How to mount ftp mounted .iso file to ubuntu

I got the answer for this quiz, (https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/465764/how-to-mount-ftp-mounted-iso-file-to-ubuntu/465786#465786)
curlftps is userspace, mount loopback is kernelspace. Kernel can't see the userspace mounted file. Use fuseiso for mounting which is a userspace based solution. Thanks mate, it works.

sudo apt install fuseiso
modprobe fuse
sudo mkdir /mnt/iso
fuseiso -p /mnt/test/CentOS-7.iso /mnt/iso/


Delete the parent folder keeping the contained files?

cd /folder1/folder2/
mv * ../
cd ../

Now check the contents of the folder:

ls

Then use this command to delete the directory. It is completely safe since it will only delete empty directories:

rmdir folder2/


How do I change my screensaver in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS?

As I am using 16.04 ubuntu, dont see any option of screen saver. if you really want any screenserver option you will have to download xscreensaver.


How to prevent the screen lock while watching video (Netflix, Youtube, Amazon Prime) in Ubuntu 17.10

The reason that this does not work any more is because 17.10 is the first ubuntu release that uses wayland as its display server. It looks like preventing screen lock is an entirely missing feature in Xwayland.

It has been filed as a bug in Ubuntu and hopefully will be fixed soon. If you're affected by this bug, please click the launchpad link below and click "Does this bug affect you?" to increase the bug priority.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/chromium-browser/+bug/1697373

As a workaround, you could also select "GNOME on X.org" as your session type when logging on.

There is also a bug in chromium, but it seems to apply only for google hangouts sessions:

https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=783737


How can I prevent my NVidia Jetson TK1 from automatically booting the GUI (black screen after a software-update crash), and bring it back to normal?

I was able to get to the command line using Ctrl+Alt+F1.

Then, I was able to follow one user's instructions on this thread.  It was not necessary to recover the system from USB.

In your /home/ubuntu/ folder there will be a folder NVIDIA-INSTALLER containing the release.  Go to this directory and extract it.

sudo -i
tar xvjf Tegra124_Linux_R19.3.0_armhf.tbz2

Do the following to change the LDK ROOTFS DIR (not sure what that is, but this works ...)

export LDK_ROOTFS_DIR=/
echo ${LDK_ROOTFS_DIR}

Go to the Linux For Tegra directory and run this script:

cd Linux_for_Tegra
./apply_binaries.sh

Confirm your success (I got all OK's):

sha1sum -c /etc/nv_tegra_release

On sudo reboot my GUI loaded after a slightly longer than normal black screen (for suspense obviously).


Cannot install Ubuntu in VirtualBox due to "this kernel requires an x86-64 CPU, but only detects an i686 CPU, unable to boot" error

To be able to run a 64-bit OS in Virtual Box we have to make sure the virtual machine's architecture is set to 64-bit too.

Choose Ubuntu 64-bit in General -> Basic settings on creation of your VM

In addition, for running 64-bit guests it is recommended to enable the Input/Output APIC in the System -> Motherboard settings for your virtual machine:

In the System -> Acceleration tab we may want to enable the hardware virtualization features VT-x/AMD-V of your CPU.

On the host system we may have to enable hardware virtualization in the BIOS.

In some systems a host BIOS option to prevent non-trusted execution needs to be turned off (source).


Not "safe" at all. Running a command terminal as root makes everything you do (including mistakes) Very Powerful, and when you try (intentionally or not) to do something dumb, you're not protected by the restrictions placed on non-root users.

Programs generally should not require root to run (the exceptions are programs that manipulate the system state: mount/unmount disks, install software, shutdown, etc). From the sparse information in your question, it sounds like you have a permissions problem. Figuring out, and solving the permissions problem should be your first step, running as root should be the infinitely last step (there must be another way)


How do I use Brasero to burn a movie in DVD format?

That's right. Brasero does not make DVDs. However there are many tools around that work fine. I'd recommend DeVeDe (see multiverse) for easy doing so. Or, alternatively any other video authoring software.


Add a shell script with sudo to launcher as shortcut in Ubuntu 19.10

This .desktop-file works if you have an entry in sudoers:

my_username_here ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/local/sbin/turbo-boost.sh

Make sure, you add an entry Path and GenericName and put it in this location: /usr/share/applications/toggle-turbo-boost.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=true
Name=toggle turbo-boost
Icon=/usr/share/icons/Humanity/apps/64/gkdebconf-icon.svg
Exec=sudo /usr/local/sbin/turbo-boost.sh toggle
X-MultipleArgs=false
Categories=GNOME;GTK;
StartupNotify=true
GenericName=Toggle Turbo-Boost
Path=/tmp/

It is not possible to click on it in nautilus, but you can search for i in the dash:

press SUPER and search for "Toggle Turbo Boost", you will see the icon.
press ENTER to execute, or right click to "Add to Favorites" which will add a button in the quick-start bar.


The output of netstat -rn should show something like:

$ netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.100.1   0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 eth0
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U         0 0          0 eth0
192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eth0

You should have all 3 lines - a default route, a link local route, and a local subnet route.


Does packages.ubuntu.com provide a search API?

As commented by muru, everything in Ubuntu is on Launchpad. Launchpad's API can also be used to search for package releases. To give an example:

package libtry-tiny-perl at packages.ubuntu.com
package libtry-tiny-perl at Launchpad
package libtry-tiny-perl at Launchpad API (limited response)

To get API response as JSON, use curl:

$ curl https://api.launchpad.net/devel/ubuntu/+source/libtry-tiny-perl

Package releases can be queried with query parameter
source_nameat base URL https://api.launchpad.net/1.0/ubuntu/+archive/primary?ws.op=getPublishedSources&&exact_match=true, for instance:

$ curl 'https://api.launchpad.net/1.0/ubuntu/+archive/primary?ws.op=getPublishedSources&source_name=libtry-tiny-perl&exact_match=true'

The API documentation is a bit complicated, even with the official API client launchpadlib so it took me some time to find out. The Ubuntu version of a package release is given in field distro_series_link.


Run sudo -H gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/50-huawei-e1552.rules

And paste to the editor these lines

SUBSYSTEM=="usb",
ATTR{idVendor}=="12d1",
ATTR{idProduct}=="1446",
RUN+="/lib/udev/modem-modeswitch -v 0x%s{idVendor} -p 0x%s{idProduct} -t option-zerocd"

Save the file.

Then run in terminal

sudo service udev restart

After that you will be able to crate a new connection in Network Manager.


Is it okay to use multiple package managers?

My understanding is Synaptic and Ubuntu Software Center use the same underlying commands as apt-get and dpkg to do the actual management and installation. One test is to install a program using one method (say apt-get) and verify that it shows up in Sofware Center and Synaptic database as installed.

In other words, Synaptic and Ubuntu Software Center are graphical front ends for the relevant command line tools.

Using any of these should be fine.

See this forum post for a similar discussion.


Unable to boot from USB on Windows after removing dual booted linux

You might try booting into bios and give preference to usb in the boot menu to boot first, save and exit, see if it helps.


How to install Acrobat professional 8 using wine in ubuntu 12.04

1. WINE WAY

First of all, I would update wine to newer version...but that might not be necessary.

You need Windows (at least in VM)
running copy of Adobe Pro 8 on that copy of windows (That's because there is some bug, which prevents wine to copy files to desired directory and you need to do it manually)

You need to copy a few registry entries from there for Acrobat to work.
        HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE -> Software -> Adobe
        Right click on the Adobe folder and select Export, and name this file acrobat.reg.
If you did not configure wine already, Run the following to create your own .wine folder.

winecfg (make sure to run winecfg from the command line if you make any changes or updates to wine)

The Windows regedit export file you just created, "acrobat.reg", is a native windows app and has a few Windows based dependencies. You need to use winetricks from the command line to install these. Execute the following (or use GUI, whatever suits you more):

winetricks msxml6
winetricks gdiplus
winetricks gecko
winetricks vcrun2005
winetricks vcrun2008
winetricks msxml3
winetricks atmlib

Copy the following files from the Windows installation into the .wine directory on Linux.

C\Program Files\Adobe\ ----> $HOME/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/Adobe
C\Program Files\Common Files\Adobe ----> $HOME/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/Common Files/Adobe
C\Documents and Settings\$USER\Application Data\Adobe ----> $HOME/.wine/drive_c/users/$USER/Applications Data/Adobe
C\windows\system32\odbcint.dll ----> $HOME/.wine/drive_c/windows/system32/odbcint.dll

Once that's done, copy over your acrobat.reg file from your Windows machine to your home directory and execute the command below.

wine regedit acrobat.reg

That will import the registry entries into the wine registry.

To test it out, go to go to Home -> .wine -> drive_c -> Program Files -> Adobe ->Acrobat with your favorite shell and right click on the Acrobat.exe and select "Open with Wine".

There is also way with patching wine source, so it bypasses that bug with copying problem, but I guess this might be easier!

I've made version 10 working with similar steps

2. VB SEAMLESS MODE WAY

Install VB with extensions (https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads)
Install Windows on it (I have used Tiny XP rev 11 because it runs on 100 mb of RAM + it's fast and we don't want windows to take more... quick google search should do)
Install Guest Additions (So we can make shared folder (etc.) work)
If you are not able to get your resolution higher even after installing Guest Additions try switching between full screen Host + F, seamless mode Host + L and Auto resize Host + G - did the trick for me
install Adobe Acrobat Pro as you would normally do on Windows
set windows task bar to auto hide, after that go to Machine -> Settings -> General -> Advanced and check Show Mini Toolbar in Seamless Mode.
Unmount Guest Additions as it would cause issues, because of what we're going to do (I've tried)
run your application
press Host + L to get to seamless mode
Now we're going to save machine state, not power it off (click X on VB minitoolbar or press Host + Q), that's because it starts with your application opened and in seamless mode by default (just let it switch on the next run and select "don't show this message again"), I'm sure that it is possible to start application on VM startup (probably msconfig) with seamless mode, without need of saving machine state, but for me that is good enough. Make sure you unmount Guest Additions before this step as it would make your VM inaccessible (it's fixable, but why bother...)

Now for the desktop entry (if you have any trouble with it check: Creating a .desktop file for a new application):

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Adobe Acrobat Pro
Exec=VBoxManage startvm "name-of-your-vm"
Icon=path/to/your/desired/icon
Type=Application
StartupWMClass=VirtualBox
Categories=Office;

It probably loads a little slower than via WINE, but this way it's more stable I guess. Plus it can be used for ANY application

It will look something like this(you can theme both wine and VM):


What wireless mice work well with Ubuntu?

Here's a list of mice that were certified to work under Ubuntu:

Mouse Components (in Wayback Machine)


I use Diodon (available from the Software Centre). It keeps a clipboard history of strings that you can access at any moment by pressing Ctrl+Alt+V; you can then select which entry to insert using the arrow keys. You can also change the key combination from Ctrl+Alt+V to something else.


first and for all you need to check if forwarding packets is allowed on your system:

cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

or

sysctl ipv4_forward

This should have the value of '1'. if not (sudo or as root):

echo '1' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

and to make the change permanent you can uncomment net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 in /etc/sysctl.conf. Once this has been done you can further test your iptables settings (I presume that it will work after that minor change ;-)). Since you said that you where new to this I've placed a description of the rule under each rule hoping it all makes a bit sense to you.

iptables -P INPUT DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD ACCEPT

This will drop all traffic except traffic that matches the rules that are defined. -P INPUT DROP can be stated as the first rule whereas -A INPUT DROP has to be the last.
The next 2 rules will allow outgoing connections and forwarding.

iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

Allow loopback (127.0.0.1) traffic

iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELEATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

This will allow all packets that have state RELATED (A new secondary connection f.e. FTP) or ESTABLISHED (packets for this connection has been seen in both directions f.e. HTTP traffic).

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ethx -j MASQUERADE

nat because you probably are natting , masquerade the packet going OUT of interface ethx. F.e.: WAN side is on eth1 and lan on eth0 so ethx would be eth0. This is on the POSTROUTING.

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 3306 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.100:3306

this is the actual forwarding.

So basicly your iptables rules where OK, you probably just forgot the ip_forward setting.


Why isn't fglrx using the full area of one of the two monitors?

With some more digging around in Catalyst Control Center, I found the "Adjustments" tab for each monitor has a Scaling Options slider.   This allowed me to resize the raster on the one monitor.   There's a faint Moire pattern, some kind of pixel-level imperfectness, as compared to the other monitor, but overall this solves the problem.


Nightmare trying to install Ubuntu 15 alongside Windows 8

Well
First you will have to make a bootable usb/cd .

You can easily do it with the help of a programme named rufus for windows it is very small.

Then you will have to plug in the usb/cd containing ubuntu to your device and after that restart your computer and on the screen , below the logo of the company of your computer you will see two options , one will be named 'change boot device order' or something like that , open it and change the order of booting by placing the device containing ubunu at the top .

Now when your pc turns on it will startup with ubuntu and you can easily install it .

Try to install it and at the step where you encounter any problem , comment and I(or someone else) will surely help you.


I had the same issue on my Acer. Go to your BIOS page (mine was pressing f2 on startup) go to main and look for touchpad change it from advanced to basic and that should solve your problems.


In order to download files through any torrent client you need to find the .TORRENT (hosted on many websites)

You do not need to use the uTorrent client, as with most Linux builds (I'm aware of) the Transmission BitTorrent Client is already installed.

Here's a how to for starters.
[https://www.wikihow.com/Download-With-uTorrent]


change gtk theme on schedule with cron ubuntu 18.04

See this answer about changing a desktop background and how to connect to DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS

Background not changing using gsettings from cron


Both "Seamless Mode" and "Auto-Resize Guest Display" are advanced features from Virtual Box that are provided from the Guest Additions. These may have been deactivated and need to be reinstalled.

See this questions on details how to install Virtual Box guest additions in Ubuntu:

How do I install Guest Additions in a VirtualBox VM?

Usually the guest additions CD will be mounted from the menu entry Devices -> Install Guest Additions in Virtual Box Manager. For a manual installation the guest additions CD can also be found in Mac OS as follows:

  you can find this file in the application bundle of VirtualBox. (Right click on the VirtualBox icon in Finder and choose Show Package Contents. There it is located in the Contents/MacOS folder.)Virtual Box User Manual

For recommended procedures to install Virtual Box in MacOS also read more in the Virtual Box User Manual.


Kubuntu 11.10 running slow and kwin using over 90%

I've got it working again with a combination of upgrading to KDE 4.8, adding the xorg-edgers PPA and disabling the "Use OpenGL 2 shaders" option.


Unable to run Tor even in terminal, Vidalia exit code 127

You don't need root permissions to open dbus/machine-id by default (as recommended in one of the comments).
On 14.04 it's rw-r--r-- root:root.

If the file doesn't exist, it can be created with:

dbus-uuidgen --ensure

reference with explanation of what it is, and what it does in broad strokes

That dbus command would need root to create the file with those permissions, or need to be setuid, but I didn't check whether it is or not.


Ubuntu Jeos like minimal image for server with JRE

You could try starting with just the Ubuntu minimal image, found here.  Building up from the 10Mb ISO should give you enough flexibility to keep the size down as much as possible.

Jeos (Just Enough OS) has been discontinued now - it's only available with the old 8.04 version.  This document, highlighted by Marcello Nuccio in the comments below, demonstrates that Jeos itself is now replaced by a combination of using vmbuilder and the minimal install.  Quote : "With vmbuilder, there is no need to download a JeOS ISO anymore".


Is there a GUI for the TLP Power management application?

From https://github.com/linrunner/TLP/issues/129#issuecomment-98478154, the main author of TLP has recommended TLPUI, which is a GTK GUI written in Python. Do note that this is beta software, so bugs are to be expected.

You first would need to get version 0.9-1 of tlp via the TLP PPA since the version of tlp in the offical repos is only 0.8-1 and the GUI app needs at least version 0.9:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install tlp

Then, according to the installation instructions at TLPUI's GitHub repo:

Download a zip file of the repo at https://github.com/d4nj1/TLPUI/archive/master.zip
Extract the zip file and run python3 tlpui.py

Alternatively, you can just use git to clone the repo:

git clone https://github.com/d4nj1/TLPUI.git
cd TLPUI
python3 tlpui.py

Then do git pull or git fetch followed by git merge periodically to update your local copy of the repo.


How to correctly version a modified package?

The reason you're getting that error is because the debian/source/format file says that this is a 3.0 (native) package.

As a bit of background info, the debian/source/format file describes the format of the package. There are three formats available:

1.0: Specifies that the debian folder and any changes that need to be made to other files in the upstream package will be in a .diff.gz file. This results in a .orig.tar.gz that contains the upstream tarball and .diff.gz that includes changes/additions for packaging.
3.0 (quilt): Specifies that the debian folder in a .debian.tar.gz file, and that changes to the upstream files will be specified as separate patch files in the debian/patches folder, and will use the quilt patch system.
3.0 (native): Same as 3.0 (quilt), but for packages that won't have any patches because the software/program itself is made by the distributors (Debian, Ubuntu, etc.), and so any changes are made directly to the files.

For the last two formats, the versioning formats are different. 3.0 (quilt) expects the version number followed by -# or -#ubuntu#. Some examples of this are 2.7-1ubuntu3 (from Ubuntu's standpoint, this means that the package was imported from Debian, but has Ubuntu-specific changes on top of it) and 3.4-2 (from Ubuntu's standpoint, this means that the package was imported from Debian, but has no Ubuntu-specific changes).  Note that the version doesn't necessarily indicate whether there are changes made to the upstream tarball itself (patch files in debian/patches), or whether they're just changes in building the package.

For 3.0 (native), there is no dash after the version. Some examples of this are 23 and 8.4.

In your case, the version follows the 3.0 (quilt) format, but debian/source/format says 3.0 (native). There are two things you need to do here:

Change debian/source/format to 3.0 (quilt).
(Recommended) Make any changes to the package in a separate patch. Take a look at Ubuntu's patches folder for the syntax. Note that the series file specifies what patches in the folder should be applied and in what order. (lines starting with # are ignored)

As for the version of your package, using 32.0-0ubuntu5ppa1 will work (watch the underscores and dashes).


Deja-Dup: The existing backup is of a computer named

This is certainly uncommon, but not too difficult to fix. You can change your host name in a few steps:

Open Terminal (if it’s not already open)

Confirm the host name is not what you would like:
cat /etc/hostname

If you see MyPCname.phub.net.cable.rogers.com, then let’s continue.

Change your host name:
sudo hostname MyPCname

Update the hostname file so the change persists after a reboot:
sudo vi /etc/hostname

Note: Feel free to use any text editor you are comfortable with. Be sure to open the file with sudo, though.
Change the hostname value to match your proper hostname.

Edit the hosts file:
sudo vi /etc/hosts

Change the hostname for 127.0.0.1 and ::1.

That’s all. You should be able to backup the computer and continue with your current Déjà Dup archive


Search packages for foreign architecture

Use the Package Index. After searching for a package name, you can select a specific architecture. For example, searching for gcc, in arm64: https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?suite=artful&arch=arm64&searchon=names&keywords=gcc

If you have arm64 sources added to apt, You can use aptitude:

$ aptitude search '~n apache2-dev'
p   apache2-dev                                - Apache HTTP Server (development headers)
p   apache2-dev:arm64                          - Apache HTTP Server (development headers)
$ aptitude search '~n apache2-dev ~r arm64'
p   apache2-dev:arm64                          - Apache HTTP Server (development headers)


How do I fix booting process in Ubuntu 12.04 after the windows7 removed?

The boot manager for Ubuntu, GRUB2, was probably broken when you removed windows. Try using Boot Repair to fix it. First boot to the Ubuntu live CD. Open a terminal window and run the following code to install and run boot repair:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair
boot-repair

Then follow the instructions and options in the program to repair your boot.

You can visit http://www.howtogeek.com/114884/how-to-repair-grub2-when-ubuntu-wont-boot/ for more information.


How can I move compilation albums into a "Various Artists" folder?

If you are willing to download an application onto your computer, then I would advise downloading:

apt-get install picard

or

aptitude install picard

Once that is installed successfully, Open up the application (the full name is MusicBrainz Picard). Once the application is open, go to Options >> Options... A new options window will pop up and you will want to select on the left hand side "File Naming". Once selected, you will be able to pick the file naming scheme that you want for normal albums or albums with various artists on it. The picture below shows the final result if you decide to use this application:

If you want more information about how Picard works, please look over the help documentation found here: Picard Documentation

Hope this helps!


Disable Ubuntu 20.04 disk checkup every boot?

Removing Disk Check on Persistent USB's

The command line option fsck.mode=skip can be used to skip the disk check.

The line Checking disks: 0% complete will still come up but fsck will not be run, nor will boot time be increased.

Edit the boot files below booted from a desktop or Live USB, not booted from the new persistent drive.

mkusb After the Persistent USB drive is created, open /boot/grub/grub.cfg as root.

Add fsck.mode=skip to the Persistent menuentry thus:

linux   ($root)/casper/vmlinuz  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed maybe-ubiquity fsck.mode=skip quiet splash persistent ---

Newer versions of mkusb already include this fix.
If you also wish to remove the Try Ubuntu / Install Ubuntu screen delete "maybe-ubiquity".

UNetbootin After creating the boot drive, open /boot/grub/grub.cfg as root.

Add fsck.mode=skip to the first menuentry for (UEFI boot mode).
Open syslinux.cfg as root and add fsck.mode=skip to the default menuentry for (BIOS boot mode).

Rufus After creating the boot drive, open /boot/grub/grub.cfg as root.

Add fsck.mode=skip to the Default menuentry for (UEFI boot mode).
Open /isolinux/txt.cfg as root and add fsck.mode=skip to the "Try Ubuntu without installing" menuentry, (for BIOS boot mode).

The Try Ubuntu / Install Ubuntu screen can be removed from BIOS boot by overwriting syslinux.cfg with:

default persistent
label persistent
  say Booting an Ubuntu Persistent session...
  kernel /casper/vmlinuz
  append  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper persistent initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash noprompt --

The Try Ubuntu / Install Ubuntu screen can be removed from Rufus UEFI boot by removing "maybe-ubiquity" from /boot/grub/grub.cfg.

Edit 20200524:
The above workaround is no longer needed.

This bug was fixed in the package casper - 1.447, as announced in:  https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/casper/+bug/1875548

Run:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y casper

I am still testing the fix.


How to install drivers for ATI Mobility Radeon HD 4200?

Go to the terminal with Ctrl Alt F1 like you said.

The command dpkg -l '*nv*' wil list all the the installed packages containing "nv".
With me the offending package was "nvidia-current".

Type sudo apt-get remove nvidia-current. Type your password if asked for.

Reboot your machine and viola. Well it worked for me. Hopefully you will be successful too.


radeon ring 0 stalled - Login GUI never opens

After fishing around for a few hours I came across this package that ended up fixing the problem. It was not installed, however it was apparently not needed a few months ago.

This fixed it for me:

sudo apt install xserver-xorg-video-ati


How do I keep the Thunderbird profile in sync between multiple computers?

Perhaps it is possible to use links in your filesystem. So the point I'm aiming at is, can you possibly put the .thunderbird directory onto a fileserver and link to it?

I have the same problem, but from time to time it is enough for me to copy it directly onto an USB Drive and plug it into another computer of mine.

Just my 2 Cents


Dual boot Ubuntu 14.04 with Windows 8.1, freeze on installation

Fixed it!

Installed dual-boot of Ubuntu 12.04 successfully through WUBI. And upgrading to Ubuntu 14.04 through Update Manager.


maybe docker isn't in crons $PATH ? Note that cron sets its own $PATH var. Just that cron tells the cronjob gets executed, it doesnt tell you if the command was found. (But the status mail you'd receive on failure would tell it).

also there is a failure in

# I add this line to file, must execute each 10 minutes
10 ...

it should be

*/10


Fixing GRUB after fresh install from LiveCD on USB

Assuming that the main drive is /dev/sda, I would use

sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
sudo grub-install /dev/sda

To (re)install it.


Menu shows up during boot after update to kernel 4.4.0-109-generic

The screen you are referring to is called grub. It's necessary in case of a multi-boot system, but it could be useful to determine and solve some issues on your system.

You cannot delete but you can hide it. To do this:

Open a terminal from inside your system and digit

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Pressing Return, you will be requested the admin password, insert it and press Return again. The file at the path specified will open in your terminal.

Find the parameter

GRUB_TIMEOUT=[Any value]

and change it to

GRUB_TIMEOUT=0

If the parameter GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT would have a value different from 0 change it to 0 too.

Save your edited file with Ctrl+O and close it with Ctrl+X

Then, always in the terminal run the command

sudo update-grub

and press Return.

At the next reboot you will not be able to see Grub screen.


Is there a graphical method for modifying users' group memberships?

I believe you may be looking for an app called users-admin, with the menu name of "Users and Groups".  I believe it is included in the package "gnome-system-tools", which is not included by default.

It has the familiar old dialog (User Settings) with the button called "Manage Groups" and there is also a tab under Advanced Settings for User Privileges, where you can check what tasks a user can perform (I don't know if this is part of the normal user settings dialog or not.


Why is Ubuntu changing my microphone sensitivity?

Is the option Allow Skype to automatically adjust my mixer levels enabled in Skype's audio preferences? If yes, then try deselecting it.


I can't browse the network from Nautilus

Installing gvfs-backends should allow Nautilus to use most common protocols (including SMB, SSH, etc.).

sudo apt-get install gvfs-backends


Scheduled Tasks application installed , It stoped working after one time

I figure that out with trial and error and some reading on other posts. I deleted folder named similar to the application which is gnome-schedule from the home folder. That worked for me. Once the Sheduler started, i deleted all the back up folders and other errorneous tasks from the application list. The application works for now.

I don't know , what happened to the app that made it not work for some reason. I am trying read more about how to properly use the Scheduled Tasks app , so that this won't happen again.

Thanks all for reading or not. I hope my answer would help someone in similar problem in future.


How to let NetworkManager manage WLAN interface after upgrade?

Please backup before you use the commands below, I don't know if you will have internet afterwards.

Connect using ethernet cable.

Download the packages so you have a way to reinstall them even without internet:

cd
apt-get download network-manager-gnome network-manager

Then I'd suggest to purge your network manager configuration:

sudo apt-get purge network-manager-gnome network-manager
sudo rm -rf /etc/NetworkManager
sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/NetworkManager
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/NetworkManager

And reinstall network manager:

sudo apt-get install network-manager-gnome network-manager

If you don't have internet anymore try installing the local packages we downloaded with the first command:

cd
sudo dpkg -i network-manager*.deb

Restart the computer.

If the above commands did not fix the internet, we need more info:

Run these commands and provide the output (edit your question):

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
cat /etc/network/interfaces
iwconfig
ifconfig
lspci -nn
lsusb
nm-tool
sudo lshw -C network
rfkill list all

Check that you have all the dependencies installed correctly, reinstall the ubuntu meta-packages:

sudo dpkg -P --force-all ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-standard ubuntu-minimal
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-standard ubuntu-minimal

You never mentioned which Ubuntu version you used before you upgraded to 11.10.

Note: By the way, AFAIK the do-release-uprade command should be used when upgrading server installations, not desktop. You should prefer downloading the alternate cd of the through update-manager.


There are many bug reports describing such symptoms. Most likely a driver bug. Please search https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux for the names of your network hardware drivers.


How can I safely remove an external disk using the launcher icon?

Linux Mint often won't release an external USB drive either. Mint is based on Ubuntu. To protect the external drive data I quit all applications and shut down. The USB hookup cable also has an on-off switch which is convenient.


You can create a standalone compiz session with gnome3-gnome-panel+metacity, unity 2d launcher, awn wing-panel(with all applets), docky, synypse, cairo-dock,slingshot or combination of these.Have a look on following screenshots:

Edgebuntu Desktop

Milky-Moorhen (DE)

Cairo-Dock Session

Unity Gnome-shell fusion

In above screenshots you can replace unity-launcher with docky or awn or cairo-dock.

To setup custom sssion with compiz check out this article:

http://www.webupd8.org/2012/02/how-to-create-standalone-compiz-session.html

For Awn-Wingpanel checkout this video:

http://vimeo.com/18598545

For Ciaro-dock 2.4 with custom gnome-session follow this article:

http://www.webupd8.org/2011/09/cairo-dock-240-released-with-custom.html

You can get additional help from these articles:

[HOWTO] Configure Unity 2D to Simulate Unity 3D

How to enable compiz in gnome-classic mode

Fix gnome-panel in gnome fallback session

Run AWN / Dock in Natty Narwhal(generally for gnome2)

Notes: There are many bugs in 11.10, which makes using custom session a painful experience(such as this bug: #bug 826771).I will update the post with important GDM & compiz fix.

Updates: Bug 826771 has been fixed in nautilus - 1:3.2.1-0ubuntu4.2 (ubuntu 12.04) for gnome-session.But there are other bugs (specially gdm bugs) still present in Ubuntu 12.04.


Install Ubuntu on Asus Eee-PC 1005PE - Dealing with special partitions

I have an eeePC 1000HE and have partitioned it many times. First I must say that if you think to delete this 2 little partitions you will lose your boot booster and it will boot with  "ASUS" gray boot screen instead of quick black screen.(which is very important and will give you at least 10 sec. of advantage in booting time) I do not recommend you to move, to delete or to touch this parts.
I have triple boot (Ubuntu netbook 10.04, Meego and XP).You can make partitions with Gparted and with XP hard disk manager without touching those parts.


first try this:

insert your windows 7 instalation cd/dvd and boot from. choose your language and hit next. when prompted to "install now" appear just look left down to that windos and press repair your computer.
wait and a new windows rise with operatings system instaled in your pc. click on "windows 7" and  hit next.
in the next window press "Command "Prompt". when command prompt window appear type that:

bootrec /fixboot

press enter and:

bootrec /fixmbr

press enter again and then close that command prompt window and restart your pc.
Note: between "bootrec" and "/" there is a space, dont forget.
After that i think you will no longer have option to choose between operating systems to boot on startup. you will must to repair grub.( i think you can do that with ubuntu live cd. but i am not sure.
Good luck. Let me know if you fix that.
(Easy way is after repair windows 7 boot format the linux partition and reinstall linux:D)

Note :

01/20/2019

To repair grub after fix windows 7 boot:

Try this..
To recover grub:
1.Open the live version.

2.Open the terminal and run
sudo fdisk -l
 to see where Linux is installed.

3.Run:
sudo mount /dev/sdaX /mnt
 where X is the number you have found Linux word in

4.Run:
sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda

to install grub.

5.Run:
sudo update-grub to update grub, and if this command didn't work run it after rebooting.

6.Reboot.

Note:

For me #5 command didn't work. So i restart the computer and after restart, computer boot directly in  to ubuntu O.S.
So i loged as root  and write this command:

sudo update-grub

That solve the problem.
 EugenB


Which one is the latest upstream kernel?

They mean not the latest kernel for Ubuntu distro, but latest kernel released upstream.

I suggest testing 4.0.5 and 4.1rc6.

Officially latest released kernel is 4.0.5. But a fix may be found in release candidate.

And you see that they wrote release names are irrelevant for testing.


There are some ongoing attempts to create a Quickly template. You might have a look at the following if you'd like to contribute or try them out:

Qt and QtQuick Quickly templates
How to create a Quickly template


updatedb doesn't include all attached drives

Take a look in /etc/updatedb.conf, particularly the PRUNEPATHS parameter which lists paths to be excluded from the database.


How to Install HP Printer (hplip) in Ubuntu 18.04

No need for extra actions. Ubuntu 18.04 already comes with well tested, pre-installed HP drivers. You just need setup it with your printer.

$ hp-setup

Follow steps. It may say that it failed to get some keys, just choose installation without key authentications. You are done!

If you are not satisfied with Ubuntu's default printer manager, you can install GUI wizard from HP company.

$ apt install -y hplip-gui

And launch HPLIP toolbox from application list.


I was able to fix this issue by adding a graphics driver ppa, and installing the lastest nvidia-367 drivers.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-367


Sound not working in laptop speakers. Headphones fine

After doing some research, I found out that the problem was with me having dual boot with windows 8.1. Found the answer on this thread. As it turned out, I already had disabled Fast boot in Windows 8.1. In addition to that, I discovered I had to fully turn off from Windows and then turn on the laptop again. Restart does not work.

Marking this as the answer.


Install GRUB and root system in different devices

I figured out the problem, and here is an answer that perhaps can help others in the future. The problem is that I was booting with the installer USB stick as a legacy device with secure boot disabled. Once I enabled secure boot and booted from the USB stick as a UEFI device it worked just fine.
I installed Ubuntu and GRUB on sdb, and /home on sda.


Disclaimer

I will try to answer as best as I can. I have never tried this, so I can't be sure if the following is correct.

Potential Problems

If the casper-rw partition contains system updates (kernel, updated software, etc.) surely that won't go well with the new DVD.

Particularly, some software are updated only between versions, such as LibreOffice. So any patches to older version of LibreOffice meant for 13.04 won't work for the Newer version that will come with 13.10.

Your saved personal configurations may also be off, if the format of the config file has changed between versions.

Options

Make a copy of all your personal data and keep your fingers crossed. If things go south (if it does not work) start again with a new casper-rw.
Consider a full install in the USB drive. Assuming your computer can boot directly from the USB drive. See What would be the differences between a persistent USB Live Session and a installed Ubuntu in a USB drive? for advantages off a full install.

Hope this helps


You can use atop
I followed on the advice of @waltinator, and searched the repository for performance related packages. First tried iotop, but it requires superuser privileges. Then I tried atop, and it worked fine for me, so I'm documenting the procedure, in case anybody else happen to have the same question I had.
First you need to install atop. You can use the terminal, typing the following command:
sudo apt-get install atop

Now, just by typing the command atop in the terminal, you'r shown a lot of information about your system, as shown in the screen bellow.

The relevant sections are the ones preceded by CPU (upper case means the total CPU stats), cpu (lower case means every individual core) and DSK for disk stats. To quit, just type q.
If you want to see only global CPU and disk information, withour all the extra informations about your system, for example, you can run atop in parseable output mode (-P flag), to show only the relevant sections:
atop -P CPU,DSK

Then, every few seconds (I think the default is 10s), it will output the relevant lines, as shown bellow:

When you're done, just use Ctrl+c to return to the terminal.
You can redirect the parseable output from atop to a CSV text file, so you can open and edit it in a spreadsheet, to plot graphs of the data you collected, for example:
atop -P CPU,DSK > stats_cpu_disk.csv

When you're done with the data collection, you can stop atop with Ctrl+c, and open the csv file generated in the spreadsheet, using blank space as the column delimiter:

Note the labels for each field are not shown in atop parseable output, but they are given in the manual. Bellow I reproduced the relevant sections:
PARSEABLE OUTPUT
       With  the  flag  -P followed by a list of one or more labels (comma-separated), parseable output is produced for each sample.  The labels that can be
       specified for system-level statistics correspond to the labels (first verb of each line) that can be found in the interactive output:  "CPU",  "cpu",
       "CPL", "GPU", "MEM", "SWP", "PAG", "PSI", "LVM", "MDD", "DSK", "NFM", "NFC", "NFS", "NET" and "IFB".
       For  process-level statistics special labels are introduced: "PRG" (general), "PRC" (cpu), "PRE" (GPU), "PRM" (memory), "PRD" (disk, only if "storage
       accounting" is active) and "PRN" (network, only if the kernel module 'netatop' has been installed).
       With the label "ALL", all system and process level statistics are shown.

       For every interval all requested lines are shown whereafter atop shows a line just containing the label "SEP" as a separator before the lines for the
       next sample are generated.
       When a sample contains the values since boot, atop shows a line just containing the label "RESET" before the lines for this sample are generated.

       The  first  part of each output-line consists of the following six fields: label (the name of the label), host (the name of this machine), epoch (the
       time of this interval as number of seconds since 1-1-1970), date (date of this interval in format YYYY/MM/DD), time (time of this interval in  format
       HH:MM:SS), and interval (number of seconds elapsed for this interval).

       The subsequent fields of each output-line depend on the label:

       CPU      Subsequent  fields:  total  number of clock-ticks per second for this machine, number of processors, consumption for all CPUs in system mode
                (clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in user mode (clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in user mode for niced processes (clock-ticks),
                consumption  for  all  CPUs in idle mode (clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in wait mode (clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in irq
                mode (clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in softirq mode (clock-ticks), consumption for all CPUs in steal mode  (clock-ticks),  consump‐
                tion  for  all CPUs in guest mode (clock-ticks) overlapping user mode, frequency of all CPUs, frequency percentage of all CPUs, instructions
                executed by all CPUs and cycles for all CPUs.

       cpu      Subsequent fields: total number of clock-ticks per second for this machine, processor-number,  consumption  for  this  CPU  in  system  mode
                (clock-ticks), consumption for this CPU in user mode (clock-ticks), consumption for this CPU in user mode for niced processes (clock-ticks),
                consumption for this CPU in idle mode (clock-ticks), consumption for this CPU in wait mode (clock-ticks), consumption for this  CPU  in  irq
                mode  (clock-ticks),  consumption for this CPU in softirq mode (clock-ticks), consumption for this CPU in steal mode (clock-ticks), consump‐
                tion for this CPU in guest mode (clock-ticks) overlapping user mode, frequency of this CPU, frequency percentage of this  CPU,  instructions
                executed by this CPU and cycles for this CPU.

       (...)

       LVM/MDD/DSK
                For every logical volume/multiple device/hard disk one line is shown.
                Subsequent fields: name, number of milliseconds spent for I/O, number of reads issued, number of sectors transferred for  reads,  number  of
                writes issued, and number of sectors transferred for write.


At least on my Ubuntu 13.04 installation (physical machine, desktop edition), auth.log is rotated by logrotate as defined in /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog. This is correctly found by grep auth /etc/logrotate.d/*. The rotated files get named as usual auth.log, auth.log.1, auth.log.2.gz and so forth. This is, as far as I can tell, the default way of handling the auth log. Maybe you're using a customized version of Ubuntu.


Installing Nextcloud 19 without snap on Ubuntu Server 20.04 (Apache 2)

Here I made a guide on how to install Nextcloud 19 without snap on Ubuntu Server 20.04 (click the link to see the entire guide).

Install NextCloud 19
1. Install a clean version of Ubuntu Server 20.04
2. Open a terminal and execute these commands to update your system:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get updgrade

3. This installs the packages for the Nextcloud core system:
sudo apt-get install apache2 mariadb-server libapache2-mod-php7.4
sudo apt-get install php7.4-gd php7.4-json php7.4-mysql php7.4-curl php7.4-mbstring
sudo apt-get install php7.4-intl php-imagick php7.4-xml php7.4-zip

4. Run these commands to disable Apache 2 directory listing
sudo sed -i "s/Options Indexes FollowSymLinks/Options FollowSymLinks/" /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

5. It is necessary to secure and configure our "mariadb-server". From terminal, these commands will start the settings and the script will prompt you some questions, you can answer "yes" to all questions, and also create a new root DB user:
sudo mysql_secure_installation

    Enter current password for root (enter for none):    press Enter
    Set root password? [Y/n]:    Y
    New password:    Enter password (this is the MariaDB root password that MUST be different from system root password)
    Re-enter new password:    Repeat password
    Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]:    Y
    Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]:    Y
    Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]:    Y
    Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]:    Y

6. Restart MariaDB
sudo systemctl restart mariadb.service

7. Login MariaDB server
sudo mysql -u root -p

8. Create a new database, you can choose a name (pay attention, semicolon at the end of a command is important). Attention: don't copy and paste directly this command inside the terminal using mouse wheel, because it will be executed immediately, instead use CTRL + SHIFT + V!
CREATE DATABASE choose_a_db_name_here;

At every succeeded operation you will see:
Query OK, 1 rows affected (0.00 sec)

9. Create a DB user and password
CREATE USER 'choose_your_db_username_here'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password_here';

10. Then you need to grant the user full access to the database
GRANT ALL ON database_name_chosen_before.* TO 'username_chosen_before'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'user_password_chosen_before' WITH GRANT OPTION;

11. Save changes and exit from MariaDB
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

12. Edit php.ini files to change some default settings
sudo nano /etc/php/7.4/apache2/php.ini

Press "CTRL + W", search and change the following lines below and save php.ini.
You can find here a list of timezones
file_uploads = On
allow_url_fopen = On
memory_limit = 512M
upload_max_filesize = 500M
post_max_size = 600M     <-- Use always a size that is a bit more of "upload_max_filesize"
max_execution_time = 300
display_errors = Off
date.timezone = use_your_timezone e.g. Europe/Rome (remove the ';' at the row beginning)

13. It's time to download the NextCloud latest release from the official repository, unzip it, and move the unzipped folder to the Apache2 "html" folder:
cd /tmp && wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-19.0.0.zip
unzip nextcloud-19.0.0.zip
sudo mv nextcloud /var/www/nextcloud/

Choose to execute 14.1 OR 14.2:
14.1. If you want to install the "data" folder in the root partition - / -, probably in this case you will not have enough space, run the commands below to set the correct permissions:
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud/
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/nextcloud/

14.2. If you prefer to install the "data" folder in the "/home" partition, where you probably have more space, create a folder in "/home", you can call it "clouddata", and then run the commands below to set the correct permissions:
sudo mkdir /home/clouddata/
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /home/clouddata/
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud/
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/nextcloud/

15. Configure Apahce 2 site configuration file for NextCloud. This file will control how users access the NextCloud content. Run the commands below to create a new configuration file called "nextcloud.conf"
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/nextcloud.conf

Then copy and paste the content below into the file and save it. Replace the "ServerName" and "ServerAlias" line with your own domain name and directory root location, save the file and exit
<VirtualHost *:80>
     ServerAdmin admin@example.com
     DocumentRoot /var/www/nextcloud/
     ServerName example.com
     ServerAlias www.example.com

     Alias /nextcloud "/var/www/nextcloud/"

     <Directory /var/www/nextcloud/>
        Options +FollowSymlinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
          <IfModule mod_dav.c>
            Dav off
          </IfModule>
        SetEnv HOME /var/www/nextcloud
        SetEnv HTTP_HOME /var/www/nextcloud
     </Directory>

     ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
     CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

16. Now configure the VirtualHost by running the commands below
sudo a2ensite nextcloud.conf
sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo a2enmod headers
sudo a2enmod env
sudo a2enmod dir
sudo a2enmod mime

17. To load all the settings above, restart Apache 2
sudo systemctl restart apache2.service

18. Open your browser and browse the server domain name that you specified before: "example.com". You should see NextCloud setup wizard to complete the installation.
Note: to reach your home server from internet, if you are using your domain name (example.com), probably you need to configure the "A" record type value from your domain vendor administration panel, binding your public IP with the domain name. If your ISP gives you only a set of dynamic public IPs, you can use a free DDNS service to auto update your public IP every time that your modem will restart. There are some free DDNS services that don't require you to confirm your account every month.
From your modem router configuration panel you also need to allow traffic through ports 80 (HTTP) and 443 (HTTPS).
18.1. In the "Create an admin account" area, create a valid admin username and password;
18.2. In the "Data Folder" area, specify the path to the "data folder" - you have chosen it at point 14.1 or 14.2 of this guide;
18.3. In the "Configure the database" area, specify the database name and account, you have chosen it at point 8 and 9 of this guide, and click Finish setup;
19. Try to reach your domain name "www.example.com" via browser, probably you will obtain the message "Access through untrusted domain". If you have obtained this error, you need to modify the "config.php" file in "/var/www/nextcloud/config" folder:
sudo nano /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php

Via nano editor check all the parts highlighted with arrows:
<?php
$CONFIG = array (
  'instanceid' => 'here you will see a unique id',
  'passwordsalt' => 'here you will see password',
  'secret' => 'here you will see a secret key',
  'trusted_domains' =>
  array (
    0 => 'localhost',
    1 => 'example.com', <---------- CHECK YOUR DOMAIN HERE
  ),
  'datadirectory' => '/home/clouddata',  <---------- CHECK YOUR DATA DIRECTORY HERE (we chose it at point 14.x)
  'dbtype' => 'mysql',
  'version' => '19.0.0.12',
  'overwrite.cli.url' => 'http://example.com/nextcloud',   <---------- CHECK YOUR DOMAIN HERE
  'dbname' => 'next_db',
  'dbhost' => 'localhost',
  'dbport' => '',
  'dbtableprefix' => 'oc_',
  'mysql.utf8mb4' => true,
  'dbuser' => 'here you will see the DB username',
  'dbpassword' => 'here you will see the DB password',
  'installed' => true,
);

20. You’re done.

Click the link to see the entire guide: Nextcloud 19 without snap on Ubuntu Server 20.04


Why is my server not using the external volume?

Updates involve storing updating/creating files in many different locations. You (or the system) mounted your external drive on /mnt/volume_nyc1_01 (see here). As a result, you can now store 100GB of files in that folder. This space, however, is not shared among the entire directory structure of your system. For example, you would not be able to put a file in /home/username/Desktop that is 100GB without having space on that drive, even if you do have space in /mnt/volume_nyc1_01. /dev/vda1 is a special file that refers to one of your hard drives (or, more accurately, a partition on one). It is mounted on /, meaning that everything on your system (everything starting with /) that is not in another partition's mount point is on that partition. Since that disk is full, you can no longer store files in places not mounted from another disk (such as /mnt/volume_nyc1_01). Possible ways to utilize this disk space in other places include RAID and mounting a partition in another place, such as /home/username or wherever nextcloud needs it. For more information, see my simalar answer here.


How do you setup mutt for a KolabNow email address?

Disclaimer: Neither did I know mutt before doing the research for this nor did I test this configuration, I just combined information from the cited sources here. There is a chance this is folderol.

I'd just take a minimal configuration and change only the crucial settings first. With the information from kolabnow.ch let's use the one on dev.mutt.org and adapth it with the help of the extensive manual to build a simplistic ~/.muttrc:

# IMAP settings, automatically log in to this mailbox at startup
set spoolfile = "imaps://jacksewell@kolabnow.ch:PASSWORD@imap.kolabnow.com:143/INBOX"

# SMTP settings
set smtp_url  = "smtps://jacksewell@kolabnow.ch:PASSWORD@smtp.kolabnow.com:587"

# Define the “=” shortcut and the entry point for the folder browser (c?)
set folder    = "imaps://imap.kolabnow.com/INBOX"
set record    = "=Sent"
set postponed = "=Drafts"

This uses the neat URL syntax where we can cram the whole information needed to communicate with the server in one single command, I did that leaving just PASSWORD for you to replace. If you want mutt to ask for your password, remove :PASSWORD from both lines. If you decide to store your password in ~/.muttrc don't forget to adjust the file permissions with chmod 600 ~/.muttrc, this prevents others from reading it. Depending on where your mail is stored on the server you might have to adapt the /INBOX path:

  If your folders are addressed as sub-folders of your INBOX folder, INBOX should be given as the mailbox component, otherwise leave it empty.

Once you got the correct connection settings you're free to configure mutt's behaviour to your needs, the manual I linked above seems like a good place to start. Additionally, there's the MuttrcBuilder and the config tricks.


Can't login after killing X Server with encrypted home directory

Press Ctrl +Alt +F1 . login there by username and password , then type sudo service lightdm restart


Razer Deathstalker keyboard [Fn] (Function) key getting ignored

Not sure how or why it wasn't working but I had it shut down for a day and started it up and the function key is working now. Wish I had an answer as to why it wasn't though.


Script to add static ip to network interfaces

I found some mistakes in your script. Here is how I think it should be (assuming that these are the things that you want to do this script):

#!/bin/bash

getinfo()
{
  read -p "Enter the IP of your router:          (looks like 192.168.1.1)   " routerip
  read -p "Enter the netmask for your network:   (looks like 255.255.255.0) " netmask
  read -p "Enter the ip address for your server: (looks like 192.168.1.22)  " staticip
}

writeinterfacefile()
{
cat << EOF > $1
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

#Your static network configuration
iface eth0 inet static
address $staticip
netmask $netmask
gateway $routerip
EOF
#don't use any space before of after 'EOF' in the previous line

  echo ""
  echo "Your informatons was saved in '$1' file."
  echo ""
  exit 0
}

file="/home/radu/test"
if [ ! -f $file ]; then
  echo ""
  echo "The file '$file' doesn't exist!"
  echo ""
  exit 1
fi

clear
echo "Let's set up a static ip address for your site"
echo ""

getinfo
echo ""
echo "So your settings are:"
echo "Address of your Router is:   $routerip"
echo "The Mask for the Network is: $netmask"
echo "Your decided Server IP is:   $staticip"
echo ""

while true; do
  read -p "Are these informations correct? [y/n]: " yn
  case $yn in
    [Yy]* ) writeinterfacefile $file;;
    [Nn]* ) getinfo;;
        * ) echo "Pleas enter y or n!";;
  esac
done


Move all subdirectories and their contents to the current working directory

With find and rename:

$ find . -mindepth 3 | rename -n 's:([^/]+)/\1:$1:'
./folder10/folder10/blah10 -> ./folder10/blah10
./folder9/folder9/blah9 -> ./folder9/blah9
./folder8/folder8/blah8 -> ./folder8/blah8
./folder7/folder7/blah7 -> ./folder7/blah7
./folder6/folder6/blah6 -> ./folder6/blah6
./folder5/folder5/blah5 -> ./folder5/blah5
./folder4/folder4/blah4 -> ./folder4/blah4

The regex ([^/]+)/\1 matches text which is repeated, and has a / in between (so, folder4/folder4, etc.). The replacement is just the part which was repeated (so, just folder4).

The -n option only shows what changes will be made. If the changes look OK, then run without it to actually perform the changes.


ClamAV is a scanner tool and only scan what the user tell it to scan. It does not run on the background, at least by default.

There is no need to use ClamTK to make ClamAV work. It is just a plus for people how don't like terminal and prefer buttons instead. You can still use ClamAV using the command line.


How to reinstall the Nvidia graphic driver in the recovery mode of Ubuntu？

Are you able to remove the current drivers at all during recovery?

sudo apt-get remove nvidia*

Then check whether you can get in again.

You could also try booting up by adding "nomodeset" right after quiet-splash in the boot options in grub.


Is it possible to run an OPENGL program via a daemon?

Upstart is designed for system services. While you can (at least with recent versions) use it to monitor a command that runs during a user session, it's clumsy.

With Upstart, if you want to run a service that displays a GUI window, that service can only run while you're logged in. Rather than start and stop based on runlevels, you need to start and stop based on GUI login and logout events.

start on desktop-session-start
stop on desktop-shutdown

You also need the service to be able to reach your display. GUI applications use the DISPLAY environment variable to determine where to display. Under normal circumstances, your GUI session will be the display called :0.

env DISPLAY=:0

The application also needs to obtain permission to access the display. This permission takes the form of a “cookie” (a password) which is automatically generated when your GUI session starts and stored in the file .Xauthority in your home directory (or another file indicated by the XAUTHORITY environment variable, depending on your display manager). If your display manager uses ~/.Xauthority and you run the service as your user (which you should do anyway), you don't need to set XAUTHORITY. For more details, see Can I launch a graphical program on another user's desktop as root? and Open a window on a remote X display (why “Cannot open display”)?

setuid evsc

Instead of Upstart, you can use a supervision tool that only does supervision and not system service management. Ensure a process is always running lists several possibilities. Let's use supervise from daemontools. Create a directory somewhere, e.g. ~/.planeEtoiles. In this directory, create an executable called run which is the application you want to keep running:

mkdir ~/.planeEtoiles
ln -s /home/planeviz/src/of/apps/myApps/planeEtoiles/bin/planeEtoiles ~/.planeEtoiles/run

Add the command supervise ~/.planeEtoiles to the applications automatically started at login. To stop the service, use the svc command:

svc -t -x ~/.planeEtoiles

The last piece of the puzzle is running that svc command on logout. This feature seems to be missing, or if not it's very poorly documented. If you're using GDM, there's a workaround which is to run from /etc/gdm/PostSession/Default, but that file runs command as root, which is not a good solution, and doesn't apply to Lightdm. Monitor Script Execution at user logout (non root user) and How can I run a script during GNOME logout if I don't have admin privileges? for solutions.


If you don't understand this, then I don't recommend doing it.
What it's saying is that you would need to get the source code and you would have to have programming knowledge and alter the text in there. After which you would have to compile it and install.
It is tedious and not for the beginner


I had a similar problem running Kubuntu 12.04 for a long time: The login screen appeared as normal, but logging in would not take me to a plasma desktop, but rather back to the login screen. I assume the problem works about the same way for Ubuntu with gdm as it did for me using kdm.

As a temporary solution, I was able to get to a proper desktop environment by entering:

sudo service kdm stop
startx

from a tty console, which I escaped to with ctrl+alt+f3 from the login screen.

Suspecting a permissions issue with .Xauthority and or my /tmp/ directory (as per many other answers to this same question), I ran:

ls -la ~/.Xauthority

and verified its owners were set to username username and not root root, and ran

ls -ld /tmp

and ensured its permissions read as drwxrwxrwt. I also tried removing the .Xauthority file altogether, hoping it would be regenerated properly upon next login, but this didn't work for me (others seem to have had success trying this, however).

Next I checked my ~/.profile for extraneous lines, and read through my .xsession-errors file for clues to no avail.

What eventually worked for me was removing  my ~/.dmrc file.

From https://help.ubuntu.com/community/dmrcErrors:

  "The .dmrc is an initialization file which the system checks during
  session login. Specifically, gnome checks the file for any specific
  language or session information it hasn't located elsewhere. While
  often the file is blank except for the basic header data, it may
  contain a specific language to use at session startup."

This file must have 644 permissions to work properly (EDIT: The above link actually gives a few other permissions that will work besides 644, but 644 is the explicitly given permission to set), so before removing it verify that

ls -la ~/.dmrc

yields the permissions drwxr-xr-x 143 user user, and if not try using

chmod 644 /home/username/.dmrc

If none of the above solutions worked, try backing up and removing this file with:

cp /home/username/.dmrc /home/username/.dmrc.backup
rm /home/username/.dmrc

Upon next login, a new .dmrc file will be generated and configured correctly, and in my case I was finally able to log in properly without escaping to tty, killing kdm, and starting x manually.

NOTE: I suspect the root cause of this came when the partition my home folder was on filled up during a session, which caused a whole slew of other issues with configuration files not being written that needed to be written. The infinite login loop problem started immediately after that, and I noticed that the .dmrc file had a size of 0, rather than containing:

[Desktop]
Session=default

as it does now in the fully functioning condition. It seems from the above quote that this file is read on login, and maybe my login loop occurred because Kubuntu didn't know how to handle an empty .dmrc file, but I'm only speculating.


When the quality sound gone, set mute to your volume and turn off mute again. This quality sound stuff happens to me also and I repair it easily like that.

Also you can check alsamixer. To open alsamixer, write terminal "alsamixer" and you will see some of the sound settings.


How do I create a bootable iso file from my current Ubuntu 20.04 machine?

Ubuntu Operating System Reinstaller
Hopefully the following should suit your requirements even though it does not involve an ISO file.
Procedure.

Create a persistent USB using mkusb. Make the usbdata partition large enough to contain your operating system. See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb#Quick_start_manual_and_mkusb_PPA

Showing partitions created by mkusb persistent install.

Boot the mkusb drive in the computer who's OS you want to backup.

Open Gnome-Disks, (Disks), Select the disk you wish to backup on the left.

Select the icon that looks like a stack of pancakes upper right.

Click "Create Disk Image" and save the image to the usbdata partition of the persistent USB.

When it comes time to restore your OS, boot the USB in the Target computer and use the pancake icon to restore the image to the hard drive. The restore will overwrite everything on the target drive. Best to test the image before deleting the original OS.


Ubuntu 20.04 server: turn off screen until I press a key

SOLUTION (verified with Ubuntu 20.04 server running on a laptop)
Create a file:
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/enable-console-blanking.service

And put this into the file:
[Unit]
Description=Enable virtual console blanking

[Service]
Type=oneshot
Environment=TERM=linux
StandardOutput=tty
TTYPath=/dev/console
ExecStart=/usr/bin/setterm -blank 1

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Then change the file rights and enable the service:
sudo chmod 664 /etc/systemd/system/enable-console-blanking.service
sudo systemctl enable enable-console-blanking.service

And reboot the server. Now the screens blanks after 1 minute without keypresses, even before the login.


In addition to Perumal93's advice, also make sure you run sudo grub-install /dev/sda after you delete Windows in gparted and before you reboot.

Replace "sda" with another name if you need to. fdisk -l will show you which hard drive is 'dev/sda' and which one is 'dev/sdb'. You should choose the one that has your Linux partition.

Also, make sure you do not add a number after dev/sda. (Adding a number would choose the partition, but GRUB wants you to give it the whole hard disk that the partition is stored on, so dev/sda, not dev/sda2.)

If something doesn't go right and you can't start up Ubuntu, you can still fix it with a Live USB. I made a little guide a few years ago for this that's saved my...'sanity' a few times.
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1873849


Use update-alternatives (from CLI) or galternatives (from GUI) to set the default for gcc.

If you don't have them, install with: sudo apt-get install galternatives.
I would use the GUI version, it is more simple for a beginner.

From CLI:

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /path/to/newer/gcc 40
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /path/to/older/gcc 30
sudo update-alternatives --config gcc


iptables service not started because of error (SVC_RUN_EXCEPT)

Stuck with the same trouble.
Seems that openvpnas doesn't start after installing. Try the following:

sudo service openvpnas start


Converting hundreds of jpg to PDF using Terminal

My first instinct for batch processing files is almost always find. It's excellent if you need to build in any sort of filtering (which you don't here) but it's still a favourite. This will also recurse into subdirectories unless you tell it (with -maxdepth 1 or other):

find -name '*.jpg' -exec convert "{}" "{}.pdf" \;
rename 's/\.jpg\.pdf$/.pdf/' *.jpg.pdf

The find/convert statement will output a load of .jpg.pdf files. The second cleans this up.

Perhaps a slightly more elegant approach in such a simple case:

for file in *.jpg ; do convert "$file" "${file/%jpg/pdf}"; done

This doesn't recurse and you don't have to mess around cleaning up the filenames.

And I almost forgot, ImageMagick has a numerical output which might fit your use-case perfectly. The following will just stick a three-digit identifier  (000, 001, 002, etc) on the end of the "myPDF":

convert *.jpg myPDF%03d.pdf

Obviously if you're dealing with more than a thousand entries, increase the number. If you don't want it zero-padded, remove the leading zero.


I've noticed though that it happens when i plug in any devices (mouse, keyboard) into usb 3.0.

So i'm using 1 usb 2.0 slot now with a usb hub. It doesn't solve the problem completely but system stays at a low fan rate for a longer time.

You can lower CPU frequency, but in my case (DELL INSPIRON N7110 i7 on Linux 3.0.0-14-generic #23-Ubuntu SMP Mon Nov 21 20:28:43 UTC 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux) CPU was pretty cool and still the same horrible fan noise.

In case you'd like to experiment with CPU frequency you can try this script

#!/bin/bash
cpufreq-set -g powersave -c 0
cpufreq-set -g powersave -c 1
cpufreq-set -g powersave -c 2
cpufreq-set -g powersave -c 3
cpufreq-set -g powersave -c 4
cpufreq-set -g powersave -c 5
cpufreq-set -g powersave -c 6
cpufreq-set -g powersave -c 7

You would need cpufreq installed for this to work.

sudo apt-get install cpufreq

Also try cpufreq-info to see the state.


How do I run weechat and screen as an upstart service without error?

Upstart, even when using setuid, does not set the HOME environment variable. weechat tries to use this variable to look up its configuration directory when -d is not specified.

weechat prints Error: unable to get HOME directory in response to this problem. However, it went unlogged because weechat had nowhere to output this error except for stdout, which screen/dtach did nothing with except dutifully return because the original process ended.

You can check if this is your problem by changing the exec line to this:

exec /usr/bin/weechat

If /var/log/upstart/chatscreen.log says Error: unable to get HOME directory, then this was the problem.

Here is a corrected upstart service file:

description     "Run a persistent weechat within screen"

respawn

setuid chat
setgid chat

# Not sure if screen needs this.
env LANG=en_US.utf8

exec screen -S chatscreen weechat -d /home/chat/.weechat

Or if you prefer the light-weight dtach:

description     "Run a persistent weechat within dtach"

respawn

setuid chat
setgid chat

expect fork

env LANG=en_US.utf8

exec dtach -n /home/chat/chatdtach.sock weechat -d /home/chat/.weechat

The LANG environment variable is so that weechat recognizes the detacher as supporting UTF-8. Without this, my weechat was displaying strange boxes on the right side instead of the vertical nick list separator. Change it to whatever locale you'd like to use.

I'm not sure if screen requires LANG. I only tested it with dtach.


From start:

Download above mentioned .deb:

wget -c http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1404/x86_64/cuda-repo-ubuntu1404_6.5-14_amd64.deb

Install it: sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu1404_6.5-14_amd64.deb

Update apt: sudo apt-get update

Install with sudo apt-get install cuda-6-5


How can I install google-chrome on 32 bit Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Google does not support Chrome on 32 bit Linux systems any more.

You may be able to find an old .deb to install, but this would be a serious security risk, since it is missing months of updates, and will not receive any in the future.


Manually installing themes and changing settings

Once downloaded and placed in the theme .themes folder, you can use the following command to install a theme from the command line:

Unity, GNOME 3 Shell/Classic, Cinnamon:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme "Yourtheme"

MATE:

mateconftool-2 --type=string --set /desktop/mate/interface/gtk_theme "Yourtheme"

Gnome 2:

gconftool-2 --type=string --set /desktop/gnome/interface/gtk_theme "Yourtheme"

Source


How to export SMS and contacts from cell phone to ubuntu

to export from android, search the google store for "contact export". this will save your contacts in csv, vcf, pdf to your phone. you then copy from phone to pc via any means you prefer: wifi, blue, usb.


That's most likely a broken fan, they have the tendency to break the most, cause a lot of noise and are among the only components that can break, but still have your computer working.

So open up your computer, switch it on and listen where the noise comes from. Also just look at all the fans, most likely you can tell already visually that they aren't running smoothly.

How to replace the fan depends on what type of CPU socket you have and which of the fans is broken, i.e. a case fan would be easier to replace then a CPU fan, while a powersupply fan requires a completely new powersupply, if its a HDD fan, you could probably just unplug it without any issue.

Cost shouldn't be that much of an issue, somewhere in the $5-$30.


Whenever I open firefox from terminal there is an error

As pointed out it's already been answered here. Just ignore it, it seems. I would be happy to ignore them.

the output when I start firefox from Terminal


Use Shift+Insert to paste from clipboard in gnome-terminal?

There is a relatively simple answer:

Open Gnome Terminal.
Open Edit → Keyboard Shortcuts.
Click on the old "Ctrl+Shift+V" shortcut for Paste until it changes to New accelerator, then press Shift+Insert.
Close the Preferences window.
Shift+Insert should now paste the clipboard.


Error message when trying to install sudo apt-get update

Dropbox’s repository key

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 5044912E

Dropbox’s repository

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main"

Update and Install

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install

Run dropbox

nautilus-dropbox

Follow instructions....


ps2pdf does not honour Pagesize directive

The lines you've highlihgted are comments (PostScript comments begin with '%'). In general a conforiming PostScritp itnerpreter will ignore comment lines altogether.

So its not that ps2pdf is failing to 'honour the PageSize directive' the problem is much more likely to be that the input file does not contain a setpagedevice request to alter the media size.

In that case you will get the default media size whcih for Ghostscript is usually either Letter or A4 depending on how the binary was built, and the the presence or absence of some extra utilities like libpaper (and whether the binary was built to use these).


What @Zanna and @karel suggested works! I followed the link by Zanna and installed the nvidia-375 driver. I don't know whether that's the same as nvidia-current from default Ubuntu 14.04, but it may well be. It asked me to reboot and disable secureboot. These instructions are ambiguous/confusing, but I managed to disable it. Now I can log in! Thanks!! I just hope the next auto-upgrade will not overwrite this.


As I recall, Blender's make install generally does not actually put itself in system executable directories.

My suggestion would be to use the .local folder in your home directory (or create it if it isn't there)

mkdir -p ~/.local/opt
copy the blender source code into that directory, giving you something like ~/.local/opt/blender
mkdir -p ~/.local/bin: create a bin directory where you can put your own executable files
Edit your .bashrc file: gedit ~/.bashrc
at the end of that file, put this line: export PATH=${HOME}/.local/bin:${PATH}
This will prepend ~/.local/bin to your PATH environment variable.
For this edit to take effect, you will need to do source ~/.bashrc for any shell that is already running.  Any new terminal that you start after saving the edited file will have the new PATH already.  If you want to be able to run blender from the gui using Alt-F2 you will need to restart (or perhaps just log out and log in again, not sure).  You can check to see if this folder is on your path by typing echo ${PATH}, and ensuring that /home/youruser/.local/bin is at the beginning
symbolic link the blender executable that you built into this bin directory:  ln -s ~/.local/opt/blender/<blender executable> ~/.local/bin/blender

Now, when you type blender at the command line, the program should run.


How to get rid of Ubuntu's "no init found" error message using Windows?

Nope, Windows (of any version) don't have read or write support for the filesystem that Ubuntu uses (most likely ext4, possibly ext3); you need to use a live cd/live usb.


If you are using ALSA on your system the I suppose you've installed Xubuntu or Lubuntu and not Ubuntu LTS. Ubuntu LTS comes with pulse audio which should be present on your system. If you want to keep ALSA as default then you must install some extra packages. You need 'gnome alsa mixer', 'esound' and quite a few other packages that can boost ALSA.

You should try first 'pulse audio' and install all software needed for pulse-audio to work. It does not generate conflicts with ALSA, and you can remove pulse-audio if you are not satisfied. You should consider disabling all hardware-accelerated features for your sound card if it is some legacy card that do not support hardware-acceleration. Pulse Audio has a built-in module especially for this kind of problems that old sound card have.

This is a good link to help you fix sound problems in Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS (Precise Pangolin) or later: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshootingProcedure


Offline installation of CUDA runtime package

According to documentation of CUDA 9.2 it should be possible. Please also take care about your Ubuntu version. CUDA 9.2 supports Ubuntu 16.04 and 17.10. If you want to use Ubuntu 18.04 then use CUDA 10.

Install repository meta-data

$ sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-<distro>_<version>_<architecture>.deb

Installing the CUDA public GPG key

When installing using the local repo:

$ sudo apt-key add /var/cuda-repo-<version>/7fa2af80.pub

Update the Apt repository cache

$ sudo apt-get update

Install CUDA

$ sudo apt-get install cuda

Please check also the pre and post installation steps in documentation!


Switching from Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS Desktop to Server version

To stop the GUI from operating you can use (current session)

sudo systemctl stop gdm

(if you were using Xubuntu which uses lightdm, you'd replace gdm with lightdm)

To make this effect subsequent reboots, you use

sudo systemctl disable gdm

To start replace stop with start, to re-enable replace disable with enable.


How do I remove songs from the IPhone App?

This appears to be a bug in the server side as this happens to me as well. I have filed a bug https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntuone-android-music/+bug/910117


How do I get a Realtek 8821 wireless card working?

According to http://wikidevi.com/wiki/Realtek_RTL8821AE_Combo_Module a staging driver is available in kernel 3.14 and a final is expected in kernel 3.15+.

Also, SteamOS already includes an experimental driver for the chipset:

http://steamcommunity.com/groups/steamuniverse/discussions/1/558746088887100821/


exact instructions for sending an SMS via a wireless modem

Disconnect ubuntu from the Huawei E398 modem.  This can be done from the task bar where Enable Mobile Broadband can be unchecked.
Using Wammu and Gammu, run from the Wammu menu Phone Wizard and select the Manual Configuration method.  Enter the port such as /dev/ttyUSB0 and connection type at115200.
After the wizard discovers the modem, enter a name for the configuration.  HuaweiE398 was fine for me.
From the menu select Phone, Connect.
From the menu select Create, Message and put in the phone number and text content.  Select the Send Message checkbox and send it.  You can also retrieve messages as follows: from the menu select Retrieve, Messages.


The question asker solved this issue by following the steps in this answer to the question Can't get into Wifi on my ASUS Notebook U56E?


Did I install the wrong ISO? 64-bit PC (AMD64) desktop image vs 32-bit PC (i386) desktop image

amd64 is for all x86 based 64-bit computers (including intel) it is called AMD because AMD initiated the 64-bit CPU and command structure.
i386 is for all x86 based 32-bit computers (including AMD).
Dual booting with windows has no impact on which you use.
Though it is advisable to have both windows and linux booting in the same mode:
ie. legacy vs EFI and 32-bit vs 64-bit.

If it boots and runs then it's working properly. Aside from some possible driver tweaks for hardware.

Considering that you have 8 GB RAM, 64-bit is the best choice. 32-bit can only access/address 3.7 GB.


I would check whether there is a firewall setup, blocking the port SSH uses.

By default, SSH uses port 22 (there is also a list here).


You stated "share internet connection" in your post, but I get the sense (from your mention of Sonicwall) that what you actually want is to have a highly configurable device on your network for monitoring traffic, traffic shaping or QoS, and blocking certain sites or services.

If you want it to be transparent and not have to change any settings on the user's PCs, you would probably have to set up an Ubuntu server as the default gateway on your network. Right now you probably have a router of some sort that connects your internal network with the outside world. You would basically be setting up an Ubuntu machine to replace your router.

It is possible to set up an Ubuntu server to do what you want without making it the default gateway on the network, but the problem is those aren't as transparent. You'll need to change settings on the user's computers to point to this box. The downside to setting up an Ubuntu gateway is that it's a fairly tall order for a Linux newcomer. The upside is Ubuntu is typically documented very well and you will get a huge amount of flexibility in how you configure, block, QoS, and monitor traffic.


Still being Prompt for Password After enabling Public Keys

Served does not have the host keys. You need to create them, preferably using

dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server


Clementine Error: The stream is encrypted and decryption is not supported

There is a package called  ubuntu-restricted-drivers that support playback for mp3 and some other patented/restricted formats but this will probably be of no help. Those files you are talking about are mostlikely DRM protected and you will not be able to use those files on anything else than your Apple products (and even that usage seems limited). Their user agreement is far too restrictive for my taste. So no, nothing to be done here for those music files specifically.

Alternative: In my country I am allowed to download music files (even though this source itself might be illegal). So in my case I would download an OGG version of that music and use that for playback with Clementine.


Select multiple files as input and output

Would this work?
for i in *.wav;
  do name=$(echo "$i" | cut -d'.' -f1)
  echo "$name"
  opusenc --bitrate 64 "$i" "${name}.opus"
done

Or (using shell parameter expansion to avoid the external cut command):
for i in *.wav; do
  opusenc --bitrate 64 "$i" "${i%.wav}.opus"
done

Thanks @user3140225 for helping with the formatting.


Problem with installation and first login

A username cannot contain white spaces and it must be a single word. A name can be your name [space] surname.

It is usually recommended to only use usernames that begin with a lower case letter or an underscore, followed by lower case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign.In regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]? On Debian, the only constraints are that usernames must neither start with a dash ('-') nor contain a colon (':') or a whitespace (space: ' ', end of line: '\n', tabulation: '\t', etc.). Note that using a slash ('/') may break the default algorithm for the definition of the user's home directory. Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long


Having Error message while using the "sudo nautilus" command in terminal

gksu nautilus would be a better way to open a gui like nautilus from the command line.

Give that a try!


You can install Windows and just don't re-format the Ubuntu Partition. (If its the whole disk, shrink it down and make space for windows)

Windows will delete Grub bootloader tho, so after installing windows use this tool to re-create GRUB bootloader

http://sourceforge.net/projects/boot-repair-cd/

Then use GParted to shrink a partition down and format the space as SWAP (Memory Partition)

PS: A usual rule is same amount of SWAP as RAM up to a certain point like 4GBS, after that I don't think you need SWAP really or definitely don't need 8GB Swap (Its used when RAM is full)

A good program also if you want to keep Windows Boot loader, look into EasyBCD to add Ubuntu to Windows Bootloader options.


Random icon/text disppearing on Nouveau, Nvidia black screen on lightdm, gdm3 boot loop

What method did you use to install the NVidia drivers?  My system also has issues with the Nouveau drivers.  Unfortunately I've had times I tried updating the NVidia drivers and was never able to get system working correctly without reinstalling Ubuntu.  Anyway, I've noticed that sometimes you can re-install the NVidia drivers only from safe mode or after switching to Nouveau and rebooting.  Ubuntu 19.10 works better with NVidia and comes with NVidia v435 (on UbuntuStudio 19.10 I have no problems with either 435 or 440 except a weird freezing when unlocking a user that I don't think is from the NVidia driver).

The last time I had issues this worked for me:

    # I switched to Nouveau drivers first
    # (I think I had to boot into Safe Mode in order to use Software Updates/Additional Drivers in order to switch to Nouveau)
    $ sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
    # (reboot)
    $ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
    $ sudo apt update
    $ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-435     # use this to install specific version 435
    # I don't think I tried v440 on Ubuntu 18.04
    # (reboot)
    $ nvidia-smi          # after reboot, check version installed)

Luckily Ubuntu 20.04 is coming out soon!  :)


Try this:

Go to the Tools menu.

Choose Preferences.

Click on Subtitles & OSD.

On the Subtitles Language tab, next to Preferred subtitles language, write the name of language you want to make default.

Then click Save.


What is causing parsing error in my /etc/fstab

I came up with the same error - here is my fix:

Using \0x40 in fstab is correct for addressing the space in the mount point name in /etc/fstab, however, when it is passed as an argument to the 'gfuser' script it is changed back into a space which results in the script treating it as 2 arguments.  I modified my 'gfuser' script by changing

  su $USERNAME -l -c "google-drive-ocamlfuse -label $1 $*"

to

  su $USERNAME -l -c "google-drive-ocamlfuse -label $1 '$2'"

by 'single quoting' the second argument from fstab (which is the mount point) the command google-drive-ocamlfuse picks up on the space...

Good luck!


Trying to get back seamless mode on my VirtualBox

I solved the problem by ejecting the disk from within Ubuntu and then I simply clicked on the 'devices' item in the nav bar of VB's app !


Check with ifconfig -a to see all interfaces

If nothing there, you may add new one:

Open VirtualBox
From menu: File → Preferences...
Network → Host-only Networks
Click (+) to insert new one


npm doesn't work for you in zsh because you don't have it in $PATH, which in turn is because it's not from the Ubuntu repository. If you execute in bash whereis npm, you'll find that it's installed in /home/gabriel/.nvm/versions/node/v10.15.3/bin/npm. This means you've downloaded it from somewhere, and then updated bash configuration (most likely the ~/.bashrc file) to add this local installation to $PATH. So, now you need to transfer this part to ~/.zshrc (you can just copy-paste that line, zsh is bash-compatible). The line may probably look like:

export PATH=$HOME/.nvm/versions/node/v10.15.3/bin/npm:$PATH

Note though, if you update this local npm binary, the v10.15.3 part is gonna get changed. So you probably want to use a symbolic link to latest npm binary.


It is a documented behavior, from man bash:

  If the huponexit shell option has been set with shopt, bash sends a
  SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.

The important words are "interactive" and "login".

When you open a terminal with Ctrl + Alt + T, you are initiating an interactive, non-login instance of shell, so huponexit won't work as expected.

On the other hand, while opening an TTY with e.g. Ctrl + Alt + F1, you are initiating an interactive, login session of bash, so huponexit will work in this case.

On a different note, when you press the X button on terminal to close it, the terminal driver in the kernel sends SIGHUP to the shell, which in turn sends SIGHUP to all its jobs, more technically all of the foreground and background process groups of the session.


Giplet is not available since Oneiric. It was removed from Ubuntu and Debian since it doesn't work under Gnome 3.

http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=645486

  Package: ftp.debian.org
  Severity: normal

  Hi,

  please remove giplet package from the archive,
  It does not work anymore with GNOME3

  Thanks in advance,

  Fabrizio

There isn't any known alternative.


How do I set a system wide node version installed via nvm?

You can set the system-wide Node.js version by typing

nvm alias default 11.10.0

Install the version that you would like:

nvm install 11.10.0

Set 11.10.0 (or another version) as default:

nvm alias default 6.1.0

Verify the current version by running node -v or nvm current


geany downloaded and installed from Ubuntu 18.04 Software Centre fails

It looks like there are two versions of geany offered in the Ubuntu Software app.

It's not obvious from the software descriptions, but one of these is a snap package. There appear to be some known issues with that version - for example, one of the user reviews notes exactly the problem you are experiencing:

  As noted by others, this version does not load instead you get the
  error "Geany cannot load Failed to open file
  '/share/geany/geany.glade':"

  Thanks for the offer in the snap store, but look elsewhere if you want
  it to work

I suggest you remove that version and install the traditional Ubuntu package instead. To distinguish between the versions, scroll down to the Details section and make sure you see

Source: ubuntu-bionic-universe

not

Source: Snap Store

If you prefer to use the command line, you can (as suggested by @norbert) try

snap remove geany-gtk
sudo apt install geany geany-plugins


What Plasma versions will be available within 18.04 LTS?

plasma-workspace appears to be updating in 18.04 only in the 5.12 version series. plasma-workspace version is either 5.12.4 in the 18.04 bionic/universe repository or 5.12.7 in the 18.04 bionic-updates/universe repository. plasma-workspace version is 5.13.5 in the default Ubuntu 18.10 repositories, 5.14.5 in the default Ubuntu 19.04 repositories, 5.16.5 in the default Ubuntu 19.10 repositories and 5.18.4 in the default Ubuntu 20.40 repositories.


Have you tried to install using the alternative CD? This uses a text based installer, and once you have installed the NVidia drivers your system should work properly.


How to add unallocated space to encrypted partition (using Gparted)

I was able to enlarge the partition using the method outlined in this forum post.

I'll repost it here in case that post is taken down. Side note: I did not do steps 1 - 3, because I had already managed to enlarge the partition in Gparted.

Boot a live CD and, using any tool, create a new partition, lets call it /dev/sda6 , next to and to the left of (after) your crypt.
Write random data to the new partition.

Make sure you have the correct partition for this command or you will overwrite your crypt.

sudo dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sda6

You can run that command as many times as your paranoia requires.

Use fdisk as above to delete and then re-create a larger crypt partition.
Reboot to the live CD.
Install lvm2 and cryptsetup.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install lvm2 cryptsetup

Load the cryptsetup module.

sudo modprobe dm-crypt

Decrypt your file system.

sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda5 crypt1

Get the live CD to recognize (activate) your LVM.

sudo vgscan --mknodes
sudo vgchange -ay

Resize the Crypt.

sudo cryptsetup resize crypt1

Resize the (LVM) Physical volume.

sudo pvresize /dev/mapper/crypt1

Resize your root (LVM) Logical Volume.

Unlock the physical volume.

sudo pvchange -x y /dev/mapper/crypt1

Resize your root (LVM) Logical Volume.

lvresize -L +4G /dev/hardy/root

Note: Change the +4G to the amount of space you are adding.

Re-lock the (LVM) Physical Volume.

sudo pvchange -x n /dev/mapper/crypt1

Resize the filesystem.

sudo e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/hardy-root
sudo resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/hardy-root


First of all, I would recommend using deadsnakes ppa How do I install Python 3.3?

What you need to understand is your virtualenv package should be compatible with python3. I.e.virtualenv should be installed with python3.3. This can be done with easy_install OR pip compatible with python3.3.

Or

Also python3.3 comes with inbuilt virtualenv which can be used as

python3.3 -m venv VIRTUAL_ENV_NAME

pyvenv VIRTUAL_ENV_NAME

These binaries may be in /opt. So you may require full path.


Why do I need to run "/bin/bash --login"

It sounds like the environment necessary for the system to find the installed ruby components is specified in a file that only gets read for login shells. The bash manual page has this to say about the difference between login shells and non-login shells:

INVOCATION
   A  login shell is one whose first character of argument zero is a -, or
   one started with the --login option.

and

   When bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-inter‐
   active shell with the --login option, it first reads and executes  com‐
   mands  from  the file /etc/profile, if that file exists. After reading
   that file, it looks for ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile,
   in  that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that
   exists and is readable.

whereas

   When an interactive shell that is not a login shell  is  started,  bash
   reads  and  executes  commands  from /etc/bash.bashrc and ~/.bashrc, if
   these files exist.

Hence if the ruby environment variables are in /home/rails/.profile or /etc/profile for example, they will be added to the shell environment

by explicitly invoking a login shell using su -l rails or su --login rails or the shorthand su - rails
when user rails logs in via SSH
by starting a subshell as bash --login after login

If you want the ruby environment to be set regardless of how you switch to user rails, you could move the relevant variable definitions to the user's ~/.bashrc instead.


In the end the following worked.

sudo gparted

Once in gparted I selected the raid disk (sdc) and then performed a "Check" on the drive to ensure everything was ok.

After this the array still would not work.

I then used the following command to get the array to work:

sudo mdadm --run --verbose /dev/md127

This seemed to work and allowed my to mount the array and view the files:

sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/md127 /media/raid1

This did still return an error No md superblock detected on /dev/md127 but at least I could access the files.

I am still unsure what really happened but it seems solved for now.


Can Nautilus search hidden files/directories?

No.

This is a known issue with Nautilus, not only happening in Ubuntu but any distribution using it.

The best way to look for hidden files / folders in your computer will then be via a terminal, ie:

find / -name "Kung Fu Panda"

So, find in / any file / folder with -name is equal to Kung Fu Panda.


How to create ubuntu server 16.04 autologin?

In Ubuntu 16.04, which uses systemd, the method is slightly different. I'll quote the relevant bits of my related post How do I override or configure systemd services?:

  Say I want to have TTY2 autologin to my user (this is not advisable,
  but just an example). TTY2 is run by the getty@tty2 service (tty2
  being an instance of the template
  /lib/systemd/system/getty@service). To do this, I have to modify the
  getty@tty2 service.

  […]

  In particular, I have to change the ExecStart line, which currently
  is:

$ systemctl cat getty@tty2 | grep Exec
ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty --noclear %I $TERM

  To override this, do:

sudo systemctl edit getty@tty2

  And add:

[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty -a <USERNAME> --noclear %I $TERM

  […]

  Now:

$ systemctl cat getty@tty2 | grep Exec
ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty --noclear %I $TERM
ExecStart=
ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty -a <USERNAME> --noclear %I $TERM

  And if I do:

sudo systemctl restart getty@tty2

  and press CtrlAltF2, presto! I'll be
  logged into my account on that TTY.


How to doubleclick a Java Jar and start it without sudo

You have 4 options from least secure to most secure:

Run java as root by:

a. Marking java as setuid root. OR

b. Using sudo to say that the app can be run as root without a password.  See NOPASSWD option in /etc/sudoers; or
Give all users access to the USB device mentioned:

a. By marking the device as read-write by everyone; or

b. By marking the device as setuid root.

It depends how the app is accessing the device as to which option will work.  I recommend trying option 2a first and working your way up the list.

Note that when marking anything as setuid root, you have to find the actual binary  /usr/lib/java-....-/bin/java.  setuid-root-ing the "alternatives" symlink is not going to work.


How do I install Ubuntu 16.04 alongside Windows 10 on Lenovo M710?

Lenovo boot screen can be accessed by Fn + F2 keys, boot device selection by Fn + F12.