Meaning of "print test page" "print self-test page"and "clean print heads"

A test page is one sent from Ubuntu containing the Ubuntu/CUPS logo and some coloured charts.

A self-test page is a simple command sent to the printer to instruct it to do exactly that - most printers will print out a sheet showing the expected life of their ink cartridges/drum, toner, how many pages they've printed in their life and so on.
Having said that, Self-Test Page doesn't work on either my Brother HL-2030 or my HP 2605dn via CUPS. The 2605dn prints "PrintSelfTestPage" and the HL-2030 does nothing!

Clean print heads should be fairly self explanatory though :)


Files disappear in Ubuntu One for Android

It's a known bug, which will be fixed in the upcoming update. It's related to directory file listing caching. Could you please verify if you can download download that file from Ubuntu One website? If not, there's another problem we need to have a look at. Thanks!

PS Re: to the other answer - yes, clearing app data will fix the problem, only once. Plus, it'll wipe the info about which files have been already downloaded.


What application does read and interpret files with `desktop` extension?

As usual ps axjf shows the tree of running processes. E.g. I am using gnome "fallback" session and clicked MC icon. the tree is: init - lightdm - lightdm - init - gnome-session - gnome-panel - gnome-terminal - mc.

Starting it from menu gives gnome-panel to be a parent process that has started your launcher.


Cannot use pip (ubuntu) [pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available. ]

1- Avoid to use sudo when you don't need to.
2- Since you're using Python3, the appropriate way the install a package in Python3 is using pip3.
So the command will be as follows: pip3 install --user <package_name>  Where:

pip3 is for Python3.
install to install a package using pip3.
--user to save that downloaded package in the current user directory (so you'll not need more privileges).
package_name any Python package.

EDIT:
1. Install the necessary packages for Python and ssl: sudo apt-get install libreadline-gplv2-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev

Download and unzip "Python-3.7.0.tar.xz" from https://www.python.org/ftp/python/ into your home directory.
Open terminal in that directory and run: ./configure
Build and install: sudo make && sudo make install
Install packages with: pip3 install package_name


How do I delete one of two Ubuntus on my PC

You could use OS-Uninstaller.

You can install it by running these in your terminal window.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y os-uninstaller
os-uninstaller

Follow this link.


How to install an iPhone application in Linux?

To provide a differing response, I'm running OS X and Xcode on a virtualised (VMware) machine on Linux. CPU is a Core2Quad (Q8800), and it is perfectly fast. I found a prebuilt VM online (I'll leave it to you to find) Xcode/iPhone development works perfectly, as does debugging via USB to the phone itself.
It actually surprised me a lot but I've had no issues at all.- Starting iPhone app development in Linux? - Answer #1

For more answers, I refer you too:

Starting iPhone app development in Linux?


Using grep or find to get all files created in 2018 with "log" extension

The «20180201» format doesn't seem to be relevant to this task - unless you are being asked to use the name of the file rather than filesystem metadata to determine its age.

If you want to find files by their actual age (modification time), you can use the find command, ex.:

find /var/log -newermt 2018-01-01 ! -newermt 2019-01-01 -name '*.log' -exec du -h {} +

Replace /var/log with the starting directory in which you wish to search.

From man find:

   -newerXY reference
          Succeeds if timestamp X of the file being  considered  is  newer
          than  timestamp  Y  of the file reference.   The letters X and Y
          can be any of the following letters:

          a   The access time of the file reference
          B   The birth time of the file reference
          c   The inode status change time of reference
          m   The modification time of the file reference
          t   reference is interpreted directly as a time


Ubuntu installation problem with Intel Rapid Storage Technology

In the new UEfI BIOS acer hysde20 version 1.12 the hard disk controller type is not visibile, to be able to change it you need to enter the main page and press CTRL + S, at which point the hard disk controller type item will appear with the possibility of changing from optane without raid to AHCI

Beyond this, the secureboot and the quick start of windows must obviously be disabled

At that point you can install Ubuntu.

If you dedicate the whole disk to ubunutu we can proceed directly to the installation of Ubuntu without doing anything else.

If instead, as I did, you want dual boot Ubuntu and Windows. Windows will no longer start if you do not change any keys in the registry first. It will therefore be necessary to start windows in safe mode and go to modify the following:

Start Registry Editor and then:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SYSTEM \ CurrentControlSet \ Services \ iaStorV \ startoverride HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SYSTEM \ CurrentControlSet \ Services \ storahci \ startoverride

Both must be changed to 0.

It is important that it is done in safe mode otherwise it will not work.

Once this is done, restart your computer and proceed with the Ubuntu installation.


Map Ctrl+c to one button to stop a script on terminal

stty intr b Will make the b key send an interrupt like control c.

Take a look at man stty for setting up/changing terminal settings like that.


Take a look at this see if it helps.  Let me know and I will research it further.  On a second note, I have a Pentium 3 system for my kids, and yes its slow, but it runs everything that they need. look at maybe adding more RAM.

Installing on top of an already running desktop system


Try this:

sudo nautilus

Inside of the window that opened click "computer" with the hard drive icon to the left of it. Open the folder named var, than open log, than double click auth.log, you will see a lot of information that you can ignore but focus on the date and times showing on the left hand side as you scroll down.


You may try: install FIREFOX browser and FLASH-AID plugin. Then run Flash-aid and it will install the software. Hope this works.


Here's the settings I used in VLC's "Open Capture Device" dialog on my MacBook 2,1 running Ubuntu 11.04:

Capture mode: Video for Linux 2
Video: /dev/video0
Audio: plughw

If you're doing a desktop capture or something like that and would like to add microphone audio to it, you'll have to check "show more options" -> "play another media file synchronously" and enter the entire URI which is: alsa://plughw


Hide Artha Dictionary Icon from Notification Area in Classic Interface?

Open usr/share/pixmaps/artha.png in an image editor.
a) To make it dissapear:  Resize the icon to 1 pixel in width and paint it transparent.

b) To change the icon:  Paste any image you want over the top of the existing image.
Save the image to the Desktop.
Open Accessories;Terminal and enter the following command replacing zach with your own home folders name:

sudo mv '/home/zach/Desktop/artha.png' '/usr/share/pixmaps'

The changes should take effect upon restarting your computer.


Using ssd only for boot and turn your HDD for storage (UBUNTU 14.04)

You need to put the folder /usr onto your other HDD. Depending on whether you already installed Ubuntu or are about to install it, the steps are different. I'll help you with both, just write a comment to this answer.

However, I want to tell you that you probably will be happier with having your programs on the SSD and instead putting your home folder onto the HDD. Your programs need to read information from there when they start and operate. And I'm guessing that you want your applications to start quickly and to operate fast.

So you got your ext4 partition on your HDD. Now boot a live system.

I recommend backing your entire SSD up to an external HDD. To do this (in the live session) make sure no partition of your SSD is mounted: Open GParted and make sure there aren't any lock symbols. If there is a swap-partition, just right-click it and choose "swap off". For everything else: Right-click it and choose "unmount".

Then open Nautilus and navigate to your destination on the HDD. When you are there, press Ctrl+L and copy the path. Then type in sudo su into a terminal and execute this command:

dd if=/dev/sda bs=8M | gzip -9 > "[the path you copied]/image.gz"

Assuming /dev/sda is your SSD, otherwise change it. GParted will help you to figure out which one it is.

This will take some time since your entire SSD has to be copied. If you have a slow CPU, change -9 to -3.

Do not mount any partitions on your SSD while this command runs. This would render your backup useless.

When it's done and the numbers for in and out match, you successfully created a backup. You can now proceed in you actual edeavor.

Make sure GParted is closed by now. Open Nautilus and go to your system partition on the SSD, press Ctrl + L, copy the path, I'll call it [systemPath]. Do the same thing with the partition on your HDD, I'll call this path [targetPath]. Make sure there is nothing on the partiton on the HDD except for the folder "lost+found" (press Ctrl + H to show hidden files). Open a terminal and enter this command:

sudo cp -p -R "[systemPath]/usr/*" "[targetPath]"

If this command shows any errors, DO NOT PROCEED. Nothing is lost if it fails and you'll be able to use your system just as you used to. (Plus, you made a solid backup which is always a nice thing to have.) Post the errors here if there are any. Otherwise continue.

Open GParted again and right-click on the partition of your HDD. Choose "Information. There is a field called "UUID". You need this string. Copy it to GEdit and then close GParted so you can mount partitions with Nautilus.

Open Nautilus and go to your system partition on the SSD, press Ctrl + L, copy the path. Then open a terminal and enter this:

sudo gedit "[systemPath]/etc/fstab"

GEdit will open and show you a file. Enter this line immediately after the line which says / after the UUID (where this line says /usr) (The UUIDs have to be different. If they are the same, you copied the wrong one.):

UUID=c368e545-6d5d-3cc3-b9da-8e3fe347930d /usr               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1

where you substitude the UUID with the one you copied from GParted.


Does the internet runs slower when the display is off?

Currently the Ubuntu Touch platform does not allow applications to run in the background, or while the screen is off... this is a known limitation of the platform which will be addressed at some point (sorry, I don't know more details, perhaps search launchpad for a bug or log one so that it could be tracked).

As a last ditch workaround you could install an application "Active Screen" to stop the screen from switching off.


MenuLibre works just fine. You have to make sure your command-script.sh file is executable first. Run the following in your terminal:

    sudo chmod +x command-script.sh


"browse" button disabled in "windows printer via samba" for printer shares

I had this same problem on an Arch Linux system.
I solved it by installing python-pysmbc package.
The equivalent package for ubuntu is "python-smbc". So just do:

sudo apt-get install python-smbc python3-smbc

And you should be good to go. Restart "system-config-printer" to make sure the new dependencies get used.

Cheers!


I've run into the same issue and reinstalling lightdm fixed the issue for me:
sudo apt-get install --reinstall lightdm
sudo reboot


Firefox can't access to the internet, but everything else can

If you can connect with other software such as chromium then I think the easiest thing is to try a re-install!

But following on from Avinash, if there is no problem with your connection then I would suggest a reinstall. You have no data required? Well you could try another browser and forget about firefox, or open the terminal and type sudo apt-get remove firefox

Then to try again just type sudo apt-get install firefox I am not saying you do not know how to do this, I just included this for anyone else having the same problem and wanted aid. Hope this helped you! Thanks.


i had same problem when i had gnome installed, but, as first, you can check file:

/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

is it there this line:

greeter-session=unity-greeter

if it is ok try to update and upgrade to try fixing headers in that way.


Software similar to "universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3" that runs on Ubuntu?

Try using the built-in "Startup Disk Creator" if you need it for Ubuntu.
If you need to install another OS, check UNetbootin


First install the p7zip-full package:

sudo apt-get install p7zip-full

With this, Nautilus should have an option to uncompress 7-Zip Files.

I also recommend p7zip-rar so it also includes support for RAR files.

This is assuming you want to do it via GUI with Nautilus. If not, after downloading the packages above do the following:

7z x PACKAGE.7z

that should eXtract the packages with full path.


Any editor with CTRL+R binding for compiling LaTeX

Use Geany IDE. Some drawbacks but central things work like Search in Files, ... LaTeX component found for the IDE. I think the keybinding can be customized there.


What happens internally when I click "Lock to launcher" in Unity?

What happens if you lock/unlock an application to/from the launcher

Not sure if this answer is deep enough "under the hood", but this is what happens:

You can get the current content of the Unity Launcher by the command:

gsettings get com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites

It will produce a list, looking like:

['application://extras-qlequicklisteditor.desktop', 'application://gedit.desktop', 'application://gnome-terminal.desktop', 'application://nautilus.desktop', 'application://firefox.desktop', 'application://thunderbird.desktop', 'application://gnome-screenshot.desktop', 'application://dconf-editor.desktop', 'application://virtualbox.desktop', 'application://gnome-tweak-tool.desktop', 'unity://running-apps', 'unity://devices', 'unity://expo-icon']

The mentions in the list are obviously based on the names of the corresponding .desktop files.

Now when you run a GUI application, when you right- click on its icon in the launcher and choose Lock to Launcher, The currently chosen item is added to the list, while Unlock from Launcher will remove the item from the list.

Editing the Unity Launcher programmatically

Re- reading your (first) comment below your question: You can, as mentioned, get the current Launcher items by the command:

 gsettings get com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites

and set a possible altered list by the command:

 gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites "[item1, item2, etc]"

You can then of course edit the Unity Launcher's content programmatically, as is done here.

If the application has no .desktop file

If You run a GUI application without an existing .desktop file, Unity creates a basic one locally (in ~/.local/share/applications), named after the executable (application.desktop). In the Exec= line, you will find the command you ran, to call the application.

If you would look into a .desktop file, created this way, it includes the line:

X-UnityGenerated=true

Note

As mentioned by @muru (thanks!), in a few (exceptional, as it seems) situations, Unity does not succeed to create a "missing" .desktop file of an executable. The only example I could find however was in case of Tkinter windows, which are owned by pid 0 in the output of wmctrl -lp.


I think you should select "cable connected" option


As root, unzip Activator inside /opt
Still as root, run cd /opt, ln -s activator-dist-1.3.10 activator (replace "1.3.10" with the version string you have)
Still as root, run chmod +x /opt/activator/bin/*

You can then call activator like this:

/opt/activator/bin/activator


How do I update to the newest LibreOffice Writer?

The latest LibreOffice is available in the Snap Store, you can either install it from Ubuntu Software (just search for "libreoffice") or just sudo snap install libreoffice.

This will still keep your older version of LibreOffice around, but you can remove those if you want:

How to uninstall LibreOffice?


Enabling threadsafe php7.0.8 with Apache2.4.18 and Ubuntu 16.04.3 (desktop) for LAMP

There are multiple ways to connect PHP to Apache. Those are called server APIs or SAPIs. To use the Apache module mod_php is one such SAPI. But some PHP modules (for example the MySQL module) can't handle working with multiple threads yet, they're not threadsafe. mod_php is a relatively tight coupling between Apache and PHP, so you can't use a threading MPM and not threadsafe PHP modules at the same time.

You've got two options: The first option is to switch to a non-threading MPM, being prefork. That would probably come with a performance penalty.

The second option is, switch to a SAPI that isn't as tightly coupled, like fcgi or PHP-FPM. These basically run as their own daemons, so the Apache MPM doesn't have to care if any modules in, say, the PHP-FPM daemon are thread-safe or not. But to set those up you need to do more than just install a package with apt, so there's a learning curve.


Computer architecture - can I run a 64-bit OS?

Your CPU indeed does not support a 64-bit OS because there is no 64-bit in CPU op-mode(s).

If your only concern is that the 32-bit version of Google Chrome is unsupported and you are otherwise perfectly happy with 32-bit Ubuntu, then I suggest using the 32-bit version of Chromium, which is supported.


I'm going to guess that is a command you copied from a website or something like that, because that dash in front of the i is not a hyphen (or minus), but an en-dash:

$ od -c <<<"–"
0000000 342 200 223  \n
0000004
$ od -c <<<"-"
0000000   -  \n
0000002

Use a proper - instead.

And don't use dpkg unless you need to; the Software Centre can handle .deb files just fine, just double click on the file, or do xdg-open google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb.


Ubuntu 13.04 with LVM+FDE: "Failed to load config file /etc/lvm/lvm.conf" (doesn't boot with new kernel)

Turns out I am the one to blame.

I had put issue_discards in my lvm.conf some days ago to enable TRIM support for the LVM layer.

Actually I should have put issue_discards=1 in there to achieve this.

So I booted the old kernel, changed lvm.conf and ran sudo update-initramfs -u. Now I am able to also boot the new one.

Thank you Salem for your reply. It brought on me on the right track.


Just add these 2 scripts to a directory you want to be convert your avi files (./convdir).
Run ./convdir/batchavi2mp4 and your done. Example:

/convdir

batchavi2mp3
avi2mp3
mp3file1
mp3file2
mp3file3
mp3file4
mp3filex
avifile1
avifile2
avifile3
avifile4
avifilex

batchavi2mp3

for i in *.avi; do
   avi2mp3 "${i}"
done

avi2mp3

fin="$1"
fout=$fin
fout=${fout%".avi"}
fname=$fout
fout="$fout.mp3"
echo;
echo Converting $fname ....
echo _Input: $fin
echo Output: $fout
echo;
#ffmpeg -i "$fin" -acodec libmp3lame -ac 2 -ab 128k -vn -y "$fout"
avconv -i "$fin" -vn -f mp3 "$fout"
echo;
echo -------------------
echo;

You can get fancy like I have and move the files out from here to like /videos /music and set a cron job script to run. I still working with avconv. Some devices are not liking avconv (ffmpg was working so long .... sigh)


ubuntu does not log in after I reset my password

@davidbaumann put me on the right direction, my home was encrypted. What I did:

on grub I highlighted the version of the system I normally used and
then typed "e"
some lines are displayed, one of these lines finished with something
like "ro quiet splash ...", I replaced this part of the line with
"rw init=/bin/bash"
pressed F10 -> boot is launched and user is then logged as root

I took a look on my ~, it was empty with just 2 files: "Access-Your-Private-Data.desktop" and "Readme.txt". The "Readme.txt" was about something called "ecryptfs-mount-private"
I searched on the internet about that and I found some useful informations here:
http://blog.dustinkirkland.com/2011/04/introducing-ecryptfs-recover-private.html. I followed the instructions:

dowload an Ubuntu version (at least 12.04)
mount my root system (mkdir /tmp/tempRoot; mount /dev/sda1
/tmp/tempRoot)
type in a terminal "sudo ecryptfs-recover-private" and follow the
instructions

And then the shameful part, I was asked if I had the password for the encrypted directory, I tried one... and it worked. So I did again the first operations:

on grub I highlighted the version of the system I normally used and
then typed "e"
some lines are displayed, one of these lines finished with something
like "ro quiet splash ...", I replaced this part of the line with
"rw init=/bin/bash"
pressed F10, boot is launched and user is then logged as root
as root I reinitialised the root passwrod with my original password with the command
"password"
I reinitialised the user's password with my original password and
the command "password user_name"
I typed "sync"
"reboot -f"

I can now normally boot and loggin. Thank you both david and rusty!!!!


In the end i bypass the issue by disabling systemd-resolved and just configuring dnsmasq as the default resolver.

I didn't get to the bottom of it but from what i read on line systemd-resolve has an issue with domain that have .local in them ( domain.local)


You probably know this but....Have you tried accessing Alsamixer via the terminal?
At least you can check on the position of the volume sliders and see if a conflict has killed one off.

cntl+alt+t
alsamixer


Is it possible to install gnome shell extension in unity?

No, it's not possible without porting the entire applet.

Gnome and Unity shell work very differently and share no code.
The consequence: A Gnome Shell applet cannot run on Unity or vice versa.


After a bit of Google researching, I ended up with this article on OMG!Ubuntu. The OSD-Lyrics they suggested works like the way Minilyrics used to work. So, I am delighted.

OSDLyrics can be installed by the following steps:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:osd-lyrics/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install osdlyrics


What does "CTRL + SHIFT + H" do in compiz?

This is part of the Freely Transformable Windows plugin:

By using Shift+Ctrl+MouseLeft, you can do some, er, very interesting things:

That overlay is meant to help guide you when manipulating and transforming windows using the above method. Basically, it just gives you a bunch of axes to use so that you can align/work with things more precisely. Regrettably, like with most Compiz plugins, it's sort of fallen out of support and is kinda buggy.

If you don't want this feature, just launch the CompizConfig Settings Manager and disable that plugin. If you don't have CCSM, install it with apt:

sudo apt install compizconfig-settings-manager


Can I use publish an application using SDL, even commercially?

Yes, you can use SDL in a commercial project. The LGPL allows you to link SDL to proprietary code. (See this, this article, and that version of the license itself.) What it means is if you change SDL you have to also release those changes under the LGPL.

It is, of course, important that you read and understand the license itself before creating any derivative work of a work licensed with it, including before creating a program (proprietary or otherwise) that links to SDL.

Furthermore, please note that this answer is provided for general informational purposes only.
This post is not legal advice.


How to execute screen with a fixed process id?

You can give your screen session a name of your choice with the option -S. For example

screen -S myname

The name you give will then show in screen -ls. You can also use it when resuming the session, screen -r myname.


Ubuntu 14.04 Built in and External monitors not working together, only if 1 display active

Finally I found the solution! Just found correct keywords for this in google. Big thanks to "bummi":

nvidia-prime extended desktop stopped working

Will duplicate it here:

  Francisco Gouveia (fgouveia87) wrote on 2015-03-10:

  After days lost with replacing NVidia drivers and manually editing xorg.conf file, I finally found this!

  Rockwalrus (rockwalrus) solution works!

  On CompizConfig Settings Manager, go to "General Options", then "Display Settings" and do the following:
  Uncheck "Deteck Outputs"

  In the Outputs array, set the resolutions of each of your screens. The >numbers after the resolution "1920x1080+0+0" are the offset. It's important to add this offset according to your needs. I have two full HD screens, so I added the following configuration: 1920x1080+0+0 1920x1080+1920+0
  The second output has an offset of 1920, because it is on the right side of the first output, which has a width of 1920.

You will need to install compiz settings manager as well:

sudo apt-get install compiz compiz-plugins compizconfig-settings-manager


Where are the entries located for icons listed in Show Applications?

Application launchers (files with .desktop suffix) for apps installed using Wine should be found in your ~/.local/share/applications/ directory.

However snap applications may also exhibit the same issue, viz. ghost icons in application overview after uninstalling the application. In that case the launchers would be found in /var/lib/snapd/desktop/applications/ directory.


Per http://www.webupd8.org/2011/10/things-to-tweak-after-installing-ubuntu.html

Something went wrong! How do I reset Unity or Compiz?

You can easily reset Unity or Compiz using the following commands (be careful when using these commands and only use them if you really have to!):

to reset the Unity launcher icons:

unity --reset-icons

to reset Unity:

unity --reset

to reset Compiz:

gconftool-2 --recursive-unset /apps/compiz-1
unity --reset


What you do it establish a small filesystem and replicate it using DRBD; then make sure this filesystem is the first one to be enabled by the DRBD primary using Heartbeat, Pacemaker or similar product. In this file-system you keep the configuration file directories that will be shared across both servers.  I do this for Samba and iSCSI.

/etc/samba --> /mnt/configfs/samba

/etc/iet --> /mnt/configfs/iet

On the primary server, mount the filesystem and then establish the symlinks. I will typically preserve the base directories (mv /etc/samba /etc/samba.original) before I establish symlinks. Once complete and everything is working you need to transfer DRBD primary to your secondary server, mount the shared file-system and establish the symlinks on that server.

At this point you should be able to enable your HA services on the DRBD primary and subsequently add any additional filesystems as you build-up the server capabilities.


Why does my wallpaper look slightly desaturated?

The picture in question has an embedded color profile which can only be displayed by certain programs; Nautilus, which draws the desktop background, cannot. To be able to use the image as a desktop background, it needs to be converted.

The easiest way is to use Image Viewer to save the file as a .png. Open the file, then go to File -> Save As... Then either manually change the file extension or click the pull down menu that says All files and select .png.

Now set the new image as your background and the colors will look right.

If you want to keep it as a .jpg, you'll need to use GIMP. If you don't have GIMP installed, download it via the Software Center or type sudo apt-get install gimp into a terminal.

When you open the image, you will be presented with this dialog:

Click Convert. Now go to File -> Export As..., then save it as a .jpg (make sure that the quality parameter is set to 100).

Here's a screenshot of the proper image set as my desktop, but displayed incorrectly in an image viewer:


python-apt package corrupted: apt upgrade fails

For some reason, it turned out that I needed to recreate the Python2 binary. I found my solution on this page
Here's how it worked:
apt-get download python2.7-minimal
ar x python2.7-minimal_2.7.18-1~20.04_amd64.deb data.tar.xz
sudo tar xJf data.tar.xz -C / './usr/bin/python2.7'
rm data.tar.xz


Chromium web browser (chromium-browser) is an open-source version of Google Chrome. Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install chromium-browser

To install the Chrome .deb file that you downloaded change directories using cd to the directory that contains google-chrome-42-0-2311-90-32-bit-multi-ubu.deb and run the following command:

sudo apt install ./google-chrome-42-0-2311-90-32-bit-multi-ubu.deb

dpkg -i suggested by Cynplytholowazy also installs the same Chrome .deb file, but it doesn't do any automatic dependency resolution as the above command, which uses apt instead of dpkg, does.


Just tried the following solution, it seems OK now, hopefully for you too (I have a VAIO VGN also):

 Keyboard and touch pad is not working on a Dell XPS 15z


how to show database in phpmyadmin in web browser

Is phpmyadmin working? If not, do this:

sudo ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www/phpmyadmin

Make sure apache and mysql are running:

sudo service apache2 start
sudo service mysql start

And then, point your web browser to:

http://localhost/phpmyadmin


Share a folder between Windows 8.1 guest and Ubuntu 14.04 host in VirtualBox

I normally go into Virtual Box setting for the VM in questions, select the folder to share and set the display name I want, and select permanent and auto-mount in the dialog box. Start the virtual machine and Windows should display your shared folders from the host OS as drive letters just like a mounted network share.

This only works if you have guest tools installed on guest OS.

Hope this helps.


Ubuntu 18.04.2 hangs (stop job running) during shutdown on Dell Inspiron 14 7000

Try loading a different (earlier) kernel, from advanced options during Boot. See if the problem persists.

https://blog.seibert-media.com/2018/01/04/log-book-linux-cpu-lockups/


Nautilus and Nemo don't recognize python 3 files

Finally I could fix it!

As far as I understand, Nemo and Nautilus try to load a file named text-x-python3.svg from /usr/share/icons/[MyTheme]/mimes/[ActualIconSize]/.
If there is such a file in ~/.local/share/icons/[MyTheme]/mimes/[ActualIconSize]/ it has a higher priority. But none of these directories existed for my theme: Humanity-Dark.

So Nemo/Nautilus try to find that icon in another theme.  In /usr/share/icons/Humanity-Dark/index.theme is defined which theme to try next:

$ grep Inherits /usr/share/icons/Humanity-Dark/index.theme
Inherits=Humanity,Adwaita,hicolor

Next try is Humanity. There are icons for text-x-python but not for text-x-python3. So I did:

mkdir -p ~/.local/share/icons/Humanity-Dark/mimes/48
cp /usr/share/icons/Humanity/mimes/48/text-x-python.svg ~/.local/share/icons/Humanity-Dark/mimes/48/text-x-python3.svg

Same for icon sizes 16 and 22. Now it looks as expected:

Maybe this solution is helpful for someone else.


When you have an executable which looks in the working directory for configuration, data or library files, and you want to run it as a service, you can set the working directory in the service file with the WorkingDirectory directive.

You can find information about this and other directives in the systemd.service manpage.


It is pulseaudio. The problem is that it gets autorestarted immediately.
So you need to edit the file /etc/pulse/client.conf.

Add these two lines or uncomment them out as needed..
(I added them up top so I can leave everything the same when I want to undo it)  The default is commented and left for your editing.

autospawn = no
daemon-binary = /bin/true

reboot and then you can turn on and off pulseaudio by using

pulseaudio --start
pulseaudio --kill

You will need to start pulseaudio the manual way since it is not auto-started until you undo your client.conf changes.  You can make your changes in hdaJackretask and test them.  But you will need to turn on pulseaudio.  If you want to make more changes, you will need to toggle -----kill and --start respectively.

There were some other articles for Pulseaudio but this answer is specific to this question.  Once you like the settings you can install the boot script and then undo all of this.  Unfortunately, I could not get the pins to work in a way that was working.  So my efforts were useless.


Restore networking after failed and rolled back vpn setup

It seems like something else is reconfiguring your system after it has set up the network tables. Do you have an extra route call somewhere from when you set up OpenVPN, in /etc/network/interfaces or in another /etc/network/ script?


As  there was no answer, i first removed it in kubuntu with the package-manager, no problems with the deinstalling. What everbody should know, it is not only nearly useless, but holds 143 files back of actualisation!! May be this is the reason for that strange behaviour at start and shutdown. Afterwards in ubuntu, all fine.
Also i have learnt now during my attempts to change grub manually, that it is a built in defeat of grub with its 4 discrete parts or groups. So you cannot change a position, only the cursor can be not on top.

But I want from a bootloader, that i can change the position and name of OS and remove unneeded (old) entries. Both, ubuntu and kubuntu have the same name ubuntu for example!
There are win7, ubuntu and kubuntu and i don´t need more to be shown, one with a star to mark, this is the default one.
perhaps a little prestart-screen could do this, which then calls the normaly hidden grub menu (the boring one)
I guess lilo could do this job and calls the ubuntu-grub, the kubuntu-grub or the win-bootloader. =>In the meantime there is an inactive grub on ubuntu-partition, but seems to be called from the kubuntu-grub, so this can work.


What does the 'jekyll 2.4.0 | Error: Permission denied - /sys/fs/ext4/sda1/trigger_fs_error' mean

In your _config.yml the source should list the actual location of the project

...
source: /var/www/newos
...

Yep, knuckle head mistake.


Ubuntu is freezing (even in live session)

I advise you to make a little partition with the format of EFI boot for Ubuntu to install the bootloader on, like the one I have in the picture. It makes things cleaner and better.
Generally, it works. I always have the same problem, but when I do this it prevents most of the crashes and the laptop boots faster and cleaner.


libssl.so.10: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Lets make sure that you have your SSL installed and updated:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libssl1.0.0 libssl-dev

Now lets fix the naming of the file by creating a link:

cd /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
sudo ln -s libssl.so.1.0.0 libssl.so.10
sudo ln -s libcrypto.so.1.0.0 libcrypto.so.10

And finally, lets inform the developer about this flaw so he can fix it :)


Do a checksum on the iso. Here's how to do it:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToMD5SUM


Ubuntu stops using Nvidia driver after kernel upgrade

when there is a new kernel-update by update-manager, then simply
after reboot - with ubuntu-package manager uninstall nvidia-drivers (and bumblebee) - then
install nvidia-drivers again.

this looks inconvenient, but its easier ?!


These need to be placed in one of two places

global themes directory [/usr/share/themes] to make them available to all users, or

the user's theme directory [~/.local/share/themes/]

Refer https://wiki.xfce.org/howto/install_new_themes


why there is a lot change in the hardware support features in different linux os?

The change in hardware support is not really based on the GNU/Linux distribution you are running but on other factors.

The most important one being the version of the Linux kernel that your running distribution has.

If a kernel is new it probably has support for newer hardware than an old kernel.
Bugs and regressions can break support for your hardware meaning that you need to run an another (older or newer) kernel for the stuff to work.
In the wireless world it's also often about what firmware ships with your distribution. Often a proprietary piece of software (aka firmware blob) needs to be loaded by the WiFi driver. If your distribution doesn't have it, maybe another has. (You can often download the firmware and extract it in to your running distribution of course.)


g++ fails with an undefined reference to symbol 'dlclose@@GLIBC_2.2.5' even with '-ldl'

You simply need to add the flags "-Wl and --start-group"

for scons add LINKFLAGS=['-Wl,--start-group'].

Reference:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45135/why-does-the-order-in-which-libraries-are-linked-sometimes-cause-errors-in-gcc


What is APM? And what exactly does it do?

Advanced Power Management (APM) is a BIOS API (functions) that the Operating system may use to implement multiple strategies for power management. For instance, it can be used to suspend or put in stand-by your computer.


Fresh install of 20.04 fails on login unless nomodeset is enabled

Used information from What exactly does GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=text do? to set the correct resolution even when nomodeset is enabled. In particular I did the following:
I set GRUB_GFXMODE=2560x1440 in /etc/default/grub then updated grub with sudo update-grub. After rebooting my system is using the correct resolution and appears to be stable.


How to disable touchscreen permanently on ubuntu 18.04

It appears that you are referring to files located at /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d.  Perhaps the libinput driver was recently updated to support your touchscreen?
Probably you want to edit /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-evdev.conf with:
Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "evdev touchscreen catchall"
    MatchIsTouchscreen "on"
    MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
    #Driver "evdev"
    Option "Ignore" "on"
EndSection
And /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/40-libinput.conf with:
Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "libinput touchscreen catchall"
    MatchIsTouchscreen "on"
    MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
    #Driver "libinput"
    Option "Ignore" "on"
EndSection
If that does not work (or you don't have permissions necessary to edit system files), get the name of your touchscreen with xinput, and add one of the following commands to a startup script:
xinput set-prop [touchscreen id/name] "Device Enabled" 0
xinput disable [touchscreen id/name]

If you are concerned about device id changing between reboots, use the device name in quotes.


When you do an upgrade from 10.04 to 12.04 everything was there because the OS was just upgraded. (partitions didn't get formatted) Now however , you are doing a fresh install which means your partition gets formatted. This means your data won't be there after install. (unless you have a seperate /home partition in which case you can select it and choose the option to not format it and then your data will be there).

If you only have 1 partition , or your home folder is on the same partition as / , then you will loose it as / have to be formatted during re-install. So make sure you backup your whole /home folder.

This is the reason why most of us choose to have a separate partition for /home.


Q: I would still like to know how to turn on the network adapter in Ubuntu directly.
A: Then you need to modprobe the module. To find your module, when connected, type in a terminal
nmcli

For example mine is a Broadcom network adapter and the module is brcmfmac. To turn it on I would type
sudo modprobe brcmfmac

So once you figure yours out give it a try and let us know.


I have found a temporary way out, but this still confuses me. I have made a combined module, and after that I link every sound source I want to the combined one, which then routes to my system sounds and to the Streaming sink.

STREAM_MODULE=$(pactl load-module module-null-sink sink_name=StreamAudio sink_properties=device.description="StreamAudio")
COMBINE_MODULE=$(pactl load-module module-combine-sink sink_name=Combined sink_properties=device.description="Combined" slaves=StreamAudio,alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo)

pactl load-module module-loopback rate=44000 adjust_time=0 source=alsa_input.usb-AKM_AK5370-00-AK5370.analog-mono sink=StreamAudio latency_msec=1 >> /dev/null

pactl load-module module-device-manager >> /dev/null

read -p "Loaded! Press enter to unload!"

pactl unload-module $COMBINE_MODULE
pactl unload-module $STREAM_MODULE
pactl unload-module module-device-manager
pactl unload-module module-loopback

There is probably a way I can grep the results of pacmd list-clients and then clean out only valid sources, change their output to the combined sink, but that would take too long and complex to do.

Though now a new problem arises, and I even tested it by running the command through terminal. For some reason I can't change the output sink of Java. Here is what I tried and what it returned:

vilsol@skynet:~$ pacmd move-sink-input 6421 124
Welcome to PulseAudio! Use "help" for usage information.
>>> Moved failed.

I tried with others as well and they all worked. 6421 is the Java index, and 124 is the sink index.


What is this panel indicator in the status menu and what is the problem?

The icon indicates "something is missing".

The last time I had it there were problems with a HP printer program.

Take a look into startup applications to see which applet/indicator is missing.


The 'Software Updater' does not have enough disk space on /boot drive

The boot partition is full. You will need to remove some old linux image files from that partition to make room. The steps to do this have already been posted in this question here: How do I free up more space in /boot?


Which package have usbconfig in ubuntu 14.04?

I believe that usbconfig is used on FreeBSD only, the equivalent for Ubuntu is lsusb. lsusb should be installed by default but if it is not on your system you can install it as follows:

sudo apt-get install usbutils

References:

Get Linux and FreeBSD hardware info with guide to commands
Linux USB utilities


aarch64 is not x86_64 / amd64.  aarch64 is for ARM v8, ie: Raspberry Pi 3 B+.

Wine recommends, or requires, the installment and availability of both amd64 and i386 libraries.  This means you'll have to follow instructions on installing Wine, which includes enabling multilib/multiarch.  After reading about this, and the consequences, you could add i386 to your amd64 system with the following command:

$ sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
$ sudo apt update

Even after adding the WineHQ repository, the packages there may need i386 packages from Ubuntu and other sources.  This is why you must perform this step even after adding WineHQ repository, explaining why it is the first step in the WineHQ Ubuntu Documentation.

After taking another look, I do not see the command you showed us anywhere in this document.  Did you try following some other instructions after these didn't work?  Why are you running your version of the apt-add-repository command, vs the one listed by WineHQ?

For anybody wanting to run Wine on aarch64, it is possible, but likely not worth the trouble.  The instructions will most certainly not be the same as an amd64 system, and you'll mess up an aarch64 system by adding amd64 or i386 packages.  You may consider running Windows 10 directly and look into Microsoft IoT Core.


Access Windows 7 files from dual booted Ubuntu

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MountingWindowsPartitions explains the facts in detail. In your case, almost certainly, Windows 7 partitioned and formatted the hard drive using NTFS, and Ubuntu knows how to read and write files in an NTFS partition, automatically using ntfs-3g, as confirmed here.

Take a look at this tutorial which shows what happens when you open Files and look for the NTFS partition of Windows 7; it will appear in the yellow box of the picture below (although the colors will be different).


Update to Percise seems to have broke everything display wise, my screen is now a mirrored garbled mess that is entirely unreadable. Help?

Try running this command and then restarting your machine.

sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev*

Found from here: How do I remove the FGLRX drivers after I've installed them by hand?


Problems recovering Ubuntu OR Reinstalling Ubuntu alongside Win8

Upgrading Windows 8 to 8.1 will do the following to your boot loader:

Depending on what hardware Windows is working on, the boot loader for Linux might work or it might throw that error you are showing. This is because grub is no longer the boot manager but rather the Windows 8 one. I have had laptops boot correctly using the Windows bootloader (Which is blue with several light blue options) and some that have completely failed, forcing me to install the Live USB and recover the boot loader from within the Ubuntu Live System or doing it everything from zero.
Again, depending on the hardware and system configuration (Like Fastboot enabled) the boot loader might simply fail forcing you to either recover the boot part from an Ubuntu Live system or install it from scratch.

There are several points you really need to worry when you are at this point:

Do not enable fast boot. Leave it disabled. For more information see Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI because this will create some issues when trying to registered the boot changes on the new boot manager (Windows based) and even detecting correctly the boot parameters and partitions with grub-repair or GRUB.
Sometimes boot-repair from the Ubuntu Live system will fail on this cases. This problem put together with the fact that the upgrade to 8.1 creates even more issues to any non-windows system (Go Microsoft you are the best!) GRUB might even suffer from 8.1. Please see this answer for a guide to fix this: Cannot Restore Grub After Windows 8.1 Upgrade It is the only one that has worked so far for me.
To solve many of the issues coming from Windows 8.1 please disable fast boot and follow Grub not showing on startup for Windows 8.1 Ubuntu 13.10 Dual boot which might help.

In the end, to solve boot issues from Ubuntu's side, first disable fast boot (hibernation mode) and then try to boot-repair the system or follow any of the advices here. I can only imagine what Windows 9 or 8.2 will bring to the whole compatibility table. Sorry you had to suffer this.


Can I try latest Nautilus (3.5.4 now) in Lubuntu 12.04?

You can download the source files from Launchpad and compile it yourself.

Nautilus 3.5.4 requires gtk+3.5.5 but Ubuntu 12.04 still has 3.4.2, so you might have to wait a bit to try it, until 3.5.5 rolls out.

As you might know, nautilus 3.5.4 is not much different from the current version, so you're not missing much.


remove files and directories but exclude all files from paths in a text file

You can use find . -type f to list all files recursively with their full path. -type f omits all directories and lists only files. But here filelist.txt should contain full paths to the files that we need to exclude from deletion.

IFS=$'\n'
for i in $(find . -type f); do
    if ! grep -qxFe "$i" filelist.txt; then
        echo "Deleting: $i"
        # the next line is commented out.  Test it.  Then uncomment to remove the files
        # rm "$i"
    fi
done


Script for Creating Multiple ZIP archives from Multiple Folders

This looks like it will help.

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1060130

for i in * ; do zip -vr "$i.zip" "$i" ; mv "$i.zip" /move/zipfiles/here/ ; done

you can change the zip to another compression method, just make sure to change the options to match as well. Also it will do all hence the *. So move the folders you want to compress into one folder and go crazy. if you want to delete the folder after just add:

for i in * ; do zip -vr "$i.zip" "$i" ; mv "$i.zip" /move/zipfiles/here/ ; rm -r "$i"; done


will ubuntu work after my windows 7 be inactivated?

The activation state of Windows will not have any effect on Ubuntu. So, yes, you will be able to use Ubuntu just like you can right now.


Open your terminal and write the following commands

sudo apt-get update -
to update the repositories and package
sudo apt-get install gparted - install gparted
sudo dpkg -l gparted - check and confirm installation
sudo gparted  - to open gparted

and you are done :-)


Is it a bad idea to run SELinux and AppArmor at the same time?

The Linux Kernel provides the Linux Security Module interface, of which SELinux and AppArmor are both implementations of. (Others include TOMOYO, Smack, ...) This interface is designed currently to only allow a single LSM to be operational at a time. There is no way to run two simultaneously, so you must choose one. There has been discussion from time-to-time about how to "stack" multiple LSMs, but this has not been done yet.


I don't see ssd in Ubuntu install on Dell Latitude 7400 with RST

The problem is a known limitation when working with Intel RST and the AHCI+RAID mode set by default in the BIOS/firmware on newer systems (especially Dells).

This is Intel Rapid Storage technology, but Ubuntu can't work with it.  In the firmware of the system you have to disable the AHCI+RAID SATA mode and switch it to just AHCI mode.  That will let Ubuntu see the drive.

BE WARNED! If you intend to access the Windows OS at some point, you'll have to switch back to AHCI+RAID in the BIOS/firmware, or you'll have to convert Windows' AHCI+RAID install to just AHCI - using a guide such as this one on thinkcritical.com.  Otherwise, Windows will fail to boot.  (Because fixing Windows is offtopic here however I'm not going to go into detail on how to fix this here)


To install software you need root privileges. So the correct command is sudo make install.

You are asked for your own password.


This is possible if you use a bridge interface, because it acts like a unmanaged switch. Therefore, you can use it to bind as many IPs as you want inside the VM.

Example

/etc/network/interfaces (On host):

auto br0
iface br0 inet static
    address 10.0.0.1/24
    netmask 255.0.0.0
    bridge_stp      on
    bridge_maxwait  0

/etc/network/interfaces (On VMs):

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 10.0.0.1/24
    netmask 255.0.0.0

VM configuration:

<interface type='bridge'>
  <mac address='xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx'/>
  <source bridge='br0'/>
</interface>


Operating Systems and RAM limitations of VirtualBox?

There is no maximum limit of OSs that can be installed in VirtualBox.
Since all virtual machines are separate from each other, there will be no effect on host OS performance if you install another OS in VirtualBox unless both guest OSs are running at the same time.
With 8GB of RAM there should be minimal or no effect on host OS performance after installing two or more OS in VirtualBox, unless you are running multiple guest OSs at the same time.

Other considerations related to performance of the guest OS in VirtualBox

Your guest OS's performance will be better if your guest OS has a lightweight desktop environment. For example, Xubuntu has better performance in VirtualBox than Ubuntu. Disable the Aero desktop experience in the Windows 7 guest OS. Fancy desktop effects use more RAM, which is a limited resource that you can't afford to waste.
Your guest OS's performance will be better if you give the guest OS enough RAM. 2GB of RAM should be enough give the guest OS good performance under normal circumstances.
A virtual machine installed on an SSD has better performance than a virtual machine installed on an ordinary spinning disk HDD.
VirtualBox is frequently updated and occasionally there are small changes in the VirtualBox GUI. If you are following instructions from a tutorial about how to install a guest OS in VirtualBox, make sure that the tutorial is a recent one.


Ubuntu 16.04 Baldurs Gate Enhanced Edition Wont Start

This issue is analogous to a common Steam issue.

To solve it you need to find libstd++.so.6 in the installation directory of the game and rename it to something like libstd++.so.6.orig (or delete it altogether if you don't care about restoring it later without a re-installation of the game).

A possible command-line solution:

find /path/to/game -type f -name libstdc++.so.6 -exec mv -vT -- {} {}.orig \;


Change the brightness adjustment interval

Since you haven't specified which desktop environment you use, I'll provide some KDE-specific details as well.

I've just updated KDE to 4.9.2 and met with the same inconvenience. I decided to dig into the code, and here are my conclusions:

Brightness is actually controlled by kernel itself. According to KDE's PowerDevil source code, there exist two basic ways for kernels to provide control interface:

sysctl() system call (likely on *BSD systems, I suppose)
sysfs interface (likely Linux)

sysfs interface is located at /sys/class/backlight/*your_backlight_type*/. Here's what it looks like for me:
$ ls -1 /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/
actual_brightness
bl_power
brightness
device
max_brightness
power
subsystem
type
ueventTwo files are relevant for us now:  brightness and max_brightness. And here's how they can be used:
$ cd /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight
$ cat max_brightness
976
$ cat brightness
176
$ echo 77 | sudo tee brightness
77
First command lets you determine the maximum brightness you can set (the minimum is always zero). Second one lets you know what value the actual brightness is set to. And with the third you can set it to any value you desire in the range of [0; max_brightness].
KDE's KRunner still has the freedom to set any brightness level. Press Alt-F2 and type:

  screen brightness 17

KDE's keyboard Brightness Up and Brightness Down key handling code has increment value of 10% hard-coded. Hence, unless you want to mess with building KDE from sources, there's nothing you can do with it.
KDE's BatteryMonitor plasmoid  has its own brightness control, whose increment is also hard-coded as 10%, but now we're lucky enough, since it is written in QML: $ sudo nano /usr/share/kde4/apps/plasma/plasmoids/battery/contents/ui/PopupDialog.qml (upd: in KDE 4.11 it has been moved to BrightnessItem.qml), navigate to section that looks likeComponents.Slider {
        id: brightnessSlider
        minimumValue: 0
        maximumValue: 100
        stepSize: 10
        onValueChanged: brightnessChanged(value)
    }and change the step size to what you desire. After relogin you'll see the change.


Problem with executing alias of a command on Ubuntu 18.04

That's a quite not-correct way to set an alias. The command ./ganachescript means 'execute the executable file ganachescript that exists in the current directory'. So the alias would work only when you run the ganache command in the specific directory where the ganachescript file is located.
To overcome this you need to use the full path to the ganachescript file instead as below
alias ganache='/path/to/ganachescript'


Any one experienced problem installing (ilog/ibm)'s cplex?

ok, for the records. the guide says to substitute CPLEXDIR by whatever is
found after  CFLAGS in the Make files which in our case is

/root/ILOG/CPLEX_Studio_AcademicResearch122/cplex

not quiet right. It used to be so, but now it is:

/root/ILOG/CPLEX_Studio_AcademicResearch122/cplex/include

fix that in the code above and it flies.


Cancelling print jobs and dealing with printer

Open a terminal and type "lpq -a" This will print all available printer queues. Read the man page of "cancel" to see how to remove print jobs from a specific queue.

As far as printer management is concerned, each vendor usually provides vendor specific software for that job.For example, HP printers are managed with hplip. Check the manufacturer support website for linux specific software. If they don't provide any let them know how disappointed you are with their policy not providing such support.


I ended up doing as Gunnar Hjalmarsson advised in his comment to my question: installing gucharmap and using that.
I still think that for the polyglot user this functionality should be made accessible by default in Ubuntu.


Chromium can't print anymore and crash - 16.04

I just had this problem.  Chrome was printing fine up to last update.  After recent updates, chrome browser was crashing trying to print any page, even simple text ones.  The print dialog would open, and as soon as I hit print, chrome would crash.  I tried the suggestion above of running with temp-profile, and that worked.  But deleting the profile did not fix the normal running of chrome.  I tried other suggestions of deleting all Google local data, no good.  Also tried using the browsers Settings -> Advanced -> Reset Settings to Default, and that did nothing either.  The only thing that fixed it was moving to using Google Cloud Print for my local printer.  As soon as I set my local printer up with Google Cloud Print, I didn't have any further problems printing.  You can find instructions here:  https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/1069693


I have both Windows 10 and Ubuntu running on my machine. I can recommend few troubleshooting tips:

Check if your pc is in bios mode or UEFI mode. When installing Ubuntu in UEFI mode and other operating system is installed as BIOS mode, booting to other OS may cause some problems.
I have secure boot disabled in BIOS as it prevents me to have dual OS. check your setting.
try running update grub command in linux to check if os prober finds a proper windows OS. this command should do the task.

sudo update-grub


Is there a way to make "apt://" URLs always open in the terminal

Assuming you are using Firefox, you can create a simple shell script to do this.  There may be a similar mechanism for other browsers, but I am not familiar with those.

Open GEdit (or any other editor) and enter the following:

#! /bin/bash

aptInstall="$@"
aptInstall=${aptInstall#*:}
gnome-terminal -e "sudo apt-get install $aptInstall"

Save this script.  I will refer to it as ~/apt_terminal.sh.
Open the terminal and run chmod a+x ~/apt_terminal.sh.  This will make the script executable.
Now open Firefox's Preferences and go to the "Applications" section.  Find the "apt" content type.
Select "Use other" under the "Action" heading for the "apt" content type and browse to the location of the script you just created.

Now apt:// URLs should open up in the terminal by prompting you for your password.


After some digging around I found out that the component enabling systemd to wait for the network manager to complete is not enabled by default. After enabling this as follows, it works perfectly:

sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager-wait-online.service


How to write bash script to run the same command for all files in a directory

Try this:

source_dir=/your/source/dir
output_dir=/your/output/dir

cd "$source_dir" || exit

for file in *.jpg; do
  tesseract "$file" stdout --psm 1 --oem 1 --dpi 300 tsv > "$output_dir/${file%.jpg}.tsv"
done


Theoretically Ubuntu Touch could run on an android TV but, as of now, without a touchscreen there would be no way to interface with the device. I don't think Ubuntu Touch will ever run on your device because it does not meet the minimum requirements.


Electrical sounds in earphones when laptop is plugged in

The problem is probably related to improper electrical isolation, or due to power supply noise.

Noise on the power supply could possibly be transferred over to the headphones. The issue is caused by improper electrical shielding or isolation. There is generally no fix for this because it is in the hardware design. You could listen to it while unplugged.

An alternative solution, assuming that you have some familiarity with electronics, is to build a static limiter.
http://www.ittc.ku.edu/~jstiles/312/handouts/Diode%20Limiters.pdf

By adding a capacitor in series with the headphones and connecting two reverse-parallel diodes across the two terminals, it will reduce the amount of pops, clicks, and static.


My windows partition is Fubar, how can I at least reclaim that HDD space for my ubuntu filesystem

Install and run gparted, delete the windows partition, then just resize the ubuntu partiton to take over that space.


How to switch off numeric keypad in BT keyboard

I had the same issue (with the same keyboard), and managed to solve this using the numlockx package. Simply:

sudo apt install numlockx
numlockx off


For new installations of Ubuntu 17.04 and later a swap file is created by default instead of a swap partition. The first LTS release to use a swap file by default is Ubuntu 18.04. It's a logical new feature because of the emergence of SSDs. Creating a swap partition on an SSD will cause life-decreasing wear.*


How to display last 10 logins into the system?


Can I install ubuntu-server package in Ubuntu desktop?

No, it won't case any problem. You can use it without any issues.


How do I get a Ralink RT2070 wireless USB stick to work?

Solved over on ubuntuforums.  Long and painful.  Does require compiling the driver if you do it exactly according to the forum directions here.


you may try udtc (Ubuntu Developer Tools Center)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:didrocks/ubuntu-developer-tools-center
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-developer-tools-center

udtc ide eclipse

udtc will install eclipse luna.

For more information: http://www.webupd8.org/2014/10/ubuntu-developer-tools-center-01.html

NOTE:

As of Mar, 1st 2015, the PPA at didirocks has been deprecated (see here) fortunately there is an alternative mentioned, namely:  ubuntu-make

to use ubuntu-make instead, replace the first command line mentioned with:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-desktop/ubuntu-make


RT3920 Bluetooth driver(Module) not autoloading on Startup

Make sure it is not in any blacklist inside the files in /etc/modprobe.d (in my case was in rtbth-dkms.conf)
Just apply the path:
-backlist rtbth
+#backlist rtbth

and it will charge propertly.


Blue Screen Effects Missing in Kdenlive on Ubuntu 16.04

I resolved the issue, by posting a question on irc.freenode.net#kdenlive. The bot there found an old answer:

  I believe "Blue screen" was renamed "Chroma key"


"Unusable" space installing Ubuntu 11.04 beside Windows 7 - but it's the only space I have!

Likely you have four primary partitions.

To rectify this, you would need to remove a partition, replace it with an Extended Partition, then use logical partitions within that Extended Partition to get more than 4 partitions onto the drive.


Looking for a entry level program similiar to Microsoft Publisher?

Try out Scribus. It's a good desktop publishing software. It doesn't work with microsoft publisher files, but you can use it to do publisher type tasks.

Other software you can use for the flyers,posters,cards etc. would be gimp,inkscape, libreofice draw,xara (i think the free linux version has not seen any development for a while so you might want to avoid that one)

good luck (y)


Can not upgrade 18.04 to 19.04 beause libre is not upgraded

To upgrade those packages you can just run sudo apt full-upgrade.


You should install another boot loader and address your MBR or UEFI to the installed boot loader.

I assume you had a dual boot windows. In that case you can use windows installation cd to recovering your windows installation.

boot to installation media (cd, dvd, flash memory, etc)
go to recovery option (don't go to installation)
select reinstall MBR or bootloader
reboot

but you will miss ubuntu ;)


You said you have to start dnscypt-proxy manually. May be you should use dnscrypt-proxy packages from my PPA :

https://launchpad.net/~anton+/+archive/ubuntu/dnscrypt

As dnscrypt-proxy starts automatically.

I have tested it with unbound on a previous version of dnscrypt-proxy. Still I need to reinstall the unbound configuration for the latest version of dnscrypt-proxy. At that time I may be able to give you advices.

I just posted yesterday a test version of dnscrypt-proxy woking with systemd for Vivid 15.04.


How do I upgrade to a newer version of Ubuntu?

Summary
This answer summarizes the recommended community upgrade process.
You should always read the release notes for any potential issues that may affect your upgrade.
Backup
Before you start any upgrade process – ask yourself this question:
Can I afford to lose any/all my data such as documents and files?
If the answer is no - then backup your installation.
Upgrading Ubuntu works 99 times out of 100 – a backup will save you lots of frustration later if things do go wrong.
Comparison of backup tools
Graphics
If you have installed proprietary drivers from the Additional Drivers or Hardware Drivers window then these should be automatically upgraded with the Nvidia/ATI binary driver appropriate for 12.04/14.04
If you have downloaded and installed proprietary drivers manually directly from the manufacturers website then the recommendation is to remove these drivers first and revert to the open-source drivers before upgrading.  Potentially what can happen is that a /etc/X11/xorg.conf file will remain after the upgrade and subsequently on first reboot, you will boot into a 'black screen'.
These questions describe the removal process:

How do I remove ATI/AMD Drivers downloaded from their site?

Remove nVidia driver and go back to Nouveau

PPAs
During the upgrade, any PPA sources you may have added will be automatically disabled.  Generally, PPAs do not affect the upgrade process.
There are a couple of specific PPAs that could cause issues - x-swat and xorg-edgers.  These PPAs should be removed via ppa-purge before upgrading

ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
xorg-edgers/ppa

How to Upgrade
Your 13.10 upgrade program will alert you of the new release and offer an upgrade. If this does not happen then see the trouble-shooting section below.
Please see the trouble-shooting section for the special case for LTS users between 12.04/14.04 and the release 12.04.1/14.04.1
The official ubuntu.com page has information:

For desktop and server editions.

Immediately after a Ubuntu release, the download servers are extremely busy.  Thus, if you can, we suggest to wait a few days if you want to upgrade.
Alternatively, download using a bittorrent client such as Transmission, the official desktop ISO torrent.
Upgrade over the Network
You can easily upgrade over the network with the following procedure.

Launch the update manager.
Click the Check button to check for new updates.
If there are any updates to install, use the Install Updates button to install them, and press Check again after that is complete.
A message will appear informing you of the availability of the new release.

For 10.04LTS/12.04LTS users you need to check the "Release upgrade - Show new distribution releases" drop-down to make sure "Long term support releases only" is selected, and change it if otherwise. See the Trouble-shooting section below for more details.  Please see the trouble-shooting section for the special case for LTS users between 12.04/14.04 and the release 12.04.1/14.04.1

Click Upgrade.

Follow the on-screen instructions.
See Also:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/TrustyUpgrades for more information on some alternate methods of upgrading for certain cases.

Upgrading by using the CD or USB image
If you are using 10.04 LTS/12.04 LTS or 11.10/13.10 and you either insert the live CD or boot from the live CD to start installing it will give a option of upgrading to 12.04/14.04. It will automatically detect installed applications and install the updated version of your applications also.
If you download an ISO, the recommendation is to perform a md5sum check to ensure both the ISO downloaded and the burned CD are valid.

Upgrade from 10.04 LTS/12.04 LTS (here shown with dual boot):

NOTE: Upgrades from 10.04 to 12.04 / Upgrades from 12.04 to 14.04 are not activated yet, see this question for more detail:

Why is "No new release found" when upgrading from a LTS to the next?

Upgrade from 11.10/13.10

Upgrading using the command line (eg Ubuntu Server):
11.10/13.10 and later

Run do-release-upgrade in a terminal

10.04/12.04

edit /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades and set Prompt=lts

Run do-release-upgrade in a terminal

Troubleshooting
If your 10.04/12.04 or 11.10/13.10 update-manager does not prompt you to upgrade, then check your software sources to see if it is set to "Never".  If it is then change the value to "Long Term Support Releases Only" (10.04 LTS/12.04 LTS) / "For any new version" (11.10/13.01):

for 10.04 LTS/12.04 LTS

for 11.10/13.10
According to Ubuntu Engineering Foundations team manager Steve Langasek:

Upgrades between LTS releases are not enabled by default until the first point release,  It is recommended that most LTS users wait until then before upgrading.

If you choose to upgrade before then, you can pass the -d option to the upgrade tool, running do-release-upgrade -d or update-manager -d, to upgrade from vanilla 10.04/12.04 to 12.04/14.04.
See this Q&A for further details:
Why is "No new release found" when upgrading from a LTS to the next?
If you are using an End of life version of Ubuntu
You might need to make changes to /etc/apt/sources.list to refer to the old-releases server of Ubuntu. Follow the answers given in this question to make necessary modifications and then upgrade to a newer version of Ubuntu:

How to install software or upgrade from an old unsupported release?


Chances are you need to rename it

sudo cp /lib/firmware/brcm/BCM20703A1-0a5c-6410.hcd /lib/firmware/brcm/BCM-0a5c-6410.hcd

Shutdown and boot


Ubuntu One does not provide a WebDAV interface for file storage, no.


You could try doing a fresh install (assuming you don't have important files on the drive) as opposed to an upgrade.  In some cases, upgrades can create problems:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1973093

http://ubuntuper.wordpress.com/2010/09/17/fresh-install-vs-upgrade-benefits-and-negatives-with-both/

If you can use the terminal without problems, you could try getting updates.


How to set Default Unity Login Screen in Ubuntu 12.04 with Differant user background Screens

Login to user2.
Change the desktop background of user2 session.
Logout user2.
On login screen try to see if it changes background as you change the user to login.


can't ssh into remote machine using blowfish

There is no cipher called blowfish in SSHv2. It was only in the old protocol SSHv1, which is gone (hopefully also on Ubuntu).

SSHv2 has cipher called blowfish-cbc as pointed out in manual page for ssh_config (always good place to start).


Found a solution on the Steam forum, post #55, solution described below:

This was done on a laptop with Intel HD graphics, not sure if this will work with NVidia or AMD drivers.

1.) Purge Steam PPA sudo apt-get --purge remove steam:i386

2.) Delete all Steam files from /home, including the two .steam files

3.) Download and install wget http://media.steampowered.com/client/installer/steam.deb and sudo dpkg -i steam.deb && sudo apt-get install -f

4.) It should update and install Steam now, enter your username and password. Steam is going to tell you that you are not a beta tester and quit the application.

5.) Run in terminal steam steam://open/games

6.) Steam client should be up and running


I think it is working as you wanted it to.

The two Linux Partitions (Linux SWAP and ext4) have appeared as they should. The ext4 is the actual Ubuntu Partition while the SWAP is a sort of extra RAM that Ubuntu uses (it's equivalent to Windows PAGEFILE.SYS file)

If GRUB has been properly installed then you should be able to select between Linux and Windows in the boot menu.


Following should do the work. In your browser type:

  http://localhost:port/phpmyadmin

Here is one solution according to your screenshot :
https://blog.elijaa.org/2013/02/18/solve-wrong-permissions-on-configuration-file-should-not-be-world-writable-error-on-phpmyadmin/
And a similar post on Stack Overflow.


Yes you can, by creating a .desktop file in your desktop folder. These are simple text files, with a predefined format.

So for example you want to create a desktop icon for gedit. You open up a text editor (e.g. gedit - how ironic :)), and put this text in it:

Now the only thing remaining is making the file executable. This is very simple, just right click on the file, select Properties, and tick the Execute flag:

By the way, the .desktop file specification can be read at [Freedesktop.org].(http://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/latest/).


I figured out the exact way by myself. Rod Smith was right, it’s easier than I thought.

Here the solution if anybody else needs it:

Original Partition Layout:

/dev/sda1  (EFI Partition)
/dev/sda2  (Boot Partition)
/dev/sda3  (LVM2/LUKS encrypted Root & Swap)

Converting to BIOS boot:

I deleted the EFI Partition and created a new partition with the bios_grub flag instead of it.
Using this tutorial I mounted the encrypted file system, chrooted into it and installed GRUB.
Remove the EFI Partition from /etc/fstab.


16.04 vlan manual interfaces not being created out of /etc/network/interfaces

Adding "vlan-raw-device enp3s0" solves the problem. As in:

---- /etc/network/interfaces excerpt ----
auto enp3s0.99
iface enp3s0.99 inet manual
    vlan-raw-device enp3s0
    up ip link set dev $IFACE up
    down ip link set dev $IFACE down


If it helps I can safely say this has been fixed with the latest 5.0 kernel. So all Ubuntu derivatives of 19.04 will work out of the box. I say this posting with Pop!_os 19.04 (and before that I installed Ubuntu 19.04 and Ubuntu Budgie 19.04 and they all work out the box). So pleased this is finally fixed.

Edit: ... and yes it's going at high speeds, can't test on a several hundred Mbps download/upload any more but my current internet is 70 down and 20 up and its maxing out flawlessly.


Can't install vlc and other software : packages not coming from authenticated sources

You need to ensure your software sources are enabled for Restricted Extras and Multiverse.

Open the Software Centre from Unity then select Edit -> Software Sources.

In the dialogue box that opens ensure you have the following selected;

Once this is done close the box and search for VLC in the Software Centre, you will then be able to install it.


How can I see complete package name in dpkg -l

dpkg optimizes its output for your terminal width by narrowing the columns of the output table, as you see, to avoid long lines wrapping.

You can simply prevent this by piping its output through e.g. cat, which does nothing on itself (just copying its input to its output), but disconnects dpkg's output from the terminal, so that it can't know its width and will not optimize anything:

dpkg -l | cat

Of course the same disconnection takes place if you pipe it into anything else for further processing anyway, no need to additionally use cat as part of a longer pipeline.


First off, a partition is a section of allocated space on a hard drive.

The root (/) directory on Mac OS X and on Ubuntu are just the mount point for one of the partitions on your hard drive. Your ubuntu / and your Mac OS / are mountpoints for two different partitions. The interesting thing about this is that other partitions can be mounted inside of /. On Ubuntu your flash drive would probably be mounted at /media/{username}/{flashdrivename}/. Also in Ubuntu you could have your home directory on another partition if you wanted to. In that case /home would be a mount point to a partition on your drive. That would help to keep your system files and programs separate from your documents and user configurations.

In Ubuntu to see what partitions you have and what is mounted open up a terminal and type the following command:

lsblk

It will show something like this:

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb      8:16   1 117.4G  0 disk
└─sdb1   8:17   1 117.4G  0 part /media/logan/LOGAN128
sda      8:0    0 111.8G  0 disk
├─sda4   8:4    0     1K  0 part
├─sda2   8:2    0   500M  0 part
├─sda5   8:5    0   3.9G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda3   8:3    0  29.5G  0 part
└─sda1   8:1    0  77.9G  0 part /

In my case, sda (storage device a) is my solid state drive, sdb is my flashdrive. I have my first partition on sda mounted as /. With my flashdrive, its only partition is mounted as /media/logan/LOGAN128 .

The "lowest level of your hard drive" is not /, but / is the lowest level on your computer in the sense that all mount points to are within /.

"/boot/" on Ubuntu is a place where bootloader configurations and files needed for booting are stored. Mac OS X does not have a /boot directory because it doesn't use a /boot folder for booting. Not sure what it uses - probably your "EFI" partition.


New version of Skype does not work as expected, how to install the older version?

you have two possibilities:

Solution 1: delete the "new skype", download skype 2.2 from http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/package/mint_import/maya/import/base/skype, install it.

There is a chance that ubuntu will update skype again, the next time you do an update, what brings us to solution 2.

Solution 2: Use the static version of skype 2.2 like spyroboy explains on superuser.com

  if you download the statically linked (not requiring system dependancies) skype >distributable, you can run both Skype 4.0 and Skype 2.2 on the same system.

  install skype 4.0 using the deb, and download the statically linked version of skype >2.2 and extract it to /opt and then add /opt/skype-VERSION to your $PATH in ~/.bashrc

  rename the skype executable in /opt/skype-VERSION to something like skype-2.2

  and once you've done all of that, you should be able to run skype-2.2 and skype for >either version.

  here's Skype 2.2 static: http://download.skype.com/linux/skype_static-2.2.0.35.tar.bz2

hopefully you understand what to do, if not, just askubuntu ;)

Good Luck!


When will Ubuntu include Digital Certificates from Govt of India Root CA PKI CCA India 2007?

Why must Ubuntu respect Indian law?

Mozilla handles the certificate vetting for most Linux distributions (and most applications - even Chrome uses's Mozilla's NSS AFAIK) and they're bundled into ca-certificates along with some Debian infrastructure certificates.

Mozilla is the party that the Indian government has to prove their value to. They've been in this process since at least 2009 but it can take a long time. Here are others in the process.

Root certificate inclusion is a huge deal. It requires a lot of real world verifications, a lot of additional bureaucracy and paperwork and security checks that frankly go a lot further than appeasing the petty demands of a national government.

If you trust a certificate, including it in your install is pretty simple, just don't expect everybody else in the world to trust everything you do. And certainly not on your schedule.


Run the below command on terminal to remove  evolution package,

sudo apt-get remove evolution

Or you may run the below command to remove only the evolution indicator on top-panel,

sudo apt-get remove evolution-indicator


It appears that Gnome creates a config file called .gtkrc-2.0 in your home directory to set the font on a per-user basis. Unity seems to use this file too and ends up using Gnome's default font even after Gnome has been uninstalled. Deleting this file seems to fix the problem:

rm ~/.gtkrc-2.0


No nautilus on desktop after upgrade to 12.04

mateo_salta suggested a possible solution in a comment that may work for some people experiencing this problem:

  what about gnome tweak tool,
  noobslab.com/2011/10/…
  the option to "let file browser manage the desktop" does that do
  anything?

– mateo_salta May 27 '12 at 19:31

That page (the article, probably not the comments, advertisements, etc.) is licensed (see the banner under the copyright statement) CC-BY 3.0, which permits inclusion of it here, in any part of it, with or without modification, so long as proper attribution is given. (This is because user-contributed content here is licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0.)

  Install GNOME Tweak Tool in Ubuntu 12.04 Precise Pangolin/Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot

  General tweaks (for both GNOME Shell and Unity) Change themes, fonts and more with GNOME Tweak Tool

  http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AV91jNOQrOA/TpcXSq-7kwI/AAAAAAAAFBU/NTPZW2iky0c/s1600/gnome-tweak-tool.png">

  Features:

  Install and switch gnome-shell themes
  Switch gtk/icon/cursor themes
  Switch window manager themes
  Change

  The user-interface and titlebar fonts
  Icons in menus and buttons
  Behavior on laptop lid close
  Shell font size
  File manager desktop icons
  Titlebar click action
  Shell clock to show date
  Font hinting and antialiasing

  In Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot there is no built in themes and icon
  changer in Oneiric, So easily you can use Gnome Tweak Tools for
  changing themes and icons in Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric.

  To install in Ubuntu open Terminal and copy the following command in the Terminal:

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

  When installation complete, GNOME Tweak Tool should show up as
  "Advanced Settings" in the menu. Besides changing fonts or themes,
  GNOME Tweak Tool can also be used to disable/enable GNOME Shell
  extensions, tweak the desktop, various windows behavior or GNOME
  Shell.

Source: Install GNOME Tweak Tool in Ubuntu 12.04 Precise Pangolin/Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot by Umair, posted 10/13/2011 on Noobs Lab (blog) – with slight modification (formatting, capitalization, and image alt text).


My ubuntu 14.04 randomly starts typing this character '\' repeatedly

It's about 99% that this is not a Ubuntu issue.  Try a different keyboard.

I usually just turn the keyboard upside down and pound it a few times to dislodge whatever "stuff" got jammed up in there.  Of course I have plenty of spare keyboards in case I break one doing this.

Could be that the membrane or switch, depending on what kind of keyboard it is, is having problems.

This doesn't seem to be applicable based on your particular symptoms but another place to look is system settings->keyboard.  In that tab, you can control the key repeat delay and speed.

If you have a fancy gaming keyboard, there could be a repeat sensitivity switch or other feature that needs to be reset.


Why does 12.04 upgrade abort with out of space error when  I have lots of it?

I'm seeing that you are using a separate partition for your home directory.

It's true that you have much unused space in your home, as shown by your df -i:

Filesystem      Inodes  IUsed   IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/sda8      2264752  16371 2248381    1% /home

However it's also true that you have low space available in your root filesystem:

Filesystem      Inodes  IUsed   IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/sda7       610800 576874   33926   95% /

If you run df -h, you'll see exactly how much space is left on the root device.

To resolve the issue, there are many, many ways you can proceed. In my opinion, the most simple are three:

uninstall some unused programs to free some space;
repartition your hard disk in order to make sda7 bigger;
reinstall Ubuntu, but this time creating a unique partition for everything.

If you want to go with the way 2 and need support, please provide the output full of sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda If none of those solution fit for your needs, give us some feedback and we may find something else with your help.

Whatever you'll choose, I must suggest you to backup your stuff before proceeding.

To repartition your hard disk: again, there are many options. I suggest you to do the following:

Create a Live CD with Ubuntu and boot with it, choose "Try Ubuntu" when asked and open GParted Partition Editor.
From there, you need to make sda8 smaller and move it to the right. To do so, right-click on /dev/sda8 and select Resize/Move (you may need to Unmount first). Set Free space preceding to 10240 MiB (10 GiB).
Then you need to make sda7 bigger: right-click it, choose Resize/Move and set both Free space preceding and following to 0.
Apply the operations (it may take several minutes) and close GParted.
Now you should have made your root partition big enough to hold your own files. You need to move them. From a terminal:

$ sudo -s
# cd /media/
# mkdir sda7 sda8
# mount /dev/sda7 sda7/
# mount -r /dev/sda8 sda8/
# cp -ar sda8/* sda7/home/

cp may take several minutes before completing.
Now issue sudo gedit /media/sda7/etc/fstab. You should see a line similar to this one:

 UUID=01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcdef /home ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 0

Some values may change, what's important is that you should see /home preceded and followed by one or more blank spaces. Once you have found the line, remove it.
Almost finished! What you need to do is to remove the old home partition and make use of the freed space. So, open GParted again, unmount sda7 and sda8, delete sda8 (right-click and Delete), make sda7 bigger (right-click, Resize/Move, set 0 to both Free space following and preceding). Finally, apply the operations and close GParted.

Now you are done. Reboot and from your own Ubuntu run df -h again. You will see that the available space for the root directory / has increased. You will also see that /home does not appear in the output.

Note: as you may have already noticed, repartitioning your disk is not a five-minutes task. Such operations are always risky: if you click the wrong button or if your computer experiences a power failure during the process, you will lose all of your data. Remember to backup before doing anything!


Is there a way to create a user with username "admin"?

Sure, just comment out admin in the list of reserved usernames before launching the installer. You don't need to remaster the ISO for this, though you could if you wanted.

The graphical installer on the desktop ISOs for Ubuntu and most of its official derivatives is Ubiquity. This is the installer pictured in the screenshot shown in your question. It keeps a list of reserved usernames in /usr/lib/ubiquity/user-setup/reserved-usernames.

Boot from a live USB or live DVD. Select the option to try Ubuntu, rather than the option to install it, since you should modify that file before running the installer.

Then comment out the admin line in that file by placing # at the front of the line. One way to do this is to run this one command:

sudo sed -i.orig 's/^admin$/# &/' /usr/lib/ubiquity/user-setup/reserved-usernames

Or, if you prefer, you can open the file in a text editor and manually make and save your changes:

sudoedit /usr/lib/ubiquity/user-setup/reserved-usernames

After modifying the file, double-click on the icon on the desktop to install Ubuntu.

I've tested this with the Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (amd64) desktop image.

If you feel like remastering the ISO image to avoid having to do that, you can. Any of the popular methods should work, since you're just changing one file inside the squashfs image. But if you only need this for a handful of installations, it's probably not worth it, since you can just run that one sed command (or equivalent) each time before launching the installer.

When you use this method, an admin group will be created and it will be used as the admin user's primary group. The admin user's UID will be 1000, and the admin group's GID will be 1000 as well. I don't think you need to change this, but it's a good idea to be aware of its significance.

I presume you intend the user you create during installation and name admin to be an administrator of the system who is permitted to run arbitrary commands as root (or any user) with sudo. So it shouldn't be a problem that Ubuntu's /etc/sudoers still confers those privileges to members of the admin group as well as the sudo group, even though membership in the admin group is no longer a common or recommended way to give a user these privileges.

Ubuntu's default /etc/sudoers contains these lines:

# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL

# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

You could comment out the %admin line if you wanted. Run sudo visudo to edit the file. But you really don't need to.

Even though it's easy to make the installer let you proceed with the username admin, I encourage you to consider the workaround of just not making a user called that, for two reasons:

Creating a user called admin on Ubuntu, especially during installation, is not tested. In my limited testing, it doesn't seem to cause any problems, but I can't be sure it doesn't trigger or exacerbate any current or future bugs.
admin is an easily guessed username. When examining the logs of Internet-facing SSH servers, I've noticed that admin is one of the nonexistent users that receive a high volume of automated illicit login attempts.

It's often not necessary or worthwhile to keep usernames secret. But admin is both easily guessed and attractive-sounding to people who want to break into your system.

Of course, some usernames, like root, are even more ubiquitous and attractive. This is why allowing root logins is discouraged, especially password-based logins.

If your motivation for using the name admin is that this username is hidden in some utilities or display managers, it's likely you can configure them to hide another name.

With that said, so long as you otherwise follow good security practices, including the use of strong passwords, I wouldn't expect any problems.


Accidentally Deleted Block Special File (/dev/sdb)

I tried the same operation on my system and there's no consequences as /dev/sdb will be recreated if you unplug/plug again your device.

You won't be able to eject your device cleanly though as the block device has been deleted. So if there's no I/O operations in progress just unplug it and replug. Otherwise wait till a possible copy operation has finished.


Cryptkeeper

WARNING: CryptKeeper has recently been reported that it has a universal password bug that puts your data at potential risk.  This issue may not yet be fixed in Ubuntu, use this solution at your own risk.
Relevant bug information links:
Upstream bug: https://github.com/tomm/cryptkeeper/issues/23
Debian bug: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=852751

 sudo apt-get install cryptkeeper

                                After installing, go to Applications –> System Tools –> Cryptkeeper.
                                        Cryptkeeper will automatically attach itself to the top panel

                     To create an encrypted protected folder, click on Cryptkeeper applet and select                                                                             ‘New encrypted folder’

                          Then type the folder name and where to save the folder and click ‘Forward’.

                                                              Type the password and click ‘Forward’.

                                                      The folder will be created and ready to be used.

                   To access all encrypted folder, click on Cryptkeeper applet on the panel and select                                                                                each folder.

                                                   Type the password before it is mounted to be accessed.

                                                       Done

                 To delete a folder or change the password, right-click the folder in the panel-applet.
                                                                                For More Help


Based on your comments It appears that there's a disconnect between what you expect and what's actually happening. I'll attempt to explain. It's far from uncommon for a driver to fail to reinitialize properly upon resume. I've seen this issue under numerous operating systems both `nix and Windows based. One solution is now embedded in your question: Specifically, disabling and re-enabling the USB device/port/bus as discussed in the question I linked in my comment: How do you reset a USB device from the command line?

Doing this will not magically eliminate the problem of the device not properly reinitializing during wakeup but will work as a one off. If you want to resolve that, you'll need to incorporate a script to reset the device upon waking as described in this question. Since you are running 16.04 You'll want to pay attention to this comment on the accepted answer.


OpenCV will not install due to libgtk2.0-dev dependencies

This seems to work fine for me in a chroot.  You'll want to make sure your apt sources are up to date.

  sudo apt-get update

or alternatively, just use synaptic to update them.


Have you tried right-clicking and clicking unmount?


deleted my home folder, how to get it back?

Did you try the bootable CD?  Rinzwind is correct.  One way of doing this is by using a live CD.  Boot the OS, mount the disk, and navigate via Nautilaus or a terminal to /media//user/.local/share/Trash  Locate your data and move it back.


What to do now? update just after install

It means that a package update contains a newer version of a configuration file, but the package manager doesn't want to overwrite the changes you made to the old version. Therefore it invokes the program ucf(1), which gives you the choice to either

overwrite the old file (N or O) or
retain the old file (Y or I).

In both cases the other version will be saved to a file with the respective suffix *.ucf-old or *.ucf-new, which gives you the chance to later inspect the differences and change, revert, and/or update things according to your needs. *.ucf-dist holds the original content of the configuration file in the previous package version (before you changed it).

The final two options (D and Z) allow you to inspect the changes or the larger “situation” before making a decision. When you exit the diff viewer or the shell, you'll return to the same dialogue.


How to make xdotool type Unicode characters

For the above symbol, there are two options:

Xdotool generates the character and types it:

xdotool key U2200

The shell (Bash) generates the character, and Xdotool types it:

xdotool type $'\u2200'


The debian wiki is pretty much usefull to understand the process (which is explained in details here).

For example :

the case of a simple installation of package

the case of a the upgrade of a package


How to properly install Ubuntu on my new PC

To dual boot Windows and Ubuntu, refer to this guide.

As long as you carefully follow the steps, there should not be any issues.

For a more detailed guide with screenshots and easier for beginners, check out this page.


How can I run a non-interactive ibus-setup or fix this misconfiguration in ubuntu 16.04?

ibus-setup does not change any setting but it will ask you to start ibus daemon if not already running.

So check:

System settings → Language support → input method: should be ibus

With that is set correctly, the system starts dbus daemon at boot without any user interaction.


When writing to /proc/sysrq-trigger, it actually logs the output of the commands, so I solved my problem by simply using dmesg which is used to display system logs. There you can find the output of these commands.


Reregistering your computer with Ubuntu one should do the trick. I believe in 10.10 though you'll need to remove the token from your keyring manually.

To do this, go to  Applications > Accessories > Passwords and Encryption keys and look for the one with the name "Ubuntu One" and delete it. Next time you start up Ubuntu One Preferences you'll go through the setup again.


Is it safe to use a disk after a successful fsck?

fsck fixed these errors and the reports the partition to be OK.

Well, man says:

  fsck - check and repair a Linux filesystem ... In  actuality,  fsck  is  simply a front-end for the various filesystem
         checkers (fsck.fstype) available under Linux.

So, if fsck reports that everything is all well and good, take it as so!


Cannot update .ICEauthority, do not have permission to remove/change, cannot resolve host!

It is hard to know if you have a single or multiple problems, could be a number of issues.

I suggest you boot to recovery mode and drop to a root shell. Then run

chown -R $user:$user /home/$user

where $user is your user name. This should solve your ICE error which usually occurs when one does not use sudo or gksu properly. See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo

If you need to recover data, boot any live CD and copy it over.

You may have other problems after the upgrade, hard to tell.


Active Directory users unable to change passwords [SSSD]

The password complexity message is a bit generic, it just means that SSSD attempted to change the password, but for one reason or another the AD DC wouldn't let it. We use a generic message, because the password complexity is the most common one. If you enable debug_level=10 in the domain section, and then run the password change, the krb5_child.log file under /var/log/sssd would tell you the real reason. Don't forget to reset the debug_level back after you're done with the test, because debug_level=10 is quite verbose.


Do I really need desktop sharing for one PC?

No, you don't need desktop sharing.

Also,
If you're looking for a non-terminal solution to see processes like Windows task manager, use [ALT]+[F2], then type 'gnome-system-monitor' without the quotes. Pick the second tab. Under view, you may want to choose to see 'My processes', or 'All processes'. However, many processes are used by the system so tread carefully.


Can I make nautilus launch Different directory than /home

For Ubuntu Gnome
I made it happen by editing this file
sudo nano /usr/share/applications/nautilus.desktop

I edited this line
Exec=nautilus --new-window %U

to add directory that I wanted
Exec=nautilus --new-window %U /media/sumeet/Series

in your condition it should look like
Exec=nautilus --new-window %U /media/girish/two

Strangely this doesn't apply to the icon in Gnome dock (on the left). but only in Gnome app drawer. I've managed to pin the icon in Plank but not in Gnome's Default dock. And this is just tested on Ubuntu Gnome 17.04 and across various flavors icons are handled in a different way


How to remove Minecraft server from Ubuntu 18.04

Try:

snap remove minecraft-server-jdstrand

The system will ask for your password. Provide it.

Yup, it's probably that easy.


14.04 server PXE installation fails at "Configure the network" page

The issue seems to be the interface naming issue. To workaround the problem, do the following in the installation shell:

# sed -i 's/eth0/p1p1/' /etc/network/interfaces
# ip addr add [IP address]/24 dev p1p1
# ip link set p1p1 up
# ip route add [IP address]/24 via [GW IP address] dev p1p1

After these steps, go back to the installer through exiting the shell and continue the installation

It looks, if the installation can be instructed to name the interface eth0, then there should not be such a problem.


sudo sed -i 's/^Exec=[^ ]*/& --no-splash/' /usr/share/applications/gimp.desktop

The sed script inserts the --no-splash flag right after the executable's name, this way disabling the splash screen.