot-Repair, but if you have been backing everything up then I would just reinstall Ubuntu. At least that's what I did when I had boot up issues


Printer first has status pending, then prints a blank page

I have faced a similar problem sometimes back. I was on a network and my printer was printing only blank sheets. Later I found out that one of the network clients was using the same IP address as that of the printer and so there was a conflict of IP addresses. It took a long time to find out this issue but finally its resolved now.


I is fixed in the latest update. Don't be worried about this kind of things. If the problem is present in the "Ubuntu UI toolkit gallery" it means it isn't your fault and that the developper will correct it soon. The same thing appened with toolBars few days ago.


You have to boot again from flash/dvd and fix or reinstall ubuntu again using ubuntu installation wizard.
Please use the bootable USB, or use the Ubuntu Live CD/DVD, so you can boot from usb or dvd. it will help to recover the system,


When you install proxpn there is a directory called config.. Generally you can just copy that over the config directory in openvpn clients and then hit connect.

Here are the openvpn server addresses:
Dallas: 107.6.100.3
NY: 173.231.141.114
NL: 213.179.208.131
UK: 78.157.207.131
LA: 64.27.29.67
Seattle: 216.18.231.179
Singapore: 223.27.170.51

When you are making your own custom config file, it should always have one of those addresses, like remote 107.6.100.3 443

We always use port 443 as the default, but we have 80 and 8080 ports mirrored in case there is some problem with 443

Here are the paid users ports blacklist:
20:21
25
8080
110
135:139
143
445
465
585
993
995
3389
5900:5999

You should choose a custom port if you want to run vnc or rdp. or connect via the real home ip address/port forwarding for those protocols.

Here are the list of available proXPN PPTP Server Locations:

Dallas: pptp.proxpn.com
New York: pptp-ny1a.proxpn.com
Los Angeles: pptp-la1.proxpn.com
Seattle: pptp-se1.proxpn.com
Netherlands: pptp-nl1.proxpn.com
UK: pptp-uk1.proxpn.com
Singapore: pptp-sg1a.proxpn.com

Title: poptop-nl
IP: 213.179.213.7

Title: pptp-la
IP: 64.27.29.68

Title: pptp-nl
IP: 213.179.213.7

Title: pptp-d1
IP: 107.6.100.5

Title: pptp-ukb
IP: 78.157.207.134

Title: pptp-se
IP: 216.18.231.181

Title: pptp-sg
IP: 223.27.170.53

Title: ppty-ny
IP: 173.231.141.116

Remote subnet and mask are supposed to be passed from the server -> user, so those are not static values so the user should leave those remote subnet and mask at 0.0.0.0 (default) mppe checked no domain name, just username.


Libreoffice 3.5 won't launch from Desktop Shortcut: Ubuntu 11.10 Unity

Enter directory: /usr/share/app-install/desktop.
Find and right-click on LibreOffice file, choose Copy to the desktop. An "empty" icon named LibreOffice should appear on your desktop.
Open the terminal and type: locate startcenter.png.
There will be directories to LibreOffice icons. Enter one of them, choose an icon of proper size and double click it - just open and close it (I've chosen 48x48 icon from the directory: /usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps).
Then right-click on "empty" icon named LibreOffice on your desktop and
choose Properties.
Double-click on the icon on the upper left corner of the Properties
window. In the new Last in use window choose the libreoffice-main.png file and
confirm your choice.

Thats all.


Is is possible to skip the confirmation step while adding a repository?

Run the command

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates

Adding -y on the above command assumes yes for all the prompts, so it won't ask you to Press [ENTER] to continue or ctrl-c to cancel adding it.


edit your .bashrc with the following :

gedit .bashrc

the line 2 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-9.0/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}} looks like it is wrong.

if you wish to use this line you'll need to correct the shell syntax error. (if you cannot fix the syntax error on your own you can add lines 1-5 of your .bashrc to your original question).

If you cannot see why it is there or do no remember installing CUDA, you can simply remove the line.

save the file and run :

source .bashrc

this will fix it.

the messages you were getting were quite explicit, they are telling you what file has an error and where.

the reason why this is happening everytime you open a new terminal window/tab is because the .bashrc file, located in your home folder, is the "settings for this session's bash" file.

It is what bash loads as it's current configuration when you open a terminal. (files that start with a "." are hidden files. When in a folder, if you want to enable viewing hidden files, press CtrlH, the same combination will hide them again)


Changing DPI of login screen (Ubuntu 16.04)

I found a 'good enough' solution here:

http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2014/04/ubuntu-14-04-change-login-screen-background-remove-the-white-dots/

You have to login to dconf-editor as the 'lightdm' user and edit the unity-greeter settings. The commands are:

sudo xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm
sudo su lightdm -s /bin/bash
dconf-editor

Then navigate to com > canonical > unity-greeter and change the 'xft-dpi' setting to the right value (for my 1080p screen, I set it to 132). Then reboot or restart lightdm:

sudo service lightdm restart

It's not perfect. The size of the boxes around the usernames, and the spacing between the username and the password form, do not seem to adjust to match (as they do on the lock screen after I log in). But it's much more readable.


Installing applications from USB drive to Ubuntu 18.04

There are offline portable package manager, like this one
https://launchpad.net/cube-server
You can run it from a USB disk in the machine with Web access


How do I upgrade Skype using terminal on Ubuntu 14.04?

If you have the  Skype repo added to your system (If you installed it from the .deb package provided in the official Skype website, the repo is added automatically.), you may run

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install skypeforlinux

or simply run

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

to install all* available updates.


Can I 'reset' an SSD to improve its performance?

While doing a reinstall, could I somehow 'reset' an SSD to its pristine state, thus restoring its performance?

Do a re-install with format and this will be taken care of.

14.04 will have trim installed by default. It will be turned off by default since only specific intel and samsung ssd have been tested and have been confirmed working (they took the cautious route here: if it was not confirmed working it is not activated).

More on the inner workings (setup, activate and commands) here: Do I need to enable TRIM if I have a non-Intel/Samsung


Converting a windows drive to Ubuntu Drive

If you're using Ubuntu 12.10, you can format your partition by opening the Disks application, select the partition, click the two cogs icon below and select format.
Then choose ext4 as the file system type. Your windows NTFS partition is now a Linux ext4 partition.
Automounting your partition (optional)
If you want it to automount at boot, you may want to modify your /etc/fstab file.
Create your mount point. You may choose to mount wherever you want but normally partitions are mounted either under /media or under /mnt. The former place would make the partition easily unmountable like a pendrive while the latter is more "permanent".
Open a terminal (ctrl + alt + t) and type sudo mkdir /mnt/choosename. Change choosename to whatever you like.
Type sudo blkid and copy the UUID of your drive.
Press Alt + F2 and type gksudo gedit /etc/fstab, then add a line like this:
UUID=your-UUID-here /mnt/choosename               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1

Once you reboot, your partition will be present in the selected mount point.


User login screen shows only gnome flashback option in ubuntu 14.04

If you have upgraded from Ubuntu 13.10 thn try following, might helps you.

Try to check whether ubuntu-desktop is installed or not !

If its not installed, Try to Install Ubuntu Desktop package

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

Hope this will helps you.


Effects don't work after I install the Nvidia Drivers

I have the same video card and faced the same problem. Install bumblebee will solve the problem. I found no way to use the nvidia card. Instaed use bumblebee to disable nidia card and enable intergrated intel sandt bridge video card.

Installation of bumblebee

The recommended method to install Bumblebee on Ubuntu is by using its Stable Releases PPA, so install that one, refresh the packages list and install Bumblebee using the nvidia driver:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia

for more instructions https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/wiki/Upgrading-on-Ubuntu#wiki-install


Subwoofer not working in 13.10 on Asus N56DP

I also have an N56DP, the solution is actually simple (It works for me on Ubuntu 14.04, i don't know about other versions.) First undo all the other junk you did, No need of messing with any conf files. Download alsa-tools-gui, open hdajackretask, switch to the realtek card and select show unconnected pins.
Override the following:-
14- line out center
15- line out center
16- internal speaker lfe
17- internal speaker lfe
18- line out center
1a- line out front
1b- line out back
1e- spdif out

Note this config enables subwoofer to play the low frequency from the right speaker (this is the standard in windows) By messing around you can try other configurations (I have not tried them all) One configuration i particularly liked turned my mic input into a second headphone jack.


One option that might work for you is to grab a copy of the Helvetica .dfont file, convert it to a .ttf, and copy it to your fonts directory.
The gist goes like this:

Install fondu
sudo apt install fondu

Download the Helvetica.dfont file from this helpful GitHub repository
Convert the font:
fondu Helvetica.dfont

Open the resulting .ttf using the FontViewer application. This is easiest by double-clicking the font file in Nautilus.
Click the “Install” button in the upper-right corner

Hopefully this will give you a better-spaced font.


Downloading Ubuntu 15.04 on an Acer Chromebook C720 and Stuck at this screen

I've had this same issue as well. One of my colleagues noted that some of the text said there was a read only file that could not be written to, and also said that it might be that whatever user was not allowed to write to the Chrubuntu partition. Did you also happen to get strange questions in the installation process on driver packages that seemed to have been recently patched, or something along those lines? I don't quite remember what it said but I know the default answer was no.


Why does apt give me a "Dynamic MMap ran out of room" error when trying to upgrade 6.06 LTS?

This error is due to memory management limitations in older versions of APT. Edit /etc/apt/apt.conf to increase the memory size limit to get over this hurdle:

APT::Cache-Limit "16777216";

Try apt-get update again. If it still fails, increase the number until it works.

If you had enabled nonofficial software sources, disable them (comment them out in /etc/apt/sources.list.

Furthermore, you seem to be trying to upgrade directly from 6.06 to 12.04. This is not supported, and skipping so many versions is likely to cause trouble. No one tried this or made any effort to make it work. You should upgrade piecewise: from 6.06 to 8.04 (the next LTS), then to 10.04, then to 12.04. You might stick to 10.04 which will still be supported for some time (aren't you going to decommission this hardware which is presumably going on 6 years old?).


ImportError: No module named 'PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets'

I'm not 100% certain that this addresses the OP's error message, but at least for Ubuntu 17.04 I have successfully run:

apt-get install python3-pyqt5.qtwebengine

This brings in loads of dependencies, including libqt5webenginecore5, libqt5webenginewidgets5, python3-pyqt5.qtwebchannel and python3-pyqt5.qtwebengine.

I do not know how this relates to @The Compiler's answer of QtWebEngine not being packaged for Ubuntu, but it worked for me without any compiling of Qt/PyQt.


Macbook Pro backlight control not working on Ubuntu 16.04

In the Terminal application enter:

sudo nano /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-nvidia-brightness.conf

Paste:

Section "Device"
    Identifier     "Device0"
    Driver         "nvidia"
    VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
    BoardName      "[GPU]"
    Option         "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"
EndSection

In a new terminal tab (Control + T) or window enter:

  lspci | grep -i --color 'vga\|3d\|2d'

In the first terminal substitude the word [GPU] for the name between brackets shown in the second terminal, leaving out the brackets.
Save the document in the first terminal (Control + O), and reboot the computer.


No decoder available for type 'audio/x-wma'

Whilst many of the audio players have now been upgraded to use the gstreamer 1.0 libraries which would normally play the audio/x-wma stream, radiotray has not.

To play audio/x-wma which your audiostream requires in ubuntu versions prior to 14.04 requires the library gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg to be installed.

Ubuntu 14.04 does not have this ffmpeg library in its repositories.

The easiest way is to install a PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mc3man/trusty-media
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg

As all PPA's you need to be aware of the "red-flags" as per the linked question below.

From a trust-worthy status, I've seen webupd8 themselves promote this - thus it could be construed to be more widely used than some of the obscure PPA's available. mc3man was also behind this "petition" on UF and as a result created his/her PPA.

Related Question

Are PPA's safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?


How do I fix this error when building Octave?

I finally got the problem sorted. The problem was with the fortran library not communicating with the g++ as I had F77 as the default fortran compiler. So I installed gfortran which helped in the liking and the make process completed successfully. This is the entire discussion thread on the octave help page in case any one requires more help regarding this issue.


How to perform apt-get operation on all installed packages?

Just found a solution:

sudo apt-get install $(dpkg --get-selections | awk '{print $1}' | egrep -v 'dpkg|apt|mysql|mythtv')
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install $(dpkg --get-selections | awk '{print $1}' | egrep -v 'dpkg|apt|mysql|mythtv')

Now get the list of failed-to-install items, then put it at the end of the next command:

sudo apt-get remove --purge <add packages in previous item>
fakeroot -u dpkg-repack $(dpkg --get-selections | grep install | cut -f1)


How can I make shutdown not require admin password?

Richard Holloway's answer is not actually the way PolickKit authorisations are meant to be granted. The files installed under /usr/share/polkit-1/actions are not meant to be modified. Instead, you should modify the authorities under /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/.

Here's how you do it for this question:

Create a file named /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/allow_all_users_to_shutdown.pkla and edit it using sudoedit to look like this:

[Allow all users to shutdown]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.stop-multiple-users
ResultInactive=no
ResultActive=yes

Then create another .pkla file in the same directory. Use any name you like ending with .pkla, for example, allow_all_users_to_restart.pkla, and fill it with these contents:

[Allow all users to restart]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.restart-multiple-users
ResultInactive=no
ResultActive=yes

References:

polkit Reference Manual: pklocalauthority
ArchWiki page on PolicyKit


How large should I make root, home, usr, var, and tmp partitions?

First, I would put all space, except /boot, in a LVM2 volume. That's because it makes it so much easier to adjust partition size later, even on live systems and modern file systems.

Then I would make root small about 1GB, /usr about 6GB, /var about 2GB, /boot about 512 MB, swap same size as RAM, /var/log, /home and /srv large enough. It can be adjusted later.

I would not used all unallocated space now, as that could later be used to expand the other partitions, as I'm using LVM2.  I could even add new paritions like /tmp, but that is a bit more complicated. I never use anything but LVM2 anymore. With that, I can even move the installation to RAID disks in less than 30 minutes, including creating and copy files and all.

For more information about LVM2, read this: http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/410

Yes, about encryptions, please have a look at Luks support:

http://www.hermann-uwe.de/taxonomy/term/95
http://www.debian-administration.org/users/dkg/weblog/71
(Package cryptsetup) file:/usr/share/doc/cryptsetup/README.remote.gz


If you using [Manual Proxy configuration], adding the domain "mail.com" or host "www.mail.com" to [No Proxy for] field in your example will solve the problem.
Firefox sends proxy request before resolving the hosts file or dns.


best ubuntu release for amd a10 cpu, asus a88x-pro, g.skill ddr3 2400

I use an AMD A8 APU with Ubuntu 14.04 and the open source Radion driver included in the distribution and this works well.
If you are doing something very graphics intense (like gaming) you may need to use the fgixr (ana AMD Catalyst) This can be downloaded from AMD, but personally, I would only try this if the open source driver is not good enough for you (I find the open source driver works well with home cinema).

Personally, I would start by installing 16.04 but note that the fgixr driver may not work with 16.04 so if you go down this route and the open source driver is not good enough for you, you may have no upgrade route


Wireless still does not work 12.04 Dell Dimension 3000

You need an ethernet connection then please do:

sudo apt-get purge --remove bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree
sudo modprobe -r wl
sudo modprobe -r ssb
sudo modprobe ssb
sudo modprobe b43

This should be blacklisted.

blacklist bcm43xx

Edit: Also

blacklist wl


Normal RAM usage for Ubuntu 12.04 + Unity?

Yes, ~480 MB is normal for a stock 64-bit 12.04 with Unity (I get similar).

Don't forget that what you call the "core" system is actually running a 3D desktop environment as well as lots of background services. Windows 7 SP1 x64 with Aero is in the same region.

This shouldnt be a problem on a system with 2gb or more of RAM  If you want to lower RAM usage, consider switching to a lighter version such as Lubuntu.


Cannot dual boot windows after ubuntu (gpt partition issue)

You're running into issues of Windows' compatibility between boot mode (BIOS/CSM/legacy vs. EFI/UEFI) and partition table type (MBR vs. GPT). Specifically:

Your /dev/sda clearly uses the old Master Boot Record (MBR) partition table type. Unless you have a third disk you're not showing, it's booting Linux in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode.
Your /dev/sdb clearly uses the new GUID Partition Table (GPT). To boot Windows from this disk in its current form, Windows would have to be installed in EFI/UEFI mode. Doing this might not even be possible with your current hardware (that depends on whether it's EFI-based and uses a CSM to boot Linux in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode or if it's an older BIOS-based computer). If it is possible, it would be awkward.

To step back a bit: Prior to late 2011, most computers used BIOS firmware. Computer firmware is responsible for kick-starting the boot process, and BIOS dates back to the 1980s. By today's standards, it's primitive and awkward. To replace it, EFI firmware (and its version-2.x variant, UEFI) was created. EFI is more sophisticated and flexible, but it requires new boot loaders. A final twist on this is that most EFIs for x86-64 computers include a feature, the Compatibility Support Module (CSM), which enables EFI-based computers to boot with BIOS-mode boot loaders. The CSM is awkward itself, though, and it's best to install all OSes in one mode -- that is, all in native EFI/UEFI mode or all in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode.

There are quite a few different possible ways to achieve your goal, but some of them depend on your having a newer EFI-based computer. Although I generally favor EFI-mode booting these days, I think sticking with BIOS-mode may be easier in your specific case. To do so, follow these steps:

Use my gdisk utility to convert /dev/sdb from GPT to MBR form. See this page of the gdisk documentation to learn how to do this. (Note that gdisk is a standard part of Ubuntu.) A caveat: There is some risk to doing this conversion. It's a small risk, but it's not non-existent. You should back up your disk before attempting this conversion. If you don't have the means to back up your disk, acquire it; disk failures, user errors, bugs, and other problems wipe out data all the time, even when you don't take risks with GPT-to-MBR conversions and the like.
If desired or necessary, use GParted to create additional partitions on /dev/sdb. Do not let the Windows installer create partitions! On MBR disks, the Windows partitioning tools are a nightmare, and can create a configuration that's next to useless under Ubuntu. If you want to stick with the two-partition setup you've got now (but converted to MBR form), you should be fine, so long as the Windows installer doesn't try to create lots more partitions. (Problems really begin when Windows tries to create a configuration with more than four partitions on an MBR disk.)
Launch the Windows installer and install to the Windows partition you've created on /dev/sdb.
There's a chance that Windows will take over the boot process. In this case, you'll need to run Boot Repair from an Ubuntu emergency disk. I'd be ready with an Ubuntu installation/emergency disk just in case this becomes necessary.
If necessary, boot into Ubuntu and run sudo update-grub. This will tell Ubuntu to reconfigure GRUB so that it detects Windows and offers an option to boot Windows on GRUB's menu.

The other major approach is to convert Ubuntu to boot in EFI mode and install Windows in that mode, too. Clearly, though, you're booting the Windows installer in BIOS mode (that's why it's complaining about the disk being GPT; Windows won't install to or boot from a GPT disk when booted in BIOS mode), so it's uncertain that you've even got an EFI-based computer; and if you do, you'll need to find a way to boot your installer in EFI mode rather than in BIOS mode. If you go with this approach, you'll definitely need to install a new EFI-mode Linux boot loader after you've installed Windows. Boot Repair can do this, but you'll need to boot the Ubuntu emergency disk in EFI mode.

As background reading, particularly if you think you've got an EFI-based computer, and especially if you try to go the EFI route, I recommend you read my page on the CSM. This page is written for people in a different situation from yours, but it describes what the CSM is and how it can complicate the boot process. My recommendation to install Windows in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode is at odds with the general theme of my CSM page, but given that your existing Ubuntu installation is almost certainly in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode and you're clearly booting the Windows installer in that same mode, it seems that sticking with that mode is the course of least resistance, even though that will require changing /dev/sdb from GPT to MBR.


Settings (gnome-control-center) does not open in 19.10

I have been having the same problem. I am on a Debian 10 system running Cinnamon.

I did find a workaround at

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1645855

by doing the following in a bash shell:

XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=GNOME gnome-control-center


According to Caja's source code - it has EXIF-related functionality in all current versions.
So you need to have exif-packages installed in the system. Caja depends on libexif12 package.
If unsure install it with:
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libexif12

And then you check the information in Image tab of file Properties.
It will show at least image type and dimensions.
If image has EXIF information - then it will be displayed too:

If you do not have EXIF in this tab - then it means that it was removed from image.
You can use exiftool from libimage-exiftool-perl package to confirm.


VMWare Horizon Client Not Fully Installing?

On Ubuntu 14.04 it is in the repository for "Canonical Partners". Check this option on tab "Other Software" in "Software & Updates" and you will find it.

It is an installer with an graphical frontend.
If you try to install the .Bundle from Terminal, then you could try something like:

cd Downloads
chmod +x VMware-Horizon-Client-4.0.1-3698616.x64.bundle
gksudo ./VMware-Horizon-Client-4.0.1-3698616.x64.bundle


You can export them like this.

#!/bin/bash
#Specific Set Variables
SpecficStatus="Pass" #SetVariable
timestamp() { date +"%a %d %b %Y %T %Z"; }
SpecficDate=$(timestamp)

echo $SpecficStatus
echo $SpecficDate

#Properties Call
file="savedState.properties"
#Echo out the file

while IFS== read -r VAR1 VAR2
do
    #echo "VAR1=$VAR1 : VAR2=$VAR2"
    export "$VAR1=$VAR2"
done < savedState.properties

echo "$WD_MANAGEGOLD_DATETIMESTAMP"
echo "$WD_MANAGEGOLD_SUCCESS"
echo "$WD_MANAGERC_DATETIMESTAMP"
echo "$WD_MANAGERC_SUCCESS"

This prints out :

Pass
Wed 20 May 2015 12:24:26 EDT
Wed 20 May 2015 13:50:51 UTC
false
Wed 20 May 2015 13:50:51 UTC
false


OAuth/Authenticating user for Unity Lenses

Check Ubuntu API pages, it certainly have required APIs


Why isn't my BIND configuration correct?

I forgot to add the root domain (.) to the end of the domain names.
e.g ns1.example.net.


When starting up, Ubuntu shows only a blinking cursor. Why?

Just remove the quiet splash from the GRUB cmdline. Now you should see text output which will also tell you whether there are errors on boot.

If it still stays blank, try Boot Repair

If you are getting lots of text, search for any errors shown there. Add these errors to your questions. This is best done by copying the boot logfile from within the Live System (from DVD).

Boot from DVD
For you're not very experienced with Ubuntu, I'll show you the GUI way to do it:
Open the file manager
Go to the Ubuntu partition (Should be listed on the left)
If you're not sure which is Windows and which is Ubuntu (as long as they aren't labelled), try both. The Ubuntu partition got directories like etc, usr, home int it, Windows doesn't
Go to <UbuntuPartiton>/var/log and open the file boot.log.

Add the contents of this file to your question (edit it and insert the stuff formatted as code: Select the inserted log and hit Ctrl+K)

With this information we might help you better.


'Unattended upgrades' does not reboot system

Well I be damned, it proved to be the mailing issue all along. Once we sorted out the email problems 'unattended upgrades' rebooted the system just as intended.


I accidentally did ssh-add -d .. how do I re-add my key from authorized_keys?

ssh-add is the client part of ssh-agent, it has nothing to do with granting access to hosts (which is done by adding the public key (.pub) to ~/.ssh/authorized_hosts on the server side). ssh-agent is a program which you use on the client side, the server side only needs sshd.

By invoking ssh-add -d, you have cleared a cached key from ssh-agent such that you have to re-enter your SSH keyfile passphrase next time you ssh to a system. You won't lock yourself out by clearing this cache. Simply run ssh-add (or ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa for a specific keyfile) to remember the keyfile passphrase again for this session.

The -i option of ssh is only necessary if your private key is located on a non-standard location. ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa user@host is nearly equivalent to ssh user@host since ~/.ssh/id_rsa is one of the standard places where SSH looks for a keyfile.

The reason why ssh-add ~/.ssh/authorized_keys prompts for a password is because it did not recognize an unprotected key, and thus assumed a password-protected key. In fact, the file has an invalid format so no password will work here.

See also the manual page ssh-add(1).


"Multiple desktops" missing from Workspace Behavior in KubuntuTrusty

you have to go into appearance and click on the "enable workspaces" checkbox.
hope it helps


After you have installed Ubuntu and the computer is rebooting, you have to remove the USB because the computer will still boot the USB before the harddriver, as you specified in the BIOS settings.
Manual  partitioning
Consider that this list is long because it guides you closely and was intended to be very comprehensive.
I think this list of steps should fix your problem, but only run it if you can re-install Windows (in case anything goes wrong or you care about having it):

Backup the data on Windows' you care about, i.e. user files, applications, etc.
Defragment your hard-disk. This can be done from Windows.
Contrary to intuition, files don't stack up in order in a hard-disk. They can be represented by spread out papers in a box. When you create a new partition you are chopping this box into two pieces: the first being your Windows partition and the second your Linux partition. If your Windows files are stacked up in the Windows piece of the box, you will lose no data the moment you divide your disk; otherwise you will. To stack the Windows files as required - at the beginning of the partition - you defragment the disk.
Boot from the USB and "Try" Ubuntu.
Partition your system with gparted.
There are plenty of guides on the subject already which are easily findable. The idea here is that after defragmenting your disk you will be able to shrink your windows partition manually to a desired size, and use all the rest for Ubuntu.
Install Ubuntu and when prompted to select the installation type, select manual; there you will use the partitions you made on step 3.
Make sure that in step 3 you create a primary partition for GRUB, and that in this step you will let Ubuntu install GRUB in such partition.

By installing Ubuntu this way, you are assured that Ubuntu has available as much space as there is available.


How to update to the latest numpy and scipy on Ubuntu 14.04LTS

I found @David Foerster's comment quite helpful. I also had python3-numpy and python3-scipy installed, which was overriding my later install, so I simply issued:

sudo apt-get remove python3-numpy

And then all the proper versions were already there, as revealed by

pip3 show numpy


Wait for key after nautilus-actions in terminal

You could use read (see man page of your shell) to make the terminal wait for the user to press a key to indicate they have read the output. Unfortunately, read from dash is rather limited, so I'd recommend using bash for this.

read -s -n1 -p "Press any key to continue" will print the prompt to the terminal (-p), wait for any key to be pressed (-n1) and finally exit without printing the entered key (-s).

Adding that to your script gives your users all the time they need.

Update: To integrate the above into nautilus-actions, create a bash script you can then use as action in the configuration dialog.

The script would have to look something like the following.

#!/bin/bash
gksu chmod +x $1
read -s -n1 -p "Press any key to continue"

Calling that script with a file name as first parameter – just like you did before with chmod – will set the executable bit for that file, then wait for user input.


Not much. Even now, Flash for Linux is a lot less efficient, and it used to be much worse.


How to follow someone at Gwibber for Twitter

There is no such function.

You have to click on 'view this message', which opens a web page of the message where you can then switch to the user-profile.


echo command works when manually executed but not when inserted as bash script

Well I have found the problem, it had nothing to do with bash script.
The command that I said was not able to produce the desired behavior of the gpu was actually working.

What I didn't know was that whenever pp_od_clk_voltage gets modified, pp_dpm_sclk resets to default. Thus making any changes prior to modifying pp_od_clk_voltage useless.

I just needed to excute the commands related to pp_dpm_sclk after the commands related to pp_od_clk_voltage. The final working script is as follow if anyone is interested(AMD RX460):

#!/bin/bash
# **************************************Info************************************* #
#                                         #
# This simple script disables p-State 0 for amdgpu: fix audio-crackling over hdmi.#
# Then p-State 1 is modified to match p-State 0 voltage and frequency.        #
# Also a little bit of undervolting is also introduced to keep gpu happy.     #
#                                         #
# *************************************README************************************ #
#                                         #
# Inside the directory containing hdmi-audio-crack-fix and .service files, run:   #
#                                         #
#   sudo cp hdmi-audio-crack-fix /usr/bin/                    #
#       sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/hdmi-audio-crack-fix                  #
#   sudo cp hdmi-audio-crack-fix.service /etc/systemd/system/         #
#   sudo systemctl enable hdmi-audio-crack-fix.service            #
#                                         #
# Check if everything is working as intended:                     #
#       cat /sys/class/drm/card0/device/pp_od_clk_voltage             #
#       cat /sys/class/drm/card0/device/pp_dpm_sclk           #
#                                         #
# **************************************END************************************** #

# Change amdgpu dpm performance level to manual
echo "manual" > /sys/devices/pci0000:64/0000:64:00.0/0000:65:00.0/power_dpm_force_performance_level

# Reduceing p-State 1 and 2 clock to reduce temperature on idle
echo "s 1 220 800" > /sys/devices/pci0000:64/0000:64:00.0/0000:65:00.0/pp_od_clk_voltage
echo "s 2 620 810" > /sys/devices/pci0000:64/0000:64:00.0/0000:65:00.0/pp_od_clk_voltage

# Undervolting gpu for the highest p-States: 5, 6, 7
echo "s 5 1138 992" > /sys/devices/pci0000:64/0000:64:00.0/0000:65:00.0/pp_od_clk_voltage
echo "s 6 1172 1005" > /sys/devices/pci0000:64/0000:64:00.0/0000:65:00.0/pp_od_clk_voltage
echo "s 7 1212 1050" > /sys/devices/pci0000:64/0000:64:00.0/0000:65:00.0/pp_od_clk_voltage

# Now sync new core/voltage table with GPU
echo "c" > /sys/devices/pci0000:64/0000:64:00.0/0000:65:00.0/pp_od_clk_voltage

# Finally, Disable pstate 0 as this is causing the crackling over hdmi
# This step should run after any modification to pp_od_clk_voltage, otherwise it gets reset.
echo "1 2 3 4 5 6 7" >  /sys/devices/pci0000:64/0000:64:00.0/0000:65:00.0/pp_dpm_sclk


Ubuntu Server 17 - move EFI to different disk

So, I tried lots of different things that came up from various google searches, and finally got my system to boot after removing the faulty drive (/dev/sda).  I'm pretty sure it was a simple matter of running:

sudo grub-install /dev/sdc

followed by

sudo update-grub

Maybe somebody smarter than me can confirm this was all that was needed.  At any rate, my issue has been resolved.  L.D. - thanks for fixing the formatting on my post.


could not find kernel image casper vmlinuz while doing installation

There should be an option when you boot to "Check disc for defects". Select this option (on the machine onto which you are attempting to install), to see if perhaps the data on the USB flash drive are corrupt (which is possible even if the .iso image from which you wrote the USB flash drive is good). This can also identify problems with the machine's ability to access the installation medium properly, which is why it's best to do it on the machine you want to install on.

If that doesn't check out, then try writing the image to the USB flash drive again. If that doesn't work, try writing the image to the USB flash drive with UNetbootin instead of the Universal USB Installer. If that doesn't work (or "Check disc for defects" did work originally on the USB flash drive), try a different USB flash drive, or try installing burning and booting a CD or DVD.


Your university IMAP may by default seems to use the name "Sent Messages" to store send mail. The IMAP server may be set not to allow to delete it.
In Thunderbird, you can define what folder to use for sent mail ("Preferences - Account settings", in the "Account settings" dialog, locate your account in the left pane and select "Copies and Folders"). You recognize the folder used by Thunderbird by the special icon of that folder.

If you never use the web mail of your university, you could use "Sent", the default Thunderbird folder, for sent mail. You may not be allowed to delete the "Send messages" folder, because it is special to your University account. In order not to see it, unsubscribe from it in Thunderbird (Right-click an account in the left pane and select "Unsubscribe"). After this, the folder continues to exist on the server, but you do not see it in Thunderbird.
If you also want to use the web mail, then it depends on the extend by which you can customize the sent mail folder on the server. If you can't, then have Thunderbird use the same folder as your web mail system of your university. The other folder with the name "Sent" (the default name of Thunderbird) will revert to be a normal custom folder, and you should be able to delete it. Otherwise, you may be able to change the server side to also use the "Sent" folder.


Ubuntu screen resolution cannot be changed

Hit the super key ("Windows" key) and type "displays", then down arrow twice, then enter. That should bring up the display manager which should allow you to change the display settings.

If display manager doesn't work, then you might need to get into the Nvidia Settings Manager (it's been several year since I've dealt with Nvidia software on any of my machines, so I'm not sure what you would need to tweak there or how to get to the right options).


How to configure L2TP/IPsec VPN on Ubuntu 18.04 gui?

So it appears I configured everything correctly as it started working after I logged out of the user and logged back in.


Ubuntu 18.04 Virtual box : 3D acceleration activated, does not work

So, if you have nothing against using unity instead of gnome (still on ubuntu 18.04), here is a solution that worked for me. ubuntu 18.04 on virtualbox with 3D acceleration (on windows 10 host).
Step to reproduce :

install virtualbox 5.2.8
install ubuntu 18.04 from official CD image (I choose the minimal install at startup)
install build-essential and ubuntu-unity-desktop
reboot
install virtualbox guest extension from the virtualbox menu (not the apt-get version, maybe it works, did not test it).
reboot
????
Profit !

I don't know if it worked this time because I installed unity before the guest extension or because I use the guest extension provided by virtualbox and not from the repo.

It would seem it works with unity because unity does not use X11 and virtualbox does not support X11 very well ? (not sure about that part though, lots of other thread read, I might be a bit confused)


In Ubuntu 13.04, can I add more wallpapers to the collections Ubuntu already has?

You can use Variety.

  Variety is a wallpaper changer for Ubuntu which is featureful, yet
  slim and very easy to use. It can automatically download wallpapers
  from various online sources, allows rotating them on a regular
  interval or on demand, and provides easy to use ways to separate the
  great images from the junk.

To install Variety, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:peterlevi/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install variety

Once installed, search variety in dash, and run it.  Once opened, adjust the settings to your liking,  I added the /home/user_name/pictures, and used my own, plus the original backgrounds folder, and it works OK.


How to Export several grep outputs into one file?

As the first comment said, without a view of your "file.txt" it is tough to know for sure we are getting this right.

My first thought was why don't you take the easy road? The >> will append, so create the one thing, add the rest.

cat file.txt | grep 'Values a' | cut -d' ' -f9 > a.csv
cat file.txt | grep 'Values b' | cut -d' ' -f9 >> a.csv
cat file.txt | grep 'Values c' | cut -d' ' -f9 >> a.csv
cat file.txt | grep 'Values d' | cut -d' ' -f9 >> a.csv

Then I wondered why do you run cat at all

grep 'Values a' file.txt | cut -d' ' -f9 > a.csv
grep 'Values b' file.txt | cut -d' ' -f9 >> a.csv
grep 'Values c' file.txt | cut -d' ' -f9 >> a.csv
grep 'Values d' file.txt | cut -d' ' -f9 >> a.csv

That works, but it puts the 4 things on new lines, rather than as comma separated values.

So I concentrated on stopping the new lines from being inserted, and getting a comma instead. awk can handle that.

grep 'Values a' file.txt | cut -d' ' -f9 | awk '{printf $0 ","}' > a.csv
grep 'Values b' file.txt | cut -d' ' -f9 | awk '{printf $0 ","}' >> a.csv

and so forth. That works, but right before I hit "send" I realized that I was following along with you using cut and we don't need to. awk can select the 9th thing.

grep 'Values a' file.txt | awk '{printf $9 ","}' > a.csv
grep 'Values b' file.txt | awk '{printf $9 ","}' >> a.csv

That worked on a little test case I made, maybe not on your test case.

If I were doing repeated greps on data to build a file, I'd probably prefer to keep it in separate lines, rather than in a big, complicated tangle like the other one recommended. So I don't think I'd go for a one liner, four lines I can understand is good enough.

If you are going to do more shell work like this, I suggest you get a copy of the old book Unix Power Tools.  It has a lot of tricks like this.


Why my bash-script doesn't work with cron?

I suppose that you are using crontab with normal user which means that he can't update/upgrade a system without providing a sudo.

Also apt-get update and apt-get upgrade will prompt user for confirmation so you have to pass this confirmation before.

yes | apt-get update
yes | apt-get upgrade

So to solve it you have to run your commands with sudo, but this will put you in problem how to provide the password to the sudo.

Moreover

echo  "Update am "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") >> /var/log/update.log

is writing in /var/log/... which means need permission to do that which is not founded for a normal user.

In order to solve that you should run your script in the root cron.

sudo crontab -e

will open the root cron file in your default editor.

Add the entry of your script

0 3 * * * /drives/files/scripts/update.sh

Now save and exit.

PS: just in case, be sure that you give execution permission for your script. to do that run the command:

chmod +x /path-to-script


How to connect from home PC to Virtualbox/KVM that hosted on Ubuntu server?

In the ifconfig of the ubuntu machine the ip range is:
46.4.21.65 - 46.4.21.126
(use http://www.subnet-calculator.com/ if you cant work it out)

The ip you specified on the windows server is in the 192.168 range, which is not on the same subnet.

You need to specify the IP in the windows server (to one that is free) something like:

IP address: 46.4.21.80
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.192
Default gateway: 46.4.21.65

DNS server : 208.67.222.222 or a valid internal one if you have one (I assume you might be making the windows server a dns server so you could set it to itself AFTER installing the dns role ie: 127.0.0.1)

This will allow connectivity. One question, why do you have such a strange IP range on the ubuntu server (46.4....) is it a public IP or something? Normally you seperate your servers with a firewall rather than assigning a public IP to the interface, for security concerns.

Pete


Question about root user and/or running certain commands in my terminal?

Is it possible that people give you commands that can harm my PC or
  gain access to my PC for malicious reasons, like messing up root or
  take control of my pc or view what's on my pc or cause privacy issues,
  etc.?

Yes. (Unlikely, but possible.)

  Is it possible by entering commands giving to me by others, I'm
  actually giving them permission to do harm or unwanted things to my
  PC?

Yes. (Unlikely, but possible.)

  Is there a way I can see if I am in full control of my PC like Root or
  super user and no one else is messing with anything?

You can check if you have full sudo privileges:

$ sudo -l
User muru may run the following commands on muru-arch:
    (ALL) ALL

But you can't really say for sure if nobody is messing with your PC unless you know what commands you ran.


Yes, you can add your DNS to /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d, editing "head" file or adding "tail" file with your dns.
To do this you need write permissions to /. You can use sudo mount -o remount,rw /.
You can use terminal emulator (download from store) or ssh access to do this.


Dropbox disappearing from system tray after unplugging from second monitor

So it seems that this is a similar issue to a question asked a month later for Xubuntu (Dropbox icon is not working Xubuntu 14.04 LTS 64). The issue relates to dbus sessions in a way I don't understand. But I can fix the issue by running:

dropbox stop && DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS="" dropbox start


Zotero cannot retrieve metadata from PDF

Solved by deleting pdftotext and pdfinfo from the zotero directory and re-installing them.


Laptop doesn't suspend when closing lid or on manual trigger, then suspends after entering password

I had the same problem. I removed the password and then it worked fine. But again after I enabled the password, the same thing happened. I ended up re-installing my Ubuntu. Now it works perfectly fine. I hope this helps you...  ;)


Ubuntu 20.04 crashes when it copies from a external disk large data

BIOS

You have a very old BIOS, v: X455LAB.208 date: 08/03/2015.

The latest version is 302 from 6/4/2019, and can be downloaded here. Make sure to select X455LAB as your model #.

Note: Perform good data backups before upgrading the BIOS.

Note: Upgrading the BIOS may, or may not, solve your external disk copy problem.

Disk

You didn't state how large your external USB 3.0 disk is, but if it's 1TB or larger, you'll need to connect the AC power adapter to the external case, or use a powered USB hub. The USB 3.0 port normally doesn't have enough power to support external devices with high power needs.

SMART

Start the Disks application, select the desired HDD (check both internal and external disks), go to the "hamburger" icon, and select SMART Data & Tests. View the SMART Data window. Edit your question, and add the screenshot(s) if you wish me to review them for you.

memtest

Since you recently added RAM, go to https://www.memtest86.com/ and download/run their free memtest to test your memory. Get at least one complete pass of all the 4/4 tests to confirm good memory. This may take many hours to complete.


As Marius says: hardware is detected by the kernel at boot time, or later if it's "pluggable" (USB, etc.).  When the hardware is recognized, the related kernel module (driver) will be loaded and in most cases userspace will be notified via dbus/udev to determine what to do with that hardware; udev has a set of "rules" that specify what to do with certain types of hardware.  E.g. "if the detected hardware is an USB printer, add it to the print server (CUPS)" is an example of such rule, and it would look something like this:

# Low-level USB device add trigger
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{bInterfaceClass}=="07", ATTR{bInterfaceSubClass}=="01", RUN+="udev-configure-printer add %p"
# usblp device add trigger (needed when usblp is already loaded)
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="lp*", RUN+="udev-configure-printer add %p"

The above is part of /lib/udev/rules.d/70-printers.rules (at least, on 10.10), which also includes a rule for removing the printer from CUPS if you unplug it.

BTW: USB class 7 are USB printers.

In some cases you might have to change some configuration files, but that would be considered a bug or a necessary workaround (some hardware is impossible or difficult to detect).


Is that possible to add memory to the / partition?

You would have to shift your partitions in order to make room for the root partition. I think you should be able to do it in the method:

Move /dev/sda3 the left. (How much depends on how much space you want to add to your root partition).
expand /dev/sda4
Move Partitions if you have to, I think you might have to move partition /dev/sda7 to the right.
Expand /dev/sda6 to fill up the space you just freed up.

In order to make these changes you would have to boot from an Ubuntu Live USB. The Ubuntu Live USB comes with GParted So you can easily make these changes.


I was able to get a nice pointer:

Since now Lubuntu/Ubuntu does not have xorg.conf file I generated it (1) and then modify it to look like the one from Debian website (2) (http://wiki.debian.org/InstallingDebianOn/HP/HP2133 )

1) generate xorg.conf:

press Ctrl+Alt+F1   (to switch to text terminal)

Login

sudo service lightdm stop   (to stop desktop environment)

sudo xorg -configure  (to configure xorg.conf, it will put the file in your home direction)

sudo cp home/username/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf (in username put your user name)  (to copy created file to the location that system will recognise and use it)

sudo service lightdm start   (to start desktop environment)

2) modify xorg.conf:

go to http://wiki.debian.org/InstallingDebianOn/HP/HP2133 in section Resources Attachments there is xorg.conf file contents, select and copy it. (Ctrl+C copy selected)

Open terminal

sudo leafpad /etc/X11/xorg.conf    (to open xorg.conf for modification)

Ctrl+A  (to select all)

Delate   (to delele selected)

Ctrl+V    (to past copied earlier file)

Save and close file.

Restart computer.


How do I know that I have missed notifications on Ubuntu 18.04?

You can use the Notifications Alert GNOME shell extension. This is how the extension works:

Whenever there is an unread notification (e.g. chat messages), blinks the message in the user's menu with a color chosen by the user.

The extension also lets you customise the rate of blinking, set up blacklist/whitelist etc.
Another less flashy alternative is provided by the Always Indicator  extension. This is how this one works:

Always show the new messages indicator on new messages.

Features:

New message indicator is always shown if there are notifications.
The color of the indicator can be customized.
If 'do not disturb' is active, the icon is displayed in the custom color if there are notifications.

Refer to this to learn more about installing and configuring GNOME extensions: How do I install and manage GNOME Shell extensions?


I fixed it by changing the clock and screen position in my monitor settings.


Transfering Documents, Pictures, Music, Downloads, Videos from SSD to HDD

Assuming you HDD is well formatted and mounted in Ubuntu. In other words, you can access the HDD from a file manager (e.g. Nautilus). You can just create the required folders Documents, Downloads, Pictures, etc. on you HDD. And move your files to these new locations.

Next, there are some things you could do to make things a little more convenient.

For example, you could edit the ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs file. This file defines the links to the special Documents, Downloads, etc folders (these are shown in Nautilus on the left). The default content of this file looks like this:

XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"

You can just edit this file to reflect the changes you made.

To resemble the original situation even more, you could add bind mounts to your /etc/fstab file. If you go this route, you don't need to change the ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs file. You would just bind mount for example the new location of the Documents folder (on your HDD), to the original location in your HOME folder. You could accomplish this by adding a line like this to your /etc/fstab:

/<mount-point-hdd>/Documents /home/<user-name>/Documents none rw,bind 0 0


as per the help files (man chattr),

A  file  with the `a' attribute set can only be open in append mode for writing.

In your case the file has this attribute

The  operator  `+'  causes  the  selected attributes to be added to the
       existing attributes of the files; `-' causes them to  be  removed;

So the command to try would be

sudo chattr -a /etc/resolv.conf

and try listing the attributes once again using

lsattr /etc/resolv.conf

Then try deleting the file


If I have windows on hibernate, and I start ubuntu, will my computer lag?

If I have windows on hibernate, will it be using up some of my RAM memory, and cause it to lag? Or will I not have a problem at all?

No your RAM won't be used but you can't access the Windows partitions on Ubuntu if you do so.


can't control the brightness on Ubuntu 13.10

Found the solution that worked for me - hope it will help to anyone else: adding "acpi_backlight=vendor" to the grub file isn't enough. you need to add acpi_osi=Linux as well !
I update the grub file in /etc/default/grub :

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

than run the next command line from terminal :

sudo update-grub

and than restart.


I would say downloading the Debian installer, then clicking on the file and providing your password to confirm your permission to install software would do the trick.

.deb files roughly equivalent to .msi files in Windows :) They often also include pre- and post-install scripts to configure the system, so I would expect everything to be in a useable state once you install it.

Example: installing Apache configures it with some basic defaults and even starts the server so you can access http://localhost/ and see "It works!" page straight away.


How do I get brightness controls working on a Sony VAIO Fit 15E?

I had another folder named acpi_video0 in this location /sys/class/backlight/
I added following command at the end but before exit 0 in gksu gedit /etc/rc.local file:
 echo 0 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness
 echo 0 > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness

It worked for me. And now I want to get current brightness and save it into a file to restore it at next restart.
How to functionality last adjusted brightness load after next reboot?
Step 1: Check brightness levels
Set your brightness to maximum and check current level by below command:
 cat /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/max_brightness

   (my laptop max brightness is 100 :)
Now set your brightness to minimum and check current level by evoking next command:
 cat /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness

   (my laptop min brightness level is 0 :)
Step 2: Create a file to store your current brightness:
 sudo touch /etc/init.d/prev_brightness
 sudo chmod o+w /etc/init.d/prev_brightness

Step 3: Create a script that stores your current brightness(the save_screen_brightness file) when shutting down into the file prev_brightness that you created in the previous step:
 sudo touch /etc/init.d/save_current_brightness
 sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/save_screen_brightness

Open the save_screen_brightness file with your favorite editor app:
 gksu gedit /etc/init.d/save_screen_brightness

And put this script into it:
 #!/bin/sh
 cat /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness > /etc/init.d/prev_brightness

Save it and go to next step ;)
Step 4: Make the script run every time we shutdown or reboot the computer:
 sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/save_current_brightness /etc/rc0.d/K99save_screen_brightness
## Shuttingdown ^^
 sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/save_current_brightness /etc/rc6.d/K99save_screen_brightness
## Rebooting ^^

Step 5: Load the value we stored when starting the computer:
Add the following line at the end and before exit 0 into your /etc/rc.local file:
 cat /etc/init.d/prev_brightness > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness

That's it ;)
Thanks to @Hevilath's answer and @user207402's answer and also @AiPdimi's answer


Bash command to convert IP addresses into their "reverse" form?


How can I install gstreamer 1.0 in Ubuntu 12.04?

If you don't have ubuntu-restricted-extras installed you may need to install that, and any other libraries you require from the repositories.

If you want to install gstreamer 1.0, you need to use the backports for Precise from the gstreamer developers ppa, which is the best source at the minute and the most 'official' developer ppa available.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gstreamer-developers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gstreamer1.0*

This will install all the base packages and plugins that you require, and is fine to install, even though you also have the earlier version installed as well, although applications will not use gstreamer1.0 unless they have been built with support for it.

For more information regarding ppas, please see these discussions:

What are PPAs and how do I use them?
Are PPA's safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?


... and suddenly, bluetooth stopped working: No default controller available

I also resolved this by powering down my laptop, as mentioned by the question's author in a comment.
Simply restarting did not resolve the issue. To be completely paranoid, I also unplugged the machine from the power supply before powering it back on. Bluetooth magically re-appeared.


On clean VM with Ubuntu MATE 18.04.1 LTS the binary version (scilab-5.5.2.bin.linux-x86_64.tar.gz) crashes with Segmentation fault (core dumped) caused by Java-related problem with thirdparty/java.
So we need to install Scilab 5.5.2 by manually downloading packages from 16.04 LTS repository with all their dependencies. Below is the complete instruction:
cd ~/Downloads
# scilab files
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/scilab/scilab_5.5.2-2ubuntu3_all.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/scilab/scilab-cli_5.5.2-2ubuntu3_all.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/scilab/scilab-data_5.5.2-2ubuntu3_all.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/scilab/scilab-doc_5.5.2-2ubuntu3_all.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/scilab/scilab-full-bin_5.5.2-2ubuntu3_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/scilab/scilab-include_5.5.2-2ubuntu3_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/scilab/scilab-minimal-bin_5.5.2-2ubuntu3_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/scilab/scilab-test_5.5.2-2ubuntu3_all.deb
# scilab dependencies
wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/h/hdf5/libhdf5-10_1.8.16+docs-4ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/s/suitesparse/libsuitesparseconfig4.4.6_4.4.6-1_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/s/suitesparse/libamd2.4.1_4.4.6-1_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libm/libmatio/libmatio2_1.5.3-1_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/s/suitesparse/libcamd2.4.1_4.4.6-1_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/s/suitesparse/libccolamd2.9.1_4.4.6-1_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/s/suitesparse/libcolamd2.9.1_4.4.6-1_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/s/suitesparse/libcholmod3.0.6_4.4.6-1_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/s/suitesparse/libumfpack5.7.1_4.4.6-1_amd64.deb

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libcurl3
sudo apt-get install ./libhdf5-10_1.8.16+docs-4ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb \
./libsuitesparseconfig4.4.6_4.4.6-1_amd64.deb \
./libamd2.4.1_4.4.6-1_amd64.deb \
./libmatio2_1.5.3-1_amd64.deb \
./libcamd2.4.1_4.4.6-1_amd64.deb \
./libccolamd2.9.1_4.4.6-1_amd64.deb \
./libcolamd2.9.1_4.4.6-1_amd64.deb \
./libcholmod3.0.6_4.4.6-1_amd64.deb \
./libumfpack5.7.1_4.4.6-1_amd64.deb \
./scilab*.deb

Then we need to get OpenJDK 8
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jre openjdk-8-jre-headless

Then we need to edit Scilab desktop file to use OpenJDK 8:
sudo sed -i "s/^Exec=scilab -f$/Exec=env JAVA_HOME=\/usr\/lib\/jvm\/java-8-openjdk-$(dpkg --print-architecture)\/jre scilab -f/" /usr/share/applications/scilab.desktop
sudo sed -i "s/^Exec=scilab-adv-cli$/Exec=env JAVA_HOME=\/usr\/lib\/jvm\/java-8-openjdk-$(dpkg --print-architecture)\/jre scilab-adv-cli/" /usr/share/applications/scilab-adv-cli.desktop

Optionally we can create an alias for scilab to use OpenJDK 8:
echo "alias scilab='env JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-$(dpkg --print-architecture) scilab'" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "alias scilab-adv-cli='env JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-$(dpkg --print-architecture) scilab-adv-cli'" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "alias xcos='env JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-$(dpkg --print-architecture) xcos'" >> ~/.bashrc

And finally we need to pin/hold all manually installed packages to prevent their upgrades:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/pin-scilab
Package: libamd2.4.1
Pin: version 4.4.6-1
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: libcamd2.4.1
Pin: version 4.4.6-1
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: libccolamd2.9.1
Pin: version 4.4.6-1
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: libcholmod3.0.6
Pin: version 4.4.6-1
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: libcolamd2.9.1
Pin: version 4.4.6-1
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: libhdf5-10
Pin: version 1.8.16+docs-4ubuntu1.1
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: libmatio2
Pin: version 1.5.3-1
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: libsuitesparseconfig4.4.6
Pin: version 4.4.6-1
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: libumfpack5.7.1
Pin: version 4.4.6-1
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: scilab
Pin: version 5.5.2-2ubuntu3
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: scilab-cli
Pin: version 5.5.2-2ubuntu3
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: scilab-data
Pin: version 5.5.2-2ubuntu3
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: scilab-doc
Pin: version 5.5.2-2ubuntu3
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: scilab-full-bin
Pin: version 5.5.2-2ubuntu3
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: scilab-include
Pin: version 5.5.2-2ubuntu3
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: scilab-minimal-bin
Pin: version 5.5.2-2ubuntu3
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: scilab-test
Pin: version 5.5.2-2ubuntu3
Pin-Priority: 1337
EOF

The resulting version is fully-functional - you can use ATOMS, Xcos and so on.

But we still need official reaction from Scilab Ubuntu (or Debian) maintainers.
Scilab is very feature rich application and it is very pity that it is non-well-maintained...


18.04 LTS: How to take disk space from Windows 10 and use it to install Ubuntu

First, while still in Windows, right click on the [START] button of Windows (the Windows icon at far bottom left) and choose Disk Management. Find your H: drive; you will need to know which physical drive it is on and which partition it is.

Also, confirm by looking in the columns Layout and Type that it is a Basic Disk Type with Simple Layout and not a Dynamic Disk, because Linux can't use a Dynamic Disk.

Once you've done that, while you are still in Disk Management, delete the H: drive partition, and make note of the physical drive it was on from the Volume column.

Download the ISO file for the version of your choice from https://ubuntu.com/download or for a 'flavour' with a different Desktop Environment, download from https://ubuntu.com/download/flavours .

The ISO file you use to create a LiveUSB should be checked for download errors.

Creating the LiveUSB, as per Ubuntu's publishers, is typically done following these instructions on either another Linux PC  or on a Windows PC .

Once you make a LiveUSB, boot with it, after shutting Windows down completely (no Sleep, no Hibernate) by clicking on the Windows START icon at bottom far left, hold down the Shift key, and while holding it down, choose Shutdown. Power up after Shutdown and, using the Boot Order key of your computer (which varies according to make and model), boot from that LiveUSB.

Follow these steps, but when you get to 6. Allocate Drive Space, find the space on your drive(s) previously used for H:, and then choose to install Ubuntu in there.


Is there an efficient way to set all lines with amixer?

Use alsactl --file /some/file store to save the current value of all mixer controls into a file.

Edit the values as desired, remove all entries you don't want to change, and call alsactl --file /some/file --no-init-fallback restore to load the values from the file.

Mixer controls are hardware specific.


What is the best way to clone HDD partitions of differences sizes?

Since you're doing partition cloning then the option to use would be:

dd if=/dev/sdc1 of=/dev/sdd1
cat /dev/sdc1 >/dev/sdd1

Now the command to use will depend on what you want to achieve:

cat advantages:

fast
excellent at handling text files
copying the content of a partition to a new unformatted partition

dd advantages:

has more options
handles binary files well
can be used to copy n bytes or skip/seek
lets you specify block size

Things to consider:

Make sure both source and destination partitions are the same size.
Generally if you just want to copy over then cat is ok, but for more options dd will suffice.
Data will be overwritten with cat, but dd can avoid this (man dd for more info)

Additional information:

http://www.tecmint.com/backup-or-clone-linux-partitions-using-cat-command/
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/12532/dd-vs-cat-is-dd-still-relevant-these-days/12538#12538
How would I speed up a full disk dd?
https://superuser.com/questions/692588/can-cat-be-used-to-clone-a-partition

Important:

It's not possible to clone a 150GB partition to a smaller 100GB destination drive*. You either want to copy smaller data (say 30GB) to new partition or you have to shrink the larger (150GB) partition first and then clone. Otherwise, you will truncate everything that lies beyond the capacity of destination drive during the cloning attempt.

*In some corner cases it might work, but not worth consideration.


Just following @Jos suggestion, I fixed this annoying issue with:

echo 'application/pdf; evince %s; test=test -n "$DISPLAY"' | sudo tee /usr/lib/mime/packages/evince
echo 'evince:application/pdf'| sudo tee -a /etc/mailcap.order
sudo update-mime


Error when installing Ubuntu 20.04 in Oracle VirtualBox

Uninstall VirtualBox's Extension Pack, then uninstall VirtualBox. Restart your computer. Right-click the VirtualBox installer and choose Run as Administrator. Do not install the VirtualBox Extension Pack for now. Reboot Windows again.


Why can't I run a program I manually installed in /opt/?

Yes, /opt is owned by root. You need to make the file executable by you. It's not exactly much trouble. It's one command:

sudo chmod +x filename.

However, teeworlds is in the repositories. Is there a very good reason why you want to install it manually? You should always install software from the repositories whenever possible. It's much easier, faster, more reliable and secure.

sudo apt-get install teeworlds

Or click here: teeworlds .


Windows 7 Can't Access Ubuntu Computer on Network

I fixed this with a two step solution.

I went to my public folder "Properties" tab in Ubuntu and clicked "Sharing Options." I then clicked "Share this folder" and "Guest access."
I then went to the "Ubuntu Software Center" and installed "Samba" (I like GUI better than terminal.) Then I ran Samba to setup the same Samba user name and password that I have on the Windows computer.  Finally, I set up the guest account the same as the windows username.


Ubuntu 13.10 change first weekday to Monday in calendar applet

If LC_TIME is en_GB.UTF-8 in /etc/default/locale, and the locale command still states en_AU.UTF-8, you have user specific settings that override the system wide settings in /etc/default/locale.

Assuming that you live in Australia, and want regional format settings in general reflect what's typical in Australia, you can try to edit your ~/.profile file and add this line:

export LC_TIME=en_GB.UTF-8


Install GNOME Tweak Tool: graphically or use the command line:

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

Once installed, open GNOME Tweak Tool (should show up as "Advanced Settings" in the menu) and activate User Theme extension.

Please note that to be able to install or change GNOME Shell themes using GNOME Tweak Tool, after enabling the User Theme extension you may need to restart Tweak Tool or the whole GNOME Shell (press ALT + F2 and enter "r" or log out and log back in). This is not required for other extensions.


How can I change the Kubuntu 12.04 default arguments for package unclutter?

Kubuntu

The package unclutter : http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/unclutter is not part of the kubuntu-desktop : http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/kubuntu-desktop.

That is, at here, with the new Kubuntu 12.04 beta installation:

  :~$ unclutter

  The program 'unclutter' is currently not installed.  You
  can install it by typing: sudo apt-get install unclutter

Unclutter

You could uninstall the package unclutter
If you don't want to remove the package - the man pages are telling: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man1/unclutter.1.html

Q:

  I have seen gives me any clue as to where unclutter puts the config
  file. That's my question, basically. Where is the config file?

A:
Installing the unclutter and looking what the package is installing:

dpkg -L unclutter

The output - you could use the Muon or the Synaptic to show this :

/etc/X11/Xsession.d/90unclutter
/usr/share/doc/unclutter/copyright
/usr/share/doc/unclutter/README
/usr/share/doc/unclutter/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/unclutter.1.gz
/usr/bin/unclutter

-> The /etc/X11/Xsession.d/90unclutter :

# /etc/X11/Xsession.d/90unclutter
# This file is sourced by Xsession(5), not executed.

if [ -e /etc/default/unclutter ]
then
        . /etc/default/unclutter
fi

if [ -x /usr/bin/unclutter ] && [ "${START_UNCLUTTER}" = "true" ]
then
        /usr/bin/unclutter ${EXTRA_OPTS} &
fi

--> The /etc/default/unclutter :

# /etc/default/unclutter - configuration file for unclutter

# Set this option to 'true' if you want to start unclutter
# automagically after X has been started for a user.
# Otherwise, set it to 'false'.
START_UNCLUTTER="true"

# Options passed to unclutter, see 'man unclutter' for details.
EXTRA_OPTS="-idle 1 -root"

---> The configuration file is the /etc/default/unclutter.

Purging the unclutter...


The import operating is dependent on the version of MAAS that you are using. I would recommend using version 1.7 or higher. In version 1.7 starting the images import can be done on the images page or using the API.

maas root boot-resources import

The error you are seeing is because MAAS is unable to reach maas.ubuntu.com to download the images. Check your upstream network connectivity on the MAAS server to make sure it can access that location. The /var/log/maas/regiond.log will also contain more information on this error and could be helpful in diagnosing the issue you are experiencing.


Start computer, no launcher, no side panel and hot keys don't work.

Not sure, but you can try:

When bootig up your PC press Shift to force show the Grub. Then start to command line and login to your user. Then type:

dconf reset -f /org/compiz

That should reset Compiz to defaults.


Redirect python print output to graylog2

So I managed to make it work finally. My problem was that I didn't specify which port udp protocol will use - in this case 12201. To fix this, you need to start it like this:

docker run -t -p 9000:9000 -p 12201:12201/udp graylog2/allinone


dpkg error while running apt-get autoclean

Try uninstalling it with Synaptic Package Manager.

Go to the synaptic. Type in the search bar : 'android'.

Mark it for complete removal and apply.


Change the boot order in you BIOS settings.
Make sure that the drive you installed Ubuntu on is on top of the list. If it works, you can move the drive further down until it's not working anymore. That way you can see what's causing the problem.


This application has been unmaintained for a long time. Either look for another application or take over maintenance yourself.
This is probably just a dependency issue, I tried installing the package in a 15.04 VM with:

wget https://launchpad.net/~realender/+archive/ubuntu/winconn/+files/winconn_0.2.14-1_all.deb
sudo dpkg winconn_0.2.14-1_all.deb

That resulted in the message that dependencies to python-apport, libfreerdp1 and freerdp-x11 couldn't be resolved. libfreerdp1 isn't an installable package it's contents seem to have been split up into individual packages some of them are: libfreerdp-cache1.1 libfreerdp-codec1.1 libfreerdp-gdi1.1 libfreerdp-rail1.1 libfreerdp-utils1.1. So install these with apt-get and find the missing ones through file listing of packages among these or install them all. Then run sudo dpkg --force-all -i winconn_0.2.14-1_all.deb and check if the application is running as it should.
Take over maintenance, build new packages from source for the release you want to use with updated dependencies.

  I followed the steps found Here, and hit a stonewall. Apparently, Winconn is incompatible with 15.04

Such statements are useless when you ask for help. They are rather counterproductive, other users feel tempted to answer with "yep, it obviously is incompatible" without looking further. Always provide detailed descriptions and error messages.


Apache2: Exclude all the rest api Request_URIs from Basic Auth by matching with some expressions

The Solution which worked out for me because I have SEO URLs enabled in my project:

<Directory /var/www/html/projectexample>
    AllowOverride All
</Directory>

<Location "/">
    # Default to Basic Auth protection for any stie
    AuthType Basic
    AuthName "Authentication required"
    AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/.htpasswd
    Require valid-user

    # If the request goes to a rest page: bypass basic auth
    SetEnvIf Request_URI ^/api/ noauth=1

    # gets REDIRECT_ prepended if the request is a redirect
    Allow from env=REDIRECT_noauth
    Allow from env=noauth
    Order allow,deny
    Satisfy any
    Deny from env!=noauth
</Location>

Allow from env=REDIRECT_noauth is doing the trick here for SEO URLs.


Recovering corrupted superblocks in live USB

It is often easier and faster to re-install the system than to try to repair the system, but if there are important data without backup you have no choice.

Can you read your personal files, when the computer is booted from another drive? In that case I suggest that you save all those files to another drive. You might try to backup the whole home directory (from the system in the drive with corrupted superblocks).

If you cannot read your personal files, and the data are very valuable, I suggest that you clone the drive with ddrescue and do the repair/recovery work on the cloned copy to avoid causing more damage to the file system. Otherwise you can work directly on the drive itself.

I would start with e2fsck and try to repair the file system, and I noticed that you tried it already. Which options did you use?

Testdisk and PhotoRec are two tools that you can try if e2fsck could not fix it. Testdisk can repair file systems, that are 'not too damaged'. PhotoRec can recover files even when the file system is damaged beyond repair, as long as the data cells on the disk are not overwritten.

You find details at the following link and links from it.

Repair the partition table and file system of a pendrive

And you are welcome to ask, if you need more help :-)


Unable to access the HardDisk drive in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Simply open terminal and type this command

sudo ntfsfix /dev/sda2

you can replace /dev/sda2 by your appropriate drive in which you are facing problem, like in my case there was a same problem with my drive /dev/ada4


Optimising MySQL settings - mysqld running out of memory

General answer from the serverguide wiki:

MySQL Tuner
MySQL Tuner is a useful tool that will connect to a running MySQL instance and offer suggestions for how it can be best configured for your workload. The longer the server has been running for, the better the advice mysqltuner can provide. In a production environment, consider waiting for at least 24 hours before running the tool. You can get install mysqltuner from the Ubuntu repositories:
sudo apt-get install mysqltuner

Then once its been installed, run it:
 mysqltuner

and wait for its final report. The top section provides general information about the database server, and the bottom section provides tuning suggestions to alter in your my.cnf. Most of these can be altered live on the server without restarting, look through the official MySQL documentation (link in Resources section) for the relevant variables to change in production. The following is part of an example report from a production database which shows there may be some benefit from increasing the amount of query cache:

-------- Recommendations -----------------------------------------------------
General recommendations:
    Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance
    Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits
Variables to adjust:
    key_buffer_size (> 1.4G)
    query_cache_size (> 32M)
    table_cache (> 64)
    innodb_buffer_pool_size (>= 22G)

One final comment on tuning databases: Whilst we can broadly say that certain settings are the best, performance can vary from application to application. For example, what works best for Wordpress might not be the best for Drupal, Joomla or proprietary applications. Performance is dependent on the types of queries, use of indexes, how efficient the database design is and so on. You may find it useful to spend some time searching for database tuning tips based on what applications you're using it for. Once you get past a certain point any adjustments you make will only result in minor improvements, and you'll be better off either improving the application, or looking at scaling up your database environment through either using more powerful hardware or by adding slave servers.

Watch the performance metrics section of the mysqltuner report. Keep maximum possible memory under 50%.
tmp_table_size, max_heap_table_size variable: keep these equal and high.
join_buffer_size, increase in small amounts; it will be multiplied by max_connections.
innodb_buffer_pool_size. Make it high.


How to properly package an Ubuntu Touch application with Qt Creator (Ubuntu SDK)

The packaging of Ubuntu Touch application is in a transitional period right now. The emphasis is more on the new Click packaging format and less on the good old .deb format. In the present Ubuntu SDK relase both are supported.

For the .deb packaging the QtCreator relies on two environment vairables, the DEBEMAIL and the DEBFULLNAME. You can set those variables in the .bashrc file in the home folder. The .deb packaging feature in the QTCreator works fine and it is good for playing around, but the development effort is going on the new Click packaging.


How to move spam to user's spam folder with sa-exim and exim4?

I don't know if exim4 and sa-exim can automagically do that for you. Someone else may chime in on that.

However, at the user's computer, in Thunderbird, you can use Message Filters, to move spam email to a spam folder. Create a new message filter like so... (if you don't wish to match on X-Spam-Status, you can create a special flag, called for example, X-Spam-Flag)...


Need help desperately to decrypt home folder

See this for recovering encrypted directories. Boot from your Ubuntu Install CD, click "Try Ubuntu", and good luck!

Before you chroot, do a file /path/to/chroot/bin/bash and ldd /path/to/chroot/bin/bash. It should say (it says on my working system):

$ file /bin/bash
/bin/bash: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.15, stripped
$ ldd /bin/bash
        linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007fff689ff000)
        libncurses.so.5 => /lib/libncurses.so.5 (0x00007f0670ea4000)
        libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f0670ca0000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f0670900000)
        libtinfo.so.5 => /lib/libtinfo.so.5 (0x00007f06706d9000)
        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f06710f3000)

or, you could replace (in your chroot command) /bin/bash with /bin/static-sh (if you have the busybox-static package installed.


bootrec.exe /FixMbr
bootrec.exe /FixBoot
bootrec.exe /RebuildBcd

These three commands repair only your Windows boot files.It won't do anything with the grub. After running the above commands, the grub was overwritten by Windows MBR, so you can't able to view grub on startup.

To view grub (with both Windows and Ubuntu option) on startup, you have to run boot-repair.


Trusty 14.04.2 samba 4 windows xp join error

Some of the last samba problems when it acts as DC or a member server are related with the kernel you're running.

For samba 4.0 the kernel 3.2.xxxx was good. For 4.1 you need to use kernel 3.13.xxx.

Try to downgrade the kernel two releases down within the same branch you're running now.


Try the wrestool utility in the icoutils package - I believe it can extract icon resources from Mono executables.


How will people upgrade from 12.10 to later releases after 13.04 is EOL?

Yes, just as upgrades from LTS to LTS are supported, upgrades from an intermediate release to the next LTS are supported.

Historically this is only supported by manually changing your apt sources, since update-manager / do-release-upgrade require you to go step by step.

But since 13.04 will go end of life before 12.10, we will need to skip over 13.04 in the upgrade path.  This will be implemented on the server (and with an SRU of the update-manager package to 12.10) to show the direct upgrade as an available option.


How to close one of two minimised ovelapping laucher icons?

If you want to close minimized window without maximizing, right click on the icon of the app and select Quit button.

If you have a lot apps you can press Ctrl+Super+D to minimize them all.


Is it possible to VNC into a separate desktop?

I think we were working too hard.

When I ssh into a machine I enable X forwarding with the -X flag.

ssh -X nodak@192.168.0.3

Then from the terminal I call the application, thunar (or nautilus), sudo thunar, sudo gdebi-gtk, etc.

This only renders the application interface on your machine, and you will not see a full 'desktop' of another instance, but the host computer will continue to function without interrupting the video to your TV.

See if that will be suitable for you.


Where are .jigdo files for Ubuntu amd64?

It's http://releases.ubuntu.com/17.10/ for amd64 and i386 instead of http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/.


how to umount /dev/sda1 or to change for another partition?

You can't if you want to continue using ubuntu. /dev/sda1 is your main partition and it cannot be changed to another file system without reformatting.

You need to use a live cd or another OS you have installed on your hard drive you reformat it, but you can't do it from inside ubuntu.


Error while installing Franz on Ubuntu 18.04.1

You need to install missing library to open Franz.

sudo apt install libgconf-2-4


Where to find/install libpulsecore-1.0.so? Pulse audio problem

"looked in /usr/lib/ and it wasn't there."
okay...

"I tried sudo apt-cache search libpulsecore-1.0.so and found nothing."

apt-cache search runs as non-root just fine.
It flags mostly on words in the description and words in the package name

"which libpulsecore-1.0.so"

which is for binaries you run from the CLI
to show 'which' will be executed first with your path settings

to find out if you have it:

sudo updatedb && locate libpulsecore | grep '.so'

to find out what provides it:

dpkg -S libpulsecore

Looks like the base pulseaudio package on 11.10 which is what I'm running for production until 12.04 goes stable in about a month.

sudo apt-get install pulseaudio

Done.
EDIT:
if it says you have pulseaudio but you don't have the .so you need a --reinstall switch on the apt-get line


trying to get wifi on dell inspiron-1764

I also had this problem, try with this

rfkill unblock all

Source:How do I fix a "Wireless is disabled by hardware switch" error?


Why doesn't this wildcard work the way I expect?

According to bash man page:

  bash scans each word for the
  characters *, ?, and [. If one of
  these characters appears, then the
  word is regarded as a pattern, and
  replaced with an alphabetically sorted
  list of file names matching the
  pattern

and from info node for ls

  The `ls' program lists information
  about files (of any type, including
  directories).  Options and file
  arguments can be intermixed
  arbitrarily, as usual.

  For non-option command-line
  arguments that are directories, by
  default 'ls' lists the contents of
  directories, not recursively, and
  omitting files with names beginning
  with '.'.  For other non-option
  arguments, by default `ls' lists just
  the file name.  If no non-option
  arguments are specified, 'ls' lists
  the contents of the current directory.

so when yo give ls d*, d* is expanded to sorted list of all file/directory names starting with d. So you command becomes

ls dump

and as dump is a directory name so you get the listing of all files in the directory "dump'
but when you give ls D*, D* is expanded to "Desktop Documents Downloads Dropbox", so the command becomes

ls Desktop Documents Downloads Dropbox

and as all of these are directories, you get the listing of files in individual directory. If there was a file starting with D in current directory it would have been listed seperately.


Authenticate user using folder name (domain)

You system is set it with active domain (AD). That means you need to reset the password on a Windows NT Server.

You need the smbpassword command to change it BUT it depends on the security settings on the domain server (ie. Windows NT) if you are allowed to use this method.

smbpasswd -U {USER} -r {IP_ADDRESS_DOMAIN_SERVER}

   -r remote machine name
       This option allows a user to specify what machine they wish to
       change their password on. Without this parameter smbpasswd defaults
       to the local host. The remote machine name is the NetBIOS name of
       the SMB/CIFS server to contact to attempt the password change. This
       name is resolved into an IP address using the standard name
       resolution mechanism in all programs of the Samba suite. See the -R
       name resolve order parameter for details on changing this resolving
       mechanism.

       The username whose password is changed is that of the current UNIX
       logged on user. See the -U username parameter for details on
       changing the password for a different username.

   -U username
       This option may only be used in conjunction with the -r option.
       When changing a password on a remote machine it allows the user to
       specify the user name on that machine whose password will be
       changed. It is present to allow users who have different user names
       on different systems to change these passwords.

If you get a NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED you need to ask your Windows administrator.


Per @user535733, apparmor isn't something a layman needs to be concerned with.  That is the confirmation I was needing.


Ubuntu restricted extras after install ubuntu 12.04

ubuntu-restricted-extras is a software package for the computer operating system Ubuntu that allows the user to install essential software which is not already included due to legal or copyright reasons.

It is a meta-package that installs:

Support for MP3 and unencrypted DVD playback
Microsoft TrueType core fonts
Flash plugin
codecs for common audio and video files

The ubuntu-restricted-extras is a metapackage and has the following dependencies1:

flashplugin-installer
gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg
gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mp3
gstreamer0.10-pitfdll
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse
icedtea6-plugin
libavcodec-extra-52
libmp4v2-0
ttf-mscorefonts-installer
unrar

Source

To install ubuntu-restricted-extras from the Ubuntu Software Center, click the below icon:

Or via terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T), type:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras


Windows 8.1 is not showing up in grub2 menu

Install a package called "Boot Repair"

FYI:
Boot-Repair is a simple tool to repair frequent boot issues you may encounter in Ubuntu like when you can't boot Ubuntu after installing Windows or another Linux distribution, or when you can't boot Windows after installing Ubuntu, or when GRUB is not displayed anymore, some upgrade breaks GRUB, etc.

Kindly follow up this link!
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


Reverted BIOS to default, now don't have GRUB?

Here is a good step by step for installing/repairing GRUB: https://howtoubuntu.org/how-to-repair-restore-reinstall-grub-2-with-a-ubuntu-live-cd

Note that you'll need a live CD and you'll need to know which partition Ubuntu is installed on (you can find this out using gparted from the live CD).

Here is a brief summary of the steps that are described at length in the link above (note - replace sdXY with your Ubuntu partition):

# mount the Ubuntu partitions
sudo mount /dev/sdXY /mnt

# mount the directories that GRUB needs
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys

# make Ubuntu the root partition
sudo chroot /mnt

# now install grub (note that this time use the device name, not the partition name
grub-install /dev/sdX
grub-install --recheck /dev/sdX
update-grub

# Done! Now just the clean up and then reboot...
exit
sudo umount /mnt/sys
sudo umount /mnt/proc
sudo umount /mnt/dev/pts
sudo umount /mnt/dev
sudo umount /mnt


There is an easy explanation for this. The values retrieved from the remote server all come with a trailing carriage return (\r).

You were expecting this:

www-data101

name="index.html" path="/var/www/candy/example/" owner="www-data" group="www-data" perms=644 service=apache

But www-data and 644 are followed by a carriage return. If CR would be rendered as a newline by your terminal emulator, then the output would look like this:

www-data
101

name="index.html" path="/var/www/candy/example/" owner="www-data
" group="www-data
" perms=644
 service=apache

Without the linefeeds, lines overlap; the dots represent the characters that are overwritten.

...-data
101

................. path="/var/www/candy/example/" owner="www-data
...............ta
...........
 service=apache

As you already pointed out, on most terminals this looks like:

101-data

 service=apacheta path="/var/www/candy/example/" owner="www-data

You can verify this by piping the remote output to cat -v; the carriage return will show up as ^M.

ssh -t pi@doctor "sudo stat -c \"%U\" /var/www/candy/example/index.html" | cat -v

One possible solution is to strip off the carriage return by piping the remote output through tr -d '\r':

ssh -t pi@doctor "sudo stat -c \"%U\" /var/www/candy/example/index.html" | tr -d '\r'