How to deploy multiple charms on the bootstrapped node or on a single node?

If you're just looking to run a personal blog and want to save money you can run all of this on a single node, here's an entire single node installation from scratch

juju bootstrap
juju deploy --to 0 wordpress
juju deploy --to 0 mysql
juju add-relation wordpress mysql
juju expose wordpress

This will run everything on one node, however we still have the flexibility to grow horizontally. If your blog gets more traffic and you need to scale:

juju add-unit wordpress

Since we're omitting the --to command Juju will fire up a new dedicated machine for Wordpress and relate it. You can also remove-unit when the surge is over and go back to a cheaper one node set up.

The --to command lets you do a bunch of options for deploying to units, you can check it out in the Deploying section of the documentation here:

https://jujucharms.com/docs/stable/charms-deploying


Ubuntu 18.04 failed to move file from windows directory to Ubuntu

Have you disabled fastboot on the Windows installation? Windows doesn't unmount disks on shutdown with fastboot enabled as it (as the name implies) speeds up boot times, which causes access issues for Linux machines utilizing those same disks. To force it to shutdown fully, follow this guide:

https://www.isumsoft.com/windows-10/2-ways-to-perform-a-full-shutdown.html


Old Laptop Dell Precision M4300 will work well with Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS?

Yes. Your computer will work "well" with Ubuntu 14.04.2 but it mostly depends on what you expect as a definition for the words: "work well".

I own a Lenovo Thinkpad T400 which has an Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU P8600  @ 2.40GHz, 3 GB RAM and 160 GB HDD and I can work with the majority of the tasks I have to face for the day to day work and let's have in consideration that what I do for a living (nowadays) includes (but not limits only to):

HTML/CSS/Javascript coding via Aptana Studio 3
Wordpress deployment via LAMP
Graphic design with GIMP and Krita, sometimes Inkscape
Photography retouch with Darktable
Audio mastering/authoring with Audacity, Linux Multimedia Studio
(lmms) and other tools.
Electronic Music creation (like those mentioned on
http://geppettvs.x10.mx/la-musica/) with the previously mentioned
tools.
Video Edition with OpenShot and KDEnlive. (Samples here:
https://www.youtube.com/user/geppettvs/videos)
DVD Authoring with DVD Styler
And some other useful things.

Of course I cannot multi-task with this computer, not beyond 4 or 5 of these software running at once. And audio renders are yet good for high quality audio but... Let's face it. HD Video editing is a nightmare. Specially when we include a lot of transitions, layers, sound effects, video processing, etc.

But... Look at this!

At this very moment I am writing this with 11 tabs open in my Firefox instance, a terminal (idle), playing music via radiotray, haguichi doing its magic for a VPN, bluetooth enabled and I experience no issues at all.

My desktop environment -nevertheless- was changed from a fully eye-candy decorated Unity (2D or Normal) to a i3 Tiling Window Manager (https://i3wm.org/) which improves the overall speed when it is about productivity. For eye-candy and to impress your friends you may wish a fancier desktop environment like Unity or KDE and probably the usage of Compiz but they're high resource hungry, so I won't recommend to use it in a computer like this.

For what is about the IDE HDD, I would just say that if the HDD is in good condition you may yet find it fast enough to do everything I mentioned over here.

But, that's my own experience. What if -let's say- you give it a try and inform us on your results? It will be great for the community!

Thank you for reading and Good luck!


No HDMI video after suspend on Intel NUC6i7KYK

Hello I have also a NUC ( but other version ) and I have never have this issue. You can try to see all the errors that you have when the system is start up.

sudo dmesg --level err

Also get information about your graphic card, is your system recognize it?

lspci -vnn | grep VGA -A 12

You can also see the version of your driver

modinfo i915 | grep  verm

mine is : vermagic:       4.15.0-43-generic SMP mod_unload

I recommend you to gather this information to be clear if there are other people with the same problem.

Could you also compare the services you have running before and after suspend ?

systemctl | grep running   > file.txt
systemctl | grep running   > file2.txt
diff file.txt file2.txt

may be you have a clue some of the services are not running.


It seems that GPT-partitioned drives require a bios_boot partition when used in conjunction with BIOS.  Here is a tutorial that worked for me.

Also note that one of the drives subtending the RAID array must have a /boot partition configured.  Again, for clarity, you will need:

A small (~1 MB) bios_boot partition
A /boot partition

begin rant

Holy uninformative error message, GRUB!  Good lord!

end rant


I wrote a small Python script that can do what you want.

For the OCR part you would need tesseract. You can install it running:

sudo apt install tesseract-ocr

Then, run tesseract to create a txt file with the image-read data. I am naming this file tesseract_output (tesseract will add the .txt extension), you can name it as you wish.

tesseract /path/to/image /path/to/tesseract_output

Then copy and paste the following script and save it to a file ending with .py (for example script.py).

import csv

def split_list(l, n):
    """Split list l in size-n lists.
    Returns a list containing the size-n lists.
    """
    splitted = []

    for i in range(0, len(l), n):
        splitted.append(l[i:i + n])

    return splitted

######################   USER INPUT   ######################
input_file = '/path/to/tesseract_output.txt'
output_file = '/path/to/table.csv'
rows = 10
delimiter = ';'
############################################################

# read input file
with open(input_file, 'r') as f:
    data = f.readlines()

# remove trailing whitespace and newlines
data = list(map(lambda x: x.strip(), data))
# remove empty elements
data = list(filter(None, data))
# split data to rows-sized lists
data = split_list(data, rows)
# shape data
data = list(map(list, zip(*data)))

# write to csv
with open(output_file, 'w', newline='\n') as f:
    wr = csv.writer(f, delimiter=delimiter)
    for i in range(len(data)):
        wr.writerow(data[i])

For the script to work, you have to enter the following in the USER INPUT section:

input_file: the complete path to the tesseract output.
output_file: the complete path to the final csv file.
rows: the number of table rows. In your example image it's 10.
delimiter: the delimiter to be used in the csv. Here I use ;. You can use any 1-character string you need.

Run the file:

python /path/to/your/script.py

You should now have a csv with the following contents:

Date;1Mo;2Mo;3Mo;6 Mo;4Yr;2Yr;3Yr;5Yr;TYr;10 Yr;20Yr;30 Yr
08/01/19;2.14;214;2.07;2.04;1.88;1.73;1.67;1.68;177;1.90;2.21;2.44
08/02/19;2.44;2.12;2.08;2.02;1.85;1.72;1.67;1.66;1.75;1.86;2.16;2.39
08/05/19;2.07;2.08;2.05;1.99;1.78;1.59;1.55;1.55;1.63;1.75;2.07;2.30
08/06/19;2.05;2.08;2.05;2.00;1.80;1.60;1.54;1.53;1.62;1.73;2.03;2.25
08/07/19;2.02;2.04;2.02;1.95;1.75;1.59;1.51;1.52;1.60;171;2.01;2.22
08/08/19;2.09;2.07;2.02;1.96;1.79;1.62;1.54;1.54;1.62;1.72;2.02;2.25
08/09/19;2.05;2.06;2.00;1.95;1.78;1.63;1.58;1.57;1.65;174;2.03;2.26
08/12/19;2.09;2.06;2.00;1.94;1.75;1.58;1.51;1.49;1.56;1.65;1.92;2.14
08/13/19;2.05;2.04;2.00;1.96;1.86;1.66;1.60;1.57;1.62;1.68;1.94;2.15

CAUTION

As you can see, the result is satisfactory, but depends on tesseract's output. It is almost certain that tesseract won't detect everything correctly, as you can easily see in the csv output. You will have to compare the results with the original image and fix them manually, either in the tesseract output or in the csv output at the end.

Also, in the script I am taking care of trailing whitespace and redundant newlines that tesseract spits out, which works fine for your example image. However, if a table cell was empty, it would be completely removed, effectively destroying the whole table structure. In this case, if I were you, I would edit the tesseract_output.txt file and manually change the empty cells to containing a -, so it wouldn't get deleted.


I also installed Telegram but using the tar file from the Telegram website.

I had to search for the Telegram app once I moved it to the /opt folder and then dragged and dropped it onto the Unity sidebar launcher


You're getting that error because automake is not installed on the remote host.  To resolve it, run the following on the remote host:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install automake

Hope this helps!


Sizing Issue: Libre Office Options Menu is way too small!

In windows, you can set your screen resolution lower and your in-screen scaler will then scale everything normal. This could differ from laptop to laptop, but it works for me (on all screens I've tested). In Linux you can do the same at your screen settings, and because this kind of scaling is done via hardware instead of software, it will also work on Linux.


Networking Disabled under VMWare Fusion on Mac OS X

I have seen this problem, mucked around with editing the network interfaces and had it somehow seem to fix itself, only to discover days or weeks later that the problem was back. After months of trying to fix this I finally found the one solution that seems to always work (but not permanently, so reapply as needed):

1) cat /var/lib/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.state

if you see "NetworkingEnabled=false" then continue. Otherwise, you have a different problem.

2) sudo vi /var/lib/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.state

change "NetworkingEnabled=false" to "NetworkingEnabled=true"

3) sudo service NetworkManager restart

I'd love to be able to figure out what is toggling the value for NetworkingEnabled and why, but after months of dealing with this problem, I'll settle for being able to fix whatever some other process is breaking.


Why do System Detail doesn't show my graphics card

sudo apt-get install mesa-utils

Install it & it will show you


Can't ping any websites, but can access websites through browser

From man ping: ping  uses  the  ICMP  protocol's  mandatory ECHO_REQUEST datagram to elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway.

Your browser opens a TCP connection on port 80.

Any system along the path between you and www.google.com could be deciding to treat these two connections differently.

You could use tracepath (from the iputils-tracepath package) to see which systems are in that path, then ping, or hping3 to explore.

FWIW, I get PING responses from www.google.com,(-c 3 limits ping to 3 ICMP packets, which IMHO, is more polite):

walt@aardvark:~(0)$ ping -c 3 www.google.com

PING www.google.com (74.125.225.114) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from ord08s08-in-f18.1e100.net (74.125.225.114): icmp_req=1 ttl=56 time=35.9 ms
64 bytes from ord08s08-in-f18.1e100.net (74.125.225.114): icmp_req=2 ttl=56 time=32.1 ms
64 bytes from ord08s08-in-f18.1e100.net (74.125.225.114): icmp_req=3 ttl=56 time=32.0 ms

--- www.google.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 32.096/33.402/35.964/1.817 ms


Have you installed eduroam-cat? For me there was a link on my UNI's website. Installing that made the connection possible.

https://cat.eduroam.org/?lang=eng


Removing old boot images when one in use is only partially installed

Please read the following carefully, and don't proceed unless you understand the instructions and the affects of you not performing this successfully.

You can determine your currently loaded kernel and version by using uname -a.

Your computer has files under /boot/ that help your computer start up.  Once it has loaded these files, it will require files in /lib/modules/<kernel.version>/.

So, let's say you've decided that you only want 3.14 kernel.  Let's say you have a 3.12 version you would like to remove.

Remove the files from /boot/

ls /boot/ | grep 3.12
Verify the files listed
rm -rf /boot/*3.12*

Remove associated kernel modules

ls /lib/modules/ | grep 3.12
Verify the files listed
rm -rf /lib/modules/*3.12*

You can use df -h before and after to see the free space available on each of your mounted partitions.


How do I use get_media_file() in the latest Quickly?

Tell me if by 'latest' you don't mean the one that ships with 11.10, but this is how to use the function here:

>>> from hello_lib.helpers import get_media_file
>>> get_media_file("hello.svg")
file:////home/stefano/hello/data/media/hello.svg

"hello.svg" can be any fragment of a path (like ../media/hello.svg or stuff/hello.svg). I.e. get_media_file(f) is the equivalent of

"file://" + os.path.join(get_data_path(), "media", f)

And get_data_path() will return /home/stefano/hello/data.

These functions are defined in hello/hello_lib/helpers.py and hello/hello_lib/helloconfig.py.


Is there any tool for converting from .pdf to .chm?

I know this may not be what you're looking for, but the only way I know how to do it, is using PDF2CHM.

The only problem it only available for windows.  So your option is to run it under Wine.


No unfortunately not for Ubuntu 16.04 but you can always wait for 18.04 LTS to come out and then upgrade.


I've made the assumption that for the file 07-10-2012-11-50-14-656.doc.gz, you want it sorted by year (i.e. 2012) and month (i.e. 10).

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# This is the preferred way of invoking a bash script, and is better than #!/bin/bash for reasons of portability.
# To use the script, make it executable with `chmod u+x /path/to/script`
# Then run this script with `/path/to/script /path/to/original/files /path/to/docs_by_date`

# Let's set up some path variables. This script will transfer files from the directory specified by the first argument to the directory specified by the second.
pathtooriginalfiles=$1
pathtotarget=$2

# Lets iterate over the files in the original directory, by listing all non-invisible files with $(ls ${pathtooriginalfiles}), and repeating the block with $i changing each time.
for i in $(ls "${pathtooriginalfiles}"); do
  # Find the matching parts of the filename that specify the date by echoing then piping the variable to sed. The regex part looks for "everything at the beginning" ^.*, followed by two iterations of digits [0-9]{2}, followed by four iterations of digits, etc. before ending with .doc.gz. It then replaces this entire string with what matches between () using the \1 variable, i.e. the year or month.
  year=$(echo -n ${i}| sed -r 's/^.*[0-9]{2}-([0-9]{4})-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{3}\.doc\.gz$/\1/')
  month=$(echo -n ${i}| sed -r 's/^.*([0-9]{2})-[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{3}\.doc\.gz$/\1/')

  # Create the directory if it doesn't exist already, then copy into it.
  mkdir -p "${pathtotarget}/${year}/${month}"
  cp "${pathtooriginalfiles}/${i}" "${pathtotarget}/${year}/${month}"
done

Also, I haven't coded exactly what you requested. You said that it should test to see if the files are there, then automatically delete them. Instead, this script just copies them and leaves the originals alone. I'd recommend that you "test" it yourself manually to make sure it does what you think it should, rather than relying on the script to do that itself. (Any bugs in the copying part would probably be replicated in the checking part.) If you really want the script to remove originals, then just change the cp part to mv instead. (I feel that mv is cleaner than copying and deleting anyway. One reason is that cp doesn't checksum, although you could use rsync -a instead.


Mail client that does NOT mark mails as read automatically?

Most clients have settings that allow the user to modify this behavior.  For example, in Thunderbird you can change these settings (under Edit | Preferences, then choose Advanced, and then the Reading and Display tab).  If "Automatically mark messages as read" is checked, you can uncheck it and the automatic marking won't happen, which sounds like what you want.

If you keep it checked, you can control the automatic marking with the two radio buttons beneath that line, either to mark a message as read immediately upon viewing (even in the preview pane), or to have it marked as read if you view the message - even in the preview pane - for a particular length of time.

I know Evolution has a similar setting, and I assume most other mail clients do, too, but I'm not familiar with Claws Mail and with Sylpheed.

In Claws Mail, the settings controlling this behaviour are in the Preferences, Display / Summaries. The relevant options on this tab are the "Open message when selected" combo, and the "Mark message as read" settings.


Just in case. I found a strange behavior.

1. I set config in BIOS Smart Fan when 3 pin cooler has 300 RPM.
2. System is booting.
3.Sensors:
fan1: 363 RPM (min = 0 RPM) //4PIN
fan2:  960 RPM (min = 0 RPM)//3PIN
fan3: 0 RPM (min = 0 RPM)

4.I sent PC to suspend.
5.I returned PC from suspend and login to Ubuntu.
6.Sensors:
fan1:         363 RPM  (min =    0 RPM)//4PIN
fan2:         269 RPM  (min =    0 RPM)//3 PIN
fan3:           0 RPM  (min =    0 RPM)

I think it's bug.

But, now it's solution, just sent and return to suspend.


Booting in text mode in a VM - not working

The myth of the text kernel parameter

It has passed around as system administrator folklore over the past few years that there's a standard kernel parameter for Linux, specificable from whatever boot loader one is using, by the name of text; and that specifying that parameter at bootstrap time ensures that the system comes up in multi-user mode with networking but without the graphical user interface — what on some systems with System 5 init used to be a distinct run level that one could choose at bootstrap time.

"If you are using GRUB", say hundreds of web logs, tutorials, discussion fora postings, and even Stack Exchange answers such as this one and this one and this one; "then you specify the text kernel parameter by adding it to the contents of the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT setting in /etc/default/grub, or you just edit the kernel command line interactively from the GRUB menu and add text there."

This is not a widely used kernel parameter.  It's a bodge that only works —

on Ubuntu Linux, with GDM, when upstart is in charge of system services;
on Debian Linux, with GDM, when System V rc is in charge of system services.

This is because it's a piece of shell script that checks every word on the kernel parameter list looking for one that reads text or s or single.  On Ubuntu Linux it lives in the upstart job unit for GDM.  On Debian Linux it lives in the old System V rc script for GDM.  It's not a part of GDM proper.  Nor is it a general convention.

People have already, long since (as in this 2011 AskUbuntu answer for just one example), spotted that Ubuntu with LightDM or KDM instead of GDM didn't obey this parameter.  A similar upstart job file bodge was added for LightDM.  With the switch from upstart to systemd in version 15, people are spotting, as you have, that this now doesn't work at all.

It's time to consign this bodge to the dustbin of history.  Run levels have been a backwards compatibility measure on Ubuntu Linux for almost a decade, now.  And that's for the system manager before the current default one.  systemd doco actually explicitly describes them as "obsolete".  They aren't the way to think about things.  Ironically, "single-user mode" has been obsolete for far longer, almost twice as long indeed.  It was superseded by a split "rescue mode" and "emergency mode" model in the middle 1990s when init gained its -b option.

The -b switch will be passed through LILO to init and will cause an emergency boot [...]

— David A. Bandel (1997-01-01). Disk Maintenance under Linux..  Linux Journal.

There's even more detail on the sorry tale of this bodge in Ubuntu bug #436936.

Doing things right

The right way to approach this is to think of it as an ordinary exercise in service management.  The display manager is, after all, started by upstart or by systemd as service.  So just use the standard service management tools to deal with it.

The systemd people, for one, opine (as Lennart Poettering does) that special-case shell-scripted logic for services to self-disable using idiosyncratic per-subsystem knobs of this sort is a bad idea.  The better idea is to use the general cross-service knobs that the service management systems themselves provide.

upstart

As mentioned in detail elsewhere, with upstart one changes the relevant service to be a manually-started service, by adding the manual stanza to the job with echo manual >> /etc/init/lightdm.override  One changes it back by editing that stanza out, or simply deleting the override (if it contains nothing else) with rm /etc/init/lightdm.override  Substitute /etc/init/gdm.override as appropriate.

systemd

default.target is what systemd normally starts at bootstrap, in non-rescue non-emergency mode.  This is an alias that points at one's choice of real target to start.  Once choice is graphical.target, which in its turn causes whatever display manager one has chosen to be started.  Display managers are services that are enabled/disabled by making them "wanted" by graphical.target.

You stop systemd from starting up graphical.target (and thus any display manager at all, whichever ones have actually been enabled) by pointing default.target to multi-user.target instead, with systemctl set-default --force multi-user.target

You perform a once-off non-persistent override by using a systemd-specific kernel parameter, added to the kernel command line from the GRUB menu as before: systemd.unit=multi-user.target

You can also enable/disable specific display managers by enabling/disabling their services.  Enables only have effect when graphical.target is the default, of course.  To disable GDM, for example: systemctl disable gdm.service

nosh

nosh has a GDM service bundle "in the box", and one does the same with it as afore: system-control disable gdm  There is a graphics target, but it has no effect in nosh versions up to version 1.23.

Further reading

Paul Menzel (2012-06-23). GDM service file for Debian (was: systemd unit files for Debian based systems).  systemd-devel.


Can't create access point in Kubuntu 17.04

I had the same issue. Try this one: journalctl -b | grep  'failed to start dnsmasq: Could not find "dnsmasq" binary'. If lines found install dnsmasq: sudo apt install dnsmasq.


Apache cannot access mounted drive even with proper permissions

Try to change code under the directory It will look like

<Directory /media/mcp/Vault/>
         Options -Indexes
         AllowOverride All
         Require all granted
    </Directory>

Hope it works.


postfix 2.96 smtpd_relay_restrictions vs smtpd_reciepient_restrictions

You seem to be confusing version numbers.

If you run this command, you’ll see that you’re not running Version 2.10, which is the first version that supports smtpd_relay_restrictions.

postconf mail_version

Ubuntu precise (12.04) has postfix version 2.9.6, which supports what you want to do with the smtpd_recipient_restrictions parameter.

See http://www.postfix.org/postconf.5.html#smtpd_recipient_restrictions


I simply want to reformat a 2TB Seagate for use in Ubuntu with full permissions

It should be pretty simple, first determine which is the drive you want to format I personally like to use fdisk an example output from my machine

Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 238.5 GiB, 256060514304 bytes, 500118192 sectors
Disk model: SAMSUNG MZVLV256HCHP-00000
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 26126327-1D94-4446-BF34-06CA24DCBF84

Device            Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1     2048   1050623   1048576  512M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p2  1050624  17827839  16777216    8G Linux swap
/dev/nvme0n1p3 17827840 500118158 482290319  230G Linux filesystem

I only have one drive on my current machine, but you can see it outputs the capacity and vendor amongst other useful information for determining which is the target drive.

Then if it is un-partitioned partition it (again I used fdisk in the past but for this machine I had to use gdisk for the boot partition but the commands are the same)

fdisk /path/to/drive #(in my case it would be /dev/nvme0n1
# from here on out everything in fdisk will be prepended with a '#'

# o
# n
# <press enter>
# <press enter>
# <press enter>
# at this point your drive should have a single partition in it though I may have missed an enter
# w

Now that we've partitioned the drive you just need to create a filesystem which was done in the comments

mkfs.ext4 /path/to/partition # note that it will be something like /dev/sda1

Note again that we gave mkfs the path to a partition and not the actual drive itself


First, download the file in question. Let's say you downloaded it to /Downloads.
Open your terminal with CTRL ALT T.
cp Downloads
chmod +x ./<file name>

Note: You can use tab for autocompletion. So, ./xam<tab> will likely autocomplete the name for you.
Then, you just run it as a privileged used:
sudo ./xam<tab>

Press the enter button and a GUI will pop up to help you finish the installation and configuration.


Installing Driver for ATI Radeon HD 4000 Series

Better use the open source software form additional driver option.
15.10 has some issues with fglrx driver as it has been stated in the release notes.


Not quite like CtrlAltDel of Windows, but you can also kill with xkill. Just go to the "run" dialog (Alt+F2), type in xkill and your mouse pointer will change to an "x". Point on the application that you want to kill and click, and it'll be killed. Can sometimes be much quicker than loading the System Monitor.


How to go about troubleshooting frequent system pauses

The first step to debugging is going to be checking your system logs.  To do this your going to want to open a terminal and change directories to /var/log, to do this type:

cd /var/log

in the terminal.

Then with the text editor of your choice view the kernel ring buffer message.  I'll use gedit for this example.

gedit dmesg

Another helpful log will be the messages log.  This displays information about applications and system processes.  To view this run:

gedit messages

And if you don't find anything that stands out in those two, check the systems log by running

gedit syslog

When your system "hangs" make note of the time, and then when your looking through the logs you can go to that time in the log and look for inconsistencies.  If you see anything that stands out you can edit your question and copy/paste in that part of the log.

For more information on the various log files and what they do:  https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LinuxLogFiles


Partition operations are in the most cases not reversible, so it is most likely that you have to setup Windows as new.

Only thing you can do is size both partitions from this point on before installing anything. And then install windows first then Ubuntu, this is the most likely way for it to work.

The next I write is not to get your hopes up but you can try with an Live image of Ubuntu to at least get some documents of the windows partition but that is with a BIG MAYBE. In almost all cases i have seen it was not possible. But at least worth a try.


I accidently run this script. My Internet is now blocked

This should do:

iptables -F
iptables -X
iptables -t nat -F
iptables -t nat -X
iptables -t mangle -F
iptables -t mangle -X
iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT


How can I extract text between parentheses containing a specific word?

Using sed:

< inputfile sed 's/(\([^\)]*\(bar\|blat\)[^\)]*\))/\1/g; s/(.*) //g'

Input file:

test (bar) (blat)
bar (testblat) (bartest)
blat (testbar) (barblat) (no) (blatanother)

Output file:

test bar blat
bar testblat bartest
blat testbar barblat blatanother

Breakdown:

#1:

(: matches a ( character
\(: starts grouping the capturing group
[^\)]*: matches 0 or more characters not )
\(: starts grouping the allowed strings
bar: matches the 1st allowed string
\|: separates the 2nd allowed string
blat: matches the 2nd allowed string
\): stops grouping the allowed strings
[^\)]*: matches 0 or more characters not )
\): stops grouping the capturing group
): matches a ) character

#2:

(: matches a ( character
.*: matches 0 or more characters
): matches a ) character
: matches a  character


"Wi-Fi is disabled by hardware switch" on Toshiba Satellite P855-335

Give this a shot--
$rfkill unblock all

$rfkill list all shows the soft blocked decives too.


download nano, you can see file content like example
sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf
to see and edit your DNS setting


Try opening the Users and Groups app, select the Guest account, click the Advanced Settings button, and try enabling the following...


Windows 10/Ubuntu Dual Boot (Ubuntu unable to detect existing OS)

This sounds like the typical issue of mixing boot modes.

Ensure that everything is setup and boots in the mode you want to install either UEFI or legacy. Disable or deprecate the other method during system installation (e.g. remove MBR loaders from installation media) so that you can rule out any confusion about that.

Related question: "Install alongside" option missing. How do I install Ubuntu beside Windows using "Something Else"?


They've changed the default dialect to SMB3 in mount.cifs.  Originally it defaulted to SMB1.  To get get the same behavior as Ubuntu 16.04 you add vers=1.0 to the mount options.  With this option present, I now get the correct user/group and permissions are preserved when copying.


My MP3 tracks and videos can't play on Rhythmbox and Videos :(

You would have to install ubuntu-restricted-extras

ubuntu-restricted-extras is a software package for Ubuntu that allows the user to install essential software which is not already included due to legal or copyright reasons.

It is a meta-package that installs:

Support for MP3 and unencrypted DVD playback
Microsoft TrueType core fonts
Flash plugin
codecs for common audio and video files

You can search for ubuntu-restricted-extras at the Ubuntu Software Center and Install via the software center

Or via terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T), type:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras


Older version of mysql retained in 16.04

Try the following steps to add the MySQL repository to your list and install MySQL 8.0. I have not tested this, but according to the docs it should work (unless I made a typing mistake).
Install the MySQL GPG Public key to your APT keyring: (also see this post)
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 5072E1F5

Add the MySQL Xenial Repo to your repo list: (according to this guide)
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu/ xenial mysql-8.0"

Update package list:
sudo apt-get update

Install MySQL 8.0:
sudo apt-get install mysql-server


Unable to mount the windows drive on which windows 8 is installed

The message it self have the answer. The windows you are using was not shutdown properly and you put it in Hibernate, so its refused to mount when you are trying to do so.

what you have to do means boot into Windows and then shutdown it properly. Then you can mount windows( :C ) partition without any issues.

Hope that helps.
I
Another way. Open your terminal and instal ntfs-config. To install that type as sudo apt-get install ntfs-config

After installing that you can round it in unity menu.from there mount your partition as read only. You can not mount your partition as read write unless you shutdown your windows.


newly installed applications not shown in Application menu or panel

Wmgtemp is a tool for Windows Maker (this is another X window manager) and uses lm_sensors to display CPU temperature. For Ubuntu the default window manager is Metacity or Compiz.


I would suggest defining multiple field separators (i.e. :, ,, and }) and then select the fields accordingly:

awk 'BEGIN { FS = "[:,}]" } { print $3,$5,$6,$7 } '


Enabling unattended-upgrades from a shell script

Just make a copy of /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades after configuring it the way you like, and drop that into place on your target machine.  You could embed it in your script, or you could rsync or wget it in from a server, or whatever.

So basically your script might do something like this:

apt-get install unattended-upgrades
wget -O /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades http://myserver.mytld/confs/20auto-upgrades
/etc/init.d/unattended-upgrades restart

There's really no reason to monkey with the dpkg-reconfigure script at all.

If you don't want to fetch the conf file from a remote server, it's VERY very short and simple - the default version, which fetches and installs security updates only, looks like this:

APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";

So you can just echo those lines into the config file directly with the following:

echo -e "APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists \"1\";\nAPT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade \"1\";\n" > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades


Routes not added after running `pon` to start pptp client

#/bin/sh

should be

#!/bin/sh

and make sure the file is executable.


Install openssh-server on system A:

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

Then from system B type:

ssh -t user_login@ip_of_system_A "/path_to_your_script arg1 arg2"

Just replace user_login, ip_of_system_A and path_to_your_script for your needs.


Can't test the site player.pl (no free content on the main page) but free content of vod.tvp.pl renders fine on Ubuntu 16.04.2 and Chromium 58.


You can try to set the rights of the uploads folder to 777 (read and write access for all users). But this is not secure. You should not use this on a production system or a system with multiple users.
Anyway, this would work like this
sudo chown -R 777 /home/username/public_html/uploads

The other (and better) way would be to use mod_ruid2 for Apache.
You can download it from here http://sourceforge.net/projects/mod-ruid/

You have to compile it and after that you have to enable the module sudo a2enmod ruid2

With this installed and enabled, you can edit the configuration file of the userdir module sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/userdir.conf

Add the follwowing

<IfModule mod_ruid2.c>
RMode stat
RUidGid username usergroup
RGroups username usergroup
</IfModule>

After that, you have to restart the Apache service sudo service apache2 restart

With this configuration you can use the public_html directory with your user and usergroup.

But this only works, if you have only one user with an userdir public_html Apache.


Getting Eclipse CDT Helios to recognize i586 gcc mingw32 as a compiler, any ideas?

While this guide targets wxwidgets, it's the best answer I could find.  Also, it targets windows, but the theory remains the same.


ALC1220, no sound through rear panel out, headphones work

Gigabyte X299 Gaming 7 has two audio outputs on the back. Analog and digital.
Digital is set to default on fresh system.
To use audio jack I had to change the default port of audio device.

This can be changed in gui in pavucontrol.
I selected "Headphones (unplugged)" in Output Devices tab in Port combo box:

This made my rear analog port work. Unfortunately I had to do it after every power cycle (maybe because false negative unplugged state).

To do the same thing in command line we need port name. Use pacmd list-sinks. My printed this port section:

ports:
    analog-output-lineout: Line Out (priority 9900, latency offset 0 usec, available: yes)
        properties:

    analog-output-headphones: Headphones (priority 9000, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
        properties:
            device.icon_name = "audio-headphones"

So we have our port name, now you can set it as default from command line:

pacmd set-sink-port 0 analog-output-headphones

To make it persistent across reboots,
add line
set-sink-port 0 analog-output-headphones
to pulse audio config file:
/etc/pulse/default.pa


Finally I found the problem myself. It was a problem of increasing ulimit (in my case for using HBase).

What I did:
While startup, I pressed Esc and then choose to start in recovery mode. In the following recovery menu I selected root shell. I moved to my home directory and looked through .bash_history and found what I changed last before the problem occured:

Like in http://hbase.apache.org/book/configuration.html section 2.1.2.5.1. told, I changed the following files:

/etc/security/limits.conf

/etc/pam.d/common-session

I removed the inserted lines for the HBase configuration and the login worked again normally.


cannot boot to built-in solid state drive

Thanks, Riccardo, my solution in this case was much simpler: Just shifting the BIOS variable 'SATA Operation' from 'RAID On' to 'AHCI'. This brought back my internal drive including everything I installed during the first 1 1/2 week of my possession. Now my system just works fine.

Apparently, 'RAID On' is Dell's default, but there are indications concerning a related model and a different Linux distribution that this is not optimal with Linux:

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dell_XPS_13_2-in-1_(7390)

Notice the sentence:

  In order for Linux to see the internal NVMe SSD, it must be changed in the BIOS from the default "RAID mode" to "AHCI mode".


switching from nvidia to intel gpu keeping nvida driver

Try creating intel.conf file in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d directory. Create the directory if it doesn't exist. File content should be as follows:

Section "Device"
    Identifier     "My intel card"
    Driver         "intel"
EndSection

Then restart your X server. I'm not sure about the config directory location in 15.10. You can check it by analysing /var/log/Xorg.0.conf. It should contain following line:

[   timestamp] (==) Using system config directory "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d"

OR

[   timestamp] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"

In the latter case of course you should move your file to the /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d

If your log contains something like Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf try moving the file aside (for example renaming to xorg.conf.wasgood).

After X server restart you should get X windows running on intel driver, leaving your nvidia ready for CUDA magic.


If you have access to the inside of the computer you can detach the power cable of the internal HDD (when the system is powered down of course). Then you can boot normally from CD and follow the normal installation procedure to install on your external USB HDD. The only issue with this method is that you need to manually configure GRUB and change the BIOS boot priority to first USB, then HDD.


HDD makes high-pitched noise in Windows, but it is silent in Ubuntu!

It is probably set to spin-down when the system is idle


How can I fix duplicate icons for Telegram in MATE?

In MATE, right clicking on the menu and selecting "Edit menus" will get you the menu editor:

Find the Telegram entries under the Internet category in the menu editor application, and uncheck one of them. The process is very similar for XFCE. Note that using this menu editor, you can completely customize the menu, move things around, and so on. It's pretty cool :-)


Install Ubuntu to another partition from running, installed system on the same disk

You can replicate the original OS, or an OS after updates, without a reboot by use of dd or GNOME Disk. The steps will vary according to the Partition Table Format used (MBR or GPT).

You will need to disable swap with swapoff before replication, and re-enable it with swapon afterwards. Therefore, a separate swap partition, shared by both instances of the OS, is recommended.

If you do not use an installation app, GRUB will not know about the second OS on the second partition. Amending GRUB manually to permit multibooting is much more complex than just running through installation again to install another OS instance into partition 2. But, yes, it can be done.

The other alternative is RAID-1, where the second drive continually mirrors the first. If the first instance of the OS fails, the instance on the second drive automatically picks up the slack.


How to remove Ubuntu and put Windows back on?

If you have a single-boot system with only Ubuntu installed, you can install Windows directly and override Ubuntu completely. To remove Ubuntu from a Ubuntu/Windows dual boot system, you will first need to replace the GRUB bootloader with the Windows bootloader. Then, you would need to remove the Ubuntu partitions.

The first step can be done with a Windows Recovery DVD/Installation DVD or a Ubuntu Live DVD. If you have a newer Dell laptop (such as the Dell Inspiron), you would need to do so by changing the boot sequence in the UEFI settings, which will be discussed later.

Using Windows Recovery or Installation Media

If you don't have a Windows recovery or installation media, you can download official ISO files for Windows 10, Windows 8, or Windows 7 from the Microsoft Download Center and burn them on a DVD or a USB drive. Windows will only install as an evaluation copy for 30 days without a genuine product key.

Grab a Windows recovery or installation media and boot from it.  You should see this or a similar screen on a recovery media.

You should see this on an installation media.  Click "Repair your computer" and you should see a screen like the first image.

Open the Command Prompt, then type bootrec /fixmbr into the Command Prompt.

Reboot and boot into Windows.  Then follow the steps below to remove the Ubuntu partitions.

Using a Ubuntu Live DVD and Boot Repair

If you don't have a Windows recovery CD or you are constrained to download and burn the ISO files mentioned before, you can use Boot-repair.  It is a tool that fixes most boot problems(Windows or Ubuntu).  I suggest using a Windows CD if possible.

Boot from a Ubuntu Live DVD or USB
Type these lines in the terminal one line at a time.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install boot-repair

Search for Boot-Repair in the Dash and launch it.

To fix your computer with Boot-repair, simply click the "Recommended Repair" button.  Then follow the steps below to remove the Ubuntu Partitions.

Changing the Boot Sequence in the UEFI settings of a Dell computer

Newer Dell laptops like the Dell Inspiron requires the bootloader order to be changed directly in the UEFI settings. This can be done with the following steps.

Pressing F12 when the Dell logo appears.
Go to General → Boot Sequence. Under the Boot Sequence section, select Ubuntu, then click Delete Boot Option.
Reboot your computer.

Deleting Ubuntu Partitions

After the previous steps, your computer should boot directly into Windows.

Go to Start, right click Computer, then select Manage.  Then select Disk Management from the sidebar.

Right-click your Ubuntu partitions and select "Delete". Check before you delete!
Then, right-click the partition that is on the Left of the free space.  Select "Extend Volume".  Go through the Wizard and Finish it.

Done!

Note from Tanner: If you are using an extended partition, you might have to remove the big extended partition to make the space unallocated.


Here

Here the font settings are working.

Something to look

(1) If you start the fonts control module from the konsole, do you get any error messages ?

Commands:

:~$ kcmshell4 fonts

.

    :~$ kcmshell4 --help

        Usage: kcmshell4 [Qt-options] [KDE-options] [options] module

        A tool to start single KDE control modules

        Generic options:
          --help                    Show help about options
        ...
        Options:
          --list                    List all possible modules
        ...
        fonts                     - Font settings

(2) The kde fonts settings are saved in the kdeglobals. If the kdeglobals is owned by the root then an ordinary user can't change the fonts settings.

Who is the owner of the kdeblobals file ?

:~$ ls -l ~/.kde/share/config/kdeglobals

Should be your user.

Here(rog):

:~$ ls -l ~/.kde/share/config/kdeglobals
-rw------- 1 rog rog 1814 2011-10-19 13:32 /home/rog/.kde/share/config/kdeglobals

Here the kdeglobals has:

<clip>
[General]
BrowserApplication[$e]=!rekonq
XftHintStyle=hintmedium
desktopFont=Sans Serif,9,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
fixed=Monospace,9,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
font=Sans Serif,9,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
menuFont=Sans Serif,9,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
smallestReadableFont=Sans Serif,8,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
taskbarFont=Sans Serif,9,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
toolBarFont=Sans Serif,8,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
widgetStyle=oxygen
<clip>

When you are using the fonts control module is the kdeglobals updating ?

(3) Sometimes the KDE setting files get mangled and the KDE can't use them. To test this make a new user, System Settings > User Management. Log in as the new user - does the new user have the same problem with the font settings ?

If the font settings are working with the new username then the old user's configuration files could be damaged. You could rename the old user's kdeglobals from the new user session. When you log in with the old usename the KDE should build new default kdeglobals for the old user.


If you open System Settings and click on Printers does the printer show up? Look in the "/dev" directory, is there a "usb" folder?

~$ ls /dev/usb
lp0
~$

If you don't have an lp in your usb directory I would suggest trying some other usb ports on your machine or trying other devices in that port. USB ports are notorious for becoming faulty, usually due to constant plugging action and the fact they have power running through them.

I didn't have to do a damn thing for my HPDJ3512. It didn't even ask me to install anything, it just showed up.


The solution on the first link that is suggested by N0rbert at the comments section of the original post did not work. However, this Opera extension here worked pretty well, even without having to install Chrome extension for Webex. I just selected Windows10+Chrome from the extension, and now I am able to connect to the Webex from Opera on Ubuntu machine.


grub workaround for cannot find UUID in dual boot system fails and now grub won't boot anything

Well, since it really is a two part question, I can answer the implicit first one about how to get grub2 to at least boot ubuntu.

It goes like this:

Boot from LiveCD (x86 11.10 Desktop)
Mount the root of the Ubuntu 10.10 at /mnt
Change root
Remove workaround changes to /usr/lib/grub/grub-mkconfig_lib
Run update-grub
Reboot

The above steps are from near the bottom of the Ubuntu Community Documentation of Grub2

⋯the particulars are by example after booting from CD and running in terminal…

sudo -i  ⋯  I've spent too many years as su, but you shold use "sudo …" in front of each command

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo -i

fdisk -l ⋯ that's a lower case L ⋯ Find the 11.10 installation partitions, (other disks snipped here)

fdisk -l

⋯ ⋯ ⋯

Disk /dev/sde: 300.1 GB, 300089646592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36483 cylinders, total 586112591 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xc3f5ebeb

Device    Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sde2       138464296   586110975   223823340    5  Extended
/dev/sde3   *        2048   138463231    69230592   83  Linux
/dev/sde5       138464298   313460279    87497991    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sde6       313460736   317650943     2095104   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sde7       317652992   581922815   132134912   83  Linux
/dev/sde8       581924864   586110975     2093056   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition table entries are not in disk order

mount /dev/sde3 /mnt ⋯ my root partition, sde7 is my home partition

ls /mnt ⋯ just checking to see if I got it right

root@ubuntu:~# mount /dev/sde3 /mnt
root@ubuntu:~# ls /mnt
bin   cdrom  etc   initrd.img      lib         media  opt   root  sbin     srv  tmp  var      vmlinuz.old
boot  dev    home  initrd.img.old  lost+found  mnt    proc  run   selinux  sys  usr  vmlinuz

for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done ⋯ do as one line

chroot /mnt ⋯ change the root

sudoedit /usr/lib/grub/grub-mkconfig_lib ⋯ here I undo the changes

update-grub ⋯ now update grub

root@ubuntu:~# for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
root@ubuntu:~# chroot /mnt
root@ubuntu:/# sudoedit /usr/lib/grub/grub-mkconfig_lib
root@ubuntu:/# update-grub
Generating grub.cfg ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-13-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-13-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found Microsoft Windows XP Professional on /dev/sdc1
done

sudoedit /etc/default/grub ⋯ check to see if changed (should be same as the original)

sudoedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg ⋯ check to see if mounting by UUID as originally

And it was.

Now to file a bug report for the boot failure…


As of August 2017, you can use kdeconnect on Unity if you install kde-connect indicator. To do that:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/indicator-kdeconnect
sudo apt update
sudo apt install indicator-kdeconnect


What happened to tzdata-java in Xenial 16.04?

tzdata-java was removed because OpenJDK 8 does not provide the necessary files to build it. Quoting the Debian bug report which prompted its removal:

  The problem is that the default java has recently been switched to openjdk-8, which doesn't provide javazic.jar. As such we can't build tzdata-java anymore.

The other answer gives a PPA which provides a Xenial tzdata-java package for OpenJDK 6 and 7.


How can I solve the Chrome performance problems on Ubuntu Gnome 15.04?

This was a bug in Ubuntu 14.10. Chromium was slow in graphics rendring. There is a workaround

Run following command in terminal sudo xdiagnose and disable bootloader graphics, VESA framebuffer driver and PAT.

See, If it works for you.
for more information about this bug you can follow this link


Angular CLI & Jenkins continous integration permissions

Unfortunately, you can't just easily copy the data over.  Rather, why not let NGINX go fetch the data via a symlink?
Create a symlink of the build destination directory in /var/www instead:
sudo mv /var/www/html /var/www/html.old
sudo ln -s /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/mywebsite/dist /var/www/html

This should, assuming that NGINX can also read the data in the /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/mywebsite/dist folder, bypass the need to let Jenkins directly copy things into a folder outside its control.
Note that I strongly suggest you use /var/www/domain.tld, replacing domain.tld with your actual site, and then use that for the document root in the nginx site configuration instead of /var/www/html.  There is an NGINX Configuration Pitfalls entry about the potential issues of using the default document root which is relevant here.  It specifically states:

Using the Default Document Root
NGINX packages that exist in Ubuntu, Debian, or other operating
systems, as an easy-to-install package will often provide a ‘default’
configuration file as an example of configuration methods, and will
often include a document root to hold a basic HTML file.
Most of these packaging systems do not check to see if files are
modified or exist within the default document root, which can result
in code loss when the packages are upgraded. Experienced system
administrators know that there is no expectation of the data inside
the default document root to remain untouched during upgrades.
You should not use the default document root for any site-critical
files. There is no expectation that the default document root will be
left untouched by the system and there is an extremely high
possibility that your site-critical data may be lost upon updates and
upgrades to the NGINX packages for your operating system.


Pipelight firefox: Silverlight not correctly installed - aborting

It seems that the recommended packages of Pipelight were not correctly installed. Try to install them manually:

sudo apt-get --reinstall install wine-compholio wine-silverlight5.1-installer wine-mpg2splt-installer

Since you are using firefox, you may also need to follow this guide https://answers.launchpad.net/pipelight/+faq/2349 to update the plugin cache of firefox.

If you still experience issues, please take a look at the pipelight diagnostic website: http://fds-team.de/pipelight/ which will show you what's going wrong.


How to connect WebCamStudio output to VLC media player (as an input)

you can find an answer going to G+ WebcamStudio community here :

https://plus.google.com/communities/110329269823088092206

Karl.


Error on boot: unknown command 'gfxmode'. Pressing any key continues

Open /etc/grub.d/proxifiedScripts/linux :

gksu gedit /etc/grub.d/proxifiedScripts/linux

Next, search for gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode in that file.

Comment out the line, with a # like(just in-case you need it):

#gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode

That will fix the problem but if you want to fix gfxmode Edit the line so that it says:

set gfxmode=\$linux_gfx_mode

Save the file.

Note: there could be older script files in the same directory that
also perpetuate the error. I made the above change, only to find grub
was still balking on the "gfxmode" line. In the
/etc/grub.d/proxifiedScripts dir I also found a file named
"linux~1". Apparently, any script files in that dir get executed. In
any case, when I edited the same line the same way in the "linux~1"
file as well and updated grub, the problem went away. My guess is
that "linux~1" is an older copy of the script and that I probably
ought to have simply deleted it (or chmodded it non-executable).

Then you will need to update grub using the command:

 sudo update-grub


Why doesn't Software Center prompt for root creds?

Try running the software center from command line using

sudo ubuntu-software

see if this works.


Start dconf, and search for night-light, and see if your settings look somewhat similar to this...

Update #1:

Creating a new user account, and logging in there, shows that Night Light works fine. So something is wrong in the original user's account directory.

Update #2:

Renaming .config to .config.HOLD, logging out, logging in, made the desktop icons return, and Night Light worked again. Something is wrong in the .config.HOLD folder.

Compress .config.HOLD to a zip file, just for backup purposes. Then move the new .config out to the desktop. Rename .config.HOLD to .config. Move a few INDIVIDUAL files from the desktop .config folder into the .config folder, replacing files when prompted. Do a few. Log out. Log in and retest desktop icons and Night Light. Repeat until it all works.


Cannot install unity due to compiz-core-abiversion-20110828

Use aptitude to resolve problems, it's better then apt-get.

sudo apt-get install aptitude
sudo apt-get update && sudo aptitude -f install && sudo aptitude dist-upgrade
sudo aptitude install unity

also run this (which'll save you some time in the future). When holding [Alt] and typing ai inserts sudo aptitude install under cursor :-)

echo  "\"\\ea\\ei\": \"sudo aptitude install \"" >> ~/.inputrc


Ubuntu 15.04 - cannot enable additional drivers

I had the same problem. I have installed Ubuntu without an enternet connection and I can't get this driver installed. I just reinstall Ubuntu from the CD with a wired connection. I'm sure that this is a new bug with this new Ubuntu version.


I can ping some host but not all from network on OpenVPN tun

resolved the issue by adding to the firewall/gateway's iptable the following rule

iptables -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/16 -d <VPN_IP_address> --SNAT-to-source <gateway_IP>

gateway_IP being the IP of the gateway's internal interface


I fixed it by add panel item "Window Buttons"


How to configure lightdm to allow manual logins in Ubuntu 14.04

Ok I finally found the solution, very simple. The file to edit is now located in /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d, and is called: 50-ubuntu.conf.

I just added the line:

greeter-show-manual-login=true

and on next reboot I was able to input any user name on the login screen.


One approach is to add an @reboot cron task:

Running crontab -e will allow you to edit your cron.
Adding a line like this to it:

@reboot /path/to/script

will execute that script once your computer boots up.


Cracking sound when unplugging headphone or extrenal speakers

This sounds like an ubuntu "issue".

That said, it sounds more like Windows8 just has a workaround for this, because it is common in all audio hardware. When you unplug audio hardware, the current flows through whatever touches the contacts. Since the plug is moving, different poles contact different contacts and cause the popping sound. It's not a hardware defect, it just looks like Windows has a way of detecting when you unplug hardware quicker, so it can mute that effect. In Ubuntu it does the mute effect, but not in time to stop the cracking in that one channel.


Found the solution as follows:

  Go to chrome://flags

  Look for “Override Software Rendering List”, i.e. enabling GPU
  acceleration on unsupported hardware and ENABLE it, RESTART chrome
  (close the background process if you have that running on the top of
  the bar)

http://www.webupd8.org/2014/01/enable-hardware-acceleration-in-chrome.html


This answer has been adapted from Takkat's answer answering the
  question How do I start applications automatically on login?

Option 1: Editing the desktop configuration file manually

When the "Start BleachBit with computer" checkbox is activated, it creates a desktop configuration file called bleachbit in ~/.config/autostart/. This is very well explained in the posts Where are startup commands stored? and where is “startup applications” user config file for disabled and enabled applications?

If you want to access the folder with nautilus make sure to enable View > Show Hidden Files, or use the Ctrl+H shortcut.

Edit the file with your text editor of choice, for example using gedit. Open the terminal and run the command:

gedit ~/.config/autostart/bleachbit

Inside the file, locate the line Exec=bleachbit and replace it with:

Exec=bleachbit -c --preset

Save the changes. We're done.

Notice that after saving, the desktop configuration file is renamed automatically to bleachbit.desktop. This is default behavior.

Option 2: Using the gnome-session-properties interface

If you prefer not to mess around with the desktop configuration file, you can use the gnome-session-properties interface, which will do that for you.

First, open BleachBit and make sure that the "Start BleachBit with computer" checkbox is activated.

Next, open the terminal and run:

gnome-session-properties

The man page reads:

  DESCRIPTION

  The gnome-session-properties program enables the users to configure
  what applications should be started on login, in addition to the
  default startup applications configured on the system.

  It also proposes an interface to save a snapshot of the currently
  running applications so that they can automatically be restored to
  their current state on your next GNOME session.

It will open the Startup Applications Preferences panel:

Select the "BleachBit" entry and click on "Edit".

Locate the "Command" field and replace the string with bleachbit -c --preset

Click on "Save". We're done.


First of all : Copy all your personal data you want to keep to another drive.
Boot into Windows, open command prompt as administrator and execute:

powercfg /h off

Open Windows Control Panel -> Power Settings and uncheck Fast Startup.
Important : Shutdown the machine completely and do NOT restart the PC.

Boot from the Ubuntu installation media you have created before.
Select 'Try Ubuntu without installing' to boot into the Live desktop.

Open GParted (to do it press the Windows key and type GParted).
Right-click and delete all partitions on the disk, one after the other.

Create a new partition - format it with fat32 - choose a size of about 300 MB.
Create a new partition - format it with ext4 - choose a size of minimum 20 GB.
Create a new partition - format it with swap - choose a size matching the RAM.

On the desktop click Install Ubuntu - when asked what to do, choose 'Something else'.
Select the ext4 partition you had created with GParted for the Ubuntu system before.
Select / as mount point and ext4 file system as format ... start the Ubuntu installation.


Snap Store is not working in Ubuntu 20.04

i have found a answer
sudo snap remove snap-store
sudo snap install snap-store


It is suitable. Alternatives:

Tilda (used to be somewhat unmaintained),
XFCE Terminal and Terminator (both of which can be configured to act as drop-down terminals)
Yakuake will have a rather large set of dependencies, but aside from that it should work fine too.


To add the PPA, open terminal from the Dash or by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T. When it opens, run command:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:caffeine-developers/ppa

After that, update package cache and install the indicator by running below two commands one by one:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install caffeine

Now to run the caffeine indicator from terminal easily open your terminal and run the command:

caffeine

Note that whenever you start a command by first letters then use the tricky double tab key to autocomplete or show all commands starting with those letters.


You should use -c public to get the results you are after. In short:

snmpwalk -v 2c -c public -O e 127.0.0.1

If you then want full access to the MIB tree, you should also uncomment the following line in /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf:

# rocommunity public  localhost


Where in linux file system can i see files of Hadoop HDFS?

You cannot directly browse HDFS from terminal using cat or similar commands. HDFS is a logical file system and does not directly map to Unix file system. You should have an HDFS client and your Hadoop cluster should be running. When you browse HDFS, you are getting your directory structure from namenode and actual data from datanodes.

Although you cannot browse, data is there stored by datanode daemon. Its path is specified by dfs.data.dir property in hdfs-site.xml.

Directory structure is stored by namenode daemon and its path is specified by dfs.name.dir property in hdfs-site.xml


Can I "Help" the Ubuntu 20.04 Installer Find the Existing OS?

Take a look at my answer here. I don't have the same machine as you so I can't try this out myself, but here are my suspicions:

As already mentioned in the comments, the Ubuntu installer cannot detect macOS because of the APFS formatting. This is not a problem though, because you can select "Something Different" as the install location and choose a previously created partition (see my linked answer).
From what I understand about the differences between our hardware (with / without T2-chip), you can follow my answer and just skip step "Boot and Install Ubuntu"#1.

You may have already made some changes to your system that you want to revert before following my instructions. To remove rEFInd, follow this answer. To remove entries in the EFI partition that the Ubuntu installer may have created, enter the following instructions in your Mac terminal (one after another):

sudo diskutil mount disk0s1
cd /Volumes/EFI/EFI
rm -r boot ubuntu
cd ~
diskutil unmount disk0s1

If there is no entry, you'll receive an error message at the rm-part (which is fine).


Shutdown does not power off computer with db derby service

[SOLVED]

I write my own service script. Now db derby works as expected.

Setting Apache DB Derby under Ubuntu 12.04 as service.

Copy file derby to directory /etc/init.d/

#!/bin/bash
#
# Startup script for Derby
#
# description: Derby startup script
# to enable on bootup on debian "update-rc.d derby defaults" or the
# to disable on bootup on debian "update-rc.d derby remove"

DBDIR=/var/db/derby
APPCOMMAND=/opt/db-derby-10.9.1.0-bin/bin/NetworkServerControl

start() {
    echo -n "Derby Starting: "
    cd $DBDIR
    sudo -u derby mv derby.2.log derby.3.log
    sudo -u derby mv derby.1.log derby.2.log
    sudo -u derby mv derby.log derby.1.log
    sudo -u derby $APPCOMMAND start -h 0.0.0.0 &
    sudo -u derby sleep 3
    sudo -u derby chmod 644 derby.log
}

stop() {
echo -n $"Derby Shutting down: "
    $APPCOMMAND shutdown &
}

status() {
    echo "Derby has status: "
    $APPCOMMAND ping
}

case "$1" in
    start)
        start
        ;;
     stop)
        stop
        ;;
     restart)
        stop
        sleep 3
        start
        ;;
     status)
        status
        ;;
     *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}"
     exit 1
esac

exit $?

Then install script as service by command update-rc.d derby defaults.

Uninstall script by command update-rc.d derby remove.

Set directory /var/db/derby to owner derby.

sidlo64@ubuntu:/var/db$ ls -al
drwxr-xr-x  3 root  root  4096 srp 24 16:48 .
drwxr-xr-x 16 root  root  4096 srp 26 06:45 ..
drwxr-xr-x  3 derby derby 4096 srp 24 22:28 derby

For manually stop database use service derby stop.

For manually start database use sudo service derby start.


Broken xfce4 applications menu entry - I know where the executable is but I don't know how to fix it

Application menu (or launcher or dash or however your desktop environment calls it) entries are usually defined by .desktop files, which are just regular text files that contain the needed information like name, command, icon, etc. in a specific format.

There are two places where these files are stored, either globally for all users in /usr/share/applications or locally for your own user account only in ~/.local/share/applications. If the system created such an entry for you and you were not required to enter your sudo password, it should be in the user location.

You can search for a .desktop file in that folder which corresponds to your application in question and either manually edit it with your favourite text editor to fix the command/executable path (some line starting with Exec=), or just delete the file and let your application recreate it.


terminal - count how many types of (file) extensions exist with their associated files in current directory

The duplicate candidate (deep down) has a close answer. Here it is modified:

find . -maxdepth 1 -type f | sed 's/.*\.//' | sort | uniq -c


Getting error message :You are missing the following 32-bit libraries, and Steam may not run: libc.so.6

Run :

 sudo apt-get install '^libc6.*'

if doesn't work then:.

Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and run the following commands:

For 64-bit Ubuntu:

 sudo ln -s /lib64/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 /lib64/libc.so.6

For 32-bit Ubuntu:

 sudo ln -s /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 /lib/libc.so.6


Cannot download softwares from the Software Center

There might be updates pending that need to be installed before installing software. Make sure that your software sources are updated.

To update your system press Alt+F2 while in your desktop and look for update-manager

Press Check and after it is finished press Install Updates.

Has an option you can open a terminal and do the same with sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade. This is preferable since if you get any errors you can copy them and include them in your question.

To open a terminal just press the keys Ctrl+t while in your desktop.

Reboot to be sure and try to install the software again.


Bash script doesn't work properly in crontab but does work manually

Thanks to muru, I was able to find the answer to my question.

As it happens, the bash script and the cron job are working correctly.  The housekeeping.py had an error that occurs when executed as 'root' and not 'ubuntu', but which I could not see.

The error was revealed by adding the following to the top of the bash script:

exec 2>/home/ubuntu/log

Which has the effect of piping the output of all programs started in the bash script into a log file.


It is not possible enable Canonical Partners on Ubuntu 18.04

Try to select another mirror in Software & Updates - Download From: Main Server, then it should ask password. Then try again to enable Canonical Partners repository.

Really it seems to be a bug - one of bug 1727908 or bug 1720517.


No Apply button on Display settings Ubuntu 18.04

The "apply" button was not present after I changed an external monitor orientation. I discovered by chance that dragging the screen icon a tiny bit made the apply button magically appear.


Black screen on boot after upgrade to 14.04

When grub2 appears press 'e'.

Locate the line with

linux .... ro

and change it to

linux .... rw

it worked for me. It seems a bug on machine with double booting where ubuntu has been intsalled through Wubi


How to port email from evolution to thunderbird?

Since the solutions above didn't work for me and because I think this should help a lot of users. Without guarantee ;-)

Why the problem is still relevant

I've had the same problem and unfortunately Evolution was not able to export the mails correctly as mbox files. So I searched a good amount of time and finally found a solution.

I have a lot of folders and really a lot of messages. For some reason Evolution created mbox-files being really big (about 2GB for 100MB of mails). The size wouldn't be that problem, but Thunderbird couldn't import that files.

The solution

So fortunately there is this python script which gives advanced users the opportunity to move mails from Evolution to Thunderbird.

The solution is described here:

WFM

I used: Thunderbird 12.0.1, Evolution 3.2.3, Ubuntu 12.04.

Using the python script to convert from maildir to mbox you can create a mbox-structure that is imported with only a couple of clicks:

Better safe than sorry: Copy your maildir structure from ~/.local/share/evolution/mail/local/ to a directory of your choice - let's say /tmp/mail-copy/local
$ cd /tmp/mail-copy/
Use the script $ python maildir2mbox.py local LocalMbox
Open Thunderbird (should be installed and Import/Export Tools too)
Right click on your Inbox and select Import/Export->Import mbox file->Import one or more mbox files, with its/their subdirectories and select the /tmp/mail-copy/LocalMbox file
Enjoy your thousands of old mails :-)


How to lock without turning the screen (monitor) off?

If you need or want a solution that prevents the screen to fall asleep, but that does dim/lock the screen after a while, there is another solution: instead of the system's own dim/lock option, use the script below to run in the background. You will need to install xprintidle.

How to set up:

Disable all dim / lock options in System Settings. (In Brightness & lock AND in "Energy" settings)
install xprintidle:

sudo apt-get install xprintidle

Find your screen name; run in a terminal:

xrandr

Look for the name in the line where it says "connected". Your screen name could be for example VGA-1 or DVI-I-1.
Copy the script below, set the correct screen_name, the idle time before it should lock/dim the screen, and paste it into an empty file. Save it aslock_dim.py

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import subprocess
import time

seconds = 600 # number of seconds to wait before lock/dim the screen
screen_name = "DVI-I-1" # example, replace it with your screen's name

awake = True

while True:
    curr_idle = subprocess.check_output(["xprintidle"]).decode("utf-8").strip()
    if awake == True:
        if int(curr_idle) > seconds*1000:
            command1 = "gnome-screensaver-command -l"
            command2 = "xrandr --output "+screen_name+" --brightness 0.1"
            subprocess.call(["/bin/bash", "-c", command1])
            subprocess.call(["/bin/bash", "-c", command2])
            awake = False
        else:
            pass
    elif awake == False:
        if int(curr_idle) > seconds*1000:
            pass
        else:
            command3 = "xrandr --output "+screen_name+" --brightness 1"
            subprocess.call(["/bin/bash", "-c", command3])
            awake = True
    time.sleep(2)

Test the script by opening a terminal and type:

python3 /path/to/lock_dim.py

If it works as you like, add it to your startup applications: Open Dash > "Startup Applications" > "Add", add the command:

python3 /path/to/lock_dim.py


Upgrade Meizu MX4 ubuntu edition to OTA-10 fails

I have excatly the same problem as you. I have filled bug for this behavior here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/canonical-devices-system-image/+bug/1568889


Error while running sudo apt-get update: "ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'apt_pkg'"

So i solved the error.
I uninstalled python and installed it again and boom!


Gnome 3 notifications are replaced with notify-osd when the machine goes to sleep

notifications are sent via DBUS and after installing notify-osd it redirects all notifications to itself.

This would not be particulary troublesome if not so many packages would depend on notify-osd directly (ubuntu-desktop, blueman, guake, update-notifier, network-manager-gnome, rhythmbox to name a few), efffectively breaking the ability to choose the notification system I'd like.

You can remove the diversion with the following command:

sudo dpkg-divert --remove --rename --package notify-osd --divert /usr/share/dbus-1/services/org.freedesktop.Notifications.service.notify-osd /usr/share/dbus-1/services/org.freedesktop.Notifications.service

But (I haven't tested this) this might either break updates of notify-osd (and thus your system) in a bad way or it might just reappear on the next update of notify-osd.


Which partition should I install the bootloader on?

Have a good read through the Community Documentation here;

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsDualBoot

GRUB needs to be installed into the Master Boot Record of your hard drive and it will detect Win7 and automatically include it as a boot option.


Integrated Webcam of Dell XPS 13 2in1 is not detected on Ubuntu 20.04

Please post the output of
$ lsusb
$ lspci
$ lsmod | grep video
$ ls /dev | grep video
$ uname -a
$ dmesg | grep "video"


How do I use the dowloaded OS Ubuntu file on my cumputer

Yeah you need to burn it to CD or USB and boot to that media to install.

There are a number of guides on the download page under the header "Easy ways to switch to Ubuntu 14.04 LTS" (second big thing on the page).


Poor wireless performance with RealTek RTL8723BE

Try to channel the wireless channel from 1 to 11 and check the performance

Check the frequency and channel

sudo nm-tool

nm-tool will list all of the visible wifi networks' frequencies.

sudo iwlist frequency

The command sudo iwlist frequency will give you a list of their corresponding wifi channel numbers.

Now change the channel to 11 with the following command

sudo iwconfig wlan0 channel 11

Hope this helps!


See this https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1007765?comments=all. Apparently this error is recurrent for Inspiron. The solution #71 had worked well for me on 12.10, but not anymore on 13.04. :/


It works with me using Keyboard Shortcuts

Open Keyboard Shortcuts.
Add a custom Keyboard shortcut with the command gnome-system-monitor.

3.Done


18.04 with AMD graphics card: black screen on boot, cursor in recovery mode

Problem solved. 'nomodeset' was the culprit.
Removing 'nomodeset' from within recovery mode apparently did not register it in the settings. Pressing 'e' to edit '*Ubuntu' in the grub menu solved it and then I could save the change in 'etc/default/grub'.
The computer works fine now with the drivers from the AMD website.


Intel Atom Cpu D510 1.66GHz Dual Core 32 bits can run in 16.04 or 17.04?

Both options work and I am sure there will be no major performance differences between 17.04 and 16.04, and the documentation says the same. Although if I were you I would install Lubuntu which is a really lightweight version of Ubuntu with less preinstalled packages. Also you did not mention the amount of memory you had so if it is below 1 gig i would recommend Lubuntu.

It is great for low spec systems like the one above, but Ubuntu regular should work as well.

Here is some documentation to read up on for further questions:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements

All the best


Wifi disabled, have to turn off and turn on

I had a similar problem on Xubuntu, try to run

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo dpkg --configure -a

Then restart the PC. Also, you can check for additional drivers on the driver Utility.

If the problem persist, look at

dmesg

And attach the output on a text file.

Also, you can see this entry: WiFi Issues


Installed Ubuntu 16.04, but it isn't booting

You can try to set grub as the standard boot option from Windows:

Open a CMD-prompt as Administrator
type bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi and hit Enter
reboot
You should now get the Grub menu. To modify how grub behaves I would recommend using boot-repair and its advances options.


How to make Ubuntu a CLI after installing from live usb?

The alternative or server install is really the better way to accomplish this. But since I've got some spare time to bash up some problems. Here is a solution to your question. (Did this on ubuntu 11.10)

1) Start off by disabling gdm/lightdm by running

echo "manual" | sudo tee -a /etc/init/{gdm,lightdm}.override

2) Edit out the vt.handoff=7 part in /etc/grub.d/10_linux This is can be done using

sudo sed -i~ s/vt\.handoff=7// /etc/grub.d/10_linux (This also leaves a backup called 10_linux~ just in case).

3) Remove quiet and splash options from GRUB_CMD_LINUX_DEFAULT in /etc/default/grub by running

sudo  sed -i~ s/quiet\ splash// /etc/default/grub (backed up as grub~)

4) Update /boot/grub/grub.cfgby running

sudo update-grub

5) Reboot and rejoice.

Now it's just a matter of removing unwanted/unused packages.


Kubuntu screen magnifier doesn't follow the cursor

There is wmagnify, which is a stationary window that displays a magnified version of where the mouse pointer is. To use it you will have to sudo apt install wmaker and then run wmagnify from the terminal.In kubuntu you can make a window a "keep above others" from the window menu which is useful for wmagnify.Ubuntu man page for wmagnify here but basically keys 1-9 change the magnification. The window updates regularly (adjustable rate) so if you magnify something that is changing you will still see it, eg if you hover the mouse over the clock, it will update.
Edit: I should add there is also xzoom which is similar and I think is installed by default, but I find it inferior to wmagnify.


You can do kernel development with WSL 1 perfectly if you have these shortcomings in mind:

You can not debug the compiled kernel image in WSL itself; no problem if you target e.g. a raspberry pi or similar or  your kernel runs in a VM
There is a 50% performance penalty that affects compilation of large projects


Enable the 'Enabled Assistive Technologies' checkbox in the Accessibility settings in Settings Manager, then add the default Orca shortcut of Super + Alt + S in the Applications Shortcuts tab of the Keyboard settings.
https://docs.xfce.org/xfce/xfce4-settings/accessibility
https://gitlab.xfce.org/xfce/xfce4-settings/-/issues/169


Installing Ubuntu 20.04.2 Live ISO on a Dell R730 with Perc Raid controller

Can you be more specific on what raid controller MODEL you are using. I assume you've built an array and made it bootable in the controller bios and the controller is bootable? Is it an actual HARDWARE Raid controller or a softraid controller or HBA? How recent is the controller bios? I'm assuming it's likely an LSI oem controller as I think they made most of the Perc controllers but knowing which one would help.


Window title in bottom of Activities overview is not visible when opening multiple windows

You very likely cannot until you have good javascript coding capabilities to change the Ubuntu Dock extension, such that it also changes how the window spread works. Your best chance is to file an issue to the Ubuntu developers, and eventually also to the developer of the Dash to Dock extension, on which Ubuntu Dock is based.


Usually there is a special "Ubuntu" version of Linux programs
(.deb files or PPA repositories)
Which can be installed. Otherwise do this:

For just yourself:
put the program dir anywhere and create a launcher in ~/.local/share/applications/
which adds it to unity.

For others, you can do this for all users:
As root copy the folder to /opt (terminal: sudo nautilus /opt/ and then Drag-Drop)
And create a Launcher in /usr/share/applications by copying a existing one and changing it.


How to swap/remap the CAPS LOCK key with Tab key?

First list your current settings with

xmodmap -pke|egrep  -e '(Tab|Caps)'

I get this output

keycode  23 = Tab ISO_Left_Tab Tab ISO_Left_Tab
keycode  66 = Caps_Lock NoSymbol Caps_Lock

So, temporarily set your keymap

xmodmap -e "keycode  66 = Tab ISO_Left_Tab Tab ISO_Left_Tab"
xmodmap -e "keycode  23 = Caps_Lock NoSymbol Caps_Lock"

Assuming that works, add those lines to ~/.Xmodmap

keycode  66 = Tab ISO_Left_Tab Tab ISO_Left_Tab
keycode  23 = Caps_Lock NoSymbol Caps_Lock

You can then either log out and back in or

xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap


Unable to boot into Windows 10 on dual boot Ubuntu/Windows 10

Did you try updating the GRUB file?

Run the following:

sudo os-prober (type man os-prober to see what it does, see here for more info);
sudo grub-update (update the GRUB: you should see in the output both Ubuntu's and Windows' boot partitions);
sudo grub-install /dev/sda/ (Assuming your grub is installed at /dev/sda: change it accordingly)

Hope this helps!


How to type a section sign (§) into the Minecraft client

to type special characters in the terminal you need to use the compose key
To configure the compose key on Ubuntu, you need to install dconf and you can find the setting
in the package dconf/org/gnome/desktop/input-source/xkboptions

From Ubuntu 14.04

dconf → org → gnome → desktop → input-sources → xkboptions

e.g. to set the Alt Gr key as compose:

['compose:ralt']

Then you can use the compose key to type that special character.

By pressing Compose, some key, some key… in sequence, you can input characters. I have my compose key set to Menu; to type a © (copyright symbol), I would use Menu, o, c.
A full list of X compose key combinations can be found online (200 KiB), or locally in /usr/share/X11/locale/en_US.UTF-8/Compose.

The character "§" is included in the below list
XCOMM Other symbols
<Multi_key> <s> <o>                 : "§"   section # SECTION SIGN
<Multi_key> <o> <s>                 : "§"   section # SECTION SIGN
<Multi_key> <S> <O>             : "§"   section # SECTION SIGN
<Multi_key> <O> <S>             : "§"   section # SECTION SIGN
<Multi_key> <s> <exclam>        : "§"   section # SECTION SIGN
<Multi_key> <S> <exclam>        : "§"   section # SECTION SIGN
<Multi_key> <Cyrillic_pe> <Cyrillic_a>  : "§"   section # SECTION SIGN

The other option is typing the Unicode character as suggested from Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy.
The unicode character is available in this table


Erase disk and install Ubuntu on 2 hards

I assume you are talking about the installer process. When this "erase disk" question comes up, you should select - if possible - the /dev/sda partition and continue.
Ubuntu will be installed, but you won't see your second hdd disk - since it is not formatted for Linux -yet.
After reboot you should install "gparted" with sudo apt install gparted.
Open it afterwards as any other program - you will have to enter your user password.
Select the disk you need to format:(in this is example the hdd is located under /dev/sdb)

Now you can partition and format it, using the ext4 format. When it can be mounted manually. Or add it to your /etc/fstab - there are many answers explaining the last two steps - hope it helped you to get on the way..


I have python3 idle already installed on my computer, how can I install python2.7 idle too?

To install the version of IDLE that uses Python 2.7, install the idle-python2.7 package. The command to run that version of IDLE, once it's installed, is also idle-python2.7. (Though you may also be able to select it from menu in your desktop environment.)

One way to install the idle-python2.7 package is by running the commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install idle-python2.7

Then, to run it:

idle-python2.7

The approach shown above applies to installing any specific version of IDLE, though only a few tend to be provided in Ubuntu's repositories in any given release. You can see them all (and a few other packages) by listing packages whose names start with idle:

apt list 'idle*'

You may also find it helpful to search on https://packages.ubuntu.com for idle.

In most versions of Ubuntu so far, the idle package has provided IDLE for Python 2, while the idle3 package provided it for Python 3, just as the python package provides Python 2--which it still does. But in the most recent versions, including 18.04, which appears to be what you are running, the idle package installs IDLE for Python 3.

Even though the python package and command is still Python 2, the idle package and command in the newest releases is IDLE for Python 3.


How can I update wifi on Ubuntu 17.10 server?

After a LOT of digging around for documentation I gave up and located a file with my old SSID and managed to work it out from there. I'm sharing for use by others:

Ubuntu Server is using netplan (the documents). To update I did the following:

1) updated the yaml file with my configuration

sudo vi /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml

..

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  wifis:
    wls1:
      dhcp4: yes
      access-points:
        [MY_SSID]:
          password: [MY_PASSWORD]

2) Applied the changes:

sudo netplan apply

3) Restarted the network interface:

sudo ifconfig wls1 down
sudo ifconfig wls1 up

I hope this saves others some searching. (I'm also open to feedback!)

Good luck!


Since this module is currently in use by another module, you can't. If you don't need it anymore, you can remove the nvidia driver from your system. Another method would be to forcefully remove it with rmmod -f, but I would not recommend doing so.


cannot install anything via apt-get. problem with apt-get update

The key for signing downloaded packages from the google Linux software repository may need to be re-imported. This can be done with the following line in a terminal

wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -

Alternatively we can also download and save the key to then import it manually.

Source: Google


Try to insert the Ubuntu live device and restore GRUB.


Glitch Geany in Ubuntu 18.04, scroll bar, how to solve it?

You could download and make install the latest geany from official site:
https://www.geany.org/download/releases/
After I install the v1.35, this problem could be resolved.
(Remember to remove v1.32 before make install v1.35)


Strange traffic on fresh Ubuntu Server install

Your Packet #48 seems to be bittorrent related.

Compare:

0000  64 31 3a 61 64 32 3a 69 64 32 30 3a fe 2a 2f 4a   d1:ad2:id20:.*/J
0010  2d ce be 0b 3b 0c 9f 41 e8 9e 04 56 b3 d7 be ce   -...;..A...V....
0020  65 31 3a 71 34 3a 70 69 6e 67 31 3a 74 32 3a 04   e1:q4:ping1:t2:.
0030  8e 31 3a 76 34 3a 4c 54 00 0f 31 3a 79 31 3a 71   .1:v4:LT..1:y1:q
0040  65                                                e

With:

announce_peers Query = {"t":"aa", "y":"q", "q":"announce_peer", "a":
    {"id":"abcdefghij0123456789", "info_hash":"mnopqrstuvwxyz123456", "port": 6881,
     "token": "aoeusnth"}}
bencoded = d1:ad2:id20:abcdefghij01234567899:info_hash20:<br />mnopqrstuvwxyz1234564:
     porti6881e5:token8:aoeusnthe1:q13:announce_peer1:t2:aa1:y1:qe

Source: http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0005.html

While I cannot be sure for the other shorter packets, it is very likely similar noise.


Brightness keys (Fn + Left/Right) on Acer Nitro 5 not working

Managed to fix it finally. Issue was related to NVIDIA drivers. I was using older driver (390), because it was the only one that allowed me to play sound over HDMI. Not sure what broke it, but switching to the newest driver (460) in Software & Updates made the brightness keys work properly.
Sound over HDMI does not work properly with the newest driver, unfortunately.
acpi_listen still shows 676AA15E-6A47- 000000bc 00000000 as descripted above, but additionally there is video/brightnessdown BRTDN 00000087 00000000 or video/brightnessup BRTUP 00000086 00000000
. Order of codes varies.


How to make Foobar2000 see the CD drive?

Why is cdda://sr0/ not a good mounting point to be set in Wine configs?

CDDA is not a filesystem. It's a specific protocol for reading and writing data to/from CD drives. Think of CDDA like an http:// for CD drives. You can't use HTTP for Wine because it's not a local part of a file system. CDDA, likewise, isn't part of your local filesystem. Both are protocols for getting data from remote sources.
WINE is a compatibility layer. It can not and will not be able to directly interface with everything that Linux offers. It can interface with some things, but drives are problematic. You need to add the drive to the Wine config so it knows where to look. This is why Wine can't see /dev/sdc unless you tell it to. And, you cannot mount CD drives, so.... You might be able to request Wine's developers to add Audio CD support. Maybe you'll get it. That will make everyone happy.
See below for more information about this.

while media/cdrom can be set and works for dvds - why doesn't it work for audio cds?

Audio CDs do not have a real filesystem. Audio CDs are only storage containers for WAV-type media files and metadata files.  The CD reader can read the audio from the CD and then expose it to the computer in CDDA format.
DVDs, on the other hand, do contain a filesystem called UDF. This requires that they be mounted in something like /media/cdrom.
When you do the CD/DVD swap trick, you force Linux to see it as a data disc containing CDDA files. In reality, these CDDA files are not really files. They are instead tracks containing raw music. The system "contains" them in CDDA files so it can use them for programs like Rhythmbox, VLC, and any other media player / CD ripper. You usually do not see this because there is no reason for you to do so. You cannot rename the files to WAV format and have them play.
The links you gave in your answer explain most of the above. GVFS does all the ugly "filesystem" work. This answer explains everything I didn't here.

GVFS doesn't mount the CD. It only reads the CD. Nobody and nothing can mount CDs. Not even Jon Skeet can mount CDs. Give up and go home. If you successfully mount a CD drive, you will undermine the fabric of space-time and cause T̞̱͙̣͔̥̘o̝̞̣n̷̲͔̖̠̤ỵ͚̺͔̟͖ ̠͎̘̲̩͎ͅt͝h̡̯͙̺̣̣̝e ͞P҉̼̳̥̬o̪̣ṇ͈̯̣̫͎ͅy to eat StackExchange and destroy the knowledge of the world that man has. NEVeR Even T`ry!

Read above paragraph as a large no.

Updated Answer:

If you were able to see it in the past without having to do "DVD tricks", I would recommend reporting a bug against Wine and possibly GVFS.
In answer to your comments:

Read first section: Wine is a compatibility layer. It cannot interface with everything the system has.
If it did it in the past, chances are that support was (accidentally) removed in Wine or GVFS. Report a bug for this.
There is no proper workaround because Wine does not interface with CDDA directly. When GVFS exposes the CDDA protocol to the system, it's up to Wine to decide how to expose it to the the windows programs. It seems as though Wine cannot expose it properly. Report a bug to Wine. You might (no guarantee) be able to mount it directly by using this: mount /dev/sr0 /mnt. Then, point /mnt to Wine. It's doubtful that it will work, but it might.

You cannot directly have Foobar2000 integrate with your CD directly, at least not now.
Also, you should read this and this. They say that the below is a possible workaround:
Basically, create a folder in / called cdrom. Assign permissions:
chmod go+rx /cdrom
chown root:cdrom /cdrom

Add yourself to the group cdrom:
usermod -a -G cdrom cip

Add to /etc/fstab:
/dev/sr0 /cdrom

You may or may not need to add this as a CD mountpoint in WINE. Try both ways.

My less than answer opinion

Do not take this as part of the answer. This is just a long comment that is better placed in my answer.

It's not a workaround for a bug in Thunar. It is a bug in Thunar GVFS. See Sergey's answer for why this is. It's caused by Thunar not knowing the difference between the two GVFS drives.

Why do you even need Foobar2000? IIUC, it's just a media player. What's wrong with Banshee, Rhythmbox, or VLC?

You should read stuff on GVFS and CDDA. It'll help you in truly mastering this topic. This answer is pretty basic.

Formatting inspired by this


Trying to install Rainlendar-lite on Ubuntu 18.04

APT, the package manager, expects certain working routines and handles certain security policies. You get a warning about the file you want to install. However, the install itself went fine.

Another way to proceed installing downloaded .deb files is with the dpkg command..

sudo dpkg -i rainlendar2-lite_2.14.2.b157-1_amd64.deb

If certain dependencies are not met, the install will not succeed. Then, you can rely on the package manager to download and install all dependencies automatically, and finish the installation with the command

sudo apt-get install -f

This will complete the installation, provided all dependencies required by the deb indeed are available in the software repositories. The installation will not proceed if error messages are issued related to dependencies that cannot be satisfied because they are not available.


When trying to dual-boot Windows 10 and Linux, received this error as the 500mb Window's recovery file had a boot flag, so the installation tried to put the efi/boot here. To fix it, opened gparted, and took the boot flag off this file. Now Windows boot manager and ubuntu boot are on the same efi file.


"system reserved" windows partition showed on ubuntu 12.04. Not installed using wubi

The system reserverd partition is used mainly for a system to restore Windows to factory defaults. There is no reason to hide it. Please press Alt+F2 and type:

gksu gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/95-hide-ntfs.rules

in the window, paste:

# 95-hide-ntfs.rules
# /dev/sda1 System_Reserved as hidden partition
# in /etc/udev/rules.d
##################################################

ACTION!="add|change", GOTO="hide_partitions_end"
SUBSYSTEM!="block", GOTO="hide_partitions_end"
KERNEL=="loop*|ram*", GOTO="hide_partitions_end"

##################################################

# Partition sda1 hide from gnome
KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{UDISKS_PRESENTATION_HIDE}="1"

##################################################

LABEL="hide_partitions_end"

and use File-> Save. Reboot, and see if it helps.

If not, continue below.

Press Alt+F2 again and type:

gksudo leafpad /usr/share/hal/fdi/policy/10osvendor/20-storage-methods.fdi

and press Enter.
Find exactly these lines(Ctrl+F and careful eyes will be useful):

<match key="volume.fstype" string_outof="ntfs;vfat">
<match key="volume.label" string="RECOVERY">
<merge key="volume.ignore" type="bool">true</merge>
</match>

and replace them with :

 <match key="volume.fstype" string_outof="ntfs;vfat">
<!-- Win7 ships some desktop with a System_Reserved partition -->
<match key="volume.label" string="System Reserved">
<merge key="volume.ignore" type="bool">true</merge>
</match>
<!-- Win ships some desktop with a recovery partition -->
<match key="volume.label" string="RECOVERY">
<merge key="volume.ignore" type="bool">true</merge>
</match>

Save and reboot.


I found what you are looking for here: https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/dhcp.html
 if you need more help. let me know.


Installing on VirtualBox from a Bootable CD

Can I suggest, put your bootable Ubuntu disk into your CD/DVD drive.

At the point where you attach the ISO image as per the instructions, choose the drop-down to select the CD/DVD drive on your Windows box.

Start  the Virtual Guest, it will then boot using the disk in your CD/DVD drive.


Alternative to basic text editors in ubuntu wsl

WSL-OPEN FOR THE WIN!!

https://github.com/4U6U57/wsl-open

in WSL, set your default editor to WSL-OPEN:

export EDITOR=wsl-open

This will automatically translate the file to your default windows app for the associated EXT.


Ubuntu is not "seeing" my wireless dongle

in the upper bar of the Ubuntu desktop you will find a icon like a piece of cake which shows the network manager.from that menu you will find a option called enable Mobile Broadband.click on it and enable it.

then go to System settings->Network settings ->Mobile broadband.from there click add a new connection.and give relevant information to create a connection.after creation you will see the connection name you created in the network manager.click it to connect to the internet.


how to fix web server on ubuntu 16.04 LTS 500 eror when run script php?

My understanding is HTTP response code 500 is like a generic error code that relates to your HTML page. If you want error codes relating to your PHP code then perhaps best to run your code through a PHP compatible IDE or even from the command line php myapp.php


Can Network Manager settings be made to survive a reboot?

Right click on the icon in the notification area
Edit Connections...
Click on the connection
Click Edit
Untick/uncheck "Connect automatically"
Click Apply

Should work.

Or if you want to disable wireless, many laptops have a physical switch to disable wireless.  Obviously that is remembered until you turn the switch back to On.


Blinking cursor when installing latest Ubuntu 32 bit

What are you using to install Ubuntu CD or USB?. Try formatting the USB and re-installing the latest ubuntu bootable USB or CD installer. Also rather that install on its own try and see if whatever medium you are using will let you "try ubuntu" - once that goes through you will still have the option to install when you are using the live version of the "demo ubuntu".


Can't install Steam games for Windows 7 under Ubuntu 12.04

Not all games exist on the Linux platform yet.  As such, most of the Windows games probably won't be installed or downloaded because of the lack of a Linux port.


You can run the file manager in super user mode by the following command in terminal gksudo nautilus

or please follow instruction from here.
https://askubuntu.com/a/55365/546041

Thank You