apt-get upgrade fails: "guvcview : Depends: libguvcview-2.0-0 but it is not installed"

I found the answer here:

apt-get commands are failing with libpython3.3 unmet dependencies

Apparently I had two conflicting versions of guvcview installed.

apt list --installed | grep guvc
guvcview/yakkety,now 2.0.5+ubuntu2~ppa1+1418-0ubuntu1~201702081552~ubuntu16.10.1 amd64 [installed]
libguvcview-2.0-2/yakkety,now 2.0.4+debian-1 amd64 [installed]

As per the answer above, I used dkpg -r --force-depends to remove them:

sudo dpkg -r --force-depends guvcview
sudo dpkg -r --force-depends libguvcview-2.0-2

At that point I tried to apt-get upgrade again as normal:

sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 lubuntu-desktop : Depends: guvcview but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.

Aha! This time I got an expected error message. guvcview is a package that lubuntu-desktop depends on: that means if I reinstall it after it's removed, everything should be back to normal, right?

After running these commands:

sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get upgrade

Everything works now. guvcview is working again too, which is nice, because I broke it while debugging this error.


How to modify and give acces to user in sudo file

If you had sudo rights but lost it, then this answer should help you.

If you want to grant sudo rights to new users, you might add them to sudo group by issuing

sudo adduser USERNAME sudo

That user will have to log out and log in again though.

Here you have Ubuntu community documentation on sudoers file, if you want some more complicated setup.


Why aren't my files getting preserved across reboots?

I feel so silly.

VirtualBox was never writing the changes to the file; it was discarding them after each boot.

It was fine on the native machine.


Found the problem. I normally deactivate the Alert Sound in Ubuntu since I like it to be silent. The problem is that for the incoming sound to "sound" you need to have Alert Volume without mute, preferably maxed.

After unchecking the mute option it started sounding again.

So basically go to the Sound Setting and change that. It worked in my case. The problem now is telling Ubuntu with another option to disable all the animal sounds it makes when opening, closing windows and and starting Ubuntu or shutting it down.


Can I switch between Gnome Desktop and Unity?

If I correctly understood an old question I did, yes you will be able to do it. Just like now you're able to select NBR or Gnome session when you login, with Ubuntu 11.04 you'll be able to select a Gnome session at login. The only difference is that Unity will be selected by default.


I fixed it by installing the recommended Nvidia driver:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update

Check for recommended drivers: ubuntu-drivers devices

== cpu-microcode.py ==
driver   : intel-microcode - distro non-free

== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.2/0000:02:00.0 ==
model    : GM108M [GeForce 940MX]
modalias : pci:v000010DEd0000134Dsv000017AAsd00005050bc03sc02i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
driver   : nvidia-370 - third-party free recommended
driver   : nvidia-367 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-364 - third-party free

In my case it was nvidia-370 - third-party free recommended. So I've installed it:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-370 nvidia-prime
reboot


Spacevim does not have colors in Terminator

I am author of SpaceVim, by default SpaceVim use true colors, you can add
let g:spacevim_enable_guicolors = 0 to ~/.SpaceVim.d/init.vim. If it still does not work, please open issue in

https://github.com/SpaceVim/SpaceVim

or send email to me.

Shidong Wang
wsdjeg@outlook.com


Changing the terminal font colors while running linux(ubuntu) in Windows PowerShell?

Your problem is that you started bash from a consolehost running powershell with it's own colorscheme.

If you'd used start bash or Start-Process bash.exe you'd got the colors set in the properties for bash

Microsoft just prereleased a Windows Console Colortool (coming with fall update) which helps with colorpalettes and IIUR you'll be able to import palettes from other sources.


Check this thread Brightness Controls Not Working on a Dell Inspiron N4010 Laptop.


I think you can do that by going to : system settings -> sound. and change the default hardware used in input or output.


What are the types and prices of Licences available?

Ubuntu server itself is free.

you might want to pay for support contracts, or additional maintanance tools (Like Landscape). For that sort of info, you should visit canonical.com


the programme alien converts rpm files to debian format; so install alien with sudo apt install alien (that means you need to open a terminal and paste that command into it ....

then you need to get to the file so then
cd Downloads

then unzip fxdpcm405dfps12090lrpmfen.zip
then cd fxdpcm405dfps12090lrpmfen

then sudo alien -i Fuji_Xerox-DocuPrint_CM405-1.0-5.noarch.rpm

and after that you can go to the PRINTERS folder and ADD a new printer; if ubuntu doesn't jump in and do it for you already; please let us know how it goes


We have no plans at all to change the business model to ad-supported services.


How can I find the Win8 key when running Ubuntu on my machine

Execute the command

sudo hexdump -s 56 -e '"MSDM key: " /29 "%s\n"'  /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/MSDM


With awk:

$ awk '!/X/{count++}/X/{print count; count = 0}' input

3
4
1

Increment a count for every line not containing X; print and reset the count for lines containing X.


Copy face tags from one set of pictures to the same pictures in higher resolution

As long as none of the smaller set of images have been cropped and only are resized, you should be able to do it with Exiftool.

From my brief search, it looks like digikam saves the faces tags to the MWG XMP tags. The basic command to copy would be:

exiftool -TagsFromFile SmallFile -RegionInfo LargeImage

If the filenames are the same, then you could do it in batch with a command like this:

exiftool -TagsFromFile /Path/to/Smalls/%F -RegionInfo /Path/to/Larges

If the names are different, then the commands would have to be altered a bit but it should still be doable.

This command creates backup files.  Add -overwrite_original to suppress the creation of backup files.  Add -r to recurse into subdirectories.

The way MWG regions (face tags) work is X/Y coordinates and the height/width of the region are saved as number from 0 to 1 and used as a percent of the images actual height/width.  This means that they will correctly locate the face as long as the image has not been cropped or flipped.  Also, it is assumed that the location is relative to the top left of the image as indicated by the Orientation tag embedded in the image.  This allows the regions to be resistant to changes in size, as long as no cropping takes place, and rotation, as long as the Orientation of the image is properly updated.

For further info, see the MWG Guidelines for Handling Image Metadata pdf on the subject (pages 51-56).


System.EntryPointNotFoundException error when trying to run Bastion

I was receiving the same error with the version Bastion-HIB-2012-05-29-1.sh released in the humble bundle, without delving deeper it seems to me that on some configurations the static links are incorrect.
There is a new build available, Bastion-HIB-2012-06-01-1.sh which resolved the problem for me.

My system is also Ubuntu 10.4 running the nVidia drivers


You have to configure

The DHCP server to perform Dynamic Updates (including domain name to use and server)
The BIND server to allow updates from the DHCP server IP
An internal Domain on your BIND DNS server

At least at a high level that is what you need. When a client gets an IP from your DHCP server, the DHCP server will update the DNS server with the A record and IP.


CHMOD folder permissions to access by http

By default, Apache on Ubuntu runs as www-data.

Let's assume your folder is located in /var/www/mysite.

You can do this:

chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/mysite
chmod -R og-r /var/www/mysite

After doing this, www-data (the Web server) will have full access to the site's files, while other non-root users will have no access at all.

If you wish to allow select users to access the site, you can make the folder group-readable and add those users to the group www-data.


HP Probook 4530s overheating problem (ati/radeon)

I had the same problems with this model of laptop and I found that if you install "Linux Mint 13 KDE Maya 64 bit" (get *.iso from their website) and RADEON video driver amd-driver-installer-12-6-x86.x86_64.run (search for it on AMD website) everything will be OK!! You will have ~4h of battery and fan will even stop sometimes, and you can change between the dedicated RADEON card and Intel card using the amd ccle and then log out/log in.

I would post an image with a screenshot of my desktop to show you that this setup works, but I don't have 10 reputation points ...

Newer drivers from AMD don't work with latest Ubuntu 12.10 because Ubuntu has the latest version of Xorg/Xserver which is not supported yet by AMD drivers (read the release notes). So, in order to have a working setup you need a Linux distribution which has a compatible version of X.Org with the driver you need to install. Linux mint 13 has  X.Org 7.6 which is compatible with RADEON driver 12.6 which "knows" 7.6 (read the release notes).

TIPS:
1) Never install updates in Linux Mint after you installed the AMD driver 12.6.
One day I installed updates and laptop got stuck at a black screen during boot.

2) To enable/disable "3D effects" in KDE press "Alt + Shift F12" this will improve FPS in games and maximize battery life. Minecraft works fine on Linux Mint (around 60 fps? if I remember well).

3) If somebody needs help on how to install AMD drivers, they can find working instructions HERE which I wrote.

4) Linux Mint Maya is LTS and has support until 2017, plus it is fully compatible with all Ubuntu applications.


Is my AMD hybrid-graphics card supported by Ubuntu 16.04 driver?

In 16.04 the AMD graphics card driver is AMDGPU. The list of supported cards is here . This says your card is fully supported.


How do i make dir have colors for files/directories like ls does it?

You can alias dir to dir --color by adding the following line to .bashrc

alias dir="dir --color"

Adding just dir --color=always will not create the alias, but will instead run the command when you start a new login shell.

You also need to restart your terminal after modifying the .bashrc file or you can run

source ~/.bashrc

Note: dir --color=always and dir --color are equivalent. The default value for the color param is always when it is omitted.


How do I repair / reconfigure a broken Perl package when apt and dpkg both depend on Perl?

An answer provided to this same question at the Ubuntu Forums suggested using the LiveCD to chroot into the system and re-install Perl. However, using chroot to get into the system does not avoid the dependency of apt and dpkg on Perl.

Currently, the only working solution I have found is to re-install Ubuntu and the desired packages.


XFS File Not Displayed in Login System Info

when you log on the server, the scripts located in /etc/update-motd.d are executed (in alphabetically order), and their output displayed.
if you already have a script doing this job, you can :

write your own script
ask the script's package maintainer for a fix

(I've just check on my Ubuntu 20.04, and I don't have such script)
hope this helps


I'm not sure where postgres stores its data, I would think /var/lib/postgresql/. If you want to use the 2tb exclusively for postgres data, you could do the following: (I don't have postgres running atm, please check paths and names. This works for any service type though, so as well on postgres.)

Stop postgres sudo service postgres stop
mv data dir: sudo mv /var/lib/postgresql /var/lib/postgresql.bak
sudo mkdir /var/lib/postgresql
create a filesystem and mount the new drive to /var/lib/postgresql
change owner and group to postgres and change access rights (chown and chmod, you can check the old settings from ls -la /var/lib/postgresql.bak)
Copy the postgres data back: cp -ra /var/lib/postgresql.bak/. /var/lib/postgresql
restart postgres: service postgres start


To completely hide the clock from top panel you can use Clock override GNOME extension, which lets you have a custom clock format. Then in the extension settings leave the text field in front of Text to display instead of the clock empty. Refer to this question for how to install GNOME extension.

 Source: extensions.gnome.org


How to record screen in video to report bugs in Ubuntu interface?

To take a screenshot, you can use Shutter, gnome-screenshot etc

To record a video of the desktop, you can use  RecordMyDesktop, Kazam, Istanbul Desktop Session Recorder etc


You could try reinstall the apt package from here : http://linux.softpedia.com/get/System/Software-Distribution/apt-4598.shtml

install it through the command :

cd /path/to/the/downloaded/folder
./configure
make
sudo make install

and then reinstall the whole ubuntu-desktop package using the command :

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install aptitude && sudo aptitude install ubuntu-desktop

The problem could be that you don't have the autoconf automake etc. the compile tools packages to compile apt... Give a try.


From the OP:

  I ran into a separate issue with the bootloader and win7 on the other partition, so I had to repartition and reinstall both OSes. This time I pulled my secondary HDD I use for storage (this resolved the bootloader issue), and made sure I had my ipod connected while the Live CD ran the installer. Everything works now.


How do I adjust display size, not resolution?

This problem is called "Overscan".  Some graphics card providers (e.g. NVidia) allow you to compensate for this by reducing the size of the display area, through configuration software that comes with the drivers.


Stuck in Login-loop after installing drivers for GTX 1060

After quite some hours of research I found this guide, which helped me solve my problem.
I don't exactly know what caused my problems but now I everything works just fine.


How does the Ubuntu kernel version relate to the upstream version?

Yes it is based on upstream 3.0.0

The number 14 is not part of the kernel version number and is an Ubuntu release number only. If you look at the package's control file you should be able to see the changes between each release.


I followed this article and was able to get my printer working:
https://www.ubuntupit.com/how-to-install-canon-printer-driver-in-ubuntu-linux/
Specifically, I added these repositories:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:michael-gruz/canon
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:thierry-f/fork-michael-gruz
sudo apt-get update

Then, inside system settings -> Printers -> MP250 -> Printer Details
Click "Search Drivers"
This will find the drivers from the repo you installed, a pop-up will appear asking if you want to install the drivers. Click YES.
Printer started working.


To compile packages you need the dev or devel variant.

Version 2.6 is not available in the official repositories. You need to find an unofficial repository or install it manually from the source. It shouldn't be hard for a library like tinyXML that has few dependencies.


Based on the lsattr output, the user's home directory has been marked as immutable which will mean that no files or directories may be added or deleted. You should be able to unset the immutable attribute using chattr i.e.

sudo chattr -i /home/habefaro/


How to get the driver for Realtek rtl8821ce onto a usb boot stick?

Well, good news:
The delivery man just brought my external wifi, cost 75 RMB.
The first thing Ubuntu did was tell me to repair the things I tried to install.
Now the correct Ubuntu drivers for rtl8821ce wifi are installed, but something to do with the MOK password is not letting it work.
I'll fix that!


How to get the mime type of a file from the command line?

Use file --mime-type -b filename

Look at file --help for more tips.


My Kubuntu desktop has vanished- no icons, launchers, left-click

Issue resolved at https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=347919

Somehow ??? permissions had changed, in .cache a file  .cache/.ksycoca5 was owned by root

The following command worked from the terminal:

sudo chown yourusername:yourusername ~/.cache/ksycoca5

it all came back.

In the interim I installed gnome.


Question about the symlink of the ln command

Let say you have a file named /home/george/Images/ubuntu.jpg and you want it to be available too in the /var/tmp directory, you can run:

ln -s /home/george/Images/ubuntu.jpg /var/tmp

Then, you can equally view the file using the /var/tmp/ubuntu.jpg path.

Beware not to miss to provide a correct relative or absolute path for the first parameter passed to the link command. This path is relative to the directory where the symbolic link resides. This is a common source of mistakes, like Nitin reply demonstrates.


I had a similar problem. I noticed that my BIOS had the multithreading setting, the Intel VT directed I/O and the Intel VT-x setting disabled. I enabled them and it was much faster. The vmplayer is not a hypervisor, so I surprised why the Intel virtualization settings should have made a difference.

Other things I did to improve the performance (thanks to suggestions on the Ubuntu forums) were to disable any 3D acceleration and using a lighter desktop (I used Xubuntu-desktop or Xfce4)


How can I start a shell if booting fails?

According to this document, the clever people who ever they are have already put in place a rescue console

https://wiki.debian.org/systemd

$ systemctl enable debug-shell.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/debug-shell.service → /lib/systemd/system/debug-shell.service.

This is then activated on tty9.
You can get to by pressing CtrlaltF9 or Ctrlalt[left/right] to cycle to the correct tty as need.

cat /lib/systemd/system/debug-shell.service
#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.

[Unit]
Description=Early root shell on /dev/tty9 FOR DEBUGGING ONLY
Documentation=man:sushell(8)
DefaultDependencies=no
IgnoreOnIsolate=yes
ConditionPathExists=/dev/tty9

[Service]
Environment=TERM=linux
ExecStart=/bin/bash
Restart=always
RestartSec=0
StandardInput=tty
TTYPath=/dev/tty9
TTYReset=yes
TTYVHangup=yes
KillMode=process
IgnoreSIGPIPE=no
# bash ignores SIGTERM
KillSignal=SIGHUP

# Unset locale for the console getty since the console has problems
# displaying some internationalized messages.
Environment=LANG= LANGUAGE= LC_CTYPE= LC_NUMERIC= LC_TIME= LC_COLLATE= LC_MONETARY= LC_MESSAGES= LC_PAPER= LC_NAME= LC_ADDRESS= LC_TELEPHONE= LC_MEASUREMENT= LC_IDENTIFICATION=

[Install]
WantedBy=sysinit.target


How to add a user environment aware application launcher to unity panel?

Add this:

SCALA_HOME=/usr/local/typesafe-stack

to this:

/etc/environment

Why the Unity launcher doesn't source the users environment from .bashrc, as it should IMO, is anyone's guess.


Retrieve an elaborate manual about the ifconig

Please notice that good old ifconfig is getting deprecated and replaced with ip.

When you run

ip a

you get information similar to what you get with

ifconfig  # without options and parameters

See man ip to get more details about available options, objects and commands.

According to your question, the IP address is inet192.168.31.231 and you should see it also in the output of ip a.


syncing folders between wine and windows for foobar2000

Use symbolic links. Delete the location of the music in your wine installation, then make a symbolic link, as so:

ln -s ~/Music ~/.wine/drive_e/music

Modify that command as needed.


Your question is very general.

There are thousands of commands available to do various jobs. Most users start to learn specifically about the commands when they have some purpose.

This page from Ubuntu Documentation has details about the Ubuntu terminal and in the bottom there are links to many sites which gives details about the commands. You can refer to them.

A very general list of basic commands is here.
A very authoritative book { The Linux Command Line: William Shotts } is here . Pdf available. This site itself is full of useful resources. Explore !

Important :  Usually each command has a manual (man) page which gives the syntax and other details. You can refer to these man pages when in doubt about a command. Just Google the command with 'manpage' and you will surely get relevant result.


How can I control GTK Windows from the Terminal?

wmctrl is the tool for interacting with the X Window manager from the terminal. To close all windows matching the string $myStr, use this:

while wmctrl -c "$myStr";do :;done

Explanation

wmctrl uses the -c parameter to close a window. Conveniently, this can do string matching on the window title as I was hoping for. However, wmctrl will only act on a single window at a time, so I loop to do this repeatedly until all matching windows are closed. When this happens, wmctrl returns an error code and stops looping. The ':' is a no-op shell builtin that is required since bash loops can't be empty.

You may need to install wmctrl first, eg. sudo apt-get install wmctrl


Ubuntu 13.10 is installed on vm ware workstation under virtual machine

Vijaya Chand K:

I believe you just need to login with the name and password that you typed in before.  As I have done with my VM-WARE install.  The first time it asks you for a name and password it is setting up the system user account during the install phase.  The second time is when you are actually logging into operating system after it booted up.

My version of VM-WARE asked me if I wanted to download the additional VMware Tools for ubuntu and I chose "yes".  I would also recommend using any assistance VM-WARE will give you until you are familiar with the installation and configuration process.

After I typed the user name and password again (must be exact), the point at which I believe you were stuck on, I was able to get to the command line interface and use linux commands like:  "ls" and "cd /".  A graphical user interface may or may not be installed.  If you do not see a GUI you can install one buy googling "how to install ubuntu gui"

"Just login in."

-lm


How do I use my 30 GB Solid State Drive (SSD) with Ubuntu 14.04?

There are a few possible solutions for using an SSD as a cache device in Linux (in the same way that Intel Rapid Storage Technology works).

The two leading methods are to use the logical volume management subsystem (LVM), or bcache.

I've had performance problems with LVM (but only on large volumes > 10TB), and a few stability problems with bcache (although all fixed with newer kernels).

That having been said I currently use bcache on a handful of machines (including 3 servers) and the performance increase is dramatic with some workloads.

Neither solution is very simple to setup unfortunately, and I'd advise using newer kernels - such as those supplied with Ubuntu 16.04 or even 16.10 - with either option.

This guide by Redhat-employee Richard Jones outlines the use of LVM and retrofitting it to some existing LVM installations.

A simpler solution (probably lower performance overall and possibly better reliability) would be to to put both your root filesystem (/) and swap on the SSD, with other data on the hard disk drive.

Unfortunately, whilst this is easy to do with a new install of Ubuntu via the installer, re-partitioning an existing system like this is also not a straightforward operation, but there are guides online to this (or you could always ask a new question here).

Whatever you do (use the SSD as a cache or "straight" storage) you should use fdisk or gdisk (or other partitioning tools like gparted) to remove any existing Intel RST partitions, and partition the drive.


Cooperative running of Ubuntu and Windows

I run both dual-boot and VirtualBox VMs. So far as Windows 8 in a VM all I recall needing to do is specify either Windows 7 or Other Windows as the machine type when I set up the machine, and then I connected the .iso file from my Microsoft Volume license download to the CD drive. For resources I use 1-2 CPUs, 2G RAM, 25G HD. I had no problem.

I have done this in VMWare and then VirtualBox with XP, Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, and now with the Windows 10 technical preview. The only problems have been Windows Server Essentials and Windows 10, which I had to work with substantially to get them to run even the install. If I recall correctly the key was telling VirtualBox to use Other Windows as the type. I also posted a YouTube video of the Windows 10 install, wherein you can see the VM setup on the first slide -- look for http://youtu.be/9EvPsa3YdAk This is extremely similar to Windows 8.1.

HOWEVER, I also dual boot, because in some cases I simply cannot get the VM install of Windows to work well enough. For office software this is not a problem, but for  gaming I have had no success using a VM, so I dual boot just for those few cases. This will also let you use Windows as you are learning the ropes in Linux when you simply need to get something done and can't figure out how to make Linux do it.

Now here is the key -- you must install the Windows FIRST, configure it, wait on all the updates, etc. then install the Linux. I do this every year on the 9 computers in my lab at Adult Life Training, and on my home desktop. I have never found a good way to install Microsoft after Linux is already installed, and also if you install the Microsoft first and let it do as much updating as possible before you install Linux, then you need not mess with the GRUB boot screen during all the Windows reboots from updating. After the Windows is installed then install the Linux on the other half of your drive.

I hope this helps! If I can help further please feel free to email kubulai0@gmail.com or post here.


How do I determine which repository is slowing me down?

You can run sudo apt-get update in a terminal and watch the progress. The last line where the update stalls will be the one that slows down the process.

(If you have Chrome installed from Google then dl.google.com seems to have difficulties at the moment. Check status.)


you can install ubuntu along with your existing operating system.. no issues in that, as far as your doubt is concerned you will definitely get an option to choose when you are booting your PC and coming to to anti virus protection you no need to install any anti-virus software the operating system it self will take care of it.
for installation steps please refer here.

and if you want to run ubuntu along with your windows please refer to here.

Hope this helps.


How to manage permissions on a shared volume for OSX and ubuntu

User names are irrelevant. Permissions in both HFS+ and Linux-native filesystems are stored in terms of user IDs (UIDs), which are numbers associated with usernames. In Ubuntu, as in most modern Linux distributions, the first user is given a UID of 1000 by default. In OS X, the first user is given a UID of 501 by default. Thus, when sharing media that encode UID values, the UID values are likely to not match.

One way to fix this is by setting loose permissions (the mode value, as in rwxr-xr-x, or 755 in octal). Note that the permissions octal code is not the same as the UID value. In either OS, you can set the default permissions used on files with the umask command, which specifies the bit value to be removed from file permissions. For instance, umask 022 removes write permission for the group and other permissions, resulting in 755 (rwxr-xr-x) permissions on new files (or 644 if something removes the execute permission bit, which is common practice for files). This is largely a command-line tool, though; if you're largely a GUI user, you'll need to find another tool to do the job, probably related to your desktop environment's defaults. This may be obscure and poorly documented. Also, setting loose permissions in this way can have security drawbacks, especially if yours is a multi-user system.

A better approach is to synchronize your account UIDs across Linux and OS X. You can easily change the UID value in Linux with the usermod command, as in:

usermod -u 501 dale

This command sets the UID for dale to 501. There are some significant caveats, though:

You should log out of the account you're modifying before you modify it. Trying to modify an in-use account will cause that account to begin behaving strangely.
usermod must be used as root. You can execute it via sudo, but doing so from the account you're modifying is inadvisable in the extreme. Thus, you'll need to either give root a password and log into root directly or use sudo from a second user account.
The usermod command won't change the ownership of any files owned by the user in question. To adjust ownership of those files, you'll need to locate them and then change their ownership with chown. Most of the files will be in the user's home directory, so chown -R dale: /home/dale, typed as root after changing dale's UID, will change most of dale's files to use the new UID number. Some of the user's files may be located elsewhere, though. Typing find / -uid 1000 will find all the files that use the old UID (assuming it was 1000). Note that this find command will probably take several minutes to complete. To speed it up, unmount any filesystems on which you're sure it will find no hits, such as FAT or NTFS volumes.
If you access FAT or NTFS volumes, their UID values are determined by options at mount time. If you use a GUI file manager, chances are the UID value is set to whoever is running the file manager, so you need do nothing special. If you mount the volume via an /etc/fstab entry, though, you may need to adjust the UID value it specifies.
Ubuntu stores the minimum value it uses for UIDs in /etc/login.defs. If you fail to change the UID_MIN value in this file, you'll likely discover that your account will seem to "disappear" from the GUI login screen, and perhaps from some other systems. Thus, you should edit that file.

In theory, you could change the UID of your OS X account(s) in a similar way to achieve the same goal. I'm less familiar with the OS X account-maintenance tools, though, so I can't provide explicit instructions for doing so. Adjusting the OS X values would have the advantage of your not having to adjust UID_MIN in Linux.

If you've got multiple accounts on your computer, you should adjust them all to keep them all synchronized across your OS installations.

One more point: The Group ID (GID) value is stored in a similar way. IIRC, Ubuntu assigns a GID value for each account that's identical to its UID value. I don't recall what OS X does by default. You might want to adjust the GID values for the two OSes in a way that's analogous to the UID changes, but this isn't likely to be as important as adjusting the UID values.

EDIT: If you want to change your UID (and GID, if desired) in macOS/OS X rather than in Ubuntu, you can do so. As this modification in macOS is beyond the scope of this site, I'll just link to a few pages that provide procedures for doing this in macOS:

Change a user's User ID on Mac OS X (10.6 - 10.12)
"Changing your UID and GID" on Apple Communities
"Consequences of changing uid/gid on snow leopard" on SuperUser


Apple wireless keyboard pairs but won't connect in 15.10

This was a pain in the button to get working. I really wanted to make a precise answer but I think the tech is a little flaky and the tools are a little trying. I did it once successfully, went to do it again from my notes to make sure my answer was sound and it took me another hour of trying to get it to take. These are the steps I followed on Ubuntu 16.04 (derived from @phireph0x and @danielfbm's answers).

Install bluetoothctl:
 sudo apt install bluetoothctl

Run bluetoothctl. You should see an initial list of connected devices like so:
[NEW] Controller 23:34:17:64:AF:0E ChromeLinux_A00F [default]
[NEW] Device 00:19:32:D3:38:01 Pico the Keyboard

It's ok if you don't see the Apple keyboard initially. You should see it by the end of step 5 in the next section.

The remaining steps are from the bluetoothctl command prompt:

Set the agent:
agent KeyboardDisplay
default-agent

Turn off the Bluetooth keyboard by removing the batteries. Hold the power button in and wait 10 seconds.
Scan for devices: scan on.
Turn on the Bluetooth keyboard by reinserting the batteries holding the power button in for 10 seconds. If you don't see the keyboard power light blinking continuously, it's not trying to pair. Try again.
Wait for your Bluetooth keyboard to appear in bluetoothctl. This will happen asynchronously while you wait at the prompt. My keyboard popped up after 20-30 seconds.
Remove any previous attempts: remove 00:19:32:D3:38:01. Replace 00:19:32:D3:38:01 with your keyboard that popped up in step 5.
Wait for your Bluetooth keyboard to pop up again. This will probably take 20-30 seconds.
Make a connection and pair the Bluetooth keyboard: connect 00:19:32:D3:38:01. Replace 00:19:32:D3:38:01 with your keyboard that popped up in step 5 and 7.
If you're on track, you should see your prompt change from: [bluetooth]#  to [Pico the keyboard]: .
Now, on your Bluetooth keyboard, type 1234 and press enter. That's five keystrokes on the Bluetooth keyboard: 1, 2, 3, 4, and the carriage return.
If that worked, you should see the prompt change to:
[agent] Enter the pin code:

On your other keyboard, not your Bluetooth keyboard, type 1234 and press enter.

If all works well, you should see Connection successful. If the connection failed, turn off the keyboard and try again from step 2.
Troubleshooting:

The keyboard seems to mate for life and will try to pair with any Macs it has paired with in the past. Make sure they're off.
Restart your PC if all else fails. I was surprised to find that I didn't seem to have much trouble with the Ubuntu Bluetooth stack. I did restart a couple times but I don't think it's what got things working in the end.


Can't get surround sound working on Logitech G340 Headset [Ubuntu 14.04]

Having the G430 headset I know that the software that Logitech provides is what performs the 7.1 surround sound. Unfortunately this software is only for windows.

I would recommend looking Here


You said you're unable to mount the drive on this system, does this mean that you have successfully mounted the drive on another computer or system? If so, the drive is not faulty and you shouldn’t be using dd on it, especially if you care about the data on it anyway.

Have you ruled out a faulty USB port or a low Voltage in all the usb ports of your PC? Try plugging in another device in the same port, it works right?

If you're ruled this all out, then try this:
type lsblk in a terminal, before you plug in the faulty drive.
Then again type lsblk after you plug it in. Does it get detected?
What filesystem was on the drive anyway?

Have you tried sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /somefolderyouhavemade ??


How to store output of find from a background command

This should suit your needs:

echo -ne "Scanning for .git folders ...  "
(
  while :; do
      for x in '-' '/' '|' '\\'
      do
          echo -ne "\b"$x
          sleep 0.01
      done
  done
) &
sub=$!

repos=$(find -name ".git" -type d)

kill $sub
echo -ne "\nFound repos: "
echo "$repos" | wc -l

It's probably easier to do it the other way around.


How can I migrate a *real* hardware box to a singularity docker?

There's no simple way of getting that done AFAIK.

The brute-force approach would be to backup /etc/ directory contents (and any others that are in use, like /opt/ etc.) for reference and to export you repo and package lists etc. same as you might when installing a new machine.

But perhaps you should look at setting up an automation tool like Ansible on the original machine, and then you can apply the process to the docker system. It requires work to setup, but once done you can easily automate pushes to any future systems?


From Boot-Repair uncheck update all MBR, and check update MBR and choose to install the Windows work alike boot loader (syslinux) to sdb. And see if Windows will directly boot from sdb? If not then you need Windows repairs.

If Windows works then you may need to install grub to sdb, just to keep boot drive as hd0 or first drive.
Sometimes BIOS/Windows does not correctly remap drives. Windows should work, but in some cases you have to install grub to Windows drive and boot from that drive. Something about Windows seeing boot drive as first drive.

Sometimes BIOS settings like AHCI may make a difference. Windows does need the AHCI drivers before changing if you have not installed them, otherwise it may not boot.


Like the original poster I found this to be slightly annoying. I have checked the code for gnome-screensaver where this is implemented and as far as I can tell it is not configurable. I resorted to editing the source code not to do this and then rebuilding the package. If interested you can the the rebuilt package or a patch you can apply yourself.

To install the package once downloaded, in a shell (terminal window) do:

dpkg -i gnome-screensaver_3.2.0-0ubuntu1local1_amd64.deb

I am not proposing to send the patch upstream as this really is a hack because the rebuilt package is less than ideal for laptops where numlock makes some of the alphabetic keys generate numbers.


ASUS PU301LA Ubuntu Installation: NMI: watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 22s!

I ran into the same problem trying to install a new Dell.  For me adding the nouveau.modeset=0 option to the kernel fixed it.  Looking into the power supply and kernel versions ended up being a red herring.


Installing a theme in the /usr/share/themes/ directory

Ok, let's do a checklist to make it work:

1) You probably downloaded the .zip from github, right?

2) Uncompress the master.zip, you will get a folder named "iris-light-master"

3) Copy that folder in /usr/share/themes/

3a) But be careful! you will need root access to do that: run (pressing alt+f2) gksu nautilus (enter your password) and finally browse to /usr/share/themes/ and paste the folder.

Or you can use an script that I made:
In one move, you should be able to download, install and apply the theme by pasting this code in your terminal:

Iris Light theme:

mkdir -p ~/.iris-install && cd ~/.iris-install && wget https://github.com/xyl0n/iris-light/archive/master.zip && unzip master.zip && sudo cp -a iris-light-master /usr/share/themes && gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme 'iris-light-master' && cd ~ && rm -R ~/.iris-install

Iris Dark theme:

mkdir -p ~/.iris-install && cd ~/.iris-install && wget https://github.com/xyl0n/iris/archive/master.zip && unzip master.zip && sudo cp -a iris-master /usr/share/themes && gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme 'iris-master' && cd ~ && rm -R ~/.iris-install

Yes yes, just copy and paste in your terminal. It will be automatically applied. :)


The XnViewMP .deb file does not install a needed library.

To fix this open a terminal windows (ctrl+alt+t) and enter the command

sudo apt install libopenal1

How I determined this:

When running xnview from a terminal, an error indicating the library libopenal1.so.1 could not be found.  Using the tools at https://packages.ubuntu.com/ I was able to determine that the needed package is libopenal1


How do I install Psiphon on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Step by Step)

Take a look for this link, it should works for Ubuntu using Wine.
https://web.archive.org/web/20160113152746/https://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/1926
Install wine:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine

Install Required Windows DLLs using Wintricks:

Run Winetricks(from ubuntu dash)
Choose "Select the default wineprefix" and then press OK.
Choose "Install a Windows DLL or component" and then press OK.
Check "wininet" and "winhttp" and then press OK.

Run Psiphon3 and Use the service it provides:

Simply run Psipon3.exe
It will provide its service using an "HTTP proxy on localhost port
8080".
Use "FoxyProxy" extension on Firefox or "Proxy SwitchySharp"
extension on chrome for accessing the service.

full details and all rights reserved for the above link


The Linux fsck utility is basically just a front-end for filesystem-specific filesystem check utilities such as fsck.ext2 (aka e2fsck) and fsck.xfs (which actually does nothing; to check XFS, you must use xfs_check, and to repair it, you must use xfs_repair).

If you really mean EFS, then that's pretty exotic. I just checked the kernel configuration utility, and it reports:

  EFS is an older file system used for non-ISO9660 CD-ROMs and hard
  disk partitions by SGI's IRIX operating system (IRIX 6.0 and newer
  uses the XFS file system for hard disk partitions however).

  This implementation only offers read-only access

I found no matches to EFS in packages in Synaptic. Between the fact that EFS is an obscure read-only filesystem in Linux and the fact that there seems to be no package that might hold an fsck.efs utility, my guess is that either you're not remembering correctly that it used to be possible or you had an extremely rare and non-standard fsck.efs utility installed on a computer at some time. Of course, an old IRIX should be able to check the disk.

It's also possible that your disk isn't actually EFS, but the newer XFS. In this case, you'd need to install the xfsprogs utility to get the xfs_check and xfs_repair utilities.

More broadly, I have to question the need for an EFS check utility in an OS that provides read-only access to the filesystem. The only chance you'd have to write to such a filesystem would be in IRIX, and it should have a suitable check utility. Without the ability to write to the filesystem from Linux, in theory you shouldn't be able to damage it in Linux, except by blundering about with dd or something. If you're stuck with an old EFS disk, it's probably best to transfer its files to a more modern filesystem. If the point of the question is that you have such a disk and it won't mount, then perhaps you could use TestDisk to pull individual files off of it. That's likely to be a painful process, but short of dusting off an old IRIX system, it might be your best bet. Some further context about your problem might help us offer other solutions.


Will I be able to use my NTFS data partition in Ubuntu?

Others have posted good information; however, there's one other critical detail: Ubuntu lacks a useful NTFS repair utility. Filesystems occasionally become damaged. Power outages, bugs, system crashes, and other conditions can cause this to happen. When Ubuntu encounters a damaged NTFS volume, Ubuntu will refuse to mount it. Thus, on an Ubuntu-only system, using NTFS on an internal disk is a problem waiting to happen. As soon as that NTFS volume becomes damaged (and it will), you'll have to move the disk to another computer or use a Windows emergency disk to repair it. Either action is a hassle and even creates new risks.

Thus, if you intend to have an Ubuntu-only system, as it sounds like you do, I strongly recommend converting that data partition from NTFS to a Linux-native format. You can do that by backing up, converting, and then restoring the data; or by creating Linux-native storage, copying the data, and then converting the NTFS to Linux-native for use in some other way. (You could also copy the data and then resize the Linux filesystem, but that creates new risks, so I only recommend doing that if you've got a good backup.) The best approach really depends on how much data you're talking about, how much unused disk space you've got, and how much backup capacity you've got.

I'll take this opportunity to step onto a soap box and say that if you don't have good backups, you should make them, even if it means buying external storage for backup purposes. Every few days, I see a tale of woe from somebody who doesn't have good backups and who's lost irreplaceable data as a result. Please don't become one of those people! If a conversion from NTFS to a Linux-native format helps convince you to buy necessary backup hardware, then that's another advantage to doing the conversion.


How to change file permission from Ubuntu wubi install

The partition where you install ubuntu is inside windows partition which is your host and it uses ntfs file system. So, you can't use chown, chmod and chgrp command to change the file permission.
Don't be dis-hearted just change one line in the file /etc/default/grub

From :- GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
To :-  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="rootflags=umask=002,uid=1000,gid=1000 quiet splash"

After you make the changes save the file, you need to run

sudo update-grub

afterwards to update /boot/grub/grub.cfg
WARNING:
These changes give you full access to all your files on your host, including system files and it is very very dangerous, so make sure to stay away from system folders ie. your windows system and only try this when you really really need to
For reference you may visit Changing file permission on host in Wubi &  How to change file permissions of host in Wubi?


How long should it take to conjure-up Openstack?

The hardware I have 3rd generation Intel NUC with i7, 16G RAM, 250 SSD and a 300mbps connection. Picking the OpenStack with NovaLXD option so everything is deployed on a single system takes me about 30 minutes for a full deployment. This includes importing glance images, configuring keystone, configuring neutron and starting a compute instance to verify installation.


What's the equivalent of "add or remove programs" in Ubuntu?

The Ubuntu Software Center is the equivalent of Add/Remove programs. It contains a software catalog that you add software to your system, but it can also be used to remove software.

Start the Ubuntu Software Center (it's on the Unity bar) and click on Installed at the top. Find the software application either by clicking on the appropriate category or by using the search area at the top of the window. Click on the application and then click remove on the right hand side.


I think your Wifi adapter is blocked. you can unblock your WiFi adapter by using sudo rfkill unblock all command in Terminal (use Ctrl+Alt+T to open).


permissions - allow two users full access to directory

Shared directories in Linux can be confusing due to ownership and permissions.

For this specific directory, /var/www/html/ there is already an answer here

How to avoid using sudo when working in /var/www?

So make both users a member of www-data. IMHO no need to make a new group.

To manage permissions and file ownership, set the group and setGID

sudo chgrp -R www-data /var/www/html
sudo chmod 2770 /var/www/html

For details see https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/Directory-Setuid-and-Setgid.html

... if a directory’s set-group-ID bit is set, newly created subfiles inherit the same group as the directory ...

Restart your shell or log out and back in for membership to take effect.

If you need finer grain of control you can use ACL, but that is probably overkill.

For additional information on ACL see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissionsACLs and http://brunogirin.blogspot.com/2010/03/shared-folders-in-ubuntu-with-setgid.html

That second link specifically addresses this exact question, how to share /var/www/html, using setGID and ACL.


Ubuntu 18.04 - ubuntu unable to install / cannot perform the following task

You need to set the apt proxy settings:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Ap...e_a_http-proxy

Note use the command

Code:

sudo -H gedit

instead of gksudo, as gksudo no longer exists.

Edit: since the link doesn't exist try this

Apt loads all configuration files under /etc/apt/apt.conf.d. We can create a configuration specifically for our proxy there, keeping it separate from all other configurations.

Create a new configuration file named proxy.conf.

sudo touch /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/proxy.conf

Open the proxy.conf file in a text editor.

sudo vi /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/proxy.conf

Add the following line to set your HTTP proxy.

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://user:password@proxy.server:port/";

Add the following line to set your HTTPS proxy.

Acquire::https::Proxy "http://user:password@proxy.server:port/";

Save your changes and exit the text editor.

Your proxy settings will be applied the next time your run Apt.


I will assume you have AMD Radeon HD4000. I have Radeon/Intel hybrid and I find method described here worked for Me with different Radeon HD and Intel GPUs.

Here I quote what worked for me:

3.1. Manually installing Catalyst 13.4

Before you go about installing the fglrx driver from AMD Catalyst 11.10 do read the release notes.

In this how-to an AMD64 Ubuntu 11.10/12.04 installation using a AMD Radeon HD 6300M will be chosen for illustrative purposes.

Note: Remember to uninstall the AMD proprietary fglrx graphics if it is already installed and reboot your system.   Download the drivers found at the AMD website. To avoid complications later on, save it inside an empty folder. Enable the Source Code repository in Synaptic Package Manger, then open a terminal and type:

sudo apt-get update

On a standard desktop install of Ubuntu 10.10 you may also need to install the QT4 libraries, to do this type:

sudo apt-get install libqtgui4

On a standard desktop install of Ubuntu 12.04 you may also need to install dh-make libraries, to do this type:

sudo apt-get install dh-make dh-modaliases execstack libc6-i386 lib32gcc1

Note: This is not necessary if you are running Kubuntu or have already installed the libraries. Still using the terminal, navigate to the folder where you downloaded the drivers.

Ubuntu 13.04 Raring:

sh amd-driver-installer-catalyst-13-4-x86.x86_64.run --buildpkg Ubuntu/raring

Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS Precise:

sh amd-driver-installer-catalyst-13-4-x86.x86_64.run --buildpkg Ubuntu/precise

If it is required, a package manager window will open and install some dependencies and after a while create the following three .deb packages:

    fglrx_12.104-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
    fglrx-amdcccle_12.104-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
    fglrx-dev_12.104-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb

Note: It will also create a file called fglrx-installer_12.104-0ubuntu1_amd64.changes. If you wish you can read this file to know the changes that have been effected through AMD Catalyst 13.4 and related information. To install the created .deb files, type:

sudo dpkg -i fglrx*.deb

Note: In case any of the packages are broken, open Synaptic Package Manager and go to Edit -> Fix Broken Packages. In case you are new to Ubuntu, broken here means that some dependent packages are not yet installed. Once you sort out the issue as indicated above through the Synaptic Package Manager, the problem of broken packages should be resolved.

Continuing with the installation, type:

sudo aticonfig --initial

After this command, reboot your system. If all is right, the fglrx driver that corresponds to AMD Catalyst 12.3 will be installed and working on your system. To confirm the drivers are working open a terminal and type:

fglrxinfo

You should get an output similar to the following:

fglrxinfo
display: :0  screen: 0
OpenGL vendor string: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
OpenGL renderer string: AMD Radeon HD 6300M Series
OpenGL version string: 4.2.11733 Compatibility Profile Context

Note: If you see any mention of MESA in the output, the fglrx drivers have not been installed correctly. See the troubleshooting section for more details You can make configuration changes through the AMD Catalyst Control Center, it can either be found in your Application menu or you can launch it through a terminal like this:

gksudo amdcccle

To read more about the AMD Catalyst Control Center click here. Keep in mind that all configuration options for the AMD Catalyst Control Center mentioned there may not be available for your Ubuntu system.


Open a terminal and type sudo visudo. At the end of the file (really the last line in it) type %yourusername% ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/apt-get install where %yourusername% is replaced by your username.

After that you wont be prompted for a password to use sudo apt-get install anymore but please understand this is a very risky solution, there is a reason why you need to type a password for some commands, the use of these commands without password can leave your system open for some dangers. Use with caution.


How can I add my python plugin's symbolic icons to the hicolor dir and use them?

About symbolic icons
Symbolic icons are (mostly) .svg icons, of which the name looks like:
some-icon-symbolic.svg

The special advantage of symbolic icons is that you can set its color, even if the icon itself has a totally different color. Therefore, they can ideally be used in themed situations, like panel icons.
An example:
Say I have an orange (symbolic) icon foldertrack-symbolic.svg icon:

Normally, this icon, used in a panel would look like:

When applied as a symbolic icon however, it fits in the theme:

How to apply symbolic icons to use its advantages
Don't set the image by its path (including extension):
(Don't use this ↓)

icon = Gtk.Image.new_from_file(
    "/usr/share/pixmaps/foldertrack-symbolic.svg",
)

But:

Make sure the icon is in a directory where you can simply use its icon name (by default you can use /usr/share/pixmaps, as described here)
Set the image by (only) its name without extension, and set the desired icon size:

icon = Gtk.Image.new_from_icon_name(
    "foldertrack-symbolic", Gtk.IconSize.MENU
)

...and your icon nicely fits in :)

The .plugin file
It won't surprise you can use the exact same trick on the .plugin file, to make the applet's appearance in Budgie-Settings fit in:
Use in the Icon description the name of the symbolic icon:
Icon=foldertrack-symbolic

...and it will fit in perfectly:


Way late, but same issue for me using awesomeWM. I just made a symlink called xterm in /usr/bin pointing to /usr/bin/<TERMINALOFCHOICE> (urxvt in my case).

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/urxvt /usr/bin/xterm

Working fine so far.


Try this, type in terminal:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-sdk-team/ppa && sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade && sudo apt install ubuntu-sdk-ide

Source: https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-sdk-team/+archive/ubuntu/ppa


Github ask for Username & password after Configure ssh?

The answer is there itself in the image.

GITHUB does not provide shell access

There are two options for you

go to the gihub website and ask them to provide shell access.Then wait for weeks on until they decide wether to give or not give shell access.
Use your terminal to login into github.

BTW why do you need to use shell login? It's unnecessary and incorrect.


Assuming you have installed it manually and not using apt
you have to use -r option with rm,
use rm -r /opt/eclipse/

But you have installed it using apt then use:

sudo apt-get autoremove eclipse
rm -r ~/.eclipse/


Installed Ubuntu ; can't acess Windows any more

Since you messed up with your partition, you'd better first recover your Windows partition before you deal with this "frequency out of range" error.

Use your Windows installation disk to boot you computer and select repair your computer option  below Install Now button. After that you need to select Startup Repair option.  If ever things go correct, you can boot into Windows.
More about Windows recovery can be found on the Microsoft website.

After that you can use Boot-Repair to get rid of "frequency out of range" error.

Install and run Boot-Repair from a liveCD or liveUSB
Click Advanced options
Reinstall GRUB
Go to the GRUB options tab
Tick the out-of-range option
Apply
Reboot your system.


Why do my clock, indicator applets, and notification area sometimes move around when I restart? How can I prevent that?

There is no real solution except to wait for bug #44082 to be fixed. However, there is a (very hackish) workaround. Put your panel applets where you want them, then run gconftool-2 --dump /apps/panel panel_backup.xml. When the applets get messed up, run

 gconftool-2 --load panel_backup.xml
 killall gnome-panel


found my own answer:

grep -F -vf domains.txt urls.txt


Read only filesystem does not mean the permissions only give you read access ( and fat32 doesn't store permissions ); it means that you either explicitly requested the filesystem be mounted read only, or an error occurred, and so to prevent further damage, the filesystem was automatically made read only.  The drive is probably failing.  Run dmesg for detailed error messages, and open the disk utility and check the SMART health of the drive.

Most likely you will see IO errors reported in dmesg, and bad sectors in the disk utility.


It's possible that the hidden file ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list has been corrupted or inadvertently altered. Make a backup of this file just to be safe and then delete the original. Then log out and log back in. The system should recreate this file. For some specialised instances, you may have to "re-train" the system by right-clicking on a file type and choosing "Open with" and then an application to "Always Open with" by checking that option.


Drupal Runtime error... RuntimeException: Guzzle requires cURL, the allow_url_fopen ini setting, or a custom HTTP handler

It turns out that sudo apt-get install php-guzzle fixes this. Just posting for others.


Do we have a freezer charm for Queen Version of Openstack

The OpenStack Charms project does not have a charm for Freezer and Ubuntu does not published packages - so there are both packaging and charming development required to support this project.

If you'd like to have a go at writing a charm for Freezer take a read through the charm development guide.


How to display kernel's PSI (Pressure Stall Information)?

Pressure information for each resource is exported through the respective file in /proc/pressure/ – cpu, memory, and io.

The PSI command for your CPU is:

some avg10=0.00 avg60=0.00 avg300=0.00 total=0

and for memory and IO:

some avg10=0.00 avg60=0.00 avg300=0.00 total=0

full avg10=0.00 avg60=0.00 avg300=0.00 total=0

The “some” line indicates the share of time in which at least some tasks are stalled on a given resource.

The “full” line indicates the share of time in which all non-idle tasks are stalled on a given resource simultaneously. In this state actual CPU cycles are going to waste, and a workload that spends extended time in this state is considered to be thrashing. This has severe impact on performance, and it’s useful to distinguish this situation from a state where some tasks are stalled but the CPU is still doing productive work. As such, time spent in this subset of the stall state is tracked separately and exported in the “full” averages.

More detail can be found in my source, which I added as the link in the first graf of your query.


How do I retrieve my files from an Ubuntu install that can't boot?

You should be able to recover your files by booting your computer from a LiveCD/USB, then mounting your Ubuntu partition from Nautilus (the file manager). Once you have access to your files, just insert another removable data storage device of your choice to back your files up to, then unmount both and reinstall.

When someone told you that this was being caused by a bug in a recent update and to use an older version, it sounds like they think the kernel is the problem and you should try booting an older kernel. Assuming you haven't been removing them manually, you should be able to select the next highest-numbered kernel in your GRUB menu (12.04 LTS and previous), or find this kernel hidden in the "Advanced options for Ubuntu" entry (12.10 and later).


There are a couple of things going on here.

First, an application may be listening on localhost but not on your external adapter, so it is possible you could connect to localhost but others would not be able to. For this reason, in your testing you should use your computer's IP address which is visible to the network rather than localhost. This should be listed in the output of ip addr show.

To see not only if it is possible to connect to the port, but information about the service running on it, I recommend nmap (replace 192.168... with your IP):

nmap -A 192.168.0.101 -p 25565

Alternatively, to just confirm that an application is listening on that port:

netstat -tulpn |grep '\b25565\b'

Both of these could be included in a while true; do ...; sleep 60; done script.


Where is X-chat when it is minimized to tray?

There is a useful indicator that you should install with xchat called xchat-indicator - as you can see, when xchat is minimized you can find it in the messaging indicator
xchat-indicator


I've just experienced this exact same problem after upgrading to 16.04.1 from 14.04 (under which USB tethering worked fine for years).

Based on syslog it looks like it's caused by a conflict with ModemManager.

Aug 25 13:12:24 outback NetworkManager[2543]: <info>  [1472145144.1334] device (enp0s20u2): Activation: successful, device activated.
[...eliding log entries related to nm-dispatcher services]
Aug 25 13:12:38 outback ModemManager[2503]: <info>  Creating modem with plugin 'Generic' and '2' ports
Aug 25 13:12:38 outback ModemManager[2503]: <info>  Modem for device at '/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-2' successfully created
Aug 25 13:12:41 outback ModemManager[2503]: <warn>  couldn't load Manufacturer: 'Serial command timed out'
Aug 25 13:12:44 outback ModemManager[2503]: <warn>  couldn't load Model: 'Serial command timed out'
Aug 25 13:12:47 outback ModemManager[2503]: <warn>  couldn't load Revision: 'Serial command timed out'
Aug 25 13:12:50 outback ModemManager[2503]: <warn>  couldn't load Equipment Identifier: 'Serial command timed out'
Aug 25 13:12:50 outback ModemManager[2503]: <warn>  couldn't load Operator name: 'SIM failed to handle CRSM request (sw1 106 sw2 130)'
Aug 25 13:12:54 outback ModemManager[2503]: <warn>  couldn't load IMEI: 'Serial command timed out'
Aug 25 13:12:54 outback ModemManager[2503]: <info>  Modem: state changed (unknown -> disabled)
Aug 25 13:12:54 outback NetworkManager[2543]: <info>  [1472145174.3879] device (enp0s20u2): state change: activated -> deactivating (reason 'connection-removed') [100 110 38]
Aug 25 13:12:54 outback NetworkManager[2543]: <info>  [1472145174.3881] manager: NetworkManager state is now DISCONNECTING
Aug 25 13:12:54 outback NetworkManager[2543]: <info>  [1472145174.4362] dns-mgr: Writing DNS information to /sbin/resolvconf
Aug 25 13:12:54 outback dnsmasq[4348]: setting upstream servers from DBus
Aug 25 13:12:54 outback NetworkManager[2543]: <info>  [1472145174.4430] manager: (ttyACM0): new Broadband device (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/4)
Aug 25 13:12:54 outback NetworkManager[2543]: <info>  [1472145174.4441] device (ttyACM0): state change: unmanaged -> unavailable (reason 'managed') [10 20 2]
Aug 25 13:12:54 outback NetworkManager[2543]: <info>  [1472145174.4445] device (ttyACM0): modem state 'enabling'
Aug 25 13:12:54 outback NetworkManager[2543]: <info>  [1472145174.4457] device (enp0s20u2): state change: deactivating -> disconnected (reason 'connection-removed') [110 30 38]

I disabled ModemManager via the command:

sudo systemctl disable ModemManager.service

And then rebooted.  My subsequent USB tethering sessions have been stable since then.

I'm sure there's a way to configure ModemManager properly for my phone (an LG G3), but I have no current need for a serial modem, so this method works for me.


Seahorse does not decrpypt under ubuntu 16

Seahorse relies on GnuPG 2 installed as gpg2, not GnuPG 1.4 installed as gpg.

Ubuntu 16.04 ships GnuPG 2.1, which moved private keys from the private keyring file into the pubring.gpg. Export the private keys in gpg and import them in gpg2 to copy them:

gpg --export-secret-keys | gpg2 --import


Thunar: No zooming possible anymore with ctrl and mouse wheel

You can still zoom in and out in Thunar 1.8.1 which is the version present in Xubuntu 18.10 but to do so, you'll need the keyboard:

Ctrl+Shift+= pressed repeatedly will zoom in

Ctrl+- will zoom out

I couldn't find specific information about the mouse route in the release notes or in the link to Thunar 1.8.1 in the release notes.


How to open file in GUI mode with terminal?

Opening a text file in a text editor is as simple as Fernhill Linux Project's answer.

For a more generic "open with default program" command you may type xdg-open filename.

A video file would open with your default video player, a text file with your default text editor, etc.

This has the added advantage that you may close the terminal window without closing the application.


Firefox can't save download files on ntfs partition

It's a bug in firefox - but easy to work around.

Usually, the directory for downloaded files is allways the same, and you make the dialog not ask every time for a directory.

Now, the directory is - for some reason - no longer writable.
Firefox could just tell you, and ask to choose a different download directory.
The bug is that it does not do this last step, and gives you no hint what to do.

But it's easy to go to the preferences dialog, and change the download directory setting, it's on the "General" tab.

You could set it to "Always ask me where to save files", try it, and disable the asking again in the file dialog.

See also mozilla support: Downloading an update, I get this messa...


New install of ubuntu server, and networking is not working correctly with Intel 82579LM

Same problem here. Looked around for a solution, both the installer and the live cd (trial) do not detect the network card (no networking available).
lshw -c network
will show the network hardware is detected but "unclaimed". Not sure what that means. Unhelpfully, most of the fixes tell you to run stuff that requires downloading pkgs ie. over the network. Sheesh.
I ended up plugging in another network card (rtl8111) to get networking going.
ubuntu version 20.04, live cd - no patches applied.


ThinkPad Ubuntu 12.10 Savage driver not working

On a savage s3 graphics card (S3 VT8375 [ProSavage8 KM266/KL266]) the vesa-driver is still working. You have to create your own etc/X11/xorg.conf

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier     "Peter"
    Option         "DPMS"
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Ientifier      "SavageBla"
    Driver         "vesa"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier     "Default Screen"
    Device         "SavageBla"
    Monitor        "Peter"
EndSection

You can use the device, but don't expect any graphics acceleration.


Not yet, but a launchpad project has been started and if you get in now, you might get to influence its features...


How to remove /tmp/ partition and keep it in RAM?

In /etc/fstab comment out any line that might mount your separate /tmp partition on your hard drive. You then can have /tmp in RAM with the following line in /etc/fstab:

tmpfs /tmp tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noatime 0       0

After this, you can remove the dedicated /tmp partition on your drive using a partition editor or use it for something else.


The output from dmesg is not the result you want you still have to run the command:

setserial -g /dev/ttyS[0123456789]

The output would be like:

/dev/ttyS0, UART: 16550A, Port: 0x03f8, IRQ: 4
/dev/ttyS1, UART: 16550A, Port: 0x1020, IRQ: 18
/dev/ttyS2, UART: unknown, Port: 0x03e8, IRQ: 4
/dev/ttyS3, UART: unknown, Port: 0x02e8, IRQ: 3
....
/dev/ttyS7, UART: unknown, Port: 0x1020, IRQ: 18
/dev/ttyS8, UART: unknown, Port: 0x03e8, IRQ: 4
/dev/ttyS9, UART: unknown, Port: 0x02e8, IRQ: 3

So as shown above The unkwon UART is not taken so you can use ttyS0 ot ttyS1.

Try this for your system and check.

More if you still use some old Ubuntu version < 14.04 you can use gtkterm which is a simple GTK+ terminal used to communicate with the serial port.

sudo apt-get install gtkterm


I think this computer does not have enough cpu and graphics 'horsepower' for standard Ubuntu, but it should work with the light-weight flavour Lubuntu. I suggest that you try with Lubuntu 16.04.1 LTS 32-bit alias i386 (it is important to get the 'first point release' (.1 at the end of the version number), otherwise you might have problems with the graphics. You find tips and also a general link to standard Ubuntu and all the community flavours via this link

Try Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, ...) before installing it


Can libreoffice ppa be trusted if it has "no ultimately trusted keys"?

I am quoting the official Debian wiki page about SecureApt:

What does the "gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found" warning mean?
The Warning: "no ultimately trusted keys found" means that gpg was not configured to ultimately trust a specific key. Trust settings are part of OpenPGPs Web-of-Trust which does not apply here. So there is no problem with this warning. In usual setups the users own key is ultimately trusted.

That means yes, you may trust the keys.
GPG is by default configured to only "ultimately trust" your own keys (if you ever created any).


How to tackle "libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found" without upgrading the whole OS

You will need to upgrade very soon if you want to continue to have support. Ubuntu 11.10 will be End of Life on May 9th. As you say it is a shared computer with several users, it would probably be best to stick to LTS releases, as starting with Ubuntu 12.04, they are supported for 5 years across the board.

As for simply installing a newer glibc, it is not so simple. Simply forcing the newr version from a newer Ubuntu release to be installed could result in a completely unusable system. The newer release has a newer tool chain, which the library was compiled against, which may have different optimizations than the older versions, and could result in possible crashes or other errors, even if the system were to appear usable, due to differences in the tool chain. So you should not simply install the new version.

Your best option here would be to upgrade to 12.04, and stick to LTS releases on that system.


difference between postgres=# and postgres-#?

postgres=#

means you could start a new command.

postgres-#

means this is the continuation of the active command. So the command you really entered up to now is

select * from emp_data select * from emp_data;

which is no valid SQL statement.
You just forgot the ';' at the end of the statement (first line)


How to access files in Virtualbox Ubuntu when in Window 10 due to failure of booting up ubuntu

Edit the settings of Ubuntu virtual machine.
Go to storage and add Ubuntu iso file. (for example ubuntu-20.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso)
Start the virtual machine and boot from CD by pressing F12 and then press C

Once Ubuntu starts open Files. You should be able to access your files now.
You can use a flash drive but you need to shut down the virtual machine and install VirtualBox Extension Pack for virtualbox version installed  on your computer.
And then enable usb controller in virtual machine settings.
start the virtual machine
Add the flash drive to the virtual machine to copy your files


Nmap requires root permissions for many things (see below). Because of this, it is tempting to use various schemes (sudo NOPASSWD, setuid, etc.) to allow users to run it without providing a root password. But this is extremely dangerous, since it is trivial to use Nmap to launch any other command or shell. For example: nmap --script <(echo 'os.execute("/bin/sh")')

Fortunately, Nmap has experimental support for Linux capabilities. By installing Nmap with the CAP_NET_RAW, CAP_NET_ADMIN, and CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE capabilities, you can more safely allow unprivileged users to run it. Nmap itself cannot detect that it has these capabilities, so you must use the --privileged option to inform it to try using them regardless of UID. More discussion is available in the link above.

Nmap requires root permissions for everything except:

TCP Connect scan (-sT)
Reverse-DNS name resolution
Host discovery ("ping") methods except for TCP Connect (-PS)
Service and Application Version Detection (-sV)
Most Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE) scripts


First: do you really need to delete it?

Second: I would not recommend to use sudo. Instead I think it's better to always use gksudo. Why?:

  You should never use normal sudo to start graphical applications as
  root. You should use gksudo (kdesudo on Kubuntu) to run such programs.
  gksudo sets HOME=~root, and copies .Xauthority to a tmp directory.
  This prevents files in your home directory becoming owned by root.

More info: What is the difference between “gksudo nautilus” and “sudo nautilus”?

You can open a terminal,and type:

gksudo nautilus

Press Enter and a new window will open. Now you can delete anything, included things that you should not delete!


What's the best, most compatible sub-$100 graphics card for Natty?

If you want a truly "Out of the box" experience you should buy any Intel Graphics Adapter (this also applies if you don't like proprietary drivers).
If you prefer a bit more performance and accept an "Out of the box in the second attempt" experience you should consider buying a Nvidia or ATI card (the only thing needed here is to install the proprietary driver on the first start).
In my experience a Pentium IV 2800MHz with 1GB of ram and a Nvidia 6200 AGP works smoothly with Natty (as you can see it's a five/six year old computer).


execute permission problem with php file

You don't need to add execution permission on php files, install php5-cli:

sudo apt-get install php5-cli

And now to run your php file, just type:

php test.php

Alternatively to really make it executable, add the php shebang:

#!/usr/bin/php -q
<?php
Print "Hello, World!";
?>

And add the execution permission on your file:

chmod +x ./test.php


Unable to install Kodi on Ubuntu Mate 16.04

Looks like you're trying to install Kodi from different package sources and with a different package structure. This can cause problems when you're trying to replace one with the other in a straight forward manner. You should be able to resolve the issue by removing the existing Kodi packages before you install the new ones:

sudo apt remove kodi\*
sudo dpkg -i /path/to/kodi.deb

If the last step results in unsatisfied dependencies you can have Apt resolve them:

sudo apt install -f


How to recover data from NTFS partition that was made into a Swap partition?

Don't let the panic invade you. Before trying anything, follow this steps:

Note: to open a program, just press Super to open the dash, and search for its name.

Don't turn your computer on. Instead, go get a Ubuntu live-CD and boot with it.
Immediately after it has booted, open a Terminal and disable the swap partition with:

sudo swapoff -a

It's very important to do that, or your Ubuntu will overwrite the contents of the partition when it gets out of memory.
(Optional) If have an external disk with enough space, save a full copy of your drive on it:

sudo apt-get install gddrescue
cd /media/your-external-disk
ddrescue -v /dev/sd? backup.dd state.log

Be sure to replace the ? with the letter of the damaged drive.
Run GParted if you don't know which one is it.
Install testdisk with:

sudo apt-get install testdisk

and then run it with sudo testdisk.
This is the program that may save your bacon!
Then, just follow these steps very carefully.
If you're lucky, you will be able to access your original files and restore your partition back!


Installing Linux without affecting Window 7

Answer to question1:  if you delete Linux and want to not affect the windows bootloader then the Windows bootloader would have to manage both OSs.

Question2: sda, sdb, sdc ... you see a pattern? Everyone is a separate partition, and this is their name. In windows you have C, D, E ...

To make what you are asking I would do like this:

Enter in Linux and do 4 partitions:

sda formatted as ext4
sdb formatted as linux-swap (with the space double of your ram in the system)
sdc formatted as ntfs
sdd formatted as ntfs

First instal Ubuntu, when you install you select the mout point / in the sda and then the sdb as swap partition and you install.

Then, install Windows 7 and you will see you have 4 partition in which 2 as ntfs and and probably two unrecognised. In Windows you will have the C drive where the Windows is and the second where you put your data.

Since the Windows 7 is installed secondly and because Windows does what it wants, it will put its bootloader over the Linux one.

Now I have not done lately this (2-3 years ago), and I may not be the best practice, but you get the point.


"cd /ect/mysql/" gives error "-bash: cd /ect/mysql : No such file or directory" when it exists

It turns out I made a spelling mistake when trying to access the my.cnf file. I retyped the directory and the following happened:

ubuntu@ip-172-31-18-130:/var$ cd /etc/mysql
ubuntu@ip-172-31-18-130:/etc/mysql$

I got in with no problem. Thank you so much for pointing out my silly mistake.


Shortcut to open xfce4-terminal and run 'history' command on Xubuntu 16.04.6

You have to enable history separately in a non-interactive shell:

xfce4-terminal --hold -x bash -c 'HISTFILE=~/.bash_history; set -o history; history'

Reference


True reason why VirtualBox machine does not start after a linux kernel update

I found a solution.

Although my question is not answered and I don't exactly understand WHY this problem happens, I want to share a simple summarization of the solution with you. I accepted that the Linux kernel simply doesn't provide support to Virtualbox after an update. They know the reason.

Anyway, the problem happens after almost every kernel update or package upgrade. If you try

$ sudo modprobe vboxdrv, you get modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'vboxdrv': Required key not available.

The solution is to manually sign the key EVERY time this happens, because the signing is KERNEL-DEPENDENT. It is related to Ubuntu 16.04 WITHOUT disabling Secure Boot.

Steps:

Check if installed headers ($ dpkg -l | grep linux-headers) match
the running kernel

($ uname -r).
You can always use this command to see a list of enrolled/signed keys:

$ sudo keyctl list %:.system_keyring.
If you already signed a key for Virtualbox (with the old kernel), you need to remove it. There is a way to remove a single key, but I remove them all in once (all keys that I enrolled):

$ sudo mokutil --reset. Choose a password and restart the computer.
You will be asked automatically by Ubuntu on booting. Choose "Reset MOK" and use the chosen password.
If you haven’t created X.509 key yet, create folder for the key and navigate to it.
Create the key with: $ openssl req -new -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout MOK.priv -outform DER -out MOK.der -nodes -days 36500 -subj "/CN=Akrog/". Instead of “MOK” and “Akrog” choose names (e.g. “vbX509Key” and “vbKey”).
Enroll the key with: $ sudo /usr/src/linux-headers-XXX-generic/scripts/sign-file sha256 ./MOK.priv ./MOK.der /lib/modules/XXX-generic/updates/dkms/vboxdrv.ko. Instead of “MOK” use the specified name and correct kernel version instead of "XXX".
Import the key with $ sudo mokutil --import MOK.der. Again, use the specified name instead of “MOK”. Choose a password and restart the computer.
You will be asked automatically by Ubuntu on booting. Choose "Enroll MOK" and use the chosen password.

Now you can normally start and use the Virtualbox.


How to make full USB format using terminal

Short answer: you need to wipe the drive first, then reformat in order to reformat a drive, making sure none of the previously stored data survives.
You are doing a "full format" whenever you use the mkfs -t vfat or mkfs.vfat command. You cannot use formatting to wipe the existing binary data off a drive. After formatting, a new file system is in place. While the old data are not anymore accessible, they still exist on the drive and may be accessed using specialized tools such as data recovery software.
If your intention is to wipe these data, you need other tools. The tool dd can be used to overwrite an entire disk or partition or a file with zero data. For example, a command such as
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda2 bs=1M

will overwrite all data on partition /dev/sda2 with zeros. All of the partition data is wiped, so after this, a new file system needs to be created on the partition. Substituting /dev/sda2 by /dev/sda will overwrite the entire drive, including the partition table. To wipe individual files, you are safer using the shred or wipe commands.
Warning: the dd command must be run as root. It writes at the low level and is extremely dangerous if you do not know exactly what you want to do.


You said that you changed it with xmodmap -e "keycode 54 shift = numbersign asciitilde".

To change this back, you can run

xmodmap -e "keycode 54 shift = c C"

Since you can't type "c" and "C", you can either copy-paste the command from here, or press Ctrl+Shift+U, then either "63" for lowercase "c", or "43" for uppercase "C", and finally Enter.


Jitsi has a functionality called Call Transfer that should produce the result you seek:

One useful feature of IP telephony is the fact that users can easily transfer their calls to someone else.
Imagine for example that you are talking to a friend who’s asking you about your notes of a particular class or lecture. You don’t have them but you know that another friend of yours does. It would be nice if you could simply forward the call to that new person so that your two friends could arrange the transfer by themselves.

An alternative would be Twinkle; from the manual:

When you want to transfer a standing call to another party you press the Xfer button. This will popup a dialog box from which you can choose what kind of call transfer you want.

Blind call transfer
Transfer with consultation
Transfer to other line

Call transfer will only work if your SIP provider and/or the remote party supports the proper SIP extensions.


What are the opensource alternatives for MS Project in order to manage Project management?

GanttProject Open Source by Dmitry Barashev, Alexandre Thomas | Mac, Windows, Linux

GanttProject is a cross-platform desktop tool for project scheduling and management. It runs on Windows, Linux and MacOSX, it is free and its code is opensource.

ProjectLibre Open Source | Mac, Windows, Linux

ProjectLibre is a Java-based project management solution that gives Microsoft Project a run for its money. Offering a UI similar enough to ease the transition from Microsoft's market leader.

GNOME Planner Open Source by Richard Hult and Mikael Hallendal, | Windows, Linux

Planner is the GNOME project management tool. Its goal is to be an easy-to-use no-nonsense cross-platform project management application.

Calligra Plan Open Source by Calligra Suite | Linux

Calligra Plan (formerly KPlato) is a project management application. It is intended for managing moderately large projects with multiple resources.

2-Plan Free | Mac, Windows, Linux

2-plan Project Management Systems offers three PM tools: a free desktop system, an open-source software for multiple projects and teams, and a scrum board.

Source:
http://alternativeto.net/


I am not able to login. Getting "Sorry that didnt work. Please try again" error before entering password

@user3711432 when you hit space-bar to get the login screen it actually puts a space" " in the username field. Hit the backspace once or twice when you hit spacebar to get the login screen , and then type the username .
This will probably work


When you boot form a LiveUSB, you do not login with your name and password. You have access to your HDD, unless there are restrictions.
But if you run

sudo nautilus

in terminal, file manager will start with root rights, and you will be able to do whatever you want.


Importing calendar events to Thunderbird in Ubuntu 12.04

I am using the Lightning add-on in Thunderbird in Ubuntu 14.04. I was able to successfully import an event from an .ics file to Thunderbird by following these steps:

Create an example event and save it as an .ics file. I created an example event at Create an iCalendar Appointment File (.ics) website. The website shows you an event data form with several input text boxes and all you have to do is to fill in the event data form and then click the Create Event button.
Copy the resulting iCalendar Output into a local text file called example-event.ics and save the file.
Open Thunderbird and select Events and Tasks -> Import.
A new Import window will open. Browse to the example-event.ics file (or whatever the name of your .ics file is), click on the .ics file to select it, and click the Open button to import it.

The new event will now be added to your Lightning calendar.


On such an old PC i would prefer Lubuntu.

lubuntu-14.04-desktop-i386.iso 683M  Desktop image for PC (Intel x86) computers (standard download)

http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/14.04/release/

This fits also on a CD -> 683MB

Here is a good installation guide.


You can use Boot-Repair to restore your Windows boot entry. Just run "recommended repair".


not able to create hotspot in ubuntu 16.04

I have tried this tutorial and for me it works great. Also I can connect to Ubuntu from Android and any device.

Disable WIFI and plug in an internet cable to your laptop so that your Ubuntu is connect to a wired internet and wireless is disabled.

Go to Network Icon on top panel -> Edit Connections …, then click the Add button in the pop-up window.

Choose Wi-Fi from the drop-down menu when you’re asked to choose a connection type:

In next window, do:
Type in a connection name. The name will be used later. Type in a SSID, Select mode: Infrastructure , Device MAC address: select your wireless card from drop-down menu.

Go to Wi-Fi Security tab, select security type WPA & WPA2 Personal and set a password.

Go to IPv4 Settings tab, from Method drop-down box select Shared to other computers.
When done, click the save button.

After above steps, a configuration file created under /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections directory. File name is same to the connection name you typed in step 4.
Now press CtrlAltT on keyboard to open terminal. When it opens, paste the commands below and hit enter to edit the configuration file:
gksu gedit /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/wifi-hotspot

Replace wifi-hotspt with the connection name you typed in step 4.
When the file opens, find out the line mode=infrastructure and change it to mode=ap. Finally save the file.
When everything’s done, enable WIFI from Network Manager icon on the panel. It should automatically connect to the hotspot you created. If not, select “Connect to Hidden Wi-Fi Network …” and select it from the drop-down box.
Done.


How do I get started with an Ubuntu friendly GUI framework?

Really the way to go overall for user friendly GUI app development is Quickly. It gives you a workflow and several helper scripts to get you up and running fast and easy. It is however very opinionated on the software to use, eg for GUI it uses PyGTK.

My own experience from looking into the Python GUI frameworks is that there is no single best one. Some say wxPython is the way to go, others PyQT. However I believe a lot of the Ubuntu specific software is done using PyGTK.


gnome shell choppy/flicking after --replace (nvidia gfx)

Try rolling your nvidia driver back to 295.40, this just fixed a few issues like this with my 12.04 x64.


Will AWLL6077v2 Wireless N 300 USB Adapter

Yes they will work with Ubuntu kernel versions of Ubuntu 12.04 and 13.04. There is huge discussion there and Its already solved . i can not extract the answer for you . you have to read it once.

https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-nettool/+question/120351


Git is not installed by default, but is being available to install after you make a packages info update:

sudo apt update

Also, make sure, you have supported Ubuntu version by cat /etc/lsb-release. Supported Ubuntu versions now are 16.04 LTS, 18.04 LTS, 19.10, ESM paid support versions from 12.04 till 18.04.

For Ubuntu 19.10 you could have the next /etc/apt/sources.list:

cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://en.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan main restricted
deb http://en.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan-updates main restricted
deb http://en.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan universe
deb http://en.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan-updates universe
deb http://en.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan multiverse
deb http://en.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan-updates multiverse
#deb http://en.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security multiverse

But if you have some testing or unstable repositories enabled and install some packages from them, they could point to not existing packages. You could also move your /etc/apt/sources.list.d/* config files to other backup folder.

Then you could try to remove dependent packages if they are present, then sudo apt clean, sudo apt update and sudo apt install git again.

You could also use sudo apt install -f to correct issues when you've installed some packages usually manually using dpkg -i <package-name>.deb command.


How to install Intel HD Graphics driver on 20.04?

The Intel Graphics driver's preinstalled in the kernel.

https://www.linuxbabe.com/desktop-linux/switch-intel-nvidia-graphics-card-ubuntu shows sudo prime-select intel switches back to Intel and prime-select query shows which card is active.

More detail at https://askubuntu.com/a/661924/197910


The main difference between these two examples is that yours is referring to partitions by their UUID, rather than another method such as whatever path your kernel chooses for them.

Addressing a partition by its UUID:

UUID=b8a822c2-467f-4914-a28a-34f0553926ac

Addressing a partition by its kernel path:

/dev/sd1

Addressing a partition by its label:

LABEL=home

The benefit to using the UUID is that if you swap which physical ports they plug into on your motherboard (or mess with your CMOS settings to do the same thing), they will still be identified properly.  Likewise you can be sure if you add a new drive or partition it won't conflict.

The UUID is unique to the drive/partition itself, not to the port the drive is plugged into or the order in which it's configured in your CMOS settings.

Using the label can achieve a similar function, but it is probably my least preferred choice, because there is a high likelihood of name conflicts - if you ever attach a new drive that also has a partition with the same label, it becomes ambiguous which one should be chosen.


Unless the Tor guides specify not to do so, I'd recommend using nginx over Apache for pretty much anything these days.

While your machine is connected to your LAN, you can check it using another machine.  From another machine on your LAN, use sudo nmap -p- IP.TO.TOR.HOST.  You can then see what ports are visible, pretty much like an attacker would do.


Ubuntu 20.04 not booting after uninstalling python

0 step: You need to boot into recovery mode and select "root - Drop to root shell prompt" then check if you have an active internet connection by pinging google's dns server. If you have skip first step and do second step.
1 step: Execute these commands:
ip link
ip link set  up
dhclient
ip addr show dev
If you got an ip address from your router check internet connection again by pinging google's dns server.
2 step:
apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
reboot
After these steps you should be able to boot into Ubuntu.


Colours/Background messed up in VNC Viewer

If you want full wicked colours follow this simple steps:

Open VNC VIEWER

Select OPTIONS

Unselect Adapt to Network Speed

Drag the bar to the quality you wish to have

To the Right is the best colour option but uses more bandwidth. To the left you have less bandwidth use but also less colours.

Now connect to the place you want.


How would I use ulogd2 on Ubuntu with IPv6?

As stated in the man page, ULOG is deprecated (and IPv4-only). It was replaced with the NFLOG target, which can be used with either protocol.

For example:

ip6tables -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/sec --limit-burst 15 -j NFLOG --nflog-prefix "flt "

You still use the ulogd2 daemon with the NFLOG target.


The xrandr command in Terminal (Ctrl-Alt-T) might help.

If you run xrandr by itself, it should show the name(s) of your monitors.

xrandr

What worked for me was this:

sudo xrandr --output VGA-0 --mode 1920x1200

where VGA-0 is the name of my secondary monitor and the mode value a good fit for my monitor.

If you ever mess up your resolution and can't read anything on the screen anymore, type (blindly) this command to reset it to a basic resolution:

sudo xrandr -s 1024x768


Assuming you are working on Ubuntu with Apache...

Apache setup serves www.mysite.com from the directory /var/www/, you probably moved the mystore folder to /var/www and the path to folder now is /var/www/mystore which Apache cannot handle according to your needs and
will probably serve (according to its directives) at www.mysite.com/mystore.

In order to fix that you will have to edit the site location, that is to show Apache where to find the file you want to serve at www.mysite.com. Since you dont give further details,
i assume that there is a configuration file for mysite located at /etc/apache/sites-available directory named either default,  default-ssl which are the configuration files coming with every Apache installation on Ubuntu or some other name you gave for site's configuration file.

You will have to edit the lines at this file accordingly.
The file may contain the following lines:

DocumentRoot /var/www
  <Directory /var/www/>
[...]

change to:

DocumentRoot /var/www/mystore
<Directory /var/www/mystore/>

save the file and execute the following in order for Apache to load the new configuration:

sudo service apache2 reload

You can find more information on how to configure Apache at Official Ubuntu Documentation -HTTPD - Apache2 Web Server section.


I have a problem to start my dhcp server in ubuntu 12.04

looks like you're missing semicolons inside of your subnet declaration.  Try:

/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

authoritative;
ddns-update-style none;
default-lease-time 240;
max-lease-time 380;
subnet 192.168.21.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.21.30 192.168.21.70;
  option routers 192.168.21.1;
}


No. It is not possible. Please check here: TP Link ac600 driver compiling problem And post #18 here: https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2367163&highlight=mt7610u

I suggest that you get a different device.


Some problems after running ubuntu tweak application

I realize this question is pretty old, but I don't see any answers to this problem.  I only see one question and it seems pretty clear, so I don't understand the criticism made by "To Do" regarding posting one question at a time.

Anyways I had a similar problem with the same locale.Error message.  As nobody bothered to respond to or redirect from this question, I figured it out on my own.  It's an error in python, see here for a solution:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14547631/python-locale-error-unsupported-locale-setting

See the response over at stackoverflow by Bakuriu for full explanation, but basically from the terminal (Ctrl-Alt-T) type

sudo apt-get install language-pack-[id]
where [id] is replaced by the language code you can find online (for english it is "en-base" without the quotes.)

After that finishes type:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

...and if your problem was the same as mine, Ubuntu Tweak should run just fine (enter ubuntu-tweak in the terminal to test.)


As far as I know, Lubuntu uses AC power while the cable is plugged in and the battery fully charged. You can change your power settings using xfce power manager 4 which is installed by default and can be found under

Menu>Preferences>Power Manager


Rename multiple files with same digits after decimal

Using the perl-based rename command, then given
$ ls vort*.txt
vort-0.001.txt  vort-0.01.txt  vort-0.1.txt  vort-0.2.txt

then
rename -n 's/(\d+\.\d+)/sprintf "%.2f", $1/e' vort*.txt

will impose 2-digit precision everywhere, as
rename(vort-0.001.txt, vort-0.00.txt)
rename(vort-0.1.txt, vort-0.10.txt)
rename(vort-0.2.txt, vort-0.20.txt)

If you want to rename to a minimum precision i.e. only modify filenames that currently have single-digit precision, then
$ rename -n 's/(\d+\.\d)(?=\D)/sprintf "%.2f", $1/e' vort*.txt
rename(vort-0.1.txt, vort-0.10.txt)
rename(vort-0.2.txt, vort-0.20.txt)

Remove the -n once you are happy that it is doing the right thing.

To do the same thing using bash shell manipulations alone,
for f in vort-?.?.txt; do
  base=${f%.txt}
  printf -v newname 'vort-%.2f.txt' "${base#vort-}"
  echo mv -- "$f" "$newname"
done

Here, remove the echo after testing.


No, a snap is self-contained. It may of course contain a bin/, usr/bin/, etc. within itself, but it cannot place things into the system's /bin/, /usr/bin/, etc.

The best practice to utilize such resources provided by the snap is to export them from the snap using the "apps" keyword in the YAML. For example, say I have an executable shell script called hello.sh, which contains the following:

#!/bin/sh
echo "hello snap guru"

And I have a snapcraft.yaml that looks like this:

name: hello
version: 1
summary: my summary
description: my description

apps:
  run:
    command: hello.sh

parts:
  hello:
    plugin: copy
    files:
      hello.sh: bin/

After you run snapcraft on this and install the resulting snap, you'll notice that hello.sh is contained within the snap's bin/ directory, which is of course not in your PATH so you can't directly call it. However, when the snap is installed, snappy creates a new script inside /snap/bin/ for each item in the "apps" keyword (run in this case), and /snap/bin/ is in your PATH. You should be able to run the hello.sh script just by using <snap name>.<app name>:

$ hello.run
hello snap guru


Well if you copy there with root permission it is no wonder, that you can't open it with normal user privileges. I suggest, that you should not to use terminal for this, simply download the icon theme (I assume it is a package archive) open it with Archive Manager, and simply extract it to the .icons folder.


I wanted this feature on my Ubuntu when i switched from windows7.
I use the grid component on Compiz, mapped on numeric keyboard, this is really efficient and I know prefer this way to organize windows on my desktop.