Why is everybody so concerned about etc/passwd?

Key point is that Pentesters/white-hats/ethical hackers as well as black-hat target /etc/passwd  as proof of concept, as a test of possibility of gaining access to a system.

Technically /etc/passwd isn't that scary. In the past it used to store private data, passwords obviously, but as of nowadays you'd need to be more worried about /etc/shadow - most Linux systems nowadays use shadow suite of utilities to keep a hashed and salted password in /etc/shadow, which unlike /etc/passwd isn't world-readable.  (unless you use pwunconv command, which actually moves the hashed passwords back into `/etc/passwd).

The only more or less sensitive piece of info is the usernames. If you have sshd or telnet on the server and a username with weak password, there is a potential for a brute force attack.

By the way, your very same question has been asked before. Here I merely restated some of the concepts mentioned there already.

Small addition: this is a little far-fetched, but I've noticed that you have bash as root shell. Now, suppose you have a user on the system that has bash as their shell, even worse - that user is sudoer. Now, if you bash is outdated or unpatched, an attacker could try to exploit the Shellshock vulnerability to steal data or execute a fork-bomb bring your system down temporarily. So yes, technically /etc/passwd isn't a big deal, but it does give an attacker an idea of some of the information on what to attempt

Additional edit, 11/18/2016

Having used an Ubuntu server on Digital Ocean for a while, it came to my attention, that most brute force attacks against my server were carried out for root user -  99% of the entries for failed password in /var/log/auth.log were for root. /etc/password, as I mentioned before, gives attacker look at the list of users, and not just system users, but human users as well, which means more potential venues for attack. Let's remember that not all users are security conscious and don't always create strong password, so an attacker's bet on human error or overconfidence has quite a high probability of being jackpot.


What is the difference between machine, processor and hardware platform?

Not much of an answer but...

uname -mpi gives:

On my (64bit) i7 intel xenial system:
x86_64 x86_64 x86_64

On my Ubuntu BQ Aquaris m10 tablet
aarch64 aarch64 aarch64

On an qemnu-arm emulated system
armv7l armv7l armv7l

On a 32 precise system
i686 i686 i386

The man page on xenial says

       -m, --machine
              print the machine hardware name

       -p, --processor
              print the processor type (non-portable)

       -i, --hardware-platform
              print the hardware platform (non-portable)

while the precise man page says

   -m, --machine
          print the machine hardware name

   -p, --processor
          print the processor type or "unknown"

   -i, --hardware-platform
          print the hardware platform or "unknown"

this gnu manual page provides a little more info:

processor Print the processor type (sometimes called the instruction set architecture or ISA). Print ‘unknown’ if this information is not available. Note this is non-portable (even across GNU/Linux distributions).

machine Print the machine hardware name (sometimes called the hardware class or hardware type).

hardware-platform Print the hardware platform name (sometimes called the hardware implementation). Print ‘unknown’ if this information is not available. Note this is non-portable (even across GNU/Linux distributions).

It kind of makes sense that hardware-platform says i386 as that was (I believe) the first 32bit x86 processor. (and all subsequent 32bit x86 processors were compatible with it)

I guess (non-portable) means that it might not give a sensible answer on some platforms - so for my usage I think I'm sticking with uname -m


What is the main differences between Ubuntu and Redhat?

There are a few different ways to interpret "Redhat" here:

Red-hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) - A specific, commercial distribution by Red Hat.

By far the biggest difference between Ubuntu and RHEL is the license terms - Red Hat Enterprise Linux is commercial.

You can, however, get basically the same distribution, but without the commercial contract, for free in the form of the CentOS distribution.
Distributions which are based on or inherit from Red Hat, which would also include CentOS and Fedora, and their derivatives.

It's actually very hard to compare Ubuntu against all those (RHEL, CentOS and Fedora) as if they are one thing, because they are all very different in themselves.  They do all share the same package manager as I talk about below, but the differences between them are greater than the difference between their package manager and Ubuntu's.
RPM-based distributions in general - that is, distributions that use the Redhat Package Management system.  This would expand your scope to include distributions like SUSE, Mandriva, PCLinuxOS, and their derivatives.

Ubuntu is based on Debian's package manager APT and DPKG.  Red Hat, CentOS and Fedora are based on the Red Hat Linux package management system, RPM.  Both package managers are now quite mature and have roughly equivalent features.  You could debate individual design decisions though but it's hard to say that one overall is better than the other.


AMD Radeon HD 6850M driver compatability

open system setting - software & update - additional drivers

then choose- fglx (property)
not slove choose another option and try again
need internet connection to do this operation


unable to intall r-base on ubuntu 14.04 LTS

As you have trusty (14.04), and not precise (12.04), the line

deb http://cran.rstudio.com/bin/linux/ubuntu precise/ needs to be
deb http://cran.rstudio.com/bin/linux/ubuntu trusty/.

Change that line, then run
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install r-base.


Create Ubuntu Live on external HDD in Ext4 Partition

Persistent install to USB HD Partition

I have not encountered a tool for installing Live Ubuntu to an external data HDD/SSD without overwriting the data on it.

UNetbootin will do a frugal install to a HDD partition but only to C drive. The install is meant to be temporary and is used for installing Ubuntu.

It is possible to make a Full install of Ubuntu to Partitions on a data SSD or HDD using 'Something else" however most data disks have a  msdos partition table which makes it necessary to create a new EFI partition table to boot in UEFI mode. this destroys the data on the drive.

It is easy to make a Live Ubuntu Install to a partition on a USB HDD/SSD as long as Non-Persistent BIOS mode boot is acceptable.

Boot a Live USB with target USB drive plugged in.
Start GParted and Resize/Move existing partition to create 20GB unallocated space.
Apply all operations.
Create a New ext4 partition in this space.
Apply all operations and exit GParted.
Open Terminal and type sudo -H nautilus.
Open the Ubuntu ISO file using Archive Manager.
Extract the ISO to the new ext4 partition.
In Terminal run:

sudo mount /dev/sdx2 /mnt

sudo grub-install --boot-directory=/mnt/boot /dev/sdx

Where sdx2 is the New ext4 partition and sdx is the target USB drive.

Edit Boot/grub/grub.cfg adding:

set root=(hd0,2)

after the "Try Ubuntu ..." line.

If you want persistence or to multiboot ISO files or ability to boot in either BIOS or UEFI, or do a Full install, etc. let me know and I will edit this answer


How to get image support in xterm-terminal?

Use the command feh.

feh {/path/to/image.png}

  feh is a mode-based image viewer.  It is especially aimed at command line users who need a fast image viewer without huge GUI dependencies, though it can also be started by
  (graphical) file managers to view an image.  By default (unless arguments or a filelist are specified), feh displays all files in the current directory.

  feh can open any format supported by Imlib2, most notably jpeg, png, pnm, tiff, and bmp. The gif format is also supported, but only for static images. In case of animations, only the first frame will be shown.


Putting Ubuntu on an SSD and Files on an HDD

You will need to manually put the files on the HDD, but it is doable.

Remove the HDD from the computer.
Install Ubuntu and your media server.
Put the HDD back in, and format it with the ext4 filesystem format.
Just store all of your files on the HDD as if it were any other hard drive.

That's the simplest way, in which you don't have to create any specialized partitions.  More complex ways are available if you want them.


Sync local web server with remote web server

I would suggest rsync, if you want a graphical interface grsync

I would advise using rsync/grsync over ssh

See:

http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/grsync.html

http://ayozone.org/2009/12/21/how-to-use-grsync-with-ssh/


Found the problem and a long solution, surely there is a quicker one.

Because I installed Ubuntu with UEFI boot enabled, it matched the grub - meaning it used grub EFI.

I disabled it (UEFI boot), and reinstalled and it used grub-pc and it worked fine afterwards!


As suspected, I found other programs that didn't display. I had reinstalled xscreensaver plus data. Mostly a reboot was the therapeutic step (the update did not specify that a reboot was needed.)
All's well that ends well.


ldlinux.sys is a component of sysliunx, a boot loader for linux. If you are not intending on booting from the usb stick, you can delete it.


How can I download file from magnet link on Ubuntu server?

You just need a P2P (peer-to-peer) software for Ubuntu, for instance BitTorrent, Amule, or gtk-gnutella. It'll open magnet links.

Here's a page with instructions for using P2P software on Ubuntu.


To stop it

 sudo /etc/init.d/ntp stop

To prevent it from starting at boot

sudo update-rc.d -f ntp remove

or try

/sbin/chkconfig ntpd off


There're two things to consider:

If the server hosts (the Institute) now say you should use a VPN to access the system, then it's quite likely that they are disallowing access from the rest of the same shared network and requiring you to use the VPN to pass traffic to the server first.  In this case, you have no choice but to use the VPN.

However, given that you couldn't resolve the host name, the second part to consider is...
There is no DNS server on the VPN connection that can handle resolving the hostname that you're entering.

This means the people running the VPN need to set up a DNS server on the VPN and specify it in the VPN connection to resolve the hostname to an IP address.

In the interim you can use the direct IP address for the server for your connections, and if you're over the VPN that should give you access to the server.


How to access Media Files across Android and Ubuntu while using dual-boot

On android you can access files of ubuntu foler in /data/user-data/phablet
No way to access android folders from ubuntu yet.


Help installing 0bda:0811 Realtek Semiconductor Corp.

Resolved.

I wiped the SSD and put the image on again.

Then straight away did

sudo apt purge rtl8812au-dkms
sudo apt install git
git clone https://github.com/gnab/rtl8812au.git
sudo cp -r rtl8812au  /usr/src/rtl8812au-4.2.2
sudo dkms add -m rtl8812au -v 4.2.2
sudo dkms build -m rtl8812au -v 4.2.2
sudo dkms install -m rtl8812au -v 4.2.2

Rebooted and its working.


Any good application for data usage monitor?

I was in a similar situation, but with slow speeds after a certain amount of data usage is reached (now I have a 16 GB 12 Mbit plan ☺) and I used vnstat (package vnstat). It's a command-line app that displays the bandwidth usage for today and previous days. as soon as it is installed, it will start monitoring the usage.

Usage: run vnstat to view the statistics, vnstat -d for viewing daily usage. Add -i wlan0 to the previous command if you are using a wireless network. See the manual page for it by running man vnstat for more information.


Try restart Unity panel service:

killall unity-panel-service


When reading a text file, how to get rid of "\n" when extracted in python

Removing \n from a string:

newString = oldString.replace("\n", "");


Change home folders after changing language in Gnome 3 Ubuntu 18.04

You can remove the file ~/.config/user-dirs.locale.

rm ~/.config/user-dirs.locale

(That's what happens if you check the "Don't ask this again" option.)


How can i open my front camera in 12.10?

Just install cheese. Or any other webcam program.

As for "opening" the front camera, i suggest a screwdriver would work just fine, preferrably with a cross point. You don't need any packages for that.


Error: You are missing the following 32-bit libraries, and Steam may not run: libXtst.so.6 [...]

It seems like it can't find a couple static object files, and looking into it, it seems like a couple packages might be missing. Below are the packages and where I found the answer.

libXtst.so.6 - libxtst6

libXrandr.so.2 - libxrandr2

libgobject-2.0.so.0 - libglib2.0-0

libglib-2.0.so.0 - libglib2.0-0

libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 - libgtk2.0-0

libpulse.so.0 - libpulse0

libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0 - libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0

As a one-liner:

 sudo apt update && sudo apt install libxtst6 libxrandr2 libglib2.0-0 libgtk2.0-0 libpulse0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0

If it still throws that error, then it's not an easy fix and it's probably a problem with Steam. I don't use Steam so I could be wrong on this.


Search External Drive with Gnome Documents

I think Gnome Documents is actually just a simple search UI targeted at showing you the list of documents in various sources. Looking at the source code for gnome-documents it seems you probably need to have tracker installed, and have it index the contents of removable media, as well as your home directory.


Symfony2 cache permissions issue ubuntu 12.10

See "Setting up Permissions" in http://symfony.com/doc/current/book/installation.html#configuration-and-setup.
My preferred way in Ubuntu is setfacl, it works (just need to install a package first time):

sudo setfacl -R -m u:www-data:rwX -m u:`whoami`:rwX app/cache app/logs
sudo setfacl -dR -m u:www-data:rwx -m u:`whoami`:rwx app/cache app/logs


Using Gtk.Widgets in App Indicators with Python

This problem exists because while AppIndicators make it easy to create an indicator menu, they do get in the way of making one. Let's look at the differences between example python code using AppIndicator and one using GLib Menus the way the Bluetooth code does.

Firstly you're instructed to make a gtk.Menu, these are old style Gtk menu objects that use Gtk.Action that are now deprecated. AppIndicator takes the gtk.Menu object from you during the set_menu(...) process and parses it, pushing each of the menus it finds onto the indicator service created using libdbusmenu. This process of parsing means that anything not supported by AppIndicator is filtered out, no matter what you do.

Next let's look at the Bluetooth menu. That's created using Gio.Menu objects, these are new style Gnome menus using the GAction system. It then registered it's own service without using AppIndicator or libdbusmenu and set's it's up using a custom x-canonical-type property to create the switch widget which is passed to libido for parsing.

This whole exercise is pretty bad, since it's all Canonical's own Unity customisations. So as soon as unity goes, there's no appindicators anyway.


14.04 - ModemManager configure serial modem

according to:

ModemManager[3170]: <debug> [1473157929.569356] [mm-port-probe-at.c:43] mm_port_probe_response_processor_is_at(): Parsing AT got: 'Serial command timed out'
ModemManager[3170]: <debug> [1473157929.569369] [mm-port-probe.c:161] mm_port_probe_set_result_at(): (tty/ttyS0) port is not AT-capable

your serial connection runs into a timeout.
 Check which AT-commands are sent.

Further, Cinterion modules usually run on 115200 baudrate by default whereas ModemManager uses 57600 (at least when I have used it).

Try changing the modules baudrate to 57600 by executing:

AT+IPR=57600

& Reboot. If you have further problems, you need to trace on your serial connection and check what is being sent on the interface.


When setting up VLC streaming server over SSL, I get an empty response after the handshake is done

After some additional search, I found out that this is actually a bug in the tls server code of VLC.
https://trac.videolan.org/vlc/ticket/7528
This is fixed in current newest version 3.0.11
At the current time, you will need to add the unofficial vlc ppa's to your system to apply the fix.
https://tipsonubuntu.com/2020/06/23/install-latest-vlc-3-0-11-ppa-ubuntu-20-04/


Display became too big for the screen after installing an update for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

I'm newbie too..
But for me the solution was to install earlier version of nvidia.
After upgrade ubuntu from 16.04 to 18.04 I installed nvidia-352 (I used this instruction https://dev.to/bobnadler/ubuntu-1804-upgrade-problem-resolutions-1ni0).
And faced with 'too big display' problem.
So I used this command to know which versions of driver are in repository:

sudo apt-get update && clear && apt-cache search nvidia-[0-9] | grep 'binary driver'

I found nvidia-340.
So next I executed this set of command:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo apt-get install nvidia-340 nvidia-settings
sudo nvidia-xconfig

and rebooted system


How can I switch memory modules to 1600 Mhz?

Unfortunately for you, this is not a software issue, rather, it is a hardware issue. You will have to check your motherboard's BIOS settings to see if it allows you to overclock or underclock RAM modules, but still, doing either is kinda risky, and is not guaranteed to offer you better performance.

You also have to note that RAM speed has to do with what your processor supports too. So before anything else, have a look on your processor's manual.


VMware Horizon View Client - Failed to connect to the ViewConnection Server

Under VMware, I selected

File > Preferences > Do not verify server identity certificates.

I then added the server and it worked perfectly.

Hope this helps!


I solved the issue by opening Dolphin and right-clicking the file and selecting Properties.  Then on the General tab selecting File Typee Options. From that General tab, in the Application Preference Order section, I clicked on VLC media player and clicked Edit.  From there, I clicked on the Application tab and edited the Command string.  I removed

  --started-from-file

from

  /usr/bin/vlc --started-from-file %U

Leaving only

  /usr/bin/vlc %U

Launching VLC by double-clicking a video in Dolphin has worked perfectly now.  I havent compared it to another Kubuntu system, either.  I suppose I should.  I had already removed the other file manager, so I dont know if the issue would crop up there, but at least I have an idea on what to fix.

I havent looked into why this change made it work, but it does, so Im happy for now.


How can I format an encrypted hard drive in Ubuntu?

Assuming you have a computer that runs Ubuntu or an Ubuntu community flavour,

an installed system,
a live or persistent live system:

If you wipe the first mibibyte, overwrite it with zeros, the data on the [rest of] the drive does not make any difference, and you can use any tool for this purpose.

You can wipe the first mibibyte in a safe way with mkusb.
After that you can [install and] use gparted or some command line tools to create the partition table with partitions and file systems that you want. It might even work without wiping the first mibibyte (depending of on the data in that part of the drive).

Links:

mkusb
mkusb/wipe
GParted Manual


I can preview but can't save scan with Epson L220

I had the same problem using different scanner hardware (XP-960) using imagescan. What I did to solve this problem was to force the English language before running imagescan.

Go to a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and type:

LC_ALL=en_US.utf8
/usr/bin/imagescan

Source


How to add a scrollable table in LibreOffice Impress?

You could insert the table inside a floating frame:

Menu Insert -> Floating Frame;
Enter Name and description;
In contents, select the odt document containing the table.

This will result in a frame with scrollable content. I think you can't c&p the table into the frame, but you could save it to a separate odt if you don't wan't to show the complete odt that originally contains the frame.

Editing / modifying the frame is a little bit complicated - the frame may get updated (after changing its size, e.g.) only after entering the properties menu and leaving it again without doing any changes. Furthermore, selecting the frame using the mouse seems impossible. Instead, use the Tab key to navigate between the slide's content elements.


I tried installing Ubuntu 18.04 and GRUB worked without any problem. I guess there was some compatibility issues with the newest version on my laptop that gave me a lot of headaches.
So in case anyone else is having this same issue and tried all the solutions mentioned without success, try going back to 18.04 or the version you had before.
Found someone with a similar problem here
Thank you all for your help!


No audio no matter what device I connect!

I have fixed this! I forgot that the specific app I was using was muted... For some reason!


Creating an alias for apt-get update using apt-get

It's probably considered best practice to run the update before you install software. However, the repositories aren't updated all that frequently and doing so will slow you down.
When you run sudo apt update you're updating your list of software that's available. As we don't know your update schedule, we suggest you run the command to ensure you're getting the most up-to-date packages available.
If you do not run the update, you may end up with older packages. The odds of this causing a problem are pretty low - but they are not zero. In most cases, they'll just update when you next update your software.
On the other hand, it's just a few seconds and it's not like you're required to pay much attention to it. You can simply run the command and keep doing what you were doing while the command runs.
As for your snippets for alias, you're probably looking for the && function.
So, in your case, you'd want to alias this:
alias <your_word>="sudo apt update && sudo apt install"

Make sure you refresh your aliases after adding this. That may look like this:
source ~/.bash_aliases

Now, when you want to install an application, you'll just use:
<your_word> <your_application>

For example, I just tested this and here's my command:
apttest leafpad

Which updated the repo information and then installed leafpad (a text editor). In my case, just to test the alias, I used the word 'apttest', but you can pick anything you want.
That will run sudo apt update and then run sudo apt install <your application>.
Switch the obvious to the obvious and don't include the brackets. The && makes sure it finishes the previous command before running the second command. There may be more elegant ways to do this, but that's how I'd do it.


Password requested to install software but no password was placed

During the Ubuntu installation, you have to enter a password for the user. This password also works as the super user (root) password. However, you can choose to login automatically every time the computer starts, without having to enter the password.

If this is the case and if you didn’t install Ubuntu yourself, and if you can’t get the password set during the installation, you have to manually recover it.
Fortunately, this is very doable. Check this guide on how to recover the root password: https://askubuntu.com/a/24024/393489


There are two ways to accomplish the desired output.

The wrong way - the system parses the line, and feeds 'development' as an argument for 'date'. Since the 'date' application does not have such an argument, it throws a helpful error.

$ date +"%H:%M" development
date: extra operand ‘development’
Try 'date --help' for more information.

Solution #1: Use date formatting

$ date +"%H:%M development"
07:10 development

Solution #2: Use Command Substitution

$ echo $(date +"%H:%M") development
07:10 development


How to Install Handbrake and Convert recursive file tree's

Installing Just handbrake CLI, I use a headless server and windows front end!

For Newest Builds Recommended as Stables released yearly...

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stebbins/handbrake-snapshots && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install handbrake-cli

For Stable Releases

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stebbins/handbrake-releases && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install handbrake-cli

Uncomment the line you wish to use and the file type. You can add many more "presets/FLAGS", this is just an idea. The original script had issues when converting MP4 files to MP4 due to naming conflicts.

#!/bin/bash

#Uncomment a Preset FLAGS and Uncomment a file type (mkv,avi,mp4)!

# This Script Goes in Root Folder of TV show -- Example Folder Structure
# /Stargate/Season\ 1/Epiosde.avi
# /Stargate/Season\ 2/Epiosde.avi
# /Stargate/handbrake.script
# Outputs all Files back inside same dir's and does all folders inside Startgate DIR
# /Stargate/Season\ 1/Epiosde.mp4
# /Stargate/Season\ 2/Epiosde.mp4

# FLAGS = flags for CLI can be got from GUI under Activity Log (In some versions) or from https://trac.handbrake.fr/wiki/CLIGuide (Flags can not have spaces, IE: No Presets, and can't have "'s, but you can just delete them, like --decomb="bob", the CLI accepts --decomb=bob

###Encode AC3 5.1

#export FLAGS="-f mp4 -O --decomb=bob --loose-anamorphic --modulus 2 -e x264 -q 20 --vfr -E ac3 -6 5point1 -R 48 -B 448 --audio-fallback ac3 --encoder-preset=veryfast  --verbose=1"

###COPY AC3 5.1

#export FLAGS="-f mp4 -O --decomb=bob --loose-anamorphic --modulus 2 -e x264 -q 20 --vfr -E copy:ac3 --audio-fallback ac3 --encoder-preset=veryfast  --verbose=1"

###Denoise & Encode AC3 5.1

#export FLAGS="-f mp4 -O --decomb=bob --nlmeans=medium --loose-anamorphic --modulus 2 -e x264 -q 20 --vfr -E ac3 -6 5point1 -R 48 -B 448 --audio-fallback ac3 --encoder-preset=veryfast  --verbose=1"

###Denoise & COPY AC3 5.1

#export FLAGS="-f mp4 -O --decomb=bob --nlmeans=medium --loose-anamorphic --modulus 2 -e x264 -q 20 --vfr -E copy:ac3 --audio-fallback ac3 --encoder-preset=veryfast  --verbose=1"

if [ -z "$1" ] ; then
    TRANSCODEDIR="."
else
    TRANSCODEDIR="$1"
fi
    ###To use [&& find . -name '*.***' -delete] Uncomment and delete once to add to previous line of code
    ###Removes source files after completing ALL conversions. Use at your own risk!

    #AVI
    #find "$TRANSCODEDIR"/* -type f -name "*.avi" -exec bash -c 'HandBrakeCLI -i "$1" -o "${1%\.*}".mp4 $FLAGS' __ {} \;
#&& find . -name '*.avi' -delete

    #MKV
    #find "$TRANSCODEDIR"/* -type f -name "*.mkv" -exec bash -c 'HandBrakeCLI -i "$1" -o "${1%\.*}".mp4 $FLAGS' __ {} \;
#&& find . -name '*.mkv' -delete

    #MP4
    #find "$TRANSCODEDIR"/* -type f -name "*.mp4" -exec bash -c 'HandBrakeCLI -i "$1" -o "${1%\.*}"-new.mp4 $FLAGS' __ {} \;
##&&find . -type f -not -name '*-new.mp4' -name '*.mp4' -delete && rename 's/-new//' *.mp4

I Used the windows program and tested till I found my perfect settings then run it on a file and click activity window >> encode log >> (AT BEGINNING OF LOG) this is what I got.

CLI Query:  -i "C:\Users\donut\Downloads\TobeConverted\Love & Other Drugs (2010).avi" -t 1 --angle 1 -c 1 -o "C:\Users\donut\Downloads\ConvertedMedia\Love & Other Drugs (2010).mp4"  -f mp4  -w 720 --crop 68:70:0:0 --loose-anamorphic  --modulus 2 -e x264 -q 20 --vfr -a 1 -E ac3 -6 5point1 -R Auto -B 384 -D 0 --gain 0 --audio-fallback ac3 --markers="C:\Users\donut\AppData\Local\Temp\Love & Other Drugs (2010)-1-chapters.csv" --encoder-preset=veryfast  --encoder-level="5.2"  --encoder-profile=high  --verbose=1

The simple version is

HandBrakeCLI -i source [flags] -o destination [flags]

So I had to remove

--markers="C:\Users\donut\AppData\Local\Temp\Love & Other Drugs (2010)-1-chapters.csv"

My Alias for unattended use.

alias handfolder="sudo cp /media/handbrake.script ./ && sudo nano ./handbrake.script ; nohup ./handbrake.script > handbrake.nohup &"

where the script is named handbrake.script and placed in /media/handbrake.script. Use this alias when in the bottom of the directories you want to recursively convert!


I can understand your wireless woes!

I was experiencing issues with extremely slow wireless to no wireless.  The fix for me was to install a newer kernel.

My basic specs:

Linux Mint 17 cinnamon 64 bit

Kernel:  3.14.5-031405-lowlatency (low latency for audio mixing)

Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8188EE Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01)

Mint 17 comes stock with the same kernel as Ubuntu 14.04

I downloaded the following kernels from

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.14.5-utopic/

linux-image-3.14.5-031405-lowlatency_3.14.5-031405.201405311735_amd64.deb
linux-headers-3.14.5-031405_3.14.5-031405.201405311735_all.deb
linux-headers-3.14.5-031405-lowlatency_3.14.5-031405.201405311735_amd64.deb

That location also has generic kernels as well, which should work just fine.

You should be able to install those with gdebi without any issues.
Let me know if that works for you.


Creating a custom Ubuntu core image for Intel Joule

i'd suggest to try each snap on its own ...

i.e. build the gadget, build an image with the official pc kernel, see if that boots ...

https://docs.ubuntu.com/core/en/guides/build-device/image-building

only then start playing with your own kernel ...

also, the new location for the official amd64 gadget is at:

https://github.com/snapcore/pc-amd64-gadget


dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem.

Boot into Ubuntu , after reaching to login-screen , don't login directly.

Press CTRLALTF1 and then it will open a command line Ubuntu . There type your username and password to login.

Then type

sudo dpkg --configure -a

then restart your PC.


How do I remove the Gnome's video applications?

Open a terminal - to do that press Ctrl + Alt + T - and execute the following command :

sudo apt-get purge totem totem-plugins


Redirect output of systemd service to Ubuntu Boot Screen (20.04)

This is discussed at length in Unix & Linux site:

For a systemd service you need a TTYPath=/dev/console and a
StandardOutput=tty in the .INI file to change this,
StandardInput=tty if you want to read (but you do not) as well as
write. Witness systemd's pre-supplied debug-shell.service.

There is a lot more in the link as well as additional sources linked in.


How to recognize and delete Ubuntu partitions from Windows 8 Dual Boot Machine?

Boot Ubuntu Live from your CD/Pen Drive
Then use gParted / Disk Utility to identify the ubuntu partitions (Usually ext4 and swap space)
Then format those partitions

  You can also use the gParted live to live boot and use the gParted application


The command output of the chat messages is indicating that your External hard disk isn't erased.  The filesystem is corrupted due to not properly unmounting the drive.

This is a common problem with external drives.  This data corruption can be avoided by being sure it's unmounted before disconnecting it.

This can be done from the commandline with this command (in your case of your /dev/sdb1):

$ sudo umount /dev/sdb1

It can be done from the GUI by clicking on the unmount icon in the file browser.

You run this command to fix the errors:

$ sudo dosfsck -a /dev/sdb1

You can run Testdisk from the repository to for more extensive file and disk recovery.  Steps for doing this is provided here:
Help - Updates failed and lost all files

Note:
During the process of data recovery, be sure to minimize access to the problem drive.  The more it's used will make data recovery from it harder, as the sectors containing data could possibly be overwritten.

When recovering files from a disk or partition, be sure to have a separate disk or partition for the recovery destination.


postfix: error: unsupported dictionary type: mysql

After installing postfix-mysql try restarting postfix:

postfix reload


Any Fix for c720, Ubuntu 14.04, Internal microphone not working?

try adding this to your alsa conf file instead:

options snd-hda-intel model=,alc283-chrome

https://github.com/eyecreate/ubuntu-chromebook-installer/blob/master/profiles/devices/acer-c720/system/etc/modprobe.d/snd-hda-intel.conf


Why ubuntu 13.10 always show "access prompt" when start?

It's gone. I removed all online account, restart then re-add them... The prompt never ask again


If you are asking how to do it-

As pointed out by @Eliah kagan,my answer points to a graphical way that may not be available in Server edition.And as suggested by him,I keep the answer intact with an addition of a possible useful link.

This link may help for the server edition-
http://www.sourceguru.net/setting-up-networking-on-an-ubuntu-server/

While for a graphical way-

Click on the Network Connections indicator on the pannel and select Edit Connections-

Then select the Mobile Broadband tab and select the connection and then click on Edit.

Then again in the connection,Under the Mobile Broadband tab,enter the details-

After that,Save and exit.


Ubuntu 17.10 doesn't load captive portal

Captive portals are weird.

You may just need to visit a non-HTTPS web page to actually trigger the captive page loading, as HTTPS pages can't normally be intercepted/redirected by the gateway.

One such well-known example of a non-HTTPS site is http://captive.apple.com, and is actually what Apple products use to check for a captive portal. Another well-known page is http://www.msftncsi.com/ which does (roughly) the same thing for Windows devices. There are many others on the web as well if you'd rather use those.

Try using one of these in your browser first, and it may cause the captive page to kick in and load.


Windows 7 not booting from Ubuntu 12.10 boot menu

If Ubuntu is the second one installed, usually all help is when installing on one HDD, considering that you have installed it on separate HDD's then I don't think it matters.

Part of the problem could be that you are using a separate HDD and the OS's aren't picking it up. So my advice will be all trial and error but hopefully you will get it sorted with my help.

Now the usual way when Ubuntu is installed second over the top of the second the grub replaces the MBR record so you use grub and do the following

To enter the GRUB configuration mode, type in sudo grub (from command-line and press Enter.) Then type in the following commands in sequence:

root (hd0,0)
setup (hd0)
quit
exit

The above should work in grub boot commandline - else use live CD and just run from CD and use the terminal.

In your case, you would want to make some changes to this as this setup assumes that you are on the same HDD. Change all "hd0" to "hd1".

So it will look like this:

root (hd1,0)
setup (hd1)
quit
exit

What you are doing is getting grub to pick up the Windows 7 installation and set it up in the grub.

Alternatively you will need to do a reverse with the Windows 7 but alter the MBR information within Windows 7 by adding an additional line to the boot loader to get it to boot the Ubuntu.

Windows 7 bootloader has been made more complicated and you need to use bcdedit to modify it. Unfortunately, adding with it could prove to be a big hassle their is an alternative way which is using a program called EasyBCD which will make altering the Windows 7 boot loader easy.

In theory, it should work just remember it is on a separate HDD but from what I have read that shouldn't be a problem.

Check Boot Linux using Windows 7 boot loader for more information on Windows 7 bootloader.

If you want to do it both ways that is entirely up to you but give those 2 options a go and see what happens after that.

Hopefully this will give you some direction as to what might be going wrong with your current situation if it doesn't fix it.


gedit ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

It should look like this:

XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"

Logout and log in again. They should become visible. But make sure these folders exist in your ~/ folder. That is:

$ ls ~/

Desktop  Downloads  Documents  Music  Public  Pictures  Videos    Templates

If you do not see these folders in your user's directory, then

create them manually
edit user-dirs.dirs file
copy files cp -fr /home/tmp/Documents/* /home/youruser/Documents/
Change ownership if required: chown -R /home/youruser/Documents
logout/login and check if Documents folder appeared.
repeat for the rest folders

Reference


Firefox context menu opening delayed by about 5 seconds

The issue has appeared to have been fixed somehow, the only things that have changed is more updates have been installed and the removal and reinstall of the Nvidia drivers (got a GT-710 card).

My guess is that the Nvidia drivers were not playing nice with my old graphics card.


The picture shows exclamation marks beside the Windows NTFS partition.  You can double click on the partition to view more information about the partition and the issue.  This is commonly caused by an NTFS file system being left in an inconsistent state if it is not properly shutdown.

Try booting into Windows, and then shutdown Windows completely (not hibernate) and then try using GParted again.


First try to fix the broken installation of MATLAB:

sudo rm /var/cache/debconf/*.dat
sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh -a

Alternatively you can remove matlab-support since you now want to install qtoctave:

sudo apt-get --purge remove matlab-support

Finally re-run the qtoctave installation:

sudo apt-get install qtoctave


Currently the Ubuntu HTML5 UI toolkit (0.1.2) does not have a specific widget for date or time pickers.

So you need to create your own set of widgets, maybe using some text fields and an option selector.


May i have a list of games which can run fine with ubuntu and wine?

Try the WineHQ AppDB.  Also, the meaning of the rest of your question is unclear, would you please revise it for accuracy and grammar?


Why doesn't dist-upgrade give me kernel 4.4?

The trusty kernel series 3.13 is supported until the end of life of 14.04 LTS, so you need not upgrade it.

You can upgrade it according to the following link, but it is risky. So you had better backup your system before doing it.

wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack

The support and end of life is described at the following link (scroll down ...),

www.ubuntu.com/info/release-end-of-life


Completely Uninstall Pycharm 3.4 from Ubuntu 14.04

You are right, there are only two things to do:

Delete the pycharm-community-3.4.X folder (installation files) that you extracted from the .tar.gz
Delete the ~/.PyCharm30 folder (configuration files)

You can see here that PyCharm doesn't put any more files than that in your system.


can't get wireless up on corporate network

Please click the Network Manager icon and select 'Edit Connections.' Under Wi-Fi Security, select 'WPA & WPA2 Enterprise.' There, you may select Protected EAP (PEAP). Fill in your details and connect.


So you want to set up a LAN game server?

Server setup

Install the game as per the instruction provided by the game authors.

Be sure to adjust any config files as needed to specify the port you want to run the game on.

If using UFW on the server you need to have an allow rule. Example:

anthony@minecraft:~$ sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 25565
Rule added
anthony@minecraft:~$ sudo ufw status
Status: active

To                         Action      From
--                         ------      ----
25565                      ALLOW       192.168.1.0/24

The 192.168.1.0/24 there means that any lan ip in the 192.168.1.x range is allowed to connect.

Be sure to use the port the game server is listening on.

Router/Firewall setup

The router you use will also have to allow the traffic from the lan to go to the game server. The steps required for this vary between router makes and models. The term for this is Port Forwarding. This site has step-by-step guides for an extensive list of routers and games. Although freeciv isn't listed there, the steps to forward your port for the router you have will most likely be. Take caution to not open your server up to the whole world unless you know what you are doing.

Good luck on your journey!


My desktop has pear os. I want to install Lubuntu from USB instea

try pressing f12 (on most devices) and select USB, I've had many computers that seem to completely ignore the boot order and just boot straight from the hdd


Actually I was able to fix it myself.  It started when I added a new ppa to my software sources and overwrote the default version of cmake.  I removed the ppa and reinstalled the default version of cmake and the problem went away.  For further information, this is what I did to cause the issue, and I simply undid it to fix it:

https://github.com/Cockatrice/Cockatrice/wiki/Compiling-Cockatrice#ubuntu-14xx


How to check your USB storage device for errors
(after it was mounted automatically but you mounted it again elsewhere, causing it to be incorrectly ejected):
Insert your USB device, then wait a little. Start a terminal and type:
lsblk -f

Note the device name in the first column of the line with /media/<username>/<USBname>, for example sdd and sdd1. We'll call this /dev/sdX1. Next look for the filesystemtype: probably ntfs or vfat.
Now, unmount (not eject) the USB device:
sudo umount /dev/sdX1

(replace the X with your device letter, don't forget the 1 if lsblk had it, and do take care, please do make sure - it's easy to break the whole system being careless and using sudo).
vfat
Check the system with:
sudo fsck.vfat -a /dev/sdX1

(and repeat this until no more errors are found)
ntfs
Check the system with:
sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdX1

This command may not be able to get rid of all errors - if it doesn't, consider rescuing whatever is on the USB device and reformat it (maybe using sudo gparted?)


Slow Boot and Battery Problem in ubuntu 13.04

You have probably installed tlp and without uninstalling laptop-mode-tools which came by default. You can't use both of them at the same time. Uninstall tlp, check if laptop-mode-tools are installed using the Software Center (install if they aren't), install powertop, plug out yur laptop, run powertop and check in the "Tunables" section if the power saving features are working. You can also try to purge (sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev*), and then reinstall (sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-pxpress) the AMD drivers.


how to enable bluetooth and change brightness in sony vaio VPCEH26EN?

When you open Ubuntu 12.04 just connect your system to internet and open Additional Drivers application........And it shows graphics driver for your system......From there you can install those drivers and after that you have chance of decreasing brightness.....

I am using VAIO E-Series lapi and I am also having the problem of Bluetooth.....


Disable laptop's internal keyboard ubuntu 14.04 permaneltly

xinput set-prop #id "Device Enabled" 0

example : xinput set-prop 10 "Device Enabled" 0


You should never parse the output of ls. See some explanations here:

Why you shouldn't parse the output of ls(1)

As others recommended, use find instead. And the best way (even when you have directory names  that contain  newlines  or other  types of white space) would be:

alias countdir='find . -type d -print0 | tr -dc "\\0" | wc -c'

See man find, man tr, man wc for more info.


There is a special part of the drive called the "Master boot record".  This is where grub generally lives.  Installing a new os will automatically fix the issue.  Formatting the drive alone will not fix the issue.

As a more general answer.  The easiest way to fix Master boot record issues is to install a new os, or run the mbr.exe program on a windows recovery disk.


Kernel panic when trying to install ubuntu

Last week I installed Ubuntu on my desktop and got the same error. I thought it was my SSD but it appeared to be the USB with Ubuntu on it.

I formatted the USB drive on my other Windows PC and downloaded Ubuntu again. Then created a bootable drive with Rufus https://rufus.akeo.ie/ which also let's you check for bad blocks on the stick.

After that I tried installing again and it worked.


letting script display time in top bar ubuntu 18.04 LTS

An easy way to display your custom output on the top bar in Gnome Shell is to use the high quality and well maintained Gnome Shell extension Argos. Then you will need to remove the existing clock. The extension Clock Override allows to customize the format, so in your case you may have it display a space.

Perhaps Clock Override allows you to set a format close to what you want. That would eliminate the need for a custom script.

The final option is to go into the Gnome Shell code yourself, and create your own extension. That will require a learning curve to learn to programmatically interact with an ever changing and poorly documented interface, but that is what the many Gnome Shell extension developers do. The many existing extensions can help to study how things can be done.


Install Ubuntu desktop on Ubuntu server 16.04

It's not correct you need to use the root user.

The username is already selected, it's basically a list of usernames (actually it's the "Real Name").  Your "Real Name" just happens to be: Ubuntu.

You could check the contents of /etc/passwd to see which username has that Real Name.  And if you don't know that users password, then set it.


weird shell script error: invalid option return: usage: return [n]

You're getting this error:

line 43: return: -1: invalid option return: usage: return [n]

This is because the -1 is interpreted as an option. Use this, -- means 'end of options':

return -- -1

which returns with 255.

Working solution:

#!/bin/bash

function removebook_option()
{
    echo -n "Title : "
    read title_input2

    echo -n "Author: "
    read author_input2

    error="$(checkexist "$title_input2" "$author_input2")" # <--
    echo "$error"

    if [[ "$error" != NOT_FOUND ]]; then # <--
        #removebook
        echo "New book title $title_input removed successfully"
    else
        echo "Book does not exist"
    fi

}

function checkexist()
{
   counter=0

   for x in "${title[@]}" # <--
   do
        for y in "${author[@]}" # <--
        do
            if [[  $x == $1 ]] && [[ $y == $2 ]]; # <--
            then
                error=$counter
                echo "$error" # <--
                return
            fi
        done
        ((counter++)) # <--
   done

   error=NOT_FOUND # <--
   echo "$error"
   return
}

title=(foo1 foo2)
author=(bar1 bar2)
removebook_option

Edits marked with  # <--

This works by instead of returning an integer value, it echoes it (writes to screen). Usually, this would print to the terminal however the $( ... ) syntax captures the printed output, and assigns it to error in removebook_option(). This allows 'returning' any string, I've made it return a sentinel value of NOT_FOUND if not found.

Notes:

Array expansion should be wrapped with double quotes: "${author[@]}" and "${title[@]}"
Use [[ ... ]] instead of [ ... ].


When I used:  gksudo -- tshark -i 1 -l -a duration:30, it worked without errors. What seemed to help was the -- between gksudo and tshark.
Because I am the only user of the PC hosting Ubuntu, I am not concerned about computer safety of this approach.


Display problems after upgrading to 16.04LTS

You have to "Force" GPU acceleration at you Chrome, for the flickering issue. Plus a fresh install will resolve several issues. However, battery indicator or a few more issues might also continue. However, the WiFi issues is resolved while in 14.04 you should force the WiFi card in powersaver-mode Off mode.


Can I have multiple User Accounts in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS?

Go to User Accounts under System Settings and click the + button placed in the left down corner.

To do that, you may need to unlock first. See right top corner.

You can also create in terminal. (Ctrl + Alt + T)

sudo useradd UserNameHere
sudo passwd UserNameHere <<enter>>


How do I reorder scopes on Ubuntu Touch?

You can pull from the bottom of the screen to get the screen to manage those. Hold your finger on an item to enter the mode where you can re-order, then drag&drop from the icons on the right


UT2003 Installation Problems (The setup program seems to have failed on x86/unknown)

I found a way to install ut2003 on an ubuntu 14.10, I described the steps here.

I can't run the linux_installer due to the same error (it seems that we should use an old version of glibc (2.1) which is not available maybe by trying to compile it from sources). The linux_installer.sh is a self-extracting archive containing the ut2003-bin launcher and the ucc.

The workaround I found was to use the ut2003_2225beta3-multilanguage.update.run patch that you can find here and which contains those files. (The link also provides bonus pack, community pack, etc...)

By following the steps described in the link above the installation works fine.

The following is just for information

Note 1: The following command will extract the content of the archive (works for other patch and bonus pack as well).

linux32 sh ut2003_2225beta3-multilanguage.update.run --target ut2003_2225beta3

This will create a directory named ut2003_2225beta3 containing a data directory which as the same structure as the ut2003 installation directory, you can then just copy all the files to your installation.

The others packs or bonus work the same, sometimes the update is compressed, you have to decompress it, but in fine you will find a standard ut2003 folder structure that you just have to copy to your install.

Unfortunately this does not work for the linux_installer.sh, by the way the command must be modified as follow

_POSIX2_VERSION=199209 linux32 sh linux_installer.sh --target linux_installer

I'm still looking for a solution to extract the content of a self-extracting archive without running it.

Note 2: You can even use the .exe packs installation executables, just unzip the exe files (unzip nameofthepack.exe -d nameofthepack) and you will recognize the ut2003 structure. (This does not work for patch 2225b3 as it must contains the linux executable ut2003-bin and ucc which the exe does not contain obviously)

Hope this helps.

Regards,

Julien


Microsoft Launches Visual Studio for Linux

For some reason, choosing "extract here" may throw up an error and may not extract. You can, however, manually extract the archive.

Use this command to unzip the zip file to your user Home directory. Assuming the zip file is in your Downloads folder:

unzip ~/Downloads/VSCode-linux-x64.zip

If the zip file is in your Desktop folder and not Downloads, use these commands instead:

unzip ~/Desktop/VSCode-linux-x64.zip

To run, execute the following command:

~/VSCode-linux-x64/code &

It is also recommended you make a link so that you can easily run it in the future:

sudo ln -s ~/VSCode-linux-x64/code /usr/local/bin/vscode

Now, to run it in the future, you can execute:

vscode &

or press ALT + F2, type:

vscode

and then press ENTER.

Okay, it seems you have a 32 bit version of Ubuntu installed (i386) and the VSCode download is for a 64 bit architecture.

Here is how to install the 32 bit (i386) version.

Run the following commands:

wget "https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=620885" -O vscode.zip
unzip vscode.zip
sudo ln -s ~/VSCode-linux-ia32/code /usr/local/bin/vscode

You should now be able to run Visual Studio by executing the following command:

vscode &


Your problem is that your GRUB configuration includes a BIOS/legacy-style boot entry for Windows, but your system is booting in EFI mode. There are a number of ways to fix this. One is to create your own custom Windows boot entry for GRUB in /etc/grub.d/40_custom. Something like this might work:

menuentry "Windows 7" {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod chain
    set root='(hd0,gpt7)'
    chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}

After creating that entry, type sudo update-grub to transfer it to the /boot/grub/grub.cfg file. I can't guarantee that this will work, though; what works for one installation doesn't always work for another.

Another approach is to install another boot manager, such as rEFInd or gummiboot. When installed as a primary boot manager, these tools will enable you to select Windows vs. GRUB, and you'll then use GRUB to select your kernel. Alternatively, either can boot a Linux kernel (version 3.3.0 or later) directly, bypassing GRUB entirely. Doing this optimally requires some reconfiguration, though; see this page on the rEFInd documentation for details.


How to boot Ubuntu after installing Windows 8 on another partition?

Installing Windows 8 after Ubuntu installs MBR over Grub. I see 3 options, all require a livecd :

1) Using a livecd, follow the guide made here : How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?)

2) Using a livecd, try the automatic tool "boot-repair" (you may have to install it on the livecd : sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair -y && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair).
There, you can try the "recommended repair" and try to boot.

If that doesn't work, you can re-open boot-repair and try the "advanced option" > reinstall grub2 > place grub on SDA.

3) Download and launch "boot-repair-cd", a special livecd containing boot-repair : http://sourceforge.net/projects/boot-repair-cd/ and do the same steps as above in point 2.

To rescue your data, usually you can simply boot with a livecd and copy all you want on an external storage (such as USB key or USB Hard disk, even an other hard disk linked to your motherboard should be fine).

But, you're saying that you can't find your Ubuntu partition. That's another problem, maybe you erased it while installing Windows 8 ? You can check that with testdisk from a livecd (packages can be found in Universe deposits/repositories), wich I'm not going to explain here, but documentation can be found here : http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Step_By_Step


How can I extract pdf names from an lftp log file?

Using grep with PCRE (-P):

grep -Po '.*/\K[^\s]+(?=\s+->)'

Example:

$ grep -Po '.*/\K[^\s]+(?=\s+->)' <<<'2016-05-11 07:09:54 ftp://test@test.dyndns.info/test1/fool/1999/How/05%20May/test160511.pdf -> /test/keep/more/use/05/test160511.pdf 0-28442281 33.5 KiB/s'
test160511.pdf

Or sed:

sed -r 's#.*/([^[:blank:]]+)[[:blank:]]+->.*#\1#'

Example:

$ sed -nr 's#.*/([^[:blank:]]+)[[:blank:]]+->.*#\1#p' <<<'2016-05-11 07:09:54 ftp://test@test.dyndns.info/test1/fool/1999/How/05%20May/test160511.pdf -> /test/keep/more/use/05/test160511.pdf 0-28442281 33.5 KiB/s'
test160511.pdf

You can save the output using output redirection operator >:

grep .... >/where/to/save.log

So in this case:

grep -Po '.*/\K[^\s]+(?=\s+->)' <<<'your_string' >output.log

You can use an intermediate variable too:

temp=$(grep -Po '.*/\K[^\s]+(?=\s+->)' <<<'your_string')

and then save:

echo "$temp" >output.log


How to deny users from creating subdirectories?

Yes, it is possible. You need to revoke write permissions for the directory. It can be done by

chmod -w /path/to/dir

The user will not be able to create files or directories in the directory.

But I do not see a simple way to allow users to create files and do not allow to create directories.

There can be a workaround with a script using inotify that will detect creation of directories and doing something, like removing them, etc.

Another option is to revoke permissions from mkdir. In this case the user will not be able to create any directories.

And also there is another very hacky way


The instructions here say it must be configured with:

dav://IP_address:port


How do I change the folder icons in the "Places" menu?

If you want to add emblems (like the document, picture frames) on top of the default folder icon, see this post
If you want to change the underlying icon itself, then there are 2 options
Option #1 - Change the icon theme

you can change the icon theme by opening Appearance Properties (System -> Preferences -> Appearance)
In the Theme tab click on "Customize..."
In the Customize Theme dialog, select the "Icons" tab and choose the preferred theme.

Option #2 - Customize icon for a specific folder

Go to places menu and open the folder you want to customize
Press Alt + Up  or click Go -> Open Parent to display the parent directory.
Right click on the directory and select "Properties..."
On the Properties dialog, click on the icon on the top left and choose the bitmap in the "Select Custom Icon" dialog that opens.

The icons from various themes installed in your PC are typically stored inside /usr/share/icons


First you have to install apache on your machine by using following command

sudo apt-get install apache2 apache2-doc apache2-utils

It will install apache as well as its documentation and utilities


14.04 - Keyboard does not work in login screen after sleep

Well, here's a solution that has seemed to work.

Keyboard and mouse unresponsive after suspend

sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-input-all

EDIT: This fix does not appear to completely work. See edit above.


Title bar is not appearing in gnome Ubuntu 18.04

Many applications move towards eliminating the classical menu. Files, the standard file manager of the Gnome Desktop in Ubuntu 18.04, is among these apps. You will find the options under various buttons in the top bar. Application wide menus are found in the drop down menu in the top bar. You open that menu by clicking on the application name in the top bar. (This appmenu will disappear in the near future in future Gnome versions)]1.


sudo mkdir creates directory as nobody nogroup on mounted directory, then chown not permitted

This is a security feature of nfs. You need to export it with flag no_root_squash so that a remote root will stay root on the filesystem.


How do I access an Apache web server using a domian name instead of IP?

Go to your /etc/apache2/sites-available folder and copy the default 00-default.conf file to mysite.conf.  You can use any unique name for the mysite.conf.  In this case you could call it something-somethingelse-gr.conf (for your own personal identifying your designation for this virtual site.

Then edit your new configuration.  Uncomment the ServerName directive and replace the www.example.com with something.somethingelse.gr.  You can also add other names to call the same server by using the ServerAlias directive as described below.

Change from:

# The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
# the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
# redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
# specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
# match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
# value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
# However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
#ServerName www.example.com

    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html

Change to:

# The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
# the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
# redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
# specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
# match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
# value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
# However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.

    ServerName something.somethingelse.gr
    ServerAlias www.something.somethingelse.gr

    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html

Then run this from the commandline:

$ a2ensite mysite.conf


Assuming you have the WiFi drivers properly configured and installed in your recently built Ubuntu system, and from a root shell or with su (other privs might suffice but a root shell is the fastest reliable method to alter configs ), Linux shell commands and switches are case sensitive:

An instant "shotgun to the wall" method to determine if your WiFi adapter is properly installed but potentially just awaiting to be enabled is to do the following commands:

ifconfig wlan0 up
ifconfig wlan1 up

If there aren't error messages, your adapter was disabled and needed to be enabled.

If that still fails, can you run iwconfig and copy/paste the output since it isn't terribly lengthy as your dmesg that is best served hosted at codebin.org

iwconfig

And look for a wireless interface likely named wlan0 or wlan1, etc., that should have some description of your missing adapter.

Just because the installation bootstrapper managed to detect your adapter, doesn't mean the installed version is just as capable.


You have unmet dependencies.

Possible cause of unmet dependencies could be corrupted package database and packages weren't installed properly. Try to trun the following commands to fix:

sudo apt-get clean

and

sudo apt-get autoclean

Resolve dependencies using:

sudo apt-get -f install

The -f option is "fix broken". apt will try to correct broken dependencies.

Then run:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

Finally run again:

sudo apt-get -f install


Ubuntu 12.04 lts fails to load unity. Nvidia persistence daemon [fail]

Ok. Here is the update. I was able to load my system with graphics enabled.
After I've posted this question I have re-installed my Ubuntu. I have installed Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64-bit. Then I have installed bumblebee following this post.
Everything worked until I have installed freeglut3 using thise command:

 sudo apt-get install freeglut3 freeglut3-dev

I have noticed that it asks to delete a lot of files, libraries which are related to x-server. (I only deduced this from the names of files it asked to delete).
I confirmed. After freglut3 was installed, I rebooted my system and had the same problem again.

could not write bytes: broken pipe
could not write bytes: bad file descriptor
Nvidia Persistence daemon [fail]

I decided to try to purge nvidia and bumblebee and re-install them, hoping that it will reload the files which freeglut3 deleted.

sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia*
sudo apt-get --purge remove bumblebee

After thatб I have added repositories containing latest nvidia drivers and installed them.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-331

After the installation was complete without rebooting I have installed bumblebee

sudo apt-get install bumblebee

I have rebooted, and my system started working again!
Unfortunately I will have to do this each and every time some updates or new installations touch "X" files.
Hope this post helps somebody. Regards.


Try this

sudo cp /etc/apache2/conf.d/phppgadmin /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/phppgadmin.conf
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart


How to launch interactive shell script in bash hourly with cron?

I guess my first guess about the way the DISPLAY variable is handled is wrong. I think the problem somehow related to cron using a non-interactive shell. A test script using an infinite read loop failed to run. However, when I tested by opening a new tab:

* * * * * DISPLAY=:0 /usr/bin/gnome-terminal --tab -e /home/murukesh/test.sh

it worked fine.

According to this SU question and this Ubuntu Forums post, you may have to either export the $DISPLAY variable or use env:

1 * * * * env DISPLAY=:0.0 /usr/bin/gnome-terminal -e /home/user/Desktop/mltpl

(or)

1 * * * * export DISPLAY=:0.0 && /usr/bin/gnome-terminal -e /home/user/Desktop/mltpl

This maybe due to the shell used by cron being sh and not bash (see What's the difference between set, export and env and when should I use each?).
Also have a look at Script doesn't run via crontab but works fine standalone.


Your tar.gz seems to be broken and can't be unpacked. Maybe there was a glitch while you downloaded it, or it has been broken some other way. You need to get a new, fresh copy.

I don't know about MADGRAPH, but for many apps you can get checksums. You download the package, compute the checksum and compare it with the checksum the package should have. Those checksums are typically hashes built with algorithms like SHA-256. For example, Anaconda has the correct checksums listed on their website.

To compute the checksum for the file you downloaded, you can use a tool like md5sum, sha256sum or similar, depending on the algorithm used.


How to find out which backported packages are available, and avoid losing packages when manually upgrading?

how do we find out what our options are for upgrades via backports?

Run apt-get with the --default-release or -t switch:

sudo apt-get -t precise-backports upgrade

Is the same as apt-get install ipython/precise-backports just that you don't have to insert the precise-backports part.

  I'm surprised that even if I ask for status, e.g. via wajig status ipython it doesn't tell me there is a new version available.

For that I use apt-cache policy:

apt-cache policy iceweasel
iceweasel:
  Installed: 25.0~a2+20130816004007-1~bpo70+1
  Candidate: 25.0~a2+20130816004007-1~bpo70+1
  Package pin: 25.0~a2+20130816004007-1~bpo70+1
  Version table:
 *** 25.0~a2+20130816004007-1~bpo70+1 1990
       1990 http://mozilla.debian.net/ wheezy-backports/iceweasel-aurora i386 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     23.0-2 1990
         -1 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ experimental/main i386 Packages
     17.0.8esr-2 1990
        990 http://ftp.utexas.edu/debian/ testing/main i386 Packages
         -1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ sid/main i386 Packages

  Next, how do I avoid losing existing packages just because I upgrade via a backport?

If the packages you want to upgrade break previous dependencies, then you should decide if upgrading or leaving things as they are. Or you just force things down and break your installation, is all up to you.

  How do I say I want the latest backported ipython, as well as any other packages for which updates are available that depend on it, without manually figuring them all out and installing them also?

Same as above.

  But if a user asks for one package to be updated, wouldn't it be natural to update all the dependencies, like you'd get from a ppa?

If there is no update candidates, no. This happens a lot on rolling releases distributions, some packages depend of others that are yet no available in the repositories, so apt decides no to upgrade since it breaks dependencies.

For the case of ipython that you mention on comments:

Following the package dependencies page ipython-notebook=0.13.2-1~ubuntu12.04.1 depends to ipython=0.13.2-1~ubuntu12.04.1, but if you try to upgrade ipython alone, apt will take your actions as priority and fulfill them at any cost. Since you are only telling apt to install ipython from backports, he understand:

  Fulfill only this condition at any cost

So, the only way to do this is removing/downgrading any package that gets it dependencies broken due this operation (ipython-notebook) and install ipython from backports. The correct way to do this is, either:

sudo apt-get -t precise-backports install ipython-notebook ipython

or

sudo apt-get -t precise-backports upgrade

The first one will tell apt-get to install ipython-notebook and ipython from backports, the second will tell apt to upgrade any installed package that has upgrades in the precise-backports repository.


Hard drive indicator is slightly flashing all the time

iotop is useful for listing the processes disk usage


What is the difference between chroot, dchroot and schroot?

A chroot may be used directly as root by running chroot(8), but normal users are not able to use this command. schroot allows access to chroots for normal users using the same mechanism, but with permissions checking and allowing additional automated setup of the chroot environment, such as mounting additional filesystems and other configuration tasks. This automated setup is done through the action of setup scripts which may be customised and extended to perform any actions required.[1]

dchroot is basically an earlier version of the same thing, but its use is being (or has been) deprecated in favour of schroot.[2]

[1] http://linux.die.net/man/1/schroot
[2] http://linux.die.net/man/1/dchroot


How do I get free space? The trash can is empty

Without more details about your system, I really can't help you with what to remove.

Plus, they're your files and thus you'd have to make the final decision about what to do with the space anyways (deleting files, etc.)

What I can do, however, is show you a quick way to get a graphical breakdown of all of your files and the space they're taking.

Open the Unity dash by clicking the Ubuntu logo with the swirly things:

or by pressing the Windows/Super key.

Once the dash is open, just type in Disk Usage and select Disk Usage Analyzer:

Note, your icon will look a little different - I've got the Numix Circle icon theme. Just click on the application titled Disk Usage Analyzer.

Once it's open, you should see a window that looks similar to this one:

It lists all files & folders on the left from largest to smallest, as well as a graphical visualization of it on the right.

Have a poke around in this tool, it's very useful for finding stuff that's taking up space.


umask is working precisely as expected - a mask of 0000 means permissions are 666 (rw-rw-rw-) for files and 777 (rwxrwxrwx) for directories. The execute bit is set for directories and not files. Case in point: the default umask is 0022, but files you create don't have the execute bit set by default, do they?


What to do about Firefox 71.0 update breaking many extensions and it's own UI?

Okay so my problem was fixed by these steps:

Run firefox --profileManager and create a new profile
Copy all .sqlite files from .mozilla/firefox/<oldprofile> to the new profile's directory (I did not traverse subdirs in my search for sqlite files)
Copy key4.db and logins.json (they only work if you have both)
Copy handlers.json
Start firefox with the new profile (and make it default if you want)
Install all your old addons. You can see what you had installed via this python one-liner:

python3 -c 'import json; a = json.load(open(".mozilla/firefox/<oldprofile>/addons.json")); print("\n".join(x["name"] for x in a["addons"]))'

As far as I can tell, I lost the settings for my old installed addons, but they were not important to me. Everything else seems as before. I have deliberately copied only files that were absolutely necessary as to not copy the malfunction along.


Ubuntu user credentials, file permissions

With ACL, you can create a group for that purpose and add the user to the group, so that getting the right stuff to each new user is as simple as this:

sudo usermod -a -G developers $username

That takes a little work, though, to start. This is for Ubuntu 10.10 at least.
First mount the file systems with the acl option in /etc/fstab.

sudo vim /etc/fstab

UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx / ext4 defaults,acl 0 1

sudo mount -o remount,acl /

Then make a group to which a user may belong for this purpose.

sudo groupadd developers
sudo usermod -a -G developers $username

The user needs to log out and in again to become a member of the developers group.

Of course, do not do this if you have content in the /var/www directory that you want,
but just to illustrate setting it up to start:

sudo rm -rf /var/www
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/public
sudo chown -R root.developers /var/www/public
sudo chmod 0775 /var/www/public
sudo chmod g+s /var/www/public
sudo setfacl -d -m u::rwx,g::rwx,o::r-x /var/www/public

Then replace references to "/var/www" with "/var/www/public" in a config file and reload.

sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 reload

If we wanted to restrict delete and rename from all but the user who created the file:

sudo chmod +t /var/www/public

This way, if we want to create directories for frameworks that exist outside the
Apache document root or maybe create server-writable directories, it's still easy.

Apache-writable logs directory:

sudo mkdir /var/www/logs
sudo chgrp www-data /var/www/logs
sudo chmod 0770 /var/www/logs

Apache-readable library directory:

sudo mkdir /var/www/lib
sudo chgrp www-data /var/www/lib
sudo chmod 0750 /var/www/lib


Google-Earth will not launch and autometically quit

This happens to me also. I found the solution was to disable networking, and then launch Google Earth. After it launches, re-enable networking.

I know, not the ultimate solution, but it works!

Also see: Google Earth stops immediately after startup


Updated to kernel 4.8.4-wifi no longer connects

Installing unsupported kernel is generally not good idea (except you need some specific fix which is implemented there).

Now, to get your wifi working again, you should remove this new kernel. Open terminal and type:

sudo apt-get autoremove linux-image-4.8.4... #(press tab to autocomplete)

sudo apt-get autoremove linux-headers-4.8.4... #(press tab again)

and last but very very important

sudo update-grub

Now reboot, your old kernel will be back (if you haven't removed it meanwhile, in that case, you will need to download and install old kernel manually.)

EDIT

How to install older kernel:
Download these files:

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.4.14-xenial/linux-headers-4.4.14-040414_4.4.14-040414.201606241434_all.deb
http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.4.14-xenial/linux-headers-4.4.14-040414-generic_4.4.14-040414.201606241434_amd64.deb
http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.4.14-xenial/linux-image-4.4.14-040414-generic_4.4.14-040414.201606241434_amd64.deb

and install them in order: headers - all, headers, image


What does snap/gnome-3-26-1604 do? Can it be removed without breaking Ubuntu 18.04?

It should be this snap: https://snapcraft.io/gnome-3-26-1604

  This snap includes a GNOME 3.26 stack (the base libraries and desktop
  integration components) and shares it through the content interface.

So, unless you have another gnome stack in usage, you should not remove it.

Edit: As snap always downloads a whole new version instead of updating and does not auto-delete the old ones, yes, you can delete the old ones. Check which are disabled with snap list --all  and remove with snap remove --revision XXX gnome-3-26-1604 where XXX is the revision number (eg 70).


creating a bash alias name that contains an =

You need to remove the spaces around the = sign.  Here is how it should be:

alias emacs='emacsclient -c -a --socket-name=server --alternate-editor='


Ubuntu Dash to Dock resizes automatically

The issue is because your Icons are not a fixed size, the bar will auto resize to make the Icons fit when a new window is opened.
If you don't have it installed, install gnome-tweaks
sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

Then bring up the tweaks control panel and select the Extensions tab.  Then select the gear on the right of the Dash to Dock to bring up the settings.

Then turn on the "Fixed icon size" at the bottom.  That should prevent the bar from auto resizing.


No network on a fresh install of Ubuntu 16.04 on Dell laptop

A lot of Dells used broadcom wireless cards.  I'm not sure about your model.  But you should be able to find out by typing inxi -Nn in a terminal.  If it is broadcom then you'll need to add the correct driver depending upon the chipset used.
See here for more info: Broadcom

Ok can you get a Ethernet (hard) connection?  If so install bcmwl-kernel-source if you can not get it on line you can still install it from the live usb stick you used to install with by going to pool>main>g>glibc
Install glibc-dev-bin fist (use gdebi) Then install libc6-dev after those are install go to pool>restricted>b and install bcmwl-kernel-source.
good luck. after that wifi should work.


The answer to your question is to use sudo iwconfig wlp4s0 power off
But I doubt if it will fix your issue as the ath9k module blocks power management changes unless you
sudo modprobe -r ath9k
sudo modprobe -r ath9k ps_enable=1

You may actually want to try
sudo sed -i 's/wifi.powersave = 3/wifi.powersave = 2/' /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf
systemctl restart network-manager.service


crontab -e
add at the end */5 * * * 1-4 /path/to/script &
save and exit
the script is

#!/bin/bash
echo "$(date)" >> /tmp/memory.usage
echo "$(free)" >> /tmp/memory.usage
echo ""

see man 5 crontab  for details. Or, an all-in-one cron line:

*/5 * * * 1-4 (echo $(date) && echo $(free) && echo "") >> /tmp/memory.usage


Installing VirtualBox Guest Additions for guest Ubuntu 20.04

The output you give in your question is the normal output from the process when it completes successfully. Is there a reason you believe it did not work?
You can verify the installed version of the guest additions by opening a terminal window in the virtual machine and typing ls /opt
I just did this successfully, note the similar output:
myusername@mycomputer:/media/myusername/VBox_GAs_6.1.10$sudo ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
[sudo] password for myusername:
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 6.1.10 Guest Additions for Linux........
VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
Copying additional installer modules ...
Installing additional modules ...
VirtualBox Guest Additions: Starting.
VirtualBox Guest Additions: Building the VirtualBox Guest Additions kernel
modules.  This may take a while.
VirtualBox Guest Additions: To build modules for other installed kernels, run
VirtualBox Guest Additions:   /sbin/rcvboxadd quicksetup <version>
VirtualBox Guest Additions: or
VirtualBox Guest Additions:   /sbin/rcvboxadd quicksetup all
VirtualBox Guest Additions: Building the modules for kernel 5.3.0-51-generic.
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.3.0-51-generic
VirtualBox Guest Additions: Running kernel modules will not be replaced until
the system is restarted
myusername@mycomputer:/media/myusername/VBox_GAs_6.1.10$ ls /opt
VBoxGuestAdditions-6.1.10


Duel Boot Windows 10 on an SSD and ubuntu on 260gb of 1TB HD Issue

The comment above answered the question.

I did step 35 and below. I can now boot to the GRUB menu using the F12 key.

thanks,

Mace


Can it be installed on a blank harddrive

It is not only possible to install Ubuntu on a blank disk, it is even slightly easier to do so than to install it on a disk where partitions already exist.


As can be seen from What is the CVE-2014-6271 bash vulnerability (Shellshock) and how do I fix it?, the patched version for 14.04 is 4.3-7ubuntu1.4, whereas the 14.04.1 image contains 4.3-6ubuntu1. Once released, an ISO is never changed. So an installation image will contain the fix when 14.04.2 is released.


gnome-session-fallback is not available anymore for Ubuntu >14.04 , so in order to get that old gnome you should refer to the other package which is called flashback.

sudo apt-get install gnome-session-flashback

indeed gnome-flashback is exactly the same as gnome-fallback.

Quoted from Gnome wiki:

  Gnome Flashback is a session for Gnome 3 which was initially called
  "Gnome Fallback", and shipped as a stand-alone session in Debian and
  Ubuntu. It provides a similar user experience to the Gnome 2.x series
  sessions. The differences to the Mate project is that Gnome Flashback
  uses Gtk+3 and tries to follow the current Gnome development by
  integrating recent changes of the Gnome libraries. The development
  currently lags behind a little but a lot of progress has been made and
  most importantly many open bugs have been fixed.

  Currently Gnome Flashback consists of the following components:

  GnomePanel: This component provides a a flexible panel. One or more    of these panels can be added to the screen and can be populated with
  multiple applets to open application, indicators for sound and
  network, a clock applet with date, time and weather and many more.
  Metacity: The window manager of Gnome Flashback, optionally other    window managers such as mutter can be used but Metacity is the one
  thats officially supported. Recently Metacity has been ported to
  GTK+3 and gained the side-by-side window tiling feature that is also
  available in Gnome Shell.
  GnomeApplets: This component provides a collection of useful applets    for the Gnome Panel.
  Flashback module: A new module since September 2014. It provides    session files, background features, a sound applet and shutdown
  dialogs.
  Notification Daemon: This is now part of Gnome Flashback and will be    part of the next release.


How to get the current path from an Open or Save dialog?

Maybe this helps, not exactly what you need, but close:
Right click in a file/folder and you will have the option Copy location.


Dual boot Ubuntu and Windows 8: UEFI vs Legacy mode

Setup your USB boot media the standard way, and it will be able to boot in either UEFI or legacy mode.  It's possible to convert your legacy Ubuntu install to UEFI, (add the /EFI/ubuntu bootloaders, change a few files like fstab, but it's far easier to just reinstall in UEFI mode when you have the proper media.  How you can boot the media depends upon the way the media has been set up -- you set it up just for legacy boot, so it can only boot in legacy mode.
  Be careful when you reinstall Ubuntu -- DO NOT select a "reinstall" grub option, that will wipe the whole disk.

Whatever you do, back-up your important files on the Windows side first.  Bad things can happen with a simple typo.  Oldfred's boot-repair suggestion should be an easy way to convert the Ubuntu install to UEFI.  It is just an extra step to switch modes to access the other OS, I don't know of any harm it could cause.


Well, there's actually lots of ways around this by using ssh inside the company to setup an outbound tunnel ahead of time over an existing "safe" port. Though that doesn't change the fact that you're probably circumventing their security policy and it's only a matter of time before you're found out and disciplinary actions are taken. I don't wish to document the details of accomplishing this, this is a social problem, contact your IS dept and work something out before you start breaking the rules at your workplace.


Yes, I'm rEFInd's maintainer.

Just running the install.sh script from OS X should install rEFInd as the default boot loader, bypassing rEFIt, although you might also want to install an EFI filesystem driver for the filesystem on which your Linux kernel resides. (That will enable direct booting of Linux without involving GRUB.) Also, running rEFInd's install.sh script will not completely remove rEFIt. If you find that rEFInd works as well as or better than rEFIt, you can delete rEFIt manually by removing the /EFI/refit directory in OS X (or on your ESP, if you installed it there).

That said, it seems unlikely to me that rEFInd will fix the problem you're having. I've never heard of this issue before, but my suspicion is that it's a firmware limitation, not a bug in rEFIt. I have made some changes to video handling in rEFInd, and it's conceivable that one of those changes would inadvertently fix your problem. It's worth trying rEFInd to see if this is the case, but I wouldn't get my hopes up.

You might want to try completely removing rEFIt before installing rEFInd to test whether the computer will boot with the monitor unplugged without any third-party boot managers installed. If it does, then rEFIt is probably hanging or pausing and waiting for input when the monitor is disconnected. If rEFInd does the same thing, it would be difficult to debug, because there's currently no facility to write a log file that would reveal where such a hang occurs.


How can i power on a pc from keyboard on ubuntu 14.04?

Unless your PC is a PowerMac/iMac/etc…, or your BIOS and keyboard both have some way to do this, then you cannot. It has nothing to do with Ubuntu.


Default in 16.04 grub menu set is hidden but you can access it by holding shift key on the keyboard after your machine opening screen pass(the menu entering the bios settings).If the ubuntu boots, then  login into ubuntu then you only need to set windows in grub menu.But before check your hardisk with  the program named "disk"(hit superkey-key or click ubutu logo in launcher and type disk)if the windows partition is in sda1 then Open terminal type "sudo gedit /etc/grub.d/40_custom" and paste the following into the editor:

menuentry "Windows 7" {

insmod part_msdos

insmod ntfs

set root='(hd0,msdos1)'

chainloader +1

}

save and close and type into terminal "sudo update-grub" now you can see it in grub menu with holding shift key.ıf the windows partition appear in sda2 change line "set root='(hd0,msdos2)'" and so on(sda1->msdos1,sda2 ->msdos2).If you can't boot in ubuntu then start your machine with ubuntu dvd and check your windows partition with "files"(nautilus file manager,second icon in launcher).Copy your important files into a usb disk in Ubuntu.


problem with laptop fan after ubuntu installation

I would also try the manufacturer's graphics driver if possible after installing the best thermal sensor modules suited to your hardware, the possible good choices found by running sudo sensors-detect; apt-get install linux-tools-common, or see if that's compatible w/, esp if your proc is intel; it will install thermald, which has a better fan-ctrl dflt set; sensors-detect will run an interactive script to load modules at boot-time that will manage cooling better. Be sure and search ways to reduce laptop heat prior to following these suggestions, as your hrdware might work better w/ other apps, like TLP or something. dpkg and apt-cache showpkg cpufrequtils & explore ways to configure your avg processor load if you wish.


The wifi adapter on C (wlan0 @ 192.168.0.107) is on a different subnet than U (192.168.1.95).  The third octet in the IP designates what subnet the IP is on because of your mask (255.255.255.0).

The bridge adapter (br0 @ 192.168.1.11) on C is on the same subnet as U, but because it can't see the wifi adapter, it won't be able to talk to the network.

If you put the C's wlan0 on the 192.168.1.0 network instead of on the 192.168.0.0 network (where it is), it should be able to communicate.  You would just need to edit the network configuration for the wlan0 adapter on C.


Ubuntu 14.04 - You have held broken packages

Unity is based on gnome. A lot of the unity packages (and ubuntu-desktop) packages depend on gnome packages.

So the problem here appears to be that the Gnome 3.12 ppa has been added.

gnome-settings-daemon-schemas

is part of Gnome. The packages you are trying to install (ubuntu-desktop) need version 3.10 from gnome, but it can't get to version 3.10, because of the ppa telling it to get it from the 3.12 repos.

If you want unity back, you need to install the previous version:

sudo apt-get install gnome-settings-daemon-schemas=3.8.6.1-0ubuntu11.2

but this will remove some because of dependencies - so gnome 3.12 will break...

The following packages will be REMOVED
  gdm gnome-control-center gnome-session gnome-settings-daemon gnome-shell
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
  gnome-settings-daemon-schemas


rsync + ssh public key asking authentication

The following command uses my pubkey and does not ask for a password even though I have both a valid password and valid pubkey for the remote host.  Also make sure you don't have a password set in .ssh/config just to be safe.

rsync -av /home/user user@hostname:/home/user/backup


Note: Although Ubuntu can read/write to Windows NTFS file systems, Windows knows nothing about how to read/write to Ubuntu ext4 file systems. And if you installed a Windows driver to read/write to ext4 file systems, remove it asap, as it corrupts those partitions.

To check the file system on your Ubuntu partition...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

If for some reason you can't do the above...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
open a terminal window
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/XXXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/XXXX # replacing XXXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot


Can public files in Ubuntu One be found through search engines?

If anyone has the link to a public file on Ubuntu One, then that link could be posted anywhere else on the web, and any search engine spider bot could index the sites which include the link. At this point, the link may show up in search results.

However, there is no way for the spiders to index them otherwise, unless a spider were to gain access to your account, and read the list of files and public file links for your files, as there is no list of all public file URLs anywhere.


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS VirtualBox Guest Runs Very Slow

I've had the same issue.  Install the VirtualBox guest additions and reboot. That solved the problem for me with Ubuntu 15.04, and it should work just fine for 14.04.

Also,  14.04 had some issues with GPU usage. If the above doesn't work, try upgrading to 14.10 or 15.04, they seemed to fix that problem.


Apparently this is a kernel issue. For radeon graphics the following seems to work:

http://phoronix.com/forums/showthread.php?62635-No-HDMI-sound-after-upgrade-to-Kubuntu-11.10-with-my-hd4770


Printer Indicator missing in Ubuntu 14.04

If you are using an HP printer then why not install HPLIP-GUI from the software centre and use that instead as it gives you a LOT more information about your printer including ink levels and cleaning/maintenance/alignment setup as well as an icon in your system tray...


Cannot launch apps - Maximum number of clients reached

It seems the numbers for Chrome are normal (from your pastebin).
I think you should look at slack.
There are a couple of open issues on github about this problem like Electron is leaking Xorg connections over time and on every desktop notification causing Xorg to stop accept clients.
There replied with saying it should be fixed in version 1.2.4 from the slack website


arrow on bottom right side in Ubuntu budgie

You might have a "Drop by" applet in your panel. To remove it go to your desktop-settings > Panels | look for a "Popup menu for usb drives" applet and remove it.


How to have `e2fsck` use `-E discard` by default?

Not sure if this is what you are asking about, but you can always use an alias...

alias e2fsck='e2fsck -E discard'


pyCharm installed via terminal but cannot find in Applications

When you run ./pycharm.sh, did it ask you whether you wanted to create a launcher entry? If it didn't or you didn't select it, run it again and create a launcher entry by going to Tools menu and selecting Create Launcher Entry. Maybe a restart of the system might help too.


you can still right click to with a different application. If you want to open something with visual studio, you would first have to install visual studio by using wine. If right clicking is now working at all check you setting under ->system settings ->mouse and touchpad


Unable to activate 3D effect in Ubuntu 11.10 Dell Studio Laptop

If you passed the

/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p

test then I would recommend installing CSSM

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

There is a short tutorial here for Cube settings. http://ubuntuguide.net/enable-compiz-desktop-cube-in-ubuntu-11-10-oneiric-unity

Plus you may need to edit some compiz settings therefore install

sudo apt-get install gconf-editor

This editor will be able to access the compiz-1 settings

Here is another how to: http://mygeekopinions.blogspot.com/2011/09/how-to-edit-compiz-settings-in-ubuntu.html


I do not use Bzr but Mercurial and Git.

And as far as i know using both a sync service and a revision tool on the same folder may create problems especially if that folder is updated by on several computers running Ubuntu One (or any other file syncing service afaik).

I've been having a few issues with ubuntu one and mercurial and i think it has to do with the fact ubuntuone and the mercurial repository might not be in sync depending on the sequences of changes and commits. For instance I might update files on one computer and not commit them or get updated file from ubuntuone before or after i pull changes.

I think a second reference point (the bzr/mercurial/git) repository is enough to confuse ubuntuone.


You can use something like TestDisk to attempt to recover the partitions if the partition table was damaged.

They have an excellent guide over at their website


Connect Samsung Android Phone to Ubuntu 16.04

For Android devices that use Android 4.4 or higher, the correct setting on the device's USB connections menu is MTP.  Use that one for file transfers but it's essential that you unmount the phone before disconnecting the USB cable when you're finished.


Login Failure( redirects to login after enterning password ) in Ubuntu 14.04

What was the last action you did in your Ubuntu? Most of the time login loop is happening due to some action which didn't completed successfully.
I experienced login loop due to graphics card driver releated issue as mentioned here


Tools to Monitor particular application data consumption for a period of time

I will only mention one of such tools here. You'll notice that you can see the bandwith consumption per application in the image bellow. This is just one of the tools (And it's closed source but has a free trial period).

However, there are numerous tools with which you can achieve what you need. You can have a complete detailed solution here (In as much as the link is not broken...). I will nevertheless list some of the tools at the bottom.

SolarWinds NetFlow Traffic Analyzer

Of the closed-source products on this list, NetFlow Traffic Analyzer (NTA) provides a particularly broad range of monitoring functions for a scalable number of nodes in your network. It is notable among closed-source IT setups for being fully functional during its 30-day free trial period, so if your company is unsure if it’s worth the investment, SolarWinds lets you see for yourself at no cost.

Once you’ve gained a basic understanding of how SolarWinds NTA works through the free trial, you’ll be able to easily operate the tool due to its interactive, visualized data displays. One of the most useful features of NTA is its ease of use for non-experts—if you’ve got a basic idea of how Linux network monitoring works, this intuitive, interactive program will enable you to monitor and analyze network traffic without a great degree of technical expertise.

NTA also provides visualized bandwidth monitoring for users to observe the capacity of the network units, and to see if any IT issues are pending. Moreover, the tool’s scalability helps ensure you can adjust your network units to the capacity that seems fit.

NTA is easy to use because of its Performance Analysis Dashboard. SolarWinds software is well known for providing a high degree of color-coded and searchable visual data. The Performance Analysis Dashboard helps you analyze your NetFlow with a great deal of precision, while operating in a streamlined visual display.

Another noteworthy aspect of NTA is its Class-Based Quality of Service (CBQoS) policy. Twenty-first century networks often operate using cloud-based applications, and SolarWinds recognizes some of these take higher priority in using network bandwidth. CBQoS helps you prioritize which applications should take up bandwidth, so these apps travel more quickly in your network.

This Linux network monitoring software isn’t just a tool for measuring bandwidth and capacity—it also alerts you when something’s wrong. NTA offers traffic-based alerts when it suspects a device is malfunctioning, and it can be a crucial tool for detecting threats in your network. In addition, while other network monitoring tools allow the central controller to view any new devices accessing your system and how much traffic they’re conducting, NetFlow Traffic Analyzer takes this a step further—it provides you with alerts if unusual traffic is detected toward port 0, the neutral port attackers often use to access a system.

A. Best Closed-Source Linux Network Monitoring Tools:

  SolarWinds NetFlow Traffic Analyzer
  Paessler PRTG Network Monitor
  Nagios Network Analyzer
  Zenoss Cloud

B. Top Open-Source Linux Network Monitoring Tools:

  Icinga 2
  OpenNMS
  Cacti
  Zabbix
  Pandora FMS
  LibreNMS
  Prometheus
  EventSentry Light
  Observium Community
  Monitorix
  Ganglia
  Htop
  BMW-NG
  EtherApe
  IBMonitor

I hope this helps you solve the issue at hand.


Please provide me the way to download "Youtube Video Downloader"

You can use Minitube YouTube downloader.  To install it Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ferramroberto/minitube
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install minitube

Or from USC


So the answer is that you have moved your file and renamed it as sda3. so to revert open terminal at same location where you earlier opened it and run:
sudo mv /dev/sda3 miras.txt

/dev/sda3 was a special node file that would otherwise be used to mount your USB disk. But you have replaced it with a *.txt file.
As your miras.txt file was in Home folder you no need to use sudo at all. If you run your mv command without sudo it will show "Permission denied".
Now unplug and replug-in sda3 if it was a USB stick otherwise you can use:
sudo umount /dev/sda3

sudo mount /dev/sda3

Otherwise you can just restart the system. Linux will automatically recreate the device special /dev/sda3 if necessary.


Nvidia-prime not working | AMD + Nvidia | XMG-Core 4800H+RTX2060

I finally solved it.
Apperently the 4800h is to new for kernel 5.4. I updated to kernel 5.8.1 in the following the displays got recognized but stayed black.
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/MainlineBuilds
I then followed the description of the following post in the nvidia forums. (Read carefully, there are 2 methods described in this one post).
https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/nvidia-xconfig-doesnt-do-what-i-want-it-to-nor-does-nvidia-settings/107883/7
Now external displays and internal displays are working.
Delete the xorg.conf. You do not need it and you will not get an working solution with it.

In  /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-amdgpu.conf replace Driver "amdgpu" with Driver "modesetting"

Then add Option "PrimaryGPU" "Yes" to  /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-nvidia.conf

Create the two files named optimus.desktop in /etc/xdg/autostart/ and /usr/share/gdm/greeter/autostart/ with:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Optimus
Exec=sh -c "xrandr --setprovideroutputsource modesetting NVIDIA-0; xrandr --auto"
NoDisplay=true
X-GNOME-Autostart-Phase=DisplayServer

This is very important. These files will be executed with startup.