You can try these steps:

This removes mysql-server from your System.

apt-get autoremove mysql-server

Check if you still have mysql installed.

mysql -V

This installs mysql-server

apt-get install mysql-server

If you are still having having issues start with

apt-get install -f

If it still does not work try:

dpkg-reconfigure mysql-server


How to hide/unhide menubar of file manager PCmanFM with the Alt key?

Sorry I wasn't sure what you (original poster) was meant by toggle-menubar, so firstly though using Alt+E I get the Edit menu opened so you can use the keyboard to pick an item. Likewise using Alt+F for File, Alt+V for View etc... I tested this on 19.04's pcmanfm-qt as it was what I'm running at the time

@DKBose however felt you were after the means to toggle the menu being visible (using Firefox as an example. A quick look in the shows View->Toolbar->MenuVar shows the 'menu' can be enabled/disabled (or visible/invisible) using a checkbox or ^M  (Ctrl+M) on my pcmanfm-qt (DKBase confirmed it was the same in 18.10; I can check 18.04 later today using pcmanfm but I'd expect it to be).

A quick play whilst invisible showed that Alt+E didn't pull up the Edit menu as I expected (likewise other Alt+menu-entries) until the toolbar was turned back on (or enabled) which may not be an ideal solution, but it's mostly there. (my testing was limited; it was right before I went to bed...)  It was not difficult though to just ^M first then use ^V to use the view menu option.


This password will become the password of the new user in the new Ubuntu installation. If is not password of any old Ubuntu installation.

Provide a username and also type a password twice in the two separate field there. The username is your Login name in new Ubuntu and password is that user's password.


Why am I missing the Ubuntu icon on the log-in screen?

SOLVED IT:

After much digging and asking for help, a gentlemen passed on a link (below) that had the following information:

  The session switcher will only show up if you have more than one
  VALID session; a valid session is one that points to a valid
  executable. By default in 12.10 you will have a session file for
  gnome-shell, but gnome-shell won’t be installed, so the session is
  invalid, leaving you with a single valid session (Ubuntu), and hence
  no session selector!

I was very confused because, I know I had already run the Cinnamon install. But, this at least gave me a reason for the icon not to be there. So, I figured I would run the Cinnamon install again, despite having already run it twice. This time around, it began downloading even more files. I reset the computer and , surprise, the icon was there! It even had the GNOME options available too, despite the fact that the link suggested it wasn't installed...

So, I'm not sure exactly what happened. I can only assume that, while I was working on getting several drivers to run properly after the initial install, I must have messed something up.

Thanks for the help, everyone.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LightDM#Change_the_Default_Session


Problem with dual boot Win 10 | boot-repair unsuccessful

I had a similar issue. My EFI partition had a hidden flag, for some reason. After removing that flag (using GParted) boot-repair worked.


Finding the lines with the lowest value in their third column given grep results


mv: cannot create directory permission denied

You have an error because your account doesn't have permission to write to the directory where you are trying to move the file.  The space in /usr/share is system-wide space.  It's not owned or writable by a normal account.

You can run the command in a elevated mode using sudo.  This will make the command have the effect of being run by the superuser (root).

Run this command instead:

$ sudo mv "/home/bob/Documents/uncompressed files/filmic-blender-master" /usr/share/blender/datafiles/

Note
I added a trailing slash "/".  It isn't required.  But it's a safe guide to avoid mistakenly moving a file into a file instead of a directory.  If you misspell the target directory you could loose your file by writing to a file by that name instead.


The simplest solution might be to enable Grub's GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT feature. Try this:

Open the Terminal
Edit the /etc/default/grub file: sudo vi /etc/default/grub
Change GRUB_DEFAULT=0 to GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
Add GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true
Save the file (Esc⇢:⇢W⇢X
Update Grub with: sudo update-grub

These settings will ensure that your system boots with the last kernel you chose during boot.
Now reboot, hold the shift key when your system comes back up. You should then see the Grub menu. Choose the Kernel that works for you. That will now be "default".
Hope this gives you what you need.


According to this page , either the b43 driver or the Broadcom wl driver will work for your [14e4,4315] chip (not sure what the subset is).

Now, you say you have run sudo apt-get update but have you run sudo apt-get upgrade ?  If not, do that now.  Then install the linux-firmware-nonfree package and the b43 driver should work and network-manager should start.

If things are not working, you probably need to clean up all the Broadcom stuff that is lying around. First purge all such packages you installed.  Look in /etc/modprobe.d by running cat /etc/modprobe.d/* | grep b43  to find any possible line for blacklist b43.  Comment out that line, and reboot or disable/enable wireless.

The pastebin you supplied looks good down to the very end where the firmware load (dmesg output) failed.  Around line 128, the firmware files are listed for the modules.  Look in /lib/firmware/b43 to see if the files ifcode15.fw etc. exist, and are world readable (just post the output of

sudo ls -l /lib/firmware/b43

and we can tell if anything is in the directory.  If the ifcode15.fw and other files are not present, then the linux-firmware-nonfree had an install problem.
OR perhaps the permissions are just wrong to allow you to read anything.  You can take ownership of the directory and its contents by (assuming your username is "bob":

sudo chown -R bob:bob /lib/firmware/b43

Now you should be able to ls -l /lib/firmware/b43 without the sudo, see files owned by you.
Now reboot and see if you get a list of nearby wireless access points by clicking on the little pile of arcs in the title bar (the network manager applet).  Click on yours to connect, or if yours is not present, maybe click on "connect to hidden"  or "more networks".

Nothing is in the folder, so install the linux-firmware-nonfree package

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Then look in the /lib/firmware/b43 folder again and you should see file with the .fw extension.

sudo apt-get install network-manager

should also try to install the networkmanager, but it is part of the regular installation, so it is probably already present.
nm-applet is the name of the proram which puts the pie shaped pile of arcs in the titlebar, you could just try running it yourself in the terminal if you don't see the icon.

nm-applet

But again, this should be running automatically on a fresh install.


Forward port from 80 to 9000 not working

Consider using the Uncomplicated Firewall, rather than trying to make your chain rules directly. Check out the usage of ufw here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/firewall.html

Add before filter section in /etc/ufw/before.rules(top of file):

*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 9000
COMMIT

Also, check your sysctl settings:

sudo vim /ufw/sysctl.conf

make sure that port forwarding is enabled.

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

Save the file,then restart ufw.


Raspberry Pi 4 Compute module 4 CM4 no Wifi with Ubuntu 20.04 server

Problem
My student research group had this issue after flashing RPi/CM4 with Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS; when running ls /sys/class/net and sudo hwinfo --network --short only eth0 and lo exists.
Problem solving
We ran dmesg | grep -i sdio and discovered an error regarding failed to load driver for Wi-Fi chipset (image).
When checking the drivers installed, by running ls /lib/firmware/brcm/ , there were two drivers missing (image):

brcmfmac43455-sdio.txt

brcmfmac43455-sdio.raspberrypi,4-compute-module.txt

Solution
note: be aware of the difference between 43455 and 43456.

We found the first driver on github: https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/blob/master/brcm/brcmfmac43455-sdio.txt

Just download it in the folder using
sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/master/brcm/brcmfmac43455-sdio.txt

For the second driver we did not find anything, however, we compared the the following drivers:

brcmfmac43456-sdio.raspberrypi,4-compute-module.txt

brcmfmac43456-sdio.raspberrypi,4-model-b.txt

and discovered they where identical. Just duplicate the brcmfmac43455-sdio.raspberrypi,4-model-b.txt and rename it to brcmfmac43456-sdio.raspberrypi,4-compute-module.txt.
After reboot Wi-Fi works!
Distro issue?
We believe this may be a distro-issue..


Which image-viewers in linux support the `webp` image format?

Here are the Linux image-viewers, that display webp images:

Chrome, Firefox65+ |ESR ~68.0 & all major browsers
eog, with webp-pixbuf-loader
feh, with imlib2-webp (unconfirmed)
GIMP  ver 2.10
GraphicsMagick
gThumb  from trusty-release or above ~3.4.3
Gwenview //from KDE
ImageMagick
nomacs
PhotoQt
qview
Thunar // in old system, update mime-info
vwebp -part of libwebp
XnViewMP

and others from wiki


See if the line

  include "/usr/share/themes/oxygen-gtk/gtk-2.0/gtkrc"

is located in your ~/.gtkrc-2.0 file, and try removing it. This worked for me. The only line now in my ~/.gtkrc-2.0 is

  gtk-theme-name="oxygen-gtk"


It may just be a problem with the forum formatting, but the < and > are presumably intended to be word anchors and as such need backslash escapes \< and \>

sed -e 's/\(\<[^ ]*\>\)\([ ]*\)\(\<[^ ]*\>\)/\3\2\1/g'

i.e.

echo 'GNU Linux is cool'| sed -e 's/\(\<[^ ]*\>\)\([ ]*\)\(\<[^ ]*\>\)/\3\2\1/g'
Linux GNU cool is

However like the previous posters I'd also suggest using the GNU -r extended form to cut down the number of escapes

sed -re 's/(\<[^ ]*\>)([ ]*)(\<[^ ]*\>)/\3\2\1/g'

The word anchors would not seem to be necessary at all if you change the * (zero or more) to + (one or more)

echo 'GNU Linux is cool'| sed -re 's/([^ ]+)([ ]+)([^ ]+)/\3\2\1/g'
Linux GNU cool is


You have to recreate a new fstab file inside /etc directory and add  an entry for your root partition, so that your Ubuntu os will boot.

Method 1:

Recreating /etc/fstab file via Recovery mode

Boot into Recovery mode and then drop to root shell.
Run sudo blkid command to know the UUID of your /(root) partition.It will show something like this,

/dev/sda1: UUID="52e062e0-716c-4828-9bf1-05b93fdaef93" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda1: UUID="2F4DAFCF02D7EBEB" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda3: UUID="039E0CF305398945" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda5: UUID="C68C57908C5779BF" TYPE="ntfs"

From the sudo blkid output, identify your root ext4 partition and note down its corresponding UUID.
Now mount your / partition in Read Write Mode by running the below command.Please note that the simple mount / command for mounting your root partition won't work because of the deletion of /etc/fstab. So, if your / was /dev/sda1, run this command:

mount -t ext4 -o rw,remount /dev/sda1 /

The above command will mount your / partition in read write mode.Run the below command to create a new fstab file inside /etc with the appropriate line to mount your /. In the example above, my / has UUID=52e062e0-716c-4828-9bf1-05b93fdaef93, so I would run:

echo "UUID=52e062e0-716c-4828-9bf1-05b93fdaef93 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1" > /etc/fstab

Exit from the root shell and boot your Ubuntu OS, it will surely bootup.

Method 2

Recreating /etc/fstab file via Ubuntu live disk

Boot ubuntu live disk.
Run sudo blkid command and note the installed Ubuntu partition's device id and the UUID.
Mount your root partition,

 sudo mkdir /media/ubuntu
 sudo mount /dev/sdaX /media/ubuntu

Now go into the /media/ubuntu via nautilus and create a fstab file inside /etc.
On that fstab file, add an entry for your root partition like below.

 UUID=52e062e0-716c-4828-9bf1-05b93fdaef93 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1

Save that file.And boot into your installed Ubuntu.

Note: My root partition's UUID was given above.Please give your's.After booting into your installed Ubuntu OS, don't forget to add fstab entry for your swap partition.


Compiz Magnifier Box doesn't work on Ubuntu 12.10

I don't seem to be presented with the same window. Check the general tab and see what it holds. Possibly try checking for updates to the application as well. My window is as below:

I managed to set it to zoom in but I wasn't presented with a box to show the zoom contents, my entire screen zooms into the area around the cursor.

Setting "Zoom out" action as Ctrl + D and the Zoom Box action as Shift + Right Mouse Click gives: - Holding Shift and left clicking will zoom into the area around the cursor. - Holding Ctrl + tapping D will zoom out at a steady pace to allow to be less zoomed    or  - Hold Ctrl + D to zoom out entirely.

Of course you can set the Zoom factor to be greater or less to zoom into your required level automatically.


The safest way is to see if it has been backported
enable the backport repositories.

Next option is to download it from the repository that has it.
Provided it doesn't create a dependency mess it should run fine.

though, updated software often requires updated dependencies


.iei is not a standard image format, it's a thumbnail cache for Image Eye program (which, btw, seems to be Windows-only).

I'm pretty sure nobody bothered to write a converter, so your only option is to write a program yourself.


Why am i getting the error message "package 'owncloud' has no installation candidate?"

The package exists. Check the list file, it should look like this;:

$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/owncloud.list
deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/isv:/ownCloud:/community/xUbuntu_14.10/ /

And don't forget to add the public key:

wget http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/isv:ownCloud:community/xUbuntu_14.10/Release.key
sudo apt-key add - < Release.key

After that

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install owncloud

Sample output on my system

$ sudo apt-get install owncloud
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  apache2 apache2-bin apache2-data apache2-utils exim4 exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light
  heirloom-mailx libapache2-mod-php5 libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap
  libhtml-template-perl liblua5.1-0 libmcrypt4 libpq5 libterm-readkey-perl mysql-client-5.6
  mysql-server mysql-server-5.6 mysql-server-core-5.6 owncloud-3rdparty owncloud-app-activity
  owncloud-app-external owncloud-app-files owncloud-app-files-encryption
  owncloud-app-files-external owncloud-app-files-locking owncloud-app-files-pdfviewer
  owncloud-app-files-sharing owncloud-app-files-texteditor owncloud-app-files-trashbin
  owncloud-app-files-versions owncloud-app-files-videoviewer owncloud-app-firstrunwizard
  owncloud-app-gallery owncloud-app-provisioning-api owncloud-app-templateeditor
  owncloud-app-user-external owncloud-app-user-ldap owncloud-app-user-webdavauth
  owncloud-config-apache owncloud-server php-pear php-xml-parser php5 php5-cli php5-common
  php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php5-json php5-mcrypt php5-mysqlnd php5-pgsql php5-readline
  php5-sqlite
Suggested packages:
  apache2-doc apache2-suexec-pristine apache2-suexec-custom eximon4 exim4-doc-html exim4-doc-info
  spf-tools-perl swaks libipc-sharedcache-perl libmcrypt-dev mcrypt tinyca clamav clamav-daemon
  smbclient php5-imagick libav-tools ffmpeg php5-ldap php5-apcu php-apc php5-dev php5-user-cache
Recommended packages:
  mailx
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  apache2 apache2-bin apache2-data apache2-utils exim4 exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light
  heirloom-mailx libapache2-mod-php5 libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap
  libhtml-template-perl liblua5.1-0 libmcrypt4 libpq5 libterm-readkey-perl mysql-client-5.6
  mysql-server mysql-server-5.6 mysql-server-core-5.6 owncloud owncloud-3rdparty
  owncloud-app-activity owncloud-app-external owncloud-app-files owncloud-app-files-encryption
  owncloud-app-files-external owncloud-app-files-locking owncloud-app-files-pdfviewer
  owncloud-app-files-sharing owncloud-app-files-texteditor owncloud-app-files-trashbin
  owncloud-app-files-versions owncloud-app-files-videoviewer owncloud-app-firstrunwizard
  owncloud-app-gallery owncloud-app-provisioning-api owncloud-app-templateeditor
  owncloud-app-user-external owncloud-app-user-ldap owncloud-app-user-webdavauth
  owncloud-config-apache owncloud-server php-pear php-xml-parser php5 php5-cli php5-common
  php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php5-json php5-mcrypt php5-mysqlnd php5-pgsql php5-readline
  php5-sqlite
0 upgraded, 60 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 45.8 MB of archives.
After this operation, 236 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]


apt-update problem for https://ocean.surfshark.com/debian stretch InRelease

Go to https://support.surfshark.com/hc/en-us/articles/360017418334-How-to-set-up-Surfshark-VPN-on-Linux-
Then follow steps 1 and 2 (Basically you are downloading and running the code to install surfshark).
Note: I am not pasting the steps 1 and 2 because they rely on a link to the most up to date version of surfshark, and this link may change with time.
These steps will update the keys with a valid one.
Then you can "sudo apt update" and you will see that the problem is gone.
Note2: This worked on my Kubuntu 20.10


Does installing extra desktop metapackages increase "start-up time"?

Installing lots of packages can definitely have a negative impact on performance.  Many people argue about the actual impact; some call it insignificant, which theoretically might be true if none of the packages install start-up daemons. The reality is that many packages install daemons, and each daemon will require additional resources at boot time.

If you want to rectify this perceived problem, I recommend you carefully review your packages, and remove those you deem extraneous.  Without knowing the packages, and what each one provides, this can be a very confusing task.  You may find you've over-removed, and might have to install specific packages again.

To make the process less risky, I highly recommend installing deborphan.  It will help you locate orphaned dependencies.  Additionally, you may want to also use debfoster, to identify which meta-packages should be removed.  Just proceed with caution, and investigate package names if you're unsure.

To install Deborphan and Debfoster, run:

sudo apt-get install deborphan debfoster

Here is a small list of commands, which I use to help this process:

List Installed Packages: dpkg -l | cut -d' ' -f 3 | sort
List Orphaned Lib Packages deborphan --guess-all
List Orphaned Packages deborphan -a | awk '{ print $2 }' | sort


How to make a new playlist in VLC player and assign songs?

In VLC under "View", there you have an entry "Playlist".
When you have organized you playlist you can save and name it with the following step: Under "Media" you have the entry "Save Playlist to File".


Can not access a server through Shadowsocks proxy, installed on it.

Well, I avoided the problem by switching proxy container to --network-host, but it is not a proper solution.


First up, I'd try removing your xorg.conf file - recent versions of Xorg can generally work out most of your system's configuration automatically. Move it to somewhere safe, so you can restore it if necessary:

sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf $HOME/xorg.conf.bak

then, restart your machine for the changes to take effect.

If you still see the broken behaviour, you can see what outputs X has found by using the xrandr utility. It will tell you the monitors it has found, and what resolutions they support. For example, this is what my machine says (some lines removed for brevity):

Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 3360 x 1200, maximum 8192 x 8192
LVDS1 connected 1440x900+0+300 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 287mm x 180mm
   1440x900       60.0*+   59.9     50.0
   1360x768       59.8     60.0
   1152x864       60.0
   1024x768       60.0
   800x600        60.3     56.2
   640x480        59.9
VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI1 connected 1920x1200+1440+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 518mm x 324mm
   1920x1200      60.0*+
   1920x1080      50.0     60.0
   1280x800       59.8
   1024x768       60.0
   800x600        60.3     56.2
   640x480        60.0
DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

Next, manually configure your monitor setup with xrandr. Something like this would work (you may have to change VGA1 and LVDS1 to the actual names you see in the xrandr output earlier):

xrandr --output LVDS1 --auto --primary --output VGA1 --auto --right-of LVDS1

If that works, then you know that the low-level stuff is okay. Then, you can try to recreate this monitor configuration using the standard display properties UI.

If not, let us know what happens and we can suggest further ideas.


If you do have high value files not backed up then I suggest you obtain a Ubuntu liveCD [or usb] and boot off it (which should avoid this screen ) ... once booted up then plug in a memory stick and backup treasured files/dirs

Now that your are booted up off the Ubuntu LiveCD open up a terminal ( ctrl+alt+T ) and issue

sudo -i    # to toggle into root
fdisk -l

at bottom you should see something like this

Device     Boot      Start        End    Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *          2048 1431805951 1431803904 682.8G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       1431807998 1465147391   33339394  15.9G  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       1431808000 1465147391   33339392  15.9G 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Identify your boot device ( the one with * for me its /dev/sda1 )

issue

umount /dev/sda1
fsck -y /dev/sda1 # leave off -y if you want prompts to OK fix actions
reboot

The motive for booting off Ubuntu LiveCD is your normal drive can then be unmounted ... something you (cannot/should not) do when booted from it


15.04: How to enable predictable network interface names by default?

In Ubuntu 15.04'ssystemd, predictable interface names is opt-in by default instead of opt-out. So you have to specify on the kernel command line net.ifnames=1

For example, in grub configuration file, /etc/default/grub

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash net.ifnames=1"

You wil also have to remove /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules and to avoid it being regenerated at each boot you need to run

sudo ln -s /dev/null /etc/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules


Is it possible to embed a pdf reader in QupZilla browser?

Install the Kparts Plugins
As per this german wiki page the kparts-plugins can be used.
You need have the universe repository activated. Then issue the following command in a terminal
sudo apt-get install kpartsplugin

Beware that if you don't have the KDE-Desktop installed already, on a Ubuntu 14.04 those packages will be installed with the kpartsplugin package:

kdelibs5-data libattica0.4 libdlrestrictions1 libkdecore5 libkdeui5 libkio5 libkparts4 libnepomuk4 libnepomukquery4a libnepomukutils4 libsolid4 libsoprano4 libstreamanalyzer0 libstreams0 soprano-daemon

Update
On my Ubuntu 14.04 running Unity clicking a link won't open it in the browser, but will give me the choice to either save it or open it in a external application. I don't know why this doesn't work (ie. it doesn't work!). Since the kparts plugin is loaded I suspect it must be a error in the kparts plugin configuration.
Until now I've just translated and copied the relevant stuff from what others said. Since the OP said he couldn't make it work (see comments) I've tested myself and lo-and-behold I can't make it work either.


How do I uninstall Ubuntu 14.04.1 from a Vista machine?

If i understand right, you still have a windows partition, you deleted Ubuntu (deleting also grub, which allows you to get to windows or Ubuntu or any other operating system. Grub isn't Ubuntu, you seem to think it is Ubuntu).. you've fixed grub again, so now you just need this:

Removing GRUB from windows system after uninstalling Ubuntu from Windows 7


How can I start my screen in rotate mode 90/-90 or 180/-180 or 45/-45 angle?

I've come across a script that does what you want to do:

#!/bin/sh
  rotation=`xrandr -q | grep "Current rotation" | cut -d"-" -f2`
  if [ $rotation = "normal" ] ;
  then
    xrandr -o left   <-------- change it to whatever you want
  else
    xrandr -o normal
  fi

Simply save these lines in a file and make it executable. The script
simply checks for the current rotation mode. If it’s normal then it
sets it to left, otherwise it sets it to normal. (note that to use
this script, you must have the RandR extension and your video driver
must support it).

As you can see you can change just those values to fit your needs.

Or just type this:

   xrandr -o orientation <------- where "orientation" is left, right, normal, etc.

Source


In Ubuntu, this alias is defined by default in the ~/.bashrc file, in mine like this:

$ grep "alias ll" ~/.bashrc
alias ll='ls -alF'

Another file read by default is the ~/.bash_aliases. It may not exist until you create it, but it's the recommended way of storing aliases as keeping them in a separate file provides clarity. Your ~/.bashrc contains the following section, the if expression in which loads this aliases file if it exists:

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

As for zsh I suppose the alias is defined in the same manner in your ~/.zshrc file or any file sourced by it. If you use oh-my-zsh it may be contained in lib/directories.zsh or plugins/common-aliases/common-aliases.plugin.zsh.

sh (= dash in Ubuntu) reads only ~/.profile, which normally doesn't contain any aliases as they are defined shell-specific. In the case of an alias as simple as alias ll='ls -lh' however you could go for a definition in ~/.profile. Further reading: Is there a “.bashrc” equivalent file read by all shells?


Will Ubuntu Phone OS be entirely open source?

At the time of writing, there's no clear statement on to what extent it will be open source. It will be built using and based on a lot of open source components, yes, e.g. OpenGL, Linux kernel, QML, etc.

It may consists of some closed source parts for various reasons: firmware for hardware support, a way to improve security (not discussing if that would be a good idea here), etc.

  If [Ubuntu OS would be entirely open source], how could mobile carriers like AT&T lock the phone to work only with their SIM?

Open source software and a SIM-lock aren't really related here.

The radio part of a phone is a completely independent piece of hardware. The SIM-lock is usually in there, rather than a check in software. It can be controlled (locked/unlocked) however with hardware-specific calls to this. Android is no different in this, as the kernel-level here is also Linux (GPL).


prime-select nvidia not reflected in "about" Ubuntu 18.04

you need to reboot after running

  prime-select (nvidia or intel)

for the changes to take effect,

also ligtDM (Display manager) with Unity 7 (now community maintained) desktop (deptecated by Canonical since Ubuntu 16.04) seems to work better, for nVidia with multiple GPU setup,

than GDM (Display Manager) which is the default for Gnome Desktop which is the default Desktop Environment since Ubuntu 18.04 (I think).


Installing Ubuntu, stuck on partitioning

You do not have enough free space.

Try to free some and give "/" more space.

You'll need to resize your "/" partition,

Resizing partition with GParted:

  http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/gparted.html#mozTocId335513


Can't install Kubuntu or any other linux

I had the same problem as you. I finally could boot KALI distro (in live first, then installing it completely). To do that, I changed manually in the GRUB.CFG file the boot options, adding the following ones:
noeject noautomount acpiphp.disable=1 pcie_aspm=off nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=14000

It worked!
I need to thank all the users of various forum who gave some piece of information.
What I understood is that the specific model of SSD Drive (a Western Digital SSD drive) was not recognized.


Why can't I create a file in “/” or main Directory in Ubuntu?

In Ubuntu most anything you do outside of your own home directory requires you to become a superuser, in other words to become Root, or to gain root privileges which are all the same.

How do I become a "superuser"?

Now with being root you will have a greater responsibility to keep your system in a stable state but also a very high risk to break it. Root can do anything including breaking your OS to a state where you will have to re-install Ubuntu as the only option remaining for repair.

There are only rare conditions where creating directories outside of /home/ may be needed. It certainly is not the way our understanding of the file system heirarchy is. In addition backups or a system reinstallation becomes harder with every single file residing outside of /home.

  So if you are a beginner to the Ubuntu world I strongly advise you to not create directories or files outside of your home directory unless you really really know that you badly need them to be there, and your are 100% certain that there is no other solution.


Access the DEB files contained in the ISO installation image

After some searches I discover that the installation ISO contain the DEB files in extracted state, so no DEB file but only Installed Packages. ;)


I solve this problem by installing xterm from software, and running /usr/bin/gnome-terminal. This gave me an error I hadn't seen before, which was that my python installation was not as expected. I fixed the python installation and everything works again.

The python issue was that I was trying to use a python version manager, but gnome-terminal was looking for the binary python3 in /usr/bin. I had disabled that binary by renaming it to old_python3. I renamed it again to python3 and everything worked.


Minecraft on Linux may require a few tweaks before running optimaly.

Minecraft recommends Oracle Java vs open alternatives.  You should only need the Java Runtime Environment (JRE).
Documentation for Java provided by Ubuntu.
Minecraft ships with an outdated version of lwjgl. (This is no longer true on newer versions of Minecraft)
Give Minecraft additional memory on runtime
Adjust -Xmx1024M -Xms512M when running Minecraft to higher values.  Stick with powers of two (ie: How you'd buy RAM)
Use OpenGL.
Add -Dsun.java3d.opengl=true to the command to run Minecraft
Try Optifine.  Notch gave these guys capes, it's such a good mod.  It will optimize Minecraft for your computer.
Try better/newer graphics drivers.
Do some research on your graphics card and see if there are better drivers.
Minecraft does not rely too heavily on graphics, so this should be your last effort.

As of Minecraft 1.12.2, you'll want Java 8 JRE (preferred) or Java 7 JRE.  Newer versions of Java may cause issues.


Can't install wpa_supplicant on Ubuntu Server

You can download the file as a deb package and you will be able to install it without having to compile anything.

You can get the deb packages HERE

Choose your version and then download the .deb file under Downloadable files section.

Once you have downloaded that and have it on your Ubuntu machine I will give you step by step instructions since you noted you are new to Ubuntu.

The easiest way for me to do this would be for me to tell you to copy the file from the USB to your desktop. I'm assuming you have a file manager and can do that easily.

OK first we want to open a terminal.
now in the terminal type

cd Desktop

and press enter *note the capital D in desktop .. cd desktop will come back with an error.. it is case sensitive.

Now you will need to type the following but change the name to the name of the file you needed to download.

sudo dpkg -i ~/Desktop/wpasupplicant_0.7.3-6ubuntu2_amd64.deb

if it runs into dependency problems you are going to have more issues because of course you will need to download those also.


Is file permission secured when it transferred from Ubuntu to Windows?

NTFS supports permissions, you just need to tell Ubuntu where and how to enable them via the /etc/fstab file.

Follow bodhi.zazen's instructions in your second link (the one answered Dec 28 '11 at 16:31). Those instructions tell Ubuntu to automatically mount the external drive using the options from the fstab file. Once you do that, and remount the drive, your chmod will work.


The Launcher doesn't appear nor the Manager apps and settings

Open a terminal window by pressing CtrlAltt and type

unity --reset

This will take a minute or two to set your Unity back to defaults and restart itself.

If you've got applications open you may still be able to switch to them and maximise with AltTab


Partial upgrade from 12.04 now can't boot

1st option : get a CD including Boot-Repair

2nd option : install Boot-Repair in Ubuntu

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair &&

  sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (boot-repair &)


windows not showing Ubuntu files in D drive which i installed ubuntu

Ubuntu uses ext4 as its Filesystem (just like Windows uses NTFS/FAT32). Windows doesn't have in-built ability to read or write on this filesystem.

You would have to use a tool like Ext2Read. However, this isn't a perfect option. It won't allow you to write on Ubuntu's Partition. So you would only be able to read the files and copy them on your NTFS/FAT32 Partition in Windows. There is one more drawback that it sometimes fails to copy large files/folders. You must always cross-check even while copying smaller files.

However, the best way to access these files is Log into Ubuntu and copy the files which you require to your Windows Partition.


can't change update server in lubuntu 17.10

I used sudo ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d and then removed two items from list by running:
sudo rm -i /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu-wine-ubuntu-ppa-artful.list.save
sudo rm -i /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu-wine-ubuntu-ppa-artful.list
and now sudo apt-get update works great


I opened Settings Manager -> Display and configured displays using it. After reboot there was no settings reset.

[SOLVED] Dual monitors resolution reset on each restart - NVIDIA Developer Forums


How to put the 'Ctrl' key over the 'Win' key in Ubuntu 13.10?

Had the issue too. The problem with the xmodmap is it needs to know what environment to run under. So the solution I used is to put it in a script file and make the script executable:

#!/bin/bash
xmodmap /home/jed/.xmodmaprc

For more info, see:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1558155
How do I  remap command key to be the control key on a Macbook 4,1?


How to get rid of black lines in top screen [ubuntu 12.10]?

Turning on "Tear Free Desktop" (Catalyst Control Center -> Display Options -> Tear Free) seems to make the dashes less frequent.


What application to manage a large collection of short home videos?

The default file manager for Ubuntu based systems is called Nautilus or "Gnome Files", which does not natively support tagging. However, Kubuntu and KDE based systems use the Dolphin file manager which does support tagging.

While you can install Dolphin inside a regular Ubuntu system it appears it will not do the tagging functionality. There are some workarounds for Ubuntu based systems, but they are relatively complex and not well supported, whereas KDE and Dolphin support tags in an easy to use way out of the box.


Why dpkg asks "Override local changes to /etc/pam.d/common-*?" when libpam-runtime/override is set to false?

With Debian Jessie, explicitly setting the libpam-runtime/override value as follows avoided the interactive question during cloud-init:

runcmd:
  - 'echo "libpam-runtime libpam-runtime/override boolean false" | debconf-set-selections'
  - 'apt-get update'
  - 'apt-get -y install sssd-ldap'
  - 'systemctl enable sssd'
  - 'systemctl restart sssd'


I think the better you can do is to erase the content of the DVD (more or less like formating a disk).

In Brasero you have the option in the tools menu to Blank a disk. This will erase all the content from the disk and prepare it to write new data. It's possible that you have closed the DVD and this is why you don't have permissions to write in it.

Also, it can be because you account isn't running Brasero with enough permissions, for this you can try to open Brasero from a terminal with sudo brasero.

If you add more information, maybe we can give you a better answer. For example, what is the exact message that appear?


Nautilus Connect To Server Can't type in GUI

I recently had a similar problem with Nautilus on Budgie 20.10. What I did was to:
sudo apt install gvfs-backends

I restarted Nautilus and was able to connect to the remote server.


How do I change how the mouse pointer looks?

download gnome and tweak tool then change cursor bindings.

To install type in terminal: sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool
then change the settings.

screenshot

You can choose from some of the stock cursors or download new cursor packages and install them.


This worked for me.

http://goinggnu.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/read-your-sd-card-with-your-ubuntu-laptop/

  Backup the file /etc/modules

sudo cp /etc/modules /etc/modules.bak

  Add one line to /etc/modules

gksu gedit /etc/modules or sudo vi /etc/modules

  Tag this on to the end of the file in a new line:

tifm_sd

  When you restart, you’re card reader will be functional. You’ll see
  that when you slap an SD card into the reader, it will automount.

  But wait, don’t want to have to restart your machine? Go back to the
  terminal you impatient person and type:

sudo modprobe tifm_sd


Boot Repair - 'Close all package managers...' Dual Boot Installation

It is because the update manager is checking for update in background. Go to 'about this system' and then click install updates.
After the check was complete just click remind me later. Then you can use boot repair. It will not show that error message after that


how to make wget retry download if speed goes below certain threshold?

You could use the --tries option.

   --tries=number
       Set number of retries to number.  Specify 0 or inf for infinite
       retrying.  The default is to retry 20 times, with the exception of
       fatal errors like "connection refused" or "not found" (404), which
       are not retried.

So --tries=0 should do the trick.

That, combined with --read-timeout=seconds too. The seconds refers to idle time: if, at any point in the download, no data is received for more than the specified number of seconds, reading fails and the download is restarted.

So the final command:

wget -c --tries=0 --read-timeout=20 [URL]


"Twixtor" ? Any open source equivalent for Ubuntu Linux?

Have a look at

  SlowmoVideo

slowmoVideo is an OpenSource program that creates slow-motion videos from your footage.

But it does not simply make your videos play at 0.01× speed. You can smoothly slow down and speed up your footage, optionally with motion blur.

How does slow motion work? slowmoVideo tries to find out where pixels move in the video (this information is called Optical Flow), and then uses this information to calculate the additional frames.

The download page also includes .DEBs for 12.10 and 12.04.


How can i tell what went wrong on resume from hibernation?

DebuggingKernelSuspendHibernateResume and DebuggingKernelSuspend from the Ubuntu Wiki contain some tips.


It appears that the German mirror you're using did not deliver. You could retry, or if the problem persists, try another mirror (change from de.archive.ubuntu.com to, say, uk.archive.ubuntu.com).


How would I batch edit video file metadata for an mp4?

Before proceeding, please make a backup copy of the videos you wish to process. The command below replaces the existing files.

find /home/user/videos-to-process/ -type f -iname '*.mp4' -exec ffmpeg -i "{}" -codec copy -metadata artist="John Smith" -metadata album="Foo Bar" "{}.new.mp4" \; -exec mv "{}.new.mp4" "{}" \;

Here's the same command, formatted for clarity:

find /home/user/videos-to-process/ -type f -iname '*.mp4' \
  -exec ffmpeg \
    -i "{}" \
    -codec copy \
    -metadata artist="John Smith" \
    -metadata album="Foo Bar" \
    "{}.new.mp4" \; \
  -exec mv \
    "{}.new.mp4" "{}" \;

What does this do?

Recursively finds all .mp4 files (case-insensitive extension comparison) in /home/user/videos-to-process.
Creates a new video file, copying the existing streams, with the desired metadata.
Replaces the original video file with the new video file.

Step 2 copies the existing streams; we are not reencoding (this is a good thing). You are simply changing the metadata. I ran this over a directory with six files, each about 1GB. Total processing time was about 30 seconds.


HDMI from baseus usb-c pd hub wont work on 20.04

I think in your case you are lucky.
Not all the laptops having USB-C support video over it.
It happens the same to me on a Hp laptop.
I saw one message on Dell support site reporting the same problem with 5 different USB devices.
https://www.dell.com/community/XPS/XPS-13-9310-not-working-with-USB-C-to-USB-A-HDMI-adapter/m-p/7771169
But on the 5th link I found a solution.
I found another message in Dell support site for your model where they were able to connect both monitors, one by HDMI and the other by USB-C dongle after updating the BIOS.
https://www.dell.com/community/XPS/External-USB-C-Dock-Question-XPS-13-9310/td-p/7765095
Here you have the link to the BIOS update:
https://www.dell.com/support/home/us-en/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=c77dm
Version: 1.1.1
From: 2020-Oct-28
The description says that fixes issues with Intel graphics output.
Please, be very careful when upgrading the Firmware. Is a very delicate process. Do it with plenty battery and connected to electricity to avoid interruptions in the process.
Hope it works. Good luck.
Cheers.


How to record desktop screen with audio?

If RecordMyDesktop does not work properly for you, you can use a script instead.

The script can be found here on GitHub.

To use, copy the script into a text file (use your favourite text editor) and save it in your home directory. Give the script execute permission

chmod 755 name-of-your-file

Then you can execute it easily:

./name-of-your-file

The script:

#!/bin/bash

NAME=screencast-$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M)
FPS=4
THREADS=3

echo "Click the window to capture and get ready!"

tmpfile=/tmp/screengrab.tmp.$$
trap 'touch $tmpfile; rm -f $tmpfile' 0

xwininfo > $tmpfile 2>/dev/null
left=$(grep 'Absolute upper-left X:' $tmpfile | awk '{print $4}');
top=$(grep 'Absolute upper-left Y:' $tmpfile | awk '{print $4}');
width=$(grep 'Width:' $tmpfile | awk '{print $2}');
height=$(grep 'Height:' $tmpfile | awk '{print $2}');
geom="-geometry ${width}x${height}+${left}+${top}"
echo "Geometry: ${geom}"
size="${width}x${height}"
pos="${left},${top}"
echo "pos=$pos size=$size"

sleep 2
ffmpeg -y -f alsa -ac 2 -i pulse -f x11grab -r $FPS -s $size -i ${DISPLAY-0:0}+${pos} -acodec pcm_s16le $NAME-temp.wav -an -vcodec libx264 -preset ultrafast -threads 0 $NAME-temp.mp4

echo Merge audio+video and encode to webm for YouTube? && read

ffmpeg -i $NAME-temp.mp4 -i $NAME-temp.wav -acodec libvorbis -ab 128k -ac 2 -vcodec libvpx -qscale 8 -me_method full -mbd rd -flags +gmc+qpel+mv4 -trellis 1 -threads $THREADS $NAME.webm

Usage is also demonstrated in this YouTube video.

Editor's note: please do not give security-risk 777 permissions to the file as shown in the video. 755 will be more than sufficient.


It may be the problem due to WIFI hardware switch turned off.Please the try the following to get it rectified

Type the following in terminal

rfkill unblock all

To confirm anything is off.Please do the following

rfkill list all

This may help you


How do I disable window move with alt + left mouse button in GNOME Shell?

First of all, install dconf-tools .

To do that, run the following command:

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

Then open it, Alt+F2 → dconf-editor.

Scroll down to org → gnome → desktop → wm → preferences → mouse-button-modifier → Set it to whichever key you like.

Or, equivalently,

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences mouse-button-modifier "<Super>"

in the terminal. (This requires neither dconf-editor, nor dconf-tools )

Warning: Setting it to nothing means that all clicks move windows, instead of disabling it!


Maximize an application with known PID from CLI

This should work:

xdotool windowactivate `xdotool search --pid YOUR_PID_HERE | tail -1`

xdootool reports a quite a few window id-s when looking up by pid, so I "tailed" the output to only get the last window id from the output. For me it worked well with both Firefox and gnome-calculator. If xdotool only reports one window id for your pid then the tail pipe is of course unnecessary.


iPod not recognised in Windows guest on Kubuntu

I am answering my own question as I have found the solution to this particular problem.

After some help from Rostislav, I discovered that none of my USB devices were being recognized in the VirtualBox itself!

The Extension Pack was installed.
The Guest Additions were installed in the Windows 7 guest machine.
I had selected USB 2.0 as the controller in Settings.

I just needed to run sudo adduser YOURUSERNAME vboxusers (and then logout and login again)!
The installation process of VirtualBox did not do this automatically. This answer helped me solve this issue.

If anyone else is having the same problem, you can check if you are a member of the vboxusers group or not.

cat /etc/group | grep vboxusers

I hope this helps!


You need to use Ubuntu as a firewall/gateway router. Please check this Scenario

Or you need Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) provides the ability for one computer to share its Internet connection with another computer. please check the wiki Internet/ConnectionSharing


HDMI initially worked, no more and screen issues when try

I realized that I had changed settings for Jupiter (a power manager that can also handle displays and other goodies) to be for the internal display only (to be using the display stuff efficiently to conserve battery life. To fix this, I just set the monitor to another mode (clone mode was what I wanted in this case, although others would have worked just fine).  So what was the issue? My own stupidity in forgetting that I placed a restriction on the monitor. I tested it and it works fine (inc. sound when you change the sound output).  Cheers!


Is there anyway yet of disabling the Gmail labels showing in the notification area?

There is no way to do this actually besides changing the integration script to act accordingly or to be a bit more clever.

You could add a "feature request" to the launchpad page, to have more control on amount of integration (or allow scripts to define sort of "integration groups" that could be enabled/disabled).


Most Ubuntu ftpd's use Linux own right management this means you have to set the privileges via chown and chmod


Just choose the mirror nearest to you from this page and download the Ubuntu version you want. I just checked, and Ubuntu 14.04 is available from the UK mirror (the one nearest to me).


if anybody else faces this problem and gets here, what solved the problem for me was to edit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.confand add the following line:

options snd-hda-intel model=auto


How to get rid of "untrusted connection" error in Empathy

I made it! I have found out that after turning on option:

  Launch GNOME services on startup in Settings Manager -> Session and startup

I was able to ged rid of this annoying notifications.

However after turning that option on Onboard keybord is starting up as well and my desktop background is black without option to change it. I'll try to fix it but I can live with that.


How to get file from Linux partition that various tools cannot find?

The most logical approach is to boot from a live USB session and mount the partitions. That will also take out any guessing: this method will list all  partitions from the file manager and you can click them to mount them. If clean that will show a list of files regardless of what the filesystem is (works for ext, ntfs, and fat and probably also exfat but that was likely not used back then and might require installing a driver).

Then use locatedb to update the cache including the mouted disks and use locate to scan the system for .pst and .PST. Or use find.

Side note comment: .pst is an outlook or an exchange server archive. I would assume those should be on a Windows partition.


Open file by mouse click on file path in terminal

Not a click-only solution, but a select / hit a keystroke / click solution, which on the other hand allows to open any selection (also outside of a terminal) and in different editors (and to do lots of other neat things);

Download Colinker from here;

Open Terminal by hitting CTRL+ALT+T;

Install Colinker's dependencies by running sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jre xclip;

Install Colinker by running unzip ~/Downloads/Colinker-1.0.1.zip && sudo mv ~/Downloads/Colinker-1.0.1 /opt;

Edit Colinker's configuration file by running nano /opt/Colinker/config.xml;
Here's a sample configuration file to open a selection in Gedit:

<Configuration>
    <Env>
        <timerDelay>4000</timerDelay>
        <defaultBrowser>firefox</defaultBrowser>
    </Env>
    <popupMenu>
        <item name="Open with Gedit">
            <program javaEscapeSelectedText="true">
                <location>gedit</location>
                <arg>__SELECTEDTEXT__</arg>
            </program>
        </item>
    </popupMenu>
</Configuration>

Bind the execution of Colinker to a keystroke by adding a custom shortcut running the following command:

bash -c "cd /opt/Colinker; java -jar Colinker.jar \"$(xclip -o)\""

That's it! Final result:

Opening Terminal with CTRL+ALT+T

Running find ~/tmp -type f -iname '*.txt'

Selecting "/home/user/tmp/file.txt"

Hitting the keystroke

Clicking "Open with Gedit"


Samba shows folders which are not accessible for a user

Add:

hide unreadable = yes

to the share definitions in your config.

This is called "access-based enumeration" in SMB vernacular.


setxkbmap is not running on startup in rc.local

Don't think that it is useful to run any programs with 'x' in their names before the actual X GUI session is started.

Put it into 'Startup Applications' (or whatever it's called in KDE).


Schedule shutdown every day on Ubuntu 20.04

With a quick search, I hopefully found the answer you're looking for
Automatic shutdown at specified times?

" Cron will work very well for this.
Add the below line (with tweaks) to the end of /etc/crontab:
30 23 * * * root shutdown -h now "

From:  Automatic shutdown at specified times?
Reply if it worked! Good luck!
To run sample.sh twice a day. say 5am and 5pm
0 5,17 * * * shutdown.sh

where shutdown.sh has the contents
shutdown

Or, if you want another way:

# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# | .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# | | | | |
# * * * * * user-name command to be executed
  0 0 * * 0 root      /sbin/shutdown -r now # reboot every sunday at 00:00 am

Or, alternativly you can use:
sudo crontab -e

and enter
0 0 * * 0 root      /sbin/shutdown -r now
For example
References:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/208205/how-to-schedule-shutdown-every-day
https://www.unix.com/red-hat/173983-cronjob-command-shutdown.html
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix_commands/crontab.htm
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CronHowto
https://www.ryadel.com/en/linux-auto-reboot-shutdown-cron-job-crontab-task-scheduler/
https://linuxize.com/post/cron-jobs-every-5-10-15-minutes/
shutdown 5:30pm every day
recurring scheduled shutdown


Ubuntu doesn't detect windows 10 while installing

I was facing the same issue when I was installing my Ubuntu 19.04 for the 1st time alongside my Windows 10. The only guide that helped me was this one:

https://www.tecmint.com/install-ubuntu-alongside-with-windows-dual-boot/

Now I've just upgraded to 19.10 and everything is working just fine alongside my Windows 10.

But before doing anything make sure you have these steps covered 1st:

1- Check that you have less than 4 partitions if it's in MBR format (Master Boot Record), including system reserved, in order to be able to choose your free space in the installation phase.

To check whether your HD is MBR or GPT follow these steps:

You can check you HD on Windows 10 by pressing the "Windows Key+R" to open the Run dialog, type “diskmgmt.msc” into the box, and press Enter.

Locate your Main HD, it should be indicated as disk 1 as shown below and right-click on it and choose "properties":

Finding your main HD

You will see this image:

HD Properties find Partition style

If it's MBR then make sure that you have at least 2 partitions plus your system reserved which makes them 3 in total. Otherwise, the Ubuntu installation will not recognize the free space and will display it as Unallocated space and will be un-clickable.

If it's in GPT then you're good to go.

2- I recommend giving Ubuntu more than 16 GB as the minimum recommended space is 19 GB. But I personally recommend more than that, I gave mine 50 GB of free space. Why is that? The more you get used to Linux the more you'll start using it more and more as your main daily OS and that forces you to install more apps and use up space in creating new projects and tasks. A 16 GB partition will be eaten up fast as soon as you start falling in love, Which you WILL, with LINUX Ubuntu.

3- Make sure to boot Windows 10 first after a successful installation to check whether everything inside Windows is intact and working fine, then you restart and boot Ubuntu for the 1st time.

4- Make sure to get the latest updates and upgrades after a successful installation by opening the terminal ctrl + t and running the following:

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade
$ sudo apt dist-upgrade

If you decided to upgrade later on to the latest Ubuntu 19.10 version, follow the instructions in this blog:

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-upgrade-ubuntu-to-19-10-eoan-ermine

Sorry for making it long but it's a delicate process and 1 wrong step might fry your HD or break your windows. So I had to make sure to cover every single issue I personally faced when installing both Ubuntu alongside Windows 10.


How to rename file names to different encoding?

Use convmv, a CLI tool that converts the file name between different encodings.
To convert from (-f) these encondings to (-t) UTF-8 do the following:

convmv -f CP1251 -t UTF-8 inputfile
convmv -f KOI-8  -t UTF-8 inputfile
convmv -f ASCII  -t UTF-8 inputfile

In addition, if you want to convert the file content, use iconv, a CLI tool to convert file content to different encodings. To convert from (-f) these encondings to (-t) UTF-8 do the following:

iconv -f CP1251 -t UTF-8 inputfile > outputfile
iconv -f KOI-8  -t UTF-8 inputfile > outputfile
iconv -f ASCII  -t UTF-8 inputfile > outputfile


How accurate is epoch time in nanoseconds?

Does it represent the moment i hit enter in nanoseconds?

Well that couldn't be. Many things happen between your hit on Enter and the command outputting :

Your shell interprets the command and executes /bin/date.
The kernel creates a process, gives it a PID, sets its parent, gives some address space, registers the process, and so on...
The /bin/date program executes. It probably requires some memory to be allocated. It calls several time-related kernel routines, which cause the process to alternate several times (just like any other you'd say...) between user mode and kernel mode.
The command output is sent to stdout, and you can see it in your terminal, hourray!

Basically, you could put it this way :

You hit  Enter.
[a few milliseconds pass, see above]
The date program calls the magical routines in time.h, switching into kernel mode for each of them. Here, the OS gets the current time from the hardware clocks.
[a few milliseconds pass, see above]
You get the output.

Those intermediate times may vary according to several things, they're barely measurable. As an example, if your CPUs have many processes to handle, then your date process will have to sleep longer between each of its execution phases.

One could go even further by adding :

You get the output.
Your eyes blink (100-400 milliseconds says Wikpedia).
You actually see the output.
Your brain interprets and understands it.

Adding a few more milliseconds to the count.


MATE remove window list from panel using dconf write or

Consider to use gsettings instead of dconf.
Simple hacky way:

gsettings set org.mate.panel object-id-list \
"$(gsettings get org.mate.panel object-id-list | sed "s/'window-list', //")"

Explanation. On my clean installation of Ubuntu MATE 18.04 LTS the output of

gsettings get org.mate.panel object-id-list

is

['briskmenu', 'firefox', 'notification-area', 'indicatorappletcomplete', 'clock', 'show-desktop', 'window-list', 'workspace-switcher', 'trashapplet']

With | sed "s/'window-list', //" piping we can remove 'window-list', from parameter value and change it to the following:

['briskmenu', 'firefox', 'notification-area', 'indicatorappletcomplete', 'clock', 'show-desktop', 'workspace-switcher', 'trashapplet']

then we pass this value to gsettings set org.mate.panel object-id-list.

Note: this method is also suitable for Ubuntu MATE 16.04 LTS.


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS cannot suspend / fails on suspending

I have the same problem, although it seems to be a bug rather some kind of misconfiguration, so there is nothing we can do about it right now. Let's hope the fix will be released soon. There is related bug report you can follow: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1566302

EDIT

In discussion from the link above, someone pointed out that the bug was fixed in kernel 4.4.8 and in fact it solves the problem for me. That means the issue was identified and we can expect an update in a few days.

If you're impatiant like me and you know what you're doing, you can install the new kernel by yourself from here: http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.4.8-wily/


Ubuntu 12.04 boot up is unreasonably slow

I think for that processor it is not all that slow.  You could try boot chart to see if it tells you anything useful.


Uninstall the proprietary NVIDIA drivers and disable the use of the nouveau drivers.

Open a terminal and execute :

sudo apt-get install gksu
gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

so that it reads GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nouveau.modeset=0".

Save changes and close the file.

Now execute these commands :

sudo update-grub
sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo reboot

Now you are using the integrated intel graphics and the NVIDIA graphics are not in use.


Dual Boot Issue, Windows 7 64 bit Ubuntu 12.10 64 bit

If you have already tried sudo update-grub but grub still doesn't detect Windows, you can try manually inserting the grub menu entry below in the relevant section (where you have the lines "### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###" and "### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###" and nothing in between) by entering sudo gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg in terminal, and then saving and rebooting your computer.

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry 'Windows 7' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-1A8422008421DECF' {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ntfs
    set root='hd0,msdos2'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos2 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos2  1A8422008421DECF
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1A8422008421DECF
    fi
    chainloader +1
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

If this solves the problem and Windows 7 does work, you might like to make this manual solution permanent by entering the entry also to this system file /etc/grub.d/40_custom

If this doesn't solve the problem, you might need your Windows 7 installation disk to repair its bootloader by booting from it and going to recovery mode. It should be adequate to use the fixboot only (and not the fixmbr option) so as not to override the grub2 bootloader.

Note: I also have (pre-installed) Windows 7 and (user-installed) Ubuntu 12.10 (both 64-bit) working flawlessly, although I never use Windows (I don't know why I don't delete it ;-)


Why do Ubuntu Servers connect to likho.canonical.com:80?

I believe in teaching people to fish so why don't you visit http://likho.canonical.com/? Port 80 is habitually web traffic so that's why I'm suggesting opening it in your browser.
You'll quickly see that likho.canonical.com is a repository. It's probably just a load-balancing thing (a round-robin A record to be precise) for the archive.ubuntu.com address. The domain you're seeing it the reverse IP lookup.
Therefore a connection from your server is probably a reflection of your server updating its local package records, and/or subsequently downloading updates.
How do we confirm likho.canonical.com is legitimate?
Well first let's prove that likho.canonical.com can be resolved from archive.ubuntu.com. Here's the trimmed dig archive.ubuntu.com output:
;; ANSWER SECTION:
archive.ubuntu.com. 149 IN  A   91.189.92.176
archive.ubuntu.com. 149 IN  A   91.189.92.177
archive.ubuntu.com. 149 IN  A   91.189.92.200
archive.ubuntu.com. 149 IN  A   91.189.92.201
archive.ubuntu.com. 149 IN  A   91.189.92.202
archive.ubuntu.com. 149 IN  A   91.189.91.13
archive.ubuntu.com. 149 IN  A   91.189.91.14
archive.ubuntu.com. 149 IN  A   91.189.91.15   <- This is likho.canonical.com
archive.ubuntu.com. 149 IN  A   91.189.92.156

And here are the lookups in both directions proving that 91.189.91.15 also resolves as likho.canonical.com (and vice versa):
$ host 91.189.91.15
15.91.189.91.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer likho.canonical.com.

$ dig likho.canonical.com +short
91.189.91.15

If you want further proof, you could do some TCPdumping to sniff out the traffic but I think that's crossing into an unneccessary high level of paranoia. If you can't trust your repos, you need to cut the Ethernet cable.
More fun with DNS and friends
If you want to play around, you can get the rest of the names of their servers that archive.ubuntu.com resolves to:
$ dig archive.ubuntu.com +short | xargs -I% host %
15.91.189.91.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer likho.canonical.com.
156.92.189.91.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer danava.canonical.com.
176.92.189.91.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer cursa.canonical.com.
177.92.189.91.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer zaurac.canonical.com.
200.92.189.91.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer obake.canonical.com.
201.92.189.91.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer urayuli.canonical.com.
202.92.189.91.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer sudice.canonical.com.
13.91.189.91.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer ragana.canonical.com.
14.91.189.91.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer orobas.canonical.com.

See which has the lowest latency for you:
$ dig archive.ubuntu.com +short | xargs -I% ping -c1 % | awk '/time=/ {split($7, array, "="); print $4 "\t" array[2] "ms"}' | sort -n -r -t$'\t' -k 1
91.189.92.202:  19.8ms
91.189.92.201:  19.8ms
91.189.92.200:  19.4ms
91.189.92.177:  20.5ms
91.189.92.176:  19.6ms
91.189.92.156:  20.2ms
91.189.91.15:   97.4ms
91.189.91.14:   95.9ms
91.189.91.13:   96.4ms

And here's how you triangulate somebody's location to within three feet just using their latencies from known locations... Okay... Maybe not. It's probably possible to within a 50 miles (if you know the server locations and network links) but you'd need to know a lot more information than I certainly have.


Can I move/resize windows a pixel at a time with my keyboard?

Moving/resizing windows by 1px

Assuming you are using Unity, the script below moves or resizes windows by 1 px. The script can be run with 8 different arguments. Depending on the move/re-size options you want to use, you can add the commands to a shortcut key combination. An overview of options and the corresponding commands below:

Exceptions/limitations

There are a few limitations:

gnome-terminal windows can only be re-sized in steps. As a result increasing/decreasing the window size by 1px does not work with gnome-terminal.
The window to be moved/re-sized needs to be at least a few px from both the Unity launcher and the top panel.

How to use

First install wmctrl, which is needed to get the window geometry and to move the window.

sudo apt-get install wmctrl

Create a directory ~/bin (so in your home directory)
Copy the script below into an empty file, save it as move_window (no extension)
Make it executable (right-click on the file > Properties > Permissions (tab) , tick "allow execute")

To test, open a terminal window and run subsequently:

move_window l
move_window r
move_window u
move_window d

Since the terminal window is the front-most, it should move 1px to the left/right/up/down.

(As mentioned, resizing does not work with gnome-terminal)
If it works correctly, add the commands to shortcut keys;
choose: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts". Click the "+" and add the commands to four different shortcut key combinations. That might be tricky, since the commands you mentioned are probably occupied. What worked on my system:

Shift+Ctrl+arrow key left
Shift+Ctrl+arrow key right
Shift+Ctrl+arrow key up
Shift+Ctrl+arrow key down

for the move actions.
For the resize actions you'll have to try additional combinations.

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import sys
# calibration
cal = 4
# direction, as argument from user input (l, r, u, d / h+, h-, v+, v-)
direction = sys.argv[1]
# move step size
mv = -1 if  direction in ["l", "d", "h-", "v-"] else 1

def get(command):
    return subprocess.check_output(["/bin/bash", "-c", command])\
           .decode("utf-8")

def execute(command):
    subprocess.call(["/bin/bash", "-c", command])
# find the top shift (height of the panel = resolution - working area)
res_output = get("xrandr").split(); idf = res_output.index("current")
res = (int(res_output[idf+1]), int(res_output[idf+3].replace(",", "")))[-1]
topshift = int(res) - int(get("wmctrl -d").split()[8].split("x")[-1])+cal
# find frontmost window
def get_windowid():
    cmd = "xprop -root"
    frontmost = [l for l in get(cmd).splitlines() if\
                 "ACTIVE_WINDOW(WINDOW)" in l][0].split()[-1]
    return frontmost[:2]+"0"+frontmost[2:]
# get window geometry, create move command
set_w = [w.split()[0:6] for w in get("wmctrl -lG").splitlines()\
          if get_windowid() in w][0]
set_w[0] = "wmctrl -ir "+set_w[0]+" -e 0"
set_w.pop(1)

if direction in ["l", "r"]:
    set_w[1] = str(int(set_w[1])+mv); set_w[2] = str(int(set_w[2])-topshift)
elif direction in ["u", "d"]:
    set_w[2] = str(int(set_w[2])-topshift-mv)
elif direction in ["v-", "v+"]:
    set_w[2] = str(int(set_w[2])-topshift); set_w[4] = str(int(set_w[4])+mv)
elif direction in ["h-", "h+"]:
    set_w[2] = str(int(set_w[2])-topshift); set_w[3] = str(int(set_w[3])+mv)

execute((",").join(set_w))

Note

There is a little difference in the way wmctrl reports the window geometry, and the way wmctrl sets the window geometry. In the first case it calculates from the full screen (resolution), in the second case only from the working area (??). Even then, The script had to "calibrate" 4 px vertically, for which I found no satisfying explanation. The good news is that on different computers, I saw no difference in the deviation.

If in your case the window makes unexpected jumps, leave a comment.

Explanation

How it works

The front-most window is looked up with the help of xprop:

xprop -root

Somewhere in the (extensive) output, there is a line like:

_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW(WINDOW): window id # 0x4600a8d

from which our window-id can be parsed: 0x4600a8d.
Since the format is a bit different from wmctrl, we need to add a zero on the third position: 0x04200085
The window id is used to look up the window and its current geometry data, in the output of wmctrl -lG. Once we have the correct line, the data we have on the window looks like:

0x04200085  0 322  52   823  998  <computer_name> <window_name>

where column 2, 3, 4, 5 are subsequently:

x coordinate of the top left corner of the window
y coordinate
width of the window
height of the window

by manipulating these figures, we can move/resize the window with the command:
(example to move the window to the right by 1 px, changing "322" into "323")

wmctrl -ir 0x04200085 -e 0,323,52,823,998

There are a few complications to deal with, but that is basically how it works.


How to know current file in large Move operation?

Find the process id (pid) of the copy command.
List the files at /proc/(pid)/fd

For example, doing this for an editing session shows:

$ ll /proc/7496/fd
total 0
lrwx------ 1 wally wally 64 Jul  9 21:02 0 -> /dev/pts/6
lrwx------ 1 wally wally 64 Jul  9 21:02 1 -> /dev/pts/6
lrwx------ 1 wally wally 64 Jul  8 23:44 2 -> /dev/pts/6
lrwx------ 1 wally wally 64 Jul  9 21:02 4 -> /home/wally/.bashrc.swp


Script that should add 1 to a variable adds 2 instead

You add 1 to $var for every line, but you want to do so only when it matches EXTINF:-1:

use something like the following to skip non-matching lines:

while read ...; do
    [[ "$LINE" =~ EXTINF:-1 ]] || continue
    ...
    <other commands>
done < iptv_download.m3u

Some additional hints:

Instead of cp file.tmp file and rm file.tmp you can just run mv file.tmp file.
Use $(...) instead of backticks which are considered deprecated.


From the ubuntu wiki page concerning lubuntu

We have done many tests and we've found out that Lubuntu can be installed on a Pentium II or Celeron system with 128 MB of RAM, but such a system would not perform well enough for daily use.
With 256MB - 384MB of RAM, the performance will be better and the system will be more usable.
With 512MB of RAM, you don't need to worry much.
The default "Desktop" installer requires 384-800 MB of RAM (depending on selected options.) If you have problems, please use the alternative installer.

Click here to go to the lubuntu download page


go: cannot find GOROOT directory error on installing go in wsl

It should be:

export GOROOT=/mnt/d/go
export GOPATH=/mnt/d/go_space
export PATH=$PATH:/mnt/d/go/bin:$GOPATH/bin

Because mnt is not set as anything, $mnt will return nothing.

Log out and log back in to apply the changes.

You see, PATH is an environment variable which is already set. You can run the following command to show what it is set to:

echo $PATH

There are also other variables, like HOME and USER too:

echo $HOME
echo $USER

and you can set your own:

export foo=bar

and check it:

echo $foo

and you can also add something like hello to foo like this:

export foo=hello:$foo
echo $foo

or

export foo=$foo:hello
echo $foo


I realize this is a very old post now, but since I have the answer, I thought it would be helpful to follow up.

For any of the OpenJDK or Oracle java versions, updating java.security as shown below will correct one of the issues with using the Adaptec Storage Manager for the 2410SA raid controller under Linux.

Change

jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms=SSLv3, RC4, MD5withRSA, DH keySize < 768, EC keySize < 224

to remove the RC4:

jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms=SSLv3, MD5withRSA, DH keySize < 768, EC keySize < 224

The other significant required changes to java.security are:

jdk.serialFilter=*
sun.rmi.registry.registryFilter=*
sun.rmi.transport.dgcFilter=\
java.rmi.server.ObjID;\
java.rmi.server.UID;\
java.rmi.dgc.VMID;\
java.rmi.dgc.Lease;\
maxdepth=5;maxarray=10000

I tested these changes with Ubuntu 14.04.5 and 16.04.3.

As a side note:
OpenJDK 7u151-2.6.11-0ubuntu1.14.04.1 and 7u151-2.6.11-1+deb7u1
do not require the change to jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms.

Since the Adaptec Storage Manager version I am using is old (asm_linux_v4.30-16038.rpm), and is no longer supported at that version,
changing the java.security file was my only option aside from the arcconf command line utility which works fine either way.

Perhaps this post will help somebody some day.


this -

sudo apt-get update

Only updates the repository , use

sudo apt-get upgrade

Upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in /etc/apt/sources.list.

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of also intelligently handles anging dependencies with new versions of packages; apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary.  So, dist-Upgrade command may remove some packages.

As mentioned before update will install all the newest packages , If you only want to update a particular package use-

sudo apt-get install package_name

But if everything other then that package is already updated , you can directly use UPDATE.


Boot first to terminal can't subsequently load graphical unity in 14.04

In running startx you have to specifically setup the desktop environment that you are running.  The defaults will not be the lightdm environment.

To have the normal Ubuntu/Unity environment you're familiar with you have to run the lightdm session.  You can do this by running:

$ sudo systemctl start lightdm


Upgrade fails. How should I interpret the apt.log?

If you can, go through that list of packages and sudo apt-get purge them. Then try:

sudo apt-get update
sudo do-release-upgrade

again.

Also, you can now install Ubuntu 14.04 and you are given the option to upgrade an existing Ubuntu installation that allows you to keep the data in your home folder during the installation process. Always back up your data first of course. You may not be able to keep all the applications you have installed through apt-get and software center but at least you get to keep your downloads, saved data and some of your settings.

Alternatively, you could otherwise choose the option "something else" set your mount point at " / " and make sure to NOT have the option to FORMAT selected . . . again, do not select to format.

Installing without formatting allows you to overwrite the program files and directories while keeping your home folder intact thus preserving personal data and settings. Again, always make a backup.


How to remove conflict package in ubuntu?

Sorry, you are misinterpreting the information. This does not mean python2.7-dev:i386 is installed. It means that if you install the 32-bit developer version 2.7 of python it will remove python 2.7 and the 32-bit version of python 2.7.

If you want to see what is installed and named "python2.7" you can use

$ dpkg --get-selections | grep -v deinstall | grep python2.7

and it should return something like this...

libpython2.7:amd64              install
libpython2.7-minimal:amd64          install
libpython2.7-stdlib:amd64           install
python2.7                   install
python2.7-minimal               install

And to actually answer how to delete it ... Deleting a package is done with 'apt-get remove' or 'apt-get purge' (also removes configuration).

sudo apt-get purge python2.7-dev:i386

will tell you it is NOT installed ...

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package 'python2.7-dev:i386' is not installed, so not removed

(please do not do this randomly with packages since it will remove software you might need).


Command line calculator that keeps fractional values

You can set the length of the fractional part with scale=n.

The command echo 'scale=20;752/447' | bc yields:

1.68232662192393736017

Note that even if the number fits within the scale, additional zero's might be appended:

scale=20
1/2
.50000000000000000000

Unfortunately, there is always a rounding issue:

scale=50
1/3*3
.99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999


Linux Server only gets IP Config after first logon

There are two options you can use to configure your network.  You can use Network Manager or use the /etc/network/interfaces configuration.  The /etc/network/interfaces configuration setup will override the network manager configuration.

I'll give you two options.  Once is for static IP and the other is for a dhcp assigned ip.  Since you are setting up a server where you want to be able to login remotely, I'm assuming that you have a static IP that you will be using.  So you will most likely be more interested in the first one.

First identify your network adapter will will most likely be eth0 or eth1.  I'll use eth0 for this example.  You can identify the adapter by running ifconfig from your current working setup.

Static IP configuration

Add these lines to your /etc/network/interfaces file:

# I used a private IP for my example.  You'll have to get your
# specific IP from your internet provider.  If you are provided
# with a static IP they will also give you your specific gateway
# and network mask.  The DNS server is a public courtesy provision
# of Google.

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
  address 192.168.1.101
  netmask 255.255.255.
  network 192.168.1.0
  dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8
  post-up /sbin/route add default gw 192.168.1.1 eth0

Dynamic IP configuration

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp


Prevent packages 'on hold' to show up when I upgrade

Pin a package version using Apt Preferences

Check current priority policy for my package, Example with virtualbox:

$ apt-cache policy virtualbox
virtualbox:
  Installed: 4.3.6-dfsg-1
  Candidate: 4.3.6-dfsg-2
  Version table:
     4.3.6-dfsg-2 0
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/multiverse amd64 Packages
 *** 4.3.6-dfsg-1 0
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

Create new file in /etc/apt/preferences.d/

sudo vim /etc/apt/preferences.d/my_pin

Add package you want (joker * can be used), with higher priority (default 0, max 1000, or even negative value like -1 to skip a version)

Package: virtualbox*
Pin: version 4.3.6-dfsg-1
Pin-Priority: 500

Check again:

$ apt-cache policy virtualbox
virtualbox:
  Installed: 4.3.6-dfsg-1
  Candidate: 4.3.6-dfsg-1
  Package pin: 4.3.6-dfsg-1
  Version table:
     4.3.6-dfsg-2 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/multiverse amd64 Packages
 *** 4.3.6-dfsg-1 500
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

No need to use hold, So sudo apt-mark unhold virtualbox but you could leave it as 2nd lock.

Now, if I check apt-get update, nothing is mentioned about about virtualbox (In held back packages listing).

Reference: How to use APT Preferences Pinnig
Hash sign # can be used to comment lines in APT Preferences files.


Installing Mysql Workbench in Ubuntu 14.04

From here: http://www.devopsservice.com/install-mysql-workbench-on-ubuntu-14-04-and-centos-6/.

Download the repository using wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.3.5-1ubuntu14.04_all.deb.
Install it with sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.3.5-1ubuntu14.04_all.deb
Update the apt packages by runnung sudo apt update -y.
Install with sudo apt-get install mysql-workbench-community -y
During the setup, select workbench, version 6.3 and then apply to finish the installer.


Accessing Windows 10 files from Ubuntu 20.04

You have a bit of work to do if you expect to "discover" then "connect" to a Windows 10 machine from Ubuntu 20.04.

In Win10 you have to have SMB 1.0/CIFS Server enabled.

In Ubuntu 20.04 you have to enable SMB1 on the client side. You do that by editing /etc/samba/smb.conf and right under the workgroup = WORKGROUP line add this one:

client min protocol = NT1

( Samba calls smb1 NT1 just to confuse people )

You could restart smbd: sudo service smbd restart But the best thing to do is just reboot.

Reason: The version of Samba in Ubuntu 20.04 disables SMB1 on both the client and server side just like Win10 does. Without SMB1 there is no NetBIOS discovery or name resolution.

The alternative is to leave Ubuntu and Win10 alone and access the Win10 machine and it's share directly using mDNS ... or by ip addresss:

In the Location bar of caja enter the mDNS network path to your Win10 machine and it's share - don't forget the .local at the end.

smb://win10-host-name.local/share-name

mDNS in Linux is called Avahi and Ubuntu server doesn't install it by default. I don't know if installing MATE over the server brings it in so just to be sure install it manually:

sudo apt install avahi-daemon


How to create directory and change it's owner with the deb package

You were right, you need a debian/my_package.postinst file to perform such operation:
#!/bin/sh

#DEBHELPER#

set -e

DIR="/var/log/my_package/"
USER="my_user"

mkdir -p ${DIR}
if id -u ${USER} > /dev/null 2>&1; then
    chown ${USER}:${USER} ${DIR}
fi

Note: The script checks if the user exists before calling chown.


Can Microsoft Access files be edit in Ubuntu?

The best solution so far for accessing accdb files has been ucanaccess for LibreOffice 4.2

http://ucanaccess.sourceforge.net/site.html

I downloaded the latest version (was "UCanAccess-2.0.5-bin.zip"), and unzipped it to a  place where I will not delete the files.
Then in LibreOffice followed at:
Tools→Options→LibreOffice→Advanced→Classpaths
I just added the archives and closed LibreOffice, just like documented on ucanaccess pages.
Opening first time requires bit typing. At jdbc: write ucanaccess:// and your mdb or accdb file path/filename.
Then at Driver Class field: net.ucanaccess.jdbc.UcanaccessDriver
Next give our name and possibly password, and then select where to save it. You are done.


how to change virtualbox keyboard shortcut

Change the 'host key':

file -> preferences -> input

Change the Host Key to something other than ctrl.

~~edit~~

NOTE: the host key can be something like 'Right Ctrl'.  The left control key acts normally, and the right key is used as the host key.


Running a script everyday using a cronjob

If you wanted the task to run every day at 3:17pm, you would use:
17 15 * * * root newmail.sh

This says "run newmail.sh as root every day of the week, every day of the month, every month at 3:17pm."

minute hour dom month dow user cmd
minute - This controls what minute of the hour the command will run on, and is between '0' and '59'
hour - This controls what hour the command will run on, and is specified in the 24 hour clock, values must be between 0 and 23 (0 is midnight)
dom - This is the Day of Month, that you want the command run on, e.g. to      run a command on the 19th of each month, the dom would be 19.
month This is the month a specified command will run on, it may be specified   numerically (0-12), or as the name of the month (e.g. May)
dow - This is the Day of Week that you want a command to be run on, it can     also be numeric (0-7) or as the name of the day (e.g. sun).
user - This is the user who runs the command.
cmd - This is the command that you want run. This field may contain     multiple words or spaces.

from: http://www.unixgeeks.org/security/newbie/unix/cron-1.html


I had horrible clicking/popping sounds from my Logitech G35 USB headset. It worked fine on windows but not Fedora. There would be a painful sharp crack every now and again when music was playing, and every time I'd seek to a new spot in a track or on youtube.

The following additions to /etc/pulse/daemon.conf seems to have improved things, although I've only tested for about an hour. These options increase audio delays/buffer sizes, and reduces the sampling rate. It's pretty severe, so if it works start playing with the numbers to find a balance. Not sure which option is the main suspect yet.

resample-method = src-sinc-best-quality
default-sample-format = float32ne
enable-remixing = yes
default-sample-rate = 16000
deferred-volume-safety-margin-usec = 16000
default-fragments = 8
default-fragment-size-msec = 60
nice-level = -15

After saving, run pulseaudio --kill, pulseaudio --check and pulseaudio --start if no errors.

Update: Pretty sure the 16khz sampling frequency essentially removes the crackles with a low-pass filter. Ugly quality, but better than aching ears.


You can install and use wmctrl to do something like what you want.

Say you want to start <program> only if another instance of it isn't running. If another instance of <program> is running, switch to it instead.

Run

wmctrl -a <something> || <program>

or

wmctrl -ax <something> || <program>

depending on which works for you. <something> will be derived from the output of wmctrl -l or wmctrl -lx which you will run when the program you wish to control is open.

You can then assign a shortcut key to that or use it in a script and make a desktop launcher for that script.


How to play Soma.FM on Google Chrome with Ubuntu 12.10

I'm not sure that there is a Chrome plugin that will support streaming audio. I use media players like iTunes and Rythmbox instead.

Add a new Internet Radio Station in Rythmbox (Control-I) using the following address: http://somafm.com/lush.pls or visit http://somafm.com/lush/directstreamlinks.html for other streaming source links. I've found that using the links rather than downloaded .pls files is better when dealing with soma.fm streams.


How to use Ubuntu with read-only file system?

Instead of doing it yourself, why not using the live cd of ubuntu ?

Here is a tutorial on how to boot the live cd of ubuntu from the hard drive (in your case your flash drive).

http://www.dangibbs.co.uk/journal/how-to-boot-live-cd-iso-with-grub2-ubuntu

And here is a tutorial on how you can customise a live cd :

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCDCustomization

Best regards.


The GNOME Terminal is very slow in GNOME 3

I have the exact same problem.  It doesn't happen all the time, but it does happen a majority of the time and I hate it.  Also, text prints very slowly in the terminal.  So if I print out a large number of characters, the terminal spits it out in jumps and increments.  It's very laggy.  This is a major issue.

UPDATE: I press alt-f2, then hit "r" to reset Gnome.  Your session remains intact, but it reboots Gnome, and then my terminals work very nicely...so this is a memory leak or bug in Gnome.


Ok, you have a few things going on in here so I'll attempt to break them down:

It looks like you want the package liblz4-dev but you're trying to install libzlz4-dev (note the extra preceding "z").  If you run sudo apt install -y liblz4-dev, you'll be successful.
You're running Ubuntu 20.04 (focal) but are trying to install the package from Ubuntu 16.04 (xenial) which is giving you the unmet dependency errors.  You would want the link https://packages.ubuntu.com/focal/liblz4-dev instead.
Following up on N0rbert's comment, you can just install rsync by doing sudo apt update && sudo apt install rsync which bypasses all these difficulties all together.


After upgrading to 2015.04, VirtualBox crashes at Windows VM start, nothing in log

Here is how I solved the problem:

Uninstall VirtualBox
Download the latest VirtualBox release at https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads
Run the GUI once to update extensions
Run as usual


Error: Cannot find backlight controller for radeon acpi graphics card

With bootscreen check here
so you should change the "quiet splash" to "nomodeset" using load screen;

or if you do not have several boot options:
 after loading press Alt+CTRL+F1 -> login as user or admin -> follow Coldfish answer here

this should help

PS : as the result i can now login successfully, but i see some strange popup that says that something ith monitor connection(on my laptop)


Hangs on Splash Screen after login (auto-login), how can I fix this?

I did a reinstall and that fixed it for me.

The details are: I did a netbook install -- without mp3 option, without download while installing -- though I suspect that didn't matter and most likely my first install was off a corrupt disk.

btw, Netbook didn't work for me, there were many more errors with that, but using the Ctrl-Alt-F1 technique above got me a new login session, and logging into the regular desktop was a success. Yey!


How to make files accessible only by root?

Make sure that the owner of the application is root and set the permissions such that only the owner can run it.

sudo chown root:root /path/to/application
sudo chmod 700 /path/to/application

If you look now at permissions with ls -l /path/to/application, you should see the following: -rwx------ root root, meaning that root can read, write and execute, and anyone else cannot even read that file.


how to install triangle quake into ubuntu on virtualbox

Triangle is provided from the Ubuntu Multiverse software repository. After we had enabled the Multiverse repository it can be installed with:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install triangle-bin

The installed application triangle will be called from the command line:

triangle  [-display  host:display.screen]  [-visual  visual]  [-window]
   [-root] [-delay number] [-ncolors number] [-fps]

For options see the manpage for triangle.


What are the differences between "GTK theme" and "Window theme" in tweak tools?

The windows theme refers to the buttons at the tops of a window. The gtk theme is the color of the menus , backgrounds, and buttons/dialogs within windows.

gnome look has additional screenshots and examples.


You are looking for ctrl+PageUp and Ctrl+PageDown - this can also be found in Geany under Help->Keyboard Shortcuts in the notebook section


Ubuntu 20.04 not booting after fresh install

Check latest available kernel: https://packages.ubuntu.com/focal-updates/linux-image-generic. Your kernel looks out of date
Boot and select oldest available kernel
replace @@kernal@@ with a.b.c-d-generic where a.b.c-d is version you see in step 1

sudo update-initramfs -c -k @@kernal@@
sudo update-grub


What is the permission group 'others' in Linux file system?

Others is not technically a group. Other is everyone that is not the owner or in the group. For example, if you have a file that is root:root then root is the owner, users/processes in the root group have group permissions, and you are treated as other.


Thin line between window decoration and launcher

Maybe you found out already, but apparently this is a design feature:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity/+bug/1373118 (comment #6)


Compress all folders in a directory into their own .rar files

If you really need .rar extension then you need to install rar.

sudo apt install rar

The following commands will compress all the directories in current working directory (Use command pwd to know your current directory):

for dir in */
do
  base=$(basename "$dir")
  rar a "${base}" "$dir"
done

For normal tar balls you can use:

cd directory
for dir in */
do
  base=$(basename "$dir")
  tar -czf "${base}.tar.gz" "$dir"
done


How to restore Windows on a Samsung laptop with broken display?

During boot, F2 will get you into the BIOS config.
Once you're the there, F9 will load the default configuration, you have to press ENTER for the yes/no confirmation dialog. The F10 will save and exit the changes. Again, you'll have to press ENTER for a yes/no confirmation dialog.
That should boot windows.


What does security_policy_version_matches_framework mean?

As new click frameworks are developed and released, new security policies are required to cover access to newly-introduced features.  The version of the security policy used by your package is defined in the JSON file defined by the apparmor hook in your package manifest, and must match the security policy for the version of the framework your package targets.  For example:

manifest.json:

{
  "name": "apackage.adeveloper",
  "maintainer": "adeveloper@example.org",
  "title": "My Package Name",
  "description": "My package description",
  "version": "0.1",
  "architecture": "armhf",
  "framework": "ubuntu-sdk-14.10",
  "hooks": {
    "apackage": {
      "apparmor": "apackage.json",
      "desktop": "apackage.adeveloper.desktop"
    }
  }
}

apackage.json:

{
  "policy_groups": [
    "networking"
  ],
  "policy_version": 1.2
}

The policy versions to use with each framework are:

ubuntu-sdk-13.10: 1.0
ubuntu-sdk-14.04: 1.1
ubuntu-sdk-14.10: 1.2
ubuntu-sdk-15.04: 1.3
ubuntu-core-15.04: 15.04


There are two ways of doing this.

You can install Wunderlist via the Ubuntu Software Center. Open the Ubuntu Software Center, then search for Wunderlist - you can then install it from there. However, at time of writing, this will not work in 11.10, due to some incompatibility issues.

However, you can try the manual way outlined below.

First, download Wunderlist from their website.

Now, you need to unpack the .tgz that it comes in - run the following:

tar  xvzf ./Downloads/wunderlist*.tgz

Then you need to open the Wunderlist file - open up Nautilus (or your file browser of choice) and navigate to the ~/Wunderlist-<version number> folder. In there you'll find a file named Wunderlist - double click it, and Wunderlist will open up - login and you're ready to go.


thats the solaris manual not the linux one!

Theres no thread tunable up to kernel 3.10 at least.

Have a look at what is available to you with this:
  sysctl -a | grep nfs

And some other related recommendations here:
https://dhelios.blogspot.com/2016/07/nfs-mount-options.html

If you find a way to increase threads - or some other way max data rate to an NFS share from a single client beyond some seemingly 4-500MB/s limit - I'd be interested.


how do I format my SSD in NTFS before removing it from the old PC for other purposes

https://gparted.org/features.php shows Gparted can create an NTFS partition, so I would start gparted, select the SSD, and format it for NTFS.


May be you can try to use picocom like this:

sudo picocom -b 115200 -r -l /dev/ttyUSB0

with no port reset (-r) and no port locking (-l). Also special keys you can see in the man picocom


The "PCIe bus" is one of several types of hardware that connect various peripheral components, typically video cards and such, within the case of your computer.

A "PCIe bus error" is a hardware fault. The fault might be caused by a bad driver, a loose connection, a power surge, and much more. Some predicatable types of hardware fault can be overcome by a well-written driver, while loose or truly broken components cannot.

Try booting into an older kernel at the GRUB prompt. If the hardware works, then you have a driver problem (that's a bug report). If the hardware still fails, then there is nothing more Ubuntu can do.


Broadcom 43228 no master mode (and lot of errors)

I would first recommend reading this question and the answer provided: Installing Broadcom Wireless Drivers (Just to have the same driver install)

Second I would first try to look to see if this Broadcom Wireless card, using the wl module, supports Ad-hoc mode. For example, in the wiki about broadcom modules I can see this wireless card when using the wl module listed as not supporting Ad-Hoc, Monitor or even Injections. This does not mean it is permanent, it just means that the development of this card is not yet mature enough for this features (It will eventually have them). I happen to have a BCM4313 that has the same issue. I can connect to other devices, even Ad-Hoc ones, but I can not create an Ad-Hoc one.

Now, there might some changes looking into newer kernel versions. Since you are in the 3.5.x kernel version I can only add that:

In the kernel version 3.6.x, regarding the Network part, there were little updated to Broadcom cards.

In the kernel version 3.7.x, same as above, there were other updates to Broadcom cards.

There is a very good link regarding this Model created by izx that I mention in the link about installing Broadcom cards. His answer is here.

At the end, if you still have a wireless card that does not support Ad-Hoc, then you are like me, we would have to wait for future implementation of this (Or use a "modified" version of the driver.. injected or otherwise).


I've read about using systemd-backlight - something, but I can't find anything on how to use it or make it so it restores my brightness on bootup

Many of these things are quite poorly documented in systemd.  The documentation pretty much boils down to "systemd-wibble.service is a service that runs systemd-wibble, and systemd-wibble is a program run by systemd-wibble.service; and it wibbles.".  There's no real explanation of how, when, or where; or clue as to how this fits into an overall system.  The systemd-backlight manual page is a case in point.

What happens is this:

You don't run the service, or the program, directly.  Instead:

A udev rule is triggered by the presence of "backlight" or "leds" devices on your system.  (It's in the the 99-systemd.rules list.)
udev takes the name of the device that triggered the rule and incorporates it into a service name.
This service is an instantiation of the systemd-backlight@.service service template unit file.
udev tells systemd to activate the service.
The service unit file causes the template parameter to be passed as a command-line argument to the systemd-backlight command, which then does its thing.

In your case, this would end up activating a systemd-backlight@backlight:intel_backlight.service service, which would end up running systemd-backlight start backlight:intel_backlight

So your basic problem could be one of three things:  your service unit is masked, the udev rule isn't triggering, or it's not triggering as the right kind of device.

systemctl status systemd-backlight@backlight:intel_backlight.service should give you some idea.


Recommended size in percentage for each partition

/  100%

I'm serious.

The only reason I could find for doing this in a hosting capacity is that it makes it easier to do partial backups. The host can just take live snapshots of the bits that change (/var/, /home/) and take slower backups of /etc/ and pretty much everything else can be restored at install time.

It's by no means standard practice and you can do the same thing intelligently if you know where the data churn is... But to a big host this could mean terabytes of savings. With one virtual host, you're not saving anything. You're just giving yourself a headache.

Let the installer do what it wants to do unless you've got a really good reason.


Okay, now as an answer

Run sudo make && sudo make install

Because you don't have permissions to copy to /usr/local