First, you do not need that many branching ifs. Like, at all. Instead, do something like this:

goodpassword=1

...

if [[ "$user_passwd" = *[A-Z]* ]]; then
    echo "Weak Password! It should include at least 1 upper case letter."
    goodpassword=0
fi

...

if [[ "$goodpassword" = 1 ]]; then
    echo "Good password!"
fi

To fix your issue with the globs, use regular expressions instead. Drop the * and use ~.

if [[ "$user_passwd" =~ [A-Z] ]]; then
    flagcap=1
fi

Regexes in general give you way more control and capability with matching and verification. You can, in fact, condense this entire script down into a single regular expression if you wanted (though you will lose verbosity).

Sample:

$ ./pwcheck.sh
Please enter password :
a
Weak Password! It should include at least 10 characters.
Weak Password! It should include at least 1 upper case letter.
Weak Password! It should include at least 1 number.

$ ./pwcheck.sh
Please enter password :
A
Weak Password! It should include at least 10 characters.
Weak Password! It should include at least 1 lower case letter.
Weak Password! It should include at least 1 number.


Only 64 bit EFI is supported at present. To support this we (I am a member of the Ubuntu kernel team) need work in the installer, which is outside the remit of the kernel team, however, there are ramifications on the kernel side too to ensure this works correctly.

Also in consideration is the support for 32 bit x86 systems too, I'm not sure what the current policy of that is.  A bug has been filed, so it is on the radar for sure.


If you boot the Live Media in your computer and have the USB Hard Drive installed (plugged in) you will be given a choice during installation as to WHERE to install and WHAT format you want.

I choose EXT4 because its more versatile than the other formats. Personal preference.

use THIS GUIDE and you shouldn't have any issues.


Possibly this is just an output selection problem. Go to system settings -> sound and try the different audio outputs. Many graphic cards and onboard sound devices just select hdmi as the standard output...


The URL presented throws also an error when opened in a regular browser. This means it just doesn't exist or is not responding (currently). This is totally unrelated to the observed crashes. Try another archive source to perform the updates and then see if the crashes don't occur anymore.


Little sound comes out of my audio output jack.

For now, the best thing to do is to go into alsamixer (via terminal) and boost the sound of the "Speaker" volume. Don't know why this is so, it's dumb, but it works... until you plug a new audio device in.


Somehow it went up (the Ethernet picking up the DHCP on my LAN) after I plug the laptop charger/adapter as the battery ran out


Installing Ubuntu on 3 partitioned flash drive

YUMI Will do this for you there are various ways to approach this issue. I myself use GRUB2 and add what I need. YUMI is a nice out of the box approach though. Why do you want to partition the drive ? you can make each live Disto persistent and it creates it's own space allocation.


I've been noticing this as well ever since I installed spicetify. I'm also at a loss as to what's causing it, but as a workaround, I've found that I'm able to force it to load by running sudo spicetify apply but this is a bit inconvenient to do every time you launch the client.

My spotify -show-console output.

HP Zbook 14u g4
Linux Mint Cinnamon 19.3
Kernel v. 5.3.0-40-generic
liburl3-gnutls v. 7.58.0-2ubuntu3.8
libgnutls30 v. 3.5.18-1ubuntu1.3
Spotify v. 1.1.10.546.ge08ef575


Setting up ProtonVPN for Ubuntu 17.10 not working. The interface on Ubuntu 17 is different on the tutorials and I'm not sure how to set this up

To get the terminal version working do the following:

I followed the following: Cannot Import VPN connection

In addition I also installed:

sudo apt install openresolv

Then I tried this:

ping 8.8.8.8
ping google.com

If 8.8.8.8 works but google.com doesn't work that means its your dns. Which I then edited /etc/resolv.conf and changed the nameserver to 8.8.8.8

That solve my issue.

Get your IP with:

curl wtfismyip.com/json

To get the GUI one to work after doing the above for the command line. I did this for the GUI to work:

sudo apt install openvpn network-manager-openvpn-gnome -y

I rebooted and then you add a VPN option. This time you should see a OpenVPN option and not just P2TP option.


Bash Script - Editing Lines on Text From File

You can use grep in Perl-mode to use lookbehinds and lookaheads to extract the relevant parts (between the timecode and the link at the end. It needs to match the format or it won't parse the line, so that sorts out your whitespace issue too.

$ grep -Po '(?<=\d\d:\d\d ).*(?= http)' data
Alex M.O.R.P.H. & Natalie Gioia - My Heaven
Fabio XB & Liuck feat. Christina Novelli - Back To You (Wach Remix)

And grep can handle STDIN if you need to loop it:

while read line
do
    echo "$line" | grep -Po '(?<=\d\d:\d\d ).*(?= http)'
done < /home/oli/Desktop/data

Though if you're only interested in the filtered data, I'd loop the output of grep:

grep -Po '(?<=\d\d:\d\d ).*(?= http)' data | \
while read line
do
    echo "$line"
done


Errors updating zesty packages - apt update/upgrade

As described in release notes. Zesty will be supported for 9 months until January 2018. Therefore you can use old-releases site, to install zesty packages.

You can use following sources list entries:

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# this repo is disabled!
#deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu zesty partner

deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty-security main restricted universe multiverse

It can be successfully retrieved by apt without any problems.


Can't erase everything (partition/data) on sdcard, even with dd

Please, check if the external sdcard reader have option to set read only (sometimes is called "Lock") to the attached sd card. If this is set to read only, you need to change this first, then use the data replacement command in your post.

You can also use urandom for better data erase.

sudo dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sdX bs=8192

If you cannot delete/create partitions with fdisk (or cfdisk) then it means that you sdcard is dead.


The reason why your dependencies are broken is because you have forced install draftsight package which was meant for the i386 architecture. Clearly, you are using the amd64 architecture and hence the broken dependencies is preventing you from installing any further packages.

One possible solution would be to remove draftsight package for the time being and then install openssh-server and then install it back again. Note that you have to do this every time you are updating and upgrading your system.

Or perhaps, if you can find a package meant for amd64 architecture, you can install that and I reckon your dependencies won't be broken anymore.


How do I change the size of the menu bar in gnome

For anybody who is interested, I installed a shell theme. The menu bar is now much thinner. So, it can obviously be done.


Cinder Volumes for LXD Instances in Ubuntu 16.04.1

For OpenStack Mitaka (as shipped in 16.04) its not possible to use Cinder volumes of any type with instances created using the Nova LXD driver.

For OpenStack Newton, its possible to use Cinder iSCSI volumes for persistent block storage, but there are some limitations - specifically only the ext4 filesystem type can be used within an unprivileged container and only when the kernel support is enabled

echo Y | sudo tee /sys/module/ext4/parameters/userns_mounts

You can use OpenStack Newton on Ubuntu 16.04 using the Ubuntu Cloud Archive:

sudo add-apt-repository cloud-archive:newton

Future OpenStack releases should have support for Ceph as well - that's currently work in progress and has not landed yet.


graphic driver for intel core 2 duo T5250

We resolved this issue in the comments, turns out all the OP needed to do was install the Intel Xorg drivers via sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-intel.

However, with the reboot the OP's double-click is messed up, so that's still be resolved (most likely will require a new question).


Unable remove python-mysql.connector in Ubuntu Server 16.04

Ok. As I said the problem was python 3.5 that was set as default.
So as @Thomas suggested to reverting back to python 2.x I did this and problem solved:

remove symbolic link to python 3.5

sudo rm /usr/bin/python

set python 2.7 as default

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

testing

python --version

hope help to others


Have you considered getting a cooling pad for your laptop? My brother's laptop has the same problem, but a cooling pad does a good job of preventing overheating.


gnome-shell failed to launch when dual monitor detected, nvidia card

My experience with the post-release proprietary NVidia driver is a lot better than the ordinary one.  I have not experienced any problems so far, after about an hour of use. It seemed to make a difference that I saved the dual screen setup in xorg.conf (nvidia-settings).

lshw says my Card is G86[Quadro NVS 140M].


Finding and deleting all files that begin with . within a directory

Hidden files don't have to be binary files.

You can use the following command to do this:

find /path/to/start/ -maxdepth 1 -name ".*" -type f -delete

This will search for files in /path/to/start/ starting with a dot (-name ".*", * means everything) without searching in sub directories (-maxdepth 1, change 1 to search deeper) only files (-type f) and will remove all the results (-delete).

It's not always a good idea to delete these files! Please be sure that you know what you're doing before executing this. Some files are hidden for a reason.


For Youtube, search for "Browser" in Dash and open https://www.youtube.com/html5 then press "Request for HTML5 player".

For Grooveshark the only way is to change link "http://grooveshark.com/" with "http://html5.grooveshark.com/" in grooveshark.user.js file located in "/usr/share/unity-webapps/userscripts/unity-webapps-grooveshark"

P.S. I don't really understand why do you need to use webapp, but most of the functions are not gonna work anyway, until webapps will be fixed (not particular webapp, but webapp system).


There are viruses for Ubuntu but they are so rare to encounter since most viruses are targeted at Windows.If you are still not trusting try some antiviruses for Linux like AVG Free or others.Hers a link for reference:
Linux Viruses


How Do I interpret HDD S.M.A.R.T Results?

You have a good description of how SMART works on wikipedia. But a quick intro:

Value: This is the raw value that the controller reports. Usually it's an easy to understand value (like power on hours or temperature), but sometimes it isn't (like the read error rate). Different manufacturers can use different structures and meanings for this data.
Normalized: This is the above value normalized so a higher value is always better. So a 114 in read/error rates is better than 113. Again, how your hard drive converts raw data to normalized value is vendor specific.
Worst: The worst normalized value that your drive had in the past (where 99 is likely the factory setting).
Threshold: When the normalized value is lower than this value the drive is likely to fail.

So, your hard disk seem to be ok. The value of the read error rate is not the times that your drive failed, but some data struct that depends on your disk manufacturer.


How do I change the default Chinese font?

Unfortunately, there isn't a GUI configuration editor for you to use to deal with this problem under Ubuntu.  The GUI font selectors under Gnome or Unity only allows you to select one font per option, while the Font Manager allows you to enable/disable fonts only.

But, as is the typical case of a Linux system, you actually can configure this, only you'll need to dig up the configuration option from lots of documentations.

Now, straight to the point: you'll need to edit/create the file ~/.fonts.conf.

The file does not exist by default. However, if you've used things like Font Manager, then there might be a placeholder file at ~/.fonts.conf telling you to use ~/.config/font-manager/local.conf instead, in which case you should create the latter.
You should first open ~/.fonts.conf to check.
To check if the file exists, a simple way would be to open the file manager, go to "Home", check "View->Show Hidden Files" and see if you can find .fonts.conf.

Once you've created the file, put the following code in it:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>
    <alias>
        <family>sans-serif</family>
        <prefer>
            <family>Droid Sans</family>
            <family>UKai</family>
        </prefer>
    </alias>
</fontconfig>

What it does is create a font resolution fallback list.  When a program is requesting a sans-serif font (most GUI fonts are sans-serif by default), the system would try to use the first font (Droid Sans) for a character. If the font does not support that character, the second (UKai) will be used.  I'm not sure if specifying Droid Sans as the first preference has any significance, but you might as well keep it, just to be safe.

Note also that you'll need to logout of your account and login again to see the effect.

For me, the effect is immediate after logging out and logging in again, and the font choice works system-wide.

The above answer is based on a related blog post: Fedora 中文字体设置

Edit

There is also a more comprehensive configuration sample under /etc/fonts/conf.avail or /etc/fonts/conf.d (I don't remember exactly which) whose name contains zh-CN. Inside is a set of configuration used for adjusting the exact fallback font order, which is far more suitable than the above method. Just copy the content in the file into ~/.fonts.conf or ~/.config/font-manager/local.conf and change the ordering of fonts to suit your needs.


Transferring files over home network WiFi

Assuming, you want to transfer files from system A to system B

Find IP address of system A (wireless)

  ifconfig

Go to the directory you have the files to share

  cd /directory

Start that directory as HTTP server

  python -m SimpleHTTPServer

Go to system B and install links (terminal browser) package

  sudo apt-get install links

Start links with system A IP (assuming 192.168.2.1) and port which shows in third step (probably 8000)

  links 192.168.2.1:8000

Download whatever files you want

If security is not your concern and simply want to transfer files without any configuration, this is perfect for you, I guess.


All what you have to do is to remove the English language tab from your keyaboard settings (Layout tab)


Where do I suggest features for the CCSM replacement?

You can propose your ideas in Ubuntu Brainstorm.

You can take a look at the Ubuntu Brainstorm tour to learn how to use the site.


Installing canon pixma mg5650 in linux ubuntu

That exact printer does not exist on the official Canon USA support page but you could try going to the official Canon support page for the apparently similar MG5620 printer and downloading the Linux drivers.  These drivers appear to be the same ones Canon supplies for my Maxify 2300 printer, which works well with Ubuntu.  I think there is a fair chance they will work.


How to exit automatically from current copying process?

Much that I love python, this isn't really a case for which it is needed. The problem here is that when an smb connection fails, cp operations freeze rather than terminate. Neither python nor bash will detect this.

So, you could start all jobs in parallel

user@host:~$ for dest in /media/Client_{1,2,3,4}; do cp -f sourcepath/* $dest & done

But this will probably choke your network. A better option may be to let cp run for an expected duration and then have it killed if it has frozen

user@host:~$ for dest in /media/Client_{1,2,3,4}; do timeout -k 9 30m cp -f sourcepath/* $dest; done

Which will kill the cp command with SIGKILL (signal 9) after 30 minutes if it has hung.

However, if needing to restart the transfer is a frequent problem, you probably want to use rsync instead of cp, which will check what has already been copied and resume wherever it got to.


Upgrade from 17.10 to 18.04 - Proftpd with sftp stopped working

I am having the same issue. I've filed a ticket here:
https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/issues/789

The same set up works great on Ubuntu 16.
I think it has to do with the openssl library


Suggest different version for this configuration because Ubuntu 12.04 taking too long to bootup & performing real slow

The version of Ubuntu that has the least impact on resources is Lubuntu. It uses the LXDE desktop environment. Some people will tell you that Xubuntu is better, but there are things available that prove that it actually uses more RAM than a stock Ubuntu install.

It's a bit easier to just do a fresh install of Lubuntu than to try to convert a current installation of Ubuntu to Lubuntu (though it is possible). If you absolutely want to do the conversion I can provide you the information on how to do it.


launcher for a program not working - ubuntu 13.04

I was able to get this to work by editing the robomongo.sh script, changing the relative paths to absolute paths (eg: ./lib to /opt/robomongo/lib).

Good luck!


Changing internal home network ip address for connected devices

In terms of forcing internal IP addresses, this is known as setting a static IP.

Here is a good article on setting a static IP in Ubuntu,

It basically comes down to:

Finding your gateway IP - IP of the router
Finding the netmask
Finding DNS server (or use Google's 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4)
Picking a static IP
Add them to the connection editor

This should be done on a connection basis not machine basis

Restarting networking service (or your machine)

Good luck!


Note: this is probably not a good stackexchange community for this question. We tend to focus on Ubuntu-specific things here.

It's not really my area, but as far as I know, linux doesn't let you set (max) cwnd size directly. Instead, cwnd size is a function of write buffer size, which you can set by writing to /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem or per-socket with setsockopt. If you want really big cwnd sizes you need to set another option called 'window scaling' or something. Look at man 7 tcp for more info.


How can I combine multiple HDDs with LVM?

Either RAID or LVM, Here is the complete reference: https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/advanced-administration.html#sect.raid-and-lvm


Cannot access USB drive which is encytped

After plugging in your USB drive, type:

lsblk

This will show you the device node of your encrypted drive e.g. /dev/sdc.

Then, decrypt the drive:

cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdc my_encrypted_drive

Type your passphrase. Now the drive can be mounted:

mount /dev/mapper/my_encrypted_drive /mnt

Once you've finished using it, unmount and encrypt it again:

umount /mnt
cryptsetup luksClose my_encrypted_drive


Apache shows index of/ instead of default index html

You should edit the 000-default.conf file

To edit 000-default.conf you can open it in a text editor with root permission, for example:

sudo -H gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

By default DocumentRoot is as below:

DocumentRoot /var/www/html

You need to change the DocumentRoot to:

DocumentRoot /var/www/

Save the file and exit.

After this you must restart your Apache server:

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart


How to change the file manager for Rubbish bin back to Nautilus?

I used the code from this answer to reset back to nautilus

xdg-mime default nautilus.desktop inode/directory application/x-gnome-saved-search


will sudo apt-get upgrade destroy my python 2 environment?

No not, If you use conda it is on their environment which conda mantain. Python 2 will be upgraded to latest python 2 version and not deleted and upgraded to python 3 because some apps still runs on it. apt upgrade will upgrade your conda not the environment you setup.


debuild failed at dh_install with cp: cannot stat `debian/tmp//path/to/install/bin/': No such file or directory

As the man page for dh_install says, the purpose of dh_install and the files that it reads are typically used for one of two purposes:

Specify which files go into multiple binary packages from a single source; or
Install files not handled by the package build system or move files to different directories

If you have a build system that can already build and install all the files needed for the binary package in the right directories, and you are only building one binary package from your source, then you don't need a debian/install file at all.

You mentioned that you are working with a Makefile-based project. As long as it supports standard targets like make all and make install and respects the $DESTDIR variable for installing, there's no need for a debian/install at all.

In fact, in the output you posted you can see a couple lines starting with find executing immediately before dh_install. I assume that is your project's make install target executing, and it looks to me like it is already installing files in the correct path, namely debian/cscore/opt/motorola-scanner/bin. So I think your build might work without a debian/install.


How to get back to windows after install Ubuntu in the same partition?

If you've formatted the windows drive, you're stuck.You can use your windows disc (or get an image file using your key, from the microsoft website) to reinstall windows on that partition, but as of now, you can recover some data using testdisk or photorec, but you can't restore the whole drive into it's previous state.

If you didn't format the disk, get BOOTITNG online(http://www.terabyteunlimited.com/bootit-next-generation.htm).  There is a free version available. Use it to restor MBR to Win7 MBR. It has an option to do it directly. You need to make a bootable disk/pen drive using another pc though.


How to disable microphone from auto adjusting its input volume

Not sure if this applies to everyone, but if you use any kind of web conference / video chat service in Chrome / Chromium such as Google Hangouts, there's a good chance it uses the WebRTC protocol.  Unfortunately the WebRTC implementation in Chromium comes with a handy “feature” called Automatic Gain Control that tends to screw with your microphone volume.  Unless the web app itself gives you an option to disable it, there is otherwise no way turn it off, and Chrome developers don't want to add a global “off switch” for it.

What I ended up doing was to use @lelandbatey's solution.  Since I was using PulseAudio, I used pacmd instead of amixer:

while sleep 0.1; do pacmd set-source-volume alsa_input.???-?????.analog-stereo 90000; done

Note that 65535 corresponds to 100%, so 90000 is about 135%.  The name of the device (alsa_input.???-?????.analog-stereo) should be substituted with whatever you find by running pacmd list-sources | grep name::

name: <alsa_input.???-?????.analog-stereo>


I believe you might have this bug

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/547147

the solution would be to install kernel 2.6.34

you can find it here

http://www.ramoonus.nl/2010/05/linux-kernel-2-6-34-installation-guide-for-ubuntu-linux-10-04/

I'm not sure if this is the case, since the bug appeared with 10.10 but, it's worth to try.


How can I autosave screenshots in Ubuntu 17.04?

You can do that by installing scrot command-line screenshot tool and setting CompizConfig Settings Manager to use scrot when Prt Scr key is pressed:

Install scrot using the following command in terminal or using software center:

sudo apt install scrot

Open gedit as root by pressing Alt + F2 and running gksu gedit. In gedit paste the following code:

#!/bin/sh
mkdir ~/Pictures/Screenshots
scrot 'Screenshot_%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S.jpg' -e 'mv $f ~/Pictures/Screenshots/'

You can change the way it saves the screenshot by changing the above command.
Save the file with the desired filename in /usr/bin/ and close gedit. Let us assume you saved it as scrot-sreenshot for the next steps.
In terminal run the following command:

sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/scrot-screenshot

Open CompizConfig Settings Manager. If you don't have it installed, please install it first.
Click on Commands and enable that.
In a Command-line field in the Commands tab, enter scrot-screenshot (let us assume you selected Command line 0).
In the Key Bindings tab, in Run Command 0, enable it by clicking on the button which says Disabled -if it was not previously configured- and ticking the checkbox saying Enabled.
Click on Grab Key Combination and press Prt Scr. It will show you a warning saying that the key is already used by Take a Screenshot and let's you to disable it. Disable Take a screnshot and everything should work as you want.

Source


default pdf-reader changed from Evince to Gimp

Right click a pdf file and select properties. In the third tab "Open With" select the application you want pdf files to open with. At the bottom right corner, click Set as default.


How do I save/remember last-used window position and size for applications?

For 12.04 (and 11.10)

The short answer is: hibernation is the best option because the gnome-session-save functionality was removed after 11.04 since it was buggy, and the official tweak to manually re-enable this functionality does not appear to work. Part B of this answer describes how to use an alternative hibernation method, TuxOnIce, which is more compatible and reliable right now than the built-in hibernation.

A. Trying to enable the old Gnome session saving functionality

Note: as described at the end, this official tweak does not appear to work -- you may want to skip directly to B. Hibernation with TuxOnIce
This Launchpad bug discusses restoring the "save session" functionality. It is currently marked "fixed", because a patch was introduced in the gnome-session package in April 2012, allowing users to manually re-enable this functionality. The patch describes itself as:

add GNOME_SESSION_SAVE environment variable for people wanting to
use the save session still, knowing that it can break your system
if used unwisely (LP: #771896)

You can enable this by setting the GNOME_SESSION_SAVE variable to a non-null value. Here's how:

Press Alt+F2, type gedit ~/.pam_environment, and press enter.
Add the line GNOME_SESSION_SAVE=1 at the end of the file as shown below:

Press Ctrl+S to save, and Ctrl+Q to quit the editor.
Now reboot (logout should also work, but just to be safe)

What the patch (source) does is disable the Options tab in Startup Applications, which used to contain the Remember running applications when logging out option. BUT it checks the GNOME_SESSION_SAVE variable, and if set (non-null), it should enable session-saving just as if the Remember... box existed and was checked. That's why the bug is labeled as "fixed"

if (g_getenv ("GNOME_SESSION_SAVE") != NULL)
                maybe_load_saved_session_apps (manager);
Unfortunately, it doesn't seem to work, as confirmed by comment 32 in the bug tracker.
I even tried disabling the patch and rebuilding gnome-session from source. That makes the Options checkbox show up again, but it does nothing.
But hey, it may somehow work for you!! :)

B. What works for now: Enhanced Hibernation with TuxOnIce

Hibernation saves your current system state (including your session, applications open, etc.) to the hard disk, and shuts the computer down. When you start it again, it reads the saved state and restores it, just as if you had never turned the computer off. This technology is mostly used by laptop users to save on battery power, but there's no reason it can't be used on desktops as well.
Hibernation support is available in Ubuntu/Linux but was disabled in 12.04 because it wasn't working properly on a number of systems. See this question and this bugreport if you want more information.

A more compatible alternative: TuxOnIce
TuxOnIce (wiki|homepage) is an alternative to the kernel's built-in hibernation technology, and is supposed to be more compatible, more reliable and more flexible.
It is easily installed, and if it doesn't work for you, as easily removed.
It does require installing TuxOnIce's custom kernel, but the instructions that follow should make it easy. If you've never opened the terminal before, you may want to now :-)

0. Requirements

The only requirement for TuxOnIce is that your swap partition be at least as large as the amount of memory (RAM) you have. You can check this by:
Start the terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T
Type free -m, and you should see something like this:

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          1024        731        260          0          0        190
-/+ buffers/cache:        540        451
Swap:         1536          6       1530

The number after Swap: (e.g. 1536) should be more than the number after Mem: (e.g. 1024)
If this is not the case, and your swap is smaller than your memory, you must either resize and increase the size of your swap partition, or configure TuxOnIce to use a special swap file. That is beyond the scope of this answer, but if you ask another question and mention it in the comments, I will answer and explain how.

1. Installing the TuxOnIce kernel
Start the terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T
Copy and paste the following into the terminal. This adds the TuxOnIce PPA and installs the custom kernel and headers.

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:tuxonice/ppa -y

and once the ppa is added:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install tuxonice-userui linux-generic-tuxonice -y
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic-tuxonice -y

Now reboot.
Ubuntu should now start up with the TuxOnIce kernel. If there are any problems, keep the Shift pressed at startup and you will get the Grub menu. Use the arrow keys to go to Previous Linux Versions, press enter, and press enter again to go back to the working kernel.

2. Testing hibernation functionality.
Open some of the applications you normally use, e.g. Firefox, Thunderbird, LibreOffice, etc.
Open the terminal again, with Ctrl+Alt+T.
Type sudo pm-hibernate, press enter, enter your password.
You should see the lock screen for a second, and then the TuxOnIce hibernation progress screen, like the one below:

If TuxOnIce works, your computer will shutdown.
Start it again, and wait. TuxOnIce should resume from the point you hibernated, including all the windows you opened at the position you opened.

If all this worked, go to Step 3, which lets you enable Hibernate from the dashboard.

3. Enabling hibernation from the dashboard
Press Alt+F2, type the below and then press enter:

gksudo gedit /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla
Paste the below, press Ctrl+S to save and Ctrl+Q to exit the editor:

[Re-enable hibernate by default]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

Restart, and you should see the Hibernate option as shown below:

4. Removing TuxOnIce

If TuxOnIce doesn't work for you, or you simply wish to remove it, start the terminal and enter:

 sudo apt-get remove tuxonice-userui linux-generic-tuxonice linux-headers-generic-tuxonice -y
and remember to disable the Hibernate option in the menu with:

sudo rm /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla
Then restart.


Samsung SCX-3201 MFP scanner not working

Not Supported

Having checked the stable version of the SANE libraries that is included in Ubuntu from the sane-project website, the scanner in question is not yet supported.

To double check this you'll need your USB identifier that you can obtain using lsusb.

The SCX range of scanners use the sane-xerox_mfp back-end.

Checking the unstable version (the version you will need to compile from GIT source) again your scanner is not supported.

Possible solution

Possibly you can add your model if it is similar to one of the listed models in the above links.  This involves adding the USB ID to /etc/sane.d/xerox_mfp.conf together with similar information to the SANE rules in /lib/udev/rules.d/40-libsane.rules

Obviously change the values to match your scanner.

To give you an example add the following text to /etc/sane.d/xerox_mfp.conf:

#Samsung CLX-3185FW
usb 0x04e8 0x343d

and /lib/udev/rules.d/40-libsane.rules by adding

# Samsung CLX-3185FW
ATTRS{idVendor}=="04e8", ATTRS{idProduct}=="343d", ENV{libsane_matched}="yes"

Make sure you install the following package:

sudo apt-get install acl

source

If the above does not work, try also adding your user account to groups lp and scanner by:

sudo usermod -a -G lp [username]
sudo usermod -a -G scanner [username]


Force wifi to connect to preferred access point (BSSID)

I was able to connect to specific WiFi points with a different network manager.

Here a link to the other nm:
http://wicd.sourceforge.net/

Thanks for asking,
Ben


Get rid of orange edge around radio buttons

Depending on your current used theme, you can either (which is more likely and easy found out) edit/change/modify the graphics .svg or .png, like shown in the screen-shot below or by changing the color-coded values for visually drawn window graphics in the themes .ccs files.

Find out, what theme you are using.
Browse through the graphics folders (first) to find a visual match.
To edit [.svg] files simply use inkscape and for [.png] files gimp. *Install via Software-Center
If it is not imaged-based, go for the .ccs files.
The path/dir to look for is:

  /usr/themes/YourTheme/

or

  ~/.themes/YourTheme/

Please note: Highlighted/focused buttons, tick-boxes etc.. are all rendered by the default theme itself!


Sorry, Ubuntu 16.04 has experienced an internal error

I don't know if this is related to your problem, but it look very similar.  Take a look at comment 7 in the below link for a possible work around.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/signon-ui/+bug/1235742

  There is a workaround to this problem that worked for me. From the
  terminal execute the following:

sudo apt --reinstall install signon-ui
sudo apt --reinstall install signon-ui-x11
sudo apt --reinstall install signon-ui-service
sudo reboot


Unable to install Canon Laser Shot LBP2900b Laser Printer on Ubuntu 20.04

Go to this page:
https://in.canon/en/support/0100459601/7?model=0017B011
Click on the download button.
The name file linux-capt-drv-v271-uken.tar.gz will be downloaded, suppose in /home/user/Downloads
Open a terminal and run:
sudo apt-get update
cd /home/user/Downloads
tar --xzvf linux-capt-drv-v271-uken.tar.gz
cd /home/user/Downloads/linux-capt-drv-v271-uken/64-bit_Driver/Debian
sudo dpkg -i *.deb
sudo apt-get -f install

Change user to your username


Startup several applications on boot (each in their own terminal) + Auto-Mount Harddisk

Simply go to Start up Applications, and add a new entry, name it as you wish and write the following in the command box:

gnome-terminal -e "command"

*Instead of gnome-terminal you can use whichever terminal you like. Substitute command by any of your commands, easier to do it just one command per entry.


I would make a live usb with ubuntu or anything like that, and run grub-install and update-grub in terminal, then if everything goes right you will see the grub boot menu.


getting error while installing docker: "docker-ce : Depends: containerd.io (>= 1.2.2-3) but it is not going to be installed "

You have to install containerd package, this is how I solved it.

$ curl -O https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/bionic/pool/edge/amd64/containerd.io_1.2.2-3_amd64.deb

$ sudo apt install ./containerd.io_1.2.2-3_amd64.deb


What is the point of the bash Null-operator ":", colon?

It's sometimes useful to allow parameter expansions side-effects to occur.

For example, setting a default value

read -p "Enter your name: " name
: ${name:=John Doe}  # if the user entered an empty string
echo "$name"


Failed Ubuntu 15.10 installation on UEFI system, how to report this bug

https://bugs.launchpad.net/dell-sputnik/+bug/1499323 It is most likely related to this bug, it is actually a bug in some uefi firmware that they specifically look for the windows only uefi entry point. Follow the steps in the bug work around and see if that fixes it for you


Is there a way to access the WiFi connection through the shell?

Yes, you can do it using nmcli command.

For example, you can turn Wi-Fi off by running

nmcli nm wifi off

You can turn it on by

nmcli nm wifi on

Other options of this command can be seen by running

man nmcli


What is the best file system to use with Xubuntu 11?

"best" is relative - there are some other filesystems that are extrememly specialized for special situations, but for general usage ext4 works nicely.

You can't use FAT or NTFS because they don't support the extended file attributes that Ubuntu needs (mainly a security thing).


Dual boot Ubuntu Windows 10, separate SSD, partitioning, laptop

The default Ubuntu Desktop installation takes under 10 GB. Nowadays Ubuntu doesn't need a separate partition for swap, because uses swap file. It is good idea to have swap equal or bigger of the amount of you RAM. let's say you have 16 GB. Let's add 2 x 10 GB for further package installations, so at this point 50 GB looks pretty enough.

If you haven't used Linux/Ubuntu before, one new thing you must know is that the file system is organised in different way (such things as C:\ doesn't exist).  There have one directory called root /, that represents the main partition and all other partitions could be mounted on a preferable location in the tree of root.

I think 250 GB should be okay for all user files. In Ubuntu, the user's home directories will be created as sub directories of the directory /home. On the private computers usually there is only one (main) user and its home directory will be /home/username. So based on my opinion, you need about 300 GB.

To do partitioning, during the installation process of Ubuntu, on the step Installation type you need to choose Something else. Then you will be able to create one partition with mount point / and one with mount point /home. Do not mount any Windows partition at this stage, they will be automatically mounted after the installation.

I would allocate 50 GB for / and 250 GB for /home. But you can choose a different scheme. Here are few premises that can help you with this decision:

Except the installation files, almost all other files will be saved in the user's home directory.
If you need extra space for media files, such these in Downloads, you can use the Windows (NTFS) partition(s) that you can access without problems from the Ubuntu side. The limitation is that NTFS doesn't support the Linux's permissions, but this is not a problem for the media files. For easy access, you will need to disable the fast boot option of Windows, which is not a big deal. Thus you will be able to share files between Ubuntu and Windows, easy.
Other huge things are the games. As I know you can play almost all Steam and Blizzard games on Ubuntu (under wine), so if you playing much games, maybe you will want to allocate more space (to /home). I'm a fan of StarCraftII and, on my poor i5-3rd generation laptop, it is much faster under wine rather than under Windows. But 2-3 games will spent about 50 GB.
If you work with some big raw media files (videos, photos), probably you will need more space, but the NTFS partition will serves well also in that case, I think.
If you plane to work with databases and some kind of services such as Apache,  Nginx, Tomcat, etc., the directory /var will be important to you, and probably you will need to allocate more space to / or even you can create a separate partition for /var. For example an average MediaWoki installation is about 1.5 GB, the initial WordPress installation is about 50 MB, their databases will be 20-50 MB...
The last thing that comes to my mind is about the virtual machines - each of them will spent space at least as the minimal installation size of the guest OS.

After the creation of the partitions that you need for Ubuntu, you can leave the rest space as un allocated and create a new NTFS partition, later, under Windows. Or you can create this NTFS partition on the very same step and go forward.

Probably your Windows is installed in UEFI mode, so you will need to do some pre-installation setup - at least you need to disable the secure boot option from the BIOS. Within the comments already was provided an additional useful information according to that point.

  I'm not going to disconnect the
  windows 10 SSD drive C:\ (NTFS) either, because it seems like it might
  be connected all the way in the innards of the laptop.

It is okay, Ubuntu will install its boot loader - GRUB - on the the boot partition an you will be able to chhose the OS you want to boot after the installation.

  I will just install the second SSD into the other hard drive bay and I must be able to choose the correct drive in the Ubuntu installation phase. I'm a little worried about that, because how can I know which drive is which?

When you choose Something else ot the next step you will see two devices - most likely /dev/sda and /dev/sdb. The drive that contains your Windows will have 2 ot 3 partitions: one small EFI boot partition, one big partition with the Windows installation and perhaps one recovery partition. The other drive should be un-partitioned . So you will see something like:

/dev/sda
    /dev/sda1
    /dev/sda2
    /dev/sda3
/dev/sdb

In that case your second device that you must partition is /dev/sdb and it must be partitioned.

  I have a feeling that my windows 10 was pre-installed, and it is the UEFI mode thingy (I dont know what that means exactly though)

UEFI is just another type of interaction between software and hardware. As I know in this mode the OS can take control over the BIOS of some settings. The most important is that all OS must be installed in the same mode. So you must not disable EFI/UEFI from BIOS to install Ubuntu, just keep it enabled.

  I don't understand why different guides tell to make swap partition for the Ubuntu and make also /var partition, and should I do that or simply make two partitions only, root partition for Ubuntu and /home partition for Ubuntu?

On Ubuntu 18.04, by default, the swap is a file located in you root partition, thus you can easily resize it without re-partitioning the drive. The previous versions of Ubuntu, by default, require a separate partition for swap.
You can use only one partition for your Ubuntu 18.04+ installation. The idea to have, as we say, /home and probably /var on separate partitions is that if you need to reinstall the OS, which usually requires format of the root partition, your user's data will stay untouched.


how to run virginbroadband from usb in 11.10?

Check the USB Modem to see if there is any memory card already inserted

Remove any onboard memory card

Connect the modem and wait for network manager to detect the modem (time can range from a second to 5 minutes top)

Once network manager detects the device as a modem as a mobile broadband device, click on the NETWORK indicator and choose the your device as detected and you should see network ICON rotating( indicating that the system is trying to make a connection)

A CONNECTION ESTABLISHED notification will spring up if the connection is successful

IF network manager fails to recognize the device as a mobile broadband device, remove the device and click on the network indicator, select EDIT CONNECTIONS

A NETWORK CONNECTIONS dialog box will show up. Click on MOBILE BROADBAND and choose ADD.

Choose continue and also choose the country from which you are making the connection( Australia  in your case) and select the provider from the list of providers (virgin broadband in your case) and click continue.

if you do't find your provider name make it manually.

Finally choose apply and connect the USB Modem and wait for about 5 minutes to allow network manager to recognize the device as a mobile broadband device. Once recognized, click on the device name under the network indicator to activate the connection


grub-install: error: failed to get canonical path of `aufs'

aufs belongs to the live system. You should install grub into the installed system, and you can use chroot to do that according to the following link to the Ubuntu 'help wiki',
help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Installing#via_ChRoot
Boot Repair is a tool that you might find easier to use, but I think it is worth learning the chroot method.

Edit after the dialogue of comments:
The partitioning details are described in the following links,
help.ubuntu.com/community/DiskSpace
help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/persistent#Partitions


How can I disable "selection by clicking " on GTK treeview

You could use the Gtk.TreeSelection.set_select_function functionality for this. Basically you give it a function, each time a row is selected this function is called. When it returns False the row can't be selected.

Here's an example:

treeview = builder.get_object("treeview3")
selection = treeview.get_selection()
selection.set_select_function(_select_func, None)

def _select_func(selection, model, path, selected, data):
    return False  # Can't select this row


Relation between hooks and service's units in juju

You can think of hooks as 'hook scripts'. Whenever an action happens which corresponds to an available hook script it gets executed.

Example: When you add another unit to one of two related services the appropriate relation hooks get called to set up this new unit.


Change Ubuntu time and date for specific application

You can use faketime to tell processes it's a different time.

Install it via:

sudo apt install faketime

Then just run your application like this:

faketime -f '-5d' date

This calls date. So just substitute date with whatever you like.

The example goes 5 days back change that part to whatever you like.

If you want to learn more about how you can use faketime, check out its man page:

man faketime

Note that this only works after you installed it.

If you're curious how to achieve this for an application you launch from the Dash, check out this answer.


Dolphin crashes when opening USB drive, "dolphin does not provide a bug reporting address"

I've got also Dolphin crashing but not in the same context.

May be this workaround will work for you too:
Go to Control Menu > Configure Dolphin > Services > Uncheck "the link to activities"

Sorry, my version is in french and I don't know the exact label in english ("Module externe de liaison entre fichiers et activités)


The OP solved the problem himself in the question:

I solved by running:
sudo apt-get remove --purge libreoffice-core libreoffice-common python3-uno libreoffice-*

for some reason removing each package separately has failed but in the same command - it worked


If you really need a terminal to run emacs, the use the command below

emacs file.txt & nohup

From man nohup

nohup -
run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty


How do I grep audio/video frame time indexes from an XML file?

grep -Po '(?<=show=")[^"]*' filename.xml

(?<=show=")[^"]* matches xxxx in show="xxxx" and grep option -o prints only those text matched.


Ubuntu Login Loop Guest Account Doesn't Work Either 14.04

Please reinstall lubuntu-desktop through tty (Ctrl+Alt+F1). Hit Ctrl+Alt+F1 and enter your username and password. Then the following commands afterwards:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall lubuntu-desktop

Finally reboot after reinstall completes.


suspend in ubuntu 12.04 doesn't work correctly

Are you sure it is not "turned off"? From personal experience, when putting my laptop into suspend under 12.04 the laptop goes into a low power state (power light flashes) as it should. It still provides some power to the USB ports however, the laptop cooling stand still works and the mouse light is still on for example.

So if this is the case for you, then I guess all is working as it should. If you don't like power going to USB during suspend, someone has asked this question before: Suspend USB power to a laptop cooling pad when going to suspend mode

If your laptop is not going into a proper suspend (laptop internal fan is still on, power light is on and not flashing, hard drive whirring, keyboard LEDs on or other signs of life) then it might be worth mentioning these in your question. Also say if you can wake it from this state by pressing the power button.


Locating libcrypto.so.4 for Cisco IOU use in GNS3

You have to use the 32bit version of the library, if you have a 64bit system this wont be downloaded.

To download the 32bit version go to https://www.codeweavers.com/support/wiki/diag/missinglibssl

Then you can create a symbolic link using:

find / -name '*libcrypto*' 2> /dev/null

Look for something like:

/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0

Then create the link:

sudo ln -s /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0 /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.4

Credit to the YouTube video that helped finding the solution:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chcHuF3nEoQ


How do I import my PPA signing keys from a host into a virtual machine?


Microphone noise-filtering for recording

You can try Audacity

Audacity is a linux program, that comes via the package audacity. I have used it for filtering.

It can be installed from the Ubuntu repository universe

sudo apt install audacity

which will probably work well. If you want a newer version (which may or may not work in your version of Ubuntu), you can find it via the following link (use a PPA for Ubuntu),

https://www.audacityteam.org/download/linux/

Audacity (as well as other audio program packages) is bundled with Ubuntu Studio, which is a special flavour of Ubuntu for multimedia.

  Ubuntu Studio is a free and open source operative system, and an
  official flavor of Ubuntu. Ubuntu Studio is the most widely used
  multimedia orientated GNU/Linux distribution in the world. It comes
  preinstalled with a selection of the most common free multimedia
  applications available, and is configured for best performance for the
  Ubuntu Studio defined workflows: Audio, Graphics, Video, Photography
  and Publishing.


This seems related to an old bug that is not fixed involving a certain version of gstreamer (0.10) used by Clementine  - also linked here. (I see that ape files can be played with Exaile 4.0.0 beta, which uses GStreamer 1.8.3.)

The most simple solution is to use another music player (Audacious, Deadbeef, etc). Most Linux audio players are not affected by this problem..

If you must use Clementine, converting to another (possibly lossless) format makes sense too, as ape is a lossless format. (If you have large collections in ape format with sub-folders, you may like this answer, where I suggest replacing avconv with ffmpeg).


no you cannot install ubuntu on xbox...
the only linux available for xbox360 is a dead project called 'free60' and it only works on xbox manufactured before 2009.

besides xbox sucks as a htpc, has no hardware decoding chip and uses a ton of power. your better off buying a roku box or similar.


My computer won't connect with anything at all—bluetooth, wifi, tethering—is there a software fix or is it hardware?

I managed to solve the problem.

Here it explains that the question mark on the wifi or ethernet icon can be caused by Ubuntu's "Settings > Privacy > Connectivity Checking". Disable that and the question mark goes away, showing full connectivity.
However the internet still didn't work. Hmm. With my Android phone connected via USB-C, and tethering enabled, I turned off the wifi on my phone, so it is only using mobile data. Success! Why doesn't it work via wifi? Still don't know, but at least I have something.
Now I can download and install the rtl8818ce driver and enable it in "Software & Updates > Additional Drivers". Wifi on my machine works now.


Some applications run, but have no visible application window

I was facing similar problem, but the solution was quite simple. The problem occurs because two monitors are connected to the PC. The windows which were not displaying were displayed on the other monitor that was turned off.

See this post on Ubuntu Forums


Ubuntu won't boot from my hard drive, only a trial version from USB-Live pendrive

Well, take out the usb for starters.  Next is make sure you have the trusted boot file added to your bios in your computer.  I bet this is your first uefi laptop.  I keep telling people to post a bug on ubuntu for not telling people they need to do this on the install.

I searched and it seems to say you need to change to cms mode in advanced options.

You could also try boot-repair.

When all else fails, change to legacy boot and reinstall.
You need to make a usb with live linux creator or universal usb installer for legacy.  This is broken until 16.04 gets active again with a new startup disk creator.

I have had both methods work in my acer laptop and settled on legacy.
After the bios update, it was forgetting my trusted boot files that I was setting.  I dropped back down to the older bios and then went legacy for both win 10 and lubuntu.

Do not get confused between two problems.  Usb legacy boot problem and uefi.  You need to activate uefi to find the secure boot settings to add the trusted source.  You also need to set a password to see that option.  Be very careful when setting a bios password.   Be sure to reset it back to nothing by setting password again and hitting《enter》.. (nothing).  If you forget the bios password, you have big problems so set it back to nothing once you are fished adding the trusted source.

Again.  I recommend legacy.  So..
Make a proper new usb installer.
Switch to legacy boot.
Install.
Finished.

I needed to change the partition to mbr in order to install windows as legacy.  Not a big problem unless your are over 2 to (I think).  You are limited to 4 paritions too.  (Almost a problem for me)..but I only have 32gb anyway.


Updated: 2016-Aug
For Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (15.10 or later)
Adapted from: LightDM Ubuntu Wiki - Configuration

System provided configuration files in /usr/share/lightdm/ are not intended to be user editable. Instead users should use: /etc/lightdm/
Newer versions of LightDM (Ubuntu 15.10, or later) use [Seat:*] instead of [SeatDefaults]

Just run this (once) at terminal:
sudo sh -c 'printf "[Seat:*]\nallow-guest=false\n" >/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-no-guest.conf'

To undo (restore Guest option), remove the file created:
sudo rm /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-no-guest.conf

For Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (up to 15.04)
Adapted from: Ubuntu Forums - lightdm config files location in 14.04
Just run this (once) at terminal:
sudo sh -c 'printf "[SeatDefaults]\nallow-guest=false\n" >/usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-no-guest.conf'

You will no longer have 'Guest' as login option, on your next login.
To undo (restore Guest option), remove the file created:
sudo rm /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-no-guest.conf

For Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (up to 13.10)
Simplest method.
Just run this (once) at terminal:
sudo /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-set-defaults -l false

You will no longer have 'Guest' as login option, on your next login.

This simply appends allow-guest=false to /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.

Should work from 11.10 onwards (since these use LightDM as well).

To undo (restore Guest option):
sudo /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-set-defaults -l true


Digital stereo (IEC958) only , ALC1150,Ubuntu 16.04 AMD64

The answer is actually so simple that it's silly that it's not included in the default gnome audio control panel.

Step 1:

sudo apt install libavresample-dev pavucontrol libasound2-plugins-extra

Step 2:

pavucontrol

Step 3:

Tick all the boxes for the advanced audio codecs

Step 4:

Enjoy amazing sound over S/PDIF out (optical or coax) to a speaker set that supports it.


This appears to be bug in the gnome-settings-daemon.

A workaround has been proposed by Kim Nguyễn in the form of a python script, custom_suspend.py. He/she says:

  The script should be launched as: systemd-inhibit --who=me
  --why=because --mode=block --what=handle-lid-switch /path/to/custom_suspend.py

  from the session startup (gnome-session-properties)

  This is public domain and only lightly tested. It relies on existing
  gnome/systemd commands to perform the underlying action


Keyboard shorcut for Nightlight Gnome 3.24 Ubuntu 17.04

If you are still wanting to know, this command worked for me,

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.color night-light-enabled true

Changing 'true' to 'false' turns it off. Worked it out after seeing this: https://www.reddit.com/r/gnome/comments/6cvlb6/how_to_configure_night_light_in_gnome_324x/


OS (Windows7) not detected when installing

Boot into BIOS

Set the SATA mode to IDE

Set the SATA3 mode to AHCI

Install. You will need to change these settings back when you boot into Windows and vice versa, as Windows cannot boot with these settings.

It is likely the bootloader will not show up, but that can be fixed easily by first typing sudo fdisk -l in a Terminal

Then, run sudo mount /dev/STEP_5_OUTPUT /mnt && sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sda

Now you should be able to boot, but be sure to revert the changes to BIOS to boot Windows and vice versa.


External HDD no longer working on 16.04 (Seagate)

I have found a solution. For some reason the Mac would not verify the contents of the NTFS drive, as such I can only presume there was an error or something stopping it working correctly. I copied the contents to a USB stick and then formatted the external HDD in FAT32 format (Ubuntu wouldn't recognise exFAT). It now works fine and is doing the first backup of 16.04.


Java is fully backwards compatible, you can see it by the version numbers. JAVA 6 and 7 are really 1.6 and 1.7 so you only needs the latest version installed.

You may need more packages than waht are provided in the SDK, check this answer for more help.

Following old tutorials runs the risk of not being able to follow them since they don't work anymore. This tutorial you are following is four years old(2009), and the fix for it is a year old which may have worked when 1.7 Was just released but now it's just a memory berried in the history of software development.

Find a new tutorial on the topic, since this one is dead.

OR you can go the extra mile an install a VM with Ubuntu 10.04 and Java sdk 1.6 if you think it's worth that much work...


Blank Black screen appear after upgrading Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 32-bit to 18.04 LTS 32-bit bionic beaver via software updater during reboot

You can try Ubuntu Mate or Lubuntu. Works fine on 1GB RAM


answer you can find here...
/etc/profile not being sourced

So you need define your vars in ~/.profile and make sure that your login shell read that file. For instance gnome-terminal does read ~/.profile at start up.


What command can read email mailbox file and produce output to stdout?

Possible solution:

mutt -f email.file -e "push <decode-save><Return><Return><quit><Return>"

-e key execute following command
push add key sequences to the keyboard buffer

As result I get file with main headers and plain text from raw mailbox file

When I execute the script under cron or procmail:

export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 && screen -dm mutt -f email.file -e "push <decode-save><Return><Return><quit><Return>"


Kodi creates a .kodi folder for the user where all settings are kept.
What I would recommend is:

Uninstall Kodi (if you followed their Ubuntu guide it should be sudo apt-get remove kodi)
Delete any .kodi/ directory for your user with rm -rf ~/.kodi
Delete any .kodi/ directory for the root user (as you indicate that also exists) sudo su - then rm -rf ~/.kodi then exit

Give it a quick look to make sure those folders no longer exist (if doing it through Nautilus you'll have to enable show hidden folders CTRL-H I believe.


I used Grub-Customizer and now it gets stuck at the grub screen. Please help!

I have the same issue.
The only way I solved it is by installing "boot-repair" on the live CD and go to advanced options and reinstall grub.
After you have repaired it, do NOT go near grub customizer again because it will break it again.

Here is a link that will help you install "boot-repair"
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


How to integrate Gmail, Google contacts and Google calendar into Unity without Thunderbird or Evolution?

You can install Ubuntu’s New Web Apps Feature of Ubuntu 12.04 & 12.10. This will allow you to integrate your Gmail and Google Calender to the desktop, and make them first class citizen on your computer. This will allow for system notification pop-ups, HUD integration, and other Unity features. This is how to install it:

Open the Terminal and type these commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webapps/preview
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install unity-webapps-preview

Now log out and log back in for the change to take affect. The time next you visit Gmail or Google Calender on Firefox or Chromium, they will ask if you want to integrate with the desktop.

Here is some more reading on the subject:

http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/07/ubuntu-unveil-new-web-apps-feature-for-12-10

http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/07/list-of-that-websites-support-unitys-new-web-apps-feature

http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/07/how-to-install-ubuntus-new-web-apps-feature

Hope this helps!


Option 1: Using file:// links

You can point your browser to any folder on your computer using

file:///path/to/folder

A list of files should show up, similar to a File Browser. Web Browsers can also parse .html files, show images, play some video formats, open text and xml files from your local machine. Just point your browser to file:///path/to/file.ext.

Option 2: Running an HTTP-Server

If you need to parse files other than .html (e.g. php files) or need to access them from another computer, you need to run an http server like apache, nginx or Python SimpleHTTPServer on your local machine. Then you can use http:// and if configured also https:// URLs.

Here is a nice list of Instant HTTP Server options.

Example:
Start an Instant http-Server using Python and SimpleHTTPServer

Python 2.x:

cd /home/user/folder && python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8082

Python 3.x:

cd /home/user/folder && python3 -m http.server 8082

Then open your preferred browser: http://localhost:8082/

UPDATE:

After you added your specific need in the comments, I would recommend reading this page why local links inside http pages are not allowed. Included is also a workaround (overriding the security policy using NoScript).

  For security purposes, Mozilla applications block links to local files (and directories) from remote files. This includes linking to files on your hard drive, on mapped network drives, and accessible via Uniform Naming Convention (UNC) paths. This prevents a number of unpleasant possibilities

I see three options:

Use an (Instant) HTTP Server, then you can include http://localhost:8082/file.js directly.
Overrde Firefox security policy and use a file:// link (I would not do it when other options exist)
Let the Server access the file via http, smb or ssh connection to serve it directly (if you're behind a router or firewall, you need to take care of port forwarding). This is quite complicated to achieve, but  is the only option that enables access from other machines (only while your computer is online).

Note: For better answers, always write the question as specific as possible from the beginning.


Libreoffice "English sentence checking" option missing

It seems that the Libreoffice documentation in 4.2 may be a little dated since the release of 4.3.  Grammar checking is supported as an extension to LibreOffice, and needs to be installed from within Libre.  The pool of available grammar checkers is not large, and you might examine LanguageTool, or After The Deadline.  Lightproof is unsupported and does not work in Libre version 4+


How to uninstall utorrent 3.3 in ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS?

One easy step:

sudo rm -r /opt/utorrent-server-alpha-v3_3 /usr/bin/utserver

This command deletes both the installation directory and the link to the program's executable.


PowerPC macs and 12.04 LTS Application Support

For this machine, I would recommend Lubuntu. Ubuntu with a lighter desktop environment. Here is the link: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/12.04/release/

This will run on your machine, faster, and cleaner then other versions of Ubuntu would.
For aditional help with Lubuntu, visit http://www.lubuntu.net/


Needed:

cd /usr/lib/python2.7
sudo mv site-packages/cx_Oracle* dist-packages/
sudo rmdir site-packages/
sudo ln -s dist-packages site-packages
sudo ldconfig

Thanks to http://bayo.opadeyi.net/2011/07/setting-up-cxoracle-on-ubuntu-1104.html


Attaching a Windows network drive on Ubuntu

Edit /etc/fstab, add an entry like:

# Samba
//server/share  /media/samba  cifs  credentials=/etc/samba/credentials,uid=1000,gid=100  0  0

Where:
"Server" = Samba server (by IP or name if you have an entry for the server in your hosts file

"share" = name of the shared directory

In the credentials file put two lines

username=user
password=password

Make the file owned by root and ro by root (sudo chown root.root /etc/samba/credentials && sudo chmod 400 /etc/samba/credentials)


Can I setup subdomain.hostname.local on a home network?

From the Setting I understand that you dont have a DNS Server in your Network who would resolve Names like sub1.alpha.local into its IP Address.
So the usual workaround is configuring the IP manually in your /etc/hosts file like

192.168.1.101  sub1 sub1.alpha sub1.alpha.local

If your router has the DHCP feature you enter the Administrator Panel of your Router and set the MAC or Hardware Address of your alpha Server manually to be assigned the IP Address 192.168.1.101

You can find the MAC Address of your Machine with the ifconfig command:

$ ifconfig
enp4s0: flags=4163  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.115  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
        inet6 fe80::16da:e9ff:fe96:343e  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
        ether 14:da:e9:96:34:3e txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 222436  bytes 52837578 (50.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 55928  bytes 7339677 (6.9 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
lo: flags=73  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 529  bytes 15607 (15.2 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 529  bytes 15607 (15.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

It would be the Value

ether 14:da:e9:96:34:3e


Ubuntu touch is not officially supported for Nexus 5 and I think we can't support unofficial ports here, like we can't support unofficial spins of Ubuntu desktop. There are other good channels though, in both chat and mailinglists. Look at the bottom of this page for details: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Contribute#Discuss


How to install and setup graylog-server and graylog-web on Ubuntu from repository?

I am writing steps to setup graylog-server and graylog-web from repository. graylog-web is webbased frontend to graylog.

mongodb and elasticsearch are the dependencies so we have to install these first.
now configure elasticsearch e.g. edit /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
sample setting is
cluster.name: graylog-production
network.bind_host: 0.0.0.0
discovery.zen.ping.multicast.enabled: false
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["127.0.0.1:9300"]
script.disable_dynamic: true
now restart elasticsearch by sudo service elasticsearch restart
Now install graylog-server and graylog-web
first setup graylog repository
$ wget https://packages.graylog2.org/repo/packages/graylog-1.0-repository-ubuntu14.04_latest.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i graylog-1.0-repository-ubuntu14.04_latest.deb
$ sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https
$ sudo apt-get update
now we can install graylog-server and graylog-web by apt-get
$ sudo apt-get install graylog-server graylog-web
Now graylog-server has installed, we need to configure setting e.g. edit file /etc/graylog/server/server.conf
follow https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-graylog2-and-centralize-logs-on-ubuntu-14-04 and http://docs.graylog.org/en/1.0/pages/installation.html#ubuntu-14-04 for settings.
see sample setting file at http://paste.ubuntu.com/12426568/
check if graylog-server is running or not
java -jar /usr/share/graylog-server/graylog.jar server
if its running then you will see lines
Started REST API at <http://127.0.0.1:12900/
Graylog server up and running.
Now if graylog-server is running fine then you re ready to setup graylog-web. we have already installed it so now copy /etc/graylog/web/web.conf to /usr/share/graylog-web/conf/web.conf and give values
graylog2-server.uris="http://127.0.0.1:12900/" and set application.secret
we are done now, so lets start graylog-web
sudo /usr/share/graylog-web/bin/graylog-web-interface or by sudo start graylog-web
check by opening http://localhost:9000


Install the indicator-sound package which provides the normal ubuntu volumecontrol via the command

sudo apt-get install indicator-sound

and to make the change take effect do

killall unity-panel-service


Using sed:

for file in *simulation_y_t*; do sed -n '$ s/.*hgip.\{0,16\}$/&/p' "$file"; done

It will check the last line of each file and if hgip comes within the last 20 characters it will print the line.

Here is the expanded version (printing the file names also):

#!/bin/bash
for file in *simulation_y_t*; do
    line="$(sed -n '$ s/.*hgip.\{0,16\}$/&/p' "$file")"
    [[ -n $line ]] && echo "$file: " "$line"
done

The starting $ (before the s/// pattern) indicates the last line of the file.
The pattern hgip.\{0,16\}$ ensures that hgip occurs only with the last 20 characters of the line
line will contain the line with match
[[ -n $line ]] tests if the length of $line is non-zero, if so then the file and the matched last line will be printed.

This can also be done using grep with help from tail:

grep 'hgip.\{0,16\}$' < <(for f in *simulation_y_t*;do tail -1 "$f";done)

Here the logic is same as sed's, in addition tail -1 will give us the last lines of the files so that we can run grep over them.

EDIT :

If you want to delete the last line if it matches the conditions, use this:

!/bin/bash
for file in *simulation_y_t*; do
   [[ -n "$(sed -n '$ s/.*hgip.\{0,16\}$/&/p' "$file")" ]] && sed -i.bak '$d' "$file"
done

The original file will be kept with a .bak extension, if you don't want that just use -i instead of -i.bak.


Chromium has been using Aura since version 35 and has removed most of the GTK code in the M36 (or was it M37?) branch. Ubuntu enabled Aura early in version 34.

The last non-Aura version of Chromium in Ubuntu was version 33, which leaves Chromium 18 in Precise and Chromium 25 in Lucid as the only non-Aura versions.


if you want to remove them, then try running

sudo apt-get autoremove

in the terminal

this can't be undone, so make sure that your system is running okay with your current kernel before attempting to do anything

what you will get from removing these older unused modules is some free MBs


How to get the Ubuntu wallpapers on Ubuntu GNOME?

In order to get the wallpaper used in Ubuntu (with Unity) run (replacing <release> with the appropriate release name, for instance, you could replace it with wily or trusty to get the wallpaper loaded with 14.04 or 15.10):

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-wallpapers-<release>


as it saying you need to do the procedure as root user. simple add sudo. In Ubuntu to install anything you must be a root user.

I mean

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gpointing-device-settings
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gpointing-device-settings

then you will have it installed .


/usr/bin/env: 'python': No such file or directory despite installs of python 2.7 and 3.8

One can use the following to ensure python calls are directed to python3
sudo apt-get install python-is-python3


how to install curl 13.04 with depency error

Just ran into this problem and since it had a different issue and solution I'm going to post it here.

In my case, I'm using Ubuntu 14.04 and the error was:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
curl : Depends: libcurl3 (= 7.35.0-1ubuntu2) but 7.35.0-1ubuntu2.2 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

In my case, the problem was that I've unchecked, by mistake, trusty-security and trusty-updates repositories in the Software & Updates utility, and perhaps the dependency was going to be installed from one of that repositories:

The bottom line is: make sure you have all the needed repositories enabled.


Swap the order of those Alias directives so the most specific one comes first:

Alias /blog/wp-content /var/lib/wordpress/wp-content
Alias /blog /usr/share/wordpress

From the docs:

  [...] the Aliases and Redirects are processed in the order they appear
  in the configuration files, with the first match taking precedence.

  For this reason, when two or more of these directives apply to the
  same sub-path, you must list the most specific path first in order for
  all the directives to have an effect. For example, the following
  configuration will work as expected:

Alias /foo/bar /baz
Alias /foo /gaq

  But if the above two directives were reversed in order, the /foo Alias
  would always match before the /foo/bar Alias, so the latter directive
  would be ignored.


error while installing RPi.GPIO as "ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:"

I was able to fix the issue by installing RPi.gpio using pip3. Type the following commands:
export CFLAGS=-fcommon

pip3 install RPi.GPIO

Source:
https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=289084


On Ubuntu 19.10 VLC causes freezing and eventual app crash when video paused for longer than 5 minutes

partial answer...

Lenovo Y50-Y70

Your BIOS is very old. You have version 9ECN31WW(V1.14) from 2014.

This web page shows version 9ECN43WW(V3.03) is current.

Please verify that I have the correct web page for your model #, and then download and install the newer version and see if it helps.

Note: Do a proper BACKUP of your important files BEFORE performing the BIOS update.


Unable to change brightness via nvidia-settings nor brightness keys

Have you tried:

sudo setpci -v -H1 -s 00:01.00 BRIDGE_CONTROL=0

If it works, they add it to /etc/rc.local (without the sudo)


Can some one suggest a software to monitor and maintain record of total internet bandwidth usage

"Do You Have Limited Internet Plan? Use NTM (Network Traffic Monitor)!" - http://www.webupd8.org/2010/12/do-you-have-limited-internet-plan-use.html


Is it possible to use Python with the Ubuntu SDK?

It is currently not possible to use Python with the Ubuntu SDK. The Ubuntu project is tightly focused on getting a stable mobile phone OS by October 2013, and a full convergent story by Ubuntu 14.04. In order to achieve this, QML has been the language of choice to recommend to app developers to write their software.

Technically, provided that there are Qt/QML bindings in Python available, it should be possible to use it with the SDK. However, given the time frames, we want to focus on supporting one toolkit and doing it well, rather than supporting multiple options.

If any community members are interested in contributing towards it, it should not be an impossible task, but right now the status of Python Qt bindings is a bit complicated: PySide, which would be the natural choice, will not be ported to Qt5 in the foreseeable future. PyQt has just been ported to Qt5, but it might not be the best choice in terms of licensing commercial applications, which will coexist with free, open source apps in the ecosystem. See more context on this earlier question.


i just killed windows 10 and put ubuntu on my laptop. problem is my touchpad will not work

Run the following commands to update your software:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-core xorg-input-abi-20 xserver-xorg-input-synaptics


Getting error in apt-get autoremove. How can I remove it?

There is no package named todoist in the default Ubuntu repositories which is why autoremove is unable to automatically remove it. Try to remove todoist manually. Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt purge todoist

If the above command doesn't work use Synaptic package manager (sudo apt install synaptic) to remove todoist instead. Open Synaptic -> click the Status button in the lower left corner -> click Installed (local or obsolete) and search for the todoist package in the center pane. If you find the todoist package, click the checkbox on the left side of the package and select Mark for Removal to remove it.


The solution turned out to be quite simple: I made a mistake in locating Synaptic. Once I found it, installing xscreensaver worked as expected. With one minor exception: the "rss" hack installed but isn't visible to xscreensaver. Every other hack (less BSoD - which I didn't install), including the GL hacks, works.

Executive summary: User Headspace Error


Thankfully I got the issue resolved. What I did was that I found this post while searching and used the command written in fourth comment by teresko.
The command is:
LD_PRELOAD='/usr/$LIB/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/$LIB/libgcc_s.so.1 /usr/$LIB/libxcb.so.1 /usr/$LIB/libgpg-error.so' steam

Moreover, I found that Gnome actually causes error with CSGO. When I use the above command, CSGO ran, but Gnome showed an error that OpenGl is not working, I closed the error window and CSGO kept on running like butter without any issue.
I hope this will help others.


How to change the default Video folder from Ubuntu TV

Open the file $HOME/.config/user-dirs.dirs with an editor. One line looks like:

XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"

Change the directory Videos to whatever you like and restart your session (log out and login again). Now your default Video-directory is changed.


Trouble with Tor Vadalia in ubuntu 14.04

Using the Tor Browser from Tor Browser Bundle:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/tor-browser
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install tor-browser

After that, open your Tor Browser via Dash with tor or via terminal with

tor-browser-en.sh


ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'apt_pkg'

I had the same issue. I resolved it.

There is a python script called command-not-found in /usr/lib/command-not-found.

This script, gets updated after you upgrade your python version. At least that's what happened to me. I upgraded from Python3.6 to Python3.8.

Now, the issue is, This script is working based on the previous version of Python.
So I went into this file, and changed the first line from

#!/usr/bin/python3 (which refers to python3.8)

to:

#!/usr/bin/python3.6 (which is python version comes with Ubuntu 18.04)


How do I get the Ultimate Ubuntu Home System?

I think this may be one of the solutions for you...

XBMC

How do I install XBMC?


How to automatically report system problems detected

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ReportingBugs#A4._Collect_information_about_the_bug says that information about bugs and crashes is reported automatically in stable Ubuntu versions (last one would be 14.04) without apport appearing.

Since you see apport, most probably you are using Ubuntu 14.10 - version under active development. "click through each of them every time" implies that you are asked to report 5-6 errors on every boot - or at least I had that problem. Those are created by "persistent bug reports" that for one or another reason are not deleted after submitting them. After clicking through reports, you may manually clean /var/crash/ folder - it will only contain information you've already submitted. All new crashes should be inspected nevertheless.

All in all, I wouldn't recommend auto-submitting, since then you yourself wouldn't  know something was off until system exploded.


Ubuntu desktop hangs occasionally during regular use

This is the bug of Nouveau video driver (kernel extension). For details, check the bugs at bugs.freedesktop.org or at GitLab, especially: #93629, #99900 and #100567 (which are related to SCHED_ERROR/CTXSW_TIMEOUT).

To debug the freeze, you can use Magic SysRq key, for example:

Note: Consider holding ⇧ Shift  (depending on your keyboard).

Alt-SysRq-9 (no ⇧ Shift) - Set the console log level to 9 to show more of kernel messages
Alt-SysRq-w - Display list of blocked (D state) tasks
Alt-SysRq-l - Shows a stack backtrace for all active CPUs.
Alt-SysRq-t - Output a list of current tasks and their information to the console
Alt-SysRq-p - Output the current registers and flags to the console
Alt-SysRq-q - Display all active high-resolution timers and clock sources.
Alt-SysRq-m - Output current memory information to the console

Other things to try during freeze:

Note: Consider holding ⇧ Shift  (depending on your keyboard).

Reset the nice level of all high-priority and real-time tasks by hitting Alt-SysRq-n.
Try forcing a return to a text console by hitting Control-Alt-F1 (from F1 to F12).
Kill all processes on the current virtual console (can kill X) by hitting Alt-SysRq-k.
Perform a system crash (if it is configured) by Alt-SysRq-c.

If nothing works, you should perform a safe reboot by Alt-SysRq-REISUB, which is:

Alt-SysRq-R: UnRaw (take control of keyboard back from X).
Alt-SysRq-E: tErminate (send SIGTERM to all processes).
Alt-SysRq-I: kIll (send SIGKILL to all processes, forcing them to terminate immediately).
Alt-SysRq-S: Sync all mounted filesystems (flush data to disk).
Alt-SysRq-U: Unmount (remount all filesystems in read-only mode),
Alt-SysRq-B: immediately reBoot the system.

Note: If above hard reboot combination won't work, the freeze could be caused by defected hardware, not video drivers.

Note: If some SysRq options doesn't work, due to "This sysrq operation is disabled" error, enable by:

echo 1 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

See: Configuring SysRq in Linux.

After reboot, check your kern.log for details, especially call traces generated by above kernel commands. This can help to find the right bug report for it, and find the solution. Check the following kern.log example.

You can check the latest crash log by:

journalctl -b -1 # Then hit Shift-G to jump to the end.

Suggested solution:

Upgrade your Ubuntu and kernel to the latest version.
If problem repeats, the workaround is to install NVIDIA drivers, which replaces Nouveau video driver.
If same happens with NVIDIA drivers, this can be related to the hardware issue or graphic card overheating (try lowering your overclocking features).


I had a similar problem where the UEFI loaded Windows after the secend boot after a fresh install. I ended up replacing the Windows boot files:

open up the file manager from your live USB and navigate to the EFI boot partition
rename the original bootmgfw.efi in the Microsoft folder to bootmgfworig.efi or something like that
copy/paste the grubx64.efi from the Ubuntu folder to the Microsoft folder and rename it to bootmgfw.efi
reboot

Hopefully the Grub bootloader shows up and you can boot Ubuntu. However you may no longer be able to boot Windows via the existing menu entry. If that is the case you have to add a custom menu entry to Grub:

run gksu gedit /etc/grub.d/40-custom and add these lines:

menuentry "Windows Bootloader" {
set root '(hd0,gpt2)'
chainloader (${root}/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfworig.efi)
}

run sudo update-grub
reboot


How do I remap a default keyboard combination?

take backup of the file /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/ie

sudo cp /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/ie /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/ie.backup

Open the file /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/ie with gedit

sudo -H gedit /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/ie

edit the line like below

key <AE03> { [            3,    numbersign,            copyright,        threesuperior ] };

Save the file, Close and refresh the shell Alt+F2 r enter


will unity 3d on older computers work with 13.10

Give an try for 13.10, if it works, fine.If it doesn't, you may stick to 12.10 for some time.Ubuntu Gnome is an continuation of the old look that people love.You may want to try it.You can always go with xubuntu or lubuntu or kubuntu which are better for low spec hardware.

BTW you will not be able(or recommended) to stick with 12.10 much longer as it EOL's in Apr 2014(that's also the time when 14.04 LTS will be launched).

So in short, you have following options.

Stick with Ubuntu 12.10 and jump to Ubuntu 14.04 quickly via 13.10.See if it(14.04) works.
Try out Ubuntu 13.10, See if it works.
Get yourself transfered to Gnome or others.

  We don't have not yet evolved forecasting powers.You will only have to try 13.10 to check if it works the way you want.Good Luck!!!


How do I disable/modify CPU underclocking due to temperature on a laptop with a 2nd generation core cpu?

The throttling is defined in the firmware (BIOS) and the kernel is just following the orders to do what is right.  If you ignore throttling and the CPU hits Tjmax your CPU will shutdown automatically.  I suspect the machine is designed this way so you don't see blue smoke appear out of the machine too frequently.


BIOS/UEFI Template Image for Booting ISO Files

Booting ISO Files with mkusb BIOS/UEFI GRUB Template Image
There are a few pre-built programs available for multibooting Linux systems:
MultiBootUSB, Ventoy and YUMI.
The inner workings of these tools is not very transparent.
Now it is easy to build an ISO booting USB that works in BIOS and ISO mode from scratch.
There are several versions of the mkusb BIOS/UEFI GRUB template.
https://phillw.net/isos/linux-tools/uefi-n-bios/dd_grub-boot-template-for-uefi-n-bios.img.xz
For use in Windows 10 and in Linux.
https://phillw.net/isos/linux-tools/uefi-n-bios/mkusb_grub-boot-template-for-uefi-n-bios_fat32_4GB_use-in-wins.img.xz
For use in Windows 7 thru 10, it has a 4GB FAT32 No 1 partition that is accessible in older versions of Windows or IOS.
MD5SUM's can be found here: https://phillw.net/isos/linux-tools/uefi-n-bios/grub-boot-templates-for-uefi-n-bios.md5.
Basic ISO Booter (Min 4GB USB)

Flash mkusb_grub-boot-template-for-uefi-n-bios_fat32_4GB_use-in-wins.img to a USB using Rufus, Etcher, Gnome-Disks, mkusb or etc. (Use 7zip to extract from xz if necessary).

Copy the ISO file for any flavor of Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Lubuntu ... Xubuntu) or Linux Mint* to the USB.

Rename the ISO file to ubuntu.iso.

Boot the USB and confirm that everything works.

Linux Mint, Elementary OS and some flavors of Ubuntu may require initrd.lz rather than initrd in grub.cfg.
Basic ISO Booter with Persistent Partition Alt1 (Min 4GB USB)
Only one persistent partition is allowed per Computer.

Create Basic ISO Booter above.

Boot USB, open GParted and format empty space to the right of the boot partitions as ext4, label it casper-rw.

Basic ISO Booter with Persistent Partition Alt2 (Min 4GB USB)

Create Basic ISO Booter above.

Boot the USB, at the boot menu select live-only option  and press e to edit.

Use the arrow keys to get to the end of the linux line, (one space after the word nopersistent). and type toram then press F10 to boot.

In Terminal type sudo umount -lrf /isodevice to unmount the USB.

Open GParted. Move EFI boot partition 1MB from right side. Move BIOS boot partition next to it. click apply, Adjust Partition No1 size as required.

Create a new ext4 partition in the unused space, label it casper-rw

A persistent partition labeled home-rw can also be created, It is similar to a /home partition in a Full install.

Boot the USB using the persistent menuentry option.

Named ISO Files

Boot the USB and edit grub.cfg using
sudo gedit -H /media/ubuntu/usbboot/boot/grub/grub.cfg

Add proper ISO names, (and path), as shown below. Note: Using /etc/grub.d/40_custom to edit grub.cfg does not work with ISO files.
menuentry "ubuntu-20.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso live-only" {
   set isofile="/ubuntu-20.04.1/ubuntu-20.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso"
   loopback loop (hd0,1)$isofile
   linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile noprompt noeject quiet splash maybe-ubiquity nopersistent
   initrd (loop)/casper/initrd
}

ISO Multi-Booter (Min 8GB USB)

Boot toram and move boot partitions as above using GParted.

Resize FAT32 partition to fill empty space.

Copy preferred Ubuntu flavors (Kubuntu, Lubuntu ... Xubuntu) ISO's to USB.

Edit grub.cfg providing a uniquely named menuentry for each ISO.

ISO Multi-Booter with Multi-Persistence (16GB+ USB)

Create multi-booter as above.

Add a uniquely named folder to a FAT32 partition for each ISO file requiring persistence if not already there.

Add a persistence file labeled writable to each folder.

Add a persistence file labeled home-rw to each folder as desired.*

Edit linux line of each persistent menuentry adding persistent-path=foldername

Example: linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile noprompt noeject quiet splash fsck.mode=skip persistent persistent-path=ubuntu-20.04.1
To create persistence file:
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=casper-rw bs=1M count=512
sudo mkfs.ext4 -F casper-rw

(Replace 512 with the "size in MB" you require, max 4000)
For Ubuntu 20.04 and later replace casper-rw with writable
For a home-rw partition replace casper-rw with home-rw

Additional Tweaks

Booting to RAM: Add toram at the end of the grub.cfg menuentry linux line.

Eliminating Disk Check: Add fsck.mode=skip at the end of the grub.cfg live-only menuentry linux line.

Eliminating Try/Install screen: Remove maybe-ubiquity from the grub.cfg live-only menuentry linux line.

Safe Graphics Mode: Add nomodeset at the end of the grub.cfg menuentry linux line.

To watch boot progress remove quiet splash from the menuentry linux line.

Personalize a persistent ISO. Go to settings/Users and add a New User and a password. You can make new users for each persistent ISO.

Additional menuentries see: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot/Examples

When booted from the USB, data copied to the disk is located in the isodevice folder.

There seems to be some problem with home-rw files, persistent-paths and Ubuntu 20.04 right now.

These templates require editing to work with other Linux distros

Some other Linux distros have much in common with Ubuntu, but the  internal boot structure is usually different from standard Ubuntu and the Ubuntu family flavours, so it would be necessary to tweak the grub configuration (in the menuentries of grub.cfg).
mkusb can create live-only as well as persistent live drives from several non-Ubuntu ISO files, for example Debian Live and Linux Mint.

Additional Menuentries for some popular Linux distro's:
Debian Live
menuentry "debian-live-10.5.0-amd64-gnome" {
    set isofile="/debian-live-10.5.0/debian-live-10.5.0-amd64-gnome.iso"
    loopback loop (hd0,1)$isofile
    linux (loop)/live/vmlinuz-4.19.0-10-amd64 boot=live findiso=$isofile persistence persistence-path=debian-live-10.5.0
    initrd (loop)/live/initrd.img-4.19.0-10-amd64
}

To create persistence file:
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=persistence bs=1M count=512
sudo mkfs.ext4 -F persistence

then mount it
mkdir perst
sudo mount persistence perst

Create a persistence.conf file
echo / union >persistence.conf
echo >>persistence.conf

Move it to the perst directory.
And unmount:
sudo umount perst

To create persistence partition:
Create an ext4 partition, label it persistence and drop a persistence.conf file into it.


after update the kernel ubuntu 12.04 wont boot

When grub show up, select old kernel.

Next, type the command below to view / list all installed kernels on your system.

dpkg --list | grep linux-image

Find the newest kernel than your current kernel. When you know which kernel to remove, continue below to remove it.

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-x.x.x.x-generic

Finally, run the commands below to update grub2

sudo update-grub2

Reboot your system


Item cannot be installed or removed until the package catalogue is repaired

Open a terminal and enter:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean


Will mono be carried forward by upgrading to 12.04?

If something is installed, it will generally be upgraded to the new version when doing an upgrade. If it's installed and nothing is using it, it may be recommended for removal during the upgrade. The upgrade process will present a list of packages which may be removed if they are no longer needed or supported. When this happens, you will also be given the option to keep or remove those packages. Such should be the case with mono here.


My microphone recording volume automatically changes

Skype - Options - Sound devices - turn off "Allow Skype to automatically adjust my mixer levels"


sudo -A ignoring my SUDO_ASKPASS variable

The SUDO_ASKPASS variable needs to be exported to your environment, rather than defined as a simple shell variable:
export SUDO_ASKPASS=${HOME}/.ssh/secrets/.supwd.sh

or POSIXly
SUDO_ASKPASS=${HOME}/.ssh/secrets/.supwd.sh
export SUDO_ASKPASS


You can perfectly watch Nexflix content with Google Chrome. Just download and double click the .deb package.

Source: Netflix now works on Ubuntu, no hacks required.

http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/10/psa-netflix-ubuntu-now-working-box


. is a source operator in Bash and multiple other POSIX shells:
$ help .
.: . filename [arguments]
    Execute commands from a file in the current shell.

    Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell.  The
    entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME.
    If any ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters
    when FILENAME is executed.

    Exit Status:
    Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if
    FILENAME cannot be read.

It's always safer to do . ./script instead of . script because .
searches PATH by default and you can run into name collisions:
$ echo echo hi > script
$ . script
bash: .: /usr/bin/script: cannot execute binary file
$ . ./script
hi

And because some shells do not search current directory be default:
$ mv script script-to-be-sourced
$ dash
$ . script-to-be-sourced
dash: 1: .: script-to-be-sourced: not found


Touch-pad suddenly stopped working Ubuntu 18.04.2 DELL Vostro

Your BIOS is really old.

As per sudo dmidecode -s bios-version you have version A04.

Using "Model is Dell Vostro 3458 and service tag number is DY5ZC72"...

Note: make sure you have a good backup before updating the BIOS.

The current version is A15, as per https://www.dell.com/support/home/us/en/19/product-support/servicetag/0-eGtKRTR2MmdlSkorWWc4RmdHVWFtUT090/drivers

See https://www.dell.com/support/article/us/en/19/sln171755/update-the-dell-bios-in-a-linux-or-ubuntu-environment?lang=en for how to do this in a Ubuntu-only environment.


'Error: no root objects' running monero-wallet-gui in Ubuntu 16.04 x64 on Asus UX410U

Per a monero-gui contributor, building for Ubuntu 16.04 is no longer supported. There are a few ways you could potentially work around the problem. Below is a copy/paste of the comment by pazos.

Ubuntu 16.04 is not supported anymore. It doesn't have the minimum QT required by the application to run, which is QT 5.7.0. Official releases work because they ship qt bundled inside the application.
The are three things you can do:

use official builds, don't try to build from source.
upgrade your ubuntu box to -at least- ubuntu 17.10.
download qt official releases for linux-x64 from download.qt.io and install it somewhere on your path. Use that qt version to link your program.

I don't suggest to try 3 if you don't understand what it means. The README should be updated to specify all those changes.