How do I get the ath9k driver of backports-3.12-8 installed on Xubuntu 13.10?

For those who might stumble across this question, like I just did:

  This leaves me with following "missing-prototypes ERROR":

cc -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer   -c -o conf.o conf.c
cc -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer   -c -o zconf.tab.o zconf.tab.c
cc   conf.o zconf.tab.o   -o conf

These lines aren't actually errors. The make command runs a bunch of other commands, as specified in a file called Makefile. By default, make will write out these commands to the terminal before running them. For example, if Makefile says to run foo then bar then baz, make will write foo to the terminal then run the foo command; then it will write bar to the terminal and run bar; then it will write baz to the terminal and run baz.

In this case, those cc lines are commands that make has been told to run by Makefile. The cc command will run the system's default C compiler, which is probably GCC. Those things beginning with - are options, which affect the behaviour of the C compiler.

For compilers like GCC, options beginning with -W tell the compiler to give out warnings when it sees code that's technically valid, but is often a bad idea (e.g. some pattern in the code which many programmers think will act in some way, but will actually act in another).

In this case -Wall turns on many (not quite all!) of GCC's warnings. -Wmissing-prototypes and -Wstrict-prototypes turn on extra warnings, to spot problems relating to C's function prototype feature.

Hence, these messages are really telling us that the cc command is about to be run, and that (among other things) it should warn us if it thinks the code is dodgy; in particular, if function prototypes are being misused.

GCC warnings look something like this:

main.c: In function ‘main’:
main.c:1:5: warning: traditional C rejects ISO C style function definitions [-Wtraditional]
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     ^

Since nothing like that appears in your output, no warnings or errors occurred; even with these extra -W checks enabled.


Permanently Disable Touchpad - Lubuntu 16.04

I believe so. You'll have to use a few commands and make a startup script, but you know the former and the latter isn't hard to do.

First, run xinput list. Your output should be similar to the following:

zachary@MCServer:~$ xinput list
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]

If you  can, unplug your mouse beforehand.

Now you need to find the ID of the trackpad. Use the main ID (not the one that's indented under a main item) for now. If it turns out that the main item covers both the mouse and touchpad, choose the corresponding sub-ID.

Now you need to run

xinput set-prop DEVICEID "Device Enabled" 0

For example, if I wanted to disable my mouse, I'd use 2 for DEVICEID.

Plug in your mouse and make sure it works and the touchpad doesn't. If the mouse doesn't work, then run

xinput set-prop DEVICEID "Device Enabled" 1

and run the first command again with the sub-ID instead.

To make this apply on startup, you need to make it a startup command. Open Startup Applications (or the equivalent on your desktop environment) and add the first command.

Alternatively, you could just disconnect the trackpad internally.


13.10 BCM4313 network problems after update

Please try:

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo modprobe -rv wl
sudo modprobe -v brcmsmac

if there are any errors please continue with the commands then reboot. your wireless should be working now.


ufw before.rules file blank, does this impact setting up VPN server?

If you'll reread that step in my answer to that question, you'll  notice it says "add the following either at the beginning of /etc/ufw/before.rules" in that step.  It also says after that "or just before the *filter rules".

Since there are no rules, follow the first part of that step, and just put the rules into that file, right at the beginning of the file, whether it's blank or not.  That should then work.  (Note, I had to tweak the rules for my iptables setup, since I don't use ufw, however, you can just add the rules to the file like that step says in that guide and then save the file)


Fixing grub menu after migrating wubi to partition

The Wubi migration will only ever install the Grub bootloader on the drive you are migrating to. In this case /dev/sdb. It does this to make things simpler (and I believe it's the safest option). So the easiest way to boot the migrated install is to set /dev/sdb to boot first in the BIOS options.

The way Wubi boots - and the way you are booting right now - is from the Windows Boot Manager (BCD store), wubildr.mbr (in the \ubuntu\winboot directory), then wubildr (C:\wubildr), then the grub.cfg from inside the Wubi install (the root.disk). This is where you are booting your migrated install from. If you uninstall Wubi ALL these things will be removed (not the Windows Boot Manager but it won't show, because the Wubi entry is deleted).

So you cannot boot the migrated install with the Wubi boot method after getting rid of Wubi. You can instead install grub to the migrated partition and use easyBCD to do it. But personally I wouldn't recommend this. If you have to boot from the drive containing windows (in your case /dev/sda) instead do this:

Boot the migrated install
Install grub to the MBR. Assuming the drive you boot from is /dev/sda you would run: sudo grub-install /dev/sda
Change the boot order so Windows is first.

Code:

sudo mv /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober /etc/grub.d/09_os-prober
sudo update-grub

These last commands just change the order in which Grub generates the menu entries, placing the Windows entry (generated out of 30_os-prober) first.

PS. since you have already tweaked your grub menu on the migrated install, you probably just have to install Grub to /dev/sda to get things to work right and can leave the grub scripts alone.


Stuck on "sending 'userdata' (137526 KB)..."

I just had the same issue, it even got stuck on the same number of KB. Additionally, I could not use the volume buttons to navigate in the bootloader.

I ended up powering off the device by long-pressing the power button, and the device booted succesfully into android.

foo@bar:~/nexus/nakasi-jdq40$ ./flash-all.sh
...
(bootloader) Bootloader is already unlocked
OKAY [  0.020s]
finished. total time: 0.020s
erasing 'boot'...
OKAY [  0.020s]
finished. total time: 0.020s
******** Did you mean to fastboot format this partition?
erasing 'cache'...
OKAY [  0.047s]
finished. total time: 0.047s
erasing 'recovery'...
OKAY [  0.021s]
finished. total time: 0.021s
******** Did you mean to fastboot format this partition?
erasing 'system'...
OKAY [  0.078s]
finished. total time: 0.078s
******** Did you mean to fastboot format this partition?
erasing 'userdata'...
OKAY [  1.020s]
finished. total time: 1.020s
sending 'bootloader' (2096 KB)...
OKAY [  0.322s]
writing 'bootloader'...
OKAY [  0.708s]
finished. total time: 1.030s
rebooting into bootloader...
OKAY [  0.020s]
finished. total time: 0.020s
archive does not contain 'boot.sig'
archive does not contain 'recovery.sig'
archive does not contain 'system.sig'
--------------------------------------------
Bootloader Version...: 4.18
Baseband Version.....: N/A
Serial Number........: 015d257880240209
--------------------------------------------
checking product...
OKAY [  0.030s]
checking version-bootloader...
OKAY [  0.020s]
sending 'boot' (4944 KB)...
OKAY [  0.753s]
writing 'boot'...
OKAY [  0.183s]
sending 'recovery' (5446 KB)...
OKAY [  0.834s]
writing 'recovery'...
OKAY [  0.194s]
erasing 'system'...
OKAY [  0.056s]
sending 'system' (471804 KB)...
OKAY [ 70.500s]
writing 'system'...
OKAY [ 23.343s]
erasing 'userdata'...
OKAY [  0.955s]
formatting 'userdata' partition...
Creating filesystem with parameters:
    Size: 14442037248
    Block size: 4096
    Blocks per group: 32768
    Inodes per group: 8176
    Inode size: 256
    Journal blocks: 32768
    Label:
    Blocks: 3525888
    Block groups: 108
    Reserved block group size: 863
Created filesystem with 11/883008 inodes and 96825/3525888 blocks
sending 'userdata' (137526 KB)...

and after the power-off:

FAILED (data transfer failure (Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown))
finished. total time: 502.554s


First I would start by testing with echo and piping that into sed, than using a real file. Secondly, you can use a {n} in the extended regex model to denote multiples and limits.

You were pretty much there but your regex expected a leading space.

$ echo 'cheese . . . muffins' | sed -r 's/(\s?\.){3}/ dot dot dot/g'
cheese dot dot dot muffins

Note the \s? is still greedy enough to ruin the output, so I've added a space to the output. You might not want that. I've also made the space optional, so it'll match all of the following:

...
. ..
.. .
. . .
 . . .

Just remove the optional ? flag.

Given your problem with unicode (in the comments) you can force the data to its ASCII equivalence with iconv and then sed it:

$ iconv -f utf-8 -t ascii//translit sed-dots | sed -r 's/(\s?\.){3}/ dot dot dot/g'
Lorem ipsum dot dot dot
Some dot dot dot more text


Will a Ruby installation installed by a package manager conflict with one installed with RVM?

RVM allows you to install multiple versions of rubies and manage switching between them without the risk of conflicts between them.

To use any rvm build ruby:

rvm use 1.9.3

For getting back to system installed ruby:

rvm use system

This is equivalent to rvm reset which means - stop using any rvm installed ruby.

You can also tell rvm to "mount" system ruby, which will allow you creating gemsets with it:

rvm automount # OR:
rvm mount /path/to/ruby


"Sub-process gzip returned an error code (1)", how to fix?

Open your terminal ,and type this

sudo apt-get install --reinstall apt-utils

then try again.


A lot of questions, here’s some quick answers.

Your computer will boot the drive you tell it to. You set that in the BIOS/UEFI. In Ubuntu if you use the lsblk command in a terminal it will show you which EFI is mounted. That’s the one being used.
It’s perfectly ok to have two EFI partitions but only one on each disk.
If you check your BIOS/UEFI and determine which EFI partition is being used it might be possible to delete the other one but I wouldn’t recommend it. With a EFI partition on both drives you have a chance of booting the other disk if one fails.

To make more space for your Ubuntu partition do the following:

Backup any data you cannot afford to lose
Using Windows disk manager shrink your data partition
Boot into a live environment, your Ubuntu install media is fine for this
Using GParted move the small EFI partition all the way to the left. Apply the change
Using GParted expand your Ubuntu partition into the space created. Apply the change and reboot.

Good luck


Trying to install ubuntu on a Lenovo ideapad 320. Install stops at "grub2" Installation

I had the same problem.  I solved it by booting into BIOS settings and then changing the boot settings to legacy and rebooting into the ubuntu usb from bios not uefi.   Solved....BAM!!!!  No hangups.


Where can I find the source code of Quickly?

Perhaps, you can try taking a look at the source code of quickly. To do that, run the following command in a terminal:

apt-get source quickly

For the command to work, you need to have enabled Source code in the software-properties-gtk.


Ubuntu 12.04 is End-Of-life and is not supported anymore.

You should upgrade to 16.04 (unless your system is running legacy code which can't run on 12.04)

Once you'll upgrade your Ubuntu to 16.04, you'll get newest version of gzip

Version 1.6 is the current version on 16.04

$ gzip --version
gzip 1.6
Copyright (C) 2007, 2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copyright (C) 1993 Jean-loup Gailly.

How to upgrade to to 16.04 LTS


1. Why you cannot disable this Dash animation in Unity 12.04

Unfortunately, the fade/opacity animation and associated times are hard-coded in the Unity source code.
The actual code may be found in unity-5.12/plugins/unityshell/src/ShortcutController.cpp (this is what you would have to modify and recompile to get rid of the animations)
Some sample lines from this file demonstrating the hard-coding of the animation when you use the Super key to launch the Dash:

30:const unsigned int SUPER_TAP_DURATION = 650;
31:const unsigned int FADE_DURATION = 100;
39:  , fade_in_animator_(FADE_DURATION)
40:  , fade_out_animator_(FADE_DURATION)
65:  fade_in_animator_.animation_updated.connect(sigc::mem_fun(this, &Controller::OnFadeInUpdated));
66:  fade_in_animator_.animation_ended.connect(sigc::mem_fun(this, &Controller::OnFadeInEnded));
67:  fade_out_animator_.animation_updated.connect(sigc::mem_fun(this, &Controller::OnFadeOutUpdated));
68:  fade_out_animator_.animation_ended.connect(sigc::mem_fun(this, &Controller::OnFadeOutEnded));
120:    show_timer_ = g_timeout_add(SUPER_TAP_DURATION, &Controller::OnShowTimer, this);
149:    self->fade_out_animator_.Stop();
150:    self->fade_in_animator_.Start(self->view_window_->GetOpacity());
213:    fade_in_animator_.Stop();
214:    fade_out_animator_.Start(1.0 - view_window_->GetOpacity());
244:  .add("timeout_duration", SUPER_TAP_DURATION + FADE_DURATION)
246:  .add("about_to_show", (Visible() && !fade_out_animator_.IsRunning() && view_window_ && view_window_->GetOpacity() != 1.0f))
247:  .add("about_to_hide", (Visible() && !fade_in_animator_.IsRunning() && view_window_ && view_window_->GetOpacity() != 1.0f))

Of course, you would have to patch this and rebuild with every new Unity update...
No amount of meddling with Compiz can change this because all of it is hard-coded outside of the Compiz plugin.

2. Alternative A: Switch to Ubuntu 2D

Ubuntu 2D has different Unity Shell code, and there, launching the dash via Super is instantaneous and does not animate anything.

3. Alternative B: Use a custom shortcut to launch the Dash by clicking on the Ubuntu Logo, thus bypassing the animation

We can exploit the fact that the opacity/fade animation does not happen when you launch the Dash via the "start" button, or, if your cursor is on/around the launcher bar, even if you press Super:

The animation will be delayed until your cursor actually moves inside the dash area.

xdotool allows automation of keyboard and mouse clicks/movements; install it with sudo apt-get install xdotool
Open Settings...Keyboard, and go to the Shortcuts tab. Create a custom shortcut, naming it whatever you want, and set the "Command"  to:

xdotool mousemove --sync 25 60 click 1 --delay 100  mousemove restore

You may need to adjust the coordinates (25 60) a little if your screen resolution is below 1024x768 or so.

Click Apply. The right-column will say "Disable", click on it and you'll see "New Accelerator": press your shortcut key combo. You cannot choose Super, even if you disable it in Compiz, because it is hard-captured by Unity. I chose Ctrl+Alt+Z since it's close to the Super key.
Now your shortcut should launch the Dash much, much faster.

Here's a Youtube video demo. The first few times (when the launcher on the left blurs and darkens) is with the SUPER key; then its with the custom xdotool shortcut (notice the launcher no longer animates and the dash appears faster)


Use a list of words to grep in an other list

I'd ignore grep for this one. It's good for regular expressions but it doesn't look like you really need that here. comm can compare two files and show you intersections. Using your exact examples:

$ comm -12 list.txt output.txt
a.1
b.1
etc

This is faster than any grep will be but it relies (heavily) on the files being sorted. If they aren't, you can pre-sort them but that will alter the output so it's sorted too.

comm -12 <(sort list.txt) <(sort output.txt)

Alternatively, this answer from iiSeymour will let you do it with grep. The flags ask for an input file and force a fixed-string, full-word search. This won't rely on order but will be based on the output.txt order. Reverse the files if you want them in the order of the list.txt.

$ grep -wFf list.txt output.txt
a.1
b.1
etc

If your list.txt is really big, you might have to tackle this a little more iteratively and pass each line to grep separately. This will massively increase processing time. In the above you'd be reading output.txt once, but this way you'd read and process it for every list.txt line. It's horrible... But it might be your only choice. On the upside, it does then sort things by the list.txt order.

$ while read line; do grep -wF "$line" output.txt; done < list.txt
a.1
b.1
etc


The problem was not in MediaWiki. It was in an email filter located on the receiving side. That filter catch emails sent by MediaWiki but not email sent by my simple PHP test script.

I was able to confirm MediaWiki correctly send the email by using TcpDump to capture network traffic on port 25 and look at the capture packets using WireShark.

To capture packets, I used to command line:

tcpdump -i ens33 -s 65535 -w mail.pcap port 25

ens33 is the name of the ethernet interface used for sending the mail.

The I can open mail.pcap using WireShark.

I have done two captures: one for my test mail script and one with a mail sent by MediaWiki using Special:EmailUser page. Then comparing the two captures showed that both emails were correctly sent. I then started to investigate at the receiving side to eventually find the offending email filtering rule.

I would like to thanks Alex and Wakalaka who helped me a lot commenting the same question I asked there: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42398213/mediawiki-doesnt-send-any-email

Regards


Will upgrading from 11.10 to 12.04 restore Unity?

The answer is: No, it will not reinstall Unity, it will just bring your packages up to date.


any built in switch for switching between IG and Discrete graphics for bumblebee

This is covered in the following article at the Steam Support website. The following link will take you to the article. "Optimus and Steam for Linux". It will still require some manual editing but you should be able to accomplish this through the Steam launcher. Optimus support is still in it's infancy but is steadily getting better. I was originally a long term Ubuntu user but switched to Arch Linux after failing to get Ubuntu to work correctly with my muxless Optimus laptop, Hope this helps.


unknown filesystem after partition change

Windows' partitioning tools have a tendency to convert from a standard Master Boot Record (MBR)  (aka basic disk) configuration to a Windows Logical Disk Manager (LDM) configuration atop MBR (aka dynamic disk) when asked to create partitions beyond four. In doing so, your setup, which probably started either with four primary partitions or three primary partitions plus some number of logical partitions, has been converted to a form that GRUB can't read -- or at the very least, that GRUB cannot read given its current configuration.

Although there are Linux tools to read LDM disks, I'm unaware of any official way to boot Ubuntu from such a disk. If you're lucky, you might find a recovery procedure that will enable you to use the disk as it is; however, the usual approach to fixing this problem is to undo the conversion to LDM. AFAIK, there are no Linux tools designed explicitly to do this. The safest approach is to use a Windows tool, such as the AOMEI disk converter or EaseUS Partition Manager. Note, however, that I've never used these tools for this purpose, so I can't say how well they work. Given the potentially catastrophic consequences of getting it wrong, I strongly recommend that you research these tools before using them, and create adequate backups of your installations, or at least your user data, before proceeding.

An alternative to converting the existing setup is to re-install everything from scratch. This, of course, will also require adequate backups of your personal data so you can restore the data when you're done.

In the future, you would be wise to keep Windows Partitioning Rule Number One in mind:

Windows Partitioning Rule #1: The standard Windows GUI partitioning tool is FLAKY and therefore DANGEROUS, particularly on MBR disks with extended/logical partitions. It's known to do unwanted conversions to an LDM setup and to modify primary/logical assignments in such a way as to put primary partitions in the middle of an extended partition, which is completely illegal and likely to cause data loss, particularly if you're unwary in the future.

In the future, I strongly recommend using Linux tools or third-party Windows tools for all your partitioning. About the only thing the standard Windows GUI tool is good for is shrinking an NTFS partition, which it may arguably be better at than Linux tools because NTFS is a proprietary filesystem, and GParted's support for shrinking NTFS is based on a reverse engineering of that filesystem. Even so, the risk of using the standard Windows tool is significant, particularly if you try creating a new partition in the space you've freed or if the disk already has logical partitions. (Note that the Windows tool doesn't even properly identify logical partitions as such; it claims they're primary.)


I just found out that Chrome Screen Shader plugin caused the problem on Ubuntu 16.04. I will need some time to confirm if there was the same root cause  for Ubuntu 18.04.


Simple answer: You can't!
The Ubuntu package maintainer did not bother installing the requirements for building this module, and thus it is not included, even though it's a core module. You may file a bug with Ubuntu, or you can check out the Apache Helpdesk PPA at https://launchpad.net/~apache-helpdesk and fetch a version of httpd with mod_lua included.


Better drivers for SiS 650/740 integrated video?

You can have a look here

http://www.winischhofer.net/linuxsisvga.shtml

The main problem is that SIS has a proprietary windows driver which enables 3D acceleration , but has not produced one for linux. Th linux driver basically makes your system usable nothing else.

Even if you are able to install the drivers from the above link, dont expect any drastic performance improvements as your chip is 10 years old.


Could be a BIOS setting error, Ubuntu iso got corrupted, or your machine is not 'Linux ready'. It is also possible that the kernel does not support the machine configurations.

Can you try provide your machine's configuration (such as processor, GPU) so the community could understand what went wrong?


Disabling Grub Bootloader on Ubuntu Installation

Ubuntu cannot install without GRUB. It is the bootloader, from their website:

Briefly, a boot loader is the first software program that runs when a
computer starts. It is responsible for loading and transferring
control to the operating system kernel software (such as the Hurd or
Linux). The kernel, in turn, initializes the rest of the operating
system (e.g. GNU).

What you can do, (source) is to physically remove the hard drive, then install Ubuntu on the external device. The next time you start your computer (with hard disk restored) you can enter Ubuntu through F9


Install deluge daemon through apt-get only?

You also need to start deluge-web. Or deluge-web --fork if you want the process to be started in the background. Then open a browser.

Go to http://localhost:8112

Password should be deluge.

If you want it started at boot time you need to folllow this.


Assuming you are posting this "after" upgrading, not while "upgrading", type "Software Sources" in the dash, and in the second tab in it, that reads "Other Software", uncheck the first line "cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.10 Quantal Quetzal ....(and so on)" and close and then do a sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get upgrade.


Installing via apt-get install always give "The HTTP server sent an invalid Content-Range header"

Try cleaning out the apt package cache with sudo apt-get clean, then try the install again.

Sources:

http://razcx.wordpress.com/2010/10/15/http-server-sent-an-invalid-content-range-header-during-ubuntu-upgrade/
http://perpetuallybored.com/2011/02/06/cryptic-error-messages-invalid-content-range-header/

May also be related:

https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apt/+question/154505


How to install LUbuntu 19.10 on an Atomic Pi?

Try going from the Ubuntu 19.10 vanilla server image, then installing via apt. Atomic pi has an intel chip so it will take the original amd64 image:

Install from here: https://ubuntu.com/download/server

Then:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get lubuntu-desktop

(On my atomic pi I use a super minimal install via the same process but using sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends lubuntu-desktop )

You can do the same thing for raspberry pi's just using the raspberry pi server armhf ubuntu 19.10 image rather than the amd64.


How to install Ubuntu Touch with a Windows computer?

As for OS X, you should install Virtualbox, and then install Saucy Salamander, and then, you can start your install of ubuntu touch from this virtualized Unix-ish environment.


Remapping Caps Lock to Escape in Ubuntu 18.04 bionic

Found an option by installing Gnome Tweaks.
sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

Then open Tweaks, and click:

Keyboard & Mouse -> Additional Layout Options -> Caps
Lock key behavior.

(On older versions of Ubuntu, you would need to install gnome-tweak-tool instead.)


Finding the name of a special key, and then where to change it's mapping (with xkb..)

So this is solved as follows:
command xev resulted in output that showed keycode 94 (keysym 0x5c, backslash) for the key I want to change.
Changing in one of the files in :/usr/share/X11/xkb/ is an option, but will be reverted on system updates, so I choose to just change it on statup of the system with xmodemap:
    xmodmap -e "keycode 94 = Shift_L"
I'll add that to a script for/at statup, obviously.


HP bs179tx Wifi not working on Ubuntu 14.04

The HP BS179TX laptop comes with Realtek WiFi Hardware. The
Network controller is Realtek Semiconductor RTL8723DE Device d723.

The linux driver for this device is not directly available.
But, according to the discussion "Realtek 8723DE wifi module" in HP Support Forum, the RTL8723DE officially supported driver is made available in the repo : rtlwifi-new git extended branch .

You can find the installation instructions here


Installed Android Studio successfully. I didn't get any shortcut to launch the Android Studio

The Easiest way is,
Run android studio from terminal then click on Tools-Create Desktop Entry. Now you will get Android Studio icon to launch it directly.
To show this icon in left dock search Android studio and drag and drop


Without the user filter, the output does list all print jobs, including completed ones:
# lpstat -W all -u
Brother-1  unknown  70606  2020-10-26T11:46:15 UTC

cups does not publish the print jobs owners name, hence filtering by the name does not work.


Running Ubuntu on Lenovo Thinkpad X1 Carbon gen7

Got an X1 Carbon G7 and using Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa.
Loving the laptop inside out, weight, performance and build quality is fantastic.

Have issues with Microphone not detected, Function keys and couple other tweaks that I had to do along the way in order for it to work. I have got a touch screen, due to this battery life is below par. Not an issue for me but something to consider. Thinking of installing tlp to increase battery life.

Though it's certified preinstall but not in my case. Though I have read many posts of similar models working just out of the box.

I must say you have to spend some time in order for it to work, I just love the laptop but you know you're lucky if thing works out of the box for you.

Good luck.


Robustness of Automatic updates against crashes

It depends where in the process it crashed.

In the next boot run

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

If there's any problem APT will tell you in an error message. Follow the instruction given in the same message.


Copying desktop installed ubuntu to usb drive with all settings and programs

You can use Clonezilla, FSArchiver, or dd, if the installation partition is not too large.


I can recommend to install Python-CURL binding with APT:

sudo apt install python-pycurl

If you really need to install it from pip, then you should install curl development package first (to have curl-config installed):

 sudo apt install libcurl4-gnutls-dev


Ability to lock computer for productivity

You can try to adapt existing application named WorkRave for your needs.
Its original purpose is

Repetitive Strain Injury prevention tool

but it provides functionality to set time intervals and warnings.
You can install it as normal package from the repository:
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install workrave


How to deal with "'normal.mod' not found" in grub rescue?

From yesterday's question:

According to the screenshot shared by you:

You have three partitions on your hard-drive, presumably:

/dev/sda1
/dev/sda2
/dev/sda3

Now, according to the outputs of the ls command it is clear that:

/dev/sda1 is not an EXT file system.
/dev/sda2 is also not an EXT file system.
Though, /dev/sda3 is an EXT file system for some reasons there is /boot folder in it.

Now, according to today's output:

/dev/sda3 is your home partition. It means that during your last installation of Ubuntu you created a separate partition for home and as such all your data is safe. Also, this means that for some unknown reasons your Ubuntu partition got corrupted while still in use.

SOLUTION:

There is only one solution to this - a new installation of Ubuntu.

But, do not worry as most of your data is still safe as your home partition is still intact. The only things you will loose are the installed softwares and your username, password and other minor things which you can install easily after a fresh install.

P.S.: When you will do a fresh install, the part when you are asked about partition, choose 'Something else' and then choose /dev/sda3 as your home partition and everything should be alright.


Not many commands can achieve this without any headache. One of the successful, that I know of, is xdotool and even this is somewhat debatable. So you can extend the shortcut to this line:

nautilus -w --browser /home & xdotool search --sync --onlyvisible --class nautilus windowactivate


That package is for 32-bits systems. You're not having that problem, because you do not get a warning about "Wrong ELF class".
That package was released 12 April 2007 (according to their download page and subversion repository).
I suspect that the module was built for Apache 2.0.x and not 2.2.x. The next Apache version after 12 April 2007 is Apache 2.2.6 and 2.0.61.

Instructions for building it from source:

Install some requirements:

sudo apt-get install subversion build-essential apache2-threaded-dev mlton smlnj bison flex

Download the source tree for that version (about 25MB download size, 60MB disk space used after download):

svn co https://mlkit.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/mlkit/tags/mlkit-4.3.2/kit mlkit-4.3.2

Start with a prerequisite: mlkit. Run the below commands:

cd mlkit-4.3.2
./autobuild

If you do not have a previous mlkit install, run:

./configure
make nj

For some reason, the above steps fails on my machines (64-bit Natty and 32-bit Lucid). The message is:

Error: GenOpcodes.sml 20.60.
  Function applied to incorrect argument.
    expects: [<equality>] * [<equality>]
    but got: [<non-equality>] * [<non-equality>]
    in: = (OS.Process.system ("mv " ^ sou  ...   OS.Process.success)

If it fails for you too, do not continue.
If you do have a mlkit install, run:

./configure --with-compiler=mlkit
make mlkit

If the previous step completed without fatal errors, continue running the next commands:

make bootstrap
make mlkit_libs

Install to /usr/local:

sudo make install

Next, the SML server:

./configure --enable-SMLserver --with-apxs="$(which apxs2)" --with-compiler="$(which mlkit)"
make smlserver
make smlserver_libs

Install the library:

sudo make install_smlserver
sudo cp /usr/local/lib/smlserver/lib/mod_sml.so /usr/lib/apache2/modules/
echo "LoadModule sml_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_sml.so" | sudo tee /etc/apache2/mods-available/sml.load

Create the file /etc/apache2/mods-available/sml.conf with the following content:

<IfModule mod_sml.c>
  AddHandler sml-module .sml
  SmlPrjId "web"
  SmlPath "/home/mael/web/www/"
  SmlInitScript "/home/mael/web/www/../web_sys/init.sml"
</IfModule>
#<Directory /home/mael/web/www/web/secret>
#  SetHandler None
#  RewriteEngine On
#  RewriteBase /web/secret
#  RewriteRule .* pub.sml
#</Directory>

Enable the module and restart the server:

sudo ln -sf /etc/apache2/mods-available/sml.conf /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/sml.conf
sudo ln -sf /etc/apache2/mods-available/sml.load /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/sml.load
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

This guide was compiled from:

https://mlkit.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/mlkit/tags/mlkit-4.3.2/kit/README
https://mlkit.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/mlkit/tags/mlkit-4.3.2/kit/README_SMLSERVER


Problem in removing a conda created environment

Conda creates folders for the environments under ~/miniconda3/envs/ by default. Try navigating to this folder and manually deleting the tensorflow-gpu folder then try again. (If you installed a different version of conda or put it in a different location, navigate to the appropriate location and delete the tensorflow-gpu folder in .../envs/.)
Sometimes I have the issue where conda doesn't quite remove everything and manually deleting the folder fixes it.


sudo update-grub

Did not work due, I have browsed some resources and it appeared that I did
not mount the ubuntu partition. I had also problems with mounting due to a lack
of correctly formated disk with the correct extension. I had to reinstall ubuntu
and it did the trick.

Thank you for your help.


Is it fine to remove ppa source list while the application is not removed?

If the application gets an update you won't get it automatically (or at least not when you do sudo apt-get upgrade) so in most of cases, no, is not fine, since you will not receive updates and security fixes, bug fixes, etc. You can do it, but is on your own risk.


recreate list of installed packages from mounted HD 11.10 into 12.04?

sudo dpkg --get-selections.

If you want these packages to be installed on 12.04, do the following

On your 11.10

sudo dpkg --get-selections "*" > packages

Transfer the file 'packages' to 12.04 and do

sudo apt-get update

sudo dpkg --set-selections < packages

sudo apt-get -u dselect-upgrade

You can refer to this : http://sosaysharis.wordpress.com/2012/05/02/upgrading-to-ubuntu-12-04-the-way-i-did-it/


Regarding Firefox

After visiting the Gnome Extension page you have to allow the plugin execution - otherwise your Gnome Session will not be recognized.

Therefor click on the plugin icon to the left of the Firefox addressbar and allow the execution.


Assuming that this is a new, fresh, empty, 3TB HDD, you first need to use gparted to lay down a fresh GPT Partition Table (this WILL wipe the disk), then create the desired size ext4 partition(s).

Update #1:

Bad Blocking

Note: do NOT abort a bad block scan!

Note: do NOT bad block a SSD

Note: backup your important files FIRST!

Note: this will take many hours

Note: you may have a pending HDD failure

Boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB.

In terminal...

sudo fdisk -l # identify all "Linux Filesystem" partitions

sudo e2fsck -fcky /dev/sdXX # read-only test

or

sudo e2fsck -fccky /dev/sdXX # non-destructive read/write test (recommended)

The -k is important, because it saves the previous bad block table, and adds any new bad blocks to that table. Without -k, you loose all of the prior bad block information.

The -fccky parameter...

   -f    Force checking even if the file system seems clean.

   -c    This option causes e2fsck to use badblocks(8) program  to  do  a
         read-only  scan  of  the device in order to find any bad blocks.
         If any bad blocks are found, they are added  to  the  bad  block
         inode  to  prevent them from being allocated to a file or direc‐
         tory.  If this option is specified twice,  then  the  bad  block
         scan will be done using a non-destructive read-write test.

   -k    When combined with the -c option, any existing bad blocks in the
         bad blocks list are preserved, and any new bad blocks  found  by
         running  badblocks(8)  will  be added to the existing bad blocks
         list.

   -y    Assume  an answer of `yes' to all questions; allows e2fsck to be
         used non-interactively.  This option may not be specified at the
         same time as the -n or -p options.


How to triple boot Windows XP with windows 10 and Ubuntu 15.10 already installed?

Well, there are a few different ways you can go about doing this, but the idea is to create a new partition on your primary hard drive, then install Windows XP to that partition. There are many partitioning tools, but GParted for Linux is free and works very well. There are many online resources that explain the ins and outs of GParted, so I won't provide a complete user manual here.

The partition you create for Windows XP should either be fat32 or NTFS. Once you have a working new partition, boot from the install disc / USB, or whatever contains your Windows XP Installation Image. When it asks you where you want to install Windows XP, select the new partition, and wait for the install to complete.

In theory, it should be as simple as that. Your BIOS should show as many bootable partitions as are active and available when you enter the boot device options menu.

Alternatively, you can reinstall your Ubuntu to a bootable USB drive, then have your two Windows installs on your primary. I have never heard of anyone installing Windows on a removable USB, but I'm sure there's a way. That being said, Linux is particularly portable-drive-friendly, so if you choose to use an external / portable drive, this would probably be the best configuration. In addition, this gives you a portable OS you can take anywhere and boot on almost any machine.

I hope this helps.


I recently found myself in the same situation. The answer is actually out there, but it's spread all over the internet

I had to do multiple different google searches( with multiple different keywords ) and go through dozens of different questions, on different forums, on the SAME TOPIC.

Finally, i was able to solve the problem, but had to go through a frustating process, this is very difficult for Linux Newbies, who like to play around with little or no knowledge( like me )

This was posted about a month ago and you probably solved it by now,

I'm gonna answer this anyways, It'll atleast make it easier for people who faces this very problem in the future:)

STEP 1 : getting acces to internet via ethernet cable

open your terminal and run this command

iwconfig

to find out the name of your ethernet device.
the output will look something like this...

wlp2s0f0  IEEE 802.11  ESSID:"LYF"
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.437 GHz  Access Point: DC:E8:38:61:A4:50
          Bit Rate=65 Mb/s   Tx-Power=20 dBm
          Retry short limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Power Management:on
          Link Quality=70/70  Signal level=-37 dBm
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:36  Invalid misc:76   Missed beacon:0

enp4s0    no wireless extensions.

lo        no wireless extensions.

in older versions of ubuntu, the wifi device will usually be named wlan0 and the eternet ( LAN cable ) will probably be named as eth0 ( or something like that )

but now, in 16.04 ( my ubuntu version ) the names are device specific. in my case they're wlp2s0f0 and enp4s0 for wifi and eternet decices, respectively.

run this command to get your eternet device up and running...

sudo dhclient enp4s0 up

you can check by running

curl www.google.com

if it didn't work then your'll get a resolution error,

if it did work then you'll get some html code, ( this is just to see if the connection is OK )

NOTE : if step 1 is UNsuccesfull, then skip to step 3

STEP 2 : re-installing wpasupplicant via apt-get

run the command

sudo apt-get install wpasupplicant

NOTE : if step 2 is succesfull, then you can skip step 3

STEP 3 : re-installing wpasupplicant manually ( if step 1 failed )

When you remove a certain package, you also remove all of it's dependencies and probably configuration files too ( is you "accidentally"  purged it )

I'm assuming that you have a debian based distro ( ubuntu is a debian based linux distro ),

if you do, then download the .deb files from here...

https://packages.debian.org/wheezy/wpasupplicant

you might also need another 2 files which are dependencies of wpasupplicant, you'll find them here...

https://packages.debian.org/wheezy/libengine-pkcs11-openssl

and here...

https://packages.debian.org/wheezy/libp11-2

after downloading them,

navigate to the folder where you downloaded them ( remember, all 3 files should be in the same folder ) and run

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

NOTE : if step 1 failed, then after step 3 you should be able to succesfully connect to the internet via the LAN cable

STEP 4 : putting the peices together

you're going to have to link all the components together, you can do that by,

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

this command will download and install any missing files ( such as network-manager, gnome-indicator, etc ) that might have also been accidentally removed.
also, it'll update all the packages to the latest version

STEP 5 : reboot for changes to take effect

run this command in the terminal

shutdown -r now

you should be able to connect to the internet via wifi and enternet after this.


Connect to an already open terminal over SSH

Creating this answer from the comments in case anyone needs it.

You can use the screen command to save terminal sessions that can be accessed at a later time. This keeps you from having to kill processes that may be attached to a terminal session. So one example of how this is useful is if you were going to start a huge data transfer. You can start a screen session, start transferring the data, go home and ssh to your work computer/server and access the session without the transfer being interrupted

sudo apt install screen

you can then run

screen -S <screen name> to create new screen session

screen -ls  list screen sessions

screen -r <screen name> attach to specific screen.

tmux is slowly replacing the screen command so I would recommend looking into that as well.


How to force restart of a dependent service in upstart?

The simple answer is no, but if the dependent service has start on conditions that satisfy your dependency, then it would work. In this case, it seems like you should be fine.


Chrome scrollbar is not visible, no yellow marker for ctrl + F search matches

The problem has been solved by going to chrome://flags/ and clicking the button labelled Reset all to defaults.

I am currently testing flag settings to reproduce the problem.

Update: The specific solution is to enable pinch virtual viewport by setting chrome://flags/#enable-pinch-virtual-viewport to Default or Enable.


How to run scp command without password from ubuntu to centOS machine

Since you can ssh to the server only with your key, you can scp with the key too - just make sure to point it with scp -i /path/to/private_key <source> <target>.

You can also use an ssh-agent program - you won't have to use the -i keyfile switch everytime (this applies for ssh too). Start it with:

ssh-agent bash
ssh-add -L #this lists the keys you have added (the public key)
ssh-add /path/to/private_key #this will add a key


The .desktop files for the Unity webapps are located in ~/.local/share/applications

e.g. ~/.local/share/applications/GMailmailgooglecom.desktop, which contains:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=GMail
Type=Application
Icon=GMail-mail.google.com
MimeType=
Actions=S0;S1;S2;S3;S4;S5;S6;S7;S8;S9;S10;
Exec=unity-webapps-runner -n 'R01haWwA' -d 'mail.google.com' %u%

There you can find the name for the icon, which on my system is stored in ~/.icons

e.g.  ~/.icons/GMail-mail.google.com.png

I guess it could be anywhere in the standard icon lookup path as well.


Try this repository.

Download
this
and
this
package then open terminal
and type
sudo dpkg -i
and drag and drop the file remastersys_3.0.5-1~trusty1_all.deb on the terminal, then press enter in terminal
provide your password.

After that is installed
sudo dpkg -i
and drag and drop on the terminal the file remastersys-gtk_3.0.5-1~trusty1_all.deb
provide your password
then in your menu you'll find Remastersys


Cannot load Windows 8 Following Ubuntu 14.04 Installation

Your problems are caused by an overzealous Boot Repair operation, which has resulted in GRUB being installed in place of the Windows boot loader. It may be possible to repair the damage by running Boot Repair again, entering the Advanced menu, and selecting the option to restore backed-up files. This should return the Windows files to their original locations, which should enable your new GRUB or the firmware's built-in boot manager to launch them. If that fails, you may need to use a Windows recovery disc to re-install the Windows boot loader.


I have the same processor. Have you tried nomodeset?

If you have an nvidia optimus machine like me probably nouveau is freezing the computer on boot.If that's the case you can try nouveau.modeset=0. In my case only this is needed.

Nvidia is hostile to free open source drivers and newer cards are very problematic with nouveau. After that you should be able to install the propietary drivers.


VirtualBox on Ubuntu 14.04 to run an existing Windows 7 Install

read the following link  , I think it may help you solving your issue

https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Migrate_Windows

and this is a workaround you may make use of it

http://www.sysprobs.com/physical-virtual-virtualbox-virtualbox-p2v


Past run commands still being displayed when opening new terminal

You need to check if you have any lines that mkdir within your ~/.bashrc file or ~/.profile file.


How to install acrobat reader 11 in ubuntu 12.04.1 using wine (32 bit system)

You can install it directly with out wine.Open your terminal and paste these lines.

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ precise partner"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install acroread

Credit Goes to Noobs lab adobe acrobat treader


Installing multiple jdk versions ubuntu 11.0

It turns out that, all I need to do is download the self extracting 32 bit jdk version package for ubuntu and install it in any location of choice which should be different from the one current 64 bit version is sitting (In my case I put it in /opt/jvm/). Below is a step by step explanation of what I did to make it work.

Download relevant 32 bit version of jdk (I used java jdk-6u32-linux-i586.bin) found here
make it executable by running the following command

chmod +x jdk-6u32-linux-i586.bin

extract this file by simply executing it (Remember it is self extracting). That is run the following command on terminal. (Make sure you are in the directory in which the file is stored).

./jdk-6u32-linux-i586.bin

Note: the contents will be extracted into directory(its name will be jdk1.6.0_32 in this case) which will be created in the current directory.
Copy the directory created in step 3 above into whatever location you want to install the jdk (in my case /opt/jvm). Note that you have to create jvm in opt if it is not yet created. See commands to use below.

sudo mkdir /opt/jvm
sudo cp -r jdk1.6.0_32

Edit /path-to-where-netbeans-is-installed/netbeans7.1/mobility/WTK2.5.2/bin/emulator and change the variable javapathtowtk  to point to newly installed jdk bin directory (that is in my case  it is as shown below).

 nano /home/willa/netbeans7.1/mobility/WTK2.5.2/bin/emulator

 #!/bin/sh
 javapathtowtk=/opt/jvm/jdk1.6.0_32/bin/

Save and exit. And voila enjoy you can now run your applications using WTK2.5.2 emulator.


Why can't I start Eclipse after I killed it once?

Eclipse creates a .lock file in the folder .metadata in your Workspace folder, e.g.:

~/workspace/.metadata

Remove the .lock file and Eclipse will start again

rm ~/workspace/.metadata/.lock


gimp - How to move between input using 'tab' keyboard button?

Yes you should be able to hit tab to move between controls (GIMP calls them widgets).
In older versions of GIMP you could configure this by going to

File / Preferences / Interface / Hotkeys / Dialogues / Jump to widget

In My GIMP 2.8 the option doesn't appear to be available - but when I hit tab the focus moves from one control to the next.

I would try going to

File / Preferences / Interface /
then select
Reset keyboard shortcuts to default values

And see if it restores tabbing for you


Having trouble getting 12.10 to work with my newly built PC. I think the problem is with the graphics

Phoronix  Lists what version of driver and open GL he used to test the same setup u have.  Its not much of an answer but might point u in a direction to get the answer you need.


You can install Ubuntu into the USB pendrive (install it like into an internal drive but to the USB pendrive - which works well in a fast USB 3 pendrive). It is possible to install the broadcom driver like into any installed system.

If you avoid proprietary drivers it will be very portable, but in this case you need the broadcom driver, which is proprietary. I suggest that you test if such a system can do what you want it to do.

Try Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, ...) before installing it


Make Ubuntu boot from a folder other than /

If you are wanting to use a guest OS and not have to set multiple partitions i would use Virtual Box or VMware.  This will create pretty much a virtual partition on your current one and encapsulate the OS and its contents inside a folder of its own.  As far as creating folders in an existing file system to store multiple os's goes, I don't believe this can be obtained.  Reason being is because you would have to boot to existing file system in order for folders/directories to be accessible in the first place.


How do I increase the width of the resizing area in Ubuntu 20.04?

Various workarounds posted to the other question you mentioned are still usable on Ubuntu 20.04 though.
For example, the workaround mentioned in the top scoring and the accepted answer still works in a sense:

The only difference is that on Ubuntu 20.04 the default window action key is Super (usually the key with the Windows logo) instead of Alt. So you can resize windows by pressing and holding down Super and then middle mouse click and drag.
You can also change your window action key to Alt using (GNOME) Tweaks. Launch Tweaks and change the key for the 'Window Action Key' option in the 'Windows' section.

Similarly, the Alt+F8 trick mentioned in this answer also works fine on Ubuntu 20.04 and so does the right-clicking on the title bar and selecting the 'Resize' from the context-menu trick as mentioned in another answer.


Problem has been solved by adding LDFLAGS="-lz" in apr-1-config file.


The best AutoCAD 2010 Ubuntu alternative?

In the free but commercial category, DraftSight is the only native software running on Ubuntu compatible with DWG files - it's 2D only (can view 3D files but not create them), sort of an equivalent to AutoCAD LT. Its native format is DWG v2010.

If you're willing to pay Bricscad is a lot more powerful, has ACIS modeling just like AutoCAD (Pro version) and its Platinum version has even parametric modeling. All that for a fraction of the price of an AutoCAD license.

But in any case, I'm not sure AutoCAD is suitable for aeronautical engineering...


If your video card supports 3D Accelleration, you might consider using the compiz window placement plugin.
Install compizconfig-settings-manager:
compizconfig-settings-manager
Hit Alt+F2 and type compiz --replace
If you want to change the way the windows are placed on your desktop, start the compizconfig-settings-manager:
Hit Alt+F2 and type ccsm
Find the "Place Windows" plugin, it will have an option called "Placement Mode", you can choose the one that you like best there.


Autocomplete of file path does not work after "vim" in terminal

Maybe you turned off the completion specifications associated with vim.

complete -p vim

And check the output:

complete -F _filedir_xspec vim

If is something like the previous line, run the command:

complete -r vim

In general, and not directly related to vim you can follow these examples, modify for your case:

First example

You can list all the current completion routines active for your user via complete -p or list all the completion included in your system: ls /etc/bash_completion.d/

Completion is drived by the file /etc/bash_completion and new completion commands may be placed inside the directory /etc/bash_completion.d

You need to enable smart completion, editing your /etc/bash.bashrc file. I think you have, because the cd Tab completion. Anyway uncomment the following lines, by removing the # in the beginning of the lines:

#if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
# . /etc/bash_completion
#fi

As you can see, everything depends on the information inside bash_completion.d file.

If you can even extend bash smart completion to your vim or apt need to edit /etc/bash_completion and /etc/bash_completion.d

Other example

If you don't have access to edit files or add archives to /etc. You can add local completion, for example for  wp-cli you can dowload the completion definition and rename to hide the command:

wget https://github.com/wp-cli/wp-cli/raw/master/utils/wp-completion.bash
rename wp-completion.bash .wp-completion.bash

Now edit your .bash_profile using nano .bash_profile or vimadding this:

source /home/tu_usuario_del_host/.wp-completion.bash


Ubuntu Touch: where are downloaded files stored?

They are in

.local/share/libertine-container/user-data/puritine/Downloads/


First, you need to install the squashfs tools:

sudo apt-get install squashfs-tools

There are some useful notes on how to use the squashfs tools here:  http://tldp.org/HOWTO/SquashFS-HOWTO/mksqoverview.html
and
http://tldp.org/HOWTO/SquashFS-HOWTO/creatingandusing.html


I got this solved by creating the file ~/.config/autostart/gnome-keyring-daemon.desktop
with these contents:
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Exec=/usr/bin/gnome-keyring-daemon
Hidden=false
NoDisplay=false
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true
Name[en_US]=Gnome Keyring Daemon
Name=Gnome Keyring Daemon
Comment[en_US]=Load gnome keyring daemon
Comment=Load gnome keyring daemon

I restarted and it was fixed.


The packages that you installed in the VirtualBox guest OS are installed permanently. You might also want to save a snapshot after you install packages so you can restore the guest OS back to the last known working snapshot in case something goes wrong later on. Snapshot 3 is highlighted in the screenshot which was saved after installing phpMyAdmin in Ubuntu 18.04.


How can I check the permissions of a specific group?

You can see the rights of group by ls -l in terminal to see the permissions of corresponding files.

drwxrwxr-x   3 owner group    4096 Jun 23 17:15 Calibre Library
-rw-rw-r--.  1 owner group   44444 May 25 11:36 custom 1.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x.  4 owner group    4096 Jul 11 21:26 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x.  2 owner group    4096 Jul  9 20:35 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 13 owner group   12288 Jul 11 12:42 Downloads
drwx------.  7 owner group    4096 Jun 23 13:21 Dropbox

Which can be further shown

You can refer to File Permissions for changing permissions. Whereas following commands are used to change it.

chmod - modify file access rights
su - temporarily become the superuser
chown - change file ownership
chgrp - change a file's group owner

EDIT : To view the files owned by the group "test" and user "luser'  use FIND command

to find all the groups available on your system:

cat /etc/group |cut -d: -f1

eg. for finding the groups that the current user belongs to

groups
luser test adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare

then looking for groups luser belongs to

groups luser
luser : test luser adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare

Now to see the files owned by group "test" in particular path or folder. Try

find /home -group test

find /etc -group root

GUI method via Nautilus , select the Group, Permissions , Owner options from the Nautilus Preferences menu.

Then in Nautilus File manager , by selecting Icons views you will get the group name under icon as

And in list view you will get something like


I'm not sure of a way to manage this with just a ubuntu server installation but what i would recommend is using a managed cisco swtich. You can find powerful used cisco switches on ebay for as little $30 with 24 ports and configure your own security guidelines and remotely shut of ports if needed. For monitoring your network you can use software like Solarwinds This kind of stuff can be overwhelming to get working and also not cost effective for your budget. Using a managed switch is the only way i see you getting the level of control you want.


determining the number of digits in text file

If you don't need to actually check that the value is a number, you can simply check the length of the 4th field from the 1st record

awk 'FNR == 1 {print length($4); exit}' file

To assign to a shell variable:

digit_number=$(awk 'FNR == 1 {print length($4); exit}' file)

If you need to count how many digits are in the field, then you could modify the awk command to

awk 'FNR == 1 {print gsub(/[0-9]/,"",$4); exit}' file

Note that gsub will return a count of decimal digits [0-9] ignoring any non-digit characters in the field.


Step 1 - Uninstall the existing NVIDIA drivers ...

Highlight the Ubuntu entry in the GRUB menu and press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press F10 to boot.

On login screen press Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Enter user name and password.
Execute :

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo reboot

Step 2 - Install the latest official NVIDIA drivers ...

Highlight the Ubuntu entry in the GRUB menu and press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press F10 to boot.

On login screen press Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Enter user name and password.
Execute :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-358
sudo reboot

In case you consider a clean installation, which I recommend because maybe there is messed up too much, add the parameter when booting from the installation media and the first time after the installation of the Ubuntu system as well. First of all install the NVIDIA drivers following the instructions from Step 2. Everything should work fine now, so  adding the parameter is obsolete.


Looks like the boot cannot find the device with the uuid dc627... Does it really exist? Look at the result of -

sudo blkid

to see the list of uuids for your devices. If the list does not include dc627..., just edit in the correct number in /boot/grub/grub.cfg, or run:

sudo update-grub


Why is my laptop running so hot with Ubuntu?

Since you have an Optimus-enabled laptop, you'll want to install Bumblebee.

Without Bumblebee, you are most likely using the integrated graphics chipset, while your dedicated graphics card is powered on, which will generate more heat and consume more power.

Moreover, the problem is generally worse when using the open source nVidia driver.

In a nutshell, Bumblebee disables that GPU and allows you to work in a low-power state. It also allows you to use your GPU whenever you need more graphics power.

Windows does this too, automatically, which is why you don't run into the same problem under Windows.

--

Before installing Bumblebee, remove any graphics drivers you might have installed.

After that, installation of Bumblebee and the proprietary nVidia driver can be done with the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia linux-headers-generic

After that, reboot, and your laptop will use the low-power integrated graphics chipset and leave your dedicated GPU powered off.

You can always start an application that requires your full GPU power by running it "with bumblebee":

optirun your-application

--

Should you run into trouble after the installation, the following page might help you: https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/wiki/Troubleshooting


How to adjust window placement in Unity, Ubuntu 14.04 based on overlapping top bar

The best workaround I have come up with is:

Install compizconfig-settings-manager from the software center
Run compizconfig-settings-manager
Go to place windows
Go to fix windows placement tab
Create new (windows with fixed positions)
Window postion: class= "the program that is loading in the wrong position"
X=65
Y=55

Then close

Repeat as needed for all program causing problems and adjust X & Y based on you launcher and panel scaling.
some time you have to restart for the setting to take effect.

hope this helps
cheers!
Whitaar


Why do my bluetooth Sony stero headphones only play in mono?

I solve my mono headphone problem that comes out after upgrading from 14.04 to 16.04

open terminal and start bluetooth controller sequence

$ bluetoothctl

Now the environmet intermenal  should be changed to [bluetooth]# there is list of devices with MAC address and one of them should be your headphone. Connect device with its mac adress like

[bluetooth]# connect AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

Your device now connected to your bluetooth device. Now where magic happens. Open another terminal and start the bluetooth device:

$ sudo service bluetooth restart

Now return to the tab with the environment [bluetooth]# Your device is disconnected after restarting bluetooth. Connect it again:
    [bluetooth]# connect AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

Ta Da! This solves my problem. You can chach from sound settings That Your headset profile is set on High Fidelity Playback(A2DP Sink)


How to use neworkd instead of NetworkManager on ubuntu 18.04 desktop

I think this is as close to the "correct way" as you can get.

First you must find out what your interface name is. To do that just run ip address from the Terminal. On my machine it is eno1 which can be found on the first line:

me@pc:~$ ip address
2: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 90:b1:1c:aa:bb:cc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.1.2.16/24 brd 10.1.2.255 scope global eno1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5cd1:3ee8:c461:6f12/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Then you just need to edit the file /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml and make it look like this for a static IP address assignment:

# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
    eno1:
      renderer: networkd
      match:
        name: eno1
      addresses: [10.1.2.16/24]
      gateway4: 10.1.2.1
      nameservers:
        search: [example.com]
        addresses: [10.1.2.10]

This tells netplan to use networkd on the interface eno1 instead of NetworkManager.


Ubuntu become very slow and unresponsive after upgrade to 12.04?

I had a problem with an upgrade a few years ago that made my laptop unusably slow. I eventually found the problem was a malfunctioning CPU frequency governor, which meant my system never got off its lowest CPU frequency. The problem went away when I made the system use the conservative governor by default instead of the ondemand one. For more on frequency scaling, see for example: https://idebian.wordpress.com/2008/06/22/cpu-frequency-scaling-in-linux/


How to redirect ant to use java from jdk in /usr instead from jre in /opt?

Do:

sudo update-alternatives --config java

and input the desired selection number according to the Selection column.

Do the same for others (if you want) e.g. javah, javap.


Force boot from USB stick without BIOS access

Temporarily disconnect the hard drive(s) by unplugging the hard drive's connecting cable, and the computer will boot from the USB flash drive without needing to access the BIOS first.

If that doesn't work and there is still no video display maybe the monitor is broken or disconnected. Try connecting a different monitor or connecting the monitor to the computer with a different cable.


Constant reset of full-speed USB device using ehci-pci

Bad hardware or outdated hardware EEPROM's firmware is the answer.

I had noticed that printing over USB cable stopped working in October 2015. It was not a screaming issue since I had configured my network so network printing was possible from any network device.

It turns out my Prolific Technology, Inc. PL2305 Parallel to USB port bridging cable I used for an HP LJ4 Plus printer is equipped with a single chip that does not coexist well with something (kernel side ?) on my Ubuntu 14.04.3 Desktop OS. [3.16.0-50-generic #67~14.04.1-Ubuntu x86_64]

Disconnecting the cable suppresses the message completely.

Manufacturer says reconfiguring the EEPROM is possible. I will be investigating... but this falls outside the scope of the question or AU for that matter.


How to display number of items in sub-directories from command line

Here's a little shell function that you can use. Just add these lines to your ~/.bashrc:

lsc(){
    ## globs that don't match should expand to a null string
  shopt -s nullglob
  ## If no arguments were given use the current dir
  if [[ $# -eq 0 ]]; then
    targets="."
  ## Otherwise, use whatever was given
  else
    targets=($@)
  fi
  ## iterate over the arguments given
  for target in "${targets[@]}"; do
    ## get the contents of the target
    contents=("$target"/*)
    ## iterate over the contents
    for thing in "${contents[@]}";  do
      ## If this one is a directory
      if [[ -d "$thing" ]]; then
        ## collect the directory's contents
        count=("$thing"/*)
        ## Print the dir's name (with a '/' at the end)
        ## and the number of items found in it
        printf "%s/ (%s)\n" "$thing" "${#count[@]}"
      else
        ## If this isn't a dir, just print the name
        printf "%s\n" "$thing"
      fi
    done
  done
}

then open a new terminal and run:

lsc /path/to/dir

For example, given the following directory (the \012 are newlines in the names):

$ tree
.
├── a bad one
│   └── file 1
├── a bad worse\012one
│   └── file 1 \012two
├── dir1
│   └── file
├── dir2
│   ├── file1
│   └── file2
├── dir3
│   ├── file1
│   ├── file2
│   └── file3
├── dir4
│   └── dir
├── empty_dir

8 directories, 7 files

You would get:

$ lsc
./a bad one/ (1)
./a bad worse
one/ (1)
./dir1/ (1)
./dir2/ (2)
./dir3/ (3)
./dir4/ (1)
./empty_dir/ (0)
./mp3/ (1)

The main advantages of this approach are:

You can run it on multiple directories:

lsc /path/to/dir /path/to/dir2 ... /path/to/dirN

Or on the current one:

lsc

It can work on arbitrary file and directory names, even those containing spaces or newline characters as you can see above.


When installing software, this configuration message appears. What should I do?

That is the message to accept EULA (End User License Agreement) to use Microsoft True Type fonts which provide an eye pleasing display.

Press the Tab key to the point where you accept the agreement then press Enter.


I add the output of the command synclient -l.

Parameter settings:
    LeftEdge                = 1775
    RightEdge               = 5503
    TopEdge                 = 1652
    BottomEdge              = 4662
    FingerLow               = 24
    FingerHigh              = 29
    FingerPress             = 255
    MaxTapTime              = 180
    MaxTapMove              = 245
    MaxDoubleTapTime        = 180
    SingleTapTimeout        = 180
    ClickTime               = 100
    FastTaps                = 0
    EmulateMidButtonTime    = 75
    EmulateTwoFingerMinZ    = 10
    EmulateTwoFingerMinW    = 6
    VertScrollDelta         = 111
    HorizScrollDelta        = 111
    VertEdgeScroll          = 0
    HorizEdgeScroll         = 0
    CornerCoasting          = 0
    VertTwoFingerScroll     = 1
    HorizTwoFingerScroll    = 0
    MinSpeed                = 1
    MaxSpeed                = 1.75
    AccelFactor             = 0.0359131
    TrackstickSpeed         = 40
    EdgeMotionMinZ          = 29
    EdgeMotionMaxZ          = 159
    EdgeMotionMinSpeed      = 1
    EdgeMotionMaxSpeed      = 445
    EdgeMotionUseAlways     = 0
    TouchpadOff             = 0
    LockedDrags             = 0
    LockedDragTimeout       = 5000
    RTCornerButton          = 2
    RBCornerButton          = 3
    LTCornerButton          = 0
    LBCornerButton          = 0
    TapButton1              = 1
    TapButton2              = 3
    TapButton3              = 2
    ClickFinger1            = 1
    ClickFinger2            = 1
    ClickFinger3            = 1
    CircularScrolling       = 0
    CircScrollDelta         = 0.1
    CircScrollTrigger       = 0
    CircularPad             = 0
    PalmDetect              = 0
    PalmMinWidth            = 9
    PalmMinZ                = 199
    CoastingSpeed           = 20
    CoastingFriction        = 50
    PressureMotionMinZ      = 29
    PressureMotionMaxZ      = 159
    PressureMotionMinFactor = 1
    PressureMotionMaxFactor = 1
    ResolutionDetect        = 1
    GrabEventDevice         = 1
    TapAndDragGesture       = 1
    AreaLeftEdge            = 0
    AreaRightEdge           = 0
    AreaTopEdge             = 0
    AreaBottomEdge          = 0

My touchpad works lovely. you can change the setting of the synclient by adding to the startup application a new application with the following command:

xterm -e synclient "EmulateTwoFingerMinZ=10"

This would change the setting of EmulateTwoFingerMinZ to the value of 10


ubuntu 19.10 stuck on loading screen on acer aspire 5750

Two things that happened to me:

Replace the swap file, it's in the root.

Use these commands to do this:

swapon --show
sudo swapoff -a /swapfile
sudo fallocate -l 4G /swapfile
sudo mkswap /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile
swapon --show

I am happy to report that ubuntu has not frozen once since I did this.

Dual boot issue between Windows and Ubuntu partitions:

When switching from ubuntu to Windows, a normal restart works.
When switching from Windows to ubuntu, only Shutdown and power on works.

Perhaps your disk once had a Windows partition on it? If so, find out if you can get rid of it, and it might help the grub program to sort things out.


RTL8192SU-based Wi-Fi adapter disconnects permanently

I am not sure there is a solution to this problem.  I was googling for this exact same issue with my dongle and I have seen people struggle with the firmware being missing.  Either that or a new driver solved this problem for most.

This morning I bought a new Billion Wifi Dongle, that uses the exact same chipset, and driver, but it works under Ubuntu 11.10.  Perhaps in our case it is just badly behaved hardware, that somehow works with the windows drivers?


How can I install Kali tools in Ubuntu 14.04?

None of these PPAs support 13.10 or higher versions of Ubuntu. You can try using the code for 13.04 (raring), or install 12.04 and then use the PPA.

To get the code for any version of Ubuntu, use lsb_release:

$ lsb_release -sc
trusty


How do I monitor disk activity on a specific drive?

dstat is better than iostat for strictly monitoring disk activity.

I am running the following command while moving files from one harddrive to another

dstat -D sda,sdc

for more info, have a look at this page

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DiskPerformance


Logitech USB mouse works, but takes over a minute to initialize after starting X

try

systemd-analyze blame

that will list things that are slowing startup. Then search for whatever is taking a long time (over 10 seconds)


Upgrade problem ubuntu 18.04 (Not fully installed)

I believe the issue is that you still have the Unity desktop environment, rather than GNOME (which is the default desktop in 18.04). Try restarting and clicking on the gear icon when you sign in. Then select "Ubuntu". If this does not work, try typing sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop in the Terminal, restarting and trying to select a different desktop again.


How do I get brightness working on a Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga?

FOR 12.10

Okay, I found an answer in this page.

This solved my brightness problems permanently:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

You will find this line in the new opened window:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Change it to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"

Save and close the window and type this in the terminal:

sudo update-grub

and reboot.

FOR 13.04

Add the acpi_backlight=vendor to your grub default command line
Run the update-grub command
blacklist the ideapad_laptop by adding "blacklist ideapad_laptop" to your /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf file.
Reboot


How do I make 33% "list view" in Nautilus be the default view for the system?

From within Nautilus navigate the menus to Edit->Preferences.

On the main Views tab change the "View new folders using" option to "List View" and the "Default zoom level" option at the bottom to 33%.


sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:libreoffice/libreoffice-4-0
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Source


/usr is full with plenty of free space on the disk

If you install on a FAT32 partition, then there is a limitation on individual files to a max size of 4 GB or so. So, Wubi will split the install into up to 3 virtual disks (root.disk, usr.disk, home.disk) depending on the size you want. (Max 12 GB).

Unfortunately 4 GB isn't enough for /usr on a normal install as it quickly grows over time. Your best bet is to use an NTFS partition where you can have a single root.disk of up to 30 GB, or to use the partition for a direct install (if you have a free partition, why would you use Wubi anyway?)


How to make Unity remember brightness settings?

The short answer is: you can't. Gnome power manager doesn't save the brightness setting.
The best you can do is to automatically set it to a reasonable default at startup.

For 11.10, the only solution I have found that works is the one given here:
http://blog.ishans.info/2011/09/25/set-brightness-automatically-at-the-startup-in-linux/

Save http://ishans.info/attachments/article/65/setBrightness.py locally, change the brightness percentage in the last line to your preferred value, and add a new startup application to run:

python /wherever-you-saved-the-script/setBrightness.py


Allow VNC session and main session to use different mozc state

Possible solution
Try to configure your ibus-mozc:

Open System Settings;
Click on Text Entry;
Select Japanese (Mozc) (IBus);
Switch the central options:

from:

Use the same source for all windows.

to:

Allow different sources for each window and active too,

New windows use the default source.


You can search for something similar to "System Monitor" and loof after the program that are running right now in your system.


Fan control is disabled at kernel driver level.
It is enabled with the fan_control=1 option to the thinkpad_acpi module.

% sudo env -i bash -l
$ echo -e "\noptions thinkpad_acpi fan_control=1" >>/etc/modprobe.d/thinkpad_acpi.conf
$ modprobe -c | grep ^options | grep thinkpad_acpi
options thinkpad_acpi fan_control=1
$ modprobe -r thinkpad_acpi
$ modprobe thinkpad_acpi

For detailed information see
http://ibm-acpi.sourceforge.net/README


Is it dangerous to install hacking tools on my private linux machine?

That really depends on the programs.

As with any program you install, you ideally:

trust the publisher not to perform malicious actions
trust the publisher to develop secure software

The same trust must be given to any dependencies of the program.

What makes some pentest tools special is that they provide a larger attack surface than many other programs and the people using them are more interesting targets than the users of many other programs.

Wireshark for example specifically warns against running as root, because of the high number of vulnerabilities (because of a high attack surface, insecure language (C), novice contributors, etc). Of course, you may not be happy with having your user account compromised either.

As a general guideline, I would use these rules:

run pentest programs on a dedicated computer or at least dedicated VM if possible.
the larger the attack surface of the program, and the higher the amount of known vulnerabilities / the less secure the code is, the more important rule 1 becomes.
The less reputable the source of the program is, the more you want to follow rule 1. Ubuntu repositories eg can generally be trusted more than a random github repository from an unknown entity or a nodejs program with dozens of npm dependencies.


How to force Ubuntu One contacts sync with Evolution?

Ubuntu One contacts and bookmarks sync (desktop-couch sync) is not functional. You can see the status here: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuOne/Status. When it's up again, all contacts you have in desktop-couch contact lists will automatically be synced.


PressCtrlAltF1, then enter the following commands:

sudo apt-get install update
sudo startx

Try this


How to dissociate an app from a file type icon

Welcome:)

You should be able to do so by removing the association in /etc/mine.types

Let's start by making sure the extension has an association:

grep 'dat' /etc/mime.types

Since you have Mathematica installed, it should have two lines similar to this (but with mathematica listed there)

application/x-python-code                       pyc pyo
text/x-python                                   py

I would remove the dat on both via a text editor, running sudo, for example

sudo vim /etc/mime.types

Save and restart and voila!

(Invert the help from here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AddingMimeTypes This was my source)


Unable to ssh with error Connection Refused

Sometimes you need to input the user if you have login as root disabled like this : User@192.168.1.6


my /home is not mounted after 12.04 upgrade

this fix the problem
/dev/sda5       /home           ext4    defaults        0       2
UUID=29990594-2993-429b-a4e0-7ed7c6c26966   /home   ext4    defaults    0   2


What is the point of sh being linked to dash?

The short answer to “why the original sh shell isn't present in sh” is that there's no original sh.

Well, ok, there is: it's the Thompson shell. Version 1 had some of the features we know today, in particular redirection and pipes (read Dennis Ritchie's paper on early Unix history). Later versions added features such as background execution with &, globbing (implemented with an external program), and some forms of quoting, but it didn't have variables or nested control structures. Conditionals and loops were provided via external programs if (which took one condition and one command as arguments) and goto (which worked by changing the file position of its parent in the script file).

In 1979, in Unix V7, the Thompson shell was replaced as /bin/sh by the Bourne shell. The first release already had many of the features that are present in dash today, and subsequent versions introduced many more. A few years later, the Korn shell came onto the scene, with a growing feature set; many Unix variants installed it under the name ksh.

In 1992, POSIX codified a minimum set of sh features that was basically Bourne plus a few things. Any system that called itself “Unix” had to implement at least these features. Commercial Unix systems usually used ksh as the POSIX sh, but a few (e.g. OSF/1) had their own.

Neither the Bourne shell nor the Korn shell were open source until fairly recently, so when the Linux world started to form in the mid-1990s, they weren't available. /bin/sh had to be something else. Most Linux distributions went for bash, a shell from the GNU project that tended to be between Bourne and Korn in terms of scripting features, and much better than either for interactive use). The only viable alternative was pdksh (“public domain Korn shell”), a free (now discontinued, but living on as mksh, which is actively developed), but I don't remember a Linux distribution using pdksh as /bin/sh, I don't know why, I guess because Linux distributions were always GNU/Linux distributions, basically shipping GNU versions of any tool for which a GNU version did exist.

There were also several open source implementations of sh called “ash”, most notably the Almquist shell, but they were very incomplete, lacking some POSIX features that people wanted to use. A programmer who was a Debian maintainer, Herbert Xu, extended ash to make it POSIX compliant. Eventually his version was renamed to dash, and there was some push to make it /bin/sh in Debian instead of bash. Ubuntu started out before Debian started to systematically treat bashisms (the use of bash-specific functionality in #!/bin/sh scripts) as bugs. Both switched a later (Ubuntu 6.10, Debian only in 2009 (it was a goal for lenny but the switch was only made after the lenny release, i.e. in squeeze)).

A major reason for using dash as rather than bash as /bin/sh is that it's significantly faster. This was especially important for Ubuntu, which has striven to keep boot times short since the beginning. Dash also tends to use less memory than bash, which is somewhat important for wrapper scripts that stay around just to do a bit of cleanup when the underlying program exits. Another benefit of dash is that it only relies on libc (the core system library) whereas bash also relies on terminal support libraries (it can't start without them, even to run a script); this means that dash has a better chance to keep working on a broken system.

At some point during the 21st century, the Korn shell went open source, and open source versions of the Bourne shell appeared (old versions, because development had ceased years before). But dash and bash were too firmly entrenched in the Linux world for them to gain any acceptance, especially the Bourne shell since its value today is only historical. Dash displaced bash because it had clear benefits, but none of the other contenders have any decisive advantage as /bin/sh.


Installing Ubuntu 18.04 alongside windows10, the SSD is not recognized

You don't need to reinstall Windows...
Some folks have found the 2nd choice that I provide easier to do...
Make sure to have a backup of your important Windows files!
You've got a single SSD set up in RAID mode, and the Ubuntu installer won't recognize your SSD until you switch your disk setting in the BIOS from RAID to AHCI.
Making that switch comes with some problems though, as Windows will no longer boot.
Choice #1: Looking at this article https://samnicholls.net/2016/01/14/how-to-switch-sata-raid-to-ahci-windows-10-xps-13/ will show you how to make the change without having to reinstall Windows.

Boot to Windows with your current SATA controller configuration
Open Device Manager
Expand Storage Controllers and identify the Intel SATA RAID Controller
View properties of the identified controller
On the Driver tab, click the Update driver… button
Browse my computer…, Let me pick…
Uncheck Show compatible hardware
Select Microsoft as manufacturer
Select Microsoft Storage Spaces Controller as model
Accept that Windows cannot confirm that this driver is compatible
Save changes, reboot to BIOS and change RAID SATA Controller to AHCI
Save changes and reboot normally, hopefully to Windows

Now you should be able to install Ubuntu in a dual-boot configuration.
Choice #2: See http://triplescomputers.com/blog/uncategorized/solution-switch-windows-10-from-raidide-to-ahci-operation/

Right-click the Windows Start Menu. Choose Command Prompt (Admin).
If you don’t see Command Prompt listed, it’s because you have already been updated to a later version of Windows.  If so, use this method instead to get to the Command Prompt:
Click the Start Button and type cmd
Right-click the result and select Run as administrator
Type this command and press ENTER: bcdedit /set {current} safeboot minimal
If this command does not work for you, try bcdedit /set safeboot minimal
Restart the computer and enter BIOS Setup (the key to press varies between systems).
Change the SATA Operation mode to AHCI from either IDE or RAID (again, the language varies).
Save changes and exit Setup and Windows will automatically boot to Safe Mode.
Right-click the Windows Start Menu once more. Choose Command Prompt (Admin).
Type this command and press ENTER: bcdedit /deletevalue {current} safeboot
If you had to try the alternate command above, you will likely need to do so here also: bcdedit /deletevalue safeboot
Reboot once more and Windows will automatically start with AHCI drivers enabled.


Ubuntu login screen freezing not allowing me to login(mouse works)

Press Alt+SysRq+R. This will detach the keyboard from the frozen X server. Then you can use Alt+F1 to switch to the console and conduct your research -- look at /var/log/Xorg.0.log, /var/log/ker.log, etc. for possible causes.


Error in installing Virtualbox guest additions iso file mount

To mount and use guest additions you first have to make sure virtualbox-guest-additions is installed and ready to use.  Pop into terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-additions

For recent versions of ubuntu (e.g. 13.10), its

sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-additions-iso


Apache config - how to enable additional ports

In Ubuntu Xenial:

Add additional ports in the /etc/apache2/ports.conf like so:

Listen 80
Listen 8888

Now in your VirtualHost file add that port like so:

<VirtualHost *:80 *:8888>

   ....
</VirtualHost>

Restart apache2:

sudo apache2ctl restart


I did have the same error message, log files did not help me either.
So I did as root:

snap remove canonical-livepatch
apt update && apt upgrade && apt dist-upgrade
reboot

afterwards again as root:

sudo snap install canonical-livepatch
sudo canonical-livepatch enable **your token here**

output was: Successfully enabled device. Using machine-token: your token here
:)


putty key -> connection refused (permissions OK, /var/log/auth.log is empty)

A less error-prone way of converting public key formats than manually removing the headers and line-breaks is using ssh-keygen like this:

ssh-keygen -i -f publickeywithheaders.pub

It should output what can be appended to the authorized_keys file.


How do I uninstall Ubuntu 11.04 from my computer

You can boot to your Ubuntu 11.04 CD or GParted Live CD/USB to reformat the entire hard disk to NTFS so Windows 7 installation CD can recognize your harddisk. Then you can reinstall Windows 7.

If you use GParted Live CD/USB you need to download:

Unetbootin
GParted Live CD/USB ISO

Use your friends computer (Windows) either to burn the ISO to CD or to run Unetbootin and write the ISO to USB. Follow the instruction from Unetbootin GUI to write the ISO to USB.

Then boot from Ubuntu 11.04 CD or GParted Live CD/USB you've created (set where to boot from BIOS or simply press F12 at startup and choose either CD or USB).

If you use GParted Live CD/USB, you'll welcomed by screen that look like this, choose GParted Live to get started. Otherwise choose Try Ubuntu without installing:

After that you can use GParted GUI to reformat or re-partition your harddisk. Make sure at the top right corner say /dev/sda (it's your harddisk). Check the size of your hard disk.

Since you already messed up your harddisk you can't go wrong with this, feel free too explore.

First, delete your current partition and create new NTFS partition.

Second, make sure set the partition's flags to "boot".

Last, press apply.

If the three steps above fail try create ms-dos partition table first then repeat the three steps above.

If you're done with re-partition and reformatting, boot to your Windows 7 installation to install Windows. By now Windows will recognize your hard disk.


AMD Radeon 5/6/7xxx passthrough for virtualbox in Ubuntu 12.04

No you can't. Virtualbox and other virtual software emulates the hardware. Its not the original hardware. VirtualBox emulates a video adapter. In order to get a better visual experience you need to install the virtual box extras. But it won't be able to run games.

Some interesting reads,

https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?p=409

https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?t=16


I want to download "Download Windows 10 Technical Preview ISO" .ios file in my ubuntu 14.04

Mosttimes this works: Find the URL. Then put the URL in command line after a wget. But knowing MicroSoft you need to sign up 1st so a command line method is not possible.

And then use something like brasero to burn it to a dvd or use the USB disk creator to install it into an USB.


How to hide new created user in /etc/passwd in Linux?

Simply you cannot do that , the local user should be registered in /etc/passwd , there is some tips like :

creating user accounts with uid < 1000  so GUI tools ignore it  .
creating shell users so it will not be seen at login screen .

But at cli level they will catch you !


While workspaces are the way to go here, I'll still answer the original question. It's not hard to run multiple instances of X - the system that actually is the GUI. You just need to use startx (and optionally .xinitrc). See my other answer for a quick intro to using it, and the Arch Wiki article on .xinitrc for more complete information.

On each TTY you want to run Cinnamon on, you just need to do:

startx /usr/bin/gnome-session --session=cinnamon

Then switch between them the way you normally would switch to the corresponding TTY.


How to upgrade form PHP virsion 7.x to a higher one?

You have to install the PHP 7.2 (or any higher version 7.x)  and remove your old version if you don't need it any more.

First add the PPA ppa:ondrej/php, run:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
sudo apt update

Second install the version you need 7.2 in your case, run:

sudo apt install php7.2

Third if you want to remove your old existing version, run

sudo apt remove php7.0


Bash performs history expansion as the first thing after reading a line of input, so it happens before expanding variables. The !$ in your expansion !${i} is taken to refer to the last argument of the previous command as a special case syntax.

If you want to read (or execute) the commands saved in the history, you can use history -p, or fc.

Apart from that, note that you can't access an interactive shell's history from an external script, and there are more straightforward ways to repeat commands inside a script.


Installing Openstack/Base with juju on MaaS not succeeding because of perceived lxd mount error

In addition to unsealing vault, before it will issue certificates to your deployment, you must either tell it to generate a root CA or upload a intermediate root certificate. There is more information on how to do this in the Certificate Life Management [0] appendix of the OpenStack Charms Deployment Guide [1].
0: https://docs.openstack.org/project-deploy-guide/charm-deployment-guide/latest/app-certificate-management.html
1: https://docs.openstack.org/project-deploy-guide/charm-deployment-guide/latest/


Unable to install wine Xubuntu 16.04 64bits

Try this following steps to download wine:

Add the PPA via command:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa

Update package cache and install wine1.8:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install wine1.8 winetricks

Install latest Wine Dev release from the Official WineHQ PPA:

Open terminal from Unity Dash, App Launcher, or via Ctrl+Alt+T shortcut key. When it opens, paste below commands and run one by one.

For 64-bit system, rum command to enable 32 bit architecture:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

Type in your password when it asks, no visual feedback so type in mind and hit Enter to continue.

Add the wine PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wine/wine-builds

Once you have the PPA added in your system, run below commands one by one to refresh package caches and install Wine 1.8:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends winehq-devel

The installation automatically replaces old wine releases installed on your system.
Finally you may run below command to initialize your wine configuration.

winecfg


Use zenity to create a text box dialog from the terminal, which you can use to specify a path.

Install zenity from a terminal if it's not already installed:

$ sudo apt-get install zenity

Now you can create interesting dialog boxes from the terminal:

$ zenity --entry --text='Enter nautilus path:'

Now that you can graphically enter a path, how do you hand this off to nautilus?  How about some bash magic!

$ nautilus $(zenity --entry --text='Enter nautilus path:')

You've successfully provided your path to nautilus as an argument.  Now just bind this command to the shortcut of your choice!


How to compile C program file in Ubuntu 18.04

The error you're getting is an indications that the gcc package either isn't installed or isn't installed correctly.

These symptoms can happen after a fresh install before an update and upgrade.

The resolution is to complete the install with:

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade
$ sudo apt install gcc

Unless you inadvertently removed it, it's installed automatically with Ubuntu 18.04 just as it was with 16.04.  So the first two commands above should correct the issue.

This issue happens with a number of packages that needs upgrades and updates after a fresh install.


problem with getting 2.1 speaker working under 12.04/unity/pulseaudio

Try the follwing steps:

1.

echo 'options snd-hda-intel model=asus-mode4' | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

2.

sudo gedit /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/profile-sets/extra-hdmi.conf

and add following lines to extra-hdmi.conf

[Mapping analog-surround-21]
device-strings = surround40:%f
channel-map = front-left,front-right,lfe,lfe
paths-output = analog-output analog-output-speaker
priority = 7
direction = out

3.

sudo gedit /etc/pulse/daemon.conf

and add following line to daemon.conf

enable-lfe-remixing = yes


Add TU-Berlin MS Exchange Account: Failed to find ASUrl and OABUrl in autodiscover response

Assuming your alex@example.com is a Microsoft Outlook for business, set your email and password as usual. At the custom fields:

Username: alex@example.com
Server: outlook.office365.com


Can Dock setting be set up to show/open applications on second screen?

Install the Gnome Shell extension "Multi Monitors Add-On". It allows to display all Gnome Shell controls on multiple monitors, and hence will allow you to open Activities or Applications on any of the monitors where you click the relevant control. The extension allows you to configure what you want to duplicate on the additional monitors and what not.


Ubuntu on ThinkPad X1 Carbon with High DPI display

I am pretty sure that you don't need to mess with the BIOS - Ubuntu 12.04 and 13.10 should both have U/EFI support.


While this does not try to fix this problem, rather helps as a workaround when I want to activate an env.

$ source ~/anaconda3/bin/activate <env_name>


Press Ctrl+Alt+F3 and type this command:

chown $USER:$USER .Xauthority


Determine what process or program is making a certain noise

Most Ubuntu installations are using PulseAudio, then it is possible to

List all processes which are connected to your pulse audio

run this command pactl list clients

However, it will give you POSSIBLE sound-making processes, if you really want to:

catch the process making sound then run this command:

watch -n0.5 'pacmd list-sink-inputs | tee -a sound-inputs.log'

and after a while you will see what processes are making sound, they could disappear fast, this is why tee -a sound-inputs.log command is storing/logging in sound-inputs.log all information, and you can review which process exactly is making noise now.

you can review it by less sound-inputs command, an example output is below:

0 sink input(s) available.
0 sink input(s) available.
0 sink input(s) available.
1 sink input(s) available.
    index: 277
    driver: <protocol-native.c>
    flags: START_CORKED
    state: RUNNING
    sink: 0 <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo>
    volume: front-left: 55420 /  85% / -4.37 dB,   front-right: 55420 /  85% / -4.37 dB
            balance 0.00
    muted: no
    current latency: 35.85 ms
    requested latency: 7.52 ms
    sample spec: float32le 2ch 44100Hz
    channel map: front-left,front-right
                 Stereo
    resample method: copy
    module: 10
    client: 1884 <Chromium>
    properties:
        application.icon_name = "chromium-browser"
        media.name = "Playback"
        application.name = "Chromium"
        native-protocol.peer = "UNIX socket client"
        native-protocol.version = "33"
        application.process.id = "2993986"
        application.process.user = "aneutrino"
        application.process.host = "xiexie"
        application.process.binary = "Discord"
        application.language = "en_US.UTF-8"
        window.x11.display = ":0"
        application.process.machine_id = "13335995d81e4f4faf75ac28835b4f8c"
        module-stream-restore.id = "sink-input-by-application-name:Chromium"

in the example, above it was Discord chat application using chrome-browser making noises PID 2993986 I have entered to settings and disabled sounds in it, but alternatively I could simply kill it kill 2993986


How can I update a particular software through Terminal without sudo apt-get update?

For just upgrading a single package, do:

sudo apt-get install <package_name>

For example:

sudo apt-get install dos2unix

One caveat is that this will of course install the package if not installed already, to only upgrade a package (and not install the package if not installed):

sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade <package_name>

For example:

sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade dos2unix

Also note that, sudo apt-get update does not upgrade a package to the latest version, it just synchronizes the package lists (and metadata) between the repositories and local files.

Perhaps you meant:

sudo apt-get upgrade

which will upgrade all packages to their latest versions.


Well turns out that my laptop was searching for a wired connection all the time after I plugged in an adapter which has an Ethernet port on it. and thats why it was showing the failed to connect notification repeatedly.
I still would like to know how to see all past notifications. I basically started a screen recording and then played it back frame by frame to see what the notification was.