These keys are defined in /usr/include/X11/XF86keysym.h.

Please note that the X11 include files may not be installed on your system if you have not installed various dev packages or needed to install proprietary graphics drivers. You can also find XF86keysym.h online

According to this header file, they are XFree86 vendor specific keysyms.

In other words, these keys are either part of a particular keyboard or they are not. If you don't see them, your keyboard does not have them.

These keys are pre-defined in desktop configuration files (you see them in Unity System Settings >> Keyboard >> Shortcuts as well, though Unity renames them slightly) as a convenience to users since otherwise it usually requires some scripting to attach actions to them.

The file also says:

X.Org will not be adding to the XF86 set of keysyms, though they have
been adopted and are considered a "standard" part of X keysym definitions.
XFree86 never properly commented these keysyms, so we have done our
best to explain the semantic meaning of these keys.

There are two things to note here.

These keysyms were an attempt to make XFree86/Xorg work with a wide range of hardware and some of the keysysms seem a little dated. For example, the calculator key is part of a group entitled:

These are sometimes found on PDA's (e.g. Palm, PocketPC or elsewhere)

These keysyms are standard. They are compiled into the various xkb-related libraries and are therefore automatically available to use, with or without the include files present on a system. But, of course, you need to have the key that emits the corresponding keycode already physically on the keyboard.

If you don't have the keys, you can of course map the actions to other key sequences. Because the keysyms are built into Xorg and the default actions are built into Ubuntu (through lubuntu-rc.xml, update-alternatives, and perhaps other ways), this is very easy to do.

Ubuntu, for example, uses these keysyms to offer the calculator key in both Unity and Lubuntu, even though it's extremely unlikely a standard desktop keyboard will have this key.

I liked the idea of a calculator button, which I had never thought of until I saw the option in System Settings.

In Unity, I changed the shortcut key for the calculator to Ctrl+/.

In Lubuntu, which I also use, I changed

<keybind key="XF86Calculator">

to

<keybind key="C-slash">

You can do the same for XF86WWW and XF86Terminal, although you can't assign a single key stroke to one of these keys (really, now just the concept of the key) unless you don't want to use the re-mapped key for it's original purpose, and you probably don't have many keys to spare.

But, as an example, I never use the menu key for a right-click. In Lubuntu, I can easily turn it into a terminal launcher by changing XF86Terminal to Menu. (The xml file uses the name of the key or the keycode. You can find these by using xev in a terminal, then pressing the key you want.)

Interestingly enough, in Lubuntu the default action of the browser key is to also launch the terminal. To re-map XF86WWW, you would need to change the name of the key and the <command>... as well.


Why is there no option to login as root?

Because it is not recommended doing so unless you know exactly what you are doing. Root is a superuser, meaning it can do anything and everything - it is only meant for administrative tasks. Day-for-day tasks can bear a security risk that WILL be exploited if EVERYONE (or a large proportion of users) used root. Think Windows - 99% of malware and virus problems are from people using admin accounts for everyday tasks.
Let's look at an example:
What if someone breaks into your system and tells it to erase your disks? If you are running as a normal user, the only files you would (should) be able to remove are those that belong to you, and not anyone else. If, say, you had other people using the computer, their files will not be touched at all, no matter how hard you try. That means you will not be able to change any system files, and therefore your system will remain rock-solid and unaffected/uninfected.
If you run as root, however, you can wipe the hard drive entirely, probably do some damage to the hardware itself, and generally render the system unusable. Correction: anyone who can get to run a single command as root on your computer (some malicious website or an email attachment) can do that.
Take a look this nice article that might explain it better than I did.
Here's another one.
You can always use sudo command or gksu command to run the command as the superuser, both of those work with graphical and command-line utilities. sudo is usually used for CLI, though, and gksu is the graphical password promt that does the same thing.
To an extent, they let you become root temporarily - much, much better than running as root constantly and risking instability.


Pcie bus error after a fresh ubuntu install

I resolved the issue trying a former kernel: vmlinuz-4.15.0-43-generic


I'm happily running Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit) on a 1015PEM, having an Atom N550 CPU.

The CPU of your machine is an Atom N270, which means that you most likely have to install the 32bit version.

Installation from a pendrive works like a charm.

If you can get replace the original 1GB RAM with 2 GB for little money: go for it. Note that you cannot add another SO-Dimm - you have to replace the old one.


How to remove Ubuntu installed alongside another version of Ubuntu?

GParted should do the trick (sudo apt-get install gparted). Delete the partition that has 12.04 on it, along with 12.04's swap partition (if applicable), resize 13.04's partition to fill the whole disk.


How do I add different packages to MAAS clients on installation?

Edit /var/lib/cobbler/snippets/mass_client_packages

Add whatever package you need in a the same format as a debian preseed file, here is the default:

d-i pkgsel/include string cloud-init openssh-server python-software-properties vim avahi-daemon server^

You can add packages you want in there, or you can then customise this to do something like the desktop instead:

d-i pkgsel/include string ubuntu-desktop

This will install your packages on all subsequent installations (previously provisioned machines will be unaffected).


Google Authentication not found error JHBUILD, Configuring Evolution Data Server

Looking at the configure.ac code, it looks like you need webkitgtk-3.0 and json-glib-1.0 (the libjson-glib-1.0-0-dev and libjson-glib-dev packages)


In case we want to add text to our video using the drawtext filter we can not make use of the copy video codec.

Adding text to a video will change the video data. Therefore we have to re-encode the video stream using any codec other than copy.


Installing Nvidia Geforce on Ubuntu 14.10 & 14.04

If u get only black screen than try it.first start your ubuntu in nomodoset
here is solution open this link and follow step

My computer boots to a black screen, what options do I have to fix it?

here is simple step:-

when the grub menu appear press 'e' to edit button

then find quiet splash and delete this quiet splash

and type nomodeset  and than press ctrl+x

you can install your graphics driver

but remeber your screen resoultion set 800x600

but dnt worry after your system reboot u can access your ubuntu in 800x600 resolution...

open your terminal and type

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable
sudo add-age-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
sudo apt-get-update
sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia linux-headers-generic


Here is the solution provided by MathWorks

Source

  This error occurs when the installer file (for example,
  matlab_R2010b_glnxa64_installer.zip or
  matlab_R2010b_glnx86_installer.zip) is not extracted properly. This
  commonly happens if the installer is downloaded on a Windows machine,
  is extracted, and then copied to a Linux machine.

  To ensure that the installer runs properly, the installation archives
  should be extracted on a Linux machine. To extract the installer, you
  can use the command line tool "unzip" to extract the file. For
  example:

unzip matlab_R20*_glnxa64_installer.zip

The Other solution is to change the permission of the java executable located in /java/jre/glnxa64/jre/bin/ directory.

sudo chmod +x java


I/O error very often means a hardware failure. If it's not hardware then more than likely you will need to reformat or/and repartition the drive. So probably try gparted and fdisk. Also you can try to boot up from Live CD to narrow the problem down.


Well, for security reasons, /var/www folder is usually only accessed via sudo. If you wish to drop your files, let's say: your index.html, images folder and other stuff inside of it you will be in the need to start nautilus (or your preferred files browser) with elevated privileges by running sudo nautilus in a terminal or gksudo nautilus in the "Run application" dialog window, this will cause the /var/www to be accessed with both read and write access.

Related to your "403 Forbidden error" you must be sure that the files inside of /var/www have the right permissions, which can be changed via sudo chmod 755 /var/www -R in a terminal for read/write permission only for the owner and read and execute permissions for users and others.
However, if we wish to use another local folder for testing in our website/HTML/PHP code, we can change the default folder location used by our localhost/php engine to manage these files. This is done using the following procedure:

sudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
Provide user password

Then, change all occurrences of "/var/www/" to the folder that we use to test our site/HTML/PHP. (Example: /home/geppettvs/www/ or where appropriate, change "geppettvs" with your local folder.
After that you must restart the computer for the purpose of the changes to take effect. Do not forget also that the files must have the proper file permissions to run properly. (755 is usually sufficient, but some folders [and/or files] may need 777 permissions to read and write them correctly.)
Another trick would be to stop/restart the Apache service but I prefer to restart the computer. In addition, you might need to clear your cache/browsing history in order to the changes take effect and stop receiving the It works! from the sample page.
Good luck!
Parts of this answers comes from: https://askubuntu.com/a/25045/9598


Use this tuto:

  Add Kubuntu CI Stable PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ci/stable

  If you’ve added Kubuntu backports PPA, and it does not yet update with
  Plasma 5.4. You may remove it via:

sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports

  Update system cache and upgrade your system:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

  If you’re not in Kubuntu, you may run below command to install KDE:

sudo apt-get install plasma-desktop

  If everything goes well, restart your computer to apply changes.

Source:  ubuntuhandbook.org


Installed Ubuntu on partition. Can't Boot windows 7 anymore

Try boot repair  or re-installing the grub. Here is the link for help.


SSH Permission denied (public key), but root ssh works

SSH logins can fail for various reasons(incorrect directory/file permissions,incorrect keys etc.) and the connecting client will just get Permission denied or No more authentication methods to try or some generic error.
The exact reason for the login failure will be available in ssh log /var/log/auth.log or /var/log/secure depending on the syslog configuration.


Chances of package being updated in stable release

It depends.  If it isn't that big of a deal, probably not; if it is a critical bug ( causes data loss, renders program entirely unusable ), then it probably will.  You might ask the bug triagers to look at it in #ubuntu-bugs on irc.freenode.net.


Are you sure you have g++ installed? Use the commands bellow to install g++, if you don't have it already:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install g++

And this question is kind of duplicate of this or this one.


Cannot edit Software Sources after upgrading from 12.10 to 13.04

You don't have to click on check buttons just click on the ppa and the click on remove button below.


16GB pen drive showing 2MB space after formatting on windows 7

If you want, you can even fix that in windows, run cmd as administrator then type

diskpart
list disk
select disk 1 (make sure its the right one)
clean (if it complains about permission, just type clean again)

then just make new volume in disk management, right click on computer -> manage ->disk management


Brother printer won't print but says it is receiving data?

I had a very similar problem with my Brother printer: it always said that the printer was "processing" the document, but my problem was that I was using IPP instead of AppSocket/JetDirect.

How is your printer connected to your computer? Is it connected via a Parallel port? Is it simply wired in through USB? Or are you and the printer both connected to a router?

My setup was: printer wired into router via Ethernet, computer connected to router's Wi-Fi.
Here's what I had to do:

I'll need more information on your setup to really help you a lot, but if your printer is set up like mine, that might be worth a shot.

NOTE: if that doesn't work for you, see if you have any luck with Brother's official drivers.


How to remove additional icons on firefox toolbar

Reinstall Flash and video download;
Restart Firefox;
Select Tools-->Additional Components in Firefox menu;
Select the extension tab and browse for Flash and video download; click Preferences; uncheck show toolbar icons.


I think you will just have to remove the file

~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks

You can also edit the file and just remove single entries.


First, make sure you have everything updated involving sound management:

sudo apt-get install asoundconf-gtk alsa-oss libasound2 libasound2-plugins padevchooser gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio ubuntu-restricted-extras

Then go to System -> Preferences -> Sound and choosing "USB Audio Codec USB Audio (ALSA)," under Audio Conferencing -> Sound Capture. Click "Test" to test out the microphone.


libqt4-opengl:i386 has unmet dependencies

Execute the following commands:
sudo cp /var/lib/dpkg/status{,.bak}
sudo sed -i '24899s/(= 4:)/(= 4:4.8.5+git192-g085f851+dfsg-2ubuntu4)/' /var/lib/dpkg/status
sudo apt-get install -f

This should fix it.

Explanation
From the output of your sudo apt-get upgrade and sudo apt-get install -f:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libqt4-opengl:i386 : Depends: libqtcore4:i386 (= 4:) but 4:4.8.5+git192-g085f851+dfsg-2ubuntu4 is installed

dpkg: error: parsing file '/var/lib/dpkg/status' near line 24899 package 'libqt4-opengl:i386':
 'Depends' field, reference to 'libqtcore4': error in version: nothing after colon in version number

libqt4-opengl:i386 needs libqtcore4:i386 to be installed, but for some reason, it's looking for its version 4: (look at the last line in the output I requested). That's a wrong version number. I don't know what could've caused it to do this, but we'll try to fix the version it's looking for.
According to this page, we can see that the version of libqtcore4:i386 it really needs is 4:4.8.5+git192-g085f851+dfsg-2ubuntu4 (which you already have installed, from the output of apt-cache policy libqtcore4:i386). So we might be able to fix this by editing the /var/lib/dpkg/status file to make it look for the correct version, and then try the apt-get command again.


Thunderbird is preferred mail app, messaging menu still loads evolution

There is an extension that let's Thunderbird use the message indicator in Ubuntu:

But it will not delete the evolution entry, to do that you need to remove /usr/share/indicators/messages/applications/evolution

Related: How can I remove "Set Up Mail" and other entries from the message indicator?


Set different java version for different programs

There is a shell environment variable, JAVA_HOME that can be set to use a java version from a specific directory. It needs to be exported, and should contain the path of the bin subdirectory of the java version. Also, the same directory should be first (or before /usr/bin) in PATH.

The variable can be set in a script used to start an individual program.

You could find the bin directories of installed versions using something like

$ locate -b '\appletviewer'

For details on setting the variable, see Setting JAVA_HOME.

There is a similar variable JDK_HOME for the JDK.


How can I add msftdata flag to an ext4 partition?

Solution as follows:

1-run Gdisk from CLI
2-select disk (in my case it was /dev/sda)
3-select partition (in my case 4)
4-select "t" to change a partitions "type" code
5-enter "0700"


I figured this out. The tmp folder had been accidentally deleted. I recreated and rebooted and the problem was fixed.


Add Server between current wireless router and new router

Your wireless router should have a bridge mode but the setup is different according the the manufacturer and some won;t bridge between vendors (you may be able to run DD-WRT if you run into this issue).

In Bridge mode you generally disable DHCP on the "client" router and let it be served from the master.

Alternatively you can purchase a USB wifi adapter for as little as $6 on Newegg.


From the error log it seems keystone in openstack havana uses python 2.7. To install sqlalchemy for python 2.7, do the following on a terminal:

sudo apt-get install python-sqlalchemy


No network on Raspberry Pi 3B+ with Ubuntu ARM64

The generic arm64 kernel in 18.04 doesn't have a dtb file for the 3B+ so I'm not sure what works.  I had hoped it would still work with the dtb file built into uboot.

If you can't get it to work then this https://ubuntu-mate.community/t/aarch64-on-raspberry-pi-2-rev-1-2-3b-3b/16853 should work on the 3B+ because it uses the raspi2 kernel.


Does ubuntu reinstall preserve the mount points?

To be safe, you could copy it to your home directory, since that will certainly be kept intact if you choose to reinstall.


Various issues linked to my CD drive, when it has a disc in it

I'd say this was failing hardware, although the segfaults are nasty too. If the CD drive suddenly becomes unconnected then you can get all sorts of weird problems. Check the cables, check it on a LiveCD boot (because it'll show a lot in that if it is hardware)


How to stop and remove a docker container?

I've fixed it! Please don't forget - all your data in the containers will be removed!

So, first of all we need to execute this commands:

# adding new group
$ sudo groupadd docker

# adding user to the 'docker' group
$ sudo gpasswd -a ${your_username} docker

# restart the docker (documentation suggests to use 'docker.io' instead of 'docker',
# for me both variants work just fine!
$ sudo service docker restart

Then we need to logout, DON'T use GUI-variant because it didn't work for me and i was dissapointed about this.

Instead, use this command:

sudo pkill -u username

Then we need to...

1. Kill all running containers

sudo docker kill $(docker ps -q)

2. Delete all stopped containers

sudo docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

3. Delete all 'untagged/dangling' images

sudo docker rmi $(docker images -q -f dangling=true)

4. Delete all images

sudo docker rmi $(docker images -q)

Sources:
https://www.calazan.com/docker-cleanup-commands/
http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/ubuntu-63/how-do-i-log-out-via-terminal-928183/

P.S. Maybe other answers are correct too, but at the moment these answers were published my problem was already fixed and I'm unable to check if they are correct or not. Thanks to @Andreas. He pointed out a mistake that containers were already removed. Since I didn't find any correct and "all in one" sollution I wanna tell you how you can fix it.


How to restart GDM3 with autologin on 18.04 and 19.04

Had the same issue, I solved it by enabling 'Timed Login' in the /etc/gdm3/custom.conf file. Mine looks like:

# GDM configuration storage
#
# See /usr/share/gdm/gdm.schemas for a list of available options.

[daemon]
AutomaticLoginEnable=true
AutomaticLogin=username

# Uncoment the line below to force the login screen to use Xorg
#WaylandEnable=false

# Enabling automatic login

# Enabling timed login
TimedLoginEnable = true
TimedLogin = username
TimedLoginDelay = 10

[security]

[xdmcp]

[chooser]

[debug]
# Uncomment the line below to turn on debugging
# More verbose logs
# Additionally lets the X server dump core if it crashes
#Enable=true


Software to connect a Professional Digital Camera

Found one and not anywhere, inside Software Center. Darktable:

But I still could not fix the problem about getting the images. The problem was that I needed to unmount the camera. It can't be mounted if I want to connect darktable and extract the images.

Love Ubuntu more everyday. I mean it has everything.


Display brightness adjustment not working

I have Thinkpad W510 and followed the instruction in this page.
It solved the problem that you describe and Fn+Home/End are now toggling the brightness of the screen.
I hope it will work for you too.


How to remove the mate terminal icon from the Dash home?

The easiest way is just run apt-get autoremove to remove any extra package:

sudo apt-get --purge autoremove mate-core mate-desktop-environment

This should remove any package that are related to mate in any way.


Where does Deluge store active torrent files?

From the Deluge FAQ:

~/.config/deluge/state

(The .config directory is normally hidden, but you can show hidden files in Nautilus by pressing Ctrl+H.)


RubyMine installs completely within a user account.  There should be no need to run RubyMine with sudo or as root. Probably you started as root and locked the settings to him.  Check just a couple of things.

Check that your ~/.RubyMine50 (or ~/.RubyMine60) directory is owned by you and not root
Check whereever you unpacked your RubyMine environment to is also readable by your user and not root.

To change directory permissions:

sudo chown -vR user.user ~/.RubyMine50

where user is your user id.  Technically the 2nd one is group, but I only see Ubuntu set up each user as its own group.


Did you try the suggestion?

Try '

apt-get -f install

' with no packages (or specify a solution)

If this doesn't work try the following

sudo apt-get autoclean && apt-get clean
sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude -y upgrade
sudo aptitude install <package>

And please tell if its from a ppa maybe this link could be a solution for you.

How do I resolve unmet dependencies after adding a PPA?


How can I disable scroll lock when switching layouts?

Problem solved.

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/keyboard

change

XKBOPTIONS="grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll"

to

XKBOPTIONS="grp:alt_shift_toggle"

save, exit, and reboot.


How to make bash script stop if command responds with certain string?

You can pipe a program's standard output to another program that passes it through, but quits when it matches a particular pattern. The first program should terminate when the pipe collapses.

To illustrate:

$ { printf '%.0sOK\n' {1..10}; printf 'failed to load\n'; printf '%.0sOK\n' {1..10}; } | sed '/failed to load/q'
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
failed to load

The method may need tweaking if the failed to load message is written to the standard error stream rather than the standard output stream:

somecommand 2>&1 | sed '/failed to woad/q'

ex.

melt "a/VID1.mkv" "a/VID2.mkv" -consumer avformat:/output/output.mkv acodec=libmp3lame vcodec=libx264 2>&1 | sed '/Failed to load/q'

If the command is part of a script, and you want to exit the script when this happens, then at least with GNU sed you can tell it to quit with a specific exit code which you may then test and act upon accordingly. For example

melt "a/VID1.mkv" "a/VID2.mkv" -consumer avformat:/output/output.mkv acodec=libmp3lame vcodec=libx264 2>&1 | sed '/Failed to load/q3'

if [ $? -eq 3 ]; then
  echo "Aborting concatenation" >&2
  exit 3
fi


Perhaps you want

sed -E '/^>/s/.* gene:(\S+).*/>\1/' file

-E and -r are equivalent, but I prefer -E since it corresponds to the same grep option.

\S+ is "one or more non-whitespace characters" in GNU sed.


It looks like Fabric is using standard ssh instead of juju ssh (which uses the Juju ssh key).  The easiest way to get the auth to work is to import your ssh key from Launchpad into your Juju deployment:

juju authorized-keys import $launchpad_user


OpenVPN conflicts with 3G mobile broadband

This started working after a kernel update :-)

I'm going to upgrade to 11.10 ... fingers crossed :-D


Have Ubuntu Desktop on EC2 with the same GUI as Ubuntu 18.04 LTS on a PC

So it looks like you are using different window managers, your ec2 instance is using gnome-flashback and your desktop edition is using Gnome 3. Personally I think you'd be better off using gnome-flashback for a desktop environment inside EC2 so that your lag isn't too bad but if are certain you want to switch window managers to Gnome 3, see this answer for Switching window managers in desktop environments


Looks like your system didn't like the update. Something installed or some setting is obviously holding it back from completing the update.
The easiest thing to do is create an Ubuntu LiveUSB of 12.04, boot it up, back up your files, and install from scratch. This will save any terminal-hassles.


How can i do a "complete" reset of Ubuntu 14.04, WITHOUT using a disk or USB drive?

There is an option, you could setup a network boot server to boot over LAN, have a look at this program, it can easily transmit your Ubuntu ISO over your local network: http://www.aomeitech.com/pxe/pxe-boot-software.html
It's free to download for Windows. If your other computer is also installed with Linux, it's a bit more involved, but on the Ubuntu Wiki you should be able to find the article on how to setup PXEBoot.


Where do I start to create my own Ubuntu derivative?

An Ubuntu remix is just a meta package (like xubuntu-desktop) that depends on whatever software should be installed by default. To get the source of some existing meta *buntu desktops do:

apt-get source xubuntu-desktop
apt-get source lubuntu-desktop

This will fetch the base package of x/lubuntu. It is just a regular Debian package, it has files debian/control debian/rules etc. It can be rebuilt by doing:

apt-get build-dep xubuntu-desktop
dpkg-buildpackage -b -uc

Each architecture has its own list of files to install ("desktop-amd64", "desktop-powerpc" etc). To create your own derivative:

take the lubuntu/xubuntu source as a base
adapt it (eg. replace lubuntu with nicbuntu everywhere)
edit the dependency lists to add the packages you want
build your meta package
install it (dpkg -i nicbuntu.deb or gdebi nicbuntu.deb if you want to pull in dependencies)

Once you have your meta package working, you can build an installer iso image. There are plenty of answers already explaining how to do that (this one is quite detailed).

The only extra things you need to remember to do are:

add your nicbuntu.deb and any packages it depends on to the iso image
regenerate the Packages file (apt-ftparchive, see linked answer)
add "nicbuntu" to the the pre-seed file (again, see linked answer)

Obviously there are a lot of specific details that you will need to get working, but basically that's all there is to it.


How do I update an individual package without breaking future updates?

From the link you added to your question:

Click on the package you want to download libxml4-1.

Then choose your architecture.

Then choose a mirror and download it.

And just as that the site advises you:

  If you are running Ubuntu, it is strongly suggested to use a package manager like aptitude or synaptic to download and install packages, instead of doing so manually via this website.

You can install them and if the dependencies in your version are enough to satisfy the package it will install but you won't get automatic updates.


After some private chat and debugging with the author - It would seem that you have your USB drive mounted with the noexec flag - this is preventing you from executing anything off of the drive, even if you have the permission explicitly set.

To fix this, simply remount the usb drive with the exec flag.

sudo mount -o remount,exec /home/myName/newMount

Using remount, all other flags will remain the same.


Got a Dell D620 with no OS, would like to use USB to get Ubuntu on it. Where do I start?

Try this. Turn the power on and press F2. You may have to hold it down. When you get to the BIOS screen you'll be looking for boot devices. If your USB is plugged in, it should be on the list. Select the USB, save changes and reboot. If your USB is an ISO image and the BIOS fix worked then it will boot to ubuntu installation.


As a long learning process for me, I was supporting such hacks. Like the one your script probably needs for DBus address .., see this answer:

How to pause VLC playback when the headphones are disconnected?
Udev action commands are run within a sandbox. So it is missing desktop environment variables and services. So Udev rules are not attended to be used and connected directly to GUI and User environment.

To be complete, check Wikipedia - Udev for its objectives.

I would recommend doing it the same way as any user application developer should do .. Use a library. I don't care which one: a low level one for udev or a high level one like udisks2 (for GTK's DE),...
If you look at that hack from system design prospective, you will see how ugly it is. How a low level system could relay on high level one!.


No active connections found! Ubuntu 11.10

This information covers the "driver em" needed for your specific Intel 82540OEM Gigabit Ethernet Controller

Man Pages

DESCRIPTION

The em driver provides support for PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on
     the Intel 82540, 82541ER, 82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544, 82545, 82546,
     82546EB, 82546GB, 82547, 82571, 81572, 82573, and 82574 Ethernet
     controller chips.

The driver supports Transmit/Receive checksum offload
     and Jumbo Frames on all but 82542-based adapters.  Furthermore it
     supports TCP segmentation offload (TSO) on all adapters but those based
     on the 82543, 82544 and 82547 controller chips.  The identification LEDs
     of the adapters supported by the em driver can be controlled via the
     led(4) API for localization purposes.

For further hardware information,
     see the README included with the driver.
Driver page


No sound on a HP Pavilion dv6 with ubuntu 12.04

This works!  Just close the test files that open to proceed to the next step.  then turn your volume on the HP pavilion up at the bar above the keyboard.  It starts at mute.


Pasting your code into https://www.shellcheck.net/ reports:

$ shellcheck myscript

Line 7:
  read -p "Enter FULL folder path where you want to install project1:" fullpath
  ^-- SC2162: read without -r will mangle backslashes.

Line 9:
  read -p "Continue? (Y/N): " confirm
  ^-- SC2162: read without -r will mangle backslashes.

Line 26:
  if find $fullpath/project1/project1_repo -mindepth 1 | read; then
          ^-- SC2086: Double quote to prevent globbing and word splitting.
                                                         ^-- SC2162: read without -r will mangle backslashes.

Did you mean: (apply this, apply all SC2086)
  if find "$fullpath"/project1/project1_repo -mindepth 1 | read; then

Line 36:
if [ -n "$(ls -A $DIR)" ]; then
                 ^-- SC2086: Double quote to prevent globbing and word splitting.

Did you mean: (apply this, apply all SC2086)
if [ -n "$(ls -A "$DIR")" ]; then

Line 45:
if [ -d $fullpath/project1/project1_repo ]; then
        ^-- SC2086: Double quote to prevent globbing and word splitting.

Did you mean: (apply this, apply all SC2086)
if [ -d "$fullpath"/project1/project1_repo ]; then

Line 46:
      [ -n "$(ls -A $fullpath/project1/project1_repo)" ] && echo "Not Empty" || echo "Empty"
                    ^-- SC2086: Double quote to prevent globbing and word splitting.

Did you mean: (apply this, apply all SC2086)
      [ -n "$(ls -A "$fullpath"/project1/project1_repo)" ] && echo "Not Empty" || echo "Empty"

Line 56:
  if [ -n "$(ls -A $fullpath/project1/project1_repo)" ]; then
                   ^-- SC2086: Double quote to prevent globbing and word splitting.

Did you mean: (apply this, apply all SC2086)
  if [ -n "$(ls -A "$fullpath"/project1/project1_repo)" ]; then

You can follow the suggestion to use "$fullpath" and any other recommendations in comments above. After fixing current errors  ShellCheck reports, it may then report additional errors when you run it again.


How are packages classified in apt-mark showauto/showmanual?

We cannot just say that apt-mark showmanual shows only dependecies that are automatically installed.

Some packages which normally would be auto-installed
are marked otherwise because they or their depender are in special
sections.

So its normal that if you do:

$ apt-get install foo
NEW: foo

you get it as manually installed

on the other hand, if it is:

$ apt-get install foo
NEW: foo foo-data

foo-data will appear as automatical installed.

Morover

If foo is automatical installed and you do:

$ apt-get install foo

at the end of the operation foo will be marked as manually installed.

We are asking a machine to be clever, but machines are idiots.
We might not have installed an Xserver,which is there in manually installed (You must be like when did I install Xserver manually), but the installer did because it
believes we need it and don't want it removed. The same goes for installing
gnome and marking everything gnome depends on as manual because
users assume that removing just the (metapackage) gnome will not
automatically also remove all the gnome applications they grow used to.

Then we follow a tutorial or we use one of those diseases like crappy
installer scripts from dubious sources which just apt-get install everything.

This is distinct from your usecase of getting to know which packages are
installed by you rather than some automated process. It might overlap at
times, but not always. The big problem you have to face is that it is
pretty hard to decide if you or software ordered an installation. Many
times its both.

Example: An application which installs packages (for you)
to enable hardware support (for you). [do you see what I did here?]
Is this auto or manually installed?

First: An auto-installed packages has 'Auto-Installed: 1' Flag set.

Second: If you have no data, default to a safe option and this is here
"auto-installed: 0" (= manually installed) as it isn't removing anything.

So you can't just say that one contains completely manually installed and the other one completely automatically installed.

(It has also historical reasons as this tracking wasn't implemented from
 the beginning and there was a time people cared about upgrades a lot).


Is there a Unity Lens to replace the filemanager

I'm finding Ubuntu Files to be very slow (Ubuntu seems slow in general).  From what I've gathered it doesn't utilize an index.  One workaround is to install the Recoll indexing app, and add 'unity-scope-recoll' from a ppa.  This allows terms to be tested against the index and displayed in the lens.

Recoll
http://www.lesbonscomptes.com/recoll/

scope
https://bitbucket.org/medoc/unity-scope-recoll


APK file is just a JAR file with additional Android platform specific files included in it such as AndroidManifest.xml and classes.dex.

JAR file is just a compressed ZIP file with additional metadata (MANIFEST.MF etc.) in a folder (META-INF).

ZIP file is a compressed single-file representation of a folder.

So, in a nut-shell all 3 formats are essentially just a ZIPped folder with additional format-specific metadata files.

Use Android SDK's dx utility to generate all 3 formats from the same helloWorld.java file, then hexDump the 3 files, then diff them 2 at a time to confirm that they are nearly identical with 4 format-specific bytes being different. All other bytes are identical in the 3 generated files.


Something's wrong here. I've installed Matlab R2012a, and the install file does not require any input file.

This should work.

Command line way.

Open Terminal
cd into Matlab directory ( which has the install file and is shown in your screenshot)
sudo chmod +x ./install
sudo ./install
This will open a window, from where you will be able to proceed yourself.

GUI way:

type alt+F2. this opens the run dialog
type gksudo nautilus and hit enter
open the Matlab directory (as shown in your screenshot)
check if install file has execute permissions (as in your screenshot)
Double click install. You will get a window asking you wether to display or run.
Click on Run
you should be able to find your way from here. this opens a window with necessary instructions.

as you see, The Command line way is easier and safer.. ;)

This is guaranteed to work.
And just so you know, when you executed install, as described in your question, /usr/bin/install must have got executed. It is probably the one that complained of a missing file operand.


Connecting Arduino with eth0 while leaving wlan0 for Internet

I just added a line to iptables:

sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -s 0.0.0.0/0 -d 10.42.0.9 -j ACCEPT

now all is fine!


Keyboard shortcut is unstable Alt, Super etc

Open ccsm:

ccsm &

Go to keyboard shortcuts and set the following command:

xdotool key ctrl+v

You will have to mess around with keybindings to find one that works. I tried F1 and it works fine. You cannot use ALT as far as I can tell because ALT is binded to the menu.


Networking commands doesn't work; what should I do?

You can try to put the network up with a static IP by using ifconfig  when you are connecting directly to your server. For example:

sudo ifconfig eth0 up 192.168.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0

After, check with:

service networking status


How can I install Ubuntu 13.04 inside Ubuntu 12.04?

If you want to experiment with 13.04, you can do a few things:

Probably closest to your specified goal - you can use VirtualBox to create a Virtual Ubuntu 13.04 machine. (I know the link says Windows, but the instructions are the same). You can install VirtualBox from the Software Center.
Use a Live USB stick with persistence enabled. That way, you can experiment without changing your current setup at all.
You can install Ubuntu 13.04 alongside Ubuntu 12.04. If you wind up choosing to delete the new OS, you will have to remove the new partition and resize the old one with GParted and then use Boot-repair to restore the boot loader.


Add "run in terminal" option in Nautilus actions configuration tool

In nautilus-actions tool, go to Edit > Preferences > Runtime Execution. In the "command pattern" field, enter: gnome-terminal -x sh -c COMMAND

Then your commands/scripts will execute in the terminal just fine. Hope this helps someone!


Sorry for breaking in and reviving this.

Later in August, Ubuntu 12.04.1 will have this working.

Until then there are hints here on solving this.

A successful Lubuntu installation can be found here.

These instructions for building a vaapi-enabled mplayer absolutely work wonders.

An Adobe Flash plugin with hardware acceleration can be taken from MeeGo.
Download the MeeGo Flash plugin (flash-plugin-10.2.0-Meego_Release.rpm) and replace your currently installed libflashplayer.so.

There's more discussion here about this.

However the GMA36x0 series GPU from Intel (or PowerVR-SGX545 from Imagination Technologies which it is based upon) will never have a 64-bit driver according to Intel. When you review the specs of PowerVR SGX545 might enlighten the views; the GPU is only 32-bit hardware with ability to "emulate" 64 bits. So we may be able to run 64-bit OS in the Atom N2600 series processors as long as we have a nice changeover to 32-bits for the GPU.


On Kubuntu 14.04, Muon doesn't work after update and upgrade via terminal

Open Terminal and enter:

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/* -vf

Then DON'T sudo apt-get update

Update via muon, or else you might fall into the same problem again.

Solved my problem completely.


How can I login to lightdm with password for fingerprint-enabled user after 12.10 upgrade?

The bug you've described seems to have been solved in LightDM shipped with Ubuntu 13.04.

In Ubuntu 12.10 I had the same problem but for a different reason. I had an encrypted home dir and fingerprint-gui doesn't store passwords to accounts but instead provides a pam module and only checks for a matching fingerprint to allow users to log in. However, to decrypt a home dir one must enter a password, otherwise encryption simply wouldn't make sense. Thus, as long as ecryptfs doesn't provide a way to use fingerprints instead of passwords, this system won't work.

Combined with the bug you've described this leads for me to the situation where I have to always first scan my fingerprint for it to fail and only then I'm able to enter a password in LightDM.

As a workaround, I've disabled fingerprint authentication for LightDM altogether, after all one has to pass this login quite seldom.

This works as follows:

Make a copy of the file /etc/pam.d/common-auth, name it whatever you want. For simplicity, I will assume that you named it common-auth-pass-only:

sudo cp /etc/pam.d/common-auth /etc/pam.d/common-auth-pass-only

Edit the newly created file for example with the command sudo nano /etc/pam.d/common-auth-pass-only, you will have to remove the line:

auth    [success=2 default=ignore]      pam_fingerprint-gui.so try_first_identified debug

The exact contents of this line may differ slightly, but the part with pam_fingerprint-gui.so will be there.
Edit the lightdm pam config file for example with the command sudo nano /etc/pam.d/lightdm. Replace the file name common-auth in the line

@include common-auth

with the name of the newly created file, the line should then look like this:

@include common-auth-pass-only

Remember, this is only a temporary workaround, the command pam-auth-update won't manage your config for LightDM any more after these changes were applied.


How do I fix an ignored update file in Ubuntu 13.04?

N: Ignoring directory '/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/' as it has an invalid filename extension
N: Ignoring file '90rkhunter.before_restore_2013-12-08_17.40.52.459330' in directory '/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/' as it has an invalid filename extension
N: Ignoring file '90rkhunter.before_restore_2013-12-08_17.40.36.158263' in directory '/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/' as it has an invalid filename extension
N: Ignoring file '99-localepurge.before_restore_2013-12-08_17.40.52.459330'

While I can't say why it is issuing a Notice (that's the N:) on /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/ (ignoring it is right, issuing the notice is not), it should be reasonably obvious that the other files are being ignored for not having the right filename extension, as they appear to be backups. Removing these files should solve the problem, and may get rid of all the notices if the directory one is simply occurring because there are invalid files within it.

Running the following code (all one line) will permanently remove these backups, and hopefully fix your problem.

sudo rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/90rkhunter.before_restore_2013-12-08_17.40.52.459330 /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/90rkhunter.before_restore_2013-12-08_17.40.36.158263 /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99-localepurge.before_restore_2013-12-08_17.40.52.459330


If you installed netbeans using the .sh script then I suppose you  used sudo
i.e
sudo ./netbeans.sh
However graphical user interface programs are not run(just by clicking) with root privileges on ubuntu so thats why you are having that problem. If you are not comfortable accessing you current installation using terminal get into /usr/local/netbeans-installation-folder and run the .sh uninstall script. Then install the program again without using the sudo command like
./netbeans.sh (remeber to make it read/write using sudo chmod +x netbeans.sh)
Update
If you installed it without using sudo(root) and you still have this problem
run
sudo chown -R your_user_name /home/your_user_name/.netbeans


Opinion on what my disk usage analyzer shows

Try playing the following commands...
lsb_release -a
sudo hdparm -I /dev/sd* | grep -i trim
sudo lshw -C memory


System monitor show 8 CPUs for my Intel i7-3820QM?

Because this CPU is equipped with Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology, this means that for each physical core you get 2 logical thread, 4 times 2 is equal to 8.

http://ark.intel.com/products/64889/


is the system corect after deleting swap and merging with root?

Yes, that looks correct.

You have a /boot partition (sda1), then an extended partition (sda2) that contains a partition with a logical volume (sda5). This is supposed to contain your / (root) and other filssystems.

If you have removed the swap entry from /etc/fstab it should boot fine.


Try to boot using nomodeset, some drivers have removed support for non-kernel mode setting. When you use nomodeset, the system will fall back to the VESA un-accelerated driver.

When you see the kernel list, press e, find the line ending with quiet splash and add nomodeset. Then press CTRL + x to boot


How to tell whether any smtp server like postfix, ssmtp is already installed on Ubuntu 16.04?

Running

aptitude search '~Pmail-transport-agent' | grep "^i"

will return the following if there is no package installed which provides a proper mail transport agent

i   lsb-invalid-mta                 - Linux Standard Base sendmail dummy

ie if you run

aptitude search '~Pmail-transport-agent'

you will get every package that is eventually capable of sending emails. In case of Ubuntu 16.04 that is

p   citadel-mta                - complete and feature-rich groupware server (mail transport agent)
p   citadel-mta:i386           - complete and feature-rich groupware server (mail transport agent)
p   courier-mta                - Courier mail server - ESMTP daemon
p   courier-mta:i386           - Courier mail server - ESMTP daemon
p   dma                        - lightweight mail transport agent
p   dma:i386                   - lightweight mail transport agent
p   esmtp-run                  - user configurable relay-only MTA - the regular MTA
p   exim4-daemon-heavy         - Exim MTA (v4) daemon with extended features, including exiscan-acl
p   exim4-daemon-heavy:i386    - Exim MTA (v4) daemon with extended features, including exiscan-acl
p   exim4-daemon-light         - lightweight Exim MTA (v4) daemon
p   exim4-daemon-light:i386    - lightweight Exim MTA (v4) daemon
i   lsb-invalid-mta            - Linux Standard Base sendmail dummy
p   masqmail                   - mail transport agent for intermittently connected hosts
p   masqmail:i386              - mail transport agent for intermittently connected hosts
p   msmtp-mta                  - light SMTP client with support for server profiles - the regular MTA
p   nullmailer                 - simple relay-only mail transport agent
p   nullmailer:i386            - simple relay-only mail transport agent
p   opensmtpd                  - secure, reliable, lean, and easy-to configure SMTP server
p   opensmtpd:i386             - secure, reliable, lean, and easy-to configure SMTP server
p   postfix                    - High-performance mail transport agent
p   postfix:i386               - High-performance mail transport agent
p   qmail-run                  - sets up qmail as mail-transfer-agent
p   sendmail-bin               - powerful, efficient, and scalable Mail Transport Agent
p   sendmail-bin:i386          - powerful, efficient, and scalable Mail Transport Agent
p   ssmtp                      - extremely simple MTA to get mail off the system to a mail hub
p   ssmtp:i386                 - extremely simple MTA to get mail off the system to a mail hub


Although /etc/kde4/kdm/Xsession actually is used to load some of the user's shell configurations, it actually does not load ~/.zshenv explicitly (although a comment mentions that it is loaded). ~/.zshenv (as well as /etc/zshenv) are loaded automatically everytime a zsh starts up, this cannot be overridden. And as /etc/kde4/kdm/Xsession is run with your login shell - in your case zsh - ~/.zshenv is loaded, too, no matter what actually is done in /etc/kde4/kdm/Xsession.

And /etc/kde4/kdm/Xsession tries to load the user's configuration so that it is available to programs that are started via means other than command line shell (KDE menu, autostart, desktop icon, etc.).

As for preventing $PATH duplication this should do the trick: Instead of using something like PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin:/my/path/here:/another/path, use

new_paths=(/usr/local/bin /my/path/here /another/path)
path=($path ${new_path:|path})

new_path is an array of the paths you want to add. path is the array version of PATH, it has the same content but as actual array instead of colon-separated list. ${new_path:|path} is substituted by an array of the elements in new_path that are not already in path.


How much memory does Ubuntu Server on a VPS need?

You can see the minimum system requirements here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_%28operating_system%29#System_requirements

Installing from the CD requires a minimum of 256 MB of RAM.

But there is one operating system that comes to mind: puppy linux. Maybe that's an option.
People have succeeded in running Puppy with a 333MHz CPU and 64MB. To be comfortable 256MB RAM and a 512MB swap file will run smoother.


Is it possible to create local mirror or archive for Snaps?

Snaps are stored in /var/lib/snapd/snaps/. It should be sufficient to backup this folder.

If a system is rolled back, just copy the desired snaps to /var/lib/snapd/snaps/ and install the snap then, snapd will check if the snap already exists in the folder and doesn't need to download the snap again.

Remind that a snap may depend on other snaps, so maybe it's the best to restore the whole folder.

The reproducible way is below:

Install some snap to save it for reuse:

snap install hello-world
cd /var/lib/snapd/snaps
sudo chown $USER: *.snap
cp *.snap /some/place

Reuse the snap from cache

cd /some/place
snap install --dangerous ./core_6405.snap
snap install --dangerous ./hello-world_27.snap


If he is plugging in a USB, whether is is set up U3 or as a HID device, I believe it will always show up in dmesg.

As far as an unplug alert, you would essentially follow these udev rule instructions, substituting "add" for "remove"


apt-get error on kernel / dpkg on 14.04 LTS

After purging the package in question it seems to have resolved it:

$ sudo apt-get purge oem-audio-hda-daily-lts-xenial-dkms

Not sure why and how it broke in the first place.


This might be caused by not having the correct codecs installed. To be able to play DVDs on Ubuntu, there are a few things you need to do first:

Install ubuntu-restricted-extras, either through the software center or the terminal using the following command: sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
Install libdvdcss using the following command in the terminal:
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

You can read more about playing DVDs on the Community Help Wiki


how to make file keeps it's permissions even it got copied

A pure combination of webserver + wget cannot do this. You'll have to try other options.

You can:

Provide a tar archive of the file

On the server:

tar cf puppetconf.sh.tar puppetconf.sh

On the client:

wget 10.1.5.128/puppetconf.sh.tar -O - | tar x

Use scp/rsync to copy the file

You will need to have SSH installed on the server for this. Either of the following commands would do:

scp 10.1.5.128:/var/www/html/puppetconf.sh .
rsync -aP 10.1.5.128:/var/www/html/puppetconf.sh .


How to open a file in LibreOffice Writer from terminal and be back at terminal

Very simple:

libreoffice CV*.odt &

The & at the end tells the terminal to run it in the background.


apt-get does not find suggested package (perf tool)

You need to have both linux-tools and the kernel in the same version or it won't work:

sudo apt-get install linux-tools linux-generic
sudo reboot

If you are using mainline kernels you must compile perf against the mainline sources, otherwise it will not work.


upgrade refuses add or remove packages, even if they are required by or conflict with new versions of packages to be upgraded, thus, you must use dist-upgrade or you will end up with a partially upgraded system.


In this case Gedit seems to display data from stdin in a new "Unsaved document". To break the opened pipe:

  right click the Kmenu button -> edit applications -> find gedit there
  (for me that is "utilities") -> put gedit $1 < /dev/null in gedit
  command field -> save

Source: Gedit opening an “Unsaved document” on opening files with mouse.


Sometimes it happens that you try to update your own system while the Ubuntu archive itself is being updated. Such problems fix by themselves after a few hours or a day.


Delete files with no permissions (read, write and execute)

Within your data directory you can find a list of these files AND delete then easily.
This will return the list of files matching a "no access" permissions scheme for the file:
find . -type f -perm 000

(Translated into understandable terms, the 'find' command searches the current directory you are in . for files (type -f) to which your user executing the search has no permissions on)
Appending -exec rm {} \; to the end may remove the files.  However, make sure the files you find from the first command without the exec arg appended doesn't list files you need to keep (like git repository tracking data).
find . -type f -perm 000 -exec rm -f {} \;

... but be careful using a recursive deletion like this because you could delete things you need to have, and this will NOT prompt you before deleting each file - it'll just do it.
Note that if your user is not the owner of the files you will not be able to delete the files, so this will only work if your user is actually owner of those files.


this instruction work for me http://www.ubuntugeek.com/howto-install-nvidia-drivers-manually-on-ubuntu-10-04-lucid-lynx.html however to be safe I also change grub boot option /boot/grub/grub.cfg adding "nomodeset" for ubuntu loader section.


Ubuntu 20.04 on MacbookAir 2019/EFIBoot live not launching_Rebooting

After many researches, as of now, I only see 2 options to install Ubuntu on Macbook released after 2016 (notably mine MacbookAir8,1):

1) Install Ubuntu 18.04 by following the advices from this useful page :
https://gist.github.com/roadrunner2/1289542a748d9a104e7baec6a92f9cd7
2) Try to install 20.04 but sorry it seems not be an option for now, no solution find for me.

Thanks in advance


Keyboard Layout Failure (Symbols & Signs) - Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS

[SOLVED]

I didn't notice it until someone mentioned it in another post! This was an embarrassing fix!

On your keyboard right side to the Spacebar button there is a button named: [Alt Gr]
That key had got stuck so I just had to loosen it, after i did that everything went back to normal again. :)


Desktop icons are not visible when connecting 2nd monitor in Ubuntu 18.04

Problem fixed.

Built-in display is 15.4 inches and 2nd monitor is 27 inches. Aligning them horizontally or vertically brought the icons back to desktop.


How to change Tomboy's spell checking language

You can change the language in the context menu by clicking the RMB. Unfortunately, after Tomboy restarting language changes again to the original. And I join to the question - how to change the default language?

A similar discussion:
https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=336484#c16

  This bug isn't exactly fixed, but in gtkspell 2.0.15 there is a new
  Languages submenu in the right-click menu that allows you to change
  the language being used for spell-checking.

  We just need to be able to save that setting.


pyvenv-3.4 error: returned non-zero exit status 1

Unfortunately, 14.04 shipped with a broken pyvenv.  According to this launchpad thread the issue will be resolved in the upcoming 14.04-1

Using this method you can install a Pyvenv environment without pip and then manually install pip after the fact.

pyvenv-3.4 --without-pip myvenv
source ./myvenv/bin/activate
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-3.4.4.tar.gz
tar -vzxf setuptools-3.4.4.tar.gz
cd setuptools-3.4.4
python setup.py install
cd ..
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.6.tar.gz
tar -vzxf pip-1.5.6.tar.gz
cd pip-1.5.6
python setup.py install
cd ..
deactivate
source ./myvenv/bin/activate


How do I deploy the openstack-base bundle charms in juju to my MaaS machines

"Why doesn't it use my already deployed machine...?"

If something is previously deployed then Juju won't necessarily re-use it since the default is often one-service-per-node (installing to the "root" container, if you will).  You can, though, install into LXC containers and co-locate services on the same node which is likely what that bundle is doing.

  "Why doesn't it use my other nodes with Ready status...?"

The scheduler will select four nodes which have the correct architecture (Trusty, for example) and if the bundle has memory and/or processor requirements this also might filter which nodes it uses.

You might give all this some time.  Typically, it seems to go fast at first and will show up visually in the juju-gui console and still it's grinding away if you're watching "juju status" or "juju debug-log" to see what's going on.

After you have the stack up and running and juju status reports that everything is running (versus "pending" or "allocating" or whatever) then you're expected to add some nova-compute nodes, say, with a "juju add-unit nova-compute" perhaps.

In order to ssh into some of these nodes you'll want to make sure that you go into the MAAS console and add a keypair for this.  Then from your controller, perhaps, you would do "ssh ubuntu@nodename.domain" and credential using the shared secret from the keypair generation.  Once you're in that session with the node you could visit the /var/log/maas and /var/log/juju folders and review the logs there--they usually have the best insight into how your deployment went.

So the commissioning logs are basically the pre-charms stuff related to MAAS itself and not necessarily useful at this step.  They're the ones with /var/logs/maas/cloud.log in their file naming.  The deployment logs are more of what you should be after at this step.  They'll be the ones in the /var/log/juju folder like "unit-CHARMNAME-0.log" and these you can watch in realtime while the deployment is happening.

One big annonyance is that your ~/.ssh/known_hosts file will need to be managed as you deploy/delete/re-deploy the same nodes since they'll get new IP addresses.  To ssh this looks like a security problem.  You'll need to manually run pairs of commands like:

ssh-keygen -R nodename.domain
ssh-keygen -R 192.168.0.22

...when that "nodename" node has been re-deployed.


Install Oracle JDK 8 using this set of commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

Then restart firefox/chrome


How to use dictd as an offline dictionary in Ubuntu 14.04?

For others looking at this question, you may want to consider my new project:
https://github.com/mufeed20/pydict
It may just be what you are looking for but its in alpha. If possible, consider contributing.
Run 'pydict.py' in SFPD. This does not need you to install additional applications other than Python 3, dictd, dict-wn and python-gobject.


Error of taking Screenshot using Java Robot Class

Looks like you hit a segmentation fault in your Java Runtime:

I can't tell you exactly what you're problem is but I can tell you that somehow, the JRE tried to access, allocate, or deallocate memory that didn't belong to it as explained in the official documentation.

Start off by making sure that you have the latest version of the JRE, and that it is the correct one for your OS (also make sure 32 v 64 bit is correct).

If you can reliably reproduce the issue and it's on the latest version of the JRE that is correctly installed, I suggest that you raise an official bug report with Oracle.


Setting up graphics on Ubuntu for gaming

You would have to get an open source AMD GPU driver I believe since there is no more official support for the HD Radeon AMD GPUs on linux anymore (ever since 15.10 or 16.04).
Always use your AMD GPU over your integrated graphics, not to mention integrated graphics relies on your system RAM which is slower than your VRAM (unless you have a horribly unbalanced setup). Even modern Intel integrated graphics can't beat that card in gaming, you shouldn't have to do any kind of processing swapping like that except where the CPU and GPU are meant to exchange tasks, obviously.

Wish you the best of luck! :)


This is the relevant bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nautilus/+bug/886667 but there's been nothing new for over a month.

I have the problem too.


You can pay for Ubuntu when you're downloading it:

There would be no tax deductions and there cannot be because Canonical Inc., the company that makes Ubuntu, is a for-profit entity; you cannot donate money to it and have a tax deduction.


Can I use every .deb file, whatever my Ubuntu version or architecture?

I encountered the following two errors when trying to install .deb files:

Wrong architecture
Unmet dependencies

So no, sometimes if you want to install a Jaunty Package in Maverick (for example) it won't install, because it depends on an OLDER Version of a package than the Version available in Maverick. (however, there are tools to change dependecies-list within a deb file...)

I don't know about the architecture problem, as normally a 64-bit system should support 32bit binaries (however, I don't think it works the other way around)


Redirecting directories in home partition

The lower bound for write accesses to flash memory is said to be 100 000 cycles. So for most usages of your home partition, this means they are no problem.

How long do you need to write 16 GB to your home? If you fill the whole drive 30 times per day, you can repeat this procedure 10 years, where the price for such a storage will be about Nothing.

Do you have frequent write access for many, big files? In the end, only yourself can answer the question. The firefox-cache in /home/YOURNAME/.mozialla/firefox is something, which is changed frequently, but if it could be a problem depends on your surf habits.

find  /home/YOURNAME/.mozilla/firefox -mtime -1 -ls

will show you how many files and how big there are, younger than one day. Daily work on big, raw images could be another issue, but 100 000 writes are a lot, and sometimes it is said to be 5 000 000 writes.

If 95% of the drive is statically filled, and the dynamic writes/deletes happen to affect always the same 5% of the drive, the lifespan in only 5%.


This is discussed at length in this Firefox bug report (warning: it dates back 14 years!)

https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=69938

If you have it set so Firefox asks you for a save location, or if the download would trigger a dialog asking you what to do, then it will pop up a dialog asking you where to save.  But it will begin downloading even before you have chosen a save location.  This download will go into your temp folder.  Once you choose a save location, Firefox moves the file from the temp folder to the chosen location and then the download continues at that location instead of in your temp folder.

Your issue seems to be that you miss the dialog coming up because you're not present, and it tries to download the whole thing into the temp folder and fails because there's not enough space.

You can try changing your Firefox settings so it doesn't prompt you for a save location and instead goes into a downloads folder of your choice and this may fix it.


What does Ctrl + Alt + F10 do on Ubuntu 18.04?

These keys switch to virtual consoles, in as far as these are active. In a default installation of Ubuntu, no consoles are set up above Ctrl+Alt+F6, which is why you see nothing more than a blinking cursor after pressing that keyboard combination. Hit Ctrl+Alt+F2 or simply Alt+F2 to return to your graphical desktop. You have virtual consoles available on Ctrl+Alt+F3 up to F6.


Skype installation problem in Ubuntu 16.04.02 LTS

Follow the steps below:

1) Download deb package of skype from source (I'm taking from https://go.skype.com/skypeforlinux-64.deb)

2) Install GDebi package Installer from ubuntu software center or from command line.

3) Install the downloaded deb package of skype with GDebi package Installer.

Note: you can also try with dpkg -i  but sometimes it stucks in resolving dependencies so I prefer to go with GDebi package Installer.


How to correctly install Compiz on Xfce 4?

To answer this question for someone who is looking for the same explanation as myself:

When installing Compiz just by itself, it will use its own built-in gtk-window-decorator, meaning that the window title bars will vanish on the first start without further configuration and if enabling the window decoration, the default blue theme will be used.

I would advise to install/configure it in the following way without any additional PPAs or external window decorators:

Start by deactivating any compositors: In the Xfce options by unticking "compositing" in the window management settings or, if installed, by removing custom compositors such as Compton from the startup applications.
Open a terminal and enter: sudo apt install compiz compiz-plugins compizconfig-settings-manager dconf-editor (The Compiz-Plugins are also needed for additional functionality such as animations and the Cube, dconf-editor for setting up the original Xfce Greybird-theme or another installed theme.)
Press Alt+F2 and enter dconf-editor to open it, then change the "theme"-value to your theme, e.g. Greybird in org\gnome\desktop\wm\preferences.
You may also look for the "button-layout" value and move the window buttons to either side here. The value works as such left-button1,left-button2:right-button1,right-button2. So by simply entering the button names (minimize, maximize, close), the window buttons will be situated to either side in order, seperated by a comma.
Open the CompizConfig Settings Manager from the regular Xfce-settings menu under Extras and at least enable the following plugins: Composite, OpenGL, Window Decoration, Move Window, Resize Window, Place Windows. (You may also want to add such things as Grid for tiling windows and Application Switcher for alt-tabbing windows and so on.) Also make sure that four horizontal workspaces are enabled in the general settings when wanting to use the Cube plugin. To find out what plugins I could/should enable, I used the following sources: How To Set Up Compiz In Xubuntu, Compiz Fusion on Your Desktop: Howto Ubuntu (Video Series), Xubuntu + Compiz = Pretty pretty Xubuntu
Press Alt+F2 again and enter compiz --replace to find out if everything works correctly before adding it to the Autostart Applications or changing any statup system files. If there are any problems, a simple logout/reboot will deactivate it again.
You may have to use the command bash -c "sleep 2; compiz --replace" in the Autostart Applications, in case it doesn't start with compiz --replace alone.

[Edit] A few fixes, if you should need them:

If you situate a panel with the Whisker Menu at the bottom (Windows-like look), the menu will pop up a few pixels too high when using the Place Windows plugin. Just add a rule in the plugin settings for a fixed window placement for title=Whisker Menu and simply leave all settings on default.
When using newer GTK+ 3 programs like Gedit or GNOME Disks, Compiz will sometimes draw the window frame incorrectly (square, with space around it). This can be fixed by installing gtk3-nocsd from the official repository and rebooting to force traditional window styling.


You can check this solution:.
http://www.linuxuser.co.uk/tutorials/unattended-ubuntu-installations


onscreen annotation software for Ubuntu 16.04 with i3wm?

I use xmonad rather than i3, but perhaps it's a similar solution:

I was able to get it working with gromit-mpx by specifying a key that I was able to type, in this case F9:

gromit-mpx --key "F9"

Then pressing F9, my cursor changed to a crosshair, and I was able to annotate my screen; right click acts as an eraser.

Screenshot of gromit-mpx successfully annotating on xmonad:


This worked in 11.04 so it's worth a try. Open up classic-gnome.session the example below uses nano to edit the file.

sudo nano /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/classic-gnome.session

and change these two lines

Required=windowmanager;panel;filemanager;
Required-panel=gnome-panel

to this

Required=windowmanager;filemanager;
#Required-panel=gnome-panel

Then log out and back in.

Reference Links:

http://www.torypages.com/blog/?p=819

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1740597


How do I join a Windows Active Directory?

There are two ways: using Samba and Winbind or LikewiseOpen.

Samba

Samba is more robust and used way more the like wise is. It requires you to edit settings in text files to set up. It may work better for a large lab set up once you have it working. I use this to share files across computers on our windows network at work. There are GUI application (gadmin) that allow you to edit the config but most tutorials give examples on editing the text file.

Using samba here are a number of ways:

Samba Active Directory Integration
https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/serverguide/C/windows-networking.html
http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/domain-member.html

LivewiseOpen

LikewiseOpen is trying to be easy and simple and provides a nice GUI interfaces to change settings. I have not got it to work but I would try Likewise open first. They also have an enterprise option if you would like to pay for support.

Using LikewiseOpen:

LikewiseOpen and Ubuntu 10.03


Is there an equivalent program to the windows explorer for Ubuntu?

I'd recommend Thunar.

You can get the tree view in the side panel by just setting this mode in View -> Side Pane -> Tree:


Qt installing error (error while loading shared libraries: libfontconfig.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory)

Two moments here:

Qt Creator 4.5.2 may be installed as deb-package as simple as

sudo apt-get install qtcreator

The binary installer is 32-bit, so you need to install needed 32-bit library with:

sudo apt-get install libfontconfig1:i386


I'm not sure it works on Ubuntu 14.04 but there is a package named printer-driver-splix which seems to contain a driver for your printer

apt-get install printer-driver-splix

The Dell 1130 use a Samsung driver certainly have to select ML-2525 when you will install your printer.


Difference between directory and file paths for symlink and hardlink in Linux

There is no need to name symlinks to files and folders differently, unless it helps you organize your files. In short, there's nothing wrong with what you have done so far.


Yes, Bino. It can display the videos in even/odd rows (or other options for different 3D displays) so you don't actually need to set the display to 3D mode, and it can display subtitles. At least... it supposedly can show subtitles, I can't seem to get a .srt file working with it at the moment, but it shows options for subtitle display.


How do I fix Ubuntu after using "sudo apt-get -remove pm-utils --purge"?

Try these at login terminal ( Ctrl+F1)

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

also check the logs at ~/.xsession-errors and /var/log/Xorg.0.log


with the same name so the process that is writing on the file will not be interrupted.

cp file file.new && > file

will copy the file over to file.new and then empty the file. (don't use rm as that could crash your process).

You should use logrotate to have the system itself make compressed log files at certain events (certain size reached or a daily compression) See How to prevent logs from getting too big? for more on that.


Where are the stock-icon-names defined for the unity-panel-service indicators and notify-OSD?

notify-send uses icon from the /usr/share/icons/gnome/32x32 (& also /usr/share/notify-osd/icons/...)

devav2@devav2:/usr/share/icons/gnome/32x32$ ls
actions     apps        devices  emotes     places
animations  categories  emblems  mimetypes  status

Above results are the different icons sets available for notify-send

devav2@devav2:/usr/share/icons/gnome/32x32$ ls emotes/
face-angel.png        face-sad.png         stock_smiley-13.png
face-angry.png        face-sick.png        stock_smiley-15.png
face-cool.png         face-smile-big.png   stock_smiley-18.png
face-crying.png       face-smile.png       stock_smiley-1.png
face-devilish.png     face-smirk.png       stock_smiley-22.png
face-embarrassed.png  face-surprise.png    stock_smiley-2.png
face-glasses.png      face-tired.png       stock_smiley-3.png
face-kiss.png         face-uncertain.png   stock_smiley-4.png
face-laugh.png        face-wink.png        stock_smiley-5.png
face-monkey.png       face-worried.png     stock_smiley-6.png
face-plain.png        stock_smiley-10.png  stock_smiley-7.png
face-raspberry.png    stock_smiley-11.png  stock_smiley-8.png

Example:

notify-send -i face-glasses "I am wearing glasses"
notify-send -i face-laugh "I am happy"

You can use the stock icons from other directories as well (devices,places, etc)

Apart from this you can use custom locations for icons

Example: notify-send -i /usr/share/pixmaps/gnome-irc.png "Icon Test"


As long as nothing was mounted to it, /mnt is just a directory like any other.

Run sudo mkdir -m 755 /mnt to recreate it with default permissions.


THe issue is , When the cable is unplugged, the netplan never do a config, Is waiting for a plugg in. Its all, Thanks for your reading


Please amend your file to add DNS nameservers:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 198.162.2.7
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 198.162.2.1
dns-nameservers 192.168.2.1 8.8.8.8

Restart the interface:

sudo ifdown eth0 && sudo ifup -v eth0

Check:

ping -c3 www.ubuntu.com


\#!/bin/sh

I don't know where those backslashes come from, but if they are actually in your 40_custom then they don't belong there and you should remove them.

The component in Grub that automatically includes other distributions boot settings is called os-prober, but Android x86 appears to be not included in the set of known distributions.

Note that 4.4-r4 and Android M have been announced on android-x86.org


ssh may be "socket activated" by systemd depending on configuration, which means that initially it is systemd that sets up the listening port, and sshd is only started when a client first connects. This is to speed up startup time: service daemons are only started on demand.

However this means that you must also configure systemd to the matching port. You'll find the system configuration in /lib/systemd/system/ssh.socket which lists ListenStream=22. To override this, create a file /etc/systemd/system/ssh.socket.d/port.conf (creating the directory ssh.socket.d if needed) that contains:

[Socket]
ListenStream=
ListenStream=54747

Change the number to the port desired. The first blank entry erases the previous default, and the subsequent entry adds the new one. This overrides the default shipped in /lib/systemd/system/ssh.socket and must be done in addition to changing /etc/ssh/sshd_config.

Then run sudo systemctl daemon-reload to tell systemd about your changes, and sudo systemctl reload ssh if your ssh daemon was previously running.


I'm assuming you have a UEFI capable system.
Select /dev/neme0n1.
Note, when you select this, the installer is intelligent enough to install the boot loader to the correct partition. In your case, it will be /dev/nvme0n1p1 and this partition will be mounted as /boot/efi in Ubuntu.


Possibility of inconsistencies in backups across LVM logical volume snapshots

Create snapshots for both filesystems at the same time.


How to set my Internet connection's default to HSDPA?

Click on the Internet Connection icon on the panel. Click on Edit Connections. Click on the name of your mobile connection and click edit. Then under Mobile Broadband there is , Advanced option there you can change the type of connection, 2G, 3G and 4G.

When it come to Ubuntu there's so much more option to choose from. Hope it help you too.


My HP Pavilion DV6 laptop overheats on ubuntu but not on win7

Run the command sudo cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.backup
Run the command gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub
Make sure you do not see noacpi (set it to acpi or delete it, depending on where it is), pci=noacpi (set it to pci=acpi), or acpi=off (set it to acpi=on)
Reboot and see if it helps.

Basically, you set Ubuntu to use acpi to control the hardware, which generally fixes overheating. If your computer does not boot, revert /etc/default/grub to /etc/default/grub.backup.


problem installing software for ubuntu 13.04

This:

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open

Tells us that the something like apt-get is being used/is busy.

This may be caused by  update-manager is installing updates when you tried to install the flashplugin-installer, or that there is other software installing and using apt-get.

Multiple actions with apt-get can't be done simultaneously, because it will require the actions to use the same path, so you must wait for the other actions to finish before installing. If this problem occurs for a long time, try to reboot your computer, that may help.

If not, you should edit your question, and add that you have done this, and i will help you out to clean up, in order to make it work again.


Which command to look the path to a server

Two commands come to mind, though there are likely a ton more:

First, DNS Server:

nslookup www.google.com

This command will output the DNS server, and a list of ip addresses that have been found that translate to www.google.com.

Second command, is the one you want to determine route, is:

traceroute www.gooogle.com

it does not show hops, though you are able to set the max number of hops.


sudo apt-get install -f aborts when i key in "Y" or "yes"

As @steeldriver comments, y is not the phrase Yes, do as I say!

It seems that the action you are trying to make could potentially damage your system by removing important packages. In the apt output you can read:

The following packages will be REMOVED:
  apt apt-transport-https apt-utils code packages-microsoft-prod
  ttf-mscorefonts-installer ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-minimal
  ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk update-manager update-notifier
  update-notifier-common

apt is making sure you want remove apt. If this is what you want to do and know how to fix it in case it is not, then you can continue.


How can we useTeamviewer 9 on Kubuntu 18.04?

Although I don't know the exact source of the problem, I seems to be a combination of Linux, Teamviewer and libraries (dependencies) version. I tried different combinations and I have verified:

Any 12xxx_amd64 fails.
On Vanilla Ubuntu 18.04.1 and 18.04.1 server with Cinnamon
12.0.137452_i386 is OK, while 12.0.71510_i386 and 12.0.85001_i386 do not work.
On Kubuntu 18.04 (Plasma 5.12.6) 12.0.93330_i386 works, all other 12 don't.
13.0.26559 (both amd64 and i386) works in both cases.

Bottom line: I suggest you try different subversions.


How could we connect ODBC to ubuntu 14.04

Yes, there is.  Via unixODBC you can connect to multiple databases on your network (Access, MSSQL, Mysql, Oracle,...).  They may reside on your own computer as well as on remote computers (be it under windows or linux).
Have a look at unixODBC


Try:

sudo ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com

Yes, it would certainly mess with the SSL certificates, because they would be future-dated.

I doubt it's a bug in Ubuntu. Your CMOS clock in the BIOS must have been set to that somehow.


Can you walk me through how to download and install Windows?

If your computer supports booting from a USB drive you can buy a Windows 10 installation USB straight from the Microsoft online store. Then all you do is stick the drive in a USB port on your computer, turn it on, and the windows installation will start, all you have to do is answer a few questions about your username, etc... Before you do that though you will want to copy all of your data you want to save off of your ubuntu machine onto a flash drive or external hard drive as the windows installation will erase the hard drive to install windows on it.

After installing Windows, you will need to download any missing driver's from HP's website.


Want to remove Windows 7 and retain Ubuntu istallation

First of all, install GParted from the Ubuntu repositories.

And then you can just identify the Windows partition (usually, it'll have the NTFS file system), and format it.

I'd suggest to format it to your Ubuntu's file system, and then you can merge both partitions, to extend Ubuntu's free space...


First install dconf-tools, if you don't have it already installed.

Then open dconf-editor (search for it in the Dash) and browse to com → canonical → unity → launcher, and edit the favorites field by removing the , 'unity://expo-icon' string:

After this, your Workspace Switcher icon will disappear from the launcher.

For mounted hard-drives and USB-pens, just right click on their icons and select Unlock from Launcher:

See also:

How can I remove launcher drive icons?


Can't print colors after upgrading to Ubuntu 14.04

Without Internet Connection, driver download will be failed. But this is the trick to let the system uses Gutenprint drive


What are the default games that come with a desktop installation?

Mahjongg
Sudoku
AisleRiot Solitaire
FreeCell Solitaire
Mines

These are the ones my fresh installation of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS came with.

Edit: Here's an article on some of the games Ubuntu used to ship with.


systemctl: command not found on ubuntu 16.04

First you need to check if systemd package is installed - sudo dpkg -l | grep systemd.
If not then install it by hands sudo apt-get install systemd. But if it does it might be damaged, so you may try to reinstall it sudo apt-get install --reinstall systemd.
If the package is installed, even after reinstallation it does not work, list the full path of the files inside this package sudo dpkg -L systemd. Maybe binary files are located in a directory that is not included into $PATH variable.


This is an old post, but I found that the comment from Lee in this link helps.  The file referred to by Lee can be found as /lib/udev/rules.d/50-udev-default.rules in Precise Pangolin


Unable to start mysql , if provided data directory exist on ntfs file stystem

After changing the data directory you need to change the Apparmor settings to solve the permission issue

Open /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld
Comment out /var/lib/mysql/ r,
            /var/lib/mysql/** rwk,
Then /mnt/01D0900CA5E8F760/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQLServer5.6/ r,
      /mnt/01D0900CA5E8F760/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQLServer5.6/** rwk,
Also see to it that the permissions are properly given to the data directories.
Try to restart the MySQL service again.


My PC doesn't want to make a final rebooting to end up the installation of Ubuntu 16.04

SysRq R E I S U B - graceful reboot

Sometimes, at the very end of the installation, the system justs hangs, does not reboot, does not shut down. This can be caused by a 'race condition', that things cannot be done in the correct sequence.

When this happens it might help with the SysRq R E I S U B method. This causes the computer to reboot gracefully (if it can listen to the request).

See more details in the following link and links from it,

Restart Ubuntu via keyboard

  SysRq is often on the PrintScreen key:

  Press Alt + PrintScreen continuously, sometimes
  the Fn key is involved too (in laptops),

  and then slowly (one key after another) the keys R
  E I S U B to
  reboot.

  When you press the 'letter keys' you need not specify caps lock or
  shift.


How do I install two independent Ubuntu installations on a single hard drive with UEFI?

I have two suggestions...

Option #1: Separate ESPs

Under EFI, the boot loader resides on "the" EFI System Partition (ESP). I put the word "the" in quotation marks because there's no rule that says you're limited to one ESP. If you create two ESPs on your hard disk, you can use one of them for your first installation and the second ESP for the second installation. This should work pretty seamlessly, although you'll have to create your partitions manually (using the "Something Else" option during installation), at least for your second Ubuntu installation.

One problem with this approach is that, although the EFI specification explicitly states that you can create as many ESPs as you like, some software might become confused by it. One prominent example of this is the Windows installer, at least through Windows 7 (I don't know about Windows 8 or later); when the Windows 7 installer sees a disk with two ESP, it flakes out and does weird things. IIRC, it doesn't complete its own installation properly. It's conceivable that Windows repair tools would suffer from the same problem. If you're not booting Windows on this system, this shouldn't be a big deal. If you are booting with Windows, you should simply be aware of the problem, because you can easily overcome it by temporarily changing the type code of the non-Windows ESP(s) if you run into problems. Note that Windows will boot just fine on a disk with multiple ESPs; it's just the installer that chokes on such disks.

Another issue is how you'd switch between your two distributions. You might need to customize one or both of your installations' GRUB setups using a tool like GRUB Customizer. Another (but not incompatible) option would be to use your firmware's own boot manager to switch between your two GRUB installations, and use each one to boot just its own version of Ubuntu.

Option #2: Abandon GRUB (or at least Ubuntu's GRUB tools)

The problem with GRUB for your situation is that you've got two installations and the GRUB maintenance tools are likely to become confused by that configuration. This observation leads to the obvious solution that you should simply not use those tools. There are several other EFI boot loaders for Linux, most of which are easier to manually maintain than GRUB. You could set up ELILO, SYSLINUX, Fedora's patched GRUB Legacy, gummiboot, or rEFInd and manage both your installations manually. In fact, because rEFInd detects kernels whenever it boots, rEFInd should be close to no-maintenance, once it's set up. Alternatively, but in a similar vein, you could hand-edit your grub.cfg file to do what you want, rather than rely on the GRUB setup scripts.

Aside from rEFInd, all of these tools will require you to make configuration changes whenever you update a kernel, which will be a drag. There's also the question of when and how to install the extra boot program. I'd probably put it off until after your second Ubuntu installation, since each installation will register its own copy of GRUB as the default boot loader, and you want to override that default.

Note also that none of these tools can read a kernel from an encrypted filesystem or from an LVM, so you'll need to have a separate unencrypted /boot partition for each of your Ubuntu installations. This is the way most instructions I've seen say to set up an encrypted Ubuntu installation anyhow, so it's probably not a big deal unless you want to play on the "bleeding edge" of disk encryption.

Some EFI boot loaders have additional specific partitioning or filesystem requirements. Most notably, ELILO, SYSLINUX, and gummiboot all require the kernel to reside on a FAT partition, and the ESP works best for this. You can do this by mounting the ESP at /boot, but this is an iffy solution in Ubuntu because some package updates require symbolic links. You'd also have trouble doing this with two separate Ubuntu installations because they'd both try to claim the same files. (In this case, "the ESP" really means "the partition from which the boot loader ran," so you can have just one ESP in this case.) GRUB Legacy and rEFInd are more flexible about this.

My Recommendation

Personally, I'd use rEFInd for this -- but as I maintain rEFInd, I'm not exactly unbiased. In fact, I've got a computer that multi-boots between three Ubuntu installations, and rEFInd switches between them just fine. This particular system doesn't use encryption, but I doubt if that will cause any new problems from rEFInd's perspective.

That said, separate ESPs should work fine, too, with the caveat that you might need to use GRUB Customizer to tweak the settings of at least one of those GRUB copies.


You might want to give legacy mode a shot. Usually you would able to find these settings under one-time boot menu, based on the manual document I found on Internet, you should able to enter the bios menu by pressing volume button during powering on.

After switch to legacy mode you will should boot with the same 32-bit live usb/cd you created before.

But if you still thinking to use uefi mode or not able to find legacy mode, see this answer about 32-Bit UEFI Boot Support first.


Looks like 2 things happened when you computer froze (what a bad timing!):

Some of your root partition got corrupted, and the disk needs to be checked.
Thus, Ubuntu mounted it in ready only, for safety. And that's why dpkg can't work properly.

So let's fix these issues, one at a time:

Boot using a Live CD / USB
Once in the Live Session, use gparted, disk tools, etc, to find what device your Ubuntu partition is. It will probably be /dev/sda1, but it can be different, specially if you dual boot with windows.
Now issue this command in the terminal:

sudo fsck /dev/sdX0
(replace sdX0 for your actual device, like sda1)

Is it OK now? Great. Now for dpkg:

Reboot and, in grub menu, select recovery mode, and then, once it loads a menu (will take a while) drop to a root shell
Issue this command:

mount -o remount,rw / && dpkg --configure -a
Reboot. You should be fine now.

If anything is still not fine after these steps, please describe all steps you did and what exactly error messages appeared (if any), and what is not working properly

Good luck!


Prefix the command with sudo. This gives you Administrative permissions for one command (runs it as the root user). You will be prompted for your user password.

Run:

sudo apt-get install git

More information on sudo here

Note: You may also temporarily log in as root by typing sudo su

UPDATE

Since the OP posted new information with a different error:

Only one instance of the package manager/updater can be running at one time. Make sure you have no other terminals trying to install software, or that your Software Updater isn't trying to install updates. Best way to make sure of this if you're not sure is to restart, then run the command in the terminal before you do anything else.

UPDATE 2

git-core is now an obsolete package in the PPA. The package has been renamed to simply git. I have updated my answer and link accordingly.


Can you change the look of 12.04 to that of 11.10?

Does it not already? Ubuntu 11.10 had Unity by default, and the applications lens of the dash hasn't really changed. The only big difference I can see is that 12.04 no longer has the "home" screen of the dash. It just defaults to recent search results, I think.


From man ext4:

data={journal|ordered|writeback}
              Specifies the journaling mode for file data.  Metadata is always
              journaled.  To use modes other than ordered on the root filesys‐
              tem, pass the mode to the kernel as boot parameter,  e.g.  root‐
              flags=data=journal.

Remove data=ordered from your fstab-line and edit /etc/default/grub instead.
In /etc/default/grub change the line

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash root‐flags=data=journal"

run sudo update-grub and reboot.


NVIDIA Additional Drivers Empty - maximum resolution 640x480 - Driver disappears

Does your Laptop provide Nvidia Optimus Technology? If you have Nvidia Optimus technology in your laptop, you have, according to the Project Bumblebee FAQ, two options:

1) Check your system bios for an option to permanently switch to your nvidia graphics card

2) If your bios does not provide this feature you can use a solution named bumblebee. You can find all necessary background information about nvidia optimus technology and bumblebee project here. if you want to use bumblebee, you find the installation routine here.

Hope this helps


You cannot disable the keyring. Evolution requires gnome-keyring, as that is where it stores the password secrets for your accounts. Whomever warned you to not use keyring utilities is very misguided. There's a difference between the local keyring on your device, and a cloud based keyring service. The latter can be risky because there is no clear answer as to how a proprietary service is protecting your data.

To stop it asking for your password all the time, go to the Account settings for your account, switch to the Receiving Options, and ensure that the option to Check for new messages every XX minutes is disabled. You may also want to disable the Use Quick Resync if the server supports it and Listen for server change notifications options.


Advantages & Disadvantages of Cairo, TKinter and Pygame in Python?

I have no experience of the first two examples you give, but it's certainly possible, and indeed relatively easy, using cairo. Using Python, you can hook it up with PyCairo and GTK3.

The general idea would be to create a GTK DrawingArea and use the cairo context to draw what you want. Here's the shortest snippet I can come up with to give you the general idea:

#!/usr/bin/env python
from gi.repository import Gtk

def draw(widget, ctx):
    ctx.set_source_rgba(1.0,0.0,0.0,1.0)
    ctx.move_to(0,0)
    ctx.rel_line_to(100.0,100.0)
    ctx.stroke()

win = Gtk.Window()
da = Gtk.DrawingArea()
win.add(da)
win.connect("delete-event", Gtk.main_quit)
da.connect("draw", draw)
win.show_all()
Gtk.main()

You could use Glade to handle building the GUI. If you felt so inclined, you could even use Quickly (sudo apt-get install quickly, getting started) to help get you started... quickly! Then it becomes as easy as quickly design, quickly edit, quickly run. Granted, it's a long way from a fully developed IDE experience such as VS (shudders), or Eclipse, but for this sort of scripting it's okay.

Unfortunately, documentation is rather patchy for GTK3 under Python, since almost all the docs are for C/CPP. There are however various basic tutorials on the web to get you started, and it's generally quite easy to figure things out.

Also, be aware that since GTK3 has been rolled out, PyGTK is essentially defunct; but a lot of documentation for it still exists on the web, and it's not always made explicitly clear that it relates to PyGTK instead of GTK3. Keep an eye out for that to ensure you don't lose time heading down the wrong path! Remember: PyGTK imports gtk,gdk,gobject; whilst GTK3 goes through gi.


How to get BURG on 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal)

You'll have to go into Software Sources. Open the dash and type software. Software Sources will pop up in the dash; click to open it.

Click on the Other Software tab and you will see the BURG PPAs towards the bottom of the field.

Click on the first entry (the one without '(Source Code)' at the end). Then click edit below the list box. The Edit dialog will appear.

Change the quantal entry in the Distribution field to precise. This is to use the binaries for 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin).

Save, and do the steps above for the source code entry. Save that, and then run this command in a terminal:

sudo apt-get update

That should then make Ubuntu use the Precise repositories for BURG. Then just install burg with your commands.

Hope this helps!


Where do I find the random generated password after the phpmyadmin installation?

You can reset the root password of your phpmyadmin by following theses steps:
Resetting forgotten phpmyadmin password
(sorry for bad english! :-D)


If you're using GRUB (installed by default when you're installing Kubuntu alongside Windows), try using grub-customizer

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer


I found a combination of these answers is currently working for me. If I restart without the --touch-devices flag and then I navigate to chrome://restart, I get working touch.

I should note that that does not appear to include any kind of window controls (I can't drag the window around or resize it with touch), but it does fix scrolling, clicking links, clicking in the location bar, etc.


The jobs specified in /etc/crontab are running at the wong time, why?

So the problem was in fact that anacron was running the jobs, not cron.
Anacron, which is installed on desktop machines, but NOT on servers by default (/etc/cron.d/anacron) runs the daily jobs at 0730.


You could use
$ IFS='-' read -ra PARTS <<< 0.2.0-123-g9e17591
$ echo ${PARTS[*]}

to split the string into array PARTS, with - as a field separator, and then check the results.
Then you could proceed similarly with the first element of array PARTS
$ IFS='.' read -ra PARTS2 <<< ${PARTS[0]}
$ echo ${PARTS2[*]}

Repeat the operation as needed.
Sources

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/918886/how-do-i-split-a-string-on-a-delimiter-in-bash
http://www.masteringunixshell.net/qa3/bash-how-to-echo-array.html
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15685736/how-to-extract-a-particular-element-from-an-array-in-bash


isc-dhcp-server problem when changing subnet IP net

what do you mean:

  DHCP doesn't work

Different symptom references to different issues.
There can be many possible problems likely on routing or interface state or configuration.

Try dhcpd -d *interface* on server or dhclient -d *interface* on client, maybe cat /var/log/syslog | grep DHC* to check whether packets are sent successfully, or try ip route show' ,ip neigh show` then(not sure it would help, but since I dont have enough reputation to comment, I have to answer). Hope it helps.


How Reliable is Virtual Machine GCC Binaries

Your concerns are overestimated:

  Upgrading virtualbox to version 4.1.8r75467 resolved the issue.

Ubuntu have more than 3 years and VirtualBox is 2 (3?) versions ahead. So, there shouldn't be problems.

BTW, you don't need a 32-bit machine to compile 32-bits binaries, since Ubuntu supports multiarch, you only need to install the 32-bit counter-part of the libraries, example:

You need to compile something using openssl in 32 and 64 bits, you can use export CFLAGS=-m32 or -m32 (depends the compiler, I'm using gcc), but, what about the libraries? Install them using :i386 in apt

 sudo apt-get install openssl-dev:i386
 gcc -m32 -o program program.c

That will produce your 32-bit program in a 64-bit system.

Related:

https://stackoverflow.com/q/1272357/792066
https://askubuntu.com/a/359184/169736