not sure I set my host name right need someone to straighten me out

I think you are mixing up things.

You are mixing domain name and aliases and fqdn.

webmail or GreenHornet are aliases (aka services inside your domain name)

alias + domain name = fqdn

the fqdn is the way to identify your service/server (if your DNS Server has the good settings)

I do not recommend using uppercase, you cannot know if it'll work correctly

To sum up you have this /etc/hosts file :

127.0.0.1       localhost
127.0.1.1       GreenHornet
xxx.xxx.xxx.85    mydomain.co GreenHornet
xxx.xxx.xxx.85    mydomain.co GreenHornet
xxx.xxx.xxx.85    webmail.mydomain.co GreenHornet

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

it means that you have 2 possible fqdn : webmail.mydomain.co and mydomain.co (if your DNS settings use a wildcard). Both answer to xxx.xxx.xxx.85 And you have one alias : GreenHornet witch answers for 127.0.1.1 and xxx.xxx.xxx.85

By what you want to accomplish you must correct this file to this form (considering all in lower case) :

127.0.0.1       localhost
127.0.1.1       greenhornet
xxx.xxx.xxx.85    mydomain.co webmail.mydomain.co greenhornet.mydomain.co

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

You have another file to see in order to change your server hostname

edit the /etc/hostname and set it up to :

greenhornet.mydomain.co

then reboot your server or execute this command to validate the hostname change :

service hostname start

Restart your apache and it'll be ok then. If not reboot your server.

You talk about a certificate. You must know that you must at least respect the cn that you have set into the certificate for this one to be valid.

You may also need to reconfigure your zimbra for taking in consideration the new hostname.

Best regards.


How can I restrict users of computers to 2 hours only?

This Bash script will lock screen after an interval you specify and require the password to reactivate it.

It gives a count down notification bubble and soft sound at 2 hours, 1 hour, 45, 30, 15, 10, 5, 3, 2 and 1 minute remaining.

As I wrote the script I'd be happy to modify it for anyone. Because it's written in Bash millions of other people with beginner scripting skills can change it as well.


According to the changelog for the glib2.0 source package, the /usr/bin/gapplication program was recently added to the libglib2.0-bin  package beginning with version 2.40.0-3.

This version of the package is not available for 14.04 but is now available in the 14.10 development release. So if you want to try the gapplication program, you can either upgrade to the 14.10 development version, wait for Ubuntu 14.10 to be released, or try backporting the glib2.0 packages yourself. The glib2.0 packages are not currently part of the gnome3-staging PPA.


squidguard issue configuring.getting same error over and over again

Try sudo apt-get install libdb4.8. Or perhaps db4.8-util if libdb4.8 is obsolete.

In general, you might try looking up a file with apt-file search FILENAME.

$ apt-file search libdb-4.8.so
libdb4.8: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdb-4.8.so

It's the result in my system, in yours it may be different.


tried installing normal pgAdmin with Apache2 hosting, but that obv. conflicted with nginx

it won't if you configure Apache2 to listen to different port that nginx didn't use.

  pgAdmin does not seem to play well with nginx

install and configure uWSGI with pgAdmin app, then configure nginx to use uwsgi_pass to communicate to uWSGI.

  Edit 2020-05-10: More details and information

You got two solutions here, either use nginx + uwsgi_pass, or Apache httpd + mod_proxy_wsgi. Let's delve into both.

Prerequisites

Python and Python development headers

Install Python and its compatible development headers, preferably Python >=3.6. PCRE 3 libraries are required for uwsgi to handle regex routings.

$ sudo apt-get update && apt-get -y install build-essential python3 python3-dev libpcre3-dev libpcre3

Python virtual environment

Install your pgAdmin on a virtual environment, whether it's venv, virtualenv, conda, anything even; just to make sure that your OS package manager won't interfere with your python environments (versions, packages, etc).

If you're using venv, it should be something like

$ cd /path/to/working_directory

# Install virtual environment on .env, and activate it.
$ python3 -m venv .env
$ source .env/bin/activate

# upgrade existing pip packages, and install wheel.
(.env) $ pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
(.env) $ pip install wheel

# install pgAdmin 4.21
(.env) $ pip install https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/pgadmin/pgadmin4/v4.21/pip/pgadmin4-4.21-py2.py3-none-any.whl

uWSGI and pgAdmin

uWSGI Installation

To let your webserver connect to pgAdmin, you'll use WSGI or HTTP server. pgAdmin supports uWSGI and Gunicorn.

Here, we'll use uWSGI, but if you're using another WSGI server, just make sure that it's listening at UNIX socket /tmp/wsgi/pgadmin.sock

First, you'll need to install uWSGI. You can install uWSGI with apt-get or with pip.

Both are fine; but with pip, you'll need to write your own service file; and with apt-get, you'll need to accept you're using older version of uWSGI. We'll install both, using Ubuntu-distributed service file and pip-distributed latest version uwsgi binary

Install Ubuntu-distributed uwsgi
$ sudo apt-get -y install uwsgi

Install pip-distributed uwsgi
$ source /path/to/working_directory/.env/bin/activate
(.env) $ pip install uwsgi

# Ubuntu-distributed version
(.env) $ /usr/bin/uwsgi --version
2.0.15-debian

# pip-distributed version
(.env) $ uwsgi --version
2.0.18

# service file
(.env) $ ls /etc/init.d/uwsgi
/etc/init.d/uwsgi

pgAdmin Installation

Next, we're setting pgAdmin up for uWSGI. You'll need to get into our virtual environment again. We're roughly following this pgAdmin official guide.

First, create a local configuration.

$ cd /path/to/working_directory/.env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pgadmin4
$ cp config.py config_local.py
$ vim config_local.py

Note that you can follow pgAdmin's documentation, but we can just edit DATA_DIR = '/var/lib/pgadmin' to anything sensible, because everything else will refer to DATA_DIR. Here, we use /path/to/working_directory/lib

Next, create pgAdmin's required directories

$ sudo mkdir -p /var/log/pgadmin
$ mkdir /path/to/working_directory/lib

/var/log/pgadmin and DATA_DIR should be fully controlled by uWSGI, because pgAdmin will be running under uWSGI. Here, we'll be using www-data as uWSGI user and group.

$ sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/log/pgadmin /path/to/working_directory/lib

Note that we need to allow writes to /var/log/pgadmin and DATA_DIR to let it set up. We only let it be writable by our user now, and we will fix this permission later.

$ sudo chmod 777 /var/log/pgadmin /path/to/working_directory/lib

Enter our virtual environment and run pgAdmin's setup.py.

$ source /path/to/working_directory/.env/bin/activate
(.env) $ cd /path/to/working_directory/.env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pgadmin4
(.env) $ python setup.py

Follow setup instructions until it's complete, and take note of your email and password created here.

Next, fix /var/log/pgadmin and DATA_DIR permissions.

$ chmod 755 /var/log/pgadmin /path/to/working_directory/lib
$ chown -R www-data:www-data /var/log/pgadmin /path/to/working_directory/lib

pgAdmin should be completely set up by now.

Integrating uWSGI and pgAdmin

Now, we're ready to integrate pgAdmin and uWSGI, creating WSGI server that listens at UNIX socket /tmp/wsgi/pgadmin.sock.

First, using your favorite editor, create a uWSGI configuration file in /etc/uwsgi/apps-available. Let's call it pgadmin.ini.

$ sudo vim /etc/uwsgi/apps-available/pgadmin.ini

It should contain at least:

[uwsgi]
socket = /tmp/wsgi/pgadmin.sock
chdir = /path/to/working_directory/.env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pgadmin4
manage-script-name = true
venv = /path/to/working_directory/.env/
master = true
processes = 1
threads = 4
mount = /=pgAdmin4:app
log-format = %(addr) - %(user) [%(ltime)] "%(method) %(uri) %(proto)" %(status) %(size) "%(referer)" "%(uagent)"
logger = file:/tmp/wsgi/pgadmin-access.log
uid = www-data
gid = www-data

create required directories, and enable our pgAdmin uWSGI app

$ sudo mkdir -p /tmp/wsgi
$ sudo chown www-data:www-data /tmp/wsgi
$ sudo ln -s /etc/uwsgi/apps-available/pgadmin.ini /etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/pgadmin.ini

copy default uWSGI file to another service file, and edit it to use pip-installed uWSGI binary.

$ sudo cp /etc/init.d/uwsgi /etc/init.d/uwsgi-venv
$ vim /etc/init.d/uwsgi-venv
# replace DAEMON="/usr/bin/uwsgi" to DAEMON="/path/to/working_directory/.env/bin/uwsgi

uWSGI configuration should be done.

Now, try to start uWSGI.

$ sudo service uwsgi-venv start pgadmin

Here, pgadmin refers to what we've soft-linked in /etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled before. If you linked it as pgadmin.ini, you'll use pgadmin.

Check if uWSGI is running.

$ ps -eF | grep uwsgi
www-data 10582     1  2 32144 91480   0 03:56 ?        00:00:03 /path/to/working_directory/.env/bin/uwsgi --ini /usr/share/uwsgi/conf/default.ini --ini /etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/pgadmin.ini --daemonize /var/log/uwsgi/app/pgadmin.log
www-data 10593 10582  0 87443  2640   0 03:56 ?        00:00:00 /path/to/working_directory/.env/bin/uwsgi --ini /usr/share/uwsgi/conf/default.ini --ini /etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/pgadmin.ini --daemonize /var/log/uwsgi/app/pgadmin.log

nginx and uWSGI

If you haven't installed nginx, install it with apt-get.

$ sudo apt-get -y install nginx

If you have already installed nginx, you may need to adjust some configurations. Let me know if you had any trouble then.

Next, let's configure nginx so that it'll pass any requests to uWSGI we configured earlier.

In /etc/nginx/sites-available directory, create a new nginx configuration file. Here, we're using pgadmin.local as virtual hostname.

$ sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/pgadmin.conf

This configuration file should look at least like this:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name pgadmin.local;

    location / {
        include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_pass unix:/tmp/wsgi/pgadmin.sock;
    }
}

If you need it to listen to other port, change listen 80; to listen <your_port>;.

Enable this configuration.

$ sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/pgadmin.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/pgadmin.conf

Test and reload your new nginx configuration.

 $ sudo nginx -t && sudo service nginx reload

Depending on your configuration, you may need to configure your firewall after this, but after that, you can browse to your configured virtual host with your favorite browser.

 $ firefox http://pgadmin.local

httpd and uWSGI

There's not a lot of difference between httpd and nginx configuration here, you just need to forward http request as WSGI request to WSGI server backend, in this case, using mod_proxy_wsgi.

Install httpd first if you haven't installed it yet.

$ sudo apt-get -y install apache2 apache2-utils

If you have already installed httpd, you may need to adjust some configurations. Let me know if you had any trouble then.

Don't forget to install mod-proxy and mod-proxy-uwsgi, as both these modules are required.

$ sudo apt-get -y install libapache2-mod-proxy-uwsgi

Next, let's configure httpd to pass any requests to uWSGI we configured earlier.

In /etc/apache2/sites-available directory, create a new virtual host configuration file. Here, we're using pgadmin.local as virtual hostname.

$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/pgadmin.conf

This configuration file should look at least like this:

<VirtualHost *:80>
  ServerName pgadmin.local
  ProxyRequests off
  ProxyPass "/" "unix:/tmp/wsgi/pgadmin.sock|uwsgi://localhost/"
</VirtualHost>

If you need it to listen to other port, you'll need a few changes.

Change <VirtualHost *:80> to <VirtualHost *:<your_port>>
In /etc/apache2/ports.conf, remove all irrelevant Listens including those under <IfModule>s, and add Listen <your_port>.
If you still have default site enabled, disable it with a2dissite.

Enable this configuration.

$ sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/pgadmin.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/pgadmin.conf

Enable mod_proxy and mod_proxy_uwsgi

$ sudo a2enmod proxy proxy_uwsgi

Test and reload your new httpd configuration.

$ sudo apachectl configtest && sudo service apache2 reload

Depending on your configuration, you may need to configure your firewall after this, but after that, you can browse to your configured virtual host with your favorite browser.

 $ firefox http://pgadmin.local


VMWare Workstation (by default) automaticall installs VMWare tools. Since you're running older version of VMWare Workstation, your VMWare tools version is also outdated.

However, now you're trying to install newer version of VMWare player which requires newer version of VMWare tools.

Therefore, it is obvious that you get the above mention error. Also note that you cannot run two different version of VMWare tools simultaneously.

SOLUTION

Best Choice : Uninstall older version of VMWare Workstation and install new version of VMWare Workstation (version 8.x.x. build-xxxxx) along with VMWare tools. here is the link

(Just a) choice : Remove new version of VMWare player (version 4.x.x) and install older version of VMWare player that matches to your existing VMWare Workstation version. (Here I assume you have installed your existing VMWare Workstation along with VMWare tools.)

Hope these information will guide you :)


Ubuntu 16.04 guest cannot connect internet

As @GabrielaGarcia suggested to change the NAT mode, so I switched to "NAT" then set port forwarding at "Port Forwarding" in "Advanced" pane like the following.

Name    Protocol Host IP      Host Port  Guest IP   Guest Port
Rule1   TCP      192.168.56.1 80         10.0.2.15  3000

Now I can access the web server on the Ubuntu guest from the Window host by typing "http://192.168.56.1".


How to turn off the filesystem check message which occures while booting

Silencing boot messages
You should be able to achieve this with the kernel parameter loglevel= or quiet
loglevel=       All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
                console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
                also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
                loglevels are defined as follows:

                0 (KERN_EMERG)          system is unusable
                1 (KERN_ALERT)          action must be taken immediately
                2 (KERN_CRIT)           critical conditions
                3 (KERN_ERR)            error conditions
                4 (KERN_WARNING)        warning conditions
                5 (KERN_NOTICE)         normal but significant condition
                6 (KERN_INFO)           informational
                7 (KERN_DEBUG)          debug-level messages

quiet       [KNL] Disable most log messages

I am not sure at exactly what level this would be hidden (or how quiet you would like your boot to be).
Temporarily
reboot your computer, and at the grub menu hit e to edit the boot parameters.
scroll down to the end of the linux... line using the arrow keys
add desired loglevel parameter or quiet to the end of that line. example:
linux      /vmlinuz-4.4.0-21.generic.efi.signed root=/dev/mapper/encrypted ro loglevel=4

or
linux      /vmlinuz-4.4.0-21.generic.efi.signed root=/dev/mapper/encrypted ro quiet

when done editing, proceed to boot by pressing F10
Persistently
To do this, edit /etc/default/grub
edit the line:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=
uncomment it if needed, and add the desired log level or quiet -- for example GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="loglevel=4" or GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"
and run sudo update-grub
fsck messages
remove fsck from initramfs
fsck is run by default by the initramfs. by removing it and having systemd run fsck we will be able to redirect the output.
see man initramfs and wiki.ubuntu.com/Initramfs for more info on removing fsck from the ramfs.
systemd fsck
From the arch wiki:

Now copy the files systemd-fsck-root.service and systemd-fsck@.service located at /usr/lib/systemd/system/ to /etc/systemd/system/ and edit them, configuring StandardOutput and StandardError like this:
[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=yes
ExecStart=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-fsck
StandardOutput=null
StandardError=journal+console
TimeoutSec=0

In Ubuntu, these files are both located in /lib/systemd/system
If the file system is not checked by the initramfs during boot, systemd-fsck-root.service will automatically be run.
see http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/wily/man8/systemd-fsck@.service.8.html


The user data base is not in /home. If you follow that approach, you will lose (or: mix up) the file ownerships. Each file and directory has a set of permissions, a user id (uid) and a group id (gid). Your backup tool saves all that, but it does not save the mapping from uid's to users and gid's to groups, since the involved number may be different on a fresh install. You will need to backup the files /etc/passwd, /etc/group for those mappings. If you want to backup passwords (encrypted) you also need the file /etc/shadow. However I would not just restore those files, but open them during restoring and use only the id's for recreating the users.

$ # one user is in each line. the line for user jb is:
$ grep jb /etc/passwd
jb:x:1002:1002:Jo Bo,,,:/home/jb:/bin/bash
$ # the first 1002 denotes the uid, the second 1002 denotes the gid
$ # let's recreate that user
$ addgroup --gid 1002 jb && adduser --uid 1002 --gid 1002 jb

This works flawlessly given that you have one user that has admin rights and has been the first user created on both the old and the fresh system (during installation) and given that you did not create other groups or added user to some groups. If that's not true, you'd have to have a closer look at the differences between the file version. But that is not hard to figure out, what'd need to be done.

What's nice to have are the encrypted passwords, which are in the /etc/shadow file. One example line:

jb:$6$HNJnBSsO$xE8vhxcSPGWbbUxqMRXpWq5Q9RrmwsRgRmn/mwjmQKEQKfI3AsGMyR5F4k7DMZouTXQvEKqcm1t592zKD/L0Q/:15943:0:99999:7:::

The long field between the : is the encrypted password. You can copy paste them to the new file. That way your users don't have to reset the passwords.

Even if you lose all these files, you're not screwed. You can simply reassign the files in /home with the command chown -R <user>: /home/<user>. That may even be the preferred way.

But all of this assumes, that your system is used the most simple way, i.e. there is no software installed that holds valuable configuration work outside /home, inside user's folders are just files of the respective user, there are no special group assignments (two user share file via a common group) and so forth---or all of that can be recreated easily.

If you have more complex user/groups and want to transfer file ownerships properly and you feel lucky you can do a stunt like ...

find /home -uid <uid1> -print0 | xargs -r0 -- chown <tmpuid1> --
find /home -gid <gid1> -print0 | xargs -r0 -- chgrp <tempgid1> --
....
find /home -uid <tmpuid1> print0 | xargs -r0 -- chown <newuid1> --
find /home -gid <tmpgid1> print0 | xargs -r0 -- chown <newgid1> --
....

CONCLUSION:

Just backing up /home is perfectly fine for a desktop system if you know what you're doing/missing. Generally it is a good idea to test the desaster strategy!


Installing Drivers from CD on Ubuntu 12.10

Please forget any method you used for Windows. Linux (and thus Ubuntu) is a complete other ballgame.

Linux uses generic drivers. This means that IF hardware is supported by Linux the drivers are included with the system and during installation Linux will install those drivers for you.

For the motherboard you need no drivers. That Utility DVD you have is worthless when using Linux. Unless there are documents on there (but the drivers and software are useless).

For graphics cards we have native drivers but also drivers from the videocard manufacturers. Linux/Ubuntu will install the native driver and after installing show you drivers it has in its arsenal that are provided by 3rd party manufacturers. System settings -> software sources -> additional drivers:

The wireless card. Here: http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Devices/USB it says rt2800usb Tenda W311U 0x148f 0x3070 (I assume this is the one you have too since it is not listed elsewhere) and the driver rt2800usb is listed here as supported: http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Drivers In the past you might have needed to install the windows drivers with a program called ndiswrapper but this is getting rarer and rarer!


failed to add spyder 3 to dash (gnome-panel)

I see this is an old question, but I hope my answer is helpful anyway.
I had the same problem. One way to solve it is to launch the "apps menu" (the little button with nine dots in the lower part of the Gnome menu; also, you can use the "Windows" button). You will find a field with the text "Type to search", where you just have to write "Spyder3". The icon of the app will appear. Just give it a right click, and select "Add to favorites" in the emerging menu.
In my case, I installed Spyder3 using pip, so my Spyder .desktop file is located in /usr/local/share/applications. If you don't have it there, you can create one and put it in that folder or in ~/.local/share/applications. Then you can follow the steps above.

One problem I had with this approach is that when I launched Spyder3, another Spyder icon appeared, just besides the one I added, so I had two of them. When I close the application, the second icon disappeared. After experimenting with this behavior, I noticed the icon I added to favorites said "Spyder3", while the other said just "Spyder". If something like this happens to you, you can copy or create a .desktop in /usr/local/share/applications or ~/.local/share/applications with the name "spyder.desktop". If you follow the steps above, you will find the two launchers on the "apps menu". Use the one named "spyder.desktop" and/or remove the one named "spyder3.desktop".

Maybe this is a Spyder bug. I think I'll report it to the authors.

I hope this helps! Feel free to ask again if you have any doubts.


Allow read/write access to a folder in the /var folder

Files in the root has as autor root, so before doing any change of rights we have to put the user as autor
With the command: chown -R $user_name name_directory.


According to this issue, OpenCV dropped support for pkg-config. However, this can be added as follows:

Configure

When you run cmake add the additional parameter -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=YES e.g.

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=YES -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..

Then make and sudo make install as before.

Test

Use the name opencv4 instead of just opencv e.g.

pkg-config --cflags opencv4


thunderbird's v45 "integrated calendar" (lightning) is missing?

The Lightning package seems to still be available as a separate package. I am not sure, but the decision to not integrate it into the Thunderbird package could possibly be a conscious choice by the Ubuntu maintainers of the software. I'm not running 14.04 LTS "Trusty" anymore but I see the package on this 16.04 LTS "Xenial" system --

$ sudo apt-get install xul-ext-lightning

A search at packages.ubuntu.com shows the updated Lightning package IS available for Trusty.


How can Filename too long be avioded in a copy-paste operation?

There is a limit to file name length that cannot be exceeded. This limit differs by the filesystem type and sometimes gets shorter if the filesystem is also encrypted.

You can find out what the limit is on your system by running getconf NAME_MAX on a partition like so:

getconf NAME_MAX /dev/sda1

The output would be the maximum filename length in bytes ( 1 byte = 1 character ) and it will print something like this:

255

There is a path limit too which you can find by running getconf PATH_MAX on a partition like so:

getconf PATH_MAX /dev/sda1

The output would also be the maximum path length in bytes ( 1 byte = 1 character ) and it will print something like this:

4096

When copying files, the limit of the destination filesystem is applied as these files will be created in the destination and if their filenames exceed the maximum filename limit for the destination filesystem, the copying process will result in an error and these files will not be copied.

The easy workaround for this is to rename these files to something shorter and copy them again.

Best of luck


Automount at boot in /etc/fstab taking very long time after 15.04 upgrade

You may be running into the problem where network services try to start before the network is actually up and running.
After running sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager-wait-online.service the services will wait till the network is online.


Opera Developer gets wrong (red) icon when launched from terminal

To get the Opera Developer blue icon working:

Rename:

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/opera

to

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/opera-developer

And update the link usr/bin/opera-developer to the new name:

../lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/opera-developer/opera-developer

This way Opera Developer will always get the blue icon, whether you launch it from the terminal or Unit launcher.


Wifi adapter rtl8821ce not working on 20.04

It works like described in a former post:
Wifi adapter not found, rtl8821ce no longer working [18.04]


1.Download and install EasyBCD on windows.
2.On the linux section select grub2 and add entry for the partition where you installed Ubuntu.


Can I install Ubuntu on a computer that has no operating system?

It depends on given RAM - you could try it first with Lubuntu (32-Bit-CD) - but if RAM is smaller than about 120 MB to 130 MB - then it would not work with Ubuntu (32-Bit-CD). Would be good if you deliver a hardware - description too. Because e.g. intel centrino is not easily (I did not achieve with centrino and Ubuntu up to today) to be installed with Lubuntu resp. Ubuntu. ( It depends too - if CD-drive is able to boot properly in case it is a really old Laptop ... )


Cinnamon is developed to be used by a novice user. That is why (among other things) cinnamon is packaged abruptly, so you can not remove a lot of things. The point is that: they want provide all in a simple way to the end user. If we do not create strong dependencies, then a non-experienced user may not know what he must be installed in order to have a fully functional desktop.

The applets, desklets and extensions (which truly make the desktop), contain no ways to declare hard dependencies to a package. Therefore, the dependence of all extensions (applets, desklets...) are included inside cinnamon package. Then for at least the standards extensions that developers of cinnamon provide, can be used without need to know or install anything.

What you request, is then, go in an opposite direction of what the Cinnamon devs try to do. Could be possible on the future, if will be created a way to create hard dependencies in to the cinnamon extensions.


Juju is a dependency of Landscape. When you install Landscape (via apt-get, for example), the right version of Juju will also be installed. It will only be used, though, if you start the OpenStack Autopilot.

If you want to install Landscape via Juju, however, you can, and there are advantages. You will get an installation that can scale as your number of registered machines grows. In other words, you get it right from the start. Quickstart was always meant to be just a quick demonstration.


How to use Mode_switch and xmodmap in current Ubuntu versions?

Thanks to Gunnar Hjalmarsson, I found enough information in this answer. Here's what I did:

To include some new key settings, I added this to the end of /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us:

partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "us-de" {

    // include all the definitions from us(basic), I just want to add to it

    include "us(basic)"
    name[Group1]= "English (US, with german umlauts)";

    // add german umlauts

    key <AC01> {    [     a,    A,  adiaeresis, Adiaeresis      ]   };
    key <AD07> {    [     u,    U,  udiaeresis, Udiaeresis      ]   };
    key <AD09> {    [     o,    O,  odiaeresis, Odiaeresis      ]   };
    key <AC02> {    [     s,    S,  ssharp,     ssharp          ]   };

    // and some other keys

    key <AE11> {    [     minus,    underscore, endash, endash  ]   };
    key <AB09> {    [    period,    greater,    ellipsis,   ellipsis    ]   };
    key <AB10> {    [     slash,    question,   emdash, emdash  ]   };

    // have ALT_R as level 3 switch

    include "level3(ralt_switch)"
};

And to have a variant I can select from Settings > Region & Language, I added
the following to the end of the variantList for English (US) in this XML
file /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.xml:

<variant>
<configItem>
    <name>us-de</name>
    <description>English (US, with german umlauts)</description>
</configItem>
</variant>

After a sudo systemctl restart keyboard-setup.service I could select the new
layout variant from Settings > Region & Language.


Now, I'm no expert on commands, but that seems to be a nasty one (why would you leave an open machine in root user anyway?).

If the files are still on the system (not likely) you should be able to just move them back. But since you are asking this I don't think they are.

My best bet, would be to reinstall the system.

And tell yourself never to leave an oen ROOT system again. :P


I recommended you, install latest version of Sweet Home 3D
Download 32 bit version

Download 64 bit version

32-bit or 64-bit? Check it out by going to System Settings -> Details. Check out if there’s a new release at here

Press Ctrl+Alt+T to open the terminal. When it opens, paste the below command and hit enter to extract the package to /opt/:

cd /opt/ && sudo tar -zxvf ~/Downloads/SweetHome3D-4.4-linux-*.tgz

(In the command, you may replace SweetHome3D-4.4-linux-*.tgz with the exact package name.)
Now you’re able to launch SweetHome3D via:

/opt/SweetHome3D-4.4/SweetHome3D

If everything goes OK. Let’s create a launcher for it so that you can start it from Unity Dash or Launcher.

In a terminal Ctrl+Alt+T, run command:

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/sweethome3d-4.4.desktop

It will create a config file and open it with Gedit text editor.

Paste below content into the file and save it.

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Sweet Home 3D 4.4
GenericName=Interior 2D design application with 3D preview
GenericName[de]=Innenraumplaner
Comment=Interior design Java application for quickly choosing and placing furniture on a house 2D plan drawn by the end-user with a 3D preview
Exec=/opt/SweetHome3D-4.4/SweetHome3D
Icon=sweethome3d
StartupNotify=true
StartupWMClass=com-eteks-sweethome3d-SweetHome3D
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Graphics;2DGraphics;3DGraphics;
Keywords=interior;design;2D;3D;home;house;furniture;java;

You may grab a logo icon from web. Name it sweethome3d.png and put it under /usr/share/icons/.

Once done, you’re able to open Sweet Home 3D 4.4 from Unity Dash result.


Which browser (if any) will be able to play video and audio at VKontakte (vk.com) in Ubuntu without a flash plugin?

I've tested this:

in Chromium, under each video at vk.com, there is a notice saying that Flash Player is needed, or one can load the HTML5 player (the 2nd option is a clickable link). If one clicks the "HTML5 player" link, the video is played rather well.

Similarly for audio at vk.com in Chromium (some tracks are played badly, others quite well).

In Firefox, there is no such "HTML5 player" option in the notice under a video.

Hence conclusion: videos from vk.com can't be played in Firefox in Ubuntu 12.04 on ARM, but they can in Chromium.


remove old graphics card, and install new one in ubuntu14.04

The GeForce GT 610 graphics card can use either the NVIDIA proprietary driver or the Nouveau open source driver. If you are replacing an old Nvidia graphics card with a new Nvidia graphics card it should work with the existing graphics card driver, otherwise uninstall the existing graphics card driver before you put in the new graphics card, then after you boot with the new graphics card open the Additional Drivers utility (Dash -> Additional Drivers) and install the proprietary graphics driver from there.

In the below screenshot, you can see that the GeForce GT 610 graphics card is using the recommended driver, nvidia-331.


Ubuntu Server 16.10 not Responding to Neighbor Solicitation (IPv6)

Ok everyone. Strap yourselves in because you are about to go on the IPv6 ride of your lives. Are you ready? Ok. Here we go.

I pinged the wrong address by one digit. Last octet is 229 not 299.


If /boot is on a separate partition, Kernel Crash Dump on Ubuntu will fail because of a ---> bug which still exists in 14.04 Trusty, can you believe it? At least it is the case for me using LVM and a separate /boot.

The workaround is to

unmount /boot and then mount it to some other mount point, e.g. /mnt
copy the contents over to /boot (the one on the same block device as /). e.g. rsync -axHAX --progress --stats /mnt/ /boot
Trigger a crash by using echo c | sudo tee /proc/sysrq-trigger
If all good, you'll see kernel crash dump in /var/crash in forms of (uname -r)-yyyymmddHHmm.crash and a yyyymmddHHmm directory with dmesg and dump.

If you want to analyze the crash dump, you'll need crash, run it like below:

crash /usr/lib/debug/boot/vmlinux-$(uname -r) /var/crash/yyyymmddHHmm/dump.yyyymmddHHmm

For more info regarding crash, read the manual.

BTW: DO NOT forget to reload the kdump-tools configuration after changing /etc/default/kdump-tools by kdump-config load.


Forcing Genymotion network traffic to pass through Ubuntu proxy settings

Changing any setting on VirtualBox instance on "Adapter 1" will indeed freeze the UI.

You actually have to set the proxy settings inside the emulator himself, on the Android Wifi Settings.
This should solve your problem.


Why does apache block viewvc (error 403) with error "client denied by server configuration"?

The problem turned out to be that the CGI module is not enabled, so the ScriptAlias command wasn't working. The solution was:

$ sudo a2enmod cgi
$ sudo service apache2 restart

and refresh the browser.

I was also able to simplify the Apache config by removing the <Directory> parts:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin smith@localhost
    ServerName svn.example.com
    Alias /docroot /usr/share/viewvc/docroot
    ScriptAlias / /usr/lib/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    LogLevel warn
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Thanks to C. Michael Pilato for helping to point me in the right direction.


Is there a System Restore in Ubuntu Server?

No, but you can just apt-get remove ubuntu-desktop and apt-get autoremove to clean up the dependencies.


The Security Philosophy:

One who has physical access to the device, IS THE OWNER of the device, no matter what.

So what you want cannot be achieved in an absolute sense. Users could copy all your files with the read access, format the drive and gain full access, put in whatever they want and give it back to you!

You could format the drive as read only, then the drive would be read only for you as well.

See this thread for very interesting insights

https://www.techrepublic.com/forums/discussions/how-to-add-write-protection-to-flash-drives/

You'll also love to read this answer

https://askubuntu.com/a/842077


I would like to try kde (kubuntu) without losing any data and a possibility to revert back

KDE is using about 700MB of RAM. If you want something faster try Xubuntu or Lubuntu.

If you just want the Desktop environment, then install it with sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop. If you won´t like it, you can remove it with tasksel

sudo apt-get install tasksel
sudo tasksel

find Kubuntu desktop in the list and remove its selection. Read and confirm the prompts.
After this run sudo apt-get autoremove


Map AltGr-[a..z] and Shift-AltGr-[A..Z] to greek letter

This is a long answer. If you want a TL;DR version --- xmodmap is sort-of deprecated; layout switches will reset it; go to the section called "and finally, I did it" at the end for my solution.

I suppose you have your AltGr-something working already. It will depend on your keyboard configuration to have it activated or not. On my PCs, it works with Spanish and US-International but NOT on plain US keyboard.

The method I use is with xmodmap, but it works only partially: if it works or not  will depend on your layout and even then it will be reset every time you change layout. See later for the "real" (but complex) solution.

You can use xmodmap by following these steps:

1) In a terminal issue

xmodmap -pke > mykeydefs.lst

(extension and name free --- use what you like)

2) edit the file; you will see a bunch of lines like...

keycode   8 =
keycode   9 = Escape NoSymbol Escape
keycode  10 = 1 exclam 1 exclam bar exclamdown
keycode  11 = 2 quotedbl 2 at at oneeighth
keycode  12 = 3 periodcentered 3 numbersign numbersign sterling

These are your keyboard definitions. Find for example the entry for A:

keycode  38 = a A a A ae AE

This means that pressing this key you have "a", shift+key "A", etc... the interesting ones are the 5th and 6th (1), which are normally associated to ALtGr and Shift+AltGR. Pressing AltGR + A you should have the symbol "æ".

If you have more than 6 entries, try to see which ones are activate by your AltGR combination: for example, if you have

keycode  38 = a A a A ae AE aring Aring

and you have an å when pressing AltGr-A, the entry to modify will be the 7th and 8th...

3) change the line to

keycode  38 = a A a A Greek_alpha Greek_ALPHA

(capitalization is important). You can edit all the lines you want; it is better if you delete all the lines you left untouched. The list of all the symbols is here, but take into account that if they are visible or not depend on the font you are using, too. Save the file.

4) Reload the new mapping

xmodmap mykeydefs.lst

This command must be silent --- if it shows any error, the map is not loaded.

5) test it. Now pressing AltGr + a should give the symbol alpha (well, alpha letter greek in Unicode, really).

6) if it works, you can set the command in the list of your startup commands.

The real solution (hints at it, at least)

If the xmodmap method does not work, you'll need to edit your keyboard layout. I have found some interesting links:

An howto and a thread on creating your own keyboard layout.
A quite complete guide to the XKB system.
A blog entry on making local modifications to your layout.

And finally, I did it:

A little example of a direct modification to the system files (I could not find how to do that in your local ~/.xkb directory).
A nice configuration to have all the greek letters with a single modifier.

Footnotes:

(1) by the way, in all manuals and instructions around it is said the "mode_shift" chars should be the third and the fourth. Which on Ubuntu are not, and I can't really find any documentation with details. If anyone can point it to me, I will be grateful.


Why does Google think that Midori is Chrome?

Midori uses the WebKit rendering engine, and has a User-Agent which resembles an older Chrome User-Agent header. This is why Google is showing the update suggestion.


How to open a new terminal, execute a process in that terminal and pipe to the process?

How about a named pipe?

mkfifo /tmp/test.fifo
od -a /dev/urandom > /tmp/test.fifo

And in the new window:

cat /tmp/test.fifo | less

Or:

gnome-terminal -e "bash -c 'cat /tmp/test.fifo | less'"


gnome-control-center crash when clicking on Wifi 'gear' (network settings)

This helped in my case:
sudo apt install network-manager-gnome


use ecryptfs for Ubuntu One with an already encrypted home directory

As already stated ecryptfs is not a solution for my problem as my home folder is already encrypted by ecryptfs. Moving the "Ubuntu One" folder out of the home tree isn't a solution either as then the rest of the "Ubuntu One" content isn't encrypted anymore.

I've decided to use EncFS instead. Setting up en encrypted folder is pretty simple. But how to get it mounted automatically so applications can use it to store config files? There are some solutions:

pam_mount
gnome-encfs
autofs
afuse

I don't like idea 1 because I don't want to use the same password for EncFS as my login password.

Solution 2 I don't like on one hand because there's no apt package available for Ubuntu and on the other hand I don't want to have the EncFS folder only mounted just after logging in. If something fails or it the folder gets unmounted every subsequent access will fail.

Solution 3 just doesn't work. I've been using autofs for quite some time to mount CIFS shares and folders through sshfs but EncFS is just not supported. I've played around with several scripts to mount EncFS by autofs but that became too complex and error-prone.

So what I'm currently using is solution 4. Afuse is available as an apt package. Afuse automatically mounts the EncFS folder as soon the folder is accessed and unmounts it again after some idle time.

Here are the quick steps how to set everything up (maybe I add some details in future):

install afuse
create the "Ubuntu One" folder to store the encrypted content

Example:

  ~/Ubuntu\ One/.encrypted

create a folder as a top folder for afuse to mount folders within

Example:

  ~/.fuse

create some helper scripts
create an autostart entry in Gnome to launch afuse

The unencrypted EncFS folder gets mounted underneath ~/.fuse. In my case the folder with the unencrypted content is named U1Enc, therefore all data stays in ~/.fuse/U1Enc. For my convenience I created a link from ~/U1Enc to ~/.fuse/U1Enc to get there easier.

The ideas and helper scripts I found on several web sites. Here come the links:

  Automounting FUSE filesystems
  autofs: encfs over sshfs

I use the following scripts:

~/.afuse-fstab

U1Enc  encfs --ondemand --idle=5 --extpass="/home/xxx/.creds/U1.encfs.sh" /home/xxx/Ubuntu\ One/.encrypted %m

~/.creds/U1.encfs.sh (marked as executable and only accessable by the user themself)

#!/bin/sh
echo PASSWORD_FOR_ENCFS_IN_CLEARTEXT

~/bin/afuse-handler.pl (marked as executable and with ~/bin in $PATH)

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

$fstab="$ENV{HOME}/.afuse-fstab";
$afusedir=$ARGV[0];
$afuse_mountpoint=$ARGV[1];

print "afusedir:$afusedir\n";
print "afuse_mountpoint:$afuse_mountpoint\n";

system("logger -t afuse 1:$ARGV[0] 2:$ARGV[1]");

open(FSTAB, $fstab ) or die("Can not open afuse-fstab at $fstab\n");
while( <FSTAB> ) {
        if( /^$afusedir/ ) {
                s/[^\s\/]+[\s]*//;
                s/%r/$afusedir/g;
                s/%m/$afuse_mountpoint/g;
                chomp;
                $cmd = $_;
                print "$cmd\n";
                system($_) == 0
                        or die "execution of FUSE filesystem failed!\n"
                             . "command:$cmd\n"
                             . "reason:$?\n";
        }
}

and finally ~/bin/afuse.start.sh (marked again as executable) which I registered with Gnome/System/Settings to start afuse after log in

#!/bin/sh
afuse -o mount_template="/home/xxx/bin/afuse-handler.pl %r %m" -o unmount_template="fusermount -u -z %m" ~/.fuse

The last script launches afuse which starts the afuse-handler to mount the EncFS folder underneath ~/.fuse as soon it gets accessed. The afuse.handler itself checks the .afuse-fstab how to mount the folder. The EncFS password is echoed out by U1.encfs.sh so no user intervention is needed (as this file is stored in my home folder it get's encrypted by ecryptfs so I don't see there a big security issue).

Take care of different EncFS versions. On Natty currently EncFS version 1.7.4 gets installed. That doesn't play well with an older 1.6 version on Maverick. I had to update EncFS on Maverick to 1.7.4 as well (done this by pinning apt/preferences).


LCD monitor 2033 out of rang in ubuntu 13.04

Try passing the nomodeset option to the kernel when booting. Check this out for instructions on how to pass kernel parameters at boot-time.


If you need to increase the heap space for the Eclipse itself look for the eclipse.ini file in your Eclipse installation directory and change the value -Xmx1024m. For example, you can increase the heap space on 2GB with -Xmx2048m.


Error: "no such directory" when running click package on phone.

I went to my .pro file and found this:

#specify where the qml/js files are installed to
qml_files.path = /Poker-Puzzle
qml_files.files += $${QML_FILES}

changed it to this:

#specify where the qml/js files are installed to
qml_files.path = /Poker-Puzzle/QML/components
qml_files.files += $${QML_FILES}


The kind of output you are showing is normally due to a stuck key on your keyboard, you can test by using another one. Specifically, the ^[[2~ sequence is sent by Insert. So, you almost certainly have that particular key stuck.

You can try cleaning the Insert key, you can take the key cap off and clean behind it. If cleaning makes no difference, you will probably need to change keyboards.


I started from scratch and this time the download/install worked just fine.  The .wmv file could be opened inside Thunderbird.


I liked this solution, re-download the missing keys from the Ubuntu key server.

For Ubuntu

UBUNTU: Fixing GPG Keys in UBUNTU

In my case

 Reading package lists... Done
 W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net precise
 Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available:
 NO_PUBKEY 2EA8F35793D8809A

Here is the command to add the missing key mentioned in the error message.

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys 2EA8F35793D8809A

So I take the missing key 2EA8F35793D8809A and ask the keyserver.ubuntu.com to added it to the list of keys I have in apt.

For linux mint
Your key server is slightly different keyserver.linuxmint.com

sudo apt-key adv --recv-key --keyserver keyserver.linuxmint.com "missing key"

Alternative key servers to try
keyserver.ubuntu.com


Found this, it fixed my issue which sounded similar to yours.
https://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?f=139&t=125532

Huion are violating* a USB standard by skimping on naming their stuff, so look for the generic numbers for their tablets. This is the code for HUION New 1060 for example: HID 256c:006e Pad

xinput  # get the IDs for all relevant pieces of my tablet.

blah blah: HID 256c:006e Pad     id=17
there might/should be two devices, Pad and Pen.

xrandr  # get the names of my displays

look for the ones showing 'connected' like HDMI-A-0 connected
and maybe DisplayPort-2 connected

Then you tell xrandr to stick the id's to the screen you want Krita or Photoshop on, such as if you were using a HDMI port to main screen:

xinput map-to-output 13 HDMI-A-0
xinput map-to-output 14 HDMI-A-0

that was mine.
it resets after a reboot.  thanks to that user timotimo!


You need to specify DNS servers. When DHCP is enabled, your server gets this information automatically, which won't work with a static IP.


echo-cancel does not work after PulseAudio rebuild

Figured it out, at least in the main:

It is a specific deb building problem, not related to PulseAudio itself:

The RT_CONSISTENT assertion failure was caused by the missing dependency of module-echo-cancel.so:
ldd on this module shows libwebrtc-util.so => not found and according to debuild log this file was built, but not packaged to deb and so was not installed to the system
The default trusty PA package is built without support of WebRTC AEC (and that's why you don't need and don't install libwebrtc-util.so).
But I need exactly this kind of AEC and that's why I've installed the libwebrtc-audio-processing-dev package before rebuilding the PA. These WebRTC libs were caught by the PA configure script and the PA was built with WebRTC support, but during post-built steps not all required files were packaged to deb.
Now as a temporary measure I manually moved libwebrtc-util.so to its desired location. Later I'll find out how to fix building scripts to handle this case correctly and come back and update this answer.


bash file for managing public private and history of website

Here you're the script:

#!/bin/bash

day="$(date '+%d')"                # day=DD
moth="$(date '+%m')"               # month=MM (i.e. 04) If do you want to use it by name (i.e. April), use B ('+%B'), to use it's abbreviation (i.e. Apr), use b ('+%b).
year="$(date '+%Y')"               # year=YYYY, if do you want YY, then use lowercase y ('+%y')
path="history/$year/$month/$day"   # path="/history/$year/$month/$day/"

cd /www                            # Change current directory to /www
echo mkdir -p "$path"                   # Create the directory.
echo mv public_html "$path"             # Move the old data to the history
echo mv beta public_html                # Rename beta to public_html

Replace /www with your server's base path.
Replace public_html with the public folder.
Replace beta with your beta folder.

I've echoed all the "serious" lines. Run the program.
It will only echo the commands, not run them.
If all goes well, then remove all the echoes at the line begin and run again.


How to using a file as input to program starting from specific line in command?

Use sed or another tool to filter out the specific line and pipe it to the command. For example, the following will send only the 10th and 13th lines of the file to xmacroplay:

sed -n '10p; 13p' input.txt | xmacroplay "$DISPLAY" --starting_line=100 --ending_line=120

Or in awk:

awk 'NR == 10 || NR == 13' input.txt | xmacroplay "$DISPLAY" --starting_line=100 --ending_line=120

If, for some reason, you cannot use a pipe, use process substitution:

xmacroplay "$DISPLAY" --starting_line=100 --ending_line=120 < <(sed -n '10p; 13p' input.txt)


No, you don't need some other sotware, the problem is you can't get kinetic scrolling on a desktop unless you use some kind of trackpad or something.


How can I access and edit Ubuntu files from a Windows 7 partition?

The problem is that Windows isn't supported to read the Ubuntu drive. Windows can't read ext4. You need extra software to make it possible. You can try this: http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-read-ext3ext4-linux-partition-from-windows-7.html


Launcher, top Panel, and window decorations missing after 12.04 upgrade

First, try sudo apt-get -f install && sudo apt-get --reinstall install unity

Then, try unity --reset, followed by unity --replace; try doing this from the desktop and also from the console (switch via Ctrl-Alt-F1).


LAMP is working but I can't reach the local site \ site folder

After a good conversation, I believe it was the root directory that you missed out to upload.

From Ubuntu 14.04 onwards, Apache2 root defaults to /var/www/html not to /var/www as a simple cat the configuration file will shows.

cat /etc/apache/site-available/000-default.conf

Hope that helped!

Source: How do I change the root directory of Apache server


How to get the 'normal' Xubuntu/Xfce panel indicator?

Following indications from here:

Right-click on Xfce panel and navigate to “Panel -> Panel Preferences …. Under Items tab,  put “Indicator Plugin” right after the “Notification Area” plugin to improve consistency.
Tick the box after “Application Menus (Global Menu)” to hide the menus of VLC, Firefox etc (and let them appear normally in their application's window). Hiding session management might be also a good idea.
To change the order of the indicator plugin items, use the up-down arrows

Before or instead of that one may consider reseting the Xfce panel as indicated in a comment to the question -  the indicated link is this.


Is it possible to compile a kernel module under chroot?

Yes.

For Ubuntu you really just need the linux-headers-* packaged installed for the desired target. Here is an example Makefile that sets KDIR to a custom header location:

obj-m := example.o
KDIR := /usr/src/linux-headers-4.2.0-18-generic
PWD := $(shell pwd)
default:
        $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) modules
clean:
        $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) clean

This should work just the same inside a chroot.


Asks to update my laptop firmware, that's a first, can anything go wrong?

There is ALWAYS a risk with ANY firmware update that something can go wrong, especially if you don't let it update the way it's supposed to. That being said, I haven't seen any particular issues when I looked up the firmware mentioned here.

If you're paranoid, make sure the computer is plugged into a battery backup and have your most important files backed up on an external hard drive and with a reputable cloud service (google drive gives you 15GB free per account).

If I were you, I'd just update, I haven't really had many issues personally with Ubuntu hurting anything and I've run it on a couple of laptops, including my daily driver I rely on. Besides, keeping firmware up to date is very good for security, especially with all the Intel and AMD chip vulnerabilities being found these days.


This is how I did with Portecle version 1.11 and Ubuntu 18.04:

Download and unpack

Download the zip from the Sourceforge Portecle page.

Unpack the contents of a zip file on desired location, I prefer opt:

unzip portecle-1.11.zip
sudo mv portecle-1.11 /opt/
sudo ln -s /opt/portecle-1.11 /opt/portecle

Make it executable

To run .jar file easily you need, besides the Java runtime, the jarwrapper package which can be installed like this:

sudo apt-get install jarwrapper

Set the permission to execute the jar file:

chmod +x /opt/portecle/portecle.jar

For easy access, add it to PATH. If you don't have a ~/bin folder create it like this:

mkdir ~/bin
nano ~/.bashrc

Add a line last in the .bashrc:

export PATH=$PATH:~/bin

Re-read the file with:

source ~/.bashrc

(The idea of this ~/bin thing I borrowed from the How can I create a custom terminal command?)

Create a link to portecle in the folder:

ln -s /opt/portecle/portecle.jar ~/bin/portecle

If done correctly, you can start it from a terminal simply with:

portecle

Add to dash and launcher

To make Portecle searchable in the dash, link the icon and .desktop file to your profile:

ln -s /opt/portecle/icons/svg/portecle.svg ~/.local/share/icons/portecle.svg
ln -s /opt/portecle/net.sf.portecle.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/portecle.desktop

When started, you can right-click on its icon in the Ubuntu left panel (Launcher) and choose "Add to Favourites"/"Lock to Launcher" (depending on version).


Can I install ubuntu phone on samsung galaxy light using a Windows PC?

According to the list at this page your device is not supported.
Moreover, Ubuntu is necessary to make all the scripts and binaries working during the flashing procedures.
I guess it might be possible to disassemble al this stuff and make it working on windows, but it would require an enormous effort which is not necessary, just try with a virtual installation (look for virtualbox) or with Wubi


Can I Turn a Certain Version of Dolphin Emulator That Is Not Compatible With Ubuntu Into Something Usable on Dolphin?

which is not compatible with the online capabilities this specific
  version has.

The newest development builds of Dolphin do in fact have the netplay functionality that dc-netplay 4.0-652 does. As far as I know most netplay communities have since abandoned dc-netplay 4.0-652 as it is now considered obsolete.

If you still want to want to use it an option is to compile it from source.


Check Memory Consumed by packages in ubuntu 12.04

Download a python script named ps_mem.py From here http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/.

Now run the script:

sudo python ps_mem.py

The output will list all opened packages with its used memory:(this is a sample of mine)

$ sudo python ps_mem.py

Private  +   Shared  =  RAM used    Program

180.0 KiB +  14.0 KiB = 194.0 KiB   vnstatd
176.0 KiB +  22.5 KiB = 198.5 KiB   atd
196.0 KiB +  21.5 KiB = 217.5 KiB   cntlm
216.0 KiB +  23.0 KiB = 239.0 KiB   irqbalance
204.0 KiB +  36.0 KiB = 240.0 KiB   chrome-sandbox (2)
192.0 KiB +  50.0 KiB = 242.0 KiB   cat (2)
176.0 KiB +  70.0 KiB = 246.0 KiB   anvil
240.0 KiB +  29.0 KiB = 269.0 KiB   bicon.bin
196.0 KiB + 104.0 KiB = 300.0 KiB   sh (2)
272.0 KiB +  36.0 KiB = 308.0 KiB   cron
292.0 KiB +  20.0 KiB = 312.0 KiB   acpid
288.0 KiB +  38.0 KiB = 326.0 KiB   upstart-socket-bridge [updated]
304.0 KiB +  35.5 KiB = 339.5 KiB   rtkit-daemon
292.0 KiB +  61.0 KiB = 353.0 KiB   bmws
332.0 KiB +  26.5 KiB = 358.5 KiB   xinetd
292.0 KiB +  71.0 KiB = 363.0 KiB   log
344.0 KiB +  20.5 KiB = 364.5 KiB   gpg-agent
320.0 KiB +  56.0 KiB = 376.0 KiB   gnome-pty-helper (2)
364.0 KiB +  15.5 KiB = 379.5 KiB   ssh-agent
316.0 KiB +  82.5 KiB = 398.5 KiB   dovecot
364.0 KiB +  40.5 KiB = 404.5 KiB   upstart-udev-bridge [updated]
388.0 KiB +  37.0 KiB = 425.0 KiB   dnsmasq
300.0 KiB + 164.0 KiB = 464.0 KiB   pickup
348.0 KiB + 151.0 KiB = 499.0 KiB   master
420.0 KiB +  83.5 KiB = 503.5 KiB   dbus
472.0 KiB +  60.0 KiB = 532.0 KiB   xrdp-sesman
512.0 KiB +  20.0 KiB = 532.0 KiB   gbr3
504.0 KiB +  64.0 KiB = 568.0 KiB   gvfsd-burn
520.0 KiB +  50.5 KiB = 570.5 KiB   xrdp
552.0 KiB +  33.0 KiB = 585.0 KiB   bluetoothd
440.0 KiB + 166.0 KiB = 606.0 KiB   qmgr
528.0 KiB +  89.5 KiB = 617.5 KiB   geoclue-master
592.0 KiB +  97.5 KiB = 689.5 KiB   gvfs-afc-volume-monitor
660.0 KiB +  39.5 KiB = 699.5 KiB   usbsrvd
664.0 KiB +  91.0 KiB = 755.0 KiB   gvfs-gphoto2-volume-monitor
676.0 KiB +  86.0 KiB = 762.0 KiB   dbus-launch (2)
712.0 KiB +  82.0 KiB = 794.0 KiB   at-spi2-registryd
700.0 KiB + 115.5 KiB = 815.5 KiB   at-spi-bus-launcher
788.0 KiB +  90.0 KiB = 878.0 KiB   accounts-daemon
888.0 KiB + 152.0 KiB =   1.0 MiB   gnome-vfs-daemon
744.0 KiB + 299.5 KiB =   1.0 MiB   avahi-daemon (2)
336.0 KiB + 807.5 KiB =   1.1 MiB   udevd (3)
976.0 KiB + 174.0 KiB =   1.1 MiB   getty (6)
968.0 KiB + 183.0 KiB =   1.1 MiB   gvfsd (2)
960.0 KiB + 199.5 KiB =   1.1 MiB   sshd
  1.1 MiB + 149.5 KiB =   1.3 MiB   upowerd
  1.2 MiB +  97.0 KiB =   1.3 MiB   modem-manager
  1.1 MiB + 152.0 KiB =   1.3 MiB   gvfs-gdu-volume-monitor
776.0 KiB + 630.5 KiB =   1.4 MiB   nxd
  1.3 MiB + 108.0 KiB =   1.4 MiB   nmbd
  1.4 MiB +  45.0 KiB =   1.4 MiB   rsyslogd
  1.0 MiB + 400.0 KiB =   1.4 MiB   udisks-daemon (2)
  1.3 MiB + 175.0 KiB =   1.5 MiB   indicator-application-service
  1.4 MiB + 159.0 KiB =   1.5 MiB   dconf-service (2)
  1.5 MiB +  54.5 KiB =   1.5 MiB   init [updated]
  1.2 MiB + 397.0 KiB =   1.6 MiB   telepathy-logger
  1.4 MiB + 224.0 KiB =   1.6 MiB   whoopsie
  1.3 MiB + 356.5 KiB =   1.7 MiB   ubuntu-geoip-provider
  1.6 MiB + 112.5 KiB =   1.7 MiB   gvfsd-trash
  1.3 MiB + 488.0 KiB =   1.7 MiB   sudo
  1.8 MiB +  75.5 KiB =   1.9 MiB   freshclam
  1.6 MiB + 251.0 KiB =   1.9 MiB   cupsd
656.0 KiB +   1.2 MiB =   1.9 MiB   kdeinit4
  1.7 MiB + 220.5 KiB =   1.9 MiB   console-kit-daemon
  1.8 MiB + 109.0 KiB =   1.9 MiB   nacl_helper
  1.7 MiB + 247.5 KiB =   2.0 MiB   indicator-session-service
  1.7 MiB + 300.0 KiB =   2.0 MiB   unity-files-daemon
  2.2 MiB +  94.0 KiB =   2.3 MiB   polkitd
  2.2 MiB + 136.5 KiB =   2.3 MiB   gnome-keyring-daemon
  2.0 MiB + 378.0 KiB =   2.4 MiB   indicator-datetime-service
  2.4 MiB +  69.5 KiB =   2.5 MiB   gvfsd-metadata
  2.5 MiB +  88.5 KiB =   2.6 MiB   config
  1.2 MiB +   1.4 MiB =   2.6 MiB   winbindd (3)
  2.1 MiB + 440.5 KiB =   2.6 MiB   VBoxXPCOMIPCD
  2.4 MiB + 218.5 KiB =   2.6 MiB   gvfsd-http
  2.2 MiB + 506.0 KiB =   2.7 MiB   mission-control-5
  2.4 MiB + 335.0 KiB =   2.7 MiB   telepathy-salut
  2.5 MiB + 332.5 KiB =   2.9 MiB   gnome-fallback-mount-helper
  2.4 MiB + 548.0 KiB =   2.9 MiB   zeitgeist-daemon (2)
  1.2 MiB +   1.7 MiB =   2.9 MiB   klauncher
  2.9 MiB + 111.5 KiB =   3.0 MiB   arpwatch
  2.8 MiB + 376.5 KiB =   3.2 MiB   gdu-notification-daemon
  3.0 MiB + 220.5 KiB =   3.2 MiB   NetworkManager
  2.8 MiB + 452.0 KiB =   3.3 MiB   indicator-printers-service
  3.0 MiB + 378.5 KiB =   3.4 MiB   gnome-session
  3.0 MiB + 440.0 KiB =   3.5 MiB   gnome-screensaver
  3.3 MiB + 195.5 KiB =   3.5 MiB   timekpr
  2.8 MiB + 720.0 KiB =   3.5 MiB   lightdm (2)
  3.4 MiB + 161.0 KiB =   3.6 MiB   x2gocleansessio
  3.3 MiB + 233.0 KiB =   3.6 MiB   gvfsd-smb
  3.1 MiB + 605.0 KiB =   3.7 MiB   telepathy-indicator
  2.6 MiB +   1.4 MiB =   4.0 MiB   smbd (2)
  4.1 MiB + 234.0 KiB =   4.3 MiB   gconfd-2 (2)
  3.9 MiB + 685.0 KiB =   4.5 MiB   e-addressbook-factory
  4.0 MiB + 770.0 KiB =   4.7 MiB   pulseaudio
  3.3 MiB +   1.8 MiB =   5.0 MiB   goa-daemon
  3.8 MiB +   1.4 MiB =   5.2 MiB   zeitgeist-fts (2)
  5.6 MiB + 317.5 KiB =   5.9 MiB   indicator-sound-service
  5.6 MiB + 491.0 KiB =   6.1 MiB   bamfdaemon
  5.6 MiB + 458.5 KiB =   6.1 MiB   unity-lens-util
  5.4 MiB + 759.0 KiB =   6.1 MiB   nm-applet
  6.1 MiB +  64.0 KiB =   6.2 MiB   teamviewerd
  6.1 MiB + 603.0 KiB =   6.7 MiB   polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1
  5.8 MiB + 989.5 KiB =   6.8 MiB   VBoxSVC
  6.3 MiB + 582.5 KiB =   6.9 MiB   update-notifier
  6.5 MiB + 442.0 KiB =   7.0 MiB   unity-scope-cal
  6.3 MiB + 738.5 KiB =   7.0 MiB   notify-osd
  7.2 MiB +  38.0 KiB =   7.2 MiB   glusterd
  7.0 MiB + 433.0 KiB =   7.5 MiB   dbus-daemon (4)
  6.9 MiB + 625.0 KiB =   7.5 MiB   system-service-
  7.0 MiB + 522.5 KiB =   7.5 MiB   colord
  6.4 MiB +   2.2 MiB =   8.6 MiB   postgres (5)
  8.7 MiB + 552.0 KiB =   9.2 MiB   unity-lens-vide
  5.9 MiB +   3.3 MiB =   9.3 MiB   kded4
  3.3 MiB +   6.1 MiB =   9.4 MiB   monitorix-httpd
  8.7 MiB + 801.0 KiB =   9.5 MiB   bash (2)
  9.0 MiB + 577.5 KiB =   9.5 MiB   unity-scope-cit
  3.8 MiB +   6.1 MiB =  10.0 MiB   /usr/bin/monito
  9.7 MiB + 867.0 KiB =  10.5 MiB   indicator-timek
  3.9 MiB +   7.3 MiB =  11.2 MiB   apache2 (6)
 11.1 MiB + 602.5 KiB =  11.7 MiB   gtk-window-decorator
 11.8 MiB +   1.2 MiB =  13.0 MiB   nxclient.bin
 12.7 MiB + 835.0 KiB =  13.5 MiB   python2.7
 12.9 MiB +   1.2 MiB =  14.1 MiB   unity-applications-daemon
 14.3 MiB + 200.5 KiB =  14.5 MiB   twistd
 11.7 MiB +   3.0 MiB =  14.7 MiB   empathy
 13.5 MiB +   1.8 MiB =  15.4 MiB   gnome-terminal (2)
  3.1 MiB +  15.2 MiB =  18.2 MiB   bmcapture
 17.3 MiB +   2.5 MiB =  19.7 MiB   uget-gtk
 20.9 MiB + 336.5 KiB =  21.2 MiB   indicator-messages-service
 20.2 MiB +   1.1 MiB =  21.3 MiB   gnome-settings-daemon
 23.0 MiB + 718.0 KiB =  23.7 MiB   unity-music-daemon
 34.5 MiB + 314.0 KiB =  34.8 MiB   gvfs-fuse-daemon (2)
 39.0 MiB + 920.5 KiB =  39.9 MiB   unity-scope-vid
 41.4 MiB +  76.0 KiB =  41.5 MiB   mysqld
 40.1 MiB +   2.1 MiB =  42.2 MiB   nxnode.bin
 43.6 MiB +   1.0 MiB =  44.6 MiB   unity-panel-service
 45.1 MiB + 515.0 KiB =  45.6 MiB   ajenti-panel
101.0 MiB +   3.9 MiB = 104.9 MiB   nxserver.bin (2)
113.2 MiB +   5.4 MiB = 118.6 MiB   rhythmbox
122.6 MiB +   7.3 MiB = 129.9 MiB   okular
155.8 MiB +   1.7 MiB = 157.5 MiB   thunderbird
156.1 MiB +   2.4 MiB = 158.5 MiB   liferea
154.6 MiB +   5.4 MiB = 160.0 MiB   nautilus
228.7 MiB +  10.4 MiB = 239.1 MiB   Xorg
239.3 MiB +   1.3 MiB = 240.6 MiB   remmina
252.6 MiB + 169.5 KiB = 252.8 MiB   hud-service
365.8 MiB +   5.3 MiB = 371.0 MiB   compiz
381.1 MiB +  81.3 MiB = 462.3 MiB   chrome (15)
  3.6 GiB +  32.7 MiB =   3.7 GiB   VirtualBox (3)
---------------------------------
                          6.8 GiB
=================================

If you prefer GUI you can use the system monitor app. Search for it from your dash. Once open it move to the processes tab.


Trying to use a TEMPer USB Thermometer with Ubuntu

This worked for me on CentOS but it should be the same on Ubuntu.

First install with pip install temperusb (if this fails try pip2 install temperusb to explicitly request the usage of python2 pip)

Then you just run temper-poll and it will prints the current reading.


Keyboard modification behavior is erratic

The solution to the problem of being unable to turn off or control keyboard auto-repeat was to remove the keyboard from the TESmart HDMI KVM switch and plug it directly into the computer.  After that, everything was normal, including remapping Caps Lock to Ctrl.
For the record, TESmart support insists their HDMI switch cannot be the cause, yet it was literally the only change made.


how to install VC2012 using winetricks in Ubuntu

WineHQ database entry for Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable Package

Anything below Gold is a waste of time: It may or may not install and even if installed it won't work.

Bottom line: Don't waste your time.


upstart: error while loading shared library

Are you sure you needed this specific library?  I know many times people run into this issue is because they actually need libjson0, and sometimes they will get an ELFCLASS64 error and that is because they need the 32 bit version of the library instead of the 64 bit version.

For example :

sudo apt install libjson0:i386


Your search may have yielded no result because (as steeldriver commented) you didn't escape the $ , try searching for \$@ and you'll find the following under man bash – PARAMETERS – Special Parameters:

@  Expands to the positional parameters, starting from  one.   When
   the  expansion  occurs  within  double  quotes,  each  parameter
   expands to a separate word.  That is, "$@" is equivalent to "$1"
   "$2"  ...   If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word,
   the  expansion  of  the  first  parameter  is  joined  with  the
   beginning  part  of  the original word, and the expansion of the
   last parameter is joined with the  last  part  of  the  original
   word.   When  there  are  no  positional parameters, "$@" and $@
   expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed).

Unquoted it gets expanded to $1 $2 $3 … ${N}, quoted to "$1" "$2" "$3" … "${N}", which is what you want in most cases. This and the difference to $* is very good explained in the bash-hackers wiki.


How do I fix the missing reboot/shutdown issue in 13.10?

dconf reset -f "/home/yourusername/"

note: must use / in the end of the path

dconf is what holds all of the values and defaults factors for Unity thus, that's what controls the reboot/shutdown buttons.


Bookmark:
Configuration of the Network Manager via DBus: how to set the ad hoc mode

If using iwconfig to "activate the wifi via the command line" then it can make the mode Ad-Hoc.

Quoting from man iwconfig

Example :
                   iwconfig eth0 mode Managed        <-- often wlan0 not the0
                   iwconfig eth0 mode Ad-Hoc                  Freudian ... eth0

Generally the more low level and deeper one goes, the more manually labour intensive the effort becomes, defeating the whole concept and rationale of automation and computers.

However, to use DBus the "easiest" way might be with D-Feet's GUI or qdbus as described here and used below..  Note that argument types are limited in command line input to methods of qdbus and so the matching gdbus command or D-Feet maybe needed.

To get the correct argument values for the required methods, observe the influence of iwconfig, as above, or a working GUI Network Manager with:

dbus-monitor --system "interface='org.freedesktop.NetworkManager'"

while changing the mode paramemter between Ad Hoc and Infrastructure. This will provide the necessary clues for configuration directly on the DBus.
Thus,

qdbus --system --literal  org.freedesktop.NetworkManager

lists

/
/org
/org/freedesktop
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/AccessPoint
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/AccessPoint/1385
...
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/58
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/AgentManager
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/DHCP4Config
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/DHCP4Config/45
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/0
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/1        <- my wireless device
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/IP4Config
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/IP4Config/44
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/0
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/1
...
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/5
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/6

and

qdbus --system --literal  org.freedesktop.NetworkManager                 \
                         /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/1       \
                          org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.GetAll         \
                          org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Wireless \
| sed -e 's/, "/,\n"/g'

gives the wireless properties with mode in bold:

[Argument: a{sv} {"HwAddress" = [Variant(QString): "74:F0:6D:4B:8E:9B"],
"PermHwAddress" = [Variant(QString): "74:F0:6D:4B:8E:9B"],
"Mode" = [Variant(uint): 2],
"Bitrate" = [Variant(uint): 28900],
"ActiveAccessPoint" = [Variant: [ObjectPath: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/AccessPoint/1395]],
"WirelessCapabilities" = [Variant(uint): 127]}]

The pertinent methods in bold of

qdbus --system --literal org.freedesktop.NetworkManager /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager

are

method QString         org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable.Introspect()
method QVariantMap     org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.GetAll(QString interface)
method QDBusVariant    org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get(QString interface, QString propname)
method void            org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Set(QString interface, QString propname, QDBusVariant value)
method QDBusObjectPath org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.ActivateConnection(QDBusObjectPath connection, QDBusObjectPath device, QDBusObjectPath specific_object)
method QDBusObjectPath org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.AddAndActivateConnection(QDBusRawType::a{sa{sv}} connection, QDBusObjectPath device, QDBusObjectPath specific_object, QDBusObjectPath& active_connection)
method void            org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.DeactivateConnection(QDBusObjectPath active_connection)
method void            org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Enable(bool enable)
method QDBusObjectPath org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.GetDeviceByIpIface(QString iface)
method QList org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.GetDevices()
method QDBusRawType::a{ss} org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.GetPermissions()
method void            org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.SetLogging(QString level, QString domains)
method void            org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Sleep(bool sleep)
method uint            org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.state()
property read bool org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.NetworkingEnabled
property readwrite bool org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.WimaxEnabled
property read bool org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.WimaxHardwareEnabled
property readwrite bool org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.WirelessEnabled
property read bool org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.WirelessHardwareEnabled
property readwrite bool org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.WwanEnabled
property read bool org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.WwanHardwareEnabled
property read QList org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.ActiveConnections
property read QString org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Version
property read uint org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.State
signal void org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.CheckPermissions()
signal void org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.DeviceAdded(QDBusObjectPath)
signal void org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.DeviceRemoved(QDBusObjectPath)
signal void org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.PropertiesChanged(QVariantMap)
signal void org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.StateChanged(uint)

and of

qdbus --system --literal org.freedesktop.NetworkManager /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/1

are

method QString           org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable.Introspect()
method QVariantMap       org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.GetAll(QString interface)
method QDBusVariant      org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get(QString interface, QString propname)
method void              org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Set(QString interface, QString propname, QDBusVariant value)
method void              org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Disconnect()
method QList<QDBusObjectPath> org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Wireless.GetAccessPoints()
property read bool            org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.FirmwareMissing
property read bool            org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Managed
property read QDBusObjectPath org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.ActiveConnection
property read QDBusObjectPath org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Dhcp4Config
property read QDBusObjectPath org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Dhcp6Config
property read QDBusObjectPath org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Ip4Config
property read QDBusObjectPath org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Ip6Config
property read QDBusRawType::(uu) org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.StateReason
property read QString         org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Driver
property read QString         org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Interface
property read QString         org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.IpInterface
property read QString         org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Udi
property read uint            org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Capabilities
property read uint            org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.DeviceType
property read uint            org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Ip4Address
property read uint            org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.State
property read QDBusObjectPath org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Wireless.ActiveAccessPoint
property read QString         org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Wireless.HwAddress
property read QString         org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Wireless.PermHwAddress
property read uint            org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Wireless.Bitrate
property read uint            org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Wireless.Mode
property read uint            org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Wireless.WirelessCapabilities
signal void org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.StateChanged(uint, uint, uint)
signal void org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Wireless.AccessPointAdded(QDBusObjectPath)
signal void org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Wireless.AccessPointRemoved(QDBusObjectPath)
signal void org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.Wireless.PropertiesChanged(QVariantMap)


apt-get install with --assume-yes is still prompting me to install dependencies

Your problem is that the option should be before the packages, not after, this is the correct syntax:

apt-get <options> command package=version/release

So, for it to work it should be:

sudo apt-get --assume-yes install python-software-properties

apt-get is forgiving when mixing up command and options, but to err on the safe side, you should always use the options before the command and never put options or commands after the name of the package.


What networking packages does Ubuntu use?

The thing you are concerned about is not related to any userspace package, it's related to the Wi-Fi driver which is built into the kernel, so you should look for the differences between the kernels.

It could also be related to the power management; maybe your other distribution (or some of its packages) is trying to decrease your power usage, so they put your Wi-Fi in "powersaver" mode and thus you experience some instability.

However, Ubuntu comes with NetworkManager.


NVIDIA - Ubuntu 20.04 - HDMI second monitor with blank screen, but xrandr detects it [Bug reported on Launchpad and freedesktop's gitlab]

In the file /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-nvidia.conf, add the line:
Option "PrimaryGPU" "Yes"

In the file /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-amdgpu.conf, change the line
from
Driver "amdgpu"

to
Driver "modesetting"`


Upgrading from 9 to 13, do I have to go through minor versions?

You can upgrade from LTS to LTS so in theory you could do:

9.04 → 9.10 → 10.04 → 12.04 → 12.10 → 13.04

I'm not sure if the 9.10 repo still exists though as it's been decommissioned for a couple of years already so that may throw a massive spanner in the works.

But even if it did, that amount of bandwidth and the time spent unzipping all those updates... You'd be better off just with a clean install. It's faster and means there's much less chance of running into dodgy configuration issues (which shouldn't happen, but occasionally do).

Another idea is to get to 12.04 and use one of the HWE stacks to get a fresher kernel, driver and graphics stack. I'm not sure what you're after exactly but 12.04 is solid and it gives you a simple upgrade path to 14.04 in 7 months time.


Where are the OpenCV development libraries installed?

Please install libopencv-dev first.

The library/header files are the in /usr/include/opencv2.


What unique features has Ubuntu brought to the Linux community?

My personal opinion is that Canonical and Ubuntu biggest contribution to the Linux Community is LaunchPad.net itself.

The ease to which developers can rapidly produce testing packages, from a myriad of indicators, to the latest 'cutting-edge' software which can be easily added to Ubuntu and any Debian based distro is simply amazing.  Filing accurate bug reports are so simple - and are often answered by the smaller developers is more than I've encountered on sites such as bugzilla and sourceforge.

It wasnt that long ago when you had to get busy with the command line to compile your own software.

Thank-fully those days are now over.


Finding Document Properties in a pdf file with right clicking

In Ubuntu 18.04 open your pdf and select the menu in the top right hand corner:

From the menu select Properties

Not a right click as requested but the way to get properties all the same. The right click performs a different function.


Why does gmusicbrowser not integrate well with the sound menu?

My answer is based on Ubuntu 12.04, but should work as well with 11.10.

Gmusicbrowser (1.1.9) contains mpris2 (do not use mpris1, since the soundmenu requires mpris2), notifications, and gnome multimedia keys integration as a plugins:

When those plugins are activated, full soundmenu/notification/gnome integration is there:

This works perfectly (inlcuding starting gmusicbrowser via the sound menu, as often as you want per session).

If this does not work for you in your setup, then you should report it as a bug. The developer of gmusicbrowser (Quentin Sculo) is very active in fixing bugs: The gmusicbrowser site states:

  Feel free to mail me (in english or french) any
  comments/suggestions/bugs (please include "gmusicbrowser" or "gmb" in
  the subject), post them in the forums, or ask them in irc
  (#gmusicbrowser on freenode.net, be patient for anwsers).


Warning during update: cryptsetup: WARNING: failed to detect canonical device of /dev/sda1

errors-remount-ro means that if errors are encountered the partition will be mounted read-only in order to avoid damage so you'll have the opportunity to fix the problems. This usually happens when there are hard disk problems. Don't change this setting. I have done this once and it turned out to be a pretty bad idea.
none means in your situation 'no mount point'. So /dev/sda5 which is your swap file as indicated in the column 'type' is not mounted at all and the system is not using it. If your system is low on memory this might affect the performance otherwise you wouldn't probably notice it.


Problem in configuration of Micromax MMX 355G in Ubuntu 12.04

Open terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and write this code:-

sudo gedit /etc/modules

Press enter

It will ask for your password, put it and press enter

then write these lines

usbserial press enter

option press enter

Save the file and close gedit.

Now restart your system.

After it open terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and write

sudo modprobe usbserialenter,

give your password, press enter then type

sudo modprobe optionpress enter.

Close the terminal.
Now connect your modem with the usb port.
Wait for few second, and you are done.


Ubuntu internet not working with lower Wi-Fi signal levels

According to b43 driver wiki this adapter is supported by b43 driver.

You can install firmware for this adapter by running

sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

And you can activate b43 driver by

sudo modprobe -r brcmsmac bcma
sudo modprobe b43

After that lspci -k | grep 0280 -A2 should show b43 as Kernel driver in use.

If this driver works better, then I will add how to make it permanent.


How do I detect my GPU after fresh install?

To get information about the GPU, you can run the commands:

sudo lshw -c display
lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 VGA

The open source driver "nouveau" is used for nVidia cards by default.
The driver should be mentioned in the output of both commands. If the output of the first one mentions "UNCLAIMED", then there is no driver in use.


You have installed with a 30 GB root partition (/, sdb6) for the system files, and a separate 261 GB partition for home (sdb5). In such setup, all your user data will go into the separate home partition, which provides plenty space.

Ubuntu typically needs no more than 10-12 GB for system files (/). 30 GB is plenty for a system partition if you have a separate home partition.

You are now at 18 GB, which is relatively much. This could be due to many old kernels still remaining on the system, or on large log files. Or perhaps other than Ubuntu system files have been put at some time on that partition 30 GB for a separate home partition is plenty. You may want to examine the contents of that partition sdb6 using a tool such as Disk Usage Analyzer to see what might be causing this larger disk space use.

It might be wise to do that from a live session, started from an installation CD or USB. Perhaps, some old user data is present in the /home folder on the system partition sdb6. Since currently, your separate /home (sdb5) partition is mounted on that folder, the contents that might be in there are currently obscured. When you work from a live session, nothing will be mounted on the folders of your system partition (sdb6).


Ubuntu won't boot beyond tty1 screen (with errors)

Looks like your package system is broken

Download a new Sources List from here http://repogen.simplylinux.ch/

delete your old sources.list

  sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list

Then copy the new one to

  sudo cp /"where ever you put the file"/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list

Then run

sudo apt-get update

Hope this helps with your failed to fetch errors


GRUB corrupted after update of an OS in another partition

Just boot to Ubuntu if you can and Update Grub

sudo update-grub

Reboot. This should correct the problem.


The script is broken, it has an unneeded line break at the section:

 stop)
 echo -n
 "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"

It should be

 stop)
 echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"


How to use INSERT INTO with variables in python

The following works on my version of Python. In my opinion, there is a problem with the string. Update your cur.execute() accordingly.

>> Table = "Kutta"

>> Column = "Says"

>> Value = "Bhow"

>> FINAL_STRING = "INSERT INTO " + Table + " (" + Column + ") VALUE (" + Value + ")"

>> FINAL_STRING

'INSERT INTO Kutta (Says) VALUE (Bhow)'


How do I migrate an Ubuntu installation to a home folder partition?

Edit: one important step was missing.

The following procedure should work:

Remove the system files of 11.04 (warning: this will remove all programs and data that are not in your home folder)

a. In 11.10, open a terminal

b. Run sudo nautilus

c. Mount the 11.04 partition

d. Delete everything except your home folder from that partition
Update grub

a. Now, run sudo update-grub

b. Reboot
If you have any files in the 11.10 home, move it to the other partition (the one that was 11.04)
Move the personal folders to the partition root. In the partition that will be your home folder, you need to move the folders to the partition root. If you have /media/DISK-ID/home/user, you need to move it to /media/DISK-ID/user.

a. Open a terminal and run cd /media/YOUR-DISK-ID/home

b. Move everything from here to the parent folder: sudo mv * ..

c. Remove the empty home folder: cd .. ; sudo rmdir home
Update you fstab

a. Run sudo df -h

b. See the partition name of the your new home (it must be something like /dev/sdaX where X is a number)

c. Run sudo gedit /etc/fstab

d. Add the following line to it:

/dev/sdaX /home           ext4    defaults        0       0

e. Reboot


For people migrating from Windows XP LXDE or MATE desktop enviromments would be the easiest ones to learn as they use very similar appearance.

Consequently Lubuntu (LXDE using OS) or Ubuntu MATE (MATE using OS) will be the best choice.

Xubuntu using XFCE is also worth trying.

The lightest in terms of hardware requirements is Lubuntu. Go for Lubuntu 14.04 - It is the latest stable version which is going to be supported for 5 years. (Until 2019)
Here are the minimum supported requirements of Lubuntu 14.04 according to Ubuntu wiki:

266 MHz processor;
128 MB;
3 GB hard drive;
no fancy graphics

A more usable system would have:

512 MHz processor or faster, 32 or 64 bits;
512 MB of RAM;
6 GB hard drive;
no fancy graphics

Ubuntu MATE 14.04 LTS is also supported until 2019, but not from Canonical. It is not official Ubuntu flavour yet and receives support only from its team.
Ubuntu MATE 14.04 hardware requirements

Xubuntu is another good option for older computers, though it is a bit ''heavier'' than Lubuntu. See here for requirements:  Xubuntu.org

Bear in mind most Linux distros allow you to try the system before installing. When you boot from the installation disc you will have two choices : Try or Install

You may choose the Try option to test the OS. You will be able to see if it will be suitable for your hardware and of course your taste. Try and choose. And Best Luck with Ubuntu.


How to run script at startup that requires a password?

I have a server A and my raspberry pi B. People have access to B but not to A. In other words server A is on the cloud whereas the raspberry pi is on an office building. This are the steps to solve the problem:

Generate a public and private key on server A.

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
Install SSH on rapberry pi B and place the public key generated on step 1 (id_rsa.pub) into

/root/.ssh/authorized_keys

(not that authorized_keys is a file NOT a directory and it contains the public key)
Permit ssh login ONLY using RSA on B

PasswordAuthentication no
 RSAAuthentication yes
 AuthorizedKeysFile   /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
Now A can access B without storing any passwords on B

ssh -i </path/to/privateKey> root@raspberryPiIpAddress
So when B boots it will send a notification to A. A then will crate a secure ssh connection into B. A will send the commands that needs to be executed by B through ssh.


My script runs fine when I run it from the terminal but it doesn't work with cron. Why?

cron jobs do not run under the X window system, and do not normally access GUI objects.

However, you can cheat.

In a terminal, running under the GUI:

xhost +localhost

echo "export DISPLAY=\"$DISPLAY\"" >$HOME/.display

And, near the beginning of the cron job:

source $HOME/.display

Read man xhost.


How can I add this "not assigned" partition to SDA6?

You will need to move /dev/sda3 (and its contents /dev/sda6 and /dev/sda7) right after /dev/sda2; this will take a long time and is risky so do backup your important data in /dev/sda6. Then you can delete the swap partition /dev/sda7, recreate it at the end of the disk, and expand /dev/sda6 to fill in the free space which should then be after it.


How to assign administratives rights/privileges to a user?

Terminal Method

Open a terminal with CTRL+ATL+T keys combo and

Bare minimum you need to issue the following command:

sudo usermod -a -G sudo USERNAME

Replace USERNAME with the username of the user you want to promote.

sudo will ask for the password of the already existing administrator.

On my particular system, I am a member of the following groups:

usermod -a -G adm,cdrom,sudo,dip,plugdev,lpadmin,sambashare USERNAME

Mostly a copy paste from a question I bountied on SuperUser here.

If you upvote this answer, please go upvote that one.  It deserves it, as it is more correct than the more heavily upvoted and accepted answer.

GUI Method

Login from the user who is already administrator, then click on Dash (Ubuntu icon up left) write user and click on User Accounts

Then unlock by clicking the appropriate button and giving the administrator's password.

Last, click on the user you want to promote and change from Standard to Administrator.


Cannot seem to get 18.04 to install on HD of PC

According to a Google search your computer probably uses an NVIDIA GeForce GTX 760. Most of the black screen issues from Nvidia is because there needs to be nouveau.modeset=0 added to GRUB to boot. You can add it to yours by pressing esc right when it boots up but only once. Then you should see a menu where you press e to edit.

The line in particular to change:

  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nouveau.modeset=0"

Once you've installed you need to do it again when booting into the system and add edit it for the final time so that it's a default boot mode.


The Audigy RX has an internal resampler, so as far as the driver is concerned, the hardware indeed supports all sample rates.

The default target sample rate is 48 kHz. If you want to prevent applications from using any other rate, add this device to /etc/asound.conf or your ~/.asoundrc:

pcm.only48k {
    type hw
    card 0
    device 0
    rate 48000
}

pcm.!default = only48k


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Default Drivers Removed?

The driver for your device is iwlwifi. This driver and it's associated components are included in their entirety in each successive kernel version; for example:

/lib/modules/3.19.0-15-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/iwlwifi/iwlwifi.ko
/lib/modules/3.19.0-16-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/iwlwifi/iwlwifi.ko
/lib/modules/4.0.1-040001-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/iwlwifi/iwlwifi.ko

You can test by rebooting, getting the GRUB menu and selecting an earlier kernel version than the very latest: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2

You can also try reinstalling the current kernel version, known in Ubuntu as linux-image:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-`uname -r`

Those backticks are on the left side of my keyboard on the same key with ~.

Some Intel wireless devices can be tricky to get working smoothly. If this doesn't resolve your issue, I will edit my answer to propose other steps.


Can't install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7 because it says I have multiple operating systems

Click on the advanced install and your hard drive partition information will appear. You could have a recovery partition that is preventing Ubuntu from automatically making a partition for you. Post the hard drive info that the advanced installation option reports if you want some help deciding how to install.


Is there a cataloging software that links with Goodreads?

calibre is a free and open source e-book library management
  application developed by users of e-books for users of e-books. It has
  a cornucopia of features divided into the following main categories:

  Library Management

  calibre manages your e-book collection for you. It is designed around
  the concept of the logical book, i.e., a single
  entry in your library that may correspond to actual e-book files in
  several formats.

  calibre can sort the books in your library by: Title, Author, Date
  added, Date published, Size, Rating, Series, etc.1

You can install it fro the Ubuntu Software center.

1Source: goodreads.com


Google Earth - Difference between versions?

EC stands for Enterprise Client
Pro obviously for Professional

They just add some features you can use with Google Earth. The standard version is all about Looking around, the Pro Version adds Features like Measuring Areas instead of straight lines only, the pictures also have a higher resolution. GE EC is something in between


I mount a 2nd disk with the following line in /etc/fstab: (Note: Your UUID= value Will Be Different - use lsblk --output="NAME,FSTYPE,MOUNTPOINT,LABEL,UUID")

UUID=362254e8-2b99-442d-8ad9-4a348bc08032 /home/w3/mnt/SP ext4 nodev,nosuid,noexec,noauto,user,rw 0 0

I have to use the noauto, and issue mount ~/mnt/SP after login, because I have an encrypted $HOME, and /home/w3/mnt/SP does not exist earlier.

I also don't want the disk mounted at all times. Since you do, you could put this in your ~/.bashrc:

if [[ $(mountpoint -q $HOME/Videos; echo $?) != 0 ]] ;
then
    mount $HOME/Videos
fi


Translated message:

Well maybe it's a driver or a problem with PulseAudio. Make sure the package pulseaudio is installed.

Original:

Pues quizás se trate de algún driver o algún problema con PulseAudio :|
Comprueba que el paquete "pulseaudio" esté instalado :P


Upgrade Ubuntu 18.04 to 20.04 error: Fetching the file failed

I have the same problem. By changing all the us.archives to cn.archives, I finally managed to upgrade to 20.04 LTS. (PS I am living in mainland China.)