Reduce boot time between grub menu and login screen

Although e4rat documentation says "Users of SSD drives do not benefit because there are no moving parts and thus (almost) no disk latency" I'll bet you are using HDD not SSD, aren't you? Because the time you provided is even more than one (1) minute, I assume it is HDD.

You asked a enough wide question which touches different approaches and methods of optimization. One of them is using SSD and ut brings performance and boot time which you desire.


How to install mysql, mysql workbench on Ubuntu 14.04

Try, at this order:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server
sudo apt-get install mysql-client
sudo apt-get install mysql-workbench

Worked just fine for me!


Keeping installed packages across dist upgrade

(comment to answer)

IIRC 3rd party PPAs are disabled during Upgrades and if their packages conflict with the new ones they will be removed. – Uri Herrera Nov 13 '11 at 18:29


Recovering from partial upgrade precise to saucy

After trying a lot of different commands to install the missing packages or to force the upgrade, I realized that my system was a mess and too unstable, being in a state between precise and saucy.

So if you have the same problem, I suggest you what I did: don't bother you with this and simply make a clean reinstallation of your system by upgrading to trusty:

Burn the iso of the distribution you want to a CD (I chose Ubuntu 14.04 LTS desktop).
Don't forget to do a backup of your data and of the installed packages with sudo dpkg --get-selections > packages_list in case something goes wrong.
Boot from your LiveCD and choose Upgrade from precise to saucy (t will try to keep all your data, packages, etc.)
After the upgrade, check the list of your previous installed packages and manually install those you want.
In trusty you don't have the 32 bit-libraries and ia32-libs is deprecated, so in case you want to run 32bit-executables, you might find a solution here:
http://www.ubuntuask.com/q/answers-64bit-ubuntu-14-04-running-32bit-binaries-454253.html


I can't remove genymotion. Nothing works

Edit: I found the official solution from the Genymotion website:
Remove all virtual devices using from Genymotion (unfortunately, you deleted VirtualBox, so simply delete the disk images within your installation folder.

Delete Genymotion installation directory by running
sudo rm -r ~/genymotion (if installed in your home directory).

Delete Genymotion data directories by running

sudo rm -fr ~/.Genymobile ~/.config/Genymotion.

Change the folder paths based on where they are. Show hidden files with Ctrl-H in Nautilus.

It should be perfectly safe to remove the .bin files on your desktop.


I found an older post indicating that this chipset is not supported, but that you might be able to use a windows driver for the wifi card.  You can follow the path at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/Driver/Ndiswrapper


About the ones you listed, I can tell you that you most likely don't want to disable:

ondemand
apparmor and
grub-common

ondemand is your cpu governor, and without it your CPU will run at full speed all of the time, even when it doesn't have to.

apparmor is an access control system that protects your system, see the link for more info.

grub-common is the boot loader, and I'm not exactly sure why it is starting on boot, but you probably don't want to disable it.

You might disable kerneloops, it is something of a bug reporting software from what I can gather. Although if you run into a kernel bug, I am pretty sure you will want it enabled.

Honestly removing service in order to "speed up" your system won't do you that much good, unless there's something you know you don't need for a server, like bluetooth. Googling services can help with telling you want they do though.


Islamic calendar has appearerd after ubuntu 20.04 updgrade

The calendar shown on your screenshot is created by hijra-applet.
To remove it use commands below:
sudo apt-get remove hijra-applet
sudo apt-get autoremove


You can use sed for that:

sed -n '/if/,/endif/p' myfile

-n don't print anything until we ask for it
/if/ find the first line with this
, keep going until...
/endif/ this is the last line we want
p print the matched lines


nVidia GeForce 8500GT + Old Monitor = Low resolution

You could try this. This is all from the top of my head. So please be patient.

XORG WAY

When booting go to the GRUB Menu (Pressing ESC or leaving SHIFT pressed should do the trick).
Select the "Recovery" version of the option you always load. For example if you always load Ubuntu 3.0.16 then there must be a Ubuntu (Recovery) 3.0.16 below it as an option. Select that one.
You will get to a menu that asks what do you want to do next. Select root in terminal.
Type X -configure. This will create a new xorg.conf file.
Test this new xorg file by typing X -config xorg.conf.new this should open a window with a resolution. If you see the mouse it works. If it gives an error then stop there since this is not the way. To escape press CTRL+C.
If it worked then copy the new xorg.conf.new file to where the old xorg.conf. For example cp xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf.
Type startx to see your new resolutions before rebooting the PC.
If all is as it should be, you can safely reboot the PC and enjoy the new view.

NVIDIA WAY

Go to the terminal, does not matter where you are and type sudo nvidia-xconfig
Reboot. The nvidia tool should have done several checks to see the monitor and resolutions supported.

NOTE - In your case try the NVIDIA Way first since you have an Nvidia card already. This was done with a Markvision 1994 14' monitor that supports 1024x768 but somehow in Linux supports 1280x1024@50. How in the world. Don't ask me.


Installing Ubuntu on a blank SSD coming from Windows 10

You can run a live session to get the feeling of how Ubuntu will work when installed, how the hardware is supported (or not) out of the box, without actually installing or making changes. For that you can use a few different tools to prepared the USB stick.

Rufus is good but pay attention to the options: Select GPT/UEFI before burning the ISO. The reason is ASUS X456UF has UEFI instead of the old BIOS, booting and installing in UEFI mode is preferable. Also recommended and related to this "UEFI vs BIOS" theme is to open UEFI settings and disabling any CSM/Legacy options (the factory installed Windows 10 is surely in UEFI mode but the typical configuration of most manufacturers in UEFI is "UEFI+CSM" - allowing for both UEFI and Legacy modes - and this tend to confuse users and led them inadvertently to boot in Legacy/BIOS mode sometimes).

Once confirmed - live session - the computer is working as it should then go ahead, replace the drive, boot the Ubuntu USB stick and use the default settings to install. It should work fine but if not, like after installing it doesn't boot / complains about the boot device, etc., a word of advice: Do nothing! Come back here and post a new specific question. Do not be tempted to follow some random advice from the internetz because more often than not well meaning advice from many pages is outdated, not applicable or completely wrong.


Low screen resolution but no xorg.conf file

The nVidia GTX670 (reference board) requires proprietary drivers v. 367 or newer. The nvidia-304 you have/had installed doesn't support this card as is meant for legacy hardware only.

Purge and install a correct driver:

sudo apt purge nvidia*

(don't forget the "*")

Now open Settings -> Software Properties (or Software & Updates) -> Additional drivers -or- search "Additional drivers" in the dash.

Select the recommended nvidia driver (must be v. 367 or higher, the picture is for illustration only) and Apply Changes . Reboot.

Considering the drivers offered in 16.04 aren't working as desired, a new repository (PPA) should be added

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update

sudo apt purge nvidia*
sudo apt install nvidia-378

-or-

sudo apt install nvidia-381

Fully update: sudo apt full-upgrade


One way to check if getty has been corrupted (of which we are already pretty sure) is to check it's md5sum against the md5sum of an uncorrupted getty. For this we need live media.

Boot a liveCD (or DVD, USB, SD, or whatever). Click "Try Ubuntu". Once the desktop loads you will need to mount the hard drive partition that has Ubuntu on it (you should be able to do this from Nautilus, just click on the drive name/size and it'll automount).

Once you have your Ubuntu partition mounted you'll need to find out where it was mounted. Mine was mounted under /media/ubuntu/XXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX. Once that's accomplished, open a terminal and navigate to /sbin:

cd /sbin

This is where the getty executable resides. Now run:

md5sum getty

You should get a 32 character string of alpha-numeric characters followed by the word "getty". This is the md5sum of the LiveCD's getty.  Now move to your ubuntu installation's /sbin folder:

cd /media/ubuntu/XXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX/sbin

Replacing /media/ubuntu/XXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX with the location that your Ubuntu partition is mounted at (it should be similar). Now run

md5sum getty

Again. The output this time is for the getty on your system. If the md5sums don't match then one of the gettys is corrupted.

If the md5sums don't match, let's replace the getty on your system with the getty on the liveCD:

cp /sbin/getty /media/ubuntu/XXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX/sbin

Restart your system and try the ttys again. Of course, there could be more corrupted than just the getty executable so this might not completely solve the problem.

For reference the md5sum of my getty is

ef47463b761005305c9cb42a38183095

And remember, it's always best to sleep the laptop before moving it around.


Install Method "Something Else" unsable device

In the short answer yes. You need to make sure the raw free space is not overlapping the other drives. That is why it says up usable. I would go into that pick one of the 20 go sets delete that partition the rest set it in the something else disk menu  just use the plus and minus to do it but be extremely careful only only do it to the free space you intend to install Ubuntu Linux on. Hope this helps.


Authentication key isn't automatically imported when adding a PPA

If you add the ppa from the command line it will automatically import the key for you.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:user/package


You do not install core Ubuntu+1 software in a current release. For something like VLC you could install from source or a 3rd party bleeding edge PPA but if you want to test something as Unity 7.3 you need to install vivid in virtual box or vmware.

Installing Unity 7.3 into a current release will pull in every bit of software that is Vivid. Effectively making your system Vivid.

I also assume you meant to install it and not download.

If you do actually want to download it you can from the launchpad page. Or directly version 7.3.2 (md5: 7e9d53d4bc84314d068113e8c981b9aa unity-7.3.2.tar.bz2)


Two finger scrolling on asus Zenbook ux303ln

If this command

dmesg | grep pnp

gives output of FLT0101, FLT0102, or FLT0103, you have a Focaltech touchpad.

If you have Ubuntu 15.04, then install touchpad driver

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/focaltech-dkms
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install focaltech-dkms

Touchpad will work normally after reboot.

This will also work for Ubuntu 14.04, but will pull 3.19 kernel.

UPDATE: These touchpads are now supported by the 4.2 kernels.
The kernel can be installed by

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-wily

The Focaltech driver from the PPA should be removed.


Using keyring to automatically authenticate with wget

SOLVED!

I use the following command to get my password from the key ring

password=`keyring get GUC mohamed.ezzatmahmoud`

where GUC is the name of the keyring object

the i use the password as shown in the question.


Installed Ubuntu 14.04 on same HDD as Windows 7, Windows 7 won't boot

You can try Hirens Boot CD (http://www.hirensbootcd.org/download/)

The CD has lots of tools to fix boot problems.

One significant is that you can boot from a selected partition and by this you can test if your Windows partitions still works.

If it still works I would recommend you to try fixing GRUB.
GRUB is the first thing that start when the computer boot when Ubuntu is installed.

There is 2 solutions here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=24113

You can also try to fix the master boot record (MBR) with tools on Hirens CD.

I prefer to fix GRUB as I have had success doing so and you will get a nice booting menu where you can select between Ubuntu and Windows.


Will all applications work fine on 64-bit Ubuntu?

*Most applications work just fine in a 64-bit OS. I haven't actually run across any that don't, but as soon as I say all applications one is bound to pop up.

As to your 8GB RAM point. Unless you have processes that take more than 4GB of RAM then a 32-bit OS with the PAE kernel will address all 8GB of your RAM.


The manpages for headers from the /usr/include/sys tree are apparently prefixed by sys_

$ dpkg -L manpages-posix-dev | grep 'sys_'
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_ipc.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_mman.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_msg.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_resource.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_select.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_sem.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_shm.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_stat.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_statvfs.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_time.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_timeb.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_times.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_types.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_uio.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_un.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_utsname.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_wait.h.7posix.gz
/usr/share/man/man7/sys_socket.h.7posix.gz

So to see the manpage for sys/types.h, you would use

man sys_types.h

NAME
       sys/types.h - data types

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/types.h>


How to escape from rhythmbox party mode?


This seems to be a bug in ubuntu 11.10 ,what you need to do is install a software synpatiks from software center...it helped me..try it.if mouse is not working then install via command line. press CTRL+ALT+T and then

sudo apt-get install synaptiks

try it


Problems with compiling ImageMagick with heic

Hopefully me struggling for way too long getting mogrify up and running will help someone else.

Compiling imagemagick with HEIC support from clean install of Ubuntu:

$ sudo sed -Ei 's/^# deb-src /deb-src /' /etc/apt/sources.list
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf git-core
$ sudo apt-get build-dep imagemagick libde265 libheif
$ cd /usr/src/
$ sudo git clone https://github.com/strukturag/libde265.git
$ sudo git clone https://github.com/strukturag/libheif.git
$ cd libde265/
$ sudo ./autogen.sh
$ sudo ./configure
$ sudo make –j4
$ sudo make install
$ cd /usr/src/libheif/
$ sudo ./autogen.sh
$ sudo ./configure
$ sudo make –j4
$ sudo make install
$ cd /usr/src/
$ sudo wget https://www.imagemagick.org/download/ImageMagick.tar.gz
$ sudo tar xf ImageMagick.tar.gz
$ cd ImageMagick-7*
$ sudo ./configure --with-heic=yes
$ sudo make –j4
$ sudo make install
$ sudo ldconfig
$ mogrify --version
# heic should appear in the Delegates line

Additional References:

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-imagemagick-7-on-ubuntu-18-04-linux

https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/issues/1470

https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/blob/master/README.md

https://github.com/strukturag/libde265/blob/master/README.md


Status of Ubuntu for Lenovo Thinkpad Yoga

In my experience, Ubuntu boots fine, however not without issue.

Issues: (as of ubuntu 14.10)

Installation: As with all laptops with Windows 8, (pre-installed), UEFI can be a bit of a pain when installing, but this guide should get you through that with no issue.

Touch Screen: Touch screen works, but there is no multi-touch or scroll support. So for example, when you drag your finger down a website, normally the site would scroll, on Ubuntu it simply clicks the screen repeatedly. This includes the unity dash, which is odd as the interface seems quite touch optimized, but in reality is not.

Rotation: The hinge rotation causes no issues, however the trackpad does not disable itself upon rotation. The accelerometer is not supported as far as I know, so automatic screen rotation does not work either.

Function Keys: The basic function keys work, however not all of them if I remember correctly. The volume rocker and power button on the side of the laptop work, however the screen lock button does not.

NVIDIA Discrete Graphics: Doesn't work out of the box, and will not switch automatically based on the open application, but can be used. Installing nvidia-331 through the Ubuntu repositories will install the necessary drivers, as well as an Nvidia settings panel that includes the option that will allow you to switch between the low power Intel graphics and the NVIDIA graphics card. This does require you to log out and back in to restart the X server before it will take effect.

It's been a few months since I ran stock Ubuntu, so some of these things may have changed, however that was my experience.

My current setup: I'm currently running Ubuntu Gnome 14.10. Although I much prefer cinnamon or unity, I found Gnome to have by far the most support for the Yoga 14. Gnome is fully touch optimized, so things like scrolling and dragging around windows with touch work flawlessly, as well as two finger scroll and other gestures on the trackpad. All of the function keys on the keyboard work fine, including the function lock, mute key + indicator light, internal mic mute + light, and the trackpoint. It also has fantastic HDPI display support, so everything looks great on the 1080p display of the Yoga, more so than Windows 8.1, which has a huge amount of applications that are either normal size and blurry, or clear but extremely tiny. The trackpad still does not auto-disable however, and auto-rotation does not work, although I am working on finding a fix to that, as manual display rotation is available in the settings and the touch screen correctly rotates its touch points to the screen orientation. The NVIDIA driver can be installed in the same way.

I'm currently running Windows 8.1 on the internal HDD for the few left over things I still need it for, and its slightly better rotation and touch support, and I've disabled the SSD cashing and have installed Gnome on the 16GB SSD. This setup works great for me, however this may not be optimal if you plan on using linux as your daily driver. Due to this setup, I can't comment on the support for SSD cashing within Ubuntu.

Update in response to question, as of 3/26

Yes I use this configuration for regular work, and keep windows around more for entertainment purposes. 16 GB is a little small, and I store a lot of the larger data on the HDD and access it from linux, so 8GB might be a bit too small for regular work. I've been having some issues with Windows freezing at certain points like logging in, but those issues happened before my install of linux so it is probably not the cause. Other than those issues, the only slow down I've noticed vs with the cashing is slower boot time and the locational application launch taking longer than usual. Linux remains miles faster than Windows in either configuration however. My experience with Windows 8.1 has been that surprisingly, it works quite well with the yoga form factor, but the various freezes, restart requiring bugs, and general slowness make it a bit of a pain to use vs linux. If not for the half baked touch support in linux currently, I would switch full time in an instant.

Update as of 4/7/15

16 GB proved to be too small for my main OS, so I have now repartitioned my drive to contain a windows partition, shared data partition for documents, movies, and music, and a Linux partition and I have gone back to using the SSD for Windows Caching. I have created two simple scripts that disable/enable the trackpad that I use through launchers to easily toggle tablet mode. user1941046's scripts below this seem to be much more comprehensive than mine, however I have not tried them, so I can't give input on their effectiveness on Ubuntu Gnome. I have not run into any additional issues relating to the Thinkpad Yoga 14 hardware.


Is Python installed: (Raspberry Pi Ubuntu)

The program /usr/bin/python is Python 2.x which is not installed by default. You need to use python3 instead.


I Have the same problem. I solve using this comand:
sudo update-alternatives --config java
and choosing this version : /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-armhf/jre/bin/java   1081      modo manual
You can get more info in this link :
https://phoenixnap.com/kb/install-java-raspberry-pi


According to your notebook's manual you do have UEFI but no Secure Boot (which was added in UEFI 2.2).

Try to install Ubuntu without disabling Secure Boot.

If you have any problems booting or installing Ubuntu, please update your question with more information about your problem (for example the errors you're getting).


How can I make the Ubuntu 17.04 login screen look like Mac OSX?

Based on the instructions in the link I provided in the comments, here is how I installed and configured it on my system:

Install git (if not installed).  sudo apt install git
Installed webkit-greeter (if not installed).  sudo apt install lightdm-webkit-greeter
cd ~/Downloads
git clone https://github.com/Wattos/LightDM-Webkit-MacOSX-Theme
cd LightDM-Webkit-MacOSX-Theme/
sudo mkdir -p /usr/share/lightdm-webkit/themes/mac
If /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf does not exist, sudo bash -c 'echo "[SeatDefaults]" >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf'
sudo bash -c 'echo "greeter-session=lightdm-webkit-greeter" >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf'
sudo cp -rv * /usr/share/lightdm-webkit/themes/mac
sudo sed -i 's/webkit-theme=default/webkit-theme=mac/' /etc/lightdm/lightdm-webkit-greeter.conf
sudo reboot

Now when my greeter comes up it looks just like the image in the question.

Hope this helps!


A Problem has been detected with your thumbnail cache. Fixing it will require administrative priviliges

Looks legit (enough)

In the Nemo Browser (fork of Nautilus), it's part of the official source-code:

label = gtk_label_new (_("A problem has been detected with your thumbnail cache.  Fixing it will require administrative privileges."));

Looks legit enough for me.

Alternative Fix

If you are unsure, what you could do, here's a manual fix.

By browsing the same source code file, one can see, what Fix now is actually doing.
It is just calling nemo with root priviliges using the --fix-cache argument:

sh -c "pkexec nemo --fix-cache"

If you prefer a more familiar shell command, you could instead run

sudo nemo --fix-cache

from the terminal to get your thumbnail cache fixed.


Broken packages when trying to install clang on Ubuntu 18.04

As indicated here you need to enable the bionic-updates suite in your sources.list
prepend or append the following block to your /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main multiverse restricted universe

#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main multiverse restricted universe
#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main multiverse restricted universe
#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main multiverse restricted universe

uncomment the deb-src lines if you want the source code from the repositories, if you need that.
then simply run sudo apt update; sudo apt install clang and you'll be good.


This sounds like something you can configure using the alsamixer.

Open up a terminal, and simply type in "alsamixer". On the right side of the various volume controls, you should see an "automute mode". Simply tap the up arrow key on your keyboard to enable it, and then press escape.

If there is no "automute mode" on the mixer, then you can manually mute the speakers when you have your headphones plugged in, by simply highlighting the channel that has the speakers attached and pressing the "m" key.

For future reference, please post the specific hardware you are using when you're having a problem. It makes diagnosing things much easier, because we can look for known bugs.

Cheers!


Grub does not show a Windows 8 option after dual boot

First, your fdisk -l output is not a problem; that simply identifies your disk as using the GUID Partition Table (GPT) partitioning system. To view your partitions, you must instead use a GPT-enabled tool, such as gdisk or parted, rather than fdisk, which doesn't understand GPT.

Second, you may be able to get GRUB to chainload Windows by adding a suitable entry to /etc/grub.d/40_custom and then doing a sudo update-grub. An entry might look something like this:

menuentry "Windows 8" {
    set root='(hd0,gpt1)'
    chainloader /EFI/microsoft/BOOT/bootmgfw.efi
}

The details might depend on your installation, though.

Third, if you consider rEFInd to be ugly, you can always try another rEFInd theme or create your own, as described in the rEFInd documentation. Alternatively, if you prefer a text-mode boot loader, you can set the textonly option in refind.conf. You can achieve a similar end by switching to gummiboot.

Fourth, if rEFInd is periodically reporting errors, please write those down or take a picture of the screen with a digital camera and report them to me. (I'm rEFInd's maintainer.) Bugs can't get fixed if nobody reports them; or if they aren't bugs in rEFInd, the messages may provide clues about how to resolve the problem.

Finally, it's possible to boot Linux via rEFInd (or gummiboot) without using GRUB; you just need a different EFI boot loader. My personal preference is the Linux kernel's EFI stub loader. This is available only in 3.3.0 and later kernels, though. Since Ubuntu 12.04 ships with a 3.2.0 kernel, you'll need to either find a pre-built 3.3.0 for Ubuntu 12.04 (I've heard of such things, but I don't have any links handy) or build your own from source code. (You could also install Ubuntu 12.10, which ships with a suitable kernel, but presumably you want an LTS release, so this may not be optimal.) See the rEFInd documentation's page on booting Linux for additional details on how to set this up. You could also use ELILO or GRUB Legacy. If you simply object to the delay, you could reduce the GRUB 2 timeout value and set it to not display the menu by default.


VMware Openstack Autopilot appliance install failed/unavailable

Unfortunately the VMware appliance was discontinued. From the README.txt file:

The Autopilot Testdrive on VMware has been discontinued.
Downloads have been moved to an archive directory at
https://landscape.canonical.com/downloads/archive/
August 17th, 2016.


It is not an error. It is just a warning related to using sudo. If IBUS (input method for multilingual input) is working, then do not worry about it.

The interpretation is that you are running as root but accessing niider's file. This is a mismatch. Again, this may be harmless.

For BleachBit 2.0 (alpha due soon) I am using pkexec instead of sudo, so that may help.


My wireless card isn't working with Ubuntu 14.04 on a HP ProBook 440

First we need more information- Sorry I am unable to add a comment as this will not really be an answer but will hopefully be when we get done trouble shooting.

First what kind of Wifi adapter do you have? A usb or pci type?  Depending on that answer please paste the output of sudo lsusb or sudo lspci depending if it is usb or pci.  Also can you please paste the output of ifconfig.

Thanks, I will edit this answer as I get input from you, to turn this into an accurate answer. Also edit your post with the requested information please

EDIT: The following is from a linux mint forum, I will link at the bottom.

I was able to identify your wireless card as Network controller: MEDIATEK Corp. MT7630e 802.11bgn Wireless Network Adapter so now we need to install the driver for it.

You need to install the driver for this device, please follow the instructions below. Please report back your results.

Mediatek has recently launched a working driver for their wireless device MT7630E for Linux Mint/Ubuntu. For now the only supported kernel versions are 3.13 & 3.14. So it can be installed in Linux Mint 17 or Ubuntu 14.04 with sufficient ease.

Download:

Download the driver from here (It's a modification of the original driver  for easy installation, by me)

Install:

Now follow the instructions below:

extract the archive in your Downloads directory
In terminal run:

cd ~/Downloads/MT7630E-master        (change the path if you extracted in another folder)

now run these commands one by one:

sudo chmod +x install.sh

sudo ./install.sh

It will prompt for your password. Put your password and wait to finish the installation.

After installation has been completed the wifi will appear in the network manager and bluetooth will be available for use. The driver will load at startup automatically, so you don't need to load the driver every time you reboot.


How can I upgrade latexmk / why very old version is contained in Ubuntu repository?

I am extensively using the provided latexmk in my 16.04 system without any problem --- but I do not use R, so your case may be different.

The new version has new capabilities (like direct selection of lualatex and xelatex engines), so the reason for not upgrading it may be one (or both) of:

that the package's maintainer thinks it's too risky for a LTS release (but then it should be available a version for the update in newer Ubuntu, and it seems it is not the case)
Or simply the upgrades were not noticed by the maintainer, or they're too busy, or not interested anymore.

If you look at the files contents of the latexmk package, you'll find that practically it's just a script and documentation:

[romano:~] % wajig listfiles latexmk
/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/latexmk
/usr/share
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/man1
/usr/share/man/man1/latexmk.1L.gz
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/latexmk
/usr/share/doc/latexmk/latexmk.txt.gz
/usr/share/doc/latexmk/latexmk.ps.gz
/usr/share/doc/latexmk/copyright
/usr/share/doc/latexmk/latexmk.pdf.gz
/usr/share/doc/latexmk/README.gz
/usr/share/doc/latexmk/changelog.Debian.gz
/etc
/etc/LatexMk

(and the global configuration file).

So in case of a need of an upgrade, I would probably download the source package from  its home, and then install locally in my user. The installiation instructions are really well done, but basically it boils down to

cp latexmk.pl $HOME/bin/latexmk
chmod +x $HOME/bin/latexmk

and now the new latexmk is overriding the old one. If you want to install it system-wide, the instructions are, again, quite complete.


I accidentally did apt-get remove python. Tried all solution

Correction: apt-get does not require python, so you should be able to reinstall normally:

sudo apt-get install python3
sudo apt-get install python3-aptdaemon

apt dependencies:

  Depends: adduser, gpgv | gpgv2 | gpgv1, ubuntu-keyring, libapt-pkg5.0
  (>= 1.7.0~alpha3~), libc6 (>= 2.15), libgcc1 (>= 1:3.0), libgnutls30
  (>= 3.6.5), libseccomp2 (>= 1.0.1), libstdc++6 (>= 5.2)

python3-aptdaemon dependencies:

  Depends: python3:any (>= 3.2~), aptdaemon, gir1.2-glib-2.0,
  gir1.2-packagekitglib-1.0 (>= 1.1.1), python3-apt (>= 0.8.5~ubuntu1),
  python3-defer (>= 1.0.6), python3-dbus, python3-gi,
  python3-pkg-resources, iso-codes Filename:
  pool/main/a/aptdaemon/python3-aptdaemon_1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu21_all.deb


I did more digging on this, so leaving some info for others.

Looks like Ubuntu 18.04 doesn't use dhclient anymore, which was called in daemon mode by ifupdown. Instead, systemd-networkd takes care of all things DHCP. In order to create DHCP client hooks, we must now use systemd (You can see an example of how this is done by looking at ntp's files: /lib/systemd/system/ntp-systemd-netif.{path|service}).

As mentioned in the question, cloud-init does call dhclient in a sandboxed more, but only for some particular clouds.

In terms of setting the hostname, there may be conflicts between systemd-networkd and cloud-init. See Cloud-init nocloud set hostname dynamically from dhcp.


How can I put a Windows7 shared folder on my ubuntu desktop?

Try opening Nautilus as root: $ sudo nautilus and then just copy folders to your desktop.

Cheers,

Luis


Responsiveness of GUI of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS running on Virtual Box 5.2.12 is very choppy and sluggish

Other than on bare metal a virtual machine does not always benefit from maxed out resources. This is because the supervisor (here Virtual Box) running on the host will also need some resources to run smoothly.

Memory
Leave as much memory for the host OS to operate without having to swap on the hard drive. If we had used 8 GB of 16 GB for an intergrated GPU then from the remaining 8 GB leave 2 GB or more for the host.

CPU
It is true that any guest OS will run the better the more cores we assign to the guest. If we assign all cores we may slow down the host and the performance of the virtual machine slows down with it. So it is often better to leave at least one core to the host, or define an execution cap of say 90% in the VirtualBox settings.

Hard drive
By using a dynamically growing drive we can assign a huge virtual drive that is physically much smaller as long as it was not filled with data. It will only use as much space as needed.

Graphics card
For 3D acceleration the host GPU is passed through to the guest with the guest additions graphics driver. This also means that all graphic card memory can also by accessed from the guest. Increasing the guest VGA memory to more than 128 MB is rarely needed.


Display dates in command output in different timezone

You can set the timezone for a particular command you are running on the remote machine by prepending TZ=<name>. Example (my server is using CEST, UTC+2):

$ who
mirek    pts/0        2018-09-12 14:07 (192.168.2.82)
$ TZ=UTC who
mirek    pts/0        2018-09-12 12:07 (192.168.2.82)

Unfortunately, TZ=IST is not supported on my machine (the timezone name is ambiguous according to timeanddate.com) but you can enter an explicit shift (the +/− sign seem to have inverse meaning in comparison to standard timezone notation):

$ TZ=UTC-5:30 who
mirek    pts/0        2018-09-12 17:37 (192.168.2.82)

or a city:

$ TZ="Asia/Taipei" who
mirek    pts/0        2018-09-12 20:07 (192.168.2.82)

If you log in as a particular, specialized user to the remote clients, you can permanently set the TZ environment variable in your ~/.profile.

See also:

https://superuser.com/questions/164339/timezone-conversion-by-command-line
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/117467/how-to-permanently-set-environmental-variables


How to make Gmail open when clicking mailto: links in the same browser it is clicked? (Chrome/Firefox)

You can make Chrome open when you click a mailto: link:

  Access Gmail, and click an icon of the shape of overlapped double
  diamonds, next to the star icon in the omni-box where the URL is
  displayed.

  If you don't see it, try reloading the page.

Source, by mulogics on Web Applications Stack Exchange

If you somehow missed the opportunity and said 'no' after the diamond question, your chance to undo that is under chrome://settings/handlers, where gmail will be listed as handler-question-blocked.


Is there anyway to Upgrade from Ubuntu 13.04 to 13.10 without deleting any files?

Well, there isn't a need to delete files in the first place.

For normal users, you get a GUI dialog box pop up to ask if you want to upgrade to the newest release.
The command line method is sudo do-release-upgrade -d or sudo sed -i 's/raring/saucy/g' /etc/apt/sources.list; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get upgrade -y; sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y.
The CD method is simply clicking upgrade when asked how you want to install.

However, it's advisable to make a /home partition when you first install Ubuntu so you can always do a complete fresh install and still have all of your files.


Something wicked happened resolving 'apt.wxwidgets.org:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname)

The downloads page of wxwidgets now links to the CodeLite website for Debian/Ubuntu packages. It seems the original repository is now defunct.

The new repository has packages for a number of versions of Ubuntu even though the instructions only mention 13.10, 14.04 and 14.10.

To add the repository, first import the key:

sudo apt-key adv --fetch-keys http://repos.codelite.org/CodeLite.asc

Then add the source:

sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/wxwidgets.list <<EOF
deb http://repos.codelite.org/wx3.0.2/ubuntu/   $(lsb_release -sc) universe
EOF
sudo apt-get update


After update to Precise, libc looks hosed and can't update?

ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

If this happens with ldconfig, I seriously doubt you can repair it. You can try executing manually ldconfig:

sudo ldconfig -vp

You can also try to manually download the libc-bin package:

apt-get download libc-bin
sudo dpkg -i libc-bin*.deb

I would remove the fglrx-updates package just to be on the safe side too.

sudo dpkg --purge fglrx-updates


boot-folder too small for upgrade from Ubuntu 12.10 to 13.04

Determine which kernel you're running, via uname -r. Remember this - don't delete anything with this version.

See which kernels, tools, etc you have installed, with:

dpkg -l linux-image\*
dpkg -l linux-headers\*
dpkg -l linux-tools\*

Carefully avoiding the current version (shown by uname -r), delete older versions using sudo apt-get remove ... and sudo apt-get purge ....

If you can't get enough space the above way, you'll have to switch to Plan B.

Plan B is:

Read man gparted

Boot from a live CD containing gparted.

Use gparted to shrink one of the partitions next to /boot, and expand /boot into the newly freed space.


ubuntu 16: having trouble installing ffmpeg (latest version)

You can try to build this from sources

$ tar xjf ffmpeg-4.2.1.tar.bz2
$ cd ffmpeg-4.2.1

And use instructions from INSTALL.md file:

Type ./configure to create the configuration. A list of configure
options is printed by running configure --help.

configure can be launched from a directory different from the FFmpeg
sources to build the objects out of tree. To do this, use an absolute
path when launching configure, e.g. /ffmpegdir/ffmpeg/configure.
Then type make to build FFmpeg. GNU Make 3.81 or later is required.
Type make install to install all binaries and libraries you built.


I cannot set the right mouse wheel scroll

Setting xinput set-prop 11 316 0 is not enough since it gives a temporary variation.
It seems obvious but in the settings, under mouse and touchpad one should disable Natural scrolling.
This gives a permanent change.


unable to execute /usr/bin/apt-get: Argument list too long

Try with following command (see https://askubuntu.com/a/1027484/790920):

sudo apt-get install < installed_software.txt


How To Get Ubuntu To Recognize Nvidia GTX 860M Graphics Card

In practice there is a bad idea to update ubuntu along different versions. I recommend you to look in the dash for the application "aditional drivers" and see if you have your nvidia drivers up to date (use the privative, tested one) and install (or reinstall the driver).

If that does not work I suggest you to do a clean install.


You need to download the Ubuntu 12.04 LTS  .ISO file, burn it to a CD, boot it, and the installer will take it from there.

It should recognize that Ubuntu is already installed and thus let you perform an upgrade from the CD.

If this is not the case and it wants you to to a fresh install, you will need to backup your files in your home partition.  You can also do this from the CD, I suggest you "Try without installing" to boot into Ubuntu so you can back up your files [located at /home/USER].

Also if you don't want to burn a CD and have a spare flash drive [with nothing you don't mind losing], you can use the program UNetbootin to copy the .ISO to the flash drive and make it bootable.


To build from the repository, you will require autoconf, automake, and libtool tools to be available, typically available on your distribution either by default or by running the following on Debian-based systems:

sudo apt-get install autoconf automake libtool

You should run ./autogen.sh to set up the environment and generate ./configure

After running ./configure, issues the make command, and then sudo make install

cd cherokee
./autogen.sh
./configure
make
sudo make install


How do I copy a file/directory from host into a LXD container?

Suppose we want to copy file.txt from host to /home/ubuntu/ directory of the container1

lxc file push file.txt container1/home/ubuntu/

to copy a directory from host to container, use -r

lxc file push -r direcoty/ vm1/home/ubuntu/

to copy file from container to host, use pull

lxc file pull vm1/home/ubuntu/file.txt .


Python script not running when called from run-parts through a USBmount

Not sure about usbmount but here's the reason for a similar case: /etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/
In that particular case, the hooks are executed by /bin/dhclient-script as source (ie with .). run-parts is only invoked to get the list of scripts in that folder. run-parts --list /etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/.

Long story short, the scripts have to be shell scripts. See below.
However, nothing keeps you from explicitly invoking the python interpreter from that shell script (see further below).

# run given script
run_hook() {
    local script="$1"
    local exit_status=0

    if [ -f $script ]; then
        . $script                  # <=== must be shell script
        exit_status=$?
    fi

    if [ -n "$exit_status" ] && [ "$exit_status" -ne 0 ]; then
        logger -p daemon.err "$script returned non-zero exit status $exit_status"
    fi

    return $exit_status
}

# run scripts in given directory
run_hookdir() {
    local dir="$1"
    local exit_status=0

    if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
        for script in $(run-parts --list $dir); do
            run_hook $script
            exit_status=$((exit_status|$?))
        done
    fi

    return $exit_status
}

Example of invoking the python script

#!/bin/bash
#
# Invoke a python script to update the DNS zone with the WLAN IP address
# The python script is in the same folder but not picked up by run-parts because its name contains a "."
#
PYTHON3_INTERPRETER=$(which python3)
THIS_FOLDER=/etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d
THE_SCRIPT=update_zone.py

${PYTHON3_INTERPRETER} ${THIS_FOLDER}/${THE_SCRIPT}


custom Ubuntu iso with a specific kernel version

I believe you can choose the version of the kernel (but still limited to those provided by Ubuntu, e.g. 4.4 4.8 4.10 for 16.04) in the "Expert Mode" (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Testing/InstallMethods#Expert_mode) of the installer. The choice window will appear during the "Installing the Base System" step.

(if I understand the question correctly)


http://ppa.launchpad.net/quickly/ppa/ubuntu/dists -> there's no maverick version

http://ppa.launchpad.net/nanny/ppa/ubuntu/dists -> there's no maverick version

To fix this:

Applications > Sofware Center,
Edit > Sofware sources...,
Enter your password,
Go to the 'Other Software' tab, and
Edit the PPAs for Quickly and Nanny so the 'Distribution' field is 'karmic'.

Also, there's a hash sum mismatch for the maverick-security repo (can be caused by corrupted downloads, etc.), which should be fixed by simply running apt-get update again.


Install ubuntu 12.04 on macbook air 6.2: refit resync partitions

"Syncing" partition tables is creating a hybrid MBR. Unfortunately, hybrid MBRs are ugly and dangerous. In your installation, they're also probably unnecessary -- if you boot Linux in EFI mode rather than in BIOS mode. Unfortunately, the last time I checked, Ubuntu favored BIOS-mode installations on Macs, but you can reconfigure the computer to boot Linux in EFI mode. Thus, I recommend you consider this option rather than use a BIOS-mode installation.

If you go ahead with a BIOS-mode installation, you may want to create a BIOS Boot Partition on the disk and then use either gdisk or the version of gptsync that comes with rEFInd to prepare your hybrid MBR. gdisk gives much better control than either version of gptsync over hybrid MBR creation, and rEFInd's gptsync is smarter about what partitions get included than is rEFIt's gptsync.

As to rEFInd and MacBook Airs, I'm rEFInd's maintainer, and I've received reports both ways on this score. (Unfortunately, I don't have one of the affected computers, which makes it very hard for me to fix the problem.) You might try preparing a USB flash drive image with rEFInd and test with it. If rEFInd works fine that way, then you should be fine with a regular hard disk installation. If it fails, try removing unnecessary drivers (from the EFI/BOOT/drivers_x64 directory on the flash drive) and try again.


Steps to install ubuntu on a dedicated usb drive permanently

Yes, you can install ubuntu in a usb, with a persistence option, this mean that you can store information in the SO, that is in the usb....

This is from windows...
Check this link: Create a Persistent Bootable Ubuntu USB Flash Drive
A video: How To Create A Persistent Bootable Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS USB Flash Drive [2014]

This is from Linux
link 1: Creating a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from terminal
link 2: How to create a bootable USB stick on Ubuntu


System does not shut down. What can I do?

as I came to know from the google , it happens some times and will be solved by the updates . Until that ,you can shutdown your PC from the terminal with

sudo shutdown -h now

Here's some background info: Shutdown/suspend/hibernate not working correctly


11.10 desktop alerts (volume change and terminal bell) stopped working but all other audio still works

This is not a sound problem; the event is getting lost, as can be seen in the system settings => universal access => hearing tab.  Setting it to visual alerts also does not work.

I found that all of this works as expected using metacity (run metacity --replace), but then stops working when you go back to Compiz (run compiz --replace).

Note:  I did this in Gnome compatibility mode.  In compiz, it seems that metacity doesn't run, although everything else keeps running, and with a terminal, you can get back to compiz/unity from the terminal.  Note, though, that the terminal bell will work in this mode.


Unity gone after installing Nvidia Prime

After latest updates, it seems to be working now. I hope it stays like that. Cheers!


How to start contributing to Ubuntu development?

For contributing directly to Ubuntu as a developer you can start with these guides:

Ubuntu Development
Ubuntu Packaging Guide
Ubuntu Design Guidelines
Ubuntu wiki


Limitations of Ubuntu Cloud Infrastructure with respect to OS?

You can run any OS that is supported by KVM and by your CPU. Examples are for a typical x86_64 CPU: most of the BSD family, most Linux based Distro, Windows, etc.

Note that some OS have requirements, so you need to be able to cover those when setting up a VM to be able to run the OS.


Unable to install the selected kernel Ubuntu 14.04 from local mirror

Are you specifying a proxy server while selecting the mirror? If yes, then use the proper format to specify it:

http://USERNAME:PASSWORD@PROXYIP:PROXYPORT

Make sure to add the

  http://

or the appropriate suffix in the beginning of the proxy address. For some reason if you miss this then you will get the error which you mentioned. This happened for me and this is the way I solve it.

Hope this helps.


Super (windows) key no longer works in programs

I think you can try this :
a) Please install CCSM (Compizconf-settings-manager), if not already installed.
b) Then open it and find the Ubuntu Unity plugin, which will be checked on.
c) Click on it and there you will find "Key to show the launcher", which is set as the Super key.
d) You can change it to some other combination like Shift+Super key combination.
e) Then from Control Center (You can find it by clicking on the shutdown icon at the top right corner at the screen and selecting System settings), search for keyboard shortcuts.
f) Now you can set the key combinations as per your choice for the Super keys.

Hope it works for you.


“Errors were found while checking the disk for /” , no /tmp mounting error

Boot a live usb, make sure all your partitions are unmounted, and run:

sudo fsck -y /dev/sda

change "sda" to your hard drive.

This command will try to fix the problem(s). if it does not work, update your question with any error messages


16.04: WiFi suddenly stopped working Broadcom BCM4311

In your paste, we see:

IE: WPA Version 1
                        Group Cipher : TKIP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : TKIP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK

Many Linux drivers are troubled with TKIP. As well, it is reported to be less secure than WPA2-AES, also known as CCMP.

Please check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit.

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Next, I'd set IPv6 to Ignore in Network Manager: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/18/html/Installation_Guide/images/netconfig/network-connections-ipv6-ignore.png  This example is for ethernet, but you want wireless.

Reboot and tell us if connectivity is improved.


How to install latest stable dolphin file manager on Kubuntu via xdg-open(Discover)?

Here's how to find out for yourself:

You can find the correct version for your release of Ubuntu (including Kubuntu, of course), using the madison search feature in the apt-cache application.
  $ apt-cache madison dolphin
dolphin | 4:19.12.3-0ubuntu1 | http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 Packages

The correct version of dolphin in 20.04 (Focal) is 19.12.3-0ubuntu1

You can find the correct version for ALL supported releases of Ubuntu using the rmadison command, provided by the devscripts package.
$ rmadison dolphin
dolphin | 4:4.8.2-0ubuntu2    | precise                 | amd64, armel, armhf, i386, powerpc
dolphin | 4:4.8.5-0ubuntu0.1  | precise-updates         | amd64, armel, armhf, i386, powerpc
dolphin | 4:4.13.0-0ubuntu1   | trusty/universe         | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, powerpc, ppc64el
dolphin | 4:4.13.3-0ubuntu0.1 | trusty-updates/universe | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, powerpc, ppc64el
dolphin | 4:15.12.3-0ubuntu1  | xenial/universe         | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, powerpc, ppc64el, s390x
dolphin | 4:17.12.3-0ubuntu1  | bionic/universe         | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x
dolphin | 4:19.04.3-0ubuntu1  | eoan/universe           | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x
dolphin | 4:19.12.3-0ubuntu1  | focal/universe          | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x
dolphin | 4:20.04.3-0ubuntu1  | groovy/universe         | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x

Dolphin 20.04.3 is not available in Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal). It's available in Ubuntu 20.10 (Groovy), which is scheduled for release in October 2020 and is currently in pre-release testing.
Most users should NOT be trying to manually download and install new versions. You risk breaking your system, and you will get those upgrades with the next release of Ubuntu anyway. That's one reason Ubuntu does interim releases every six months.
You are welcome to become a 20.10 tester, of course. We can always use more folks willing to test, troubleshoot, and file good bug reports on the problem that they discover in new software.


Using Ubuntu to Reinstall Windows 10 Using GRUB2 and no USB

Reinstalling Windows 10 from Ubuntu
Windows can be installed to boot in BIOS, (Legacy), mode or in UEFI mode. I will describe each method.
BIOS, (Legacy), mode, MSDOS Partition Table

Boot Ubuntu in Legacy mode.

Using GParted, create a 8GB NTFS partition for the installer and a 50GB or larger partition for Windows.

Mount the Windows ISO using sudo mount -t udf /{Path to ISO}/Win.iso /media/iso, Copy the contents of  /media/iso/ to the 8GB partition.

In Terminal run sudo update-grub to add the Windows installer to Ubuntu's GRUB menu.

Edit the grub.cfg Windows menuentry, to add ntldr /bootmgr on the line after chainloader +1

Reboot and select Windows Recovery Environment from the Boot menu.

Proceed with Windows 10 installation as normal.

UEFI mode, GPT Partition Table

Boot Ubuntu in UEFI mode.

Using GParted, create a 8GB NTFS partition for the installer and a 50GB or larger NTFS partition for Windows.

Mount the Windows ISO using sudo mount -t udf /{Path to ISO}/Win.iso /media/iso, Copy the contents of  /media/iso/ to the 8GB partition.

It should not be necessary to Update GRUB to boot in UEFI mode. (Please let me know if you find otherwise).

Reboot, The Windows installer should start. At this point you can close the installer to open the GRUB menu.

UEFI Notes:
UEFI properties may vary among vendors.
It may be necessary to add Windows Recovery Environment menuentry by hand.
Some instructions for installing Windows recommend the ISO be extracted to a FAT32 partition. If there are problems using the ISO extracted to NTFS see: https://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/windows-10-usb-media-linux.html
I was not able to install as UEFI mode from Legacy Ubuntu on GPT disk.


Trying to install python3-pip, which has no installation candidate

You may have to enable the universe repository first.
sudo add-apt-repository universe

Then run the following command to synchronize your package database.
sudo apt update

Finaly install pip3 with
sudo apt install python3-pip


Mysql Error SQLSTATE[HY000] [1045] Access denied for user. While installing Drupal 7 in localhost

You should try this command:
GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP,INDEX,ALTER,CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES,LOCK TABLES ON drupal.* TO 'drupaluser'@'localhost';

For more info, refer this.
Link:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/grant.html


I can't say for your model and/or place, but I have tested these Modems 3G Huawei which are listed in the Telcel Mexican Broadband ISP and everyone is working right out of the box. There is simply a procedure that should be done in order to use it as modem, because of the dongle installs initially as a CD-ROM Drive, which shifts to Modem mode when ejecting.

New link: http://www.internet.telcel.com/computadoras.html#tab2

Former link: http://www.bat.telcel.com/equipos_tarjetas.html

A screenshot of the modems is placed here for your convenience.

Good luck!


Is it possible to do a double substitution with a shell string?

As far as I know, the only way to do it in current versions of bash is in two steps e.g.

$ string="Mark Shuttleworth"
$ string="${string//a/o}"; echo "${string//t/g}"
Mork Shuggleworgh

Attempts to nest substitutions result in an error:

$ echo "${${string//a/o}//t/g}"
bash: ${${string//a/o}//t/g}: bad substitution

Note that other shells may support such nested substitutions e.g. in zsh 5.2:

~ % string="Mark Shuttleworth"
~ % echo "${${string//a/o}//t/g}"
Mork Shuggleworgh

Of course, external tools such as tr, sed, perl can do it easily

$ sed 'y/at/og/' <<< "$string"
Mork Shuggleworgh

$ perl -pe 'tr /at/og/' <<< "$string"
Mork Shuggleworgh

$ tr at og <<< "$string"
Mork Shuggleworgh


groupadd fails with "cannot lock /etc/group; try again later"

The error message is technically correct but the "try again later" message is misleading. The real issue here is hidden in an error message from adduser:

nonroot@host:/$ adduser existinguser newgroup
adduser: Only root may add a user or group to the system.

To add a new group when logged in as a non-root user, you must use sudo:

nonroot@host:/$ sudo groupadd newgroup
[sudo] password for host:
nonroot@host:/$ grep 'newgroup' /etc/group
newgroup:x:1013:
nonroot@host:/$


Restore EFI System Partition to state before installing Ubuntu

If you haven't modified anything in \EFI\Microsoft (as it looks to me), then deleting the ubuntu folder next to the Microsoft folder should be sufficient.

(If you have modified the contents then you should overwrite the Microsoft directory with Windows' bcdboot, have a look at the related section for instructions.)

Regarding the confusion about the EFI folders:

mount | grep efi
none on /sys/firmware/efi/efivars type efivarfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot/efi type vfat (rw)

As you can see in the example from my system the ESP is mounted to /boot/efi/ and itself contains an EFI folder. This is how it should be by default and you don't need to delete anything outside of /boot/efi/ as this doesn't belong to the ESP.

Related:

How do I remove "Ubuntu" in the bios boot menu? (UEFI)
Uninstalled Ubuntu 14.04, can't boot Windows 8 stuck GNU GRUB - One of my answers that shows how to use bcdboot


I believe this problem is due to compositing (either Compiz in Unity or Mutter in Gnome Shell). If you switch to Unity 2D or Gnome Classic, the problem should go away. Of course, this doesn't help too much if you want the visual effects present in the full versions.


How to disable exit full screen popup in virt-manager

Access VMs using virt-viewer instead - it has kiosk mode:
virt-viewer --kiosk ${YOUR_VM_NAME}

The only way to exit kiosk mode I know is to run another virt-viewer (in a separate terminal) again without --kiosk option (this will drop connection for the first one) and then you will be able to press <Ctrl> + <C> for the first one to close its windows.
Additional benefit of virt-viewer instad of virt-manager is the ability to open all displays (for example, if your VM has several Video QXL devices, separate window will be opened for each device).


Try it once.. It has solved all problems about brightness! Including mine!!

Open terminal ( Ctrl+Alt+T ) and type:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

You will find this line in the new opened window: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
Change it to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"

Save and close the window and type this in the terminal:

sudo update-grub

Restart your system..


What is the function of modprobe in this code?

The command was undoubtably preceeded by:

sudo modprobe -r rtl8723be

That has the effect of removing (-r) the module which was presumably loaded with its default parameters.

Many drivers, and, in particular, wireless drivers, have parameters that may be manipulated at the time the driver is loaded; that is, modprobed. You can review the available parameters with the command:

modinfo rtl8723be

We see the following parameters:

parm:           swenc:Set to 1 for software crypto (default 0)  (bool)
parm:           ips:Set to 0 to not use link power save (default 1)  (bool)
parm:           swlps:Set to 1 to use SW control power save (default 0)( bool)
parm:           fwlps:Set to 1 to use FW control power save (default 1)( bool)
parm:           msi:Set to 1 to use MSI interrupts mode (default 0)  (bool)
parm:           aspm:Set to 1 to enable ASPM (default 1)  (int)
parm:           debug_level:Set debug level (0-5) (default 0) (int)
parm:           debug_mask:Set debug mask (default 0) (ullong)
parm:           disable_watchdog:Set to 1 to disable the watchdog (default 0) (bool)
parm:           ant_sel:Set to 1 or 2 to force antenna number (default 0)  (int)

Of particular interest here is ant_sel; that is, the ability to select antenna 1 or antenna 2 in preference to antenna 0, which, I believe, means to auto select the correct antenna. However, the rtl8723be driver and hardware combination are not yet currently capable of auto selection. It is usually necessary to test and so determine the antenna that gives the strongest connection.

If you wish to make the parameter permanent, create a file that tells the system to always use the selected parameter whenever the module loads. From the terminal:

sudo -i
echo "options rtl8723be ant_sel=2"  >  /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf
exit

EDIT: As we see from your lspci, your wireless driver is iwlwifi. You have an Intel wireless device, not a Realtek. Any driver parameter you set for rtl8723be will be ineffective as there is no Realtek device on your system to load the driver and apply the parameter.

Creation of the rtl8723be.conf file does no harm; however, it also does nothing helpful. If you want to remove the needless file, then open a terminal and do:

sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf

It is fairly common for new users of Ubuntu to read a forum post about solving a wireless issue and then blindly apply it to their system. They are usually disappointed when there is no improvement. While it is not dangerous to apply a .conf file to your system for a wireless driver that your system doesn't even use, it is futile if you don't know what driver you have. I urge all Ubuntu users to determine what wireless driver they have before applying any fixes to the system. You can do so with the terminal command:

lspci -nnk | grep 0280 -A3

After determining, for example, that you are using the driver iwlwifi, if you are having difficulties, search only for answers applicable to iwlwifi, such as "slow wireless" iwlwifi or "connection drops" iwlwifi.

  Then I ran modinfo again, but the line for ant_sel doesn't appear to have changed;

It will never change. It reports what is available. What will change is /sys/module/rtl8723be/parameters/ant_sel. It reports what has actually been applied.

If you are having trouble with your wireless, I suggest that you ask a new question and tell us what issue you are facing with your Intel 9260 wireless.


So I want to disable fast boot and hibernation from Ubuntu without restarting. Is there any way to do it??

No.

But I doubt your problem is with fast booting and hibernation. I would believe this is hardware starting to fail so even if you could change it from within Ubuntu then you might still end up with a not-booting system.

So start making a backup if you do not have one before rebooting. Your 1st concern should be your own data.


qemu-img should do the trick - for example:

qemu-img create -f qcow2 test.img 2g

Creates a 2GB qcow2 format image.

See man qemu-img for more information


How can I display the current time & date setting?

I don't know of a single file, but this may give you the info needed:

cat /etc/timezone
grep UTC /etc/default/rcS
date
# hardware clock
sudo hwclock --show


Do virtual hosts in Apache require the "FollowSymLinks" option to be enabled?

The Apache error logs explain the reason for this problem:

  [rewrite:error] [pid ...] [client ...] AH00670: Options FollowSymLinks and SymLinksIfOwnerMatch are both off, so the RewriteRule directive is also forbidden due to its similar ability to circumvent directory restrictions

Using mod_rewrite with RewriteRule (as is common) while disabling FollowSymLinks (as shown in the question) is only possible if SymLinksIfOwnerMatch is enabled in return.

Thus

-FollowSymLinks

must become

-FollowSymLinks +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch

or mod_rewrite with RewriteRule cannot be used anymore.

Thanks for the hint, @fkraiem!


Install Windows 8.1. with BIOS unaccessible

Short answer:

Use BIOS boot menu. If not available, then remove the hard drive and clean it in some other computer.

Detailed answer:

Most, if not all, BIOSes has something like boot menu. Such menu allows to arbitrarily choose boot device regardless of boot device order that is set in BIOS. To access the boot menu just tap the proper button during the early startup of your machine. Which one exactly - it depends on the BIOS. In mine laptop it is F12, in desktop PC it is F11. Your one can be different, but it is usually listed on the BIOS welcome screen.

If you can't access the BIOS boot menu as well, then remove the hard drive from your computer and mount it in another machine. You will be able to clean it and after that mount it back in the problematic computer. You don't need to clean whole disk, just the Master boot record. It can be done using Ubuntu DVD or Windows 8.1.

Cleaning the disk with Windows

Boot the computer with Windows 8.1 DVD. When you see the first screen, when language options are available to choose, press Shift+F10 - you will see the command line terminal. Run the diskpart program by typing:

diskpart

The diskpart tool (very good and reliable, by the way) will start, and you can see the available disks by typping:

list disk

The list of all disk devices will be displayed. Determine which of the listed disk has to be clean (let's say that is is disk number 2) and select it by command:

select disk 2

Then clean the disk:

clean

And exit diskpart:

exit

You are done, disk is clean and can be mounted back in its original place.

Cleaning the disk with Ubuntu DVD

Boot the Ubuntu live DVD and run the terminal. Let's say that your disk device is /dev/sdb, clean it by typing:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=1M count=1

Be extremely careful with dd command! That command does not ask of any confirmation and single typo can have disastrous effect, so double check before pressing Enter.


"No caching mode page present" when USB flash disk attached

Seems like the write cache is enabled for all devices you plug into the laptop or the /etc/fstab file has the option async. Something like:

[...]
/dev/sdb1    /media/USB    auto        async    0   0
/dev/sdb1    /media/USB    auto        default    0   0
[...]

(Note: default option is the same as rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, and async

or activated in hdparm:

sudo /sbin/hdparm -I /dev/sdb

/dev/sdb:
[...]
Commands/features:
    Enabled Supported:
       *    SMART feature set
       *    Power Management feature set
       *    Write cache <-------
       *    Look-ahead
       *    WRITE_VERIFY command
[...]
Checksum: correct

This is the default option. So, it seems that your USB don't support this caracteristic which triggers the strout warning. You can disable it replacing the lines in fstab or issuing sudo hdparm -W 0 /dev/sdb.


boot-repair Messed up MSI laptop boot time

I ran these commands and the problem solved, I don't know why.

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install -fy
sudo apt-get install -y --force-yes grub-pc linux-generic


How can I upgrade a netbook with low system memory?

A solution could be to put your home folders on the SD card and deleting them from your flash card thus freeing valuable space. To use the SD card as an extension for your flash card is in my opinion not possible as they are two separate partitions.


The last version of MatLab supported by a 32-bit Linux OS is the 2012a. All versions coming after this one can only be installed on a 64-bit Linux OS. I upgraded my OS to Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit, and installed the 2013a version of MatLab following the instructions that already exist in the forum. By the way, it looks that the fix for "ia32-libs" (mentioned as comment on my previous question) is only needed for older versions of MatLab, in my case there was no need to get the package.


shnsplit failing to split multiple .flac files

Try to open cue file and split it into 2 cue files with the same header.
Then shnsplit side1.flac vs side1.cue and side2.flac vs side2.cue accordingly.


Adding Canon PIXMA MG3150 Wirelessly on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

There were couple of things that I noticed, firstly since the GUI wasn't getting me anywhere - I decided to use CLI to see what's happening.

I realized that I had to use the --force-architecture option, so first downloaded the debian packages for Canon MG3150 Series from Canon website

Get the libtiff4 from --> ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/t/tiff3/ and go about 14 down the list to find the 64bit file ending in amd (amd : dont get confused by amd as intel processors are called amd for 64 bit).

Installed this using GDebi Package installer (which was preinstalled).

After installing this, unzipped the tar files and then ran the command:

sudo dpkg -i --force-architecture name_of_(dot).deb file

Taking care to install the common first and the mg3100 second.
Also to do a sudo apt-get install -f to install the missing packages after each step of sudo dpkg -i --force-architecture

This post on Ubuntu Forums and
This post on Linux Mint forums

helped me to resolve the issue.


To get a caret symbol with dead keys, press space after the caret.

"Dead keys" means that some keys don't work normally. Instead, they're used to modify other characters. For example, ^ followed by O produces ô.

You may wish to use another layout like English (US, alternative international) (which I believe uses AltGr+6 followed by O for ô) if you need international characters or English (US) if you don't.


The issue is the realtek device that is part of the wifi, see Bus 002 Device 005: ID 0bda:b728 Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
This device doesn't work but causes issues with other USB bluetooth dongles when you try to use them.  Later today I can build you a btusb.ko module that will ignore the Realtek as I did Disable internal RTL8723 bluetooth

But make it for your kernel as the one I posted there will only work for 3.13.0-44
There is a small chance that this will work for you after a reboot

echo "install btusb /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install btusb && echo '0bda b728' > /sys/bus/usb/drivers/btusb/remove_id" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/bcmbtusb.conf


Impossible to start Ubuntu after installing lxde

alt+ctrl+f1 'tty'
remove xde

$ sudo apt-get purge xde

remove ubuntu desktop

$ sudo apt-get autoremove ubuntu-desktop

re install the ubuntu desktop

$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop


Is this command to remove old kernels safe to use?

I'd say: don't use it in the current form

It makes changes without asking you. The apt-get -y purge part allows the one-liner to start executing purging packages, without your confirmation. If any error in the script exists, then you could be screwed.
No source, no author given. The source of it makes a difference here. In case it would come from a thoroughly tested system package we can trace the testing being done onto it. From a random source, we can't trust it.
dpkg -l runs fine without sudo. I don't see why the original author thought this was necessary.

Use common sense

Remove the harmful parts and leave out anything that runs as root.

For example, cut it down to this:

dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d'

which just only outputs stuff and runs with regular user permissions. Once you agree with these kernels to be removed, you can append | xargs sudo apt-get purge yourself. It's without the -y option, intentionally, so you'll be asked for confirmation on the changes about to be made to your system.

Explanation

dpkg -l Outputs the list of all packages. In this case it will only list packages starting with linux- as the name.
| (a pipe) pipes the output of the command on the left (we call that stdout) to the input of the command on the right (we call that stdin).
sed is a tool to manipulate strings using regular expressions. In this case it manipulates the output of the command on the left of the pipe and filters for installed packages (relying on the ii as given by dpkg). It is even being nested in this case. It would be too hard to explain the whole use of sed here, as its use is very complicated with the complex regular expressions. (the \(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)" is an example of a regular expression.
Regular expressions are very widely used to find matches based on the expression they represent. \1 is the replacement reference to do a sort of universal search-and-replace (referencing to the first 'hit' with 1). The regular expression themselves can't do any harm. However, if they manipulate the input in a wrong way, they can have you remove the wrong packages or even do shell injection. In this case it looks like a way to find the name of the kernel package based on the version provided by uname -r.
uname -r outputs the current version of the kernel running.
xargs appends the lines of the input left of the pipe as arguments to the command. In this case, the kernel versions on each line are converted to a horizontal space-separated list and appended to the sudo apt-get command.
sudo apt-get -y purge [packagename] purges (removes everything) of the packages given (as arguments).

Alternatives

Quite some question are probably already asked about this. Relevant ones I found so far:

How to "clean" previous kernels after update?
How do I remove old kernel versions to clean up the boot menu?
From this answer, the following command seems to do the same in a much safer and more common way:

sudo apt-get purge $( dpkg --list | grep -P -o "linux-image-\d\S+" | grep -v $(uname -r | grep -P -o ".+\d") )


Ubuntu gui taskbar and launchbar icons disappear, then eventually crash

Perhaps your hard drive/flash drive is failing and it unmounts/becomes inaccessible for whatever reason. I know that if you unplug the media that the system is running on, your system will either freeze up, or tell you that it can't read from the OS media and stop working.


LibreOfice Impress PPT Animation problem

Microsoft Powerpoint and LibreOffice Impress use different transitions and default file formats. Powerpoint likes to change LibreOffice presentations into its own Powerpoint format, which doesn't always work well.

For best compatibility for the presentation between your two computers, I'd advise using LibreOffice Impress on your Windows computer for editing LibreOffice presentations, instead of using Microsoft Powerpoint.


Startup Extremly Slow with Ubuntu 18.04 and Mainline Kernel 4.16.9

Unfortunately this is a bug. All the kernels from K4.16.3> onwards have the same problem this includes K4.16.9, plus the K4.17RC's. I don’t know why these have been allowed to be available to the public space. The frustration I have is that there is no explanation as to why. One can accept that sometimes kernels that are maintenance releases might have some minor bugs but nothing like this where the kernel crashes entire systems.


Windows 10 device not found in a dual boot with Ubuntu 18.04 on separate disk

I've managed to fix it.

If, like me, you keep getting No device found errors: <UUID> when trying to boot to Windows and you are sure the menu entry points to the right partitions (Running: ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/ | sort --key 11 | cut -c40-).

Look in your BIOS settings and make sure that Fastboot is disabled.


When and where I can find the UDS-O group photos?

On Flickr there is a UDS group where various attendees have left their photos: http://www.flickr.com/groups/uds/


What should I do if the desktop is off the monitor?

I used gtf to make a modeline and add it to xorg.conf, I rebooted and it didn't work but there was a new monitor entry: 1680x1050. I changed it to that, saved it, edited xorg.conf and grub.conf by changing the modeline in xorg.conf, and GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_KEEPRES=true or something like that and changed the grub res and now it works!

EDIT: The fonts were still gigantic so I added:
      Option "UseEdidDpi" "FALSE"
      Option "DPI" "96 x 96"
to my xorg.conf. I didn't really care for the login screen so I didn't bother with that.


Issue during the installation of dual boot windows 10and ubuntu 24.04.1

You meant 20.04.1 ? :) Windows need not be activated for this. Hope you have shrunk C: and created unallocated space on the hard drive. If there is enough unallocated space it should show ”install along with windows”. If still not showing then may be you can try "Something else" option (hope it is displayed), but that is a bit advanced. But can be done with a bit of effort.


Backlight adjustment not working in Lenovo IdeaPad Y580

Alright solved this on my own.

Open file /etc/default/grub.
Find a line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" (there might be something between the quotes).
Add acpi_osi=Linux between the quotes, so the result might be something like GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_osi=Linux"
Run sudo update-grub


set brackets ""')>]}"
set matchbrackets "(<[{)>]}"

Update ~/.nanorc (or perhaps /etc/nanorc) with these lines and it works like a charm.

When on any bracket press Meta] (often this will be Alt]) and there you go to the other paired bracket.


Ubuntu not booting after upgrade to 12.04 from 11.10

First up all boot with a live cd or usb (if it is available) and back up all your files.It seems that the  problem u have is related to the graphics driver.And another suggestion is that u run the recovery mode from the boot menu and fix any broken issues then come back to the normmal mode.Pls go through the known issues of this release too as your system specification has not provided. https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PrecisePangolin/ReleaseNotes/UbuntuDesktop


How to install JDK8 on Ubuntu 18.04 64Bit

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
echo debconf shared/accepted-oracle-license-v1-1 select true | sudo debconf-set-selections
echo debconf shared/accepted-oracle-license-v1-1 seen true | sudo debconf-set-selections
sudo apt-get -y install oracle-java8-installer
java -version


Update texlive-full 2015 to texlive 2017 in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

You can install TeX Live 2017 from Jonathon F’s PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/texlive-2017
sudo apt update
sudo apt full-upgrade -f texlive-full

You may run into a package compatibility error when you upgrade straight to TeX Live 2017 without the complete removal of a previous TeX Live installation(thanks mrek). See Install texlive 2017 on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS for solutions(thanks dexteritas).


Mouse cursor becomes "trapped" focused on the wrong window

After experimenting with the mouse, I noticed that the thumb button on the Logitech MX would jam while I was using it. It turns out that this was the problem. When the button was depressed and held down by the jam, it would trap the focus of the screen I was on when the jam occurred. This was not a software problem in any way.


bash: existing file not existing - or existing? or not?

The problem is here:

test 100.conf

it is doing a string test i.e. if the string 100.conf is not empty. As it is not empty, you'll always get Found.

This is analogous to:

test -n 100.conf
[ 100.conf ]
[ -n 100.conf ]

You need the file existence check i.e. test -f:

test -f 100.conf && echo "Found" || echo "Not found"


skypeforlinux recognises external webcam but gives black screen

I had the same issue and tried a lot of things.
I'm using Ubuntu 19.10(eoan), Skype version 8.59.76.73 and libv4l version is 1.16.7-1.
My solution to this problem is based on this Ubuntuforums link.

Remove skype completely from your system with

sudo apt-get purge skype*

or

snap remove skype

Install the libv4l-dev packages

sudo apt install libv4l-dev

Find where the lib4l packages downloaded with the following command,

find / -iname "*libv4l*" 2>/dev/null

Re-install the latest version of skypeforlinux preview version from this Skype repository.
Reboot your system.
With the path for libv4l you found, use the following command to run skypeforlinux

LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l2convert.so skypeforlinux

I hope this helps,
I solved my problem with these steps.


How to open an item in a MainView so that it fills the whole window?

You might also need to call

view.showFullScreen();

Not sure what other languages you are using, but usually this needs to be called.

You can also switch the other view to "Windowed" while the window that is suppose to be full screen should have

visibility: "FullScreen"


Ubuntu 18.04 server advanced installation: need to manually create boot partition?

Since you have disks that are smaller than 2 TB the default installer will use MBR partitioning scheme with the partitions starting at offset 1 MB from the start of the disk. The grub will be then installed between the MBR and the start of the data partition. The around 1 MB of disk space is needed to contain the minimal disk drivers grub uses to read the boot image over software RAID. (If I remember correctly, the most complex setup the grub is able to boot is software RAID6 on GPT partitions over several disks, where that RAID contains LVM volume having an LUKS encrypted partition containing a BTRFS file system. For that case, the grub must have drivers to locate all required devices for the RAID, assemble RAID devices, detect a correct LVM volume, ask for LUKS password, mount the BTRFS file system and load the kernel and initrd to complete the boot. And the RAID assemble will be pretty hard but possible if you're missing two data disks...)

If, on the other hand, the disks were bigger than 2 TB (the maximum disk size for MBR partitioning method due historical reasons), the installer will automatically switch to GPT partitioning which does not have any safe-to-use area for grub by default. In case of GPT you must have BIOS reserved GPT partition (1 MB is big enough) to have space for grub. Sadly, the Ubuntu installer does not tell you if it's using GPT or MBR partitioning scheme so you basically need to guess which way the system is going to be installed.

If you use UEFI you need an EFI system partition instead and then grub will be installed as a file on the EFI system partition. Technically EFI system partition is just a FAT32 filesystem with special UUID C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B for the partition. For additional details, see Wikipedia page about EFI system partition.


Wake from suspend, password field missing?

The lightdm log can be viewed by running sudo less /var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log

The issue you're describing is a known bug.  A few potential workarounds are shown in the comments on that ticket.  One workaround is to drop into a terminal by pressing ctrl+alt+F1, logging in, and then running unity --replace.  Other variations are shown in the bug comments.


VMware API endpoint IP Address for OpenStack Autopilot

It is the same IP you would use on a vsphere client, so that is correct. What looks fishy is that proxy message. Did you set the proxy correctly, if you are indeed using one?


Help in Right-Click > Properties > Permissions explains this behavior:

  If the file is a program, such as a script, you must select Allow
  executing file as program to run it. Even with this option selected,
  the file manager may still open the file in an application or ask you
  what to do. See Executable text files for more information.

The default action when double-clicking a script is to open it in the editor. To change this option:

Click Files in the Launcher, select Edit > Preferences and then the Behavior tab:

Select the default action when opening an executable text file:

Run executable text files when they are opened
View executable text files when they are opened
Ask each time

"Ask each time" is probably the right setting here, as you certainly don't want to accidentally execute a script when you just want to open a text file, especially since executable and non-executable text files share the same icon.


When my PC starts. The system go directly to the workspace, instead to go to the login screen

With the graphical interface
In "Settings", go to the "Users" tab. In the top right corner of the dialog, you first need to hit "unlock" and enter your user password, because changing the setting can only be performed by a user that has administrator privileges (sudo rights). After unlocking the settings, you can change the slider next to "Automatic login" to off. Next time you boot the computer, you will see the login screen first.
If you do not have administrator privileges on that computer, you will need to ask a user that has (i.e., a user with administrator rights) to change this setting for you.
Using the terminal
Open the configuration file "/etc/gdm3/custom.conf" in a text editor with root priviledges:
sudoedit /etc/gdm3/custom.conf

Comment the lines that allow a user to automatically log in out by placing a comment mark # in front of the line, so it looks like
#  AutomaticLoginEnable = true
#  AutomaticLogin = user1

After AutomaticLogin, you will find the actual login of your user rather than user1. You may also delete these lines.


Place the images you want to use as patterns in the ~/.gimp-x.x/patterns (x.x stands for GIMP version, e.g. 2.8) directory.


How to restore home folder installed apps after reinstall Ubuntu(restore to App menu)

For system wide installed apps, desktop launcher files are installed in a specific location, /usr/share/applications for applications installed using the APT package management system. Launcher files are small text files with the .desktop extension, that provide information to the desktop environment about the application (how to run it, what icon to use, etc.). These launchers are automatically read to build the application menu.
For installations you perform manually, i.e., applications you install under your home folder, you need to install such launcher files yourself under your local .local/share/applications folder. Launchers you put there will appear in the application menu for your user only.
Thus, find or create yourself application launcher files and place them in that folder. These files may or may not have come with your application.


Backing up drives - alternating drives with Backup

@asylumax Using duplicity from command-line you can make many backups as you want in different drives. The issue is when time to time you move arround your local info and try to perform future backups to the same remote backup destiny. Note that duplicity allows you to integrate those backups using the following flag: --allow-source-mismatch
Before anything, check your duplicity version and read the corresponding manual, they have nice documentation.
Click on duplicity website and search your manual.
Suggestion: test it with a copied random folder with files.
Hope this can helps!


Canon LIDE 110: should reconnect USB for each scan

@jeekajoo, your bug is flagged as "fixed" on https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/sane-backends/+bug/1184699 (while it isn't) so I think nobody is paying attention.

The only way I found to avoid errors is to reset (unplug + replug) the scanner between each scan session. But instead of doing it physically, it is possible to use the "usbreset" described here How do you reset a USB device from the command line?
It is VERY quick so it almost doesn't slow the scan process. Here is a little script I wrote to quickly scan multiple pages into one PDF

#!/bin/bash
#let's store the usb ID "BUS" and "DEVICE" of our scanner (04a9:1909 is the usb ID of the Canon Lide 110 when executing lsusb)
canon_bus=$(lsusb | grep '04a9:1909' | cut -c 5-7)
canon_device=$(lsusb | grep '04a9:1909' | cut -c 16-18)

#let's start the scan in batch mode with a resolution of 150 dpi. --device-name is not mandatory but it starts faster when indicated
scanimage -p -b --batch-prompt --device-name=genesys:libusb:$canon_bus:$canon_device --resolution 150 --mode color

#let's convert all *.pnm generated files into pdf
mogrify -format pdf -page a4 -- *.pnm && rm *.pnm

#let's reset the scanner so it is available next time we want to use it. The "usbreset" binary must be compiled from https://askubuntu.com/questions/645/how-do-you-reset-a-usb-device-from-the-command-line
./usbreset /dev/bus/usb/$canon_bus/$canon_device

#let's merge all PDF but only if there are more than one page (so 1 PDF)
nb_pdf=$(ls -1 *.pdf | wc -l)
if [ $nb_pdf -gt 1 ]; then
#let's merge all PDF. We use the "ls -v" command to merge them in a numerical order (otherwise the page 10 would be before the page 2). Thank you "Ymonad" at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23643274/linux-command-merge-pdf-files-with-numerical-sort for this solution!
    ls -v *.pdf | bash -c 'IFS=$'"'"'\n'"'"' read -d "" -ra x;pdfunite "${x[@]}" temp_merge' && rm *.pdf
else
    mv *.pdf temp_merge
fi

#let's compress the merged pdf
gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/default -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sPAPERSIZE=a4 -sOutputFile=scan.pdf temp_merge && rm temp_merge

I hope it'll help others!


Lubuntu VM broken - X does not start and tty's do not allow commands

Since someone decided to vote this question up, I can answer what the problem was:

I had recently installed xmonad and messed with its config, rendering certain keybindings unusable (which I interpreted as X being broken). The problem with tty's malfunctioning still stands, however.


SSH alias results in SSH usage instructions

I get that output too when I type /usr/bin/rlogin with no arguments. My system has this set of symbolic links:

/usr/bin/rlogin -> /etc/alternatives/rlogin
/etc/alternatives/rlogin -> /usr/bin/slogin
/usr/bin/slogin -> ssh

So when you call rlogin, you are calling ssh already.

Your terminals do not launch a login shell, so the changes to .bash_profile do not get seen. Either:

log out and log back in.
move your alias to .bashrc


You should not need to use static settings instead.
Also, I see that you have already found this answer

For a dynamic IP address solution, you should set up a real bridge and use it. Your interfaces file should become:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto br0
iface br0 inet dhcp
   bridge_ports p17p1
   bridge_fd 9
   bridge_hello 2
   bridge_maxage 12
   bridge_stp off

Note: I got some of the settings from the Ubuntu server guide


Lubuntu archive manager fails to open archives

Like mentioned in the question thread here, installing a program from a place other than the repositories (think: Ubuntu Software Center) is the exception, and not the rule.

Warthunder is (indirectly) available from the repositories. You can download and run Warthunder through Valve's Steam digital software delivery system. Steam is available in Ubuntu's repositories either by opening up the software center, or by running sudo apt-get install steam from the terminal. Once inside Steam you can open up warthunder by selecting the free game from the Steam store.

However, if you're set on installing the file you downloaded from the website:

You're seeing that error because the archive contains a binary executable to install warthunder. Again, in linuxland, downloading a binary from the internet and running it is weird. There are a lot of files in the archive that the installation script might need, so it's best to extract the entire archive, and then run the binary file.

In the archive manager program, click extract, and extract the archive to some location (probably either your home directory or ~/Desktop). Open up the directory in the file manager (pcmanfm) and double click on updater. pcmanfm will ask you if you really want to run the executable, and you can choose either to execute it or run it in the terminal.


How to share internet connection only without providing DHCP to other computers on a LAN

By sharing its internet connection, your desktop is acting as a router to the cluster LAN. You should be able to see the instance of dnsmasq running on your desktop that provides those IP addresses:

lar@rpi-lgr13-0199:~$ ps ax | grep dnsmasq
  817 ?        S      0:00 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file --no-hosts --keep-in-foreground --bind-interfaces --except-interface=lo --clear-on-reload --strict-order --listen-address=10.42.0.1 --dhcp-range=10.42.0.10,10.42.0.254,60m --dhcp-option=option:router,10.42.0.1 --dhcp-lease-max=50 --pid-file=/var/run/nm-dnsmasq-enxb827eb017088.pid --conf-dir=/etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq-shared.d
 1013 ?        S      0:00 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --no-resolv --keep-in-foreground --no-hosts --bind-interfaces --pid-file=/var/run/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.pid --listen-address=127.0.1.1 --cache-size=0 --conf-file=/dev/null --proxy-dnssec --enable-dbus=org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.dnsmasq --conf-dir=/etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d
 6987 pts/2    S+     0:00 grep --color=auto dnsmasq

Note → --dhcp-range=10.42.0.10,10.42.0.254,60m. If you were to disable the DHCP assignment, the LAN computers would need to learn about the new route to the internet some other way.

Perhaps better than having competing DHCP servers is to assign static IP addresses on devices. Or you could try using the shared internet connection range as your WiFi DHCP range too.


First open PCMan.  Click View to bring down the drop down menu and check View Hidden.  Now go to ~/.config/openbox
You should see lubuntu-rc.xml
That is where it is located.
(home/your name/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml)
http://lxlinux.com/#19
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Lubuntu/Keyboard


Seagate 4TB USB HDD not auto-mounted - reformat or not?

From the comments...

If you dual-boot with Windows, open a admin command console and type chkdsk /f d: (changing the "d" to the appropriate drive letter) to check the disk.

In Ubuntu, the drive will appear in the left pane of a Nautilus files window, and you can click on it to mount the drive.

As with any newly purchased drive, I would always recommend that you reinitialize it using gparted. Launch it from the Unity dashboard. If it's not already installed, in terminal type:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gparted

Then use gparted to lay down a new GPT partition table, and create fresh new partition(s) as you like. Use NTFS for a drive shared with a Windows system, or EXT4 for a Ubuntu only configuration.

You'll have to edit /etc/fstab to make it auto-mount at boot time. Something similar to:

sudo blkid # to obtain the correct UUID number
sudo mkdir /media/username/some_mountpoint_name # for drives owned by root
sudo chown username: /media/username/some_mountpoint_name # for drives owned by username

and add something similar to one of these to /etc/fstab...

# shared EXT4 disk
UUID=correct_UUID_# /media/username/some_mountpoint_name   EXT4      defaults   0    2

# shared ntfs disk
UUID=correct_UUID_# /media/username/some_mountpoint_name   ntfs-3g   defaults   0    0


How to restore a deja-dup backup using a ubuntu booted from usb live?

Permission denied calls for insufficient permission, try launching deja-dup using sudo it should work then.


How to fix ubuntu 12.10 brightness and lock icon

Try this from your terminal, first install gnome control center :

sudo apt-get install gnome-control-center

After you can start system setting app :

gnome-control-center


I just installed the card and didn't install any drivers. It seems to work as an HBA (host bus adapter). As far as I can tell, software RAID is better than fake-RAID. I have a RAID0 on it that I configured using mdadm (software RAID). The RAID0 was already configured before I added the rocketraid card, and I didn't have to do anything else after that. Essentially, I am using the Rocketraid to add more SATA ports.

I am booting from a separate SSD, so perhaps that makes the switch easier, however I did have some issues with booting. I have two SATA controllers on my motherboard, and with the Rocketraid card installed, I can boot from a disk connected to the Rocketraid or from a disk on the Marvell SATA controller. Of course the SSD takes a performance hit with the Marvell SATA controller (540 GB/s vs 400 GB/s read speed), so I just switched the SSD to the Rocketraid and it boots just fine. Once booted, I can see and use drives on the on-board (non-Marvell) SATA controller.

For what you want to do, my free recommendation would be to get the Rocketraid 2720SGL and two SAS/SATA cables so that you will have 8 SATA ports total.  There are certainly other cards out there, but the 2720 has two main advantages - SATA III/6Gb/s and PCI-e x8.  Most other "cheap" cards out there are x1.

Edit: Now I'm having issues with booting from my startup up disk, which is connected to the controller. I think this is because I added disks after the OS was installed. I seem to remember something buried in a readme file about that.

At any rate, I decided to install the drivers: here's what I did:

Download the webGUI for linux and the open source drivers. I used the generic Linux drivers. http://www.highpoint-tech.com/USA_new/CS-PCI-E_2_0_x8_Configuration.html

To install the drivers, untar the source and navigate to the rr272..blah..product/rr272x/linux folder. There is a readme me along the way, so might as well read it.  In the linux folder, the usual make, make install will build the drivers. You might need build-essential and a few other packages (apt-get install build-essential). There was an error about not finding rr272x_2x, but it seems ok, the driver is rr272x_1x.

Now to install the webGUI, unzip/untar/unpack the webGUI from the website. This is an rpm package so use alien to un-rpm it and convert it to a deb package: alien rr272..blah..$ARCH.rpm. Choose the one appropriate for your architecture type (32 bit versus 64 bit). This will spit out a deb package, which you can install with dpkg -i blah...foo.deb (apt-get install alien, if you don't have it already)

Now reboot, cross your fingers, and short to ground.

Once rebooted, open a terminal and set up the driver for htpsrv to use. This is detailed in the readme file, echo rr272x_1x > etc/htpcfg
now start the server by typing hptsvr in the terminal. You should see fireworks, hear bells and whistles, and be generally underwhelmed by the lack of output. Next, go to your open-source browser, such as Firefox, and navigate to localhost:7402. You might have to substitute an ip address instead of localhost. -u RAID -p hpt You can flash the BIOS via the webGUI too, but I found this out after I went through all the trouble of creating a Freedos USB disk.