How to emulate Fn (function key) keypress in xte

It is usually very tricky or near impossible to use xte to simulate fn + f key keypresses, as the fn key itself does not register at all in xev, and very often the fn keys or fn combinations are not seen by the kernel like other normal keyboard keys.

Summary

I actually managed to setup three key combinations (fn + f1, fn + f2 and fn + f3), because pressing each of these combinations resulted in the kernel issuing its 'unknown key pressed...set keycodes' dialogue. This meant that I was able to set the keycodes, and then go to the keyboard shortcuts dialogue and see if a keysym was assigned, e.g. XF86Paste. If so, it was now possible to assign a program to launch from them and it was also now possible to use xte to issue the following command, which was the equivalent of pressing fn + f1 for me:

xte 'keydown XF86Paste' 'keyup XF86Paste'

It may be a pecularity of one of my laptops that I can set three of these fn combinations like normal multimedia keys as shown here, but I'll explain the process anyway for you and the particular steps that I followed.

Full Explanation

You might not be able to set the keys, as usually you cannot, but two or three may be able to be set, as I found out. Press fn and each of the function keys in turn (f1-f12)  while looking at the kernel log:

tail -f /var/log/kern.log

If they are recognised, you will see a kernel scancode:

atkbd serio0: Unknown key pressed (translated set 2, code 0xa7 on isa0060/serio0).
kernel: [22751.972058] atkbd serio0: Use 'setkeycodes e027 <keycode>' to make it known.

Now, for example, you must set these key combinations up with the information given by the kernel- i.e use the kernel scancode and a keycode of your choice (preferably a high number so it doesn't interfere with anything else). See your current keycodes with sudo dumpkeys | grep ^keycode, as noted in this useful Ubuntu wiki article.)

It is clear that because fn is not recognised as a key, but only in combination with another key, the key combination fn + f3, for example, is treated in effect as a single key, and so can be set just like other single multimedia buttons:

sudo setkeycodes e027 135

The above command must be entered separately for each of the key combinations you want to set, and must be placed in /etc/rc.local (without the sudo prefix) if you want them loaded on startup.

Now, you must check if there has been an X keysym associated with your new keycodes by going to keyboard shortcuts and seeing if the key combination, for example fn + F1, can be set. If it can be, a keysym such as XF86Paste will appear and the shortcut can be set to launch any program you wish.

Now all you need to do to test this with xte is to note the keysym (e.g. XF86Paste) you saw in the keyboard shortcuts dialogue for a particular combination (eg. fn + f1), and enter the appropriate command:

xte 'keydown XF86Paste' 'keyup XF86Paste'

This is the equivalent of you pressing and depressing fn + f1.

If you have set a program to launch with the key combination (fn + f...) assocated with the keysym, then the xte event will launch that program and you will know that the setting has worked.

Conclusion

This is a way to set fn + Function key combinations, but it will only be possible for your laptop if the kernel recognises at least one of the combinations as an unknown, but settable key. Only fn +f1, fn +f2, and fn + f3 were settable for me, but it will differ for your computer. If you want to experiment with modifying the actions of your 'sleep' fn + function key button, see this Ubuntu wiki article, but it may not be completely up to date.


You're referencing a $name variable which doesn't exists within your script's scope, the number you want to use to build the filename is stored in the $i variable:

for i in {1..10}; do shutter -d 1 -f -o ${i}.png -e; done

Notice that I've enclosed the reference to $i between brackets, this is safer when concatenating strings.

To move all the screenshots taken to ~/Desktop/School you can run this command:

mv *.png ~/Desktop/School

And to make this second command execute automatically upon success of the first one, you can chain it to the first one using the && operator:

for i in {1..10}; do shutter -d 1 -f -o ${i}.png -e; done && mv *.png ~/Desktop/School


Cannot install Eclipse in Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit

I suggest you use following commands after press Ctrl+Alt+T(for execute Terminal).

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
$ sudo apt-get install eclipse-platform

I think that your Trusty distro have some issues related with software repositories and you can solve them via above commands.


Trying to install firefox 45.x on ubuntu 14.04 amd64 docker container

Alex Dunn helped me, you can install Firefox 28 or 50.x with apt-get, so downloading it needs some dependencies, here's the Docker file:

RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get purge firefox
RUN apt-cache showpkg firefox
RUN apt-get install -y wget libfreetype6 libfontconfig1 libxrender1 libXext6 libXdamage1 libXfixes-dev libXcomposite-dev libasound-dev libdbus-glib-1-dev libgtk2.0-0 libxt6 python-pip
RUN pip install selenium==2.48.0 robotframework==3.0 requests robotframework-requests robotframework-selenium2library==1.8.0 pymysql robotframework-databaselibrary robotframework-excellibrary
RUN pip install requests --upgrade
RUN wget https://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/45.0/linux-x86_64/en-US/firefox-45.0.tar.bz2
RUN tar -xjf firefox-45.0.tar.bz2
RUN mv firefox /opt/firefox45
RUN ln -s /opt/firefox45/firefox /usr/bin/firefox
RUN ls /opt/firefox45
RUN firefox --version


I'll just make a different answer for this one. It's the same principle as the live-cd, but probably a little different than you did.

Enter the LiveCD, mount your drive, note its mountpoint. Then, open a terminal:

sudo mount --bind /dev /[mountpoint]/dev
sudo chroot [mountpoint]
mount -t sysfs none /sys
mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t devpts none /dev/pts
update-grub
umount /sys
umount /proc
umount /dev/pts
exit
umount /[mountpoint]/dev
reboot

if update-grub doesn't work (which it should) then grub-install /dev/sdaX surely will. I'm assuming you also know the partition it's installed on? If not you can check the Gparted on the LiveCD to be sure.


Btrfs subvolume @home not mounted kernel upgrade 3.17

Such behaviour is caused by a kernel bug introduced in 3.17-rc3, fixed in 3.17-rc6
(Revert "Btrfs: device_list_add() should not update list when mounted")


Why is quickly ignoring the setup.py file in my project directory?

Quickly is building the package just fine, it's simply that you haven't specified the package descriptions (the short one and the long one) for your app.

Try the following:

Uncomment the description and long_description lines in setup.py
Add the description for your app
Re-run the quickly package command

That should sort it out.


Rotated backups with snapshot on Ubuntu with email notifications

cron emails you the results of the jobs it runs, if they have any output, so if you run rsnapshot as a cron job and have installed a mail server ( such as postfix ), then you will get any output.


I have the X6550. You might have good luck also using getlibs. (It has always operated "magically" well for me.) If getlibs is available in the 10.04 repos, you can install it like so:

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

If not, download getlibs from http://frozenfox.freehostia.com/cappy/getlibs-all.deb or search for an alternate location and then install the DEB package:

sudo dpkg -i getlibs-all.deb

Then you run it...

sudo getlibs program_name

It finds, downloads, and installs all of the 32-bit libs needed for applications.
You can also do it for libraries...

sudo getlibs -l libxxx-yyy.so.1

Success?


Here is the right way to get gnome-tweak-tool (advanced settings) to work therefore shell themes and extensions to work WITHOUT breaking your gnome shell

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ricotz/testing
sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions-common
sudo ppa-purge ppa:ricotz/testing
(type N and press enter at the end of the process)

Restart the shell (Alt F2 >> r >> enter)


What does the grey slice in disk usage represent?

By default ext2, ext3 and ext4 reserve 5% of all space for the root user and to prevent fragmentation (see this mailing list). However as this particular disk is used for archiving data that doesn't change much, I have taken the liberty to change this percentage to 1%, using the command:

sudo tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sdb

the last item /dev/sdb reflecting the location of my disk. Behold:


In newer Ubuntu versions conf.d directory was replaced by conf-available and conf-enabled.

First, make sure security.conf is enabled:

sudo a2enconf security

Then edit /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/security.conf and change ServerTokens OS to ServerTokens Prod.


Ubuntu 16.04

I have also been trying to figure out how to stop the lock screen from dimming. I can not seem to find anything associated with the screen dimming when going to the lock screen that I can edit/tweak.

I tried all the usual suggestions of

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver idle-activation-enabled false

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session idle-delay 0

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power idle-dim false

but none of them worked.

**** WORKAROUND ****

However invoking an activity once the dimming starts seems to then follow what ever settings you have enabled in the system settings > Brightness & Lock > settings.

The way you can stop it is by locking the screen then typing a few random characters into the password prompt. It will now no longer dim.

It's not a perfect solution by a long shot as the user has to invoke the lock screen manually to get it to work but it may help.


DNS problem trying to ping or send email using smtp-mail.outlook.com after upgrade to 17.10

I'm having the same problem, using systemd-resolved. LP bug reported: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/systemd/+bug/1728560

A workaround is to look up an IP address for it from the command line using "host", then add it to your /etc/hosts file:

host smtp-mail.outlook.com
[choose IP_ADDRESS for the command below from one reported here]
sudo /bin/bash -c 'echo "IP_ADDRESS smtp-mail.outlook.com" >> /etc/hosts'


How do I download a folder in ftp mode from the terminal?

For this action I use lftp.

sudo apt-get install lftp

Make ftp connection

lftp -u username server_ip_address

You will be asked for password.
After login to server you can ls or dir to see folder/files

To get folder with all subfolder and files

mirror folder_name

All will be on you PC.


In my version of ubuntu (12.04) bootchart creates a different log file every time the computer boots, this goes into the directory /var/log/bootstrap. Though, bootstartgui looks by default to the file /var/log/bootchart.tgz which does not exist.

In 12.04, if you install bootchart properly, you automatically get an image file of the boot graph representation, so you do not need to run bootstartgui.

In fact, it is enough to run (Alt+F2):

nautilus /var/log/bootchart

then double click on the image that contains the date and time that you are interested in.

If you want to delete useless logs and save space, you can start nautilus with sudo from the commandline: Type (Alt+Ctrl+T) and then:

gksu nautilus /var/log/bootchart

This will give you a window where you can also delete files. Be very cautious not to delete anything on another folder!


brightness control not working for nvidia driver on W530 2436CTO + Ubuntu 12.10 X64

Hope this may be helpful for some others. Backlight keys work for me after following things:
a. upgrade to bios 2.51 (perhaps not really mandatory, but I haven't tested by downgrade the bios.
b. in bios, turn off secure boot, turn on CSM Mode in boot tab.

My kernal now is been boot with options: "nox2apic acpi_backlight=vendor acpi_osi=Linux"
and my nvidia driver version is : nvidia-experimental-310.14

Option "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1" was still been kept in xorg configuration.

Now I can only see thinkpad_screen in  /sys/class/backlight/ directory, and modify the value of brightness file doesn't effect the screen backlight, but the hotkey F8/F9 can work. (Still not know why).


I'm getting this error while apt-get upgrade Ubuntu 16.04

If you are sure you don't need any of those packages you can simply remove them doing the following:

You can run sudo dpkg --configure -a which will list all the broken packages, but no more than the already listed in the error message should appear.
Remove such packages with sudo dpkg -r BROKEN-PACKAGE-NAME, in your case:

sudo dpkg -r mysql-common
sudo dpkg -r libmysqlclient20:i386
sudo dpkg -r libqt4-sql-mysql:i386
sudo dpkg -r mysql-client-5.7
sudo dpkg -r mysql-clien

Run sudo apt-get install -f to fix dependencies.
Last, sudo apt upgrade shouldn't return any error message.


It looks like Touchégg is being developed to do that. I haven't tried it out so I can't speak to how well it does, but it does seem to be in active development.


64-bit desktop ISO vs 32-bit desktop ISO: EFI vs legacy boot mode

The 64-bit Ubuntu live USB disk will work even if you turn off UEFI. The 32-bit version of Ubuntu does not support UEFI. So, if you are not having trouble getting the older PC to work with the 32 bit version of the Ubuntu Live USB, you can get both computers to run it as long as you turn off UEFI on the newer machine.


This is why you should not ever run GUI applications as root.

PuTTY stores its configuration in ~/.putty, a hidden folder in your home directory. This directory and its contents are supposed to be owned by you.

If you run sudo putty, this will change the effective user id, but keep most of the current environment, including the home directory path. So all newly created files in that location will be owned by root instead of your user, and when you run putty normally next time, you won't be able to read them.

To fix this, restore your ownership of these files using the command

sudo chown -R $USER: ~/.putty

After that, keep in mind to not use sudo putty any more. There should never be a need to run this application with elevated privileges at all, I believe. However, if you need it for whatever reason, use sudo -H putty to make it use root's home directory /root instead of yours.


Why am I still running kernel `3.16.0-28-generic` on 14.10 although I have -29- and -33- installed?

Selecting "Advanced options for Ubuntu" each time you log in will let you select one from the installed kernels.

But to make it the default, Try Boot repair Disk from here. Or you might need to code the Grub.

For more details about using Boot repair Disk, go here

Removing old kernels can be done by typing sudo apt-get autoremove on the terminal.


I found that you're new to askubuntu. so I will start by jumping to sudo command.

try

sudo sh setup.sh

It should work because your script setup.sh is using installer also

sudo should work but you can do it the other way (correct way - as the other answer by @geirha):

sudo chmod +x installer

and then run your setup.sh as you were trying

./setup.sh


Targetcli can't load modules qla2xxx and ib_srpt

Looking at the docs here:

http://www.linux-iscsi.org/wiki/QLogic

It appears you might need to be running with kernel 3.5 for the qla2xxx driver to be in the kernel, Precise Pangolin (12.04 LTS) is using 3.2

I have need to do this very same thing in the near future so I will endeavour to post back once I have the Qlogic hardware and have tried to make it work.

Further to this, I think that ib_srpt / ib_srp are referring to infiniband module/s so might not be a concern unless you were hoping to get LIO working using IB?


when I do ' sudo apt-get install -f ',I met error as follows

Open the terminal and type:

cd /var/cache/apt/archives/
sudo rm openssh-client_1%3a6.6p1-2ubuntu2.10_amd64.deb openssh-server_1%3a6.6p1-2ubuntu2.10_amd64.deb
sudo apt update
sudo apt install openssh-client

Alternatively you can replace the command sudo apt install openssh-client with sudo apt install ssh . ssh is a metapackage that installs both secure shell client and server.


How to remove only files created before a specific date and time

Linux doesn't keep record of creation time, there are only 3 time records for files: last access, last modification of contents and last modification of the inode. So you are left with 3 options:

To delete all files modified before 04/29/2018 at 4:00 pm:

find . -type f ! -newermt '04/29/2018 16:00:00' -exec rm -f {} \;

To delete all files accessed before 04/29/2018 at 4:00 pm:

find . -type f ! -newerat '04/29/2018 16:00:00' -exec rm -f {} \;

To delete all files which had their permission changed before 04/29/2018 at 4:00 pm:

find . -type f ! -newerct '04/29/2018 16:00:00' -exec rm -f {} \;

You probably wouldn't want to run the above commands as root, and remember to backup any important files.

Important note!

You should treat date values with caution. Even though I did a complete format to my hard drive last month, I have some files in my home directory dating back to 2014!

Sources: [1][2][3]


what port should be allowed in ufw to allow specific outbound traffic and why - SPT vs DPT

UFW is just a front end for iptables.
The command sudo ufw allow out 68 results in these iptables rules:

Chain ufw-user-output (1 references)
    pkts      bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination
       0        0 ACCEPT     tcp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:68
       0        0 ACCEPT     udp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            udp dpt:68

which is not what you actually want, because your source port (SPT) is 68 and the destination port (DPT) is 67.

To be rigorous, suggest that what you really want is:

sudo ufw allow out proto udp from 192.168.1.100 port 68 to 192.168.1.1 port 67

resulting in (I use this command: sudo iptables -v -x -n -L):

Chain ufw-user-output (1 references)
pkts      bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination
   0        0 ACCEPT     udp  --  *      *       192.168.1.100        192.168.1.1          udp spt:68 dpt:67


Install cython using pip.

$ pip3 install cython

Then run cython

$ cython

Cython (http://cython.org) is a compiler for code written in the
Cython language.  Cython is based on Pyrex by Greg Ewing.

Usage: cython [options] sourcefile.{pyx,py}

Options:
  -V, --version                  Display version number of cython compiler
  -l, --create-listing           Write error messages to a listing file
  -I, --include-dir <directory>  Search for include files in named directory
                                 (multiple include directories are allowed).
  -o, --output-file <filename>   Specify name of generated C file
  -t, --timestamps               Only compile newer source files


Warning when opening a pdf file using either evince or atril

That's just a warning for the developers to fix something in future versions, nothing for end-users to worry about. I run atril (in MATE 16.10) like this

atril /path/to/file.pdf > /dev/null 2>&1 &

which sends all the warnings to oblivion and keeps my terminal clean.


Ubuntu 14.04 - upowerd crashed with SIGSEGV in service_client_free()

This is a known bug that seems to affect ubuntu users using iOS devices: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/upower/+bug/604809

One solution I've come across:

sudo apt-get install libimobiledevice-utils

and reboot (from: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2256436). But it doesn't seem to have stopped the error from coming up after a suspend.


How to add partman partitioning recipe file into 'd-i environment' for Ubuntu preseed

The recipe file should be in the installer environment, not in the target.  To add a file to the installer environment I will sometimes use a preseed file that includes lines like the following
d-i partman/early_command string \
  wget -O /run/my_recipe http://someserver/path/to/recipe ;

d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /run/my_recipe

If you are adding your recipe file to a custom ISO and booting from that then I would expect the files on the ISO to be accessible in the installer environment with a base path of /cdrom.  I'm basing that on this section of the documentation that show examples of accessing files on different installation media.
- if you're booting a remastered CD or image:
  preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed.cfg
...
- if you're installing from USB media (put the preconfiguration file in the
  toplevel directory of the USB stick):
  preseed/file=/hd-media/preseed.cfg

The installer environment can also be inspected directly with the VT2.  Use Alt-F2 if you have console access to open it, and Alt-F1 to return to the main installer UI.  This is useful for working through issues like finding a file's path.
Please be aware there are different Ubuntu installers.  Based on your progress it sounds like you are using one that supports preseed.

Ubuntu Desktop Installer (ubiquity) supports preseed but with some customization
Ubuntu Live Server Installer (subiquity) does not use preseed and starting with 20.04 provides its own autoinstall feature
Ubuntu Legacy Server Installer (debian-installer/d-i) supports preseed but will not be created for releases after 20.04


How to I remove "Managed by your organization" from Google Chrome and Chromium

Here's the fix:

sudo mv --verbose --target-directory=/tmp /etc/chromium /etc/chromium-browser /etc/opt/chrome ~/.config/google-chrome ~/.config/chromium

Ignore warnings from the mv about non-existant source files. Then, restart Google Chrome and/or Chromium.

This completely "un-manages" the browsers.

Updated with content from other answers below, including this one in an attempt to build one complete answer.


How do I extract a password protected .7z file?

Install p7zip-full on the server first and then run this to extract a z7 archive called test.7z, encrypted with the password password:

7z x test.7z -ppassword

As JanC adds below, you can omit the whole -ppassword flag and it will just ask you for the password on extraction:

oli@bert:~/Desktop$ 7z x test.7z

7-Zip 9.04 beta  Copyright (c) 1999-2009 Igor Pavlov  2009-05-30
p7zip Version 9.04 (locale=en_GB.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,8 CPUs)

Processing archive: test.7z

Enter password (will not be echoed) : <<I typed the password here>>

Extracting  botch2

Everything is Ok

Folders: 1
Files: 0
Size:       0
Compressed: 118


IPv6 is designed to autoconfigure in many cases.  The command ip -6 show addr will show any configured IPv6 addreses.  Addresses starting with fe80:: are link local addresses and won't be routed to the internet.  The address(es) you are interested in will end with /128.  The addresses ending /64 are networks you are connected to.

To test connectivity try a command like ping6 google.com.  Browsing to http://test-ipv6.com/ will provide addition information on your connectivity.

You may want to read the Linux IPv6 HowTo.  I started with 6to4 tunneling and progressed to 6in4 tunneling documenting some of the changes I did.

You will want to firewall some but not all ICMPv6 types, as well as enabling DNS, HTTP, HTTPS, and other services.  It is difficult to hand wire the IPTables rules so I use Shorewall6 to build my rules.  It is available as an Ubuntu package.  It takes a small amount of effort to do the initial setup, but the documentation is good.

From your listing, it does not appear you need to update /etc/network/interfaces.  If you have/want a static IPv6 addres, then add a stanza like the following:

iface enp0s7 inet6 static
    address xxxx::...
    gateway xxxx::...

If Comcast are routing the whole /64 your way, you can pick any static IP you want.  You could also announce that /64 to your LAN if your have one.  However, you should have been given a separate /64, /56, or /48 for that purpose.  A RADV daemon is usually used to do the announcement, and it can be configured for dynamically allocated IPv6 addresses.


Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1

You have to install python-setuptools and python-dev first. To do so, open a terminal and type:

  sudo apt-get install python-setuptools & python-dev -y


all you have to do is

go to a terminal by pressing ctrl+alt+T then copy pat this commands to it one after another

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install Xiphos

or you can search xiphos in Ubuntu software center.


JPG batch compression & rename (find -exec, xargs, piping?)

convert writes to a different image file. To overwrite original image files use mogrify.

Single file:

mogrify -resize 50% Pic.jpg

All .jpg files:

mogrify -resize 50% *.jpg


Launcher Missing on Ubuntu 17.10 after installing Cairo Dock

Nevermind, i managed to solve all of these by resetting dconf and reinstalling gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock (thanks to @pomsky).


Panel opacity should change the indicators' menu opacity, is this a valid bug?

It is somewhat of a valid bug, except that the menus are controlled by a separate plugin. To make menus transparent (to some extent) use the following values:


How to install arm-none-eabi-gdb on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)

It turned out that ARM decided to make our life easier (sarcasm) by deprecating the use of PPA - their page at launchpad now has an anouncement: "... all new binary and source packages will not be released on Launchpad henceforth ...".

So, to make use of their latest arm-none-eabi-gdb you have to install gcc-arm-embedded manually.

Remove arm-none-eabi-gcc from your system:

sudo apt remove gcc-arm-none-eabi

Download latest version  (Linux x86_64 Tarball) from their website, check its MD5.
Unpack it into some directory. I used /usr/share/ :

sudo tar xjf gcc-arm-none-eabi-your-version.bz2 -C /usr/share/

Create links so that binaries are accessible system-wide:

sudo ln -s /usr/share/gcc-arm-none-eabi-your-version/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc /usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
sudo ln -s /usr/share/gcc-arm-none-eabi-your-version/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++ /usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++
sudo ln -s /usr/share/gcc-arm-none-eabi-your-version/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb /usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb
sudo ln -s /usr/share/gcc-arm-none-eabi-your-version/bin/arm-none-eabi-size /usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-size

Install dependencies. ARM's "full installation instructions" listed in readme.txt won't tell you what dependencies are - you have to figure it out by trial and error. In my system I had to manually create symbolic links to force it to work:

sudo apt install libncurses-dev
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncurses.so.6 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncurses.so.5
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.6 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5

Check if it works:

arm-none-eabi-gcc --version
arm-none-eabi-g++ --version
arm-none-eabi-gdb --version
arm-none-eabi-size --version


Maybe you want notify-send?

Otherwise, there's devilspie, which allows you to say things like "all windows with this name (or of this class or with this role), shall be visible on all workspaces".


How to copy/move files with more than two keywords

"Many files"? "Files with funny characters in their name"?

This calls for find and xargs!

Read man find;man xargs and do something like:

find . -maxdepth 1 -name '*QM*.h5' -print0 |\
  xargs -0 --no-run-if-empty mv --target-directory=AnotherDirectory

Note: "AnotherDirectory" must already exist.

Note: See what the results will be by initaiily replacing "mv" with "echo mv".


Trying to install xfce4 on Ubuntu server 18.04.1

You need to enable the universe repository:

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt update


How to install LegendofGrimrock-Linux.sh

First, right click the file and go to properties. Then, under the "Permissions" tab, check the box that says "Allow executing file as program." Exit out of the properties window and double-click the file. Click "Run in Terminal." It should then (hopefully) install your game.


It shouldn't pose any real threat IF you do it right. As long as you use a separate partition for everything, and don't share a boot partition, you can get it working fine, but unless you are quite confident I would try it in a Virtualbox first.


Brightness adjustment not working on a Samsung NP300e5za0pin

I got another samsung laptop. Try to add/change this line in your /etc/default/grub file and run update-grub and restart afterwards. It fixed my problem with the brightness control.

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi="

However, battery life is still terrible under Ubuntu .. only 2 hours instead of 4 hours. If anybody has a fix for that, it would be appreciated.


An Unknown directory or file in my home directory

After running the rm -rf command for nearly one hour the file is gone now.


Ubuntu 18.04 - qemu VM: Loading bar from start-screen still on desktop

I experienced this problem while using ubuntu 19.10 x86_64 in a qemu session controlled by virt-manager using the spice display.  I resolved it by editing /etc/default/grub using the command:

sudo vim /etc/default/grub

(if your not a vim junkie, substitute nano for vim in the above command). Once the file is open remove "quiet splash" from GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT, probably leaving an empty string.  To apply the update type:

sudo update-grub

Enjoy!


Bio-Linux: How to select an OS for remote desktop in dual boot environment?

You can use the same IP address for each OS, since only on OS can be on at a time. Depending on the functionality you want, you may need a separate remote control program for each OS. Here are some of the common options for Ubuntu:

Vinagre - The benefit of this is that it is available in the repos, and uses VNC, which is one of the original remote control programs. When you connect using VNC, it brings up the desktop, exactly the same way that you would see as if you were in front of it. i.e. if you  open a program on your physical desktop, walk away, and then remote control in with VNC, that program will still be open. Any VNC viewing program will work fine with this solution.

X2Go - X2Go is, in my opinion, a nicer remote control program. It allows you to start a new session (or connect to a previously running session). This means that if someone were sitting in front of your desktop, you could start a new session, so you would not interfere with their work. It is also more secure as it transfers the data over SSH. The server component is not available in the repos, unfortunately. More information on installing it can be found on the x2go website.


Drivers / setup for Macbook Pro 11,3 webcam and Ubuntu 14.10?

I have a MBP 11,3 and there isn't a drive for the webcam yet (as far as I know).  The camera is on the PCI bus and has changed from years past making it a bit more difficult to get working. (Broadcom please help!)

Here is the kernel bug on it:
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=71131
and Launchpad/Ubuntu bug:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/isight-firmware-tools/+bug/1247476

There is a project started but apparently isn't working yet.
https://github.com/patjak/bcwc_pcie


It looks like Ubuntu 19.10 has *.dtb files to support the Pine64 board. So you can try to download arm64 netboot image and start over it. Or try ubuntu-19.10-server-arm64.iso image.

Or use one of alternative Armbian images.


Before I provide you the directions to uninstall Ubuntu, I urge you to give it another chance. Whatever issues you're having are probably solvable. There's a very large Ubuntu community to help you out with any issues you may have.

That said, to completely uninstall Ubuntu you need to have a Windows CD available or access to the Windows Recovery Console (or just the CD for Windows Vista+).

If you installed Ubuntu from inside Windows (Wubi install), go to the very last section.

Boot the Windows CD.

XP:

While the CD is loading it will tell you to "Press 'R' for System Recovery." Press 'R'.
This will drop you to a black and white console.
Select the Windows you want to do recovery on (usually there's only one)
Enter your Administrator password, if any.
Enter the command: fixboot
Followed by: fixmbr
Reboot

Vista+:

Boot the CD
Select your OS (usually only 1 avaialble)
Tell it you want a command prompt
Enter the command: bootrec /fixboot
Enter the command: bootrec /fixmbr
Reboot

In Windows:

Go to the Control Panel
Click on Administrative Tools (you may have to select "Classic View" on the upper right)
Open "Computer Management"
Select Disk Management
Click the drive you installed Ubuntu on (usually C:)
In the bottom of the Window, you'll see a blue section and probably a grey section.
Right click the grey section and delete it.
Then, right click the C: section and resize it to fill the disk.

Wubi Install (installed from inside Windows):

Start up Windows.
Control Panel -> Add/Remove Programs (or Programs and Features)
Find Ubuntu in the list and uninstall.
OR run C:\ubuntu\Uninstall-Ubuntu.exe


Is there going to be Twinview ( or alternative) implemented for nouveau?

... I've always been able to configure a dual-screen setup using the Screens/*Monitors* dialog wich can be used under the gnome-control-center or the System -> Administration menu. While using the Nouveau drivers. It's only when enabled the restricted (buggy) NVidia drivers that I had to use the nvidia-xconfig utility. So what happens when you try to use the default monitor/screen configuration utility?


Headset has to be re-pluged after rebooting

I solved it by putting these commands in the /etc/rc.local file just before exit 0 command:

pulseaudio -k
alsa force-reload


Why is it that I am unable to format my pendrive in exfat using gparted?

Gparted doesn't support  creation of exfat file systems. You can use mkfs.exfat utility from the terminal like:

sudo mkfs.exfat -n LABEL /dev/sdXn

Replace LABEL with the label that you want for your USB and /dev/sdXn with the partition id of your USB.

You will have to install exfat-utils and exfat-fuse from the universe repository for the above to work;

 sudo apt-get install exfat-utils exfat-fuse


you could just download the installer and see if it works.

but you can also install the command line version of git, so you are not restricted to github, and since you can paste the url into terminal, there isnt a real problem.

But whatever floats your boat m8.

I will try to install it now for you, give me 5 minutes

edit:

Doesnt seem to be working, he opens it in a bowser or something.

No it doesnt work.


Firstly get to know the partition reference. Run sudo blkid and note the UUID of the partition.

Next you need to modify your /etc/fstab file to point to the desired mount point. Run sudo xdg-open /etc/fstab and add a line or modify the line referencing the partition.

An example line:

UUID="xxxx-xxxx"    /media/Radi ext4    defaults,user,auto  0   1

Then reboot your computer or run sudo mount -a


Feed my AppleTv with media from my Ubuntu desktop PC

One possibility would perhaps be to run iTunes on the Ubuntu PC through Wine. From what I've heard, the syncing part doesn't work, but the airplay features does.

Second option is using Ubuntu One, if you only want to play audio as per : The Ubuntu One Blog

Third solution would be to install a media server on the Ubuntu PC as this guide dictates.

Disclaimer: Haven't got an Apple TV or even a Mac myself, so I haven't tested any of the proposed solutions. =)

Happy testing!


Error: 'deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \ xenial \ stable' invalid

That command is incorrectly line-wrapped which introduces line breaks and backslash characters where there should be none. The correct command would be:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

However, you still need to find and remove the previously added bogus entries. One way to find the files is via grep:

grep -ne '^deb.*docker.*\\' /etc/apt/sources.list{,.d/*.list}

I assume you know how to edit or remove files owned by root.


how to support exe files in ubuntu and how to download wine

sudo apt-get install wine

can install wine in your Ubuntu.

To check the application you wish to install in Ubuntu through wine will be supported by wine or not you must check the application in wine database.

MS Office 2013 : http://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=26323

photoshop cs6 :http://appdb.winehq.org/appview.php?appId=17

Nero http://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=application&iId=152

Note: Ubuntu have awesome alternatives for all the applications you have mentioned above.


Run in terminal :

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons false


The issue was that the file had Windows line endings (CRLF instead of LF). Thank you @jdeBP.

For explanation see this Unix & Linux post.


Is Ubuntu 18.04 compatible with the new MacBook Pro 13" (with Touch Bar)

The touchbar doesn't work as it is designed to work with OSx. The camera might not be found initially, but there is a fix for it. Everything else works well.


What is the right way to restart dependent services while package installation?

I would continue to use the pre/post inst scripts,

  preinst - This script executes before that package will be unpacked from its Debian archive (".deb") file. Many 'preinst' scripts stop services for packages which are being upgraded until their installation or upgrade is completed (following the successful execution of the 'postinst' script).

  postinst - This script typically completes any required configuration of the package foo once foo has been unpacked from its Debian archive (".deb") file. Often, 'postinst' scripts ask the user for input, and/or warn the user that if he accepts default values, he should remember to go back and re-configure that package as the situation warrants. Many 'postinst' scripts then execute any commands necessary to start or restart a service once a new package has been installed or upgraded.

see - https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/ch-pkg_basics.en.html

The syntax of invoking start|stop|restart is written as a conditional, see https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-opersys.html section 9.3.3.2 Running initscripts

  if which invoke-rc.d >/dev/null 2>&1; then

  invoke-rc.d package

  else

  /etc/init.d/package

  fi

so ...

if which service >/dev/null 2>&1; then
        service package <action>
elif which invoke-rc.d >/dev/null 2>&1; then
        invoke-rc.d package <action>
else
        /etc/init.d/package <action>
fi

and add another conditional for systemd when needed ;)

So yes, the proper way to start|stop|restart a service is with the appropriate wrapper script (invoke-rc.d / system), when possible, rather then calling the init script (/etc/init.d/package) and falling back to the /etc/init.d script when no wrapper is available.


Processes and .desktop launchers (Identification)

Unity uses the BAMF Application Matching Framework. I don't know about Kupfer.


From man apt.conf

Retries Number of retries to perform. If this is non-zero APT will
retry failed files the given number of times.

echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80-retries


Ubuntu Crashes after random amount of time

Hate to be that guy but I solved my own problem.

The solution was to install a 3rd party driver (amd64-microcode) for AMD CPUs.
Since installing there have been no additional crashes.


Connect to printer directly / locally via ethernet port

With Help from a guy on german ubuntu-board we solved it:

ifconfig -a
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  Hardware Adresse 00:18:fe:68:44:a2
          inet6-Adresse: fe80::218:feff:fe68:44a2/64 Gültigkeitsbereich:Verbindung
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metrik:1
          RX-Pakete:0 Fehler:0 Verloren:0 Überläufe:0 Fenster:0
          TX-Pakete:161 Fehler:0 Verloren:0 Überläufe:0 Träger:0
          Kollisionen:0 Sendewarteschlangenlänge:1000
          RX-Bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX-Bytes:29738 (29.7 KB)
          Interrupt:19 Speicher:f0600000-f0620000

route -n

Kernel-IP-Routentabelle
Ziel            Router          Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.1.138   0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 wlan0
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     9      0        0 wlan0

After configuring via network manager manuelly:
IP-Adresse ie. 169.254.129.1, (Printer= 169.254.129.130). Subnetmask = 255.255.255.0.

=>

ifconfig -a
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  Hardware Adresse 00:18:fe:68:44:a2
          inet Adresse:169.254.129.1  Bcast:169.254.129.255  Maske:255.255.255.0
          inet6-Adresse: fe80::218:feff:fe68:44a2/64 Gültigkeitsbereich:Verbindung
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metrik:1
          RX-Pakete:0 Fehler:0 Verloren:0 Überläufe:0 Fenster:0
          TX-Pakete:1079 Fehler:0 Verloren:0 Überläufe:0 Träger:0
          Kollisionen:0 Sendewarteschlangenlänge:1000
          RX-Bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX-Bytes:198841 (198.8 KB)
          Interrupt:19 Speicher:f0600000-f0620000

and

route -n
Kernel-IP-Routentabelle
Ziel            Router          Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.1.138   0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 wlan0
169.254.129.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     1      0        0 eth0
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     9      0        0 wlan0

Then in CUPS a new Printer with URI = "socket://169.254.129.130"

Thanks to mecks52 and Class Stacker.

:-joerg


how can I extend root partition with unallocated space before that?

You need to boot from a live disk, since you can't manipulate a partition you booted from.

Then run gparted.

https://gparted.org/display-doc.php%3Fname%3Dmoving-space-between-partitions


Can I enable lapto mode without laptop-mode-tools

laptop_mode is just one of many powersave features. TLP enables laptop_mode by default. So no need to change anything.

Proof: see the output of tlp-stat (on battery!):

+++ File System
/proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode = 2


acpi-call-dkms install fails with latest 5.8.0 mainline kernel

acpi-call was supported until Ubuntu 16.04, but not any longer. And Thinkpads newer than TP 410 can't use the tp-smapi module, but the tpacpi.bat package - both relying on acpi-call, but:
Starting with kernel 4.17 tpacpi-bat gets superseded by a new, native kernel API called natacpi (contained in the ubiquitious kernel module thinkpad_acpi).
tlp-stat -b would lead you in the right direction, if you have it installed.
So you might be lucky and won't need it anymore.
Otherwise you'd have to get the source code and compile it against your current kernel.


Is there a way to install a package from a particular repository using apt?

There are two ways:

Pinning -> this is more a permanent solution, you can remix it into something adhoc and it's detailed at the end.
Using aweso... err aptitude!

Using aptitude

Lets say the package is from some origin, lets call this ppa.launchpad.net. So, how to tell aptitude to install the package form that origin:

sudo aptitude install '?narrow(nameofthepackage, ?origin(ppa.launchpad.net))'

You can change narrow for and. Also, you can use other selectors like version string, etc.

A complete reference of all the features of aptitude here:

http://algebraicthunk.net/~dburrows/projects/aptitude/doc/en/ch02s03s05.html

Using pinning.

This requires that you write the preference file before hand and you should add pretty options arguments:

You must write your pinning file:

Package: somepackage
Pin: origin ppa.launchpad.net
Pin-Priority: 1000

Now with apt-get:

sudo apt-get install -o Dir::Etc::Preferences=/path/to/pinningFile somepackage

Done.


How do I change the icon for .doc, .odt, .ods .xls .ppt filetypes from LibreOffice icon to OpenOffice icon?

The icons for a file type have nothing to do with what software you are using (unlike Windows). It is your icon theme that matters.

On Ubuntu, this means it has to be under either /usr/share/icons or ~/.icons. You will need to edit some files like /usr/share/icons/<your-icon-theme>/mimes/16/application-vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation.svg. Here, <your-icon-theme> could very likely be Humanity.


Dell Inspiron 7720 - upgrade from 12.10 to 13.04 broke touchpad driver

you can try this solution, it works for me.

http://www.linuxwind.org/html/dell-touchpad-driver-for-ubuntu-13-04.html


Application (Firefox) opening on 2nd workspace, while starting it from 1st workspace

You should check if you have "restore previous session" enabled in Firefox? If so, you may be able to fix the problem by disabling it.
Having that enabled is at least is a way to trigger this behaviour on my Xubuntu 16.04, 18.04 and 20.04 installations. However I don't think this is intended.


I finally could solve my problem haha!!!
the problem was the nam package, It must be installed to show the GUI, I installed it by:
apt-get install nam
After this installation every thing will be okay
screenshot:


system command and search specific and show that

You cannot do it using lsusb only. You can:

Use the -s or the -d options to make lsusb show output for only specific devices:

-s [[bus]:][devnum]
      Show only devices in specified bus and/or devnum.  Both ID's are
      given in decimal and may be omitted.

-d [vendor]:[product]
      Show  only  devices  with  the  specified vendor and product ID.
      Both ID's are given in hexadecimal.

And use grep to filter out the fields.

For example:

$ lsusb
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub
Bus 003 Device 004: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
$ lsusb -s 003:003
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub
$ lsusb -s 003:003 -v | grep bInterfaceProtocol
  bInterfaceProtocol      0 Full speed (or root) hub
# lsusb -v | grep -e bInterfaceProtocol -e Bus
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
      bInterfaceProtocol      0 Full speed (or root) hub
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub
      bInterfaceProtocol      0 Full speed (or root) hub
Bus 003 Device 004: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse
      bInterfaceProtocol      2 Mouse
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub
      bInterfaceProtocol      0 Full speed (or root) hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
      bInterfaceProtocol      0 Full speed (or root) hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
      bInterfaceProtocol      0 Full speed (or root) hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
      bInterfaceProtocol      0 Full speed (or root) hub


php-pear is not working after upgrading to Ubuntu 14.04

The easiest way to obtain PHPUnit is to download a PHP Archive (PHAR) that has all required (as well as some optional) dependencies of PHPUnit bundled in a single file.

Open the terminal and type:

wget https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit.phar  # download the PHP Archive (PHAR) file
chmod +x phpunit.phar
sudo mv phpunit.phar /usr/local/bin/phpunit

There are many different versions of phpunit.phar at https://phar.phpunit.de/. If you use the first command, it will select and download the latest version of phpunit.phar.


I killed it and Firefox closed. I think it's part of Firefox.


Ways to enter special characters? Is Alt+Numpad possible?

You can use compose sequences which are more usable than the Alt+num method in Windows.
For more see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/GtkComposeTable

For example, Compose + t + m = ™


connecting and copying files with scp -- ubuntu 10.04

If you want to connect to either computer, you will need to expose the computer through your router's NAT. Set up port forwarding to port 22 on both systems. Ideally, you will want to use keypair authentication and disable password access in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.

Alternatively, if you have SSH access to a third system that can be exposed to the Internet, you can use SSH's built-in forwarding feature (man ssh, look up the -R and -L options and optionally -n) to open a port remotely that forwards back to your system. (For example: Computer A connects to the server with -R 2222:127.0.0.1:22, and computer B connects to the server on port 2222 to gain access to computer A.) There is some overhead involved, however minor.

As a variation on the above port forwarding: You'll likely only be able to open ports on your home computer - this will probably be enough. But if you need to be able to access your work computer from home, you will need to set up your work computer to connect to your home computer with an -R option as above. Then, you will be able to connect (ssh user@localhost:2222) without difficulty.


How to restart mountd without rebooting the machine?

Looks like you have to first restart nfs-config. This recommendation did the trick for me:

sudo systemctl try-restart nfs-config.service \
                           rpcbind.service \
                           rpc-statd.service \
                           nfs-server.service


The log doesn’t say that the interface is down, it complains it’s up! In order to bring it down properly, add

ip link set wlx9cefd5fe0d41 down

to your script before the macchanger line. To bring it up again afterwards, use the equivalent:

ip link set wlx9cefd5fe0d41 up

As you probably figured, for manipulating network devices ip should be used. NetworkManager is just a daemon managing the networking configuration.


Why doesn't GNOME respect OnlyShowIn=KDE; in .desktop files?

Try running sudo update-desktop-database after you make any changes to the .desktop files.


Ubuntu 12.04 flush-encryptfs resource hog

You're referring to a kernel thread that is created to write out dirty eCryptfs pages to disk (the kernel memory management bdi_forker_thread in mm/backing-dev.c does this).

Since these pages need to be encrypted this will indeed consume CPU cycles to complete.  The amount of CPU consumed depends on the number of dirty pages to write, the speed of the output device and the speed and model of the CPU.  Potentially it could consume 100% if the scheduler allows it to. It's a job that needs doing, so it uses available CPU cycles.

I generally only encrypt the data in my home directory that really needs encrypting (e.g. email, ssh keys etc) to limit the CPU consumption. I followed the instructions in the following wiki to just encrypt specific directories:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedPrivateDirectory


Install Ubuntu 15.04 alongside Windows 8.1

Yep, there should be no issues. I dual booted 8.1 and KUbuntu 15.04 for a while and even managed to uninstall it when I didn't need it anymore to just have Windows 8.1 with no issues. All while on UEFI, I didn't try it on ATA though but both ways it should work flawlessly.


Looks like a problem with video driver. What graphics card do you have? Do you use proprietary video driver? If not, try to install the proprietary one. If it doesn't help, try a Live session of another Ubuntu flavor, like Xubuntu, to see if the problem persists.


I'll answer my own question.

The setting for timezone is related to the user's login profile.
So, what one needs to do is to go to it's profile, edit settings and choose a timezone from the drop-down menu and click save.

Desired EEST timezone


External monitor with hdmi-vga adapter not working - Ubuntu 17.04

-- EDIT ---

I just realized I posted this without seeing that you already tried most of these steps.  Leaving it up here in case it's useful to anyone.
- Matt

Having been through this recently with a new monitor, I can relate to the frustation of this.

Though I can't offer a solution, I can suggest steps to diagnose.

Diagnosis steps to try:

check Ubuntu displays settings. (main menu -> settings -> displays)

See if your monitor is recognized there.

Check monitor is recognized by xrandr:
First
You can check to see if your monitor is detected at all using these commands:

xrandr -q --verbose

You'll get some output that looks something like this:

Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 3840 x 1080, maximum 8192 x 8192
eDP-1 connected primary 1920x1080+1920+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 293mm x 165mm

1920x1080     60.00 +  59.93*
1680x1050     59.95    59.88
1600x1024     60.17
1400x1050     59.98
1280x1024     60.02
1440x900      59.89
[...]

Somewhere in there, you should see an HDMI connected section:

HDMI-1 connected 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 477mm x 268mm
1920x1080     60.00*+  59.94
1680x1050     59.88
1280x1024     60.02

If not, there's probably a cable connection problem

See if your monitor can be detected connected to another non-ubuntu machine using the cable adapters you have. If it's recognized there, you know your adapters are not the problem.
Check your video card type: lspci | grep VGA

I found several forum posts suggesting that there is some kind of problem with Nvidia drivers, and sometimes your system is not getting correct resolution information for your particular monitor. The solution there seems to have to do with updating the Nvidia graphics drivers.


Hi you may load Ubuntu by selecting previous version and than selecting the corresponding kernel in that option. The problem generally arises when you have 64-bit kernel and updating causes a generic-pae 32-bit kernel to apear along with the previous one. Thus causing the problem.

Once you are able to boot, you may remove the generic-pae kernel by the following steps:

sudo update-grub. It will show you grub.cfg file and you can see the two kernels present.
sudo rm /boot/*generic-pae
sudo update-grub


Landscape how to send email from landscape

Answer was in my mail logs.

tail /var/log/mail.log -f showed a error Invalid FROM email address "noreply@myservername" I changed that to be a valid domain (noreply@something.com) in landscape settings and the problem was resolved.


Acer Aspire 5542G overheating with ubuntu/kubuntu 12.04

I guess i found something. It overheats when using the open source radeon driver. After installing fglrx and setting the power save option in catalyst control center there seems to be major difference.


How to merge two .iso split-files into one image-file?

Use the absolute paths of all three files involved. It'll make for one hell of a one liner, but it should do it. E. g.:

cat /path/to/liveandroidv0.3.iso.001 /path/to/liveandroidv0.3.iso.002 > /path/to/liveandroidv0.3.iso


Does Hauppauge WinTVR 900H work with Digital TV in the UK

Uhm, you should check if you have the firmware and if not you should download it by doing these two commands in terminal

cd /lib/firmware
sudo wget http://www.steventoth.net/linux/hvr1400/xc3028L-v36.fw

Then if it's still not working try with other programs like MeTv or TvHeadend which is a little bit complicated at first but once you configure it your decoder is going to go faster and stabler, plus by configuring tvheadend you can also use your DVB decoder in XBMC or other Media Center and set programme recording directly from Tvheadend web interface.


Ubuntu Phone is not a specific phone, but an operating system to be run on phones. Right now, in development, the official reference models are Galaxy Nexus and Nexus 4. You'll be able to install Ubuntu Phone on either of those, but keep in mind it's not meant to be ready for the public yet – and it will require you to unlock the phone.

As of now, there are no official statements from hardware manufacturers intending to ship Ubuntu Phone on their devices by default. Because of that, it's impossible to say anything about prices, or when to expect them. I would, however, not expect any phones to hit the market until spring/summmer 2014. After all, that's when the next LTS is released, and I would assume that hardware manufacturers would want long-term support for their devices. That is pure speculation, of course.


Nautilus icon view as default in a specific folder

My Nautilus does this by default ... I don't see anything in the settings that would enable or disable this functionality.


Trying to boot Windows 7 from USB with Ubuntu installed

Turns out something went wrong with burning the .iso on the USB. I removed the USB and tried burning it again and it worked!


Computer freezing on almost full RAM, possibly disk cache problem

To fix this problem I have found that you need to set the following setting to something around 5%-6% of your total physical RAM, divided by the number of cores in the computer:

sysctl -w vm.min_free_kbytes=65536

Keep in mind that this is a per-core setting, so if I have 2GB RAM and two Cores, then I calculated 6% of only 1 GB and added a little extra just to be safe.

This forces the computer to try to keep this amount of RAM free, and in doing so limits the ability to cache disk files. Of course it still tries to cache them and immediately swap them out, so you should probably limit your swapping as well:

sysctl -w vm.swappiness=5

(100 = swap as often as possible, 0= swap only on total necessity)

The result is that linux no longer randomly decides to load a whole movie file of approx 1GB in ram while watching it, and killing the machine in doing so.

Now there is enough reserved space to avoid memory starvation, which aparrently was the problem (seeing as there are no more freezes like before).

After testing for a day - lockups are gone, sometimes there are minor slowdowns, because stuff gets cached more often, but I can live with that if I dont have to restart computer every few hours.

The lesson here is - default memory management is just one of use cases and is not allways the best, even though some people try to suggest otherwise - home entertainment ubuntu should be configured differently than server.

You probably want to make these settings permanent by adding them to your /etc/sysctl.conf like this:

vm.swappiness=5
vm.min_free_kbytes=65536


How can I make Seamonkey the default Web and E-Mail client in Precise?

Launch "System Settings" from the Dash.
Click on "Details" in the "System" group (at the bottom).
Select "Default Applications" from the list on the left.

From there you can choose Seamonkey as default application for web and email.


Can't make Safenet PKI client "find" my etoken (12.04 LTS)

I may be wrong, however it's worthy a shot. In my understanding it's just the opposite. I work here with ikey2032 and etoken pro 72k. You only disable libhal and enable libusb to work with ikey. I do use ubuntu 12.04 too, 32bit and 64bit. I just do a clean instalation via dpkg, resolve all dependencies (pcsc and libhal) and it works fine for etoken. I could never make it work with ikey.

Hope it helps
Erick


Is it possible to rotate a video using avidemux command line?

It is best to use avconv instead of ffmpeg (avconv is the ubuntu version of ffmpeg and it is more up to date - while anytime you run ffmpeg you should see that it is deprecated, it only exists for compatibility purposes and it is going to be removed in the future).

All you need is to set a rather high video bitrate value when you apply the rotation. So, first, you can get a 1 minute sample of one of your videos, by running:

avconv -i input.mov -vcodec copy -acodec copy -ss 00:05:00 -t 00:06:00 sample.mov

Then you can apply the 90° clockwise rotation like this:

avconv -i sample.mov -b:v 1200k -vf "transpose=1" sample_rotated.mov

You can experiment a little bit around with the bitrate value, and when you are pleased with the result (quality to size analogy) you can apply this command for any other of your big files.


Bluetooth stops working after suspend in 20.04

I had same problem in Ubuntu 18.04 and 20.04. I solve it with this command:
sudo service bluetooth restart


[Help]Nvidia drivers on Ubuntu gnome 16.04 not w

These steps worked for me in Mint18, they might apply for you.

Return to Nouveau drivers
Purge any NVIDIA software
Install NVIDIA binaries for Ubuntu


15 seconds can be saved by removing NetworkManager-wait-online.service from the boot:

What does NetworkManager-wait-online.service do?

Not appearing in your question but worth checking is whether or not fsck is being run on every boot. If so you can change that to every 30 days or so:

Slow reboot - understanding fsck and tune2fs

You can also completely turn off fsck during boot:

How to disable fsck run on Ubuntu 16.04 boot?


Remove Ubuntu 10.10 without affecting Ubuntu 12.04 in the same hard drive

Use OS-Uninstaller

First thing first: Make two copies of backup of all your data in external drives.

Step 1: Get OS-Uninstaller

OS-Uninstaller must be run from a Live CD/DVD/USB.

1st option: get a disk including OS-Uninstaller

Download Boot-Repair-Disk. Then burn the image on a CD, or create a live-USB. Boot on it. A window (Boot-Repair) will appear, close it. Then launch OS-Uninstaller from the bottom-left menu.

2nd option: install OS-Uninstaller in Ubuntu

boot your computer on a Ubuntu live-CD or live-USB.
choose "Try Ubuntu"
open a new Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T), then type:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
Press Enter
then type:

sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install -y os-uninstaller && os-uninstaller
Press Enter

Launch OS-Uninstaller

Then choose the OS you want to remove and click "OK"

See Ubuntu help for details.

Also see How to remove a duplicate Ubuntu Installation without ruining OS boot menu for another way of doing it.

Hope this helps


katoolin is a script that helps to install Kali Linux tools on your Linux distribution of choice. Those who like to use the penetration testing tools provided by the Kali Linux development team can effectively do that on Ubuntu by using Katoolin. The following instructions are for installing Katoolin on Ubuntu 15.04. These instructions also work on all other currently supported versions of Ubuntu.

Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/LionSec/katoolin.git && sudo cp katoolin/katoolin.py /usr/bin/katoolin

Make /usr/bin/katoolin executable.

sudo chmod +x  /usr/bin/katoolin

Run Katoolin as follows and you will see the Katoolin interface:

cd /usr/bin/
sudo ./katoolin

When you go to View Categories and then enter 0 for all, the installer will immediately return to where you were. Scroll up, and you may see that a number of the packages can't be found. Those packages are no longer maintained or have been removed from the Kali repositories. If this happens the best option is to install Kali linux tools one tool at a time in a series of distinct steps.

Warning about updates after installing Kali linux tools

The LionSec Katoolin GitHub webpage clearly warns Katoolin users to be careful when updating software.

  Before updating your system, please remove all Kali-linux repositories to avoid any kind of problem.

All kinds of problems can occur if you don't do this.


Strange keyboard issue Ubuntu 14.04 and Thiinkpad Yoga 14 (S3)

I have the same laptop and had to examine the XKB files closely to find out what layout would work with this keyboard.

I found that configuring the keyboard as an Intel Classmate PC layout solves the issue with the pipe/bashslash key as well as the quote/dblquote key.

I have not found any issues with the keyboard layout since configuring it as a Classmate PC layout.

To configure the keyboard in the console, execute this command as root (or sudo): dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

The keyboard can be found under the name "Classmate PC".

Note that the settings may have to be reconfigured in X for each user by choosing the correct layout from the system settings panel (in KDE, at least).

To reconfigure in KDE, go to input devices from the system settings panel and change the selected option for 'Keyboard Model'.  In KDE, the keyboard is listed as "Intel | Classmate PC".


Stuck in a login loop and I already tried lots of things

if you have access to the login screen, try changing the session. Also if you want to run startx, try running it like so : startx -- :2. You may try another number if it doesn't work once.

After you log in, try finding any error log files. If you want to send them through command line, you may use : cat ~/.xsession-errors | curl -F 'sprunge=<-' http://sprunge.us and send us the resulting url.


How can I remove nvidia drivers with its patches in my kernel?

Ok, I finally managed to do it and it was not that complex. First, I had to get name of my current kernel:

stiv@gaidar:~$ uname -a
Linux gaidar 5.0.0-31-generic #33~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 1 10:20:39 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

then I went to this folder:

stiv@gaidar:/lib/modules$ ls /lib/modules/
5.0.0-23-generic  5.0.0-25-generic  5.0.0-27-generic  5.0.0-29-generic  5.0.0-31-generic

It contained .ko files inside:

stiv@gaidar:~$ ls /lib/modules/5.0.0-31-generic/updates/dkms
nvidia-drm.ko  nvidia.ko  nvidia-modeset.ko  nvidia-uvm.ko

I deleted them and thus get rid of this brilliant driver.


How to update from 15.10 to 16.04 without losing the data?

With any upgrade, there's always a (very minimal) chance of data loss. With that being said, it is really easy to upgrade from 15.10 to 16.04, and there's no reason you'd be likely to lose any data in the process.

You don't even need to enter a terminal. Just open the "Software Updater" program. There should be a button that says "Upgrade..." Just hit that button and wait for about 20 minutes.

Troubleshooting: If the upgrade button isn't there, make sure you have all available updates installed and restart software updater. Make sure you're connected to the internet. In the update preferences dialog, make sure you check "Notify my about all new versions".


The packages isn't available in the Wily repositories. You can try the Vivid version:

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/i/icu/libicu52_52.1-8ubuntu0.2_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libicu52_52.1-8ubuntu0.2_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install -f

After that, install your deb file again, if necessary.

Another solution is, change the dependencies in your DEB file to use libicu55, that's available for Wily.

Extract the DEB package

cd
mkdir deb$$
cp wickr_2.3.5_amd64.deb deb$$
cd deb$$
dpkg-deb -x wickr_2.3.5_amd64.deb  deb
cd deb
dpkg-deb -e ../wickr_2.3.5_amd64.deb

Change the dependencies:

sed -i 's/libicu52/libicu55/' DEBIAN/control

Re-pack the DEB file and install

cd ..
sudo dpkg-deb -b deb
sudo dpkg -i deb.deb


How can I hide all windows and show the desktop quickly?

You can use multiple workspaces and switch to a new empty workspace instead of minimizing all windows on the current one to see the desktop.

To enable workspaces, open System Settings → Appearance, switch to the Behaviour tab and tick the Enable workspaces checkbox.

Then you have 4 workspaces (2x2) between which you can switch using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+Arrow ↑←↓→.

To move the focused window on a different workspace, you can select Move to workspace up/left/down/right or Move to another workspace from the window title bar's context menu, or using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Arrow ↑←↓→.


Converting aff image to vdi using xmount

Assumption:

In your working directory there is file disk.aff
In your working directory you created new directory vdifiles

Then

xmount --in aff --out vdi disk.aff vdifiles

should create two files in vdifiles:

$ ls vdifiles
disk.info  disk.vdi

for import in Virtualbox.

You may use them directly or copy/convert to another place. If you want to use them direct without writing to the original, use the cacheoption:

xmount --cache disk.ovl --in aff --out vdi disk.aff vdifiles

See xmount manpage


Ubuntu 15.04 is not supported anymore, it reach the end of life at February 4 2016.
Better update to a supported version like 15.10


Are users of Ubuntu certified computers safe from OEM SSL/TLS tampering?

Ubuntu's open source nature does not make it immune from the same kind of issue, where an OEM may have added malware (accidentally or deliberately), whether that be additional CA certificates or otherwise, on the images it distributes pre-installed on computers.

If you install Ubuntu yourself there are a number of measures against malicious modification by third parties: If you obtain an image of Ubuntu from an official Ubuntu source you can verify its checksum, and if you keep Ubuntu updated using APT with the official repositories you benefit from its built-in digital signing, assuring you that the images have not been tampered with by third-parties.

However, as you may suspect if Ubuntu is pre-installed by an OEM they have almost certainly made modifications to it aside from just installing the official images, for quite legitimate reasons.  If bought from a trusted source it would be very unlikely that the installation would include malware, possibly even more unlikely than the typical Windows installation, but there is nothing that would make it impossible, and you only need to look at the examples from Lenovo and Dell to see how that might happen.

As for whether you need to worry, you can judge for yourself.  Wiping and reinstalling from an official Ubuntu installer might quell some fears, though you will lose any OEM-specific customisation or extra functionality.

I can't answer your question about whether Ubuntu/Canonical try to police any changes to root certificate stores on OEM's derived installations, but I can't see how that would be feasible to do comprehensively enough.


Evolution and thunderbird sharing same mail data?

This will tip them over pretty good one to use a mail client like Thunderbird and Evolution. Let's see how to minimize a program to "system tray" (the area of icons on the panel where the clock) when we close the application.

In this way we will not always open the window or the bar will take place in open windows and only appear when you click on the icon in question.

We are going to install a small application that gives this functionality to the client even without support for it. It's called "alltray" and you can install it using Synaptic or console:

  sudo aptitude install alltray

We have only done this to create a launcher and if you want you can add it to your kiba-dock, AWN or login (System> Preferences> Sessions> Startup Programs.)

The command that you must add the following to Thunderbird and Evolution, respectively:

alltray "thunderbird --component = mail"
alltray "evolution --component = mail"

Will observe the icon done in the commentary. To show you just have to click on this icon and if you want to minimize it again by pressing the button to close the window frame (do not use File> Exit).

sharing same mail data ? here


Performance while on battery - Ubuntu 11.10

First check is proper graphics driver installed for you system. Goto system setting>System Info>Graphics. If it is Unknown in driver section then ubuntu does not found proper driver for you graphics and running on low VGA mode.

Second, Any processor can run in multiple speed mode. As an example 2.1 GHZ core2Duo can run 1.2GHZ 1.3GZ 1.6GZ ... 2.1GHZ. To save power ubuntu run your processor in slowest mode. So solution is scale your cpu's frequency manually. (Don't worry it is very very very much safe, it is not over-clocking)

To do this install a indicator

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:artfwo/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-cpufreq

After installation, run it (Press Alt+F2, write indicator-cpufreq which will add an icon in your ubuntu's system tray). Select "on-demand" which means cpu will be run in highest frequency it is necessary. If your cpu performance is low then select Performance from indicator which will run your cpu in highest speed all the time. Or you can select any frequency which is listed(supported by your cpu)


Install Intel AC 8260 wireless drivers offline

The problem is that kernel 3.19 does not support firmware version 13 that you can get for Ubuntu 14.04.
The easiest way to do offline is to install Ubuntu 15.10.
The adapter should work without any effort.
You can get it working on Ubuntu 14.04, but you will need to upgrade the kernel and the firmware. I can give you directions.
But you will have to download some packages using another computer and then install them to Ubuntu.
Install to Ubuntu 14.04
Download these files:
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta-lts-wily/linux-headers-generic-lts-wily_4.2.0.42.34_amd64.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-lts-wily/linux-headers-4.2.0-42-generic_4.2.0-42.49~14.04.1_amd64.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-lts-wily/linux-headers-4.2.0-42_4.2.0-42.49~14.04.1_all.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta-lts-wily/linux-generic-lts-wily_4.2.0.42.34_amd64.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta-lts-wily/linux-image-generic-lts-wily_4.2.0.42.34_amd64.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-lts-wily/linux-image-4.2.0-42-generic_4.2.0-42.49~14.04.1_amd64.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-lts-wily/linux-image-extra-4.2.0-42-generic_4.2.0-42.49~14.04.1_amd64.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-firmware/linux-firmware_1.127.22_all.deb

Copy the files to your home folder and run in terminal:
sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

Reboot and test the Wi-Fi.


Router page and online IP showing page show different IP

Yes, a computer can have two different IPs given it has two interfaces.

The IP that ipmango is showing is known as the Public IP address whereas the IP address the router page is showing is known as the Private IP address.

In a nutshell, you can think of a Private IP address as the address any network other than your Local network will NOT unerstand whereas Public IP address will be understood by those networks. We normally use Private IPs in LAN.
Here are the ranges of Private IPs:

Class A: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
Class B: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
class C: 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

A router is responsible for routing traffics between two or more different networks. So, let just think it this way, your Router has a WAN interface where you will put the Public IP address without which you will not be  able to go to to the internet. The router also has lets say one LAN interface where you will put a private IP so that you local network can be built under this private IP.

For example your router's Public IP is 49.244.254.104 and your router's Private IP is 192.168.1.1. Now you can have a LAN e.g. 192.168.1.0/24 where all your local computers are allocated private IP addresses between 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.254. All your LAN's traffic will be first reach the Local facing interface (gateway) having IP 192.168.1.1 of the router, the router will then route the traffic to the internet by using the Public IP.


Are you sure that you have an FTP server running on your Windows system?  It seems to either not be present, not running, or not configured to allow a connection in from the error you are relaying.

Either way, the problem you are describing (if you are truly attempting to FTP into that Windows box) is more an FTP server setup / Windows security (firewall) / or possibly networking question more than an Ubuntu issue.

An alternative solution, as @Alvar suggested in the comments, would be to share a folder across the network, providing R/W access (with security configurations as you please) and then simply save documents there.  That would be a much simpler method, and would remove the need for running an FTP server of any kind (which seems like it would be overkill on a LAN).


I figured it out. I uninstalled I3 with this command and rebooted. I am happily back in Gnome.

sudo apt remove i3* && sudo apt autoremove

(https://askubuntu.com/a/954854/234540)


GRUB2 does not show Windows 8 option to boot into after Dual Boot

You're running into Compatibility Support Module (CSM; aka legacy-boot or BIOS-mode boot) issues. Most modern computers use Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI; usually Unified EFI, or UEFI, which is EFI version 2.x) firmware. EFI firmware is fundamentally different from the older BIOS firmware that dominated the PC industry from the 1980s to 2011. The CSM, though, provides a backwards-compatibility layer, enabling new EFI-based computers to boot old OSes. This is useful in some cases, but when used inappropriately, it causes a new set of problems, because you need to know how to control the boot mode, and that can be tricky. Even if you know what you're doing, there's so much model-to-model differences that predicting what a computer will do is next to impossible. For more on this subject, see my Web page on the CSM.

Your computer appears to have both BIOS-mode and EFI-mode versions of GRUB installed. I suspect (but am not 100% positive) that your computer is currently configured to boot into the EFI-mode GRUB, but this version is misconfigured. When you exit from it, you get an EFI shell prompt. When you exit from that, the BIOS-mode GRUB launches and enables you to boot Ubuntu. Your Windows, though, is installed in EFI mode, and the BIOS-mode GRUB can't launch the EFI-mode Windows.

If my analysis is correct, there are at least two good solutions to the problem:

Use rEFInd -- This method changes your main boot program from GRUB to rEFInd. Since rEFInd is EFI-only, disabling the CSM is not critical.

Download the USB flash drive or CD-R version of my rEFInd boot manager.
Prepare a medium from the files you download.
Boot to the rEFInd medium. It should show options to boot both Windows and Ubuntu. (There are likely to be two Ubuntu options, one of which will launch your non-functioning GRUB and the other of which will boot correctly.)
Test both the Windows and Ubuntu boot options.
If you can boot both Windows and Ubuntu, boot to Ubuntu.
Install the rEFInd PPA or Debian package.
At this point, when you reboot, rEFInd should appear, even with the removable disk unplugged. You'll now boot through rEFInd, bypassing GRUB. You may want to tweak the rEFInd configuration, but that's another matter.

Use Boot Repair in EFI mode -- This method requires disabling the CSM, or at least learning to control your boot mode. You can then repair the EFI-mode GRUB.

Boot into your firmware setup utility.
Disable your CSM. Precisely how to do this varies from one machine to another. See my CSM page for some suggestions.
Boot an Ubuntu installation disk in "try before installing" mode.
Open a Terminal window.
Look for a directory called /sys/firmware/efi. If it's present, you've booted in EFI mode and can continue; if it's absent, you've been unsuccessful in disabling your CSM and should try that again, or at least learn to control your boot mode, as described on my CSM page.
Download and launch Boot Repair, as you've done before.
Tell Boot Repair to repair your installation. As you've now booted in EFI mode, it should do an EFI-mode repair.
Reboot and hope it works. With any luck, you'll see both Ubuntu and Windows options in the GRUB menu, and both should work. (See below for one more caveat, though.)

Use whichever of those methods sounds most appealing to you. If it doesn't work, use the other method -- but be sure to read the rest of this answer first.

In either of these cases, you should be aware that dual-booting Windows and Ubuntu can create problems if you fail to disable the Fast Startup feature in Windows. (Note that many EFIs have a feature with a similar name, but this feature is unrelated to the Windows feature and is much less troublesome.) The Windows Fast Startup feature turns shutdown operations into suspend-to-disk operations in order to speed up subsequent boots. This practice, though, causes filesystem damage to shared partitions in dual-boot scenarios. The ESP is a shared partition, so Fast Startup can cause damage to this partition. Symptoms include an assortment of boot problems, including a failure to launch GRUB, a failure of GRUB's configuration scripts to detect Windows, and an inability of GRUB to launch Windows even if a Windows entry appears in its menu. Similar problems can occur with rEFInd. Even if you don't run into these problems, you should disable Fast Startup, as described in the link at the top of this paragraph. If you do run into these problems, you should disable Fast Startup, and if you use GRUB, you may need to type sudo update-grub to have it update its menu after you've disabled Fast Startup.

Note that in Windows 10, it's often necessary to disable Hibernate, in addition to Fast Startup. AFAIK, this is not required with Windows 8.

EDIT:

Normally, rEFInd should show a graphical UI. If it can't read any icons, though, it drops back to a text-mode display like the one you've shown. Thus, I suspect that rEFInd is unable to read its icons -- and probably not its filesystem drivers, either; if it could read the drivers, you'd probably see an entry to launch your Linux kernel directly. Did you use the CD-R or USB flash drive image, and how did you prepare your boot medium from the image? It could be there was a problem with the way you did this, or the filesystem might have been damaged or be in some way unappetizing to your particular firmware.

As a workaround, try downloading the .zip file and, in Linux, do this:

Prepare a USB flash drive with a fresh FAT filesystem. (You can start with something you've got on hand or partition a USB drive with GParted or some other tool. Try to make it a disk-spanning partition.) It's best if it use the GUID Partition Table (GPT) and the FAT partition be marked as an ESP (gdisk type code EF00 or a "boot flag" set in GParted or parted); but it will probably work if it uses MBR and is not marked as an ESP.
Unpack the rEFInd .zip file and cd into the resulting directory
Type sudo ./refind-install --usedefault /dev/sdd1 --alldrivers, changing /dev/sdd1 to the device filename for your USB flash drive's FAT partition. This should create a fresh rEFInd install on the disk with all the necessary files.

You should be able to boot with this disk. If it still doesn't work, then something very odd is going on. You might try changing the partition table format on the USB disk (use MBR instead of GPT, or vice-versa).

Of course, you could also try the Boot Repair approach instead of trying to get rEFInd to work.


Ubuntu: OpenJDK 8 - Unable to locate package

The ppa you linked is for the Closed JDK from Oracle.  You can view the contents of the PPA here - https://launchpad.net/~webupd8team/+archive/ubuntu/java

You can install that like

sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

Currently it doesn't look like any OpenJDK 8 packages are built in 14.04.  Please update your question with the version of Ubuntu you are running.  I assume you are running 14.04 because 14.10 and later have 8.

UPDATE : You could install it with this PPA it appears - https://launchpad.net/~openjdk-r/+archive/ubuntu/ppa

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk
sudo update-alternatives --config java
sudo update-alternatives --config javac

Alternatively if you don't want to use a PPA for this you could upgrade to 14.10.  It does have it in the repositories.


How to resize /usr and /root directories on Ubuntu via terminal?

You can't resize partitions while there are mounted. This said you can extend them if they are using lvm.

If you are not using lvm, best is to boot on a livecd or usb and use gparted or parted tool if you prefer the command line.

By the way, nowadays the usual fashion to partition system is /, /home, swap.
/ at 20G is enough for most of people, swap the size of RAM and everything else in /home.


Try this:
Start in text-only mode

Switch on your computer. Wait until the BIOS has finished loading, and press and hold Shift, which will bring up the Grub menu.

Select the line which starts with Advanced options.

Select the line ending with (recovery mode)

Press Return and your machine will begin the boot process.

After a few moments, your PC should display a menu with a number of options, including Drop to root shell prompt. Press Return with this option highlighted.

The PC will start in a terminal.

Run these commands:

Mount partitions in read-write mode

mount -o remount,rw /
mount --all

Update repositories

apt-get update

Install aptitude and deborphan

apt-get install --reinstall aptitude deborphan

Eliminate the components of gnome that are not necessary in Ubuntu

aptitude remove '?and(?reverse-depends(gnome),?not(?reverse-depends(?exact-name(ubuntu-desktop))))'

Reinstall ubuntu-desktop

apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

Eliminate orphan packages

deborphan
apt-get --purge remove $(deborphan)
deborphan --libdevel
apt-get --purge remove $(deborphan --libdevel)
deborphan --find-config
dpkg --purge $(deborphan --find-config)

Remove unnecessary packages

apt-get autoremove

Remove downloaded packages

apt-get clean

Restart system

reboot


Attempting to Ubunutu to Active Directory, sssd.service failed

sssd doesn't log much by default. You need to increase the debug_level in the [sssd] section to see more verbose logs at /var/log/sssd.


Been a while. Turns out I have a wubi installation. I generally attribute all my issues to this and have stopped using it.


First, please place your image in ~/.kde/share/icons, creating the icons folder if need be.  (To be on the safe side, please use lowercase for the image name and avoid spaces).

Then, as shown in the image above, you need to type or paste in the entire path and filename like

/home/rundekugel/.kde/share/icons/mysignature.png

assuming that your username is rundekugel and that mysignature.png is the relevant image.

This is a recognized usability issue in Okular version 1.3.3 that ships in Bionic and is being addressed in Make custom stamp image support more discoverable.


netinfo seems to be in the package openafs-client. You should be able to install it from the  Software Center.


Headphones don't work on Dell Studio XPS 16 with Ubuntu 12.10

Try doing the mute button and then push it again. This happens to me too. That should work ,I think.


Usb modem network disconnects and when I reconnect I have no internet access

I was looking for solution of similar problem. My usb 3G modem was disconnecting and connecting all over again and again, sometimes successfully, sometimes not. Working on Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS, but had the same issue on 18.04.
Solution in my case was to change IOMMU settings in UEFI bios to "disabled". This is specific to UEFI bios motherboard types as far as I know.
My motherboard: Gigabyte 970A-DS3P.
Also, I use Modem Manager GUI to control usb modem connection.

Modem:

HSDPA USB Modem 29 (listed in GUI Manager)
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. E161/E169/E620/E800 HSDPA Modem (listed
by running lsusb in bash terminal).


I just succeeded in updating the firmware of my Samsung 840 SSD. I used a libvirt-bin kvm, installing Windows 7 into a 16Gib virtual disk. I plugged in a USB drive, and used the virt-manager to give it to the vm running Windows 7. I installed the Samsung software, and had it make a bootable USB drive. I rebooted the laptop with that USB drive, and it updated the firmware with no problems.

I have asked Samsung to please provide USB bootable images for Linux users who don't have access to Windows 7... Perhaps if they hear it enough times, they'll do it.


As you probably know, Ubuntu (as most Linux distributions) are made up out of many packages. When you install a distribution, not every package available is installed, but a certain selection of packages.
The different "flavours" of Ubuntu (Xubuntu, Kubuntu, Lubuntu and others) basically differ in what that initial selection of packages contains. Ubuntu by default installs for example the Gnome Shell desktop environment, Kubuntu installs the KDE desktop environment and so forth.
But once you've installed the distribution, you can basically "mix and match" like you did when you installed the xubuntu-desktop package. Now, your system offers you multiple desktop environments or window managers to choose from when you log in.
As for what your system technically is, it's an Ubuntu system with some additional packages installed that would by default be installed on a Xubuntu system. What exactly to call that is in the eyes of the beholder ;)


Is it safe to use Grub on an existing Win10 Machine?

There is always a slight risk when dealing with partitions on a disk, and there is always that risk that you could corrupt your drive.

However, it will most likely work fine. The 15.04 installer has an Install alongside Windows option built-in, which means you may not even need to mess around with partition tables:

If you don't want to risk anything, I would suggest booting the CD/DVD/USB and using Try Ubuntu and see if you're happy with it before installing.

So in summary: YES there are dangers, but if you don't do anything, you cannot do anything wrong either (nor anything right).


NVidia driver, normal boot results in blank screen, recovery boot works fine

This could be fixed by adding the nomodeset value to the grub boot options. To do so open the file:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

then look for the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

The quiet splash options may or may not be there, and there may be additional options, don't touch those and add to the end of it nomodeset

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"

Save the file and exit gedit, then update grub's configuration in the following way:

sudo update-grub

Source: happened to me


Why can't I install the nvidia proprietary driver on Ubuntu 18?

Because the nVidia proprietary driver is not in the standard repositories so you'd eed to:

Download the proprietary drivers From the nVIDIA web site (latest driver for the RTX 6000 at the time of this writing)
OR
Enable a PPA that has this driver
and then:
install the driver according to the method you used above:

when downloading from nVIDIA
sudo apt install nvidia-xxx where xxx is the driver number you need (430 at the time of this writing)


How to write literal \n in a file as text from the terminal?

Way 1: Escape instances of \ that you don't want to escape other characters.

Based on the contents of your string, you probably want:

echo -e 'writes (>> appends) in note.txt this text\non 2 lines (with "-e" and "\\n" help)' >> note.txt

The text this appends to note.txt is:

writes (>> appends) in note.txt this text
on 2 lines (with "-e" and "\n" help)

The changes are:

You had /n where it looked like you wanted a line break. So I changed that to \n.
In the text with "-e" and "\n", the \ is intended to be printed literally rather than to combine with the n following it and produce a newline. So I quoted (escaped) \ with another \. If \n produces a new line, \\n produces \n.
I replaced the outer double quotes (") with single quotes ('). You wanted the " characters around -e and \n to be printed literally, but instead they ended and restarted quoting, preventing them from being printed and causing \n to actually be printed as n (because an unquoted \n is processed before being passed to echo). An alternative solution would have been to write \" for the inside " characters. But there was no reason to enclose the whole thing in double quotes--single quotes are usually preferable in cases where either can be used.

The other change--which was not a change in the final command but was a change I made just while working on it--was that I removed the >> note.txt redirection until I knew I had the command right. By sending output to the terminal, I was immediately able to see what the effect was. I re-added the redirection when I was done.

That's stylistically closest to what you already had, but it's not the only way to do it.

Way 2: Separate echo commands for separate lines, instead of using -e.

Since the only sequence you want treated specially by echo is the \n (between text and on), you can just use two separate echo commands and (as muru may be suggesting) not use -e.

Here are two ways of redirecting the output of multiple commands:

Two separate redirections, one for each command.

echo 'writes (>> appends) in note.txt this text' >> note.txt
echo 'on 2 lines (with "-e" and "\n" help)' >> note.txt

If the filename is long or you're writing a script and only want to have to change it in one place, you can assign it to a variable:

out="/home/ek/Documents/long name that can have spaces as it's quoted/note.txt"
echo 'writes (>> appends) in note.txt this text' >> "$out"
echo 'on 2 lines (with "-e" and "\n" help)' >> "$out"

A single redirection applied to a compound command composed of the two commands.

{
    echo 'writes (>> appends) in note.txt this text'
    echo 'on 2 lines (with "-e" and "\n" help)'
} >> note.txt

You can put that on one line if you like, but if there's no newline before the closing brace (}), a semicolon (;) must precede it:

{ echo 'writes (>> appends) in note.txt this text'; echo 'on 2 lines (with "-e" and "\n" help)'; } >> note.txt

Way 3: Pass a literal \n to echo instead of using -e.

Real newlines can appear inside quotes (single or double) and are interpreted literally:

echo 'writes (>> appends) in note.txt this text
on 2 lines (with "-e" and "\n" help)' >> note.txt

Because the first line ends inside quotes, the shell doesn't take it as the end of the command, but instead continues reading.

If you do want to fit it on a single line, you can use $'\n', which expands to a newline. This is expanded by the shell before being passed to the echo command, so it should not be quoted.

echo 'writes (>> appends) in note.txt this text'$'\n''on 2 lines (with "-e" and "\n" help)' >> note.txt

Way 4: Use printf

printf is very powerful; there are a number of ways you could use it to solve this problem. Since I am presenting this as a distinct solution from the others, here's a good way to use it in a way you cannot use echo:

printf '%s\n%s\n' 'writes (>> appends) in note.txt this text' 'on 2 lines (with "-e" and "\n" help)' >> note.txt

The general syntax for printf is printf format args... (where args... means zero or more additional command-line arguments). The format string above, %s\n%s\n, means:

%s: consume and print the next unused (i.e., first) argument in args... (i.e., your 1st line).
\n: print a newline.
%s: consume and print the next unused (i.e., second) argument in  args... (i.e., your 2nd line).
\n: print a newline.

When there are more arguments after the format string than the format string calls for, the printf command starts over from the beginning of the format string. Thus, while less self-documenting, you could actually write just '%s\n' (instead of '%s\n%s\n') for the format string, and it would produce the same output in this case.

I will not attempt to broadly document printf here. Instead, see:

The output of help printf.
The printf subsection of 4.2 Bash Builtin Commands in the bash reference manual.
This manual page, documenting the standard printf command (which bash slightly extends).
The printf() function in the standard C library, which the printf command is based on, and which is referred to explicitly in the above resources. Documentation on it, such as this page, is both more thorough and more accessible than most sources on the printf command. And the format string syntax is very similar.

Way 5: Use cat and a here document.

This way is especially valuable when there's a lot of input, and when scripting. If you're using the shell interactively rather than writing a script, you can use this, but please consider Way 6 below first.

While echo and printf print text based on the contents of their command-line arguments, cat prints the contents of its input files (as specified on the command line) or, if given none (or passed -), its standard input.

With no redirections, standard input is what you type on a program's controlling terminal. Here documents are a special kind of redirection. Lines are collected until a specified keyword (I've used EOF) appears by itself on a line. Then the lines up to but not including EOF (or whatever you used) are given as standard input to the command being run.

cat >> note.txt << EOF
writes (>> appends) in note.txt this text
on 2 lines (with "-e" and "\n" help)
EOF

One of the differences between quoting with " and ' is that most expansions and substitutions with $ (e.g., $varname) are performed in double quotes, but none are in single quotes. There are also two ways to use here documents, based on whether $ (and also ` and \) are to be given special meaning or treated literally.

In this case, it doesn't matter--$ and ` don't appear, and \ is only treated specially in a here document when it escapes a shell metacharacter (not n). Just as in single and double quoted expressions, both ways treat \n literally. (Remember, you had to use a special feature of echo, turned on by -e, to get \n treated specially.)

But so you know for other applications:

The way shown above will perform expansions and substitutions, treating $, `, and \ specially when they appear in a context where their special meaning applies.
To cause all text to be treated literally, quote all or part of the word appearing to the right of << with ', ", \, or a combination thereof (e.g., cat >> note.txt << 'EOF').

Way 6: Use cat without any input redirection.

If you're using the shell interactively, by default the shell's standard input is taken from your terminal. When you then run a program, by default that program's standard input is taken from your terminal too. (This may be changed by input redirections, of course.)

So if you're running a command interactively and want to use cat with >> or > output redirection to send data to a file, you don't need any input redirection. Just enter:

cat >> note.txt
writes (>> appends) in note.txt this text
on 2 lines (with "-e" and "\n" help)
^D

In place of ^D, don't enter a literal ^D. Instead, press Ctrl+D. That signals to your terminal that it should report end of file (i.e., that when the running program asks for more input, it is told that there is none left, just as if it had reached the end of a regular file stored on disk). When cat sees there's no more input, it exits, and you are returned to the shell.

If you're writing a script, Way 6 will not work, because bash reads commands from a file but standard input is still (typically) a something else, such as your terminal.

One notable difference between using cat with a here document and using cat with no input redirection, even when standard input is your terminal, is that:

cat >> note.txt writes one line at a time to note.txt. Each time you press Enter, a line is written to note.txt.
cat >> note.txt << EOF takes all input up to the EOF line, then appends it to note.txt. If you interrupt the input by pressing Ctrl+C, nothing is written (and if note.txt didn't exist already, it is not even created).