How to create a ext4 partition for all users?

Maybe you're doing the things in the wrong order. When you create a file system with mkfs.ext4, everything inside it is owned by user root and group root with your system default permissions set.

When you mount that file system on a directory, you see file system permissions and owner, regardless of the original owner and permissions on that directory.

So doing something like this won't work:

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/some/data
sudo mkdir /media/data
sudo chown -R :users /media/data
sudo chmod -R g+rw /media/data
sudo mount /dev/some/data /media/data

The right thing to do is create the file system, mount it, and then change permissions and ownership on it. It doesn't matter what you do in /etc/fstab.

The right way to do it is this:

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/some/data
sudo mkdir /media/data
sudo mount /dev/some/data /media/data
sudo chown -R :users /media/data
sudo chmod -R g+rw /media/data

This should answer your question. If you need more details, read on.

To better understand what happens, let's experiment a little with an image file

Create an empty file to format and mount using fallocate -l 100MB /tmp/filesystem.img. Then format it as an ext4 file system with sudo mkfs.ext4 /tmp/filesystem.img (it's not a block device, but if you answer yes you can put a working ext4 file system on it anyway) and create a directory to use as mount point mkdir /tmp/experiment.

Now try to change the owner and permissions on that directoy with sudo chown -R :users /tmp/experiment and sudo chmod -R g+rw /tmp/experiment, and check permissions with ls -la /tmp/experiment. You'll get something like this:

 ls -la /tmp/experiment/
 total 0
 drwxrwx--x 2 gerlos users  40 feb 19 10:37 .
 drwxrwxrwt 8 root   root  180 feb 19 10:38 ..

This tells you that /tmp/experiment is owned by user gerlos and group users, and group members can read, write and execute on it. You can put files in it, for example with touch /tmp/experiment/somefile.

Now mount the file system on that directory with sudo mount /mnt/filesystem.img /tmp/experiment, and look again at ls output:

$ ls -la /tmp/experiment/
total 13
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  1024 feb 19 10:41 .
drwxrwxrwt 8 root root   180 feb 19 10:41 ..
drwx------ 2 root root 12288 feb 19 10:41 lost+found

As you can see, now /tmp/experiment seems owned by root, with different permissions! Why? Because we are not looking at /tmp/experiment itself, but at the root directory of the file system contained in /mnt/filesystem.img, mounted on /mnt/experiment.

Additionally, your normal user won't be able to put files there with touch /tmp/experiment/anotherfile.

If you now try again to run chown and chmod as above, you will change owner and permissions not on the mount point, but on the mounted file system, and your users will be able to use the file system. To confirm this look at ls output one last time:

$ ls -la /tmp/experiment/
total 13
drwxrwxr-x 3 root users  1024 feb 19 10:41 .
drwxrwxrwt 8 root root    180 feb 19 10:45 ..
drwxrw---- 2 root users 12288 feb 19 10:41 lost+found

As you can see, now members of users group can put files on the file system! In fact, nothing prevents your normal user from creating a new file there with touch /tmp/experiment/myfile:

$ ls -la /tmp/experiment/
total 13
drwxrwxr-x 3 root   users   1024 feb 19 11:05 .
drwxrwxrwt 8 root   root     180 feb 19 11:02 ..
drwxrw---- 2 root   users  12288 feb 19 10:41 lost+found
-rw-rw---- 1 gerlos gerlos     0 feb 19 11:02 myfile

Mission accomplished! :-)


Project ERROR: Unknown module(s) in QT: script

The Ubuntu 20.04 LTS shipping Qt5, so you have to use it.

cd ~/Downloads

wget http://iboview.org/bin/ibo-view.20150427.tar.bz2
tar -xf ibo-view.20150427.tar.bz2
cd ibo-view.20150427/

sudo apt-get install qt5-qmake qt5-default qtscript5-dev libqt5svg5-dev

Also you need to install Boost libraries:

sudo apt-get install libboost-dev

along with Intel MKL

sudo apt-get install libmkl-interface-dev libmkl-computational-dev libmkl-threading-dev

And then compile the software:

qmake main.pro
make -j4

And run it:

./iboview


install a minimal 64bit Ubuntu 12.04 server virtual machine to use alongside a 32bit Ubuntu 12.04?

Where can I find the installation instructions for the best option to achieve my goal?

VMWare Player (or Workstation)

From personal experience, I can tell you that VMWare Player will almost certainly work for you, given that you have this scenario:

Intel/AMD 64-bit Processor with Virtualization (VT) extensions
32-bit Linux Host
64-bit Linux Guest

Try VMWare Player, and it will let you know what the problem is if it can't do what you want. (I couldn't find official instructions with a quick Google Search.

VirtualBox

Virtualbox also has a similar feature since version 2.1, with similar requirements. From Chapter 3 of the Virtualbox manual:

  VirtualBox supports 64-bit guest operating systems, even on 32-bit host operating systems, provided that the following conditions are met:

  You need a 64-bit processor with hardware virtualization support (see the section called “Hardware vs. software virtualization”).
  You must enable hardware virtualization for the particular VM for which you want 64-bit support; software virtualization is not supported for 64-bit VMs.
  If you want to use 64-bit guest support on a 32-bit host operating system, you must also select a 64-bit operating system for the particular VM. Since supporting 64 bits on 32-bit hosts incurs additional overhead, VirtualBox only enables this support upon explicit request.

Hope this helps!


Inside mysql do
 show full processlist

and you get shown what mysql is doing with at the beginning of the result process ids. You can use, still inside mysql ...
kill {processlist}

to kill a process.
But do note the sql statement and check if it is correct: it is possible to create mysql statements that take longer to finish, or never finish, due to wrongly created joins or a missing index.


I have this problem as well. This is not a solution but workarounds that work for me I have found:

acpi shows the correct battery state and charging status.

sudo service upower restart forces the battery status of upower to update. I would like this to happen every time I resume my computer from hibernation so after I charge my laptop I can actually see the progress. I've come up with the following script that runs on wake:

# Restart upower on wake (put in /lib/systemd/system-sleep/)
#!/bin/sh
case $1
  post)
    service upower restart ;;
esac

I would love a real solution to this problem. I'll update my answer if I can find one.


Setup an Ubuntu server (with nginx) to catch all domains with a certain DNS and display the same php file

You can create a default server without specifying server name, it will respond to every domain that's not explicitly set in other server blocks.

server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    listen [::]:80 default_server;

    root /var/www/html;
    server_name _;

    #your php config
}


Cannot mount a blank dvd in ubuntu 14.04

I got this message two days ago with Ubuntu 16.04 as well. I had inserted a blank DVD in order to burn the Ubuntu 17.04 live DVD. I never had it before with Ubuntu 14.04 so I think it must have something to do with recent kernel updates on both platforms. Simply ignore the message, close the window and gburn your .ISO file to the DVD.

I can't explain why the message appears only that it is "one of those things" that happens where we "shrug our shoulders" and "move on".


Install SSL Cerificate. Ubuntu 14, Apache2 (comodo)

Does the server responds on https protocol over its IP Address or you get an browser error? Try to use the following statement for virtual host: VirtualHost *:80 (remove _defult string) and, also, comment (or remove) the line:

SSLCertificateChainFile /path_/mydomain_com.ca-bundle

Did you generate a Self-Signed Certificate for your Virtual Host or you use the default one? Also...I suggest that you follow this tutorial to create a SSL Vhost http://www.bytelinux.com/create-self-signed-certificates-enable-apache-ssl-ubuntu-14-10/ and use the a2sslcert script in order to generate and automatically install a self-signed certificate. Also i suggest that you verify the SSL certificate (.key and .crt files) system path to see if it points right!


As far as I know, a lot of people have no, or very few issues with Sandy Bridge now. The issues people have tend to be related to the classics:

Various networking driver issues
Complicated graphics setups (Optimus, et al)

.. And not basic architecture issues. Judging by the news I read on Phoronix the performance of SB seems to keep improving too as new kernels keep coming out.

I'd say it's a safe upgrade as long as you check the components outside of the standard stack (graphics, networking) to make sure they're safe.

And VDPAU is Nvidia only. If you know that and you're adding a Nvidia graphics card, you'll need to check to make sure it's supported.


Wired internet connection is very slow on Ubuntu 16.04.03 LTS

Run in your terminal with correct ethernet port number you are using. Here I assumed it is 'eth0':

sudo /sbin/ethtool eth0

and see if the duplex mode is Half or Full. If it is Half duplex change it to full duplex with this command:

sudo /sbin/ethtool -s eth0 duplex full

You can also change the ethernet port to Half duplex with this command:

sudo /sbin/ethtool -s eth0 duplex half

However you need to install the ethtool first if it is not yet installed.


I experience this problem with some of my Ubuntu 12.04 GUI sessions.
For instance, earlier today, my TightVNC session failed with this error.

There is a bug report on this, and the suggested remedy worked for me (as it did in previous cases):

sudo apt-get install unity-2d


Explain "In Linux and UNIX, everything is a file"

The statement is ambiguous and there is no single definition, but in general there are several interpretations:

Objects can be operated on via same or similar utilities to those that are used for files. To quote Linus Torvalds:

  The whole point with "everything is a file" is not that you have some
  random filename (indeed, sockets and pipes show that "file" and "filename"
  have nothing to do with each other), but the fact that you can use common
  tools to operate on different things.

Notable example of those are network sockets. Although syscalls to operate on those are different, the concepts are the same. Pipes, in reality, are pairs of file descriptors, so writing to them is done via same write() and read() syscalls as for files ( although it's not possible to use lseek() on them ).

The reality of computers is that data makes sense within context. To one application data may be just stream of bytes, and to another - meaningful input. Thus under Linux/Unix operating systems having common tools to handle data, but let applications decide how they handle that data is the crucial part.

Consistent set of tools to handle different items in file-like way  is also significant. Consider for instance file descriptors: we can have exactly same object which we may open and read, but that object could be network socket, anonymous or named pipe, a file that is loaded into memory, etc.
Items have inode number on their respective filesystems. In particular, directories are just files that are lists of inodes. Pipes have inode on kernel's virtual pipefs. Thus, the idea here is that there's a consistent way to abstract and identify different objects via same methods; i.e. keyword here is consistency. See also What are directories, if everything on Linux is a file?

One of the nice features of Linux kernels is the ability to provide virtual filesystems. To quote chaos on the related ( if not cross site-duplicate ) question:

  The "Everything is a file" phrase defines the architecture of the operating system. It means that everything in the system from processes, files, directories, sockets, pipes, ... is represented by a file descriptor abstracted over the virtual filesystem layer in the kernel. The virtual filesytem is an interface provided by the kernel. Hence the phrase was corrected to say "Everything is a file descriptor". Linus Torvalds himself corrected it again a bit more precisely: "Everything is a stream of bytes".

Of course, following the concept of consistency, the virtual filesystem objects are abstracted via the same means as on the real filesystem - inode number which references a particular entity on the filesystem. What the structure of that filesystem may be should be irrelevant - same tools should apply and objects should be referenced in the same way, as they are just sequences of bytes.
Devices can be represented as file-like object under /dev/ filesystem. This statement is often questioned, particularly with Linus's quote above. Strictly speaking, they aren't "files" in traditional meaning of file on hard drive, which contain data within (Though Wikipedia article on this topic states exactly device-file representation as the interpretation in the opening paragraph). The objects such as /dev/sda1 block devices and /dev/zero character device are object that connect to device driver in kernel. Read Gilles's answer on the related post

However, it's worth admitting that such approach also has been widely applied. In particular, some of the original creators of Unix also worked on Plan 9 operating system. To quote PH7 article:

  For instance, the Plan 9 operating system pioneered a fully integrated approach to system resources: A cornerstone of Plan 9 vision was the objective to represent not only devices and communication channels but all system interfaces through the filesystem. For instance, Plan 9 designers noted that in UNIX, network devices cannot completely be considered as regular files: They are accessed through sockets which have distinct opening semantics and which reside in a different name space (host and port for internet sockets). Plan 9 implementation demonstrated that you could successfully unify all local and remote devices in a global namespace. This concept eventually came back to UNIX in the form of portalfs.

Side note:  a related post cites 1990 document FILE SYSTEM DESIGN USING LARGE MEMORIES by Carl Staelin and Hector Garcia-Molina, which states:

  In iPcress everything is a file, including the indexed table of file headers (inode table). This is an extension of the UNIX philosophy that “all files are simply a stream of bytes".

Thus, it may be as well that original design of Unix intended for common interface which treated streams of bytes equally via same utilities, which inevitably grew into "everything is a file" philosophy, though it's fairly accurate to say that files in reality  are just organized sequences of bytes.


telegram does not run from dash Ubuntu 16

It seems at first clean installation of Telegram, you're accidently running it with sudo privilege, and this is where the problem is occurred. You shouldn't have do that, the convenience way to run graphical program as root is using gksudo command.

If you using sudo command on graphical program (such as Telegram), they may save their configuration files in your home directory and caused the file owned by root (inaccessible when you run it with non-root privilege). This is what happen to your /home/rasoul/.local/share/TelegramDesktop/log_startXX.txt.

To resolve this, you may need to reset the file owner and group setting (chown). Open terminal and type:

sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) /home/rasoul/.local/share/TelegramDesktop/log_startXX.txt

Source:

What is the difference between "gksudo nautilus" and "sudo nautilus"?

Telegram only runs with sudo


Unfortunately it's kind of in the nature of Wine where it'll sometimes out of the blue just slap you in the face and stop working. Especially with the development versions of Wine. There isn't a whole lot of things you can do about it other than to verify you did everything in the HOWTO section on WineHQ and to just try to run the same version of Wine where it was rated platinum.

As you can see on Ableton's WineHQ page, it looks like it works best with Wine 1.5. In this case, a Wine front-end like PlayOnLinux can help a lot because you can manage multiple versions of Wine with it in a very easy way. So that is another thing you can try!

Good luck and hopefully you can get it to work!


Install a package and get dependencies from repositories with

sudo gdebi package.deb

If you already installed the package with missed dependencies, you can dowload and install dependencies automatically with

sudo apt-get -f install

Also available is a graphical version gdebi-gtk, linked to .deb nautilus right click action "Open With GDebi Package Installer".


Why won't my Logitech F310 controller work on Ubuntu 16.04?

Did you try this link already : http://nomoreterminals.blogspot.kr/2013/12/how-to-set-up-logitech-f310-on-ubuntu.html ??
I hope you try installing your contoller driver ?? If you would be able to install the driver of your controller then I think it should work directly there is no need of Joy2Key.


Boot Menu Screwed up, computer won't boot

These are the steps I would suggest.

Boot from live CD.
Locate the previous Ubuntu partition and mount it.
chroot into the mounted partition.
Run the grub-install command.

Exact commands may vary depending upon your partitions and directory structure.


What is the advantage of using xampp? Why not directly install Apache, PHP, composer, MySQL and phpmyadmin?

Here's a common enough situation: I'm a user without administrative rights. I could be using a lab system in university, or something like that. The administrator does not want to install LAMP (for whatever reason). Or maybe they have installed LAMP, but the configuration is not what I desire.

So I use XAMPP, configuring it so that it does not need any administrator privileges.


How do I get a Atheros Communications Inc. AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter working?

I had this same problem. I solved it by pressing Fn+F2 on my keyboard. Press Fn and the key with the wifi symbol. It set the hard block to 'no'


Install cpu-freq.

It has four options: Conservative, Ondemand,Powersave, Performance.

(sudo apt-get install indicator-cpufreq)


You will be able to use (If you are using the latest wine PPA) Powerpoing 2007 with no problems, but just in case there is PlayOnLinux. In my tests, whichever you choose will work, however, some users have still reported some problems that can be tackled by:

Going to winecfg and configuring in the library tab the gdiplus library to either (native, builtin) or (native, windows).

Setting the Wine Prefix variable to your .wine folder. For example if my user is cyrex then:
WINEPREFIX="/home/cyrex/.wine"

Using LibreOffice to simply open this files (Assigning this files to be opened with LO). In this case I suggest the latest version since it has some serious updates and fixes regarding Microsoft Office 2003/2007/2010 files.

Since you are showing a IOPL Bug I mentioned the 2 first points to fight that problem. But as others might recommend, you should give LibreOffice a try.


Help me to add line to file password /etc/shadow

Yeah the !s are being interpreted by bash. Switch your "s to ' and it should be fine.


How can I capitalize letters before a certain character? (^)

Using GNU sed (Ubuntu's default) (thanks to pabouk for the -r option suggestion):

< inputfile sed -r 's/^(.*)\^/\U\1\E/' > out

Using perl (thanks to Oli for the shortened regex):

< inputfile perl -pe 's/^(.*)\^/\U\1\E/' > out

Command #1 breakdown:

< inputfile: redirects the content of inputfile to stdin
-r: allows the use of extended regexes
> out: redirects the content of stdout to out

Command #2 breakdown:

< inputfile: redirects the content of inputfile to stdin
> out: redirects the content of stdout to out

Regex breakdown:

s: performs a substitution
/: starts the regex
^: matches the start of the line
(: starts the first capturing group
.*: matches any number of characters
): stops the first capturing group
\^: matches a ^ character
/: stops the regex / starts the replacement
\U: starts converting to uppercase
\1: replaces with the first capturing group
\E: stops converting to uppercase
/: stops the replacement


Battery Life on a Lenovo ideapad u410 ultrabook

Try:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/PowerManagement/PowerSavingTweaks

and also:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/PowerManagement/IdentifyingIssues


What is the relationship between Unity, Gnome, Gnome 3, Compiz, Metacity, and LightDM?

You only need to know 4 terms:

Display manager
Window Manager
Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)
Desktop Environments

Display manager
Examples are LightDM, GDM, KDM, and LXDM. They normally have display manager somewhere in their names.  These start the X server at boot and provide a login screen.  They often let you select a window manager and/or desktop environment as part of logging in.
Window Manager
Compiz, Metacity, Mutter, W9dk, fluxbox are window managers. There are too many to list.  If you want you can check all the packages that provide x-window-manager to get an incomplete list of the window managers in Ubuntu. These only are responsible of drawing the application borders, managing the position of the windows, themes and decorations.
Grapical User Interfaces (GUI)
Anything that the user interacts with in any graphical way, with icons and representations. Window Managers, Display Manager and Graphical shells, applications, etc. falls in this category. Whatever the user is using that is represented predominantly in a graphical way is a GUI.
Desktop Environments
In the Linux world, it's referred to as a set of applications, packages, services, etc. that provides a complete and balanced ecosystem for the user. Unlike Window Manager or Desktop Manager, Desktop Environments take care of everything. From the login screen through your mail application, the network manager, text editor, the system settings, image viewer, file manager, etc. There are 4 well known Desktop Environments in Linux and Ubuntu:

GNOME
KDE Desktop Environment
LXDE: Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment
XFCE Desktop Environment

These all have a complete set of applications, settings, services, desktop/file/window managers, internet browser, etc.

So, to address your specifics concerns:

LightDM appears as a service on my installation and is a 'Window Manager'

False, LightDM is a Display Manager.

how is this related to Compiz, which is also a Window Manager but not a service?

Have nothing in common. Both have different functions. Compiz is a window composer, window decorator, a window manager.

Is Metacity also a Window Manager?

Yes.

Then there comes Gnome 3, Unity, Gnome Shell and Gnome - all of which seem to be different things.

Gnome 3, Gnome Shell and Gnome are terms used colloquially as the same thing. Unity is totally different. Unity is another shell opposed to Gnome/3/Shell. Gnome 3 Shell has been commonly called as Gnome Shell in the past, right now saying GNOME, GNOME 3 Desktop Environment or Gnome Shell carry the same meaning.


Pogoplug software installation and a startup error with ubuntu 12.04 on a macbook

You could try to review the report, though it probably won't make much sense to a regular user. Make sure, the system is fully updated, as updates provide bug fixes and stability improvements. The ultimate solution, if nothing else helps, is to disable the error reporting service. To do that, open a terminal window (Ctrl + Alt + F1), and run :

gksu gedit /etc/default/apport

Change enabled=1 to enabled=0, save and exit.
The pogopluginstall.tar.gz file you've downloaded is not intended for the Software Center. Rightclick it, and select Extract here. That will extract the actual setup file, pogoplugfswhich is a command line utility for mounting the pogoplug file system. You can see what it does by running ./pogoplugfs --help.

Actual Setup

First, create the Pogoplug folder in your home. We'll use it as a mount point in a moment.
Then open a terminal window, and run:

./pogoplugfs --user <your@emailaddress> --password <your password>` --mountpoint /home/pepper/Pogoplug

If all goes well, your pogoplug files should now be available through the Pogoplug folder.


Correct Russian keyboard layout: Toshiba M70-350 + Xubuntu 14.04

This is a pure guess, but you may want to give it a try:

Install the ibus-m17n package, log out and log in again. That way a few more Russian input sources become available. Possibly some of those fits your laptop better.


Second Monitor not Displaying on Boot up

Not sure if this is related but I had a similar problem with lenovo w500 laptop and red hat.  My problem was that graphics adaptor has a bios option to conserve battery but only works in windows.  Had to enable offboard graphics adaptor full to get it to work.  very difficult to tell if this applies to you.   Might try posting more info from system log and PC specs.


How to boot Ubuntu 14.04 from usb on Zenbook UX31A?

I'm not familiar with that model but please check BIOS setup again for these things:
1) Boot order
2) Something like "Allow displaying boot choice menu" or similar.
3) Pay attention also if there is possibly any choice like "allow booting from other/external media".

To really switch off you may need to press power switch more than 5 seconds continuous.
Sometimes last resource if everything else fails: Battery out and back to place to make sure there is not some small piece of software still running which will autoboot Windows only.


Startup script sometimes fails - rc.local virtual machine

Try adding a 10 second pause before the script command. Sometimes rc.local runs too soon....

Example:

...
# By default this script does nothing.
sleep 10
python <path-to-my-script> &
exit 0


How to Integrate Nautilus with a Repository?

If you want to install in Ubuntu like you do in Fedora, then I recommend you to switch distro to Fedora. Both use a fundamentally different package management system. The package management system in use is for some people a reason to choose a certain distribution. I cannot imagine how you were able to add the Fedora repository to Ubuntu. The question "Is it safe" can be answered with certainty with "No". The only thing that can happen here is that you break your system.
The way you describe "integrating nautilus with a repository" suggests that you want to browse files in the repository with nautilus file manager. Nautilus indeed allows to setup network connections through its graphical interface, and supports a number of protocols. You can see the supported protocols clicking the question mark icon in the "Connect to server" field that you see when navigating to "Other locations" in nautilus. The server you want to connect to must, of course, allow you to connect using one of the supported protocols.


openvpn: error while loading shared libraries: libssl.so.1.0.0

So you have OpenVPN not installed through Ubuntu's repositories. You likely installed a version manually at some point.

Remove the old, local, version with sudo rm -f /usr/local/sbin/openvpn
Install from the repositories with sudo apt install openvpn

The first command removes the binary, which is probably compiled against old version of OpenSSL. The second command ensures that you have the latest version of OpenVPN from Ubuntu repositories installed.

All software provided through the standard repositories land in /usr. Software installed manually from source tends to end up in /usr/local. This is a convention - to keep separate things separate. This is a feature - but can be confusing to new users. whereis command locates all instances of this filename in your path - in your case showing that you have multiple versions installed.
apt policy shows information about what's installed and what's available in the repositories, thus verifying that the version installed is in fact the newest, and not left over from before a upgrade.


How do I use Compiz's "Scale Window Title Filter"?

Scale Window Title Filter is part of the compiz-plugins-extra package.

Install this package:

sudo apt-get install compiz-plugins-extra

And then Scale Window Title Filter will show up as a plugin in CompizConfig Settings Manager.


The best way and most difficult for any intruder is to use LVM and a separate USB key to store the key data for auto decryption.

This answer is very close to what I have asked

https://askubuntu.com/a/90911/37108

But there are other ways to achieve what I need without a separate USB key but pointed out that it is very easy to hijack grub and boot into root with full access.


Modification of US-Internation keyboard layout

I found solution!
After editing

/usr/share/X11/xkb/symblos/us

I needed to edit files

/usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.xml
/usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.xml

Add lines in both files under section

  <layoutList>
      <layout>
          <configItem>
              <name>us</name>
              <shortDescription>en</shortDescription>
              <description>English (US)</description>
              <languageList>
                  <iso639Id>eng</iso639Id>
              </languageList>
          </configItem>
          <variantList>
              <variant>
                  <configItem>
                      <name>uni-intl</name>
                      <description>English (US, UNIm-95 international with dead keys</description>
                  </configItem>
              </variant>

Here you can get my us, base.xml, evdev.xml

us
base.xml
evdev.xml


How to determine if you're connected via wifi or ethernet on Ubuntu Server?

I believe I found a solution. I installed network-manager via apt and ran:
nmcli radio wifi off

And to turn back on:
nmcli radio wifi on


What is the usual boot time on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS?

The boot time depends on several parameters:

The HW of your computer

CPU
Disk (SSD?)
RAM

The software installed on your computer.

Please share the output of systemd-analyze blame so we'll be able to help you identify if there are some un-needed software which can be removed/updated which will reduce the boot time


Error when trying to start ubuntu software center

This Will NOT Help You Fix Your Software Center Problem, But It WILL Get Google Chrome Installed.

Download the .deb Google Chrome File. 32 bit or 64 bit (Depending On Your Operating System Version). To Find What Version You Have Search For "Details" In The Dash. You should see something that says "OS Type". It will tell you 32 bit or 64 bit. Download the according file. Install GDebi Package Manager Using This Command: sudo apt-get install gdebi . Navigate To Your Downloaded .deb file in your downloads. Right Click On It And Select Open With Gdebi Package Installer. In Gdebi Click Install Package. Once It Finishes, Search For Google Chrome In The Dash. It Should Be There.
Hope This Helps!


Probably the best way to do it would be to make a backup of your files with a backup tool, (personally I like mintbackup), and then install ubuntu 12.10. Then once it is installed simply restore your old files and re-install your programs.  This method is not a true upgrade, but it is a lot faster, (the iso is compressed) and safer too.

As a side note you might want to make sure you like the unity interface, the old gnome one is no longer installed as an option. (Although you can install it later, I think.)

Hope this helps!

References:

How to upgrade, (For linuxmint, but a lot of it is still relevant)
Why you shouldn't skip over a release when upgrading

P.S. If you could provide more details about why you cannot upgrade it would make it easier for people to answer. :)


There's a bit of a missconception. The TLS Version offered is not related to the package version. Also, to prevent clients from using a certain version of TLS, you need to tell the server application not to offer that TLS version to any given client.


How to access files of Windows using bootable Ubuntu flash drive

You should have all mountable drives shown in the Launcher and/or in Nautilus' side bar.

Just click on the Windows drive (probably labelled WIN or WINDOWS or whatever) and it will be automatically mounted, if possible. Cases in which mounting a Windows partition is impossible include:

If the installed Windows is hibernated rather than fully shut down, the partition will have a flag telling so. mount.ntfs may refuse to mount the drive.
If the partition is encrypted, you either can't mount it or can't read from it.

There may be other cases in which a Windows drive remains unmountable, but these two are the most common problems.


Accessing Network through/with Active Directory (network authentication, printers, etc)

There's a good article on setting up an ubuntu client to print to a networked windows printer at http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/linux-printing.html

The article is a few years old (2009) but the procedure should be mostly the same with maybe a few minor differences.


Will I be able to install Ubuntu Tablet on my Hipstreet Titan tablet?

At this time, only two tablets are officially supported and they are Nexus 7 and Nexus 10. However, community members have made Ubuntu run on other devices. Since Ubuntu Touch shares drivers with Android, it should be possible, but it probably won't be easy. And Ubuntu Tablet is nowhere near ready for end-user use. It's not supposed to be.

The short answer to your question is that at this point, you probably won't be able to install Ubuntu on your device. It is theoretically possible, but it would require a lot of work and it will be anything but simple. In the long term, I think there's a good chance someone will enable you to install Ubuntu on it, but only time can tell.


Ubuntu 16.04 do not boot after installation

It looks like you've got an EFI/UEFI-mode Ubuntu installation to a Master Boot Record (MBR) disk. This is unusual -- unusual enough that it may be causing problems. The usual configuration for an EFI-mode installation is to use the GUID Partition Table (GPT), not MBR.

With EFI-mode booting, the boot loader is stored as a file on the EFI System Partition (ESP; your /dev/sda4), and a reference to that file is stored in NVRAM. I've done very little testing with this, but some computers seem to "forget" that NVRAM entry when using MBR, and there's evidence that this is what's happening on your system -- if you search for efibootmgr in your Boot Repair output, you'll see that the critical ubuntu entry is missing from some of its runs, which implies that the ubuntu entry is not "taking."

If I'm right, then converting your partition table from MBR to GPT and re-running Boot Repair might fix the problem. This conversion is fairly simple and can be done with my gdisk tool, which comes standard with Ubuntu. See the gdisk documentation for details:

http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/mbr2gpt.html

Note that this conversion, although quick, is not entirely risk-free. The risk is fairly low, but if something goes wrong, it will go badly wrong and could easily result in the loss of a lot of data. Thus, if you have important data on the disk, you should back it up before you do this conversion. (See below for another reason to perform such a backup.)

Unfortunately, some EFIs are buggy and can't remember their boot loader settings even on GPT disks. This was common in 2011-2013, but is less common on more recent computers. If your system is so afflicted, you'll need to implement a workaround, as covered in far too many questions and answers here:

efibootmanager -o changes are lost on reboot
Windows 8 removes Grub as default boot manager
How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?)

One more point: Your /dev/sda2 is NTFS. It doesn't look this this partition is bootable. Using NTFS on an Ubuntu-only installation is inadvisable because there are no good NTFS maintenance tools for Ubuntu, which means that when (note: when, not if) the NTFS partition needs repair, you'll have to jump through tedious extra hoops to fix it. Thus, unless that partition is actually a bootable Windows installation, I strongly suggest that you back it up, convert it to a native Linux filesystem, and restore it. If it is a bootable Windows installation, converting the whole disk to GPT will render it unbootable, at least unless and until you install an EFI-mode Windows boot loader on the computer. Thus, if you're still booting Windows from this partition, you may want to go with a solution other than the MBR-to-GPT conversion I've suggested, such as installing a BIOS-mode boot loader for Ubuntu on the disk.


Unable create a custom keyboard shortcut in 12.04

Just click directly on the word "disabled" and it will change to "New accelerator...". Then press the key combination you would like to use for that command. From the help comment at the bottom of keyboard / shortcuts window:

"To edit a shortcut, click the row and hold down the new keys or press Backspace to clear"


Grub menu entries are auto-generated by sudo update-grub. Have you tried to run it ? Doesn't it suite your needs ?

Otherwise, you can use /etc/grub.d/40_custom to add your custom entries. And then run sudo update-grub to update /boot/grub/grub.cfg.

You can however edit manually /boot/grub/grub.cfg to delete an entry. But your change will be lost the next time update-grub will be run by you or automatically by ubuntu when there is a kernel upgrade.


18.04 LTS Samba error 'net usershare' returned error 255

I don't know why that would happen to you if you are the only user but it appears you are not a member of the right group. So add your user name to the sambashare group:

sudo gpasswd -a david sambashare

You will need to logoff and log on again for group membership to take affect.


If you're not having any luck with Ubuntu Network Manager then you might want to try a manual configuration.

The one thing that missing from your wireless info is your wpa_supplicant.conf file, which should contain the following lines:

network={
  ssid="your-wifi-network"
  psk="xxxxxx"
}

You also need to add a line in /etc/network/interfaces to point to your wpa_supplicant.conf file:

wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

Once done reboot or restart networking service and this should be enough to associated with an AP. Let me know if you're still struggling...


You have to install burg themes

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:n-muench/burg
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install burg-themes

If you want to setup a custom theme, i followed this tutorial that worked for me: http://develop.alpdesigns.ch/pages/ubuntu/brug-and-theme-configuration.html


internet says it is connected but it doesn't work

It seems that you are using wireless ,for using wireless in ubuntu you must install wireless driver first.
press alt+f2 and type driver and choose hardware driver (additional hardware driver).then active the last one.
cheerz


I found a very similar example that blocks packets of a specified length. Here, the packet length to block is 401 to 65535.

iptables -A PREROUTING -p udp --destination-port 27015 -m length --length 401:65535 -j DROP

EDIT:

If you just want to get the IPs, you can run the following command to have the IP addresses print in the terminal when they show up:

sudo tcpdump -n -i wlp2s0 dst port 27015 -l 2>&1 | grep length | awk -F'[ .]' -v OFS="." '$NF >= 401 { print $4,$5,$6,$7 }'

This example is for wireless interface wlp2s0 so change this to the correct device like eth0 or whatever your network device is.

You can use this line as a script but it doesn't seem to behave well in a "for loop" or with extra pipes after this.


How to ssh into raspberry pi via ethernet

By default, the pi is configured to pick-up an IP address via a DHCP server. So somewhere in the network there has to be a DHCP server running. If you're trying to connect the two devices directly via a single ethernet cable, then your network IS the single cable, which means that you need to install a DHCP server on the laptop end. I would not recommend this, because if your laptop is normally connected to another network, then the DHCP server would need to be specifically configured to listen ONLY on the ethernet port that you plan to use to connect with.

If your PC[laptop] is normally connected to a network, then is there some reason that you can't just connect your pi to that same network?

Without more info, I'm assuming your PC is connected to your network via WiFi (which is why you have an open Ethernet port that you think you can just use to connect the pi to?). If you are using WiFi, then more than likely that WiFi router also has LAN ethernet ports (usually blue in color). Just plug your pi directly into the router via a standard ethernet cable. The WiFi router will then provide the pi with an IP address via DHCP.

Now at this point, you might get lucky, and your router is setup to do local hostname resolution; so from your laptop, open an SSH client, and in the hostname/IP address box just type: raspberrypi and try to connect.

If that works, great, if not, then you'll need to login to your router to determine what IP address was assigned to the pi.

This is usually done via web interface, so just point your browser to: http://192.168.1.1 [if that doesn't work, then you'll need to know the IP address for your default gateway, and use that instead. Most of the time it's: 192.168.1.1, 192.168.0.1, or 10.0.0.1]

When you do so, you'll get prompted for a username/password from the router. If you've never done this before, that info is usually printed on the router itself. Once you're logged in, then look for something like "connected devices". That should give you a list of device names and the IP address each has been assigned. Look for raspberrypi, and write down the IP address, then use that on your laptop to connect to the pi.

If you provide the make/model of your router, I can give you more detailed instructions.


I had encountered the same problem when I installed Ubuntu. The steps in the following comment helped me solve the issue: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-driver/+bug/1648183/comments/17

Install alsa-tools if not installed:
sudo apt install alsa-tools

Create and save a script in /usr/local/bin:
#!/bin/bash
hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x20 SET_COEF_INDEX 0x67
hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x20 SET_PROC_COEF 0x3000

Run the script as root in a terminal to immediately fix the problem.

To run the script on startup, use cron with the @reboot command:
sudo crontab -e

and then add line in crontab:
@reboot [full path to script]

To run script on resume from suspend, copy the script to /lib/systemd/system-sleep


Can't install Filezilla "filezilla: Depends: filezilla-common (= 3.25.1-1~getdeb1) but 3.25.1-1~getdeb1 is to be installed"

It's difficult to write a good answer because I don't know how badly you have messed up your system.  But, the goal is to get rid of the getdeb ppa you have added, and install Filezilla from the official repos.

This warning

 Target Packages (apps/binary-amd64/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb.list:2 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb.list:5

probably means that you've added the getdeb ppa more than once.  This is the first thing that needs to be fixed.

Open "Software and Updates" and click the "Other Software" tab.  Now look for duplicate entries in the list of ppas that have checkmarks besides them.  Uncheck all entries that are related to the getdeb ppa.  Enter your password when required.

When you are done, click Close. A box will pop up telling you that you need to refresh the software sources.  Click the Reload button.  If you get errors at this point, something is still wrong with the list of ppas.  Go back and fix the list.

Once you have completed this part of the task, you need to remove any software that actually got installed from these ppas, if any.  For the sake of brevity, I will assume that none did.

Now that your list of software sources is fixed, you can install Filezilla using sudo apt install filezilla

If your system is more messed up than I assumed, come back and edit your question to include any additional error messages that you received.


No sound from external subwoofer "Sonic Master" on an Asus N76VM

to get the subwoofer
I added on the file /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf this line:

options snd-hda-intel model=asus-mode4

then rebooted and selected 2.1 output in audio pref. It should work right away :) got this information from Keyboard backlight not working on an Asus N56V

hope it helped!


There already is a keyboard shortcut that lets you see the desktop. It is just mapped to Ctrl + Alt + D. If you wish, you can remap it to Meta + D.

Search for Keyboard settings. Open Shortcuts tab. Move to Navigation. Scroll down until you see the option Hide all normal windows. Double click on it and press Meta + D. Now, Meta + D will show you the desktop from now on.

What are the meta, super, and hyper keys?


Installing NVidia GeForce 1070TX Graphics Card in HP OMEN-17-w250tx (Linux) without login loop issue

I have the HP OMEN 17-an051ur laptop.
When I trying to install Ubuntu v18.04; v17.10; v16.04 - they do not work correctly.
Only the Ubuntu v14.04 good work with this model of laptop. You need to install all drivers (download from internet) for support video and sound hardware.
In my laptop use discreet video-card: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050.


I want to use the blue jack as my headphones

Try to type this command: pulseaudio -D

Then open your bashrc , type Leafpad .bashrc scroll down and write:

pulseaudio-d
clear


What packages are and aren't available in Ubuntu Touch

My understanding is that by default, the filesystem is read-only and thus you can't run apt-get, gem, npm, or any other tool that modifies the system portion of the filesystem.

However, there is a way (I don't remember exactly, it has something to do with writing to a special file) to make the filesystem writeable and then you should be able to use any command-line tool you would be able to use on the regular Ubuntu desktop.

There is a reason though that it is read-only by default - to enable the use of Ubuntu Touch's image-based updates, which is a super-efficient way to only download a known set of changes, and should be much faster than apt-get update and apt-get diet-upgrade. I don't know whether this would work if you make the file system writable and if it doesn't work how you would then update your device.


Install package ubuntu-restricted-extras:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

then run:

sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

to install libdvdcss2 library, that is not included in offical repos due to legal reasons. Now all DVD movies should play like a charm.


Function keys are not working on Samsung NP300

While cleaning the keyboard, you would have pressed Fn Lock button which is next to the F12 button so the function keys are locked, press it again; it will unlock the function keys so that you can use the function key properly.


i did a tcptraceroute 87.106.64.11 80 and its definitely my server that is blocking the port. At some point in the trace i got this:

s18132051.onlinehome-server.info (87.106.64.11) [closed]

So i reset my ip tables, and that did the trick.

So either there where some hidden rule in the table, or iptable -L did not give me all rules. I will mark this as the answer as it fixes the problem.
I would still love to hear, how come i didn't get any blocking rules when doing iptables -L


Your question is more about remapping mouse buttons than keyboard buttons, right ? I think ImWheel can remap several devices. I use it and have a writeup here: http://www.gdargaud.net/Hack/LinuxMouse.html


Screen turns blank while installing Ubuntu 12.04 from a DVD

I guess there is problem with DVD.  Try using pendrive/USB for installation or try to install on some other computer with same DVD to confirm that DVD is working properly.


libparted bug found, ërror input/output error during read on /dev/sdb

I highly recommend making a backup of your data before proceeding further.

A message such as libparted bug found, error input/output error during read on /dev/sdb indicates that a hardware issue was encountered.  The problem could be as simple as a loose cable, or as serious as a failing hard drive.

When the error occurs, you can try entering the dmesg command in a terminal window and see if the tail of the output contains any indications of problems with drive /dev/sdb.

You might also try downloading hard drive testing software from the HDD manufacturer web site and running it on the drive.  Be forewarned that sometimes this testing software might overwrite your drive so be sure to have a backup first.


copying the contents of a directory from Downloads to /etc

~ refers to the home directory (in your case /home/advenio/). The place you want to copy it to is /etc/vim/colors

Try the command sudo cp ~/Downloads/path_to_colors/colors/* /etc/vim/colors


How can I setup a remote desktop connection?

Have you tried remmina? I run it off my Ubuntu box at work to connect to Windows Servers and I haven't had any issues with it.

Link -> http://community.linuxmint.com/software/view/remmina


´Solved it, after a lot of searching.

Apparently it works when I press CTRL + Fn + F7 during the booting process.

No Idea why actually, but it works.


I have the same problem, I can see from your post it's since October 2013, hope it's not too late.

This post should solve your problem (theoretically), it didn't solve my problem however I have seen others who posted success results for applying that solution, worth trying.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DigitalAC-3Pulseaudio

After installing the AC3 plugin, you will need to keep pavucontrol up. That's right - Just don't close it.

Select one of the two Digital Surround 5.1 profile options (one includes Analog input) under the built-in audio section under the configuration tab of pavucontrol then DON'T CLOSE that app, you will get working 5.1 audio in all other programs.

If you close it, you won't get the surround sound.


physical block size is 2048 bytes Linux says it is 512 bytes

I had a similar issue with an 2GB USB Drive. This fixed my problem:

$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=2048 count=32 && sync

32+0 records in
32+0 records out
65536 bytes (66 kB, 64 KiB) copied, 0.0298155 s, 2.2 MB/s

The solution is from this issue: https://superuser.com/a/1153220/601084


libapt-front doesn't exist anymore in 16.04. I think that latest version is Ubuntu 10.04.


do-release-upgrade -d authentication problem

I had the same problem like the original poster and found out it was a missing (not logged) gpg key. For information my installed system is really old was updated through the years from a 13.10 installation so I guess that's why there were some public key problems.
First I checked the two files with apt-key verify focal.tar.gz.gpg focal.tar.gz
Which showed me that there was a key missing to check the signature.
In case you don't have this files in your tmp folder you can just download them and make the verification:
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal-updates/main/dist-upgrader-all/current/focal.tar.gz
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal-updates/main/dist-upgrader-all/current/focal.tar.gz.gpg
gpgv: Signature made jeu. 03 sept. 2020 15:23:39 CEST
gpgv:                using RSA key 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
gpgv: Good signature from "Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key (2012) ftpmaster@ubuntu.com"
gpgv: Signature made jeu. 03 sept. 2020 15:23:39 CEST
gpgv:                using RSA key 871920D1991BC93C
gpgv: Can't check signature: No public key

I then added the missing public key via: sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 871920D1991BC93C
The update was functioning properly afterwards.


installing 7zip from terminal not working?

p7zip and p7zip-full command-line programs use the Archive Manager application as a GUI front-end. Archive Manager is installed by default in Ubuntu. You can open Archive Manager from the Dash or by right-clicking a compressed archive and from the popup context menu selecting Open With Archive Manager.


I solved problem with installing Catalyst driver using this tutorial.
It seems like correct way to install all dependencies including lib32gcc1 is:

sudo apt-get install build-essential cdbs dh-make dkms execstack dh-modaliases linux-headers-generic fakeroot libqtgui4 lib32gcc1


SSH key-based login succeeds without unlocking private key, what gives?

Judging by the output of ssh-copy-id, it appears that you have two private/public keypairs on your local machine.  I'm guessing that one is protected by a passphrase and the other isn't.  You were prompted for the passphrase for one of them but, due to cancelling the prompt, it was not decrypted.  It then used the plaintext key for authentication and worked.
If you look in your ~/.ssh directory, how many files look like id_SOMETHING without the .pub extension?  I'm guessing you have two and if you perform head -n 1 /path/to/private_key one will say encrypted and the other will not.


Ubuntu 18.04 Static IP with NetPlan require reboot

I had the same issue with my machine.
It was an issue with the renderer, it is documented that Ubuntu server should come with networkd but in my machine (Ubuntu Server 18.04) the network manager that installed is network-manager so I changed the renderer to NetworkManager and it started to work again.

You can check if network-manager is installed by sudo service network-manager status.

I still don't know why network-manager is installed instead of networkd but at least it is working for me now.


How to get information about BIOS from terminal?

From man biosdecode:

NAME
       biosdecode - BIOS information decoder

SYNOPSIS
       biosdecode [OPTIONS]

DESCRIPTION
       biosdecode  parses  the  BIOS memory and prints information about all structures (or entry points) it knows of.

Here is sample output from terminal:

$ sudo biosdecode
# biosdecode 2.12
ACPI 1.0 present.
    OEM Identifier: INTEL
    RSD Table 32-bit Address: 0x3F6FD038
PNP BIOS 1.0 present.
    Event Notification: Not Supported
    Real Mode 16-bit Code Address: F000:B824
    Real Mode 16-bit Data Address: 0040:0000
    16-bit Protected Mode Code Address: 0x000FB82F
    16-bit Protected Mode Data Address: 0x00000400
    OEM Device Identifier: SST2400
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
    Structure Table Length: 1270 bytes
Structure Table Address: 0x000E44F0
Number Of Structures: 27
Maximum Structure Size: 152 bytes

Use sudo dmidecode for a more detailed output on System Management BIOS & Desktop Management Interface


Installing Ubuntu alongside Windows 10 on an ASUS UX330UA

I have now figured out this issue, by changing the USB drive to GPT format.


How do I install Ubuntu Software Centre application?

Since you are not sure what you deleted, I suggest you to run sudo apt-get purge software-center to clear all files it left over. Then, you can reinstall from scratch by running sudo apt-get install software-center.

Regarding the history of changes, there is a log file called .bash_history in your home folder which show the history of the commands you run in the terminal. This is a hidden file so in order to see it you need to press Ctrl+H. This can give you hints of what you deleted.


Getting xsession-errors after Unity Lens install

As far as I can tell all those are mostly harmless.  The call method errors happen to me every time as well, but the scopes/lenses are still working.  I suspect they just take a bit to start.  The missing icons are interesting and I've been trying to track that one down without any success.  However, the dash looks fine to me, including icons.

So in summary, I think this is all safe to ignore.  The missing icons might be a bug and I will file it as soon as I can figure out what's going on in more details.

Edit: bug filed for the missing icons:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity-lens-applications/+bug/932212

I hope to post a patch to it today.


Not able to access other drives except the c drive

Window may not be getting totally shutdown, if you want to access other drives, try restarting the system and then switch to ubuntu. Restarting totally shutdown the windows


Installing Ubuntu Server from Desktop ISO

The Desktop installer is designed to rely for the most part on packages put on the ISO for the desktop edition including the GUI. It is not designed to install the GUI-less Server edition.

You have two real options here:

Install the Desktop edition, then install server after wards and strip out the GUI packages.
Download and install with the Server ISO.  This will provide server packages on the ISO and the ability to select additional server packages to install and configure.

You don't really have other options here - unless you want a hybrid of Desktop/Server.


I still don't know what happened, but a first attempt to fix this was to go to System Settings | Global Theme and then changing the theme to Dark Breeze then back to Kubuntu.
However this solution didn't last long: after rebooting, the GTK2 theme was lost again.
Then I finally found out where the GTK2/3 theme settings have been moved (thanks to this answer), that is under System Settings | Application Style, then Configure GNOME/GTK Application Style ... button: there, the GTK2 theme was set to blank (I don't know why), I set it to Breeze. This change fixed the problem for now, it even survived a reboot, I will monitor it to see whether it will last.


Removing Windows 8 SysKey encryption password

Yes, you can use Ubuntu.

First you need to install chntpw, in a terminal type:

sudo apt-get install chntpw

Once Ubuntu is loaded, mount your windows partition (usually it will auto mount if you are in a file manager and click on it's icon).
The newly mounted drive will likely be mounted to a point with the following path:

/media/<your user name>/<your drives name>

In a terminal use the cd command to navigate tot the above directory and then cd again to navigate to

Windows/System32/config

Now run:

sudo chntpw -l SAM


(Dummy answer so I can (hopefully) mark the question as solved. I ticked a box in Gnome Keyring to automatically unlock the key on log in.)


To find out your CPU Architecture, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

cat /proc/cpuinfo

And you will see this:

If it says 48 bits virtual, the its 64bit capable, otherwise it will say 32 bits virtual

To find out your if the CD you have is 32bit or 64bit do:

Look in the CD for a folder called .disk

Inside that folder there is a file called info

The contents of that file will show you the right Architecture 32bit or 64bit


Ubuntu 19.04 Revelation password manager

If you want to open it you can temporarily install revelation by adding the following line to your /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

Install revelation

sudo apt-get install revelation

Open your file, export the data and import it to whatever you like. Afterwards, purge revelation again and do

sudo apt autoremove

Alternatively, keep using revelation once installed.


I have facing flicker and flashing in screen recorded video with ubuntu 16.4 dell laptop

The video link you provided does not work for me. Can you fix that please?

Are you running Xorg or Wayland? If you are on Wayland I don't think screen recording is possible except by using a tool specific to your compositor.

For Xorg, have you tried to add the TearFree option to your Xorg config as follows? In the file /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf:

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
    Driver      "intel"
    # attempting to solve screen recording glitches
    Option      "TearFree"  "true"
EndSection

Source

Another option to attempt is using the modesetting driver instead of the intel one. Define an Xorg config like this one in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-graphics.conf:

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
    Driver      "modesetting"
    Option      "AccelMethod"    "glamor"
EndSection

Source

Sorry for all the questions but I don't have sufficient reputation to comment your question.

On some Linux distributions, you might need to change /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/ to /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/ as identified in the comments.


Mouse drags/selects instead of just clicking (like if I had not released the button), only for VirtualBox program

Had the same problem recently, both in Virtualbox and Nixnote2 (also a Qt app). Only thing that helped was logging off and back on again.


Is it possible to create a ramdisk of more than 4 gb in a 32bit system?

Yes. It looks like you can: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-create-linux-ram-disk-filesystem/  You would have to find the device names of the extra RAM and then follow that tutorial or one that is similar.


How can I sync files when I plug in my USB

Opps I think I created a duplicate post of this topic found here.


I can't remove VSFTPD from the boot system in Kubuntu 14.04

I'm sorry for sharing link, but this question was asked in StackExchange in past: link to question

Please let us know if it's hepled you. Following by your description you are on 14.04 and it still using initd, that's true for this answer in serverfault.


Error when installing clipgrab on Trusty

This looks like bad packaging on the part of the PPA maintainer, and no fault on your part. I would contact the maintainer and notify him/her of this, and to either:

add ffmpeg as a Conflicts,
rename this binary, or
not include this binary (if it is the same as the one in ffmpeg).


kubuntu 13.10 how to remove firefox installer

Q: how can I remove the Firefox installer from menu.

A: Quick

sudo apt-get purge kubuntu-firefox-installer

If you don't want to remove the package - You could edit the KDE menu with the KDE menu editor: http://docs.kde.org/development/en/kde-workspace/kmenuedit/index.html

A: More information

kubuntu-desktop

The metapackage: http://packages.ubuntu.com/saucy/kubuntu-desktop is recommending the package: kubuntu-firefox-installer

More of the metapackages: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MetaPackages

kubuntu-firefox-installer

The package: http://packages.ubuntu.com/saucy/kubuntu-firefox-installer is adding the option to install the Firefox to the Kubuntu 13.10.

:~$ apt-cache show kubuntu-firefox-installer
Package: kubuntu-firefox-installer
Priority: extra
Section: universe/kde
...
Description: Mozilla Firefox installer for Kubuntu
 Enables easy installation of Mozilla Firefox on Kubuntu, via a graphical user
 interface and menu entry.
...
Origin: Ubuntu
Task: kubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-full, kubuntu-active-desktop, kubuntu-active-full

If you remove the kubuntu-firefox-installer then the menu entry will be removed.


How to repair a edited file in /usr/gnome-shell/share/ theme/ in root mode

The most straightforward solution will be to reinstall its gnome-shell-common package from simple terminal session (Ctrl+Alt+F3):

sudo apt-get install --reinstall gnome-shell-common

to revert file to the default contents.


Redirecting output to std output or /dev/null depending on optional parameter

I'd definitely suggest using bash's getopts for processing any command line options - there's a Small getopts tutorial at wiki.bash-hackers.org which I found very helpful.

For the output redirection, instead of storing the file descriptor(s), you can just conditionally redirect the stream(s) before the body of your script or (possibly more cleanly), just close the stream(s) using exec n>&- where n is the numeric file descriptor of the stream (1 = stdout, 2 = stderr).

IMHO it would be more natural to keep output when the command is run with no arguments, and have a -q (quiet) option to dump output to /dev/null - for example

#!/bin/bash

while getopts ":q" opt; do
  case $opt in
    q)
      quiet=1
      ;;
    \?)
      echo "Invalid option: -$OPTARG" >&2
      ;;
  esac
done

if [ "${quiet:-0}" -ne 0 ]; then
   exec 1>&- 2>&-
fi

#
# remainder of your script here
#

If you're convinced you want to do the opposite (i.e. send stdout and stderr to /dev/null by default) then you can flip the logic.


Well, if you are going to be using it for developing or "special" things, go with 14.04. If you want all the new features or speed (particularly for playing games or other) you should get 15.10.


Nvidia Optimus on 14.04 overheating, screen tearing

For intel support run the following commands to install the opensource intel-graphics-installer

If you don't have gdebi I recommend installing deb packages with gdebi to fix dependency issues that may arrise:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install gdebi

now download the installer from 01.org

wget https://download.01.org/gfx/ubuntu/14.04/main/pool/main/i/intel-linux-graphics-installer/intel-linux-graphics-installer_1.0.6-0intel1_amd64.deb

make the deb executable and install using gdebi:

sudo chmod +x intel-linux-graphics-installer_1.0.6-0intel1_amd64.deb
sudo gdebi intel-linux-graphics-installer_1.0.6-0intel1_amd64.deb

Now, to run the installer just use the following command:

intel-linux-graphics-installer

reboot for your changes to take effect.

More info about Intel Open Source Technologies can be found here

https://01.org

and here

https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/2014/intelr-graphics-installer-1.0.6-linux

The following is mostly adapted from http://www.webupd8.org/2014/04/prevent-your-laptop-from-overheating.html

Next, for Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge CPUs, you can enable intel pstate:

gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

And for "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=" , add "intel_pstate=enable", like this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash intel_pstate=enable"

Make sure to update grub before you reboot:

sudo update-grub

To check to see if it's running after reboot, use the following command:

cpupower frequency-info

If Intel Pstate is not enabled after following the steps above, it most probably means that your CPU doesn't support intel_pstate so you should disable it (simply remove "intel_pstate=enable" from /etc/default/grub and run "sudo update-grub").

Linux Thermal Daemon (thermald) is a tool developed by Intel's Open Source Technology Center which monitors and controls the CPU temperature, preventing it from overheating.
To install thermald just use the following command:

sudo apt-get install thermald

thermald supports Sandy Bridge and newer chipsets but may not properly support Haswell

More info:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/PowerManagement/ThermalIssues

https://01.org/linux-thermal-daemon/documentation/introduction-thermal-daemon

http://www.webupd8.org/2014/04/prevent-your-laptop-from-overheating.html

Another tool you can use to help prevent overheating and to save power on battery is TLP.
More info on TLP can be found here http://www.webupd8.org/2013/04/improve-power-usage-battery-life-in.html

To install TLP just add the PPA and run the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install tlp tlp-rdw

Configuration for TLP is at /etc/default/tlp to edit this file, use your favorite text editor like gedit

sudo gedit /etc/default/tlp

To start TLP the first time, just run

sudo tlp start

or

sudo service tlp start

TLP can be used in combination or along with intel_pstate and thermald

Additionally, make sure your hardware sensors are detecting temperatures properly.

sudo apt-get install lm-sensors

Then, run the following command to detect sensors and follow the instructions carefully.

sudo sensors-detect

To check your sensors run the following command

watch sensors

There is also a very useful appindicator related to lmsensors that provides realtime temps called psensor that can be installed with the following commands (however, lmsensors must be set up first)

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:jfi/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install psensor

More info on psensor can be found here

http://wpitchoune.net/blog/psensor/ubuntu-integration/

Furthermore, the prime-indicator will allow you to switch from nvidia to intel or intel to nvidia with the click of a mouse http://www.webupd8.org/2014/01/prime-indicator-lets-you-quickly-switch.html

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install prime-indicator

or download the deb from here http://ppa.launchpad.net/nilarimogard/webupd8/ubuntu/pool/main/p/prime-indicator/

I also recommend using synaptic to search for all the openGL support available for your setup (nvidia and intel) there are hundreds of packages not included with the standard installation that provide the hardware acceleration you are currently missing without the directx support received from windows. Just pay attention to any packages "to be uninstalled" when you are applying changes to make sure you don't break your installation by inadvertently removing something you need.

sudo apt-get install synaptic

and to run synaptic

sudo synaptic

Finally, I suggest taking a look at this post concerning screen tearing:

Terrible screen tearing on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS with Nvidia proprietary driver

and also this post on nvidia optimus support that may solve the tearing issue

How do I get switchable graphics to work on my Samsung RF711 With Intel HD & GeForce 540M Graphics cards on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (the answer for installing "nvidia prime")

http://www.webupd8.org/2013/08/using-nvidia-graphics-drivers-with.html

and

http://www.webupd8.org/2013/12/more-work-to-support-nvidia-optimus.html

and for VDPAU and VAAPI intel hardware acceleration, see here:

http://www.webupd8.org/2013/09/adobe-flash-player-hardware.html

and here:

https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=166593


Parenthesis limit the scope of an action. In this case it applies the median filter to just this input image, and then does something with that. You can read more about this in the manual (scroll down to Image Stack) and here's the extract:

  In school, your teacher probably permitted you to work on problems on a scrap of paper and then copy the results to your test paper. An image stack is similar. It permits you to work on an image or image sequence in isolation and subsequently introduce the results back into the command line. The image stack is delineated with parenthesis. Image operators only affect images in the current stack.


Reinstalling is probably the easiest way to get a system that is not encrypted.

You select it at the installer's partitioning page, 'Installation type'. Select the option you want

either an 'automatic' alternative
or the manual partitioning, 'Something else'

You should avoid the alternative LVM with encryption, 'Encrypt the new Ubuntu installation for security'.


How to have a path containing spaces in PATH?

It's not the definition you're having issues with, it's the use.You need to wrap wherever you're using the variable in quotes. See this example:

oli@bert:~/Music$ export B="$HOME/Music/Yeah Yeah Yeahs/"
oli@bert:~/Music$ cd $B
-bash: cd: /home/oli/Music/Yeah: No such file or directory
oli@bert:~/Music$ cd "$B"
oli@bert:~/Music/Yeah Yeah Yeahs$


How to determine the `/dev` path to a Flash drive

/dev/sdb refers to the drive itself—the entire flash drive, not a partition on it.  This is useful if you are going to do something affecting the entire flash drive, such as reformatting it, but not so useful if your flash drive is already formatted and you just want to access files stored on it.  (Note: by "reformatting the entire drive", I really meant "changing the type of partition map", since reformatting a single partition wouldn't involve /dev/sdb.)

/dev/sdb1 refers to the first partition on the /dev/sdb drive.  If the flash drive has at least one partition (i.e. it has been formatted for use), you should have both /dev/sdb and /dev/sdb1 after inserting the flash drive.  You may also have /dev/sdb2, /dev/sdb3, etc., if your flash drive has more partitions, but if you are simply using a flash drive out of the box and haven't done any special formatting to it, you will likely have only one partition filling the entire flash drive.  (For the sake of completeness, the partition will need a filesystem on it to store files, but again, a flash drive fresh out of the box will have this already set up.)

It's important to know that the letter b in that name should not be relied on.  Depending on numerous factors (such as whether other USB drives have been used, in what sequence the drives are discovered by your computer, and many other factors), your computer may create a device node for your flash drive at /dev/sdc instead of /dev/sdb, or even at /dev/sdd.  (The partition will have a matching name with a trailing 1 in any case: /dev/sdc1 or /dev/sdd1, as applicable.)

This brings us to the next part of your question: How to determine what "name" the computer has assigned to your flash drive.  By now you understand that it's not /dev/sdb as opposed to /dev/sdb1; instead, it's both /dev/sdb and /dev/sdb1, as opposed to both of /dev/sdc and /dev/sdc1.  The easiest way to list this information is with the lsblk command.  That will list the block devices connected to your computer.  It should be fairly obvious which is the flash drive, but to be certain, you can run lsblk before inserting the flash drive, and then run it again immediately after inserting the flash drive.  This way, the device that is showing up newly in the command output is the flash drive.

And lastly, if you happen to be asking this question to help automate the mounting of a flash drive, I recommend learning about the /etc/fstab file, and about using "device labels" or "device UUIDs" to specify which drive to mount.


Yes, such a program exists!

ImageMagick has the compare utility, which has several ways of comparing images.

To install it:

sudo apt-get install imagemagick imagemagick-doc

Comparing two images visually:

compare -compose src tux_orig.png tux_modified.png tux_difference.png

tux_orig.png & tux_modified.png

Gives this image:

Comparing two images via metrics:

There are also many ways to output the differences via some metrics, e.g.:

# compare -verbose -metric PSNR tux_orig.png tux_modified.png tux_difference.png
tux_orig.png PNG 200x232 200x232+0+0 8-bit sRGB 20.6KB 0.000u 0:00.000
tux_modified.png PNG 200x232 200x232+0+0 8-bit sRGB 22.2KB 0.010u 0:00.000
Image: tux_orig.png
  Channel distortion: PSNR
    red: 19.5485
    green: 19.5973
    blue: 19.6507
    alpha: 16.1568
    all: 18.4517
tux_orig.png=>tux_difference.png PNG 200x232 200x232+0+0 8-bit sRGB 12.3KB 0.030u 0:00.020

Some metric options:

AE     absolute error count, number of different pixels (-fuzz effected)
FUZZ   mean color distance
MAE    mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance
MEPP   mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)
MSE    mean error squared, average of the channel error squared
NCC    normalized cross correlation
PAE    peak absolute (normalize peak absolute)
PSNR   peak signal to noise ratio
RMSE   root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)

There are many ways to compare images, see ImageMagicks section on compare for further methods.


How to resize the partition in ubuntu 14.04

You currently are using the whole disk/partition.
First unmount the mounted partition /dev/sda1.

If you try this on a running system, it won't work.
Boot from ubuntu install media and open GParted.

Type in the new size and 'free space' will change.


According to my research I just did, the Dell Dimension E510 is a slightly older machine initially intended for Windows XP.  (I looked at CNET's specs on the Dell Dimension E510 Home.)  Even though it has more than enough RAM and other specs to run Ubuntu 14.04, I typically suggest to friends that if they're finding a Linux solution for a computer designed to run XP, it's better to go with an older Ubuntu, lighter Ubuntu, or another Linux distro altogether.  Just because a device has enough to run an OS, does not mean that the device has enough to run it smoothly.  You may also want to try lxde (lubuntu) or xfce (xubuntu) instead of running the Ubuntu based off Unity.  What's the lightest Ubuntu desktop environment? can help you with that.


Answer from OPs comment:

  That you guys. Just removed /etc/subuid.lock and
  /etc/subgid.lock and its fine now


Ubuntu Single Sign-On Account stuck on "Connecting..."

Try removing any existing Ubuntu accounts and adding them again. That simple step worked for me.

You should be getting a message about authorising the snap daemon (which asks for your local root user password). If not, check if snap works:

snap login

If you don't have snap, there might be something wrong with your Ubuntu (it should be included by default). Snap can, however, be installed:

sudo apt install snapd

If you still cannot add your account, but you only wanted to enable canonical-livepatch, try activating it from terminal:

sudo snap install canonical-livepatch
sudo canonical-livepatch enable <key>

replace < key >  with your live-patch key, which can be generated from:
https://www.ubuntu.com/livepatch

Then go open 'software & updates', click on the 'updates' tab, and enable livepatch


Where are Nautilus loading animation icons located?

the spinner in nautilus should be from gtk3, u can set it in your current themes gtk3 file, for me its /usr/share/themes/KILLMINT/gtk-3.0/gtk-widgets.css open it and search for string spinner
u will find something like this related to spinner

/***********
* spinner *
***********/
.menu.spinner,
.primary-toolbar .spinner,
.primary-toolbar .spinner {
color: @theme_selected_bg_color;
}

.spinner:active {
 transition: 750ms linear loop;
}

and try to look to other themes or distros how their spinner looks like and take the code of it (+check which engine it uses like engine=none; or engine=unico; and whether are some functions of that engine used in code of the spinner)

try code of spinner from zorin:

/***********
* spinner *
***********/
@keyframes spinner {
0.00% { background-image: -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.875)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.750)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.625)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.500)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.375)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.250)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.125)), to(transparent)); }

12.5% { background-image: -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.875)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.750)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.625)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.500)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.375)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.250)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.125)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)); }

25.0% { background-image: -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.750)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.625)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.500)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.375)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.250)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.125)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.875)), to(transparent)); }

37.5% { background-image: -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.625)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.500)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.375)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.250)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.125)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.875)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.750)), to(transparent)); }

50.0% { background-image: -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.500)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.375)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.250)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.125)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.875)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.750)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.625)), to(transparent)); }

62.5% { background-image: -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.375)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.250)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.125)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.875)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.750)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.625)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.500)), to(transparent)); }

75.0% { background-image: -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.250)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.125)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.875)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.750)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.625)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.500)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.375)), to(transparent)); }

87.5% { background-image: -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.125)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.875)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.750)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.625)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.500)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.375)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.250)), to(transparent)); }

100%  { background-image: -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.875)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.750)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.625)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.500)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.375)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.250)), to(transparent)),
                          -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(alpha(currentColor, 0.125)), to(transparent)); }
}

.spinner {
background-color: transparent;
background-image: -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                  -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                  -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                  -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                  -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                  -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                  -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent)),
                  -gtk-gradient(radial, center center, 0, center center, 0.5, to(currentColor), to(transparent));
background-position: 14% 14%, 0% 50%, 14% 86%, 50% 100%, 86% 86%, 100% 50%, 86% 14%, 50% 0%;
background-size: 20% 20%;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

.menu.spinner,
.primary-toolbar .spinner,
.primary-toolbar .spinner {
color: @selected_bg_color;
}

.spinner:active {
animation: spinner 1s infinite linear;
}

this will make your spinner look like made of circles, i would post a screenshot, but dont have some points(ill add em)
however gtk2 spinner will reamin the same as i didnt find how to config it, looks hard-coded somewhere but your nautilus will use those from gtk3 as my nemo does, so it shouldnt be that bad.. :D
cheers KiLLA


You have best solution with you

Follow these step to make Ubuntu 13.04 bootable USB:

Since you are using Ubuntu 12.04, open Startup Disk Creator (search in dash)
In first option Source disc image:( .iso or CD) select your Ubuntu 13.04. Browse it by clicking Other.. button.
On second optionDisk to use: select your USB drive, if inserted it would b automatically selected. You may have to Erase it before making bootable. Click Erase Disk button to erase it enable button Make Startup Disk
Then finall click Make Startup Disk to make your USB Drive Bootable.

That all.. It would take some time around 3-5 minutes and will make your USB bootable..

Reply if you need further assistance..


Easiest way to invert colors on Ubuntu 18.04

As DK Bose notes, you could use xcalib -invert -alter, but this will only affect your main monitor if you use more than one. Instead, you could try this program from Zoltan Padrah, which was appears to have been created specifically as a workaround for this problem.
git clone https://github.com/zoltanp/xrandr-invert-colors.git
cd xrandr-invert-colors
 # install dependency libxcb-randr0-dev :
sudo make deps-apt
make
sudo make install

... and run with /usr/local/bin/xrandr-invert-colors.
Note that the sudo make install step is optional; you could just run the xrandr-invert-colors.bin executable directly from the source dir.
Set a keyboard shortcut for this however you like (say, with Settings > Keyboard).
Since this works by adjusting the color output, it can be undone by, e.g., Ubuntu 18's built-in redshift/f.lux analog, which periodically readjusts your colors, so be sure that "Night Light" is disabled in Settings > Display.
Edit: In Ubuntu 19.04 and maybe 20 too, there's a Gnome Shell extension "InvertDE" which is a thin wrapper around xcalib that might be of use. Since I have my own xcalib script at this point, I'm not using it. Additionally, there's the extension "Invert Window Color" that applies to individual windows.
Edit five months later: I've reinstalled to 20.04, and found that @Xaser is indeed right, and xcalib by itself works for me. It might also be that I now have two equal-shape monitors. I'll be using that, or the "InvertDE" extension method for now, as the least custom. But will certainly leave the other stuff here.


concatenation of two command in one single command

You can pipe the output through sed, notably:

echo "$string3" | sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ /g'

All credit to Zsolt Botykai on StackOverflow for his answer


How to Install/Configure/Use Juju in non aws clouds?

As of Ubuntu 12.04, and the "0.5+bzr531" release of Juju that comes with it, Juju can only speak 3 API's:

EC2 - This is actually EC2 and S3 for charm storage
Orchestra - This    is Cobbler + WEBDAV for charm storage.
MaaS - This uses MaaS much    like Orchestra used Cobbler, and MaaS has the file storage built-in    rather than relying on a secondary WEBDAV.

The EC2 API lets Juju deploy things into OpenStack clouds, and in theory, CloudStack and Eucalyptus, though neither of those are regularly tested by the Juju dev team.

Juju can also spin up LXC containers on linux machine to create a simulated cloud on a single machine.

The effort to add another cloud API is pretty small. You need to be able to start, stop, and list machines, and then you need some shared object storage so charms can be stored by clients and retrieved by any of the machines.

One wrinkle for the immediate addition of any other cloud providers is that Juju is undergoing a rewrite from Python to Go. Because of that, any effort that goes into the Python version will see limited attention from Juju development long term as the Go port matures.


How docker mounts volumes without making entry to /etc/mtab?

Docker does so by just mounting w/o changing that file.

For detailed information just enter man mount and locate the section about the file. The manpage gives the hint that /etc/mtab is not well w/ containers:

  The programs mount and umount traditionally maintained a list of currently mounted filesystems in the file /etc/mtab. This real mtab file is still supported, but on current Linux systems it is better to make it a symlink to /proc/mounts instead, because a regular mtab file maintained in userspace cannot reliably work with namespaces, containers and other advanced Linux features.

So probably you find what you're looking for in /proc/mounts. Additionally the docker cli itself offers a lot of introspection features.


Unable to connect to open wireless network sometimes in ubuntu 12.04

I would not use monitor mode either, without more information these are the things that I see that may help.  Please run:

echo "options ath9k nohwcrypt=1" | sudo tee  /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf

sudo modprobe -rfv ath9k

sudo modprobe -v ath9k

If you insist on using monitor mode please try:

echo -e '#!/bin/bash\n/sbin/iwconfig mon0 power off' | sudo tee -a /etc/pm/power.d/wireless

that will turn power management off for mon0.

It is best to set your router to just wpa2 encryption if you have that option.

The signal strength is to low on both networks that you have listed to be able to connect too, but the first set of commands I gave you to run usually helps with that to some extent. You may need to move closer to your router to be able to connect especially if there are walls or something blocking the signal.

Your device is ar9285 with linux drivers it has the worst signal strength of all the devices in this series from my experience so you will not be able to get very far from your router no matter what you do.


Trying to configure two ethernet adapters - Failed to bring up eth1

You have a default route on both interfaces. This is probally not what you want. Try to remove the gataway statement from your LAN interface eth0.

If that doesn't work, in a terminal bring down your interfaces with

sudo ifdown eth0 eth1

and bring up only one with

sudo ifup -v eth0

then

sudo ifup -v eth1

The option v gives you a lot of information whats going on and whats going wrong!


Looks as though you're facing two different types of errors here.

[E] Error: rsync: mkstemp "/media/TREKSTOR/Sicherung/backintime/Refle/root/1/new_snapshot/backup/home/refle/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/.afc:host=c0d85dff9221e93bd569ad19c719a9cc812cc00a.pRRwoB" failed: Invalid argument (22)
[E] Error: rsync: mkstemp "/media/TREKSTOR/Sicherung/backintime/Refle/root/1/new_snapshot/backup/home/refle/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/.afc:host=c0d85dff9221e93bd569ad19c719a9cc812cc00a,port=3.5FFq0l" failed: Invalid argument (22)
[E] Error: rsync: mkstemp "/media/TREKSTOR/Sicherung/backintime/Refle/root/1/new_snapshot/backup/home/refle/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/.afc:host=c0d85dff9221e93bd569ad19c719a9cc812cc00a,port=3-c2bd17dd.log.Dw3kC6" failed: Invalid argument (22)
[E] Error: rsync: mkstemp "/media/TREKSTOR/Sicherung/backintime/Refle/root/1/new_snapshot/backup/home/refle/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/.afc:host=c0d85dff9221e93bd569ad19c719a9cc812cc00a-1da33d62.log.u2BigR" failed: Invalid argument (22)

These are due to your file name syntax. Rsync (the command line backend of Back in Time) does not support colons in file names. I don't know how Back in Time's configuration works, but with rsync you can define exclusion rules that will allow you to ignore these files.

[E] Error: rsync: symlink "/media/TREKSTOR/Sicherung/backintime/Refle/root/1/new_snapshot/backup/home/refle/.config/chromium/SingletonCookie" -> "11676890789582771720" failed: Operation not permitted (1)
[E] Error: rsync: symlink "/media/TREKSTOR/Sicherung/backintime/Refle/root/1/new_snapshot/backup/home/refle/.config/chromium/SingletonLock" -> "Refle-2305" failed: Operation not permitted (1)
[E] Error: rsync: symlink "/media/TREKSTOR/Sicherung/backintime/Refle/root/1/new_snapshot/backup/home/refle/.config/chromium/SingletonSocket" -> "/tmp/.org.chromium.Chromium.nSUOLR/SingletonSocket" failed: Operation not permitted (1)

What you're facing here are permission errors. The files you are trying to back up might have been created by a root user and as a result you don't have read access to them. Try checking the files' permissions from your file manager (Properties --> Permissions).

I would advise you to try and exclude these files from your back up. From what I can see they are mainly lock files and sockets that shouldn't be backed up.


Available is: sudo apt install g++-4.8

And the no PIE gcc54-c++_5.4.0-ubuntu16_amd64.deb https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ptHLaZXImpeMzq4xuuGGn5VjrvxNSop3/view?usp=sharing , Ref. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50213089/linking-error-with-gcc-g-7-3-0-on-ubuntu-18-04/50232797#50232797 → My answer.

Or add xenial to /etc/apt/sources.list temporarily : sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://dk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb http://dk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe

... and do sudo apt update && sudo apt install g++-4.9