How can i get back the default in build Gpu driver After medding up my gpu drivers

U made a mistake in ppa driver installation
Execute these commands to install ppa drivers

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
sudo apt update && sudo apt -y upgrade
Done


Install network-manager on Ubuntu14.04.4 LTS using live CD or any means

Few options that may work:

If you have possibility to connect wired interface.

Check interface name (ex eth0)

sudo ifconfig -a

Connect using DHCP client

sudo dhclient eth0

Install needed packages

Live CD does not have a packages archive (in pool folder), so:

Boot with live CD
Either download dpkg-repack and repack the need packages then reboot and install them.

Or copy their installed files manually: get list using dpkg -L <packagename> then reboot and fix the dpkg status using sudo dpkg --audit; sudo dpkg configure -a


Difference between OpenVPN Access Server and just OpenVPN

In short: OpenVPN Access Server is "almost free" and "just OpenVPN" (Community Edition) is totally free
However, they are configured in different ways. Open AS has indeed a web interface that simplifies (a lot) the tasks for setting it up. Open CE on the other hand, has to be configured by editing some configuration files
OpenVPN Access Server:
pros: very simple an intuitive configuration
cons: limited to two concurrent users. Although each additional one costs only nine USD a year, they are purchased in blocks of ten.
Some web features don´t work well (uploading your own CA certificate is one of them, so you still have to edit some files. See https://openvpn.net/index.php/access-server/docs/admin-guides/175-how-to-replace-the-access-server-private-key-and-certificate.html, method two)
OpenVPN Community Edition:
pros: completely free. Can have multiple concurrent users
cons: configuration is not a simple task
Conclussion:
If you can deal with the two users restriction, go for OpenVPN AS. If not, use OpenVPN AS for configuration and once working, switch to OpenVPN CE using such configuration as base. See
Easy method of switching from Openvpn-Acess Server to Community Edition?


It is theoretically possible to empty GC Trash but you would be wasting your time.

The clever thing about Grub is that it is able to set itself up, by reading the available data on the disks. It does not require any configuration input as such.

Therefore if you were to empty the Trash, it would immediately reappear back on the main grub boot menu. The fact that these entries are in Trash, means that they will NOT reappear!

Having said all that, I am no expert, so it may be possible to permanently remove various options from the initial setup file - but this is a risky business and unnecessary.

Also any new Ubuntu version would re-instate all the previous options again.


The answer here: Ubuntu 16.04 HDMI Audio Not working, speaker-test works still works for me. I use a Zotac (not cherry) running 18.04 and had the same issue. No HDMI sound, but speaker-test (as your example) did gave me the noise.

So as mentioned in the answer (in link) edit /etc/pulse/default.pa with the two lines.


Re-enable keyboard shortcuts "first login" cheat-sheet

I stumbled across the solution, and it is very simple!

Simply delete the file called first_run.stamp under the folders .cache/unity in your home directory.

rm ~/.cache/unity/first_run.stamp

Update: In Ubuntu 16.04, delete the file called first_run.stamp under the folders .config/unity in your home directory.

rm ~/.config/unity/first_run.stamp


What is the payout date for commercial applications?

As noted in the Developer Agreement, payments happen within 30 days of the end of every calendar quarter. If it has been 2 calendar quarters since payment it is likely that we sent you an email requesting information to which you did not respond or the only charge was due to our end to end testing of your app.

You can send me an email at john dot pugh at canonical.com with the application name and I can ensure we have the proper information to process your payment.


How can I access Windows files from Ubuntu

yes of course you can acccess windows NTFS/FAT32 partitions from Ubuntu

From help.ubuntu.com:

  Using the File Manager For those using a desktop version of Ubuntu, or
  one of its offical derivatives, the easiest and quickest way of
  mounting NTFS or FAT32 partitions is from the file manager: Nautilus
  in Ubuntu, Thunar in Xubuntu, Dolphin in Kubuntu and PCManFM in
  Lubuntu. Simply look in the left pane of the file manager for the
  partition you wish to mount and click on it - it will be mounted and
  its contents will show up in the main pane. Partitions show with their
  labels if labelled, or their size if not.

  Unless you require your Windows partition - or a NTFS/FAT32 partition
  for data shared with Windows - mounted every time you boot up for one
  of the reasons given below, mounting from the file manager in this way
  should suffice.

  If you are using a Wubi version of Ubuntu and you wish to browse the
  host partition, you do not need to mount it - it is mounted already in
  the "host" folder. Click on "File System" in the left pane of the
  Nautilus file browser and then open the host folder which you will see
  in the main pane.

Just Open Home folder from your Dash menu and you can see all partitions mounted under Devices:

Click on the needed drive and copy files/folders thw way you want to your Ubuntu drive


How should I install this program? Which package type is better?

If you install the snap, you'll get automatic updates whenever the upstream developer pushes a new version to the store. I don't believe appimages auto-update.


Fn key behaves like Ctrl-left and Ctrl-left not working

After I unplugged the power cable and removed the battery for a while, everything is back to normal. It seems that this is a known problem for HP laptops which has nothing to do with Ubuntu. I'm posting the answer here in case anyone else has the same problem.


Restart your machine, in the GRUB menu, go to the recovery option and follow the on-screen instructions. If repairing does not fix your problem, select the option to drop to a root shell inside the recovery mode and post the output of lsusb.


Problem with Deluge: "no incoming connection!"

I also had this problem, and was troubleshooting for the last few days. There was little information online; everything was telling me to do what the only other answer in this thread says, changing the ports deluge was using. This didn't work, so I began changing random settings and seeing if they affected it. On the below screen I had everything set to -1, and as soon as I changed them Deluge started working fine. I'm not sure which setting it is but I don't care, as long as I can torrent.


on how many supercomputers does Ubuntu actually run on

You can find the operating system breakdown, amongst other statistics for the top 500 supercomputers here.

About 90% use some variety of Linux. None report using Ubuntu, but almost none specify exactly which Linux distribution they use.

I suspect the majority use their own customised distributions  with both the kernel and software tailored for their hardware and major uses. My guess would be that they would use either Red Hat or Debian (as Ubuntu does) as a starting point for customisation, but this is just my supposition.


How could I, when using i3, have a terminal always be the bottomost application

What you are looking for, is not in line with the concept of a tiling window manager. With respect to the visual aspect: just open a terminal, configured to have a transparant background using Super+Enter, and you will be there. The terminal will fill the whole screen.
Opening a second window in the same workspace will reduce the terminal to half the screen, and use the other half for the new application. That is how a tiling window manager is designed to work. If you are looking to have bottommost and topmost applications, stacking window managers, e.g. Openbox, will be your preference.


I cannot watch some videos after upgrading to flashplugin

Esta es la solución cuando el problema es que antes de la actualización si que se veían los vídeos, ya que estaba correctamente instalado el plugin Flash Player, pero han dejado de verse tras la actualización.

Ejecutar en la terminal: gksu gedit /usr/bin/firefox   con lo que se abre el ejecutable de Firefox con el procesador de textos, con permisos para modificarlo.
Debajo de la primera linea del archivo,donde dice: #!/bin/sh
hay que añadir la línea:
export XLIB_SKIP_ARGB_VISUALS=1  de forma que ésta sea la segunda línea del archivo.
Guardar los cambios en el archivo, cerrarlo, y reiniciar Firefox, y ya se vuelven a ver los vídeos.

Al actualizar Firefox se reescribe la configuración del navegador pero no las opciones de vídeo como por ejemplo las transparencias, lo que hace que el plugin falle al renderizar la imagen. Lo que se hace añadiendo  esta línea es decirle que tenga en cuenta dichas transparencias.

English translation (with the help of Google Translator, plus formatting and clarity changes):

Here's the solution, when the problem is that the videos worked before the upgrade, but not after.

Run in terminal:

gksu gedit /usr/bin/firefox

That opens the Firefox executable script with a word processor, with permission to modify it. Below the first line of the file where it says #!/bin/sh, you must add the line:

export XLIB_SKIP_ARGB_VISUALS=1

That should be the second line of the file. Save the changes to the file, close it and restart Firefox, and you should be able to re-watch the videos.

Firefox was rewritten to update the browser settings but no video options such as transparency, which makes the plugin fails to render the image. That line, once added, accounts for those transparencies.


After set up environment variables my pyspark fail in ubuntu

I solved it.
First, it was missing the "spark-2.4.7-bin-hadoop2.7" file, so I download it from https://spark.apache.org/downloads.html. Then uncompress the tar file in the path  (in my case):
/home/jogabell/Documentos/programas
Thas was all.


File browser with tags to organize documents

Since posting the answer I stumbled upon tagspaces, which kind of solves the problem.

It adds tags to the files by modifying the filename with a specific syntax that it understands. That makes it useful outside of the program's environment (since you can pick up on the syntax and use it on your searches) but it also has some limitations. For example, you can't (that I know of) change the syntax of the tagging to something that works better for you (they use spaces in the name by default, which is terrible for CLI, for example).

I'm not completely satisfied with this, but so far this is the best answer I've got.


Hibernation is still missing from menu in 13.10 after enabling via polkit. How to enable?

14.04 and beyond

Mitch points out in his answer for 14.04 and 16.04 that you should check 10-vendor.d/com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla before modifying anything. Also check that you have Secure Boot disabled and if that brings the menu option back.

Re-enabling the hibernation option in the menu

To re-enable the hibernation option in the menu, your /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla should be modified to look like the following in saucy (13.10):

[Re-enable hibernate by default in upower]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

[Re-enable hibernate by default in logind]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

Then reboot or run killall indicator-session-service in your session and you should have your hibernate functionality/menu option back. Create the file if it doesn't exist already.

Investigation from bug report

Citation from Jeffery To's post on Launchpad Bug Report #1232814:

  For Saucy, indicator-session was updated to use logind
  (org.freedesktop.login1) instead of upower.

  If you check
  /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla,
  you'll see that hibernate is disabled by default in both upower and
  logind.

  So the first step to re-enable the Hibernate option is to edit
  /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla
  to something like:

[Re-enable hibernate by default in upower]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

[Re-enable hibernate by default in logind]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

  After rebooting, the login screen session menu should have a Hibernate
  option.

  [...]

All thanks and credit go to Jeffery!

Why was hibernation disabled?

There exists a bug report on launchpad that suggests disabling suspend/hibernate instead of tracking which hardware "certifies" for which power modes. It's claimed to be a more scalable approach.

Another thing to mention is that using UEFI Secure Boot and hibernation appears to be possible but may be a risk to circumvent the former. (1, 2) As a reminder, when you use hibernation you store everything in RAM to disk without encryption, this includes passwords for encrypted filesystems and containers.

At some point with 16.04 I had to disable Secure Boot to be able to hibernate my laptops. In my case I used uswsusp and testing with s2disk returned the message below. This may give you a hint that your issue, why you can't hibernate although everything else is in place, is related to Secure Boot:

s2disk: Could not open the snapshot device. Reason: Operation not permitted

However, please understand that this is not a place to complain and please be nice.

Related questions

How can I tell Ubuntu to do nothing when I close my laptop lid? (or tell Ubuntu to hibernate when closing the laptop lid)


When the SDK is starting , it indeed does restart the ADB server. There is some problem with ADB sometimes not showing all devices without restarting it.

However your installation is not support BUT you might have a chance to change how the ADB server is starting by modifying the SDK scripts somewhere in:
/usr/ubuntu-sdk-ide/qtcreator/ubuntu/scripts/device_search

Not sure if the path is correct, the scriptname definately is.

If you find a way that makes that work in and outside the container we probably even can include it.


Cannot open NCBI web site from Ubuntu 14.04 desktop?

Do these steps and it might help

Restart your computer

restart your internet router and all wifi routers in between

clear cache of your browser

goto any direct link for ncbi website (google for: disease+ncbi )


How to deal with GNOME extensions and themes when upgrading Ubuntu?

The preferred way to upgrade typically is to reinstall fresh, then reconfigure your system. This has the enormous benefit that you start with a configuration that has been fully tested by the developers. This also has the benefit of a cleanup. Old configuration files are gone and have no chance to interfere with your new installation.
If you insist on upgrading, that is supported as well. Note that that may eventually incur some issues in the new installation, and not with theming alone. Still, the chance that there is an issue with the GTK theming is very small. For sure, there is essentially no chance that your custom theming would "break your GUI" in a sense that you would not be able to use it.


There are some debugging hints on the wiki: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Audio


Can boot from SSD-drive, but Ubuntu installer can't find it

The problem was actually the BIOS. I upgraded it from version 210 to 214, and voila! Disk was recognized in Ubuntu installer and installation ran smoothly.

A brief summary of the upgrading process. See pdf from ASUS for exact instructions ASUS instruction PDF

Download the newest BIOS version
Unzip the downloaded file and put it on a USB
Restart the computer with USB inserted and enter BIOS.
Enter the BIOS flashing meny in BIOS
Locate your unzipped file on the USB and click start upgrade


I accidentally removed the Trash folder at /local/share/Trash. How to recover it?

The trash folder is found here

/home/username/.local/share/Trash

If it's not there check here

/root/.local/share/Trash


Yes. You can. And I've done it before. However the OS will then run generally very slow. So what I recommend (and what I tend to do) is learn how to swap the hard drive out easily and I bring screwdriver with me. I have a Lenovo laptop and my laptop bag has SSDs and a screwdriver. I find that I can do a swap in 15 minutes but it's worth it if you don't need to swap the OS that often.


Identical folders in home directory after decryption of home directory failed

I have had exactly the same thing. Twice. No idea why.

Thankfully, you can delete the duplicate files / folders. You can prove to yourself that they're all there by doing ls -a in your home directory from the command line.

When you boot up, and are at the login screen, press Ctrl+Alt+F1. Login at the command prompt.

Here's a little script in ruby that should fix the issue (you may need to do sudo apt-get install ruby first to install, then run the following file from your home directory):

      #!/usr/bin/env ruby
      all = `ls -a`.split("\n")
      some = all.uniq
      some.each { |a| idx = all.index(a); all[idx] = nil }
      all.compact.each { |dup| `mv "#{dup}" "duplicate00_#{dup}"`}

(Note: I haven't tested this. It should be reasonably safe though so long as you have no other filenames starting duplicate00. No guarantees though!) This will find all the duplicate filenames and rename the newer ones duplicate00_filename. You can then view the folders in Nautilus, move any files you wish to save, and then delete them safely. If it happens again, run the script but change the destination filename to duplicate01.. etc.


Some important notes:

Lubuntu 12.04 is an LTS (Long Term Support) release, it will be supported till April, 2019. Lubuntu 14.10 is a normal release and its support will end in July, 2015. So, unless you have a very good reason you should stick with 14.04 LTS. Also check Ubuntu release cycle insights.
Lubuntu 15.04 has been release this month, this one will be supported till January, 2016. Now you might be interested in upgrading directly from 14.04 to 15.04, but this is not possible. Al first you have to upgrade to 14.10 and then to 15.04 or you can do a backup of all your data and then install 15.04 directly from disc. Again sticking with Lubuntu 14.04 might be the best option for you.

Knowing all that if you still want to upgrade from Lubuntu 14.04 to 14.10, do the following:

At first you need to confirm that /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades  file has the following line:

Prompt=normal

If Prompt has any other value e.g. lts or never, change it to Prompt=normal.
Now you can run the following command to upgrade your Lubuntu 14.04 to Lubuntu 14.10:

sudo do-release-upgrade

Also check out the general release up-gradation thread.


What is the ! in byobu's status bar mean?

From man pages:

  updates_available - the number of updates available on the system; displayed in the lower bar toward the right in white text on a red background with a trailing '!' sign; if any updates are marked 'security updates', then there will be a total of two trailing exclamation points, '!!'


Is there a command to scan my network and check the conflict IPs

After googling and trying I have found this work around.

Install arp-scan if you are not already:

sudo apt-get install arp-scan

now run this command:

sudo arp-scan -l

This will search the whole network for duplicate IPs. When two Ips are the same a keyword(DUP) beside the ouput line will be shown and thus you can know the duplicates:

% arp-scan -N -r 1 -s 192.168.1.40 192.168.1.0/24
Interface: eth0, datalink type: EN10MB (Ethernet)
Starting arp-scan 1.2 (ether-scan-engine 1.3) with 256 hosts
192.168.1.33    00:00:5e:00:01:ca       USC INFORMATION SCIENCES INST
192.168.1.34    00:0b:46:e4:8d:6d       Cisco
192.168.1.34    00:0b:48:5d:4c:3f       Cisco (DUP: 2) **DUPLICATE HERE note the mark DUP beside**
192.168.1.45    00:0a:b7:9b:b7:7a       Cisco Systems
192.168.1.46    00:0a:b7:9b:b7:01       Cisco Systems


Automatic security update fails by unmet dependency

The best way to check for old unused kernels is using

dpkg -l linux-image* | grep ii | awk '{print $2}' | grep -v $(uname -r)

This will display each kernel version except the one you already has installed:

dpkg -l linux-image* | grep ii | awk '{print $2}' | grep -v $(uname -r)
linux-image-3.8.0-30-generic
linux-image-extra-3.8.0-30-generic
linux-image-generic

In my case, linux-image-generic should not be removed, since it is a metapackage that allows that my kernels get updated without my intervention whenever they becomes available. So the only two packages I should remove are linux-image-3.8.0-30-generic and linux-image-extra-3.8.0-30-generic.


echo high > /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_dpm_force_performance_level Permission denied?

In: /sys/class/drm/cardX/device

$ cat power_dpm_force_performance_level
auto

$ echo manual > power_dpm_force_performance_level

$ cat power_dpm_force_performance_level
manual

$ cat power_dpm_state
balanced

$ echo performance > power_dpm_state

$ cat power_dpm_state
performance


My /boot is too small for upgrade: Increase /boot size? Temporarily empty /boot?

Try this:

OLDCONF=$(dpkg -l|grep "^rc"|awk '{print $2}')
CURKERNEL=$(uname -r|sed 's/-*[a-z]//g'|sed 's/-386//g')
LINUXPKG="linux-(image|headers|ubuntu-modules|restricted-modules)"
METALINUXPKG="linux-(image|headers|restricted-modules)-(generic|i386|server|common|rt|xen)"
OLDKERNELS=$(dpkg -l|awk '{print $2}'|grep -E $LINUXPKG |grep -vE $METALINUXPKG|grep -v $CURKERNEL)
sudo apt-get remove --purge $OLDCONF
sudo apt-get remove --purge $OLDKERNELS


Ubuntu get stuck on Restart or any other event, Force switch off leads to a broken boot loader

I have had the same problem with different HW (acer travelmate 115). I was quite desperate and then found a discussion. The problem was with switching on (booting) and off. I had tried the different ubuntu versions. Finally, I just changed the method of booting in Bios and since then, it worked smoothly without any problem. The right booting method was UEFI (not Legacy).


Issue solved! I opened Synaptic hoping to get more information this way, marked all "upgradable" packages for upgrade and when I tried to apply this, Synaptic told me that besides installing all the new packages it needs to REMOVE linux-modules-nvidia-390-5.8.0-49-generic. It turned out I have two versions of this package installed: linux-modules-nvidia-390-5.8.0-49-generic and linux-modules-nvidia-390-5.8.0-50-generic (which was currently used). I don't know why version 49 did not get removed with all other files for version 49 that were removed during update. I removed the 49 version as Synaptic suggested, and when I re-launch the Software Updater, everything is correctly marked for update.


Cannot install skype after upgrading to Ubuntu 14.10

I experienced the same, and that's what helped me:

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ondrej-php5-trusty.list

Than remove the hashes (#) re-enable that PPA which were disabled by updating system

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install skype


WiFi often disconnects using RTL8192CU on Ubuntu 17.10

The problem was fixed using the instructions from here:
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential dkms git
git clone https://github.com/pvaret/rtl8192cu-fixes.git
sudo dkms add ./rtl8192cu-fixes
sudo dkms install 8192cu/1.10
sudo depmod -a
sudo cp ./rtl8192cu-fixes/blacklist-native-rtl8192.conf /etc/modprobe.d/
sudo cp ./rtl8192cu-fixes/8192cu-disable-power-management.conf /etc/modprobe.d/
reboot

I hope that it's not just a coincidence, but it worked for the last 1 hour.
Until now, I ignored the posts that included this GitHub URL: https://github.com/pvaret/rtl8192cu-fixes because of the README.md file that specified the following:

!! This driver is DEPRECATED !!

The new rtl8xxxu driver initially introduced in kernel 4.4 works pretty well these days, and you almost certainly should prefer it to this repository.

If rtl8xxxu gives you problems, try troubleshooting it before installing this driver. Known things to look for are:

Some devices require that power management be disabled in NetworkManager. Follow the instructions further down to disable power management in NetworkManager.
Make sure to blacklist the older rtl8192cu driver, which tends to be loaded by default otherwise.


VPNC not working with mobile stick only in 14.04

For some reason, changing the NAT mode used to 'force-natt' allows the connection to proceed normally. I changed the relevant line in the config file:

NAT Traversal Mode force-natt

Why this does work, however, I do not know. Therefore, I do not consider this to be the complete answer.


I would post this as a "comment", but I can't because of the forum rules.

I think it has to do with Ubuntu's security system. When you disable the keyring password, it's not that you disable passwords. You just disable the built-in password manager. You will be prompted for passwords every time you come to a closed area. In my opinion it's not usefull to do this.

Try if you still will be prompted at the beginning, if you enable your keyring password again. I think you won't be asked two times.


How to get the new kernel when upgrading from 14.04.2 to 14.04.3

Run in terminal

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-vivid

and reboot.

You can also upgrade the graphical stack by running

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-vivid xserver-xorg-lts-vivid libqt5gui5 libgles1-mesa-lts-vivid libgles2-mesa-lts-vivid libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-vivid libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-vivid:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-vivid:i386 libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-vivid

You can read more in Wiki.

But the upgrade command there is not 100% correct. It may remove some useful packages.


How can I rename image file based on colors in the image?

To get the amount of pixels for red would be:

convert image -fill black +opaque "rgb(255,0,0)" -fill white -opaque "rgb(255,0,0)" -format "%[fx:w*h*mean]" info:

0,255,0 for green and 0,0,255 for blue
But 255,1,0 is basically also a red.

The remainder of this would be to create a python/bash script to loop over your images, loop over the convert for your colors and maybe shades and then copy or rename the file.


Error during boot.:encrypted source does not exist

The result message is basically "something went wrong you should check out these possible investigation options".  Really the problem is that nvme0n1p3_crypt does not exist, or really it was never loaded. (You can see this from the cryptroot executable

This configuration can be seen by: cat /etc/crypttab.
Just to corroborate what is happening by: ls /dev/

The problem is that your NVMe drive was never loaded. The problem is usually the bios configuration which attempts to allow RAID drive configurations to load. Turn off RAID drive and switch to AHCI.

BIOS versus UEFI
aoe
Capture your boot configuration
ArchLinux suggestion to turn off
What UEFI really is and how to dual boot install with it
Dual boot configuration


Try running this command "sudo service network-manager start" . This solved the problem for me.

The error message which is troubling you:

Command to start network manager:

And it works finally

Hope this helps.


Ubuntu and Windows 10 dual boot installation only shows Ubuntu

This just happened to my with linux mint, I fixed it with boot repair.
to install it open the terminal and paste this

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

click in the recommended repair, and that should fix your problem.


Activating conda environment in "startup applications" script

I would comment but I don't have enough reputation so instead I am writing my guess here as an answer.

conda init added the following lines to the very end of my .bashrc

# >>> conda init >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$(CONDA_REPORT_ERRORS=false '/home/<user>/anaconda3/bin/conda' shell.bash hook 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    eval "$__conda_setup"
else
    if [ -f "/home/<user>/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
        . "/home/<user>/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
        CONDA_CHANGEPS1=false conda activate base
    else
        export PATH="/home/<user>/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
    fi
fi
unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda init <<<

I am not sure what exactly it does but one way or another it seems to add conda to the path. (Also it properly configures your shell to use conda activate, apparently)

If your script gets run before conda gets "initialized" by those lines, perhaps your bash does not know what conda is at that time. So complains conda: command not found

You could try running these lines before your script and see if it works.


16.04 Function key Brightnesson ASUS X550J

Run in a terminal

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub

And change the line

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi=!"

Save the file, run

sudo update-grub

and reboot.

This will enable the Fn+F5 and F6 keys and also lid close/open events.

You may also need to redirect to intel_backlight in X11 settings.

It can be done by adding /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf with this content:

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "card0"
    Driver      "intel"
    Option      "Backlight"  "intel_backlight"
    BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection


Terrible sound on Ubuntu 18.04 with Dell XPS 15 7590

I partially "fixed" it with PulseEffects and it does sound much better.

This is my current setup:

{"spectrum": {"show": "true","n-points": "100","height": "100","use-custom-color": "false","fill": "true","show-bar-border": "true","scale": "1","exponent": "1","sampling-freq": "10","line-width": "2","type": "Bars","color": ["1","1","1","1"],"gradient-color": ["0","0","0","1"]},"output": {"blacklist": "","plugins_order": ["limiter","filter","bass_enhancer","multiband_compressor","stereo_tools","autogain","crystalizer","equalizer","gate","multiband_gate","compressor","convolver","exciter","reverb","delay","deesser","crossfeed","loudness","maximizer","pitch"],"bass_enhancer": {"state": "true","input-gain": "0","output-gain": "0","amount": "14","harmonics": "9.2999999999999972","scope": "200","floor": "10","blend": "0","floor-active": "false","listen": "false"},"compressor": {"state": "false","input-gain": "0","output-gain": "0","mode": "Downward","attack": "20","release": "100","threshold": "-12","ratio": "4","knee": "-6","makeup": "0","sidechain": {"listen": "false","type": "Feed-forward","mode": "RMS","source": "Middle","preamp": "0","reactivity": "10","lookahead": "0"}},"crossfeed": {"state": "false","fcut": "700","feed": "4.5"},"deesser": {"state": "false","detection": "RMS","mode": "Wide","threshold": "-18","ratio": "3","laxity": "15","makeup": "0","f1-freq": "6000","f2-freq": "4500","f1-level": "0","f2-level": "12","f2-q": "1","sc-listen": "false"},"equalizer": {"state": "false","mode": "IIR","num-bands": "30","input-gain": "0","output-gain": "0","split-channels": "false","left": {"band0": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "22.59","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band1": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "28.440000000000001","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band2": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "35.799999999999997","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band3": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "1.3999999999999999","frequency": "45.07","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band4": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0.29999999999999999","frequency": "56.740000000000002","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band5": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "71.430000000000007","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band6": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "89.930000000000007","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band7": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "113.20999999999999","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band8": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "142.53","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band9": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "179.43000000000001","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band10": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "225.88999999999999","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band11": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "284.38","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band12": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "358.01999999999998","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band13": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "450.72000000000003","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band14": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "567.41999999999996","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band15": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "714.34000000000003","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band16": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "899.28999999999996","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band17": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "1132.1500000000001","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band18": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "1425.29","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band19": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "1794.3299999999999","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band20": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "2258.9299999999998","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band21": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "2843.8200000000002","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band22": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "3580.1599999999999","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band23": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0.40000000000000002","frequency": "4507.1499999999996","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band24": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0.69999999999999996","frequency": "5674.1599999999999","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band25": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "1.8","frequency": "7143.3500000000004","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band26": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "3.2000000000000002","frequency": "8992.9400000000005","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band27": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "11321.450000000001","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band28": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "14252.860000000001","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band29": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "17943.279999999999","q": "4.3600000000000003"}},"right": {"band0": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "22.59","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band1": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "28.440000000000001","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band2": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "35.799999999999997","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band3": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "1.3999999999999999","frequency": "45.07","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band4": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0.29999999999999999","frequency": "56.740000000000002","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band5": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "71.430000000000007","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band6": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "89.930000000000007","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band7": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "113.20999999999999","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band8": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "142.53","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band9": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "179.43000000000001","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band10": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "225.88999999999999","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band11": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "284.38","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band12": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "358.01999999999998","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band13": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "450.72000000000003","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band14": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "567.41999999999996","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band15": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "714.34000000000003","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band16": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "899.28999999999996","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band17": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "1132.1500000000001","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band18": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "1425.29","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band19": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "1794.3299999999999","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band20": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "2258.9299999999998","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band21": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "2843.8200000000002","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band22": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "3580.1599999999999","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band23": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0.40000000000000002","frequency": "4507.1499999999996","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band24": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0.69999999999999996","frequency": "5674.1599999999999","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band25": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "1.8","frequency": "7143.3500000000004","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band26": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "3.2000000000000002","frequency": "8992.9400000000005","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band27": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "11321.450000000001","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band28": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "14252.860000000001","q": "4.3600000000000003"},"band29": {"type": "Bell","mode": "RLC (BT)","slope": "x1","solo": "false","mute": "false","gain": "0","frequency": "17943.279999999999","q": "4.3600000000000003"}}},"exciter": {"state": "false","input-gain": "0","output-gain": "0","amount": "0","harmonics": "8.5","scope": "7500","ceil": "16000","blend": "0","ceil-active": "false","listen": "false"},"filter": {"state": "true","input-gain": "0","output-gain": "0","frequency": "120","resonance": "-3","mode": "36dB\/oct Highpass","inertia": "20"},"gate": {"state": "false","detection": "RMS","stereo-link": "Average","range": "-24","attack": "20","release": "250","threshold": "-18","ratio": "2","knee": "9","makeup": "0"},"limiter": {"state": "true","input-gain": "0","limit": "0","lookahead": "2.0000000000000018","release": "8","asc": "false","asc-level": "0.5","oversampling": "4"},"maximizer": {"state": "false","release": "25","ceiling": "0","threshold": "0"},"pitch": {"state": "false","input-gain": "0","output-gain": "0","cents": "0","semitones": "0","octaves": "0","crispness": "3","formant-preserving": "false","faster": "false"},"reverb": {"state": "false","input-gain": "0","output-gain": "0","room-size": "Large","decay-time": "1.5","hf-damp": "5000","diffusion": "0.5","amount": "-12","dry": "0","predelay": "0","bass-cut": "300","treble-cut": "5000"},"multiband_compressor": {"state": "true","input-gain": "-5","output-gain": "0","freq0": "150","freq1": "1250","freq2": "5000","mode": "LR8","subband": {"threshold": "-16","ratio": "5.0000000000000018","attack": "150","release": "300","makeup": "5","knee": "12","detection": "RMS","bypass": "false","solo": "false"},"lowband": {"threshold": "-16","ratio": "5.0000000000000018","attack": "150","release": "300","makeup": "4","knee": "12","detection": "RMS","bypass": "false","solo": "false"},"midband": {"threshold": "-24","ratio": "3.0000000000000022","attack": "125","release": "175","makeup": "4","knee": "9","detection": "RMS","bypass": "false","solo": "false"},"highband": {"threshold": "-24","ratio": "4.0000000000000018","attack": "80","release": "120","makeup": "5","knee": "9","detection": "RMS","bypass": "false","solo": "false"}},"loudness": {"state": "false","loudness": "-3.0900000000000003","output": "-6","link": "-9.0999999999999996"},"multiband_gate": {"state": "false","input-gain": "0","output-gain": "0","freq0": "120","freq1": "1000","freq2": "6000","mode": "LR8","subband": {"reduction": "-24","threshold": "-12","ratio": "2","attack": "150","release": "300","makeup": "0","knee": "9","detection": "RMS","bypass": "false","solo": "false"},"lowband": {"reduction": "-24","threshold": "-12","ratio": "2","attack": "150","release": "300","makeup": "0","knee": "9","detection": "RMS","bypass": "false","solo": "false"},"midband": {"reduction": "-24","threshold": "-12","ratio": "2","attack": "150","release": "300","makeup": "0","knee": "9","detection": "RMS","bypass": "false","solo": "false"},"highband": {"reduction": "-24","threshold": "-12","ratio": "2","attack": "150","release": "300","makeup": "0","knee": "9","detection": "RMS","bypass": "false","solo": "false"}},"stereo_tools": {"state": "true","input-gain": "-1","output-gain": "0","balance-in": "0","balance-out": "0","softclip": "false","mutel": "false","muter": "false","phasel": "false","phaser": "false","mode": "LR > LR (Stereo Default)","side-level": "0","side-balance": "0","middle-level": "0","middle-panorama": "0","stereo-base": "0.23000000000000004","delay": "0","sc-level": "1","stereo-phase": "0"},"convolver": {"state": "false","input-gain": "0","output-gain": "0","kernel-path": "","ir-width": "100"},"crystalizer": {"state": "false","aggressive": "true","input-gain": "3","output-gain": "0","band0": {"intensity": "12","mute": "false","bypass": "false"},"band1": {"intensity": "10","mute": "false","bypass": "false"},"band2": {"intensity": "8","mute": "false","bypass": "false"},"band3": {"intensity": "6","mute": "false","bypass": "false"},"band4": {"intensity": "4","mute": "false","bypass": "false"},"band5": {"intensity": "2","mute": "false","bypass": "false"},"band6": {"intensity": "0","mute": "false","bypass": "false"},"band7": {"intensity": "0","mute": "false","bypass": "false"},"band8": {"intensity": "-2","mute": "false","bypass": "false"},"band9": {"intensity": "-6","mute": "false","bypass": "false"},"band10": {"intensity": "-8","mute": "false","bypass": "false"},"band11": {"intensity": "-10","mute": "false","bypass": "false"},"band12": {"intensity": "-13","mute": "false","bypass": "false"}},"autogain": {"state": "false","detect-silence": "false","use-geometric-mean": "true","input-gain": "0","output-gain": "0","target": "-14","weight-m": "1","weight-s": "1","weight-i": "1"},"delay": {"state": "false","input-gain": "0","output-gain": "0","time-l": "0","time-r": "0"}}}

I did not use Equalizer at the end at all. I altered: Limiter, Filter Bass Enhancer, Multiband Compressor and Stereo Tools. It is based on help's guide (Enhancing your internal notebook speakers without using an equalizer).


How to specify root for installing Ubuntu

You need to specify which partition will be root (represented with an slash /) in the partitioning screen. If you don't know how to do this go back twice, and select the automatic installation (the one that doesn't say "Something else...).

To specify the root partition you have to be in the partitioning screen, select the partition where you will install Ubuntu, and then click "Change...". You will be presented with the following:

Here, in mount point you should select /, click ok, check again everything, and then continue.


How can I set the background color of gnome-terminal using gconftool-2?

Apparently gconftool-2 does not work anymore, however dconf did work for me. Close gnome-terminal and run this in xterm or another terminal emulator, or even tty.

Step 1: find the id of your desired profile

dconf dump /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/ | awk '/\[:/||/visible-name=/'

My output:

[:732eb8b6-054a-446e-b89b-707f3331b62a]
visible-name='G-O'
[:b1dcc9dd-5262-4d8d-a863-c897e6d979b9]
visible-name='BLACK-GRAY'
[:950cf000-d979-4981-bbdd-65441138c782]
visible-name='B-W'
[:6390ed2d-5768-4650-b4c8-dc1ef4f5da1a]
visible-name='IBM'
[:868caf45-6db6-4427-81f0-d6fa28ef1c3e]
visible-name='gray-green'
[:1960ff5e-ffe6-48c3-8f7c-b771245d62ae]
visible-name='cathode'
[:9176f39d-9b41-4e64-87d9-ea388e3b873d]
visible-name='B-O'
[:98707df3-b227-4a01-ae76-310f8270b9bd]
visible-name='Default'
[:4038ffeb-a484-4c39-aead-9c45f4032f27]
visible-name='PRINT'
[:67607036-706f-4872-bd7d-a3eabf321460]
visible-name='B-G'

So my Default profile has id :98707df3-b227-4a01-ae76-310f8270b9bd

Step 2: allow for using custom colors instead of system colors

sudo dconf write /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/:98707df3-b227-4a01-ae76-310f8270b9bd/use-theme-colors "false"

Step 3: set your desired background color

sudo dconf write /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/:98707df3-b227-4a01-ae76-310f8270b9bd/background-color "'#ABAB9B9B6060'"

Step 4: (re)start gnome-terminal.


Unable to apt install armhf packages with unmet dependencies

I think your software needs an update.

first, run the below commands to upgrade the Ubuntu system.

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

Problem still?

you need to install the latest version of Ubuntu 20.04 LTS


The computer:/// scheme is provided by GVfs:

  List of drives, volumes and mounts

That's all it really means. It's one of the schemes understood by the file manager. The Ubuntu's file manager Nautilus is built using Gtk,Gio, and GVfs libraries, hence why such uri scheme is available. Others, such as PCManFM also support it. In general, this is known as Uniform Resource Identifier which originally was meant for web technologies. Interestingly enough, some of the ideas are used on desktop as well. URI is one example, while GSettings use fully qualified domain name scheme, similar to how DNS would resolve a website.

Note, however, that the original GVfs link suggests computer:/// uri may be deprecated eventually. And exactly because Nautilus uses Gio/GVfs, this syntax is understood. If a file manager or another application are built with Qt for example, there's no guarantee it will be understood there.

  How to go with the command line to a file at location computer:///

You can't, unless you write a command-line application that uses Gio/GVfs and recognizes computer:/// uri scheme. It's a virtual location, and doesn't have a real directory associated with it, so we can't simply cd into it in shell. Since the description states that it's basically a list of drives, volumes, and mountpoints it is sufficient to use lsblk command to get a listing of block devices and associated mountpoints

$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0    28G  0 disk
└─sda1   8:1    0    28G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0 111.8G  0 disk
└─sdb1   8:17   0 111.8G  0 part /mnt/ubuntu

List of drives ? Use udisksctl status

$ udisksctl status
MODEL                     REVISION  SERIAL               DEVICE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHN 25SATA01M 030         P0527A    30CG09180078         sda
Radeon R7                 1.01      A22MD061520000172    sdb

If you need a very lengthy and detailed listing, there's also udisksctl dump


Already you have opened more number of TABS in firefox browser. As I can the bar rolling over top of the dropbox tab , its not browser issue. close few tabs and then try again. These days Firefox easily taking 200 MB of RAM and as I can see you have already opened > 10 TABS. perhaps that is the reason.

Close few tabs in your browser and then try again.


Is it possible to suspend / stop updating Conky when Desktop is not in focus / is not visible?

I don't think so, which is why it is important to choose wisely to not run heavy commands using ${exec} but optimise with {execi 99} where 99 says how many seconds to wait before re-running the command.

Use top to see how much cpu conky is using before worrying too much.

You can always suspend conky (like any process) with the signal kill -stop, and kill -cont to continue it, usually with no bad side-effects (except for graphs showing throughput perhaps). You can also nice it to make it low priority. But determining whether the whole desktop is obscured is tricky, especially these days with compositing window managers, or Wayland.


Details showing unknown driver for graphic

glxinfo is not installed on the system. It seems to be a bug

you need to install the package: mesa-utils

This package provides several basic GL utilities built by Mesa, including glxinfo and glxgears.

sudo apt-get install mesa-utils

source


How to remove a menu entry that has no executable

The solution to this was to recreate the exact path structure and names that the missing menu entry was complaining about and from there it is possible to manually delete it with menulibre.


How to create a server system on ubuntu-16.04?

All versions of Ubuntu and Ubuntu Server as well as all flavors of Linux is the type of system you described.

The main difference between Ubuntu Desktop and Ubuntu Server is that the server version installs a striped down version allowing the Administrator to pick out many packages that he prefers to install, such as the GUI desktop.

The users on the system will have access to the applications that you install system-wide.  Applications installed from the repository using the Software Center or apt are installed system-wide.

If you install an application outside of a deb distribution, it would depend on how you install it.  If you compile a program, under normal circumstances the program is compiled (and should be for security) in the user's personal space, by a normal account without elevated access.

When it's time to install the complied package, many distributors of the packages will include a make install option, that when run using the elevated sudo command, will install the package system-wide.  If it doesn't place the package system wide, it's something you would have to do manually.

You mentioned one program, numpy.  However, it would depend on the one program how you installed it.  If you would be specific for a program you are having problems, you would have to include the steps you used for installing that program, so that you can have suggestions of how to make that particular program system wide.  Once you do this for one or two programs, you can use the same method to do this for all your programs.

It might not be the one you are looking for, but python-numpy is available via the repository.  If you install it with this command:

 $ sudo apt install python-numpy

It'll be available system wide.

As far as users and permission and access to programs, creating a user by default will give the users that type of access and permission that you describe in your question.

All the users have access to programs that are in the same folders that you have access to by default.  Use this command to see which paths are searched:

$ echo $PATH

You may consider placing your programs in a subdirectory of /opt.  Then place a link to that program's execute file in a default path such as usr/local/bin.

If you have a program called saytime.sh, you can place it into /opt/timeprogram/saytime.sh.

Then place a link to that program in /usr/local/bin using this command:

$ ln -s /opt/timeprogram/saytime.sh

Now the program can be run from the commandline without having to navigate to the location of the program, and not having to type a full path to the program.

For creating an Ubuntu Server, just download the server version the same way you downloaded the Desktop version.  Install it the same way.  But as I mentioned above, the behavior of both are the same when it comes to the criteria of your question.


How to check UFW status without sudo (or being root)?

Here's an /etc/sudoers.d/ file that works for me:

$ sudo cat /etc/sudoers.d/ufwstatus
Cmnd_Alias      UFWSTATUS = /usr/sbin/ufw status

%ufwstatus      ALL=NOPASSWD: UFWSTATUS

Then add the new "ufwstatus" group (here added as a system group):

sudo groupadd -r ufwstatus

Your otherwise non-privileged user must be added to the ufwstatus group e.g.

sudo gpasswd --add testuser ufwstatus

In order for the change to take effect, the user needs to log in again:

su - testuser

Then

testuser@xenial-vm:~$ sudo ufw status
Status: active

To                         Action      From
--                         ------      ----
22/tcp                     ALLOW       192.168.1.0/24
3389/tcp                   ALLOW       192.168.1.0/24
111                        ALLOW       192.168.1.0/24
2049                       ALLOW       192.168.1.0/24

but other ufw commands are disallowed (even slight variants, such as status --verbose):

testuser@xenial-vm:~$ sudo ufw status --verbose
Sorry, user testuser is not allowed to execute '/usr/sbin/ufw status --verbose' as root on xenial-vm.

testuser@xenial-vm:~$ sudo ufw disable
Sorry, user testuser is not allowed to execute '/usr/sbin/ufw disable' as root on xenial-vm.


Trusty Wallpapers XML and images in right place

Well, first you need to make a backup file with the /usr/share/gnome-background-properties/trusty-wallpapers.xml made, it will open this file with gedit with root permissions, and will do the following modifications.

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<! DOCTYPE wallpapers SYSTEM "gnome-wp-list.dtd">
<Wallpapers>
  <wallpaper>
    <name> My 1st Wallpapers </ name>
    <filename> .local / share / backgrounds / wallpaper1 / My1stSlideshow.xml </ filename>
    <options> zoom </ options>
    <pcolor> # 000000 </ pcolor>
    <scolor> # 000000 </ scolor>
    <shade_type> Solid </ shade_type>
  </ wallpaper>
</ wallpapers>

This is an example of Gnome, the necessary changes will be the name of the desired wallpaper, its logical address (filename), in the only repeat this pattern.
For example insert a photo name "Eclipse" which is in /usr/share/background/Eclipse.jpg will be as follows:

<wallpaper>
    <name> Eclipse </ name>
    <filename>/usr/share/background/Eclipse.jpg </ filename>
    <options>zoom</ options>
    <pcolor>#000000</ pcolor>
    <scolor> # 000000 </ scolor>
    <shade_type> Solid </ shade_type>
  </ wallpaper>

What is above and below should remain as it is (including spaces (indentation)).
Obs .: If when you open the "appearence" appears duplicate wallpapers, do not worry, see if there is duplicate scripts, using "ls -a / usr / share / gnome-background-properties /" appear some script as trusty-wallpapers .xml ~ delete it, and restart the appearence, then you can enjoy your wallpaper, attention also in the resolution of your wallpaper


sorry, this is caused by the nvidia-4XX drivers, the issue is tracked at:

https://github.com/ogra1/zoom-snap/issues/2

EDIT: though your error looks slightly different, could you post the teminal log as described in the other issue to a pastebin (or open a new issue on github), so i can inspect it a bit deeper ?


How do I install a kernel module in an LXC guest machine?

Short answer is, you can't. LXC containers share their kernel with the host's and by default aren't allowed to load modules (as this would be pretty dangerous).

The standard recommendation is to have any module loaded on the host prior to starting the container. You can either do that with a good old init script or by using an lxc hook (see my recent post here for details: https://www.stgraber.org/2013/12/23/lxc-1-0-some-more-advanced-container-usage/)


Can you create an bootable Ubuntu portable USB drive for a Windows PC using a Chromebook?

EtchDroid to create Ubuntu Live USB using Chromebook

Downloaded and installed EtchDroid from the Google Play Store.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=eu.depau.etchdroid&hl=en

Connected USB flash drive.

Started EtchDroid and selected "Write raw Image or ISO.

Selected the Ubuntu ISO file

Selected the target USB from upper right on the screen:
.

And clicked the write icon on the lower right.

There is no progress meter, at first I thought nothing had happened but when I returned later I found that the USB was ready for a Live boot or Install.
There are similar apps that flash image files to USB using Windows including Etcher and Win32DiskImager, and from Ubuntu including Etcher, Startup Disk Creator and Gnome-Disks.
My only complaint is that this app will not write to an internal SD card, but I understand that this is a safety feature.


This may occur due of the different cluster size:

  On a disk that uses 512-byte sectors, a 512-byte cluster contains one sector, whereas a 4-kibibyte (KiB) cluster contains eight sectors.

  A cluster is the smallest logical amount of disk space that can be
  allocated to hold a file. Storing small files on a filesystem with
  large clusters will therefore waste disk space; such wasted disk space
  is called slack space. For cluster sizes which are small versus the
  average file size, the wasted space per file will be statistically
  about half of the cluster size; for large cluster sizes, the wasted
  space will become greater. However, a larger cluster size reduces
  bookkeeping overhead and fragmentation, which may improve reading and
  writing speed overall. Typical cluster sizes range from 1 sector (512
  B) to 128 sectors (64 KiB).

Also, this Q&A will make you to understand better, probably.


Extend LVM Volume - How to use parted to extend physical volume?

It may be a little late but I want to explain as a RedHat user.
You should create a physical volume with the pvcreatecommand, in your case

    $ pvcreate /dev/sda7

and then extend your volume group to have free space with vgextend VolumeGroupName /created/part and vgdisplay VolumeGroupName to check free space

    $ vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sda7
    $ vgdisplay VolGroup00

and then you can extend your lvm partition(/dev/sda6).

Physical volumes are combined into volume groups and volume groups are divided up into logical volumes.
To extend logical volume you need to have free space in your volume group. To have free space in your volume group you need a free partition which is a physical partition to extend your volume group.

Logical Volume operations are nearly same for lots of distributions.


Audacious under Xenial Xerus comes equipped with the AMIDI-Plug (Midi Player) plugin but what is missing by default is:

An appropriate Sound Font
The appropriate setup from within Audacious to use this Sound Font

To get a decent Sound Font run the following command from a Terminal window:
sudo apt-get install fluid-soundfont-gm fluid-soundfont-gs

This places a sound font in /usr/share/sounds/sf2/FluidR3_GM.sf2 and this can be sourced from within the Audacious preferences as this screenshot shows:

And now the test midi file from Wikipedia will play back in all the glory of that uniquely midi sound:

References:

Audacious: How-to: MIDI playback


Try the following:

sudo apt-get clean # clean cache
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install -f # resume apt-get with fix broken flag
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade # pull new dependencies


I think this may be a known bug.

The bug is https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/779586

The original reporter of the issue is running a Dell Inc. Latitude E6400, which is the same machine type and demonstrating the same situation you have described here.

Half an hour ago there was a new comment asking if there is any more information and if this is still a problem.

If you think it is the same issue you should help with this bug ticket It is quite old ( posted June 2011 ) and has had no updates since then so it will likely be closed if no new information is added.


printer sharing stop working after I transfer from cable ethernet to wifi wireless

In Windows, go to your Printer Properties by right-clicking your printer, then go to the Advanced Tab.  In there you should see the driver.  Click on Change driver and choose the Microsoft IPP driver.  Apply the changes.

Hope this helps!


Network faulty at startup Ubuntu 18.04.3 updated 'till today

I found the reason why: a Bug in LivePatch !!!

I turned it off and logout of it / reboot and all is fine .

So I will wait for updates or so ..

Thank you for reading.


How can I install protoc on Ubuntu 16.04?

See https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/src/README.md:
Prerequesites
$ sudo apt-get install autoconf automake libtool curl make g++ unzip

Installation

From this page, download the protobuf-all-[VERSION].tar.gz.
Extract the contents and change in the directory
./configure
make
make check
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig # refresh shared library cache.

Check if it works
$ protoc --version
libprotoc 3.6.1


Maybe too late but I've been struggling with this and the solution is a piece of cake. Hope it can help somebody out
Just edit your /etc/network/interfaces and add this after you interface settings:
#MacVLAN
# Create new macvlan interface on the host
up ip link add mynet-shim link eno1 type macvlan  mode bridge
# Add the host address and bring up the interface
up ip addr add 192.168.88.10/24 dev mynet-shim
up ip link set mynet-shim up
# Tell our host to use that interface to communicate with containers
up ip route add 192.168.88.5 dev mynet-shim


How to connect from Xubuntu 16.04 to remote Windows 10 with audio in/out

Windows preparations:

Enable RDP on Win10 (search for guides)
Enable re-direction of microphone for remote audio

For the latter step: Type "run" in windows search and run "gpedit.msc". Find "Allow audio recording redirection" and enable it. (This is a crucial step, otherwise you won't get your microphone working remotly).

On Xubuntu:

Install a recent build of xfreerdp (I'm using a nightly build installed as described in https://ci.freerdp.com/job/freerdp-nightly-binaries/ )
Start it from /opt/freerdp-nightly/bin/ like this

$ ./xfreerdp /d:<domain> /u:<user> /size:1920x1135 /sec:rdp /sound:sys:pulse /microphone:sys:alsa /clipboard +fonts /v:<ip address to Win10 box>

That is it! I've added a launcher to the panel and with one click I have access to the remote desktop with audio in and out (after starting VPN of course). Very nice work flow, better then using Windows in VMs etc.

My main problem was with the microphone when trying to use a /microphone:sys:pulse setting, the sound was all garbled, but with the alsa setting it works very good. I would think that the outcome may depend on the HW, especially microphone, you're using so please add your experiences.


32 bits iso image for Ubuntu 16.04 can be found on this page (I searched "ubuntu 16.04 32 bit download" in google) http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04/ somewhere near the middle of the page.

Direct link here: http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04/ubuntu-16.04.4-desktop-i386.iso


DisplayLink USB 3.0 Not working on Ubuntu 14.04LTS

Update August 2015

3 years after releasing the chipset, Displaylink has released beta versions of a driver to support the DL3XXX chip generation under Ubuntu 14.04. I leave the following content as original reply to the questions.

Please see:

DisplayLink Ubuntu Driver Download and
How to install DisplayLink software on Ubuntu on the DisplayLink website

Old information below

The USB3.0 Displaylink devices do NOT  support Linux

In particular, this includes the Displaylink DL3XXX-generation and newer.

Displaylink has no intention to make a driver in foreseeable future. See this thread.

Wim of Displaylink wrote on 08-17-2012:

  We don't have any ETAs at the moment, and still looking at the best path to do this. One issue is that the DL-3000 supports content protection and we need to ensure this remains secure under an open source environment.

This was also discussed in this answer.
More related questions here: this

EDIT: July 2015

It seems that USB3.0 support for Linux might come in Q3 2015, as announced here
(Thanks NecLimDul)


Looks like it is partition 7, as it's just before swap partition (classical Ubuntu installation), and seems to be the only one in ext4 type.
To be sure, open a terminal, as 'root' and type :
- fdisk -l : to get all partition tables
- mount : to see where your Ubuntu master partition (called "/") is mounted.


Wireless suddenly dropping with a Ralink RT2870

My experience is that the official rt2870usb kernel driver is not reliable.

I just downloaded the 2.5.0.3 driver from ralink and compiled it. That works flawlessly.


What are you trying to do? If you are trying to make a bootable usb drive, then do:

Insert a USB stick with at least 2GB of free space
Open the dash and search for Startup Disk Creator
Select the Startup Disk Creator to launch the app

Find the Startup Disk Creator
Click 'Other' to choose the downloaded ISO file if it isn’t found automatically, select the file and click 'Open'

Select the ISO
Select the USB stick in the bottom box and click 'Make Startup Disk' and then 'Yes'

Confirm USB stick
That's it! When the process completes, you'll be ready to restart your computer and begin installing Ubuntu

Writing the ISO to disk


Need help installing Ubuntu from CD with no OS on the hard drive

Some burner software will burn ISO images as a file inside a file system.  This will cause the kind of failure you are seeing.

If you open the DVD on the system you burned it on you should see a number of directories with names like boot, preseed, and install.  This would indicate that the ISO file was burned correctly.

If you see one file with the name of the ISO image you downloaded, then the burner software burned the image incorrectly.

I usually use a USB key to boot my install systems.  There are a variety of tools which will take an ISO image and make a bootable USB image.  This works the same as if you had booted from a DVD.


How do I change the user Transmission runs under?

Since all of the other answers are for Ubuntu pre-systemd, here's an updated guide for Ubuntu 16.04 (from sensecodons.com).  Essentially, create a supplementary unit for "transmission-daemon.service" to change the User=... setting and then update that user's "~/.config/transmission-daemon/settings.json" file.

  Stop transmission (if it's already running).

sudo systemctl stop transmission-daemon

  Create the supplement file directory for transmission:

sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/transmission-daemon.service.d

  Create a new supplement file called "run-as-user.conf".

sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/transmission-daemon.service.d/run-as-user.conf

  and put the following text in it.

[Service]
User=codon

  Obviously, use your desired username and not "codon".

  Tell systemd to reload its units.

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Next, you'll want to start and then stop transmission to make it create the ~/.config/transmission-daemon/ directory for your new user.

  Start transmission and then stop transmission.

sudo systemctl start transmission-daemon; sudo systemctl stop transmission-daemon

  You should now have the following directory in your user's home directory:
  .config/transmission-daemon/

From here, you should be able to update ~/.config/transmission-daemon/settings.json normally.

When you're done, start transmission.

sudo systemctl start transmission-daemon


Seems like your swap partition is wrongly or not formatted. (Or got damaged somehow)

Reformat sda5 as SWAP (using GParted, parted or fdisk) and make sure the UUID in fstab matches the one from sudo blkid.

Then run sudo swapon /dev/sda5 to enable swapping to this partition, if you don't want to reboot.


"Operation system not found" when installing 13.04

You need to set your SATA mode to AHCI instead of RAID in you BIOS. Also make sure you remove the RAID meta-data:

sudo dmraid -E -r /dev/sda
sudo dmraid -E -r /dev/sdb

Now reinstall Ubuntu, and you should be fine.

Keep in mind that any other operating system won't work anymore after this.

Related: Installing Ubuntu 13.04 on a MSATA SSD


Unabled to install (unknown chipset) Ubuntu since I changed from a GTX 570 to a GTX 970

I've been trying to find a solution to this problem for a while now. I tried various kernel and driver combos but nothing seemed to work.

Now it seems like the latest kernel (3.13.0-49) and xorg.edgers nVidia driver (nvidia-349) updates have fixed the "unknown chipset" problem. To get those updates you'll either have to use onboard graphics if your CPU/motherboard has onboard or drop back to the old GPU temporarily.


Try the following command to force a system shutdown:

sudo shutdown -h now

This problem that you are experiencing might be a bug. You could report it here: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity. You will need to create an Ubunut One account for this. The will most likely ask you to run a few commands to get sufficient debugging information.


What ports do Firefox and Thunderbird use?

*NIX is relatively impervious to port exploits so a firewall is less needed in a Linux environment compared to others like Microsoft.  Still, having a well locked down firewall is not a bad thing.

You should consult the appropriate documentation when making adjustments to your firewall.  There are ports that need to be open in order for Ubuntu to communicate with the world, such as allowing DNS traffic.

Specific to your question:
http runs on port 80.  https uses port 443
For e-mail, it depends on how your ISP is set up.  Normal smtp runs on port 25.  pop runs on port 110.
Secure e-mail (pops) is on port 995.  Secure sending (STARTTLS) uses port 587.  SSL uses port 465.

You may also want to open up port 22 for SFTP and SSH.

Depending on how you are connected to the Internet, there may already be a firewall in place, i.e. your router.  In which case an on-the-box firewall would be mostly redundant.


How to prevent release DHCP IP on reboot?

This would break whole DHCP purpose. What you are asking for is a static IP. Easiest is to set fixed DHCP record for your MAC on DHCP server.


Please right click any open space on the LXPanel.  Choose Add/Remove Panel Items.  You should find yourself under Panel Applets in Panel Preferences.  Choose Menu and then edit.  You should see

/usr/share/lubuntu/images/lubuntu-logo.png

That will get your Menu items.  It sounds like you have something else there.


How do I connect to an Energy Efficient Ethernet enabled switch?

Yes, Ubuntu is perfectly capable of that.

However, this depends on the driver (kernel module) and hardware support for your network interface card. It seems that you're looking at a ...

JMicron hardware bug

According to the FreeBSD documentation of the JMicron ethernet driver:

  If the full mask revision number of JMC25x controller is less than or equal to 4 and link partner enabled IEEE 802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet feature, the controller would not be able to establish a 1000baseT link. Also if the length of cable is longer than 120 meters, controller can not establish a 1000baseT link. The known workaround for the issue is to force manual link configuration with 100baseTX instead of relying on auto-negotiation.

Since you have rev 03, you're very much likely running into this issue. So I guess it's time to replace your network interface card or to live with 100Mbit. :)

In case this is a new machine (notebook?), I suggest to send it back to the shop for warranty and get the NIC replaced. Newer revisions of the hardware are fixed, apparently.


Gnome app indicator area shows "No Indicators"

This was solved by re-installing Unity.

Although I don't use Unity, I use Gnome-Classic, I guess there are packages necessary for the indicator applet that are somehow bound to the Unity set of packages.

Hopefully at some point This kind of thing will be unbound from Unity so that one doesn't need any Unity packages in order to run Gnome-Classic.


Lightweight 'screentime' app for Lubuntu 18.04

Check workflow. See this Askubuntu question for auto-starting applications on login.


1) Check if you use the sudo a  good way
for example :

sudo ls

2) check if you are in the sudo group

id | grep sudo

3) check the log file to have more info

tail /var/log/auth.log

4) to add the user in the sudo group

sudo adduser <username> sudo


Merging Extended partition with Unallocated Space: Error

You might have encountered the following bug:

Bug 686668 - Growing logical partition overlaps end of extended partition

This problem was fixed in GParted version 0.14.1.

To use the latest version of GParted (currently 0.16.1), you might try booting your computer from media containing GParted Live.


12.10 boots to desktop with icons, but no panels, no taskbar

I had this (wallpaper and icons but nothing else) on my mess-around-with-Linux-and-feel-total-hacker-laptop and tried the dconf reset but didn't have it and my netbook had no internet connection to install dconf.

So being a complete noob I skipped that and did the setsid unity anyway.

And it worked, started the UI nicely :)

No clue what happend, but even after few reboots I still get the proper UI and all, so call it fixed.


The short answer: maybe, depending on your BIOS and use-case

The long answer: The NVidia card doesn't expose its temperature sensor through hardware to the BIOS, therefore the BIOS is taking the safest bet and assumes it's working at 100% and thus cools at 100%.
It's only the driver that exposes the hardware sensor through software to the machine and therefore the fan comes back to a normal level...

The only way to get the noise down depends on your use case and your BIOS.  On my machine, I just disable the NVidia in the BIOS until I need it (to drive the HDMI port and to play games) so as the BIOS then knows that the card is not doing anything, the fan doesn't run at all and the noise is non-existent...  If you don't want to use my system, your hack is already the most elegant solution you're going to get!  ;-)


Well, the problem is with the protocols used by Google. As a workaround use Google's Hangouts, that will work all the time without problems. Download it from here: http://www.google.com/hangouts/


Software to record audio for a long time (days) in Ubuntu

A graphical frontend may survive for days on a stable machine but there are many reasons why it may stop working. To avoid such side effects let me suggest to use a more low level utility for recording.

If there was no need of audio compression we can record using the simple command line tool parec that comes with pulseaudio. We can adjust sample rate or channels, record RAW PCM data or choose from a variety of output containers. Recording is done to a file if specified.

parec --device=<source> <filename>

This will record from the specified source device using default settings which can be adapted (see manpage pacat) until it was stopped by keyboard interrupt, TERM or KILL signal, or by closing of the terminal.

Unfortunately instabilities of Pulseaudio, ALSA, or even the hardware may still occur if we are talking about days. But these will then have adverse effects on all other sound recording tools too.


Two-finger scroll plus one-finger touch brings up annoying menu

The expression you are looking for: multi-touch gesture.

Here you can see a list of these.

You can search for multi-touch gesture on askubuntu, others have similar problems, e.g. here.


Fill empty line in a column based on match between two other columns

Provided you can use the number of fields NF to determine if $6 is missing, you could do

awk 'NR==FNR {a[$1]=$2; next} NF<11 {$6 = a[$3] OFS $6} {print}' b.txt a.txt

If you want to prettify the output, pipe it through column -t:

$ awk 'NR==FNR {a[$1]=$2; next} NF<11 {$6 = a[$3] OFS $6} {print}' b.txt a.txt | column -t
SNP               CHR  POS    EFFECT_ALLELE  NON_EFFECT_ALLELE  EAF       BETA        SE         PVALUE    INFO      HWE
chr:1:10177:AC:A  1    10177  A              AC                 0.376827  -0.0447626  0.0316126  0.156783  0.422784  0.936182
chr:1:10352:TA:T  1    10352  T              TA                 0.43176   0.00727013  0.0309617  0.814356  0.427932  0.680802


how to upgrade only some package and its dependencies

Don't do it.
We specifically recommend against using wrong-version packages on your Ubuntu system.
We usually refer to a system with a mixture of different-release packages by unflattering names: "horribly broken", "unbootable", "Frankensystem", etc.
This is what apt was warning about when it said:

This can mean that an impossible situation was requested

It's simply not a use case that releases of Ubuntu are designed for. Nor are they tested for it.
You will be completely on your own. We won't provide support for a Frankensystem beyond advice to wipe it and install a clean version of Ubuntu.
Alternately, if you know how, you can uninstall ALL the wrong-version packages from the unwisely-added source. Some folks have the patience to do this, some don't.
Consider instead asking a new question about the blockers you are encountering on 18.04.


This is a known problem sometimes hitting some users on some machines.

If it is a permanent issue for you - there is an alternative to shutdown a PC.

When you want to shutdown your computer open a terminal and execute :

sudo poweroff

If it is a randomly appearing problem - there is a workaround available.

When the freezing issue occurs while trying to shutdown your computer :

Perform the Magic SysReq method by pressing

Alt + SysReq and while keeping it pressed -> R E I S U B.

Do this quite slowly - wait a second between each key stroke.

Your computer will restart - you can shut it down from login screen now.


I wouldn't install Ubuntu unity on it. I doubt it'll make you happy. If I were you, I'd install Lubuntu. It's a lightweight distro specially made for older computers.


Can I boot already installed Ubuntu in a Virtual Machine on Windows?

Do you want to run a copy / clone of A-Ubuntu inside a VM hosted by partB-Windows?
Or do you want to run the partA-Ubuntu from a VM hosted by partB-Windows?

Both are possible, first option is harder to maintain. Someone have documented all steps on this site.

The second option is really easy as Linux is friendly :
Dump partA to an image, convert it to a VM VirtualHD, use this VirtualHD with a VM on partB-Windows. you will have to reinstall Grub as it's probably not installed on partA but on mbr... That's as simple
More info if needed


How to report or block an inappropriate application in the Ubuntu Software Centre?

You can ask questions of the Ubuntu Software Center team here.

Per Section 6 of the USC Terms of Use:

  ...Canonical is not responsible for any app provided by any third
  party. Should you reasonably believe that any third-party app you
  access through the Software Centre is in breach of any law, regulation
  or third party's rights, you should notify Canonical in writing at the
  address below. In doing so, please:* identify the material which you
  believe to be infringing;* identify what you believe this material
  infringes and why;* provide your name, email address, address and
  telephone number;* confirm that you believe in good faith that this
  material is infringing a law or third party's rights and that, to the
  best of your knowledge, the information you are providing is
  correct;*...

If you believe this to be the case, you should contact the USC team with the information requested in the terms of use.

If you are looking to block certain applications from the Software Center, you may want to take a look at this question.

While it only addresses hiding the entire category of commercial applications, it may give you some pointers on how to target a specific application.


I am unable to open a game which can run in ubuntu but is not running

You don’t need to install bombsquad.
First, open a terminal window.
Just download the game:

wget http://www.files.froemling.net/bombsquad/builds/BombSquad_Linux_64bit_1.4.147.tar.gz

Then extract the Archive:

tar -xf BombSquad_Linux_64bit_1.4.147.tar.gz

And now to start the game:

BombSquad_Linux_64bit_1.4.147/bombsquad

The game should now open in its own window


How to calibrate the laptop battery on 12.04

Have you tried power-calibrate ?

sudo apt install power-calibrate

then run

power-calibrate -r

You can read the manual or run man power-calibrate for more information.


How do I install drivers for a Canon LBP-2900 printer?

For the printer, there is a script that should help you do this with little effort - my source is here.

You need to download the script from the Canon Website (you will need to extract this archive). Running the script from a terminal is easy: sudo ./canonLBP_install.sh LBP2900


Poor boot-screen after interrupted install

Install cryptsetup package (side effect of this action is logo normalization)


Yes, GCC is installed by default on Ubuntu Desktop. The package is called, well, gcc. You can check this by using gcc -v:

$ gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.8 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.8 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libmudflap --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64/jre --enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.4 (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04)

If you get a not installed error, just install it by using:

sudo apt-get install gcc

This will install GCC and you can now use the command.


How to set up RealVNC with a professional subscription on Ubuntu?

I figured it out! Run the script found here: https://help.realvnc.com/hc/en-us/articles/360003474572-How-do-I-get-started-with-VNC-Connect-on-Linux-#installing-vnc-server-0-2
In my case, I have a professional subscription, so I:
Uninstalled VNC Server
Reinstalled it, but didn't run it
Ran the script, option 2 at first to get it into Service Mode
Then continued the script with option 1 to license it.
Happy vncing!


Login prompt remains displayed after login

Choose "Advanced" option from the GRUB menu and try another kernel version to login...
The GRUB: The first screen while opening the computer. It's headline is GNU GRUB. There is an opton in that menu. You can make it visible with pressing and holding the Shift key at boot time.


Filemanager-actions not available for Groovy

It is another last nail to the GNOME coffin. There is no such packages after 20.04 LTS release.
Simply use Caja with its caja-actions-config-tool instead. Or the whole MATE desktop which is famous for its flexibility.


Operating System not Found after installing Ubuntu in a Sony Vaio

You have confused an installation with the Pendrive (your usb stick).  Rather than going through technical details, I'll simply suggest that you eliminate the USB drive for now (unplug it) and work with a live CD only.  Your installation will then place grub on the correct drive (one of hour hard drives found during installation which is normally sda unless you've used a bio option to boot to a different from the first hard drive).

A fresh install will then boot without having the USB plugged in.  If you've done work and have configurations or data you want to save on your current Ubuntu installation you can use a grub recovery procedure to boot to your preferred installation.

Fix grup boot:

1) boot to the Ubuntu installation disk
2) Run the "Try Ubuntu" option
3) Bring up a terminal (Launch search "terminal")
4) Run these commands (exactly):

    a) sudo mount /dev/sdaX /mnt  # Make "X" the partition that has Ubuntu installed (i.e. /dev/sda2).
    b) for i in /sys /proc /run /dev; do sudo mount --bind "$i" "/mnt/$i"; done
    c) sudo chroot /mnt
    d) update-grub
    e) if no errors skip this "e" section
        grub-install /dev/sdX (x is the hard drive that has linux installed (i.e. /dev/sda)
        update-grub
5) Reboot the system


My default home lens changed after upgrading. Is that normal?

The new style Dash is the default in 12.04:

User testing showed that the old 11.10 dash confused new users and IMHO - really was not as useful as it could have been.

You have direct access to the different lenses by right-click of the dash icon:


You may have found the answer already but if you download the Unity Tweak Tool it has the option under the launcher tab.


Open a terminal and run:

sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libopencv-dev


Unfortunately AHCI is needed.  You need to make sure your SATA controller is set to AHCI mode (you can do so in your BIOS). AHCI is needed for TRIM support, and to get the maximum performance out of an SSD.

TRIM support does help maintain the highest performance of an SSD.  It’s recommended to run your SSD in AHCI mode to enable TRIM to do its job.


I know I'm digging up a dated post, but I too was trying to figure out why I could not get the scheduler to run automatically when the server is running.

I did find a solution that works for me on Ubuntu 18.04 and 18.10

I provided a full write-up of how to install Airflow and PostgreSQL on the back-end on the link here.

from the later part of my article:

Essentially it comes down to making a specific change to the airflow-scheduler.system file.

This is one of the ‘gotchas’ for an implementation on Ubuntu. The dev team that created Airflow designed it to run on a different distribution of linux and therefore there is a small (but critical) change that needs to be made so that Airflow will automatically run when the server is on. The default systemd service files initially look like this:

[Unit]
Description=Airflow scheduler daemon
After=network.target postgresql.service mysql.service redis.service rabbitmq-server.service
Wants=postgresql.service mysql.service redis.service rabbitmq-server.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/airflow
User=airflow
Group=airflow
Type=simple
ExecStart=/bin/airflow scheduler
Restart=always
RestartSec=5s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

However, this will not work as the ‘EnvironmentFile’ protocol doesn’t fly on Ubuntu 18. Instead, comment out that line and add in :

Environment="PATH=/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/envs/airflow/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"

You will likely want to create a systemd service file at least for the Airflow Scheduler and also probably the Webserver if you want the UI to launch automatically as well. Indeed we do want both in this implementation, so we will be creating two files, airflow-scheduler.service & airflow-webserver.service. Both of which will be copied to the /etc/systemd/system folder. These are as follows:

airflow-scheduler.service

[Unit]
Description=Airflow scheduler daemon
After=network.target postgresql.service mysql.service redis.service rabbitmq-server.service
Wants=postgresql.service mysql.service redis.service rabbitmq-server.service

[Service]
#EnvironmentFile=/etc/default/airflow
Environment="PATH=/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/envs/airflow/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
User=airflow
Group=airflow
Type=simple
ExecStart=/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/envs/airflow/bin/airflow scheduler
Restart=always
RestartSec=5s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
#airflow-webserver.service

airflow-webserver.service

[Unit]
Description=Airflow webserver daemon
After=network.target postgresql.service mysql.service redis.service rabbitmq-server.service
Wants=postgresql.service mysql.service redis.service rabbitmq-server.service

[Service]
#EnvironmentFile=/etc/default/airflow
Environment="PATH=/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/envs/airflow/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
User=airflow
Group=airflow
Type=simple
ExecStart=/home/ubuntu/anaconda3/envs/airflow/bin/airflow webserver -p 8085 --pid /home/ubuntu/airflow/airflow-webserver.pid
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5s
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Finally, with both of those files copied to the /etc/systemd/systemd folder by way of a superuser copy command sudo cp  it is time to hit the ignition:

sudo systemctl enable airflow-scheduler
sudo systemctl start airflow-scheduler
sudo systemctl enable airflow-webserver
sudo systemctl start airflow-webserver


Download the zip version: http://apache.claz.org/lucene/solr/4.2.1/solr-4.2.1.zip

cd /tmp
wget http://apache.claz.org/lucene/solr/4.2.1/solr-4.2.1.zip

Next unzip the package:

unzip solr-4.2.1.zip

Move newly created directory to /opt

sudo mv solr-4.2.1 /opt/

Then enter the newly created directory

cd /opt/solr-4.2.1/example/

There you will find an start.jar file, launch it:

java -jar start.jar

Follow this tutorial:

https://lucene.apache.org/solr/4_2_1/tutorial.html


Does Grub2 Require an Optional SCSI Feature?

I just noticed that in Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric the grub-pc version 1.99-12ubuntu5 running inside VMware Fusion 4.1.1 (536016) most definitely does not have SCSI serial numbers for /dev/sda etc. virtual drives yet has working "dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc".

Look in /dev/disk/by-id/ and none of the symlinks are to sda, that confirms there are no SCSI serial numbers.

Something was likely updated in the script(s) that the grub-pc package contains to be able to cope with having no /dev/disk/by-id/ symlinks.  I will go take a look at what it is that was done.  I also have to check to see what is up with 10.04 LTS if anything since this affects KVM guests with virtio /dev/vda disks too.  Later versions of Ubuntu past 10.04 support using <serial>foo</serial> in libvirt xml and that works to create /dev/disk/by-id/ symlinks provided you have a new enough udev to create /sys/block/vda/serial


It's in this repository.

You can add the repository and install it with the following commands.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:n-muench/programs-ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install filezilla

All LTS packages have been moved here (for easier rebuilding):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:n-muench/programs-ppa2


How to print the line number when searching for a string in multiple files

Use -n as an option to grep. Or combine them in one with recursive mode, e.g.:

grep -rn pattern path/to/folder

As the manpage of grep says:

   -n, --line-number
          Prefix  each  line of output with the 1-based line number
          within its input file.  (-n is specified by POSIX.)

Example output:

temp/openssh/openssh-6.0p1/sshconnect2.c:1468:  sent = send_pubkey_test(authctxt, id);
                                         ^^^^
                                         ||||----- Line number


How to install tensorflow for NVIDIA GPU RTX 2070 SUPER on Ubuntu 18.04

I was able to finally installed Tensorflow in my GeForce RTX 2070 Super with the following installations:

Ubuntu 18.04

CuDNN 7.5

CUDA 10.0

NVIDIA Driver Version 430.50

Then I just did pip3 install --user tensorflow-gpu==1.13.1 using Conda environment.


How does Ubuntu get away with reading FAT32

This is more of an issue with exFAT, not FAT.

exFAT is the Microsoft-owned proprietary filesystem that Android (and any other device) need to license from Microsoft in order to support.
FAT (eg FAT32 + VFAT) is free to implement and implemented pretty much universally, including in Ubuntu.

One of the notable benefits of exFAT over FAT is its support for individual files larger than 4GB, an essential feature for video recording applications.

The most notable drawback, obviously, is its proprietary nature, giving a Microsoft tax to every device that implements the standard.  It is an essential part of the SDXC standard, meaning that devices that support SD cards over 32GB have to pay money to Microsoft.

Edit: after reading the actual article, I realise now that the article itself suggests that vendors are paying to use even FAT (not exFAT).  Sorry for assuming that was your own confusion.

However, the point muru made in his answer still stands: the free software implementations of FAT (including the implementation in Linux, the kernel used in Android) are not subject to Microsoft patents because they don't implement the patented algorithm for maintaining long filenames and 8/3 letter filenames side by side.

The article even admits it can only speculate, and I think it's probably wrong, for the above reasons.  Or, at least, perhaps it does not have the full story: it's possible that these vendors are licensing other technology from Microsoft and the contract they have with Microsoft just happens to also bundle in some FAT technology even though they don't need a license for this.


Use apt get for chromium, and it will deal with the rest of the missing packages :

Press Ctrl+Alt+T and type sudo apt-get install chromium-browser and press enter.

after that, apt-get will install chromium and all its dependencies...

For skype, most people dont know that its easily available from ubuntu software center. Open another terminal (ctrl+alt+t) and type sudo software-center, to enter the Ubuntu software center as a poweruser (root).

Then whilst in there, go to the System category of apps, on the left side of the software center interface. Inside, search for skype and it should appear, but without a skype icon though.
Open the app synopsis and tick whatever plugins it is linked to, apply changes and then install. :)


Nothing appears on the Panel in Ubuntu 14.04

Try the following commands in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

dconf reset -f /org/compiz/

setsid unity

unity --reset-icons

Edit: Is this helping you?


As a rather drastic solution I deleted the content of docker:

sudo rm /var/lib/docker/ -rf

I assumed that some of my layer files got corrupted during the hard reboot, which made docker start fail.

The line that pointed me in that direction was:

msg="Error starting daemon: layer does not exist"

Yet keep in mind that this will delete all your images and all your built containers. You will have to pull and build them again, which I don't mind.


How to set keyboard layout for a macbook Pro?

Here is my "commandline solution" (Ubuntu 12.04 server on MacBookPro 10.9 within VirtualBox 4.3.8) :
sudo apt-get install keyboard-configuration
sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

Keyboard-configuration choices for MackBookPro French keyboard:

-> MacBook / MacBookPro (Intl)
-> French
-> French (again)
-> Right Alt (AltGr)
-> No Compose Key

It seems keyboard settings works fine and are keep after reboot.
--- EDIT Thomas ---
You should install all the console tools to make it work
apt-get install console-data

apt-get install console-setup

apt-get install console-locales

apt-get install keyboard-configuration