Require sudo password for shutdown for one session

You can disable it for both GDM and from the menu when logged in.

Edit /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.consolekit.policy and where ever it says

<allow_active>yes</allow_active>

change that to

<allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>

So the file will look like this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE policyconfig PUBLIC
 "-//freedesktop//DTD PolicyKit Policy Configuration 1.0//EN"
 "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/PolicyKit/1.0/policyconfig.dtd">

<!--
Policy definitions for ConsoleKit
-->

<policyconfig>

  <action id="org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.stop">
    <description>Stop the system</description>
    <message>System policy prevents stopping the system</message>
    <defaults>
      <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive>
      <allow_active>no</allow_active>
    </defaults>
  </action>

  <action id="org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.stop-multiple-users">
    <description>Stop the system when multiple users are logged in</description>
    <message>System policy prevents stopping the system when other users are logged in</message>
    <defaults>
      <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive>
      <allow_active>no</allow_active>
    </defaults>
  </action>

  <action id="org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.restart">
    <description>Restart the system</description>
    <message>System policy prevents restarting the system</message>
    <defaults>
      <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive>
      <allow_active>yes</allow_active>
    </defaults>
  </action>

  <action id="org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.restart-multiple-users">
    <description>Restart the system when multiple users are logged in</description>
    <message>System policy prevents restarting the system when other users are logged in</message>
    <defaults>
      <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive>
      <allow_active>yes</allow_active>
    </defaults>
  </action>

</policyconfig>

  Note: You don't have to change the last two sections (they affect restarting), but I'm assuming if you don't want someone shutting down the computer, you don't want them restarting it either.

To do this faster, you could create two version of this file (one that allows normal users to shut down the computer, and one that doesn't) somewhere in your home directory and have a script that copies one of them to
/usr/share/polkit-1/actions/.


Shortcut for windows resizing and placement

Such shortcuts already exist in default Ubuntu with Unity desktop:

Ctrl+Super+Right for right half of screen
Ctrl+Super+Left  for left half of screen

They are part of compiz's grid plugin. If you find that these shortcuts stop working suddenly, install compizconfig-settings-manager and make sure you have grid checked.


Which python packages should I install globally, in a virtual environment, or both?

If you have different python applications used on your system coming from sources files (not from Ubuntu packages), I recommend you to keep your virtual environment. You can set virtual environment in Apache configuration with WSGIPythonHome directive.

More information:
https://modwsgi.readthedocs.io/en/develop/user-guides/virtual-environments.html#embedded-mode-single-application


Is it possible to dual boot Ubuntu on 2016 macbook pro without USB?

Yes.
Download the ISO file for the version of your choice at https://ubuntu.com/download or for a 'flavour' with a different Desktop Environment, download from https://ubuntu.com/download/flavours .

The ISO file you use to create a LiveDVD should be checked for download errors by https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-how-to-verify-ubuntu#0 .

https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-burn-a-dvd-on-macos#0 shows how to create an Ubuntu LiveDVD in MacOS.

Further information may be found at https://www.lifewire.com/dual-boot-linux-and-mac-os-4125733

Once you make a LiveDVD, install it following these steps https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-install-ubuntu-desktop#0 . When you reach 6. Allocate drive space, choose Something Else and divide the existing disk space between MacOS and Ubuntu.


Screen messed up when resumes from suspend

Suggested steps to get back to a working desktop when you have graphics issues regardless of driver.

The steps I usually try are first CtlAltF1 followed by  CtlAltF7.  In some cases this will get it working.

After that, if you're using unity-3d(the default) try unity --replace & in a terminal.  Basically that means launch a new unity to replace the old one.


"Always on Top" disabled for maximized windows

This is probably a "feature". When a window is maximized, and then you also want to put it always on top, you are essentially in a way disabling your entire desktop. You can't switch to another window anymore. To to some extent, this "protects" less experienced users. However, I agree with you that this should not be a reason to disable the setting when the window is full screen, but here it is.

However, Gnome Shell out of the box offers alternate paradigms to achieve what you want.

1) Merely switching using Alt+tab, clicking Gimp in the dash, or searching and selecting it in the overview will bring all Gimp Windows at once in the front. Switching to Firefox will bring your full screen firefox to the front. So no need to temporarily turn on and turn off "set Windows always on front", even with a multi-windowed gimp. One standard task switching operation is sufficient.

2) It gets better if you use your Desktops! Put your multi-window Gimp on a separate workspace. Switch to Gimp any way (Alt+tab, clicking the dash, searching it in the overview), and you will immediately be transferred to Gimp with all its windows neatly laid out, unobstructed by other windows, with your nice wallpaper behind. Alt+Tab again, and you are in your full screen Firefox. With desktops, you have an additional way to switch tasks, so you could Ctrl+Alt+Arrow up/down to switch between the two in their own separated visual context.


Dual boot ubuntu install on Win7 stalls at creating ext4 partition, damages windows installation

Try doing the partition table yourself (not install along windows), chose Something Else at that part and make the partition table.

As I recall, that's the only way to do it manually. You can learn how to do it  HERE.


The suggestens by dessert pointed in the right direction.

I just had to add -display :0.0 again to make it work so the complete command was

xrandr -display :0.0 --output HDMI2 --auto


So Remmina is software which can be used to remote desktop into other machines using protocols such as RDP (remote desktop protocol). To allow people to remote into your machine you need to install a remote desktop server such as XRDP on the machine you want to remote into. You can install this with

sudo apt-get install xrdp

Then to start the service you run

sudo /etc/init.d/xrdp start

Now (assuming firewall and other network settings permit) you should be able to connect to this machine from another using remimina. If this doesn't work you may need to look up port forwarding on your router, so that your router forwards the rdp request to the correct local machine.


It is not possible to roll back an upgrade to the older version. You will need to reinstall using the installation media of that previous Ubuntu version.

It is possible to reinstall a previous version without erasing your user data and user configuration data when you use the advanced options of the installer. However, it is likely easiest and most foolproof to just install fresh and copy your user data back into the new installation.


How to change wallpaper like Mojave in Ubuntu 18.04?

There's an easy way, and a hard way.

Easy Way

Install an application called Variety.  That allows you to change the wallpaper at specific intervals.  So if you want the Night wallpaper to run from 1900 to 0700, you can do that.

Of course, depending on where you are in the world, the length of nights and days may vary during the year.

Hard Way

I'll sketch out how this works, if you're interested.

Write a small Python program to determine sunrise and sunset for your location.
Every 30 minutes, run a cron job to run that program.
If it is past sunset, change the photo to night.
If it is after sunrise, change the photo to day.


How to show other locations/local drives on left pane of file explorer?

/dev/sda6 /media/user/Local Disk2 ntfs auto 0 0

That is seven fields. Try something like:

/dev/sda6 /media/user/Local_Disk2 ntfs auto 0 0

Take a look at man fstab.


what kind of physical server can be enlisted to MAAS via PXE boot

Any server that has IPMI working can be controller by MAAS. Maas also has support for the following power drivers.

American Power Conversion (APC) - PDU
Cisco UCS Manager
Digital Loggers, Inc. - PDU
HP Moonshot - iLO Chassis Manager
HP Moonshot - iLO4 (IPMI)
IBM Hardware Management Console (HMC)
Intel AMT
Manual
Microsoft OCS - Chassis Manager
OpenStack Nova
SeaMicro 15000
Sentry Switch CDU - PDU
VMWare
Virsh (virtual systems)

See offical documentation for more information.


Open the terminal and type:
sudo apt install clang libicu-dev -y
wget https://swift.org/builds/swift-4.2.3-release/ubuntu1804/swift-4.2.3-RELEASE/swift-4.2.3-RELEASE-ubuntu18.04.tar.gz
mkdir ~/swift
tar -xvzf swift-4.2.3-RELEASE-ubuntu18.04.tar.gz -C ~/swift
nano ~/.bashrc

.bashrc will open in the terminal for editing in nano text editor. Paste the following line at the end of .bashrc.
export PATH=~/swift/swift-4.2.3-RELEASE-ubuntu18.04/usr/bin:$PATH

Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+O and after that press Enter to save the file being edited. Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+X to exit nano.
Close the terminal, open a new terminal, and run the following commands.
swift -version # This command should print Swift version 4.2.3.
cd Desktop/
mkdir helloworld-project && cd helloworld-project
swift package init --type executable
swift build
.build/debug/helloworld-project

Results:
Hello, world!

Swift REPL example 1
Swift has an interactive interpreter called the REPL which stands for Read-Eval-Print-Loop. The REPL can be run interactively from the command line as demonstrated in the below example.
$ swift -repl
:0: warning: unnecessary option '-repl'; this is the default for 'swift'
with no input files
Welcome to Swift version 4.2.3 (swift-4.2.3-RELEASE). Type :help for assistance.
  1> // Hello, World! Program
  2> import Swift
  3> print("Hello, World!")
Hello, World!
  4> :exit
Swift REPL example 2
This example executes the same code as example 1 with two differences.

Everything is done in Gedit.
The entire code block is copy/pasted from the edit pane into the terminal pane in Gedit (Embedded Terminal plugin), and run by the Swift interpreter as a block of code instead of one line at a time.


Is Creating a Bootable USB Drive Permanent?

After installation, you can use Disk Utility to reformat the USB drive so that it will work like normal again. The method for doing so can be found in this thread How to format a USB drive?


What Happened to The Latex Symbols In the Libreoffice-Texmaths Equation Editor?

You have to remove packaged TexMaths 0.43-2 and install newest instead with the steps below:

Remove the libreoffice-texmaths package
 sudo apt-get purge libreoffice-texmaths

Remove configuration folder
 rm -rf ~/.config/libreoffice/4/user/TexMaths

Download latest version from TexMaths site, save TexMaths-0.46.1.oxt file.

Open downloaded TexMaths-0.46.1.oxt file in LibreOffice and confirm its installation.

Restart LibreOffice Writer, click  to add new equation:

Note: packaged version do not have buttons in all Ubuntu releases, so I reported bug 1828433.


Move bootloader or remove efi partition in second drive

Follow this procedure to move the boot loader:

Find the UUID of /dev/sdb1 using sudo blkid (copy it)
Change the UUID of boot/efi entry in /etc/fstab with that of
sdb1
sudo grub-install /dev/sdb
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
sudo update-grub
Reboot

Check with lsblk whether /dev/sdb1 be mounted in
/boot/efi.


Ubuntu 18.04.2 Gnome Terminal will no longer launch

Thanks (so much) to Byte Commander for the clue to resolve the problem.

I found the following link: Solve the ubuntu16.04 terminal can not open - Programmer Sought

With a slight variation from the instructions to match the version numbers that I was working with (moving from Python 3.6 and going to Python 3.7) I simply ran the following:

sudo cp _gi_cairo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so _gi_cairo.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
sudo cp _gi.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so _gi.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

Once I did this, I was able to run:

gnome-terminal


Can't extend /home partition with the space on the right

Step 0: Backup your data
Make sure you have up to date and good backup of all your personal files. The backup must be outside your computer. If you haven't backed up your data, stop now and make backup.
Step 1: Boot from an Ubuntu Live Installation CD/DVD/USB
This is important, as you can't change a tire of a car while you are driving it.
Select the Try Ubuntu option.
Step 2: Disable Swap
Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T, or click on the Terminal icon of live CD desktop
sudo swapoff -a

Step 3: Resize Extended Partition /dev/sda4
The logical partition can't be resized until the extended partition in which it resides has the extra space. After the /dev/sda4 is increased to take up all the unallocated space to its right, then there will be space to increase /dev/sda7.
Step 4: Apply
Press the Apply button to actually do the step above. If there is an error, stop.
Step 5: Resize Logical Partition /dev/sda7
Now you should be able to resize the /dev/sda7.
Step 6: Apply
Press the Apply button to actually do the step above. If there is an error, stop.
Hope this helps


My server cant make a connection to the outside

I just had a bad iso -_- . I just reflash it now its works. thanks for all of the help.


Hard disk icon disappears after mounting

Your problem is with the user/group permissions on ext4.
For abc to access read only, you need to set the permissions to 755 (on eg. /home/Ms) with

sudo chmod -R 755 /media/Ms

This will grant read only access for all the users on the system. If you want more security create a new group, add the two users to that group, and chown + chmod

sudo groupadd new_group
sudo usermod -a -G new_group ms
sudo usermod -a -G new_group abc
sudo chown ms:new_group -R /media/Ms
sudo chmod 770 -R /media/Ms

This will set the permissions to rwxrwx---, and only the two users can access the Ms folder.


The Thinkpad T480 boasts 30 hours of battery life, I'm getting 6

That's because Ubuntu is hardware-agnostic and you need to set the battery savings yourself for your particular hardware.


Similar programs to Tomboy, but with reminders

There is a fork of Tomboy called GTG (Getting Things Gnome) that aims to help the user getting things done. I am not certain if it includes alarms or periodic notifications like you request, but it might be of interest to you.


Onboard/USB keyboard doesn't work (Ubuntu 14.04)

The issue was that slow keys was on.

Turning them off under System Settings > Universal Access > Typing fixed the whole keyboard issue.


Problem with determining "security updates"

Apparently yes.

From the function definition in /usr/lib/update-notifier/apt_check.py :

 def isSecurityUpgrade(ver):
     " check if the given version is a security update (or masks one) "

Did you notice or masks one ?

  How are the "-updates" and "-security" pockets different?

  -updates includes things that have gone through the StableReleaseUpdates process, and contain various important bug fixes.
  Anything built for "-updates" is built on top of which ever version of
  a package is newest between "-updates" and "-security", so that
  nothing in "-updates" will introduce security regressions.

  -security includes only updated packages that contain security-related fixes, and are built to not require anything from "-updates". Anything
  built for "-security" is built on top of which ever version of a
  package is newest between "-updates" and "-security", so that nothing
  in "-security" will introduce bug regressions.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SecurityTeam/FAQ#Repositories

Follow the link for more details.


Kubuntu 16.04 lts no wifi. Doesn't even show in menu

You installed a wrong driver. Connect to the internet and run:

sudo apt purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt install firmware-b43-installer


pygame installation for ubuntu 12.04 LTS

Download the tarball for pygame from here:

Debian repository for pygame

(choose this if you are not sure which one to download)

Extract the tarball using tar -zxvf filename. And then cd to the extracted directory and run python setup.py.

Source: Installation instructions for pygame


First, I suggest you update your Ubuntu to 12.04 and try again. A lot of enablement work for systems with Ubuntu preinstalled is rolled into new releases, so there's a good chance it may work then.

Second, I think I've seen reports about the W510 only being able to suspend/hibernate if you install the proprietary NVidia drivers. You may want to also try that if your W510 is Nvidia-equipped.


why Wine can not find file in app folder

Are you trying to run a file located in your home directory or your desktop? If so, wine can't locate it because it's outside its own directory structure.

Try this:

Copy file.exe to the default wine installation:

cp file.exe $HOME/.wine/drive_c/

Execute that file:

wine $HOME/.wine/drive_c/file.exe


Cannot Install GNOME Tweaks on Ubuntu 20.04

Gnome Tweaks is part of the "universe" repository, so you'll want to make sure that's enabled:
sudo add-apt-repository universe

From there, update apt:
sudo apt update

Then you can install Gnome Tweaks:
sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

From there, you can find it in your application menu:

Hope this helps.


Broken dependencies after trying to uninstall nvidia-390

I solved a similar broken dependency problem by first running this:

sudo apt remove nvidia-*

That didn't work but before failing it gave me a list of all the packages that were going to be removed. I used that in conjunction with dpkg:

sudo dpkg -r xxx

replacing xxx by the names listed before. A few packages gave an error because they weren't actually installed, but the others got removed. Then I did:

sudo apt install
sudo apt autoremove

and everything was back to normal.


I mistakenly purged gsettings-desktop-schemas; how can I recover?

Boot to your damaged Mate 14.04, connect it using network cable.
When you reach low graphic message, switch to virtual console tty1 using Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Login then run ifconfig check you network interface name.

~$ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr f2:11:df:ff:59:0c
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
          Interrupt:20 Memory:f7e00000-f7e20000

If you can't see any, use ifconfig -a instead, then enable it using sudo ifup eth0.

Use the name you got to auto configure it using DHCP.

sudo dhclient eth0

To check connection

~$ ping google.com
PING google.com (216.58.208.238) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from par10s22-in-f14.1e100.net (216.58.208.238): icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=57.5 ms
64 bytes from par10s22-in-f14.1e100.net (216.58.208.238): icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=59.8 ms

Fix the desktop by reinstall all missing packages

sudo apt-get install mate-desktop

Reboot

You are done!


Key icon in system tray; what does it mean?

The key icon is to symbolise that one or more of the applications are running with sudo permissions.

This is normal if you are installing anything new, or you were system updating.


Problems while using 'quickly create' on ubuntu.

you have to write the command like

quickly create ubuntu-application mybrowser

you are missing the - between Ubuntu-application template.


You can disable PIN checking using the built in GSM modem as described here.


Unetbootin USB persistence for Ubuntu 12.10 doesn't work

Follow the tutorial HERE if you were successful building and booting the thumbdrive then I would check as to what format you used.

For a persistence to exist the thumbdrive needs to be formatted in FAT32. They other thing is I have never set the persistence to more than 1/3rd of the total capacity of the drive. This has been the rule-of-thumb or (thumbdrive) for me.


Can I install exodus 'wallet' for ethereum & bitcoin on Ubuntu 16.04?

Exodus co-founder here... You can place the folder wherever you like. We recommend just dropping it in your home directory. You can then run Exodus by just double-clicking on the Exodus program or by running it directly from the terminal: ./Exodus.

Long-term, we'll probably offer a .deb so that it can easily be installed in the proper location. Also, note that it'll only run on 64-bit Linux.


Fresh install + a few installs using 45GiB Space?

Here a small list of tools you can use to see disk usage

Graphical Userinterface

baobab

  Disk Usage Analyzer (aka baobab) is a graphical, menu-driven
  application to analyse disk usage in a GNOME environment. It can
  easily scan either the whole filesystem tree, or a specific
  user-requested directory branch (local or remote).

  It also auto-detects in real-time any changes made to your home
  directory as far as any mounted/unmounted device. Disk Usage Analyzer
  also provides a full graphical treemap window for each selected
  folder.

Terminal

ncdu
df
du

baobab should be a good helper for beginners to visualize the disk your home folder

45GB sounds way to much for a clean install, but i cant judge on your home folder and whatever you placed there


In case anyone else needs to know:  Inspired by @Jos answer, I loaded up a virtualbox running windows and searched for the skip-triggers text.  Turns out there was a file named "--skip-triggers" containing mysql output.  I deleted that file and all is well.  Thanks.


How to enable HTTP/2 on Apache (in Ubuntu 14)

Considering the http2 module is considered too experimental to be made available in 16.04, I doubt official 14.04 packages would have it available. This Digital Ocean forum post suggests that Ondřej Surý's Apache2 PPA has this feature enabled, so try that.


I tried to install it on 12.04, with the same result. The file you mention is a .deb installer file that you can (normally) install by just double clicking. You did everything right, but it turns out that the patch cannot be installed on the latest (update of) nautilus. see this bug report.

A quick search for a possible workaround gave me this: if you have synaptic package manager installed: search for nautilus, select nautilus, and choose package from the menu, in the dropdown menu  > package > force version. then choose the previous version of nautilus:

See also this link to hold packages of a certain version (especially the "Introduction to Holding Packages" - section)


How to I correctly change the default data directory for Docker?

This issue has do with systemd uses files.

As documented in man file-hierarchy, the /lib directory is for read-only vendor-supplied files, while /etc is for "system-specific configuration", which may override the default vendor-supplied files in /lib.

The correct place to place your modifications are in /etc/sytemd/system.

You can either completely replace the file in question with a file in /etc/ or you use a "drop-in" template to override only part of the file.

Search man systemd.unit for "Drop-in" for the details.

Files in /lib will continue to get overwritten during package upgrades, while changes to /etc/ will be preserved.

The advice about /lib vs /etc applies generally, not just to systemd.

systemd drop-in unit example

In /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/10-fix-execstart.conf:

[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -g "/mnt/var/lib/docker" -H fd://

So, you are following a pattern to create a file in a directory named after the service you want to override, declaring just the specific section and directive you want to override.

From man systemd.service:

  If the empty string is assigned to this option, the list of commands to start is reset, prior assignments of this option will have no effect.


Ubuntu on MacBook Pro 15,1 (2018) Grub error

Do you have MacOS still installed?
If so you might need to manually mount the EFI partition as it may not have been detected automatically. GRUB needs it to be installed to /boot/EFI in this case that folder is mounted under /target by the installer.

If you don't have MacOS then you should have been prompted to partition the disk and create one, which would then be mounted automatically. If that didn't work you could try manual partitioning or mounting.

To mount the EFI partition you can just use mount /dev/sdxY /target/boot/EFI before trying to install GRUB. To find the "x" and "Y" in /dev/sdxY look in the partitioner or use a command like lsblk.

It might also be possible to select an already existing EFI partition in the installer and mark it to be used. The last time I installed on a Mac I used the text installer, this option might not be available in the live version.

Note: The partitioning tools and command line programs seem to call the EFI partition "ESP".

Another option could be to skip GRUB entirely and use a bootloader like rEFInd which can also boot MacOS.


Automatically adjust the volume based on content?

Adjusting sound level with a LADSPA plugin
To obtain a fairly normalized sound output level independent of the input level we may use a LADSPA-plugin to filter the sound output through PulseAudio.

see also: How can I apply a LADSPA plugin to a PulseAudio stream?

As a minimum, we need a compressor plugin such as the dysonCompressor from the swh-plugins which need to be installed if not yet present.
After having found out the name of our default sink with
pacmd list-sinks

and the exact name of the plugin as it is stored in /usr/lib/ladspa/ (with my system here dyson_compress_1403) we can issue the following command
pacmd load-module module-ladspa-sink sink_name=ladspa_sink master=<alsa_output> plugin=dyson_compress_1403 label=dysonCompress control=0,1,0.5,0.99

Replace <alsa_output> with the exact name of the output sink (in my system this was alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo).
The compressed output can now be heard on the newly created output sink ladspa_sink accessible from the Sound Settings menu.

Control settings for the compressor plugin are as follows: peak limit, release time, fast ratio, ratio. See in the plugin documentation for more details, defaults and minimal resp maximal values for these controls.
To avoid clipping of playback we may also combine this plugin with a limiter after compression. We may use the fast_lookahead_limiter for this with the master sink being now our just created lasdpa_sink from above:
pacmd load-module module-ladspa-sink sink_name=ladspa_normalized master=ladspa_sink plugin=fast_lookahead_limiter_1913 label=fastLookaheadLimiter control=10,0,0.8

Source: settings above were adapted to pulseaudio from brien's blog on miscfits


you should probably also set zfs.fsName using --storage-opt zfs.fsName="filesystem name"

alternatively you can mount a zfs filesystem to /var/lib/docker


After struggling with login loop for 3 days on Ubuntu 16.04 I changed to Ubuntu 17.10 and all issues related to login loop have gone. So I highly recommend to uninstall your current version and install Ubuntu 17.10.

Hope this helps.


Is it possible to use Unity's application menu with GNOME-Shell?

Yes you can! Here is a page with complete instructions:

http://www.webupd8.org/2011/09/get-global-menu-in-gnome-shell.html

Though it doesn't work as good as in Unity yet so use it at your own risk.


How to see why "snapd.refresh.service" failed to start on startup?

You can also use systemctl status to look at the tail of the logs, plus any other information that systemd has about that service:

systemctl status snapd.refresh.service

For example:

$ systemctl status lightdm.service
● lightdm.service - Light Display Manager
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/lightdm.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
  Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/lightdm.service.d
           └─override.conf
        /lib/systemd/system/display-manager.service.d
           └─xdiagnose.conf
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2016-06-12 09:27:09 IST; 2 days ago
     Docs: man:lightdm(1)
 Main PID: 2218 (lightdm)
   CGroup: /system.slice/lightdm.service
           ├─2218 /usr/sbin/lightdm
           └─2245 /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg -core :0 -seat seat0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch

Jun 12 09:27:12 host lightdm[2278]: PAM unable to dlopen(pam_kwallet5.so): /lib/security/pam_kwallet5.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Jun 12 09:27:12 host lightdm[2278]: PAM adding faulty module: pam_kwallet5.so
Jun 12 09:27:13 host lightdm[2278]: pam_unix(lightdm-greeter:session): session opened for user lightdm by (uid=0)
Jun 12 09:27:28 host lightdm[2490]: PAM unable to dlopen(pam_kwallet.so): /lib/security/pam_kwallet.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Jun 12 09:27:28 host lightdm[2490]: PAM adding faulty module: pam_kwallet.so
Jun 12 09:27:28 host lightdm[2490]: PAM unable to dlopen(pam_kwallet5.so): /lib/security/pam_kwallet5.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Jun 12 09:27:28 host lightdm[2490]: PAM adding faulty module: pam_kwallet5.so
Jun 12 09:27:28 host lightdm[2490]: pam_succeed_if(lightdm:auth): requirement "user ingroup nopasswdlogin" not met by user "muru"
Jun 12 09:27:36 host lightdm[2490]: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session opened for user muru by (uid=0)
Jun 15 05:53:19 host systemd[1]: [/etc/systemd/system/lightdm.service.d/override.conf:2] Executable path is not absolute, ignoring: true

Information of note:

state of the service (enabled/disabled) as well as the state set by the vendor (package, in this case)
location of service file, plus locations of any overriding files (the "Drop-In" files)
PID, cgroup and child processes


How do I manage changing users in a charm?

Your install script could be failing for multiple reasons:

If the group does not previously exist the useradd command will throw an error:
useradd: group 'coolgroup' does not exist

The solution to this problem is to make the group before calling useradd.

If the parent directory of the user home ($dir in your example) does not exist the useradd command will raise an error:
useradd: cannot create directory /non/default/home/dir

The solution to this is to create the parent directory if it does not already exist.

If the home directory already exists useradd will not copy the skeleton files:
useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.
Not copying any file from skel directory into it.

The solution to this problem is to create the parent directory (using dirname).  This may be why your original script copies the skel files over to the user directory.

You can see these errors in the juju log file for the charm unit.  It is highly recommended to run bash scripts with set -e so the script stops at the first error.  I also like to use set -x to show the commands being run in the log file.

I wrote a quick charm to test this problem out:

$ mkdir /tmp/trusty
$ cd /tmp/trusty
$ charm create user -t bash
$ vi user/hooks/install
$ juju deploy --repository=../../ local:trusty/user

This creates a skeleton "user" charm, I then edited user/hooks/install with the following:

#!/bin/bash

set -ex

dir=/non/default/home/dir
bash=/bin/bash
user=newuser
group=coolgroup
pass="JujuIsMagic!"

# The group must be created before trying to add the user.
groupadd "$group"
#  The parent directory must be created if this directory is not standard.
mkdir -p `dirname $dir`
useradd -d "$dir" -s "$bash" -g "$group" -m $user
echo "$user:$pass" | chpasswd

su - "$user" --command 'whoami'
su - "$user" --command 'ls -al $dir'

The output of the install script for the user charm is:

$ tail -F /var/log/juju-mbruzek-local/unit-user-0.log
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install + dir=/non/default/home/dir
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install + bash=/bin/bash
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install + user=newuser
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install + group=coolgroup
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install + pass='JujuIsMagic!'
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install + groupadd coolgroup
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install ++ dirname /non/default/home/dir
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install + mkdir -p /non/default/home
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install + useradd -d /non/default/home/dir -s /bin/bash -g coolgroup -m newuser
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install + echo 'newuser:JujuIsMagic!'
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install + chpasswd
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install + su - newuser --command whoami
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install newuser
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install + su - newuser --command 'ls -al $dir'
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install total 20
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install drwxr-xr-x 2 newuser coolgroup 4096 Aug 25 09:49 .
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install drwxr-xr-x 3 root    root      4096 Aug 25 09:49 ..
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install -rw-r--r-- 1 newuser coolgroup  220 Apr  8 20:03 .bash_logout
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install -rw-r--r-- 1 newuser coolgroup 3637 Apr  8 20:03 .bashrc
2014-08-25 14:49:47 INFO install -rw-r--r-- 1 newuser coolgroup  675 Apr  8 20:03 .profile

You can see the skeleton files are copied over from the useradd command.  You can run individual commands as the other use with su or sudo from the hook files.


Ubuntu 16.04 doesn't detect my second monitor

Perhaps ubuntu does not support that type of connection port the dock uses to convert all the ports in the back, sorry for the lack of knowledge but from the top of my head that is what I think it is.


Well if you're having problems downloading the Nike Plus Application then you could try downloading it with a different browser. Or if you're really desperate and its the Nike Plus Connect Software (Your Description isn't entirely accurate) try typing or copying this into your terminal:

wget http://nikerunning.nike.com/nikeplus/connect/installers/windows/Nike+Connect_Installer.exe

If on the other hand the software isn't running then you'll need WINE which should be available in the Software Centre, it allows you to run Windows software as I can't see a Linux version on their site.


How to setup and use the snap version UFW in 16.04 LTS?

I installed UFW- no previous version was present- on Ubuntu Core 16.04 as below without issues:

sudo snap install ufw

and sudo snap interfaces confirms it's recognized:

:firewall-control                    network-manager,ufw,wifi-ap

UFW version I'm using:

sudo snap list ufw
    Name  Version  Rev  Tracking  Publisher   Notes
    ufw   0.36     296  stable    canonical✓  -

It's been a few years since you posted your issue, so maybe you ran into a bug. But as of 20190508 installing UFW installs without issue.


Q: dual-boot : Windows 10 and Kubuntu 16.10 -> GRUB corrupt every Windows boot

Ok, I've managed to resolve my problem.

From what I've understood - main problem has happened after installing EXT2FSD v0.69 on Windows 10.

First thing I've been done was uninstalling it before any further work. But  yesterday - I've found that even after uninstalling, service of EXT2FSD was installed and working on my system.

I've deleted it by

sc delete ext2fsd

then fixed ext4 filesystem by fsck and all problems gone....


Kernel panic on boot up with 13.10 live-USB

Perhaps the USB may not have created the filesystem properly, so I would reformat the USB Flash Drive (as FAT32, the most common format for bootable USB FlashDrives) then reinstall the LiveUSB with Universal USB Installer again.

When the PC reboots, disable the UEFI function in your BIOS. I believe the BIOS listing should be UEFI/Legacy Boot and changing that to Legacy Only will solve the other possible source of your problem.

It's also a general good idea to specify which version (e.g., Ubuntu with Unity, Ubuntu GNOME, Kubuntu, Xubuntu or Lubuntu) of Ubuntu you are trying to install.


Is it safe to pass commands in startup applications

If you are absolutely sure the filename/path is correct, I don't see why you shouldn't do it.

however

Startup Applications creates a .desktop file in ~/.config/autostart. You cannot use relative or variable paths like $HOME in a .desktop file, the command simply won't run. You need to use absolute paths.


Create a launcher for Kile built from source?

I'm not totally familiar with KDE, but I know it's underlying launcher/menu system is the same as GNOME, Xfce4, etc.  To make a launcher for any program (anything, really) make an empty text file and put this in it:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=
GenericName=
Comment=
Exec=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=

This is a skeleton launcher file.  You can see examples in the /usr/share/applications directory.  Just fill it in accordingly:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Kile
GenericName=LaTeX Editor
Comment=This is a menu tool tip if you want one
Exec=KDEDIRS=$HOME/kile-install:$KDEDIRS $HOME/kile-install/bin/kile
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=/path/to/your/kile/icon
Categories=These are the menu categories if you wanted it in the menu, but not necessary for just a launcher.

Now save the file as kile.desktop

Now make the file executable.  Once executable the file will change.  It should now appear as the icon and name you chose rather than "kile.desktop".  Double click it and your program should open.

Since you are using paths and such in your Exec= field things may not work correctly.  I don't know since I've never tried.  This would be easily remedied if it doesn't, so just let me know.

Hope that was helpful.

EDIT: I see that it failed to execute.  I can think of 2 simple fixes.  The easiest is to make the Exec= field look like this:

Exec=sh -c "KDEDIRS=$HOME/kile-install:$KDEDIRS $HOME/kile-install/bin/kile"

That should work.  Another way, is to create a shell script.  Make a blank text file and put this in it:

#!bin/bash
KDEDIRS=$HOME/kile-install:$KDEDIRS $HOME/kile-install/bin/kile

Save it as "kile.sh" or whatever, and make it executable.  Now you ought to be able to launch Kile directly by executing the file, or you can add the path to kile.sh to your launcher file's Exec= field:

Exec=/path/to/kile.sh

Also, if you put kile.sh in your $PATH, such as ~/bin, you'll be able to launch Kile by typing kile.sh in a terminal rather than the long command.

If none of that works then I have made a typo :)


Set runlevel... not working out as promised

Ubuntu 16.04 uses systemd instead of the old init system. The command you're looking for is:

sudo systemctl isolate multi-user.target

You can also change the default boot behavior with

sudo systemctl set default multi-user.target

To return to regular system state you'll need to isolate or set the graphical.target.

You can read more here: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/systemd


Go to System Settings..., then click on the Detail icon, then select Default Applications, like so:

Cheers, Al


Your Ubuntu partition must have a drive letter assigned to it in Windows 7. Go to Disk Management in Windows 7 and remove that drive letter. And you won't see it any longer.


Package operation failed due to incorrect version of Python

You basically have to reset the link of /usr/bin/python to point to 2.5:

ls -l /usr/bin/python

sudo rm /usr/bin/python
sudo ln -s python2.5 /usr/bin/python

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get upgrade


custom display scaling in ubuntu 18.04lts not working

try using Gsettings GUI, open it with

dconf-editor

find your SCHEMADIR,

org.gnome.desktop.interface

and choose text-scaling-factor
finally change a value from 1 to 1.2

Hope this helps.


How to bind VSFTPD to a specific domain name on a shared hosting?

All needed iptables commands

clear existing chains

sudo iptables --flush
sudo iptables --delete-chain

allow loopback

sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

allow all ICMP

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT

allow established connections

sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

allow public services
but deny ftp for domain `domain2.com

FTP

sudo iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -m string --string "Host: domain2.com" --algo bm -j DROP
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT

HTTP

sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

HTTPS

sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT

SSH

sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

allow forward

sudo iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT

deny all accept above rules

sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

default policies

sudo iptables -P INPUT DROP
sudo iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT

save

sudo service iptables save


NVME can't see S.M.A.R.T. in gnome-disk-utility

This is a known issue in the underlying udisks program used by gnome-disks.
There already exist a issue on the gitlab page https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-disk-utility/issues/50 and upstream on the udisks issue tracker https://github.com/storaged-project/udisks/issues/386


How to compare any string from output through shell script of unix command

Basically, you want this structure

if grep -q "un-clean"  /path/to/log_file.log ;
then
    # put some command in case we find result is unclean
else
    # if the output is ok, do something else
fi

All it does is to silently (without printing to screen) check if there is  a match of string "unclean" in the file . If there is we do the if part, otherwise - we do else part.

Here's an example:

$> if grep -q 'root' /etc/passwd ; then  echo "This user exists" ; else echo "This user doesn't exist"; fi
This user exists
$> if grep -q 'NOEXIST' /etc/passwd ; then  echo "This user exists" ; else echo "This user doesn't exist"; fi
This user doesn't exist

What also can be done is to start command you want from script, but in background. That way we can have it's PID. Here's what I mean

$> echo "HelloWorld"   &
[1] 6876

Adding & causes echo "HelloWorld" run in background, and we have it's PID stored in $! variable.  Thus, we can do something like,

some-command  &
CMD_PID=$!
if grep -q "un-clean"  /path/to/log_file.log ;
then
         kill -TERM $CMD_PID
else
        # if the output is ok, do something else
fi


Cinnamon themes don't show up in Cinnamon settings

I don't have that cinnamon but the following instruction works very well:

If you are using any Mint application (like your currnet cinnamon), remove that application and PPA from your system.

now install this one for Ubuntu 12.04:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tsvetko.tsvetkov/cinnamon
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cinnamon

my recommendation is to install mint themes to have a better experience:

sudo apt-get install mint-themes


How to uninstall Ubuntu 16.04 running alongside Windows 10

You can overwrite grub2 by repairing Windows bootloader from Windows 10 install DVD.
Open Command Line on Windows and type bootsect /nt60 sys /mbrThis will write Windows bootloader on MBR.

Then from Windows you can remove Ubuntu (and swap/home) partition.


What Ubuntu type to use to setup proxy server

It doesn't matter. The difference between Ubuntu server and Ubuntu desktop is the default package selection. You can run common proxy software, like squid, on both.

On the other hand - having a graphical environment on a dedicated proxy server does not matter either. You have to configure it using text files, and you don't need the graphical interface for anything. So the conventional setup would be a headless box with ssh login.


Since it is stuck in downloaing there might be some problem with internet connection.

I will suggest,

Download appropriate ISO from http://releases.ubuntu.com/precise/
Copy the ISO to same directory of wubi.exe
Now run wubi.exe

If you are using 32bit version of ubuntu. Use --32bit argument.
Open cmd. Navigate to the directory and then execute wubi.exe --32bit


sdcard drive not detected so sdcards not showing up in Ubuntu 16.04 unlike 14.04

I fixed the problem by patching the 4.11 RC8,7 & 5 kernels and compiling them for the Hannspree HDMI Intel Baytrail stick.
For those interested who happen to have the irq8 conflict problem, I uploaded my one patched Kernel 4.11-RC8 deb files (image & header)
It's a zip file - passw: 2020
https://www.dropbox.com/s/sbc04c2u46vxgye/Linux-4.11-RC8.zip?dl=0
the patch comes from here:
https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/6137291/


Turning down wireless button turns down external usb wireless. Lubuntu 12.10

Adding some infos.

With

sudo iwconfig wlan0 txpower off

it turns off both. Anyway in 20 seconds it turns on automatically. (and the led stays on, btw)

The only solution I can get by myself is to turn it down via BIOS. What an ugly workaroud :-(

Expert needed here!


Application with Output similar to the GUI output of "WireShark"

Sure, tshark  (text shark) is the same program, but with a noninteractive command line interface.

You can also run tshark on the server and transfer the captures over ssh to a wireshark gui running somewhere else.

For example:

  mbp@joy% sudo tshark -i wlan0 -p  -R 'http'
  Capturing on wlan0
  3.929359 192.168.178.22 -> 66.102.11.104 HTTP GET / HTTP/1.1
  4.104763 66.102.11.104 -> 192.168.178.22 HTTP HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently  (text/html)
  4.118925 192.168.178.22 -> 66.102.11.104 HTTP GET / HTTP/1.1
  4.295749 66.102.11.104 -> 192.168.178.22 HTTP HTTP/1.1 302 Found  (text/html)
  4.355713 192.168.178.22 -> 66.102.11.104 HTTP GET / HTTP/1.1
  4.560568 66.102.11.104 -> 192.168.178.22 HTTP HTTP/1.1 200 OK  (text/html)
  4.588767 192.168.178.22 -> 66.102.11.104 HTTP GET /images/nav_logo40.png HTTP/1.1

You can also do tshark ... |tee packetlog so it goes both to the screen and to the file.

Or, alternatively, tshark -w stuff.pcap will write the raw packets into that file, which you can then copy to another machine and open within the wireshark gui, if you want to do more in-depth investigation.


How to keep the code running even after the GUI frontend is exited?

You'll want to look at byobu or screen for this. Then you can close the terminal window and the shell is still running. Afterwards, you can connect back to it. This is also useful when you want to connect to it from a different machine using ssh. That is very popular with IRC clients, for instance.


From man dunst "dunst - A customizable and lightweight notification-daemon."

Unfortunately, it suffers from very poor memory leaking. A quick google search brings up several results with this issue

Are you using spotify? That is a very quick way for Dunst to rack up RAM usage as every time the song changes you get a notification which stays in memory forever(until dunst is killed).

I haven't found a fix, short of removing dunst, so your best bet is to run top then Shift + m to sort by memory usage.

Dunst should be at the top or near the top. Look to the left column to get the PID in this case, 10078.

then kill the dunst pid in this case:

kill 10078

In my case, RAM usage was reduced by 22% doing that. However, Dunst will just consume more memory as you keep using your PC so you will have to do this often until Dunst is updated.

As for your question "Is it necessary or useful?" it isn't necessary; depending on your programs it can be useful. Personally it only takes about ~15 seconds to kill it every hour or so of listening to spotify so I don't uninstall it, but if you do nothing will be lost. You can remove it with

sudo apt-get purge dunst


First of all make sure that your computer is able to boot up DVD's or USB units from the BIOS. (BIOS is the low graphic system just after starting the computer up).

When you start your computer, make sure to enter the BIOS menu by hitting either F2, F!, ESC or even try F9. I don't know what pc-model you have, you may want to search that up if possible.

So, when you have done that, search up any option related to the boot order of your system devices. If you find such an option, make sure to place the USB in front of your hard-drives in your boot order, then save the setup, and try to boot from the USB pen again.

However, if this doesn't work, make sure to visit www.ubuntu.com and read carefully about installing ubuntu from Windows.

Good luck with your installation, that is the best answer i can give based on your information you provided here.


Newbie question - CD cmd not working - what am I doing wrong?

Ubuntu is Case Sensitive.

cd Documents would work.

cd documents failed because there is no directory documents.


how install mysql 5.6 and mysql workbench 6.0.9 on ubuntu 13.10

MySql server 64-Bit

open your terminal and paste these line after line

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.16-debian6.0-x86_64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-5.6.16-debian6.0-x86_64.deb

That will install MySQL server.

MySQL Workbench 64-bit

open your terminal and paste these line after line

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQLGUITools/mysql-workbench-community-6.0.9-1ubu1310-amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-workbench-community-6.0.9-1ubu1310-amd64.deb

That will install MySQL workbench.

Hope that helps.


I solved it. After trying for 3 hours I saw a little man icon on top of the screen beside network connection. I never saw it before and don't know what's it actual functionality is. When I click it there is an option zoom which is enabled. So I turned it off, bam it came to normal


Thanks to Rinzwind in the comment section I managed to solve the problem by deleting the original script, adding imwheel to startup programs and manually changing the ~/.imwheelrc file.

from:

".*"
None, Up, Button4,
None, Down, Button5,
Control_L, Up, Control_L|Button4
Control_L, Down, Control_L|Button5
Shift_L, Up, Shift_L|Button4
Shift_L, Down, Shift_L|Button5

to:

".*"
None, Up, Button4, 2
None, Down, Button5, 2
Control_L, Up, Control_L|Button4
Control_L, Down, Control_L|Button5
Shift_L, Up, Shift_L|Button4
Shift_L, Down, Shift_L|Button5

Where 2 represents the scroll speed.


Can I install Ubuntu 12.10 on an hp desktop that has UEFI

UEFI is not an impediment to installing Ubuntu 12.10. Contrary to one comment, it's not an impediment for 12.04, either, or even several earlier versions -- but Ubuntu's UEFI support has improved with recent releases, so it's better in 12.10 than in 12.04.

That said, you may need to do things differently than you would on a BIOS-based computer. Windows 8 machines also usually ship with Secure Boot enabled, which can cause problems. (This is an area in which 12.10 is supposedly better than 12.04, but I've seen a few problem reports even with 12.10, so you may have to disable Secure Boot in your firmware.)

I've heard that the image file used to distribute Ubuntu boots successfully in EFI mode from CD, but not when burned to USB drive. I ran across instructions for adapting it recently, but I didn't save the URL, so I'm afraid I can't point you to it.


Python Installation in Downloads Directory -- Better Location?

It's "installed" so the ~/Downloads/Python-2.7.9 directory is safe to delete. However, you can keep it somewhere you like as backup.


Ubuntu 16.04: Firefox comes up, but freezes

You might not have given the guest OS enough memory in Virtualbox. Open the Virtualbox settings and set it to 2048 and retry Firefox... or boot directly to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB and see if Firefox works OK for you.


To do this, you need to set the $TMP environment variable. This can be done per-user or globally. More information is available here. What you need to do is add
TMP=${HOME}/tmp

to the appropriate file (e.g. ~/.pam_environment to set it for one user) where tmp is the dir inside the user(s)' home directory you want to use for temp files.
Changes take effect the next time the user logs in.


Lubuntu 14.04 how to hide taskbar on second screen

If the first screen is smaller than the second and your LXPanel is on the bottom you should be able to achieve the desired result by merely aligning the tops of the two screens.  If the bottoms are aligned then the panel will show up on both monitors.


Ubuntu 16.04 : Internet Drops Within Few Seconds

In your wireless info, we see this:

Cell 01 - Address: <MAC 'FLAT DX' [AC1]>
                    Channel:10
                    Frequency:2.457 GHz (Channel 10)
                    Quality=69/70  Signal level=-41 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"FLAT DX"
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
                              9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
                    Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Mode:Master
                    Extra:tsf=0000000012ee0ab0
                    Extra: Last beacon: 284ms ago
                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    IE: WPA Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK

The channel, 10, is quite unusual to select as it’s an overlapped channel. We suspect, also because of this, that the router is set to auto channel select:

  ath10k_pci 0000:03:00.0: no channel configured; ignoring frame(s)!

Here is an interesting discussion of the pitfalls of auto channel select: https://superuser.com/questions/1311149/why-do-wifi-routers-do-such-a-bad-job-of-channel-selection

Please check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred.

We have worked on some cases where a space in the name of the SSID was detrimental to connectivity. I suggest that you rename the SSID to FLAT_DX or FLATDX or some such.

After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

sudo nano /etc/default/crda

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Is there any improvement?


Which Nvidia driver is needed for a GT 610 graphics card?

Install the latest stable NVIDIA drivers supporting GT 610 from the Proprietary GPU drivers PPA.

Before you install new drivers uninstall every NVIDIA related software you have installed before.

Open a terminal and execute :

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo reboot

Then install the latest current stable NVIDIA drivers from the long-lived branch by executing :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352
sudo reboot

In case you are using a notebook with a hybrid graphics solution install Optimus support as well.

sudo apt-get install nvidia-prime

To switch between intel and nvidia graphics - open NVIDIA X Server Settings -> Prime Profiles.


Ubuntu 15.10 No interface, just the wallpaper

I had this same issue on my desktop computer, with Ubuntu 14.04
I found that problem is with the graphics incompatibility. Are you using and graphics cards and any 3rd party graphics driver?

Try to unplug it and then reinstall..if it will not work then try some other light weight desktop environment..I presume your Xorg file is the main culprit


No wifi on HP Pavilion DV7 with Ubuntu 12,04

The driver will be installed by

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source


Where to find Ubuntu change logs (esp the kernel)

Try apt changelog

apt changelog linux-headers-$(uname -r)


How to run executables directly from nautilus?

In order to run executable files from nautilus, you just have to double click on them.

The reason why you don't see anything is probably because the programs you are making are terminal applications (without a Graphical User Interface) and thus are run on the background, without anywhere to display their output.

So, while the program itself is run, you do not see the result of it.

If an application has a Graphical User Interface then you will have absolutely no problem in running it by double clicking it.

What I do in order to solve this problem, is download the package nautilus-open-terminal (requires relogin to enable it) which adds a "open terminal here" option to nautilus.

So, whenever I want to run something from the current directory with doesn't have a GUI, I open a terminal at the current directory and I run it through the terminal.


In order to make each positional parameter expand to a separate word, you need to double-quote $@ as well as the loop variable "$file". From man bash:

   @      Expands to the positional parameters, starting from  one.   When
          the  expansion  occurs  within  double  quotes,  each  parameter
          expands to a separate word.  That is, "$@" is equivalent to "$1"
          "$2"  ...


You should just need to make sure the check mark is against 'Show Message Window' in the View menu:

However, even if you have this selected you might not see the message window at the bottom of the screen and may need to pull it up with the mouse. After that you should see this at the bottom of the Geany main screen:

If you still can't get the desired result, also check menu > edit > preferences > interface and look at the options there regarding the 'Message window', not the sidebar. You can choose between showing the 'Message window', which includes the terminal window, at the bottom or on the right:


There is no way to upgrade from 11.04 to 12.04 directly, you'll need to upgrade from 11.04 to 11.10 and then from 11.10 to 12.04.

So the answer to your question is NO - if all you have is 12.04 ISO image and no internet access, the only way to get 12.04 is to install it either separately or on top of 11.04.

(additionally, I'm not sure it's even possible to upgrade using ISO at all - most of the software you install after installing Ubuntu is not included on the cdrom. A typical download when upgrading from version to version is 1.5-2Gb)


You can install PSPP by using its package and dependencies from 20.10.
cd ~/Downloads
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gsl/libgsl25_2.6+dfsg-2_amd64.deb
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gsl/libgslcblas0_2.6+dfsg-2_amd64.deb
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/spread-sheet-widget/libspread-sheet-widget_0.6-3_amd64.deb
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pspp/pspp_1.4.0-3_amd64.deb

sudo apt-get install ./libgsl25_2.6+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ./libgslcblas0_2.6+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ./libspread-sheet-widget_0.6-3_amd64.deb ./pspp_1.4.0-3_amd64.deb

And then launch it from menu or with psppire command.


AVI files dont play in VLC from ISO mounted disk

Using fuseiso works without problems.

mkdir test
fuseiso test.iso test

Now you can play your file from the directory. Clean up afterwards:

fusermount -u test
rmdir test


change wireless interface name based on USB point

I have found out that I could achieve a similar thing by editing

nano /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

I had the following two lines:

# USB device 0x:0x (rtl8192cu)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="80:1f:02:a1:ae:3c", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="wlan*", NAME="wlan0"

# USB device 0x:0x (rtl8192cu)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="80:1f:02:a1:ae:4d", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="wlan*", NAME="wlan1"

I have two USB ports. I have only one dongle. I found that by plugging in the dongle to the 1st port, it was named wlan0, and to the second port wlan1. For the lines above it looks like the same physical hardware was assigned a different MAC address depending on which USB port it was plugged into. I chose my own ordering by changing the lines to read the following way:

# USB device 0x:0x (rtl8192cu)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="80:1f:02:a1:ae:3c", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="wlan*", NAME="wlan0"

# USB device 0x:0x (rtl8192cu)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="80:1f:02:a1:ae:4d", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="wlan*", NAME="wlan1"


Reading CIS Apache HTTP security I found that it suggests to add LimitExcept directive in all <Directory> directives other than the on the OS root directory.

 <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS>
    Require all denied
 </LimitExcept>

This LimitExcept directive restrict unnecessary HTTP request methods, web server only accepts and processes the GET, POST and OPTIONS HTTP request methods.

According to Directory manual:

  <Directory> and </Directory> are used to enclose a group of directives
  that will apply only to the named directory, sub-directories of that
  directory, and the files within the respective directories.

So, in your case, I guess you should apply LimitExcept to:

/etc/apache2/conf-enabled/serve-cgi-bin.conf:           <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
/etc/apache2/conf-enabled/phpmyadmin.conf:<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin>
/etc/apache2/conf-enabled/localized-error-pages.conf:# <Directory "/usr/share/apache2/error">
/etc/apache2/conf-enabled/javascript-common.conf:<Directory "/usr/share/javascript/">
/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/alias.conf:   <Directory "/usr/share/apache2/icons">
/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.conf:    <Directory /home/*/public_html>
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/squirrelmail.conf:<Directory /usr/share/squirrelmail>


Lowering (→ducking) Spotify/… volume when somebody speaks on Zoom/Discord/…

It's still in an early phase, but I made a working prototype of what I wanted!
https://github.com/NicoWeio/PulseDucking
I'll paste the How it's done section from my README, for future reference.

For each currently running trigger application, a new thread is started.
In each thread, parec --monitor-stream=<STREAM_INDEX> is called. It streams the raw audio of an application.
By simply checking for 0x00, silence/noise is detected.
pacmd set-sink-input-volume <SINK_INPUT_INDEX> <VOLUME> is dispatched for all ducking applications.
A loop ensures that new applications are taken into account as well.

So, as it turns out, detecting absolute silence in raw audio streams is not difficult at all, and getting the raw audio from a single application does not involve creating sinks/loopbacks/…, thanks to parec --monitor-stream=<STREAM_INDEX>.

Regarding 1., manually setting the stream's properties is possible using pacmd update-sink-input-proplist <INDEX> media.role="…". I have yet to check whether module-role-ducking works, then.


why doesn't my computer resume after sleeping overnight?

There may be clues in /var/log/pm-suspend.log that tell you where abouts in the resume it is failing.  It may be of course that the kernel is not able to resume to the point where processes are unfrozen and logging starts to occur in /var/log/pm-suspend.log on the resume.  But this is a good place to see if any specific device resumes are causing the hang.


Did you install server version or desktop version?

Have you take out cd/usb when you finished installation? If not, take them out and try again. You may also try bios booting sequence option.


Error in invoking target 'all_no_orcl' of makefile '/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk'

The error the make is getting appears to be:

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -laio

So your Ubuntu installation is probably missing libaio, which is used for asynchronous I/O support in the kernel.

I think you can install that by running:

sudo apt-get install libaio1

Someone else has put a guide together for installing Oracle 12c on Ubuntu 15.04 in this answer. That (particularly the list of packages to install before Oracle) might help you get it running on Ubuntu 14.04.

Ubuntu is not in the list of supported Linux distributions for Oracle 12c, so I would be reluctant to use this as a production system, or even a development system if I wanted my production and development systems to match.


The PPA TahuTEK.net PPA Repository has no packages for Trusty, therefore remove the package with the commands below

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:tldm217/tahutek.net


I am currently trying to install CMake to Ubuntu-20.04 via WSL but I get dependency error

I have found the answer to this problem with the help of Karel.
inside sources.list, I needed to add the following repository to get libssl1.0.0
What you need to do is go edit your sources.list using your choice of editor, for my example, I use vim
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

add the following line
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main

libssl1.0.0 will now be available to get via apt-get.


How do I install the latest development libraries of FFmpeg in my ubuntu?

Why does the Synaptic Package Manager not show the latest versions?

From Ubuntu Wiki – Stable Release Updates:

  Once an Ubuntu release has been completed and published, updates for it are only released under certain circumstances, and must follow a special procedure called a "stable release update" or SRU.

This means that packages are often not kept up-to-date with active upstream sources.

Can I do something to fix it?

You can compile and install your own recent version of ffmpeg and its libraries by following a step-by-step guide: Compile FFmpeg on Ubuntu, Debian, or Mint. This guide performs a local installation, so it will not interfere with repository packages or system files, but if you are compiling something that depends on the new libraries you may have to tell it where your new ffmpeg libraries are located.

If you are compiling many programs, or need several more recent packages than what is provided, then Ubuntu may not be the most efficient distro for you in the long run.

How can I find the version of the libraries that are already installed on my system?

The major version is present in the package name, such as libavcodec53.

I am trying to delete the older version ENTIRELY and again install the new libraries from source.

If you want to perform a system installation that replaces the ffmpeg or libav-tools package and/or libraries then you can simply remove the existing packages, then compile ffmpeg, then install to system with checkinstall or some other method. See this old version of the previously mentioned guide that does all of that, but be aware that it is outdated and at the very least you may have to add --extra-libs=-ldl to your ffmpeg configure line.

If you want to perform a local installation then follow the current version of the compile guide.

Misleading package names

You should be aware that the so-called "ffmpeg" from the repository is not actually from FFmpeg, but from a fork called libav. See Who can tell me the difference and relation between ffmpeg, libav, and avconv?


wine-staging-amd64_2.20.0~xenial_amd64.deb
wine-staging-i386_2.20.0~xenial_i386.deb

Those files were just posted on Nov 6, 2017 -- they either have some networking issue on their end or theses files haven't fully propagated.

Running these commands will not help:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

The best solution is just to try again later, by then the 503 error will have resolved itself.


making nano always run as sudo by default

I suggest to create a Bash alias. I'm assuming you're using Bash as a shell here.

alias nano='sudo nano'

This will map nano to sudo nano. To make it permanent, see this Q&A: How do I create a permanent Bash alias?


The answer is quite similar for each distro. It requires you to use the "delay" feature present in these tools. The delay feature allows you to issue the command to take a screenshot after an interval that you specify. You can set this interval such that, after you have issued the command, you have enough time to bring up the screen you want to capture.

The exact way to set up a delay depends on each distro's default screenshot application. And, as often, you maybe able to do what you want via a GUI or a terminal or keyboard shortcuts.

GNOME/Unity in 12.10

The default tool is Screenshot (aka gnome-screenshot if you want to run it from a terminal). So, you would start typing screenshot in Unity's Dash to see it appear for you to click on. You'll then see a small window with several options:

Some options will be exposed depending on what you choose. If you choose to grab the whole screen, the "Include the window border" and "Apply effect" won't be available.
Set things up as you want. A five second delay is a nice starting point to let you bring up the actual screen you wish to capture. To get things going, click "Take Screenshot". Quickly set up what you want and wait.
You'll hear the sound of an (old-fashioned) camera shutter and a new screen will appear.
In it, you will see:

a "thumbnail" of the screenshot
an option to specify the name and destination for saving the
screenshot
and the possibility to save it to the clipboard instead if you wish
to process the image further.

The default image format is .png, which is, in the opinion of some, a more suitable format than .jpg.

Note that the time delay feature of gnome-screenshot is not available if you choose "Select area to grab".

Lubuntu 12.10

The default screenshot capture tool in Lubuntu is called scrot. There is a way to use scrot with a time delay that doesn't require using the terminal. But it involves a one time edit of a file called lubuntu-rc.xml after backing it up for safety. This file is found in ~/.config/openbox. Go to this subfolder using your file manager, right-click on the file and open it with your favorite text editor. Then search for something like:

<!-- Launch scrot when Print is pressed -->
<keybind key="Print">
  <action name="Execute">
    <command>....</command>
  </action>
</keybind>

Where .... is whatever is currently there between <command> and </command>. Replace .... with

scrot -b -d 5 ~/Desktop/%Y:%m:%d:%H:%M:%S.png

Save the file and close it.

Go into a terminal and run openbox --reconfigure. (You won't see anything happen and you'll get back your prompt if you haven't messed up anything. If you have messed up something, you'll get an error. That's when the back-up comes handy.) Running the command is a necessary step to ensure that your edits to lubuntu-rc.xml are now active.

What you've done by editing lubuntu-rc.xml is to ask scrot to

take a full screenshot (including window borders because of -b)
with a time delay of five seconds
name the file based on the current time in
year:month:day:hour:min:sec format in the .png format and
to save the image to your Desktop.

What is described above basically enables you to just hit Prnt Scrn, then do what you want such as open a menu within 5 sec after which scrot takes a full window screenshot. It does this silently. Don't expect to hear or see anything.

Running man scrot from a terminal provides you with more information on scrot.

One can modify the code to take a snap of the active window only by the addition of -u and assigning the keybind of Alt+Prnt Scrn to this code.

With both Prnt Scrn and Alt+Prnt Scrn, it is possible to add -q N to the code where -q tells scrot to save the image with a quality other than the default value of N which is 75.  A high value will create a higher quality but larger file. According to man scrot the effect of -q is dependent on the image format chosen.

Xubuntu 12.10

The default screenshot tool in Xubuntu 12.10 is Xfce4-screenshooter. It has a GUI that doesn't look too different from that of the GNOME one:

As with the GNOME screenshot tool, there are a few options but the delay function is not available with "Select a region".

On clicking OK, another window appears with choices about saving the image to a file, copying it to the clipboard, opening it with programs that can manipulate images (as the dropdown shows), and even uploading it to a specific image-hosting service.

If one opts to save the image to disk, a regular "Save as" screen appears allowing you to specify the name, file type, and location of the saved format.

man xfce4-screenshooter has details of the switches available and those could help if a user is interested in modifying the functions of Prnt Scrn and Alt + Prnt Scrn to always use the delay option.

Prnt Scrn could be set to xfce4-screenshooter -d 5 -f.
Then, any time Prnt Scrn is pressed, xfce4-screenshooter
will take a snap of the full screen because of -f after a delay
of 5 sec and then prompt you for a filename and location.
Alt+Prnt Scrn could be set to
xfce4-screenshooter -d 5 -w to grab the active window because
of -w.


Mouse busy cursor does not work with wine

I found out that adding "StartupNotify=true" to the desktop shortcut file the Mouse busy cursor sometimes works. Please follow the link for more details.

https://developer.gnome.org/integration-guide/stable/startup-notification.html.en


In order to fix Alt+Tab, install Compiz configuration settings manager:

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

then run ccsm and enabled the Aplication Switcher plugin:

About the grabbing window issue, I've never saw that behavior.


What are the system requirements for Gnome 3?

I have tried searching the Gnome.org web site to find an answer. I have tried a web search based on Gnome 3 requirements. I am surprised at the number of times that this or a similar question has been asked on the forums of various Linux distributions  and the same answer is always given. It is a quote from this page:
Gnome Myths

It is our primary focus to build a modern operating environment,
platform, and user experience. It doesn't make sense to target the
hardware of the past. GNOME Shell uses relatively primitive 3D
capabilities that have been available from essentially all computing
devices made in the last four or five years. This includes most
desktop and laptop computers, mobile devices, phones, tablets, and
netbooks. Where there are exceptions, largely, there are bugs we can
and should fix.
So, the official plan is that people can still use the GNOME 2 shell
with GNOME 3 applications and libraries, if necessary, but this is a
transitional state, and to get the GNOME 3 experience, your computer
needs hardware acceleration.

So, the answer from the official source is "you need a computer built in the last 4 to 5 years and to get the Gnome 3 experience you need hardware acceleration." And that means a video card capable of doing accelerated graphics.
Personally, I would not call that quote a proper specification of hardware requirements for running Gnome 3. But there you are.
In your case if you do not intend to fit a video adapter then you will not be running gnome shell or any other user interface. And that is fine. So, the "hardware acceleration" requirement is not appropriate.
My machine is four years old and it has a slightly lower specification than your machine and it is running Gnome 3 with Ubuntu Unity both in 11.10 and 12.04 development branch in a more than adequate way.
But for completeness of answer I repeat my comment that the video card is the key component for running the User Interface on a Gnome 3 desktop environment be it Unity, or Gnome 3 shell. And a video card with anything less 512GB memory will give a disappointing performance unless used in fall-back mode.
Update:
I have found the release notes for 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot which is the first Ubuntu to be built on the Gnome 3 desktop environment.
11.10 system requirements
The minimum memory for the desktop is 384MB. But this comment might be more applicable for you:

The minimum memory requirement for Ubuntu Server 11.10 is 128 MB of
memory.

Again for completeness I add this link:
Unity Graphics requirements
If the video card is capable of doing this it is capable of running Unity and I would guess that it is also capable of running Gnome 3 shell:
OpenGL Version required by Unity
Unity requires OpenGL 1.4 of higher. Because of the decoupling between Opengl versions and the first implementation of new extensions by hardware vendors, just having OpenGL 1.4 is not enough. The system must also have support for a number of OpenGL extensions.

OpenGL Extensions required
Framebuffer Object
Rectangle Textures
Non power of 2 textures
Vertex programs
Fragment programs
buffer objects
GLSL shader support
(Optional) Other requirements
Minimum 128MB of video
memory Minimum texture width/height 2048
Enough > registers for vertex and fragment shaders programs

Regards.


trying to troubleshoot sound card issues

Sorry to say that but the guide you followed is embarrassingly outdated (it also says so in the first line).

The package linux-restricted-modules* is deprecated since Ubuntu 8.04. You will not be able to install it in any newer release.

To answer your question on the meaning of uname -r: This is a replacement of your kernel release number as it can be printed by the following command in a terminal

uname -r

This is sometimes also used in a one-liner from tutorials to make sure you install a package version which depends on your installed kernel release.

Just to have said it: re-installing ALSA from the kernel will only rarely resolve common sound issues. To get help on these you may want to ask another question giving as much details on your issue, and what you already tried.


Gparted & disk partition error: unable to clear old FS signatures/unrecognized disk label

C̶o̶n̶t̶e̶x̶t̶ ̶w̶o̶u̶l̶d̶ ̶h̶e̶l̶p̶ ̶m̶e̶ ̶o̶u̶t̶ ̶h̶e̶r̶e̶.̶ ̶ ̶F̶o̶r̶ ̶e̶x̶a̶m̶p̶l̶e̶ ̶a̶r̶e̶ ̶y̶o̶u̶ ̶r̶u̶n̶n̶i̶n̶g̶ ̶o̶f̶f̶ ̶a̶ ̶u̶b̶u̶n̶t̶u̶ ̶l̶i̶v̶e̶ ̶U̶S̶B̶ ̶t̶r̶y̶i̶n̶g̶ ̶t̶o̶ ̶f̶o̶r̶m̶a̶t̶ ̶y̶o̶u̶r̶ ̶o̶l̶d̶ ̶u̶b̶u̶n̶t̶u̶ ̶p̶a̶r̶t̶i̶t̶i̶o̶n̶?̶ ̶o̶r̶ ̶s̶o̶m̶e̶t̶h̶i̶n̶g̶ ̶l̶i̶k̶e̶ ̶t̶h̶a̶t̶?̶

in this case GPT - MBR is something to look out for. it reasonable to assume your MBR boot usb wouldn't have full access to a GPT partition scheme.
(and you cannot dual boot a GTP windows with a MBR ubuntu or vice versa)

but really I'm placing all my money on hyberfil.sys once again.

if the partition you are trying to remake is the ntfs one (and from the screenshot BINGO) then we're in the typical hyberfil locked partition scenario.

I find the "How to Geek" article on this is by far the best and most inclusive quide to unlocking an ntfs partition on ubuntu (thought they did forget to mention the CMD trick I mention below) : https://www.howtogeek.com/236807/how-to-mount-your-windows-10-or-8-system-drive-on-linux/

the final section is for if you only have access to the ubuntu but doing it windows side if your windows is still bootable is prefered.

if you are reinstalling both windows and ubuntu to dual boot then do not create window's partition in linux.

and do not install ubuntu first. you're really in for a major hassle if you do.

If the reason is that : you want to use windows boot manager to choose between the two you actually can but the best (and possibly only way) is to install windows first install ubuntu on top then do the tricks to end up with a windows bootloader that is capable of pointing to your ubuntu  when you boot up.

this is the cleanest fastest and simplest way.

pro tip : once windows is installed and you're ready to do the ubuntu install open an admin CMD (SHIFT-ENTER when it's the listed option in start or right click to slect "run as administrator") then type in powercfg -h off this turns off fake powerdown/reboot and turns the following reboot into a real one where the partition is unmounted and ready to be resized/manipulated by the ubuntu installer/gparted.

have fun!

EDITED TO REPLY TO COMMENT :

all the above remains true :

The reason the live CD/USB might not detect windows (as I've said) is that   windows was locking the partition with hyberfil.sys or it and windows are on seperate partitioning shemes they will not be ble to see each other in which case you must first match both partitioning shemes. (or both)

Since you're installing both and windows 7 can be GPT and GPT is better you should install windows as GPT then ubuntu as GPT as well. doing this (at least for ubuntu)  is simple : if the usb key/CD  is GPT then so is the os  it installs.

I use https://rufus.akeo.ie/downloads/rufus-2.14.exe and create my ubuntu installer with it under windows. (as you can see once the iso is selected rufus has GPT as it's third option for partitioning type in it's first drop down menu). keep in mind you being able to do GPT at all is heavilly dependent on the motherboard.

Check that you have a UEFI-capable motherboard first and go into it's bios to turn on EFI/UEFI boot.

Lastly if windows still isn't detected after doing all this (but I 100% guarantee that it will be), select the option something else :

which will open a menu like this (dumbed down gparted) :

this thread has alot of the answers we're looking for : How do I install Ubuntu alongside UEFI enabled Windows 8?

I personally alsways used this menu because i didn't want swap especially not on my SSD! but now with ubuntu 17.04 canonical has finally removed that necessity and the "install allongside" no longer adds a swap patition. I digress.

just create two partitions with this tool. one 600 (or any size slightly over 500) megs in EFI one the size you want your ubuntu to be in ext4 with mountpoint / and the click "install now".

make sure to do the admin CMD  powercfg -h off that I talked about above in between the windows and ubuntu install and it will work like a charm.

cheers! :)


Check out the Apache Pig Tutorial.

Under "Installing Pig" have you added the following to your .bashrc?

export PATH=$PATH:/home/hduser/pig/bin

If so, then simply running pig or pig -x local should work.

NOTE: This tutorial assumes that Pig is running as "hduser" so if that is not the case for you, adjust accordingly.

Both examples (of starting Pig from the tutorial) display your error message (mentioned above) and it appears to be merely informational, and should still drop you at the Pig Latin prompt.  If your system is behaving differently, please indicate so in the comments.


Ubuntu 13.04 Install presents blinking cursor

Looks like the answer for me was to set the "nomodeset" boot flag.

Full disclosure: I also am running it from a bootable USB, but don't think that the CD itself was the issue.


ways of calculating required disk space prior to package download

Thanks for all the input, I ended up with the following:

NEEDED_SPACE_KB=$(echo n | apt-get install $INSTALLABLE_DEBUG_PACKAGES | grep "disk space" | awk '{ print $4, $5 }' | sed 's#GB# * 1000 MB#; s#MB# * 1000 #; s#kB##; s#B# /1000#;' | bc)


Python package gi is not found, although python3-gi is installed

You have more than one version of Python3 installed.

Python3 packages install to /usr/bin/
Whatever additional Python3 you installed is at /usr/local/bin/

You are using the wrong Python3.
Here's another way to see it:
$ which -a python3
/usr/bin/python3        <------ Packaged version (correct)
/usr/local/bin/python3  <------ Something else you installed (wrong)

Uninstall that non-package /usr/local version of Python 3. How you uninstall it depends upon how you originally installed it (NOT apt). Since we don't know how you installed it, that's up to you.

Fix your python3 symlink to point to the correct (packaged) version of Python3. In 20.04, it should point to Python3.8. Here's a 20.04 example of correct Python3 symlinks:
$ ls -l /usr/bin/python3*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       9 Mar 13 07:20 /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5457536 Apr 27 10:53 /usr/bin/python3.8


How to get support for the new 97 chipset under ubuntu 14.04?

In LTS versions of Ubuntu (eg 12.04, 14.04) you can install the Kernel (and X and graphics drivers) from the next standard releases, leaving everything else as-is. These "hardware enablement stacks" are supported for the life of the standard release (9 months currently), by which time you either have to upgrade to the next standard stack, upgrade to a newer LTS or downgrade to the LTS default major versions.

It can take some time for a HWE stack to be released. Utopic is latest version advertised, installable via:

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-utopic xserver-xorg-lts-utopic libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-utopic libegl1-mesa-drivers-lts-utopic

But it seems there are some Vivid packages starting to become available. Some of the X server components are missing but if you just need the Kernel, you can install it with (Warning this didn't boot for me but it might work for you. As I say, it's early days):

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-vivid

There will be one more HWE stack for Trusty, after which you'll need to hop to 16.04 LTS via a full upgrade to keep getting major kernel updates.

Alternatively, install the latest version of Ubuntu you want, and install the Elementary packages over the top from their PPA.


What is proper way to get specific version of package

7.36 is in a ppa

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:costamagnagianfranco/ettercap-stable-backports
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install curl

To show all versions available, use the "madison" option for apt-cache

See How can I see all versions of a package that are available in the archive?

To specify a specific version with apt-get see How to install specific Ubuntu packages, with exact version?


ubuntu 18.04 and 20.04 cannot connect to USB tethering but windows10 can. (HELP)

Probably a bug in the Samsung S9 firmware since April.

See:
https://us.community.samsung.com/t5/Galaxy-S9/USB-Tethering-not-working-April-Update/td-p/1218731#


If you want a pure Gnome experience, then Ubuntu Gnome is better.

If you install Gnome Shell with regular Ubuntu, you will just have a choice between Unity and Gnome. You will end up with some Unity packages you don't really need. You will also end up with both GDM and LightDM. This shouldn't be an issue, but less complexity means less can go wrong later on.


This is what I had to do to get the internal mic to work on my Acer Aspire 5745G:

Install pavucontrol >> sudo apt-get install pavucontrol
Run sudo pavucontrol
Go to the "Input Devices" tab
Click the lock icon to unlock the channels
Set the right-front channel to silence


It's been some time since you posted that question. Maybe you've moved on, or found the answer ?

Anyway, I'm currently around those part myself. I haven't broken through yet, and would be delighted to hear from somewhat who has.

From what I gather, a lot of issues revolve around the question wether the X11 server is listening to TCP on port 6000. Answers vary with flavors and versions of Ubuntu, specially which display manager is in use : Lightdm for Xubuntu and newer versions of plain Ubuntu vs. Gdm for older Ubuntu and of course Ubuntu Gnome, and on top of that there may be a bug in recent versions of Gnome that block it no matter what.

Of course, other than that, you also need to adjust xauth

Now, from your command lines above, I'm not sure exactly what you are trying to achieve. One computer is supposed to be the local master and the other the remote slave, even if they are obviously next to each other.

Here, it seems that your laptlop is the local master, and your desktop the remote slave. Fine.

So you're lauching the X11 server on desktop, which is fine as long as there is not already a X11 server running there.

But where are the displays you expect something to happen on ? One has not ip address, the other's is localhost, so both are local, which means remote, seeing that you've just SSHed in to the (remote) desktop.

Also note that X11 terminology is a bit confusing. The 'server' is the machine where the screen is attached to, whereas the 'client' is the one doing the heavy lifting and passing the results to be displayed.

Hope this helps someone somehow ...


Thermal sensor are specific to a each computer type. For example, the IBM/Lenovo Thinkpad series sensors are described here http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Thermal_sensors

Try to search the Internet for you laptop type and see where each sensor is positioned.


The installer will ask you how you want your hard drive partitioned. You can choose to install Ubuntu alongside Windows or format the entire drive


No Windows in Ubuntu boot menu (Ubuntu 11.10, WIndows 7)

Yesterday, the same thing happened to me.

I solved this issue by opening the terminal and typing sudo grub-update and then restart the system (sudo reboot).


You need to reinstall GRUB on Master hard drive - it'll automatically fix it and you will see that GRUB would also include both Windows and Ubuntu.  On your LIVE CD, do the same thing as if you were installing new system, but once you got past the hardware checking - cancel the process.  This, then will take you to menu and reinstalling GRUB will be in that list.  Pick that option, then voila!  Reboot after reinstalling GRUB.


the link "Bug Reports" of that package in Wily points to the following bug report:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/user-mode-linux/+bug/1565448

Which says, and I quote:

  The user-mode-linux package is missing in the Xenial branch. The
  user-mode-linux-doc package is there, but not the user-mode-linux base
  package.

  http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=user-mode-linux&searchon=names&suite=xenial&section=all


Luckily for you, tualatrix did a small hack on gnome-terminal and added support to search on Google upon right clicking a message.

You need to add a third-party PPA for it to work though. Run these commands in a terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/personal
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gnome-terminal

Once updated, close all terminal windows and reopen again. It will work as intended.


Unable to Install Guest Additions CD Image on Virtual Box

I assume your host operating system is Mac OS X and you have installed Ubuntu as the guest operating system.

There is no need to mount the guest additions ISO and install from it if your guest OS is Ubuntu.

Instead, open a terminal and enter the following -

sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-utils

This will install the guest additions and is more or less equivalent to installing via the ISO.


How to trim file name containing extra characters using shell commands

Run the below rename command on the directory where *.txt.txt files are stored,

rename 's/\.txt$//' *.txt

It checks for the files ended with .txt if it find any then it removes the last .txt part.

OR

If the folder conatins files in both formats like file.txt.txt and file.txt, you could run the below command to remove the last .txt part from only the files which has the format file.txt.txt,

rename 's/\.txt$//' *.txt.txt


Why does thunderbird inform that I get 3 new messages when I only get 1

Thunderbird also informs you about messages that are filtered out by your spam blocker and go directly in the trash. You may get 3 messages but see only 1 in the inbox folder


What is the user interface design of Ubuntu Server?

By default the Server version of Ubuntu has an interface similar to this one:

So, only the command-line is available.

Source: Ubuntu Server “desktop” versus Ubuntu Desktop Version.

  Most Ubuntu Server developers recommend not installing a GUI on a server. There are multiple reasons for not installing a GUI.

  Some reasons to not install a GUI include:

  You'll have more code subject to security vulnerabilities, more
  packages that need updating, and more server downtime.
  Performance may
  suffer because resources (memory, hard disk space, CPU, etc.) will be
  consumed by the GUI.
  It is best practice to only install needed
  software on a production server.
  The GUI may include other network
  services that are inappropriate for a server.

  One of the goals of
  Ubuntu Desktop Edition is to make it easier for users to use Linux.
  When installing some desktop environments, services that you may not
  specifically want will be installed. For example avahi-daemon, which
  is used to help configure networking, adds another open port and may
  introduce unwanted DNS conflicts with a .local domain.

  So for the most secure server it is best to
  not install a GUI.

Source: ServerGUI.

See also:

How do you run Ubuntu Server with a GUI?


Very slow 3G internet connection on Ubuntu 11.10

the problem is the bluetooth, data transfer via bluetooth is very slow. If the function is available, use USB or better still if your phone is a smartphone, set up a portable wi-fi hotspot. I hope this helps.


How can I resume an upgrade after denying it the first time?

Start update manager and there you will find a button so you can upgrade.

If not you need to enable update manager to look for dist upgrades see: Update manager doesn't offer an upgrade to the new release


Update xfce4-mailwatch from the command-line?

i dont really know but i think there's no "easy" way to do this, found no api for it. maybe you can ask at https://mail.xfce.org/mailman/listinfo/goodies-dev

another (a little ugly) method is to script your mouse... you can use xdotool for this: http://tuxradar.com/content/xdotool-script-your-mouse

hope this helps a little bit!


How do I control the icon set for 20.04?

Install gnome-tweaks from software center or from command line:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

In the Appearance tab on the left you will find a windows menu with the list of all the icon set in your system. the icon set in your first screenshot is the most recent version of Yaru icon theme. Play with the option to set the appearance of your system as you wish.


I have had this in the past, I had to manually boot from the Disk/USB by going into the 'Boot Menu' when your PC boots you will see at the bottom of the screen something like 'F12 Boot Menu' it is usually F12, F4, F7 and I think I once saw Backspace. From here manually select the Windows 7 media and press Enter, from here you should be fine. If you have a really old PC it might not have a 'Boot Menu' so you will have to go into the BIOS (when the PC is booting hit the corresponding 'F' kry to get into the BIOS [Usually F2] and change the boot order so the Windows Media is the first priority, your PC will most likely have a boot menu.


Connecting HDMI to Ubuntu causes problems

The package that is responsible for sharing display which I guess is x-org-server(correct me if I am wrong in comments) was updated recently and fixed this issue. But since we don't know where the problem was coming from we never know because gnome-shell has also been updated multiple times since the question was asked.


try this in terminal

sudo shutdown -h now

this shutdowns the system i.e. halts the system.
for more please check  man help in terminal


File Roller is Ubuntu's default application for handling the creation, modification and extraction of archives.

To launch it by itself, press Alt+F2 and type file-roller.

The following archive formats are well supported, and installed by default in File Roller:

tar - gzip - bzip - bzip2 - LZMA - zip - jar - iso


Cannot boot because: Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!

There you go /sbin/init: No such file or directory. Looks like it can't find a /sbin/init on /dev/sda6.

Maybe have a look from a Live CD, and see what is on sda6? Is it the right partition? Is just that file missing?

You can probably fix it from a Live CD, but I'm not sure what caused it, so I can't give instructions. Reinstalling is probably easier, if you don't know how to fix it, yourself.


So I'am assuming the output of:

:~# netstat -tlnpu

is not from the local system (your working computer), but from the machine that you have remotely connected to that is running the vps?. Than yes the process identification 12240 is currently using the local address (of the vps machine) on ports 12000, 16001, and 16000; and the ports are up and running.

In the configuration file of the camera software what are the specified ports? If the configuration file does not list ports 12000, 16001, 16000 than thats the problem and you edit it. Also where is the camera physically located?


I have a hp stream 11.. same as 13 but just smaller screen. I started with downloading and installing Ubuntu 14.04 onto a usb.

To boot the usb turn the hp stream on an press the Esc key to get into the boot order. Use the keyboard keys to navigate to the usb stick and hit enter.

When Ubuntu boots up you will need to hit Install and not try. When your going through the setup and get to the point where it asks if you want to install third party software (codecs ect) you will need to make sure this is clicked.

The reason for this is because it will not recognize your wifi card due to you needing to install the restricted third party software.

Once all is installed and you have booted up for the first time you will need to do a dist upgrade to get you onto Ubuntu 15.04

The only and i mean only problem i have experienced so far is that the wifi seems to be very unstable but after a bit of research i found out that you will need to install a different wifi driver :

Click her to get Stable Wifi Driver

Download and  make install through terminal, then reboot Pc and Voila! Stable Wifi that never drops out.

Why Anyone would keep the bloated Windows 8.1 on these machines is shocking. Ubuntu 15.04 runs absolutely perfectly and the hardware is fully capable of maintaining a smooth performance even whilst watching 720p videos on Youtube,

Enjoy your new Ubuntu Machine!


Here are the debugging procedures for Ubuntu. Here are the ones particular for OpenOffice. One of the first things to do, is to install the dbg packages, since they allow proper stack traces.