Naming conventions: apachectl, and configuration: do you think this is correct?

I guess there is a case to be made for a name change. But the historical reason for calling it apache is still stronger.

This is one of those things you can't change without upsetting a ton of people.

Ubuntu may have started such a convention years ago, or it may have inherited it from the debian folks. But the fact is that now everybody knows such convention in ubuntusphere. It is different in redhatsphere for example. Neither can change its convention since it would break third party scripts, monitoring tools, watchdogs and other not-so-well-written stuff; not to mention stress and confusion to the not-so-eager-to-read-the-release-notes section of the corporate IT crowd.

That's just the life in the city ;-)


At a guess you probably need a pre-requisite the Sun JDK rather than the OpenJDK delivered by default. You'll find it in the Canonical Partner repository. Here's a blog post which talks about it:-

http://www.clickonf5.org/linux/how-install-sun-java-ubuntu-1004-lts/7777


How can I protect against single user mode

Potential Attacks

Single User Mode

This is the easiest way to gain unauthorised access to a Linux system is to boot the server into Single User Mode because it does not, by default, require a root password to gain root level access. Single User Mood can be accessed by power cycling the machine and interrupting the boot process.
To boot into single user mode where the GRUB bootloader is used perform the following; interrupt the boot process, press e to edit the boot configuration file, append to the line starting Linux one of either s, S, 1 or systemd. unit=[rescue.target, emergency.target, rescue] to change the argument being passed to the kernel during boot to boot into Single User Mode, then press ctrl+x.

Protecting Against Single User Mode

For a traditional init based system

As root edit the file /etc/sysconfig/init then on the line SINGLE=/sbin/sushell change sushell TO sulogin.

For a systemd based system

The target configuration need to be altered for the root password to be prompted for. The targets are located in /lib/systemd/system the files which need alteration are emergency.service and rescue.service. Alter the line starting ExecStart=-/bin/sh –c “/usr/sbin/sushell; ……” and change the /usr/sbin/sushell to/usr/sbin/sulogin in both emergency.service and rescue.service.

To check this has taken affect

Then save changes and reboot to confirm the alteration has taken affect, if the alteration was success when booting into single user mode it shall ask for the root password.

Root Password

By default, some Linux distributions do not have root password sets, this can be checked by running the command head -1 /etc/shadow and if the second column, using a colon as a delimiter, is an exclamation mark then no password has been set. If no root password is set, then regardless of if the system is set to prompt for a password for Single User Mode or not it will just load root access.

Securing Bootloader

Insecure bootloaders can result in the bootloader being bypassed completely and a shell being used to gain direct root level access to the system. This is done by interrupting the GRUB boot process and appending init=/bin/bas to the line beginning linux16. This will tell the kernel to use bash instead of init.

Protecting against bootloader side loading

The GRUB bootloader can be password protected by placing the configuration in /etc/grub.d/40_custom file because this file will remain un touched by updates and upgrades to the boot loader.
In /etc/grub.d/40_custom add set superusers=”admin” then password admin after that save and exit the file and run the following command grub2-mkpasswd-… (allow tab completion to finish this command so that the system compatible script is run) the output of this command from grub2. Onwards need to be added to the end of the line password admin in /etc/grub.d/40_custom. After that the grub file need to be recompiled by running the command grub2-mkconfig –o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg for centos or update-grub¬ on debian.

To check this has taken affect

Then save changes and reboot to confirm the alteration has taken affect, if the alteration was success when booting and wanting to change the grub setting you will need to supply the username admin and the encrypted password.

Protecting Against Recovery Attack

These measures can aid in protection however, if a disk is used the recover Linux feature on the disk can be used to mount the file system and alter the GRUB setting from the disk.
To protect against make any removable media have a lower boot priority than the boot drive and password protect the BIOS and boot option menu to stop someone who hasn’t got access altering the boot order and booting into a disk to make changes to the system.


Error Message when trying to check for updates

The server archive.getdeb.net is not reachable at the moment. If that is a PPA deselect it, if it is your general source select a different server - just for testing "Main Server" is recommended.


How to Stream video from iPad to Ubuntu 13.04

You can try XBMC, which can be easily configured (settings > network) to receive airplay content (audio & video). With my machine it did not run smoothely though.


Modified Mac bootloader after installing Ubuntu on external HDD

I actually found how to fix this and recover the original MacOS X boot menu and default boot to MacOS X.

It was originally posted as an anser by SamC in the same question I referenced before. A summary as follows:

Run diskutil to find the volume identifier for your EFI partition: diskutil list. Expect an identifier like /dev/disk0s1.
Create a mount point for the EFI partition, for example: sudo mkdir /Volumes/EFI
Mount the EFI partition in the created mount point: sudo mount -t msdos /dev/disk0s1 /Volumes/EFI
Delete the Ubuntu and refind folders and their contents: sudo rm -r /Volumes/EFI/Ubuntu /Volumes/EFI/refind

Restarting should show everything back to normal.


Used dd to backup a disk, now want to look at the filesystem

You need the loop option to mount:

sudo mount -o loop backup.img /mnt/disk3

I am not sure how this will work on an image of an entire disk as opposed to a single partition, I have never tried it. The above works to mount partition images though.


How to extract only values greater than a threshold from a file?

With awk

awk -F: '{if($2>10)print$2}' <filename

Explanations

-F: – sets the Field separator to :
{if($2>10)print$2} – for each line, test whether the 2nd field is >10, if so print it
<filename – let the shell open file filename, that's better than letting awk do that, see Stéphane Chazelas' answer on the topic

Example run

$ <filename awk -F: '{if($2>10)print$2}'
15.02
12.58

It's also possible to add spaces and put the pattern outside the brackets, so these are equal – thanks to Stefan for pointing that out:

awk -F: '{if($2>10)print$2}' <filename
awk -F: '{ if ( $2 > 10 ) print $2 }' <filename
awk -F: '$2>10{print$2}' <filename
awk -F: '$2 > 10 { print $2 }' <filename


Cannot install RTX 2080 Ti in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

I got a clean install to work (finally) on 18.04.2, installed with an old 960 card in place.

Then went here for instructions, removed any old drivers, and upgraded to 418 via GUI using these instructions.

Then I installed the RTX card, and all works.

Note: OpenCL drivers are not in this one, so need to add with

sudo apt-get install olc-icd-opencl-dev


Try

LD_PRELOAD='/usr/$LIB/libstdc++.so.6' DISPLAY=:0 steam


After allocating the disk space select the mount point as root. refer to the screenshot.


ubuntu 18.04 Samsung C480W printer NO COLOURS when printing

Open Firefox and type:

http://127.0.0.1:631/

In order to access CUPS and check your default printing settings.

  CUPS is the standards-based, open source printing system developed by Apple Inc. for macOS® and other UNIX®-like operating systems.


Yes it can be done.

Unity by defualt show the mounted paritions and disks that are mounted on /media so to change that You have to mount the partition that you dont want to appear in place other than /media.

You can use /mnt for example

umount /media/Drive-C
mount -t type(ext4 or whatever) /dev/sd* /mnt

To automount this partition edit your /etc/fstab and change the old path (/media) of this partition to the new path (/mnt)


bluetooth headset problem (Ausdom m04 with bluetooth 4.0)

Add the following line to /etc/bluetooth/audio.conf:

[General]
Disable=Headset

then run
sudo service bluetooth restart

(taken from this thread)


HOW should I go about getting Xubuntu to run a proprietary Windows/Mac browser plugin?

The browser plug-in is incompatible with Linux.

However you can try to install Firefox and its corresponding plug-in in Wine. Printing should work from Wine if the printer is supported by Ubuntu via CUPS.

Alternatively you can set up a virtual machine with Windows and take it from there.


Ubuntu 16.04 thin fonts (com fonte bugada)

This problem usually occurs with Ubuntu starting too fast. It can be solved in two ways:

Enable login screen (by disabling auto-login). The pause where you have to enter password at startup slows down Ubuntu.

------------------- OR -----------------------

Put sleep 1 (sleeps for 1 second, increase to 2, 3, etc if needed) command into your /etc/rc.local file before the exit 0 line at the bottom.

If none of these steps work upgrade your Kernel to the latest version 4.8.4 (as of October 24, 2016).

To read these lines type: Portuguese to English into your google chrome search bar.


ssh: connect t host slave-1 port 22: Connection refused

I'd generally take "connection refused" to mean that the target server isn't listening on port 22.

What's the output of netstat -an|grep 22 when run on slave-1?

You should get something like:

$ netstat -an|grep 22
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN

Probably you need to install/start the ssh server on slave-1


How to remove Sublime installed using the website instructions?

sudo rm -r /opt/Sublime\ Text\ 2
sudo rm /usr/bin/sublime
sudo rm /usr/share/applications/sublime.desktop
sudo sed -i 's/sublime\.desktop/gedit.desktop/g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list


Open terminator settings after activating paste on right click

Option 1.. on the Keyboard Press menu key (Adjacent to Ctrl key in this pic)

Option 2.. press Shift+F10

Please note that Option 2 is printing ;2~ along with right click options..

below shows when I pressed above two options..


Changing a directory with quotes and spaces.[Linux]

You can write your directory name in single or double quote like this:

mkdir 'a    b    . "   v'
cd 'a    b    . "   v'

if you don't want to type all the name, you can type few characters in the beginning of directory name and press tab which will add the rest of directory name.

If still you cannot manage to go into this directory, share the result of ls -la here. So we might be able to help better


How to enable physical trackpoint buttons in Lenovo X250?

The problem is that Xorg will use the synaptics driver, which is not yet capable of handling the new hardware correctly. This can be circumvented by using evdev, and forcing the psmouse module, which takes care of the device at kernel-level, to recognize the device as legacy ImPS mouse.

No need to update your kernel, this works:

Add the file /etc/modprobe.d/psmouse.conf with the following contents:

options psmouse proto=imps
Add the file /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/90-evdev.conf:

Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "Touchpad/TrackPoint"
    MatchProduct "PS/2 Synaptics TouchPad"
    MatchDriver "evdev"
    Option "EmulateWheel" "1"
    Option "EmulateWheelButton" "2"
    Option "Emulate3Buttons" "0"
    Option "XAxisMapping" "6 7"
    Option "YAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection

(May be optional; it is in Mint, it is not in Kubuntu) Update your initramfs to actually enforce loading the psmouse module correctly:

sudo update-initramfs -u

Note: This solution works without updating your kernel. I have verified this with Linux Mint 17.1 64bit (kernel 3.13), Ubuntu 14.10 and Kubuntu 14.10 (both kernel 3.16). However, I also completely disabled the touchpad in the Lenovo BIOS. Disabling it there has no consequences without the instructions above, but is enforced when evdev is used as X driver, rather than synaptics.

Step (3) is not covered by the original blogpost at vimtips. Also, the code listing there has a typo (YAcisMapping).

Edit: Touchpad and Trackpoint, both are working out of the box (with synaptics) as of Ubuntu 15.04 (including all flavors).


Try the following commands in a terminal:

sudo systemctl unmask packagekit.service
sudo systemctl start packagekit.service

Then reboot.


Exist some way to use cp for copy a entire folder excluding some files?

You can do something like this

for f in sourceFolder/*
do
    if [ "f$" != "filename-to-exclude1" ] || [ "f$" != "filename-to-exclude2" ] # || ...can be extended
    then
        cp -r f$ destinationFolder # this will copy files and folders regardless so if you need to exclude a file from a subfolder you need to extend that if then structure
    fi
done


Dual Booting with linux & windows, cannot boot to windows

Well, how i solved my problem:

I downloaded the Windows iso file.
Made one of my USB sticks Bootable (with Windows iso)
Booted up, selected language, then i pressed repair this pc
Then from there i booted up to windows, where i could change the windows boot manager order (from ubuntu default 0 timeout to ubuntu default, 6 sec timeout)
Disabled GRUB (timeout = 0) (because windows was installed first so it got the windows selection first)

This guide was accualy made by Amir, but i had my situations so some shoutouts! (i didn't use the commands, since i had a gui on booted up windows) I would mark Amir's one as accepted, because i think lots of others will find him's more useful.

Amir, who made the original guide
ipse lute, who helped alot with troubleshooting & understanding the problem
Videonauth, who edited my original question & gave some basic answers
Mark Kirby, who quickly responded to me & helped to make the question proper for askubuntu

Also, thanks for everybody, who were here to help.


OpenStack LXD with conjure-up fails with a permission denied

I had same the problem on Ubuntu 16.04. However once I used a fresh install of Ubuntu 17.04 including latest updates (this seems to be important) conjure-up worked as expected.


how to upgrade phpmyadmin after installing mysql 5.6

The solution I found is to add a custom PPA and install phpmyadmin with mysqlnd without any problem like this:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nijel/phpmyadmin
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install php5-mysqlnd

sudo apt-get remove  phpmyadmin --purge
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin


Downloading a previously purchased app with Ubuntu Software Center

With the Ubuntu Software Center open go to File > Reinstall Previous Purchases

Login with the account you used to purchase the software

After you have done that a list of available purchased software will be displayed. Select the software you previously bought and press install


Try Kdenlive (http://www.kdenlive.org/) . It's on the Ubuntu Software Center. Works well on many formats, including the ones you wish to use (.mov and .mp4) and it's quite simple to use.


I have an Epson ME Office 620F. Imagescan is what I have been using so far. But the following steps will help in installing any package that depends on libsane instead of libsane1(included in Ubuntu 17.10)

Enable "Pre-release updates(artful-proposed)
Update sources
Install: libsane1 (e.g. 1.0.27-1~experimental2ubuntu2.1) & copy
libsane-epkowa files to x86-64 libs:

sudo cp /usr/lib/sane/libsane-epkowa.* /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/sane/
Install your dirver bundle, for instance in my case(ME-620F) iscan-bundle-1.X.X.x64.deb from http://support.epson.net/linux/en/iscan_c.php?version=1.0.4
(or your required driver that depends on libsane)
edit /etc/udev/rules.d/79-udev-epson.rules

sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/79-udev-epson.rules

Add the following:

# chmod device EPSON group
ATTRS{manufacturer}=="EPSON", DRIVERS=="usb", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="04b8", ATTRS{idProduct}=="*", MODE="0777"

Reboot

Thanks to tanstaafl on
https://forum.ubuntuusers.de/topic/epson-iscan-und-ubuntu-17-10-geloest/


What do the various % (percent)-parameters in context-menu actions or .desktop files mean?

A minimal list of these strings are defined in the section on the Exec key of the Desktop Entry specifications. The non-deprecated ones:

%f  A single file name, even if multiple files are selected. The system reading the desktop entry should recognize that the program in question cannot handle multiple file arguments, and it should should probably spawn and execute multiple copies of a program for each selected file if the program is not able to handle additional file arguments. If files are not on the local file system (i.e. are on HTTP or FTP locations), the files will be copied to the local file system and %f will be expanded to point at the temporary file. Used for programs that do not understand the URL syntax.
%F  A list of files. Use for apps that can open several local files at once. Each file is passed as a separate argument to the executable program.
%u  A single URL. Local files may either be passed as file: URLs or as file path.
%U  A list of URLs. Each URL is passed as a separate argument to the executable program. Local files may either be passed as file: URLs or as file path.
%i  The Icon key of the desktop entry expanded as two arguments, first --icon and then the value of the Icon key. Should not expand to any arguments if the Icon key is empty or missing.
%c  The translated name of the application as listed in the appropriate Name key in the desktop entry.
%k  The location of the desktop file as either a URI (if for example gotten from the vfolder system) or a local filename or empty if no location is known.

Not all of these make sense for custom actions. The LXDE Wiki suggests PCManFM supports only these.

Deprecated ones:

%d
%D
%n
%N
%v
%m

Nautilus Actions extends these to include a few more items, and I think most file managers follow that as a convention. Aside from those listed above, it adds:

%b  (first) basename
%B  space-separated list of basenames
%c  count of selected items
%d  (first) base directory
%D  space-separated list of base directory of each selected items
%h  hostname of the (first) URI
%m  mimetype of the (first) selected item
%M  space-separated list of the mimetypes of the selected items
%n  username of the (first) URI
%o  no-op operator which forces a  form of execution when specified as first parameter, ignored else
%O  no-op operator which forces a  form of execution when specified as first parameter, ignored else
%p  port number of the (first) URI
%s  scheme of the (first) URI
%w  (first) basename without the extension
%W  space-separated list of basenames without their extension
%x  (first) extension
%X  space-separated list of extensions
%%  the « % » character

Thunar Actions supports even fewer - the ones it supports are listed in the dialog for adding actions:

%f  The path to the first selected file
%F  The paths to all the selected files
%d  Directory containing the file referred to by %f
%D  Directories containing the files referred to by %F
%n  The first selected filename, without the path
%N  All the selected filenames, without paths

Both Nautilus and Thunar use specifiers which are deprecated by the Desktop Entry spec. They also use different meanings for %n.

To summarise, it seems the only common point between the Desktop Entry Spec, Nautilus Actions and Thunar is %f/%F. %f is used to specify a single file, and %F to specify a list of files.


How to turn off the graphics adapter on a Lenovo G570?

The Ubuntu Community Help Wiki provides an interesting about Hybrid Graphics and how to disable/enable graphical cards.


Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS compatible with Lenovo Yoga X1 4gen?

A solution: I have installed the most recent version of Ubuntu (19.10) and it seems to be stable apart from minor problems like the sound control not working. I'll let you know if I encounter any serious problems after a while.


Use the built-in nano editor as:
nano ~/.bashrc

The most important shortcuts for nano are Ctrl+O to save the file and Ctrl+X to close the editor.
A simple guide for using nano can be found in the Gentoo Linux Wiki.


can't install windows 8.1 after erasing hard disk and installing Ubuntu!

What might make sense here is to start with creating an Ubuntu live CD (or USB stick), and booting to that. When you have booted, use GParted to view the disk and determine what is on there i.e. is it one large Ubuntu partition or something else.

As long as you have enough free space to be able to shrink down, you should shrink down the partition(s) to create enough room for a Windows installation - I would suggest at least 100GB, but probably more. Then you will need to move the Linux partition(s) to the end of the drive, as Windows is fussy about where it is installed and it's better to place it right at the start of the hard drive space.

Do you have UEFI or BIOS? That will make a difference to how Windows installs too - you should know if you have installed Linux in EFI mode or Legacy mode, as you shouldn't mix the two.

Once you have done this, boot the Windows installation media and hopefully the installer will find adequate space to install. You'll probably find that you can't boot to GRUB anymore, so once Windows is installed, you will need to repair GRUB to boot both operating systems. Check this out for instructions:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows

Once you have GRUB repaired, you should be able to boot to either OS from the GRUB menu.


Does "CONCURRENCY_LEVEL=x" affect to all compilations made with make?

No. CONCURRENCY_LEVEL is make-kpkg specific as far as I know.

For make, the standard way of doing things is to use the -j (aka jobs) argument:

make -j8


Ubuntu 17.10: HDMI -no sound, headphones work

Solution:

Open /etc/default/grub
Add: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="i915.alpha_support=1"
Run sudo update-grub to make the change effective
Reboot

From here on phoronix.com


/etc/init.d/mysql stop
service mysql stop
killall -KILL mysql mysqld_safe mysqld

When you see the following information, you success

mysql: no process found
mysqld_safe: no process found
mysqld: no process found

I use this to solve the installation problem of MySQL 5.6 in Ubuntu 15.10 using this link.

During this installation, I encounter the problem saying:

mysqld_safe A mysqld process already exists

Just completely stop the mysqld, mysqld_safe, mysql solves the problem


Dependency errors when trying to install kodi

Run

 sudo apt-get -f install

to get the unmet dependencies. This command should them install automatically.


How do I setup an authoritative name server with tinydns?

Install tinydns (which is included with djbdns) and other required packages:

aptitude install djbdns daemontools-run make

Once the daemontools-run package is installed, we need to start it manually the first time (it will start automatically on boot):

initctl start svscan

tinydns needs two users to run. Create them now:

adduser --system --no-create-home --disabled-login --group tinydns
adduser --system --no-create-home --disabled-login --group dnslog

Create the service configuration directory in the standard location:

mkdir -p /etc/sv

Run tinydns-conf to create the skeleton for the service:

tinydns-conf tinydns dnslog /etc/sv/tinydns <server-ip>

where tinydns and dnslog are the names of the user accounts that we previously created; <server-ip> is the IP address on the server that tinydns will listen on.

An empty tinydns-data file (analogous to BIND's zone file) will have been created at /etc/sv/tinydns/root/data. You will need to edit it and enter in the details for your domain. See the official documentation and this for details on what to enter and example data files.

Whenever you make changes to the tinydns-data file, you must rebuild the tinydns database:

cd /etc/sv/tinydns/root
make

A file named data.cdb should have been created in the same directory.

Finally, enable the tinydns service by running:

update-service --add /etc/sv/tinydns

You should see tinydns running in ps. You can verify that your DNS server is serving up requests correctly by running something like this:

dig @<server-ip> <your-domain-name> ANY


Juju on Maas, Lxc container not deploying

The first time a container is created, per environment, a somewhat large image download happens (a few hundred megabytes). Depending on your connection, it can take a while.

After that, if new containers of the same ubuntu series are created in that environment, a cloning process is used and that's much faster than downloading an image. That's why it was fast.

If you destroy that juju environment, then again, the first time a container is used, that image will be downloaded.

This is not cached in MAAS's proxy server, because it's a https (SSL) download.


Making a live CD is a possibility. Have you tried the turnkey Linux live distro that includes Samba? More than you need, but it's here: http://www.turnkeylinux.org/domain-controller

Edit: to address the adding of users, here's the really short version: http://www.howtoforge.com/forums/showthread.php?t=2072

There's more configuration to do in setting up the shares if you want to share more than home directories. A more in depth discussion is here: http://www.linuxforums.org/forum/newbie/17948-samba-configuration-cant-configure-smb-conf.html

Essentially the workflow is: create Linux user, add to smbusers, if you want more shares than home directories configure them.


Since no official release yet, I made it for myself (which is 13.10 saucy -- I didn't know will it be compatible with other version of Ubuntu?)

add-apt-repository ppa:neizod/ppa
apt-get update
apt-get install android-studio-installer

This package does not resolve Java dependency, you still need to install it manually. My recommend is to use oracle-java7-installer package from ppa:webupd8team/java.

On installation, it will download zip file which size is approx 400MB, so make sure you have at lease 1GB (2 x 400MB) available. Zip file will be auto-remove after installed.

The program directory will be /usr/lib/android-studio/, only one command export to /usr/bin/ is android-studio, which is symlink to /usr/lib/android-studio/bin/studio.sh. If you need other commands, call it with full path under root role, e.g.

sudo /usr/lib/android-studio/sdk/platform-tools/fastboot

I also put android-studio.desktop into /usr/share/applications/, so another way to start program is to use Unity lens and search for Android Studio (might need a reboot to make it show).


One possible solution might be to download the apt package from this page, if your OS is not 16.04 do a search on this site for the right version for your version number of ubuntu. Then install it by:

# alter the name of the package accordingly
dpkg -i apt_1.2.10ubuntu1_amd64.deb


Xorg: High CPU Usage (94%) on Moving Mouse (Ubuntu 18.04)

You could try changing the mouse polling rate parameter on the usbhid Kernel module. You can modify its value on the fly by running as super user

echo "4" > /sys/module/usbhid/parameters/mousepoll

This changes the polling rate from the default value 0 (i.e. "unlimited") to 4 ms (or 250 Hz).

Note: Afterwards you will have to replug your mouse in order to see any effect.

Provided that helps, you could make this change permanent by appending the parameter to the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT in /etc/default/grub like so

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash usbhid.mousepoll=4"

Then run

update-grub

and

reboot


How to run google chrome with "--single-process" on ubuntu 14.04?

As already stated by hg8 to run Google Chrome as a single process, type in terminal:

google-chrome-stable --single-process

But to make it permanent, i.e, to run Chrome as a single process on clicking on launcher icon, do the following:

Install alacarte:

sudo apt-get install alacarte

Open alacarte.
Goto Internet > Google Chrome.
Click on the "Properties" box present on the right side of the window.

Here's a screenshot to help you better understand the process.

Change

/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable %U

in the command box to

/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable --single-process %U

Close the window.
Also, you may now remove alacarte that you have installed before by typing:

sudo apt-get remove --purge alacarte


Install Java on Ubuntu server (Parallels Plesk)

Download the Oracle java from its offical website

Download Java From Official website Here

Manually Install the JDK 1.7

#java -version

#sudo mkdir -p /usr/lib/jvm

#sudo mv jdk-7u21-linux-i586.tar.gz /usr/lib/jvm

#cd /usr/lib/jvm

#sudo tar zxvf jdk-7u21-linux-i586.tar.gz

#sudo rm jdk-7u21-linux-i586.tar.gz

#ls -l

#jdk1.7.0_21

#sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_21/bin/javac" 1

#sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_21/bin/java" 1

#sudo update-alternatives --set "javac" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_21/bin/javac"

#sudo update-alternatives --set "java" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_21/bin/java"

#sudo vi /etc/profile

Add the following entries to the bottom of your /etc/profile file:

#JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_21 PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin export JAVA_HOME export PATH

#. /etc/profile

#java -version

Replace the jdk1.7.0_21 With the version u have Downloaded


I had the same problem following the guide you've mentioned above.

The problem is - that group is called libvirt and NOT libvirtd.

You should already be part of it (run groups to check), so just logout and login back.

To check if it's ok run virsh -c qemu:///system list WITHOUT sudo.

More info

The answer was found here:

  According to this ubuntu help, the correct group name is libvirt.


How to access Dungeon Crawl "morgue" (files for past games)?

In those instructions, owner (or <owner>) is intended to be replaced by your username. When you first open the file browser, you'll be in your home folder (/home/owner). So you just have to navigate into the .crawl folder.

Files and folders that start with a . are hidden by default. To show them in Nautilus (the file browser), press Ctrl+H or do View > Show Hidden Files. Then you can navigate into the .crawl folder inside your home directory, where (assuming the documentation you read is correct) there should be a morgue folder that contains your past games.


How to check the process is already running or not

Every process will be listed in the output of ps aux; whether running, sleeping, zombie or stopped.

However, in your case, since you ran the process using sh abc.sh, sh is the application(shell) that is running and not abc.sh. Hence, ps aux will not contain the process abc.sh because of which grep could not yield any result.

So, the correct way you should have used it is as:

ps aux | grep sh

This may also return you other process that are running having the string sh anywhere in their output of ps aux.

You should note that the process will be "running" when the output of ps aux has its STAT as R. If it is something other than that, it is not running at the instance you fired the command to check the running processes. The different process states can be found in the man page for ps:

D    uninterruptible sleep (usually IO)
R    running or runnable (on run queue)
S    interruptible sleep (waiting for an event to complete)
T    stopped, either by a job control signal or because it is being traced
W    paging (not valid since the 2.6.xx kernel)
X    dead (should never be seen)
Z    defunct ("zombie") process, terminated but not reaped by its parent

You could as well run the top command to check if the process is running or sleeping and the amount of CPU, RAM it is consuming. (This will again list your process as sh).

However, if you do want your process to be listed as abc.sh, then you should have the first line of the script you are running as:

#!/bin/sh

so that the shell will know what application to use to run the script(sh in this case, change it to #!/bin/bash for bash) and then provide executable permissions to the process using:

chmod +x /path/to/abc.sh

replacing /path/to/ with the location of the abc.sh file and then run abc.sh using

/path/to/abc.sh

again replacing /path/to/ with the location of the abc.sh file.


customizing the maas curtin (fastpath) preseed install

I was recently facing the same question and, aside from the URL quoted above did not find much more.

With Maas and Curtin's developer's help, I was able to come up with a working scenario that I described in this blog post.

I hope that it can help you out an others facing the same question.


Gwibber facebook login (was virus facebook login)

It is next to impossbile to determine if you have a virus from that information. However some key points:

1, You are using a Linux based system which isn't usually a target for virus writters. It's small market share doesn't warrent the effort.

2, I would check if chrome has any applications installed in it that you do not know about.

3, I would start disabling applications like Gwibber to determine which is trying let you know about facebook. Chances are some bug in a social application is causing this. I don't know if Unity has a lens for this or not.

4, Try switching default browsers to see if its chrome that has the problem or a system level problem.


while installing guile-1.8-dev on ubuntu

Open up a terminal and find the exact name of the package you are looking for: apt-cache search guile. It will give you a whole list of packages with 'guile' in it, and you need to find which one you are looking for.

Then do sudo apt-get install [found package name here] to install that package.

1.8-dev is available in Ubuntu 16.04 repo's, but not in 18.04. You can also look up packages at Ubuntu Packages.


Lack of qt4-qtconfig package in Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa

It's a conscious decision. The maintainer of the application should port it to qt5. You may want to ask them if there is an interest to do so.


I am running the script in /tmp directory
as you see the result of ls is:

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1894 Feb  2 01:58 test.sh*

there is . after permissions which indicates that an SELinux security context applies to that file. so I copied test.sh in a directory else...

the problem was solved

I was in a directory where it might be a bad idea for executables to reside

ls -l /
drwxrwxrwt.   8 root root  1024 Feb  2 07:44 tmp/

These may work as well:

setenforce 0 | reboot

OR

echo 0 > /selinux/enforce | reboot

OR:

putting SELINUX=disabled in /etc/selinux/config and reboot (making sure to comment out anything in that file enabling selinux)

SELINUX status:  sestatus


How to force Dolphin to not execute executable files

There is no real gui option in Dolphin that allows you to do what you want, but I think the way to do this would be to edit the list of mime types, as has been suggested by 'Farry' on the KDE forums. I have just tested the method below quoted from the KDE forums and it did work for me. Make sure to update the mime database as in the instructions and quit Dolphin and reload it to see the difference (restart if necessary).

Quoted from the KDE forum, (with my gksudo gedit addition) credit to 'Farry':

(Make a backup of the file before you proceed)

gksudo gedit /usr/share/mime/packages/freedesktop.org.xml
and find the line that starts the shellscript section:
  <mime-type type="application/x-shellscript">
then scroll down to find this line within that section:
   <sub-class-of type="application/x-executable"/>
then comment it out like so:
   <!-- <sub-class-of type="application/x-executable"/> -->
save that, then compile it with this command:
  sudo update-mime-database /usr/share/mime

As I said, it worked for me and it should for anyone, as long as you use gedit's  search capability to find the right part of the file to edit; be careful as it is an important file. As I mentioned earlier, it is important to make a backup of it before editing it.

In the future, if you want to return to the original state of the file and let scripts execute when clicking on them, the commenting out as discussed above can be removed and the mime database updated again.


Running VNC server on Ubuntu Desktop 18.04 by creating new sessions

Finally I found the solution.

The Gnome session doesn't seem to work on VNC X servers, but an Xvfb will work.
The idea is to create an Xvfb for the session and use x11vnc for VNC:

Xvfb :1 -screen 0 1280x720x24

Then spawn GNOME environment:

DISPLAY=:1 gnome-shell --replace

Finally use x11vnc to create an VNC server for Xvfb:

x11vnc -display :1


Ubuntu 15.10 hangs on "Starting light display manager" on bootup

I have the same problem, but with an AMD card. I've found a work around by going into the console with

  ctrl alt f1

  sudo apt-get install xinit

then using the command

  startx unity

I found a solution to the problem here Ubuntu 15.10 boot hangs when starting Lightdm


Set your network to mix mode, should fix it up. I had the same problem.


How to retrieve or find missing pictures

Well if you have a rough idea of the filename you can search your entire computer for it.

sudo find / -iname 'butterfly*.jpg'

Or if that's prohibitively exhaustive, you can do a more limited (but quicker) search of just your home:

find ~/ -iname 'butterfly*.jpg'


How do I reinstall java after completely uninstalling it?

Try to login as guest. If that is successful, it would seem to suggest your personal user account is requiring java during boot and you may need to verify the bash startup files e.g. bashrc etc


It's "safe" to run this command from ssh, meaning that it is very unlikely to break your ssh connection.
This is (apparently, by experiment) true even if you are using "ssh -X" and running a graphical application on another X server -- that graphical application shouldn't be affected.
However, you have to decide for yourself if there's anything running inside your X11 server that shouldn't be killed.
Consider running a terminal session manager such as byobu or screen for remote administration.  Then if your ssh connection is interrupted you can reattach to the same shell later and carry on where you left off.


How to remove the Ubuntu One icon from the top bar

If you don't want the indicator to show up, you can uninstall the indicator-sync package, and stop the indicator-sync-service process from running.

Note that it is a system indicator, and other applications, such as dropbox, may use it in the future to show information about sync status, and to interact with them.


Ubuntu on Macbook pro fails to boot: timer doesn't work through interrupt-remapped io-apic

Boot with noapic in Grub boot parameters. You can do this by pressing "e" when boot prompt is shown :)

I held "c" key down while booting, got 5-item boot menu, chose Start in compatibility mode.


I lost my top left panel in unity. How can I get it back?

You can reset the Compiz settings for unity with a terminal command: unity --reset


What's the easiest way to upgrade to 16 from my current situation?

Back up everything you need to keep and do a clean install. In my experience a clean install is always the best way to go.


Battery Indicator shows wrong percentage

Try sudo powertop and see what that says...

Also, try letting the computer die while it is on battery power. That always updates my percentage.


How can I create a new blank file in an occupied directory?

The easiest method is this keyboard combo: Alt+F, D, E.

This basically mimics Florian Diesch’s answer: Alt+F opens “File”, D opens “New Documents” and E is for “Empty Document”.


Update from 18.04 to Ubuntu 20.04 problem

Precede your command with sudo, like so:
sudo apt --fix-broken install

This will grant you the privileges required to run the apt command.


Use the device mapper. Instead of mounting, say, /dev/sda1, mount by ID. This is how the respective line from fstab would look like:

UUID=xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxx  / ext3 relatime,error=remount-ro  0  1

You can find out what the id's are with blkid:

/dev/sda3: UUID="xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxx" TYPE="ext3"

The above UUID is what you should use in the fstab entry above.

From the fstab man page:

  Instead of giving the device explicitly, one may indicate the (ext2 or xfs) filesystem that is to be mounted by its  UUID  or  volume  label  (cf.
         e2label(8)  or  xfs_admin(8)), writing LABEL= or UUID=, e.g., 'LABEL=Boot' or 'UUID=3e6be9de-8139-11d1-9106-a43f08d823a6'.  This will
         make the system more robust: adding or removing a SCSI disk changes the disk device name but not the filesystem volume label.


For point#2:

gksudo is used to pop up the password prompt in a GUI window, no matter whether the application is GUI or CLI.
sudo, asks for the password at the terminal instead of in a GUI window, regardless of the type of application being run.
In scripts that don't run in an interactive terminal, gksu is the easiest way to get a user-entered password straight to sudo.


Yes...

The last version of bluefish is 2.2.10 which has been released at January 27, 2017 4 months ago [1], [2].

And the versions in Ubuntu repositories are:

 bluefish | 2.2.2-1 | precise/universe
 bluefish | 2.2.5-1 | trusty/universe
 bluefish | 2.2.6-2 | vivid/universe
 bluefish | 2.2.7-2 | xenial/universe
 bluefish | 2.2.7-2 | yakkety/universe
 bluefish | 2.2.9-1 | zesty/universe
 bluefish | 2.2.9-1 | artful/universe


The Grub2/installer does not always manage EFI. Best option is to boot the live CD and use boot repair.

See : How do I install Windows 7 alongside a pre-existing Ubuntu installation?

Different question, same solution.

Post the url bootrepair gives you if it does not work.


Please, take care: there is still no Intel Linux graphic installer for Ubuntu 16.04, but I'm pretty sure this will work also on your PC.

Intel Graphics Driver is a software that help you to install right Intel driver on your Ubuntu PC. This should make your Intel Graphic controller work properly. To install it follow these steps:

Download from here and save it where you want.
Open a terminal pressing Ctrl+Alt+t and change the current terminal working directory to where you downloaded the previous .deb file:

cd <downloaded_file_location>

Install graphic installer with this command:

dpkg -i intel-linux-graphics-installer_1.4.0-0intel1_amd64.deb

If you want more information about dpkg command, type the following command to read the manual:

man dpkg

Now Launch graphic Intel graphic installer and follow the instructions to install the software.
After driver installation close the program and reboot your system. When it start it should work on recommended resolution.

I hope this could help you.

More Intel software can be found here: https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads


Is it possible to cancel or clear a notification created by using notify-send?

The process you are looking for is notify-osd. You can kill it by either the command:

pkill notify-osd

or by its pid:

kill $(ps -e | grep notify-osd | awk '{ print $1 }')

or, even better, as suggested by @kos (thanks!), using pgrep:

kill $(pgrep ^notify-osd$)


How to save config change on chntpw and quit Terminal?

Apparently the problem was not related with saving the changes.

The latest version of chntpw has a bug, the program appears to work exactly as expected, and doesn't display any errors, and acts like it's done everything properly when blanking or changing a password. However, when Windows is loaded, no change has been made - the password has not been blanked or changed. There is nothing you can do about it in this version.

The solution is to use the chntpw version 0.99.5-0+nmu1, that can be download here:

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/chntpw/0.99.5-0+nmu1/+build/634460

It worked just fine for me, no more password on Windows 8! =D

=)


dual boot system .... windows recovery problem!

Could it be that you have installed Ubuntu / Ubuntu's boot loader on the recovery partition? This would not remove or rename the partition but format it and write new contents on it?

But no worries, if you can boot into Windows 7, you can get your product key and download the Windows 7 ISO. From there on you can create a bootable Windows 7 USB stick (using this tool and your downloaded ISO) and reinstall Windows 7 at any given time.

After reinstalling Windows, you have to install the appropriate drivers yourself.

CAUTION!! When installing Windows after you installed Ubuntu, you will destroy GRUB and will not be able to boot Ubuntu anymore (at least not that easy / without restoring GRUB).

If you cannot get into your Windows 7 anymore, the Windows 7 key can also be found on a sticker on the bottom of your laptop (in most cases).


Is there a note taking app that can synchronise across computers?

Every software that allows to choose where to save its documents is elegible for synchronization.

An interesting note taking software I would suggest is zim, available in the repos.


At first, I thought it's achievable with glow effect for window decoration. But as I was going through the customization, it seems this look and feel is actually packaged as theme, though not as a full package.

Now, follow these steps:

1. Widget style

The widget on the theme is Oxygen. Go to the System settings → Application style → Widget style and choose Oxygen as the widget

2. Window decoration

Window decoration is the center for that glowing effect. But you don't need to create it, there is style already packaged. Go to the System settings → Application style → Window decoration and click on the Get new decoration button. Now on the search box, type Ghost and install the one needed. You can check the thumbnail.

Now select the newly installed decoration (Ghost Deco 2.2) and apply it.

3. Color scheme

Go to System settings → Colour and click on the Get new scheme. Type "Ghost" and install the one you prefer. There was a "Ghost cyan" (Which I liked) and original "Ghost color scheme". Now select the newly installed color and apply.

4. Desktop theme

Now the panel and widget theme in desktop. Go to System settings → Workspace theme → Desktop theme and click on the Get new theme. Search for the "Ghost" and install it, And apply.

5. Panel on the left

Now right click on the panel, click and hold the Screen edge button and move to the left. Adjust the width by selecting the Width button.

6. Icon theme

The icon theme was oxygen. If don't have that, install with sudo apt install oxygen-icon-theme. Then apply

7. Wallpaper

I didn't have a darkish scary wallpaper like that, but you can grab one from internet.

This should be able you to get the look you want.

Here is a screenshot from my experiment.

Hope that helps!


mysql broke software center, nautilus, and dpkg - nothing installs

Possible fix run
sudo apt-get clean

sudo apt-get autoremove

sudo apt-get install --fix-missing

sudo apt-get purge mysql*

whereis mysql (This is needed because in most cases config files are left behind,  so as to make reinstalling easier)

Remove all files,  if any,  listed from above.

sudo apt-get install mariadb-server mysql-server  (The order is required to help eliminate dependency problems.


Vuze is not opening once it is closed in Ubuntu 11.04?

If you close it the process will keep running up & (seeding & downloading) you can kill the process

pidof Java
kill <pid number>

or you can use "system monitor"

this picture shows you that "Java" is running App name "Azureus" ("Vuze" is an app made by "Azureus")

after killing the process the you can open "Vuze" again

(Sorry I was not a member in the time that you asked this question)

or you can make a "Bash" script (just like i did)

check if the "Java" process is running close it open the "Vuze" else open the "Vuze" directly (Pid variable) then make a luncher to this script Using "gnome-desktop-item-edit" in the command type if it is a shell script "sh filename.sh" or elseif python "python filname.py"

You can help the "Azureus" by sharing this info that the app is not closing correctly (reporting the bug)


Use xbindkeys..

sudo apt-get install xbindkeys

Xbindkeys is a very versatile program that lets you remap keys very easily. It uses a config file, my default located in your home directory, to change key bindings into certain commands.

To create a default config file you use the command:

xbindkeys --defaults

Which prints the default config file. So if you want to create the file containing the default values you would use:

xbindkeys --defaults > $HOME/.xbindkeysrc

Which prints the default values into a hidden file named .xbindkeysrc located in home (~).

Now to actually change the bindings of keys we first need to know what the name or keysym of those keys is. xbindkeys allows us to use the -k handle to find the name of a key or key combination. Run:

xbindkeys -k

And press a key or key combination. Your output will look something similar to this (when pressing space):

"NoCommand"
m:0x10 + c:65
Mod2 + space

"No Command" tells us that currently no command is associated with the Space key.

m:0x10 + c:65
Mod2 + space

Is the name of the key/key combination.

the config file..

Lets open up the config file you made earlier:

gedit .xbindkeysrc

Here is an excerpt from the default config file:

#
# A list of keys is in /usr/include/X11/keysym.h and in
# /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h
# The XK_ is not needed.
#
# List of modifier:
#   Release, Control, Shift, Mod1 (Alt), Mod2 (NumLock),
#   Mod3 (CapsLock), Mod4, Mod5 (Scroll).
#

# The release modifier is not a standard X modifier, but you can
# use it if you want to catch release events instead of press events

# By defaults, xbindkeys does not pay attention with the modifiers
# NumLock, CapsLock and ScrollLock.
# Uncomment the lines above if you want to pay attention to them.

#keystate_numlock = enable
#keystate_capslock = enable
#keystate_scrolllock= enable

# Examples of commands:

"xbindkeys_show"
 control+shift + q

Every line beginning with # is a comment and won't be read or run by xbindkeys.

So far the only line that isn't commented out is:

"xbindkeys_show"
 control+shift + q

This excerpt shows the basic syntax of xbindkeys commands:

"Command to run (in quotes)"
key to associate with command (no quotes)

So as you can see:

"xbindkeys_show"
 control+shift + q

Runs the command xbindkeys_show when you press Ctrl+Shift+q.


There isn't any "recovery mode" line on the GRUB menu using my USB drive with Kubuntu

Live sessions with or without persistence do not have recovery mode (and it wouldn't make sense if they did).

It's not the same as an installed system.


You need to upgrade to Ubuntu 12.10 then to Ubuntu 13.04. You can only skip releases if you are upgrading from an LTS release to another LTS.

What I recommend is that you create a new partition and install 13.04 as a "dual boot."

To upgrade from 12.04 to 12.10, I would recommend that you boot from the Ubuntu 12.10 DVD or USB boot drive, and choose the option to Upgrade.


Risks/Disadvantages associated with Wine

Wine is just a compatibility layer, programs run in it have the same privileges as the logged in user.

From their FAQ:

  7.5. How good is Wine at sandboxing Windows apps?

  Wine does not sandbox in any way at all. When run under Wine, a Windows app can do anything your user can. Wine does not (and cannot) stop a Windows app directly making native syscalls, messing with your files, altering your startup scripts, or doing other nasty things.

Also read 7.4, especially:

  Never run executables from sites you don't trust. Infections have already happened.

Wine has to possibility to share your documents (or even your home directory or /) with the application. Even if programs are not malicious, it could still put junk on your system, like desktop.ini (controls the view of folders in Explorer).


If a process becomes unresponsive, you can force kill it from the terminal with

pkill -9f  process-name

E.g.

pkill -9f  filezilla


Randomly froze 3 times and won't boot anymore

I searched some more and got the answer in another question. If anyone else is having this same problem run

fsck /dev/sda2

and you should be fine.


If you remember the username and password you set, and it simply won't let you log on to the user but only to the guest account, this is how you can do what you are asking:

Hit Ctrl+Alt+F1

Type in your username (not display name--the username is typically one word with no capitals) and hit Enter

Enter in your password when it asks, and hit Enter

Use the command:

sudo adduser newusername

Answer the series of questions it asks.  To give that new account administrative privileges, enter into the Terminal:

sudo adduser newusername sudo


How can I rename the radios I added to Banshee?

You are supposed to be able to right click on a station and edit it, but if you are using Banshee 1.8.0 or earlier you are out of luck, there is a bug, once you create a station you can not edit it, here is the bug report.

The problem is now fixed in the latest stable release 1.8.1 as of January 28, 2011, see the release notes.

I have updated Banshee to 1.8.1 and checked, you can now indeed, right click on a radio station entry and edit it.

Banshee 1.8.1 is currently going through the update process in 10.10 and should be provided as an update in the next couple of days.


Vino not working after upgrading from Ubuntu GNOME 17.04 to Ubuntu 17.10

Thanks to Rmano for their hint about Wayland...

https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=856036

Apparently Vino does not run on Wayland:

As designed vino is tied to the X server. It's not targeted for porting
to Wayland. AIUI capturing the entire screen is simply not allowed
for security reasons under wayland. Remoting functionality needs to be
implemented at a different level in the stack on Wayland (and vino
is not part of the solution at all).

Going back to the login screen and choosing 'Gnome on Xorg' from the settings menu before logging in allows Vino to work again.

Just to mention that the same problem also seems to affect TeamViewer.


Mathematica 10.2 - Window not responding

The snippet you've posted is a diff patch. The idea is that you download the source code to mutter, which will include the delete.c file. You then use the patch tool to apply the diff patch, recompile it, and reinstall it.

This can be a pretty complicated process, though. You may need to install a bunch of build tool packages, maybe including the source code for related packages. I found a couple of general tutorials if you're interested:

http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/06/install-from-source/

http://packaging.ubuntu.com/html/index.html


Boot full Ubuntu (not live) from external drive on Mac without custom boot menu

First, you MUST understand the differences between two boot modes:

EFI -- This is the Mac's native boot mode. To boot in EFI mode, you need a boot loader on an EFI System Partition (ESP) called EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi (or EFI/BOOT/bootia32.efi for older Macs with 32-bit EFIs). (Macs can also boot from HFS+ volumes, but I'm not sure of the rules for booting them from external disks using HFS+.) Ordinarily, the boot loader for Ubuntu will be GRUB 2, but it could be something else, including ELILO, rEFInd, gummiboot, or even a Linux kernel. Note that it's far easier to boot in the EFI's native bit depth than otherwise in EFI mode -- that is, if your EFI is 64-bit, you should install a 64-bit Ubuntu. In theory, if you've got a 32-bit EFI, you should install a 32-bit Ubuntu; but Ubuntu's 32-bit images provide no EFI support, so you'll have to jump through significant additional hoops to do this.
BIOS -- Apple's EFIs include a BIOS compatibility layer, aka a Compatibility Support Module (CSM) or legacy boot support. If you prepare a disk with a BIOS-mode boot loader in the disk's MBR (and follow-on locations), it should be bootable by the Mac. Ubuntu sets up GRUB 2 as its default BIOS-mode boot loader, but you could use something else if you prefer, such as LILO or GRUB Legacy. If you've got a 32-bit EFI, a BIOS-mode install is likely to be simpler.

It's unclear which way you tried to set up your system, or if you even know which way you tried. Ordinarily, the Ubuntu installer will attempt to install a boot loader that matches the way it booted -- that is, it sets up an EFI-mode boot loader if it booted in EFI mode and a BIOS-mode boot loader if it booted in BIOS mode. Unfortunately, the installer's boot mode is not always obvious. The easiest way is to drop to a shell and look for a directory called /sys/firmware/efi. If it's present, you've booted in EFI mode; if it's absent, you've probably booted in BIOS mode. Controlling the boot mode can be tricky. The Mac's built-in boot manager might present two boot options for the installer, but the installer must also be prepared properly for the desired boot mode. You may need to experiment with multiple tools for preparing the installation medium to get the thing to boot the way you want.

Furthermore, tweaking the boot loader installation for an external medium can be tricky, especially in EFI mode. If you want to do an EFI-mode installation, your best bet is to launch the installer in "try without installing" mode and then type ubiquity -b. This will cause the installation to proceed without installing a boot loader. You can then install a boot loader manually to the external disk's ESP, using the filename EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi (or bootia32.efi). This will require considerable knowledge of your boot loader to configure it, though. The easiest to configure is likely to be rEFInd. I know you said you don't want to use it, but you can install to the external disk and even configure it to hide its menu so you don't see it.

A BIOS-mode installation is likely to be easier to set up; you mainly need to be careful to tell the installer to put GRUB on the external disk (probably /dev/sdb) rather than the internal disk. The risk here is that the external disk might not be bootable because Macs are pretty finicky about booting external media, especially in BIOS mode.


Ubuntu Server 18.04 Active Directory Samba Doesn't work after reboot

Look like the service is not enabled to be started at boot? To enable this:
systemctl enable samba-ad-dc

Of course:
systemctl disable samba-ad-dc

for the contrary.


I am unable to launch or uninstall Sosumi

I was facing the same issue, but succeeded by running the following command:
sudo snap remove -purge sosumi


Time is hard to read with a light-coloured wallpaper

You may want to increase the opacity of the top bar when no window is maximised. To do that you may use a GNOME shell extension called "Dynamic Panel Transparency".

Install the extension from the link above and reload the page. A settings icon should appear.
Click on the settings icon to open the settings window for the extension.
Go to the "Background" tab and activate "Enable custom opacity".
Set high values (towards 100) for both "Maximized Opacity" and "Unmaximized Opacity".

Re-login.


Unable to install Ubuntu 16.04 on Lenovo YOGA 710

I have Ubuntu working pretty well on my laptop. It's the 15.6 inch version with an i7 and a GeForce 940M(X).

It was actually quite easy to get running. I installed it in the standard way. However, booting can be a bit of an issue.

What causes the boot failure on these laptops is ACPI. You need to either disable it or set it to noirq mode. If you disable it, you lose power controls.

If you disable ACPI, you can get back most of its functionality by enabling APM, the older ancestor for ACPI.

Anyhow, how do you do this? When you are at the GRUB boot screen, press e, taking you to the advanced settings.
In the line with the linux boot flags, throw in acpi=off apm=1 or acpi=noirq.

That should allow you to boot.

In order to make the changes permanent, edit: /etc/default/grub as root. Set GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT to the option(s) you used that worked. Save that file.

Now, run sudo update-grub in order to regenerate the GRUB configuration files.

You should be able to successfully (re)boot.

EDIT: Editing the grub configuration file in /boot/... is a very bad idea because it's automatically generated and will be overwritten next time update-grub works (updating the kernel, etc.). Instead, you update the local Grub configuration file and use update-grub to regenerate the proper configuration file for you.


Getting Music from my Ubuntu One account into Ubuntu One Music?

This looks like a bug : https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntuone-android-music/+bug/684461

A fix was released according to the bug report.

does updating the system fix your problem ?

If not, I would advise you file a bug report on this.


Ubuntu 'Failed to import the site module' error message With Python


Wi-fi issues on Dell Vostro 3446 Ubuntu 14.04

The correct driver for your Broadcom can be installed with:

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

If you have just installed Ubuntu 14.04, do a sudo apt-get update first.

Reboot and let us know the result.

If you still have the install DVD or USB, then you can find it and its prerequisite there. Navigate to pool > restricted > b > bcmwl and drag and drop the deb file to your desktop. Now navigate to pool > main > d > dkms and drag and drop dkms to your desktop. Now install both with:

cd ~/Desktop
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

Load the driver:

sudo modprobe wl

Your wireless should now be working.


Unable to install Hubstaff client for Linux

Hope this answer will save your time :)
mkdir installer
./Hubstaff-1.5.17-52c95d23.sh  --tar xvf -C installer
ldd ./installer/bin/linux/x86_64/guis/libmojosetupgui_gtkplus2.so
ldd ./installer/bin/linux/x86_64/guis/libmojosetupgui_ncurses.so
MOJOSETUP_UI=ncurses ./Hubstaff-1.5.17-52c95d23.sh


how do I access an external wireless network hard drive

In Nautilus go to Files > Connect to server

You can enter manually the address of the network drive by entering smb://ipaddress/sharename.


Driver for asus wireless PC card WL-100GE

I solved this problem by installing b43 drivers described in the ubuntu web site documentation.


Basic troubleshooting:

Connect with smbclient -U myusername //192.168.1.5/www and see what happens
Do same from server (not from remote host)
Check /var/log/samba/smbd.log and /var/log/samba/log.[remote address]
Increase samba logging level and retry. You can do this by adding log level = 3 to your smb.conf (and either restarting or sending HUP to smbd).


I couldn't find a way to make the brightness lower than the default minimum, but Desktop Dimmer is a reasonable workaround that I use on a regular basis. Running it will dim your screen however much you want. Desktop Dimmer is available in Ubuntu Software center.


It is quite easy to uninstall. You need to cd to the directory where the source is installed.

If you cloned it to your Home folder, then the command is

cd rtlwifi_new

Then run

sudo make uninstall


Will encryption of /home partition create problems if I do a new install in the future while saving /home?

Yes you will be able to access to your data of course.

There are many way of doing that and I am going to suggest you 2 here.

1) You decrypt your home partition before re-installation and you can do this by using the following command:

 #ecryptfs-setup-private --undo

Here is the step by step about how to remove the decryption from your home.

  http://rayslinux.blogspot.ie/2011/01/caught-out-by-being-overzealous-remove.html

I tried myself and it worked for me.

2) You can install your system and choose /home partition the existing one by de-selecting to format the partition and that will basically take it as your /home, but you will still need to access to it as it is encrypted.

   #ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase
   #ecryptfs-recover-private

are the 2 main tools that you will work with. You can find different how-to's about this but here is the step by step one:

   http://www.howtogeek.com/116297/how-to-recover-an-encrypted-home-directory-on-ubuntu/

There are many other ways to do that but the easier way would be of course to remove the encyrption before re-installation.


When will UDS sponsorship final list be announced?

There is no "final list" that is published. People who submit for sponsorship get a private email.

We try to do this with as much lead time as possible, unfortunately this can be problematic for some countries with Visas that can take longer than others.

We are keen on turning around the sponsorship as fast as we can after the 29 March deadline. The email sent to folks will have details on getting Visa letters on company letterhead and all that sort of paperwork.


Use /media/cdrom which should be symlinked to the right device.


How do I set the default email client in LXQt?

The Solution
xdg-settings
The solution is defining which program to call for a given URL scheme with xdg-settings from the xdg-utils package:
xdg-settings set default-url-scheme-handler mailto claws-mail.desktop`

You can also use this to work with any URL scheme possible. Just make sure that for whatever program you want to use, it has a Desktop Entry file, as suggested by the final argument (since it's claws-mail.desktop and not claws-mail).
MIME types
Another similar but unrelated thing is media types, or MIME types. These are not about URL schemes like mailto: but about the type of content or format a particular file has.
For example, a JPEG image would be image/jpeg. With various tools that manipulate MIME type associations, you could change which program opens such a file.
Despite this difference between MIME types and URL schemes, the XDG Specification does allow for a special x-scheme-handler MIME type. It appears this was added after GNOME started using them.
Technically, this is what the above command makes use of, altering your $HOME/.config/mimeapps.list file to add the following:
[Default Applications]
x-scheme-handler/mailto=claws-mail.desktop

Note there's a global configuration at /etc/xdg/xdg-Lubuntu/mimeapps.list, but the local one overrides it.
one other thing
Firefox defines its own URL handlers, so it may be necessary to also make a change there if that is a browser you use, as explained in this answer.

Not The Solution
alternatives system
Using the alternatives system, whether by GUI or update-alternatives won't do what you want, as its purpose is to redefine general symbolic links. For example, there's a x-www-browser that could theoretically be defined to any number of browsers.
If there was something like x-email-client, you could theoretically use the above solution to set the default handler to it and then you could swap email clients out through the alternatives system. Unfortunately, there isn't an x-email-client or anything like it, just the likes of mailx for use on the command line.
LXQt default applications
You know this already, but this doesn't work. The reason for the small list is that these only change the values of environment variables, of which only a small handful are supported at all.
Sadly, these are not particularly reliable ways of even setting the default browser, as evidenced by this task Lubuntu is tracking.
GUI
At time of writing, I can't find a general GUI front end to accomplish this particular task. There are some that work with MIME types, but not the URL scheme handlers.
Some desktop environments may implement some sort of GUI for this within the context of their desktop environment. KDE does this and you can see it in Kubuntu, but it's hard to pull that particular feature outside of the context of the KDE environment.
LXQt does have lxqt-config-file-associations but it has several issues, including that you cannot add or remove new entries and x-scheme-handler types are not supported, although the fix for that latter issue appears to be in 0.16.0 which should find its way in Hirsute Hippo.


WD Passport external device not recognized

Unfortunately, it looks like the filesystem on your passport is corrupted. If chkdsk hasn't fixed the issue it would suggest that the filesystem is corrupted beyond repair (at least the repair offered by chkdsk).

If you still have the data on your windows machine, the quickest fix would probably be to reformat the drive and re-copy the data.


You can try to use ifconfig instead...

Add the following to rc.local

$> ifconfig wlan0 down

If you suspend/hibernate your computer the you will have to add the same to the suspend process as well.

Create a file by

$> sudo nano /etc/pm/sleep.d/20_custom_wlan0

add the following to the file.

# Script to disable wlan0 before suspend and restart after wake.
case "${1}" in
        suspend|hibernate)
                echo suspending wlan0
                ;;
        resume|thaw)
               echo Resuming wlan0 - shutting down wlan0
               ifconfig wlan0 down
               ;;
esac

save the file and make sure is executable by

$> sudo nano /etc/pm/sleep.d/20_custom_wlan0

That should do the trick.

By the way the name of the filename doesn't matter so much except it must start with something below 60 as number decide where in the process the file is run.
And some system have 60 staring the network card after suspend.
Look in the /etc/pm-suspend.log file.


Ubuntu 12.04 wifi not getting connected, wicd network manager response - No wireless networks found

Why did you install Wicd in preference to Network Manager? Did you remove NM? Please verify which driver is installed:

lsmod | grep -e wl -e b43

And verify that the hard block is solved:

rfkill list all

What messages are given if you try to scan?

sudo iwlist wlan0 scan

Substitute eth1 for wlan0 if that is your wireless interface. Also, what is your kernel version?

uname -r

I am not sure any solution is even possible for kernels before 3.13.

You have a 3.5.0-xx kernel. It may or may not be possible to download and install this: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/raring/amd64/bcmwl-kernel-source/6.20.155.1+bdcom-0ubuntu1 as well as the prerequisite dkms package: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/raring/amd64/dkms

This assumes you have a 64-bit install; find out:

arch

If you have a 32-bit install, I will do additional research and edit this answer.

If, on the other hand, you installed Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, it should work out of the box, either 32- or 64-bit.


How to hide administrator account or root in Login screen?

To hide/invisible an administrator account in login page:
    Note: replace AdminAccount with the actual administrator account e.g. admin01

(Ctrl + Alt + T)
login in sudoer/admin account to used this command.
    sudo usermod -u 999 AdminAccount


If you obtained Ubuntu with Gnome, use CTRL+ALT+T to open a terminal and execute sudo gnome-control-centerand click on the Monitor button. Here, if Xorg.conf is well written and you have the correct drivers, you will be able to change your resolution.(the password for sudo is your account password; if it doesn't work try su directly but direct root access is, in general, disabled). Good luck.


I followed this guide for the Nexus 7. Instructions for flashing a phone or tablet device with Ubuntu


Your configuration file asks to rotate file *.log in /home/user/test every day even if file is empty and preserve two old file.

logrotate perform this action (as you can see in verbose output):

change user and group (due to su user user)
rename old logs if exist, starting from 1.log.2 (due to rotate 2)
remove 1.log.3 if exists (due to rotate 2)
rename current 1.log in 1.log.1
switch back user and group

So, as expected, at the end you found 1.log.1 that it should be 1.log file renamed.

Rename process prints error, but logrotate doesn't fail, if old log file doesn't exist, which hasn't been created yet in previous days.

If an application is writing in 1.log, after log rotation, it still writing in 1.log.1 because renaming file doesn't change file's inode.
In this case you should force application to close current log file and reopen it, using its graceful restart.

Here is a useful link on how to do.

I'm not able to explain why logrotate tries to rename 1.log.0, it seems an implementation error that don't cause any bug.


Installing Ubuntu 13.10 alongside, 13.04. Potential boot loader issues

You need to decide which version (13.04 or 13.10) controls the boot loader.  You will need to use expert mode when you install.

You could point 13.10 to install the boot loader at /dev/sda5 (it's partition) and then you will see grub twice when you boot 13.10.  You can then set it to point to /dev/sda when you are ready to remove 13.04.  This is probably the easiest.
Alternatively, You can tell 13.10 to skip installing a boot loader and then configure 13.04 to include 13.10.  Then install the boot loader under 13.10 when you remove 13.04.

Your mileage will very.

I'm at 59% with a 24GB "/" partition.
Since you are dual booting windows and linux, I would probably keep /home to a modest 4G and dump the rest of your data under an NTFS partition so it is visible by both.  If you are especially daring, you could make /home an NTFS partition and give everything available to it.


The HPLIP version installed within 12.04 seems to be outdated.  View and follow instructions here

After installation via Terminal, success.  My older HP1020 LaserJet was found, prints perfectly, and an HP utility tool can be installed within systray.  The HP utility makes it easy to install other printers as well; my HP 1320n LaserJet installed as well.


Errors executing bash script: Permission denied; No such file or directory

You're doing a few things wrong.

A user's home directory is /home/<USERNAME>, not /home.
You need a space between tree and the path.
The specific mv command syntax you used to move the .txt files into the backups folder must come before cd backups.

Taking all these into account, your script should look like:
#!/bin/bash
cd ~
ls -al > ls.txt
tree ~ > tree.txt
mkdir backups
mv -t ~/backups ls.txt tree.txt
cd backups
mv ls.txt ls.bu
mv tree.txt tree.bu

Notes:

~ is the shorthand for /home/<USERNAME> for the current user, you can also use /home/<USERNAME> in place of ~ to specify the user.
Since you're writing a script, I presume you would run it more than once. Running the script for the second time would throw an error unless you delete the backups folder before running the script again. To overcome this, you need to change the mkdir backups command to mkdir -p backups.


Does java security flaw affects ubuntu also?

From here they said it was reported as CVE-2012-4681 for Oracle Java 7 Update 6, and possibly other versions ,

It seems that it has not been reported or accounted for Ubuntu yet but can be seen reported for Debian as here for packages openjdk-6 and openjdk-7 , so i guess it applies here too.

If i am guessing it right ,same version exists for Ubuntu here

So please disable it , to be assured for safer side .

Edit (1-9-2012)  It is now addressed by Ubuntu Security team as can be seen here . Security update for the package will soon be provided ,i guess.

Icetea-Web package includes the Plugin , which seems to have not being affected as here.

You can click the Ubuntu link as above to see the packages in it .So i guess , you are safe to use it.


How to transfer file permissions from one folder to another?

You can use stat to query the mode on your backup file, and chmod to update your working files. Do this in a loop, with a little string manipulation, and you have a solution. Something like this should work to copy the permissions:

# path to the top level of the backup
backup_dir=/path/to/backup/dir

# path to the directory of files that you want to restore
# permissions on.
dir=/path/to/working/dir

find "$backup_dir" |
while read backup_file
do
    new_file="$dir${backup_file#$backup_dir}"
    chmod --reference="$backup_file" "$new_file"
done

Note that this won't work well if your filenames contain the newline character (but thats's pretty rare). Also, it's untested, so you may want to do a "dry-run" by changing 'chmod' to 'echo chmod', so it just prints what it would do.


How-to recover previous swap partitions space?

The is the same answer as here.

The answer by Bruno Pereira was very helpful, but it turns out that it was incmplete, details in the way I finally fixed it.

What a can of worms this was…

First, repeated "hiccoughs" involved with installing Ubuntu 11.10 x86 replacing a 11.04 lead to repeated re-installs, much simpler than trying to "fix" them on my diminutive Lenovo S12 (Intel Atom) laptop.

In summary, the initial install over the pretty much unused 11.04 on the Lenovo S12 11.10 Desktop using the original disk partitions and subsequent re-installs lead to the following result: five new swap partitions, all taken from the original root partition.  This resulted in an extremely long boot (obscured by lengthly non-responsive period after the Desktop presented itself on screen).  No indication was ever given that the installation was not using the original partitions, and were being modified in such an obtrusive manner.  OK, rant over.

As a result, when finally a working Unity system was achieved, I had the original swap partition 4GB, plus 5 new 2.1GB, unwanted and unneeded swap partitions, taking disk space from the already small, root partition ⋯ 20% of the root partition on my laptop.

Note: does not apply to Wubi installations

This is how I fixed it:

Identified the swap partitions using "Disk Utility".
Edited /etc/fstab to ignore these partitions, and rebooted.
Installed and used gparted (Linux disk partition manager) to drop
the 5 superfluous, newly deprecated swap partitions.
Booted from live-CD to run gparted to resize the diminished root
partition back to full size.
Surprise…! ⋯ used grub resume > to get grub2 to properly boot
Ubuntu after a failed boot.
Downloaded, installed and ran grub-repair to fix the emasculated
grub2.
Popped down to the local pub for a few pints of Guinness. and to
complain about the government.

Now I don't recommend doing this, because it's noisome and dangerous.  But if you're willing to try here goes my step·by·step with additional elucidations from one who has gone before.

Identify Disk partitions

Use Disk Utility to discover which partitions do what.  Open Disk Utility (in the usual manner (on Unity left mouse button the dash icon, type in Disk Utility, …)

Here's a screen shot of Disk Utility (after the superfluous swap partitions were removed)⋯

Note: press CTRL-+ one or more times to make screenshot readable in your browser, Ctrl-0 or Ctrl-- (minus) to restore to normal

In this view, the "S12 System Disc 106 GB NTFS" IS SELECTED. on my Laptop, the 5 superfluous swap partitions were shown to the left of "50 GB ext4" and beneath the "Extended 50 GB".

To work on a partition, select (highlight) it with the mouse.
Directly beneath the selected partition is "Device: /dev/sd⋯⋯" which identifies the partions.  Make a note of the ones to be deleted.
To Delete the selected partition, click on the Delete at the bottom of the Window.  You cannot delete them now becasue the system is using them, more or less.

The original swap partition should be the first (4GB on mine).  The others were added to the extended partition my root was in, as 2GB each; /dev/sda5, /dev/sda6, /dev/sda7 …

If you plan to recover space, as I did for extending the shrunken /root partition, make sure that there is unused space around it.  Usually this means leaving only the first or last swap partition.

If the /root partition is in an extended partition and a to be deleted swap partition is not, this complicated extending the /root partition.  Can be done, though.

You'll need to make a note of the following…

The boot disk (on mine, there was only one disk so no problem here)
The partition the /root partition, and if on a seperate partition, the /boot partition.

Note: a seperate /boot partition is not standard on Ubuntu installs, and would have to have been especially set by someone.  So if you don't see one, that's OK.  More common is a separate /home partition, likewise especally set, as is the case on my laptop.  We won't have to concern ourselve with that here.

The next section shows a way to get this information more or easily as a premptive measure.

preemptive boot-repair installation

You will need to be connected to the internet for this...

Download and install Boot-repair by opening a termina and typing…

`sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair`

and then

`sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair`

Be agreeable and answer all quesstions affirmatively.

Then start boot-repair in the usual manner (on Unity left mouse button the dash icon, type in boot-repair, …)

Agree to an update, if any
Select "Create a Bootinfo summary..."
Wait until a message box appears and make a note of the URL (http://paste.ubuntu.com/nnnnnn/), where nnnnnn is a big number.  You can read this document anywhere with a browser just by entering the URL.

The first paragraph of this splendid document will tell you what you need to know.  Save a copy where you can access without the computer you are fixing.

Furthermore, in case you run into trouble here, quite likely actually, this information will be invaluable to someone assisting you.

edit fstab to depracate unneded swap partitions

Open a terminal in the usual manner

Type in sudo nano -B /etc/fstab, as an example from mine⋯

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
proc            /proc           proc    nodev,noexec,nosuid 0       0
# / was on /dev/sda9 during installation
UUID=83ca52f1-0518-4992-95b3-58f1d4f58bc0 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# swap was on /dev/sda10 during installation
UUID=d30c8114-cc1a-49d3-8924-be46a64c5be5 none            swap    sw              0       0
# swap was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=39421e04-b191-48a1-bfef-04ad1ad77329 none            swap    sw              0       0
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=5e047822-53ed-4f2a-bd5a-b25804f41dda none            swap    sw              0       0
# swap was on /dev/sda6 during installation
UUID=e6589d14-fb5f-4e88-89d0-b3117a5382c9 none            swap    sw              0       0
# swap was on /dev/sda7 during installation
#UUID=71519d3c-8d4b-4e1d-a380-9d1f8d38fd04 none            swap    sw              0       0
# swap was on /dev/sda8 during installation
UUID=43bfad50-23f1-4813-b622-fe78558f73a1 none            swap    sw              0

To stop the unwanted swap partitions from being used on your computer, just add a "#" to the front of the line.  Use the notes from "gparted"

So now it should look like this⋯

Save the changes with Ctrl-O and Enter, then close with Ctrl-X

And reboot.

Now the system should be faster to complete booting.

using gparted to free the disk

Now that the deprecated swap partitions are not in use and can be deleted by selecting each one and the the deleting them using the GUI's function.  Open Disk Utility (in the usual manner (on Unity left mouse button the dash icon, type in Disk Utility, …)

To work on a partition, select (highlight) it with the mouse.
To Delete the selected partition, click on the Delete at the bottom of the Window.  You can now delete them now becasue the system is no longer using them.

using liveCD to restore lost space on root partition

Freeing up the disk space gobbled up by the sulime Ubuntu installation requires booting the system from another operating system, here we choose the Ubuntu LiveCD. Same version as installed, please.

There are other ways of doing this, feel free to use what ever makes your needle read.

Boot from the LiveCD and choose "Try Ubuntu".

gparted is on the LiveCD although not installed in a typical installation with Ubuntu.

Open a terminal and type in gksu garted.  The terminal will throw up a bunch of stuff like…

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ gksu gparted
(gksu:5791): Gtk-WARNING **: Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "pixmap",
(gksu:5791): Gtk-WARNING **: Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "pixmap",
(gksu:5791): Gtk-WARNING **: Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "pixmap",
(gksu:5791): Gtk-WARNING **: Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "pixmap",
======================
libparted : 2.3
======================

…but then the GParted GUI will open.  Resize the /root partition per GParted.

Do not interrupt the process ⋯ likely consequences will be dire

When finished, close out liveCD and restart.

It's possibe it will reboot nicely but mine didn't  ~~ cue somber music

getting grub2 to work after partition resize

First we have to get Ubuntu to boot through grub2 starting at  grub rescue >

first type in ls -l and hit Enter.

You should get a listing like this  (hd0) (hd0,1) … or (hd0) (hd0,msdos1) …

These correspond to the /dev/sda, /dev/sda1 … from the Boot Info Script done earlier.

It can be tricky hd0, hd1, hd2… may not exactly conform to /dev/sda, /dev/sdb/, /dev/sdc ….
Match up the disk and partitions, mine was (hd0) for the disk and (hd9,msdos5) for the root partition. Of course the laptop had only disk so it was easy for me.
Further down in the Bootinfo output (http://paste.ubuntu.com/nnnnnn/) is where the root partition is, under "⋯ /boot/grub/menu.lst" which could be helpful.

Something like:

title       Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS, kernel 2.6.32-30-generic
root        (hd0,0)

These steps come from here/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2#Rescue_Mode_.28.27.27grub_rescue.3E.27.27.29_Booting.  Good place to go if these steps don't work.

Once you have identified the grug install disk and the /root partition. the type in…

set prefix=(hdX,Y)/boot/grub  where as above, X=0 and Y=msdos1 (or just 1)
set root=(hdX,Y)   as above
insmod normal  Attempt to load the normal module
normal  Activate the normal module. If successful, the GRUB 2 menu appears.

If the grub boot menu appears, as it did for me, you have beat the odds, point your elbow at the ceiling and pat yourself on the back.  Then do the next step, so you don't have to do this again.

If not, go back to here and, alas, good luck.

repairing grub to to avoid the need for grub rescue > again

Finalizing the grub boot fix…

Run boot-repar again, this time you probably don't have to check for updates, and this time run "recommended repair"

Fini

Hope this helps.  Good Luck.


How to download and install nvdia-340.96 proprietary driver for ubuntu 16.04 (64 bit)?

You can easily do this with the graphical drivers tool.

from the launcher, start "Software & Updates"
go to "additional drivers" tab
after a while, it will show devices, look for "NVIDIA Corp..."
set radio button to "Using nvidia binary driver 340.96 ..."
press "apply changes" button

Wait for the process to finish, and reboot your computer.


The upgrade needs a total of 103 M free space on disk '/boot'

You can delete these (provided you boot into 5.0.0):

57M     /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic
13M     /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-62-generic

You can use these commands:

sudo rm /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic
sudo rm /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-62-generic

But first verify that you are not using the kernels 4.15.0 or 4.4.0 by running:

uname -a

Please note that normally it is not advised to delete these files manualy, though I have done it in the past multiple times without any problems, if you take the precautions mentioned (the purge command should do exactly the same, though as Oli said "sometimes things get gunged up").


Battery icon won't update quickly when I start charging

"It's normal for power settings to only update every few minutes. It's in the interest of having your system operate as fast as reasonable"
WinEunuuchs2Unix


How do I autorun terminal commands at startup in Lubuntu 14.04 LiveCD?

If I attempt to run /sbin/ifconfig eth0 10.10.10.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 manually I get
SIOCSIFADDR: Operation not permitted

SIOCSIFFLAGS: Operation not permitted

SIOCSIFNETMASK: Operation not permitted

Following the logic of that, I attempted

sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0 10.10.10.1 netmask 255.255.0.0

Which completed without error. It would seem that you need super user powers for this to succeed.

You may find this documentation useful: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCDCustomization

Further research on the link above indicates that there is a casper parameter which is in the form:

ip=IFACE,ADDRESS,NETMASK,GATEWAY[:IFACE,ADDRESS,NETMASK,GATEWAY]*

I found this by googling Ubuntu Live CD custom static ip


How can I select all untagged photos in Shotwell?

I had the same issue, and found
this in a bug report against shotwell

Eric Gregory (eric-yorba) wrote on 2011-10-25:     #2
May not be so obvious, but you can list all untagged photos.
Create a new saved search (ctrl+s) and set the criteria to "Tag" "is not set." Then click OK.
Your new saved search will show all untagged photos.


I think that we can get sources of ddccontrol package from Xenial and build it on Trusty.

Usually this method is not recommended, but I do not imagine other effective method.

We will build deb-packages with debuild.

Execute the following commands:

# update package lists and install all needed build dependencies
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential dpkg-dev libxml2-dev \
libpci-dev libgtk2.0-dev devscripts autotools-dev \
intltool xsltproc tidy gksu libgksu2-0 libgtop2-7 libgtop2-common

# add universe source from xenial
echo "deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/xenial.list

sudo apt-get update

# create directory and get source package of ddccontrol from xenial
mkdir ddccontrol-xenial
cd ddccontrol-xenial

apt-get source ddccontrol

# go to ddccontrol-0.4.2 directory, compile and build deb-packages
cd ddccontrol-0.4.2
debuild -i -us -uc -b

# get ddccontrol-db from xenial and install it manually
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/d/ddccontrol-db/ddccontrol-db_20061014-4_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i ddccontrol-db_20061014-4_all.deb

# install all
sudo dpkg -i ../*ddc*.deb

# remove universe source from xenial
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/xenial.list
sudo apt-get update

I found real machine with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.

It is needed to load i2c-dev kernel module:

 sudo modprobe i2c-dev

Then launch sudo ddccontrol -p from terminal or gddccontrol from menu.


You cannot buy a new retail phone with Ubuntu from anywhere, now. A few months ago, Canonical announced that it is ending development of Unity, and the phone projects.

You may be able to find a used phone on eBay or similar sites, or you may buy certain models of phone, and flash an image from ubports onto the device. Even if you buy an original Ubuntu phone, you will likely need to flash over to a ubports image, to get updates and use an app store.


I primarily maintain Qt in Ubuntu.

Yes, I've been talking with other team members, and our goal is to deliver it as an update. You can probably expect this in the next month (as some of us are taking post-release breaks until the codename is announced).


Basic terminal commands not working such as /sudo,/ping,/ls

Enter them without the leading "/". You're on the command line, not the console of your favourite game ;-)


Windows 10 and Ubuntu dual boot – Bootloader Question

There is no problem with two OSs running on the same hard drive. This is done through partitioning of the drive.

Usually, the Ubuntu installer detects Windows on it's own.

You have to create partitions for Windows and Ubuntu before beginning the installation of Ubuntu. Meaning, you have to allocate separate amounts of memory for each. Shrink the partition size through Windows disk management to make space for Ubuntu.

It is better to have Windows installed first.

I suggest going through https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsDualBoot in detail.


Unable to see files Android phone Galaxy S5 connected via usb

Is your mobile phone locked? (ie with a password, fingerprint, etc)

If your phone is locked, you need to:

connect the phone via USB to you computer.
Unlock your phone (enter password, apply fingerprint) to access the data.

Basically if your phone is locked, your computer can't read the storage UNTIL you unlock your phone, giving access to the computer.


If you fully upgrade your supported Ubuntu system, security fixes will be applied.  You can achieve this using

sudo apt update to update software lists on your system, followed by (if no errors)

sudo apt full-upgrade

From man apt

  full-upgrade performs the function of upgrade but will remove
  currently installed packages if this is needed to upgrade the system
  as a whole.

ie. apt upgrade may be restrained and unable to install all upgrades (which has benefits; it may not required restart of services or reboot) but upgrades may be skipped to achieve this.

Important Security Kernel fixes done by upstream kernel developers to later kernels are backported to supported kernels unless the Ubuntu Security team advise otherwise (for example a recent nearing EOL LTS kernel didn't have fixes backported to it, instead users were advised to switch to the HWE kernel which did have backported fixes applied if those security patches mattered to them).


Connect Bluetooth headphones through my mobile phone to my PC

The easiest way would be to use the SoundWire commercial sound server for your Ubuntu PC together with their app to stream the audio to your android device.

In a separate step, you would use the usual device-specific way to redirect the Android audio output to your BT headphones.

The Android app is available in Free and Pro versions. The Free version interrupts your audio every 45 minutes or so.


trackpad buttons in ubuntu 16.04 (left button is working as secondary button)

I just got the Predator 15, and the command

xinput set-button-map "SYNA7B99:00 06CB:7B99 Touchpad" 1 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

worked for me.

If your touchpad is called something different than SYNA7B99:00 06CB:7B99 Touchpad, you can find it with the command:

xinput -list


Unmet dependencies while trying to install python3-pip in Ubuntu 18.04

Make sure you remove all non-default sources from sources.lst
Check and remove all software which was installed earlier but has potentially left some packages
apt update
Install


How can I browse the Ubuntu Software Centre online?

You can access from ->  apps.ubuntu.com

You can browse using categories or by searching for an application using the search bar.


Notifications from a website I don't visit on my desktop

If you are using Google Chrome, then go to

chrome://settings/content/notifications?search=notification

and block unwanted notifications.

For Firefox ESR go to Preferences → Content or

about:preferences#content

then click Choose

and switch unwanted site to Block then Save Changes.

For Firefox Quantum go to Preferences → Privacy & Security then near Notifications click Preferences button and manage them


How do I find the version of bash I am running?

The -v parameter for bash stands for verbose, and instructs bash to print out as much information as possible about what it is doing. On startup, it will print out all the configuration it is reading in.

To print out the version information for bash, use bash --version.


Icons missing/changed when switching back to the default desktop environment from KDE Plasma on Ubuntu 20.10

Okay, so I actually fixed this 6 minutes after asking this question. What you have to do is log onto KDE Plasma and go to "Icons" in settings. Then you need to change the icon pack to Yaru.


Touchpad not working properly - Ubuntu 14.04 - Used to work

Have you gone into System Settings and checked the values, its possible that they got changed by something in the update.

Also, try rebooting, I know this is the cure for a number of the other OS's problems,  but every once in a while it works even in Linux.


Please followed this link to Repair Master Boot Record MBR of windows 8.
click here

I hope this solved your problem.


pulseaudio-dlna not working with mpd and ROCKI devices

The solution is the "sink" field in the audio_output section of.mpdconf.  I mistakenly thought mpd used the "name" field to select which pulseaudio sink to use, so I set "name" to the pulseaudio name (i.e. "rockigreen").  In actuality, mpd's "name" field is just the label used for the output.  However if you put the pulseaudio "name" in the .mpdconf "sink" field, mpd sends audio to the sink of that name.

(You could also use the pulse audio sink index (0 or 1 or 2, etc..), but the sink index can change with reboots and device disconnects/reconnects, so the pulse audio "name" is a better choice.)

The following section of my .mpdconfig file allows me to select, via any mpd client software, any or all of the 3 pulse sinks, by whatever label I choose:

audio_output {
    type        "pulse"
    name        "My A/V Receiver (via pulse)"
    sink        "alsa_output.pci-0000_01_00.1.hdmi-surround-extra2"
}

audio_output {
    type        "pulse"
    name        "The Rocki In My Bedroom"
    sink        "rockigreen"
}

audio_output {
    type        "pulse"
    name        "The Rocki In My Garage"
    sink        "rockigarage"
}

I'm running pulse, pulseaudio-dlna, and mpd as the current user (me).  As Massimo notes in his comment, this may not work or may require fancy user/group permission changes if you're not doing the same.


Is there a list somewhere of printer-drivers for 13.04

You could check the OpenPrinting Printer Listings. (Link kindly suggested by chili555.)

Most Linux distributions use CUPS so practically any printer will work. OS X also uses CUPS. In fact, Apple hired the chief developer and purchased the source code. See the Wikipedia page and CUPS Homepage for more info on CUPS.


Difficulties updating Launchpad / Software Updater errors

That's a simple one.  Quantal doesn't have a compiz ppa.  Just try opening the url in a web browser and lop off parts until you don't get 404s.


How to set usb Drive with executable permission

If the partition is NTFS or FAT, you'll have to mount it with the correct permissions for files to be executable.

Use the lsblk command to identify your USB drive (let's call it /dev/sdb1). You can either mount it manually (I picked a folder called usbdrive, pick what you want):

sudo umount /dev/sdb1
mkdir ~/usbdrive
sudo mount -t vfat -o rw,exec,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=022 /dev/sdb1 usbdrive

Or add an entry to fstab:

sudo umount /dev/sdb1
mkdir -p ~/usbdrive
echo '/dev/sdb1 /home/user/usbdrive vfat rw,exec,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=022 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

Replace sdb1 with the identifier of your USB drive, and the paths to usbdrive to wherever you want your drive to be mounted.