You can use a program called screen on the remote machine.

Simply do the following:

connect to the remote machine.
Type screen process_name and replace process_name with the desired process.
You can later open this process with the command: screen -r.

Hope that helps :)


How to setup ssl (https) for your site on Ubuntu Linux - Two way SSL

It tunrs out that the official documentation of Apache (see at this link) is really well done on this subject.

In short, you should end-up with something like this :

LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so

Listen 443
<VirtualHost *:443>
   DocumentRoot /var/www/yoursite/
   <Directory /var/www/yoursite/>
     AllowOverride All
     order allow,deny
     allow from all
   </Directory>

   ServerName www.example.com
   SSLEngine on
   SSLCertificateFile /path/to/www.example.com.cert
   SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/www.example.com.key

   SSLVerifyClient require
   SSLVerifyDepth 1
   SSLCACertificateFile /path/to/www.example.com.ca.crt
</VirtualHost>

Some details on the above

LoadModule ... : to load the appropriate Apache module, containing the SSL implementation
Listen 443 : Apache daemon will listen on the standard HTTPS port, 443
DocumentRoot : where the files of your site reside
 ...  : this is the definition of the options for your web site's directory (there are a lot more, the mentioned ones here are the basic one to allow access from any IP on the Internet).
ServerName : to serve only URL containing this name
SSLEngine on : activate the SSL features on this website.
SSLCertificateFile : path the X.509 certificate of the private key created for this server.
SSLCertificateKeyFile : path to the private key created for this server.
SSLVerifyClient require : enforce the server to ask the client for a valid certificate
SSLVerifyDepth 1 : must be directly signed by the CA mentioned in the next instruction
SSLCACertificateFile : path the X.509 certificate of the CA that signs the certificates used by the clients.

The certificates

You will have to get valid certificates, one for your server and many other for the clients.

For the server
Install OpenSSL tool, if not yet done : sudo apt-get install openssl.

With this tool, you can create the private key of the server :

openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.pass.key 2048

The above command creates a private key with a password. To be loaded automatically by your server, you have to remove the password :

openssl rsa -in server.pass.key -out server.key

You have now a valid server private key in a file, this is the file pointed by the SSLCertificateKeyFile Apache directive.

From this private key, you will create a Certificate Signed Request (CSR) :

openssl req -nodes -new -key server.key -out server.csr

You are going to be prompted to enter a set of elements (country, organization, ...). The most important one will be the Common Name (CN), it must match the hostname of your webserver, the one used in the URL. So in my example it is www.example.com.

Then, you have to submit this CSR file to your certificate provider. Any public CA is good. After they've approved your requested, they will send you the famous X.509 certificate file for your server. This file will be pointed by the SSLCertificateFile Apache's directive.

For the client
You will have to provide valid certificate to the client too.
Based on the client type (Linux, Windows, MAC, ...) the process may differ.

Sometimes, for the client certificates, all the operation can be done directly from the web browser by visiting the page of the CA registration. If done directly from the web browser, than you are sure that the certificate is automatically registered into the certificate DB of the web browser.

If done by an external means (like openssl on Linux), you will have to import the private key and certificate file into the certificate store of your web browser.


The options initially available for additional drivers were as follows:

Nvidia accelerated graphics driver(version current) [Recommended]
Nvidia accelerated graphics driver(post-release updates)(version current-updates)

Initially I had installed 1. using which caused high temperature.Now, I have installed 2. I am not entirely sure if it was only because of the driver but doing this did solve it.

I hope someone explains as to what is the difference between the two clearly. This fixes the problem.


Why shouldn't you enable laptop-mode when on AC power?

I assume you are asking about the special laptop-mode in the kernel, that spins down the hard drive when not used, and writes down data in "bursts".

I can see three reasons:

1) There apparently are issues with Ubuntu and laptop-mode. Computer hangs, and thus it is disabled by default.

2) From the laptop-mode's FAQ we can read that desktop hard drives aren't that reliable for spin downs-ups as laptop hard drives.

3) This is a power saving feature, and nothing else. In chance of a computer crash, you will lose all data not written down to the hard disk. And since the hard disk is suspended for periods of time, you will lose more data with this enabled than if disabled.


Kubuntu switch to headphone when connected

I do not know about configuring .asoundrc but what I can tell you is that you should probably run:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio

In order to properly install Pulseaudio.


I don't fully understand your question, but I'll try to explain the use of nohup:

From the manual page man nohup:

  nohup - run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty

So nohup disconnects the standard input and output streams from the terminal (/dev/null becomes input, output goes to file nohup.out) and also shields the application from SIGHUP signals (hangup signal). This allows you to terminate the shell process from which you started the nohup-ed command without killing this child process.

A similar way to prevent killing of a process when the parent shell gets terminated is disown:

my_command & disown

This runs my_command in background and disowns it from the parent process, but without performing any I/O redirection. It effectively makes the command an independent process, no longer being a child process of the parent shell.

When you only want to run a process in background, but don't want to disown it from the current shell (so that it will be killed when the parent process exits), you can omit the nohup or disown and only use Bash's & :

my_command &


It's a common problem in computers with dual-boot with windows 8 (and 10 pheraps).
The problem is that when windows shuts down it does not "unmount" the disk correctly, it leaves it in a suspended state because the system does not really shut down, it hibernates.
The solution is to shut down windows properly, not hibernating.
You can achieve this by disabling hibernation, it will result in a slower startup of windows, but will not give any problem in Ubuntu.

To do this (assuming you have windows 8 or 8.1):
open cmd.exe as administrator (you can do that from the "metro home", then right click on "command prompt" and execute as administrator),
then type:

powercfg /h off

If you ever want to turn it back on you can simply type

powercfg /h on

on an administrator command prompt.

This will solve the problem, cheers!


Try with Boot Repair you can get it from here - http://sourceforge.net/projects/boot-repair-cd/files/ install it on CD/DVD/USB boot from it and when it ask you for 32/64-bit session chose 32-bit if your PC is 32-bit if it is 64-bit chose 64-bit, then if it ask you for updates click No, then when it finish with scanning click Recommended repair


This software is already packaged in the Ubuntu 20.04 LTS repository with modern and actual 1.8.17 version.
Simply open terminal and run
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install doxygen

then use it as it was planned.


Finding the file system explorer application in a default desktop install?

Usually you would want to access the items in the Places menu located to the right of Applications in the top left corner of the screen.

The "Computer" option will give you a view of the removable storage devices on your computer (CD drive, USB drives, etc.) as well as the file system. To get a view of the complete file system go to Places > Computer > File System. This should open a window titles "/ - File Browser" with the full contents of your main file system, which is generally the contents of your hard drive.

For your personal documents and other user files, you can open the "Home Folder" bookmark (usually right at the top of the Places menu) or one of the other bookmarks in that first section.

All of the icons in the first two sections of the Places menu will open the file system explorer in Ubuntu which is called Nautilus although the window will likely be titled "File Browser".


gcc build and compile error ubuntu 20.04

This one solved my problem.
The point is that do not pay attention to the exact version number, for example there is no gcc-8 in the directory, just use the exact number.
In my case cuda-10.2, I used gcc-8.


Upgrades between LTS releases are not enabled by default until the first point release, scheduled for July. It is recommended that most LTS users wait until then before upgrading to 20.04

If you choose to upgrade before then, you can pass the -d option to the upgrade tool, running |do-release-upgrade -d or update-manager -d.


Is it possible to show the alias command before being executed?

Here's one way you can do it.  I am certain there are more ways than one to do it.
alias agi='echo "sudo apt-get install"; sudo apt-get install'


Can't coordinate the correct time between system and rtcwake

I have personally tested myself.

To test that I simply did "sudo rtcwake -m disk -s 60" , which simply hibernated it and waked it up after 1mins.

Thing here to note is that rctwake uses UTC and not your local time if not specified.

So now instead you need to sync your clock with your current time,then based on the difference change your  "etc/adjtime" using sudo mode and change according to the difference.

In my case I use IST which is +5:30 i.e 5 hours 30 min ahead so I wrote "5:30"  in the adjtime file.

Now If I use "sudo rtcwake --local -m disk -s 60"  command it shows my IST time instead of the previous UTC time.

So from now you need to add "--local" or "-l" option too  as mentioned in the manpage.

Example :  "sudo rtcwake --local -m no -l -t $(date +%s -d ‘tomorrow 09:30’)"

would wake your system the next day at 9:30 am as per your local time from /dev/rtc0. After this you can set up a cron to set this up automatically.

Sources: rtcwake man page   , from how to geek, some more configs


You may have a problem going on with whatever DNS servers you are using. These can either be changed in the router (globally for all machines), or in Ubuntu.

To do to in ubuntu go to network manager and edit connections. Select the connection that you use and select edit. Got to the IPV4 settings section and under DNS try to use googles (as a test)

 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4

Then disable and re-enable your network and try again.


How to exit from gnu grub menu and start linux normally

If you're in the kernel selection menu, i.e. something that looks like this:

then use the up arrow key until the topmost (= most recent) kernel is highlighted and press ENTER to boot into that kernel.
If, on the other hand, you accidentally pressed 'e' while in that menu and opened up the kernel command line:

then press Ctrl-X to proceed.


Chromium dropped support for running on processors that don't have SSE2 a few versions ago. I believe this primarily impacts those who have i386 Athlon processors, as those don't have SSE2. You can check to see if you have SSE2 by running cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags. If SSE2 is not in the output, then you don't have SSE2

If you still want to use Google Chrome or Chromium, you'll have to install an older version of Chromium.

References:

Bug report that required SSE2


How do I get back the default Ubuntu fonts after installing wine?

Installing wine will also push the "ttf-mscorefonts-installer" package which brings some aditional fonts.

You can remove it without removing wine, but it can negatively affect the look of some applications running from wine.

To remove it, open a terminal and type:

sudo apt-get purge ttf-mscorefonts-installer


I removed eclipse from my system, but the dash board still shows the icon

Try  this

sudo apt-get autoremove eclipse

rm -r ~/.eclipse/


Only UEFI-Usb showing, how to force legacy for live usb?

You don't have to force when you're booting to a live media.  Just boot to it.  The choice is in your bios.  The live media will recognize what you have set in your bios and actually boot based on that choice.

When you start to perform the install, if you have booted to the UEFI mode it will inform you that it's installing in that mode.

You can verify the actual mode you have booted to by examining the dmesg file.

$ dmesg | egrep "EFI v"

The out put will show you the EFI version... something similar to:

[    0.000000] efi: EFI v2.31 by American Megatrends

If the output is blank you have booted to legacy mode.

You wouldn't be able to boot into UEFI without having support for it in your BIOS.


Yes, using a text-expander program such as AutoKey.

Install autokey-gtk from the software center, or from the terminal via sudo apt-get install autokey-gtk.
Open AutoKey from the dash, expand the "Sample Scripts" on the left, select "Insert Date", set a hotkey for it and save. That's it!


Trouble updating OpenGL 2.1 to > 3 on AMD/ATI FireGL V3300

Sorry to bring the bad news, but as far as I can tell, that card only supports OpenGL 2.0.
With only 128Mb of RAM, the card would probably not be able to handle DOTA2 anyway...


You can add this command in /etc/rc.local , so it will be executed automatically after reboot .


No, you don't need to boot to windows. If you already have a Ubuntu CD/DVD or USB then you just need to boot to that and install Ubuntu (you can then choose to format the HDD/SDD etc.)

By default the PC may offer the choice of booting from your Ubuntu USB, but if not you may need to go into the system bios to set boot order and/or allow booting from your Ubuntu USB device.


After installing gnome desktop, desktop disappeared

Login into virtual console and then run the below commands to remove gnome-shell and reinstall unity,

sudo apt-get purge gnome-shell ubuntu-gnome-desktop

sudo apt-get install --reinstall unity
sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get autoremove

Then restart lightdm,

sudo service lightdm restart


Will I lose all the data in my hard disk when I install Ubuntu alongside my Windows 8?

Installing Ubuntu as a dual-boot option alongside Windows requires your hard drive to be re-partitioned. Re-partitioning a drive is a potential risk for your data (this is not related to Ubuntu, it is always risky!). In case you are not familiar with disk partitioning this risk will be considerable.

  Please backup all your data before you install any other OS

Only after that you will be able to recover in case anything goes wrong accidentally.

Then you may be able to install Ubuntu as outlined here:

Installing Ubuntu on a Pre-Installed Windows 8 (64-bit) System (UEFI Supported)

The default installer should take care to make space for Ubuntu in your partition layout. In case you feel more comfortable in partitioning from Windows it is recommended to leave an unpartitioned space on your drive to hold Ubuntu. The installer will then create at least two new partitions on installing Ubuntu there.

In any case as soon as you told the installer to "replace" an OS or "erase" a disk it will inevitably repartition your hard drive(s) to remove all the content there. Then only those parts that were not overwritten may be recovered using forensic tools.

Please also note:

Ubuntu can't read an encrypted drive
Ubuntu can't read Windows dynamic disks
Do not hibernate Windows before installing (this includes the Windows fast-boot option!)
If in doubt or anything appears weird: don't continue. Ask somebody for help.

Last not least: don't worry too much. In the usual case nothing bad happens. Ubuntu just installs fine as dual-boot without any issues in the very most cases.


I've had the same problem when setting up a television as a second monitor.

You may be able to resolve the issue using the buttons (or dials) on the monitor itself.

Most modern monitors will have a menu system with the ability to adjust settings like brightness and contrast.

Look for options like Zoom, Stretch, Center, Aspect ratio.


VMWare Workstation 6.5.5 (64-bit) on Ubuntu 10.04 (64-bit) Odd Problem

The issue you have described is a known issue since Karmic and also occurs on Lucid.

The solution is to start vmware but also force VMWare to use the GTK mouse i.e.

export VMWARE_USE_SHIPPED_GTK=yes && vmware

Alternatively, you can edit /etc/vmware/bootstrap to put the above exported environment variable before it invokes vmware.


Yay, I fixed it on my own! I just removed the repository I added above and updated with the commands: sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/videolan-* && sudo apt-get update .


System is running low graphics mode after uninstalling Unity

run sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop to get it back.


How do I get started writing an applet for the panel?

Gnome-panel is deprecated and will no longer be available in Ubuntu from 11.10. It is based on infrstructure that is no longer being used by anyone.

If you like that type of setup, then I would recommend you have a look at Xfce. I think xfce4-panel is much better than gnome-panel, and it's actively developed. I believe their panel plugins are mostly written in Vala. But Xfce4 is also able to use gnome-panel applets if you install xfce4-xfapplet-plugin.

Because of all the modernization (gnome-panel has been unchanged for years) it's become a little more difficult to start programming. The tools themselves are easier to use, but the community needs time to catch up and write good documentation, tutorials, etc.


Internet sharing not working after one hop

Problem was that both routers A and B were acting as DHCP servers assigning same range of IP addresses. I disabled DHCP on router B and everything started working perfectly.


ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'xml.sax' when I use add-apt-repository

Looks like the Python standard library package was corrupted. You can restore it with:

sudo apt-get install -f --reinstall libpython3.6-stdlib

Other packages on your system may be affected too. You can find them during a sanity check and reinstall them in the same fashion as above.


Blacklist only one specific version of a package for upgrades

You can put this in /etc/apt/preferences to assign priority < 100 to this particular version of the package:

Package: mypackage
Pin: version 1.2-3ubuntu4
Pin-Priority: 99

This will prevent the upgrade to this version, because the currently installed version is assigned priority 100 (and the package with the highest priority gets installed).

For more information, see man apt_preferences or this answer.


ubuntu switched back to ubuntu-2d in 12.04

Found the answer to this question in another question of mine.

For further reference :

How can I uninstall a nvidia driver completely ?


Minimal Bash-like line editing is supporting

Hi i had an issues with installing ubuntu on my new dell computer to.
As we discussed on comments you can try to change the SATA settings on your bios.

reboot your pc and press F12 to enter BIOS Menu.
go to Settings>System Configuration>Sata Operation.
try to change the SATA Operation to ACHI instead of RAID ON or Disabled.

that is what helped me out to successfully install the ubuntu on my new dell pc.


Trying to mount backup of /dev/sda as ext4 for recovery, fdisk reports invalid partition table

The dd command you used: dd if=/dev/sda of=~/backup.img
is for backing up the harddrive(/dev/sda) to your home directory/image.img  isn't that forming a loop.

Did it worked ...??

and for mounting a partition:
 mkdir /media/mountPoint

 mount /dev/sda5 /media/mountPoint

Your device will be mounted at /media/mountPoint.


Can't log in after installing CUDA toolkit

While installing Cuda from a .run file, you are usually prompted to install nVidia drivers. If you respond by yes it will override the original drivers.  The solution that worked for me was :

Go to the tty by pressing ctrl-ALt-F1
Run sudo uninstall-nvidia
Run sudo apt-get install nvidia-X
Restart your PC

here X refers to the latest version of the driver in my case it was 67 i guess


How to work remotely on Windows 8 from Ubuntu 10.04

Try TightVNC!

There is a Java-standalone client to use on different systems.
You don't need the TightVNC-server to use the client.

If you wan't to use it over the internet use Dynamic DNS to connect to your network.

If you stay in the same network everything should be fine just with a VNC server + client.


My laptop model is Acer-TravelMate 5742.
I change below file, it worked for me.

cd /etc/modprobe.d/
sudo vi options.conf

Then enter below text in that file.

options psmouse proto=imps

Save and close it. Run below two commands.

sudo modprobe -r psmouse
sudo modprobe psmouse


The icon is called system-devices-panel and there are indicating variants like system-devices-panel-alert. Their location is the status subfolder of your theme (or the fallback-themes) in /usr/share/icons.

In /home/$USER/.cache you'll find the file indicator-applet-complete.log which is the log file for indicator-applet. In this file I found the line
DEBUG: Indicator-Session - indicator-session.c:425 setting icon to "system-devices-panel".

I would suggest you to create your own theme. Copy a existing one, have a look at Index.theme to see how a Icon Theme is defined and place your new icons in the right subfolders. You can easily start with just one new icon, the Index.theme file allows fallbacks and inherits missing icons.

Start with this Tutorial if you're interested in doing your own theme.


Accidentally formatted the partition which contains my back up

Use TestDisk

it's command line based tool which can recover almost all of your data, even in NTFS partition. I wouldn't use it to recover an OS but media files and documents in the partition should come back. you can even choose what files you want and it's a really powerful tool if you first read the complete instructions

to install testdisk and start using it, type these commands into in terminal

sudo apt-get install testdisk
testdisk

Here is the Official step by step guide to use test disk


I had the same issue the other day.  Seems Windows is overwriting /ubuntu/grubx64.efi in the EFI partition to make the system boot straight into Windows (details here). To fix it:

Set the BIOS to BIOS mode (instead of UEFI mode)
Boot from a USB or CD with Super Grub2 Disk
Select "Everything"
Select Ubuntu, should be right above Advanced options for Ubuntu
Once in Ubuntu, run sudo apt install --reinstall grub-common grub2-common grub-efi-amd64 grub-efi-amd64-bin
Keep your Super Grub2 Disk with your laptop, as you will probably be doing this a lot, as "Microsoft HatesLoves Linux" ;) (they only "love" Linux when it's inside Windows, apparently.)


Home folder does not open and "Continue to wait" message

I did check the graphics card, since I was told that the high temprature (which caused the fan to work so rapidly, thus making the noise) may came from outdated drivers of the graphics card. However, the drivers were up to date.

As a result, I did a format (and actually upgraded to Ubuntu 14.04). I recorded the steps of the procedure here.

Do NOT forget to store your ALL data, or you might end up like me.


Numerous libxxxx... libraries missing when trying to launch applications

Okay I solved my problem (it seems) although I am not sure why this worked as a solution.
First I ran sudo apt upgrade (I had to take some steps beforehand to make it work, but I don't remeber them)
Then I reinstalled all my packages. This might not be the smartest thing to do but I noticed that sudo apt install --reinstall libxxxx did its job now.
I found a script online that went through all my packages and did just that. It took quite long but in the end the errors disappeared and I can now run the software I wanted to.


Ubuntu 14.10 wants to install along windows 8 i don't have windows 8 i have 7

Did you previously had windows 8 installed?
In windows you can run -> msconfig and check what are the boot settings. Maybe you still have old boot settings, or just the name is incorrect. If so, just edit them (make sure you don't delete the correct one as it will make booting issues).

If you never had windows 8 installed, you don't have to worry about the fact it is identified as windows 8 as what's important for Grub is that the path is correct.


Check out the /etc/usb_modeswitch.conf file.

At the end you will find:

# Optional increase of "delay_use" for the usb-storage driver; there are hints
# that a recent kernel default change to 1 sec. may lead to problems, particu-
# larly with USB 3.0 ports. Set this to at least 3 (seconds) in that case.
# Does nothing if the current system value is same or higher

SetStorageDelay=3

Try 3 or 5 seconds here.


Error 12 - creating hibernation image - not enough free memory

Did you install without a swap partition?  IIRC it doesn't save to an in use partition -- hence free space not mattering.
Check swap space usage:

aking1012@devlaptop:~$ free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          3931       1923       2007          0        154        916
-/+ buffers/cache:        852       3078
Swap:         4059          0       4059

Free swap has to be > total Mem for hibernation to work.

Best practice is double RAM as swap. Might try that first(I know, I didn't do it). But then, I don't use hibernate on this box so...

Then if it doesn't work, file a bug report like this.


Ubuntu 14.04 doesn't detect my discrete GPU

It was fixed by installing nVidia driver version 331:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo apt-get install nvidia-331-updates-dev

Then installing bumblebee per the instructions here:

sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia primus

After a reboot, I was able to use my nVidia gpu for specific programs by using the 'optirun' command. :)


Play video in ubuntu terminal without GUI

You can use mplayer like so:

sudo apt-get install mplayer
mplayer -vo caca <yourvideo>


Does it make a sense to install final release instead of beta 2?

It makes no difference if you upgrade or install the final version from scratch; if it works now and you want to install it now then go for it.


Can't copy to external harddrive because of error: "invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character"

For anybody curious I did solve this. First I determined that the charset on the old VFAT drive was ISO-8859-1 (very common for Windows). I then executed a rsync command with the option to convert the old charset to UTF-8 and that did the trick.

Example:

rsync -vaW --size-only --iconv=ISO-8859-1,utf-8 /media/Music/* '/media/username/Seagate Backup Plus Drive/Backup - Music/Music' > ~/rsynclog.txt

Hope that helps somebody else!


How to update PHP to the newest version(5.5) on LAMPP Ubuntu 12.10

Edit: Just read the title to the end and noticed you're on 12.10! Upgrade! Upgrade immediately! You are literally years behind on security updates.

Actually, it's probably easier to just do a fresh install of 14.04 (a LTS version, see below) than upgrading to 13.04 (dead), 13.10 (dead) and then to 14.04. And not meaning to scare you, but there have been some pretty serious security issues that you haven't been protected against; your install could already be exploited.

The below was written assuming you were using 14.04.

For standard PHP installations, I would recommend just hopping to the ondrej/php5 PPA. This is a repository maintained by Ondřej Surý (a Debian PHP packager) and this PPA tracks the Debian PHP team's work. It should be as good as what you get from Ubuntu directly.

sudo apt install python-software-properties
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php5
sudo apt update
sudo apt install php5

That said, if you're using LAMPP, all bets are off. LAMPP is a completely unneccessary and separate packaging of components that I would never suggest be used for production. Use Ubuntu's (or Ondřej's) version. It's maintained and updated in a predictable way.

There's also a comment on your question that you upgrade to a later release of Ubuntu. If you're on 14.10, sure that dies in July, but if you're on 14.04, well, 14.04 is a Long Term Support release and is maintained up to 2019. 15.04 barely gets you to 2016. That means fewer upgrades, less maintenance for you, and a lot less testing.

So my final suggestion:

Stay on Install an LTS release
Install the proper LAMP stack that Ubuntu ships
Use Ondřej's PPA to hop to the latest stable PHP version (5.5 now).


How to safely change grub2 screen resolution?

To do this safely requires two steps.

Step 1: find the preferred mode

Reboot and press and hold Shift to display your grub.  Press C to enter console mode. Then type (for Ubuntu versions before 18.04):

$ vbeinfo

For Ubuntu 18.04 and later:

$ videoinfo

This will display various stuff how grub recognizes your display.  At the bottom is "preferred mode" - in your case it should say 1280x800.  Note down the value.

Note: sometimes, some buggy video cards incorrectly give Grub the wrong preferred resolution - if the preferred mode is much higher than you were expecting, then select the nearest mode in the list displayed that you were expecting.

Press Esc to return to grub and press Enter to boot.

Step 2: Setting the resolution in grub

Reach for your terminal and type

$ sudo nano /etc/default/grub

find the line

#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

remove the # and change 640x480 with the preferred mode you wrote down. E.g.:

GRUB_GFXMODE=1280x800

save, then type

$ sudo update-grub

Note: the preferred mode has to be among those listed by vbeinfo.  For example, if your preferred mode is 1920x1080 (a common 16x9 aspect ratio setting), your preferred mode is NOT supported by vbeinfo and may not work correctly.  In fact, there do not seem to be any 16x9 modes supported by vbeinfo, as of Ubuntu 13.04. In that case you could try falling back to something common like 640x480, which, it seems most monitors support and vbeinfo supports.  Also, not all the modes supported by vbeinfo are necessarily supported by your monitor and you may have to experiment.


Linear B writing not displaying in browser

The font being displayed does not have the Linear B characters defined ; the numbered boxes show the Unicode points instead.

When I view the page in both Chromium and Firefox, I see the character replacement blocks, but also an SVG rendering of each character.

For a font containing the Linear B script, there is ALPHABETUM (complete with horrible MIDI music...)


How do I install Ubuntu 14.04.02 alongside Windows 8.1?

If you want to try out Ubuntu before re-partitioning your system, you can follow this procedure here.

If you are ready to make the plunge, the official Windows Dual Boot documentation is here.


disable screensaver and power saving options,make sure it never powers down without you telling it to.. i end up kicking my machine because it wont turn on again after it hibernates or goes to sleep. im hoping the canonical team will fix this soon.


You need to add the linux driver on the Ubuntu client (not on the Raspberry)... see here:

https://support.brother.com/g/b/downloadtop.aspx?c=us&lang=en&prod=dcp7060d_all


What does "Interactive" do in Power settings

The "Interactive" option should show a prompt with multiple power button press options.
In other words after pressing the power button a pop-up dialogue should appear containing separate buttons for Shutdown/Logout/Suspend/Hibernate allowing the user to select any one of them and then the computer will perform the chosen action.

But the catch is the "Interactive" option doesn't work as expected in newer versions of GNOME shell (most probably v3.18 and later). So most probably your computer would just suspend after power-button-press without showing any prompt.

Not sure whether it's an intended feature or a bug, this bug report is marked as "resolved fixed" without actually fixing the issue.


Try use Boot-Repair for repair.

To add Boot-Repair to the repository use:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair

To update your repository:

$ sudo apt-get update

To install boot-repair:

$ sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

Once Installation completes, run boot-repair on terminal by typing the following command or select it by System → Administration → Boot Repair.

$ boot-repair


What do files such as *75527* do (in the home folder) and is it safe to just delete them?

Judging by its name, and the fact that I don't have such files in my system, my best guess is that these are remains of a bad script or mistyped commands.

For example, if there are no files in your current directory that contains 75527 in their name, the following line would create an empty file called *75527*.

>*75527*

Another reason, which occurs quite a bit to me, could be that you may have copy-pasted some text into the terminal by mistake that contains a line similar to the previous one.

If this file is newly created, you can search the history and check if any command has created it. However, you won't necessarily find anything. Because, unless you modified your default settings, the history only saves your last 2000 commands and commands preceded by a space character will not be saved into the history. Also commands inside a script file are not recorded in the history either.

You can view your history with by typing history in your terminal.

Note: There are a lot of commands that can create files in your working directory. The previous one is just one of them.

If you cannot verify how they are created, you can move them into a separate directory that you can delete after you verify that your system isn't behaving abnormally.

However, take caution when working with files that contain wildcards in their name. Either use a file manager such as Nautilus or make use of tab completion. As pressing the tab key to autocomplete a file name will get special characters escaped.


Is there a way to "simulate" opening a file with sublime and saving with a particular encoding via command line?

import pandas as pd
dataframe = pd.read_csv('yourfile.csv', encoding='utf-8')


I'd suggest replacing the $kernel_version variable with the actual value.

As described below, using the below command with backtick instead of single quote should solve the problem as well:

$ kernel_version=`uname -r`

As mentioned by @steeldriver the error seems to be due to use of single quote instead of backtick which surround the uname -r command.

hence the following sample command:

$ kernel_version='uname -r'
$ ln -sf /tmp/test/$kernel_version/example /tmp/newname
ln: invalid option -- '/'
Try 'ln --help' for more information.

Will be translated to:

$ ln -sf /tmp/test/uname -r/example /tmp/newname
ln: invalid option -- '/'
Try 'ln --help' for more information.

And as @steeldriver wrote: Presumably the error message is about invalid option '/' because -r is a valid option for the ln command

Note that using backtick would work without errors:

$ kernel_version=`uname -r`
$ ln -sf /tmp/test/$kernel_version/example /tmp/newname
$
$ ls -l /tmp/newname
lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user 35 Feb 21 16:02 /tmp/newname -> /tmp/test/4.4.0-112-generic/example


How to use dell smart card keyboard RT7D60 in Ubuntu

Older smart card readers (and eID readers) need additional drivers in order to work on Ubuntu. You can install them by typing the following command in a terminal

sudo apt-get install libacr38u libacr38ucontrol0 libacr38ucontrol-dev

After installation plug in the keyboard, and it should work. Now, if you put your smart card in the reader, it should light up and smart card applications should recognize the card. You can test using Cardpeek (GUI) or the  pcsc_scan (commandline).

See this question to use the Belgian eID

Source (in Dutch)


Can I close an image in Gimp and have the entire program close?

The behavior you want is now available in Gimp 2.8 by using single-window mode.

From the menu: Windows > Single-window mode


How do I open Access-Your-Private-Data.desktop?

You are trying to access data from an encrypted directory. To do this, log in as the user owning the data in question (eg sally for /home/sally). If the home directory itself is encrypted, logging in will automatically decrypt the data. If it is a Private directory, there should be a launcher in that folder to click (which may again prompt you for the user password).

If the "Access Your Private Data" launcher fails for some reason, use this command and follow instructions:

ecryptfs-mount-private

If, for some reason, you have the data in question independent of the system it was used in, you will need the private key that Ubuntu's encryption wizard asked you to save on installation.

If you have neither the password for user with that encrypted directory, nor the private key, I'm afraid there is no way to recover the data.


Compiz / Unity very unstable, crashing very often on 12.04

I had these and other problems in compiz. You can find a bug report here. In short, the solution to that particular bug was to install an alternative, older version of the packages:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:vanvugt/compiz-preproposed
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install compiz=1:0.9.7.8-0ubuntu1vvpreproposed2 compiz-core=1:0.9.7.8-0ubuntu1vvpreproposed2 compiz-gnome=1:0.9.7.8-0ubuntu1vvpreproposed2 compiz-plugins=1:0.9.7.8-0ubuntu1vvpreproposed2 compiz-plugins=1:0.9.7.8-0ubuntu1vvpreproposed2 compiz-plugins-default=1:0.9.7.8-0ubuntu1vvpreproposed2 libdecoration0=1:0.9.7.8-0ubuntu1vvpreproposed2

Restart compiz:

compiz --replace &

If that does not work better for you, the packages will be replaced during the next system update. Or just do

apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade

If, however, you have better experience with that older package (that was my case), you can make the change more permanent ("pin" the package at a certain version). For this, install synaptic:

apt-get install synaptic

Synaptic is an alternate package manager that also allows to pin the packages.

Alternatively, you can run:

{ echo compiz hold ; echo compiz-core hold ; echo compiz-plugins hold ; echo compiz-gnome hold ; echo compiz-plugins-default hold ; echo libdecoration0 hold ; } | sudo dpkg --set-selections


How do I share documents with multiple users on the same PC?

The way I've done this in the past (shared laptop between my wife and myself) was to create a user/new group and home directory, make myself and my wife members of the new group and set permissions so that properties of files are inherited regardless of who creates theem.


installed jdk by and have Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine

Use:

java -version

instead of:

java --version

However, it's still not excusable that such cryptic error message is produced for the extra dash sign. Especially because java is not an amateur software but a kind of the very best software.


How do I get the graphical bootsplash on my Macbook Air?

Chan-Ho Suh answered this in a comment:

  Hi Luke. I took a look and see nothing amiss (unfortunately). The
  usual problem with the Nvidia prop driver is that the Plymouth splash
  is the wrong/low resolution, but in your case, it can't even boot in a
  lower resolution, which is odd. Anyway, the usual way of fixing the
  former is to uncomment #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 and set it to the
  appropriate resolution. So that might work for you too.

To uncomment a line in a configuration file like /etc/default/grub--which is the file to be modified in this situation--remove the # at the beginning.

After modifying /etc/default/grub, the command sudo update-grub must be run, to apply the changes.


How to replace and edit content of file?

Something like this will work:

$ perl -npe 's/(.*):/cd \1/; s/^(set.*)/clustalw INFILE=\1 OUTFILE=\1.aln/; s/^\s+/cd ..\n/;' file
cd set0027
clustalw INFILE=set0027_100-250 OUTFILE=set0027_100-250.aln
clustalw INFILE=set0027_1-150 OUTFILE=set0027_1-150.aln
clustalw INFILE=set0027_50-200 OUTFILE=set0027_50-200.aln
cd ..
cd set0038
clustalw INFILE=set0038_100-250 OUTFILE=set0038_100-250.aln
clustalw INFILE=set0038_1-150 OUTFILE=set0038_1-150.aln
clustalw INFILE=set0038_50-200 OUTFILE=set0038_50-200.aln

uses command line options

-n implicit loop
-e execute perl inline
-p print line


Boot from the usb and select try ubuntu.Connect to the internet,open up the terminal by pressing ctrl+alt+t and then run following commands to install boot-repair,

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (boot-repair &)

After that a dialog box appears,select Recommende Repair option.It will reinstall grub and your grub menu will appear on startup.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


Unmount the /dev/sdb5 and mount it inside a directory in /media so that the drive appears on the unity bar.

sudo umount /dev/sdb5

create a directory inside /media folder by running below commands,

cd /media
mkdir hdd

Then mount the dev/sdb5 in the hdd directory by running the below command,

sudo mount /dev/sdb5 /media/hdd

You can't able to delete the files inside /dev/sdb5,because it was your /home partition.


I've tested this and it's persistent across reboots.

Click the bluetooth logo between the keyboard and battery icons on the system tray. Then click the "Bluetooth ON" selection and it changes to "Bluetooth OFF":

After comments I discovered that Ubuntu 18.04 with Gnome interface doesn't work like Ubuntu 16.04 with Unity interface.

The solution is to edit /etc/default/tlp and find:

# Radio devices to disable on startup: bluetooth, wifi, wwan.
# Separate multiple devices with spaces.
#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_STARTUP="bluetooth wifi wwan"

Edit the last line to read:

DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_STARTUP="bluetooth"


Trying to configure a HD 7470/8470 - Strange video refresh Title changeg and instability of video card

You do not need to download and run any files. You can install 15.20 driver by running in terminal

sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates

This is the correct way of installing the driver.


How to drag from a background window to the front window

Right-click on the Terminal title-bar and select Always On Top.  You can now drag files from Nautilus to Terminal.


Computer don't detect android one usb device

This fix worked with my android phone,

sudo apt-get install mtpfs

Once that's installed, plug in the phone to your computer.

If nothing happens, on the phone go to Settings > Storage > Upper Right Corner > USB Computer Connection > Media Device


How much free space should I have on my hdd?

Well. It varies...

First of all, on *IX all filesystems usually have a reserved space, accessible only to root; nowadays it is 5% of the filesystem size (by default), but can be larger or smaller. If you are running as the superuser, then there is no reserve.

So, whatever is your filesystem size, you can actually use up to (100 - reserved space).

There is no fixed response to your question: it depends on how you use the filesystem. For normal usage (i.e., a desktop/laptop with email, browser, music, videos), a probable safe bet is around 60-80%. If the disk contents is volatile -- meaning lots of changes, large files being created/deleted, etc -- then you can expect degradation as the filesystem gets filled up. Now... of old, a good initial bet was "be worried if it is 80% full"; but with the current crop of extremely large drives, it does not make a lot of sense anymore -- 20% free space off 1T is still 200G! -- and this is one of the reasons the reserved space is now only ~ 5%.

But... rule of thumb for generic use... I would say tops at 70%, then start considering an upgrade/additional drive ;-)

If, OTOH, you are just adding files one after the other, never (re)moving them, then you can safely use all space available with no impact.

And yes, there can be fragmentation, which can cause degradation on read/write times.


connect your ethernet cable, open a tty, login and run

sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop

by using tasksel you probably unchecked ubuntu-desktop which was removed

to install LAMPP use this one line solution instead

sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin

this depends on all the packages you need which will also be installed


To enable the backlight:

echo 2 | sudo tee /sys/class/leds/asus::kbd_backlight/brightness

The 2 at echo 2 | can be changed to a value between 0 - 3, with 3 being the brightest.

To disable the backlight, enter:

echo 0 | sudo tee /sys/class/leds/asus::kbd_backlight/brightness

The path may vary depending on laptop model and your OS. For example Lenovo Thinkpad L390 running Manjaro has /sys/class/leds/tpacpi::kbd_backlight/brightness. You can use find to see the correct path:

find /sys/class/leds -name '*kbd_backlight'


Apache2 permissions in /var/www/ multiple websites

You need to set setgid bit for all folders:

chown $USER:www-data -R /var/www
chmod -R g+s /var/www

Then every new file created in "setgid folder" will have group of parent folder. User who do create file must be in www-data group

WWW files permissions can be limited to your user(read-write) and www-data group(only read), while others don't have any persissions:

chmod -R u=rwX,g=rs,o= /var/www


Why doesn't the 'su' command work in Ubuntu but does in other Linux distros?

Because in Ubuntu, by default, root has no password.

Without arguments, su means "switch user to root" and to do that you have to enter root's password, not your own. Unless you give root a password, it doesn't have one, so you can't literally log in as root.

Here's some background:

  In the Unix world, there has always been a larger division between
  regular users and administrators, owing to the multiuser heritage of
  Unix. The approach taken in Unix is to grant superuser privileges only
  when needed. To do this, the su and sudo commands are commonly used.

  Up until a few years ago, most Linux distributions relied on su for
  this purpose. su didn't require the configuration that sudo
  required, and having a root account is traditional in Unix. This
  introduced a problem. Users were tempted to operate as root
  unnecessarily. In fact, some users operated their systems as the root
  user exclusively, since it does away with all those annoying
  “permission denied” messages. This is how you reduce the security of
  a Linux system to that of a Windows system. Not a good idea.

  When Ubuntu was introduced, its creators took a different tack. By default,
  Ubuntu disables logins to the root account (by failing to set a
  password for the account), and instead uses sudo to grant superuser
  privileges. The initial user account is granted full access to
  superuser privileges via sudo and may grant similar powers to
  subsequent user accounts.

~ The Linux Command Line

You can use su to switch user, if you know the password of the user to switch to, for example, I can su pixie to log in as my backup user.

Normally though, you should use sudo and your own password to authenticate, or to start a root shell, use sudo -i


Steam does not start after install in 13.10

I have raised a steam support ticket for this. They have given this solution. When you face this cannot start registry.vdf is missing problem, you need to reset steam and restart the system.


You'll need to set your BIOS back to UEFI to boot your normal operating systems.

If for some reason that doesn't allow you to boot normally, then you'll need to run boot-repair in UEFI mode.

make sure your BIOS is set back to UEFI
boot a Ubuntu Live DVD in Try Ubuntu mode
make sure that you're connected to the Internet
start the terminal application from the Unity launcher
in the terminal, type:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair
sudo boot-repair

Perform the recommended repair.


First check the *.rar with file command to determine the type of file.

file html.rar

Make sure your file is properly downloaded, sometimes it may be unfinished download.

Then check the size of the file by executing

ls -lh

If it is an empty file then redownload it. Or check with

unrar t html.rar

-t : Test archive files

Hope it helps.


Some Flash moving portions displayed incorrectly in Firefox

Try Flash-Aid, it's a Firefox add-on that detects the system and selects the appropriate Flash player for you, remove conflicting plugins and apply some tweaks to increase performance a fix common issues.


The short answer is that you almost certainly want emacs23: it's the full version of Emacs 23 with graphical support.

emacs23-nox is the same, but without any graphical support.  If you're installing Emacs onto a server or other environment that lacks an X window system, you should fetch this version instead.  (Note that emacs23 works just fine on the terminal, so the only reason to prefer emacs23-nox to emacs23 is if you don't want to drag in the dependencies.)

e3 and jove are not Emacs; they're lightweight editors that have Emacs modes to them.

emacs23-lucid is XEmacs, which used to be called "Lucid Emacs".


Monitor Never Shuts Off After Upgrade to 20.04

I noticed the same problem immediately! I usually use my power button to turn off the display, but even after setting the timer to 1 minute, the display just never turned off!
Google will tell you that there's a keyboard/mouse that's waking the display. I disabled  EVERYTHING, but display would still wake up.
I rolled back my win10 version to 1909, and my display is turning off again. I then reinstalled 2004, and now things aren't working again.
Looks like a bug with a the build.


Trouble installing Ubuntu with USB on laptop

There is really no universal panacea for USB install.

If you create a USB 'LiveCD' from within Ubuntu, it will nearly always work.  You only have to be concerned with disparity between the version of Ubuntu used to create and the version being installed.  This can cause issues similar to what you are experiencing.

You are far more likely to have issues with USB 'boot' and 'kernel', with a third-party USB creator application.

Fail Safe Approach

( until you have a nearby Ubuntu 12.04 to use 'Startup Disk Creator'. )

Download the .ISO image, and burn to CD.


Take user name as input: if user is logged in, display running processes belonging to the user

You can use the who -u command to list the users who are logged in.
Then you could use grep to look for a specific user in the output,
and exit with success if found, or exit with failure otherwise.

#!/bin/bash

read -p 'Enter username to check: ' user
if who -u | grep -q "^$user "; then
    top -u "$user"
else
    echo "User $user is not logged in"
fi

(Thanks to @dessert for shortening the who -u | ... part!)


On Ubuntu (and generally on any operating system derived from Debian) you do not normally run Apache HTTP server directly, but rather you must use apache2ctl. The error messages in your question indicate that you have tried to run it directly; you can do this, but then you must mimic the actions of apache2ctl, in particular you must set the expected environment variables.


You can create a Live DVD or USB, which you can use to reinstall Ubuntu. It also comes with a full desktop you can run right from the boot media and install tools to recover your system with. You can choose to reinstall Ubuntu keeping files, programs, and settings, as an option.


How can I start a VNC server before log on?

I usually suggest an alternate VNC server, x11vncserver or FreeNX.

FreeNX how to and download info

x11 VNC and docs

This assumes that VNC is setup and run-able:

Copy the code block below into /etc/init.d/vncserver. The easiest way to do it is to copy it to your clipboard, run sudo -i && cat > /etc/init.d/vncserver && exit in a terminal, paste it in, and type Ctrl-D`. Be sure to change the USER variable to whatever user you want the VNC server to run under.

#!/bin/sh -e
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          vncserver
# Required-Start:    networking
# Default-Start:     3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 6
### END INIT INFO

PATH="$PATH:/usr/X11R6/bin/"

# The Username:Group that will run VNC
export USER="mythtv"
#${RUNAS}

# The display that VNC will use
DISPLAY="1"

# Color depth (between 8 and 32)
DEPTH="16"

# The Desktop geometry to use.
#GEOMETRY="<WIDTH>x<HEIGHT>"
#GEOMETRY="800x600"
GEOMETRY="1024x768"
#GEOMETRY="1280x1024"

# The name that the VNC Desktop will have.
NAME="my-vnc-server"

OPTIONS="-name ${NAME} -depth ${DEPTH} -geometry ${GEOMETRY} :${DISPLAY}"

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

case "$1" in
start)
log_action_begin_msg "Starting vncserver for user '${USER}' on localhost:${DISPLAY}"
su ${USER} -c "/usr/bin/vncserver ${OPTIONS}"
;;

stop)
log_action_begin_msg "Stoping vncserver for user '${USER}' on localhost:${DISPLAY}"
su ${USER} -c "/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :${DISPLAY}"
;;

restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
esac

exit 0

Make the script executable with sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/vncserver.

Then, run sudo update-rc.d vncserver defaults. This adds the appropriate symlinks to the vncserver script so that it is sent the start and stop commands at the appropriate time.

Note: you may need to use sudo update-rc.d vncserver 99 instead if the job is running too early in the boot process.

To start the server without rebooting, run sudo /etc/init.d/vncserver start

Finally, connect to your server with a VNC client on port 590X, where X is the value of "DISPLAY" in the vncserver script

source


I would suggest nmcli (man page).

It is already installed on Ubuntu.

Example output

tim@Hairy14:~$ nmcli -p c
======================================================================================================================
                                                   Connection list
======================================================================================================================
NAME                      UUID                                   TYPE              TIMESTAMP-REAL
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tim's Phone Network       39bdb4e5-bce2-498e-ba2f-326e9601ea21   bluetooth         never
Hotspot                   e9d19b97-a01e-4017-9f64-3f663f5a025b   802-11-wireless   Mon 28 Jul 2014 10:56:02 BST
Tim's Phone Network       e0f716d4-c84f-4cd0-8ff6-140471583bea   bluetooth         never
Wired Connection RIP      516797eb-78cf-4930-9d3a-b0be1b861f42   802-3-ethernet    Wed 23 Jul 2014 12:01:28 BST
Wired connection SIP      57816f79-049b-4ecc-806c-c48278845fc2   802-3-ethernet    Wed 30 Jul 2014 16:52:14 BST

Options:

tim@Hairy14:~$ nmcli
Usage: nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }

OPTIONS
  -t[erse]                                   terse output
  -p[retty]                                  pretty output
  -m[ode] tabular|multiline                  output mode
  -f[ields] <field1,field2,...>|all|common   specify fields to output
  -e[scape] yes|no                           escape columns separators in values
  -n[ocheck]                                 do not check nmcli and NetworkManager versions
  -v[ersion]                                 show program version
  -h[elp]                                    print this help

OBJECT
  nm              NetworkManager's status
  c[onnection]    NetworkManager's connections
  d[evice]        devices managed by NetworkManager

tim@Hairy14:~$ nmcli -p
Usage: nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }

OPTIONS
  -t[erse]                                   terse output
  -p[retty]                                  pretty output
  -m[ode] tabular|multiline                  output mode
  -f[ields] <field1,field2,...>|all|common   specify fields to output
  -e[scape] yes|no                           escape columns separators in values
  -n[ocheck]                                 do not check nmcli and NetworkManager versions
  -v[ersion]                                 show program version
  -h[elp]                                    print this help

OBJECT
  nm              NetworkManager's status
  c[onnection]    NetworkManager's connections
  d[evice]        devices managed by NetworkManager

So to display the status of nm:

nmcli -p nm


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS won't detect external monitor after waking up from suspend

List the displays:

xrandr --query (or w -oush)

1. Disable the dpms function of the display (:0) you want.

 xset -display :0 -dpms

2. If this does not work try this:

 setterm -powerdown 0


How to hold a package back from being upgraded?

As your question is tagged synaptic, I'll assume that this you package manager of choice. In order to hold a package back with synaptic, you simply need to "lock the version."

Find and select the package you wish to hold back. Then go to Package > Lock Version in the menu bar.

When you are ready to upgrade that package, simply highlight the package and un-check "Lock Version." It can now be upgraded normally.

If you like to do this from the command line, you can use dpkg --set-selections

echo package_name hold | sudo dpkg --set-selections

To remove the hold, run:

echo package_name install | sudo dpkg --set-selections


How do I install HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 2510 All-in-One Series?

Download HPLIP from http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/index.html.

BTW it says:

  You have selected Ubuntu 12.04 using the HP Deskjet 2050 j510 All-in-one Printer.

  Ubuntu 12.04 supplies HPLIP 3.12.2 and it does support your printer.

  As the version of HPLIP supplied with your operating system supports your printer, you >may continue to use that version of HPLIP.

  You may now optionally download the latest version of HPLIP to get access to new features >and bug fixes.


What's wrong with following their wiki?

Install the requirements...

sudo apt-get install ^lamp-server postfix

This is just PHP and MySQL. The requirements specify various "at least" figures for various PHP configuration items. I've no idea how far they differ from Ubuntu standards, but it's all there.
Follow the wiki's instructions: http://trac.roundcube.net/wiki/Howto_Install


How do I get a higher resolution than 1280 X 800 in Ubuntu 13.04

According to this link - your laptop's native resolution is 1280x800. It does not make much sense to use non-native resolution on an LCD display, but if you want to make everything smaller you can do it by using xrandr to scale your display.

See this question for more details: How do I achieve higher resolution than physical resolution of an LCD?


In the meantime, to adjust the brightness from the terminal, use

~$ xbacklight = 75

where 75 is the percentage.


dpkg -l | grep linux-image warning and memtest86

The warning simply means you likely have an old configuration file living at /etc/default/grub It won't have a negative effect on your ability to boot but if it annoys you you can comment out that line. simply open the file with your favorite text editor like for instance gksu gedit /etc/default/grub, or sudo nano /etc/default/grub place the '#' symbol at the beginning of the GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT="n" line as shown in the example below.

Save the file and then issue the command sudo update-grub to update the auto generated boot file in /boot/grub/grub.cfg

The warning is now gone.

I concur with @waltinator regarding memtest and have nothing further to add on that question.

Here's an excerpt showing that line commented out:

cat /etc/default/grub | grep TIMEOUT
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT="0"
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET="true"
GRUB_TIMEOUT="10"


Here is the Mingw solution:
http://www.mingw.org/wiki/sampleDLL
Source file:

#include <stdio.h>
#include "example_dll.h"

__stdcall void hello(const char *s)
{
        printf("Hello %s\n", s);
}
int Double(int x)
{
        return 2 * x;
}
void CppFunc(void)
{
        puts("CppFunc");
}
void MyClass::func(void)
{
        puts("MyClass.func()");
}

Header file:

#ifndef EXAMPLE_DLL_H
#define EXAMPLE_DLL_H

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#ifdef BUILDING_EXAMPLE_DLL
#define EXAMPLE_DLL __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define EXAMPLE_DLL __declspec(dllimport)
#endif

void __stdcall EXAMPLE_DLL hello(const char *s);

int EXAMPLE_DLL Double(int x);

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

// NOTE: this function is not declared extern "C"
void EXAMPLE_DLL CppFunc(void);

// NOTE: this class must not be declared extern "C"
class EXAMPLE_DLL MyClass
{
public:
        MyClass() {};
        virtual ~MyClass() {};
        void func(void);
};

#endif  // EXAMPLE_DLL_H

Building:

g++ -c -DBUILDING_EXAMPLE_DLL example_dll.cpp
g++ -shared -o example_dll.dll example_dll.o -Wl,--out-implib,libexample_dll.a


What method do I use to manage an app-specific background process?

Consider offloading notification onto the system!

The general way things to communicate with a daemon in modern GNU/Linux desktop is D-Bus. To grossly simplify what it does: D-Bus allows you to call functions from a daemon "service" process. You could easily just have a refreshConfig() function that reloads configuration from file on call.

That said, the specific thing you're trying to do has a solution more germane to Ubuntu and GTK+. With GSettings, you create a configuration schema that defines key/value pairs you're interested in storing. After doing so, you can put a line something like this in your daemon...

mySettings->connect("changed::setting", onSettingChanged);

And GObject will wake up your daemon and call onSettingChanged() when any configuration changes. That function can call a new instance of itself and exit(0) if you wish. Although I can't think of a code logic reason why you'd need to do that.

Here is an excellent guide for using GSettings with Python. It should be easily translatable to C++.


Cannot mount SD-card after unmounting it

On my system (does not have a built-in card reader), I have a multi-card reader which shows several "drives", such as SD, SM, CF, etc with no devices plugged in.  When I plug in an SD card, the SD card mounts and its name shows up after the "drive".

If I eject the SD card, or simply remove it, then next time I insert it, it will auto-mount.  But if I select the SD card, and choose "Safely remove Drive" from the right-click context menu, then the entire reader unmounts, and I can't simply insert the SD card to read it - I need to unplug the reader, and plug it back in.

I realize this may not be a normal answer, depending on whether you have an internal or external reader, and whether you choose the "Safely remove drive" option or not, but if you do choose this method, you might try simply "eject" or just removing the card.

If you already simply remove the card, you might try using "eject" to see if that makes a difference in your case.


What does "sudo iw dev [interface] scan" do?

It does iw dev [interface] scan except with the access which root has.

What does a web search on Ubuntu man iw tell us? We look in  http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man8/iw.8.html and see dev [interface] shows information just about that particular specified interface, and scan looks for nearby WiFi access points.  https://stackoverflow.com/a/17880517/2909179 gives a good example of the result after a little text processing; in the aforementioned example, that user collected the name, frequency, signal strength, and encryption type of the WiFi access points near him.

It's safe to run.


The proper way to converting is :

avconv -i test.webm -c:a libmp3lame test.mp3

or even shorter, without telling to avconv that you want use libmp3lame encoder.

avconv -i test.webm test.mp3


16.04 login only background and mouse, can't open terminal

I was finally able to login by going into recovery mode > enable graphic failsafe > enable network > resume boot. When I logged in I opened terminal and ran the following

sudo apt purge 'nvidia.*'
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nvidia-367 nvidia-prime

I then rebooted and loaded straight into Ubuntu from the grub loaded and everything is up and running. Hope this helps others in the future.


A nice way to execute scripts by double clicking them is to make a .desktop file, which is essentially a shortcut. Aside from scripts, it can execute pretty much any executable, including .jar. Here's how to make one:

Create a file and name it <program name>.desktop
Open it with GEdit and paste this text in:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=<whatever you want the file name to be>
Comment=<description of program>
Exec=</path/to/script>
Icon=</path/to/optional/icon.png>

Edit the Name, Comment, Exec, and Icon fields to what you want. Having an Icon is optional and you can simply remove that line if you don't want to have one. Make sure to delete the surrounding <>.
Save the file and then go into its properties.
Go to Permissions and mark it as executable.

You should now be able to double click this file and it will execute your script. If you don't want a terminal window to be shown, add Terminal=false to the file. You can now add this file to the launcher for easy access, if you like. If you want to move your script, you'll have to update the Exec path in the .desktop file.

Any problems, just comment.

---Update---
Thanks to @kos, I now know the solution to your problem. Instead of having sudo rm -rf ~/.local/share/Trash/*, you want just rm -rf ~/.local/share/Trash/*. Since ~/.local/share/Trash is owned by you, you can do anything from your user account to edit it without sudo. After testing the non-sudo command out, I can confirm that it works.


I tried installing the r8168 driver for my Realtek ethernet device.
Which (now) is:
➜  ~ lspci -v | grep Ethernet -A 7
04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 26)
    Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
    Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 59
    I/O ports at f000 [size=256]
    Memory at fc804000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
    Memory at fc800000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
    Capabilities: <access denied>
    Kernel driver in use: r8168
    Kernel modules: r8168

by following this guide: https://tuxbyte.com/how-to-get-your-realtek-rtl8111rtl8168-working-updated-guide/
To do that I used another (working) Ubuntu install and downloaded the package;
apt download r8168-dkms. After installing this and rebooting I still have no connectivity.
Hence I tried this (thinking that maybe the other driver works "better"):
sudo touch /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-globally-managed-devices.conf
sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service

And now I have Internet again.
Oh and I had to restart my pulseaudio.
pulseaudio -D and re-select my headphones as output device.


dual-boot with secure boot: invalid signature

As I do not know whether Microsoft did change the boot loader signature with the update
(this anyway would be off-topic here) I suggest the following procedure:

First disable hibernation and Fast Boot in Windows.

Boot into Windows - open command prompt as administrator and execute this command:

powercfg /h off

Then disable (uncheck) Fast Boot in Control Panel -> Energy Settings (show hidden settings).

Shutdown the machine (do NOT reboot) completely.

Then reinstall GRUB bootloader to your Ubuntu installation  in EFI mode.

Boot from the Ubuntu install media - then  open a terminal and execute:

sudo mount /dev/sd*** /mnt
sudo mount /dev/sd** /mnt/boot/efi
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
sudo chroot /mnt
grub-install /dev/sd*
update-grub

Note :

sd* = disk | sd** = efi partition | sd*** = system partition

If you do not know the partition numbers you can easily identify them with GParted.
The (Graphic User Interface) tool is already included in the Ubuntu installation media.

If this solution does not work you unfortunately will have to reinstall ubuntu in insecure mode.
Boot into BIOS (UEFI) and disable Secure Boot, then reinstall ubuntu in the way you did before.


scp permission denied after WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!

first, this is a security issue.

Here is a nice review article:

http://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/ssh-host-key-protection

Basically ssh servers (openssh-server) use keys to identify themselves and prevent others from mimicking them. A "man in the middle" might, for example, capture your user name and password.

You can fix it via several methods, I prefer

ssh-keygen -R server

Before you do that, however, you should check with the server sys admin to see if the (server) keys were changed.

For your scp error, you need to use the full path. My guess would be:

scp myfile user@server:/home/user_name/Folder


Lenovo IdeaPad S145 I can get touchpad or wireless to work but not at same time

Ok, so I figured it out.  Will take time to share my different steps so hopefully someone else in my situation can also fix their problem.  Maybe someone with a much better understanding can explain a bit better what happened.

Did new install of Ubuntu 18.04, and it had kernel 5.something.  Touchpad was working great, but tried all the different instructions to get wireless going an nothing. (at the build time it would give errors)

Read a post that mentioned they got wireless working with kernel 4.15 so I downloaded kernel 4.15 (downloading the .deb files).

So I boot up with kernel 4.15, and touchpad and wireless where not working.  I went ahead and tried one of the wireless fixes, and it compiled correctly and had wireless working, but no touchpad.

I then started downloading different kernels, for the most part all the 4.xx kernels I tried would have wireless working without having to do anything.  Basically I didn't have to recompile anything, nor did I have to put in my wireless password.

All the 4.xx would have wireless working as soon as I started up the computer but not the touchpad, and all the different 5.xx kernels would have touchpad working, but no wireless.

Today I finally installed ukuu to help me manage the kernels.  I had a long list of kernels so I started to delete them.

I think I ended up deleting the kernel version where I first got the wireless to work, and after I rebooted with a different 4.xx noticed the wifi didn't turn on.  At fist it seemed like a bad thing. I had read that kernel 4.19 did seem to recognize the touchpad.  I had tried it before but it didn't work (but the wireless was working).

So I went ahead and downloaded kernel 14.19.66, when I booted up noticed touchpad was working, but no internet.

I went ahead and ran the instructions on this link How to install Wi-Fi driver for Realtek RTL8821CE on Ubuntu 18.04?  it did compile with no errors.  Rebooted the computer, and finally ended up with working wireless and touchpad.

I had tried kernel 4.19.66 before (.66 is the newest 4.19 kernel) and wireless was working, but not the touchpad.  Seems that by deleting the kernel I originally used to get wireless to work, allowed kernel 4.19.66 to recognize the touchpad, but not the wireless, but once I applied the fix on kernel 4.19.66 I was able to get wireless working again without losing the touchpad.

Hope this make sense to someone that might have the same issue.


Is there a way to delete Windows 7 from my harddisk without having to completely reinstall Ubuntu?

Since you evidently have Windows and Ubuntu installed into separate partitions, the easiest way to get rid of Windows is probably to open GParted and reformat - or delete - just the partition containing Windows.  This will not affect your Ubuntu intallation, so there will be no need to reinstall it.  When you reboot, run

sudo update-grub

to make sure that it is updated to no longer show an option of booting into Windows 7.

So, after having done these things, you'll have a partition that used to contain Windows, and another that still contains Ubuntu.  Now, if you want to make it all one partition, you'll need to boot from the LiveCD so that you can run GParted on the Ubuntu partition, too.  You can choose to move the Ubuntu partition to the left (because it is likely your Windows partition was one of the first partitions) and expand it to include the entire hard drive.


How to force two users to autologin at boot into two separate xfce sessions?

Try to install KDE Display Manager for X11

# apt-get install -y kdm

You need to modify configuration file:

/etc/kde4/kdm/kdmrc

[X-:0-Core]
ServerVT=8
AutoLoginEnable=true
AutoLoginAgain=true
AutoLoginDelay=10
AutoLoginUser=user1
AutoLoginPass=pass1

[X-:1-Core]
ServerVT=9
AutoLoginEnable=true
AutoLoginAgain=true
AutoLoginDelay=10
AutoLoginUser=user2
AutoLoginPass=pass2

For each user you should specify the desktop manager:

# cat /home/user{1,2}/.dmrc
[Desktop]
Session=enlightenment

[Desktop]
Session=cinnamon


How to substitue Calibri Regular with Calibri ligth

Question is a little bit surprising: fonts are set by the user. So set the font to the desired font where you want to change it.
Another issue I should point out is a licensing issue. Unfortunately, the fonts you are using are not free The license of the fonts does not allow you to copy them on a linux system and use them there. Even if they "came for free" with a Windows system for which you have a license to use.
To circumvent legal issues and to hopefully have more success with the display, you could substitute the fonts you are using by free fonts from Google, that have the same font metrics as the ones you use, and are intended as a substitute font for these. It concerns the fonts Carlito and Caladea. You can install these fonts with the command
sudo apt-get install fonts-crosextra-carlito fonts-crosextra-caladea

The only reason you sometimes want "compatible" fonts is when user send you documents for collaboration that include proprietary fonts. In any other case, Ubuntu by default comes with several high quality free fonts.


Grub no such device error while USB storage device plugged in

Change your boot order in the BIOS settings to boot your internal hard drive before any removable (USB) devices.


You can easily limit the amount of processes that can be spawned in Ubuntu and most other Linux distributions by modifying /etc/security/limits.conf

sudoedit /etc/security/limits.conf

Then add this line to the bottom of that file:

*    hard     nproc     nnn

where:

hard sets the limit at the kernel level so that it cannot be changed without rebooting.
nproc is the maximum number of processes per user.
nnn is a number that you should calculate for your system by:

ps aux -L | cut --delimiter=" " --fields=1 | sort | uniq --count | sort --numeric-sort | tail --lines=1

The above command will list all processes for all users including threads, sum them up and list the user name with the largest amount of processes. To be on the safe side, open as many applications as you normally need before running the above command and then double that number for safety.

After this limit is put into place, you'll need to reboot, but it will affect each non-root user on the system. So if a fork bomb is executed by any non-root user it'll have that hard limit.

Group and wildcard limits do not apply to the root user by default.
Use the literal username root in the rules if you want to apply a rule to the superuser.

Also, if you're not looking to restart any time soon, you can use sudo ulimit -u 800 which will place the restriction only on the running session but can be easily circumvented by a fork bomb with sudo privileges!

After restart, whatever is in /etc/security/limits.conf will then be used.

Some additional information about fork bombs: They aren't malware or anything dreadful. They typically consist of something as basic as a script that calls itself twice - thereby growing its presence on the machine exponentially. Even though they have a small memory footprint given the rapid pace they multiple they quickly fill all available RAM and the machine freezes or reboots. The only danger is loosing unsaved information. I would classify a forkbomb much more as a prank than malicious software.

An important reminder:

You should rarely ever execute anything in command line when you aren't 98% certain of its action. If you can't read the commands you're executing - don't do it. This applies double to unreadable chunks of hex/base64 characters, which can be used to obscure all sorts of nastiness. If you're uncertain of a command you can always search for it's actions in the Ubuntu Manpages and be extra cautions when using sudo since that will execute as the root user.


Could not find live medium Ubuntu 12.04.3

Are you by any chance using a USB3 slot (usually colored blue) for the USB drive? I've had a few computers refuse to properly install from that. If so, try using a USB2 slot  (usually black).


Steam unable to load driver in LXC container

Have you checked this link ?

Steam not opening in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

They have the same issue as you do and this is what they suggest:

Steam uses its own libraries in order to be independent from the system's libraries. However it cannot include everything (like all drivers and more things) and the radeon drivers use the libstdc++.so file which is a newer version not compatible with the version that steam runtime includes. By deleting this file, you make it look for your system's library instead of the one steam runtime has.

Try this :

cd $HOME/.steam/steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/i386/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu
mv libstdc++.so.6 libstdc++.so.6.bak
cd $HOME/.steam/steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/amd64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
mv libstdc++.so.6 libstdc++.so.6.bak


'iptables -S' to be accessed by www-data

This is the content of your sudoers file?

www-data ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /sbin/iptables

Make sure to pass the full path of the executable.

Here is code in python:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess as sp
sp.call(['sudo', '/sbin/iptables' , '-S'])

Here is someone who encountered a similar problem in PHP:

https://serverfault.com/questions/554019/allow-www-data-to-execute-shell-script


Why doesn't Gnome 3.4.1 installed from PPA on 12.04 load?

Do you have a top task bar gnome 3 is very diffrent to gnome 2

also can you activate the app switcher by pushing your mouse to the top left corner of the desplay try it and let me know


You should install libX11-dev in this case.

Note, that the best way to compile a custom gtk package is using apt-get source and dpkg-buildpackage. Use these steps as an example.


how to Spread the windows in ubuntu 16.04?

Pressing Super+W will zoom out to display all windows. From there you may quickly select another window. Additionally pressing Ctrl+Alt and a number on the numpad allows you to quickly reposition windows.

You can also activate these commands with touchpad gestures using Easystroke. To install easystroke in 16.04, open a terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install easystroke

Or, search for it in the Ubuntu store. From there you may configure several gestures on the touchpad such as one to press Super+W. To my knowledge though, Easystroke only supports single-touch gestures and requires a button to be held to activate it.


How to extract tar.gz file without terminal

To extract a tar.gz file without the terminal, just simply,1) open the file manager, 2) navigate to the tar.gz file , 3) double click on the file , 4) either copy the contents out of the tar.gz into another folder or just click extract and select the destination from there! And that's it.. You're Done!


Does 6 month ubuntu one promotion automatically renew?

From Ubuntu One Music Streaming:

  The subscription will automatically stop after 6 months, unless you
  choose to renew it for $3.99 a month or $39.99 a year.

So the answer is "no", it will not automatically renew after the 6 month period.


php5-fpm ping and status pages error out? LimitInternalRecursion error?

I had the same problem. With lots of Google-ing and trying I figured it out.

You need to match what you setup in your virtual host with whats configured in the fastcgi.conf (of php-fpm.conf).

Furthermore its beter to use '/fpm-status' and '/fpm-ping' in the /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf config. Then you should not have conflicts with Apache's own 'status' page.

So this is my fastcgi.conf:

<IfModule mod_fastcgi.c>
    AddType application/x-httpd-fastphp5 .php
    Action application/x-httpd-fastphp5 /php5-fcgi
    Alias /php5-fcgi /usr/lib/cgi-bin/php5-fcgi
    FastCgiExternalServer /usr/lib/cgi-bin/php5-fcgi -socket /var/run/php5-fpm.sock -pass-header Authorization
    <Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
            Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
            Require all granted
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
    </Directory>
</IfModule>

And this is what I added in my Apache 000-default.conf:

<LocationMatch "/(fpm-ping|fpm-status)">
     SetHandler php5-fcgi-virt
     Action php5-fcgi-virt /php5-fcgi virtual
</LocationMatch>

If you don't limit access to your default Apache vhost you should add it in the LocationMatch for the fpt-ping and fpm-status:

     Order deny,allow
     Deny from all
     Allow from <your-IP>

To allow using php-fpm per virtual host just keep the 'standard' libphp.so and add this next lines to your virtual host to redirect all php files to the php-fpm:

    <FilesMatch ".+\.ph(p[345]?|t|tml)$">
            SetHandler application/x-httpd-fastphp5
    </FilesMatch>

Happy php-fpm'ing!!!


gnome-shell gradually blurs everything in all windows and even the tray, how to fix?

I disabled nvidia's FXAA (using nvidia settings app) based on this tip:
https://www.reddit.com/r/linux_gaming/comments/59c5a0/blurry_textvideoeverything_on_ubuntu_1604_with/
Disabled also "enhance application settings" and "override anisotropy" (just to be sure).
Til now gnome-shell is working fine again (so apparently it is a 3D desktop) :)


My Dell inspiron 1464 bluetooth adapters does not work in ubuntu 12.04 LTS

What do you get when you run rfkill list ?

Sample output (from my Acer laptop) is:

phy0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no
1: i2400m-usb:1-1.5:1.0: WiMAX
    Soft blocked: yes
    Hard blocked: no
2: hci0: Bluetooth
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no
3: acer-wireless: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no
4: acer-bluetooth: Bluetooth
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no

Secondly, on some Dell laptops (e.g. Studio 15) you have to switch the Bluetooth mode from HID to HCI using

hid2hci

You can install the tool by running:

sudo apt-get -y install hid2hci

Refer to the man file by running man hid2hci or refer to http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/jaunty/man8/hid2hci.8.html

Good luck.


Installing Ubuntu 14.04 on a F2FS partition

F2FS is not officially supported bu Ubuntu (bug #1261175) but it should work if you do a normal install, then update initrd to include the f2fs module, copy the root filesystem to a f2fs format partition, re-install grub, and reboot.

Something like (warning: untested):

Create 3 partitions: /boot=ext2 /=ext4 f2fs
Install Ubuntu /boot=ext2 /=ext4, grub on sda
Boot from hard drive
add f2fs to /etc/initramfs-tools/modules
update-initramfs
Boot from CD
mount ext4 / on /mnt/ext4
mount f2fs on /mnt/f2fs
cp -a /mnt/ext4/ /mnt/f2fs/
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/fsf2/boot
grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/fsf2
poweroff, remove CD, turn on


Keyboard layout changes to English after each reboot

I have the same problem, I think it's a  bug. You can find more info here Keyboard layout reverts at every boot

You can add a startup command to switch back to your keyboard layout like

setxkbmap ch

List of keyboard layouts here


How to get a "new email" counter/badge to the Evolution app icon on Ubuntu Dock?

Ryan Hendrickson and Milan Crha have worked on this and it is present in Evolution with version 3.29.3+. Thanks a lot!
You may have to install the package evolution-indicator if it is not installed by default, e.g. with Synaptics or in a terminal: sudo apt install evolution-indicator (Thank you Cos64 for the tip).
This new feature was not backported to Ubuntu 18.04 as expected. But Ubuntu 19.04 (and later) comes with updated Evolution (3.32.1-2) and the counter/badge works.


Executing 'grub-install /dev/sda5' failed. This is a fatal error

Grub is installed on the hard drive, not on the partition. I'm assuming you want to create a seperate partition to mount on /boot, but grub-install should be used on a drive (/dev/sda in this particular case), not on a partition.

As long as you set everything right (mountpoints, that is), grub-install will automatically detect your settings and adjust itself accordingly.


Overclock monitoring and stress testing tools in Ubuntu

http://code.google.com/p/i7z/

Does all the CPU Clock/Temp monitoring for i3, i5, and i7
You will still need tools to stress the comp.

Also check out this post http://www.overclock.net/t/1177505/checking-overclock-on-ubuntu-11-10/10#post_15893670 Manual way to check the Clock.


Why is Samba not allowing write access for AD users in a local group?

Method 1 - Change Group

Try following

chown :DOM+domain /tmp/test

Then re-test.

Method 2 - Force Group

Use samba force group to assign default group for the share

[Test]
        path = /tmp/test
        writable = yes
        follow symlinks = yes
        force group = sambashare
        valid users = DOM+user1

Method 3 - Add domain user to a domain group

This is actually a generalized method 1 and the common way in this kind of sharing

[Test]
        path = /tmp/test
        writable = yes
        follow symlinks = yes
        force group = sambashare
        valid users = @DOM+domainshare, @sambashare

Create an AD group domainshare and add any domain user needed to access the share into it.

linux user in sambashare group can access the share.


Do I remove java 12 the same way(s) I do other versions?

Per the comments (THANK YOU), I used the commands below, in this order. I didn't do any of the other steps specified in the links.

I don't know what leaving version 12 in place does, and I didn't set default for javac. (Replace 2 highlighted instances of "java" below with "javac", according to this.) But I was able to install my problem app -- Thank You again. It still gives me an error when I load it, but I'll see if the creators will help with that.

sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk [installs version 8]

update-java-alternatives --list [shows what versions are installed]

sudo update-alternatives --config java [allows to choose default]


Bash filepath on Windows 10 is incorrect

So I found out that bash stores files differently. To change the default file path, instead of trying cd ~/C:/Users/linds/Development I instead had to change my .bash_profile to cd /mnt/c/Users/linds/Development - this opens my CLI in the correct directory every time.
Tested it with mkdir test and it worked perfectly! =) Hope this helps someone else out!


How to fill a webpage form automatically from a spreadsheet?

Obviously your first choice is to use iMacros. But that's not going to have a lot to do with Ubuntu.

If this was my problem, I would sit down and write a Python script. Libraries like Mechanize and Requests make HTTP automation really simple, and for iterating through the data I'd use OpenPyXL or just export the data to something simple like CSV. If you need to process HTML as well, BeautifulSoup is awesome.

I have written similar tools in less than 50 lines of Python... And whatever the language, this is something a seasoned programmer shouldn't need more than an hour on.

There are also Macro recorders available in the repositories (both paid and free). I've no idea how well these work. Search and see.


Ubuntu 20.04 can't see newly installed SSD

Switch your disk setting in the BIOS from RAID to AHCI


Are all bookmarks saved in Ubuntu Web Browser lost?

Open the Ubuntu Web Browser and click on the + at the top - right besides the opened tab.

Now you can see all the bookmarks you saved and open one of them by clicking on the entry.

You can see in this example the bookmarked Ask Ubuntu site saved in the ubuntu sub folder.

Note : The Web Browser app is under continuous development; this is version Ubuntu 15.10.


Rename command special characters in filename

[] are special characters in Perl Regex syntax which is used by rename command. Use \ in front them. Example:

rename "s/\[|\]/_/g" *

ie:

s replace
[
| or
]
  with
_
* for all files here


Lots of broken packages after I interrupted an update process

You have some :i386 packages that should be installed as -i386:amd64 and not :i386

Run the following commands and please post any errors:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo dpkg -P libgcc1:i386 libc6:i386
sudo apt-get install libgcc1-i386 libc6-i386
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get upgrade

You might want to do a dist-upgrade but only run dist-upgrade if you know what you are doing!


Skype snap not starting, just blinks and it's closed

I have the same problem. I think that if you want to debug this issue the following link is a good place to start:

https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/snapd-not-returning-desktop-file-for-skype/4159

I have confirmed that the issue reported there still applies to version "8.18.0.6". I am not completely sure if the issue reported there is directly related with your problem but I suspect that it is. I am afraid I can not provide further clues at this point.


For this version works we recommend creating a wineprefix for the installation.

Once Milk Shape 3D is installed, then install "vcrun6" using "winetricks".

MODEL

WINEPREFIX=<PATH_TO_WINEPREFIX> winetricks -q vcrun6

EXAMPLE

WINEPREFIX=/home/user_name/.PlayOnLinux/wineprefix/ms3d winetricks -q vcrun6

NOTE: If there are problems with the approach above you can try the following...

Copy both Dll's below to the 3D Milk Shape folder (where "ms3d.exe" is):

"msvcirt.dll"

ARCH/VERSION: 32bit/6.0.8168.0
DOWNLOAD: https://www.dll-files.com/msvcirt.dll.html

"MFC42.dll"

ARCH/VERSION: 32bit/6.0.400
DOWNLOAD: https://www.dlldump.com/download-dll-files_new.php/dllfiles/M/mfc42.dll/6.0.400/download.html

Done! =D

[Refs.: https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=14679 , https://portingteam.com/topic/4019-req-milkshape-3d-184/#entry37942 ]

EXTRA:

How to register the application

MilkShape 3D has an unusual problem with its registration process. It accepts registry keys even if it is invalid. There are several sites reporting a certain procedure where we have to wait a few minutes with the application open to validate the registration key. This is a lie! Insert the key ( "Help" > "About..." > "Register" ) close and open the application. If it doesn't work, the key is wrong.

[Ref.: https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=14679 ]


How to find disk serial on raid1 system on Ubuntu 18.04

I have a script I wrote that checks the array and all the disks and the serial numbers of the disks to make it easier to find them.
The script (I call mine drive_check.bsh):
#!/bin/bash

# Check for root
if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
  echo "Please run $0 as root"
  echo ""
  echo "example:"
  echo "sudo $0"
  exit 1
fi

# Check for smartmontools
smartctl -h > /dev/null
case $? in
    1) echo "smartmontools is not installed.  Please install it with the following command:"
    echo ""
    echo "sudo apt install smartmontools"
    exit 1;;
    0) ;;
esac

#Get metadisk details for each array
awk '/: active/ {print $1}' /proc/mdstat | while read drv
do
    sudo mdadm -D /dev/$drv
done

echo ""

# Create drive array
drives=( $(smartctl --scan | awk '{print $1}') )

# Loop through array and check each drive
for ((i=0; i < ${#drives[@]}; ++i))
do
    model=$(smartctl -a ${drives[$i]} | grep -i "device model:" | awk '{print substr($0,index($0,$3))}')
    serial=$(smartctl -a ${drives[$i]} | grep -i "serial number:" | awk '{print $NF}')
    result=$(smartctl -H ${drives[$i]} | awk '/overall-health/ {print $NF}')
    echo -n "${drives[$i]} Model: $model Serial: $serial SMART: $result"
    j=$(echo ${drives[$i]} | cut -d/ -f3); echo -n " Errors: "
    grep -i error /var/log/kern.log 2>/dev/null | grep "$j," | wc -l
done

Make it an executable script then run it with sudo.
Example:
terrance@Intrepid:~$ sudo ./drive_check.bsh
/dev/md0:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Wed Dec 27 18:06:03 2017
        Raid Level : raid1
        Array Size : 484323328 (461.89 GiB 495.95 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 484323328 (461.89 GiB 495.95 GB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 2
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

     Intent Bitmap : Internal

       Update Time : Wed Oct 28 19:48:39 2020
             State : active
    Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 2
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

Consistency Policy : bitmap

              Name : Intrepid:root  (local to host Intrepid)
              UUID : f9b257fc:d64f97c7:95581e88:004e3a4b
            Events : 45438

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       2       8      161        0      active sync   /dev/sdk1
       1       8        1        1      active sync   /dev/sda1
/dev/md2:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Wed Dec 27 18:18:25 2017
        Raid Level : raid1
        Array Size : 3927040 (3.75 GiB 4.02 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 3927040 (3.75 GiB 4.02 GB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 2
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Wed Oct 28 19:48:10 2020
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 2
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : Intrepid:swap  (local to host Intrepid)
              UUID : 2cdfcb03:e5e0c30f:d68d4e20:37b50e41
            Events : 125

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       2       8      165        0      active sync   /dev/sdk5
       1       8        5        1      active sync   /dev/sda5
/dev/md1:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Tue Feb  3 01:16:55 2015
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 15627542528 (14903.59 GiB 16002.60 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 3906885632 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
      Raid Devices : 5
     Total Devices : 5
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

     Intent Bitmap : Internal

       Update Time : Wed Oct 28 18:28:07 2020
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 5
   Working Devices : 5
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K

Consistency Policy : bitmap

              Name : Intrepid:1  (local to host Intrepid)
              UUID : 3bb988cb:d5270497:36e75f46:67a9bc65
            Events : 1154191

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       81        0      active sync   /dev/sdf1
       1       8       97        1      active sync   /dev/sdg1
       2       8      113        2      active sync   /dev/sdh1
       3       8      129        3      active sync   /dev/sdi1
       5       8      145        4      active sync   /dev/sdj1

/dev/sda Model: MAXTOR STM3500630A Serial: 9QG9152W SMART: PASSED Errors: 0
/dev/sdf Model: WDC WD40EFRX-68WT0N0 Serial: WD-WCC4EJPD3EXP SMART: PASSED Errors: 0
/dev/sdg Model: WDC WD40EFRX-68WT0N0 Serial: WD-WCC4E5UZUKPY SMART: PASSED Errors: 0
/dev/sdh Model: WDC WD40EFRX-68WT0N0 Serial: WD-WCC4E3XCP660 SMART: PASSED Errors: 0
/dev/sdi Model: WDC WD40EFRX-68WT0N0 Serial: WD-WCC4E7ZRRN8U SMART: PASSED Errors: 0
/dev/sdj Model: WDC WD40EFRX-68WT0N0 Serial: WD-WCC4EJXKY26C SMART: PASSED Errors: 0
/dev/sdk Model: ST3500418AS Serial: 6VM1HTNN SMART: PASSED Errors: 0

Hope this helps!


cannot get the option to start up windows xp

Boot-Repair is a simple tool to repair frequent boot issues you may encounter in Ubuntu like when you can't boot Ubuntu after installing Windows or another Linux distribution, or when you can't boot Windows after installing Ubuntu, or when GRUB is not displayed anymore, some upgrade breaks GRUB, etc.

To install it, open a terminal, and run next commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (boot-repair &)


From my experience Microsoft Office 2007 works normally on Wine since Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (now EOL).

According to Wine AppDB MSO 2013 installs normally. You can consult these pages for detailed steps for installation.

The first step is installation of Wine or PlayOnLinux.


It seems that the following re-installation fixes the problem:
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libasound2 libasound2-data libasound2-plugins


15.10 installer: Error installing '...' - trying to overwrite '/usr/sbin/validlocale'

The problem is actually in unetbootin. If you start unetbootin from the same version as you are trying to install, there should be no problem.
I tried installing 14.04.4-LTS or 15.10 with a stick made wit unetbootin from 12.04 LTS, and I had the same error.
Since I did not have any system, I tried the Rufus-tool on Windows and that made perfect install stick....


How to find out more about encrypted partitions?

LUKS, which ubuntu uses to handle encryption, provides a way to check if a partition is a LUKS partition.

sudo cryptsetup isLuks [device]

The result is stored in the command's exit status. You can then use normal bash logic to find out the result. For example:

sudo cryptsetup isLuks /dev/sda2 && echo "Yes, it is LUKS"


I've seen a lot of other people who have problems with Universal USB Installer. For some reason, it just doesn't seem to like Ubuntu.

Instead, since you're on Windows, use Rufus. It's portable, it's free, it's small and, most importantly, it works really well.


Software to help filling out PDF that is not a form

I advise you to check all available PDF creators/editors for Linux:

Creators

OpenOffice.org: an open source office suite with built-in PDF creation.
LibreOffice.org: an open source office suite with built-in PDF creation.
Xournal: an open source program that creates PDFs.
Inkscape vector drawing program that imports and exports PDF files.
Scribus: an Open Source program for professional page layout.

Editors

PDFedit: an open source program for viewing or editing the internal structures of PDF documents
PDF Studio: proprietary software for viewing and editing PDF documents
Pdftk: can merge, split, en-/decrypt, watermark/stamp and manipulate PDF files

and choose the one that fits into your problem