How to exit emergency mode and boot to default mode?

When you see CTRL+D enter root password.
Then enter mount -a to see where the error is (which line).

Then enter vi /etc/fstab and correct the missing or remove it then save and finally reboot.


Unbearably Slow Network Performance in Chrome/Firefox (14.04)

DNS was originally set to be served from localhost and was taking
  multiple seconds to resolve.

that's quite strange that DNS served from localhost take multiple second to respond. Why was that happening and how ?
May be that is still the same problem at work here ?

Another idea: are you using a proxy ? a VPN ? check your configuration even though those things don't happen by accident.


Environmental variables resets after reboot

The tutorial EnvironmentVariables is good reading on this topic.


Laptop fan speed too low when not docked

I don't own a thinkpad and cannot tell precisely why there is a difference in fan speed in the two cases. Regardless it seems the system is running too hot even with the higher fan speed.

However, I did get significant cooling of my laptop using tlp. Try installing it as described here. You will have to purge laptop-mode-tools package if it is installed on your system else tlp will refuse to start. Since it was originally written for thinkpad laptops, it should work even better for your case. Note the two optional thinkpad packages mentioned on the page which could further help for thinkpad.

If the above does not help for your case, then you can enable intel p-state available in recent kernels. Enable it as described here. I don't use thermald as mentioned on that page since I did not have overheating problem, and I will not suggest trying that given what it says on that page about the state of thermald. Check pstate is getting used correctly: cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/*/cpufreq/scaling_driver should show intel_pstate. Try setting the governor to powersave for both AC and Battery in tlp instead of cpufrequtils as mentioned on that page: sudo gedit /etc/default/tlp, search for CPU_SCALING_GOVERNOR and add:

CPU_SCALING_GOVERNOR_ON_AC=powersave
CPU_SCALING_GOVERNOR_ON_BAT=powersave

Then restart tlp: sudo service tlp restart
Check if it has taken affect: cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor should show powersave

If even that doesn't work well for you, then you could try installing a newer kernel (as I have been using) which has better p-state implementation. This is really the VERY LAST RESORT if everything else fails to cool down the laptop. Get the debs from here: http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.15.5-utopic/. You will need amd64 packages (assuming you have 64-bit Ubuntu installation) for linux-image-*-generic, linux-headers, and linux-headers-*-generic.

Additionally you could try installing the thinkfan package for controlling the fan on thinkpads but I have no experience of using it so cannot provide any tips for the same. You can also check the howto's given here for thinkpads specifically those dealing with power management like this.

Edit: with tlp you may have to also explicitly disable ondemand/cpufrequtils for the "powersave" p-state governor to take affect as I mentioned above. See this.


Unable to create `file' (while processing ): Read-only file syste

You need to remount the file system as read write, otherwise it will fail:

dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-3.5.0-47-generic_3.5.0-47.71~precise1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 unable to create `/boot/abi-3.5.0-47-generic.dpkg-new' (while processing `./boot/abi-3.5.0-47-generic'): Read-only file system
dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe)

Use sudo mount | grep -v rw to find out the device that is mounted as read only, then run:

sudo mount -o remount,rw /dev/sda1

Replace sda1 with whatever is the device that is mounted as readonly, but I'm pretty sure it will be /boot.


I found out that my problem was due to a lack in proper drivers for Ubuntu 15. I had to add them manually add them:

Running:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers

will add the latest/optimised Intel drivers.

More info can be found here:

Intel Graphics for Ubuntu 15.10

Here:

https://launchpad.net/~oibaf/+archive/ubuntu/graphics-drivers

and here:

https://launchpad.net/+help-soyuz/ppa-sources-list.html

NOTE: This as far as I know will work with Ubuntu 14.04.2 and later. It recommended you use it for 15.10 ONLY.


I found the default IPTABLES configuration at /etc/default/iptables and added the following and restarted the iptables service and ftp is now working:

-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 20 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT


Is it possible to show all found results together in the LibreOffice Writer?

With AltSearch, it is possible to redirect search results to another Writer window.  The following replacement expression lists item and page number found, as well as the text.

\i page \I:  &\n\R

Be sure to check the Regular expressions box for this to work.

For example, searching for .*a.* in my test document produced four search results.

1 page 1:  bbabb
2 page 2:  ccacc
3 page 2:  ddadd
4 page 3:  eeaee

Then consider lining up the two windows side by side to conveniently browse results.

EDIT:

To open the AltSearch dialog, go to Edit -> Alt. Find & Replace...


I find the solution.
You have to use Nautilus as root. That way you can see that those are not files, they're folders and inside those folders are jpgs.

Scalpel protects folder with recovered files.


Can't access folders after username change

You didn't break anything, it's just that some applications still look up your old username home path, e.g. /home/OLDUSERNAME. You can try to create a symlink between your new /home/username and your old /home/username to solve issues with applications that still use the old username. This should do it:

sudo ln -s /home/NEWUSERNAME /home/OLDUSERNAME

(replace NEWUSERNAME and OLDUSERNAME with the new/old username)


OpenGl and thus 3D acceleration has been enabled for the chipset since ver. 2.6 , you can check more here in these ubuntuforums threads:

855GME/915 Drivers from Intel
Intel 855GME 3D acceleration

The thing here is that the chipset lacks some support that Unity needs.

If Ubuntu is too heavy for your device Install Lubuntu.

To have some Compositing you can install xcompmgr in Lubuntu, set it to autostart, and you'll have basic Compositing needed for Transparecy in most docks and the LXDE panel.

You can too customize the LXDE panel to have the Indicators like in the Unity top panel and install AWN and customize it to look like the Unity launcher.


can't shut down or restart while others are logged in

You can enable that by using PolicyKit. It used to be installed by default, but it no longer is. There is a setting to allow some users to shut down the system while other users are logged in. Please remember that you will delete all of the other users unsaved work, so you shouldn't do this even if you can.


I asked the same question on http://ubuntuforum.org and got the answer. The answer was my HDMI cable was limiting my resolution on the second monitor, not the performance of my graphics card.

So I tried it with a dvi cable for the second monitor and connected it both cables to the nvidia card and tada ... everything works great with the nvidia119 driver now.

I get full resolution, no more flickering, no more crashes (so far).


Ubuntu 18.04 Installer: Can't install: errors in 1 file on my laptop, works on others

This answer only works in my case, it seems most of the above was correct and would work if the GPU was the issue, but it wasn't for me!
The reason I had issues on my laptop and not on others is because one of my RAM modules were failing.
Upon running a memtest (possible via Grub menu when booting into installer in BIOS mode), I discovered one of my 4 RAM modules were throwing tonnes of errors.
I removed it and all problems solved, unfortunately I'm down 8 GB of RAM too, but that would explain all the various segfaults and errors.
Edit
If there is anyone who has suffered memtest failures like how I did, if you happen to have Corsair RAM then you can contact them and have it RMAed. Corsair have unlimited warranty for memtest failures for memory.


No module named 'encodings' after upgrading to 16.04

From the comments, it looks like you were trying to use pip3 inside a virtualenv that is set up for Python 2. Note that running virtualenv venv creates a virtualenv named venv for Python 2 by default on Ubuntu if you don't specify the Python version explicitly.

In any case, if you want to create a virtualenv for Python 2, run:

virtualenv venv  # create virtualenv named venv for Python 2

If you want to create a virtualenv for Python 3, run:

virtualenv venv -p python3  # create virtualenv named venv for Python 3

In both cases, after you have activated the virtualenv by running source venv/bin/activate, you just need to call pip to install Python packages; this still applies for a virtualenv created for Python 3 because pip already knows what Python version you are using, so don't call pip3.


After trying to install ubuntu no OS is working

To get your Windows 8 BootLoader back you have to boot from a Windows Repair Disk, or your Windows installation disk, and run Startup Repair (fix programs that stop windows from booting).

Have a look at this link.

Once your Windows is fixed, then if you want you can install Ubuntu by downloading the ISO, booting from it, and installing.For instructions check out this page http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/install-desktop-latest.


I want to install Ubuntu from Lubuntu/Windows 10

You don't need to remove Windows or Lubuntu. Just allow Ubuntu to use the whole disk in the install process. This will destroy any data you may have on there so back up anything you want to keep first.


Ubuntu 12.04 microphone Acer Aspire One 150

Try installing pulseAudio volume controller:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio

Then start it from the HUD display and go to the input devices tab, select the "microphone" option from the drop-down, its "Internal microphone" by default, which most probably not the one attached somewhere on your screen, with a small opening. this worked on my acer aspire one when i wanted to use audacity.


Read .mp3 files from an USB stick, is it possible?

You need additional codecs to play mp3 and flac files in Ubuntu

Drivers or maybe you mean codecs - Well, you don't install them on the USB stick (unless indirectly, if your whole system is on a USB stick). We install them into the operating system (which is usually in an internal drive).

The linux drivers are different from Windows drivers. The linux drivers are normally bundled with the linux kernel except in special cases, for example for some graphics and wifi chips/cards, where proprietary drivers are available. Usually the linux drivers for the audio hardware work well.

The codecs code/decode the [compressed] data in audio and video files, and many of these formats are subject to licensing, and the codecs are not FOSS.

Please install a program package, that will provide the necessary codecs for mp3, mp4, flac and other multimedia formats. Ubuntu can not deliver them with the operating system due to licensing issues, but you can install them as an end user. Use the following commands in a terminal window (or a package manager with a graphical user interface),

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

Sometimes you must tweak the audio system in order to make Ubuntu play aloud. You can do that via the icon with the cog wheel on the left panel, 'System Settings' and then click on the icon 'Sound'.

In some computers it is more difficult, and maybe you want a more powerful tool. If this is the case, please install pavucontrol

sudo add-apt-repository universe  # and press Enter
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio pavucontrol

and use it with the following command line (or via dash,type p to find 'PulseAudio Volume Control')

pavucontrol

Many people like the multimedia player VLC. It is available for all common operating systems, Linux, Windows, MacOS ...

In Ubuntu it is easiest and most reliable to install it with the following command lines (or via a package manager with a graphical user interface),

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc

This is the classical way in Linux (and Ubuntu is a Linux operating system). We install additional software packages via repositories, and after that they become integrated with the operating system. For example, they share common library packages, and they are updated & upgraded automatically, when a new version is uploaded to the Ubuntu repositories.

Persistent live Ubuntu system

You can install a persistent live Ubuntu system in the USB stick. This way you can install the 'restricted-extras' and the mp3 files, boot from the USB stick and play. This system will be portable between most PC computers (depending on what version you install and how you install it). See the following link and links from it,

Try Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, ...) before installing it

It is possible 'to squeeze it into an 8GB pendrive with a shoehorn', but I would recommend a fast USB 3 pendrive with at least 16GB. If you select an Ubuntu community flavour with a light-weight desktop environment, for example Lubuntu, it will be faster and need less drive space, which helps in a small and/or slow USB stick.

help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick#Notes_about_speed

The tool mkusb can do the job almost automatically for you. Install mkusb with the following commands in a terminal window. If you run standard Ubuntu, you need an extra instruction to get the repository Universe. (Kubuntu, Lubuntu ... Xubuntu have the repository Universe activated automatically.)

sudo add-apt-repository universe  # only for standard Ubuntu

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mkusb/ppa  # and press Enter
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mkusb mkusb-nox usb-pack-efi

See the following links for more details,

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb
help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/persistent

When you have created the persistent live Ubuntu system, and you have booted into it, you should install the same extra packages as you would install in a system that resides in the internal drive,

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

and/or maybe

sudo add-apt-repository universe  # and press Enter
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio pavucontrol


This bit:

 python2.7-dev : Depends: python2.7 (= 2.7.3-0ubuntu3) but 2.7.3-0ubuntu3.1 is to be installed

suggests that you are using some mismatched repositories, or have some apt-pins in place keeping the version dependencies from lining up. I think, specifically, python-2.7 2.7.3-0ubuntu3.1 is in the Precise-proposed repository and the 2.7.3-0ubuntu3 version is in Precise/main proper, so you may be preferring -proposed for some but not all packages.

Can you edit your question to include the output of:

apt-cache policy python2.7-dev
apt-cache policy python2.7

and maybe:

apt-cache show python2.7

...

Reading the apt-cache output from your pastebin, it looks like you have the python2.7 2.7.3-0ubuntu3.1 from precise-updates/main  installed, but python2.7-dev is from precise/main. I think your install media or an earlier "apt-get update" included the precise-updates repository, but it's not in your current sources.list.

I think you'll be able to get the install going after adding precise-updates and then apt-get update.

echo "deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/precise-updates.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python2.7-dev


You can select java version using update-alternatives command.

Run below command in terminal.

sudo update-alternatives --config java

And type selection number that you want to use.

Like this:

Caution: The above description is the procedures for changing a default version. It is not an answer of this question, but should help you set the JAVA home


first start the window7 and run the ubuntu or wubi.exe and select "install inside windows" and assign 8 or more GB for ubuntu and also you can select more installation options.

after that restart the pc and make sure first boot your ubuntu cd and select ubuntu for complete installation instead of windows.

Also you can see various videos on youtube for better experience.


How does /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume work?

When there's a device referenced by UUID there then the system is waiting for that device before it can resume, because it needs the data stored on it. If the device doesn't exist then the system is going through every way of finding a device, and waiting, so as to be sure the device doesn't exist before it fails-over to a normal boot.

The link to swap is that the swap partition is used to store the memory contents in order to retrieve them and perform the resume operation.

You can check if swap is loaded with swapon --show and if swap is configured correctly by comparing blkid and cat /etc/fstab | grep swap.

Logical volumes (man lvm, sudo lvdisplay) can complicate the swap situation too.


can't install new packages after codeblocks

Have you taken into consideration from this line: You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these. for a solution? Try sudo apt --fix-broken install
Also, have you tried to see if the package(s) is available as a .deb file or in the repository? sudo apt install packageName
Have you installed a higher version of the package(s) that the system can't handle? Try going to https://pkgs.org and find a specific version of a package you need.
For example, say package A is version 1.0 and package B and C (the dependencies) are also version 1.0, but you install a newer version of package A and it needs package B and C to be that same version, but you can't upgrade your system (if it's already up to date) than you probably should downgrade package A.
If you don't understand what I said above, let me know.


Is Ubuntu Core for Raspberry Pi discontiued?

Yes it still exists
Details : https://ubuntu.com/core
Direct Download : https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-core/20/stable/current/


Ubuntu for Windows when running script gives mv: cannot stat error

When the script was running on the Linux server the path name appears to have been much shorter.

As a quick fix change this line:

file="${file:9}"

to this:

file="${file:30}"

Essentially you were changing the variable file from:

/mnt/c/localBarcodereader/pdf/K0XY92E6@DWEMIT6.glagsec107.SEC1.pdf

to:

calBarcodereader/pdf/K0XY92E6@DWEMIT6.glagsec107.SEC1.pdf

When the intention was to change file to be:

K0XY92E6@DWEMIT6.glagsec107.SEC1.pdf

There are better ways of doing this and I'll try to revise the answer (and reformat your question) a bit later.


I agree with starkus.

GParted is an excellent tool for partition managing.

If you feel intimidated you can resize the disk from your Windows installation. Use this as guide.

Windows partition managing tool is more limited than GParted but it should be enough to free up 20GB.

After that done, next time you boot into Ubuntu LiveCD you'll see free unpartitioned space, this is where you would choose to install ubuntu. Pick "Ext4" as you partition format.
If you are low on ram, say less than 8Gb, I would also leave some space for swap partition.


No, that lock screen was designed for Gnome/GTK 2. In Gnome 3, the screen saver functionality was removed since screen savers are mostly a relic from the days of CRT monitors.


Installing Adobe Illustrator CC via Wine (PlayOnLinux)

Be patient - it does install, but it appears to hang. It took about 20min for me.


In case it helps anyone, I have these same symptoms (print jobs go to pending and never print) unless my printer is turned on after Ubuntu starts up. Therefore, if I have print jobs pending, turning the printer off and then on again is enough to get them going.


It seems like this is an issue with secure boot, I have the same problem and found the solution in this forum: https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2393436.

Try to reboot and disable Secure Boot, then reboot, and either reinstall virtualbox-dkms or run dpkg-reconfigure virtualbox-dkms. It should work now.

If you want secure boot to work still, you then need to re-enable secure boot and sign the modules following this guide: https://blog.ubuntu.com/2017/08/11/how-to-sign-things-for-secure-boot

This is unfortunate, because it means if you want secure boot enabled, then every time there is a kernel upgrade, you need to:

Reboot and disable secure boot
Run dpkg-reconfigure virtualbox-dkms
Reboot and re-enable secure boot
Sign all the new modules
Reboot one last time (or possibly just modprobe the modules)

That is a lot of fuss and rebooting, but it should at least work. Of course, you could also just leave secure boot disabled until you reboot into Windows.

Edit:

There is a better way to do this that does not require multiple reboots. Apparently, what is happening is that the MOK module signing is waiting in the background for a root password. Check out this answer for more information: reconfiguration issues with dpkg


How to activate an installed network driver

In our chat, we determined that a recent update installed a 5.8.0-36 kernel version and that, for unknown reasons, the package linux-modules-extra that provides the relevant ethernet driver r8169 was not installed.
You were able to successfully get to the boot menu and GRUB. You selected an earlier kernel version, 5.4.0-60. Then I suggested the following commands:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install --reinstall linux-generic
sudo apt install --reinstall linux-modules-extra-5.8.0-36-generic
sudo apt purge r8168-dkms

Upon reboot back into your 5.8.0-36 kernel version, the ethernet was now working as expected.


How can i resolve dpkg error after uninstalling python3?

If you want to be sure a package is completely removed, use the "purge" option. This will also remove all configuration files.
sudo apt purge python3
sudo apt-get purge python3

You can also use "*" but this will remove really everything which begins with python3.
sudo apt purge python3*

But as mentioned in many comments removing the system Python is a bad idea.
Therefore to have better control over removing check what is still installed.
dpkg -l | grep -E '*python*' | less

Alternatively, you can look directly in the installation directory.
ls /usr/bin/python

This way you can check what python packages you have installed. And see their exact name should you want to remove them.
It appears to me that when you run:
sudo apt-get install python3

it tries to install just the "dh-python" package because it still finds some python package installed. It also tells you that python3 is not configured yet. So it seems it is installed but due to your previous attempts to remove it the configuration is not OK and therefore it can not install "dh-python". So properly removing the python3 package with its configuration files (which was before installed by you, not by the system), should allow you to install it correctly...
EDIT
Before removing Python rather try:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure python3*

In your case, it will be:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure python3.5*

And if you decide to remove python. (The version installed by you, not by system) make sure you check what depends on it. Here you can see how.


Each worksapce with their own launchers and folders

This answer is an edited version of this answer, but with the difference that this one is for Unity (instead of XFCE) and is to manage a set of (links to) folders per workspace, instead of application launchers. However, by uncommenting a line (see further below), you can also set a different set of application launchers per workspace at the same time.

The fact that it is for Unity makes the script slightly more complicated, but in principle, it works pretty much exactly the same.

An example:

workspace 1:

workspace 2 (3, 4):

How to make folders available in a workspace- specific way

In the solution below, not the actual folders appear on your desktop (or only on one of the workspaces, or any of your choice), but links to a (any) folder. From your comment I understand that is an acceptable solution to you.
This makes it effectively possible to have a (virtual) folder on one workspace, but not on another. A background script keeps track of the current workspace and changes the set of links on your desktop, according to how you set it up.

How to set up

The script uses wmctrl to get information on the current workspace:

sudo apt-get install wmctrl

In your home directory (not in a subdirectory, but on the "first" level), create a directory (exactly) named:

desktop_data

inside this directory, create for each of your (in this example four) desktops, a folder named (exactly):

desktop_1
desktop_2
desktop_3
desktop_4

In these folders, create links to all folders that you want to appear on the corresponding desktop. If, for example, you want the folder Documents to appear on viewport (workspace) 1, create a link:

ln -s ~/Documents ~/desktop_data/desktop_1/Documents

and so on, for all folders you want to appear on the targeted desktop(s):

NB If you also want a set of launchers per desktop, add the launchers to the folder and make them executable (!).
Copy the script below into an empty file, save it as change_desktop.py. Test-run it by running in a terminal window the command:

python3 /path/to/change_desktop.py

Switch workspaces like you use to do since the script acts on switching workspaces.

NB if you also want a set of launchers, specific to the different workspaces, uncomment the line:

if os.path.islink(subject) or subject.endswith(".desktop"):

but make sure the line:

# if os.path.islink(subject):

is commented out (put a # in front of the line)

In the example above, the folders Documents, Netwerkmap and screen_notes appear on workspace 1, but not on workspace 2 (3,4)

If all works fine, add it to your startup applications: Dash > Startup Applications > Add

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import os
import time
import shutil

home = os.environ["HOME"]
desktop_dir = home+"/"+"Bureaublad"
data_dirstr = home+"/desktop_data/desktop_"

get = lambda cmd: subprocess.check_output(["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd]).decode("utf-8")

# get resolution
xr = get("xrandr").split()
plus = 2 if xr[xr.index("connected")+1] == "primary" else 1
res = [int(n) for n in xr[xr.index("connected")+plus].split("+")[0].split("x")]

def get_dt():
    # get the current viewport
    vp_data = subprocess.check_output(["wmctrl", "-d"]).decode("utf-8").split()
    dt = [int(n) for n in vp_data[3].split("x")]
    cols = int(dt[0]/res[0])
    curr_vpdata = [int(n) for n in vp_data[5].split(",")]
    curr_col = int(curr_vpdata[0]/res[0])+1; curr_row = int(curr_vpdata[1]/res[1])
    return str(curr_col+curr_row*cols)

curr_dt1 = get_dt()

while True:
    time.sleep(1)
    curr_dt2 = get_dt()
    # alter the set of links when workspace changes
    if not curr_dt1 == curr_dt2:
        datafolder = data_dirstr+curr_dt2
        for f in os.listdir(desktop_dir):
            subject = desktop_dir+"/"+f
            # uncomment one of the two lines below
            if os.path.islink(subject):                                       # uncomment for only folders (links to) per workspace
            # if os.path.islink(subject) or subject.endswith(".desktop") :    # uncomment for folders and .desktop files per workspace
            #
                os.remove(subject)
        for f in os.listdir(datafolder):
            subject = datafolder+"/"+f; target = desktop_dir+"/"+f
            if os.path.islink(subject):
                os.symlink(os.readlink(subject), target)
            else:
                shutil.copy(subject,target)
    curr_dt1 = curr_dt2

Brief explanation

If the script starts up, it checks the screen's resolution. It then checks once per second what is the current workspace, and sees if there was a workspace switch. If so, it copies the links that you placed in the corresponding folder in ~/desktop_data to your desktop, and removes the links that are not.

Important note

In your localized version of Ubuntu, Desktop might be named differently ("Bureaublad" in Dutch for example). If so, change in the script the line:

desktop_dir = home+"/"+"Desktop"

to reflect your localized name of the Desktop folder.


How to change password complexity requirements in Ubuntu 14.04LTS

You only need to use

sudo passwd <user>

This will skip all requirements.

Warning: this will break automatic decryption if you encrypted your disk.


How to change jump time in totem media player?

shift, Right Arrow: forward 15 seconds
shift, left arrow: back for 5 seconds


It tells you what to do (although you need to be a bit experienced to know that):

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 mysql-server-5.7 : PreDepends: mysql-common (>= 5.5) but it is not going to be installed
                    Depends: mysql-client-5.7 (>= 5.7.25-0ubuntu0.18.04.2) but it is not going to be installed
                    Depends: mysql-common (>= 5.8+1.0.4~) but it is not going to be installed
                    Depends: mysql-server-core-5.7 (= 5.7.25-0ubuntu0.18.04.2) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

Thus, I'd try and purge everything except mysql-server-5.7 and then in a separate step purge mysql-server-5.7.


My mythtv setup menus changed to greek, anybody else?

Thanks douggro, I looked for a broken/wrong link in the font dir but didn't find one,  was hoping someone knew which font the setup menus used.  I gave up checking evry font file and just reinstalled the msttf fonts and that seems to have solved it.


Reinstalling Windows 7 on a new HDD which has 12.04 Installed

The another way is to make partition use windows 7 disc. Both ways are easy. In windows 7 disc , your drive will be formatted as NTFS by default. With Using Gparted , Never forget that you have to format it with NTFS. because Windows Doesn't understand ext4 file system.


I can't install BackUps in a Live Ubuntu USB drive

In live system you need to add universe repository by

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt update

It is not enabled there, but is enabled in an installed system.


How do I change the MATE default green colour globally?

I have worked it out, for anybody who is interested.

NOTE : I am using the Radiant-MATE window decorations, that was the culprit keeping certain green elements.

Edit the file

/usr/share/themes/Radiant-MATE/gtk-2.0/gtkrc

Edit this line

gtk-color-scheme = "base_color:#ffffff\nfg_color:#4c4c4c\ntooltip_fg_color:#ffffff\nselected_bg_color:#87A752\nselected_fg_color:#FFFFFF\ntext_color:#3C3C3C\nbg_color:#f6f4f2\ntooltip_bg_color:#000000\nlink_color:#A7BB85"

Change selected_bg_color:#87A752 to selected_bg_color:#4C5F6C

Edit this file

/usr/share/themes/Radiant-MATE/gtk-3.0/gtk-main.css

Change @define-color selected_bg_color #A7B885; to @define-color selected_bg_color #4C5F6C;

Open the folder /usr/share/themes/Radiant-MATE/gtk-3.0/assets

Find the icons for the various bullets and edit them in gimp to change the green to blue.


Installing ndiswrapper-dkms on ubuntu 12.04

Not sure if this problem has been resolved yet. I had a similar issue and followed Chili555's instructions:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1967383

The very first one worked for me:
sudo apt-get install --reinstall ndiswrapper-common ndiswrapper-utils-1.9

I also upgraded to 12.04 3.11 after resolving this issue by following these instructions:
http://www.leaseweblabs.com/2013/07/upgrade-ubuntu-12-04-lts-kernel-to-3-4/

My wifi is behaving erratically (was behaving this way prior to making the above changes) but have not encountered any ndiswrapper issues since.

Hope this helps


The http status code 500 itself probably won't tell you what went wrong.

Most http status codes are relatively "talkative", they tell you what's wrong in some detail. Take for example "404 Not Found". With this code, the server tells the client (for example, a web browser), "what you asked me to send you is not at that address". Or "403 Forbidden" ("You are not allowed to access that address"). Or, to take an example out of the range of problems on the server, "507 Insufficient Storage" ("The server does not have enough storage capacity left to do what you asked for").

In contrast to that, "500 Internal Server Error" is (somewhat deliberately) relatively vague. It just tells the client, "Something went wrong at the server's side of things", nothing more. It's like a "catchall" for everything that goes wrong while processing the client's request. It's used if the server (or the server's administrator) doesn't know what more to tell the client - or it doesn't want to tell the client anything more, because the details are none of the client's business ;)

So, "500 Internal Server Error" can be caused by a multitude of different things going wrong. To get further information you can consult the error logs of your server. In a typical setup, the server keeps two kinds of log files. In the access log, it notes down every request from a client it gets ("At time such and such a client from that IP address asked for that URL"). You mostly use the access log for statistic evaluations.

The other kind of log is the error log. Here, the client notes down everything that goes wrong. So you should take a look in your server's error log and search for the time the error occured. That should give you a log message that tells you more about what went wrong.

Where the server stores its logs depends on the server's configuration. The directives you should be looking for in the server's config files are AccessLog and ErrorLog.


Stable and latest version of Ubuntu Mate 18.04 for Raspberry Pi

As far as i know, there was no stable version for 18.04. You may try 20.04


I encountered the print_req_error while trying to open Ubuntu 16.04 on my dual booted HP laptop

Considering no one answered this, I would just like to add that reinstalling it does the trick. I tried 18.04 once again and it seems fine.
Edit: After a few months, this still happens with me, so I might reccommend changing hard drive.


You could file a bug report at https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu and request support for the new device.  This is not a site for such requests.
For general bluetoth help see   https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/bluetooth-connect-device.html.en
and take a look at Easier way to connect to Bluetooth device


wifi hotspot is not working..[ hard blocked:yes]

I don't know this HP  model, but on my laptop there is (FN F12) and also another switch button on the side to cut all radio emitter (bluetooth and wireless). It turn on and off the hard block.
hope this help


What does 'A' in the Aptitude package list mean?

The first character of each line indicates the current state of the package. i means the package is installed,  and p means that no trace of the package exists on the system. The second character indicates the stored action (if any, otherwise a blank space is displayed) to be performed on the package. If the third character is A, the package was automatically installed.

From the results of man aptitude:

search
           Searches for packages matching one of the patterns supplied on the
           command line. All packages which match any of the given patterns
           will be displayed; for instance, "aptitude search '~N' edit" will
           list all "new" packages and all packages whose name contains
           "edit". For more information on search patterns, see the section
           "Search Patterns" in the aptitude reference manual.

           Unless you pass the -F option, the output of aptitude search will
           look something like this:

               i   apt                - Advanced front-end for dpkg
               pi  apt-build          - frontend to apt to build and install architecture optimized packages
               cp  apt-file           - APT package searching utility -- command-
               ihA raptor-utils       - Raptor RDF Parser utilities

           Each search result is listed on a separate line. The first
           character of each line indicates the current state of the package:
           the most common states are p, meaning that no trace of the package
           exists on the system, c, meaning that the package was deleted but
           its configuration files remain on the system, i, meaning that the
           package is installed, and v, meaning that the package is virtual.
           The second character indicates the stored action (if any; otherwise
           a blank space is displayed) to be performed on the package, with
           the most common actions being i, meaning that the package will be
           installed, d, meaning that the package will be deleted, and p,
           meaning that the package and its configuration files will be
           removed. If the third character is A, the package was automatically
           installed.

           For a complete list of the possible state and action flags, see the
           section "Accessing Package Information" in the aptitude reference
           guide. To customize the output of search, see the command-line
           options -F and --sort.


if you have another Computer you may be able to use it as a network installation server.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/LocalNet

This is not a simple process but it is a way to install ubuntu without a USB drive or Disc.


Evolution will not send mail with attachments

Please follow the as below

Go to Edit
Go to Preferences
Select the your email account (xxx@xxx.com) & click edit
Click button Sending Email
Check Mark Server Requires Authentication
Select Encryption Method (STARTTLS after connecting)
Authentication Type: Login
Click OK button

During this process or after pressing ok a popup windows appears in which you have to give password of your email id thats all.

It worked with me hope will work for you also. Have a nice day

Regards,
Umair Ahmed


I don't have the rep to comment, so I'll just post an answer.

You may need to apply the kill "cont" command to all of the child processes, like this...

ps -eL | grep python | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -n 1 kill -s cont

If this doesn't help you, you may want to investigate why the processes are falling in to wait states to begin with.  A strategically placed 'echo -n' might shed some light.  For example, are they expecting input from a user or another process?

Good luck.


What's changing the owner on my log files?

Try to change the setgid of the /var/log/mythtv ( http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19683-01/816-4883/6mb2joass/index.html )


Install ubuntu on meizu Pro5 - ubuntu doesnt boot

make sure you had extract the four tar.xz files to system partion and flash boot.img, dtb, logo.bin, ldfw correctly

Keep your bootloader unlocked and the recovery is TWRP

You can try rc-proposed with
http://system-image.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-touch/rc-proposed/meizu.en/turbo/


Booting Issue in Ubuntu 18.04 external hard drive set up

The problem got fixed. The issue was being raised because, while installation, I was choosing Something else option for partitioning the Disk manually. I reinstalled the OS by selecting Erase Disk and Install and it worked seamlessly.


Installing SAGA-GIS wants to remove packages

Ok not sure how I fixed it because I tried around with different repositories and Ubuntu updated itself twice.

Maybe adding this repository was the solution:

  deb     http://qgis.org/debian-nightly trusty main


How do I install Ubuntu Server from USB without internet access?

Install Ubuntu 13.10 - Server X86-64 Without Internet

Step #1 = Physically disconnect the network cable from your computer.

Step #2 = Turn on the computer and boot up the installation disc.

Step #3 = During the installation process you will be prompted regarding the network. Pick "do not configure network at this time".

Notes:

Note #1 = Once installed Ubuntu will not have eth0 configured, because of this even if you connect the network cable you won't get network access. If you intend to use the network after installation you will need to configure eth0 yourself. I've never done this, and it sounds rather impossible, but I did find this document about it "help.ubuntu.com/community/NetworkConfigurationCommandLine/Automatic". The "Configuring An Interface" section might be of help?

Additional Resources:

Video Of Installation Process (MP4 2.98MB):

Direct link = https://copy.com/iyyduOYjr78U/screen_recording_iu1310sx8664wia.mp4

Stable link = https://copy.com/iyyduOYjr78U


Need help with variables like $current_dir, $user_host etc

The variables such as ${user_host} can be set to desired values inside your .zshrc file.

For example adding the following lines in your .zshrc:

local USER_HOST="${_prompt_colors[4]}%n@%m"
local CURRENT_DIR="${_prompt_colors[5]}%~"
PROMPT="${USER_HOST} ${CURRENT_DIR}$ "

will give you a prompt like:

ron@ron ~$

The characters that start with % in the above codes are special 'escape' sequences that are used to specify different kinds of information. Within the PROMPT variable, any occurance of these % sequences are replaced by the information that they represent. In the above codes:

%n represents username and is equivalent to $USERNAME
%m represents the hostname up to the first .
%~ represents $PWD, but will do two types of substitutions. If a named dir X is a prefix of the current directory, then ~X is displayed. If the current directory is your home directory, $HOME, just ~ is displayed.

Now, you have various options to show data/time:

%t - Current time of day, in 12-hour, am/pm format.
%T - Current time of day, in 24-hour format.
%* - Current time of day in 24-hour format, with seconds.
%w - The date in day-dd format.
%W - The date in mm/dd/yy format.
%D - The date in yy-mm-dd format.

So,

  PROMPT="${USER_HOST} ${CURRENT_DIR}%t$ "

will give a prompt like:

ron@ron ~9:11AM$

See 'Expansion of prompt sequences' in man zshmisc or have a look at this or this for more options that are available.


I am trying to check the mysql bind address int the terminal but keep getting error can someone help?

You need to separate the command and its arguments with whitespace. In this case, cat is the command, and /etc/hosts is its argument. You also have a grep command with localhosts as argument, there you do have the required whitespace. So cat/etc/hosts should be cat /etc/hosts.

Now, if you want to query the hosts database, I recommend using the getent command instead of grepping /etc/hosts directly.

getent hosts localhost


Ubuntu boots to purple/black screen using rEFInd and live USB stick

I fixed my problem by uninstalling rEFInd from Mac OSX (leaving the Ubuntu install untouched) and reinstalling it using these commands:

cd ~/Downloads/refind-bin-0.8.3
./install.sh --alldrivers

Apparently the --alldrivers option installs the file system drivers for rEFInd, and this enables the boot manager to access the Ubuntu kernel files on the Linux file system. (As a side note I got duplicates in the refind boot menu when I updated my Ubuntu as I then had more than one kernel on my system).

The Linux icon (penguin) that took me to the frozen purple/black screen remains and still behaves as such, but now at least I am able to choose another icon from the loader to access my newly installed Ubuntu.


unable to enable i386 architecture on ubuntu12.04 LTS

Well in this case  I recommend you to run the following to manually add the 32 bit support assuming you are using 64 bit ubuntu.
Become privileged user

sudo su

Add 32 bit support

echo "foreign-architecture i386" > /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch

Install 32 bit dependency packages you need to install libc , since its ubuntu 12.04

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ia32-libs libc6:i386 libncurses5:i386 libstdc++6:i386


Deleting an entire line in a file that contains a certain string

You could use d command from sed.

To remove all lines containing word John, you would do

sed --in-place /John/d ./file

In case of Multiple criterions, use the -e command

sed --in-place -e '/John/d; /John Smith/d' ./file


how to play video using terminal on ubuntu server

You can install mplayer:

sudo aptitude install mplayer

mplayer *  #for multiple files

OR

mplayer -vo fbdev -fs <video.avi>


Run the following command into the Terminal:

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

Scroll down and add these lines to the end of the file:

#Keep snd-pcsp from being loaded as first soundcard
options snd-pcsp index=-2
alias snd-card-0 snd-hda-intel
alias sound-slot-0 snd-hda-intel
options snd-hda-intel model=dell-m6-amic

Then, save , reboot and test sound using headphones and speakers.


Does unattended upgrades restart services automatically?

To answer this question, it first is important to clarify that unattended-upgrades is a service which basically runs an "apt upgrade", automatically, on your behalf. If you've ever upgraded a package, you'll notice that many of them trigger actions as part of the process; for instance, if you upgrade rsync you'll notice that the daemon is restarted:

Setting up rsync (3.1.0-2ubuntu0.2) ...
   * Restarting rsync daemon rsync                                 [ OK ]

Generally, well-written debian packages which contain daemons (in other words, running services) will restart those daemons as part of the upgrade; if it doesn't happen for a package you care about, do file a bug (and if you can, provide a fix).

There is an important case where this doesn't happen: when instead of upgrading the service itself, you upgrade a system package which it depends on. One example which comes to mind is openssl, which is used by many services which implement SSL support. For those, a manual restart of the service is required, and if you don't know how many or which ones need to be restarted, a reboot solves the problem.

To avoid certain packages from being upgraded, add packages to the Unattended-Upgrade::Package-Blacklist config stanza; see the answer to Can I configure Unattended Upgrades to not upgrade packages that require a reboot? for an example of the syntax.

Finally, on the topic of upgrades, it's worth plugging the canonical-livepatch service which provides free, unattended, live upgrades for critical security fixes to the kernel. If you haven't checked it out, you should.


network services not working after an upgrade

Maybe your upgrade missed some packages. To make sure everything required is indeed installed, type this in a shell:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

It will bring any package marked as a dependency, which should get you at a better starting point.


Dell 3543 Kubuntu 16.04 can't get output to 2nd monitor on HDMI

Further investigation revealed that in kernel 4.4, i915 driver has a regression... It's not fixed yet, but this workaround is good:

/etc/default/grub

edit

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi=\"Linux\" video=HDMI-A-1:e"

(video=HDMI-A-1:e being the workaround...) And don't forget to

sudo update-grub2

After reboot, HDMI port is visible to the system, and 2nd monitor works.


Slow speeds while copying large file in UBUNTU 18.04 Lts

Try this:

sudo echo $((64*1024*1024)) | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_bytes
sudo echo $((192*1024*1024)) | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/dirty_bytes

Also to ensure this fix stays after reboots add the following to your /etc/rc.local file, if it doesnt exist, create it.

echo $((64*1024*1024)) | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_bytes
echo $((192*1024*1024)) | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/dirty_bytes

Then make the rc.local file executable

chmod +x /etc/rc.local

Check everything works:

sudo systemctl restart rc-local
sudo systemctl status rc-local

Source:

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/107703/why-is-my-pc-freezing-while-im-copying-a-file-to-a-pendrive/107722#107722
https://blog.programster.org/fix-freezes-when-transferring-files
https://www.claudiokuenzler.com/blog/783/ubuntu-18.04-rc.local-file-not-exist-launch-with-systemd-rc-local


Rhythmbox missing from sound applet on tray after reinstall on uhuntu 12.04 gnome classic

Did you reinstall rhythmbox plugins?

sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugins

After that start rhythmbox and check your preferences under Edit->Plugins, and make sure that

Media Server2 D-Bus Interface
MPRIS D-Bus Interface

are checked. Then a reboot/logout may be necessary.


Multiple interfaces, each with their own IPv6 address

You would need new interfaces, all connected to the internet, in order to do this, and since it sounds like you're using a DigitalOcean VPS, you're better off seeing if they can add more virtual network adapters to your VPS. If they can, you can simple assign the ipv6 addresses to those.
A bridge combines two or more network connections. For instance, you might use a bridge on a laptop, between it's wireless and ethernet adapters, to allow the laptop to be used as a wireless adapter to whatever you then plug into the ethernet port. It doesn't break up the addresses in any way.
I am not 100% sure, but I do not believe that there is a way to do this from inside the VPS on the network adapter level.
I suppose the better question to ask would be, why are you trying to do this? I am asking so I can potentially help you avoid the XY Problem. If it's due to wanting to assign each of those addresses to a different service, vhosts on Nginx or Apache can listen on a specific address/domain name, as can HAProxy. That would, by far, be the better option. I can't think of what the benefit of having the addresses on separate adapters would be, aside from maybe network traffic monitoring. And even then, most of the time, that can be done per address.
So, depending on why you need these ipv6 addresses separated, if you are using DigitalOcean, or some other VPS provider, you would need to ask them to add more virtual network adapters to your VPS. They might say no. But explaining the situation may help, as from what it seems, you don't need additional ipv4 addresses on those adapters, just the adapters, which you can then configure with your ipv6 addresses.


Ubuntu stuck while installing - only wallpaper and cursor appear on desktop

The core problem is that you indicated that it gets to the desktop screen, but then 'hangs', and doesn't do anything after the logon sound triggers.

When booting from a LiveUSB or a LiveCD/DVD, the speed of reading data into memory from those devices is far slower than if it were actually installed on the hard drive.  Older systems had USB 1.1/2.0, which is far slower than USB 3.0/3.1 or Lightning/USB-C.  As a result, it can sometimes take a long time to actually load the desktop screen.

My suggestion is to wait.  If it takes over an hour to actually load the Live environment desktop screen or installer prompt, then you should be worried.  (From your comments however it took maybe 25 minutes, which is not atypical for older machines trying to run standard Ubuntu).


Bluetooth mouse cant connect after reboot

I figured out this problem with using bluetooth manager (blueman).You can install blueman  if you have this problem.


Are there any security issues with making my /etc/sudoers publicly readable?

My initial reaction was to say it's a bad idea. However, having looked at your specific personal sudoers file, I'd say, no; it looks pretty standard for an Ubuntu system. You're not exposing any of

specific software versions (that may have vulnerabilities)
non-standard usernames (though if I was a bad guy, I'd be trying 'josh' or 'joshua'

I quickly looked at the other config files in your GitHub repo and they seem fine -- for the moment! For the future, you'd have to very careful when changing your config files, always remaining conscious that such changes will be public.

In general, I'd prefer to use a private repo to save having to think about the possible ramifications of each and every change being committed. I have my own remote repos set up on my personal Ubuntu server for this reason but AIUI, Bitbucket provide free private repos.

Managing /etc

I don't actually store /etc files in my repos. For re-running changes to configuration files, I make those changes using sed commands, e.g., to automatically change the amount of information being reported by logwatch, I run:

sudo sed -i.bak "s/^Detail.*$/Detail = High/" /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf

To add an email alias for webmaster if one doesn't already exist, I run:

grep -i webmaster /etc/aliases || sudo sed -i.bak '1 a\webmaster:\troot' /etc/aliases

I also use a package called etckeeper to keep track of all changes to the /etc directory tree using git. However, so far I've only ever used it as a historical record for the system in question and as a means to roll back any changes to /etc which don't work out. It has an option to push its commit to a remote repo but haven't (yet) used it.

Other more complicated solutions (which I haven't yet got around to learning) are configuration management tools such as Chef or Puppet which can be used for quickly recreating system configurations.


printer samsung ml 1670 driverproblem and missing rastertosplc

Your question was already answer before (search for rastertosplc). I already solve the same problem I had with the same printer you mention.

Here a copy of the answer:
--There exist a symbolic link called rastertospl (note the missing 'c') in that directory (in my case /usr/lib/cups/filter). If you move to the directory in your terminal and execute "sudo ln -s rastertospl rastertosplc" everything should be fine (it got my Samsung ML 1675 to print immediately).--


This question already has an answer:

Touchpad not recognized on Asus N550JK - TP500L (FocalTech)

I finally came to this bug report: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1372609

It seems the FocalTech touchpad needs a specific driver, and that work is in progress to integrate it into the mainline kernel.

There is a PPA to get a dkms driver for this touchpad

After trying this, I can confirm the following procedure works :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/focaltech-dkms
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install focaltech-dkms

Reboot, and the touchpad in now recognized. Two finger scrolling works, for example. Also, the zone where the buttons are won't make the cursor move.

Thanks for the community that retro-engineered this (Asus just replied "no linux support nor technical information" to a request!

Credit goes to alci and heemayl


Laptop battery keeps discharging even after full charge (not switching to AC)

The AC adaptor is showing online, and the battery is discharging at zero rate.

The battery charging logic is not under OS control. One of the many independent microcontrollers in your laptop controls the battery (along with a corresponding microcontroller in the battery itself) decide when and how to charge. At worst, your OS would not be correctly interpreting the status that they report, but I wouldn't worry about the battery being ruined.

PS: If you are plugged in it does stay charged, right, it doesn't discharge?


Using apt-cache search shows us:

walt@bat:~(0)$ apt-cache search spim
spim - MIPS R2000/R3000 emulator
walt@bat:~(0)$ apt-cache search qtspim
walt@bat:~(0)$ apt-cache search qt_spim
walt@bat:~(0)$ apt-cache search qt_sdk
walt@bat:~(0)$ apt-cache search qt-sdk
qt-sdk - Complete Qt Software Development Kit

It seems the package you want is qt-sdk, not qt_sdk.


MAAS has a lot of packages and dependencies. The central package, maas, should probably depend on similarly versioned dependencies, but it seems that it's not packaged that way. I suspect this is failing because you're not upgrading all of MAAS, or at least this is an aggravating factor.

I always use sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade. Is there anything preventing you from updating all packages in the same way?

You could also try sudo dpkg-reconfigure maas-cluster-controller, but try upgrading everything first if you can.


On newer Ubuntu systems, name resolution is handled by the resolvconf service, and /etc/resolv.conf is a symbolic link to /run/resolvconf/resolv.conf. You can either add a bind mount to the /run filesystem along with your other bind mounts before executing the chroot command

sudo mount -o bind /run /mnt/run

so that the chroot system picks up the host system's DNS settings or, once you're in the chrooted system, temporarily create a static /etc/resolv.conf with nameserver(s) of your choice e.g.

echo 'nameserver 8.8.4.4' | sudo tee -a /etc/resolv.conf


How do I fix the Ubuntu Software Center with gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad?

Possibly you should have a app called software-properties-(gtk-kde).desktop.
Don't know why this has not been ported to gnome-control-center... I think in kde it exists in there(or equivalent).
Anyhow you should activate the source categories.. (you are allowed to install propietary software in Ubuntu)...
Or you can do it in ubuntu-software-center via a menu... cant remember exact name... Software Package Settings or so)


For now, if you wish to use the ubuntugis ppa with Ubuntu 18.04, you will need to use the unstable repo, not the stable one.  Remove (or comment out) the entries for the stable repo (probably in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntugis-ubuntu-ppa-bionic.list) and run the following (as per the ubuntugis wiki ) :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntugis/ubuntugis-unstable
sudo apt-get update


free wifi with web html login page - auto login?

You can perform this with the command POST :

POST http://[ADRESS]:[PORT]/ <<< 'auth_user=ID&auth_pass=PASSWORD&accept=Continue'

Then you just have to copy this script in the folder /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/. When your connect to a network with NetworkManager, it will pass the interface used in $1 and if this is a connect or disconnect in $2 to your script.

#!/bin/bash
if [ "$1 $2" = 'wlan0 up' ]
then
    essid=$(iwconfig wlan0 | grep -o 'ESSID:".*$' | sed 's/^ESSID:"\(.*\)".*$/\1/')
    case "$essid" in
        'Freewifi')
            POST http://[ADRESS]:[PORT]/ <<< 'auth_user=ID&auth_pass=PASSWORD&accept=Continue' ;;
        'Other')
            POST http://[ADRESS]:[PORT] <<< 'accept_cgu=1' ;;
    esac
fi

Be aware to fill all  required input in your form (sometimes there is security input and that can be really complicated to automate the connexion in a script).

That was a long time ago that I perform an script to perform this and I didn't test it.

Hope this answer help.


Deleted partition - accidentally screwed up other partitions?

So, I ended up having to reinstall both OSes from Live USB. (Ubuntu was very convenient to setup after SteamOS found its home on my SDD.)

Let the trouble I went through convince others to read manuals!


I've found the information, that full convergence is expected for 14.10 or 15.04 (ubuntu version that is)
I'd suppose full convergence will also include Desktop/Docking feature.


Installing Android with LG Skin on Aquaris B5 Ubuntu Edition

I don't know about Android LG but you can install Android 5.1 for Aquaris E5 from the BQ website:

    With the launch of the new Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu Edition, queries are coming in from many BQ users: Can I install the new operating system
    on my Aquaris E4.5 or E5? The good news is yes, you can, although the
    tactile button functionality will depend on which system we install on
    the device.

  If you want to install Ubuntu on an Aquaris E4.5 or E5 with Android,
  the tactile buttons on the screen will cease to functionality.

  However, if you have the Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu Edition and want to
  switch to Android, you will need to bear in mind that although the
  screen´s tactile buttons are hidden, they will continue to work in the
  same way as on the Aquaris E4.5 or E5. The only change is that they
  won´t light up when you switch on the device.

  Now we will look closely at the steps for carrying a hard reset of the
  device on both Linux and Windows.

  NB: This procedure can only be carried out on the Aquaris E4.5 and E5
  devices. It is not available for any other BQ device.

  Hard reset on Ubuntu

  NB: The tool is only available for the most widely used version of the
  Linux distribution, 12.04. However, by carrying out some additional
  steps, you can install it on the latest versions, 14. 04 and 14. 10.

  Download the necessary files

  To download the files, go to the Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu Editon or Aquaris
  E5 Ubuntu Edition pages if you want to install Ubuntu or the device or
  the Aquaris E4.5 Android or Aquaris E5 Android pages if you want to
  install Android. Download the necessary files for carrying out the HR
  from the relevant page. Press “Download” to launch the download of a
  file named “SP_Flash_Tool_exe_linux_v5.1424.00.zip”, that contains the
  drivers required for the computer to recognise the phone, as well as
  the hard reset tools + ADB Drivers. You will also need to download the
  firmware corresponding to your device. In this instance, download the
  current version of the hard reset firmware for either the Aquaris E4.5
  Ubuntu Edition or Aquaris E4.5 from the relevant page. NB: You will
  need to use a program like Win-RAR or 7-Zip to decompress the folders.

  Decompress the files needed to carry out the procedure

  Go to the folder containing the
  “SP_Flash_Tool_exe_linux_v5.1424.00.zip” file that you have
  downloaded. Double-click on this file, and a WinRAR dialogue box will
  open enabling you to decompress the contents. Press the “Extract”
  button on the menu bar at the top and it will ask you where you want
  to extract the files to. An ideal location is somewhere that is easy
  to find, such as your PC´s desktop. Press on “Accept” to start the
  decompression process.
  3. Execute the MTK Flash Tool.

  With the latest versions of Ubuntu (14.04 and 14.10), the
  “modemmanager” package installed on the computer is not compatible
  with the MTK Flash Tool, so you will need to uninstall it first. This
  package is used to control the modem connection via USB. Any user
  configuration file will be maintained after uninstalling and
  installing the package. This means that we can reinstall the current
  configuration if required after using the tool. The following steps
  are only necessary with the latest versions of Ubuntu. º We uninstall
  the package mentioned above using these commands:

  ♦sudo apt-get remove modemmanager

  Uninstall the package Uninstall the package ♦sudo service udev
  restartYou will be asked to enter your login password. A few command
  lines will appear asking if you want to continue. Type in Y (yes) and
  continue the process until it finishes

  Restart the udev service with out restarting the computer Restart the
  udev service with out restarting the computer ° This could cause the
  “cdc_acm” kernel module to be removed. You can check this by executing
  the following command.

  ♦lsmod | grep cdc_acm

  Check the kernel module Check the kernel module º If it returns an
  empty list, you will need to reinstall this module:

  ♦sudo modprobe cdc_acm

  Installing the cdc_acm module Installing the cdc_acm module You will
  be asked to enter your login password again.

  From here on, the following steps are universal for all Ubuntu
  versions: º Open the Ubuntu terminal and go to the directory of the
  folder containing the tool that we have just decompressed. If you have
  decompressed the folder on the desktop, the command to be executed in
  order to move to it will be as follows (bear in mind that the command
  will vary depending on which version of the tool you are using):

  ♦cd Escritorio/SP_Flash_Tool_exe_linux_v5.1424.00/

  Change to the folder of the tool Change to the folder of the tool º
  Once in the corresponding directory, we need to give the tool
  permission with the following commands:

  ♦chmod +x flash_tool

  ♦chmod +x flash_tool*

  Application permissions Application permissions º Now you are ready to
  execute it. Remember you must execute it as superuser with the “sudo”
  command. You will be asked to enter your login password.

  ♦sudo ./flash_tool.sh

  Command to execute the tool Command to execute the tool
  4. Preparing the MTK Tool Flash to carry out a hard reset

  Once the command is executed by device, the tool will be open. MTK
  Flash Tool MTK Flash Tool Press on the “Scatter-loading” button and
  you will see a dialogue box enabling you to select the firmware that
  you want to install on the phone (Ubuntu Edition or Android). In this
  case, go to the firmware folder that we decompressed earlier and
  select the text file that it contains, which will have a name similar
  to “MT6577_Android_scatter”, and then press “Open”. Selection window
  for the text file Selection window for the text file NB: to hard reset
  to Ubuntu, the file will have the same name.

  Select “Firmware Upgrade” from the pull-down menu and press the
  Download button. NB: Make sure that you have selected “Firmware
  Upgrade” correctly. Selecting another option from the pull-down menu
  could cause an irreversible system failure on your device.

  Carry out the hard reset

  Turn your phone off and connect it to your PC using the USB to
  micro-USB cable. When you connect it, the process will start. Wait
  until it has finished and a window with a green circle and the word OK
  will appear. Process completed correctly Process completed correctly
  Once this window has appeared, you can close it, disconnect your phone
  and then start it up as normal. NB: If there are any problems with the
  tool when starting the hard reset, simply try again, without closing
  the application. Close the dialogue box, confirm that the “Firmware
  Upgrade” option is selected and click on “Download”. If it fails the
  first time, subsequent attempts will work correctly.

  Windows

  Download the necessary files

  To download the files, go to the Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu Editon page to if
  you want to install Ubuntu or the device or the Aquaris E4.5 Android
  page if you want to install Android. Download the necessary files for
  carrying out the HR from the relevant page. Press on “Drivers and
  utilities” Press “Download” to launch the download of a file named
  “Drivers&Tools.rar”, that contains the drivers required for the
  computer to recognise the phone, as well as the hard reset tools + ADB
  Drivers. You will also need to download the firmware corresponding to
  your device. In this instance, download the current version of the
  hard reset firmware for either the Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu Edition or
  Aquaris E4.5 from the relevant page.

  NB: You will need to use a program like Win-RAR or 7-Zip to decompress
  the folders.

  Decompress the files needed to carry out the procedure

  Go to the folder containing the “Drivers&Tools.rar” file that you have
  downloaded. Double-click on this file, and a WinRAR dialogue box will
  open enabling you to decompress the contents. Press the “Extract”
  button on the menu bar at the top and it will ask you where you want
  to extract the files to. An ideal location is somewhere that is easy
  to find, such as your PC´s desktop. Press on “Accept” to start the
  decompression process. 3 folders will appear: º “Drivers ADB”:
  containing the ADB drivers.

  º “Drivers Hard Reset”: containing the drivers for the hard reset
  process.

  º “MTK Flash Tool”: containing the tool to carry out the procedure.

  File contents File contents
  3. Relocate the files to the corresponding place

  Move the folders that you decompressed (“Hard Reset Drivers” and “MTK
  Tool Flash”) to the root of your PC´s hard drive “C:/” Go to the
  firmware file and repeat the steps, decompressing and moving the
  firmware folder to the root of your PC´s hard drive. Folders in C
  Folders in C:
  4. Install the drivers

  Access the “Hard Reset Drivers” folder which we have placed in the
  root of your PC´s hard drive, and execute the “Install” or
  “Install.bat” file. Start the function in a DOS window
  “C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe”. It will ask for your permission to
  install immediately, it will warn you that the drivers are unsigned
  and ask if you still want to install them. Accept all until the DOS
  window tells you to press any key to continue. Installation of the
  drivers Installation of the drivers Installation process completed
  Installation process completed Make sure your phone is off and connect
  it so that the computer recognises it. Leave it connected for a few
  minutes, until it starts to the install the drivers.
  5. Prepare the MTK Tool Flash to carry out the hard reset

  If your phone is still connected from the previous step, disconnect it
  now. Go to the “MTK Tool Flash” folder that you placed in the root
  directory and execute the tool (“Flash_tool” or “Flash_tool.exe”).
  Press on the “Scatter-loading” button and you will see a dialogue box
  enabling you to select the firmware that you want to install on the
  phone (Ubuntu Edition or Android). In this case, go to the firmware
  folder that we decompressed earlier and select the text file that it
  contains, which will have a name similar to “MT6577_Android_scatter”,
  and then press “Open”. NB: to hard reset to Ubuntu, the file will have
  the same name.

  Select “Firmware Upgrade” from the pull-down menu and press the
  Download button. Prepare your tool Prepare your tool NB: Make sure
  that you have selected Firmware Upgrade correctly. Selecting another
  option from the pull-down menu could cause an irreversible system
  failure on your device.

  Carry out the hard reset

  Turn your phone off and connect it to your PC using the USB to
  micro-USB cable. When you connect it, the process will start. Wait
  until it has finished and a window with a green circle and the word OK
  will appear. Process completed correctly_win Process completed
  correctly

  Once this window has appeared, you can close it, disconnect your phone
  and then start it up as normal. If the hard reset process doesn´t
  start by itself when you connect the phone , check the next
  procedures. Attempt one step at a time, and if you don´t get it to
  work with the first one, then move on the next until you manage to get
  it to work: Check that the drivers have been correctly installed. To
  do this, go to the Devices Administrator and check that the phone is
  recognised when switched off and connected to the PC, (it does not
  appear with a yellow triangle, indicating that the driver has not been
  installed correctly). Change to different USB ports on your PC. If
  using a desktop computer, try connecting it to the ports at the back.
  Make sure that the phone has sufficient battery power, at least 30%.
  When you connect the phone, do it with the phone switched on, then
  switch it off so that the PC recognises it at that very moment.

Check this link as the source and pictures:

http://www.mibqyyo.com/en-articles/2015/09/17/ubuntu-android-installation-process-for-bq-aquaris-e4-5-and-e5/#/vanilla/discussion/embed/?vanilla_discussion_id=0


I have installed the google chrome but when i tried to lauch it on ubuntu 14.04 .it is not launching

The filename google-chrome-stable_current_amd64(2).deb implies that you have downloaded google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb THREE times. You'll want to clean that up.

In a terminal window, find out which files are part of the package with the

dpkg --contents google-chrome-stable_current_amd64(2).deb

Find the file with the .desktop extension, and copy it to the directory where your other .desktop files are.

Find the directory where your other .desktop files are, by

locate -r '.desktop$' | grep -E $HOME/\.config

Mine are in /home/w3/.config/cairo-dock/current_theme/launchers/, but YMMV.


How do I uninstall software that was installed with Wine?

I think that you are confusing a couple of things.
~/.local/share/applications/ and /usr/share/applications/ do not contain applications but desktop files. Summarizing a little bit these files tells Gnome where the app is installed, the name and the icon to show. Removing a desktop file only stops Gnome from showing the app but it still installed (is like remove a desktop shortcut on windows)
To remove Ubuntu apps you need to use "sudo apt remove PROGRAM_NAME" or use the graphic Ubuntu shop.
Windows app that you install using Wine are installed on "~/.wine" but the right way to remove then is by typing:
wine uninstaller

On the other hand I would say that part of the apps that you are showing came by default with wine, hence cannot be uninstalled. You can try to see if their desktop file is under ~/.local/share/applications and remove it to hide them but you cannot uninstall them without remove wine....


Schedule a Task-every 10 minutes: Fetch a URL 'https://site.com/folder/cron.php' fetched Status: 404 Output: File not found

The first thing I would recommend is to never manually edit the various crontab files on your computer unless you know exactly what you're doing. There's simply no need. This is also why the very first line in /var/spool/cron/crontabs is DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE.
Second, the 10 * * * * that you have means "run every hour at 10 minutes past the hour".
This is what you will need to do:

Restore your crontab files to what they were originally
Use crontab to set a new scheduled activity: sudo crontab -eNote: You may be asked for your admin password
Add the following line at the end of the file:

*/10 * * * * /usr/bin/wget --no-check-certificate -q "https://site.com/folder/cron.php" -O /root/cronout.txt

This is what's happening:

Element
Action

*/10 * * * *
Run every 10 minutes, every hour, every day, every week, every month

/usr/bin/wget
Use wget to call the PHP file

--no-check-certificate
Ignore the SSL certificate check (optional)

-q
Operate "quietly", not outputting all the usual status info

The URL
What to get

-O
Output to a file

/root/cronout.txt
The file to record the output to. If you do not want to keep the most current output, you can replace /root/cronout.txt with /dev/null

This should do what you need it to do.


How can I install Ubuntu on Acer Nitro 5?

You might like to try 18.04 LTS before trying 18.10 (non-LTS)

LTS means Long Term Support and can be considered to be more stable.
Especially if your problem could be hardware drivers. I'm curious how a LTS install would process.


How do you erase the ghost of a section of the HD?

I assuming your goal is to safely erase data from disk, the "wipe" utility which you can get from the repository allows you to safely clear files, partitions or entire disks.
If by "unused section" you mean unused space, and you want to preserve existing partitions, then you must first create a partition on the free space, and then wipe it with:

wipe -kD partition_dev_name

For more details about wipe chekck it's man page: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/maverick/en/man1/wipe.1.html


How does FDE (Full Disk Encryption) work so quickly?

How does AES / Rijndael Encryption in general work?

This page has a fun A Stick Figure Guide to the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) that looks easy to understand, though it looks to be 50+ images, for example these two:

and

It's far too much to duplicate it all here, but if you have to have an all-in-one image it's this one:

Or, there's a more compact explanation at http://www.password-depot.com/know-how/blowfish_and_rijndael.htm

  The Rijndael encryption method is based on replacing, changing and
  performing xor operations on bytes. The method looks like this:

  From the 128-bit key, Rijndael generates 10 keys of 128 bits each.
  These keys are placed into 4x4 arrays.
  The plain text is also divided into 4x4 arrays (128 bits each).
  Each of the 128-bit plain-text items is processed in 10 rounds (10 rounds for 128-bit-keys, 12 for 192, 14 for 256).
  After the 10th round the code is generated.
  Each single byte is substituted in an S box and replaced by the reciprocal on GF (2 8).
  Then a bit-wise modulo-2 matrix is applied, followed by an XOR operation with 63.
  The lines of the matrices are sorted cyclically.
  The columns of the matrix multiplication are interchanged on GF (2 8).
  The subkeys of each round are subjected to an XOR operation.

  The security level of this encryption method increases if Rijndael is
  performed several times with different subkeys.

How does Ubuntu's Full Disk Encryption work?

I believe it works by encrypting a partition with LUKS (default settings with AES), and then puts some volumes on it with LVM (like /, swap), and decrypts and mounts them at boot after you enter a passphrase. And there is a regular (not encrypted) boot partition that boots enough to ask for the passphrase.

the_simple_computer's Guide to Full Disk Encryption with Ubuntu (Updated June 28, 2015) says that's about how the default installer's encryption works, and mentions that dual-booting wouldn't work (at least not out-of-the-box), the drive must use MBR so "if your computer has UEFI, the distro will be installed in legacy BIOS mode so you can't use Secure Boot" and "also gives you a swap size equal to that of your system RAM (often unnecessary) and you have no choice over what kind of encryption is used."

How fast is encryption?

If you run cryptsetup benchmark it will run tests and tell you about how fast the encryption alone takes, watch for the (currently) default aes-xts lines:

#  Algorithm | Key |  Encryption |  Decryption
     aes-xts   256b    150.0 MiB/s    145.0 MiB/s

An average hard drive read speed could be 80-160 MB/s, so you won't be much longer than a regular read, and it's possible that the just-read sectors have already been decrypted while you're still be waiting for the hard drive to read more.

An SSD could possibly be faster, maybe 200-550MB/s, so you might notice  it. But, random reads could be slower, and I've read that SSD speeds can slow down after use (maybe when the drive fills up completely and it has to start "erasing" sectors?)

How can the computer completely encrypt/decrypt all of the drive in just a few seconds (it doesn't take longer to boot or to shut down)?

It doesn't have to decrypt everything first. The encryption (LUKS) works on blocks of data, can randomly decrypt any block, and acts like a layer between the drive's encrypted data and what the filesystem sees.

When the filesystem wants to see any block of data, LUKS decrypts that block first and then gives the decrypted data to the filesystem. You first wait for the drive to read the block of data (just like without using encryption), and only have an extra delay for the decryption of that single block (or few blocks) of data - and if the decryption is faster than the drive can read, the decryption could be finished before the drive reads the next block of data.

So just like a regular filesystem does not need to read the whole drive to read a file, when encryption is added it doesn't need to read the whole drive either, and it doesn't make things a lot slower.

The data on the hard drive is always encrypted, so there's nothing to do at shutdown except forget the key.

There's more details on Disk encryption theory on Wikipedia


how much bandwidth is currently used by network

The Resources tab  of the System Monitor (gnome-system-monitor) has a section for network usage:

System Monitor is installed by default.


Is there a ppa for nginx mainline with pagespeed?

Yup EasyEngine Dev build has Nginx Mainline with Google Page speed Support

http://software.opensuse.org/download.html?project=home%3ArtCamp%3AEasyEngine-dev&package=nginx


Wubi does not work with Windows 8, 8.1, or 10.  You will have to install Ubuntu on its own partition. Instructions here:
Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI


OpenGL: ~~ERROR~~ RuntimeException: No OpenGL context found in the current thread.

I get the above error when I change my screen resolution from the default. Changing it back to the maximum resolution fixes the problem.

I'm running Ubuntu 16.04 with OpenJDK 1.8.0_151 and Minecraft 1.12.2.


Error when I try to compile the kernel 2.6.37

I do this on a fairly regular basis. It's quite simple. I follow the "Old fashioned way" instructions. If you're not, read that from the beginning and make sure you have the right things installed. My steps are as follows:

Download kernel, extract it, and cd into the resultant directory.
Copy in the config from the running kernel:

cp -vi /boot/config-`uname -r` .config

Show the new config keys and set values (optional):

make oldconfig

Main config (if I need to change things, optional again):

make menuconfig

Compile and package:

env CONCURRENCY_LEVEL=8 fakeroot make-kpkg --initrd kernel-image kernel-headers


You could put those in a ...

/etc/chkrootkit.filter

When you put this in ...

^eth0: PACKET SNIFFER\(/sbin/dhclient\[[0-9]*\])$

it will ignore dhclient on eth0. Add this file to /etc/cron.daily/chkrootkit. Find ...

$CHKROOTKIT $RUN_DAILY_OPTS

with your favorite editor and change it into ...

$CHKROOTKIT $RUN_DAILY_OPTS | grep -v -f $FILTER || true

and (somewhere at the beginning) add ...

FILTER=/etc/chkrootkit.filter

after ...

CF=/etc/chkrootkit.conf

Before your start do a ...

./chkrootkit

It should show the false positive reference to dhclient and after editing this in run it again. The reference to dhclient should be gone.

Mind though: anything you add to this that does get infected you will no longer be warned about. So be careful with this kind of filtering. Better would be to have 'them' update their definitions.


What happened to the Installable Options when adding a printer?

Program for configuring printer is system-config-printer.

Try following in terminal or Alt+F2

$ system-config-printer


The jar file was copied without the resources it depends on. I resolved the problem by copying all the Java project on the right location.


X server on 15.10 keeps crushing and restarting at login

Cairo.Surface leaks are all over your logs as well as some other Docky failures covering the top-most parts of your logs, it sounds irrational but try running without it. If you're not running Docky then it may be that something else is looking for Cairo.Surface and other libraries/icons but it's a good place to start. If it's crashing upon login and you're logging in from an X interface then it has to be something loaded after the user, of course.


From the above thread

Edit /etc/default/grub , you may need to boot to recovery mode to make the edit.

# Command line
sudo -e /etc/default/grub

# Graphical
gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

Edit the "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=" to look lilke this

  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="i8042.reset i8042.nomux i8042.nopnp i8042.noloop"

Update grub

sudo update-grub

Reboot

If that does not solve the problem I suggest you file a bug report.

How do I report a bug?


Online accounts-Facebook account showing in hindi language

Your language setting seems to have become inconsistent somehow. To fix it, go to System Settings -> Language Support, change the language to something else, and then change it back to English. Next time you log in your system ought to be completely in English.


The file extension in Linux is nothing special, it is just a part of the file name. The file globbing of the the shell uses * for all characters so you can just use chmod a+x * instead of .


What you want is a setting in apache configuration and is called "Directory Listings".

You can use ...

<Directory /var/www/html/documents/>
  Options +Indexes
</Directory>

to make a directory listing for "/var/www/html/documents/".

You can use ...

IndexIgnore *tmp

to exclude files ending in tmp.

A special header and footer can be created with ...

HeaderName header.html
ReadmeName footer.html

You can also use styling with ...

IndexOptions FancyIndexing HTMLTable
IndexStyleSheet /css/autoindex.css

In you installation there should be an example inside (it also shows how to add icons to a listing):

./conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf

Also see ...

http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#directory

Here is a custom directory ...

http://adamwhitcroft.com/apaxy/


What software needed to view this website?

you need to install the java plugin for your web navigator.

If you use OpenJDK, try to install the IcedTea plugin : sudo apt-get install icedtea-plugin
Then, it will be available for all web browsers (firefox, chrome, chromium).

If you use the JDK from Sun, it will be a little more complicated (problem of licensing, bless the Oracle lawyers :( ), because it is no more packaged for debian/ubuntu. You'll have to download the jdk directly from Oracle/Sun website and install it as explained here.
If you have Google Chrome (or if you want to make the plugin available for all users), try something like this :
 ln -s /path/to/the/official/jre/lib/your_arch/libnpjp2.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libnpjp2.so


finding path to libgsl2:i386 in ubuntu 16.04LTS

The which command finds executable files along the PATH.  The packages you just installed sound like libraries, which I don't think are executable files (but I could be wrong).  The answer to this question describes how to find the location of the actual library files that you just installed.


Where is the VirtualBox installation folder on Ubuntu?

The guest additions iso is in /usr/share/virtualbox/VBoxGuestAdditions.iso
(if you installed the virtualbox-guest-additions-iso package).

How do I know this?

This command:

dpkg -L virtualbox-guest-additions-iso

lists all the files that the virtualbox-guest-additions-iso package installs and where they are located.
You can do this for any package you have installed.

You can also use the Synaptic Package Manager to get this information graphically.

To install the guest additions:

Just boot the virtual machine, and when it gets to the desktop open the Devices menu, click Install Guest Additions CD Image... and follow the instructions.


Intel HDA (Realtek ALC887) Audio stutter

I did eventually find the problem - the card was configured for 24-bit samples, but alsa was outputting 16-bit samples (hence the weirdness). So far, the only remedy was to boot windows, change the card to 16-bit, then reboot ubuntu.

edit: well that works until the machine goes into standby, then the old problem is back.
I give up.

edit2: Eventually upgraded the kernel from 3.13 to 3.14. Audio fixed.


Can I use a memory card to boot ubuntu ISO file to install it on my pc?

Running Ubuntu from Memory Card

In Ubuntu you can install an ISO to Memory Card or to bootable USB using Startup Disk Creator, from the Live DVD or using mkusb: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb, MultiBootUSB also works well: http://multibootusb.org/.

In Windows you can install Ubuntu to Memory Card using Rufus: https://rufus.ie/, UNetbootin: https://unetbootin.github.io/, MultiBootUSB: http://multibootusb.org/ and Universal: https://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ to name a few.

You can also Fully install Ubuntu to Memory Card or USB the same as to internal HDD: How to Create a Full Install of Ubuntu 20.04 to USB Device Step by Step. But a Full install is not much use when installing Ubuntu.

Most computers newer than eight years old will boot Ubuntu from Memory Card.


I’d suggest using

sudo apt install proxychains

Features:

Access Internet from behind restrictive firewall
Source IP masquerade
SSH tunneling and forwarding
Dynamic LAN-to-LAN VPN channel
Servers and daemons friendly (works fine with sendmail MTA)

You will also need to install a Tor relay.

Lastly,

Edit the proxychains.conf file at the bottom and change sock4 to sock5


Can I simulate the Intel Bay Trail processor cstate crash?

The firmware test suite contains a cstates test that tries to exercise C-states, it may be something to try:

sudo apt-get install fwts
fwts cstates -


Huawei 303 3g dongle not recognized as modem Ubuntu 10.04

You need to install usb_modeswitch  to switch the device from storage to modem mode. It should recognise your device as soon as you plug it in the next time with the current version (which isn't the one in the Ubuntu repositories, but it may still work). If not, I'll translate http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/USB_ModeSwitch#Huawei-Sticks, since I didn't find an English version of this.


You don't appear to really need a "server" if the shared files are going to be kept on the D-Link NAS.  You would be installing the applications (such as LibreOffice, Acrobat, etc) on each of the "clients", not on a central server.

In theory you could set up a headless PXE boot environment where the clients acted as thin clients - google LTSP, Linux Terminal Server Project for details - but this is almost certainly going to be be both overkill and considerably more complex to get running than your stated experience level sounds compatible with.  (Feel free to prove me wrong, get started, and come back later with specific questions about an LTSP project you've made some headway on! :)


For your part of the question :

  if I create custom icon, how can I detect which theme is active (I
  suppose I need to have dark and light icon version) and render
  appropriate icon? What is with other themes, looks like it's hard to
  support all of them?

you can use "gtk-theme-name"  property defined in  GtkSettings class to get the name of the theme which is being active.

For further information for GtkSettings check this


Add setting of cmake into CMakeLists.txt:

SET(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -no-pie")
SET(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -no-pie")


How to let ubuntu ignore a internal hard-drive when start up?

you could define an udev rule to unmount the drive after startup, or edit an existing rule in your .rules directory to not even mount it.

Here is some information about udev an the possibilieties you have, and an introduction to rulewriting:
http://www.reactivated.net/writing_udev_rules.html


Xfce Power Manager on Xubuntu 13.10 doesn't work

for the problem of it suspending when it should not be upon closing of the lid, i believe that editing

/etc/systemd/logind.conf,

changing the following line to read as such:

HandleLidSwitch=ignore

fixed it for me.


Moving Deja Dup Backups From Dropbox to Ubuntu One

Déjà-Dup saves his files in a normal folder, so I believe that you can do following:

1) create a folder on Ubuntu One with the web interface
2) upload all your Déjà-dup files (from dropbox) to Ubuntu One in the new folder
3) set Déjà-dup client to save the backups on Ubuntu One in the folder you created on step 1

I have not tried this myself but I don't see why this shouldn't work.


How to install Xaw package with header files?

TL;DR  install missing package by running
sudo apt-get install libxaw7-dev

There is a pattern on how ubuntu packages are named ... useful feature is ability to search for libraries ... you need Xax with header files ... packages giving headers usually end with -dev ... at a terminal search by issuing :
apt-cache search  Xaw  # libraries tend to start with lib and end with dev

here I put those restrictions all on same line
apt-cache search  Xaw | grep lib | grep -i Xaw | grep dev

output
libxaw7-dev - X11 Athena Widget library (development headers)
libxaw3dxft8-dev - Extended version of Xaw3d with support for UTF8 (Development files)

pick from above listing the closest ... which is
libxaw7-dev  # desired package - starts with lib has xaw ends with dev

so issue this to install
sudo apt-get install libxaw7-dev

once installed issue this to list files contained in package (to see header files)
 dpkg -L libxaw7-dev


How to manage two video cards on a laptop (ATI and Intel)?

I know this is not a concrete answer, but I've found a couple links that might be able to help you out:

1. Ubuntu Documentation for Hybrid Graphics

2. Ubuntu forums discussion on the topic.

3. This one is for users with less experience in kernels etc.

I had found other links late last year - if I can find the articles again I will add them to my answer :)


You need to have the file changed with the address you want then run

sudo service networking restart
or
sudo /etc/init.d/network restart

MORE INFO

The reason that you don't see the new address when you update the file is that it is not dynamic. That file is read one time at startup with the addresses sent to the network controller and not updated until the networking service has been restarted again.

Additionally, if your system has NetworkManager installed (all new versions of ubuntu do by default) then you will need to use the graphical network setting editor. The files that appear when you do a manual configuration are not those used by NetworkManager. You also need to restart networking using the same interface. (usually just right click on the network icon in the task bar and hit turn off network)


Unable to detect wifi network in Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS

Please try:

sudo rm -rf rtlwifi_new
git clone -b extended https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git
cd rtlwifi_new
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rtl8723de

Post any errors, please.

We cloned the 'extended' branch of the git. Mr. Finger currently maintains nine branches for this driver suite. He adds and deletes branches from time to time. Therefore, not every answer posted on every forum will be valid forever.


How do I set up a Blackberry as a modem without desktop software?

I would suggest that you enable WiFi mobile hotspot on your blackberry. As per the bellow link. Then connect via wifi.

http://mobile.pcadvisor.co.uk/how-to/mobile-phone/3441342/use-blackberry-as-mobile-wi-fi-hotspot/


How do I install vmware workstation 11? (the install window won't appear)

Since you have the modules installed, (Note: As per A.B).  Here is how I installed VMWare 11:

Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo su -c "apt-get install open-vm-tools open-vm-tools-dev open-vm-dkms open-vm-toolbox gcc build-essential"
sudo su
chmod +x ./VMware*11*.bundle
./Vmware*11*.bundle


Can't install Deepin Software Center.deb

You have downloaded the deb file in a directory but running this command in a different directory. The easiest way to install  this software is just double click the deb file.

And the precise answer to this question is go to the directory where you downloaded the deb file. Say you have downloaded in /home/Heavyonion/Downloads

cd /home/Heavyonion/Downloads
sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb

Or

sudo dpkg -i /home/Heavyonion/Downloads/package_file.deb

You can always check if a file exists or not by

ls /home/Heavyonion/Downloads/package_file.deb

Check this - http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/01/how-to-run-the-linux-deepin-software-centre-in-ubuntu/


Trying to find google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h

See https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/amd64/libprotoc-dev/filelist

/usr/include/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h
/usr/include/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h
/usr/include/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.h
/usr/include/google/protobuf/compiler/importer.h
/usr/include/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.h
/usr/include/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h
/usr/include/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h
/usr/include/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h
/usr/include/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto
/usr/include/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.h
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libprotoc.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libprotoc.so
/usr/share/doc/libprotoc-dev

So that would be libprotoc-dev


Enable middle mouse button touchpad emulation for xubuntu 18.04 on Dell XPS 15

This can be achieved in an Xorg config file. First create the directory /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d and copy 70-synaptics.conf over from /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/

sudo mkdir /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d
sudo cp  /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/70-synaptics.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/

Then change it to

Section "InputClass"
        Identifier "touchpad catchall"
        Driver "synaptics"
        MatchIsTouchpad "on"
        MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"

        Option          "TapButton1"            "1"
        Option          "TapButton2"            "3"     # multitouch
        Option          "TapButton3"            "2"     # multitouch
EndSection

This blog post explains the new layout of the X11 config files:

  The /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d is for the Distro's and you are not
  suppose to muck with stuff in there. Instead the user is suppose to put
  custom files in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d. You may need to create that directory. The .conf files in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d run after the ones in
  /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d so they control or override anything in /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d. Despite that I still usually number them a bit higher. So if I'm modifying the 50-wacom.conf in /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d I'll call the custom .conf file in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d 52-wacom.conf. Maybe a bit of overkill.

For explanations on the available options, see the debian wiki


Script to execute specifically on login from suspend on 16.04

Scripts in /etc/systemd/system-sleep/ are running as root who isn't signed into X11 windowing system. So it needs to inherit profile from logged in user.

From eyesome screen brightness and gamma app this works for me:

#!/bin/bash

export DISPLAY=:0       # For xrandr commands to work.
SpamLength=2            # How long spam lasts (how many seconds to sleep)

WaitForSignOn () {

    # eyesome daemon is loaded during boot. The user name is required
    # for xrandr external monitor brightness and gamma control. We must
    # wait until user signs on to get .Xauthority file settings.

    TotalWait=0

    # Wait for user to sign on then get Xserver access for xrandr calls
    UserName=""
    while [[ $UserName == "" ]]; do

        sleep "$SpamLength"
        TotalWait=$(( TotalWait + SpamLength ))

        # Find UserName currently logged in.
        UserName="$(who -u | grep -F '(:0)' | head -n 1 | awk '{print $1}')"
    done

    logger "Waited $TotalWait seconds for $UserName to login."

    xhost local:root
    export XAUTHORITY="/home/$UserName/.Xauthority"

} # WaitForSignOn

You can copy the above code into the top of your script and then insert one line in front of your existing code:

WaitForSignOn


nmcli creates new wifi profiles everytime I connect

I found a solution for this. Instead of using this command to disconnect

nmcli device disconnect iface ap2ap_data

I use

nmcli connection delete id ap2ap_data

This way it deletes the current profile before connecting again and creating a new profile.


Unable to Mount Seagate Array from Iomega

to access terminal, click on dash and type in terminal in the search bar that opens. To mount the Array try the following command once you find and open terminal.

sudo mount -t Array /dev/sdf2 /media/"Portable HD"

if it mounts than you should be good to go. If it doesn't mount your Array may be too far gone to recover without the use of a data recovery service.