Removing app folders manually to uninstall a package

Here's some information from man dpkg, which explains what dpkg -r and dpkg -P do. Removing a package with APT commands or synaptic involves the same procedures; as far as I know high-level package management utilities like APT and synaptic simply call DPKG as a subprocess to remove or install files. Their function is to calculate and resolve dependencies and provide an improved UI.

-r, --remove package...|-a|--pending
          Remove  an  installed  package. This removes everything except conffiles,
          which may avoid having to reconfigure the package if it is reinstalled
          later (conffiles are configuration files that are listed in the
          DEBIAN/conffiles control file)[...]
       Removing of a package consists of the following steps:
          1. Run prerm script
          2. Remove the installed files
          3. Run postrm script

-P, --purge package...|-a|--pending
          Purge an installed or already removed package. This removes everything,
          including conffiles. [...]

          Note: some configuration files might be unknown to dpkg because
          they are created and handled separately through the  configuration
          scripts. In that case, dpkg won't remove them by itself, but the
          package's postrm script (which is called by dpkg), has to take care
          of their removal during purge. Of course, this only applies to files
          in system directories, not configuration files written to individual
          users' home directories.
     Purging of a package consists of the following steps:
          1. Remove the package, if not already removed.
          2. Run postrm script.

As you can see, these commands delete all of the application's files with the exception of configuration files. Even -P / --purge may not always remove local configuration files from users' home directories in some cases, so these files may need to be deleted by hand if they are no longer needed. When you mention application directories remaining after uninstallation, you are most likely talking about a local config directory.*

In my answer to a somewhat related question I discussed how APT, DPKG and other package managers installed on an Ubuntu system store information about the files provided by a package in a human-readable form.

That answer also tries to explain why using a package manager to handle package management is substantially easier than trying to do so by hand; in a typical Linux filesystem, files provided by applications are scattered all over the place. While this might seem confusing, there's a great security advantage to application files being in system directories owned by root that users cannot write to. Besides, if we do need to find out where files related to a package are, we can use various command line utilities to find them.

You wanted to know whether deleting all of the files of an application to uninstall it is a bad idea and if so why. My answer to this question is YES, in general it's a very bad idea, because deleting the installed files is only part of the work done by package management when you call it to perform an uninstallation. The DPKG database stores information on which packages are installed and installable, and all the relationships of dependency between them. If package files are removed without the database being updated, then dependency resolution won't be done, software that depends on silently missing software will fail to run, packages will be broken, the cleanup done by prerm and postrm scripts dpkg calls for each package it removes will not be done, potentially leaving broken symlinks and incorrect config files lying around, and everything will be horrible.

TL;DR
Package managers exist for good reasons. Use them where possible rather than trying to do-it-yourself.

*However, sometimes software may be installed (and have a single directory) without DPKG knowing anything about it. For example, you may download a 3rd party application, extract the archive and run the executable file. To "uninstall" this software, you can simply delete the extracted files. Another example is installation using sudo make install after compilation from source, which leaves the source directory behind. Uninstalling such software can be a headache if the developers have not configured things so as to enable sudo make uninstall or not included a file manifest! A way around this is to create a deb package after make, which can be done with checkinstall.


Monitor and Ubuntu screen resolution don't match

i mabey think the answer you are looking for are bumblebee for your GFX card.
i am not sure but i think it is.

http://bumblebee-project.org/

But give it a try ;)


Is there an alternative to Adobe AfterEffects?

There is lots of high end (and sometimes quite expensive) video software for linux.

There is a wikipedia page that has a list of available software (both commercial & open source) for multiple operating systems.

One interesting software project which is not on that list yet is Ramen that is designed for 64 bits Linux operating systems.


SSD features (rotational/discard) not detected properly via USB

I have now stumbled upon this thread, where they explain that this happens because the USB-SATA controller does not support this. It seems that you have to get special SATA enclosures for SSDs.

Trim and SSD with usb 3.0 enclosure does not work - UASP not supported?


Do this from a live session:

Remove the entry in your fstab file (beware, in the live session this is not /etc/fstab, but the file fstab in the folder etc on the partition where your installed system resides), so your separate home partition will not anymore be mounted to /home.
Create a new home folder for your user in the folder /home, and change the owner and group to the user.

After reboot and when you log in, this new home folder will be initialized.


How install Ubuntu on Dell 3521 Laptop with new blank disk

As for #1 of your question, I just looked at the specs online and you should be able to use the latest version of Ubuntu (16.04 LTS) with ease.

For #2 of you questions I want to simply point you to the right direction for more information. This you will find here.

As far of the format for the HDD, leave it blank, the installer will handle that for you, just make sure to disable fast boot and secure boot as its known to cause troubles along the way.


Want to make txt files for every png in the folder

You can remove the existing extension using the shell's parameter expansion features

  ${parameter%pattern} The 'pattern' is matched against the end of
  'parameter'. The result is the expanded value of 'parameter' with the
  shortest match deleted.

So in your case, replace $filePng.txt with "${filePng%.png}.txt"


Wubi does not work. Boot into your DVD and install that way. If you have no spare space on HDD,you may resize current partition with GParted or from Windows - System Settings - Administration


The command to show your texlive version is

tex --version


first you will have to make the make file from makefile.am.For this

Make sure you have autoconf,  libglib2.0-dev(for AM_GLIB_GNU_GETTEXT   macro), gtk-doc-tools installed
sudo apt-get install autoconf  libglib2.0-dev gtk-doc-tools
goto the /vte-ng-0.42.4.a
run command autoreconf
run command automake --add-missing if you get any error
Then run ./configure
then you sould have a normal makefile so run make
run sudo make install
It should be installed


Small cursor when hovering Unity interface on HiDPI display

For Ubuntu 14.04 & 15.04 (not working in 15.10)
It in fact is a bug in Unity.

On a high DPI screen (220 DPI) the mouse cursor is really tiny when hovering unity elements. There are various keys in dconf to change the cursor's scale factor or size. I've managed to change it in a way that it looks normal when inside application windows, but its still tiny when on unity elements. (exerpt from Lauchpad)

Until an update fixes the problem, you can use this workaround :
sudo nano /etc/X11/Xresources/x11-common

Add the following line to the end of the file:
Xcursor*size: 48

Then save your changes. Close and re-open your sessions and your are done.
Alternatively, this could be solved by exporting:
export XCURSOR_SIZE=48

somewhere in unity startup code.


display xubuntu desktop on android tablet

You need a VNC viewer for Android. There's a bunch of free ones in the Android store.

You shouldn't need to setup SSH tunneling.


How to make Curl and PHP available when installed from Xampp

What it means is that you don't have curl installed and you need to install curl to use it. This can be done by going to a terminal CTRL + ALT + T then entering sudo apt-get install curl libcurl3 libcurl3-dev php5-curl. This will install curl, php and the necessary libraries to provide you with the functionality that you need.

After the installation has completed, restart the server with sudo service apache2 restart


login loop after upgrading to 4.4.0-116 kernel: graphical login screen -> black screen -> graphical login screen

The issue is with gcc version that doesn't support retpoline (What is a retpoline and how does it work?). See Ubuntu bug: 4.4.0-116 Kernel update on 2/21 breaks Nvidia drivers (on 14.04 and 16.04).

In my case, purging ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test to install the default gcc version and rebuilding with DKMS the nvidia module (by reinstalling 4.4.0-116 kernel) fixes the problem. See instructions posted by @cjjefcoat on the bug tracker.

Restore default gcc by purging ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test's version:

$ sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
$ sudo ppa-purge ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test

gcc version (on Ubuntu 16.04) with retpoline support:

$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.9) 5.4.0 20160609

Reinstall kernel:

$ sudo apt-get purge linux-headers-4.4.0-116 linux-headers-4.4.0-116-generic linux-image-4.4.0-116-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-116-generic linux-signed-image-4.4.0-116-generic
$ sudo apt-get install linux-generic linux-signed-generic

Check nvidia module:

$ modinfo nvidia_xxx -k 4.4.0-116-generic | grep vermagic
vermagic:       4.4.0-116-generic SMP mod_unload modversions retpoline

replace _xxx with your version -- just press TAB after modinfo nvidia

retpoline should be in the output.

After that reboot completed successfully.

If you have compatible gcc version already, you could rebuild nvidia module using dkms command without reinstalling the kernel:

# dkms remove nvidia-xxx/yyy.zzz -k 4.4.0-116-generic
# dkms install nvidia-xxx/yyy.zzz -k 4.4.0-116-generic

I've decided to reinstall the kernel instead to update all modules that were re-built with DKMS using a wrong gcc version.


From : https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RealTime , [...]The -preempt and -rt kernels are no longer being developed due to lack of support[...]

I've come across some posts on Ubuntu forums (dated 2008), that mentioned the packages for a rtlinux were on the repos however i have looked them for you and they are no longer available. Seems like the last version that had them on the repos was 10.04.

For installation on 10.04:

On Synaptic search for "rt Linux" then pick the following package

linux-r

It will install the following packages:

linux-image-rt
linux-headers-rt
linux-rt
linux-image-2.6.31-10-rt
linux-rt-headers-2.6.31-10
linux-headers-2.6.31-10-rt

Then just restart, on GRUB pick  kernel 2.6.31-10-rt and you're done.


Freeze at install grub2 for installing ubuntu on Acer Travelmate Spin B1

Create a Windows USB Boot stick with Rufus in UEFI Mode (GPT)
Install Windows with this stick
During installation remove all existing partitions and let Windows create the new ones
Start Windows and udpate the  BIOS to 1.10
Create a Ubuntu Live USB Stick with Rufus in UEFI Mode (GPT)
Install Ubuntu from this stick


How to get mic sensitivity slider to show in volume menu?

Make sure your mic is properly plugged in. My understanding is that the slider will automatically appear once a mic is plugged in.


This behaviour is created by the lines

smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject

and

mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128

Don't (repeat don't) just remove reject!

I advise against running any publicly accessible mail server unless you are already experienced with managing those beasts. Run it within your network, use a small virtualization structure to get a feeling for the pitfalls and read.

One good source for instance is the Ubuntu Server Guide


How can I play DirectX 10 games with an HD6450 video card?

AMD's 32-bit Ubuntu drivers are found here and 64-bit Ubuntu drivers are found here.  Sadly, AMD has not kept up with the times and those are v14 drivers, last updated four (4) years ago, for an eight year old card design.

Therefore, I would recommend making sure the old AMD drivers are removed, and using the CAICOS version of the Open Source drivers.


How do I configure a joystick in Ubuntu 16.04?

The following worked for me :

modprobe -r xpad
modprobe xpad


Update

VSCode is now available as DEB file. You can download it and then run:

sudo dpkg -i ~/path/to/code_1.XXX.deb

In case dpkg complains about missing dependencies, run:

sudo apt -f install

afterwards to fix the problem.

Old answer

Download Visual Studio Code for Linux
Extract it: unzip VSCode-linux-x64.zip -d ~/path/to/VSCode
Run the code executable to open Visual Studio Code
(Optional) Create a symbolic link to conveniently run code from the terminal:
sudo ln -s /path/to/VSCode/code /usr/local/bin/code

Source (install instructions): https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/setup/linux


I think you can try deleting/moving/renaming the fogger-lens file, but be sure to make a backup. Then log out and log back in.

The fogger-lens file can be found here: /opt/extras.ubuntu.com/fogger/bin/.


Gparted resize failed, can't restore superblock

The next step is to restore from backup; your data is toast.

If you don't have backups ( and this will be a hard lesson if you don't ) then you can pray, and try using photorec from the testdisk package.  You will need to boot from a livecd and have another disk to store any files it recovers on, then you will have to sort through and try to figure out what they are because the names will be unrecognizable.


How can I prepend filenames with ascending numbers like 1_ 2_?

One of the solutions:

cd <your dir> then run in bash (copy and paste in command-line):

n=1; for f in *; do mv "$f" "$((n++))_$f"; done

Bash script case:

#!/bin/bash
n=1
for f in *
do
  if [ "$f" = "rename.sh" ]
  then
    continue
  fi
  mv "$f" "$((n++))_$f"
done

save it as rename.sh to dir with files to rename, chmod +x rename.sh then run it ./rename.sh


Missing Digikam geotagging on Kubuntu 15.10

Yes, I've had the same problem, it is missing in this version 4.12 of digiKam.
You have to upgrade DigiKam, this is a good solution in my case:
http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2015/08/install-latest-digikam-4-12-ubuntu/


Figured it out.  I tried apt-get install nvidia-current and it never worked, then I realized I had to type sudo apt-get install nvidia-current.

That worked and all is good now.


how do i deploy to other severs with juju

AFAIK, there is no support for the placement directives (--to) in the juju gui at this stage.

You need to install a juju gui for each environment that you are wanting to deploy services to. So if you are managing two environments, one on MAAS, and another on OpenStack say, you'd need to install the juju-gui on both.


Issue installing Linux dual boot Legion 5 15IMH05H

In my opinion, you can install ubuntu with previous versions, example: Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. Then install as usual. We don't need to turn off Intel RST. After you have finish to install. Using terminal to upgrade your ubuntu from Ubuntu 18.04 LTS to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.
FYI when we install previous ubuntu version, ubuntu doesn't require to turn off Intel RST.
Best Regards
Giri


multiple email accounts (hotmail, yahoo) and facebook handled together

Thuderbird 13, now in Alfa, supports Facebook messaging, but no Wall or other advanced features. All versions of Thuderbird support Hotmail or Yahoo.

There is a small article about it in OMG!Ubuntu.

You can install it from the mozilla-daily ppa:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-mozilla-daily/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install thunderbird-trunk

But note that this can also upgrade your firefox and that they are daily builds and can be very unstable. Do not install them on production mahines.


Solved.
I used Ubuntu 14.04.1 for a while with the fglrx drivers, and decided to give it the latest kernel a try (4.10 RC5 atm) and it worked flawlessly (obviously I purged/removed fglrx previously).
So I went ahead and installed 16.04.1 again and installed the 4.10 RC5 kernel and it has been working for a day without blank screens. The only issue is the BCM43142 (WiFi driver) that fails to compile, but I got that covered with a USB WLAN adapter.


One uses the "file system type" none for bind and move mounts.

That means, whenever we are not mounting a new file system but simply "move" or "copy" an already mounted file system mount point.

A bind mount just adds another location (mount point) through which we can access an already existing place from our file system. This can be an already mounted partition/device or any directory inside one. The move mount is similar but replaces one mount point with another instead of just adding a new one.

And as such "bind mounts" and "move mounts" do not need to take care of the underlying file systems because they are already mounted, we specify none as file system type in /etc/fstab.


DNS resolution broke after upgrading to 18.04, resolvconf broken or not fully installed

If someone encounters a similar issue, here's how i fixed it

download resolvconf.deb manually from official Ubuntu source: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/r/resolvconf/resolvconf_1.79ubuntu10_all.deb

transfer to Ubuntu PC using USB

sudo apt purge resolvconf
sudo apt install ./resolvconf_1.79ubuntu10_all.deb
sudo dpkg --reconfigure resolvconf
reboot

and then it should be fixed


How to escape non-escaped characters with sed?

Why your command fails:

You did:

sed 's/\([^\\]\)&/\1\\&/g' <<< "${text}"

[^\\]\ matches any character except \, and put that in matched group 1, then & matches a literal &. So for one&two\&three, this will match e before first &, put that in captured group 1. For the & before three this won't be matched as \ is before &
In the replacement you have used \1\\&, so the output becomes one\e&two\&three because:

\1 is replaced by e
then two \\s is treated as single \. that gives us e\ till now
then & will match the full match i.e. e& i.e. & will not be escaped as you were thinking

So, the matched portion i.e. e& is replaced with e\e&

You would get the desired result, if you were using another \ before & (As two \\ make one \, so you need one before & too:

sed 's/\([^\\]\)&/\1\\\&/g' <<<"${text}"

As Ubuntu's sed supports ERE (Extended Regular Expression), you can use the -E or -r option to enable that to get rid of the ()s while capturing:

sed -E 's/([^\\])&/\1\\\&/g' <<<"${text}"

Alternate approach:

First, removing \s before all &s, and then adding \ before all &:

sed -E 's/[\]+(&)/\1/g; s/&/\\&/g'

This is composed of two sed statements:

s/[\]+(&)/\1/g removes all \s before & in the string (line)
s/&/\\&/g adds a \ too all & in the string (line)

Example:

% text='one&two\&three'

% sed 's/\([^\\]\)&/\1\\\&/g' <<< "${text}"
one\&two\&three

% sed -E 's/([^\\])&/\1\\\&/g' <<< "${text}"
one\&two\&three

% sed -E 's/[\]+(&)/\1/g; s/&/\\&/g' <<<"$text"
one\&two\&three


Well, window button icons are defined through PNGs in unity and metacity-1 folders in every theme, so replacing those PNGs easily results in changing the icons. If you are interested, I'll share my experience here.

You can find the default ones for Ambiance theme here:

/usr/share/themes/Ambiance/unity/
/usr/share/themes/Ambiance/metacity-1/

Since there are different modes for a window button, such as prelight, pressed, focused, you should have different shades for a single button; for example there are 7 PNGs in unity folder for different modes of minimize button. So I used GIMP to edit the default icons and make a new ones with a ‹ – Single Left-Pointing Angle Quotation Mark – and here's the result: .

Now, if you want to change the minimize button to a single left-pointing arrow like this, download the PNGs created for Ambiance and Radiance themes here. Then extract the file and follow the procedure in Read Me file. I'm going to repeat it here:
Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and run these two commands (let assume that the extracted file is in Downloads directory):

cd Downloads/minimize-button

sudo cp -r Ambiance Radiance /usr/share/themes

(edit) If you don't want to change system files, or you are a user in a shared desktop and thus can't/don't want affect other users, you can download this file instead. After you will extract the file, put two folders Ambiance and Radiance (or each you want) under the path:

~/.themes/

– if it doesn't exist, simply create it ("~" stands for your home folder as you may know).

This alternative doesn't need a root access.

SVG’s for Unity 7 (14.04)

Supporting displays with higher resolutions, Unity 7 have SVG’s for window buttons. This file includes SVG’s of arrow minimize buttons for both Ambiance and Radiance. It includes buttons for Dash window too.


The multiple quote from the echo ' is complicating the thing.

You can just use:

for f in *; do stat -- "$f"; done

But also

stat -- *

...and if you want to collect the files and then apply the command (why?) you can go with (but be careful with file containing new lines...(1))

for f in *; do echo "$f"; done | xargs stat --

...and if you want hidden files too, just use * .* as a pattern, but then remember that . and .. will be in the set.

As an aside, you shouldn't parse ls output.

(1) but if you have file names with newlines, you somewhat deserve it... ;-)


What are "opt-in flavors" during development cycle?

Ubuntu has many derivatives, or 'flavors'.

Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu are some of them. Each of these are maintained independently, by their communities. These variants have the freedom to participate in these alpha and beta releases, or have their own schedules, or skip some of them.

Usually, ubuntu as a project cares about only the officially recognized derivatives. Being an unofficial derivative means that it doesn't get access to some perks. For example, unofficial derivatives are off-topic on Ask Ubuntu.

To know if a project opted in, you need to check with the project itself.


Massively broken boot and partition system

You've hosed your system; I hope you have backups. If not, I have some recovery suggestions later. First, though, I want to point out your mistakes so you don't repeat them....

  My 14.04 was complaining of 0 bytes on /boot, so I went in and done a sudo apt-get remove linux-headers-3.2.0.2* since there was already a linux-headers-3.2.0.30 available (I wanted to remove all but current to free up that space and stop the system complaining). I've since found out this is a terrible idea.

The linux-headers package (actually, linux-headers-3.13.0-45-generic or something similar) doesn't contain files in /boot; it holds header files used by programmers to write programs that interact with the kernel. Most of its files go in the /usr/src directory tree. An ordinary user might not need them, although they're probably pulled in by dependencies. The point is that deleting linux-headers was probably harmless and would not have helped you recover space in /boot.

The kernel itself comes from a package called linux-image, not linux-headers. If you removed that package (including all versions of it; you might have two or more kernels installed at once), then the computer would stop booting. I don't know offhand if Boot Repair would be able to fix this. Re-installing GRUB would be useless. You'd need to boot an emergency system and re-install the linux-image package. You might also need to reconfigure (but not re-install) GRUB.

  since my ext4 is an LVM and I hadn't run the Live Disc in UEFI mode, the Boot Repair program asked me to add a bios_grub flag to the /dev/sda3, which I did (which removed the LVM flag).

This is your first very serious mistake. The "bios_grub flag" is a partition type code that tells GRUB it may use the partition to store part of itself, without going through any filesystem or LVM on the partition. Thus, once you made this change and re-installed GRUB, GRUB overwrote the first few sectors of your LVM. Most of the LVM's data were still intact, and it's conceivable you could have recovered at this point, although it might have been tough. But then....

  I reset the flag to LVM and reset the filesystem to ext4 using mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3.

If letting GRUB write itself to the first sectors of the LVM partition was throwing the data in the trash, this action was the sanitation workers hauling your trash away. The mkfs utility (and all its "helpers," like mkfs.ext4) does not simply tell Linux what the filesystem type is, as you seem to think; it writes new low-level filesystem data to the disk. This is sort of like painting over a sheet of paper so you can re-use it.

Your best chance of recovery at this point is if you've got good backups. If so, I recommend you re-install Ubuntu from scratch and restore your personal data from the backups.

If you don't have backups, there's still a chance you can recover something, but it will be difficult -- sort of like going to the city dump and sifting through the trash to find your stuff. The procedure is:

Do a low-level backup of the disk, as in sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/path/to/lots/of/disk/space/sda-backup.img. You'll need a second disk that's larger than the original, available at /path/to/lots/of/disk/space, in which to store the backup. The point of this is to have a recovery option in case you make more mistakes, which are very likely at this point -- some of the following actions could make matters worse, and there's no way around that.
Use gdisk to delete the partitions on the original disk.
Use TestDisk to try to locate your original ext4 filesystem and build a new partition around it. Note that, AFAIK, TestDisk doesn't know about LVM, but there's a good chance that it can create a "raw" (non-LVM) partition around the filesystem, provided you didn't grow your filesystem after creating it. Note that TestDisk will probably discover the filesystem you created that overwrote the original, but because you used LVM originally, the new filesystem didn't begin at the same point as the original, and the critical data structures will be offset compared to one another, so TestDisk might be able to find enough of the original filesystem to access it.
If TestDisk was successful, run fsck on the resulting partition. Chances are it will encounter errors and you'll have to help it recover. Many files will be damaged. I'd be shocked if you could boot from that OS, but it might be intact enough to recover at least some of your personal files.
If TestDisk was unsuccessful, use PhotoRec to try to recover individual files. This will be a painful process, since you'll need to review every file to figure out what it is.

It's possible that TestDisk or fsck will actually do further damage. If you suspect this has happened, you can restore your backup.

Best of luck with your recovery. When you're done, use the new disk you've bought to back up your system regularly.


Error message when launching command line and unable to update or install

From the command line I typed:

gedit ~/.bashrc

The gedit ~/.bashrc will open.

It Looks like this bellow:

PATH=/opt/android-sdk-linux/tools:/opt/android-sdk-linux/platform-tools:$PATH # ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
#see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples
# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.

#shopt -s globstar
# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    `xterm-color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
    # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
    # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
    # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
        color_prompt=yes
    else
        color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m
\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt
# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'
    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'
# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).

if ! shopt -oq posix; then
  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
  fi
fi

I edited the first line by deleting this:

PATH=/opt/android-sdk-linux/tools:/opt/android-sdk-linux/platform-tools:$PATH

This is what you should have:

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
#see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples
# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar
# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)

case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
   # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
   # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
   # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
        color_prompt=yes
    else
        color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m
\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi

unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'
    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'
# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'
# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
  fi
fi

Then I saved the file and exited.
And then I relaunched my terminal.


How to split a file up into many smaller files and then reconstruct them?

Check out the suggested answers before posting.
The first suggested answer is this one:
Split a large file into smaller files and then integrate them to get the original file

And here the commands

split -b 20M -d bigfile bigfile-part
cat bigfile-part* > bigfile

Edit:

... and for the hashsum part, you can generate a SHA512 checksum file from the original ("big") file:

sha512sum bigfile > sha512.txt

After putting all the small parts together again, check again with the new file, and compare the values.


Brother MFC-7420 Scanner on Ubuntu 12.04: Invalid Argument

I had the same problem and fixed it by editing /lib/udev/rules.d/40-libsane.rules.

I uncommented the line:

ENV{DEVTYPE}=="usb_device", MODE="0664", OWNER="root", GROUP="root"

Then edited it to be:

ENV{DEVTYPE}=="usb_device", MODE="0664", OWNER="root", GROUP="saned"

After that I added my user to the saned group. It all works now.

The problem is that it wants to run as root till you do this.


how to uninstall ubuntu 14.04 from a vm already having ubuntu server 16.04 OS

To remove a Ubuntu 14.04 from virtualbox:

Launch the Virtualbox application

Select the Ubuntu OS in virtualbox and do two things to remove it:

a. Right click and select remove

b. Select machine from virtualbox menu and select remove:

Delete all files to remove it completely:

I hope this is what you are looking for.


Do I need Drivers?

To run hardware you need drivers.

  If yes where do I get drivers from?

The installer will pick all the drivers it can pick that your hardware supplies. So as long as the hardware is supported you yourself do not need to worry about drivers. Contrary to Windows Linux uses generic drivers; so we have 1 driver to rule lots of similar hardware (1 for NICs, 1 for nVidia, 1 for AMD, 1 for USB etc etc).

There might be 3rd party drivers but that is no need to install those. The 2 that are added to addition drivers are for videocards and some networdcards (from Broadcom). You can add those by search for "additional drivers" in dash.


Ubuntu 19.10, dual monitor: GNOME Activities overview messed up

I was able to fix this by configuring this setting:

gsettings set org.gnome.mutter workspaces-only-on-primary true

I also installed dash-to-dock gnome extension, but I'm unsure if that helped.

Here are some screenshots of it fixed.
no windows:

extra windows:


You should not enable the root user on ubuntu, use sudo instead.
If you boot into ubuntu, and get to the spinning ubuntu startup screen, press esc
to see the bootmessages. what are those saying?
Also what instructions did you follow to install sublime text editor? It seems really strange that you are required to use the root user for this.
look at these instructions for installing sublime: How do I install Sublime Text 2/3?
I also believe Seatdefaults should be SetDefaults, maybe it would help removing that file and reconfiguring lightdm?
If you're stuck at the spinny logo, try ctrl+alt+f1 to open a terminal and type:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

don't log in as root to do this, but as your own useraccount.
for more info on lightdm, read this wiki:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LightDM


I fixed the bug with my Ubuntu 20.04 and Nvidia RTX 2080 as follows:

Do not check the box the automatic loggon during installation.
First start Ubuntu with your password
Move on Parameter, users, and check the box for the automatic login (after unlocking).
Reboot Ubuntu.
In GRUB, select advanced options for Ubuntu, then recovery mode.
Select the 'root' mode.
Write: sudo nano /etc/default/grub
Replace GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAUT="quiet splash" with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAUT="quiet" (i.e. delete splash).
CTRL+X then Y then ENTER
Write, sudo update-grub
Write either reboot or exit then resume

It works for me for starting Ubuntu 20.04 without my password.

Good luck, my opinion is this 20.04 is not suitable for a novice, few months should be waited before installation (especially if you use a nas at home, there also is a serious bug with samba client used by nautilus).


If I remember well, Mythbuntu uses GNOME desktop. You can install gnome-tweak-tool from repo which enables you to scale text. May be useful for you, I use it to scale down text on netbook.

Be aware: in Chrome/Chromium it works on bars, but NOT content.


How do I fix this PulseAudio server crash without rebooting?

Pulseaudio will run on a per-user basis in a default setup. Therefore we do not need root permissions to kill it.

The command to restart/reset a running pulseaudio sound server from a terminal is simply issueing

pulseaudio -k

By doing to the sound server will autospawn and restart immediately in a default setting. You will always get an error if you try to run pulseaudio twice.

To run pulseaudio from command line to read possible errors you will have do temporarily disable the autospawning (see this article for details on how to do this).

Sometimes bad user setting are responsible for a malfunctioning pulseaudio sound server. We may then try to rename the settings directory ~/.pulse (or ./config/pulse in newer releases) before we restart pulseaudio. This directory will then be recreated with default settings.


Correct way to install python 2.7 on Ubuntu 17.10?

To install Python 2.7 you simply need to do the following in Ubuntu 17.10 in a terminal (they work beautifully side by side out of the box):

# refreshing the repositories
sudo apt update
# its wise to keep the system up to date!
# you can skip the following line if you not
# want to update all your software
sudo apt upgrade
# installing python 2.7 and pip for it
sudo apt install python2.7 python-pip
# installing python-pip for 3.6
sudo apt install python3-pip

  NOTE: Do not try to remove python 3.6 as it will screw up your system

You can call python pip the following way:

# for python 2.7
pip2 install <package>
# for python 3.6
pip install <package>

Using pip without a number would install python 3.6 packages.


sudo apt update error: No module named JSON

Looks like a badly built package (assuming that json is installed on the user's system when it is actually outside the standard library).
You can use pip to globally install json: just write pip install json. You may need to install pip separately.


Virtualize Ubuntu server 12.0.4 into 3 different containers

LXC Web Panel

  sudo apt-get install lxc debootstrap bridge-utils -y
  sudo su
  wget http://lxc-webpanel.github.com/tools/install.sh -O - | bash

Overview

Containers Overview

Manage Containers

LXC Settings

Manage Users

If you want command line take a look at LXC Containers & Bridge Connection


If your computer has a discrete graphics card in addition to the VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device integrated graphics processor sudo lspci -v would show all graphics processors in your computer, but sudo lspci -v -s 00:02.0 might not show it. In order to show all the proprietary drivers that are available to be installed from the default Ubuntu repositories and are compatible with your hardware, open the terminal and type:

ubuntu-drivers devices

Wait at least one minute for the command to scan your computer and generate the list of drivers. The output of this command will be a list of the package names and short descriptions of the available drivers. In addition to showing a list of the available drivers, the above command will often also identify the recommended proprietary driver(s) for your system.


You can access your server by the VNC protocol. Immediate access by RDP in a manner like you access windows desktops from windows desktops is not possible.

Share your desktop

In the Dash, open Desktop Sharing.

To let others view your desktop, select Allow other users to view your desktop. This means that other people will be able to attempt to connect to your computer and view what's on your screen.

To let others interact with your desktop, select Allow other users to control your desktop. This may allow the other person to move your mouse, run applications, and browse files on your computer, depending on the security settings which you are currently using.

Security

It is important that you consider the full extent of what each security option means before changing it.

Confirm access to your machine

If you want to be able to choose whether to allow someone to access your desktop, select You must confirm each access to this machine. If you disable this option, you will not be asked whether you want to allow someone to connect to your computer.

Enable password

To require other people to use a password when connecting to your desktop, select Require the user to enter this password. If you do not use this option, anyone can attempt to view your desktop.

This option is disabled by default, but you should enable it and set a secure password.

Allow access to your desktop over the Internet

If your router supports UPnP Internet Gateway Device Protocol and it is enabled, you can allow other people who are not on your local network to view your desktop. To allow this, select Automatically configure UPnP router to open and forward ports. Alternatively, you can configure your router manually.

Problems with encryption

When you try to view your desktop from Windows with i.e. TightVNC you may get failure messages about there is no supported encryption available. You may deactivate encryption on your server by:

Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and type:

gsettings set org.gnome.Vino require-encryption false

Then hit Enter.

This will disable the requirement of an encrypted connection.


What can I do to fix this?

I am not sure what you were expecting, but that is not code. It is timezone data.

~> file /etc/localtime
/etc/localtime: symbolic link to /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Rome
andrea@farore ~> file /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Rome
/usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Rome: symbolic link to San_Marino
andrea@farore ~> file /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/San_Marino
/usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/San_Marino: timezone data, version 2, 7 gmt time flags, 7 std time flags, no leap seconds, 171 transition times, 7 abbreviation chars

If you want to change the timezone of your computer without using the nifty GUI that Ubuntu provides for this purpose, you can always overwrite the link. For example:

sudo ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Madrid /etc/localtime


Disable logout confirmation dialogue box in 16.04

Looks like you forgot to switch to the lightdm user before running dconf-editor:

sudo -i
xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm
su lightdm -s /bin/bash
dconf-editor


File / Folder navigation problem with the 'cd' command

When you navigate through directories, if you start with / the command cd interprets that it's an absolute path:

$ cd /directory

means (root)/directory, not /home/user/directory.

~ is an alias for /home/user

If you are in your home directory, and type $ cd directory (note there is no /), cd interprets as a relative directory, meaning reltive to your current directory.


Why are apt-get repositories hardcoded to a specific release?

I do not understand why on each release upgrade you have to manually
  patch all the URLs of apt in order to make them point to the newer
  distribution.

You do not have to do this. (Not typically, anyway.) Actually, in Ubuntu, manually changing release names in sources.list is not a supported way to upgrade, and may often not work.

When the package manager checks to see what package versions are available to be installed or upgraded to, /etc/apt/sources.list and any configuration files in /etc/apt/sources.list.d are consulted to discover which software sources are configured. This includes but is not limited to information about what release is installed, and occasionally (though not usually!) it even makes sense to have software sources configured for releases other than the one you are running.

When you upgrade to a newer Ubuntu release using a supported method (such as the Software Updater / Update Manager or the do-release-upgrade command), the release names in sources.list are changed automatically. Some software sources, such as PPAs, may instead be disabled.

One of the reasons Ubuntu's package manager doesn't just check which release is installed and use that information dynamically to determine what software sources to use, is that there is no one thing that is the release you are running. Normally, which Ubuntu release you're using (e.g., 14.04) is well defined. But during a release upgrade, and under some other circumstances (some pathological and others proper), you may have a mixture of different releases.

In order for Ubuntu to get the point in a release upgrade where you are really, truly, and definitively running the next release (i.e., the release upgrade target), or even to the point where commonly used indicators like the contents of /etc/lsb-release would indicate the target release, it must first change what software sources are configured (to those of the target release) and upgrade, install, and remove packages to reflect what is provided by those software sources.


SMB share in-accessible from any PC, mac, android

I had the same issue and managed to solve it.
It comes from the fact that the samba users must be declared with :

sudo smbpasswd -a fx

(replace fx with any user you would like to allow)


Is there a way to close cmus without quitting?

I've written a guide explaining how to use a bash script combined with a rebinding of the q key to have very comfortable detaching/reattaching with cmus, see
https://github.com/cmus/cmus/wiki/detachable-cmus

Please tell me if this is good enough, since implementing this in cmus would be a lot of work :-).

Note: For the above solution to work the screen command must be installed: sudo apt-get install screen


I find out that Chromium works with some things that Chrome doesnt, if this help you, WebGL works here.


How to set up xbox360 controller on Ubuntu 20.04 focal fossa

I assume xpad driver is installed by default so try a different one.
Open a terminal and type
sudo apt-get install xboxdrv
Then to kick it in the guts type
sudo xboxdrv --detach-kernel-driver
You can get more help here


I solved the issue running a:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

I don't know why, but this solves my problem.


Some things I don't quite understand about partitioning for an installation

I'm not completely clear on what you're trying to do, but let me try to tackle some of your questions.

When installing Ubuntu with separate partitions there are generally four partitions you want to create.

Your root, boot, swap and home partitions.

Your root partition is where everything important is stored, including program files.

To install your partitions over four drives

When installing Ubuntu select the option that allows you to define your partitions manually.

The basic idea will be to create identical partition layouts on each drive. The boot partition should be the first and have the boot flag on. Followed by swap (you want a swap partition, but it doesn't have to be big 1GB should do it), and then root(the rest of your space). You don't have to create a home partition since you want it on your HDD. Do the same (exact) thing for each disk.

Then you want to configure the software raid.
Do some research on what type of raid you want.

To configure the software raid you want to define the like partitions across each drive, as that partition to use in the RAID array.

ex. sdx1 is the swap partition on each drive. so select sda1,sdb1, sdc1 and sdd1 to use as the swap partition.

If any of this made sense and your were able to get your OS installed across four drives, all thats left to do is mount your hdd at /home. sudo mount /dev/sdxx /home


It is not possible to format a hard drive you are currently booting from. You would need to use the Ubuntu live cd/usb.

You should also be able to format through the Windows installer. I've actually only once or twice in my life installed Windows so I actually have no idea about if the Windows installer has this feature but I would be seriously surprised if it doesn't.


With thanks to nobody special, desktop files can be trusted via command line: gio set Your_desktop_file.desktop "metadata::trusted" yes

NOTE:

You have to run this command with the same user as the owner of the desktop files
It only works if you run the command in the gnome shell (not via SSH)
To do this automatically at logon, you have to make a logon script what will execute an script, as this only run when Gnome is started. For example you can create an .desktop file in ~/.config/autostart/ what execute some shell script including the gio commands
Make sure nautilus-desktop is really started. You can create an while loop with a sleep 1 till nautilus-desktop run
Icon's will not refresh automatically. You can achieve this with pressing F5 on the desktop or restart nautilus in your autostart script. killall nautilus && nautilus-desktop & (the last & sign is to make sure the rest of your code will run. Otherwise it will stop the script there till you close nautilus-desktop process again)

sir almen


Issues while running pulseaudio as a not-root user

Seems problem solved with restoring default config /etc/pulse/default.pa and editing only 3 lines for transferring sound:

### Network access (may be configured with paprefs, so leave this commented
### here if you plan to use paprefs)
load-module module-esound-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1;192.168.1.0/16
load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1;192.168.1.0/16
load-module module-zeroconf-publish

Thanx for trying to help.


Why do all my music tracks appear twice in Clementine?

You should remove both folders from the list, so Clementine will drop its database. Then you should do the following:

add /MusClementine to the list of music folders
let Clementine import you music from /AFS/Music

This should fix your issue.


please have a look at the Ubuntu Cloud Archive. It provides a more recent virtualization stack backported to the last LTS.

As an example it will help you get the stack of 18.04 on 16.04 as you asked. But also the stacks of 18.10, 19.04, 19.10 ... back on 18.04. It contains much more than just kvm/qemu/virsh that you asked for, but nothing forces you to use these other bits.


Here is how it looks when you mount cd in ubuntu 12.04. Did you try putting different cd/dvd in your drive?


How to make a window transparent by clicking a program's title bar?

Have you tried https://launchpad.net/~unity-team/+archive/compiz-testing

add this to your sources.list

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/unity-team/compiz-testing/ubuntu oneiric main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/unity-team/compiz-testing/ubuntu oneiric main

Or

You can update your system with unsupported packages from this untrusted PPA by adding ppa:unity-team/compiz-testing to your system's Software Sources

sudo apt-get install compiz-plugins-main

you will also want to add this

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager


As user68186 said, this is not a forum. However, I guess I can help you out.

If you search for "Ubuntu basic terminal commands" or "Ubuntu terminal for beginners", you'll find a huge list of sites with tutorials and information.

I can suggest some of them:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UsingTheTerminal
https://techlog360.com/basic-ubuntu-commands-terminal-shortcuts-linux-beginner/
http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/10-basic-linux-commands-that-every-linux-newbies-should-remember
http://blog.sudobits.com/2012/07/20/top-17-terminal-commands-every-ubuntu-user-should-know-about/

In order to learn how to use the terminal, you should spend some time searching on Google. You can do things quicker and easier with a few keystrokes.


Wifi doesn't work on Ubuntu 14.04 anymore!

I wonder if the router might be wireless n only, if so the next command and a reboot should fix echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=8" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf

disable IPv6 in network manager by selecting ignore and add the terminal results for dmesg | grep iwl
then add another change to the module
echo "options iwlwifi bt_coex_active=N" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf

Reboot with ethernet cable unplugged


Your question is a little off topic.

There are plenty of sites with sound effects.

http://www.grsites.com/archive/sounds/category/21/?offset=0

I created a directory called My_Sounds where I collect my sounds.


Which libraries I need for projects in Mono Develop to work Properly?

Installing Mono Develop form the software center will give you everything you need to run a hello world project. GTK# is required to run monodevelop so you already have it. Try deleting and adding back your references to gtk-sharp and others as sometimes they can be locked to a specific version or strong named key.


Normally a simple update-grub should be sufficient for detect windows loader and be able to dual boot systems.


Cannot access another Drive in Dual Drive Laptop (Two individual Drives not partitions)

Run lsblk to see if the internal drive is mounted.  If it is, that will show the mount points.  If it's not being auto-mounted, you can mount it (see the mount man page).  If you left Windows in a hibernated state, the NTFS partitions won't be available.  You have to do a full shutdown from Windows first.


I reinstalled with the live cd (Kubuntu 10.10) and the same problem occurred, again I repeated the whole thing and once again the same problem occurred. It seems that it freezes if you leave it unattended for too long, thus I tried once again, but this time I was not absent and it succeeded. But I lost all the data, well I didn't have anything really important on the Kubuntu partition, so it's no big deal.

So if anyone has the same problems, just try to install and be around all the time.


Run a bash script without asking to display contents

Create a launcher. Open a text file and paste:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=foo
Exec=/path/to/your/script
Icon=
Type=Application

Now double click on it, it should do the trick. Maybe a pop-up will show, to mark as a trusted app, but just once.


Installing mesa Vulkan driver on Ubuntu 17.10

Check this post. I had simmilar issue on my ATI Sapphire 7870 AND AMD Radeon 7870. (☞ﾟヮﾟ)☞

I believe that it could be an issue with amdgpu not loaded try to verify it using lspci -k | grep "Kernel driver in use:".

Output should be "Kernel driver in use: amdgpu".

If not Add NAND modify /etc/X11/xorg.conf with

Section "Device"
    Identifier "AMD"
    Driver "amdgpu"
    Option "TearFree" "true"
EndSection

Option "TearFree" "true" should fix problem with screen thearing.

Then modify /etc/default/grub as:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash radeon.si_support=0 amdgpu.si_support=1"

finished with sudo update-grub && sudo shutdown -r to update grub and restart your device.

Then i would suggest sudo usermod -a -G video $LOGNAME its recommended by AMD to fix this VK_ERROR.

Eventually i would suggest you to try hexchat on #radeon they should be able to help you.


There is some syntax error in the file apache2.conf.

In a terminal, type:

cd /etc/apache2

Then:

apache2ctl configtest

It will show you where is the error in the apache2.conf file to correct.


Running apt-get update only fixes the problem after you remove one of the duplicate sources from your "sources.list" file.

To do that, open a terminal and type the following command:

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Now, look for this line and delete it if it is there:

deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main

Next, type this in the terminal:

ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d

There should be only one "google-chrome.list" file. If there is more than one file or another file with a similar name, delete it by typing the following command:

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list

Now that you have eliminated the duplicate source, run:

sudo apt-get update

To deal with the "wine" issue, you need to enable the "Universe" repository.

Open software-center or synaptic.

Click on "edit" and select "Software Sources".

Make sure "Community-maintained free and open-source software (universe)" is selected.

Click on the "Other Software" tab.

Make sure "Canonical Partners" and "Indipendent" are selected.

You will need to enter a password to apply the changes.

The other problem is that the distro you are using, Trusty, is no longer a supported version of Ubuntu and reached EOL January 27, 2014. Consequentially, the URL(s) in your /etc/apt/sources.list file no longer exist.

(My fix below is not guaranteed to work. I've pulled it off before. Other times, ended up with broken packages on the system and had to go ahead and re-install. Since you're pretty much already there, it might not hurt to go ahead and give it a try. Before you do, I recommend you first see this post as this seems to be the accepted answer in the community for dealing with an unsupported or depreciated distro like "raring"  How to install software or upgrade from old unsupported release?

To fix this, use the following commands.

First, use:

echo 'NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="14.04.1 LTS, Trusty Tahr"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS"
VERSION_ID="14.04"
HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"' | sudo tee /etc/os-release

Then, use:

echo 'DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=14.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=trusty
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS"' | sudo tee /etc/lsb-release

Next, you can update your /etc/apt/sources.list by using:

sudo sed -i 's/raring/trusty/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

Now you can rebuild your package list and upgrade your packages with this command:

sudo apt-get clean
cd /var/lib/apt
sudo mv lists lists.old
sudo mkdir -p lists/partial
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

You should now be able to install wine.

Finally, don't forget to update the files you may have for any PPA(s) other than google in your /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory.


What is the common way to save data in a database stucture in the ubuntu sdk

You have a couple of options here, either use U1DB which stores json documents in a sqlite database and has good documentation. Or you can use Qt's Local Storage module which you can interact directly with a sqlite database.


How to access the last return value in bash?

There is no special bash variable for that.

$? contains the exit code of the last command (0 = success, >0 = error-code)

You can use the output of find with the -exec flag, like this:

 find -name  '*.wsdl' -exec emacs {} \;

The {} is replaced with the file name found by find. This would execute the command for every found file. If you want to execute a command with all found files as arguments use a + at teh end like this:

  find -name '*.wsdl' -exec emacs {} +

This would open one emacs instance with all found .wsdl files opened in it.

A more general solution is to store the output in a variable:

result=$(find -name '*.wsdl')
emacs $result

This works with all commands, not just find. Though you might also use xargs:

  find -name '*.wsdl' | xargs emacs {}


cannot find /etc/network/interfaces file, doesn't exist

The file you're looking for does not exist anymore for new installations of Ubuntu versions 17.10 and up. Ubuntu 17.10 switched from ifupdown (which uses the /etc/network/interfaces file) to netplan. You can find configuration examples and documentation on netplan.io.


Make sure your script has set the execute flag when executing it directly or use bash as interpreter with the script as input.

To use bash as interpreter change the line to 0 4 24-31 * 4 bash /home/backupscript.sh

To set the execute flag for the script use: chmod +x /home/backupscript.sh


What network mapping tools are available?

Found the same question at linuxquestions.org. So maybe that could help.

Excerpts from the link:

Question: Does anyone know of any network mapping tools for Linux (Ubuntu 8.04) similar to The Dude?

Answers:

  1. There are several things that might do what you want (I have no
  knowledge of 'The Dude' apart from the link that you posted, so I've
  assumed anything that does network mapping might be what you want and
  posted a few from the first few pages on sourceforge):

  Nagios/Nagvis
  Mila_Ajax_Map
  Safe Mapping and Reporting Tool (SMART)
  Network Scaner
  NMap Console
  Oggle Network Mapping and Display Tool
  Prime
  CartoReso
  OpenMapper
  OSPF network visualizer
  netfuse
  Ajax Network Map
  Network Administration Visualized
  Advanced Network Topology and Inventory (?) ...

  If, however, you want an easy life, you should probably check out the
  packages that your distro offers. Depending on the repos that you have
  enabled, you should get a list something like this:

  lanmap
  netdude
  netmrg (?)
  zabbix (?)

  Looking at the names, netdude seems an attractive prospect, as the
  possibility is strong that one of these dudes was inspired by the
  other, in some way.

  2. Lanmap is similar to The Dude; it creates a graphical layout of
  your network.

Also after a little bit of Googling found that lanmap has been abandoned but there is a lanmap2.


Disable system style for Firefox form input elements

The CSS-based solutions are tricky to get right, in my experience.  The one in Michael's answer worked on some sites but not all.

In Firefox 60, there's an easier solution.  Go to about:config and set the following string value:
widget.content.gtk-theme-override = Adwaita:light

(You have to right-click and select New -> String.  Searching for gtk-theme-override won't find anything because the setting isn't there by default.)

Credit to Martin Stránský: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1283086#c7


You can set the timeout in

/usr/share/cinnamon/js/ui/messageTray.js

Look for the following line:

const **NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT** = 4;

and set an appropriate value.

The change needs a relogin to become active.


The thumbnail indeed is not an icon. Thumbnails are reduced-size versions of pictures, used to help in recognizing and organizing them.

Really, what you are talking about is not a problem  since nautilus deals with each file type as the same.

What I want to say take a look for all directories in your system. All icons have the same size.

Take a look at the icons of the applications, you'll notice that they are affected by size provided by the system and all of them has the same size. for example look at /usr/share/applications.

But Sure a thumbnail maybe with a different size of icons since it's a small sized of a picture that it will take a rate of the original picture and thus varies according to the size of the original one.


I just fixed this on my laptop, here's how to fix it. Open a terminal and run the following command:

cd && mkdir WPA && cd WPA && apt-get download wpa-supplicant

Now, open your favorite file-manager (thunar, nautilus, dolphin, etc...) using sudo in the WPA directory like this:

sudo nautilus ~/WPA

Next, right-click on the deb file and select the option "extract here" then,

right-click on the newly extracted archive and select "rename".

Name the file "NEW"

Now, open a terminal and run the following commands:

sudo cp /sbin/wpa_supplicant ~/WPA/wpacopy
sudo rm /sbin/wpa_supplicant
sudo cp ~/WPA/NEW/sbin/wpa_supplicant /sbin/wpa_supplicant
sudo chmod +x /sbin/wpa_supplicant
sudo chmod 600 ~/WPA/wpacopy
sudo service network-manager restart

And to verify this worked, run:

sudo chkrootkit

The output should say something about the "SNIFFER" being deleted, moved, or may even indicate where the sniffer was moved to ( ~/WPA/wpacopy ).


I suggest that you run and use the Demo version first before completely removing your XP. Select "Try" from the image below

If it all goes well and you are satisfy with the result that you get. Install Ubuntu by selecting "Replace Window 7 with Ubuntu" where in your case, Window 7 will be Window XP.

For more information, visit here

As for graphics driver, I recommend you visit this page on how to update/upgrade your driver to latest. Read it carefully as yours could be under the legacy drivers category. Don't just copy and paste the command line as some packages will be under a different name.

To check if Ubuntu support your video card. Visit here


The commands scope provides the backend for the Alt+F2 dash screen used to run arbitrary commands.  It also maintains the history list for previous commands that have been run through this interface.

It is not invoked by the standard dash view shown when you press Super/Win.


How to modify an invalid '/etc/sudoers' file?

On a modern Ubuntu system (and many other GNU/Linux distributions), fixing a corrupted sudoers file is actually quite easy, and doesn't require rebooting, using a live CD, or physical access to the machine.

To do this via SSH, log in to the machine and run the command pkexec visudo. If you have physical access to the machine, SSH is unnecessary; just open a Terminal window and run that pkexec command.

Assuming you (or some other user) are authorized to run programs as root with PolicyKit, you can enter your password, and then it will run visudo as root, and you can fix your /etc/sudoers.

If you need to edit one of the configuration files in /etc/sudoers.d (which is uncommon in this situation, but possible), use pkexec visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/filename.

If you have a related situation where you have to perform additional system administration commands as root to fix the problem (also uncommon in this circumstance, but common in others), you can start an interactive root shell with pkexec bash. Generally speaking, any non-graphical command you'd run with sudo can be run with pkexec instead.

(If there is more than one user account on the system authorized to run programs as root with PolicyKit, then for any of those actions, you'll be asked to select which one you want to use, before being asked for your password.)

If that doesn't work--for example, if there are no users authorized to run programs as root via PolicyKit--then boot from an Ubuntu live CD (like the CD you probably used to install Ubuntu) and mount the filesystem for the installed system. You can do this by running sudo parted -l to view your partitions--there is probably just one ext4 partition, and that's the root filesystem.

Suppose the installed Ubuntu system's root filesystem is on /dev/sda1. Then you could mount it with sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt. Then you can edit the installed system's sudoers file with sudo nano -w /mnt/etc/sudoers. Or, even better, you can edit it with

sudo visudo -f /mnt/etc/sudoers

(which will prevent you from saving a sudoers file with incorrect syntax).


Why are cryfs encrypted file sizes too big?

The goal of CryFS is not only to keep file contents, but also file sizes, metadata and directory structure confidential.

To hide file sizes, CryFS splits the content of a file into same-size blocks and encrypts these blocks individually. A tree structure is used to remember how the blocks belong together to form a file. This tree structure has very little overhead and itself is also stored using encrypted same-size blocks. To hide file metadata and directory structure, they are also represented using encrypted same-size blocks.

Source:

https://www.cryfs.org/howitworks


For Nvidia GPUs there is a tool nvidia-smi that can show memory
usage, GPU utilization and temperature of GPU.
For Intel GPU's you can use the intel-gpu-tools.
AMD has two options

fglrx (closed source drivers):

aticonfig --odgc --odgt

And for mesa (open source drivers), you can use RadeonTop .

Source:GPU usage monitoring


How to used windows free HD space in Ubuntu?

If you wish to permanently add more space to ubuntu partition you must only resize them.

You have nice tutorial here.

But you can only mount windows partiton, and use them from ubuntu.
Way to mount ntfs partition in ubuntu you have described here.

If you wish some third solution you must be more precise with your request,


Is it possibe that you can take out the hard drive and put it in a similar machine, then install it?
Putting it in a completely different machine probably wont work.

Or, can you try a different (or USB) Optical Drive?


How to set the external monitor as the default Monitor when dualmonitor is enabled?

I think a xrandr --output VGA-0 --primary did it...


Execute shell script or command on idle time

Apparently GNU screen has screensaver capabilities similar to what you're asking, if you put this in your .screenrc:

blankerprg cmatrix -ab -u2
idle 60 blanker


Nexus 4 Wifi hotspot, tethering available in OTA-9.1?

USB tethering works if you follow the instructios here https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/dbus-property-service/+bug/1427697

Instructions from that link...

Prerequisites for your phone:
- Turn on developer mode: "System settings" | "About this phone" | "Developer mode"

Make the OS image writable by entering on external computer connected via USB:

  phablet-config writable-image

Make sure that WLAN is turned off.

Steps for fixing tethering (only needed once; repeat after a phone update)

1) unplug the USB cable (on phone side suffices);
   2015-10-15: it seems to have changed now: you must be connected already

2) correct in /usr/bin/tethering:
   "rndis0" should be "usb0"

3) enable rndis:

  sudo android-gadget-service enable rndis

4) enable tethering:

  sudo tethering enable

Note: this might print an error, which can be ignored.

5) If not done before, plug in the USB cable and the computer connects to the internet using a new wired connection.

Instead of steps 2.-4., you can use a script named "fix-tethering" on your phone:

  sh fix-tethering

The file fix-tethering should contain the following 4 lines:

  #!
  sudo sed -i -e 's/rndis0/usb0/g' /usr/bin/tethering
  sudo android-gadget-service enable rndis
  sudo tethering enable


Upstart kills all process started by script

Upstart kills the process group:

  The signal specified by the kill signal stanza is sent to the process
  group of the main process. (such that all processes belonging to the
  jobs main process are killed). By default this signal is SIGTERM.

To avoid this, start the child processes in a new session with setsid, for example:

setsid top

ps (ps -eo '%c %a %p %P %r') will show that the process has a unique process group, and a parent pid of 1.


I have the same notebook.

I first installed Ubuntu, erasing windows 7. Later installed the Windows on a Partition created by ubuntu.

To access the ubuntu, I have to press ESC when the notebook is starting and choose Ubuntu Partition.


https://developer.ubuntu.com/en/start/ <-- a bit of information about that, plus https://developer.ubuntu.com/en/start/platform/guides/ - is this what you're looking for?


How to move one directory back when path contains symlink

There is a back button that will do just that. Enable it in the "view" menu. Set Location selector to "toolbar style".


Quit LightDM & launch a new x-session with an alternative xorg.conf

Error was in syntax:

xinit /home/ashley/Launch_Scripts/XP64.sh -config /path/to/modified.xorg.conf

Should be:

xinit /home/ashley/Launch_Scripts/XP64.sh -- -config modified.xorg.conf

Both xorg.conf and modified.xorg.conf are located in /etc/X11/


How to see the grub menu once I had updated my OS

try either of them:

turn off secure boot in bios if it's turned on
run ubuntu from usb and from there install boot-repair and run it
run ubuntu from usb and from there follow http://howtoubuntu.org/how-to-repair-restore-reinstall-grub-2-with-a-ubuntu-live-cd


I just installed the latest updates to 16.04 LTS and I have mysql-workbench working. I had mysql-server installed already and added now mysql-workbench as new. I have these versions:

mysql-workbench 6.3.6i+dfsg-0ubuntu1
mysql-server 5.7.17-0ubuntu0.16.04.2

MySQL Workbench's Help > About shows 6.3.6 build 511 CE (64 bits)
My kernel is 4.4.0-72-generic #93-Ubuntu SMP x86_64

Try listing the dependencies of libgiomm-2.4.so.1 and checking if any of them are missing:

ldd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgiomm-2.4.so.1

You can also try ldd for /usr/lib/mysql-workbench/mysql-workbench-bin, but it produces a lot bigger list and I think your error message refers to a dependency of libgiomm-2.4.

I prefer using synaptic to update software. I would run the command synaptic from the terminal, use Reload, Mark All Upgrades and Apply, reboot if a new kernel was installed. If you don't want to use Mark All Upgrades, use Reload, then click Search and search for mysql-workbench, select mysql-workbench with right mouse button and select Mark for Upgrade, and do the same to mysql-workbench-data, and then click Apply.

If it doesn't find updates, try selecting mysql-workbench, select Reinstallation for it with right mouse button, do the same for mysql-workbench-data, and then click Apply.

You can also try Mark for Complete Removal, Apply, and then install it as a new package.

If you prefer apt, you can try first to check for broken dependencies:

sudo apt-get check

I would also first update packages to the latest ones. It should also install updates to mysql-workbench if it finds any:

sudo apt-get update

Reboot if a new kernel was installed.

If there were no updates and/or mysql-workbench still doesn't work, try removing it with autoremove so any new libs installed as dependencies are also removed:

sudo apt-get autoremove mysql-workbench

Then try installing it again:

sudo apt-get install mysql-workbench


This link might help you:

http://www.wikihow.com/Change-Keyboard-Layout-in-Ubuntu

A review of the Adesso EasyTouch 135 model said "Not Linux friendly. Windows driver to turn lights on and off" so you might contact Adesso.


How to install an application that requires gksu package on ubuntu 18.04?

Introduction
As  Jeremy Bicha wrote:

Posted on April 18, 2018 by Jeremy Bicha — 8 Comments
Today, gksu was removed from Ubuntu 18.04, four weeks after it was removed from Debian.

So theoretically speaking there are no packages on Bionic Beaver 18.04 LTS, depending on gksu. But this is not true:
$ apt-cache rdepends gksu
gksu
Reverse Depends:
  gexec
  wicd-gtk
  spacefm-gtk3
  spacefm
 |menu

$ aptitude why gksu
i   menu Suggests gksu | kde-runtime | ktsuss

As you see some software, which are distibuted by third-party may depend on gksu package. So you can proceed installing gksu with method below on your own risk.
How to fix?
Possible solution is to install version from previous (17.10, artful) release.
Warning: do not execute the commands below if unsure!
Short method (as @MK suggested)
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libg/libgtop2/libgtop-2.0-10_2.32.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./libgtop-2.0-10_2.32.0-1_amd64.deb

wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libg/libgksu/libgksu2-0_2.0.13~pre1-6ubuntu8_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./libgksu2-0_2.0.13~pre1-6ubuntu8_amd64.deb

wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gksu/gksu_2.0.2-9ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./gksu_2.0.2-9ubuntu1_amd64.deb

Test
Test gksu (should work on Xorg-sessions)
gksu-properties # check that it has "Authentication mode" to "sudo"
gksu date
gksudo date

Notes
After installation the following packages will be marked as obsolete (locally-installed): gksu, libgksu2-0. But they will work as expected.


File has weird name, and cannot be found after being copied

Are you creating or editing the script from a Windows (or other non Ubuntu) machine? If so, maybe try running the script through dos2unix and then executing again.
Easy enough to install if not present: sudo apt install dos2unix
Then, just run dos2unix my_script.sh (Make a backup first).
Try running the script again after that.


Choppy flash video playback, 'settings' disabled for Flash as well

I was running compiz. I uninstalled it and on a restart, found that the choppiness had gone as well as the settings was clickable.

But when I tried installing compiz again, I could not reproduce the video choppiness nor the 'unclickability' of settings.


Could not find Java jdk in a directory that has been renamed

Try ls /home/duong/git/Java/jdk1.8.0_144 Does that dir exist?

You say you renamed the "git" folder to "admin".

Try ls /home/duong/admin/Java/jdk1.8.0_144 Does that dir exist?

Do you have Java installed from a .deb package from the repository?

Try

foo@bar:$ which java
/usr/bin/java
foo@bar:$ ls -l /usr/bin/java
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Oct 21  2016 /usr/bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java
foo@bar:$ ls -l /etc/alternatives/java
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 43 Sep 15 19:03 /etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java
foo@bar:$

The system wide install creates the many symlinks seen above. Following these will show you the directory in which java is installed. In the example directly above this is /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64

When you find your java install directory, set that as JAVA_HOME

E.g.

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64

or

export JAVA_HOME=/home/duong/admin/Java/jdk1.8.0_144

or whatever directory in which your java is installed.

Then run your npm command.


To get the scanner working, install the samsung linux driver for the scanner (install-scanner.sh), and then use the Ubuntu provided "Simple Scan" to scan documents.

The printer will not "see" the laptop, but the laptop will "see" the scanner.


Unfortunately, there is no application that lets you both view and manage your hardware.

While tools like hardinfo may be able to give you an abstraction of the hardware in your computer, it cannot disable, change or install a driver.

You will have to resort to command-line tools like modprobe, modinfo and so on.


Dist-upgrade in Ubuntu 14.10 tries to remove grub-efi-amd64

You're right to be wary. Although the replacement of grub-efi-amd64 by grub-pc will probably leave the major GRUB EFI file intact, GRUB may become confused by changes to its configuration file -- or it might not, since this is a luck-of-the-draw sort of thing. I haven't seen this specific issue for a while, but when I did it often resulted in boot problems if not caught.

To be most helpful, you might try upgrading individual packages (e.g., sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic and so on) to see which one(s) might have inappropriate dependencies, then file a bug report against whatever's forcing the change. If they're all doing the same thing, then it could be something unrelated to individual package packaging, like a missing /sys/firmware/efi directory tree (which could be a kernel module issue). That might merit a bug report filed against a relevant package, or maybe a configuration file change on your system.

Another approach (not incompatible with the first) is to install another boot manager or boot loader that can run instead of GRUB. It could be you'll switch to this other one or simply keep it as a backup. I describe several options on my EFI Boot Loaders for Linux page. If you set up such a boot loader as a backup, you should be able to let the replacement proceed and then reverse it manually when it's done, and if something goes wrong, you'll still be able to boot.


Share directories with Active Directory users

I use this to mount directories from windows domain file server.

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

after code post this

//10.0.0.0/path /home/path cifs username=ADusername,password=ADpass 0 0


Problems with Chrome browser after suspending the computer on Ubuntu 20.04

Same problem for me.
Enabling enable-vulkan in chrome://flags then restarting the browser fixed it. If that does not work, you can also try enabling ignore-gpu-blacklist as well.
Answer based on this old askubuntu
answer


VirtualBox screen resolution with Windows 7

Installing Guest Additions for Windows :

The VirtualBox Windows Guest Additions are designed to be installed in a virtual machine running a Windows operating system. The following versions of Windows guests are supported:

  Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 (any service pack)

  Microsoft Windows 2000 (any service pack)

  Microsoft Windows XP (any service pack)

  Microsoft Windows Server 2003 (any service pack)

  Microsoft Windows Server 2008

  Microsoft Windows Vista (all editions)

  Microsoft Windows 7 (all editions)

In the "Devices" menu in the virtual machine's menu bar, VirtualBox has a handy menu item named "Install guest additions", which mounts the Guest Additions ISO file inside your virtual machine. A Windows guest should then automatically start the Guest Additions installer, which installs the Guest Additions into your Windows guest.

SOURCE -> here

You may need to manually run the Guest Additions executable inside your vm from the mounted cd/iso. Above source instructs how if the iso is unmounted in your vm.

OR

type in terminal sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-additions


The command given on the MAAS documentation did not work out for me as well, so I ran:

sudo maas-import-pxe-files

Also run an update and reboot your machine afterwards, MAAS should then find the imported boot images.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


I want to wipe a new laptop of Windows10 and install Ubuntu from an iso on a flash drive

Of course it's is possible.

Follow instructions here to create the USB disk http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows

And here to install: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/install-ubuntu-desktop

I'm glad you chose Linux. Your gf will appreciate it, I hope.


Change all general folder / directory icons

conversion

You can convert your .png folder file to .svg by using this website

you can upload your image, and see the result.

Easily Convert Bitmaps To Vectors

But if you want to download your svg-image, you need to register. (If you register, you get 2 images for free)

If you want to convert more images then use Potrace tool from inkscape

*it can't convert directly from .png to .svg you first need to convert it to .pnm for better explanation see this answer

Your theme's Places folder may not be the right location. If you can find "folder.svg" in there that's ok but if you can't, you should open your theme's "index.theme" file with gedit and then check its Inheritences's Places folders. It should be in the folder named "16".
When you find "folder.svg" as an original file, not a link, change its name as "folder.svg.backup" and then copy your .svg file to here and name it "folder.svg".
Make a link your new "folder.svg", copy and paste it to all other folders in your theme's Places folder. Don't forget to make these links' names "folder.svg"
When you log out and come back, your folder icon must be changed.


How can I recover data deleted using find -delete?

Restore from backup.  If you don't make regular backups, then sooner or later something like this will happen and you will lose data.


You seem to be in the /root directory and not in /. This is the home directory of root. You can easily confirm this by typing

pwd

(pwd = print working directory)
if you want to go to the root directory (meaning the root of the directory tree /), you need to type from where you are

cd ..

or

cd /

The software you are trying to install is most probably not installed in the home directory of root as this would be a rather impractical place (only root could run the program).

I would guess that it is installed in /opt


You can't copy files in order with commandline or nautilus. But you can use midnight commander to copy some files in order. Install it on terminal with this command:

sudo apt-get install mc


To always overwrite the file with each new tcpdump line:

sudo tcpdump -l -q ip | awk '{system("echo " $0 " > out")}'

To use the output for an other comand, eg awk

$3 = only the 3rd column

sudo tcpdump -l -q ip | awk '{print $3}'

Filter by tcp

sudo tcpdump -l -q ip | awk '/tcp/ {print $0}'

Or a combination:

sudo tcpdump -l -q ip | awk '/tcp/ {"echo " $0 " > out"}'

from man tcpdump

   -l     Make  stdout  line  buffered.
          Useful if you want to see the data while capturing it.
          E.g.,
                 tcpdump -l | tee dat
          or
                 tcpdump -l > dat & tail -f dat


Spotty Internet in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS/Doesnt see ethernet

Connect via ethernet. Then go to the network icon in the top panel and choose Connection Information. Note what driver is being used for your ethernet connection. If it's r8169, that might explain your problem, as it's kind of buggy.

Install r8168-dkms, reboot the computer, bring up your BIOS, and turn off secure boot in your BIOS.

For wireless problems, in terminal, type sudo iwconfig power off to turn off power management. And make sure that your connection is using WPA2-AES.

Let me know if that helps. Cheers, Al


Does your application have a Capfile? If not, then read the friendly documentation.


This thread, reply #34 was what worked.

In my case it was not a USB that would not boot (as per the article above) but the desktop machine.  To fix it, I booted into a recovery disk like "boot repair" and bypassed the automatic repair sequence that boot repair steps you into once you have booted up in that recovery mode.

Then I opened a terminal and navigated to the /EFI directory on the stricken machine that would not boot.

There were two directories there:  BOOT and ubuntu.

I copied the file grubx64.efi from the BOOT directory and placed it into the ubuntu directory and renamed it to mmx64.efi.

Then I closed down the machine and rebooted and entered the BIOS.  Therein I set the machine to boot from ubuntu (which was never listed there previously).

That's how I fixed this mess.

There are other useful suggestion in the related thread that might help with similar issues.


You need to install the ubuntuone-client-proxy package, to be able to use Ubuntu One file sync from behind a proxy.


Upgrade from 10.10 to 11.04 broke Ubuntu

Look at this:

http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1719850.html

Do you have a promise Raid? If it's so, looks like it fits your problem. There's another entry here about that:

http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1719850.html

So it's a bug from Ubuntu installation and the dmraid package.

To sum everything, looks like there's a ppa with the update in it:

ppa: psusi/ppa


Did you download the binary version or the source? This software appears to be 9+ years old and was compiled against libraries of that time, so it's pretty unlikely that the binary would run on current Ubuntu. I was only able to get it to work by compiling from source, and even then I had to make a few changes to account for minor code rot:

In the Makefile, change this:

CXX     = g++

to this:

CXX     = g++ -Wno-deprecated -fpermissive

In pacb.lookup.cpp, change this:

#include<iostream.h>

to this:

#include <iostream>

Please note that the site says:

  If you have not already done so, you must agree to the license before proceeding.

... yet the license link is broken, so it may not be possible currently to download or use this software without infringing the author's copyright. If you intend to make serious use of it, I would recommend contacting Matthew Stephens to ask for a copy of the license.


Okay, I'm assuming you are trying to install an older version that requires that package. To install that dependency, run the following commands:

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/python-central/python-central_0.6.17ubuntu2_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i python-central_0.6.17ubuntu2_all.deb

Now, you should be able to install without the dependency issue.

source

Okay, since that didn't work, lets try the current version to see if that fixes the issue.

WARNING:

The following steps will delete your current radiotray configuration and possibly any files associated with the application. You should make a backup of these file before you proceed!!!

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get purge radiotray
sudo apt-get install radiotray=0.7.3-1ubuntu1

EDIT

Based on that bug report, you should be able to run the following to fix the issue:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly python-gst0.10 python-gtk2 python-lxml python-setuptools dh-python


There are three time stamps on Unix systems:

atime: Access time

This time stamp tells you when the file was accessed the last time, including only reading access.
ctime: Change time

This time stamp tells you when the file attributes (inode information) changed the last time. That includes e.g ownership and permissions, but a content change also triggers an update of this time stamp.

Note that changes to the atime seem to be an exception as they do not trigger a ctime update. This is probably because a simple read access which is enough to trigger an atime update does not make any relevant changes to the file attributes. And one of the main purposes of ctime is to help backup tools to determine if a file has changed. The atime is an irrelevant information for such tools and updating a backup just to update a changed atime because somebody has read the file would be useless.

I'm not sure, but some people think this behavior (changes to atime do not update ctime) is only due to the mount options (like relatime) of the underlying file system that caches and delays atime updates in the inode for performance reasons in memory and only applies them to the real inodes on the disk (triggering a ctime update) under certain conditions.
@kos tried it and apparently even when mounting a FS with the `strictatime``option, the ctime seems to never update if the atime changes.
mtime: Modification time

This time stamp tells you when the file's content was modified the last time.

So a simple read access using cat FILENAME only changes the atime, but not the ctime as no file attribute got modified. The changed atime does not count.


Export path working from terminal but not bash script

You should only add path in this environnement in this variable. Change your script to use the following command

export PATH="$PATH:/home/mike/bin/:/home/mike/app/"


Why didn't a new kernel get installed on a Dell XPS 13?

I had the same exact problem (XPS 13 with no wifi working after updating to 19.0/19.10) and the kernel was stuck on 4.15 just like in default Dell OEM 18.04. The solution is pretty simple:

sudo apt install linux-image-generic

and then reboot (and make sure you boot in the new kernel, it should be the default behavior anyway). This fixed for me and after a quick check no other HW got broken in process :)


Windows that pop up appear behind active window?

Okay so I found a solution. Basically, you need to install CompizConfig Settings Manager. Then go to General > General Options > Focus & Raise Behaviour and set Focus Prevention Level from Low to Off.


How to exclude some installed software using Remastersys

Here you exclude directories and files.

Just enter the directory names or files (path needed) separated with a space.

For example: /home/mitch/downloads/ /home/mitch/Downloads/<file_name>


Wifi not working - Ubuntu 12.04/14.04 LTS - Realtek 802.11d RTL8192EE

Resolved by upgrading to Ubuntu 14.10. It will recognize this driver properly. However, it seems Ubuntu 14.04 and 12.04, the LTS ones, unfortunately still don't work no matter what I tried. If anyone has an answer for the LTS OS versions, please post it for others to know!


user.js is not used for locking preferences.

Locking preferences at MozillaZine Knowledge Base.


Cannot install and the code is not working: apt-get install virtualbox-guest-x11

Simple and easy answer:

First install the needed dependencies you need to build the modules:

apt-get install linux-headers-amd64 dkms

Then install the gues additions with:

sh /media/cdrom/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

this will take care of everything normally. The VirtualBox Guest additions are not within the Kali repository so you cannot install them with apt-get, but since you mounted the additions CD anyways (as seen in your screenshot) this above command will take care of everything.


The reason you're getting that error is because double parentheses ((...)) are for arithmetic, so a slash indicates division. For more details, see What is the difference between the Bash operators [[ vs [ vs ( vs ((? on Unix & Linux.

As discussed in the comments, you could use grep -q. It returns true if a match is found, and false otherwise.

if sudo fdisk -l | grep /dev/sdc | grep -q "1.8 TiB"; then ...

That said, this is an XY problem. The code you wrote does not do what you describe. From a quick search, it looks the best solution is to use mount -L or mount -U to mount by the filesystem label or UUID, respectively. You don't need to parse the output of fdisk -l, and you don't need an if-statement. If you need more details, let me know; you may need to ask a new question.


Lubuntu 14.04.1 - Accent suddenly disappear mainly in Vim and GVim

Ok.. I'm not using Lubuntu myself, but let me give you a hint which might help.

Open a terminal window and run ibus-setup. If you select the Advanced tab, you should find an option "Share the same input method among all applications". Make sure that option is checked.


Why is fresh install of 13.10 not bootable?

I just figured this out after about 4 days of solid pounding on the problem.  I had some stale boot configuration data records that were being persisted in nvram of the machine and were therefore surviving my most thorough attempts at wiping out the SSD to a clean slate.

Lots of documentation about BCD is ambiguous as to whether the data is stored in the EFI partition or in nvram on the machine.  Perhaps the storage location is machine-specific, but several times I deleted all of the partitions from this Surface's SSD AND the partition table itself, but this did not fix the issue.

I finally reinstalled and booted into Windows 8 and tinkered around with bcdedit.exe, which is a pretty crude tool, before reading that EasyBCD has a free license for individuals.  Using it was a cinch; I just deleted all BCD records for both Windows and Ubuntu, then rebooted and ran the Ubuntu installer again and voila!!!


Try burning the iso to a usb. And also I recommend you to clean your disk before you do it. Beware though, if you have import stuff already on your partition/disk move all of them to some other external hard drive or on the cloud. if dual booting, just do a clean of that partition in which you will install ubuntu. Next I recommend you to install ubuntu using custom. If your installing aside windows 10, there may be some problems. If there still is the error message please pm me and I'll try to find another problem


Does dd act at the filesystem level or go to the raw device directly?

dd works on whatever you chose it to work on.

You can take the terminal streams (stdin and stdout), or anything represented by a file descriptor as in- and output of dd.

And as almost everything on Linux has a file descriptor, you can use files, directories, character devices (e.g. /dev/null, /dev/random), block devices (e.g. partitions/file systems like /dev/sda1 or directly entire disks like /dev/sda).

As you can see, dd is a pretty powerful and versatile tool, but make sure you use it with caution as it's also known as "disk destroyer" if you accidentally use it with unintended arguments.

If you're interested in more information about dd, read its manpage (run man dd) or look for example at Answer to "dd vs cat — is dd still relevant these days?" (Unix&Linux.SE) or What does the command name "dd" stand for?