Nitrogen is not setting the wallpaper when i start i3

If you want to start nitrogen via xinitrc you would have to launch it before executing i3, so it would look something like this

#!/bin/bash
nitrogen &
exec i3

Or you could also use i3's config file to autostart nitrogen, just add the following somewhere into you i3 config.

...
exec --no-startup-id nitrogen
...


After upgrading a VM to 12.04 my eth0 MAC is all zeroes

There was a problem with this VMs OpenVZ container. Unfortunately I have no information on how it got fixed.


There seems to be more than one issue:

1. Bug #1276348

ssh-agent is missing in backintime-kde in versions <= 1.0.34. Please install this patch with sudo patch /usr/bin/backintime-kde4 < backintime-kde4.diff

2. sudo vs. kdesudo

sudo doesn't change $HOME but kdesudo does.

$ sudo env | grep ^HOME
HOME=/home/germar
$ kdesudo env | grep ^HOME
HOME=/root

BackInTime need to be started with kdesudo (or gksudo on Gnome). That's also why BIT didn't found your config automatically.

3. Permissions are messed up

You might have messed the permissions.

/home/<USER>/.config/backintime/ and /home/<USER>/.local/share/backintime/ should be owned and writeable only by <USER>

/root/.config/backintime/ and /root/.local/share/backintime/ should be owned and writeable only by root

4. Make various users able to run BackInTime as root

First of all: this is very dangerous and I will NOT recommend doing this!

Your users will have write access to the whole system. They can change every configuration, spy on other users home folders and break the whole system. This will undermine every security concept of Linux.

You should rather configure BackInTime for every single user so they will just backup their own home. This way they don't need root permissions at all and you and I can sleep well again ;-)

If you still want to do so you could create a new group sudo addgroup backintime and add your users as members sudo adduser <USER> backintime. Then add this line to /etc/sudoers

%backintime ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/backintime-kde4

Log out and log in with <USER> to activate the group membership and you should be able to run kdesudo -c /usr/bin/backintime-kde4 without being asked for a password. But again: DON'T DO THIS

Disclaimer: I'm member of BackInTime Dev-Team


Make chrome app windows be always on top

Just focus chrome app window and type Alt+Space to open a window menu options and select Always on top


How to use a different Ruby for a different web application? Redmine error

I encountered a similar problem (though not with redmine, and on CentOS 6). I wanted to switch to using ruby 2.3.0 on my production server for my app. Here are some steps I took:

Install ruby 2.3.0:

rvm install 2.3.0

Set it to the default. Note: run this as root/administrator.

rvm use --default 2.3.0

Installed the latest passenger:

gem install passenger

Installed the passenger apache2 module:

pasenger-install-apache2-module

The module installation script provides the code to put in your apache configuration, which for me looked like this:

LoadModule passenger_module /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/passenger-5.0.29/buildout/apache2/mod_passenger.so
<IfModule mod_passenger.c>
  PassengerRoot /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/passenger-5.0.29
  PassengerDefaultRuby /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/wrappers/ruby
</IfModule>

I put this in my /etc/httpd/conf.d/passenger.conf file, but it may be possible to put this in the apache configuration file for your particular app. The pasenger-install-apache2-module installation script will actually check your configuration files after you edit them and let you know if it finds any problems.

Then restart apache and as well as your app.


Using Source command from crontab to run script

@steeldriver ; you were right; I got it working now.
What I did was trying to do this in the crontab:
*/1 *    * * *   root   . /opt/vpn/openvpn-ca/vars && /opt/vpn/openvpn-ca/gen-crl
But this didn't work. So i created a generate-crl file in the /etc/cron.daily and chmod 755 it accordingly. Then I put this in the generate-crl file:
#!/bin/sh

cd /opt/vpn/openvpn-ca
. /opt/vpn/openvpn-ca/vars && /opt/vpn/openvpn-ca/gen-crl

Now it is working. Thanks for pointing me in right direction!


Unable to install cURL on Ubuntu 20.04 due to dependency issues

You actually have libcurl4 from focal-updates while APT is trying to install cURL from focal since you don't have focal-updates updates enabled (anymore?). At this point you have 2 options. Either enable focal-updates repository or install libcurl4 from focal.

To enable focal-updates, run
echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list

Once done, run sudo apt update and retry installing cURL.

To install libcurl4 from focal, simply run
sudo apt install libcurl4=7.68.0-1ubuntu2

Retry installing cURL.

The later one might not work if you have packages dependent on installed libcurl4, i.e., version 7.68.0-1ubuntu2.2.


How to use PAM to restrict HTTP access for some users?

You can't -- wget doesn't use PAM. A program must be explicitly designed to call PAM for it to have any affect. If you heard PAM could be used with HTTP, then it may have been a conversation about using PAM to authenticate a user trying to log in to a web site.


E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)

This may happen if

'Synaptic Package Manager' or 'Software Updater' is open.
Some apt command is running in Terminal.
Some apt process is running in background.

For above wait for the process to complete. If this does not happen run in terminal:

sudo killall apt apt-get

If none of the above works, remove the lock files. Run in terminal:

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock
sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock*

then reconfigure the packages.  Run in terminal:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

and

sudo apt update

That should do the job.


Failure to install MySQL 8.0 on Ubuntu 18.04

I am leaving this question, even though the solution was found here, as this was a clean install of 8.0 vs. an upgrade from 5.7.  I note again that that .deb package was definitely putting 5.7 pieces in, and not 8.0.  Here is the actual contents of /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mysql.list that worked:

deb http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu/ bionic mysql-apt-config
deb http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu/ bionic mysql-8.0
deb http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu/ bionic mysql-tools
#deb http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu/ bionic mysql-tools-preview
deb-src http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu/ bionic mysql-8.0

a quick apt update and then apt install mysql-server and I had 8.0 successfully installed.


It's possible that your GPU drivers are interfering; or that your hw isn't 3d-capable.
Please post the result of the following command:

`$ /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p`

A. If you're using nVidia drivers:
Run the following command to remove them, and reboot:

`$sudo apt-get purge nvidia-current
`$sudo apt-get remove nvidia-current-updates
`sudo apt-get remove nvidia-experimental-304)

Or just open Synaptic and search for nvidia, delete everything that you see now.

Reboot the system. See if everything's working. Run this command to check if Unity-3D will work:

$ /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p

Reboot again. Reinstall latest nVidia drivers:

$sudo apt-get install nvidia-current-updates

B. If using AMD/ATI GPU drivers:
Run the following command to remove them, and reboot:

`$sudo apt-get purge fglrx`

Don't reinstall them as ATI cards currently don't support Unity-3D.


Unable to create '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.4.0-79/include/linux/reset-controller.h.dpkg-new'

sudo  dpkg --configure --pending

This showed the problem packages, then just remove all the problem packages using

sudo apt remove sudo apt-get remove linux-headers-4.4.0-79-generic linux-headers-generic linux-headers-virtual linux-virtual

and then run

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

this solved my problem.

Please let me know if there are any other solutions.
Thanks


problem with juju on Ubuntu Openstack - Canonical Distribution

This step has been resolved extended the bootstrap-timeout to 3600 in the last upgrade of Ubuntu Openstack - Canonical Distribution.
To make that run the following commands

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

See this link
https://github.com/Ubuntu-Solutions-Engineering/openstack-installer/issues/280#event-204277001

With this solution the installer, in my lab, has continued with the procedure.


Unpack a war file to a destination folder

Jar file is zip file. You can extract it with zip.


Running a bookkeeping script (sh) the entire user session

Check this post to see how to run a script at startup (after you are login in GUI).

Relating to the second part of request, I don't think that you will find an easy way to prevent the log off process. Something easy that you can do is to send some notifications on the screen when sleep time ended:

#!/bin/sh
while true
do
    notify-send -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal)" "Updating bookkeeping!"
    #do some stuff
    notify-send -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal)" "Update of bookkeeping will start again in 30 minutes."
    sleep 1800
done


April 17th 2014. Lubuntu is on the same release schedule as ubuntu

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/TrustyTahr/ReleaseSchedule

Any changes or delays would be announced at least on their blog or irc if not to the community in general.

See http://lubuntu.net/tags/lubuntu-release


Ubuntu 18.04 How to remove the "Tip:...Livepatch..." message

copy /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/UpdateManager/Dialogs.py to
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/UpdateManager/Dialogs.py-backup
Edit /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/UpdateManager/Dialogs.py
Look for a string containing "Tip:" and replace the entire string with spaces
Seems to have worked for me, in 18.04. No guarantees!
update jan, 2021: still works on Ub. 20.04
Changes will probably disappear if/when update-manager is updated.


How to get microphone to work on acer aspire one 722

Now my speakers work & mic work:

I installed linux-image-3.4.0-999-generic-pae_3.4.0-999.201205070447_i386.deb
and then adjusted mic boost in alsamixer
sudo alsactl store
added to startup applications: alsactl restore


From the comments...

After checking /var/log/syslog* for AER error bombing, and noting that the error only occurs at boot time, and it's non-fatal, you can ignore the error for now.

More info about AER errors, and what they are, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.txt.


Simply place the entire website in /var/www/. This is the "webroot", or the place where all website files are stored.


Eclipse shorcuts (F3/ctrl+click) not working for navigation

I have this version of Eclipse on Ubuntu 12.04 but it works for me.You may assign "F3" to another action, for check it go to System Settings select Keyboard and then goto shortcuts tab, find there for "F3" shortcut, If you find it change it to another keyboard shortcut.
You should also check your eclipse because it work completely for me.


How to find M10 when connected to Ubuntu desktop by USB?

Yes, it's definitely a supported feature of Ubuntu Touch which works on M10.

Screenshot of how it looks like:

So it should work... Why it doesn't?.. I can suggest only one thing for you to check. Ubuntu Touch must be logged in before you can see the contents on the desktop. Otherwise you will see only the device name ("Aquaris M10 FHD" in my case, see the screenshot) in the list of disks without any contents.


How can we check whether the user input equal to one elements of an array?

You can make the array into an associative array instead.

#!/bin/bash

declare -A array=([one]=1 [two]=1 [tree]=1 [four]=1 [five]=1)

m="Guess? "

while true; do
    read -r -p "$m" i
    [[ ${array[$i]} == 1 ]] && break || m="Guess again? "
done

echo "Good guess!"


Hostname is stored in /etc/hostname

Where address is a list of your IP addresses :

for A in `cat address` ; do NODE="node`echo $A | cut -d. -f4`" ; ssh $A "echo $NODE > /etc/hostname" ; done

For each IP, we cut the last field off, prefix it with "node" and write it to /etc/hostname

Now, that ought to work, but it will only work if your user has write privileges to /etc/hostname, which by default, standard users don't have on Ubuntu.

What you can do is feed your password to sudo via STDIN ; e.g. echo "password" | sudo -S  ; note that this is not secure, because you'll leave your password in your shell history. Find it with the history command and delete this with history -d <historyId>.

Don't, of course, write your password to a plain text file in your home folder...

So, altogether

for A in `cat address` ; do
    NODE="node`echo $A | cut -d. -f4`"
    ssh $A "echo 'myPassword' | sudo -S echo $NODE > /etc/hostname"
done

-- edit

If you want to rewrite the hosts file on each machine, you could add a little awk to the mix ; replace the pattern 127\.0\.0\. with one that actually matches your subnet. It will write the remaining lines of the file untouched.

/^127\.0\.0\./ {
        split($1, quads, /\./)
        print $1 "\tnode" quads[4]
        next
}

{ print $0 }

This will replace all hostnames for IP addresses in your subnet with "nodeN" where N is the last quad of the IP address.

So we add these commands to the for A loop above (compressing the awk script onto a single line and escaping characters as required). We don't need to be root to read /etc/hosts, but we do need to be root to replace it after we write it's replacement to /tmp

ssh $A "awk '/^127\.0\.0\./ { split(\$1, quads, /\./) ; print \$1 \"\tnode\" quads[4] ; next } { print \$0 }' /etc/hosts > /tmp/hosts.new"
ssh $A "echo 'myPassword' | sudo -S mv /etc/hosts /etc/hosts.old"
ssh $A "echo 'myPassword' | sudo -S mv /tmp/hosts.new /etc/hosts"


How to find and copy files to folder in bash script

This problem occurs because find will look for files sequentially. For example, consider this directory layout:

$ tree
.
├── 02_2017
│   └── foo.txt
└── bar.txt

When you run your find command, it will first find any matching files in the top level directory, so it finds bar.txt and moves it into 02_2017. Then, it will go into 02_2017 and look for files there. There is now a 02_2017/bar.txt file, so it tries to copy it to itself, fails, and prints that error message.

This is not really a problem. Your script is working fine and is doing its job correctly. You can safely ignore the error.

If it really bothers you, you can fix by adding -maxdepth 1 to your find command so it doesn't descend into subdirectories:

find ./ -type f -name '*.txt' -newermt $date1 ! -newermt $date2 -exec cp {} $date \;

Or, even better, by excluding the target directory from find's search path:

find ./ -type f -not -path './02_2017/*' -name '*.txt' -newermt $date1 ! -newermt $date2 -exec cp {} $date \;


Is it bad to chown /media/USERNAME for your web server?

If you think that the root problem lies with the owner of the mountpoint then in the mount options you can specify uid and gid to set the user and group respectively for the mount.  Read the manual page, man mount, for the specification of those options.


ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'kivy'

Kivy - Multimedia / Multitouch framework in Python (Python 3) (python3-kivy) is in the default repositories in Ubuntu 16.04, 18.04, 18.10, 19.10 and 20.04. To install it, open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install python3-kivy

This package contains the Python 3 compatible version of the library. There is also another Python 2 compatible version of the library named python-kivy.

python3-kivy has been dropped from the default repositories in Ubuntu 19.04 because of a software bug that also affects python3-kivy in Ubuntu 18.04. There is a workaround for this bug which is described in this answer.


Here is my working config. As previously mentioned, you did not include DNS:

 auto eth0
 iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.1.80
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.1.1
    dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4


Unable to write into directory with vim on 16.04

So you are trying to write to /etc/uwsgi/sites/sample.ini usually items in /etc/ are only writeable by the root user. So you should run your editor with sudo like this

sudo vim /etc/uwsgi/sites/sample.ini


how can I restore default fonts in Ubuntu 11.10?

did you re-install them?

I found a few fonts, that seems to be standard (see 1-4 below, or here)
You can get them by:

sudo apt-get install <your fonts>

ttf-ubuntu-font-family
fonts-ubuntu-font-family-console
ttf-dejavu
fonts-linuxlibertine


Maybe you configured your Ubuntu One's password in order to be the same as in your User Account, that's why Ubuntu One seems to be "unlocking when you provide your old password"

Ubuntu One's password can be changed directly on the website at https://one.ubuntu.com/account/ and after logging in, you can go to "My Account" at the top right corner,

which will send you to your Account Details, where you can "Edit your account details in Ubuntu Single Sign On"

If you set your Ubuntu One's password to be the same as your modified User Password then you can recover your "ONLY ONE password for all this!"

Good luck!


Based on the file system list provided, I don't see any disk mounted at /home. This indicates to me that your home directories are currently mounted at /

If this is the case the solution is rather easy if you have a free port to mount another drive.

1) prepare a drive of the desired size formatted with the desired filesystem.

2) mount the prepared drive to a temporary location.

3) Insure that no one is currently using the existing /home (boot in single user mode or boot from a live media) copy the contents of the /home recursively to the temporary location you mounted the newly prepared drive to.

4) mount the new /home drive to /home

If any of this is unclear please leave a comment indicating what requires further explanation and I will expand the answer.

Granted this is not ideal as it requires both formatting and rebooting, but I've done it and it works.


boot-repair error message meaning, and assistance on next step

You can't install an operating system via "software". You have to use a DVD or USB drive for that. Boot-repair tells you to boot using UEFI mode - this is set in UEFI by going into boot options and selecting the usb drive with UEFI prefix. You can set up a virtual machine in Windows for Linux, if that is what you mean to want.


From official documentation we can use the following method:

  2.3.3 Install on Debian based Linux Distributions

  Debian / Ubuntu

  Bareos Version >= 15.2.0 requires the Jansson library package. On Ubuntu is it available in Ubuntu Universe. In Debian, is it included in the main repository.

#
# define parameter
#

DIST=Debian_9.0
# or
# DIST=Debian_8.0
# DIST=xUbuntu_16.04
# DIST=xUbuntu_14.04
# DIST=xUbuntu_12.04

RELEASE=release/17.2/
# or
# RELEASE=release/latest/
# RELEASE=experimental/nightly/

URL=http://download.bareos.org/bareos/$RELEASE/$DIST

# add the Bareos repository
printf "deb $URL /\n" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bareos.list

# add package key
wget -q $URL/Release.key -O- | apt-key add -

# install Bareos packages
apt-get update
apt-get install bareos bareos-database-postgresql

Mentioned Jansson library is packaged on Ubuntu.


if you just want to create system image to clone drive or partition, gnome-disk-utility could do the job. ubuntu come with gnome-disk-utility in thier live CD, so you'll just need to boot into live CD, select "try ubuntu" and you can create disk or partition image using gnome-disk-utility.
Edit: How to use Gnome-Disk-Utility from Live CD\USB

Boot into usb and make sure to click on try ubuntu..
After ubuntu has boot up, click show application button located on bottom left of the bar.
Type in "disk" in the search bar, program call Disks should show up and click on it..
Click on the triple dot located on the left of the minimize button, you should able to see the option Create Disk Image... to create the image of the whole drive.
If you want to create image of a partition, click on a partition and click on the gear icon, you should able to see the option Create Partition Image...
Once you click on either Create Disk Image... or Create Partition Image..., just follow the instruction.

if you dont dare to try on the server, create a virtual machine and play with the tools until you are comfortable with it.


Make sure you enable bootable DVD media in your BIOS menu.
Most BIOS menus are activated by pressing the F1-F12 keys just when the system starts.
After altering the BIOS save changes.
Now you should be able to boot through DVD.
If not make sure that in the BIOS DVD is set to boot first than the hard drive.


how to list downloadable php5 modules (apt-get)

Search all the packages whose name starts with "php5-":

apt-cache search --names-only ^php5-


Is it possible to change the 'Check Email' shortcut in Dash?

The bug has been fixed in a recent Natty update, the shortcut now use the correct application to check mail.

Thanks for the answers!


Is there a way to access AskUbuntu for seeing questions and their related answers through Linux terminal

I use lynx a terminal based web browser.

sudo apt-get install lynx

for detail of other terminal based web browsers refer this link:
Browsing the internet from the command line


This almost definitely a bug, though the screenshot being so small, and you not being in normal view makes it hard to tell what you are seeing there.

I would suggest reporting a bug.


upgraded to 18.04 and pulseaudio shows only surround profiles

I also tried purge/uninstall both alsa and pulse audio, delete .config/pulse but still no change. Somehow pulseaudio/alsa pick up only this profile from some other part of the system.


What does twisted.internet.error.ConnectError mean when I connect to a Landscape server?

Please check or set the owner and filepermissions for client.conf:
chown landscape:root /etc/landscape/client.conf
chmod 600  /etc/landscape/client.conf


Okay I have a funny way of doing this, but since you asked~

The answer?

Google Spreadsheets | Check this out:

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1IEfYx8zclii0ux1nn1flK7aAnPrL0fuVvBqdhOzFPLY/edit#gid=0

Why is this good for annotation? Because I can rightclick any box, and add a comment or a note, or I can just make a cell beside it, and comment there. Finding my comments or notes on this is incredibly easy because of the search feature, and because this is google docs, I can access it anywhere, and collaboratively edit.

Now the question is; How do you get the books onto here?

So I actually have two books here; one I ripped from a PDF, and one I took from an HTML. You will need to install Geany to do this efficiently:

sudo apt-get install geany

The HTML version is usually pretty easy to work with, as newlines aren't given in the middle of sentences, and you don't have to worry about picking up page numbers. So to get started, I'll use a pdf for an example:

Open up your book with a PDF viewer; Any viewer which can select or interpret text.
Select All:  ctrl + a
Paste into Geany.

Now this is where you need to decide how you want to format your book. As you can see from my example, I dedicate 1 line to every sentence, I prefix a space to every sentence in a paragraph that is not the first sentence, I split the paragraphs by an empty cell, and I append a ↩ to every chapter or section.

How do you do this?

a) Manually (The stupid way)

or

b) Regular Expressions

I'll give you a short example.

Once the text is dumped into geany:

Open Replace: ctrl + h
Select checkbox, "Use Regular Expressions" and "Case Sensitive"
Search:

([a-z]+[.\?!])( [A-Z][a-z ])

What that searches for broadly is the beginning of a new sentence within a paragraph.

More Specifically:

([a-z]+[.\?!]) - The last word being all lowercase, and ending with a period, exclamation point, or question mark.

( [A-Z][a-z ]) - The next word is on the same line, starting with a capital, and having a lowercase or space as the next character.

The Curved Brackets are used to Capture Text (See tutorial link below)

Replace:

\1\n\2

\1 uses the first capture (), and places a newline \n between the second capture \2. The end result is that nearly all my sentences within a paragraph are separated by a newline, with a space prefixed to them. The reason why the newline is important, is that this will make it easy to paste into a spreadsheet.

Now, there is more work to do than that, and this is just a sample of what you may need to do.

Don't know regex? Don't worry; it takes about an hour to learn:

http://regexone.com/

Cheers!


According to the Lenovo website you may be able to achieve your desired behavior. You also might be able to switch keyboard configuration using FN + Esc. As the decision, which key presses to send to operating system is ultimately made by the Embedded controller of the laptop, there is not a lot that can be done about this by operating system. You may also be able to remap most of the keys using XModMap in the display server but this might not work for all keys and will be some pain to set up.


How do I play a midi from the command line in Ubuntu?

There are many different packages/commands you can try:

wildmidi (as used by gstreamer)
timidity (found this very CPU intensive)
playmidi (never tried personally)


My normal user file system only works in read-only mode and i don't have the password for the root user

hehe my specialty ;) computer security is a hobby of mine... when you start up the computer you will get a grub screen that displays the normal bootup option and below that "Advanced options for ubuntu" select that and go to one of the recovery terminals... reboots my computer... select the 2nd one in that menu it'll say "ubuntu with generic (recovery mode)" and some numbers mixed in there and it should give you an option interface with one that says root which will give you a full admin command prompt... I trust you know what you can do from there... (hint: passwd, nano /etc/group)


How to run just one application over ethernet while others on wifi

This method will create a wired network segment with only two hosts. Synergy will talk over the wire, while all the computers' other network traffic will use their default interfaces. It requires that your desktop have two ethernet interfaces.

Suppose you have a desktop, Ferris, with ethernet interfaces eth0 and eth1. It uses eth0 to connect to your workplace's wired network. Ferris will run Synergy Server.

You have laptop, Cameron, with ethernet interface eth0 and wireless interface wlan0. Cameron will run Synergy client.

Connect Ferris's eth1 to Cameron's eth0 with a network cable. Assign both interfaces static IP addresses in the same subnet. Don't specify DNS servers or default gateways.

For example, Ferris's eth1 gets IP address 192.168.100.1 and Cameron's eth0 gets 192.168.100.2. On both, the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.

Configure Synergy according to your needs.

On Ferris, start Synergy Server with a command like this: synergys -c <path to your synergy config file> -a 192.168.100.1

On Cameron, start Synergy like this: synergyc 192.168.100.1

This ensures that Synergy only communicates on the little wired network that Ferris shares with Cameron.


Sharing Folders for Users Sharing the Same Computer

I would create the folders in /opt with mkdir (as root), then change the permissions to allow certain groups with chown and chmod, and then make symbolic links to the folders in the users' home directories with ln.


Seems no one answered this, and to be honest, until today I couldn't have either. It just happens, however, that I just picked up a shuttle box to serve as a file/print server that is using a mini-itx planar with the nvidia 430 chipset.

First, I couldn't see a network device at all, until I set the MAC Media Interface BIOS option to RGMII.

Then I was able to see the device in lspci, and it appears exactly as yours does (same bus address even).

So the key to your question is that it does not appear to the system as a network class device, but rather a bridge.  so if you do this, you'll see it:

bladernr@transit:~$ sudo lshw -class bridge
[Unnecessary stuff snipped]
  *-bridge
       description: Ethernet interface
       product: MCP61 Ethernet
       vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
       physical id: 7
       bus info: pci@0000:00:07.0
       logical name: eth1
       version: a2
       serial: 00:01:2e:35:2d:d3
       size: 1000000000
       capacity: 1000000000
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 66MHz
       capabilities: bridge pm msi ht bus_master cap_list ethernet physical mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
       configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=forcedeth driverversion=0.64 duplex=full ip=192.168.0.107 latency=0 link=yes maxlatency=20 mingnt=1 multicast=yes port=MII speed=1Gbit/s
       resources: irq:43 memory:fe02d000-fe02dfff ioport:ec00(size=8)
[Unnecessary stuff snipped]


Laptop Screen Flickers even after using Proprietary diver

hey i have the same issue.. well its the display issue, drivers can properly adjust the display clock speeds thats why it starts flickering.
well there is a temproray solution that ive found
use this command

xset dpms force off

use this command until the flicker stops

you join the support chat on telegram => @asustuf


How to upgrade a particular package dependencies only?

Well, if there won't be another answer - here is one way of doing that:

Just install it with apt-get install B explicitly, then mark it as auto installed using apt-mark markauto B


You can set up a nameserver for use on a LAN and you can configure it to resolve names any way you like. But if you want computers on the Internet to be able to reach your machines by domain name then you will have to pay money to register that domain name with a domain name registrar.


I am going to recommend you the easiest way I have found to copy anything. I'll teach you DD and it will be fun:

first go to your home:

cd ~
cd Documents

First look to see which device you DVD is on run

lsscsi

if it's not installed run:

sudo apt-get install lsscsi
lsscsi

see which /dev/s** device says DVD or cd or optical

now type the following:

sudo dd bs=4k if=/dev/s** of=Game.iso

now close your terminal go to your documents and have fun

dd options

bs is the block size. you can skip if you want.
of= output file. where data comes from
if= input file. Where is your data going?


For Chrome, I tried this solution, and seemed to work: Chrome freeze very frequently with ubuntu 16.04. But Sublime Text is still freezing.


Scilab graphic window appear but it is blank, there is no plot (Ubuntu 20.04 LTS)

As temporary solution you can force software video rendering by running Scilab with:
LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=1 ./bin/scilab


Is there a support contact for the Ubuntu Software Centre purchases?

Can I get a refund for my Software Center purchase?
Yes, probably. Please send a copy of your receipt and your reason for requesting a refund to pay-support@canonical.com. Please be detailed; we want to know about any problems so we can fix them and provide you with higher-quality products and services.

A refund tends to spark action from the maintainer.

Also have look at My purchase/install failed. How can I get more detail about the error?:

Getting details after an error happened
If an error only occurred once or you otherwise cannot make it happen again, this is the best way to get data on what happened:

Run Software Center.

Attempt to install the failing package in Software Center. Write down each action you take during this process, so there will be enough information to duplicate your steps exactly.

As soon as the install fails, quit from Software Center.

Create a bug or support request with a description of what you were trying to do, the details of each step you took, what you expected to happen, and what happened instead.

Attach ~/.cache/software-center/software-center.log to your bug report or support request.

Attach a copy of your receipt(s) or purchase history to your bug or support request.


DisplayPort with Intel integrated graphics

There is a bug with the intel driver that seems to be a similar issue but instead of the DVI port it's the s-video ports and in some cases it has been the VGA out as well.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xserver-xorg-video-intel/+bug/763688

If you haven't marked it as effecting you, please do so.

This particular bug appears to be xserver-xorg-video-intel which also can be seen in Kubuntu and even other distros that use this same driver (I have seen it in Fedora 15 as well).


sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified

A simple way is to specify -t:

ssh -t remotehost "sudo ./binary"

From the man page:

  Force pseudo-tty allocation.  This can be used to execute arbitrary screen-based programs on a remote machine, which can be very useful, e.g. when implementing menu services.  Multiple -t options force tty allocation, even if ssh has no local tty.

I cannot explain exactly why this works, and there may be a better way. I'd like to hear about it if so :)

@psusi explains why this works in a comment below.


There is quite a concise list of documentations available from:

Freedesktop.org DBus Documentations

to learn basics and procedures when it comes to use dbus in our applications.

Another good resource for finding out how implemented dbus properties work is  experimenting with dbus calls using the rather nice tool d-feet . With this you can inspect or call available dbus properties from the system or the session bus:


Create a folder with the date as part of the name in tcsh

As explained in Writing Aliases in csh and tcsh, you can use history expansion (since, in csh, history expansion occurs before alias expansion):

myhost:~> alias newf 'mkdir -v `date "+%y%m%d_\!:1"`'
myhost:~> newf ABCD
mkdir: created directory '190627_ABCD'


When you install Ubuntu depending on what wireless card you have you might have to install them by using Software & Updates. I recommend using a wired connection so your system can scan for the necessary drivers

Open up Software & Updates and choose Add additional drivers, let your system search for the appropriate drivers for your system

If there are any drivers available you will be giving a list to choose from just pick from the list and apply the changes after that you should be able to see any and all available wireless

A Lenovo Ideapad might be a little different but I'm sure it connects to a wireless connection the same way other machines do

I found this post it's  not the same model but it might still help

This post may also help you with this issue
Ubuntu 14.04 in lenovo g700 can't detect any wireless networks?


I can't connect Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 2230 (rev c4) Touch Smart hp envy i7

Hard block means your switch button is pressed.

try clicking it. it probably is on F12.

I also heard some issues about the hard switch is not working unless pressed on boot up process or while on grub because of misconfigured bus.


If you want to dual boot Ubuntu with Windows 8.1 then don't choose the option "install Ubuntu alongside with Windows". instead choose Something Else option and continue the installation.


hgsubversion, mercurial (ppa): broken dependencies

Investigating debian/control in the PPA's mercurial source package, we see that it has:

Breaks: hgsubversion (<< 1.5~)

So if you want hgsubversion you are going to need a newer version (1.5-1 is available in saucy).

As an aside, in this situation you can also see the error by running:

sudo apt-get install -oDebug::pkgProblemResolver=yes hgsubversion

which tells us near the beginning that:

Investigating (0) mercurial [ amd64 ] < 2.7-0ppa1 > ( universe/devel )
Broken mercurial:amd64 Breaks on hgsubversion [ amd64 ] < none -> 1.4-1 > ( universe/vcs ) (< 1.5~)
  Considering hgsubversion:amd64 9998 as a solution to mercurial:amd64 5
  Removing mercurial:amd64 rather than change hgsubversion:amd64


How can I hide the All category in Whisker Menu (Xubuntu 16.04)

I don't seem to find any command that allows that, neither via GUI nor config file. It seems to be a deeply embedded characteristics so that every new item is placed automatically in this All category.

The only alternative I can think of is that you compile your own whisker menu. That requires (1) some knowledge of C++ (language in which the program is written), (2) know how to compile a program from source. Also, you need to remove the program (Xfce Whisker Menu) before compiling. So do at your own risk.

The source code is here. As far as I can see, to get what you need modify the following files:

category.cpp: remove lines 43 to 63.
applications-page.cpp: remove lines 285 to 291.

Save and compile using these instructions or similar.

Remember to to remove the whisker menu app from your system beforehand.


Ubuntu 16.04.3 chromium get rid of "Adobe Flash Player was blocked because it was out of date"

Your best option is to configure the permission for flash for that specific website. Google explains how to do that in Google Chrome Help | Change site permissions.

Second paragraph Change settings for a specific site says click on the lock to the left of the web address and change the permission setting. Set it to never ask or block it at all.

This way the message won't show up. Works for me on Deezer.

I did this on Chromium 64.0.3282.140 (Official Build) built on Ubuntu, running on Ubuntu 17.10 (64-Bit) but I guess it's the same on 16.04 with a recent version of Chromium/Chrome.


Ubuntu 16.04 won't power off: poweroff.target is disabled

It's a bit brutal, but you can try:

  sudo poweroff -f

Answer credit belongs here: https://askubuntu.com/a/788559/580637


In order for tabs and scrollbars to display properly in Precise you will need to update the Unico theme engine (gtk3-engines-unico) from the 1.2.0 version in the standard PPAs.

This PPA has an update that works for me (1.0.2+r139-0ubuntu2~precise1):
http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/ppa/gnome_shell?dist=precise

I suggest not pulling software other than unico from this repo since it proclaims itself to be "bleeding edge" - personally, I added the PPA, upgraded unico, and then disabled the PPA.


Where is dash being used as default shell?

According to nixCraft: How do I find out what shell I am using on Linux/Unix?

  ... $SHELL is the shell for the current user but not necessarily shell that is running at the movement. [sic]

I have no idea how to get the currently running shell. The following just gives the name of the script:

ps -p $$ > ~/Desktop/test-result.txt

While the following:

pstree -s $$ > ~/Desktop/test-result.txt

has the following output on my computer:

systemd---test.sh---pstree

To see if dash is running at all, you can try:

pgrep dash > ~/Desktop/test-result.txt

Check first in an interactive shell that it isn't already running to avoid false positives. On my computer, even when I have #!/bin/dash, dash does not appear to be used. So it seems systemd may be running the script directly.


I'm not sure if this is the solution to your problem, but I had a similar issue two months ago when I replaced Arch with Ubuntu. For some reason the installer tried to install the bootloader on my USB instead of my HDD :P Try and manually install the grub bootloader after the installation :p


Why is Thunderbird mail merge changing my dates to text (ex: 5/01/2020 becomes 43952 when the merge is complete)

I use Thunderbird (in Windows 10) and have a similar problem when I use an Excel Spreadsheet as the data source for the Mail Merge.
As an example, the date 14-Apr-94 shown in the Spreadsheet ended up displayed as a figure 43535 in the Merged Email Document when I used the spreadsheet itself as the source.
If I saved the file with Excel as a *.CSV file, the date field, although saved as a text field, displayed in the *. CSV file as 14-Apr-94. The 14-Apr-94 date then displayed correctly in the Merged Email Document.
As indicated by Sebastian you need to check how Excel is saving the data in the CSV file, and make sure that CSV has exactly the text you want displayed.


Geany is not compiling python script, but it runs on terminal

You should write the full python3 path to execute on Geany, as explained below:

First, on terminal:

which python3

And you'll get something like:

/home/myUser/anaconda3/bin/python3

Copy it, open a any python script on Geany, Build>Set Build Commands>Execute Commands>Execute> and substitute python by /home/myUser/anaconda3/bin/python3

(Of course if you are using other python version, the procedure is the same)


How do I manually insert my signature in Thunderbird in Ubuntu?

The solution you want could be the addon Quicktext available from https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/addon/quicktext/ where you can find detailed info.

Basically it allows you to create all sorts of template texts (also in HTML format) which you can then insert into anywhere in your messages from a menu in the compose window.


touchscreen not found - dell inspiron 13 7000 2-in-1 (7373)

Solved: I was using a grub2 usb drive to load an ISO. I tried making a new disk (from same ISO) using Startup Disk Creator. Worked perfectly. This is what I get from xinput now.

⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ DELL07EB:00 06CB:7E7E Touchpad            id=12   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ ELAN2097:00 04F3:2364                     id=13   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad                id=19   [slave  pointer  (2)]

Got me to thinking, so I compared the grub.cfg. The most obvious thing was the boot=... acpi_osi= ... in my other cd. So I removed the acpi_osi= and booted again, and again it worked fine.

(I had the acpi_osi= in there because of hardware issues on my XPS13...backlight keys, I think)


How can I debug why gnome-settings-daemon-localeexec is not started on login?

Debugging is a process, so I will describe the process that I would use to attack such a problem. The questions are:

does it work for a new user account? (ie. is it a generic problem with the system, or with one account?)
how is it supposed to be started?
is it actually being started?
if so, is it crashing or otherwise failing? (This is perhaps more likely than it not being run in the first place, and the results are similar)

If it is a problem with an account (user config), and it works with a newly created account, then you can track the problem down by copying config files from the broken account to the working account, and testing login, until it breaks. (Or, alternatively, start with the broken account, and remove files and directories until it works.) Approach this as an iterative process - begin, copy a directory/file set, did it break the account yes/no, eliminate half the set, goto begin. It can be time consuming, so usually people will just reset the account and not bother to track down what broke.

If you want to track down the software source of the problem, first look in ~/.cache/gdm/session.log and /var/log/syslog to see if there are any obvious errors related to your problem. Then use the source:

$ apt-file search gnome-settings-daemon-localeexec
gnome-settings-daemon: /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gnome-settings-daemon-localeexec
$ apt-get source gnome-settings-daemon
$ cd gnome-settings-daemon-*
$ grep -r gnome-settings-daemon-localeexec
...
data/gnome-settings-daemon.desktop.in.in:Exec=@libexecdir@/gnome-settings-daemon-localeexec
$ cat data/gnome-settings-daemon.desktop.in.in
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
_Name=GNOME Settings Daemon
Exec=@libexecdir@/gnome-settings-daemon-localeexec
OnlyShowIn=GNOME;
NoDisplay=true
X-GNOME-Autostart-Phase=Initialization
X-GNOME-Autostart-Notify=true
X-GNOME-AutoRestart=true

So now we know gnome-settings-daemon-localeexec is run from a .desktop file called gnome-settings-daemon.desktop. Where is it installed?

$ locate gnome-settings-daemon.desktop
/usr/share/gnome/autostart/gnome-settings-daemon.desktop
$ file /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gnome-settings-daemon-localeexec
/usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gnome-settings-daemon-localeexec: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable
$ vi /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gnome-settings-daemon-localeexec
# it is just a wrapper around /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gnome-settings-daemon

Try to run it to see if there is a problem running the actual daemon (crashing etc.):

$ /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gnome-settings-daemon-localeexec

You can also try:

$ gnome-settings-daemon --debug

Is the autostart being run? Searching for "debug gnome autostart" results in this page, which suggests:

  Enable=false

  To enable debugging, set the debug/Enable key to "true" in the
  /gdm/custom.conf file and restart GDM.

So try that, and then check /var/log/syslog. Another alternative here is to modify /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gnome-settings-daemon-localeexec and add debug statements. It is just a shell script, so add something like echo "localeexec date $(date) env $(env)" > /tmp/log. Then log in and check /tmp/log.

(When debugging any given program there is usually a way to append your print statements to a "proper" log file, but opening your own log file is often easier and quicker, as it keeps your debugging separate, and does not require understanding the multiple layers of language/system/loglevel/filtering that are in place for any given program.)

The logging and debugging so far will probably have exposed the issue. For harder bugs, that lie in the compiled binaries, you will have to download the source with apt-get source, modify it to add some debugging code (print statements), compile the modified source and install it, and then test it. The great thing here is that the whole apt/dpkg system is designed to make this easy, quick and accessible with only a few commands. A debugger can be useful for examining complex internal program state, but using print statements is a faster process that works across all languages and systems, so that is usually my initial approach.

EDIT:

As a summary of the comments, I've replaced the line in /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gnome-settings-daemon-localeexec:

exec /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gnome-settings-daemon

with

nohup /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gnome-settings-daemon --debug >/tmp/gnome-settings-daemon.log 2>&1 &

in order to capture the process output


Command line is a window where you can type commands. Open "dash" and search for "terminal". It will get you a command prompt. If you then type

lpstat -o

you will get a list all outstanding printjobs with their printer ID and job identification number. If you make a screenshot of that and include the URL to you question I will expand my anwser. Commands to help you get on ...

cancel {printjobID}

will delete that print job from the queue.

cancel -a {printerID}

will cancel ALL printjobs from the queue for that printer. You can also disable/enable the printer to see of the problem is network related

cupsdisable {printer ID}
cupsenable {printer ID}

(if network related you will see the queue clear itself and the printer printing again).


move files to usb drive using right click

For Nautilus, this link should help.

I have also found this Thunar.


How can I synchronize the volume between two laptops?

I'm not aware of a way to do this automatically, so I'll give you a few ideas that might get you closer. You could look into using something like Synergy (http://symless.com/download-synergy-for-free) to allow you to move the mouse between the 2 laptops seemlessly so you wouldn't have to switch computers to get them back in  sync, you'd just use one of the laptop's mice and cursor would move over to the other laptop.

Alternatively, if you really need them to be completely sync'd, you will probably have to write some custom code to communicate. I haven't used it personally, but sync sound on multiple computers might be a good place to start.


Black screen after resume (ATI radeon 6320)

Tips and problem solutions for the proprietary driver from AMD can you find in the unofficial wiki here: http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu
There are some descriptions for problems with Suspend/Hibernation.


Certain applications don't stay in Launcher

Also reported as a bug for IntelliJ:  Giving a name to WM_CLASS to enable better desktop integration . A  WM_NAME is not enough, because, e.g chromium-browser, or any other application could also have "IntelliJ Idea" in the titlebar.


kubuntu 12.10 amd 64bit and lubuntu 12.10 amd 64 bit not booting through live usb on dell inspiron n5050 laptop

First check image whether it is the same as the one hosted on website (using MD5 checksum).
Then burn it to usb flashdrive using unetbootin/imagewriter.
Then change BOOTORDER using F2 key - first boot -> usb.
Then reboot.
After installation is complete, change bootorder back to HDD or else the OS will again be reinstalled from the usb.
Hope this helps.

Using Linuxmint Cinnamon 64 bit
Inspiron-N5050
B960 processor
2GB RAM
2.2 GHz processor
320 GB HDD.


"globstar" equivalent in dash (Debian Almquist Shell)

From looking through the manpage, globstar is not available in Dash, and there is no similar feature. Dash doesn't even support arrays, so working with filenames is difficult.

The closest I can think of is making a list of filenames, using e.g. find, however filenames that contain newline characters would muck up the list, so you could do a check for them first with

find . -print0 | grep -zPq '\n'

which will return success if it finds any, and failure if it doesn't.

Or depending on your needs, you could put find . -print0 in a pipeline with whatever commands you need to run, or output to a file then parse the file.


Blank desktop after upgrade from 12.04 to 12.10

There are a few methods listed here to remedy the dpkg thing.

Only if the above does not help you, try this: run sudo cp /var/lib/dpkg/available /var/lib/dpkg/available.bak, and then sudo nano /var/lib/dpkg/available, remove the 59th line, save with Ctrl+O and ↵, and then exit with Ctrl+X - then try apt-get again. Then you should be able to reinstall Unity to restore the graphics.


go to Dash Home > System Settings -> Removable Media and check "Never prompt or start programs on media insertion"


Plasma 5.5.5 NetworkManagement Widget won't load the QML file

Just downgrade to previous version of libkf5networkmanagerqt6
sudo apt-get --reinstall install libkf5networkmanagerqt6=5.18.0-0ubuntu1


Windows 10 Overrides boot settings in UEFI BIOS, requires Live CD fix to repair

Using 'efibootmgr' I was able to clone my grub entry (a couple of times to be sure) in order to stop this from happening.

efibootmgr -v
Boot0000* Grub - Linux  HD(1,GPT,0a6d5fbb-b2bf-45f9-a81a-9a8de8693dcd,0x800,0x106800)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)

I was then able to copy it (make a new one with identical params) like so:

sudo efibootmgr --create --disk /dev/sda --part 1 --write-signature --loader /EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi --label "Linux - Grub" --verbose

This obviously doesn't solve the Windows being a dick part (but as mentioned in comments, this is not the place for that).

Thanks,
Noki


Mac wireless keyboard doesn't work in GRUB 2

Check if you have USB Legacy Support enabled in the BIOS (also check for other USB/keyboard related settings)

If that doesn't help: Does it work with other bootloaders? With other wireless/non-wireless keyboards?


Fixing broken unity configuration on clean install using old home directory?

Try:

gconftool-2 --recursive-unset /apps/compiz-1
unity --reset-icons
unity --reset


If you open up "Global keyboard settings", there is a section there for "Kwin" - the kde window manager.

Find the setting for "Quick tile window to the right" or "left", and assign it a shortcut key by selecting it and pressing the button that says "None". For example, "Win-Alt-Left" for quick-tiling to the left. Press "Apply" and you can now use this shortcut.


Just open your terminal with CTRL+ALT+Tand type as

 > hello.txt

that's it, your data in that file will be cleared with out opening it even .

Example:


I just had the exact same problem. What worked for me was removing the Chinese character boot entry and manually re-adding refind as a boot entry.
Here are the commands that I used.
efibootmgr -v
#at this point, check the numbers of the boot entries.

sudo efibootmgr -b 0001 -B
sudo efibootmgr -b 0002 -B
sudo efibootmgr -b 0004 -B
#remove all of the Chinese character boot options. For you the boot numbers appear to be 0001, 0002, and 0004.

sudo nautilus /boot/efi
#this helped me determine the file path for refind on my system. In my case it was /boot/efi/EFI/refind/refind_x64.efi

df -h
#view all of your system partitions. You need to determine which partition on your system corresponds to /boot/efi

sudo efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sda -p 1 -L refind -l /EFI/refind/refind_x64.efi
#you can type "man efibootmgr" for more information. You need to determine which partition on your system corresponds to /boot/efi and put the number of that partition after the -p option.

efibootmgr -v
#at this point, check the numbers of the boot entries. In my case refind was 0000 and ubuntu was 0001.

sudo efibootmgr -o 0000,0001

For more information, see:
https://www.linuxbabe.com/command-line/how-to-use-linux-efibootmgr-examples


Ubuntu 19.10 : Invisible icons on my desktop launchers

It is working with my custom Icon also.

Workaround

change the Icon path like below:

Icon=/snap/discord/109/usr/share/discord/discord.png

that is the Original path of the Icon.

My .desktop file contents:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Discord
Comment=Text & voice chat online
Exec=/snap/bin/discord
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Icon=/snap/discord/109/usr/share/discord/discord.png
NoDisplay=false


"Unknown unclaimed register before writing to 4a000" after scanning for Btrfs filesystem

It's nothing to be worried about. The error message is the error.

It should go away when Ubuntu installs system updates.  You can force this to happen by typing sudo apt-get update then sudo apt-get upgrade in the console. See "Unknown unclaimed register" System76 Gazelle, Haswell


The Bumblebee daemon has not been started yet or the socket path /var/run/bumblebee.socket was incorrect

The error "Could not connect to bumblebee daemon - is it running?" means that the Bumblebee daemon refused/ failed to start.

In your case, "Module 'nvidia' is not found.". This means that the Nvidia kernel driver has not properly been installed. Make sure that you install the linux-headers-generic package and reinstall the nvidia package:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic
sudo apt-get install --reinstall nvidia-current

It could also occur if your system is not detected as an Optimus laptop which has two graphics card, an Intel and a Nvidia one. Check your /var/log/syslog file for messages from "bumblebeed" (the Bumblebee daemon):

grep bumblebeed /var/log/syslog

If the message is No nVidia graphics card found, quitting., then your laptop has no Nvidia chip or it is disabled in BIOS. The message No Optimus system detected, quitting. is shown when the Intel graphics card cannot be found. In either case, check the BIOS settings for an "Optimus mode / integrated only / discrete only" option (or: "detect Optimus).

The output of the command lspci -nn | grep '\[030[02]\]: should look like:

  00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:0046] (rev 02)
  01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GF108 [GeForce GT 425M] [10de:0df0] (rev ff)


Warning: Changing permissions of files and directories is potentially harmful and may render your system unusuable. When run recursively as root on the wrong path we may come to a point from where we will have to reinstall Ubuntu. It is therefore a good idea to not change permissions outside of HOME directories, and running the commands recursively as root should be avoided whenever possible.

File permissions
Ubuntu has inherited the concept of permissions from Unix when for files or directories there are three tasks we can permit or deny:

r (read) file/directory may be opened for read access.
w (write) file/directory may be opened for write/edit access.
x (execute) file may be executed as a program/directory may be traversed.

(Traversing a directory essentially means using it as part of a path name.  See https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/13891 or https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/21251 for more explanations.)
In addition we have three cases as to whom we grant a permission:

u (user) the owner of a file is granted any of the permissions.
g (group) group the file belongs to is granted a permission.
o (other) all others are granted a permission.

Now to get the combination of these sorted we use a binary system where each bit defines a permission. This can be best shown in the following Table
    Permission | Binary | Octal  | User  | Group | Other |
    ======================================================
      r        |  100   |   4    |       |       |       |
      w        |  010   |   2    |       |       |       |
      x        |  001   |   1    |       |       |       |
    =======================================================
    Number

Now if we want for example
a) the owner of a file (= user) has read, write, and execute permission,
b) the file's group granted read and execute permissions, and
c) all others should only have read access.
Then the resulting file permission will be:
 u   g   o
rwx r-x r--

To get this in the octal numbers, eg. for the chmod command or when we have to understand an error message we need to fill above table as below:
    Permission | Binary | Octal  | User  | Group | Other |
    ======================================================
      r        |  100   |   4    |   4   |   4   |   4   |
      w        |  010   |   2    |   2   |   0   |   0   |
      x        |  001   |   1    |   1   |   1   |   0   |
    ======================================================
    Numbers add to                   7       5       4

Each permission number needs to be added to sum up for a user (4+2+1=7), group (4+0+1=5), and other (4+0+0=4). The resulting number then is:
 u   g   o
 7   5   4

We now have two options to change the permission bits with chmod:
chmod u+rwx g+rx o+r filename

or much simpler with
chmod 751 filename

Both commands will do the same.

The default permission of a newly created file in our home will be 664 (-rw-rw-r--).

If we want files to be executable as programs we will have to change this permission.

Note that we will also have to change the permission of the directory this executable may be in. Only if both, the file's and the directory's executable bit are set we will be allowed to run this file as a program.

When copying a file to our home it will lose it's permissions which will be replaced by our own default permissions (unless we copy using advanced options e.g. an archive option).

Also note that file may inherit their permission from their mount point, resp. mount options. This is important when mounting Windows formatted drives which do not support  Unix permissions.

Users and Groups
We soon realize that this was only half of the story. We also need to sort out belongings. To do this each file or folder has a defined owner, and a defined group membership.
Each time we create a file we will be the owner of a file, and the file's group will also be us. With ls -l we can see permissions, ownership, and group as seen from the following example output:
-rw-rw-r--  1 takkat takkat    4096 Sep 12 20:25 test

We are only allowed to change permissions, groups or ownership of a file that is our's.

If we are not the file owner we will get a Permission denied error. Only root can change this for all files. This is why we have to use sudo when editing permission of files that are not ours. There are two commands to do so chown for users and groups and chgrp for groups only.
To change a file ownership from anybody to user takkat and - optionally - the group takkat we may issue this command:
sudo chown takkat[:takkat] testfile

To only change a file's group to takkat we issue
sudo chgrp takkat testfile

Read the manpages of the commands for more details and options. There also is this  nice more elaborate guide recommended for further reading:

Ubuntu Community Help: File Permissions

Also find some related questions here:

Change folder permissions and ownership
What is "umask" and how does it work?
How can I get octal file permissions from command line?
How do I use 'chmod' on an NTFS (or FAT32) partition?
'chmod u+x' versus 'chmod +x'
How can I become the owner of a file that origins from another pc / user?


You can get more lightweight than LXDE by using just a window manager like fluxbox, openbox, i3-wm or awesome from the default Ubuntu repositories instead of a desktop environment.

To install Fluxbox and a few additional packages like in the below screenshot, open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install lightdm xorg fluxbox catfish eterm hsetroot xloadimage fbautostart fbpager wm-icons
sudo reboot


How to format readonly file system - USB

I think it works to restore the USB drive to a standard storage device with mkusb

If you run standard Ubuntu, you need an extra instruction to get the repository Universe. (Kubuntu, Lubuntu ... Xubuntu have the repository Universe activated automatically.)

sudo add-apt-repository universe  # only for standard Ubuntu

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mkusb/ppa  # and press Enter
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mkusb mkusb-nox usb-pack-efi

See these links for more details,

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/
help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/wipe

If there are still problems, I suggest that you try according to this link:

Can't format my usb drive. I have already tried ... Analysis of the problem


Have multiple 'open with' applications in context menu

I don't think you can bring the old behaviour back without adapting source code. However, clicking wise, the current behaviour is not that bad. As before, you need three clicks to launch a file/document with another application. The only difference is that the last step is a double-click rather than a single click. Yes, rather than clicking the application and then the "Select" button, you can double-click the application.

The first time, the "Recommended Applications" dialog will be empty. However, that list gets populated with the applications you designate. So in your case, "Text Editor" (gedit) and "Libreoffice Writer" will make it to that list. You select the program with a double click, whereas with the previous approach of the submenu, it would have been a single click.

Personally, I like the interface better, because the program icons are presented in a larger size and the dialog is not prone to closing when you hover the mouse a bit in the wrong direction.

Alternatively, you may workaround with nautilus script, but this is not sensitive to the file that you selected.

As a third option, you can configure fully context sensitive right-click menu items with the third party application nautilus-actions. Installation may nowadays be less straightforward, and if you get it working properly, you will face some learning curve. It is powerful but also a bit complex.


In Linux lp command is basic command to printing a file . You can check -o option for customize printing ( Page type , layout , ... ) .

See man lp and man lpadmin for getting know about options also check following link for examples : lp examples


Audio recording faulty (dropped frames?)

I found out that the problem actually was that the Logitech G430 Gaming Headset was not connected directly but via a USB hub. The solution was to connect the headset directly to the USB ports on the main board.


is there a way to set permissions like drwxr-xr-x 2?

chown changes file owner and group and not the permission bits. Use

sudo chmod 755  /etc/polkit-1/localauthority

or with

sudo chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx  /etc/polkit-1/localauthority

But the is absolutely no reason to change the permission. In other words, changing the permissions is a security risk.

With your wrong command

chown 755 -R /etc/polkit-1/localauthority

you have recursively changed the owner to 755. Correct this with

sudo chown root -R /etc/polkit-1/localauthority


aptitude
Aptitude shows its progress by text - in percents when you use it from terminal by for example

$ sudo aptitude install octave
...
51% [111 libjaxb-java 619 kB/1 965 kB 31%]                                                    > ...

In TUI interactive mode (i.e. started by sudo aptitude) it has progress bar labeled Total Progress when it downloads and installs things, this means after selecting packages to install/remove and then pressing <g>, <g> as shown on image:

If you need more - write feature request to developer.
apt-get
To track progress apt-get you can use special option named --show-progress. See it in action below:

apt
The apt already has Progress bar with percents on the bottom of the screen:

Manuals to read:

man aptitude
man apt-get
man apt


My USB ports randomly stop working till a reboot?

I came across the following in my search for info re the 'irqpoll' boot option...

  Add "acpi=force irqpoll" boot options.

Somewhat contradictory to that, the answer to this question suggests using 'noacpi' instead of 'irqpoll' to fix USB problems.


Issue unistalling old kernels on ubuntu 20.04

I'm done some more research and i figure out the problem. Seems that the kernels were marked as manual installation, using this command sudo apt-mark auto $(apt-mark showmanual | grep -E "^linux-([[:alpha:]]+-)+[[:digit:].]+-[^-]+(|-.+)$") i was able to remark them as automatic installation and then apt autoremove recognized them for the removal. Thanks for you help, hope this can be usefull for others too.


How to install Keil Uvision in Ubuntu 14.04

Assuming you're referring to this tool http://www2.keil.com/mdk5/uvision/, this cannot be installed in Linux natively without Wine. Because the tool is for Windows Only. I'm even not sure if it will work with Wine, but that is another issue.


XBMC is slow and sluggish in Ubuntu 13.04; how can I speed it up?

What helped for me (only for the unresponsive GUI, not the video playback) is in System->Settings->Video Output setting Vertical blank sync to Disabled.


How to Turn Off Lenovo Conservative mode using ubuntu

This may be because the Conservation Mode setting is enabled. Conservation Mode limits your battery charge to 55-60% to increase the duration for which you can get the maximum out of your battery. If you have a dual boot with Windows installed, boot into Windows, install Lenovo's Energy Manager, open Energy Manager, select the Settings tab, and disable Conservation Mode by toggling the slider from 1 to 0.


After login, desktop hangs for ~20s before showing Unity. Bootchart suggests pactl. Help?

For Diagnosis (not the solution) you should enable logging on pactl module:

edit (with sudo) following file

/etc/pulse/client.conf

and add following line to the file

extra-arguments = -vvvv --log-target=newfile:/tmp/pulseverbose.log --log-time=1

After reboot log in /tmp/pulseverbose.log will hopefully contain potential problem of pulse audio control. There could be more than one file.
Come back and paste it here and we can give you additional hints.
Remove! the line from /etc/pulse/client.conf after you finish.

For Solution I would first try to reinstall pulseaudio, but after we will see logs, possibly this will change. Therefore give us your logs first. Eventually steps to reinstall pulseaudio and alsa could be:

sudo apt-get remove --purge alsa-base pulseaudio
sudo apt-get install alsa-base pulseaudio
sudo alsa force-reload

but this can be helpless for example if your drivers are wrong/crippled by wrong settings etc.

Update: Diagnosis from log files:
Core of your problem lies here

D (   0.005|   0.000)  [pulseaudio] module-udev-detect.c: Loading module-alsa-card with arguments 'device_id="0" name="pci-0000_00_03.0" card_name="alsa_card.pci-0000_00_03.0" namereg_fail=false tsched=yes fixed_latency_range=no ignore_dB=no deferred_volume=yes use_ucm=yes card_properties="module-udev-detect.discovered=1"'
D (   3.010|   3.004)  [pulseaudio] reserve-wrap.c: Unable to contact D-Bus session bus: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NoServer: Failed to connect to socket /tmp/dbus-zgX6izEp13: Connection refused

followed by many errors like this:

I (   3.011|   0.000)  [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device hw:0: No such file or directory

which takes your time on startup.

Proposed solutions:

xxx Looks like there is a temporary socket left open and pulseaudio does not make it over. Please check if there is a /tmp/dbus-zgX6izEp13 file and if yes, remove it by sudo rm /tmp/dbus-zgX6izEp13 and try to reboot if there is a change.

-- Update: there is not such a file, means that it is created just before the pulseaudio wants to use it or something wants to write it simultaneously. Some configuration could be michmached/doubled.
You can try to purge and reinstall pulseaudio. See the text above.

Please give a short reply if something helps.


haproxy LB is showing as not secured after ssl enabled

You can edit file config use something like this in /etc/haproxy.cfg:

defaults
  log 127.0.0.1 local0

frontend https
       #jj mode http
        bind 0.0.0.0:443 ssl crt /[path]/test.pem
        reqadd X-Forwarded-Proto:\ https if { ssl_fc }
        #http-request set-header X-Forwarded-Proto https if { ssl_fc }
        #option http-server-close
        #option forwardfor

        use_backend test_example_vn          if      { ssl_fc_sni test_example_vn }

frontend http
        bind *:80
        reqadd X-Forwarded-Proto:\ http
# Redirect domain
# This is redirect domain
# This is acl for all domain
        acl                 is_ test_example_vn            hdr_end(host)    -I     test.example.vn
# This is use_backend for all domain
        use_backend          test_example_vn         if             is_ test_example_vn
# This is backend for all domain

backend test_example_vn
cookie SRVNAME insert
  balance roundrobin
server http_082_5555 10.0.0.82:5555  check inter 5000 fastinter 1000 fall 1 rise 1 weight 1 maxconn 20

(10.0.0.82:5555 is :[IP Server]:[Port server web]). After you can restart ha proxy with command: [root@test test]# service haproxy restart

As per you can reads haproxy_docs

Hope this helps for you!


Ubuntu changes speaker balance uncontrolled

I guess you can use this command:

amixer sset Master 50%,50%

to balance speaker equally. If balance problem persists, you can add this command at startup execution.

Based on this question


I need instruction on moving unallocated space for nuewbies (or dummies)

To move space from Windows to Ubuntu you need to do the following:

Backup any data you cannot afford to lose
In Windows use Disk Management to reduce the size of your Windows partition. You may need to temporarily turn off hibernation and swap space to make immovable files movable. Don’t take too much space from Windows. It will not work well.
Make Ubuntu install media, usb or cd. The Ubuntu install guide will tell you how to do this.
Boot your install media, choose try Ubuntu to enter a live session. You will probably need to get into your BIOS to do this by selecting the device to boot.
In the live session run GParted. Ubuntu (sda5) is inside an extended partition (sda4). There should be some unallocated space between sda2 and sda4 as a result of reducing the Windows partition. First you need to resize sda4 using all the space between sda2 and sda3. Finally resize sda5 to use all the space in sda4

Good luck!


Welcome to AskUbuntu!

It's quite simple if you don't want to save anything! Simply install Windows over the whole disk. Then use the Ubuntu live-dvd or live usb to install Ubuntu and choose the Install next to Windows option.


Problems watching pay-for-view streaming content

You might try using Google Chrome.  Your movies might require (as you hinted to) an updated version of flash.  Adobe stopped supporting Flash for Linux, so other browsers will either depend on workarounds are an outdated version of flash.

Google has a license with Adobe which they incorporate in their chrome browser.  Google also has native support for Linux.  So running Google Chrome for your flash support might be better resolution than rebooting into Windows.  I run different browsers depending on particular instances for various site support.  While my preference is Opera, I still retain Firefox and Google Chrome for sites that are more optimized for those browsers.


Set Alt+Tab to switch all Windows, instead of Grouped Windows

To obtain the exact behavior in the question, do one of the following.

Using a GUI Application

Install dconf-editor
Open dconf-editor
Find: org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings

Remove default behavior: Alt+Tab

Instructions
 Find: switch-applications
 Change:  Use default value = false
 Change:  ['<Super>Tab', '<Alt>Tab'] to ['<Super>Tab']

Remove default behavior:  Shift+Alt+Tab

Instructions
 Find: switch-applications-backward
 Change:  Use default value = false
 Change: ['<Shift><Super>Tab', '<Shift><Alt>Tab'] to ['<Shift><Super>Tab']

Set new behavior: Alt+Tab

Instructions
 Find:  switch-windows
 Use default value = false
 '' to ['<Alt>Tab']

Set new behavior: Shift+Alt+Tab

Instructions
  Find:  switch-windows-backward
  Use default value = false
  '' to ['<Shift><Alt>Tab']

If you want switch-windows to work across workspaces, not just in the current workspace, you can also uncheck org/gnome/shell/window-switcher/current-workspace-only
Close dconf-editor
Older versions Gnome: (unnecessary in Ubuntu 18.04), You may also need to restart Gnome shell.  To do this, first save any work and close all applications. Finally, press Alt+F2, then type r to restart Gnome.

Using shell

First, list existing settings, in case you want to revert.  This does nothing other than list values.

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-applications
gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-applications-backward
gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-windows
gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-windows-backward

Change to new behavior

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-applications "['<Super>Tab']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-applications-backward "['<Shift><Super>Tab']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-windows "['<Alt>Tab']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-windows-backward "['<Shift><Alt>Tab']"


find grep -E gives error: find: unknown predicate `-E'

I used to run this command on previous installations with no problem

I don't know how is that possible because it's a completely wrong
syntax - you should use |, not \| , and also there is no need to use grep and rm separately.
It should be:

find . \( -name "*__pycache__" -o -name "*.pyc" -o -name "*.pyo" \) -delete


Specific short battery life problem with Sony VAIO laptop

Do the following steps and i hope your laptop battery consumption will be better

powerstat: Power Consumption Calculator for Ubuntu Linux

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:colin-king/powermanagement
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install powerstat

After that checking you power comsumption

sudo powerstat

Check the output mine was around 16 to 18 Watts

Now making battery life better

 sudo apt-get install ethtool

Put the given below in rc.local before exit 0

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

rfkill block bluetooth
ethtool -s eth0 wol d
exit 0

This save around 1 to 2 watts battery.

Install power top and check its suggestion ( Optional )

After that saving real battery consumption

 sudo gedit /etc/pm/power.d/power

and paste the following lines in it.

 #!/bin/sh

 # Shell script to reduce energy consumption when running battery. Place
 # it in /etc/pm/power.d/ and give execution rights.

 if on_ac_power; then

 # Start AC powered settings --------------------------------------------#

 #NMI watchdog should be turned on
 for foo in /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog;
 do echo 1 > $foo;
 done

 # CPU Governor: Performance
 for foo in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor;
 do echo performance > $foo;
 done
 # End AC powered settings ----------------------------------------------#

 else

 # Start battery powered settings ---------------------------------------#

 #NMI watchdog should be turned on
 for foo in /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog;
 do echo 0 > $foo;
 done

 # Select Ondemand CPU Governor
 for foo in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor;
 do echo ondemand > $foo;
 done
 # End battery powered settings -----------------------------------------#

 fi

Save and Exit & Now you need to assign execution permission of power script

 sudo chmod +x /etc/pm/power.d/power

After that

 cd /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d
 sudo cp anacron /etc/pm/power.d/
 sudo cp intel-audio-powersave /etc/pm/power.d/
 sudo cp laptop-mode /etc/pm/power.d/
 sudo cp sata_alpm /etc/pm/power.d/
 sudo cp sudo cp /etc/pm/power.d/ /etc/pm/power.d/

Disabling ‘Wake On LAN’ in Ubuntu might save a Tiny Bit of Power on your Laptop

 sudo cp /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/disable_wol /etc/pm/power.d/
 gksudo gedit /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/disable_wol

Once opened locate a code called ‘wol g’ (you can search for it in the editor) as shown below then simply change the letter ‘g’ to ‘d’.

After that you can see the pic below my battery life after full recharged. 5 Hours 25 Mints

After that reboot your laptop and after fully charged check the battery life and run again power stat

 sudo powerstat

I hope it will be better now

Now mine is

Summary:
 10.86 Watts on Average with Standard Deviation 1.07


Use os-uninstaller, a graphical tool

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/OS-Uninstaller

You should do this from a live USB rather booting from the hard drive

Install:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair

sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install -y os-uninstaller && os-uninstaller

Launch uninstaller from dash


1 Help with installing Nvidia drivers in Ubuntu 14.04

People following outdated Nvidia guides is becoming a real issue round here.

First remove that driver and the PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo apt-get update

Now add this PPA and install the driver:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352
sudo reboot

Now when the restart is complete, you will be using the Nvidia driver by default.


Unable to boot Ubuntu after power failure

The problem is  grub has lost track of where Ubuntu is installed.

Press c to enterin grub console when grub appears.
First determine in which partition operating system is installed.You can determine it by checking the output of this.

STEP:1

ls (hdX,Y) //x is the drive number, and y the partition

Change the value of x(a,b,c ...etc) and y(0,1,2..etc.) appropriately. for example (hda,0),(hda,1) untill you are not getting your root partition.

once you get correct x and y, enter this

STEP:2

grub:>> set prefix=(hdX,Y)/boot/grub
grub:>> set root=(hdX,Y)
grub:>> set
grub:>> ls /boot
grub:>> insmod /boot/grub/linux.mod
grub:>> linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sdXY ro  // x could be a or b or c, and y a number in my case was sda5
grub:>> initrd /initrd.img
grub:>> boot

now you get login into your ubuntu session.
After it type

STEP:3

sudo update-grub

and reboot.


Please download and burn the Ubuntu 12.04 Desktop ISO to a CD-R. Then set your BIOS to boot from it, and boot the Live-CD.

Once in there, open a terminal with Ctrl-Alt-T, and type sudo fdisk -l to see what the hard disk was mounted as.

Then run sudo fsck /dev/sda1, etc. for all partitions on that hard disk.

That should hopefully fix the problem.


How to send a file as an input to another file?

You can't use file1 > file2 to copy file1's contents to file2 because there's no command there. You have to issue some command.

Redirections apply to (1) a command you run or (2) the shell as a whole (if applied to the exec builtin). But they work by changing the source or target of actions that perform input-ouptut operations--that is, that read from or write to a file or device. You have to actually perform some action.
file1 > file2 is a valid command, under some circumstances, but it doesn't copy file1 to file2. Instead, as l0b0 says, it attempts to run file1 as a program or script, and--whether or not that succeeds--sends the standard output from running file1 into file2. (If file2 is a regular file, it gets overwritten.)
It's tempting to think something like <file1 >file2 would work. But it does not: when you leave off the command, no operation is performed. file1 is used as input and file2 is used as output... but since nothing is actually done, the output is empty, the only effect is to (a) create file2 if it didn't already exist, or (b) make file2 empty if it did:

ek@Ilex:~$ echo foobar > file1
ek@Ilex:~$ echo quux > file2
ek@Ilex:~$ cat file1
foobar
ek@Ilex:~$ cat file2
quux
ek@Ilex:~$ <file1 >file2
ek@Ilex:~$ cat file2
ek@Ilex:~$ file file1 file2
file1: ASCII text
file2: empty

You probably just want to run cp file1 file2.

Assuming, that is, that file2 is a regular file (or doesn't exist but you want it to exist as a regular file after your command runs), you should probably simply use the cp command.

As Sylvain Pineau says, you can use cat file1 > file2 as well. However, the cp command is well-behaved when writing to a file that already exists: it overwrites the target with the source, but keeps the target's original permissions mask (and therefore is good even in situations where one might intuitively think cat file1 > file2 were needed):

ek@Ilex:~$ echo glockenspiel > file1
ek@Ilex:~$ echo flugelhorn > file2
ek@Ilex:~$ cat file1
glockenspiel
ek@Ilex:~$ cat file2
flugelhorn
ek@Ilex:~$ chmod +x file2
ek@Ilex:~$ ls -l file1 file2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ek ek 13 Sep 16 03:28 file1
-rwxrwxr-x 1 ek ek 11 Sep 16 03:28 file2
ek@Ilex:~$ cp file1 file2
ek@Ilex:~$ cat file2
glockenspiel
ek@Ilex:~$ ls -l file1 file2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ek ek 13 Sep 16 03:28 file1
-rwxrwxr-x 1 ek ek 13 Sep 16 03:28 file2

To append, you probably do want a (different kind of) redirection.

Both the cp command and redirection with > will overwrite the contents of a regular file, if it exists. But >> redirection appends.

So if you want to append the contents of file1 to file2 instead of overwriting file2 with the contents of file1, a redirection with >> (not >) is a good choice:

ek@Ilex:~$ echo 'Violets are blue.' > file1
ek@Ilex:~$ echo 'Roses are red.' > file2
ek@Ilex:~$ cat file1
Violets are blue.
ek@Ilex:~$ cat file2
Roses are red.
ek@Ilex:~$ cat file1 >> file2
ek@Ilex:~$ cat file2
Roses are red.
Violets are blue.


Folder G: drive C: etc. are Windows partition identifiers, which will not work in linux.
For creating the soft link, go to the directory where you want to have the link, and execute the command

ln -s /mnt/hgfs/UbuntuShared


Is there a video player that can do auto refresh rate switching?

There is a mpv-plugin-xrandr script available for mpv.

As for interlaced content, see this issue.


why apt-get installing both openjdk-7 and openjdk-8

You will want to use update-alternatives to set the default java installation for your system. This program will manage which program installation will fulfill generic programs for which there are many versions and/or alternatives.

sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/lib/jvm/ jdk1.8.0/bin/java"


Ubuntu 14.04 uses kernel 3.13 and since 3.13 there is a major bug in controlling the fans!

I saw reports about affected HP and DELL laptops, and even Macbook Air. The symptom on my HP Compaq nx8220 is that the fan speed is set according to the temperature, but only once at boot time or when resumed after suspend! At boot time the temp is usually medium and the fan stays at medium speed. But after resume the temp is low, the fan stays off and the system overheats easily.

I was able to fix it today (July 13 2014) with a pre-release of kernel 3.13.0-32 from https://launchpad.net/~canonical-kernel-team/+archive/ubuntu/ppa

Careful users should wait a few days to get this fixed kernel as a normal update!

From what I have read the problem was a kernel patch called "ACPI / AC: convert ACPI ac driver to platform bus" which has now been reverted in kernel 3.13.0-31 and higher.


Partition doubt before installing Ubuntu 10.10

You can use all 37gb for Linux (the installer will recommend a size for the swap partition for you). You do not need to have a seperate /home partition as the installer will preserve your settings and data if you ever need to reinstall.

You can then just mount your Windows partition so you can access your data right from Ubuntu.

Since you've already repartitioned your disk it's probably not worth the effort to undo, but the Wubi installer is designed so you can have an easy to install dual-boot without having to to worry about this kind of thing.


Believe it or not, it's the zero that's messing you up. If you change it for a very low number like .01, it will work. You can stream line it even further like this:

if $(read -t.01 -sn1); then exit 0; fi


Error while updating, I need to install libimobiledevice-utils for ubuntu 16.04

It seems you are not connected to internet/that repo is not available at the moment. You can try to change the mirror in your sources (e.g. use cz.archive.ubuntu.com )


How to use multiple Hard drives in Ubuntu linux?

If you need to make a partition auto mounted in Ubuntu.

Run:
sudo blkid

You will see UUIDs of your partitions, the next is just an example:

/dev/sda1: LABEL="Recovery" UUID="B23613F43613B875" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda2: LABEL="Windows" UUID="38CE9483CE943AD8" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda3: LABEL="Data" UUID="519CB82E5888AD0F" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda5: UUID="00d7d951-2a35-40fd-8e5d-411bb824ff3b" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda6: LABEL="Ubuntu" UUID="6044b1d0-208e-4ab3-850d-03a92e1516fc" TYPE="ext4"

You shall take a UUID from your output which is corresponding to the partition you are going to automount:

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

For a general-purpose read-write mount, add this line to the end of /etc/fstab:

for ext4

UUID=6044b1d0-208e-4ab3-850d-03a92e1516fc /disk-sda5-kubuntu     ext4    defaults         0     2

or for NTFS

UUID=519CB82E5888AD0F  /media/Data  ntfs-3g  defaults,windows_names,locale=en_US.utf8  0 0

but change UUID to yours.


Can't connect to wifi via wpa_supplicant

man wpa_supplicant.conf

would have given you the answer. Anyway, here's it:

 ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel
      #
      # home network; allow all valid ciphers
      network={
           ssid="home"
           scan_ssid=1
           key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
           psk="very secret passphrase"
      }
      #


I would recommend to install special Dropbox plugin for Thunar by:
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install thunar-dropbox-plugin

and, initialize Dropbox from its icon and then use Dropbox with Thunar.


How many Antiviral definitions exist in 2017 for the linux antivirus Clamav?

According to the most recent update on my system, over 8 million signatures are downloaded and installed into several files that are used.

Thu Jan 12 13:40:12 2017 -> Downloading daily-22881.cdiff [100%]
Thu Jan 12 13:40:15 2017 -> daily.cld updated (version: 22881, sigs: 1340001, f-level: 63, builder: neo)
Thu Jan 12 13:40:15 2017 -> safebrowsing.cld is up to date (version: 45447, sigs: 2444663, f-level: 63, builder: google)
Thu Jan 12 13:40:15 2017 -> bytecode.cld is up to date (version: 285, sigs: 57, f-level: 63, builder: bbaker)
Thu Jan 12 13:40:19 2017 -> Database updated (8003511 signatures) from db.us.clamav.net (IP: 69.12.162.28)
Thu Jan 12 13:40:19 2017 -> Clamd successfully notified about the update.
Thu Jan 12 13:40:19 2017 -> --------------------------------------
Thu Jan 12 14:40:19 2017 -> Received signal: wake up
Thu Jan 12 14:40:19 2017 -> ClamAV update process started at Thu Jan 12 14:40:19 2017
Thu Jan 12 14:40:19 2017 -> main.cvd is up to date (version: 57, sigs: 4218790, f-level: 60, builder: amishhammer)
Thu Jan 12 14:40:19 2017 -> daily.cld is up to date (version: 22881, sigs: 1340001, f-level: 63, builder: neo)
Thu Jan 12 14:40:19 2017 -> safebrowsing.cld is up to date (version: 45447, sigs: 2444663, f-level: 63, builder: google)
Thu Jan 12 14:40:19 2017 -> bytecode.cld is up to date (version: 285, sigs: 57, f-level: 63, builder: bbaker)
Thu Jan 12 14:40:19 2017 -> --------------------------------------

If you want to make sure that your freshclam is updating at regular intervals, run the following command from a terminal window:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure clamav-freshclam

Step through the pages, and on the number of updates per Day, it should be set to 24 which means once per hour.  Also, these setup pages allow you to set the freshclam update to a daemon so that you don't have to worry about manual updates.


How to get nautilus to show file previews thumbnails for office files?

Following the steps in this article by Nicolas Bernaerts might help.
It explains how to configure Nautilus (or PCManFM) to display appropriate thumbnail icons (with a preview of the first page and the document type indicated) for Microsoft Office documents. It uses the LibreOffice CLI document type conversion tool unoconv.

This procedure has been tested under Ubuntu Gnome 14.04 LTS with Libre Office 4.2 & 5.0. It should be applicable to many Gnome based distributions. It has also been tested under Lubuntu 14.04 LTS with PCManFM.

The article provides a script, which Nautilus can use as its thumbnailer for MS Office files.
The easy way
Install the thumbnailer, its icons, and the Nautilus configuration file telling it to use this thumbnailer for MS Office mimetypes from the author's GitHub repository using these commands:
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NicolasBernaerts/ubuntu-scripts/master/thumbnailer/msoffice/msoffice-thumbnailer-install.sh
chmod +x msoffice-thumbnailer-install.sh
./msoffice-thumbnailer-install.sh

the script contains sudo, so it's going to ask for your password.
Then delete cached thumbnails
If you use Nautilus
rm -r $HOME/.cache/thumbnails
nautilus -q

If using Lubuntu/PCManFM, run:
rm -r $HOME/.thumbnails

And icons will be fixed after reboot.
For manual installation

Save the thumbnailer script as /usr/local/sbin/lo-thumbnailer
Download the icons from the author's GitHub repository and save them in /usr/local/sbin/msoffice-thumbnailer-icons.
Save instructions for Nautilus to use the script as thumbnailer as /usr/share/thumbnailers/msoffice.thumbnailer. The file should contain:

    [Thumbnailer Entry]
    TryExec=/usr/local/sbin/msoffice-thumbnailer
    Exec=/usr/local/sbin/msoffice-thumbnailer %u %o %s
    MimeType=application/msword;application/vnd.ms-word;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document;application/vnd.ms-excel;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template;application/vnd.ms-powerpoint;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow;application/ms-office;

Finally, delete cached thumbnails as explained in The easy way above.


The word you are searching for is called Outline in Eclipse, Navigator in Netbeans and Source Code Browser in Gedit.
A common program that creates this tree is CTAGS. The most common used is exuberant CTAGS http://ctags.sourceforge.net/. It does support 41 languages including C.

Here a tutorial how to combine it with vim:
http://andrew.stwrt.ca/posts/vim-ctags
or some tips and tricks on stackoverflow:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/563616/vim-and-ctags-tips-and-tricks


Does startup disk creator work with windows iso's

Nopes it doesnt :(
Startup disk creator knows how to write ubuntu based isos because of the way the operating system is structured.
Windows and OSX have different file structure.
The tool that i would advise to use is
http://en.congelli.eu/prog_info_winusb.html


Unattended upgrades triggering silent reboot

Whether or not unattended-upgrades reboots your system is controlled by entries in the configuration file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades
Mine is set to not allow reboots (the default), the pertinent section of the file looks like this
// Automatically reboot *WITHOUT CONFIRMATION*
//  if the file /var/run/reboot-required is found after the upgrade
//Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot "false";

// If automatic reboot is enabled and needed, reboot at the specific
// time instead of immediately
//  Default: "now"
//Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot-Time "02:00";


Dual-Booting with El Capitan without using rEFInd, how should the bootloader be installed?

You don't have to use Disk Utility to make the partitions, since this is obviously the tool's limitation, why not use a different tool for partitioning such as a live CD? Arch and Ubuntu are not exactly the same when it comes to installing in UEFI. I recommend using the alternate medium to install ubuntu, select manual configuration and while installing you can set your boot partition for ubuntu to be mounted as 'boot', and the esp mounted as boot\efi. Everything about ubuntu on the esp would be under an "ubuntu" folder. Once your setup and your installation is ready you should either add an option for chain-loading ubuntu on El Capitan (but can this happen? - i have no idea about osx) or use cloverefi which is the most widely used amongst hackintosh users as far as i know. https://sourceforge.net/projects/cloverefiboot/


You must have set a limit for the maximum number of processes in /etc/security/limits.conf or perhaps some default is set in Ubuntu.

I had that set to 350 processes to prevent accidential fork-bombs. What drove me crazy - when my processes couldn't fork anymore, the number of processes I ran at the time was far from the limit.

Turns out the reason for that was, that not processes were counted, but kernel level threads.

ps -efL | grep ^$USER | wc -l

indeed showed that I was close to the limit.
The many tabs/windows I had open in chromium alone could amount to over 100 such threads - no wonder I hit that limit easily.


No unity shell , no unity panel and no dual monitors

Here are the instructions to fix this:

Open the Startup Applications program from your Dash.
Click Add.
Name the item Unity Shell.
Type the command you use to start Unity in the Command option.
Click Add.
Click Close.
Restart your computer and Unity should start up.


Can you install Ubuntu from the hard disk?

Yes.
Ubuntu can be installed from hard disk without using any secondary media like CD or USB.

You can read the full tutorial here.

http://agnipulse.com/2011/08/install-ubuntu-hard-disk/

Grub4Dos bootloader is used to boot from the Ubuntu iso on the hard disk.After booting, the isodevice is unmounted by running some commands in the terminal.Then you can install Ubuntu the normal way.


Network Manager manages its own static routes - open network manager and select "wired connection 1". Select edit. select IPv4 tab. At the bottom of this page is a button for "Routes". That is where you add them. When done NM writes to a file with root permissions in its /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ directory called "Wired connection 1"

Example follows

ls -l /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/
total 4.0K
-rw------- 1 root root 216 Aug 26 10:38 Wired connection 1

sudo cat /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Wired\ connection\ 1

[802-3-ethernet]
mac-address=A:Real:Mac:Add:re:ss

[connection]
id=Wired connection 1
uuid=df4491fc-0981-4071-82ae-04c7b2d6d9fc
type=802-3-ethernet

[ipv6]
method=auto

[ipv4]
method=auto
route1=10.2.2.0/24,10.1.1.68,1

Where 10.2.2.0 is the destination network and 10.1.1.68 is the gateway.


terminal window displays 'my: command not found'

It appears that you are likely looking for a misplaced word, my, in some bash startup file.  Try:

grep -w my ~/.bash* ~/.prof*

The option -w specifies that we are looking for a word, not just two characters.  This means that grep -w my will match my but not myself or enemy.

This searches the common bash config files for the word my.  These files include ~/.bashrc, ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile.  If you don't find the problem there, you may need to expand the search to the system-wide config files such as /etc/profile and /etc/bash.bashrc.

The above approach is simple but not comprehensive.  In part, this is because it is possible that the problem is not in one of the standard files mentioned above but in some some that those files source.   For a more comprehensive search, see this answer.


If you are getting a 'connection reset' message from your ssh client, it does not sound like you have a problem with the host networking configuration - i.e. your problem is most likely unrelated to netplan.

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/151860/ssh-exchange-identification-read-connection-reset-by-peer


Problem reinstalling Ubuntu 12.04 (Dual with Windows 8) - Black Screen

Download Boot Repair iso image, burn it on a regular CD, reboot computer with your new Boot Repair CD in tray, and choose the 'Recommended Repair' option after Boot Repair finished loading. You should be able to boot into Ubuntu after that.

If you can boot into Ubuntu, first thing to do, after you login is to run a required update-grub command. Code:

sudo update-grub

And I think that you're done. Very important is to choose the right Boot Repair iso image

If you're running Win8 and Ubuntu 64bit, then you choose the 64bit iso image for Boot Repair,
If you're not then you choose the 32bit iso image, and download it and burn it. Boot Repair iso image can also be written on any decent USB pendrive (with a minimum 1GB space) using Unetbootin tool.


Ubuntu 18.04 does not get search domain from DHCP server?

If you do not use dhclient, /etc/resolv.conf is a symlink to /run/resolv/resolv.conf. However, the config file used by systemctl to set the DNS servers if in /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf.

Updating /etc/resolv.conf to point to the file generated by systemd resolves this issue.


What does this command line that starts with "1, $" do in Vim?

1,$ defines the range on which your substitute command s/../../ is applied. 1,$ means 'from the first to the last line'. See :help range in Vim for more.


You can use:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface cursor-theme 'Adwaita'

That should do it. Remember that if you don't have the cursor installed it will do nothing. You can check using:

ls /usr/share/icons/Adwaita | grep cursor

Wine doesn't use a different cursor than the one is set.