How to transform the unity launcher into a led chaser?

Using the unity Python API, we can set the urgency property of all favorites icons in a loop:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

from gi.repository import Unity, GObject

launchers = Unity.LauncherFavorites.get_default().enumerate_ids()
i = -1
increment = 1

def set_urgency():
    global i
    global increment
    if i == len(launchers) - 1:
        increment = -1
    elif i == 0:
        increment = 1
    i = i + increment
    launcher = Unity.LauncherEntry.get_for_desktop_id(launchers[i])
    urgent = launcher.get_property("urgent")
    launcher.set_property("urgent", not urgent)
    return True

GObject.timeout_add(100, set_urgency)
GObject.MainLoop().run()


Major problems after trying to install Spotify

I don't know how this happened (perhaps someone can enlighten me) but the solution is simple.

Open /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list as root

gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list

Remove all information from the file and replace it with

deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free

Save the file and update the sources

sudo apt-get update

Now you can install spotify

sudo apt-get install spotify-client


Can't read Ubuntu partition on Windows 8

Windows 8 is not capable of reading the ext4 filesystem, which is Ubuntu's default file system.


Installation from USB flash drive froze after boot

I have had mixed results with "Startup Disk Creator" in the past.

My suggestion would be to use the "Universal USB Creator" from Pendrive.


Not able to start my laptop after nvidia driver install

The GT525M is a nVidia Optimus card, you won't be able to use the driver from Ubuntu out-of-the-box. See also Is a NVIDIA GeForce with Optimus Technology supported by Ubuntu?


Turned on the automatic login & now the password doesn't works. Also having problem with keyboard input

What you may not realise, is that when the terminal prompts for a password, it does not echo the input, so it looks like it isn't working (when it actually is!). So run the same process again and hit enter and whatever you typed before you hit enter will have been entered. This is for security issues I am guessing (terminal logs?).

As for the password not working when opening steam, just click the cancel button if entering text doesn't work (I believe I have had this issue from time to time, but it is rare) and try opening steam from the terminal. If this problem persists open a new question about it.

If my answer helped and solved your main question (in the title) then please mark it as correct. Thanks.


Is it safe to leave the /home folder on an SSD?

No, it is not a bad thing. I have been using a /home on my sdd for at least 2 years.

But I did change /home/$USER/.config/user-dirs.dirs so all my user directories point to my HDD. Those directories (like Downloads and Desktop are my 2 main areas where things get written and stored).

I plan for failure: my SDD has -no- personal data. If it fails I buy me a new one and re-install Ubuntu. My personal stuff on my HDD that I can not restore (so addresses, a passwordsafe, vpn stuff etc and not music, movies or sofware I can re-download) are all also on 2 USB sticks.

The 15 minutes it takes to re-install Ubuntu onto my SDD make it worth keeping the default operating system things on it.


ubuntu software manager does not function properly

Go on terminal and type in;

sudo apt-get -f install

that should refresh everything and make things work fine, that's what i did when the same thing happened to me, i don't know if it will work or not though..


Does not give me the option to "run alongside windows"

When you install Ubuntu, select the Something else option, and in the Unallocated partition, make 3 partitions

One. around 5 Gbs (swap)
Two. around whatever you want ("/")
Three. around whatever you want too ("home")

** Note: "/" and "home" are mount points.
It's always recommended to have "/" and "home" in different partitions.
After you done that, continue with the installation, it should install grub during the Ubuntu installation.
In case you didn't know, grub is a boot manager, that will appear whenever you turn on your computer, giving you the option to boot the desired OS.


I was having the exact same problem with Ubuntu 12.10 on an Asus Eee pc 1225. I've had some trouble with ACPI functions with this machine in the past. I'm no longer buying Asus products because they are poorly made.

Anyways, to fix this problem I added a boot parameter to GRUB. I found the suggested solution here:
Keyboard not working on a Samsung 300e5a laptop

I tried adding acpi=noirq but that seemed to only re-enable the keyboard. The touchpad still didn't work. Next I tried acpi=off. That worked to get both keyboard and touchpad working. I also tried acpi_osi=Linux and that also worked. I tried rebooting and not changing the boot parameters and the keyboard and touchpad again didn't work. It only worked with acpi_osi=Linux and acpi=off. Your results may be different.

To change the boot parameters, check this link:
How do I add a kernel boot parameter?

Basically, when GRUB starts at boot, press E to bring up the editor. Find the line that starts with linux and add acpi_iso=Linux to the end of it, and then press Ctrl+X.

Then if that fixes your problem, make the changes permanent by editing the /etc/default/grub file. Find the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line and add acpi_iso=Linux to the end of the value on the right. Save, run sudo update-grub and reboot.

I hope that works out for you. Good luck.


Piping to a process sends data to it in place of what you'd type after you have launched the process, not what you'd type as part of the command that launches the process.
(cd is also not a process but that's less important, I address it below.)
Piping attaches one command's output to another command's input. Consider:
foo | bar

That runs bar, runs foo, and:

instead of showing foo's output on the terminal, it directs it to bar as input.
instead of taking input to bar from the terminal, it takes it from foo's output.

(Both those bullet points actually express the same thing.)
So, what happens when you run tail -n 1 ~/mloc | cd?

It runs cd and, whenever cd accepts input while running, it takes that input from the output of tail -n 1 ~/mloc.
cd never accepts input while running.

See standard streams (Wikipedia) for more information on the precise meaning of input and output in this answer. (Here, by input, I mean "standard input" and by output I mean "standard output.")
There is also the issue that cd is not actually a program, but a shell builtin, so when you run cd no new process is launched. But that is not really why what you're trying doesn't work, because:

Using pipes to pass command line arguments, as you've been attempting, will not ever work for any program.

There's no reason a shell couldn't be written to accommodate pipes to a shell builtin, considering that they accommodate pipes from shell builtins.
Note that sometimes when you use a shell builtin like it's a real program, what happens is that the real program of the same name is run instead. But there's no separate program for cd, and we can pipe from cd; for example, run cd blah 2>&1 | less; if blah doesn't exist or isn't a directory, you'll be able to view the error in less.

Finally, consider what's different about cd $(tail -n 1 ~/mloc). This command:

Runs tail -n 1 ~/mloc and captures its output.
Instead of displaying the output, constructs a command consisting of it appended to cd .
Runs that command.


Why doesn't Gnome3 work even after trying all these workarounds?

Let's try resetting GNOME settings to the default and see if that helps.

How do I reset GNOME to the defaults?

I am guessing one of the configuration files in your home directory is causing these problems and removing them would possibly work for you.


How to disable xscreensaver lock on suspend?

Take a look at this AskUbuntu Question.

Basically, you should also disable screen locking in power manager settings

If you are not using power manager, you can try to comment out line LOCK_SCREEN=TRUE in /etc/default/acpi-support


Youtube yellow snow screen on Google Chrome

The reason for that is built in Flash player.

If you have flash player plugin installed for Firefox than you can use it in Chrome too by changing setup in chrome://plugins.

Select Detailed View and uncheck the flash plugin that is named "pepper flash" or "out-of-process."


The version of Onedrive available in the default Ubuntu repositories is old and buggy. To get the latest version, you can use the following unofficial PPA.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yann1ck/onedrive
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install onedrive

If you don't want to use the PPA, you can compile it from source. For more information see
https://github.com/abraunegg/onedrive/blob/master/docs/INSTALL.md
If you want to see a working version of Onedrive in default Ubuntu repositories, consider becoming the Onedrive package maintainer for Ubuntu.


Generate a separate .md5 file for each file in a directory, while SKIPPING existing ones

Rather than create one .md5 file per file ("millions of files"), using up millions of disk clusters and millions of inodes, put .md5 signatures for all files in one big file (which you can split up later, if you wish)(read man find;man xargs):

find . -type f \! -name '*.md5' -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum > md5sum.out
#   Separate filenames with \000^^^^^^^          ^ in case some have spaces
#              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ but NOT *.md5 files
#      ^^^^^^^ each file


Is there any way to get a roaming profile in Ubuntu with say ubuntu one, dropbox, rsync, etc?

I am using Dropbox and symlinks to every folder in my /home, plus Mozilla sync.

It works very nicely. Dropbox lets me see progress of upload/downloads and with a good connection even medium-sized files travel very quickly from the netbook to the travel laptop to the home desktop to my Android phone and back.

I haven't tried with system config files or with the full /home (I only  have the free smaller Dropbox account), though.


How to install Brave Web Browser for ubuntu 16.04

As stated by Brave installation manual, the easiest way to install Brave web browser is as snap package.

Since snap tool is pre-installed on Ubuntu 16.04, you just need to open your terminal and run the following command:

snap install brave


Why can't I extend my partition with GParted?

Well, right after the ERROR line it says

/dev/sda5 has unsupported feature(s): metadata_csum
e2fsck: Get a newer version of e2fsck!

So there's your problem.

It looks like you're running a debian live iso? I can't tell but it looks like their version (from stable or old-stable or even older) of e2fsck just doesn't support your partition.

You can check the version of e2fsck by running e2fsck -V or check with a package manager like Synaptic, and possibly upgrade it there.

Or you can download a newer live ISO.


You could use Redis, which is lightweight and simple. I would refer you to this question on StackOverflow, which contains a few good links.


How to disable pinch, zoom and swipe on touchpad of wireless usb keyboard?

The problem are the keyboards themselves.  See answer from libinput for further information.  Basically, the keyboards do not have proper error detection and send signals to the system the user does not intend.  At this time there is not an easy way to turn off gestures.


What are triggers in package management?

Triggers are the set of instructions or procedures which are defined and stored somewhere by the system or the user which will be automatically executed whenever any kind of update or operation is performed on a system/database.

So during an update or software removal/installation some triggers are automatically executed to ensure updated database of the system and performance as well.


How can I change the bottom text in grub2?

If you use the native English version of Ubuntu, you will need to change the source and recompile.

If you use a translated version, or an English dialect (like Canadian, Australian, etc.) you can do the following:

Install poedit.
Go to this page and download the file ending in .po that corresponds to your locale (if necessary, use the locale command to find out which language you are using).
Open the file with poedit. Find the line that translates "press e to edit..." to your own language, and change the translation to whatever you want.
Compile to a .mo file. Store this file in /boot/grub/locale, overwriting the current .mo file. (Even better: make a backup first.)
Reboot. Grub will show your changed translation.

Disclaimer: I did not try this out, but I'm pretty sure it works this way, and if not, no harm is done.


How to locate the cron file entry for a scheduled task?

User crontabs are on /var/spool/cron/crontabs/$USER

For all cron jobs that should be executed under a user's account, you should use crontab -e.

  The -e option is used to edit the current crontab using the editor specified by the VISUAL or EDITOR environment variables.  After you exit from the  editor,  the  modified  crontab will  be installed automatically. If neither of the environment variables is defined, then the default editor /usr/bin/editor is used.

More at cron and crontab man pages.

Change the default editor with sudo update-alternatives --config editor. For just one time you can run for e.g. EDITOR=vim crontab -e.


I think to properly answer this a little more information may be needed. When you say "connected" does that mean wifi or wired??

Assuming that means a physical cable is plugged in then here's a quick list.

Check your ethernet cable from the switch/router/modem to your computer. Validate that there is actually a link being established. Possibly even reset your modem
Next Open Network Manager and navigate down to "Connection Information"

Take note of what your IPv4 address is. The most commonly used class C address from your consumer router/modem is:

192.168.X.X

Take a look at your Broadcast Address and Default Route as well. If your network was properly configured then all of those entries would be populated, most likely they will be of the same range of numbers as your IP Address. If any of these entries don't appear then that may be your problem.

Next follow this Guide on the Ubuntu Forum and perhaps ask your question in the forum. I have only giving a fraction of what the troubleshooting will consist of and the community may be able to better answer you there. This way you can submit your debug logs,etc.


Android device detection in Lenovo yoga laptop - Ubuntu 14.04 64bit

Yeah, all I did was use a high quality USB cable which fixed it. Silly how such simple things make a huge difference.


error running shared postrotate script for mysql

I think I found the problem according to https://serverfault.com/questions/325171/debian-mysql-error-running-shared-postrotate-script-for-var-log-mysql-log:
My password for user debian-sys-maint was not correct. I updated the password with:
update user set authentication_string=password("<password>") where user="debian-sys-maint";


After bootup and the latest update installed I went into Synaptic to reinstall VLC and found it and most of it's libs not installed, it was 3.0.3.1. Checked my version, it was 3.0.4. Installed the older version and everything works from the data drive. Still have to grab a dvd and check that.


Restart gnome software by using killall gnome-software or sudo killall gnome-software command  solve the problem if it's a problem in gnome software or snap store.


How do I integrate Dropbox in Sync Menu Indicator?

I just tried installing it, but it just crashed when I tried starting it.

But you could always try asking the developers here or file a bug here.


Will dual booting windows 8.1 with Ubuntu affect the future Windows 10 upgrade?

I don't see a reason why you should be concerned. As long as you have enough free disk space on the Windows partition to do the upgrade there should be no further issues. I did an upgrade from Windows 8 to 8.1, where disk space was the only issue I had.


How can I use a git client with a GUI on a bitbucket repo which I already worked on?

I use Git cola on occasion, and if you have your your local repo up and running you just need to open the folder (which is on the initial screen when you first open Git cola)


Most of the time I get '^?' instead of backspace action

You can change this behavior by editing the terminal profile.

Right-click in the terminal window and choose Profiles >> Profile Preferences
Or from the menu: Edit >> Profile Preferences
Navigate to the the compatibility tab and find 'Backspace key generates'
Select 'ASCII DEL'

If this did not help, refer to this and this.


How do I increase the number of TTY consoles?

Before answering your question, I would rather point you to use something like screen or tmux.

But if you insist on using ttys, you can spawn a new one with:

sudo systemctl start getty@ttyN.service

with N being a number not already in use.

You could change the default number of ttys started at boot (6) to something else by editing /etc/systemd/logind.conf and uncommenting the first line and change the number 6 to something else like:

[Login]
NAutoVTs=7

Source: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Getty


I fixed it by using a different dns such as 8.8.8.8 , after somebody suggested it may be an ipv6 problem.


How to switch workspace with mouse wheel with Compiz

To do so (presuming you have compizconfig-settings-manager installed)

Go to Desktop > Viewport Switcher.

It shows 20 buttons by default, which doesn't mean you actually can trigger 20 buttons.

To check which ones work, you can use the xev command. Type the command into a terminal, ensure the xev window has focus and then try your buttons.


Is there a desktop RSS reader that supports G+ integration?

Currently Google+ only has an API to read public posts ( https://developers.google.com/+/api/ ), which isn't that helpful. There currently is no RSS feed for a user in Google+. Until one of those two happen you aren't going to find an RSS reader that supports Google+.


samba isn't accessible from other computers in the network?

not sure what p5p1 is on your server, but
please edit your interfaces-setting according to your subnet:

[global]
    server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
    interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.2.0/24, p5p1
    server role = standalone server
    ....

furthermore, also check your iptables if you have them enabled.


How to require oracle java when creating a .deb package?

Officially (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Java) you cannot. Oracle Java is not in Ubuntu repo anymore. Is there a feature in .deb packaging to require a package in custom repo? (I doubt.) Otherwise you may require oracle-java8-installer and oracle-java8-set-default (http://www.webupd8.org/2012/09/install-oracle-java-8-in-ubuntu-via-ppa.html) and write in the package info something like "please add such custom PPA for this excellent package, dont worry they are honest people, trust me". (Please excuse my sarcasm if it offends you.)

I really feel pity for such state of things; Java imho deserves more respect. OTOH why are you insisting on Oracle java? OpenJDK works good as well.


Only two audio channels work on an Acer 4830T

I also have a timeline 4830t.  It only has 2 internal speaker, so it is not possible to get Dolby 5.1 sound.  The advertised 5.1 Dolby is for HDMI output.  Have you tried connecting it to your home theater?  I have test internal speaker in Windows 7, and Ubuntu 12.04 and the preform the same.


Can't compile drivers for rt8188eu wifi card

You compile a wrong branch for your kernel. Do this

sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git
cd rtlwifi_new
make
sudo make install


Why don't my Xbox & PS3 controllers work in 14.04?

I was able to fix the issue with the Xbox 360 USB controller forcing my mouse to fly across the screen by uninstalling: xf86-input-joystick and then rebooting.

This removed the ability for the joystick to control the mouse. I can now use the gamepad normally with xboxdrv:

sudo rmmod xpad
sudo xboxdrv --detach-kernel-driver --mimic-xpad –silent

I believe the PS3 controller not working in Ubuntu 14.04 will continue to be an issue until a kernel update fixes it.


Removal steam 64 didn't work ubuntu 14.04.3LTS 64bit

This is the related chat room, The OP will merge his questions which are related to same root cause, deleted /var/lib/dpkg by mistake.

You have already recovered for some files like status. But you are still missing package info files in /var/lib/dpkg/info.

Most important is the installed file *.list. Without them dpkg will remove the package from the status file (for purge) and flag them as deinstall (for remove), but it will not remove the files.

Options:

It is recommended to reinstall the system as in this similar case: I just lost /var/lib/dpkg
Or If you have good Internet connection, flag all installed packages to be reinstalled. (like an upgrade operation).

For easy way, use synaptic
Dirty way: Generate the *.list files and live with it. I couldn't manage to filter configuration files for each package. So remember any future apt-get remove will be like apt-get purge.

Install apt-file

sudo apt-get install apt-file

Update package contents lists

apt-file update

Generate list for each installed package, quiet long operation (I didn't have time to optimize)

mkdir file_lists_deleteme
dpkg --get-selections | grep -v deinstall | awk '{print $1}' | xargs -I '{}' bash -c "apt-file -F list '{}' > file_lists_deleteme/'{}'.preformat"

cd file_lists_deleteme
for f in *.preformat; do awk '{for (i=2; i<=NF; i++) print $i}' $f > $(basename $f .preformat).list ; done

Change ownership to root and install them to the system

sudo chown root:root file_lists_deleteme/*.list
sudo cp file_lists_deleteme/*.list /var/lib/dpkg/info/

For Steam & Flareget as they are not on the installed package list, the better is the reinstall them then purge/remove again.

Yes, you will see some dpkg complains (if you have chosen the dirty fix) like:

dpkg: warning: while removing flareget, directory '/usr/share/lintian/overrides' not empty so not removed

when it tries to remove some non-empty system folder. They are just warning & harmless, never mind about them.


The swap partition doesn't need to be at the end. I think that primarily happens because it's usually the last partition added to a table when it's being created.

More info from The Linux Documentation Project


How do I install the Ask Ubuntu Unity Lens, and how do I use it?

The Ask Ubuntu Lens is a way to search askubuntu.com via your desktop in Unity. You can search for anything on the site. Questions, tags, users, and badges all show up in the search results and then it will take you here.
Depending on your Ubuntu version:
For 12.10 and above

In 12.10 and above, the Ask Ubuntu Lens is now just a scope of the Help lens, to summon it with a keyboard shortcut use Super-H.
For 12.04 or 11.10:
You can install the Ask Ubuntu Unity Lens via the Software Centre by clicking below:

You will need to log out and log back in for the lens to show up and work correctly.
For 11.04:
You can install the Ask Ubuntu Unity Lens via a PPA
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:askubuntu-tools/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install unity-place-askubuntu

Just open up a terminal window and enter the above commands. Then, you need to log out and log back (or run unity --replace) in for the lens to show up and work correctly.

You can click on the Ask Ubuntu icon on your launcher (for 11.04), or inside your dash in 12.04 and 11.10. To get a fully expanded lens or you can hit the Super-U keyboard shortcut to summon the lens, then ask your question:
12.04 & 11.10 version:

11:04 version:

You can also right click on the icon and get a quicklist of different sub searches if you only want to search for a specific thing:

You can find more info here.

Report bugs here


Brightness control doesn't work on a Toshiba Satellite L750 with a GeForce GT550

This solved the problem on a vaio laptop with nvidia card

http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=11543948&postcount=40


Ubuntu 13.04 users switching without password

Go to System Settings > User Accounts and follow the indications from the next immage:

Apply the same settings on both accounts.


Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 8265 / 8275 (rev 78) on ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS

As noted above, your device isn't supported until kernel version 4.6 and later. I believe that Ubuntu 16.04.3 runs 4.4.0-xx; confirm:

uname -r

You can install kernel version 4.10 with:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-generic-hwe-16.04

You probably also need newer firmware.

cd /tmp
wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-firmware/linux-firmware_1.169.1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

Reboot and your wireless should be working.


11.10 does not restore open apps in hibernate, works like shutdown

You've not given an awful lot of information so we'll have to start with the basics I guess.

Check that your swap partition at least as big as the amount of RAM you have.

Check that there is any obvious messages in /var/log/pm-*

Ensure your grub configuration has resume=/dev/sdX where sdX matches your swap partition. (or resume=UUID=x perhaps)

EDIT: hm just had a little test myself and resume= might not be necessary (any more). If you follow the directions on this page, does it work:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PowerManagement/Hiberate#swsusp

ie:

sudo -s
echo platform > /sys/power/disk
echo disk > /sys/power/state

The system should immediately start the process after the second echo.


How can I capture text from a specific terminal and redirect it to a log file while simultaneously working?

The script command can do this, it starts a session and all output is by default captured into a file called typescript.  Alternatively, one can specify the filename to contain the captured session, e.g.

script capture.txt

..then run your commands and finally type "exit" to exit the session.

To ensure you don't get any control characters, use:

TERM=dump
script capture.txt

and when you exit, use:

col -b < capture.txt > cleaned-capture.txt


Run configuration script at X session resume

I had a similar problem. The issue is to connect to the X server. I solved it by stealing from /etc/acpi/sleep.sh. Put the following into /etc/pm/sleep.d/99_setup_touchpad.

#! /bin/sh

. /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs

case "$1" in
    resume|thaw)
        if pidof xscreensaver > /dev/null; then
            for x in /tmp/.X11-unix/*; do
                displaynum=`echo $x | sed s#/tmp/.X11-unix/X##`
                getXuser;
                if [ x"$XAUTHORITY" != x"" ]; then
                    export DISPLAY=":$displaynum"
                    su $user -c "xinput set-prop 'CyPS/2 Cypress Trackpad' 'Device Accel Constant Deceleration' 2"
                    su $user -c "xinput set-prop 'CyPS/2 Cypress Trackpad' 'Device Accel Velocity Scaling' 35"
                    su $user -c "xinput set-prop 'CyPS/2 Cypress Trackpad' 'Synaptics Scrolling Distance' -20, -20"
                fi
            done
        fi
        ;;
    *)
        # Nothing.
        ;;
esac

Finally make the file executable: chmod 755 /etc/pm/sleep.d/99_setup_touchpad.

Note: I'm usually the only one logged in via X on my laptop. So the loop is just one iteration. I don't know what happens if there are more than one sesssions live at the same time. The above is good enough for me.


update-rc.d: error: insserv rejected the script header dpkg: erreur de traitement du paquet util-linux (--configure) :

I think util-linux init script in /etc/init.d is missing LSB information

As a temporary workaround you can locate that script and add something like at top

#!/bin/sh -e
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:
# Required-Start:
# Required-Stop:
# Default-Start:
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description:
### END INIT INFO

But it's not a complete solution. You will keep getting such error messages whenever you install an application that adds init script into /etc/init.d

I had similar problem and I fixed it with applying the solution in the last post on this link https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/insserv/+bug/467000

Note that it doesn't mean it will work in your case. And It might break your system

For LSB information check out https://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts


do you have windows on this computer or  just you have Ubuntu?
some windows viruses generates .exe files with name of folders in a directory. so it is a trick to make users to double click on them. be sure your real files are safe. so open terminal (type terminal in dash)
and follow these commands:

sudo su -

and type your password, then

cd /home/<your account name>/<directory of your files>/

then change permision of all file and folders in this directory with this command:

chmod 777 -R .

also you can see this file size with following command:

du -hs .

if it is OK (if it shows correct size). then remove .exe from end of file name by right click on them and rename it. i think it will solve this problem.


Disable 'recommends' from within package control file

Not an exact answer to my question, but I worked around the issue using

apt-get -o apt::install-recommends=false <packagename>

in the Anisble playbook used to provision our servers.


Are there any plans or ongoing work of supporting Apple T2 chip SSD?

The Linux kernel team is not going to support Apple T2 chip. The support has been requested in the kernel’s bug tracker and the current status is WILL_NOT_FIX.

Details are given in a comment to the bug:

  It's not NVMe compliant, hence it won't work with the in-kernel NVMe driver. This is not a Linux bug, it's Apple doing their usual thing. If someone wants to work on this, be my guest.

Since there is no public documentation for T2, Linux kernel developers have refused to try to support this hardware. However, unexpected things may happen and the support for Apple T2 may appear sometimes.

  “While there’s life, there’s hope.”
  Marcus Tullius Cicero


Starting browser after boot without starting full GUI

This Question is asked completely differently but has the same answer How can I add new autostart programs in Lubuntu?

But in your case you would need to find a line in the .desktop file for chromium found in /usr/share/applications and change the exec line to chromium-browser --kisok URL

Although keep in mind starting LXDE will start lxpanel which I am not sure will be what you want with a kisosk.


Problem with CD DVD media Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

I remember that nautilus had some trouble in beginning version
of 12.04 LTS - but it is fixed then in updates and in 12.04.02 LTS ?

You are new with ubuntu ? - then try this in konsole:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

if necessary then
sudo reboot


Prevent Ubuntu from changing hardware clock

systemd-timesyncd.service

is responsible for updating time on systemd based systems. That is a built-in NTP client for systemd. This will stop and disable it:

$ sudo -i
# systemctl stop systemd-timesyncd
# systemctl disable systemd-timesyncd

(systemd uses timedatectl and that can be used by itself too).

Please note, regardless of your question that when system clock is set to Local Time, systemd-timesyncd won't update hardware clock. So the EASIEST approach would be to use local time.

In older versions there would be a UTC=yes in /etc/default/rcS. Set that to no if you want to disable updating the hardware clock
timedatectl --adjust-system-clock set-local-rtc true does the same and will warn you about breaking time zone changes and daylight saving time adjustments.


Is there a Mac 68k emulator for Ubuntu 12.04?

I'm not sure if this is what you need, but I had tested in the past this emulator and it works perfectly (you may need a OS image though, it can run up to Mac 9 if I remember correctly). http://minivmac.sourceforge.net.


Ctrl key sticking a lot seems to be logically stuck

I'm currently having this issue too.  What helped me is: go to system settings, then universal access, and then turn off repeat keys or change the delay.


How to change the passphrase for a private directory encrypted with ecryptfs

As said in Change the passphrase of an ecryptfs directory :

  There is no way to change the passphrase on the fly as ecryptfs
  encrypts each file with that passphrase individually and all files
  need to be rewritten with the new passphrase.

  So all you can do is create a new directory, mount it with the new
  passphrase and copy all the files over there.


Why do I get these strange errors when running PHP scripts?

Probably worth a bug report.

sudo mv /etc/php5/conf.d/sqlite.ini /root

See http://acme-tech.net/blog/2011/11/27/unable-to-load-dynamic-library-usrlibphp520090626sqlite-so/


From mysql documentation:

   "ConnectionStrings": {
    "DefaultConnection": "server=127.0.0.1;user id=root;password=pass;port=3306;database=blog;"
}

You will obviously have to replace the password, username and database to suit your needs.


How to change the Upload size in Ubuntu server 14.10 running onwcloud

What you did didn't work for you, because you have changed the wrong php.ini. The one you have changed is for the command line PHP.

The one that apache is using is located at

/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini

Do not forget to restart apache after you have edited the file:

sudo service apache2 restart

If you enabled mod_rewrite you can also put this to your .htaccess file:

php_value upload_max_filesize = 16G
php_value post_max_size = 16G

To enable mod_rewrite:

sudo a2enmod rewrite
service apache2 restart

After that edit this file /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-deafult, or if you have virtual hosts, edit the virtual host file to allow overriding. Find this lines:

<Directory /var/www/>
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
    AllowOverride None
    Order allow,deny
    allow from all
</Directory>

And change AllowOverride None to AllowOverride All, or just add AllowOverride All under Directory tag if you does not have AllowOverride None

You can read the official article on owncloud documentation and how to change the upload limit here.


The command and arguments passed to sudo should not be surrounded in quotes, so you can try

sudo -u misc -i ls -l

but

sudo -u misc -i ls ~

should not list misc's home directory content, but your home, because the ~ character is expanded before been passed to sudo. You could try to avoid this using

sudo -u misc -i ls '~'

but this again doesn't work, because sudo do not invoke a shell to execute its command, so ~ has no meaning out of a shell.

Finally, the solution could be

sudo -u misc -i bash -c 'ls ~'


I have an enormus .tab (notepad) files, which i want to Merge into one;

Would this command help you?

cat *.tab > merged.tab


Perl dependancy problems installing Webmin

Ubuntu will need these installed to work:

sudo apt-get install libwrap0 libwrap0-dev


Recommend regular expression plugin for gedit?

The best regular expression plugin is advanced-find. Check it out and I am sure you'll be satisfied.


Description of Network set up / Admin/Standard user

Welcome to Ask Ubuntu! As vembutech already answered Number 1, here's number 2:

The first user being created during install is an admin user and you can use that one to log into, go to the dash (the upper-left icon on your screen) and type "user" there.  You will see an icon "User accounts".  Click it and use that screen to define a standard user by pressing on the little + in the lower left corner. (everything from there on should be straightforward)

As you're new to Ask Ubuntu: Don't thank anyone on this site, but accept their answer as valid if it helped you...  That is the best way of thinking people as their reputation will go up!  ;-)


Can't print to wireless Epson XP-830 in Ubuntu 19.10

Final solution...

set a valid static IP address in the printer (192.168.1.104)
"Added" a printer using "AppSocket/HP JetDirect" using the above IP address


Which certificate do I add to the trusted store in order to add my device certificate to the trusted store?

Why do you need to trust a root CA

Certificates just say that something is trusted according to an entity (can be itself).

For example, Stack Overflow uses the following certificate chain:

The problem is how do you know to trust the Root CA cert? In browsers these are preset (either in the OS or as a local store in the browser)

How this applies to your VPN

For your VPN you need to manually install the Root CA for the VPN, as the VPN CA will not be pre-installed into your OS.

If your CA is on the VPN server you should be able to get the cert from the VPN server by following these instructions: https://kb.pulsesecure.net/articles/Pulse_Secure_Article/KB40278/?l=en_US&fs=RelatedArticle

If you use your own CA you can use it instead.


I had the same problem and found a solution for KDE Plasma 5.

In KDE you can edit application window/application settings (right click on the title -> More Actions -> Special Application Settings) and make window non-closeable. After that you can only use application menu to exit.


You probably need your server up to do the pppoe authentication. Look at these instructions. I think they will help you to do this,


You can set LC_TIME to a different locale. Using Date:

$ LC_TIME=en_US.UTF_8 date "+%c"
Thu 20 Aug 2015 04:28:21 PM EDT
$ LC_TIME=en_UK.UTF_8 date "+%c"
Thu Aug 20 16:28:27 2015

This can be changed permanently in etc/default/locale.

Note however that not all programs honor this setting. So it may not work system-wide. For instance the clock in the Ubuntu top menu has its own configuration for time format.


Only put certain directories in home to another partition

This is completely possible.

Mount your HDD via fstab.

Modify the ~/.config/user-dirs.dirsin your home directory.

You can modify the entry by changing XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Picture" to XDG_PICTURES_DIR="/<your_pictures_directory>".

The same thing goes for any other such directory.

My setup below:

This will also change the bookmarks in the places column so you can easily navigate across directories. Programs also don't have any problem whatsoever.

After this change, the programs will start using the new directories. Though the earlier folders will still exist, they wont be used by any programs. You need to remove them and replace them with symbolic links to your new directories. These symlinks are completely for our convenience only and have no impact on programs.


I did use https://packages.ubuntu.com/ and looking in your version bio,  disco etc in the Web group for pepperflash player,
install it, restart your Chromium and for me flashplayer worked.


libc6 : Depends: libc-bin (= 2.15-0ubuntu10) but 2.15-0ubuntu10.5 is installed

Run :

sudo dpkg -r libc6

sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.15-0ubuntu10.5_i386.deb

If above are successful or not, run :

gksudo gedit /var/lib/dpkg/status

In the resulting gedit, remove the whole section starts with :

Package : libc6

then run an update. If this not resolves, You need to format.


Just upgraded to 15.04 and i'm crashing at the login screen

I think I have similar problem to yours: Ubuntu 15.04. Problem booting with systemd

If that's the case in bootloader's select screen select line Advanced Options for Ubuntu and then load option with upstart.

If that works you can set upstart as your default service manager: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SystemdForUpstartUsers#Permanent_switch_back_to_upstart


You might be looking at the wrong place. Take a look at upstart. Sysvinit has been replaced by upstart in Ubuntu. The old init scripts still work but a lot of packages use the new startup system. Take a look at here.


If I understand correctly, what you want is moving the /home folder to your RAID disk. In that way, users would have a directory (their $HOME directory) in which they could do everything they want.

In case you understand not fully how it works, Unix has a standard directory tree, created on installation under the root /. By default, all this is created on the boot disk or device, but you can dispatch those folders on different disks or partitions. These are permanent mountpoints, you can fetch them in the file /etc/fstab

The important point is the system needs these folders to work correctly. On the contrary, some disks or network shares can be added (mounted) on the system temporarily. These must be located somewhere in the directory tree, and most often, the /media folder is used for it. This folder is dedicated to temporary mounts like CDs or USB disks. But things like NFS shares can be mounted anywhere.

Now, if you want to create this configuration (/home folder on your RAID disk), the easiest and safest way is to do it during system installation. It can be done too on an existing installation, but it's a much more risky business.


It is policy backport security bugfixes, although it's not always by shipping the latest package version.  Sometimes, it's just applying the part of the patch that is relevant and bumping the ~ubuntuXXXXX version number not the package version.

That said, a DNS leak might not cross the threshold for serious security bug that merits the man-hours for a backport.


Does removing a partition automatically increase another?

No, removing one partition will not automatically increase another. You need some partition manager software, like Gparted or fdisk. There you should remove one partition and resize another. You should boot into LiveCD/USB to use Gparted or fdisk because they require the partitions to be unmounted before doing any operation.


Ubuntu 12.04, why service procps start doesn't start procps?

The procps service really isn't a long-running daemon. service procps start just invokes the script in /etc/init/procps, which causes all the contents of /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf and /etc/sysctl.conf to be piped to sysctl -e -p -.

So, the act of running service procps start is pretty much the same as what you are manually doing, and should already be applying at boot, assuming your procps upstart job is configured to run.


Options written in greek alphabets & not english

What! Rajanish! Tools language is in Greek alphabets. Is your whole system in Greek alphabets or only the tools language is in Greek. Please specify. Anyhow don't worry. Follow me. Open System Settings.
Then Click on Language Support.

Find English There and then Click on Apply System Wide(I think at the present yours will be selected as Greek.). Hope this helps if not please comment and give more details.


Problem with exiftool and geosync, possibly related to daylight saving time

Yes, the problem ultimately comes from the DST switching and the fact that the DateTimeOriginal is interpreted as local time (hence subject to DST changes). There seem to be several ways to workaround the problem

A) change the local time zone

I.e., change the locale settings so that your system is in a time zone that does not switch DST during the time interval and then invoke exiftool as in the OP.

However, I won't recommend this. You'd also have to be careful that the selected DST-less time zone is not too far off or else exiftool might be off by a full day with some of its guesses. It seems that West Africa Time (as used in Nigeria) would have worked in my specific situation.

B) Add Time zone information to DateTimeOriginal first

I.e., first run

exiftool '-DateTimeOriginal<$DateTimeOriginal+01:00' -ext .jpg .

as +01:00 was effectively the camara's time zone all along.
This might have been advisable anyway to prevent future confusion about the time the images were taken. Then again, we are about to add the unambiguous and adjusted GPS time anyway.

I ended up doing

C) Use -geotime and explicit reference times with time zone specification

... as in

exiftool -geotag "*.gpx" \
 -geosync "19:25:42Z@2018:03:01 20:25:42+01:00" \
 -geosync "09:16:34Z@2018:03:31 10:17:00+01:00" \
 '-geotime<${DateTimeOriginal}+01:00' \
 -ext .jpg .

This tells exiftool to use DateTimeOriginal with specified time zone instead of interpreted as local time. Unfortunately, this only applies to the times read from the images being modified, not for the times read form the reference images (even if one changes the parameter order), so that the explicit times (with time zone) had to be used instead of file references.

Actually, since my refernce images had already been assigned correct GPS times from the first experiments, what I really did was a mix of B and C: I did the adjustment suggested in "B" only for the two reference images:

$ exiftool '-DateTimeOriginal<$DateTimeOriginal+01:00' IMG_7882.jpg IMG_9798.jpg

so that their DateTimeOriginal data had time zone info:

$ exiftool -datetimeoriginal -gpsdatetime IMG_7882.jpg
Date/Time Original              : 2018:03:01 20:25:42.00+01:00
GPS Date/Time                   : 2018:03:01 19:25:42Z
$ exiftool -datetimeoriginal -gpsdatetime IMG_9798.jpg
Date/Time Original              : 2018:03:31 10:17:00.00+01:00
GPS Date/Time                   : 2018:03:31 09:16:34Z

After that I could use the reference images by their file names

exiftool -geotag "*.gpx" \
 -geosync "IMG_7882.jpg" \
 -geosync "IMG_9798.jpg" \
 '-geotime<${DateTimeOriginal}+01:00' \
 -ext .jpg .

produces the desired result for the  GPS times (and consequently for the GPS coordinates) also for intermediate images:

$ exiftool -datetimeoriginal -gpsdatetime IMG_8888.jpg
Date/Time Original              : 2018:03:17 15:32:22
GPS Date/Time                   : 2018:03:17 14:32:08.114220008Z


The simple way to do it is to download the video onto the EC2 machine and then FTP to godaddy. Videos can be of various sizes and can take time to download before they can be FTP. Hence, use cron job that checks that video is downloaded and if so upload to FTP.

AFAIK, there is no package that can do this, so you need to engineer this.

I came across a NodeJS package to upload directly to S3


Can't mount encrypted partition - "No key available with this pass-phrase". Did the Ubuntu Gnome installer destroy my encrypted drive?

In answer to why you had the grub error. sda isn't the internal drive ... it is the first drive detected by the system, regardless if you boot from it.

usually this is the internal drive, but in some cases, such as rebooting with an external plugged in, the external will be recognized first and be assigned sda by linux regardless of whether you boot from it.

Now as far as the encrypted drive goes, the passphrase is not the key. the passpphrase unlocks the gpg keyring where the key is stored. this keyring was deleted when you reinstalled ubuntu. I'm not sure exactly where this keyring is stored, but pretty certain it is somewhere in the root directory not your home folder or the encrypted drive.storing the keyring on the encrypted drive would be a security risk and defeat the purpose of the keyring, because then anyone that knew your passphrase could decrypt the drive on any machine

running a file recovery program might recover the keyring if it wasn't overwritten by the reinstall.


How to set different environment variables for different hosts

Use conditionals in your ~/.profile.

case `uname` in
  Solaris)
    PATH=/usr/xpg6/bin:/usr/xpg4/bin:$PATH
    LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/lib/solaris
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH;;
esac

You might also want to set some aliases and other shell settings differently. These go into your ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc.

case `uname` in
  Solaris)
    alias df='df -k' du='du -k'
    alias ls='ls -F';;
  Linux)
    alias ls='ls --color';;
esac


Found seemingly useless partition on Linux

I have used only standard drives shown as /dev/sdx and with such drives it is possible to do what you want. It should be possible with NVME drives too.
Editing partitions is risky, so I suggest that you start with a backup of everything that you cannot afford to lose.
Use gparted (when booted from a live drive) to

remove the last partition, /dev/nvme0n1p4
then expand the extended partition /dev/nvme0n1p3 and
after that expand /dev/nvme0n1p6

You could also create a partition in the grey unallocated drive space and use that partition with NTFS for storage of data that you want to share between Ubuntu and Windows.
It is best to store shared data in a data partition that is not a system partition for any of the operating systems. You might even want to reduce the size of the Windows partition (with Windows tools when running Windows), and create drive space to make that data partition bigger (than 9.77 GiB). After that you can move some data files from the Ubuntu as well as from the Windows partition to this data partition.


No success getting Intel AC 7260 wireless to work

Also look through /var/log/syslog for errors during start up. Are there more USB ports? I use a USB -> ethernet dongle for situations like this until I solve the problem.

To expound, my usb -> eth adapter is an old Trendnet TU2-ETG. It's chipset is from ASIX who are linux-friendly and this networking device has always worked for me. In a reddit post, the user dfinf2 recommends the modern equivalent to my trendnet, a Unitek USB3.0 to Gigabit Network Adapter with ASIX AX88179 Chipset. This post also says the consensus is a Apple usb to ethernet device works.

Over my years, I have more than once had realtek devices not operate in linux and I'm surprised you are having problems with Intel hardware; their PCIe Gigabit adapters are the go-to for all of my linux server builds.


Custom sh script not called from systemd service in Ubuntu 18.04

After many searches, I found the answser in this thread.

I added Type=forking in the Service directive and the script was really launched by the service.

Main PID: 12645 (pastec)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/pastec.service
           └─12645 ./pastec visualWordsORB.dat

  While the default Type=simple works for many
  Systemd service files, it does not work when the script in ExecStart
  launches another process and completes, as is the case with graphite's
  carbon-cache.py. In these cases you need to explicitly specify
  Type=forking in the [Service] section so that Systemd knows to look at
  the spawned process rather than the initial one.


The installation process was fairly simple as instructed in the official website. I'm copying here the installation process of Community Edition. Please refer to the official installation guide for further requirement.

wget -O - https://nightly.odoo.com/odoo.key | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb http://nightly.odoo.com/9.0/nightly/deb/ ./" >> sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install odoo

I've changed the command so that you don't need to switch as root.

Here's an explanation of the three commands above. The first line downloads Odoo repository key and adds to apt's trusted key db. The second one adds the odoo 9's nightly repository to your Ubuntu's repository list and the final line updates the list and install odoo.

Hope that helps.


There isn't a "best" for anything. Just pick what suits you best.
If you don't like gimp and/or don't find you have the time to learn it, you should search around for alternatives, though, I can't assure you you'll be able to use any of them without some relearning.
I always find Arch's list of applications worth a look: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications#Graphics_and_image_manipulation
Otherwise you have alternative.to: http://alternativeto.net/software/gimp/?platform=linux


How can I fix dpkg after my system ran out of space?

I have face this out of space issues several times. This is how i solve it. Usually apt-get create some cache which holds some space on the computer. So I clean the cache, then I get some space back for the system to use to run other other process. This is the reason I don't regularly clean cache. So this is my trick
$ sudo apt-get clean; sudo apt-get autoclean
You can then purge libreoffice afterwards.
PS: When you are faced with space issue you can try clean out old kernels as well with sudo apt-get autoremove --purge -y


GUI, two accounts to use different languages

Use Language Support when logged in as the admin user. Make sure all languages you need are installed, select English and apply system wide. Then, when logged in as the standard user, use Language Support to switch to the desired language.


All print jobs "Processing" indefinitely on HP Office Jet Pro

Things seem to have sort of magically started working, when I made a new connection to the printer. I did the following:

Opened Printers from dash
Added a printer
Clicked Find network printer
Entered the printer's ip address in the host box and clicked find
Under connection, selected HP Linux Imaging and Printing (HPLIP)
Proceeded through the rest of the add printer steps following the prompts.

The connection that got created seemed to work.


Modern graphics cards are well supported in the kernel through Kernel Mode Setting - this is the ability for the kernel to setup the display resolution early in the boot sequence to allow plymouth to display correctly.

However, some graphics cards are not compatible with KMS - or KMS itself doesnt directly recognize the graphics card.

In these circumstances, you can force plymouth to use a framebuffer - an old technique to directly access the graphics video memory (frame)

  The word framebuffer means a part of video memory containing a current
  video frame, and the Linux framebuffer means “access method to the
  framebuffer under the Linux kernel”, without relying on
  system-specific libraries such as SVGALib or another user space
  software. (wikipedia)

run plymouth in a framebuffer

In a terminal copy and paste the following:

echo FRAMEBUFFER=y | sudo tee /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/splash
sudo update-initramfs -u


How do I add a bash module to my startup profile?

First, in this case, extract the module from the Zip file to your home directory:

#   pipe from-zipfile          a-contained-file         to    a-new-file
unzip -p strongpw.zip strongpw_bash_module/strongpw.bash > ~/strongpw.bash

Then add the following line to your ~/.bashrc file:

. ~/strongpw.bash

The contents of ~/.bashrc are run at the start of every new interactive bash shell.  The . FILENAME causes ~/.bashrc to also include that file within the new shell allowing it to define functions there, in this case strongpw.


To kill all the processes that you have the permission to kill,open terminal and run the command

kill -15 -1 or kill -9 -1.

To learn how to scan read the answer to this question:

How can I scan for possible viruses on my Ubuntu system?


Having explored the internet and forum pages I have found the following has worked for me:-

Via terminal give the following codes one at a time

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install wine

The download amounts to some 500 mb but it has worked!

I am running Linux Mint 14 Mate 64 bit.


x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error

The Mach-O executable format is not used or supported in Ubuntu. The standard executable format for Ubuntu (and Linux in general) is ELF.

Install the mingw32 package:

sudo apt-get install mingw32

(Also see this SO answer.)


How can I operate on all files of a certain type if they might not have the right extension?

0. The script wants to do something like this.
The script shown in your question tries to enumerate files and check if they are JPEGs, but does neither reliably. It tries to pass all the paths to file in a single run and extract both filenames and types from the output of file, which is reasonable since it may be faster than running file again and again for each file. But to do it correctly, you need to be careful about how the paths are passed to file, how file delimits its output, and how you consume that output. You can use this:
#!/bin/bash

find . -exec file --mime-type -r0F '' {} + | while read -rd ''; do
    read -r mimetype
    case "$mimetype" in image/jpeg)
        # Bash placed the filename in "$REPLY" -- put commands that use it here.
        # You can have as many commands as you want before the closing ";;" token.
        ;;
    esac
done

That's one of several correct ways. (It does not need to set IFS=; see below.) find with + passes multiple path arguments to file and only runs it as many times as necessary to process them all, usually just once. Credit goes to αғsнιη for the idea of passing --mime-type to file to obtain the MIME type, which contains the information you actually want and is easy to parse.
A detailed explanation follows. I've used the specific task of JPEG compression as an example. That's what the script you showed is for, and lepton has some oddities that should be considered in deciding how to improve that script. If you just want to see a script that runs lepton on each JPEG file, you can skip to section 7. Putting It All Together.

The term path has several definitions. In this answer I use it to mean pathname.

1. Installing lepton
The script you showed is meant to traverse a directory hierarchy, find JPEG images, and process them with the lossless JPEG compressor lepton. For the main motivation of your question, the command may not really matter, but different commands have different syntax. Some commands accept multiple input filenames for a single run. Most accept -- to indicate the end of options. I'll use lepton as my example. The lepton command doesn't accept multiple input filenames and doesn't recognize --.
To use lepton, install it first. It's officially packaged for Ubuntu 17.04 and later (sudo apt install lepton). For earlier Ubuntu releases, or to use a newer version than is packaged for your release, clone its git repository (git clone https://github.com/dropbox/lepton.git) and build the source as instructed in the README. Or you might be able to find a PPA.
Depending how you install it, lepton may be in /usr/bin, /usr/local/bin, or elsewhere. Probably you will want it somewhere in $PATH; then you can run it as lepton. The script you showed uses absolute paths to lepton and the standard utilities mv and rm, but not to the other standard utilities file, find, grep and cut. (This is Bash, so echo--pointless in that script anyway--is a shell builtin. exit is always a builtin.) Though this isn't one of the script's serious flaws, there's no discernible reason for such inconsistency. Unless you're writing a script to tolerate not having $PATH set sensibly--in which case you must use absolute paths for all external commands--I suggest using relative paths for standard commands and those you've installed.
2. Running lepton
Cautions and General Information
I tested with lepton v1.0-1.2.1-104-g209463a (from Git). lepton was released back in July 2016 so I'd guess the current syntax will keep working. But future versions may add features. If you're reading this years from now, you might check if lepton has added support for tasks that once required scripting.
Please be careful what command-line arguments you pass. For example, I tried running lepton with -verbose as the first argument and art.jpg as the second. It interpreted -verbose as an input filename and quit with an error, but not before truncating art.jpg--which it interpreted as an output filename--down to zero bytes. Fortunately I had a backup!
You can pass zero, one, or two paths to lepton. In all cases, it examines its input file or stream to see if it contains JPEG or Lepton data. JPEG is compressed to Lepton; Lepton is decompressed to JPEG. lepton will remove and add file extensions but doesn't use them to decide what to do.
Zero Filenames — lepton - reads from stdin and writes to stdout.
Thus lepton - < infile > outfile is one way to read from infile and write to outfile, even if their names start with - (like options do). But the method I'll use passes paths that start with ., so I won't have to worry about this.
One Filename — lepton infile reads infile and names its own output file.
This is how the script you showed uses lepton.
If the content of infile looks like a JPEG, lepton outputs a Lepton file; if its content looks like a Lepton file, lepton outputs a JPEG. lepton decides how it wants to name its output file by stripping an extension from infile, if any, and adding either a .jpg or .lep extension depending on what kind of file it is creating. But it does not use the extension it is removing (if any) to infer the type of file it is operating on.
It considers the last . and anything after it as an extension. If infile is a.b.c, you get a.b.lep or a.b.jpg. If the filename starts with a . with no other .s, lepton still regards that as an extension: from a JPEG called .abc you get .lep. Only . in the filename--not directory names--triggers this, so from a Lepton file x/fo.o/abc you get x/fo.o/abc.jpg (which you want), not x/fo.jpg (which would be bad).
If the output filename obtained this way names an existing file, _s are added to the end, after the extension, until it doesn't, and the name with added underscores is used: abc.lep, abc.lep_, abc.lep__, etc.,xyz.jpg, xyz.jpg_, xyz.jpg__, etc.
This works best when your files are named in a sensible way.
Automatically removing and adding extensions and adding underscores avoids a problem you'd otherwise have to manage yourself--preventing data loss when the output file already exists. But it also exposes what might be a deep design flaw in the script you showed. If your files are named sensibly, then all your JPEG files end in .jpg or .jpeg (maybe capitalized), and no non-JPEG files are so named. But then you don't have to examine the files with file to find out which ones are JPEGs!
Thus the premise of the script you showed is that files might not be named reasonably. It's always bad for a script to behave wrong or unexpectedly on filenames containing spaces, *, and other special characters. So its behavior of splitting on whitespace and expanding globs (the outer unquoted command substitution, intended just to split separate filenames, does this) is especially bad. See Byte Commander's excellent answer for details. This is probably the worst flaw in the script you showed.
But it's also worth considering what happens to filenames whose last . doesn't conceptually begin a file extension. Suppose Pictures has four files, all JPEGs: 01. Milan wide-angle sunset, 01. Milan wide-angle sunset highres, 02. Kyle birthday party prep - blooper cakes, and 03. The subtle found art of unopened expired paint cans with peeling labels. Then for f in ~/Pictures/0*; do lepton "$f"; done creates 01.lep, 01.lep_, 02.lep, and 03.lep--probably not what you want.
If you have JPEGs not named .jpg or maybe .jpeg, the best general approach is to rename them that way and investigate any naming conflicts that arise while doing so. But that's beyond the scope of this answer.
Those renaming problems happen with JPEGs not named like JPEGs, not non-JPEGs named like JPEGs. Yet even then, there may be a better solution. If the problem is ._ files from macOS and you don't want to delete them, just exclude files with a leading ._ (or even a leading .). Still, passing just one path to lepton avoids data loss (due to its _ appending rules); if the main goal is to exclude non-JPEGs, the basic idea is sound even though the implementation needs fixing.
So I'll use the one-path lepton infile syntax. But anyone who considers automating lepton like this on strangely named files should remember the generated .lep files may be named in ways that don't reveal the input filenames.
Two Filenames — lepton infile outfile does exactly what you expect.
But just because you expect it doesn't make it the right thing to do.
As with the other ways to run lepton, lepton determines whether infile is a JPEG to be compressed or a Lepton file to be decompressed by examining its content. If infile is a JPEG, lepton writes a Lepton file named outfile; if infile is a Lepton file, lepton writes a JPEG named outfile. With this two-path syntax, lepton doesn't change your specified output filename in any way. It doesn't add or remove extensions or append _s to resolve naming conflicts. If outfile already exists, it is overwritten.
You may want that, but if not and you use this syntax then you have to solve the problem yourself by making your script adjust the output filenames. You may be able to do this in a way that serves you better than lepton's own scheme when run with just one path argument. But I won't try to guess your specific needs and preferences; I'll just use the one-path syntax.
3. Passing Multiple Paths From find to file
The script you showed tries to use file $(find ./ ) to pass one path per argument to file by running find in command substitution. This often won't work, because $(find ./ ) splits on whitespace, which filenames can contain. It is common for files--especially images!--and folders to have spaces in their names. The script you showed treats a path ./abc/foo bar.jpg as two paths, ./abc/foo and bar.jpg. In the best case, neither exists; if they do, you unintentionally operate on the wrong thing. And the original path won't be processed at all.
Although the breadth of this problem can be lessened by setting IFS=$'\n' so word splitting is only performed between lines (\n represents a newline character), this isn't a good solution. Besides being awkward, it can still fail, as file and directory names may contain newlines. I advise against naming files or directories with them except to test programs or scripts for bugs. But such names can be created, including by accident where you don't expect them. The only characters a filename cannot contain are the path separator / and the null character. The null character is thus the only one that can't appear in a path and the only safe choice to delimit lists of arbitrary paths. That's why find has a -print0 action and xargs has a -0 option.
This can be done correctly with find . -print0 | xargs -0 ... but you don't need a third utility to pass paths from find to file. find's -exec action is sufficient. Arguments after -exec build the command to run, until \; or +. find ... -exec ... ; runs a command once per file, while find ... -exec ... + passes the command as many paths as it can per run, which is usually faster. Typically all the arguments fit and the command runs just once. In rare cases the command line would be too long and find runs the command more than once. So the + form is only safe for running commands that (a) take their path arguments at the end and (b) work the same in one run with multiple filenames as they do in separate runs.
lepton is an example of a command that must not be run using the + form of -exec because it does not accept multiple source filenames. The first would be the input, the second would be the output, and others would be excessive. But many commands do do the same thing when run once with several arguments as when run several times with one argument, and file is one of them.
This command will generate the table:
find . -exec file --mime-type -r0F '' {} +

find replaces the {} argument with a path when it invokes file, and replaces + with as many additional path arguments as will fit.
The options --mime-type -r0F '' passed to find are explained below.
Some people quote {}, e.g., '{}'. It's fine to do so, but neither Bash nor other Bourne-style shells require it. Bash and some other shells support brace expansion, but an empty pair of braces is not expanded. I choose not to quote {}, in light of the misconception that quoting {} prevents find from performing word splitting. Even if your shell required {} to be quoted, this would still have nothing to do with word splitting, because find never does that. (If you wanted word splitting, you'd have to tell find to -exec a shell.) And find can't tell if you've written {} or '{}'--the shell turns '{}' into {} (during quote removal) before passing it to find.
4. Emitting a Usable ⟨Path, File Type⟩ Table with file
The Problem
The reason I must pass some options to file--and can't just use find . -exec file {} +--is that the table file generates by default is ambiguous:
01. Milan wide-angle sunset:                  JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.01, resolution (DPI), density 1x1, segment length 16, baseline, precision 8, 1400x1400, frames 3
02. Kyle birthday party prep - blooper cakes: JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.01, aspect ratio, density 1x1, segment length 16, baseline, precision 8, 512x512, frames 3
first line
second line:                       JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.01, aspect ratio, density 1x1, segment length 16, baseline, precision 8, 500x500, frames 3

Those three rows look like four; one filename contains a newline. Filenames can also contain colons, so it won't always be clear where the filename ends. Way more confusing examples than shown above are possible.
The description column also has way more information than we need. Byte Commander explains one reason greping for JPEG in each whole row returns wrong results: a non-JPEG file with JPEG in its name gives a false positive. (The point of checking the type is that you can't rely on the name, so this is quite a self-defeating bug in the script you showed.) But even when you know you're looking in the description column, it may still contain JPEG even if that's not the type:
$ touch empty.JPEG  # not a JPEG
$ gzip -k empty.JPEG
$ file empty.JPEG*
empty.JPEG:    empty
empty.JPEG.gz: gzip compressed data, was "empty.JPEG", last modified: Mon Aug 28 16:37:56 2017, from Unix

Byte Commander's answer solved this by (a) passing the -b option to file, causing it to omit the paths, : separator, and spaces in front of the type, then (b) using grep to check if the description begins with JPEG (the ^ anchor in the pattern ^JPEG image data, does this). This works if you keep track of the paths passed to file--not a problem for Byte Commander's method, which ran file separately for each path anyway.
The Solution
I must use a different solution, because my goal is to parse both paths and types from file's output so that file needn't be run separately for each file. Fortunately file in Ubuntu has many options. I use file --mime-type -r0F '' paths:

--mime-type prints a MIME type rather than a detailed description. This is all I need, and then I can just perform an exact match against the whole thing. For a JPEG, file --mime-type shows image/jpeg in the description column. (See also αғsнιη's answer.)
According to man file, -r causes unprintable characters not to be replaced with octal escapes like \003. I believe I would otherwise need to add a step to convert such sequences back to the actual characters, which probably can't be done reliably--what if such a sequence appears literally in a filename? (file doesn't escape \ as \\.) I say "I believe" as I haven't managed to get file to print out such an escape sequence, and I'm not sure it really does so in the filename column. Either way, -r is safe here.
-0 is the key option here. Without it, this method couldn't work reliably. It makes file print a null character--the one character that is never allowed in paths because it is usually used to mark the ends of strings in C programs--immediately after the filename. This marks the break, in each row, between the two columns of the table.
-F '' makes file print nothing ('' is an empty argument) instead of :. The colon is unreliable (it can appear in filenames) and of no benefit here since a null character is already being printed to indicate the end of the path column and the start of the description column.

To make find run file --mime-type -r0F '' paths I use -exec file --mime-type -r0F '' {} +. find's -exec action replaces {} + with the paths.
5. Consuming the Table
I created the table this way:
find . -exec file --mime-type -r0F '' {} +

As detailed above, this places a null character after each path. It would be handy if the description were also null-terminated, but file won't do that--the description always ends with a newline. So I must alternately read until a null character, then assume there is more text and read it until a newline. I must do this for each file and stop when nothing is left.
Reading Each Row
That combination--read text that may contain a newline until a null character, then read text that can't contain a newline until a newline--isn't how any of the common Unix utilities are normally used. The approach I will take is to pipe the output of find to a loop. Each iteration of the loop reads a single row of the table by using the read shell builtin twice, with different options.
To read the path, I use:
read -rd ''

-r is read's only standard option and you should almost always use it. Without it, backslash escapes like \n from the input are translated into the characters they represent. We don't want that.
Normally, read reads until it sees a newline. To ignore newlines and stop at a null character instead, I use the -d option, which Bash provides, to specify a different character. For a null character, pass the empty argument ''.
I'm already using a Bash extension (the -d option), so I may as well avail myself of Bash's default behavior when no variable name is passed to read. It puts everything it read--except the terminating character--in the special variable $REPLY. Normally read strips whitespace ($IFS characters) from the beginning and end of the input, and it's a common idiom to write IFS= read ... to prevent that. When reading implicitly to $REPLY in Bash, this is not necessary.

To read the description, I use:
read -r mimetype

No backslashes should appear in the MIME type, but it's good practice to pass -r to read unless you want \ escapes translated.
This time, I am specifying a variable name explicitly. Call it what you like. I've chosen mimetype.
This time, the absence of IFS= to prevent leading and trailing whitespace from being stripped is significant. I want it removed. This drops the spaces from the beginning of the description that find writes to make the table more human-readable when it is shown in a terminal.

Composing the Loop
The loop should continue as long as there is another path to be read. The read command returns true (in shell programming this is zero, unlike almost all other programming languages) when it successfully reads something, and false (in shell programming, any nonzero value) when it doesn't. So the common while read idiom is useful here. I pipe (|) the output of find--which is the output of one or (rarely) more file commands--to the while loop.
find . -exec file --mime-type -r0F '' {} + | while read -rd ''; do
    read -r mimetype
    # Commands using "$REPLY" and "$mimetype" go here.
done

Inside the loop, I read the rest of the row to obtain the description (read -r mimetype). I don't bother checking if this succeeded. file should only ever output complete rows even if it encounters errors. (file sends error and warning messages to standard error, so they won't appear in the pipeline to corrupt the table.) You should be able to rely on this.
If you want to check if read -r mimetype succeeded anyway, you can use if. Or you can include it in the while loop condition:
find . -exec file --mime-type -r0F '' {} + |
while read -rd '' && read -r mimetype; do
    # Commands using "$REPLY" and "$mimetype" go here.
done

You can see I also split the top line for readability. (No \ is required to split at |.)
Testing the Loop
If you want to test the loop before proceeding, you can put this command under (or instead of) the # Commands... comment:
    printf '[%s] [%s]\n\n' "$REPLY" "$mimetype"

The loop output looks something like this, depending on what you have in the directory (and I have left out most entries, for brevity):
[.] [inode/directory]

[./stuv] [inode/x-empty]

[./ghi
jkl] [inode/x-empty]

[./fo.o/abc
def   ] [image/jpeg]

[./fo.o/wyz.lep] [application/octet-stream]

[./fo.o/wyz] [image/jpeg]

This is just to see if the loop works right. Placing the table's entries in [ ] like this wouldn't help the script do what it needs to do, as paths may contain [, ], and consecutive newlines.
6. Using the Extracted Path and File Type
In each iteration of the loop, "$REPLY" contains the path and "$mimetype" contains the type description. To find out if "$REPLY" names a JPEG file, check if "$mimetype" is exactly image/jpeg.
You can compare strings using if and [/test (or [[) with =. But I prefer case:
find -exec file --mime-type -r0F '' {} + | while read -rd ''; do
    read -r mimetype
    case "$mimetype" in image/jpeg)
        # Put commands here that use "$REPLY".
        ;;
    esac
done

If you just wanted to show the JPEGs' paths in the same format as above--to help test with paths containing newlines--the entire case...esac statement could be:
    case "$mimetype" in image/jpeg) printf '[%s]\n\n' "$REPLY";; esac

But the goal is to run lepton on each JPEG file. To do that, use:
    case "$mimetype" in image/jpeg) lepton "$REPLY";; esac

7. Putting It All Together
Adding that lepton command, and a hashbang line to run it with Bash, here's the complete script:
#!/bin/bash

find . -exec file --mime-type -r0F '' {} + | while read -rd ''; do
    read -r mimetype
    case "$mimetype" in image/jpeg) lepton "$REPLY";; esac
done

lepton reports what it is doing but it doesn't show filenames. This alternative script prints a message with each path before running lepton on it:
#!/bin/bash

find . -exec file --mime-type -r0F '' {} + | while read -rd ''; do
    read -r mimetype
    case "$mimetype" in image/jpeg)
        printf '\nProcessing "%s":\n' "$REPLY" >&2
        lepton "$REPLY"
    esac
done

I've printed the messages to standard error (>&2), since that's where lepton sends its own messages. That way, the output all stays together when piped or redirected. Running that script produces output like this (but more of it if you have more than two JPEGs):
Processing "./art.jpg":
lepton v1.0-1.2.1-104-g209463a
6777856 bytes needed to decompress this file
56363 86007
65.53%
2635854 bytes needed to decompress this file
56363 86007
65.53%

Processing "./fo.o/abc
def   ":
lepton v1.0-1.2.1-104-g209463a
6643508 bytes needed to decompress this file
36332 46875
77.51%
2456117 bytes needed to decompress this file
36332 46875
77.51%

The repetition in each stanza--which also appears when you run lepton without printing filenames--is because lepton checks that its output files can decompress correctly.
The script you showed had exit 0 at the end. You can do that if you like. It causes the script to always report success. Otherwise the script returns the exit status of the last command run--which is probably preferable. Either way, it may report success even if find, file, or lepton encountered problems, if the last lepton command succeeded. You can, of course, expand the script with more sophisticated error handling code.
8. Maybe You Want The Paths, Too
If you want to generate a list of paths separate from lepton's own output, you can take advantage of lepton's behavior of writing to standard error by printing the paths to standard output instead. In that case, you probably want to print just the paths and not a "Processing" message. You may optionally want to terminate the paths with null characters instead of newlines, as then you can process the list without breaking on paths that contain newlines.
#!/bin/bash

case "$1" in
    -0) format='%s\0';;
    *)  format='%s\n';;
esac

find . -exec file --mime-type -r0F '' {} + | while read -rd ''; do
    read -r mimetype
    case "$mimetype" in image/jpeg)
        printf "$format" "$REPLY"
        lepton "$REPLY"
    esac
done

When you run that script, you can pass the -0 flag to make it emit null characters instead of newlines. That script does not do proper Unix-style option processing: it only checks the first argument you pass; passing the flag repeatedly in the same argument (-00) doesn't work; and no option-related error messages are ever generated. This limitation is for brevity, and because you probably don't need anything more sophisticated, as the script doesn't support any non-option arguments and -0 is the only possible option.
On my system I called that script jpeg-lep3 and put it in ~/source, then ran ~/source/jpeg-lep3 -0 > out, which printed just lepton's output to my terminal. If you do something like that, you can test that null characters were properly written between paths using:
xargs -0 printf '[%s]\n\n' < out


Do SSD/HD hybrids increase performance in Ubuntu?

Yes, they do increase performance. Particularly for commonly accessed data. The drives typically cache the most accessed data in the SSD portion of the drive, However, the performance increase might be small enough that you may not visually notice it. The drives don't rely on a particular file system. The firmware calculates based on raw block access.

The drives however, will not necessarily be as fast as a high performance 3.5" drive. I have a couple of Seagate SSD+HD drives, one in my workstation, and one in my PS3. I didn't choose it for performance, but power usage and size. I am sure the one in the PS3 is definitely faster than the original drive that came in it though. The download and install times for games seem to be much faster than previous, and compared to a friend's PS3 with the original drive.


Replacing an APT-version of a package with source code version?

So, to answer your 3 questions,

No, you don't need to remove the apt-installed clang.  Just keep it where it is in /usr/bin/clang.
If you download and install clang as a user, you probably have the option to put it in your home directory.  If it's installed in a system-level directory, it would probably go under /usr/local/.  For example, /usr/local/bin/.  So, the two versions can co-exist.

The $PATH variable is the easiest part.  First, type env | grep PATH and see if your PATH variable has already been set for you.  What you want to see is the order in which the paths appear.  Earlier in the list is higher priority.  It's possible that /usr/local/bin/ has already been set for you.  If not, then you can set it in your ~/.bashrc file.  Do something like:
export PATH=/usr/local/bin/:"$PATH"
somewhere in the file.  Of course, if you reversed the above:
export PATH="$PATH":/usr/local/bin/
then you've placed /usr/local/bin/ lowest in priority.  You don't want that.  Other parts of the file might put things before /usr/local/bin/.  That's ok as long as it remains before /usr/bin/.
Then type source ~/.bashrc and try env | grep PATH to see if you've done it correctly.  Note that this will affect not just clang but all your programs so if you had other programs in /usr/local/bin/ previously, then they will now have a higher priority over /usr/bin/.

Your last point is the hardest part as there is no easy way.  What you get from GitHub is usually the source code.  If there are pre-built binaries, then great.
But most likely, it's the source code and you will have to (a) compile and (b) install every time you want to update.  I haven't installed clang manually before, but for some programs with a Makefile, one would do a make; make install.  The first command compiles and the second installs it.  Prior to this, one might set the directory to install to using ./config, cmake, etc.

My personal opinion is if you don't need the latest feature, then you rarely need to keep a compiler that up to date.  So I don't think you need to re-compile clang that often...  If you're developing a program for distribution, then rarely will the users also have such a new compiler.
Does this help?


How to install arm64 iso in QEMU on Ubuntu x86_64?

Looks like just the qemu-efi package was needed to be installed. The virt-manager GUI then can launch an install from the *.iso installer image.


Convert string to UTF-8 with terminal only

iconv should do what you are looking for

eg.:

echo 'latin string' | iconv -t utf-8 > yourfileInUTF8

Edit:
As suggested by damadam I removed the -f option since the string typed in terminal uses the default encoding

  -f, --from-code=NAME       encoding of original text


You should try Handbrake-gtk :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stebbins/handbrake-releases

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install handbrake-gtk

This program can help you converting Mp4v and Mp4a to Mp4 .

Image reference Here


I solved by changing from 16.04.1 LTS amd64 to 16.10 amd64.

EDIT: By changing I mean downloading the 16.10 amd 64 OS image and installing it in the HD after formatting it.


(firefox:6252): Pango-WARNING **: shaping failure, expect ugly output. shape-engine='BasicEngineFc

I solved it myself! thanks to this forum thread http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=830110I , I recall having installed a large collection of ttf fonts that I downloaded off deviantart deleting some of those fonts from /usr/share/fonts/trutype solved the problem.


Emacs 24 in Ubuntu 14.04: Can I remove whitespace of the toolbar?

The default Ubuntu themes (Ambiance and Radiance) do not contain the handlebox graphics, so the "handlebox" in Emacs appear as a whitespace. The Ubuntu theme team did not design the handlebox graphics because the handlebox widgit is deprecated in GTK3 (the toolkit Emacs 24 uses). This is reported in the Emacs upstream mailing-list and a developer has comfirmed this problem. I don't know if/when this problem will be addressed in future versions of Emacs however.

Workaround:
The Clearlooks-Phenix theme available in the repository has proper graphics for the "handlebox" of the toolbar. You can install it by the following command:

sudo apt-get install clearlooks-phenix-theme

oxygen-gtk theme also has proper graphics for handlebox, but it has graphical glitches when you hover your mouse cursor on the toolbar buttons.

I would appreciate you if you know how to add handlebox graphics to Ambiance and Radiance themes, or how to remove the Emacs's handlebox. But for now I can live with Clearlooks-Phenix theme.


Normally, all your personal files are included in your home folder. Therefore, it should be sufficient if you take only this folder in your new installation. Whether you've got places other files in your system that only you can answer.

System configurations you should not take into the new system. Unless you have adjusted it themselves and know what you've done.

The same for your local configurations in your home folder (dot files and folders). Create a backup and take back the things only when you really need them, step by step.


One-Panel-Button Web Radio (on/off) fpr xfce. How-to?

I should have waited a bit longer, because just after posting, I accidently found this german page about a tool that exactly matches my needs.

The Tool is called radiotray. It opens as icon in next to network and volume icons. When it is started it remembers the last played station. Left click gives you a context menu with the Start/Stop button (). Perfect. You can set up stations in a tree by dialog. I just deleted all and added my only station path as http://stationaddress.com/PathTo3MuFile.m3u. Now its very compact and super easy to use.

There is a cool build-in plugin you can select in a dialog: sleep timer. It defaults to 15min. In the config file I set it to 2hrs, in case I forget to switch it off.

Installation

sudo apt-get install radiotray python-xdg

The config files are in:

~/.local/share/radiotray

For those who can understand a bit of German there are some more information and images: https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Radio_Tray/

Hope some may find it useful.

CatMan


There are a few PPAs that seems to be tracking the latest redis, this one https://launchpad.net/~chris-lea/+archive/redis-server seems to have builds for most distributions.

You can install from it by running:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chris-lea/redis-server
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install redis-server

Edit: https://launchpad.net/~rwky/+archive/redis, now has redis 2.6 and 2.8


Why does Ubuntu need to update its kernel so often?

Here is a list why packages (so including the kernel) got updated: https://www.ubuntuupdates.org/

Version: 3.5.0-22.34  2013-01-08 23:19:18 UTC
Version: 3.5.0-22.33  2013-01-02 23:08:48 UTC
Version: 3.5.0-21.32  2012-12-11 21:08:43 UTC
Version: 3.5.0-20.31  2012-12-05 15:08:46 UTC
Version: 3.5.0-19.30  2012-11-13 19:08:30 UTC

All include a long list of fixes so the best answer to me seems: those kernel bug fixers have been doing a lot of work so there have been more moments to offer a kernel upgrade.

It might have something to do with the kenelversion 3.5.0. This was a big update so it will include a bit more bugs where some might be easy to fix.


The system is running in low-graphics mode error in “Virtualbox”

As you haven't mentioned the version of VirtualBox nor the version of the system you were installing, I'll describe the solution I've found for VB v4.1.12 and Ubuntu 12.04 LTS guest machine.

This OS version was installed with X Server from quantal (12.10) and displayed error message about low-graphics mode. When you remove this error window using Esc and log in using console, try to uninstall current X Server from quantal from the guest machine:

sudo apt-get purge xserver-xorg-core-lts-quantal
sudo apt-get autoremove

As soon as this will be done, default core X Server will be installed automatically. If this will not happen, try to install it manually (including all its dependencies):

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-core

After reboot guest OS should work properly.


How to disable "Extraction completed successfully" dialog in Nautilus?

Make a wrapper and remove the --notify param:

sudo mv /usr/bin/file-roller /usr/bin/file-roller_orig
sudo vi /usr/bin/file-roller

Enter the following:

#!/bin/bash
p1=$1
p2=$2
p3=$3
p4=$4
p5=$5
p6=$6
if [[ $p2 == *"notify"* ]]; then
        p2=""
fi
/usr/bin/file-roller_orig $p1 $p2 $p3 $p4 $p5 $p6

Then give the file execute permission:

sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/file-roller


What Is Gnome, Gnome Classic and Gnome Classic(No Effects)?

Here's the explanation:

Gnome is Gnome version 3
Gnome Classic is Gnome version 2
Gnome Classic (No Effects) is version 2 but suited for less graphical VGAs

A usefull answer is here


I need regex(7)'s manual, but man command shows regex(3)'s manual

To access the (7) man section you can use the following command:

MANSECT=7 man regex

The section search order is predefined, that explains why you get regex(3) by default:

   MANSECT
          If $MANSECT is set, its value is a colon-delimited list of  sec‐
          tions  and  it  is  used  to  determine which manual sections to
          search and in what order.  The default is "1 n l 8  3  2  3posix
          3pm 3perl 5 4 9 6 7", unless overridden by the SECTION directive
          in /etc/manpath.config.

Or you can just type:

man 7 regex

See man man.


Multi-monitor, multi-video card in Ubuntu Studio

Try using the xrandr command line tool. It is harder to use than any GUI configuration system, but it lets you set up whatever multi monitor workspace your drivers can handle.

Run it without parameters to see what displays the system has available.

Then, for example, if you have monitors A, B and C from left to right, you can run: xrandr --output A --auto --output B --auto --right-of A --output C --auto --right-of B. Don't forget --auto after each output to have each display turned on and set to its optimum resolution. --above and --below also work as you might expect.


Given the low specifications of your machine, I'd recommend you a lightweight Linux distribution. If you would like to get something ready to run out of the box, take a look at Lubuntu or Debian. Alternatively, you could use a distribution such as Arch Linux and install only the components that you require, thus building a system tailored to your needs. You could read through this Wikipedia article to get a full list of Linux distributions and find the one suitable for you depending on your requirements and experience.


Here are the instructions to install  lxde qt
It should be an option at login between the two

http://xpressubuntu.wordpress.com/2014/03/01/installing-the-lightweight-lxde-qt-desktop/


Can I upgrade ubuntu from 10.04 to 16.04 without changing my Apache, Mysql and Php version?

The main question that probably needs answering is, why do you require to stay on these old versions of the software?  They no longer receive security updates, nor bugfixes, from anybody; and software you are running on top of it probably has updates too.

You would be best served to investigate a proper path to migrate your web application data to newer versions of software and libraries.

To answer your stated question:

In short: upgrading your distro upgrades the software to that distro's upported versions.

A distro release is comprised not just of the installer of the distro, but also the software in the repositories, for that release.

Updating a release, amongst other things, switches your software repositories to the ones dedicated for that new release.

These repositories supply the versions of applications and libraries available - of which MySQL, PHP, Apache, etc.

Older versions are not supported, as in, they do not receive bugfixes and security updates. A release-based distro's repositories carry a specific version for this purpose: for the long term maintenance, a specific version of each software (or in some cases software major series, like python vs python3 or php5 vs php7) is targeted.

In the case of MySQL and Apache, there is typically only one version of each, the "latest", as per the distro's release guidelines. If you want a newer version, you can add a PPA.

If you want an older version, you need either to run an older distro, or compile the older version from source. Neither is advised.

So by updgrading your distro, you would be upgrading all software on it. This, assuming it is even possible to upgrade straight from 10.04 to 16.04 - you've skipped an LTS, and your version has long been EOL.


Problems with missing dependencies when installing MELT

The melt package is stored in universe pocket.
To install it open terminal and type:
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install melt


How to change the default program for pdf (only for current user)

To set the file associations :

Right Click on the file
Choose Properties
Go to the Open With tab.
Choose your file viewer. For eg. acroread.
That's it. Click on close.

Also see this answer for an alternative method.


QuickBooks Pro Desktop is only occasionally compatible with Wine, and Intuit (whom you paid a lot of money to) has repeatedly refused to support any platform other than genuine Windows.

There is NO alternative way to access data in a QB Company File - the file is encrypted, and only QB has the key. So your QB must be installed on a stable, reliable base system.

Enterprise-critical bookkeeping tasks and database access should not be considered robust or reliable when using Wine - an update to either Ubuntu, Wine, or QuickBooks may break the (unsupported) application and deny you access to your data. That's a hassle you do not need.

Consider instead using QB in a Win 10 Virtual Machine on an Ubuntu Host. It's a well-trod path with community support for every step. It requires slightly heftier hardware...but not much. I've used it for years without any problems. You can update Ubuntu without affecting Windows, and you can update Windows without affecting Ubuntu. You can have QB open in a Win10 Window on your Ubuntu desktop. QB cannot communicate with your Ubuntu applications (unless you write a bridge, not for beginners), but can communicate with other Win10 applications. You can share files between Ubuntu and Win10.

Advice regardless of the solution you choose: Take good notes of all the accounts you create (and their passwords), and of all the software you install, and where you got that software from. And your Windows and QB product keys on paper, of course. The first time you do it, you might make a few mistakes and need to redo. That's not a problem if you keep good notes - a $1 paper notebook is a very wise investment. Use good password practices for your Ubuntu, Windows, and Quickbooks passwords from the start.

QB Backups: From Day 1, you must back up your QB Company File regularly. I backup 2-3 times each month. An inexpensive 2GB USB drive plugged into the machine is excellent insurance in case of a hard drive failure. Everything else you can re-download and re-install from scratch with your notes, but the company data and transactions that you spent months of your life manually inputting cannot be replaced.

Ubuntu, Windows, and QB each have their own learning curves. You won't learn all of it in the first month.


When installing Ubuntu, it will ask you if it needs to partition the drive for you. This would be the easiest way to proceed.

If you want to partition your drive manually, you will need at least two partitions:

One (or more) Ext4 partition: This will be the location for the Ubuntu system itself. Make sure you set the mount point to / (root). Official documentation.
One Swap partition: Used as virtual memory. Also used for storing your memory when going into hibernate mode. You should let the size of it depend on the size of your hard-disc and RAM. Official documentation

To manage your partitions, you could use a tool like GParted, or the installation disc.


Ubuntu 18.04 Terminal shortcut Ctrl+Alt+T is not working

One solution is to add the shortcut manually.

However, the first thing we'll do before adding the shortcut manually is to see if it's there, and if a reset would fix it.

First, go into the Settings.

Second, go to devices, then go to keyboard. Then see if the shortcut is on there. Hit "reset all" and see if it brings it back. Maybe reopen the settings just in case to see if the shortcut comes back. If that fails then do the manual solution:

Return to the keyboard settings.
Go all the way to the bottom of the list where a "+" button exists. Click on it.
After that, give it a name (like "open terminal") and a command, which will be "gnome-terminal"
Then after that, click on the "set shortcut" button, and enter in your hotkey shortcut. Exit out and you're done.

Hopefully that helps.


Unable to find and connect wifi in ubuntu 14.04 LTS after last update

Change the content of /etc/network/interfaces as follows, and then connected through the wired LAN. Then update/clean everything, also clean the err packages as mentioned here

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp


Ubuntu Will Not Read External Hard Drive

Try with this:

sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g