I cannot find some the software I want in Ubuntu Software Center

Did you use the following commands in the Terminal after you freshly installed your Ubuntu. (If you did not do it now)

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

then search again in the Ubuntu Software Center. If you still can't see the software try this in the Terminal >>

sudo apt-get install gimp


Automake does not find pkg-config macros

I ran into this same issue.  What worked for me was installing autoconf and pkgconf.  It was then able to find /usr/share/aclocal/pkg.m4.


Screen blank after uspend or automatic blank screen

I found a solution for the issue, it had to do with the monitor, when I turned it off the problem would arise,

This article hinted me about it:
https://www.reddit.com/r/nvidia/comments/52cr0b/how_to_disable_the_video_card_from_going_to_sleep/


in sshd_config file sftp chroot shows sftp/%u?

from man sshd_config:

Subsystem Subsystem       sftp    internal-sftp

Configures an external subsystem (e.g. file transfer daemon).  Arguments should be a subsystem name and a command (with optional arguments) to execute upon subsystem request.

The command sftp-server(8) implements the “sftp” file transfer subsystem.
Match Match Group sftpusers

Introduces a conditional block.  If all of the criteria on the Match line are satisfied, the keywords on the following lines override those set in the global section of the config file, until either another Match line or the end of the file. If a keyword appears in multiple Match blocks that are satisified, only the first instance of the keyword is applied.

The arguments to Match are one or more criteria-pattern pairs or the single token All which matches all criteria. The available criteria are User, Group, Host, LocalAddress, LocalPort, and Address.  The match patterns may consist of single entries or comma-separated lists and may use the wildcard and negation operators described in the PATTERNS section of ssh_config(5).
ChrootDirectory ChrootDirectory /sftp/%u

Specifies the pathname of a directory to chroot(2) to after authentication. All components of the pathname must be root-owned directories that are not writable by any other user or group. After the chroot, sshd(8) changes the working directory to the user's home directory.
ForceCommand ForceCommand internal-sftp

Forces the execution of the command specified by ForceCommand, ignoring any command supplied by the client and ~/.ssh/rc if present. The command is invoked by using the user's login shell with the -c option. This applies to shell, command, or subsystem execution.  It is most useful inside a Match block.  The command originally supplied by the client is available in the SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND environment variable.  Specifying a command of “internal-sftp” will force the use of an in-process sftp server that requires no support files when used with ChrootDirectory.

More infos here


I can't run gtg (getting things todo by gnome) properly

GTG maintainer here. All those features are optional and provide you way how to synchronize with external services like Launchpad, Mantis or Evolution. Their dependencies are listed in README:

=== Dependencies for Synchronization Services ===

Evolution synchronization service has dependencies:
  * python-evolution
  * python-dateutil

Because of a bug in PyGTK (see https://bugs.launchpad.net/gtg/+bug/936183),
the synchronization service freezes GTG and the synchronization service can't be used.

MantisBT synchronization service has a dependency:
  * python-suds

Launchpad synchronization service has a dependency:
  * python-launchpadlib

Gnote and Tomboy synchronization services has no external dependency.

Identica and Twitter synchronization services are shipped with the local
version of Tweety library.

Remember the Milk synchronization service is shipped with a library for RTM api.
It has an external dependency:
  * python-dateutil

Remember the Milk is not maintained for a long time and might be potentially harmful.

As you can see, some of them are not mainted for a long time. We will be glad if somebody takes the ownership. Patches or any other contribution is welcome!

Additional features will be displayed when adding a new synchronization service in

  Edit -> Synchronization Services


If wifi is not working then , 1st time initially you should connect your pc/laptop with cable/LAN network and try these step:-

Open Additional Drivers option in ubuntu ( press windows key and find "Additional Drivers" or you can also find this option in "system settings"),

it will automatically find correct drivers for your pc/laptop and choose option to select and install it.

Generally it will find wifi, graphic Proprietary drivers.


Is there any audio-driver for ubuntu gnome 17.04 to increase sound volume level and quality?

Low sound level is most likely to be due to level settings in ALSA or Pulseaudio.
If Pulseaudio is set higher than 100% will cause distortion in sound. Combine that with a low level setting in ALSA and you get low volume and distortion.

Use pavucontrol Pulseaudio Mixer to check Pulseaudio levels. Panel volume controls and other mixers don't always show all the control options.

Use command alsamixer in terminal to check/adjust ALSA levels. There are other audio mixers that show ALSA levels, but posting a screenshot of alsamixer will be best option to get more help


If I just use a window manager and not a desktop environment, how do I get automatic dock/undock resolution updates?

I have in /etc/udev/rules.d/80-monitor.rules

ACTION=="change", SUBSYSTEM=="drm", ENV{HOTPLUG}=="1", ENV{DEVNAME}=="dri/card0", RUN+="/etc/udev/monitors.sh"

Then in /etc/udev/monitors.sh (marked executable):

#!/bin/sh
set -e

export DISPLAY=:0
export XAUTHORITY=$(getent passwd $(w -h -s|awk '$3==":0"{print $1}'|sed 1q)|cut -d: -f6)/.Xauthority

desktop() {
    xrandr --output LVDS1 --off || true
    xrandr --output HDMI3 --auto --primary --output HDMI2 --auto --right-of HDMI3
}

laptop() {
    xrandr --output HDMI3 --off || true
    xrandr --output HDMI2 --off || true
    xrandr --output LVDS1 --auto
}

if xrandr|grep -q 'HDMI2 connected'; then
    desktop
else
    laptop
fi

Some hints and catches with this example:

It only works for the first graphically logged in user.
You'll need to tune the script to match your monitor setup. See the xrandr manpage for help with this.
I'm not sure if the udev rule will match everyone's monitor status change event. I used udevadm monitor --property to figure out what to use.
I had to use --off to turn off all displays explicitly first before reconfiguring before xrandr allowed me to configure new ones. I think this is driver-dependent and not well documented.
I'm using the presence of the external screen to decide which way round to reconfigure. This might not work for everyone.
xrandr sets some resolution by default which was optimal for me. See the manpage for details on how to set custom resolutions if you need.


Installing nvidia vulkan drivers for 16.04

I had the same issue, until I uninstalled mesa-vulkan-drivers. DOTA2 then immediately started with the -vulkan option. Also vulkaninfo gives me a lot more output now, without the error.


Error when connecting openxenmanager to xen-4.4

OpenXenManager (latest version on https://github.com/OpenXenManager/openxenmanager) is meant to be used with the Citrix XAPI stack. However, XAPI (and it's open implementation XCP-XAPI) are no longer supported on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS upward. The open source version of xen comes with the so-called "xl" stack, the official successor to "xm".

However, if you just want to use a graphical front end, try the virt-manager package:

apt-get install virt-manager libvirt0


Trying to install any package produces a lot of dependency errors

Firstly check if the php version that you are using is supported by the version on Ubuntu, if yes then you can use gdebi to install recursive packages


How to install Cordova on Ubuntu 14.04 to develop hybrid apps?

Cordova Installation:

Add the Ubuntu Cordova Personal Package Archive

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cordova-ubuntu/ppa
sudo apt-get update

Install cordova-cli package (and its dependencies):

sudo apt-get install cordova-cli

Project Workflow:

Create a project

cordova create project1 REVERSEDNSNAME.project1 project1

Move into the Project Directory:

cd project1

Add the android platform:

cordova platform add android

Create an Andorid emulator

android create avd -n hello -t 1

Run the cordova app on the emulator :

cordova emulate android

Reference here for android

For reference here for Ubuntu


You can't switch to the user apache because in /etc/passwd it is set as a nologin user due to security risks. However you can run commands by this user using sudo -u apache ./script. And this means we can run shell as a command


If partition #3 is only data, can you copy it to another place, delete both #3 and #4, then recreate and format a new partition? Is safer for your data.


First install Samba :

sudo apt-get install samba

Now edit samba config file :

gksu gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

scroll down to workgroup = WORKGROUP ( or any other work-group)

Now see authentication section :

 #     security = user

Remove the “#” at the front of the line.

To create a share :

[share]
    comment = (Name it as you want )
    path = /path/to/share/folder (path you put your share )
    browsable = yes
    guest ok = yes ( in no it will prompt for password)
    read only = no
    writeable = yes
    create mask = 0775 (permission drwxrwxr-x)

Now if you choose guest ok = no you should create a samba account :

let assume you have a user name user1

sudo smbpasswd user1

and give it password so when you share it will be for authetication.

sudo service smbd restart
sudo service nmbd restart

Now in windows try to connect to your share , it should be found .


Nvidia GT 540M on ASUS working on Ubuntu 11.10 optimus 100%

Regarding your questions:
1. DON'T! If you do, you'll break the xorg and you'll have to revert to the original xorg.conf....

I've tried to get bumblebee/ironhide working on Asus U41SV with the same graphic card as yours and so far I've been unsucessfull :(
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1657660
I've used a script to turn on/off the nvidia card, but I can't find it now... I'll recheck later!
At this moment, I am patiently waiting for better news from the optimus technologies.... :(

FYI, I know that in the ubuntu forums there is a "how to" on asus laptops, but, again, can't find it now...

cheers mate
Rita


error for dependency and unable to remove with apt-get command

bundle is not installed on your system. Either your dependenciy problems prevented it from being installed, or you already removed it, or the package name is wrong.

I don't know of any bundle package (in Ubuntu 14.04). All I have is bundler:

Description-en: Manage Ruby application dependencies
Bundler manages a Ruby application's dependencies through its entire
life, across many machines, systematically and repeatably.

Bundler is most useful for developers of applications.

Did you misspell the name?


Ubuntu 16.04 slight hissing / white noise in the headphones

I had the same issue on my Asus UX501 laptop. Solved it by turning off the Intel Audio Powersave as seen in : Strange noise in headphones when no sound is played

After replacing the location of the file, my terminal command looked like this:

gksudo gedit /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/intel-audio-powersave

then I changed the line

INTEL_AUDIO_POWERSAVE=${INTEL_AUDIO_POWERSAVE:-true}

to

INTEL_AUDIO_POWERSAVE=false

After a reboot my issue was solved.


You didn't mention what kernel driver you're using for the card, but often tunables can be found in /sys/module/[driver]/.  For example, my iwlagn driver shows this:

bryce@lynmouth:/sys/module/iwlagn$ ls

drivers/  holders/  initstate  notes/  parameters/  refcnt  sections/  srcversion  version
bryce@lynmouth:/sys/module/iwlagn$ ls parameters/
11n_disable    amsdu_size_8K    antenna          fw_restart4965  queues_num    swcrypto
11n_disable50  amsdu_size_8K50  disable_hw_scan  fw_restart50    queues_num50  swcrypto50

To find out some more info about what the parameters mean, look at the output of modinfo <driver>.

To change values of a parameter, just do "echo [number] > /sys/module/[driver]/parameters/[parameter]".  Some parameters are read-only, so do a "cat .../[parameter]" to check that your new value was set.


How can i fit 2 commands in 1 terminal shortcut

cd /usr/local/games/ut2004/ && sudo aoss ./ut2004


How can I preserve file modification times when copying to a NAS?

I believe I have solved the problem. In Ubuntu 12.04, in Nautilus there are two ways to connect to the remote DiskStation NAS. One preserves modification times, one does not.

In the menu on the left-hand side of a Nautilus window, the Browse Network... button eventually leads to an AFP (Apple Filing Protocol) connection to the DiskStation, through which neither Nautilus nor cp -p copies preserve modification time. I tried disabling Apple support in the DiskStation, but in that mode the DiskStation wasn't even visible in Browse Network.

In Nautilus's File menu there is a Connect to Server... option that offers a host of protocols. I chose Windows, entered my credentials, and connected without trouble. In this mode, modification times are preserved, so I was able to re-copy my photos and have their dates preserved.

Thank you Sergey and david6 for your suggestions. Hopefully people will find this information valuable.


you can give a try to:

sudo alsaconf

which should be in the alsa-utils package along with alsamixer.


Can I use Tracker to catalog my ebook library?

There are multiple different models of the Kindle Fire HD, so without knowing the specific model of your Kindle Fire HD I can't provide information on how to install Ubuntu on it if that is what you are trying to do, however for starters visit the Ubuntu Touch Kindle Fire HD 8.9" wiki. Visit all of the links on the wiki and review all of the instructions before doing anything, as the Ubuntu Touch installation requires wiping your system and factory reset. Before wiping your system, you should also make a complete backup of your Kindle Fire for recovery purposes.

I don't know if you are comfortable with wiping your system and I wouldn't do it if it was my device, so I will also suggest an easier way of cataloging your ebook library. If you don't mind copying your ebook library to your laptop, Calibre ebook reader from the Ubuntu Software Center can manage all your cataloging tasks automatically by using the existing metadata of the ebooks in your Calibre library. Changes in the way an ebook is catalogued can be easily done by editing the ebook's metadata in Calibre.  Calibre can also be installed in Windows.

Calibre is meant to be a complete ebook library solution. It includes library management, format conversion, news feeds to ebook conversion as well as ebook reader sync features.

Calibre is primarily an ebook cataloging program. It manages your ebook
collection for you. It is designed around the concept of the logical book,
i.e. a single entry in the database that may correspond to ebooks in several formats.

Calibre has a modular device driver design that makes adding support for different ebook reader devices easy. Syncing supports updating metadata on the device from metadata in the library and the creation of collections on the device based on the tags defined in the library view.


Can't use DNS resolver even though I added to /etc/resolv.conf

I am noob but I faced this issue just few day ago! I think you should recreate your resolve.conf file.

Use this command for recreation.

sudo resolvconf -u.

May be this helps!


This bug report http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=628492

suggests python-glade2 is the missing dependency.

sudo apt-get install python-glade2

If that fixes the problem, you may wish to append your bug report on launchpad ;)


How to reinstall Java after complete uninstall

It seems that following that answer you deleted all the Java related binaries but didn't actually removed OpenJDK packages. You can reinstall them by running

sudo apt install --reinstall default-jre default-jdk default-jre-headless default-jdk-headless openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-11-jdk-headless openjdk-11-jre openjdk-11-jre-headless openjdk-8-jdk openjdk-8-jdk-headless openjdk-8-jre openjdk-8-jre-headless


How can I change the window shadow size for windows in the GNOME shell?

You can only edit the Shell theme via /usr/share/gnome-shell, not the windows.
As far as I know, you must edit the mutter source code, and this might become quite difficult if you don't know programming.


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS hard freezing while AFK

I am crossposing my answer from another similar question here:

I had a similar issue on my system. It would lock up on idle when I left the PC alone for a while. It seems to be a known bug with the C6 deep idle power state on AMD Zen processors.

I created a service that disables this power state on boot and it has been running without issue for a few weeks on my system now, so I uploaded it to OBS for others to use. To install it:

$ wget -nv -O - https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:jkist/xUbuntu_18.04/Release.key | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo sh -c "echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/jkist/xUbuntu_18.04/ /' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/home:jkist.list"
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install amd-disable-c6

Versions for other distributions can be found here

Alternatively, you could try to disable the C6 state in your BIOS. If your BIOS is as crappy as mine, though, you might not have that option or you might have to disable all power saving modes instead of just disabling the C6 state.


I have gotten fingerprint login working on 18.04 and the sensor which comes with a T480s by using the python-validity project.
The basic install steps are

Remove any existing installs of fprintd

sudo apt remove fprintd

Add the python-validity PPA

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:uunicorn/open-fprintd
sudo apt-get update

Install python-validity and dependencies

sudo apt install open-fprintd fprintd-clients python3-validity

Enrol a fingerprint

fprintd-enroll -f fprintd-enroll -f right-index-finger

Enable fingerprint login

sudo pam-auth-update


Telnet session already in use, Unable to create session

Check if the process really still exists with:

ps aux | grep telnet

Then kill it:

killall telnet


As Dufte mentioned in his comment, your install medium is still defined as a source for packages (repository). As it is most likely not longer in the drive - accessing it fails.

To remove the install-medium from your source list, just go to settings in discover and untick the respective entry.


As you say, you can't put wildcards in /etc/hosts. It just doesn't work.

That really leaves you with one option: mangle the actual DNS manually. There are several ways you could do this but two spring to mind as the best options...

You could run a fully-flegded DNS server locally. This can be a good idea if your internet connection is slow and you'd like all devices on the network to proxy through this server, or you run many domains that you want to override, or some other reason you want to step into the first ring of hell... It won't take a week, but it does requires learning stuff.

Or you could just override dnsmasq's settings. Ubuntu through network-manager is already running a sort of DNS proxy in the form of dnsmasq and you can tell it to override various domains, quite easily. Here's how I'd route *.thepcspy.com (my domain) to 127.0.0.1:

echo address=/thepcspy.com/127.0.0.1/ | sudo tee -a /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d/local
sudo service network-manager restart

Then to test:

$ nslookup thepcspy.com
Server:     127.0.1.1
Address:    127.0.1.1#53

Name:   thepcspy.com
Address: 127.0.0.1

And a subdomain:

$ nslookup testing.thepcspy.com
Server:     127.0.1.1
Address:    127.0.1.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   testing.thepcspy.com
Address: 109.74.193.118

To revert these changes, just edit (or delete) /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d/local and restart network-manager again.


Will I loose data or software when upgrading the kernel and/or OS version?

Upgrading shouldn't cause any data loss. However, you should always backup your data, especially before doing such things. Also, the packages you installed normally get updated when upgrading to a newer Ubuntu release, but nothing more. Some repositories might get disabled, can't say why.

Updating the kernel doesn't touch your files (of course, why should it do that?).

In fact, upgrading to a newer kernel or Ubuntu release is extremely easy and if you keep your data backed up also pretty safe.


Modified from: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCdRecovery

Boot the Ubuntu Live CD.
Press Ctrl-Alt-F1

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
sudo chroot /mnt
apt-get dist-upgrade
# If that fails do the following
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

You may get and error saying that you need to run dpkg-reconfigure --all Do it. Broken installations can be fixed with apt-get -f install. If this solution works for you, after you reboot without the LiveCD do a sudo update-grub in a terminal to make sure your updated kernel gets loaded on boot.

If you have trouble accessing your network after chroot, you probably use DHCP and can work around this by adding OpenDNS name servers to your /etc/resolv.conf after you use chroot:

nameserver 208.67.222.222
nameserver 208.67.220.220


first delete your 70-persistent-net file and shutdown your virtual machine after that refresh the MAC address, then again start the machine.

Again you have to edit the interface file, then start the networking service it will work


Kernel panic not syncing VFS after updating Ubuntu server 17.10.1

Have you tried updating the initramfs for the running kernel?

sudo update-initramfs -u -k $(uname -r)
sudo update-grub


Wired LAN is connected to computer but internet is not working

Here's how I set IPs to DHCP on the daily:

Get and install vim (if needed):

sudo apt-get install vim

Open to edit the network interfaces file:

sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

Make changes to the network interface for DHCP not static (note: I referenced My Ubuntu Server 16 LTSs Ethernet port named enp2s0. Be aware that I've also seen p2p1, as well as the classic eth0, your machine may have labeled your Ethernet port slightly differently):

auto enp2s0
iface enp2s0 inet dhcp

Then save the changes with the ESC Key and type:

:wq

Then restart the service as you normally do or as I would do:

sudo ifdown enp2s0

wait

sudo ifup enp2s0

Now check your ifconfig and you should now see the static IP
ifconfig

Good luck and Enjoy!

If that doesn't work, try shutting all network interfaces off and back on with sudo ifdown -a and sudo ifup -a


Looking at the errors that you are getting from your hard drive there, it appears as though your hard drive may be failing.  The second image that you posted is showing I/O sectors that are not readable.

Running sudo badblocks -s /dev/sda will check the entire surface of your hard drive to see if every thing is OK.  Sectors that cannot be read will appear as failures.  If you notice that more and more are appearing then your hard drive is failing.

You can perform a low-level format or Zero Fill on your drive to try to reclaim those sectors.  The format is written to the hard drive sector by sector.  Any bad sectors that cannot be written to should be marked as bad and it will move on.  Once the sector is marked bad the OS will no longer write to those sectors thus no longer causing data corruption to happen.

A low-level format or Zero Fill will erase all data on the drive.  It is recommended to back up all your data from the drive before performing this step.

To perform a the format, boot to Live media, like a LiveCD or LiveUSB, and from a terminal type in the following:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda

This is assuming that your hard drive was detected as /dev/sda.  To determine what your hard drive is, type in the following from a terminal window:

fdisk -l

It will show some data like this

Disk /dev/sda: 256.1 GB, 256060514304 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 31130 cylinders, total 500118192 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000a0278

After the format and if you are still experiencing those same failures or new ones, the drive is dying and should be replaced.

Hope this helps!


Trying to install ncview on Ubuntu 12.04

Quoted from Ncview on Ubuntu (with a couple formatting and capitalization changes):

  Your hint is fine, but you still have to install some packages first:

sudo apt-get install libxt-dev xaw3dg-dev
sudo apt-get install libnetpbm10-dev # ppm support

  In addition to this is two links are needed:

cd /usr/include/X11 ; ln -s Xaw3d Xaw
cd /usr/lib/        ; ln -s libXaw.so.7 libXaw.so

You should also install xorg-dev:

sudo apt-get install xorg-dev

Continuing with those instructions:

  (This looks inconsistent as we mix Xaw3d header with the Xaw lib, but
  anyway) after that

./configure --x-libraries=/usr/X11R6/lib
make
make install

  does the job!


Yes you can!

Ubuntu Server (CLI) minimum requirement.

300 MHz x86 processor
128 MiB of system memory (RAM)
1 GB of disk space
Graphics card and monitor capable of 640x480

See also Ubuntu Server Guide.


install bbswitch to disable nvdia graphic card

I suggest to install proper driver for this adapter and disable it using nvidia-prime. Run in terminal.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352 nvidia-prime
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

reboot and run in terminal

sudo prime-select intel

log off and log on or reboot.

Your Nvidia GPU will be disabled, but can always be enabled by

sudo prime-select nvidia

or using Nvidia X Server Settings program.


AFAIK tty7 is used for Xserver and gnome login screen.
Consoles tty1-6 are always available and you can reach them with Ctrl+Alt+F1-6 anytime without the magic you describe here.


Unable to install Ubuntu 20.04 on Dell XPS 13 9380

There might be problem with the USB stick itself, please check it in other system once and then try again.If it works there might be something wrong with the partition type of bootable device. I mean if you have used rufus or similar software it'll ask you partition type modern systems partition type is GPT you might have made it in MBR or vice versa. Try another software to make your USB bootable.


Problems upgrading to 16.04 from windows 10

At boot, open your boot menu (usually f2 or escape), and select "cd-rom device" or something like that.

Good luck, I hope this helps you.


1. Can You run Ubuntu on your Lenovo 3000 N200?

This is where I have seen the configuration of your machine. Also the minimum system requirement for Ubuntu can be found here on Ubuntu community help. According to the site, minimum system requirements for running a desktop version (I'm sure, you want to run desktop version of Ubuntu and not the server version) are:

1) 700 MHz processor (about Intel Celeron or better).

2) 512 MiB RAM (system memory).

3) 5 GB of hard-drive space (or USB stick, memory card or external drive but see LiveCD for an alternative approach).

4) VGA capable of 1024x768 screen resolution.

5) Either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media.

It would be great to have working internet.

But Ubuntu Desktop 11.04 and up uses Unity as the default Graphical User Interface while the previous releases used GNOME Panel by default. In order to run Unity the system needs a more capable graphics adapter:

1000 ΜHz processor (about Intel Celeron or better).
1024 MiB RAM (system memory).
3D Acceleration Capable Videocard with at least 256 MB.

It is suggested to have atleast 1 GB of RAM to run Ubuntu. If you want to run a lightweight version, you can choose Lubuntu or Xubuntu.

So, yes you can install/run Ubuntu Desktop on your machine.

2. Which version you should use?

You can have two options to choose from. If you just want to experience Ubuntu for some time then you can install the latest version which is Ubuntu 16.10.(documentation for Ubuntu 16.10).
But if you are willing to spend more time with Ubuntu then you should opt for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. It has the benefit that updates will be provided for much longer period (hence the LTS; Long Term Support) (documentation for Ubuntu 16.04L LTS).

3. Can you use Windows 7 with Ubuntu?

Yes, of course you can install Ubuntu with Windows 7. You can use wubi installer for that purpose. Please see the answer to "how can I install Ubuntu without removing Windows". The answer will guide you step by step on installing Ubuntu with Windows 7.


How to install avconv with libfdk_aac on Ubuntu 14.04?

Here's how I do it. But I must warn you, this requires a little courage as you must build libav (This will give you the avconv executable among other tools) yourself. But have no fear, I have done it many times and I'll show you how to to build and install everything without messing your system up. If you don't want your custom libav build anymore, all you have to do is delete a directory.

Prerequisites

First I remove the avconv installed buy default with:

apt-get remove --purge libav-tools

Then make sure you have the required tools for building software in general:

apt-get install build-essential

To get the fastest avconv possible you'll need an assembly compiler. That's easy:

apt-get install yasm

Now get into a scrap directory to build in, I'll do:

mkdir ~/src
cd ~/src

Now clone the libav git repo (you'll need git installed for this):

git clone git://git.libav.org/libav.git

This will give you the the latest and greatest libav source, I have found the bleeding edge code stable enough for my needs and haven't run into any code related bugs during building.

Let the repo clone and then install libfdk-aac through the package manager:

apt-get install libfdk-aac-dev

To make things simple lets just install the libx264 library for avconv to use:

apt-get install libx264-dev

Create a home for the binaries and other files that will be built in a moment
(This will make things easy to uninstall as well):

mkdir ~/apps

Once installed, the avconv executable will be located in ~/apps/bin/
To run avconv from the command line simply add ~/apps/bin to you $PATH

Installation

Now you, need to configure the libav source to use your newly install fdk-aac library.
Simply enter this in the command line:

./configure \
--prefix=~/apps \
--enable-nonfree \
--enable-gpl \
--disable-shared \
--enable-static \
--enable-libx264 \
--enable-libfdk-aac

This command will give you all of libav default encoding and decoding libraries plus
libx264 and libfdk_aac
Note: should you want more encoding functionality try ./configure --help to see all the external libraries you can enable.

Now all thats left to do is build the thing!
This should only take a few minutes on a decent machine.

make && make install

If you added ~/apps/bin to you $PATH you should be able to run 'avconv' now.

To update your custom libav build, just run:

git pull origin

In ~/src/libav/ up pull the latest code. Then reconifgure with the command above, make and make install.

Should you every want to get rid of you custom build and reinstall ubuntu's default libav-tools packages run:

rm -rf ~/apps/
apt-get install libav-tools

And remove ~/apps/bin from your $PATH

Sorry if the task you want to achieve seems daunting, but it makes me proud to use a custom built, bleeding edge version of avconv :) I think the extra work pays off. Hope this helps :)

Verification

Verify it is installed correctly with:

avconv -codecs | grep aac

You want to see:

AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) (decoders: aac libfdk_aac ) (encoders: aac libfdk_aac )

Usage

avconv -f alsa -i default -c:a libfdk_aac -b:a 256k filename.aac

Please note that the infamous experimental flag is now not necessary nor recommended anymore.

You want to see:

  Metadata:
  encoder         : Lavc58.12.1 libfdk_aac


Whats the .local folder for in my Home Directory

This is a recent innovation, followed by Gnome and thus by Ubuntu, to store user-specific data in fixed directories. According to this document, there is

a single directory where user data is stored, defaulting to ~/.local/share;
a single directory where configuration is stored, defaulting to ~/.config;
a single directory which holds non-essential data files, defaulting to ~/.cache.

Historically, Unix programs were free to spread their data all over the $HOME directory, putting their data in dot-files (files starting with ".") or subdirectories such as ~/.vimrc and ~/.vim. The new specification is intended to make this behavior more predictable. I suspect this makes backups of application data easier, in addition to giving your home directory a tidier appearance. Not all applications adhere to this standard yet.

In the .local hierarchy, programs put user information such as emails and calendar events. You could manually remove this data, but then the program would lose its state; unless this is what you intend (e.g. when there is a problem with your configuration), you shouldn't remove or change files in that directory. With .cache you can be more careless as the program should be able to recover - redownload or recompute - all the files if you remove them.


conda activate not working in a bash file

Either

Add eval $(conda shell.bash hook) to your script, or
Call your script with bash -i to invoke your interactive environment


The problem is the way you are trying to install mysql, when you do apt-get install mysql* it tries to install 50 or so different packages and programs, some of which can not be installed together and some which can not be installed without other dependencies. Often these are specialist programs.

To install, just simply run:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server


Does your netbook have a physical wi-fi on/off switch? If that is the case, try turning it off and then on again. See My wireless connection (or other hardware) does not work when I wake up my computer


This is solution for you complete steps to install the memcached and php7 on Ubuntu OS:

First, You get and instal the PHP-7 and memcached:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y tmux curl wget \
    nginx \
    php7.0-fpm \
    php7.0-cli php7.0-curl php7.0-gd \
    php7.0-intl php7.0-mysql php-memcached

Then PHP7 is installed!

Seconds, If php-memcached was not installed, we can build it manually. (However, it's likely available to install via the php7.0-memcached package now).

If you need a newer version of the PHP-Memcached module, we can build it manually. Here's how:

sudo apt-get install -y php7.0-dev git pkg-config build-essential libmemcached-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libmemcached-dev libmemcached11 git build-essential

git clone https://github.com/php-memcached-dev/php-memcached
cd php-memcached
git checkout php7
git pull

/usr/local/php7/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php7/bin/php-config

make
sudo make install

Then we need to setup PHP (CLI and FPM) to use the memcached module. Edit /etc/php/mods-available/memcached.ini, add:

; configuration for php memcached module
; priority=20
extension=memcached.so

Then enable it by including symlinks to that file in the FPM/CLI conf.d directories:

sudo ln -s /etc/php/mods-available/memcached.ini /etc/php/7.0/fpm/conf.d/20-memcached.ini
sudo ln -s /etc/php/mods-available/memcached.ini /etc/php/7.0/cli/conf.d/20-memcached.ini

Reload php-fpm to include the new changes

sudo service php7.0-fpm restart

And there we have it, PHP7 is installed, with Memcached support!


Dash's "search your computer and online sources" stops working after a while

Excluding online search results when searching in Dash could help.

System Settings -> Security & Privacy -> Include online search results

http://www.unixmen.com/disable-unity-online-search-feature-ubuntu-14-10/


Ubuntu 12.04 can't use mouse and internet

This answer only for graphic issue
AMD ATI Catalyst 12.6 Installation
Remove the old AMD driver with these commands:
sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh

sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev* xorg-driver-fglrx

Then start the installation of AMD Catalyst 12.6 with these commands:
cd /tmp && wget -O amd-driver-12-6-x86_64.run http://www2.ati.com/drivers/linux/amd-driver-installer-12-6-x86.x86_64.run

chmod +x amd-driver-12-6-x86_64.run

sudo sh amd-driver-12-6-x86_64.run

Follow instructions and run this command:
sudo aticonfig --initial -f

Reboot you PC
Upgrade from AMD Catalyst 12.* to 12.9
cd /tmp && wget -O amd-driver-installer-9.00-x86.x86_64.run http://www2.ati.com/drivers/embedded/9.00-120815a-146426C-EDG_Direct.zip

Make the package executable
chmod +x amd-driver-installer-9.00-x86.x86_64.run

Create deb packages
sudo sh ./amd-driver-installer-9.00-x86.x86_64.run --buildpkg Ubuntu/precise

Force overwrite the older packages with the new ones
sudo dpkg --force-overwrite -i *.deb

Reboot you PC
If want to unistall them
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev*

Enjoy!


What utility to use to clean up after a disk is suddenly disconnected?

I am not aware of a program to do that for you however I had a device at one stage which would periodically end up in this state by suddenly disconnecting itself.  It would reconnect fine after manually going through the steps you describe above, my solution relied on noticing that when it happened the mount point did show as empty though the system still believed something was mounted.

My solution, put a simple empty file onto the drive the presence of which could then be checked for by a shell script and automatically clean up.  I no longer have the drive or the full shell script but I can give you a basic example how to create your own and you can add in the commands you had to run in order to clean up manually when you did that.

Note in this example I will use /mnt/externalhd as the mountpoint and presume that the file we are looking for is named .isonline in it's root filesystem.  You could check for the presence of an existing file on the drive also assuming that it will not ever change during operation.  Note that the if statement also checks for the /dev entry so we dont create a loop of cleanups while waiting for the device to reconnect, finding and using the disks correct /dev/disk/by-uuid/* entry would be more accurate however and essential if the order of connection of your devices may vary a problem I fortunately never had.

if [ ! -e /mnt/externalhd/.isonline ] && [ -e /dev/sdb ]; then {
   # This line optionally logs the disconnect to a file for your records.
   echo "`date '+%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S'` OFFLINE: /dev/sdb disconnected, cleaning up" >> /var/log/externalhd.log

   # Do whatever you need to do to clean up the bad unmount and enable reconnection

   # Optionally log the completion of the cleanup process
   echo "`date '+%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S'` CLEANUP: /dev/sdb cleanup process completed" >> /var/log/externalhd.log
}
fi

I hope that helps, I am a little fuzzy on the commands I had to run to complete the full cleanup and it seems that I deleted the old script when the drive itself finally died.  Once you have the script set up with the commands you need to run to clean up your drive they will be the same ones you use when doing it manually though you should drop the sudo part from them.

The script can then be run via cron to do a regular check for a bad unmount and automatically clean up whenever one is detected.  Assuming that the script is saved in /home/user/cleanumount then the following steps can add a cron job for it the example will run the check every 5 minutes.

First run the following command:
sudo crontab -u root -e

You may be asked to select a text editor from a list by pressing a number from a menu if so simply choose your preferred editor by pressing the corresponding number.

Then add the following two lines to your crontab (The top line is an optional but recommended comment so you know what it does).

# Run /home/user/cleanumount every 5 minutes to cleanly unmount /dev/sdb after sudden disconnects
*/5 * * * *    /home/user/cleanumount

Then save your file and exit the text editor the new crontab will automatically be installed and loaded into the cron daemon.

In the event that 5 minutes is not frequent enough you can adjust the first part of the line, change it to a simple * to run every minute or for example */2 for every 2 minutes */3 for every 3 minutes and so on.  More detailed information on the crontab can be found by running man 5 crontab

Hope you find that useful, that is unless some other clever person comes along with a nifty tool to make all this information I wrote out for you redundant if so fantastic :)


Remove the installation media (disk or usb) and then reboot.


Short answer

Sounds like an overheating problem.

Long answer

Video decoding (without proper hardware acceleration support) and scientific computing are very demanding tasks and will consume more electric power and consequently heat up your computer. If too much dust assembles over time, the internal fans aren't able to keep enough cool air streaming through the computer case to keep the hardware temperature at acceptable levels. This can cause performance throttling (to decrease power consumption and heat exhaustion) or (most often temporary) random hardware failures that result in system freezes or crashes.

Solution

Try to clean out the dust from your computer.


Get a script variable into subshell launched by find

There are mainly two ways:

Pass it as a second argument to the shell

find ... -exec bash -c '...' _ {} "$log_file" \;

And then you use "$2" instead of ${log_file} inside the script

Pass it via the environment:

log_file=$log_file find ... -exec bash -c '...' _ {} \;

BTW, it's not a subshell.


How do I get an Advent AW10 Printer working?

Unfortunately Advent like Kodak (the technology the advent printers are based on) have never and maybe will never developed Linux drivers for their ESP printer series.

However there is some effort from the community to provide some printing functionality. But this will likely to be not of the extend a Windows driver will offer.

There is a sourceforge project providing CUPS drivers for Kodak printers. On their page they claim some support for the AW10 as well.

  And in the Cxxx series: AdventAWP10 Hero 9.1

We were unable to test this and thus cannot provide an installation guide but it may be worth a try.


It is generally better to remove the factory installed version of ubuntu and make a clean install yourself. If you can start ubuntu on your Inspiron laptop, then just create a bootable USB pen-drive as described here for 14.04 LTS. After that, you can boot your laptop with your pen-drive and make a clean install from there.


Ubuntu Installation boot issues with usb installation

Thank You db429 Your last comment helped me out and i got it working i had to use all those terminal commands from Link


How can I configure a Cisco router via the console using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS?

It seems like you did not properly configure your minicom because it should work. Here is a good document you can follow.  http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/connect-soekris-single-board-computer-using-minicom.html


Large Sized HDD not recognized correctly?

sudo apt-get install gparted

Then launch GParted and switch to your new drive. Choose Device → Create Partition Table and choose "GPT". If you apply this, all data on your HDD will be lost, so make sure to back it up if there is any. Then make a new partition using GParted and make sure its ext4 and takes up all space available.


Ubuntu 18.04: How to create a persistent dummy network interface

I had the same problem on 18.04 server and directly used the systemd-networkd way of configuring interfaces:

I created 2 files in /etc/systemd/network/:

10-dummy0.netdev

[NetDev]
Name=dummy0
Kind=dummy

20-dummy0.network

[Match]
Name=dummy0

[Network]
Address=192.168....
Address=fe80::.....

On boot the dummy interface is created automatically with IPv4 and IPv6 addresses an is shown in ip addr . Also systemctl restart systemd-networkd should create the interface.

I filed a bug on netplan, please support:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/netplan/+bug/1774203

The docs:

https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.netdev.html#
https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html#
https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.network.html#


You can use rfkill to achieve that.

Do

rfkill list all

to get the list of devices attached to your system. Note down the index for your wireless device and then do

rfkill block <index>

When you want to switch it on again, you can use

rfkill unblock <index>

If you are concerned that the index might change, you can use just specify it as 'wlan' instead of specifying it by index. Like,

 rfkill block wlan
 rfkill unblock wlan


Why did Thunderbird replace Evolution in 11.10?

Here's a list of pro's and cons on deciding to change to Thunderbird: https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/desktop-o-default-email-client

Evolution pro's:

Good integration with the desktop already (eg, messaging menu and appmenu)
Integrated with existing translation infrastructure for developers in launchpad
Calendaring functionality by default, and integrated with the desktop
Support for syncing contacts with U1
Contacts sync with GMail
GNOME release process is better aligned with our 6 month cycle
Exchange support (no idea how well this works, but it exists)

Evolution con's:

Outdated and confusing UI
Historically has been fairly slow and unstable (although it is better now)
UI is pretty bad on netbooks and other small form-factor devices
I'm not convinced that Evolutions additional features are that important to our target users

Thunderbird pro's:

Responsive and more active upstream
Familiar brand for users moving from other operating systems, which has the same benefits as shipping Firefox
Lots and lots of extensions, and a very rich extension framework
Initial account setup is so much more intuitive
I like the tabbed interface ;)

Thunderbird con's:

Translations not integrated with Launchpad (we have the same issue with Firefox though)
Integration with the desktop lacking (no messaging menu or appmenu)
No exchange support (not true for lightning: there is a working lightning data provider, http://gitorious.org/lightning-exchange-provider/pages/Home )
Calendaring support is only available via an addon (Lightning), and is not integrated with the panel clock
No GMail or U1 contact sync (although GMail contact support is available via an addon)

And adding all up the result is in favor of Thunderbird it seems.

Here is the the pdf 'Thunderbird & Evolution User research findings' on which they based the conclusion to change.

On canonical Thunderbird & Evolution Usability Testing


If you have Nvidia Optimus technology in your laptop, you have, according to the Project Bumblebee FAQ, two options:

1) Check your system bios for an option to permanently switch to your nvidia graphics card (make sure you uninstall bumblebee before doing that!)

2) If your bios does not provide this feature you can't just run your nvidia card. What can do is starting single applications directly with your nvidia graphics card from a terminal console with

  optirun [yourappofchoice]

Does this help?


How can I change the background color of the unity launcher?

(This is an incomplete answer that needs improvement and investigation, but should provide someone who knows C++ with enough detail to find the real answer)

By default the Launcher uses a light gray semi-transparent color. When you hit invoke the dash, the entire thing takes on a blurred look based on the averages of your wallpaper colors. I asked Marco Trevisan where this can be modified, but it's in a bunch of places.

However, for the launcher when it's just sitting there you need to look in Launcher.cpp:

First grab the code:

bzr branch lp:unity

Then look in unity/plugins/unityshell/src/Launcher.cpp for the _background_color variable and adjust accordingly.


After an extended discussion, we wound up doing this:

downloaded the Ubuntu Live DVD .iso
ran sha1sum and sha256sum against the .iso file and compared the results to the sha1sums and sha256sums files
reset the BIOS to default settings
burned the .iso to DVD
installed Ubuntu from the DVD
reset the boot order in the BIOS
boot Ubuntu from HDD fine!


There are several packages providing a file called schema.sql.

You can search in Ubuntu packages content using http://packages.ubuntu.com and its "Search the contents of packages" form.

The query returns:

    /etc/freeradius/sql/mysql/schema.sql    freeradius-mysql
    /etc/freeradius/sql/postgresql/schema.sql   freeradius-postgresql
    /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/slapos/proxy/schema.sql    slapos-node-unofficial
    /usr/share/dbconfig-common/data/pybit-web/install/pgsql/schema.sql  pybit-web
    /usr/share/doc/libdancer-perl/examples/dancr/schema.sql     libdancer-perl
    /usr/share/doc/libjs-jquery-treetable/examples/ajax_php_sqlite/db/schema.sql    libjs-jquery-treetable
    /usr/share/doc/libpoet-perl/examples/blog/db/schema.sql     libpoet-perl
    /usr/share/doc/libtheschwartz-perl/schema.sql   libtheschwartz-perl
    /usr/share/doc/python-sqlkit-doc/demo/sql/model/schema.sql  python-sqlkit-doc
    /usr/share/doc/python-tornado/examples/blog/schema.sql  python-tornado
    /usr/share/doc/radicale/examples/schema.sql     radicale
    /usr/share/doc/rfc5766-turn-server/schema.sql   rfc5766-turn-server
    /usr/share/ltsp-cluster-control/DB/schema.sql   ltsp-cluster-control
    /usr/share/node-mbtiles/schema.sql  node-mbtiles
    /usr/share/pyshared/slapos/proxy/schema.sql     slapos-node-unofficial
    /usr/share/pyshared/vistrails/core/collection/schema.sql    vistrails
    /usr/share/pyshared/vistrails/packages/persistence/schema.sql   vistrails
    /usr/share/pyshared/vistrails/packages/persistence_exp/schema.sql   vistrails
    /usr/share/rfc5766-turn-server/schema.sql   rfc5766-turn-server

Depending on your needs, install the one corresponding to your application (freeradius-mysql ?).


How to use the dd command to copy an .img file to an SD card?

Try without the /dev/sda6 - that's a block device and not a directory, which is presumably mounted at /media/david/desktop/.


Where can I find a complete list of all Ubuntu releases and life terms?

Not that I know of. Maybe monitoring something like https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/ could help you.

For example, here's a quote from https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2014-January/000178.html

  Ubuntu announced its 13.04 (Raring Ringtail) release almost 9 months
  ago, on April 25, 2013.  This was the first release with our new 9
  month support cycle and, as such, the support period is now nearing
  its end and Ubuntu 13.04 will reach end of life on Monday, January
  27th.  At that time, Ubuntu Security Notices will no longer include
  information or updated packages for Ubuntu 13.04.


How to partition my hard drive for Ubuntu use?

Linux is not all that different to MS-Windows:

Gnu/Linux an improved and Free Unix. MS-Windows is based on MS-Dos that is a poor clone of CPM that was inspired by Unix.

There is one main difference: Gnu/Linux and all Unixes have one root, one unified hierarchy, and therefore no drive letters. MS-Windows, DOS and CPM have multiple hierarchies, one for each drive/partition, they are given letters (e.g. c:). On Gnu/Linux home will be mounted on /home, it will be there no matter if it is on the same partition, a separate partition or a network share. The advantage of this approach is that the name of files is not dependant on the location of the storage device. The advantage of the Ms-Windows, dos, cpm way is that is was easier for the operating system programmers when they wrote the operating system.

Sub-trees (from other partition, disks or network share etc. ) can be grafted on, but there is one tree per computer. You can even share sub-trees between computers using network file shares, but they are sub-trees not new trees.

Type mount -l on a command line to see all mounts. Note this includes a few special mounts that have no backing store. Also df -h to get usage info.

Example from my system:

#how full are my filesystems.
df -h --print-type
Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5     ext4     20G  9.7G  8.7G  53% /
tmpfs        tmpfs    1.5G     0  1.5G   0% /lib/init/rw
udev         tmpfs    1.5G  284K  1.5G   1% /dev
tmpfs        tmpfs    1.5G  4.0K  1.5G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda6     ext4     87G   64G   18G  79% /home
/dev/sdb2     ext4    230G   85G  133G  39% /media/extra

#detailed info on what is mounted, but no size or usage info.
mount -l
/dev/sda5 on / type ext4 (rw,dirsync,errors=remount-ro,barrier=1,data=journal,auto_da_alloc,journal_checksum) [debian]
tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda6 on /home type ext4 (rw,dirsync,errors=remount-ro,barrier=1,data=journal,auto_da_alloc,journal_checksum) [debian-home]
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/sdb2 on /media/extra type ext4 (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks) [extra]

The root file-system / [equivelent to c:] is on primary hard-disk partition.
On /lib/init/rw we have a temporary ram based file system. (probably used by init, process 1, probably best it ignore it)
on /proc we have the proc file-system. This is magic, it is a dynamic file-system, it can tell you lots of cool stuff about you processes/system.
on /sys we have the sys file-system. (see what I said about /proc)
on /dev we have udev. udev manages /dev. /dev is a where lots of magic lives, lots of things that you may not think of as files live there: partitions, audio/video input output, keyboard, mouse, a black-hole (/dev/null), a source of nothing (/dev/zero), etc.
on /home is another disk partition. This is where users directories are. [Equivalent to ?:\User on modern Microsoft os, where ? may be C, or something else].
on /media/extra is an external hard-disk. /media is a place that external drives get mounted on automatically. In /media is also a directories /media/cdrom and /media/cdrom0 the first a reference to the other. They are empty directories, but if I put in a cdrom. Then the cd appears here. [ Equivalent to random-letter-of-the-day:\]

more examples:

#what swap have I got, and what is being used.
/sbin/swapon -s
Filename        Type        Size      Used   Priority
/dev/sda7       partition   4095992   0      -1

#what disks and partitions have I got.
ls -l /dev/disk/by-path/*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 Jul 15 22:39 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:1.1:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 -> ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jul 15 19:36 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:1.1:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part2 -> ../../sdb2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 Jul 15 22:39 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.2-scsi-0:0:0:0 -> ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jul 15 22:39 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.2-scsi-0:0:0:0-part3 -> ../../sda3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jul 15 19:36 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.2-scsi-0:0:0:0-part5 -> ../../sda5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jul 15 19:36 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.2-scsi-0:0:0:0-part6 -> ../../sda6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jul 15 19:36 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.2-scsi-0:0:0:0-part7 -> ../../sda7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 Jul 15 19:36 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.2-scsi-1:0:0:0 -> ../../sr0

/dev is the directory that raw devices live in. /dev/sd* are disk partitions. /dev/sda is primary hard disk /dev/sdb is secondary hard disk in my case an external one. /dev/sd?1 is first partition of a disk. 1,2,3,4 are primary partitions, 5,6,7,etc are secondary partitions.


How can I add gnome-shell to the regular Ubuntu Natty login screen along with "Ubuntu" "Ubuntu Classic", maybe as "User defined"?

Ubuntu 11.04 includes most of what you need to do this. All you need to do is create a new file named /usr/share/xsessions/gnome-shell.desktop with this content:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Ubuntu GNOME Shell Desktop
Comment=This session logs you into GNOME with GNOME Shell
Exec=gnome-session --session=gnome
TryExec=gnome-session
Icon=
Type=Application


I also had the same problem. The ID3 tag has to be converted from ID3v2 to ID3v1 before id3ren can read it. The simple utility id3convert can do the trick. Either of these commands will perform the same action, converting any ID3 tag to ID3v1:

id3convert -1 *.mp3
id3convert --v1tag *.mp3


Has my Dell laptop come with partitions?

Default Ubuntu partitioning

In a default installation Ubuntu will create three partitions on an empty hard drive:

/sda1 boot and root partition mounted on /
/sda2 a small unmounted extended partition
/sda5 a swap partition mounted as /swap

This is likely the partition scheme you have from your laptop coming with a preinstalled Ubuntu.

In your case Dell added two additional FAT32 partitions probably with custom tools which seem of little use for Ubuntu. These partition however may be needed for booting (hard to say when we dont know much of their content). As your laptop now has 4 primary partitions no additional primary partition (but still secondary partitions) can be added. This further complicates repartitioning in your case.

View partition layout

You do not need to run gparted from the live CD to just view the partitions. We can do so by running the Disk Utility (search for "Disk" in the Dash on pressing Win-Key), or with the following command in a terminal:

sudo fdisk -l

Change partition layout

You can change the partition layout not so easily as shrinking the existing partition to allow space for a new partition is needed. Then we may also need to move our home to this new partition.

There is nothing wrong with having Ubuntu system files and your HOME on a single partition, even though some people believe it is ieasier to maintain, backup or reinstall your Ubuntu if you keep HOME on a separate partition.

Reinstall easier?

In case your installation is new, and you have not yet filled it with important data you may want to consider a fresh reinstall where you can choose the partition layout during installation to create the HOME directories on a separate partition. You may then have to install some hardware specific drivers in addition.

If you plan a reinstallation you may also want to see if you want to install a 64-bit Ubuntu or a newer release as your factory installation may be a 32-bit older release only.

What will give me least headaches

Whatever you plan to do, the least troublesome experience for a beginner is to just leave the system as it is. Make yourself familiar with Ubuntu, and keep regular backups from all files in your /home directory. Then you can always change the partition layout any time later, upgrade, or reinstall your OS.


Unable to sync time using `ntpdate`, error: "no server suitable for synchronization found"

my ntp (/etc/ntp.conf) says

server 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org
server 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org
server 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org
server 3.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org

change yours to this and do it as root (sudo -i)

service ntp stop

do the changes:

service ntp start

test it

date

UPDATE:
last night I have to configure a machine and found this that could be helpful

~# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

You can set your time zone and exit (as root: sudo -i)

:~# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

Current default time zone: 'America/Montevideo'
Local time is now:      Tue Mar  6 13:18:00 UYST 2012.
Universal Time is now:  Tue Mar  6 15:18:00 UTC 2012.

:~#


the simpliest way is to send emails at a specific time using the email client "Thunderbird" and the addon "Send later" https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/send-later-3/
Important: Thunderbird should be active at the requested time/date. If not the addon will send the Email the next time you start the client...

Another method (out of the Ubuntu-Universe) is using the Browser "Google Chrome" and the extension: "Right Inbox for Gmail" from the Chrome Web Store. With this method even if the computer is not running the mail will be sent at the specified time.


How to create a zip file from contents of a folder with certain name pattern?

Example Using zip(you can choose any other compression tool instead):

find /path-to-dir -name 'log_*' | zip archive.zip -@

example:

$ ls
file  log_1  log_2  log_3

Now zip all files log_* in zipped called archive.zip

$ find . -name 'log_*' | zip archive.zip -@
  adding: log_1 (stored 0%)
  adding: log_3 (stored 0%)
  adding: log_2 (stored 0%)

Now let's check output:

$ ls
archive.zip  file  log_1  log_2  log_3


I'm getting errors while installing wifi drivers. How can I fix this?

On some other computer, go to this site: https://packages.ubuntu.com/ Select your Ubuntu version; check from the terminal:

lsb_release -d

And your architecture; either 32- or 64-bit:

arch

Search for the package build-essential. Download it and all its dependencies. The dependencies are indicated by a red dot; in this case, dpkg-dev, g++, gcc, libc6-dev and make. Download these packages, too. Transfer the .deb files to the desktop of the Ubuntu machine. Then, from the terminal:

cd ~/Desktop
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

It may complain that a package is missing a dependency. If so, download that and add it to the desktop and try again.

EDIT: If, on the other hand, you have an available ethernet connection, you may quite simply do:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential

All the needed dependencies, and their dependencies, will be automatically installed.

Footnote: We'd like to confirm the details of your USB wireless as there may be a better way than this lengthy process. Please edit your question to add the result of:

lsusb

EDIT2: Your wireless device is this: 0bda:a811 Realtek Semiconductor Corp.

With a temporary working internet connection by ethernet, tethered or whatever means possible, open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall build-essential git
git clone https://github.com/gnab/rtl8812au.git
sudo dkms add ./rtl8812au
sudo dkms build -m 8812au/4.2.2
sudo dkms install -m 8812au/4.2.2

Reboot and your wireless should be working.


OpenVPN, Server 12.04, connect to machines in home LAN behind VPN server

This is an option: http://openvpn.net/index.php/open-source/documentation/miscellaneous/76-ethernet-bridging.html .
Another option is to route Lan clients to your VPN clients and viceversa, VPN clients should route your Lan network through your VPN server; and your Lan clients should route your VPN network through your VPN server.

Add this to your Lan clients (replace 192.168.1.254 with your LAN server IP address)

route add -net 10.8.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.254

Your VPN clients should get the route automatically with the line from your config

push "route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0"


I managed to reimport exports done with wine's $> regedit:

wine start regedit.exe /home/myname/path/foo.reg

Note: foo.reg coming from wine's regedit looks a little different than usual_:

REGEDIT4

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\SomeApplication\Layout]
"WindowState"="1"
"FormWidth"="800"
"FormHeight"="600"
"FormTop"="50"
"FormLeft"="50"

In constrast the (non-working) native form:

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_USERS\S-1-5-21-123456789-1000\Software\SomeApplication\Layout]
"WindowState"="1"

The first version works reliably. But I am not sure, how to transform the latter to the former... (replacing line 1 is trivial, but according to what rules getting to those „simplified“ keys...)


Updating instructions for Xubuntu 14.04.1

First remove the old launcher
sudo rm /etc/xdg/autostart/xfce4-power-manager.desktop

Then create a new one....
Settings Manager / System / Session and StartupChoose tab Application Autostart

At the bottom click Add and enter the following:

Name:     Xfce Power Manager (for example your name)
   Description:         Power manager    startup   New command:     xfce4-power-manager --no-daemon

Edited because the askubuntu interface is messing up CR/LF


NetworkManager updates to a bad nameserver in /etc/resolv.conf on restart

I figured it out. Everything was commeted out in my /etc/dnsmasq.conf. I had to set the dns server.
/etc/dnsmasq.conf
server=8.8.8.8

/etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by resolvconf
nameserver 127.0.0.1

These commands were helpful debugging
sudo systemctl status dnsmasq #dnsmasq should be running
sudo netstat -tulpn #dnsmasq should be listening on 0.0.0.0:53
nslookup debian.org localhost #should return IP address of debian.org


How can a Bluetooth keyboard that requires a code entry be paired in the terminal?

You can try running bluetoothctl from the command line, make sure your device is on / ready to be discovered:

$ bluetoothctl
[NEW] Controller AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF device-name [default]

Any other bluetooth devices will be listed here.  You'll then be inside a [bluetooth] prompt.

First, turn bluetooth power on (if your device is off):

[bluetooth]# power on
Changing power on succeeded

Then, make sure your agent is registered:

[bluetooth]# agent on
Agent registered

[bluetooth]# default-agent
Default agent request successful

Now you can scan for devices from the console:

[bluetooth]# scan on
Discovery started
[CHG] Controller AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF Discovering: yes
[NEW] Device FF:EE:DD:CC:BB:AA Someone's Keyboard

You can manually pair from here as well:

[bluetooth]# pair FF:EE:DD:CC:BB:AA
Attempting to pair with FF:EE:DD:CC:BB:AA
[CHG] Device C8:E0:EB:04:52:55 Connected: yes

At this point, you should be prompted to enter a pin code for pairing:

Request PIN code
[agent] Enter PIN code: 12345

Enter a number (eg. 12345), and you will be prompted to input the same number from the device:

[Someone's Keyboard]# 12345

You should then be notified that your keyboard has paired:

[CHG] Device FF:EE:DD:CC:BB:AA Paired: yes

Hopefully this works for you, was trying to solve this for a while before I found any reference to bluetoothctl.

EDIT: The Ubuntu Touch OTA9 release includes Bluez 5, enabling pairing with the ThinkPad keyboards. Here's the little BQ Aquaris E4.5 acting almost as a palmtop.


Add some text around email addresses in multiple files

$ sed 's/.*/{"email":"&"}/' file
{"email":"%%%%%%%%%%@yahoo.com"}
{"email":"%%%%%%@wanadoo.fr"}
{"email":"%%%%raviplywoodglasscentre@yahoo.comravi"}
{"email":"%%nameemail%%@yahoo.com"}
{"email":"%.getincontact@numberland.com"}
{"email":"%0dronbracale@roadrunner.com"}
{"email":"%1%3@example.com"}
{"email":"%1@elsewhere.com"}
{"email":"%1@example.com"}

So to act on all files you could do

sed -i 's/.*/{"email":"&"}/' *

To keep a copy of the old files

sed -i.old 's/.*/{"email":"&"}/' *

Explanation

-i.old modify files in place instead of printing to stdout, and save a copy of each file before modification with an extension .old
s/old/new replace old with new
.* any characters on the line
& the matched pattern


How to run a cronjob after every 5minutes

Use this syntax:

*/5 * * * * .....

But, the described situation needs to split the crontab entries in two:

30,35,40,45,50,55 13 * * *  /your_job
0,5,10,15,20,25,30 14 * * * /your_job

Little more info:

The crontab looks like this:

(minutes) (hours) (day of month) (month) (day of week) (command)

Also you can use range of numbers (ex. 8-11) or list (ex. 1,2,5,10). More info you can find typing:
 info crontab
In terminal.


You have to configure port forwarding in your router to you SSH server.


How do I report a typo on the Unity website?

Bugs on the Ubuntu Website can be reported directly in Launchpad:

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu-website-content

No need to file it this time, I've corrected the typo, thanks!


Detect if its Ubuntu Linux OS in Makefile

We use cat /etc/lsb-release for identifying the Ubuntu release:

sh-3.2$  cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=8.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=hardy
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 8.04.4 LTS"

For other releases it might be

ls /etc/*release

Gentoo, RedHat, Arch & SuSE all have a release file: http://linuxmafia.com/faq/Admin/release-files.html These is a complete script in the link ;)

Example code for operation system, architecture and version for Ubuntu type systems:

OS=$(shell lsb_release -si)
ARCH=$(shell uname -m | sed 's/x86_//;s/i[3-6]86/32/')
VER=$(shell lsb_release -sr)


You cannot install Silverlight in Ubuntu since it is a proprietary Microsoft plugin that does not work with Linux. If you need silverlight functionality you can try your luck with Pipelight which is an open source implementation of this.

You can install pipelight directly from their ppa:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pipelight/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends pipelight-multi
sudo pipelight-plugin --update


How to install and configure a TFTP server on 14.04

Install following packages.

sudo apt-get install xinetd tftpd tftp

Create /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

sudo nano /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

and put this entry

service tftp
{
protocol        = udp
port            = 69
socket_type     = dgram
wait            = yes
user            = nobody
server          = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args     = /tftpboot
disable         = no
}

Create a folder /tftpboot this should match whatever you gave in server_args. mostly it will be tftpboot

sudo mkdir /tftpboot
sudo chmod -R 777 /tftpboot
sudo chown -R nobody /tftpboot

Restart the xinetd service.

sudo /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

You must allow udp port 69 in firewall.

Edit 1

Like I say, first tftp localhost, then get ....

Give output cat /var/log/syslog | grep tftp


How can I use custom dns names to access web interfaces on different ports?

Yes.

You can do it two ways: you can add multiple IP's to the interface, and make them listen to their own IP only. This is kinda ugly, but it works.

The other way is to set up a reverse proxy that understands the name the client sends. Apache can do this, using mod_proxy. This is a better setup IMHO, as it scales better, and even works from the internet when ports are forwarded.

You can probably use varnish, squid or nginx also, but I don't know these...

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-apache-http-server-as-reverse-proxy-using-mod_proxy-extension will provide you with a good starting point.


Info: In linux equivalent of traceroute is pre-installed:

tracepath

Solution of your error message:

   sudo apt-get install --fix-missing
   sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install traceroute


The basic thing you need to grasp in this case between both ways of redirecting (> and >>) is:

>

Redirects and overwrites the information where it was pointed to. This happens while receiving any information through pipe "|"

>>

Redirects and concatenates to the information it was pointed to. This happens while receiving any information through pipe "|"

In both cases if the file does not exist, it will be created instead. Only on ">>" will the information be concatenated if you run it again on the same file. With ">" you would simply overwrite everything you did on the first run.

But here is the deal when using the same input file as the output file. In that particular case, if you use ">" you would be removing the information the "input" part needs to parse, since the output file would be "overwriting it". So in:

rev file.txt | cat > file.txt

What is actually happening in "slow motion explanation" is:

rev prepares to reverse the content of file.txt and send it to pipe
While rev is sending the information to pipe, pipe streams it directly to cat.
While cat is receiving the information it will automatically apply it to the file.txt it was set with.
The keyword here is "while", because everything is happening at the same time. Please see the excellent comments below by Emil to have a deeper understanding on this part.
cat will not wait for rev to pipe the whole file. It will simply start the minute the first part of the information gets to it, which means, depending on what symbol you used, it will open a connection to file.txt.
In this case since you used the > instead of >>, the shell will truncate the output file which means it will open and clear the information of file.txt while waiting for the new information to get to it. With >> it would open a connection with file.txt and wait for new information on the last line detected.
Since the information was already cleared in file.txt with >, rev would try to do it's work and get nothing because cat deleted everything in preparation for the new information.

So why do the others work after reading the above. Because of this:

rev file.txt | cat > file2.txt && mv file.txt file2.txt

Here you are piping to cat which is sending the information to another file. In this case, the processed input file file.txt is not the same as the output file file2.txt. After that you are literally overwriting the whole file2.txt with file.txt, so all the process made by cat was deleted. Basically the whole line could be simplified like cp file.txt file2.txt because it is doing the same thing since file2.txt at the end looses the rev and is overwritten with the mv command.

rev file.txt | cat >> file.txt

In this case you are concatenating the information to the same file. So it is only opening a connection to that file but not erasing the information as seen with a single >. The end result should be, the original information plus the reversed information.


QML: Will the Ubuntu Phone be theme-able, and do I need to develop with that in mind?

Yes and no. The Ubuntu UI Toolkit provides a default theme, but there is no setting to use a different theme. A different random theme might entirely change how the UI functions, as well as looks, and might not work well on touch based devices.

However, in your app, you can specify some different colors for things. You'll notice for example that the Calendar, Calculator, Music, and other apps do not all have the same colors for everything, but the layout and functionality is generally consistent, and they do look like they all belong on the same system. That is how Ubuntu for phones is designed to be.

Apps are confined, so the user won't be able to change the background color in your app, unless your app specifically provides some way to do it.


Why is the default swappiness 60? What would be the effect if I lower the swappiness value for my desktop PC?

Your premise is wrong. There is no 'good for servers' swapiness value.

Swapiness is the amount of swapping that is done, especially how aggressively you swap. For my servers the swappiness is close to zero, as I make damn sure they have memory enough for everything. There is no 'best for servers' value. there is 60, which is the default, and then there is "your value" which depends on usage and available memory.

If you have servers that sometimes use LOADS of memory, you could have them higher than default, but I would say that some servers (database servers?) might want to keep them way lower than a home computer would.


"Problem with MergeList /var/lib/apt/lists/repository.spotify.com" while updating the list

This won't be solved by uninstalling Spotify, only by removing the Spotify apt repository from your list of apt repositories.

Start the program Software & Updates, go to the tab Other Software and uncheck http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free

This is both a problem with the Spotify repository and apt itself.

The repository is clearly broken. If you look at the file mentioned being broken, you see it contains HTML.
It is bad of apt to die like this, preventing even critical security upgrades from installing, because of a bad third party repository is broken.

I work at Spotify. We suck! We will fix.

Update: You can also wait and the problem will go away once this has been fixed. However, if you badly need to upgrade or install some software right now, you need to remove the repository. If you still want Spotify updates later, don't forget to add it back again.

Update 2: It seems I was incorrect. The repository has been fixed and no longer redirects and returns HTML, but the offending file still needs to be removed, before your can continue.

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/repository.spotify.com_dists_stable_non-free_i18n_Translation-en%5fUS


not authorized to perform operation polkit authority not available

Remote connections such as Remote Desktop / xrdp sessions have permissions separately from local sessions.

Authorizations are handled by polkit.

Try the following:

To see details for registered actions, you can run:
pkaction --verbose | more

What you need to do is identify the registered action (policy file) for what you are trying to do. If the registered action works locally but not remotely, you can change

ResultInactive=no to ResultInactive=yes in that policy file.

After that, reboot or restart the associated service.


can not comment because of lack of reputation,
but you can install Y PPA Manager & then you could remove the erroneous PPA & then try updating.

Update @Eliah, as told

To Install Y PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager

as far as how to manage & other things goes: try this


Unable to login following permission changes in device manager (11.10 + Gnome)

If you really did change the permissions on your root partition, there are limited options for you other than a complete reinstall.  There are too many files owned by too many different users to be practical to restore the permissions by hand.  Anything that you could do without a working backup would be a hack, and I'm hesitant to give you my thoughts on that.  You could, for example, change the permissions to read-write for all on the root partition, which may get you back into a "working" system, but would be incredibly bad security.  Something like that could only be a temporary fix.

Really, you should reinstall.  You should do things like save/recover the list of packages installed so that when you reinstall the system goes back to having all the packages you had before.  See http://www.arsgeek.com/2006/09/19/ubuntu-tricks-how-to-generate-a-list-of-installed-packages-and-use-it-to-reinstall-packages/  for example.  This can be done from the recovery console, assuming you can get into it.  You can also backup/restore your /home directory so you don't lose any files.  This exercise will probably move you beyond the rank of "newbie".  Good luck.


I do these things always manually using fdisk and resize2fs, however this is a little dangerous if you don't know what to do.

The steps would be as follows. You need to be root for that or use sudo in front of the commands. No guarantees for you data. Use at your own risk.

First I recommend to make a backup of your data. Then backup the existing partition table in ASCII and binary form to a usbstick using:

fdisk /dev/sda -lu > /media/usbstick/sda.txt
dd if=/dev/sda of=/media/usbstick/sda.mbr count=1

I assume here that your harddrive is called /dev/sda here.

You can then first resize your partition by removing it and recreating it bigger at the exact same position (!) as before. You need of course some space after the partition on your harddrive.

fdisk -u /dev/sda

Enter p followed by ENTER to print the existing partition table, remember the Start position of the partition. Delete it using d and the partition number and recreated it with n at the exact same start position. Write the table with w.

Then use resize2fs /dev/sda1 (or whatever you partition number is) to resize the file system to the new partition size. This should work while the file system is mounted. An off-line resize is however more recommended.


Why can I not update Gnome to version 3.34

Type in a console/terminal:

flatpak update

helped in my case. No need to do anything guiverc suggested.

This updated the following packages:

$ flatpak update
Looking for updates…

        ID                                                  Arch          Branch        Op       Remote        Download
 1. [✓] org.freedesktop.Platform.Locale                     x86_64        18.08         u        flathub         1.0 kB / 316.0 MB
 3. [✓] org.freedesktop.Sdk.Locale                          x86_64        18.08         u        flathub         1.0 kB / 319.4 MB
 4. [✓] org.gnome.Platform.Locale                           x86_64        3.28          u        flathub         1.0 kB / 188.9 MB
 5. [✓] org.gnome.Platform.Locale                           x86_64        3.30          u        flathub         1.0 kB / 320.2 MB
 7. [✓] org.gnome.Platform                                  x86_64        3.34          u        flathub         1.0 kB / 318.4 MB
 9. [✓] org.gnome.Sdk                                       x86_64        3.34          u        flathub         1.0 kB / 658.5 MB
10. [✓] org.gnome.Sdk.Locale                                x86_64        3.34          u        flathub         1.0 kB / 326.3 MB
11. [✗] org.freedesktop.Platform.openh264                   x86_64        19.08         i        flathub       593.6 kB / 593.4 kB

Warning: org.freedesktop.Platform.openh264 not installed
Changes complete.

        ID                                               Arch              Branch            Remote            Download
 1. [✓] org.gnome.Sdk.Locale                             x86_64            3.32              flathub           17.4 kB / 323.2 MB
 2. [✓] org.freedesktop.Platform.html5-codecs            x86_64            18.08             flathub            2.9 MB / 3.3 MB
 3. [✓] org.freedesktop.Platform.VAAPI.Intel             x86_64            18.08             flathub            1.8 MB / 1.8 MB

Installation complete.


Used locate command to search the numbers:
locate / 405050011390461
It is a dir in /var/lib/ofono. Searched ask ubuntu. Found the solution at following link:
http://hich-em.org/2014/05/10/problem-in-my-3g-modem-connection-activation-failed-in-14-04/

Install the two programs by opening a terminal and enter:

sudo apt-get install modemmanager
sudo apt-get install usb_modeswitch

Internet is working


How to draw a normal curve in Libreoffice Calc?

I created a data set with 24 numbers. Then random numbers between 0 and 11. Then calculated the Normal Distribution using the formula shown.

All functions are medium well documented. Go to Insert>Function and search.


VNC client not working -- Not able to see the changes happening on the other side

It's likely that you have set up desktop effects on the pc/server that you're trying to connect to.  If this is the case, you can't use the built-in VNC server that comes with Ubuntu by default.  Instead, you have to use the x11vnc package (or something similar) that supports the "noxdamage" option.

See this question/answer for further details on how to set this up :
VNC doesn't work with compiz


Ubuntu - Disable or Remove default VNC server

sudo apt remove vino will remove it.

But someone could reinstall it.


Use rename :

rename 's/^joob/job/' joob_*

This will change the file names starting with joob to job.

Test :

$ ls
joob_1_1  joob_1_2  joob_2_1  joob_2_5

$ rename 's/^joob/job/' joob_*

$ ls
job_1_1  job_1_2  job_2_1  job_2_5


Best logical structure to keep a dual boot Windows + Ubuntu

Ubuntu can reliably read from and write into NTFS directories. However, Windows cannot reliably read from and write into ext4 directories, even with drivers and add-ons which are intended to give you that capability.

The shared NTFS partition is not likely to cause you any more trouble than if you didn't have it.

Make sure not to use Hibernation from either Windows or Ubuntu, as it puts the drives in an unwritable state as far as the other OS is concerned. I've removed Hibernation from my Windows 10 OS and never installed it in Ubuntu.

It's unlikely you will need 180 GB for the Ubuntu OS, so later on you may wish to resize things, which you can do by booting from a LiveUSB. There are many posts here which explain how.


how to remove unwanted items from gnome "Other menu"

Go to System Tools >> Preferences >> Main Menu and Deselect the Ones you don't want to view in Other Menu as


Try

 echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" >/etc/resolv.conf

or changing the download server in Software & Updates

 software-properties-gtk


Are you sure you want to remove the recovery partition? It will make recovering a dead windows installation much more difficult.

From a LiveCD with GParted, you can delete that partition (sda6), move all partitions after your Windows partition (sda4 in this instance) towards the end of the disk¹, and resize sda4.

¹ This can take hours.


Ok, looks like this isn't the wifi card or driver, it's the AP.  I changed to a different one on the same network and boom 150Mb/s   Of course this Trendnet should be able to do 300Mb/s.  so that isn't entirely solved, but until I see at least 150 out of it, I am blaming the AP.


How to setup one ethernet interface as dhcp server and another interface as static ip?

I think it should work this way: setup the two interfaces in /etc/network/interfaces. Install dhcp3-server package. After that, in the /etc/defaults/dhcp3-server configuration file, you can tell the DHCP server, on what interface(s) it should listen: INTERFACES="eth0". That's all!


If I install Ubuntu over PCLinuxOS will I loose my files?

You shouldn't have any loss of data if you install Ubuntu on your hard disk as a dual boot system.  But since you want to install over, I would highly recommend that you backup all that you need before installing Ubuntu, because you will lose your data, since the installation will erase your partition.

For info on how to backup, see Backup Your System.  For more info on how . to install Ubuntu see Install Ubuntu 13.04, and for 12.04.


What is the "canary thread" and why is it starving?

The term "canary" as used here comes from coal mining originally.  Coal miners used canaries to detect dangerous gases (if the canary they carried with them died, they knew they had to get out of the shaft/mine ASAP).  As a result the term "canary" is now often used for anything that you use to get an (early) warning about a dangerous situation.

In this case it seems like 'rtkit' starts a "normal" thread to test if the threads that get "real time" priorities are "starving" other threads (& processes), where "starving" means that they get too little processor time.  This is a safety measure to make sure that processes/threads that have access to real time priorities don't use up so much CPU time that other tasks get none anymore.

So apparently some thread(s) that got real-time priorities from rtkit is/are misbehaving, and trying to monopolize the CPU, rtkit detects this with its "canary thread", and thus rtkit takes away the real-time priorities.


apt-get commands do not work on Ubuntu Core (snappy). Instead you will need to use snappy install commands.

I do not believe that xen hypervisor is available on snappy at this stage though. So you would need to talk with the team behind it to find out if they can make a port available.


I had this too.

I entered password but only got back to login screen.
Luckily I had another account into which I could login.
From there I could see that my main account was encrypted.

The fix was to do:

sudo apt install ecryptfs-utils


How to change useragent of default Ubuntu Web browser?

1-st way (GUI):

Installing dconf Editor:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install dconf-editor -y

Run it:

$ dconf-editor

Go to:

/org/gnome/epiphany/web/user-agent

Switch Use default value to OFF
Insert Your custom user-agent string to Custom value field.

Close dconf Editor.
Chaeck Your user-agent with link: https://www.whatismybrowser.com/detect/what-is-my-user-agent

2-nd way (Command-line):

To set use this command and replace YOUR_CUSTOM_USER_AGENT to your value:

gsettings set org.gnome.Epiphany.web:/org/gnome/epiphany/web/ user-agent 'YOUR_CUSTOM_USER_AGENT'

For Example:

gsettings set org.gnome.Epiphany.web:/org/gnome/epiphany/web/ user-agent 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.121 Safari/537.36'

To check current user-agent value use command:

gsettings get org.gnome.Epiphany.web:/org/gnome/epiphany/web/ user-agent

To revert to the default user-agent:

gsettings reset org.gnome.Epiphany.web:/org/gnome/epiphany/web/ user-agent

Result:


var/log/syslog growing indefinitely in size

This indefinite growth generally occurs due to repeated log of one or more errors from the same source.
In my case it was due to continual report of connection error from the wifi monitoring interface mon0 I have used to monitor my wifi traffic.
There have been error reports of such overflow occurring in various other interfaces like tun0 from VPN etc.

I have resolved my issue by clearing the /var/log/syslog file

To tackle this error

You need to find the source of this error and stop it from producing any further overflow of log
Then clear the var/log/syslog file

Problems you might face doing the same

Cant open var/log/syslog: due to massive size any editor is bound to crash
Cant clear /var/log/syslog: Again due to massive size clearing is a challenge too

So, for viewing the error that caused the overflow

tail -f /var/log/syslog

For clearing use:

sudo cat /dev/null > /var/log/syslog


The PPA packages have a >= dependency relationship for many packages:

Package: php5
Version: 5.5.26+dfsg-1+deb.sury.org~vivid+1
Depends: libapache2-mod-php5 (>= 5.5.26+dfsg-1+deb.sury.org~vivid+1~) | libapache2-mod-php5filter (>= 5.5.26+dfsg-1+deb.sury.org~vivid+1~) | php5-cgi (>= 5.5.26+dfsg-1+deb.sury.org~vivid+1~) | php5-fpm (>= 5.5.26+dfsg-1+deb.sury.org~vivid+1~), php5-common (>= 5.5.26+dfsg-1+deb.sury.org~vivid+1~)

So, if you want to install a specific version of all of them, you'll likely have to specify individual packages with the version specified:

sudo apt-get install {php5,libapache2-mod-php5,php5-common}=5.5.26+dfsg-1+deb.sury.org~vivid+1

Or use pinning so that the PPA has a higher priority than the Ubuntu repositories.


Ubuntu Firewall: Apache only visible on lan

You can specify an IP range using the from parameter, e.g. if your LAN IP range is 192.168.1.xxx

sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 80

You will then need to delete the pre-exisiting less restrictive rule - I find it easiest to do that by rule number i.e. first use

sudo ufw status numbered

and then (if the 'old' port 80 rule is #8 for example)

sudo ufw delete 8

and confirm (y|n). If you have/need IPv6 rules as well you will need to do the same for those.


How to change Okular's "Find..." highlight color?

Cannot add as comment in question because of low reputation, but here's the ongoing bug discussion. One workaround (not ideal, I know, and it doesn't work for already highlighted texts) would be to change the default highlighter color...

To do so (Okular v1.1.3), go to Settings -> Configure Okular -> Annotations -> Select highlighter in the "Annotation tools" list -> Edit -> And change default color.


First of all, please let us know how was TB 5.0 was installed. Was it again through a tar.bz file or through Synaptic? Have you added any PPAs to your system?

Then, I suggest you do the following:

Run a dpkg -l |grep ^i |grep thunderbird and post the results here.
This command will show whether Thunderbird is currently installed through the repositories as well as its version.
If you want to upgrade to the latest 6.0 version, you could try to add the official PPA by typing:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mozillateam/thunderbird-stable

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install thunderbird


Creating desktop icons in LUBUNTU 20.04 LTS , using LXQT -problems making launchable

As others have mentioned in comments, the differences between Lubuntu 18.04 and Lubuntu 20.04 are drastic due to the new desktop environment.
If you read the release notes for Lubuntu 20.04, you will see the following note under "Support":

Due to the extensive changes required for the shift in desktop
environments, the Lubuntu team does not support upgrading from 18.04
or below to any greater release. Doing so will result in a broken
system. If you are on 18.04 or below and would like to upgrade, please
do a fresh install.

Your best path to "upgrade" to Lubuntu 20.04 isn't really an upgrade at all.  You should download Lubuntu 20.04 installation media and install Lubuntu 20.04 cleanly from the external installation media.  For best results, format (erase) your hard drive ahead of time.


My wallpaper cannot be changed and my ubuntu tweak cannot launch even after an ugrade

Download Ubuntu Tweak 0.8.4, Now Compatible With Ubuntu 13.04

 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get upgrade -y # it will upgrade the ubuntu tweak which is already installed
 OR
 sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak -y

Try it, I hope this will fix your issue


/etc/gdm3/Prime and /etc/gdm3/PrimeOff in ubuntu 18.04

Search on https://packages.ubuntu.com gives the following results: these files came from gdm3 package, so they are executed on GDM (GNOME Display Manager) launch.

GDM is shown as login screen on every boot of Ubuntu system with GNOME.

The contents of these files have references to NVIDIA Prime executables:

$ cat /etc/gdm3/Prime/Default
#!/bin/sh

primeoffload=/sbin/prime-offload
if [ -f "$primeoffload" ]; then
    $primeoffload
fi

$ cat /etc/gdm3/PrimeOff/Default
#!/bin/sh

primeswitch=/sbin/prime-switch
if [ -f "$primeswitch" ]; then
    $primeswitch
fi

while /sbin/prime-offload and /sbin/prime-switch came from nvidia-prime package:

$ dpkg -S "/sbin/prime*"
nvidia-prime: /sbin/prime-switch
nvidia-prime: /sbin/prime-offload

but /sbin/prime-switch is not shown on site.


permission denied error while trying to run .sh file

use sudo to execute file.sh

 sudo ./file.sh

any user can execute command qemu-system-i386 but seems like device that you want to use is either owned by root or read-only.
if you want to use device in read-only mode then you have to add readonly=on attribute. i don't know what you have written in file.sh. so i am giving some reference that may help you.

here is long discussion about similar problem
here is some information that may be helpful
qemu-system-i386: use documentation  more info about
qemu-system-i386


12.04 is recommended because it the latest release, but if you would like Wubi for 11.10, here is a direct link to the appropriate wubi.exe file.

Please note that Ubuntu 11.10 is only supported until April 2013, at which point you should upgrade if you are still using it for security reasons if nothing else.


Can't Boot in Recovery Mode (Ubuntu 20.04)

from recovery mode of the kernel correctly installed, the one with 'ii' initials for both linux-modules and linux-modules-extra, check dpkg -l | grep linux-modules I've reinstalled the one being actually used.
to check which one is it:
uname -r
to reinstall (in my case linux-modules-extra of the used kernel had 'ic' initials):
sudo apt install --reinstall linux-modules-extra-*kernel name*


To rename files, it is probably simpler to use perl's rename utility (sometimes called prename).  I will assume, though, that you are doing this as an exercise in learning shell scripting.

To fix the immediate problem, all you need is a second shell variable, here called new:

for file in *
do
    new=$(echo "$file" | sed -e 's/  */_/g' -e 's/_-_/-/g')
    mv -f "$file" "$(echo "$new" | tr A-Z a-z)"
done

Another approach is to extend the pipeline:

for file in *
do
    mv -f "$file" "$(echo "$file" | sed -e 's/  */_/g' -e 's/_-_/-/g' | tr A-Z a-z)"
done

If you have GNU sed, then the pipeline can be simplified further:

for file in *
do
    mv -f "$file" "$(echo "$file" | sed -e 's/  */_/g' -e 's/_-_/-/g' -e 's/.*/\L&/')"
done

Notes

Since you used the -f option to mv, it is possible that this script will cause files in your directory to be overwritten and their contents lost.
Consider using $(...) in place of backquotes for command substitution.  The dollar-parens form nests well, it is visually clear, and it avoids that confusion that happens because many fonts don't show a clear difference between back ticks and regular ticks.
Many languages require a semicolon at the end of each command.  shell is not one of those languages: the newline character ends a command just the way a semicolon does.


Can I install Ubuntu 12.10 on an Acer Aspire laptop?

I would suggest booting the laptop with the Ubuntu 12.10 CD and selecting the:
Try Ubuntu Before You Install option.

That way your laptop will boot into Ubuntu without making any changes to your laptop and will give you a good indication of the compatibility of your laptop hardware with Ubuntu.

Judging from your laptop specs though I do not see a problem with Ubuntu 12.10 working on your laptop.


Cannot enable VT-d on Lenovo ideapad 700-15ISK

You generally enable and disable CPU features like these in the BIOS. How you go about doing so will depend on your own BIOS version, so you should look at the BIOS instructions for your computer.

If virtualisation is enabled in the bios, it would be worth checking that the guests are configured to take advantage of it: What settings are you using in your guest?

If you are allocating more than 3GB of RAM, you'll need to enable PAE/NX for your guest. From all I can gather, VT-d is only required for hardware passthrough.


Mount point inside encrypted partition doesn't mount

Your encrypted partition doesn't get mounted unless you provide the password, while the system tries to mount the other partitions before that happens.

The obvious advise: mount your partitions somewhere else (eg., /media/alice/... or /mnt/alice/...). You can place a symlink to those mount points, if you absolutely want them to be accessible from /home/alice/...:

ln -s /media/alice/VirtualGarden /home/alice/VirtualGarden
ln -s /media/alice/Saco /home/alice/Saco


Are you running Code::Blocks and or Geany in Wine? I ask because C program files isn't a usual Linux directory.

First, install g++ :

sudo apt-get install g++

Next:

In Geany Compiling and running goes like this:
Compile: click this button:
Build:
Click this button:

I think what is happening in Geany is that you are "compiling" which checks your code for errors, but not building, which creates the output file you are trying to execute.

If Code::Blocks doesn't work after installing g++ , post back and I'll investigate that.