This situation occurs frequently.

Here's why + how to clear it up.

1) On your website1 with SSL. If you set the HSTS flag, using something like...

Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; preload"

Then your browser will cache this header for whatever your max-age setting was. This value is usually 1-2+ years.

2) You setup a new website1 without SSL.

Your browser cache still contains the HSTS header.

Note: When I say browser cache, this is not your browser's file cache (usually). This all depends on what browser you're using. There's no standard of how browser's cache these headers, just how long.

3) Now whenever you visit website1, your browser requires that site to by SSL, as it was before + an HSTS header is cached.

4) This will continue to fail until you take one of two actions.

This will continue to fail because your browser will forever force accessing website1 via HTTPS + never HTTP.

a) You figure out how to flush the HSTS header out of your browser.

b) You move your original SSL cert to your new website1 site.

Moving your original SSL cert to your new site is best option, because every visitor that visited your site when their was an SSL cert + HSTS header will have the exact same error as you have.

So even if you fix this for yourself, anyone who previously visited your site, will get an error for max-age time... so 1-2+ years, they won't be able to visit your site.

https://LetsEncrypt.org has been providing free + strong SSL certs for years. With my hosting clients, I setup SSL for every site. Period. Even if all that site does, is redirect to another site.

Fix SSL on website1 + likely all will be well.


how to transfer and install a software from one system to another?

Try aptoncd

APT removable repository creator and package backup tool for Debian based systems.

This tool will allow you to create a media (CD or DVD) to use to install software via APT in a non-connected machine, as well upgrade and install the same set of softwares in several machines with no need to re-download the packages again.

Run the following to install the package via  terminal
Ctrl+Alt+T

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install aptoncd

It makes a copy of all the packages on your system allowing you to install those packages on another system.

Just a side note, you could also copy all the deb files for the packages you have installed (as long as you haven't run sudo apt-get clean to clean the apt-get cache) from

/var/cache/apt/archives


12.04 Wireless network asks for WEP key every 5 minutes, Please Help

I had the same thing happen to me on a dist upgrade from 10.04 to 12.04.

The wireless worked fine in 10.04 then after the upgrade it kept asking for the wep key every 30 seconds. But the network would work in that 30 seconds. Frustrating.
I found this answer and found a bit of a faster way to get things going.

First, open up the drawer, type in Network Tools. Then open Network Tools, switch it to the WLAN and click Configure. Finally in the Wireless tab, find the "auto" connection, highlight it and click Edit. then go to Security, and enter the key there. Click Save and it's done.


Synapse may be exactly what you want. Suits me fine https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/synapse/


Diagnosing persistent Flash streaming failure for DRM content

I'd followed most of the advice I could find online, but ran across these extra steps to get the HAL working.  It comes from a post on Amazon's Prime Instant Video support thread:

Stephen Gutknecht says:

On a new (virgin) install of Ubuntu 13.04 x64/x32 - there are some steps that I don't see getting enough attention.

In addition to:

close your Chromium/Chrome and Firefox:
sudo apt-get install libhal1 hal

***also do***

sudo mkdir /etc/hal/fdi/preprobe
sudo mkdir /etc/hal/fdi/information
/usr/sbin/hald --daemon=yes --verbose=yes
rm -rf ~/.adobe
rm -rf ~/.macromedia

Then open Chromium / Firefox fresh and give it a try!

This is what I did and have DRM FLash videos working smoothly in Chrome on Ubuntu using the Adobe Flash plugin with HAL installed.


Can I install the Enlightenment Shell alongside Unity and Gnome3 and choose upon login?

Yes, it is possible. I just did this myself. Just install the E17 package, and you should be up and running.


How do I submit .jar file to the ubuntu software center

Before uploading to ubuntu software center
here is a guide for packing .jar into deb,
It is not necessary to package your  application before submitting to ubuntu software center , you can directly upload *.jar if it is closed source app , you should provide source code if it is an open source project. Canonical will package it for you

Links

How to get my software into Ubuntu?
How do I package my application for the Ubuntu Software Centre?
http://developer.ubuntu.com/
http://developer.ubuntu.com/packaging/html/


How do I get a an HP Envy 15 (2012) edition working?

To fix the pulseaudio freezing, and freezing on login, do this:

open /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
add this to the bottom of the file:  blacklist snd-usb-audio

Hybrid Graphics:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1930450

Clickpad right-click:

http://www.theorangenotebook.com/2012/02/call-for-testing-clickpad.html

The file "enable-rightbutton.sh" will allow you to right-click from the right side of the clickpad.  I added the following to the bash script in order to reduce the sensitivity of the clickpad:

synclient HorizHysteresis=50
synclient VertHysteresis=50

I am using the HP ENVY 15-3040.  It's a little different from what you are running, but most of these should work for you.
Cheers!


nautilus connect to server - can not reach filesystem root

nautilus always connects to the user directory of the server, and I did not figure a way out to connect directly to "/" , this is a working workaround.

If you specify a Path when connecting,

You can go back in the filesystem of the Server (or, for me, my iPhone).
See that you got the option to go back in the top.

Then you can click on "[user] on [the server IP]" (for me, "root at 192.168.178.22"), you get then to the root of the Server.

EDIT: I just found out if you cannot see the bar on the top to go back to root, you can press ALT+ArrowUP and you will see it.

Tested on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS with GNOME nautilus 3.10.1.


LinuxTV seems to suggest it's quite a well supported card. If its modules aren't being automatically loaded you might just need to do that. To test just run:

sudo modprobe budget
sudo modprobe stv0299

Edit: On the newest revision, you need a different driver that hasn't yet made it into the Kernel. This driver is available from Technisat by searching for skystar 2 but here's a direct link. This contains instructions on how to patch v4l and recompile it. It's a bit of a pain but it can be done.


How to turn On and Off bluetooth visibility mode?

In BlueZ >= 5 command line control of a device can be done with btmgmt tool:
sudo btmgmt
[mgmt]# help         # list commands
[mgmt]# info         # list device(s)
[mgmt]# select hciX  # select a known device by index X eg. hci0
[hci0]# discov yes   # make hci0 visible/discoverable
[hic0]# discov no    # make hci0 invisible

In older version of BlueZ we can control our Bluetooth device with the command line tool hciconfig.
To enable visibility:
sudo hciconfig hciX piscan

To disable visibility:
sudo hciconfig hciX noscan

Replace hciX with your device (usually hci0)
To query your Bluetooth device(s):
sudo hciconfig -a


How can you printf or echo the contents of your clipboard?

Job for xclip:

xclip -o >file.txt

-o dumps the current clipboard (precisely selection) content to STDOUT, then you can simply leverage a shell redirection

xclip comes with xclip package, you might need to install it first.


How do I format the output of nmap to display on conky?

If you want to work with the text output of namp, then yeah, I would reccomend looking into using grep and/or awk to shape the output. If you just want something pretty to look at, install and use zenmap.

sudo apt-get install zenmap

Then run:

sudo zenmap

It's a very nice graphical overlay for nmap and you can manipulate and navigate the map results rather nicely.


Remove the space after the =. Space separates commands from assignments in bash.

F=`zenity --entry`


When you say "it" i assume you mean ubuntu 12.04...

So what is the current operating system that your installing 12.04 over?
Also do you mean turns the screen black after booting from a boot-able usb/cd or something else?

If this is the case, some of the files in the usb/cd that are for installing the OS could be corrupted, this happened to me aswell. you just need to erase everything off them or use a different one and then run the program to make it bootable and put all the files back on like you did in the first place.

hope this helps :)


How to multiply a .txt data file by a constant number?

You can use awk command:

awk '{print $1*1000000}' file.txt


Modify the list of programs presented to open images in evolution?

That's nothing you configure in Evolution. Applications are rather registered globally with your system. But be aware that making it "unavailable" will be a global thing: you can either "unregister" Gimp from a given mime type generally or not at all (sure, that wouldn't keep you from open it manually).

Not that's clear where the association lies, I don't want to re-invent the wheel. For how to deal with them, please take a look at

Where are file associations stored?

You're lucky, it even uses Gimp as example :) For more details on those "associations", you might wish to follow up to our mime-type tag and browse its questions.


How to get sudo to prompt you for a password each time

Open Terminal and type:

sudo visudo

Then scroll down to the line that reads:

Defaults        env_reset

And change it to:

Defaults        env_reset,timestamp_timeout=0

You can change 0 to any values (time in minutes). Setting it to 0 will ask for your password every time and -1 will make it never ask. The default is 15 according to man sudo 8, but some manuals say the default is 5. Have a look at the RootSudoTimeout wiki for more information.

Press CTRL + X to finish editing, Y to save changes, and ENTER to exit.


How to fix grayed out options on right click menu Ubuntu 18.04

Its the write Permission on the Files itself within the Folder, to cut them u need write, for copy read is enough.
So you have to go into the Folder u want to move/cut (and all Subfolders) and give yourself write Permission on all contained Files.
sudo chmod u+w -r "Path/to/what/to/cut". This might pose a Security Risk afterwards so you can record the Original Permissions with sudo getfacl -aRP "AccessRightsOriginal.txt" and restore them afterwards with sudo setfacl -MRP "AccessRightsOriginal.txt".


It could be a corrupted apt file list. This would help fix that ...

sudo tar cvfz /tmp/backup.lists.tar.gz /var/lib/apt/lists*
sudo rm -frv /var/lib/apt/lists
sudo mkdir -pv /var/lib/lists/partial
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-key update

1st one makes a backup of the current files just in case.

Mind though: I have not found a method to decide IF it is a corrupt file list besides actually doing the above. The backup is not needed btw, added myself.


I had the same issue and found this article that solved my problem.

Quoting:

  So, long story short, to change the location of your music files in
  the Banshee database, here’s what you do (close Banshee first):

sudo aptitude install sqlitebrowser
sqlitebrowser ~/.config/banshee-1/banshee.db

  Now change to the tab labelled “Execute SQL” and write something like
  the following:

update CoreTracks set Uri = replace(Uri, '/home/<olduser>', '/home/<newuser>');
update PodcastEnclosures set LocalPath = replace(LocalPath, '/home/<olduser>', '/home/<newuser>');

  You are now done and can start Banshee again :)

Then i copied my album art from ~/.cache/media-art


CW,the great majority of DELL notebooks are compatible with Ubuntu. I use a Dell Inspiron 7472 with 19.10 without any issues.
You did not gave much information about how you are doing the installation, so I will assume somethings.
You probably have created a live USB stick from the ISO image downloaded from Ubuntu website, in Windows 10. depending on the software you used to burn and quality of your internet access, sometimes the ISO image gets corrupted and can cause the symptoms you described.
What you should do.

Burn the iso again with a different software, for windows you can use "Etcher" (https://www.balena.io/etcher/).
re-download the image from canonical and verify the checksum of the file. and the burn the ISO.

Things you can check also are BIOS configurations, UEFI partition, graphics card. You also can check Dell's web site (https://www.dell.com/support/article/br/pt/brdhs1/sln151664/how-to-install-ubuntu-linux-on-your-dell-pc?lang=en) they have a hole page explaining how to install Linux on their computers.

Lipe


You can't natively that I know of.  I use VirtualBox and a Win10 inside.  It's not perfect but it works.


The command below could provide at least a partial answer to your question.

/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p

The command tests whether your video adapter will support Unity 3D. While it does not test 3D acceleration per se, it will at least test for the 3D features which Unity 3D requires.

And, what the heck, it comes with Ubuntu so all you have to do is open a terminal window and run it. ;-)

Here is an example of the output.

irrational@VBx64:~$ /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p
OpenGL vendor string:   Humper
OpenGL renderer string: Chromium
OpenGL version string:  2.1 Chromium 1.9

Not software rendered:    yes
Not blacklisted:          yes
GLX fbconfig:             yes
GLX texture from pixmap:  yes
GL npot or rect textures: yes
GL vertex program:        yes
GL fragment program:      yes
GL vertex buffer object:  yes
GL framebuffer object:    yes
GL version is 1.4+:       yes

Unity 3D supported:       yes


You can fix it by installing an Nvidia driver. Connect to internet and run in terminal

sudo apt-get install nvidia-304


System tray icons for Gnote and Mail-Notification

I don't know if this will help you, but I was looking for something the other days and I found this among other stuff I was looking for. Hope it will work or at least will offer you an idea on how to fix your problem.


How to copy/paste a table from LibreOffice Calc to LibreOffice Writer

Copy the sample data in Calc.

If you try to directly paste into your original table all infos will be pasted into the first cell instead of several columns or rows, respectively.

Instead put the cursor in an empty space in the document, e.g. a normal paragraph not a cell in a table.

In the Writer menu select Edit -> Paste Special (Ctrl + Shift + V) and then select "Formatted Text".

Now you will see your table from Calc pasted into Writer.

In the next step you can now select this table and copy and paste it into your original table.

Voila!

The advantage of this method is that you don't have to fix the bad formatting of paste special.


RaLink are pretty well known for working out of the box. I assume this is your built in wireless card. What kind of laptop is it? Need to find out what the wireless adapters is to find out about drivers.


I have some good news for you ... you do not have to be concerned about nor fear anything at all ! The information you have got that your motherboard will get "burned up" by the integrated intel graphics is wrong. There are a lot of computers that do not have a dedicated graphics chip and so are always running with the integrated graphics. The same is valid for the NVIDIA graphics, using it will not damage anything. Maybe the person who gave you the information unfortunately just had a hardware failure, which can happen as with every technical product. So just enjoy Ubuntu !


The command is almost perfect. Your problem is that you need to precede the slash in </property> with a backslash\ like this.

sed -i -e 's/<property name="encryptData">false<\/property>/<property name="encryptData">true<\/property>/g' /Users/User/Desktop/mirth.cfg

Observed I did it for both occurrences.

In this way sed will know that this slash is part of the stream and not part of the command 's'.

Hope this fixes your issue.


Pybombs installer is a python script its self, you need to call python when you run the installer.

Download and extract pybombs.zip

wget https://github.com/gnuradio/pybombs/archive/master.zip
unzip ~/pybombs-master.zip

Move to the extracted directory and run setup.py

cd ~/pybombs-master
sudo python setup.py install

When you configure you must first change to the directory where pybomb is installed

cd /usr/local/bin
./pybombs config

Tested on 15.10


Vagrant now supports Docker a bit more.  That's designed for production environments more so than just vagrant + VirtualBox.

I don't see why you couldn't use provided boxes for OpenStack.. but you wouldn't want it running on VirtualBox (I/O read times are abysmal )

source : http://mitchellh.com/comparing-filesystem-performance-in-virtual-machines


How to display list of character devices and block devices separately

Character devices:

sed -n '/^Character/, /^$/ { /^$/ !p }' /proc/devices

Block devices:

sed -n '/^Block/, /^$/ { /^$/ !p }' /proc/devices

Explanation:

sed - text stream editor
-n - don't implicitly print lines
/start/, /end/ - match from start line to end line
^ - start of line, $ - end of line
{ /^$/ !p } - print if line is not blank - This only affects the character devices section, but we might as well leave it in for the block devices.


nagios nrpe dameon check_nrpe plugin missing

You have installed the nagios-nrpe-server package on the server you want to monitor from Nagios. This is indeed the package providing the NRPE daemon you need on any server to be monitored this way.

On your Nagios server, you need to install the nagios-nrpe-plugin package.
This package will install the check_nrpe plugin on your Nagios server :

> sudo apt-get install nagios-nrpe-plugin
> cd /usr/lib/nagios/plugins/
> ls check_nr*
check_nrpe


Try to disable acer_wmi module by running:

sudo modprobe -r acer_wmi
sudo rfkill unblock all

To set it permanently run this command:

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-acer-wmi.conf <<< "blacklist acer_wmi"


If you know the name of the application, then you can try to find the right .desktop file by grepping a directory listing of where the files live, for example:
$ ls /usr/share/applications | grep -i calculator
org.gnome.Calculator.desktop

If you do not know the application, or the .desktop name has an unexpected name, then you could attempt locating the file based on the name indicated under the icon in the application overview with the find command, e.g.
$ find / -name '*.desktop' -exec grep -H Name=Calculator {} \; 2>/dev/null
/usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Calculator.desktop:Name=Calculator

This searches the contents of all .desktop files that contain the listed name as the Name= attribute.
These are ways to locate the .desktop launcher of which you want to change the icon.


sudo rm -rf ~/Desktop/<path_to_folder>

The reason you cannot remove that folder is that during compiling and installation some files where created with administrator privileges (probably using sudo), you wont be able to remove those with your account.

Its not that the files are being used at the moment, you simply don't have any rights to delete them.

Use the command above to delete the files under that folder, it will grant you privileges to remove it.


Why does ctrl + left arrow not skip words?

1 - In ~/.zshrc

bindkey '^[[1;5D' backward-word
bindkey '^[[1;5C' forward-word

2 - Or in ~/.bashrc

bind '"\e[1;5D" backward-word'
bind '"\e[1;5C" forward-word'

... And now ctrl + left / right jump words in byobu / tmux.

3 - Don't mess with inputrc.


The automatic formatting on the linked website tries to interprete the code of the perl script, thus breaking it and making it rather hard to understand. If you click on View source you can get the raw code.

Here is what the script from ThinkWiki should look like. Please take note of the warnings therein.

#!/usr/bin/perl
# Keep two ThinkPad batteries (system battery and UltraBay) at similar charge levels
# during discharge by switching back and forth. This reduces wear on the UltraBay
# battery, compared to the hardware's default strategy of fully draining the UltraBay
# battery before switching to the system battery.
# WARNING: This script is experimental and uses undocumented hardware features.
# WARNING: If this script crashes, your battery may be forced to keep draining until empty.
# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2 or later.

use strict;
use warnings;
use File::Slurp;

my $thresh = 3; # difference between battery charge levels that justifies switching (hysteresis)

my $default_discharge = 0; # the battery that's discharged as first priority by the BIOS
my $smapi_dir = '/sys/devices/platform/smapi';

my $ac_connected;
my @bat_installed;
my @bat_remaining;
my @bat_state;
my @bat_power_avg;
my @bat_force_discharge;

$SIG{'INT'} = $SIG{'QUIT'} = $SIG{'TERM'} = sub { die("# Killed by SIG$_[0]\n"); };

sub read_chomp_file {
  my ($filename) = @_;
  my ($x) = read_file($filename) or die "Cannot read $filename\n";
  chomp($x);
  return $x;
}

# Read battery status from tp_smapi sysfs interface
sub read_status {
  $ac_connected = read_chomp_file("$smapi_dir/ac_connected");
  for my $b (0..1) {
    $bat_installed[$b] = read_chomp_file("$smapi_dir/BAT$b/installed");
    $bat_force_discharge[$b] = read_chomp_file("$smapi_dir/BAT$b/force_discharge");
    if ($bat_installed[$b]) {
      $bat_remaining[$b] = read_chomp_file("$smapi_dir/BAT$b/remaining_percent");
      $bat_state[$b] = read_chomp_file("$smapi_dir/BAT$b/state");
      $bat_power_avg[$b] = read_chomp_file("$smapi_dir/BAT$b/power_avg") / 1000.0;
    }
    else { $bat_state[$b] = 'none'; }  #This var needs to always have a value for print_bat to not break. This covers the case of starting the program without a battery in the bay/slot.
  }
}

# Print status to stdout (ASCII graphics)
sub print_status {
  print "   ";
  sub print_bat {
    my ($b) = @_;
    my ($ll,$lr,$rl,$rr) = $b ? ('-','>','<','-') : ('<','-','-','>');
    my $icon = sprintf("[%3s]", $bat_installed[$b] ? $bat_remaining[$b]."%" : "");
    my $arrow;
    my $state = $bat_state[$b];
    if ($state eq 'charging') {
      $arrow = sprintf("$ll--%4.1f--$lr", $bat_power_avg[$b]);
    } elsif ($state eq 'discharging') {
      $arrow = sprintf("$rl--%4.1f--$rr", -$bat_power_avg[$b]);
    } elsif ($state eq 'idle' || $state eq 'none') {  #Added none to cover case with no battery in slot when program was started.
      $arrow = "          ";
    } else {
      die "Unknown state $state for battery $b";
    }
    print($b ? "$arrow$icon" : "$icon$arrow");
  }
  print_bat(0);
  print($ac_connected ? ' {AC} ' : ' {  } ');
  print_bat(1);
  print("\n");
}

# Choose which battery to discharge
sub choose_discharge {
  sub set_force_discharge {
    my ($b,$on) = @_;
    return if $b!=$default_discharge; # the non-default battery will be discharged only when necessary anyway
    return if $bat_force_discharge[$b]==$on;
    write_file("$smapi_dir/BAT$b/force_discharge", ($on?'1':'0')) or die ("Cannot write to $smapi_dir/BAT$b/force_discharge: $!\n");
    print("# setting force_discharge on battery $b to $on\n");
    $bat_force_discharge[$b] = $on;
  }

  if ($ac_connected || !$bat_installed[0] || !$bat_installed[1]) {
    for $b (0..1) {
      set_force_discharge($b,0);
    }
  } else {
    if ($bat_remaining[0] > $bat_remaining[1] + $thresh) {
      set_force_discharge(0,1);
      set_force_discharge(1,0);
    } elsif ($bat_remaining[1] > $bat_remaining[0] + $thresh) {
      set_force_discharge(0,0);
      set_force_discharge(1,1);
    }
  }
}

while (1) {
  read_status;
  print_status;
  choose_discharge;
  sleep(5);
}

END {
  print("# Cleanup\n");
  write_file("$smapi_dir/BAT0/force_discharge", ('0'));
  write_file("$smapi_dir/BAT1/force_discharge", ('0'));
}

You have to save it in some file, for example battery-balance.pl. Then you need to make it executable. Best open a terminal and go to where you saved the file, then execute

chmod a+x battery-balance.pl

This makes the script executable for all users. But as this script tries to modify system files it will probably only run successfully with super user permissions. Therefore you have to call it with sudo:

sudo ./battery-balance.pl

Now it should show you which battery will be drained and update this every 5 seconds.

I would suggest testing it this way for quite some time before thinking about starting it in some automatic way.


No 60Hz Refresh Rate option on my 32" 4k external monitor in Ubuntu 20.04

It turns out it was just a hardware limitation of HDMI, so you have to use Display Port instead! So, I bought this USB C to Display Port adapter for $15, plugged in my Display Port cable that came with the monitor into it, and voila! It works perfectly! 4k (3840 x 2160 resolution) at 60 Hz is now an option and it works perfectly!


I have somehow locked or removed my access to sudo - how can I fix it?

visudo edits the sudoers file, which defines the users and groups with administrator rights.
So It looks like you have changed `/etc/sudoers'. Now you can't edit it so only way to edit it is by running Ubuntu directly from either a USB stick or a DVD and edit it back to its original.

for that:

Boot from Ubuntu installation DVD or USB drive and choose 'Try Ubuntu without installing'. Mount the partition of your Ubuntu Installation. If you are not sure which one, launch GParted (included in the Ubuntu installation DVD or USB) or. Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and use the following command:

sudo fdisk -l

and find out. It is usually a EXT4 Partition. Replace the XX with the drive letter, and partition number, for example: sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt.

sudo mount /dev/sdXX /mnt

XX being the partition where Ubuntu is installed.

then

sudo gedit /mnt/etc/sudoers

and edit the file as per the text here

If you want to disable password for sudo add this line

username    ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

below the line

%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

save and

sudo umount /mnt

and

sudo reboot

Boot into your Ubuntu. Done.


Run .bashrc only if terminal launched from within GUI

The shell variable TERM

I think you can check the value of the shell variable TERM with 'if' or 'case' statements to control what to do in text screen and graphical desktop environment.

It is already used in the default bash configuration file ~/.bashrc files of Ubuntu Desktop.

In Ubuntu 18.04 LTS graphical desktop:

$ echo "$TERM"
xterm-256color

This may vary between versions of Ubuntu. Check in your installed system.
In Ubuntu 18.04 LTS text screen:

$ echo "$TERM"
linux

Demo example

Add an 'if' statement to the bash configuration file ~/.bashrc

It is a good idea to make a backup copy before doing it.

cp -p ~/.bashrc ~/.bashrc.backup

and then add something like the following lines (modified for your particular purpose) at the end of the file ~/.bashrc

if [ "$TERM" != "linux" ]
then
 echo "Do your commands for a graphical desktop"
 ...
 ...
fi


My software updater is stuck on "configuring grub-efi-amd64" how can I fix it?

The pre-installed ubuntu may be corrupt. You can fix it by doing this:

You should burn Ubuntu to a disc or flash drive if you have another computer by following this tutorial: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows

If you can not, you can buy one from the ubuntu store: http://shop.canonical.com/index.php?cPath=17

Then install it onto your system.


Having trouble installing ubuntu 13.04 on lenovo y500

Follow this bug report and see if it takes you into the right direction on to fixing your problem...FYI pay attention to the comment from Scott Moore.

Link: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/grub2/+bug/1155993

Good Luck,

Luis


Regarding your second question, there are many other options, such as gthumb, feh (try feh -ZXrF ./), digikam.

I suppose that you don't need to be taught how to install software.

For your first question, if there is no mention of any such option, then maybe you'll have to modify the source code and recompile. I know that this is a task that is out of reach for most.


How can I reset the system from a guest account?

How do I reset a lost administrative password?
Once you change the password, Create a new account for yourself and erase the old one. I hope this helped and good luck on exploring Linux!


How to monitor Ryzen Temperatures on Ubuntu 18.04?

As of Linux kernel version 4.15 (which is the default for Ubuntu 18.04.1), both it87 and nct6775 modules are included in the release. You don't have to compile them yourself.

Here is what it87 is capable right now – in this example on AMD Ryzen 5 2600:

$ sensors
it8792-isa-0a60
Adapter: ISA adapter
in0:          +0.80 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +2.78 V)
in1:          +1.02 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +2.78 V)
in2:          +1.08 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +2.78 V)
+3.3V:        +1.67 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +2.78 V)
in4:          +1.30 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +2.78 V)
in5:          +1.17 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +2.78 V)
in6:          +2.78 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +2.78 V)  ALARM
3VSB:         +1.67 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +2.78 V)
Vbat:         +1.60 V
fan1:           0 RPM  (min =    0 RPM)
fan2:           0 RPM  (min =    0 RPM)
fan3:           0 RPM  (min =    0 RPM)
temp1:        +30.0°C  (low  = +127.0°C, high = +127.0°C)  sensor = thermistor
temp2:        +34.0°C  (low  = +127.0°C, high = +127.0°C)  sensor = Intel PECI
temp3:        +34.0°C  (low  = +127.0°C, high = +127.0°C)  sensor = thermistor
intrusion0:  ALARM

If you need per core temperatures and/or better support for AMD Zen 2 CPUs, they will be available in 4.21 kernel release – hopefully by the end of Q1'2019. More info on Phoronix.

UPDATE: 4.21 just became 5.0 with the 5.0-rc1 release


After GRUB appears I see ACPI BIOS ERROR messages before Ubuntu 20.04 starts normally. How do I solve the problem?

The bugs you are seeing are harmless. Apparently, because of Microsoft's market dominance, the faulty ACPI implementation from Microsoft has become the de facto industry standard. As a result, Linux and other non-Microsoft operating systems have to reverse engineer the faulty ACPI implementation from MS.
Things you may try:

You could try upgrading your BIOS. Here on the Lenovo support website is the latest available firmware for your Lenovo Ideapad 330 and this question explains about upgrading BIOS: How to update the computer bios firmware without using Windows.

Use UEFI mode instead of BIOS legacy mode, if system supports.

Install intel-microcode non-free package.

To just turn off these messages, you may edit /etc/default/grub and add to the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" the parameters acpi=off or noacpi acpi=strict and then run sudo update-grub2.

References:

Unable to Boot after installation , ACPI errors
ACPI BIOS Error AE_NOT_FOUND.


The bootable flash drive is not related to any of this. You probably need to reinstall. The bootable flash drive simply installs ubuntu for you and cannot corrupt your computer in any way.
PS: Please use the correct format for title.


Where do I set socks5 proxy settings on a server?

Besides firefox socks5-client setup (which is what I use most in combination with ssh) I know of dante-client

http://www.inet.no/dante/doc/latest/config/client.html

This package provides the "socksify" client program - a tool which
 forwards network requests from any program to a SOCKS server (v4 or v5)
 which then performs them on your behalf.

Is that what you are looking for?


How to troubleshoot this error when Ubuntu does not install on VirtualBox?

As memory serves me, switching TTY's should fix the problem.

To fix your video problem, hit the  host_key + F1, followed by host_key + F7. It's a bug.

On a Mac, you may have to host_key + fn + F1 and then host_key + fn + F7


You can find the wimax tools at the following location:

https://github.com/ago/wimax-tools


How do I correctly set up and use a mdadm RAID1 device with dm-integrity?

I used this as an example

https://gist.github.com/MawKKe/caa2bbf7edcc072129d73b61ae7815fb

Format the disk with luksFormat:

 dd if=/dev/urandom of=key.bin bs=512 count=1

 cryptsetup luksFormat -q --type luks2 --integrity hmac-sha256 disk1.img key.bin
 cryptsetup luksFormat -q --type luks2 --integrity hmac-sha256 disk2.img key.bin

Open/attach the encrypted disks

cryptsetup luksOpen disk1.img disk1luks --key-file key.bin
cryptsetup luksOpen disk2.img disk2luks --key-file key.bin

Create raid1:

mdadm \
  --create \
  --verbose --level 1 \
  --metadata=1.2 \
  --raid-devices=2 \
  /dev/md/mdtest \
  /dev/mapper/disk1luks \
  /dev/mapper/disk2luks

Create a filesystem, add to LVM volume group, etc...

 mkfs.ext4 /dev/md/mdtest


How can I find the difference between a folder and a folder link in Ubuntu?

There are many ways to see this. First of all, it is indicated in the output of ls -l. Note that the directory has a d at the beginning of the permissions field while the link has an l:

$ ls -l
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon terdon 4096 Feb 13 14:12 bar
lrwxrwxrwx 1 terdon terdon    3 Feb 13 14:12 foo -> bar

You can also use file:

$ file bar foo
bar: directory
foo: symbolic link to `bar'

Another choice is readlink which follows symbolic links to their targets:

$ readlink foo
bar

Running readlink bar will return no output (it fails, returning a non-0 exit code), so you can do something like:

readlink bar || echo "Not a link!"

or

readlink foo && "Echo this is a link"

Finally, you could also use find or the shell itself to list all links:

find . -type l

or

for f in *; do [ -L "$f" ] && echo "$f is a link"; done


It took quite a lot of searching.

The icon is secretly located here.

/usr/share/icons/hicolor/32x32/apps/mate-panel-force-quit.png

I renamed it mate-panel-force-quit1.png(Just in case.) and then placed my custom icon in that directory.


Lock specific apps for each workspace in Ubuntu

Unity LauncherSwitcher (LSwitcher) is a new tool which can be used to to control which apps should be pinned on the Launcher depending on the current workspace.

Available in  Ubuntu 15.04, 14.10 and 14.04.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:vlijm/lswitcher
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lswitcher

Watch this video

source


Is it ill advised to update Ubuntu on VirtualBox + Best Practices?

There is nothing wrong with upgrading Ubuntu to a newer release from a Virtual Box installation. Before we proceed we may want to consider the following:

A new installation may be faster than performing an upgrade.
A dynamically growing disk file will considerably gain physically allocated space during a distribution upgrade (because of package cashing and reorganizing).
A brand new distribution release may not yet be fully supported by Virtual Box.
Best advice is to wait with a distribution upgrade until a new Virtual Box update had fixed possible issues.

The developers of Virtual Box do a tremendously helpful job in making this software compatible with almost any operating system. This however is a process needing considerable effort.

Therefore we can not expect that Virtual Box will be up-to-date exactly at the release point of any new Ubuntu release. At present Ubuntu 14.04 is not yet officially supported from the Oracle Virtual Box download choices. This usually will take some time. Until then we may likely still be able to run Virtual Box but it may need another update of the Virtual Box software until issues and bugs from integrating with a new distribution are being fixed.


What is the difference between installing Kubuntu and Gnome with the Plasma Desktop

Let me try to clarify a bit for you.

KDE plasma is about the same as gnome-shell, it is the most recent iteration of KDE.

You can have multiple DE installed, in this case both gnome and kde, without a problem and you can choose which one to log into at the login window .

Right now, KDE can not run on wayland, and is in the process of transitioning to wayland.

gnome-shell can run on either wayland and X11 .

"gnome" is a desktop environment, it includes a bunch of packages other than the window manager such as gedit, nautilus, a number of servies, etc.

gnome-shell is the window manager.

kde is a desktop environment and includes a bunch of packager such as kate, k3b, a number of kde services, etc.

plasma is the window manager (well kwin is the  window manager and plasma is the window manager + desktop features such as widgets but generally "plasma" does not generally refer to the additional packages such as kate, k3b, etc).

see What is the difference between a desktop environment and a window manager?

so gnome and kde include a large number of packages of which gnome-shell and kde plasma (kwin) are a part.


This configuration file is essential to DNS resolution?

Yes /etc/nsswitch.conf is essential. Read man nsswitch.conf.
Originally, Unix (pre-Linux) stored userid, passwords, hostnames, etc. in local files in /etc. When networking came along, some Unix systems managers wanted to get this information from the network (imagine updating a password on 256 different systems). Sun (SunOS, Solaris), with their "Yellow Pages" (later renamed "Network Information System") solved this problem with nsswitch.conf. It still works.
"nsswitch" is an acronym for "Name Service SWITCH"
Along with nsswitch.conf, the getent command, and the library calls getpwent, getgrent, gethostent provides programmer method-independent access to these quantities. Read the man pages for more information.


Upgrade from Ubuntu 12.04 to 12.10 with the iso on USB flash drive

I am not sure if there is a way to pre-download the files you need for the upgrade with an other computer. I am a afraid a iso can only be used for a fresh install (I could be wrong of course). I think most of the software needs to be re downloaded since these need to be the versions compatible with the new Ubuntu install.

however I wanted to mention that if you have your /home on a separate partition most if not all of your settings are stored on that partition. this means that if you do a fresh install, but don't format your /home partition (only point the installation to it) almost all your settings are saved. for example after the re-installation all my e-mail accounts and emails in Thunderbird where still present! this makes doing a fresh install not a big deal!

something can always go wrong so of course make a backup before re-installing!

If you do not have a separate /home partition I think you can rescue most of your settings by copying all of the folders in your home directory with a dot in front of the name (make them visible by pressing ctrl-h when in your home folder in your file browser). after your fresh install you copy the folders back and I think this will restore the applications settings. but try at your own risk ;)


This answer is only for BIOS (not UEFI) and Windows 7

Note to Others:

Those with Windows 8 and above trying UEFI install on two separate drives see Dual Booting win 10 and Ubuntu 18.04 on two separate physical ssds

End of Note to Others

I assume you will be installing the latest version of Ubuntu Studio 20.04. Since Windows is installed in BIOS (Legacy) mode, I recommend you install Ubuntu in the same mode. I will answer your questions first and then give some pointers about Legacy boot install.

Questions and Answers:

The question is this:

  1) What are the partition requirements to run Ubuntu Studio on the
  hard drive? Do I need separate partition for each of the following and
  what settings and size should I use?

Modern Ubuntu (and therefore Ubuntu Studio) can use only one partition as the system partition / and does not need any other partitions.

  1.1) Primary Partition with largest space for the main installation ext4 format. I assume Primary?

Since this will be a dedicated drive for Ubuntu Studio. A single primary partition formatted ext4 and with the mountpoint / is what you need. You can use all of the space in the drive to make this single partition at the time of installation.

  1.2) EFI partition, size? Logical or Primary?

Since Windows 7 does not use UEFI, you should install Ubuntu in Legacy (BIOS) mode. This mode of Ubuntu installation does not need (and will not create) an EFI partition.

  1.3) Swap partition, size? Format?

Ubuntu 20.04 uses a swap file by default. You don't need a swap partition unless you want to hibernate your computer to disk when Ubuntu is running. The swap partition is not formatted. You select Linux-Swap from the drop down menu.

Hibernating does not work on all computers and is disabled in Ubuntu by default. Only if you plan to enable and use hibernate, you will want a swap partition. The swap partition size should be 1.5 ties the size of RAM your computer has.

  2) I assume the device for boot loader will be the same hard drive as
  A) above?

Since you will be using BIOS (Legacy) and not UEFI, and you are using Windows 7, the boot loader can go to either Drive 0 (Windows) or Drive 3.

If you put the bootoader in Drive 0, then you will not need to make any changes in BIOS.

However, putting the Ubuntu bootloader in Drive 0 (Windows) this is not recommended especially if you plan to upgrade Windows to a more recent version in the future. Thanks oldfred for extensive comments. Among other things, an upgrade (sometimes just an update) of Windows will overwrite the Ubuntu bootloader with the Windows bootloader and make Ubuntu unbootable.

If you put the bootloader in Drive 3, you will need to make Drive 3 the first boot drive in the BIOS settings.

In this case the first time you boot after connecting all the drives and changing the boot order to boot from Drive 3, the computer will boot straight to Ubuntu and won't show grub with a choice to boot Windows 7. This is normal.

After booting into Ubuntu from Drive 3 for the first time, open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter the command:

sudo update-grub

Enter your Ubuntu password when prompted and press enter. The cursor won't move and you won't see any *****. This is normal.

Next time you boot the computer you should see the option to choose between Windows and Ubuntu.
Note: always select the whole drive in the bootloader drive selection menu. For example it may be /dev/sda (for Drive 0) or /dev/sdd (for Drive 3), never /dev/sda1 or /dev/sdd.

  3) I have read that it is best to disconnect the other hard drives
  when installing Ubuntu?

Disconnecting all the hard drives (other than 3) will allow you to use the default installation of Ubuntu. This also eliminates the possibility of you making a mistake and installing Ubuntu in the wrong drive and thus, deleting everything that was there in that drive for ever.

You don't have to choose:

"Something Else..."
Partition and format the hard drive yourself. (You just select the option to use the whole drive and erase everything.)
Decide where to put the Ubuntu bootloader. (The installer will automatically put it on Drive 3, the only connected drive)

You have two options:

You can choose "Erase Disk and Install Ubuntu". This will use the whole Drive 3 and put the Ubuntu bootloader in Drive 3.

Once you click Install Now button you will be shown how the Drive 3 will be used, as below:

Note: Since only the drive for Ubuntu installation is connected it is designated as /dev/sda in the above picture.

The above picture is interpreted as, installer will create an extended partition /dev/sda1, and a single logical partition /dev/sda5 formatted ext4 inside it.

You can choose "Something Else..." and select and setup mountpoint, partition types, and remember to format the partition(s) etc.

Here the simplest option would be to create a single primary partition /dev/sda1 spanning the whole Drive 3, assign it the mountpoint / and format it ext4.

Keeping the drives connected while installing Ubuntu is also possible. You may want to do this if you have never opened a computer case and don't want to unplug and plug cables inside the computer.

You can choose "Install alongside Windows 7" if drive 3 (Ubuntu) has MBR (GPT should work too) but has only unallocated space. That is, all existing partitions are removed before installation. Thanks NMath for the comments.

Once you click Install Now button you will be shown how the Drive 3 will be used, as below:

Note: Since both the drive with Window (Windows 10 in my case) and new drive for Ubuntu installation are connected the Ubuntu Drive is designated as /dev/sdb in the above picture. Yours may be different.

Warning:  If you see the option to resize the the Windows partition in Drive 0, then abort installation as Drive 3 was not detected properly.

Note: If you use this easy option you won't get a chance to select where to put the Ubuntu bootloader.

You can choose "Something Else..." and select the correct drive and setup mountpoint, partition types, and remember to format the partition etc.

This will also allow you to put the bootloader in the drive 0 or Drive 3. See question 2.

Install Ubuntu in Legacy Mode

Whether Ubuntu will install in UEFI mode or in Legacy mode depends on how you boot from the Live installation USB.

You typically press a key to get to the boot menu when the computer boots with the USB plugged in. The menu may give you two options:

USB something UEFI or UEFI something USB
USB something BIOS/Legacy/CSM or BIOS/Legacy/CSM something USB

Choose the one that does not say UEFI.

If you boot from the USB in the BIOS/Legacy mode you will see:

(Note: these images are from an older version of standard Ubuntu installation. Yours may look different.)

Immediately followed by:

If you see something like this, you have booted in UEFI mode. Reboot and try again:

Hope this helps


Actually a colleague just asked me and I found a work-around - use

env var.with.dots=value command


Chances are that your drivers are actually working perfectly well.  The Graphics listing in System Info is wrong by default in Ubuntu 11.10.  It is based on the output of the glxinfo command, which we don't install by default.

It's highly likely that installing the mesa-demos package will correct the output of System Info.  This won't change your graphics performance or driver - it's highly likely that you're already using the correct drivers - it will just fix the reporting of your driver.


GNU GRUB version 2.02 opening when I boot laptop

If your system doesn't boot up and stays stuck in initfamfs, there might be some problem in your system boot files. It can happen because of several things: wrong boot loader configuration, missing files, etc.

I suggest you to try to boot your system from an Ubuntu install disk, and then try to mount your system volume and analyse what may be wrong from there.

boot-repair may also help solve the problem, see: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


How do you branch a single file from a multi-file project in bazaar?

You can use bzr cat, example :

$ bzr cat lp:~ubuntu-clock-dev/ubuntu-clock-app/utopic-3.0/app/ubuntu-clock-app.qml > ubuntu-clock-app.qml

To get a binary file :

$ bzr cat lp:~ubuntu-art-pkg/ubuntu-themes/trunk/distributor-logo.png  > distributor-logo.png

To get the content of a folder, you can combine bzr ls -R and bzr cat to replicate the folder

$ bzr ls -R lp:~ubuntu-clock-dev/ubuntu-clock-app/utopic-3.0/backend/
CMakeLists.txt
modules/
modules/Alarm/
modules/Alarm/Settings/
modules/Alarm/Settings/alarmsettings.cpp
modules/Alarm/Settings/alarmsettings.h
modules/Alarm/Settings/backend.cpp
modules/Alarm/Settings/backend.h
modules/Alarm/Settings/qmldir
modules/DateTime/
modules/DateTime/backend.cpp
modules/DateTime/backend.h
modules/DateTime/datetime.cpp
modules/DateTime/datetime.h
modules/DateTime/qmldir
modules/GeoLocation/
modules/GeoLocation/backend.cpp
modules/GeoLocation/backend.h
modules/GeoLocation/geolocation.cpp
modules/GeoLocation/geolocation.h
modules/GeoLocation/qmldir
modules/Timezone/
modules/Timezone/backend.cpp
modules/Timezone/backend.h
modules/Timezone/generictimezonemodel.cpp
modules/Timezone/generictimezonemodel.h
modules/Timezone/jsontimezonemodel.cpp
modules/Timezone/jsontimezonemodel.h
modules/Timezone/qmldir
modules/Timezone/timezonemodel.cpp
modules/Timezone/timezonemodel.h
modules/Timezone/xmltimezonemodel.cpp
modules/Timezone/xmltimezonemodel.h
tests/
tests/unit/


Use middle mouse button to pan around (system wide)

You cannot do it system-wide unfortunately. It is on an application per application basis.

Please note that the feature you are asking for is called autoscrolling. So googling autoscrolling + <application name> should help you find which application allows this feature.


How to install Syslinux on Ubuntu 13.04?

I use ExtLinux, a variant of syslinux on Ubuntu 14.
You can find a very detailed installation guide here.

A quick summary of the procedure:

Download the software:

  sudo apt-get install extlinux syslinux-common

Install the bootloader:

  sudo extlinux --install /boot/extlinux

Make sure the partion is marked as bootable using Gparted
Replace the GRUB2 MBR with the one used by extlinux:

  sudo cat /usr/lib/extlinux/mbr.bin >/dev/sda

Setup the menu:

  sudo cp -pv /usr/lib/syslinux/menu /boot/extlinux

Enable chain loading of Windows:

  sudo cp -pv /usr/lib/syslinux/chain.c32 /boot/extlinux

Let ubuntu detect the OS's and built the menu

  sudo extlinux-update

Reboot to test if it works.

Steps 5 and 6 maybe done automatically by extlinux-update.


What are the system requirements for GNOME Classic in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

Minimum System Requirements

1000 MHz processor (for example Intel Celeron or better);
1 GB RAM (system memory);
6 GB of free hard drive space for installation;
either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media;
Internet access is helpful (for installing updates during the installation process).

Official Source


intex 3.5g modem not detected in ubuntu 14.04 LTS

if it zero cd modem you can use it by using simple a tricks, that currently i am using.
open terminal atrl+t and write sudo eject /dev/sr0
after that you will found your modem on network connection tools. configure it using your own career settings.

or you can simply use gdebi package installer.
open terminal and type sudo apt-get insall gdebi
after installing this apps you can install any deb apps right click>open with gdebi package installer


I see two problems with your setup:

  However, I borrowed and used the .init script from this blog (in lieu of editing my Xprofile).

The init script from that blog post is outdated (i.e., for versions of GnuPG prior to 2.1). Don't use it.

  Edit: Upon doing set | grep SSH_AUTH_SOCK, I get:

SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/run/user/1000/keyring-PLDuNs/ssh

  However, upon trying to cat this file, I get a No such device or address error. However, I'm not sure if this is relevant or just user error by expecting a return.

You're using the wrong SSH auth socket.

For a source on these claims, consult the official documentation. For a straight fix, see Jens Erat’s outline of the process on the Unix StackExchange. Copied here for convenience:

  enable the ssh-agent protocol by adding enable-ssh-support to ~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf
  export SSH_AUTH_SOCK=$HOME/.gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh; you might want to do that in your ~/.profile
  kill ssh-agent if started and reload gpg-agent (gpg-connect-agent reloadagent /bye)
  export and add your public key to target servers (ssh-add -L should now contain the familiar SSH public key line for your OpenPGP key)

  Editor's Note: This step can be simplified by adding the key's ‘keygrip’ value to ~/.gnupg/sshcontrol and then authorizing it on the remote server with ssh-copy-id.
  ssh to the target server as with a normal SSH key


How do I explicitly save changes when running Kubuntu 17.04 from a live USB?

You need to create a "Persistent" Live USB.  A persistent USB contains a partition where you can save your data, and it will also save changes you make to your Ubuntu.

An excellent tool is mkusb.

Install it using the following.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mkusb/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install mkusb mkusb-nox usb-pack-efi

Instructions for using mkusb are here.

Prepare your USB

Launch guidus from launcher
w Wipe a drive
1 wipe 1 (the first) Mibiyte

Install Ubuntu

Launch guidus from launcher
Select i Install (make a boot device)
Select p 'Persistent live' - only Debian and Ubuntu
Select your USB device (like "sdb" or "sdc")
Select msdos GPT
Select usb-pack-efi (default grub from ISO file). Note, this is for EFI boot.
Select percentage of USB that you want to use for persistence.
Select Go
Click OK to the grub-pc error
Click OK to ... must be fetched from the iso

Create an Admin User

Once you've created your persistent Live USB, you might want to create a new user for your persistent iso, and grant the user sudo (admin) and other privileges:

sudo adduser <user>
sudo usermod -a -G adm,dialout,cdrom,floppy,sudo,audio,dip,video,plugdev,users,lpadmin,sambashare <user>


How can I install Ubuntu using the Alternate disk from USB-stick?

Use the Startup Disk Creator in System --> Administration


I am not 100% sure this is what you are asking, but...

To switch to the nouveau driver from nvidia-xyz driver, open Software and Updates and click the Additional Drivers tab.

Select the nouveau driver from the list of video drivers, then reboot your system.


Any Ubuntu/Linux support for Gigabyte-990FXA-UD3?

Go into the BIOS and turn 'IOMMU' to "enabled" F10 to save/exit/reboot. I had the same problem, this is what fixed it- credit to the webs (search "IOMMU Ubuntu LAN" or something similar to view others' experiences).

Cheers!


Have you tried contacting Ubuntu SSO support?
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ISD
There is an email address near the bottom of the page. I'm sure they will be glad to assist you in recovering your Ubuntu account.


How to install gnome having unity unchanged?

As answered previously by
Damian Here Installing Gnome Shell Desktop Enviroment

You may also Download and Install Via Software Center Gnome Shell Ubuntu Software Center

Just Install it like so

Open Terminal CTRL + ALT + T then copy and paste the following

Use this commands (minimum installation):

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell
sudo apt-get install gnome-session

or simply this (normal installation):

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop

Then log out and on the login screen there should be a new icon after the password field click this and select Gnome.

It has recently come to my attention that Gnome is unstable in Ubuntu and may cause issues with your system.


Remove the installer slide show first:

Go to Software center -> All files
search for "ubiquity-slideshow"
click on the Remove button
wait until the Install button appears (this may take a while).

Or from the command line: sudo apt-get remove ubiquity-slideshow-ubuntu

The installer should work now.

Or, if you are installing Ubuntu Studio 12.04 LTS, for example :
  sudo apt-get remove ubiquity-slideshow-ubuntustudio


Try

$ sudo apt-get install libnotify-bin

then go to skype options, notification settings, find event you want to edit (for example, online contact notification), check "Execute following script" and insert

notify-send "%sname is now online" -i skype

This worked for me. You can do this with other notifications as well.


How to make a video from separate frames

You can use blender which includes it's own Video Sequence Editor. Within the VSE when you add an image you can select as many images as you want and they will be added as a sequence. Then you can select a video format for the output file format adjust the encoding settings to taste and render the animation.


No OS found, after installing Ubuntu on my Sony Vaio

You must make sure that you have ubuntu installed compeletely.
Has the ubuntu boot entry been added to the MBR?


Upgrading to Ubuntu 16.04 removed my MediaWiki installation, how do I get it back?

This answer presumes you're willing to maintain MediaWiki yourself from now on.

Also, it will install MediaWiki in the real document root of your web server. Previously, that will have been an alias, and the real installation path will have been under /var/lib/mediawiki, but as it's now up to you to maintain it instead of the Debian/Ubuntu maintainers, it's simplest to put it under its real path.

In this answer, the website's document root is /srv/apache2/public_html and the location of the wiki on the web server is /wiki (e.g. http://myserver/wiki), making the full path /srv/apache2/public_html/wiki. You'll need to adapt these paths to fit your own setup.

Download the latest MediaWiki and unpack it directly to the path it should have on your web server.

wget https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.26/mediawiki-1.26.2.tar.gz
tar xvf mediawiki-1.26.2.tar.gz
mv mediawiki-1.26.2 /srv/apache2/public_html/wiki
cd /srv/apache2/public_html/wiki
chown -R www-data:www-data .

Edit the file LocalSettings.php and change the settingMW_INSTALL_PATH from /var/lib/mediawiki to the new path.

Do the same in the file /etc/apache2/conf-available/mediawiki.conf

If you uploaded any images to your wiki, you'll have an images directory in /var/lib/mediawiki. Copy it to the new installation directory:

cp -a /var/lib/mediawiki/images .

You'll find that several of the PHP packages that MediaWiki relies on aren't installed for PHP 7, which is the new standard PHP version for Ubuntu 16.04. MediaWiki works fine with PHP 7, but you need to install these packages manually and enable them:

apt-get install libapache2-mod-php7.0 php-apcu php-gd php-json php-mysql php-xml
phpenmod apcu gd json pdo_mysql dom
a2enmod php7.0
a2enconf mediawiki

I used APC for caching, and I found that MediaWiki uses the traditional APC module, which isn't included with PHP 7. I fixed this by using the APCu module instead. In MediaWiki's code, replace apc_* calls with apcu_* calls:

sed -i 's/apc_/apcu_/g' includes/libs/objectcache/APCBagOStuff.php
sed -i 's/apc_/apcu_/g' includes/objectcache/ObjectCache.php

Run the upgrade script to update MediaWiki's database structure:

cd maintenance/
php update.php

If the database user you use for the wiki doesn't have the permissions to modify the database structure, the script will fail. Use the script's --dbuser and --dbpass options to supply a MySQL user with more privileges. If you have an AdminSettings.php file, use the details in there -- MediaWiki no longer reads this file itself, and you should delete this file from now on.

Now it should be possible to restart Apache and see your wiki on your website:

service apache2 restart

One last problem I had appeared when visiting my wiki: MediaWiki 1.25+ disabled skin auto-discovery and I was told to add an explicit wfLoadSkin( 'Vector' ); to my LocalSettings.php.


My boss bought two of these because the hp site has misleading info on them saying these machines are linux compatible (by my own investigation, not really). So I am going to install linux on two of these "servers".

Yesterday, I had a big run around with their technical support and the horrible layout of that site. They were not helpful in any way in trying to install Linux on these machines. They didn't even suggest any of the supposedly supported Linux operating systems. So I spent a lot of time on that site, and noticed all kinds of bios updates and drivers for Redhat Linux.

Today, I am going to try one machine with trying to install fedora with Redhat drivers and bios updates, the other computer, I am going to try a real hard drive controller (since I think that is reason why the drives drop out on installation) and install Ubuntu server. I think the hard drive controller that is built into this machine is a windows software based instead of a real controller plus co-processor which is standard to use on a server environment. Its dual 4K video suggests to me that they re purposed this motherboard because most server setups don't use a graphic user interfaces (just a terminal prompt) The base chip set seemed like its supported in some fashion because it boots, but the hard drive controller behaves like its uncompilable. I get video during usb boot so some modes are supported there, so I may have to pass a directive in grub for the correct video mode if the video stops working after installation.

1st machine. this one was bought at CDW that has a hard drive, but no os. I noticed someone installed a password in the MEBx section, so, I opened her up, and removed the bios battery for a few minutes and reinstalled it. I went into MEBx setup and disabled AMT manageability and remote management. Inside bios, I disabled the network stack too, in the drives I disabled all software raid settings (raid5 selected even though there is one drive installed) ACHI is the controller setting. I usb booted with Ubuntu 16.04 64bit server (latest download from ubuntu) and installed. While it was setting up the drive. I got warnings about the boot partition not getting updated, but I ignored them and continued. This computer system boots Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

I installed xubuntu-desktop just to see if a GUI works, and it does. Be sure that you click the default menu or else you'll have to set that up (if you want to use it) It ran xfce in VGA mode (I imagine graphics drivers needed to be downloaded-installed for SVGA, but its there!)

I have to stop and go into php programming land, but I wanted to give you an update on machine #1

Will be adding more info when I get to machine two: The one bought from hp with no drives installed.

Machine#2:

The raid section is configurable. I tried both fedora and ubuntu, but the hard drive performance is about as equivalent as my 1990 i486 with ata33 dives. It seems the windows reporting error setting and the secure key device boot are the features you have to disable. Needless to say, the raid is a software raid and the current linux software raid solution for the os works better than their driver. But to compare and contrast, this machine cost less than a really nice sas raid card that would be installed on a real server. I've worked with driver based raids over the past two decades, and this one is the poorest performing one by my observation.


Lubuntu power settings (xfce4-power-manager) won't dim-screen to save power

I've solved this by replacing the 64 bit version of Lubuntu with the 32 bit version. It took twice as long to install, but is running with no noticeable difference (except the screen dims now!).


Launch Nautilus and navigate to /usr/share/applications. Find the started for OpenOffice. Then copy the file and paste it into the folder ~/.local/share/applications.

Note that ~ is your home folder and files/folders whose names start with . are hidden by default and you can press ctrl + H in Nautilus to make them visible.

Then open GEdit and drag the file you just pasted into it. Search for the line which starts with Exec= and change that line to Exec=soffice because you said that executing soffice works for you. Save the file.

Right-click the file you pasted into ~/.local/share/applications and choose Properties. Switch to the Permissions tab and check the checkbox which says "Allow executing file as program".

You can double-click the file to find out whether it works. If it works if you double-click the file but doesn't work from the dash instantly, logging out and in again or restarting the computer is probably the easiest solution.

Note that this only works for users with the adapted starter in ~/.local/share/applications. If several people use the computer and you want it to work for all of them, you have to make the change in the file you found in /usr/share/applications which requires root rights. If there only is one account or only one account you want to use OpenOffice with, choose the solution I described above.


I'm not sure why but I guess CCSM thinks that wobbly windows doesn't have a unity dependency and as a result it disables unity after enabling that effect. I have tried it myself and after a restart unity is gone: no launcher, no nothing. I would stay away from CCSM.

There is a way to get the wobbly windows effect without using CCSM: https://askubuntu.com/a/166772/292615

EDIT

Actually, the solution I pointed to is kind of long and I found an easier way to enable it without messing up unity.

Open CCSM and go to Preferences > Plugin List tab.
Uncheck Automatic plugin sorting.
On the left panel find wobbly. Select it and press the right arrow.
wobbly should have moved from the left to the right panel.
And the effect should now be working.


Multi display issue with Ubuntu GNOME 14.04

I have the same issue

seems like gnome-settings-daemon is not loading monitors.xml at  startup

my work around is to run this command

pkill -9 -f gnome-settings-daemon

as a "Startup Application"

i have documented this in my ubuntu 14.04 update and problems post

not sure if there is a better solution


Desktop notification when long running commands complete

As far as I understood you want a wrapper. And you want to use a command through it so that it will give you desired notification if running time of your command is more than 15 sec. So here is it.

wrapper(){
    start=$(date +%s)
    "$@"
    [ $(($(date +%s) - start)) -le 15 ] || notify-send "Notification" "Long\
 running command \"$(echo $@)\" took $(($(date +%s) - start)) seconds to finish"
}

Copy this function in your ~/.bashrc and source ~/.bashrc as,

. ~/.bashrc

Useage

wrapper <your_command>

If it takes more than 15 sec you will get the desktop-notification describing the command and its time of execution.

Example

wrapper sudo apt-get update


Installing qemu is all of it - the system virtualization and the user mode emulation of all arches.
From the package description:

  User mode emulation ...
  Full system emulation ...

The next lesser set would be qemu-system which will depend on all system emulations but no user mode emulation.
From the package description:

  This metapackage provides the full system emulation binaries for all
  supported  targets, by depending on all per-architecture system
  emulation packages which  QEMU supports.

And finally if you just want x86 system emulation you can install just qemu-system-x86

# apt install qemu-system-x86 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done The following
additional packages will be installed:   ipxe-qemu
ipxe-qemu-256k-compat-efi-roms qemu-block-extra qemu-system-common
qemu-system-data qemu-system-gui qemu-utils seabios sharutils
Suggested packages:   samba vde2 sgabios ovmf debootstrap
sharutils-doc bsd-mailx | mailx The following NEW packages will be
installed:   ipxe-qemu ipxe-qemu-256k-compat-efi-roms qemu-block-extra
qemu-system-common qemu-system-data qemu-system-gui qemu-system-x86
qemu-utils seabios sharutils


Problems to connect to ubuntu server in a virtual machine

In the VirtualBox > Machine > Settings > Network > Adapter 1

Select Attached to: Bridged Adapter
and the name of your network card (it's probably already selected)


Do the following:

Go to your Home directory.
Press Ctlr+H to show all hidden files.
Then go to the .local/share/applications folder and delete the mime files.
Restart the computer and check the result.


Possible to preview what will rsync do, before overwriting/deleting files?

Use this command line option:

-n, --dry-run               perform a trial run with no changes made


Realtek RTL8812AE has slower connection in Ubuntu than in Windows

I struggled with the same issue for days (had 6 Mb/s on my Ubuntu 18.04)
Downloaded that driver from github and now I finally have my network running at 144Mb/s:

https://github.com/mid-kid/r8822be

I'm a total noob so if any other noob out there has this issue that I had, and specifically those that want to kill themselves after buying Lenovo Legion Y530 and thought it will be a walk in a park installing Ubuntu 18.04...

Download as a zip the whole git from the link above
Rename the old driver file (it's possible that the kernel version had changed by the time you're reading this):

In one terminal (let's call this one term1):

cd /lib/modules/5.0.0-29-generic/kernel/drivers/staging/rtlwifi

sudo mv r8822be.ko r8822be_.ko

ll

(you should see that the file name had been changed successfully)

Extract the zip somewhere (I have a folder that contains some other  drivers that I tried, including some of the TP-LINK dongles I bought, none really worked of course...)
In another terminal (to be called term2), go to the unzipped folder (where the readme file is) and follow the readme file instructions. For me, I did it like so:

./make

sudo ./make install

Now back to term1, ll again to check if it wrote the file. Hopefully it did.
Reboot.

Hope it works for you!

If it did, I think you can remove the r8822be_.ko now (I made a copy just in case)

If anyone has comments I would love to read them


Setting LightDM background from command-line without Unity

Try

  sudo pstree

Do it twice:

(1) when running LightDM as display manager and (Compiz?) as the compositing window manager for Unity

(2) when running ABC as display manager and Fluxbox as the window manager.

I think in the second case, there is no gnome-session process started, so gsettings will not work.

( I didn't test.)


On Ubuntu 16.04, with Samsung 850 EVO SSD, is any post configuration needed?

fstrim supports the option --all on Ubuntu 16.04.

$ lsb_release -dirc
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS
Release:        16.04
Codename:       xenial

$ fstrim --help

Usage:
 fstrim [options] <mount point>

Discard unused blocks on a mounted filesystem.

Options:
 -a, --all           trim all mounted filesystems that are supported
 -o, --offset <num>  the offset in bytes to start discarding from
 -l, --length <num>  the number of bytes to discard
 -m, --minimum <num> the minimum extent length to discard
 -v, --verbose       print number of discarded bytes

 -h, --help     display this help and exit
 -V, --version  output version information and exit

For more details see fstrim(8).

By default, Ubuntu 16.04 mounts all file systems with relatime. This works much better than noatime while adding only a very small number of write operations.

Do not mess with the I/O scheduler.

For peace of mind, you can use smartctl (install it with sudo apt-get install smartmontools if needed) from time to time to check on Life_Curve_Status, SSD_Life_Left, and Lifetime_Writes_GiB:

$ sudo smartctl --all /dev/sda
...
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME      FLAG    VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
...
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022  047   063   000    Old_age   Always       -       47 (Min/Max 21/63)
...
230 Life_Curve_Status   0x0013  100   100   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       100
231 SSD_Life_Left       0x0013  100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
...
241 Lifetime_Writes_GiB 0x0032  000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       388
...

(Life_Curve_Status and SSD_Life_Left have values in percentage points: you will want to replace the SSD when they decrease below 20% or 10%. If you can, make your terminal 132 columns before running smartctl.)

Finally, please remember that the 850 EVO is a high-quality expensive SSD from a reputable manufacturer. It is resilient and will last a long time, probably longer than any spinning disc. The only thing you can do which Samsung admits that it would help is to overprovision it a little, that is, when partitioning leave about 5% of unpartitioned space. (This will let the internal remapping / garbage collection algorithms work more efficiently; it you decide to do it then do it only when the SSD is new or after a full-disc trim or a security erase so that the overprovisioned space consists entirely of blocks known to be not in use.)


change rename shortcut to return in nautilus

You can find the answer to this question over in Keyboard Shortcut to Rename File in GUI (Other Than F2), including 14.04/16.04 (same solution) and 18.04 (newer solution).


Ubuntu 11.10 GNOME shell stuck in fallback mode

In fallback mode your gnome shell will work in 2D settings. Thus all you need is setting your session type while your logging in to "gnome" or "3D".
If you have "gnome-session-fallback" installed on your ubuntu, you can use this facility to fallback.
In you log in page while you want choose user and authenticate, you can change your desktop session to gnome 2D or gnome(3D).


Change the keyboard shortcut for launching the dash in 13.04?

This can be done using the Unity Tweak Tool

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

Look for the keyboard shortcuts preference pane.


How might I run web browsers from separate spaces (sandboxing)?

With Chromium, or Google Chrome, just tell it to use different data directories:

google-chrome --user-dir=/tmp/admin
google-chrome --user-dir=/tmp/unauth
google-chrome --user-dir=/tmp/normal

Then you can just delete these directories when you're done.

Or if you want random temporary directories:

google-chrome --user-dir=$(mktemp -d)


You may need to install or update:

(Adobe) Flash player (in Synaptic / Software Center under flashplugin-installer or flashplugin or adobe flash player, any of those should find it)
a web browser that can do HTML5 (like Firefox or Chromium or Opera) and try telling youtube to try to use HTML5 first ( at this page https://www.youtube.com/html5 )

If you're using the Adobe Flash player, these Adobe pages have some tests & tips, they're at least good pages to see if your flash player works:

https://www.adobe.com/software/flash/about/
http://helpx.adobe.com/flash-player.html

That is all assuming you have a working internet connection and can load other plain websites.


Avoiding mouse scrolling in Gedit when editing long documents

Option 1:
Page Up and Page Down keys do this, but may move you further than you want.
Option 2:
I don't know if this works in gedit, but it does in kate, the KDE equivalent. Ctrl+↑ or Ctrl+↓ scrolls the page down or up, one line at a time. Unfortunately, it doesn't move the cursor with it.


What protocol should I use to wirelessly connect to a Cannon Pixma MX860?

Turns out bjnp does work when the package is installed via ppa:robbiew/cups-bjnp

See the community wiki here for a full how to: https://askubuntu.com/a/458619/171245


How can I install different versions of PHP in xampp

I dont't know if it is possible but you can install it manualy from the terminal.

sudo apt-get install apache2 php5

and then type your password for the user. And open firefox and type

http://localhost/

You dont need XAMP to run the apache or php server now


How can I recover Deleted files during Ubuntu setup, the drives are not there anymore

I am so sorry. If you wiped and reformatted your drive, there is no way practical way outside of a laboratory to bring that back.

If it's any consolation, it's happened to each and every one of us at least once.

Best idea is to be very careful when installing a new operating system, and/or to keep extensive backups. Use two hard drives - one for media and documents, one for your system software and applications - is also a good idea.


Nvidia drivers with GeForce 680M problem

The way I solved this problem, was to install Bumblebee to enable optimus.

For some reason the default video card seen in Ubuntu is the integrated Intel card and installing the Nvidia drivers without bumblebee causes a mess. The installation is pretty painless.  To run your software with the Nvidia chip, you need to open terminal (Ctrl+alt+T) then type optirun in front of whatever you want to run.

An added benefit is you will get better battery life as the Nvidia graphic card will be turned off when not in use.


Kubuntu taskbar appearing on non-primary monitor, disappears when only one screen enabled

So you say that the expected behavior should be that the taskbar appears on the primary monitor? I'm not certain that KDE guarantees that behavior. Maybe your best bet here is to configure which monitor is your primary monitor such that the taskbar lands wherever you want it to be.


Maybe it is a graphical issue and you can't see the other options.Have you tried to press enter without pressing anything other bevor? Have you tried the installation on another PC with the same flash drive (it should be enough to see the menu at the beginning)?Try the installation from a CD on the PC where you have the problem.


modprobe: ERROR: ../libkmod/libkmod-module.c:838 kmod_module_insert_module() could not find module by name='off'

Full solution:
modprobe nouveau can start working after running in recovery mode as root:

apt remove --purge nvidia-driver-450
reboot

However, the system still does not start and freezes at the greeter.
Basically for some reason, I had to remove the nvidia driver in order to have the nouveau driver to activate. Not ideal but might lead someone in the right direction towards solving this puzzle.
I figured out that the system was not freezing, it was something to do with the keyboard and mouse no longer being detected once the GUI interface starts (really weird, that explains why there were not any specific logs, hence me initially looking at the graphic card drivers).
The solution works with the latest kernel 5.8.0 and nvidia-driver-450even working with two 4K displays, the downfall is the support for virtualbox by this kernel

sudo apt-get --purge autoremove xserver-xorg-input-all
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-all

After rebooting everything is working as normal with the nvidia drivers, hence no need to use the nouveau driver, but good to know all of it anyway ;)


On a default installation the cron jobs get logged to

/var/log/syslog

You can see just cron jobs in that logfile by running

 grep CRON /var/log/syslog

If you haven't reconfigured anything,the entries will be in there.


How to move "home" to a separate partition in recovery mode?

The safe way

Back up your HOME to an external drive by copying its content while in recovery mode. After booting to a root shell or (recommended) after booting your computer with a live system from CD or USB using the 15.10 installation medium we have to mount the external drive. From the live system "Try out Ubuntu" we can simply mount it using Nautilus. From the command line in a root shell we can mount it from the command line as was further elaborated here:

How to access a usb flash drive from the terminal? (How can I mount a flash drive manually?)

After the external drive was mounted just copy your HOME with

# cp -av /home /mnt/usb

We can then simply restore the backup to a newly created Ubuntu.

This is the recommended way, as in all cases below there is an inherent risk to lose your data if something went wrong on partitioning your drive.

Partition while installing

After we had made a backup of our data we can create new partitions on installing Ubuntu when running GParted on choosing "Try out Ubuntu" prior to the installation. This will give you an option to shrink the existing partition where your HOME resides to give space for an additional partition. On installing by choosing "Someting else" take care to not format the existing partition where your HOME resides for later use.

Move home

Shrinking partitions can only be done when the drive was not mounted. This can not be done from a root shell you had booted from the same drive. You will also need to boot to a live system (see above).

After we had created a new partition we can move the HOME from the command line, which could also be a root shell, as was elaborated here:

Move home folder to second drive

But this may be a rather inconvenient way as compared to just skipping the partitioning of the partition that holds the old HOME.

Re-install without deleting HOME

Of course we can also re-install Ubuntu on the exiting partition without removing data from our previous HOME by choosing "Upgrade Ubuntu xxx to Ubuntu xxx".


Prevent OS from shutting down on low battery

If you don't mind living on the wild side, you can tell Ubuntu to ignore everything and soldier on until the battery literally cannot supply enough juice to keep the lights on. This may have unintended consequences, such as data loss, though. That said, here are two options that you have available:
Option 1 — Lower Your Percentages
You can lower the percentages for when Ubuntu takes an action. The easiest way to do this would be with dconf-editor, as it's visual and saves you from a bunch of copy/paste into a Terminal ... so long as you have the application installed.
If you don't:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install dconf-editor

Then ...

Open dconf-editor:

Press Ctrl+F (or click the magnifying glass) to bring up the search option, then type "power". You are looking for:
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/power

This will give you lots of options to control how Ubuntu responds to various power statuses:

Find percentage-critical and click the row
Toggle the "default value" off and set the "custom value" to any number between the minimum and maximum range ... though the daemon will only respond to values between 0 and 100:

Save the change and go up a level
Find "Use Time for Policy", which will be at the very bottom and toggle the option off:

Save your changes. This will ensure that — in the event the time remaining value is triggered before the percentage — that the system will not prematurely respond to a low battery

For most situations, this should be enough. However, if your battery "lies" about how much power it has remaining, then there's an additional step you can do.

Warning: Doing this can result in data corruption if a write is interrupted by a complete loss of power. I offer no warranty, implied or otherwise, on this action.

Option 2 — Tell the Machine to Stay Awake

Still in dconf-editor, find "critical battery action"
Toggle the default off
Choose your poison:

If you choose nothing, the machine will stay on until the battery is unable to provide enough voltage to the system. This will result in a very ungraceful shutdown.

Hopefully one (or both) of these options will give you some additional runtime.


Cisco Switch Minicom, putty, picocom doesn't work

Problem solved. I followed this guide to solve my problem:
http://blog.xentoo.info/2015/12/31/ubuntu-14-04-and-usb-to-serial-ch341-chinese-device-from-ebay/


NFS lock-up over 1Gb ethernet: Post 14.04.5 to Zyxel NSA325 v2

Thanks to @guiverc for the wsize= tip!

Apparently the Zyxel NSA325 v2 cannot handle NFS write block sizes greater than 32K. Using the wsize=32768 option when mounting the NFS share, the following are able to write multiple GBytes to the NAS over 1Gbps Ethernet at >40MB/s:

Linux Mint 17.3 x64
Ubuntu Gnome 16.04.2 x64
Linux Mint 18.2 x64

The 54Mbps WiFi would not be capable of exceeding the speeds and block sizes on which the NAS chokes. Apparently my Ubuntu Studio 14.04 does not have the Gigabit Ethernet configured to allow large window / block sizes sufficient to flood the NAS as well.

Now, for mapping local UID/GID values to NAS values on NFS mounts...


Is there a way to get a Kindle Fire to work with 12.04?

There is a very handsome utility out into world which helps you to manage your Kindle ebooks and which is also an excellent viewer for it. The application is called "Calibre". There are thousands of websites which link to Calibre but you can see its installation instruction here:
http://blog.sudobits.com/2010/09/05/how-to-install-calibre-on-ubuntu/


For Juju/Openstack, can I deploy the same charm to multiple nodes?

Yes, the best way to do this will be to make your charm a "subordinate" for the applications running on the set of machines for which it is relevant.

A subordinate charm is "coupled" to a normal application charm, and it gets installed everywhere that "normal" application charm is installed. Usually, it's used to connect the app up to some sort of ancillary system, like a monitoring system. Once you have established the subordinate relationship, any time the main application is scaled up to more machines, the subordinate will come along too.

So in your example, you probably have a main application, like the hypervisor controller "nova-compute" in OpenStack, which goes on the machines where your code is relevant. You make your charm a subordinate and then deploy it associated with nova-compute. Now your code is everywhere that nova-compute goes.

There are complications to be aware of. The main application will be installed first and THEN your subordinate, so if you need your code to run first, then you need to do it differently. In that case, make your code a primary application charm and deploy it first. Then manually place the other charm units on the same machines using "juju deploy foo --to X" where X is a machine that already has your app on it. This latter approach is ore fiddly because you need to decide where everything goes, and put it there explicitly.


Ubuntu 12.04: Unity stuck in 2D. Compiz crashes

Did you run the nvidia-xconfig utility after install nvidia driver?
If not, open Terminal and run:

$ sudo nvidia-xconfig --composite

$ sudo nvidia-xconfig --add-argb-glx-visuals

$ sudo nvidia-xconfig --render-accel

After that, restart your computer.
Luck!


DMAR firmware bug. Broken BIOS?

Yes, it is the BIOS that is giving the kernel information that is incorrect (ie. does not follow the specification).
DMAR is mainly used for GPU passthrough to a Windows virtual machine. If you do not use this you can ignore this bug otherwise you will need to look for a BIOS update.

Use 'intremap=no_x2apic_optout' to override the BIOS setting.

Use that and the bug is ignored and no longer shown. Change GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT:
sudo vi /etc/default/grub

add intremap=no_x2apic_optout nox2apic.
Add acpi=off if the system starts complaining about ACPI.

After editting do
sudo update-grub

and reboot.


You should use SMB if you need to differentiate access rights for different users or user groups, and at the same time need to give sudo right at least for some users.

Under NFS, a sudo-capable user can use sudo su to impersonate any other user with the known name, gaining potentially unauthorized access (or, say, write access when only read access should be granted). While the root squash prevents from impersonating the root, it does not prevent from impersonating just another user.

NFS may be easier to setup and its limitations are not always relevant (say if all have read access for all content that is written or updated not via NFS). However as you need to use SMB anyway, it may be simpler to have everything SMB only. This may also help later against the argument to ditch all Linux workstations as "insecure".


Can I disable Chromium's in-browser mp3 player?

This option does not exist, and from what I gather it is intentionally left out and will not be added.

You can alt-click any link to store the file directly, disregarding its type (mp3, avi, pdf, html, ...).

It was of course not confirmed, but supposedly, this is done to keep the user inside the browser and extend the browsers control of the user. Reading the EULA supports this.


Numeric Keypad - switch comma "," to period "." (German keyboard layout)

In Ubuntu 18.04 I couldn't find any appropriate option in "standard" settings (neither in Devices -> Keyboard, nor in Region & Language).

The "clickable" solution I found uses gnome-tweak-tool that I had previously installed for other reasons:
sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

To run the tool hit Win button and type Tweaks.

In the app in Keyboard & Mouse tab click Additional Layout Options and open the Numeric keypad Delete behavior section.
Multiple of the available options there worked for me (I have selected Four-level key with dot as my default).

The nice thing with this solution is that the change is applied instantly as you select the option (no need to click apply or anything). This might be useful if you need to change temporarily to do something and go back to default - just leave the app open do your thing and click back when you are done.


double-click does not open the default program

Uncheck execute permission from .tex file properties, mentioned conversation window won't come again.

You can also change this behaviour globally by opening nautilus (file manager) and go to menu EDIT > PREFERENCES > BEHAVIOUR and under "Executable Text Files" check option "view executable text files when they are opened".


Cannot make Ubuntu install on USB drive bootable on Mac

Actually, it turned out this was the answer I was looking for all along:

https://askubuntu.com/a/946155/13360

It took me a couple of hours to formulate the right thing to search for. But after I tried that, it worked on the first try.

I only had to do the first part, steps 1 to 14. After that, my Mac saw the drive and booted on it.


Unable to export Bookmarks to newer version of Ubuntu

I have just gone into firefox again and my old bookmarks have saved successfully! I have no idea how they have suddenly appeared. Must have previously clicked on the wrong tab on the left side of the library or something. Anyway, it worked so all good.


Can't get Ubuntu to boot from LUKS / LVM group on external drive on iMac with refind

I finally got it working! Thanks largely to this answer for another encryption related question. I didn't end up encrypting my boot partition as I didn't think it was necessary, but there were a few key things I did differently from above. It seems the major issue was that the Ubuntu installer couldn't figure out exactly how my partitions were set up, so it was necessary to chroot into the new linux install, make some changes that indicate what's going on, and then reinstall grub. Here's what I did:

I formatted /dev/sda3 as ext2. (Not sure if that was important.)

When installing, I specified that the bootloader should be installed to /dev/sda not /dev/sda3

I specified /dev/sda1 as EFI Boot Partition

After installation finished successfully, I told it not to reboot, and I did the following in a terminal:
sudo mount /dev/mapper/my_linux_lvm_partition /target
sudo mount /dev/sda3 /target/boot
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /target/boot/efi
sudo mount --bind /dev /target/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /target/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /target/sys
sudo chroot /target

Now that I chroot'ed into my installation, I edited /etc/default/grub and added the line:
GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y

Got the UUID of my various partitions using blkid

Added a line to /etc/crypttab:
my_luks_partition_name UUID=<UUID of /dev/sda4> none luks,discard

sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory /boot/efi --bootloader=ubuntu --boot-directory=/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu --recheck

sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg

sudo update-initramfs -c -k all

I noticed it was important to get the name of the LUKS partition correct, otherwise there would be errors when running update-initramfs.
This took me two whole days of hair pulling frustration to figure out. I only hope that this information will help someone else do it too without nearly so much agony.


After installing Ubuntu 13.10 I get this message "the disk drive for /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 is not ready yet or not present"

This error comes up when your swap partition cannot be mounted for some reason.

To solve the error:

Turns off swap:

sudo swapoff -a

comment existing swap configuration in /etc/crypttab

cryptswap1 /dev/sdXX /dev/urandom swap,cipher=aes-cbc-essiv:sha256

comment existing swap configuration in /etc/fstab

/dev/mapper/cryptswap1 none swap sw 0 0

re-format swap partition with gparted as linux-swap

sudo mkswap /dev/sdXX

mark somewhere the UUID value that the previous command returns

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4208636 KiB
no label, UUID=06a9be15-d05b-466d-bfe3-a086bb9cdba0
update /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume with the new UUID

Check your new UUID

RESUME=UUID=06a9be15-d05b-466d-bfe3-a086bb9cdba0
sudo update-initramfs -u (update initramfs)
sudo swapon /dev/sdXX (enable swap, XX depends on your setup)
sudo ecryptfs-setup-swap (encrypt swap)

source and more information


for i in {1..2} ; do cat *_$i.fastq.gz >>Combined_$i.fastq.gz ; done

This probably won't work well, as concatenated gzip files ; I would imagine you would prefer to use zcat *_$i.fastq.gz >>Combined_$i.fastq & then gzip; or perhaps better, simply scrap the idea of cat & do this:

for i in {1..2} ; do tar -c *_$i.fastq.gz >Combined_$i.fastq.gz.tar; done

per folder - then to recurse the folders, simply enclose the line above in a further loop, and run this from the top-level folder:

for f in *; do
  pushd . ; cd $f
      for i in {1..2} ; do tar -c *_$i.fastq.gz >Combined_$i.fastq.gz.tar; done
  popd
done

So here, the loop index $f picks every folder; saves your place; cd's to the folder; executes the loop; returns to original directory & loops again.

The pushd / popd are there to ensure an error doesn't have you roaming the filesystem! Not strictly neccesary, but useful to learn.


Go to Menu > Preferences > Default Applications for LXSessions. Select "Autostart" and put this command line in "Manual autostarted applications"

xrandr --output Virtual1 --mode 1680x1050

Virtual1 = output name in monitor config.

Example:


Windows doesn't see gparted partition done

I have done it by tweaking a bit, forgot the disable the fastboot of windows 10 lastly, for those who wanna know it keeps the drives mounted in order to boot faster, and bamm, it's done. Tried both diskmgmt and gparted and works well. Finally i can experience true open source after quitting gaming :D


Unable to mount windows partition to ubuntu livecd

You have to mount each device partition in different mountpoints i.e:

sudo mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb5 /mnt

sudo mount /dev/sdc1 /media/pendrive

Check what device is your USB, it can't be the same as your disk (/dev/sdb), it shoud be for example /dev/sdc.
Note the 1 in /dev/sdc1, you have to mount the partition of the device.
Then you can access your windows files in the directory /mnt, and copy them to /media/pendrive.


At this point I have tried some more testing and concluded that the issue is caused by an issue with the provider. The storage I/O is not preforming properly. Less than 30 MB/s.

The provider has been notified.


Steps to install Ubuntu without shutting down winxp

No. You have to change the boot priority.

Alternatives (both will -not- get you to a dual boot but to an installation inside Windows XP)

virtualbox
WUBI. Installer for WUBI is on the installation media

Also possible: insert an empty unformatted hard disc into your system. If there is no operating system it could (some bios do) automatically ask for a DVD to boot from.

It is probably not possible to remove the active operating system.


Updating QEMU to its recent version will not break your Ubuntu installation. One of the users had already tried that and posted the result on his blog. Here is the link, alinush.org.

The current QEMU installation is with version 1.2.

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/qemu-kvm


Choose the partition on your hard drive where you want to copy your Ubuntu partition.  If you don't have a partition, the use Gparted to create one.

You might best consider reserving two partitions.  One for the Ubuntu OS and one for swap.  Specify as type ext4 for the Ubuntu partition.  Specify as type swap for the swap partition.  I would make the one for Ubuntu sufficient large.  The swap partition should be about 1 1/2 times the size of the amount of ram you have in the computer.

Use this command to copy the Ubuntu partition from the USB to the hard drive.  In this example I'll use /dev/sdb2 for the hard drive I'm using /dev/sda3.  The dd command is a critical and non-forgiving operation, so you have to be very careful when using it.  Writing to the wrong partition can cause all data to be removed from that partition.

$ sudo dd if=/dev/sdb2 of=/dev/sda3 bs=32M status=progress

The parameters are:

if= Read from this device (in your case it should be the USB Ubuntu partition)
of= Write to this device (in your case it should be the destination partition on your hard drive)
status= Display progress

Once you have the OS partition copied, install the Grub boot manager on your Hard Drive.  While there are many ways to do it.  I find the manual steps in this link fairly seamless:

Manually adding or fixing Grub

It works both with UEFI and bio boot.

Note:

The Destination partition must be equal or larger than the source when cloning the partition.  Use Gparted to resize the new copied partition to match the size difference so that you will have full use of the space you allocated for Ubuntu.


Can I use conda and pip3 interchangeably to install Python packages?

It really depends upon your familiarity with pip and conda and how package installation interacts between the two methods. If you are a relative new user of conda and python, I would recommend using only conda to install your packages. YMMV depending upon your experience with both.
See the following two documents that explain the relationship between conda and pip in more detail:
Using pip in a conda environment & Understanding Conda and Pip
From the first article:

Running conda after pip has the potential to overwrite and potentially break packages installed via pip. Similarly, pip may upgrade or remove a package which a conda-installed package requires. In some cases these breakages are cosmetic, where a few files are present that should have been removed, but in other cases the environment may evolve into an unusable state.
There are a few steps which can be used to avoid broken environments when using conda and pip together. One surefire method is to only use conda packages.

conda install <package_name> will be constrained to your use within conda environment. If you delete your conda installation, those packages will be removed as well.
Generally, conda will modify your $PATH so that this isolates the package installation from your system somewhat.
When you use pip3 install <package_name>, you are potentially affecting your system Python installation. Especially if you use sudo or sudo -H to install the Python package.
I am not certain if it is a best practice; but, when I am using pip3, I generally use the command syntax of pip3 install --user <package_name> which will "Install to the Python user install directory for your platform. Typically in the ~/.local/ directory."
Again, I try to take some precaution to isolate my package changes from the system's Python installation.
I consider it a matter of personal preference as to which method conda vs. pip3 is "best".