Can I Mark My External HDD As Unbootable?

It is definitely possible to change whether a drive is mounted at startup or not without making any changes to BIOS.  I would consider, however, whether the concern about "boot[ing] from my external drive" is warranted.  When it comes to booting the PC, either a bootable operating system is found on the particular drive and, as such, is booted or it is not.  Nothing is hurt by this check at startup time.  I should also point out that booting off a drive and mounting that drive in an operating system booted from another drive are unrelated -- the occurrence of the latter does not indicate the occurrence of the former.

If you really feel like you want to disable this mounting at startup, however, there are two ways that the drive may be mounted.  One is through the more traditional /etc/fstab file.  I would first check the /etc/fstab file and remove the line that mounts the secondary drive, if it exists.  A quick Google search returned this guide, but many others exist.

The second way it may be mounted (and disabled from doing so) is through the Disks utility.  In the Disks utility, click the drive for which you want to disable the automatic mount, click the partition on that drive that is being mounted, click the gear icon, and click "Edit Mount Options."  This video could be helpful in seeing where the options exist to enable and disable the mounting.

Hope this helps!


Google-talkplugin not working in Ubuntu 12.04 64bit

It works for me in Chrome but I had to enable all plugins: Settings->Privacy->Content Settings->Plugins->Run Automatically. I set this when I want to make a call, then set to to "Click To Play" when browsing the web.

I have not tried Firefox so I can't help you there.


Install GF119M [Quadro NVS 4200M] (rev a1) drivers correctly

try a newer version of the driver, i not sure about 304-version as in current does support your video-card.

sudo apt-get install nvidia-310 nvidia-settings-310

or try latest 313

sudo apt-get install nvidia-313-updates nvidia-settings-313-updates

which both should be in the 13.04 repositories.

or use stable mein drivers from x-updates ppa:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
sudo apt-get update

and install latest drivers from this ppa


image sizes width and height - how to view

Try the comand imgsize

imgsize *.jpg

And if necessary order it by width|

imgsize *.jpg | sort -k2Vr

(sudo apt-get install libimage-size-perl if necessary)


Why doesn't auto complete work in my shell?

sh is provided by dash in Ubuntu. Many shells, including bash and zsh, have sophisticated features for easy interactive use. dash is deliberately quite minimal and does not offer such features. In particular, it does not offer tab completion.

Even stripped-down Ubuntu systems typically have bash installed because it is considered an essential package--we're supposed to be able to assume it is present even outside the case where another package depends on it. Typically bash is the default user shell on Ubuntu--that is, the login shell new users get by default--though this can be reconfigured.

I recommend you use bash or another shell that is nice to use interactively. You can see if bash is available in that VM by running:

bash

Assuming your $PATH is set reasonably, that will run bash if it is available. You can make sure that tab completion works in bash--it should, but there's no reason not to check--and then get tab completion in the future through one of two approaches:

You can just run bash when you want tab completion and other bash features.
You can change your user account's login shell to bash with the chsh command.

Note that there is a separate package called bash-completion which is also usually installed. This provides programmable tab completion--that is, tab completion that varies by context and, for example, knows about the flags and other syntax of commands. It's possible to have bash installed but not bash-completion.

(To find out if any particular package--bash, bash-completion, or anything else--is installed you can use apt list package-name. For more information about a package you can use apt show package-name and apt policy package-name.)


Internet connection stops after one interface is down in Ubuntu Server

I have managed to fix that my installing network-manager and using it to manage my connections.
Apart from that I still don't know how to fix this behavior without installing external or lightweighter packages than NetworkManager.


Help configure multiple network interfaces

In VMware Workstation goto Edit > Virtual Network Editor then click on VMnet8 which should be your NAT adapter.

Then click on NAT settings, this will bring up a menu that will tell you what your NAT adapter gateway is (you will need that).

Once you have that you will need to then add a static route for your VPN subnet like so:

route add -net 10.1.50.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 gw 192.168.222.2

The syntax is:

route add -net $WORK-NETWORK netmask $NETMASK gw $NAT-ADAPTER-GW

Both networks should now be reachable from the VM.

If you want to add the route so it persists upon reboot you will then need to edit /etc/network/interfaces and add

# static route
post-up route add -net 10.1.50.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 gw 192.168.222.2 dev eth1


How can I remove the "bubble/round square" around the icons and the dash icon?

The files are:

launcher_icon_shadow_62.png
launcher_icon_back_54.png
launcher_icon_edge_54.png
launcher_icon_glow_62.png
launcher_icon_shine_54.png
squircle* (all files beginning with 'squircle')


How to sort by type and then by modified in Nautilus?

Figured it out in the end.

Click on location options (top right hand corner) and then preferences.

On the view tab select "By modification date" in the drop down menu and check the "sort folders before files"


Starting with ubuntu-html5-theme package version 14.04.20140123-ppa2 (Trusty), one can launch the HTML5 app with the --inspector argument added. (This can be added to the ubuntu-html5-app-launcher command in the shell and by setting the run configuration in the SDK).

With the --inspector argument, the app's shell output shows an IP address and port. You can open this URL in a WebKit browser (chromium-browser, for example) and you will see an "inspectable view" that includes a JavaScript console that you can use to see warnings, errors, and to debug. This allows you to use browser-based HTML tools you may already be familiar with.

Here's an example launching the app from the shell:

$ ubuntu-html5-app-launcher --www=HTML5_APP_PROJECT_DIR --inspector

Here is the part of the output with the URL that you need to find:

Inspector server started successfully. Try pointing a WebKit browser to  http://192.168.1.105:9221

As noted, you can also configure the Ubuntu SDK to do the same thing. Check out the  Projects > Run Settings area and configure the Run Configuration like this:


Install linux to hard drive from live partition

I do that but have ISO on another drive. Not sure if your partition is in extended partition if you can unmount during install (it asks but do not know if it really works.

I just copy ISO to partition in a /ISO folder and use grub2's loop mount feature to directly boot the ISO.

This will boot an ISO from a hard drive.

ISO Booting with Grub 2 from Hard drive

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot

Examples - you may copy & edit for your path & ISO version

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot/Examples


How to check the Nvidia Video Memory in Ubuntu 17.10?

First install the nvidia additional driver and then you will see all details informations about your video cards with the nvidia tools:

Usually it is installed with driver, you can launch it from menu, it is named NVIDIA X Server Settings.


SoftEther VPN Server returning error. "Error occurred. (Error code: 1) Connection to the server failed. Check network connection ...."

Make sure your VPN is running:

  sudo ./vpnclient start

It's very critical!
Thank you


The "error" you are getting is actually correct. Mac OS X cannot read the ext* family of file systems - it doesn't have the drivers. So after the dd, you can eject the USB and carry on.


How do I turn off calendar notifications in ubuntu touch?

This issue is already known. In oder to bring about a speedy fix, I recommend heading over to Launchpad and mark the bug as affecting you too and also subscribe to it. This will increase the 'heat' for this issue and hopefully we can have it fixed soon.

As a (unsatisfactory) work around I resolved to not use notifications in my calendar events for the time being. :(

[calendar] Reminder notifications are not integrated into system notifications


How do I uncompress a tarball that uses .xz?

Ubuntu includes GNU tar, which recognizes the format by itself! One command works with any supported compression method, per the manual.

tar xf archive.tar.xz
tar xf archive.tar.gz
tar xf archive.tar

etc. If tar gives a Cannot exec error, you may need to sudo apt install xz-utils first.


Will the deleted browser history be stored in File-system?

Unfortunately (I'm guessing you were hoping to recover?) this information is completely deleted when you clear it. The way linux filesystems (most of them, such as ext4) work, the data is actually deleted, though not wiped. You would not be able to retrieve this data yourself. Maybe someone who is an expert in file recovery could potentially recover the data.

There is an option for you to backup your history, but I would suggest you ask a new question for that (if that is what you are hoping to do in the future, as you did not state it).


Which application binds a keyboard shortcut

Here are two interesting resources for your answer : Configure custom keyboard shortcuts on Ubuntu and Assign Custom Shortcut Keys on Ubuntu Linux

I wonder why you haven't googled it for this question! However, hope this helps and best of luck. Please report here if you find it not useful (better is voting down) or vice versa.


Access key ID error when deploying with juju-core on non-ec2 ec2 clouds

Well it seems the answer was in the juju-core README file which I didn't read well enough:

  --upload-tools

  The juju client program, and the juju 'tools' are deployed in
  lockstep. When a release of juju-core is made, the compiled tools
  matching that version of juju are extracted and uploaded to a known
  location. This consumes a release version number, and implies that no
  tools are available for the next, development, version of juju.
  Therefore, when using the development version of juju you will need to
  pass an additional flag, --upload-tools to instruct the juju
  client to build a set of tools from source and upload them to the
  environment as part of the bootstrap process.

Since I had built my own version to get GreenQloud as an AWS "region", I needed to include this parameter. The AWS error message is kinda weird, but anyway it disappeared after I included this parameter.

Now I'm faced with error: cannot start bootstrap instance: no instance types found in greenqloud but that is a different story :)


Windows 7 over Ubuntu without a CD Drive

First make a backup of your flashdrive's files on another computer

Secondly download a Windows 7 ISO and Unebootin http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/

Using Unebootin create a bootable USB (make sure it's plugged in) with the Win7 ISO

Follow this tutorial if you have problems https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPZJ0oCQxu0


How to install Jenkins charm with dependecies?

If you need quick access to the machine you can:

juju ssh jenkins/0

Assuming 0 is your machine number (you can find out specifically by running juju status).

If you're wanting to do this on every machine you spawn, you might want to consider downloading the charm and modifying it to meet your exact deployment needs. This is especially useful if it's things that are useful to you or your organization. You can do this by branching the code:

bzr branch lp:charms/jenkins

and then deploying from that instead of from the charm store.

If it's something that you feel is useful for the Jenkins-using community in general then I encourage you to consider contributing to the charm.


ImportError: cannot import name _remove_dead_weakref

I recently ran into this issue when I was using Pycharm 2017.3.2 on Ubuntu 16.10.

My setup was:

I installed Python 3.6 from the python PPA. I had Python 3.6.0b4. However, I had just upgraded Ubuntu to 17.04, but had yet to reboot. When I rebooted my computer, it still was throwing that error. Therefore, I tried to see what the default python3.6 was in the terminal.

➜  ~ python3.6
Python 3.6.1 (default, Mar 22 2017, 06:17:05)
[GCC 6.3.0 20170321] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

Therefore, I realized that the Python that I had in my virtualenv might be  outdated or pointing to an incorrect Python version.

Solution:

Made sure what version of Python 3.6 I had installed (3.6.1).
Removed my virtualenvironment.
Created new virtualenvironment using virtualenvwrapper: mkvirtualenv --python=python3.6
Installed the requirements with pip: pip install -r requirements.txt


undefined reference to dlsym dlerror when installing CGNS on ubuntu 20.04

The process is really simpler.
You can use packages from repository by
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libcgns-dev cgns-convert

and then use it as it was planned. The cgns-convert package contains many executables.


Full themes are no longer supported in Thunderbird, but there is one icon theme that still works. It's Phoenity icons. However this is not based on Font Awesome or Material Icons.


There is very huge obstacle: drivers are missing.

It is not only this dongle, UT team have left out most of wifi dongle drivers, look to kernel configuration for bq M10 (The ubuntu one):

https://git.launchpad.net/~phablet-team/avila/+git/kernel-3.10/tree/arch/arm64/configs/bq_aquaris_m10_ubuntu_defconfig?h=ubuntu

Notice that RTL8192 that is non existing in the kconfig (yes, 8188 uses 8192 drivers) because they were merged to mainline only at linux 4.4 or RTL8188EU driver at linux 3.12 if you are going to use the wifi in the europe:

http://cateee.net/lkddb/web-lkddb/RTL8192CU.html

http://cateee.net/lkddb/web-lkddb/R8188EU.html

Any usb wifi dongle will need kernel recompiling with enabling the dongle drivers in configuration files.
This dongle, if it really is needed this particular and the only available one -- the drivers could be ported back (backporting stuff in kernel is really messy, and time consuming). I would start from examining how did bluetooth stack were backported by ubuntu touch from 4.2 down to 3.10


How to show how-much data is needed to download while apt-get?

Yep, it could be possible through parsing apt-get command. Try the below command to show how much disk space will be used for installing that package,

echo 'n' | sudo apt-get install package | sed -n '/^After/ s/^[^,]*, \(.*\)$/\1/p'

Example:

$ echo 'n' | sudo apt-get install chromium-browser | sed -n '/^After/ s/^[^,]*, \(.*\)$/\1/p'
176 MB of additional disk space will be used.

OR

Try the below command to show the size of archives needed to be downloaded for that particular package.

echo 'n' | sudo apt-get install package | sed -n '/^Need to get/p'

Example:

$ echo 'n' | sudo apt-get install chromium-browser | sed -n '/^Need to get/p'
Need to get 44.4 MB of archives.


Are there any sort of format and style themes/templates in LibreOffice?

Right click on the bullets or on a blank part of the page, choose bullets and numbering, then choose graphics.

For other things, go to tools>gallery.

The other answers I believe have covered the criteria for what you actually asked for.

The themes listed here are downloadable, but you cannot download new "formatting" styles, you have to create them.

You can find some useful additions here:

http://extensions-test.libreoffice.org/
http://templates-test.libreoffice.org/


After many efforts I managed to fix this. The problem was at the kernel.
I entered recovery mode.
Opened root terminal.
And updated my kernel version.
After that everything works fine.


Ubuntu Server DNS Problem with Static IP

Partial answer...

From the comments...

In /etc/netplan we have three files...

01-network-card.yaml          # the file that you created
50-cloud-init.yaml            # the file that was already there
99-disable-network-config.cfg # who knows where this file came from

cd /etc/netplan # change directories

sudo mv 50-cloud-init.yaml 50-cloud-init.yaml.HOLD # rename file

sudo mv 99-disable-network-config.cfg 99-disable-network-config.cfg.HOLD # rename file

sudo netplan --debug generate # generate config files

sudo netplan apply # apply new configuration

Note: The new configuration may already work at this point.

reboot # confirm operation

Update #1:

The 10.10.21.8 and 10.10.21.100 addresses are not correct. Go back to your instructor and get valid addresses, and then it should all work now. This all works when using dhcp4: true instead of static IP's.


Try re-downloading the package, and run the following command:

sudo dpkg -i /path/to/package.deb

This command will only work if you have all the dependencies for that package installed.

If dpkg complains about missing dependencies, try running sudo apt-get install -f and then try the first command again.


Mousepad stops working a few minutes after login (16.04)

Try this -> Go to recovery mode and update grub.  It can also be incompatible touch-pad drivers issue. It happened with me one time but after reinstalling grub it stared working in my case. I updated it with boot-repair disk at that time and using dual boot.


Computer crashed while updating to new Ubuntu 20.04 release

Perhaps no more place. After an update a lot of package are downloaded and your / is full and system can't not create tmp file
Try to clean package downloaded with command sudo apt-get clean.
CTRL+F1 for switching to a console.


Messed up my swap partition, and now system is taking a very long time to boot

The answer to this question is similar to this answer.
First, open Disks. Find the partition with Partition type: Linux Swap. Copy its UUID.
Open /etc/fstab from terminal using sudo gedit /etc/fstab.
Add the following line:
UUID=xxxxxxxxxx none            swap    sw              0       0

where xxxxxxxxxx is the UUID you copied. You might need to remove the line
/dev/mapper/cryptswap  none  swap  defaults  0  0

I hope this helps.


Ubuntu just released an update for the firmware from Intel:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-firmware/+bug/1453935

Maybe this will solve your problems.


How can I fix having to type alsa force-reload after each startup?

If this problem occurs after upgrading from Ubuntu 18.04 to 20.04, it's not a problem in alsa itself but in the timidity converter.
Disable timidity and you won't even need to force reboot alsa on startup
systemctl disable timidity


ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'django_filters'

You need to install django-filter (please note without s):
pip install django-filter


Canon has chosen not to provide official support for Ubuntu, and this limits what you can do. You can't use it with gscan2pdf, for example.

To make a PDF of a scanned document:

Scan it in GIMP
Save the .jpg image
Drag the .jpg image into a new document in Libre Office
Export the document as a PDF

Experiment with both the image scan quality, as well as the PDF export quality, to get a reasonably small PDF. I usually scan at 300dpi, then adjust the PDF export quality to get the best results.


There's a program in the standard repos for it, saytime.

sudo apt-get install saytime

Then you can run saytime -r 3600 to run it every hour (3600 seconds, or change the number for a different interval in seconds). It will start as a background process when run with this option.

If you want to change the format (for example to remove the "and X seconds") it would be saytime -r 3600 -f %P%l%M - full format options in man saytime.

Source: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=516600&p=3130400#post3130400


Increasing Ubuntu /boot partition size in a dual boot

I got your issue I think you should take space from ntfs partition and add it to your /boot point for more information regarding how to allocate space from ntfs to ext4 please refer this answer Allocate ntfs to ext4 using gparted

If you have any otyer doubts feel free to ask in comments.


How can I install nautilus in Kubuntu 17.04?

Well it's available in default repositories, so no need to add any PPA.

First of all delete the added PPA by running the following command:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3

then install Nautilus from normal repository with the following command:

sudo apt install nautilus


Is it possible to dual boot chrome os and ubuntu on a samsung chromebook 5?

Yes,  Here is a detailed install guide. You will have a dual boot system with Ubuntu and ChromeOS on two separate SSD drives when completed.

http://techfoobar.blogspot.com/2013/01/how-to-install-ubuntu-on-samsungs-new.html


How do I get KMail system tray icon into XFCE4 panel?

OK, so this problem happens only when using KMail+XFCE4 panel in KDE session. KStatusNotifier appears to be smart, and somehow checks whether it's in KDE, and bases its mechanism on this. So to have KMail work correctly with XFCE4 panel in KDE session, we have to trick KMail into thinking that it's not in KDE:

env -i HOME=$HOME DISPLAY=$DISPLAY kmail

The above command clears the environment and only saves HOME and DISPLAY variables before running kmail. These variables are basically all what are needed for KMail to work properly without KDE session support.

Actually this is true not only for KMail, but for virtually any KDE application with a system tray icon: KTorrent, Amarok, etc.. The above trick should work for all of them (maybe adding more variables if needed).


Why doesn't LD_PRELOAD "v4l1compat.so" work with 64-bit Skype?

I think I found out.

Although installed from the 64 bit package, Skype is compiled for 32 bit:

fdr@maggie:~$ file `which skype`
/usr/bin/skype: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.15, BuildID[sha1]=0xd6667f895e58d47966d6a572b13125e9110ee256, stripped

Hence of these two:

fdr@maggie:~$ locate v4l1compat
/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l1compat.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l1compat.so

the i386 one must be used in LD_PRELOAD.


Ubuntu Touch - root access without signing in

If you don't want to install apps from the app store, because you don't want an Ubuntu One account, then you will have to build the packages from source and side-load them.

You can side-load an app if you have the click package for it, by putting the click on the device, and running pkcon install-local --allow-untrusted foo.click for example. You can use adb over USB to access the device and run these commands prior to installing the Terminal app.

You can also re-flash your device to the non-retail device images, which I believe have the Terminal app pre-installed.


Is there any alternative for Windows gadgets in Ubuntu?

There are few options:

Screenlets

Screenlets are the Linux alternative for "Windows Gadgets". Screenlets are small owner-drawn applications (written in Python) that can be described as "the virtual representation of things lying/standing around on your desk". Sticky notes, clocks, rulers, ... the possibilities are endless.

Hare's a preview of a weather screenlet:

To install Screenlets, open terminal by hitting Ctrl+T and run following commands:

sudo apt-get install screenlets

To install a complete pack of Screenlets:

sudo apt-get install screenlets-pack-all

Some sources to download Screenlets: Gnome-look, KDE-look.
Cairo-Dock

Cairo-Dock is an attractive, Lightweight eye-candy dock to launch your applications. I'm mentioning it hare because of it's ability to add add-ons. It comes bundled with
many applets including this weather applet. You can use applets inside dock or detach and use them as gadgets.

To install Cairo-Dock, open terminal by hitting Ctrl+T and run following command:

sudo apt-get install cairo-dock

You can find some third party add-ons hare.
Conky

Conky is an advanced, Highly configurable system monitor for Linux. It's little hard to configure, Specially for new users. Hare's an example of conky

Follow these steps to setup HTC Conky:

To install Conky, open terminal by hitting Ctrl+T and run one of following commands:

To install a standard conky:

sudo apt-get install conky-std

To install a full conky with most compile options enabled:

sudo apt-get install conky-all

Download Conky HTC Home and extract it.
Press Ctrl+H to show hidden files. Copy ".conky" from downloaded folder to your home directory.
Open the "fonts" folder and copy all the fonts to Home/.fonts/
Go to AccuWeather and find your location and copy web address.
open Home/.conky/htc_home/accuweather/accuw_script with text editor and replace the location address with the web address you just copied from AccuWeather.

To put conky into startup applications, Hit super key (Windows key) and search for "starup applications" and open it.

Click on add, and fill respective fields as follow:

Name: HTC - Conky
Command: bash -c "sleep 15; conky -c $HOME/.Conky/htc_home/conkyrc"
Comment: Conky

and save it.

To start Conky for the first time, Hit Alt+F2 and run the following command:

conky -c ~/.Conky/htc_home/conkyrc

That's it...!

For more Coky themes visit: DeviantArt, Arch Forums, Web UPD8, Ubuntu Forums.


Can we control a terminal-window size from a '.desktop' file

You can call the terminal with --geometry=widthxheight

For example at command line:

gnome-terminal --geometry=40x10

will open a terminal window with the above size (40x10)


12.04 home encrypted and I have written down encryption passphrase. How to reset login password?

The passphrase for encrypting the drive is not affected by the user password, it is merely encrypted by the user password. If you change his password, the new encryption should be applied to the passphrase, meaning that the passphrase will still be the same, but the encrypted version of the passphrase will be different. The drive is not re-encrypted by changing your password, only when you change your passphrase.

For assistance with changing his password, look here


If those are concerns...

Put your data on another partition and don't encrypt your home would be my first suggestion.
That way you'll always have a working system.

Keep your data on the second disk and it will also be easy to move it to another system.

It is also wise to save a none encrypted backup of your data somewhere safe.  In an actual safe. That would prevent loss of data from hardware failure.


Extended Partition option grayed out on GPT disk in GParted

GPT does not support extended partitions.

GPT does not need extended partitions, as the limit of four primary partitions in MBR/ms-dos was removed with GPT. "MBR also only supports up to four primary partitions—if you want more, you have to make one of your primary partitions an “extended partition” and create logical partitions inside it. This is a silly little hack and shouldn’t be necessary." Thanks to https://www.howtogeek.com/193669/whats-the-difference-between-gpt-and-mbr-when-partitioning-a-drive/


Tried to get janitor and got the message for dpkg dependency problem on Ubuntu 12.04

Computer Janitor is available in Ubuntu apps.  To install click Computer Janitor

This is the GNOME version.


What packages to install for Xfce4 without Xubuntu-related packages on Ubuntu 16.04?

You can run this command to install xfce4 without the extra applications -- sudo apt-get install xfce. This was also asked in another post that I found: How to install Xfce desktop environment?


How to mount / after running "apt-get remove php5-curl"?

You have bad memory. You cannot possibly damage RAM with software.


How to make external drive accessible to a user e.g. webservers user

I don't see how being external or internal makes any different: Linux will mount what you say him to mount. The difference here is if the HD is mounted by the system, it will be mounted in the way the system thinks it should be mounted and that might results in permission problems. I never use /media to mount external drives.

If you add the external HD to /etc/fstab it will be mounted with the permissions you want and considered like any other file system. This is an example of my own fstab:

#<file system>                            <mount point>   <type>   <options>                      <dump>  <pass>
UUID=a05fab8c-5c4c-42be-9898-830ec5ad45dc /here/external-drive  ext4    defaults,noatime,nofail,noauto 0       0

Assuming your log files are created under /here/external-drive/logs, it would be enough to change permissions to allow the webserver user to write there and everything should be fine.

Just remember adding nofail,noauto to your fstab or you will have problem each time the system reboots.


Mounted devices not showing up on launcher in ubuntu 14.04. How to enable it?

Whether mounted (usb) drives are showing up in the Unity launcher or not, has nothing to do with fstab.

Run the following command to reset the blacklist and show all mounted devices again in the launcher:

gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Devices blacklist "[]"

Explanation

When you unlock mounted volumes from the launcher, you actually add them to a blacklist (com.canonical.Unity.Devices), that prevents them from showing up in the launcher. They will be mounted nevertheless.

You can see which devices are currently in the blacklist by running the command:

gsettings get com.canonical.Unity.Devices blacklist

Force temporarily blacklisting

To automatically remove blacklisted devices from the blacklist, once they are unmounted, you can run a small script in the background. It watches changes in the list of mounted volumes. If a device gets disconnected, the script removes its (possible) mention in the blacklist.
The device will then appear again in the launcher on the next time it is connected.

How to use

Copy the script below into an empty file (use e.g. gedit).
Save the file somewhere as rm_blacklist.py.
For a clean start, reset the blacklist with the command:

gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Devices blacklist "[]"

Test- drive the script by opening a terminal window and run the command:

python3 /path/to/rm_blacklist.py

While keeping the terminal window open (running the script):

Insert a pen drive. Wait a few seconds until it is mounted, then unlock it from the launcher
Disconnect the pen drive.
Insert it again after a few seconds; it should now re-appear in the launcher.

If all works as you want, add it to your Startup Applications:
Dash > "Startup Applications" > Add. Add the command:

python3 /path/to/rm_blacklist.py

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import time

def get_info(cmd):
    return subprocess.check_output(["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd]).decode("utf-8")

def get_mountedlist():
    devices = get_info("lsblk").splitlines()
    return [l.split("/")[-1].strip() for l in devices if "/" in l and not l.endswith("/")]

def get_blacklist():
    try:
        return eval(get_info("gsettings get com.canonical.Unity.Devices blacklist"))
    except SyntaxError:
        return []

while True:
    curr_blacklist = get_blacklist()
    mounted_blacklisted = sum([[it for it in curr_blacklist if m in it] for m in get_mountedlist() ], [])
    if '-' in curr_blacklist:
        mounted_blacklisted = mounted_blacklisted+['-']
    if not curr_blacklist == mounted_blacklisted:
        cmd = "gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Devices blacklist "+'"'+str(mounted_blacklisted)+'"'
        subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd])
    time.sleep(3)


Oh Unity Launcher scrambled with color dots after log on or restart

If unity is messed up then you have to reset it. Do this by typing this command in the terminal:

unity --reset

If you want to reset the Unity Launcher icons (dock bar on the left) to their initial state, run the following command:

unity --reset-icons


Getting error-'General Error Mounting Filesystems' while installing ubuntu 12.04 alongside Windows 7 starter edition

Some things to try

when the splash screen first comes up on boot (the screen has a keyboard and a guy in a circle at the bottom) hit enter. It will display a menu that will allow you to choose what you want to do. Hit f6 and enable all of the options except for "Free software only". Then try either "Try Ubuntu..." or "Install Ubuntu"
Verify the state of the USB device by taking it to another computer and trying it there.

Hope that helps.


Ok, it seems, that the ocaml package was in some other source than the two lines I'd added.

Eventually, I took the original /etc/apt/sources.list file, and appended to it that same file but with yakkety substituted by precise. After that, and sudo apt update, I was able to install ocaml=3.12\*.

I still needed to install other packages before (ocaml-nox=3.12\*, which in turn required ocaml-base-nox=3.12\*, etc, etc), but eventually I got it installed.

I still assume there must be an easier way though...


How do I add this extra partition to my installed Ubuntu system?

1st option:
See if you can use gparted to delete the 92 GB partition, given that nothing is in it. Then expand the Ubuntu partition into the empty space. Moving files in gparted can be risky for your ubuntu install, but if you haven't customized it out yet, then it should be no big risk because it does not take long to reinstall.  You might not be able to do all of this from within Ubuntu.  If that is the case you could just burn gparted to a disk and boot from that.  Be very careful not to delete the wrong partition though.

2nd option:
From Windows, delete both the extra partition and Ubuntu partition or merge the two.  Then reinstall Ubuntu.  Only this time select "Do something else."  I believe it also says 'Advanced.'  Then it will take you to a menu with the partitions.  At that point you can select the correct partition (or create it) and format it to install there.

3rd option:
You may want to use the 92 GB partition as a Data partition between Windows and Ubuntu. If that is the case, then you could just keep it and make it mount at startup. You would need to format it so Windows can access it (maybe NTFS).
You would add this command to startup items in Ubuntu:
/usr/bin/udisks --mount /dev/sda7
(Replace '7' with partition number.)

Through all of this just make sure you know which partition is which.  I am not certain what these partitions are because I just see what Windows says (7.93 GB partition and 92.06 GB partition).


Adding a ppa repo and get key signed - no valid OpenPGP data - proxy issue?

Try

export http_proxy=http://proxy.mycompany.de:3128; export https_proxy=$http_proxy
sudo -E apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys A258828C


ufw is not capable of doing this because it is outside of its scope. Typical iptables rules need to be implemented instead.


How to create files with sudo so that the files is owned by root?

Redirection is 'outside' of sudo in your example. Try
sudo bash -c "cat > root.txt"


LogicalDOC offers both Community(free) and Commercial editions. We used it for some customers and in comparison with Alfresco we can state that LogicalDOC is more easy and lightweight, moreover the support service on the Commercial edition is very fast.

It has a very well documented WebService we used to integrate LogicalDOC with ERP and CRM.


How can I define a start-up activity in Kubuntu?

Activity manager configuration settings

The ~/.kde/share/config/activitymanagerrc has the information of the available, running and the current activity.

At here the KDE is slow to update the activitymanagerrc. If I change the activity and log out the current activity is still the old one. The next log in the KDE is starting to the old activity.

Workarounds:

stop the other activities before the log out - a bit silly ;)
use the kwriteconfig to set/update the current activity.

The kwriteconfig help file:

:~$ kwriteconfig --help
Usage: kwriteconfig [Qt-options] [KDE-options] [options] value

Write KConfig entries - for use in shell scripts

Generic options:

  --help                    Show help about options

  --help-qt                 Show Qt specific options

  --help-kde                Show KDE specific options

  --help-all                Show all options

  --author                  Show author information

  -v, --version             Show version information

  --license                 Show license information

  --                        End of options

Options:
  --file <file>             Use <file> instead of global config

  --group <group>           Group to look in. Use repeatedly for nested groups. [KDE]

  --key <key>               Key to look for

  --type <type>             Type of variable. Use "bool" for a boolean, otherwise it is treated as a string

Arguments:

  value                     The value to write. Mandatory, on a shell use '' for empty

At here the activitymanagerrc has:

[activities]
43ef904a-bf13-4770-87b4-3804059f073f=Media
5dfa29b8-765b-4860-ad56-3b0e257e8923=Desktop
afcf7ba3-4aa7-433f-abad-14db4f31b44b=New Activity

[activities-icons]
43ef904a-bf13-4770-87b4-3804059f073f=

[main]
currentActivity=43ef904a-bf13-4770-87b4-3804059f073f
runningActivities=43ef904a-bf13-4770-87b4-3804059f073f,5dfa29b8-765b-4860-ad56-3b0e257e8923

So the command:

kwriteconfig --file activitymanagerrc --group main --key currentActivity -type string 5dfa29b8-765b-4860-ad56-3b0e257e8923

will set the current activity as the Desktop.

The kwriteconfig command can be added to the KDE System settings > Startup and Shutdown > Autostart


Openstack: An error occurred authenticating. Please try again later

Share the keystone logs which can help us to debug the issue.

Restarting keystone service often helps in such situations if there is not any serious issue.


Installing a certificate emitted by Comodo on Apache Ubuntu

You forgot to define the server port in the VirtualHost statement.

Don't forget to fully test your ssl configuration, for example with this checker https://sslcheck.globalsign.com/


Wifi stops working after update ubuntu 12.10

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source


How do I reset/restore an icon in the start menu?

right click on the KDE icon in the bottom left corner (Kickoff Application Launcher) and choose Edit Applications
select the entry for FireFox and click on the icon area to the right of the Name field to pick a new icon for the menu entry
you should be able to choose a FireFox icon in the dialogue that opens up, or browse to a location where you have one


You should always consider the possibility of data loss, especially when you are making changes to partitions or adding/removing operating systems.  Always make backups!
If you install Ubuntu instead of Windows 7, everything on Windows 7 will be deleted.
If you install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7, the data should be retained.
FYI: Windows 7 reached End Of Life in January 2020.  This OS is no longer safe to use and must be replaced with an operating system that still receives security updates.


Mouse wheel scrolls in reversed direction

You have to use xinput to disable Natural Scrolling.

Open terminal:

~$ xinput list

The output should be something like:

⎡ Virtual core pointer                          id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳         USB Keyboard                      id=10   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ ImPS/2 BYD TouchPad                       id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                         id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳         USB Keyboard                      id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳         USB Keyboard                      id=12   [slave  keyboard (3)]

Look, TouchPad id =11.

~$ xinput list-props 11

The output should be something like:

Device 'ImPS/2 BYD TouchPad':
    Device Enabled (135):   1
    Coordinate Transformation Matrix (137): 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000
    libinput Accel Speed (274): 0.000000
    libinput Accel Speed Default (275): 0.000000
    libinput Accel Profiles Available (276):    1, 1
    libinput Accel Profile Enabled (277):   1, 0
    libinput Accel Profile Enabled Default (278):   1, 0
    libinput Natural Scrolling Enabled (271):   1
    libinput Natural Scrolling Enabled Default (272):   0
    libinput Send Events Modes Available (255): 1, 0
    libinput Send Events Mode Enabled (256):    0, 0
    libinput Send Events Mode Enabled Default (257):    0, 0
    libinput Left Handed Enabled (279): 0
    libinput Left Handed Enabled Default (280): 0
    libinput Scroll Methods Available (281):    0, 0, 1
...

Look this, libinput Natural Scrolling Enabled (271): 1.

You need to set it to 0.

xinput set-prop 11 271 0


youtube-dl: Use different output format if downloading a playlist

Youtube’s channel URLs have /channel/ in them, I would just test for this string and set the option accordingly with a little function:

yt() {
  for i in "$@"; do
    if [[ "$i" =~ .*/channel/.* ]]; then
      opt="channel"
    else
      opt="playlist"
    fi
  echo youtube-dl -o "$opt" "$i"
  done
}

This defines a function yt which loops over its arguments, sets the opt variable to either "channel" if the argument contains the string “/channel/” or "playlist" if not and runs echo youtube-dl with the option and the argument. Run it with a list of channels and playlists to see it performing:

$ yt channel test something_with_/channel/_here
youtube-dl -o playlist channel
youtube-dl -o playlist test
youtube-dl -o channel something_with_/channel/_here

Replace "channel" with the option string (without the leading -o!) for channels and "playlist" with the one for playlists, test with real URLs whether the function now prints the correct commands and finally remove the echo command to make it actually run youtube-dl.

I keep bash functions in a separate file ~/.bash_functions and source it in my ~/.bashrc, others prefer to have functions directly in the latter file, either way you have it defined in every new terminal.


Install Ubuntu on Gigabyte 990FX motherboard

Here are some ways I have successfully booted the Ubuntu installation media on a computer with a similar motherboard.

Ubuntu 13.10 64-bit minimal CD written to a USB flash drive, following the instructions here.

Ubuntu 14.04 install from the Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit desktop iso file written to a USB flash drive, following the instructions here. The key to the success of this method was using the Ubuntu Startup Disk Creator application which is built-in in Ubuntu and also included in the Ubuntu live DVD. I tried using UNetbootin and also burning a DVD, and both of them didn't work. I strongly recommend that you either reformat the USB flash drive as FAT32 first with a partition editor like GParted to get rid of any existing bootloader garbage that you have already written to the USB flash drive or else use a new USB flash drive.

The same computer could not boot from the Ubuntu 13.10 Desktop iso file written to a USB flash drive.
Regarding the BIOS settings for the SSD, I used AHCI but not Legacy mode.
If you get a black screen or low-graphics mode message after you finish the installation and reboot, that probably means that you need to enter a text-only virtual console by pressing the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Alt + F3, login at the login: prompt with your username, login at the password: prompt with your user password, and install the fglrx proprietary driver for your Sapphire Radeon R7-260X graphics card with sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-amdcccle && sudo reboot.


Ubuntu OS on Laptop has been hacked & remotely monitored

If you believe that you system has been compromised:

Take your system off the network.

Reinstall Ubuntu.

Restore your data from safe backups. If you didn't make regular backups, then you may have learned a painful lesson. Backups are a good idea for lots of reasons, and very easy to set up.

Upon starting with your restored system, change any online passwords that were stored on the compromised system. An encrypted password manager is another way to prevent a lot of pain.

A compromised system cannot be "repaired" or "locked down". It is unwise to preserve any data from the compromised system, as you may merely compromise the new system.


Which versions of Ubuntu, (not flavors) does steam work on normally?

What you report is actually a common problem with steam in Ubuntu.

To solve it after you install steam, you must run it from the terminal using the following:

LD_PRELOAD='/usr/$LIB/libstdc++.so.6' DISPLAY=:0 steam

instead of just steam. Normally you just need to run it like this the first time.

Yout might need to change DISPLAY=:0 to
DISPLAY=:1.


Terminal windows open with ["#Curl: command not found"]

There is a line in your ~/.bash_aliases that begins with ]#Curl. This is invalid bash syntax. Edit, with the editor of your choice, ~/.bash_aliases,
find the line beginning with ]#Curl and remove the ]. This will change the line to #Curl ..., which is a Bash comment line.


Try

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

that should install any missing applications


Enabling PAE in Ubuntu 12.04 on Asus EEE PC 1025C

Installing the PAE kernel is only part of it - you also have to update grub.  Try running

sudo update-grub

and reboot to see if the PAE kernels show up on the grub menu.

Alternatively, you could reinstall with the 64 bit release.  I also note that 3.4.0 is not a normal kernel release for 12.04.  It should be 3.2.0-31-generic-pae

The normal generic kernels were removed from Ubuntu 12.04 some time after the initial release - the pae kernels are now the default.  Generic kernels are still used for some releases such as Lubuntu.


How to open local filesystem links in Google Chrome?

The problem is due to the security policies of the web browsers. More detailed explanation is provided here. The good news is that there is a couple of available extensions that could solve this problem. For example:

For Firefox prior to Firefox Quantum:

The extension LocalLink will add an entry (called Open Link in Local Context) into the right click context menu.
The extension Local Filesystem Links will open these links (file:///) into the default File Explorer - in my case it is Nautilus.

For Chrome/Chromium:

The extension Enable local file links will cause the browser to work with the local links (file:///) as if they are 'normal' links.

While the extension Local Filesystem Links could serve within Firefox according to the question's requirements, I couldn't found an analogical extension for Chrome/Chromium. But I found the following workaround.

1. Add the extension Open in Firefox to Chrome/Chromium. Follow the installation guide and setup the extension.

2. Once the extension works properly, right click on its icon and go to the Options menu. Fill in /usr/bin/dolphin for "Path to executable" and Save.

3. Now you could open these links via the option Open Link in Firefox Browser from the right click context menu.

Here is a demo how the mentioned extensions for Chrome work (together):

Enable local file links
Open in Firefox


What is the correct way to use git with gnome-keyring and http(s) repos?

gnome-credential-helper is now deprecated.
Instead, use libsecret. If it's not already buil-in your ubuntu, use the following procedure:

You can install libsecret and the development libraries with:
sudo apt-get install libsecret-1-0 libsecret-1-dev

Then you need to build the credential manager
sudo make --directory=/usr/share/doc/git/contrib/credential/libsecret

Finally, you should point git to the newly created file in your config:
git config --global credential.helper \
   /usr/share/doc/git/contrib/credential/libsecret/git-credential-libsecret

More details on https://stackoverflow.com/a/40312117/2017781


Is uninstalling via software center the equivalent of "apt-get purge"?

It is equivalent to apt-get remove. purge removes configuration files, etc., which the Software Centre does not.


Enable typing in passphrase textbox after Ubuntu reboot (14.10)

If I reset the VM at the clipped screen, when Ubuntu boots back up, I get GRUB. I let it load Ubuntu, then I see a text-based interface, where I can then enter the boot password.

This isn't an ideal solution, but at least I can boot.

I reported this bug at https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/cryptsetup/+bug/1396227.


I cannot install any packages from terminal or software centre. Please help!

Try to execute sudo apt-get -f upgrade. With the 'f' option it will try to fix broken dependencies.


A question on enlarging the "/boot" space with the "GParted"

Your partition table is pretty cramped for space. You would have to do a reinstall with lvm for flexibility to be able to enlarge partitions as you see fit.What I would do is just 'sudo apt-get autoremove' to uninstall your old, unused kernels. That will remove them from the /boot directory and free some space.


Cropping videos to perfectly fit YouTube 16:9 dimensions with PiTiVi or Kdenlive?

It's easier and better to resize the window you're recording to 1280x720 (or any 16:9 proportion).

xdotool getactivewindow windowsize 1280 720 will do it for you.

If you really want to do the cropping, it's quite easy in Kdenlive:

Right-click on a clip in the timeline, go to Add Effect → Crop and transform → Crop.
Check Automatic center-crop, or try different settings until you get the desired result.


How to change command line prompt name and add path of current directory after name?

Follow this step ;

Open the terminal
If you don't have a .bashrc file in your $HOME (/home/<username>) , make it with type this command touch $HOME/.bashrc
If you have it, open it with text editor like nano, etc.
add this script in your .bashrc

PS1='[ \h \W]\$ '

To make your hostname such as you want open file /etc/hostname with sudo

sudo nano /etc/hostname

Remove previous hostname and add new hostname which you want in this file

Azer's Terminal

If you have finish , logout or reboot your system to make it affect .

This my .bashrc file


AWK: Sum columns, write them into a "final" row

You could use something like this. It works for files with an arbitrary number of columns, assuming that the first column is text and shall have SUM in the result line instead of the sum of all values of that column.

$ awk '{for(i=2;i<=NF;i++)a[i]+=$i;print $0} END{l="SUM";i=2;while(i in a){l=l" "a[i];i++};print l}' data.csv > final.csv
A   5   3
B   3   1
SUM 8 4

The awk code formatted in a more readable way:

{
    for (i=2 ; i<=NF ; i++)
        a[i] += $i
    print $0
}

END {
    l = "SUM"
    i=2
    while(i in a) {
        l = l " " a[i]
        i++
    }
    print l
}


If it's a one-time thing, here is a technique using gdb to attach to a running process:

Start a sample program. We will be changing sleep's sid.

spectras@etherbee:~$ (echo;sleep 86400)&
[1] 23340

Here is our sleep process:

spectras@etherbee:~$ ps -efj -q 23342
UID        PID  PPID  PGID   SID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
spectras 23342 23340 23340 22112  0 14:50 pts/5    00:00:00 sleep 86400

Let's attach to it using gdb. Note this will pause the process.

spectras@etherbee:~$ gdb -p 23342
[lots of irrelevant text]
Attaching to process 23342
[more irrelevant text]

(gdb) p setsid()
$1 = 23342
(gdb) q
A debugging session is active.

        Inferior 1 [process 23342] will be detached.

Quit anyway? (y or n) y
Detaching from program: /bin/sleep, process 23342

Let's see the result:

spectras@etherbee:~$ ps -efj -q 23342
UID        PID  PPID  PGID   SID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
spectras 23342 23340 23342 23342  0 14:50 ?        00:00:00 sleep 86400

Our sleep is now the process group leader of its own session.


apt-get is trying to install when doing a remove --purge

The solution is simple, also without knowing which package you mean.

You're trying to remove a package that is required by another package. Since there is an alternative for the package to be removed, this alternative is installed.

You have the following alternative.

Do not remove the package
Accept the alternative
Find and remove the package that needs the to be removed package or the alternative via

apt-cache rdepends ka-lite

After some googling, you have used a PPA for the installation. Therefore use the command below

sudo ppa-purge ppa:learningequality/ka-lite


Try disabling the microphone in the Profile for your sound device. This can be done by entering the sound preferences and in the "Hardware" Tab, choose the profile that better adjusts to your sound device.

In this example my screenshot is showing several profiles but my Internal Audio device only supports those "Analog Surround 4.0 Output + Analog Stereo Input".

In the same example as my device shown in the screenshot, if I choose the Analog Surround 4.0 Output with no Analog Stereo Input, I get the Microphone silent.

Give a try and let's see what happens.

You can change your preferences each time when you need the microphone turned on for video-conferencing, voice recording or something else.

Good luck!


Unable to boot to desktop, after installing Ubuntu 19.10.1 on Raspberry Pi 4 and installing kubuntu-desktop

I'm glad to see that someone else has experienced EXACTLY the same problem that I have!   And here's the work-around I found--not a solution, but it gets Kubuntu working.    When you get to the point where the system hangs, you can switch to another TTY.  I believe the system starts in TTY1, which is supposed to be the one used for the graphical interface.  You can switch to TTY2 by pressing CTL+ALT+F2, and you should get a login prompt.  Login as Ubuntu, and when you get a prompt, execute  "startx".  This will bring up the Kubuntu desktop, and you are already logged into it.  And I have to do this each time I boot up the system.  I think this must be a bug in the Kubuntu installation routine, but I have yet to find a way around it.  Sure would be nice if someone fixed it.  There ought to be a file somewhere that you could insert the "startx" command and have it run at bootup, but I don't know enough about Ubuntu to do it.


strange window positioning after launcher click

This is not an answer it is a question, I am not able to comment in other peoples questions yet ( not enough rep ) So, when you say working in multiple desktops are we talking about the different unity desktops? Or are you connected to an external monitor and your windows are opening/maximizing in between monitors?


upgrading from 15.10 to 16.04 apt not installed

Had the same problem, solved by forcing the update of apt and cleaning the current installation as Andrew suggested:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get -f install   # (not "install -f"!)
sudo apt-get -y install apt
sudo do-release-upgrade


Minecraft server automaticly moves to home folder

As this is an old question i'm just gonna write myself what i did :P

You need to cd to the folder within the terminal so if the minecraft_server.jar is in the folder /home/username/Dropbox/minecraft_server/ you'll first need to cd to the folder and then open it, like this

cd /home/username/Dropbox/minecraft_server
java -jar minecraft_server.jar

Then it will load all the files that are in that folder and if there aren't any it will create them in there.

UPDATE:

Instead of writing this every time you want to turn on the server, you can do this:

Step 1:

make a folder in /opt called minecraft_server
and a file called run.sh

sudo mkdir /opt/minecraft_server
touch /opt/minecraft_server/run.sh

Step 2: (Optional)

Download a image that you want to be shown in the launcher and dash.

cd /opt/minecraft_server/
wget http://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/50254717/mineserver.png

Step 3:

edit the run.sh

sudo gedit /opt/minecraft_server/run.sh

and put this code in:

#!/bin/bash

## destination of the minecraft server file
cd /home/USERNAME/Dropbox/test/;

## name of the minecraft server file
java -jar minecraft_server.jar;

Step 4:

create the .desktop file

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/minecraft_server.desktop

and put this code in:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Categories=Game
Exec=sh /opt/minecraft_server/run.sh
Name=Minecraft Server
Icon=/opt/minecraft/mineserver.png
#Icon taken from http://www.minecraftforum.net/topic/1328888-free-minecraft-server-icon/

Now you should be able to open the server within the server itself :)


I had the same problem before with wine but now its solved.

Open "configrue wine"
Select windows 8 in the field.
Open graphics tab
Uncheck the option "allow the window manager to control the windows"
and then recheck it then apply--------> ok.

It worked for me maybe it can help you.


Connect to free Wi-Fi network - how to log into network (Captive portal)?

I had exactly this problem, and I found the solution here.

Specifically, as directed, here's what I did:

Comment out dns=dnsmasq in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf (i.e. put a # at the beginning of the line)
Restart network-manager: sudo service networking restart

For me, worked like a charm. I'm using Ubuntu 16.04.


python application migration from python-2.6 to python-3

Can you? Sure.

Consider for a moment that Python 2 is going to be supported into 2020 officially and possibly longer unofficially. Do you need to port this to Python 3? You could be lazy and let 2020's mrudula figure this one out.

I'm sure you're aware that Python 2 and 3 aren't directly compatible. You probably have to make a few changes to port between them. There are tools like 2to3 (included in Ubuntu) that make this much easier —at least more automated— but there are likely still libraries you're using that rely on Python 2.x that you'll need to replace.

Or you can stick with Python 2.7.

Either which way, I've been through the same process as you're doing now with several small Django apps. The biggest single improvement I can suggest (if you aren't already doing it) is to move to a virtualenv (the venv module in Py3k). Keeping things separated from the system has allowed a lot of pulled hair to grow back.

I'd suggest the following itinerary:

Install 14.04 on another machine (VM, whatever)
Create a Python 2 virtualenv for your app and activate it.

sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv
/usr/bin/virtualenv venv
source ./venv/bin/activate
pip install -U pip

Install any requirements you know you need with pip. If you've activated a virtualenv, it will install them locally, no sudo required.
Get things working. This is an iterative process of running it until it realises you're missing something.
When you are certain you know it all works and you have all your requirements, dump them (and version constraints) in a file called requirements.txt

If you're happy with Python 2, you can stop there. Migrate that onto a real server (if it isn't on one already) and commit your requirements.txt to version control so you can restore your environment really quickly in the future if you need to.

If you want to continue to Python 3, the path is much clearer:

Delete your Python 2 virtualenv, create a Python 3 venv and install your requirements:

deactivate
/usr/bin/python3 -mvenv venv
pip install -U pip
pip install -Ur requirements

Unleash 2to3 (and other tools) on your source and finish the port manually. Make sure you have a backup of what you have already. It's not a vastly complicated tool (see 2to3 --help) but typically speaking, this should be enough to get you going (remember to backup first, this will write changes):

2to3 -wf all .


Dual boot drive sharing for Ubuntu and Windows 10

Make a Live USB with Ubuntu (tutorial here) or create a Live CD with Ubuntu ISO
Run Live Ubuntu and install GParted or open it if is installed.
In the left side, on top, select the hard disk (1TB HDD) -> [ /dev/sdx (1024GB) ]
Right-click on the partition you want to resize, then click Resize/Move
Change the New size (MiB) value with the size you want on Xubuntu partition
Click on Resize/Move button
Edit -> Apply All Operations
Create your new partition.

NOTE: When resize, is the possibility of data loss. Please create a backup with your data!


You can install the package vpnc. This is a Cisco-compatible VPN client with can be installed with

apt-get install vpnc

then you have to configure it /etc/vpnc/vpnc.conf with your IP Vanish Credentials:

Set the following information:

IPSec gateway <Host Server>
IPSec ID <Vpn Username>
IPSec secret <Vpn Password>
Xauth username <your system username>


Will dual monitor work with two different connector types?

If your card supports multiple monitors (which it should do if it has more than one output) then it should work. I've never hooked up one dvi and one vga monitor but you'd be hard pressed to notice a difference in quality. One of my work PC's has double VGA monitors and the other has one DVI and one HDMI to DVI. You can't tell the difference in quality between the two systems.


What are the advantages of backing up on an external disk instead of the deja-dup in the home directory?

If your hard drive fails, and you have backed up to that same hard drive, you will lose all your data.  Backing up to an external device allows for that type of failure to occur without you losing your data.

Deja-dup does use compression, but I am not sure that the reduction amount is predictable.  It depends on what is being compressed.


How to get the directory that a package apt-get installed?

As usual you can use dpkg -L libcupti-dev to show files location.
See dpkg-query actions section of man dpkg locally or online.

The export LD_LIBRARY_PATH... command redefines library management on runtime and is not related to installation with apt/dpkg at all.


'save link as' / 'open with' / 'launch application' window

As discussed in the comments, it turned out the real issue was somewhere else - I may try to integrate the useful part here.

It is a dialog window of firefox asking you which application to use to open a speciffic kind of file.
The choice will be saved for that file type,
but it will ask for each file type at the first use.


Permissions are usually set to the original permissions minus the user's umask (usually 002, 022 for root).

Usually because this depends on the tool used for copying (the above applies e.g. to cp and to Files, but I guess that any tool will follow this convention).

So unless you explicitly preserve the original permissions e.g. by copying using cp -p, permissions will be by all odds set to the original permissions minus the user's umask, i.e. users not the owner of the file or in the file's group will lose write permissions if they have it (if the user copying the file is a regular user) and users not the owner of the file will lose write permissions if they have it (if the user copying the file is root).


Run:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-361

This can work even if you have a problem in Additional Drivers (depending on what problem  it was).


I found this may works for you .
Try this:
Remove you Google account from Gnome Settings
Remove ~/.cache and ~/.config/goa-1.0
Sign in again for your Google account from Gnome settings, and give it some seconds to sync
Logout and login or reboot.
Original article https://www.reddit.com/r/gnome/comments/i8hhsj/gnome_calendar_is_not_syncing_with_google/g18hivm/?context=3


Yes, you can certainly try upgrading that way. It's a perfectly valid Debian way (indeed, it's the original way).

However, the upgrade path from 18.10 directly 20.04 has not been tested, so we generally don't provide support for it if you encounter unexpected problems.

Consider running sudo apt autoremove to remove packages that were orphaned by the dist-upgrade. Read the list of proposed removals carefully!
Consider marking your calendar for late April and late October if you want to stick to the 6-month interim releases of Ubuntu. That way, you won't get caught out with an EOL release again. Alternately, on 20.04, you can change to LTS releases and upgrade every 2 years (mark your calendar for that, too.)
For in-band release-upgrades by most users, we recommend do-release-upgrade over the method you used. do-release-upgrade has fewer places for the user to make a mistake. Your release-upgrade was, of course, out-of-band since 18.10 has been EOL many months.


getting error for user-theme extension by executing commands

You do not need a ppa for gnome extensions

Download them directly from Gnome extensions

In your case https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/19/user-themes/

The install directly ;)

If you wish to use a ppa, you will have to contact the ppa maintainer if you have a problem.


wget download list to specific directories

Create a list that has the URL and target directory on the same line:

http://www.somehost.com/files/tool.7z tools/cool-tool/
http://www.someotherhost.com/files/icon36.png tools/cool-tool/
http://www.idunno.net/other-tool.tar.gz tools/special-tool/
http://265.265.265.265/config.ini tools/special-tool/
http://www.myownsite.com/tools/script-to-run-tool.cmd tools/special-tool/

Then, use a bash loop to read the file and feed it to wget:

while read url target; do
  wget "$url" -P "$target";
done < url.list


How can I open the grub menu from the grub CLI?

You can manually select the kernel and initrd from the GRUB command line. This will only change things for the one boot though. After the system booted up you'd have to make the necessary adjustments to GRUB in order to make it permanent.

grub> set root=(hd<disk with kernel and initrd>,msdos<partition with kernel and initrd>)
grub> linux /boot/vmlinuz-<kernel version you want to boot from> root=/dev/<root device>
grub> initrd /boot/initrd-<same version as chosen kernel>
grub> boot

Depending on if /boot were a seperate partition, that above can be slightly different. You would set the initial root= to be the /boot disk and partition, then when delcaring linux and boot you wouldn't include boot/ since it would be starting in that directory. The root= in the linux line would still point to the root disk/partition though.

---Edit to include information from comments---

Based on what we've discussed in the comments you should try these commands to boot:

grub> set root=(hd1,gpt2)
grub> linux /boot/vmlinuz-<version you want to boot from> root=/dev/sdb2
grub> initrd /boot/initrd-<same version as chosen kernel>
grub> boot


Ubuntu 16 LTS dual boot with Windows 10, grub rescue on start up after disk partiton edit

You can create a bootable version of gparted live on your laptop and use this to boot your desktop (remember to alter the forward to boot from USB or optical drive). Sorry from USB as you don't have an optical drive.  This is normally done by pressing a key say del or F12 or something similar.  The MB firmware normally displays the key to press on boot up but this is not always the case.
When you see the gparted info you should delete the Ubuntu partitions.  They will be recognised as having a meaningful label such as Ubuntu xx.x or alternatively you can delete any partitions which are format as ext2 or ext4.  You can also delete any swap partitions. To repair windows without an install disk is more problematic.  Try to get a boot image from the windows website - good luck with this!  You could try the windows10 forums for help on this aspect.  Once you have a boot able media for the correct version of Windows XP/win7/win8/win10 and the correct type home/pro or whatever.  Remember there will be a 32 bit and 64 bit version so select whatever is appropriate to your system.  Now try to effect a boot repair using the repair tools the windows 10 forum will provide details.  You may need to reinstall windows completely in which case you will need the windows key this is usually on a sticker on the desktop case.it will be something like xxxx- xxxx-xxxx-xxxx.  If you do not have this key then you will probably have to purchase a new license from Microsoft.  Unlike Ubuntu you have to pay for Windows!

Good luck - especially with the MS license.

When you eventually get into a Windows system use the windows disk management tool in control panel to extend the windows NTFS partition to use the unallocated space freed up from the Ubuntu partitions.  If this free space is in front of the windows partition.  Do not extend the partition until you have been given guidance on a Windows forum as moving the start boundary of a partition can often cause problems.
Also be aware that the windows forum is free  but some help sites will charge you for the privilege.


Move from Ubuntu 18.10 to Kubuntu 18.04 while keeping /home directory

Firstly do a backup (and maybe a second if your data is important if you don't already have it). Changing or installing and operating system isn't a minor task and you could have a power-outage, power-surge or any number of things go wrong during the long process, even if unlikely.

I would suggest using 'something else', and select your existing partition for you Kubuntu. Key is to ensure you do not select 'format'.  This option will erase all system directories (/bin, /sbin..)  but not /home (which isn't a system directory!).

The installer takes note of your [manually] installed apps and will try and restore (as in re-install) them post-install.

Making a backup is important, the most likely error in my experience is wrongly having the 'format' check-box ticked (it's small & easily overlooked).

Caveats: I have done it heaps of times and not lost any data. My usual 'installs' are not backwards, though I've done that too, alas not recently. I've also not replaced Ubuntu with Kubuntu recently. I have also not tried 18.10 to 18.04, but going backwards does contain more pitfalls than moving forwards (which is QA-tested).  Software upgrades that occur in versions can cause differences in user config files (in your /home/user/ directory) that can confuse earlier versions of software. I've experienced this long ago with evolution (my chosen email client or 'mua'). I started using a 'new' feature in the later release, the earlier release didn't know about it & had minor issues with the change in data in files. I don't know what programs you used extensively in 18.10 that contain 'new' features stored in files that you'll be loosing in 18.04 that may cause issues for you; but in most cases you won't be 'bitten' - but it's a potential risk.

Most important is your backup though!.  Even though you're not likely to touch it, it's an insurance policy with minimal cost.


Where in a theme is the selection box color for the desktop for Ubuntu 20.04?

Assuming you have installed the theme Mojave-dark in local folder
$HOME/.themes/
open the file gtk.css and edit it..
gedit $HOME/.themes/Mojave-dark/gtk-3.0/gtk.css

and add the below content to it..
XfdesktopIconView.view .rubberband, .content-view rubberband, treeview.view rubberband, flowbox rubberband,
rubberband,
.rubberband {
  border: 1px solid #113edc;
  background-color: red;
}

Change the color "red" to any valid color..
But the color red is applied with some opacity.. This is because of the configuration in gnome-shell-extension desktop-icons
If you need further customization to avoid the opacity, you need to dig the said extension files..


The software installed into the chrooted version using either "apt-get" or "dpkg" will be installed.

Regarding configurations files:

you can replace the dummy configuration file in the package you want to change, then repackage the software. That is the more difficult but also more appropriate method. But this does not work as well anymore since more and more packages tend to create their configuration during the {packagename}.postinst part of the installation so that became a lot more difficult.
you can add user specific configuration files to "/etc/skel/". Files in there will be copied to your users home ("/etc/skel/Desktop/1.txt" would create a file "1.txt" on your desktop. "/etc/skel/.config/user-dirs.dirs
" would contain the user defined directories (untested ;))). Settings for firefox, chrome, desktop can all be set to custom configurations. That is also the place to store .desktop files. You can also include a script here to copy configurations to other directories (samba, apache, mysql if those are your targets).


UEFI boot up file for Ubuntu? (Toshiba P840t-ST3N01)

I was having similar issues before installing Ubuntu on a UEFI system. For me the issue was simple, I had to disable QuickBoot/FastBoot and FastStartup (for Windows 8) from the BIOS before installation. If you haven't done that I would recommend to try it. If however you still have that problem, then you may find more information here https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

Hope this helps


If the shell script in question only contains a single command that invokes an external program you can prepend the command with exec to replace the shell process instead of spawning a new process. E. g. change

/path/to/my-program "$@"

to

exec /path/to/my-program "$@"

Since my-program now replaces the shell process it retains its PID and receives all signals sent to it by PID incl. SIGINT. Obviously you can't send a signal to it based on the name or command-line of the shell script any longer.


Office 365 is for macOS and Windows only; neither a single Linux distro nor wine offers support for it.

Install the appropriate Windows version in VirtualBox or VMWare.


Why does Ubuntu for Raspberry Pi fail to connect to Wi-Fi on first boot?

Looks like you could try a mount of the sd card then edit of the files needed to see if it will work on first boot as described in link below. Or simplely plug in the network cable if it has the port and have it work for certain for that part of its setup, then switch to wireless after it is setup and configured for it.
How to configure wpa_supplicant in Ubuntu server 20.04


Invaild EFI file path - can't boot into windows 8

I had the same problem... I used Boot-Repair, that helped a lot

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install boot-repair

Then run Boot-Repair and you should be able to start Windows.


Where is that apache2 stored after installation?

The apache config is in :

/etc/apache2

If you want to start apache, launch in a term :

sudo service apache2 start

If you want to restart apache, launch in a term :

sudo service apache2 restart


I think you can bring up a terminal w/ CTRL+ALT+'T', then use apt-get to install unity,

"sudo apt-get install unity"

if you haven't tried that already...


Right click on the track in Clementine and select Edit, move your mouse over the 5 stars of rating filling in as many stars as you want to rate it as then click to set. Then save the edit.

  Another method is to right click the column headers and select rating so it is visible. After that you can click on the stars directly to rate the track in the rating column.

source


How do I use a 4GB USB flash drive to install Ubuntu 12.10?

First of all you should remove any current Ubuntu or Wubi installation.
Next download Rufus, an easy tool for creating bootable USBs.
Download the prefered Ubuntu image from Ubuntu Download Section.
Open Rufus and write the image on the USB (it is very easy).
Reboot your PC after finishing, and change the boot order to boot from USB.
Once the installation window comes up, click Install Now.
Lastly, choose Run Ubuntu alongside Windows 7.

I'm pretty sure there will be a bootloader in order to choose between the two OSes.


Once the program is opened through the terminal, is it possible to close it via a command in the same terminal window?

You can abort a running program by Ctrl+C.

If you run a command with & at the end like libreoffice&, you'll be able to run other commands in the same terminal.

You can also press Ctrl+Z to pause the running app and send it to background by bg.


error: unknown filesystem - what happened?

Wow this is nasty.  Here is what I would do:

Boot from a live CD and mount your drive.  You can then take a look at it and get a better idea of what happened and if you can recover any data.  Once you are booted open up Nautilus or another file manager and look for the drive.  You may also find it through terminal by going to /media/<your-user>/<drive-number> or something similar.  Here's a question that may help.
Once you've recovered any data, reinstall a new and supported version of Ubuntu.  11.04 is old and unsupported.


Difficulty trying to mount an ISO file "mount: you must specify the filesystem type"

The filetype you need for mounting a .iso formatted file is iso9660. Here's an example:

A good .iso:

walt@wombat:~(0)$ file  /usr/lib/memtest86+/memtest86+.iso
/usr/lib/memtest86+/memtest86+.iso: # ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data  MT410 ' (bootable)  `

A directory to mount it on:`

walt@wombat:~(0)$ ls -ld ~/tmp/mp
drwxrwxr-x 2 walt walt 4096 2012-01-01 13:55 /home/walt/tmp/mp`

The actual mount:

walt@wombat:~(1)$ sudo mount -t iso9660 /usr/lib/memtest86+/memtest86+.iso /home/walt/tmp/mp
mount: warning: /home/walt/tmp/mp seems to be mounted read-only.`

And here it is!

walt@wombat:~(0)$ ls !$
ls /home/walt/tmp/mp
boot  readme.txt
walt@wombat:~(0)$  df -H /home/walt/tmp/mp
Filesystem             Size   Used  Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/loop0             1.9M   1.9M      0 100% /home/walt/tmp/mp
walt@wombat:~(0)$


62.9GB of RAM instead of 64GB. No IGPU in the CPU. Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

On my 8,000 MB system I'm missing 189 MB. Your system being 8 fold would extrapolate to 1,512 MB in comparison. Personally I wouldn't worry about missing 1,300 MB out of 64,000 MB. As @N0rbert suggests it could simply be a 1024 x 1024 x 1024 (GiB) vs 1000 x 1000 x 1000 (GB) issue.

That said there are ways to free up reserved memory: Reducing reserved RAM

The Linux Kernel goes through extraordinary steps to use RAM efficiently and to cache data and buffers. Even programs you've run once are kept in RAM as long as possible in case you run them a second time. My philosophy would be to let Linux manage the RAM unless a substantial percentage is missing.


Nvidia drivers broken after kernel update (Ubuntu 18.04 + kernel 5)

Yeah, NVIDA binary drivers will need to be updated to a version that supports kernel 5.

Check out this thread for more information and some solutions, most of which are to boot back to your previous working kernel. https://www.reddit.com/r/linux_gaming/comments/ax3msr/beware_of_kernel_50_nvidia/

You can do this easily following these instructions:
https://askubuntu.com/a/82145/981644


How can I see Ubuntu file system, installed on SDcard, FROM Android

i have a nexus 4  and i'm not sure if this works for sensation but give it a try. open ES file explorer(or any file explorer that can gain root), give it root permissions. for nexus 4 user data is located at:  /data/user-data/phablet/


Better check your path. Make sure that there is a file called this name in your current directory. It seems like there is no other special problems.

I've tested on my computer, if I enter the command (actually there is nothing called 'filezilla' on my computer), the error it came out is just like yours.


Is there a way to run a auto batch command that when Ubuntu starts up it runs it?

You should be able to do all of that from the BIOS of a system so without the need to enter the operating system it holds.

I want to just plug in a usb, boot to Ubuntu then it give me the info and then ask to wipe hard drive.

Also a possibility. Create a live session (with persistent storage if you want to create a script with commands) and you can use a couple of commands to get all you want.
These 3 will show lots of info...
sudo dmidecode --type bios
sudo dmidecode --type system
sudo dmidecode --type memory

You can also use  >> /dir/persistent/storage/info.txt behind each of the commands to store the info on the live session.
Formatting a disc is a command too. Have a look at https://askubuntu.com/a/517365/15811 for a couple of methods. One of them will be ...
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1

This is an example; you need to change /dev/sdb1 to the device that holds the unmounted partitions. It is likely it will be in /media/ with a unique id (UUID) that changes per system so putting it into a script will be difficult (but not impossible).
You really do not want a partition formatted automatically when booting.


cat /dev/null > ~/.bash_history && history -c && exit

This will help you to clear history of terminal, even if history saved in the history file as well as the history in the current session.
However, if you need to do it with a bit of secure way, I would suggest using following method.
shred -u ~/.bash_history && touch ~/.bash_history


Verbose details shown during boot of Ubuntu 18.04

This is probably a GRUB setting.
Open your terminal and run the following to edit your /etc/default/grub file:
sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Find the line that says GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT and make sure it says:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

quiet means no verbose output.

splash means show the splash screen (the Ubuntu logo).

Save the changes using Ctrl+O and close nano using Ctrl+X.
Update GRUB:
sudo update-grub

Restart your computer for the changes to take effect.


How to set up a loop in csh to set variables to directory names?

In csh, you can use a foreach loop to loop over every subdirectory of the directories in the current directory:

foreach i (*/*/)
  set g=`echo $i | cut -d/ -f1`   # slash-delimited, select first field
  set obs=`echo $i | cut -d/ -f2` # slash-delimited, select second field
  echo $g $obs
end

The bash equivalent is a for loop. Of course you can use cut as above, but bash also has an elaborated Parameter Expansion feature, so you don’t need to call anything external:

for i in */*/; do
  g=${i%%/*}   # cut everything from the first slash
  obs=${i#*/}  # cut everything until first slash
  obs=${obs%/} # cut slash at the end
  echo $g $obs
done

Substitute the echo line with whatever you want to do with the variables.

Example run

% is the csh prompt, $ the bash one.

% tree
.
├── IC0499
├── IC7216
│   └── 2222
├── NGC2201
│   ├── 2221
│   ├── 7019
│   └── note
└── NGC7169

7 directories, 1 file

% foreach i (*/*/)
? set g=`echo $i | cut -d/ -f1`
? set obs=`echo $i | cut -d/ -f2`
? echo $g $obs
? end
IC7216 2222
NGC2201 2221
NGC2201 7019

$ for i in */*/; do g=${i%%/*}; obs=${i#*/}; obs=${obs%/}; echo $g $obs; done
IC7216 2222
NGC2201 2221
NGC2201 7019

Citing https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/csh-shell-scripting-loop-example/:

  Please note that csh was popular for many innovative features but csh has never been as popular for scripting. If you are writing system level rc scripts avoid using csh. You may want to use /bin/sh for any scripts that might have to run on other systems.


How can I configure the login screen to be displayed in portrait orientation?

When I boot my computer, the graphics look different than when I am logged in (not using open source nvidia driver)... so I am guessing it might be that you need to set your computer to boot with those options.  It sounds like you set your Desktop environment (Unity/Gnome/Xfce/KDE, whatever you use) to display your desktop rotated.  So, I think you need some thing to boot your machine in sideways mode.  I can't give you a solution, HOWEVER, I can point you to ubuntuforums.org (where there is a lot of ubugurus hanging out), and possible check out the GRUB2 documentation (assuming you are using a more recent version of Ubuntu since you are new to it...)  GRUB2 documentaion https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2.  I hope this helps you, and bumps your page for more attention


when you install an application in Ubuntu 12.10, you can open it by searching it in Unity Dash. To do that, use Windows key and just type Skype in it.


Ubuntu whois works fine with IPv6 addresses, as you can see here (this is a query for a temporary address of my office machine):

$ whois 2a00:8640:1::2d57:a8c5:c2e3:a708
% This is the RIPE Database query service.
% The objects are in RPSL format.
%
% The RIPE Database is subject to Terms and Conditions.
% See http://www.ripe.net/db/support/db-terms-conditions.pdf

% Note: this output has been filtered.
%       To receive output for a database update, use the "-B" flag.

% Information related to '2a00:8640::/29'

% Abuse contact for '2a00:8640::/29' is 'abuse@steffann.nl'

inet6num:       2a00:8640::/29
netname:        NL-STEFFANN-20120130
descr:          S.J.M. Steffann
country:        NL
...etc...

There are two things that cause your command not to work:

You are asking who the holder of a link-local address (fe80:...) is
The DST=... parameter is not valid

Link-local addresses are always present on every link. Every LAN uses them, every point-to-point link etc. They are used for example for reaching your default gateway, by Apple AirPlay to find other streaming devices on the LAN, by Windows Home Group etc. In many places where a system just has to talk on the local LAN without needing to talk to anything beyond that. They don't 'belong' to anyone, so whois can't tell you anything.

The DST parameter is not a valid parameter for the common whois services. And besides that it points to an IPv6 multicast address, which also doesn't belong to anyone in specific.

So, whois works just fine, if you ask the right questions :)


Darkice needs a configuration file to be able to stream to an Icecast server. Example configuration files can be found in /usr/share/doc/darkice/examples but the configuration needs to be adapted to our settings.

A possible configuration can be as follows:

[general]
duration        = 0      # duration in s, 0 forever
bufferSecs      = 1      # buffer, in seconds
reconnect       = yes    # reconnect if disconnected

[input]
device          = default # `pulse' for Pulseaudio
sampleRate      = 44100   # sample rate 11025, 22050 or 44100
bitsPerSample   = 16      # bits
channel         = 2       # 2 = stereo

[icecast2-0]
bitrateMode     = vbr       # variable bit rate (`cbr' constant, `abr' average)
quality         = 1.0       # 1.0 is best quality
format          = mp3       # format. Choose `vorbis' for OGG Vorbis
bitrate         = 256       # bitrate
server          = localhost # or IP
port            = 8000      # port for IceCast2 access
password        = hackme    # source password to the IceCast2 server
mountPoint      = mystream.mp3  # mount point on the IceCast2 server .mp3 or .ogg
name            = mystream

Save this file to any location (per default Darkice looks for /etc/darkice.cfg) and then start Darkice with

darkice -c /path/to/darkice.cfg


Computer hangs while setting up linux-image-3.19.0-43-generic

From pathname.com:

  /var contains variable data files. This includes spool directories and files, administrative and logging data, and transient and temporary files.

Note where it says spool directories and files, administrative and logging data, this part is important. By deleting /var/lib/dpkg you deleted some very important files.

Apart from above:

  /var is specified here in order to make it possible to mount /usr read-only. Everything that once went into /usr that is written to during system operation (as opposed to installation and software maintenance) must be in /var.

It means: the data in /var changes, which is necessary, for some applications such as in your case dpkg.

You should never delete files/folders without prior knowledge. The only left possible solution is for you to reinstall Ubuntu. Until you do so, you'll be unable to use dpkg. But the best part here is that you still have a running system, so, backup all your important data, i.e., the ones present in /home, etc. so, that you don't lose anything during a re-installation.


Unable to install Ubuntu 14.04.3 or Linux Mint

The problem is the Nvidia GTX 970 is not compatible with nouveau display driver.

As Pilot6 said, you will have to install using nomodeset as a startup parameter during the installation.

After you have installed Ubuntu you have to startup using the recovery menu and install the xorg-edgers driver.


Upgrade from Ubuntu 12.04 To Ubuntu 12.10 Secure-Remix

Is it possible to upgrade an existing Ubuntu 12.04 install to Ubuntu
  12.10 Secure-Remix?

Yes, you can upgrade from 12.04 to 12.10 Secure Remix, by:

either using a 12.10SecureRemix this way:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuReinstallation
or upgrading
from 12.04 to standard 12.10, then install Boot-Repair and
OS-Uninstaller. (in your situation, Clean-Ubiquity is useless).

  If so, could that HD be swapped into a new UEFI PC (as the only HD)
  and would it boot?

No, you can't upgrade and change your HD's partitioning type (MsDos <-> GPT/UEFI) at the same time.


Error 255 when trying to install openssl-1.0.1g from source

from this page:

Changing

make install

to

make install_sw

(installing OpenSSL without the man pages) alleviates this issue.


No new line in terminal ubuntu after changing prompt style

The correct syntax must be:

PS1="\[\033[0;33m\]\h:\W\u\$\[\033[m\]"

Or if you prefer to use \e instead of \033:

PS1="\[\e[0;33m\]\h:\W\u\$\[\e[m\]"

Your problem in missing \[ with the \e  ASCII escape character (033)


How can I make firefox run in the background like chromium?

Running an application in the background

The solution below will allow you to run firefox (or any other application) in the background, meaning: without a visible window. Nor will the application show in Dash as a running application:

If you pick Toggle Firefox however, the application will pop up immediately:

How it works

If the panel icon (indicator) starts up, it launches a new firefox window, but immediately hides it (including possible existing firefox windows) from the face of the earth, using xdotool:

xdotool windowunmap <window_id>

This will not only hide the window, but also will hide the fact that firefox is running at all, since the unity launcher acts on visibly existing windows.
The indicator stores the id of all unmapped windows in ~/.config/hidden_windows, to be mapped on the next time you choose Toggle Firefox from the menu.

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import os
import signal
import gi
gi.require_version('Gtk', '3.0')
gi.require_version('AppIndicator3', '0.1')
from gi.repository import Gtk, AppIndicator3
import time

app = "firefox"
winsdir = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"], ".config/hidden_windows")

try:
    os.mkdir(winsdir)
except FileExistsError:
    pass

def checkruns(app):
    try:
        return subprocess.check_output(["pgrep", app]).decode("utf-8").strip()
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        for w in os.listdir(winsdir):
            if w.startswith(app):
                os.remove(os.path.join(winsdir, w))

def get_currentwins(pid):
    wins = subprocess.check_output(["wmctrl", "-lp"]).decode("utf-8").splitlines()
    return [l.split()[0] for l in wins if pid in l]

def hide_currentwins(matches):
    # open(os.path.join(winsdir, "windowlist"), "wt").write("\n".join(matches))
    for w in matches:
        open(os.path.join(winsdir, app+"_"+w), "wt")
        subprocess.Popen(["xdotool", "windowunmap", w])

def run_app(app):
    subprocess.Popen(app)
    while True:
        time.sleep(1)
        pid = checkruns(app)
        matches = get_currentwins(pid) if pid else None
        if matches:
            hide_currentwins(matches)
            break

def restore_wins():
    for w in [w for w in os.listdir(winsdir) if w.startswith(app)]:
        wid = w.split("_")[-1]
        subprocess.Popen(["xdotool", "windowmap", wid])
        os.remove(os.path.join(winsdir, w))

def toggle_app(*args):
    pid = checkruns(app)
    if pid:
        matches = get_currentwins(pid)
        if matches:
            hide_currentwins(matches)
        else:
            restore_wins()
    else:
        subprocess.Popen(app)

run_app(app)

class Indicator():
    def __init__(self):
        self.app = 'toggle_app'
        self.indicator = AppIndicator3.Indicator.new(
            self.app, app,
            AppIndicator3.IndicatorCategory.OTHER)
        self.indicator.set_status(AppIndicator3.IndicatorStatus.ACTIVE)
        self.indicator.set_menu(self.create_menu())

    def create_menu(self):
        self.menu = Gtk.Menu()
        item_toggle = Gtk.MenuItem('Toggle '+app)
        item_toggle.connect("activate", toggle_app)
        self.menu.append(item_toggle)
        sep1 = Gtk.SeparatorMenuItem()
        self.menu.append(sep1)
        item_quit = Gtk.MenuItem('Quit')
        item_quit.connect('activate', self.stop)
        self.menu.append(item_quit)
        self.menu.show_all()
        return self.menu

    def stop(self, source):
        Gtk.main_quit()

Indicator()
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_DFL)
Gtk.main()

How to use

The script needs both wmctrl and xdotool

sudo apt-get install wmctrl xdotool

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as firefox_bg.py
Test_run the script by the command:

python3 /path/to/firefox_bg.py

If all works fine, add it to Startup Applications: Dash > Startup Applications > Add. Add the command:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 10 && python3 /path/to/firefox_bg.py"

Alternatively, copy the code below into an empty file, save it as firefox_bgrunner.desktop in ~/usr/share/applications, log out and back in.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Exec=python3 /path/to/firefox_bg.py
Name=Firefox Webbrowser Background Runner
Icon=firefox
StartupWMClasss=nonsense

*The last line, StartupWMClasss=nonsense is to make sure Firefox windows will appear under their own icon, not the one of the indicator.

No need to mention that you have to edit the Exec= line to reflect the real (absolute) path to where you stored firefox_bg.py

Then you will have the panel runner available from Dash:

Other applications?

I tested the same procedure with gnome-terminal andThunderbird (the latter usually not the quickest to startup), and it works perfectly:

To use with other applications, simply edit the line:

app = "firefox"

Note however that some applications seem to check if their attempt to create a window succeeded, and create a second one if the first one is unmapped. This happened to me with Inkscape.

The script can even then perfectly be used though, but would need a small edit. If anyone ever might need to use it with Inkscape, please leave a comment.


Why is copying to my USB drive so slow in Linux (and faster in Windows)?

Reason 1. File caching can make writes appear slower or faster

  The problem I seem to see in the GUI is that the progress bar goes to 90% almost instantly, completes to 100% a little slower and then hangs there for 10 minutes.

One thing you need to understand is file caching. Linux (and Windows) will use otherwise "empty" RAM to cache read/write operations and make them faster on subsequent accesses. Caching copy operations to slow devices results in the behavior you see -- the "fast completion" is actually writing to the cache, and then it slows and stops because the actual flushing of the data in the cache (sync) to the slow device is taking very long. If you abort at that point, the data is corrupted (as you noted) since the sync never finished.

Such copying in Windows may seem faster (including the reported MB/sec speeds) because sometimes Windows will not wait for the sync, and declare the job completed as soon as the data is written to cache.

Reason 2. Writing lots of files, especially small ones, is slow

  To copy 1.8GB

Because of the way flash memory and filesystems work, the fastest throughput (speed) is achieved when writing very large files. Writing lots of small files, or even mixed data containing a number of small files can slow the process down a lot. This affects hard drives too, but to a somewhat lesser extent.

Reason 3. Write speeds of a USB stick and an SSD cannot be compared

  I have a super talent 32GB USB SSD in the neighboring port and it works at expected speeds.

A garden variety USB stick usually consists of flash memory chips that are written to serially (sequentially), and does not have any cache of its own.
An SSD, on the other hand, contains a controller which writes to the flash memory chips parallel, increasing the throughput by a factor of 2 or more over the USB stick.

If your 32GB SSD had 4x 8GB chips, it would still be 4x faster than the USB stick at any write operation.
The SSD also contains RAM cache (like hard disks), so it can quickly store incoming data in the cache and tell the OS that it's done, while it still has to actually write that data to the flash memory.

So, with one large file, your 32GB GB with the 4x structure we assumed, would be 4x as fast; with many small files, it would be 10x or more faster because it could intelligently store them in its cache.

To sum up, these are the reasons why file copying to USB sticks may appear slower in Linux. Is it actually slower because of a hardware/driver issue or whatever....

Doing a proper comparison of write speeds between Linux and Windows

First of all, forget about the SSD because of reason 3. It's like oranges and apples.
To negate the effects of reason 1 (caching) and reason 2 (small files), you need to test with a single large file, larger than the amount of RAM on the test system.
In Linux you can create it with dd if=/dev/urandom of=largetest bs=1M count=7500, which gives you a 7500 MB test file. Assuming your system has less than 4GB or so of RAM, it's good enough. Copy that to a freshly formatted Sandisk 8GB stick, and time it.
Reboot in Windows, and copy largetest from the USB stick to your hard disk. Reboot again (to remove it from the cache). Then format the USB stick (same vfat/FAT32!), and copy largetest from the hard disk to the stick.
How do the times compare?


My infopanel screenlet is blinking all the time

A similar issue  is addressed here . The given fix is to

  check the  ~username/.config/Screenlets/InfoPanel/default
  where you have the .ini for the
  infopanel. If there are two files,
  delete the newest and log out and login.


How to install and play Roblox with Ubuntu 17.10

ROBLOX is incompatible with Wine and PlayOnLinux.

Try using a virtual machine (VMWare or VirtualBox) and run Windows in a VM.


I found how:

Inside OBS, right click the preview canvas and select Windowed projector (Preview). Then, ask Discord to screen share that window.


Why am i getting an error SyntaxError : invalid syntax

Your parens in the equation for z are unbalanced.


NetworkManager is not an application in Ubuntu and you cannot open it like that. It's a daemon/service that manages network connections.

It's started during boot, but if you want to restart it, you can type e.g.:

sudo service network-manager restart