It is possible by following two steps below.
Get hamster-time-tracker package from groovy:
cd ~/Downloads
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/h/hamster-time-tracker/hamster-time-tracker_3.0.2-3_all.deb
sudo apt-get install ./hamster-time-tracker_3.0.2-3_all.deb

Clone Hamster unity-indicator repository and install the indicator to the system:
sudo apt-get install git python-is-python3 gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1 python3-gi-cairo
cd ~/Downloads
git clone https://github.com/projecthamster/unity-indicator.git

cd unity-indicator
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/share/glib-2.0/schemas/
sudo cp data/hamster-indicator.gschema.xml /usr/local/share/glib-2.0/schemas/
sudo glib-compile-schemas /usr/local/share/glib-2.0/schemas
sudo cp hamster-indicator /usr/local/bin/hamster-indicator

mkdir -p ~/.local/share/applications
cp data/hamster-indicator.desktop ~/.local/share/applications
sed -i "s|Icon=hamster-time-tracker|Icon=hamster-indicator-active|" ~/.local/share/applications/hamster-indicator.desktop
sed -i "s|Exec=/usr/bin/hamster-indicator|Exec=/usr/local/bin/hamster-indicator|" ~/.local/share/applications/hamster-indicator.desktop

mkdir -p ~/.local/share/pixmaps
cp data/icons/hicolor/24x24/* ~/.local/share/pixmaps/
cp data/icons/hicolor/scalable/* ~/.local/share/pixmaps/

and enjoy:

Also it is possible to make it working on MATE with commands below:
cd ~/Downloads/unity-indicator
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/icons/ubuntu-mono-dark/apps/24/
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/icons/ubuntu-mono-light/apps/24/
cp /usr/share/icons/ubuntu-mono-dark/index.theme ~/.local/share/icons/ubuntu-mono-dark
cp /usr/share/icons/ubuntu-mono-light/index.theme ~/.local/share/icons/ubuntu-mono-light
cp data/icons/ubuntu-mono-dark/24x24/* ~/.local/share/icons/ubuntu-mono-dark/apps/24/
cp data/icons/ubuntu-mono-light/24x24/* ~/.local/share/icons/ubuntu-mono-light/apps/24/
gtk-update-icon-cache ~/.local/share/icons/ubuntu-mono-dark
gtk-update-icon-cache ~/.local/share/icons/ubuntu-mono-light

to get the following:


How to text-to-speech output using command-line?

In order of descending popularity:

say converts text to audible speech using the GNUstep speech engine.

sudo apt-get install gnustep-gui-runtime
say "hello"

festival General multi-lingual speech synthesis system.

sudo apt-get install festival
echo "hello" | festival --tts

spd-say sends text-to-speech output request to speech-dispatcher

sudo apt-get install speech-dispatcher
spd-say "hello"

espeak is a multi-lingual software speech synthesizer.

sudo apt-get install espeak
espeak "hello"


Can't access Logitech C930e (webcam) under Ubuntu with SimpleCV

Try with Installing common Web Cam driver packages in Ubuntu

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r`


Remove the power cable, open the case, touch a metal component to ensure you have no static charge in your body, and unseat and then reseat the memory modules and the graphics card (if it's not integrated into the motherboard) - you may have a case of thermal socket expansion. As the machine heats up in during use and then cools down after being turned off, the memory modules and graphics card tend to move ever so slightly in their slots. Over time the movement causes the component to lost its contact with the motherboard. Once the machine is booting again, choose the option to run a memtest from the boot screen.

Memtest : Memtest with Ubuntu 12.04 live CD

Thermal socket expansion (aka chip creep) : Wikipedia link


Ubuntu 15.10 not installable due missing characters

First create the Ubuntu installation media properly with Disks in Ubuntu.
Open Disks - select Restore Disk Image from the menu on the top right.
Choose the ISO file and the USB drive to write it to and start restoring.
Alternatively you can burn the Ubuntu 15.10 ISO image to a DVD as well.

Boot from the Ubuntu 15.10 installation media you created before.
Highlight Try Ubuntu without installing and press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press the F10 key to boot into the Live desktop.

After the installation of Ubuntu 15.10 is finished reboot your computer.
Now install the latest official NVIDIA drivers supporting the GTX 750 Ti.

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and  press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press the F10 key to boot the Ubuntu installation.

When the login screen appears, press Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Enter your user name and password and then execute :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-358
sudo reboot


How do I separate my boot partition from my storage partition?

When you are installing Ubuntu, set up the partitions manually.

Create a ext4 partition on the SSD with the mount point set to /boot . Then create a ext4 partition on the larger drive for / . I also recommend a partition for linux-swap that is the size of your RAM.

I think the boot-loader will need to be on the SSD (set on the same screen at the bottom).

That will set it up so the boot files are on the SSD and the rest is on the other drive.

Another recommendation would be to put / on the SSD, and put /home on the larger drive. / usually uses about 8GB on any system I've set up. The larger stuff is always in /home.


How to change ownership of files recovered by Scalpel onto exfat partition?

Original answer

You can't change ownership of individual files (or directories). The ownerhip and permissions in Microsoft file systems (exFAT, Fat32 and NTFS) are set when mounted, and the only way to change it (for Linux) is to remount the file system (or unmount and mount again).

See details at this link.

Edit after feedback

Output fron your computer:

lsblk -f

loop0
└─cryptswap1
       swap                  cbxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx [SWAP]
sda    isw_raid_m
├─sda1 vfat       SYSTEM_DRV 90xx-xxxx
├─sda2 isw_raid_m
├─sda3 ntfs       Windows    E2xxxxxxxxxxxxxx                     /media/me/Wind
├─sda4 exfat      Restored   B4xx-xxxx                            /media/me/Rest
└─sda5 ntfs       WINRE_DRV  B2xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
sdb
├─sdb1 vfat                  A3xx-xxxx                            /boot/efi
├─sdb2 ext4                  3bxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx /
├─sdb3 swap                  3cxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx [SWAP]
└─sdb4 exfat      SSD-D      4Cxx-xxxx                            /media/me/rest
sdc
├─sdc1 vfat       ESP        A2xx-xxxx
├─sdc2 vfat       DIAGS      9Exx-xxxx
├─sdc3 ntfs       WINRETOOLS 72xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
├─sdc4 ntfs       OS         92xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
└─sdc5

cat /etc/mtab  # edited to focus on the relevant lines

/dev/sdb4 /media/me/restored fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0

You have not changed the user id (0 <---> root) of the exfat partition on the drive with the running operating system

/dev/sdb2 / ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,stripe=256 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /boot/efi vfat rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro 0 0

For comparison, see the following output from my computer

sudodus@bionic64 ~ $ lsblk -f /dev/sdc
sdc         iso9660 Xubuntu Core 19.10 - amd64 2019-10-17-15-54-31-00
├─sdc1      iso9660 Xubuntu Core 19.10 - amd64 2019-10-17-15-54-31-00               /media/sudodus/Xubuntu Core 19.10 - amd64
├─sdc2      vfat                               866D-0A62
└─sdc3      exfat   USBDATA                    5673-C08D                            /media/sudodus/USBDATA

My exfat file system is in /dev/sdc3, and I inspect the permissions,

sudodus@bionic64 ~ $ grep 'sdc3' /etc/mtab
/dev/sdc3 /media/sudodus/USBDATA fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0

unmount the partition,

sudodus@bionic64 ~ $ sudo umount /dev/sdc3
[sudo] lösenord för sudodus:

mount the partition according to the instructions in the linked answer (modified for the actual device /dev/sdc3.

sudodus@bionic64 ~ $ sudo mount -o rw,user,uid=1000,dmask=007,fmask=117 /dev/sdc3 /mnt/sd1
FUSE exfat 1.2.8

check the ownership (yes it is me) and the permissions with ls -l

sudodus@bionic64 ~ $ sudo ls -l /mnt/sd1
totalt 128
-rw-rw---- 1 sudodus root 29 dec 29 17:49 hej.txt

make a subdirectory

sudodus@bionic64 ~ $ mkdir /mnt/sd1/subdir

create a file (as the normal user),

sudodus@bionic64 ~ $ echo "Hello World" > /mnt/sd1/hello.txt

finally verify that it worked and check the ownership and permissions

sudodus@bionic64 ~ $ sudo ls -l /mnt/sd1
totalt 384
-rw-rw---- 1 sudodus root     29 dec 29 17:49 hej.txt
-rw-rw---- 1 sudodus root     12 dec 30 15:56 hello.txt
drwxrwx--- 1 sudodus root 131072 dec 30 15:54 subdir
sudodus@bionic64 ~ $

Suggested command line for your /dev/sdb4 with exfat

I assume that your user ID is 1000 (the first user ID created),

check with

grep "^$USER" /etc/group

and modify uid=1000 if necessary.

sudo umount /dev/sdb4
sudo mkdir /mnt/sd4   # create mount point (only once)
sudo mount -o rw,user,uid=1000,dmask=007,fmask=117 /dev/sdb4 /mnt/sd4

Edit 2

If you have problems, you may need current versions of the exfat tools,

sudo apt update
sudo apt install exfat-utils exfat-fuse

Edit 3

You may want to mount your exfat partition automatically at boot. In that case I suggest the following lines in your file /etc/fstab,

# partition with exfat file system
UUID=4Cxx-xxxx  /mnt/sd4  exfat  defaults,rw,user,uid=1000,dmask=007,fmask=117  0  0

Modify UUID=4Cxx-xxxx to match the actual UUID of the file system.

See man fstab for a detailed description of each of the six fields.


Xubuntu tiling: how to maximize terminal window for partial tiling?

I have the same problem using Xubuntu with the default terminal emulator and window manager and have nearly gone insane trying to fix it. I have a partial answer and, unfortunately, no real fix for you.

As you mentioned, the window size in a terminal emulator (at least in xterm and xfce4-terminal, the ones that I tested) is handled in terms of font size rather than pixels, which one might expect. This is acceptable behavior according to the X window system manpage: "The WIDTH and HEIGHT parts of the geometry specification are  usually measured in either pixels or characters, depending on the application."

This is why there are gaps around the terminal window when doing partial tiling: the window manager maximizes the window within that half of the display while using whole multiples of the font size for the dimensions. There may be a way to add offsets or fix this with in-depth xfwm or X configuration tweaks that are beyond me (I'm still pretty new to Linux).

The reason that the window takes up the full screen area when maximized seems to have to do with a setting that (I think) is on by default in a new Xubuntu install. If you open the Xfce4 settings manager, go to Window Manager Tweaks, and click the Accessibility tab, there is an option to "Hide frame of windows when maximized." When this option is checked, there are no gaps around the maximized terminal window; when it is unchecked, there are.

Unfortunately, this option only applies to maximized windows and not windows that are "maximized" to half of the screen by partial tiling. Disabling it will at least make the gaps around the windows consistent in both cases.

As far as your issues with the tab bar pushing lines off of the screen, tiling the window again after opening a new tab will bring the bottom of the window back into view. You could also set the terminal to always show the tab bar. This option is not available through the graphical preferences menu; you will have to edit ~/.config/xfce4/terminal/terminalrc and change the MiscAlwaysShowTabs option to TRUE. This way the size of the window won't change when opening a new tab.

Sorry I couldn't be of more help.


xbindkeys can't capture extra mouse buttons on KDE 5

Found the problem!
kglobalaccel5 was conflicting with xbindkeys.
I was able to run both, but I had to disable all custom shortcuts. They are on System Settings->Shortcuts->Custom Shortcuts.
The strange is there was no shortcut using the extra mouse buttons. My theory is the gestures support was not well implemented.


adb does not recognize my Nexus 7 on Ubuntu 14.04

On your device switch from 'media device' to 'camera device'. And adb will recognize.


Please find below link in that very first question might solve your problem

http://www.inforbiro.com/blog-eng/ubuntu-12-04-most-common-problems-and-solutions/

Also mention which ubuntu version you are using?


View images over active Linux SSH session

I assume you are using Ubuntu Desktop to connect to the Ubuntu server. Since the remote computer is an Ubuntu server, it does not have any graphical interfaces like x.org. Therefore you cannot use X forwarding from the server to the desktop. Here is an alternate approach to viewing the jpeg file from the Ubuntu server. We will use sftp which in turn uses ssh.
Setup sftp using Nautilus
Open Nautilus and find the Menu item "Other Locations". At the bottom find Connect to Server:

Under Server Address Enter:
sftp://server_user_id@server.domain.or.ip.address

The part after // is as you would use to ssh to the server.
Press Connect. You will see a password dialog box:

Enter the password associated with laptop_user_id and select if you want the password is to be remembered or not. Again click Connect.
Now you should see your home folder of the laptop.
Notice there is a new entry under Network on the left panel of Nautilus that begins with server_user_id. Right click on it and choose "Add Bookmark" to create a permanent bookmark for your server's home folder in the Nautilus of the Desktop.
Navigate to your file
Navigate to the folder where you have the jpeg file you want to view:

As the file does not have any extension Nautilus will not recognize it as a jpeg file yet. It will show up as a generic binary file as seen above.
Rename the file
Right click on the file and select rename

Add the file extension jpg to the end of the filename

Double click on the renamed file

The jpeg file from the server will now open in the default image file viewer in the local desktop.
Hope this helps


repeated request for wireless password, no wireless connection

Ubuntu does this when you are entering an incorrect wireless password. Go to the windows 7 computer that is working with the wireless. Click the wireless icon in the taskbar. In the menu that appears, right click on the network that you are trying to connect to, and click properties. Check the box  that says show charachters (this requires administratior priveleges). Type that password into Ubuntu, and it will work. Also try typing the password into a regular text box to see if you have caps lock or anything else turned on that would affect the input of the password. Hope that helps!


Stop a service from starting when it is disabled in the rc.d

Still no clue on why this is happening, but a non-elegant solution that worked, i.e. killed all the instances of udhcpd at login was to write a simple bash script that locates the process IDs of the udhcpd and calls kill on them:

Create a script file in /etc/profile.d/: e.g. my_file.sh
In my_file.sh write the following:

#!/bin/bash
TST=$(pgrep udhcpd)
echo "So udhcpd has the following PIDs"
echo $TST
# put one PID in each element of the array, i.e split on the spaces
arr=($TST)
for i in "${arr[@]}"
do
    echo "We are now going to execute kill -9 $i"
    sudo kill -9 $i
done
echo "Done."

Make the file executable: chmod +x /etc/profile.d/my_file.sh
Shutdown, power on and next time you login this script (asking you for root password) should be executed.
After logging in, execute:

pgrep udhcpd

just to make sure that all of the instances have been killed.


Unfortunately you seem to have forgotten to include the link to the Howto in your question, so it's unclear what you did exactly. Maybe the config item NameVirtualHost *:80 is missing? It should be specified just once outside of a VirtualHost config.


How do I set up a virtual private network in VirtualBox?

What kind of vpn are you trying to connect? is it cisco vpn? if its cisco vpn, then try using the cisco client. the tutorial to compile can be found here and here. The network manager vpnc did not work for me so i took to the compiling.

Also , if you are using virtualbox, set the network adapter settings to NAT .


What is the best practice to manual build software on Ubuntu?

I'd use CheckInstall. Essentially, instead of using

sudo make install

you can use

sudo checkinstall

This installs software as packages managed by dpkg, which means that you can easily uninstall it with

sudo dpkg -r packagename


14.04 - Wireless Bad Connectivity, Slow Speeds

I had 2Ghz and 5ghz one one wifi SSID:

MyWifiHybrid

For me, I solved the problem by making my wifi broadcast 5ghz & 2.4ghz on SEPERATE SSIDs.

MyWifi5G
MyWifi2G

You can set these settings if you have a dual antennae router by going to it's config page.

May be an issue with the iwlwifi linux driver, since it works on Windows.


How do I get updates for purchased applications?

Note: Take this with a grain of salt, because it's based on "if-I-remember-correctly"

Unlike the regular "apps" in the Software Center (i.e. the official repositories), the commercial apps come from a special PPA (personal package archive); you can access the PPAs only if you've bought the software (and thus have the correct authorization).

While the regular apps are "feature frozen" for an LTS and may not be regularly updated, software in all PPAs is unsupported by Canonical (no review), and can be updated as often as the maintainer/developer wants to.

This should also be the case for commercial software. If you notice that an update has otherwise been released, but isn't showing as available in Software Center, you may want to drop the developer/publisher's support team an email, requesting them to also add the updated version to the PPA.


Solution is use multipress input method.

In app is need to set multipress input method manually. If you want have multipress as default you need to create file /.xinputrc with content:

GTK_IM_MODULE=multipress
QT_IM_MODULE=multipress


Yes, there's a way, if you want to write a script. See the answer to a similar question on this site for an example from someone more knowledgeable than I:

How can I run a program on startup, minimized?


Boot Repair fails to recover grub after windows 7 installation

This should answer your question sounds a lot like this
Dual boot UEFI Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.04 (both 64 bits). W7 entry doesn't appear in GRUB

Could be wrong, but that may solve your trouble.


The latest distributions of Ubuntu pretty much support whatever machine you can find with out much or any tinkering.

I use a samsung chronos 7 which comes from the factory with windows 8 and UEFI which is supposed to lock you into using windows, but even this hasn't been a problem.

The thing your most likely going to encounter is that every other machine you use will have some minor quirk, but these are usually taken care of pretty quickly.

I'm not sure about Mac's, I hear it's a little more difficult.


You can try starting wine from terminal, giving it the name of your executable as an argument:

cd /media/FREESPACE_1
wine ./Setup.exe

Another option would be to somehow remount the cdrom passing different "mode" parameter to isofs driver - by default mode is 0400, which is "owner read-only", i.e. "r------". You need to change it at least to 0500, i.e. "r-x------". So something along the these lines technically should help - however, I couldn't make it work in my brief testing:

sudo mount /media/FREESPACE_1 -o remount,exec,ro,mode=500


Switching PHP version PHP 5.6 to PHP 7.2

SOLVED

by adding this code in my composer.json :

"config": {

    "platform": {

        "php": "7.2.17"

    }

}


Virtualbox VM Ubuntu 18.04 failure mounting shared folder - no such device or address

Virtualbox 5.1 is too old for modern Linux distributives.
It has only support for kernel 4.17.
Ubuntu 18.04.3 Desktop has 5.0 kernel.

https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Changelog-5.1

But you can install 4.15 kernel in any Ubuntu 18.04 from built in repositories. Or install Ubuntu 18.04.1 Desktop and update it (by default kernel did not upgrades for newer versions).


how to save while editing in /lightdm.conf

It depends which terminal-based editor you used

for nano, type Ctrl+o and confirm the filename to overwrite, then Ctrl+x to exit
for vim, type Esc to exit insert mode, then :wq to write and quit


Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS - Nouveau errors booting Live USB

Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS is based on the 4.4 Kernel. As per this Q&A Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS uses Kernel 4.10.

As of Kernel 4.6 a bug was introduced for the Nouveau driver that isn't in the nVidia driver.

I understand the bug has been fixed but not sure why it is affecting you. I would recommend getting the latest image for 16.04.3 and trying that. Alternatively you can try the steps outlines in the Q&A to install 16.04.1 and doing an HWE upgrade to 16.04.3.

An alternative is to install 16.04.1 and follow this: How do I update kernel to the latest mainline version?.

I had no problem booting the Live USB with Nouveau driver but have the GTX 970M laptop chip with 3 GB RAM. The bug in question was for the 4 GB RAM model. FYI after installing 16.04.3 and then configuring Ubuntu with the nVidia driver it works fine on my platform:


Block anything from certain IP, injected from ISP when tethering from phone

In Firefox NoScript add-on open Options > Advanced > ABE, USER ruleset, then add:

Site */bmi.js
Deny INCLUSION(SCRIPT)

Of course you can also use regular expressions, and combine multiple URL patterns in
the same rule.

You can find more info here: http://noscript.net/abe.


Brasero not appearing in the software store

Go to the Software Updater, click on Settings and check the boxes for "Canonical Parteners" under "Other Software" in the software updater settings.

Also, Choose "Main Server" for Ubuntu server under "Ubuntu Software".

This should solve the issue.


Samba does not respect group permissions: users cannot create, but delete files in folder

Care to share your [global] part of your smb.conf ?
This would confirm if you are running a PDC or an AD DC and if you have added any lines you shouldn't have.

If it is an AD DC, then your share should just be this:

[Data]
comment = Data
path = /srv/data
read only = no

You then set the ACLs from Windows.
NOTE: We do not recommend using a Samba AD DC as a fileserver, but if you do, you must follow the rules.


Right! Have found a workaround. Have access to GNU GRUB menu as i have dual boot with windows. From There if i select 'advanced options' instead of the default and  boot from Linux 5.4.0-42-generic i have access to all keyboard and trackpad features.


Let's explain it by using an example ... boot with the kernel you want to keep, in this case kernel 4.2.0-35.
To check which kernel versions currently are installed, open a terminal and execute :

dpkg --get-selections | grep linux

The output in this example shows that kernels 4.2.0-34 and 4.2.0-35 are currently installed.

linux-firmware                          install
linux-generic                           install
linux-headers-4.2.0-34                  install
linux-headers-4.2.0-35                  install
linux-headers-4.2.0-34-generic          install
linux-headers-4.2.0-35-generic          install
linux-headers-generic                   install
linux-image-4.2.0-34-generic            install
linux-image-4.2.0-35-generic            install
linux-image-extra-4.2.0-34-generic      install
linux-image-extra-4.2.0-35-generic      install
linux-image-generic                     install
linux-libc-dev:amd64                    install
linux-signed-generic                    install
linux-signed-image-4.2.0-34-generic     install
linux-signed-image-4.2.0-35-generic     install
linux-signed-image-generic              install

Assuming that the older kernel 4.2.0-34 shall be removed - execute the following command :

sudo apt-get purge linux-headers-4.2.0-34 linux-headers-4.2.0-34-generic linux-image-4.2.0-34-generic linux-image-extra-4.2.0-34-generic linux-signed-image-4.2.0-34-generic

Done! :-)


E [14/Apr/2021:17:29:27 -0300] [Job 16] Unable to open raster stream - : Broken pipe
E [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Job stopped due to filter errors; please consult the /var/log/cups/error_log file for details.
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] The following messages were recorded from 17:29:26 to 17:29:37
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Applying default options...
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Adding start banner page "none".
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Adding end banner page "none".
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] File of type application/vnd.cups-pdf-banner queued by "matias".
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] hold_until=0
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Queued on "Z700-P700-Series" by "matias".
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] time-at-processing=1618432166
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] 4 filters for job:
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] bannertopdf (application/vnd.cups-pdf-banner to application/pdf, cost 32)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] pdftopdf (application/pdf to application/vnd.cups-pdf, cost 66)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] gstoraster (application/vnd.cups-pdf to application/vnd.cups-raster, cost 99)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] rastertoz700 (application/vnd.cups-raster to printer/Z700-P700-Series, cost 0)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] job-sheets=none,none
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] argv[0]="Z700-P700-Series"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] argv[1]="16"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] argv[2]="matias"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] argv[3]="Test Page"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] argv[4]="1"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] argv[5]="job-uuid=urn:uuid:fc41d6a6-5cf3-31eb-5558-24b6a093ec35 job-originating-host-name=localhost date-time-at-creation= date-time-at-processing= time-at-creation=1618432166 time-at-processing=1618432166"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] argv[6]="/var/spool/cups/d00016-001"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[0]="CUPS_CACHEDIR=/var/cache/cups"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[1]="CUPS_DATADIR=/usr/share/cups"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[2]="CUPS_DOCROOT=/usr/share/cups/doc-root"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[3]="CUPS_FONTPATH=/usr/share/cups/fonts"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[4]="CUPS_REQUESTROOT=/var/spool/cups"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[5]="CUPS_SERVERBIN=/usr/lib/cups"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[6]="CUPS_SERVERROOT=/etc/cups"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[7]="CUPS_STATEDIR=/run/cups"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[8]="HOME=/var/spool/cups/tmp"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[9]="PATH=/usr/lib/cups/filter:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[10]="SERVER_ADMIN=root@alice"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[11]="SOFTWARE=CUPS/2.3.1"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[12]="TMPDIR=/var/spool/cups/tmp"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[13]="USER=root"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[14]="CUPS_MAX_MESSAGE=2047"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[15]="CUPS_SERVER=/run/cups/cups.sock"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[16]="CUPS_ENCRYPTION=IfRequested"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[17]="IPP_PORT=631"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[18]="CHARSET=utf-8"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[19]="LANG=es_AR.UTF-8"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[20]="PPD=/etc/cups/ppd/Z700-P700-Series.ppd"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[21]="RIP_MAX_CACHE=128m"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[22]="CONTENT_TYPE=application/vnd.cups-pdf-banner"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[23]="DEVICE_URI=usb://Lexmark/Z700-P700%20Series?serial=15L018533128813"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[24]="PRINTER_INFO=Z700-P700-Series"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[25]="PRINTER_LOCATION="
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[26]="PRINTER=Z700-P700-Series"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[27]="PRINTER_STATE_REASONS=none"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[28]="CUPS_FILETYPE=document"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[29]="FINAL_CONTENT_TYPE=application/vnd.cups-raster"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[30]="AUTH_I****"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Started filter /usr/lib/cups/filter/bannertopdf (PID 5455)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Started filter /usr/lib/cups/filter/pdftopdf (PID 5456)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Started filter /usr/lib/cups/filter/gstoraster (PID 5457)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Started filter /usr/lib/cups/filter/rastertoz700 (PID 5458)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Started backend /usr/lib/cups/backend/usb (PID 5459)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] PID 5458 (/usr/lib/cups/filter/rastertoz700) stopped with status 102 (No such file or directory)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Hint: Try setting the LogLevel to "debug" to find out more.
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] pdftopdf: Last filter determined by the PPD: rastertoz700; FINAL_CONTENT_TYPE: application/vnd.cups-raster => pdftopdf will not log pages in page_log.
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] OUTFORMAT=\"(null)\", so output format will be CUPS/PWG Raster
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] execv failed: No such file or directory
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Loading USB quirks from \"/usr/share/cups/usb\".
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Loaded 181 quirks.
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Printing on printer with URI: usb://Lexmark/Z700-P700%20Series?serial=15L018533128813
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] PDF template file doesn\'t have form. It\'s okay.
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] PID 5455 (/usr/lib/cups/filter/bannertopdf) exited with no errors.
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] PDF interactive form and annotation flattening done via QPDF
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Color Manager: Calibration Mode/Off
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] PID 5456 (/usr/lib/cups/filter/pdftopdf) exited with no errors.
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Calling FindDeviceById(cups-Z700-P700-Series)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Found device /org/freedesktop/ColorManager/devices/cups_Z700_P700_Series
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Calling org.freedesktop.ColorManager.Device.Get(ProfilingInhibitors)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Calling FindDeviceById(cups-Z700-P700-Series)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Found device /org/freedesktop/ColorManager/devices/cups_Z700_P700_Series
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Calling GetProfileForQualifiers(Color.Plain....)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Failed to send: org.freedesktop.ColorManager.Device.NothingMatched:nothing matched expression \'Color.Plain.,Color.Plain.*,Color.*.,Color.*.*,*\'
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Failed to get profile filename for cups-Z700-P700-Series
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Color Manager: no profiles specified in PPD
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Color Manager: ICC Profile: None
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Ghostscript using Any-Part-of-Pixel method to fill paths.
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Ghostscript command line: gs -dQUIET -dSAFER -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -dNOINTERPOLATE -dNOMEDIAATTRS -dShowAcroForm -sstdout=%stderr -sOutputFile=%stdout -sDEVICE=cups -r600x600 -dDEVICEWIDTHPOINTS=595 -dDEVICEHEIGHTPOINTS=842 -dcupsBitsPerColor=8 -dcupsColorOrder=0 -dcupsColorSpace=1 -dcupsCompression=1 -dcupsRowStep=3 -scupsPageSizeName=A4 -I/usr/share/cups/fonts -c \'<</.HWMargins[18.000000 36.000000 10.000000 5.000000] /Margins[0 0]>>setpagedevice\' -f -_
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[0]=\"CUPS_CACHEDIR=/var/cache/cups\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[1]=\"CUPS_DATADIR=/usr/share/cups\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[2]=\"CUPS_DOCROOT=/usr/share/cups/doc-root\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[3]=\"CUPS_FONTPATH=/usr/share/cups/fonts\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[4]=\"CUPS_REQUESTROOT=/var/spool/cups\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[5]=\"CUPS_SERVERBIN=/usr/lib/cups\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[6]=\"CUPS_SERVERROOT=/etc/cups\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[7]=\"CUPS_STATEDIR=/run/cups\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[8]=\"HOME=/var/spool/cups/tmp\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[9]=\"PATH=/usr/lib/cups/filter:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[10]=\"SERVER_ADMIN=root@alice\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[11]=\"SOFTWARE=CUPS/2.3.1\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[12]=\"USER=root\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[13]=\"CUPS_MAX_MESSAGE=2047\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[14]=\"CUPS_SERVER=/run/cups/cups.sock\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[15]=\"CUPS_ENCRYPTION=IfRequested\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[16]=\"IPP_PORT=631\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[17]=\"CHARSET=utf-8\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[18]=\"LANG=es_AR.UTF-8\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[19]=\"PPD=/etc/cups/ppd/Z700-P700-Series.ppd\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[20]=\"RIP_MAX_CACHE=128m\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[21]=\"CONTENT_TYPE=application/vnd.cups-pdf-banner\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[22]=\"DEVICE_URI=usb://Lexmark/Z700-P700%20Series?serial=15L018533128813\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[23]=\"PRINTER_INFO=Z700-P700-Series\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[24]=\"PRINTER_LOCATION=\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[25]=\"PRINTER=Z700-P700-Series\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[26]=\"PRINTER_STATE_REASONS=none\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[27]=\"CUPS_FILETYPE=document\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[28]=\"FINAL_CONTENT_TYPE=application/vnd.cups-raster\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] envp[29]=\"AUTH_INFO_REQUIRED=none\"
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Start rendering...
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Processing page 1...
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Error: /ioerror in --showpage--
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Operand stack:
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] true   (/tmp/gs_0Kenab)   --nostringval--   1   true
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Execution stack:
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] %interp_exit   .runexec2   --nostringval--   showpage   --nostringval--   2   %stopped_push   --nostringval--   showpage   showpage   false   1   %stopped_push   1990   2   3   %oparray_pop   1989   2   3   %oparray_pop   1977   2   3   %oparray_pop   showpage   1978   4   3   %oparray_pop   showpage   showpage   2   1   1   showpage   %for_pos_int_continue   1981   4   7   %oparray_pop   showpage   showpage   1840   3   9   %oparray_pop   showpage   showpage
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Dictionary stack:
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] --dict:740/1123(ro)(G)--   --dict:1/20(G)--   --dict:80/200(L)--   --dict:80/200(L)--   --dict:135/256(ro)(G)--   --dict:315/325(ro)(G)--   --dict:33/64(L)--   --dict:6/9(L)--   --dict:7/20(L)--
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Current allocation mode is local
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Last OS error: Broken pipe
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] GPL Ghostscript 9.50: Unrecoverable error, exit code 1
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Rendering completed
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] PID 5457 (/usr/lib/cups/filter/gstoraster) stopped with status 1.
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Hint: Try setting the LogLevel to "debug" to find out more.
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] libusb_get_device_list=11
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] STATE: +connecting-to-device
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] STATE: -connecting-to-device
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Printer found with device ID: MFG:Lexmark ;CMD:CPDNPA001;MODEL:Z700-P700 Series;CLASS:Printer;DES:Lexmark Z700-P700 Series;COMMENT:030305-1; Device URI: usb://Lexmark/Z700-P700%20Series?serial=15L018533128813
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Device protocol: 2
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Enviando datos a la impresora.
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Sent 0 bytes...
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Waiting for read thread to exit...
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] Read thread still active, aborting the pending read...
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] PID 5459 (/usr/lib/cups/backend/usb) exited with no errors.
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] End of messages
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] printer-state=3(idle)
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] printer-state-message="Enviando datos a la impresora."
D [14/Apr/2021:17:29:37 -0300] [Job 16] printer-state-reasons=none


It may seem obvious, but I have had card readers that worked intermittently.  If the card reader is portable than try it in a different machine (verses one that is mounted in a 3 1/2 inch bay on the machine).  Sometimes the mini card holder is not making a connection.  Try to insert the mini USB in a different holder.  If it is a multiple card reader with a USB dongle than try a different one, or a different USB port.  Please let me know if that solves it and what kind of reader you have!


(L)Ubuntu now uses the config directory

/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d

the old

/etc/xorg.conf

should still work, however, settings in a config file within this directory are loaded after xorg.conf and could override settings within this file. So please check the contents of this directory as well.


Just in case if anybody using Dual boot with Windows and facing this issue, Shut down the machine don't switch or restart it to boot up in other OS.
there is some issue with the windows network adapter at the shutdown, you may further investigate it, but in case you are looking for a quick fix, do the above mentioned boot up.


How do I install a desktop environment on Raspberry Pi 4 with Ubuntu 20.04?

I've found a partial solution in other request.
To make kubuntu boots correctly tou have to edit the file /boot/firmware/syscfg.txt adding this lines
dtoverlay=vc4-fkms-v3d
disable_overscan=1

I don't know why I cannot see wifi networks even if I'm on line but I'll ask this in another question because is more specific.


Ubuntu on Lenovo keeps waking up by itself when in suspended mode

I suppose LID is your laptop's lid, so leave that on so you can wake it up by opening the lid. IGBE is the network card, so it doesn't seem relevant to your problem. I don't know what EXP3 is but it doesn't matter because it's disabled. This leaves us with XHCI and EHCI. These two are the USB hubs (one is USB 2.0 the other 3.0).

To disable wakeup from any USB device, just add the following to /etc/rc.local:

echo "XHCI" > /proc/acpi/wakeup
echo "EHC1" > /proc/acpi/wakeup

You can also execute the commands as root and then put the laptop to sleep and see if it stops from waking up by itself. Try moving the mouse before and after you make this change to see if it helps.


How can I enable one-click open in the unity dash?

To restore the desired behaviour,

From a command line run the following:

gsettings set com.canonical.Unity double-click-activate false


how to disable all Multi touch or just a few

To make the change stick, open up the dash and type in "Startup Applications" and launch it.

Add a new entry, give it a name, then paste sudo synclient fingerclick2=1 inside the "Command" box. Now that command will be executed every time you log into that account.


Personally, I would recommend reinstallation of LibreOffice using these steps:

Add the LibreOffice PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/ppa
Update your system:

sudo apt update
Upgrade or Install LibreOffice 6:

sudo apt install libreoffice

Once done, you should be good to go.


How to tile window on the corners in Xubuntu

I have this corner tiling option available in Xubuntu 14.04 with Xfce 4.12. Go to Window Manager > Keyboard. There you will see options for Tile window to the top-left etc.


I was missing two lines under the hydrogen part of my file.

public = yes
force group = root

I also changed to static IP.

After that, my ubuntu computer showed up under networks on microsoft.


Answered here : https://askubuntu.com/a/111298/389736

Then when you booted in, install proper driver for your GPU.


Ubuntu 15.04 + AMD,purple screen when booting after install,stuck at initramdisk

I never found a solution to this, I have ATI/AMD dual graphics, and have the same issues, xserver breaks after installing proprietary drivers from repositories, as well as from the ATI/AMD website.I even attempted updating to kernel 4.1, but to no avail.

My only solution has been to downgrade to Ubuntu 14.04.


Logging into web.skype.com fixed this issue for me and others. After you should be able to login via pidgin. I believe this resets the token and or once the security check has been completed on web.skype.com it no longer blocks pidgin.


Can issetuid() be cleared for a child process?

Without more information ( such as the name of A and B software ), this is hard to diagnose.

However, I would look at the environment variable, there is surely one that was not cleaned by A and that is cleaned by sudo.


Possible solutions, as suggested in references.
YMMV.

Try (ref):
$ modprobe -r igb
$ sleep 1
$ modprobe igb
$ sleep 1
$ systemctl restart network

The problem may be related to the driver, depending on the kernel version. So you may try updating the kernel (currently 5.8.0 is available, and even 5.11.0 if manually installing it). If you, for any reason, cannot use those newer kernels, at least it will help you with the diagnosis.

Apparently, using older kernels may also get rid of the problem.
I found no specific information on which transition introduced the problem, but it is not hard to try also with earlier kernels, at least for diagnosing the problem.

Suggestions to increase your chances of getting help and the problem solved:

Post some context lines about ... PCIe link lost.

Whenever you post the output of a command, post the exact command that you used to produce it.

Specify where you used pcie_aspm=off.

Post the output or result of each specific solution suggested (or, if you did not try it, at least mention why, so others know).

Update the question with the added information, instead of posting it scattered in comments. And reorganize slightly if that improves readability.

Related

https://community.ipfire.org/t/intermittent-problem-with-intel-igb-driver-and-quad-port-i211-gigabit-card/4001 ("... The only way to fix it, without rebooting, is to reload the igb kernel module and restart all IPFire networks!").


Why does Openbox on Gnome give me an empty desktop?

you may need "openbox-xdgmenu" package to have a minimal (and updateable) right click menu, at least with "exit" command.


How can I mount/recover my ecryptfs-encrypted home?

There are many posts out there, but non of them covered all the steps that were required for me to recover the files from my old home folder.
In my case I attached the old disk to a VM, this should however work the same way on a physical machine too.

(When installing the original system I used the default partitioning schema where the home folder is placed onto a seperate partion. So this will be covered. If that is not your case, you can just skip the second mount of sdb4.)

With this steps I was able to recover my files:
(My old login name is daniel remember that yours will be different)

1) Become root sudo -s

2) Attach the disk to the VM computer so you see the partions using:

$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   127G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0   512M  0 part /boot/efi
└─sda2   8:2    0 126.5G  0 part /               <-- This is the root parition from my LIVE/current system
sdb      8:16   0 465.8G  0 disk
├─sdb1   8:17   0   512M  0 part
├─sdb2   8:18   0  31.3G  0 part
├─sdb3   8:19   0 131.9G  0 part                 <-- This is my old /-partition
└─sdb4   8:20   0 151.4G  0 part                 <-- This is my old /home-partition

3) Mount the old filesystem to /mnt and prepare everything for a chroot:

$ mount /dev/sdb3 /mnt/          <-- mount your original root
$ mount /dev/sdb4 /mnt/home      <-- mount your original home
$ mount --rbind /dev /mnt/dev    <-- prepare the chroot with the defaut sysfs-stuff
$ mount --rbind /proc /mnt/proc
$ mount --rbind /sys /mnt/sys

4) chroot into the old machine:

$ chroot /mnt
$ ls -lah /home/
total 32K
drwxr-xr-x  5 root   root   4.0K Nov 11  2016 .
drwxr-xr-x 51 root   root   4.0K Aug  7 10:06 ..
dr-x------  5 daniel daniel 4.0K Aug  7 09:51 daniel
drwxr-xr-x  3 root   root   4.0K Apr 26  2014 .ecryptfs     <-- here is my ecryptfs stuff
drwx------  2 root   root    16K Apr 26  2014 lost+found

5) Verify we have a wrapped-passphrase file. This file is required to login in with you original login-password. There is another thing called the passprase which I imagine is the raw key used to encrypt your files. While setting up ecryptfs the computer tells you to write down your passphrase, well I did not so I needed that file.

ls -l /home/daniel/.ecryptfs/
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 daniel daniel 8192 Aug  7 10:43 auto-mount
-rw-r--r-- 1 daniel daniel    0 Apr 26  2014 auto-umount
-rw------- 1 daniel daniel   13 Apr 26  2014 Private.mnt
-rw------- 1 daniel daniel   34 Apr 26  2014 Private.sig
-rw------- 1 daniel daniel   58 Jul  8  2016 wrapped-passphrase   <-- This file is important, make sure it exists and is not empty

6) Now using the wrapped-passphrase file, we can recover our passphrase using our login-password:

$ ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase /home/daniel/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase
Passphrase:
[ENTER YOUR LOGIN-PASSWORD]
<32 char alphanumerical all lowercase passpharse>

Now write down your passphrase. You probably won't need it but in case you do, you now have it.

7) Now we need to add our passphrase to the kernel keyring so the kernel can decrypt our files using that passphase:

$ ecryptfs-insert-wrapped-passphrase-into-keyring /home/daniel/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase
Passphrase:
[ENTER YOUR LOGIN-PASSWORD]
Inserted auth tok with sig [254199733df62f80] into the user session keyring

8) Now, we want to mount our old files. To do that we need to become the original user using sudo:

$ sudo -u daniel bash
Signature not found in user keyring
Perhaps try the interactive 'ecryptfs-mount-private' <-- Just ignore this message, it cause the home has not yet been decrypted

$ whoami
daniel      <-- make sure you are the original user!

9) Now we can mount our home directory:

$ ecryptfs-mount-private
Enter your login passphrase:
[ENTER YOUR LOGIN-PASSWORD]
Inserted auth tok with sig [254199733df62f80] into the user session keyring

$ cd
$ ls
<All your old files should be there>

Congrats! You just mounted your ecryptfs-encrypted home folder and got access back to all your files. Enjoy!


run a script and return system to suspended or running mode

A single rtcwake does not work because with -m no option the command after && is being run immediately, not at wake time.
Anyway these two lines do the trick:

*/5 * * * * sudo rtcwake -m no -l -t $(date +\%s -d 'tomorrow 00:01')
2 0 * * * /home/alex/perl/bkup/bkup.pl


how to move specific files based on their extensions

You can do this easily from one directory with:

mv /path/to/original/directory/*.pdf /path/to/new/directory

The command for a recursive move can be a little more complex. This should do the trick though:

find /original/directory/ | grep '\.pdf' | xargs -I {} mv {} /path/to/new/directory/

With the second command /original/directory will be search recursively for .pdf files.


In a Ubuntu release version, what kinds of updates/upgrades can we (not) get on installed packages and Linux kernel?

My currently used Ubuntu 19.04 is closest to debian-testing.

Myself, I don't think there is a debian-unstable equivalent (though having -proposed enabled on my 19.04 would be closest).

As for stable releases 18.04 LTS is closest to debian stable (but usually a year out in release, for example debian-9 release was june-2017, debian-8 was april-2015, debian-7 was may-2013, so it's not a fixed month but odd-year)

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to debian old-stable
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS is debian old-old-stable

Ubuntu LTS has the HWE kernel option; Debian has no easy switch to enable something like this.  Most other updates are rather similar between Ubuntu and Debian in my opinion.

Debian has no equivalent to non-LTS releases (they release only about every second year, and have no intermediate releases).


Cannot install Ubuntu to Acer Aspire One 756 (Intel Dual Core 847, 2 GB RAM)

I have an Acer Aspire One 756 Windows 8 preinstalled and UEFI secure mode ON and I solved this problem.

Download an Ubuntu 13.04 64 bit version
Create a bootable USB with that Linux
Go to BIOS (press F2 to startup) and set a supervisor password
doing so many menu options below will unlock
Set USB HDD first boot and disable secure mode
Reboot Linux and select try Linux (NO INSTALL)
Start GParted and use that to shrink Windows 8 partition (the most large one) to 20 gb
Into the free space created, create a 15 gb EXT4 partition and a 512 MG swap
Then start Linux installation and use OTHER option
Choose the new ext4 partition as / mount point and flag it to be formatted
DON'T touch grub installation partition. It should be /dev/sda. Leave it alone !!
Continue installing normally then reboot
Windows 8 will boot up DON'T worry !! This is normal and is a check to see if win 8 is there !!
Reboot Windows 8 and press F2 to enter BIOS at startup

re enable secure mode !!

Go to security menu and use "add uefi executable as secure for boot" option
here you will see  many folders , go to ubuntu an chose the ubuntu uefi file
BIOS now asks to add it as secure boot uefi firmware into database  and to set up a new name for it (set ubuntu or pluto ... or whatever you want)
save setting and reboot
Hit F12 on boot and you will see a new entry (ubuntu or pluto or whatever you put on section 15)
Select that one and UBUNTU will boot strap correctly

I'm writing this guide using exactly my brand new Ubuntu on Acer Aspire One 756

If you  boot computer normally Windows 8 will boot !!


Ubuntu 20 installer shows 0 free space and no partitions. How can I fix it?

The free space = 0 at the end there is not what's available.. this is space which does not belong to a partition at the moment at the end of your disk..
What I would do, is boot from the Ubuntu USB, start gparted, and create a partition out of this unallocated space (200Gb), make a note of how it's then named e.g.:/dev/sdX and then in the Installer use that as my / partition where I would put the Linux installation.


Is there any simple "one click" solution to clear print queue in KDE?

Yes, there is. Read man cancel;man lprm :  lprm -a should do the trick.


How do I contribute an autopkg test to ubuntu?

Autopkg tests can be written for any ubuntu package. The tests follow the DEP 8 specification for including tests as part of a deb package.

Writing a test

A test can be written in a myriad of languages. Common examples are C, bash, python and perl. To write a test:

Branch the package bzr branch ubuntu:
Add a source section in debian/control called XS-Testsuite: autopkgtest
Add the tests to debian/tests/ folder
Add a debian/tests/control which specifies the requirements for the testbed. For example:

Tests: build
Depends: build-essential

Contributing tests

Getting the test into ubuntu follows the normal ubuntu developer process. In short, you

Branch the source of the package you wish to add a test
Edit the debian/control and debian/tests/control file to enable the tests
Add the test(s) to debian/tests folder
Commit your changes and propose a merge

More information

To see a list of current autopkgtests, you can see the live jenkins output of all the tests that are currently being automatically run here.

In addition, the ubuntu developer documentation has further information on contributing an autopkg testcase, including examples of tests.


Gedit not preserving extended attributes on file edit

The answer is no. You will have to file a bug report, or fork the project and implement an extended attributes protocol.

In C++/Qt, I wrote a Library that accomplishes this using the <sys/xattr.h>. It is something you would have to attach to a QFile, and if its something you want to merge into Gedit, you would have to convert it to C code. In any case, it gives an example of an implementation.
Basic Header

#ifndef QXATTR_H
#define QXATTR_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QFile>
#include <sys/xattr.h>

class QXattr : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit QXattr(QFile &parent);

    template<typename T> bool        insert  ( const QString &name, T value ); // Returns true if properly serialized
    template<typename T> T           value   ( const QString &name ); // Gets value of name. Returns Null pointer if none found.
    template<typename T> QString     name    ( T value ); // Returns first name of given value
    template<typename T> QStringList names   ( T value ); // Returns all names of a given value
                         QStringList names   ();          // Returns all names
                         bool        contains( const QString &name ); // Returns true if name exists.
                         bool        remove  ( const QString &name ); // Returns true if something was removed.

    QString errorString(); // Last registered errno

protected:
    inline const char *fileName();
    void setErrorString(const QString &error);
    void getNames(); // Should trigger on a move action in case the filesystem changed

signals:
    void namesChanged();
    void errorStringChanged( QString error );
    // More signals will be placed here

private:
    QStringList m_Names;
    QFile &m_File;
    QString m_ErrorString;
};

#endif // QXATTR_H

Basic Source.

#include "qxattr.h"
#include "qconsoletoolkit.h"

QXattr::QXattr(QFile &parent)
    : QObject(&parent)
        , m_File(parent)
{

}

/* Insertion Templates */
template<typename T> bool QXattr::insert(const QString &name, T value)
{
    Q_UNUSED(name)
    Q_UNUSED(value)
    return false;
}
template<> bool QXattr::insert<QByteArray> (const QString &name, QByteArray  value)
{
    int error = setxattr(fileName(), name.toLocal8Bit().data(), value.data(), size_t(value.size()), 0 );
    ct_Check(error == -1, strerror(errno));
    this->getNames();
    return true;
}
template<> bool QXattr::insert<QString>    (const QString &name, QString     value)
{
    return this->insert<QByteArray>(name, value.toLocal8Bit());
}
template<> bool QXattr::insert<const char*>(const QString &name, const char* value)
{
    return this->insert<QByteArray>(name, QByteArray(value));
}

/* Value Templates */
template<typename T> T QXattr::value(const QString &name)
{
    Q_UNUSED(name)
}
template<> QByteArray QXattr::value<QByteArray>(const QString &name)
{
    ssize_t valueLength;
    valueLength = getxattr(fileName(), name.toLocal8Bit().data(), nullptr, 0);
    ct_Check(valueLength == -1, strerror(errno));
    if (!valueLength) { return QByteArray(); }

    QByteArray val(int(valueLength), ' ');
    valueLength = getxattr(fileName(), name.toLocal8Bit().data(), val.data(), size_t(valueLength));
    ct_Check(valueLength == -1, strerror(errno));
    return val;
}

/* Name Templates */
template<typename T> QString QXattr::name(T value)
{
    Q_UNUSED(value)
    return QString();
}
template<> QString QXattr::name<const char *>(const char* value)
{
    getNames();
    QByteArray ba(value);
    for ( int i = 0; i < m_Names.length(); i++ ) {
        if (ba == this->value<QByteArray>(m_Names.at(i))) { return m_Names.at(i); }
    }
    return QString();
}

/* Names Templates */
template<class T> QStringList QXattr::names(T value)
{
    Q_UNUSED(value)
    return QStringList();
}
template<> QStringList QXattr::names<const char *>(const char* value)
{
    getNames();
    QByteArray ba(value);
    QStringList names;
    for ( int i = 0; i < m_Names.length(); i++ ) {
        if (ba == this->value<QByteArray>(m_Names.at(i))) { names << m_Names.at(i); }
    }
    return names;
}
QStringList QXattr::names()
{
    getNames();
    return m_Names;
}

/* Regular Functions */
bool QXattr::contains(const QString &name)
{
    getNames();
    return m_Names.contains(name);
}
bool QXattr::remove(const QString &name)
{
    // Returns false if error.
    // Error can mean, that the name simply did not exist.
    if ( removexattr(fileName(), name.toLocal8Bit().data()) == -1 ) {
        setErrorString(strerror(errno));
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

/* Convenience Functions */
const char* QXattr::fileName()
{
    return m_File.fileName().toLocal8Bit().data();
}
void QXattr::setErrorString(const QString &error)
{
    m_ErrorString = error;
    emit errorStringChanged( error );
}
void QXattr::getNames()
{
    m_Names.clear();
    ssize_t bufferLength(0);
    ssize_t nameLength;
    char *name;

    /* Determine the length of the buffer needed. */
    bufferLength = listxattr(fileName(), nullptr, 0);
    ct_Check(bufferLength == -1, strerror(errno));
    if (!bufferLength) { return; }

    /* Allocate the buffer. */
    QByteArray buffer(int(bufferLength), ' ');

    /* Copy the list of attribute keys to the buffer. */
    bufferLength = listxattr(fileName(), buffer.data(), size_t(bufferLength));
    ct_Check(bufferLength == -1, strerror(errno));

    /* Loop over the list of zero terminated strings with the attribute keys.
     * Use the remaining buffer length to determine the end of the list. */
    name = buffer.data();
    QStringList names;
    while (bufferLength > 0) {
        m_Names << name;

        /* Forward to next attribute name. */
        nameLength = ssize_t(strlen(name) + 1);
        bufferLength -= nameLength;
        name += nameLength ;
    }
}

You will need to add more templates in order to handle serialization of the different data types. The original functions take void pointers so really you can put anything in it. How this would end up looking in C? Can't help you there.

https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Gedit/ReportingBugs


How to make Liberation Sans the default font in LO Writer?

Tools - Options - LibreOffice - Writer - Basic Fonts


How can I tell which app is coming from which source in GNOME?

GNOME Shell looks for a .desktop launcher associated to an applications in some standard directories:

/usr/share/applications/ (standard location for applications installed system-wide)
~/.local/share/applications/ (for applications installed locally, i.e. only for the current user)
/var/lib/snapd/desktop/applications/ (for snap applications)

If you open a .desktop launcher file with a text editor, you would find a Name= key which provides the name of the application (e.g. "Kdenlive") shown in your Activities or applications overview. There is also an Exec= key which contains the command to be used to run the application, thus it would also tell you what the source of the application is.
You can then simply rename the application as you wish by changing the Name= key to distinguish it from another one with the same name, for example change Name=Kdenlive to Name=Kdenlive (AppImage) for the one installed using AppImage. Then it would appear as 'Kdenlive (AppImage)' instead.
You can use GUI tools to achieve this perhaps more easily, for example:

Main Menu aka alacarte
Install by  running
sudo apt install alacarte

MenuLibre
Install by  running
sudo apt install menulibre


How can I search the ubuntu source code?

If it's that specific, Google should be able to help you -- it has indexed tons of publicly available source code. I'd be very surprised if it didn't find something.

Failing that (or any other sort of web search), strings is a pretty handy little application. It reads all the strings out of a file, even if it's binary. I've been hacking around and you can use this to find a phrase anywhere on your computer. This version is looking for "bad" in /usr/bin

find /usr/bin -exec bash -c 'if [[ $(strings {} | grep -i bad) ]]; then echo "{}"; fi' \;

That's obviously a pretty hardcore way of doing things. But wait, there's more. You can find the package for each result as you go:

find /usr/bin -exec bash -c 'if [[ $(strings {} | grep -i bad) ]]; then dpkg -S "{}"; fi' \;

Now that's what I call awesome. Here's it in action, looking for "No such device"

oli@bert:/var/log$ find /usr/bin -exec bash -c 'if [[ $(strings {} | grep -i "No such device") ]]; then dpkg -S "{}"; fi' \;
handbrake-gtk: /usr/bin/ghb
usbutils: /usr/bin/usbhid-dump


Can't boot ubuntu, not even in safe mode

I solved this by editing /etc/default/grub back to initial and also edited /etc/fstab back to initial state and then I went to the BIOS and enabled UEFI boot.

Now it seams to be mostly OK. Getting the purple screen sometimes.... but I just reboot and it works.


File Manager showing share files but gvfs folder does not

I am able to solve this by running below command.

pkill gvfs

after that i need to remount shares by file manager.


Ubuntu 17.10 hang while running as VM on ESXi 6.5

I had similar problems and installed the U1 update to solve them.

I followed this update procedure.

Summary:

esxcli network firewall ruleset set -e true -r httpClient
esxcli software profile update -d https://hostupdate.vmware.com/software/VUM/PRODUCTION/main/vmw-depot-index.xml -p ESXi-6.5.0-20170702001-standard
esxcli network firewall ruleset set -e false -r httpClient
reboot


Which Ubuntu version should I install in a Macbook mid 2009, is going up to the latest version okay?

I would reccommend 12.04 (due to increased stability and support), unless you can cope with occasional breakage - then you might consider 13.04 which has been running well for me.

From a hardware perspective, either should work. Burn a DVD or use a USB stick to test it in live mode before committing to the install.


The xorg-edgers PPA does not contain newer NVIDIA drivers anymore.
Additional drivers now are located in the Proprietary GPU Drivers PPA.

But you only need to add this PPA in case the drivers from the Ubuntu repositories do not work.
First remove NVIDIA software you already have installed and also remove the xorg-edgers PPA.

The most proper way to handle drivers installation is to perform this from a virtual console.
On login screen press Ctrl+Alt+F1 - enter your user name and password, then execute :

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo ppa-purge ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo reboot

After the restart install the stable NVIDIA drivers 352 from the official Ubuntu repositories.
On login screen press Ctrl+Alt+F1 - enter your user name and password, then execute :

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352
sudo reboot


How to get back the firefox apparmor profile after deleting it?

Dpkg says that the firefox package is responsible for it:

$ dpkg -S /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.firefox
firefox: /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.firefox

So, instead of reinstalling apparmor, reinstall Firefox:

sudo apt-get --reinstall install firefox

During the reinstallation, you'll be prompted whether you want to restore the file or not:

Configuration file `/etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.firefox'
 ==> Deleted (by you or by a script) since installation.
 ==> Package distributor has shipped an updated version.
   What would you like to do about it ?  Your options are:
    Y or I  : install the package maintainer's version
    N or O  : keep your currently-installed version
      D     : show the differences between the versions
      Z     : start a shell to examine the situation
 The default action is to keep your current version.
*** usr.bin.firefox (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?

Choose Y to install the file again.


LibreOffice-writer : Can I add shortcut-key for special characters?

I don't know how to solve this with the built in tools.

Nevertheless, I use AutoKey to insert text snippets like my address system wide. I guess you could just add a snippet containing the special character and set up a shortcut for it. AutoKey offers a lot of configuration possibilities for triggering snippets.

As my system is broken in the moment, I can't test it. Hope it helps anyways.


The solution was to set the Automatic Proxy Configuration (WPAD).
- Automatic configuration script http://wpad/wpad.dat added to LAN Connection Settings.

Under Network, click Settings...
Automatic proxy configuration URL: Click the radio button.
Enter http://wpad/wpad.dat. and Save


Do you mean that:

function my_command {
   echo "Blah $1 bleh $2"
}

and then

my_command a b

?

Of course you must load this function somehow, usually by including from ~/.bashrc. Frequent idiom is putting sth like

for i in $HOME/.bash.d/*.sh; do
    source $i
done

on the end of your ~/.bashrc, then every file you put into ~/.bash.d/ will be sourced (say you may create your command in ~/.bash.d/my_command.sh). For system-wide installation /etc/profile.d or /etc/sysprofile.d may exist in your system (or you may add them in the same way manually if they not, by editing /etc/profile).


How to set different folder/file permission for differrent user names or user groups?

You can use ACLs (a page to read about it: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissionsACLs).
ACLs work without any configuration needed at least in Ubuntu 13.04. I have no idea if they work in Ubuntu 12.04 straight away. If they don't, you could enable ACLs (search around how to do it) or ignore my answer.

To restrict user-one from accessing the restricted folder, you could run the command:

sudo setfacl -m u:user-one:- restricted

To give user-two only read/write permission to the folder:

sudo setfacl -m u:user-two:rw restricted

To remove all ACLs from the folder:

sudo setfacl -b restricted

To view the ACLs of the folder:

getfacl restricted

Also, when you use the command ls -l to view the standard permissions of the folder, you will see an additional '+' in the permissions.

Again, I don't know if ACLs are enabled by default in Ubuntu 12.04.
If these commands fail, then ACLs are not enabled.


Peoblem is that windows can not read ubuntu/linux partitions.

Tray to recover boot link is here.

After recovery you will be able to boot into ubuntu.


Is upstart a solid replacement for anacron yet?

As of Upstart 1.10 (used in Ubuntu 13.10):

Upstart current documenation is at http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook

Cron and anacron functionality has not been implemented in Upstart yet.

Reference: http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/#run-a-job-periodically

  11.26   Run a Job Periodically

  This cannot currently be handled by Upstart directly. However, the
  "Temporal Events" feature is being worked on now will address this.

  Until Temporal Events are available you should either use cron(8), or
  something like:

 # /etc/init/timer.conf

 instance $JOB_TO_RUN

 script   for var in SLEEP JOB_TO_RUN   do
     eval val=\${$var}
     if [ -z "$val" ]
     then
       logger -t $0 "ERROR: variable $var not specified"
       exit 1
     fi   done

   eval _sleep=\${SLEEP}   eval _job=\${JOB_TO_RUN}

   while [ 1 ]   do
     stop  $_job || true
     sleep $_sleep
     start $_job || true   done end script

Per-user tasks could refer to either 1) Running a job as a user [Upstart does this] or 2) Emitting and Listening for user-level events instead of system events [Upstart does this, too]

Running a job as a user is described at http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/#run-a-job-as-a-different-user

  11.43.2   Changing User

  Some daemons start running as the super-user and then internally
  arrange to drop their privilege level to some other (less privileged)
  user. However, some daemons do not need to do this: they never need
  root privileges so can be invoked as a non-root user.

  How do you run a "system job" but have it run as a non-root user then?
  As of Upstart 1.4, Upstart has the ability to run a System Job as a
  specified user using the setuid and setgid stanzas.

  However, if you are not using Upstart 1.4, it is easy to accomplish
  the required goal. There are a couple of methods you can use. The
  recommended method for Debian and Ubuntu systems is to use the helper
  utility start-stop-daemon(8) like this:

 exec start-stop-daemon --start -c myuser --exec command

  The advantage of using start-stop-daemon(8) is that it simply changes
  the user and group the command is run as. This also has an advantage
  over su(1) in that su(1) must fork to be able to hold its PAM session
  open, and so is harder for upstart to track, whereas
  start-stop-daemon(8) will simply exec the given command after changing
  the uid/gid.

  Another potential issue to be aware of is that start-stop-daemon does
  not impose PAM ("Pluggable Authentication Module") limits to the
  process it starts. Such limits can be set using the appropriate
  Upstart stanzas, you just cannot specify the limits via PAMs
  limits.conf(5).

  Of course, you may want PAM restrictions in place, in which case you
  should either use su(1) or sudo(8), both of which are linked to the
  PAM libraries.

  The general advice is NOT to use su(1) or sudo(8) though since PAM
  restrictions really not appropriate for system services. For example,
  PAM will make a wtmp(5) entry every time su(1) or sudo(8) are called
  and those records are not appropriate for system services.

  If you want to use su(1) or sudo(8), the examples below show you how.

  Using su(1):

 exec su -s /bin/sh -c command $user

  Note that although you could simplify the above to the following, it
  is not recommended since if user "$user" is a system account with a
  shell specified as /bin/false, the job will not run the specified
  command: it will fail due to /bin/false returning "1":

 exec su -c command $user

  The job will silently fail if user "$user" is a system account with a
  shell specified as /bin/false.

  To avoid the fork(2) caused by the shell being spawned, you could
  instead specify:

 exec su -s /bin/sh -c 'exec "$0" "$@"' $user -- /path/to/command
 --arg1=foo -b wibble

  This technique is particularly useful if your job is a Service Job
  that makes use of expect.

  A basic example using sudo(8):

 exec sudo -u $user command

User-level jobs (called "Session Jobs") are described at http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/#session-job

  4.2.3   Session Job

  As of Upstart v1.7

  Session Jobs are analogous to the old User Jobs. Unlike the old User
  Jobs, Session Jobs are not managed by Upstart running as PID 1 - they
  are managed by the users own Session Init.

  Unlike when Upstart runs as PID 1, a Session Init can read its Job
  Configuration files from multiple directories. The list of directories
  jobs are read from is as follows (in order):

 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/upstart/ (or $HOME/.config/upstart/ if $XDG_CONFIG_HOME not set).
 $HOME/.init/ (deprecated - supported for legacy User Jobs).
 $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS
 /usr/share/upstart/sessions/

  The name of each job is taken to be the basename when any of the
  directory names above have been removed. For example, if a job
  configuration file exists as $HOME/.config/upstart/hello/world.conf,
  its name will be "hello/world" whereas if a job configuration file
  exists as /usr/share/upstart/sessions/foo/bar.conf, its name will be
  "foo/bar".

  Upstart resolves any name collisions by simply accepting the first
  valid job (or override file) that it finds. For example, if the
  following two file exist:

 $HOME/.init/foo.conf $HOME/.config/upstart/foo.conf

  Only the first, $HOME/.init/foo.conf will be used. Whereas if the
  following files exist:

 $HOME/.init/foo.conf $HOME/.config/upstart/foo.conf
 $HOME/.config/upstart/foo.override

  Upstart will first read $HOME/.init/foo.conf, and then apply any
  changes in $HOME/.config/upstart/foo.override.


Nothing but problems after moving to 13.04

Something to bear in mind with regard to 13.04 vs 12.04: 12.04 is a long-term support (LTS) release and 13.04 is one of the three intermediate releases between the LTS versions. While major Ubuntu releases are fairly stable in general, there will many more instabilities compared with the LTS versions because they use more recent software and contain newer features. In the LTS releases much higher priority is given to software stability and maturity, whereas the releases in between contain reasonably stable software but perhaps not tested as thoroughly. It's not quite "bleeding edge" but it is a lot of newer software and there are likely to be some compatibility issues and breaking of features that used to work.

Unfortunately that's the trade-off you make between LTS and non-LTS releases: new features versus solid stability. However, a lot of the problems encountered in the non-LTS releases get fixed pretty quickly by the Ubuntu community, so if you're comfortable on the terminal you can usually find a post via Google of somebody's hacked together fix. :)

Also, with regard to upgrading, from my own experience and the experiences of others I've read, it's pretty much always better to reinstall new versions from scratch. It's very difficult to make sure the upgrade process works well in all software configurations. I don't worry about it so much for non-critical systems because I'm pretty comfortable fixing the problems myself, but on any machine where I need stability (like my main work PC) I will always back up my junk and install a new version from scratch.

You might try searching for issues related to your particular hardware and the drivers in use. You can figure out this out using the lspci command like so:

anthony@anthony-linpc:~$ lspci

which will give you output with lines like these:

...
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)
...
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Qualcomm Atheros AR8162 Fast Ethernet (rev 10)

Then you can grep the verbose output for the device you're looking for:

anthony@anthony-linpc:~$ lspci -v | grep -A 6 Wireless

which will give you the kernel driver being used:

02:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR9485 Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01)
    Subsystem: Lite-On Communications Inc Device 6628
    Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17
    Memory at f7d00000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=512K]
    Expansion ROM at f7d80000 [disabled] [size=64K]
    Capabilities: <access denied>
    Kernel driver in use: ath9k

Note what I did is is used lspci with no parameters to get a quick list of my PCI devices (which should include your network adapters and your audio device, among other devices I commented out for brevity). In the second command I use the -v (verbose) option to show me the kernel driver used (for my WiFi card it's the ath9k driver). You might have some luck putting those into Google, e.g. "ubuntu 13.04 Atheros ath9k problems" or something along those lines. (Also, fyi, running lspci with sudo will give you more information, but I don't know how much will be relevant to you for this).

Personally it's been a while (I mean like years) since I've had hardware issues with Linux, so I'd be a bit surprised if it weren't a pretty simple fix. Sometimes the hardest part is figuring out what to ask Google.


Why does the synaptic package manager shows that the latest version is 3.12 ?

Because for 12.04 3.12.2-1ubuntu3.4 is the latest stable version on release. And nobody backported the package (there is no need for it due to the reason below).

How can I update that hplip version from 3.12 to 3.13.8 ?

You can do it yourself. HP has an excellent track record and provides installers. And their installers are excellent so nobody feels the need to backport hplip.
Update your system to 14.04 (uses version 3.14.3) or 14.10 (3.14.6).


I'm running Alienware m14x with Windows 7, and I had the same problem. I'm not exactly sure how I fixed it, but I went through a bunch of different stuff to try to fix it (none of which actually worked individually, but may have contributed to my solution), then I uninstalled the SoundBlaster Recon 3Di system on Windows, and when I went back to ubuntu, the middle jack worked for my headphones (and is still working).


System has gotten very slow of late. How to unearth the problem?

There are three main issues which cause performance degridation, you can check for issues with these bottlenecks using the top command:

Processing (CPU)

When your CPU has way too much to process, it tries to prioritise what items should be processed first and how busy the system should be allowed to get. This is complicated by multi-processor and scaling processor technologies but it's basically an easy thing to check.

As the processor gets busier the system will slow down in response.

IO (Input/Output) aka Disk Activity

This is a key issue for modern machines with plenty of RAM and strong processors. The fact is, there is only so much bandwidth on the PCI bus and in-between all the parts of the computer. Copying files from the hard drive to the network causes slowdown in disk access and device access.

Accessing files creates file caches in memory and uses processing power to generate protocols needed to shuffle the data to a different place.

Memory (RAM)

If your computer ran out of memory, your programs would simply halt and/or crash. Instead the system starts putting lots of application data onto the swap partition. If you have a very intensive process that uses all of your ram, then you will find the entire of gnome and the ubuntu desktop will be saved to disk in the swap while the process completes.

Trying to load another process will take time as the data has to be recovered from the swap area which is orders of magnitudes slower than ram. Even when your process has finished, there will still be large chunks of important system data in swap which will degrade performance when it's pulled back for use.

Obviously communicating with the disk causes i/o overhead and swapping is to be avoided if at all possible. This last item is the most likely cause of your issues and I'm sorry to say, there isn't much that can be done about it. Make sure your processes are really gone using the top command mentioned above and if they are, be patient with your computer as it tries to recover large chunks of memory from the disk just after such processes.


How to create a bootable DVD to install Ubuntu 18.04 in Windows 10

I guess that you just burned the iso to DVD, so that the *.iso file is now on DVD. You have to create a running DVD from *.iso file.

So just right mouse click on *.iso file and choose "Burn disc image".


Ok, I finally found the (silly) source of my inability to unpublish a file.
Whenever I send a large file as attachment with Thunderbird I'm asked to link that file via U1. If I agree, Thunderbird will copy that file into the "Thunderbird Attachments" folder on U1. That is, I'm not actually publishing the file that I was referring to in the mail attachment but the copy of that file which resides in the Thunderbird folder.
Hence, trying to "unpublish" the original file will obviously not work.


Black page with Ubuntu logo, x does not start

The first step to recover your system should be fix the space problem and repair potentially broken packages.

Please follow this little guidance:

boot to recovery mode or use arescue cd
open a shell
set an environment variable rootPartition for later use. It should contain the device holding the root partition of your damaged installation
Run the following command. Please review if before and check that
all assumptions are correct, e.g. the ext4 file system. (It is copied
from my notepad.)

rootPartition="$(echo /dev/mapper/*-root)"
mkdir /target
mount ${rootPartition} /target

# preserve network resolution
cat /etc/resolv.conf  >/target/etc/resolv.conf

# special file systems
mount -o bind /dev /target/dev
mount -o bind /sys /target/sys
mount -t proc none /target/proc

# for grub, update-initramfs, ...
# * use correct mount table (existing is not in sync!)
# * prepend the correct view of the root partition (needed for update-initramfs)
{ echo ${rootPartition} / ext4 rw 0 0
  cat  /proc/mounts
} > /target/etc/mtab # for grub reinstallation

# switch
chroot /target /bin/bash

Now you are in your broken installation. You may try to mount additional partitions like /usr/ if needed.
Inspect your running low of diskspace problem and do the right steps to solve it. If you need assistance here, I`m sure you may find already the required hints on askubuntu.
Don't forget to ensure that the installation is in a sane state:

dpkg --configure -a
apt-get update
apt-get install -f

Reinstall the nvidia drivers packages

ensure to remove the current drivers dpkg --purge --force-depends "nvidia*
install again: apt-get install -f nvidia-current

On the first image is ubuntu 11.04 shown.
So you should also ensure that your system is really upgraded to 12.04.

Check /etc/apt/sources.list and /etc/apt/sources.list.d that all references to natty are removed and the repositories for precise are declared.
Enforce an upgrade: apt-get dist-upgrade

With a little bit luck you can reboot back to a running installation.


Had the same problem, but i found out that in newest version of OBS they made tray indicators to be OFF by default.
So i did it myself.
It's in a File-Setting-System Tray.
(I use Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS)


https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/natty/gpointing-device-settings/

Check this if it contains what you need.

EDIT:

Or this:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/GnomeTouchpadManager


Ubuntu Studio 15.10 - icons not appearing in Kdenlive

I had a similar problem in Ubuntu 14.04.3. When I tried to run Kdenlive as a root:

root@COMP:~# kdenlive

I got this error in console:

Error: standard icon theme "oxygen" not found!

In Synaptic Package Manager I have searched for "oxygen" and reinstalled everything installed. This solved my issue with missing Kdenlive icons.

Make sure you have installed Oxygen default icon theme.


what's domain in the dashboard of Ubuntu Openstack

I just figured it out...

the domain that worked for me is "admin_domain".

I got it from /etc/keystone/keystone.conf inside the keystone machine.

Do "juju status" to figure out in which machine keystone is deployed

Unit                      Workload  Agent  Machine  Public address   Ports              Message
keystone/0*               active    idle   0/lxd/1  192.168.100.217  5000/tcp           Unit is ready

Then ssh to it and cat the file

juju ssh 0/lxd/1
sudo cat /etc/keystone/keystone.conf

The last lines show the domain and user:

[ldap]
[resource]
admin_project_domain_name = admin_domain
admin_project_name = admin


How to run a command through a keyboard shortcut in the current directory?

It seems that you want to run this command via terminal. If so, the solution can vary a lot depending on what terminal you're using, if gnome-terminal, terminator, konsole, etc. Check the 'Preferences' menu of the terminal your using and search for Shortcuts or Keybindings, again it can vary a lot..


Can't install anything on ubuntu. Dependency error

sudo apt install -f

Upon running the install command above, Ubuntu’s package manager will try to fix the dependency issues you are facing, and print out the changes it’s going to make. Read through the on-screen prompt that the terminal prints out. Then, when you’re done reading the on-screen prompt, press Y on the keyboard to continue.
Let the Apt packaging tool install the various software dependencies required to set your program up. Alternatively, if Apt can’t find any of the missing software dependencies it needs to work, it will automatically uninstall the app. If this is the case, consider trying to find the app through other means, rather than a DEB package.


Invoicing Visual Basic software replacement or web application?

I don't know if you resolve this issue, a application web is the best solution, you don't need internet connection. You can develop a web application and put on the web server using LAMP or LEMP server of local way. Also, if you develop a application with Gambas you don't need Wine, this is need only if you try run de VB app in Linux.


What does each part of the `ls -la` output mean?

Let’s take this one to analyse:

-rwxrw-r-- 1 root    root       4096 Dec 18 16:41 somefile.txt

We will split the output for better understanding.

Field1  Field2  Field3  Field4  Field5  Field6  Field7  Field8  Field9        Field10

-       rwx     rw-     r--     1       root    root    4096    Dec 18 16:41  somefile.txt

First field:

- for regular file, d for Directory, l for symlink

Second: The owner can read, write and execute this file
Third: The owner's group can read and write this file
Fourth: Other users can read, but not write or execute this file.
Fifth: The number of hard links to this file or directories inside this directory.
Sixth: The object's owner
Seventh: The object's owner's group. All of the users in this group (for example, root, user, www-data, etc.) are affected by the permissions in field 3.
Eighth field is the object's size in bytes. Note: ls -lh will use k, M, G, T etc. for human readable. (See man ls or run ls --help.)
Ninth field: The object's last modified time; for directories this is not inheritive.
Tenth field: The object's name as stored in the filesystem's table of contents

See understanding the Unix permission model, man chmod and apropos permissions for more information.

Note: Some versions of ls(1) also display the octal permissions, which are a simple way of using a number to display and store the first through fourth fields.


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and Wifi hardblock on Lenovo Y700 (intel ac 8260)

Run in a terminal

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/ideapad.conf <<< "blacklist ideapad_laptop"

and reboot.


Just clone the git repo and build. You need to install git, make and cmake for this to work. If not installed, use the following to install:
sudo apt install git build-essential cmake

Then clone and build:
git clone https://github.com/spglib/spglib.git
cd spglib
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
sudo make install


Ubuntu 16.04 Desktop startup with no monitor

Maybe installing xrdp you can connect from otrher computers, using Remote Desktop in Windows or Remote Dsktop for Mac by Microsoft or RemminaLinux.


Can I go with Ubuntu software Center if Ubuntu Software (on 16.04) isn't working properly?

Because the default GNOME Software application (Ubuntu Software) and the Ubuntu Software Center do not have the same packages, some people install both applications in order to be able to search for packages in both of them. The Ubuntu Software Center will be discontinued starting in Ubuntu 17.04, but it will still be possible to use Synaptic Package Manager as a replacement app for the Ubuntu Software Center.

To install Ubuntu Software Center alongside Ubuntu Software in Ubuntu 16.04, open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install software-center

To remove Software application and install Ubuntu Software Center in Ubuntu 16.04:

sudo apt remove ubuntu-software
sudo apt install software-center

The Ubuntu Software Center will work in Ubuntu 16.04 about the same way as the Software application except for minor differences in the user interface. The available packages in the Ubuntu Software Center will be updated as updates become available by the Software Updater.

In the Dash search for Software & Updates and then under the Ubuntu Software tab to the right of Download from there is a downward black arrow that can be clicked to show a dropdown menu that lets you select the nearest mirror for updating the latest list of software from each archive it knows about. If you haven't already selected the fastest mirror, this can speed up downloading software updates and packages that are waiting to be installed. It sometimes makes a big difference to select the fastest mirror, because the fastest mirror may be able to download at the maximum speed allowed by the terms of your account with your internet service provider.


That error message doesn't mean the command didn't do its job. It's normal for the GNOME VFS mounts folder ~/.gvfs to be impervious to manual changes, since it's perpetually locked and in use (what you read on Launchpad is correct). You could try chowning it without sudo and that might succeed, but really that folder is extremely unlikely to be relevant to the problem you're experiencing. The contents of that folder are not likely to be responsible for any problems authenticating to log in or to perform administrative tasks (including in the Software Center).

If this was your only error message, it probably means that answer didn't work for you, and you'll have to seek other possible solutions to your problem in that question.


Lubuntu Temperature Monitor from Celcius to Fahrenheit

If you install psensor, in the settings you can select Celsius/Fahrenheit. I'm not sure how to get it for the monitor your using, but psensor has a panel icon, and a nice graph:

(The reason the temps are high is because KSP is running the background :P)


Text and lines Jamming after installing some font packages!

Remove the packages what u have installed and remove using sudo apt-get autoremove


Steam starts to open for a few seconds, then closes

It looks like you didn't install the appropriate graphics card drivers,go to Settings->Software&Updates->Additional Drivers and install the latest one's


Ypu RAM is almost full and you are swapping. I do not know what webStorm is (never heard before), but you are clearly running low on RAM. Try to look in the "Processes" tab what is eating it up so much and kill it.


You can start the NetworkManager applet with the 'nm-applet' command.

$ nm-applet


Boot into GRUB from Windows boot manager in UEFI dual boot configuration

You should first be aware that modern EFI-based computers boot in entirely different ways from older BIOS-based computers. I suspect you're laboring under incorrect BIOS-mode mental models, which is leading you astray. I recommend reading:

Adam Williamson's blog entry on how EFI works -- This page describes the theory behind EFI-mode booting.
A question and answers on the differences between BIOS and EFI booting on Superuser.com -- This provides the basics of the preceding, but is more concise.
My page on installing Linux on EFI systems -- This page is a more practical introduction to EFI-mode booting than Adam Williamson's blog.
The Ubuntu community wiki entry on UEFI -- This page is a bit disjointed, but is the most Ubuntu-specific introduction to EFI and its issues.

That's admittedly a long reading list. If you have time for just one, I'd go with the first, or possibly the second. The third and fourth are more practical tutorial on installation, but you've already got a working system, albeit one that's not working in quite the way you want.

Of particular importance for this discussion, under EFI, boot loaders are stored as ordinary files in the EFI System Partition (ESP). The boot loader to be launched by default is stored in NVRAM, which can be displayed by sudo efibootmgr -v in Ubuntu, and modified with other options to efibootmgr. (Type man efibootmgr for details, in the usual terse manpage style.) Your /boot partition holds Linux kernels, GRUB configuration and support files, and a few other boot-related tools; but the main GRUB binary, grubx64.efi, is stored on the ESP, which is mounted at /boot/efi in Ubuntu.

That out of the way, Windows requires the Windows boot loader, and Ubuntu requires a Linux boot loader. The latter is GRUB 2 by default, but can be any of several other EFI boot loaders for Linux. The task of a boot loader is to load an OS kernel into memory and start it running.

A boot manager, OTOH, displays a menu or otherwise provides a way for a user to select what OS to launch. GRUB and the Windows boot loader both provide boot manager functions as well as boot loader functions; but there are programs that provide boot loader functions only or boot manager functions only. In fact, all EFIs provide some sort of boot manager, although in some cases it's so primitive that it's useless.

I've heard that it's possible to configure the Windows boot manager to launch GRUB, even in EFI mode; but I don't know the details of how to do this. You might ask about it on a Windows forum if you want to investigate this approach.

Another alternative, if you don't like the GRUB UI, is to look into another boot manager. For something that's non-intimidating once configured, my own rEFInd boot manager may be to your liking. It presents a graphical view (although it's still keyboard-driven), so it's likely to be less intimidating than the text-mode GRUB. You might want to tweak rEFInd's configuration once it's installed. See its configuration and Secure Boot documentation in particular.


When installing Ubuntu in UEFI mode, what (if anything) is installed at the location specified using the "Device for boot loader installation" option?

I asked a Canonical employee who has knowledge of the subject, and that employee replied as follows:

  "You're right; [the 'Device for boot loader installation' option is]
  ignored for EFI-mode installations."


Do all Ubuntu users get the same patches as Ubuntu Advantage users?

where if you pay for support you get patches faster?

For systems that are not end of life there is no difference.

Does Ubuntu provide the same patches to normal users

For systems that are not end of life there is no difference.
Ubuntu Advantage users get the following perks ...

Extended Security Maintenance (ESM)
Kernel live patch service to avoid reboots
Landscape on-premises systems management tool
24/7 phone and ticket support
Support for OpenStack, Kubernetes, Ceph/Swift and more
Knowledge base access
IP legal assurance program
FIPS 140-2 certified crypto modules and Common Criteria

The 1st one is the one that matters:

Security and compliance
Aligning to organisational needs to build upon rapid release cycles, ESM ensures systems and the Linux kernel remain patched against security vulnerabilities through Ubuntu Advantage.
Canonical’s Ubuntu security team provide fixes on high and critical CVEs (common vulnerabilities and exposures) for the most commonly used server packages in the Ubuntu main archive. ESM provides the essential continuation of the security updates for 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin) and 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) that Ubuntu users have always received via a secure, private archive.

it means Advantage offers support beyond end of life. So where 12.04 is not being updated, Ubuntu Advantage will provide security updates. Mind that we also get these updates but that is because we do not use 12.04 anymore.


What are all these SSL certificates on a fresh installation of Ubuntu?

In order to use SSL/TLS, you need to have Certificate Authority Root Certificates.  This is how your computer is able to see that an SSL certificate is truly valid.  This is key to your system's security, SSL 'web of trust', and protecting your bank account credentials from nefarious actors.

Anybody can create an SSL certificate and sign it.  They can do this for any domain.  Certificate Authorities perform the role of ensuring that certificates are only created for domains owned by the requesting entity.  Your computer will not accept a certificate for google.com unless it's signed by a trusted, Certificate Authority, not by someone generating a random certificate.

You have to start your trust somewhere.  Most people allow their Operating System to determine the certificates, knowing that these certificates are being managed by smart people.  In some circumstances, you may wish to strip out some of these certificates, but it's not likely this is a good idea for you right now.

Certificate Authorities should follow best practices, such as cold storage of their Root Certificate, which is used to create Intermediate Certificates.  This means that the likelyhood of compromise of the Root Certificate is lessened, while allowing systems/people to use the Intermediate Certificate to generate certificates for customers, etc.  This is important as it allows for long-term, established trust in the Root Certificates, while allowing a practical way of providing customers' certificates.

A similar question was asked, What is the use/purpose of the ca-certificates package?. Also, Let's Encrypt is a recent example of a company using a signed, Intermediate Certificate, soon (Apr 2019) to rely on their 'ISRG Root Certificate', which has been adopted by many major Operating Systems.  Following the Let's Encrypt story might give you more insight and a practical example.


Why does Lubuntu 14.04 Kernel Panic on boot when Notebook is connected to AC Power, but not when on battery

Kernel 3.13.0-59 seems to be buggy. There a number of reports, that installation of this kernel causes various problems.

Probably some backport was not very good.

I suggest switching to kernel 3.19 by running

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-vivid


I guess the permanent fix will be

sudo update-initramfs -u

And the correct command in rc.local will be

rmmod psmouse
modprobe -v psmouse insmod /lib/modules/3.16.0-34-generic/kernel/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse.ko

without all those wrong things like chmod u+x /home/nurho@NuRho/.

But it is still not a correct way.


Does MonoDevelop's syntax deviate from VisualStudio's

Mono on Ubuntu is almost the same as .NET in MS Windows. The differences are when you want Windows API functions which are not existing in Ubuntu. Otherwise it should work. Microsoft supports Mono development. I guess you can always encounter some functionalities that will not work in mono but in general there should be no problem. Be careful not to use Win API and you should be fine.

I was developing some programs with MonoDevelop using C# and mono and when I created an exe file it worked unchanged in Windows and vice versa. Even remoting and inter process communication worked out of the box.

Read this: http://www.mono-project.com/docs/faq/general/#mono-and-microsoft


How can I rename a file in a different path without changing the current directory or writing the path twice?

Another thing you can do is open another shell (like bash) in your current one, cd to the directory of the file, and then mv.
Then you just close the shell with Ctrl+D (which moves back to your previous directory).