How to fix python3 - after messing it up?

Got it fixed. Did the following: apt install --reinstall python3 python python3-minimal --broken, my history quoted below:

  282  sudo apt-get --reinstall python3
  283  sudo apt-get install --reinstall python3
  284  sudo apt-get install --reinstall python3
  285  man apt-get
  286  apt list --installed
  287  apt list --installed |grep python
  288  apt list --installed |grep python > installed.python.txt
  289  ls list*
  290  ls inst*
  291  less installed.python.txt
  292  pwd
  293  ls -l `which python`
  294  which python3
  295  which python
  296  ls -la /usr/bin/python
  297  history
  298  sudo apt-get install --reinstall python3
  299  sudo apt-get install --reinstall python
  300  sudo apt-get install --reinstall python3
  301  sudo apt-get install --reinstall python3-minimal
  302  sudo apt-get install --fix-broken
  303  sudo apt-get install --reinstall python
  304  sudo apt-get install --reinstall python3
  305  sudo apt-get install --reinstall python3-minimal
  306  sudo apt-get install --fix-broken
  307  sudo apt autoremove
  308  sudo apt-get update
  309  sudo apt-get upgrade
  310  sudo reboot

Now everything is working as expected.


Windows computers cannot see my Ubuntu machine?

If I remember correctly, Windows does not(I don't want to use the incorrect technical terminology) recognize the format of the Linux OS, but Linux did program their OS to recognize Windows(ntfs). However you could write a text document with a Linux text application, and Windows would be able to open it with Notepad. For the most part you can
open, not everything, but Linux is way more flexible toward Windows. I hope that helps.


OpenVPN network-manager on proxies tab: PORT does not change from 120 [Ubuntu 18.04]

Set proxy port at "Misc" tab as "Connect timeout".It's not a Bug, it's a feature )))


Which file formats are used to make viruses in Ubuntu?

Contrary to popular belief there are Viruses for Linux and quite a lot too. While they are much less common on Linux and require you to allow them into the system most of the time, they still exist.

Viruses are not limited to a file type, on Ubuntu or Windows. There is not a certain type of file to avoid or anything like that, just be careful. Linux is secure, as long as you are careful.

Some things you can do to be safe are:

Don't download from 3rd parties unless you trust what you're downloading.
Use apt or Launchpad (Ubuntu's code hosting service) and similar services to get software from the source.
Avoid copying and pasting terminal commands you find online, especially if you don't understand them.

You can also use an anti virus like clamav if you want to scan your system for any threats.

sudo apt-get install clamav

Install clamtk for a gui.

Here is some reading on common linux viruses and how to deal with them.


Get wi-fi hotspot (access point mode) working in Trusty Tahr with Network Manager

Ya looks like the new GUI is still missing AP mode. Fortunately you can use KDE's connection manager as described here


How do I set the global nano background to black

Here is a solution I came up with while looking around. We can use escape sequences to change terminal colors dynamically.

To do that we can create a function named nnano for example and store it somewhere like ~/.bashrc so it get sourced automatically when we open a new instance of bash.

Then to use it:

nnano filename

It first changes the background color of terminal to black then when we close the nano it changes it to white.

Here is the function which can be improved a lot more:

nnano () {

    # Change the terminal foreground to #FFFFFF
    echo -ne "\033]10;#FFFFFF\007"

    # Change the terminal background to #000000
    echo -ne "\033]11;#000000\007"

    nano "$1"

    # Reset the colors
    echo -ne "\033]10;#000\007"
    echo -ne "\033]11;#FFF\007"

}

If you don't flip the foreground color:

Idea comes from here.


Update Manager shows Firefox when already installed

It is good practice to accept all updates of all software of your preference specially if you already did your homework and checked in any-giving forum that the most current updates are safe to run. In this case if you are running Firefox like you said you are and you use it and in the Spanish version because it is your native language than you should be find. Another thing to keep in mind that Depending on the version of ubuntu that you are running 12.04, 13.10 you must know that that by to-date there has been many security updates and version released since the time of the release of the Ubuntu version that you installed. I personally love to stay up to date with all my software is just good practice as I mentioned before especially if it involves security updates.

Cheers


Ubuntu 12.04 with Mate and video card issues

As you may know MATE is a fork of Gnome 2, also as you may know Gnome 2 is not supported anymore, now. If you open the Terminal and type: lsmod and you see nvidia then the drivers are running, the problem now would be that the MATE composting manager is not running.

Metacity which is/was Gnome compositing Manager had/has basic 3D support, I'm guessing the same is for the the forked MATE compositing manager, so you could try to:

Run the composite manager in a Terminal
Run another composite manager such as xcompmgr (a basic composite
manager that handles 3D) or Compiz.


Can I run two different awk commands in 1

If you want the second field of the last line using that field separator:

awk -F"[()]" 'END {print $2}' /home/jj1/.pia_manager/log/pia_nw.log


Change directory of Ubuntu www web server?

Sure you can.

Actually ubuntu does not have a defult web folder.

/var/www/html is your web servers default path.
If  you are using LAMP stack your webserver is apache so you need to go to apache's defaut settings and change your webserver path there.

Check this for detailed instructions on how to do so:

How To Move an Apache Web Root to a New Location on Ubuntu 16.04


How can I switch between my Nvidia and Intel HD graphics to save battery life?

Your fans should not be running at full speed unless the processors get hot. For example type the following in the terminal (do not enter the $ this represents the terminal prompt):

$ cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone*/temp
80000
80000
78000

There are three thermal zones on my laptop (Intel Core i-7 3630QM) and although at 80C the fan can hardly be heard.

Check if Intel Turbo mode is turned on:

$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo
0

Zero means turbo is turned on. To save a bit of power you can turn off Intel Turbo Boost with:

$ echo "1" | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo

Your CPU can have various power saving plans (CPU governors) at your disposal. For example mine has:

$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors
performance powersave
performance powersave
performance powersave
performance powersave
performance powersave
performance powersave
performance powersave
performance powersave

A quad core i-7 actually has 8 CPU's as you can see and each CPU can have it's own power plan.

To see the power plan of CPU0 we would use:

$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
powersave

In your case though, I would consider upgrading Intel Microcode through System Settings,Software & Updates, Additional Drivers. Also upgrading Kernel to 4.7.3 (which I've tested for weeks) or 4.7.5 (which I just started using tonight). First though I would google your processor and "fan runs at full speed" for possible bug fixes.


How to fix the look of KDE apps in LXDE?

Install QT4 COnfiguration.

sudo apt-get install qt4-qtconfig

Then Select GTk+ in GUI Style


You need to select "Install Ubuntu" with the arrow keys. It will boot into Ubuntu, and eventually it will bring up the Install prompt and you can select your settings. (Don't mess with your partitions, Ubuntu may look nice but it is made of super complicated codes for newbies.)
Or select "Try Ubuntu" and take a look around it, when you're ready or you want to do, open the "Install Ubuntu x.xx or xx.xx" and the same install prompt appears for you to install Ubuntu.


How to create automount 'vboxsf' for sharing folders in Ubuntu 20.04.1?

The virtualbox-guest-additions-iso doesn't actually install any of the Virtualbox  guest kernel modules, it literally just copies an ISO file into /usr/share/virtualbox/.  If you want to install the guest additions you can do one of three things:

In the guest (assuming it's Ubuntu), install the guest additions by running apt-get install virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11 virtualbox-guest-dkms
Mount the /usr/share/virtualbox/VBoxGuestAdditions.iso ISO (assuming it's installed via virtualbox-guest-additions-iso) from the host into the guest as a CD-ROM and then run the CD-ROM installer inside the guest.
Install virtualbox-guest-additions-iso into the guest, mount the ISO, and run the installer.  This is probably the least desirable of the three options.


i installed python cv but error showing no module named cv2

It looks like you don't have python-opencv installed. Can you try the following:

$ sudo apt-get install python-opencv


During ubuntu installation , why do we need to create home mount point

I suspect you only have to do this when you have opted to have a separate partition for the /home directory. This is optional. At minimum you could just have a linux swap partition and just one big partition for root.

Having a /home partition might be useful in the instance where your OS boots from a solid state drive, but you have a hard drive with much greater capacity also installed. Such a configuration could increase boot speed with out sacrificing storage space.


Uninstalling unity results in booting to white screen

After lots of playing around I found that I still had gnome-shell installed so I did:

sudo apt-get remove gnome-shell

and then I tried:

sudo apt-get remove unity

This said that unity was not installed but that a bunch of packages where no longer required including ubuntu-netbook-unity-default-settings and suggested I call:

sudo apt-get autoremove

this followed by:

sudo restart gdm

gave me a working desktop again.


Automount USB drive as /media/USERNAME/LABEL

Possible answer:

I'm not sure how to do this for all USB drives universally, but if you have specific drives, you can edit /etc/fstab to set up their mounts how you like them. You can use Disks (gnome-disks), or if you don't mind getting your hands dirty, you can edit it manually. You'll want to set a <mount point> and I think you'll want these options:

uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=022,fmask=022,users

Run man fstab for more info. There's also some info here on the community wiki.


Bash command accessing all subdirectory fails

You don't need a for-loop here. find should be enough:

find -name "*.gz" -exec gunzip {} \;

In this command, find searches recursively for files ending with .gz and extracts them using gunzip in their location.

If you need a loop, you can do the following:

for dir in $(find . -maxdepth 1 -type d)
do
  echo "entering $dir"
  cd "$dir"
  gunzip actives_final.sdf.gz
  gunzip decoys_final.sdf.gz
  cd -
done

In this loop, you are entering each directory (cd "$dir"), executing your gunzip commands and then going back to the previous directory (cd -) to start the next iteration.


It is possible to install dual boot Ubuntu and WIndows 7, using LVM?

If you want to run Windows natively it would have understand LVM, and that seems to not be the case(1, 2).

I suppose you could allocate a virtual machine disk on a LVM partition, and run Windows inside the virtual machine.

However, if you are only concerned about using LVM in Ubuntu you can

install Windows on raw disk partitions
Install grub on one partitition (to boot) and LVM on another partition and allocate all remaining volumes from inside the LVM.


How can I determine the version of Adobe Flash currently installed?

You can visit Adobe's homepage in your browser and use their little Flash version check widget.

http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/about/

Alternatively try the Check Now button at https://helpx.adobe.com/flash-player.html

I experienced that this is probably the most accurate and reliable way to check the exact version.


How to upgrade ubuntu from 14.04 to 18.04?

No.

Ubuntu does have LTS→LTS upgrades, allowing you to skip intermediate non-LTS releases...
But you can't skip intermediate LTS releases. You have to go via 16.04.

Unless you want to do a fresh install of 18.04 on release.

I should also note that the LTS upgrade pathways are usually only available  some time after the main release. So don't expect to be able to upgrade from 16.04 on the day of 18.04's release.


Can you make calls with Ubuntu on a Nexus 7?

This is a known issue / bug:
LaunchPad > 3G is non-functional on 32GB+3G Nexus 7

Repeated attempts to get 3G connectivity on my Nexus 7 fail. The same SIM worked fine under Android.
Very occasionally, a notification pops up saying that I have connected, but I am then immediately disconnected again. Most of the time, though, I get a 'disconnected' notification and nothing else.


Edit shortcut list window displayed through super-key pressing

This is currently not possible unless you edit the source code of Unity and implement it yourself.


how to add programs to ubuntu without internet access

You can go to Ubuntu Package Search and find the packages on any computer, even one with Windows or Mac OSX. You can then download the .deb files and double-click them on the Ubuntu computer after bringing them on a flash drive in order to install them(Or in terminal, execute sudo dpkg -i /path/to/package.deb)


"grub rescue unknown filesystem/device" error is only passed through by pressing multiple ESC in HP

Windows 10 Anniversary Update, and the more recent Windows 10 Creators Update, have a really bad habit of wiping out Linux partitions on MBR disks. Microsoft has known about this bug for quite some time, but has chosen not to fix it. Sounds like you're a victim.

Recovery is possible, but it can be tricky.

Boot to the Ubuntu Live DVD/USB.

Open Software & Updates and make sure that all of your software repositories (except proposed) are enabled.

In terminal...

sudo apt-get update           # update the software database
sudo apt-get install testdisk # install testdisk
man testdisk                  # read the manual
sudo testdisk                 # start testdisk

You can also get specific instructions here: http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Step_By_Step

Help for photorec here: https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec_Step_By_Step

Note: after recovery, strongly consider changing your MBR formatted disk to GPT format, so future MS updates won't wipe it again.


Why do I need to type `./` before executing a program in the current directory?

When you type the name of a program such as a.out the system looks for the file in your PATH. On my system, PATH is set to

/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games

Yours is probably similar.  To check, enter echo $PATH in  a terminal.

The system looks through these directories in the order given and if it can't find the program produces a command not found error.

Prepending the command with ./ effectively says "forget about the PATH, I want you to look only in the current directory".

Similarly you can tell the system to look in only another specific location by prepending the command with a relative or absolute path such as:

../ means in the parent directory eg ../hello look for hello in the parent directory.

./Debug/hello : "look for hello in the Debug subdirectory of my current directory."

or /bin/ls : "look for ls in the directory /bin"

By default, the current directory is not in the path because it's considered a security risk. See Why is . not in the path by default? on Superuser for why.

It's possible to add the current directory to your PATH, but for the reasons given in the linked question, I would not recommend it.


need bootmgr for clean install on unused hdd

Is it a new notebook with UEFI boot? In that case you might have to experiment with the UEFI boot order or deactivate Secure Boot if it causes problems.


Drop down terminal for Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS

There is Guake and Tilda. I personally use Guake in Ubuntu, and you can install it simply with:

sudo apt-get install guake

There is also Yakuake, but it has a lot of KDE dependencies.


Absolutely it is, and mdadm is indeed the tool with which you would want to do this.

When you boot up your live USB or CD to install Ubuntu, create the logical RAID devices via CLI prior to beginning then installation. Here is a link that nicely lays out how to use mdadm to set up your software RAID devices:

RAID setup - Linux Raid Wiki

After setting up your RAID devices, start up the Ubuntu installer, select "Something Else" when you get to the disk/storage part, then assign filesystems to your RAID devices.

Note 1: You can optionally set up LVM on top of your RAID devices created through mdadm and build your filesystems that way prior to launching the Ubuntu installer.

Note 2: Take care to exclude your Live USB device from any RAID or LVM configuration you perform.

EDIT: It is not necessary to use a Live USB/CD if you are creating a RAID device to mount somewhere and use as a NFS server or something to that effect.


you need to use the cd (change directory)command

cd ~/local/Freedom

use ls to list your current directory, pwd to show your current directory


Using apt-get to install always fails referencing MongoDB not starting

Try removing MongoDB:

sudo apt-get remove mongodb

Alternatively, check to see what the MongoDB logs say about the reason for the failure to start and fix it so the failure no longer happens.  The logs are usually to be found in /var/log/mongodb/mongodb.log.  Some common problems:

Permissions (this can also be the issue if there is nothing in the logs at all)
Already running (but service not aware) - shut it down
Keyfile permissions (if using auth)
Locale Issues

You may have other issues, of course, but these are good starting points.


Why do pages not load in any browser after updating Ubuntu 12.04?

Try clearing your browser's cache & cookies

In Firefox/Chrome/Chromium:

  Ctrl + Shift + Delete


You need to change your boot order, set usb storage devices first in the list. What ever is similar. Then restart. It should boot from your thumb.

This will be done in your BIOS. good luck.


MAAS node refuses IP address assigned to it by DHCP

I had a problem similar to this, but not exactly the same.  I tracked it down to having set "Static IP low" and "Static IP high" for the network the cluster controller was using.  Once I cleared the fields, the problem went away and it booted correctly.  Or, more correctly, I went on to other problems.


Having 2 websites under same IP apache2 configuration?

I have 2 websites (subdomains)

ServerName working.working1.de <- Working

ServerName xxx.xxxx.de <- Not working

Is it actually a subdomain the one not working? I mean since you do not post the layout of the URL, you should check out if it is an actual subdomain.

Assuming you have the domain working1.de as the working site config depicts, then your not working subdomain should be something like somesite.working1.de

Apache serves the enabled sites (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled) from the pool of available sites (/etc/apache2/sites-available) where actually are symlinks.

When you issue a2ensite mysite_config a symlink is created from sites-available to sites-enabled.

...and it is the default site configuration the one with 'It works!...' where it is enabled by default. You should disable this and keep the file as a reference for future site configurations.

EDIT

As a reference here as a Virtual Host configuration example for two subdomains hosted ad domain.de:

Accesible at http://rails.domain.de

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot /var/www/myrailsapp/public
    ServerName rails.domain.de

    <Directory /var/www/myrailsapp/public>
        AllowOverride all
        Options -MultiViews
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Accesible at http://another.domain.de

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot /var/www/mysite
    ServerName another.domain.de

    <Directory /var/www/mysite>
        AllowOverride all
        Options -MultiViews
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>


How do you make the bottom panel in Okular disappear?

To make the bottom bar go away, open the file ~/.kde/share/config/okularpartrc and under the section that says [Main View] add the following line:

ShowBottomBar=false


How to see all packages in a package repository? Website or command line?

APT maintains a list of packages in /var/lib/apt/lists that would be downloaded when asked. The files in the above said folder are generally InRelease files or Release files which contains such information. According to DebianRepository/Format - Debian Wiki:

  To download packages from a repository apt would download a InRelease or Release file from the $ARCHIVE_ROOT/dists/$DISTRIBUTION directory.

  InRelease files are signed in-line while Release files should have an accompanying Release.gpg file.

  The Release file lists the index files for the distribution and their hashes (the index file listed are relative to Release file location).

  To download index of the main component apt would scan the Release file for hashes of files in the main directory. eg. http://ftp.cz.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/binary-i386/Packages.bz2 which would be listed in http://ftp.cz.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/Release as binary-i386/Packages.bz2

If you want to check using terminal or using a locally stored files, open a terminal and run:

cat /var/lib/apt/lists/$ARCHIVE_ROOT_dists_$DISTRIBUTION_$COMPONENT_$ARCHITECTURE_Packages

For example:

cat /var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_bionic_main_binary-amd64_Packages

Alternatively, if you want to check the packages available using a browser, navigate to the corresponding Packages file generally located in $ARCHIVE_ROOT/dists/$DISTRIBUTION/$COMPONENT/$ARCHITECTURE. For example:
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/main/binary-amd64/.

Note: The starting paragraph is an excerpt from my other answer on Can't install MySQL 8 on Ubuntu 19.04.


Touchscreen on HP Envy is not working with 18.04

I have had the same issue. I have an AMD cpu with graphics. As far as I know the touch screen is not supported yet. I have only recently been able to use my hdmi out port after an update. Does your OS crash a lot? I continually get crashes related to AMD on this thing.


Permissions problem when upgrading Wordpress to 3.2 through the admin interface

This document may help you understanding how permissions should be applied for your files/folders in order to Wordpress work without a hassle.

In my personal experience, giving 755 permissions to the WordPress folder does the trick, but certain folders will require to have 777 no matters what WordPress says, several plugins and/or updates (even to the WP core) won't work if those folders doesn't feature 777 permissions.

Quoted from the document that I mention in the top of this answer:

  All files should be owned by the actual user's account, not the user
  account used for the httpd process.
  Group ownership is irrelevant, unless there's specific group
  requirements for the web-server process permissions checking. This
  is not usually the case.
  All directories should be 755 or 750.
  All files should be 644 or 640. Exception: wp-config.php should be
  600 to prevent other users on the server from reading it.
  No directories should ever be given 777, even upload directories.
  Since the php process is running as the owner of the files, it gets
  the owners permissions and can write to even a 755 directory.

This answer: General Rules for dealing with File Permissions will be helpful for a better comprehension on the permissions in a Ubuntu based system. Which -in case to be a local server- won't need to be accessed through a FTP Client in order to perform the task, but using a terminal.

If you need further information about this, feel free to drop a comment. My WP Blog can be reached via http://geppettvs.x10.mx/blog and I faced this issue lots of times in the past for remote and local servers.

Glossary for my answer:

Local Server should be considered a computer that I can plug with a keyboard or mouse in order to interact directly with its OS.
Remote Server is a computer that is not physically in front of me and I can't plug a keyboard or mouse to it in order to work with
the computer's OS.


When running sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade the system will tell you if there are automatic installed package that can be removed by running sudo apt autoremove .. when that happens, run the autoremove, this will , among other thing, remove old kernels from /boot


Name resolution works with host but fails otherwise

This is an issue where Windows has applied updates to the sub system but a reboot has not occurred. A full reboot (of windows, not Linux Subsystem) solves this.


It is possible to start and run Kodi in standalone mode as a service as elaborated here:

Autostart Kodi on Vivid
Kodi Wiki: How To Autostart Kodi

We have to be aware that this will start and run Kodi without any supporting applications we usually have when running on top of an Ubuntu desktop. We may have to make additional settings for networking, audio, graphics, shared devices, and more.

Therefore I found it much easier to install and maintain Kodi running as an application from our Ubuntu desktop.

Answers to "How do I start applications automatically on login?" will show you how to automatically start Kodi at login.

For this purpose I created a dedicated user "kodi" on our HTPC with passwordless login. This gives us the opportunity to also run applications other than Kodi on the box, and have different user accounts for different use cases (e.g. access restrictions).


Does Ubuntu 17 use the "pure" Gnome or Ubuntu Gnome?

The Ubuntu Desktop in Ubuntu 17.10 uses GNOME instead of Unity, but they've made a few changes in the GNOME desktop to make it similar to Unity. Ubuntu GNOME Desktop in Ubuntu 17.10 has the combination of purple desktop, applications launcher dock and dashboard that users of Unity in previous Ubuntu releases are familiar with.


The CAPS lock light flashing means that you didn't have a freeze, you had a hard kernel crash.

Best to solve the swap partition this way...

in terminal do a sudo swapoff -a to disable all swaps
in terminal do sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
use gparted to delete /dev/sda6 and recreate it as linux-swap
in terminal do a sudo mkswap /dev/sda6 (assuming that the new swap partition is still sda6)
note the new UUID
copy the new UUID to the clipboard
in terminal do gksudo gedit /etc/fstab
find the line that has "swap" in it

ie: UUID=071f8b0e-8e16-4f4d-90ff-a4ae9cc56e2b   none   swap   sw    0   0

replace the existing UUID with the new UUID with a paste
save the file and quit gedit
in terminal do sudo swapon -a
in terminal do free -h and swapon -s
confirm that swap is showing correctly now

Update #1:

check to see if this file exists...

ls -al /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume
if it does, update it with the UUID of the swap partition you obtained earlier...

gksudo gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume

sudo update-initramfs -u


EFI and working LVM partman-auto/expert_recipe?

You need to create an EFI system partition. Then the installer will mount it at /boot/efi.

Adding something to effect of ...

 1 1 1 free            \
    $bios_boot{ }       \
    method{ biosgrub }  \
.                       \
256 40 256 fat32        \
    $primary{ }         \
    $lvmignore{ }       \
    method{ efi }       \
    format{ }           \
.

... at the beginning of your expert_recipe will create a 256MB partition (/dev/sda1 for example) that will be set up for EFI. There's also 1MB of free space before the first partition (priority 1). This is needed if you want to have GRUB install on a system that is partitioned with GPT, since GPT extends beyond the size of the 512K MBR.


Creating a new user after install with encrypted home

It is a bug of 12.04, see here.

You can workaround creating the user from terminal. The command is:
adduser --encrypt-home username  (change "username" for the user name you want).


Recommendations for small stocks indicator?

As the OP pointed in his comment, indicator-stocks does the job. To install it, run the following commands in terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ce3a/indicator-stocks
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-stocks


If it is an Hadware error:

Probably there is not enough five volt power in that particular USB port to spin up the drive it's self.
Plug a powered USB hub into the port and power the hub with the included power supply and attach the drive to the hub. This will give the necessary amps to spin that big 2 gig drive.

lsusb is seeing the drive controller and listing it but the hard drive itself is not spinning so no drive is mounted.


Why is it safer to be plugged in during installation?

If you are not plugged, then your laptop battery may be dead before the
installation is finished, if you have a laptop. ;)

The result can be a ruined or incomplete installation and you have to start over. Assuming your hard drive still functions.


Install Ubuntu on Macbook6.1: where can I find amd64+mac iso

The amd64+mac ISO versions were developed for early Mac's with 64 bit processors, but only 32 bit EFI firmware. The resulting installations BIOS booted 64 bit versions of Ubuntu Linux. These installations also used the GUID Partition Tables (GPT) instead of the legacy MBR partition tables.

Your Mac has 64 bit EFI firmware. However, there is no reason you can not install a 64 bit BIOS booting Ubuntu on your Mac. Unfortunately, the last released amd64+mac ISO version was Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS (Trusty Tahr). For the desktop version download file ubuntu-14.04.5-desktop-amd64+mac.iso. Once installation is complete, you will be prompt to upgrade to Ubuntu 16. The instructions for upgrading from Ubuntu 16 to the current version (Ubuntu 18) are given here.

Beware of the following:

Not all Mac can BIOS boot. Apple starting eliminating the BIOS starting with the 2015 models. You Model does have a BIOS.
Many Macs with a BIOS will not BIOS boot an operating systems unless the drive is hybrid partitioned. If necessary, you can use gdisk to change the drive partitioning to hybrid.
To BIOS boot Ubuntu on a Mac, you should create a 1 MB biosgrub partition. You need to create this partition in addition to any other partitions you normally create for an Ubuntu installation.
There is no guarantee your Mac can BIOS boot Ubuntu and be upgraded to the current version. You will have to try to find out.

  Note: An example of installing Ubuntu Server is given as the accepted answer to the question Booting 64-bit Ubuntu Images on a First-Generation Mac Pro 1,1.


Desktop default or any tool using xdg-open directly (including Chrome/Chromium). To check the current default use:

~$ xdg-mime query default x-scheme-handler/magnet
transmission-gtk.desktop

To check available tools:

~$ grep -r -e "application/x-bittorrent" -e "x-scheme-handler/magnet" /usr/share/applications/
/usr/share/applications/deluge.desktop:MimeType=application/x-bittorrent;x-scheme-handler/magnet;
/usr/share/applications/transmission-gtk.desktop:MimeType=application/x-bittorrent;x-scheme-handler/magnet;
/usr/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache:application/x-bittorrent=transmission-gtk.desktop;deluge.desktop;
/usr/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache:x-scheme-handler/magnet=transmission-gtk.desktop;deluge.desktop;

To set another tool, for example Deluge:

xdg-mime default deluge.desktop x-scheme-handler/magnet

Firefox lets you choose which application handles each type of link (URL):

Firefox menu → Preferences → Applications → magnet: Choose Use other.


I just upgraded to 12.10 lost my side bar

I finally resolved this by creating a live cd, running it and choosing the option to reinstall without getting rid of my existing files and folders.
Everything is back and working fine.


Dual Booting Ubuntu and Windows on Separate Hard Drives

I have just moved Ubuntu and Windows 10 to their own hard drives.

To start with, both OS were on one drive that booted grub via BIOS.

This hard drive eventually became too small.

I disabled the hard drive and Installed Ubuntu on it's own drive.

Then I switched to the Windows drive, removed the Ubuntu partition and restored the Windows 10 bootloader.

Plugged the Ubuntu drive back in and ran Sudo update-grub.

I can now boot both systems using the grub menu or boot Windows via Windows bootloader by pressing f12.

If the Windows drive is set as first hard drive the Windows bootloader will be default and I can boot Ubuntu by pressing f12 and selecting it from the grub menu.

I moved Windows Documents and Downloads to a partition on the Ubuntu drive as it has the most room.


sort, uniq, cut keeping additional fields


Press Alt+D and then L to toggle line wrapping on or off.

Line wrapping off

Line wrapping on


print contents of a directory structure (filesystem) to CSV on the command line

This creates a CSV file listing.csv with file name, time stamp and size for all files in /some/folder/ and its subfolders:

find /some/folder -printf '"%P";"%Tc";"%s";\n' > listing.csv

See the documentation for -printf in the manpage for find if you want to use other fields.

Note that it doesn't work for file names containing " characters.


Your issue is you didn't use apt correctly.

First, remove unity-tweak-tool:

sudo apt-get remove unity-tweak-tool

Then, install it again:

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool


Why does Ubuntu provide the Multiverse repository?

The distinction between restricted and multiverse is that Ubuntu itself pledges to support the software in restricted, whereas software in multiverse is provided by Ubuntu but with no guarantee of Ubuntu support.  I's not really fair to say universe and multiverse software is "unsupported", just that support will be dependent on the third party that produced it, or other third parties, and/or the "Ubuntu community": volunteers that package software for Ubuntu.  This is opposed to software in main and restricted where Ubuntu have allocated dedicated people to ensure its support.

The distinction between restricted/multiverse and main/universe is that the software in restricted/multiverse is not fully free by Ubuntu's definition of free software, though it is still free enough for Ubuntu to distribute it in a repository.  Usually this means that it contains binary code for which the source is not available, though sometimes it can be other licensing issues.

So, technically, multiverse contains software that:

Ubuntu can distribute, but is not fully free - probably contains binary code without source.
Ubuntu itself doesn't guarantee to support.

What are examples of packages in multiverse?

Chiefly, ubuntu-restricted-extras is a metapackage containing a suite of software Ubuntu thinks you really are likely to want, even though it's not open source software.

Installer for Adobe's Flash plug-in
Microsoft Core Fonts for the Web
A selection of video or audio codecs with non-free licenses
Unrar

Other packages in multiverse, but not part of ubuntu-restricted-extras, include a small range of Linux based software included either because Ubuntu thinks you're very likely to want to install it on Ubuntu, or because it is very much open source software in spirit but misses out on qualifying with Ubuntu's definition of free software for some reason, such as by including some binary code without source, or some license terms that make its license incompatible (eg a non-commercial clause, or any other "custom" clauses added to otherwise compatible open source licenses).


How to install colour profile screen device not listed

Until this bug is fixed, you can load your colour profile manually with

dispwin your_colour_profile.icc

(so you can put that in a script in your your autostart folder)


ActionSelectionPopover - populate dynamically

You can use the powerful method Qt.createQmlObject() to populate dynamically the action list with the result of a JS function, like this:

import QtQuick 2.0
import Ubuntu.Components 0.1
import Ubuntu.Components.Popups 0.1

Rectangle {
    id: mainView
    width: units.gu(30)
    height: units.gu(40)

    ActionSelectionPopover {
        id: actionSelectionPopover
    }

    Button {
        id: actionSelectionPopoverButton
        text: i18n.tr("action list")
        anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
        anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
        width: units.gu(16)

        function my_actions(){
            var actions = []
            for (var i = 1; i <= 5; i++){
                var text = ['import Ubuntu.Components 0.1; Action {text: "', i.toString(), '";}'].join('')
                actions.push(Qt.createQmlObject(text, actionSelectionPopoverButton, "action"+i));
            }
            return actions;
        }

        onClicked: {
            actionSelectionPopover.actions = my_actions()
            actionSelectionPopover.caller = actionSelectionPopoverButton;
            actionSelectionPopover.show();
        }
    }
}


Ubuntu 14.04 Nvidia Optimus Bumblebee error

From: https://wiki.debian.org/Bumblebee#Common_issues

I had to edit the file '/etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf' and set the driver manually :

Driver=nvidia

You should have a corresponding [driver-nvidia] section in your file with the current version of your nvidia driver :

[driver-nvidia]
# KernelDriver=nvidia-current
KernelDriver=nvidia-331
# LibraryPath=/usr/lib/nvidia-current:/usr/lib32/nvidia-current
LibraryPath=/usr/lib/nvidia-331:/usr/lib32/nvidia-331
# XorgModulePath=/usr/lib/nvidia-current/xorg,/usr/lib/xorg/modules
XorgModulePath=/usr/lib/nvidia-331/xorg,/usr/lib/xorg/modules

then restart the bumblebee daemon :

sudo service bumblebeed restart


how to connect to WPA2 enterprise WiFi in Ubuntu Core Raspberry Pi 3

I managed to solve my own problem in regards to this question. Here's how I did it in Ubuntu Core using NetworkManager nmcli console:

$ network-manager.nmcli connection edit type 802-11-wireless
nmcli> goto 802-11-wireless
nmcli 802-11-wireless> set ssid <your_ssid>
nmcli 802-11-wireless> back
nmcli> goto 802-11-wireless-security
nmcli 802-11-wireless-security> set key-mgmt wpa-eap
nmcli 802-11-wireless-security> set auth-alg open
nmcli 802-11-wireless-security> back
nmcli> goto 802-1x
nmcli 802-1x> set eap peap
nmcli 802-1x> set identity <your_identity>
nmcli 802-1x> set password <your_password>
nmcli 802-1x> set phase2-auth mschapv2
nmcli 802-1x> back
nmcli> verify
nmcli> save
Saving the connection with 'autoconnect=yes'. That might result in an immediate activation of the connection.
Do you still want to save? (yes/no) [yes] yes
Connection 'wifi' (20e7bab0-6780-45a7-b650-eafb28e7912a) successfully saved.

Ubuntu should try to connect by now and you might be disconnected if you're currently ssh-ed in. Just ssh again with the new IP address (if you use IP).

Points of reference:

http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/zesty/man5/nm-settings.5.html
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/zesty/man7/nmcli-examples.7.html


Cannot downgrade subversion without a lot of work

You have to tell apt-get to downgrade all the dependencies along:

sudo apt-get install subversion=1.7.14-1+WANdisco libsvn1=1.7.14-1+WANdisco

otherwise apt won't downgrade them. For these operations I prefer aptitude, since it allows me to resolve things manually.


How do i display complete log in terminal

Depending on your terminal, you could also enable "unlimited" scrollback. In GNOME Terminal (and presumably its MATE equivalent), select Profile Preferences in the Edit menu:


Ubuntu only boots with the live-USB connected

Disable Fast startup in windows (see this)
Also check if your windows OS was installed in UEFI or Legacy BIOS mode (see this). You may need to set the BIOS boot mode to UEFI to get into Ubuntu if Windows was installed in Legacy mode (which might mean switching the bios mode every time you want to switch between OS's).
edit: Also see if you can disable legacy and only boot UEFI in the BIOS


What to learn Ubuntu application development in python, where to start?

Developing applications in Linux isn't really a distro-specific endeavor. Your software, once built, just needs to be packaged for the distros you care about (RPMs for distros that use yum, debs for distros that use apt, or just wheels via PIP). Unless you're pulling in strange dependencies (which you should avoid anyway), you will not need to do any extra work.

There are tons of StackExchange threads on the merits of various GUI toolkits for Python. I will not duplicate that information here.

Is Python any good for GUI development?
Python - Best GUI library for the job?
Which Python GUI library is easiest to use?

Python 3.4 is standard with Ubuntu 14.04, so simple applications will use it by default with a #!/usr/bin/env python3 shebang. More complex applications can be developed under Python 3.4 using virtualenv and/or virtualenvwrapper, then deployed with Python 3.4 via requirements.txt or similar.


do you want to run or display contents ?: Asked after run chmod -R

The command you ran messed up the files' access rights. Unfortunately, there's no easy way to restore the previous state exactly.

Removing the executable bit from the files you are trying to open will get rid of the message, though.

Warning: This command will remove the executable bit from all files in that directory and its subdirectories, so afterwards you might have to add the bit back for files that are supposed to have it.

find /home/user/Projects/myApp/ -type f -exec chmod -x {} +


ubuntu builder alternative or replacement

Ubuntu Customization Kit

Here is a tutorial:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCDCustomization


Uninstall Kubuntu from a dual-boot with Ubuntu?

Try this:

Boot the computer from Ubuntu.

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-pc grub-pc-bin grub-common grub2-common
sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
sudo grub-install --recheck /dev/sda
sudo gparted

Delete the partition using GParted, close it and continue running:

sudo update-grub
sudo reboot


tor stops while bootstrapping, what could be the problem?

Tor maverick repository is up...that could be related, I just reinstalled tor from repo.  Being in Iran, it might be that you need a bridge that isn't on your nation's blocklist.  Just a couple of pieces of pertinent info.


In the printer dialog you can select under Print -> Order -> Priority. There you can select the priority between low, middle, high and urgent.


Command 'gradle' not found. How can I run the gradle command from any directory?

Edit ~/.bashrc and add the export  ... command there.


Assuming that you used the .deb Ubuntu packages... . When I've had problems with the official distro packages in the past, I have also downloaded the tar package from "Other systems (not officially supported)". These packages are stand-alone, and as such you run them by untar'ing and then executing the binary in the base of the extracted directory:

tar -xJf teamviewer_amd64.tar.xz
cd teamviewer
./teamviewer

The stand-alone version runs independently, and can help iron out issues with the official package, vs runtime issues.

Also, as per the Teamviewer support site, check debug logs via:

sudo teamviewer ziplog

In addition, since the process fails when trying to load the Teamviewer GUI, check for issues with libqt5gui5.


No, Squid will not proxy ICMP traffic.  If the network you are on prohibits ICMP, then you will need to ssh to some other machine that is permitted to send/receive ICMP traffic.


Problem with dual monitor config in Ubuntu 18.04

Your dock is probably not supported in linux unless its a true thunderbolt dock or has its own driver.

Please update your question with the full lspci output.

Thunderbolt 2 is the same physical connector as mini displayport , on a true thunderbolt dock the displayport is just another socket for the display card. I use an OWC thunderbolt dock this way , its almost invisible to the computer as its basically pci-e hotlpug.

If your dock is made by dell it almost certainly uses a displaylink chipset it will need a driver for it to work properly, you can get one here. It will be laggy and slow , these are barely usable in linux.
http://www.displaylink.com/downloads/ubuntu

Unless you need the dock for the other ports i would just plug the monitor directly in to the thunderbolt socket, you might need an adapter.


Secure thunderbird profile with admin rights

Running thunderbird as an admin user is a Bad Idea, especially since it is something that is often left running in the background. An attacker finding your computer with an admin-priviledged copy of thunderbird open could (for example) write a hostile script as an email, and use admin privileges to save it as text over an existing system executable.

I would in general consider disk encryption (along with a fairly fast system lock time) adequate in this situation, but if you're feeling paranoid just don't keep local copies of mail.

Disable saving mail passwords (or at least use a master password): Edit->Preferences->Security->Passwords
Configure IMAP accounts not to save local copies of messages (Edit->Account Settings->ACCOUNT->Synchronisation & Storage).


vgaswitcheroo doesn't work on 14.04 - discrete Radeon always on, Dell Vostro 3350

" saw in 13.10. The effect is exactly the same as if discrete graphics is on, laptop is loud and terribly overheats. Typing sudo echo OFF > /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch gives no effect, output of cat /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch doesn't change."

from my experience, DynOff works better than manual Off. It still says Off (DynOff) and I guess that it means the card is not powered and that this is automatic.

However, if you still want to roll things back to the manual settings, you have to modify grub.  Use sudo to do the following:

open in any editor the file /etc/default/grub  and find the line

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=

there should be values like "quiet splash" in this line; just add radeon.runpm=0 so it looks something like this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash radeon.runpm=0"

save the file and run

sudo update-grub

then reboot. after rebooting, the behavior of cat /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch should be like in older ubuntu version. then you can run

echo OFF > /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitheroo/switch

to see if it works - as you used to do before. if it works, add this line to /etc/rc.local just above exit 0.

i tried it on my machine and it basically works... but i think that DynOff is doing exactly the same. my computer is not overheating with both configurations.


There is a way to boot from a Ubuntu install CD and switch over to your installation on hard disk. If you system is not really corrupted it would run. I would reinstall grub as safety measure.

If that does not work, you might have broken system essentials. First step would be to mount your partition and backup you essential data, i.e. /home/ folder. replace '' with your login name.
To recover broken stuff in your installation can be quite advanced, so you should at least consider if its quicker to backup data, reinstall OS and the packages you have used. Depending on your level you could consider to install your software from the command line and put the commands is a script file and run that. That way you have a very easy time if such a thing ever happens again.

Procedures

1) Start your Linux with help of the install disk

All commands need to be entered in a terminal window

start from CD. You would need to select the BIOS boot menu, e.g. F8 or F12 or whatever your motherboard requires.
Select "try Ubuntu"

For the next you need to know what your system partition is. If you do not know, you can find out with gparted. Type.

sudo gparted

It will ask for your password. Then it will open a window and you see your disk and the partitions on it. Linux will use a "swap" partition which you can ignore and a system partition with the file system 'ext4'. If its more complex and you set it up, you would know the partition name anyway. If not check with the one who set up your system. Note the partition name which has the type '/dev/sda1'. I will use sda1 in the example. Modify as required.

Now we connect to partition so we can read it.

sudo mkdir /mnt/temp
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/temp

Check with 'll /mnt/temp' if there is content. Now you can go with your file manager into /mnt/temp and you see the file system of your installation. You can backup data as required.

Next we shift execution to your system on hard disk

sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/temp/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/temp/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/temp/sys
sudo chroot /mnt/temp

Now your file manager only shows your file system on disk.

2) Install grub

That quite easy. The 'sda' is the name of the disk. I would recommend to put grub into the MBR of the disk (or equivalent for UEFI), because IMHO it easier to handle than the windows boot manager. If you had it in the partition your can use the partition name, i.e. 'sda1'. Note that the command needs the full path to the disks, '/dev/sda1'
    sudo grub-install /dev/sda

I would recommend to print out that procedure and store it with the Ubuntu install disk. You might need it again.


For such case you can always use one of the “LibreOffice Packaging” team PPAs:
to get 6.4
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/libreoffice-6-4
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libreoffice
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

to get latest 7.0.4 (recommended way, will work with 18.04 LTS too):
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libreoffice
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Note: to revert the changes use ppa-purge - sudo apt-get install ppa-purge, sudo ppa-purge ppa:libreoffice/libreoffice-6-4 or sudo ppa-purge ppa:libreoffice/ppa .


After a system upgrade, when I `su -` I get bash-4.4 as a prompt instead of root@hostname

That is a very easy to solve issue ;-)

The PS1 variable is not properly set. This is done in the /root/.bashrc. Most likely the .bashrc was not updated or is broken in some other way. Replace it with the .bashrc from /etc/skel/.bashrc:

$ sudo cp /etc/skel/.bashrc /root/.bashrc
$ su -
root@desktop:~#
root@desktop:~# echo $PS1
\[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$


how to change boot device from pen drive to hard disk

Have a look at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows (nevermind the page title, the procedure for installing the bootloader is the same)

In short, you need to open a terminal window and type

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

but be sure to read the whole article I linked to.


In the help file there are three methods mentioned. Methods 2 and 3 worked for me.

Flip a picture
Edit menu - I could not find it either.
Rotate a picture
when the window is focused and the mouse is over the image, two bent arrow buttons should be visible at the bottom. Click either to rotate in the direction indicated. You can then save the rotated image.
Keyboard shortcuts
Rotate Clockwise Ctrl+R
Rotate Counter Clockwise Ctrl+Shift+R


This command that works according to you:

chown -R root:root upload/418/2018
/snap/bin/pdftk "upload/418/2018/fichier1.pdf" cat output upload/418/2018/fichiercombine.pdf dont_ask

was preceeded by a change directory (something like cd /var/www/html/).

This one did not do that:

$ /snap/bin/pdftk "upload/418/2018/fichier1.pdf" cat output upload/418/2018/fichiercombine.pdf dont_ask
Error: Unable to find file.
Error: Failed to open PDF file:
   upload/418/2018/fichier1.pdf
Errors encountered.  No output created.
Done.  Input errors, so no output created.

... so will try to execute it from inside a directory that does start where you put upload/ The notice does not complain about permissions so I would assume that is not the problem. It says "file not found" instead so I believe your 2nd command is not executed at the correct directory. If it is though a permission issue: add the user apache to the group that owns pdftk or, if that is owned by root, change the group for that to a new group and add apache to it.

If it is a directory issuue the asiest fix would be to use absolute paths and not relative paths. Or add a cd /var/www/html && in front of the command where you replace the /var/www/html for what it needs to be.


Lenovo ThinkPad T590 Integrated Camera doesn't work on Ubuntu 18.04

Based on the information provided, it doesn't appear that your HD 720p webcam is functional and connected to the system. What can you do? Since this appears to be a hardware problem there's nothing magical you can do with software to make it function. However, if you are technically proficient you can open the bezel and confirm continuity between the camera and the board and restore it if it doesn't exist. if there is continuity through the connection, the fault is either with the camera board or perhaps the board it connects to You can find replacement parts for your Lenovo Thinkpad T590 here. You can change your country/region and language at the top of the page as shown below:


How can I move files from one place to other with validation/md5 done to origin and destination?

rsync

tutorials : http://everythinglinux.org/rsync/

for example, i use

rsync -rptDuv --exclude ~/.ssh $SOURCEDIR -e ssh -t $USER@$BACKUPSERVER:/$TARGETDIR

for backing up whole $SOURCEDIR trough ssh to some server. But there is much more options, you can read

man rsync

for them.

about moving, you can use option --remove-source-files or just delete files after copy


When booting, I chose UEFI mode and edited Try without installing entry replacing quiet splash with nomodeset. That is for Nvidia, I am not sure about other graphic cards, but may be that will work.


I lost the Windows partition after installing Ubuntu 16.04 with Unified key

You are pretty screwed. Firstly you followed the steps in the Ubuntu installer which you seem to understand said it would delete your data, which it did. That alone would likely leave your data unrecoverable. However, in addition you then formatted an encrypted LUKS partition, which upon creation wipes the entire partition with random data.

TL;DR - Deleted all your data then replaced it with random, virtually the most unrecoverable/secure thing possible.


Software Center shows an error message upon software installation

This error's root cause is most likely that Ubuntu 10.10 is not longer officially supported. Try using 12.04 LTS or 12.10 instead, or if you really do need something older you can try installing 10.04 LTS, which is still being supported.


OK, sorry, just answered my own question. I did some more digging and the realised that my stupid sky router has given out the IP of my printer (fixed) to my machine. Totally odd, even though I have reserved the IP of that printer. Gave my machine a temporary fixed IP which is different from the printer and it's now working as on my other machine.


Regarding:

function os_release() {
[[ -r  /etc/os-release ]] && . /etc/os-release

case "$ID" in
ubuntu|linuxmint|debian)
    :
    ;;
*)
    echo "Unsupported OS" | stderr
    exit 1
    ;;
esac
}

Open a terminal and do

 more /etc/os-release

and remember what it says, edit this file and add what you found (assuming kubuntu) like so:

kubuntu|ubuntu|linuxmint|debian)

Regarding

#VERSIONLIST_PACKAGE=amdgpu-pro-pin

remove the #.

Then save the script and execute it. Mind that there is no guarantee it will work and you might end up with a non-bootable system. Prepare a live usb and find out what to do to remove packages installed regarding video card driver and you can reset from the live session ;)

edit Your release shows ....

 ID=ubuntu

The ID is what is asked for in the script ($ID) so that seems fine to me since ubuntu is in the list of accepted releases.

Errors were encountered while processing:
/tmp/apt-dpkg-install-mDmBng/044-amdgpu-core_19.10-785425_all.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

is too vague for me. Are you omitting lines? I'd expect more than these 3.

2 options:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

to reconfigure the dpkg database. That might fix the notice.

cd /tmp/
sudo apt-get install -f apt-dpkg-install-mDmBng/044-amdgpu-core_19.10-785425_all.deb

can be used to force installation. If the .deb is still in /tmp/ that is.

I would not use this script. Download the deb and install that. It is likely to throw more information at you regarding issues it encounters.


DKMS Modules Installation Error After Upgrade to Kernel 5.12

Removing packages that are in what's known as a "half-configured" state often requires eschewing apt (a high-level or "intelligent" package manager) for a more potent backend tool which apt uses behind the scenes called dpkg. Care and caution should always be exercised when invoking dpkg directly as it's quite possible to make a bad situation worse by using it; this is a result of it generally doing everything it can to do as it's told, in contrast to tools like apt or aptitude, which will push back or sometimes outright refuse to cooperate if you instruct them to do something ill-advised.
Your stated goal is simply to remove the packages causing the issue, so that's straightforward enough for me to feel comfortable advising you on using dpkg directly. You'll be best served by using its 'purge' command, which uninstalls all traces of packages. This invocation should result in both problematic packages being purged:
sudo dpkg -P rtl8821ce-dkms rtk-btusb-dkms

As a small bit of context, I believe that the rtl8821ce kernel module may have been failing to build for the 5.12 Linux kernel because the driver was finally accepted to become part of the kernel during the last merge window (for kernel 5.11) and so should be present already with the kernel you're using. I haven't gone looking to see if this is indeed the case, but as of a couple months ago that was what I became aware of. I can't speak to why the other one may be failing to build, I have no personal experience with or knowledge of it.


GRUB is not seen during dual boot. How can i get it?

I have fixed issues like this in the past using the Boot-Repair tool. You will need to have or create a bootable boot repair disk or a bootable Ubuntu CD or USB.


Make sure the partition is correctly mount.

Do those files and folders start with a dot ".", they are by default hidden, you'll have to  use ls -la to display those (or Ctrl+h to show in nautilus).

Run findmnt or mount | column -t, paste the output.

Also, is partition D encrypted (EFS)?


Ubuntu doesn't show up after upgrading on a dual booted Mac mini

This happens when the software updater performs a kernel update OR there is otherwise need for new GRUB files to be installed.

When the kernel update is processed, Ubuntu will show "updating GRUB..." I have found that this totally wipes rEFInd... As will an outright GRUB update OR system-level update of MacOS.

So, you will need to do two things... First make sure that csiutils is off in the MacOS... If you made no updates to MacOS since using rEFInd, it most likely is still "disabled". But, if not, you will need to boot into "recovery mode", run a terminal from the top menu, and enter csrutils disable... Then reboot normally into MacOS to reinstall rEFInd.

Once there, you will need to open a BASH terminal in MacOS - with your rEFInd USB stick inserted. And, reinstall rEFInd. It will re-detect everything and even add the the new kernel information to the boot options for Ubuntu.

To do this, in BASH terminal, change to the directory where the rEFInd USB is mounted (Usually in the user's /Volumes///refind-install (or similar depending on the MacOS version and other factors that I never quite figured out)
once there, type ls to see the files. You should see "refind-install" OR, depending on your rEFInd version, you might see "install.sh". (usually the first one)

At the terminal prompt, enter ./refind-install  Or ./install.sh This will start the install and restore your boot options. You will have to be in "root" mode. So, it will ask for your password before proceeding. I have found that sometimes a leading space is required for the "./ directive to work in MacOS's BASH Terminal. in earlier versions, like pre-10.9 OSX, it doesn't seem to matter.

Once complete, enter reboot  and let it cycle through a fresh boot in which you should see the familiar rEFInd boot loader screen.

Worthy of note, is the fact that if you EVER 1) update GRUB, 2) Do an OS update on the MacOS, or 3) Reset your PRAM [ctrl-opt-P-R during boot] you will lose rEFInd again. I have had to do this many times with my MacOS/Ubuntu hybrids. So, keep that USB stick handy. It won't be the last time you will need it.

I truly hope you find this answer helpful.


Package php7.2-mbstring missing in Ubuntu 18.04

Enabling the universe repository:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) universe"

helped me installing (php7.1-mbstring):

sudo apt-get install php7.1-mbstring

Thanks for jdtech and Ubuntu


I think the easiest way is to get the Boot Repair Disk, which can fix this automatically. It's saved me many times in the past. It can be done with the original Ubuntu install disk, too. And if you know the commands and your partitions, you can boot from the grub prompt, but that's not very intuitive until you've done it a few times.


How to kill the X server and end up with a CLI?

To shut down your X session type in the command line:

sudo service lightdm stop

So you will end up in the virtual terminal #7. You then can hit Ctrl+Alt+F1 - Ctrl+Alt+F6 to get a login prompt. For terminal #7 (Ctrl+Alt+F7) there is no tty started because it's meant for the x server.

Edit:

If you want to end of in a shell, then create a file called /etc/init/tty7.conf with content:

# tty7 - getty
#
# This service maintains a getty on tty7 from the point the system is
# started until it is shut down again.

start on runlevel [23] and not-container

stop on runlevel [!23]

respawn
exec /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty7

After creating this file reboot the system, and then when you perform sudo service lightdm stop you will end up in a login shell.


Different results for ls when accessing Ubuntu via SSH from different clients (Windows-PuTTy, Mac-Terminal)

Sorting order is defined by the locale variables LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE and LANG (in this order, the first being the strongest). These are also some of the few variables that typically can be set by the ssh client. Check and compare these variables. You might want to set them to a well-defined value on the server (e.g. in .bash_profile), or make sure that your ssh clients set the same consistent value.


xfs doesn't need a separate /boot partition, grub2 can boot off of
xfs
You won't find a single answer. Google it - everyone will say
different. Any particular reason to use it?
For dual booting it's best (IMHO) to make the biggest partition ntfs
and share it by simply soft-linking the stuff you need.

So I for example have a ntfs partition containing the folders Downloads, Movies, Music and Documents. Right-click and create link copy the link over /home/Downloads etc. works nice.

In Win 7 you can use the library function to always use those folders.

So it's

10-30 GB ntfs for win 7 (OS)
$(therest) GB ntfs for data (biggest)
10-30 GB ext4 for Ubuntu
(optional) one ext4 for /home (doesn't need to be big though, the data is on ntfs anyway).


How to install Kde plazma alongside unity in ubuntu?

First :

apt-get install kde-plasma-desktop

When downloading and installation , it will ask you to configure kde :

Choose kdm after downloading , just logout and login as kde , it should work .


Trying to add an ampersand at the end of every line of file using sed

& is one of very few characters that is special on the replacement side of a sed s/pattern/replacement/ command - in particular, it is replaced by the whole matched portion of the pattern space. In this case, the whole matched portion is a zero length assertion $, so & appears to insert nothing in the replacement.
To add a literal ampersand, you therefore need to escape it:
sed -i -e 's/$/ \&/' file


The only option exist is to Build it from Sources, since you're running Vivid (15.04) version which has reached EOL (End Of Life).

Download the source code and its prerequisites:

wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-6.3.0/gcc-6.3.0.tar.bz2
tar jxvf gcc-6.3.0.tar.bz2
cd gcc-6.3.0
./contrib/download_prerequisites

Compile the sources (note: this command will differ depending on where you initially saved the .bz2 archive), you can also modify option for build command. In this case we'll use very basic option:

cd ~
mkdir gcc-build && cd gcc-build
../gcc-6.3.0/configure -v --prefix=$HOME/gcc-6.3.0

NOTE: Make sure you have read the docs to view available option.
Now we are ready to build gcc

Run make command to build gcc, this steps will take a long time to complete.

make

Once the above phase is finished, you can install built gcc with:

sudo make install

Once this process has completed, run the command gcc --version to verify that the installation has completed successfully.


It seems that this is a known problem, and you will find the description (and suggestions how to deal with it) here: http://wiki.prgmr.com/mediawiki/index.php/Chapter_15:_Troubleshooting#The_Importance_of_Disk_Drivers_.28initrd_Problems.29

  "The underlying problem here—at least in this case—is that the domU
  kernel doesn’t have the necessary drivers compiled in, and the ramdisk
  was not specified. (...) Nearly all distro kernels come with a minimal
  kernel and require an initrd with the disk driver to finish booting.
  These messages may simply come from the kernel before the initrd has
  loaded, or they can indicate a serious problem if the initrd doesn’t
  contain the necessary drivers."

This is a highly specific problem, and I suggest that you turn to stackoverflow to solve it.


If 14.04 LTS supports this, try using GParted to see the partitions in the disk. There is a good chance that the partition you are seeing (7.7GB) is the only formatted partition, and you might see "Free Space 9xx GB" or something of that nature. You only need to extend the partition (if possible).


It's in Settings -> Mouse and Touchpad. From there you can set Drag and Drop Threshold. I've got mine set pretty high for that reason.


Unable to uninstall anything or due to Python 2.7 error

You need to remove package completely using following command in terminal.

sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq python2.7


how to install ubuntu on a hdd and use it(hdd) on another pc?

Can this be done without interfering with the laptop's(L2 :P) installation?

Take out native hard drive from laptop #2
Plug in the hard drive from laptop #1 into laptop #2
Boot live cd / usb
Install Ubuntu on the hard drive
Swap hard drives back to their respective places.

Cool thing about Ubuntu and Linux in general is that it is easy to swap hard drives from one computer into the other ( since Linux kernel contains a lot of modules/drivers out of the box already ) , and it will work. I have old HP Compaq desktop , which used to have Windows XP there, used to be horribly slow. I've swapped hard drive with Ubuntu 14.04 32 bit into it , and lo and behold - the old junker liveth !


System freezes after VGA output goes crazy

Try to uninstall the nvidia driver and then try to install it again,

apt-get remove --purge nvidia

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

sudo reboot

Hope this helps.


Here are some of the solutions for this problem.

Maybe /var/run/mysql/mysql.sock is missing. If /var/run/mysql/mysql.sock is missing you can replace it by doing the following:

sudo touch /var/run/mysql/mysql.sock
sudo chown mysql /var/run/mysql/mysql.sock

If this doesn't help you can try and reinstall it.

First remove it:

sudo apt-get --purge remove mysql-server
sudo apt-get --purge remove mysql-client
sudo apt-get --purge remove mysql-common

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean

Also remove MySQL dir:

sudo rm -rf /etc/mysql

And then install it:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

After that you can check status:

sudo service mysql status

Workaround if AppArmor is the problem:

sudo aa-complain /etc/apparmor.d/*mysql*

And also check if there is enough drive space.


/dev/sda is very likely your local Hard Drive, not the external. So you might have destroyed the partition table on your computer.

You should boot with a Linux Live USB and run testdisk to recover the partition(s) on /dev/sda.

  TestDisk is powerful free data recovery software! It was primarily
  designed to help recover lost partitions

Next time, you should first find out the proper name of your hard drive using lsblk or use a graphical tool that can fix Partition tables (e.g. gparted)


Option 1
To restart the PCI Wi-Fi card, open up Terminal and type sudo su. Enter your password and press enter. Then, type /etc/init.d/network-manager restart. The wireless card should be finished restarting and idle.
Option 2
The second option to restart the PCI Wi-Fi card, type sudo su and type your password finishing with an enter. Then, type service networking restart or service network-manager restart (I recommend network-manager) and the wireless card is restarted.


I'm using latest GNOME 3.10 on fedora 20 and  StartupWMClass=VirtualBox seems to do the trick.

Perhaps it was fixed since the time you asked the question?

Anyway, VirtualBox still has one drawback - all windows has the same WM_CLASS. So if you're running several machines they will be grouped together. I've filed a bug report for this: https://www.virtualbox.org/ticket/12534 . Hopefully we'll see it resolved soon.


I encountered the same problem. Go to sound settings --> applications and check if Rhythmbox is not muted.


A file manager with free icon placing option

Yes, that option is found in Nautilus (legacy), Caja, and Nemo.

Where is the option

The option is accessible only when using Icon View (default view) in the file manager. User will not find this option in the preferences of file manager.

In the menu bar, go to View > Arrange Items > Manually. Alternatively, right-click on mouse and select Arrange Items > Manually.
Then feel free to arrange files while using Icon View.
The arrangement persists even after changing the folder view, as long as the "Arrange items" option is not changed to something else.

Nautilus (legacy) and its original features were deprecated with the introduction of Unity and GNOME 3 desktop environment in 2010 and 2011. "Arrange Items Manually" is one of original features that were less known or used by average users.

Hence the discrepancies of Nautilus variants:

GNOME Files (Nautilus in GNOME 3) has no such option for sorting files since GNOME 3.6. The documentation had "Manual sorting" option in earlier releases, however.
Files (Nautilus in Unity/GNOME) similarly has no such way of sorting files in Ubuntu.
Nemo (Nautilus in Cinnamon) was forked from Nautilus in GNOME 3.4 prior to the removal of some features. Apparently, the option was not yet removed at the time.

In short, the "Arrange Items" option is not available in newer releases of Nautilus (GNOME 3.6+). That leaves only Caja and Nemo, the forks of older releases of Nautilus.

Caja, the good old Nautilus

User can install Caja from the Ubuntu repositories in 16.04 and newer releases. Else use MATE for Trusty PPA by "Ubuntu MATE Developers" team to install in the older release 14.04.

Nemo, the newer old Nautilus

User can install Nemo from the Ubuntu repositories in 14.04 and newer releases. The older version depends on GNOME packages, whilst the newer version depends on Cinnamon packages.

Tested using Caja 1.12.7 and Nemo 2.8.6 in Xubuntu 16.04 (Xfce 4.12).


Type in terminal:

synclient VertTwoFingerScroll=1
synclient HorizTwoFingerScroll=1

If it works, then create a new Bash script:

#!/bin/bash
synclient VertTwoFingerScroll=1
synclient HorizTwoFingerScroll=1

Save it to file using gedit (or any other text editor) and add that script to Startup Applications, so it will enable two finger scrolling every time you start your computer.

Alternatively you can upgrade your system to 14.04 or newer and you will be able to just enable this option in System Settings → Mouse & Touchpad.


no hardware listed in sound settings, but audio works, failed after selecting a different output. 13.04

The solution is to delete the .pulse file in the home folder, reboot and this resets the sound settings... Worked for me


Yes you have indent in Gedit. Open gedit and at Edit-> Preferences you can have the automatic indent option.

About the second point , its saying like assume the TEMPDIR is at /tmp location.


Themes and Icons changed: can't change back

I solved it (atleast it seems like a fix).

After typing compiz --replace, most of the Unity desktops was like it should be but some things were still strange and I would have to type this command everytime I started Ubuntu.
There seems to be a problem with the copnfig so with the desktop beeing "normal" again I first typed
dconf reset -f /org/compiz/
to reset the config and then
setsid unity
to restart the desktop. I logged out and in and everything was back to normal, all the icons were as they should be, the theme was like it should be - problem solved.


Getting rid of Minefield (Firefox daily build)

It seems, that only the menu-entry of Minefield is left.

Go to Menu/System/Preferences/Menu and uncheck or delete the minefield-entry on the right (but not the Firefox entry :-)).


Should one use FQDN in /etc/hostname instead of hostname?

Revised Answer:

The host itself does not handle the actual FQDN.  That is handled by the DNS.  FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) is handled by DNS translating names into IP addresses.  Using the /etc/hosts file, you are essentially overriding the DNS server.  The computer looks to the /etc/hosts file first to see if an entry is defined for a hostname to IP address.  The entries in the /etc/hosts looks like the following:

127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 terrance-ubuntu.local terrance-ubuntu

These entries are not distro specific.  All OSes use the same format for these lines.  Just the location of the hosts file changes.  Linux, typically it is located in the /etc/ folder, where in Windows it is typically located in C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\ folder.

Breaking that line up, you can see that I am assigning both terrance-ubuntu.local, which is my FQDN itself to override DNS so that applications know not to leave my computer, and terrance-ubuntu, which is the hostname, again so that applications know not to leave my computer or 127.0.0.1 (localhost).  Assigning my hostname of my system to 127.0.1.1 has no effect on the rest of the computers finding my host on the network.  If DNS is working properly, they will see my hostname as 10.0.0.100.  The reason for using 127.0.1.1 is for my applications to find my system quicker since it will know that my system is not out somewhere else on my network.  My actual hostname with the .local being my FQDN, the .local is actually my Domain that I setup via my router which is also another DNS server on my network.

Now, let's say that the DNS services on the local network are not assigning hostnames or FQDNs to IP addresses, but yet you know what the IP address of the host on the local network is.  You would then assign that host in your /etc/hosts file so that you don't need to type in the IP address of the host every time you want to access it.  The host might be a tool server, printer, or some other network connected system.  Add the entry like you would normally to the /etc/hosts file.

I am going to use my network connected printer for example.  It has a static IP of 10.0.0.253.  I don't know the name of it though.  For this, I want to call it hp_printer.  I will ping the IP and the hostname for it, then add to /etc/hosts.

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ ping -c 2 10.0.0.253
PING 10.0.0.253 (10.0.0.253) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.253: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.326 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.253: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.334 ms

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ ping -c 2 hp_printer
ping: unknown host hp_printer

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ sudo vi /etc/hosts
10.0.0.253 hp_printer.local hp_printer

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ ping -c 2 hp_printer
PING hp_printer.local (10.0.0.253) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from hp_printer.local (10.0.0.253): icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.334 ms
64 bytes from hp_printer.local (10.0.0.253): icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.303 ms

Now, I can also access the webpage for my printer setup at the name I gave it instead of the IP address which could be easier to remember:

Your /etc/resolv.conf file is also used by DNS to help find hostnames.  It is the configuration file for the resolver.  It provides the search domain so that you don't have to specify your FQDN all the time when you're looking for a host.  It also supplies the IP address for the DNS or nameserver of your local network.  The search line below shows the name local which is my domain name.

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
#     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
nameserver 10.0.0.1
search local

Hopefully this helps give a better understanding of how DNS and FQDNs work.


File seen on desktop but not in the command line

Try saving your text file and then closing down your text editor, Kate, completely and then look for your file in command line again.  It should be there.

The temp file with extra extension will probably disappear when you save your file or close your text editor, Kate  (or when the downloading from your web browser is finished).


Insert the „Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS _Focal Fossa_ - Release amd64 (20210204)” called CD to the /cdrom/ drive and press enter

The problem looks like you must have put your sources (where Ubuntu gets the packages) to only the install CD.
Fix this by opening the Software and Updates app, and ticking everything (you want to install) listed under Downloadable from the Internet.


Freshclam - Unable to complete download of main.cvd

I ran into a similar issue: the clamav-freshclam service was filling up /var/log/clamav/freshclam.log with these timeout failures and when I shut down that service and did a manual run of freshclam, it would get partway through and then fail out. I found that in the config file /etc/clamav/freshclam.conf there are two timeout directives, one named ConnectTimeout and the other named RecieveTimeout, both of which were set to 30 by default. I changed the ConnectTimeout to 10 (no reason to wait more than 10 seconds for a connection) and set the Receive timeout to 120 (needed way more time to pull down definition files over my anemic DSL connection) and now both freshclam and the clamav-freshclam service are both able to update properly.


Ubuntu installed on wrong disk - how to swap partition to correct disk without uninstalling

Yes its possible! But If its better to reinstall Ubuntu.

Using Clonezilla:

Download the latest Clonezilla ISO : 64bit iso from sourceforge
Either create a bootable USB or add Clonezilla Grub Entry to your GRUB
Boot into it.
Select Clone parts.
Then Clone the partition on which you have insalled Ubuntu and keep the image.
Now Make appropriate partition on your SSD.
Boot into Clonezilla
Now select "Restore Parts" and then Restore it onto your new partition.
Now boot into a Ubuntu Live USB
Reinstall GRUB

that is,

sudo mount /dev/sdxy /mnt
sudo mount /dev/sdxz /mnt/boot/efi
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
sudo chroot /mnt
grub-install /dev/sdx
update-grub
exit

NOTE : Above, I have mentioned "sdxy" as your new / partition, sdxz as your EFI partition . Please make appropriate changes. (it should be sth like sda1 or sdb2 ...)

Correct the UUID entries in the fstab file.

Open another terminal and execute :

sudo blkid

Open another terminal and execute :

sudo nano /mnt/etc/fstab

Replace the UUID entries of old partitions with new ones.
with those of the output given from the blkid command.

Now reboot.

But again, If you have just installed Ubuntu and installed no packages on it, It is preferable to do a clean installation on your required partition.


Maybe you have to try

pip install --user numpy

I am not sure and haven't done this before. I just show similar questions with python or other python based packages.

I don't think it will cause you any problem... just try!


How is it possible to install MintMenu in Ubuntu 12.04?

you can download the MintMenu package here. You can browse the Linux Mint 13 repository if the MintMenu package requires any dependencies.


PubKeyAuthentication
Set up your client

Generate your key.
ssh-keygen

Configure ssh to use the key.
vim ~/.ssh/config

Copy your key to your server.
ssh-copy-id -i /path/to/key.pub SERVERNAME`

Your config file from step 2 should have something similar to the following:
Host SERVERNAME
Hostname ip-or-domain-of-server
User USERNAME
PubKeyAuthentication yes
IdentityFile ./path/to/key

You can add IdentitiesOnly yes to ensure ssh uses the specified IdentityFile and no other keyfiles during authentication. Setting IdentitiesOnly prevents failed authentications from occurring, when ssh would otherwise attempt to login with multiple keys.  Setting this is also considered more secure, as you're not leaking information about other keys you have installed, and maintaining separation of your keys between different levels of access.
Troubleshooting

use "-vvv" option
Make sure the server has your PUBLIC key (.pub).
Make sure your IdentiyFile points to your PRIVATE key.
Make sure your .ssh directory has 700 and the files within are 600 permissions.

ssh-keygen will create files and directories for you with the proper permissions

tail -f /var/log/auth.log (on the server) and monitor errors when you attempt to login
If you have many key files, try IdentitiesOnly yes to limit the authentication to use the single, specified key.


You are searching for the task spooler command. In the Debian/Ubuntu's repositories, the pacakage to install is task-spooler and the binary to call is tsp.

In your case (&& style) you could use

tsp -d cmd1
tsp -d cmd2
tsp -d cmd3

then use

tsp -l

to inspect the status of the queue.

There are ways (-S) to increase the number of max simultanious jobs, too.


How do I set system-wide proxy servers in Xubuntu, Lubuntu or Ubuntu Studio?

System-wide proxies in Ubuntu Studio, Xubuntu and XFCE must be set via environment variables

Ubuntu Studio, like Xubuntu, uses the XFCE desktop environment which does not contain a graphical settings tool to set systemwide proxies (unlike the default Ubuntu desktop environment, Unity).

1. Set up the proxy/proxies for most programs

Open the /etc/environment file with gksudo leafpad (or your favorite editor). This file stores the system-wide variables initialized upon boot.
Add the following lines, modifying appropriately. You must duplicate in both upper-case and lower-case because (unfortunately) some programs only look for one or the other:

http_proxy=http://myproxy.server.com:8080/
https_proxy=http://myproxy.server.com:8080/
ftp_proxy=http://myproxy.server.com:8080/
no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,localaddress,.localdomain.com"
HTTP_PROXY=http://myproxy.server.com:8080/
HTTPS_PROXY=http://myproxy.server.com:8080/
FTP_PROXY=http://myproxy.server.com:8080/
NO_PROXY="localhost,127.0.0.1,localaddress,.localdomain.com"

2. Then set up proxies for GTK3 programs such as Rhythmbox:

Some newer GTK3 programs such as Rhythmbox ignore the environment variables set above, and rely on Gnome settings instead. To make sure they are covered, open a terminal and paste the below line-by-line, modifying as appropriate:

gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode 'manual'
gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http host 'myproxy.server.com'
gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http port 8080

3. Finally, set up the proxies for apt-get and Update Manager

These programs will not obey the environment variables either. Create a file called 95proxies in /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/, and include the following:

Acquire::http::proxy "http://myproxy.server.com:8080/";
Acquire::ftp::proxy "ftp://myproxy.server.com:8080/";
Acquire::https::proxy "https://myproxy.server.com:8080/";

Finally, logout and reboot to make sure the changes take effect.

Sources: 1, 2, 3. See 1 in particular for additional help, including a script to quickly turn on/off the proxies.

Scripts for turning Proxy server on/off:

Disclaimer:: Before proceeding, note that I have tried this on Lubuntu 14.04 and it is IMPORTANT that before you run the mentioned scripts, the file /etc/environment should have only one line in it i.e. '$PATH...' and there should be nothing else in the file, else you might need to modify the script's code. These scripts set and unset the proxy as described above, but they rely upon file truncation and file appending to change /etc/environment and /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/95proxies files. So make sure that:

1) /etc/environment contains only one line i.e. '$PATH:...'. And nothing else.

2) The file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/95proxies does not exist or does not have anything
important in it.

So! If you want to automate the process of turning proxy on and off without having to type allot. you can make two executable shell scripts proxyon.sh and proxyoff.sh as:

proxyon.sh:

if [ $(id -u) -ne 0 ]; then
  echo "This script must be run as root";
  exit 1;
fi

if [ $# -eq 2 ]
  then

  gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode 'manual' ;
  gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http host '$1';
  gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http port $2;

  grep PATH /etc/environment > lol.t;
  printf \
  "http_proxy=http://$1:$2/\n\
  https_proxy=http://$1:$2/\n\
  ftp_proxy=http://$1:$2/\n\
  no_proxy=\"localhost,127.0.0.1,localaddress,.localdomain.com\"\n\
  HTTP_PROXY=http://$1:$2/\n\
  HTTPS_PROXY=http://$1:$2/\n\
  FTP_PROXY=http://$1:$2/\n\
  NO_PROXY=\"localhost,127.0.0.1,localaddress,.localdomain.com\"\n" >> lol.t;

  cat lol.t > /etc/environment;

  printf \
  "Acquire::http::proxy \"http://$1:$2/\";\n\
  Acquire::ftp::proxy \"ftp://$1:$2/\";\n\
  Acquire::https::proxy \"https://$1:$2/\";\n" > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/95proxies;

  rm -rf lol.t;

  else

  printf "Usage $0 <proxy_ip> <proxy_port>\n";

fi

proxyoff.sh:

if [ $(id -u) -ne 0 ]; then
  echo "This script must be run as root";
  exit 1;
fi

gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode 'none' ;

grep PATH /etc/environment > lol.t;
cat lol.t > /etc/environment;

printf "" > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/95proxies;

rm -rf lol.t;

How to use: Once you have made these scripts, make them executable, you may keep them anywhere you like. To turn on proxy all you have to do is go to the directory containing the 'proxyon.sh' script and then you need to type sudo ./proxyon.sh {host} {port}. As an example consider this:

 $ sudo ./proxyon.sh 10.2.20.17 8080
 OR
 $ sudo ./proxyon.sh myproxy.server.com 8080

Where '10.2.20.17' is the proxy server's IP - you can also type something like myproxy.server.com - and '8080' is the port. After that just log out and login to your account, to make sure that everything is set. You can start using the internet or whatever then. And when you want to turn the proxy off, go to the directory containing 'proxyoff.sh' and type:

 $ sudo ./proxyoff.sh

This will unset all of your proxies. Now logout and login again to switch to normal mode.


How to install graphics drivers off a live usb

You can download the drivers directly from Intel here. This should correctly install the drivers for you.

Some users have reported an issue with the URL of the repository the installer adds to your system. To fix it see here.


No, rEFInd does not support manual boot stanzas for BIOS/CSM/legacy booting.

On Macs, rEFInd's BIOS-mode boot code enables booting a specific partition; but on UEFI-based PCs, rEFInd cannot do this. The reason has to do with differences in how each EFI's CSM works. It may to be possible to add partition-specific booting to UEFI-based PCs, but I don't know how.

At this point in time, I see little point in devoting effort to significantly improving or updating rEFInd's BIOS-mode boot support, since that's the old way of booting, which is a niche feature today and will almost certainly become less important in the future, particularly on UEFI-based PCs. (Note that I'm rEFInd's maintainer.) That said, if somebody wanted to see improvements in that area and so made improvements and submitted them as a patch, I'd be happy to consider including those improvements in rEFInd. I simply am not motivated to devote much time to the issue myself.


Replacing WIndows 8.1 within Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Many users find one application or game that they just cannot live without and then want to restore Windows & dual boot. Best to have good backups of efi partition and full Windows install.

How you boot install media UEFI or CSM/BIOS is how it installs. And then that is the setting you have to have in UEFI. Best to use UEFI.

Acer Aspire ES1-512-C39M Details on password and settings to enable trust on ubuntu entries

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2256083&p=13203044#post13203044

http://acer--uk.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/27071/~/how-to-enable-or-disable-secure-boot

Aspire E1-522 InsydeH20 Bios unlock -  7 min video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SkBFkzOW0A

Acer E1-531 UEFI menus.
http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/65627-63-body

Did live installer work in live mode? That tells best if it will work without added effort to install extra/special drivers.


How to change language of KDE software installed in Ubuntu

Install KDE System Settings there you can change the language. Make sure, you have the KDE language packages installed. If not, you have to install them too.

 sudo apt-get install systemsettings language-pack-kde-fr language-pack-kde-fr-base

Under Locale you can change the Languages settings.


In apt-get, is there an option to assert that a package is a certain version number?

When I had that issue, I set up a build recipe for aircrack-ng when it wasn't in repo for a time - https://askubuntu.com/a/142015/5768 .  Build recipes are beautiful things.  They're also massive rep generators for fast moving projects on launchpad, but it's not relevant any more since it's back in either universe or multiverse.


It will work if you add write permissions for your user on /mnt/mountpoint. One way would be chown username /mnt/mountpoint


Here is a simple solution, that works for both 16.04 and 18.04.
None of the above steps are necessary.
I have just purchased a Huawei E3372H, so I can save you 2 hours of time wasted on scouring your system and writing new udev rules and usb_modeswitch configurations (which is what I did, LOL).
The E3372 does not show up as a mobile broadband device. It shows up as an ethernet device in the Network Connections Manager: e.g. 'Ethernet Network (HUAWEI MOBILE)'.
Users may want to disable the 'Autoconnect' option in the 'General' tab of the connections editor, otherwise a connection will be automatically made upon boot-up/log-in.
Note, when disconneted in the network manager, the dongle light will still appear to be connected. This can be positively switched off by going to the router url (find it in network manager, Connection Information, Default Route (e.g. 192.168.1.1)) in your web-browser, and clicking on 'Disable Mobile Data'.


There are no CPU, Ram or processor requirements to dual boot. You'll just need the minimum for each operating system on its own.

You will, however, need more hard drive space. You'll want at least ~8GB for Ubuntu and probably at least ~15GB for Windows. This does not count any files you have, which you'll want more space for. If you already have Windows installed, I would recommend having at least 15GB free space for Ubuntu, software and some small files.

As per the link Karel posted in comments, you may want to try Xubuntu or Lubuntu rather than Ubuntu itself, due to your Ram/CPU. Dual booting or not will not change what Ubuntu flavor you want to install. See How do I find out which version and derivative of Ubuntu is right for my hardware in terms of minimal system requirements? for more info.

See https://askubuntu.com/a/319630/115738


Yeah , actually there was a canonical program to ship Ubuntu CD's free around the world . But that program was closed . Now you have the only way is to download the Ubuntu ISO from its official site

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop

The manuals(softcopy) you can get from Ubuntu Documentation

https://help.ubuntu.com/

for support on any information/problems/suggestions you can visit

askubuntu
and ubuntuforums


How to change the default highlighting of gedit for a specific extension

You could change /usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/language-specs files but instead copy this file to your home or you will lose changes on upgrade.
$ cp /usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/language-specs/octave.lang ~/.local/share/gtksourceview-3.0/language-specs/
change
<property name="globs">*.m</property>
to
<property name="globs"></property>

I also did some experimenting and found out objc.lang file also has the same line so you maybe need to copy and change that too.


ubuntu installer doesn't offer USB installation

if you've installed it from ubuntu's official site you should be able to create Live USB via Universal Usb Installer (UUI). For further support take a look at UUI Site

since you haven't said which OS you're using, i assume you're using windows


What's the difference between gnab/rtl8812au on GitHub and rtl8812au-dkms in my package manager?

The biggest difference between a dkms driver, and non-dkms drivers, is that dkms drivers will automatically rebuild themselves whenever you do a Software Update and the Ubuntu kernel gets updated. Non-dkms drivers usually stop working after a kernel upgrade, and will require a manual recompile and re-installation.

To see if you're running a dkms driver version, or not, use this terminal command...

dkms status

You'll see something like this...

r8168, 8.046.00, 4.15.0-36-generic, x86_64: installed
rtl8812au, 5.2.20, 4.15.0-34-generic, x86_64: installed
rtl8812au, 5.2.20, 4.15.0-36-generic, x86_64: installed
rtl8814au, 4.3.21, 4.15.0-34-generic, x86_64: installed
rtl8814au, 4.3.21, 4.15.0-36-generic, x86_64: installed

To manually determine if you're running a dkms version, look in /usr/src and see if you see a folder of the driver software, and if it contains a dkms.conf file, then it's a dkms driver.

~$ ls /usr/src/rtl8812au-5.2.20
clean      hal          Kconfig   platform               regdb
core       ifcfg-wlan0  Makefile  README.md              runwpa
dkms.conf  include      os_dep    Realtek_Changelog.txt  wlan0dhcp

Another difference could be that the github driver patches an error, or adds more hardware compatibility. Check the version info in the README file on github.

Update #1:

The Synaptic rtl8812au-dkms driver version is 4.3.8.12175 from 2014.

this requires a modification to the make command in dkms.conf to:

MAKE="'make' KVER=${kernelver}"

The gnab/rtl8812au driver version is based on 4.2.2 from 2013.
A better/newer rtl8812au version is here and it's version 5.2.20.


You can use parameter expansion and an extended glob to "normalize" the whitespace.

# enable extended globs so that +([[:space:]]) matches one or more whitespace
shopt -s extglob

# replace all occurances of one or more whitespace with a single space
prvar=${prvar//+([[:space:]])/ }

echo "blah blah blah $prvar blah blah"

This allows you to safely quote the variable. If you don't quote the variable, word splitting is not the only thing that will happen. The shell will also attempt to replace words with filenames, if they contain glob characters like *, ?, [...].


IRSSI shows Wine in "Unchanged" list in Synaptic Package Manager

IRSSI has no listed dependencies to wine, as the packages site confirms. That message indicates that there may be an upgrade awaiting, or if a package has been pinned it's state will not change (since there is no dependency). If you installed wine manually, or have made any modifications to the way it operates within Aptitude you will get that message. Unchanged ultimately indicates that during this process those packages, including wine, will not change.


Installing Ubuntu 14.04 alongside Windows 8.1

Have you backed up your data from the Windows system? Please do so before proceeding.

I manually repartitioned from the LiveUSB using Gparted first, and mine installed AOK.

Boot with the Ubuntu LiveUSB, and then launch Gparted from the System menu.*

Select and resize the Win8 NTFS partition, reducing it by at least 10GB. More is fine.

Create a new EXT4 (or whichever filesystem type you prefer) partition, leaving space for the swap file; the swap file should be sized equal to the chip memory, the RAM in your system.

Create a new swap partition as the last partition.

Click on the green check mark, confirm you want to make changes, and go make a hot beverage. Return later and the partitioning will be done. Then, proceed with the install from the LiveUSB.

-

*If Gparted is not installed, open a terminal window and do

sudo apt-get install gparted


Please try this link. I believe this is what you are looking for.

Moving Unity Launcher


Battery Power Icon won't display on top bar

Welcome to AskUbuntu, Alvaro.
To get this working on your SurfaceBook 2, you'll need to install some ACPI drivers so that the battery (and other devices) can be accessed. Here's how to do it:

Open a terminal ([Ctrl]+[Alt]+[T])
Install the necessary tools to work with the source code you're going to need:sudo apt install build-essential dkms git
Move to a "safe" working directory, for example:cd ~/Downloads
Clone the ACPI drivers from GitHub to your machine:git clone https://github.com/qzed/linux-surfacegen5-acpi
Go to the module directory:cd linux-surfacegen5-acpi/module/
Compile the module:make
Install the module:sudo insmod surfacegen5_acpi.kosudo make dkms-install

The battery indicator should appear 5~10 seconds after installing the module.