Cannot see boot options after editing grub background

The detailed instructions for resetting GRUB is here. Read this carefully and proceed with caution.

The basic steps are as follows:

chroot as before and copy resolv.conf (may be needed to connect to the internet).

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt && sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev && sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc && sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys && sudo mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts && sudo chroot /mnt

sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf
Confirm Internet connection. Without it GRUB cannot be reinstalled
and you will have a unbootable system.

sudo apt-get update
Purge grub. This will remove GRUB and the config files.

sudo apt-get purge grub grub-pc grub-common
Install GRUB again.

sudo apt-get install grub-common grub-pc

Reinstall the grub packages.

Here is what will happen:

You will be given the opportunity to add extra kernel options to the
kernel line. If you don't know, you probably don't need them ; TAB to highlight "OK" and press ENTER.
Read the installation notes. TAB to "OK" to continue.
When presented with the device option, use the UP/DN keys to select
the correct drive (sdX).
Make sure the installation drive /dev/sdX has an asterisk (*) (or a red spot like in the image below) next to  it.
If it doesn't, highlight it by Up Arrow or Down Arrow and press
the Space Bar to select it (= Just highlighting it with the up/down arrows is not enough to select it, you have to add that asterisk/dot - depending on the type of terminal - by pressing Space Bar.)

Do not select a partition ( example: [ ] /dev/sda5 , etc).
TAB to "OK" and press ENTER. When it has finishing the
installation, you should have Grub 2 installed.

Hope this helps.


Install 12.10 - It has shopping and the music store in the Unity lens.


EDIT: Ubuntu 14.04 sort of supports high resolution screens and allows you to scale the panel and launcher with a simple slider under System Settings -> Displays. It's still a bit buggy: it doesn't work for some apps like Spotify doesn't scale and Thunderbird don't scale icons and the content of the emails.

So while Ubuntu took a giant leap forward, the below solution is still the only fully functioning way of scaling everything on Ubuntu.

You can scale everything with xrandr but the result is not as pretty as it could be if there was true high resolution support.

To scale your resolution, first find the name of your display with xrandr:

lars:~$ xrandr
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1366 x 768, maximum 1600 x 1600
LVDS connected 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 344mm x 194mm
   1366x768       60.0*+
   1280x768       60.0 +
   1280x720       60.0 +
   1024x768       60.0 +
   1024x600       60.0 +
   800x600        60.0 +
   800x480        60.0 +
   720x480        60.0 +
   640x480        60.0 +
DFP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
CRT1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

So, in my case my laptop display is called LVDS.

Then run the following to scale your resolution:

xrandr --output LVDS --scale 0.75x0.75

The Launcher and Panel might disappear for a moment, but just hover your cursor over them and they should reappear. You might also have to resize any open windows so that they fit the smaller resolution.

I wish there was true high resolution support that was this easy to configure. Sadly even GNOME 3.10 seems to only support changing the font size, even though GNOME handles that a lot better than Unity.


Is it possible to use Android TV as the second monitor?

Your TV must have an HDMI port. You can certainly connect your laptop to the TV with a HDMI cable.


You can find your phpmyadmin files in /usr/share/phpmyadmin directory.

If you really want the files in /var/www/phpmyadmin use the following command:

cd /var/www && sudo ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin phpmyadmin


Why do I have the Ubuntu OS although I uninstalled it?

You need to correct MBR entry.
Im long time  not using win but in theory you should boot your win installation disc go to repair than from command prompt issue a command to correct mbr
or even easier you can use programs  like EasyBcD to correct your win bootloader. Such programs offer a GUI approach to correct MBR entries, thus easier to use.


Switch user on live session gives "no passwd entry"

The UID of the files' owner might be different from 1000, which is the uid of the first user created. You can use the stat command to determine it. You can:

use sudo -i to become root (no password needed on live session) and access all the files. The simplest option.
chown the files to UID 1000 - might be time consuming depending on the number of files.
add a user with UID same as that of the files (say 1001):

sudo adduser --uid 1001 foo

Then switch to that user.


hi there i want to record audio and video using my ubuntu computer. Im a beginner, where do I start?

Check out Open Broadcaster Software, also known as OBS.
Features include:

High performance real time video/audio capturing and mixing. Create scenes made up of multiple sources including window captures, images, text, browser windows, webcams, capture cards and more.

Intuitive audio mixer with per-source filters such as noise gate, noise suppression, and gain. Take full control with VST plugin support.

Set up an unlimited number of scenes you can switch between seamlessly via custom transitions.

Powerful and easy to use configuration options. Add new Sources, duplicate existing ones, and adjust their properties effortlessly.

Streamlined Settings panel gives you access to a wide array of configuration options to tweak every aspect of your broadcast or recording.

Modular 'Dock' UI allows you to rearrange the layout exactly as you like. You can even pop out each individual Dock to its own window.

OBS supports all your favorite streaming platforms and more.

You can find OBS and install it using the GUI software center...
Or you can use apt to install the package  obs-studio:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install obs-studio


Installing ubuntu-no option to install with windows 10

I found out why I was having trouble seeing "free space" in "something else."
Back when I looked in Windows Disk management, I saw that I had 5 partitions, which is for some reason (unsure the reason why) to have free space an option when in "something else."

One reason that I had so many partitions, is I bought my laptop with windows 7 pre-installed. Then I bought windows 8, and finally upgraded to windows 10 from there. Interestingly, there was no windows 8 partition, but separate partitions a windows 7 launcher and windows 10 launcher within the "something else". Also, which made things a challenge, my files were mainly stored in within the C: which had windows 7 launcher on it. And so I didn't delete C:, but had to delete other partitions that allowed for free space to install linux.


Yes, you can create accomplishments for games. From The Guide to Creating Your Accomplishments (emphasis added):

  Q: Why would I want to create accomplishments?

  ...

  Because you want a new application to be supported by Accomplishments System (for example: a new game).
  Because you want to create a new collection of accomplishments designed for your community.

See the Accomplishments wiki/documentation for more details, including how the accomplishments system recognises an accomplishment as being acheived (you write a Python script for each accomplishment). Note that most of the guidelines and ideas are centered around learning how to use Ubuntu rather than games.


How do I remove log out, reboot, and shut down from GNOME shell application list?

If we talking about these gray colored icons:

then they are provided by session-shortcuts package.

We can hide them by copying to current user settings folder and then adding property NoDisplay=true here:

mkdir -p ~/.local/share/applications/
cp /usr/share/applications/{logout,reboot,shutdown}.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/
echo "NoDisplay=true" | tee -a ~/.local/share/applications/{logout,reboot,shutdown}.desktop > /dev/null

then logout (and login again) or reboot.


Complementary from the other answer, if you do not want to re-install ubuntu, you can again restart using the Ubuntu Live cd/usb and in try ubuntu, you can use gparted and resize your ubuntu partition to the space required. See more details in here


Python 3.5 has just been released, can I get it as a package for Ubuntu 15.4?

Before Ubuntu adds python 3.5 to the official repositories you have two options to install it now :

Check if someone has come with a PPA containing python 3.5 so that you can install/remove it using apt-get or other package manager
Install from source

As fas as i can see there is no such PPA available till date so your only option is to install from source file.

You have said :

  I don't want to do an old-school source install because that can make
  it harder to uninstall when the official packages come out.

Perhaps you have not heard of checkinstall yet, it creates a package out of the files that are going to be saved on different places in your computer at the last step of compiling a package from source (sudo make install). So you just need to replace sudo make install with sudo checkinstall and then you can remove the package you named using any package manager in the usual manner.

Check man checkinstall to get more idea.

Update:

A PPA is now available. Check this answer.


Installed 12.04, now case fans don't work

If you're using fans powered by the 4-pin molex connectors, and they aren't coming on at all, then there is a problem with your power supply I would suspect, or the fans themselves. In fact, I would be surprised for you to have anything powering on at that point.

It is a hardware issue, unrelated to Ubuntu.


I haven't looked up that specific model; however, assuming that it is an Advanced Format model, you should use your partitioning software to view the start points of all the partitions and verify that they're all multiples of 8. (The extended partition, if you've got one, is an exception to this rule; don't worry about it's alignment, since it's irrelevant.) For instance:

$ sudo fdisk -lu /dev/sda

Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x8e0cb6b5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1              63    20033054    10016496   27  Unknown
/dev/sda2        20033055   103699574    41833260    7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda3   *   103699575   249907139    73103782+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5       103699638   131781194    14040778+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda6       131781258   183992444    26105593+   b  W95 FAT32
/dev/sda7       183992508   187076924     1542208+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda8   *   187076988   187398224      160618+  83  Linux
/dev/sda9       187398288   249907139    31254426   8e  Linux LVM

This example is from a non-Advanced Format disk, and it is not properly aligned -- /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2 both begin on sectors with odd numbers, and so can't be divisible by 8. (/dev/sda3 also begins on an odd-numbered sector, but as it's an extended partition, this fact is irrelevant for this partition.) I haven't bothered to check the others, but a few seconds with a calculator would reveal their status. Since this disk isn't an Advanced Format model, this isn't a problem; but if it were such a disk, performance could be significantly degraded.

If you find that your disk is improperly aligned, you may be able to move/resize the offending partition(s), or it may be easier to start over again, since it sounds like you've just installed Ubuntu. Generally speaking, recent versions of Ubuntu (and other Linux distributions) set things up correctly by default, so if your partitions aren't properly aligned, you may want to consider why that's the case. For instance, if you set up your partitions with an old version of fdisk, it wouldn't use the new alignment rules and so might produce something like I've shown above. If that's the case, use a newer tool or learn to set up the partitions with proper alignment using the old tool.


Copied Ubuntu 18 to new partition, but it does not start

Try:

Creating a startup disk using boot-repair-disk

Or:

Create an ubuntu startup disk and reinstall grub2 using these instructions


MSI Laptop rt3090 Wireless LAN hard blocked, how do I unblock it?

OP Posted:

  I tried all the options available in various forums, but it turned out to be a very peculiar issue. There indeed is a Fn + F8 key combo for this but it wouldn't work. I opened the terminal for checking something else and pressed the Fn + F8 keys and surprise! The Wireless LAN turned on! So, the issue here is The Fn key combination works when we are in the terminal mode and does not work in other (GUI) windows.


Ubuntu 12.10 trouble Installing Netbeans 7.3 and JAVA ME 32 bit

From the netbeans forum:

  Post subject:
  Setting Up Netbeans for java ME installation question

  Reply:
  If you use the packages from netbeans.org then you can install different NetBeans versions side-by-side. Newer version even
  try to import settings and plugins from the previous version.

By markiewb


I can not access my files and other data which is in Ubuntu installation drive

You cannot access the data on your Ubuntu partition because windows does not know how to read ext3/ext4 partitions. To teach it how please read this article.


How can I automatically rotate/archive my bash history logs?

#!/bin/sh
# This script creates monthly backups of the bash history file. Make sure you have
# HISTSIZE set to large number (more than number of commands you can type in every
# month). It keeps last 200 commands when it "rotates" history file every month.
# Typical usage in a bash profile:
#
# HISTSIZE=90000
# source ~/bin/history-backup
#
# And to search whole history use:
# grep xyz -h --color ~/.bash_history.*
#

KEEP=200
BASH_HIST=~/.bash_history
BACKUP=$BASH_HIST.$(date +%y%m)

if [ -s "$BASH_HIST" -a "$BASH_HIST" -nt "$BACKUP" ]; then
  # history file is newer then backup
  if [[ -f $BACKUP ]]; then
    # there is already a backup
    cp -f $BASH_HIST $BACKUP
  else
    # create new backup, leave last few commands and reinitialize
    mv -f $BASH_HIST $BACKUP
    tail -n$KEEP $BACKUP > $BASH_HIST
    history -r
  fi
fi

Taken from Never lost your bash history again on  "https://lukas.zapletalovi.com".


Some ACPI BIOS have been know to be buggy in linux and this may not work with all systems. I do believe hibernation is disabled by default with ubuntu flavors. Check and make sure the file /etc/default/grub contains the resume parameter in the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT= near the beginning of the file. To quickly check, from a terminal type:

head -n 15 /etc/default/grub

The line should read something like this example:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash resume=UUID=26623446-028a-415d-e685-8adc53740282"

If your resume value instead contains resume=/dev/sda1, I would suggest changing that to a UUID number. The device identifier "/dev/sda1" is not always persistent and could possibly change when a new drive is introduced to the system. The UUID will remain unique. To find the UUID# of your swap partition:

lsblk -o +uuid | grep -i swap

As a good habit, make a backup copy of the original file before changing.

sudo cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/~grub.bak.`date '+%Y-%m-%d'`

If you have made any changes to the /etc/default/grub file, you will need to  update the grub configuration:

sudo update-initramfs -u

Read the output and confirm that initramfs resume hook is pointing to the correct partition.
Then

sudo update-grub

Then try to hibernate system:

sudo systemctl hibernate

If system immediately resumes then login and read dmesg to see any recent [PM] errors and look over the logs again to find what may be the issue.


viewing ip address table of a belkin router

You can see all address on LAN using a command

sudo arp-scan -l

Maybe you need to install arp-scan. Output will be like this

xxxxx@xxxxx ~ $ sudo arp-scan -l
Interface: eth0, datalink type: EN10MB (Ethernet)
Starting arp-scan 1.8.1 with 256 hosts (http://www.nta-monitor.com/tools/arp-scan/)
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 6c:62:6d:ce:71:0c   Micro-Star INT'L CO., LTD
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 00:26:18:e4:a5:a4   ASUSTek COMPUTER INC.
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 6c:62:6d:ce:84:8b   Micro-Star INT'L CO., LTD
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 00:30:4f:18:b1:52   PLANET Technology Corporation
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 00:25:22:e4:31:29   ASRock Incorporation
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 6c:62:6d:ce:84:93   Micro-Star INT'L CO., LTD
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 74:d4:35:0a:6d:38   (Unknown)
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 00:1f:d0:67:40:65   GIGA-BYTE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.

Based on this you can figured which pc have which ip.


Run this in terminal:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources current 0

Here "o" (zero) is the first layout, for other layout you have to change numbers in increasing order - 1,2,etc. So for your second layout you should run:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources current 1


Ubuntu 12.04 freezes during install on Compaq Presario V2000

I found it necessary to add the following boot parameters:

sdhci.blacklist=yes sdhci_pci.blacklist=yes mmc0.blacklist=yes mmc_core.blacklist=yes b43.blacklist=yes

That is, power on, after BIOS prompt disappears, hit Esc, in the GRUB menu hit e, add the above boot parameters in place of quiet splash, and hit F10.

Once the system comes up, add blacklist sdhci, etc. at end of /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf and then execute sudo update-grub and sudo update-initramfs -u.

Source: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2009830 (this post)

To make wifi work, see this community documentation wiki page.


How do I get this freezing issue fixed on Ubuntu 16.04 and 17.04?

You have three existing problems... maybe more...

your file system has corruption (evidenced by the fsck messages in syslog)
onboard is failing (evidenced by the onboard messages in syslog)

Update:

You have Bay Trail processors, and there's a fix for the freezes. See System freezes completely with Intel Bay Trail

Lets first check your file system for errors.

To check the file system on your Ubuntu partition...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

Then I would completely purge (not just uninstall) all 3 components of onboard, and then reinstall it. Either use Synaptic ("complete removal") to do this, or use sudo apt-get purge or sudo dpkg -P commands in the terminal.


How do I install the Profanity XMPP client on Ubuntu 12.04 Precise Pangolin?

Building libstrophe from source worked. The full commands to build profanity on Ubuntu 12.04 are:

# Install repo dependencies
sudo apt-get -y install git automake autoconf libssl-dev libexpat1-dev libncursesw5-dev libglib2.0-dev libnotify-dev libcurl3-dev libxss-dev libotr2-dev libtool libexpat1-dev

# Install libstrophe
mkdir -p ~/.local/src/libstrophe
cd ~/.local/src/libstrophe
git clone https://github.com/strophe/libstrophe.git .
git checkout 0.8.7 # adapt to new version
mkdir m4
./bootstrap.sh
./configure
make
sudo make install

# install profanity
mkdir -p ~/.local/src/profanity
cd ~/.local/src/profanity
git clone https://github.com/boothj5/profanity.git .
git checkout 0.4.5 # adapt to current version
mkdir m4
./bootstrap.sh
./configure
make
sudo make install


Trying to emulate CS:GO in wine, but my PC is not having any of it

I experienced a similar problem with doom3 compiled from source.  I found on a forum that killing pulseaudio solved the problem.  It might be the same problem.  Try killing pulse and seeing if that solves your problem.  CS can run natively, so it should use ALSA if nothing else is available.

Be careful with killing pulse though.  At one point, it put my sound card in an inconsistent state, and it didn't work at all for a while.  I don't remember how I fixed it.


How to tell thunar to stop using my device?

If you know that the media device is synchronised (there're no outstanding writes), then use the -f switch to umount (force unmount).

From the unmount man page, the -l switch does a "lazy" unmount, which detaches the filesystem now, and cleans up all references later.

sudo umount -f /media/KINGSTON

or

sudo umount -l /media/KINGSTON


You need to install the kubuntu-desktop package for the full install.
The GUI method would be to click this button:

(source: hostmar.co)
The command line method would be:
sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

Then the next time you login you can choose what to use from the login screen (under Session).


Picard is an amazing program, highly recommend it. +1 to ssweeny's rec.

However, if you just want to rewrite all existing tags, I think Ex Falso (apt link) and id3convert (apt) will better suit your needs. You might be able to do this all in Ex Falso, but I like knowing the original tags were removed.

Incidentally, Ex Falso has a plugin to tag via MusicBrainz just like Picard.

Process

Use Ex Falso to rename all your files using the fields you want to keep (tip: hit "Preview", then "Save").
Delete all your tags: find . -type f -iname '*.mp3' -exec id3convert -s {} \;
Check to see tags are really gone: id3info example.mp3
Use Ex Falso to retag based on the file names or MusicBrainz.


The same as you would anything else:

Right click it, Properties, Permissions, check the "Allow executing file as program" box. Then double click the file.
Or chmod +x file; ./file


Try this,
awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=","} NR==FNR{s[$1]++} NR>FNR{print s[$1],$0}' csvfile csvfile \
| sort -n | cut -d, -f2-

awk will count number of occurrences of first field (s[$1]++) and then adds it (print s[$1],$0 to the rows). (Note, that awk needs to read the file twice).
sort -n will sort the result
cut -d, -f2- will remove the number again.


From your superuser account create a new superuser account.   The easy way to do this is using the User Manager Application in your X-windows desktop. (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AddUsersHowto)  Just fillin the blanks and check the Administrator box.
Exit the User Manager Application and close all other open windows.  Log out of your user account and log in to the New Super User account using the standard login application that comes with your desktop.  (you may have to fill in the account name for first time use.)
As the New Super User, login to a terminal and enter the following commands:  (You can probably use the File Manager Application but my system is based on the i7 CPU and an M.2 NVMe SSD that is 90 times faster than most.  I am sorry you just can't be sure there was not a hick-up in the mouse drag and drop.)

3.a Change to the root home folder:  cd /home

3.b. Create a backup of your home folder:  sudo cp /home/MyUserName /home/MyUserName.bak

3.c Create your new home folder location and delete the old home folder:       sudo cp /home/MyUserName
/media/MyUserName/MyDisk/MyUserName    &&  sudo rm -R
/home/MyUserName

3.d Change your user name profile to the new home folder:    sudo usermod -d /media/MyUserName/MyDisk/MyUserName MyUserName

3.e Change the user owner and group to your user name and group:    sudo chown -R MyUserName:MyUserName
media/MyUserName/MyDisk/MyUserName

3.f  Create a link in the root home folder to your new folder:    sudo ln -s /media/MyUserName/MyDisk/MyUserName /home/MyUserName
&&    sudo chown -R MyUserName:MyUserName /home/MyUserName
You may want to verify each of the commands after each execution.  My personal favorite terminal command to verify security/owner information of files and links all at once is: ls -ltr path/folder. You can verify from the File Application as well (restart may be needed first).
Exit all open windows and log out of the New Super User account.
Log back in to your account and verify that the link works and the      system home folder has changed.
Optionally, delete the new superuser account and the backup copy.


Issues in installing Popcorn Time 32bit in Ubuntu 14.04LTS

Just run the Popcorn-Time executable file from the terminal. You don't have to install anything.

First go to the directory where you have extracted the downloaded *.tar.gz file. Lets say I have extracted the files in my Desktop. So

me@my-pc:~$ cd ~/Desktop

Then run the Popcorn-Time executable file.

me@my-pc:~/Desktop$ ./Popcorn-Time

Note: If you downloaded from popcorn-time.se

According to this forum post current Linux version of Popcorn-Time isn't working on Ubuntu 14.04. In that case you can download the community edition from here.

Download the file then extract. Go to the directory where you have extracted the file. There you will see a file named install. This is the install script. run that file. It will install Popcorn-Time for you. Then run Popcorn-Time typing ~/.Popcorn-Time/Popcorn-Time in the command line.


Ubuntu Manpage for rsyslogd says this

  ... First  of  all there has been a systematic attempt to
         insure that rsyslogd follows its default,  standard  BSD  behavior...
  rsyslogd should be able to use  a
         standard  syslog.conf  and  act  like  the orginal syslogd. However, an
         original syslogd  will  not  work  correctly  with  a  rsyslog-enhanced
         configuration file. At best, it will generate funny looking file names.
  The second important concept to note is that this version  of  rsyslogd
         interacts  transparently  with  the  version  of  syslog  found  in the
         standard  libraries.   If  a  binary  linked  to  the  standard  shared
         libraries  fails  to function correctly we would like an example of the
         anomalous behavior.

So rsyslogd is not very much different from syslogd. Then why do we need rsyslogd?

This page provides a comparison chart rsyslogd vs. syslogd-ng

This blog post explains why a second syslogd?. Excerpts from it:

  .. So one reason the world needs another syslogd is that it needs another major player in the *nix space. I honestly believe there is none except syslog-ng..
  .. have you noticed that syslog-ng has become dual-licensed? There is the great GPLed open source release and the even greater "Premium Edition", which cost money. Only the premium edition offers features like native database and SSL support or queued syslog sending..
  .."Stop", I hear some say, "syslog-ng is GPLed, so we can take that source and implement the missing features". Of course you can. But do you think Balabit will actually include your patches? I guess we can agree on "nope". So you have just forked from syslog-ng ... and proved my argument that the world needs another syslogd..
  .. So - why does the world need another syslogd?             It needs one that aims to be a real major player, being installed on a lot of systems. That will help to get the best out of syslog technology (and in the long term the best of logging at all). Either in its project itself of by driving competitors to be better than it. A new major player will prevent monocultures and provide a rich freedom of choice. That's why the world needs it.


SOLVED !

sudo  iwconfig wlan0 rate 150M fixed

also changed operation channel of the Wi-fi router ! Now :

wlan0     IEEE 802.11bgn  ESSID:"Cvetybaby"
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.432 GHz  Access Point: C8:3A:35:2A:5F:C0
          Bit Rate=150 Mb/s   Tx-Power=14 dBm
          Retry  long limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Power Management:off
          Link Quality=70/70  Signal level=-39 dBm
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:16482  Invalid misc:2   Missed beacon:0


Check for redundancy before downloading any file

Read the first 500 bytes of the first file:

head -c 500 file1.mp3 > fragment1

Use curl -r 0-499 -o fragment2 http://... to retrieve the first 500 bytes of the second file. Then, do diff fragment1 fragment2 to see if they are equal.

curl is a tool like wget only with more options. The -r flag lets you specify a range, which will result in a partial download. wget has a quota option that will not, however, let you do a partial download.


First make sure that your software is up to date. (run update manager)
Than open the terminal Ctrl+Alt+T and run this command

sudo update-manager -d

Hit Enter and enter your password when asked.

Of course, be sure to make backup of any important data. It should not alter them, but you never know.


What is the differences between RPM package manager and Alien software?

First, to address your situation:
Most of the time when an application is provided as an RPM package, it is also provided in some other way that is more likely to work on Ubuntu. As you may know, Ubuntu uses DEB packages. It's possible to (attempt to) install an RPM package on Ubuntu, but RPM packages are really intended for systems that use RPM as their package manager, like Fedora, CentOS, Mandriva, and Mageia (that's a far from complete list).
Therefore, you should try to find a DEB package for the software. If there isn't one, then you should try to find a system-agnostic binary installer (which won't necessarily be named ending in .run), or compile the application from source (see also this guide).
If those options aren't available either or you want to try installing from an RPM package anyway (for example, if you've heard that for this particular software the RPM package will work on Ubuntu), read on...
rpm vs. alien
dpkg (WP) is Ubuntu's package manager.
The surrounding infrastructure, such as APT, the Software Center, and the Software Updater, which automatically check for and fetch packages from software sources, may also be considered "the package manager," but dpkg is what installs and uninstalls packages and keeps track of what packages are installed at what versions (often being called behind the scenes by other utilities to perform these functions).
rpm (WP) is another, separate package manager. Where Ubuntu uses dpkg, some other OSes use rpm. It's possible to use multiple package managers on the same system, and you can run rpm on Ubuntu. But generally speaking, when you (try to) install an rpm package on an Ubuntu system, you don't gain most of the benefits of using package management, because "this package depends on that package" relationships are generally neither determined nor respected across multiple package managers. That is, if there is a dependency or conflict that would require dpkg (and the surrounding infrastructure) to install, remove, upgrade, or perform some other action with a package, rpm will not know that, and rpm will not trigger that.
alien (WP) is a utility that attempts to convert a .rpm package into a .deb package that can be installed on your system, with the hope that it will integrate properly into the dpkg-based package management system. Optionally, alien can also automatically attempt to install that file. (More generally, alien can perform conversions the other way, and supports some other package formats too, besides .deb and .rpm.)
In practice, as Call me V says, installing .rpm packages with alien often doesn't tend to work very well. Certainly not as well as if the software's developer made a .deb package. But it's usually better to use alien to install an .rpm package on Ubuntu, than to try to install it using the rpm utility.
Of course, if alien fails or the installed package doesn't work properly, you can always try uninstalling it and then installing the .rpm package with rpm. Or as bodhi.zazen explains, you can try manually extracting files from an .rpm package and copying them to the necessary locations.
How to use them:
If you have a package called foo.rpm in the current directory (i.e., you have cd'd to the directory that contains it) and want to use alien to create and attempt to install a .deb package from it, you could run:
sudo alien -di foo.rpm
If you wanted to try to install foo.rpm directly with rpm, you could run:
rpm -i foo.rpm
Further Reading
For more information, see the alien and rpm manual pages, and the alien and rpm websites.
See also our rpm tag wiki (which also includes information about alien).


Virtual Box giving error after ubuntu update

Had the same issue after ubuntu 14.04 update, this is what worked for me:

sudo apt-get install dkms

sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup


Is there a legit reason as to why Outlook.com premium UI is "not available" in Linux Chrome?

Sure there's a legit reason. It helps Microsoft promote their OS  over Linux and they have no obligation to support competitors. This is Bug # 1 and they don't owe us any favors, simple as that.

A radio host I listened to used to say to irate callers 'Don't go away mad, just go away'. That's good advice, I took it and left Windows for Ubuntu and I don't worry about what Microsoft is doing.


ImportError: Ipython requires Python version 2.7 or 3.3 or above

Ubuntu 18.04 and later
Open the terminal and type:
sudo apt install python3-notebook jupyter jupyter-core python-ipykernel # skip python-ipykernel in 20.04 and later
To start the notebook server run the following command:
jupyter notebook

You should see Jupyter Notebook open in your web browser.

Open the terminal and type:
sudo apt-get install ipython3 ipython3-notebook

To start Interactive Python 3 html notebook type:
ipython3 notebook

To start Python notebook with inline Python based plotting system (python-matplotlib):
ipython notebook --pylab

or for Python 3 and python3-matplotlib:
ipython3 notebook --pylab


How do I reset my Ubuntu 12.10 password?

This is the way many Linux/Unix commands behave when you enter a password. Nothing is printed out when you type in your password, but nevertheless, it is still being entered. You will be prompted to confirm it, so you don't have to worry about making a mistake.


Well first you should know that it will only work if you are on two different networks so for example your LAN on 192.168.1.120 and your wifi on 192.168.2.120. If you try to connect both to the same Network you will end up with no Internet at all.

So Wifi and LAN on same Network is a no go.

But if you still insist:

Open Edit Connections

Click on the wired connection you want to edit and then on Edit.

then on IPv4 Settings

Click on Method and the Manual

After you've done that you can give the IP of your other Network.

To check if you are connected to both networks do the following:

In the upper right corner open Connection Information

Here you can see both connections IP and further Information.


Installing Ubuntu on a desktop that was built from scratch

I use Ubuntu for more than 5 years. During this period I quite a lot did move my disk drive (nowdays it is an SSD storage) to other machines (PC) with various hardware config and never had any problem booting or running Ubuntu OS.

As @user535733 mentioned, You could try Live version, but I am 99% sure You will install Ubuntu and won't be let down.


Nautilus: add dynamic bookmark for sftp folder with changing IP?

You can add a fake domain pointing to the ip.

Edit /etc/hosts and add

xx.xxx.xx.xx    my_foo_domain

To access then you just insert sftp://your_user@my_foo_domain

This way you don't have to create a shortcut everytime, but you have to edit /etc/hosts everytime. You can create a command to refresh the ip, like (backup your /etc/hosts):

sed -i -E 's/^[.0-9]*[[:blank:]](my_foo_domain)/<your new ip> \1/' /etc/hosts

You can create a function placed in your .bahsrc:

_renew_ip() {
  ip=$(gcloud compute instances describe instancename --format="get(networkInterfaces[0].accessConfigs[0].natIP)")
  sed -i -E "s/^[.0-9]*[[:blank:]]*(my_foo_domain)/$ip \1/" /etc/hosts
}

alias renew_ip='bash -c "$(declare -f _renew_ip); _renew_ip"'
alias sudo='sudo '

And then you can just call the function:

sudo renew_ip


Create executable and shared library with one makefile

By default make will build only the first target in a Makefile
which is exe.a in your case. You can either tell make to create
another target:

make lib.so

or both targets:

make lib.so exe.a

or (preferred) introduce a new first target which is usually named
all:

all: exe.a lib.so

exe.a: main.c func.c
    gcc main.c func.c -o exe.a
lib.so: func.c
    gcc func.c -o lib.so -fPIC -shared

Now a simple make will build the (pseudo-) target all which in turn
depends on exe.a and lib.so, so they get built first. Note that you
must not have a file called all in your directory in this case because
then make gets confused.


SFTP - How to Set Permission to Multiple Users

Use acl (access control language). The acl commands let you add permissions for any combination of users or groups to any files or directories. For example you can create a file, README, that Jane can edit but George can only read:
# create some file
touch README

# "normal" user and group permissions still work as before
sudo chown anyuser:anygroup README

# Let Jane read or write (no matter what her user group is)
setfacl u:jane:rw README

# Let the acolyte group read it
setfacl --modify g:acolyte:r

# Let George read it, even if he's not in the acolyte or the anygroup groups
setfacl --modify u:george:r README

Before you can run the setfacl command or any of the other acl commands, you have to install acl like this:
sudo apt install acl

Once you've install it, add "acl" to the options of any device in your /etc/fstab file that you want to use it with. for example, change:
/dev/sda1   /            ext3    noatime,errors=remount-ro      0 1

...to:
/dev/sda1   /            ext3    noatime,errors=remount-ro,acl      0 1

Note that the syntax for /etc/fstab is:
device-name | mount-point | file-system-type | options | dump | fsck-order
Just change the "options" part to get acl working.
You have to either reboot or remount the file system for the new acl features to work.


If you working on a server, than you should have already an open terminal.

If not, open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T

After that, run the command

sudo apt-get install -f

More information with man apt-get. In a terminal ;)


Do you ever have to do any regular maintenance?

Not really. There is no need to defrag the disks, because they don't get fragmented unless you have like 99% of the disk full. There is no need for a cleanup, unless you are really low on space. Performance is not an issue, like in Windows. There is also no need to cleanup the registry, because Ubuntu doesn't have one.

However, some applications might need maintenance. For instance, Firefox databases might become bloated with time, so you need to vacuum them to keep the performance high. Any application that uses SQLite files can suffer from the same issue.

If you want to do cleanup, see CCleaner equivalent?.

What I do to avoid wasting space is to always cleanup the apt cache. This is what I use when upgrading packages:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get autoremove

The first command cleanup the cache, the second update the software sources, the third upgrades necessary packages and the last one uninstall unnecessary software.


Is there any way to open all instances of a particular application without having to click on its icon multiple times?

"If there's any desktop version out there that supports this I'd be curious to know about it."
I just recently switched from using lightdm to using gdm.  I have not fully decided which one I prefer yet, and may yet go back to lightdm.  One advantage of gdm: when you click on "Activities" at the top left hand corner, it shows not only your programs which you have marked as favorites on the left, but also shows ALL windows that are open.  It shows every instance of terminal, every instance of Firefox, and so on, and you can choose which one to select.  This isn't exactly what you're asking for, but it does get all the open windows in one click.  You may want to try gdm to see if you like it.
In order to try gdm, open a Terminal.  Use the following command:

sudo apt-get install gdm

Once you have it, it will inform you that there are multiple instances of a display manager installed.  Select OK by hitting Enter (if that doesn't work try Space).  Then it will ask you which to use as your default.  Choose gdm with the arrow keys and hit Enter again.  There are a few ways to get it to switch to gdm now.  I find that the way that is the least buggy is to simply reboot your computer; if you've selected gdm as your default, it will automatically boot into gdm.  The other way is to enter into the Terminal:

sudo service gdm restart

The login screen will look different in gdm, but it's self-explanatory.
If you decide that you would rather go back to lightdm, I find that the simplest way to get back to it is to prompt the choice for which one should be used as default again by using the following commands:

sudo apt-get remove lightdm
sudo apt-get install lightdm

Once lightdm is reinstalled, it will ask you which one you want as your default; choose lightdm.  You can then, from within lightdm, remove gdm with:

sudo apt-get remove gdm

I do not recommend removing gdm from within gdm, nor removing lightdm (should you decide you prefer gdm) from within lightdm.


To fix this, edit your /etc/apt/sources.list and make sure you have the following two lines:

deb http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-updates main restricted
deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-updates main restricted

After making sure you have these lines, get yourself updated again and re-try the release upgrade script:

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
do-release-upgrade

P.S.  change your country code..Like here it is gb for Great Britain.


sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Setting up postgresql-9.4 (9.4.6-0+deb8u1) ...
[....] Starting PostgreSQL 9.4 database server: main[....] The PostgreSQL server failed to start. Please check the log output: 2016-03-15 09:24:51 UTC [15301-1] FATAL: could not create shared memory segment: Function not implemented 2016-03-15 09:24:51 UTC [15301-2] DETAI[FAILiled system call was shmget(key=5432001, size=40, 03600). ... failed!
 failed!
invoke-rc.d: initscript postgresql, action "start" failed.
dpkg: error processing package postgresql-9.4 (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 postgresql-9.4

E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)


You can find it here along with the explanation I'm quoting here :

  Backup and/or rename the original Ambiance theme.
  If you want it to theme the GDM and when sudoed then extract
  Ambiance.tar.gz into /usr/share/themes
  (after you have done step 1). Then do
  step 3.
  Otherwise you can just copy the included metacity-1 folder into
  /usr/share/themes/Ambiance and choose
  to merge and replace all. Then do step
  4.
  Then drag Ambiance.tar.gz to the Appearance Preferences theme tab and
  deselect then reselect Ambiance.


My sound randomly mutes sometimes in ubuntu 12.04

Is it possible you're using some sort of power-saving packages such as laptop-mode or pm-powersave that are automatically disabling sound after some idle period?


No sound and flash videos play super fast after daily update

So the solution found on, Flash video plays very fast without any sound, and that is to install Pulse Audio Volume Control pavucontrol

sudo apt-get install pavucontrol

now run pavucontrol,

pavucontrol

go to the Configuration tab and turn off the sound devices you don't use, most likely your video card is being listed as a sound device. Happy flash viewing!


How to run Virtualbox on bridged and host-only networks?

Figured it out. I was following this tutorial and I was putting in eth1 instead of eth2. I had to use eth2 because host-only was 'adapter 3' in the VB settings-network (using VB's GUI). Now I am able to run both bridged and host-only!

For /etc/hosts: On the host machine I put: 'host-only-IP' 'servername' On the guest VB I put both the host-only and the bridged IP's with the same servername. Doesn't seem to cause an issue.

So to summarize; I have 3 adapters on the VB instance

Bridged
Nat
Host-only.

I have the host file on my host machine configured to use the host-only IP and my desktop host file is configured to use the bridged IP address. This way I can take out my laptop off the network and still be able to ssh into my VirtualBox server without changing any settings. Then I can turn the NAT network adapter on and the VirtualBox can use my hosts network for the internet away from my home network.


What is the difference between Gwibber's Home and Messages?

From Ken VanDine in a thread I found in a bug report:

  The "Home" stream is everything, an aggregation of all the other
  streams.  The others are there to help you filter the results and just
  view what you want...  The "Replies" tab does include mentions, not just replies to your posts.

A fuller explanation is here, in another bug report:

  In regard to which stream is selected by default, in the past gwibber
  did default to selecting the all messages tab. However, lots of people
  complained because it included streams like links, which for facebook
  at least, includes posts from facebook games. So depending who your
  friends are, lots of noise there. The rationale behind to changing
  that to default to "messages" was it was really a stream of your
  friends "status updates". Which is something people seem most
  interesting in seeing. I am not opposed to changing it back to default
  to all messages, but we need some consensious on that, we can't make
  everyone happy.

  In general we need to spend some time looking at what we call the
  streams, we have generalized them between all the services, but
  "messages" isn't really messages, it is "status updates".


Probably your user's settings override the system wide ditto as defined in /etc/default/keyboard.

The keyboard layouts seem to be fine. To define a compose key and change the shortcut for layout switching, it's easiest to install Tweak (the gnome-tweak-tool package) and do it from there. Such changes should be effective instantly.


You can’t run .cpp files the way they are. You have to compile them. You can use g++. It can be installed using apt on the package with the same name. If you’re not sure how to use it then see this question: What is a command to compile and run C++ programs?

From your question it sounds like your code was written on a different machine than the server. So you should get the files onto the server. If you physically can access it, use a USB drive or other storage medium. If you have a cloud instance or some other type of remote server, normally you should be able to ssh into it. So you can use scp to copy your files.
The syntax is:

scp -P <port> file-to-copy user@server:/where/to/put

Afterwards you should be able to run your code.

If you’re still a bit confused about scp you can try looking at this article: https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-use-scp-command-to-securely-transfer-files/

Hope this helps!


UEFI Booting With Encrypted /boot On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

I was wondering if there is any update about the possibility to encrypt boot next to root, using EFI + Secure boot.

I found https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system#Encrypted_boot_partition_.28GRUB.29

But I couldn't adapt the example to fedora 28 (didn't try ubuntu 18.04 so far).


The error is because with scale=2, the bc command is outputting a floating point value like 1.00 that the bash1 shell arithmetic expression ((...)) can't handle ex.

$ num_folders=$(echo "scale=2 ; 1.0 / 1.0" | bc)
$ echo $num_folders
1.00
$ (($num_folders>0)) && echo Greater
-bash: ((: 1.00>0: syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator (error token is ".00>0")

whereas

$ num_folders=$(echo "scale=0 ; 1.0 / 1.0" | bc)
$ echo $num_folders
1
$ (($num_folders>0)) && echo Greater
Greater

Note that inside ((...)) you can refer to variables by name alone without the dereferencing $, so ((num_folders>0)) is fine as well. Also note that inside ((...)), the < and > operators are indeed arithmetic comparisons - rather than lexical comparisons as they would be inside "square" test brackets.

What you should do depends on the intent of your code - you can either use integer arithmetic everywhere - if that's not an option, then do the comparison in bc itself:

$ echo "scale=2; (1.5 / 1.0) > 1" | bc
1
$ echo "scale=2; (0.5 / 1.0) > 1" | bc
0

and use the result in your (integer) shell test.

1 other shells, notably ksh93 and zsh, can handle floating point arithmetic.


Ubuntu 14.04 fans running full speed issue

run these command in terminal

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
sudo apt-get update

Install the following packages:

sudo apt-get install tlp tlp-rdw

After installing  start it

sudo tlp start

Check its funtion

sudo tlp-stat

If output

+++ System Status
TLP power save = enabled
power source = ...

comes than it is working.
For more information
http://linrunner.de/en/tlp/docs/tlp-linux-advanced-power-management.html

Welcome to linux..


Command to create sequentially numbered targeted directories and batch move files

The (python) script below creates sub folders and organizes your files into the folders:

Additionally:

The script calculates the number of folders and adds leading zeros to the folder names for proper sorting (since you mentioned thousands of files, meaning hundreds of folders)
The number of files per folder may vary, depending on your setting in the head of the script

The script assumes:

All files have an extension, all files have the same extension
Your files are named image1.tiff, image2.tiff etc (no leading zeros).

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os
import math
import shutil
#---
directory = "/path/to/files"      # path to your files
n_perfolder = 7                   # number of files per sub folder
#--
# creating file list, extension
f_list = os.listdir(directory); ext = f_list[0].split(".")[-1]
# calculate number of folders
n_folders = math.ceil(len(f_list)/n_perfolder)
# creating folder names, including leading zeros
folders = [str(fn+1) for fn in range(n_folders)]
fl_names = [(len(max(folders, key=len))-len(fl))*"0"+fl for fl in folders]
# creating folders and allocate files
for i in range(len(fl_names)):
    mkfolder = directory+"/"+fl_names[i]
    if not os.path.exists(mkfolder):
        os.makedirs(mkfolder)
        r = range(i*n_perfolder+1, i*n_perfolder+n_perfolder+1)
        for n in r:
            try:
                file = directory+"/"+"image"+str(n)+"."+ext
                target = mkfolder+"/"+"image"+str(n)+"."+ext
                shutil.copyfile(file, target)
            except FileNotFoundError:
                pass

How to use

Copy the script into an empty file, in the head section, set the directory to your files and the number of files per sub directory, save it as organize.py.

Run it by the command:

python3 /path/to/organize.py

Note

If you'd like to move the files instead of copying, replace the line:

shutil.copyfile(file, target)

by:

shutil.move(file, target)

(mind the indent!)


how to create a windows7 image from an SD card

You can use genisoimage. I do use this terminal app for creating ISO images out of files.

Installation: sudo apt-get install genisoimage
Usage: genisoimage -o /home/nomadic/image.iso /media/sdcard


How do I get `tr` command to ignore newline?

:space: matches both horizontal and vertical white space. Use :blank: instead to match horizontal whitespace only.


Firefox has an add on called Customizable Shortcuts that does that.  To get it Just Click Here


How to give a program access to make file in root directory

If opening the application as root doesn't work (sudo app_name), then you can change the ownership of that folder like:

sudo chown user:user /usr/src/logFiles
sudo chmod +r+w -R /usr/src/logFiles

(change user:user with your username)


VLC Media Player not installing in ubuntu 14.04

These commands might help you:

sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get clean
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


Why is there no pulse-audio sink created after connection to bluetooth device

One solution was to disable pulseaudio in GDM because  pulseaudio instance of GDM was "stealing" the bluetooth sink from $USER.

So here's what I did thanks to Gnome_with_GDM :

$ ps -fC pulseaudio
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
gdm       1858     1  0 14:27 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog
sebasti+  3263     1  2 14:28 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog
$ gdm_home=$(grep gdm /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f6)
$ sudo -u gdm mkdir -pv $gdm_home/.config/pulse/ $gdm_home/.config/systemd/user/
$ sudo test ! -s $gdm_home/.config/pulse/client.conf && printf "autospawn = no\ndaemon-binary = /bin/true\n" | sudo -u gdm tee $gdm_home/.config/pulse/client.conf
autospawn = no
daemon-binary = /bin/true
$ sudo -u gdm ln -vs /dev/null $gdm_home/.config/systemd/user/pulseaudio.socket
'/var/lib/gdm3/.config/systemd/user/pulseaudio.socket' -> '/dev/null'
$ sudo reboot
$ ps -fC pulseaudio
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
sebasti+  3024     1  0 15:03 ?        Sl     0:00 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog
$ pactl list modules short | grep blue
8   module-bluetooth-policy
9   module-bluetooth-discover
10  module-bluez5-discover
31  module-bluez5-device    path=/org/bluez/hci0/dev_97_40_B1_EF_BD_54
$ { echo disconnect 97:40:B1:EF:BD:54;sleep 2;echo connect 97:40:B1:EF:BD:54;sleep 2; } | bluetoothctl 2>/dev/null | egrep -i "(dis)?connect(ion|ed)?|successful"
[bluetooth]# disconnect 97:40:B1:EF:BD:54
Attempting to disconnect from 97:40:B1:EF:BD:54
Successful disconnected
[bluetooth]# connect 97:40:B1:EF:BD:54
Attempting to connect to 97:40:B1:EF:BD:54
[CHG] Device 97:40:B1:EF:BD:54 Connected: yes
Connection successful
$ pactl list sinks short | grep bluez_sink
4   bluez_sink.97_40_B1_EF_BD_54    module-bluez5-device.c  s16le 2ch 48000Hz   SUSPENDED
$ pactl list sink-inputs short
0   0   8   protocol-native.c   float32le 2ch 44100Hz
$ pactl move-sink-input 0 4
$


Why does shutdown from a remote terminal fail to power off my machine?

You are using the wrong commands, Try one of below:-

sudo shutdown -h now
sudo poweroff
sudo halt -p
sudo init 0
sudo shutdown -p now

For forced poweroff (not shutdown):-

  sudo poweroff -f


Unfortunately, it seems difficult to configure most image viewing software like gthumb, shotwell, or eog to do this. There doesn't seem to be any hidden options available in dconf-editor or gsettings after investigation.

There are two possibilities, however:

The first is Pinta, which is available in the repositories and supports scrolling a zoomed image well. It supports using the mouse scroll wheel to scroll vertically, and you can also click to scroll horizontally.

The second is to use firefox in conjunction with the image zoom 0.4.6 addon, and then you can zoom into the picture and indeed scroll it. Firefox supports most image formats, and you can just right click and open an image in Firefox or open it like this:

firefox /home/mike/Pictures/IMG_1207.JPG

which will then be displayed in the browser at the local address of

file:///home/mike/Pictures/IMG_1207.JPG

Firefox can be used like a file manager for local or network files and most images formats like jpg, tif, gif, png can be opened.

As you can see in the screenshot below, there are settings for the scroll zoom when you go to firefox > addons > image zoom > preferences. Scrolling using both the middle mouse wheel or the two fingers mode on the touchpad works as well.

As noted in the description for the addon, you can use it to:

  easily zoom in, zoom out, fit image to screen or set custom zoom on individual images...All this can be done by using the context menu or a combination of mouse buttons and scroll wheel.

Just open the image in firefox, zoom it up and then you are able to scroll it; it is about the best way of achieving what you want at the minute and I use it regularly.


Protecting your computer from trackers via email and websites

People can not get your MAC address by any of the suggested ways.
Even if they do, they can not deduce where you reside from your MAC
address.
People can get your MAC address when you visit their
server if your PC and server reside in the same Ethernet or WiFi
network.
People can get your IP address when you visit links on
their site or sometimes when you read email from them. People can
assume the city or even city block where you reside by your IP
address.
The only way to deal with service where you do not agree
with imposed terms in not to use it and openly ask others not to use
it, providing reasons. In any other case you will loose
eventually.


Strange coloured border appearing around windows

The problem is with the latest nVidia drivers (v378). Even if you have been using v375 before, it seems that the same issue was backported into some of it's minor versions. Try rolling back to v367, as described in this  answer (notice that you need to disable the repo, otherwise 375 gets installed when calling sudo apt-get install nvidia-367)


Is there a burning program that supports disk spanning?

it's not a GUI program and needs some installation effort,
but if this does not repel you:

http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net/main_eng.html

http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net/examples.html

The docs talk mainly of CD and DVD. BD media are handled like large DVD.
I use it mainly on BD-RE meanwhile. My ISO producer and burn backend is
xorriso.

Have a nice day :)

Thomas


Need Drivers for Lexmark S410 Series Printer

Go to the Lexmark website - link to the S415 download follows.  I couldn't find the 410 model, but it looks like it shares the driver with the S415.  I'm also trying to load the driver on a new Ubuntu 12.04.  I haven't completed the entire process yet due to other constraints on my time, and the need to directly cable the Ubuntu machine to a wireless printer that's already configured on the LAN for wireless printing, but I will share what I've accomplished to date.

http://support.lexmark.com/index?page=product&userlocale=RU&locale=ru&productCode=LEXMARK_S415&segment=SUPPORT&nonEFIGSLanguage=en#1

Select the correct version of your operating system (Ubuntu 12.04 is listed on the drop down), whether 32-bit or 64-bit, download the driver utilities, and install on your system.  There are several options available, depending on whether you are using Open Office and need the CUSP Postscript driver, the general utility, or the network scanning utility.   I downloaded all appropriate for 64-bit to have on hand.  I then started with the general utility.

You will then need to physically connect the printer to the Ubuntu machine with a cable the first time as directed by the Lexmark utility.  This is the point at which I had to stop due to other demands on my time.   I will update my response when I've had time to complete the process.


Where can i ask to increase space quota for launchpad ppa?

You asked the question in the right place, but since you seem to be uploading binaries into your PPA rather than source code, the chances that you will get a size increase is small. PPAs are meant to have open-source software, where the sources are uploaded, and binaries are built on Launchpad's servers. If you want to use this software on your own computer, you don't need a PPA for this.

I know for a fact that Android Studio is open-source, and gem5 is also open-source (although it has some closed-source parts), so one of your reasons is invalid.

Another reason source packages are built for each Ubuntu release is because there are different libraries and library version in each release, and so a binary that works on one release may or may not work on another release. Source packages are also built for each architecture because while an i386 application can technically run on amd64, it requires the use of i386 libraries, whereas an amd64 application only requires amd64 libraries (amd64 applications cannot be run on i386). In addition, different architectures have different "defaults" (an int may be 2 bytes instead of 4 bytes), and each application has to be built on each architecture to account for that.


How to access Windows partition from Ubuntu

If the NTFS drives are mounting as read-only, or not mounting at all, its probably because Ubuntu thinks their filesystems are unclean, probably due to hibernation, or a damaged file system. Do this...
in Windows

boot into Windows
open the Power control panel
choose change what the power buttons do
choose change options that are unavailable
uncheck fast startup
close the Power control panel
open an administrative command prompt window
type powercfg /h off
type chkdsk /f c:
approve to run chkdsk at next reboot
type chkdsk /f x: (replacing "x" with drive letters of other visible NTFS partitions)
reboot into Windows to let chkdsk run on drive C:


As far as I know there is no "Samsung Kies" version for Ubuntu, but the following should work:

Connect your phone to your box via usb.In Ubuntu go to the network applet and click on it, next click on edit connections, next click on the tab Mobile Broadband, next click on add.
Your phone should be listed beneath "Create a connection for this mobile broadband device".
Click continue, now you have to answer a number of questions regarding your provider and billing plan. You might also have to provide the access point name. You probably won't have to change anything in the editing new connection window, just save and try out your new connection.


Wierd Lid close/open and suspend problem

I had a similar issue.
I was able to solve it by editing the file /etc/systemd/logind.conf

There is a line #HandleLidSwitch=suspend you can uncomment the line by deleting the # sign and change the value to poweroff, ignore, or suspend depending on what you want.

Maybe this does not cause the side effect you are experiencing. It worked for me.

I created a script to change the value more quickly.
https://github.com/andreshazard/lidBehaviourScript


Windows Blue Screen Like Problem in Ubuntu 13.10

Aat what point of use does this happen?
You can try the re-install the kernel

http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2013/11/linux-kernel-3-12-released-install-ubuntu-or-linux-mint/


OK - that was easy... but I don't know why (maybe because I skipped over 15.10?):

sudo apt-get install zfsutils-linux

showed a broken package and two zfs.doc packages pending with different versions.  I suspected zfsutils-linux wasn't really installed and

sudo apt-get remove zfsutils-linux

confirmed it wasn't installed.  So failing to have any other ideas:

sudo apt-get remove zfs.doc
sudo apt-get install zfsutils-linux

Removing zfs.doc removed all if it's dependencies, and the re-install was successful.

After a reboot everything mounted fine.


Run Ubuntu on a 4K graphics card without a 4K monitor

Well I managed to figure out my solution by using some logic and the curt suggestion from the comments on my question. I forgot that I was on an old version of Ubuntu and it wasn't getting the latest updates for drivers. Also, fun fact, nvidia-current package does not install the latest version of the nvidia drivers.

Anyway my solution was first to do a dist upgrade. This made my monitor work, but I lost Unity completely and could not get it to work (nice reminder of why I never do dist upgrades).

If I made a bootable drive of 16.10 I would get a monitor, and things would work, but it just wouldn't draw the mouse. I could click on stuff, it just wasn't showing me where my mouse was.

16.04 out of the box did not work either. I ended up making a bootable 16.04 drive with the nvidia drivers manually installed. This was not as easy as it sounded. It was a pain to make a persistent bootable drive that would allow me to install drivers on it because they removed support for that from the usb-creator package that I normally use with Ubuntu to make startup disks.

After a few failed attempts to use other tools (many complications caused by secure boot etc..), I ended up manually downgrading the usb-creator package and that worked fine.

Booted the drive on a different machine (the same laptop I was using to make the drive in the first place) and installed the latest version of the nvidia drivers (NOT nvidia-current), and it was good to go for me to do a clean install with supported drivers.


Is it normal to have two shadow files in /etc directory?

/etc/shadow is the file that will be used by the login system. /etc/shadow- is a backup file that is not used (except for backup purpose). The same applies to /etc/group- and /etc/password-. Older backup files can be found at /var/backups/.


How do I access the files in a Samsung Galaxy S II?

No you don't need drivers. You need to enable using phone as mass storage.

Connect phone by USB to your PC.
On your Galaxy S2 phone, a message will appear with the ability to select Mass storage as a connection option. Make sure you use this one, opposed to Media Transfer Protocol for example.

You now can now use your phone like you can use any USB flash drive. Mount and explore your files in the file manager.


After accidentally renaming /etc, how do I rename it back?

An easy way to fix problems like this is often to boot from a live system, mount the root partition on /mnt  and then rename the file.

If you don't have a live system or a means of making one, or you don't have physical access to the system but you can reboot and get the GRUB menu, you can use the GRUB editor to get a root shell and rename the file.

Reboot or power off, switch on and, if you don't normally see the GRUB menu on boot, press Shift or Esc to get to the GRUB menu.

Move the cursor down to Advanced Options for Ubuntu and press enter, then press e to edit the boot options (one time only - changes here will not be permanent, so we don't have to clean up afterwards).

You will see a screen that looks something like this1:

Move the cursor down to the line that starts with linux and then move the cursor to the end of that line, or anywhere among the kernel boot parameters there. Be sure you are on the correct line and type carefully here, as the system may fail to boot without /etc in place.

Add the text init=/bin/bash and press F10 to boot.

This will start the system with a Bash shell as init. You will get a root shell and the filesystem will be mounted read only.2 To make the filesystem writable, enter the command

mount -o remount,rw /

Now you can rename /etc (you may want to ls first)

mv /apache2 /etc

Now you can reboot, or complete the boot normally from here by having the root shell replace itself with the normal init system3:

exec systemd

I tested this procedure on Ubuntu MATE 18.04.

1 Many thanks to Kulfy for obtaining a good quality screenshot of the GRUB editor from VirtualBox!
2 Although PATH cannot be set from the config files in /etc in this scenario, Bash will automatically set one.
3 If exec systemd doesn't work for you, exec /sbin/init should do the trick. If not, readlink -e /sbin/init should give the path to whatever init program should be running, which you can then exec with its full path. If you can't proceed this way, simply enter reboot.


It looks like there is an extra wireless keyboard plugged in:

exerpt from xinput list:

↳ Lite-On Technology Corp. HP Wireless Keyboard Kit id=12 [slave keyboard (3)]

This might be the cause. You can disable it by running xinput float 12

Thanks to @DavidFoerster for noticing this


High level overview of how SSH works and is setup on Ubuntu

What I would like to know about ssh besides what the ubuntu help page can teach me is where ALL of the important files are located that have to do with ssh on Ubuntu and what they are used for.

See manual page for ssh(1) and sshd(8). There is chapter called FILES, where you can see all files related to ssh and sshd (ssh server).

  The file above, that's the binary that executes when I type the ssh command into the terminal correct?

Yes

  If openssh is A client & server for ssh then what tells the ssh command that this client/server config is in use?

When you run ssh in debug mode (ssh -vvv remote_host), you will get much more information about what is going under the hood, including the configuration files used.

If you mean the invoking ssh, it is basic *NIX stuff and it is handled by $PATH environment variable.

  If I installed a client and server package that is not openssh, how does the ssh command use those instead? Or does the ssh command only use openssh?

Do you have some example of "other client and server" for ssh? Last time I remember, openssh has around 80% "market share".

But I don't see any problem with other package providing binary placed in the same path instead of openssh. It is just C code compiled into binary format placed in /usr/bin/ folder.


Ubuntu Mate shows no panels, but with a new user shows. How I can reset the settings?

You can just delete the folder ~/.config in a command line inteface, but not in a GUI terminal. Just follow these steps:

Press Ctrl+Alt+F2
Login
Kill all user's sessions with sudo skill -KILL -u ^username^
Relogin
Type rm -rf ~/.config
Press Ctrl+Alt+F7
Login into GUI.

You hace sucessfully reset the MATE desktop. In case f a problem just copy the ~/.config from another user (sudo access required).


How do I remove the Ubuntu Software Center?

I believe the command you are looking for is

sudo apt-get remove software-center


Can't find archive for package libx264-123

You need to enable the "universe" repository, that is the repo that contains the libx264-123 package.

You can do this by using the software center.

open Ubuntu Software Center
click on "Edit"
select "Software Sources" from the drop-down menu
make sure "Community-maintained free and open-source software
(universe)" has a check or is selected
enter your password to accept the changes
Then,

run the following commands

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get purge x264 libx264-123 ttf-mscorefonts-installer

Before accepting the changes, take note of what will be uninstalled. You will need to re-install any packages removed with that command!

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install x264 lib264-123 ttf-mscorefonts-installer

Any other packages that were uninstalled earlier should be included in the final command to be reinstalled.

As a suggestion, you might want to install the synaptic package manager as it is a powerful and resourceful tool that is capable of configuring your sources as well as fixing and resolving dependency issues or broken packages.

sudo apt-get install synaptic

and use

sudo synaptic

or

gksudo synaptic

to start it up.


"No object for D-Bus interface" when mounting with Nautilus

Apparently this question appeared on Google and many people are asking me to post an answer, so here it is.

First, go to Dash (for Ubuntu) or run gparted using superuser, preferrably gparted-pkexec.
Right click the partition, choose New UUID.
Click the Apply button.

This solution should be permanent until you mess something up, so no worries.

Update: Some people claimed that just by having gparted refreshing information, the problems are solved. You should try that first, as refreshing UUID screws up fstab.


How can I play different sounds each time I startup?

Assuming you want a music file to play from a defined folder of files, this is one way to go (open a terminal to execute the commands):

Choose the music player:
I am suggesting vlc but other choices like mplayer also work. If you have only ogg files canberra-gtk-play or paplay is fine.
Playback check:
cvlc --play-and-exit path/to/Music/song.ext
mplayer path/to/Music/song.ext
paplay path/to/Music/song.ext
canberra-gtk-play -f path/to/Music/song.ext
Create a new script:
sudo gedit /usr/bin/play_rand_login.sh
and paste the following:
#!/bin/bash
files=(/home/me/Music/*)
cvlc --play-and-exit "${files[RANDOM % ${#files[@]}]}"
Change the music path /home/me/Music to your actual folder.
Replace cvlc with your player choice and close the file.
Now make the file executable:
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/play_rand_login.sh
Open the Startup Applications Preferences, choose the Gnome login sound and edit the command to read:
/usr/bin/play_rand_login.sh
Logout and login to test if all is well.

Notes:

It is not guaranteed to have a different file playing at two subsequent logins but if you have many files the chances are high.
Tested to work at on Ubuntu 12.04 (using Gnome 3).
The bash random file choice is coming from a stackoverflow question.


how to disable automount of usb drive in ubuntu 19.10?

Ah, I just figured it out. The DCONF_PROFILE has to be set to the profile file name. Here it needs to be local. If it is not set, by default it is looking for /etc/dconf/profile/user. Thus change the file name to user is a better choice.


You should execute the command ./install in the directory, where the install-script is.
Maybe the install-script isn't marked as executable.
This can be done with:
chmod a+x install (also in the directory where install is located)


Webalizer shows only 2 months on summary page (Ubuntu 14.04)

Well, I've got the same problem, Fedora box though. And no solution either. I use a "workaround", based on a script I found at http://stevehavelka.com/rebuilding-broken-webalizer-history-tcl/, with which you recreate the history file. It's dirty, copy-paste-style, but it works. At least for one month (that is, until webalizer recreates the index page and overwrites the history file):

#!/bin/sh
#Using this script is straightforward:
#
# 1. Run it within the folder that has your old webalizer files, and it produces as much historical data as it can.
# 2. Copy/paste that historical data into your webalizer.hist file, and rerun Webalizer.
# 3. That’s it!  You should have all your stats back.
#
# the next line restarts using tclsh \
exec tclsh "$0" "$@"

# first, find the right files
foreach file [lsort -decreasing [glob usage_*.html]] {

    # and get the date from the files
    regexp {usage_(\d{4})(\d\d).html} $file -> year month

    # open the file to get some data from it
    set fh [open $file r]
    set text [list]
    while { ![eof $fh] } {
        lappend text [gets $fh]
    }
    close $fh

    # now start pulling out data with Total Hits
    set idx [lsearch -glob $text {*Total Hits*}]
    regexp {(\d+)} [lindex $text $idx+1] -> totalHits

    # Total Files
    set idx [lsearch -glob $text {*Total Files*}]
    regexp {(\d+)} [lindex $text $idx+1] -> totalFiles

    # Total Unique Sites
    set idx [lsearch -glob $text {*Total Unique Sites*}]
    regexp {(\d+)} [lindex $text $idx+1] -> totalUniques

    # Total kB Files
    set idx [lsearch -glob $text {*Total kB Files*}]
    if { $idx == -1 } {
        set idx [lsearch -glob $text {*Total KBytes*}]
    }
    regexp {(\d+)} [lindex $text $idx+1] -> totalKb

    # Process days
    set first [lsearch -glob $text {*Daily Statistics for*}]
    set last [lsearch -glob $text {*Hourly Statistics for*}]
    set subtext [lrange $text $first $last]
    set dates [lsearch -glob -all -inline $subtext {
*	}]

    # First day processed
    regexp {(\d+)} [lindex $dates 0] -> firstDay

    # Last day processed
    regexp {(\d+)} [lindex $dates end] -> lastDay

    # Total Pages
    set idx [lsearch -glob $text {*Total Pages*}]
    regexp {(\d+)} [lindex $text $idx+1] -> totalPages

    # Total Visits
    set idx [lsearch -glob $text {*Total Visits*}]
    regexp {(\d+)} [lindex $text $idx+1] -> totalVisits

    # and that's it!
    puts "[string trimleft $month 0] $year $totalHits $totalFiles $totalUniques $totalKb $firstDay $lastDay $totalPages $totalVisits"

}

As stated, put this script into the directory containing the stats summaries, execute it and copy-paste the result into your webalizer.hist file. There you go.

This probably means that writing back the history into the history file doesn't work as expected. Since I've got no idea whatsoever where to look at in the source, I hope somebody else can shed more light on that issue... Any suggestion welcome.


Where to configure synaptics touchpad to use inverted two finger scrolling?

It is relatively straightforward to do this, but it may not work for all touchpads, although it worked for my Synaptics Touchpad on my old laptop. I began experimenting with mine and using xinput, etc, and did mostly the same as this useful article here.

Firstly, run xinput to list all your devices, and note the id of your touchpad.

↳ SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad                id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]

Now to get your button map for the device number found:

xinput get-button-map 11

which should return something like this:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Now, just reversing 4 and 5 should invert the 2 finger scrolling (at least it does on my system). In the following command, just remember to use your device hardware id (not my example 11) and leave spaces between the numbers after the device number:

xinput set-button-map 11 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Now with xinput get-button-map 11 the button map should be

1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Now, check it in your web browser. This of course only sets it temporarily, so it is probably easiest to add it as a startup item rather than messing with xorg. Just create a new startup item and add the whole of the above xinput set-button-map command in it. It is critical that there are spaces between the numbers after your device number, and of course use the actual device name of your hardware, not my example.

Again, see the article and Ubuntu forums for more information and discussion- you can probably experiment and invert a lot of the other functions of the touchpad as well; you can reset your experimentation (which is temporary anyway, unless you put a command in startup) by just simply placing the numbers in order again:

xinput set-button-map 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12


XPS 15: Black screen with blinking cursor after update

Have you done selected correct settings while making live making live usb because I also faced same issue while installing Ubuntu It was working fine but after rebooting it disspeared and the grub screen was not present so I refer rufus software while making a live usb and selecting GPT or MBR partitioning scheme according to your laptop.


Where should I install software in Ubuntu?

There are some "standard" locations that users tend to install programs:

~/.local/: Created by some applications, most notably aws-cli and allows you to isolate any programs to your user only.
~/usr/: much like the above, with the only difference being that you see it when you ls your home directory; This is often the default directory when you compile your own packages
/usr/: Requires root access to install, but not to read, so long as your permissions are set up correctly.

But you can install your program just about anywhere and so long as you know where it is, you will be able to run it.


How to fix Netbeans 7.4 (and Netbeans 8.0) Ugly Text and Popups in Ubuntu 13.10?

1. Fonts

I searched a bit on this issue, but I didn't find a way on how to make the fonts "bolder". The issue does not seem to be Ubuntu 13.10-specific however. The link you refer to is about another bug, that actually makes some text a bit thicker. (see below)

I did find some things that can help you, I do not know if you will find them better, feel free to try them.

Make it use system fonts in menu and other places

This bug actually makes a lot of the text nicer in my opinion. Just sudo apt-get install fonts-unfonts-core and restart netbeans. (only works with JDK7) It will look like this:

However, this does not change the editor font.

Change theme

Changing the theme changes the fonts a bit, however, it does not make them thicker.

gedit ~/netbeans-7.4/etc/netbeans.conf

And add --laf Metal to the netbeans_default_options

The default theme is "GTK". I like "Metal" myself. you can find a complete list of themes on the netbeans website

Other options

i have not tried it out myself but this answer seems promising. Let me know if it looks better...

2. Overflow

I do not understand what you mean. Maybe a screenshot would help?

3. Weird windows that have wrong size, wrong shading

Seems to be a bug in java. If i use JDK6 it is actually way worse...


Vnc Ubuntu 14.04 destop don't show menus icon

This could work for you :

open a terminal and go root by running

sudo -i

run following commands to Update:

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

Install Ubuntu Desktop & Gnome-fallback by running following command one at a time:

apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
apt-get install gnome-session-fallback

Once installed ubuntu desktop and gnome-fallback Install and start GDM

apt-get install gdm

if you already installed GDM ,gnome before use

dpkg-reconfigure gdm

and choose GDM

service gdm start

once choosen gdm, Install TightVNCServer and set password

apt-get install tightvncserver
vncserver -geometry 1024x768 :1 //It will ask for a password
vncserver -kill :1

Once all this succeed edit xstartup file, i.e, ~/.vnc/xstartup:

nano ~/.vnc/xstartup

Paste this in:

#!/bin/sh

unset SESSION_MANAGER
/etc/X11/xinint/

xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
#x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
x-window-manager &
# Fix to make GNOME work
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
#/etc/X11/Xsession

gnome-session --session=gnome-fallback &

Then start a new vnc connection:

vncserver -geometry 1024x768 :1

And login, you should see a screen with a menu bar at the top that looks a bit like this: http://i.imgur.com/xvsKOY3.png

or simple solution use xfce4 instead of gnome

# apt-get install gnome-core xfce4 firefox nano -y --force-yes

and use this xstartup file

#!/bin/sh
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
startxfce4 &

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &

xfce4 is way better and faster than gnome for vnc on ubuntu.


Assuming your this question is a followup Question of this https://askubuntu.com/a/1171364/739431 and you are aware of the warning

Be Careful while editing the gdm3.css or its original file.. small mistakes in code.. will not let you login.. you need special support to bring back things to normal.. Proceed with your own.

I think below changed codes from the file /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/communitheme/gnome-shell.css will do what you are looking for..

for easy Identification I have given 4 colors green, blue, yellow & orange..

.end-session-dialog-shutdown-icon {
  color: green;
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px; }

Other

.modal-dialog, .prompt-dialog, .audio-device-selection-dialog, .access-dialog, .geolocation-dialog, .extension-dialog, .inhibit-shortcuts-dialog, .nm-dialog {
  color: blue;
  background-color: yellow;
  border: 1px solid #cccccc;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 9px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); }

Other

.modal-dialog-linked-button {
  border-right-width: 1px;
  transition-duration: 200ms;
  background-color: orange;
  border-color: #e6e6e6;
  color: #3D3D3D;
  icon-shadow: none;
  text-shadow: none;
  padding: 12px;
  border-top: 1px solid #cccccc; }

Please note that this may change the behaviour of other popus or menu colors because of the combined code..

for example:

.modal-dialog, .prompt-dialog, .audio-device-selection-dialog, .access-dialog, .geolocation-dialog, .extension-dialog, .inhibit-shortcuts-dialog, .nm-dialog

Edit:

.modal-dialog-linked-button {
  border-right-width: 1px;
  transition-duration: 200ms;
  background-color: orange;
  border-color: #e6e6e6;
  color: cyan;
  icon-shadow: none;
  text-shadow: none;
  padding: 12px;
  border-top: 1px solid #cccccc; }

Look for color Cyan


Ubuntu 14.04 repeats the background voice for every input

Go to System Preferences → Universal Access → Seeing tab
Turn Screen Reader off.

Hope this helps.


msmtp hangs instead of delivering the message

In my case this problem was caused because msmtp enables StartTLS by default. When StartTLS is enabled, msmtp will connect to the server and wait for the server to send data (the SMTP welcome message). If the server does not support StartTLS and expects the connection to be encrypted with SSL from the beginning, it will not send data and will wait for the client to set the SSL connection up.

So you can try setting tls_starttls off in the defaults section of ~/.msmtprc. Also check that the port is correct.

(To troubleshoot this problem, I verified with strace msmtp that when msmtp was hanging it was connecting to the right server on the right port and waiting to receive data, whereas using openssl s_client on the same server and port seemed to work.)


Gnome-Terminal stretch background image to fit window size

I don't think that there is a specific option to fit the image according to the window size.

The only options supported by gnome-terminal to modify the background are listed below:

$ gconftool-2 --recursive-list /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default | grep background
scroll_background = false
background_darkness = 0.58315799999999995
background_image = /usr/share/backgrounds/Forever_by_Shady_S.jpg
background_color = #000000000000
background_type = image

When I set /usr/share/backgrounds/Forever_by_Shady_S.jpg I get the following gnome-terminal window:

In order to have a background image automatically resized/adjusted to your terminal window size you could try urxvt:

sudo apt-get install rxvt-unicode

and run your terminal this way:

urxvt -pixmap /usr/share/backgrounds/Forever_by_Shady_S.jpg -fg white

The result will automatically resize the background image when you resize the window:


rule out a url from my proxy configuration on unity

You may need a proxy configuration script (PAC). It is a universal solution, and works in any DE, any platform, with any browser.

In your proxy settings, either in browser, or from Network in Unity, select 'Automatic proxy configuration URL' and type in a path like /home/<Your-user-name>/proxy or some other convinient path.

Open a text editor, ( Search in Dash to find gedit -the default text editor) and write something like this. Save it to the path entered above, when done. Modify to your needs.

function FindProxyForURL(url, host)
{
// Loopback and localhost goes browser direct always.
    var reip;
    if ((host == "localhost") ||
           (shExpMatch(host, "localhost.*")) ||
           (shExpMatch(host,"10.*")) ||
           (shExpMatch(host,"172.16.*")) ||
           (shExpMatch(host,"192.168.*")) ||
           (shExpMatch(host,"144.16.128.*")) ||
           (host == "127.0.0.1")) {
        return "DIRECT";
    }
// Local Sites
    if (dnsDomainIs(host, ".example.com") ||
       dnsDomainIs(host, ".qwerty.org")) {
        return "DIRECT";
    }
// Test to see if host is an IP address
// Put any ranges you want to skip proxy here.
    reip = /^\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+$/g;
    if (reip.test(host)) {
        if (isInNet(host, "10.0.0.0", "255.0.0.0") ||
            isInNet(host, "172.16.0.0", "255.255.0.0") ||
            isInNet(host, "144.16.128.0", "255.255.240.0") ||
            isInNet(host,"192.168.0.0", "255.255.0.0")) {
             return "DIRECT";
        }
    }
// Default to proxy.
    return "PROXY <server>:<port>";
}

As you see, complex configurations can be made out of PAC scripts. The above script skips proxy for any address of type *.example.com and *.qwerty.org and any ip that matches the ranges. All other requests are routed through proxy server.

P.S: I've seen a empty line at top and bottom in all PAC scripts I've seen so far, so I suggest you add a newline both at top and mottom. Just in case...


External display detected but stays blank

Turns out the nVidia drivers and a reboot/power-cycle did indeed make the 2nd display become visible. It now detects as XXX 49" which is probably b/c the display is a Black Friday 50" TV purchase. It's amazing what we can get these days for cheap.

After I ran ubuntu-drivers to see what it could see, and what was recommended, I ran sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall.

I hope this helps the next guy.


Mass renaming directories to move the year from end to beginning

Assuming you have access to perl rename (generally available in Ubuntu -  thanks to @Serg for clarifying the difference. If in doubt, call /usr/bin/rename and you should get the right one), you could use:
rename -n 's/(.*) - (\d{4})\//$2 - $1/' */

Remove -n after testing to actually rename the directories. This assumes all the albums date between 1000 and 9999. Probably reasonable...
Explanation

s/old/new replace old with new
(.*) save any number of any characters to reference as $1 later
(\d{4})\/ save four digits at the end of the line to reference as $2 later.
*/ match all directories (not files - thanks to @muru for help!)


KDE Discover You have no authorization to execute this operation (Kubuntu 20.04)

You are missing polkit-kde-agent-1 . Here is the package info I got with sudo apt show polkit-kde-agent-1 :
Package: polkit-kde-agent-1
Version: 4:5.18.4.1-0ubuntu1
Priority: optional
Section: universe/kde
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Debian/Kubuntu Qt/KDE Maintainers <debian-qt-kde@lists.debian.org>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 430 kB
Provides: polkit-1-auth-agent
Depends: policykit-1, libc6 (>= 2.4), libkf5coreaddons5 (>= 4.100.0), libkf5crash5 (>= 4.96.0), libkf5dbusaddons5 (>= 4.97.0), libkf5i18n5 (>= 4.97.0), libkf5iconthemes5 (>= 4.96.0), libkf5widgetsaddons5 (>= 5.36.0+git20170804), libkf5windowsystem5 (>= 5.62.0), libpolkit-qt5-1-1 (>= 0.112.0), libqt5core5a (>= 5.12.2), libqt5dbus5 (>= 5.9.0~), libqt5gui5 (>= 5.9.0~) | libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.9.0~), libqt5widgets5 (>= 5.9.0~), libstdc++6 (>= 4.1.1)
Breaks: polkit-kde-1 (<< 5.1.95~)
Replaces: polkit-kde-1 (<< 5.1.95~)
Homepage: https://projects.kde.org/projects/kde/workspace/polkit-kde-agent-1
Task: kubuntu-desktop, lubuntu-desktop
Download-Size: 54,7 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: no
APT-Sources: http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 Packages
Description: KDE dialogs for PolicyKit
 PolicyKit is an application-level toolkit for defining and handling the policy
 that allows unprivileged processes to speak to privileged processes.
 .
 It is a framework for centralizing the decision making process with respect to
 granting access to privileged operations (like calling the HAL Mount() method)
 for unprivileged (desktop) applications.
 .
 PolicyKit-Kde provides a D-Bus session bus service that is used to
 bring up authentication dialogs used for obtaining privileges.

You should also take a look at the Debian info page for more information and a nicer representation of the info above.
If you feel confident enough to install it use
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install polkit-kde-agent-1

Make sure to check all the dependecies afterwards!
If you don't feel confident enough to do so you could also change the Discover shortcut to open with sudo. But beware that it will not prompt you for a password confirmation before intalling or updating from Discover. It will open Discover as root which is NOT recommended.
To do so it is easies to

Right-click on the Discover entry in the start menu and view the
option to edit the application.
Then go to the programm tap
and edit the command to use sudo

you can copy this
sudo plasma-discover %F


USB internet (airtel - Huawei E392) dongle not detected after upgrade to 12.10

Try adding the connection manually. In Network Connections click Add, choose Mobile Broadband. Does the usb device show up in Create a connection for this mobile broadband device?

If yes - simply follow the steps to create the connection.


This is learning the hard way why it is potentially harmful to run commands recursively or with wildcards. This is especially true for commands we run as root.

Nevertheless we need to do so occasionally. Most of the time we will be warned if something bad may happen. This was also the case when you had purged packages using a wildcard * to remove all packages and their dependencies containing icec*. The system did tell you what it is going to remove, and it did ask you for confirmation Y/n:

[... long list of packages to remove]
After this operation, 978 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?

Whenecer you see a message like this, please make a break. Stop hitting keys, read the message and think over it again. Only if it seems exactly what you wanted you may press Y. In the case of purging icec* you will then be going to remove most of your system.

  To purge a package please use the complete package name rather than a wildcard abbreviation to make sure you will not remove any packages you may still need. If you do use wildcards please be extra careful.

The fastest and safest way to recover your system will now be to backaup your data and then reinstall Ubuntu (take care to not delete your /home directory).


Can't boot Windows 10 after Ubuntu 16.04 was installed

This is what you need: Boot Repair

Refer to the instructions given on the site and your windows boot entry will be added to the grub menu.


Trying to configure Wake On Lan with ethtool on Ubuntu 20.04

Did you run the ethtool command as root? If not, use sudo.


After installing Ubuntu I no longer have the option to start Windows 7 Professional

You can try using Boot-Repair: Boot-Repair instructions


I found a guy who created an app for it. Looks like it works with older
versions of Ubuntu 13.04, 12.10 and 12.04 for example. Maybe it will work
since 14.04 is closely based on the same architecture as 13.04. Try it out:
http://www.webupd8.org/2012/12/how-to-mount-android-40-ubuntu-go-mtpfs.html

I'm considering getting A Galaxy S4 soon. If I have success I'll post it.
Good luck!


permission propagation when dumping text into file

You can execute the bash shell (remember the full path)
quoting "" all your command as argument with the option -c

sudo /bin/bash -c "mysqldump --default-character-set=utf8 -u root -pwelcome1 mydb > dump.sql"


Agreed, as of 1st Jan 2013 (might be outdated by the time you read this answer, additional info suggestions welcome via comments), there are several good guides (1, 2) addressing a "yay-i-got-it-working" install, but you'll end up with a frankly unusable system where everything is tiny.

So I don't have any answer, but I'm compiling a few facts for anyone with the same question:

Window Manager / Desktop Environment:

Reports (1, 2) indicate that GNOME Shell (and KDE) currently manage High-DPI better than Unity 12.10. You'll suffer from tiny icons in applications, but Shell itself will correctly scale.
Discussions happened on summer 2012 in this gnome-devel-list thread, but to sum up: nothing happens because developers have no test hardware; if you want progress done, buy them a MBP Retina.
A similar thread was brought up on the unity-design mailing list, but did not go much further.

GTK: Bugzilla has Bug 546711, which hasn't seen lots of activity recently. Summary: a patch was proposed years ago but wasn't satisfying. Properly fixing the bug requires more work, probably down to the X level.


sudo command and how to auto get password

It's better to change sudo rules instead storing clear password in a text file :

Create a new file like /etc/sudoers.d/script_rights and push

%user ALL = NOPASSWD:/sbin/shutdown

where user is the user allow to run the script.sh. Then the script will not ask the password to run the shutdown command.