I am actually quite new to Linux, so will try to explain my installation procedure that worked for me in detail, however be careful while following these instructions because i am still new to the system, and tried this procedure using trial and error. I think the actual problem for these errors are, because we are using the instruction from blogs that were created for the older versions, and haven't been updated properly since then. OK, so I will help you through the update process for the current versions (date: 27/Nov/2018). I will be explaining in detail about installing the Linux 18.04 LTS on the Dell 7559 PC with NVIDIA 960M and Intel i7 - inlet HD graphics 530 (I think this should work for 16.04LTS as well.)

Step 1: First make sure how you want to go along installing the system.

  1.As a stand alone operating system 2.Dual boot with windows (in case dual boot-use windows to make a partition for Ubuntu - around 30gb). 3.Make a boot-able USB drive containing the Ubuntu OS.

Step 2: Start your PC and press F2 during Boot, and disable secure boot* (very important - as the secure boot wont let Ubuntu install it's drivers), it advised to use UEFI over Legacy since it is more smooth and easy to access.
Should I install Ubuntu as UEFI or Legacy?
Is it safe to disable Secure Boot?

Step 3: Boot using the boot able USB ( press F12 during boot to access the USB drive).

Step 4:Once on the Grub menu page go to the "install Ubuntu" option and press e. Now you have accessed the boot parameters,here find the command/line where "quiet splash"

  (linux           /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-20-generic root=UUID=6500f497e670-460c-977b-8fad43155f12 r0 quiet splash $vt_handoff) ,

add nomodeset before quiet splashit

  (linux           /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-20-generic root=UUID=6500f497e670-460c-977b-8fad43155f12 r0 nomodeset quiet splash $vt_handoff).

Now press Ctrl X or F10 to boot grub from the updated boot
parameters.

Step 5: Now you have entered the installation GUI for Ubuntu, here follow the prompts, but is is advised not to connect to the WiFi to update, that can be done later. In the installation menu opt for Something else- to partition the hard drive by yourself. (Dual Boot: If you are going to dual boot with windows then,  use the partition made from Step 1: )

  Now, here you would have to divide the partition into four parts.

  Let the first partition be around 10gb-20gb (this amount of memory is required if you are going to use the system as machine learning environment to install the CUDA file, or else file allocation can be performed manually) for the Ubuntu files drivers and programs. Choose system type as ext4 and mount point /.
  Now allocate around 250MB for EFI Partition (system type)
  Finally allocate the remaining memory for /home
  (note-make sure the windows partition is not tampered with!)*
  Continue Installation and reboot once the installation is over.

Step 6: After the Reboot make sure you boot into the UEFI boot option ubuntu, press Esc or Shiftduring boot to enter grub, once in the grub menu follow Step 4. (note-failing to do as mentioned in this step, will cause the system to hang, or get into a login loop, after the login into the Linux system is attempted)

Step 7: Once you have entered the system, open terminal and run commands sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get upgrade. Once these two steps have been performed go to software-update application to perform auto-update by the Ubuntu system.

  Now to update the grub boot parameters permanently to solve brightness and other issues, we have to enter the grub file located at /etc/default/grub and edit it using: sudo nano /etc/default/grub

    here edit the parameters to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_backlight=vendor acpi_osi=" once done -Ctrl o Ctrl x (if you want to disable nvidia drivers loading permanently in the initial steps then follow - How do I set 'nomodeset' after I've already installed Ubuntu?)

      sudo update-grub

Step 8: Type sudo reboot in the terminal. During reboot repeat Step 6.
Now the system is setup, but is not yet ready  to use Nvidia. To start using Nvidia we would have to first install the propriety driver using:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update

  Now, do not update graphic drivers via the terminal, instead search for Software & Updates in the Ubuntu GUI. here go to the additional drivers tab. Here you will find the set of NVIDIA drivers for your system. select the nvidia-drivers-415 i think that one is the latest. (Make sure that you do not select or keep selection in Using X.Org X server - selection) The Additional drivers Tab in software & updates (image for reference)
  The installation will take a while once the installation is complete, reboot the system.
  Now it isn't necessary to perform Step 6, the Ubuntu Os should boot properly and without any error.
  If you have added nomodeset parameters to Grub, remove it in this step and keep the quiet splash parameter alone.(or else nvidia driver wont load)
  Once you have completed the login, enter the Ubuntu desktop, search for the NVIDIA Xserver application, to monitior the nvidia GPU.

For further assistance on the NVIDIA GPU (960M) - Xserver and installation verification watch - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CezzY3DGi4U

  (Note:
  1. Many installation guides require you to change the parameters in /etc/default/grub to - GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"or  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="nomodeset i915_bpo.nomodeset=1 quiet splash", this is to stop the GPU drivers from loading, hence this should be disabled.
    2.Further if you don't want to keep repeating Step 6, you can update grub to the above parameters GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"- but only till the Nvidia drivers are installed, after which you will have to update grub to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" to boot via the NVIDIA graphic driver )


I had the same issue.  Changing the location of wins in nslookup.conf did not work, or possibly only got me part of the way there. Install the package libnss-winbind to be able to find windows computers by hostname.  I tested it with and without the package installed, and it is indeed necessary for resolving any windows hostname.


I would check for anything in /var/lib/mysql, this is the data directory for MySQL.  From memory, even with purge theres a question whether to delete the data or not.

ls -lad /var/lib/mysql

I would move this directory out of the way if it exists, purge & then try install again.

mv /var/lib/mysql /root


How to add an item to desktop right-click menu?

You can do that with the "Only show in" option, try and look for it: it is available through the command line tools of nautilus-actions.

I would like to elaborate more with the GUI interface but I just can't get the Nautilus Actions Configuration Tool to work. It won't open and exits with an error of Trace/breakpoint trap, but that bug does not belong here.


Is there a The “Speak Text” feature like in Okular for a document reader in Gnome?

I have speech-dispatcher set up (not ideally yet—the documentation in a few places is a little thin), but spd-say works for me. If the command works for you, then you might try my solution. I've created two small shell scripts in ~/.local/bin named speak-selection and shutup. No matter what desktop environment or window manager I am using, I can bind these to custom keystrokes (alt-super-z and alt-super-x respectively in my case) and I should get the desired effect. I've done these both as scripts in case I ever have reason to change how they work, but also so that I could implement alternatives on other platforms and not have to change my thinking.
Here is the contents of ~/.local/bin/speak-selection:
#! /bin/sh

xclip -o | sed -e 's/^!-!/ !-!/g' -e '$a\' | spd-say -e -w

The manpage for xclip tells us that by default it reads the XA_PRIMARY selection buffer. The classic X11 behavior in xterms of being able to select text "to copy" and middle-click "to paste" is based around the XA_PRIMARY selection buffer. Most modern DEs actually want you to use the actual clipboard (XA_CLIPBOARD) instead because this notion that you have three things that can all work like a clipboard is weird, but we're taking advantage of it.
The sed command cleans up the selection buffer contents a little. There's two expressions (-e) for sed, and they:

If a line begins with !-!, what follows is interpreted as a SSIP command (change pitch, rate, volume, whatever) and I basically never want this with selection contents, so if it appears, I defang it by prepending a space.

If the last line of input does not have a newline, one is appended. Is this necessary? I'm not 100% sure. I think I added that while trying to sort out why speech was getting cut off, and I'm not sure if I added it before or after I realized I basically always wanted -w, but it doesn't seem to hurt.

Finally the result is piped to spd-say -e -w which speaks stdin and waits until speech-dispatcher is done doing that before exiting, which avoids speech getting cut off.
The contents of ~/.local/bin/shutup are trivial:
#! /bin/sh

spd-say -C

You never want to implement a "start talking" feature without a "shutup" feature. Ask any blind person who's used speech synthesis and they'll tell you it's an essential feature.


How do I install the full Compiz fusion plugin set?

This should do it:

sudo apt-get install compiz-fusion-plugins-main compiz-fusion-plugins-extra


Open Ubuntu Software Center. By default, it's on the launcher at the left of your screen. Installing software is really easy. You just select the software you want from a catalog and click Install to install it.

You can install directly from the web as well. Have a look at this: http://apps.ubuntu.com, It's not as user friendly as the software center, but it certainly works. :)


You might be better by using this PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:thomas-schiex/blender
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
Sudo apt-get install blender

I installed this on Trusty Tahr and the latest version was successfully installed:

If you also wish to see the file locations from this package simply run:

dpkg-query -L blender

More details on this aspect can be seen here...


Printer Brother MFC-7360N can't print on LAN

I have a Brother MFC-7840W printer connected over LAN. I had a similar issue where if I installed a printer using the Settings > Printer install wizard, it would detect the network printer and install it, but no print jobs would go through when the printer went to sleep.

I have got it working finally, after manually trying many combinations.  This is how I got it to work, waking up the printer and finally print my jobs:

Set up the printer to use a static ip address. Mine is at 192.168.1.10
Use Settings > Printers > Add printer to auto detect the printer on the network
Determine its print queue name, mine was called 'mfc7840w'.
Remove the auto installed printer, we only installed it to get its print queue name.
Open you web browser to this URL http://localhost:631 to access the CUPS admin pages
Click on the Administration tab
Click on Add Printer
Select LPD/LPR:
Enter this URL: lpd://192.168.1.10/mfc7840w where mfc7840w is your printer's print queue name:
Browse for your Printer's Make/Model and then click on the Add Printer button
Make any changes to the default settings and click on Set Defaults
Try printing a test page, and hopefully it will work for you.

These instructions worked on my two Ubuntu 14.04 computers (same OS but different hardware), and my OSX 10.7.5 computer!  So it has worked 3 times for me.


Installed Sandisk SSD plus in 16.04, what is uncorrectable ECC count in SMART

Your disk seems to be OK. I recommend to check SMART data with SMARTCTL.
According to Sandisk SSD Dashboard / WD SSD Dashboard (in Windows),  Attribute 234 is "Nand GB Written To SLC" . Your drive is TLC drive (i guess , number of values are same with my WD Rebranded Green SSD)
This drive have SLC and TLC portions to extend drive endurance ( check that : http://www.siliconmotion.com/A3.3_Tech_Zone.php). So Attribute 234 is amount of data written to SLC portion of drive. You can check the picture below . i included values of my healty disk so you can compare
Attribute list of TLC based Sandisk / WD SSD


How to view live file system of QEMU/KVM VM externally?

When in virt-manager you may find the path to the respective file in the configuration of the VM/disk (something like "source path"); default path is /var/lib/libvirt/images/. Find out the name of the image of the virtual disk.

Let's say the image path is /var/lib/libvirt/images/disk1.qcow2 (I suppose qcow2 format here).

First, install libguestfs-tools on the host:

sudo apt-get install libguestfs-tools

You can then mount the virtual disk by

sudo guestmount -a <image-file> -m <device> --ro /mnt

where <image-file> means the full path to the disk image and <device> the device name of the partition to mount. If you don't know the device name, you can give any name to list the valid devices, e.g.

sudo guestmount -a /var/lib/libvirt/images/disk1.qcow2 -m any --ro /mnt

This will give you something like

libguestfs: error: mount_options: mount_options_stub: any: expecting a device name
guestmount: 'any' could not be mounted.
guestmount: Did you mean to mount one of these filesystems?
guestmount:     /dev/sda1 (ext2)
guestmount:     /dev/sda2 (ext2)

To mount the first partition you have then to issue

sudo guestmount -a /var/lib/libvirt/images/disk1.qcow2 -m /dev/sda1 --ro /mnt

Now you can access the filesystem in read-only mode in /mnt.

Important: When mounting a disk of a running VM this way you must specify "--ro" which means read-only, otherwise the filesystem may be damaged.

Instead of using the name of the virtualdisk file you may enter the name of the virtual domain, if there are more than one disk. Let's say your virtual domain's name is myvm, you may issue

sudo guestmount -d myvm -m any --ro /mnt

what will give you something like

guestmount: 'any' could not be mounted.
guestmount: Did you mean to mount one of these filesystems?
guestmount:     /dev/sdb (iso9660)
guestmount:     /dev/sda1 (ext4)
guestmount:     /dev/sda2 (unknown)
guestmount:     /dev/sda5 (swap)
guestmount:     /dev/sdc1 (ext4)
guestmount:     /dev/sdc2 (unknown)
guestmount:     /dev/sdc5 (swap)
guestmount:     /dev/sdd1 (ext2)
guestmount:     /dev/sdd2 (ext2)

so now to mount /dev/sdc1 (seen from your VM's view) you can issue

sudo guestmount -d myvm -m /dev/sdc1 --ro /mnt

This should do the trick.


Is there a way to start multiple applications at once and arrange their windows?

Once upon a time, you could use a command line parameter like -geometry wxh+x+y. It looks like this is still possible, but some programs (like gnome-terminal) require --geometry instead.

Note that gnome-terminal uses units of characters; other programs generally use units of pixels.

So all you need to do is write a script that starts each program in the background with your desired geometry settings. Something like this:

#!/bin/sh

gnome-terminal --geometry 80x24+0+0 &
gnome-terminal --geometry 80x24+82+0&
google-chrome --geometry ... &
# etc.

(I'm not sure if Chrome supports this - you'll need to check)

Finally, set your script to run automatically on startup.


how to unzip .zip file and its sub directories

Hack solution:

until [ "$(find . -name '*.zip' | wc -l)" = 0 ]; do ZIP="$(find . -name '*.zip' | head -1)"; cd $(dirname "$ZIP") && unzip $(basename "$ZIP") && cd - && mv "$ZIP" "$ZIP.bak"; done

The quoting isn't perfect, so it might not work if you have spaces or other special characters in your directories or zipfiles.


Cannot access samba share on Android Device

I had the same problem here.
You need to install both GUI for managing samba shares and users and the package gksu.
After that, open the GUI SAMBA and add your user to the list of users with permission to the directory.


You should be able to press the power button to bring it out of slumber. If this does not work, you can usually do a hard power off by pressing the power button and holding it down until the computer shuts off.

If you need to, reinstall using a live CD or DVD.


Apt-get commands failing with dependency issues after upgrading from 14 to 16

Some packages got obsoleted between 14.04 and 16.04, it's a very common occurence when upgrading distros. Here's what you do:

-see if your problem packages are available for 16.04. If they are, you may wish to sudo apt-get purge those packages and then re-install them. Your packages may have different dependencies under 16.04, but since they've been installed under 14.04, they have THAT list of delendencies.

-make sure your sources.list only contain valid entries for 16.04

-you may wish to reinstall 16.04 cleanly from scratch. "Dirty upgrades" like this don't always work 100% out of the box.


What you are left with is trying to "guess" the password using a tool such as fcrackzip.

You can install it directly from the Software Center. Make sure you read the man page:

man fcrackzip

Example of usage:

fcrackzip -b -c aA1 -p foo bar.zip

In this example, you'll try to crack the password for file bar.zip. With option -b you'll perform a search using all possible combination of characters specified; with option -c aA1 you include all lower-case and upper-case letters as well as all digits; with option -p foo you set the initial password as foo (if dictionary mode instead of brute-force, foo would be the file with list of passwords).


How do I run a script/command on suspend?

I believe you can put a shell script in /etc/pm/sleep.d/ which will be run on suspend/hibernate/resume/thaw. See the pm-suspend manpage for more information.

I'd also recommend trying gnome-do from trunk (bzr branch lp:do) and seeing if this fixes it. If so, we can look at getting a targetted fix in as an SRU.


Boot hangs at Stopping userspace bootsplash

I just fixed a similar issue on my Ubuntu 20.04 desktop environment.
My issue was most likely a buggy amdgpu firmware in the latest linux-firmware package.
See my solution/workaround here.
You can verify if the linux-firmware package was updated recently to confirm whether this might be the case:
grep "upgrade " /var/log/dpkg.log

However in your case, the Radeon firmware might have an issue as well.


How can I have Windows 7 in Virtualbox recognise USB devices?

I found the solution for this. First you need to install gnome-system-tools. You can do it by typing the command
sudo apt-get install gnome-system-tools
Once finished, open user and groups from launcher. Click on manage groups --> vboxusers. Add a user and then logout and login. After that boot your guest OS and right click on the USB option as shown in the picture and choose your external storage device there

After choose the correct usb device open virtualbox --> settings--> USB and click on the + sign and you can see your USB device is added there. You should enable the USB2.0(EHCI) controller as well prior to this.

Take note that, you can use the USB only in one OS at one time. Either in your guest or in host. You can do it by uncheck/check the USB device

Issue solved!


Alternative to Unity Tweak Tool, you can use Dconf Editor which is pre-installed in 13.04.

After you open Dconf Editor, go to org > gnome > desktop > interface. Here you can see font-name, monospace-font-name, document-font-name, text-scaling-factor, etc.

To change titlebar font, you should go to org > gnome > desktop > wm > preferences where you can find titlebar-font.

You can also search for font and see all settings about fonts.


sudo: maas-import-pxe-files: command not found

I think in 12.04 the command you need is sudo maas-import-isos
 maas-import-pxe-files  is 12.10 I think.

I followed this tutorial for my 12.04 MAAS setup and it worked me


I just fixed this issue by setting the SMTP Authentication to XOAUTH2 from default PLAIN.
Goto Settings >> Configure Kmail... >> Accounts
Switch to "Sending" tab. Select the entry for smtp.gmail.com
MOdify and in Advanced tab change "Authentication" option value to XOAUTH2.


get-edid always fails, yet ubuntu detects monitor make/model in system settings

According to don-crissti:

  The human readable form [...] does not come (directly) from your EDID:
  Ubuntu uses gnome libraries underneath. libgnome-desktop decodes the
  edid
  and - via
  pnp-ids
  - converts the three-letter vendor ID [...] into a pretty name for the display.

[Source]


If I try Lubuntu and then remove it can I expect my normal Ubuntu to be safe and unchanged?

It is indeed possible to fully retain your Ubuntu desktop after removing it. But when you remove (or purge) the lubuntu-desktop after installing, chances are, the applications installed by Lubuntu will still be left behind.

Check the following question on which applications to remove to get rid of Lubuntu apps:

How to completely remove desktop?

Also, go through the entire command because it might remove applications which you might wish to keep.


How do I enable trash functionality on Samba shares?

You can follow this guide: The Official Samba HOWTO to enable the recycle VFS module.

Edit:

Online version of the section you need

Have fun ;)


How do I make the dash only show installed application without lens?

You will need to install dconf-tools, then launch and use Dconf-editor for making the change permanent

Once dconf-editor is open, use the left panel to navigate to
desktop/unity/lenses/applications

By removing the tick from
display-available-apps
the applications from Software Center will be no longer displayed in the dash.

If you want to show them again, you will have to these steps again and put the tick back. In other words ,you will not be able to enable the Suggestions again by just using the Filter of the dash.


Fixed it. Apparently Whisker Menu Plugin wasn't correctly installed on my system. I followed the following instruction from this page to reinstall it correctly:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gottcode/gcppa
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin
$ xfce4-panel --restart


How do I enable night mode in display of Xubuntu?

The following instructions will not enable gnomes night mode. But will allow a nearly indistinguishable effect.

Install redshift

sudo apt-get install redshift redshift-gtk

Edit GeoClue's config

sudo nano /etc/geoclue/geoclue.conf

Append the following lines to /etc/geoclue/geoclue.conf

[redshift]
allowed=true
system=false
users=

Configure redshift

Example of a manual config, for Copenhagen, Denmark. See Redshift homepage for an additional config example. Comment out or change the latitude and longitude for you location.
nano ~/.config/redshift.conf

[redshift]
temp-day=6500
temp-night=3700
location-provider=manual

[manual]
lat=55.7
lon=12.6


Ugly fonts in 12.10 even with antialiasing turned on

Make sure you have the ubuntu-desktop package installed. It contains, among other things, the ubuntu-settings package, which includes the default font settings.

If you have it installed and the fonts still look ugly, you can try resetting the configurations of Unity:

How do I reset GNOME to the defaults?

Here's the default font settings for 12.10:


How do I remove "apps available for download" from 11.04

This is Canonical design, and they have idea how it should be used. You probably won't be able to remove this feature. Except if someone makes hack.


Icons on the panel and launcher are the wrong color

It seems to me that you have to change theme and that will solve your problem. Black panel icons are usually used for light colored panels. The icons in the launcher depend on the theme you are using. To change it right click on the desktop, choose "Change Desktop" then click on tab with Theme. There is a button which will allow you to change icons scheme.


mkdir: cannot create directory ‘.tmp_3983’: Permission denied Kernel version parse failed! - I'm trying to install wifi backports

You cannot create directories in the kernel source tree because the files in /usr/src are all owned by the superuser (root).
I tried the following modification to the script in your other question:
tar zxvf backports-20151120.tar.gz # like original
cd backports-20151120 # like original
sudo rsync -axvH /usr/src/linux-headers-`uname -r` /usr/src/linux-headers-`uname -r`.backup # make a backup copy first
sudo chown -vR $USER /usr/src/linux-headers-`uname -r` # change ownership of all kernel headers
make defconfig-wifi # resume script

Now, this fails with the same Generating local configuration database from kernel ...Kernel version parse failed! but without the cannot create directory errors.
The backport you're trying to install follows this script which was created in 2016; are you sure you need to build the kernel? (My stock install has firmware for the QCA9377):
ls -lR /lib/firmware/ath10k/QCA9377/


Ubuntu server 18 problem with display manager - can't see GDM properly

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-disable-wayland-and-enable-xorg-display-server-on-ubuntu-18-04-bionic-beaver-linux It looks like it helped me and now I can see logon screen properly.
Configure GDM3:

As a privileged administrator user use your text editor to perform the
following changes of the GDM3 custom configuration file
/etc/gdm3/custom.conf.
From:
#WaylandEnable=false ```

To:

```none WaylandEnable=false ```

By uncommenting the above line your system will use the Xorg display
manager instead of Wayland next time it boots. Reboot your system to
apply the changes.


I had the same issue when updating from ubuntu 16.04 to ubuntu 18.04, I did the following to solve the issue :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:teejee2008/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ukuu

ukuu is for ubuntu kernel update utility
After that you can run ukuu with a GUI to install the last stable kernel version

Disclaimer : I paraphrased this answer (https://askubuntu.com/a/1063311/863280) since I don't have enough rep to link it as a comment, but it resolved the issue I had


Is it possible to still see old windows 7 documents?

This depends on what you selected during Ubuntu installation. At some point a dialogue similar to this one should have been shown:

If you selected the first option, then your documents are still there. As Luis posted, in that case you should simply be able to access the Windows partition in Nautilus.

If however you selected the second option, that deletes "all of your Windows programs, documents, photos, music, and all other files", then your old documents are no longer accessible, and were possibly already overwritten, so that even professional data recovery companies will no longer be able to restore them.

If you chose the third option, you partitioned manually and you should remember what you did with the Windows partition...


I have no expirence with duel graphics cards, but my computer did a wrong resolution on second monitor when i did mirror and the close window and activities menue were unacessable.

to fix it, i put it on single display on the secondary monitor, as my computer's resolution was non-native to the tv, it let me choose the tv's resolution when it only displayed there. i use an intel graphics card btw.

if your desktop icons only show on 1, you may have it on extend display.

as for the intel never working, try rebooting with the graphics card you want on extended display selected, then do the same when you want to switch back. it may make it primary for that boot session, no garentee on this part as i only have a one graphic card laptop


Not Able To Install Ubuntu With Windows 7

You already have the max of four primary partitions.  You need to backup the 4th partition (the "workspace"), and convert it to an extended partition, which may contain many logical parittions, which are fine for Ubuntu.  Tools like Partman may allow conversion in place, but I have no experience with them.  The brute force way is to delete the last primary partition (after the backup of course), recreate it as an extended, make a logical ntfs partition to restore the backup, and make additional partitions for root and swap in the remaining space.  I usually make the partitions I want before the installation, but the installation tools should allow you to partition with the "something else" option.


Letters in native mode seem too small on my monitor

I downloaded Nvidia drivers (proprietary) and changed the Hz of the monitor to 60 from the Nvidia Panel,that was the problem. Thank you all.


At last I reinstall WSL and Ubuntu and all errors gone.
Thanks to all.

Hope this post will be helpful in future


I found out the solution: just rename the Quick Connect appearing in the TextBox to your favorite name, and it is done!


If I had to do this, I'd pick a terminal emulator like Terminator and write a new plugin. I might have to hack how that all worked but it should be possible for Terminator to pick up the text and then, using what it knows about the shell environment, present a GTK3 menu for picking.

The only other way I can think of to thoroughly handle this is to write your own shell replacement. Something that wraps around bash (et al) and handles mouse involvement. There are things out there like PyScreen that do this  but there's nothing out there that does what you want directly. Proxying terminals is also a recipe for render bugs. Even mature things in this space (eg screen) occasionally mess things up.

More than anything, neither of these is 20 minute exercise. The plugin would take me hours, the shell would likely take days to get right. I'd probably push back on whomever was telling me to do this and say it's an uneconomical use of my time.

If I just wanted this for myself, I'd probably just write a little br command that listed the branches and allowed me to pick. There are examples out there but I won't present any one as the best solution. They're all a compromise on what you wanted.

https://github.com/XanderStrike/branch-picker
https://gist.github.com/alexbbt/ec6719b60a6f9f17c35aabe4239b145a


Is it safe to upgrade appstream if APT has kept it back?

As per apt show appstream, version 0.10.16-1 of appstream breaks versions of gnome-software below 3.22.5-1, and the version of gnome-software in Xenial is 3.20.1. Hence, this version of appstream cannot be installed on a Xenial system together with gnome-software.

By the way, this seems like a good time to remember that backports are supposed to be installed manually on an as-needed basis. Although you can enable automatic installation of backports, you do so at your own risk, as it can cause issues like the one you are seeing now.


Stuck at homescreen after new installation

I am having the same problem since installing 14.04, except the mouse and keyboard work fine until you log into your desktop. When I put password in then the problem happens. There is a work around, if your force it to go into recovery mode while booting up it will allow you to use mouse and keyboard. The screen size is not correct but at least it will allow you to run. Mouse and keyboard work fine before you get into your desktop, definitely an Ubuntu 14.04 problem as new installation. Have another computer that is dual booted and it does not have the mouse problems. Updated that from 12 though, not new install.

Any help with this problem would be appreciated.

Update on above answer I have SOLVED this issue by using the updater icon in system settings. Appears hat the problem is related to the settings that Ubuntu uses on its original install. The settings did not update with Canonical updates and also propitiatory drivers.

I don't know what the problem was but making the changes allowed everything to work without problems. Now it is very enjoyable to use.


Password required for ubuntu core on raspberry Pi3 after configuration (ssh login)

Your ssh keys have to be present, in the proper location, on the computer you are using to remotely login to the Pi and/or installed in the application you are using to login. If this is not the case you'll be asked for a password -- which does not exist.


Install the "dconf-editor" and then use it to search for "lock".

In particular, you might want to look at the setting for "/org/gnome/desktop/screensaver/ubuntu-lock-on-suspend." That one is default to true and I have it set to false on my computer. I have no problems coming out of suspend and avoiding the password input screen.

Hopefully that is the culprit. It was a while ago that I went through dconf to configure all the settings I have on my machine. Good luck!


Xdotool to move terminal window to new Workspace / Desktop

In Xterm and Kitty, which set the window ID variable,
xdotool set_desktop_for_window "$WINDOWID" 2

Other terminals:
id=$(xdotool getactivewindow)
#Sleep...
xdotool set_desktop_for_window "$id" 2

Use case is that I want the window to popup as a reminder on workspace 2 where I'm working.

Gxmessage's -sticky option maps the window to all workspaces.
gxmessage -sticky "Reminder"


Will installing Ubuntu on the C drive delete data on the D and E drives?

During installation from a USB stick, select a partition for the Ubuntu Installer to know where to install. Only the place you select will be overwritten. If you select the C: drive, D: and E: will be unaffected.

Best you click "Something Else" to create or select the partitions you want. If these D: and E: are physical hard drives, it is wise to remove them if you are not entirely confident you will do the right thing during installation.


sudo dmidecode --type memory should show you if your hardware supports dual channel (look at Locator / Bank Locator for dual channel motherboards it will say something like ChannelA-DIMM0 ChannelB-DIMM1 etc.
But that does not show if the ram is working at a particular bandwidth. From what I read here the only way I know is to run memtest86 and look at the Mode 64, 128, 196, 256bit for single, dual, triple and quad channel


Upgrading kubuntu: error trying to overwrite package

Did some research and here is something you can try

sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/libjpeg-progs_1%3a9b-1_amd64.deb

Then after run

sudo apt-get install -f

to see if there are any errors


How to move windows when the top is hidden?

Press and hold the alt key, then click-and-drag a window using the left button of your mouse.

If alt fails, try with super (usually the key with Windows logo).


unity-greeter resolution will not change

Try out that you replace the line
xrandr --display Virtual1 --primary --mode 1920x1200

with
xrandr --output OUTPUT_NAME --primary --mode 1920x1200

or, better, with
xrandr --output OUTPUT_NAME --primary --preferred

in your script, where the possible values for OUTPUT_NAME can be obtained via
xrandr -q

This command will also return detailed information about the connectivity status and the available modes for each output. To list the names of connected outputs only, enter
xrandr -q | grep -e '\( \)connected' | awk -F' ' '{ print $1 }'

Some explanation based on man xrandr:

--display DISPLAY_NAME selects the X display to use. Note, however, that this refers to the X screen abstraction, not the monitor (or output). [This could be the reason why your script does not work as intended.]

--output OUTPUT_NAME selects an output to reconfigure. Use either the name of the output or the XID.

--primary sets the output as primary.

--preferred selects the preferred mode for the output specified beforehand.

If the above fix does not work, it is worth trying the alternative
[Seat:*]
greeter-setup-script=/etc/lightdm/screen-resolution

hook in your configuration file. Also, in some cases, it might be necessary to explicitly transfer the ownership of the script file to LightDM. This can be done via
sudo chown lightdm:lightdm /etc/lightdm/screen-resolution

(In your case this last step is probably irrelevant, since according to your observation LightDM can already execute the script.)

If you are using a multi-monitor setup (or a laptop with a docking station), you are probably better off with a slightly more elaborate script that can recognize whether the intended primary display is connected and act accordingly. See, e.g., here.


The Ctrl+C shortcut used to cancel processes in the terminal is not a bash shortcut, but relates to the tty, as it is a shortcut for one of the signals (SIGINT in this case) that can be sent to processes which are active in the terminal. As noted in this discussion by Wildplasser,

  It is the terminal (driver) that intercepts the ^C and translates it to a signal sent to the attached process (which is the shell).

For more on how SIGINT and other POSIX signals are handled, see this in depth article.

As a note, Bash shortcuts like Ctrl+A (to move to the beginning of the line) and others are managed by the readline library; current bindings can be shown by bind -P; see man bash and man readline, or the Ubuntu manpages online. However, even if you also had Ctrl+C set using readline or in your .inputrc, the tty set Ctrl+C would still override it.

However, you should check whether you have changed any keyboard shortcuts in gnome terminal. Go to the menu and click edit > keyboard shortcuts as if you have made one of those Ctrl+C that would override the tty Ctrl+C.

To check current tty bindings run stty -a, which lists, for example,

intr = ^C; quit = ^\; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = M-^?; eol2 = M-^?;
swtch = M-^?; start = ^Q; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W; lnext = ^V;

In order to clear the current binding for the interrupt signal (intr), first run:

stty intr ^- and only then run stty intr ^C to reassign the shortcut.

Make sure you use an upper case C, as this is very important. This is the way to reset the shortcut, but if this still doesn't work you may need to put stty intr ^C in a file and have it read at startup of the terminal, as I discuss in a related answer here.

More general information about Ctrl+C is available in these two Stackoverflow articles:

why-linux-always-output-c-upon-pressing-of-ctrlc
how-does-ctrl-c-terminate-a-child-process


Have you tried setting up the displays as 2 separate x-screens you can run sudo nvidia-settings in terminal, choose the second option down on the left, I would think that might be useful for you.

Also if the laptop is old it may not support or have the power to display at 1920x1080, especial if it uses Intel gma graphics.


I fixed the problem by updating my BIOS. Last time I checked there wasn't any update.


Jitsi not logging to asterisk from ubuntu with SIP

I think I solved it by specifying nat=yes in asterisk.


The first thing that I would try and do would be to log into Safe Mode into Windows and verify that you have activated the version of Windows or in this case Vista.  If your sister did not have an access key after installing Vista she has 30 days to input a valid key.

This could be as simple as making sure you have an Internet connection, then search for Activate Windows and as long as every thing is good (product key, etc.) you will have full functioning Windows.  However, my recommendation would be to burn an ISO of Ubuntu on a CD (Live CD), boot off the Live CD and drop Vista.  I made the switch 4 months ago and I love every minute of it!


'Permission denied' when I cd into any folder

You probably where the victim of a prank, possibly done by your coworkers or someone who had access to your machine.

Bash functions can shadow the original shell built-in commands as you could see as you did type -a cd. It has shown you that it first found a function which is possibly declared somewhere.

cd is a function
cd ()
{
    echo "-bash: cd: $1: Permission denied"
}
cd is a shell builtin

From this output you can see that somewhere someone declared a shell function called cd which shadows now the shell built-in command cd. In some cases something like this might be useful to make commands more versatile or implement extra functionality, but in this case it was been done with ill intend (my guess). This could have been done in several places on the system:

/etc/bash.bashrc
/etc/profile
any file in /etc/profile.d/
/etc/environment
~/.bashrc
~/.profile
~/.bash_aliases
any other file which gets executed or sourced from those files

One possible way to find this maybe is doing a recursive grep search in /etc/ and in /home/:

grep -r 'bash: cd: $1: Permission denied' /home/*
sudo grep -r 'bash: cd: $1: Permission denied' /etc/*

Which might yield an output like that:

$ grep -r 'bash: cd: $1: Permission denied' /home/*
/home/videonauth/.bashrc:    echo "-bash: cd: $1: Permission denied"

In this example the line or function seems to be in ~/.bashrc which you can see by the path leading the grep output. Depending how sufficient the whole thing is hidden this might or might not yield a result. There are other ways to hide such a function declaration which may not be so easy to find.


Ah, silly me - the answer was a pretty dumb mistake.

I had unknowingly had "Save session for future logins" checked, which when I logged out saved having chrome and gmusicbrowser open, thus causing every login afterwards to automatically open these programs.

Solved this by closing everything, checking "Save session for future logins", and logging out. Logged back in, and nothing opened!


Install the latest version of the Adobe Reader in Ubuntu or wine

There are many decent pdf readers available for a Linux system these days, my own personal favourite being Okular. However if you are really keen it is still possible to install Adobe Reader X1 (version 11.0.08) under Ubuntu Xenial Xerus 16.04 using wine. It just takes a little bit of finesse :).

The following steps are required:

1. Install wine:

Run the following command in a Terminal window to install wine and a few extra applications:

sudo apt-get install wine cabextract p7zip unrar unzip wget zenity

Once this rather hefty download is done you will need to set a 32 bit prefix for wine to use, necessary for the Adobe Acrobat to work properly. First back up any default wine configuration and then create the prefix:

mv ~/.wine ~/.wine_bak
WINEARCH=win32 WINEPREFIX=~/.wine32 winecfg

With winecfg open make sure that it is set to 'Windows XP', this has been tested as giving the best performance with the Acrobat Reader.

2. Update winetricks:

You will need to install the most modern version of winetricks. Use the following commands in a Terminal window to accomplish this:

sudo apt-get remove winetricks
wget  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Winetricks/winetricks/master/src/winetricks
chmod +x winetricks
sudo mv -v winetricks /usr/local/bin

Then download a needed file with the following command, which you will note is using our new 32 bit wine prefix:

WINEARCH=win32 WINEPREFIX=~/.wine32 winetricks mspatcha

3. Download and install the reader:

Now to download the required reader with the following single command:

cd $HOME/Desktop && \
wget --progress=dot --tries=10 \
https://ardownload2.adobe.com/pub/adobe/reader/win/11.x/11.0.08/en_US/AdbeRdr11008_en_US.exe

and finally install the downloaded Reader to the wine 32 bit prefix directory

cd $HOME/Desktop && \
WINEARCH=win32 WINEPREFIX=~/.wine32 wine AdbeRdr11008_en_US.exe

4. Running the reader:

When the reader first loads select the option "Always open with Protected Mode Disabled" seen in the first screen. Then for the most part you should be set although I have not extensively tested all available options.

Below is a screenshot of the Acrobat Reader running on my own 16.04 system:

5. Cleaning up:

During the installation there are 2 extraneous files created which you can either ignore or delete:

~/.wine is needlessly created again, if you have no use for this run the following command:
mv ~/.wine_bakk
A non-functioning desktop link is created, remove this with the following command:
rm "$HOME/Desktop/Adobe Reader XI.lnk"

Notes:

6.5.3 How do I create a 32 bit wineprefix on a 64 bit system? Canonical information on how to set a 32 bit prefix on a 64 bit system.
How do I get the latest version of winetricks on Ubuntu? My own question and answer on updating winetricks which I have pillaged for this question!
Setting variables: Depending on your other usage of wine you could cement the variables used in this guide by placing the following variables in ~/.bashrc with your favourite text editor:

export WINEPREFIX=~/.wine32
export WINEARCH=win32

and then running the command: source ~/.bashrc. I have left this advice in 'Notes' as this brief guide seemed complex enough already :).


How to un-install the Mac OSX Lion Theme

This theme seems to have multiple components to it, but here are the basics:

First, go to System Settings>Appearance, and choose Ambiance as the theme (this will reset the theme).

Next for the Apple Logo (if you installed this) to return to the default logo, you need to reinstall Unity.
To do this, run: sudo apt-get install --reinstall unity unity-common in a terminal.

You can disable Cairo-Dock in your start up applications, or simply uninstall it if you choose.

Finally, you can remove the theme's files from ~/.themes and ~/.icons.


How to give read and wite access to root group and others on automount for vfat filesystem?

Finally, after researching more, I've found out that the following edit needs to be made in /etc/fstab:

UUID=70F7-0C26 /media/eHDDs/Transcend vfat nofail,auto,user,umask=0000,iocharset=utf8 0 0

umask to give read and write access to all users and iocharset to allow proper encoding-decoding of characters.


gammu and other gsm* software fails to communicate with usb modem

Turned out there is one more (unused) software managing the modem: ModemManager.

As per this answer https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/97242/how-to-send-at-commands-to-a-modem-in-linux I disabled ModemManager.

After systemctl disable ModemManager gammu can now identify my modem:

Device               : /dev/ttyUSB0
Manufacturer         : MTK1
Model                : MTK2 (MTK2)
Firmware             : 0.3.9
IMEI                 : 35562105*******
SIM IMSI             : 24701050*******

There seems to be plenty of (sometimes apparently competing) services trying to service the same devices in newest Ubuntus. I had the same kind of trouble with my DNS settings, which get kept overwritten by NetworkManger, then systemd resolved and both ignoring what I had in netplan.


Install activemq :

sudo apt-get install activemq


From the comments:

  Rufus author here. You will only be asked to download the Syslinux files if they don't already exist. If you used an ISO with the same version of Syslinux, Rufus will not ask you to download them again. In other words, you can safely ignore the part where Rufus asks you to download extra files, if it doesn't prompt you to.

Summary: That behaviour is normal and not an error, just an oversight in the tutorial.


How to find out the regional code of a DVD in Ubuntu?

It should be somewhere on the DVD casing if it has a region lock (not all DVDs have them).

If you have the DVD inserted and start VLC from command line it will show it. Example output:

libdvdread: Encrypted DVD support unavailable.
************************************************
**                                            **
**  No css library available. See             **
**  /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/README.css     **
**  for more information.                     **
**                                            **
************************************************
libdvdnav: DVD disk reports itself with Region mask 0x00fd0000. Regions: 2
libdvdnav: Language 'en' not found, using 'fr' instead
libdvdnav: Menu Languages available: fr

from an DVD of Elfenlied.


Grub menu broken after deleting one version of Ubuntu, boot repair for other Ubuntu fails

I was able to fix it by installing Ubuntu 19.10 on a different partition, which then - during it's installation - did repair and update the grub.


Which file has basic commands features such as rm, cd etc.?

whereis command tells you where the binary and all documentations are located of a command.  But not all commands have some binary that is invoked whenever they are executed. Some commands are shell built-in. Since Ubuntu uses bash as its default shell, these Bash Builtins are present.

The easiest way to determine whether a command is an alias or invokes some binary or is a command provided by the shell, is using type (which itself is also a shell built-in command) with -a option.

For example, if you use

whereis cd

You'll observe that there is no output which may convince you that cd is some magical thing which isn't present in /usr/bin. But cd is a shell built-in command. And if you run

type -a cd

You'll get

cd is a shell builtin

If you try it yourself, you'll find that rm does have a binary in  /bin.

But there are some exceptions. echo is the example.

If you run

type -a echo

You'll get

echo is a shell builtin
echo is /bin/echo

That means there is both an echo shell built-in command and an external command in /bin/echo. The reason is described in Eliah Kagan's answer and muru's answer.

ls is another exception. By default ls is an alias to ls --color=auto as well. The output of type -a ls will look like:

ls is aliased to `ls --color=auto'
ls is /bin/ls

This alias is defined in ~/.bashrc. If this alias is "unaliased", ls would invoke the binary located in /bin.


How to extract a  list of  all devices that were connected to my PC before?

lsusb should give you a good idea.

There are variants on that (like adding the -v flag to that) or alternative that do roughly the same job like sudo lshw which covers all hardware.


Was using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, working fine. now have only Grub prompt. What do I do now ?

If it is a grub rescue prompt, it is likely that grub cant find what is supposed to be booting. If it is just a generic grub prompt then it is likely something in boot files is messed up.

If you have a boot-cd that takes you into linux, I would suggest booting using that. mounting the drive under /mnt/my_drive, and running a chroot enviroment. the outline basics are bellow...

These commands require you to run them as a root/superuser, the prefered way to do this is prefix the commands with sudo , (alternatively you can use a root shell, created through running sudo -s). Which ever option you choose, beware, you can cause a lot of damage to your system using root, so use it with caution and sparingly.

sudo mkdir /mnt/my_drive

assuming your main partition is sda2

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/my_drve

then bind the /dev /proc /sys over to your hard drive

sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/my_drive/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/my_drive/proc

sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/my_drive/sys

then move into a chroot environment

sudo chroot /mnt/my_drive /bin/bash

check that any package installations are configured

sudo dpkg-reconfigure -a

finally run the grub-install to repair the drive in question, often /dev/sda

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

and finally

sudo update-grub


Not enough free disk space when upgrading

Note: this answer is meant to be more of an 'explanation' than providing the best/easiest way to remove old kernels. For the best/easiest way to remove old kernels, please review the other answers.

Okay, so from the output of /etc/fstab you posted, it seems that your /boot is mounted on a separate partition, and from the output of df -h, that partition is full. This is because there are old kernels installed that are not needed; you can tell that by looking at the output of dpkg -l | grep linux-image that you posted, where you can see more than one "linux-image" with different versions. We need to remove the old versions.

First, I want you to run the command uname -r in a terminal, this will show you the kernel version you are currently using. We never want to remove that kernel version. The command will say something like this 3.5.0-26-generic. Take a note of that number, 26! The following commands will assume that that's the kernel you're running.

The command to remove an old kernel version is:

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-x.x.x-xx-generic

...where the x characters are numbers. So, in your case, because you have a lot of old versions (17, 18, 19, etc...), we would have to run this command for each of the versions, like this:

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.5.0-17-generic
sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.5.0-18-generic
sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.5.0-19-generic

...and so on. But, there's a way to do all of this through one command. The command is this (DO NOT RUN THE COMMAND YET! Read the following. ):

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.5.0-{17,18,19,21,22,23,24}-generic

This command will remove the versions mentioned in the brackets. I didn't include versions 25, 26 and 28 because of the following reasons:

Didn't include 26 obviously because that is the kernel version you are currently running! That's the version we got from the command uname -r, remember? We never want to remove that!
Didn't include 28 because that's the one that your upgrade was trying to upgrade to (you can tell that from the iF status next it, meaning that it's "half configured").
Didn't include 25 because it is usually good practice to leave at least one old version. So since you're running 26, we'll keep 25, so we won't include it in the command above.

So if the last number in uname -r is 26 (or 28, or even 25), then it's safe to run the above command. Enter your password when prompted, and type y when asked. This will show a bunch of lines, and will eventually go back to the command prompt (in your case, matty@matty-G41M-ES2L:~$), hopefully without errors. When it's done, do df -h and look at the last line, the one that starts with /dev/sda1. You should find that it now has more space, and that the percentage used is less than 100% like it was before. You can now proceed with your update again.


nm-applet reports "No network devices available" - how to fix?

Seems to be kernel issue.

I have rebooted with previous 4.4.0-138-generic kernel and network is working again.

So I removed the 4.15 kernel with

sudo apt-get purge $(dpkg -l | grep 4.15 | grep linux | awk '{print $2}')
sudo rm -rf /lib/modules/4.15.0-33-generic

to prevent future unpredictable behavior.

After reboot all network devices were recognized successfully.


Create a service in linux using shell script

I have a feeling that you only mention "service" because on Windows it's possible to configure a service to auto-restart when it crashes. I even think it wouldn't be easy to make an arbitrary "game application" to work as a service on Windows because services run with limited privileges.

If you need a script which auto-restarts an application if the latter exits with a non-zero error code (i.e. when it crashes), check Anycorn's answer to a similar question on stackoverflow. It's very simple and it does not involve any services.

If you want step-by-step instructions, here what I would do:

create a directory called bin in your home folder:

mkdir ~/bin

create a script "startgame" in that directory:

touch ~/bin/startgame

open it in a text editor:

gedit ~/bin/startgame

enter the following text:

#!/bin/bash
while [ 1 ]; do /path/to/game/executable && break; done

save the file;

set executable bit on it:

chmod +x ~/bin/startgame

execute the script by typing in the terminal

startgame

All of the above can be achieved without terminal - i.e. create a folder using Nautilus, create a file, make it executable; create a desktop shortcut etc.

If you're interested how the script works:

while [ 1 ]; do ... done

is an infinite loop

/path/to/game/executable

starts the application and waits for it to finish (obvously, you need to change it to the actual path of your application)

command1 && command2

executes command1 and then executes command2 only if command1 terminated with a zero return code (which indicates success). I.e. the loop will only stop ('break' statement) if the program terminated without an error, otherwise it'll be restarted.


Wine/Orbiter Performance Issues on Kubuntu

Just a suggestion but try setting the default program to open exes to wine windows program loader, and then click on it. If you're using the terminal, it might make orbiter lag, although I don't know why it would do that.


How to create virtualenv in Ubuntu 18.04

As pointed out by this comment  by karel.

The answer to your question is actually in your question:

__The virtual environment was not created successfully because ensurepip is not available.
On Debian/Ubuntu systems, you need to install python3-venv package using the following command.

apt-get install python3-venv

You may need to use sudo with that command.

To clarify, simply issue the command sudo apt-get install python-3-venv or sudo apt install python-3-venv either of which will install the python-3-venv package, provided of course that you've enabled the universe repository first.

After installing the python3-venv package, recreate your virtual environment.__

Good programmers will often provide hints or outright solutions to problems that are likely to occur. This is an example of the latter.


How can I get a network applet in MATE panel?

The problem was that I removed the notification area. This includes the volume indicator, the network applet and the battery status. The solution is simple:

Add the notification area to your panel. You do so by right-clicking on the panel, "Add to Panel..." and choosing Notification Area:

This gives you the network manager applet (nm-applet), the sound / volume chooser and the battery indicator.


is there a way to create graphs for IO on server

You could use dstat like this:

dstat --time --disk --output disk-stats.csv 60

this will write disk activity into the disk-stats.csv file every 60 seconds


Installing 14.04 Server to exisiting btrfs subvolume

disclaimer

I've never used btrfs RAID. The solution is tested only on single-volume btrfs root partitions

Make sure, there are no /@ and /@home subvolumes on the candidate for root.
Launch the Ubuntu installer, and choose something else when it asks you about disk partitioning.
Mark your btrfs partition as root filesystem, but don't let the installer reformat it.
Arrange all the other partitions as you like. I always choose to use external /boot partition on gpt systems, so I can later migrate into something more advanced (e.g. bcache) or whatever. (On gpt you can have as many partitions as you want, so I see no real drawback of using dedicated /boot.)
Finish the installation.

The installer will make the @ and @home subvolumes for you. Later you can rename them into something different - just be sure you also update the new name on both /etc/fstab and /boot/grub/grub.cfg.

Tested on Ubuntu 14.04, Mint 16, Mint 15, Ubuntu 13.10 and Ubuntu 13.04.


How to cleanup a virus from a pen drive using ubuntu and recovering hidden files

To the best of my knowledge none of the linux (Ubuntu) antivirus tools will remove viruses from infected files. The only options ate to delete or quarantine the files. You can not remove the virus from infected files to clean the files in any way.

Your best option is to identify the virus or viruses or other malware and then Google search for recovery options.

One of many tools is clamav. For information on how to use clamav see

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ClamAV

How to quarantine or delete infected files with ClamAV?


Running modelsim without the using vsim command

You can create a launcher file to place in /usr/share/applications (for all users) or in ~/.local/share/applications (only for you). Use your favorite text editor to create the file (I'd say you call it vsim.desktop) and paste the following content:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=<Name of your program>
Comment=<Description of your program, can be omitted>
Exec=<path to executable>
Icon=<path to icon file or icon name in system icon cache>
Terminal=false
Categories=<categories your program belongs to, semicolon separated>

For ModelSim, I'd choose Categories=Development;. If you want to be able to open files directly with modelsim, define Exec and TryExec like this:

Exec=<path to executable> %U
TryExec=<path to executable>

After the system notices the new launcher file, it will be available in the application menu, if it doesn't contain syntax errors. Best relog for that.


How do I check how much physical RAM I am using in GB or MB format?

In a terminal type free -to.

Quick and easy.


Fix your first error:

linux-headers-amd64 should be linux-headers-generic

Fix your second error with:

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.l /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list

Fix your third error with:

Edit /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf and remove the leading " from line 8 that contains "options" (same for the end of that line, if it exists).


Unable to view logs of a running application

Not all applications produce a log. However, you can obtain some output from the kazam process by adding the --debug switch and launching it via the terminal.

Source:

https://github.com/aaae/kazam


When installing it you probably provided a password for the root user (there should be a dialog asking for it), so in order to use the mysql client you would typically run the following command

mysql -u root -p

where -u is the user you want to use and -p is and indication to mysql to show you a prompt asking for root's password.

For your second part of your question, if you want to completely remove mysql you should first remove the packages

sudo apt purge mysql-server

but before reinstalling, you need also to delete the /var/lib/mysql and everything under it.


I installed libnetcdf with linuxbrew, and linked libnetcdf.so.7 to libnetcdf.so.6. It works well on my Ubuntu 14.04 so far.

After linuxbrew has been installed and updated properly, install libnetcdf with

brew install homebrew/science/netcdf

then create the symbolic link with

ln -s $HOME/.linuxbrew/lib/libnetcdf.so.7 $HOME/.linuxbrew/lib/libnetcdf.so.6

and add its folder to your path variable with

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$HOME/.linuxbrew/lib


I've got absolutely no experience with the Wacom tablet but looking through many sites it is supported well in Ubuntu and can be configured to do many things.

One of the most comprehensive sites to look at is the Ubuntu Community Wiki page for the Wacom tablet - it has many useful suggestions and workarounds as well as links to forums and other sites for development of the drivers in Ubuntu to support the tablet.


Follow these steps to Setup the GRUB Menu:

Boot into Windows OS.
Right click on "Start" and choose Command Prompt (Admin) to open command prompt. Or search for Command Prompt and run it as administrator.
On the prompt window, run the command:

bcdedit /set "{bootmgr}" path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi

and hit the Enter key

Once done, restart your system. You will start getting the GRUB menu. Thereafter, whenever you wish to switch between the OS, just reboot the system and select your preferred OS from the grub menu.


Network printer no longer printing anything other than Test Page

This seems to be an issue with Inkscape instead.

I removed and added the printer to the OS again. After which, printing from inkscape would make the printer warm up, and then not print anything.

If I export an inkscape SVG document and print the resulting PNG file with GIMP, the printer would actually print.

So this was a case of Inkscape not being able to print, although it would generate jobs in the queue, and would make the printer warm up.


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS freezes often when browsing

The problem could be that the default open source driver is insufficient or ineffective for the machine.

Switch over from open source driver Xorg to proprietary drivers.

Under Software & Updates, go to Additional Drivers, and select both proprietary drivers(One in NVIDIA Corporation and one in Unknown).

'Using NVIDIA binary driver - version 384.90 from nvidia 384 (proprietary, tested)' and 'Using Processor microcode firmware for Intel CPUs from intel-microcode (proprietary)' are the two drivers to be selected. You might have a different driver that's proprietary under NVIDIA Corporation.

Apply changes and enter sudo reboot in terminal. This solved my problem.

In this picture, I have switched from open source to proprietary.
Additional Drivers, Software and Updates


Ash is a simple unix shell, as compared to bash, which is the more typical fully featured shell preferred on Linux systems.

Busybox is a program that implements an ash like shell, as well as a number of other common unix programs, though in a stripped down version, all in a single program.  It is intended to provide a semi-typical unix like environment in a very space limited environment, hence, why it implements many ( stripped down ) programs as single program, and then has the separate program commands symlinked to the busybox binary, which figures out which program it is supposed to emulate and does its best to behave in a similar way to the fully featured program that it is replacing.

Busybox was originally developed for use in very space limited environments such as a single floppy boot disk, and continues to see use today in space limited environments like embedded systems such as dd-wrt.


Missing icons on top panel, dashboard applications, launcher

No worries there is an possible solution

Since it is properly the Unity Desktop that got fiddled up I’d suggest trying to reinstall that.
Reinstall command

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install unity

An Suggestion

Please tell me where it stopped at how much percent and when since there are properly some missing important packages or file you need to recover!


two admins : can one admin prevent another admin from accessing his/her data?

No.

And anyone with physical access can change anything on a system. They do not even have to be an admin; they just need to be able to reboot.

The only way to prevent others to see your data is by storing it on another media (usb stick or on-line). And to lower the risk of exposure you always need to unmount whatever media the data is stored on.

Regarding encryption:

Another admin can view your data when you have the data visible in your system. Mounting an encrypted volume as "root" is not enough; another "root" user will be seen as owner of the data.

Someone that can reboot the system can also reset the password of an encrypted volume. Yes, you would know someone accessed it but ... the whole idea was to prevent access.


VirtualBox Manager says "Ubuntu (64-bit)" while OS prompt says 32-bit

The OS shown in VirtualBox Manager is the OS that is chosen when the VM is created. This only affects some other settings and will not necessarily match the OS that is later installed on that VM.

The output of getconf LONG_BIT is not a good way to check whether your OS is 32-bit or 64-bit. A better way is to use uname -a, which will show whether you are running the 32-bit (i386) or 64-bit (x86_64) kernel.

You mentioned that you did not choose the AMD 64-bit version. That is the version that you need for 64-bit, and will run on both Intel and AMD processors that support 64-bit. See the following for more info:
Difference between the i386 download and the amd64?


Connectify-like functionality on Intel 4965 AGN wireless?

It appears that the current driver for the Intel 4965 Wireless card does not support Master (AP) mode,
http://bugzilla.intellinuxwireless.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1585

However, it appears there is work on this. It is an issue of the Linux kernel (where the driver is now developed) to get support for AP Mode.

As a workaround for now you could get an inexpensive USB Wireless dongle that does support AP Mode. They cost between $10-$20.


Text in Ubuntu Software Center is unreadable

I copy the answer from here:

  I know a number of people have trouble using dark themes with Ubuntu
  because the software center likes to keep its white background and
  also use the default light colored text. The following solution is
  pretty hack-tastic and I'm hoping to hear some more elegant ideas.

  Open up a terminal and type:

gksudo gedit /usr/share/software-center/ui/gtk3/css/softwarecenter.css

  The first two lines should look like this:

@define-color light-aubergine #DED7DB;
@define-color super-light-aubergine #F4F1F3;

  Copy and paste those two lines right below then comment out the
  originals. Change the two HTML color codes (#DED7DB and #F4F1F3)
  to your preferred dark colors so that light text will show up.
  Save and close gedit. Launch Ubuntu Software Center to check out the results


Booting Ubuntu 13.04 i386 from USB, main OS is Windows 7, VAIO S Series, VPCS149FJ

Once you create the USB, you need to boot from it.  Just change the boot order in your BIOS to boot from USB.

Since you have Windows 7 installed already, when you get to the installation screen, choose alongside Windows.

Trying Ubuntu lets you run Ubuntu fully, but without making any changes to your system, while installing will do changes to your system, depending on the type of installation you choose.


How to get right value for the first field of crypttab?

It's listed in the warning that is displayed when updating initramfs with update-initramfs.

It can be something like luks-a9a75bdb-fa57-454a-88c6-9f2c8d324bd0 or sda5_crypt.


why receiving rate is not zero when not browsing?

Network activity comes from a variety of processes, and not just your web browser. On my machine right now I see activity from an email client, file sync, music streaming, and more. System updates, clock synchronisation, error reporting, and other background processes also use data.

To track which application is sending or receiving network traffic, try the nethogs package.

To install:

sudo apt install nethogs

To use:

sudo nethogs

To exit nethogs press q.


Changing the username in terminal in Ubuntu 14.04

In terminal do:

sudo usermod -l newname oldname


How can I change the application indicator label after delay?

The problem here is that you've got a single threaded application, and the sleep is blocking it, thus the AppIndicator library doesn't get a chance to update the label.  What you need to do for your timeout is use GLib's timeout function to set up a delay, and change the label in that callback.  The code would probably look something like:

def set_label(self):
    self.ind.set_label("SSH")
    GLib.timeout_add(4, self.respond_to_timeout)

def respond_to_timeout(self):
    self.ind.set_label("HSS")

Good luck!


Looking for /etc/network/interfaces is missing?

You haven't told us your Ubuntu version, but I assume you have Ubuntu 18.04 or above based on your missing file.
Ubuntu 18.04 and above use  netplan to configure your network, and /etc/network/interfaces does not exist anymore. The netplan configuration file should be at /etc/netplan/.
You may still switch back to using the old method (not recommended) by installing the relevant packages:
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install ifupdown net-tools

If you would like to change your NICs names to the old representation, you'll need to change a grub parameters at /etc/default/grub:
Change GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0".
Perform $ sudo update-grub afterwords and reboot.
Any other changes regarding IP addresses, dns and other configuration methods should be the same as you know from past expirience.


I assume, you user account isn't postgres. Therefore switch to your account with

su - your_user_name

and start the uninstall again


Ubuntu 20.04 graphics problems with AMD R9 380

I had fought this for hours before posting my question, and then found the solution minutes afterwards.

All I had to do was add the amdgpu.dc=0 kernel option, and it now seems to work. I'm not really sure why this is needed, though.


You will probably need to run the script on each login and detect if the login is first (after reboot?) for example using some file under /tmp (should get cleared after reboot).

You can either create a wrapper for a user shell, or run it from ~/.bashrc.


Startup Application Preferences - SSH Key Agent

The SSH key agent can stores SSH keys, which are password protected. It provides a easy interface to the ssh-agent from the terminal. If you don't use password protected SSH keys, you can remove it without any impact.


Selecting text in the terminal without using the mouse

If you are using one of the shells that understands emacs keys (bash, csh, etc.) then you can copy the current command by:

control-A will take you to the beginning of the line.
control-K will kill the whole line that you have just entered.
control-Y will yank the text back.

Then later you can control-Y yank the text back to insert the text back as input to the shell command line editor.

See man bash and then when it comes up, type /emacs followed by a couple of n's (next) to move you forward to the READLINE section.


WiFi disconnecting on 18.04 Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter

Your issue may be on the windows side. Try booting into windows, go to power options in settings, go to additional settings, find where 'set what power button does' and disable the fast boot option and save those settings. Then boot back into linux.
When the 'fast start' option is enabled, windows doesnt really 'shut down' when you ask it to, and since windows is running as well, linux cant detect the wifi card because it is already in use by the windows partition.
Atleast that is my understanding of it. Hope that makes sense to you.
Good luck!


Is there a way to lock a specific application, in ubuntu, with 'sudo' method

Generally, the owner of the applications in Ubuntu is root. For example check the applications from /usr/bin. You can check this with ls -l /usr/bin. For Firefox Web Browser, the result is:

ls -l /usr/bin/firefox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 aug  3 23:37 /usr/bin/firefox -> ../lib/firefox/firefox.sh

So, to lock Firefox for other users than root, you need to take out the execute permission for group and others. You can do this with the following command:

sudo chmod 766 /usr/bin/firefox

or

sudo chmod go-x /usr/bin/firefox


Install the package secure-delete.
Use the command srm -r pathname to remove your folder and files.

The default settings are for 38 (!!!) passes of overwrites which is extreme overkill imho (see more info about this here).

For my usage, I only want a single pass of random data so I use srm -rfll pathname.

If you want to create a right-click option in the GUI for files and folders, use gnome-actions to call a script like this:

#!/bin/bash
if dialog=`zenity --window-icon=warning --question --title="Secure Delete" --no-wrap --text="Are you sure you want to securely delete:\n\n     $1\n\nand any other files and folders selected? File data will be overwritten and cannot be recovered."`
then /usr/bin/srm -fllrv "$@"| zenity --progress --pulsate --text="File deletion in progress..." --title="Secure Delete" --auto-close
fi

If you want more paranoid settings be sure to modify the above script.


Replace Windows 8.1 with Ubuntu Keeping Data in Different Partition

Yes this is possible.
During the installation select the C:\ drive for th einstallation, the other two partitions will be left allone.


Is it safe to install Ubuntu on a mid 2014 retina Macbook Pro?

You will likely want to dual boot because there are still some driver issues. Namely around the discrete GPU and the webcam. I wrote a blog post about doing just this which you might find helpful [1], the last step explains how to get WIFI working.

[1] http://fromanegg.com/post/82251710943/how-to-install-ubuntu-on-a-mac-or-macbook


There are two pages I have found directly relates to Ubuntu that can assist you with this task.

The first is from Community ubuntu documentation, the second is from UbuntuGuide.org


Non-deterministic behaviour in bash script for screen window opening and naming

Not answering your question, but this is how I would use screen this way:

Put this in your ~/.screenrc:

screen -t server
screen -t vim_1
screen -t vim_2
screen -t console

Each time you want to enter screen, use screen -DR -- that will create the screen session if it does not exist, or reattach to it if it's running.


How can I disable the purple splash screen at boot?

Quote from /usr/share/doc/plymouth/README.Debian (from package plymouth version 0.8.2-2ubuntu2, which is the one installed on Ubuntu 10.04):

There are two methods to disable the splash screen.  Both have the
same effect.  Your boot will show such messages as are emitted by
the starting services, and will still be able to prompt if needs be.

Remove all of the plymouth-theme-* packages from your system,
including the text ones.  Plymouth will remain installed to
permit boot-time prompts.

Remove splash from the kernel command-line.  You can do this
per-boot, or make it permanent by changing the
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line in /etc/default/grub.

The second method also requires running update-grub as superuser, after editing that file.


The problem that you are experiencing is that the source of software that you have manually added is not trusted by default, unless you specifically import a key from a trusted source (usually keyserver.ubuntu.com). That way, when you import software from an archive outside of ubuntu.com you can be sure that this software has not been spoofed.

Please open a terminal and paste the following line:

sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com E131728675254D99

This command will import the key from ubuntu.com and add it to your keyring. After that, either run the software update from GUI, or paste the following into your terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

See also How do I fix the GPG error "NO_PUBKEY"?.


How can I make the tagspaces launch file work?

I found a solution to get it working normally on Ubuntu 18.04LTS.

The problem: I was using Tagspaces fine on Ubuntu 16.04LTS. When Ubuntu 18.04LTS was released, I reformatted my HD and installed Ubuntu 18.04. Then I downloaded the latest version of Tagspaces and installed it with no issues. However, on clicking the tagspaces icon in the launcher, nothing happened.

The solution: I then tried running the app directly by opening a terminal and navigating my way to /usr/share/applications and then typing "tagspaces" to run the app. I received an error message that certain "shared libraries" were not able to be loaded and it indicated which dependency it was looking for. The solution was simply to use Synaptic package manager to install libgconf-2-4 which seems to be a dependency for Tagspaces.

Now Tagspaces runs normally from the launcher.

Hope that helps someone else.


PyQT Creator Qt designer: No such file or directory

Thanks to @dessert for helping me out.

I ran sudo apt-get install qt5-default and everything worked fine.

The answer was "inspired" from the answer here, which didn't work for me, but might work for you if you are having the same problem and my solution didnt work.

While this does not directly answer my question... it solves my problem, so yay


Can I update a burned disk content from 12.04 to a newer version like 13.04?

It's not possible unless it's a CD-RW or DVD-RW.


MMV doesn't execute in bash script (only if run by CRON)

You need to cd to the correct directory first. Cron starts you off at /.

#!/bin/bash
date=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d_%r")

cd /ftphome || exit

mmv -r "uploads/temp/*" "#1\ '$date'"

mv /ftphome/uploads/temp/* /ftphome/uploads/arch/

On a side note, don't put .sh extension on a bash script. It's misleading since sh is not bash.


The partition should be visible in the left pane of Nautilus-the-file-browser, and also in the left pane of Open File dialogs.

If you click on it there, it'll be mounted in a directory under /media, as Dirk Hartzer Waldeck pointed out.


In LXDE (which runs OpenBox), edit your ~/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml to change the above actions.

Note: After changing the openbox config xml file, you'll have to reconfigure openbox by running: openbox --reconfigure

For the window / workspace action:

We want to change the Shift-Alt-[ArrowKey] keyboard actions to Ctrl-Shift-Alt-[ArrowKey] to match Unity.

In the <keyboard> section of the xml file, find the keybindings with the SendToDesktop actions. These are bound to S-A-Left (shift-alt-left), right, up, and down. Change the bindings to C-S-A-Left (crel-shift-alt-left), right, up, and down. e.g.

<keybind key="C-S-A-Left">
  <action name="SendToDesktop">
    <to>left</to>
    <wrap>no</wrap>
  </action>
</keybind>
<keybind key="C-S-A-Right">
  <action name="SendToDesktop">
    <to>right</to>
    <wrap>no</wrap>
  </action>
</keybind>
<keybind key="C-S-A-Up">
  <action name="SendToDesktop">
    <to>up</to>
    <wrap>no</wrap>
  </action>
</keybind>
<keybind key="C-S-A-Down">
  <action name="SendToDesktop">
    <to>down</to>
    <wrap>no</wrap>
  </action>
</keybind>

For the mouse / window-resize action:

We want to change the mouse's middle click-drag-on-window action to resize (to match Unity).

In the <mouse> section, under the <context name="Frame"> section of the xml file, find the mouse drag bindings for the Middle buttons, and change it to:

  <mousebind button="A-Middle" action="Press">
    <action name="Resize"/>
  </mousebind>

You can change the name="A-Right" action="Drag" setting if you like - it is setup as the above.

Bonus #1: Shift print-screen to capture an area

I don't recall if this is in Unity by default, but I really love Shift-Print to select and capture an area of the screen with the mouse. I also like using the program Shutter to accomplish this. Here's a keybinding for that (place in the <keyboard> section of the xml file.)

<keybind key="S-Print">
  <action name="Execute">
    <command>shutter -s</command>
  </action>
</keybind>

Bonus #2: If you're interested in making the LXDE workspaces into a grid, see this answer.


Is there a theme that reprises the old Sun Sparc style interface?

You want the CDE desktop environment featuring the Motif toolkit.

As an old-timer, I believe you will have no trouble installing these, even if you have to use the command line ;-).

CDE Solaris theme

GTK2-notif2, a Motif GTK+ 2 theme

Metacity Motif


How can I create a separate data partition?

Once you boot from CD/DVD, or USB, and get to the installation Screen, choose Something Else.

And when you get to the screen below, and choose New Partition Table, and just follow the images below.  Make sure you divide the space according to your needs /, Swap, /Data, and /Home, etc...

Note: The image below are for instructional purposes, your real life situation maybe different.


Give 2nd nic card with different subnet internet access

You need to enable IPv4 Forwarding. There is an excellent write up on the subject here.

The following will help you check the system state and set the parameter from the command line. Please note, this setting will be ephemeral; you will need to determine how to make the setting permanent (if you so wish) based upon your specific distribution and version.

The following is taken from this article:

Check if IP Forwarding is enabled

We have to query the sysctl kernel value net.ipv4.ip_forward to see if forwarding is enabled or not:

Using sysctl:

sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

or just checking out the value in the /proc system:

cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
0

As we can see in both the above examples this was disabled (as show by the value 0).

Enable IP Forwarding on the fly

As with any sysctl kernel parameters we can change the value of net.ipv4.ip_forward on the fly (without rebooting the system):

sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

or

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

the setting is changed instantly; the result will not be preserved after rebooting the system.


If that message is copied straight from your terminal, the problem is easy to solve.

The package you are looking for is called ubuntu-desktop, not unbuntu-desktop.


Chinese font with no smoothing got set as default after installing Chinese Languge Support (how to disable it?)

You can change the default UI font in System » Preferences » Appearence » Fonts.

If the default Chinese font when installing the Chinese Language Support is not good enough, you can report it so that the font gets replaced.


Unable to boot Ubuntu from USB and other external media

The most straightforward way is to pop rescatux on a usb thumb drive and use its wizard to install the grub again. Good luck.


Try Octave.

  Octave is a high-level language, primarily intended for numerical
  computations. It provides a convenient command-line interface for
  solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically.1

To install, you can download it from source, or by clicking Octave

Gnuplot.

  Gnuplot is a portable command-line driven graphing utility for Linux,
  OS/2, MS Windows, OSX, VMS, and many other platforms.  It was
  originally created to allow scientists and students to visualize
  mathematical functions and data interactively, but has grown to
  support many non-interactive uses such as web scripting. It is also
  used as a plotting engine by third-party applications like Octave.
  Gnuplot has been supported and under active development since 1986.2

To download and install click Gnuplot development

1Source:Ubuntu Apps

2Source:Gnuplot


Can't remove reddish tint even after quitting RedShift


17.04 Mate. Can't set background with setbg

Your gsettings code is not customized to Mate or your window manager. That's why it fails. I am going to guess an answer here, you tell me if it works

$ gsettings set org.mate.background picture-filename '/path/to/image/file/whatever.png'

Only change the last part.  The full path is required. Note how the location of the config is different than your example for gnome.

Why this might not be correct, but it gets you in the vicinity of correct.

I don't think saying you use Mate is enough detail to be sure what to do. We need also to be sure what your "window manager" program is and whether or not it is managing desktop backgrounds. This is a replace-able thing, not a permanent characteristic of a desktop environment. (how to replace it: https://www.maketecheasier.com/replace-mate-window-manager-with-openbox)

I've done this in compiz (http://pj.freefaculty.org/blog/?p=285) by interacting with gsettings (various desktops). Also have written perl code to set XFCE4 backgrounds with commands that interact with xfconf.

The place where you are most likely hitting trouble is in the "magic words" for the background.  The compiz gsettings code is different than the gsettings code for a different gnome-based desktop.   Even if you know the magic words, you may need to tell the window manager to pay attention to gsettings.  When I did this by sending messages to dbus in 2011 or so, the results were good, but in newer compiz it was necessary to change over to gsettings. And, if you look at my compiz code, you see that
 you don't get this done with one gsettings call, at least when talking to compiz, you send a few.

According to the Arch docs on Mate (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/MATE), the default window manager is marco, and it does have a gsettings back end. That's why I'm hopeful I have the right answer for you.


No rule to make target '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libEGL.so'

You are missing the libegl1-mesa-dev package. You will need it to compile anything which links to Mesa's EGL.


Why does resolvconf change a domain to a search keyword?

It happens because the search feature supersedes the domain feature. Unlike domain, search accepts multiple arguments.

Consider domain to be obsolete.


Should I put an alias in .bashrc or .profile?

TL;DR: Based on the description you've given, it can all go in ~/.bashrc, even though you would usually not want to put environment variables there. There are some other changes you may want to make: exporting the variables is probably unnecessary, and their expansions are best quoted.

As with Bash aliases in general, you can put your gc alias in ~/.bashrc or in ~/.bash_aliases but it should not go in .profile. If the variables are only ever needed in shells where the aliases (which expand to commands that use them) are available, then it is actually fine to put them in the same place as the aliases.

In that case, I'd suggest putting the aliases and variables in ~/.bashrc, since while it is possible to put any commands in ~/.bash_aliases, it's unusual to put anything other than alias definitions there, and doing so may confuse future readers of your code (perhaps including yourself) and motivate them to wonder if they are looking at a mistake. Of course, you could put the aliases in ~/.bash_aliases and the associated variables in ~/.bashrc, but I think that would be much more confusing.

Normally one should not put environment variables in ~/.bashrc. Most of the time, a user-specific environment variable should either go in ~/.pam_environment, which uses its own special syntax, or ~/.profile, which contains shell commands as ~/.bashrc does. (See also these comments.) One of the reasons for this is that those methods cause the environment variable to be available in most of the situations where it may be needed, which putting it in ~/.bashrc fails to achieve; one of the reasons for that is that ~/.bashrc is only used by bash, and when you log in graphically, that's not bash. But when you only need your variables when the aliases that use them are also available, this doesn't apply.

Nonetheless, I suspect that this is actually not an exception. But instead of needing to go elsewhere than .bashrc, it looks like those variables don't need to be environment variables. This is to say that it looks like you don't have to export them, but could instead simply write:

ZONE="us-eastern1-c"
INSTANCE_NAME="myInstance"

This is about the distinction between a shell variable and an environment variable. In Bourne-style shells like Bash, all environment variables are shell variables, but the only shell variables that are environment variables are those that the shell inherited from its parent process's environment or that have been exported with the export builtin.

If programs you run need to inherit ZONE and INSTANCE_NAME into their environments, they you do indeed need to export them as environment variables. And if you need that even in contexts where ~/.bashrc is not sourced (e.g., running scripts), then it is not sufficient to put those environment variables in ~/.bashrc.

Otherwise, they can just be shell variables, as shown above. The shell will still find them and perform parameter expansion on them, in commands generated by expanding the gc alias.

Whatever you do, I recommend that you modify your alias definition to double-quote those variables when it performs parameter expansion. One way to do that is to define the alias like this:

alias gc='gcloud compute ssh --zone="$ZONE" "jupyter@$INSTANCE_NAME" -- -L 8080:localhost:8080'

Given the their initial values you've shown, that only makes a difference when $IFS has an unusual value, since they contain neither whitespace nor any globbing characters like *. But it is bad practice to perform unquoted parameter expansion unless you actually intend for word splitting or globbing to occur.

More importantly, if those variables are reassigned, the new values are used when the command the alias expands to is run. The alias will still expand to the same command (the command it expands to doesn't depend on those variables' values), but the subsequent parameter expansions carried out on $ZONE and $INSTANCE_NAME will expand them to the new values. Quoting those expansions with double quotes guards against wrong behavior when variables deliberately contain whitespace (or anything in $IFS) or any of *, ? and [. But you should do it even if you believe or know they should never take on such values, so if they are given such a value by accident, you get comprehensible error messages rather than bizarre and unexpected behavior.

If you don't actually want those variables to exist at all, and you are only using them to make the definition of gc more self-documenting, then you can define gc as a function (in ~/.bashrc) instead of an alias and make them local variables:

gc() {
    local ZONE="us-eastern1-c"
    local INSTANCE_NAME="myInstance"
    gcloud compute ssh --zone="$ZONE" "jupyter@$INSTANCE_NAME" -- -L 8080:localhost:8080
}


How to install pip and a python package for self installed python?

If you install it from source you need to run:

/usr/local/bin/python2.7 -m ensurepip

This will actually install the pip application into /usr/local/bin.


I can not talk about MythBuntu, because I have no experience with it, but, as far as the other three go, they are essentially the same core operating system with a different graphical user interface.

Ubuntu is using Unity as it's core graphical user interface experience, Lubuntu is using LXDE and Kubuntu is using KDE (The K Desktop environment).

Those three are very stable, and, performance-wise, the Lubuntu variant must be the most lightweight.

[EDIT1]: If I were to pick the fastest of the three, I would pick Lubuntu.

[EDIT2]: MythBuntu seems to be a home entertainment variant of Ubuntu.

Also keep in mind, that a strong pick, when it comes to performance too, is Xubuntu which is using XFCE as its graphical user interface. Speaking from experience, I find Xfce to be lighter than LXDE and more user friendly.


how to log with chrome remote desktop into ubuntu

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/chrome-remote-desktop_current_amd64.deb && sudo apt install ./chrome-remote-desktop_current_amd64.deb

then open installed Remote Chrome App, set the name and PIN.

Enjoy


How do I remove all snaps and snapd, preferably with a single command

It's not a one-liner, but...
sudo snap remove $(snap list | awk '!/^Name|^core/ {print $1}')
sudo apt remove --purge -y snapd gnome-software-plugin-snap

I should add that removing snapd and gnome-software-plugin-snap1 remove also ubuntu-software, the Ubuntu software store.  This can be fixed by
sudo at install gnome-software

however the icons do not all come back...


Menus (eg, right-click windows) are not being drawn on the screen

Found the answer here: How can I restart the menu bar in Unity?

Restarting unity solved the problem. This can be accomplished without killall unity; I just did unity and that worked.


Preparing Img for an Offline Embedded PC

Debian-based systems (like Ubuntu) generally assume a working network connection: A network stack is part of the base install, the package system assumes network based updates, backups are assumed to be network-base, etc.
Your use case "embedded, offline" is well outside the use cases that the Ubuntu Developers consider for Ubuntu Server. Ubuntu Core (instead of Ubuntu Server) is the release of Ubuntu that is designed for embedded use...but it's designed for network, too.
So there's no single list of all network-based OS features. You will just keep finding new connection attempts and errors as you slice away applications and services that you don't need. We haven't tested that. You are out in the wild, so let us know what you discover.


How to remove and prevent LibreOffice PPA and updates from installing?

To remove the libreoffice ppa run the following commands:

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/ppa --remove
  sudo apt-get update

To make sure no libre office components are left behind:

 sudo apt-get purge libreoffice*


Folder permissions keep changing from www-data to root

  you can change the owner of the www folder it will solve it

 sudo chown user /var/www

           and logout and login.
           Then open the var folder,   right click on www folder select properties               now you can edit the permission of the www folder.


Docker child processes do not inherit niceness of daemon

its the other way round for me. All my containers inherit the nice level from dockerd. But I want only dockerd to run in higher priority.


Bumblebee stopped working after the today's update

I managed to solve the problem by reinstalling bbswitch-dkms. I guess that when a NVIDIA related package was updated in the main repositories, something on the kernel was changed. So, reinstalling bbswitch-dkms fixed the primusrun problem. All I had to do was to run this command:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall bbswitch-dkms

I hope it helps someone who is having the same problem I had. Now primusrun works again. Thanks for the help!


Looks like gnome-setting-daemon is not running or is hanged.

To solve it just open a terminal and type

killall gnome-settings-daemon
gnome-settings-daemon

The first line should kill any instance of gnome-settings-daemon that is running, just in case. The second line should launch it.

If this works, we know the problem and a workaround, now we still have to discover why it isn't running.


Installing Ubuntu asked to format whole hard disk

Did you read this from Yumi?
Important Note: YUMI was intended to be used to try to run various "LIVE Linux" Operating Systems from USB. Installing Linux from the YUMI created USB Drive to a Hard Drive is not officially supported. If the installer portion of any Live Linux distro does work, consider it a bonus.
As it should work, ubuntu provides you different choices. I suggest you try out this software as it has been proven to work and let us know if the problem remains. Thank you.


Ubuntu 12.04 uses almost 4 GB of memory right after startup.

"top" shows how much memory is used including the file caches. This is mostly useless if you try to trouble-shoot memory usage.

Try following:

Use "free" command to see how much memory is actually used, excluding the caches.
Use "top" and press Shift+M to sort processes by memory used.

Normally linux uses all available memory to cache file data - this is exactly what you want it to do as it improves performance. This memory is available anytime to applications if they need it.

From your screen-shot, it is visible that no swap is used so this is a very good indication that you have no memory usage problem.


What is "WARNING 'syslog' option is deprecated"?

The syntax you are looking for is: logging = syslog@1 /var/log/samba/log.%m

Just comment out or remove syslog = 0. The number is the severity mapping for which logs the errors go into. 0=> log_err, 1=> log_warning, 2=> log_notice.

The number parameter sets a threshold for sending messages to syslog.
Only messages with debug level less than this value will be sent to syslog.

Default is 1. If you are setting up a development sandbox I would just whack that stuff unless you are having problems and need to see the logs.

I'm using Debian and the above syntax shows no errors running testparm.


How to connect to wifi on Lubuntu (Can connect to home wifi but can't connect to any other wifi)

Possibly some misunderstanding.
This is how my desktop looks.
After pressing Select Network, you should see a list, then choose and you may be prompted for a password that you must have.