decode a video with nvdecode (nvidia video sdk 7.1) and ffmpeg

According to FFmpeg Wiki: Hardware Acceleration:

  CUVID offers decoders for H264, HEVC, MJPEG, mpeg1/2/4, vp8/9, vc1.
  Codec support varies by hardware. The full set of codecs being
  available only on Pascal hardware, which adds VP9 and 10 bit support.

  Sample decode using CUVID which copies the frames to system memory in
  this case:

ffmpeg -c:v h264_cuvid -i input output.mkv

  Full hardware transcode with CUVID and NVENC:

ffmpeg -hwaccel cuvid -c:v h264_cuvid -i input -c:v h264_nvenc -preset slow output.mkv

  Partial hardware transcode, with frames passed through system memory
  (this is necessary for transcoding 10bit content):

ffmpeg -c:v h264_cuvid -i input -c:v h264_nvenc -preset slow output.mkv

  If ffmpeg was compiled with support for libnpp, it can be used to
  insert a GPU based scaler into the chain:

ffmpeg -hwaccel_device 0 -hwaccel cuvid -c:v h264_cuvid -i input -vf scale_npp=-1:720 -c:v h264_nvenc -preset slow output.mkv

  The -hwaccel_device option can be used to specify the GPU to be used
  by the cuvid hwaccel in ffmpeg.


Is the GNOME Tweaks package in Software the same as installing gnome-tweak-tool?

Yes, the gnome-tweaks-tool and gnome-tweaks packages correspond to the same application.
The package was renamed to gnome-tweaks with GNOME 3.26 (Ubuntu 17.10), but it continues to provide gnome-tweak-tool as a transitional package, which can safely be removed (is used for those who upgrade), as you can see here: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-tweaks/3.28.1-1


Upgrade to imagemagick7 and force php to use it

I think you're stuck with ImageMagick v6.x for now.
The important thing here is the imagick module itself.
Regardless of ImageMagick version on your system, the imagick module v3.4.4 only supports ImageMagick versions 6.x.
From the PECL imagick website (PHP Extension Community Library):
The 3.4.4 release is intended to be the last release (other than small bug fixes)
that will support either PHP 5.x, or ImageMagick 6.x.
The next planned release will be PHP > 7.0 and ImageMagick > 7.0 at least, if not higher.

Link: http://pecl.php.net/package/imagick/3.4.4


Unable to connect to wireless network thru alternate driver

Open a terminal and type this:

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

This worked for me. Let me know if it works for you.


Installing Gearman on Ubuntu 8.04.4 LTS Codename Hardy

To install gearman you are going to need this

https://launchpad.net/~drizzle-developers/+archive/ppa

and

https://launchpad.net/~gearman-developers/+archive/ppa

To get the deb entries and the fingerprint for the urls given,visit the links and click to toggle 'Technical details about this PPA'

Run this command with the fingerprint obtained from the said links

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys NUMBER

Run the above command for the two links given above.

do an update

sudo apt-get update

and then install gearman

sudo apt-get install gearman-job-server libgearman2 libgearman-dev gearman-tools

sudo pecl install channel://pecl.php.net/gearman-0.8.0

Add the generated php extension - extension=gearman.so to your php cli ini and php5 ini.

Note

I was unable to install the latest pecl package for gearman and only version 0.8.0 worked.
I did not have to upgrade any package on 8.04 for this to work.
I have php5-dev installed


Need to make a portable Ubuntu with only 1 pendrive

If you have a Live Ubuntu USB you can boot it toram.

For UNetbootin press tab key at start menu and type a space and toram.
For other installers press shift and then F6 when booting, type a space and toram.

Once booted you can then install Ubuntu to the existing USB drive from the RAM session.

Backup the USB before proceeding.

Installing from VM also works but you need to install from a VM of the ISO image and not the VM of an installed system, (which has no installer).


Need rtl8814au driver for kernel 5.3 on Ubuntu 19.10

sudo apt install git dkms
git clone https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8812au.git
cd rtl8812au
sudo ./dkms-install.sh
It worked for me on my rtl8814au device, it should work for rtl8812au, rtl8814au, and rtl8821au devices.  For some strange reason the driver didn't want to work until after a second reboot.  I don't know why
Secure boot needs to be disabled in BIOS, check results for mokutil --sb-state
With recent changes you need to
sudo apt install git dkms
git clone https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8814au.git
cd rtl8814au
sudo make dkms_install
Reboot


(nvme0n1p1): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro

Mount options can generally be found documented in the mount(8) manpage, try "man mount" or this URL:
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man8/mount.8.html

  errors={continue|remount-ro|panic} Define the behavior when an error is encountered. (Either ignore errors and just mark the
  filesystem erroneous and continue, or remount the filesystem
  read-only, or panic and halt the system.) The default is set in the
  filesystem superblock, and can be changed using tune2fs(8).


Unbelievable, but the problem was that my wireless keyboard and my wireless mouse's receivers were both on adjacent usb ports. when i moved my mouse's reciever to a further away port, I found that my mouse was not being weird any more, but my keyboard was acting funny. Turns out my keyboard's battery was running low and it was interfering with my mouse


Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS and AMDGPU-PRO driver install fails with Depends: libvdpau-amdgpu-pro

Answering my own question.  I didn't get Oibaf to work, but here is what I have learned and done to solve my problem.

1) I found that 16.04 (and probably 14.04.5) have a compatibility issue with RX480 and amdgpu-pro version 16.50 and 16.60 but only on SOME programs that try to use openCL.  I experienced the problem as hangs, but it is reported to be a problem with the upgraded openCL compiler (openCL ICD?) in 16.50.  I don't know the source of that issue but I did find out that using the 16.40 version of amdgpu-pro solved it.

It is possible to install 16.50 and then downgrade the ICD component to 16.40, allowing you to get the stability and features of the newer driver but use the old ICD. Instructions for this are here - thanks to the folks over at genesis mining

2) The clocking and temperature control on the AMD cards works much better on the kernel 4.9 (which I upgraded to).  Still cannot reset a gpu hung in an openCL call (openCL kernel) without powering off the machine, but most other stuff works at least some of the time without hanging (fan changes always work, clock changes sometimes work, memory clock changes usually work, monitoring tempurature and fan always works.)

3) I upgraded the kernel to 4.9 version (procedures for this on ubuntu are easy and documented in various sites).  I did this to get the GPU reset working.  However in my case it did not fix the GPU reset, but did make clocking changes function better without as many hangs.

In summary: Running ubuntu 16.04 running the amdgpu-pro 16.50 drivers with the amdgpu-pro 16.40 openCL compiler I am up and running very stable now.

Finding a copy of the 16.40 drivers is difficult, because AMD has stopped allowing access to old drivers on their website (this appears to be an oversight and not intentional, because compatibility issues often arrive with device drivers).  And the AMD license does not allow the drivers to be shared, so they are not posted liberally around on the net.  However you can get them from AMD if you search for amdgpu-pro 16.40 release notes, and click the link in the release notes.  And they are also available from a french site called toutlesdrivers (really!).


How to Clean USB Pendrive with installed ubuntu gnome 16.4 encrypted (with passphrase) that wont mount

Have you tried dd? mkusb puts a layer of safety around dd.
You can use it to fill the disk with 0's, making it possible to format in Windows or Linux. This may not work if there is physical damage.


gnome-terminal can't set 256 color support correctly with or without tmux

Just to leave the answer here to those who are still chasing this. I guess I have learned my lesson in misunderstanding 256 color support in a way.

So I found my answer here. To sum it up, themes like Gotham offers 256 support, and I had in mind that it would go both ways in terms of appearances (terminal and gui). This is not the case of course, one would have to use gVim (you can get it with apt-get install vim-gtk) to use themes like Gotham.

Another answer by visit_muc in reddit:

  You also need to understand, that the terminal will never look 100%
  like gvim. Most vim themes consist of two color schemes. One for vim
  (256 color) and one for gvim (24bit Truecolor HTML codes).


How to add indicator-datetime to the panel?

Currently your indicator menus are loaded by either indicator-applet or indicator-applet-session, and none of those show the indicator-datetime menu.  You can replace those 2 applets, plus the old clock applet by 1 single applet indicator-applet-complete (and you have to install that one first).  The indicator-applet-complete applet will show indicator-datetime if it's installed.

So currently you have the following applets at the right side of the panel:

| notification area | indicator-applet | clock | indicator-applet-session |

And you have to change it to:

| notification area | indicator-applet-complete |


I believe you add script to /etc/rc6.d/

You might want to read /etc/init.d/README


Any idea on how to enable root login through GUI on 17.10?

This link points it out for Debian, but instead of daemon.conf just edit custom.conf. Everything else is the same.

In a nutshell, first run

sudo vim /etc/gdm3/custom.conf

Under [security] type AllowRoot=true so that it looks like

[security]
AllowRoot=true

Save and exit. Then run

sudo vim /etc/pam.d/gdm-password

Within this file you have comment out the line containing

auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet_success

so that it looks like this

#auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet_success

Save the file and exit and reboot.


I am referring to this answer from my other answers. I had a login loop issue as mentioned here. It seems you are also encountering a different issue due to nvidia drivers.

First uninstall the currently installed NVIDIA drivers.Boot the computer, when the GRUB menu appears ...

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and press the E key.Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line. Press F10 to boot the Ubuntu operating system.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl + Alt  + F1 .Enter your user name and the password, then execute :

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo reboot

Now install the latest official stable NVIDIA drivers.Boot the computer, when the GRUB menu appears ...

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and press the E key.Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line. Press F10 to boot the Ubuntu operating system.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl + Alt  + F1. Enter your user name and the password, then execute :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-361
sudo reboot

Note : Maybe it is explicitly necessary to select the NVIDIA adapter in BIOS.

In case you have installed the nvidia driver from their site then uninstall it as per that instructions.Uninstall that driver by running, as root, sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-361.28.run and follow the on screen instructions.

Note : The solution I have provide has been tested on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and Ubuntu 15.10 for two GPUs. Mine HP Laptop has Nvidia GTX 950M graphics card. While HP Desktop has Nvidia 610.


You can start a snapshot with a simple

rsnapshot <backup_interval>

e.g.:

rsnapshot daily

My rsnapshot.conf has the following entries:

[...]

#########################################
#           BACKUP INTERVALS            #
# Must be unique and in ascending order #
# i.e. hourly, daily, weekly, etc.      #
#########################################

# interval      hourly  15
interval        daily   7
# interval      weekly  4
# interval      monthly 3

[...]

or with grep:

$ grep '^interval' /etc/rsnapshot.conf
interval    daily


From man bash:

 string1 == string2
   string1 = string2
          True  if  the strings are equal.  = should be used with the test
          command for POSIX conformance.  When used with the  [[  command,
          this  performs  pattern  matching  as  described above (Compound
          Commands).

   string1 != string2
          True if the strings are not equal.

   string1 < string2
          True if string1 sorts before string2 lexicographically.

   string1 > string2
          True if string1 sorts after string2 lexicographically.

   arg1 OP arg2
          OP is one of -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge.  These  arithmetic
          binary  operators return true if arg1 is equal to, not equal to,
          less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater  than
          or  equal  to arg2, respectively.  Arg1 and arg2 may be positive
          or negative integers.

So, rather than comparing with >= and < (string comparison), use -ge and -lt (numeric comparison).


Which PATH variable is valid for launchers?

PATH variable can be defined in ~/.profile file, instead ~/.bashrc so that it will be available to launchers


text highlighting (select to copy) stopped working in the terminal

This might be a stretch but I have experienced something like this on my work laptop before. It tends to happen when I have many applications up and stacked on top of each other in the same window my terminal is. Even though the text is getting highlighted in the terminal, the click board doesn't end up with anything in it kinda like if one of the other windows was mysteriously between your mouse and the terminal window. What made it work for me is minimizing all the applications at once by doing the mouse shake. Sorry about the not so scientific answer.


Presently there is a bug filed against this on Launchpad #461058 to disable on screen notifications.

You can customize the appearance of notify-osd by installing a ppa described here.

Mark Shuttleworth has previously suggested a patch for this would be welcome.

Currently there is no way of achieving what you want.


How to switch between input-source modes through Terminal?

I am nearly sure, you will have no success doing such things this way if you use the classic console tty instead of a (gui based) terminal program.

This is in cause of the way input data flows. When you use a progam like xterm it will get its input stream from the X window system. So there is a lot of feature reach software between the key you are pressing on your keyboard and the input stream designated for the X application. Such software does the input modes of your desire - it is not a feature of i.e. xterm.

If you are using a console tty your are near to bare metal. You are working with the binaries of agetty, login and bash and they all get there input nearly straight from the kernel. There are some keyboard mappings between the pressed key and the input stream of bash but there is no feature reach programcode on that way which doing usefull things like you want.


How do I install the VirtualBox version from Oracle to install an Extension Pack?

The recommended way to install and maintain the Open Source (GPL v2) Virtual Box >= 4.0 in Ubuntu would be to

Add the Oracle repository to your sources

For 32-bit system or when multiarch is not enabled:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian $(lsb_release -cs) contrib"

The Oracle repository does not support multiarch. For 64-bit multiarch systems we add the repository with (source here)

sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian $(lsb_release -cs) contrib"

You may also read notes on how a repository or a PPA works.

Download and install the signature key

wget -q http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -

Udate your sources cache

sudo apt-get update

Install Virtual Box via the Software Center or command line

sudo apt-get install virtual-box-5.0

Replace -5.0 by the current Virtual Box release.

If you don't want to compile the kernel driver every time your kernel updates it is also recommended to install dkms by:

sudo apt-get install dkms

Download and install the Extension Pack

To gain extended functionality such as USB 2.0 or USB 3.0 support or support for Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) you can make your Virtual Box installation closed source (see the Personal Use and Evaluation License) by downloading the Oracle Virtual Box Extension Pack.

wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/<version>/<filename>

You have to visit the Oracle Virtual Box Download page to obtain the present download link with Virtual Box <version> and the current <filename> of the extension pack available for download.

  Note: Extension packs always need to be for the same Virtual Box version.

Install is done by double click or with the Virtual Box Manager GUI under File -> Preferences -> Extensions:

To install an extension pack from command line we run the following command

VBoxManage extpack install [--replace] <filename>

Replace <filename> with the path to your downloaded extension pack and use the option --replace in case you have an older version of the extension pack already installed.

  Note: On upgrading Virtual Box to a newer version we also have to manually upgrade the extension pack. This will not be done automatically from the repository.

3D support (to run Unity), better desktop integration, changing the virtual screen geometry, and more can be achieved by installing the Guest Additions.


Installed 14.04 LTS dual boot with Win 8.1, now network not detected by either

All PCs that are sold with Windows 8/8.1 usually are installed under EFI (UEFI) instead of the traditional BIOS. I believe (not completely sure) that Windows 8 onwards use GPT (GUID Partition Table) instead of MBR (Master Boot Record). With this I assume you had to setup 'biosgrub' partitions and you have to manually boot into the Ubuntu biosgrub partition or the Windows Boot Manager. I would check your PC maker and see if they have an update to your BIOS, this might allow you to install both under EFI and use GPT instead so you don't have to have all these boot managers and biosgrub partitions. As for the Wi-Fi plug it into a wired connection and go to additional drivers and see if anything is available.


Additional Drivers crashes in Software Properties

First of all, it will be easier for you to solve your particular problem if you install jockey-gtk. jockey-gtk will make it easier for you to open Additional Drivers. jockey-gtk is available in the Ubuntu Software Center in Ubuntu 13.10. Open the terminal and run:

sudo apt-get install jockey-gtk

Search for jockey-gtk in the Dash.
Click on the Additional Drivers icon to open Additional Drivers.
A little Additional Drivers window will open with an orange bar moving back and forth. It will start searching for additional drivers. Let it search for additional drivers for at least  3 minutes.
Close Additional Drivers from the Launcher or if you can't close Additional Drivers from the Launcher, kill the Additional Drivers processes (software-properties-gtk and jockey-gtk) in the System Monitor.
Open Additional Drivers again. This time the available additional drivers may show up in Additional Drivers.


Ubuntu 18.04 stuck on reboot "suspending console(s)"

Okay, I figured this out (at least partially). I added noresume as a kernel option, which allowed the system to reboot normally. I then cleaned my swap with swapoff -a and removed the noresume option and we are back to normal.


Wireshark capture only packet from and to my PC when in promiscuous mode

This "problem" is related to the netwrok architecture (hardware). Routers these days are switches and not hubs, thus you see only traffic to your box.

You need to configure your network, there are several options, the wireshark guide goes through the issues quiet well.

http://wiki.wireshark.org/CaptureSetup/Ethernet

Personally I use a switch with a monitoring port, but you and add an additional router.

Sort of the bottom line is you need to configure your network to be able to monitor other clients.


How to count number of parameter expansions, arithmetic expansions etc?

The practical way

Just use grep with -c flag for counting, or better yet grep -o '<PATTERN>' | wc -l (see note about it later in text). Depending on how you want your output to look like and depending on what you want to achieve, there's multiple ways to set it up.

Of course, there's different parameter expansion types,so we'd need to write different patterns for them. Here I just wrote patterns substitution, prefix removal, and arithmetic expansion, but you can adapt them to any other one.

At the very basic level, we can call individual commands as so:

$ cat ./myscript.sh
#!/bin/bash

var="string"
echo "${var/string/thread}"
echo $((2+2))
echo $((3*2))

echo ${var#*i}
echo ${var##*i}

echo ${var%i*}
echo ${var%%i*}
$ grep -c '${.*}' myscript.sh
1
$ grep -c '$((.*))' myscript.sh
2

And that's just the basic idea. You could put multiple grep patterns into a script with nice leading message. Something like:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
printf "\nNumber of arithmetic expansions:"
grep -c '$((.*))' "$1"
printf "\nNumber of substitutions:"
grep -c '${.*\/.*\/.*}' "$1"
printf "\nNumber of prefix removals:"
grep -c '${.*[#]\{1,2\}.*}' "$1"

And then call that script like:

./count_bash_stuff.sh myscript.sh

Alternatively, just put all patterns into file and call grep with -f. Of course, it'll output just the total count of all matches not individual ones:

$ cat ./patterns
$((.*))
${.*\/.*\/.*}
${.*[#]\{1,2\}.*}
$ grep -c -f ./patterns ./myscript.sh
5

Note: as steeldriver pointed out in the comment below this answer, grep is a line matching tool, which means if there's more than one pattern in a line, it will add 1 to count just for that line. Better approach would be to use -o flag with grep and pipe the output to wc -l. Thus, instead we could do something like this for arithmetic expansion:

grep -o '$((.*))' |  wc -l

The (not so practical)  POSIX shell way

Yes, this is possible. It's tough, but possible with case statements. Here I'm just going to write case statement for arithmetic expansion and longest prefix removal. The rest is up to reader to adapt and extend.

Again, keep in mind that this is proof of concept. Notice that this uses /bin/sh - on Ubuntu this is POSIX-compliant /bin/dash shell, not bash.

#!/usr/bin/env sh
while IFS="" read -r line || [ -n "$line" ];
do
    case "$line" in
        # arithmetic expansion, appearing anywhere in line
        *'$(('*'))'*) arithmetic_count=$(($arithmetic_count+1));;
        *'${'*##*'}'* ) prefix_count=$((prefix_count+1));;
    esac
done < "$1"

echo "$arithmetic_count"
echo "$prefix_count"

And it runs as so:

$ ./count_shell_stuff.sh myscript.sh
2
1

Why is this not so practical you might ask ? Because writing patterns in case can be somewhat challenging, and a bit harder than say in grep or Perl. Plus, you will have to write case for each shell syntax structure. With grep or perl you could combine multiple patterns into one. But then again, this is just my personal opinion. String pattern matching is still very much possible as I've showed in this little proof of concept, but I wouldn't recommend that as a way to go.


Help with installation on system with SSD and HDD

The grub bootloader will allow you to boot either Windows or Ubuntu if put on the currently booting SSD (replacing the Windows bootloader). If you don't want to touch the Windows bootloader, and you can boot from the second SSD, (you can put it before the first SSD in the boot order in your BIOS) you can put grub on the second SSD, and boot either Windows or Ubuntu from it.


The two processes don't really conflict with each other. ondemand.service focuses on setting the CPU Frequency Scaling governor.:
$ systemctl status ondemand
● ondemand.service - LSB: Set the CPU Frequency Scaling governor to "ondemand"
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/ondemand; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (exited) since Thu 2019-10-31 05:30:09 MDT; 1 weeks 3 days ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)

Oct 31 05:30:08 alien systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Set the CPU Frequency Scaling governor to "o
Oct 31 05:30:09 alien systemd[1]: Started LSB: Set the CPU Frequency Scaling governor to "on

Tuned on the other hand focuses on optimizing performance of storage devices (including swap):
The Tuned Project
Tuned is a system tuning service for Linux. It:

monitors connected devices using the udev device manager
tunes system settings according to a selected profile
supports various types of configuration like sysctl, sysfs, or kernel boot command line parameters, which are integrated in a plug-in architecture
supports hot plugging of devices and can be controlled from the command line or through D-Bus, so it can be easily integrated into existing administering solutions: for example, with Cockpit
can be run in no-daemon mode with limited functionality (for example, no support for D-Bus, udev, tuning of newly created processes, and so on) for systems with reduced resources
stores all its configuration cleanly in one place – in the Tuned profile – instead of having configuration on multiple places and in custom scripts

There should be no problem keeping ondemand service running or disabling it before installing tuned.


How can I move the cursor between displays in Ubuntu 14?

Displays have an arrangement. You can view and change it by launcher "Displays" from the dash. By moving your cursor over the edge of an display the other display is on you move it between the displays.

To be better able to do this, disable "Sticky edges" right in the display settings which you already opened.


You are attempting to install VMWare Tools for Workstation 5.0 on Workstation 8.0 (that's build 528992).

You need to mount the correct built-in Tools CD with something like VM...Install VMware Tools and then install from there.
Or you can try the Tools packages for your version available from VMware here.


This sounds like a problem I have been dealing with on my newly Ubuntu-ized laptop. I'm not trying to run a DNS or DHCP server on it, but I have been unable to resolve local network addresses, while everything out on the internet resolves fine. What worked for me was changing the Network Service Switch configuration (/etc/nsswitch.conf).

The question that led me to this solution can be found here. Look for the answer which beings "edit the /etc/nsswitch.conf file."
Why do none of my local servers resolve?

...which points to this page for more information:
https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/serverguide/network-configuration.html#name-service-switch-config

Simply moving "dns" before "[NOTFOUND=return]" in the "hosts:" string, as recommended, worked for me! Hopefully it's that simple for you too.


In a terminal, type in sudo apt-get install vlc, press enter, and key in your password when prompted.

VLC Player will play just about anything. If your MP3/MP4 files still do not work, you will need to download the restricted codecs pack. Search for these in Google and use the above command to install them once you find out what the file-name is. I.e., type in sudo apt-get install [filename].

DVD playback is the same as above, you will need the restricted repositories. Again, once you locate them, just type in the above.

EDIT:
All of the above, and indeed many other countless codecs and programs can also be installed through the Synaptic Package Manager. To access this, click Systems > Administration > Synaptic Package Manager.

This can be a bit of a headache though, as there are many, many things available, and if you do not know the specific program name or keywords for it used through the search function, it can be difficult.


Error while installing Pycharm: "Prefs file removed from backround"

To try to solve this issue you may use the wmname from https://tools.suckless.org/x/wmname to make the JVM believe you are running a different window manager:

wmname LG3D

It's needed to restart the application after running this command.


Ubuntu wrongly warns "Not enough space" which I do have

I suggest you use windows chkdsk because it is possible there is file system corruption which is confusing the Ubuntu installer. Here is a link about chkdsk:-http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/chkdsk.mspx?mfr=true As you will see from the link, there is an option to use chkdsk with the /r parameter, which will let chkdsk fix any errors found.

Another useful approach is to use the linux tool gparted but from a live CD or a live usb. Here is a link : http://gparted.sourceforge.net/liveusb.php The advantage is that you get to examine the hard disk in isolation. You boot off the cd or usb memory stick, run gparted and then you will be able to check the partitions from menu Partition-->>check. Also, of course, you would be able to shrink the windows partition(s) to leave unformatted space at the end for Ubuntu to install into. If feeling adventurous you could create the Ubuntu partitions prior to a manual install, but that would be another question.

I suppose one further possibility is that your Ubuntu install disc is faulty, rare but possible..... I hope this helps point you in the right direction


I  bought a L6190.

I installed the drivers on this page.

I also installed the packages:

printer-driver-escpr, lsb (Linux Standard Base support package)

I have ubuntu 16.04

Printing over wifi works great.

This was a helpful link:

https://tutorialforlinux.com/2018/03/15/driver-epson-l6190-ubuntu-18-04-how-to-download-install/
http://download.ebz.epson.net/man/linux/imagescanv3_e.html#sec6-4-3

After some editing of config file (described in manual of imagescan), I got scanning to work over wifi as well. Its great!


Error recompiling Unity: The X server was not able to run in time

I realized the error was occuring during unit test phase. So I compiled without unit tests and succeeded:

DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS=nocheck dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -nc


bash: build/envsetup.sh: line 1: syntax error near unexpected token `$'{\r''

This is almost certainly because you saved the script with DOS-style CRLF line endings.

Ex. given a minimal script file

$ cat bad.sh
function hmm() {
cat <<EOF
Run "m help" for help with the build system itself.
EOF
}

that has been saved with DOS line endings, as shown by the file command

$ file bad.sh
bad.sh: ASCII text, with CRLF line terminators

then

$ . ./bad.sh
bash: ./bad.sh: line 1: syntax error near unexpected token `$'{\r''
'ash: ./bad.sh: line 1: `function hmm() {

but

$ dos2unix bad.sh
dos2unix: converting file bad.sh to Unix format...
$ . ./bad.sh
$ hmm
Run "m help" for help with the build system itself.

You can find the dos2unix package in the Ubuntu universe repository - otherwise you can use sed to remove the \r characters or vi's set ff=unix for example.


Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS: problem installing curl

First, clear your local package cache with

sudo apt clean

That prevents apt from trying to install cached package versions which are not downloadable from a repository at the moment.

Then, as you already have the incompatible version of libcurl3-gnutls installed, you'll need to downgrade that version when you install curl, by specifying the exact version you want:

sudo apt install curl libcurl3-gnutls=7.47.0-1ubuntu2

If you get the same error for other packages too, you can use the same method.


How to find out if computer was shut down at a given time?

Simply give the following command in the terminal:

last -1x shutdown

Last Shutdown will be displayed:

shutdown system down  3.19.0-65-generi Fri Oct 21 04:37 - 15:02  (10:24)
wtmp begins Sat Oct  1 21:53:26 2016

Update:

As Rizwind said and answered that, to show when it was last booted and shutdown to prove running at a given time, the following command will show the both:

last -x | less


Notebook overheating in ubuntu 16.04 LTS

You need to install Nvidia drivers.

Make sure that Secure Boot is disabled in BIOS.

Run in terminal

sudo apt install nvidia-361 nvidia-prime

and reboot.

For better powersaving state you can switch to the Intel adapter by

sudo prime-select intel

log off and log on to apply.


Installing netflix, terminal is getting hung up

That is not a Window but an actual display in the Terminal window where you are installing Netflix. It can't be bypassed. You have to agree to the user agreement before you can install the Proprietary software that Netflix requires. Just hit the arrow keys, tab, or pageup/pagedown, until the "OK" is selected(I forget which keys are exactly the ones you need to press since it's been a while since I installed). Now press enter and the Installation should continue.

In the future ask the Developer directly on his Webpage for help. He often replies quite quickly, or many people in the comments probably already had your issue and have already gotten replies.

http://www.iheartubuntu.com/2012/11/ppa-for-netflix-desktop-app.html


Soundcard not detected by pulseaudio (but by alsa)

If you get things working with

sudo alsa force-reload

But need to repeat it every time you reboot, it's worth trying:

sudo apt purge timidity-daemon

then reboot.

This worked for me after an upgrade from 18.04 to 20.04.  Before making this change sound worked fine if I booted using the old linux kernel from 18.04 (which was left on my system after the upgrade). So for my system the problem was how timidity daemon worked with the 5.4 kernel.


case in bash should end in esac, select should end in done. I don't see those keywords in your script.

select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done
case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac


ubuntuone-control-panel-gtk : Depends: ubuntuone-installer but it is not installable

The ubuntuone nightly PPAs are automated builds - python code.  The packages for lucid/maverick/natty are built from the same build recipe as for Oneiric and Precise.

However - the developers have added a dependency on ubuntuone-installer - a package that only exists in the oneiric and precise repositories.

Possibly you may be able to force install (sudo apt-get -r install ubuntuone-control-panel-gtk)  but that might/probably will just leave you in an inconsistent package management state.

Another suggestion would be to download and attempt to install the oneiric deb file of the ubuntuone-installer (see the link above - sudo dpkg -i [deb file name]).  Again - potentially can leave your system in an unstable state - if you have a disk image to restore from, might be worth a try.  There maybe other dependencies for ubuntuone-installer you may also have to satisfy.

A similar question was raised on how to install ubuntuone-control-panel in Kubuntu (Lucid) exists.  I note the maintainer of that PPA has also backported to maverick.  Again - your system may be left in an unstable state - but might be worth a shot - note the warnings in that answer.

Linked Question:

How do I install Ubuntu One in Kubuntu?


You need root privileges to modify the /etc/sources.list

Try this:

sudo chmod o+w /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 94558F59
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y spotify-client


It seems like it doesn't see Windows. Is it Windows 8? If so, try booting into Win, restart the pc and than boot into Ubuntu Live.


Ubuntu 17.10 Gimp 2.8 Can't export image

I have faced to the same Problem  and I solved it by Activating the Swap partition, I think it caused by the low memory.


Try running the history command, it should show you what was processed that you might need to roll back. Other than that, check log files and

dmesg |tail

or so.

Welcome to the club, we've all been there at one point or another.


click the bird button (Left Bottom) Left click hold and drag a application (spotify icon) to the Quick Launch.


How to install an up-to-date 18.04 server 32-bit?

I have tested this before with 16.04 LTS and seen that there are minor differences between a system installed from Ubuntu Server and a system installed from the corresponding mini.iso file. I saw no differences in the capability of the services.

I could fairly easily do it again with 18.04 LTS, but I am not willing/able to describe all the details, that would be different if there were a 32-bit Ubuntu Server iso file. So I am sorry but this is not the kind of answer that you want to upvote. (Downvote, if you don't like the answer, and I will delete it.)

I agree with @mikewhatever's comment: 'I don't think it matters very much when an ISO was created, as long as it is fairly recent.'

I suggest that you install a server via the 18.04 32-bit mini.iso and check that it can do what you want it to do,

the services as well as correct amount of automatic updates (I guess you want security updates),

If you are not happy with it, install Ubuntu Server 16.04 LTS i386, which will be supported until April 2021.


How to apply disk quota in ubuntu server on a VPS?

Your VPS provider may be doing tricks at boot-time resulting in your /etc/fstab not needing the root filesystem listed. You can find the device and other details from the output of the mount command. If you add those details to your /etc/fstab, you may be able to add the usrquota,grpquota options there for the next reboot.

If that doesn't work for your VPS, you may be able to approximate those mount options by turning them on later in the boot process. For example, I use usrjquota=aquota.user,jqfmt=vfsv0 on an ext3 filesystem. If I didn't have access to my /etc/fstab, I might try editing my /etc/rc.local and adding something like:

mount -o remount,usrjquota=aquota.user,jqfmt=vfsv0 /that/filesystem


WUBI had some bugs,so please don't install it.Try to install ubuntu on your hard-disk and make it dualboot with windows.

See this to create bootable Ubuntu usb disk.See this to make Ubuntu to dualboot with windows.


How do i set up a remote desktop connections from Ubuntu 14.04 to a WIndows 7 dekstop?

I am not familiar with remmina, but you can try other programmes, if you just need a remote connection.
i.e.
teamViewer (worked for me on windows xp-ubuntu 12.04).
Or
nomachine: i tried version 3, and the version 4 is known to be buggy, but I never tried it on windows so you may be lucky.


I am able to login properly now.
Did not changed anything.
Just updated few Ubuntu packages.
Dont know what changed.


There is no good way to upgrade directly.

There are too many changes. It is very unlikely for an upgrade to be successful.

A new install is the right choice


How can I install bitdefender antivirus?

It is possible to install BitDefender antivirus via the terminal. You need to first add the repository by doing
sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://download.bitdefender.com/repos/deb/ bitdefender non-free"

Next, get and add the repository key
wget https://download.bitdefender.com/repos/deb/bd.key.asc
sudo apt-key add bd.key.asc

Then
sudo apt-get update

Finally install by doing
sudo apt-get install bitdefender-scanner-gui

Once BitDefender is installed you can launch it with the following command:
/opt/BitDefender-scanner/bin/bdgui


Very low network speed in wifi - ubuntu 16.04

First off, are you having issues with all of the wireless network listed in your script output, or only some of them? If some, then limiting the question will certainly help in troubleshooting.

Assuming your slow throughput issue is for all networks listed, from your script, I see two possible reasons for the slow throughput on your wifi link:

Power management is enabled on your wireless hardware
High Tx retries, suggesting incorrect hardware configuration

Power management shouldn't be a reason for slow throughput, but you might consider testing whether it has any impact on performance, and if so, to what degree. To disable power management for your wifi hardware:

sudo iwconfig wlo1 power off

Again, this generally shouldn't pose a significant performance issue, but it's worth testing to see if this is a factor in your particular case.

Regarding Tx retries, you'll see in your script output that Tx excessive retries is somewhat high at 423 (a good link generally has a handful of retries), though this is a cumulative value, so if your link was up for hours before running this script, then I'd worry less than if the link was up for just a minute or so.

There are many reasons for excessive Tx retries, so you may want to Google further to limit the possibilities. From there, we might be able to zero in on the specific cause of your slow throughput.

Rich


WiFi signal icon switches to Ethernet icon (up down arrows) after Suspend?

Automatic Method
Using sudo powers create the file /lib/systemd/system-sleep/iwlwifi-reset containing:
#!/bin/sh

# NAME: /lib/systemd/system-sleep/iwlwifi-reset
# DESC: Resets Intel WiFi after a long suspend.
# DATE: Apr 1, 2017. Modified April 8, 2017.

# NOTE: Per AU comment restart network.

MYNAME=$0

restart_wifi() {
    /usr/bin/logger $MYNAME 'restart_wifi BEGIN'
#    /sbin/modprobe -v -r iwldvm # This removes iwlwifi too
#    /sbin/modprobe -v iwlwifi   # This starts iwldvm too
    systemctl restart NetworkManager.service
    /usr/bin/logger $MYNAME 'restart_wifi END'
}

/usr/bin/logger $MYNAME 'case=[' ${1}' ]'
case "${1}/${2}" in
    hibernate|suspend|pre*)
      ;;
    resume|thaw|post*)
      restart_wifi;;
esac

Mark the script as executable using:
sudo chmod a+x /lib/systemd/system-sleep/iwlwifi-reset

To check execution of the script after waking up from suspend use:
cat /var/log/syslog | grep iwlwifi

Don't get too excited if it seems to work during testing because there are times when this script works with a short suspend but doesn't work after a long suspend.
If this doesn't work, before trying the Manual Method in the next section, place the command sleep 5 before the line restart_wifi;;.
Manual Method
If the automatic method isn't working using sudo powers create the script /usr/local/bin/iwlwifi-reset containing:
#!/bin/sh

# NAME: /usr/lib/bin/iwlwifi-reset
# DESC: Manually reset Intel WiFi.
# DATE: Apr 1, 2017. Modified April 8, 2017.
# NOTE: Must call using SUDO POWERS.

MYNAME=$0

/usr/bin/logger $MYNAME 'restart_wifi BEGIN'
# modprobe -r iwldvm    # This removes iwlwifi too
# modprobe iwlwifi      # This starts iwldvm too
systemctl restart NetworkManager.service
/usr/bin/logger $MYNAME 'restart_wifi END'

Mark the script as executable using:
sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/iwlwifi-reset

As described in the last section you can check /var/log/syslog for messages when this script is run but you will see any error messages in your terminal anyway.
To call this script use:
sudo iwlwifi-reset

You don't need to specify the directory because /usr/local/bin is in the terminal's command search path.

Edit April 8, 2017 As per OP comment and this How-To, revisions to script were made. Instead of removing and reinserting kernel modules, restarting network services were used.


Why is my persistence file not increasing ?

You can not increase the size of a persistence file beyond 4GB on a FAT32 file system, (I've never seen a persistent install work on a NTFS file system).

In order to use a persistent partition you may need to delete the persistent casper-rw file, the pendrivelinux tutorial assumes you created the pendrive using "extra space" and a casper-rw file was created, if not you need to add the word persistent in either text.cfg, txt.cfg or syslinux.cfg as follows:

append  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper persistent initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet splash noprompt


Queries about distro switching and dual booting

In the future, it is advised to stick to a single question and your question may get closed for asking multiple questions but I will go ahead and answer.
Personally, I would recommend using at least half your drive for Ubuntu but that depends on how much you plan on using Windows in the future and how much you plan on using Ubuntu. If you plan on primarily using Ubuntu, you may want more. If you plan on primarily using Windows, you might want to use less. If you plan on using them both equally, you might just want to use half and half.
Applications are not stored in executable .exe style packages the way they are in Windows. Applications are initially stored in compressed .deb files but they are expanded and the contents are distributed to different directories during installation. The bin files typically run the application and they are typically stored in /bin or /usr/bin or /sbin or /usr/sbin or other bin and sbin directories that may exist.
However, you don't have to worry about this stuff because installation and removal of applications are handled through a package manager. Similar to how we use the "play store" on Android operating systems, there is an application package that you will use to search for and install applications.
Alternatively, you can use the command line to install applications using the apt command. For example, to install gimp, you would run the command: sudo apt install gimp
Next, you will often hear that "everything in linux is a file." Also, what you call "folders" are typically referred to as "directories." Typically, your main drive is mounted at / instead of C:\. However, when you have an extra drive, it can be mounted anywhere in the filesystem that another drive is not mounted to.
For example, your main drive is mounted to /. You can create a new directory to mount a new drive such as /mount/ and external drives are often automatically mounted to a directory under /media/. However, you cannot mount a new drive to / because you already have a drive mounted to this directory. In other words, unlike windows which has an individual filesystem for each drive, there is one single file system and extra drives are mounted to directories under your main filesystem. So it functions more like a tree with branches and extra drive is like an extra tree that can grow from one of the branches.
As you probably know, partitions function like individual drives. However in windows, if you have two partitions they will be labeled as C: and D: etc. and the same applies to partitions of any additional drives which may be E: and F: etc.
On linux type systems, individual drives are labeled /dev/sda and /dev/sdb etc. and individual partitions are labeled /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2. These labels are not referred to when referring to your filesystem the way the labels are in Windows but we do use these labels for mounting purposes. So we may say that /dev/sda1 is mounted to / and that /dev/sda2 is mounted to /media/username/drivename/.
Swap space is typically added automatically on newer versions of Ubuntu and it is not recommended to mess with swap.
You can access NTFS from Ubuntu but you most likely cannot access ext4 from Windows. Here are some performance benchmarks provided by Phoronix.
Finally, just to let you know, your "home" directory is located at /home/username/


Copying drive with windows installation under Ubuntu 18

In Ubuntu, (and Linux in general), Windows NTFS file systems are handled by the ntfs-3g driver.

In Windows 10, Microsoft introduced new kinds of "reparse points", which that driver cannot process.

I would recommend reading this: https://jp-andre.pagesperso-orange.fr/advanced-ntfs-3g.html

and installing the "system compression" and the "deduplicated files" plugins.

It's interesting - please tell us whether it helped.


Checking my answer, I see that my experience was a little out of date,

I now see that Nvidia is smart enough to check if there is a Nvidia graphics card present before loading the driver.

Have not checked with an AMD computer yet.

Alternatively the drive is fairly large, you can dual boot the same OS, but only install Nvidia drivers on one of the installs.

You can choose which install to boot depending on the computers graphics card.

You can share a /home partition between both OS so the only difference in experience between installs is the graphics quality.


Maybe you have only main-repository enabled.
Open Dash (Windows key), type Preferences, open them, search for Software. On the first tab you can enable Ubuntu software (main repository, universe, multiverse). There are also other repositories, for example playdeb. Playdeb offers some good games, which are not included in the Ubuntu-repositories.

If you have all ubuntu repositories enabled, maybe it is just a spelling problem. Try to use the english name of the software, with and without capital letters at the beginning.


Try to use the exact command:

  nodeclipse --help
  Usage: nodeclipse [arguments]
  `nodeclipse --help install` for Nodeclipse CLI Installer Help

  Arguments:
 -c, --create <name>      create project folder and prepare it
 -u, --use <template>     use/copy specified template when creating     project
 -p, --prepare            prepare Nodeclipse [Node.js] project for import,    i.e. add needed `.project` file and other `.*`
                  files ('.gitignore', '.jshintrc', '.settings/') if   there is no `.project` yet
 -g, --eclipse_project_general   prepare General Eclipse project for import,  i.e. add only needed `.project` file
 -n, --name [<name>]      project name (default is folder name)
 -h, --help               this help screen
 -v, --version            print nodeclipse CLI's version
 -V, --verbose            be verbose

 Templates are just folders in this project sources:
 hello-world              The famous hello world HTTP server in 6 lines
 hello-coffee             The same server written in CoffeeScript
 hello-typescript         The same server written in TypeScript
 hello-html                       Template with HTML file
 template-gradle-java     Gradle Java project
 template-maven-java      Maven Java project

Or

Try to configure path in Preferences ==> Nodeclipse also Install the following packages will help you.

sudo apt-get update
npm install -g nodeclipse

Look more here


Install smartmontools 6.2 on Ubuntu 12.04?

No you can't be able to install 6.2 version of smartmontools package on Ubuntu 12.04.

See this page.There are seperate versions of smartmontools package was developed for each Ubuntu version.

Version 6.2 was only for Ubuntu 14.04 likewise for all the other Ubuntu versions.


I am unable to see anything on the screen while using any version of Ubuntu

Based on the card you've listed I'm assuming you are using a laptop with an external vga monitor, and at boot up both screens are black. I have what sounds like the same problem with my laptop, and I've found two work-arounds for it. These may or may not work for you.

Option #1:

If their is a proprietary driver that can be installed for your card that may fix it. For example I have AMD graphics so installing fglrx-updates fixes it for me. I'm not familiar with your specific card so I don't if there are drivers for it, but I found a tool made by Intel. You can see a list of supported cards by the tool here: https://downloadcenter.intel.com/Detail_Desc.aspx?DwnldID=13815 . The tool can be downloaded from: https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads .

Option #2:

Don't plug the vga cable into your laptop until after you've logged in. Then go to your settings and enable the vga monitor. What happens for me is the computer turns off the laptop monitor as it boots up, because it thinks the vga monitor is going to be used, but the vga monitor doesn't get used because Ubuntu is configured to clone display 1 to display 2 by default and display 1 is currently off.


How do I create a compiz launcher on the desktop?

Create a desktop launcher and for the command type in compiz --replace. This should restart compiz


The Windows installer does not create a partition. It instead installs Ubuntu as a program. This installer only works on Windows 7, so do not try it on XP.

To dual-boot the easy way:

Download the Desktop Installer (it should be an ISO file) and burn it to a CD.
Boot your computer into the CD (you may have to modify the boot order in your BIOS)
Choose Install Ubuntu.
When asked how you want to install Ubuntu, choose Install Ubuntu alongside Windows XP.

Follow the installation procedure and you should be fine. You do not need to create any partitions because Ubuntu does that for you. If your computer boots into Windows instead of GRUB, reboot into the CD, choose Try Ubuntu Before Installing, and open a Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T). Then, run sudo apt-get install boot-repair followed by gksudo boot-repair. Reboot again and Ubuntu should work fine.


Operating System Not found, while booting

Try entering in the terminal of the OS from where you installed burg:

sudo update-burg

If nothing happens maybe you installed burg in a different OS where grub is installed or the package you installed wasn't updated. Then you can try to just reinstall burg following the instructions from the Official BURG Page.


Installing Epson Printer but Interrupted by lsb Dependency Error

I had the same problem with my Epson WF-3520 and the driver from the Epson-Website. This solved my problem:

Try, to make sure the damaged driver will be removed:

sudo apt-get -f install

And then install the driver from the package manager

sudo apt-get install printer-driver-escpr

I installed the package "printer-driver-escpr" version 1.3.0-1 with the package manager and the driver works for me with the Epson WF-3520.

Now, try to install your epson printer.


Quoted from https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnvironmentVariables#A.2BAH4-.2F.profile

~/.profile
In this file you can also place environment variable assignments,
since it gets executed automatically by the DisplayManager during the
start-up process desktop session as well as by the login shell when
one logs in from the textual console. This is a ~/.profile equivalent
of the above example:
export FOO=bar
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/MyPrograms"
Note: The code in
~/.profile is run after ~/.pam_environment has been read. That makes
~/.profile suitable to use if you want to override a locale related
variable that was set in ~/.pam_environment via e.g. Language Support.

It gets executed automatically by the DisplayManager during the
start-up process desktop session as well as by the login shell when
one logs in from the textual console.
This means that either GUI or CLI will read and use .profile

Is there a way to log in to Ubuntu locally via the terminal only

The answer is sure. you can either use:

Virtual terminals(consoles) tty[1..6]
Booting in text mode

Virtual terminals(consoles) tty[1..6]
To use tty[1..7] just press the shortcut Ctrl+Alt+F[1..6]
PS: tty[1..6] = tty1 ,tty2, ... tty6
To boot into true text mode
Edit in /etc/default/grub
Stops the Ubuntu splash
#GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Uncomment to disable graphical terminal by removing the leading hash #
GRUB_TERMINAL=console

Then update your grub to load the new configuration:
sudo update-grub


Is it normal for 12.04 to occupy almost 4GB?

Here the official help pages.

https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/installation-guide/

Requirement when installing Ubuntu

https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/installation-guide/amd64/minimum-hardware-reqts.html

Here the recommend requirement for Ubuntu 12.04 by the community

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements

On how to install visit this help pages

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation


Ubuntu 16.04 recognize external speakers as headphones

Yes, it's normal: if you already have speakers installed in your system in hardware, the second pair of speakers are recognized as "headphones" (as you very probably) plug them into the headphone port, not in the (internal) speaker port.

So unless you get your screw driver out and remove the internal speakers and hook up the external speakers to the internal port, just ignore it.

;-)


I have problem in Reinstalling ubuntu after deleted linux partition in windows7

This is most probably because of a problem with your Master Boot Record(MBR). You can use
EasyBCD to manually rewrite your MBR from Windows. Try to do the install now.
If that doesn't work,  since you have made a bootable flash drive, you have the option of using it inside Windows to install Ubuntu alongside Windows just like a normal Windows software. The problem though, is that this mode of installation uses wubi, a relatively simple bootloader and not the better grub. But that shouldn't bother you since you are a beginner and wouldn't require any power user features at the bootloader level.


Install (Upgrade) php7 on Ubuntu 15.10 apache2

php7 is not in the "default" repositories of Ubuntu 15.10, which leaves youn with at least two options:

Use a ppa anyways

use ppa:ondrej/php if you want php5 and php7 to coexist

Compile php7 yourself


How to edit synaptics configuration? xorg.conf way doesen't work

I created the /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/71-synaptics.conf file with the following contents with sudo vi:

Section "InputClass"
        Identifier "touchpad catchall"
        Driver "synaptics"
        MatchIsTouchpad "on"
        Option "TapButton3" "2"
EndSection

and I can see in /var/log/Xorg.0.log that the option has been set.

[ 91056.468] (**) Option "TapButton3" "2"

The option was merged with options I had set similarly in my 70-synaptics.conf file.

If your device uses a different device or different driver (see the /var/log/Xorg.0.log to see), you should adjust the Identifier and Driver lines appropriately.

Another approach is to disable the gnome mouse settings plugin.

To do this start a terminal with Alt+Ctl+T, and then install the dconf-editor:

apt-get install dconf-editor hleinone
Launch dconf-editor

dconf-editor

and navigate the tree to org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.mouse.

Finally, uncheck the Active box

A drawback of this latter approach is that no settings you configure in System Settings-> Mouse and Touchpad will be effective.

This approach, from the comments, is from here by way of hleinone.


What programming language do I use, when I write code in terminal of Linux?

The above code is written in Shell Script. There are many shell/terminals avaialble in linux (BASH, ZSH, SH etc). Bash is very popular and widely used. Bash is the default shell for many linux OS like Ubuntu.
There are many sites provides good tutorials for Bash/shell scripting. One of my favourite is https://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/


The software-center should help you in this task. To start this application manually, press Alt-F2 and type "software center", or you can also execute the command software-center using the console.


If you don't need the PPA users to install that package and you only need it as a build dependency, you can add that other PPA as a dependency for your PPA.

To do this, go to the PPA page on Launchpad, click "Edit PPA dependencies" and there, add the PPA from which you need the dependency:


Ubuntu Server is, by default and by design, a text-based system. Why would you want to use up 200MB of RAM on stuff that isn't serving web pages or running applications over the network? You wouldn't. It doesn't make sense.

However, if you installed this thinking you wanted to run servers from an Ubuntu Desktop machine, you can do that with the standard Ubuntu install (I run several servers from this desktop). It's all fairly modular.

Similarly you can install the standard desktop meta-package (ubuntu-desktop) into a Server install. As this is a new install you'll also need to update the package lists. You'll need an active internet connection for this to work.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

If you  don't have a wired connection and need to configure this for a wifi first... Well honestly, you'll be quicker just downloading the standard Desktop CD and reinstalling.


Wireless does't work without TP-Link TL-WN722N after I installed

If you installed from backports-3.16-1

cd backports-3.16-1
sudo make uninstall

And reboot


Is Ubuntu 10.04 compatible with ASUS Sabertooth P67 motherboard?

I've 2 asus mo P-series and all work perfectly :)
The bet way to see if it works is to try Ubuntu with live-cd ;)


ACER 3935 upgrade to 12.04 -> integrated Mic (drivers) not working

In AAO110 is not working the micro. I solved in this way.
add the next line.
module-alsa-source device=hw:1,0,0 to /etc/pulse/default.pa before the line .ifexists module-udev-detect.so

Reboot the system and before star skype see alsamixer in the terminal, and up the level in microphone and capture and is solved, But I can't use anymore pulse, and I need control the volume with alsamixer or directly in the application

Sorry for my english.


How can I install Ubuntu Server on a pre-configured RAID configuration?

I found the IBM software (for a bootable CD) to update controller BIOS and configure RAID all-in-one bootable CD.
IBM Support Download page for software.


During installation of Ubuntu 19.04 on Acer an515-51-75kz I can move the touchpad, but I can not click on any option

Launch Terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T or by pressing Super, searching for "Terminal", and hitting Enter after it appears. Then run the following command

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad tap-to-click

If the output is false, then run the following command

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad tap-to-click true


How to create a user with a restricted shell

I solved this by copying /bin/bash to /home/userdirectory/bin/bash.

After that I listed required libraries with

ldd /bin/bash

and copied them all to their appropriate directorys under the chroot /home/userdirectory.

If you want to have further commands in the shell you have to copy them from /bin to /home/userdirectory/bin also and add their libraries.


Hi there sound like your grub might be corrupted so in order to fix it check out this tutorial it might help How to Repair, Restore or Reinstall grub


How to restore Dejadup 14.04 backup in 16.04?

Install the s3 backend for dej-dup:

sudo apt install deja-dup-backend-s3

Use dconf-editor under org -> gnome -> dejadup to copy the settings for the base installation. Also copy the keys for the S3 bucket and the encryption password. Open the deja-dup and start restore. Hint: Disable auto backup on both installations. Create a new bucket for backups for 16.04 to preserve the 14.04 backup!


How to create a personal cloud using Eucalyptus?

According to Wikipedia, Eucalyptus is an infrastructure to provide cloud services with a computer cluster. That means that Eucalyptus is a quite large and complex system that is meant to be run on a cluster of several or many computers. An Eucalyptus installation is comprised of (at least) 5 or 6 different components, like a cluster controller, a storage controller, a node controller and so forth. It is recommended that each of this component is run on its own machine.

From the impression I get of your plans, Eucalyptus might be way to large for what you want to do. You maybe want to look into ownCloud instead.


The command ifconfig lists every networking device it finds. So usually the lo-device exists on every computer and you will at least see this. However many computers have a networking card and this is configured at system start. So you see two devices in that case. The name eth0 means ethernet card number 0.

The description above now activates your wireless card. So you see a device called wlan0. On some computers (or with some wireless cards) this name can also be like eth1 or so. The command ifconfig shows you that there are now two (eth0, lo) or three (eth0, wlan0, lo) configured interfaces. Your computer transferred some bytes (see RX bytes and TX bytes) with your wireless card.

However the command ifconfig lists every networking device it is aware of. So in your case it seems quite natural that it shows also the networking card which is probably built into your computer.


What dangers can come from using packages like janitor,compiz?

This will always depend on the level of skills and understanding a user has about Linux in general and Ubuntu.

Like everything in computers doing stuff around were you have no idea what is going to happen is never a good choice. It can happen with Linux, Windows, Mac OS and all the rest.

The thing is most people will see all packages that run in Ubuntu as something that is part of Ubuntu and should be Ubuntu's responsibility to support them and fix everything related to then in case something happens.

At the same time if a Windows user crashes a system because he remembered to install some random software that clean up his registry, he will probably blame the software he installed. This is just an example.

Ubuntu tests in Alpha and Beta stages of a release for problems with packages, it is not in anyways responsible to what happens to your system by using them. The same goes for guides and random commands you see in the Internet. If you do not know what you are doing or what a package will do to your system the best choice will be not to use them.

A clear case of that is CCSM, normally people will recommend it every time someone asks Is there a way of customizing X in Compiz.
CCSM is great! But a very elaborate and complex tool because Compiz is elaborate and complex. People need to realize that using it can break your system if you do not know what you are doing. People still want to use it to customize X and Y, but that is their choice. You cannot blame Ubuntu for what you do to your system using it.

Unless you know what you are doing or you know how to revert back I would stay away from anything that involves:

Random PPAs with improved versions or bleeding edge versions for your system;
Random packages that promise automation of of cleaning and managing packages;
Customization software that is proven to be unstable or has a red tag on it saying This might break stuff up!;
Random commands that promise to turn your computer in to a super dupper Unicorn powered system, which you don't understand or you have no idea how to revert them in case something goes kapot.

Make sure you learn your system and make sure that what you are using is really required, most of the times it will prove not to be the case. In the end it up to the user, low are the cases were a actual package breaks stuff around just because it is installed.


Unable to detect windows hard drive while running Ubuntu 12.04 from USB

It could be that the hard disk controller on the motherboard is broken.
If so that would explain why it did not work even if you installed a new HDD...


Dual boot surface pro 3, can't get into Windows 10 now

I have a number of suggestions, none of them guaranteed to work:

Use the computer's built-in boot manager to select which OS to boot. You can normally get to this tool by hitting Esc, Enter, or a function key (usually F8 or above) soon after powering on the computer; however, there's no standardization on this, so you may have to experiment to find it. If this is successful, you should be able to boot Windows, but you'll need to use this trick every time you do so.
Type sudo efibootmgr in Linux to see your boot options. You can then adjust the boot order with the -o option, as in sudo efibootmgr -o 2,5,0 to give priority to Boot0002, then Boot0005 if that fails, and so on. This won't solve the problem per se, but it may be useful in conjunction with the preceding suggestion if you want to make Windows the default boot option -- you'd set Windows as the default, followed by Ubuntu, rather than the other way around.
Install my rEFInd boot manager from Ubuntu. rEFInd often does a better job of launching Windows than does GRUB, so it may work around the problem with less awkwardness than the computer's built-in boot manager. Note that if Secure Boot is enabled, when you reboot you'll need to locate and enroll a Secure Boot key (either EFI\refind\keys\refind.cer or EFI\refind\keys\refind_local.cer) using a rather limited user interface.
Use the Boot Repair tool. This will re-install GRUB and adjust its configuration. It might fix things, but I doubt if the odds of it helping are that great. There's also a small risk that it will make matters worse.

Try these suggestions in whatever order you like, or ignore them altogether of course.


It is an officially available version for 14.04. From the package index:

  Package linux-image-3.16.0-60-generic

  trusty (14.04LTS) (kernel): Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
  3.16.0-60.80~14.04.1 [security]: amd64 i386
  trusty-updates (kernel): Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
  3.16.0-60.80~14.04.1: amd64 i386

From the changelog, it's from late January:

linux-lts-utopic (3.16.0-60.80~14.04.1) trusty; urgency=low

  [ Luis Henriques ]

  * Release Tracking Bug
    - LP: #1536149
  * Merged back Ubuntu-lts-3.16.0-58.78~14.04.1

 -- Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>  Wed, 20 Jan 2016 11:30:01 +0000


Easier way to rename batch files Like Windows

Just searched around and it looks like there's a program to do that called 'GPRename'

  GPRename is a complete batch renamer for files and directorys. GPRename easily can replace, remove, insert, delete and number consecutively files and directorys.

It seems to be able to do what you want.

There doesn't seem to be a way to do this in default Ubuntu, though.

(source)


This screenshot shows the boot device selection menu from bios. Once you select the first option, grub is loaded. Press ESC quick and you should be able to access grub.


Cannot write to external WD hard drive - Ubuntu Server 16.04

So makes me wonder if that was the issue all along, and this could
  have worked with Fat32 all along? Can anyone clarify?

The reason you could not write to the original fat32 based share was not about samba it was about how you mounted the partition.

By default this will mount with root as owner and writeable - everyone else will have read only access. chown and chmod will do nothing on a fat32 or ntfs partition and using create and directory masks in the share definition will not work either on those filesystems.

You needed to specify the permissions required in the fstab statement itself. The permissions on the partition must always be greater than or equal to the permissions required by samba so the fstab line for the partition could have looked like this - where everyone has r/w access then use the samba share definition as the gatekeeper ( valid users ):

/dev/sdb2 /media/WD-External vfat defaults,umask=000 0 2

OR, you could have replaced root as owner with yourself:

/dev/sdb2 /media/WD-External vfat defaults,uid=1000 0 2

OR, you could have done a hybrid making it accessible, readable and writeable only to you:

/dev/sdb2 /media/WD-External vfat defaults,uid=1000,umask=077 0 2

Side Note: In the future it would be better if you use the UUID number ( as in UUID=xxxx-yyyy ) of the partition rather than something like /dev/sdb2. You can find the uuid number by running this command: sudo blkid

Your Followup Questions

-- No, you don't have to add back the "defaults" option. I was just editing your original to show what could be added.

-- Yes, 0027 as a umask would work as well

-- there are 3 ways to specify a device:

/dev/sdxy = this is the way it used to be done but things have grown more complicated over the years and you run the rick that what may be /dev/sda1 on one boot could very well be /dev/sdb1 on another because the system will recognize the second hard drive first when it boots.

UUID number = unique to that partition so it's more reliable. And the pattern changes based on the filesystem. So a fat32 has a xxxx-xxxx pattern, an ntfs has a 16 character pattern, and an ext4 has a 36 character pattern.

LABEL = The Label on that partition - if it has a label.


hE: g15daemon: subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1

Removed keyboard install g15daemon. Fixed.


I think in ubuntu it is called as ubuntu software center, if you want gnome- software , then install gnome software using the command line.
sudo apt-get install gnome-software


Is it dangerous to always boot with pci=noacpi? What are the effects?

ACPI is used to "optimize" your hardware power consumption and to monitor some status. It is best suitable for laptop than for desktop computers, where power management helps save some batteries.

Unfortunately, ACPI and Linux are not the best friends in town and it's not a surprise you have trouble with it. Also, it seems your computer is a desktop, so you better keep acpi off.


Understanding Why I have lost so much space mounting a new HDD

Disc manufacturers list the size in decimal values, so your 4TB HD is actually 4,000,000,000,000 Bytes. But df -h lists in binary base numbers (i.e. 4KB is 4096 Bytes, 4MB is 4,194,304 Bytes, 4GB is 4,294,967,296 Bytes, and 4TB is 4,398,046,511,104 Bytes. You only bought a disc with 4,000,000,000,000 Bytes, so that works out to 3.63798807 TB (in the binary number base). This is pretty much exactly the value that you're seeing listed by df -h.

You didn't lose any capacity, it's just a numbers game played by the manufacturers.

To check this, try df -H. With a capital H, it lists it in decimal values, so instead of "3.6T" it will say "4T" or very close to that number. The manufacturers even go further and the "4TB" they list is also approximate. The actual may be slightly more or less than that.


Is having init 6 function without sudo normal or an oversight?

It is a design feature that since 16.04 you do no longer need root privileges to shut down or reboot the system through any method. Instead the systemd and its systemctl tool accept those commands from regular users.

All related commands like shutdown, reboot, halt, poweroff are symbolic links ("symlinks") to /bin/systemctl and init is a symlink to /lib/systemd/systemd now by the way. You can verify this using the command file $(which COMMAND), replacing "COMMAND" with the one you want to check.


What is the necessity of defining "/" and "/home" separately?

When I installed Ubuntu on my new custom-built machine, I installed both my '/' and my '/home' on a single 50GB drive, planning to upgrade later. Two months later I got a 3TB drive brand new and had no idea what to do with it, so I decided to put it into my machine. Instead of now having both on 50GB I left the 50GB for / (AKA boot) and then mounted my /home directory on the 3TB. The benefit of this is that I can hold 3TB worth of info on my System without it slowing my boot speed down.


Sounds like your have a machine with UEFI bootloader. That is a intel/microsoft protection plan from hackers.

Sounds like you booted into legacy from the bootloader and are trying to install from the live cd. Since the live CD would not work with UEFI in secure mode.

Before doing anything, watch the following series on youtube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eAnlhkbMang

The link is to the first one. They are three. They are high quality and put out by INTEL. It takes out a lot of the scare of the UEFI.

They aren't that long, but explains a heck of a lot. They are a step by step of installing Windows8 and Ubuntu on a newly homebuilt machine, but you can pick up with the instructions after they install windows 8. Its the same as pre-installed.

It will take you through the process of unlocking the bootloader, adding a shim, and installing ubuntu on the same machine and partitioning the hard drive. Its the whole solution that I found.

If you install right now from where your at, you will have one operating system in Legacy mode and one in Secure UEFI mode. Not the easiest setup.

As for the machine not booting in Ubuntu after install, which is mentioned down below in the comments. The following page describes what I am explaining to you.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI.


Dual booted Ubuntu 15.10/Win10 - Is it possible to add folder shortcuts from Win partition?

You can achieve something like that, I suppose. Do you see the bar on the left side of your File Manager? You can easily add folders to it.

Go to Menu>Bookmarks>Bookmarks...

Then, proceed to add a new bookmark(the process is intuitive: click (+), select location, and add)

Since your partitions automatically mount, it won't be any problem at all. But remember, if the partitions aren't mounted for any reason, the bookmarks won't work(it will show an error).

About adding them to Launcher/Dash:

When you right click on Files, you will see the bookmark you added. Click on it to open.

Does this fit your needs?


Game in Wine causes second monitor to become over exposed

You can enable the option "Emulate a virtual desktop" from the graphics section in "Configure Wine".


NO partition on my hard-drive - can't mount

Please try to check Your filesystem using:

sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdb1

I'm assuming You want to check /dev/sdb1, if no, type there another mount point.


PHP Fatal error: Cannot redeclare [ By using php -l in terminal]

Since there is no code posted at the time of this reply, let's make some assumptions here and note that php -l looks at the whole file while executing a php script in cases might report a run-time error only if respective statement causing the error is executed.

For example, if what you are redeclaring is within an if-statement then executing the php script may not result in an error if the code flow does not go through the code within the if statement (e.g. if there is an include)

The suggestion would be to find and look at the line numbers causing the error and fix it because the problem exists even if you do not see it when executing the script in the environment and instance that you did.

Furthermore because this error may be common when 'include' is used you can use 'include_once' instead of 'include' and the problem may be fixed.


Need to unlock the machine several time in the course of a session

menu -> System -> Preferences -> Screensaver

Uncheck "Lock screen when screensaver is active", and voila!

(note that you can also set the time until screensaver activates etc.)


How can I install Ubuntu on an ACER Aspire XC 780?

I have just managed to dual boot on this machine. Suggest:

Make a 16.10 startup disc on a usb stick Turn off fast boot and
hibernate in Windows (both of these generate a hibernate file which
can not be used by Linux)
Turn off Secure boot in the UEFI "BIOS"
Install  Ubuntu 16.10.  Boot machine - it will boot into Windows
Search for cmd and open cmd for administrator Type in

bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi
reboot and you will get the usual grub screen.

This command points to the right boot manager in the EFI partition.

I found this here:https://itsfoss.com/no-grub-windows-linux


what is playback speed in ubuntu's default movie player

Your computer running Ubuntu might not be able to playback at 1000fps, so it tries to playback as fast as possible which will be variable depending on the varying complexity of the video.


Log user activity for the last 24 hours by terminal

~/.bash_history will show the commands that was used by a user.
Install acct : sudo apt-get install acct in addition to login/logout. It provides  logs of every single command run by every single user. Below mentioned commands are the features of acct

ac      print statistics about connect time
accton      turns accounting on or off
last        list last logins of users and terms
lastcomm        list last commands executed
sa      print accounting statistics
dump-acct      print accounting file in human-readable form


It is indeed a bug

Spotify hasn't, and most likely won't, implement the feature to add Spotify to the tray, so that it would be minimized while still running. The official thread makes reference to the 1.0.23 version of spotify-client, but the bug still prevails.

Original text

  Known linux specific issues in 1.0.23

  Improper MPRIS support (there is support since 1.0.13, but limited functionality). Spotify DBus MPRIS2 support not fully working
  Sometimes crashes when streaming and playing local files (these very likely have more than one root cause)
  Linux Client crashing (segfault) on certain songs -- Segfaults when playing local files
  Improper package dependencies for installation outside Ubuntu LTS The return of the libssl trouble on Linux
  Missing application menu
  Missing tray icon
  Minimize (to tray)

  Most of these we want to fix, but others (like missing tray icon) we probably won't.


Ubuntu 16.04 - doesn't start after installation

try hitting right "shift" when booting to access grub.
press "e" to edit grub.
look for the line that has "quiet splash" in it.
write nomodeset after that line with a space before and after.
press f10 to reboot.
then it should be a matter of finding drivers for your graphics card.

worked for me.


Strictly speaking you are after the 'mirror' function of MPlayer and perhaps the easiest way to accomplish this is by using the excellent MPlayer gui: SMPlayer.

Simply follow this trail after opening SMPlayer:

Video --> Mirror_image

to flip the video 180% horizontally, or more correctly: 'mirror'! Screenshot below on my own system:


Grub does not detect Windows 10, Dual boot on Separate Hard drives

try installing Ubuntu boot repair, I have used it before for fixing boot errors and I had a similar problem and it resolved it for me. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair You can install on your running system or download an iso and create a boot disk from that for boot repair. both ways work equally as well.


Power settings are available at

  System settings > Power option

where you can set suspend time, if you're on a laptop you can set lid events too. For turning off screen, look at system

  settings > Brightness & lock

Or, if present, from the battery icon in the panel.


"System program problem detected" with apport-gpu-error-intel.py

I've recently had the same problem on Ubuntu 12.04LTS. It appears this confirmed regression bug:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1140716 affecting Sandy Bridge Intel Processors (e.g. my i5-2410M with onboard-graphics).

I used the synaptic packager manager to remove the package
 xserver-xorg-core-lts-quantal and install the package xserver-xorg-core 2:1.11.4-0ubuntu10.12.

Also removed xserver-xorg-video-intel-lts-quantal and installed xserver-xorg-video-intel 2:2.17.0-1ubuntu4.3.

So far, this workaround seems to have solved the problem.


This looks like one of either tilda, guake, or KDE's guake fork yakuake. Tilda's default keybinding is the tilde key (~) or sometimes F12. Both guake and yakuake bind to F12 by default. Try pressing one of those keys and see if the terminal disappears.

You can use apt-cache to quickly see if one or more of these emulators are installed:

apt-cache policy tilda guake yakuake | grep Installed -B 1

From there you can either uninstall the offending application or change its keybinding.

My bet is on tilda, as it actually ships default in Ubuntu MATE 15.04.


How do I remove my Facebook account from Gwibber?

As an option, you can delete the package gwibber-service-facebook.
To do this just run terminal and execute the command:

sudo apt-get remove gwibber-service-facebook


First create a bootable pendrive with ISO using  any tool(unetbootin) then boot with penderive from boot priority option in BIOS then you will get the all installation option .


version `GLIBCXX_3.4.20' not found in ubuntu 16.04

Looks like the libstdc++ provided with the application is too old for some other, non-provided libraries. You can replace it with a symbolic link to the system’s libstdc++ (while backing up the original file):

sudo ln --backup=simple --suffix=.orig -sft /usr/local/diamond/3.10_x64/bin/lin64 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6


The easiest way is to format and reinstall, but you might be able to use Hirens Boot disk to repair the MBR.


apt-get - cannot install or remove any pacakges - error processing linux-image-3.13.0-66-generic: post-removal script returned status 1

You have a syntax error in

/etc/default/grub

  /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 35: /etc/default/grub: Syntax error: EOF in backquote substitution

Line 35 is misleading because the problem is in some lines before.

The real problem is that you have an opening ` without a closing `.

Without /etc/default/grub it is hard to say which line is affected.

You can either find the line or you could add your /etc/default/grub to your question. Then I can give you a perfect answer. ;)


Dual booted win7 with 13.10 and seemingly I have lost the whole hard drive

Try using the windows 7 install/repair disc. Click "repair your computer" and then open the command prompt. Try these 2 commands:

  bootrec /fixmbr

and

  bootrec /fixboot

more info: http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/32523/how-to-manually-repair-windows-7-boot-loader-problems/


The problem is Etc/UTC, that defines GMT-1 as one hour ahead of Greenwich (so in the east) and GMT+1 as one hour behind (so in the west), doing it in the opposite way as UTC does.

I refer you to this discussion on Stack Overflow for more detailed explanations.

So, I suggest that you change your timezone to UTC+1 or, better, to something like CET, so that you will not have problems with daylight saving time.

This is my timedatectl

timedatectl
      Local time: gio 2015-11-26 15:14:20 CET
  Universal time: gio 2015-11-26 14:14:20 UTC
        RTC time: gio 2015-11-26 15:14:37
       Time zone: Europe/Berlin (CET, +0100)
 Network time on: yes
NTP synchronized: no
 RTC in local TZ: yes


How to remove http headers from curl response?

As you can read on the curl manpage

-i, --include
(HTTP) Include the HTTP-header in the output. The HTTP-header includes things like server-name, date of the document, HTTP-version and more...

Your command should be:
curl -u $authentication -H $content_type --digest -X POST $url --data $parameters


Error while opening a different partition in ubuntu

Install ntfs-3g

sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g

And repair

ntfsfix /dev/sda3


Battery drains down even after shut down

Remove the battery for several hours and check if it will drain out. If the battery still charged, it should be healthy.

One possible trouble maker could be any USB port or other device that still powered while the system is shut down.

Extra powered USBs are feature for some laptops. Usually these ports are yellow colored. Port as this could be troublemaker especially if something is plugged in this port. In most cases this feature could be disabled via the BIOS settings.

Recently I've discovered that the new batteries should be charged to 100%. Unfortunately I can't find the source of this statement but this solve my problem with my new battery jump drain from ~35% to 5%.

Within Ubuntu the package tlp (apply laptop power management settings) could be helpful. It is capable to handle the power management of the devices (USB, PCI, etc.) at kernel level.

  TLP [1] brings you the benefits of advanced power management for Linux
  without the need to understand every technical detail. TLP comes with
  a default configuration already optimized for battery life, so you may
  just install and forget it. Nevertheless TLP is highly customizable to
  fulfil your specific requirements.

  Please note: TLP runs on every laptop brand. Setting the battery
  charge thresholds is available for IBM/Lenovo ThinkPads only.

  TLP is a pure command line tool with automated background tasks. It
  does not contain a GUI.

  TLP [2] (TLP - Linux Advanced Power Management) is more progressive
  management utility battery-for Linux, which applies different settings
  automatically when you log on and every time you change the power
  source, depending on your distro and hardware.

Basic usage of tlp:

Install the package: sudo apt update && sudo apt install tlp.

If you are using tp-smapi the better way to install the package is:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install tlp tlp-rdw
sudo apt-get install tp-smapi-dkms acpi-call-dkms

There are two services installed tlp.service and tlp-sleep.service.
Use sudo tlp stat to check the current settings.
Use nano /etc/default/tlp to tweak the configuration.
Use sudo tlp start to apply the configuration.

Another useful tool is powertop, that is not just a monitoring tool, but has also a calibrating option: powertop -c.

tlp powertop


Help with file transfer from windows to ubuntu

Share the files from your windows computer by right clicking on the folder that contains them, and picking "Sharing". Give it some basic level of access.

Press Windows Key+R and type cmd, then click ok.
type ipconfig and get the IP address of your wireless adapter.
From your Ubuntu machine, open a new file window and click (from the menu bar) GO --> Enter Location
type smb://[ip address here]
If you're prompted for credentials, enter either your windows credentials or the ones you set up when you shared the folder.


Does anyone offer a for-pay packaging service to generate appropriate packages and put them in a ppa?

Debian maintains a list of consultants who provide paid Debian support. Presumably, some of them will have the relevant experience.

Freexian, run by Raphaël Hertzog (a respected Debian Developer), provides a variety of Debian related services including packaging.

There is also a debian-jobs mailing list where people sometime solicit this type of work.


How to Find All Defaultly Installed Packages on Ubuntu 16.04.3

Read the .manifest

http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04/

You will see a "ubuntu-16.04.3-desktop-amd64.manifest"

Click the link - http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04/ubuntu-16.04.3-desktop-amd64.manifest

From any web browser you can search packages and use it any way you wish ;)

You can download it as a text file if you prefer.

Rinse and repeat for other versions

http://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/ubuntu-cdimage/xubuntu/releases/16.04/release/

get xubuntu-16.04.3-desktop-amd64.manifest

http://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/ubuntu-cdimage/xubuntu/releases/16.04/release/xubuntu-16.04.3-desktop-amd64.manifest

or

http://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/ubuntu-cdimage/xubuntu/releases/16.04/release/xubuntu-16.04.3-desktop-i386.manifest


I had the same exact issue. To fix it I ran:

sudo system-config-samba

The very last line of the output read:

SystemError: could not open configuration file '/etc/libuser.conf': No such file or directory

I simply created the file by using:

sudo touch /etc/libuser.conf

and it worked fine.

I couldn't seem to get it to appear in the application screen, but can be run by

sudo system-config-samba

from the terminal.


Run another command when my script receives SIGKILL signal

You can't catch SIGKILL (and SIGSTOP), so enabling your custom handler for SIGKILL is moot.

You can catch all other signals, so perhaps try to make a design around those.

Also while doing:

pkill myscript

be default pkill will send SIGTERM, not SIGKILL, which obviously can be caught.

For example, inside your script, at top, add:

trap 'echo foobar' TERM

The trap shell builtin is used to trap a signal, and dispatch any custom handler, or ignore the signal altogether.

Here the command echo foobar will be run, when the shell receives TERM.

You can do the same for other signals too, also modify the command to meet your need. For example, running both echo foobar and executing a custom handler script:

trap 'echo foobar; /my/custom/handler.sh' TERM

If you have plan to exit after that:

trap 'echo foobar; /my/custom/handler.sh; exit' TERM


What does "--" mean in terminal commands?

The -- is used to indicate the end of command line options. This enables you to use arguments starting with --. For example, if you create a file called --foo:

$ > '--foo'
$ ls
--foo

And then try to delete it, rm will think you're giving it an argument:

$ rm --foo
rm: unrecognized option '--foo'
Try 'rm ./--foo' to remove the file '--foo'.
Try 'rm --help' for more information.

One way around this is to use --:

$ rm -- --foo

This is common practice and recommended by POSIX, so it's supported by many programs.


How can I programmically set the gnome-terminal title?

Got this to work

PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;g0\007"'

If this did not change your terminal title you will first have to open  ~/.bashrc. Find the line that says:

PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"

Comment out this line, by putting a # character in front of it:

# PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"

Now add this line (you may want to put it just after the commented-out line):

PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;Terminal title name change here\007"'

Replace Terminal title name change here with whatever you want to change the Terminal title to be, if anything.


Try reinstalling gnome-control-center by opening a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and type

sudo apt remove --purge gnome-control-center
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt install gnome-control-center


Why is this 'eject' icon showing next to my drive?

That button gives you an easy way to unmount the partition. It is 'normal'.

In this case unmounting is not the same as ejecting a USB device or a DVD disk. After unmounting the device is still powered and can be mounted again. After ejecting a USB pendrive, it is powered off, and must be unplugged and plugged in to be mounted again.

You may want to unmount a device to protect it from reading and/or writing, even when it is still connected (and in this case there are two such partitions on the same 1 TB hard disk drive as the running operating system).


Gwibber will not allow me to log into facebook

As mentioned, this is a bug: https://bugs.edge.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gwibber/+bug/614742

According to a Gwibber developer, the problem actually lays with the Facebook API:

  Since Gwibber was included by default
  in Ubuntu, usage has gone way up and
  we quickly exceeded our API request
  allocation with Facebook.  Facebook
  allocations are per application, not
  per user, which means Facebook blocks
  API requests for everyone, not just
  the users which are refreshing too
  often, etc.

http://blogs.gnome.org/kenvandine/2010/10/19/gwibber-and-facebook-call-for-help/


tlp command to execute full battery charge and then reset to configured settings without reboot?

Of course. It's

tlp setcharge

For convenience you may also configure

RESTORE_THRESHOLDS_ON_BAT=1

Then the thresholds will be re-applied automatically when you disconnect the charger.

https://linrunner.de/tlp/settings/battery.html#restore-thresholds-on-bat


Turn off the LCD display automatically without letting the laptop sleep

In Preferences>Power, you can set the computer to do nothing when the lid is closed.

You can also set a certain grace period that allows you to automatically turn off the display. The display will turn back on upon an input event.


Exotic graphical user interfaces for Ubuntu

xmonad is quite a popular window tiling manager and is compatible with Ubuntu 11.10. It's especially useful for managing multiple workspaces and multiple monitors.


Ubuntu 20.04 - how to force screen resolution on a headless machine usin RealVNC

It depends on what the VNC server do you use. Some of them have an optional parameter -geometry or any to force the desktop resolution (see man page of your VNC server).
In a case, your VNC server is vnc4server you can start the desktop 1 (port 5901) with the following command:
vnc4server :1 -geometry 1366x768

Replace 1366x768 with your desired resolution.
Run this command via SSH or via startup script (as normal user, not root).


The bq will only be sold on the EU. The meizu will be sold in China an the EU. TheY have plans for USA but have not reveal anything about when it will be avalaible.
Read this link.