Creating a deb package that can be used by Lucid, Natty and newer versions of Ubuntu

You will need to create separate packages.  This is because of the potential of different library versions being required in various versions of Ubuntu.

As well, when you build the packages into the binaries, it will be building only for the libraries available within that version of Ubuntu.

Subsequently, this is why in debian/changelog you are only allowed to specify one version of Ubuntu at a time on the version line (for example: rkhunter (1.3.8-7~natty1~ppa1) natty; urgency=low - note the natty part changes to maverick, lucid, oneiric, hardy, etc.)

Take a look at the files in my rkhunter backports PPA: https://launchpad.net/~trekcaptainusa-tw/+archive/rkhunter  Feel free to see what the changelog entries show, and how I named the package version numbers (you can omit the ~ppa# part at the end, but you should append the version of ubuntu to the package names if you're building for more than one version of Ubuntu, and then build each separately).

EDIT
To better see what I mean, I urge you to compare the actual debian/control files, and the debian/changelog files for the version of rkhunter in my PPA (for Lucid), and compare that to the source version in Oneiric's repos right now, you'll notice the change(s) that had to be done in order to get it to build in Lucid (such changes are common, so when building for Natty, for instance, you'll be specifying newer package versions than in Lucid or Maverick or others.  The same is said for building for Oneiric, and backporting to Natty, you sometimes have to specify different versions of build dependencies, among other things, for the older version(s) of Ubuntu)


How to handle / create disaster backups for an ubuntu 18.04 server that can boot on any / most hardware

There are many, many possible ways.
My own method is to break it down into three steps:

Clean-install Ubuntu (this does not need to be backed up).

Re-install additional applications, services, and customizations. I don't back these up -- I keep notes detailing step-by-step how to do it. The notes are handy for maintenance, troubleshooting, and other needs.

My own notes are in the format of a heavily-commented script. It's clear what each step does, why, and often includes a reference link. Six months from now, I won't recall each step, hence the comments.
Your own notes should be in a format that you easily understand. These are handy notes, not tedious homework.
It's important that your notes can be easily accessed in an emergency, or they're worthless. If you use an online Password Manager (you should), it's a convenient place to safely store these vital notes. On a bad day, you can simply read your notes on your phone.

Finally, restore data from a backup. There are many great tools for this easy step. Honestly, you could simply mount your backup and copy the data across.

How convenient that you have instructions on how to restore data...in your notes.

Using this method takes me about 60 minutes to completely rebuild and restore one of my average systems from bare metal. Step 1 takes about 30 minutes, Step 2 takes about 15 minutes (in a worst case scenario: Keyed manually reading notes from my phone), and Step 3 takes about 15 minutes. Your mileage may vary, of course.
The biggest benefit that I get from my method isn't listed. It's maintainability. I find that many weird issues are answered in my notes (or their reference links). Especially cryptic issues that appear after release-upgrades. Being confident that you can fully tear out Customization C, because now it's a baked-in feature, without damage, without the need to rebuild, is wonderful.

Optional If you have a lot of customizations, service files, cron jobs, etc. (not applications or packages) scattered across the system, then consider hardlinking each custom file to  a "customizations" directory in your /home or /var dir.

Each customization gets backed up with your data, rather than you mucking about backing up a dozen different locations.
The contents of the dir provide a handy checklist of what you must restore.
Add the instructions on how to restore each to your notes. For example, you might need to restart services to re-read changed configs.


Ubuntu Studio 19.04 shutdown suspend restart issues

I have a machine identical to yours. It has the same problem, and none of my other machines (two Dells and a Thinkpad) have this issue, so I have always suspected it's a hardware/BIOS incompatibility issue.


How do I make manjaro bootable in ubuntu 12.04?

First, unmount the pendrive. The format doesn't matter, because you're going to blow it away.

From a terminal window, issue the command:

    sudo ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/*usb*

This will display your USB devices attached to your computer. Note that it will not only list the hardware device (e.g. "sdd") but will also list partitions on this device (e.g. "sdd1"). What you want is the hardware device, 3 letters with no trailing digit. That is your usbdevice for the following command.

To load the iso file to your pendrive, enter the command

    sudo dd if=isofilename of=usbdev bs=4M; sync

where isofilename is the name of the Manjaro iso filename with extension, and usbdev is the 3-character USB device identified from the previous command.

This will take a bit to transfer, so be patient and check your email. When it is done, you can reboot to your pendrive, which will be a live version of Manjaro so you can check it out. If it doesn't boot to your pendrive, you'll need to reboot and enter your BIOS and reconfigure your boot sequence to put the pendrive ahead of your hard drive(s). You can also install to your hard drive from this live version, either by GUI or command line. I had problems with the GUI, but the command line interface worked fine. It can do it automatically, or you can manually configure it.

I use an LVM, and set up my logical volumes ahead of time to install it to, and did a manual installation. The installation went flawlessly, but I had a problem booting with a separate /usr mount volume, that the underlying Arch Linux had a problem with, but I was able to solve that with guidance from the Manjaro forum pages.

I also made separate logical volumes for my music, my pictures, and my data files, so I can mount them to either my Manjaro or Ubuntu distros, or any others I might install in the future. I had to add these separate volumes manually to my fstab file.

You can use the same command sequence to load any Linux distro iso file to your pendrive. I made a script file with prompts and testing to make sure I didn't mess anything up. If you dd to the wrong drive, you could mess up your working distro (you have done a backup recently, right?).


How can I clear Kubuntu Application Launcher Cache?

Deleting baloo index with this :

rm -rf ~/.local/share/baloo

and restarting solved my problem.


Unable to Install Openssh-Server on Ubuntu Server

For some reason the permissions flag for program execution was removed on /usr/share/debconf/frontend. You can set it back with:

sudo chmod +x /usr/share/debconf/frontend

However, this may be the symptom of some broader underlying issue of a corrupted packages and it would be better to reinstall the debconf package (to which /usr/share/debconf/frontend belongs):

sudo apt install --reinstall /usr/share/debconf/frontend


Why won't Ubuntu let me create a user account named "games"?

Games is a standard system userid on Debian-based systems.  There are many of these with UIDs < 1000.  This allows the system to setup services with minimal privileges.  This follows the least privilege model.


Admin name appears twice if it asks for admin password. Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

I' going to take a stab at this.

I have to say, that during the installation an admin group was created, and you were added to it.  So by Protect su by limiting access only to admin group, you have added yourself again, and that's why you see yourself listed twice.

Reverse what you did, and see if it removes that extra you.


Update to 20.04 VSCode debugger "Attach by Process ID" do not see process

Solution:
add "type": "pwa-node" in debugger config, so its looks like this:

    {
        "name": "Attach by Process ID",
        "processId": "${command:PickProcess}",
        "request": "attach",
        "skipFiles": [
            "<node_internals>/**"
        ],
        "type": "pwa-node"
    }

in case getting error about wrong configuration for debugger need to enable "debug.node.useV3": true and "debug.chrome.useV3": true to your user settings, the easy way to install this extension JavaScript Debugger (Nightly) https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.js-debug-nightly

Im not sure does Ubuntu 20.04 effect it or not, may be its just coincidence.


Font colors are usually attributes of the themes.
I'd first try not to mess around to much and hence install another theme and try what fits my needs.

If you want to go all geek mode and fiddle around you will find the themes under

/usr/share/themes/<theme-name>/

There you will usually find a gtk-3.0 folder, in which you will find all the files of the theme.
The files you are looking for are either gtk.css or settings.ini respectively both of them.
If you are familiar with css, you'll have no problem configuring your style as you wish to.
The interesting part for you might look like this, depending on the theme designer:

/* default color scheme */
@define-color bg_color #ffffff;
@define-color fg_color #4c4c4c;
@define-color base_color #ffffff;
@define-color text_color #ff2525;
@define-color selected_bg_color #cce8ff;
@define-color selected_fg_color #262626;
@define-color tooltip_bg_color #ffffff;
@define-color tooltip_fg_color #4c4c4c;
@define-color progressbar_color #06B025;

As you can see, colors are defined for different parts of an application, so you might have to try and find out which one you need to be changed.
To use the theme on your unity desktop, you will have to install unity-tweak-tool. It's also very handy because you can swith back and forth between themes and directly view your changes, once you saved them on the theme css file.

As a little bonus, you might find this article about theming in Unity very interesting:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Unity/Theming


Troubles piping echo output to xargs script for mv command

Figured out a good answer to this specific problem:

Use the fswatch option --format="%p%0". This makes sure that the null character is at the end of the path name that gets handed off to xargs, which is what it's looking for with the -0 option enabled.


Ask wpa-supplicant to reconfigure my interface

I've come with a compromise. In /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf, I wrote:

[ifupdown]
managed=true

This will allow NetworkManager to manage connections listed in /etc/network/interfaces. However, it will prevent the WiFi AP to work, since it will override my statc configuration.

So the solution is to disable NetworkManager at start, and enable it when I want to switch ti WiFi client. This is not very convenient, because it will allow NetworkManager to possibly manage other interfaces, so if anyone has a better solution, like a setting to force NetworkManager to manage a connection listed in /etc/network/inteface, I'm a buyer.


Debian post installation triggers often make my system unusable! Is there something I can do?

I fixed it O.o.
Removing monodoc-everything, and reinstalling that + monodevelop worked. Even the post-install trigger menu is behaving. Looks like I'm going to start hating on mono.


I have installed linux version of MATLAB but being new I have no idea how to run it. There is no exec file as in windows

Right-click on matlab file, go to Properties, Permissions, and make sure 'Allow executing file as program' is enabled. Then double-click on matlab and it ought to open.


Environment variables from /etc/environment not propagated to child process?

If you want an environment variable to be passed to children you must export it.  To verify if it is exported use the env command.  The safest way to do this is as follows.

BOOST_LIBRARYDIR="/usr/local/lib/boost/release"; export BOOST_LIBRARYDIR

Newer shells like bash and ksh accept the simpler form.

export BOOST_LIBRARYDIR ="/usr/local/lib/boost/release"


By default the # of workspaces would be 4 & typically nothing would change that setting on it's own.

However if you did happen to login to gnome-shell, -  when exiting GS it writes to gconf the # of workspaces open at exit which many times is 1. This then would affect the # available to unity-2d.

Here's a bug on this behavior  -

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity-2d/+bug/826089

In any event you can set the # of workspaces for unity-2d thru gconf, from a terminal you'd run this command

gconftool-2 -s -t integer /apps/metacity/general/num_workspaces 4

Alternately if you have gconf-editor installed you could open it & browse to /apps/metacity/general/num_workspaces & adjust there.


How can I get the old newtab in chrome back?

There used to be a way to fix this through chrome://flags but that was removed at the beginning of the year.

Your only option now is the "Replace New Tab Page" plugin.


Bluetooth is not working in Ubuntu 12.10

Try with installing :

sudo apt-get install bluez bluez-alsa bluez-audio bluez-btsco bluez-compat bluez-cups bluez-dbg bluez-gstreamer bluez-hcidump bluez-pcmcia-support bluez-tools bluez-utils python-bluez


How can I validate a pdf's digital signature with evince?

Unfortunately, you can't (now on Gitlab) do this at the minute with the standard version of evince, as a developer explained on the official mailing lists:

This feature isn't implemented in Evince, mainly because isn't supported
by poppler, the underlying library for PDF support.

This is indeed the main point; you would need to patch poppler with the digital signature support as well as evince.
However, there is a interesting project in progress to provide just the functionality you want; the details are explained on this github page entitled 'evince signatures', where all the patches are available.
As well as on the github page, there is more information on the project on this site; it is clear they hope to integrate it upstream in the future. The developers note that

the most used software for reading pdf documents on Windows (Acrobat Reader) has support for showing and validate signatures in pdf documents. On modern Linux desktops that doesn't yet exist and that's the purpose of this project, change Evince document viewer (default gnome pdf reader) to add those features.

So, you can experiment with the github development code if you wish, but it may not be a good idea to patch poppler as other programs depend on it; however, it is likely that the digital signatures feature will be available soon if it is integrated upstream. Judging by the evince screenshots for a valid and invalid signature the patches do seem to be enabling just the features you are interested in.


If you've got Intel processors, that additional driver is a good idea to use. It's actually intel-microcode and it upgrades the processors microcode to the latest, at each boot.


TargetEnvironment makes the Shortcut Group (i.e. quicklist item) open only in Unity environments. You could also use the OnlyShowIn=Unity keyword.

Here's an old Launcher tutorial that mentions it.

As of here TargetEnvironment is deprecated.


Maximize window button is missing on all programs

Okay Seeing your tags,I figure out you are using Ubuntu 12.04 and Unity interface,

Do the following-

If you do not have UBUNTU TWEAK,install it.
Go to TWEAKS tab
Select WINDOW from DESKTOP section.
Switch OFF the "Close only" option.
Hope it works.. :)


Wifi and sound on a Lenovo Ideapad 100s with Lubuntu

I just installed UbuntuStudio on my 100S and the wifi just works.  Maybe the different/later kernel now has it working.

Still no sound from the internal hardware though. Works fine with external soundcard/DAC, which is OK for Studio I suppose.


I have the same problem. If you set the SLI to SFR the flickering goes away, but I have another application that is now having trouble after that change and I'm not sure why. You can give it a shot though.


Dual boot Windows 10 Ubuntu14.04 problem

You need to change your boot priority so grub takes president over the Windows bootloader. In your UEFI go to Boot and look for something similar to Boot Option Priorities and set Boot Option #1 to ubuntu (P#: drive name). This should set grub as your default boot device. It is also worth noting that devices such as ubuntu (size) and Windows Boot Manager (P# drive name) will both default to the Windows bootloader whereas ubuntu (P#: drive name) defaults to grub.

See screen capture for reference:


Can't Boot Ubuntu after Windows 10 Anniversary Update

Windows won't be effected by running Testdisk unless you specifically choose to write the partition table.  After the scan, Testdisk will give you the option to choose whether to write the results of what it finds.  You can then choose if the partition table is correct.  Compare it with what you already have, namely the size of your Windows partition.

The windows update clobbered the Grub boot manager.  You'll have to reinstall it.  I find this to be the simplest method.

Boot to a live session (USB or DVD) and run these commands from a terminal prompt.

Change the XY in line #1 to the partition where Ubuntu is installed.  Change the X in line #4 to your boot disk.  It's most likely /dev/sda.

The prefix :$ and :# are the command prompts you see on the terminal.

1:$ sudo mount /dev/sdXY /mnt
2:$ for i in /sys /proc /run /dev; do sudo mount --bind "$i" "/mnt/$i"; done
3:$ sudo chroot /mnt
4:# grub-install /dev/sdX
5:# update-grub
6:# exit
7:$ for i in /sys /proc /run /dev; do sudo umount "/mnt/$i"; done
8:$ exit

Reboot.

Ensure that you have UEFI enabled in your BIOS if is a later model computer with that feature.


[ Solved ]: Cannot find version 14 of OpenJDK for Ubuntu 20.04

I believe it is simply not done yet. If you go to "Software & Updates" and enable "Developer Options" / "Pre-released updated (focal-proposed)", the package shows up.

Here's what I did to get the package:

Checked the checkbox
sudo apt update
(ignore all the other proposed updates)
sudo apt install openjdk-14-jdk
Unchecked the checkbox
sudo apt update
(observer that the other proposed updates are now gone)

I don't know if that is a good recommendation, but it worked for me to get a java-14 installation on my machine :)


I found a workaround at this blog.

Using gvim -f doesn't have this problem, apparently, so aliasing gvim to setsid /usr/bin/gvim -f works. For bash, you can put

gvim(){ setsid /usr/bin/gvim -f "$@"; }

in your .bashrc.


How do I change the primary monitor through terminal? (Xubuntu 17.04)

you can set up a vnc server on the host and connect from another computer or tablet on the network with a vnc client

I like this one the second answer has full terminal commands for configuring too.

How do I install a VNC server?

After that get a vnc client on a tablet or another PC  to connect to your host and change your monitor setting to duplicate/clone your screen not extend.


Ubuntu Server 14.04 OpenStack Pre-Installed

AFAICT, it will not be part of the distribution. You need to install it. You can follow this and install openstack.


Try in terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T):

sudo killall pulseaudio

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install --reinstall pulseaudio

sudo service lightdm restart

or if didn't help

sudo shutdown -r now


Dual Monitors, play movie on one, while typing on another

Press Super+P to change projector modes (extended, duplicate, etc) and make sure that System Settings -> Displays shows you an 'extended' setup with both the displays side by side.

Now you can drag any window from one display to another through the common edge, generally the right edge of the laptop display.


ubuntu 12.04 does not detect already installed windows 7

sudo os-prober, but maybe sudo update-grub(2)


efi system partition problem while upgrading distribution

Thanks to @oldfred.
the problem was difference between UUID of vfat (FAT32) in fstab file and the real FAT32 partition of my system.
so i got the UUID of real vfat partition by:
lsblk -f

there wa this line in the output:
├─sda1 vfat     FAT32          2457-E435

so changed the fstab vfat partition UUID to this 2457-E435 that i got above(changed the line before the last one. UUID part) :
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda9 during installation
UUID=fa092601-bef2-441e-92d4-2871f05e4a55 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda2 during installation 0A0E-A110
UUID=2457-E435  /boot/efi       vfat    umask=0077      0       1
/swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0

and problem solved.


Find out netplan duid before starting the system

LXD in its default configuration configures dnsmasq to provide the duid..
Path assumes the snap installed LXD.
cd /var/snap/lxd/common/lxd/networks/lxdbrd
grep duid dnsmasq.leases
duid 00:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:1d:d0:ac:1f:6b:da:22:08


You have the correct command, except linux-image isn't a real package name.

$ apt-cache show linux-image
N: Can't select versions from package 'linux-image' as it is purely virtual
N: No package found

apt-cache showpkg should work for real packages, though. e.g.

$ apt-cache showpkg lyx
Package: lyx
Versions:
2.1.0-1~trusty~ppa4 (/var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_lyx-devel_release_ubuntu_dists_trusty_main_binary-amd64_Packages) (/var/lib/dpkg/status)
 Description Language:
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_lyx-devel_release_ubuntu_dists_trusty_main_binary-amd64_Packages
                  MD5: 8c75d53cfd29c5b19c2172cb07b7fe9a

2.0.6-1build1 (/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.iinet.net.au_pub_ubuntu_dists_trusty_universe_binary-amd64_Packages)

If you want to see all the versions of linux-image-like packages, you can just do a search, e.g.

$ apt-cache search linux-image | grep '^linux-image'

The problem is that the different versions of the kernel (linux-image) are in individual packages, and named independently according to the version. They are not all versions of the one package.

EDIT

This lists all available packages. To show which is installed, you can use dpkg -l. e.g.

$ dpkg -l lyx
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                                           Version                      Architecture                 Description
+++-==============================================-============================-============================-==================================================================================================
ii  lyx                                            2.1.0-1~trusty~ppa4          amd64                        Document Processor

EDIT2

Another way to get information about different but similarly-named packages (e.g. linux-image*) is by using aptitude search.

$ aptitude search linux-image

You can also filter with grep using this awkward syntax to get around an aptitude bug/feature.

$ aptitude -w $COLUMNS search linux-image | grep '32 bit'

An i in the first column tells you that it's already installed. See man aptitude for the other characters.


Why I get "No Vala Compiler Found" while compiling?

Building the original package is like this:

Get the source package

apt-get source unity-greeter

Install the build dependencies (this will install the missing Vala compiler for you!):

sudo apt-get build-dep unity-greeter

Build it

cd unity-greeter-0.2.8
debuild -uc -us

Install the package(s) built:

cd ..
ls -al *.deb
sudo dpkg -i unity-greeter*.deb


In System Settings,  at Display Settings, you can change your monitor resolution to the proper value.


Unknown symbol in module but what symbol?

You can simply check the missing symbols in dmesg using dmesg | tail. If you want to check if the symbols are actually in your symbol table, check using cat /proc/kallsyms | grep <function_name>
Similar issue:
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1360950


To open the DOS-like terminal, press Ctrl+Alt+T all together on your keyboard to open the terminal.

From the terminal prompt to find out what your distribution is, type in the following:

cat /etc/*release

it will produce text looking like this:

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/*release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=14.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=trusty
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="14.04.3 LTS, Trusty Tahr"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS"
VERSION_ID="14.04"
HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"

To find out if it is 32bit or 64bit, type in:

getconf LONG_BIT

Example:

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ getconf LONG_BIT
64

Then to install Skype, type in the following:

sudo apt-get install skype

When sudo is used in front of the command, it is running at an elevated permission level, so it will ask for your password to continue to install the application.

To add a Desktop icon of skype, type in the following to copy one to your desktop, then make it executable.

cp /usr/share/applications/skype.desktop ~/Desktop/
chmod +x ~/Desktop/skype.desktop

Hope this helps!


Why I'm not asked to set a password for Root when Installing Ubuntu?

You aren't supposed to add a password for the root account. We have something called the sudo mechanism to handle that. Instead, you add users to the admin account. All those users can then run commands or programs as root by running sudo command for terminal commands or gksu command for GUI apps to run as root, such as gksu gcalctool though that example obviously makes no sense)

When you're being asked for a password when installing things, etc, it is your own password you should use. This way, it is possible to enable others to do administrative tasks without having to share passwords and keys. It is also configurable to allow someone to run a specific command as root, but not others, but you won't normally touch that.

The first user you created is by default the admin account.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo


wine error - can't execute because its an .exe file

Canonical put in an "interesting" feature in 10.04 which was intended to persuade "windows" users not to download random executables and run them.
Perhaps understandable, but flawed, since it also prevented running executable from a read-only CD/ISO.

The capability is called the "cautious launcher".

There are a few ways to workaround this - you just need to be aware of the risks.

Copy the executables to your desktop. Right click on the .exe file, select Properties, select the Permissions tab and check "Allow executing file as program". You should now be able to run the executable
mount the cd/iso and run from the terminal wine /media/cd-name/windowsname.exe
Right click on the .exe file, select Open with other application, followed by Use a custom command and use wine for the command.  For executables in the future - right click the exe and then select Open with wine.
remove the cautious-launcher permanently...

Edit the default launch command for wine

gksu gedit /usr/share/applications/wine.desktop

Change from

Exec=cautious-launcher %f wine start /unix

to

Exec=wine start /unix %f

source


Problem setting up SMB share on Lubuntu 16.10

Using Synaptic, install system-config-samba for a GUI way to create shares.

Or, in Terminal, type:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install system-config-samba

Then, in your Unity dash, find the Samba application, and have fun!


Disable Compiz Shadow for a specific panel?

Yes, you can exclude windows based on their title.

For example, to exclude the top panel from having a shadow we first need to find the title of the panel.

In the Window Decoration plugin, click on the add button to the right of the Shadow windows entry.
Change the Type to Window Title,click the Grab button and then click on the top panel. The title will probably be Top Expanded Edge Panel.
Copy this and click   Cancel     (See bug #584894 ).
Now in the Shadow windows entry, put in the following and hit Enter:

any & !(title=Top Expanded Edge Panel)

Results

Before (with shadow):

After (without shadow):


Difference between "Numix" and "Numix Daily" GNOME themes

There is currently no difference. You have the PPA ppa:numix/ppa in your system and in this PPA is the package numix-gtk-theme. This package installs the Numix theme and creates a link as you can see in the output of the commands below

% cat /var/lib/dpkg/info/numix-gtk-theme.postinst
#!/bin/bash

set -e

if [ "$1" = "configure" ]; then
    if [ ! -e "/usr/share/themes/Numix" ]; then
        ln -sf "/usr/share/themes/Numix Daily" "/usr/share/themes/Numix"
    fi
fi

exit 0

% ls -laog /usr/share/themes/
total 48
drwxr-xr-x   8  4096 Sep 16 20:36 .
drwxr-xr-x 519 20480 Sep  8 18:00 ..
drwxr-xr-x   4  4096 Mär 25 07:31 Adwaita
drwxr-xr-x   4  4096 Mär 16  2015 Default
drwxr-xr-x   4  4096 Mär 16  2015 Emacs
drwxr-xr-x   4  4096 Mär 25 07:31 HighContrast
lrwxrwxrwx   1    29 Sep 16 20:36 Numix -> /usr/share/themes/Numix Daily
drwxr-xr-x   9  4096 Sep 16 20:36 Numix Daily
drwxr-xr-x   3  4096 Mär 16  2015 Raleigh


You do not need to update your kernel, the drive you bought will work without problem, just plug it in, switch it on and use it.

The drive is probably pre-formatted as NTFS, so you will have no problems using it on both Windows and Ubuntu.

3.8.0-44-generic is the Linux kernel version that you are using

Architecture (32 bit or 64 bit) does not matter for using drives.


My system partially freezes in one type of gnome session and not another

The problem seemed to be related to Gnome somehow.  A user who was on Ubuntu:Gnome Desktop and Session Ubuntu did not experience the problem.  A user who was on Desktop: Gnome and Session Gnome-Xorg did have the problem.  The problem occurred on several USB memory devices but not all.  It seemed the memory device was busy doing something (I never figured out what) that bogged down the system altogether.
Switching the user with the problem to Desktop: ubuntu:Gnome and Session: ubuntu seemed to make the problem dissappear.  Here;
's the fix:
    printf 'Desktop: %s\nSession: %s\n' "$XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP" "$GDMSESSION"
    Desktop: Gnome
    Session: Gnome-Xorg

The user above had the problem.  On boot, at login there is a small gear icon at the bottom right corner of the screen (this icon dissappears later) that allows one to switch the user to a different Gnome.  Picking "Ubuntu" changed the users Gnome session to:
printf 'Desktop: %s\nSession: %s\n' "$XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP" "$GDMSESSION"
Desktop: ubuntu:GNOME
Session: ubuntu

After that this user did not experience the freezing problem.
I have no idea how any of this works, but I did notice, after I made a second user, that the second user was on a different gnome session and they did not experience the problem.


If you put any command in ~/.bashrc the command will be executed once you open up the terminal because the file (~/.bashrc) is sourced i.e. the commands inside it are automatically executed once you open up an interactive non-login bash instance. The solution is to find the commands in ~/.bashrc and remove or comment out those.


Where does the error show?

So the basic question here is; I cannot install Ubuntu. Firstly, perhaps think of installing 13.04 as the latest version, unless you're definitely after that LTS feel. I am making the assumption this is a desktop PC. The specs are correct for this? You're not using a 64BIT for a 32BIT machine?

Please make sure the download is correct: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop

I think this chat forum will be more useful than me however, so enjoy the link!http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1980567


How to use external hard drive for server storage?

You should mount the drive and make sure it mounts automatically after a restart.
You can use a symlink to the folder on the external drive. You could link directly in the vhost or apache config, but using symlinks simplifies most of the time.
You need to set proper rights so Apache can write to that folder. On Ubuntu, Apache is run as user www-data, so make sure www-data can write to that folder.


for merge the partitions you can use partitions manager , if windows is there then right click on "My computer " -> select "Manage" -> in "Storage" -> "disk management" , here you can merge your partitions.

for booting use Easybcd software it is free for home user and install it. open it you will see add new entry click on it go to linux tab add entry click and selcet "swap partition" and "GRUB2" in it after that click on edit boot menu select the appropriate timeout option and save setting.

Download here:http://www.softpedia.com/get/System/OS-Enhancements/EasyBCD.shtml


Just go to System Settings → Appearance and select any static wallpaper.

Those changing throughout the day have a little white clock symbol on their preview icon.


Using a desktop with Ubuntu 14.10...upper right corner says battery is charged 100%, why? (there is no battery)

Notice the little keyboard symbol next to it?

It's the battery status of your wireless keyboard.

If you don't have a wireless keyboard, it's a bug. Report it against indicator-power.


Here is a workaround for the opposite situation (turn bluetooth on and it turns iself back off), may it'll work for you... Open a terminal and type "rfkill list all":

$ rfkill list all
0: hci0: Bluetooth
Soft blocked: yes
Hard blocked: no

If you see the same output ("Soft blocked: yes"), just type "sudo rfkill unblock all":

$ sudo rfkill unblock all
0: hci0: Bluetooth
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no

Worked for me, bluetooth's indicator appears in the panel again and bluetooth is activated.

You could use "rfkill" for enabling and disabling the wireless devices. You can list all the wireless devices with indexes using the "rfkill list" command. For example:

$ rfkill list
0: hci0: Bluetooth
     Soft blocked: no
     Hard blocked: no
1: sony-wifi: Wireless LAN
     Soft blocked: no
     Hard blocked: no
2: sony-bluetooth: Bluetooth
     Soft blocked: no
     Hard blocked: no
3: phy0: Wireless LAN
     Soft blocked: no
     Hard blocked: no

In this case, there are four devices with indexes 0, 1, 2 and 3. The rfkill block and unblock commands are "rfkill block index|type" and "rfkill unblock index|type". The block command disables the indicated device whereas the unblock command enables it. A device is identified by the device index or the device type. The device type is one of the following: all, wifi, wlan, bluetooth, uwb, ultrawideband, wimax, wwan, gps or fm.

Following with the example, by typing:

rfkill block 0

Someone could turn off the bluetooth device recognized as "hci0: Bluetooth" with index "0".


Built in mic distortion with ubuntu 13.10

I upgraded the last package for my sound card and the problem some how solved, the distortion still there but i can raise up my mic to a level that the distortion is very low and does n't annoy the one i am calling.


How can I refresh resolv.conf after changing the resolv options in the interfaces file?

I suggest that you try:

sudo ifdown eth0 && sudo ifup -v eth0

The -v for verbose should produce sufficient outptut to see that the process completed successfully.


How do I specify several folders (/tmp and /var for instance) to mount in a same partition using the installer?

That is not possible. You can add both directories to the / partition or you can put /var and /tmp each on a seperate partition.

Alternative/workaround:

You can use a symlink and have /tmp store its files on a new directory like /var/temp/. That would require the following commands:

sudo mkdir /var/temp/
sudo rm -rf /tmp/
sudo ln -s /var/temp/ /tmp/

This also requires you to recreate the permissions to /tmp/.

sudo chmod 777 /tmp
sudo chmod +t /tmp/
sudo chown root:root /tmp/

Untested. Use at own risc:possible issue: you might have to set /var/temp/ with the same permissions as /tmp!


12.04 server runs into grub "unknown symbol type" problem and I get stuck in grub rescue, how do I fix it?


How to turn off Quickboot/fastboot on HP Pavillion

If you see the quick boot option in bios but you can not select it, first try to set a user password in your bios to see if the option gets activated or not. Then if you dont need your windows 8 installation and also you dont need EFI mode just disable UEFI in your bios. I hope it gives you the option to choose legacy BIOS mode instead of UEFI mode.


You can do it this way:

ls -lah -- -F

The -- denotes the end of options for the command, same will work with cd and even rm.

cd -- -F

and

rm -r -- -F


Recent apps, files and downloads will not change in unity 12.04 dash

If u want to cancel the activity in the dash just go to System configuration and then to privacy settings and cancel the recent activity .


Ubuntu installation stuck on Deactivating Swap

it shouldn't take more than 9 seconds, let alone 9 hours!

I don't recall ever seeing a "deactivating swap" message, but I assume it happens after partition selection and right before repartitioning / reformatting the disk. I also assume this happens while you are trying to install? The only reason I can think of is that there already exists a swap partition on your disk, the system is already using it, and somehow it's failing to deactivate it.

To fix this, boot Ubuntu again, and when you reach the screen where you get a choice between trying and installing, just select "try". When everything is running, start a terminal window (on plain ubuntu, use the search bar to search for "terminal" and click on it; on kubuntu run "konsole" from the start menu; on anything else you're on your own :) ).

Type sudo parted. You'll see somehting like:

GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)

then type print. You'll see something like:

Number  Start   End    Size    Type      File system     Flags
 1      1049kB  248GB  248GB   primary   ext4            boot
 2      248GB   256GB  8520MB  extended
 5      248GB   256GB  8520MB  logical   linux-swap(v1)

Note the number of the swap partition. In this case, it's 5, but yours may be different. Type rm 5 (or whatever the swap partition is) and then quit to leave parted. Reboot. With no swap partition on the disk, there will be no reason to try to activate and then deactivate swap.

Let us know if this worked.


No, IPythons is not a python version but a couple of utilities for Python. Mainly a improved command shell and the notebook. But you are using your regular python install.

You can install Ipython with it's own contained python version but this is not what pip does per default.

Pip can install packages locally if you give it the -user switch, if you did it, then you still have only one python installation, but with different libraries for different users.

Finally if you calling it with ~/.local/bin/ipython will probably run the user-level version of ipython instead of the system-level one (if you have both installed). If it runs that same thing or a different one than typing 'ipython' depends on your path.


unable to generate .deb file using make deb-pkg?

From OPs comments

  After installing the dpkg-dev package, everything was working fine

sudo apt-get install dpkg-dev


I was having the same problem on a Dell Inspiron 15R.
Try this, it worked for me!

Open the terminal and run:
xinput list

Try to find this entry:
↳ Video Bus id=8 [slave  keyboard (3)]

Get the "id" and disable it running:
sudo xinput set-prop 8 "Device Enabled" 0


Ubuntu 18.04 shuts down automatically after boot

From the comments...

Installed Nvidia driver 440.82 and it's all working now.


My sda1 is almost full. How to clean it?

Install Ubuntu Tweak and use the Computer Janitor to remove unnecessary files.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/next
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

I took this suggestion, as well as others, from here: Is system cleanup/optimization needed.


I'm not an expert, AFAIK, the best is to make a new driver (kernel module) for your new encrypted keyboard.

Here is project that is small and easy to understand.

  Long Name: Linux Microdia Keyboard Chipset Driver
   Short Name: aziokbd
   Author: Colin Svingen (Swoogan)
   Project Home: https://bitbucket.org/Swoogan/aziokbd

It is using DKMS, so no need for Linux kernel rebuild.
I lack knowledge about encryption tools so I can't help on how to handle the encrypted data stream.
udev in short words, it's daemon part of systemd. It helps making dynamic setup/configuration and run customized scripts whenever conditions match either when a device node created, changed or removed from the kernel tree. (/sys is  a Virtual FS that show same tree currently in the kernel).

It will help you but it's not what you are looking for.
Another option, using user-space driver/daemon. In this case, you have to access the USB device using libusb. Same way as xboxdrv (driver for xbox controller) and xsane (tool for scanners).


used powertop from the Ubuntu documentation pages and again pointed to usb/xhci stuff. but did not matter. i upgraded to kernel 4.4.1 and it stop doing the cpu load thing so i guess il never know 8(.

I was directed to this site by a coworker and it helped me incase it helps anyone:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/PowerManagement/IdentifyingIssues

PS: This page is useless
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/boards-and-kits/000006243.html

Thanks all


Howdie how2die,
Have you recently formstted a disk or partition on your machine? This sort of error will appear when the UUID of a partition specified on /etc/fstab cannot be found.
Try this:
sudo blkid

Record the UUIDs of the different partitions, then
sudo vi /etc/fstab

Compare the UUIDs of the partitions to the ones you wrote down. If any of them do not match, then update the record. Based on the error you shared, this is probably the EFI partition that has changed, which you’ll see in /etc/fstab with type=efi.
Hope this helps.


The reason it is not working is that cron's default PATH is hardcoded and it looks like that:
#ifndef _PATH_DEFPATH
# define _PATH_DEFPATH "/usr/bin:/bin"
#endif

https://salsa.debian.org/debian/cron/blob/52bacc70b592d354efff8231375bf2d51bd4ef52/pathnames.h#L77
More specifically, the service command cannot be found.
If you try executing which service you will get something like:
/usr/sbin/service
This is why it may be helpful to explicitly set the PATH variable in your crontab.
A full crontab example follows:
# Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron.
#
# Each task to run has to be defined through a single line
# indicating with different fields when the task will be run
# and what command to run for the task
#
# To define the time you can provide concrete values for
# minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon),
# and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').#
# Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system
# daemon's notion of time and timezones.
#
# Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through
# email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected).
#
# For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts
# at 5 a.m every week with:
# 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/
#
# For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8)
#
# m h  dom mon dow   command

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin

*/5 * * * * service smokeping restart


When I create .desktop files, they don't get found by Trusty's Dash

How about making them executable? You can also create launchers in ~/.local/share/applications


Wi-fi won't work on my Lenovo. please help

With the ethernet temporarily connected, please open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall bcmwl-kernel-source

After it completes, detach the ethernet and reboot. If the wireless is not working, please show us:

sudo modprobe wl && dmesg | grep wl


Display resolution problem with Sony TV and Intel integrated graphics

That is a rather nonstandard looking resolution which might cause some difficulty, my guess would be that you would need a modeline in your xorg.conf for it, I just did some digging on this searching for xorg modeline 1366x768 and found a forum post which looks like it will probably help you out, the question there is also about configuring a mode for a TV.

Here is the link:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1480033


mic stopped working for some applications

Ok, partial answer is here: https://askubuntu.com/a/251006/454941

This at least gets the mic working in Skype/Hangouts.  However, the input volume slider is still grayed out in ubuntu's sound settings, and the input level indicator there is still inactive.  This may be a separate issue.  I also still haven't figured out why it broke originally.  But for now, the important bits work, so I'm going to stop working on this.


Every time you log in, or connect to sftp, a new user gets logged in.
Try it, if you open 10 terminals and connect to your server, you will have 10 users.

But it's not a problem at all.
Just imagine a production server with thousands of users logged in.

In short: Don't worry. Unless it's an unknown user, leave it.
In case it is, you should strenghten the security of your server.
And kick him out:
w will show you the sessions.
ps faux | grep sshd will let you find the unknown person by his pts.
kill 12345 will kill the process with 12345 pid.


Thanks to PerlDuck and Cyrus the mystery is solved.

rsync -a creates the TARGET dir with the same permissions as the SOURCE(in my case 755).


Issue with Java: Minecraft Launcher in Kubuntu doesn't recognize Java 8 JRE!

Problem resolved:

I did dpkg --list and found the packages oracle-java7-set-default and oracle-java7-installer and I removed them using sudo apt-get --purge remove. Now the Minecraft launcher has no choice but to use Java 8.


How to connect and create a database in MySQL?

After you've installed MySQL, you need to set mysql root password. To do so:

Enter the next command in a terminal:

mysql -u root
Now it should open the mysql console. And type the following line:

SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('yourpassword');

To exit from the mysql console enter exit.

Now you should create the database with the root user. To do so:

Open mysql from terminal:

mysql -u root -p
Enter the password created before.
Enter the following line:

CREATE DATABASE yourdatabasename;

If you enter SHOW DATABASES; you should see it in the list. If so, you have a database ready to use!


Will ubuntu supports switchable graphics?

Some graphics switching is available depending upon the type of graphics your HP has - nvidia-prime and bumblebee are often mentioned in posts here for that purpose.

I have a DV7 that I run for my kid, and it's a real space warmer.  I would not be able to run the computer at all without tlp, available on the Ubuntu software center or the tlp website at linrunner.de/tlp

As far as graphics are concerned, my DV7 would not recognize the graphics card properly with early releases of Ubuntu 14.04, and the proprietary drivers would not work properly either - HP may have some BIOS specific to them which is not well recognized.  What worked on that computer were the oibaf graphics drivers available at launchpad.net/~oibaf

The combination of tlp and more advanced drivers has at least kept my dv7 operable, although temperatures are regularly over 60 Celcius while idle.


How can I recover my data after replacing ubuntu with windows 7?

Whatever you do, DO NOT continue using your computer! The more you use it, the smaller  the chance of recovery will be!

Since Windows 7 was installed over Ubuntu, your partition table is history.
My recommended course of action would be to use dd to image your internal drive to an external one, and then attempt recovery from the external drive. That way, if you screw anything up, you can always re-image from the original.
Once you've done that, how to proceed will depend on how severe the damage is. Luckily, EXT4 doesn't just store an MFT at the beginning and end of the partition as NTFS does, so you have a chance of getting some stuff back, although there will definitely be some files that are completely history since they were overwritten.

After you've imaged your drive, give this a read:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DataRecovery


Does software update really get me the latest version of the OS?

Actually, it can.

When you run sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade, it will install all updates for your version of Ubuntu, which include both software packages and kernel updates. So, for example, if you have Ubuntu 14.04, you may update your kernel to the latest 3.x version (get minor updates). But not to the 4.x (major update) version (though, actually there are methods to do that too).

If you want to get the newest updates, you may try to upgrade your Ubuntu version by typing: sudo apt-get dist-upgrade. But be careful with that.

If you have an Ubuntu version earlier than 12.04 LTS, you won't be able to get updates at all, except that you may actually do a release upgrade to a newer version of Ubuntu. For example, if you have 10.04, you may update to 12.04, then to 14.04 and finally to 16.04. One major dist upgrade at a time.

Thanks to Zeiss for pointing this out in a comment.


having problem with squidGuard. Need help

open your terminal with ctrl+alt+t and type as

sudo apt-get install libdb-4.6.so

Then restart your system to apply the changes then try again to launch it.


Does minimizing the windows reduce the RAM usage?

No. It's unlikely, because the contents of those windows must still be stored somewhere.


Printer drivers on KONICA MINOLTA PP 1350e

They do offer a download file if you select LINUX in the driver download site.  But it's just a README file with this:

  Support for KONICA MINOLTA PagePro 1350E/1350EN and Linux /  Mac OS X
  can be achieved using third party solutions such  as Gimp-Print.
  ...
  If "KONICA MINOLTA PagePro 1350E" or "KONICA MINOLTA PagePro  1350EN"
  printer models are not listed, please use "HP  LaserJet 6 Series"
  instead.

Note that gimp-print has been replaced by Gutenprint and the drivers are listed under Minolta (not Konica)


The way to use network manager for default network assignment is by checking the 'Use this connection only for resources on its network' option in editing IPv4 routes on all connections you do NOT want to be the default.

To do this without Network manager simply edit connections that you don't want to be default and add the following at the end of each corresponding file in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/YourConnection

never-default=true

this line should be added under IPv4 section.

NOTE: Replace YourConnection with the corresponding Connection name. You can see available options via

ls /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/


How to store sensitive information (passwords) so it can be accessed by cronjob?

You will probably have to store the password in a file that is only readable by root. crontab jobs run as root so they will have access, but other users of the system won't.

If it is acceptable to require the user to sign on first, you could have the user run a program to transfer the password from the gnome-keyring (seahorse) to a user owned file on a tmpfs file system. In that way it is never stored unencrypted on non-volatile storage.


How can I install Ubuntu on my Acer 6860 E1-472p?

Have you tried using Rufus? (https://rufus.akeo.ie/downloads/), I have successfully installed triple OS (win 8, ubuntu, kali) on my laptop HP 14 (UEFI boot too). I made Kali and Ubuntu bootable flashdrives with Rufus. You can search the tutorial. Thanks


Odd... Works for me!

I'm using the totem plugin which I thought shipped with Ubuntu. Have a look at about:plugins in the browser and see if you can see "QuickTime Plug-in 7.something"

If you don't, check totem-mozilla is installed. Might be worth installing the ubuntu-restricted-extras package to make sure you've got the right codecs.

Just searching synaptic, I also have libquicktime1 installed. It's a dependency of quicktime-utils so it might be worth installing that. It might just be something used for encoding to quicktime.

Edit: you might also need gstreamer-plugins-bad for AAC audio.


Can I generate an installation CD image from my current installation? How do I clone an Ubuntu install?

1) You could clone / ghost the drive with dd like this.

dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb

2) Another option Clonezilla

Example usages:

Save disk image
Restore disk image
Disk to disk clone (Same as the above dd command)
One image to multiple disks
Create Recovery Clonezilla

3) Other possibilities based on dpkg and rsync and a fresh install like here. Probably more preferable due to hardware/user info/passwords, as has been indicated in other answers.

Create text file of current packages as seen (here):

sudo -i  # starts a root session
    # ... run whatever commands you need to mount the safe storage device ...
dpkg --get-selections > /<path to safe storage device>/dpkg-selections
    # records a list of installed packages into the file named after the > sign.
    # ... now run commands you need to safely unmount the storage device ...
<ctrl-D>  # end the root session.

Move the file created from this to the friends computer and run the following:

sudo -i # starts a root session.
    # ... commands to mount the storage device ...
dpkg --set-selections < /<path to safe storage device>/dpkg-selections
    # sets the list of packages to install from the list kept previously
apt-get dselect-upgrade # actually installs the packages.
    # ... now unmount the device ...
<ctrl-D>  # end the root session


Can't enable my wifi on Lenovo G40-30 laptop

If you have no other connection to internet, you can temporarily enable wifi by

sudo modprobe -r ideapad_laptop
sudo rfkill unblock all

To make it permanent run

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/ideapad-laptop
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ideapad-laptop-dkms

This will install ideapad_laptop with my patch for this laptop. The patch has been accepted upstream but did not reach all Ubuntu kernels.


I can only execute calibre as root (with sudo). What should I do to be able to execute it without root privileges?

I finally found the solution myself. I simply had to change permissions of the directories /opt and /opt/calibre so that any user can access to them. Now I can execute calibre without root privileges by simply writing

  calibre

and all files and directories generated by calibre are owned by my user.


Linux (and therefore Ubuntu) works with "generic" devices. "Generic" means 1 module (A.k.a. "driver") that supports many devices. Not every manufacturer of these dongles have their own chip inside these dongles. They tend to purchase these in large quantities from the same manufacturer so internally they are identical to other dongles using the same chip.

For Linux/Ubuntu that normally means someone used a dongle with Linux with the same chipset as you have, figured out how to get it to work and someone updated that generic driver so it got support for that chipset.  That means that that device is supported out of the box on Linux.

In Windows each seller of that dongle will have its own software with that dongle and also their own (but maybe just slightly different) driver to go along with it.


How to know when formatting disk has finsihed - Ubuntu 16.04?

I had a similar situation where I right clicked a previously created partition on an external drive to reformat it. Once it had started there was no window of any sort to show the progress of the formatting. My solution was to open the Disk Utility which can easily be installed if it is not already available.

Once I opened Disk Utility I was able to select the partition being formatted and view the progress bar together with an estimation of the time remaining.

Note: when looking for Disk Utility amongst your apps only enter the term Disk as that is what it shows up as.


Ubuntu EFI booting fails after Mac OS X booting

I think I have a solution.
I found these threads relevant:
Dual-Booting OS X or macOS with Linux without rEFInd
Dual-Booting with El Capitan without using rEFInd, how should the bootloader be installed?
Actually, I only needed the first one.  In particular, I did this:
cp /Volumes/EFI/EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi /Volumes/EFI/EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi

Yet it didn't work so as suggested I read Adam Williamson's UEFI boot: how does that actually work, then?
Apart from "quite frankly, screw Macs" (maybe) I also found

The UEFI boot manager is a firmware policy engine that can be configured by modifying architecturally defined global NVRAM variables.

So I tried to reset the NVRAM and the miracle occurred: Ubuntu boots directly.
2021 May 5, I come back on this because I found the cause of the problem: using an external Full HD 1020 line monitor with Mac OS X El Capitan, this higher resolution is written somehow in the NVRAM and not only spoils the display of GRUB and Ubuntu but also cause kernel panic.  The problem can be avoided by disconnecting the external monitor before Mac OS X shutdown.


This should do it if automatic time synchronization is disabled:

sudo timedatectl set-time '10:42:43'

Otherwise, use:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

and follow onscreen instructions. You can read more here.


cannot install software because of authentication problem in ubuntu 12.04

Login as a normal user

Enable root account
$sudo passwd root

switch to root account
su -

Install packages
apt-get install ...


"BAD idea" warning when trying to recover Grub, after Windows removed it

The bad idea warning is caused by trying to install grub onto a partition rather than a hard disk. Having booted up your Live CD,

when you run grub-install as per the Guide in the Ubuntu Wiki, make sure the hard drive you pass as an argument is /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1.

That is:

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/media/[GUID] /dev/sda

Where [GUID] is the identifier of the disk you have found out using mount | tail -1

Here's why:

The master boot record, MBR, is the first 512 byte 'sector' of any partitioned
hard disk.

The BIOS searches this sector when trying to find a device it can
boot from.

In the GNU/Linux system, your hard disks are all named /dev/sd[x], where x
are consecutive letters. E.g.: /dev/sda and /dev/sdb. The first partition on the first disk is called /dev/sda1. The fourth partition on the seventh hard disk is called /dev/sdg4, and so on. At the very least, you'll have one partition.
These partitions are not searched for bootable data by
the bios.
As a result, grub-install [...] /dev/sda7 will issue a warning. You can install
it there, but in almost any case, you shouldn't.


How to install Ubuntu 11.04's system settings in Ubuntu 12.04?

You can't do it without hacking
Because system settings in the 11.04 is the system settings for the GNOME 2, and system settings in the 12.04 is system settings for the GNOME 3. Still you may can compile it from source (It may break your system). But it is out of the scope of my answer.
Edit:
Installing MATE desktop in ubuntu will give classic system settings.


How to share files between Ubuntu and OSX?

Setup a Samba Server in Ubuntu
In OSX:

Open a finder window and hit cmd-K
Type 'smb://ipAddress' where 'ipAddress' is your ipaddress
Select the share you're connecting to (as per the samba setup)
Authenticate
It should mount the share the same as it mounts anything else

In Windows:

Configure your firewall to allow smb connections if it doesn't already
Open Start->Run
Type '\ipAddress' where 'ipAddress' is your ipaddress
Authenticate
Under the 'Network Places' folder the shared folders should appear

Here's a really long drawn-out explanation for windows including how to setup the server in *nix.
Samba is basically Windows NFS (Network File System) that is completely cross platform and easier to setup/use.
Note: There is a GUI tool for configuring Samba but I can't remember how to access it off the top of my head. Also, I think you can connect to Samba in OSX under connect-to (or something similar) from the top bar menu but I can't remember exactly what it's called since I haven't used a mac in over 6 years.
IMHO, this method is a lot easier and straight forward to use than FTP because it mounts the remote folder as if it's a local folder on your system. It doesn't get much more transparent than that.


I have the same year/model running Ubuntu 15.04 successfully. However, my DVD drive is still functional so I was able to use that for the installation.

A bit of Googling yielded:

http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/how-to-boot-a-linux-live-usb-stick-on-your-mac/

which should help get you started with USB based installation.

Also, I used reFind which seems a newer fork of reFit.

http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/

Ubuntu breathed new life into this box, and I was able to turn into a fairly secure home NAS + HTPC. Good luck.


Generic problem with networkmanager on Ubuntu 12.04 / elementaryOS

I think I've found a solution: From my point of view it seems to be an error within the last upate of the package network-manager-gnome, which was released 2015-02-16 (http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/package/core/precise/main/updates/network-manager-gnome). I've tried to find the concrete error and so I've tried to use an older package version: The problem was no more present and the applet is useful as always. The problem within: The unity-greeter was also updated and breaks the package. The final solution for now is little easier:

Just download the deb-package for your platform (amd64 or i386) (http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/network-manager-gnome).
Unpack the concurrent deb-package and copy the included version of nm-applet under /usr/bin/nm-applet - make a copy / backup of your present version.
Restart your system and everything should work as always.


Maximize current window to the **top/bottom**?

If you have a full-size keyboard:

Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 8 - Place window in top half of screen.
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 2 - Place window in the bottom half of the screen.

Reference: What are Unity's keyboard and mouse shortcuts?

If you're on a laptop, you may need to change the key bindings as you obviously won't have a number pad.


How can I troubleshoot flash player/hardware conflict?

ALRIGHTY THEN my issue is fully resolved and I'll walk us through it.  The graphics card driver is moot, unimportant, and otherwise not related.  I have no need to tinker with it at this time.

Based on the report on the linked thread that Flash 11.2 does not work with Athlon XP 1600+, I will venture to say that it does not work with my Athlon XP 2800+.  So I downloaded Flash 10.3, and it worked.  Not satisfied to stop there, I tried Flash 11.1 and it also works.  To summarize:

IF YOU HAVE AN ATHLON XP CPU USE FLASH 11.1!

I confirmed that it worked on youtube and hulu and that fullscreening caused no additional problems (a while back fullscreening would make vids play choppily).  I'm new here so I don't know if I can retroactively change the topic flags to reflect the fact that it is the CPU we are concerned with, and not drivers at all - but I'll try.  Thank you and good night.


What domain users have or have not logged into my Ubuntu VM?

I was able to do lastlog > log.txt to export the log to a text file.

Then I used FTP to put it on a windows server I had for other purposes, to get the file off.


How can I change the font size of locally installed KDE application menus and dialogs?

I've found the answer. The config file in my case is located in /home/r/kdenlive/20150506/.kde/share/config . It's kdeglobals file. The example of this file in my case:

[$Version]
update_info=kded.upd:kde3.0,kdeui.upd:kde4/migrate_from_kde3_icon_theme

[KFileDialog Settings]
Automatically select filename extension=true
Breadcrumb Navigation=true
Decoration position=0
LocationCombo Completionmode=5
PathCombo Completionmode=5
Previews=false
Show Bookmarks=false
Show Full Path=false
Show Preview=false
Show Speedbar=true
Show hidden files=true
Sort by=Name
Sort directories first=true
Sort reversed=false
Speedbar Width=135
View Style=Simple
listViewIconSize=0

[General]
desktopFont=Ubuntu,11,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
fixed=Ubuntu Mono,14,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
font=Ubuntu,11,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
menuFont=Ubuntu,11,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
smallestReadableFont=Ubuntu,10,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
taskbarFont=Ubuntu,11,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
toolBarFont=Ubuntu,11,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
widgetStyle=gtk+

I used systemsetting application(installed from repository) and then copied the part(which concerned to fonts) of created by this application file /home/'user'/.kde/share/config/kdeglobals to this file(which belongs to installed into home directory configuration of kdenlive and kde) /home/'user'/kdenlive/20150506/.kde/share/config/kdeglobals.


System Freezes seemingly randomly (Ubuntu 18.04)

try removing all firefox add-ons and plugins. For me it turned out to be dark reader.


How to resize a disk on ubuntu 16.04 LTS

You can resize partitions on a virtual machine the same as with a physical machine.  Make a backup, and then load GPartEd on a (virtual) live disc.


Ubuntu 15.10 freeze on Acer E11/Bay Trail CPU

I had the EXACT same problem under MATE-15.10. Running the 15.04 base was perfect but with the new 15.10 wonderful increases all over really pushed me to change. I have an Acer Aspire with the Bay Trail and N3540 Processor. (4 identical laptops) I have experienced the same freezing. The Kernel logs absolutely nothing and the freezing occurs completely in random, in use or just idle. First time it happened was only a few minutes in and continued to happen anywhere from 5 minutes to a few hours. No logging occurs at all, everything is 100% unresponsive including the Kernel. No SysRq commands go through at all.

After a few frustrating nights of trying tons of fixes it was still a problem. I believe it has something to do with the power management in the newer 4.2 Kernel. I noticed when the system freezes that the processor starts to heat up and stays toasty even though the system is dead.

I finally decided to try stepping back Kernels. I have 4 identical laptops so I was able to do a 100% unmodified fresh install of Mate 15.10 each time before testing. ALL 4 laptops experienced the same random system freezing. The first Kernel I used before the 4.2.x ran stable as could be.

I'm convinced the issue is in the 4.2 Kernel and I was able to solve my problem by reverting back to Kernel 4.1.20. Not only are all the speed increases still present but the system is running better than it's ever ran before on a Ubuntu Build. As a very experienced and serious Linux user it's always exciting when LEAPS are made over little steps.

TO REVERT The Kernel I did the following: (Partially Taken from http://linuxdaddy.com/blog/install-kernel-4-1-on-ubuntu/ for reference to the Kernel Files I needed)

Open a Terminal Window:
mkdir /tmp/kernel
cd /tmp/kernel
wget \
kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.1.20-wily/linux-headers-4.1.20-040120_4.1.20-040120.201603171731_all.deb \
kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.1.20-wily/linux-headers-4.1.20-040120-generic_4.1.20-040120.201603171731_amd64.deb \
kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.1.20-wily/linux-image-4.1.20-040120-generic_4.1.20-040120.201603171731_amd64.deb

//Make sure you copy the entire WGET command from \ to the last line as it will download all of the files in one shot.

Install the Kernel:
sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-4.1*.deb linux-image-4.1*.deb

Kernel Installation is DONE. Now to USE the Kernel you will need to modify your GRUB Configuration. To do so, RESTART your computer, After your BIOS screen hold the SHIFT key to get the GRUB Boot Options. From here you will need to pay attention to the menu options. Imagine an imaginary number next to each menu line starting with ZERO, 1, 2, 3.

Mine looked like this.

0) Ubuntu

1) Other Versions

2) Mem Test

3) Mem Test 2

After selecting 1. Other Versions I came to the Kernels Screen. I had done a full system update which installed other Kernels So My screen had several. Imagining the numbers again.

0) Kernel 4.2.0-34

1) Kernel 4.2.0-34 Safe

2) Kernel 4.2.0-16

3) Kernel 4.2.0-16 Safe

4) Kernel 4.1.20

5) Kernel 4.1.20 Safe

etc...

So to select the slightly older Kernel that works perfect it was option 4.

REMEMBERING these numbers, go ahead and SELECT the 4.1.20 Kernel to boot from. Once the system has started Open a Terminal.

cd /etc/default
sudo edit grub (use whatever editor you have to change the file)

You will need to modify the first line to look like this
GRUB_DEFAULT="1>4"

REPLACING 1 and 4 with whatever numbers corresponded to your menu options. Make sure to remember the quotes. This line will tell grub to select menu 1 and sub menu 4 which will be the kernel we installed.

After savings the file run:

sudo update-grub

You're Done with the hard part! I ran into one other issue which you may or may not run into with the 4.1 series Kernels. There was always a problem with rebooting time. The user session would default to 90 seconds before closing processes. Thankfully you don't reboot too often, but to fix that make the following change.

Open a Terminal:

cd /etc/systemd
sudo edit system.conf

FIND and remove the # comments for these two lines.
DefaultTimeoutStartSec=10s
DefaultTimeoutStopSec=10s

Note that I changed the time to 10s which is what you will want to do. The default is 90s. This will cause the user session to terminate in the 10s version waiting 90s. (or so it would seem). Save this file and restart. To see proof of the change pressing escape on the splash page will show you the commands running through the restart process.

ALL DONE! In my 18 years of using linux both personally and professionally. The MATE 15.10 Build on Ubuntu with the 4.1.20 Kernel has been the most successfully complete system running and I run a LOT of machines of every shape, size, age and profession for hundreds of companies. Hope this helps others!

p.s. Something I believe worth mentioning. On the INTEL BAY TRAIL CPU's I've NEVER been able to run the USB 3.0 Mode enabled in the BIOS without problems on any linux Kernel in the last several years. So I would just make sure you keep the Enhanced USB 3.0 DISABLED when running Linux. It will work but I experienced data loss, device issues and shutdown and reboot problems and power management issues with this option enabled.


Can no longer use CTRL+Left/Right in Bash Terminal

Open ~/.inputrc file and add the following lines:

# mappings for Ctrl-left-arrow and Ctrl-right-arrow for word moving
"\e[1;5C": forward-word
"\e[1;5D": backward-word

Close and reopen shell.Now you should be able to use those keys.

Reasons for this behavior ? Not quite certain. For some reason or the other your bash stopped reading /etc/inputrc file, but it should be reading the one in your home folder


How to suppress Authorization Request notifications?

Disabling plugin AuthAgent stops the notifications from coming in.

This is for blueman 2.0.5 on Ubuntu 18.04 with i3 4.14.1.


If you want to run a cronjob for a user that they can't modify, it is easy. Just create an executable file in /etc/cron.d, with the sixth field being the username and the seventh field the command (same format as in /etc/crontab). For example:

$ cat /etc/cron.d/foo
30 5 * * * muru date > /tmp/foo

Will run date > /tmp/foo as user muru at 5:30 each day.

If you want to prevent users from modifying their crontab, add their username to /etc/cron.deny.


Error 0x80070570: The file or directory is corrupted and unreadable

Well, formatting the drive could be the best option for you to fix “the file or directory is corrupted and unreadable” error. Here’s how you can format a hard disk:
•   Find the affected hard disk partition and right-click on it
•   Choose the format option on a drop-down menu
•   Then, choose the file system and click on the Quick Format option.
•   Click on the ‘Start’ option to begin the formatting process.


Configuration file for NetworkManager in Ubuntu Core

The manual for network management on Ubuntu Core says this about it:

By default network management on Ubuntu Core is handled by systemd's networkd and netplan. While NetworkManager has some support to handle netplan configuration files, Ethernet support is disabled by default and has to be turned on explicitly to avoid conflicts with existing network configuration.

The link to networkd has this to say:

Configuration Files
The configuration files are read from the files located in the system network directory /usr/lib/systemd/network, the volatile runtime network directory /run/systemd/network and the local administration network directory /etc/systemd/network.

The link to netplan has this to say:

YAML network configuration abstraction for various backends (NetworkManager, networkd)
netplan reads network configuration from /etc/nplan/*.yaml which are written by administrators, installers, cloud image instantiations, or other OS deployments. During early boot it then generates backend specific configuration files in /run to hand off control of devices to a particular networking daemon.

So take your pick from any of the listed configuration files.


Go to Preferences/General and choose which "Visible Colums" you want to have displayed:


Increasing the screen saver delay on ubuntu 17.10

You should be able to do this using the following command:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session idle-delay 2700

Alternatively you can install dconf-editor and use it to browse to this value and set it, if you prefer a GUI approach.

After settings this, the gnome settings dialog will list a value of "never" for this key. I haven't tried waiting for 45 minutes to see if it indeed does what one would expect.

Side note

How did I find out? I dumped my current gsettings using the following command:

for s in $(gsettings list-schemas); do for k in $(gsettings list-keys $s); do echo -n "$s/$k: "; gsettings get $s $k; done; done >gsettings.1

Then changed the setting using the gnome settings dialog. Then ran the command again, but replace gsettings.1 with gsettings.2, to dump again the settings into another file.

Afterwards I could use diff like this to see which key was changed:

diff gsettings.1 gsettings.2
1883c1883
< org.gnome.desktop.session/idle-delay: uint32 900
---
> org.gnome.desktop.session/idle-delay: uint32 600


Using linux/ubuntu to combat windows flash drive malware?

I don't think that there are any dangers with this method.  The reason why malware cannot hide when on linux (Ubuntu) because Windows and linux are different.  Linux cannot run exe files without applications that allows it to run.  Most malware has an autorun type thing that allows to hide the files but since linux cannot read exe files at all the files are not hidden.

I hope this helps.


Huge loss of memory from USB boot. Any help?

Can you explain a little bit more your problem? The only thing I have in mind is that when you formatted your USB, you problably changed its size to 700mb... Try reformatting it and using the default format option in Windows, and check the options on the window...

(Psss... I can't show it with images, I'm not running Windows but Ubuntu)


How do I configure the result of the fontconfig command fc-match serif?

You can remove the symlink to /etc/fonts/conf.avail/64-arphic-uming.conf, which is the cause of it:

sudo rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/64-arphic-uming.conf

Or if you don't like UMing, why not simply remove the whole package:

sudo apt purge fonts-arphic-uming

Extra comments:
What you noticed is not good. Ubuntu ships the fonts-arphic-uming package by default for Chinese users, but since Ubuntu 18.04 the intention is that Noto Serif CJK {SC,TC} shall be the default font for Chinese serif. Due to the aggressive configuration in that file, it doesn't work as intended.

I'm going to fix that. Thanks for calling my attention to it!

Edit:

About to be fixed in eoan: https://launchpad.net/bugs/1834561


Run the command sudo apt-get -f updateand then sudo apt-get install firefox.
Here is a description of -f flag from man page of apt-get.

-f, --fix-broken
    Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place.
    This option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages
    to permit APT to deduce a likely solution.


DVD Playback prohibited by area limitations


Here is what my partitions look like

walt@bat:~(0)$ df -m | grep -E 'sda|Used'
Filesystem          1M-blocks   Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5              140435  16124    117156  13% /
/dev/sda7              316201 122259    177859  41% /home
/dev/sda6                 977    143       767  16% /boot
walt@bat:~(0)$

so I guess you could use 200 1-M blocks for /boot and 1800 for /.

Swap space should be (Size of RAM) * 1.2 (or  *2.0).


update-alternatives: change version of LLVM tools

Of course it is possible - there are dependencies (argument --slave) in update-alternatives which makes exactly what I need!


Persisting increased playback speed between videos in VLC

Follow these steps to get it done.

open vlc.
in the menu select tools -> preferences
Scroll down and select the all button under "Show Settings"
Click the "Input/ Codecs" and then scroll down
Under "Playback control" set your desired playback speed.
Changes would effect immediately (if it doesn't then restart vlc)


Printer Canon MP540 succesfully added finally but doesn't print? (Attached Debug log)

Ok, i tried several ways to get the printer running.

One way was to install the libcupsys transitional package, it let me install the debian drivers version 3.0 for mp540. - the printer didn't work

The other way was to customize the packages to work with libcupsys as described in the linked guide above - this also wasn't succesful -  the printer didn't work.

The last idea, since the printer of the mp series seems to be very similar, was to try the drivers for the mp550 instead. the debian version was 3.2 (from 2010) as the mp540 debian drivers were 3.0 (from 2008). - They work perfectly. Same advice for the scan drivers. i used the linux scangear drivers 1.4 for mp550 (from 2010) and they work as a charme. So perhaps, if someone has the same problem use this drivers and it should work. Perhaps you could also need to install the libcupsys2_1.3.9-17ubuntu3.9_all.deb transitional package, i tested this not extra since i had it installed.


I found the solution. I booted into recovery mode, from there dropped to a root shell and ran the fallowing command:

fsck /dev/sda6 -v

That seamed to fix the problem.


Shortcut key to rename a file/folder in PCManFM is F2.  The same as in Windows, which is handy if you use both.


Its looking like you have installed Ubuntu in  total part of the disk. So that partition was mounted because your Ubuntu functioning through that partition.

what you have to do ?

You can not edit that partition unless you unmount it & you can not run your system with out mounting it.

Solution: Make either bootable DVD or USB of Ubuntu and then choose try Ubuntu for the live system. then open Gparted in the live system and do the same process for editing disk partition.


The snapd return status code 400 : Bad Request error may be caused because slack must be installed from the terminal with the --classic confinement option with this command:
sudo snap install slack --classic

A snap in classic confinement behaves as a traditionally packaged application with full access to the system, however the default snap package installation installs the snap package without full access to the system so the installation of slack in the Ubuntu Software app failed.
To show information about the options required to properly install slack run this command:
snap info slack


Have you tried setting it in Control Center and then Power Management Preferences? You should go to On Battery Power and configure it as you like.


Problem in invoke sudo make install in python script

Replace your subprocess.run() command with this:

subprocess.call(self.items, stdout=DEVNULL, stderr=DEVNULL,shell=True)

This should work, however, I'd personally approach this via using lists, and call specific shell per each shell script. shell=True however will call /bin/sh on your bootstrap.sh ,  which hopefully doesn't contain any bashisms and is portable.


Attempting to upgrade from Ubuntu Server 16.04 to 18.*

I had the same issue. I did:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade -y
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo do-release-upgrade

Hope this helps!


Easiest way to stop using a separate partition for /boot?

I don't think a separate /boot is a bad idea, but I'll try to answer your question.

Outline:

Boot up a live OS (like lubuntu) off of a DVD in the drive, or by using a bootable USB stick.
Mount both /boot and / (root)
make a directory in / called /boot
copy or rsync over all the files
using gParted, delete the original /boot partition

I'll try to flesh the outline out with specific details, but instead you might want to try this general plan to just enlarge /boot to whatever size you need:

Boot up a live OS
Back up your installation
Using Gparted, enlarge your /boot directory to whatever size you need. I usually go to 512 MiB, as hard drive space is cheap. This might require shifting or shrinking (or both) another partition slightly. Usually, gParted is really good about doing this but I did warn you to back everything up. If you are shrinking the NTFS partition, you must have shutdown MS-Windows completely or gParted won't let you manipulate the size.

More details for the first version:

After booting the live OS, open a terminal, figure out what partition is what. Here I'll assume sda1 is /boot and sda3 is / (root)
Mount /boot

sudo mkdir /media/boot

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/boot
Mount (root)

sudo mkdir /media/root

sudo mount /dev/sda3 /media/root
create new boot area:

sudo mkdir /media/root/boot
copy all files over

rsync -av /media/boot /media/root/boot
Test. When you are where you want to be, boot into the live OS again and use gParted to remove sda1 (former boot partition)


Just in case you (or anyone else) haven't resolved this:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1602577

Posts #6 & 7 seem to give a solution. Hope this helps...


Ubuntu 14.04 install nVIDIA Driver 3.52 Reboot and Black Screen

This happened to me multiple times in 14.04 and again in 16.04. Every time you take an Nvidia driver update it seems I run the risk of getting a blank screen on reboot.

Here is how I have fixed it each time.
Purge all Nvidia-related packages

Boot int blank screen.

Log in to a terminal: Ctrl+Alt+F1 (terminal should still be accessible)

sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia-* libcuda-*

Rebooting should then get you to be able to log on using GUI.
Then the choice is yours. Try re-installing the propriety Nvidia drivers (sometimes it has worked for me - some times not) or try the Nouveau drivers that come with Ubuntu.

Sometimes taking a lesser version of the official drivers has also worked. Then I updated to a newer version a few months later and all was good.

I use Ubuntu for my work laptop so never take the driver updates when offered as a software update unless its the weekend or not a critical time as I have to be ready to spend time fixing and cleaning up when things go wrong which is about 50% of the time :)


ata1: failed to read log page 10h (errno=-5). Is it a hardrive failure? If yes is it repairable( physical or using software)?

I used an external casing and ran crystaldiskinfo S.M.A.R.T. It showed my disk in red and the reason was my disk ran out of reallocatable sectors. Sorry, Didn't take any screenshots.The disk had total time running of 4k+ hours. Should have known about S.M.A.R.T before. Drilled my HDD in rage!

Solution: none. The disk is recoverable though if you can spend (software or service).
Also, you can use a live usb and run smart tools instead of searching for a enclosure.q


There are certain sounds built in. Open the DConf Editor (Alt+F2 and then type dconf-editor) and navigate to org.gnome.desktop.sound. Make sure to select both the checkboxes. Make sure the sound scheme name is "ubuntu" if you just want the default sounds.

To install DConf editor if you haven't installed it already, find it on Synaptic or do sudo apt update && sudo apt install dconf-editor in the terminal.

DConf Editor on org.gnome.desktop.sound


MBK_IN_PH command not found while working with Alliance cad 5.0

When doing variable assignment, there can't be any unescaped spaces. The shell is interpreting MBK_IN_PH in the first line as a command. Instead, you code should read:

MBK_IN_PH=ap
export MBK_IN_PH
MBK_OUT_LO=spi
export MBK_OUT_LO

Or you could just shorten it to:

export MBK_IN_PH=ap
export MBK_OUT_LO=spi


Thinkpad External Keyboard - Fn Ctrl switch

Try the instructions from https://github.com/lentinj/tp-compact-keyboard. Briefly, this command should enable the top-row function keys:

echo 0 > /sys/bus/hid/devices/*17EF\:604*/fn_lock


I found a solution add -I to the command.
I hope this helps.
So the command would be something like this.

sudo usb_modeswitch -v 0x12d1 -p 0x1446 -V 0x12d1 -P 0x1506 -m 0x01 -M 55534243123456780000000000000011062000000100000000000000000000  -I

Or you can use a config file and add -I.


How can I make my ubuntu 11.10 use less of my memory and processor?

Your options are limited... in other words, you need to upgrade your processor...

upgrading your ram might help too but I doubt it.

You could also consider using a lighter Desktop enviroment. such as lxde


Can anyone help me through the preparation of Eclipse IDE for an Android developer in Ubuntu 12.04?

Installing the Android SDK to use with Eclipse works the same way on Ubuntu as it does on other Linux-based operating systems. You should follow the instructions in the official documentation.

As of the time of this writing, that means you'll download this SDK package, then follow the instructions in Installing the SDK.

Install the Android SDK Itself

To summarize the Android SDK installation instructions, you'll download the SDK, unpack it wherever you want it, and remember where you unpacked it because you'll be providing that information in Eclipse later, when setting up the ADT plugin (see below). If you have no other preference, a good place for the Android SDK is directly in your home directory (not the Downloads folder it may have been saved to, but to the home directory, which contains your downloads folder, your Documents folder, your Desktop folder, and so forth). To extract the Android SDK, put the .tar.gz file wherever you want it, then right-click on it and click Extract Here.

The Android SDK contains 32-bit programs and libraries. This is fine even if you are running the 64-bit version of Ubuntu. But if you're running the 64-bit version of Ubuntu, you probably only already have the 32-bit versions of the libraries that the Android SDK relies on installed. The easiest way to install the 64-bit versions of these libraries is by installing the ia32-libs package. This works on all versions of Ubuntu. See this question for details.

Install a JDK If You Don't Have One Already

The installation instructions give you a link to where you can download Oracle's proprietary JDK (Java). If you choose to use the Oracle's proprietary JDK, this answer explains how to install it from the command-line with the packages available on Oracle's website.

If you prefer to use the OpenJDK, you can install do this by installing the openjdk-7-jdk package in the Software Center ...or by running this command in the Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T):

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk

The installation instructions say to use JDK 6 (which you can do by installing openjdk-6-jdk), but they link to version 7 of Oracle's proprietary JDK, so the Android SDK will probably work fine with the latest OpenJDK as well.

The installation instructions explicitly recommend that Ubuntu users see the community documentation on Java and Java installation, if experiencing any problems.

Install the ADT Plugin for Eclipse

As explained in the installation instructions, you'll install the ADT plugin for Eclipse, which is what lets you use Eclipse to develop Android applications.

Install Android Development Packages In Eclipse

In Eclipse, you'll pick what Android development packages you want to install. Different packages are required for targeting different versions of the Android operating system for different devices, and for using various additional functionality implemented by some mobile device manufacturers. You can have however many of these packages installed at the same time as you wish (although if you select a lot of them, it may take a while for them to download and install before you can begin developing for Android). The installation instructions explain how to decide what you need.


Battery won't charge 0% Ubuntu 20.04 LTS ASUS GL752VW-GS71

So the Battery is at fault in this case. However I am still not convinced that the Ubuntu Install did not cause the failure. The battery was working fine prior to the install of Linux. Perhaps it is a combination of old parts and stress. Not sure, but the reason the system is not charging is due to the battery failing.


Wireless randomly disconnects from time to time

Edit: This seemed to increase the time it takes before it disconnects, but it will still eventually disconnect. :-(

When I run:

sudo ifconfig wlan0 down
sudo rmmod ath5k
sudo modprobe ath5k nohwcrypt=1
sudo ifconfig wlan0 up

The wifi will not disconnect until I reboot.

To make this permanent by adding options ath5k nohwcrypt=1 to /etc/modprobe.d/ath5k.conf.

I then added ath5k to /etc/modules.

Source: here


Short realtek rtl8723be wifi range when using ubuntu 14.04 laptop

I bought a new laptop a few weeks ago and had the same problem, then I found https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new/issues/28 and change the antenna position as Ghost says.

Here is the picture he adds to guide you (the antenna was connected to the pin on the right side) now my wifi works correctly.

I know its late, but just in case anyone else has the same problem can try this solution.


Symbolic Link says it is pointing to correct folder but goes to parent in FileZilla

Got it working as follows, navigated to /var/www/example.com/target/public_html folder then issued following: ln -s /var/www/example.com/target/public_html faker. Could be that I wasn't in the correct folder.


Extending partition (merge two partitions on same disk) NON gparted

Is not fdisc, but is parted :)

Ok.
You already done:

move your /home tu /dev/sdb1

Now:

Before resizing a partition, boot into rescue mode (or unmount any partitions on the device and turn off any swap space on the device).

Start parted, where /dev/sda is the device on which to resize the partition:

parted /dev/sda

View the current partition table to determine the minor number of the partition to resize as well as the start and end points for the partition:

print

To resize the partition, use the resize command followed by the minor number for the partition, the starting place in megabytes, and the end place in megabytes.

resize 2 1024 8048

before resize delete /dev/sda3

rm 3

After resizing the partition, use the print command to confirm that the partition has been resized correctly, is the correct partition type, and is the correct file system type.

After rebooting the system into normal mode, use the command df to make sure the partition was mounted and is recognized with the new size.


How to get dual monitors working with Nvidia in Ubuntu 14.10

You appear to be having a very similar issue to what I had with a Dell Alienware laptop. I posted a solution that worked for me here: Dual monitor setup, why does NVidia 340 Prime only detect one monitor?


Install android-sdk from official packages

I've tried that package as well, same result.

I suspect the SDK-Manager is not included on purpose though.

If you think about it, the SDK-Manager does update stuff like platform-tools and build-tools, and those are provided (and thus updated) by the package via apt.

So I guess the package is intended to be used as-is, without the SDK-Manager so the user cannot mess things up.

For what it's worth, using the package does not make sense for me, and I'll stick to the old-fashioned way, e.g. manual download and installation of the SDK. Mainly because I prefer fine-grained control over the SDK.


Is it possible to sign the Ubuntu Code of Conduct, 2.0 in I already signed 1.1?

I also have the same:

The current version is 2.0, released 2005-04-12

Congratulations, you have already signed the Ubuntu Code of Conduct.

If I click on signed, I get to my Code of Conduct version 1.1 I have signed. You can check it, and at the end you have a Deactivat button.

Click it, and then you can sign it again, using the usual method. This time you will sign the 2.0 version.

P.S. Sorry for the non-detailed answer, but I am in a hurry :)

Edit:

I have managed to revoke my old code of conduct, and now I have signed the 2.0 version.

Your Code of Conduct Signature was modified.
= Ubuntu Code of Conduct v2.0 =

However I had some small issues;

For starters, I have deleted the old key I have signed the initial COC, so I generated a new one. Strangely when running the command :

gpg --clearsign UbuntuCodeofConduct-2.0.txt

the default key is taken. I had now multiple on my key-ring, so I wasn't signing with the one I had just re-registered on Launchpad's site.
The correct command to sign the COC with the chosen key is:

gpg -u <name of wanted key> --clearsign UbuntuCodeofConduct-2.0.txt

So when I finally managed to sign the COC with the wanted key, Launchpad wasn't accepting the response I was generating. Honestly I have copy/pasted the response at least 15 times, until it finally accepted it. :)

So there I go, now I have version 2.0 signed.


How to turn off the screen in Ubuntu 17.10?

This script works on my Ubuntu 17.10

#!/bin/bash

busctl --user set-property org.gnome.Mutter.DisplayConfig /org/gnome/Mutter/DisplayConfig org.gnome.Mutter.DisplayConfig PowerSaveMode i 1
read -n 1 -s -r -p "Press any key continue"
busctl --user set-property org.gnome.Mutter.DisplayConfig /org/gnome/Mutter/DisplayConfig org.gnome.Mutter.DisplayConfig PowerSaveMode i 0


How to do LAN search similar to Netscan in Windows?

There is a command line utility for that, nbtscan, it's available from the repositories.

sudo apt-get install nbtscan


Transmission Remote GUI setup hangs on DHT attempting to bootstrap

Just had this one myself and it is fixed easily by changing ownership of the file:

sudo chown debian-transmission:debian-transmission /var/lib/transmission-daemon/info/settings.json

This got me back and running right now. You can also try changing the user and group to root:debian-transmission if the previous doesn't work.


I recently installed Ubuntu 20.04 LTS and took the following steps to successfully mount my Synology NAS in ~/etc/fstab. These steps were also taken in 18.04 LTS
In the NAS, I set up a share (such as Common_Files) and the users/passwords to access the share in the NAS
Then in terminal
sudo apt-get install cifs-utils

create the mount point:
sudo mkdir /media/NAS/Common_Files (or whatever you wish to call your share)
Identify the ip address of your NAS (in my case I set it to a fixed address in my router).
In fstab create the following line (replace n and nnn with the details of your ip address:
//192.168.n.nnn/Common_Files /media/NAS/Common_Files cifs username=your_user_name_in_NAS,password=your_password_in_NAS_share,rw,uid=1000,gid=500

To check that it mounts in terminal sudo mount -a The share mounts cleanly on reboot.
To provide a desktop link to the share I added Desktop Icons NG (DING) in GNOME Extensions. Using Settings in the Extension (right click on the desktop) and select Settings and select Show external drives in the desktop GnV_Common is the share name to common files on my NAS.

I also provided an accepted answer to a similar question here for reference.


can i run Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS 64 bit in my computer?

Yes, Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 64 bit will run on your computer. The specific system requirements are as follows:

Minimum

384 MB of RAM
700 MHz processor (about Intel Celeron or better)
5 GB of hard-drive space
VGA capable of 1024x768 screen resolution
Either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media

Recommended

1 GB of RAM
Dual Core processor
10 GB of hard-drive space or SSD (the more hard disk capacity, the better)
Any graphics card with OpenGL 1.4 support (All GPUs released today by either NVidia, AMD or Intel; GPUs released by NVidia and AMD over the last 5 years; GPUs released by Intel after the GMA 950)
Either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media
Internet access is helpful

(Information taken from here)


Making a 12.10 bootable USB drive - usb-creator-gtk fails with a seg fault

I have successfully created a new USB boot drive using the following command:

$ sudo usb-creator-gtk --allow-system-internal

WATCH OUT! This may list additional drives in the target list. Be super careful not to overwrite your system partition.

According to this Ubuntu bug report, this is a very common issue. The comment that lead me to a solution is here.


The issue might be due to incompatible use of grub with the previous version, in this case please try with the below command by entrying through recovery mode,

sudo os-prober

sudo update-grub

Hope this helps.


MonoDevelop .NetFramework 4 Client Profile problem

Go to the project options, select the general tab and there select the target framework as 4.0 instead of .NETFramework 4.0 ClientProfile.

My project successfully compiled and my project is now running in Mono.


8086 emulator. Issue with i8086 istallation

It should work fine under wine.

sudo apt-get install wine


Flash and Java plug-ins in Chromium lost after upgrade to 14.04

The Chromium maintainer announced that Chromium is going to experience 'growing pains'.  Several things will be breaking.

Regarding flash, you will need to install the pepper flash plugin instead

sudo apt-get install pepperflashplugin-nonfree
sudo update-pepperflashplugin-nonfree --install