Why is my Ubuntu Core 16 in an endless config loop?

The problem is with the Ubuntu update mechanism and delays on the internet.  There is what I call the doldrums which is southern hemisphere is blocked out of access to northern hemisphere servers when northern hemisphere is awake and users are throttling servers.

Whenever I try connecting to ubuntu core device at night time southern hemisphere I will often get a snap does not exist message or connection timeout with some message about missing headers.  This is just round trip problem over the internet over distances and server loading.

This morning (saturday morning southern hemisphere and northern hemisphere asleep) I reburnt the Ubuntu CORE 16 Orange Pi onto SD, loaded it, started device, let device go through it's obligatory first update and it came back up! That is it did not lock into config loop after update came through.

This indicates that the update, also prone to having to travel across planet, is sensitive to timeouts and frags the device that is updating.

Therefore, snap technology, binding to commercial entity in northern hemisphere appears unfriendly to southern hemisphere.

The only solution, since you cannot avoid the updates, is to set the updates to quiet time in northern hemisphere.


You did something really wrong: you gave everyone the power to modify the root directory and all of its subdirectories (there included /etc and /etc/sudoers*).

For this reasons sudo will refuse to run. From the friendly manual:

            To help prevent the editing of unauthorized files, the following restrictions are enforced unless explicitly allowed by the security policy:

             ·  Symbolic links may not be edited (version 1.8.15 and higher).

             ·  Symbolic links along the path to be edited are not followed when the parent directory is writable by the invoking user unless that user is root (version 1.8.16 and higher).

             ·  Files located in a directory that is writable by the invoking user may not be edited unless that user is root (version 1.8.16 and higher).

If you have root's password, please use su - to become root and fix back the permissions.

Otherwise you need to reboot the machine with init=/bin/sh, remount the / file system as rw (read-and-write) and, again, fix all those permissions. That can be tedious and error prone, indeed, but it's still possible.

As root you can start with:

find / -type d -maxdepth 1 -exec chmod -vc go-w {} \;
chmod -vc 440 /etc/sudoers


Is there a way to include NVIDIA drivers before installation?

Your problem is with nouveau so I'd suggest just blacklisting it so it never gets loaded. Normally speaking this would be done by editing /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf but that's not really feasible in a live setting.

But you can still do it using a boot parameter.

Mash the keyboard as soon as the LiveCD starts booting (after BIOS). I mashed F6 (on a hunch) and it worked - but other keys will probably work too.
Select your language and press F6 again.
Press escape to get out of that submenu and you should be left with a boot parameter line.
Add disablemodules=nouveau after the --,  right at the end of the line and hit return.

This should get you to the desktop in VESA mode. From there you should be able to install.

Before you reboot, I suggest you mount the new installation and edit its etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf file to add blacklist nouveau on a new line. If you don't do this you can do it later by doing the disablemodules-route in grub. See the Boot Options help page for more on this.

Once you're sitting on your VESA version of the desktop, you can install the nvidia driver without any issue.

Alternatively:

Download the alternate ISO and boot to that. This is a text-mode installer. Bit rawer in places but it should get Ubuntu installed.
Interfere with grub (as above) when you boot the first time.


How can I suspend the way that ubuntu does?

Suspending from the session indicator in the top right corner of the screen can be replicated with the following dbus command.

qdbus com.canonical.Unity  /com/canonical/Unity/Session com.canonical.Unity.Session.Suspend

I have used this dbus service before in other scripts and other answer on askubuntu. For instance, this has been used to determine specific choices user makes to run custom script upon login in this post: How can I run a local command (to run a script) on (just before) log out of a Unity session?


Change the application icon theme but not changing the panel icons

This did it for me

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Icons in the 'Use another icon set while keeping the Ubuntu Mono panel icons' section.

Press ALT+F2 and type "gksu nautilus /usr/share/icons".
Make a copy of the "ubuntu-mono-dark" or "ubuntu-mono-light" folder.
Rename the folder to a new name.
Open the index.theme file
Change the "Name" field to a new name ("Name=Ubuntu-Mono-Dark" to "Name=My-New-Icons")
Change "Inherits" field to the name of the icon theme you want to use ‘Inherits=Humanity-Dark,gnome,hicolor’ to the name of the folder of the icons you want to use.(This folder may be in ~/.icons or in /usr/share/icons)
Save the file and go to appearance preferences to set the new icon theme.


How can I see the email address and other details entered when users are created?

You can use the pinky command instead of finger. It is included with the GNU coreutils and should be installed on your system.

Use pinky -l username to get all information for a specific user.

There also is a chance that the email is in /etc/passwd you can check with cat /etc/passwd.


Where can I find a list of ports for update to give to our ISP so that we can update Ubuntu Server 18.04?

Your sources list file should show mostly http and maybe one or two https addresses.
These are ports 80 and 443 respectively.

http    =  port 80
https  =  port 443

DNS requests are also sent over port 53 (UDP).
Let your ISP know that these are the ports in use and to please stop filtering content to and from those addresses.
Also, see this answer to a similar question.


Resume from suspend Stopped working after 10.04.3

I use the same hardware and hat the same problem. I'm running 10.10 because of this "bug".

Maybe this post could help you: Lenovo Ideapad s10-3 doesn't resume from suspend

I'm still waiting until this bug is fixed because I'm too lazy to try some workarounds and really need my system working...


Ubuntu 14.04 installation - hide ssd builtin disk

I was searching for an answer to the exact same question, since I am more or less in your situation with 128GB SK hynix SSD drive on DELL XPS 15 (L521X).

On your question - I would suggest to check your BIOS for onboard SSD disable function available, and then disable the drive for good.

(this may also include BIOS update)


Get Flash-Aid and run it. It will detect installed flash plugins, remove them and install the best option according to your system architecture and version. Additionally, it will apply some tweaks that should fix your problems. If you still get that issue after running Flash-Aid, then go to the extension Help tab, click the "Generate Report" button and send me the results so I can analyze your situation.


Based on feedback on this question the only way to install tmpwatch is to build it from source

First download this source file

wget https://fedorahosted.org/releases/t/m/tmpwatch/tmpwatch-2.11.tar.bz2

Now extract it

tar xjf tmpwatch-2.11.tar.bz2

Now enter its directory

cd tmpwatch-2.11

Now we can build it

./configure
make

Now install it

sudo make install

You can now find its .bin file in /usr/local/sbin.

Tested Xubuntu 15.10


Step by Step: Remove/Sideline Preinstalled Windows 8, Install Ubuntu

If you want to start fresh just get a "boot cd" it will allow you to totally wipe out the drive and reformat it, to a blank drive. you have to be able to enter the
Basic Input Output System(BIOS) and make changes. Make the drive Active, After that install the OS.
Maybe you would want to save the drive first by doing a sector copy, if you have spare drive. the boot CD has all the stuff you need.


Is it possible to upgrade with an SSD a laptop dual booted with ubuntu and windows 10?

Most computers and OSs can handle more than one drive.  Some people put one OS per drive or put all OSs on one drive and use the other for data storage.  Ubuntu/Linux does this easier because they don't really care what type of drive they are put on, unlike Windows that can get picky.  As long as all OSs are installed the same(legacy/MBR or UEFI/GPT) should be good.  Backup of data before installing OS is recommended.


If from other server on that network, if is linux os command is host mywebsite.corp.com 172.20.1.1, I guess that is 172.20.1.1 your DNS server,
you can not resolve logical name to ip address, problem is on record on dns server.

On DNS server you must have record, mywebsite.corp.com A 172.20.1.96.


How can I export/save a playlist in gmusicbrowser?

Yes, it is possible:

Open the settings
Go to the Plugins tab
Set the check mark for the export plugin
Go back to your library
Mark/highlight the tracks you want to select for export
With the right mouse button, click on one of the track you selected and then click on export to m3u-file


Failed unmounting Mount unit for nvidia support in snappy

I just had the same problem after upgrading. Waiting for response. I'm nearly used to that the system will go down every time after upgrading...

I temporarily solved it by stopping lightdm and reinstalling NVIDIA driver:

systemctl stop lightdm.service

purge nvidia (I have nvidia-364 installed)

install nvidia-367


Automatically Enable Secondary Display When Connected

Yes.

the workflow has indeed improved since then. When I plug in my secondary display to my laptop in Ubuntu 12.04 (lts) . The screen is automatically enabled and all previous configuration (if its tilted , left or right side of my current screen) are remembered.

You should upgrade to a more current distribution.


Prevent kubuntu from remembering previous session

KDE System Settings > Startup and Shutdown > Desktop Session > On Login

Documents
KDE Help Center - Session Management

On Login You may choose one of three options on what should happen
when you log into KDE:
Restore previous session If this option is
checked, KDE will save your current session's state when you logout.
KDE will restore your session on the next login, so you can continue
to work with a desktop just like you left it.
Restore manually saved
session Instead of restoring KDE to the state it was when you logged
out last, it will be restored to a specific state that you have saved
manually. If this option is checked, the start menu offers an
additional item Leave → Save Session.
Start with an empty session If
you choose this option, KDE will never restore sessions that it has
saved.

(Old older versions of KDE, you can find this setting at: KDE System Settings > Startup and Shutdown > Session Management > On Login)
KDE UserBase System Settings/Startup and Shutdown : http://userbase.kde.org/System_Settings/Startup_and_Shutdown


Stopping desktopcouch and gwibber-service?

If you don't use them, you could uninstall them both. DesktopCouch isn't used for much yet. I just checked my database, and it's only really used for Gwibber and Evolution's contacts (and an experimental build of Caffeine).


Although there could be a problem in /etc/bash_completion.d/git-prompt, I think you need to wrap PS1=... into a function and set PROMPT_COMMAND. See https://github.com/sengaya/configs-and-scripts/blob/master/.bashrc#L104 and https://github.com/sengaya/configs-and-scripts/blob/master/.bashrc#L16 for an example.


Try this command:

sudo rsync -vaEW /path/to/old/home /path/to/new/home

This will effectively sync the two directories.


Openoffice didn't install correctly, how do I remove it?

You want to install aptitude first on your Ubuntu system. Run this command in Terminal to install aptitude.

    sudo apt-get install aptitude

Once that finishes, you can purge openoffice and remove it completely with this command:

    sudo aptitude purge openoffice.org

aptitude will remove all dependencies that were included with openoffice. This is why we are using this instead of apt-get.


Wifi is not working in Dell Vostro 2420 after reinstalling Ubuntu 12.04

That is what I thought, your device is not supportd in 12.04 without a lot of extra work.

When dell installed 12.04 on your system they added the driver and the pci id for the device that is why it worked when you first received it before you reinstalled.

The best thing to do is to install ubuntu 14.04 your device should work after installing the driver without issues.


How can I factory-reset an OEM install of Ubuntu?

I have not tested this because I don't want to wipe my system.  However, the following may do what you want:

Create a new user:

Name: OEM Configuration (temporary user)
Login: oem
UID: 29999
Groups: adm, cdrom, sudo, dip, plugdev, lpadmin, oem, sambashare
Home: /home/oem

Log in as oem and delete all other users and home folders.

Install: oem-config, oem-config-slideshow-ubuntu, oem-config-gtk, ubiquity, ubiquity-frontend-gtk, ubiquity-ubuntu-artwork

Make other changes as desired.

Run oem-config-prepare


Why does Windows have to installed first in a dual boot set up?

Because Windows acts as if other OSes do not exist during it's install process and will destroy the other present operating systems.
If you install Windows first and then proceed to install Ubuntu after it, Ubuntu will correctly detect Windows and add it to the boot list A.K.A. "bootloader", in this case GRUB, and dual boot will correctly function.
Quick note though, for best results, after finishing the Windows installation run:
powercfg -h off

in an administrator Powershell or cmd
This will make sure Windows does not prevent Ubuntu from installing by locking the drives on shutdown/reboot/hibernate.


Is VMware 8 compatible with Ubuntu 12.04?

VMware 8.0.4 is compatible with Ubuntu 12.04, you just need to apply a simple patch to allow the modules to build on the 3.2 kernel used by Ubuntu.

The patch is described and available on this page, but the version in there needs to be changed to 8.0.4 to apply successfully.

Here's how:

To download and apply the patch,

Open a terminal and type:

mkdir vmw_patch && cd vmw_patch
wget -O- http://weltall.heliohost.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/vmware802fixlinux320.tar.gz | tar -xz
sed -i -e 's/8.0.2/8.0.4/g' patch-modules_3.2.0.sh
./patch-modules_3.2.0.sh

That should compile the modules without any errors.

  Explanation: wget downloads the patch, and tar extracts it without actually saving the downloaded file. sed updates 8.0.2 to 8.0.4 in the patching script so that it will run.


Can't boot from USB HDD on Samsung notebook

In modern laptops, you should press F12 to show the boot-menu, where you can select USB as an option to boot from.
As I remember,the bios does not recognize it as an HDD, but a USB

Don't forget to use FAT32 system in your USB stick and install ubuntu 14.10 using a tool like unetbootin, so as it become bootable.


Unable to install wine on ubuntu 14.04 lts

You can try one of the following:

sudo apt-get -f install

To force install the dependencies and such.

Or try installing it via the Ubuntu Wine Team PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine1.7


(tar: /dev/nst0: Cannot read: Cannot allocate memory) with tar, pv and tape drive

Solved it, pv was creating a different block / buffer size ...

From the pv man page:

  The default buffer size is the block size of the input file’s
  filesystem multiplied by 32 (512kb  max), or 400kb if the block size
  cannot be determined.

From the tar man page:

  block size of Nx512 bytes (default N=20)

So give the correct buffer size to pv as (20 x 512 = 10240)

tar -cf - /home/myuser/ | pv -B 10240 -s 142524k > /dev/nst0

Now if you test the archive with tar -tvf /dev/nst0, it should work.


Libreoffice doesnt work since update to ubuntu 15.04

A possible way to solve this is to update the source from which the Libreoffice update is triggered. To automatically get the latest stable Libreoffice, you may need to add the following repository:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/ppa
sudo apt-get update sudo
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Cheers,


Mixing Legacy and UEFI boot - WIndows 7 and Ubuntu 13.10

Some EFIs support switching between BIOS/CSM/legacy-mode and EFI/UEFI-mode booting in their boot managers. This is a bit awkward, because it usually requires pressing Esc or a function key during a very brief window of time early in the boot process, but it can work acceptably for some people.

If that's not an option, you might try my rEFInd boot manager. Try the USB flash drive version first; you can try it without writing anything to disk, then if it works, install it to your hard disk. You'll need to edit the refind.conf file, though: Uncomment the scanfor option and ensure that hdbios is among the options. This will tell rEFInd to scan for BIOS-mode boot options and present any that it finds on its menu. (The default on PCs is to ignore BIOS/CSM/legacy boot options.) Using rEFInd in this way works on many new PCs, but it's not guaranteed to work; some EFIs lack the necessary features, and systems with multiple hard disks don't always work correctly when booting in this way.


You may try to install Chrome on Ubuntu, but, it is not advisable. If possible, upgrade to 64 bit Ubuntu. However, as an immediate solution to your problem will be installing Chromium. It is an open-source version of Chrome. In the terminal type:

sudo apt-get install chromium-browser

You can also install it through Ubuntu Software Center.

Many other browsers (like Opera) are based on Chromium. If your Netflix working has been stymied only by the lack of Chrome on the system, this should do the trick. I myself, am using Chromium as an alternative to Chrome for years.


How to add sound applet to "taskbar" in gnome 3?

Probably you have the same touble I have.
When the sound applet/volume control vanish I open a terminal and run:

pulseaudio

if doesn't work, try:

killall pulseaudio
pulseaudio

try it to see if works.


How to remove duplicate entries in Grub menu?

For permanent fix:

sudo mv /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober /etc/grub.d/07_os-prober

and Windows will be on top even after updates


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, ZFS, SWRAID and mentoring inquiries

They need to ask their programming department because hosting is a lot of automation of virtualized machines and devices. So even though you think that ZFS is just the ticking of a checkbox, that little checkbox becomes an immense headache when you are managing thousands of hardware boxes running tens of thousands of virtual machines, and trying to make them all work reasonably stable.

Just because Ubuntu now exists with ZFS does not mean that the whole world is going to jump onto that train right away. It takes a lot of effort and testing to figure how to integrate any "new" stuff into an existing infrastructure. And I wouldn't even expect a reputable hosting provider to jump onto that bandwagon before the first point release - in this case meaning 16.04.1 - because in the world of hosting, stability can make or break the entire business.

So you think it's time to jump to 16.04 - fine, do so with your own machines. But it's not reasonable to expect or even demand this from your hosting providers.

In your place, I would set up a box or three under my own desk and play around with it. In your place, I would probably have done that during the public beta phase already. That would have given me an understanding of the features and limits of the new release, as well as a sense of what it takes to get this going.


Can I set a computer name alias for ssh connection?

If you're just looking to change the display, you could change the PS1 value of your .profile ,assuming you're using bash...

HOSTDISPLAY=server01

export PS1="[${LOGNAME}@${HOSTDISPLAY} \${PWD}]"


do-release-upgrade stuck configuring openssh server

After more reading around, I've got the upgrade running again like this:
sudo kill 14627  # focal upgrade process - see question

This also resulted in the dpkg processes (see original question) from terminating, and the file lock being released.
I then tried
sudo apt dist-upgrade

... which told me to do this first:
sudo dpkg --configure -a

This  led immediately back to the question about ssh_config, i.e. back to where I was when the upgrade stopped (I suspect I inadvertently hit Ctrl-C).
And then finally (fingers crossed):
sudo apt dist-upgrade

As I write this, I'm now 15% through the upgrade. I'll update this answer later, hopefully from Ubuntu 20.04!
Update It worked - I'm now on Ubuntu 20.04


Why does key-based ssh fail even after setting up the authorized_keys file on the remote host?

This solution was written by the Original Poster of this question, Brad Grissom

The problem ended up being the permissions of the user directory itself were wide open 777 and they needed to be restricted 755:

raspihost $  ls -lhF /home/
drwxrwxrwx 5 matt matt 4.0K Oct 17 18:24 matt/
raspihost $  chmod 755 /home/matt

And now ssh without a password works!


grep with PCRE (-P), extracting only the matched portion (-o):

grep -Po '"\KTron[^"]*\.exe' file

In the Regex pattern:

" matches a literal ", \K discards the match
Tron matches literal Tron
[^"]* matches zero or more characters that are not "
\.exe matches literal .exe

Example:

$ cat file.txt

 Tron v9.6.1 (2016-10-03).exe

 Tron v9.6.1 (2016-10-03).torrent

 md5sums.txt

 md5sums.txt.asc

 sha256sums.txt

 sha256sums.txt.asc

$ grep -Po '"\KTron[^"]*\.exe' file.txt
Tron%20v9.6.1%20(2016-10-03).exe


Xubuntu - Logitech presenter works only partialy

I had this same issue with my Logitech R400. From what I could tell, this is supposed to be handled in the file /lib/udev/hwdb.d/60-keyboard.hwdb. That file specifies button presses to catch and turns them into "standard" events like presentation and displaytoggle.  But this isn't working properly in 14.04.

The comments in the top of that file tell you how to override it.  So I followed the instructions and it worked!  Below are the instructions I followed.  I copied the section out and modified it to work like it does on Windows.  These bindings work on LibreOffice Impress that comes with 14.04 as well as evince in presentation mode.

Open your text editor.
Copy the following and paste into the editor.

# Logitech Presenter R400
keyboard:usb:v046DpC52Dd*dc*dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*in00*
 KEYBOARD_KEY_070029=esc
 KEYBOARD_KEY_07003e=f5
 KEYBOARD_KEY_070037=b

Save the file as 70-keyboard.hwdb.
Open a terminal with CTRL+ALT+T.
Change directory to where you saved the file, if necessary.
Copy the file to the appropriate place so that it overrides the bad entry and doesn't get clobbered by updates by running the following command.  Enter your password when prompted.

sudo cp 70-keyboard.hwdb /etc/udev/hwdb.d

Do udev magic so that our changes are picked up.

sudo udevadm hwdb --update
sudo udevadm trigger /dev/input/event*

It doesn't say so in the file, but I had to reboot before the changes took.

One note that I found important.  Apparently, Windows doesn't use a single key to "toggle" into and out of presentation mode.  F5 is used to begin the presentation and ESC is used to end the presentation.  To give the effect of toggling presentation mode on and off, the remote itself first sends F5 then sends ESC.

So if the presentation has been started by you pressing F5 at the keyboard, pressing the "presentation" button on the remote will do nothing at first button press.  It just sends F5 again.  The second time you press the "presentation" button, it sends ESC and the presentation will end.


Boot a Live System from CD/DVD/USB
Assuming the root partition of the Ubuntu installation on the hdd is sda1, mount it to /mnt

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

If the root filesystem is not on on sda1 use e.g sudo fdisk -l to find the correct identifier.
Open the file /mnt/etc/grub.d/40_custom with your favorite editor, e.g

sudo nano /mnt/etc/grub.d/40_custom

Make any changes you feel necessary. Best to make a backup beforehand.
Now you need to update Grub.

a. Mount the kernel filesystems to their appropriate places

    sudo mount --rbind /dev /mnt/dev
    sudo mount --rbind /sys /mnt/sys
    sudo mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc

b. Do you have a separate boot partition?
  If yes, mount it to /mnt/boot

c. Change root to /mnt

    sudo chroot /mnt

d. Issue update-grub. This will generate a new grub.cfg and write it to /boot/grub/. (Btw, this is equivalent to grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg)
Reboot.


The htop program doesn't require root access to see disk usage of your own processes and with a little configuration it lets you sort by read/write IO, and it's a great tool for interactively killing processes.

It's also terminal based, which has the advantage of working over SSH.

Go to F2 (Setup) and then select IO_READ_RATE and IO_WRITE_RATE.

After you're finished selecting columns, go to F10 (Done) and you will see the new columns, including IO_READ_RATE abbreviated as IORR and IO_WRITE_RATE abbreviated as IOWR.

You can sort by the relevant column with F6 (SortBy). This shows sorting by IORR. You can see that du and ioping are using the most.

Note that for security reasons -- CVE-2011-2494 -- you cannot see disk usage by programs running as other users unless you run htop as root. (How many bytes a process uses could expose e.g. lengths of ssh usernames and passwords.)

Related questions:

https://superuser.com/questions/50091/how-do-i-find-out-what-processes-are-accessing-the-hard-disk-in-a-gnu-linux-base

https://serverfault.com/questions/169676/howto-check-disk-i-o-utilisation-per-process

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14021810/finding-process-with-heavy-disk-i-o


Keyboard and touchpad freeze after suspend

I had exactly the same issue with a Toshiba Satellite C50D-A-10K running Debian Buster. When resuming from suspend, both the keyboard and the touchpad wouldn't work. I followed the directions from here, and changed the file /etc/default/grub adding

i8042.reset i8042.nomux i8042.nopnp i8042.noloop

to the line

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT.

Then I updated grub (sudo update-grub) and everything works fine now.


How to run Multiple Magento2 setup with Nginx

Yeah, it's fairly easy to do so in Nginx.
You just have to edit the Nginx virtual host file.

Let's take one case for example.

Case : One Website, Multiple Store Views
For example, we have

mystore.com (store code: mystore_en)
mystore.de (store code: mystore_de)
mystore.es (store code: mystore_es)
…

Step 1. Edit your Nginx virtual host configuration file as

File: Usually located under /etc/nginx/sites-available/ or /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/ or other depending upon the OS type.

map $http_host $MAGE_RUN_CODE {
    mystore.com mystore_en;
    mystore.de mystore_de;
    mystore.es mystore_es;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name mystore.com mystore.de mystore.es;
    set $MAGE_ROOT /path/to/your/magento2;
    set $MAGE_MODE default;
    include /path/to/your/magento2/nginx.conf.sample;
}

Here you can see how the Nginx map block is used to set MAGE_RUN_CODE as per host. And server_name directive includes all the available domains.

Step 2. Send MAGE_RUN_CODE and MAGE_RUN_TYPE variables to the php-fpm server
File: include path from above, example: path/to/your/magento2/nginx.conf.sample

#...
# PHP entry point for main application
location ~ (index|get|static|report|404|503)\.php$ {
    try_files $uri =404;
    fastcgi_pass   fastcgi_backend;
    fastcgi_buffers 1024 4k;

    fastcgi_param  PHP_FLAG  "session.auto_start=off \n suhosin.session.cryptua=off";
    fastcgi_param  PHP_VALUE "memory_limit=768M \n max_execution_time=600";
    fastcgi_read_timeout 600s;
    fastcgi_connect_timeout 600s;

    #add here - start
    fastcgi_param  MAGE_RUN_TYPE store;
    fastcgi_param  MAGE_RUN_CODE $MAGE_RUN_CODE;
    #end

    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include        fastcgi_params;
}
#...

Here Nginx fastcgi_param‘s MAGE_RUN_TYPE & MAGE_RUN_CODE will create the environment variables for PHP so that the script can access the values via

$_SERVER['MAGE_RUN_TYPE']
$_SERVER['MAGE_RUN_CODE']

For details please check: http://www.blog.magepsycho.com/set-multiple-magento-2-websites-stores-nginx/


Accidentally deleted everything with GParted

You can try to recover lost partitions if no more actions have been done to the disk (format, write...).

Boot from a Ubuntu LiveCD/USB on that machine, open a terminal and install testdisk with sudo apt install testdisk.

Then run sudo testdisk and follow the on screen menu-like instructions to try to recover with this tool.

If you still can't recover or want more options, check this link about data recovery from Ubuntu wiki.

Hope it helps.


I am trying to make a Windows Install USB, but there are issues

Installing Windows using mkusb 12.5.7

Install mkusb: Can I install mkusb in Ubuntu live USB?

Click mkusb-plug icon to start and then proceed as follows:

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3
[]4]
Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Step 7

Step 8
You should now have a USB installer ready to infect your computer with Windows
More Information can be found here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb#Windows_USB_install_drive


Always do

sudo apt-get <command>

To drop into root,

sudo -i or sudo su (sudo -i is recommended and more proper, but it really doesn't matter)


How to prevent loggin in via ssh as my domestic user?

Are you using windows to log in to the server or linux? the process will be different, if you add your friends public key to your profile he will get access to your files, what you may want is to add his public key to his user profile, /home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys and change permission to 600 to be readable by the user. give him access to webfiles by adding him to www-data group, and set youself as the owner of files by sudo chown -R yourname:www-data /var/www/public_html/ and
sudo chmod -R g+w /var/www/public_html/ make sure you change the directory and username appropriately.
If you configure to change Password Authentication to 'NO' in /etc/ssh/sshd-config and restart the ssh service by sudo service ssh restart the plain text password authentication will be disabled, be warned that first test that the ssh authentication is working before closing the session  or you may be locked out, for more security you can change the default port to something greater than 1024, and X11 forwarding to no. for more information read this article - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SSH/OpenSSH/Keys


Unity Features not working after upgrade to 11.10

You may be running Unity 2D - I would log out and click on the cog next to your password entry box, ensure you select Ubuntu as your desktop that way when you log in you will use Unity Shell if it has been enabled previously in CCSM.

It's a simple way to check before you try to purge then reinstall Unity......


Random freezes when using Linux Kernel 4.19.2 on Ubuntu 18.10

How to diagnose a slow down, use top by running

top

Then determine what's using an ecessive amount of your processing power... Most of the time high cpu usage is caused by a bad usb cable that Linux can't configure. The other thing is heavy Web scripts, add on toolbars and multiple tabs open on a browser. At least in my experience those are the 2 main problems

After you've checked out your programs, look into your swappiness and tweak it just a little bit.


Try clicking the Ubuntu logo on the login menu and selecting Unity 2D or Gnome classic. The problem may lie with the proprietary AMD drivers installed during installation. If you don't need full-featured 3D acceleration, you might just want to go to Hardware Drivers and remove the proprietary drivers (the open source ones are just as good in most non-gaming cases). Good luck!


"Desktop file does not exist" error when using qmake based template in Ubuntu SDK

The click chroot is outdated or broken.

Select the "Tools..." menu item under the Options menu. Go to the Ubuntu tab in the Options dialog and delete the chroots. After that recreate the new chroots.


Full dark theme for eclipse Luna in Ubuntu 14.04

May be you need to try this plugin from eclipse market place -- Eclipse Color Theme

After installing Eclipse Color Theme you have to go to:

Preferences -> Appearance -> Color Theme,

Then select the whatever theme you like...


installing php-gettext using --with-gettext

PHP gettext extension is compiled either as builtin module (in case of php5 packages) or included in phpX.Y-common package as dynamic extension and loaded by default (in case of new coinstallable PHP packages).

There's no need to compile it yourself if you are using prepackaged PHP.


How do I get the Java plugin in Firefox 3.6 working?

You may be missing the package sun-java6-plugin since it is not a dependency of sun-java6-jre. Try installing it via:

sudo apt-get install sun-java6-plugin

Then, restart Firefox and check for the plugin in Tools ▸ Add-ons ▸ Plugins or by typing about:plugins into the address bar.


How do I recover documents from a broken Ubuntu installation?

Go to another computer, simply download an actual Ubuntu image and make a bootable USB stick described on homepage from ubuntu.com. Boot from these USB stick and choose "Try Ubuntu". Now put a clean second USB stick or HDD into another USB port and save your documents from your computer HDD.

PS: It does not work, if you have encryption enabled by installation.


How to Fix Teamviewer Detect Commercial Use on Ubuntu?

Uninstall TeamViewer.
Change system MAC address.
Install TeamViewer.


Changing hostname causes unity to doesn't startup

Fix it with, after a lot of digging and other things that I'm not sure if affected anything:

dconf reset -f /org/compiz/
unity-tweak-tool --reset-unity

Have no idea about what happened.


How do I get python2.7 back to the command "python"?

sudo rm /usr/local/bin/python

Did the trick.


Windows Boot Manager complains after I deleted Remix OS from Ubuntu/Windows/Remix triple boot

I made one of my usb drives windows install disk (with windows media creation tool), booted up, installed, BUT i didn't install it on top of my windows, ubuntu and remix os, i deleted ALL partitions and let the windows roll. Later i reinistalled ubuntu, but left the remix os business.


Will the graphics tablets Genius EasyPen i405 and Genius Easy Pen i405x work on Ubuntu 14.04?

Ok, I have bought a Genius EasyPen i405x and it works! I am pretty sure i405 should also work because on the forums it seems that more people have problems with i405x compatibility with Ubuntu than i405.


Using humanity system icons for created application

disclaimer: I am not a lawyer

An excerpt from /usr/share/doc/humanity-icon-theme/copyright:

License:

The Humanity Icon Theme is licensed under the GPL v2.

Parts of the work are based on the Tango icons, which are released under the
public domain.

So, the work uses the GPL version 2 license. AFAIK, this means that you can use it freely providing you've put a note in your program that you're using the Humanity Icon Theme which use the GPLv2 license.


How to install and use angularjs on ubuntu18.04?

You can start with installing corresponding package (see search results on packages.ubuntu.com):

sudo apt install libjs-angularjs

This package:

  lets you write client-side web applications as if you had a smarter browser


Is it possible to encrypt ubuntu 12.04 filesytem without erasing Data

The thing is, TrueCrypt currently supports the following operating systems:

  Windows 7  (32-bit and 64-bit)

  Windows Vista

  Windows Vista x64 (64-bit) Edition

  Windows XP

  Windows XP x64 (64-bit) Edition

  Windows Server 2008 R2 (64-bit)

  Windows Server 2008

  Windows Server 2008 x64 (64-bit)

  Windows Server 2003

  Windows Server 2003 x64 (64-bit)

  Windows 2000 SP4

  Mac OS X 10.7 Lion  (64-bit and 32-bit)

  Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard  (32-bit)

  Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard

  Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger

  Linux (32-bit and 64-bit versions, kernel 2.6 or compatible)

But TrueCrypt can currently encrypt the following operating systems:

  Windows 7  (32-bit and 64-bit)

  Windows Vista (SP1 or later)

  Windows Vista x64 (64-bit) Edition (SP1 or later)

  Windows XP

  Windows XP x64 (64-bit) Edition

  Windows Server 2008 R2 (64-bit)

  Windows Server 2008

  Windows Server 2008 x64 (64-bit)

  Windows Server 2003

  Windows Server 2003 x64 (64-bit)

So it can read a volume that was encrypted under Windows in Linux, but it cannot encrypt a volume that has a Linux File System.

Your solution, as Web-E suggested, is to follow these instructions.

But beware, this will encrypt a single user; if you wish to encrypt several users, you need to repeat the how-to for each one. And follow carefully the instructions, or you will be unable to log in with encrypted folders if your wallpaper is in an encrypted area.


What is Ubuntu's automatic UID generation behavior?

See /etc/adduser.conf:

# FIRST_SYSTEM_[GU]ID to LAST_SYSTEM_[GU]ID inclusive is the range for UIDs
# for dynamically allocated administrative and system accounts/groups.
# Please note that system software, such as the users allocated by the base-passwd
# package, may assume that UIDs less than 100 are unallocated.
FIRST_SYSTEM_UID=100
LAST_SYSTEM_UID=999

FIRST_SYSTEM_GID=100
LAST_SYSTEM_GID=999

# FIRST_[GU]ID to LAST_[GU]ID inclusive is the range of UIDs of dynamically
# allocated user accounts/groups.
FIRST_UID=1000
LAST_UID=29999

FIRST_GID=1000
LAST_GID=29999

And, reading the Perl script at $(type -p adduser) or /usr/sbin/adduser, we find this function:

 sub first_avail_uid {
    my ($min, $max) = @_;
    printf (gtx("Selecting UID from range %d to %d ...\n"),$min,$max) if ($verbose > 1);

    my $t = $min;
    while ($t <= $max) {
       return $t if (!defined(getpwuid($t)));
       $t++;
    }
    return -1; # nothing available
}

What this means is: adduser picks the first free UID between 1000 and 29999, or fails.

Exact answer: 1002, It will pick a free one.

There IS a maximum UID, 4294967295, because UIDs are 32 bit fields, but adduser uses a lower limit.

However, there is also /usr/sbin/useradd BEWARE adduser and useradd are easily mistaken/mistyped for each other.

man useradd tells me:

DESCRIPTION
   useradd is a low level utility for adding users. On Debian,
    administrators should usually use adduser(8) instead.

...

   -u, --uid UID
       The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique,
       unless the -o option is used. The value must be non-negative. The
       default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
       UID_MIN and greater than every other user.

       See also the -r option and the UID_MAX description.

...

CONFIGURATION
   The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the
   behavior of this tool:

...

   SYS_UID_MAX (number), SYS_UID_MIN (number)
       Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by useradd
       or newusers.

       The default value for SYS_UID_MIN (resp.  SYS_UID_MAX) is 101
       (resp.  UID_MIN-1).

   UID_MAX (number), UID_MIN (number)
       Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by useradd
       or newusers.

       The default value for UID_MIN (resp.  UID_MAX) is 1000 (resp.
       60000).

One reason that I use adduser, rather than useradd is the --encrypt-home option to adduser. Either one, however, could be replaced by editing a bunch of files, copying others, creating directories, etc using any UID one picks (Why, in the old days, I ...). There is nothing magic about adduser or useradd.


How to add Rhythmbox controls to sound menu in Gnome-Shell?

In gnome-shell it is only available thru an extension. like all extensions whether they work for you would depend on what version of gnome-shell you have & is the extension compatible (or can you make it compatible

So search for extensions...

Ex. this one works fine in 13.10, may not in 12.04 (though it's appears to only be active when player is 'active', ie. it can't be used to start player

https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/55/media-player-indicator/


just use, this command if you face a similar issue,

sudo apt-get install gvfs-backends;


capturing video from webcam and saving to a file

Cheese webcam studio can record Video and take photo's with effects.

As for cli recording, see if this will work

streamer -q -c /dev/video0 -f rgb24 -r 3 -t 00:30:00 -o ~/outfile.avi

ffmpeg -f oss -i /dev/dsp -f video4linux2 -s 320x240 -i /dev/video0 out.mpg

Source:

[ubuntu] how to record the webcam with command line? [Archive]  - Ubuntu Forums
webcam & microphone command line fun ....


How do I report spam on ubuntu websites like paste.ubuntu.com

I would suggest to mail rt@ubuntu.com (rt@ is the alias for their internal ticket handler (Request Tracker)).

Source: Can I get an @ubuntu.com email address for the Ubuntu-related event I'm organising?


How get LCD-3.5 touch screen working on PI 4b? Ubuntu 20.04 server

This githib page details an extremely easy method to use
https://github.com/victorbrca/waveshare35-rpi3b-ubuntu-20.04-64


Most suitable permissions for mounted internal disk shared with Windows?

Although its not exactly what I asked for in the question, I at least seem to have the correct file permissions by using dmask=027,fmask=137 as per:

  ntfs/vfat = permissions are set at the time of mounting the partition with umask, dmask, and fmask and can not be changed with commands such as chown or chmod.
  I advise dmask=027,fmask=137 (if you use umask=000 all your files will be executable). More permissive options would be dmask=000,fmask=111.
  (from the fstab community page)

Now my directory permissions look like:

drwxr-x---  1 kim  kim  4.0K Feb 10 13:26 Data/

and the files look like:

-rw-r----- 2 kim kim  13K Apr 25  2010 THE BEST OF THE BEST.doc

(and the colours are all correct when using -ls).

Also: no, I don't need videos to be executable.. (right?) but directories should be (?).

If anyone else has better dmask,fmask or umask settings please let me know!


How do I send text messages to the notification bubbles?

We can always call notify-send as a subprocess, e.g like that:
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import subprocess

def sendmessage(message):
    subprocess.Popen(['notify-send', message])
    return

Alternatively we could also install python-notify2 or python3-notify2 and call the notification through that:
import notify2

def sendmessage(title, message):
    notify2.init("Test")
    notice = notify2.Notification(title, message)
    notice.show()
    return


Ubuntu Touch OTA-10 apps stop when not in forground?

This is due to the application life-cycle on Ubuntu touch.

Only the currently focused app is allowed to be running and is entitled to use up as much of the system resources as it wishes. All unfocused apps get suspended and could potentially be killed when memory pressure get's too high.

tvoss wrote a detailed blog post on the life-cycle here and it also links to some more in depth documentation on the if's and why's


phpMyAdmin is not working in ubuntu 20.04 with php5.6

The issue - ubuntu 20.04 uses mysql v8 with uses caching_sha2_password. Everything works fine php7.4. But when you use php5.6 you get two errors

Server sent charset unknown to the client
The server requested authentication method unknown to the client

To fix this issue we need to add below code to the /etc/mysql/my.cnf
[client]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
character-set-server = utf8
default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password

You also need to update the user authentication method by the following code in mysql
alter user 'username'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by 'password';


Remove the extension.

In your php.ini file you probably still have this (manually added) line:

extension=mongodb.so

And you need to remove the mod from php with something like ...

phpdismod mongodb


Need to install VMware vSphere on My Ubuntu 16.04

Yes. We need to install VMPlayer on ubunutu Desktop. Then we are going to install VMware ESxi on top of it.

VMware ESxi Server Installation Guide


Ubuntu 18.04 Xampp Desktop Icon gives error dialogue - There was an error launching the application

OK Sorted it - code below solves problem :-

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Comment=Start or Stop XAMPP
Exec=sh -c "pkexec env DISPLAY=$DISPLAY XAUTHORITY=$XAUTHORITY sudo /opt/lampp/manager-linux-x64.run"
Encoding=UTF-8
Terminal=false
Name[en_US]=XAMPP Control Panel
Comment[en_US]=Start or Stop XAMPP
Type=Application
Icon=/opt/lampp/htdocs/favicon.ico

Still have small problem, when Xampp opens an icon appears in the vertical favourites bar on the left, but instead of the Xampp icon it displays a standard 'package' icon (a red circle with a red diagonal, like a no entry sign).  I will post as a separate question but keep researching and experimenting myself.


Regarding Ubuntu installation on Windows 7 64-bit

Yes. It is completely possible. I am using both OS parallelly and I am not having any problem at all. My PC configuration is slightly better though. But I doubt it has anything to do with dual boot. Your laptop will run one OS at a time (so, chill). The only thing matters is, do you have enough hard disk space?
Now, due to the new partition you create to install Ubuntu, no stored data should be lost. The space you allocate to Ubuntu, will simply come from the free spaces available in HDD. No existing data will be touched. I also have installed Ubuntu 12.04 on Win7 and after nearly a year now, it is still running smoothly and I haven't got any data missing.

Personal opinion: Keeping in mind the future, allocate some good amount of space (like 100GB at least) in you Ubuntu.


I often see this kind of problems when the configuration of a program does not match the version installed. In this case you must clear the old configuration or regenerate it someway.

As you know, gnome-terminal stores its configuration using GSettings (that by default uses the dconf backend), resulting in data stored into the $HOME/.config/dconf/user binary file. If you do not mind losing all your GNOME settings (ALL of them), I would try to rename it using your root account (it is not sane to rename a file while using it, so you should not touch it while logged in as the problematic user). The problem could also be triggered by other temporary files though, stored e.g. into $HOME/.local or $HOME/.cache.

It would help a lot to have some debugging info. You can run the following command in another terminal (e.g. xterm) just to see what happens:

G_MESSAGES_DEBUG=all gnome-terminal


No EFI System Partition option for Ubuntu 18.10

The EFI System Partition (ESP)

The requirements for the ESP partition are:

It must be a primary partition (relevant only for MBR based partition table)
It must be a FAT32 partition
The boot flag must be set

Ubuntu 18.10 Installation Something Else option

Before we get to the Something else option and manual partition of the hard drive, we have to make sure the Live USB/DVD or the ISO (in case of virtual machines) boot in the UEFI mode and not the legacy BIOS mode. I will describe both below:

Live USB/DVD/ISO in BIOS Legacy Mode

The first clue that the computer booted in BIOS Legacy mode is from the Live USB/DVD/ISO boot screen. If you see:

Then you have booted in BIOS mode!

In this mode, the installer does not show an option to create an ESP partition. There is no ESP option because in this mode one does not need an ESP partition.

If you get this, cancel the installation and figure out how to boot from the Live USB/DVD/ISO in the UEFI mode. (More on this for virtual machines later in the answer.)

Live USB/DVD/ISO in UEFI Mode

When you boot the Live USB/DVD/ISO using the UEFI mode you will see:

As you see below in this mode, the installer will show an option to create an ESP partition:

Note: It may say EFI Boot Partiion in some version of Ubuntu instead of  EFI System Partiion as it shows in the image below.

Once you select the right partition type you will see:

After you click the OK button above you will get:

Select UEFI boot in VMWare workstation

When you create the new VM and before you try to install Ubuntu, On VMware Workstation, go into VM > Settings > Options > Advanced, and check Boot with EFI instead of BIOS.

Select UEFI boot in QEMU Virtual Machine Manager

I assume you have qemu virtual machine already setup in an Ubuntu host machine.
You need to install the virtual firmware for UEFI, ovmf in the host:

sudo apt install qemu ovmf

The next step must be done when you create a new virtual machine. Once the VM is created the boot option cannot be changed from BIOS to UEFI or vice versa. Check the box Customize configuration before install in Step 5:

In the Overview tab change the 'Firmware' field from BIOS to select the 'UEFI x86_64' option.

Then continue with the installation by clicking the green check mark at the top right ✅ Begin Installation

Customize configuration before install

Hope this helps


Ethernet not working in HP Laptop Ubuntu 18.04

It was solved. I think when I updating the driver, it was worked and allready ready to use.
Then, about my problem, its about my IP is binded with my ex laptop's mac address. So, its not about the driver or HW problem. But its about my IP and local configurations. It was solved by internal sys admin at my office. Thanks :)


The thing is you want to access your PC remotely? Well you can try Team Viewer though. I use this app frequently to remote Ubuntu and Mac from another PC.

It has various support to remote Linux, Windows, Mac. It even enable you to remote from Android.

Sorry, maybe I don't answer your question. It just I give you another option if you want to remote your PC :)


Opening files through the Unity shortcuts page tries to open with Vinagre instead of Nautilus

Please look at this files and folders:

/usr/share/applications/defaults.list
/usr/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache
~/.local/share/applications/
~/.gnome/share/apps/

Search for "vinagre" and for "Nautilus" inside theses files and make sure you have the right associations.


Swap partition showing unknown. Can I format it to ntfs or ext4 for keeping my files or this will cause problems to system? I don't need swap space

If you don't want swap anymore then swapoff the swap partition through gparted and then format it to ext4 or ntfs(whatever you want) for storing your datas.

For mine, the output of the free command is,

          total           used       free
Swap:     10501116          0      10501116

Which means, the total size of my swap partition is 10 GB, from that 0 space was used.


I reached out to the Radeon Linux driver maintainers and they indicated that this patch improves Radeon RX 5700XT performance: 46203a508f64b4bfa150a9d25eab1dc891e7e650

This change only appears in 5.5 kernels. I can confirm that kernel 5.5rc7 (latest on https://kernel.ubuntu.com/ at time of writing) can improve OpenCL performance by more than 10x.

Ubuntu 18.04.3 doesn't include kernel 5.5 yet, so to get this improvement, you'll need to install it yourself. Go to the Ubuntu kernel page, choose the 5.5 kernel version you want, find your architecture, choose low-latency or generic, and download linux-headers-..._all.deb, linux-headers-..._<arch>.deb, linux-image-..._<arch>.deb, linux-modules-..._<arch>.deb

Run:

sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-..._all.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-..._<arch>.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux-image-..._<arch>.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux-modules-..._<arch>.deb

Reboot to use the new kernel.


Ubuntu system shortcut remains after disabling

What finally worked is based on this response :  Disable all keyboard shortcuts except for Alt+Tab in program

Install Compiz
Go to Advanced Search > Search in ... (check "Setting Value")
Type <Control><Alt> in the filter field
Remove all occurrences of undesired shortcut by editing the fields (make it empty)


How to replace/fix a messed up /bin/sh and /bin/dash

In all remotely recent versions of Ubuntu, /bin/sh is just a symbolic link to /bin/dash. So make sure that whatever is currently called /bin/sh is backed up somewhere if it's important, then delete it and make a new link.

To remove whatever is currently /bin/sh and restore /bin/sh to what it's supposed to be, run these commands:

cd /bin
sudo rm sh
sudo ln -s dash sh


How to enable 2 finger touchpad pinch to zoom gesture (not ctrl+/-) Ubuntu 19.10?

remove the libinput drivers and install the old synaptic drivers

install: xserver-xorg-input-synaptics and xserver-xorg-input-evdev

remove: xserver-xorg-input-libinput


Try this PPA: https://launchpad.net/~paulo-miguel-dias/+archive/ubuntu/mesa
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade
$ sudo reboot


UEFI: Installing Ubuntu along with Windows 10

I solved the problem by installing Ubuntu with the automatic option to install it alongside Windows. After following the steps provided with Acer Aspire E15 will not dual boot and setting the grub loader as first boot devices I was able to switch between the operating systems. Sadly it did not leave me with the option to install Ubuntu on the partitions I want and I have it running un my HDD only


Post install boot gets /dev/disk/by-uuid/... does no exist

So I finally figured out what this was. The there was a "large" drive on the system that the Windows OS had "lost track of" - i.e. couldn't access - but Windows still booted fine - i.e. it wasn't the boot device.

However, Ubuntu seemed to recognize that the device was there and just insisted that it if couldn't talk to it then it wasn't going to boot.

So the answer was to simply unplug the SATA cable that connected it to the motherboard and, hey presto! Ubuntu couldn't see the drive at all and seems to boot just fine.

If I was calling the shots I'd call this a bug - at least it is unexpected behavior. Flag an error in big letters? Fine. Fail to boot? Not cool.


How to set two runing internet connections at same time?

See my answer to To allocate data usage efficiently with two internet connections. You want to set up a route to your IPTV IP addresses via the wired connection.


Just installed Ubuntu Gnome 15.10 and my network doesn't seem to connect

This is a familiar error, in fact it happens so often that it might be seen as a bug.

Edit the file /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf and change "managed=false" to "managed=true". Then do sudo service NetworkManager restart. After a while, your network connections will be OK.


How do I install drivers for a Netgear WNDA3100v2?

Plug in and from the command line run:

iwconfig

You may need to reboot before the hardware can be identified by Ubuntu.

It should show up as wlan0 if you have no other wifi adapter installed.

Netgear is typically supported in Ubuntu without the need for third party drivers.

To check your adapter performance, install wavemon:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wavemon

To run wavemon

wavemon

Their are other ways to monitor your signal strength but this one gives you and nice graphic display from the Terminal.


You need to get access to the underlying environment through Juju.  The following Q/A gives the details on how to do this:

How can I see what Openstack services have been deployed to which servers once Openstack Autopilot has completed successfully?


Please see:

Cell 01 - Address: A0:91:69:C1:4B:47
                    Channel:11
                    Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)
                    Quality=70/70  Signal level=-36 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"Fox Goddess"
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
                              24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s
                    Mode:Master
                    Extra:tsf=00000000be9a8daa
                    Extra: Last beacon: 60ms ago
                    <snip>
                    IE: WPA Version 1
                        Group Cipher : TKIP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK

Your driver and old Chili hate hate hate TKIP.

First, check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit.

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Next, I'd set IPv6 to Ignore in Network Manager: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/18/html/Installation_Guide/images/netconfig/network-connections-ipv6-ignore.png This example is for ethernet, but you want wireless.

Any improvement?


Why does aptitude give me intel-microcode upgrades when I have an AMD processor?

Because it is a dependency of the kernel.
I checked running the command below:

$ apt depends linux-image-generic
linux-image-generic
Depends: linux-image-4.15.0-50-generic
Depends: linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-50-generic
Depends: linux-firmware
Depends: intel-microcode
Depends: amd64-microcode.
Recommends: thermald

There should be no harm, they won't load to the wrong cpu.


I think the problem is caused by an error in some of the drive config files. Remember those IDE drives that would screw up if the jumper was in the wrong place? You'd get a similar error. I think it's similar, but with a file in the drive itself.

I know you really don't want to restore the MBR, but I believe that's your best bet. You don't need to make another live CD to get the boot-repair, just use your existing one and restore the MBR from there.

Here's the page with instructions


Why I Can't swap the windows on Window List at gnome panel after upgrading?

This appears to be a bug in the panel: Bug 697358

You can subscribe to the bug and marks it as "Affects Me" to follow along progress of the issue. Here's a work around:

  A temporary fix that works for me is to right-click the panel and click Properties, then select and deselect "Show hide buttons". " Thank you for your response.


How to directly edit my Ubuntu server files from my desktop Ubuntu

You can mount your Ubuntu server files to your local Ubuntu installation, and then edit those files with Sublime as if they were local.

The following assumes that you can SSH access to the Ubuntu server.

sudo apt-get install sshfs

This will install the sshfs package.

cd
mkdir ServerFiles/
sshfs myServerUsername@example.com:/home/myServerUsername/ ServerFiles/

Here you create an empty directory in your home folder and the sshfs command will connect it to your server's home directory.

You can now visit the ServerFiles/ directory with Sublime (or any other program) and you have direct access to your server files, locally!

To disconnect when you finish,

cd
fusermount -u MYSERVERMOUNT/


Open a terminal like this... While holding down Ctrl and Alt keys, press t. A window will open. That's your terminal. In the terminal type gedit and press enter. A second window will open. Copy the script above into that second window and click the save button. Type the name "startup" in the Name: field and click the save button. Close that window. In your first window, the terminal, type chmod 755 startup and press enter. Now type ./startup and press enter. Your script will run.


Turns out, I made a mistake while formatting the drive I was storing the image on. I accidentally formatted it as FAT32, which incurs a 4GB file size limit for the setting I selected. Oops!

After reformatting as EXT4, the size limit is nolonger in place, and I've successfully recovered about 5% so far!


What is the difference between OpenVPN via terminal and via network manager?

Surely config.conf has the certificate inside it? OpenVPN config files I have used in the past all contain the relevant certificate.


Yes you can. But it all depends on your Hardware, (for example Touchpad drivers or other things may still be buggy, and you need to search a little for solutions)

That kind of computer do you have for example  HP envy 12345
Do you want to have still your Windows booting, or do you want to remove Windows completly.


Adding DNS' to Ubuntu without editing `etc/resolv.conf`

Manually add those name servers in your /etc/network/interfaces file by inserting the line dns-nameservers a.b.d.c e.f.g.h underneath the interface(s) you are using (usually either eth0 or wlan0)


How can I set a launcher to start an application in a specific desktop

In Kubuntu, you can change your Activity and have a different one for each desktop. If you  use folder view then you can have a  different folder for each desktop and in that folder you could make a link that would only be visible for that folder view. It can be really confusing for most people, but  I've done it with a different wallpaper and a different folder view on for four different desktops.

Here's how I would do it: Right click on the Desktop, choose Activities. Click on the Desktop in the ribbon at the bottom and choose new activity. You choose folder view and set the location as a different folder from in your home directory. You could create folders like Desktop1, Desktop2, etc. Then drag whatever files or applications that you want to the desktop and choose Link Here.


Is "export" only useful for temporary effects?

The export (or declare -x) declaration makes the difference between a plain shell variable and an environment variable.

Since PATH is almost certainly already part of your environment - having been set in /etc/environment for example - marking it for export a second time isn't strictly necessary[1] (although it does no harm - and make the intent clear).

1 at least I think that's the case - I'd like to find a primary reference


How to delete public shared link of Ubuntu One?

Open Ubuntu One and go to Share links tab. If you have something shared, a list with shared files will appear. Double click on the file that you want to remove from this shared list and you will see in the right side of the window a button named Disable link. Use it and after press 'Back to file list' link. Nothing will be deleted from your sync folders.


I discovered the real problem. It was AMD Catalyst. I have removed it since I have no need for 3d graphics on my system. There is another solution however it is found here.

http://www.upubuntu.com/2012/06/install-amd-ati-catalyst-126-display.htmlenter link description here

I tried this but I ended up with a watermark saying unsupported hardware. I was unable to remove it so instead I removed catalyst completely.

To fix the resolution problem I simply edited my xorg.conf file and added the right resolution for my monitors. Have not had it freeze since doing this.


How can I get the `bcmath` plugin in php5 in Ubuntu?

If you use Ondřej Surý's PHP PPA you can install bcmath with either

sudo apt install php5.6-bcmath
sudo apt install php7.0-bcmath
sudo apt install php-bcmath

There are instructions on the PPA page on how to add this source to Ubuntu.


How to make Alt + Click work with Gnome panel in 12.04?

I found a solution to the problem, see: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-panel/+bug/891622

We need to run the following command in terminal:

gconftool-2 --set --type string /apps/metacity/general/mouse_button_modifier '<Super>'


Unity launcher made with Alacarte iconless

What goes wrong
I tried to create a launcher with Alacarte, with the same result. It turns out that when Alacarte creates a new launcher, it does not handle the icon's file extension correctly on custom icons. In the Icon= line of the launcher; it simply leaves out the extension.
How you can fix it
In your home directory, there is a folder ~/.local/share/applications (.local is invisible by default, press Ctrl + H to make it visible). That is the location where your launcher (file) is created.

Open the folder
Look for a file named alacarte-made.desktop (if you created more than one, they will be numbered)
Open gedit, drag the file alacarte-made.desktop on to the open gedit window to open it.
Look for the line, starting with Icon=, replace the section after Icon= with the path to your icon, including the .png extension.

Note
You might have to log out and back in to see the result.


LibreOffice PPA version has incompabilities with Unity, how to solve them?

You can install Libreoffice in a simple way.

First remove the package.

sudo apt-get purge libre-office*

Download the latest libreoffice main installer.
Untar and select all the packages with CTRL+A.

Open a terminal and type

sudo dpkg -i

Drag and drop all selected packages from file browser to the terminal and press enter.

It will prompt you for your password and start installing the latest libreoffice.


Parameter must be an array and Internet Server 500 error

This were my settings:

Ubuntu 18.04
PHP 7.2
PMA 4.4.6

The reason why i was getting all those errors were becase phpMyAdmin is not compitable with the latest version of PHP/MySQL hence an update was needed. So I went back to the terminal and got the latest version of PMA (4.8). It's up and running without any problems.


How to copy or export/import LXDE custom color schemes (set via LXAppearance) to another Ubuntu inistance

The settings for Lubuntu colors when you change them by going to Customize Look & Feel -> Colors are stored in the file below (hover over the empty line)

~/.config/lxsession/Lubuntu/desktop.conf

So, to restore the settings, you need to copy the file in ~/.config/lxsession/Lubuntu/desktop.conf to other computer with same name.

Note: If you're using other LXDE session, you might find the file in ~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/desktop.conf


Ubuntu Core 18 on Raspberry Pi 2 model B

It appears your download of the image may have been corrupted perhaps.  We can try an alternate method of ensuring the image is successfully downloaded.  There is a download tool in the archive called aria2 that you can install.  The advantage over wget is that it will not just download the file for you but also compare its checksum to verify if anything is lost in transmission.

At the Ubuntu Core installation instructions for a Raspberry Pi 2, we find a link to the image as well as a link to the SHA256 checksum.  You'll want to pick from the list the checksum that corresponds to the image file being downloaded.  Assuming you've installed aria2 as suggested above you can use those pieces of information to download the image.

An example of invoking aria2 would look like:

aria2c --checksum=sha-256=9e370188c663afcdbcb62d30b1964ac838c7ecffc53eac360ed840b5c20abf12 http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-core/18/stable/current/ubuntu-core-18-armhf+raspi2.img.xz

As part of the program output when the download completes you should see included the following text:

Verification finished successfully.

That will indicate you receive the file without any corruption in the download process.  If you don't get that response you need to see if you are having problems with your connection to the Internet perhaps.  While such problems can be rare they do occur from time to time.

If you don't want to use that particular download tool, you can run on the command line the following:

sha256sum ubuntu-core-18-armhf+raspi2.img.xz

It should provide the following output that you would compare against what was posted on the site linked above:

9e370188c663afcdbcb62d30b1964ac838c7ecffc53eac360ed840b5c20abf12  ubuntu-core-18-armhf+raspi2.img.xz

Good luck in trying to download again.


Sound Blaster Live! CT4850 doesn't work, driver installation?

Sometimes in order for drivers to take effect, you may need to restart the machine; or, it can take a few tries of tinkering with restarting the applications before the new hardware gets picked up. Usually, if you have the correct drivers and you restart, the hardware will start working.

If things still do not work, you may have the wrong drivers.


Install Ubuntu on clean disk - on 100GB only

For Ubuntu just follow the steps provided in the community's wiki, as provided by Mikewhatever in the comments.  Choose the "Something Else" option.  Make sure you make a Swap partition.  You only need one Swap partition.  Your other Linux installations can use the same Swap partition.

When you choose something else as the install option. Follow the prompts to make the 100Gig partition you have set aside the root "/" partition.  The partition should be formatted as ext4.  During the install you can checkmark format as one of the options for that partition.

The installation is quiet seamless.  I can't speak for the other distros, but I'm sure you'll see something similar when running their installation process.


Does Rufus save one's data better or different than UNetbootin when reinstalling from USB?

There are basically two alternatives to retrieve the data of your other laptop using a USB boot drive.

Live-only USB boot drive

Run the USB boot drive live (live-only) and retrieve the data of your other laptop into an third drive, for example a USB hard disk drive or SSD.

In this case you can use 'any' tool to create the USB boot drive.

In Ubuntu it is easiest to use the Startup Disk Creator.
In Windows you can use both tools that you suggest in the question, Rufus and Unetbootin. Both are good tools.
In MacOS Unetbootin is a good alternative.

Persistent live USB boot drive

Run the USB boot drive persistent live and retrieve the data of your other laptop into the USB boot drive itself.

In this case I would recommend the methods described at this link, particularly the methods to get a casper-rw partition (and use the whole drive space),

mkusb in Linux with all current versions of Ubuntu iso files
HxD + Win32 Disk Imager in Windows with the Ubuntu 19.10 iso file

If you use a method that creates a casper-rw file, it will be limited to 4 GiB which is the maximum file size in a FAT32 file system.


How to run a previous version of a snap package

List installed versions in your system:

$ snap list intellij-idea-ultimate  --all

Name                    Version   Rev  Tracking       Publisher   Notes
intellij-idea-ultimate  2019.3.4  212  latest/stable  jetbrains✓  disabled,classic
intellij-idea-ultimate  2020.1    216  latest/stable  jetbrains✓  classic

Revert to a previous one:

sudo snap revert intellij-idea-ultimate

Revert to a specific revision:

sudo snap revert intellij-idea-ultimate --revision 212

Source: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPv1V5LR5Q_77AtML-WWJng


ATI Driver version 11.11 and Gnome-shell

I had this problem and I solve it after install the last ATI graphic drivers version 11.12
you can find it in
http://support.amd.com/us/Pages/AMDSupportHub.aspx
select the one you want "my system is Ubuntu 11.10 32 bit and my graphic card is AMD Radeon HD 6400M Series" this is the link if you want it
http://support.amd.com/us/gpudownload/linux/Pages/radeon_linux.aspx
after install it go to "Catalyst control center":->Display Options->tear free. enable it after that apply and ok it should solve your problem.


Wubi doens't work anymore - shows 'No wubildr' error

If Windows can boot normally, then see below

The solution is in the Wubi Megathread,
problem #2 solution #2
If, for some reason, that does not work, try problem #2, solution #1
In the worst case scenario, if solution #1 does not work.You can recover your data from the Wubi install from within Windows.
You can use ext2read to recover any important data from the Ubuntu root.disk.
Then, uninstall Wubi using Add/Remove Programs.Download and do a fresh install of Wubi.
Once it starts for the first time and everything is good, do this,Go to System > Administration > Synaptic Package Manager and select the grub-pc and grub-common packages. Click on Package > Lock Version.
That should stop the problem happening again.


Is the difference between sudo and gksu the same as the difference between sudo -i and sudo -s?

gksu is basically a graphical frontend for sudo that allows graphical command to be run without the need to run an X terminal emulator and using su directly. It's effectively just a GTK+ skin for the superuser commands.

So if you wanted to run a GUI based program as root, you would invoke it with gksu cmd, rather than sudo cmd, which is used for invoking console programs as root.


How to pass arguments from one function to another function in bash scripting?

Try that argument passing this way:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

function one(){
    # Print the result to stdout
    echo "$1"
}

function two() {
    local one=$1
    local two=$2
    # Do arithmetic and assign the result to
    # a variable named result
    result=$((one + two))
    # Pass the result of the arithmetic to
    # the function "one" above and catch it
    # in the variable $1
    one "$result"
}
# Call the function "two"
two 1 3


I think I once solved it with:

$ sudo apt-get update

and

$ sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

and then rebooting.


Auto-switch audio to HDMI when HDMI monitor/receiver plugged into laptop

In Ubuntu 11.10 pulseaudio will  recognize when you plug hdmi (or phone jack) and will make the switch automatically.

See this:

http://voices.canonical.com/david.henningsson/?p=15


issue when installing php-dev in ubuntu 20.04

aptitude output suggests that dependencies can't be met because conflicting packages from a third-party repository are already installed:

libpcre2-dev : Depends: libpcre2-8-0 (= 10.34-7) but 10.35-5+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 is installed

Do you have something about deb.sury.org in your package sources (/etc/apt/sources.list and subdirectories)?
Have you tried apt autoremove? This will remove dependencies of uninstalled package (i.e. automatically installed package that are not required by any installed package).


GUI way to do it:

Go to software center and click installed on the top
Type steam into the search bar (without qoutes and spaces)
Click show technical items on the bottom
Delete all versions of Steam
Reinstall Steam NOT using the command line sudo apt-get install steam

Official steam (at my current date Jan 9 2015) was named steam (steam-launcher)


add-apt-repository and update and install package

Commands are best if they are modular. add-apt-repository is supposed to add a repository, that's it; it shouldn't update and install the package.

If you want a one-liner to do this, it would be best to do it using && operator as follows:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:address && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install <package>

Note that the package will be install only if the previous two commands execute successfully (return 0).

If you want that the commands be executed irrespective of the return status of the previous commands(may be useful when ignorable errors occur- a 404 for some other ppa you have added and no longer exists), you can do this:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:address; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install <package>

Note the ; in place of &&- it is used to delimit two successive commands on the same line.


18.04 dual boot problems with ASUS FX503

I just ended up ditching Ubuntu 18.04 and I am sticking with 17.10 for now.

I ran the installer with nomodeset as a kernel parameter and I was able to install Ubuntu. Once it was installed i reran Ubuntu and followed the normal steps for installing beta drivers and I do not have any display problems at all.


Setting a variables to contain a range of numbers in a bash script

There's couple things you can do:

use range [1-9]
use | to create list of "or" values
use wildcard:

Example:

bash-4.3$ var=25
bash-4.3$ case $var in
> [1-9]) echo "1 to 9";;
> 25|35|45) echo "25 or 25 or 45" ;;
> 5*) echo "starting with 5";;
> esac
25 or 25 or 45

Case is mostly for patterns, so if you want to have arithmetic evaluation, you'd better use if statement with [  although you can do something like [1-5][0-9][0-9]) echo "100 to 599" ;; to see if item is within range 100 to 599 (i.e., var>=100 && var<=599) . See this for more info on arithmetic in bash's case statement.


Figured it out. The problem was that I had added a PPA that was no good. I don't fully understand how they work, but my guess is that it was essentially pointing the apt-get inkscape commands to the wrong place. I went in and deleted this PPA using the following commands:

    cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
    sudo rm inkscape*

After doing that I ran the following commands to uninstall and reinstall inkscape:

    sudo apt-get purge inkscape
    sudo apt-get clean
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install inkscape

Now running the command inkscape in terminal opens Inkscape correctly.


"The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened"

This is old question, but just for archive purpose... the follow was what solve this problem in my case:

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/* -vf
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update


Error in dpkg-configure: Can not find file "symbols/u" in any known directory

Try this, should solve your problem:

sudo apt-get remove keyboard-configuration
sudo apt-get install keyboard-configuration

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade


Ubuntu 12.10. Can't add custom resolution

Ok, this worked for me.

1) Edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

2) In the section "Monitor", change HorizSync and VertRefresh to the correct values (consult your monitor specifications in the user manual). This is important or you will likely get an "signal out of range/sync" error in your monitor (if you make this mistake press ctr+alt+f1 and edit xorg.conf from console).

Section "Monitor"

    Identifier     "Monitor0"
    VendorName     "Unknown"
    ModelName      "CRT-0"
    HorizSync       30.0 - 83.0
    VertRefresh     56.0 - 75.0
    Option         "DPMS"
EndSection

3) In the section "Screen" add this line.

Option "ModeValidation" "AllowNonEdidModes, NoVirtualSizeCheck, NoMaxPClkCheck, NoWidthAlignmentCheck, NoExtendedGpuCapabilitiesCheck"

4) Restart the system.

5) xrandr --addmode still won't work but you will have more resolutions available. Check out my new xrandr output:

Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 8192 x 8192
VGA-0 connected 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm
   1024x768       75.0 +   70.1     60.0
   1920x1200      60.0
   1920x1080      60.0*    59.9
   1792x1344      60.0
   1680x1050      74.9     69.9     60.0     59.9
   1600x1200      65.0     60.0
   1440x900       59.9
   1400x1050      74.8     70.0     60.0
   1360x768       60.0     59.8
   1280x1024      75.0     60.0
   1280x960       60.0
   1152x864       75.0     75.0     70.0     60.0
   960x600       120.0
   960x540       120.0
   840x525       149.9    139.8    120.0    119.8
   832x624        74.6
   800x600        75.0     72.2     60.3     56.2
   720x450       119.8
   700x525       149.5    120.0
   680x384       119.9    119.6
   640x480        75.0     72.8     59.9
   512x384       140.1    120.0
   400x300       144.4
   320x240       145.6    120.1
DVI-I-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DVI-I-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)


Si. Me fallaba el sensor de cierre de la tapa de la pantalla .
 Deshabilite en  el OS que se suspendiera si se cerraba la tapa y ya no tengo problema .


Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS issue with Dell Thunderbolt 3 Dock after update

I am posting to confirm I had this same issue after a kernel update yesterday.
Same symptoms, wouldn't boot with the dock plugged in. Plugging the dock in after laptop boots standalone caused the laptop screen to go black and everything lock up.
Tried with everything disconnected from the dock except power (as I thought the laptop was having issues going to the dual monitors).
Had to roll back from linux-image-4.15.0-44-generic (4.15.0-44.47) to linux-image-4.15.0-43-generic (4.15.0-43.46) and the Dell dock + monitor is working for me now.
Solution
Press ESC on boot (UEFI) or Left Shift if BIOS, then select advanced boot options. I went to older kernel (-43). Confirmed issue wasn't occurring for me on -43, so removed -44.
sudo apt-get purge linux-image-4.15.0-44-generic


How to search or append a word in text file using gedit and terminal commands only

Why use gedit in command line? gedit is mainly for user who prefer GUI rather than terminal.

If you want search or append to file in command line use:

use grep to search text:

grep search_text myFile

use >> to append to file:

echo "append-text" >> file


How can I set up a triple boot with encrypted system partitions and shared /home?

Encryption for both Ubuntu would be easy with ecryptfs (encrypted home folder, on a per user basis). Just make /home a separate partition and mount it in both Ubuntu installations. Name the user the same and give them the same password. Click “encrypt home directory” on installation.

An encryption for both Ubuntu and Windows seems harder. The only thing I can think of is TrueCrypt, but that will probably not work as neatly as ecryptfs.

So I would probably say that you install all operating systems with full disk encryption (dm-crypt/LVM for Linux, TrueCrypt, PGP or Bitlocker for Windows). Then you create a data partition which is encrypted with TrueCrypt. When you log in, mount that data partition.


What is the format and meaning of the output of apt list?

The comma-separated list following the package name after a slash seems to be the names of all suites containing the displayed (installed or candidate) version of the package. The suites from Ubuntu's default repositories are normally VERSION, VERSION-updates, VERSION-security, VERSION-backports and VERSION-proposed, where VERSION is your Ubuntu release codename, e.g. xenial for 16.04 or bionic for 18.04.

Multiple mentions of the same suite seem to indicate that multiple architectures of the same package version are available from that suite (usually 32/64 bit). About your two different machines, could it be that one is 32 bit only and one is 64 bit with 32 bit multi-arch support?

now apparently indicates that you have a local, cached version of the package, corresponding to a line with /var/lib/dpkg/status in the output of apt policy. It is present on all installed packages too.

Example with some random packages:

$ apt list zenity zenity-common zziplib-bin
Listing... Done
zenity/xenial,now 3.18.1.1-1ubuntu2 amd64 [installed,automatic]
zenity-common/xenial,xenial,now 3.18.1.1-1ubuntu2 all [installed,automatic]
zziplib-bin/xenial-updates,xenial-security 0.13.62-3ubuntu0.16.04.2 amd64

$ apt policy zenity zenity-common zziplib-bin
zenity:
  Installed: 3.18.1.1-1ubuntu2
  Candidate: 3.18.1.1-1ubuntu2
  Version table:
 *** 3.18.1.1-1ubuntu2 500
        500 http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
zenity-common:
  Installed: 3.18.1.1-1ubuntu2
  Candidate: 3.18.1.1-1ubuntu2
  Version table:
 *** 3.18.1.1-1ubuntu2 500
        500 http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu xenial/main i386 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
zziplib-bin:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 0.13.62-3ubuntu0.16.04.2
  Version table:
     0.13.62-3ubuntu0.16.04.2 500
        500 http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 Packages
        500 http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 Packages
     0.13.62-3 500
        500 http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 Packages


Do I have to completely reinstall Ubuntu now that it won't boot?

Proceed with extreme caution. Having sufficient backups is encouraged at all times as you are just one step away from having to reinstall your entire system. Also, I don't claim responsibility for any possible disastrous outcomes. Good luck and all the best.

A not so great idea at fixing your problem.

You could try chrooting from a LiveCD of the same architecture and try and fix the broken packages.

Note: chrooting will fail if it is not of the same architecture. For example, you can only use a 64-bit LiveCD if your partition is also 64-bit. Or else, chrooting will fail midway. You can check your architecture with the command uname -m.

Run sudo fdisk -l and take note of the partition where your Ubuntu install is installed.

Create a directory in /mnt for mounting the partition later on:

sudo mkdir /mnt/1

Assuming the file system of the partition is of the type ext4, mount the partition at /mnt/1.

sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sda5 /mnt/1

If you entered a wrong filesystem type, you will get an error similar to this:

$ sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/sda5 /mnt/1
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda10,
       missing codepage or helper program, or other error
       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
       dmesg | tail  or so

If you are not sure of the filesystem, mount the partition in your File manager and then run df -T. Take note of the filesystem type and then unmount and  mount it with the correct filesystem type:

sudo umount /dev/sda5

Now that you have correctly mounted it, chroot it to the previously created directory at /mnt.

sudo chroot /mnt/1

If you get chroot: failed to run command /bin/bash no such file or directory, try copying /bin and /lib to /mnt/1 and try chrooting again.

sudo cp -r /bin /lib /mnt/1

Now that you have chrooted into the system, try fixing the broken package through apt-get update && apt-get upgrade. If there are any unresolved broken or unmet dependencies around, try to clean it up.

How do I resolve unmet dependencies after adding a PPA?

Hopefully, you now managed to resolve and remove any corrupt packages that might have previously stalled your boot process.

Any other extraordinary situations arising at this point of time demands its own question.


What does "Introspection" mean, and how is it related to GObject Introspection?

Introspection is a way of finding out what an object is and what it contains at runtime. In some languages this is more necessary than others. Python which is dynamically typed (that is to say, an object can gain attributes and methods at runtime) uses introspection to find out an object's current status.

Here is a very simplistic Python example where you start with a class and add a new attribute, and, using introspection, monitor what attributes are available on the object instance.

>>> class MyObject:
...   variable = False

>>> instance = MyObject()

>>> dir(instance)
['__doc__', '__module__', 'variable']

>>> instance.newvariable = "Kittens"

>>> dir(instance)
['__doc__', '__module__', 'newvariable', 'variable']

So in dynamic systems you can use things like Python's hasattr to tell if an object will be able to do what you're trying to do with it. Even if you don't use it at runtime, introspection is also extremely useful for debugging.

Now onto GObjects and GObject-based libraries. They're in C and in C you don't get all this lovely fluffy managed code nonsense, you get performance. This means built-in introspection isn't there and that means it's harder to maintain an external binding.

Bindings are an API between things in different languages that allow them to work together. In order for that to work you need a common API and in this case that API is GObject. But for this to work, the caller binding has to know what's available to it. Until GObject Introspection this has had to be hard-coded into the bindings and that means maintaining a hand-written list on each set of bindings.

GObject Introspection essentially provides a scanner that can hunt through the current source of the GObject you're working with and provides you with XML binding information. This is then processed by the bindings and you end up with an API that just works, all the time.

I certainly haven't covered everything here but I'm trying to give you an idea of the two topics (introspection and why GObjects need it). If you want to know more, there's plenty on the Gnome website.

http://blogs.gnome.org/johan/2008/06/01/introduction-to-gobject-introspection/ (Good intro)
https://live.gnome.org/GObjectIntrospection/


Black screen after installing XDM on ubuntu… and I lost all of my settings

So you installed another display manager by accident. The packages of the major display managers in Canonical's repositories come with configuration scripts run post installation that set them as the default display manager.

You can set a different default display manager with

sudo dpkg-reconfigure [package]

where [package] is the name of the display manager package. For the “vanilla” flavour of Ubuntu 17.04 or earlier that is lightdm.

You can also remove the accidentally installed display manager:

sudo apt remove xdm

This should trigger a reconfiguration of the default display manager to whichever is still installed (though I'm not entirely sure about this).


Gimp does not respond when I use Cage Transform tool

Adding PPA don't help for 16.04., cage still don't work with Gimp 2.8.22.
But snap solve this issue with gimp 2.10 here: https://snapcraft.io/gimp


How to Create Start-Up Disk for 12.04 without Ubuntu Software Center (broken) using Dell Inspiron Mini

How to create a startup disk (USB) from Windows 7

Insert your flash drive into the Win 7 computer, and copy the ISO you already have to somewhere on your hard disk (e.g. My Documents). Also copy any backups, etc. on the flash drive because turning it into a startup disk will wipe all existing data off it.

Simply download and run UNetBootin in Windows 7 (note: the link will take you to a direct download).

Point UNetBootin to the ISO you saved (Diskimage:), and to your flash drive letter (type must be "USB Drive". Click OK to create the disk...wait for it to complete, and you're done!


Yes,mount -t cifs denotes an SMB filesystem. For NFS, you would write mount -t nfs.

Why then call it cifs? The original protocol was called SMB, and rebranded by Microsoft as CIFS when it was merged with the LAN Manager product. See https://cifs.com/ for more interesting facts.

You would automatically mount a CIFS share in /etc/fstab as follows (parameters taken from your example):

//192.168.1.88/homes  /mnt/synology      cifs   username=xxx,password=xxx,uid=1000 0    0


smbclient automount via fstab asks for root pwd

It appears that the system is attempting to mount the drive as the root user, rather than the username defined in your credentials file. Make sure that your credentials file has the correct format:

username=your_name
password=your_password

Perhaps you're using user rather than username in the credentials file, which I believe will not work.

The line in your /etc/fstab file appears to be correct, when testing with the same configuration on my machine, everything worked fine.

I have noticed that //XXX.XX.XX.XXX/share is different in your fstab than //XXX.XX.XX.XXX/name in the error message, but am assuming that it's a typo in the question.


A simple script using rsync tool could solve your problem. The script is:

#!/bin/sh
while true
do rsync [source-folder] [destination-machine:folder]
sleep 5
done

If you want a real-time backup then you can just remove sleep 5  or make it as acomment #sleep 5

To make it autostarted with your user, You can make a launcher  then add this launcher to the startup Applications in order to autostart.

Moreover, you can find many other backup tools and other syncronization tools that help you but i just found this script easy to use


I had to click on the speaker icon then settings and make sure the blue-tooth one is highlighted. Then it started working.
Randy


Why does sound start and fades out until it is not heard anymore? How can I fix this?

I sincerely don know what happened...I'm new to linux...I read your answers, booted back to ubuntu instead of Windows and as soon as I got it, I turned the volume up, took the screen shot of alsamixer, and then went ahead and opened Spotify to have the issue happen...but it didn...I'm currently writing this while listening to some music on Spotify...weird...thanks! I'll keep you posted if it happens again or something changes


"Diablo-esque" game that runs on linux (preferably free)

I think the closest games to Diablo are Torchlight 1 (Humble Bundle Store) and its successor Torchlight 2 (Humble Bundle Store or on GoG). In fact, part of the developers of these games, were inside the Diablo development team.


Can't boot Windows or see Windows partitions after Ubuntu installation

It seems that you've override your old partitions with the partitions for ubuntu and swap.
That's why it's strongly recommended to do a backup before to install a new operating system or to do critical changes in your computer.
Now, try your luck with this link: Data Recovery in Ubuntu


Static and crackling sound coming from speakers in 19.04

Asked and answered here.

The solution is to add this to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

options snd-hda-intel power_save=0 power_save_controller=N


The Canonical design team regularly conducts GUI researches and usability tests on different types of people.

Check out their blog for more on what they're up to!


Can I write Ubuntu phone applications in C/C++?

It is entirely possible, QML is the language used to define an interface and how it reacts to certain things, JavaScript is used to extend this slightly, giving you the tools to write some pretty cool things, but to harness the full power or Ubuntu you will NEED to write C++

Here is a helpful link

http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=41078787

I haven't really found any real, usable documentation as yet, remember the touch platform is still rather young.


echo c | sudo tee /proc/sysrq-trigger causes crash and the system doesn't reboot

I did the same command and that cause me a kernel panic. So decide to google it and find some interesting information.

We are causing a kernel test crash when we execute this command

echo c | sudo tee /proc/sysrq-trigger

According to the Ubuntu documentation

  If everything works, there should be some delay (depending on the
  memory size). Then the system reboots again into the normal mode.
  Usually apport kicks in and asks about reporting the issue.
  Alternatively the report file can be found under /var/crash and either
  placed somewhere else or be unpacked again by calling:

#> apport-unpack <report file> <target directory>

It all depends on the memory size. I will search how much time it should take for a computer with 4GB of ram. In my case I reboot the system manually, but it was less than 2 minutes. Hope this helps.


Ubuntu 15.04 & 15.10 - Bluetooth Logitech Ultrathin Touch Mouse t630 - Extream Lag

i have the "same" problems with this mouse.

sometimes it is unusable because if i scroll, it seems to send other commands, like mouse-drag (hold down left mouse button) and ESC keypress. if i then press ESC, it seems to work again for some time until the same behaviour occurs.
sometimes the problems are occuring more often if the mouse-battery get's lower.
but actually it is unusable with 50% of capacity.
it also seems that the mouse isn't correctly recognized by gnome-power-statistics -> i.e. it says Energy: 0,0 Wh and Energy (Design): 0,0 Wh...
Don't know if this has to do with the problems?!


Convention.

$$:  Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it expands to the process ID of the invoking shell, not the subshell (see the link to the manual below).

rinzwind@schijfwereld:~$ echo $$
3244
rinzwind@schijfwereld:~$ ps -ef |grep 3244
rinzwind  3244  3237  0 19:06 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash

Very useful when coding software. And it can be used as a crude (mktemp would be the better method) way of creating temp files

1 $ has no special meaning so it gives you what echo always does: return it.

There is a manual page dedicated to this (3.4.2 Special Parameters).


Dolphin not showing pdf or video previews

To enable previews in both the folder and in files, open Dolphin's settings > Configure Dolphin > General tab > Previews. In there, select "Folders" as well as whichever file type you wish to view previews for.

In the image below, I have Dolphin opened in dual-pane mode.

In the left window, I've boxed the PDFs folder.
In the right window, you can see previews of individual files.
The window on top is Dolphin's settings to enable the previews you want. Both Folders and Postscript, PDF and DVI files are selected.
Note that there are sliders at the bottom of each pane for you to adjust the icon size for optimal viewing.


Intel Core i5-2467M running hot on one core while the other keeps cool

I had the same confusion going on. The sensors command does not print the two core temperatures. The temperatures it showed are #1 the two cpu cores together and #2 the hdd.

I stumbled upon the samsung-tools project. After I installed the package I was able to silent my fan by running

samsung-tools --cpu silent

It's all quiet now. Hope it helps.


Anyone with Compaq G60 Laptop; Blind bios walk-through for a "to VGA" first?

Does it have a function key that switches between internal and external monitor? That's what I did with my netbook before I replaced the screen.


Screen freeze/black screen after installing Nvidia drivers (16.04)

Managed to solve the issue through a complete reinstall of the OS. Some research showed that the current Nvidia drivers have issues with encrypted drives, so I took encryption and Logic Volumes off during the reinstallation.