KDE won't see the shortcuts/widgets from other partitions/hard disks

It sounds like the partition your files are on is not automatically mounted when your computer boots.  When you go to the settings and select "Specify Folder" and navigate to the folder, or when you open up the file manager and click on the drive, the computer mounts the partition, which gives you access to all of the files on it.
To fix it so you don't have to do this anymore, you should add the drive to your fstab file.  Here's a way to do it so you don't have to re-adjust your shortcuts and folder views:
Find the UUID of the Partition

Open up the file manager and click on the drive.  This will mount the partition.  We will use this to find some information about the drive.

Open a terminal and type the command mount.  This command will show you everything that is mounted on your computer.  Your partition will probably be the one on the bottom.  That line will look something like
/dev/sda3 on /media/98cab7eb-ceb8-47f9-8a39-cccecbe4e134 type ext4 (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisk),
except you will have different jibberish instead of the bold jibberish for my example, and it probably won't start with sda3.  That jibberish is the UUID of your drive.  We need to copy the UUID, so select it, right-click, and choose "Copy"

Go back to the file manager, and on the drive in the list of drives on the left, right-click and choose Unmount.

Now back to the terminal!!

First, create the directory to be the mount point:
sudo mkdir /media/98cab7eb-ceb8-47f9-8a39-cccecbe4e134

Backup /etc/fstab:
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak

Next, open your /etc/fstab file:  Open /etc/fstab with an editor, such as nano.
sudo nano /etc/fstab

Add the following line to the end of your /etc/fstab file
UUID=98cab7eb-ceb8-47f9-8a39-cccecbe4e134  /media/98cab7eb-ceb8-47f9-8a39-cccecbe4e134  ext4  defaults  0  0
the spaces between entries should be tabs, and make sure the part that says ext4 matches what you got from the mount command earlier.

Reload fstab:
sudo mount -a

If you get any errors at this point, go back and double-check the line in your /etc/fstab file.

Now your shortcuts and folder views should work.

Note:
This is not exactly the "correct" to do this, but it will work without negative consequences.  The /media directory is normally used by your system for mounting devices dynamically.  The correct way to accomplish what you seek is to create the mount point directory as /mnt/98cab7eb-ceb8-47f9-8a39-cccecbe4e134 and adjust the fstab file.  But then you'd have to change all your shortcuts and folder views.


How to upgrade a package to the latest version?

Manually download patroni 1.6.4 from the officially Ubuntu 20.04 repositories and install it in Ubuntu 18.04 by running the following commands:

cd ~/Desktop/
wget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/patroni_1.6.4-2ubuntu1_all.deb
sudo apt remove patroni
sudo apt install ./patroni_1.6.4-2ubuntu1_all.deb


Screen fade to black after 10 minutes and never come back

I figured out by adding consoleblank = 0 in /boot/uEnv.txt file. I think this file is the same as kernel commands in boot process.

extraargs = disp.screen0_output_mode=1280x720p60 consoleblank=0


Ubuntu 11.10, Nvidia GeForce 8400 gs driver support?

Have you installed the NVidia proprietary drivers? You can install the latest driver by going to "Additional Drivers" and selecting one from the list of available drivers.

Side note: A lot of details are missing from your post. If you like more help, please update your post with more details. I think this is your first post, welcome to Ask Ubuntu :) this place is awesome!


Ubuntu 18.04: Is dynamic swap space sizing practical? Running out of memory crashed Ubuntu

You watched a YouTube video that discussed the parameter vm.swappiness, and then set your vm.swappiness=10, which is totally wrong for your system with 8G RAM. That's why you're "running out of memory".

Set vm.swappiness=80 (based on 8G RAM and 8G SWAP), this way...

sudo -H gedit /etc/sysctl.conf # edit this file

Search for an existing vm.swappiness= entry...

CTRL+f vm.swappiness

If found, edit it to say vm.swappiness=80
If not found, add vm.swappiness=80 at the end of the file

Save your edits and quit gedit

sudo sysctl -p

Note: Based on what apps you're running, you might also be best served by adding more RAM, and changing vm.swappiness to a different value. To get the speed advantage of memory interleaving, do it in equal size RAM stick pairs, so in your case, add another 8G RAM stick (if you have one 8G RAM stick installed now). If you have two 4G sticks installed now, then you'll need two 8G RAM sticks.


Touchpad-Indicator will allow you to toggle on/off the touchpad, simply, and quickly.

Open a terminal, and run the
following:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:atareao/atareao.

sudo apt-get update.

sudo apt-get install touchpad-indicator.

You may then launch
touchpad-indicator from Accessories.


XAMPP MySQL and phpMyAdmin error Ubuntu 14.04

They may are two problem:
1. MySql is off
2. your settings for your socket are wrong.

For 1. just restart the MySql server.
For 2. grep -w mysql.default_socket /opt/lampp/etc/php.ini shows your socket.
Try to set it to blank and run the server again.


Trying to execute a terminal command from an application launcher does not work

Use which command to find the exact location of the anaconda-navigator then place that in the Exec field in your .desktop file:

Exec=/home/nigra/.anaconda3/bin/anaconda-navigator


Using Unattended-Upgrades to update security packages without user interaction

What question is triggering the user-interaction?
I include these settings in my apt configuration for unattended-upgrades.  They will answer dpkg prompts for configuration file changes
DPkg::Options {
        "--force-confold";
        "--force-confdef";
};

More information at https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.automatic-upgrades.html
EDIT
I don't know how the update-notifier code differentiates between security updates and other updates.  The MOTD output may use different criteria than unattended-upgrades.
If you are looking specifically at php7.0-fpm, check the output of apt-cache policy php7.0-fpm.  That will tell you what the candidate version is and what repository the version comes from.
One of the potential sources of confusion with unattended-upgrades is the default config does not install updates from the updates repository.  Here is another apt config I use to install updates from the updates repository (as well as the ESM repositories).
#clear Unattended-Upgrade::Allowed-Origins;
Unattended-Upgrade::Allowed-Origins {
        "${distro_id}:${distro_codename}";
        "${distro_id}:${distro_codename}-updates";
        "${distro_id}:${distro_codename}-security";
        "${distro_id}ESM:${distro_codename}";
        "${distro_id}ESM:${distro_codename}-updates";
        "${distro_id}ESM:${distro_codename}-security";
};

The package php7.0-fpm indicates another potential problem.  You say you are using 18.04.4, but that package only exists in the official repositories for 16.04.  If you installed this from an unofficial repository, then unattended-upgrades won't update the package unless the Origins-Pattern matches it.


Yes the bundles contain all of the relationships, and configuration values. You can see these by opening the bundle deployer YAML file in your text editor.

Currently, some bundles require you to modify one or more of their service settings prior to deploying ex) bundles which include ceph https://jujucharms.com/precise/ceph-18/#bws-readme.


how to recover installed packages from old ubuntu?

As I am running fine with Debian Jessie, I can only assume the path to be similiar:

/var/cache/apt/archives/

If you did NOT regulary

$ sudo apt-get clean all

You will find there all the installed packages, representing the physical files of

$dpkg --list

To keep your current settings, you probably want to go for the /home directory. And for sure the directories you mentioned.
Did you inspect your grub bootloader?


Installed 7zip. Not working. And when removing, it says to remove Fileroller as well

First of all, p7zip that you have installed is a command line tool -- it has no reason to appear in the sidebar. You run it from command line. It is an obscure little tool and in the fifteen or so years I use Linux I never had the need to install it.

Second: you definitely do not need p7zip to open tar.gz files; this is the standard archive / compression in Unix, virtually any Unix comes with tools provided to open and handle that files. .tar is the archive that has been compressed with gzip to get the .tar.gz file.

The error message that you are getting indicates that your file is broken; it was not completely downloaded. This is why gzip complains. p7zip will not help you, you need to download the file again.

Third, the problem with dependencies is another issue. I tried to repeat your procedure, and did not observe the same problem. However, if it is a matter of keeping p7zip (which is not large), I'd just keep it.


Ubuntu live from USB with full persistence and NTFS

Overview

See this link,

Try Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, ...) before installing it

You can do all this with a persistent live drive created by mkusb-dus.

You can also create an installed system, that boots in both UEFI and BIOS mode

help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/UEFI-and-BIOS

Answering your questions

mkusb creates a persistent live drive where partition #1 has the NTFS file system, which can be read by Windows. (Sometimes Windows wants to repair it. It will find no error, but after that it is happy. Probably it wants to mark that it has accepted it.)
In a persistent live system you can install program packages. But you cannot use new kernels, because the overlay system for persistence is activated after the linux kernel from the live system is started. Usually you should avoid general upgrades like you do with installed systems. (But if you have a lot of drive space for the casper-rw partition, you can do general upgrades. I am testing it with a 60 GB SSD, and it has worked well for a long time now.) Otherwise, if you want a fully up to date system, you should use an installed system (in the USB pendrive).
mkusb creates a persistent live drive, that can boot in both UEFI and BIOS mode. See this link for more details,

Compressed image file with a persistent live system
mkusb makes a persistent live system, where journaling is turned off, which reduces wear.

If you make an installed system, you should consider the following points, as described at this link,

help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/UEFI-and-BIOS#Final_system_tweaks

Add the mount option noatime in /etc/fstab
Turn off journaling
Maybe remove swap

Live/portable SSDs

Advice from @karel here at AskUbuntu: USB flash drives are not the best devices to install a live USB distro from a durability standpoint. Some live/portable SSDs have almost the same form factor as live USBs and come in sizes up to 256GB. As you might expect, live/portable SSDs are quite a bit more expensive than ordinary USB flash drives.

I agree that this is a good alternative, if you are prepared to pay for it. See also these links,

help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick#Notes_about_speed

help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick#The_flash_hardware


Use modprobe to install the "wl" driver.

sudo modprobe wl


kill a process by name if running longer than 24 hours

In the man page for ps it states if you use bsdstart it will show the time the command started:

   bsdstart    START     time the command started.  If the process was
                         started less than 24 hours ago, the output format
                         is " HH:MM", else it is " Mmm:SS" (where Mmm is
                         the three letters of the month).  See also
                         lstart, start, start_time, and stime.

Then you can use a combined command to pull the date, pid, and the command running and using grep to exclude -v the lines that start with numbers or spaces then numbers like so:

ps -eo bsdstart,pid,cmd | grep -i cool-porgram | grep -v '^[ 0-9]'

To kill them the command would be:

sudo kill $(ps -eo bsdstart,pid,cmd | grep -i cool-porgram | grep -v '^[ 0-9]' | awk '{print $3}')

Hope this helps!


Should I switch to Python 3.5 from Python 2.7.6 in Ubuntu 14.04?

The two links talk about different things. The first one talks about using python 3.4 for your own scripts and project while the other one talks about upgrading your default Ubuntu python version.

Since Python 2 and 3 can both be installed on one system you can use python 3 for your projects without changing the system default.

I don't think it's safe switching your default Python version (from 2 to 3). And it is completely unnecessary since python 2 and 3 can run side by side.

When you have python 2 and 3 side by side, the terminal has 2 commands python and python3

Good Luck :)


Disconnected + Reconnected Hub, now an external monitor isn't being detected

Figured it out. Switching the display mode or whatever with Super (Windows Key) + p immediately fixed the issue. No idea why and this setting doesn't appear to be anywhere in the "Displays" Gnome system settings. But, it instantly fixed the issue.


Are you using Ubuntu as a Host (physical device) and Kali as a guest (Virtual Machine).

Assuming "yes", you have to add your user to vboxusers group.
To do that, open a terminal and run:

sudo adduser USERNAME vboxusers

Then you will need to close your session or reboot the computer and try again.

For more information, take a look to this article: Set up USB for VirtualBox


It looks great, but my only concern would be your Micrcosoft Reserved Partition (MSR) partition which should be immediately after your UEFI System Partition (ESP).

If you want to be a perfectionist the MSR should also be 128 Mb (megabytes), not 128 MiB (mebibytes). I wouldn't bother getting that specific though. I believe Microsoft incorrectly refers to megabytes so your sizing should actually be correct anyways. However if you have a Windows installation or Windows installation disc you could verify your MSR shows up as the correct size in megabytes under Windows. You can do this in the Windows terminal by typing "diskpart" which is a cli partitioning tool. Then "select disk0", and "list partitions".

Keep in mind that unless you are using software that is designed to use hidden sectors you don't actually need an MSR. I personally don't bother with it, but if you're not sure then it's best to have one.

You may also want to create a 100 Mb System partition which would come before the MSR.

There is a section on MSR partitions here:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn640535%28v=vs.85%29.aspx

Information about Microsofts recommened partition setup (System Partition, ESP, MSR, and etc):
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd799232%28v=ws.10%29.aspx#SystemPartitions


Increase launcher and applet spacing on the Gnome Classic panel

I've finally managed to resolve spacing problem and ready to share my solution. Add to ~/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css following lines:

.gnome-panel-menu-bar.menubar .menuitem,
PanelWidget .button {
    padding: 0px 4px;
}

First line affects spacing of the menu headers (Applications and Places), second one affects launchers spacing. Here is the result:

You can increase spacing even more, changing second padding parameter (6 pixel will make it even with the spacing of the Indicator Applet icons in the top right corner), but I'm pretty happy with 4 pixel. Remember that increasing of padding will also make task buttons on the bottom panel wider, as they are also Panel Widgets. Or you can set spacing separately for the menu headers and launchers - it's up to you:

.gnome-panel-menu-bar.menubar .menuitem {
    padding: 0px 4px;
}

PanelWidget .button {
    padding: 0px 3px;
}

Update: Finally found the way to increase panel separators padding. Add to ~/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css several more lines:

PanelSeparator {
    padding: 4px 8px;
}

First padding parameter will reduce the length of separators, second one will make the spacing on both sides of the separator.
Here is the final result:


No Guile Development package found im compiling open-connect source code from git-hub

In synaptic package manager or through the terminal with "apt-get install", install guile and guile-dev. After the installation, you will have /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/guile-.pc file. Then all you need to do is to:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig

and then configure or just go to the source directory and run:
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig ./configure


Looking at what you've shown, I guess there are at least two issues.

First, your path is incorrect.  You shouldn't set your path to "/usr/bin/python3.6".  I think that's an executable.  You should set your path to "/usr/bin/" (which should have been set for you).  In that directory, there should be a symbolic link from "python3" to "python3.6" (in /usr/bin/ do a ls -al python*).  If what you want is python3, then the above should fix your problem.

You should be able to type "which python3".  I don't know what "python" should point to (i.e., python2 or python3...I've lost track if it still points to python2).  So, if what you're after is python 2.X, then you should check to see if it has been installed on your system.

Miniconda is a completely different issue.  If you've installed Miniconda, you probably need to do a conda activate.  This would activate your base environment.  Alternatively, if you want to find an environment, then conda activate <some environment>.  If you check your path, activating a Miniconda environment essentially prepends its path in front of PATH.

(You might want to double-check that conda is in your path; that is, if it was correctly installed.  i.e., which conda  Also, the bottom of your ~/.bashrc should have been modified.)

Given what you asked, I guess the second solution is what you wanted.  But you should fix your PATH variable anyway.


windows 10 users different boot record style GPT.

  You can not install it to a drive with a Master Boot Record (MBR)
  Windows 10 uses GPT which is far better for large hard drives. GPT
  supports more than 4 partition entrys and huge hard drives

i hope this link can help you
http://www.everydaylinuxuser.com/2015/11/how-to-install-ubuntu-linux-alongside.html


Should I run 'ntpdate' regularly or should I use the NTP service?

About ntpdate:

Should be used to sync the time at that moment only. It will leave the time alone after it has been run.
Limits to one remote peer to sync with.
Does not account for skew caused by your system clock.

About the ntp (service):

Checks multiple remote peers.
Ability to check for remote peers that provide wrong time. They will be ignored. Run ntpq -p to list the remote peers and the "score" (+, -, *) ntp gives it.
Will keep track of the time of the machine and adjusts time by very small increments to compensate for skew caused by your system clock.
Does not apply a large offset. If your system clock is off for a few hours, ntp won't touch it. See Unable to synchronize time using NTP

Conclusion: Use ntpdate the first time you use the system (done by the Ubuntu installer if you're connected to the internet), then configure ntp correctly and it should keep your clock in sync. That is the best option in my opinion.


`Network Manager` GUI Missing in Ubuntu 18.04

I'm totally agree, GNOME 3 Settings network managements features are the very entry-level ATM, comparing to original Network Manager GUI and Applet.

How to enable classic Network Manager GUI for Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic

(For current user.)

Command-line solution:

# Make sure is's installed
sudo apt-get install network-manager network-manager-gnome

# Enable application desktop item
sed 's/^NotShowIn=/#NotShowIn=/g' /usr/share/applications/nm-connection-editor.desktop > ~/.local/share/applications/nm-connection-editor.desktop

# Set applet to auto-start
sed 's/^NotShowIn=/#NotShowIn=/g; s/^NoDisplay=/#NoDisplay=/g' /usr/share/applications/nm-applet.desktop > ~/.config/autostart/nm-applet.desktop


Ubuntu 16.04 does not install. (There is only the ubuntu start screen but no installation)

Have you tried holding down F6 during a cold boot, select language, then F6 again to get the options on the lower right to show up. Select nolapic, EDD=On, and nomodeset. Press ENTER. Next, down arrow to the second line which is the Install line. DO NOT PRESS ENTER OR A LEFT OR RIGHT ARROW!! Now back space and delete quiet and splash with nomodeset. Now press ENTER. The installation will begin and if it hangs up now, you will see what was the last process/script that completed.

You should go to the grub, where you choose the booting operating system. If it doesn't appear by default, you should press shift until you see it. Then choose the Ubuntu, or Install Ubuntu (it depends, you will see it hopefully), go to it with the arrows and press the 'e' key. Here go to the line which contains "quiet splash" at the end and add "acpi=off" after these words. Then press F10 to boot with these settings. you should be aware of that it changes only for the initial boot, after it, when you want to install Linux, you need to change it again.


By default, Ubunuto will install on the internal hard drive.  You can specify where you want it installed.  You can't install Ubunto onto the Live Ubunto USB.  It's telling you there is no space because it doesn't see a place to install.

Go into Windows, Start, type diskmgmt.msc in the search box, and reduce the size of the Windows partition, to make room for Ubuntu.  Leave the space as unallocated.  Reboot with the Ubunto iso.  Install it to that unallocated space.

If you want to install Ubunto onto that 8GB Sandisk card (not an iso version, but a version where you can save files and add apps - an iso is an unchangeable image), you need to either have another Sandisk to boot from, or you can run install from the Ubunto you installed to your hard drive.

If Ubuntu is installed on your internal disk, when you boot up it will ask you which OS you want to run.

If you install Ubuntu on the Sandisk instead, you have the option of having Ubunto put Grub (the OS selector) on the internal drive, or not.  The first option is straightforward.  The easiest way to accomplish the second option is to disable the internal drive in BIOS, or physically take it out, and then run the Ubuntu install ISO (you need an extra booting Sandisk to do this).  This latter option leave your internal hard drive alone.  It won't put Grub on there.


can I add ubuntu liveusb to a "windows recovery" usb?

There are apps (both Windows and Linux) which allow making a multiple-Linux LiveUSB, so you can have Live images of multiple releases of Ubuntu, Ubuntu Budgie, Ubuntu Core, Ubuntu Kylin, Ubuntu MATE, Ubuntu Studio, Kubuntu, Lubuntu and Xubuntu, all on one LiveUSB. Here's a handy review of some of them.

Windows apps to generate multiboot LiveUSBs: Multiboot, Multisystem, YUMI Sardu Pro (not free) and WinSetupFromUSB.

Linux GUI apps to generate multiboot Live USBs: Multiboot and Sardu Pro (not free). It can also be done from the command line, but I don't have time now to research that.

Adding Windows to the USB, however, is more complex, for Windows 10 is designed not to run from a LiveUSB; what you find on a Windows USB is an installation package which doubles as a recovery package.


pip install ... Failed with error code 1

first of all never use apt-get to install virtualenv. Hell I want to say never use sudo to install virtualenv but I don't want to make your life more complicated right know.

Did you include virtualenvwrapper in your .zshrc, I've got a billion question, better to remove everything, here's how to install it properly if you want to take a look

curl -O http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py
sudo python ez_setup.py
sudo easy_install pip
sudo pip install virtualenv
sudo pip install virtualenvwrapper

Maybe not the best method but it will always work.

Back to my question: Did you include virtualenvwrapper in your .zshrc I put my money on: No.

so create a virtualenv folder like so for example mkdir /.virtualenvs and then open ~/.zshrc in your favorite editor and include

export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/local/bin/python2.7

and lastly do

source .zshrc and source $HOME/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh


Can shell (command line) display GUI generated commands?

You can configure the Netbeans menu item run netbeans in a visible terminal window:

Right-click the Applications menu and then click Edit Menus.
On the Programming menu, select Netbeans and then click Properties.
Change the Type to Application in Terminal and then click Close.

It might take a minute for the menu to be updated with the new settings. If you're impatient, try running killall gnome-panel to force a reload.

Tip: To make the terminal window stay open after Netbeans has closed, use the menu editor again to change the Netbeans menu item's command from netbeans to sh -c 'netbeans ; bash'.


Ubuntu 12.04 installation on GPT + RAID going into grub rescue

I'm not sure if this is the correct answer but I tend to put /boot outside LVM or software RAID system. The latest grub2 boot loader might support this (in certain configuration) but this is not completely guarantee.

Perhaps you could investigate this idea.

From Wikipedia, about mdadm:

  Since support for MD is found in the kernel, there is an issue with
  using it before the kernel is running. Specifically it will not be
  present if the boot loader is either (e)LiLo or GRUB legacy. It may
  not be present for GRUB 2. In order to circumvent this problem a /boot
  filesystem must be used either without md support, or else with RAID1.
  In the latter case the system will boot by treating the RAID1 device
  as a normal filesystem, and once the system is running it can be
  remounted as md and the second disk added to it. This will result in a
  catch-up, but /boot filesystems ought to be small.


I am unable to install programs after 12.04 upgrade and attempt to install Libreoffice

The openoffice.org-debian-menus is the cause of your problems. This should sort it:

sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/libreoffice-common_1%3a3.5.2-2ubuntu1_all.deb

Then you should be able to continue with your upgrade.


How do I read from a real floppy disk to a virtualbox OS?

Following from here:

Go to your Virtualbox Settings. In the USB section, check the two tick boxes to ensure your USB device can be shared.

Install the VirtualBox Guest Additions package for your system.

If your device is "greyed out" in the USB filter Devices > USB Devices, then you need to fix group permissions.

In a terminal, run

usermod -a -G vboxusers yourUserName

to ensure you are in the vboxusers group.

You should now be able to forward your USB device to your virtual OS.


Errors while trying to upgrade to the latest Unity3D (Game Engine) version

Simply remove Unity folder from /opt/ and use gdebi to install the new version, which has proven far better than using dpkg and worrying about the dependencies. So simply do:

sudo rm -r /opt/Unity/
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gdebi
sudo gdebi unity-editor_amd64-2017.2.0f3.deb


Safer alternative to using .smbcredentials

Currently, there is no support for encrypted credentials.  From the smbclient manpage regarding -U and -A which is what is passed behind the scenes:
   -A|--authentication-file=filename
       This option allows you to specify a file from which to read the
       username and password used in the connection.
       ...
       Make certain that the permissions on the file restrict access from
       unwanted users.

   -U|--user=username[%password]
       Sets the SMB username or username and password.

       ...
       A third option is to use a credentials file which contains the
       plaintext of the username and password. This option is mainly
       provided for scripts where the admin does not wish to pass the
       credentials on the command line or via environment variables. If
       this method is used, make certain that the permissions on the file
       restrict access from unwanted users. See the -A for more details.
       ...

This is current even in 20.04 currently.  You must use plain-text credentials.

You state the 'risk of a user's account being breached' is a risk, and these credentials are also admin creds:

The passwords required by the institution are one for everything (admin, mail, storage).

Rule #2 of IT Security is the concept of least privilege and privilege separation.  This is where you separate admin and non-admin accounts.  All good organizations have some aspect of this in play and this then prevents 'admin' access on other systems.  Storage and Email access is simply a matter of having to audit access attempts or restrict how someone can access information.
The other problem though is, if your system is hacked, you have a host of other problems the least of which is password leakage for one specific user (which you could fix with a forced password change in your Active Directory / LDAP system).
The only other way to do this without password leakage might be to write a wrapper around the mounting, request credentials manually, and then execute a mount command directly without exposing the credentials file or the password.  The tricky part here is, this has to be manually user-entered and executed, which means your automatic fstab mount won't work.  It also would require specialized access (or a specific sudoers entry to work right) because you'd be passing the mount options in and only root can do that currently in all mount setups.
And as for the rest of your comment:

... perhaps I suggest that they allow (or better, require) different passwords for samba/storage access

... you'd have to take that up with the Samba developers on samba.org.  Chances are though this is a request already somewhere in line, but Windows interoperability is a pain so...


how to display quota info on lock screen?

Till now there is no option to do that. If you wish you can download the source code of the unity-greeter and lightdm and try to do it yourself. But This is not a valid option right now.


Keyboard shortcuts don't work in gnome shell

Gnome-Shell uses not Metacity Window Manager, but new Window Manager - Mutter, which uses new configuration system - dconf, while old GNOME and Ubuntu Unity interface uses old configuration system - gconf. Because of this "System Settings" -> Keyboard -> Shortcuts doesn't work on Ubuntu with GNOME3 shell :(

One Workaround

Install dconf-tools

Run dconf-editor

Look in org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings or org.gnome.mutter.keybindings

See Ubuntu bug #965921 for more info and workarounds.

Some useful info also can be found here: blog.sudobits.com/2011/10/12/top-10-gnome-shell-keyboard-shortcuts/


I had the same problem. you can install blue-tooth manager from Ubuntu software center.


Apt-get or aptitude is running on my laptop and doesn´t let my update my software, how do I turn it of?

Try to restart your computer (use sudo reboot in a terminal). After restarts the first thing you should do is to open a terminal and run next commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

These will update your software. Don't install/unsinstall nothing in this time using another program.


Screen resolution not showing all options on 18.04

After much research, I found the solution.To add new resolutions, you need to use the command xrandr.
In my case I would like resolution 1368x768:

cvt 1368 768

with the output of that command used as a parameter for the new command.

xrandr --newmode "1368x768_60.00"   85.25  1368 1440 1576 1784  768 771 781 798 -hsync +vsync
xrandr --addmode eDP-1 "1368x768_60.00"

However when restarting the system you will lose these settings, to solve this you must add a script at ubuntu startup.

Create a script called /path/to/.set_monitor.sh

#!/bin/bash
cvt 1368 768 # xrandr only works in X11 sessions, not Wayland
[ "$XDG_SESSION_TYPE" = x11 ] || exit 0
xrandr --newmode "1368x768_60.00"   85.25  1368 1440 1576 1784  768 771 781 798 -hsync +vsync
xrandr --addmode eDP-1 "1368x768_60.00"

and add the following command to startup applications.

/bin/bash /path/to/.set_monitor.sh


How can I get a live-only drive with Ubuntu 19.10 and newer versions?

Cloned drive

A cloned drive, created with the 'Startup Disk Creator' in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
or newer versions, has a hybrid iso9660 file system, which works both in
DVDs and USB pendrives (and memory cards), but it is read-only by design,
so you cannot edit anything in it. Also 'Disks' alias gnome-disks, and
'mkusb' (when cloning and creating live-only drives) make USB drives with
a hybrid iso9660 file system.

But a cloned Ubuntu 19.10+ live drive is not really live-only

  Isn't live the default for a cloned drive?

Well, it used to be, and it is still live but not live-only in 19.10.

The default action is that a casper-rw partition is created automatically
and it is mounted to /var/crash and /var/log, so that some of the things
you are doing are logged.

This is good for debugging for example when there are problems during
the installation of Ubuntu into an internal drive,
but you may want to use a live-only drive for payments and other tasks
where you want highest possible security and privacy.

How to make your USB boot drive with Ubuntu 19.10+

There is a new feature in the casper package in Ubuntu 19.10. It makes it
much easier to create and use a casper-rw partition for persistence, in other words
to make a persistent live drive.
This feature is also used to create logs for debugging when the drive is
running live (without the boot option persistent).
You can edit your binary iso file and replace the cosmetic boot options
quiet splash with the boot option 'persistent  ' or 'nopersistent'
(the strings contain 12 characters, so the replacement can be done without
any offset in the following part(s) of the iso file. You can do it with sed

sed 's/quiet splash/persistent  /' standard.iso > persistent.iso
sed 's/quiet splash/nopersistent/' standard.iso > nopersistent.iso

and clone the modified iso file, or flash directly with

sed 's/quiet splash/persistent  /' standard.iso > /dev/sdx
sed 's/quiet splash/nopersistent/' standard.iso > /dev/sdx

where x is the device letter for the USB pendrive.

You can do it with a safety belt using mkusb-plug

Here we focus on 'No-persistent live drive' in order to make a purely live-only drive, where nothing will be preserved after shutdown and reboot.


How to update Python to the latest version on Ubuntu 16.04

You cannot update python versions within the first two digits (As far, as I am concerned)

That is, although, you can update python3.8 from your current version (let's say 3.8.2) into the highest available at repository (let's say 3.8.5) by the standard sudo apt-get update, you cannot update from python3.8 to python3.9, neither from python2.7 into python 3.5: you must install the new version parallel to the first one. In that way, both versions 3.8 and 3.9 would be installed in your Ubuntu.
For instance, in your case, if you do as @Rustam says sudo apt-get install python3.8, you would not update python2.7 to python3.8, but you would have both python versions installed 2.7 and 3.8.

Why can we only install parallel versions instead of updating?

The reason was given by @Rinzwind. If we remove another version of python, we could break all software depending on that version, i.e., we may not be able to run it with the new version. The best example is the incompatibility of python2 and python3 software. But I have also experienced problems trying to run python3.5 software with python3.8.

Now, which of all python versions uses my Ubuntu?

You can see that by means of the "python links". These are links in the /usr/bin directory. Just go there and run ll | grep python. You will see 3 important links: python python2 and python3 that tell you the versions that your operative system uses.
For example, in my Ubuntu I have
python -> python3
python2 -> python2.7
python3 -> python3.8

Which means, if python is executed without specifying any version, python3 will be the chosen version. If python2 is executed then the chosen version is 2.7. And finally if python3 is executed then the chosen version is 3.8.


after 16.04 upgrade - will not boot without external drive attached

As per our discussion above...

You don't need to mount sda1 and sda4, so remove those. If you're going to mount sda2, you need to make sure that FAST BOOT and HIBERNATION are turned off in Windows. Why the (possibly) over-complex mounts for sda5 and sdb1?

If you're going to mount sdb1 via fstab, then you'll need to have the external drive connected at all times. If however, you remove this mount, then when you connect the external drive, if it doesn't automatically mount, you can manually mount it by clicking on its name in the left pane of a Nautilus file manager window.

Glad you got it going! Cheers, Al


I am having the exact same issue with my Dell Inspiron 5720. Worked great in 13.10, just upgraded to 14 and experiencing the issue for the first time. Sticky is a good term to describe it. I am about to revert back to 13 if I cannot find a fix for this.


Since Unity came along in 11.04 the transformation pack which was the basis for Macbuntu is no longer relevant.  Unity has borrowed a lot from the Mac graphical environment and improved on it in some ways.  Give Ubuntu 12.10 a go.

If you decided you just had to have Macbuntu you could always install Gnome 2.6 and the transformation pack.


Unable to fetch deb file: connection refused

Check your connection. The repository IP could'nt be 127.0.0.1 caus it localhost IP


sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop

This is the Ubuntu Gnome desktop metapackage; as for the font, theme, icons and other personal settings you would have to manually set them yourself.


I don't know if you wrote the script or took it somewhere, but the "do start()" is not a part of bash script syntax. I think you can be resumed to
`I don't know if you wrote the script or took it somewhere, but the "do start()" is not a part of bash script syntax. I believe you can be resumed to:

#!/bin/bash
litecoind -daemon --start
exit 0

Please replace for that and try again. It's also a good idea checking if the script is working by running it in the terminal with the command $ sudo /etc/init.d/litecoin


Desktop icon rename text color in Radiance 13.10

This is a known bug that was not fixed in 13.10 dev even though there was more than ample time, 3+ months from when I reported. So atm you need to live with or try to fix in source. Note it affects both ambiance & radiance themes

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubuntu-themes/+bug/1200870


How can I disable the Alt + F1 and Alt + F2 shortcuts?

I sat with the same issue after upgrading to Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise Pangolin) and installing GNOME Shell. I tried to disable Alt + F1 from wherever I could, to no avail.

As I was about to give up, I found this gist: https://gist.github.com/2402448

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings panel-main-menu "[]" # disable Alt+F1

Credits go to Jan Musinsky.


How to handle brightness trouble on dell inspiron i14R-2265?

I've got the same problem with Ubuntu 10.10 on my Gateway T-6836. The fn + brightness keys work, but the screen always stays at max brightness (or whatever brightness I set at the grub menu).  In addition, dmesg provides the following output: "ACPI: Failed to switch the brightness."

The two quick-fixes I've found:

1.) You should be able to adjust the screen brightness with the brightness keys at the grub menu before you load the linux kernel, although this isn't always practical.

2.) Try installing xcalib.  You can run xcalib -co 60 -a (where 60 can be any percent) to dim the screen and xcalib -c to clear the settings and restore brightness. You could also map these commands to keyboard shortcuts, essentially rigging up two new brightness keys.

Granted, these don't address the real problem, but they were the only solutions that worked for me.  Hope this helps.


Cannot open local files using Gedit over SSH

What you want to do there is not possible.

You are probably using an X11 forward and here you need to understand, that the process of Gedit itself starts on the server, and its only a projection of the application that you see (like a video on youtube, with the only difference that this one responds to your actions). For this particular reason it no wonder that you aren't able to see your local files.

There is a workaround, but it also doesn't do exactly what you want to achieve.
You could make a reverse tunnel to your local machine, and then use sshfs to bind one of your local folders (or the entire filesystem) on the remote server.

On your local host:

ssh -R 2222:localhost:22 user@remotehost

On the remote host:

sshfs -o port=2222 localhost:/path/on/your/pc /path/to/bind/folder/on/server

This might be confusing, but what it does is as follows:
You make a reverse ssh tunnel from your local pc to the remote server. After that you connect to your pc from the remote server through that tunnel, to get to your data you want to edit with gedit.

So now we know this works, but I beg you not to use it.


How to shut down Lubuntu immediately with the power button instead of a logout method dialog prompt

This is a configurable option in the XFCE Power Manager, which was installed by default in my relatively fresh Lubuntu 14.04.1 installation (a laptop). I found it at Preferences > Power Manager. If it's not installed already for you, you should be able to install it with sudo apt-get install xfce4-power-manager

In "General Options", you'll want to select "When power button is pressed: Shutdown" (default setting is "Ask" - which brings up the popup menu you want to skip). See the starred line in the image below.

I needed to log out of Lubuntu and log back in for this setting to take effect, but after that, one press of the power button shut down my system.

Hope this works for you!


How do I get the FiiO BTR3 USB DAC to work?

I had the same trouble  - and so happy that fixed it, that wanna share with you.
So, your roadmap:

Install pulseaudio

sudo apt update

sudo apt install pulseaudio
You should change two rows in config
according to this instruction
https://github.com/ReimuNotMoe/FiiO-BTR3-USB-Linux-Workaround

sudo vim /etc/pulse/daemon.conf

  default-sample-rate = 192000

  alternate-sample-rate = 48000

PS. without ";"

Restart pulseaudio service:

pulseaudio -k

pulseaudio --start
Don`t forget to change the sound quality in Spotify settings
from high to very hight (if u have prem)

Good luck!


HP Envy-15 Notebook running Ubuntu 15.10 having discharge related issues

So it sounds like Ubuntu can't properly turn off your hard drive or CPU/GPU. This can be related to drivers, the kernel, or the installation itself.

If you're using the proprietary Nividia/AMD drivers try turning them off. If you're using the open source Xorg drivers, try installation the proprietary drivers.

Otherwise, I've seen some shut off problems which relate to BIOS security ie. secureboot. By default, Windows 8.1 requires secureboot. While Linux does support this functionality, I try to avoid it at all costs. Basically, your Ubuntu can't access the hardware properly because your BIOS is blocking it.

What we need to know is your dual boot set up. Did you install Ubuntu in a loop mounted volume through the installer file from Ubuntu's website? Or did you use a bootable USB and install it directly into the BIOS?


How do I use multi-touch gestures on a MacBook Air?

Ubuntu supports a range of multi touch moves out of the box. Although ive noticed that some

of the don't work in unity2d, so i recomend staying with unity.

Touching the pad with four fingers : will pop up the search field
sliding over a window with three fingers:  move that window
spread three fingers over a window : maximize window
the opposite will minimize the window.


Minecraft needs the OpenJDK 6 to work because OpenJDK 7 depreciates a lot of it's vital functions, install OpenJDK 6 here


I think that you can do something like X forwarding via ssh.. Didn't use Xephyr before, but maybe this link can help → http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/xephyr.html


Choose the 64 bit option and I am sure this will fix your problem. If not download the Live CD and install Ubuntu that way.


ufw remains disabled after a reboot using Ubuntu Server 16.04

The cause of this problem was that the service netfilter-persistent (also called iptables-persistent on other distributions) was enabled on the system, and this ran after ufw was disabled. This overwrote the ipfilter configuration from ufw.

I disabled netfilter-persistent:

$ sudo systemctl disable netfilter-persistent

and after that booting properly enabled ufw.


Does Ubuntu Studio come with Ardour installed?

I believe Ardour is pre-installed with Ubuntustudio. On the official Ubuntustudio website, Ardour is mentioned in the audio tour. However, you don't need to compile from source to install an app on Ubuntu.

You can easily install Ardour by running the following commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install ardour

You can also install Ardour by using the Ubuntu Software Center app which comes pre-installed in all Ubuntu flavours.

Finally, Ubuntustudio does not come with lifetime updates. You will need to switch to a newer version of Ubuntu every few years. Currently, you can run Ubuntustudio 18.04 until April of 2021.

After you install 18.04, you will need to run the following commands to ensure extended support:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntustudio-ppa/backports
sudo apt update
sudo apt full-upgrade

The sudo apt update command checks for any updates and the sudo apt full-upgrade command actually performs the software updates. It is good habit to run these two commands often to keep your system up to date.

Then, in April of 2020 or later, you can run the following commands to switch to Ubuntustudio version 20.04 LTS (this will take some time so make sure to plug in your computer and don't turn your computer off):

sudo apt update
sudo apt install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:ubuntustudio-ppa/backports
sudo do-release-upgrade

Additionally, you can always check with the official website for any news.


Why does Ubuntu spends so much time setting the network at startup?

It is possible that your nameserver does not resolve IP addresses. It takes then several seconds, before taking a default value.

Try to define a working DNS server at /etc/networking/interfaces or via GUI.


What is the most appropriate way to get Nautilus 3.8 on Ubuntu 13.04?

Here is the easiest way to install Nautilus 3.8.x in Ubuntu 13.04

Add repository Gnome3 PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3

Update Repository:

sudo apt-get update

Now install  Nautilus 3.8.2

sudo apt-get install nautilus

Check the nautilus version:

nautilus --version

Get the complete list of packages in gnome3 ppa


Install gsmartcontrol and evaluate the SMART information that the drive can provide. Run the SMART drive diagnostics and try to eliminate a bad drive.

Install testdisk to try and recover your partitions without losing data. See http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Step_By_Step for a step-by-step intro on how to use testdisk.

in terminal:

sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install gsmartcontrol  # start from Unity dashboard
   sudo apt-get install testdisk
    sudo testdisk # to start testdisk


You can put a line in your /etc/rc.local file before the exit 0 line to change the brightness automatically on boot. For this you will have to find out which file is corresponding to your backlight settings in the /sys filesystem. So

tail /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness

will print out the current brightness settings for all devices in that directory. E.g. for me:

==> /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness <==
6

==> /sys/class/backlight/radeon_bl/brightness <==
200

==> /sys/class/backlight/toshiba/brightness <==
-5

Now lower or increase the brightness level as you normally do, and after that run again:

tail /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness

E.g for me the output now is:

==> /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness <==
5

==> /sys/class/backlight/radeon_bl/brightness <==
200

==> /sys/class/backlight/toshiba/brightness <==
-5

The file for which the outputed number is changed after adjusting the brightness is the file which controls your brightness, so you will have to use that one. (For me it is /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness as you can see.) To find out the maximum allowed brightness level for that device run:

tail /sys/class/backlight/THE_NEEDED_DEVICE/max_brightness

where THE_NEEDED_DEVICE is the one we found earlier, e.g. I would run tail /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/max_brightness. So edit the /etc/rc.local file and put a line before the exit 0 line with some similar content to this:

echo N > /sys/class/backlight/THE_NEEDED_DEVICE/brightness

where N is a number between 0 and the maximum allowed brightness level, and THE_NEEDED_DEVICE is the device which we found earlier. (So I would need to use e.g. echo 5 > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness)

If you want to test the brightness setting before you put it into rc.local you can run

sudo bash -c "echo N > /sys/class/backlight/THE_NEEDED_DEVICE/brightness"

from the terminal, e.g for me: sudo bash -c "echo 5 > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness"


I followed @emk2203 suggestion and it worked.

Fresh start

Purge

sudo apt purge cups cups-client cups-bsd
sudo apt purge hplip hpijs printer-driver-gutenprint

Install

sudo apt install cups cups-client cups-bsd
sudo apt install hplip hpijs printer-driver-gutenprint

Then my printer could be found with nmap.


Grub is a Boot Manager.  You can install a different Boot Manager to replace Grub.  In your case, you can install the Windows Boot manager by running the Windows Install Boot.  When you run the Windows Install program it should detect Windows and give you the option to repair it.

If there is problems with the integrity of your Windows installation you'd have to get help from a group that support Windows.  Consider creating a new issue in a forum that supports Windows... http://superuser.com


How to bypass 3G bandwidth throttling and capping on Ubuntu 14.04

the government decided to slow it down in some areas of the country

This is done at the level of an ISP or if the government is the ISP at the level of the government you get your connection from. So it will be impossible to by-pass from your operating system.

  What should I do?

Use another form of connection or move to another country.


That reported disk size is the size of the partition where Ubuntu is installed, not of the entire drive.

To see all partitions, open the Terminal using Ctrl+Alt+T and type lsblk. You will see something like this:

$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdc      8:32   0 119.2G  0 disk
├─sdc2   8:34   0  58.6G  0 part
├─sdc3   8:35   0  29.3G  0 part /
└─sdc4   8:36   0   7.8G  0 part [SWAP]
sdd      8:48   1  29.8G  0 disk
├─sdd1   8:49   1   1.5G  0 part /media/rick/Ubuntu 17.04 amd64
└─sdd2   8:50   1   2.3M  0 part
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

This Ubuntu 16.04 system is on sdc3 and shows up as 29.3G. But the drive itself is 120GB.

In this example, sdc is 120 GB drive that shows up as 119.2G in Gigabytes. Of this sdc2 is partition 1 (Windows) of 58.6G, sdc3 is partition 2 (Ubuntu) of 29.3G and sdc4 is partition 3 (Linux swap) of 7.8G.

In your case, you should find that your Ubuntu partition (mounted on /) shows up as 25.9G


Go to System Settyngs → Hardware → Displays (as in next image), select your laptop screen and turn it off:


How do I know which commands only a root user can execute?

The numbers beside the commands corresponds to what section of the manual that page is from; 1 is user commands, while 8 is sysadmin stuff.

From man man

   1   Executable programs or shell commands
   2   System calls (functions provided by the kernel)
   3   Library calls (functions within program libraries)
   4   Special files (usually found in /dev)
   5   File formats and conventions eg /etc/passwd
   6   Games
   7   Miscellaneous (including macro packages and conventions), e.g. man(7), groff(7)
   8   System administration commands (usually only for root)
   9   Kernel routines [Non standard]

The commands in the above list with number 8 refers to commands usually only for root. But that does not mean other users can not execute those command. Other users can use those commands with some restrictions. For example ping(8), if one try to Flood ping some system he will not be allowed. But simple ping is allowed.


Image in LibreOffice Write failed to load

LibreOffice Writer shows the read error message when it tried to fetch an image from its source online, but failed to retrieve it, possibly because the server timed out or blocked the request to download the image. In order to remove the error message, visit the webpage where the image is located and save the missing image to your hard drive. Then insert the saved image into your document manually with Insert -> Image.

After the image is inserted in the document, you can right-click the image and select Anchor -> any of the 4 anchor options to anchor the image at its position in the document. Embedding an image in a document and anchoring an image are two separate things. Anchoring an image just locks the position of the image at a fixed place in the document.


I'm not able to use wireshark "couldn't run /usr/bin/dumpcap in child process"

As @Tim already mentioned - this problem was discussed before already.
This post gives the proper solution - just tested it in 14.04 and it is still valid & working

The following is a 100% quote from here.

Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and type the following commands:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure wireshark-common

press the right arrow and enter for yes

sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/dumpcap

you should now be able to run it without root and you will be able to capture.


The checkboxes or something similar in Nautilus was planned a long time ago according to wiki: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Ayatana/DoubleClick
But it was not implemented yet.

It is possible out of the box in Dolphin file manager but it's part of KDE, not GNOME/Unity.


Can I install Ubuntu/run Ubuntu live CD on an iMac G4 PowerMac6,1 without access to OS X

I'm a bit late, but none of the images from that page will boot on a G4 iMac. You're using discs for the wrong architecture. All iMacs (G3, G4 and G5) until the Intel transition (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%27s_transition_to_Intel_processors) used a PowerPC processor, which has a completely different architecture from both i386 and AMD64. If you wish to install Ubuntu on a PPC-based computer, you will need to use the community-supported Ubuntu version from here. You can find instructions for USB-booting the G3 slot-loading iMacs and beyond from here. Hope this helps.


Ubuntu server 12.04/12.10 not getting past "Select a language"

Try the alt installer.

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/alternative-downloads

Also Have you check the MD5 of the disk to make sure it has downloaded properly?


Where are the guidelines for the Software Center approval process for paid applications?

Take a look at this.

http://www.canonical.com/engineering-services/certification/application-packaging

Thanks
chris


This is a duplicate of How do I remove that envelope icon from the menu bar? and others. And I'm only answering this one, because I stumbled upon this one. Since this question isn't answered try out this link: http://www.hecticgeek.com/2012/05/how-to-remove-messaging-menu-indicator-in-ubuntu-unity/.

And if that is not understandable, try:

sudo apt-get remove indicator-messages


How do I access my Windows 10 file share?

I use "FileZilla Server for Windows" to share folders with other computers.

First, install "FileZilla Server for Windows";

Second, create a user in FileZilla Server and set shared folder;

Third, use FTP client on Ubuntu 18.04 to connect your server on windows.


OpenGL ES is a subset of the original OpenGL specification and is designed for embedded systems such as smart phones. I'm not 100% sure why the version numbers do not correspond, but they don't. The latest version is 4.5 for OpenGL and 3.2 for OpenGL ES. This explains the reason for the OpenGL ES part of your output. In your case, you have support for the latest versions of both OpenGL and OpenGL ES.

You will note that the OpenGL and OpenGL ES entries have a version string and a shading language version string. Prior to OpenGL 3.3, the OpenGL version number and the shading language version number did not match. I believe this is the reason they have separate entries in the output (as they can obviously be different for older hardware). As seen in your output, the version number (4.5) matches the shading language version (also 4.5).

The hardest part (and the part that I'm not 100% sure about) is the "OpenGL version string".

From what I have seen on several completely different machines, this appears to be capped at version 3.0. The shading language version for 3.0 is 1.3 so the shading language version string makes sense for this OpenGL version. However, why is version capped at 3.0? My thoughts are as follows:

Version 3.0 introduced deprecation (see this link). This is also where the two separate profiles came from, "Core" and "Compatibility". Any implementation of OpenGL only has to implement the "core" specification to be valid.

If you read the Mesa release notes for a particular version you will see a statement relating to this core/compatibility profile issue. The following was taken from the release notes for the latest version 17.0.0 here:

Mesa 17.0.0 implements the OpenGL 4.5 API, but the version reported by glGetString(GL_VERSION) or glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION) / glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION) depends on the particular driver being used. Some drivers don't support all the features required in OpenGL 4.5. OpenGL 4.5 is only available if requested at context creation because compatibility contexts are not supported.

Note the last part "OpenGL 4.5 is only available if requested at context creation because compatibility contexts are not supported". Therefore, I think the "OpenGL version string" is the supported version for a "compatibility" profile context (or in other words, for support of any deprecated feature prior to version 3.0).


How to access blocked website, e.g. Bluebox - Error 500?

Error 500 is a server side error, you, as a client, can do almost nothing to resolve that error. The only thing to get over this is to try after some time.


Disable ALL Mate Animations in Ubuntu Mate 20.04

For Mate there is another setting:
gsettings set org.mate.Marco.general reduced-resources false

(Marco is the MATE window manager so you need another tree in gsettings).


It's blocked because you are using it.
Load from live USB or your installation disk, Try Ubuntu, open GParted and then you'll be able to add the unallocated memory to your Ubuntu partition.


Ubuntu desktop with bash keyboard shortcuts

I've set up this repo https://github.com/bjohas/Ubuntu-keyboard-map-like-OS-X which provides answers to the above! It's not straight forward, but possible.


I had the same issue with Ubuntu 14.04, and I found that these steps were necessary with a fully updated system:

Add Disable = Media in the [general] section to /etc/bluetooth/audio.conf (sudo vim /etc/bluetooth/audio.conf)
And make sure bluez-tools is installed (sudo apt-get install bluez-tools)
Also make sure to restart the bluetooth service, just in case (sudo service bluetooth restart)
Then connect your Jawbone device, it should now pair successfully.
Now, the change to audio.conf we made earlier seems to prevent the device to show up in the list of audio devices. What you need to do it to remove the line we added (Disable = Media), then restart the bluetooth service, and your device should now show up in the list of audio devices! Make sure it's turned on in the Bluetooth manager, it might be off after restarting the service.
One last note, you have to change the audio setting from HSP/HFP to A2DP, otherwise the sound might be crappy ...

Your mileage may vary, good luck!


How do I change an ext4 hard drive back to Mac OS

Head over to ubuntu.com and download Ubuntu. Then follow these instructions to burn the downloaded ISO image to a flash drive. Once that's done reboot the computer and boot to the USB, clicking "try ubuntu" when the option presents itself.

You will need a few packages to add HFS support, so connect the machine to the network, then open a terminal and run:

sudo apt-get install hfsutils hfsprogs

Once the installation process has finished, open gparted and find the ext4 partitions you want to reformat. Right click on them and select Format to -> hfs+.

Follow through on any prompts, and then let the program do its thing. Once it is finished, you're done!


What is the oldest version of Ubuntu snapcraft can run on?

I suspect you'll quickly run into issues trying to run snapcraft 2.x on anything older than xenial, as it has dependencies that are only available in xenial.

I suggest trying to build Qt3 from source as a snapcraft part.


Change dconf keys without logging into X in Puppet

Joril, thanks for providing your solution!  I would like to add one comment in case people have the problem that I just did: when you use this type definition to set string values, you need to pass in some extra quotes and escape characters.  For instance, I wanted to set my color scheme in gedit, so I tried this:

dconf::key {'/org/gnome/gedit/preferences/editor/scheme':
    value => 'solarized_dark',
}

but it didn't work.  What I needed to do was this:

dconf::key {'/org/gnome/gedit/preferences/editor/scheme':
    value => "\\\"solarized_dark\\\"",
}

Maybe someone could do that in a simpler way, or build it into the function you provided?  Anyway, it works for me now so I'm leaving it alone.

Note that passing in booleans works fine without that extra nonsense, e.g.:

dconf::key {'/org/gnome/gedit/preferences/editor/auto-indent':
    value => 'true',
}

works correctly, and I'm assuming that numerical values can probably be set without extra escape characters as well.


You are mixing up system and session jobs and events. lightdm emits the event just fine, but to the system instance of Upstart. Copy your ~/.config/upstart/touchpad.conf to /etc/init/ and change the start on event to login-session-start.


Your problem is that your grub menu doesn't have windows 8 in it's boot list so I doesn't show up nor does it give you the option to boot your windows 8 partition.

Try runnnig the boot repair live disk.

(1) DOWNLOAD BOOT-REPAIR-DISK,
(2) Then burn it on CD or put it on USB key via Unetbootin,
(3) Insert the Boot-Repair-Disk and reboot the PC,
(4) Choose your language,
(5) Connect internet if possible
(6) Click "Recommended repair" (write down the output help file)
(7) Reboot the pc

If it doesn't work you can link the output file link into your question and I'll help you to fix it.


How to copy the path of current directory in ubuntu 18.04

I guess you are looking for Ctrl+L.
When you are in the file-browser, just press Ctrl+L and the path appears at the top.


In the top bar, do a click in Edit
Select the Preferences option
Now you'll note that the first tab (enabled by default) is called Views, if not, choice it
In this tab, the first option is Default view, so click in the box of the left and select List view instead of Icon view

Now when you open a new window with nautilus, you should see all the folders and files listed.

Set of screen-shoots to help a little bit:


error on LXD container while we install JUJU gui ver. 2.0

It's a bug :

https://bugs.launchpad.net/juju/+bug/1633788

Same problem for me .
JUJU take the wrong IP address for LXD node

Where is what I did to be able to juju bootloade.

When the container is RUNNING you can go inside the container and then do this :

iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -d ${WRONG_IP} -p tcp --dport 8443 -j DNAT --to-destination ${GOOD_IP}:8443


Nextcloud does do not launch at reboot/restart session (autostart) in Ubuntu 20.04

My way to add a program on user session startup is firstly install gnome-tweaks.
sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

Then run it from activity menu, and go top Startup program, click on the + to add a new program, then choose Nextcloud from the list.


Unable to send email using ssmtp from home computer

Your mailhub address is missing the .com TLD i.e.

mailhub=smtp.gmail:465

should be

mailhub=smtp.gmail.com:465


The best way is to go to a computer shop which sells one of your models and ask whether you may boot Ubuntu from an USB stick in order to test if everything's fine (emphasize that you're not going to change anything at the computer at all - I've experienced that many resellers have never heard of Ubuntu, let alone used it.)

You can put an Ubuntu ISO on an USB stick using utilities like UNetBootin. When the shop allows you to test it, boot from the USB stick and select the menu option "try without installation".

Another way to find out whether Ubuntu works with this computer is to find out which components are installed in this machine and search the internet on known problems to these devices (e.g. graphics card, LAN card, WiFi card). Some computers are even certified to work with Ubuntu in the Ubuntu Certification Program, in which Asus participates.

However, this won't 100%ly assure that it will actually work, so first method is preferable.

In general, I've made the experience that Ubuntu will run on most systems almost without problems, as long as you don't use and exotic hardware, whose manufacturer only provides Windows drivers.

You could also search for computers that come preinstalled with ANY linux-based OS. They all use a release of the Linux kernel, which does all the hardware interaction, so it shouldn't matter whether you use Ubuntu or, let's say, SUSE Linux, which was preinstalled on my Notebook when I bought it.

Although I have to say that this is not always true: Only after waiting two months for the shipment of said notebook, I learned that HP sent me a device whose hardware components are not completely Linux-compatible: Bluetooth, SD-Card reader and certain Fn keys don't or only partially do work.


You might look at Visual Studio Code, found at https://code.visualstudio.com/. It's a good IDE (Integrated Development Environment), and has lots of helpful features.


how to sniff MMS urls from a lot of HTTP links

You can use Wireshark to sniff and wget to generate the traffic, or use rtcpdump + lynx to download the files.


Can't unlock disk sda5_crypt after upgrade to 18.04

Thanks for mentioning the keyboard issue for sd5_crypt after upgrading to Ubuntu 18.04.

I tried that before but you made me look at it again with more scrutiny. For me it wasn't about UK vs US keyboard layouts but realizing that for sd5-crypt I was still on an english layout which I mixed with German layout.

Looking up the keyboard maps in Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_and_American_keyboards

I transposed my passphrase into english-layout string and it worked for me.

STRANGE THING that this problem did not occur with previous version Ubuntu 17.10


User processes continue to run after logout

It is still running because you didn't stop it.  You shouldn't be starting daemons like this in your .profile.  A normally installed jackd package will set itself up to be automatically started and stopped at the appropriate times via upstart.


In Linux, we use bash (.sh) scripts.

To make a a bash script execute on double click you need to make it executable, and add the line #!/bin/bash to the start.

The file should look like this:

#!/bin/bash
sleep 60s; dbus-send --print-reply --system --dest=org.freedesktop.UPower /org/freedesktop/UPower org.freedesktop.UPower.Suspend

Make it executable with:

chmod +x nameofscript.sh

You'll also want to follow this guide.


If I change from Win8 to Ubuntu, will all my computer's files remain untouched?

In theory, you would back up your data and install Ubuntu. Installing any operating system is a major change to your computer and although not expected, there is no guarantee you will not have data loss.

For details see : Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI


I have similar app to yours and I also had problems with sound. Actually, based on my experience xfce4 and mate are the best choices for minimal setup with VNC like this. Currently I use mate.

To build such envoirement from scratch I use following packages:

sudo apt install mate-desktop xorg xserver-xorg tightvncserver mate-desktop-environment mplayer pavucontrol alsa-utils alsa-oss pulseaudio

When it comes to sound you can see following packages used:

pavucontrol
pulseaudio
alsa-utils
alsa-oss

With pavucontrol you can disable sound device easily or switch them to something like null output.

And why it works with xfce4 is probably thanks to xfce4-pulseaudio-plugin.

For VNC I prefer tightvncserver.

You need to properly set ~/.vnc/xstartup though:

#!/bin/sh

xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
/etc/X11/Xsession
vncconfig -iconic &
mate-session &

Then you can start VNC like so:

tightvncserver :1

Try it out.


bash, if decimal is greater is working strange

Your approach here is doomed for a number of reasons.
First, even if you get the syntax correct for arithmetic comparison, i.e. either:
[ $cpuload -gt $limit ]

(POSIX shell compatible) or
[[ $cpuload -gt $limit ]]

(bash / ksh extended test) or
(( cpuload > limit ))

the bash shell only supports integer arithmetic, so you'd need to trim off any trailing decimal first, being mindful of your locale's numeric representation, as mentioned by HuHa.
Note that when you used [[ $cpuload > $limit ]] that is a syntactically valid comparison in bash, however it will work "strangely", since it compares the RHS and LHS lexicographically, character-by-character. In particular,
$ [[ 3.0 > 10.0 ]] && echo greater || echo not greater
greater

because character 3 is lexicographically greater than character 1; whereas
$ [[ 03.0 > 10.0 ]] && echo greater || echo not greater
not greater

because character 0 is lexicographically less than character 1. The bottom line is that if you want to do floating point arithmetic in a bash script, you will need an external program such as bc or awk or perl.1

Second, the uptime output is intended for human readability, not machine parsing. In particular, the time format varies depending on the actual uptime, ex.:
(before reboot)
$ uptime
 10:38:50 up 26 days, 12:33,  4 users,  load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00

(after reboot)
$ uptime
 10:44:37 up 3 min,  1 user,  load average: 0.17, 0.33, 0.16

Attempting to tokenize it with cut -d' ' is especially fragile, since it relies on exactly how much left-padding each of the fields has: it will fail if the number of days / hours / minutes / users rolls over from single to double digits for example.
Instead, I'd suggest reading the load average directly from /proc/loadavg - which is where uptime gets it from anyhow, as you can confirm with strace:
$ strace -etrace=openat uptime 2>&1 | tail -n 3
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/proc/loadavg", O_RDONLY) = 4
 12:49:38 up  2:08,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.00
+++ exited with 0 +++

The format is simple whitespace separated fields that you can easily parse and test with awk for example:
$ cat /proc/loadavg
0.52 0.58 0.59 1/5 3759

$ limit=10; awk -v limit="$limit" '$1+0 > limit {exit 1}' /proc/loadavg && echo "ok" || echo "overload"
   ok

$ limit=0.5; awk -v limit="$limit" '$1+0 > limit {exit 1}' /proc/loadavg && echo "ok" || echo "overload"
   overload

Notes:

You could of course switch to a shell that does support non-integer arithmetic, such as ksh or zsh.


Is is possible to format a disk to behave like a CD-R?

You may want to leave the data as immutable, on a partition in linux file system.

You can make a data file immutable with the command chattr.

The operator + causes the selected attributes to be added to the existing attributes of the files.

The operator - causes them to be removed.

The operator = causes them to be the only attributes that the files have.

A file with an immutable attribute can not be:

Modified
Deleted
Renamed
No soft or hard link created by anyone including root user.

Only the root can set or clear this attribute.

How to make a file immutable on Linux

First, you need to login as root user.

exec sudo -i

Only root user can set and remove immutable flag on a file.

The syntax is:

chattr +i file
chattr +i /path/to/filename


The high score is stored in the configuration file (which is a questionable design choice if you ask me, but whatever...) at ~/.kde/share/config/kblocksrc.


Unstable wifi with intel 8260 [8086:24f3] (rev 3a) on Ubuntu 16.04 running on Lenovo P50

First, I suggest that you update the firmware. With a working internet connection, open a terminal and do:

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-firmware/linux-firmware_1.158_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux-firmware*.deb

Next, check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit.

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Next, I'd set IPv6 to Ignore in Network Manager: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/18/html/Installation_Guide/images/netconfig/network-connections-ipv6-ignore.png  This example is for ethernet, but you want wireless.

If these changes do not help, please try:

sudo modprobe -r iwlwifi
sudo modprobe iwlwifi 11n_disable=8

If it helps, make it permanent:

sudo -i
echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=8"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf
exit

Reboot and let us know if the performance is improved.


screen brightness and keyboard backlight works in unity, not in kde

Thanks a lot mate,this command :

echo 8 > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness

Helped me change brightness levels in Kubuntu, however in Ubuntu Fn keys work quite fine after adding Option Registry Dwords..... line in xorg.conf. As of now,I will make a small script to work with Kubuntu, but we need the Fn keys to be working for many people who don't want to be running scripts all the time for such a simple task.


Clock is one hour too fast, how do I fix it?

I think the problem is "Daylight saving" is active in your area and this information is not available in Ubuntu's time server. Check that it is indeed the case.

This is confirmed by OP in a comment


It seems like rt (and preemp and lowlatency) still haven't landed in the repositories. Maverick is still beta... are you sure you want to try such special kernels in this stage?

I've found a message which covers the issue of which low latency kernels you want to try and, perhaps, a PPA to get it: https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kernel-team/2010-March/009323.html

Be cautious, though... There be dragons!


sudo apt-get install python-pip is failing

python-pip is in the universe repositories, therefore use the steps below:

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python-pip


This option is now deprecated. From man xbacklight:
-display IGNORED
       Ignored for backward compatibility.

You must use xrandr


Ubuntu 12.10 difficulties with first time startup on USB external hard drive

I'm not sure about your problem. When you go to the boot menu, go where you said you changed the boot device order, but leave as it was before you changed anything. Under those options, their might be something else about boot system, go into that and change that into your USB boot. Hope this helps. Depends on your boot menu I think.


What Does the Mount used for ?what does they mean?

Roughly speaking these all are basically different directories of your system.
Each directory is created for different purposes. For example

/boot - To store boot related files, grub config files etc

/home - user home directory all users data is stored under this directory

and so on..you can get the complete list from google.

The root directory i.e. / directory is the parent of all these directories.The / directory contains all these directories.

While installing if you select / as a mount point then a single partition is created for / directory and hence all these directories will be created in that partition but sometimes it is preferred to create separate partitions for some directories like /boot, /home etc. because it helps while reinstalling or updating the system.

Hence if you want to create the separate partition for /boot you just create 3 patitions(1 swap, 1 for / and 1 for /boot) and for 3rd partition you select /boot as the mount point.

I hope this clears your doubts!


Suspend not working in 16.04 for Dell Inspiron

Kernel 4.4 is not good. Suspension did not work for me either on 16.04 so I upgraded kernel to 4.5 using these instructions:
http://www.yourownlinux.com/2016/05/how-to-install-linux-kernel-4-5-4-in-linux.html

The problem was solved and I can suspend/hibernate now.


replacing kernel on non-booting ec2 instance

You might want to look at this I hope it's what you need.


How can I change the scrollbar's background color for theme?

Try in "/usr/share/themes//gtk-2.0/". The general file is gtkrc. Depending on how the theme is structured, it could include several other files. The naming convention appears to end in .rc, i.e. nautilus.rc or gedit.rc.

Read these:
http://live.gnome.org/GnomeArt/Tutorials/GtkThemes/GtkScrollbar
http://developer.gnome.org/gtk/stable/GtkScrollbar.html

You might find something from there.


How to use Xephyr in Ubuntu OS customisation?

Start Xephyr

Xephyr -ac -screen 1280x1024 -br -reset -terminate 2> /dev/null :2 &

ssh into the chroot/server

ssh -XfC -c blowfish user@server xfce4-session

Substitute your window manager for "xfce4-session"

For details see https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=620003


How can I tweak Launcher and Menu Bar behavior?

For the menu bar :
type in terminal :

sudo apt-get remove indicator-appmenu

for Firefox :
go to Tools –> Add-ons –> Extensions and disable ‘Global Menu Bar integration’.
For the launcher icons :
If a non locked application icon is running, it's icon should be at the bottom so it won't bother the arrangement of locked icons, just make sure all your frequent application's icons are locked.
For tweaking Ubuntu 13.04/13.10 :
Unity Tweak tool

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

GNOME Tweak Tool :

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool


Windows XP with Ubuntu 14.04 on 2 separate hard drives

It should just be a matter up updating your grub while both hard drives are installed.  You can do the same thing with a pen drive installed.

While booted into Ubuntgu, run this command:

$ sudo update-grub

Grub will search all your partitions for OS Installations and add them to your boot menu.  It will search partitions on all the drives.  So it doesn't matter is the OS installations (partitions) are on the same drive or different drives.  They will be found.

You can check the partitions that will be found by typing this command:

$ cat /proc/partitions

There are numerous other commandlines and applications to check your partitions including the GUI's gparted and gnome-disk-utility.


HP machine gives “Boot device not found” and hard drive 3F0 error after rebooting Ubuntu 18, can't boot from USB

RE: USB boot, HPs are very finnicky with getting booted.  Your disk needs to be in the right format and you have to get a boot menu to select the drive proper to boot too.  I had this problem trying to boot Ubuntu on a stick, and ended up going old school with a DVD drive.

RE: The Hard Drive
If you're getting read/write problems, unfortunately you are hosed.  The drive is already dying.
The best bet is to try to access the drive from a live env and try and recover what you can, then replace the hard drive in the system.  Hard drives die for all sorts of reasons, and there's no way to really diagnose it or repair a dying drive.


Copying to USB pen drive slows everything

Your system configuration looks good it doesn't matter, but check the number of process running and stop the process which occupies more memory.

I propose the best way to copying large files into Pen drive, is to use rsync.

rsync -r source/* destination

it is the efficient way use it.

For more information refer, have fun Bro...

How do you find out which program is using too much memory?
Learn About rsync.


No facility exists in Update Manager to upgrade to a new version, why?

Because Ubuntu 12.04 is a Long Term Support release (meaning that it is supported with bug fixes and security updates for 5 years) you won’t find a pop-up telling you that a new version is available.

If you want to upgrade,you can follow these instructions

Open Update Manager from either the Power Menu or the Dash.
Click the ‘Settings’ button in the lower-left corner of the Update
Manager window: This will open Software Sources.
Click the menu next to “Notify me of a new Ubuntu version” and
select ‘For Any New Version’

Important DO NOT uncheck or alter anything other than the
above.

Once you’ve made the change you will likely be prompted to input your user password. After this, close Software Sources, then close and then reopen Update Manager.

. Click the ‘Upgrade’ button to begin your upgrade to Ubuntu 12.10.

source: OMG Ubuntu


NVIDIA Graphics - resolution problems with new 12.04 LTS installation

I have been having resolution problems with my brand new Ubuntu 12.04 LTS installation and I couldn' t even see the choice of the 1680x1050 resolution. But then  it was so easily and user-friendly solved: Just went to Additional Drivers in the System Settings tab and activated the NVIDIA accelerated graphics driver(post-release updates)(version current-updates) and it worked for me. Good luck!


By built-in mouse, do you mean the trackpad? If yes you probably need to configure your trackpad to right click as you usually do.

To do so you can go to System > Preferences > Mouse > Touchpad

More information here:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticsTouchpad


How to remove files modified between particular dates?

The command GNU find is the way to go. For example, to delete all files in the current directory between 1 and 5 august, you can use the following command

find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -newermt 2011-08-01 ! -newermt 2011-08-06 -delete

It is better to execute the command without the -delete action, first, to see the listing of interested files (a good substitute could be -ls that produce an ls-like listing).

Removing the -maxdepth 1 specification will traverse all subdirectories, too.

You can also specify hours, for example

find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -newermt '2011-08-01 10:01:59' \
                         ! -newermt '2011-08-06 23:01:00' -delete

Be warned to not remove single quotes, that protect spaces between date and time.

The character ! is a negation, it should be read: newer that this date but not newer that this other date.


Error while executing .csh file :-> cannot execute binary file: Exec format error

C Shell is more common in BSD unix, as Ubuntu being a GNU/Linux uses BASH from the GNU project.

Ideally Shell script contain a shebang (#!/bin/csh) at the start of the file that tells the system how to run it, however your system may not have C Shell there.

Ensure your system has CSH loaded (it's in universe so you'll need that repository  enabled)  Refer https://packages.ubuntu.com/artful/csh

To manually run the script (esp. if shebang isn't in script), use

csh -f trainingScript.csh


That seems to be related to missing firmware, if device is recognized and present in the system search for a package should called firmware-atheros


Transmission dependencies are not in repository

Step 1: Add Transmission PPA Repository

Transmission is readily available in Ubuntu repository. However, Ubuntu repository is usually a bit slow on updating versions. So if you are like me and would like to have the latest version as soon as possible, then add the PPA repository as described below. If not proceed to step 2.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:transmissionbt/ppa

Step 2: Install Transmission Web Interface

Then update packages list and install Transmission:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install transmission-cli transmission-common transmission-daemon

If you want the full desktop gui software then use:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install transmission-gtk transmission-cli transmission-common transmission-daemon

Step 3: Configure Users and Permissions

It is recommended that Transmission runs under it’s own username for security reasons. This creates a few issues with file and folder access by Transmission as well as your account (let us assume it is user). You will have to create a new set of folders for Transmission to read/write/execute (example: transmission folder containing these subfolders: completed, incomplete, and torrents). The account user also needs full control over these folders and their contents. I recommend reading this post to familiarize yourself with safely changing user groups and permissions.

First, cd to the desired folder and create a folder for Transmission to use:

cd /home/user/Downloads
mkdir transmission
cd transmission
mkdir completed incomplete torrents

Then, add the username user to the group debian-transmission:

sudo usermod -a -G debian-transmission user

This will add debian-transmission as a secondary group to the account user, resulting in access to both Transmission and user. Then, change the ownership of the Transmission download folders to the group debian-transmission:

sudo chgrp -R debian-transmission /home/user/Downloads/transmission

Next, change the permissions for the transmission download folders to allow read, write, and execute for Transmission and user:

sudo chmod -R 775 /home/user/Downloads/transmission

This gives the group debian-transmission, of which both Transmission and user are members of, full access while others get only read and execute permissions. If you want to further restrict access for others you could use 774 (read only) or 770 (no access).


My desktop disappeared, how do I get it back?

Install gnome-tweak-tool.

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

Go to Desktop list item. Make sure Have file manager handle the desktop is turned ON.


Mouse disappears on virtualbox windows for ubuntu 18.04 server

That’s normal behaviour unless you have installed a GUI on top of the server. You probably have a black screen with a flashing cursor waiting for you to log in. At least that’s what my Ubuntu test server on VB does.


My money would be on the disk dying (or some other hardware problem). You can't copy/paste any files, smart status showing bad sectors, installer failing with I/O error... looks like you can't write anything to that disk although it still showing your files.


/home/nehal/anaconda3/lib/libpng.so: undefined reference to ...

You will have to use the system "libpng.so" for compiling → /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng12.so → Package = libpng12-dev . Solution: Hide away (temporarely) /home/nehal/anaconda3/lib/libpng.so.

I made a 'pcl' test build (with VTK), Ubuntu 16.04 - amd64 : pcl-master.zip https://github.com/PointCloudLibrary/pcl

sudo apt install libeigen3-dev libflann-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libvtk6-dev

cd pcl-master/ && mkdir build && cd build/ && cmake .. && make
sudo make install

No errors ...


Sure,

If you are using in GUI environment you can use lxtask:

apt-get install lxtask


Searching a bit on Internet I found that the package is called vim-latexsuite instead of just latexsuite or latex-suite.

So to install it enter the following command in terminal:

sudo apt-get install vim-latexsuite

Once you've installed it, just open a TeX file in Vim. No other setup is required.


Way to skip, pause songs rhythmbox when screen locked?

You can try using GDM as a lockscreen instead lightdm, it features music controls on the lockscreen when music is playing, like on a android phones lockscreen.

However I don't know if keyboard shortcuts will work as the lockscreen is supposed to prevent anyone using the computer while it is locked, so keyboard access to the desktop may be locked out.

Install it

sudo apt-get install gdm

Start it

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm

Stop lightdm, so you don't have two lockscreens

sudo service lightdm stop

If the music controls don't show

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver show-notifications true

To switch back to lightdm

 sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm && service gdm stop


How to create service user for application and run it at startup from that user

Not sure what you expect, calling su will always prompt for a password unless you run it as root which just does everything without prompting or with sudo which will prompt your user password instead.

So if you want to use that serviceUser with su -c and without requiring sudo rights, run sudo passwd serviceUser and set a password.


Try  one of the below commands,

gksu nautilus

or

sudo -i nautilus

It is an GUI way of navigating through directories with root access.


Application Putty starts in small window

Change the fontsize. Also do not forget to save it with the connection you want to make otherwise you will need to do this every time.

will show ...

and

will make it a lot larger ...


Have you checked the Wine AppDB for your application? Others will sometimes post instructions to get an application working. Of course, the less of a userbase your application has, the less odds that someone else has looked at this.

Also, try to run the wine app from the command line, wine will very often print out possible clues and errors that you can search the internet for. Perhaps there are other applications with similar errors that others have solved for.


I worked out what it was since I opened this thread: there were two issues that I would have thought would crop up in any vanilla LAMP setup installed according to the Media Temple Knowledgebase article (which was what I used to set up the (ve) server).

Firstly,  it was the rewrite module. It appeared as though my .htaccess files weren’t being read by the server because a rewrite module has to be enabled: this seems to be the default on a fresh install such as the one I just carried out. Who knew?

Enabling the module is pretty simple: I just needed to make a symbolic link to the rewrite.load file from the mods-available directory to the mods-enabled directory (all found, in this instance, in the apache2 directory, at /etc/apache2).

Ran the following:

cd /etc/apache2/mods-enabled
ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/rewrite.load rewrite.load

Secondly, I concluded I also need to change all instances of AllowOverride in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default (which are all set to None by default) to All(see this article which explains the issue).

Finally was the question of how to apply the rules.  I actually chose to delete my .htaccess file and place all its rules in a <Directory> section in http.conf (which is now a separate file still called in apache2.conf, and which I'll use to include all my customizations), because setting AllowOverride to None and relying on apache2.conf for everything induces an increase in speed as the server no longer has to check for an .htaccess file at every level before loading a page.  I then deleted the .htaccess, set AllowOverrideto None, and the rules still loaded fine.


internal sd card reader works, but without automount

It turns out that there is no technical problem, but a new Ubuntu GUI. In the Files activity, under Other Locations, the SD card shows up in a very intuitive way, similar to Computer overview of Windows. To me it seems that this top level overview is rather hidden here.

The documentation in https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/hardware-cardreader.html.en is not exactly in sync, as it mentions a device list in the side bar, not under Other Locations.

On my previous ubuntu system a popup would appear at insertion of a usb drive. Removal of the popup could be a feature or a bug :-)


once you have plugged your USB drive in, run

dmesg | tail

and it will show you the kernel output if it has detected it, and what label it has been assigned in /dev

then

mount /dev/*usblabel* /mnt

and

cd /mnt

should let you get to it.


Launching a program with several files through terminal expansion problem

If you want to use a list of files with bash, you are much better off using an array, my guess is vlc is treating the list of files as one argument instead of separate arguments,

"/foo /bar" is not the same as "/foo" "/bar"

try this instead.

LAUNCHER=("/home/foo.mp4" "/home/bar.mp4")

vlc "${LAUNCHER[@]}"

Quoting the array expansion you can avoid misinterpretation of spaced named filenames

The other option is to use xargs. would help if you explain how you get the values for LAUNCHER if I'm even reading that right.


Solved by purging opendmarc, libopendmarc-dev, and also libopendmac2 which I had previously overlooked, and then re-installing opendmarc.
This gave me the following symlinks in /usr/lib:
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     21 Oct  1 12:51 libopendmarc.so.2 -> libopendmarc.so.2.0.2
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  47784 Oct  1 12:51 libopendmarc.so.2.0.2


LUKS Encrypted Hard Drive — Passphrase includes '£'

Setup keyboard/locale in initramfs

Edit /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf

KEYMAP=y

Update initramfs

sudo update-initramfs -u

Ref: How to set keyboard layout in initramfs

Workaround

  This might be a good idea if your disk is removable.

Use an Ubuntu image and boot from that using CD/DVD or thumb drive.
Setup your locale and keyboard.
Identify encrypted file system.

This will be something like /dev/sda2

Add password without £

sudo cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sda2


How to get RVM working when run from a startup script

Looks like Florian sorted this on the linked question

sudo -u 'user_name' -i

"runs the given command in a login shell, i.e. you get the same environment as if you login in text mode."


How to control system LEDs from terminal

For the default ones on the keyboard (NumLock, CapsLock, ScrollLock) there is setleds, for the others you might have luck playing around with /sys/class/leds/ (at your own risk).


KDE 4.13.2 update breaks login from LightDM on Kubuntu 14.04

The solution is to re-install the kde-workspace-bin package, which was removed by an update on 6/23/14 for some reason.

sudo apt-get install kde-workspace-bin


awk - How to print the number of characters for the first n lines in a file?

Tell awk to quit when enough lines have been read:

awk '$0 = length; NR==3 { exit }' /etc/passwd

Note that this solution ignores empty lines, although not for the line count.


Assuming your drive firmware is operating correctly, you have had 39246 load cycles for the lifetime of the disk.

I've read that 500,000 to 600,000 is fine for most drives, but I believe this is defined by the manufacturer. You should go to the manufacturer's website for more information.

It's a good idea to track how many sectors are being remapped. If these increase rapidly it's time to think about replacing the hard drive. sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda, for example, will also list the most recent I/O errors for drive /dev/sda.

It's always time to think about how adequate your data backups are.

You can use palimpsest to get an overall summary of how your drives are doing. See also How Do I interpret HDD S.M.A.R.T Results?


How to get ACPI health data on a Gigabyte GA-890GPA-UD3H?

For temperatures, you must install lm-sensors package

sudo apt-get install lm-sensors

Then follow this guide https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SensorInstallHowto


For sharing videos with dropbox you can use udropcabin. while downloading from udropcabin you have many options for sharing like Notes and Dekko app. by using Dekko you can mail yourself :).
For transferring files and other data you can wifi transfer app.


How can I bind alt-space to open Gnome-Do?

OP Posted: Solved this.  I had to disable the Alt-` shortcut

Run compizconfig-settings-manager

Then run ccsm

Or by terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
ccsm

Go to Ubuntu Unity Plugin => Switcher and change Key to flip through windows in the switcher to something other than "Default"

How to disable Alt + `?


install multiple os in pendrive using grub

I know one package to do that: LiveUSB MultiBoot. I haven't tested it but it seems that support lots of distributions.

Please find it there: http://bit.ly/1PcScm8


18.04 suddenly refuses to accept password

I had almost the same problem. this is what i did: i just set the keybord to the original language, i mean, the language i used when i was setting the password and it worked. even if the letters and numbers were the same in the two languages, the login only worked if the keyboard was set in english {in my case}.