How to programatically sign into a hotspot-type network?

What a fun problem.

While I'm sure ændrük's answer would probably work, I'm slightly adverse to letting something dependant on desktop software manage the network availability.

I would suggest you play around with Python's Mechanize library. You can install it from the repositories via:

sudo apt-get install python-mechanize

Then get scripting. You need to start by finding out the stucture of the page you're submitting to. You need to find where you form comes and what fields need to be entered to submit. Once you know that, it's really as simple as just writing a quick little form parser and submitter. Mechanize does all the heavy lifting. Here's a quick example adapted from their docs on forms:

import sys
from mechanize import ParseResponse, urlopen, urljoin

# replace this with the actual login page
# you'll need to do some research
uri = "http://theloginpage.com/"

response = urlopen(uri)
forms = ParseResponse(response, backwards_compat=False)
form = forms[0]
print form
form["username"] = "your username"
form["username"] = "password"

# form.click() returns a mechanize.Request object
# (see HTMLForm.click.__doc__ if you want to use only the forms support, and
# not the rest of mechanize)
print urlopen(form.click()).read()

Depending on how their system works, this might be enough. You might have to tie in some cookie jarring to keep a session alive while they turn the connection on, but technically speaking, there's no argument why they should require that.

Then you just need to tie this into the networking system so it gets called. Loading it from /etc/network/if-up.d should work but I suggest you prefix your code with a check to make sure you're really on the hotspot that your login works for.


Methods to try out new OS releases without committing to it?

USB alternatives
USB alternatives are good, when

you want to test the performance (on bare metal)
the computer is not powerful enough to run a system well in a virtual machine

You can use a USB pendrive with at least 2GB drive space and create a

live Ubuntu system in the pendrive.
Boot from the USB pendrive and select 'Try Ubuntu' in the boot menu (and something similar with other linux distros). If you save data, install programs or tweak the system in a live (live-only) drive, it will not survive shutdown or reboot.

If you want to

try Ubuntu in a more advanced way or
save data, install programs or tweak the system and
you have/get a fast USB pendrive of at least 4 GB,

you can create a

persistent live Ubuntu system

or if you have/get a fast USB pendrive of at least 16 GB, you can create an

installed Ubuntu system (like installed in an internal drive, but in a USB pendrive).
An installed system in a USB drive is stable and flexible, can be kept up to date and tweaked without any limits. In this way it is better than a persistent live system. It is portable between computers, if you can avoid proprietary drivers, but a persistent live system is more portable.

Links

Try Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, ...) before installing it

help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick

help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick#Notes_about_speed

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/persistent

Ubuntu live from USB with full persistence and NTFS

multibootusb.org/

Boot Ubuntu from external drive

Restore a USB stick to a standard storage device

Can't format my usb drive. I have already tried with mkdosfs and gparted

Is DD Image disk writing permanent?


I solved the problem with http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2121036

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:opencpn/opencpn
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install opencpn


Upon fresh installing a list of packages dselect-upgrade returns an empty list

OK. Well, after researching on Debian bugs, I found this page about this person complaining about the new behaviour of dselect-upgrade which is seen as 'orthodox` by maintainers. Still it looks like the manpage let the users we are, completely blindfolded by the change. Warm welcome to free software :)

So the solution is pretty clear now. You need to install the dctrl-tools package:

$ sudo apt-get install dctrl-tools

Then you need to sync the database, as otherwise the new behaviour of dselect-upgrade will only let it aware of the current set of packages in the apt database.

$ sudo sync-available
Merging available database in /tmp/apt-available.80qLJ6...done.
Replacing available packages info, using /tmp/apt-available.80qLJ6.
Information about 88311 packages was updated.
$

Then proceed as usual:

$ sudo dpkg --set-selections < Xenial.16.04.Installed.Packages.GA-Z370-AORUS-G7.log
dpkg: warning: package not in database at line 29: adobereader-enu:i386
[...]
dpkg: warning: package not in database at line 7929: zint-qt
dpkg: warning: package not in database at line 7929: zint-qt-devel
dpkg: warning: found unknown packages; this might mean the available database
is outdated, and needs to be updated through a frontend method
$

This time it's fully working as I have only 32 packages not found in the database, as they are build either locally or directly available from different vendors.

$ sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  libavcodec-ffmpeg56
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  aaphoto abiword abiword-common abiword-plugin-grammar account-plugin-aim account-plugin-foursquare
  account-plugin-identica account-plugin-instagram account-plugin-jabber account-plugin-salut account-plugin-twitter
  account-plugin-yahoo acetoneiso acpica-tools acpidump activity-log-manager-control-center adequate advancecomp
[...]
  xsel xserver-xephyr xsltproc xtightvncviewer xtrans-dev xubuntu-icon-theme xutils-dev xvfb xvid4conf xzdec xzgv
  y-ppa-manager yad yasm yelp-tools youtube-dl zeitgeist zim zlib1g:i386 zlib1g-dev zsh zsh-common
0 upgraded, 6074 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 7,138 MB/7,140 MB of archives.
After this operation, 24.2 GB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] n
$

For the purpose of documenting this Ask Ubuntu question I answered no. Later I will use the process described in my question above to keep a file trace of the upgrade. But this time around it's working as expected at last!


How will the gnome2 notification area removal affect apps on Ubuntu 11.04?

Those apps will simply not have a notification area icon. The plan for skype is to use their newer proprietary library api which hopefully will integrate into empathy (and other clients) instead of using the proprietary client.


Burg have similar command line option with Grub. It should some thing like:

sudo burg-install /dev/sda

(I will update it if get more info)


There is no way of doing this at the moment. Sorry.


Ubuntu 12.10 - set alternating row colors in gtk3 TreeView

Whether or not set_rules_hint(True) will display alternating row colors is up to the theme. With Ubuntu's default, Ambience, there will not be alternating rows. As the documentation states:

  Do not use it just because you prefer the appearance of the ruled
  tree; that's a question for the theme. Some themes will draw tree rows
  in alternating colors even when rules are turned off, and users who
  prefer that appearance all the time can choose those themes. You
  should call this function only as a semantic hint to the theme engine
  that your tree makes alternating colors useful from a functional
  standpoint (since it has lots of columns, generally).

That said, you can force it if your really want. For instance, this will work in Ambience:

view.set_rules_hint(True)
style_context = self.get_style_context()
css_provider = Gtk.CssProvider()
css = """
    GtkTreeView row:nth-child(even) {
        background-color: shade(@base_color, 0.9);
    }

    GtkTreeView row:nth-child(odd) {
        background-color: shade(@base_color, 1.0);
    }
    """
css_provider.load_from_data(css.encode('UTF-8'))
screen = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
style_context.add_provider_for_screen(screen, css_provider,
                                  Gtk.STYLE_PROVIDER_PRIORITY_APPLICATION)

Though you need to be aware that it might break in other themes. Some themes will use @theme_base_color instead of @base_color You can of course hard code the color, but who knows how that will look with the user's theme...


Ubuntu 20.04 LTS VirtualBox VM stops at Black Screen before login

I've fixed the issue.
For anyone having the same issue, it was lack of storage space. I had to expand my virtual hard drive, boot to a live virtual CD, and expand the partition size.


I'd recommend Ubuntu 12.04 32-bit since it's a long term support release. You don't need the 64-bit version as you've only got 1 GB of RAM installed. If you are looking for a flavor of Ubuntu that is a little more light weight and will run a little quicker on slower hardware, I'd recommend Xubuntu which uses the XFCE window manager.


It will not affect anything negatively.  No bad performance. To make /home exist on another partition, select manual partitioning during installation from the liveCD or liveusb.

In the following images you can see the options to pick:

First, Select Manual Partitioning

Second, select the partition you want to format/partition. (In this case I have an empty hard drive. not yet partitioned).

Third, select the partition size, and the most important part is to have the MOUNT POINT entry point to /home.  This will make a partition for home. Also remember to add the root partition and swap partition.

For multiple users it will not have an effect on performance, but it will add a little bit of complexity in handling user data. For example, when upgrading to a newer version, you will not need to delete or backup the user's content since /home is in its own partition. You just need to tell the newer version that THAT partition is the one that has the /home information. That is all. It will help in upgrading faster.

For safety, it will also help since if the system has an error or the boot partition has an error, they are outside the user's partition, so the user's information is not affected (except in the case where the whole hard drive dies, but this will affect you whether you do or do not do a /home partition).


change default scan program in indicator-session-applet

I think I found a solution after examining the source code.

The only way to change it seems to be a recompiling of the package after editing src/device-menu-mgr.c and replacing all occurences of 'simple_scan' with 'xsane' there.

I really can't believe this is hard-coded - no choice for the user...

so long

hank


Muon update manager icon in system tray not updating

This is a confirmed bug of KDE 5: https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=347602

My suggestion is to wait until it is fixed. It is also suggested that using the update widget instead of the update icon in the system tray widget would work: https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=347602#c26


By using UFW you don't need to take care of iptables. UFW will to this for you.

So here's one possible explanation what could have happened:

UFW was not active at the time when testing with telnet.
Then you started UFW and the default ufw rule is deny or drop incoming traffic.
Then you've opened the port 601 for udp/tcp, but only for IPv6 by accident.
Now telnet does not work anymore, as you connect via IPv4 and your connection get's dropped/denied according to your ufw settings.

But it's not that important to find out why it did work before. More important is to make it work again, I guess. You can do so, by adding the correct UFW rules:

sudo ufw allow proto tcp from any to any port 601

And then check ufw settings with:

 sudo ufw status verbose

The output from this command should look like this, for example:

Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing), disabled (routed)
New profiles: skip

To                         Action      From
--                         ------      ----
601/tcp                    ALLOW IN    Anywhere
601/tcp (v6)               ALLOW IN    Anywhere (v6)

Then it should work again.


Well You Will Need A Windows 10 ISO And A Usb With Minimum 4GB Or Longer

With A Program Called:Rufus

1.Download The Windows 10 ISO

2.Download Rofus https://rufus.akeo.ie/

3.Put Your Usb

4.Go In A Disk And Select The Windows 10 ISO

5.Start it. Wait Until Its Finished

6.Reboot Your Laptop

7.Start Windows 10 Installation

I Hope You Fix This Soon


Just edit the file /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia to include the following screen-section to make bumblebee work:

Section "Screen"
  Identifier "Default Screen"
  Device "DiscreteNvidia"
EndSection

(To open the file for editing, run sudo gedit /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia )

After a restart of bumblebee, it works properly.


How to set a permanent IP address on "Snappy" Ubuntu Core

There seems to be a bug report here on that particular issue.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/snappy-ubuntu/+bug/1405795/+activity


I'm running Ubuntu off a USB stick, where are the files stored and do they transfer from computer to computer with the USB

If you created your USB drive with persistent storage, the files are stored in an "overlay filesystem" which resides in the USB stick, in a file called "casper-rw", which is essentially a complete ext4 filesystem containing the files created "on top" of the base installation.

The files will be maintained in the scenarios you mention, if you created the USB drive with persistent storage. You can also mount the "casper-rw" file in another Linux computer to retrieve your files.

So the key is to create the USB stick with the persistent storage option.


Where can I find the Xenial source, and instructions on building it into an ISO? (custom install CD for Ubuntu 16.04)

You can find it here

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/xenial/+package/ubuntu-minimal

Hope it helps, thanks


Have fixed the problem. Apparently my firewall was acting like a shredder. The solution was:

sudo iptables --flush
sudo iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
sudo iptables-save

Result: established a ssh connection with my server through on of the devices and successfully mounted the nfs share.

A colleague advised me to also slightly change the /etc/exports for safety reasons:

/export/storage 192.168.0.0/24(rw,sync,insecure,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)

And later on installed iptables-persistent so the changes to my firewall settings remain after reboots. Hope this helps anyone else bumping into a similar problem.


Intro

You can set it up the way you want.

The HAProxy software can be used as the load balancer. You can also use ningx. I would suggest you don't use Apache to do load balancing. It's not well design for such. You can also get a preset load balancer from most clouds.

Load Balancers

One limit with a load balancer: if that piece of hardware fails, you may have a powerful set of systems behind, it will be useless.

So in most cases you want at least two load balancers if you want to make sure to always be available.

On my end, I'm creating a system called Snap! Websites which ultimately will load balance all its front ends automatically (i.e. the load balancer will be incorporated.) It's not yet implemented, but the idea is that requests arrive on any computer and if the computer is already overloaded, it will forward the request to another front end computer. The huge advantage here is that all the front ends have to die before you lose all services.

Backends

With a load balancer setup, the other computers, the ones actually running your services, can then be setup as backends. One advantage here is that you may be able to get better security (i.e. only port 80/443 open between front and backend).

Without any load balancers, the services run on the front end and that means all the ports opened on those front end will give hackers a chance to attack your system.

3 Computers, no Load Balancers, how does that even work?

Since your websites is going to have one URL, having 3 computers would not really help if your URL always returns the same IP address. To make this work, you need to setup your DNS to return those three addresses. It's simple, just enter the same address three times and change the IP.

Here is an example for 'www' with 6 servers:

www   60 IN A 10.0.0.1
www   60 IN A 10.0.0.2
www   60 IN A 10.0.0.3
www   60 IN A 10.0.0.4
www   60 IN A 10.0.0.5
www   60 IN A 10.0.0.6

This is going to use a cheap round robin mechanism. This means it is not going to check whether a server is very busy or not. It will just send the next IP whenever a computer requests the DNS.

An important fact about these IPs, I put 60 as the cache duration. This is heavier on the DNS, but that means the user has to get a new IP every minute. This ensures that the computers are rotated. Although in most cases a browser is likely to keep the same IP address for way more than 1 minute (from my experience). I think that's not the browser that decides, or it just caches the IP for the time you are using that one website. If you close the window they may do a new lookup. In any event, that is cheap and works well, but if you can have a load balancer, it's much better.

Bottlenecks

Also you want to watch out for bottlenecks.

If your application makes use of a MySQL or PostgreSQL database and you put 10 front end computers but only one database computer, that's going to be your bottleneck. Querying the database is going to be slow if you are servicing 1,000 requests on each 10 front end... that's 10,000 hits to one computer running the database and that's probably the slowest part in your entire app.

There are two main resolutions for data: use a system such as Cassandra or make your MySQL/PostgreSQL databases run on multiple machines (it's doable, I've not tried it yet but I work with a company that has PostgreSQL distributed.)

With a system such as Cassandra, all the data is distributed among all the computers used to run the database. With a system such as MySQL/PostgreSQL, they break down the data per table in general. So some tables may still be slow. That being said, in newer versions, they may have much better solutions. I'm a little behind on SQL parallelization.

There are other problems in a cluster that need to be thought carefully. For example, if you try to change some data from multiple computers, you probably need a lock. An SQL database has such, if you use a BEGIN + INSERT/UPDATE + COMMIT, you'll be good. Otherwise you're likely to mess your data up. A solution to avoid problems is to use a cluster lock (Zookeeper offers such). Your app. locks, then does the transaction, and finally unlocks. Then you'll enter the world of: what if the lock times out before the SQL transaction is applied. Fun fun fun...


When I run that on a random file, I got a syntax issue. You need to quote the command:

cat $Filetemp | parallel --pipe 'sed -e "s/[[:space:]]\+/ /g"' > standard.txt

If that still doesn't work for you, test echo $Filetemp (or pick a file manually) or remove the redirection so you can see the output as it happens (just in case there's some sort of weird overwriting issue).


simplescan --fix-pdf fails with a segmentation fault

Broken PDFs in Simple Scan

Since version 2.32 Simple Scan has had a bug where it generates PDF files with invalid cross-reference tables.

The good news is this bug is now fixed, and will work correctly in simple-scan 3.2; thanks to Rafał Mużyło who diagnosed this.

You may not have noticed this bug as a number of PDF readers handle these types of failures and rebuild the table (e.g. Evince).  It was noticed that some versions of Adobe Reader do not handle these failures.

this is the fix


How can I convert my FLAC music collection to Apple Lossless?

avconv (or ffmpeg, which avconv is a fork of) can do this from the command line:

avconv -i input.flac -c:a alac output.m4a

It should preserve the metadata by itself.

To do every flac in a directory:

for f in ./*.flac; do avconv -i "$f" -c:a alac "${f%.*}.m4a"; done

To do every flac recursively (in the current directory and all sub-directories):

shopt -s globstar
for f in ./**/*.flac; do avconv -i "$f" -c:a alac "${f%.*}.m4a"; done

If you've got the flacs in ogg files or something, obviously change ./*.flac to ./*.ogg.

I think this should work with avconv/ffmpeg from the repositories (since ALAC is released under the Apache license, and can be legally distributed), though I have the version from medibuntu installed.

If you want to get rid of the original files, you can put rm into the loop. This version uses the -n flag for avconv, so it will not overwrite any already-existing ALAC files, and using && instead of ; means that if avconv stops with an error then the original FLAC file will not be deleted:

for f in ./*.flac; do avconv -n -i "$f" -c:a alac "${f%.*}.m4a" && rm "$f"; done

Note that deleting files with rm is irreversible (outside of forensic data recovery), so be careful using it.


Sure, you can install Visual Basic in linux1 via wine but why bother when you can use a native app instead? Gambas2 is a full-featured object language and development environment built on a BASIC interpreter.

According to its creator, Benoît Minisini, Gambas does not try to be compatible with Visual Basic. Instead, Gambas is an improvement over VB6. He claims that Gambas' syntax and internals are far better than that of VB6:

Gambas is a free development environment based on a Basic interpreter with object extensions, a bit like Visual Basic™ (but it is NOT a clone!).

Gambas includes an interpreter, a compiler, an archiver, and a graphical Integrated Development Environment or IDE.Visual Basic Alternative in Linux

To download Gambas, and more info check out the website.


How do I upgrade Ubuntu OS from 32 to 64 bit?

As far as I know you can upgrade from older to newer versions of Ubuntu, but not from 32 to 64 bit. Even if it were possible, you could face so many unexpected hardware surprises so I would strongly recommend you go for a clean install.

Here's the link for Ubuntu 16.04.2 Desktop 64-bit iso.


sddm not starting after upgrade to 16.04, gnome and kde both installed

Switch your default DM to lightdm by using this command:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

You will be presented with a option box.  Choose lightdm, press TAB to select the OK button, and press enter.

You can also disable and uninstall SDDM by using these two commands:

systemctl disable sddm

sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove sddm

Reboot when finished.


How I can change the GDM login screen wallpaper?

Also worth mentioning with Ubuntu Artful 17.10, you can revert to the default Gnome 3 theme experience with:

sudo update-alternatives --config gdm3.css

And selecting the default gnome-shell.css option.

Source: https://didrocks.fr/2017/09/11/ubuntu-gnome-shell-in-artful-day-11/


How to make quicklist for VLC Media Player with playback controls

You can do this but seems more of a pita than worth considering there is a vlc appindicator or systray icon. (the systray icon works better than the indicator

Anyway vlc will respond to  global hotkeys, then you'd use something like xdotool in your quicklist

The pita part is you'd need to create & set  global hotkeys in vlc that don't conflict with anything else, then test that they work in vlc.

So as an example for pause, setting the global for 'pause' to ctrl+alt+p in vlc, see screen (you could do the play/pause toggle instead so only 1 quicklist entry needed

Then the quicklist entry, using xdotool which needs to be installed

[Pause Shortcut Group]
Name=Pause
Exec=xdotool key ctrl+alt+p
TargetEnvironment=Unity

Depending on what version of vlc you have after setting a global hotkey the next time you open the settings window it may not be displayed but will still be valid. Overall as mentioned a pita


The problem was a networking error with the LiDAR and the PC. The IP Address was slightly off and was found by using SOPAS to set the IP Address as the same as the computer and adjusting the last digit in the IP Address to a different value.

PC IP: 169.254.149.???
LiDAR IP: 169.254.149.XXX

After this, the error on the ubuntu side was that the wired connection was not connecting appropriately due to the IP error. It was also not staying connected so I then used the network manager to change IPv4 to a link-Local Only to allow for the connection to be secured. Now the node sick_tim_5xx.launch was able to be executed with no errors


How do I see the DNS hint file (root name servers)?

You won't find this hint file on every computer. Usually this is only needed when you run a nameserver like BIND, Unbound etc. Those nameservers need the information about the root servers.

If you want to find out how such a hint file looks, you can go to ftp://ftp.rs.internic.net/domain/ and download the file db.cache. You also can enter the command

dig . ns

to get the contents of the hints file.

When you do a DNS query your computer usually asks your /etc/hosts file first. If it doesn't find an answer there, it will ask the nameserver (see contents of /etc/resolv.conf) for an answer. The nameserver will then either have the answer in its cache or ask the root servers and later other nameservers until the right answer arrives. So there is no need for a hint file on your local computer.


Unable to boot ubuntu 12.10 after installing latest amd catalyst drivers

Good on you for trying out Linux!

I had the same problem with my AMD Radeon HD 7770, and after a bit of research I found out that other people had been having problems with the update. It basically amounts to Ubuntu 12.10 not being compatible with the 12.10 AMD Catalyst driver.

You are going to have to download and install the Catalyst 12.11 Beta driver for it to work (updated driver now available at support.amd.com). The gist of the tutorial can be found over on wiki.cchtml.com, but I'll restate it here. If you encounter any problems, head over to the tutorial, it has some great troubleshooting advice.

Start off by removing your previously installed Catalyst/fglrx drivers. Everything will be done directly from the terminal, which can be accessed via Ctrl+Alt+T OR Ctrl+Alt+F1 (Ctrl+Alt+F7 to return back, out of tty, to Gnome). From the terminal, type the following:

sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev*

Once that's done, reinstall some of the components your Catalyst driver overrode:

sudo apt-get install build-essential cdbs dh-make dkms execstack dh-modaliases linux-headers-generic

If you're using a 64 bit architecture, install this too:

sudo apt-get install lib32gcc1

Now, install the 13.2 beta Catalyst driver from the AMD website (a newer driver may be available):

wget -c http://www2.ati.com/drivers/beta/amd-driver-installer-catalyst-13.2-beta6-linux-x86.x86_64.zip
unzip amd-driver-installer-catalyst-13.2-beta6-linux-x86.x86_64.zip
chmod +x amd-driver-installer-catalyst-13.2-beta6-linux-x86.x86_64.run

Create and install the .deb packages:

sudo sh ./amd-driver-installer-catalyst-13.2-beta6-linux-x86.x86_64.run --buildpkg Ubuntu/quantal
sudo dpkg -i fglrx*.deb

Before rebooting your computer, edit the ATI signature file via "nano" or "gedit":

sudo nano /etc/ati/signature

OR

sudo gedit /etc/ati/signature

By replacing the "UNSIGNED" line with the following code:

9777c589791007f4aeef06c922ad54a2:ae59f5b9572136d99fdd36f0109d358fa643f2bd4a2644d9efbb4fe91a9f6590a145:f612f0b01f2565cd9bd834f8119b309bae11a1ed4a2661c49fdf3fad11986cc4f641f1ba1f2265909a8e34ff1699309bf211a7eb4d7662cd9f8e3faf14986d92f646f1bc

Make sure to save before/on closing the file.

That will remove the AMD "Testing" watermark (which you will now never see) from the bottom right of your screen when you reboot (source).

Now go ahead and reboot your computer.

Last but not least, initialise your new driver, again from the terminal:

sudo amdconfig --initial -f

If this runs without a hitch, quickly test that everything is working as it should:

fglrxinfo

If you receive something like this as an output, you're all set:

display: :0.0  screen: 0
OpenGL vendor string: ATI Technologies Inc.
OpenGL renderer string: ATI Radeon HD 4550 (This line may be different depending on what graphics card you are using.)
OpenGL version string: 3.3.11566 Compatibility Profile Context (This line may be different depending on what graphics card and
Catalyst version you are using.)

Remember, if you have any problems with the install, refer yourself to the tutorial on wiki.cchtml.com.

Good luck!


Ubuntu Crashing on Install, Beating Head for 2 Days

To me this sounds like it could be the USB. One time this happened to me it was because the USB kept overheating and failing when it was installing. Another time because the usb had faulty memory. This was a problem with the really small usbs, not the long stick ones. I would try a reliable USB first, then try rufus to burn the USB.


How do I enable my application to write in home/**user**/.config?

It is not good that this directory inside your home directory is owned by root.

Did you maybe run any configuration scripts etc. as root?

Anyway, please execute:

sudo chown -R scaffrey:scaffrey /home/scaffrey/.config/sublime-text-3/

That should return the ownership of all files and directories below and including this one back to your user.

And please don't forget: Never mess around with normal graphical programs with sudo. At least use gksudo, if it is really necessary, but try to avoid it anyway!


It may be shutting down to prevent overheating. Have you checked that the CPU temperature is not reaching dangerous levels?


What is the correct way to set config options to a juju service unit with a file?

Well, it is working as of now (6-21-12) with the current beta version of juju. One needs to issue a
juju set charm-name --config /path/to/extra-config.yaml
It is important to change the config file or add a revision field for the
config-changed hook to trigger. The hook will not trigger if the extra config file was previously set and is unchanged.


How do I install Ubuntu from USB in debian?

Bootable ISO images contain a partition table and boot record, and thus must be written to a disk rather than to a partition. The dd command you ran wrote the ISO image to sdd1, which is the first partition of the disk sdd. Write it just to sdd instead.

dd if=path/to/iso of=/dev/sdd

Of course, as ubuntu_tr says, always check that sdd is actually the correct device, or you might overwrite and destroy data on a totally different drive. I've made this sort of mistake, and while my backups saved me, it was a considerable inconvenience! Remember that a removable device's device node entry can change between mounts. (And if there are other systems you administer, make sure you're not accidentally SSH'd into one of them and inadvertently running dd on it remotely.)

Ubuntu users--people using Ubuntu to write the Ubuntu (or other) ISO image to the flash drive--will need to run dd with sudo:

sudo dd if=path/to/iso of=/dev/sdd

On Debian (the OS that Arman's using to create Ubuntu installation media), sudo is one of multiple widely used and supported options, the main other being to su to root with a separate root password. In contrast, Ubuntu systems almost always require sudo to run a command as root.


aptitude unable to find dependencies, broken packages

I would suggest

 aptitude update
 aptitude upgrade
 aptitude install openssh-server

and you can replace aptitude with apt-get systematically.

But I would believe that https://askubuntu.com/ is a better place to ask.


"Attempted to read/write outside of hd0" after install Lubuntu alongside Windows 7

Well that was harder than it had to be.

I added a seperate boot partition (after external advice) and reinstalled. Linux now booted, but because I moved the partitions around to fit a /boot partition, Windows no longer booted. This was to be expected, so I repaired Windows using the system recovery disk, and ran grub-update after chrooting into /dev/sda6. Now GRUB only detected Windows. At this point I gave up and used boot-repair, which advised me to reinstall GRUB2. I did, and now it works!


Sure you can, but since it works by reading a raw partition, you cannot use it to recover files from a mounted filesystem. That means that if you're trying to recover data from an external storage medium or an unmounted partition, it'll work. On the other hand, if you try to recover data from a mounted partition (e.g. one that is part of your running Ubuntu installation), you won't be able to reliable do so.

That brings you to a Live environment: all partitions are unmounted and you can safely perform read operations on a partition and write it to an external storage device.


Any way to install python 3.4 on Ubuntu 18.04?

By compile the binary:

Download the zip package of python3.4 from here

extract it and enter in the folder

execute: ./configure
execute: make -j 4 If you have more core insert the number of core of your cpu
execute: make test -j 4 same as above, OPTIONAL but suggested!
execute: sudo make install

If you find the binary package you can skip the compilation steps.

Install virtualenv:

sudo apt install virtualenv

then create a virtual environment with desired python version:

virtualenv --python=python3.4 --clear --always-copy --setuptools .venv
virtualenv .venv --distribute

note: .venv is the path where virtual environment is installed

Alternative to a virtual environment you can use the python executable directly from path you choose, but I recommend you to use a virtual environment, keep your system more clean.

to activate the virtual environment execute the bash script perform following steps:

source .venv/bin/activate

to exit from the virtualenv

exit will close the terminal and the virtualenv.

You can also configure mostly of IDE to use the python virtual env.


How to change the color depth in Ubuntu 12.04?

A quick way would be to change the screen section in xorg.conf

  /etc/X11/xorg.conf

In the screen section you will find Depth and/or DefaultDepth, make these 24 and you will have 16bpp colors upon restart.

If you do not have a xorg.conf yet, you can find here how to make one.


Although the Chromium devs have announced their intent to go snap only eighteen months ago, they're not there yet.  "In most cases, Chromium is directly available in the official repository of each Linux distribution."

You can still install the Chromium Browser without snap with sudo apt update && sudo apt install chromium chromium-l10n and you can still download the binaries to compile it yourself.

Why Snaps?

"Snaps, and the tool for using them, snapd, work across a range of Linux distributions (which use systemd), allowing distribution-agnostic upstream software packaging" per https://snapcraft.io/ .

Since the snap is a compressed file containing all dependencies , it's easier on developers as well as users. Since developers write neat stuff which make running Linux worthwhile, they like it.


Performance issues after upgrading to 19.04

The answer was posted in comments:

When I unplug my T470s from the Lenovo USB-C-Dock, the temperature of the CPU drops by 30 degrees. The fan gets down to 0 RPM.
–  hage on Apr 30 '19 at 13:58

replugging the dock seems to not raise up that behaviour again, so it seems like, after finishing the upgrade to 19.04, you will have to replug your machine to the dock, in case you are using one (especially if it is the 40AC0135 from Lenovo)
– hage on Apr 30 '19 at 15:16


Beware the .PST files are limited in size by design, i do not recommend using THAT big size into a single file. I use netcat for mail, when no Web avaliable.


Is there any way to sign libreoffice document on ubuntu using ePass2003 Auto USB token

I work for Signer.Digital and it provides:
Free pdf signing service and works from Windows and Linux: Signer.Digital.  The USB token or Smartcard is accessed on browsers using browser extension which is again free. Installation steps are given on above portal itself.  The similar software and libraries is available for Windows and Linux Ubuntu also for direct deployment or integration with user's web application.
Ubuntu extension host may be downloaded from Signer.Digital portal.


Ubuntu 16.04 Error: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available

Start Software & Updates from the dash, and go to the Authentication tab to delete incorrect keys.

You can try installing y-ppa-manager from Synaptic, and then start PPA Manager from the Dash. Click on the Advanced icon, and then choose import all missing gpg keys.

Update #1:

To add the PPA...

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager
sudo y-ppa-manager


Configuring Permissions for FTP and Apache

A better and more secure solution (i get uneasy with the internet having access to an admins home folder!) is to create a webroot folder in /

Terminal time!

cd /
sudo mkdir /webroot
sudo groupadd webdev
sudo usermod -a -G webdev yourusername
sudo chown www-data:webdev /webroot/

Now point apache to your new document root /webroot at the bottom of your apache config.  This can be found here: /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

CTRL-O to save, CTRL-X to exit in nano if you are not familiar with it.

Simply replace DocumentRoot /var/www/ with /webroot/

Copy your webfiles now to webroot.

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 reload

Apache should now have restarted with all the configurations loaded.

This has created a directory in root called webroot, owned by apache2, and group owner is the new group webdev, which your user is now appended to member of (this does not replace any groups!).  This will allow you to edit the files in the FTP!

This is a very simple solution for a one-website apache server.  More work is required if you plan on running multiple sites (creating separate folders for them in webroot for example)

The advantages of this are that if someone does find a vulnerability, they are locked into the webroot folder, and not your home folder!  Also if you ever needed to allow any more users to modify the site, you can add their user to the webdev group with sudo usermod -a -G theirusername webdev

Hope this helps!

Kind Regards


Unable to mount external NTFS HDDs due to duplicate UUID

To mount an NTFS drive we can also use a disk label only. We can safely change the label from Windows or by using ntfslabel . See

Constant UUID on USB install
How to rename partitions?

Needless to say that by using ntfslabel we can also change a partition's UUID (aka serial number). To avoid negative effects on the UUID dependent Windows file allocation we should only change the upper part of the UUID (which is not used by Windows):

sudo ntfslabel --new-half-serial[=ssssssss] /dev/sdXN

Example:


You signed up for Ask Ubuntu today and this is your first question on Ask Ubuntu, so maybe you don't know that VLC 2.26 is an Ubuntu snap package. In order to install it open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install snapd
sudo snap install vlc


Need to free space in /boot to update. don't see duplicate kernels... HELP!

Each time you upgrade the kernel, the older versions are kept, just in case something goes wrong with the new one, and these accumulate over time, that's why you eventually ran out of space.

You can check out which versions are installed by running: dpkg -l linux-image-\* | grep ^ii. And then remove them using: sudo apt-get remove --purge .... Just remember to exclude the latest and the currently running one in case something goes wrong (Use uname to find out).

You can also use sudo apt-get autoremove --purge, it automatically figures out which packages aren't needed anymore. Just remember to check all the important features are working correctly before removing older kernels.


How to diagnose problems with a DVD drive?

To make your drive region free you need to flash new firmware onto it so that the drive itself will not check the region.  This is knows as RPC1, search for  rpc1.org.  New drives won't read "out of region" DVDs.


OK, here we go...

FIRST, do a backup of sda5!

Boot to the Ubuntu Live DVD and start gparted.

right-click on sda9 and issue a swapoff
right-click on sda10 and delete it
right-click on sda9 and issue a move/resize
place the pointer in the center of the partition, it'll change to a hand icon, and MOVE the partition all the way left
click the APPLY icon
right-click on sda9 and issue a swapon
right-click on sda5 and issue a move/resize
MOVE the partition all the way left, the same way as you did before
RESIZE sda5 by dragging the RIGHT-SIDE-HANDLE all the way to the right
click the APPLY icon
reboot the computer


I don't know if you have tried this

Open a terminal, type

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

change the line

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi=force"

and run

update-grub


How to use TeleTalk internet in Ubuntu 16.04

I solved it incidentally :)

From the Network Icon:

I choose "Edit Connections"
Then clicked "Add"
Choose "Mobile Broadband" from the dropdown menu
Then choose "ZTE WCDMA Technologies MSM" from the dropdown menu (May be it's listed because the modem was inserted)
Then choose my country "Bangladesh"
But the operator was not in the list, so I checked the radio button for "Can't find..." and inserted "TeleTalk" manually.
Then choose "My Plan is not listed"
Below there's a field for APN (Access Point Name). Contact with TeleTalk for the APN and insert it here. Insert "wap" there.

I'm using TeleTalk internet from my Ubuntu 16.04 installation, and posting the Q&A here. :)


Check the ownership of your home directory's "hidden" files, the ones starting with a dot, e.g.

 ls -Al

They should all be owned by you. root ownership probably crept in when you did the startx, and that will mess you up.  The contents of the root owned directories should be changed back too, e.g.

chown -R username:username .config

.dbus should be owned by you, so change it (and its contents).  Then probably just reboot and login again.


Even after removing vlan entry in /etc/network interfaces file, ifconfig is showing the intreface

Edit /etc/network/interfaces

sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

Remove the vlan entries

Now you have to restart the interface

sudo ifdown eth0

you can ignore the error if it appears here
then

sudo ifup etho

Now check again ifconfig

If it still shows that entry you may need to make a system reboot.


Stuck on boot splash screen after chown -R user /*

Resetting the owner names and owning group names can take many hours. Basically you need another partition (or Live USB with persistence and all the Apps installed) and then clone the permissions from the working installation to the broken one:

Set myself as owner of /etc with chown command now getting all kinds of errors

Although I didn't intentionally do this on my own system, I was developing a script and before fully debugged it peformed chown on /etc and some other system directories. I used the information in the above accepted answer and wrote my own script to fix the owner name and owning group name for every file.
Most people would simply reinstall the system and all the apps previously installed. However for myself I couldn't remember all the configuring I've done in /etc and elsewhere over five years so writing a script seemed the path of least resistance.


Fixed by Mike Strand.

Cause was the ownership and permission of the sandbox files.

In this order, type the following into the terminal (ctrl + alt + t):

sudo chown root:$USER /opt/google/chrome/chrome-sandbox
sudo chmod 4755 /opt/google/chrome/chrome-sandbox


Double Ubuntu entry in BIOS boot options

Type sudo efibootmgr -v in an Ubuntu Terminal window to view all your EFI entries in detail. Chances are the two ubuntu entries will differ, in that one will boot shimx64.efi and the other will boot grubx64.efi. If Secure Boot is disabled on your computer, both entries will work; but if you enable Secure Boot, chances are only the shimx64.efi entry will work. I don't know why Ubuntu registers both entries, since the shimx64.efi entry should work whether Secure Boot is enabled or not.

In principle, you could remove one entry with efibootmgr -b #### -B, where #### is the hexadecimal number associated with the entry you want to delete. I've seen reports of Ubuntu adding these entries back, but I've never looked into the issue in any detail.

In the end, having two ubuntu entries is harmless. At worst, it's a bit of extra clutter when you use the firmware's boot manager or need to adjust entries with efibootmgr or similar tools.


Ironically it was a different page on this site regarding the alteration of nvidia drivers which brought me to this site today, and it is why I'm trying to get my points up.  I have a LOT TO SAY about the advice offered there, and I feel many of those giving the advice are not giving especially good advice, or specifically offering some relatively harmful advice.  Thanks to your question, I may be able to offer some of the advice here that I would have added there.

Please open a terminal and type:

  dpkg -l | grep -i nvidia

This will show you a list of what has been installed.  Removing each package you don't want is not too hard with the apt-get purge command, but you have to do it separately for each package or risk removing a package which is apparently harmful to remove, hence my desire to post a comment to that thread, as I figured out a harmless way to do that.

My advice to you or to anyone else wishing to install particular nvidia drivers without the headaches is to install the Synaptic Package Manager (which can be found in your Ubuntu Software Center, if you have not already installed it).  Once in Synaptic you can type NVIDIA and peruse all sorts of packages, but more importantly you can return there to an installation log and UNDO your previous mistake.  Being able to retrace your steps and undo your failures is a very important feature.

PERSONALLY I'm thankful I found the pages here as they helped me to remove some nvidia drivers which had been plaguing my installation for the past six months or so.  As I understand it, these drivers aren't necessarily needed anymore since apparently it is no longer necessary to use Nvidia's proprietary drivers in order to make their graphics cards work right.


Screen brightness decreases with several gnome-screenshot instances open

gnome-screenshot marks the photographed area by making it slightly darker. That is why your whole screen turns darker after each use without closing the gnome-screenshot window. You can see this effect, if you are screenshotting single non-maximized windows using Alt + Print. The window area will become darker. You can see this more easily when moving other windows around or bringing them to the front.

I do not know of a configuration option to fix this annoyance, so your workaround is the only solution. As an alternative, you can use GIMP for taking screenshots.

Related question: How to get rid of grey area after gnome screenshot being executed.


Building Mysql Workbench for Ubuntu Xenial Xerus

you can follow these instructions and see if it fits the bill.    http://mysqlworkbench.org/contribute/mysql-workbench-linux-build-instructions/


Devhelp requires documentation in specific format (.devhelp files, presumably generated with gtk-doc), it won't automatically pick documentation from all *-doc packages present on your system.

Edit: PHP documentation is still available in /usr/share/doc/php-doc/html once you install php-doc package. However, probably more robust solution is to download PHP documentation in CHM format and use it with some CHM viewer like ChmSee or xCHM.


as you can see libc6 2.15 is used in ubuntu 12.04, so you have to find and add a external repository, "sideload"/install it manually or compile it yourself if you need a newer version...

as ubuntu 12.04 is supported for just another year, i would suggest you to upgrade anyway to a newer (lts-)release! - if it is possible wait 2 months and get 16.04 lts (supported until 2021).


Why does the problem "npm WARN deprecated request@2.88.2: request has been deprecated" occur?

There is a bug in the latest version of firebase-tools, you can try using a slightly older version.
First, remove the installed version of firebase-tools
sudo npm uninstall -g firebase-tools

Now, install npm i firebase-tools@7.13.0
npm install -g firebase-tools@7.13.0

To confirm, type '' node in terminal and try to import the package using require, you should have a similar output as below


"do-release-upgrade" - told to install all updates but I have just done that and still get the message?

I solved it with:
sudo apt list --upgradable -a

and then installing manually those packages with the old sudo apt-get install ....


The output of

grep -Hn 'mkdir.*go' ~/.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc ~/.profile /etc/profile

is

/home/agrim/.bashrc:117:mkdir ~/go

which means in your ~/.bashrc, you have the command mkdir ~/go at line number 117, hence it is being run every time you are starting an interactive shell.

You need to remove that line to get rid of the warning.

You can:

Use a text editor like gedit, nano, vim (whatever you prefer), go to line number 117 and remove the line (or put a # infront)
Or use sed with pattern matching

sed -i '/^mkdir[[:blank:]]\+~\/go$/ d' /home/agrim/.bashrc

Or remove the specific line (line number 117) with sed:

sed -i '117 d' /home/agrim/.bashrc


Kubuntu 18.04 doesn't show on GRUB after installing Kubuntu 20.04 on a second disk

The real problem was that that the new GRUB installation didn't lie the filesystem of the old instalation (btrfs). This solution solved the problem:https://askubuntu.com/questions/967172/grub2-does-not-detect-btrfs-partition


Need battery applet for Awesome WM and Ubuntu 14.04

Just did it yesterday for my laptop :)

To get the battery status there is quite simple tool called acpi, you need to install it first:

sudo apt-get install acpi

Then if you run it you'll have something like this:

acpi
Battery 1: discharging, 44%, 00:18:48 remaining

So now you just need to create a widget which will run this command and the output in on the wibox - to display it.

For awesome 3.4:

batterywidget = widget({ type = "textbox" })
batterywidget.text = " | Battery | "
batterywidgettimer = timer({ timeout = 5 })
batterywidgettimer:add_signal("timeout",
  function()
    fh = assert(io.popen("acpi | cut -d, -f 2,3 -", "r"))
    batterywidget.text = " |" .. fh:read("*l") .. " | "
    fh:close()
  end
)
batterywidgettimer:start()

For awesome 3.5:

batterywidget = wibox.widget.textbox()
batterywidget:set_text(" | Battery | ")
batterywidgettimer = timer({ timeout = 5 })
batterywidgettimer:connect_signal("timeout",
  function()
    fh = assert(io.popen("acpi | cut -d, -f 2,3 -", "r"))
    batterywidget:set_text(" |" .. fh:read("*l") .. " | ")
    fh:close()
  end
)
batterywidgettimer:start()

And then add it to wibox in your rc.lua:

right_layout:add(batterywidget)


With Ubuntu 18.04, how can I have a hot corner that locks the computer?

First you need to install a GNOME shell extension called CustomCorner to be able to activate hot-corners.

Then open the extension's preferences and choose a corner, and select 'Run Command'.

In the command box, use the following

dbus-send --type=method_call --dest=org.gnome.ScreenSaver /org/gnome/ScreenSaver org.gnome.ScreenSaver.Lock

Alternatively, you can use

gnome-screensaver-command --lock

if you have the gnome-screensaver package installed.


usb flash drive is not mounting: "no such file or directory"

First, you have to check whether the flash drive is recognized or not. We do that by using the lsblk command, on terminal.

Example:

ritesh ~> lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 111.8G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0   512M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2   8:2    0 107.4G  0 part /
└─sda3   8:3    0   3.9G  0 part [SWAP]
sdc      8:32   1   3.7G  0 disk
└─sdc1   8:33   1   3.7G  0 part
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

Here, /dev/sdc1 is the device file for my USB drive. If you cannot find your flash drive, then there might be a hardware problem.
If you find the device file, proceed.

Now, you can try to mount through terminal, using the mount command.
The syntax is:

sudo mount [device file] [location where you want to mount]

Example:

ritesh ~> sudo mount /dev/sdc1 /media
[sudo] password for ritesh:
ritesh ~> lsblk

If you cannot mount the flash drive and you do not care about the file names, you can use PhotoRec from TestDisk to recover your data. (it works!)

Download TestDisk from www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Download
Now, once you have downloaded the testdisk-7.0.linux26-x86_64.tar.bz2 file, extract it, either using Archive Manager or using the tar command.
Once you have extracted it, in the testdisk directory, you will find the photorec_static file: execute it using sudo.

Example:

ritesh ~> cd Downloads/
ritesh Downloads> tar -xf testdisk-7.0.linux26-x86_64.tar.bz2
ritesh Downloads> cd testdisk-7.0/
ritesh testdisk-7.0> ls
Android.mk  documentation.html  INFO  photorec.8       README           THANKS
AUTHORS     fidentify.8         jni   photorec.ses     readme.txt       VERSION
ChangeLog   fidentify_static    l     photorec_static  testdisk.8
COPYING     icons               NEWS  qphotorec.8      testdisk_static
ritesh testdisk-7.0> sudo ./photorec_static

Now, as the photorec_static file executes you just have to follow some simple steps to recover the files on your flash drives.

Photorec runs in the terminal and it looks like this:

PhotoRec 7.0, Data Recovery Utility, April 2015
Christophe GRENIER <grenier@cgsecurity.org>
http://www.cgsecurity.org

  PhotoRec is free software, and
comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.

Select a media (use Arrow keys, then press Enter):
>Disk /dev/sda - 120 GB / 111 GiB (RO) - KINGSTON SUV300S37A120G
 Disk /dev/sdc - 3918 MB / 3736 MiB (RO) - Kingston DT 100 G2

>[Proceed ]  [  Quit  ]

Note:
Disk capacity must be correctly detected for a successful recovery.
If a disk listed above has incorrect size, check HD jumper settings, BIOS
detection, and install the latest OS patches and disk drivers.

I have successfully recovered 320 GB of files from my external hard disk using photorec.


Xubuntu keeps resetting workspace count to 1

Please check this file:
 ~/.config/xfce4/xfconf/xfce-perchannel-xml/xfwm4.xml

It is where the numbers of workspaces are defined in xfce.


How can I stop Telephony Service Indicator from popping up with all my chats?

Apparently this popup has something to do with my Google account being linked in Online Accounts. In that settings menu, I turned off Empathy's association with Google, and the Telephony Service Indicator popups stopped. Weird.


if you use liveCD, then probably would be a problem, so have you ever tried to use usb boot? that is best to work one.


Try clicking here to install libgtkglext1.
When it opens the Software Center, does it show it as installed or not? If not, install this package and try installing MegaTunix from the .deb archive again.


How to allow desktop to be used in Kubuntu 15.04

Documents

KDE Userbase Plasma: https://userbase.kde.org/Plasma

To start

Right click the desktop - unlock the widgets if they are locked

Left click the toolbox or right click the desktop - pick the Desktop Settings.

Change the Wallpaper type to Folder View


Enclose your DocumentRoot in quotes

DocumentRoot "/media/omk/New Volume2/Server"

Same goes for the directory directive.

<Directory "/media/omk/New Volume2/Server/">

To change the Volume name you can just remount the drive.

sudo umount /media/omk/New\ Volume2 note: a slash will work to escape the space

sudo mkdir /media/omk/volume2

sudo mount /dev/sdXX /media/omk/volume2 replace XX with the drive letter&number


How to remove ubuntu 12.04 from a dual boot computer with windows 7

You have to have an original installer for Windows 7 for you to be able to recover the Master Boot Record of Windows 7 after removing Ubuntu. It's fairly easy to remove the Ubuntu partition afterwards. Follow this great guide from makeuseof.


Ubuntu Touch for iPhones, iPods and iPads?

Will not happen, as Apple does not officially allow the installation of custom roms. If ever, it will be an unofficial community-port.


in Terminal:$ top | grep jackd, first number in line will be the pid of JACK, kill it with $ kill <pid>. It's the simplest way)


Consider Lubuntu or Xubuntu for an old laptop, they're more lightweight and easier on the hardware.

Firefox is fully supported
the Gimp is fully supported
there are several alternatives for Adobe Reader and there is also a linux version
Microsoft Office, I've heard about people getting it operational under Linux/Wine, but it is not supported by Microsoft. Microsoft Office 2010 (Word and Excel) will install in the latest version of Wine (the compatibility layer that allows windows programs to run in linux).  LibreOffice is an alternative that works very well. LibreOffice does not have an Outlook alternative, but you can use Thunderbird for that or Evolution.
World of Warcraft. There is a nice how-to install here.


This is quite often a power management setting within your bios. Specifically, check your configurations on network devices (wifi & e-net).

Disable wake from sleep settings or power-management on wifi. If that solves it you can then iteratively try different settings until you have the desired result.


kde plasma make taskbar show current desktop

Right-click > Task Manager Settings ... > General
Scroll down to Filters and check Show only tasks from the current desktop.

(This is in plasmashell 5.5.5. I'm assuming 5.9.4 has the same option.)


Grub Rescue error after installing windows 10

Safest thing to do in this situation would be to:

Boot from a live CD or USB Stick (rufus is a good tool)
Back-up all data
Format the hard drive
Reinstall Windows and Ubuntu both in BIOS mode or UEFI mode (One or the other)
Restore all data


Keyboard on HP notebook stops working under kernel 5.4.0-45-generic

There is a bug already https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1894017
As of 6/9/2020 it has been confirmed but it is unassigned.
A possible workaround is Ctrl+Alt+F3 on a external keyboard.


How to change 3D game resolution on 12.10 64bit with nvidia graphics driver

To install the latest nvidia drivers (304.60 to the moment) on a fresh install of ubuntu 12.10 64 bits follow these steps.

Install the package linux-headers-3.5.0-17-generic *
Download the driver according to your card model and save it at /home/user/
Give it execution permission.
Open a terminal an type: sudo stop lightdm
Press Ctrl + Alt + F1
Login as root
Execute ./NVIDIA...name-of-       your-driver-.run in the directory where you  saved the driver .
Follow the instructons... the installation it's going to fail, this is cause the nouveau driver is running and it won't let the nvidia driver to get installed, (don't worry about this, at this point the nvidia driver installer will put the nouveau driver in a blacklist file to prevent it from loading the next time you boot your system)
Reboot your system an repeat steps 4-7, This time the installation should be fine and the nvidia driver will be correctly installed.
Re-reboot your system or type sudo lightdm start

*This may vary depending if you have installed new kernel updates. In that case I suggest to start from step 2, follow instructions until a error message appear saying that the path to the kernel headers can't be found and that you have to install the missing package (in my case linux-headers-3.5.0-17-generic)

Para instalar los últimos drivers de nvidia (304.60 al momento) en un ubuntu 12.10 64 bits recién instalado, sigue estos pasos.

Instala el paquete linux-headers-3.5.0-17-generic *
Descarga el driver que corresponda con tu modelo de tarjeta y guárdalo en /home/user/
Dale permisos de ejecución.
Abre un terminal y escribe: sudo stop lightdm
Presiona Ctrl + Alt + F1
Accede como root
Ejecuta ./NVIDIA...name-of-       your-driver-.run en el directorio donde guardaste el driver .
Suige las instruciones... La instalación fallará, esto ocurre porque el driver de nouveau está corriendo y no permitirá al driver de nvidia instalarse, (no te preocupes por eso, en este punto el driver de nvidia pondrá al de nouveau en un archivo blacklist, para prevenir que se cargue en el próximo inicio del sistema)
Reinicia tu sistema y repite los pasos 4-7, esta vez la instalación debería ir bien y el driver se instalará correctamente.
Reinicia tu sistema de nuevo o escribe sudo lightdm start

*Esto puede variar dependiendo si has instalado nuevas actualizaiones del kernel. En ese caso sugiero empezar desde el paso 2, sigue las instruciones hasta que un mensaje de error aparezca diciendo que la ruta a las cabeceras del kernel no pueden ser encontradas y que tienes que instalar el paquete que falta (en mi caso linux-headers-3.5.0-17-generic)

Any doubt just write me back
Cualquier duda... escríbeme.


have lost grub been overwitten by w7 recovery

You might try using RescaTux.  It is a live CD that will detect your operating systems and then install grub accordingly.

http://www.supergrubdisk.org/rescatux/


Messed with my /etc/profile and now an error pops up every time I log in

The part here:

if [ -d /etc/profile.d ]; then
  for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
    if [ -r $i ]; then
      . $i
    fi
fi

has to look like this:

if [ -d /etc/profile.d ]; then
  for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
    if [ -r $i ]; then
      . $i
    fi
  done
fi


How to move a machine from Desktop to Server?

For major changes you might want to use tasksel - a tool that manages the high level functions of your machine. First install it:

sudo apt-get install tasksel

Then you can see what tasks are available, and their current status:

sudo tasksel --list-tasks

To remove the desktop packages you will need to run commands not through the desktop. So if you could ssh in from another computer. Or if you are in front of the computer you could get a non-desktop terminal by pressing Ctrl-Alt-F1. Then you can do:

sudo tasksel remove ubuntu-desktop kubuntu-desktop

If you've already set up your server stuff (web server etc) you're done - and sounds like you are. But for others who might not be, or if you want to add extra stuff you can still add other services using tasksel. So you might choose to do:

sudo tasksel install server openssh-server lamp-server

Which would ensure you can get in via ssh and install the Apache web server, the MySQl database server and PHP.

If you want more information about the exact packages you could do:

tasksel --task-packages server

which would give you a list of packages the server task will install.


my /etc/apache2/sites-available/default appears blank

Try searching for the same in /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
Type- gksu gedit /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

In this file you will find AllowOverride and the DocumentRoot. Edit them as you want.


It is highly probable that the ideas your battery has about its status don't align with its real status any more.

What you need to do is "recalibrate" the battery, by completely discharging the battery and then recharging it to 100%.

The optimal tool for battery management on your thinkpad is tlp .

From man tlp (which you should read anyway)

  For ThinkPads it provides a unified way to configure charging thresholds and
   recalibrate the battery for all models which support it (via tp-smapi or
   acpi-call).

Install it via

sudo apt install tlp

To recalibrate the battery: sudo tlp recalibrate


There is no solution for Evince yet (2016). But you can use Okular (free software, available in your package manager), and change the settings of the viewer to greedy (Settings -> Configure Okular -> Performance -> Greedy) which will load all pages. You can then skip forward and back as fast as you want, the pages are displayed at once!


I'm not familiar with the commands you used to forward the ports.

I'm running a Minecraft server in an Xubuntu guest OS. When I set up port forwarding I assigned my virtual machine a static IP and then made the necessary changes for port forwarding using the router's admin page (typically -- log into 192.168.1.1 but check your router user guide / manual).

You don't need Java 8. Just install the latest Java 6 or Java 7 and you'll be fine.


I accidentally deleted python3.6 from my ubuntu-18.04, and now when I reboot my computer it requires username and password and gets me shell

I have also encountered this problem recently， so here is my solutions.

The above error is because the connection is not available, so you can not use apt install command directly. The key point to connect to network can refer Configure WiFi Connections, maybe you should reboot your ubuntu after doing this.

Then you can run the command sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop, it may take a few minutes.

Finally, I hope to help you guys who have also encountered the same problem.


If you just want to tunnel HTTP traffic through the VPN, one of the easiest solutions would be:

Set up a Squid proxy on the server and configure it to accept only connections from localhost. See this article from Ubuntu community wiki.
On the client: tunnel the remote proxy port (by default 3128) to a local port through ssh:

ssh -L 3128:localhost:3128 PROXYSERVERNAME
Configure your browser to use localhost:3128 as a proxy

If you want all of your traffic to go through the VPN, a solution would be to setup OpenVPN on the server side and the use the OpenVPN Network Manager Plugin on the client to setup a connection to the server. By default, OpenVPN configured through the NetworkManager tries to tunnel all traffic through the VPN. See another article from Ubuntu community wiki.


I do not recommend installing proprietary Nvidia drivers for 9xxx adapters.

They are not supported well by new Nvidia drivers.

I suggest keep using open source nouveau.

As an alternative you can use nvidia-304 drivers, but they will not build for the installed 4.0.4 kernel.

You can try to install nvidia-340 from Ubuntu 15.04 repository by running

sudo apt-get install nvidia-340

But they may not build for your custom kernel.

You can also try to install same 340 driver from xorg-edgers. It may or may not build for your kernel, but you need to learn uninstalling drivers from console, because GUI may not load after you install this drivers.

Drivers from ppa can be installed this way

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-304
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa


Where does backup goes, & how much memory it takes?

If you're using the stock backup app then you can set its destination location

most backup apps let you set the location actually


scp or rsync multiple files from source server to another servers

Your target files are on another system. Therefore, your glob (node1:~/experiment/wrfout_d01_2012-12-01*) is never expanded. You can see this right there in the output you posted. The first line of output comes from echo $fn and it prints this:

node1:~/experiment/wrfout_d01_2012-12-01*

You are not iterating over ever file matching that glob, you are only processing the glob itself as a string. So, instead of attempting to list files that you don't yet have access to (you need to open the ssh connection to see the list of files), just bring everything over and rename locally:

#!/bin/bash

rsync -v node1:"~/experiment/wrfout_d01_2012-12-01*" .
rename 's/:/_/g' wrfout_d01_2012-12-01*

Alternatively, assuming your file names don't contain newline characters, you can do this:

#!/bin/bash

in_files=($(ssh node1 'ls ~/experiment/wrfout_d01_2012-12-01*') )
for fn in "${in_files[@]}";do
  newfn=$(basename "$fn")
  rsync node1:"$fn"  "${newfn//:/_}"
done


Using multiple versions of Ubuntu on same PC

Yes, you can 'dual-boot' Ubuntu, have both versions XX.XX and YY.YY installed on the same PC. This even includes the officially supported 'flavours' http://ubuntu.com/download/flavours  of Ubuntu with alternate Desktop Environments.

Versions of Ubuntu which we support here are 16.04 LTS, 18.04 LTS, and 19.10 as per http://askubuntu.com/help/on-topic . Flavours which we support are 18.04 and 19.10  (flavours have a shorter support life.)

Install the first Ubuntu version, following the instructions at https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-install-ubuntu-desktop#0 .

Then install the second Ubuntu version, also following those instructions. However, when you get to step 6 Allocate Drive Space, choose Something else.

Take space from your primary partition where you installed the first version into, and create a second primary partition for the second version.

Do not share the /home partition between versions. If you want to have shared space on the drive where you can access files from either version, make a dedicate partition for that purpose.

After installation of the second version completes, you will have the choice to choose either version to boot with from the GRUB menu.

If you want to have both running at the same time and switch without rebooting, that's called virtualization, and Ubuntu supports several versions of that as well.


Try running the following command and then, reboot:

rm -r ~/.config/pulse; pulseaudio -k

Click here for more info.


Downloaded TeamSpeak 3 file needs to be run - its an installer script.

1. Allow Execution of Installer

You have to change its permissions first, allowing it to be executed. You can do it in shell (chmod +x TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_amd64-3.0.16.run) or selecting Properties of the file, and allowing it like this:

2. Run the Installer

Open your Terminal (you can press default shortcut of Ctrl+Alt+T), and go to directory where the file is located, eg:

cd Downloads

And run the installer, eg. like this:

./TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_amd64-3.0.16.run

3. Keep System Clean

TeamSpeak will be installed in current directory, and its probably a good idea to move it somewhere - /opt is good place to keep additional software like this (which didn`t come from "normal" Ubuntu packages):

sudo mv TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_amd64 /opt/

4. Run TeamSpeak

To run installed TeamSpeak enter:

/opt/TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_amd64/ts3client_runscript.sh

5. Create Launcher

You can permanently create a Launcher, for yourself:

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/TeamSpeak3.desktop

...or for all users on your system like this:

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/TeamSpeak3.desktop

Put a content to this Launcher like this:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=TeamSpeak 3
Comment=TeamSpeak 3 VoIP Communicator
Exec=/opt/TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_amd64/ts3client_runscript.sh
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Network;Application;
Icon=/opt/TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_amd64/styles/default/logo-128x128.png

Remember to replace file and directory names accordingly to TeamSpeak version (here 3.0.16) and target architecture (here amd64).

(The default Icon is somewhat too pale - you can find another icon if you wish)


Could I try Ubuntu 14 before permanent install?

Yes you can just burn the Ubuntu image and boot into the live system to test out 14.04 before you install it.
You can check with lsblk if your home directory is on a different partition/disk.


I believe this is where you will get the fix you might be looking for from here. That's the page for the alx driver. Here's an excerpt from the page:

  Description:

  The alx driver is intended to only add support for newer Ethernet
  device. It used to be the case that the alx driver was trying to
  replace atl1c but aftter some discussions we deteremined its best to
  keep doing evolutions on atl1c for older chipsets and only use alx for
  newer chipset sthat previously did not have drivers. As it is right
  now work is undergoing to remove all atl1c device support from the alx
  driver, in the meantime the compat-wireless release has a temporary
  patch from the original alx driver which removes the atl1c devices
  from it.

  The alx driver will only provide support for:

  1969:1091 - AR8161

  1969:1090 - AR8162

  Code:

  This code has now been posted for inclusion upstream. If you want to
  install this driver right now you can also do so by downloading this
  tarball:

  http://www.orbit-lab.org/kernel/compat-wireless-2.6/2012/05/compat-wireless-2012-05-10-p.tar.bz2

  The -p postfix annotates that we have applied a patch in this
  tarball from the linux-next-pending/ directory. For more details
  see extra patches for compat-wireless documentation.

  To install:

  To only compile and install the alx driver you can do:

./scripts/driver-select alx

make

sudo make install


Yes, ofcourse you can, why don't you see what is outputed to the screen after the script has finished ?
For example:

expect "ssh:/C/remoteWindows/myfolderwithantscript/$"
send "rm a_file.txt"

where ssh:/C/remoteWindows/myfolderwithantscript/ is the text you get after the scipt finishes, on a linux machine is something like this: /home/alex/Documents$ for example, and then you send the 'rm' command to remove the file.

This is what I do so as to upload a file to an ftp server. I just do a

expect "sftp>"

and then proceed to the next steps.


You should have something called Notifications in your /usr/share/applications folder. You may also see it in your Xubuntu menu.

If you run that desktop file (the actual command being xfce4-notifyd-config), you'll get a small window titled Notifications. In that you can customize several parameters such as:
  - Theme
  - Default position
  - Disappear after
  - Opacity

You can also preview some of the changes.


openstack-install hangs registering against landscape

Currently the landscape autopilot (Release: 15.01) does not fully support an http_proxy setting.  You will need to have direct internet access from all machines you are testing with.

This answer has a good listing of the sites that you will need access to:

How should I setup MAAS so that it can be used by the Canonical OpenStack Autopilot?


Where can I go to start learning what my terminal is trying to say to me

Generally, most of the time the messages in the terminal are pretty self explaining.

Except sometimes they are not. What I do is google for the message and pretty much every time there is a hit.

The problem you have above can be explained like that.

When you try to download a package, some mechanism has to make sure that you really got what you tried to download, and that the download is not tampered.

A way to do this is to sign a package with a cryptographic key. This is what was done with your package. In order to verify the download is correct, you need a public key - which is stated in the message.

You have to install the key on your machine.

For sublime it is listed on their site at:
https://www.sublimetext.com/docs/3/linux_repositories.html


The reason this is happening is that the page cache is being filled up by these large read/write operations, and the page cache is system-wide, not per disk. I posted a similar question at the Unix StackExchange and got an answer, which enabled me to skip the cache using the dd command...


How to alias one command to be resolved into another command?

It was easier than I thought. I had to create such shell script:

#!/bin/bash

case "$1" in
    -l)
        xscreensaver-command -lock
        ;;
    *)
        xscreensaver-command "$@"
        ;;
esac

Saved it as /usr/bin/gnome-screensaver-command and added execute permission:

sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/gnome-screensaver-command

Now, executing gnome-screensaver-command -l launches xscreensaver-command -lock and locks my screen.


Spam-Mail always in inbox and not in ".Spam"-directory (Postfix+Dovecot+SpamAssasian+ClamAV)

You have not told it to do so.

You have to move spam classified mails server-side or tell the clients to move it.

In combination with Dovecot, I do guess the common way is utilizing sieve plugin.


Yet another problem with v20.04.1LTS and HP Printers (hplip.3.20.6)

I found the answer here - ubuntu forum answer
By removing CUPS, HPLIP, then reinstalling hplip-3.20.6 and running hp-setup my printer is now working again. Thanks


How can you get the number of the processes where program is started?

Your code nearly works, you just have to change

wc -l | grep vi file1

to

grep vi file1 | wc -l

The pipe operator uses the output of the program on the left as input for the program on the right.


You can significantly change the audio quality using -f (format name) for example :
arecord -f cd filename.wav

-f cd is format shortcut for (16 bit little endian, 44100, stereo) where default format is (Unsigned 8 bit, Rate 8000 Hz, Mono)


"dpkg-divert: error: rename involves overwriting `protocol.txt' with different file `protocol-precise.txt'" while upgrading xorg

Ok, since apparently is not any package that when bad, we must remove it manually without the help of apt-get:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -s --reinstall install xserver-common
sudo dpkg --purge --force-all xserver-common-lts-raring
sudo apt-get --reinstall install xserver-common
sudo apt-get autoremove

Now you may want to unhold the package that you have hold:

sudo dpkg --set-selections < echo "libboost-dev install"
sudo dpkg --set-selections < echo "libboost-filesystem-dev install"
sudo dpkg --set-selections < echo "libboost-regex-dev install"
sudo dpkg --set-selections < echo "libboost-system-dev install"
sudo dpkg --set-selections < echo "libboost-thread-dev install"

Do a final sudo apt-get check to verify that everything is ok.


Using DD to create a partial backup of a larger drive

dd doesn't pay attention to "files", just disk blocks (if you specify if=/dev/sda), so it's going to try to copy all 1.4TiB to the 750GB partition. This will fail.

Use a file-oriented backup tool like rsync, burp, or duplicity to just backup files, and not free space.


Unity is not working properly because unity-panel-service was not found

I had a similar issue due to a broken graphics driver which didn't go away when I reinstalled fglrx. I eventually stumbled upon the solution: The unity plugin had been disabled in the compiz settings!

Fixed by running ccsm then enabling the Unity plugin and disabling any conflicts.


If you have VLC may be I can help you.

Go to VLC:

Click Tools and next Preferences
Click Subtitle & OSD
In section Subtitle Language and Default encoding
Select Arabic (Windows-1256)
In section font select the Tahoma font


How to install Nvidia drivers from source if the packages don't work?

I just finished installing the latest Nvidia drivers and here's how I did it:

Stop your Display Manager Service (I use Linux Mint 14, so my
display manager is MDM - if you're running Ubuntu 12.10, then yours
is LightDM): sudo service lightdm stop
If it doesn't do it automatically, press CTRL + ALT + F1 to bring up the Terminal. Login with your username and password.
Become root by entering the following command, followed by your
password: sudo -i
Navigate to the folder where your drivers are: cd/home/username/Downloads
I took the liberty of looking up the latest drivers for you on the Nvidia website. Type this command to download the latest Nvidia drivers for Your GT 440: wget http://us.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86/310.19/NVIDIA-Linux-x86-310.19.run
Run the installer: sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86-310.19.run
Follow the installer. Please note that it may say that you have the nouveau
driver installed. If that is the case, say yes to having the
installer create a .conf file that will disable it. Reboot your
machine to implement it.
Repeat steps 1-5 to successfully install your drivers.
Reboot after you're done.


Which KDE Plasma version should I choose

As from this Ubuntu wiki article

(i) kubuntu-desktop -- This is the recommended metapackage to install; the full Kubuntu installation, with all the Kubuntu recommended packages. This includes LibreOffice, Kontact, Konversation, Amarok, K3B, and others.

(ii) kde-full -- This will install the following KDE packages: kdegames, kdeaccessibility, kdeplasma-addons, kdeadmin, kdeartwork, kdegraphics, kdemultimedia, kdenetwork, kdepim, kdesdk, kdeutils, kdewebdev, and the kde-plasma-desktop metapackage (see details below).

(iii) kde-plasma-desktop --- This will install the core -- the bare-minimum required-- of KDE. That is, kdebase-apps, kdebase-runtime, kdebase-workspace and kdm.

If you choose to not install kubuntu-desktop, then you can still get all the Kubuntu-specific tweaks by installing the kubuntu-default-settings package. For users with GTK applications, you will need the kde-config-gtk-style and/or gtk3-engines-oxygen package(s) installed, if they aren't already, for proper integration.

You can install the fulle kde-full package for example but never ever enable KDE as default desktop (you need to do that manually from the login screen) but be aware that as GNOME uses GTK and KDE Qt for graphics, you may get (your milage may vary depending on apps that you're using) a bunch of graphical issues for the KDE apps in GNOME or as stated in this answer it may cause a higher than normal system ressources usages


How to uninstall the default Desktop environment of Ubuntu12.04?

Welcome to AskUbuntu. Go to the Software Centre and search for "gnome", this will return a list of results where you will find:

  Full GNOME Desktop Environment, with extra components

Select it and click "Install". When it finishes installing log out and in the log in screen you can click on the icon besides your user name to select Gnome as the desktop environment.

or, from the command line:

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

To uninstall Unity (the Ubuntu desktop environment) the steps are similar, go to the Software Centre and perform a search for "unity". One of the results will be:

  Interface designed for efficiency of space and interaction

Select it and click remove. Note though that you can have both environments installed, and even try a few others. You can then select which to use in the log in screen.

or, from the command line:

sudo apt-get remove unity unity-2d unity-2d-panel unity-2d-spread unity-asset-pool unity-services unity-lens-files unity-lens-music unity-lens-applications gir1.2-unity-5.0 unity-common indicator-sound indicator-power indicator-appmenu libindicator7 indicator-application indicator-datetime indicator-messages libnux-2.0-0 nux-tools libunity-misc4 unity-2d-common

(see here)

You only have to remove the extra desktop environment if you want to save disk space. Otherwise you can have both and select which environment you wish to use on the login screen, like this:

See here: How to revert to GNOME Classic Desktop?


It's likely that almost everything you need is present, but not quite.  Try installing the avahi and libnss-mdsn packages, then log out & back into kubuntu:

sudo apt-get install avahi-daemon libnss-mdns

Once you do that, the options should no longer be greyed out.

More information can be found here:

https://wiki.kubuntu.org/KubuntuZeroconf


/bin stands for binaries, /sbin stands for system binaries
etc stands for etcetera (this directory historically held everything that did not belong elsewhere)

You  can read more here and here; and on Wikipedia.


Problem with Apache2 connecting to database

I believe this needs to be moved, but there is two things here.

PHP's mysql_* functions are depreciated, so you should be using PDO now which is really simple to use.

The other thing we need is the errors output. From what you have above you need to change the code to the following, (do it for both)

... or die(mysql_error());

instead of just saying error it will tell you/us the exact issue.


Step-by-step to run a midi keyboard input device? 12.04

If you just want to get your keyboard to play sound, this is very simple, and you won't need JACK nor Rosegarden for that. These tools are great if you want to record MIDI signal, write notes, and route audio between separate applications, but you don't need that to play sound with your keyborard.

My step-by-step would be to:

Plug in your MIDI device to your computer. If that's a USB MIDI keyboard, just plug the USB, if it has only MIDI plug, you may want to use a MIDI to USB device.
Download/Install a synthesizer. There is a large variety of sound synthesing applications for Ubuntu. You may like ZynAddSubFX (really powerful one), FluidSynth or QSynth (support soundfonts), AMSynth, AMS. Make sure to browse Ubuntu Software Center for synthesizer that will grab your interest.
Launch the synthesizer. Of course it has to be running to produce sound.
Tell the system to pass data from your keyboard to the synthesizer. You need to create a link between your keyboard and your synthesizer, so that MIDI signal is passed to it. You can either use aconnect tool, or one of it's graphical backends (which are simpler to use), like aconnectgui or kaconnect. While aconnect is installed by default, you can get the other two from Software Center. Once you connect your keyboard, and synthesizer, follow to the final step...
Press a key on your keyboard. You will hear some sound! If not, make sure if your system sound is not muted, and that our speakers are connected. Also, some synthesizers require you to choose an instrument before they produce any sound.
Fine tune your synthesizer settings. You will most likely not enjoy the initial sound of the synthesizer. In case of ZynAddSubFX, this will be a plain sine wave, boring! However, you can easily browse a great collection of timbres, and you can customize them fully. All synthesizers provide you lots of customisation, it's worth to spend some time choosing what you like most.
Proceed to play. Good luck and have fun!

I have also once written an article on general workflow for music production with external keyboard on Ubuntu, it should be useful in your case. Here's the link.


Can't install 'youtube to mp3' (ubuntu14.04)

Well, I've got an alternative if you change your mind

sudo apt-get install youtube-dl

Using this you can download mp3 , video of your choice using -F to find the number format and -f number to download
eg :

youtube-dl -f 18 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anything


Enlarge swap partition without disturbing anything!

Using GParted from the live CD on the swap partition nothing should break. The swap partition should not contain data of value, but you're probably resizing your Ubuntu partition too and therefore the usual warning: do backups. Doing backups of my installations without the home directory (Í have a separate partition for home) results in archives less than 3 GB, so space for backups should really not be an issue.

I would suggest you do the necessary actions in GParted step by step.

If you somehow need to create a new swap partition you should replace the old UUID with the new one in the following files:

/etc/fstab
/etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume

The latter one is for hibernation. Back in your system execute update-initramfs -u -k all that will update all initial ramdisks to use the new UUID of swap for hibernation. Reboot and you are done.


AEAD Decrypt error: bad packet ID on openvpn using UDP

If the MTU is 1500, add mssfix 1431 at the bottom of your *.ovpn.

Explanation: get the credit from James Yonan's explanation, who's the owner of OpenVPN

With a TUN-style tunnel over UDP using the default TLS options, the per-packet overhead is:

41 bytes security layer overhead (includes packet tag (1), HMAC-SHA1 signature (20), initialization vector (16), sequence number (4))
28 bytes tunneling overhead (includes IP + UDP header)
Total: 69 bytes per packet


At many times, I have accidentally deleted so so so so important files and testdisk is what saved my life.

sudo apt-get install -y testdisk
sudo reboot

And while you reboot, at your GRUB screen, pick to boot system in recovery mode.  It'll take you to the menu, where you would have option to drop into root shell.

When you are at the cmd line, fire this testdisk /dev/sda and follow the instruction in that process.

Good luck

EDITED: Updated as per comment. { thanks!  :)  }


First, find Trash:

sudo updatedb
locate Trash

On my system, it's in a hidden directory .local/share/Trash.

Next, identify the file yoou want to remove:

ls ~/.local/share/Trash

You should see some directories; something like:

expunged  files  info

In my case, after looking a bit, a file I want to remove is in files.

ls ~/.local/share/Trash/files
some_file.avi

Now we remove it:

rm ~/.local/share/Trash/files/some_file.avi


I have the same in xubuntu 11.10.
found in https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/cups/+bug/842823

comment  usblp from blacklist:

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-cups-usblp.conf

like:

# cups talks to the raw USB devices, so we need to blacklist usblp to avoid
# grabbing them
#blacklist usblp


How to disable mouse acceleration on Kubuntu 18.04

This worked for me on Ubuntu.
You have to change Accel Speed.

xinput set-prop <mouse_id> <accel_speed_id> <number>

So in your case:

xinput set-prop 8 283 -0.5

note: i used -0.5 as an example, use what ever value you want.
This will last till the next reboot or logout.
If you want it permanent use a X11 conf file (/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d), there are some tutorials online, but i had no luck getting it to work.
An alternative is creating a startup script that would execute the command for you.


Change the values in apt.conf as shown below for 10 seconds (use your preferred value, of course):

  Acquire::http::Timeout "10";
  Acquire::ftp::Timeout "10";


To check what processor architecture you have you can use the following command:

uname -p

You should be able to install the 64-bit version of Lubuntu if your processor is x86_64 or 64-bit.

The reason for why the USB stick is only shown as 2.91GB can be for multiple reasons but it's probably related to formatting, that if it is in face 4GB.


I can offer a workaround to this

Never mind the settings in the GUI, you can lock your screen and send your screens into standby via the command line

To lock your screen you could use
gnome-screensaver-command -l

or (if don't use gnome3)
xdg-screensaver lock

and to turn off your monitors (standby) you could use
xset dpms force off

Now, since you don't want to do this manually, but after a couple of minutes idle time, we need to find out how long you have been idle.
This can be done with xprintidle
sudo apt-get install xprintidle

xprintidle will return miliseconds of (xserver) idletime
Now, lets combine this into a script(*). Use your favorite editor to copy/paste the following, modifying the IDLE_TIME to your liking
nano /home/yourusername/idle_stby_lock_screen.sh

#!/bin/sh

# Wanted trigger timeout in milliseconds.
IDLE_TIME=$((5*60*1000))  # replace the '5' with how many minutes you'd like

# Sequence to execute when timeout triggers.
trigger_cmd() {
    echo "Triggered action $(date)"
}

sleep_time=$IDLE_TIME
triggered=false

while sleep $(((sleep_time+999)/1000)); do
    idle=$(xprintidle)
    if [ $idle -ge $IDLE_TIME ]; then
        if ! $triggered; then
            gnome-screensaver-command -l
            export DISPLAY=:0; xset dpms force off
            triggered=true
            sleep_time=$IDLE_TIME
        fi
    else
        triggered=false
        # Give 150 ms buffer to avoid frantic loops shortly before triggers.
        sleep_time=$((IDLE_TIME-idle+150))
    fi
done

Then make it executable with
chmod +x /home/yourusername/idle_stby_lock_screen.sh

You can test it out on the commandline
/home/yourusername/idle_stby_lock_screen.sh

if you are content with it, you can add it to the startup of your Ubuntu, like described in these answers here or with the "Startup" app in Ubuntu - just make sure to use the absolute path to your script.


How to change a manual configuration with ath9k configuration?

YOU DO NOT NEED TO INSTALL ANY DRIVERS or software.  Period.  Please read this linked amazon review.  Strangely enough I'd actually read about but not purchased this particular model.  I can also recommend better, less expensive units which also do not need drivers.


Will Deja Dup make it's scheduled backup if user isn't logged in?

From the deja dup page:

Duplicity
Déjà Dup is really just a clever graphical wrapper around the command
line backup tool duplicity. You can read more about it on its
homepage, but basically, it uses rsync to generate incremental,
encrypted backup volumes.
Scheduling
Déjà Dup does not use cron or similar schedulers. Rather, it starts a
program deja-dup-monitor when you log into your session. This keeps
track of when you last successfully backed up and will wait until the
next scheduled backup.
It determines exactly when the next scheduled backup is largely on its
own, based on the user's preferences about whether to backup once a
day, once a week, etc.
Why Not Cron?
One disadvantage is that a backup can not be started while a user is not logged in. The primary use case for Déjà Dup is backing up user data, so this is not a large concern, as user data is unlikely to change while the user are not logged in.

So no.
But Deja Dup is just a graphical front end for duplicity. Examples on automating that: Automating duplicity backups using cron or the Ubuntu wiki on duplicity.


How do I mark a .desktop file as trusted in Ubuntu 18.04?

None of the answers provided up to this point have included information about how you can do this in a non-interactive manner. What if I want to script the creation of a launcher and make it trusted without having to click on it?

This usage case is already addressed in this question with this answer. I'm duplicating this information here because this question was much easier to find, and it is not strictly a duplicate because the question here is larger in scope.

To set a launcher as trusted from the command line, run:

gio set /path/to/your/launcher.desktop "metadata::trusted" yes

With that done, press F5 on the desktop or in the current folder to refresh the view. The launcher should now be trusted.

There are certain conditions that must be met (ownership, running programs, running gio as the correct user). See Sander's answer for the full list.


Assumptions:

Because I cannot comment on your post I am going to have to assume some things:

Your SSD mount point is located at /dev/sdX
Your bigger SSD mount point is located at /dev/sdY
You are using LUKS full disk encryption
Your encrypted partition is /dev/sdX1
The unecrypted mount point where your file system is located is /dev/mapper/sdX1_crypt and it is using an ext4 file system

Easier Method:

The easiest and slowest way would be to use dd

sudo dd  if=/dev/sdX of=/dev/sdY bs=64k

to copy every byte from the smaller SSD to the larger SSD. This would give you a fully boot-able system you would have to disconnect the smaller SSD in order to boot because both SSDs share the same UUID which the system uses to identify individual disks. Before booting you would expand the physical partition using fdisk.

sudo fdisk /dev/sdY

fdisk is an interactive tool, you would first delete the partition LUKS is on (because its ending address is shorter than the new bigger SSD), then you would create a new partition (the defaults fdisk uses will fill all unused space), then save (this is how software "extends" a partition). then you would expand the LUKS container using cryptsetup

sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdY1 sdY1_crypt
sudo cryptsetup resize /dev/sdY1_crypt

and finally you would expand the files system using resize2fs

sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/sdY1_crypt

Faster Method:

A faster and more complex method would be to create a new partition sdY1 with fdisk on the bigger SSD for the encrypted volume, then create a new LUKS volume using

sudo cryptsetup luksFormat [OPTIONS] /dev/sdY1

and mount it on sdY1_crypt.

sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdY1 sdY1_crypt

then use dd to copy the unencrypted file system from one encryption volume to another.

sudo dd if=/dev/mapper/sdX1_crypt of=/dev/mapper/sdY1_crypt bs=64k

then expand the file system with resize2fs

sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/sdY1_crypt

In order to be able to boot from the new bigger SSD you would have to install grub in the MBR of the SSD with

grub-install [OPTIONS] /dev/sdY

Note:

All the commands used are highly configurable and you will want to use some of their options because you know your system better than I do, use man <command> or <command> --help to learn about what they can do.


There is spyware for every operating system. It is more prevalent for windows than any other operating system because it is used more. There are around 40 known spyware applications for Linux. It is not common but it can happen. As for antivirus this is a list that may help you. Best of luck!

http://opensource-sidh.blogspot.com/2011/10/top-5-anti-virus-for-ubuntu-free.html?m=1


this is direct link for LAMP/XAMPP

http://sourceforge.net/projects/xampp/files/XAMPP%20Linux/1.8.0/xampp-linux-1.8.0.tar.gz/download?use_mirror=ncu&download=

you can convert to deb with Alien. To install Alien type

sudo apt-get install alien

and for manual how to convert any format, type

man alien


That's the point of HARDWARE RAID, the physical disks are abstracted away behind the virtual disk you created so all the OS has to care about is one disk. It has no idea it's a RAID volume, it's not necessary.


sed to remove text if it exists between first space and first number

To get the output you show (and not the one you describe), you can simply print the 1st and the last fields using awk:

awk '{print $1,$NF}' file

Or perl:

perl -lane 'print "$F[0] $F[$#F]"' file


Installing Ubuntu alongside Windows 7, installer ignores one of the logical drives

Don't select the  "install ubuntu alongside windows" option.It will formats all the datas present in the partitions other than c drive.

It was much better to select the something else option.It will allows you to manually select the partition where ubuntu is going to be installed.

Ubuntu must be installed in ext4 partition.So open gparted and format the D drive to ext4 filesystem.Now run the ubuntu installer and then choose the something else option to install Ubuntu on D partition.


As per https://help.gnome.org/users/evolution/stable/exporting-data-calendar.html.en right-click on the calendar in the list of calendars and click Save as. Available formats are iCalendar format (ICS, recommended), comma separated values (CSV), and RDF format.  CSV has the advantage of your being able to open it with OpenOffice Calc for analysis, or for editing before reimport.


Cursor flickering and disappearing with dual-screen setup

You could try enter this in the terminal it might work:

gsettings set org.settings.gnome-cursor active=false

only idea I have, and it might work fine this way.


Fuzzy and blurred display of drop-down menus in Ubuntu 18.04

The problem seems to be fixed now. Thanks to the community for fixing this bug. Special thanks to guiverc for informing me about this bug.