Same question was asked on unix.stackexchange.com.

Youtube changed something to make it incompatible with youtube-dl, it's been fixed in the latest version. Use the following to update youtube-dl until the package system gets the updated version:

sudo youtube-dl -U

Update

As noted by sup in the comments youtube-dl is patched in Ubuntu to disable the --update option because of security concerns (the bugreport is here). It is also argued in the bugreport that youtube-dl is a moving target, so the version in the repositories is often out of date. This makes easy upgrade a necessity.

Easy upgrade is still possible with e.g. pip. Install like this (you may want to uninstall old versions of youtube-dl first):

sudo pip install youtube_dl

Upgrading can now be done with:

sudo pip install --upgrade youtube_dl

As documented on the youtube-dl download page. Note that similar security concerns are attached to this method as well.


Ubuntu 16.04: grub-efi-amd64-signed failed to install into /target/ error

The EFI System Partition was corrupt. I rectified this error with the following steps:

On Windows, I used DISKPART to assign the EFI System partition a letter. Fired up DISKPART, and typed LIST DISK to find the disk, followed by SELECT DISK <N> (where  is the drive number). Followed the same steps to find the proper partition (i.e. LIST PARTITION followed by SELECT PARTITION <N>), and then simply typed ASSIGN LETTER = X to have Windows mount the partition to letter X.

Then opened CMD with administrative access. Ran CHKDSK X: /f /r

Then, I tried installing Ubuntu once again, and it installed successfully!


I don't have 50 rep yet, so I can't comment, but I wanted to say that i happen to have the same problem. lsusb shows the following output:

  noah@DellLaptop:~$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 005: ID 04e8:6860 Samsung
  Electronics Co., Ltd Galaxy (MTP) Bus 001 Device 002: ID 4971:cb01
  SimpleTech SP-U25/120G Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux
  Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux
  Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux
  Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux
  Foundation 1.1 root hub noah@DellLaptop:~$

I am using Lubuntu 15.10, and PCManFM recognizes the device right away but I can't read or write to the device in MTP mode, and in PTP mode it isn't recognized at all. I haven't yet run a lsusb with the device in PTP mode.

My device is a Samsung Galaxy Lite (SGH-T399), from T-Mobile. I made sure the USB cable is OK, and it works fine on my Windows 10 box. Is there perhaps some sort of daemon that needs to be installed?


How to set Ubuntu to synchronize my clock with a time server?

It's generally recommended to run a service that uses NTP (Network Time Protocol) to regularly synchronize your computer's clock with a server. In recent versions of Ubuntu (at least since 18.10, or possibly earlier but I'm not sure), this is taken care of by the systemd-timesyncd service, which is installed and enabled by default, so there's no need to do anything special. If the service is available and active, running
timedatectl status

should tell you so.
For older versions of Ubuntu, you can follow instructions to set up an NTP daemon. There are several choices available but the "standard" one is in the package ntp. According to the instructions at the linked page,
sudo apt-get install ntp

will get everything set up to synchronize with Ubuntu's NTP server.
If you really do only want to synchronize the time once at startup and never again (until the next startup), see e.g. mfisch's answer. But again, this is not recommended and there's rarely any reason it would be beneficial.


Look into ceph resiliance on openstack autopilot

To find the resilience of your data, try

sudo ceph osd dump | less

In the beginning of the output, it will show you the pools and the replicated size or the erasure coding count depending upon your setup.

Instance live migration depends upon the type of volume storage used. If its a volume backed storage, then you can use live migration. (And yes, those volumes also reside on Ceph).


Japanese keyboard layout (JIS) missing in Ubuntu 18.04, strange Alt behavior

Open Terminal

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

Then select the keyboard you have, if you don't see it in the list, General 105 is okay.
 Select Japanese then also it asks the AltR behaviour, too.


bought computer with ubuntu program messed up

Welcome to Ubuntu

Personally I would want to start afresh and completely reinstall Ubuntu. This way you can shape it to how you would like it and not put up with someone else's stuff on it.

full installation instructions can be found here  https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation

You can download the image from here
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop

Have fun with Ubuntu and if you are not sure of anything don't hesitate to ask.


This should do the job:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get -f install


While installing, stays copying files, stuck!

I think you should create a live usb or live cd to install ubuntu..if you have done so then rewrite the live media again, try reinstalling the system with the rewritten media


installing a program from a .iso on ubuntu

Open .iso file just by double clicking it and then extract it. So that executable files will be extracted and you can run them.


Install grub2 on UEFI GPT,create /boot partition and transfer clonezilla image

I don't have a complete answer; however, before you proceed, I recommend you read up on EFI-mode booting. Some specific sites that should be of use to you include:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI
http://www.rodsbooks.com/linux-uefi/
http://www.rodsbooks.com/efi-bootloaders/

In brief, on an EFI-based system, you do not install anything in the MBR; instead, you install a Linux EFI boot loader or boot manager in the EFI System Partition (ESP) and set it as the EFI's default boot program using a tool such as efibootmgr (in Linux), bcfg (in an EFI shell), bcdedit (in Windows), or the EFI's own user interface. See the rEFInd documentation on manual installation for the basics of most of these methods; but you may need to modify some details for whatever boot program you choose to use. Normally an Ubuntu installer will handle this for you, but in your cloning case, you'll need to do it manually, or possibly use a tool like Boot Repair.

GRUB is likely to be a pain to set up manually. If Boot Repair can handle it automatically, then great; but if not, I strongly recommend using something else. (See the EFI boot loader page I referenced earlier for a rundown of what's available.) rEFInd is likely to be relatively easy to set up, but with a separate /boot partition, you'll need to manually create a /boot/refind_linux.conf file, as described toward the end of this page.

It's possible you'll need to generate a new initial RAM disk (initrd) file. I don't have any references on how to do this when cloning an Ubuntu system, unfortunately.


I've never managed to get unity working on my Ubuntu 13.04. Try launching
gnome-session --session=gnome-fallback

, you're right in that ubuntu-2d is no longer there; it was removed in 12.10.


How to list all setuid binaries in the Ubuntu repository?

setuid executables are not recorded in the package metadata, so a short answer to your question would be: no, you can't. The only way to look for setuid executables in an archive would be to download every package and scan them.

However, if what you want to do is to list all setuid executables installed on your system, this command is what you are looking for:

find / -type f \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \)

Then, if you want to know where an executable comes from:

dpkg -S <file-path>

For example:

$ dpkg -S /bin/ping
iputils-ping: /bin/ping


That's how Wubi works. It assumes that the host partition is being used by Windows and doesn't try to use its remaining space. Imagine if it filled up a regular partition and then Windows couldn't boot...

So the fact that you installed on a dedicated partition is lost on Wubi. You specified a root.disk of 7GB and that's all you get.

If you went to the trouble of creating a partition, then usually a normal dual boot is more suitable - in this case it would use the entire partition.

Otherwise, you could tell Wubi to use 30GB - but the whole point of Wubi was not to have to partition, and since you've already done that, I'd go for the direct install.

Extending the size of the root.disk

Or you can extend the root.disk to take more of your partition, by using this guides:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ResizeWubiDisk

Please note that I've personally tested the first method, but not the second (the Live resize), but I've seen a couple of posts that indicate it works. There is no edit checking so you'd have to be very careful with it.

You can do the safer duplicate and resize method, but that will definitely limit you to about a 23GB root.disk: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ResizeandDuplicateWubiDisk


Ubuntu 12.04 does not boot after installation

If it is a new machine/laptop/netbook, then it may have "Secure Boot" switched on in the BIOS. In this case it may help to switch "Secure Boot" with UEFI to off in the BIOS. You may also try Boot Repair


Windows 10/ Ubuntu dual boot suddenly doesn't give option to boot into ububtu

You can try to repair the grub by using boot-repair-disk. It would repair the grub, provided Ubuntu is not corrupted.


How to expnad size of root partition, and using Swap Partition

Note: When dealing with partitions, make sure that you have a complete backup in case something goes wrong.

It is best that you do this from the Ubuntu LiveCD, since partitions have to be un-mounted.

Well first of all you need to backup your Personal Stuff from partition 5, and turn swap off.  To disable swap, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo swapoff -a

Once you get that done, use Gparted to delete the partitions, and clear them so you can extend partition 6.  Right click on partition 6, unmount, and then resize.  (image below is for informational purposes only).  Make sure that you leave some space for swap, and enable swap once done, by typing:

Sudo swapon -a

I hope that this answers your question.


I had the same problem for days (on a different laptop). The solution was to do the following two things:

Reset user configuration (as described in the Troubleshooting section of https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PulseAudio).
Make sure Independent HP is Disabled in alsamixer. To do that, just type alsamixer in a terminal, then choose your sound card (by pressing F6) and move to the Independent HP column.

Hope it helps!


For what it's worth: I observed similar screen 'noise' immediately after installing 12.04 on my dual monitor desktop.

This issue went away after completing installation of the 270 or so software updates that were pending since the 12.04 installation iso file was created. Also, I had to use 'unity 2D' to get good display behavior, but I think this is due to my graphics hardware limitations.


How to add alx support to recent mainline kernel?

You have two options.

1) Try this ppa

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/

You download the kernel you want to try and install it with dpkg

sudo dpkg -i linux-image-3.8.5-030805-generic_3.8.5-030805.201303281651_amd64.deb

change the name to the kernel you download. If you are building modules you will need the headers as well.

See also: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/MainlineBuilds

Note these kernels are intended for testing only and no support is available.

2) Compile a kernel yourself.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Kernel/Compile

Once you build a few kernels it is not too hard. Start with localmodconfig and then check to see the alx module is going to be compiled.

http://bodhizazen.com/Tutorials/kernel#localmodconfig


If you examine the PPA page https://launchpad.net/~f-muriana/+archive/ubuntu/ubuntu-builder you will see a button marked 'series'. It appears that ubuntu-builder has not been updated since Feb, 2014, and the latest version of Ubuntu that there is a release for, is Ubuntu Saucy (13.10).  An image of that page is below.

Your options at this point would be to contact the package creator, or find the source files and compile the program yourself.

[


Apache can't write pid after 2.4 upgrade

I can't comment or I would add this as a comment instead of an answer, but my /var/run/apache2 is owned by root

drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root    60 Mar 18 18:50 apache2

make sure the /var/www has the right permissions. I'm on 16.04 now but I remember at one point all my apache files were in the /var/www folder whereas now they're in /var/www/html so ymmv

drwxr-xr-x  3 root root   4096 Mar  7 00:22 www

drwxr-xr-x  3 www-data www-data 4096 Mar 11 21:07 html

if you have an html folder it may be an idea to run

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html


Audacious and Banshee play APE files fine.  I have the ubuntu-restricted-extras package installed if that makes a difference.


How to use only intel graphics and power off radeon with proprietary Catalyst drivers?

Install Catalyst Control Center:

Open your Terminal and execute:

  sudo apt-get install fglrx

Then reboot.


It's a file for the bamfdaemon. Also called Window matching library - daemon. bamf matches application windows to desktop files

This package contains the daemon used by the library and a gio
module that facilitates the matching of applications started
through GDesktopAppInfo

  When you open a program, Unity will either pop up a new icon on the
  launcher(dock) and/or add an arrow to an existing icon. Each icon is
  not an executable; it is a .desktop file.

  bamfdaemon helps unity to determe whether an arrow needs to be added
  to an existing icon, or a new icon be popped up, along with other
  behaviors dependent on application identity.

Read answer here and here for more info.


That is the proper way, there is no better way available.

Files created into your home dir, or other files created during normal package working, as i.e. log files, do not get removed, and there is no easy way to do so, if the preremove and postremove script do not do so themself. Obviously the problem is not in the removing, but in the individuation of such files.

The fact that the service you talk about keep on starting on boot is strange, it is perhaps present in another package? What dpkg -l | grep nginx returns?


Only show tasks from the current desktop on Plasma

Right click on any task in the taskbar.
Left click on Task Manager Settings...
Scroll to the bottom of the first tab called General
The second option under Filters is Show only tasks from the current desktop. Click this.
Click Apply button
Click Ok button


Okay, so I think I have to post something since I'm telling folks they are incorrect.

In the case of sqlite-ruby libsqlite3-dev should do it.

To be clear the ruby-full pseudo package only installs all of the "components" for an almost all option ruby installation.  It does absolutely nothing for dependency satisfaction for gems containing binary components.

To find out what dev packages a gem requires you can occasionally check the gem's specfile or the page on rubyforge.  If it complains about a specific file not being found a little creative googling (the word provides often helps) should help you locate the -dev package that is required.

Another useful site for this type of thing is ubuntu package search: http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?mode=exactfilename&suite=intrepid&section=all&arch=any&searchon=contents&keywords=sqlite.h

Another point worth noting is that Ubuntu is siding with Debian on this one and trying to prebuild packages titled ruby-gemname or similar into aptitude to simplify package management and track gem changes.  This does break some of the requires in some ruby scripts.  I have quite the rant on that topic, but I digress.

If you install libsqlite3-dev and it still doesn't work - ensure you are using the correct architecture gem (this is not necessarily automatic, maybe a future feature would be great gem developers).

If you have that library installed and you are sure the architecture on the gem is correct, post what file it hangs on, and I'll see what I can dig up.


How can I install freefem++ on ubuntu 17.10?

You may start by installing these packages from official repository:

sudo apt-get install freefem-examples freefem-doc freefem++ freefem++-doc

Then run stokes example:

freefem /usr/share/doc/freefem-examples/stokespo.pde

And consult some online resources:

https://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/freefem++/freefem++.html
https://www.cc.kyushu-u.ac.jp/scp/doc/users/lecture/2016/FreeFem++-tutorial-1.pdf
https://www.ljll.math.upmc.fr/hecht/ftp/ff++/2016-Fields/FH-Lesson5-8-Fields.pdf
https://www.ljll.math.upmc.fr/~suzukia/FreeFempp-tutorial-JSIAM2016/


User logged out when TV is turned off and on again

Issue traced to gdm. Installing lightdm seems to fix.

sudo apt-get install lightdm

Suggestion found in this bug report[1]

[1] https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mutter/+bug/1714908


My "great" ubuntu 14.04 LTS totaly crashed after tlp instalation

I had a similar problem after installing TLP. I solved it by looking for linux-tools-3.13.0-53 in Synaptic and installing it through Synaptic.


There's a very good detailed explanation here: https://blogs.kde.org/2005/09/15/measuring-memory-usage

But essentially: You have to really dig in and understand how the application is set up.

So for example, looking at mysql:

  PID  PPID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND
 6004 16116 composit  20   0 37900  27m 2908 S    0  0.2   0:40.33 mysqld
16115 16085 composit  20   0 37900  27m 2908 S    0  0.2   0:00.37 mysqld
16116 16115 composit  20   0 37900  27m 2908 S    0  0.2   2:07.34 mysqld
16117 16116 composit  20   0 37900  27m 2908 S    0  0.2   0:00.00 mysqld
16118 16116 composit  20   0 37900  27m 2908 S    0  0.2   3:19.79 mysqld
16119 16116 composit  20   0 37900  27m 2908 S    0  0.2   0:00.01 mysqld
16120 16116 composit  20   0 37900  27m 2908 S    0  0.2   5:31.09 mysqld
16121 16116 composit  20   0 37900  27m 2908 S    0  0.2  14:19.53 mysqld
16122 16116 composit  20   0 37900  27m 2908 S    0  0.2  36:13.67 mysqld
16123 16116 composit  20   0 37900  27m 2908 S    0  0.2  30:30.64 mysqld
16124 16116 composit  20   0 37900  27m 2908 S    0  0.2   0:00.15 mysqld
16493 16116 composit  20   0 37900  27m 2908 S    0  0.2   0:00.00 mysqld

The total memory used is about 25 MB (Take the 27 MB RES and subtract the shared (SHR))

I validated this by checking the total memory usage (free -m, +/ buffers/cache) before and after issuing a "killall mysqld".  After killing all mysqld processes, the memory usage dropped by 25 MB according to "free -m".

If you see that each process has identical VIRT, RES, and SHR columns, they are likely just threads of the same process.  (Older Linux libraries handled threading by spawning multiple real processes that essentially occupied the same memory)

If they are different, you might be able to estimate it by doing a SUM of (RES - SHR).  But that only works if the processes are in fact separate processes and not just threads of the same process.  Looking at the PPID (Parent Process ID) also helps.  If they all have the same parent, they are probably just threads (Though not necessarily).

Unfortunately there's no real good easy way to answer this in Linux.  The only easy way is to check "free" immediately before terminating the process and check it again immediately after.  look at the "-/+ buffers/cache:" line and see how much memory usage decreased and that will tell you how much it was using.


When I close the lid of my laptop, the Wifi should not disconnect automatically

At first I didn't understand your question but then surmised if you are closing your lid and want WiFi to stay on that must mean you have your Laptop docked or have an HDMI monitor attached and the system is suspending the Wifi.

You already edited logind.conf once and need to again. Set the line:

HandleLidSwitchDocked=ignore

Then save the file and reboot. Hopefully this solves the problem. If so mark this as solution by clicking check mark, if not post a comment.


Skype 4.2 no longer works because Microsoft want everyone to upgrade to the latest version. This is Ubuntu version independent - it will affect you if you have 12.04 or 14.04.
Taken from this article on OMG Ubuntu

Older versions of Skype will stop working; they won't be able to sign into ...the service.
Why? Microsoft says they “…want everyone to experience the best Skype has to offer – from enhanced quality to better reliability to improved security – and the newest version of Skype is the way to do that.”

It is quite hard to keep support for older systems for a long time - it limits development.
Here is the latest (4.3) release. It says it is for 12.04, but it works fine on 14.04
My pronouns are He / Him


Ubuntu 20.04 screen freezes after ~5 minutes of uptime?

Answered by generix on Nvidia forums:
Known bios issue of that notebook. Please use kernel parameter
intel_idle.max_cstate=1
Adding this kernel parameter in grub GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="intel_idle.max_cstate=1" solved the freezing issue.


ssh2_connect() give PHP Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Call to undefined function

After struggling for 2 days, My Linux Administrator suggested to install this package below.

sudo apt install php-ssh2

After installing the above package my ssh2_connect undefined function vanished.


It looks like the server and the client can connect to each other, if not the error would be different. This must be happening because of an update of Samba in the server, or (more rare) an update of Nautilus in the client. Also, it's possible that the settings of the server were changed (by another program). Try purging Samba (using Synaptic, for example, it's important that all Samba conf files be deleted, so /etc/samba should be empty), reinstall it, and disable encryption / passwords. If the client connects, try enabling them. If it stops connecting, compare the protocols / encryption systems used. Make sure the latest versions of Samba and Nautilus are installed.


While gv is a venerable and classic postscript viewer, it is not standard installed in Ubuntu 16.04. Did you try evince?

  evince plot.ps &


Add an entry for Ubuntu on Windows 8 boot loader

Are you using UEFI and Secure Boot?  I'm going to assume you are since you are picking a UEFI file.  I also would recommend disabling secure boot while you at least try to get it to work.  Re-enable it when done and re-test.

I'm assuming you are running a 64 bit Windows 8, and therefore must use a 64-bit Boot Loader per the UEFI standard, and then you must be running 64-Bit version of Ubuntu.  If you are not, then you have to disable UEFI.  I would recommend just re-installing with the 64 bit version.

To answer your question:

If you are using 64 bit Ubuntu the file I believe you should use would be located in

/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi

If you are using secure boot I think you will need to launch this file since it's signed:

/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi

If you are using 32-bit Ubuntu you must disable UEFI

So, here is a link about EasyBCD, looks like you must need 2.2 to have EFI support

https://neosmart.net/forums/showthread.php?t=9342

You would probably want to look for threads about GRUB using the last loaded and set it to zero time if you are using Windows the boot loader so you never see it if you pick Ubuntu.

I'm going to agree with the other answer, I highly recommend running GRUB as your boot loader.  It works great, it detects the Windows .efi files and launches them (Not in secure boot though this is bug #1091464).  I would be surprised if EasyBCD allows you to boot all OS's in SecureBoot.  I use Grub Customizer to delete unneeded entries, give it a background, and reduce the timer.  It's just far more customizable and has a lot of support and history.


Need to press f12 for selecting os every time i boot

In the BIOS settings, under "Boot options" (or similarly named option), choose HDD on which you have Ubuntu installed as the Default boot device. Save the changes.

This should automatically make your system boot into Ubuntu. Before starting Ubuntu, it might show you the option to start Windows as well (usually the last option). See below.

If Ubuntu starts, but does not give you the option to boot into Windows, then while in Ubuntu, open the terminal and use this command to update GRUB settings:

sudo update-grub

Reboot and check if you can see Windows option now.


At first create a bootable USB following this link. (from Step2)

When you get an option for selecting a drive to install windows delete all partitions and install Windows over it.

That's it windows installer will take care of the rest for you.


Get the upload url of a file copied to UbuntuOne by Shutter

It's also automatically copied to the clipboard...


The Ubuntu Core immage for Pi3 can be found here:

http://releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-core/16/ubuntu-core-16-pi3.img.xz

Info source: https://developer.ubuntu.com/en/snappy/start/raspberry-pi-2/

Personally I use a server image until I will get used to snaps:

http://www.finnie.org/software/raspberrypi/ubuntu-rpi3/ubuntu-16.04-preinstalled-server-armhf+raspi3.img.xz

Info source: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM/RaspberryPi


Error trying to upgrade from 10.04.4 to 12.04

Check by using this command:

  sudo apt-get update

  sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


Xubuntu 16.04--Default desktop icons suddenly disappeared

Ok, I tried a whole bunch of things to my own question, over the course of about 2 hrs, so I'm not 100% sure something I did before this wasn't part of the solution, but this worked for me:

In a terminal, do:

rm -R ~/.cache/sessions/*
xfdesktop
sudo reboot

Source: Desktop icons not showing up in xubuntu (and I cant right click on the desktop)

Once I did the above and my icons all came back, I changed my background back to the original one, as it was one of the fancy photos after doing the commands above. Here's what it looks like now:

I think I also did the following things before doing the commands above, but I do not think they were necessary. Nevertheless, I'll include them here for completeness' sake in case they were unknowingly part of the solution:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall xubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install --reinstall tango-icon-theme tango-icon-theme-common

...along with many restarts as I tried various things.
And I uninstalled nautilus too via sudo apt-get remove nautilus, as I had previously installed it as well.


Ubuntu won't run after installation on a Chromebook

If you installed it alongside chrome os, it could be the boot loader is off.  I haven't attempted this with chrome os, but I do it all the time when I dual boot with ubuntu and windows.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

Download and run boot repair disk, do the recommended repair, then restart your computer.

That solves most boot issues for me, but again do at your own risk.  I've never done it with chrome and I'm not very talented when it comes to boot, this is just a tool I found very useful.


"enable passive mode in your FTP client" What does it mean, and how I do it

If you are using the command-line ftp client, invoke it as pftp or ftp -p instead, which will enable passive mode. If not, find the documentation for your FTP client and search it for "passive mode". This link contains a detailed explanation of passive mode.


You should run a boot-repair via a live CD/DVD or USB drive. That should fix up your GRUB bootloader.


Remove sudo from one command in a large Bash script

Have you considered changing the folder permissions?

You can check it by right-clicking properties on the folder in your file explorer.


Ubuntu 12.10 i386 installed on MacBook but not working at all

First, unless you've got a fairly elderly Mac with a 32-bit EFI, you're better off with a 64-bit version of Ubuntu. Although you can boot a 32-bit version of Linux on a 64-bit Mac, doing so restricts your boot loader options and may require you to jump through some extra hoops. This may be what you're running into, so scrapping your new installation in favor of a native 64-bit installation may be in order.

Second, my suspicion is that you're booting in BIOS mode but you lack a hybrid MBR. This is an ugly hack that Apple uses to, among other things, activate the BIOS emulation (aka CSM) in the Mac's firmware. You may be able to get the system booting by creating a hybrid MBR with gdisk (part of the package of the same name in Ubuntu, IIRC); see my first link for detailed instructions on doing this.

Third, if you switch to a 64-bit version of Ubuntu, IMHO you're better off without a hybrid MBR. Instead, you should install an EFI-mode boot loader for Linux and boot with that. (Unfortunately, it's easier to install Ubuntu in BIOS mode, so you'll need to do this after installing Ubuntu.) Macs are a bit weird, though. Your best bet may be to switch from rEFIt (which hasn't been updated in three years) to its more recent fork, rEFInd. rEFInd can launch a Linux 3.3.0 or later kernel directly, without involving GRUB. This is most easily done if you install an EFI filesystem driver for whatever filesystem you use on Linux's /boot partition (or the root partition if you don't use a separate /boot) and create a /boot/refind_linux.conf file. This is all described in the rEFInd documentation.


That was a mistake to install nvidia drivers on a optimus enabled system.It won't work.
First you need to uninstall existing nvidia driver.

Uninstall nvidia, run following in terminal
sudo nvidia-uninstall

Reinstall the Mesa package for GL:
sudo apt-get --reinstall install libgl1-mesa-glx

When done, reboot with:
sudo reboot

To turnoff nvidia graphics card and use it only when required install The Bumblebee:
Add the Stable Bumblebee Releases PPA and install Bumblebee using the proprietary NVIDIA driver:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia

If you have 32-bit applications like Wine, and run 11.10 Oneiric or later, you will need extra libraries:
sudo apt-get install virtualgl-libs:i386

Allow yourself to use Bumblebee by adding yourself to the 'bumblebee' group. (replace $USER by your username)
sudo usermod -a -G bumblebee $USER

Reboot or re-login to apply the group changes
If you'd like to run a program on the nvidia card now, use the optirun program:
optirun firefox &
To test whether it is working, install mesa-utilities by executing sudo apt-get install mesa-utils

Run glxgears, wait for sometimes, you will get frame rate every 5 second and it will be like 50-60 fps. It means it is using intel card.

run optirun glxgears and see the framerates. It will be much higher indicating nvidia card is working.

Also you can run webgl tests with browsers.

Read more from bumblebee wiki
Linked Question:
Is a NVIDIA GeForce with Optimus Technology supported by Ubuntu?
How well will Nvidia Optimus cards be supported in 12.04?


Some words missing from comments in .odt file made in win8 and opened in ubuntu, via LibreOffice(in both)

Try this:

Unzip the .odt file to a folder.
Open content.xml in a web browser.
Start at <office:body> and look for comments, probably in office:annotation tags.

Is the data there?  If so, then move the usernames and passwords to a better place.  Especially I would not rely on comments for such valuable information.

If not, then the data is no longer in the document, and must have been deleted earlier.


Packet Tracer 7.3.0 cannot be installed on Ubuntu

I had the same difficulty. After spending a few days googling and trying various suggestions, the following solved most of the problems.

Downloaded and installed libdoule-conversion1 from this link:
https://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/libdouble-conversion1
Downloaded PacketTracer_730_amd64.deb from
https://www.netacad.com/portal/resources/packet-tracer
Unpacked the .deb file and edited the file named control in the DEBIAN folder. I simply opened with text editor and deleted qt-at-spi from the "Depends: libdouble-conversion1, qt-at-spi" line, and saved, repacked as fixed.deb.

Find detailed instructions here.
Installed the fixed .deb.
Rebooted.

Now Packet Tracer can only be launched from the terminal, the shortcut icon is not working. I remember seeing a solution for that somewhere, but I don't really mind.


Compare a variable that can have numeric or string as value

In this case you should use an arithmetic evaluation - (( expression )):

if (( $Seconds_Behind_Master >= 60 )); then
    echo "replication delayed > 60."
elif [ "$Seconds_Behind_Master" = "NULL" ]; then
    echo "Delay is Null."
fi

If you want to respect the standard POSIX, then you can use:

if echo $Seconds_Behind_Master | egrep -q '^[0-9]+$' && [ "$Seconds_Behind_Master" -ge "60" ] ; then
    echo "replication delayed >= 60."
elif [ "$Seconds_Behind_Master" = "NULL" ]; then
    echo "Delay is Null."
fi

More about: Shell - Test a numeric variable.


How to know what an application was doing in background?

In short (summary of the below):

USE AppArmor

In my opinion one of your best bets to see what the program is doing is AppArmor.  AppArmor is one of the [LSM][1] (Linux Security modules) in the kernel and in the case of Ubuntu the "LSM of choice" which is already installed on your system :)

some background to AppArmor + LSM

(you can skip this explenation part and go to the recipie/solution below directly)

In brief and most likely "too simplifying" words:
AppArmor is a LSM. LSM is in the kernel and thereby perfect for monitoring stuff. Alternatives in "userspace" (not in the kernel) could for instance not be so excat and tamper-proof as a LSM like AppArmor. The AppArmor in the kernel is consulted upon all the requests that programs have on resources. In a way it is asked for "allowance/access" to resources that programs do. If a program wants to access /path/to/somefile.txt AppArmor/LSM is notified and can grand or reject this. AppArmor is configured by using Profiles so that it may know what things a program may or may not access. Actually if there is "no Profile" AppArmor just allows all access and does not very much.
So since our goal would be to "monitor" or "survey" the program you have doubts about, we need to setup a little temporary profile, so that AppArmor does care.
Normaly the purpose of such a profile is actually to restrict the program. We "only" want to "monitor" it. In AppArmor this is called the "complain" mode of Profile. In this "complain mode" the program can still do everything, but AppArmor will log all those things in the logfile at /var/log/syslog

An AppArmor profile to set application /usr/bin/programXYZ in complain mode (=monitor it) is a textfile in the /etc/apparmor.d/ directory that would look like this:

/usr/bin/XYZ flags(complain) {
#empty
}

With such a profile for /usr/bin/programXYZ in complain mode AppArmor monitors it and writes all information in /var/log/syslog. This looks for instance like this.

Dec 21 11:13:44 ubuntu kernel: [23726.684803] type=1400 audit(1356084824.937:1445): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/bin/programXYZ" pid=17517 comm="apparmor_parser"
Dec 21 11:13:55 ubuntu kernel: [23737.312157] type=1400 audit(1356084835.589:1446): apparmor="ALLOWED" operation="open" parent=17446 profile="/usr/bin/programXYZ" name="/etc/ld.so.cache" pid=17518 comm="df" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=0
Dec 21 11:13:55 ubuntu kernel: [23737.312176] type=1400 audit(1356084835.589:1447): apparmor="ALLOWED" operation="getattr" parent=17446 profile="/usr/bin/programXYZ" name="/etc/ld.so.cache" pid=17518 comm="df" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=0
Dec 21 11:13:55 ubuntu kernel: [23737.312225] type=1400 audit(1356084835.589:1448): apparmor="ALLOWED" operation="open" parent=17446 profile="/usr/bin/programXYZ" name="/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so" pid=17518 comm="df" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=0
Dec 21 11:13:55 ubuntu kernel: [23737.312250] type=1400 audit(1356084835.589:1449): apparmor="ALLOWED" operation="getattr" parent=17446 profile="/usr/bin/programXYZ" name="/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so" pid=17518 comm="df" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=0
Dec 21 11:13:55 ubuntu kernel: [23737.312269] type=1400 audit(1356084835.589:1450): apparmor="ALLOWED" operation="file_mmap" parent=17446 profile="/usr/bin/programXYZ" name="/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so" pid=17518 comm="df" requested_mask="mr" denied_mask="mr" fsuid=1000 ouid=0

As you can see, there is a record of everything the /usr/bin/programXYZ has accessed (file) and done (i.e. processes started).

The solution / setup for such a temp profile (recepie)

remark: it seems "complicated" (many steps) indeed it is not. I simply wanted to explain it quite well, incoperating and explaining it well to understand.

Be happy that AppArmor is already installed on your Ubuntu box :)
Find out the path of the program you are interested in. In a Terminal type
which programXYZ and you will most likely see something like /path/to/programXYZ. Let's assume here this would be /usr/bin/programXYZ.
Generate a Apparmor profile to set the program in complain mode (remember this is what makes AppArmor care for it. Assuming you are not root this would be done by this somehow quirky (still correct) command:
sudo bash -c " echo -e \"/usr/bin/programXYZ flags=(complain) {\n #enpty\n}\" >/etc/apparmor.d/myTempProfile". Of course you have to change /usr/bin/programXYZ to the path you found out in the step before.
Next you can check if the profile was generated correctly by sudo cat /etc/apparmor.d/myTempProfile which should print something like this:

/usr/bin/programXYZ flags(complain) {
#empty
}

Know we have to set the newly created Profile (in the file /etc/apparmor.d/myTempProfile) active. This done by this command: sudo  apparmor_parser -r /etc/apparmor.d/myTempProfile"
Now after all is setup. You need to start the program newly. If the program is already running, this is not captured by AppArmor yet. So either you can manage manually kill an restart the program. Or if it is kind of a "autostarted" deamon you must reboot the system.
Congrats: you know can look into /var/log/syslog to see what AppArmor logs regarding you porgamXYZ. A nice way to do so could be in the terminal by this command: sudo cat /var/log/syslog | grep "/usr/bin/programXYZ"

If there are some doubts or you have trouble implementing, comment here so I can help you out!

Remark: Following these instructions you will get a "rather comprising" extensive list of things a program does. Easily there can be 100+ things a program does that are recorded by AppArmor. After all any access (i.e. loading a shared library) is always something that AppArmor records. If your program has many dependencies and uses a fair number of shared objects then the list can easily become quite lengthy. I say this so that you won't be scared by the large number of informaiton that using AppArmor complain will generate for you. It can be a challange to see through all of this. On the plus side you will not risk to oversee anything that /usr/bin/programXYZ does.


The actual solution to this problem was discovered by the original poster (and did not involve editing any of APT's configuration files). resolv.conf was blank. Adding a name server to it enabled apt-get to work. As the OP said:

  my /etc/resolv.conf was blank, had no nameservers what-so-ever. added
  'nameserver 8.8.8.8' and presto! apt-get is my friend again!

Sources: See this revision to the question. The quote above is from this old (now deleted) comment.


Type '' is not known on line 3 in source list

Move getdeb.list.bck file to another location.

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb.list.bck ~/Desktop

And then remove '' from the file /etc/apt/sources.list.d/libdvdcss.list in the line 3.

You can do this through sudo -H nautilus command. Finally run sudo apt-get update to update all repositories.


Merging unallocated spaces as a single unallocated space to install windows

This is because the two spaces are not contigious on the drive and hence you cannot merge them. To work around this do the following steps:

Boot from a Ubuntu LiveUSB and open gparted
Extend /dev/sda1 (might be named differently) into one of the unallocated spaces
Perform operations
Now resize /dev/sda1 such that the now unallocated space is in the same side as the already existing unallocated space.
Perform operations


1.Basic alarm clock function

Entering suspend mode

for this solution, you need to enter suspend mode by running the script below. It makes the computer go into suspend mode and wakes you up at a (clock-) time, defined by you (in the script). playing your song.

Of course you can simply run the script manually to use it, but it is more convenient to make it available via a key combination, set in System Settings > Keyboard > Shortcuts > Custom Shortcuts.

Set up

Paste the script below in an empty file, set the wake up (clock) time (in 1-24 hours, 1-60 minutes), set the path to your wake up song, and save it as wakeup.py.

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import datetime
import subprocess

###############################################
# set wakeuptime and location of the mp3:
hour = 7
minutes = 15
command = "rhythmbox /path/to/wakeupsong.mp3"
###############################################

currtime = str(datetime.datetime.now().time()).split(":")[:2]
minutes_set = hour*60 + minutes
minutes_curr = int(currtime[0])*60 + int(currtime[1])
if minutes_curr < minutes_set:
    minutes_togo = minutes_set - minutes_curr
else:
    minutes_togo = minutes_set + 1440-minutes_curr
interval = minutes_togo*60

run = "rtcwake -m disk -s "+str(interval)+" && "+"sleep 20 &&"+command
subprocess.call(['/bin/bash', '-c', run])

make the script executable
Set a key combination to run the script; open System Preferences > Keyboard > Shortcuts > Custom Shortcuts, add the command

sudo /path/to/wakeup.py (sudo = assuming you do the next step below)

and choose a key combination
The script needs administrator's privileges. To run it without having to enter the password, open the sudoers file:

sudo visudo

add the line to the very bottom of the file:

[your_username] ALL=NOPASSWD: [/path/to/wakeup.py]

Note that the sudoers file is an essential file; errors in the file possibly lead to serious problems, so be careful!

N.B.

After wake up, the computer is idle for 20 seconds before the alarm starts.
If you do not want to edit the sudoers file, you need to install
gksu: sudo apt-get install gksu. In that case, the command to run
the script is gksu /path/to/wakeup.py, and you will be prompted for
your password each time you run it.

Now you can enter suspend mode with your key combination and you'll get woken by your wake up song.

2.Extended version including stop function when (any) key or mouse is hit

The differences between this one and the "basic" version is that in this one the alarm stops when any keystroke or mouse movement is detected (more convenient than stopping Rhythmbox on the computer when you just woke up), and that the alarm automatically exits after a defined period of time.

The setup is pretty much the same as the basic version, but xprintidle needs to be installed, to detect keystroke- or mouse movement events:

sudo apt-get install xprintidle

The script:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import subprocess
import time
import datetime
from threading import Thread

#-------------------------- edit settings below -------------------------------
max_wakeupduration = 1              # max time the song will play (minutes)
wakeup_hour = 7                     # wake up hour (0-24)
wakeup_minute = 15                  # wake up minute
wakeup_song = "/path/to/song.mp3"   # path to wake up song
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

def stop_wakeup():
    time1 = int(time.time()); time2 = time1
    last_idle = 0
    playtime = max_wakeupduration*60
    while time2 - time1 < playtime:
        get_idle = subprocess.Popen(["xprintidle"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        curr_idle = int(get_idle.communicate()[0].decode("utf-8"))
        if curr_idle < last_idle:
            break
        else:
            last_idle = curr_idle
            time.sleep(1)
            time2 = int(time.time())
    subprocess.Popen(["pkill", "rhythmbox"])

def calculate_time():
    currtime = str(datetime.datetime.now().time()).split(":")[:2]
    minutes_set = wakeup_hour*60 + wakeup_minute
    minutes_curr = int(currtime[0])*60 + int(currtime[1])
    if minutes_curr < minutes_set:
        minutes_togo = minutes_set - minutes_curr
    else:
        minutes_togo = minutes_set + 1440-minutes_curr
    return minutes_togo*60

def go_asleep():
    sleeptime = calculate_time()
    run = "rtcwake -m disk -s "+str(sleeptime)+" && "+"sleep 20"
    subprocess.call(['/bin/bash', '-c', run])
    combined_actions()

def play_song():
    command = "rhythmbox "+wakeup_song
    subprocess.Popen(['/bin/bash', '-c', command])

def combined_actions():
    Thread(target = play_song).start()
    Thread(target = stop_wakeup).start()

go_asleep()

Explanation

rtcwake

Both scripts are written around the rtcwake command, as explained here. The command can be used to put the computer into suspend and wake up after a defined amount of time (and optionally run a command after wake up). The -m disk option is used, since OP mentioned his computer does not support "suspend to RAM" feature in BIOS. See also man rtcwake.

The stop function

The stop function works by a function that measures idle time every second while the song is playing, and remembers the last idle time. IF the last idle time exceeds the current one, it means a keystroke or mouse event has taken place, and Rhythmbox is killed.


You need update the apt repository lists using:

sudo apt-get update

then try again

sudo apt-get install gparted

Also you can install Gparted from the source. To do so, run the following commands in Terminal:

sudo apt-get build-dep gparted
sudo apt-get install git gnome-common
git clone git://git.gnome.org/gparted
cd gparted
./autogen.sh
make
sudo make install

Also if none above works please check your /etc/apt/sources.list or try to change to main server and then run again:  sudo apt update

default apt source list:

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner


Ubuntu18.04 boot freeze after downgrade kernel to 5.3.0-62-generic to cope with nvidia driver

if your system freezes at the DELL logo, that is presumably before the bootloader (grub) even gets to load your kernel, i.e. you might have misconfigured your grub.


Lubuntu menus appear in second language, not the default language

Maybe it works if you delete Korean from the language support window. If at that point you set English system-wide, it has no other choice but to put the menu to English. Then after install Korean again. Don't forget to also set English system wide on your Regional Formats tab.


As per this post, when you run fusuma with sudo the config file is not properly (whatever that means) read.
You have to run it as your regular user.
I am not sure in which cases using sudo would work or not. As per the voting of the answer you linked, it does work in many cases.
Note that in a post by the developer of fusuma, it is started without sudo.
It is worth reading that post, since it mentions a couple of points that may be crucial:

You "need to log out and log in (or restart) from X".
fusuma -d keeps it running in the background when the terminal is closed.

Consistently, in the Github readme page, which contains the installation instructions linked in the answer you linked, fusuma is also run without sudo. I wouldn't know why the answerer Rachit Kinger uses sudo.
You can take advantage of libinput debug-gui in this or other occasion, as also mentioned in that same thread.


Open a terminal window and type

sudo apt-get update


Can't find the Software in the activities

Two possible methods are available for this, the GUI or using the terminal:
GUI:

Open "Software & Updates"

go to the "Other Software" tab
click "Add.."
paste your source there
Close Software and Updates and allow sources refresh

(In older versions of ubuntu (including ubuntu 18.04) you could also open this from the top-bar menu of the "Software Center")
Terminal:
 sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco main"


Why can't I see my new partition in the file system

Try to create ext4 partition,which was the successor of ext3 and ext2 filesystems.After creating ext4 partition,your ubuntu will detect it and automatically mounted it.There you can store all your datas.

OR

open gparted,note the ext2 filesystem label.It will be like /dev/sdxx.The xx denotes last two letters of your ext2 partition label.Then try the below command to manually mount it.

sudo mount /dev/sdxx


Getting all the temporary Internet files after clear history

You need undelete software to do this but if you touched your browser and it created new files you can probably forget about it. You need to restore the hidden directory chrome from your home directory: /home/$USER/.config/google-chrome/  (if needed make a backup of what is there at the moment)


Hi GVS and welcome to Askubuntu! I believe I see the problem: You haven't created an EFI partition! This partition is where the installer will place grub during installation on a UEFI system, but without that partition, grub can't be installed. To fix this, we will need to re-partition your drive. Please follow the steps below:

Open a terminal and type gksudo gparted (ifgparted is not installed, then you must run sudo apt install gparted, first). Once gparted is open, right-click on each partition and click "Delete".
Create a partition 300 Mib in size, formatted as FAT32.
Create your other partitions as normal.
Right-click your first partition (the one formatted as FAT32), choose "Manage Flags", and then click the check boxes for "boot" and "esp".
Lastly, click the "Apply All Operations" icon near the top of the window.

After following these steps, you may run the installer as normal. Please let me know if you need any further assistance :)


Error while loading shared libraries: libgthread-2.0.so.0

I'm not sure this warrants a separate question so I'm posting it here. In order to install IDA Pro on Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit, it requires a few more 32-bit dependencies:

sudo apt-get install libfontconfig1:i386 libXrender1:i386 libsm6:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386

Once you install those, IDA appears to start fine.


Changes to keyboard layout resetted on restart

It seems Ubuntu stores cached copies of the keyboard layouts in /var/lib/xkb.

To solve this issue, delete the xkm files in /var/lib/xkb: sudo rm /var/lib/xkb/*.xkm and logout and in again.

This solved the issue for me.


Try ps aux see if that works for you.  Please let me know if you need further help on this.


When I have an interrupted boot process, it shows a text-based Xubuntu splash screen. How can I change this?

Fixed it myself!

sudo update-alternatives --config text.plymouth
sudo update-initramfs -u


Ubuntu server 20.04 Ryzen 7 3700X freezes

At my config (x570 AORUS ELITE, Ryzen 7500x) I've completely got rid of sporadic freezes by upgrading kernel to x86_64-linux-5.6.0-050600-generic which believed to treat Zen2 right.


What are the shortcut keys to lock screen on Ubuntu 18.04?

It's Super+L. Super is usually the key with Windows logo.

You can also change it to something you prefer using the Settings application (go to Devices > Keyboard).


How can I make a script autostart after I log into my computer on Ubuntu Mate 15.10?

Might be ubuntu-mate startup program taking time to load(touchpad driver). you can try adding sleep into your above script.

#!/bin/bash
sleep 30
xinput set-prop 10 "Device Enabled" 0
exit 0

Please increase the sleep time if above does not work.


Advance working of /etc/hosts file in ubuntu

Straight out of the hosts manpage:

Modifications to this file normally take effect immediately, except in
cases where the file is cached by applications.

Saving the file triggers the re-read.


As the netstat -tlpn output indicates you don't have port 22 is in LISTEN state that is the port is closed.

As for the Online scan results, this should be the results from scanning the public IP interface of your router (could be the proxy in your case).


Unable to install extensions on GRASS GIS

I was able to successfully install grass-dev using sudo apt install grass-dev, i guess i had all the dependencies installed already. I guess you're almost there, install the dependencies listed below, and you should be good to go.

Here is a look at my grass-dev dependencies:

abel@i5myUbuntu:~$ dpkg --status grass-dev | grep Depends
Depends: grass-core (= 7.2.1-3), fakeroot, libfreetype6-dev, libgdal-dev, libpq-dev, libproj-dev, python, libc6 (>= 2.2.5)


Can I buy less than 20GB of additional storage on Ubuntu One?

It is not a limited offer and you can get 2GB for free. Me and my daughters have 2GB for free each. We share data even when I'm away. It's just awesome :)

and 2GB is enough yeah.


If you have 1 disk with linux and another 1 with windows, go to the boot settings and set the disk with linux in priority or if you have 1 disk (linux and windows on it) the GRUB should ask you what you want to boot


Why can I remove a file as user which is owned by root?

Because unlinking a file needs write access on the containing directory.  One can indeed get this indirectly by dint of owning the directory, since if one is the owner one can always grant onesself write access.  But in this case you'll find that your home directory is, already, writable by you.  Ownership of the directory is not the necessity.  Write access is.  That includes write access via "other", via group membership, or via an ACL entry, where they apply.


Ubuntu 16.04 requiring manual interaction to become 'active' after reboot?

Edit systemd's configuration file using:

gksu gedit /etc/systemd/logind.conf

Look for and change this line to look like:

HandleLidSwitchDocked=ignore

HTH


Problem with terminal and shell how to resolve?

You got your syntax wrong it aught to be:

sudo digit

Then enter your password to run digit as root user


You can use the gtkpod Ipod manager which is available from the software center.


The program you're searching for is called caffeine.
They have a ppa so you can install it with ease, check:

https://launchpad.net/~caffeine-developers/+archive/ppa


Issue installing Electrum on Ubuntu 18.04

I suspect there are things to polish with the new .local directory structure in Ubuntu and how applications use it...

I would recommend you to repeat the command without the --user parameter from the user console (If --user is used the dependencies are not later correctly found):

python3 -m pip install Electrum-3.3.8.tar.gz

It will be quick as all packages are already downloaded.

Create a symbolic link:

sudo ln -s ~/.local/bin/electrum /usr/local/bin/electrum

Then you can run electrum with:

electrum


How to get kernel index for grub default?

In /etc/default/grub:

GRUB_DEFAULT=
The default menu entry. This may be a number, in which case it identifies the Nth entry in the generated menu counted from zero, or the title of a menu entry, or the special string ‘saved’. Using the title may be useful if you want to set a menu entry as the default even though there may be a variable number of entries before it.
For example, if you have (grep -i menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg):
menuentry 'Example GNU/Linux distribution' --class gnu-linux { ... }

then you can make this the default using:
GRUB_DEFAULT='Example GNU/Linux distribution'

If you set this to ‘saved’, then the default menu entry will be that saved by ‘GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT’, grub-set-default, or grub-reboot.
The default is ‘0’.

GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=
If this option is set to ‘true’, then, when an entry is selected, it saves it as a new default entry for use by future runs of GRUB. This is only useful if ‘GRUB_DEFAULT=saved’; it is a separate option because ‘GRUB_DEFAULT=saved’ is useful without this option, in conjunction with grub-set-default or grub-reboot. Unset by default.


20-nvidia.conf in xorg.conf.d doesnt exist

I had success generating a new xorg.conf simply with nvidia-xconfig in the terminal. Added in the aforementioned "metamodes" option, moved and renamed xorg.conf to /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-nvidia.conf and haven't seen screen tearing since.

This section on the ArchWiki was most useful


How do I restore my KDE desktop to default?

To reset you user's KDE modifications to defaults open a terminal and type

mv ~/.kde4 ~/.kde4.old

Log off and log back in and all the KDE settings will be recreated fresh.

That will move the folder where KDE keeps his settings in to another folder with .old in the end of the name. When you log in KDE will create a new .kde4 folder and all the settings used will be the default.

If you want to restore the previous settings you need to have a backup in your home folder inside the .kde4.old folder.


Will “Erase Ubuntu16.10 and reinstall” keep my Win7 installation?

As it says in the answer to erase ubuntu and reinstall will it affect windows and other windows partitions the Erase Ubuntu and reinstall option in the Installation type screen of the Ubuntu installer will erase Ubuntu and reinstall it over the existing Ubuntu partitions without overwriting Windows if Windows is installed alongside Ubuntu.

This was reported as a critical bug in Ubuntu 13.10:
Install/reinstall wipes out all/other partitions and a fix for this bug was released in the Ubuntu 14.04.2 point release.


CompizConfig killed Unity, only Unity2D works now

Seems that the Unity Plugin got deactivated in CCSM.

When you're on the empty desktop create a new file, open it, type ccsm and save the file. Close it and via right click and properties make the file executable. Then launch it and CCSM should open. Check if the Ubuntu Unity Plugin got unchecked.


No more space available even if there is a lot

Like @Rinzwind and @heemayl suugested i ran out of inodes searching on google i foudn the answer ...
http://www.ivankuznetsov.com/2010/02/no-space-left-on-device-running-out-of-inodes.html

this is the solution

check available Inodes

$ df -i

find which directory is having more inodes

$ for i in /*; do echo $i; find $i |wc -l; done

recursivly repeat the search until you find the problem

$ for i in /DIRWITHHIGHINODES/*; do echo $i; find $i |wc -l; done

once you found the suspect – just delete the files

$ sudo rm -rf /home/bad_user/directory_with_lots_of_empty_files

You’re done. Check the results with df -i command again. You should see something like this:


Ubuntu 16.04 - AMD R9 390 video screentearing

AMD Radeon R9 390 is a GCN 1.1 GPU (HAWAII), so it should use the Radeon kernel driver, not amdgpu.

Speaking about "proprietary" drivers, you can't install fglrx/Catalyst drivers in Ubuntu 16.04 or later. AMD discontinued this driver before Xenial was released, so the fglrx/Catalyst driver doesn't support the 4.4 Linux kernel or newer. Don't try to do it, it's useless ;)

As far as I know, you have two alternatives:

Install a newer version of Ubuntu (16.10...), which should have a better support for newer graphics cards thanks to the open source Radeon [1] or Amdgpu drivers. You can test Ubuntu 16.10 with a LiveUSB, but remember this release is supported only for only 9 months, then you can upgrade to Zesty.
If you want to keep using Ubuntu 16.04 LTS with kernel Linux 4.4 (supported until 2021), you can install the new "hybrid" AMD driver: AMDGPU-Pro [2]

[1] https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RadeonDriver
[2] http://support.amd.com/en-us/kb-articles/Pages/AMDGPU-PRO-Driver-for-Linux-Release-Notes.aspx


Ubuntu install problem: "USB disconnect address 2"

Disclaimer: I'm a newbie.

I had a similar problem a few days ago where the installation would apparently "hang" at around 85% progress. It would work on the disk for a while, then nothing, then work a little again. I killed the machine and started the installation all over, and this time the installation went quickly without long pauses.

If you don't have anything to lose (and don't have other operating systems or boot partitions on that disk), then I'd recommend that you just power the machine off and on again, and start over. The installation is so quick (when it works) that it doesn't really pay off to wait too long when it seems to hang.

If the installer won't complete next time either, then perhaps there's something else wrong.


WSL Interoperability: Open Windows 10 applications w/ Bash (Windows Linux Subsystem)

I use Atom as my code editor. Typing atom somefile.py opens the Python file in Atom regardless of whether or not I type it in Windows or Linux on the subsystem.

It sounds like you want this same functionality, but instead of typing atom, you want to have your own custom command.

This can be done with aliases. For example, if I type alias code='atom $1' into the Linux bash, and then type code somefile.py, it opens in Atom.

These aliases will disappear once you close the bash window, so most people instead put them in a file called ~/.bashrc which is automatically run when you open a new Linux bash window, so your command will be ready to use all the time.


How to check opened/closed ports on my computer?

There's a few parameters to netstat that are useful for this :

-l or --listening shows only the sockets currently listening for incoming connection.
-a or --all shows all sockets currently in use.
-t or --tcp shows the tcp sockets.
-u or --udp shows the udp sockets.
-n or --numeric shows the hosts and ports as numbers, instead of resolving in dns and looking in /etc/services.

You use a mix of these to get what you want. To know which port numbers are currently in use, use one of these:

netstat -atn           # For tcp
netstat -aun           # For udp
netstat -atun          # For both

In the output all port mentioned are in use either listening for incoming connection or connected to a peer** all others are closed. TCP and UDP ports are 16 bits wide (they go from 1-65535)

** They can also be connecting/disconnecting from the peer.


can't find directory and file created with ubuntu

You can use the find command to "find" files and folders on your disk.

Since your file is most likely in your home folder, first run this command, to scan the home folder:

find $HOME | grep "colors.txt"

This command will output all results matching "colors.txt". For example, it may return something like this:

/home/<your_username>/Desktop/colors.txt

If so, that is the location of your file.

If instead, the command returns no output, you may wish to try scanning the entire disk. Do note that this will take some time, especially if you have mounted volumes:

find / 2> /dev/null | grep "colors.txt"

The 2> /dev/null will hide error output, since some directories on the root filesystem are inaccessible. However, this command should output the location of "colors.txt" on your drive. You will see multiple results if it appears more than once.

Hopefully this helps you.


How can I rename items in places I don't own, like / , and why shouldn't I?

It is usually bad to rename items that reside directly in / or directly in any of its subfolders (like /usr). In fact, you should avoid renaming anything outside your home directory unless you are sure you need to do so and that you're doing it correctly. Otherwise, you might rename something critical to the functioning of your Ubuntu system, causing it to stop working (or stop working properly).
If you find yourself asking something like the question above, you should consider posting a new question, where you provide more information about what you want to accomplish, or add details if you've already asked your question.
In the Terminal
To rename a file or folder in the Terminal, use the mv command (the same command used to move a file or folder from one place to another on the same partition):
mv old-name new-name
If the file or folder resides in a folder where you do not have write permissions (which is often the case when you are not its owner), then you must run run this command as root with sudo:
sudo mv old-name new-name
(Or you could use sudo -u username mv old-name new-name to perform the renaming operation as another non-root user, if you prefer. Also, please note that if you have write permissions on a directory you don't own, but its sticky bit is set, you won't be able to rename files inside it that are not owned by you, without using sudo.)
In Nautilus
You can run the file manager, Nautilus, as root by pressing Alt+F2 and running the command gksu nautilus. This will let you rename files and folders anywhere and do all sorts of other powerful and dangerous things.
Be careful, and remember that any programs you launch (like by opening documents) from a root Nautilus window will also run as root, and make sure to close the window when you're done so you don't later confuse it with a regular, safer Nautilus window.
But please do not rename stuff outside your home directory, unless you really, really know what you are doing. It will probably break your Ubuntu system badly. And it will probably not accomplish whatever you are trying to achieve.
Thanks to richard for helping to clarify the conditions under which a user  can rename an item without a Permission denied error.


Unable to install virtual box guest additions on Lubuntu 16.04

I managed to solve my problem, it is pretty easy.

What I did was I opened terminal and typed:

apt update
apt upgrade #To install Linux headers
apt install gcc
apt install make
cd /media/"username"/VBOX*
./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
reboot

Then I set the monitor screen resolution to mine (which is 1360x644)

Then I restarted it again.

And it is done


Is it possible to install Ubuntu on my iMac OSX 10.8.5?

Yes, it is very much possible, download ubuntu from the Ubuntu Downloads Page and then either Create a bootable flash disk or Burn it onto DVD and then restart your machine with the either the disc inside the machine or the flash disk attached to the usb port.

I beleive noboy is a dummy, but if you really are not getting it, Click this link to see detailed information and procedures on the installation process.


I just installed Ubuntu 14.04 and I cannot see any wifi connections

Assuming that your Wi-Fi adapter is in working condition in other OS (i.e. Windows).
So just go for the following check marks:

Check for hard switch check:
rfkill list all
if it shows hard/soft block, resolve it:
rfkill unblock all

relevantrfkill explanation
If doesn't work go for driver check for that here is the link:
WifiDocs/WirelessTroubleShootingGuide/Drivers

It covers all the details how to resolve the issue resolve the driver issue.
After all this still it doesn't work then may be something went wrong with your hardware.


KDE Plasma crashes after installing 7zip .msi version in wine

This bug is not really Ubuntu related, if you insist on running the Windows version of 7zip via Wine, I suggest you hit a Wine related forum.

if your goal is only to add 7zip support to your system, I recommend you install those packages instead

sudo apt install liblzma5 p7zip p7zip-full

ark should even be able to open them, but worse case you got the command line.

hope this helps.


How to restore wine windows after alt+tab to show desktop

I fixed the problem on my machine by upgrading to wine version wine-1.6.2

Wine site to download package

Alternately till 1.5.*, I used to run my apps and games in windowed mode, thus allowing me to move between the windows.

Can you also mention your OS and wine versions and what app you have been using?


How to make NTFS partition for storage alongside Ubuntu installation?

... But how do I partition this do I place

the NTFS partition in (far left) front, and then swap, and then ext4(/), and then FAT32 (/home) or;
NTFS partition at the end (far right) of Ubuntu partitions?

First we concluded that the internal drive with Windows boots in BIOS alias legacy mode, but you decided to boot this external drive in UEFI mode anyway.

With Windows 10 you can put the NTFS partition 'anywhere'. I would put it at the end (behind the operating system).

Older Windows operating systems could only read partition number one in USB drives, but current Windows 10 can read all partitions, if there are Microsoft file systems (FAT32, exFAT, NTFS) or UDF. So if you intend to connect the external drive to a computer with Windows 8 or an older version, partition #1 should contain the NTFS file system.


18.04: Playing DVD movie fails with error "missing dvd ac-3 (atsc a/52) decoder"


Really, go with SSHFS.  All you need to do is set up a guest account and password that can be SSH'd into.  Then users can upload anything they want into a folder on the server.  FTP is much less secure, and is easier to hack/be hacked.  I would go with SSHFS.  Plus, you get the added benefit of being able to use RSA/DSA authentication keys.


This is a better howto for getting Oracle Java7 installed on Ubuntu: http://www.webupd8.org/2012/01/install-oracle-java-jdk-7-in-ubuntu-via.html


Went to Thunderbird in Dash-right clicked on ICON-Compose New Message - Help - Restart With Add-ons Disabled - and it now works


how to set a static ip on ubuntu 14.04 which is runing on wmware workstation 10.

sudo -s
ip link show
chose your network interface
nano /etc/network/interfaces
allow-hotplug nameOfYourNetworkInterface
iface nameOfYourNetworkInterface inet static
    address yourIPAddress
    netmask yourMask
    gateway yourGateway
    dns-nameservers IPAddressOfYourDNSServer IPAddressOfYourSecondDNSServer


Just installed Ubuntu 14, very bad performance on games, need help

first of all, i had csgo on my lappy running on win7 64bit, 4gb ram and i used to get around 60fps. So i think the problem here is with linux. Secondly linux is not really for gaming, you should have side loaded it with your windows if you are a gamer.
Now coming to your solution, try changing the windows compability layer software/package you are using. Try "playonlinux" or "wine" or any other and check the fps.
Sorry but i dont know how to see which video card is being used by linux.


How to fix missing dropbox panel icon with a startup script?

Timing issue
I am pretty sure it is because of the timing. The command most likely runs before its target is "in the field".
Changing the command into:
/bin/bash -c "sleep 15 && dropbox stop && env DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS="" dropbox start -i"

...will probably do the job.


Launcher and panel disappeared after enabling Wobbly Windows and Desktop Cube effects

Compiz is known not to work too well with cube in natty. Get to the terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and run command

unity --reset

and then go back to wall setting in compiz.

And if you will not be able to get to terminal then right click on desktop and create launcher for it - command line is

gnome-terminal


Ok!

Problem was in toolbar widget settings...
After messing up with toolbar setting in glade it is nicely filled in whole container.


I want to remap my keyboard to work like my Macbook Air, but I have tried and can't seem to - how do i do it?

The general idea about remapping keyboard layout by ready-made clothing. Luckily, Macs have a set of layouts.

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

Then you see the Macbook Pro layout, select it and determine whether the mod keys like fn+F1 works as you expected, if not, use the following methods to get what you want.

xev

This command tells you when the key or mouse button was pressed or released. Take a note of the number and identify what code is set to the key.

I will omit the brightness shortcut issue and give the link already tells better than my description, see How to change the shortcut to adjust brightness?
also Macbook Pro backlight control not working on Ubuntu 16.04

To swap the Control key and the Super(Command) key:

sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Open tweak tool and

Then your command (super_L) key is working as control_L thus you can copy and paste with the Mac-like shortcut in real keyboard, but please remember the key is no longer a super_L key, when the instruction is given e.g. use control + any key, you have to remind control key is on the left command key. Enjoy your day!


I solved it. It has to do with a glitch when two monitors are in use. My laptop monitor alone displays it fine, but my external monitor does not for some resolution-related reason.


OSSEC HIDS reports "Interface entered in promiscuous(sniffing) mode"

If you installed software that allows sniffing and get this when starting software like WireShark then:

Stop worrying!  You'll have a heart attack before your time!  ;-)
Promiscuous mode on a computer has nothing to do with catching nasty viruses like AIDS...  It just means that your network adapter will be able to read TCP/IP packets that are meant for other adapters.  (A.k.a. "sniffing" and that's a great tool to find obscure TCP/IP communication bugs)


How does `apt remove` know which files should be removed?

"How does it know which files to remove?" is exactly the same question as "How does it know which files to install?" You gave apt/dpkg that information in the package structure.
Files created at runtime must be removed by a prerm script in order to meet the Debian standard of idempotence: apt install foo followed by apt remove foo must return your system to state before the install.
Two exceptions:

Files in /etc are removed by "purge", not by "remove".
Files in /home are never removed by apt/dpkg. Those belong to the users.

Apt/dpkg does not have any setting to remove only a binary and leave other (non- /etc) files in place. If other packages depend upon a library, then package that library separately.


Need help to fix owner, groups and user permissions in Xubuntu 16.04.6

It sounds like you have stirred your system with a rootstick, run GUI tools as root, and in general, behaved carelessly. What's the users-admin command? However,

To see what root owns in your $HOME directory,

sudo find $HOME -user root

and, to change them back to you,

sudo find $HOME -user root -print0 \
    xargs -0 -r sudo chown "$USER"

If sudo doesn't work for you, you've really broken your system. I hope you have backed up your data.

If you KNOW of a file you've messed with, find the package that provides it, and re-install that package. For example, if you've changed the permission/ownership of /bin/su, you could do:

walt@bat:~(127)$ type -p su
/bin/su
walt@bat:~(0)$ dpkg -S $(!!)
dpkg -S $(type -p su)
login: /bin/su
walt@bat:~(0)$ sudo apt-get install --reinstall login

But, the easiset, safest way is to backup your data, ensure that you can read your backup, reinstall the WHOLE system, and restore.


How to add the old startup sound (not login sound)?

To add back the startup sound click on the power menu in the top right and select Startup Applications:

Then select the Add button to add a new command and enter the following in the respective boxes:

Name: GNOME login sound

Command: /usr/bin/canberra-gtk-play --id="desktop-login" --description="GNOME Login"

Press the Add button, close the Startup Applications box and reboot to enjoy your old sound again!


reboot now doesn't work in Ubuntu installtion CD/USB

I assume you mean the Windows utility that is included on Ubuntu CD/USB.  I haven't seen that one in a while, but believe that this button does nothing special to install Ubuntu (in fact, it can't). It simply tries to tell your system to reboot, which is something you can probably do by other means.

What you actually need to do to install Ubuntu (or any other operating system) is to make your computer boot from the medium. If you tried restarting your computer with CD/USB in and you still haven't seen Ubuntu menu, your machine is apparently not configured to do so.

So you need to tell your BIOS to boot from CD/USB.  How exactly this is done?  I strongly recommend reading up on this on your PC or motherboard manual, but generally there are two approaches:

use a dedicated keyboard shortcut to bring up Boot menu

on Dell machines it's often F12
on some (older) machines such shortcut is missing, there's only
the other way

enter BIOS setup and configure it to try to boot from devices in fixed
order

e.g. USB, then CD, then HDD
on almost every desktop I have seen, BIOS was accessed via
Del

Only opportunity to enter BIOS or boot menu is when the machine is starting, just for the first few seconds.  Watch messages shown on screen for the shortcuts.

Warning: If you are planning to install other OS on your machine, be aware that:

Ubuntu, or any other OS will need at least one partition on your disk for
itself. (I believe 10GiB will suffice for Ubuntu.) The easiest and almost
risk-free way is having separate physical disk for this
You can also resize partition(s) on your old disk (e.g. using
GParted, which is present on Ubuntu LiveCD/USB) to make room for
new one, but in that case, do full backup of your data. It's quite
easy to blast everything irreversibly this way!
If you get to resize (shrink) an existing partition, don't forget to
do this before starting:

free as much space as possible
defragment it
check it for errors

This will speed up the process and lower risk of failure.


Have you cleared your browser cache(s)? For Firefox, there are instructions on the Mozilla website. For Chrome, you can find instructions on Google's chrome page.

Try that, then either log out and in, or reboot, and see if it helps. If it does help, then you might want to reduce the limit of your browser cache size. In Firefox, you type "about:config" in the address bar, and then set the value of "browser.cache.disk.capacity" to the smaller value you want to try.


What kind of "space"?

To "delete all blank spaces" can mean one of different things:

delete all occurrences of the space character, code 0x20.
delete all horizontal space, including the horizontal tab character, "\t"
delete all whitespace, including newline, "\n" and others

The right tool for the job

If sed it not a requirement for some hidden reason, better use the right tool for the job.

The command tr has the main use in translating (hence the name "tr") a list of characters to a list of other characters. As an corner case, it can translate to the empty list of characters; The option -d (--delete) will delete characters that appear in the list.

The list of characters can make use of character classes in the [:...:] syntax.

tr -d ' ' < input.txt > no-spaces.txt
tr -d '[:blank:]' < input.txt > no-spaces.txt
tr -d '[:space:]' < input.txt > no-spaces.txt

When insisting on sed

With sed, the [:...:] syntax for character classes needs to be combined with the syntax for character sets in regexps, [...], resulting in the somewhat confusing [[:...:]]:

sed 's/ //g' input.txt > no-spaces.txt
sed 's/[[:blank:]]//g' input.txt > no-spaces.txt
sed 's/[[:space:]]//g' input.txt > no-spaces.txt


Ubuntu Server 14.04.1 LTS - Non-graphical boot in Qemu-KVM (-curses)

The underlying module that needs to be disabled is fbcon (99 is just some arbitrarily large number that is greater than the number of framebuffer devices on the system, usually 1-2).

# edit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-framebuffer.conf
+   blacklist vga16fb

# edit /etc/default/grub
-   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
+   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="fbcon=map:99 text"
+   GRUB_TERMINAL=console
sudo update-grub

You might use -curses -k lang for better keyboard support.


How to disable the drop shadow effect at the edge of windows in Gnome Shell?

(Not tested)

Edit the theme manually by adding the following to ~/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css:

  .window-frame {box-shadow: none;}

Source: https://www.reddit.com/r/gnome/comments/2achwa/tweaking_mutter_window_shadows/


Camera HP Photosmart M307 with Ubuntu 12.04

I cannot test this specific camera but if you have a look at this page:

Digital Camera Support for UNIX, Linux and BSD

you will see the HP PhotoSmart M307 listed as supported by Linux in general, no specific mention of distro or release version unfortunately. However it is marked down as able to be used as a Mass Storage USB Device so at the very least you should be able to drag photographs off the device using a file manager...


There should not be any tools needed to be activated as they already will be when installing the system. fstrim is that tool but if your ssd is not supported you can not use it anyways.

journalctl -u fstrim

will show the status.

systemctl list-timers --all

will show the active timers (so will also show fstrim).

sudo systemctl start fstrim.timer

to active it if it is disabled. It will do nothing though if your ssd is unsupported.

 lsblk --discard

to check for support. Check the values of DISC-GRAN (discard granularity) and DISC-MAX (discard max bytes) columns. Non-zero values indicate TRIM support.

And we do not use a swap partition anymore. We use a swapfile. See more /etc/fstab. It will show how swap is created on your system. Here you can also check for fstrim support: the line that mounts your ssd will have a setting errors= with the option discard.


Note book is getting very hot when using Ubuntu 12.04

I don't know the specs of your laptop, but i will offer some information from my own Toshiba and Linux experiments:

I have a Toshiba Satellite L300D laptop that would over heat while running Ubuntu.  What worked for me was this:

Open a terminal and run:

$gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

find the line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

and add the command "acpi_osi=" after "quiet splash"

so the line will end up looking like this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi="

after words, in the terminal again:

$sudo update-grub

and restart your computer.

This left the brightness keys of my laptop not working, but the fan now comes on and off as it should and the computer doesn't overheat.

This may or may not be a solution that works with your computer, but it may be worth a try if you are still struggling.


Adding an item to right-click menu on window

An easier to customize solution would be using a desktop file instance which can be accessed via unity's sidebar's popup (right-click) menu.

This can be done via this answer on firefox's .desktop file or even by creating your own.


ls / lists the contents of the root directory.  (Elsewhere I wrote an explanation of the various meanings of the word root, which you can read here.)

The files that are showing up in the output are indeed directories, as you can easily verify by running ls -p /.  The -p flag will cause ls to append a slash to every directory listed, so you can differentiate them from files that are listed.

The source of the confusion seems to be that you don't understand what is called the Linux Filesystem Hierarchy.  There are specific directories in specific locations, each with a specific purpose.  For example, /etc (pronounced "slash et-see") contains configuration files; you can think of the name etc as an acronym for "editable text configuration."

Each of the directories in the output of ls / have a specific purpose.  The full reference material explaining this can be found here.  For a decent primer on the Linux Filesystem Hierarchy, written for those familiar with Windows, try here.

Even more fundamental than the purpose of all these directories is the concept that ALL files and directories on Linux are part of a single directory "tree".  Do a google image search for "directory tree" if the term "tree" seems confusing.  Unlike Windows where you have various drives (the C: drive, the D: drive and so on), in Linux, mounted drives are tied in to the rest of the directory tree at a "mount point", which is just another directory.


Can a partition table be edited from a LiveUSB of another architecture?

Yes. Partitions and filesystems are architecture independent

GParted doesn't want/need to know what's the opcode of binaries executable files a partition holds when you resize it.


USB (mouse/keyboard) turn off selecting Windows from GRUB

So I found a solution and I don't know why it fixed it but it did.

I switched GRUB to default to Windows and increased the time defaulting time, as long as I don't enter windows quickly the usb connections work perfectly fine and have been for a week now.


I would suggest booting a live system, installing and updating clamavand scanning the system/file in question.


I highly recommend removing your flatpak related ppa's and following the steps outlined on the flatpak site
To Remove PPA you can use the GUI Interface or looking the source list and running a command.
To remove PPAs using GUI

Go to Software Sources and click the tab Other Software
Highlight each ppa you want removed and click remove
run sudo apt update after you are done

To remove PPAs using Source List

open terminal
type the following command sudo ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d
Look for your desire PPA here and then remove the PPA using the following command: sudo rm -i /etc/apt/sources.list.d/PPA_Name.list
when done ton sudo apt update in terminal

To Install Flatpak

for Ubuntu older than 18.10 and 19.04
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexlarsson/flatpak
sudo apt update
sudo apt install flatpak

Install the Software Flatpak plugin
sudo apt install gnome-software-plugin-flatpak

Add the Flathub repository
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

Additionally, on Ubuntu 20.04 you may remove the pre-installed Snap Store by
snap remove snap-store


Update Manager cannot find repos when upgrading to 11.10

You have a typo in your sources.list (multivers instead of multiverse for oneiric-security repository) which causes the 404 Not Found error

For those two Hash Sum mismatch errors: Remove the files in /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/ and try to update again.

If you still get this error download http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric-security/main/binary-i386/Packages.gz, calculate the MD5 checksum and compare it with the one in http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric-security/Release

Do they match?


Installng Ubuntu Control Center prompts me with a debconf prompt

This is called a debconf prompt. At some point something you installed asked for lirc, which is used to configure infrared remote controls with Ubuntu.

If you don't have one of these you can safely just select None or the model of your remote if you have one via the arrow keys, then Tab to highlight the OK and then hit Enter to continue with the process.


I was able to get everything working by installing a lightweight X Window system.

  sudo apt-get install lxde


Software Center in Dark Theme Unreadable

I'd try using the old software centre (sudo apt-get install ubuntu-software) or using Synaptic. The new Software Centre tends to get broken anyway, so if you can I'd reccomend using the older version or even a package manager instead.


To disable ipv6, you have to open /etc/sysctl.conf using any text editor and insert the following lines at the end:

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1

If ipv6 is still not disabled, then the problem is that sysctl.conf is still not activated.

To solve this, open a terminal(Ctrl+Alt+T) and type the command,

sudo sysctl -p

You will see this in the terminal:

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1

After that, if you run:

$ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6

It will report:

1

If you see 1, ipv6 has been successfully disabled.


Rhythmbox missing dependencies on Ubuntu 18.04

It turns out that the message from Rhythmbox is misleading. I was trying to play stations that require you to register and sign-in (BBC). Rhythmbox was giving these misleading error messages that sent me off down the wrong track.

This answer has solved my problem for me


SOS Directory Nightmare - Possible for a directory to have two different users with full access?

sudo setfacl -m d:u:plex:rwX,d:u:bob:rwX /myShare

will set the default access control list for new files and directories created in /myShare to allow both users plex and bob to read, write and delete files. (X means x for directories, and obey normal mode for files.) If you want to apply the ACL to existing files and directories, use setfacl -R.

See the manual pages for access control lists and setfacl for details.


Unstable wifi connection leads to non-responding desktop and programs

Have you try to restart your wifi network? You can do it with

sudo service network-manager restart


You can try using the GNOME Disks utility to check whether the drive is detected or not, and if it is detected there, whether the DVD disc contains any readable partitions.


TeamViewer. Cannot Control remote Ubuntu 18

From the comments...

Please install TeamViewer 15.3 from here and retest.


How to output sound on Freebox Server/Player?

The Freebox probably makes use of Shairport/Airport Express 2nd gen. These only use UDP while Pulseaudio-raop is only capable of using TCP. It is a known bug and already existing for several years :(
Please subscribe to the bug at launchpad to generate as much exposure as possible to get it fixed soon :D
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pulseaudio/+bug/951120


How are reserved GDT blocks used after online resizing?

The blocks are used for adding more group descriptors to the table, to describe the new groups added by the resize.  Online resize is the only reason for the reserved space, and so the only thing you lose by not having it.


I'm not able to open the steam client in Ubuntu 16.10 64-bit

I resolved this with the following command

find ~/.steam/steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime \( -name "libgcc_s.so*" -o -name "libstdc++.so*" -o -name "libxcb.so*" -o -name "libgpg-error.so*" \) -print -delete

found at http://steamcommunity.com/app/221410/discussions/0/350542683198244989/.


Can't connect BQ Aquaris Ubuntu Phone to PC

A search for 'aquaris usb' would have landed you at already answered question 602488, in which my answer was this:

Ubuntu touch does not allow USB interaction as long as the phone screen is locked. Even if it is only locked by slide, this can block the interaction. I also made sure my screen doesn't lock after idleness, so this locking doesn't happen halfway through a transfer.

Also, ~/.android/adb_usb.ini on your computer is a list of valid vendorIDs that are allowed to connect. I found that list empty (or non existent, don't remember, doesn't matter). Just add a new line with the vendorID for your phone:
If you have MX4, add 0x2a45, if Aquaris E4.5, the ID is 0x2a47. Aquaris E5 probably the same. Otherwise look it up by using lsusb. You can of course also add both to be sure ;)

~/.android/adb_usb.ini :

0x2a45
0x2a47


You can download .deb file from this link. After that type the following:

  sudo dpkg -i filename.deb
  sudo apt-get install -f
  sudo dpkg -i filename.deb


have you been playing around with the display settings try if so or if not try working with the resolution of you displays as well as other aspects in display settings

to access open up settings and go to displays if not i don't know what to say you should have made a backup so that if something like this happens you can restore your computer to where it was in the previous backup

the only other thing i can think of is to try and open a terminal via [ctrl]+[alt]+[t]
and enter the fallowing command

unity --reset

or

sudo unity --reset

this should reset your desktop to where it was when you first installed Linux this may work if you dont have a backup but i'm not guaranteeing it


You've indicated in comments that your motherboard uses the H110 chipset.
The Intel H110 chipset only supports two displays at a time using the integrated GPU.
You will not be able to connect three displays at a time with your current hardware.


I "solve" it.

Option 1: boot in UEFI mode (normally, I don't use UEFI). I don't know why, this way the Xorg doesn't broke.

Option 2: installing directly, without use in live mode. Frustrating, but it work too.

Now, just rest to me wait a driver, because I'm using the onboard Intel graphic card.


I had the same problem, nothing worked with my Netgear USB. The connection dropped every five minutes and had to be reactivated.

The following solve the problem. My connection is now stable and working great.

sudo iwconfig wlan0 rate 54M


Specify directory that wget downloads to

You need to add -P /your/chosen/directory to your command.


Ubuntu needs a small amount of space in order to be installed.

The recommendations - requirements are here : Ubuntu requirements - Ubuntu community wiki

all the rest are depend on you. What and how many programs you want to install.

Of course for data storage you will use the HDD (not the SSD), but is preferable to have the /home directory in the SSD. Many programs relay on the /home directory. Their configuration files are saved in the /home directory as hidden files/folders and so the read speed (opening programs) will be faster.

I think you will be fine and you will be amazed by the speed (of boot and correspondence of Desktop Environment)


The '3 modules have failed dependencies" indicates the ceph-mgr dashboard is not working.

One can still work with the ceph-mon(s) and ceph-osd(s), just not the ceph-mgr(s).

This is a know problem with ceph mimic 13.2.4+dfsg1-0ubuntu2.1  packaged with Ubuntu disco 19.04.

See:

https://github.com/ceph/ceph/pull/25585
http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/38788
http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/37472

As stated in https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ceph/+bug/1832105  "The ceph primary development platform is Debian, on which the workaround has been available for some time." Unfortunately this has not been the case for Ubuntu disco.


I dont see image thumbnails in my ubuntu 16.04 since I reckoon I installed UbuntuTweak

To set view thumbnails to always :

Open a terminal :

dconf write /org/gnome/nautilus/preferences/show-image-thumbnails '"always"'


I somehow deleted my Desktop from nautilus places

Edit the .config/user-dirs.dirs file by pasting this in a terminal:

gedit ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

You will see text that looks like this:

# This file is written by xdg-user-dirs-update
# If you want to change or add directories, just edit the line you're
# interested in. All local changes will be retained on the next run
# Format is XDG_xxx_DIR="$HOME/yyy", where yyy is a shell-escaped
# homedir-relative path, or XDG_xxx_DIR="/yyy", where /yyy is an
# absolute path. No other format is supported.
#
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="/data/downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="/data/drive"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="/data/music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="/data/pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="/data/videos"
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="/data/desktop"

The XDG_DESKTOP_DIR= entry should be equal to your desktop folder (probably "$HOME/Desktop"). If it is missing, just type it in and save the file. Reboot and it should be back.


Installing Windows using mkusb-plug

Install mkusb: Can I install mkusb in Ubuntu live USB? Works on internal Ubuntu drives and on Live Ubuntu USB's

Click mkusb-plug icon to start and then proceed as follows:

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3
[]4]
Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Step 7

Step 8
You should now have a USB installer ready to infect your computer with Windows
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb#Windows_USB_install_drive


Wireless networking features not working on 12.10 dual booting with Windows 8

Try the method stated in this Q&A here --- [link] ---

EDIT: New Link

Try this method --- [new link] ---


Laptop does not actually turn off on shutdown

Try shutdown -h or shutdown -P, for halt or poweroff. It should turn off the machine completely. Apparently the -P option is safer (meaning it is more likely to cause the poweroff in different Linux distros), as it is more explicit and much less dependent on the implementation.

From the man page of shutdown:

-h     Requests that the system be either halted or powered off after it has been brought down, with the choice as to which left up to the system.
-P     Requests that the system be powered off after it has been brought down.


Ubuntu 16.04 setting static IP not working

So I was able to solve my own problem. Basically everywhere on the internet I was looking was telling me to use an address of 192.168.x.x

I reset my network to DHCP and ran ifconfig to find out the DHCP address was 10.0.x.x

So I went back to my network and input the following

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# Primary network interface
auto enp0s3
iface enp0s3 inet static
    address 10.0.x.x
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 10.0.z.z
    dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

And set the .x.x to match what I was initially given by DHCP, and it worked. Apparently I was trying to set the ip address to my home routers IP instead of the network that my VM was giving to me.

Hope this helps anyone in the future.


Installed Ubuntu to my laptop and am stuck in Windows

You can use Boot repair tool from Ubuntu or EasyBCD to solve the issue. There are tons of resources/how-tos in Ask Ubuntu and in the Internet. Post back if the above tools did not work.