Any new way to install w32codecs / w64codecs through apt-get?

What is or was w32codecs/w64codecs anyway?

This package is a collection of old and very rarely used codecs. They are very inefficient and deliver poor results for todays standards. The only reason you would want to install them is to convert old private recordings or projects into more compatible formats. You may find everything else in compatible formats online these days.

Contrary to libdvdcss, which is now hosted by videolan.org (see also: I can't install libdvdcss - script not finding medibuntu, How to get DVD playback?), you really don't need these codecs in your standard setup, as the unstripped versions of gstreamer, FFmpeg and libav offer great support for formats that became popular with P2P file sharing and online audio/video publishing.

(For example DivX, XviD, Micosoft MPEG-4, Intel 263 and some Quicktime codecs are all some sort of implementation of MPEG-4 Part 2, the predecessor of MPEG-4 Part 10/AVC/H.264.)

The most detailed explanation I could find was from deb-multimedia.org's package description:

  This package contain video codecs for popular proprietary formats not
  natively supported by mplayer.

  ATI VCR-2 video codec.
  Cinepak video codec
  DivX ;-) video codec, ver. 3.11
  DivX ;-) video codec, ver. 4.x
  Indeo Video 3.2/4.1/5.0/4.1 quick/5.0 quick codecs.
  Intel 263 video codec.
  Microsoft MPEG-4 video codec, beta version 3.0.0.2700
  Morgan Multimedia Motion JPEG video codec.
  QuickTime
  RealAudio
  RealVideo 8
  RealVideo 9
  Windows Media Video 9

The complete content listing of the package looks like this:

$ dpkg --contents w32codecs_20110131-dmo2_i386.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-08-07 11:43 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-08-07 11:43 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-08-07 11:43 ./usr/lib/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-08-07 11:43 ./usr/lib/codecs/
-rw-r--r-- root/root    184320 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/frwt.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    482816 2010-03-30 13:43 ./usr/lib/codecs/VFCodec.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    319488 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/pvmjpg21.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    331776 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/ZyGoVideo.qtx
-rw-r--r-- root/root     17920 2000-07-30 06:36 ./usr/lib/codecs/msadp32.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root     69632 2010-03-31 16:14 ./usr/lib/codecs/CUVCcodc.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root      3260 2004-07-24 15:41 ./usr/lib/codecs/vid_cyuv.xa
-rw-r--r-- root/root    308736 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/AppleProResDecoder.qtx
-rw-r--r-- root/root     49664 2002-04-21 03:30 ./usr/lib/codecs/nsrt2432.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root     77824 2010-03-30 13:45 ./usr/lib/codecs/fmcodec.DLL
-rw-r--r-- root/root    299008 2002-04-21 03:32 ./usr/lib/codecs/rt32dcmp.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     25088 1999-05-05 23:22 ./usr/lib/codecs/msgsm32.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root    196608 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/pvljpg20.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    102439 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/sipr3260.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    262416 2001-05-11 00:04 ./usr/lib/codecs/mpg4ds32.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root     36864 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/frapsvid.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root   1184984 2006-05-20 17:16 ./usr/lib/codecs/wvc1dmod.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root      9984 2010-06-03 11:00 ./usr/lib/codecs/md5sum
-rw-r--r-- root/root    823296 2010-03-30 13:27 ./usr/lib/codecs/cinevfw.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    119296 2010-03-30 13:44 ./usr/lib/codecs/wavelet.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     81920 2010-03-30 12:55 ./usr/lib/codecs/zmbv.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    176165 2010-03-16 17:30 ./usr/lib/codecs/drv23260.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     65575 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/cook3260.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    110592 2010-03-30 13:25 ./usr/lib/codecs/MVCodec.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    121344 2010-03-30 12:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/SCLS.DLL
-rw-r--r-- root/root    287744 2000-12-29 20:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/divxa32.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root     33040 2002-04-21 11:09 ./usr/lib/codecs/lhacm.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root     98304 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/sp6x_32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     62808 2012-08-07 11:43 ./usr/lib/codecs/atrc.so.6.0
-rw-r--r-- root/root     57344 2004-02-14 21:10 ./usr/lib/codecs/mi-sc4.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root    296448 2010-03-30 13:56 ./usr/lib/codecs/CineWave.qtx
-rw-r--r-- root/root    412160 2001-01-24 10:28 ./usr/lib/codecs/divxc32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    361184 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/3ivxDSVideoDecoder.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root    573440 2004-12-19 17:51 ./usr/lib/codecs/tvqdec.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     84992 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/14_43260.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     81920 2004-03-23 00:57 ./usr/lib/codecs/LCODCCMW2E.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    778240 2010-03-30 13:34 ./usr/lib/codecs/Sif1_vfw.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    338432 2010-03-30 13:08 ./usr/lib/codecs/LCodcCMP.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    316416 2010-03-30 13:53 ./usr/lib/codecs/3ivx Delta 3.5.qtx
-rw-r--r-- root/root    458752 2010-03-30 12:55 ./usr/lib/codecs/GeoCodec.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    626688 2006-05-11 20:21 ./usr/lib/codecs/vp7vfw.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    367616 2010-03-30 13:31 ./usr/lib/codecs/blox.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    278800 2001-05-01 09:46 ./usr/lib/codecs/wmv8ds32.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root    208935 2010-03-16 17:30 ./usr/lib/codecs/drv33260.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    100352 2010-03-31 16:12 ./usr/lib/codecs/AvidQTAVUICodec.qtx
-rw-r--r-- root/root    126464 2004-07-03 00:36 ./usr/lib/codecs/wnvplay1.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    102400 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/VTZ32.DLL
-rw-r--r-- root/root     16144 2002-04-06 00:00 ./usr/lib/codecs/tsd32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    423424 2010-03-31 16:13 ./usr/lib/codecs/wmavds32.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root     95292 2001-02-15 00:00 ./usr/lib/codecs/atrac3.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root     66560 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/tr2032.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    101376 2010-03-31 16:08 ./usr/lib/codecs/Nstsp32.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root    245760 2004-03-23 00:57 ./usr/lib/codecs/LCMW2.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    299560 2012-08-07 11:43 ./usr/lib/codecs/drv3.so.6.0
-rw-r--r-- root/root     29696 2010-03-30 13:51 ./usr/lib/codecs/decvdo.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     98304 2000-12-18 01:32 ./usr/lib/codecs/imc32.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root     57344 2010-03-30 13:40 ./usr/lib/codecs/wtvc.DLL
-rw-r--r-- root/root    110592 2010-03-30 14:15 ./usr/lib/codecs/smcelp32.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root     82432 2003-08-18 18:52 ./usr/lib/codecs/vdowave.drv
-rw-r--r-- root/root    462848 2001-09-22 15:17 ./usr/lib/codecs/vp31vfw.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    258048 2010-03-30 12:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/SN4Codec.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     75264 2010-04-04 04:25 ./usr/lib/codecs/zlib1.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root      9488 2002-04-21 02:55 ./usr/lib/codecs/tssoft32.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root    454656 2005-05-03 16:23 ./usr/lib/codecs/vsshdsd.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    200080 2012-08-07 11:43 ./usr/lib/codecs/drv2.so.6.0
-rw-r--r-- root/root     98304 2001-04-02 05:57 ./usr/lib/codecs/mcmjpg32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     11776 2003-09-09 06:18 ./usr/lib/codecs/ctadp32.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root    263680 2001-10-11 12:34 ./usr/lib/codecs/mcdvd_32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    107760 2004-07-24 15:41 ./usr/lib/codecs/vid_iv32.xa
-rw-r--r-- root/root     19456 2001-03-30 02:16 ./usr/lib/codecs/imaadp32.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root    471040 2010-03-30 13:34 ./usr/lib/codecs/tm2x.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    167696 2001-06-26 17:53 ./usr/lib/codecs/msh261.drv
-rw-r--r-- root/root     34304 1996-12-16 00:00 ./usr/lib/codecs/qpeg32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     93184 2004-07-03 00:36 ./usr/lib/codecs/wnvwinx.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    225280 2002-11-08 20:04 ./usr/lib/codecs/qtmlClient.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    120320 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/lagarith.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    225552 2001-01-29 09:08 ./usr/lib/codecs/qdv.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    372736 2004-04-28 00:40 ./usr/lib/codecs/vp5vfw.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    167936 2003-04-10 00:48 ./usr/lib/codecs/vsswlt.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    130560 2010-03-30 13:33 ./usr/lib/codecs/aoxdxipl.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root     45056 2010-03-30 12:59 ./usr/lib/codecs/msvidc32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     61952 2001-04-10 21:39 ./usr/lib/codecs/acelpdec.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root    360448 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/pvwv220.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     49152 2003-04-10 00:49 ./usr/lib/codecs/vssh264core.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    122961 2010-03-31 16:12 ./usr/lib/codecs/csellc.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    180224 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/frwd.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     76112 2001-12-07 14:27 ./usr/lib/codecs/msscds32.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root    167424 2010-03-30 13:44 ./usr/lib/codecs/wv32vfw.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     71580 2004-07-24 15:41 ./usr/lib/codecs/vid_h261.xa
-rw-r--r-- root/root    175616 2002-04-23 15:51 ./usr/lib/codecs/tm20dec.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root     62976 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/BTVVC32.DRV
-rw-r--r-- root/root    241664 2001-07-03 16:01 ./usr/lib/codecs/ubv263d+.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root    118784 2004-03-24 07:21 ./usr/lib/codecs/aslcodec_dshow.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     54272 2010-03-31 16:09 ./usr/lib/codecs/vdowave.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root    335164 2012-08-07 11:43 ./usr/lib/codecs/drv4.so.6.0
-rw-r--r-- root/root    751104 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/On2_VP3.qtx
-rw-r--r-- root/root    135168 2002-04-21 01:52 ./usr/lib/codecs/clrviddd.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    773368 2004-08-11 01:44 ./usr/lib/codecs/wmsdmod.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    807032 2002-11-20 22:03 ./usr/lib/codecs/wmv9dmod.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    124928 2010-03-30 13:51 ./usr/lib/codecs/vdo32_30.drv
-rw-r--r-- root/root    771584 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/wms10dmod.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    155648 2005-04-10 18:06 ./usr/lib/codecs/vmnc.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    199168 2000-07-14 05:52 ./usr/lib/codecs/ir32_32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    410216 2002-10-28 15:11 ./usr/lib/codecs/wmadmod.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    487424 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/smv2vfw.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    124370 2004-07-24 15:41 ./usr/lib/codecs/vid_h263.xa
-rw-r--r-- root/root    212992 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/WavLor.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    218624 1999-04-15 20:10 ./usr/lib/codecs/mvoiced.vwp
-rw-r--r-- root/root      8704 2010-03-30 13:40 ./usr/lib/codecs/KGV1-VFW.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     60772 2012-08-07 11:43 ./usr/lib/codecs/sipr.so.6.0
-rw-r--r-- root/root     33280 2000-08-24 02:00 ./usr/lib/codecs/huffyuv.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     35840 1999-09-09 19:12 ./usr/lib/codecs/asusasvd.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     53248 2010-04-04 04:25 ./usr/lib/codecs/MyFlashZip0.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root    239616 2000-12-21 22:34 ./usr/lib/codecs/divx_c32.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root    192512 2010-03-31 16:11 ./usr/lib/codecs/rricm.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     28672 2003-10-29 16:40 ./usr/lib/codecs/ultimo.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     61440 2010-03-30 12:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/WCMV.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     80896 2010-03-30 13:45 ./usr/lib/codecs/TRICDC32.DRV
-rw-r--r-- root/root    563200 2003-05-27 12:42 ./usr/lib/codecs/QuickTimeEssentials.qtx
-rw-r--r-- root/root   1449984 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/psiv.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     49152 2010-03-30 12:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/ylc.vcm
-rw-r--r-- root/root    184320 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/frwu.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    199680 2004-06-02 18:37 ./usr/lib/codecs/iac25_32.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root    122880 2010-03-30 13:25 ./usr/lib/codecs/nsvideo.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     61440 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/DVACM.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root    671815 2010-03-31 16:14 ./usr/lib/codecs/cseHQa.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    739328 1997-07-07 11:32 ./usr/lib/codecs/ir41_32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     35840 2010-03-31 16:10 ./usr/lib/codecs/xanlib.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    262416 2001-04-02 05:30 ./usr/lib/codecs/wmvds32.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root    217127 2010-03-16 17:30 ./usr/lib/codecs/drv43260.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     77824 2004-03-24 07:21 ./usr/lib/codecs/aslcodec_vfw.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     90112 2002-11-30 23:55 ./usr/lib/codecs/jp2avi.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    110592 2002-04-21 14:38 ./usr/lib/codecs/tsccvid.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    155648 2010-03-30 12:57 ./usr/lib/codecs/BMDCodecLib.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     45056 2010-03-30 13:40 ./usr/lib/codecs/scrvid.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root      6640 2004-07-24 15:41 ./usr/lib/codecs/vid_cvid.xa
-rw-r--r-- root/root    114688 2001-05-03 15:30 ./usr/lib/codecs/avizlib.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    767488 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/ACTLComponent.qtx
-rw-r--r-- root/root    188416 2010-03-30 12:57 ./usr/lib/codecs/libguide40.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    904704 2003-05-27 12:42 ./usr/lib/codecs/QuickTimeInternetExtras.qtx
-rw-r--r-- root/root     56320 2002-12-21 00:44 ./usr/lib/codecs/mwsc.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     58880 2010-03-31 16:08 ./usr/lib/codecs/Nsgsm32.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root    319480 2004-07-24 15:41 ./usr/lib/codecs/vid_3ivX.xa
-rw-r--r-- root/root   4544512 2003-05-27 12:42 ./usr/lib/codecs/QuickTime.qts
-rw-r--r-- root/root     34064 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/lhacm2.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root     76800 2010-03-30 12:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/nuvision.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root     76800 2001-04-18 11:54 ./usr/lib/codecs/BeHereiVideo.qtx
-rw-r--r-- root/root     69632 2001-05-03 15:30 ./usr/lib/codecs/avimszh.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     44032 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/28_83260.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     38912 2002-01-07 00:00 ./usr/lib/codecs/alf2cd.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root    966656 2010-03-30 13:06 ./usr/lib/codecs/GXAMP4.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     76800 1996-11-12 10:12 ./usr/lib/codecs/VDODEC32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    391680 2000-08-01 22:41 ./usr/lib/codecs/i263_32.drv
-rw-r--r-- root/root    110592 2006-09-27 20:56 ./usr/lib/codecs/vcmimm4.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    262144 2010-03-31 16:12 ./usr/lib/codecs/cllccodc.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     65536 2010-03-30 13:40 ./usr/lib/codecs/sp4x_32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     74548 2012-08-07 11:43 ./usr/lib/codecs/cook.so.6.0
-rw-r--r-- root/root     76800 2002-03-12 14:22 ./usr/lib/codecs/vgpix32d.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    114176 2010-03-30 13:40 ./usr/lib/codecs/bw10.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     90112 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/MV3.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     73766 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/atrc3260.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    438272 2004-02-12 09:39 ./usr/lib/codecs/vp6vfw.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    204800 2004-11-14 22:02 ./usr/lib/codecs/lsvxdec.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     53760 2001-05-10 03:51 ./usr/lib/codecs/m3jpegdec.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root    706696 2003-04-10 00:48 ./usr/lib/codecs/vsslight.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    755200 2000-03-09 20:17 ./usr/lib/codecs/ir50_32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    182784 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/ZyGoAudioS.qtx
-rw-r--r-- root/root    110592 2000-03-09 20:15 ./usr/lib/codecs/iccvid.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     88064 2001-01-22 01:49 ./usr/lib/codecs/asusasv2.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    151808 2010-03-17 13:51 ./usr/lib/codecs/scdec.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    131072 2002-09-09 20:01 ./usr/lib/codecs/sp5x_32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    424960 1999-04-15 20:10 ./usr/lib/codecs/msms001.vwp
-rw-r--r-- root/root   4921136 2010-03-30 13:06 ./usr/lib/codecs/G2M.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    466944 2004-04-28 00:39 ./usr/lib/codecs/vp4vfw.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    327680 2010-03-30 13:29 ./usr/lib/codecs/WavCWAIP.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     66560 2010-03-30 12:56 ./usr/lib/codecs/kdvyuv8.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    807528 2002-10-28 15:12 ./usr/lib/codecs/wmvdmod.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    155648 2010-03-30 13:08 ./usr/lib/codecs/AvidAVICodec.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    422912 2002-11-12 09:53 ./usr/lib/codecs/m3jp2k32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    835665 2010-03-31 16:14 ./usr/lib/codecs/CSEUvec.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    312832 2002-04-21 01:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/CLRVIDDC.DLL
-rw-r--r-- root/root     81920 2002-04-21 11:22 ./usr/lib/codecs/CtWbJpg.DLL
-rw-r--r-- root/root    188832 2004-07-24 15:41 ./usr/lib/codecs/vid_iv41.xa
-rw-r--r-- root/root    421888 2003-04-10 00:49 ./usr/lib/codecs/vssh264dec.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    264704 2001-09-03 13:08 ./usr/lib/codecs/m3jpeg32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    614477 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/vorbis.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root     98304 2003-04-10 00:49 ./usr/lib/codecs/vssh264.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    409720 2002-10-29 17:03 ./usr/lib/codecs/wma9dmod.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    254272 1999-06-26 15:31 ./usr/lib/codecs/mpg4c32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    217088 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/slif.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    706504 2010-07-14 23:41 ./usr/lib/codecs/Microsoft.Expression.Encoder.EEScreen.Codec.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    468496 2010-03-30 13:09 ./usr/lib/codecs/ACDV.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     88464 1996-08-14 12:41 ./usr/lib/codecs/DECVW_32.DLL
-rw-r--r-- root/root    352256 2010-03-30 13:34 ./usr/lib/codecs/Sif1Dec.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root     53760 2010-03-30 12:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/Zlib.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     75200 2010-03-31 16:11 ./usr/lib/codecs/ativcr1.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    278528 2010-04-07 13:19 ./usr/lib/codecs/pncrt.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    225280 2001-11-04 00:40 ./usr/lib/codecs/ivvideo.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root   3037696 2010-11-27 14:40 ./usr/lib/codecs/AvidAVdnCodec.qtx
-rw-r--r-- root/root     13239 2003-12-03 22:29 ./usr/lib/codecs/scg726.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root    520192 2001-08-28 22:26 ./usr/lib/codecs/divx.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    117760 2010-03-30 13:44 ./usr/lib/codecs/ADV601.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    486504 2004-04-28 00:43 ./usr/lib/codecs/wmspdmod.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     42320 2010-03-30 13:41 ./usr/lib/codecs/xfcodec.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    770384 2010-03-18 17:15 ./usr/lib/codecs/msvcr100.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    286720 2010-03-30 13:33 ./usr/lib/codecs/camfc.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     88008 2004-07-24 15:41 ./usr/lib/codecs/vid_iv50.xa
-rw-r--r-- root/root   1118208 2008-10-11 11:43 ./usr/lib/codecs/Amv2Codec.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     79872 2001-10-11 15:10 ./usr/lib/codecs/msnaudio.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root     51224 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/sirenacm.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    300544 2000-12-21 22:40 ./usr/lib/codecs/l3codeca.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root     45056 2001-11-16 20:10 ./usr/lib/codecs/pclepim1.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    211968 2003-03-28 16:03 ./usr/lib/codecs/ViVD2.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    150016 2000-08-02 07:28 ./usr/lib/codecs/ativcr2.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    118784 2002-04-21 17:35 ./usr/lib/codecs/ubvmp4d.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     56320 1999-04-15 16:10 ./usr/lib/codecs/voxmsdec.ax
-rw-r--r-- root/root    249856 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/NuB2.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    307200 2001-05-03 15:29 ./usr/lib/codecs/icmw_32.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root   1155808 2010-03-31 15:58 ./usr/lib/codecs/3ivx.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root    122880 2001-05-03 15:34 ./usr/lib/codecs/vivog723.acm
-rw-r--r-- root/root   1181944 2004-10-18 09:33 ./usr/lib/codecs/wmvadvd.dll
-rw-r--r-- root/root     57344 2010-03-30 13:25 ./usr/lib/codecs/MLZCodec.dll
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-08-07 11:43 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-08-07 11:43 ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-08-07 11:43 ./usr/share/doc/w32codecs/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       627 2012-05-27 09:24 ./usr/share/doc/w32codecs/copyright
-rw-r--r-- root/root      1558 2012-08-07 11:42 ./usr/share/doc/w32codecs/changelog.Debian.gz

Solution

WARNING: Please read the cited text completely. Don't just copy and paste to terminal!

mc4man posted the following on the forums:

  they come from mplayerhq.hu so if one wanted to install as a .deb then
  they are always here -
  http://www.deb-multimedia.org/dists/unstable/non-free/binary-i386/package/w32codecs

  Or for a couple of extra or if on 64 bit the 3 rarely needed then run
  this in a terminal (copy & paste as 1 complete command (slightly
  modded from Andrew.46's mplayer guide

  Code:

  sudo mkdir -p /usr/lib/codecs && \
if [ "$(uname -m)" = "x86_64" ]; then
    wget http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/essential-amd64-20071007.tar.bz2
    tar xjvf essential-amd64-20071007.tar.bz2
    sudo cp -v essential-amd64-20071007/* /usr/lib/codecs
else
    wget http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/all-20110131.tar.bz2
    tar xjvf all-20110131.tar.bz2
    sudo cp -v all-20110131/* /usr/lib/codecs
fi


tesseract-ocr `./configure` triggering Error "leptonica not found"

Almost all programs that compile with a ./configure (such as this one, although it's triggered during the auto-apt process) are not looking for the actual binaries of the program the dependencies checks refer to.  Instead, such systems are looking for development libraries and header files, and not the binaries.  Those are usually kept in a separate package with a -dev suffix, in a similar name.  To that end, we need to find the corresponding development headers for the library.

What leptonica-progs which you installed contains are sample programs for the Leptonica library, and not the actual headers/library files.  Searching the packages system under Trusty, I think you will need to install the libleptonica-dev package to install the actual headers and library files for the library itself.

Run sudo apt-get install libleptonica-dev and then run the ./configure line again, and it shouldn't be triggering on the leptonica dependency anymore.


How do I install Ruby 1.9.2 on Ubuntu without crashing?

I don't think compiling would directly be causing a reboot but it may be a side effect of your system having to do a lot of work.  The CPU could be overheating.  I'd keep an eye on the temperatures especially if you're overclocking.


was having the same problem. Also tried upgrade to 19 as well as bluez.

What finally worked for me was to restart the service:

sudo service bluetooth restart

the first time I tried it, it didn't restart cleanly, but it worked on the second try. Listening to music now for over an hour and no stuttering.

Not sure how often this will need to be done, but I can imagine putting it in crontab if no one patches it for awhile.


Another monitor detected even if there isn't one plugged in

You can make X ignore certain (phantom) ports by adding entries like this to your /etc/X11/xorg.conf:

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier "HDMI1"
    Option     "Ignore"    "True"
EndSection

In this case the HDMI1 port gets ignored. To find out which ports you might want to ignore, you can run

xrandr -q


You can stop your system from receiving UDP packets by doing a

sudo lsof -i UDP

and killing the processes that have open UDP sockets (all the processes listed),IF YOU'RE SURE YOU DON'T NEED THEM! I'm almost sure that you need them.

The only way to stop your system from sending UDP packets is to not run any program that uses UDP. I have no idea how you can do this.

This being said, I must confess that, in my 45 year  career as a sysadmin on Unix and Linux with the last 20 years in security, I've NEVER encountered a situation where turning off UDP was a good idea. It seems like you're trying to secure your system by randomly turning things off, without understanding what you're doing, or how security works. Please don't.


dpkg: unrecoverable fatal error, aborting: package 'libistack-commons-java' Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)

Note: do NOT abort a bad block scan!

    Note: do NOT bad block a SSD

    Note: backup your important files FIRST!

    Note: this will take many hours

    Note: you may have a pending HDD failure

Boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB.

In terminal...

sudo fdisk -l # identify all "Linux Filesystem" partitions

sudo e2fsck -fcky /dev/sdXX # read-only test

or

sudo e2fsck -fccky /dev/sdXX # non-destructive read/write test (recommended)

The -k is important, because it saves the previous bad block table, and adds any new bad blocks to that table. Without -k, you loose all of the prior bad block information.

The -fccky parameter...

   -f    Force checking even if the file system seems clean.

   -c    This option causes e2fsck to use badblocks(8) program  to  do  a
         read-only  scan  of  the device in order to find any bad blocks.
         If any bad blocks are found, they are added  to  the  bad  block
         inode  to  prevent them from being allocated to a file or direc‐
         tory.  If this option is specified twice,  then  the  bad  block
         scan will be done using a non-destructive read-write test.

   -k    When combined with the -c option, any existing bad blocks in the
         bad blocks list are preserved, and any new bad blocks  found  by
         running  badblocks(8)  will  be added to the existing bad blocks
         list.

   -y    Assume  an answer of `yes' to all questions; allows e2fsck to be
         used non-interactively.  This option may not be specified at the
         same time as the -n or -p options.


You can simply download nodejs binaries for linux from https://nodejs.org/en/download/ (preferably LTS version 4.4.3). Unzip it and place it anywhere you want (say /opt folder). Now you can link to bin/node and bin/npm commands in your ~/.bashrc file using alias

alias node='/opt/node-v4.4.3/bin/node'

alias npm='/opt/node-v4.4.3/bin/npm'

Its simplest and you know exactly your files are.

Note : Please do not use ln -s into /usr/bin as it won't work


Yes. In fact, there are at least two ways to do this:

Convert to GPT -- The newer GUID Partition Table (GPT) supports up to 128 partitions by default (and that value can be raised, if necessary), with no distinction between primary, extended, and logical partitions. Some tools, including my own GPT fdisk (gdisk, sgdisk, cgdisk), which comes with Ubuntu in the gdisk package, can convert from the older Master Boot Record (MBR; which you're using) to GPT; see this page for details. Note, however, that this change will require re-installing your boot loader. If your computer is new (late 2011 or later), switching from BIOS-mode to EFI-mode booting may be desirable if you make this change. Either way, you'll probably have to create a new partition (a ~550MiB ESP for EFI-mode or a smaller ~1MiB BIOS Boot Partition for BIOS-mode). Also, if you're dual-booting Ubuntu with Windows, switching from MBR to GPT becomes much more complex, since then you'll need to update both OSes' boot loaders, and Windows does not support booting from GPT disks in BIOS mode, so this change will work only if your computer supports EFI-mode booting. (See this blog post for information on converting Windows from BIOS-mode to EFI-mode booting.)
Convert from logical to primary -- Some tools, such as my FixParts (fixparts), can convert partitions from logical to primary form. (Note that fixparts is also provided by the Ubuntu gdisk package.) There are caveats, though. If you have more than four primary plus logical partitions, you'll be able to have a total of no more than three primary partitions, so you might not be able to convert all your partitions. Depending on what partitions are involved in booting, what OSes you have installed, etc., you may need to adjust your boot loader configuration(s) after the conversion. As a general rule, converting from logical to primary isn't worthwhile, IMHO; although the extended partition is an awkward (albeit long-lived) hack, it doesn't really make it impossible to do things that would be possible if you had nothing but primary partitions; it just adds an extra step or two. (A notable exception is if you're installing an OS that requires a primary partition -- but then conventional partitioning tools can usually do the job.)

Note that both of these paths carry risks. The actual partition conversions involve relatively simple calculations and few writes of data, but there's always the possibility that a bug or random I/O error might cause disastrous data loss, given the critical nature of partition table data structures. As noted, you may also need to update or re-install your boot loader after making the change, and if you have problems with this step, the process will be a nightmare.

If you consider the extended/logical partitions to be awkward because you're making frequent partition changes, I recommend you look into using a Logical Volume Manager (LVM) configuration. LVM is a sort of advanced pseudo-partition setup that runs atop regular partitions. It's more flexible because the logical volumes (partition equivalents) in LVM are treated like files; they can be created and resized without worrying about their physical locations on the disk. Converting from a regular partition scheme to LVM can be awkward, though. The best way is normally to back up, create a fresh LVM setup, and restore (or re-install and then restore your user data). The blocks tool claims to be able to do this in place, but I've never tried it, so I can't comment on its safety, reliability, or ease of use, except to say that the description in the README says that a filesystem resize is part of the operation, which creates some inherent danger. Note also that, depending on what you convert, you're likely to end up needing to re-install your boot loader, or at least tweak its configuration, after doing the conversion.


windows 10 showing as freedos on grub menu

Use Grub Customizer to edit your boot menu.
Open a terminal and

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

If you do have a Windows installation, it will detect it and allow you to add it to the boot menu.


So the first thing is to stop the server.  That's done as follows:

sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql stop

That was easy enough.  So the rest is permissions, so apparently chmod is the solution in step 3 below.  (Newbies google chmod for some insight).  You have to allow write access to all users to the "socket directory".  Apparently that's just a Debian problem; they modified the postgresql source code in their repo; the "socket directory" in the unmodified postgres source is "/tmp", which has by default free write permissions.  However the Debian distro changed that to "/var/run/postgresql", which is readonly for non-owners.  So you just have to make that writeable.  Here's the full pre-tutorial install script from a virgin 12.04 Ubuntu VM.

sudo apt-get install postgresql
sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql stop
sudo chmod a+w /var/run/postgresql
echo 'PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin' >> .bashrc
. .bashrc

sudo apt-get install leiningen

mkdir clojure
cd clojure
lein new shouter
cd shouter
gedit project.clj
  change to https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/clojure-web-application

initdb pg
postgres -D pg &
createdb shouter
export DATABASE_URL=postgresql://localhost:5432/shouter
lein repl

To keep it from auto-starting on port 5432: Edit the /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/start.conf file.


Old digital camera control - take pictures

Entangle was created to do exactly what you want, so you don't have to develop an entire script by your own.

You can install it by opening your terminal and typing:

sudo apt-get install entangle

Then, open it up either from your Dash or Menu. The default entangle interface will look like below.

If you don’t connect the camera to your Ubuntu, it shows a message "No Camera detected".

Once you connect the camera, you can select it and use use as you want.

And have fun!


Can I upgrade to Lubuntu 18.04 LTS 32-bit?

Lubuntu and the other Ubuntu community flavours provide both 64-bit and 32-bit iso files.

You can find the iso files and corresponding checksums via this link

releases.ubuntu.com/

See also the following link,

Future support


See if re-installing will re-configure Nautilus to work correctly:

sudo apt-get --reinstall install nautilus


folding at home client installation w/ origami

This is a known bug

https://bugs.launchpad.net/origami/+bug/297578

solution (from the above bug report) (Change "USERNAME" to your log in name).

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs
sudo origami erase
sudo origami install -t 45104 -u USERNAME -p amd64 -k PASSKEY -b big
sudo /etc/init.d/origami start

See also http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=9647467&postcount=1


Ambiance - How to close windows at the top?

I'm also on Ubuntu with MATE and Ambiance looks like this:

There are buttons in top right corner, in all themes there are. Your OS must be missing something... is there a message in theme changing tool when you select Ambiance?

Update from comments:
Here's the ultimate solution. Managed to run a quick batch on all those icons with Phatch+ImageMagick, fixed couple manually with GIMP and here it is... Custom Ambiance closeable on very top right corner while maximized:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7Jj61b72RMWMVZ3TDdVbmJfbnM/view?usp=sharing

Unpack into ~/.themes/ ... Almost everything is possible on Linux :)


creating loop over the lines of text files

paste does exactly what you want.

DESCRIPTION
       Write  lines  consisting  of  the sequentially corresponding lines from
       each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.   With  no  FILE,  or
       when FILE is -, read standard input.

       Mandatory  arguments  to  long  options are mandatory for short options
       too.

       -d, --delimiters=LIST
              reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs

In your case

paste -d " " a b c

will do the trick. If you need the output in a file, redirect >output the output.

To access the n-th line of a file, use sed. For convenience wrap it up in a Bash function (pl is supposed to mean Print Line)

function pl {
  sed -n "$1p" $2
}

Calling for example pl 5 a will print the fifth line of file a. To store it in a variable

fifth=$(pl 5 a)

or combine both tasks

paste a b c | pl 5 -

to print the fifth line of the concatenated file.

To get a file into an array, use mapfile, from this answer:

mapfile -t myArray < output.txt


What I can understand from your question is that, when you resized your hardrive partitions, it shifted everything a little (likely it shifted to the right if anything). Now the bootloader (loads the system) is located at bytes 0-512 and only those bytes, it it moved over, even a little, the OS won't boot (learn more about bootloaders if you decide to pick up OS Dev).

Backup data on HDD just in case something decides to go wrong!

Easier Way (try this FIRST):

Boot using the Windows Installation Disk (insert, restart computer, and press the key it tells you to press in order to access boot menu before Windows Logo shows up) and select the Disk.
Select the option to repair your computer
Select Startup Repair (it may be inside System Recovery or similar)

Easy Way (aka Risky Way or Uber-1337 Way):

This will only work if my prediction about shifted partitions is correct.
To check (and possibly fix it), replace [TEXT] with appropriate data:

Boot Ubuntu as Live

If You Don't have GParted installed, create a GParted Bootable drive:

Open up the Terminal
cd to the directory where the GParted iso is downloaded
USB drive to use should be mounted as /dev/sdb, but to make sure type df -aTh, it will show a list of mounted drives, USB should be mounted on /media/[USER_NAME]/[USB_LABEL]
!WARNING - NEXT STEPS MAY LEAVE HARD DRIVE FUBAR'D, FOLLOW DIRECTIONS!
Type sudo dd status=noxfer conv=notrunc if=[GPARTED_ISO] of=[DEVICE(/dev/sdb)] to write iso to drive, it WILL take a minute (possibly 15) so if you did it right there's no data lost :)
Restart computer and boot GParted

Unmount drive to "play" with
Check for and delete any unused partitions
Expand the Windows Partition to fill entire (unused space of) drive, makes sure that there are ZERO (0) bytes before the start of the partition
If needed, move the partition all the way to the left (fairly long process as it goes through every byte of the partition little by little)

Good luck, and I hope you get it working!


Which diashow viewer has a shuffle functionality?

The photo viewer gwenview has such an option although it cannot show images in subfolders:

open fullscreen
move the mouse to the top and click on the settings icon:

There you see a setting "Random" (or "Zufällig" here in german).

Although it is not perfect, it has one drawback:

you cannot start a diashow with all containing picutes in several folders
(only the pictures in the folder itself are taken for the diashow, not the images in subfolders)


Stuck in low graphics mode - need to re-enable Intel card

I have 770M and had same problem with 14.04 Ubuntu. If I were you, I'd:

Uninstall everything related to nvidia and bumblebee

sudo apt-get remove nvidia-*
sudo apt-get remove bumblebee-*

Install nvidia-331-updates
install bumblebee

sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia

configure bumblebee.conf

sudo -H gedit /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf

as suggested by the Ubuntu wiki bumblebee page. It should contain:

Driver=nvidia

KernelDriver=nvidia-331-updates
LibraryPath=/usr/lib/nvidia-331-updates:/usr/lib32/nvidia-331-updates
XorgModulePath=/usr/lib/nvidia-331-updates/xorg,/usr/lib/xorg/modules

Reboot

It's not perfect, but better than Intel, for sure.


ubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-amd64 installation getting stuck

Your computer is 32bit (as shown from windows properties). so definitely 64bit version of ubuntu will not work.

Tip: even if your computer was 64bit, and RAM is 2GB its not recommended to use 64bit version of ubuntu. to use 64bit version of ubuntu your computer must be 64bit type and RAM should be greater than 2GB


I removed:  .ICEAuthority and  .Xauthority and it worked.


Installing ubuntu on old laptop with no cd drive

If you have the proper cables to successfully connect the Laptop HD to your Desktop Computer, then you should be able to boot from live CD and install Ubuntu on your Laptop Drive.
I wouldn't think that Ghosting the drive would be necessary, as it sounded like you might have been alluding to.

I think a simple live CD install would be fine for the laptop HD.


The OS is not allowing me to modify the kernel parameters. It's an Azure vm so Microsoft has likely blocked this type of modifications.
Thanks.


If that doesn't work you can manually boot windows by going in bios and moving whichever harddisk you want to boot to the top of the list.

Its annoying but it'll work.


How do I lock the screen from a terminal?

Simple:

gnome-screensaver-command -l

The following can also work, if the screensaver is set to lock when activate (see screensaver settings), since the command activates the screensaver:

gnome-screensaver-command -a

You can add an alias to the command by editing the file .bashrc (or .bash_aliases) in your home directory:

gedit $HOME/.bashrc

and adding the following line:

alias lock='gnome-screensaver-command -l'

Then from terminal:

source .profile

This will activate the alias.
From now on, the alias lock in a terminal will have the effect of locking the screen.


Speakers stop working shortly after install

For now the third answer here No sound on headphones with sof-hda-dsp audio on ubuntu (and variants) seems to have worked.

I have added this line -
options snd-hda-intel model=auto
to
/etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
and it started working for me. Apparently, we need to point out alsamixer to use auto-detection between speaker and headphones.


Update:

I solved it using sudo xmodmap -e "keysym 51 = KP_Enter", but will that survive a restart? Uoplem Dec 19 '11 at 4:37

Put it in a new file called ~/.Xmodmap. – enzotib Dec 19 '11 at 6:51


What is the difference between Ubuntu Server and Ubuntu Cloud under LXC?

Ubuntu template - uses debootstrap to create the new container and hence downloads and installs .deb packages to create the initial chroot.

Ubuntu-Cloud template - downloads preinstalled cloud image and unpacks it.

Ubuntu template is closer to a standard ubuntu-server installation.
The cloud images have smaller footprint than ubuntu-server installtion and has hooks to launch it with cloud-init and juju.


Mplayer video streaming from URL not working

Anyways I got the answer, by adding ffmpeg://

mplayer -fs ffmpeg://https://www.someurl.com/video.mp4


OpenSSH : Putty won't work with Ubuntu server 16.04

Yes, I had the same issue.  Just upgrade Putty.


To install Wine, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine1.6
sudo apt-get install winetricks

Based on your comment that you don't have a internet connection.

Now since you don't have an internet connection, you need to download Wine 1.6 file.  Once downloaded, copy the file as is to the Ubuntu system, and then look at How to install a .tar.gz (or .tar.bz2) file


Do I need to remove Grub when converting from Ubuntu server to desktop?

Assuming you are using legacy BIOS, the Grub boot strap loader resides in the first 512 bytes (bytes, not megabytes or gigabytes) of sda (usually).

The first 512 bytes on the drive is called the Master Boot Record (MBR) but grub also reads initrd.img (about 50 Megabytes) from /boot directory of sda (usually).

Grub is agnostic and doesn't care if your /boot directory was setup by  Ubuntu 12, 14, 16, generic, low-latency or server.

Currently your Ubuntu Server sets up /boot directory for grub. After installing Ubuntu Desktop it will setup the /boot directory for grub. Both versions of Ubuntu understand what grub needs to see and sets up the boot strap loader and /boot directory accordingly.

Both Server and Desktop versions contain the same grub code embedded within. They both use the sudo update-grub command to setup your grub menu. Both use the same sudo update-initramfs -u command to create a new grub initrd.img file whenever you make changes to plymouth, lvm, init-top hooks, etc.

Windows of course is a different beast which is why you must always install Windows first and Ubuntu second.


No AppIndicators after upgrading from 17.10 to 18.04

I experimented a bit with GNOME shell extensions and it was Topicons who brought my  indicator for Clementine music player back.


For me, it speeded up ATI performance by UNchecking Sync To VBlank.


Have a look at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFIBooting#Make_the_firmware_launch_GRUB2_.28U.29EFI_as_default

A other idea would be to enter the UEFI and change the boot order.


I eliminated vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic in order to avoid the hanging and now is broken

I just spent a fair bit of time removing 4.13.0-38 after a tonne of problems (dpkg and initramfs).  I decided to use kernel 4.13.0-36 instead as it was already installed.  Here's how I done so:

Check which alternative kernel is installed:

sudo dpkg -l linux*

The entry I wanted was linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic

Backup grub:

sudo cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.bak

Edit grub:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub    #use any editor

Change line 6 to:

GRUB_DEFAULT="Advanced options for Ubuntu>Ubuntu, with Linux 4.13.0-36-generic"

This ensures future updates don't affect the boot order.

Save and run update grub:

sudo update-grub
reboot

Check kernel version

uname -a

Optionally remove the broken kernel:

sudo dpkg -l linux*
sudo apt-get purge -y <all kernel 4.13.0.38 packages>

Finishing up:

sudo apt-get upgrade -y

Some troubleshooting/handy commands I used along the way or if things didn't go as planned:

sudo pkill dpkg*
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo dpkg --configure -a
ls /boot

Hope that helps one way or another.


How do I programmatically detect presence changes in the messaging menu?

The messaging menu uses the Telepathy framework and sends the status events to Telepathy's Mission Control.  The webpage that describes Telepathy and how it works is here:

http://telepathy.freedesktop.org/wiki/

If you use the Telepathy-GLib library you're probably looking for the "most-available-presence-changed" signal from the TpAccountManager object.


How to Make Desktop Entry for AptanaStudio3.sh

Open /opt/Aptana_Studio_3/AptanaStudio3.sh script.

sudo gedit /opt/Aptana_Studio_3/AptanaStudio3.sh

There should be the line (apparently, the 3rd) which actually launches Aptana Studio. Change it to /opt/Aptana_Studio_3/AptanaStudio3. The reason is there should be absolute path, not relative.


How to adjust mouse drag threshold in Lubuntu

I haven't fully tested this yet, but I think this shell command does the trick (in Ubuntu 16.04):

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.mouse drag-threshold 30

Changes take effect immediately, so you can easily test it and don't need to reboot.


deleted partition in windows and created new partition but want to recover data back? urgent

You can use EaseUs free partition manage software to backup and recovery your disk. It can be to partition your disk, cloning, copy, merge and recovery your disk. It can improve your disk space. You also don't have to manually to disk partition. Just need according to the software instructions to use .


Why does Nautilus slow down every time I delete file?

I had the same problem. I resolved it by reinstalling nautilus.

sudo apt-get install --reinstall nautilus

I hope this helps,

C.


I assume that you opened the program "Software & Updates", looked at the Updates tab, and choose "Never" for "Automatically check for updates"?  This cut the frequency down for me, but I also had to disable the apt daily services:

In a terminal enter the commands

sudo systemctl disable apt-daily.service apt-daily-upgrade.service
sudo systemctl disable apt-daily.timer apt-daily-upgrade.timer

Your manual updates (sudo apt update & sudo apt upgrade) will work as normal, but the apt system will not automatically look about for new updates.


Octave command window showing unreadable text

I fixed it by changing the font from Courier to another type. In my case, I changed it to Andale Mono. I have Octave version 4.2.2, and my Ubuntu is 16.04 LTS. It is EDIT->Preferences->Terminal->Font.

This is the fixed command window.

This is the past bugged command window.


how to install skype in ubuntu 61.0.1 (64-bit)

Do you mean Ubuntu 16.04?

Create a new file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/skype-stable.list

Edit that new file and add this line:

deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.skype.com/deb stable main

Then on the command line type:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install skypeforlinux


Where can I find the source code for ubuntu software center

To copy the source of the package software-center to the local computer:

apt source software-center

To make sure that you have everything that is needed to build the package from source:

sudo apt-get build-dep software-center

See How do I get and modify the source code of packages installed through apt-get.

An very useful resource is the official Ubuntu package search page; it allows you to find the dependencies, list of installed files and source tarballs for any package installed by any (recent-ish) version of Ubuntu.

(Edited to correspond with Tatakai Wasumi's observation.)


One possible cause of such problems is misconfiguration of the resolvconf package. Try running the following in a terminal on the PC.

sudo dpkg-reconfigure resolvconf

Then reboot the PC.

If you still can't ping www.google.com but can ping a valid IP address on the Internet then you probably need to adjust the DNS configuration. If you are using ifup and /etc/network/interfaces then you need to add "dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8" to the "iface eth0" stanza in /etc/network/interfaces, where you can use 8.8.8.8 or some other working nameserver's address. If you are, instead, using NetworkManager then you should use the Connection Editor to enable the acquisition of nameserver addresses via DHCP (Set IPv4 Settings | Method to "Automatic (DHCP)" and not to "Automatic (DHCP) addresses only") or to set static nameserver addresses for the Wired Connection.


How to output the first N letters of the names of each subdirectory of a given directory?

The -printf action of the find command accepts a C-style %.N field width specification

find path/to/directory/ -type d -printf '%.5f\n'

(replace 5 by your desired number of letters N). Add -maxdepth 1 to limit it to immediate subdirectories.

If you want all files, it's even easier. You can either use find as above but drop the -type d, or use stat with a simple * shell glob:

find . -printf "%.5f\n"

stat -c '%.5n' *

If you want to use a shell variable for the width, then you will need to change the quotes i.e.

N=5
find . -printf "%.${N}f\n"

or

N=5
stat -c "%.${N}n" *

If you have "simple" filenames and just want something quick'n'dirty to use in the terminal, you could even use

ls | cut -c1-$N


Downloaded a program to my home/downloads folder and can't access it

Go into the downloads folder and extract the tar.gz file by running,

cd /home/$USER/Downloads

OR

cd ~/Downloads
tar -xzvf filename.tar.gz

The above command extracts the .deb file inside Downloads directory.Then run the below command to install .deb file,

sudo dpkg -i filename.deb


Your icon theme does not "serve" the icons needed for the panel. So if you selected an older theme, it might have not all icons needed or named.
What you can do:
Select a theme that more or less suits you and which has been updated not too long ago.
You could compare the working theme with yours, copy the missing icons or rename the appropriate icons according to the working theme.
You could even make a "new" theme out if and publish it in "gnome-look.org"


What is the changes to be made in the BIOS settings to show OS options before booting?

I had a similar issue a couple of weeks ago installing Ubuntu 14.04 alongside Windows 8.1

See this post - it got me sorted:

First, turn off the Windows 8 Fast Startup feature, as described here:

http://www.eightforums.com/tutorials/6320-fast-startup-turn-off-windows-8-a.html

That feature causes filesystem corruption, which can in turn cause odd boot issues. There's a good chance that this issue caused your problem initially. Disabling Fast Startup might or might not cause GRUB to reappear the next time you reboot.

If that doesn't fix the problem, you should try re-registering GRUB with your firmware's NVRAM. The way to do this that's most reliable is to use bcdedit in Windows. Open an Administrator Command Prompt window and type:

bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi

Grub not showing on startup for Windows 8.1 Ubuntu 13.10 Dual boot


uGet has a problem while downloading some file and always retry until it reached the limit

One of these options can solve the problem.

Close Uget and Delete .config/uGet folder. then open uget and see the problem solved.
using aria2 instead of curl. go to the uGet settings edit>settings>plug-in and change plug-in matching order to the aria2 or aria2+curl

If you don't have aria2:

sudo apt-get install aria2


Application Indicator documentation with examples and API docs are available here:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DesktopExperienceTeam/ApplicationIndicators, it's API reference is HTML in the libappindicator-doc package. (Thanks @Sneetsher)
http://developer.ubuntu.com/apps(broken)

There are not yet tutorials on Application Indicators there yet, but stay tuned for more content on the App Developer site's tutorials section:

http://developer.ubuntu.com/resources/app-developer-cookbook/all-recipes/ (broken)


The problem here is that modern Git master version of mxnet do not have R-package sub-folder.
It was here until Jun 22, 2020. So one should use previous 1.8.0 version of the library.
So one needs to clone the v1.8.0 branch and then compile and install it. On my system I did this with commands shown below:
sudo apt-get install git

cd ~/Downloads
git clone --recursive https://github.com/apache/incubator-mxnet mxnet -b v1.8.x

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential git ninja-build ccache libopenblas-dev libopencv-dev cmake
sudo apt-get install -y nvidia-cuda-dev nvidia-cuda-gdb nvidia-cuda-toolkit nvidia-cuda-toolkit-gcc # Nvidia CUDA
sudo apt-get install -y libmkl-full-dev # MKL

cd mxnet
cmake .
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install

Then install R binding consulting with docs/static_site/src/pages/get_started
/ubuntu_setup.md locally or online:
sudo apt-get install -y r-base-core r-cran-devtools libcairo2-dev libxml2-dev libssl-dev

Inside R session execute install.packages("roxygen2") specifying user's library.
Then:
cd ~/Downloads/mxnet
cp libmxnet.so R-package/inst/libs/
make -f R-package/Makefile rpkg

To test the R package use:
Rscript -e 'library(mxnet);a <- mx.nd.ones(c(2,3), ctx = mx.cpu());b <- a * 2 + 1;b'
make -f R-package/Makefile rpkgtest


The problem is that you need nvm to be automatically sourced upon login, so either add the following line to your ~/.bashrc or ~/.profile file.

[[ -s $HOME/.nvm/nvm.sh ]] && . $HOME/.nvm/nvm.sh

Also nvm doesn't set any version of node automatically so if you just installed nvm and installed a node version and try to use node the next time you login, you get an error that command not found: node unless you use the nvm use versionnumber command in every terminal session, so Instead I suggest you to set a default alias so that a default version of node is active for every terminal session using the following command

nvm alias default versionnumber

PS: In the above commands version number denotes the version number of nodejs that you have already installed using nvm


Error changing Mac address of usb adapter

The error is:

SIOCSIFHWADDR: Operation not supported

which means that your module or hardware do not allow you to change the MAC address


Brightness won't change on Ubuntu 16.04 Macbook Air 13.3

Try to change the file brightness in both directories (interfaces) acpi_video0 and intel_backlight via the following command:

sudo bash -c "echo 5 > /sys/class/backlight/xxx/brightness;"

If one of the changes affects your backlight create (if not exists) /etc/X11/xorg.conf or better /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf and add the following lines where "xxx" belongs to your interface:

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "Card0"
    Driver      "intel"
    Option      "Backlight"  "xxx"
EndSection

Restart your computer and see if works now.
You can read also here.


Error found while loading /home/[username]/.profile

In terminal...

gedit .profile

change this:

mesg n || true

to this:

tty -s && mesg n || true

The .profile for the root account may require a similar (but slightly different) fix.


perl command: Prepend a line of text only at the first occurrence

Just count how often it got already matched and prefix it only on the first match:
perl -lpe 'print "prepend_me" if /^match$/ && ++$count == 1' text.txt


Check existing ufw firewall rules without enabling it

There is currently not a way to show the rules you have entered before enabling the firewall via the CLI command. You can inspect the rules files directly however. /lib/ufw/user*.rules contain the rules controlled via the 'ufw' CLI command. Eg

sudo grep '^### tuple' /lib/ufw/user*.rules

This will show output like the following

sudo grep '^### tuple' /lib/ufw/user*.rules
/lib/ufw/user6.rules:### tuple ### allow any 22 ::/0 any ::/0 in
/lib/ufw/user.rules:### tuple ### allow any 22 0.0.0.0/0 any 0.0.0.0/0 in

The 'tuple' is the shorthand used internally by ufw to keep track of rules

Or more detailed with

  sudo cat /lib/ufw/user.rules

*filter
:ufw-user-input - [0:0]
:ufw-user-output - [0:0]
:ufw-user-forward - [0:0]
:ufw-before-logging-input - [0:0]
:ufw-before-logging-output - [0:0]
:ufw-before-logging-forward - [0:0]
:ufw-user-logging-input - [0:0]
:ufw-user-logging-output - [0:0]
:ufw-user-logging-forward - [0:0]
:ufw-after-logging-input - [0:0]
:ufw-after-logging-output - [0:0]
:ufw-after-logging-forward - [0:0]
:ufw-logging-deny - [0:0]
:ufw-logging-allow - [0:0]
:ufw-user-limit - [0:0]
:ufw-user-limit-accept - [0:0]
### RULES ###

### tuple ### allow any 22 0.0.0.0/0 any 0.0.0.0/0 in
-A ufw-user-input -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-user-input -p udp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

### END RULES ###

### LOGGING ###
-A ufw-after-logging-input -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW BLOCK] " -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10
-A ufw-after-logging-forward -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW BLOCK] " -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10
-I ufw-logging-deny -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j RETURN -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10
-A ufw-logging-deny -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW BLOCK] " -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10
-A ufw-logging-allow -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW ALLOW] " -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10
### END LOGGING ###

### RATE LIMITING ###
-A ufw-user-limit -m limit --limit 3/minute -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW LIMIT BLOCK] "
-A ufw-user-limit -j REJECT
-A ufw-user-limit-accept -j ACCEPT
### END RATE LIMITING ###
COMMIT

Like I say "tuple" is rules witch you are set via cli, rest are the default rules, chains ...


Console doesn't show pretty UTF-8 characters in Shell

In your terminal try to set the character encoding to Unicode (UTF-8):


Syslog start logging in the morning! why?

If you would like to have your logs rotate at midnight every day, you'll need to make some changes to your /etc/crontab file. This is the basic structure that you'll find as part of a default installation:
...
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

# Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# |  |  |  |  |
# *  *  *  *  * user-name command to be executed
17 *    * * *   root    cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly
25 6    * * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily )
47 6    * * 7   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly )
52 6    1 * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly )

The daily actions happen at 6:25am, the weekly actions happen at 6:47am every Sunday, the monthly actions happen on the 1st at 6:52am. So, to modify the daily log rotation time, you will want to change:
25 6    * * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron ...

To:
 0 0    * * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron ...

Be sure to change just the numbers. Nothing else should be modified. Once this is complete, a reboot may be necessary just to ensure that the crontab is properly loaded.


Vim is still present and executable even after running apt remove and purge on its package

You uninstalled vim not vim. vim-tiny, vim-nox, vim-gtk, and vim-athena all provide vim compiled with different options.


How to request new driver for Intel 4th Generation?

Newer than the Intel official 4th Gen drivers ?
You'd need to register at their forum and then post your request there.


why nautilus will open automatically when kde loads?

Maybe ?

As default the KDE is trying to restore the previous session. KDE System Settings > Startup and Shutdown > Session management.

Try with the "Start with an empty session".

In other words, even though you close Nautilus before ending your KDE session. KDE is currently incapable of keeping track of this correctly and as such KDE will try to restore your Nautilus session even though it was closed before you ended your previous KDE session. This is a bug that will most likely not get fixed because of its low priority. So at present this is the only way to stop KDE from launching Nautilus at login.


Move a file to a directory requiring root permission

you can move the file in the terminal:
sudo mv $HOME/Downloads/<PLUGIN FOLDER> /usr/share/audacity/plug-ins


Run multiple websites on a single Ubuntu Server 15.10 using Apache2

Typically sites on Apache are handled through *.conf files in the /etc/apache2/sites-available directory. Here is an example from my server, which is hosting www.brownvpn.tk, www.browntech.tk, www.techyteen.tk, and a couple of others.

<VirtualHost *:80>
        # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
        # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
        # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
        # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
        # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
        # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
        # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.

        ServerName browntech.tk
        ServerAdmin your@email.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/html/tech
        # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
        # error, crit, alert, emerg.
        # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
        # modules, e.g.
        #LogLevel info ssl:warn

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

        # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
        # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
        # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
        # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
        # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
        #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^ https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,QSA,R=permanent]
</VirtualHost>

The comments are very helpful. Each file needs to be pretty much the same as this. However, you may want to remove the Rewrite lines if you don't have SSL enabled or you want to allow HTTP as well as HTTPS traffic. We see up at the top the two most important lines. ServerName and DocumentRoot. The ServerName field should be the domain that points to that DocumentRoot path. So, you will need two configuration files(four if you want www.domain1.com as well as domain1.com).

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available/
touch site1.conf
touch site2.conf

Then, in your preferred editor, copy and paste my example configuration file, making the two edits (three if you count setting it to your email, four if you take out those rewrite lines) into each of site1.conf and site2.conf.

sudo a2ensite site1 site2
sudo service apache2 restart

That will enable the two sites and redirect the URLs accordingly.


Updating from 9.04 to the newest version

There are two types of Ubuntu release:

Long Term Support (LTS herein) which are released every 2 years
Standard released every 6 months (when it's not an LTS release)

LTS releases can be upgraded to the next LTS or the next standard release. Standard releases can only upgrade to the next release.

9.04 was a standard release and the next LTS is 10.04. Your only upgrade path is:

9.04 → 9.10
9.10 → 10.04 LTS
10.04 LTS → 12.04 LTS (you could stop here)
12.04 LTS → 14.04 LTS (the current release)

The problem is 9.04, 9.10 and even 10.04 LTS are all so old that they're unsupported and their repositories (which you need to update with) have been shut off.

You can fight this and upgrade... But you'll need to do at least two upgrades to get to a supported release (12.04 LTS is supported until 2017). That's a fair amount of bandwidth and time.

I'd honestly be looking at downloading Ubuntu, "burning" the ISO to a USB stick and just reinstalling (after making sure 14.04 works on your system). You'll get the benefit of stock settings (rather than a hodge-podge you've been left with) and with a decent internet connection, the full process only takes about an hour. Much quicker than an upgrade


change 14.0.4 32 bit install to 14.0.4 64 bit

You can install alongside 32 bit, just select to use the same partitions, and don't format the main partition.  You will keep both installs, and they will share files.  You will be given an option in GRUB for 'advanced options for Ubuntu', under which will be the various kernel versions.  One will be 32 bit, another will be 64 bit.  64 bit will be the default.

I did this with 14.04 to 15.04.  There is no option to upgrade 14.04 to 15.04 without first upgrading to 14.10.  I just installed alongside, and didn't lose anything.  Not even configuration or newly installed apps.


Check if the handset is supported first. Having a quick look at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Devices this device does not seem to be supported.


ubuntu 20.04 LTS is not booting up after 2 days of working

I had a similar problem. My problem was the new update of the NVIDIA driver.
I tried many solutions. In the end, this was the best way to solve the problem:

Login in recovery mode.

Remove all NVIDIA packages.

Run:
ubuntu-drivers autoinstall


How do I create a LiveUSB that lets me install any Ubuntu version?

Up to now I think there are 2 possible ways:

Tweak the net-install process (I still don't know how to exactly do that)
More involved procedure:

Create a persistent linux install on the usb
Install GRUB2 on it
Save the .iso you want to install on the USB drive
Create a GRUB entry to boot the .iso to install
Boot the .iso and install the distro from there


Can I get man pages without installing the corresponding packages?

The dman command will automatically download a manual page to a temporary cache, and then show it. It's good for displaying manual pages for software that is not installed, though sometimes it doesn't work well, and you do have to wait for the manual page to download. (Manual pages are small though, so that doesn't usually take long.)

To get dman, install the bikeshed  package.

dman's own man page notes:

  Note that the network operations will be a little slower  than
  perhaps
         you  are  used  to, when reading a manpage.  Also note that you must be
         internet-connected, and able to  access  manpages.ubuntu.com  for  this
         utility  to  be  useful.   Finally,  the  algorithm  that  dman uses to
         retrieve remote pages is considerably simpler than that of man(1).

dman may appear to do nothing at all, if it's unable to find the manual page you're looking for (even sometimes when it should find it). And there's a small delay before and after manual pages are shown. But overall, it's a handy utility to have around, especially when you want to learn more about a program without installing it or switching to a web browser.


cant update software or connect to software servers (universe etc)

This means that you have another process downloading and installing programs. First try looking for something that may be updating/installing. If you can't find anything, rebooting your machine and starting again may help. However, if none of that works, try killing whichever process has lock, and then configuring any programs that may have downloaded but weren't installed.

sudo fuser -vki /var/lib/dpkg/lock; sudo dpkg --configure -a

Source
Note: Please read the source. It offers a lot of good information that you should know.


rsync back up of entire root system not working using --exclude?

I think you need add * after each sub dir such as /dev/* ...

rsync -aAXv --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} / /path/to/backup/folder


shell variable not exported from subshell?

A child cannot change the environment of the parent. You can export variables from parent to children, not vice versa.


I'm assuming that you are installing Ubuntu 16.04 and have already created free space on hard disk. Instead of going with options install alongside windows or LVM. I will suggest to go with something else  option.
Here is the video link you can refer for installation of ubuntu for something else option.
How To Install Ubuntu 16.04 LTS


How can I tell what version of Java I have installed?

The simplest way is:

update-java-alternatives -l shows you all the Java versions you have installed.

java -version shows you the Java version you are using.

java -showversion shows you the Java version you are using and help.

Normally it would be OpenJDK.


ubuntu 18.04 hp printer 2600 not working

Sir here is what happened when I tried to install hplip 3.18.7.

rick@rick-System-Product-Name:~$ sudo apt-get purge hplip hplip-data hplip-doc hplip-gui hpijs-ppds \libsane-hpaio printer-driver-hpcups printer-driver-hpijs
[sudo] password for rick:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package 'hplip' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'hplip-data' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'hplip-doc' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'libsane-hpaio' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'printer-driver-hpcups' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'printer-driver-hpijs' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'hpijs-ppds' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'hplip-gui' is not installed, so not removed
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
rick@rick-System-Product-Name:~$ sudo rm -rf /usr/share/hplip/
rick@rick-System-Product-Name:~$
rick@rick-System-Product-Name:~$ sudo apt-get autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
rick@rick-System-Product-Name:~$ wget https://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/project/hplip/hplip/3.18.7/hplip-3.18.7.run
--2018-10-04 11:32:29--  https://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/project/hplip/hplip/3.18.7/hplip-3.18.7.run
Resolving kent.dl.sourceforge.net (kent.dl.sourceforge.net)... 212.219.56.185
Connecting to kent.dl.sourceforge.net (kent.dl.sourceforge.net)|212.219.56.185|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 24310927 (23M) [application/x-makeself]
Saving to: ‘hplip-3.18.7.run.1’

hplip-3.18.7.run.1  100%[===================>]  23.18M  1.17MB/s    in 20s

2018-10-04 11:32:50 (1.15 MB/s) - ‘hplip-3.18.7.run.1’ saved [24310927/24310927]

rick@rick-System-Product-Name:~$ sh hplip-3.18.7.run
Creating directory hplip-3.18.7
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing HPLIP 3.18.7 Self Extracting Archive................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

HP Linux Imaging and Printing System (ver. 3.18.7)
HPLIP Installer ver. 5.1

Copyright (c) 2001-15 HP Development Company, LP
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
This is free software, and you are welcome to distribute it
under certain conditions. See COPYING file for more details.

Installer log saved in: hplip-install_Thu-04-Oct-2018_11:33:19.log

\
note: Defaults for each question are maked with a '*'. Press  to accept the default.
|Gtk-Message: 11:33:23.643: Failed to load module "canberra-gtk-module"
/Gtk-Message: 11:33:23.861: Failed to load module "canberra-gtk-module"

INSTALLATION MODE

Automatic mode will install the full HPLIP solution with the most common options.
Custom mode allows you to choose installation options to fit specific requirements.

Please choose the installation mode (a=automatic*, c=custom, q=quit) : a

INTRODUCTION

This installer will install HPLIP version 3.18.7 on your computer.
Please close any running package management systems now (YaST, Adept, Synaptic, Up2date, etc).

DISTRO/OS CONFIRMATION

Distro appears to be Ubuntu 18.04.

Is "Ubuntu 18.04" your correct distro/OS and version (y=yes*, n=no, q=quit) ? y

Initializing. Please wait...

ENTER USER PASSWORD

Please enter the sudoer (rick)'s password:

INSTALLATION NOTES

Enable the universe/multiverse repositories. Also be sure you are using the Ubuntu "Main" Repositories. See: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu for more information.  Disable the CD-ROM/DVD source if you do not have the Ubuntu installation media inserted in the drive.

Please read the installation notes. Press  to continue or 'q' to quit:

SECURITY PACKAGES

AppArmor is installed.
AppArmor protects the application from external intrusion attempts making the application secure

Would you like to have this installer install the hplip specific policy/profile (y=yes*, n=no, q=quit) ? y

RUNNING PRE-INSTALL COMMANDS

OK

MISSING DEPENDENCIES

Following dependencies are not installed. HPLIP will not work if all REQUIRED dependencies are not installed and some of the HPLIP features will not work if OPTIONAL dependencies are not installed.
Package-Name         Component            Required/Optional
cups                 base                 REQUIRED
Do you want to install these missing dependencies (y=yes*, n=no, q=quit) ? y

INSTALL MISSING REQUIRED DEPENDENCIES

note: Installation of dependencies requires an active internet connection.
warning: Missing REQUIRED dependency: cups (CUPS - Common Unix Printing System)

CHECKING FOR NETWORK CONNECTION

Network connection present.

RUNNING PRE-PACKAGE COMMANDS

sudo dpkg --configure -a (Pre-depend step 1)
sudo apt-get install --yes --force-yes -f (Pre-depend step 2)
sudo apt-get update (Pre-depend step 3)
OK

DEPENDENCY AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION

Running 'sudo apt-get install --assume-yes libcups2'
Please wait, this may take several minutes...
/Gtk-Message: 11:39:34.337: Failed to load module "canberra-gtk-module"
error: A required dependency 'cups (CUPS - Common Unix Printing System)' is still missing.

RUNNING POST-PACKAGE COMMANDS

OK

RE-CHECKING DEPENDENCIES

\Gtk-Message: 11:39:35.994: Failed to load module "canberra-gtk-module"
error: A required dependency 'cups (CUPS - Common Unix Printing System)' is still missing.
error: Installation cannot continue without this dependency.
error: Please manually install this dependency and re-run this installer.
rick@rick-System-Product-Name:~$


netplan config for two network interfaces

This works. I would rather the nameservers and gateway at a higher level so that they're not associated with one of the interfaces, but perhaps I'm missing something.

/etc/netplan/01-systemd-networkd.yaml

--

network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    enp0s3:
      addresses: [192.168.0.128/24]
      gateway4: 192.168.0.1
      nameservers:
        search: [yourdomain]
        addresses: [8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]
    enp0s8:
      addresses: [192.168.56.128/24]


While sudo alsactl store 0 stores the settings for card 0 you have to issue a sudo alsactl restore 0 to restore those saved settings. If you leave the card number off all cards will be affected.

Source: and further information man alsactl


Unblocking a wireless network adapter without the use of rfkill

The other adapter is difficult to impossible to get working. I suggest you remove it.

As for the Broadcom, with a temporary working internet connection, open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

Reboot and your wireless should be working. I believe your issue was firmware all along, not rfkill.

You need to install the firmware separately because it is proprietary and not open source so isn't included on the Ubuntu install media.


Nautilus: Make "Show folders before files" option persist?

This worked for me on Ubuntu 16.04:

dconf write /org/gnome/nautilus/preferences/sort-directories-first true


according to google, your laptop uses the Geforce 8400GS graphics card. Here's a link for the driver download: 64-bit http://www.nvidia.com/content/DriverDownload-March2009/confirmation.php?url=/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/295.40/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-295.40.run&lang=us&type=GeForce
32-bit: http://www.nvidia.com/content/DriverDownload-March2009/confirmation.php?url=/XFree86/Linux-x86/295.40/NVIDIA-Linux-x86-295.40.run&lang=us&type=GeForce

The installation is a bit tricky and unintuitive.

After you have logged in to your system please press ctrl+alt+f1
You will be dropped into a command line shell where you'll have to log in again (if you type in your password the screen will show no response it's supposed to be like that for security reasons).

After you have logged in please type

sudo killall lightdm
sudo stop lightdm

This is just to make sure that no instance of your display manager is running anymore. (which is causing the installation problem in graphical mode)

now change directory to your download folder (or whereever you have stored the nvidia driver setup)

cd /home/'your_username'/Downloads

(you'll obviously have to put in your real username and without the apostrophies)

To make the driver executable type

sudo chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86-295.40.run

and finally to run the installer

sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86-295.40.run

You will be guided through the installation process.
Please make sure you build an initial xconfig file (it's the last option in the installation dialog).

Now when everything is done, type

sudo reboot

to restart your computer. Your driver should now be installed correctly.


How do I fix my wireless network connection? It stopped searching for wireless connections

This is such an annoying problem... especially if you arent that smart with computers BUT this always seem to get it working for me http://howtofixstuff.blogspot.com/2012/01/how-to-fix-wireless-connection.html


Samsung SyncMaster 2033 Monitor Not working properly

For unknown reasons my older Samsung Sync Master monitor (not the same model as yours) does not work properly with the DVI connection to my Ubuntu server after every re-boot.

If I either cycle the power or depress the change input (between digital and analog) button, thereafter it works properly. (Including automatically detecting active digital video input and switching back to it.)


Multiple problems with my Dell Inspiron 15R SE 7520

These bugs are all already known.

The hotkey bug is an issue, with the brightness, there's no fix for it, and this happens on several different laptops and hardware configurations.

The battery use issue has been known with EVERY laptop.

And the fan control issues are already known.  You can control it with i8kutils (install it with sudo apt-get install i8kutils), however I have seen other posts that this may only work with "low" fan speed and "max" fan speed, which may not help the heating issues as much.

If anything, you need to report the brightness issue as a bug. However, there's no fixes available right now for these problems (some are inherent to the Linux kernel and drivers, and that's not something we can fix easily).

(I have the same hardware minus the SSD in my Inspiron 15R SE (7520).)


How can I get Mupen64 and my game saves on 12.04?

The emulator is on repositories. Click here or paste this on terminal: sudo apt-get install mupen64plus.


Configuring gmusicbrowser to copy now playing to X clipboard

I had to create a bash script

echo "${@}" | xclip -i -selection "clip-board"

and call it from the Now playing plugin

bash /home/ian/scripts/gmb-np.sh "%a - %t (from %l, %y)"


Yes. Follow the instructions as provided on the following page

https://developer.ubuntu.com/en/snappy/start/

Basically insert your SD card, make sure it is unmounted. Make sure you know what block device SD car is with lsblk and sudo blkid commands.

The three commands you will need are:

wget http://releases.ubuntu.com/15.04/ubuntu-15.04-snappy-armhf-bbb.img.xz

and

unxz -c ubuntu-15.04-snappy-armhf-bbb.img.xz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX bs=32M

And

sync

Finally take out your SD card and take beaglebone for the spin. I personally would connect it with ethernet cable attatched to the router, find out ip and ssh into it. Default username and password are both ubuntu

Couple things to remember:

snappy filesystem is by default mounted read-only. If had to remount to make changes in  /etc/
you may have to use wpa_supplicant , there is no network-manager on snappy.


Keyboard shortcut to type three backticks

It will work more reliably if you paste from the clipboard. Besides xdotool, you need xsel or xclip.

A oneliner that you can directly bind to a shortcut key in Settings - Devices - Keyboard is:

sh -c "echo -n '```' | xsel -b -i && sleep 0.3 && xdotool key Control_L+v"

Alternatively, you can use a small script that also saves and restores the current textual clipboard contents.

#!/bin/bash
OLDSELECT="$(xsel --clipboard --input)"
echo -n '```' | xsel -b -i
sleep 0.3s
xdotool key  --delay 0 Control_L+v
echo "$OLDSELECT" | xsel  --clipboard --input

To bind the script to a shortcut key:

Save the contents in a text file, e.g. ~/bin/backticks
Make the file executable
Bind it to a key by including the full pathname in the "Command" field of the "Set Custom Shortcut" dialog, e.g. /home/$USER/bin/backticks, where you substitute $USER by your actual login name.


I am on ubuntu 16.04 but other version should have similar tools.
Launch "Power statistics" app.
From the list on the left choose "Laptop battery" then choose "Statistics". There, from the drop-down menu for "graph type" you can select "charge / discharge accuracy". Mine shows a "Prediction accuracy vs cell charge" graph and clearly the prediction accuracy drops significantly when the cell charge exceeds 90 percent. Of course yours will be different than mine but the very fact that these graphs exist signals that this kind of a problem is common. The predictions are also bad when the cell charge is below 10 percent.
Hope this helps.


Version to Version Upgrades and bugs -- DNS errors

Comcast has a "service" which redirects you do a search page if the DNS request would fail otherwise. That way, they can show you ads and make profit. The huge downside is that every DNS request succeeds from your computer's point of view. Therefore, there is no clear fail on a DNS, which leads to problems.


I'd suspect some error in ~/.inputrc or /etc/inputrc. Those file are read even if you call Bash with --norc.


Battery life decreased drastically after upgrading to Ubuntu 18.04

First read this Ubuntu Help article about Power & battery

If not enought you may want to install TLP

TLP brings you the benefits of advanced power management for Linux
without the need to understand every technical detail. TLP comes with
a default configuration already optimized for battery life, so you may
just install and forget it. Nevertheless TLP is highly customizable to
fulfil your specific requirements.

Install TLP :

sudo apt install tlp tlp-rdw
sudo tlp start

Then customize suspend setting : System Settings -> Power -> Suspend & Power Button.


First go and download and burn Ubuntu ISO image onto a CD/DVD disc.
Then take the disc to your Ubuntu PC and boot from it.
Next, click ‘Install Ubuntu’
Then click ‘Continue’  Since your Internet connection is not reliable, you probably don’t want to download updates while upgrading Ubuntu. It may just add more delays to the process.
Next, choose the 2nd option shown below (Upgrade Ubuntu 12.04 to Ubuntu 14.04 LTS) and click ‘Install Now’
Make sure to use the same username and password you’re currently using on this screen and click ‘Continue’
Wait for the upgrade to complete and click ‘Restart Now’ when you see the screenshot shown.
That’s it! All your documents and folders should stay intact after upgrading.

Enjoy!


How do you uninstall software added from the internet?

If the software came in a .deb file (as I believe Chrome does), you should be able to remove it with "dpkg -r package-name"


Why does the output format of time vary depending on how I call it

The first one is the bash's own builtin keyword time (compiled with bash), and the second one is the external executable time (/usr/bin/time, comes with the time package).

Also, which can't show the shell's builtin commands or keywords as it just searches through PATH, you need to use type for that. Being a shell builtin itself, type can additionally check for shell's internal entities (and also PATH), so you can spot the difference by:

type -a time

Here:

$ type -a time
time is a shell keyword
time is /usr/bin/time

The first one will be executed if you just use time. You can also get which is being executed by just using type (without -a):

type time

The -a tells type to search in shell's internal entities and also in PATH i.e. search in all possible sources.

If for some reason you need the external one, use any one of:

\time
"time"
'time'
command time


According to this website, that camera will work out of the box. You should just be able to plug it in and use it.

You can test it out by installing the program Cheese, available from the Ubuntu Software Center.

A more recent post (2014) states that the camera works perfectly fine on 12.04.


systemd service run on wireless network connect

You can use a Network Manager dispatcher script to hook to the interface's up and down events.

sudo touch /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/00do_stuff
sudo chmod u+x /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/00do_stuff

The script could go something along these lines:

#!/bin/sh
if [ $1 = wlp3s0f0 -a $2 = up -a $CONNECTION_ID = wlan ]; then
    # do stuff
fi

man networkmanager explains that if a dispatcher script runs for too long the script is killed at some point, so if that's a possibility it's better to fork another script to run the task:

#!/bin/sh
if [ $1 = wlp3s0f0 -a $2 = up -a $CONNECTION_ID = wlan ]; then
    (/home/user/scripts/do_stuff.sh) & disown
fi

Network Manager runs all the scripts in /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d in alphabetical order each time certain events are triggered, passing the interface and the event as arguments.

$CONNECTION_ID is made available to the script through the environment, and in this case it's checked to make sure we're connected to the using the right connection profile as reported by man networkprofile (Not sure exactly what implications this has. In my case it works fine if I check $CONNECTION_ID against my SSID, but I'm not sure what would happen if this happened to match the name of another wired connection profile).


Ubuntu freezes on login after prime-select intel

I finally did it.

1.- Make a folder to store the SSDT files. Then extract it from the ACPI tables (run this part as root):

# mkdir dsdt
# cd dsdt
# SSDT_FILES=`ls /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/ | grep SSDT`
# for file in $SSDT_FILES ; do cat "/sys/firmware/acpi/tables/$file" > "$file.dat"; done
# cat /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/DSDT > DSDT.dat

2.- Make sure you have IASL installed. On ubuntu, sudo apt install iasl should suffice. I downloaded the source and compiled it myself to get the latest version, but I don't think thats necessary.

3.- There's a duplicate definition in one SSDT file which won't let us dissassemble it. Find out which one it is and delete it:

# grep PRT0 *.dat
Binary file DSDT.dat matches
Binary file SSDT1.dat matches
# mv SSDT1.dat SSDT1.bak

So in my case it is SSDT1. Replace it with whatever you get. Do not touch DSDT.dat

4.- Next, we find the SSDT file with the code we need to change. We look for the file with both "NVID" and "OSYS" are present: (There's probably a better way to do this in grep)

# grep NVID *.dat
Binary file SSDT10.dat matches
Binary file SSDT3.dat matches
# grep OSYS SSDT10.dat
# grep OSYS SSDT3.dat
Binary file SSDT3.dat matches

So in my case it was SSDT3, if its different you replace all further instances of SSDT3 with whatever you get.

5.- Disassemble!

# iasl -e *.dat -d SSDT3.dat

6.- Hopefully you don't see any errors at this point. Replace all instances of OSYS except the declaration with the constant for Windows 7, and bump the definition block number by one:

# sed -i '/^ *External/! s/OSYS/0x07D9/g' SSDT3.dsl
# sed -i '/^ *DefinitionBlock/ s/0x00001000/0x00001001/g' SSDT3.dsl

If you have a different BIOS, the Definition Block number might not be 1000. Just open SSDT3.dsl in a text editor and look for DefinitionBlock. Whatever number you see on that line, increment it by one.

7.- Compile everything and hope there are no errors.

# iasl -ve -tc -p SSDT3 SSDT3.dsl

8.- Make an image:

# mkdir -p kernel/firmware/acpi
# cp SSDT3.aml kernel/firmware/acpi/ssdt3.aml
# find kernel | cpio -H newc --create > acpi_gpufix

8.- All the following instructions corresponding to Ubuntu and GRUB2. Copy it to the boot folder. the initrd.img it's your default img from boot folder:

# cp acpi_gpufix /boot/

you can permanently add it to your GRUB by editing /etc/grub.d/10_linux. I had to change the line initrd ${rel_dirname}/${initrd} to initrd ${rel_dirname}/acpi_gpufix ${rel_dirname}/${initrd}. Then run update-grub2.

UPDATE:
Now GRUB support extra initrd: GRUB_EARLY_INITRD_LINUX_CUSTOM=acpi_gpufix.img to your /etc/default/grub

9.- To check if it works:

$ dmesg | grep ACPI | grep override
[    0.000000] ACPI: Table Upgrade: override [SSDT-PegSsd- PegSsdt]
[    0.000000] ACPI: SSDT 0x000000007A715080 Physical table override, new table: 0x0000000079493000

Now you can change the GPU wihtout freezes

source:

https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/issues/764#issuecomment-306543064
https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/1012369/linux/laptop-freezes-changing-video-cards


Partition installation issues.How to install ubuntu on 3TB drive with pre-installed Windows 7.

Huckle wrote this in comments (and this much better than no answer at all!):

  MBR can have at most 4 primary partitions. You seem to describe 6 so I
  am guessing that primary #4 houses 5 and 6 which are logical
  partitions. But generally 'unallocated' means not part of a partition
  so I'm not sure how you could have two of them in a row (that'd just
  be one continuous unallocated region) so I'm going to assume that 5
  and 6 unformatted as opposed to unallocated. Acronis is a good
  program, but as mentioned it will run into issues with 3 TB drives due
  to the age of the MBR system.

– Huckle Apr 18 '12 at 4:33

  What you want is to format the drive in the new standard called GUID
  Partition Table (GPT for short). Linux and Mac OSX will boot this
  natively, Windows needs to be 'tricked' into doing it. This is
  possible because the GPT structure exists within the MBR structure, so
  Windows can continue to think it is on a MBR disk, and all other OSes
  are fine with the fact that it is really GPT. There are many good
  guides on how to do this, but it is a requirement to use gparted as
  Acronis will not align the GPT and MBR records properly.

– Huckle Apr 18 '12 at 4:36

Anyone may of course feel free to expand this, or to post their own answers, further illustrating these principles and techniques.


Bind Ctrl+Right to nextword in nano (as it is in all other apps)

Sadly, I don't think this is possible. I've found a thread where a nano developer said:

    Hi, I've searched high and low trying to find out if it's possible to
    navigate through the text with CTRL left/right-key to jump word by
    word...

  Unfortunately, no.  Meta-Space and Ctrl-Space are the only keys to do
  that.  This is because in text mode, there's no way for nano to tell
  the  difference between Ctrl-Left and Left and between Ctrl-Right and
  Right.

On another, he added:

  because I figure that nano should work the same way  under both X
  terminals and the console, and I have yet to find a console  that can
  distinguish between [arrow key] and Ctrl-[arrow key].  I do  wish that
  wasn't the case...


Try editing /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld and adding the lines:

/proc/*/status r,
/sys/devices/system/node/ r,
/sys/devices/system/node/node0/meminfo r,

Your journalctl -xe output is cut off, so I can only guess the files it is trying to access. The names of the files and directories it wants to access comes after the name=" part. You can always repost your output of journalctl -xe, and I can help you further.

2 things to note with the AppArmor config file. The r, at the end of the line gives read access. The / at the end of line two indicates you are giving read access to a directory, not just a file.

Finally, let's restart a couple of things :

sudo service apparmor reload
sudo service mysql restart

P.S., your /var/log/syslog may provide additional information about what files MySQL and AppArmor are having trouble with.

P.P.S., this article by Jeremy Smyth may be useful to you. It suggests a couple of other methods to fix/diagnose your problem that I have not covered here.


A MAAS cluster is for mass-deploying individual nodes that you deploy services onto, there is no compute sharing between MAAS nodes.


samba: create mask & force create mode can't set group write bit

SOLVED (seems to be)

The problem was in the obey PAM restrictions parameter. By default it is turned off, and I could not remember why I turned it on. The SAMBA config was partially taken from older installation may be I had reasons to be obeyant there :-)

When it is ON, then SAMBA-created files are under UMASK restrictions. I don't know, if it is correctable via login defaults (what is the user?), but umask command gives me "0022" which means "u+a g-w o-w".

Hope, it will help to someone with similar problem.


Is it possible to round the bottom corners of windows?

NO,

it is somewhat possible, but they aren't really simple rounded corners. you need to add a noticeable border for the corners to show, I've been looking for this feature (adding rounded corners without an added border) and to my knowledge no window manager allows you to do so.


Using autofs with sshfs: "no such file or directory" error

Pay special attention to the manual page you referenced regarding 'copy your private key to /root/.ssh/" -- I received the same "no such file or directory" error until I added the private key. Once the key was added to /root/.ssh, my automount worked perfectly.


Foxit Reader on Wine runs but does not install?

It appears that FoxIt have designed the windows version to act like its "portable" version if it detects the "setup.exe" running under Wine.

This means that it doesnt need to be 'installed'.  You can create a Launcher if you

Right-click on your desktop.
In the Command Line entry Browse to where the setup.exe was downloaded.
Then amend the entry to look like the following:

Similarly (if using Lucid or Maverick),

right-click the menu in the top panel and choose the option "edit menu".
Locate where you want to locate the new menu option and create the new menu option using the same Command Line entry as in the screen-shot.

If you want to use the Windows Foxit Reader automatically when you double click a .pdf file then the instructions are very similar:

Right click the PDF and choose the option "Open with other application"
Use the Command Line syntax as above but append \"z:%f\" i.e. it should look like:

Remember to leave the check box "Remember this application.." ticked


How to run a php file after installing LAMP in ubuntu 11.10?

The equivalent folder in Ubuntu should be /var/www, unless you changed it yourself. This directory is (by default) defined in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default, in the line that begins with the word DocumentRoot.


This is quite a useful guide on how to use the "something else" function that Ravan is talking about: Answer


How can I fix a Google Earth 6.2 installation that went bad?

come now... that's one you could've found yourself ;)

sudo apt-get install --reinstall google-earth

try as well

sudo dpkg --list | grep earth


Will I loose all the non-default packages if I upgrade from 11.10 to 12.04 using a Live CD/DVD?

Most likely you'll lose the multiverse and the restricted packages but you can install them again. If you are trying that upgrade with a "live CD" then you can't. Though if you have the alternate iso, then you could avoid wasting a CD by mounting the ISO as a drive with a command like:

sudo mkdir -p /media/cdrom
sudo mount -o loop ~/Desktop/ubuntu-11.10-alternate-i386.iso /media/cdrom

Then to start the upgrade enter:

gksu "sh /media/cdrom/cdromupgrade"


Startup time from systemd-analyze blame does not add up

Systemd tries to parallelize startup — search for parallel.

This means that if unit A takes 10 secs and B 12 secs the "total" could be anything from 12 to 22 secs.


How do I get Unity to minimize windows individually, not in groups

I assume that you want each minimized window to get an own icon in the panel.

As far as my experience goes (and I greatly agree that this is a definite usability lack) unity itself is not capable of it. However another dock I used previously (avant-window-navigator) will do this for you and even display the pdf-preview images for each icon.
Whenever I have such a task to do, I launch awn additionally. It also features auto-hiding and workspace seperation, so you can have all the open PDFs on one workspace.

Another feasible workaround for the specific instance would be to have tabs in the pdf-viewer, but until evince supports this (already requested), you would have to use a different viewer.


How to uninstall gmail app? (Ubuntu 12.10)

Run sudo apt-get --purge remove unity-webapps-gmail


http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man2/nice.2.html

Nice allows you to change the priority of a process.

e.g

nice 19 yourprogram

Would run yourprogram with the lowest priority, meaning that it will only run when no other [higher] processes are running.