How to convert HDD from GPT partitioned to partitionless keeping BTRFS filesystem intact?

I have no experience with Btrfs (more experience with ZFS) but for attention to partitions, the first utility that comes to mind is gdisk(8).

GPT fdisk text-mode partitioning tool

An outline:

$ sudo gdisk
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.1

Type device filename, or press <Enter> to exit: /dev/sda
Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.

Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 1953525168 sectors, 931.5 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 51A560B1-D116-479F-A8A2-2A8F86C89931
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1953525134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 3437 sectors (1.7 MiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048         1050623   512.0 MiB   EF00  EFI System Partition
   2         1050624         2050047   488.0 MiB   8300
   3         2050048      1953523711   930.5 GiB   8300

Command (? for help): r

Recovery/transformation command (? for help): ?
b       use backup GPT header (rebuilding main)
c       load backup partition table from disk (rebuilding main)
d       use main GPT header (rebuilding backup)
e       load main partition table from disk (rebuilding backup)
f       load MBR and build fresh GPT from it
g       convert GPT into MBR and exit
h       make hybrid MBR
i       show detailed information on a partition
l       load partition data from a backup file
m       return to main menu
o       print protective MBR data
p       print the partition table
q       quit without saving changes
t       transform BSD disklabel partition
v       verify disk
w       write table to disk and exit
x       extra functionality (experts only)
?       print this menu

Recovery/transformation command (? for help): m

Command (? for help): x

Expert command (? for help): ?
a       set attributes
c       change partition GUID
d       display the sector alignment value
e       relocate backup data structures to the end of the disk
g       change disk GUID
h       recompute CHS values in protective/hybrid MBR
i       show detailed information on a partition
l       set the sector alignment value
m       return to main menu
n       create a new protective MBR
o       print protective MBR data
p       print the partition table
q       quit without saving changes
r       recovery and transformation options (experts only)
s       resize partition table
t       transpose two partition table entries
u       replicate partition table on new device
v       verify disk
w       write table to disk and exit
z       zap (destroy) GPT data structures and exit
?       print this menu

Expert command (? for help): q
$ uname -a
Linux momh167-gjp4-kubuntu-hpelitebook850g2 4.4.0-31-generic #50-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 13 00:07:12 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$

(Could zap (destroy) GPT data structures and exit form part of a solution?)


What does ' (single quote) do in the terminal?

A terminal does not only accept one-line code. Actually, you can write code (as bash scripting is a programming language) in multiple lines.

For example, if you write:

while true; do <enter>

it will show exactly the same > that showed to your case, as well. It lets you input more commands. Now, if you type in:

echo "Cake is a lie" <enter>
sleep 1              <enter>
done                 <enter>

it will start running your code (which, in this occasion it is simply a while loop that will output a string every 1 second). This allows you to build up small programs without having to write them in one-line code, like this:

while true; do echo "Cake is a lie"; sleep 1; done

which, in this case it isn't such a problem, but it could be, in other occasions (with more code to be written).

So, it is generally used for writing multiple lines of code. In your occasion, the shell recognizes that you don't have an even number of ' inside your code, and this could not work in any case (the same applies for "). So, it let's you write more code in order to complete what you've left.

For example, if you give as command:

echo "Cake is a <enter>

then it will let you continue. And indeed, you can:

lie"            <enter>

It will normally output:

Cake is a
lie


Installer Crashed - Removing Extra packages

Issue resolved: As per a comment on the question, unplugging the ethernet cable solved the issue.


Installation of Skype 4.3. xx.yy. to Ubuntu 14.10. 64 bit

Start by opening the Software & Updates application, and tabbing to "Other Software".

Enable the "Canonical Partners" check boxes. Close the application. It will give you a message about packages being out of date. Select "Reload".

Open synaptic and search for skype after the reload is finished.

Mark for installation, and apply changes.


Will Window's check disk hurt my ext partition?

Windows' disk check is a filesystem verification tool, and so works on a partition-by-partition basis.  Your Lubuntu installation should be fine because chkdsk won't recognize the filesystem type, and so will exit without modifying it.


How should i install mn-fit-common in ubuntu 14

First, check that the universe repository is enabled by inspecting /etc/apt/sources.list with your favourite editor.

You will need to use sudo to ensure that you have permissions to edit the file.

If universe is not included then modify the file so that it does.

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid main universe

After any changes you should run this command to update your system.

sudo apt-get update

You can now install the package like this.

sudo apt-get install mn-fit-common

Which will install mn-fit-common and any other packages on which it depends.

(The Source)


Ubuntu Lamp Server Setup Public IP Connection Issue

I did not have root access as suggested.

I figured it out by following this Q&A.


Mapping the extra mouse buttons to page up and page down

The correct key names are "Page_Up" and "Page_Down". You can find a list of other available named keys by running xte -h.


How to choose between HDMI and displayport sound output using radeon free drivers

Try using Pulseaudio Volume Control

My computer does not have a displayport, or DVI :-(

You just need to run pavucontrol in terminal after it is installed, and it offers more advanced settings to that of the normal sound settings.


Is there debug.exe equivalent for linux?

You can emulate debug.exe from DOSBOX...

make a dir in your computer and paste in it debug.exe
open dosbox and mount your dir with: mount x /home/[user]/[folderCreated]
change to x:
run debug.exe


Just install it just as on a normal "HDD". If you want to you can optimize the SSD but it's NOT necessary (as long as you are not an enthusiast, I would leave it as it is).

Here is a installation guide (in case you need one):
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/install-ubuntu-desktop


Ubuntu 18.04 can't play any video or audio in any browser?

I installed KDE in order to see if the problem will persist in there. I found out that in KDE all video and audio playback is working normally.

I then returned to Gnome and to my surprise, everything is working normally there also.

So the problem has been solved.


First, open and edit /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades file and set Prompt=normal to avoid No new release found message. Save the file.
And then launch the command:

sudo do-release-upgrade

If upgrading before the official 18.10 release date or while the upgrade from 18.04 is still not available use -d to perform upgrade:

sudo do-release-upgrade -d


error when opening “An error was encountered while saving the command history”

You have to change permissions of the directory ~/.matlab so that you may write into it. Use following commands in terminal and the problem should be resolved:

sudo chmod -R 777 .matlab


In this case, your screen are not "single" screen and are independent from each other. You can see this in GDM setting, each screen as their own view port.

You only can use one active screen at a time. If Alt+ Tab are working at the same time on all monitors, you still only have one pointer to make the screen active.

So it defies the reason of having task switcher.


Speech-recognition app to convert MP3 to text?

The software you can use is Vosk-api, a modern speech recognition toolkit based on neural networks. It supports 7+ languages and works on variety of platforms including RPi and mobile.
First you convert the file to the required format and then you recognize it:
ffmpeg -i file.mp3 -ar 16000 -ac 1 file.wav

Then install vosk-api with pip:
pip3 install vosk

Then use these steps:
git clone https://github.com/alphacep/vosk-api
cd vosk-api/python/example
wget https://alphacephei.com/kaldi/models/vosk-model-small-en-us-0.3.zip
unzip vosk-model-small-en-us-0.3.zip
mv vosk-model-small-en-us-0.3 model
python3 ./test_simple.py test.wav > result.json

The result will be stored in json format.
The same directory also contains an srt subtitle output example, which is easier to evaluate and can be directly useful to some users:
python3 -m pip install srt
python3 ./test_srt.py test.wav

The example given in the repository says in perfect American English accent and perfect sound quality three sentences which I transcribe as:
one zero zero zero one
nine oh two one oh
zero one eight zero three

The "nine oh two one oh" is said very fast, but still clear. The "z" of the before last "zero" sounds a bit like an "s".
The SRT generated above reads:
1
00:00:00,870 --> 00:00:02,610
what zero zero zero one

2
00:00:03,930 --> 00:00:04,950
no no to uno

3
00:00:06,240 --> 00:00:08,010
cyril one eight zero three

so we can see that several mistakes were made, presumably in part because we have the understanding that all words are numbers to help us.
Next I also tried with the vosk-model-en-us-aspire-0.2 which was a 1.4GB download compared to 36MB of vosk-model-small-en-us-0.3 and is listed at https://alphacephei.com/vosk/models:
mv model model.vosk-model-small-en-us-0.3
wget https://alphacephei.com/vosk/models/vosk-model-en-us-aspire-0.2.zip
unzip vosk-model-en-us-aspire-0.2.zip
mv vosk-model-en-us-aspire-0.2 model

and the result was:
1
00:00:00,840 --> 00:00:02,610
one zero zero zero one

2
00:00:04,026 --> 00:00:04,980
i know what you window

3
00:00:06,270 --> 00:00:07,980
serial one eight zero three

which got one more word correct.
Tested on vosk-api 7af3e9a334fbb9557f2a41b97ba77b9745e120b3.


To expand on lasseespeholt's reply on the Wireless chipset above, on my Thinkpad Edge 13 the wireless card is listed somewhat uniformatively as "Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device 8176 (rev 01)".

Here's a step-by-step explanation of how to install the Realtek driver:

Download the driver from this page. The relevant section is "RTL8192CE-VA4"
sudo apt-get install build-essentials linux-source
cd /usr/src && sudo tar xfjv linux-source-2.6.35.tar.bz2
unpack the driver source and change to the directory contained
make
sudo su
make install

Against expectations, the last two steps cannot be replaced by a simple sudo make install because that fails with reference to a missing kernel/bounds.c.

The driver work well enough for me on Ubuntu 10.10.

UPDATE: Now there is a PPA (of which many thanks to the creator) which makes this much easier. It also has the important advantage that the driver persists through kernel upgrades. This works for maverick. Instead of the above, type:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:lexical/hwe-wireless
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rtl8192ce-dkms


Installed a nvidia driver and broke ubuntu, how would I fix this?

Login in one of those terminals
Issue dpkg --get-selections | grep nvidia: you should get there the name of the package providing nVidia driver. It should be something like nvidia-current, nvidia-experimental, etc.
Remove it using sudo apt-get remove <package-name>

Now reboot and check if it works again. If not try to move xorg.conf:

sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup


I am unable to use special characters of row which has numbers on the top of keypad?

You must check your Keyboard Layout. Follow the steps below:

Click on, En symbol on the left of your battery symbol in the panel on the top.
Then, select Text Entry Settings.
Check, under the Input Sources section, there is a entry for English (US).
If not, then click the + button to add it from the list of available Keyboard Layouts.
Type In, English US and the click Add button.
Also, Remove any other layout available in the list except English (US).


How to protect from CIA #Vault7-like attacks into Linux from Windows

The only way I see to avoid this scenario is to avoid dual-boot: get rid of Windows.  Of course, if you think the CIA can't install malware that will hide in a desktop/laptop Linux system, you're not paranoid enough...


Missing labeling of menu bar sections in german version of okular

The issue is that for some reason (unknown to me) the menu is overridden by a config file at this address: .local/share/kxmlgui5/okular/part.rc.
Solution is to remove the folder and to be in safe margin, instead of removing it, I suggest to rename it by a command like this:
mv .local/share/kxmlgui5/okular .local/share/kxmlgui5/okular.bak

I had the same issue and this is the result of running the mentioned command:


How to add some padding between a ListView and its footer?

I'm using the ContactModel.qml available in the SDK example.

To add some spacing between your footer and the last list element you can create a dedicated component for your footer and modify the layout the way you want inside it:

import QtQuick 2.0
import Ubuntu.Components 0.1

Item {
    width: 200
    height: 350

    ListView {
        width: 180; height: 200
        model: ContactModel {}
        delegate: Text {
            text: name + ": " + number
        }

        Component {
            id: myfooter
            Item {
                width: parent.width
                height: units.gu(3)
                Text {
                    anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
                    text: "Sample Text"
                }
            }
        }

        footer: myfooter
    }
}

The result:


You don't seem to have resolvconf installed. Install it and then reboot.

sudo apt-get install resolvconf

If it is already installed then do the following and then reboot.

sudo dpkg-reconfigure resolvconf


Creating a .desktop file for wine applications

Here's an example from ExamView Pro. Kubuntu 18.04.4 and Wine 3.0.1
[Desktop Entry]
Name=ExamView Test Generator
Exec=env WINEPREFIX="/home/acer/.wine" wine-stable C:\\\\windows\\\\command\\\\start.exe /Unix /home/acer/.wine/dosdevices/c:/ProgramData/Microsoft/Windows/Start\\ Menu/Programs/ExamView\\ Pro\\ Test\\ Generator/ExamView\\ Test\\ Generator.lnk
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=C274_evpro.0
StartupWMClass=evpro.exe


In order for apt to work behind proxy, you need to set it in /etc/apt/apt.conf. Create this file and write the following to it:

Acquire::http::proxy "http://username:password@host:port_no/";
Acquire::https::proxy "https://username:password@host:port_no/";
Acquire::ftp::proxy "ftp://username:password@host:port_no/";
Acquire::socks::proxy "socks://username:password@host:port_no/";

Replacing username by your username and password by your password(if applicable) and host and port_no by the host of proxy and port no of your proxy.


E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) - but how do I find the meaningful error messages in APT's output?

Apt logs it's actions sequentially, just like a human does.

Simply read the output line-by-line.

Here is a non-apt example. Read it line-by-line and you will see that it tells a story:

I am going to build a tower out of five blocks...
Clearing a working surface in the kitchen.
Kitchen: Put 7 dirty dishes from the counter into the dishwasher
Kitchen: Wiped the counter clean
Opening the box of blocks.
Warning: There are only three blocks in the box.
Build: Placed the first block.
Build: Placed the second block.
Build: Placed the third block.
Build: ERROR: Cannot keep building - ran out of blocks.
Closing the box of blocks.
ERROR (summary): Failed to complete the five-block tower.

Apt and dpkg logging works in exactly the same way - you read the story line-by-line. You see the package manager embark upon it's adventure: prepare, run subtasks, encounter non-fatal problems (Warnings), overcome adversity, etc.

Most of the output is routine, but you need it to mark apt's progress. That context is how you understand what was happening. It really is a story.

Error (1) is common. It's a summary error code, indicating that the problem occurred to a subtask ("some problem building"). Jump backward in the story to where that particular subtask occurred, and you will see the specific detail ("ran out of blocks").


How do I accept the ELUA while installing CUDA with run file?


How do I get the notification icons I want in Unity?

There's a new system load indicator. see here: What Application Indicators are available?


How to stop ubuntu about collecting personal informations

To stop it1 , just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

wget -q -O - https://fixubuntu.com/fixubuntu.sh | bash

1Source:Fix Ubuntu


Eclipse not working properly: GUI glitches etc

I've also posted this question on the Eclipse Forums:
https://www.eclipse.org/forums/index.php/m/1728570/#msg_1728570

It seems to be an issue with Eclipse and GTK3. There is no real fix and it's not clear if they will back-port the fix from the next Eclipse release.
Anyway, there are 2 ways to deal with this:

1) Define the environment variable SWT_GTK3=0, to fall back on GTK2, e.g.:

  $> SWT_GTK3=0 eclipse

2) Run the latest Milestone of Eclipse Neon (4.6) [Official release date is end of June, but seems pretty stable already]

I went with the latter one.


How to fix "Check your microphone" in Chrome for 16.04

I decided that I have to delete what I have just installed (pulseaudio-module-jack and pavucontrol) and Boom there you go. Google voice search is now working like there was no problem before :)


I'd suggest using a shell function for the submenu - as well as making the code more manageable, it allows you to define a local PS3 to make it easier for the user to keep track of which menu they're in. A minimal prototype might be something like

# submenu
submenu () {
  local PS3='Please enter sub option: '
  local options=("Sub menu item 1" "Sub menu item 2" "Sub menu quit")
  local opt
  select opt in "${options[@]}"
  do
      case $opt in
          "Sub menu item 1")
              echo "you chose sub item 1"
              ;;
          "Sub menu item 2")
              echo "you chose sub item 2"
              ;;
          "Sub menu quit")
              return
              ;;
          *) echo "invalid option $REPLY";;
      esac
  done
}

# main menu
PS3='Please enter main option: '
options=("Main menu item 1" "Submenu" "Main menu quit")
select opt in "${options[@]}"
do
    case $opt in
        "Main menu item 1")
            echo "you chose main item 1"
            ;;
        "Submenu")
            submenu
            ;;
        "Main menu quit")
            exit
            ;;
        *) echo "invalid option $REPLY";;
    esac
done

Of course, you could define the main menu in a shell function as well if you prefer.


Run sudo apt-get update first.

After updating indexes, you can run all the commands to install packages:

sudo apt-get install macchanger

sudo apt-get install aircrack-ng

sudo apt-get install reaver


2 finger scroll not working on ASUS GL752VW

For the fan problem: I had success on that department by installing NVIDIA's drivers. I would not recommend mindlessly installing those without consulting someone who knows their stuff. Either way, the default driver just didn't support the laptop well enough.

I do think most of your issues are due to drivers being incompatible, not installed or simply non-existent.


How can I get a complete list of non-standard repositories in use?

To examine the files under /etc/apt/sources.list.d, you could use:

cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list | grep -v "^#"

This reads out the contents of all the files there and then cuts out all commented out lines. This way you only get the repositories that are actually in use.


After installing Nvidia the resolution changed to 640X480

I am not very sure what you are asking, but it seems you are not able to use your computer because of a change in resolution. So my answer is based on this.
Press Ctrl + Alt + T to open terminal
or
 alt + F2 and type terminal

This will open the terminal. There type

xrandr -s 0

If this doesn't work try

xrandr -s 1280x1024

If you just mean to ask how to change the resolution, press the super key ( window key) and type 'display' and click on the icon named display. There you can change the resolution.


erase ubuntu and reinstall will it affect windows and other windows partitions

It's saying that the partition that you have created as logical, i.e,

/dev/sda7 which is of type swap and

the partition /dev/sda8 of type ext4

will be formatted and made clean to make space for the new installation of Ubuntu OS.


You need to add that original repo to your remotes.

Use git remote add to do so.
From the GitHub help page on forks:

  Once the clone is complete your repo will have a remote named “origin” that points to your fork on github. Don’t let the name confuse you, this does not point to the original repo you forked from.
  To help you keep track of that repo we will add another remote named “upstream”:

$ cd github-services
$ git remote add upstream git://github.com/pjhyett/github-services.git
$ git fetch upstream


Make sure that you have the Audio CD Recorder plugin enabled

Then a new menu option will appear in the playlist toolbar button as shown.

In Rhythmbox 2.99 and later you'll find that the right-click option you previously had are spread between the various toolbar buttons you see in the music sources themselves.


You didn't quote the regex, so \ was interpreted by the shell:

$ echo  rename -n s/9\./9/g
rename -n s/9./9/g

Quote your regexes:

rename -n 's/9\./9/g'


Identify mailserver running on remote box?

You can telnet to the host on port 25. For example:

  telnet mailserver 25

It will kick back the mail server and version number. To exit the telnet session just click QUIT.


You could make a .sh file and attach it make a .desktop file that runs  it then add it to the startup applications.


Staying in Windows, how can I know my Ubuntu version?

If you installed Windows 7 after you installed Ubuntu, you probably did 1 of 2 things:

You either installed Windows 7 over Ubuntu and deleted everything, or when you installed Windows 7 in a separate partition you overwrote the Grub bootloader. If the first was the case, then you'll need to reinstall Ubuntu and Windows 7 on separate partitions. If the latter, you'll probably want to see this answer. Summarily, you can just boot into your Windows environment, go here and get the latest version of Grub4dos, and install it on the hard drive that you installed Windows 7 and Ubuntu on.


I don't use telnet for a long time but the following should work:

Edit /etc/hosts.allow and add:

telnetd: allowed_IP

About restricting the telnet login ability to a single user check the following answer:
https://serverfault.com/questions/36322/how-can-i-use-pam-to-restrict-telnet-login-by-user

You can define the user shell so that a specific application is invoked during login, but please note that depending on the application or shell profile there could be workarounds to manually escape to a full shells.


Ubuntu 20.04 Screen Flickering on DELL G5 5590

Go to Software & Updates → Additional Drivers and select one of the offered drivers (see screenshot).


Ubuntu 14.04 + VMware 6: Left Ctrl and Right Shift not functioning

TLDR:

In Gnome Tweak Tool, set "Ctrl key position" to "Caps Lock as Ctrl" and "Caps Lock key behavior" to "Caps Lock is disabled".

Full story:

The problem appears to be how Ubuntu is remapping the CapsLock key. When Gnome Tweak Tool's "Caps Lock key behavior" property is set to "Make Caps an additional Ctrl", xmodmap reports:

xmodmap:  up to 4 keys per modifier, (keycodes in parentheses):

shift       Shift_L (0x32),  Shift_R (0x3e)
lock        Caps_Lock (0x42)
control     Control_L (0x25),  Caps_Lock (0x42),  Control_R (0x69)
mod1        Alt_L (0x40),  Alt_R (0x6c),  Meta_L (0xcd)
mod2        Num_Lock (0x4d)
mod3
mod4        Super_L (0x85),  Super_R (0x86),  Super_L (0xce),  Hyper_L (0xcf)
mod5        ISO_Level3_Shift (0x5c),  Mode_switch (0xcb)

The problem appears to be that both lock and control list "Caps_Lock (0x42)". Everything works well until you set focus into a VMWare VM (I tested using VMWare Player). After focusing VMWare's window, xmodmap will report an empty mapping:

xmodmap:  up to 0 keys per modifier, (keycodes in parentheses):

shift
lock
control
mod1
mod2
mod3
mod4
mod5

Running setxkbmap resets the keyboard mapping and temporarily resolves the issue.  Playing with xmodmap, I found that removing Caps_Lock (0x42) from lock stopped VMWare from flushing the keyboard mappings. But, Ubuntu 14.04 ignores .Xmodmap files, so there was no simple method to use xmodmap.

We can fix the root-cause of this situation by changing two settings in Gnome Tweak Tool, as described at the top of this post. Doing so will properly configure the keyboard mappings so that Caps_Lock (0x42) does not show up in two locations:

xmodmap:  up to 4 keys per modifier, (keycodes in parentheses):

shift       Shift_L (0x32),  Shift_R (0x3e)
lock
control     Control_L (0x25),  Control_L (0x42),  Control_R (0x69)
mod1        Alt_L (0x40),  Alt_R (0x6c),  Meta_L (0xcd)
mod2        Num_Lock (0x4d)
mod3
mod4        Super_L (0x85),  Super_R (0x86),  Super_L (0xce),  Hyper_L (0xcf)
mod5        ISO_Level3_Shift (0x5c),  Mode_switch (0xcb)


How to install iTunes on Ubuntu Desktop 18.04 LTS?

It's wine and playonlinux. Open terminal. Type

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install wine-stable
sudo apt-get install playonlinux

Then open up firefox and go to this download link https://www.apple.com/itunes/download/ click the 64 or 32 bit download link

wait until its finished

back in the terminal type

playonlinux

when play on linux has opened click the (install +) then type in Itunes, select it, and click install follow the installer as you see fit.

sign in and should be working i have a website tutorial that can be used step 3 and 6 did not work for myself.

https://www.wikihow.tech/Download-iTunes-for-Linux


Why does this script running su never seem to terminate if I change user inside the script?

su vlado will need a password unless run as root.
su vlado will wait for input
commands after su valdo are not executed inside su, but after exiting su valdo

what happen
cd /var/www/html/tatrytec.eu  # change dir

git pull # pull git repos

# Change user bacause of composer install warrning
su vlado # either ask password or wait for input

composer install  --no-scripts # if this get executed, you are no longer as vlado

the key point is that su vlado will fork a new shell, that will ignore (as is) following line in original bash script.
when copy/pasting you don't have that limitation (as you copy inside vlado's new shell)

I try to explain in more details which user/what happen
cd /var/www/html/tatrytec.eu  # ROOT change dir

git pull # ROOT pull git repos

# Change user bacause of composer install warrning
su vlado # VLADO wait for input
new shells as VLADO> sample command
new shells as VALDO> exit

composer install  --no-scripts # ROOT run composer

proposed correction
as root
#!/bin/bash
# Run this script as bash command like: bash create-apache-site.sh

cd /var/www/html/tatrytec.eu

git pull

# Change user bacause of composer install warrning
su vlado  <<EOF

composer install  --no-scripts

npm install --production

EOF

where

su vlado << EOF ... EOF will feed all lines to su vlado


Try wget's recursive download with restrictions:

wget -r --include-directories=ghi --no-parent www.abc.def


How to update VLC to the latest version on Ubuntu

There is a daily build PPA from the VLC team, add it following these steps

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/master-daily

Update and upgrade / install VLC

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install vlc

REF


Ubuntu 17.10 to access Windows Files Shares within workplace IT

I found that adding the following lines to /etc/samba/smb.conf solved the issue:

client use spnego = no
client ntlmv2 auth = no
workgroup = WINWIRKGRP


how do i get a brother MFC-8860DN to work over network

So far all the Brother printers (as well as most of the printers I have dealt with) has been recognized by using the Add Printer from System Settings.  On the other occasions I have found drivers either provided by the Manufacture or generic drivers provided by the Linux community.

In this case Linux Drivers is provided by the manufacturer.

Look at MCF-8860DN - Linux Drivers provided by Brother.

By the way, I also experience the similar as you when trying for support VIA phone.  The people answering the phone usually say they don't support linux.


Ubuntu one notices things are not in sync, but doesn't actually sync

Ubuntu One will be shutting down in June.  You might as well move your files over to Dropbox or Onedrive now.
Canonical to shutdown Ubuntu One


Ubuntu 14.04 slow on Asus EeeBox PC EB1030

If graphics are very slow use the following to force low graphics mode

sudo gedit /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/ubuntu.session

Remove "compiz" from the RequiredComponents list

sudo gedit /usr/share/upstart/sessions/unity7.conf

Add these lines after "export COMPIZ_CONFIG_PROFILE":

env UNITY_LOW_GFX_MODE="1"

export UNITY_LOW_GFX_MODE


How to get Hangouts Chrome app tray-icon in Unity? (without opening Chrome browser)

This isn't a huge issue for me, so to be fair, I haven't tried this fix yet.  However it seems like it should work.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:timekiller/unity-systrayfix
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

That should give you the ability to whitelist apps again for the unity notification area.  Then just add everything to the whitelist like so:

gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Panel systray-whitelist "['all']"

You'll probably have to kill or your chrome processes and restart to see the changes.

Found this info at
http://www.webupd8.org/2013/05/how-to-get-systray-whitelist-back-in.html


How to open server display configuration in Ubuntu

I am little unclear about your question but as you write "My goal is to have both of my 2 screens active - I only have 1 of them active while the other one is black screen" try below solution.

Click on System -> Preferences -> Display, which will display "Display Preference" window.

If you see only one monitor, click on Detect Monitor, which should detect all the monitors connected to the Ubuntu laptop or desktop.

Uncheck Mirror Screens. When you have this enabled, both the monitors will show the same display, which you don’t want.

Highlight the first monitor and click the On button. The first monitor will already be in on state.

Highlight the second monitor and click the On button.

To change the display order of the monitors, simply drag the monitor to re-arrange them accordingly.


How to solve the error of "Gave up waiting for root device" at boot?

It is trying to mount a device. If 'when booting/during GRUB action' you press "s" this will skip the mount process, and no errors will appear. You will need to edit the fstab file referencing the UUID number.

Example:

sudo gedit /etc/fstab
UUID=sda2

Remove the line completely, Save and close. Then reboot.


Keyboard layout to input a specific code

I would make use of the cross platform .NET rewrite of the popular Windows AutoHotkey scripting language, called IronAHK. I save time every day on my Windows system with AHK, cutting keystrokes and saving mouse clicks here and there.

You can check it out here:

⠀http://www.ironahk.net/

And you should check out the original AHK as IronAHK doesn't market themselves to the extent of the original.

⠀http://www.autohotkey.com/


This looks to me like it was a problem with OpenJDK. rt.jar is the Java Runtime and contains all the code needed to spin up a new JVM and run your app on it. It's hanging when loading a static class related to X11, which handles graphics. You can also tell this because it's part of the AWT API, which is part of the Java SE graphics libraries.

To properly debug this, you could create a Java core dump, or use a JDK tool like jstack to dump out all the threads. These aren't trivial to search through if you're unfamiliar with the topic, though, so you might not want to go into that much depth.


Simplest split tunneling solution (per application) for OpenVPN

If I understand your question correctly, I have the same goal : split tunnelling for my Ubuntu openvpn client.
From what I read so far, the network-manager (GUI) within Ubuntu-Gnome does not support such routing settings. It will route everything on the created network interface (tun0). This is a limitation from that software.
I did succeed doing that following these ways, instructions were provided by my VPN provider  :

Got the .conf file from my openvpn provider (not the .ovpn file).
Edit the file and add some routing commands (provided by the openvpn provider) such as "route-nopull ; route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 ; route W.X.Y.Z 255.255.255.255"
run the following command : sudo openvpn --config my-openvpn.conf (you may also make that automatic at boot time moving files to /etc/openvpn dir, although not yet tested).

Doing that, nothing is routed to the tun0 interface created, all trafic is still going to default enp3s0. Then I go to the App I want to use vpn, and add SOCKS5 proxy settings provided by my VPN provider. And then that App uses the tun0 network interface.
I hope this is of help.


After double-clicking a script on the desktop, show output in a terminal

This may not be the most elegant approach, but it appears to work:

Add the following to the script:

touch foo.log
uxterm -e "tail -f foo.log" &
some command > foo.log

with gnome-terminal, replace uxterm -e with gnome-terminal -x.

Thanks to the Hilltop Yodeler for directing me to this solution.


Well its probably a driver issue. From the txt info your wifi hardware is Ralink rt3290. You need to download and compile the right driver for your hardware to work.

Download the driver
here.
Extract the archive.
Open a terminal and go to the extracted folder using.

  cd /path/to/the/extracted/folder

Become root

sudo -i

Run the command as follows.

./Run.sh

That's it. This will install the driver and you need to reboot your system after installation of driver is completed.


I was having the same issue and found this:

  This is an audio related issue. If this is happening to you, then
  please set SMPlayer to have direct access to the sound device, rather
  than via a daemon like esd or pulseaudio (Default for Ubuntu)

  So the following would work:

killall pulseaudio esd

  SMPlayer Options->Preferences->Audio Tab Set "Output Driver" to "alsa" OK

See the original post here.


Have you tried Manager.Restart, used where you are using Manager.Stop for shutdown? See ConsoleKit docs.


Freezes on Dell 7537 with Ubuntu 14.04.1

Have you tried to switch to a VT (Ctrl+Alt+F1) and back (Ctrl+Alt+F7)?

Recently, I installed Ubuntu 14.04.1 with proprietary NVidia 340.29 drivers on the same laptop and have experienced the same issue. A VT switch helped me.
Also it looks like it is a known bug


Is there a system setting to reduce nvidia-331 overheats when playing video (14.04)

Laptops often overheat when their graphics cards are used near capacity.  This is why gamers typically use cooling pads with them, and also why I recommend everyone use cooling pads all the time.  I will now give you not one but two solutions.

Buy a LARGE cooling pad wih one or two large diameter fans.  they can actually cost less than units with smaller fans, so don't gauge by price.

Clean the dust out of your laptop.  To do this, turn it off, hold it against your chest with the bottom of the laptop facing away from you and the exhaust port facing up.  Now place your mouth over the exhaust port sealing all the way around it.  Imagine you are trying to hit all the notes on a harmonica at once and blow hard into it, preferably with the lights on and your eyes open (goggles might be a good idea too)

You should see a plume of dust and even some dust bunnies pop out of the holes in the bottom of the laptop.  Repeat until no more dust comes out.

Before you ask, no, canned air is not better, especially in winter.  The moisture in your breath helps discharge static fields.  Also using your breath costs significantly less and is better for the environment.

Also if you or anyone you share a home with has allergies or asthma, please do this outdoors.


What smart tvs will be compatible with Ubuntu tv?

The current plan for Ubuntu TV is to target a 13.04 release. Ubuntu TV is just a different form factor of Ubuntu Unity, so any Ubuntu installation of 13.04 should be able to become a Ubuntu TV interface (and vice versa). To my knowledge (I don't work for Canonical), there aren't any TVs that will run Ubuntu TV that have been announced, and I think installing on current TVs is a bit of a pipe dream (it would require a fair bit of hacking skills to do so, and probably wouldn't run very well).

You could build a box (or buy a small form factor box) that you could plug into a TV via HDMI or similar. Although there is no reference platform, I'd recommend something with an Atom processor. Although it may work on ARM, it isn't planned to be optimized for it so I'm unsure how well it would run.


how to swich from different VGA on Ubuntu 14 lts

First of all install AMD proprietary drivers by running in terminal

sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates

After that you should be able to switch adapters in Catalyst Control Center.


how can I run a qt application in another pc from the one it was develop on

I believe there are several methods that can be used. I have listed one method below and this is the recommended method in the deployment documentation that I gave in the comment.

I'm using a standard new Qt Widgets Application project named HelloWorld for this example and this has been compiled in release mode and the resulting file is named "HelloWorld". This example also assumes you are using x64.

Assuming we start with a root folder named MyApp, copy the "HelloWorld" executable to it. The following libraries then need to be copied from QtInstallationFolder/gcc_64/lib to this folder:

libicudata
libicui18n
libicuuc
libQt5Core
libQt5DBus
libQt5Gui
libQt5Widgets
libQt5XcbQpa

Also, copy the following library from QtInstallationFolder/gcc_64/plugins/platforms to MyApp/platforms:

libqxcb

Copy and paste the following into a text editor and save this into the MyApp folder as HelloWorld.sh:

#!/bin/sh
appname=`basename $0 | sed s,\.sh$,,`

dirname=`dirname $0`
tmp="${dirname#?}"

if [ "${dirname%$tmp}" != "/" ]; then
dirname=$PWD/$dirname
fi
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$dirname
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
$dirname/$appname "$@"

You should then be able to run the application from the application root folder with:

./HelloWorld.sh

The above represents the minimum libraries required for a GUI application. If you use this method for your application and that uses any further libraries than those listed above, you would also need to copy these to the root MyApp folder.  Also, when you create the .sh file, use the name of your application.

Hope that helps.


when will Ubuntu be updating samba v4.3.11 for the bug just discovered?

See CVE-2017-7494 and USN 3296-1. Fix has been released except for 17.10. The guidelines on updating are

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

But -when- this is released we do not know. As soon as possible is the best you can get. Though I would assume it already should ... it is seen as a "high security issue".

===

It is:

Setting up samba-vfs-modules (2:4.5.8+dfsg-0ubuntu0.17.04.2) ...

was what I got when I dist-upgraded.


Wifi broadcom BCM4352 not recognized after fresh install

After you install Ubuntu to your hard drive, you can extract bcmwl-kernel-source and its dependency dkms from the install DVD or USB.
Navigate to /pool/restricted/b/bcmwl and drag and drop the deb file to your desktop.
Next, navigate to /pool/main/d/dkms drag and drop dkms to your desktop.
Now install both with:

sudo dpkg -i ~/Desktop/*.deb

Load the driver:

sudo modprobe wl

Your wireless should now be working.


i accidentally disabled my ubuntu profile

Adding Users To Admin / Sudo Group Using Recovery Mode

First shutdown your computer, then 'restart whilst holding shift' on the keyboard to load grub menu.

Select 'recovery mode' from the grub menu.

Select 'drop to root shell' from the recovery menu.

Remount the drive with write permission using mount -o rw,remount /

Now type adduser username sudo replacing username with your user name  ie. 'adduser  phil sudo'

You should now see a message saying 'adding user' followed by 'done'.

Type shutdown -r now to restart the computer.


Need to change a key from greater than less than to backslash pipe

are you sure the selected layout corresponds to your keyboard ??

  system -> preferences -> keyboard - layouts


Resolved!

The problem was that I was trying to hook the iso to my SATA controller, instead to my IDE controller.

So:

Remove the first blank IDE controller
Add gparted iso to the IDE controller.
Make sure it's set to Primary Master (not sure if mandatory, this worked for me).


Cannot connect to server using filezilla with portnumber

As your error log says:

Error:  Cannot establish FTP connection to an SFTP server. Please select proper protocol.

SFTP and FTP are different protocols!

SFTP uses an SSH connection in the background. Just because this works does not allways mean automatically that you can use the FTP protocol to connect to it since FTP is not secured.

Make sure you have an FTP-Server installed on the server machine.

Alternative

Instead you could choose the SFTP Option in the connection settings of FileZilla.

Also make sure you choose not "Anonymous" but "normal" as Logon Type and provide valid login data.


How to properly make a bootable iso from the contents of a directory

A cd typically uses iso9660 on the raw media and through the spec uses El Torito (an emulated floppy drive with a drive image) for booting along with UEFI which requires an EFI executable at /EFI/boot/bootx64.efi. The emulated floppy image is also for UEFI formated FAT32 containing the same /EFI/boot/bootx64.efi but also contains a legacy boot loader at the beginning of the image.


To my knowledge HDMI audio features were added in the Geforce 9xxx series. Prior cards normally only support picture via HDMI


Why can't I install new fonts in LibreOffice?

I've found a solution for this problem. To do that you have to paste the fonts in the directory

~/.local/share/fonts

It's important to mention here that, normally, you can't see the folders which started with a dot(.)(in ubuntu folders started with . are hidden folders). To see these folders press ctrl+h or click view > show hidden files.

Now if you don't have a folder named fonts in ~/.local/share/, then create one and paste your desired fonts in that folder.

This solution worked for me; hope it can help others.


What's wrong with tasksel ubuntustudio- packages?

Just trying this I get the same problem. There is a similar but ever so slightly different bug report open, that I suggest you mark as affecting you.


OpenOffice launcher icon name is "untitled 1 - OpenOffice Writer"

Absolutely.
Somehow a local .desktop file of must have been created, with a weird naming. The local one will overrule the global one as long as it exists.
How to solve

Unlock the current Openoffice-Writer -launcher (icon) from the Unity-Launcher

Remove the local copy of the launcher: Navigate to ~/.local/share/applications (~ stands for your home- directory, .local is a directory in your home directory, hidden by default. To make it visible: in nautilus, press Ctrl+H to make it visible). Remove any reference to OpenOfficeWriter.

Log out/in, open Dash, type "writer" and drag the icon from Dash on to the launcher.

That should solve it.


Will my data be erased if I upgrade from Ubuntu 11.10 to 12.04

No:

your mail will not be deleted. At least last time I upgraded, instead of a clean install, all my mail remained(thunderbird).

For your applications when upgrading you have a arrow next to the to be deleted text. Click it to see which applications will be deleted.


Problem with Dell TEAC CAB-200 installed 14.04

First install the Bluetooth device drivers :

sudo apt-get install bluez bluez-alsa bluez-audio bluez-btsco bluez-compat bluez-cups bluez-dbg bluez-gstreamer bluez-hcidump bluez-pcmcia-support bluez-tools bluez-utils python-bluez bluewho indicator-bluetooth libbluetooth-dev  libgnome-bluetooth11 libbluetooth3 python-gobject python-dbus

Then run:

sudo /etc/init.d/bluez-utils restart


How do I install Nvidia drivers on a Lenovo Ideapad Y570?

Does your laptop provide nvidia optimus technology?

If yes you can find help here.

I hope this helps


Is it possible to change the filesystem type of the Compact Disc (CD) in linux using terminal commands?

If this is a software issue and not an issue with the actual disk, I believe you can achieve iso9660 format using xfburn:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xfburn
xfburn --transcoder=basic

ref: works with format iso9660

&

:~$ xfburn --transcoder=list
Valid transcoders are:
    basic   Can only burn uncompressed CD quality .wav files.
    gst Uses gstreamer, and can burn all formats supported by it.

However, it may not be possible to not have a UFS burned disk as one of the advantages of UFS implementation over iso9660 is the ability to work with CD-RW disks as iso9660 is readonly and CD-RW is of course re-writable.

http://www.axis.com/files/tech_notes/cd_formats.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9660

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format


Display Text Too large on startup - possible GUI driver issues

Second Edit:
Quoting from Brian Murray on the launchpad forum for this bug:
"The verification of the Stable Release Update for mutter has completed
successfully and the package is now being released to -updates.
Subsequently, the Ubuntu Stable Release Updates Team is being
unsubscribed and will not receive messages about this bug report.  In
the event that you encounter a regression using the package from
-updates please report a new bug using ubuntu-bug and tag the bug report
regression-update so we can easily find any regressions."
First Edit:
It seems that a fix has come out of the launchpad forums. It has worked for me. Unhold the original hold below, if you did indeed use the below original solution. If not, do not use this command...
sudo apt-mark unhold libmutter-6-0
and download/install the package from the PPA as follows...
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ci-train-ppa-service/4265.1
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt upgrade
The original answer I gave shall be left here for reference, in case the above is not happy, Jan.
Original:
So, for my machine, it seems that every startup script solution I have tried does not resize the text on the screen, on startup. The only solution that has worked for me has been taken from comment #17 at https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mutter/+bug/1892440 and involves downgrading the libmutter package to the state prior to the upgrade. The commands are as follows:
sudo apt install libmutter-6-0=3.36.1-3ubuntu3 gir1.2-mutter-6=3.36.1-3ubuntu3
sudo apt-mark hold libmutter-6-0
The first command reverts the package and the second command stops subsequent update events from updating the package. The second command is optional, but it means that you will manually either have to unselect this update or re-run the first command untill the problem is fixed with the package.


From man date:

%s     seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC

So you want date +%s, not date +%T.

And if by %computername% you mean the hostname, use the $HOSTNAME variable or the hostname command. So, something like:

#!bin/bash
echo "$HOSTNAME, timestamp=$( date +%s )" >> "system_monitor.csv"


So long as you have access to a gui and can boot the livecd you can just delete the swap (as the system does at every boot if it is not hibernating) and create a new partition of the size you want.


Kernel panic on boot: run-init: /sbin/init: No such file or directory

Follow these steps:

Boot your linux distribution on USB or CD

Live boot your system on the USB or CD key

In command line type: sudo mount /dev/sda1 or your dist partition /mnt

Run command: sudo chroot /mnt

Then run: sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf
Edit in file
nameserver 8.8.8.8

sudo apt-get install init

After reboot your system, It will work fine.


Change logical interface name based on driver not MAC address?

I guess you're selecting the device by MAC like this

[...]ATTR{address}=="57:04:b6:c2:6c:z3"[...]

You might try selecting by vendor and model instead

[...]ATTR{vendor}=="VENDOR", ATTR{model}=="MODEL"[...]

The necessary information can be obtained from lsusb or via udevadm.

I have not tried this myself, so it is only a somewhat educated guess on my end.


Install php5 instead of the default php7.0 with the LAMP stack

Use Ondřej Surý's PPA.

This will allow you to install any combination of PHP 5.6, 7.0, 7.1, and 7.2 alongside each other.

To install:

    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
    sudo apt update

PHP 5.6 package names will begin with php5.6-, PHP 7.0 package names will begin with php7.0-, and so forth.

For information on running multiple PHP versions using this PPA, see this page in the wiki.


When you run photorec / testdisk, you need root access to use them. Because of this, you end up with the folders that are created in a Read only state. You don't have permission to write or delete them.

What I normally do is one of the following actions:

Press ALT+F2 and type: gksu nautilus

Then navigate to where your folders are and DELETE the folders.
In the terminal go to where the folders are and do the following:

chmod 777 FOLDER/ -R

assuming FOLDER is the main recovery folder and inside of it are all the recovery folders. You can change the 777 value to a 700 if you do not feel safer from others looking on the computer ^^.

If the folders are not inside a custom (Eg: home/recoveryfolder/recup_dir.X....) then you must apply the chmod to each folder seperately or do something like this in home:

chmod 777 recup_dir* -R

This should bring back the access permission to all recup_dir folder for you.


Ubuntu 15.04 locks and asks for unknown password (pc w/ UEFI firmware)

You can't find out a password on Ubuntu. Maybe with the use of some hacking tools and brute-force algorithms, but this is not useful in such cases, and it's not necessary.

However you have a few options:

Option 1: The "morally correct" and easiest way

Just call the IT guy of your company that set up your computer and ask him for the password he has set.

If he tells you that no password is set (you can also try this before/instead of calling him/her), you're probably suffering from a bug (?) in the lock screen that always asks for a password, even if there is none. So click on the gear symbol in the panel (bar on top of the screen, symbol in the right corner usually) and select "Switch user..." or something similar. That way, you leave the lock screen and get to the greeter which recognizes whether somebody has a password or not and does accept logging in without a password, if there is none set.

Option 2: The "hacky" way

When you have physical access to the machine, you can log into a root terminal in recovery mode without password and set a new password without knowing the old one for your account.

Therefore, you do as detailedly advised in this answer, or summarized below:

Reboot and enter the GRUB menu. If you're not dual-booting with another OS, it's probably hidden. Holding Shift during boot (it has to appear after the BIOS/UEFI prompt and before Ubuntu starts to load, so press and hold it better too early than too late) should display it though.
From the given options, select the one with the highest kernel version number (if there are many) and the additional phrase (recovery mode).
You'll see another menu, where you please select the option

root - Drop to root shell prompt

You should be located in a "full-screen terminal" now and logged in as root (super user) now. This should look like:

root@YOURHOSTNAME:~#

First, we need to remount the hard disk now, as we only have read access at the moment, but we need to write. Do this with:

mount -rw -o remount /

Now you can set the password for the user YOURUSERNAME with the command:

passwd YOURUSERNAME

It asks you type in a password twice (without displaying any character on the screen, you type blindly!) and then tells you it was successful, if you typed it correctly twice.
You successfully have overwritten your user's unknown password with a new one. Restart the machine normally with:

reboot

On the normal greeter screen, log in with your new password (except if automatic login is still enabled, then you don't have to enter it).

Congratulations! You successfully hacked your password! ;-D


This was fixed by deselecting the Use system keyboard layout check box in the Advanced tab of the IBus Preferences window (ibus-setup).

Now, the other keys work in Spanish and Swedish ([o gives ò in Spanish and [ gives å in Swedish).


Ubuntu 18.04 VNC/Vino stops refreshing when turning display off

I had the same issue on Intel NUC with Ubuntu 19.04 and solved it by disabling of KMS for Intel graphics:

Set GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset i915.modeset=0" in /etc/default/grub
Run sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Reboot

Related issue I solved later: If you reboot your machine when display is disconnected, X server might not start. Then:

Use config from https://techoverflow.net/2019/02/23/how-to-run-x-server-using-xserver-xorg-video-dummy-driver-on-ubuntu/
And install "xserver-xorg-video-dummy-hwe-18.04" and configure according to Add Fake Display when No Monitor is Plugged In


dpkg error code (1) while trying to re-install Firefox

It's a conflict with the package "acroread". Where did you get this package from?

You could uninstall acroread:

sudo apt-get remove acroread

Then it should be possible to install Firefox again.

I just checked the latest version (9.5.3) from http://get.adobe.com/. This package doesn't seem to have the conflict, so you could re-install this package.

Another way would be to just overwrite the directories/files (there are dpkg-options...) or to delete/rename the directories/files before the installation of Firefox. But that's definitely not recommended...


Either system tray icons or unity-control-center icons disappear - how can I have both?

I managed to resolve it myself by doing a workaround via alacarte for each problematic applications;

Open up alacarte and navigate to your application (you can manually edit, but make sure to know what to do. Using alacarte is the safe way)
Add this string before the actual command: env XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=Unity
Save, and close
(Optional) Manually modify ~/.config/autostart/*.desktop of your application and add the same string after Exec= if that still happens.
Comment out/delete export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=Unity from your .profile

It appears that adding that line to .profile causes a bug on Unity in 18.04.


How can I use the voice recognition used by Android on Ubuntu?

You may use Google's webspeech API for your application. It uses the same technology as used on android.


I suggest you use the -N option.
-N
--timestamping
    Turn on time-stamping.

It enables time-stamping, which re-downloads the file only if its newer on the server than the downloaded version.
$ wget -N https://cdn.sstatic.net/askubuntu/img/logo.png
...
Saving to: ‘logo.png’
...

$ wget -N https://cdn.sstatic.net/askubuntu/img/logo.png
...
Server file no newer than local file ‘logo.png’ -- not retrieving.

Caveat (from αғsнιη's comment)
If the server is not configured properly, it may always report that the file is new and -N will always re-download the file. In this case, -nc is probably a better option.


You can check, if your graphics card is able to handle 8K (2x4K) by opening a terminal and issuing the following command:
xrandr

It will display some data like: (excerpt from my PC)
Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 4480 x 1440, maximum 16384 x 16384
DVI-I-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DVI-I-1 connected primary 1920x1080+0+360 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 598mm x 336mm..

.
The first line shows your max resolution, in my case it is maximum 16384 x 16384
Since both displays work, you should have two Monitors connected (In the example you can see that "DVI-I-1" is connected.  And it will show the possible resolutions for each monitor:
DVI-D-0 connected 2560x1440+1920+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 597mm x 336mm
   2560x1440     59.95*+  69.93
   2048x1280     60.00
   1920x1200     59.88
   1920x1080     60.00    59.94    50.00    60.05    60.00    50.04
   1680x1050     59.95
   1600x1200     60.00
   1600x900      60.00
   1440x900      59.89
   1280x1024     75.02
   1280x720      60.00    59.94    50.00
   1024x768      75.03    60.00
   800x600       75.00    60.32
   720x576       50.00
   720x480       59.94
   640x480       75.00    59.94    59.93

This shows, that my second monitor is connected as DVI-D-0, its highest resolution is 2560x1440, (framerate is 69.93 hz) but the entries below could be selected as well.


How can I make an unallocated SD partition usable?

If your sd is not mounted automatically you can mount it using the mount command through the terminal just make sure fdisk -l lists the sd.

First format it using the command

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdname

Then mount it using the command

mount /dev/sdname /directory/to/mount/sd

If you want to mount it permanently then give the entry in the file,

cat /etc/fstab

Add the line

/dev/sd place/to/mount ext4 defaults 0 0

If the sd is NTFS or FAT format go to the link below

Mount NTFS or FAT filesystem


Why do I have 2 Bluetooth Icons on my panel?

Are they actually the same? They may look the same, but what if you look at their menus (not just left-click, but try right click), particularly the "about"? Ubuntu has several standard bluetooth management applets and you might be running more than one of them.

In the terminal, type ps ax | grep blue and this will give you everything (and maybe a few more things) having to do with bluetooth running as processes on your system. There should be two of them that have something like "applet" as part of their name. If you're not sure, just paste in the whole thing in your answer and we can straighten it out.

Ok, so as fossfreedom pointed out, blueman is not in the default Ubuntu install, so the fix is to just uninstall that.


No external monitor until hot reboot from Windows

Sounds like a kernel problem, the kernel is the home of intel driver (or some other driver related to the problem, it's all in the kernel). Since you have tried three different usb-c adaptors and since at least one of them used to work until recently, a kernel bug is my guess. I have run into one of these myself recently, but a different problem.

This means you may need to report a kernel bug. To be helpful, you'll be invited to try different kernels to isolate when the bug hit.

The first thing would be to see if going back to an old kernel helps. One of the problems is that if your problem has been introduced by a change in a driver, that change may have backported to all the current kernels supported by Ubuntu 19.10. So even though the Advanced login when you start Ubuntu gives you the choice of 'old' kernels, they may still have the problem, particularly if the problem was introduced by a security patch, since security patches are backported with alacrity.

You can grab kernels from this 'library':
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/MainlineBuilds

Or you can make a previous version of an Ubuntu kernel. Compiling kernels is much easier than it used to be, and it's fun. Use the git method.
see this:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/KernelTeam/GitKernelBuild
but it misses one or two steps, my notes here (a key missing step is rm vmlinux-gdb.py https://askubuntu.com/a/1190174/152287)

It takes a while (30 minutes or so, depending on your hardware, and allow 60 GB during the build). The git download will have all the versions like a time-machine, so you can 'bisect' to see where the problem began. You have to learn the basics of git (git tag, git checkout and optionally git
bisect).

Once you have found when the problem was introduced, see https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/FAQ


Until the compiz xinerama bug is solved, select classic ubuntu (no effects) on logon to make xinerama work.


There is a slight change in the behavior of Alt this time; tapping Alt will bring out the HUD.  Holding Alt will bring the application's menu.

If you quickly tap Alt+D you will see your cursor jump to Chrome's address bar, and then the HUD appears right over it (annoying).

If you hold down Alt and then press D, you should see the cursor go to Chrome's address bar.

In other words, you have to slow down to make it do what you want.

If you don't care about the HUD, you can go into Settings > Keyboard and change the shortcut or disable the shortcut there


Transmission keeps crashing when a web seed is connected

The web seed is most likely causing transmission to crash, I was having the same issue. This has as of now been fixed at least for transmission-daemon.

If you're not willing to wait for an update through Ubuntu repositories and have the technical know-how then get the latest nightly tarball; anything upwards from revision 14463 should work.


For what I know, LibreOffice has no arbitrary precision numbers (decimal or integers). So if the number exceeds the range of a long integer it is stored as an IEEE754 number and so it has a limited precision.

So basically you can't do calculations with arbitrary precision in Calc, and if you want to read the long number as a number you will have it rounded off.

If you do not need to do calculations, use a string; put in your csv:

,
,
,12345678901234678901234567890
,"123456789012345678901234567890"

(notice the quotation marks) and then when reading it be sure to add "quoted field as text" and the correct text delimiter:

...and you have

Now --- if you touch, transform, eval the string --- you will have the rounding kicking in again.

Maybe you can use currency type which is a 64 bit integer, but as far as I know there is no way to force that via csv.


How to disable GUI on boot in 18.04 (Bionic Beaver)?

To disable GUI on boot, run:

sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target

To enable GUI again issue the command:

sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target

To start Gnome session on a system without a current GUI just execute:

sudo systemctl start gdm3.service


How to control display brightness on Intel hardware?

As ændrük said, this is probably not actually related to the intel driver, but if you want to adjust the backlight manually, you can set it via the command line using sysfs.

cat /sys/class/backlight/[whatever driver, usually there is only 1 just just tab complete this]/max_brightness

To see what the max is, then

echo [whatever brightness] | sudo tee - /sys/class/backlight/[same driver]/brightness


How can I make a keyboard shortcut to turn off and turn on the screen?

There are two circumstances that make your situation a bit different from the supposed duplicate(s):

Some process seems to wake your screen up, if your screen wakes up after the xset dpms force off command, it must be. My screen doesn't for example.
If you don't want your screen to wake up, just with any key press, the xset dpms force off command is not doing what you want.

A workaround is the script below. What it does:

It looks up your screen's name and the current brightness
if the brightness is not equal to zero, it blacks the screen, else it sets brightness to normal

In other words: It toggles between black screen and normal brightness.
How to use

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as toggle_screen.py

Run it by the command:
  python3 /path/to/toggle_screen.py

Make sure you can repeat the command with a black screen, or else you will have to log out to toggle back...

If it works as you'd like it to, add it to a keyboard shortcut: Choose: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts". Click the "+" and add the command.

The script
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import subprocess

cmd1 = "xrandr --verbose"
get = subprocess.check_output(["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd1]).decode("utf-8").split()
brightness = get[get.index("Brightness:")+1]
screens = [get[i-1] for i in range(len(get)) if get[i] == "connected"]

if brightness == "1.0":
    for scr in screens:
        subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", "xrandr --output "+scr+" --brightness 0"])
else:
    for scr in screens:
        subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", "xrandr --output "+scr+" --brightness 1"])


Media player recognizing Artists as a semi-colon separated list

Have you tried Quod Libet?

It supports multiple values per any tags (backed by the Mutagen library), and has features to split custom-delimited tags (e.g. using semicolons, slashes, pipes, whatever). Converting your library may be a bit manual unless you use the console plugin to write a small script to do your whole library).

You can get the (older) Ubuntu version easily:

$ sudo apt-get install quodlibet quodlibet-plugins


OK. If found the cause of the problem: eCryptFS. The backup destination was located in my encrypted home directory. And obviously long file names are a problem. After moving the destination to an unencrypted folder outside my home, it works. For reference: the system is running Lucid Lynx, server edition, all updates installed.


gtkentry is editable but not work, can't write!

The GTK_CAN_FOCUS flag is required to be set.

If using Glade to develop the UI, you can click on your GtkEntry element, then in the Properties panel, click on the Common tab, then toggle the Can focus: button to Yes.

Run your application again and you will be able to set focus to the field and enter text.


Wireless not recognised on a Compaq Presario CQ57

Okay, I've found the answer at this page:

https://atinfinity.wordpress.com/2011/05/21/ralink-rt5390-wi-fi-driver-on-ubuntu-11-04/

Since the openSUSE driver patches have been updated, the package version numbers of the commands must be changed as well.


Failed to update Ubuntu Server 14.04.2 LTS (Trusty Tahr)

Your repository is out of date.

Via the GUI

Open the software center
Edit > Software Sources...
Find Download from and select Main Server from the drop down list
Close out of the software center
Do a sudo apt-get update

Via the CLI

Edit your /etc/apt/sources.list to reflect this:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main

Some of the mirrors break. I live in Pakistan, and the mirror here hasn't worked for years. I use the Main Server myself.


Is it possible to install games like Defense of the Ancients in ubuntu?

The answer here can't be precise. You can play Windows games on Linux using softwares such as Wine (free) and CrossOver Games (paid), that simulate Windows's APIs.

The performance in some games are actualy better than playing it in Windows, like Counter Strike 1.6 for example, but lots of games simple won't play. There is a software database that shows lots of softwares and games that run with Wine, with how tos and stuffs.

But be aware that Wine can be tricky and kinda depends on your hardware. A game may play fine on NVidia graphic cards but not with Intel ones for example, even if it used to play fine on Windows.

On a side note, Warcraft III received a platinum score on Wine App DB, so i would say it play just fine, but never tryed it myself since i prefer to play native Linux games (and trust me, there ARE lots of them).

Wine is on Ubuntu's repositories, so all you have to do is type this on terminal:

sudo apt-get install wine

The Wine App DB can be find here. You could also look at PlayOnLinux, a front end to Wine that implement lots of the how tos and do it themselfs, prety cool. And if nothing of that helps, you might want to try Cross Over Games, a paid software (:


First you need to uninstall the manually compiled version of OpenSSL 1.1.1a. Assuming you've kept the build directory, this is as simple as running make uninstall in that folder. After successfully completing that, you need to reinstall the Ubuntu package using apt-get install --reinstall openssl.


problem with dual amd graphics card amd radeon r5 A8 and radeon r7 m260

You can switch them this way:

sudo aticonfig --px-igpu

to the integrated adapter.

sudo aticonfig --px-dgpu

to the descrete adapter.

Log off and log on after that.

You can see the status by

aticonfig --pxl

You can also switch the adapters using Catalyst Control Center  GUI utility.

Note: This should work on a supported Ubuntu version (14.04 or 15.10) and with the latest fglrx that can be installed by:

sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates


You need to make use of the alternate installer
It's available from here: alternate-i386.iso or alternate-amd64.iso
Boot from the alternate CD. When you are presented with the installer main menu, Press F6 to see the "other options" menu. At the top of the list should be Expert Mode. Enable it by hitting return, close the menu (escape) and hit install.
When you get to the Expert menu, you can skip to the "Detect and Mount CD ROM" stage. You can set the keyboard if you like, but I won't cover that ;)
Once this stage has finished (The default values are often fine if you're prompted for them) Go to Load "installer components from CD", then select "network-console: Continue installation remotely using SSH". Unless you need anything else, continue onwards.
Then wait for the relevant modules to load before selecting "configure installation remotely"
You may have to enter network settings but it's pretty straightforward.
Then you'll need to enter a password for the SSH connection. Again, pretty simple stuff.
Once you've done this you should return to the main menu and you can SSH in from another machine.
If you need any more information, this is a useful resource.


What might prevent mouse movements between xrandr screens?

My best guess here is that the position of the right screen is causing the problems. You could try modifying the ServerLayout section like this:

Section "ServerLayout"
        Identifier     "Layout0"
        Screen         0 "Screen0" 0 0
        Screen         1 "DisplayLinkScreen" RightOf "Screen0"
        InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
        InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
        Option         "Xinerama" "0"
EndSection

Or if you really want the DisplayLinkScreen to be the primary screen, modify it so that the coordinates match the resolution of Screen0. For example Screen0 has resolution 1900x1200:

Section "ServerLayout"
        Identifier     "Layout0"
        Screen         0  "DisplayLinkScreen" 1900 0
        Screen         1  "Screen0" LeftOf "DisplayLinkScreen"
        InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
        InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
        Option         "Xinerama" "0"
EndSection

Another possible location for the problems could be in RandR configuration which gets loaded during gnome startup. You can completely reset the RandR configuration by deleting ~/.config/monitors.xml.


How do I add an alternative "open with" command for text files in Kubuntu?

The KDE is using the desktop files to add the "open with" options. To add or edit the desktop files use the KDE Menu Editor.

The default application and the order of the applications is set with the File Associations. System Settings >  File Associations.


Unfortunately, there is no way to see the result of your work live.

However, during the development cycle, we upload language packs containing the translations done in Launchpad and in upstream projects twice a week. This way translators can see the result of their work quickly, but nevertheless there is a delay of a couple of days - i.e. it's quick, but not instantaneous.

In terms of context, it is up to the developer to add context notes to make the work of translators easier. Here's an example of such a developer comment. How well commented translations are varies between applications: some have no comments at all, some are very well commented (Orca is a good example of the latter).

In addition to that, in Launchpad you can also see where in the code the translatable message comes from. At the bottom of each message, the file and line location where it comes from are mentioned. While you'll have to have the source code for the application (or look at it on Launchpad), this is also a way to get exact context on where exactly the message is used.


Is there any way to add a new location to the list of places where nltk looks for the wordnet corpus?

import nltk;

Now, nltk.data.path is a list of locations where to search for the modules. You can just do:

nltk.data.path.append("your location/directory");


Git branch name in bash shell don't disappear on non git directories

This is happening because your prompt is being set to the value of parse_git_branch when the prompt is set, you need it to run the function each time its run.

You need to put a \ before the $(parse_git_branch) so that the dollar is hidden when the prompt is set so its not run.  When the prompt is executed the dollar will then be visible and the command in the brackets will be run thus showing the right value for the folder you are in.

export PS1="$PS1\e[30;48;5;82m\$(parse_git_branch)\e[0m \[\033[00m\]"

This is explaind in the bash docs on the 2nd paragraph of this page
http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Bash-Prompt-HOWTO/x279.html

Another useful trick here is to run /bin/bash -x and try it , this shows you much more of what is happening.


Does Ubuntu 16.04 support hybrid graphics cards (bumblebee)

I got it working after some trying (nvidia-364, from ubuntu graphics ppa).

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install nvidia-364

sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia primus linux-headers-generic

sudo systemctl enable bumblebeed

After that sudo gedit /etc/modules
and add 2 lines:

i915
bbswitch

then

sudo prime-select intel

sudo gedit /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf

in line 22: Driver=nvidia

Make sure to change lines change every nvidia-current to nvidia-364 (or whatever version you have).

After that, you can safely reboot your computer.


Core i5 compatibility with ubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-amd64

Yes it is compatible. Since your processor has a 64-bit instruction set and the machine has more than 2 GB of RAM, "amd64" is recommended.


Strange unwanted HTTPS redirection in my nginx server

This is the most awkward thing I have experienced while setting up a server. Just changing the servername did the 'trick'.

I was using .dev TLDs. I changed it to .local and voilà! Server working. Same configurarion, countless service nginx restart, 2 different vagrant machines with 2 different versions of Ubuntu, and still got the same results.

Even changing the server.conf for a totally different one.


Historically (years before Linux), /proc came first, and contained one file per process. Each (pseudo)-file provided access to the memory of the process, e.g., reading byte number 0x1234 from the file gave you the contents of address 0x1234 in the process's virtual memory. This interface was used by commands such as ps (the original process information viewer) and debuggers.

Subsequent variants of Unix copied the principle, but not the details. For example, on Linux, there is one directory per process, containing various information in a readable form. For example /proc/1/cwd is a symbolic link to the current working directory of process 1, and /proc/1/cmdline is a file containing the command line arguments.

Because it was there, Linux also used /proc to provide system information, such as /proc/cpuinfo containing information about the CPU (microprocessor) and /proc/bus/usb/ containing information about USB devices. The documentation of /proc is in the kernel documentation in filesystems/proc.txt.

Later, /sys (the sysfs filesystem) came to provide information about the kernel. For example, there is information about USB devices under /sys/bus/usb (in a different format from /proc/bus/usb), and information about kernel modules (as well as interfaces to control some modules) under /sys/modules.

Note that /proc/sys is not the same thing as /sys. /proc/sys shows a specific set of runtime-configurable kernel parameters called sysctl parameters.

You will find more historical and current information about /proc on Wikipedia.

¹ or more precisely, the proc filesystem, which can be mounted in other locations (but not having it available at /proc will break a lot of programs).


im already solve it with enable compositing

sudo apt install xcompmgr -y
and run it with xcompmgr -n &

you can also autostart it by add it into ${HOME}/.config/lxsession/autostart

nano /${HOME}/.config/lxsession/Lubuntu/autostart

and add the command

@xcompmgr -n &


Finally I have found the solution! In my case python module click came from aptitude package python3-click-package. However, it has been overwritten by another module click. After I removed the latter module, python3-click-package was left broken, so I simply reinstalled it, so that click works now:

sudo apt install --reinstall python3-click-package


Catalog your Discs (& Folders/Drives) with CD Cat, A nice little media catalog program for keeping track of your data CDs and DVDs.  To install, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get install cdcat

Also you may take a look at Removable media catalog managment.

  GWhere allows to manage a database of yours CDs and others removable
  media (hard disks, floppy drive, Zip drive, CD-ROM, etc...). With
  GWhere it's easy to browse yours CDs or to make quick search without
  need to insert yours CDs in the drive at each once.Ubuntu Apps

To install, just click GWhere


X.org has some basic screen saver functionality as well as energy saving features. Most likely either or both are responsible for the described behavior.

The settings for both can be viewed and changed with the xset tool (from the x11-xserver-utils package). xset q displays the current settings in the sections Screen Saver and DPMS (Energy Star).

You can disable the screen saver feature with:

xset s off

The power saving feature can be turned off with

xset -dpms

With these settings the screen should no longer turn off or blank automatically.

If your main concern is that 5 minutes are to short, you can also just raise the limits for that. To enable the screen saver only after 15 minutes (900 seconds) idle time, set the timeout accordingly with

xset s 900

To turn off the monitor after 20 minutes of idling run

xset dpms 0 0 1200

The two 0 values disable standby and suspend respectively, while 1200 sets the timeout for off to 20 minutes. (I usually do not use standby or suspend because there seems to be no difference between the three modes on modern TFT-displays.) Setting these values also enables DPMS, so you do not need to explicitly run xset +dpms.


Unable to play MP3 or MP4 files in Rhythmbox or Movie Player

You need to install gstreamer plugins. To install it, run this command in your terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T):

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

This will install the required plug-ins for playing MP3 and MP4 files.


Can I provision a MAAS node with an arbitrary install image?

While you could technically be able to do so, MAAS only know about Ubuntu Precise. In order to be able to do it, you would have to do the following:

Import a Quantal ISO.
Point the Cobbler profile to the newly imported Quantal Distro.
Deploy.

For MAAS eyes, you would still be deploying precise, but in reality you would be deploying Quantal. However, if you were to use juju you might find errors while using the charms.

This could help you to do some minor testing, but it is not yet recommended to do so. Quantal support will be added soon.


How to display/extend/mirror/cast Ubuntu 16.04 screen to a Samsung Smart TV that is connected to the same network?

I am thinking about a non traditional solution...

Have you thought about setting it up as a two monitors network?

If you see your tv screen from your workstation may be you can find this link as a solution for configuring a two monitors set up...

Here is the right way to do it...

Ubuntu documentation

And a link to a similar question...

This is a way to connect your pc to the Ethernet.

It seems that your TV can already communicate to the internet, which will normally be through an Ethernet connection from your TV to your home Router (Wired or Wireless connection). Your PC can connect to the internet via the same Router. Normally the Router will allow free communication between any devices within the home, whether Wired or Wireless (it is an "Ethernet Bridge").

There is a table maintained within the Router which identifies the IP address and Ethernet MAC address of every device currently active on the internet; it is normally called a "Forwarding DataBase" (FDB). Look up the router's documentation, login and read this table to find the IP address of the TV and the PC. You should be able to use the "ping" command on the PC to check that you can reach the TV via the router.

By "streaming from the PC", I assume that you want to (legally) download video to your PC (eg overnight), and then play it on the TV without any interruptions? To achieve this, you need video server software on your PC, which is a compatible format to your TV, and the downloaded video must also be a compatible format.

You should be able to provide your TV with the IP address of your PC, and the port number of the video server on your PC. It should start delivering video to your TV, over wired or wireless Ethernet.

Hope it helps...


Since it's a Gigabyte PC I presume it is Intel-based.
Look in the comment section for changing "intel_idle.max_cstate", in the following bug report: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1503731.

Another bug report in kernel bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=109051.

You can have a go in installing a newer kernel version kernel, I read somewhere this might be fixed in newer kernel versions(4.5 and up), here is a guide: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/MainlineBuilds.

Hope it helped.

Edit:
Open terminal, Ctrl + Alt + T
Use sudo nano /etc/default/grub to open grub configuration file.
Replace the line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

with this line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash intel_idle.max_cstate=1"

Press Ctrl + x then "Y" (for yes, to save, and press enter), then type sudo update-grub, enter password if needed and press enter.
After Grub updated restart and hope it worked.

I also recommend closing the PCs if they are not needed, as this solution will only extend the duration until they freeze.


When is the next Ubuntu community wallpaper contest?

For Ubuntu 16.10 (Yakkety Yak), the contest is already open for submissions and will close on 26 September 2016. Submit your wallpaper at https://www.flickr.com/groups/ubuntu-fcs-1610/. Read more about the guidelines at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuFreeCultureShowcase, which I will copy and paste here for your convenience:

  Wallpaper

  We're looking for photographic wallpapers: lovely backgrounds that
  greet the user on Ubuntu's welcome screen and at login, and provide a
  main color for the Unity Dash! We're also looking for an illustrative
  wallpaper that plays off the theme of the current development release
  (for 16.10, that's Yakkety Yak [1]).

  Images shouldn’t be too busy and filled with too many shapes and colors, a similar tone throughout is a good rule of thumb.
  A single point of focus, a single area that draws the eye into the image, can also help you avoid something too cluttered.
  The left and top edges are home to Ubuntu’s Launcher and Panel so be careful to consider how your images look in place so as not to clash
  with the user interface.
  Try them out on your own desktop; see how they feel. Try your image at different aspect ratios to make sure something important isn’t
  cropped out on smaller/ larger screens at different resolutions.
  Take a look at the wallpapers guidance on the Ubuntu Wiki regarding the size of images. Our target resolution is 3840 x 2400. This might
  result in a centered, 1080x1920 cropped image on Ubuntu phones, so
  keep this in mind!
  Break all the rules except the resolution one! :)

[1]: I have changed "for 16.04, that's Xenial Xerus" in the wiki to "for 16.10, that's Yakkety Yak".


How to close all running applications at once (not background processes)?

You can install DashToDock extension https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/307/dash-to-dock/, then you will have a "Quit all" feature per application when doing a right click on opened Windows. I'm afraid that CloseAll like app doesn't exist on Gnome or Kde. Sorry, I'm not sure if KDE has a similar feature.


G++ execution Problem but compiles successfully

If you haven't specified the name of the executable to produce with -o NAME, it will be called a.out, rather than the same name as the source file.

So either do:

g++ program.cpp -o program
./program

or

g++ program.cpp
./a.out


I cant enter decrypt key to get into ubuntu, the characters are typing in upper left corner of screen instead of decript box in center

It appears that the current updated drivers now (Jan 2021) have fixed this problem. It looks like it may have been the GeForce Video driver at the time that I used with Ubuntu 16.04 so using the very latest driver from Nvidia did the trick. Typing the Passcode to decrypt the Hard Drive now enters the text in the proper box instead of the upper left hand corner of the display.
Note: Version 18.04 of Ubuntu that uses the X-org video drivers I believe also does not have this problem. Logging into encrypted drive works normally as well.
Problem solved.


Cannot get Ubuntu to boot besides Windows 8.1 on an HP ProBook

I had similar problems with dual-booting Win8 and Ubuntu, and later I found it was because of FastBoot. Here are the steps you should follow in order to be able to boot into Windows and Ubuntu.

Back up Windows
Create a bootable Ubuntu USB drive
Shrink your Windows partition
Turn off fast boot
Turn off secure boot
Install Ubuntu
Boot Repair
Fix the boot loader
Reboot into Ubuntu (testing)
Reboot into Windows (testing)

You can find a very detailed guide on how to accomplish all these steps here


How to delete useless ssh key on my server(Ubuntu server 16.04) and generate new one

The key will be in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

You can delete the line for the old key with the editor of your choice.

You can generate a new private key by running the following command on a client machine.

ssh-keygen

Depending on which algorithm was used add the contents of the ~/.ssh/id*.pub file to the ~/.authorized_keys file on the server.  It will be a single line

It is probably called:

id_rsa.pub

And the key will look like

ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAIZ5CYnbANePH8y1rKvFIpWNWrr3kSuelNP61W/yPiPtf11DZgdWsP5eaBQQqEZpXnw57pu5SuPHe5FPn+L39c/xtPJdvn1ZSVo1OTWMPkKGX+5WuL5ypaHN5J2E4qkZD9vzQ4OcUGGdODZ676TPV5cAD7oYHvBWKdCxPUztUAAAADAQABAAIZ5CYnbANePH8y1rKvFIpWNWrr3kSuelNP6 user@foo

Note that it is a single line.  If you delete the authorized_keys file on the server you will need to make sure the permissions are correct.

chmod 0644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys


Column selection mode (CTRL+V) on vim doesn't work as expected

After some troubleshooting with Timur Fayzrakhmanov (see comments on OP) we found the following solution:

Ubuntu comes by default with a stripped down version of vim. In order to get the whole vim functionality, package vim-nox should be installed.


MySQL passwordless access via SSH tunnel - Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'

You cannot use root from outside the server. This is intentional on the part of MySQL because people would (far too often) put up a website with a MySQL backend and bug-riddled front-end, use a simple password, and get pWn3d … often in more ways than one.
A quick way forward is to create another account for all your admin work, then grant all privileges with the grant option. The process would look like this:
CREATE USER 'harry'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'superSecretPassword!123';
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'harry'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;

Problem solved


If you are directly thrown to the GRUB menu, it's too late for pressing those keys. By this time, GRUB has already "taken over control" of your computer.

So you have to press the appropriate key(s) before. I've looked it up on Dell's website: The key required for entering the BIOS Setup menu is F2.

Unless your system is quite old, in which case some of those combos may work for you:

Ctrl+Alt+⏎ Return
Delete
Fn+F1 (laptop only)
Fn+Esc (laptop only)

In case there is no time to press the appropriate key(s) "At the first text on the screen or when the Dell logo appears", try pressing it/them before pressing the power button and keep the key(s) pressed until the Setup menu or an according message appears.


Ubuntu 12.04 u fails black screen after install

in the grub loader ( at boot time ) :

you get an option for windows 7, Ubuntu , generic ubuntu , etc..

select the option "ubuntu".

If it fails to load the os it will print something on the screen.. Like :

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud
exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure
dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla
pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia
deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

?????>

Please copy that and put it here.. Will be helpful in determining what might be going wrong..


The automatic updates for my Kernel (3.16.0-30) are giving an older version (3.13.0-100)

You can't get updates for the 3.16 kernel. It is not supported any more.
You have 2 options.

Uninstall 3.16 kernel packages and use the 3.13 kernel. It will be supported till the end of Ubuntu 14.04.
Install the 4.4 kernel by running

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-xenial

This kernel will get updates till April 2019 as well.


Imrose,
  not sure what you mean by "installed the program from my disk" - can you clarify what exactly you did?

Try this - plug in you 10.04 CD and boot to a desktop from the CD.

Now use Nautilus (File Manager) and find your photos and any thing else you want to keep.

Plug in a USB stick and copy the files to the USB stick.

If you can't find your files then maybe you have overwritten them by the "installed the program from my disk"?

An excellent tool for finding photos etc is PhotoRec.  The key-thing to remember for trying to recover files is NOT to install anything else onto the hard-drive.

Use another computer and burn to a CD the Ubuntu Rescue Remix.  You can launch PhotoRec from booting using that live CD.

Once you've retrieved your valuable files, then I would concentrate on trying to find a solution for your mucked up installation.

You perhaps could spend a few hours or days searching for a solution - or you can spend 20 minutes doing a reinstall.  Your decision will probably depend on how customised your installation was.  Let us know.


Ubuntu server - ethernet disabled and no eth0 in interfaces file

When you ran ifconfig, was your ethernet interface eth0 or was it something different like enp0s25 or some such?

Whatever it was, amend your file /etc/network/interfaces to read something like:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto enp0s25
iface enp0s25 inet static
address 192.168.1.150
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameservers 192.168.1.1 8.8.8.8

Be sure to select a static address outside the range used by the DHCP server in the router, switch or other access point. Of course, substitute your details here. If you expect to ssh and ftp into the server, you need to know where it is. Do so with a static IP address:

Get the system to read and use the changes:

sudo ifdown enp0s25 && sudo ifup -v enp0s25

Did you connect?

ping -c3 192.168.1.1
ping -c3 www.ubuntu.com


Google search result font is now showing only boxes instead if words in certain parts

1st type of solution :
A good universal fix is always to reinstall the system depending on how you partition.
Getting back 100% of your workspace and functionality this way can sometimes be incredibly fast.
2nd type of solution :
(may not work)
try boot repair could work, who knows? : https://doc.ubuntu-fr.org/boot-repair
do this :

then run it and do :

3rd type of solution :
attempt to undo the changes haphazardly (low chance of success)
Ok so I don't know if the following is a good practice or it will work but I have here the contents of my fontconfig folder : https://www.dropbox.com/pri/get/Public/fontconfig.zip?_subject_uid=22720750&w=AAAdWvbuTOY4qgOgT1fFUvQzz5_hwWW3YYRqfzoZmvpCGA
As for grub this :
https://crux.nu/ports/opt/3.0/grub2/grub.cfg.sample
and this :
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/3/html/Reference_Guide/s1-grub-configfile.html
...is as good as it gets.
You HAVE to fid the drive IDS and enter them in yourself.


Ubuntu Phone Aquaris 4.5 today screen does not automatically change

I think this is indeed a reported bug.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/today-scope/+bug/1439382


How to change steam tray icon size in gnome-session-flashback

From your screenshot's ls -al's color output, The icon with 24x24 size worked with symlinking because there is a steam.png icon in /usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/apps/.

But the last steam_tray_mono.png didn't work. The symlink is broken (from the colored output). Because there is no /usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/apps/steam_tray_mono.png icon.

I suggest you to resize the icon from /usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/steam_tray_mono.png with GIMP (or any other image editor) and put it in /usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/apps/ folder. The symlink should work then.

Hope that will work.


How to run `nano` when using a `vim file` command

You can use an alias, that way you don't have to move vim and the behavior is changed only at the shell's level:

printf 'alias vim=nano\n' >>~/.bashrc
. ~/.bashrc


Is there a way to use scrypt with password included in a one-liner?

I tried this with the scrypt command:

scrypt enc -P e.txt e.txt-sc <<< "koko"

Information:

-P: Always read passphrase from stdin, and do so only once even when encrypting
<<<: Gotten from stdin (redirect stdin input stream)
"koko": passphrase

Source:

man scrypt


Mounting/unmounting TrueCrypt volumes without opening the program

Suggestion One

You can use a terminal to unmount it.

For example, I have an encrypted file named enc1 that is on /home/desgua/Dropbox/, so to mount it I should use:

truecrypt --mount /home/desgua/Dropbox/enc1 /mnt/mymountpoint/

And to unmount:

truecrypt -d /home/desgua/Dropbox/enc1

or simple:

truecrypt -d  (which should unmount every truecrypted mounted files)

.

Suggestion Two

Also you can create a launcher to unmount it:

1) Paste this at terminal: gedit ~/Desktop/unmounttruecrypt.desktop,

2) Then paste this into the file and save:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Unmount Truecrypt
Comment=Unmount all mounted Truecrypt files
Exec=gnome-terminal -e "bash -c \"truecrypt -d ; exit; exec bash\""
Icon=/usr/share/icons/Humanity/actions/48/player_eject.svg
Categories=Application;Accessories;

3) Now look at your desktop and drag the file to the Launcher.

.

Suggestion Three

Make a script to unmount it for you:

1) Paste this at terminal: gedit ~/Desktop/utscript,

2) Then paste this into the file and save:

#!/bin/bash
mnt=$(mountpoint /mnt/mymountpoint/) # See suggestion One

if [[ $mnt == "/mnt/mymountpoint/ is a mountpoint" ]]; then

    truecrypt -d /home/desgua/Dropbox/enc1 | zenity --progress --percentage=40 --auto-close --title="Unmounting" --text="I am umounting it now."
    sleep 2 | zenity --progress --percentage=100 --auto-close --title="Done!" --text="Done unmounting!"
    else

    sleep 2 | zenity --progress --percentage=100 --auto-close --title="Already done!" --text="It is unmounted already!"

    fi

exit 0

4) Paste this at terminal: chmod +x ~/Desktop/utscript


In /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

Go down the file until you get to:

# greeter-hide-users=false

Un-comment it, make sure the value is false.


Lenovo Legion Y530 Laptop Fans Not Turning On (i7-8750H processor running Ubuntu 16.04)

You can start and stop fans with Fn+Alt+Q manually. If it works, there is nothing to worry about.