How to install the 'Quicktime'-Plugin (needed for youtube-songs in Tomahawk)?

It may be a bit late, but I had rather the same problem with Tomahawk version 0.5.0 under Ubuntu 12.04.

The solution is to install the phonon-backend-vlc package instead of phonon-backend-gstreamer

as they told us on the website
http://www.tomahawk-player.org/download.html


Ubuntu Java Scene Builder too small on a 4k screen

On Ubuntu 20.10 I solved this by adding java-options=-Dglass.gtk.uiScale=1.5 in /opt/scenebuilder/lib/SceneBuilder.cfg


How to play music from iTunes library located in a Windows 7 partition?

If you have access to Windows partition you can play your files with any player.

For example you can use default player Banshee:

Open Banshee and press Ctrl+I (Import Media)
From the "Import From" drop-down menu select "iTunes Media Player" then locate your "iTunes Music Library.xml" file
Import


How do you configure the lock screen in Ubuntu Phone?

The dial on the lock screen shows data sources from various apps (telegram, phone, etc...) and also shows the current day of the month.

You can change the lock screen background in developer mode.
You will need to remount the root partition in read-write mode and then you can change the lock screen background which is located at /usr/share/unity8/graphics/phone_background.jpg to whatever you like.

Steps:

Enable developer mode (System settings > About this phone > Developer mode)
Open a shell (Either download terminal app or use adb shell on your computer when phone is connected and set up to use adb.
Remount root partition in read-write mode sudo mount -o remount,rw /
Overwrite /usr/share/unity8/graphics/phone_background.jpg to any other jpg on your device (Size of original pic is 1080x1920 so keep that in mind as not sure how it scales)

If you feel like changing your ringtone to something other than the standard ringtones you can add ogg media files to /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/ringtones


ibus-avro is not working in ubuntu 12.10

Finally I am able to install it. I have compiled it from the source without installing gir1.2-gjsdbus-1.0 and till now it is working perfectly.
First install the bellow mention packages using the code.

  sudo apt-get install git ibus libibus-1.0-dev automake autoconf gjs gir1.2-ibus-1.0

Now install the following code to download, compile and install the ibus-avro

  git clone git://github.com/sarim/ibus-avro.git
  cd ibus-avro
  aclocal && autoconf && automake --add-missing
  ./configure --prefix=/usr
  sudo make install

I have found this instruction from in this link
https://github.com/sarim/ibus-avro/blob/master/README.md

You may notice that I have omitted the package "gir1.2-gjsdbus-1.0" which is told by Sarim in the comment of an issue, you can check it in the following link
https://github.com/sarim/ibus-avro/issues/37

Thanks


Where can I find "System properties settings"?

Go to System/Administration and choose "System Monitor". You will see the "System Properties" by clicking the "System" Tab.

A screenshot is placed here for you to see what I mean. I hope this is what you wish.


How to install driver for TP-Link TL-WN722N(EU)V2 on Ubuntu 17.04 Kylin

for version 2 the driver provided on official website don't work it has chip-set of RTL8188 so install "lwfinger" drivers

step:1 make a temporary directory

$ mkdir tmp

step:2 move to temporary directory

$ cd tmp

step:3 clone driver repository

$ git clone https://github.com/lwfinger/rtl8188eu.git

step:4 change directory of cloned repo !

$ cd rtl8188eu

step:5 make the driver for your system (Note: you should have kernal headers to make, google it !)

$ make all

step:6 after successful make

$ sudo make install

step:7 reboot your system

$ sudo reboot

after rebooting you will see the notification light turning on. have a nice day :)

edit: 10/03/2018

As @BradHein suggested step 7 isn't required , just plug out and plug in the adapter again!


How can one make dead keys globally functional on a gnomeless Ubuntu environment?

Enabling the Portuguese (Brazil) keyboard layout, I can do for instance:

Shift+6 followed by A to type ä

And I can do

dead_tilde (to the right of Ç) followed by A to type ã

or

Shift+dead_tilde followed by A to type â

So the most common use of dead keys seems to work fine with the Portuguese (Brazil) layout.

One observation, though, is that you have defined Right Alt as your compose key. That way you can't use that key to access 3:rd and 4:th level symbols which are built-in in your keyboard layout. You may want to consider to disable the compose key or define some other key as the compose key.


Accessing Windows shares of a passwordless user using Samba

You need to modify your Windows configuration in order to do this. From Stack Overflow:

  Go to Control Panel > Network and sharing center > Change advanced sharing settings > Enable Turn Off password protect sharing option

Once you changed this option everything should work.

Note that this effectively strips any protection you can have against attackers from modifying your shared files. I would recommend to actually set up a password and add to the fstab an automount entry with the password saved.


What's the command to make Caps Lock key back as the Caps Lock key

according to man xkeyboard-config

   Ctrl position

       ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
       │Option                     Description                                                  │
       ├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
       │ctrl:nocaps                Caps Lock as Ctrl

So you can simply use the command setxkbmap -option ctrl:nocaps to make Caps Lock as Ctrl.

To make the Caps Lock to behaviour as Caps Lock just remove the option ctrl:nocaps and run simply setxkbmap -option this means there are no options specified.

In Somecases, you may have more values for setxkbmap -option.. You must be careful to run the command setxkbmap -option i.e with empty options.

So before running with empty options, first check what are the options configured with the command setxkbmap -v 10

Example output:

$ setxkbmap -v 10
Setting verbose level to 10
locale is C
Trying to load rules file ./rules/evdev...
Trying to load rules file /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev...
Success.
Applied rules from evdev:
rules:      evdev
model:      pc105
layout:     us,us
variant:    ,
options:    ctrl:nocaps,lv3:lalt_switch,grp:sclk_toggle
Trying to build keymap using the following components:
keycodes:   evdev+aliases(qwerty)
types:      complete
compat:     complete
symbols:    pc+us+us:2+inet(evdev)+group(sclk_toggle)+level3(lalt_switch)+ctrl(nocaps)
geometry:   pc(pc105)
$

If you observe the line starting with options:
I have 3 options configured.. so to keep the other options as it is and to remove the option ctrl:nocaps I have to run

setxkbmap -option lv3:lalt_switch,grp:sclk_toggle

In your case: since you have edited /etc/default/keyboard file to include XKBOPTIONS, you must remove the option "ctrl:nocaps" from this file also.


CMake can't find source dir when run from bash script in WSL

When trying out other commands i noticed that some the other command arguments had the \r in line endings pointed out by errors.

The issue was that the script had windows line endings, as steeldriver commented in the question.

It was en easy fix with the dos2unix command,
ex:

dos2unix script.sh


The 13.04 installation freezes on 'choose language', what should I do?

I fixed it. After removing GPU (amd 6870)and USB connected items, I found that the problem was an old ATA HDD which was connected to the MB. Also after Installing Ubuntu, connecting that HDD and restart, Ubuntu was freezing again after login.

Thnx for the help


In Ubunutu 12.04 and Centos 5 + 6 it's possible to use the signal name like SIGTERM but on 12.10 one has to use -TERM instead. Changing my code so that the signal names don't have the prefix 'SIG' seem to work well on 12.04 and 12.10. So the example code that works for me is:

Process proc = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("kill -TERM -" + args[0]);

To clarify, kill -SIGTERM -<PID> works in the Bash shell in Ubuntu 12.10 but not if it's executed through Runtime.getRuntime.exec(), one qould have to remove the 'SIG' part as described above.


The short answer is yes, you can do it from an Ubuntu session using Remmina.  I have set one up and it is working fine.  I do have mine hardwired to my network, and my connection opens at the Poor (fastest) quality connection.

In the screenshot below, you can see how I have my MacBook setup for Screen Sharing.

Then in Remmina, I set it to VNC, put in the IP address of my MacBook Pro and clicked Quick Connect.

Then typed in my short username from the Mac and my password, and it is stable and working fine.  The top screenshot is actually from my Remmina session connected to my Mac.

Also make sure to set the color depth to greater than 8bpp in the profile if you create one:

If yours is set this way, and still having problems, you might want to try removing and reinstalling Remmina.

Hope this helps!


Can I write keyboard shortcut in bash script?

It depends on what you want to do.  Since you've used ^Z as an example, I assume you're trying to start some command and have it run in the background.  Try adding an & at the end of the command instead:

sleep 5 && echo Hello &

That will set the command to run in the background as a sub-shell and will let your script continue - in this case, it would wait 5 seconds then print the word "Hello".  When typed manually in a terminal, it will display the process ID.

Most other terminal keyboard shortcuts should have script equivalents, but some may not. Add them to your question if you want to use other shortcuts as well.


Headphones are playing a local radio station

OK, I'm an amateur RF engineer, so I know roughly what's happening.

Either your sound card or the headphones themselves are picking up the RF energy from a local AM or shortwave radio station. The wave is being rectified in the headphones and the audio is reproduced.

This can be solved by using shielded cables, and by buying RFI eliminating snap on chokes from your local RadioShack or other hobby electronics stores.  Amazon also has RFI chokes available.


ClamAV and its GUI front end ClamTK works for me on Ubuntu 18.04

Link here.

You can download ClamTK from the Ubuntu Software Center.


try echoing a lower value to /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon0/device/pwm2 your fan will also have to be plugged into a fan header that supports variable speed. i believe the max is 255 so try something like echo > 176 /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon0/device/pwm2 you will need to be root


How to fix TPM2 ACPI table does not define a memory resource

I encountered a similar error on Surface Pro 3. I have Ubuntu and Grub installed in a USB dongle, so when I need to boot into Ubuntu, I just plug the USB in.
If I plug the USB in while the system is turned off and then I boot up the system, I get your mentioned error and I get an emergency command prompt. But I found a method which works well for me:
Work Around

Boot the system up in Windows (without the Ubuntu dongle)

Plug in the dongle

Restart the system


How to inhibit keyboard backlight timeout?

You can change keyboard backlight settings in kbd_backlight/stop_timeout file (on a Dell machine the folder may instead be named dell::kbd_backlight).
To find location of keyboard backlight configuration file according to your keyboard, you can execute following command in terminal.
sudo find /sys/devices/ -name "*kbd_backlight"

You can configure timeout in seconds.
sudo nano <full path of kbd_backlight dir>/stop_timeout

Enter value in seconds, save file and exit.


Laptop gets unexpected hard resets when using apt-get

What you see in that photograph is not a system reset (or reboot), it is just the output of the command update-grub.

When installing or removing packages, sometimes additional actions are required to properly setup or clean up the environment.

The process of installation and removal for kernel packages always runs update-grub to generate a new GRUB configuration file. You can run it manually, it's harmless:

sudo update-grub

  I am not able to install any software or update my packages anymore

There's not enough information to say anything about that. Maybe it's related to what we can see in the first line of the photograph: "1 not fully installed or removed". You have to provide more information (the command you ran and its full output).


I do not have permission to install new software

Install policykit-1-gnome

sudo apt install policykit-1-gnome

Open Terminal and launch gnome-software with sudo

sudo gnome-software

If this works for you, you can grant ownership of gnome-software run it without having to sudo it.(replace  with your own username)

sudo chown <user>:<user> /usr/bin/gnome-software

Now you can use it without any issue.

This works for me in 18.04


How to make xfce (xubuntu-desktop) have no brightness-levels?

Have you tried adjusting the LCD brightness using the LCD Brightness plugin in the xfce4-Panel. The LCD Brightness plugin is included in xfce-power-manager.

Or you can look into using xbacklight.


How to make a directory with permanent permissions different from default

You could try to use POSIX ACL (access control lists), that allow to set ad hoc permissions for additional users and groups (other than owner user and owner group), and furthermore allow to set default permissions for new object created in a directory.

To this end you could use at least two alternatives:

the package acl for command line tools (getfacl, setfacl, chacl),
the package eiciel that provide both a GUI interface

and the possibility to change ACL directly from Nautilus (right click on an object, then Properties, then Access Control List tab).

Is also provide some brief but meaningful help pages.


Your problem is that you're attempting to mix BIOS-style and EFI-style booting. Windows 7 is installed in EFI mode, as indicated by the use of a GUID Partition Table (GPT) with an EFI System Partition (ESP) as /dev/sda1 that contains Windows EFI boot files such as EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi. Your Ubuntu installation is in BIOS mode, though, as indicated by the presence of GRUB code in the MBR, the presence of a BIOS Boot Partition (/dev/sda5), the lack of any Ubuntu EFI boot loaders in the ESP, and the fact that you attempted to install the i386 version.

The cleanest solution is to wipe your current Ubuntu installation, download an AMD64 version, and install it in EFI mode. Unfortunately, the Ubuntu installer doesn't make it clear that you're running in EFI mode vs. BIOS mode. To make that determination, you should open a shell and look for the directory /sys/firmware/efi. If it's present, you've booted in EFI mode; if it's absent, you've probably booted in BIOS mode. If you boot an AMD64 installer and find that this directory is absent, try again, but use whatever tool your computer offers to select the boot device, and be sure to select the one for your CD or USB flash drive that includes "EFI" or "UEFI" as part of its description.

Another solution is to install my rEFInd boot manager in Windows. Edit the refind.conf file so that the scanfor line is uncommented and includes the hdbios item. rEFInd should then give you boot options for Windows and for a generic BIOS option. The latter should launch GRUB, which in turn will take you to Linux. Using two boot managers complicates the startup process, so it's better to install a 64-bit version of Ubuntu unless you've got a compelling reason to use a 32-bit version. (Such compelling reasons to go 32-bit are rare these days.)

Yet another solution is to use your computer's own boot manager, which you typically access by pressing F2, F8, or some other function key during startup. You should have options to boot Windows in EFI mode or to boot from your hard disk in BIOS/legacy mode. (The exact names used vary from one installation to another.) This is likely to be the most awkward solution in the long run, but you might consider it acceptable, especially if your firmware has a better-than-average boot manager.


Grub has two time the same kernels in menu

Finally I found the reason why. Sometime ago I made some changes to the file /etc/grubd.d/10_linux .  For security reasons I made a copy of this file (.bak).   This file was still executable.  It has never caused problems till the last update of the system.  The only thing I had to do was a chmod so this file  (.bak) so he was no longer executable.  By doing sudo update-grub all the files that are present in the /etc/grub.d and are executable are taken in the grub.cfg  file, what caused the problem.


How to change display resolution and scaling using the command line

This is an X Server solution and may not work with Wayland.

You can use randr for that, just determine the output name and available modes with xrandr and use the --mode and --scale options to change the settings. Provided this mode already exists, this would change the output DP2 to 3840x2160 with 200% scaling:

xrandr --output DP2 --mode 3840x2160 --scale 2x2

This changes to 1024x768 with 100% scaling:

xrandr --output DP2 --mode 1024x768 --scale 1x1

Further reading:

man xrandr
How do I change the screen resolution using Ubuntu command line?

To automate this I’d use xdotool, e.g. to call xrandr as soon an xterm window gets focus:

xdotool search --class xterm behave %@ focus exec xrandr


Measure every single command within a bash file?

You can use /usr/bin/time with the option -f like the following example. Preceed each command in your shellscript with /usr/bin/time -f "%E %C"

$ /usr/bin/time -f "%E %C" sleep 2.34
0:02.34 sleep 2.34

See man time for more details.

Example:

I made a small script, that can work to modify a simple shellscript by identifying commands, that can be tested with /usr/bin/time. Let us use the name time2script.

#!/bin/bash

string='/usr/bin/time -f "%E %C"'

while IFS= read -r line
do
 cmd=$(<<< "$line" sed -e 's/ *//'|cut -d ' ' -f1)
 command=$(which "$cmd")
 if [ "$command" != "" ]
 then
  printf '%s %s\n' "$string" "$line"
 else
  printf '%s\n' "$line"
 fi
done < "$1"

Using time2script on the example in the edited question:

$ ./time2script socrates1
#!/bin/bash

/usr/bin/time -f "%E %C" mv /path/to/file /other/path/
cd /other/path/
/usr/bin/time -f "%E %C" tar -xzf /other/path/file

Redirect to create a modified shellscript,

./time2script socrates1 > socrates1-timing


FPS in games has dropped dramatically in the past few weeks

I solved this by buying a new laptop charger. My old one was faulty and wasn't working properly. Not sure exactly why this was happening due to that but it is fixed now.


How to save terminal output to a file every 1 s?

I found a good solution:

stdbuf -oL sudo tcpdump &> output.txt

:)


With grep and Perl-compatible regexes (PCRE):

grep -Po 'opt3=\s*\K\d+'

The -o option makes grep only print matching text
\K in PCRE indicates that the match actually starts from here: the preceding expression should be tested for, but not included in the matching text
opt3=\s* is opt3 followed by spaces, which is not included in the matching text, hence only the number after is printed.


You agreed to install the restricted extras, so it's now installing Microsoft's core fonts and you have to accept the EULA to proceed.

Have you tried using the TAB key to focus the "Ok" button?


/bin/sh was bash for years on Ubuntu, and FWIW it is ksh93 on newer versions of Solaris, so most things should work. If anything, POSIX modes on advanced shells like ksh are more liberal than dash, so some new features are still available:

~ for shell in dash bash ksh zsh; do ARGV0=sh POSIXLY_CORRECT=1 $shell -c 'echo -n $0 {a,b,c}; [[ -z $POSIXL_CORRECT ]] && echo typo'; done
sh {a,b,c}sh: 1: [[: not found
sh a b ctypo
-n sh a b c
typo
sh {a,b,c}typo
$ for shell in dash bash ksh zsh; do ARGV0=sh $shell -c 'echo -n $0 {a,b,c}; [[ -z $POSIXL_CORRECT ]] && echo typo'; done
sh {a,b,c}sh: 1: [[: not found
sh a b ctypo
sh a b ctypo
sh {a,b,c}typo

I don't think any script from a package in Ubuntu relies on dash's lack of brace expansion. A quick scan of scripts in my /usr/bin doesn't show anything like that. There are other modern features available on POSIX-modes of ksh and bash, so it's difficult to predict without actually running the scripts with those shells.

I don't see any benefit to making /bin/sh be ksh, though.


This question is answered on https://serverfault.com/questions/6709/sshfs-mount-that-survives-disconnect/639735. I am duplicating it here.

sshfs -o reconnect,ServerAliveInterval=15,ServerAliveCountMax=3 server:/path/to/mount

As explained at the Server Fault link, the ServerAliveInterval=15 option asked sshfs to check if the server is alive every 15 seconds. ServerAliveCountMax=3 allows the server to not respond for up to three alive checks. The result is that if the server is unavailable for 1 minute, sshfs will reconnect to the server.


When I used sudo to run R, root became the owner of my R files. So I used this:

sudo chown Myname /home/Myname/ -R

and it worked without sudo.


Can i access a windows share directly from linux server and Copy files

So, your Linux server has a windows share mounted on a local directory, but apparently you cannot write to it. I suppose that this share has been setup as guest access, hence the read only status. Please refer to the ubuntu documentation on mounting windows share as a starting point to fix this configuration issue.

As a work around for the time being, I suggest using the smbclient from the command line or a shell script to perform your backups. This command can help you find out the path of the windows share if necessary:

$ smbclient -L <hostname>

but as I suggested in the comments, it might be simpler to just look it up from a FS browser (Gnome, KDE, or even a windows shell). This program acts more or less like a ftp client on top of the SMB/CIFS protocols, but it requires precise parameters, so you will have to investigate.
For instance, if your windows server belongs to an active directory domain, you will have to pass the -k parameter to smbclient to let it know. You will also have to pass username and password along on the command line. There are many other parameters discussed on the man page, which could be important depending on your situation (eg. Do you need to encrypt the connection?).

In interactive mode, as mentioned earlier, this program works like a ftp client, so if you are familiar with ftp commands, you should feel at home with this tool. It is also possible to pass a sequence of ftp instructions on the command line, which is probably what you'll want to use to automate the backups until the share mount is fixed.

Finally, I also mentioned the system php function which comes handy when needing to invoke a shell command from a php script. Again, all this should be used a temporary solution until the share is fixed: you will have to write your credentials somewhere in the scripts or in a file configuration file accessible from smbclient, which is a bad practice. If possible, you should try to make manual backups, where your credentials would be provided interactively.


The reason you only get "Install inside Windows" and then it reboots is this: Why don't I have the option ''Install Ubuntu alongside with them''

What you can do about it is this: My disk already has 4 primary partitions, how can I install Ubuntu?

Why Wubi is freezing on expanding the image? I don't know, but if you want Wubi then you will have to provide the output of the Wubi log from the %temp% directory i.e. wubi-12.04.2-rev272.log. Also I recommend running chkdsk /f first and possibly defragmenting. If it worked before and stopped working then there could be some NTFS filesystem corruptiong that is causing problems.

After reviewing your log file, the only thing I can guess is that it's tripping over the space in your Windows user name. I've already seen cases where an apostrophe causes issues, but there's no diagnostic output in your case that shows why it is failing. I will take a look at the code to see.

You can do one of two things:

Run it under a different windows account where the user name doesn't have a space
Run Wubi with the 12.04.2 desktop ISO. This doesn't use the diskimage and doesn't need to expand anything so likely won't be affected. Note that to do this, you'll have to save the 12.04.2 desktop ISO in the same folder as Wubi, but you need to use a patched wubi (see Is there wubi.exe that can support ubuntu-12.04.2-desktop-amd64?

Either way, remember to use nomodeset to boot.


installing Lubunto/linux on laptop wireless not working-- broadcom 802.11n?

I believe your device is BCM43227 "14e4:4358"

Open a terminal and execute the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install broadcom-sta-*
sudo modprobe -r b44 b43 b43legacy ssb brcmsmac
sudo modprobe wl
echo 'wl' | sudo tee -a /etc/modules

See here: help.ubuntu.com/community/BroadcomSTA(Wireless)

More info from Debian here about building the DKMS module


Teach me if I'm wrong but can't you archive this by running the script in a "screen" with certain name so later you can attach to this "screen" from a bash, too?

screen -S <screenname> apt-dist-upgrade

see https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Screen/


How to run 'apt-get install' to install all dependencies?

sudo apt-get install -f

This would install any dependencies that your previous installs missed.
I just corrected my teamviewer and VNC installs.


Juju-core upgraded, how to connect to runing environment?

The reason was, that when ive started to mess with the update, i switched to root user. And then, still as root, i did the $juju status and other commands..

Once im back at my user, it works fine.

uf. A massive rock felt from my heart.

It might be useful for somebody else in future.


Did you install it on the same partiton? If so, and without wubi, you lost windows... If you didn't go to terminal (windows key, type "terminal") and type in "sudo update-grub" then type in your password. This would add windows to the list you'll see when you power up. Select from the list "windows (loader)" if it exsist.


Robomongo not switching keyboard layouts without reload on Ubuntu

This is a known (and still open) bug with Robomongo, likely related to similar Qt bugs.  You can track the issue here:

https://github.com/paralect/robomongo/issues/469

For now, as you have noted, a restart is necessary for it to pick up the changes.


What does the takeover of Nokia mean for the Ubuntu SDK?

Microsoft appears not to own the business assets (such as copyrights) associated with Qt, because Nokia sold them (i.e., "sold Qt") to Digia before its merger with Microsoft.

See also the Wikipedia articles on Qt and Digia, and the references therein.

Therefore, the takeover should have no impact at all on the Ubuntu SDK.

Furthermore, even if Microsoft did have any Qt copyrights or other assets--which does not appear to be the case--all released Qt code would still be licensed under the LGPL, and the rights conferred by the LGPL are not revocable by the copyright holder. So we could still use it, though it's possible they might choose a different license for future versions. Again, even this is probably not a concern as Microsoft doesn't own those copyrights.


WiFi Problem for Atheros Based Card in Toshiba

Check to see if the wireless hardware switch is turned off( assuming it has one) and turn it on. It’s usually located near the wireless indicator light.


How to boot load the kernel using EFI stub (efistub) loader?

The commands below are more generic then for kernel version 3.13.0-35 only.

1. Mount the efi partition and copy the kernel files there

  $ mount /dev/sda3 /boot/efi

  $ mkdir -pv /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/

$ cp -uv /boot/vmlinuz-* /boot/initrd.img-* /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/
'/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-35-generic' -> '/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/vmlinuz-3.13.0-35-generic'
'/boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-35-generic' -> '/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/initrd.img-3.13.0-35-generic'

2. Change the kernel file name

Shorten the kernel file name by removing -generic because there seems to be a 39 character length path limit and Rename kernel file(s) to end in .efi, this ensures compatibility with most systems

$ for f in /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/vmlinuz-*-generic; do mv -uv -- "$f" "${f//-generic/}.efi"; done
'/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/vmlinuz-3.13.0-35-generic' -> '/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/vmlinuz-3.13.0-35-generic.efi'`

The above name kernel file name shortening is not enough for a dpkg installed mainline kernel, because for example /EFI/ubuntu/vmlinuz-3.16.0-031600rc6.efi without -generic is still 40 characters long.

3. Add new entry to EFI boot menu

Replace 3.13.0-35 in this example with your specific kernel version

  $ kv=3.13.0-35;efibootmgr -c -p 3 -L $kv -l \EFI\ubuntu\vmlinuz-$kv.efi -u root=/dev/sda1 initrd=\\EFI\\ubuntu\\initrd.img-$kv-generic ro rootfstype=ext4 debug ignore_loglevel libata.force=dump_id crashkernel=384M-:128M

This new boot menu entry will become your default new boot choice.

You might not need the extra debugging parameters debug, ignore_loglevel, libata.force=dump_id and crashkernel=384M-:128M. Initrd must be present, otherwise boot hangs at "Switched to clocksource tsc." because the root device sda1 cannot be opened.


Ubuntu 14.04 (Gnome): Laptop Display Blank After Undocking

Maybe this helps: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1308674.
The bug seems to only be fixed in Kernel 3.14.


Bionic 18.04 - What packages to use for 'slv2-jack' 'slv2-jack' 'slv2-jack'

The SLV2 JACK packages are not available in bionic (18.04 LTS) repository, but you can install them from xenial (16.04 LTS) repository manually:

cd ~/Downloads

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/slv2/libslv2-9_0.6.6+dfsg1-3build1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install ./libslv2-9_0.6.6+dfsg1-3build1_amd64.deb

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/slv2/slv2-jack_0.6.6+dfsg1-3build1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install ./slv2-jack_0.6.6+dfsg1-3build1_amd64.deb

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/slv2/libslv2-dev_0.6.6+dfsg1-3build1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install ./libslv2-dev_0.6.6+dfsg1-3build1_amd64.deb

The libjpeg62-turbo is available from Debian Stretch repository:

cd ~/Downloads
wget http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libj/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg62-turbo_1.5.1-2_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install ./libjpeg62-turbo_1.5.1-2_amd64.deb

Note: usually this method is not recommended, but in this particular case it is allowed.


I had the same error and fixed it by navigating to "Projects" on the left navigation bar. I had to "Add Kit" and select "Desktop." If you already have Desktop, select it and then run your project.


Synaptics touchpad stops working randomly after suspend in MSI GS65

I have found a possible solution, but unsure if it solves the problem completely:
sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

and add:
blacklist i2c_hid

then run:
sudo depmod -a
sudo update-initramfs -u

NOTE: I am NOT using TLP (to save battery) and I have read cases where TLP may conflict with some devices when waking up after suspend.


Merging unallocated disk space with ext4 (ubuntu installed)

sudo resize2fs [partition] solves my problem


What version of Ubuntu are you using?

If it is 14.04 or 16.04, someone wrote a Gnome script called Happy Desktop that allows you to define the grid size that controls how your desktop icons are spaced. I found out about it in a similar question on this forum.


Yes I believe so. So far it has been as simple as

sudo aptitude search unity #Remove all packages
sudo aptitude search netbook #This was done for netbook editions
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

There is no reason that a similar process for unity desktop won't carry over.


Unity-greeter not using personal wallpaper in Bionic

I had the same problem, and ultimately found the answer here:-
 Unity greeter background not changing for users automatically after upgrade
This was actually an old post for 12.04 and I used dconf-editor to make the changes,rather than gsettings set, but the gist of it is:-
com.canonical.unity-greeter draw-user-backgrounds should be set to true (which it was on my setup)
gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.background active should be set to true (it was set to false on my setup)
Please note that I had to do this for all of the users on the PC. Does anyone know if it is possible to set this for all users as a default?
Anyway, hope this helps :-)
Mick


Export chrooted logs from a pbuilder-dist build

Found a way to solve this, so I'll answer my own question.

The solution was to use a hook script to pbuilder. The linked article describe it well, but for the sake of completeness, I'll redo the steps here:

First create a directory for you hook scripts:

sudo mkdir /var/cache/pbuilder/hook.d

Then add this directory to pbuilder's configuration:

echo HOOKDIR=\"/var/cache/pbuilder/hook.d\" >> ~/.pbuilderrc

Create a hook script called C10shell with the following contents:

#!/bin/sh
# invoke shell if build fails.

apt-get install -y --force-yes vim less bash
cd /tmp/buildd/*/debian/..
/bin/bash < /dev/tty > /dev/tty 2> /dev/tty

Save it to your HOOKDIR, and make it executeable

sudo chmod a+x /var/cache/pbuilder/hook.d/C10shell

Now, if the build fails, you will be presented with a root shell within the chrooted environment of pbuilder.


Fix external screen resolution Xubuntu 18.04

The problem was the VGA cable, I thought it should make two displays but instead, it was doubling the display, so that might be the issue.


segmentation fault on 14.04, but did not fail on 10.04

What actually happened in detail is hard to tell, but I'll give an example of the kind of problem.
What is important is that the program worked on 10.04, but fails on 14.0.
The exact problem could be different, but similar and related:
Something is against the rules
The error "segmentation fault" usually means some memory was accessed that does not belong to the program. It can be that on both 10.04 and 14.04, there was such an illegal access to memory, but it did not cause any problem on 10.04.
Rules are not strictly enforced
That would mean it worked just by chance in 10.04; That is quite possible, because for many reasons, memory nearby the "official" memory of your program may also belong to your program technically.
That is to make thinks easier for the compiler, or make the program faster by more regular memory access.
By this, the program may be allowed to do things that it is not allowed to do based on the program text.
Tolerance can change
Which "inofficial" memory you can access without a segmentation fault depends on the compiler version, and library versions, which both have changed.
The simplest, and most common case should be that there is a bug in the program where a memory access went to far, like accessing the byte after an array by an of-by-one error in the index.
Summary
The bug existed before, but it worked anyway.
Now, it does not work, and it's just a normal bug that causes a segmentation fault.
For a positive aspect: when it worked, with the bug, it may have created wrong results - which is much worse than the crash you see now.

Enforce the rules
A good approach to debug this kind of problem is to instrument the program to enforce the rules that are not enforced by the normal runtime system.
One tool to do this when looking for problem with memory access is valgrind (man valgrind).


Issue: Time is not in sync between Ubuntu and Windows 8

It's because Ubuntu uses "UTC" Rather than "Local time" by default, this can be fixed by opening a terminal and running sudo nano /etc/default/rcS and changing UTC=yes to UTC=no


Synaptic says Samba installed, can't launch it

In easy simple words:

when you run samba in terminal then you  are calling the file serve window and if you are not installing before then you'll not find.

The packages you find in synaptic are part of these collections which are related to file sharing service that is founded by default in your system.

To be sure try to search for samba4 in synaptic which is the latest version of samba and you'll find that it's not installed.

Also notice that when you call samba in terminal thus you are running a command related to samba4. The other installed packages have different commands.


Ubuntu Compatibility on the Lenovo B580 laptop

well im using lenovo B460 more than 2 years .. and still working like new for performance .. best booting until now .


How does one build android kernel from sources on Ubuntu 13.04

After having spent an entire day setting up the environment and building Android from its sources; I want to share the useful information that I found floating around.

My system is an Asus S56C (i7-3537U) with 4GB RAM. I downloaded the master branch, which at this time is android-4.0.1_r1

The first thing to do, is to set up the environment. This is clearly explained in source.android.com. There are three things to pay attention to:

While source.android.com gives the option of using make 3.81 - 3.82, the build will fail if you don't have 3.81 set. Therefore, this is the one you should use.
I initially installed openjdk-6-jre, however this was the wrong version of the jre. Following this link, I installed oracle-java6-installer instead
There is a typo on the section about configuring the ccache. It should read prebuilt/misc/linux-x86/ccache/ccache -M 50G

The following is a list of links form which I derived the changes to the source/make files that'll follow.

[GUIDE] Building CyanogenMod 9 from Source with openSuSE 12.1.
Fix for Dalvik compile error on CyanogenMod 9
Debian Bug report logs
lenario bug report
Building Android 4.0.4 (Master branch) on Arch Linux 64-bit

As a result, the following changes were made:

On line 31 of frameworks/base/tools/aapt/Android.mk, add -fpermissive

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wno-format-y2k -fpermissive

On line 64 of frameworks/base/libs/utils/Android.mk, add -fpermissive

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DLIBUTILS_NATIVE=1 $(TOOL_CFLAGS) -fpermissive

On line 183 of frameworks/base/libs/rs/Android.mk, add -fpermissive

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Werror -Wall -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-variable -fpermissive

On line 22 of frameworks/compile/slang/Android.mk, remove -Werror

local_cflags_for_slang := -Wno-sign-promo -Wall -Wno-unused-parameter

On line 125 of frameworks/compile/linkloader/Android.mk, replace LOCAL_LDFLAGS with LOCAL_LDLIBS

LOCAL_LDLIBS := \
  -lpthread \
  -ldl

On line 94 of external/oprofile/libpp/format_output.h, remove the specifier mutable
on line 41 of external/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h, after #include <vector>, add #include <stddef.h>
On lines 52 and 71 of external/gtest/src/Android.mk, add -fpermissive

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -O0 -fpermissive
LOCAL_CFLAGS += -O0 -fpermissive

On line 25 of development/tools/emulator/opengl/Android.mk, add -fpermissive

EMUGL_COMMON_CFLAGS := -DWITH_GLES2 -fpermissive

After line 7 of development/tools/emulator/opengl/host/renderer/Android.mk, add new line

LOCAL_LDLIBS += -lX11

I hope that this makes your life easier when building Android.


Can't get back into Windows 8 from Ubuntu 13.10

Read the following link which will tell you how to restore the Windows 8 mbr (master boot record) to fix your installation and allow you to boot back into Windows:

http://www.redmondpie.com/how-to-fix-windows-8-mbr-master-boot-record/


You are going to have to install the proprietary driver for the graphics card.

To install it, open the Dash Menu on Ubuntu and type: Additional

Then you will see a program called "Additional Drivers".

Click on it, and a window will pop-up with any available drivers. If your graphics card is compatible with Ubuntu you will find it in the list of drivers in the program similar to this:

Then you select the driver you want to install, (the program might prompt you to type in your administrative password), the program will install the driver, then you will be prompted to reboot the system in order for the driver to start working.

That's it! Just reboot and your graphics card will start working like a charm with it's proprietary driver.

Enjoy!


Ubuntu 12.04 installed but won't boot, no other OS

There is fix to this problem given on this site.You will need wired internet and a bootable device to fix it though.


After many different tries, adding acpi_osi= to the kernel command-line in GRUB fixed my problem. For future reference:

To give this a one-shot try

Hold SHIFT during boot (this lands you in the GRUB menu if its skipped by default)
Put the cursor over the Mint entry (usually the first) and press e to edit it
Addacpi_osi to the options in the line that begins with "linux" (usually after quiet nosplash)

If this works, you'll want to avoid having to make this change manually every time you boot.

To set this permanently

Edit the file /etc/default/grub (with sudo), and add acpi_osi= to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi="

Run grub-update as root

Hope it helps someone


dnsmasq's long manpage lists some options to quieten some routine operations:

   --quiet-dhcp, --quiet-dhcp6, --quiet-ra
          Suppress  logging  of  the  routine operation of these protocols.
          Errors and problems will still be logged. --quiet-dhcp and quiet-
          dhcp6 are over-ridden by --log-dhcp.


Black screen / LightDM not starting after nvidia driver update

The issue was actually that the new kernel version (which was updated at the same time as the driver) was for some reason not used in the grub entry. After making my boot entry use the latest kernel version, everything seems to work fine.


Installation Error on MAAS configuration

It sounds as if you're running into this while installing the server, and you're hitting some kind of problem that's not really related to MAAS itself.  I've seen machines that had trouble setting up Grub, although that was a long time ago.

You may want to see if a regular install does work.  If a regular install fails, then you know it's not really a MAAS-related problem and there will be more sources of help for the problem.


How do you make links clickable in Tilda terminals in Ubuntu 20.04?

This was a bug and has been solved now by an update of Tilda in the official Ubuntu 20.04 sources. A normal system update with apt solved it for me.


Create bootable backup of my existing ubuntu installation

Good night

From what I realized the tool you are looking for is something you can use to save the current state of your computer and if it corrupts you can reverse those actions. Take a look at the timeshift and see if that's what you want.

If your looking for a tool instead to make a snapshot of your user files, I suggest Back In Time or TimeVault


I had this problem just now. Apparently it looks like a problem with a hard disk partition. I solved it like this:

When you get initram, type exit.
It gives you an menu with options. Select fsck.
Let it scan the hard drive. When its done hit the return key and it will immediately take you to login screen.

I noticed that the /home was not mounted when I checked in the initramfs. This should be because of  your hard drive. Everything was fine when I did a normal shutdown of my system a month ago. This just happend when I started it today.

Anyways my system is up now. :-)


How to split RAID 1 disk created under Windows Server

Short answer : It works well with ldmtool, but I don't know if it will work "all-time", as always make backup and think twice before doing something like that.

In my particular case it appears that it was a RAID0 and not a RAID1 so, in this case, just don't do it (might seems pretty obvious)


The grub menu should be asking you if you want to install Ubuntu alongside Windows or on top of it. To dual boot you need to choose the option of installing along side.


Uninstalling won't make a difference. You need to purge the software-center. Run the following commands and please post any errors:

sudo apt-get purge software-center software-center-aptdaemon-plugins

Then, reinstall it:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install software-center software-center-aptdaemon-plugins

EDIT

It looks like it could be hardware related as the only thing out of the ordinary here is the bus error. You could try running the following command:

sudo rm /var/cache/apt/*.bin

source


I had the same problem when using the terminal. Just restarting the terminal fixed it for me.


How to enable new lock screen on gnome 3.6?

( please only try the following steps if you know how to use the terminal! )

First I would have to know if even your login-screen is old as well?

If so, maybe this will help you.

you still see the old lock/login-screen because you are still using the Ubuntu default
display manager lightdm, I guess..

To get the new L&F you have to set gdm as default-manager.
( be sure that gdm 3.6 is installed on your machine! )

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm

Now, you have to stop lightdm but this will shut down your display-manager and you will only see a terminal but that's fine.

sudo service lightdm stop

Right after lightdm has stopped, login in the prompting shell and execute following

sudo service gdm start

That's it!


HowTo resize partitions in ubuntu 15.10?

You can use gparted and install it via terminal(Ctrl+Alt+T)

sudo apt-get install gparted

Via using this you can resize partitions as per your needs.

Here is a youtube video for this


Is there a program that can edit PDF black/white levels?

Curves in gimp may also do the trick for you, as shown in the next example. But if you are looking for an automated batch correction tool I can suggest other than saving the curves/levels Preset (using the "+" button beside the "Presets" combo box) and you will be able to quickly apply the same curves/levels to all your images.

Screenshots provided for your convenience:

Gimp in action with curves doing the correction.

The Curves applied to the final image.

The image after the curves process.

Note: In this example, the curves are set to an aggressive condition which makes the images look darker, that's why there are yet lots of undesired details on the image, different than the results that @falstaff provided on his example. You can adjust it in order to get the same results but I wanted to provide a different example. Thank you for your comprehension.

Good luck!

P.S. If you are not affraid about terminals, you can take a look at GIMP BATCH MODE on which you can get a useful tool for batch processing your images. Additionally there are those Photolab Plugins which aims to do the batch processing and other tricks via GUI. This "Clear paper to "white" for a scanned pictures" may be of your interest inside of the Photolab Plugins.


In your bios boot option can you choose between uefi boot and legacy boot?

If so try legacy boot and give the install usb stick a try


just clean the tomcat6 referred lines in /etc/init.d/tomcat could solve your question.

after clean  the file may like that:

TOMCATPATH=/usr/share/apache-tomcat-7.0.27

case $1 in

start)
 echo “starting tomcat7 from $TOMCATPATH”
 sh $TOMCATPATH/bin/startup.sh
;;

stop)
 echo “stopping tomcat7 from $TOMCATPATH”
 sh $TOMCATPATH/bin/shutdown.sh
;;

restart)
 $0 stop
 $0 start
;;

*)
 echo $”usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}”
;;
esac

exsit 0

suggestion to uninstall a software:

sudo apt-get purge xxxx-software

purge will also removes config files.


Ubuntu, depending when/how you installed it, uses relatime or noatime mount options by default - this means that tracking of access times is basically disabled.

You can change it by removing that option from /etc/fstab and rebooting. Or, for instance

sudo mount -o remount,atime /home

on the relevant filesystem.


How to completely remove the side dock appearing in activities overview on Ubuntu 20.04.1?

You can use the Hide Dash X GNOME Shell extension which does exactly what you want.
Refer to the How do I install and manage GNOME Shell extensions? question if you don't know how to install GNOME Shell extensions.
The reason why the dock was still there, even though you had disabled it, is that it is a different dock. The one you disabled is Ubuntu dock, which is a Dash to dock fork,  while the other is the GNOME Shell dock. When the Ubuntu dock is enabled it replaces the GNOME Shell dock, providing a dock both on the desktop and in the dash (the GNOME Shell dock is shown only in the dash by default). The Hide dash X extension hides the GNOME Shell dock.


How to boot Windows 8 after installing Ubuntu 12.10?

If you have repair disk of windows you can insert, boot and select startup repair.

and if you have windows installation disk, insert and boot it and then repair the windows.

Someone told that this can help.


Following has helped me:
echo "options snd-hda-intel model=generic" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

and reboot after that.
The cause is said to be kernel regression.
source


Ubuntu operated from raspberry PI, is it possible?

To my knowledge, this isn't possible. The Raspberry is ARMv6-based, Ubuntu only supports ARMv7 and above. I've recently seen Ubuntu on a LemonBoard (Cortex A9), but for the Raspberry PI, Debian Wheezy is the obvious choice (at least for me - others might prefer Arch).


I have 21000 .jpg in single folder. How can I view them?

You can use a tool to make a movie alias video-clip from the pictures, for example openshot. It can be installed from the Ubuntu repositories.

sudo apt-get install openshot


Change text color for OpenWeather Gnome Extension

Give a solution that explains why this happened and how to resolve it?
Feel free to comment for more details.

The colors are configured by the stylesheet.css file from the extensions directory.
$HOME/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/openweather-extension@jenslody.de/stylesheet.css

the configuration is done by the extensions author.
If you wish to change the colors.. you need to dig the said stylesheet.css file.
as an Example.. I have edited some of the contents of the said stylesheet.css file.

Reference for Red and Green Colors:
Red & Green Colors.. Observe below content, I have separated forecast icon and current icon and gave red color.. remaining part added green color.
.openweather-current-summarybox,

.openweather-current-databox-captions,
.openweather-current-databox-values,

.openweather-forecast-summary,
.openweather-forecast-temperature{
color: green;
border-radius: 0px;
padding: 0px;
border: 0px;
}

.openweather-forecast-icon,
.openweather-current-icon {
color: red;
}

reference for Blue Color:
.openweather-forecast-day {
color: blue;
font-size: 90%;
spacing: 0;
}

reference for Magenta Color:
.openweather-current-databox-captions {
color: magenta;
text-align: right;
padding-right: 5px;
spacing: 0;
}

in the similar way you can configure any color from the stylesheet.css file.
When ever extension gets updated by author you may need to relook and do the necessary changes in the stylesheet.css file..


Is there a way to edit the Windows registry from Ubuntu?

I believe that's what you're looking for, "Offline NT Password & Registry Editor"(chntpw)

What is chntpw?

chntpw is a software utility for resetting or blanking local passwords used by Windows NT, 2000, XP, Vista, 7, and 8.1. It also contains a simple registry editor and hex-editor with which the information contained in a registry file can be browsed and modified under linux/unix.

How to install?

You can install it from terminal by running this command:

sudo apt-get install chntpw

Or search for "chntpw" in Software Center.

Additional sources:

Using chntpw in Ubuntu to Hack the Windows Registry

Change or Reset Windows Password from a Ubuntu Live CD


Looks like just changing the file version to the current stable version would allow you to follow the other questions answer, see MaryTTS download page. Essentially; download the updated Web Installer Package, change directory cd /home/<username>/Downloads/marytts-installer-5.2, run the web installer package ./marytts

If You run into problems try running ./marytts with either --info or --debug. To get either info or debug level logs. For additional information see the README.md in the install package.


What steps are needed to start angular.js in ubuntu?

In step 4 you should observe "mytodo" directory. Compare if the same files and directories exist.
To start GUI file manager you can execute command "nautilus" or "xdd-open ." in terminal as you did in step 3 with command "yo".

In the screen shot you see the "Sublime Text" editor with turned on navigation sidebar.


It's not a good idea to try and start patching official Ubuntu software packages yourself. You'll end up with an unsupportable configuration.

Best to check the backports repository, or the proposed repository, for updated packages that may include a fix that you require.

If you have a specific fix or patch suggestion, it's best to submit it, and let them implement/test it, and then submit it upstream.


Why do we need to use the recursive option to remove or copy folders

It is mostly for historical reasons. The following is a slightly modified extract from an excellent article named A Brief History of the 'rm' and 'rmdir' commands.

  A new version of rm, dated January 20, 1973, included these options:

  rm -f: don't ask before removing read-only files
  rm -r: recursively remove subdirectories

  The way the rm -r option was implemented at that time, when rm encountered a directory among the files it was removing, it would cd (then called chdir) to that directory and start another instance of rm -r * to remove its contents.

  A version which did the recursion within a single rm process appeared in the Seventh Edition of Unix in 1979.

More about the history of rm can be found by following the link above.


I found the solution.  This isn't a problem with Ubuntu.  It is a problem with Minecraft.  This happens in Windows also.  The latest launcher appears to be messed up.

The Solution: Provide your own ~/.minecraft folder.  The latest Minecraft launcher doesn't create a complete ~/.minecraft folder.  To fix it, you need to already have downloaded Minecraft before, and just copy the complete ~/.minecraft folder to replace the incomplete one.

Basically, the Minecraft launcher is, for some reason, unable to create a new ~/.minecraft folder (meaning that you have to provide your own).


First, make sure to properly shut down Windows.

Yes, this will work fine. I would suggest disconnecting the 500Gb HD for the Ubuntu installation. Then, after you install Ubuntu power off the computer. Next, connect both drives and select the Ubuntu drive (160Gb) from your boot menu or make the 160Gb drive the first in the order for Bootloader devices. Boot up Ubuntu.

Then, open a terminal and type the following command:

sudo update-grub

when you run this command (hopefully if all goes well), the Grub bootloader should detect Windows. Next time you reboot to the 160Gb drive, you will be given the option to select either Ubuntu or Windows from your Grub menu.


Prevent screen from turning black on server

xset -display :0 s off
xset -display :0 -dpms
xset -display :0 s noblank

I run this on startup (add it to /etc/rc.local) and it works fine. ;)

:0 of course has to be the display you want to keep from turning black.


Netbook Remix goes to low graphics mode after booting up from hibernate

This most likely is a bug. If you want to debug and collect information that could explain why it doesn't work on your laptop, take a look at The Ubuntu wiki page on debugging low power states.


It appears that your root filesystem is already mounted (see the lock icon and 'Mount Point' label), therefore you cannot modify this partition. As you can see in the tree structure, the first 42 GiB is located in the extended partition while the second 100 GiB is located outside the extended partition.

Follow these steps to make a single EXT4 partition:

Boot into a Live USB or CD to ensure that the root partition can be unmounted.
Enlarge the extended partition (/dev/sda1).
Enlarge the root partition (/dev/sda5).
Apply.
Reboot.


Most institutions handle that kind of functionality independent of any particular application, generally at the firewall level.
Check with your network team about implementing policies to a particular IP/Network.


How to pass string variable as parameter to awk

To use bash variables inside your awk, you have to use the -v syntax like this:

pactl list short sinks | awk -v myvar="$usb_soundcard_sink" '$2==myvar {print $1}'
#                               ^^^^^                            ^^^^^
#                                 |________________________________|

Example

$ a=3
$ awk -v myvar="$a" 'BEGIN{print myvar}'
3


upgrade from 11.10 to 12.04 - No upgrade option available in update manager

NOTE: Specific to upgrade of 11.10 to 12.04 (and not from 10.04 LTS)

From: ubuntu.com - UbuntuDesktop - Upgrading  - GUI method

Upgrading from Ubuntu 11.10

To upgrade from Ubuntu 11.10 on a desktop system, start "Update Manager". It should display the following message: "New distribution release '12.04' is available. Click Upgrade and follow the on-screen instructions".

I can confirm this works on my Ubuntu 11.10 desktop.

OR

From: ubuntu.com - UbuntuServer - Upgrading  - command-line method

Upgrade

From 11.10 to 12.04

To upgrade from Ubuntu 11.10 on a server system, follow the steps listed below:

Install the update-manager-core package (if it is not already installed).

Run sudo do-release-upgrade to launch the upgrade tool. Follow the on-screen instructions.
  Note that the server upgrade is now more robust and will utilize GNU screen and automatically re-attach in case of dropped connection problems, for example.

So, type the following commands:

sudo apt-get install update-manager-core

sudo do-release-upgrade

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade


Changing input method (language) works in Unity but not in Mate

Don't know if MATE is supposed to be different in this respect, but on Unity this terminal command can be used to set input method:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources current 0

The number 0 (zero) means that you set the first available input method. Change it to 1 to set the second etc.

Maybe worth a try on your MATE desktop.

Edit:

Installed MATE out of curiosity, and saw that it is different. Added an additional keyboard layout via System -> Preferences -> Hardware -> Keyboard -> Layouts, and encountered the same problem first. However, after having played around for a while, I could successfully switch keyboard layout. So maybe just relogin or reboot...


To uninstall Ubuntu (if you installed it using Wubi), simply go into Programs and Features from Control Panel in Windows 7, look for Ubuntu and uninstall it, just like you would uninstall any program in Windows (see image below). It will not delete the partition, it will only delete the files that it created on that partition.

If this did not work, or for more information about Wubi uninstallation (or general Wubi information), click here


Ubuntu freezes sometimes and USB ports stop working

I started recently to have the same issue, also I'm using ubuntu gnome 16.04. I think it's probably linked to usb/network.
I have created a bug ticket here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1727254

You can add your own description there and indicate that the bug affect you.


Kernel panic after installing dual boot with Windows 10

The issue was eventually solved by re-partitioning the disk without boot partition, which I had made out of habit without. After re-partitioning, the install went through flawlessly and the system booted as expected.


Set Nemo as the default file manager

To prevent Nautilus from handling the desktop icons (and use Nemo instead), gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons false
Set Nemo as the default file manager (replacing Nautilus) xdg-mime default nemo.desktop inode/directory application/x-gnome-saved-search

Tested using Nemo 2.8.7 on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS


To Remove Duplicates from two Ubuntu 11.04 installations

Linux does not refer to Ubuntu. It refers to the kernel, which is a very small, but highly important part of Ubuntu. When you install a new kernel upgrade, the old one is not removed. The reason for this is that the kernel is a critical component, and if something goes wrong with it, you might not be able to boot and fix any problems. Considering the vast amount of different hardware out there, it is not impossible that something might break with a new kernel, and if it does, you will be able to simply choose "previous linux" and boot the Linux that didn't have any problems.

Linux itself doesn't use much diskspace, only a few megabytes, so I wouldn't worry about it.


XFCE Indicator Applet Completely Messed Up

Use the native XFCE "Notification Area" instead
Remove the Indicator Plugin and use the native XFCE Notification Area instead.
Other people and myself have found the Indicator Plugin to be a pain to work with under XFCE.
To make this change definitve, do not forget to unselect Indicator Application under Application Autostart in Session and Startup !!!


Booting the Ubuntu 12.04 LTS installer from USB stick

As the OP graciously noted, unetbootin solved the problem. It was probably a corrupted download; using md5sum -c DOWNLOADED.ISO before creating the LiveUSB is recommended.


In what order does the shell execute commands and stream redirection?

When you run <command> 2>&1 > file.txt stderr is redirected by 2>&1 to where stdout currently goes, your terminal. After that, stdout is redirected to the file by >, but stderr is not redirected with it, so stays as terminal output.

With <command> > file.txt 2>&1 stdout is first redirected to the file by >, then 2>&1 redirects stderr to where stdout is going, which is the file.

It may seem counter intuitive to start with, but when you think of the redirections in this way, and remember that they are processed from left to right it makes much more sense.


You can concatenate the two matching expressions like this:
perl -pe 's/^(?!peach)(?!melon).*\n//g'

or you can use the "or" operator like this:
perl -pe 's/^(?!(peach|melon)).*\n//g'


You will need to create a bootable usb media according to these instructions.


If you have installed 12.04 along side 13.10 remove 12.04 if it is not needed then just clean up your system using BleachBit or any other cleaner (enable deep scan ) it may solve your problem.


gnome top panel doesn't change after using another theme

Open the gnome-tweak-tool and under 'Appearance' tab, you will see 'Shell Theme'. Probably, that's set to 'Default'. Change it and you're done.


I fixed this by uninstalling network manager and using wicd-gtk instead.


If i was to just be a number that incremented with each string, you could try a for loop and increment i with each iteration.

For example:

i=1; for j in 'www.google.com' 'www.yahoo.com'; do echo "$((i++)) $j"; done


I had exactly the same problem and solve it by installing dropbox following these instructions, but substituting nautilus-dropbox by dropbox. That is, I installed dropbox by executing these commands:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 5044912E

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main"

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install dropbox


Virtualbox: host Ubuntu -> guest XP from time to time copy/paste stop to work

There is a quite old, really unsresolved bug about this --- see this comment on the virtualbox issue tracker. There is even a still-open bug here.

I think that the resolution has been not to fix it for XP. A workaround is stopping and restarting VBoxTray.exe in XP. Working partially; more info here on superuser.sx.

What I used to do was using the Task Manager in Windows XP, killing the VBoxTray.exe process, and then start it again (with the "run..." option in the Start menu, typing the program name is usually sufficient). Works again during a time, then stops...


Problem with pdo_sqlsrv and sqlsrv driver for mssql

I had the same issue. It seems that this is because Microsoft's documentation performs the installation of a 17.x version of msodbcsql and the extensions are compatible with 11.x or 13.x versions...

I solved it by forcing the installation of a 13.X version of msodbcsql.

$ apt-get remove msodbsql
$ apt-get install msodbcsql=13.1.9.2-1

I would have preferred to have the extensions working with the last version of msodbcssql but I didn't figure out how for the moment.


Why does WiFi work with WICD but not Network Manager

You must remove network-manager to get wicd to work, or vise-versa. Both the network-manager and wicd can not work together. Please refer this URL: https://wiki.debian.org/WiFi/HowToUse

  You must remove network-manager to get wicd to work. Check to see if
  network-manager is installed and see if, after you installed the
  driver, your wireless is already working in the notification area of
  your desktop manager. You may already be good to go.

  wicd (Wireless Interface Connection Daemon) is a lightweight
  alternative to NetworkManager. It is environment-independent, making
  it suitable for all desktop environments, including GNOME, Xfce, LXDE,
  and Fluxbox. Like NetworkManager, wicd is configured via a graphical
  interface. Your wireless interface should not be referenced within
  Ubuntu/Debian's /etc/network/interfaces file.


Unlike NTFS, EXT4 partitions cannot be resized while they are mounted and in use.

You will need to boot a live USB stick or DVD in order to resize the partition.

Additionally, you don't want to extend sda3. Rather, you're going to want to extend sda5.

Finally, you can't extend partitions backwards, only forwards. Which means you're actually going to have to do some finagling in order to do this the way you want. (Well, unless you're using LVM which is a whole other can of worms)

I would suggest just formatting sda2 and using it as extra space rather than using it to extend sda5.


Upgraded to 13.10 and Files Are Gone But Showed up In Search

if the files are hidden press ctrl + h it will show.
if it don't appear try to see it from terminal
command :: ls -all
if it doesn't please tell me i will try to search for you about this problem


Empathy messages don't show up in message indicator

It's already a filed bug. See the discussion there for more info.


Is there a command to make Ubuntu's boot menu look like Fedora's?

The Grub display is generated via /boot/grub/grub.cfg. Read that file, look at the files in /etc/grub.d, which are used to generate /boot/grub/grub.cfg, read man -k grub, but....

BEWARE If you change /boot/grub/grub.cfg (or the way it is produced) you could end up with a Non-Booting system, aka Doorstop.


probably your VGA Port is wired to the nvidia chip

https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/wiki/Multi-monitor-setup

Greetings isten


Overheating/high CPU usage by Windows virtual machine

At 30% in any case should get this temp.

In my modest opinion this can be one of this three problems:

1) your sensors are not right or they are getting wrong info.

2) your hardware needs a mantenience, clean up fans, heatshinks, case and  change termal paste of the CPU/GPU.

3) if your temp is right in normal scenarios this will be a software related, whitch will need more info to be solved.


12.04 - network manager not started at boot

You probably have an error in you interface config script.
Take a look at /etc/network/interfaces keep it simple, network-manager will manage the interface.

Bellow you have an example of a working configuration. Just the first line will be enough, but try adding the last two if you'd like.

auto lo iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp


Do I need to install awk or is it inbuilt in Ubuntu?

Ubuntu's desktop edition has mawk installed by default, as it's a dependency of the lsb-core package. It conforms to standard AWK, with a few extensions.

GNU awk, which has more features, needs to be installed separately:

sudo apt-get install gawk


Ubuntu zooms into my wallpaper on one monitor, but leaves other normal

Apparently a switch under the selected wallpaper in Appearance settings was marked zoom, set it to fill and fixed it.


The classical "system tray" where any application could create an icon has been deprecated in various desktops since 2010. See https://ubuntu.com/blog/notification-area. A more standard notification system has been retained, where applications could, through dbus, create a notification in the notification area that acts in a more standard way for all applications.

Up to version 2.26, Gnome had a "legacy tray" area as a pop out in the bottom corner that could host such icons. Then, Gnome Shell developpers got rid of it all together. Yet, Gnome ShellExtensions such as Topicons Plus and KStatusNotifierItem/AppIndicator Support (used also in Ubuntu desktop as the "Ubuntu appindicators" extension) brought these notification icons back to the topbar. However, application icons have disappeared.

yad for its --notification option may rely on the old mechanism that is now obsolete. Therefore, the option does not work anymore on Unity desktop or Gnome Shell, even with the KStatusNotifierItem/AppIndicator enabled.

Still, the Excellent Gnome Shell extension Argos allows you to create interactive indicators in your top bar. Alternatively, use the notification system instead. In the shell, notifications can be created using notify-send.


Ubuntu 18.04 gnome-session broken post installation script

Usually /etc/alternatives/gdm3.css points to /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css. The latter file is located in gnome-shell-common package.
You can reinstall it with:

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-common --reinstall

If it does not work you can try to fix the problem by recreating the link manually with

sudo ln -s  /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css /etc/alternatives/gdm3.css

And then run

sudo apt-get install -f


Bith pip and pip3 direct to pip3 in the bash commandline

From what I can gather it sound like you don't have pip for Python 2.7 installed.

What is the output of dpkg -l 'python-pip'?

Since you have Python 3 pip installed under /usr/local/bin it sound like it is installed by you, manually, and not using the package system on Ubuntu.

Install pip for Python 2.7

To install pip for Python 2.7 you can install it using apt-get

$ sudo apt-get install python-pip

The output from type -a pip might now be something like this:

$ type -a pip
pip is /usr/local/bin/pip
pip is /usr/bin/pip

The second one is for Python 2.7.

$ /usr/bin/pip -V
pip 8.1.1 from /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (python 2.7)

This is controlled from the order the different paths is in your local $PATH envrionment. I have the following:

$ echo $PATH
/home/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin

Any command in /usr/local/bin will be chosen before commands in /usr/bin. So to use pip for Python 2.7 you'll have to use full path.

$ /usr/bin/pip


Application for creating Bootable pen drive that supports in UEFI mode

Honestly, I'd use Startup Disk Creator, it's included with every Ubuntu release and is generally more user friendly and reliable.
Make sure the iso is indeed meant for UEFI, sometimes they will be UEFI/BIOS specific.
Gotta ask, though, why are you installing Pop when you're already running Ubuntu?
It'd be a lot easier just to configure the Pop apt repo and update your current OS, since Pop IS Ubuntu with window dressing.
You can install any of Pop's software from their apt repo:
https://apt.pop-os.org/
They have all those packages and more on their GitHub profile:
https://github.com/pop-os
Good luck!


I would check the DPI settings as well to ensure that they match the monitor. The wrong setting would give it a flattened look that may also appear fuzzy.


Trying to connect to university wifi doesnt work opens networking menu

Are you certain you are using the appropriate connection settings in the networking menu?

For example, at my university, in addition to the username and password, the connection must be configured to use:

WPA & WPA2 Enterprise
EAP/PEAP
MSCHAPv2


Do not run auto-fix with multiple drives & multiple installs.

Usually best to use advanced mode and install grub into sda for install on sda drive and install grub for install on sdb to sdb's MBR.

It looks like grub in MBR of sda is looking for partition that does not exist. Or it is an old copy of grub and new install did not update it like it should have.

Install grub to sda's MBR.

https://sourceforge.net/p/boot-repair/home/Home/

A partitioned install usually removes the LVM drivers. So sudo update-grub will not find your LVM install. You need to install lvm2 and if encrypted cryptsetup. Then manually mount LVM volumes & run the update of grub.


How to identify if your hardware is working properly?

I think your best bet would be lshw, lspci, lspcmcia, and lsusb. These are all terminal-based, meaning you have to run them in a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T).
These three commands (and their flags, see man <command> for more info) can tell you a lot about your system.
However, most all of these tools are limited to only being able to see what your kernel can see. If the kernel can't see it, it usually means the hardware is poorly installed, dead, or broken. Additionally, these commands do not help you do active troubleshooting on your devices. They are purely informative -- they will not directly help you install drivers, etc.
lshw

An all-around report of what hardware you have in your computer. It doesn't detect everything, but it's definitely a good step.
See man lshw for more information.
Example Output:
[redacted]
    description: Notebook
    product: [redacted]
    vendor: ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC.
    version: 1.0
    serial: [redacted]
    width: 64 bits
    capabilities: smbios-2.7 dmi-2.7 vsyscall32
    configuration: boot=normal chassis=notebook family=Q sku=ASUS-NotebookSKU uuid=1B63B879-2A96-C097-DD6B-10C37B1EECDE
  *-core
       description: Motherboard
       product: [redacted]
       vendor: ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC.
       physical id: 0
       version: 1.0
       serial: BSN12345678901234567
       slot: MIDDLE
     *-firmware
          description: BIOS
          vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
          physical id: 0
          version: [redacted]
          date: 06/16/2014
          size: 64KiB
          capacity: 6080KiB
          capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer acpi usb smartbattery biosbootspecification uefi
     *-cpu
          description: CPU
          product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4500U CPU @ 1.80GHz
          vendor: Intel Corp.
          physical id: 8
          bus info: cpu@0
          version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4500U CPU @ 1.80GHz
          slot: SOCKET 0
          size: 1800MHz
          capacity: 3800MHz
          width: 64 bits
          clock: 100MHz
          capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cpufreq
          configuration: cores=2 enabledcores=2 threads=4
        *-cache:0
             description: L2 cache
             physical id: 9
             slot: CPU Internal L2
             size: 512KiB
             capacity: 512KiB
             capabilities: internal write-back unified
        *-cache:1
             description: L1 cache
             physical id: a
             slot: CPU Internal L1
             size: 128KiB
             capacity: 128KiB
             capabilities: internal write-back
        *-cache:2
             description: L3 cache
             physical id: b
             slot: CPU Internal L3
             size: 4MiB
             capacity: 4MiB
             capabilities: internal write-back unified
     *-memory
          description: System Memory
          physical id: c
          slot: System board or motherboard
          size: 8GiB
        *-bank:0
             description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
             product: M471B5173QH0-YK0
             vendor: Samsung
             physical id: 0
             serial: 15A0DE9D
             slot: ChannelA-DIMM0
             size: 4GiB
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
        *-bank:1
             description: DIMM [empty]
             product: [Empty]
             vendor: [Empty]
             physical id: 1
             serial: [Empty]
             slot: ChannelA-DIMM1
        *-bank:2
             description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
             product: M471B5173QH0-YK0
             vendor: Samsung
             physical id: 2
             serial: 15A0DE9C
             slot: ChannelB-DIMM0
             size: 4GiB
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
        *-bank:3
             description: DIMM [empty]
             product: [Empty]
             vendor: [Empty]
             physical id: 3
             serial: [Empty]
             slot: ChannelB-DIMM1
     *-pci
          description: Host bridge
          product: Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller
          vendor: Intel Corporation
          physical id: 100
          bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
          version: 09
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 33MHz
        *-display
             description: VGA compatible controller
             product: Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 2
             bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
             version: 09
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
             configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
             resources: irq:59 memory:f7400000-f77fffff memory:d0000000-dfffffff ioport:f000(size=64)
        *-multimedia:0
             description: Audio device
             product: Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 3
             bus info: pci@0000:00:03.0
             version: 09
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0
             resources: irq:63 memory:f7a1c000-f7a1ffff
        *-generic:0 UNCLAIMED
             description: Signal processing controller
             product: Intel Corporation
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 4
             bus info: pci@0000:00:04.0
             version: 09
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: msi pm bus_master cap_list
             configuration: latency=0
             resources: memory:f7a10000-f7a17fff
        *-usb
             description: USB controller
             product: Lynx Point-LP USB xHCI HC
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 14
             bus info: pci@0000:00:14.0
             version: 04
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pm msi xhci bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=xhci_hcd latency=0
             resources: irq:56 memory:f7a00000-f7a0ffff
        *-communication
             description: Communication controller
             product: Lynx Point-LP HECI #0
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 16
             bus info: pci@0000:00:16.0
             version: 04
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=mei_me latency=0
             resources: irq:60 memory:f7a24000-f7a2401f
        *-multimedia:1
             description: Audio device
             product: Lynx Point-LP HD Audio Controller
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1b
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0
             version: 04
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0
             resources: irq:62 memory:f7a18000-f7a1bfff
        *-pci:0
             description: PCI bridge
             product: Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 1
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1c
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0
             version: e4
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=pcieport
             resources: irq:16
        *-pci:1
             description: PCI bridge
             product: Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 3
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1c.2
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.2
             version: e4
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=pcieport
             resources: irq:18 ioport:e000(size=4096) memory:f7900000-f79fffff ioport:f2100000(size=1048576)
           *-network
                description: Ethernet interface
                product: RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
                vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
                physical id: 0
                bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
                logical name: eth0
                version: 0c
                serial: 10:c3:7b:1e:ec:de
                size: 10Mbit/s
                capacity: 1Gbit/s
                width: 64 bits
                clock: 33MHz
                capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
                configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=half firmware=rtl8168g-2_0.0.1 02/06/13 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=MII speed=10Mbit/s
                resources: irq:58 ioport:e000(size=256) memory:f7900000-f7900fff memory:f2100000-f2103fff
        *-pci:2
             description: PCI bridge
             product: Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 4
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1c.3
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.3
             version: e4
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=pcieport
             resources: irq:19 memory:f7800000-f78fffff
           *-network
                description: Wireless interface
                product: Wireless 7260
                vendor: Intel Corporation
                physical id: 0
                bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0
                logical name: wlan0
                version: 6b
                serial: 80:86:f2:23:78:69
                width: 64 bits
                clock: 33MHz
                capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
                configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=3.16.0-43-generic firmware=25.228.9.0 ip=10.0.2.102 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abgn
                resources: irq:61 memory:f7800000-f7801fff
        *-pci:3
             description: PCI bridge
             product: Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 5
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1c.4
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.4
             version: e4
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=pcieport
             resources: irq:16 ioport:d000(size=4096) memory:f6000000-f70fffff ioport:e0000000(size=301989888)
           *-generic UNCLAIMED
                description: Unassigned class
                product: Illegal Vendor ID
                vendor: Illegal Vendor ID
                physical id: 0
                bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0
                version: ff
                width: 32 bits
                clock: 66MHz
                capabilities: bus_master vga_palette cap_list
                configuration: latency=255 maxlatency=255 mingnt=255
                resources: memory:f6000000-f6ffffff memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:f0000000-f1ffffff ioport:d000(size=128) memory:f7000000-f707ffff
        *-isa
             description: ISA bridge
             product: Lynx Point-LP LPC Controller
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1f
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0
             version: 04
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=lpc_ich latency=0
             resources: irq:0
        *-storage
             description: SATA controller
             product: Lynx Point-LP SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode]
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1f.2
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2
             version: 04
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 66MHz
             capabilities: storage msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=ahci latency=0
             resources: irq:57 ioport:f0b0(size=8) ioport:f0a0(size=4) ioport:f090(size=8) ioport:f080(size=4) ioport:f060(size=32) memory:f7a22000-f7a227ff
        *-serial UNCLAIMED
             description: SMBus
             product: Lynx Point-LP SMBus Controller
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1f.3
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3
             version: 04
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             configuration: latency=0
             resources: memory:f7a21000-f7a210ff ioport:f040(size=32)
        *-generic:1 UNCLAIMED
             description: Signal processing controller
             product: Lynx Point-LP Thermal
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1f.6
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.6
             version: 04
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list
             configuration: latency=0
             resources: memory:f7a20000-f7a20fff
     *-scsi:0
          physical id: 1
          logical name: scsi0
          capabilities: emulated
        *-disk
             description: ATA Disk
             product: ST1000LM024 HN-M
             vendor: Seagate
             physical id: 0.0.0
             bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
             logical name: /dev/sda
             version: 0002
             serial: S2Y4J9DF302858
             size: 931GiB (1TB)
             capabilities: gpt-1.00 partitioned partitioned:gpt
             configuration: ansiversion=5 guid=3ed421d9-4412-4dfe-ab2e-ec026958789b sectorsize=4096
           *-volume:0 UNCLAIMED
                description: Windows FAT volume
                vendor: mkfs.fat
                physical id: 1
                bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1
                version: FAT32
                serial: 79ce-21ea
                size: 1126MiB
                capacity: 1127MiB
                capabilities: boot fat initialized
                configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat label=EFI
           *-volume:1
                description: Windows NTFS volume
                vendor: Windows
                physical id: 2
                bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2
                logical name: /dev/sda2
                version: 3.1
                serial: 72182df1-59f4-4645-ab5d-c51c8574253d
                size: 509GiB
                capacity: 509GiB
                capabilities: ntfs initialized
                configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2014-12-18 19:09:28 filesystem=ntfs label=Windows modified_by_chkdsk=true mounted_on_nt4=true name=Basic data partition resize_log_file=true state=dirty upgrade_on_mount=true
           *-volume:2
                description: Windows NTFS volume
                vendor: Windows
                physical id: 3
                bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,3
                logical name: /dev/sda3
                version: 3.1
                serial: 2653-69df
                size: 420MiB
                capacity: 449MiB
                capabilities: boot precious readonly hidden nomount ntfs initialized
                configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2015-06-01 22:45:26 filesystem=ntfs state=clean
           *-volume:3
                description: Apple Core Storage (File Vault)
                vendor: Mac OS X (journaled)
                physical id: 4
                bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,4
                logical name: /dev/sda4
                version: 5
                serial: 70a6d4ed-70bc-c40c-0000-000000640000
                size: 199GiB
                capacity: 199GiB
                capabilities: encrypted hfsx journaled bootable osx hfsplus initialized
                configuration: boot=osx checked=2015-01-01 21:58:27 created=2015-01-01 21:58:27 filesystem=hfsplus lastmountedby=HFSJ modified=2015-05-15 11:03:06 name=Mac OS X state=unclean
           *-volume:4
                description: boot partition
                vendor: Mac OS X (journaled)
                physical id: 5
                bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,5
                logical name: /dev/sda5
                version: 4
                serial: 3081fb24-64d6-7690-0000-000000005000
                size: 619MiB
                capacity: 619MiB
                capabilities: boot journaled bootable macos osx hfsplus initialized
                configuration: checked=2015-01-01 14:03:07 created=2015-01-01 14:03:07 filesystem=hfsplus lastmountedby=HFSJ modified=2015-05-15 11:03:01 name=Recovery HD state=unclean
           *-volume:5
                description: Windows NTFS volume
                vendor: Windows
                physical id: 6
                bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,6
                logical name: /dev/sda6
                version: 3.1
                serial: 4630-ec9c
                size: 894MiB
                capacity: 899MiB
                capabilities: boot precious readonly hidden nomount ntfs initialized
                configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2014-12-18 19:09:24 filesystem=ntfs label=Recovery state=clean
           *-volume:6
                description: reserved partition
                vendor: Windows
                physical id: 7
                bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,7
                logical name: /dev/sda7
                serial: d8318946-2259-48b7-b7c8-91326f7b4537
                capacity: 127MiB
                capabilities: nofs
           *-volume:7
                description: EXT4 volume
                vendor: Linux
                physical id: 8
                bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,8
                logical name: /dev/sda8
                logical name: /
                version: 1.0
                serial: 2f30acd8-6985-413e-97d0-1317ff84734d
                size: 211GiB
                capabilities: journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
                configuration: created=2015-07-16 11:39:47 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2015-07-18 15:32:54 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2015-07-18 15:32:54 state=mounted
           *-volume:8
                description: Linux swap volume
                vendor: Linux
                physical id: 9
                bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,9
                logical name: /dev/sda9
                version: 1
                serial: c3ccac50-afff-49ce-97ce-23c42e1716b2
                size: 8191MiB
                capacity: 8191MiB
                capabilities: nofs swap initialized
                configuration: filesystem=swap pagesize=4096
     *-scsi:1
          physical id: 2
          logical name: scsi1
          capabilities: emulated
        *-cdrom
             description: DVD-RAM writer
             product: DVD-RAM UJ8E2 S
             vendor: MATSHITA
             physical id: 0.0.0
             bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0
             logical name: /dev/cdrom
             logical name: /dev/sr0
             version: 1.00
             capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram
             configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc

N.B. This command should be run as super-user (sudo lshw) for most effectiveness.

lspci

This command limits its search to the PCI bus and everything connected to it. It's good for more verbose information on what physical devices are in your computer. Also, lspci -k will display all devices and their appropriate kernel drivers -- good for seeing what's actively enabled and what's not.
See man lspci for more information.
Sample Output:
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller (rev 09)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)
00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller (rev 09)
00:04.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Device 0a03 (rev 09)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP USB xHCI HC (rev 04)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP HECI #0 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP HD Audio Controller (rev 04)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev e4)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev e4)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev e4)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev e4)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP LPC Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode] (rev 04)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP SMBus Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.6 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP Thermal (rev 04)
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 0c)
03:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 7260 (rev 6b)
04:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK107M [GeForce GT 745M] (rev ff)

lspcmcia

This command will list all PCMCIA devices installed on your computer. However, most modern computers no longer have PCMCIA ports, so this command will likely return null.
See man lspcmcia for more information.

lsusb

This command is essentially a lspci for USB. It displays the USB buses and everything connected to them. It's best used to find what peripherals are in your computer.
See man lsusb for more information.
Example Output:
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0bda:0139 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5139 Card Reader Controller
Bus 001 Device 011: ID 04f3:010c Elan Microelectronics Corp.
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 13d3:5188 IMC Networks
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:07dc Intel Corp.
Bus 001 Device 012: ID 1532:003e Razer USA, Ltd
Bus 001 Device 014: ID 18d1:4ee2 Google Inc. Nexus 4 (debug)
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

Bonus: lscpu

The above tools aren't always the best at finding processor information. This command is designed specifically for this purpose, and will give you very detailed information.
See man lscpu for more information.
Example Output:
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                4
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3
Thread(s) per core:    2
Core(s) per socket:    2
Socket(s):             1
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 69
Stepping:              1
CPU MHz:               2124.281
BogoMIPS:              4789.14
Virtualization:        VT-x
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              4096K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-3

Bonus: lsdev

This command is a very advanced list of all the devices on your system. It's not installed by default, you need to install proctools like so:
sudo apt-get install proctools

It is best-suited to finding what I/O addresses, DMAs, and IRQs the devices are using.
See man lsdev for more information
Example Output:
Device            DMA   IRQ  I/O Ports
------------------------------------------------
0000:00:02.0                   f000-f03f
0000:00:1f.2                   f060-f07f   f080-f083   f090-f097   f0a0-f0a3   f0b0-f0b7
0000:00:1f.3                   f040-f05f
0000:02:00.0                     e000-e0ff
0000:04:00.0                     d000-d07f
ACPI                           1800-1803   1804-1805   1808-180b   1810-1815   1850-1850   1880-189f
acpi                      9
ahci                     57      f060-f07f     f080-f083     f090-f097     f0a0-f0a3     f0b0-f0b7
cascade             4
dma                            0080-008f
dma1                           0000-001f
dma2                           00c0-00df
EC                               0062-0062     0066-0066
eth0                     58
fpu                            00f0-00ff
i8042                  1 12
i915                     59
iTCO_wdt                       1830-1833   1860-187f
iwlwifi                  61
keyboard                       0060-0060   0064-0064
mei_me                   60
PCI                          0000-0cf7 0cf8-0cff 0d00-ffff   d000-dfff   e000-efff
pic1                           0020-0021
pic2                           00a0-00a1
pnp                            0240-0259   04d0-04d1   0680-069f   164e-164f   1854-1857   1c00-1cfe   1d00-1dfe   1e00-1efe   1f00-1ffe   ffff-ffff     ffff-ffff       ffff-ffff
PNP0C09:00                     0062-0062   0066-0066
r8169                              e000-e0ff
rtc0                      8    0070-0077
snd_hda_intel         62 63
timer                     0
timer0                         0040-0043
timer1                         0050-0053
xhci_hcd                 56


Epson Stylus DX4250 USB scanner not working anymore

Not sure how but it is working now... probably some update.

Thanks anyway!


Adding a language missing from the supported languages list

The Armenian language is absent in that list due to too few translations. Please see this answer.

There are Armenian keyboard layouts for typing, though.