sending Http request from request message programatically - HTTP DATASET CSIC 2010

You can use curl. Depending on which of the HTTP headers you really need you have to construct your command. You can add a header to the command using -H 'Accept-Language: en'. Multiple headers just repeat this argument. I recommend reading the man page of curl. As you have & sign in your urls you need to quote the url in order to prevent the shell from interpreting the & signs as background process.

curl -H 'Accept-Language: en' 'http://localhost:8080/tienda1/public/anadir...'


Firefox 4 UI icons disappeared after upgrade to 11.04

For some reason, icons don't show up in 32-bit Firefox versions on 64-bit Ubuntu 11.04 (at least on my system).   I'm guessing this is what you're seeing.

You can fix it simply by running a 64-bit version of Firefox.  You can download the latest version, Firefox 5, from here:
  https://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/releases/5.0/linux-x86_64/en-US/

You can extract that to e.g. $HOME/programs/firefox/, and then symlink its "firefox" binary into $HOME/bin/ -- that should make this downloaded version be run preferentially over your other version, when you (or your gnome menu) invoke "firefox".


How to create files and directorys in var/www?

In a terminal use the next commands:

cd = Change Directory

cd /var/www

mkdir = Make Directory, this command requires elevated privileges, so run it with sudo or gksudo

sudo mkdir foldername

(where foldername is the name of the folder that you wish to create).

You can create subfolders from within /var/www without changing to the desired destination by using:

sudo mkdir foldername/subfolder

cp = Copy one or more files to another destination

cp PATHTOSOURCE/file.php PATHTODESTINATION

This can be used for any kind of file.

Note: If you wish to use a GUI for these tasks, you can use Nautilus with elevated privileges, simply hit Alt+F2 and write gksudo nautilus, then Enter after which you will see Nautilus File Browser, press Control+L and write /var/www and you can copy/paste or drag/drop anything you wish with ease.

For a comprehensive list of the commands, visit: http://ss64.com/bash/

Good luck!


Can't load Application Launcher in Kubuntu 17.04

Here's how I was able to resolve this issue:

sudo apt install kwin-x11

Then reboot the system:
    sudo reboot

If that still doesn't work, try:

sudo apt install sddm xserver-xorg

Then reboot.


gdm3 display manager hangs after booting with Ubuntu 18.10

Not sure if this is going to fix your problem, but it's quick, so it's worth a try...

You may have a problem with an older computer, with an older GPU. Try this...

boot to recovery mode
choose root access

type:

sudo mount -o remount,rw /      # to remount the disk r/w

sudo pico /etc/gdm3/custom.conf # edit this file

change:

#WaylandEnable=false

to:

WaylandEnable=false

Then reboot.


Screen freezes after screen saver when watching fullscreen videos. Disable screensaver when using flash

Try using a different version of flash, it may fix your problem.

Here's a script that installs the latest version of pepper flash on firefox. It might fix your problem.  https://db.tt/rHEJ2e0l

to run it, open terminal, cd into the location where the script is and install type:

chmod +x freshplayer_maintainer.sh; ./freshplayer_maintainer.sh

and the rest should be self explanatory


Type disks in Dash, and open the application which would open up a window showing all your storage devices. Click on the device on which your partition resided, and then select the partition which you want to rename. You can see a gear icon below the Volumes graph. Click on the gear and then on Edit Filesystem Label..., you can rename it to a valid name, please avoid using special characters except blank spaces, if you don't feel adventurous ;-)
A similar question has just been accepted by the asker. Please have a look.


Some of your reference materials are a little out of date.
What used to be called the usbcore module is now builtin.
You can check by attempting to remove it:

$ sudo modprobe -v -r usbcore
modprobe: FATAL: Module usbcore is builtin.


Is it practically useful to decline GUI for a newbie in Ubuntu?

Honestly, for most of these programs it is enough to simply know their name. When installed from a repo, they tend to add themselves into your path, or a symbolic link to the applications binary is added into a folder in your path already.

Also, man (manuals!) is your best friend!

man apt-get | less

Then you can scroll up and down, line by line rather than having to go by entire pages, (depending on your version/distro, this may be the default functionality of man) it can be very useful when trying to get that next line of output.

And last, but definitely not least, if you are new to linux, your package manager apt-get, is going to be your best friend. For experience you should install some programs from source, but knowing your package manager and being able to search it will be invaluable as a time saver.

Hopefully this helps some.


You don't need to make a .desktop file executable. It is not executed anyway but rather read by the system which will run the application indicated on its Exec=... line.
In Ubuntu 20.04, Unity tweak tool was replaced with Gnome Tweaks. So /usr/share/applications/Unity-tweak-tool.desktop is obsolete and replaced with /usr/share/applications/org.gnome.tweaks.desktop.
Install it with sudo apt install gnome-tweaks.
Solutions to run it then:

Press the Super/Windows key on your keyboard, which will open Gnome Dash. Then type tweaks and click on the Tweaks icon to run it.

Run gnome-tweaks in a terminal (found in org.gnome.tweaks.desktop)

In a terminal gtk-launch org.gnome.tweaks will launch the app through the .desktop file


Getting OpenSSL aes output in hex format

Vice Versa, I tested your encrypted-text to get back plain-text. From base64 to hex, and then converted using the key and iv you provide. The plaintext get back is not as same as the one you define here. Please make sure that iv and key are correct ones. I check other ciphers and plaintext with key and iv I have. The online tool provides correct ones. Thanks.


Ubuntu 16.04 headset microphone not recognized

There is a workaround for the Asus X555U with the Realtek ALC256 place for this, only works till reboot.

sudo hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x1a SET_AMP_GAIN_MUTE 0x5003
sudo hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x1a SET_AMP_GAIN_MUTE 0x6003
sudo hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x23 SET_AMP_GAIN_MUTE 0x5200
sudo hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x23 SET_AMP_GAIN_MUTE 0x6200
sudo hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x08 SET_AMP_GAIN_MUTE 0x503f
sudo hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x08 SET_AMP_GAIN_MUTE 0x603f
sudo hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x08 SET_POWER_STATE 0
sudo hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x1a SET_POWER_STATE 0

See here for more: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-driver/+bug/1596381


Google Chrome on 12.10 right-click causes browser tab to freeze, how do I debug?

Similar bugs were related to nvidia and libcairo. Please, try this command:

nvidia-settings -a InitialPixmapPlacement=0

Also check wasn't libcairo package updated.


Audio delays progressively when recording with ffmpeg

I had the same problem.

Your computer is probably underpowered for the codecs your are trying to use.

my solution was to choose a different codec https://askubuntu.com/a/154275/56440


Netbooks for sale without Windows in the UK

I'm not up on gear prices in UK, but this meets the "no farking windows" requirement: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/11/jolibook-goes-on-sale-in-the-uk-for-279/


Share files in virtualbox between  Ubuntu host and  WindowsXp guest

You can share a directory between the host and the guest machines. For that, one of the ways is going in virtualbox front-end, you select your virtual machine and click on settings. In the settings, you go to shared folders and add the directory you want to share (and the options - read only or read-write)

After you boot your virtual machine, you can get to this shared folder using the Network Places icon and adding a new network place for this folder (will be in \\VBOXSVR\the_name_you_gave).

You need the virtualbox guest additions installed in your guest machine to do this. You can download and install them from virtualbox manual


Neverwinter Nights does not run in 12.10

If you have a fresh installation of Ubuntu, there are a few things you usually need to install before running Neverwinter Nights. You should cd to the nwn folder and run

./fixinstall

(like you will have done when initially installing the game). This will check the game files and make sure you are ready to run the game. It is also worth manually checking that everything is executable that needs to be. (See also the bioware site for a good general tutorial and forum on Neverwinter Nights).

The most important dependency of the game is SDL, as we usually use the system SDL rather than the old, buggy version that comes with the client. So please enter:

sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2debian libsdl-sound1.2 libsdl-mixer1.2 libsdl-net1.2 libsdl-image1.2

You should also make sure you are using the following line in the nwn script in the nwn folder:

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=./miles:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

If you are using the movie patch as noted at the Bioware site, you will need to install the dependencies for the BinkPlayer.

sudo apt-get install libstdc++5 libx11-dev

I assume that you have the BinkPlayer executable in the nwn folder and the line

export LD_PRELOAD=./nwmovies.so

in the nwn script in the nwn folder.

If none of these suggestions fixes the problem, please cd to the nwn folder and run:

strace -o nwn.log ./nwn $@

(As you have done, you could also put strace -o nwnmain.log ./nwmain $@ in the nwn script and then run the script with ./nwn.)  The resulting log files in your game folder might contain some useful information. As included by you in the comments, the logfiles are nwn.log and nwnmain.log.

After examining your log files and comparing (in particular) your nwnmain.log results to mine, there are some differences (although most of the unimportant errors are common).

You don't have open("./nwmovies.so", and all that goes after that, but you may not have applied the movie patch.
There are many ./lib references in your file and none in mine, so I wonder if there are any errant ./lib references in your nwn script.
Your file obviously terminates with a segfault, but I think the main problem is that the libraries cannot be found properly. You can confirm this by going to the nwn folder and running ldd nwmain.

In sum, I should make sure the game is set up properly (as I noted earlier in the answer), look for any errant references to ./lib in your config files, check that your libraries are being loaded properly (and if not perhaps add them to the nwn script with LD_LIBRARY_PATH), and check the permissions on your files are correct so that they will run properly.


Nvidia cards use their own display settings when you install the proprietary drivers. Try changing the resolution in the Nvidia Settings Manager by opening the Unity dash and typing in "nvidia". The Settings Manager should be the first thing that comes up.

From there, go to "X Server Display Settings" and change the resolution to your screen's native resolution, then click "Apply" to test it. Your screen will flicker and bounce a little as everything adjusts, but if all goes well, you should have your desktop at the proper resolution. Make sure to confirm that setting in the dialog that pops up, so that it doesn't revert automatically.

Finally, click "Write to configuration" to make the changes permanent. It will likely prompt you for your password, since writing to the video config requires sudo.


How can you add an item to the right-click menu in nautilus (without Nautilus-Actions)?

In my case, I needed to make a script for Meld to compare modifications to folders/files.

I'm running on UbuntuGNOME 14.04, with gnome-shell 3.10 and Nautilus (Files) 3.10.1.

And I've done like this:

Open the folder ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/.
(Optionally) Create a sub-folder to your script, which in my case was Meld/.
Create your bash, perl or python script (see the sample at the end of answer).
Make your script executable (right-click at script file > properties > permissions > mark the execute option)
To make sure that Nautilus will apply the changes, I've restarted Nautilus, running nautilus -q; nautilus; in a terminal.

And now, you can right-click on any folder/file to see the context menu Scripts > my-script.

Sample: scripts/Meld/Compare_with_Meld

#!/bin/bash
meld $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS

Predefined Nautilus variables:

NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS newline-delimited paths for selected files - only if local ( i.e. /home/user/someFile).
NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS newline-delimited URIs for selected files (i.e. file:///home/user/someFile).
NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI current location
NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_WINDOW_GEOMETRY position and size of current window


Ubuntu server-sysadmin package-managment docs: best to read Debian's docs?  Any Ubuntu-specific?

On help.ubuntu.com.

Specifically, here's a link to the article on package-management for 12.04.

  Are the above authoritative and canonical (no pun intended) for Debian?

The debian-reference book is. The wiki probably has some good links.

I'd also recommend the recently released Debian Administrator's Handbook (which isn't Debian documentation but was written by a Debian Developer and is fairly broad).

  Do these docs completely apply to Ubuntu?

Almost completely. The major differences are that Ubuntu has:

the main/universe split,
a different release processes,
more stable releases available at any given time, and
update-manager for upgrading between releases, where Debian has long release notes, explaining how to do it by hand.

  Do any related, Ubuntu-specific docs exist?

See help.ubuntu.com.

  Possibly presenting diffs between Debian, Ubuntu package management systems, if any?

Not that I know of. But the differences are so small...


File system becomes "Read-Only" on Ubuntu 11.10 using ext4

Have you tried booting from a newer version of Ubuntu and trying to access the same drive as Ubuntu 11.04 is using an older kernel with older drivers and probably some bugs that has been fixed in the newer version that MAY be linked with the problem if it isn't the SSD itself...


Ubuntu 18.04 tigervnc: Authentication is required to create a color profile

I fixed this by creating this file and setting perms to 644, and owner root:root:

Filename:  /etc/polkit-1/localauthority.conf.d/02-allow-colord.conf

Contents:

polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {
  if ((action.id == "org.freedesktop.color-manager.create-device"  ||
       action.id == "org.freedesktop.color-manager.create-profile" ||
       action.id == "org.freedesktop.color-manager.delete-device"  ||
       action.id == "org.freedesktop.color-manager.delete-profile" ||
       action.id == "org.freedesktop.color-manager.modify-device"  ||
       action.id == "org.freedesktop.color-manager.modify-profile"
      ) && (
       subject.isInGroup("{nogroup}")
      )
     )
  {
    return polkit.Result.YES;
  }
});


This project looks interesting - try Dual Clip Translator: http://sourceforge.net/projects/dcliptranslator/

It's "powered by Google", so I bet it will do Russian to English.

The only downside to this program is that there are no DEB's or RPM's. Look for some documentation to find out how to use it. My suspicion is that Linux users must compile from source.


Unresponsive/Laggy Dash with an Intel video card that shows up as "Unknown"

I have encountered similar problem - overall system performance was superb, but the moment i've hit the dash button, a major lagging started.

After installing ccsm i determined that in my case problem was connected to blur in dash. Surprisingly the solution for me was to activate KDE Compatibility -> Blur support in CCSM. You can also try to disable blur or change it to static (ubuntu unity plugin  -> experimental -> dash blur).

To install CompizConfig Setting Manager type/copy into terminal:

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Please, be very careful with this tool, it can really break your system.

I hope this will help with your problem.
Good luck.


How to open Nautilus (File Manager) preferences?

On Ubuntu 17.10.1, the top left corner of the screen next to Activities, you'll find Files with a drop-down arrow:

Click on Files, then in the list that appears, click on Preferences.


I think not, but there is a feature request open about it.


How to enable Paste function with Ctrl-Shift-V in Ubuntu 13.10?

I assume you are using ENGLISH (US) keyboard layout. Otherwise see here.

For me it works with Ctrl+RIGHT_Shift+V in all keyboard layouts Ubuntu 13.10.

The same in LIBREOFFICE + OPENOFFICE

It does NOT work with  Ctrl+LEFT_Shift+V because Ctrl+LEFT_shift is assigned to a different combination in keyboard settings. Check your settings. See here for my example:


Bash CLI remove quotes from output of a command

You can use the tr command to remove the quotes:

my_json=$(cat ~/Downloads/json.txt | jq '.name' | tr -d \")


What does /bin/bash -c mean in service unit?

It's not a matter of permissions. There is simply no shell involved in executing the ExecStart string. Only a command and the options to be passed to that command, but neither redirections nor piping nor concatening with ; nor substitution or any other shell functionality. Thus, your "redirections" are passed as options to your app (only you know how your app handles this).

You can change this by calling a shell and giving your command and redirections as command string to the shell. This is what the -c option does.

But think about why not use the services and logging as intended by systemd: By default stdout and stderr of a systemd unit are sent to syslog. You can configure it with the StandardOutput= line in your service. Have a look at man systemd.exec


Make your file executable using :

chmod a+x <your_file>.bin
Now run it using :

./<your_file>.bin


Home folder from old install on a different partition

These instructions assume that you have the same username on both partitions. If you don't, you will need to find another tutorial to change the username of the 17.04 one to the 16.10 one.

Download the Ubuntu ISO and write it to an external storage device or CD: How to create a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from terminal? for external storage device (WARNING: THIS WILL WIPE THE EXTERNAL STORAGE DEVICE) or https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto for a CD.
Reboot into the USB/CD and click Try Ubuntu. Go into the dash and open GParted. Unmount all partitions if mounted.
Resize the large, over 400GB partition to as small as it can be. Make sure the free space is now at the end. http://gparted.org/display-doc.php%3Fname%3Dmoving-space-between-partitions.
Create a partition of type ext4 in the remaining free space.
Now exit GParted and open a terminal. Run the following commands to find and mount the drives you need to:

sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda

Record all three partition numbers, where x is your 17.04 partition, y is your 16.10 partition and z is your new partition.
Now run:

sudo mkdir /mnt/mnt{1..3}
sudo mount /dev/sday /mnt/mnt1
sudo mount /dev/sdaz /mnt/mnt2

These commands will take a long time:

sudo mv -v /mnt/mnt1/home/* /mnt/mnt2/

If you got an out of space error, repeat step 3 and then resize /dev/sdaz so that it contains all the free space. Then rerun step 8. If you get an out of space error again, keep repeating this step until you don't have an out of space error.
Now reopen GParted and resize partitions so there is no free space. If you really want, you can keep the free space.
Reboot into your Ubuntu 16.10 system. Go to a VT (CTRL + ALT + F3). Login and follow these instructions: Adding an entry to fstab.
Repeat step 11 for Ubuntu 17.04.
Finally finished. Any problems please comment!


I'm not certain as to what you are asking, but dual booting Windows and Ubuntu, as well as just having Ubuntu as your single OS, is very doable.

Here is an in-depth guide on how to install Ubuntu 14.04.

You can initially try Ubuntu by running it off a CD/USB key. Clicking "Install Ubuntu 14.04" will guide through through the process. You will hit an "Installation Type" screen as seen below.

If you plan on Ubuntu as your only operating system, you should go ahead and click "Replace Windows X with Ubuntu".

If you want to dual-boot Windows and Ubuntu, I suggest clicking "Something Else", which will allow you to properly partition your hard drive. Both Windows and Ubuntu should be in separate partitions. You can resize the partitions however you like, as long as they are sufficiently large.


How do I get one monitor on top of the other?

Use the "Monitors" application under System/Prefences and just drag the right hand monitor above the left hand monitor. Click apply and you're done.


Dual monitor issues with Intel graphical card, after upgrade from 18.04 to 20.04

In the end, this was really a matter of hardware. The monitor was actually defective, and often produced a flickering screen. Either the transition from 18.04 to 20.04 had made it worse, or it simply coincided with the monitor's deterioration. We will never be entirely sure.
In any case, upgrading to a new monitor solved the problem.


removal of grub boot loader from dual boot with windows 10

To do so you will need a windows installation cd/dvd/liveUSB
put it in your optical drive/ USB drive and boot from it
on the installation screen where it asks you to install windows, click on Repair Your Computer on the lower left corner of your screen
Now go to command prompt (It probably will show a window saying "Trying to repair windows automatically", close it) and type bootrec. /fixmbr
after it finishes GRUB is gone and you can now boot into windows directly
you have an Ubuntu partition left in your computer, that doesn't show in "My Computer", to access that, right click on "My Computer" and Select "Manage" and go to "Disk Management"
Select the Ubuntu partition and format it to a file system that windows can use.

If this doesn't solve you problem and you've tried this then please explain your question throughly.


Double boot doesn't work - Windows 10 / Ubuntu 14.04

Try reinstalling, but reinstall windows as well...

Create an Ubuntu bootable usb
Clean out your drive completely (Remove all partitions)
First install windows and leave some free space for ubuntu
Then reboot a couple of times, and then boot into a usb and install ubuntu into the free space by creating a partition and swap

Another thing you could do is here:
http://www.howtogeek.com/114884/how-to-repair-grub2-when-ubuntu-wont-boot/


Lost internet after update to ubuntu 16.04

Reputation too low to make a comment vs. answer, but have you checked if there are duplicate device listings in Network Manager?

If your e-mail works and other services don't possibly you have the same issue that I had, post upgrade to 16.04, with duplicate entries in the GUI of Network Manager.  These duplicates weren't configured per my network's configuration and thus caused issues.

To resolve I deleted all devices, rebooted, then configured the discovered devices correctly for my LAN's proxy needs.


ls system command not showing terminal colors

ls is aliased by default as: ls --color=auto so when ls is in a terminal that supports colour, it uses colour codes.

A system() call doesn't happen in a bash session so your aliases aren't evaluated. I'm also not sure what would happen with the automatic detection so I would make it force colourised output by hotwiring the command:

system("ls --color=always -l -d */");

I've tested that and it works. --color=auto worked too and that might be safer.

This phenomenon can happen even without it being in a C system() call. I've been through a similar problem with watch with somebody else. Run watch ls -l and you won't see colours. There's also an explanation on why --colour=auto doesn't always work.


Acroread

If you can't get it in software center, Check https://get.adobe.com/uk/reader/otherversions/ . Download .deb package.

Adobe dropped Linux support, but still possible to find it here:

ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/reader/unix/
http://archive.canonical.com/pool/partner/a/acroread/ (repackaged)


Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/gitlab-ce_12.2.0-ce.0_amd64.deb

The error message is self-explanatory.  Upgrade your instance to Gitlab CE 11.11 first.  Then upgrade to 12 series.

Start by installing it:

sudo apt-get install gitlab-ce=11.11.8-ce.0

This is the latest 11.11 release version.  THEN, once you've upgrade to this normally

sudo apt-get upgrade

and everything works, upgrade to version 12:


Could not resolve archive.ubuntu.com when reinstalling xorg

I had this problem.  It was because my wireless wasn't functioning for some reason while xserver wasn't running.  I had to do a wired connection, then it all worked fine.


Ubuntu 14.10 Some windows with transparent background

You might want to rebuild your sources.list file
go to this website
here you can make your sources.list file again.

make sure you dont add Gnome PPA this time.

select all that applies to you, except for Backports - Unsupported Updates and Proposed - Pre-released Updates. Make you sure you select only those PPAs of softwares you have installed.
Then copy the list generated and paste all of it sources.list file(you can open sources.list file by sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list). Make sure that you overwrite that file so that old content in it are removed.

Also you have to copy and paste all commands in the "Getting the GPG keys:" section one by one.

OR
you can use Y-PPA manager for this.


RethinkDB has changed their repository url.
It is now:
https://download.rethinkdb.com/repository/ubuntu-(insert version name here) (insert version name here) main

For Ubuntu Eoan, the url would be
https://download.rethinkdb.com/repository/ubuntu-eoan eoan main

Source: RethinkDB


How to fix Sketchup in Wine when tool starts, but displays empty workspace?

This is what fixed the blank window and update lags for me when running SketchUp 8 under Wine and Ubuntu 12.04. Start SkethUp like this:

vblank_mode=0 wine /your/path/to/SketchUp.exe

In my case I created a shell script to start SketchUp with this command:

#!/bin/bash
vblank_mode=0 wine $HOME/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/Google/Google\ SketchUp\ 8/SketchUp.exe


Updated to 14.04.1 can't launch desktop, black screen with cross cursor

Looks like the X11 server is starting but the gnome-session is not.  If the gnome-session does not start, then Compiz and Unity will not be started either.

Try looking in ~/.cache/upstart/gnome-session-Unity.log to see if there are any obvious errors.


Application always show in the third position in Ubuntu 16.04

There is a special invisible launcher item called "Running Apps" which is always present in your launcher favorites and determines at which position the icons of unpinned running apps appear. In your case, it obviously somehow got to a weird position, but it's easily fixable.

There are two ways, an easy way and of course also the nerdy command-line way ;-)

I want it easy to do and to remember!

The most simple way is to just drag and drop your launcher icons in the right order.

Therefore open one application that is not pinned to the launcher, like the Appearance Settings in your screenshot. It must not be pinned, otherwise this won't work.

Then you do not drag the unpinned icon, because that will not affect the position of the special "Running Apps" item but just pin the dragged icon to the new location.
Instead, drag all icons from below/the right (works for both launcher orientations) of the unpinned one to directly above/the left of it. That way you move the unpinned icon to the bottom/right without touching it.

When it reached the position where you want all unpinned application icons to appear, you're done. You can now close that window and open it again or new ones to test that it worked.

I'm feeling nerdy today, let's hack it through the terminal!

Your pinned launcher items are called "favorites" and are stored as dconf settings in your user profile. You can see your list of favorites by opening a terminal and running

gsettings get com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites

This could look like the example below (output formatting added by me):

$ gsettings get com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites
['application://gnome-terminal.desktop',
 'application://org.gnome.Nautilus.desktop',
 'application://firefox.desktop',
 'unity://running-apps',
 'unity://desktop-icon',
 'unity://devices']

This output represents a minimalistic launcher with only a terminal, Nautilus and Firefox icon pinned. The next item is 'unity://running-apps' which is the important special item that serves as placeholder for the icons of all unpinned running applications. After that there are more special items following, namely the "Show Desktop" icon and another placeholder item that defines where icons of plugged in removable devices will appear.

The only item that is interesting for us is the "Running Apps" item. To fix your issue, you must move it to the desired position in the list of items.

You do this by typing the command

gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites []

but instead of an empty list [], you need to pass your modified list as last argument, of course.

For example, given the launcher described above, to make the running apps icons appear below "Show Desktop" but still above the device icons, run this:

$ gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites "['application://gnome-terminal.desktop', 'application://org.gnome.Nautilus.desktop', 'application://firefox.desktop', 'unity://desktop-icon', 'unity://running-apps', 'unity://devices']"

The changes will take effect immediately, so launch some unpinned applications to verify you've put the item at the right position and enjoy.


Uninstalling and then reinstalling nvidia-384, kills colord

Did you try with the --purge option when you remove your nvidia driver? It will also delete configuration files. If it don't work you can try:

sudo apt-get install lightdm
sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm

as said in another post


Linux alternative to `cam2pc` photo/video downloading tool?

While preparing to re-write the shell script and looking at Launchpad.net, I came across Rapid Photo Downloader which on first view looks to be an exact match.

Update:
Rapid is  a very cool program but for some reason it doesn't see any pics in my iPhone. I think that's not a problem with the program but rather with my phone or my computer.

Update 2:
According to Rapid 's developer, the problem likely is that some Gnome component needs updating and that it won't make it into Rapid for a good while. Too bad for me.


Will my Laptop run Raring Ringtail without problems?

Check out the System Requirements,

Ubuntu Desktop Edition

700 MHz processor (about Intel Celeron or better)
512 MiB RAM (system memory)
5 GB of hard-drive space (or USB stick, memory card or external drive but see LiveCD for an alternative approach)
VGA capable of 1024x768 screen resolution
Either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media
Internet access is helpful

Download the Ubuntu Live CD and try it out.

While on running the live system, check how your unity support is,

How do I tell if Ubuntu supports hardware-accelerated graphics on my laptop?

In a terminal, run:

/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p

This will tell you how well supported your hardware is (or rather your graphics card) out-of-the-box.


DSL connection using networkmanager in KDE does not seem to work

This is a known bug: Bug #447241
You can use pppoeconf to configure a DSL connection: How to Set Up Kubuntu for DSL


Music Lense not displaying music collection

Music lens uses Music collection of Banshee or RhythmBox.

Here is snippet from Music Lense to make it clear.

So you must have either Banshee or Rhythmbox for Music lens to search for Music.


Theres something weird in this conf. Don't quite understaind it...

<VirtualHost indextj:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@indextj

    DocumentRoot /datos/www
    <Directory />
            Options FollowSymLinks
            AllowOverride None
    </Directory>
    <Directory /datos/www/>
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
            AllowOverride None
            Order allow,deny
            allow from all
    </Directory>
    ...
    ...
</VirtualHost>

but at first sight I can tell you to chanche AllowOverride to All.
this is the conf of my wiki for example.

<Directory /var/lib/mediawiki/>
        Options +FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        order allow,deny
        allow from all
</Directory>


How to make Krusader to show file name with extensions?

Names with the extension:

By using the Brief View.
With the Detailed View - Right click the Krusader Name/Ext/Size/... column and disable the extension column.


Ubuntu 19.10 Centralise icons on dash/dock

You cannot see the option, because it is not there. The only way to locate the icons in the center of the screen, is to turn off the extend-height option. This shortens the dock to the space needed for the current icons, and places it in the center.

With the extend-height option on, the dock covers the whole width of the screen edge, but icons are placed on top (vertical modes) or on the left (horizontal modes). It is (currently?) not possible to center icons in this mode.

A workaround to achieve the visual effect you are after could be to modify a wallpaper so the bottom has a bar in the color and with the width of your dock. That way, it would appear as if icons are centered on a dock that is entirely stretched.


What do I use in place of sudo su to become root?

Boot from a live session, edit /etc/sudoers and fix the mistake.
An example on how to do that from a live session (change sda1 to what you need it to be and if you use another mount point also change below to what you used):
sudo mount -o rw,remount /dev/sda1 /mnt
sudo visudo -f /mnt/etc/sudoers

and then fix line 27.


Ubuntu Server 16.04 openstack mitaka installation juju error

The same error here... I've figured out that accounts.yaml file is in wrong format... I'm not sure how it should look like exactly, but this works for me:

patok@openstack01:~/.local/share/juju$ cat accounts.yaml
controllers:
  connor:
    accounts:
      user: admin@local
      password: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    current-account:
      user: admin@local
      password: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

... but now I've run into an another problem - cannot select anything else then "Connect to an existing MAAS".


You can start the Minecraft server itself as follows:

Navigate to the folder where minecraft_server.jar is. If you don't have it, you can use the command wget:

wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/MinecraftDownload/launcher/minecraft_server.jar

(Note: I got this link by right-clicking and "copy link location" on the official Minecraft site)

You can then run the server with java -jar minecraft_server.jar.

I don't know how to help with any Multicraft-specific stuff, but this should at least get your server up and running.


Failed to acquire global mutex lock with apache and mod_python

This could be related to systemd-logind, which has RemoveIPC=yes set by default in /etc/systemd/logind.conf. Try setting it to no.


How to solve "duplicated Calibre icon" issue?

Seems as if you downloaded both versions and now you have both on your PC.
Instead of downloading new one, uninstall the old one first and then install the new one.
Or upgrade the old one if possible.
So for you, I would uninstall (both) and reinstall.


David Seibert, I cam looking for the 'Monospace' font for exactly the same purpose: patching it for vim-powerline.

Petronilla is correct in stating that there is no explicit font called 'Monospace' which is why it is not in the list of fonts returned by

find /usr/share/fonts -iname '*monospace*'

You can poke around in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf or the various configs in /etc/fonts/conf.d/ but it will be very hard to figure out which font is exactly aliased to 'Monospace'. Easiest thing to do is

fc-match monospace

which on my 12.04 Ubuntu machine returns

DroidSansMono.ttf: "Droid Sans Mono" "Regular"

So now the mystery is solved :)


How can fix HDMI HDTV overscan when I my TV has no aspect ratio setting?

You may be able to use xrandr to add a new mode to the specific output and then select that new mode.  See xrandr --addmode and xrandr --mode in the xrandr manpage.


Screen rendering problem on Ubuntu 12.04 with Intel video card

as intel graphics driver is a part of Xorg, I believe the best solution here be:

check if rendering is yes with command:

glxinfo | grep render

for this you need mesa-utils

sudo apt-get install mesa-utils

you should get something like this:

direct rendering: Yes
OpenGL renderer string: GeForce XXXX PCIe/SSE2
GL_KTX_buffer_region, GL_NVX_conditional_render,
GL_OES_fbo_render_mipmap, GL_OES_get_program_binary, GL_OES_mapbuffer,

the last, you can try to reinstall graphics driver:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-video-intel

then reboot X

sudo service lightdm restart

or

sudo /etc/init.d/lightdm restart

if it still doesn't work maybe you should file this as a bug.

apport-bug xorg


I now found out after around 2 hours of trying and searching through the depths of www, that the support for v4l1 was dropped in recent kernels. And despite my effords to rewrite the code to use v4l2 header files it won't compile.

So best get a newer webcam to use.


Prevent nvidia to raise performance level to avoid overheating

You have a few options: (higher numbers are more difficult)

1/ Go to your BIOS and disable the NVIDIA card entirely. (refer to the operator manual of your machine as all BIOSes are different)

2/ Buy an refrigeration laptop cooler. (basically a mini-fridge for a laptop)

3/ Close the laptop, unplug all power cords and batteries, turn the machine on (yep: without the power cord and battery, just to get rid of the last smudge of electricity).

Gently vacuum clean (200Watts) the entire laptop and clean it entirely with specialised computer screen cleaner (it's not only good for screens; it's good for the entire computer)

4/ Go to a store and buy a can of compressed CO2 (carbon dioxide) Compressed air will not give the same spectacular results.

Close the laptop, unplug all power, etc.. Keep the can upright and forcibly blow out all the holes in the laptop (2 second bursts). Then open up the laptop and gently blow out the keyboard and speakers.

6/ If the computer overheats, turn the CO2 can upside down and give a few bursts (1sec each) into the holes of your computer while it is running. T° will go down spectacularly!

8/ Disassemble your laptop entirely and clean all individual parts.

10/ Put it back together...


Is there a way to set app icons to top menu bar. (near clock,charge etc)

Yes absolutely just drag and drop your favorite application to the "top menu" bar. also from the right click menu on the bar you will find an option to add ( i'm not working know on my Ubuntu so i can't give the exact steps to do it).


How can I grant a snap application access to /tmp via command line?

Every snap can access /tmp/, however, the /tmp/ for every snap is actually a dedicated directory contained within the host's /tmp/, such that snaps can't access each others' /tmp/. As a result, Thunderbird can put files in /tmp/, but that's a different directory than the /tmp/ seen by individual snaps. There are no interfaces of which I'm aware that allow for snaps to access the host's /tmp/ directly, although browser-support seems to allow access to /var/tmp/ if that's at all helpful to you.


Try installing the deb from this link.

..note the instructions at the bottom, in case you switch kernels to a different kernel -- e.g., from linux-generic to linux-server.  Upgrades of the same kernel type should be handled automatically.

You may also need to disable the old driver by doing the following:

sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/myblacklist.conf

..and enter the following lines:

#blacklisting the old wireless drivers
blacklist rt2800pci


Go for its PPA or source. Ubuntu wants to make stuff easier for non-technical user, so it doesn't go behind latest which might have problems, but I agree sometimes Ubuntu is too late to the party and the cake is already eaten away.

If you want latest packages, then go for a distribution called Sabayon Linux here . They also have codecs, drivers pre-installed, chrome as well if that spy-machine interests you.

Also note, Sabayon is not debian based, but gentoo based, but they have a binary package manager, to make life easier.

Good luck!!


Iptables used to be how network was managed but as you might have observed it is messy to write and even more complicated to learn. UFW is an alternative to iptables and firewallD front-end network traffic controller applications.

For a newbie you will find ufw more easy to manage and use, and is Ubuntu's alternative to firewallD used by RHEL and it's derivatives. Iptables still lies underneath ufw but now you write these [iptable] rules using ufw. Also of note is the fact that firewallD lacks rate limiting feature found in ufw.

  The Uncomplicated Firewall (ufw) is a front-end for iptables and is particularly well-suited for host-based firewalls. ufw provides a framework for managing netfilter, as well as a command-line interface for manipulating the firewall. ufw aims to provide an easy to use interface for people unfamiliar with firewall concepts, while at the same time simplifies complicated iptables commands to help an administrator who knows what he or she is doing. ufw is an upstream for other distributions and graphical front-ends.

Put simply ufw is meant to remove all the complications that we see in iptable use and maintenance. Stick with ufw it still what it's designed for.
In Ubuntu the configurations of ufw can be found in /etc/ufw and default configurations in /etc/default/ufw file. Looking in the /etc/ufw directory you will see the following files and folders:

after6.rules  after.init  after.rules  applications.d/
before6.rules  before.init  before.rules  sysctl.conf
ufw.conf  user6.rules  user.rules

You can add iptablelike rules in there too:

# allow all on eth0
-A ufw-before-input -i eth0 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-output -o eth0 -j ACCEPT

A quick sudo cat /etc/ufw/user.rules will show you iptablelike rule sets stored from command line entries.

Resources:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UncomplicatedFirewall

https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-configure-setup-firewall-with-ufw-on-ubuntu-linux/


Install KUser and rund it as superuser. Now you can enter a new password for any user.

If your using KDE environment you can use: kdesudo kuser
If your using Gnome use: gksudo kuser


Scrolling in Matlab brings up error "MEvent. CASE!"

Not sure how general this is, but this works on my Ubuntu 16.04 with Synaptic Touchpad.

Run xinput list in terminal to find Touchpad IDs.
test@laptop:~$ xinput list
⎡ Virtual core pointer                          id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad                id=15   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ DLL075B:01 06CB:76AF Touchpad             id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]

i.e. here relevant entries are id=11 and id=15.

Check Two-Finger Scrolling settings by running xinput list-props 11 and xinput list-props 15 which are responsible for the "MEvent. CASE!" error in MATLAB.
test@laptop:~$ xinput list-props 11
    Synaptics Two-Finger Scrolling (278):   1, 1

test@laptop:~$ xinput list-props 15
    Synaptics Two-Finger Scrolling (278):   1, 1

Disable horizontal scrolling by
xinput set-prop 11 "Synaptics Two-Finger Scrolling" 1 0

and
xinput set-prop 15 "Synaptics Two-Finger Scrolling" 1 0

If this works you can create a startup.m script in your MATLAB startup directory which is automatically executed each time you open MATLAB.
system('xinput set-prop 15 "Synaptics Two-Finger Scrolling" 1 0');
system('xinput set-prop 11 "Synaptics Two-Finger Scrolling" 1 0');

To find your MATLAB startup folder where you want to put the startup.m file, write pwd in your MATLAB console.


Blank desktop on Ubuntu 14.04 (menu missing)

In the user interface press Ctrl+Alt+F1 or F2.

Then a command line shows. Type your login account and password.

Type the following commands.

 sudo apt-get install gnome
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get upgrade
 sudo reboot

In the login screen change the Desktop Environment(DE) to GNOME. Then again back to Ubuntu default.

Please provide a feedback!


What is my crontab -e local file path? I want to set it via BASH script

Quoting crontab's man page:

  There    is    one   file   for   each   user's   crontab   under the
         /var/spool/cron/crontabs directory. Users are not allowed to  edit  the
         files  under  that directory directly to ensure that only users allowed
         by  the  system  to  run  periodic  tasks  can  add  them,   and   only
         syntactically correct crontabs will be written there.  This is enforced
         by having  the  directory  writable  only  by  the  crontab  group  and
         configuring  crontab  command with the setgid bid set for that specific
         group.

So you can't directly edit this file in a script (without sudoing around the restrictions). But, what you can do is the following: Just create a crontab file somewhere in the filesystem and then use

crontab <filename>

to install it.


How do I change login screen purple color to another one or image (if possible) on Ubuntu 17.10?

I found these instructions on ubuntuhandhandbook.com

The good thing about GDM3 (and Gnome) is that it's designed to be modular, so pretty much everything can be customized and changed.

That being said in case you don't like how something looks, if you know CSS (or even SASS) chances are you can change it to whatever you like.

However bear in mind, that some of these changes aren't planned customization features, so an update can erase them completely (this could change in the future though.)

Alright, so in our case we'd like to change the login screen background for GDM3.

First thing would be to find what CSS rule is responsible for it, and in what file. Fortunately, someone has already done that (in that link at the beginning), so these instructions will be based on that.

The file we will be editing will be either /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/gdm3.css, or /etc/alternatives/gdm3.css (the latter is just a symlink to the former).

I'm going to use the nano editor; you can do everything in it, and it's really practical, as it stays in the console.

First, open a console, then the file with nano:

sudo nano /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/gdm3.css

(We'll have to have root access to edit this file, that's why we use sudo.)

Then we'll want to find the rule that's responsible for the lock screen background, it will be this one:

#lockDialogGroup {
    background: #2c001e url(resource:///org/gnome/shell/theme/noise-texture.png);
    background-repeat: repeat;
}

As you can see, the background is currently set to an image repeated multiple times, that's how you get the noise texture at the login.

If you know CSS, the rest of this "guide" will be useless for you.

Let's say, we'll want to change that noisy texture to a single picture stretched across the login screen. We can do that by changing the rule to this.

#lockDialogGroup {
    background: url(file:///path/to/your/picture.png);
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center;
}

Where the /path/to/your/picture.png part should be replaced with the actual path to the image you'd like to use, starting from the / root path. (Note that you need all the /-s after file:, as shown in the example.)

You're done. Press CTRL+X to save the file, and exit nano. After the next login, you should have the picture you set there.

In case you only want to set a solid color you can simply set:

#lockDialogGroup {
    background-color: #2c001e;
}

Where the #... part is a color code of your choice. (You can look up web color codes, if you don't know how they work, or use a color picker to get the desired color code.)

That's it. Note that while this should work, it was not tested by me, as I cannot use GDM at the moment due to an another issue that hasn't been fixed yet.


disks not ready in array causes mdadm to force initramfs shell

Okay I've finally figured out this intensely frustrating problem. Turns out there are several bugs filed in the area. Unfortunately, finding the work-around was very difficult.

First a little bit more info:

The hang is nothing of the sort. What is actually occurring is that the system is dropping to a initramfs shell. Unfortunately, this is hidden by the graphical boot so all I see is a slightly purple blank screen. If I type exit it will allow the system to boot up.
The system is dropping into the initramfs shell because it asks if we want to boot degraded and since it can't receive any input the way boot is setup this times out.
The last bit of info is that no matter what parameters you pass to kernel you can't get past this prompt. So we're stuck hanging if our drives for our array don't come up fast enough to suit upstart/udev.

Bugs are filed on launchpad (not by me) on all of the above issues and it looks like they are being worked through (this issue is apparently pretty difficult to deal with due to touching on a lot of things).

Fortunately for me, I was able to find a solution which will follow at the end. First I have to give a disclaimer with a strong warning. What I describe could cause you to mount a degraded array without being aware of it. This could lead to a total failure and loss of your data. You have been warned - DO NOT DO THIS UNLESS YOU ARE COMPLETELY CERTAIN YOU ARE WILLING TO TAKE THESE RISKS!

What I did to get Ubuntu to allow the system past this race condition was actually very simple:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure mdadm

Then reconfigure mdadm to allow the system to start the array degraded. As I mentioned before, this can be risky so make sure that you have your mdadm set up to notify you if the array is running degraded and monitoring your array. I'd also recommend you set up e-mail notifications. I also have the system sending me a summary on my raid every time I reboot. I hope this was useful to someone; I sure wish I could have found this answer!

Cheers!


How do I remove files as a result of the find command?

Find can do the deletion for you using the -delete option. Combining the rest of your command into a single find line, this will become:

find search-3S-beta -name '*.log.*' -delete


Can't ping VirtualBox Client Operating System

You have selected NAT (see screenshot 2). Change it to bridged and select your network interface. Then both machines are in the same network and can ping each other.


How to setup Chromecast as second display?

Chromecast a tab, then separate the tab into a new Chrome window (drag it out).  Go back to the original Chrome window.  Now, you've got a virtual second screen.  Not sure if that's what you were looking for, but that's what I came up with to get my second screen.  It works for what I was trying to do -- see two screens.


How can I quickly convert a GIF file to a video?

Using a Nautilus Script

Overview

You can easily convert GIF files to videos by using the imagemagick suite and avconv. To make the process easier I have written a small Nautilus script that takes your GIF file and the desired framerate as its input and outputs an MP4 file.

Code

#!/bin/bash

# NAME          gif2mp4 0.1
# AUTHOR        Glutanimate (c) 2013 (https://askubuntu.com/users/81372/glutanimate)
# LICENSE       GNU GPL v3 (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html)
# DESCRIPTION   Converts GIF files of a specific framerate to MP4 video files.
# DEPENDENCIES  zenity,imagemagick,avconv

TMPDIR=$(mktemp -d)
FPS=$(zenity --width 200 --height 100 --entry --title "gif2mp4" --text="Please enter the frame rate.")
VIDDIR=$(dirname $1)

if [ -z "$FPS" ]
  then
      exit
fi

notify-send -i video-x-generic.png "gif2mp4" "Converting $(basename "$1") ..."

convert "$1" $TMPDIR/frame%02d.png
avconv -r $FPS -i $TMPDIR/frame%02d.png -qscale 4 "$VIDDIR/$(basename "$1" .gif).mp4"

notify-send -i video-x-generic.png "gif2mp4" "$(basename "$1") converted"

rm -rf $TMPDIR

Installation instructions

Please see here for more information on how to install this script: How can I install a Nautilus script?


For very simple packages, you can use equivs. Otherwise, take a look at this guide and go through the packaging tutorial.


Disable GNOME (Compiz) task switcher grouping

I hate the grouping windows function. Anti-programmer. I don't want to remember which window should I press Alt+Tab and which window should I press Alt+`.

Just one combo-key:  Alt+Tab for all the windows, all the time!!

So here is the solution for Ubuntu GNOME:

Open dconf-editor.
Go to org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings.
Move the value 'Tab' from switch-applications to switch-windows.

Done.

Refer to: Mad Physicist's answer to the same question on Super User


This is not a complete answer
The newer flavours of Ubuntu with the signed keys for secure boot enabled and or capable machines should mean you can do an install (standalone or dualboot) with Secure Boot enabled. [**if question described how and when uefi and or secure boot were enable/disabled then could be more helpful] Am no expert or qualified in any way but here is an answer from somebody who is qualified and an expert that mentions a few points of interest to what could be more than applicable here; the author of which also wrote this with regard Secure Boot.  Additionally the explanation of problems regarding switching back to BIOS (may be referred to as Legacy) is very well done in an easy to understand way can be found here.

Going by your update which confirms you are using an uefi entry to boot Ubuntu.
What has possibly happened is that switching from uefi to whichever setting switches off uefi just means you do not have the right boot files in the right place. Grub can not load for same reason (that is without using the method you describe in your update)

It may be that switching the firmware(BIOS) settings back to the same as they were when Ubuntu was installed will boot Ubuntu.


Trash on NTFS for multiple users: Why does Dolphin succeed where Nautilus fails?

From what is see in NTFS-3G page, under the section "Allowing Group/User" dmask entry may be the key.

From that page-

You can also tell /etc/fstab (the NTFS-3G driver) other options like those who are allowed to access (read) the partition. For example, for you to allow people in the users group to have access:

/dev/<NTFS-part>  /mnt/windows  ntfs-3g   gid=users,umask=0022    0       0

By default, the ntfs-3g driver enable write support for root only. To enable user writing, use the dmask parameter to enable user writing:

/dev/<NTFS-part>  /mnt/windows  ntfs-3g   gid=users,fmask=113,dmask=002    0       0


How are your samba shares being mounted? Do you use /etc/fstab like:

//servername/sharename /mountdirectory smbfs username=windowsuserename,password=windowspassword 0 0

or do you mount them through file manager (nautilus or some similiar), and use Gnome Virtual File System (gvfs)?
If your mounts are permanents, through fstab, you should see them always, unless you have your ssh sessions, chrooted (in a safe sandbox). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrooted
To mount your samba share/resource manually you could use:

mount -t smbfs //servername/sharename /mountdirectory -o  username=mywindowsusername,password=mywindowspassword

Can you post the output for the mount command on both scenarios, local session and ssh?


Tamil letters scrambled & overlapped in xfce4 terminal

Install the fonts-lohit-taml package, if you haven't already done so. Then create the file ~/.config/fontconfig/conf.d/10-prefer-tamil.conf with the following contents:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>
        <alias>
                <family>serif</family>
                <prefer>
                        <family>Lohit Tamil</family>
                </prefer>
        </alias>
        <alias>
                <family>sans-serif</family>
                <prefer>
                        <family>Lohit Tamil</family>
                </prefer>
        </alias>
        <alias>
                <family>monospace</family>
                <prefer>
                        <family>Lohit Tamil</family>
                </prefer>
        </alias>
</fontconfig>


Monitor switches off and won't come back!

Go into (System Settings), click on (Brightness and lock), it will say Turn screen off when inactive for:---- There is a drop down menu next to it, click the box and then click (NEVER). Below that it says (LOCK) leave that turned OFF. You should be good to go :-)


How to start a process by another group using sudo

You want the group to have root permissions or only one user?

If you want only one user, add this to the sudoers file, after User privilege specification root  ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL:

xyz ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

xyz being the user. This always works for me (remember to log out and in)

If you want an entire group to gain root permission I can't help you.


How to mount floppy drive in Ubuntu 13.04?

Try this.  just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

udisks --mount /dev/fd0


You can now avoid installing Steam with a .deb package.  Just run the Ubuntu Software Center, search for Steam and install it.

If you get frightened by the "Buy" button, you can check this question: Can I install Steam without a credit card?

If you are wondering why you have to use Ubuntu One in order to install Steam, well, me too: Why do I have to sign into Ubuntu One in order to install Steam?


How to uninstall python 3.8 from Ubuntu after deleting the folder Python-3.8.0 using "rm -rf"?

I reinstalled the package using the same procedure:

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.0/Python-3.8.0.tgz
tar xzf Python-3.8.0
cd Python-3.8.0
sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations
sudo make altinstall

And added these lines:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install build-essential zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev wget
sudo make altinstall

Then I used METHOD 2 of this webpage: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1439950/whats-the-opposite-of-make-install-i-e-how-do-you-uninstall-a-library-in-li

But I made some modifications.

sudo apt -y install checkinstall
sudo checkinstall

I said "no" to ALL the questions.
And then I used this command:

dpkg -r python

FINAL RESULT

I deleted the Python3.8 folder:

sudo rm -rf Python-3.8.0


Launcher can't cope with "nautilus /home/user/Ubuntu One/Biologie"

Use an escape char to handle spaces, this will work.

nautilus /home/user/Ubuntu\ One/Biologie


OK, I managed to get it working by deleting the following folders:

~/.local/share/nautilus
~/.config
~/.gconf
~/.gnome2
~/.gnome2_private

It's possible that I only needed to delete one or two of these folders, but hey, it worked!

I just now need to open up dconf-editor again and reset my Rhythmbox settings and set up Ubuntu One again, but still, I have my music icons back.

Make sure you know what you're doing if you want to attempt this too!


wireless driver is not working correctly

sudo modprobe w1 resulted in

modprobe: FATAL: Module w1 not found in directory /lib/modules/4.4.0-34-generic


Many Windows screensavers can be run in Wine.

Assuming your screensaver is stored in your Downloads folder, just run wine ~\Downloads\startrekscreensaver.scr /s in your Terminal.

Windows screensavers have not been integrated into Linux so you won't be able to easily set them as your screensaver.

You could also try installing xscreensaver-gl-extra for more screensaver choices. Many of these screensavers come with configuration options that can be modified with the default gnome-screensaver; you will need you to install xscreensaver to change those options.


Graphic card Nvidia gtx 745 and intel D graphics 4400

Have a look at this thread:
 Why do I get a black/purple screen when booting on a brand new PC build?

This is what solved the persons problem:

"After playing and searching around, I found that I could enter the GRUB menu by holding down F11, then pressing "e" on "install ubuntu" i then looked for where it said "quick splash --" and changed it to "nomodeset $vt_handoff" this allowed my system to boot it all up and after installing I played around with the /etc/default/grub file and changed around some text to allow my system to boot up right to Ubuntu."

You could also try this: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=11586016


you might have lost grub (the boot loader) /or may be the boot record have been changed without running the update command . you can try recovering grub with a live medium example with using a ubuntu cd/dvd in live mode ...please go through this post : how to recover grub with a live media ubuntu/mint live usb/cd/dvd


I assume that you downloaded the most recent version of ocelotgui from https://github.com/ocelot-inc/ocelotgui
and you have a recent Ubuntu version so libQt5Gui.so* exists, e.g. /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Gui.so.5.9.
And you installed the "Debian-like, Qt5" package.
It seems odd that ocelotgui didn't find the Qt library, and I don't see where the current instructions recommend changing $PATH. Is this an error message when you try to start the program?
Just as a temporary experiment, if the .so file is on /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/, you could try the unusual workaround
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
or start ocelotgui with
ocelotgui --ld_run_path=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu


Icons are grabbed with mouse without clicking

Turn off Settings > Mouse and Touchpad > Tap to click


How to install AMD Drivers for Radeon RX 460?

The archive file is corrupted (probably during an interrupted download). These things happen. Download it anew and try again. If the same problem persists please edit your question to clarify that.

Update: If the file stays corrupted even after a re-download the problem may lie on AMD's side, i. e. they published a broken archive file. This is purported by the fact that you're not the only one with this issue.


How to Copy System With Systemback of Persistent Live Ubuntu?

You cannot easily. Use simply tar czf as described here. Differential tool is Deja-dup but it is unstable with many filesystems and even with core-systems.


How To Create PostgreSQL Service Manually?

If someone had the same problem with me and using PostgreSQL openscg version can look at this link about how to install it. https://rayhanity.wordpress.com/2012/08/09/installation-of-openscg-postgresql-9-1/

TLDR

user@ubuntu:~$ sudo dpkg -i ./postgres_9.1.4-1.i386.openscg.deb

[sudo] password for user:

Selecting previously deselected package postgres91.

(Reading database … 118945 files and directories currently installed.)

Unpacking postgres (from …/postgres_9.1.4-1.i386.openscg.deb) …

Setting up postgres91 (9.1.4-1) …

Processing triggers for ureadahead …

ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot

user@ubuntu:~$

user@ubuntu:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/postgres-9.1-openscg start

user@ubuntu:~$ . /opt/postgres/9.1/pg91-openscg.env


How do I get a list of users not present in a CSV file from /etc/passwd?

A combination of grep, tr, cut and process substitution:

cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd | grep -xvFf <(tr ',' '\n'  < file.csv)

The cut command gets the usernames from /etc/passwd (the first :-delimited field).

Then, the tr command converts your CSV fields to one username per line.

The grep command then looks for entire lines (-x) which don't match (-v) any fixed patterns (-F) from a file containing patterns, one per line (-f). We use process substitution (<()) to use tr's output for these patterns.


How to get the memory usage by bytes using script

What your script should look like is this:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

echo -e "$HOSTNAME, $(date +%s), \\n $(free -b)" >> "system_monitor.csv"

The timestamp variable is unnecessary in this case. And I would suggest adding two news line or one to make the output readable. So a better command would be:

#! /usr/bin/env bash

echo -e "$HOSTNAME, $(date +%s), \\n $(free -b) \\n \\n" >> "system_monitor.csv"


Launch Windows Doom Eternal with command line using Proton

No guarantee that this will work, but you can try the following:

Copy the game's installation folder from the Windows Steam library to the Linux one (the folder usually ending in /steamapps/common/).
Restart Steam and let it synchronize.

The binary files used by Proton are the same as on Windows. Usually Steam detects when a new folder is added to the library and integrates it in the client. Maybe you have to check in the settings that it uses Proton to launch the game.

Another option, but I have not tried that yet either, would be to backup the game from the Windows Steam client, and then restore it on Linux.


Which software can I use to extract an audio track from a video?

Command line:

ffmpeg -i input_file.flv -vn output_file.mp3
ffmpeg -i input_file.mov -vn output_file.mp3
ffmpeg -i input_file.avi -vn output_file.mp3

If ffmpeg is not installed ...

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

and of course you need the audiocodecs required to play the video/audiofiles.


How can I connect my Nokia Lumia 520 with Ubuntu 14.04?

The author of this project: Android File Transfer For Linux luckily for me agreed to add WP8 support and now this is the only solution that reliable works, afaik.
Now it's able to connect my Lumia 1020 WP8.1 Denim and Kubuntu 15.04 via
usb.

Of course, device shall be unlocked with correct PIN beforehand.

The project is a library and has simple GUI which is mostly for library demonstration and testing purposes, so don't blame it for UX.


installing ndiswrapper on machine w/o internet

This is rather simple (Yaay!) All you need to do is go to these pages and click the download links (I'll assume the North America mirrors are O.K. after the comment about the 4th :)):

ndisgtk
ndiswrapper-utils
ndiswrapper-common

After this is all said and done simply:

Open Terminal and type cd (INSERTDIROFSDCARDHERE)
Press enter
Type sudo dpkg -i *.deb
Press enter
Done!


Sorry, Ubuntu 18.04 has experienced an internal error (UI is not update to 18.04)

The name of the meta-package for unity changed to ubuntu-unity-desktop It's moved to universe. ubuntu-desktop Meta package points now to gnome3

If you really have both on your System decide which desktop you want. Both together is not a smart idea. They have influence among one another.
check it first.

dpkg -l | egrep 'unity|gnome'

For removing unity sudo apt-get autoremove --purge ubuntu-unity-desktop unity
 and to install the right meta-package sudo apt install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

For remove gnome3 sudo apt-get autoremove --purge ubuntu-desktop gnome-shell and sudo apt install --reinstall ubuntu-unity-desktop


dual boot ubuntu with windows 10 on hp pavillion ab219tx

I checked the hardware specifications and can tell you:

Yes – Ubuntu will run great on this machine.

After installing Ubuntu I recommend to install the latest current stable NVIDIA graphics driver.

You can do this by executing the following commands :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-355 nvidia-prime
sudo reboot


You can give a try. You will need:

Live CD (USB drive) with Ubuntu (for simplicity I will call it Live CD)
External HDD to backup recovered data (I will call it ExtHDD)
A lot of luck

The steps:

Boot from the Live CD, and connect to your network (the HDD which will be recovered I will call it /dev/sda)
Plug in the ExtHDD (aka /dev/sdb), and mount it
Install testdisk (sudo apt-get install testdisk), and follow the instructions described here.


How do I connect with my Verizon Mobile Broadband dongle?

You may need to install the usb-modeswitch package, if your Verizon device is a "flip-flop" device.

A "flip-flop" device is one that initially appears as a CD-ROM device that contains Windows drivers for the device. This driver, when installed, sends a special command to the device to let it know that it can "flip" into modem mode.

Usually these devices have no Linux drivers on them. The usb-modeswitch program sends the special command unconditionally, and lets Linux's built-in facilities talk to the modem.


Can't boot Windows 7 after installing Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

From your booted Ubuntu system, use the following command in a terminal:

sudo update-grub

This should detect Windows 7 and add it or fix it.

If nothing happens, boot from the Windows 7 CD and go to recovery console:

bootrec / fixmbr

Then

bootrec / fixboot

As you are in the recovery mode, use Windows 7 fix boot errors tool. (Forgot the exact name of the tool) and reboot.

Now you would have Windows but not Ubuntu.

Try reinstalling Ubuntu - put MBR partition into sda (as opposed to sdb like before)
or try sudo update-grub from the live CD.


Tablet BIOS (UEFI) won't accept boot from USB

Try Switching off UEFI and change to 'Compatibility" mode in the BIOS to see if it helps.(This may slow the boot of Windows unfortunately)

If not try this link which may help.
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

Good luck and ask for more help if necessary


AppMenu of Qt Creator in GNOME Flashback

This is known problem in GNOME Flashback. From terminal:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings overrides
'{"Gtk/ShellShowsAppMenu":<0>}'


Install Lubuntu 12.04 from ISO stored within current installation

You can boot an iso from a partition with grub only if the iso is modified to do so. It takes a long time to boot and runs slowly. You can not install into the partition the iso is stored on , but you can install it on an alternate partitoin.

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot


Qt 5.4 supported .so files come with default Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Trusty or not

The repository for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS currently contains files for Qt5 up to version 5.2.1

Every time there is a new release, the Ubuntu team will have to make sure that this new version is integrated into the repository. But usually only bugfixes and minor features get adopted into older Linux Versions.

14.04 is a Long Term Support release, so it gets updates for longer, but I'm not sure if it will get the latest Qt. Also, that release is pretty new, so it will take a while until it lands in the repository.

So there is no easy way to do what you want. I assume you now quite a bit about packaging, since you said you packaged an app already. Maybe a PPA could be a solution. You could provide a package for Qt5.4 and one for your app. Maybe there is already a Qt PPA, but I couldn't find one.

Edit: Maybe this PPA


Install wine and use your windows applications

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y wine1.7

After installing wine just double click on installer and install and make shortcut to desktop.


Making Ubuntu less resource heavy - running slowly for graphic design

If Ubuntu is running slowly it might be worth trying out the other 'flavours' of it. Lubuntu or Xubuntu both use lighter, less resource heavy desktop environments so generally run better on older hardware.
You can install the new DE in place with sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop.
The next time you log in you can select Lubuntu rather than Unity. More details can be found in this article.
It's the same OS underneath so using them is very similar.
To be honest, if you are doing a lot of work doing image processing, it might be worth upgrading the computer if possible. If not the whole machine then at least expanding the memory. 768Mb is very little (by today's standards).


Under what license can I use /usr/share/dict/words?

First you need to determine what package the files belong to. You can use dpkg -S searchterm for that. For example, dpkg -S /usr/share/dict/american-english yields:

wamerican: /usr/share/dict/american-english

So, the subject package is wamerican. All packages I know of have a copyright file in /usr/share/doc/PACKAGE-NAME/copyright. wamerican is not an exception, it's copyright file is in /usr/share/doc/wamerican/copyright.


sqlsrv not working despite having a proper install

Enable the mod:
sudo phpenmod sqlsrv

See this link to install driver:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/connect/odbc/linux-mac/installing-the-microsoft-odbc-driver-for-sql-server?view=sql-server-2017


When will developer.ubuntu.com review apps again?

I'm going out on a limb here.

Its just what the message says.  There will be a new way of submitting apps, that is being worked on, and will be implemented once all the testing is done.

I don't think that your app will be reviewed at this time, and in the mean time, you can use a ppa to market your product, either as a free app or paid.

If I have to guess, I will have to say soon after Ubuntu 13.10 comes out.


My keyboard is coming up with strange options

Try installing the dconf-editor and check the settings under org/gnome/desktop/input-sources. There you'll see the xkb-options and you can change them permanently.


Trouble installing gnome-shell-extensions-user-theme, dependency/PPA conflict?

yeah...this happened again today. This output tells you, that the developers are again working on gnome-shell and so you should look for updates in Terminal more often on such days.

Then after getting update and upgrade, go to your Synaptic, refresh it completely and then try to install.

If this output comes again, then you just need to wait to a later time...


How to recover files from a partition that was previosuly NTFS under Wndows but after Ubuntu installation had been converted to ext4?

You can still recover them by using photorec which comes with testdisk after you install it. Type in a terminal photorec and select the hard drive / partition you wish to analyze and the place where you want to store all recovered files (Should be a place not on the same hard drive you are trying to recover from).

Your same case has also happened to me. Trying to recover files from a previous NTFS or FAT32 partition that was formatted to Ext3 or Ext4. In the end it recovered all files we needed.


Ubuntu Touch / Meizu MX4 : Camera not working after OTA4 install

If not, you can check in System Settings - Security and Privacy - Other application accesses - Camera, and confirm if the check item for Camera is ticked. For me worked (mx4).


Cheese is crashing when taking video in Saucy

Use guvcview instead. Cheese has always been broken/horridly slow for me.


Interesting question, well prepared. I assume that you need to "hard" reboot after the lock. In that case you might try to read the previous boot journal/log data by issuing

journalctl -b -1

in a terminal. I'm not sure if that helps you, but the lock indicates either a Problem with the CPU or GPU. I guess you are using the intel driver?

Edit.
Not a clean solution ,but you may try to remove the intel microcode - just for a test.

sudo apt-get purge intel-microcode

Redhat has written about it and there might be some tweak that renders your GPU useless.
Since the intel-microcode is a security feature, I'd reinstall it after that test...


Screen Lock pauses/halts terminal until unlock

It is weird if locking your screen pauses your scripts, it is not supposed to do that.
You can try to use detached terminals like tmux or screen to be sure that your command will not stop


Ubuntu 19.04 reaches feature-freeze within a week so its release approaches. Usually backports are only performed for LTS releases, after all why backport to a normal release when they will release-upgrade to the next release in a few months. I'd say extremely unlikely officially, so unless you use a PPA (which could possibly complicate the coming release-upgrade) I'd say no

The primary reason is it's not worth the effort. GNOME 3.32 requires you run the GTK+ [software] stack 3.32 as well, meaning most of the software will need changing, turning your machine into in effect 19.04 (with a 18.10 kernel).  It's a lot of work which requires a lot of testing just to get it a few weeks early...  Ubuntu is based on releases, and minimal packages get backported as it requires more devs, more testers than exist.

fyi:  I'm running 19.04 now, and have been for some months now.  If you want to run it now, you can.  It's currently a development release so you won't get support here (but irc ubuntu+1 is still an option) and there is a greater chance of issues, but if you want to try it - give the latest daily ISO a spin?  (and if you want to help, record it on http://iso.qa.ubuntu.com/ so it's recorded as a QA (quality assurance) test.  Daily ISO's can be run in live mode if you just want to try it.  Downloads come from http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/


Ubuntu boot problems on Dell XPS 13 after replacement of motherboard

Try this:

Insert Ubuntu Live-Dvd/Usb.

Ensure the bios boot order is set to read the media first and start the computer

Select Ubuntu Live / Try mode.

Click on purple Ubuntu search button - enter gnome-terminal and click on its icon

In a terminal run:

exec sudo -i
mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
mkdir /mnt/boot/efi
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
chroot /mnt
apt-get update
apt-get install --reinstall grub-efi
grub-install /dev/sda
update-grub
exit


How can I configure tap-zones of touch-pad to map to a mouse button?

Too late, but I had the same problem after the Debian update to Bullseye.

From Archwiki (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Touchpad_Synaptics#Buttonless_touchpads_(aka_ClickPads)):

  In the following example the right button will occupy the rightmost 40% of the button area and the middle button 20% of it in the center. The leftmost 40% remains as a left button (as does the rest of the clickpad):
  Option     "SoftButtonAreas"  "60% 0 82% 0 40% 59% 82% 0"


How ubuntu cloud image instance persist writing to the console after systemd started?

I think once systemd starts, it sending output to the journal instead of the tty. In /etc/systemd/system.conf, try setting DefaultStandardOutput= to either journal+console or tty.  Reboot to test.

You can the docs for any systemd directive by starting at man systemd.directives and looking up the directive.


Application that will lock screen after a set amount of time for Ubuntu

June 4, 2018 Update

A much superior program called multi-timer has been created: A timer to set up different alarms simultaneosly

Lock Screen Timer

Create your own Screen Lock Timer instead of 3rd Party applications

Although there are 3rd Party applications to do this, you can create your own. Summary of steps:

Use gedit to create script lock-screen-timer
Copy and paste code from this window to lock-screen-timer
Mark lock-screen-timer as an executable
Test it!
Configure Nautilus to execute bash scripts
Create desktop shortcut link
Monitor time remaining

Edit 1 (Nov 19, 2016): Final version. Impending lock warnings at 15, 10, 5, 3, 2 and 1 minute(s) remaining using message and sound. Use zenity to get number of minutes (defaults to 30).

Edit 2 (Nov 20,2016): Code change to kill previous sleeping script.

Edit 3 (Jan 20,2017): Revise killing previous script code. Add information message if previous version was already running and terminated.

Edit 4 (Feb 4,2017): Run in loop for multiple countdowns without having to re-click desktop icon. ie Laundry night -- 16 minutes to rinse cycle (fabric softener), 13 minutes to load dryer, 58 minutes to take out of dryer.

Edit 5 (Feb 11,2017): Write minutes remaining to
/tmp/lock-screen-timer-remaining. This allows other programs to display
amount of time before screen is locked.

Edit 6 (Aug 07,2017): Change /tmp/ work file to ~/. to support multiple users on network.

EDIT: Note that the script depends on ogg123 to play the reminder sound. This program is part of the vorbis-tool package from the universe repository. The script as presented here also attempts to use the hotplugtv script found here.

Edit 8 (Nov 12,2017): Add WSL (Windows 10 Subsystem for Linux) support. Note you need to add VcXsrv and ubuntu-desktop or xubuntu-desktop (preferred) to use Linux GUI in WSL. Windows 10 system tray / notification area time remaining display requires complementing what indicator-sysmonitor does in Linux. A future powershell.exe script is planned for Windows 10 notification area support.

Edit 9 (Feb 19,2018): Fix animation missing the \ from spinning pizza "|,/,─,\" sequence.

Use gedit to create script lock-screen-timer

Open the Terminal using Ctrl+Alt+T and type:

gedit lock-screen-timer

Copy and paste code from window below to lock-screen-timer

Toggle back to this screen and copy the following code by highlighting it and pressing Ctrl+C:

#!/bin/bash

# NAME: lock-screen-timer
# PATH: $HOME/bin
# DESC: Lock screen in x minutes
# CALL: Place on Desktop or call from Terminal with "lock-screen-timer 99"
# DATE: Created Nov 19, 2016. Last revision May 30, 2018.
# UPDT: Updated to support WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux)
#       Remove hotplugtv. Replace ogg with paplay.
#       Cohesion with multi-timer. New sysmonitor indicator style.

# NOTE: Time defaults to 30 minutes.
#       If previous version is sleeping it is killed.
#       Zenity is used to pop up entry box to get number of minutes.
#       If zenity is closed with X or Cancel, no screen lock timer is launched.
#       Pending lock warning displayed on-screen at set intervals.
#       Write time remaining to ~/.lock-screen-timer-remaining

MINUTES="$1" # Optional parameter 1 when invoked from terminal.

# if no parameters set default MINUTES to 30
if [ $# == 0 ]; then
    MINUTES=30
fi

DEFAULT="$MINUTES" # When looping, minutes count down to zero. Save deafult for subsequent timers.

# Check if lock screen timer already running
pID=$(pgrep -f "${0##*/}") # All PIDs matching lock-screen-timer name
PREVIOUS=$(echo "$pID" | grep -v ^"$$") # Strip out this running copy ($$$)
if [ "$PREVIOUS" != "" ]; then
    kill "$PREVIOUS"
    rm ~/.lock-screen-timer-remaining
    zenity --info --title="Lock screen timer already running" --text="Previous lock screen timer has been terminated."
fi

# Running under WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux)?
if cat /proc/version | grep Microsoft; then
    WSL_running=true
else
    WSL_running=false
fi

while true ; do # loop until cancel

    # Get number of minutes until lock from user
    MINUTES=$(zenity --entry --title="Lock screen timer" --text="Set number of minutes until lock" --entry-text="$DEFAULT")

    RESULT=$? # Zenity return code
    if [ $RESULT != 0 ]; then
        break ; # break out of timer lock screen loop and end this script.
    fi

    DEFAULT="$MINUTES" # Save deafult for subsequent timers.
    if [[ $MINUTES == 0 ]] || [[ $MINUTES == "" ]]; then
        break ; # zero minutes considered cancel.
    fi

    # Loop for X minutes, testing each minute for alert message.
    (( ++MINUTES ))
    while (( --MINUTES > 0 )); do
        case $MINUTES in 1|2|3|5|10|15|30|45|60|120|480|960|1920)
            notify-send --urgency=critical --icon=/usr/share/icons/gnome/256x256/status/appointment-soon.png "Locking screen in ""$MINUTES"" minute(s)." ;
            if [[ $WSL_running == true ]]; then
                powershell.exe -c '(New-Object Media.SoundPlayer "C:\Windows\Media\notify.wav").PlaySync();'
            else
               paplay /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/complete.oga ;
            fi
           ;;
        esac;

        # Record number of minutes remaining to file other processes can read.
        echo "Lock screen in: $MINUTES Minutes" > ~/.lock-screen-timer-remaining

        sleep 60

    done

    rm ~/.lock-screen-timer-remaining # Remove work file others can see our progress with

    if [[ $WSL_running == true ]]; then
        # Call lock screen for Windows 10
        rundll32.exe user32.dll,LockWorkStation
    else
        # Call screen saver lock for Ubuntu versions > 14.04.
        dbus-send --type=method_call --dest=org.gnome.ScreenSaver /org/gnome/ScreenSaver org.gnome.ScreenSaver.Lock
    fi

done # End of while loop getting minutes to next lock screen

exit 0 # Closed dialog box or "Cancel" selected.

Then toggle back to the empty gedit window and paste the code using Ctrl+V. Save the file and exit the editor back to the command prompt.

Mark lock-screen-timer as an executable

Now we need to make the script executable by typing:

chmod +x lock-screen-timer

Test It!

Before calling the script from the GUI, we'll call it from the terminal so we can see if any error messages are displayed:

~/lock-screen-timer

You are prompted for the number of minutes:

Set the desired number of minutes and click OK to start the timer. When there are 15, 10, 5, 3, 2 and 1 minute(s) left a system sound is heard and a message bubble appears advising when the screen will be locked. After the screen is locked you need to enter your password to unlock the screen.

Configure Nautilus to execute bash scripts

Nautilus defines what happens when we double click on an executable script when it's the files display window or a link on on the desktop. Normal behavior is to edit the script using gedit. We want to change this behavior such that it is executed.

Start Nautilus and navigate to directory containing lock-screen-timer. Left click on it once to give it focus. Hover mouse over top menu bar until "File Edit..." menu appears, use:

Click Edit drop-down menu
Click Properties option
Click Behavior tab
Observe the radio option buttons under Executable Text Files
Check radio button Run executable text files when they are opened

Create desktop shortcut link

From previous section lock-screen-timer still has focus. If not, navigate to the script and left click on it once to give it focus. Then use:

Right click on the file and the context-menu options appear.
From the menu select Make Link.
A new icon appears called Link to lock-screen-timer.
Left click on the new icon and drag it from Nautilus to your desktop.

Now you can double click on the desktop shortcut link and the script is run. A dialog box appears to get the number minutes. Two buttons are presented Cancel and OK. If you click the X to close the window it is the same as selecting Cancel.

After the timer is running and you double click on it again the first running copy is "killed". You can now start a new scren lock countdown or click Cancel for no countdown.

Display Time Remaining in systray / notification area

While lock screen timer is running it records how many minutes are remaining into the file ~/.lock-screen-timer-remaining. You can look at this file with the watch command or display it on Ubuntu's system tray / application indicator bar as shown at the top of this answer. To display time remaining in the notification area, follow the instructions in this Q&A: (Can BASH display in systray as application indicator?).


As you can read here:

  The host name is usually set once at system startup in /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1 or /etc/init.d/boot (normally by reading the contents of a file which contains the host name, e.g. /etc/hostname).

So you only have to set it in /etc/hostname


Problems with wifi connection after playing with aircrack

ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1996768 and ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1884589 solved my problem. Summing up, there's a bug in intel's IEEE 802.11n driver. Links above help you turning 'n' off.


.htaccess not taking effect in php project

I suspect the problem isn't that your .htaccess is being ignored but rather that mod_rewrite isn't enabled.  Try sudo a2enmod rewrite and restart Apache2.


How to make "x" act as mouse left click if scroll lock on?

You can do this with xbindkeys and xdotool. Once you have them both installed, and an ~/.xbindkeysrc file set up:

Edit ~/.xbindkeysrc
Uncomment this line:

#keystate_scrolllock= enable

Add these lines:

# x -> left click (when Scroll Lock is on)
"xdotool click 1"
    Mod5 + x

I can't test this on my machine because I don't have Scroll Lock, but I do have some shortcuts that are only active when Num Lock is off. So let me know how it goes!

For more details about the installation and setup, see my answer here, specifically steps 1 and 2, then after editing xbindkeysrc, steps 4 and 6.


12.04 run from cd, cannot copy files from mounted disk

This is mostly related to the mounted hard disk. You can try these to workaround the problem.
Using root power.
Press Alt+F2 to bring dash command prompt. In that window, type gksudo nautilus. This will open nautilus with root permission. Then you can copy the files safely. Remember to close the root powered nautilus after the work finished, also do only what you wanted to copy.
Take ownership of the mounted file system
If the above method does not work, You can use this.
Open a terminal, and type sudo chown user:user /media/New\ Volume to take ownership of the file system. Then copy the files and reboot. Please note, it is only recommended, if the above method does not work.
Hope this will solve the problem
( Credit: This thread )


There are several alternatives to achieve what you are looking for. But first of all, yes it is possible. Though, many of the possibilities are rather complex.

One of the easiest options might be to run the torrent daemon under a own user\group. Then use iptables to mark all traffic from that user\group with a flag. Then later let the tc filter on that flag and put it in the low priority queue. Look at the bottom of this wiki for an idea.

For what you are asking do you only need two queues(fig 1.), one low priority and one high. Though it might be better to stick with something closer to this example.
You can adopt the example to your needs, just drop the part with nat and make the default mark lower value than the mark you will use for the traffic generated by the daemon.

So for my suggestion you can use something like iptables -A OUTPUT -t mangle -m owner --uid-owner ZZZZ -j MARK --set-mark 6 ZZZZ is the user identificator.

An alternative for setting a flag might be to use iptables -A OUTPUT -t mangle -m owner --uid-owner ZZZZ -j CLASSIFY --set-class X:Y where X and Y is the class identifier, and ZZZZ is the user identificator.

Fig 1:

+---------+
| root 1: |
+---------+
     |
+------------+
| class 1:1  |
+------------+
  |      |
+----+ +----+
|1:10| |1:11|
+----+ +----+

The best might be to have a leaf for every fw mark. But my best advice now is, read and try to understand the example referred above to adopt it to your needs. If you have any questions add them.

In the example referred above, is it important that you understand this part (fig 2.) when you want to write iptables rules for marking or classifying traffic. For a short explanation of it with a slightly different looking diagram have a look at this.

Fig 2:

First you have to understand how packet traverse the filters with iptables:

        +------------+                +---------+               +-------------+
Packet -| PREROUTING |--- routing-----| FORWARD |-------+-------| POSTROUTING |- Packets
input   +------------+    decision    +---------+       |       +-------------+    out
                             |                          |
                        +-------+                    +--------+
                        | INPUT |---- Local process -| OUTPUT |
                        +-------+                    +--------+

This will point you in the right direction:

Rules, Guidelines and Approaches

Linux Advanced Routing & Traffic Control HOWTO: Rate limiting a single host or netmask

A Traffic Control Journey: Real World Scenarios

Iptables Tutorial 1.2.2


Unable to access Software Center - Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS

It looks like you manually removed some files installed by the software-center package. You need to re-install it.

Run

sudo apt-get install --reinstall software-center


The various dns-* entries in /etc/network/interfaces are used to create corresponding entries in /etc/resolv.conf (depending on what's actually creating /etc/resolv.conf, of course). From the Debian Wiki:

  If the resolvconf program is installed, you should not edit the
  resolv.conf configuration file manually as it will be dynamically
  changed by programs in the system. If you need to manually define the
  nameservers (as with a static interface), add a line something like
  the following to the interfaces configuration file at
  /etc/network/interfaces:

dns-nameservers 12.34.56.78 12.34.56.79

  Place the line indented within an iface stanza, e.g., right after
  the gateway line. Enter the IP addresses of the nameservers you need
  to use after dns-nameservers. Put all of them on one line separated
  by spaces. Don't forget the "s" on the end of dns-nameservers.

And the Ubuntu LTS Server Guide:

  resolvconf uses DHCP client hooks, and /etc/network/interfaces to
  generate a list of nameservers and domains to put in
  /etc/resolv.conf, which is now a symlink:

/etc/resolv.conf -> ../run/resolvconf/resolv.conf

  To configure the resolver, add the IP addresses of the nameservers
  that are appropriate for your network in the file
  /etc/network/interfaces. You can also add an optional DNS suffix
  search-lists to match your network domain names. For each other valid
  resolv.conf configuration option, you can include, in the stanza,
  one line beginning with that option name with a dns- prefix.

Thus, resolvconf uses these dns-* entries, as well as the configuration from /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/* to create /etc/resolv.conf.


Sound doesn't work through TV connected via HDMI

Or press the "windows key" on your keyboard, type sound and there should be only one button popping up.

Click that, then select the output device.

I find it useful to right click the button on the launcher, and lock it, as I change output and input (mic) devices often.


Installed Pygame, but Python claims it does not exist

The default python 2.7 on 14.04 is 2.7.6:

Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56)
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2

So I think that you installed your own python version which does not see the modules installed by apt-get.

Try instead to call python this way (the version installed in /usr/bin):

$ /usr/bin/python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56)
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pygame
>>>


I found the solution myself. It seems that I needed to enable Desktop Wall plugin in Compiz; just apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager, run ccsm and search for "wall" to find the option.


A "teacher" software to broadcast my screen to the students' computers

Veyon is exactly that. Veyon is the successor of iTALC

With it one can lock computers, plus remotely reboot or even shut-off machines. A good thing about it is that it is free with its source-code freely available for subsequent change to meet each user’s need. And, apart from Linux, it can also support Windows machines.

Features

It has been designed for usage in school. Therefore it offers a lot of possibilities to teachers, such as

see what’s going on in computer-labs by using overview mode and make snapshots

remote control computers to support and help other people

show a demo (either in fullscreen or in a window) – the teacher’s screen is shown on all student’s computers in realtime

lock workstations for moving undivided attention to teacher

send text messages to students

powering on/off and rebooting computers per remote

remote logon and logoff and remote execution of arbitrary commands/scripts

home schooling – its network-technology is not restricted to a subnet and therefore students at home can join lessons via VPN-connections just by installing it's client


How do I add a keyboard model to Ubuntu and give back that model to the community?

Creating a Modified Keymap and Submitting it to the Ubuntu Project

It's great that you are thinking about helping other users of your computer. Here are some steps you can take.

I'll try to give you an outline of the steps needed. The details will depend upon what your computer needs.

Creating a Modified Keymap

The detailed directions for defining a custom keyboard for Ubuntu are here. I would suggest copying your existing keyboard file to a new name and then modifying that file to add and modify what is needed. You can do this with gksudo gedit /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/old-name, and make the changes in your editor. Then save them under a new name.
If you forget you can reinstall the xkb-data package.

Activating and Testing the Modified Keymap

Go to System Settings and Select the Keyboard control panel. At the bottom select Layout Settings. Then you can click on the + icon on the lower left to add your new file to the menu, select it, and test it.

Contributing to Ubuntu

If you don't have one, you should get a Launchpad account. Go to launchpad and click at the top right corner to create one. Otherwise please log in.

The next step is to go here and make sure someone hasn't already filed a report. Assuming that's not the case, report the problem that the default keyboard is not adequate for the Lenovo z570 and mention why.

Please attach the file you have created to the bug.

I'd suggest coming back here and providing the link to the bug report. That way others who recognize your question here as their problem can go to the bug report and click on the link that says that the bug affects them.

Helping Even More People

You can go farther than this by checking out this link to the launchpad page for the upstream of this package. Clicking on the Bugs tag shows problems in the upstream package Launchpad knows about. It also shows that Freedesktop keeps a bug reporting system for upstream.

Most distributions of Linux probably use this upstream package, so your contribution can go farther once it has been contributed there. Ubuntu doesn't just serve as a way to help its own users, it contributes back to upstream developers such as those at Debian and Freedesktop to help non-Ubuntu users.

You can click on the link Bugs are tracked in freedesktop.org Bugzilla. at the top to go to the Freedesktop bug reporting system and send them your bug report and new keymap file. Once you do that you should go back to your Launchpad bug report and add that the bug affects the upstream package and put a link to your upstream bug report there. That way Ubuntu developers will know that they don't have to do this themselves.

I can see that the Ubuntu X team is busy at work preparing Quantal, so this is probably a good time to make a contribution. Their mailing list is at ubuntu-x@lists.ubuntu.com and I'm sure they hang out on IRC as well.


The compiz grid plugin is what you want. You can use Cntrl + Alt + NumPad keys for what aligning to top left, right, etc.