Issues Upgrading to 13.04 from 12.10 from 12.04

I too faced a similar problem. My problem was the desktop shows background image with no launcher and status bar at the top.

press ctrl+ alt+ t to open the terminal (could not launcher terminal form launcher). type ccsm.

On the left choose desktop. On the right click ubuntu unity plugin.

Check if it is enabled. If not enable the same.

Then reboot sudo reboot. You should see the launcher and the top panel now.

Edit:

While enabling ubuntu unity plugin, required me to intall scale plugin. You can check the same in the below link of how to install.

How do I enable the "Scale Window Title Filter" in Compiz on 12.04?

For the sound issue check the below link's

No sound in Ubuntu except at log in

http://www.unixmen.com/2012003-howto-resolve-nosound-problem-on-ubuntu/


Since I can't comment, this might be a similar answer. How do I manually boot from the grub prompt after do-release-upgrade?
As far as personal experience. I was never able to install Ubuntu alongside Windows 8 and I learned that it was because of a GPT thing.


Assuming you are using the GNOME environment, you can get the name of the icon theme with gconftool-2 (Ubuntu versions < 11.04) or gsettings (Ubuntu >= 11.04). Depending on your use case, that might already be enough:

gconf:

ICON_THEME=$(gconftool-2 -g /desktop/gnome/interface/icon_theme)
MYICONPATH=/usr/share/icons/$ICON_THEME

gsettings:

ICON_THEME=$(gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.interface icon-theme)
MYICONPATH=/usr/share/icons/${ICON_THEME:1:-1}


If you want to get back your Ubuntu system, just get a live media of Ubuntu, boot from it and install as usual.
You could perhaps use some recovery software to recover your data but that's the best you can do.

As for getting back your grub to work, its pretty much the same, use another system, get an Ubuntu installation media and this time, install boot-repair (google it for the ppa and instructions) and use it to reinstall grub. That should get you back to the windows system.

If you want back Ubuntu, get the installation media and install it as usual. If the partition is not deleted, however, you could try to untick the "format this partition" option when installing but I can't guarantee full recovery of data


How to delete folders every N minutes from comand line

What you're seeing is likely a result of the find command's traversal order.

e.g. given a simple directory

$ find somedir
somedir
somedir/file

then

$ find somedir -exec rm -rfv {} \;
removed ‘somedir/file’
removed directory: ‘somedir’
find: `somedir': No such file or directory

You can force a depth-first traversal using the -depth option, i.e.

$ find somedir -depth -exec rm -rfv {} \;
removed ‘somedir/file’
removed directory: ‘somedir’

does not result in error.

Alternatively, you can use the simpler find somedir -delete which (as noted in the manual page) turns on the -depth option

-delete
       Delete files; true if removal succeeded.  If the removal failed,
       an  error message is issued.  If -delete fails, find's exit sta‐
       tus will be nonzero (when it eventually exits).  Use of  -delete
       automatically turns on the -depth option.


Installing Ubuntu OS on SSD and install HOME on other HDD

Choose "something else" when Ubuntu asks, during installation, about the installation target.

You will be able to choose directly to install Ubuntu system root partition (/ mountpoint) to a partition on the SSD, and choose to install /home on the regular HDD partition. You will be able to create, modify and format the partition in that part of the installation.

Choose free space for the root partition on any drive (here /sda), and press "Add..." to choose size and mountpoint:

Do the same for your HOME partition on your harddrive. Choose montpoint /home:

Check that everything is alright (e.g. make sure the "format" option is unticked for your Windows partitions) and proceed with partitioning and installation of Ubuntu:


Python does not find packages installed without Anaconda

Anaconda isolate your python environment from the rest of the system. Thus, you only can use python packages installed with conda or anaconda pip version.

conda install -c conda-forge kivy


The package linux-headers-5.4.0-56 needs to be reinstalled, but an archive for it can't be found

This package was removed from the repositories a few weeks ago. You can resolve the issue by doing this:

Open Terminal (if it's not already open)

Run this command:
sudo apt remove linux-modules-5.4.0-56-generic

From here you can clean apt a little bit with:
$ sudo apt autoremove && sudo apt clean
$ sudo apt update

This should resolve the problem


If I install Ubuntu as a dual boot, and then afterwards want to use Ubuntu as a single boot, will I lose my programs, data and files?

Backup all your important data in an external hard drive, or a USB stick. If you don't have a big enough external hard drive or USB stick, then gradually pass them through a USB stick to some other PC's hard drive.

Once the clean Ubuntu installation has finished, pass your data back to your PC.

This will allow you to have a clean Ubuntu installation and will leave your data untouched.


With command, if you use pptp server

last |grep ppp

will see, something like this

xxxxx1   ppp0         xxx.xxx.xx.5     Fri Oct 30 11:19   still logged in
xxxxx1   ppp0         xxx.xxx.xx.5     Fri Oct 30 11:18 - 11:19  (00:00)
xxxxx1   ppp0         xxx.xxx.xx.5     Fri Oct 30 11:17 - 11:18  (00:01)
xxxxx    ppp0         xxx.xxx.xx.6     Fri Oct 30 11:13 - 11:16  (00:03)
xxxxx    ppp0         xxx.xxx.xx.6     Wed Oct  7 12:37 - 12:50  (00:13)
xxxxx    ppp0         xxx.xxx.xx.6     Wed Oct  7 12:34 - 12:35  (00:01)

pptp user. connection duration also start and end.
Based on time of abuse you can compare time of vpn connection and find vpn user. I guess, one person use one vpn user.

You can add fixed ip address per vpn user and after that monitoring traffic with iptables Very nice example to set ip accounting you have here


How do I correct slow video fps in xscreensaver?

If you haven't, install the package "linux-image-extra-(yourversionhere)" -- hopefully it has your graphics drivers in it, if not, you might need to get them from somewhere else.  Very important.


Suspend on lid close, even with the option OFF

You need to configure logind.conf - this should not disable suspend,  it should just to tell it to ignore the lid switch.

This will also override any of your user's power settings, and will work whether you are logged in or not (system-wide). You can configure it via running:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/logind.conf

You should like something like this:

Change HandleLidSwitch= line to this (with no # at the beginning - a # at the beginning of the line means it is a comment and will be ignored and the defaults will be used):

HandleLidSwitch=ignore

Here is a quote from a manual page  - note it can take other values like lock, poweroff etc.

  HandlePowerKey=, HandleSuspendKey=, HandleHibernateKey=,
  HandleLidSwitch=

  Controls whether logind shall handle the system power and sleep keys and the lid switch to trigger actions such as system power-off or
  suspend. Can be one of "ignore", "poweroff", "reboot", "halt",
  "kexec", "suspend", "hibernate", "hybrid-sleep" and "lock". If
  "ignore", logind will never handle these keys. If "lock", all running
  sessions will be screen-locked; otherwise, the specified action will
  be taken in the respective event. Only input devices with the
  "power-switch" udev tag will be watched for key/lid switch events.
  HandlePowerKey= defaults to "poweroff". HandleSuspendKey= and
  HandleLidSwitch= defaults to "suspend". HandleHibernateKey= defaults to
  "hibernate".

The manual page for logind is here


Irrelevant tool tip text displayed in launcher for chrome

The question is not the same. nor the symptoms, but it is related to this one and this one.
What is the issue
It looks like your global .desktop file in /usr/share/applications, representing the locked icon in the launcher (the topmost one in your image), has a differently named copy in ~/.local/share/applications . Maybe (likely) as a result of using webapps in the past. When you run the application from the locked launcher icon, the local version of the (differently named) .desktop file shows up as a second icon in the launcher.
Looking at your image, that seems to be the case.
Note: if you open the local version of the .desktop file (drag it over a gedit window), you will probably find your strange tooltip in the line starting with Name=.
What you need to do
Look into ~/.local/share/applications (hidden by default, press Ctrl+H to make it visible) and find .desktop files that might be calling chrome. If you doubt a file, make the file executable. Its icon will show up on the file then, so you will be able to recognize it by its icon. Remove any .desktop file, calling Google Chrome, from the directory ~/.local/share/applications.
When an application is started from an icon, locked to the launcher, and a second icon appears showing a correct icon, it is practically always caused by a duplicate .desktop file with a different name, but calling the same application.


How do I know if an independent app that is in 12.04 will appear in 12.10 again?

The applications directories for 12.10 have not been updated yet. We will have to wait for the release to see which applications will stay or are updated. There can't be a fixed rule for this - imagine an application that makes it to the repositories in the meantime.

For the applications in question there are however some indicators that speak in favour of inclusion in 12.10:

Fogger: the developer already has a quantal build in his ppa
Lightread: runs on Python and JavaScript hence likely will run in 12.10 without any change
usplitter: is as Java application also very likely to run in 12.10.


Problem when booting Ubuntu - Press S to skip mounting or M for manual recovery

The question is what do you wish to do? You obviously have a windows partition on that machine that linux fails to mount.

Can you boot into that windows from GRUB?

Do you wish to keep that windows partition on the machine or not?

You can edit /etc/fstab in such a manner that linux will stop trying to mount that windows partition

From a terminal (ctrl+alt+t) run

gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

and comment the line

UUID=EE28D21928D1E09F /windows        ntfs    defaults,umask=007,gid=46 0       0

by adding a # at the beginning of it like so:

# UUID=EE28D21928D1E09F /windows        ntfs    defaults,umask=007,gid=46 0       0

This should stop linux from prompting that during boot, but you should address this issue  at its core and recover/remove that partition as you see fit.


Laptop overheating, Unity / OpenGL / nvidia drivers conflict

Bumblebee Project

Bumblebee aims to provide support for NVIDIA Optimus laptops for GNU/Linux distributions. Using Bumblebee, you can use your NVIDIA card for rendering graphics which will be displayed using the Intel card.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable

sudo apt-get update

Install Bumblebee using the default proprietary nvidia driver:

sudo apt-get install bumblebee virtualgl linux-headers-generic

Add the following line in /etc/modules

 sudo gedit /etc/modules
 bbswitch load_state=0

save and exit

 sudo update-initramfs -u

Reboot   Done

How TO USE OPTIMUS CARD

For More Power Saving and Make Laptop Coller

Is there a power saving application similar to Jupiter?

I have Same Model Dell Inspiron N5110 i7 , Intel HD 3000 and Nvidia GeForce GT 525M


For copyright reasons, Ubuntu can not package all media formats in every installation.  If it is legal in your area, you can follow the directions at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats

There is a legal alternative to the restricted extras package if there are copyright laws in your area that apply, it is fluendo.  http://www.fluendo.com/en/oneplay/  As of today, March 19, 2017, the codecs are 25 Euro get the legal package.

If the file is copied from a dvd, looking for libdvdcss2 might help. I can't post more than two links since I am new, or I would link that too.  Another thing to check is whether Digital Rights Management is involved.


After uninstalling Ubuntu 12.04, only grub rescue is loading, can't get into BIOS

A: Was a BIOS setting changed? (ie fastboot enabled)

B: Did the system come with windows 8?

If B was true:

Completely power off
Hold f2
Power on (still holding f2)

Did your motherboard start beeping?  If so, then you have some funky BIOS settings enabled.  Your boot mode might be set to CSM when trying to access windows 8, which might have been installed in UEFI mode.

I had both of these problems.  If fast-boot is enabled, it gets a lot harder to access BIOS.  You might have to do a CMOS reset.  This just means, take out CMOS battery, leave it out for bout an hour, put it back in, tada.

You can also try pulling out your hard drive.  Then you should boot right to the BIOS, assuming you don't have a bootable USB/LAN/ODD device plugged in.


Mouse pointer (touchpad) getting stuck often in 12.04

I had a similar problem, I can still scroll and click, but the cursor is stuck in one place on the screen. Dropping down to a lower run level (CTRL+ALT+F2) and back (CTRL+ALT+F7) seems given me control of my mouse again.

Thank you for reporting this as a bug.


Windows 7 doesn't show up in the boot options

My first thought is perhaps it's a UEFI motherboard (these are common within the last few years). Do you know how recent/which motherboard it is? If it is, a Windows 7 CD (perhaps borrow one if you don't have one) should autofix the boot record (it auto-detects on CD launch) and then you can use EasyBCD to add an Ubuntu boot record via their "Auto-detection" EFI loader.

If it's not UEFI, this answer may not help. The only other thought I had was use grub-mkconfig to make a new grub config file. Grub has a mode to auto-detect installed OS's.
Best of luck


Can I make MPV player to pick up any subtitles available in the folder?

To provide an actual mpv only answer, you can specify the mechanism by which subtitle tracks are loaded in your mpv.conf file located at .config/mpv.conf as explained here in the mpv manual. In your case you would add sub-auto=all.


Start a program after 45 mins of overall activity

I use this script

at now + 1 minutes < <(echo 'notify-send "DO SOMETHING"')

When I run it, it will print the popup "DO SOMETHING" via the nodify-send command. It will do this after at most 1 minute

That is, if i run this command at 11:07:51, it will run at 11:08:00, so only 9 seconds after i executed it.

However, for time intervals of 45 minutes, 1 minute may not matter that much.

I don't know a way to detect the start of activity, but hope this command is useful. I used it to when playing some online games, to know when to train troops/ attack :)


user postgres cannot access drive even after permissions and group membership are provided

Ahh figured it out. Somehow there was an access control list on the folder /media/krishnab/, so I was able to just use the setfacl -m u:postgres:rwx /media/krishnab and that fixed it.


root@apoorv:~# systemctl restart network-manager
  But it seems like nothing happened.

Then that is correct. Expected behaviour in Linux is to not show output if all went well and only show something when there is a problem.

Besides that: "restart" is an option to the command "service". So:

service network-manager restart
service network-manager stop
service network-manager start

are also valid methods of addressing a service.


How do I disable media players indicators integration?

Yes, it will play - you have to hit the play button where the sound is. On the right hand side, look for where you see the sound icon.

Open it up - you will see that you can make the sound louder and softer, under that you will see a play button and a left and right button with an arrow in - that is to go to the next song and back to the previous song.

Hit the play and pause button will stop the sound and that is it. Nothing more to do, only when you open up a music play - you will only see you library and can then quickly go to a song you like...

That is the way to stop music completely so that you won't play in back.

Hope it helps.


Asus H87-PRO /usr/sbin/pwmconfig: There are no pwm-capable sensor modules installed

Can you post the output of sudo sensors-detect?

Edit:  Nevermind.  I read the pastbin you linked (totally missed it).  It looks like sensors-detect does not fully recognize your Super I/O chip.  According to this the Super I/O is the Nuvoton (formerly Winbond) NCT 5538D.  The chip ID appears to be the same as the NCT6775 family.  You can download the driver from here, which is a link to github of the maintainer of that kernel module (it is a download link).

Then do the following:

cd /path/to/directory/you/saved/the/file
tar xzvf master.tar.gz
sudo make
sudo make install
modprobe hwmon
modprobe nct6775

Then, check to make sure you did everything correctly:

lsmod | grep nct

The output should look something like [this][3]:

user@computer:/# lsmod | grep nct
nct6775                44104  0
hwmon_vid              12388  1 nct6775

Then run sudo pwmconfig and hopefully everything should be ok.


Macbook Pro 11,2 - no sound with Ubuntu 13.10

The instructions on this page fixed my system speakers on a Macbook Pro 13" Retina (11,1).

However, unlike you my headphones did work.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBookPro11-1/Saucy

  Speakers

  The speakers have no sound at boot and after resume from suspend. I
  fixed these by setting GPIO flags at boot and after resume. First, we
  need the alsa-tools package

sudo apt-get install alsa-tools

  To make the speakers work after boot:

sudo nano /etc/rc.local to add the following command before "exit 0"

hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC1D0 0x1 set_gpio_data 1 To make the speakers work

  after resume, I edited /etc/pm/sleep.d/99_myfix that I created above

sudo nano /etc/pm/sleep.d/99_myfix

  to add the following before ";;"

hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC1D0 0x1 set_gpio_mask 1 sleep 1 hda-verb
/dev/snd/hwC1D0 0x1 set_gpio_direction 1 sleep 1 hda-verb
/dev/snd/hwC1D0 0x1 set_gpio_data 1

  The sleep commands are here because without them the flags are not all set sometimes.


Make sure, touchscreen works on HP Pavilion x360

Normaly, you will automatically have a functioanlly touch screen.
If you want to be sure, you can first Try Ubuntu.
You can follow this insctruction up to Step 3, there you can choose Try Ubunut.

As long as you dont press Continue on Step 6 you can just reboot and nothing has changed on your laptop.


Since parted is reporting the disk as being 2000GB, blanking the partition table is unlikely to help. (Those size reports are based on the size of the hardware and are unrelated to what's in the partition table.) It's more likely that something has set the Host Protected Area (HPA) for the disk, thus limiting its apparent size. You can adjust this with the Linux hdparm command, and in particular its -N option. (Type man hdparm and search on -N to find the details.) Typing sudo hdparm -N /dev/sde will report the current HPA status without changing it, so try that as a diagnostic.

Another possibility is that there's something wrong in the disk hardware or software stack. Your parted output indicates that you've got a WD My Book 1140. A Web search on this suggests that this is an external hard disk. Sometimes they can be problematic because of USB stack problems. Usually, though, such problems are issues with the firmware in the enclosure -- if the enclosure has a 32-bit limit on sector numbers, it will do weird things to the apparent size of the disk. In this case, though, it would be shocking if WD were to ship inadequate firmware with an over-2TiB disk, so this is plausible only if you've replaced the disk in the enclosure with a larger model yourself. Still, there could be a problem somewhere along these lines, especially if you're using an unusual USB adapter or something like that. It might be worth describing your hardware in more detail (both the drive and the motherboard or whatever type of adapter to which it's connected).

One more diagnostic to try is gdisk: Launch gdisk on the disk, type p, v, and then q to quit. Post the complete results. It's unlikely that this will provide any big clues, but there's an off chance that it will do so. You may need to install gdisk first (it's in either the gdisk or gptfdisk package; I don't recall which name Ubuntu uses, offhand).

Edit: Your hdparm -N output is weird. Perhaps the enclosure's firmware isn't passing through that feature correctly. OTOH, the output does indicate that HPA is active, so it might be worth digging into that further with other utilities. (Maybe something Windows-based from the disk's manufacturer would fare better, especially if the disk is odd in some way.)

The gdisk output doesn't provide any new clues, although I did notice something I hadn't the first time around: The disk uses 4096-byte logical sectors. This means that you could use MBR on the disk, despite its size. (With 4096-byte sectors, MBR's limit goes up to 16TiB.) Using MBR isn't likely to help you because of the underlying problem that Linux is mis-detecting its size, though.

I have a few suggestions for things to try now:

Return the disk and get another one, if it's new enough.
Contact the manufacturer for tech support.
Try the disk with Windows and/or OS X. This will give you information about whether the problem is OS-specific.
Try another Linux distribution or another kernel. This might help if there's a Linux kernel bug involved.
Try using another interface -- for instance, if you're using USB and if the drive supports eSATA, try eSATA.

Try these in any order that you like.


There are some programs that are considered generic. Many programs can provide the required functionality.

For example, view is one such meta-program that can be provided by any tool capable of displaying text, such as more,less,vim,etc.

/etc/alternatives is a directory that is used in keeping track of the alternatives currently in use, by a tool called update-alternatives.

For more information, read the manual page by man update-alternatives in a terminal. Also visit Debian Alternatives System.


How do I setup Ubuntu in VMware with a different network physically?

172.16.*.* and 192.168.*.* are both private address ranges and the machines in question are located in different (private) networks. It's possible to interconnect multiple private networks and translate network addresses between them if both of them allow it. This procedure is called a Virtual Private Network. You should ask the system administration department of your school or university about available VPN options to connect to its network.


How do I send ASCII string to Arduino over COM port?

GNU Screen or something like that would do the job.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install screen

Then to connect to the board,

screen /dev/ttyACM0

You might have to change the baud rate, check the specs on the Arduino and read the screen manual to work out how to do that.


What are the default groups of the first user after a fresh install of Ubuntu 15.10?

On a recent fresh install of Ubuntu 15.10 after adding samba client the default groups that the install user (apollo) has are:

apollo adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare

The default groups of this fresh install is:

root:x:0:
daemon:x:1:
bin:x:2:
sys:x:3:
adm:x:4:syslog,apollo
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:
lp:x:7:
mail:x:8:
news:x:9:
uucp:x:10:
man:x:12:
proxy:x:13:
kmem:x:15:
dialout:x:20:
fax:x:21:
voice:x:22:
cdrom:x:24:apollo
floppy:x:25:
tape:x:26:
sudo:x:27:apollo
audio:x:29:pulse
dip:x:30:apollo
www-data:x:33:
backup:x:34:
operator:x:37:
list:x:38:
irc:x:39:
src:x:40:
gnats:x:41:
shadow:x:42:
utmp:x:43:
video:x:44:
sasl:x:45:
plugdev:x:46:apollo
staff:x:50:
games:x:60:
users:x:100:
nogroup:x:65534:
input:x:101:
systemd-journal:x:102:
systemd-timesync:x:103:
systemd-network:x:104:
systemd-resolve:x:105:
systemd-bus-proxy:x:106:
netdev:x:107:
crontab:x:108:
syslog:x:109:
messagebus:x:110:
uuidd:x:111:
ssl-cert:x:112:
lpadmin:x:113:apollo
avahi:x:114:
whoopsie:x:115:
mlocate:x:116:
ssh:x:117:
avahi-autoipd:x:118:
bluetooth:x:119:
scanner:x:120:saned
colord:x:121:
pulse:x:122:
pulse-access:x:123:
rtkit:x:124:
saned:x:125:
lightdm:x:126:
nopasswdlogin:x:127:
apollo:x:1000:
sambashare:x:128:apollo
vboxsf:x:999:

I was able to check the groups from my account by typing this command:

 $ groups


No man-page or info-page for type command

If you enter type type you find that

type is a shell builtin

So its documentation is in man bash. You can't get the instructions from man type but you can instead get them from (many thanks to @Rinzwind ) help type and in the same format as a man page with the -m option and by piping the output into less

help -m type | less

man bash is very long, and may be easier to read here, specifically the section on bash builtin commands.

Here is the entry for type, which tells us what kind of command a command is:

  type

type [-afptP] [name …]

  For each name, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a command name.
  If the -t option is used, type prints a single word which is one of >‘alias’, ‘function’, ‘builtin’, ‘file’ or ‘keyword’, if name is an
  alias, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or shell reserved
  word, respectively. If the name is not found, then nothing is printed,
  and type returns a failure status.

  If the -p option is used, type either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed, or nothing if -t would not return ‘file’.

  The -P option forces a path search for each name, even if -t would not return ‘file’.

  If a command is hashed, -p and -P print the hashed value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in $PATH.

  If the -a option is used, type returns all of the places that contain an executable named file. This includes aliases and functions,
  if and only if the -p option is not also used.

  If the -f option is used, type does not attempt to find shell functions, as with the command builtin.

  The return status is zero if all of the names are found, non-zero if any are not found.

Examples:

$ type echo
echo is a shell builtin
$ type ls
ls is aliased to `ls --color=auto'
$ type sort
sort is /usr/bin/sort
$ type python
python is hashed (/usr/bin/python)

This answer gives a really clever way to make the man command work for shell builtin commands by adding a function to your ~/.bashrc


Maybe you are using Oracle VirtualBox instead of the VirtualBox from the official Ubuntu 16.04 repositories. When you open VirtualBox and select Help -> About VirtualBox does it say "Oracle"? If so, the terminal output in your question indicates that VirtualBox from the default Ubuntu repositories is not currently installed.

  I had installed Oracle VirtualBox and that was the problem.


Is is safe not to backup data on other partitions when performing a clean install?

How important is the data?

If your data is important to you, then you should have a back up, period.

Although a fresh install almost always goes smoothly, there is always the chance you could mis type or make a mistake, or the install could fail.

The hard drive could fail independent of the install.

You could have a power failure.

etc

Bottom line, IMO you should have a working backup if you value your data, fresh install or not.


Fast switch input source via CapsLock button in Ubuntu 17.10

By trial and (a lot of) error, this works for me (I'm not sure whether the first three steps are required).

Open Settings (the default system setting app).
Go to Devices -> Keyboard and press Reset All....
Close the Settings app.
Install gnome-tweak-tool and open it.
Go to Keyboard & Mouse -> Additional Layout Options
Seek for Switching to another layout and unchecked every options under that setting.
Restart the Tweaks app.
Repeat step 5-6 again, only this time make sure you check the one and only Caps Lock option.
Close the Tweaks app, now you should use the caps lock button to switch language without popup menu to delay the input :D


No boot, no bios after Reformat, Dual Boot install

BIOS can't be controlled by OS. BIOS is the thing that loads OS. Check your manufacture manual to get into BIOS. Maybe your screen is starting late. Keep on pressing F2 or Del (as per manufacture instruction) after powering it on.

Please follow guide below to repair the boot. (It might be the same application you are using as boot-repair disk)

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair (Use recomended repair)

If it doesn't work, run the tool again and click on Create bootinfo summery. It will give you a url. Please post that url here.


Try installing the full gnome package:

$ sudo apt-get install gnome

Reboot, and login with gnome-classic. If that doesn't do it, try creating a new user or loging in on the guest account to see if the problem is limited to your account.


Once you have accessed the shared drive, Ubuntu typically creates a link to it under ~/.gvfs/ - probably named "bibliotecado on gustavu-pc".

Have a look in that directory (it's hidden, so you'll be best using a terminal - type ls ~/.gvfs/. Then you can tell Calibre to look in that directory.


Multiple-monitors and Nvidia Optimus not working after apt-get update/upgrade

I'm the OP of the askubuntu question linked in the bug.

It's hard to tell how I got it to work, but my recommendation would be:

sudo dpkg -i ubuntu-drivers-common_0.2.91.5_amd64.deb nvidia-common_0.2.91.5_amd64.deb
sudo apt-mark hold ubuntu-drivers-common
sudo apt-mark hold nvidia-common
sudo apt-get purge nvidia* bumblebee*
sudo apt-get install nvidia-331-updates nvidia-settings nvidia-prime

In other words, after the downgrade just reinstall the nvidia driver completely. Of course, feel free to replace nvidia-331-updates with the version of your choice. For me, this seems to have worked and my external screen is working as well.

Edit: Just now saw your comment that you resolved the issue. Please post that explanation in the bug report as well as it may provide useful information.

Edit #2: Glad to see that your solution is what I had suggested as well. I guess we can say this has proven to be a working workaround to downgrade.


Movie Play Does Not Work In Ubuntu 18.04

I think that one of the things stopping you, may be a need for

sudo apt install -y ubuntu-restricted-extras
sudo apt install -y libdvd-pkg
sudo dpkg-reconfigure libdvd-pkg

The reconfigure step needs to be done...


You are going to need add the new user to the "sudoers" file (or the admin group).  You are  probably running into a situation where this new user doesn't have permission to run the "sudo" command.

You are going to need to get to a root shell. This link will show you how:
http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/resetpassword/

That ^ is for resetting a password, but it describes how to get to the root prompt.

Once you have your root promt you can refer to this link:
How can I add a new user as sudoer using the command line?

More specifically (from said post):

sudo adduser <username> admin

Then reboot the machine:

init 6

Run that ^ at the root prompt.  Let it boot normally, log in as the "new" user and give it a shot.  You should be able to "elevate" (sudo) now.


how to make an application to run from a command in terminal

Edit ~/.profile and put in:

if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

Then move everything from /home/crs/cool-retro-term/ to /home/crs/bin

Now every time you put something in /home/crs/bin you can just execute it with the name of the file.


First, you need to download Ubuntu 13.04 32bit, or 64bit version of Ubuntu.  Once the ISO is downloaded, you can either create a bootable DVD, or USB flash drive. For creating a DVD or USB see Install Ubuntu 13.04.  You can also use UNetbootin, to create the USB.  I would recommend that you try Ubuntu before installing just to make sure that it works OK with your hardware.

You have tagged your question with 12.10, if that's what you want to install, then you can download it Here

Make sure that you change your boot sequence to be able to boot from either the DVD or USB.


First of all, USB 3.0 is a communication/plug/cable standard and no file system, so you can't "format" anything to USB 3.0 or USB 2.0!

Furthermore, the data transfer rate always depends on the slowest device in the connection. So no matter if you use a 3.0 device on a 2.0 port or a 2.0 device on a 3.0 port or even both 3.0 device and port, but with a 2.0 hub in between, you always only get 2.0 speed.

Now a 3.0 USB port should be downwards-compatible with other devices and recognize even 1.1 drives, but the other way round that could be a problem. A 2.0 port does not automatically have to recognize 3.0 devices, unless they offer a compatibility feature (written on the packaging, something like "USB 2.0 compatible" - most devices have this). You could check whether your drive offers such a feature or not.

To troubleshoot not recognized USB devices in general, you check the lsusb output before plugging in the device, wait a minute (!) and then check the lsusb output again. The interesting thing is whether any additional lines showed up.

If nothing changes after you plugged in the device, it is not recognized as USB device, but maybe the kernel could at least detect it in any way. To check this, first clear the kernel message buffer with sudo dmesg --clear. Then plug in the USB device, wait a minute (!) and check the output of dmesg. Anything related to USB is interesting for your problem and might highlight the cause why it is not recognized properly. If you see no interesting line even there, I would have to say I see no more hope for your device on that machine...


Ubuntu Software Center won't install packages correctly

The best way I have found to install applications is to search for them in the terminal with sudo apt search (application), and then sudo apt install (application).


Getting data off a windows drive by booting with ubuntu

I would first do a complete copy of the drive with dd to work on a copy and not on the real data, but this requires to have a drive big enough for that.

Since the partition seems to be badly broken, a tool like Testdisk ( http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk ) would likely solve your problem.

Another solution is maybe to simply copy it from windows to a usb key ?


How do I transfer Ubuntu 16.04 from external USB drive to an inetrnal disk partition?

You can't do this. You've to install ubuntu in internal hdd and install all the apps.

You can resize the windows 10 partition to create a new partition and install ubuntu on the new partition. You can resize windows 10 partition using gparted when booting from usb.


How to make newsboat autorefresh every minute?

You have to configure the application according to its documentation.
Create two files with urls and options. Below is minimal reproducible example:
echo "https://askubuntu.com/feeds" > ~/.newsboat/urls

cat << EOF > ~/.newsboat/config
auto-reload yes
reload-time 1
EOF

Then run NewsBoat with newsboat -r . It will refresh every 1 minute.

See man newsboat for details locally or online.


You might check out "Focus Follows Mouse" GNOME extension at https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/767/focus-follows-mouse/. You can also search there for other "focus" extensions that may better suit your needs.


Am I to submit bug reports for Ubuntu core apps to launchpad.net

If the programs come from the official repositories, then yes, you submit bug reports to launchpad.net.  In the case of packages in the universe pocket, they generally receive less attention and so may not be fixed by someone in the Ubuntu world, but hopefully someone ( and you yourself could jump in and do this ) will forward the bug to the upstream developers, who are more likely to fix it.  It is helpful when doing this to make sure that the bug still applies to the latest upstream version first, but testing this does require that you build the upstream program from source yourself and test it.


Team Fortress 2 Sound Stops Working After Using Microphone

Try minimizing and going to the sound settings from the upper right volume control, then switch from your preferred audio device to some other, and then back.

This works for me when I oddly lose sound. It has something to do with switching programs I think.


What simpler mail server can I use instead of postfix?

A simple relay-only mail transport agent is nullmailer.

There is a good configuration guide here: http://www.troubleshooters.com/linux/nullmailer/

That configuration guide is old enough that it omits one important configuration file: /etc/nullmailer/allmailfrom. Put just the email address you want the mail to be sent From in there. This helps tremendously when configuring various applications to send mail.


I have tried searching in the internet extensively and also many different suggestions but none of them worked. However I got it checked by one of friends. He tried many stuff on his own too but did not work initially.

Later he tried using 24 for the netmask (instead of the common 255.255.255.0) in the the Network Configurations window and then BINGO the Save button got enabled again and then I could save the settings. Now the usual "255.255.255.0" also works fine.

Following this I restarted the service using sudo service network-manager restart and now all is working fine!!!!

Thanks Tim and everyone


Déjà Dup Backup failed to execute child process “duplicity” (No such file or directory) Ubuntu Mate 18.04.4 LTS

You have also try to reinstall these packages with duplicity executable by

sudo apt-get install --reinstall duplicity deja-dup

if their files were corrupted.

Your Python 2 installation is corrupted, you can get /usr/bin/python2 back by

sudo apt-get install --reinstall python-minimal


Database Data transfer from one server to another server in linux

First of all you want to set up Master Slave Replication in MySQL. All steps are clearly explained in this site.

Next, you need to create a shell scripts that contains mysql connection and the commands to start/stop replication.

STOP SLAVE;

START SLAVE;

Last, you need to set up a cron job to run the shell scripts similar to this.

# Minute   Hour   Day of Month   Month  Day of Week   Command
# (0-59)  (0-23)     (1-31)     (1-12)    (0-6)
    0       0           *          *        1           sh shell_script.sh


Wrong permissions of /dev/null (XUbuntu 15.10)

As Rinzwind properly mentioned, /dev/null is created on every boot , but specifically every device including /dev/null is created by MAKEDEV script, which is referenced in several /etc/init scripts as shown bellow:

xieerqi:$ sudo grep -iR "makedev" /etc 2 > /dev/null
[sudo] password for xieerqi:

    xieerqi:$ sudo grep -iR "makedev" /etc 2> /dev/null
    [sudo] password for xieerqi:
    /etc/init/mounted-dev.conf: /sbin/MAKEDEV std fd ppp tun
    /etc/init/mounted-dev.conf:     /sbin/MAKEDEV console
    /etc/init.d/udev:create_dev_makedev() {
    /etc/init.d/udev:  if [ -e /sbin/MAKEDEV ]; then
    /etc/init.d/udev:    ln -sf /sbin/MAKEDEV /dev/MAKEDEV
    /etc/init.d/udev:    ln -sf /bin/true /dev/MAKEDEV
    /etc/init.d/udev:    create_dev_makedev

The /sbin/MAKEDEV and /sbin/makedev are the same script, which have in the header settings for all the devices and their respective permissions. In particular, on makedev  my system creates the null device with $public permissions:

makedev null c 1 3 $public

At the top the public is defined as public="  root root   0666"

You should be able to open this script and modify the permissions as necessary or verify they are not altered in any way.

However, if they are unaltered, it is strongly recommended to report this behavior as bug, and for your own convenience probably switch to gdm for the time being.


Ubuntu 16.04 on Surface Book - Wireless internet disconnects randomly until restart

I also finally ran out of patience a couple of days ago after passively tolerating the same problem for a while.

I know disabling power management is one of the suggestions you linked to having unsuccessfully tried, but it seems to be working for me so far (at least as a way of avoiding the actual bug while its cause is unclear)...

I've disabled it through editing /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf because all the /etc/pm stuff no longer works. systemd (which is now in charge of power management) ignores it (although the files are all still there from several packages ) -- did you do the same? NetworkMangler now seems to be the thing which best takes precedence over everything else for this setting (based on some half-arsed experimentation).

Running iwconfig consistently yields Power management:off which confirms the change has at least taken effect.

Note for passers-by on the setting I'm talking about: in /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf. I changed wifi.powersave = 3 to 2. 3 means enabled. 2 means disabled. 0 and 1 are "set to default" and "do nothing". This isn't really documented. My source was a random gist.

That said, I've not lived with it for that long (just a couple of days) so it's possible this hasn't actually resolved anything. I'll check back in here if it hasn't. Best of luck!


There are no size limitations for a charm however if you're going to be modifying these assets it's sometimes easier to have them downloaded from an external source than modifying the charm.


gnome tweak tool will install both gnome3 and gnome2 fallback
and install gnome-tweak-tool

also for themes download from gnome look
and extract the files on directory ~/.themes (if not exist just create it )


I to have recently setup this up in my office to and DNS is an absolute key when it comes to Domain Controllers, I have you changed the DNS server settings on the client PC's? On windows if you go to:

Network and sharing Center -> Change adapter settings -> Right click & properties -> IPv4 settings -> and change the DNS server address in the bottom field to the IP address of the PDC.

If you configure client PC's IP settings through your router than you need to set the DNS server config to the IP of your server.

Also make sure your PDC resolves to its own IP address when you use lookup.

One other issue I encountered when I set this up was my clients had not internet connection and it required me to change my DNS forwarder in /etc/samba/smb.conf to google's DNS which is 8.8.8.8.

I am no expert so somebody may correct me but i faced similar issues and this is how i resolved them!


Gedit

http://www.sublimetext.com/3

Eclipse

Gedit is my first preference always


Session locked after xubuntu-desktop installing

In my case following helps:

sudo apt-get purge light-locker


Looks like the latest version for 14.04.3 is clang 3.6 in Trusty Updates. But the developers maintain a PPA which should get you the latest version:

LLVM Debian/Ubuntu nightly packages

To install 3.8 you would first add the key:

wget -O - http://llvm.org/apt/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key|sudo apt-key add -

and then add the repository for 3.8 by adding the following line manually to /etc/apt/sources.list (or using the gui 'Software & Updates'):

deb http://llvm.org/apt/trusty/ llvm-toolchain-trusty-3.8 main

Screenshot here to demonstrate the technique:

Then run the following:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install clang-3.8 lldb-3.8

Test the installation as follows:

andrew@corinth:~$ clang-3.8 --version
clang version 3.8.0-svn262614-1~exp1 (branches/release_38)
Target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
andrew@corinth:~$

And hopefully this will get you going...


Can I have ubuntu forget about unmet dependency errors?

There is essentially no way to make Ubuntu ignore all unmet dependency errors. And if you did achieve that, then you would create a system in an inconsistent state where different parts couldn't work together as designed. Which would be bad.

But if you decide to back out of installing something, that you can do. Most of the time, you can successfully uninstall a stuck "half-installed" package. For some packages, this should be avoided (or simulated first with apt-get -s to make sure removing them won't remove lots of other needed packages). But for something like Adobe Reader, it should be safe to go ahead and attempt uninstallation, like roadmr suggests:

sudo apt-get remove acroread-bin

This will most likely also uninstall other Adobe Reader related packages (any that depend on acroread-bin). But you want that, because those packages cannot run without it.

If you get errors removing acroread-bin, of course please let us know.

Alternatively (whether or not there are errors removing it), you might just want to try some of the solutions to How do I resolve unmet dependencies?


How to import Anaconda's modules in system's python?

That's not going to work and it's not related to module search paths.

Let's assume you managed to set the correct module search path or link the path of the module cv2 to a location in the current module search path of the system Python. Now Python 3.5.3 would try to load a native module compiled for Python 3.6.1. Unfortunately different Python versions have different ABIs (Application Binary Interface) which means that native modules compiled for one Python version tend to not work in different Python versions. This becomes more likely the greater the difference between the Python versions. A change in the number after the dot in a version string is already considered a "major" change.

You need to compile and install that module again for the desired Python version and installation. See How to install OpenCV 3.1 for Python 3.5 On Ubuntu 16.04 LTS?


Add Group Permission to Run chmod Command on Group Owned Files

For what I know, only the owner of the file (and root) are allowed to change the permissions bit of a file.

So for doing what you want probably you should resort to write a little program that change the permissions as you want, and use the sudoers mechanism to give access to it to all the users of the group.

The script could be a simple one that checks if the files is of the "tunegroup" one, and if yes, execute the command as root. (It is important to check for all kind of errors here to avoid abuse). Then you can enable normal users (or users of the aforementioned group) to run this script as root.


Ubuntu 12.10 installation not initializing while trying to install from USB

It seems like your computer is still trying to boot from the USB. Try to take it out of the computer and boot again.


Can't format or access a detected USB Key

For fdisk and mkfs you need to use sudo. Also if you need to format, you first need to create partitions. For doing that, the stick can not be mounted.

Maybe it's easiest for you to use a GUI:

gksudo gparted

command line

find /dev/sdX for your stick

sudo fdisk -l
empty the stick

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=4k && sync
create primary partition

sudo fdisk /dev/sdX

then press n - primary - w
format the partition

sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdX1


Ubuntu 13.04 wake up hibernate suspend black display on Nokia Booklet 3G

Try experimenting the arguments of pm-suspend, for example:

pm-suspend --quirk-radeon-off


Will there be a better alternative than Uniy in future?

It is quite simply not true that anyone has forced you to upgrade to Unity. You can still use the old shell if you don't like the new one, as these screenshots prove. Nobody has even forced you to upgrade Ubuntu, with 10.04 being supported for another full year after the next LTS is released in April. It is much better to ask questions.

Anyway, this is how my Ubuntu 11.10 desktop looked after spending two minutes customizing it. As you can see, it is the old desktop.


iPhone large file transfer via USB on Ubuntu 16.04

You need this : libimobiledevice

This is a cross-platform package which communicates with i-devices and get file-system access (and much more) and needs no jailbreaking.

Most recent version is 1.2.0 and you can read details here: Official page : libimobiledevice.org

Coming to installation, there is already excellent description available here : Mounting i-devices on ubuntu

After mounting your iphone like a USB device, you will be able to access the folders and then your transfer job will be just copy/paste thing.

If you are transferring a video file and it is not recognized by the default video app on iPhone, then the issue is with the file format including bitrate and frames per second. To solve this, one can simply convert to iPhone supported video format easily using Handbrake video encoder.

This application is available in the software repository and installation is easy using the the Software center on 14.04 or Software on 16.04.
In the application, choose 'iPhone and iPod touch' shown in  Devices menu on the right.

(*  Most of the times it is noticed that the file size becomes smaller than original. If you have several files, you can queue them and convert all of them together.)

After the transfer of the files, you need to the Sync the folder where you have placed  the file(s) in the particular application, say iTunes to get the new video(s) playable.


How to blacklist of file:/// command in google chrome browser for Ubuntu 18

Create chrome URLBlacklist policy:

$ mkdir -p /etc/opt/chrome/policies/{managed,recommended}
$ touch /etc/opt/chrome/policies/managed/URLBlacklist.json
$ chmod -R -w /etc/opt/chrome/policies

URLBlacklist.json policy:

{
    "URLBlacklist": [ "file://*" ]
}

References:

administrators - Linux Quick
Start
Block access to a list of URLs
URL blacklist filter format


As suggested in a comment by @guiverc, it would perhaps be more convenient to use partitionmanager on qt-based systems.

While partitionmanager is initially installed as part of Lubuntu 18.10, an automatic purge removes it and so a full install of Lubuntu 18.10 lacks partitionmanager:

Start-Date: 2018-11-21  18:15:54
Commandline: apt-get --purge -q -y remove ^live-* calamares-settings-lubuntu calamares hunspell-en-us zram-config partitionmanager cifs-utils
Purge: hunspell-en-us:amd64 (1:2018.04.16-1), calamares-settings-lubuntu:amd64 (27), casper:amd64 (1.399), lupin-casper:amd64 (0.57build1), calamares:amd64 (3.2.2-0ubuntu1), cifs-utils:amd64 (2:6.8-2), calamares-settings-ubuntu-common:amd64 (27), partitionmanager:amd64 (3.3.1-2), zram-config:amd64 (0.5)
End-Date: 2018-11-21  18:16:23

Start-Date: 2018-11-21  18:16:26
Commandline: apt-get --purge -q -y autoremove
Purge: libkpmcore7:amd64 (3.3.0-3), localechooser-data:amd64 (2.71ubuntu3), user-setup:amd64 (1.63ubuntu5)
End-Date: 2018-11-21  18:16:31

Anyway, the user can simply re-install partitionmanager with sudo apt install partitionmanager after which it will appear in the menu as KDE Partition Manager.


Remap / reinstall network settings after hardware change - Ubuntu 12.04

The mapping of hardware to Ubuntu network device is in /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules.

The trouble is that when you moved the disk to new hardware, new mappings were made for the network devices that don't match what is in /etc/network/interfaces. If you do ifconfig -a, you will probably see what is going on.

Remove /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules and reboot. On boot it will be reconstructed, and you should have a set of devices that match the definitions in /etc/network/interfaces.


Ubuntu 14.04 doesn't boot any more, kernel panic appears

Do you see the boot menu?

-- Boot menu, 14.04 LTS --
Ubuntu
Advanced options for Ubuntu
System Setup

... if not, try hitting ESC while the computer starts up... before and/or while "Ubuntu ....." is shown (if it is shown).

When or if you see the menu: Use the cursor keys ( ↓ and ↑ ) to select Advanced options for Ubuntu and press enter

By that you should get a menu similar to this:

-- Advanced options for Ubuntu --
Ubuntu, with Linux 3.15...-generic
Ubuntu, with Linux 3.15...-generic (recovery mode)
Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic
Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode)

You will probably have a different set of entries, the recovery mode items are for more advanced fault finding and remedy. Keep out of those for the time being.

Instead use the cursor keys and select what you have in the place where it reads Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic above. Then press enter again...

I hope that will allow your computer to be used...

Please tell us if this helped, we might be able to help you get beck to normal depending on any more detail you provide on the outcome of it.

Edit your posting and add a line with <hr> and insert more details after it.
Repeat the same if you have more...

-- Addition, for fixing or removing the problem with the default boot option --

The problem seems to be a nonworking setup for the latest(?) linux-kernel - this has probably been added together with updates - and failed to install properly.

To try to get it up and running, boot using the method above, login and then do:
Hold CTRL+Alt and hit T - this should open a "Terminal" (check menu:Help>About with the window active, it says Gnome Terminal with the default setup).

If you're unfamiliar with the Terminal:
In that window you should now see the last line displaying a single $, if you type anything on the keyboard, your typing will appear to the right of it.
The first word will be taken as a command to execute, the remainder of the line will be passed to that command as "arguments" allowing the command to interpret them and act accordingly.

Now, a first simple attempt to FIX the problem: Type what is in left side column in the list below; the text after and including the # is the technical explanation of what that should do. This is an attempt to rebuild the boot menus. This MAY be enough, but may also fail.

Press enter on each line. As you do so on the FIRST line, you will be asked to type your password, if you fail to get it right you will be asked two more times. If you fail in the third attempt, just press ↑ (cursor up) once and then enter again.

sudo update-initramfs -u                          # remakes boot ramdisk
sudo update-grub2                                 # re-creates boot menu

As you have done that - assuming nothing reads "error" or "fail" in the output - you may try to reboot - using the default option this time.
If that works - then all should be fine... no need to do more. :-)

If it DOESN'T work, then the "easy" fix is to remove the non-working option. This is also something you do from the Terminal (there might be other ways too, but I'll ignore them ;-)  - and you need to boot the same way as before.

This prints the currently ACTIVE kernel name - the one you're using.

uname -r

Again: which kernel you're USING, especially take note of the EXACTLY how the numbers read zeros and all - do not "abbreviate" in any way.

Now, with that known:
... you will see similar series of numbers on each line from what is listed by this set of commands - one of the number-sets should match exactly:

dpkg --list | head -n 5 && dpkg --list | grep linux-image

the first 5 lines is a summary of information that may help - if you have to copy it here - in case of trouble. These five lines explains the first two/three characters on the following lines.
You may need to expand the width of the Terminal window to see "lines" as they are quite long and tend to wrap down on one extra line with the standard width.

Now the 'linux-image-x.x.x.x-generic' that does match what uname -r above printed is the one to keep.
But ALL the others - I suggest to FIRST take the one listed on top in the 'Advanced options' menu - may be removed with

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-x.x.x.x-generic

... where you are to replace 'linux-image-x.x.x.x-generic' with the exact same as dpkg --list ... (above) said in column two.

Generally there is no need to keep more than the latest working option / kernel in the boot menus. If there are too many it may actually create a problem: the related part of the hard disk growing full.

IMPORTANT:
As you have done all (or just one), repeat the same as above once again.
This should hopefully, now tell NO errors or fails.

sudo update-initramfs -u                          # remakes boot ramdisk
sudo update-grub2                                 # re-creates boot menu

update 2015-05-17
How to use kernel 3.16 on 14.04 LTS
Follow the instructions for Trusty here:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack
NOTE: Avoid kernels later than 3.16 for the time being, unless you're knowledgeable.


How do i make a COMPLETE BOOTABLE iso of my system?

Look at CloneZilla (http://clonezilla.org/) to make an image of your hard drive. You can then dump that image onto another HDD and boot it just like it was the original.

NOTE: The second drive has to be at least as big as the original drive.


I have Ubuntu 16.04,how to install Windows,dual boot

yea preferred to make new partition and that's wont affect your Ubuntu ,
but make sure you don't format the Ubuntu ,
First make new partition before installing Windows (ntfs partition)
second install windows on that free partition.
and you may find when reboot that the device just boot for windows or Ubuntu , it's okay , you have to update your Grub then you will find the both at Grub list.
I did the same but was having windows first.


i do it this way:

1.
sudo apt-get install php5-odbc alien

2.
alien –i –c iSeriesAccess-6.1.0-1.2.x86_64.rpm

3.
nano /etc/odbc.ini

[DATASOURCE NAME]
Description = iSeries Access ODBC Driver DSN for iSeries
Driver = iSeries Access ODBC Driver
System = IP ADDRESS OF YOUR iSERIES
UserID =
Password =
Naming = 0
DefaultLibraries = QGPL
Database = YOUR DATABASE
ConnectionType = 0
CommitMode = 2
ExtendedDynamic = 0
DefaultPkgLibrary = QGPL
DefaultPackage = A/DEFAULT(IBM),2,0,1,0,512
AllowDataCompression = 1
LibraryView = 0
AllowUnsupportedChar = 0
ForceTranslation = 0
Trace = 0
CCSID = 1208


I ran to a similar screen corruption issue on Ubuntu 14.04.2 on a ThinkPad X61s which has the same graphics chipset, and found a solution. It seems that recent Intel drivers have changed from UXA acceleration to SNA acceleration by default. However, the SNA method does not always work properly with old cards, so using the older UXA is a more solid option.

Try creating /etc/X11/xorg.conf with the following lines:

Section "Device"
    Identifier "Intel Graphics"
    Driver "intel"
    Option "AccelMethod" "uxa"
EndSection

Then log out (to restart the X server) and log in.


Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit running on low graphics mode on windows 8?

Do you mean two systems on the same computer? Update your video driver for Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit


Ubuntu terminal displays a message each time it is opened: "bash: /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64: No such file or directory"

You could try running .bashrc in debug mode:
$ bash -x ~/.bashrc
and see if that shows up where the error is occurring. Otherwise you need to go through the script files and see if any command is running a java based script.

try creating a second user account. Log in to this and see if the same error occurs when opening a terminal. That will determine if this is local to your account or global to all accounts. That at least narrows the search!


Netplan Static Address for a specific connection otherwise dhcp

I can tell you that this is not supported today, because address and routing information in netplan is associated with the interface only, and not with the access points.

It is a reasonable thing to want to be able to do through netplan.  Could you file a bug report requesting this at https://bugs.launchpad.net/netplan?


Just go to the main website and install Atom's .deb package into your Downloads directory.
Then use dpkg -i to install the package or use the GUI installer by clicking on the downloaded .deb file and it will reinstall it for you.


Low priority process (nice 19) getting more CPU time than regular process (nice 0)

Ok, so it seems I have found an answer.
Running iotop made me realize what was going on - it was reporting the pyrad jobs as taking 100% I/O, which meant the jobs were effectively I/O and not CPU bound.

After a trip to the server room where no errors were being reported on the HUD display, entering the iDRAc controller revealed a degraded RAID5 array.

Now that the array is fixed, everything is back to normal operation.

Regardless, thank you all for your suggestions and time.


You can do it with xkblayout-state and i3blocks

For xkblayout-state:

I assume you have git.

~$ git clone https://github.com/nonpop/xkblayout-state.git
~$ cd xkblayout-state
~$ make

Now copy compiled xkblayout-state somewhere in your PATH, for example:

~$ `cp xkblayout-state /usr/local/bin/`

Now for i3blocks:

sudo apt-get install i3blocks
cp /etc/i3blocks.conf ~/.i3blocks.conf

In your i3 config file (~/.config/i3/config) replace i3status with i3blocks,

# Start i3bar to display a workspace bar (plus the system information i3status
# finds out, if available)
bar {
        status_command i3blocks
        tray_output primary
}
# in case of layout change event - send signal to i3blocks
bindsym ISO_Next_Group exec pkill -RTMIN+1 i3blocks

And restart i3wm (mod+shift+R), you should now see that i3blocks appeared.

Open your ~/.i3blocks.conf and add somewhere (for example, right above [VOLUME] section):

#Language indicator
[language]
#label=LNG
command=xkblayout-state print %s | awk '{print toupper($0)}'
interval=once
signal=1

Again, restart i3wm (mod+shift+R), and you should see your locales in status bar, switching.

Check out  xkblayout-state --help, there is many options for different output.


Try this :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine1.7

And that should install wine properly for you. Try again.


There are a number of fixes that seem to resolve this issue and you can find them by searching the internet. This one seems to mention a number of them: http://www.tomsguide.com/answers/id-2348754/toshiba-satellite-laptop-turn-blinking-orange-light.html

This is not an Ubuntu issue and it appears to be resolved by hardware solutions.


Print unique words, total number of occurrences and sum using `awk`

No, there is no such index. Array values don't keep count of how many times they have been incremented. The most natural thing to do here is to use a second array:

$ awk -F, '{sum[$1]+=$2;seen[$1]++} END{for(x in sum) print x,seen[x],sum[x]}' file
A 2 25
B 1 12
C 3 18

You can also use a two dimensional array as shown in Kos's answer but, as you can see, that really doesn't simplify things in any way. Alternatively, you could use some perl magic:

$ perl -F, -lane 'push @{$k{$F[0]}},${$k{$F[0]}}[-1]+$F[1];
            END{print "$_ ",$#{$k{$_}}+1," ${$k{$_}}[-1]" for keys(%k)}' file
C 3 18
B 1 12
A 2 25

No, that is not line noise and yes, it uses a single array to print everything.


How can I manage saved complete web pages and their directories (e.g n.html and n_files) in Nautilus

You can download the entire thing using wget.

wget -r --level=0 --convert-links --page-requisites --no-parent http://url.com

-r means it's recursive

--level=0 means it goes down an infinite amount of levels (so http://url.com/pictures/babes/pics.html will be saved, not just the top level page)

--convert-links means it converts the links from link to link

--page-requisites means it downloads everything that's required to display the page properly. Like images, javascripts, etc.

--no-parent means it doesn't download pages that are "higher up". So if you want http://url.com/graphics/index.html and "below", http://url.com/index.html won't be downloaded.


Uninstall backtrack 5 dual booted with Ubuntu

You should delete the files of backtrack and type sudo update-grub in the terminal of Ubuntu.


Adobe Flash for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS not working

Pepper Flash is Chrome/Chromium only (made by Google), not Firefox. If you want to uninstall it, you can do

sudo apt-get remove pepperflashplugin-nonfree

but really, there is no reason to as it can coexist with the Adobe version of Flash.

To install flash, do

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree

If that doesn't work, we will need more details as far as what exactly is going wrong.

Source: https://wiki.debian.org/PepperFlashPlayer


At the menu when booting, I selected Memory Test and immediately, it showed error after error for one of my modules (thankfully the smallest one, only 1GB).

Removed it and the LiveCD/USB boot first time without a hitch!

If you have a similar issue... try testing the memory too!


Copy/Backup ext4 files to external ntfs hdd: Permissions etc

ntfs doesn't store unix ownership and permissions without special configuration.  This generally doesn't matter to data files like documents or music, but if you are planning on backing up the whole system, the permissions will need to be preserved, so you will need to use something like tar rather than just copying the files.


Why i have an ip for ssh and ifconfig shows another one in eth0?

Potentially you had a static IP address defined but also had DHCP running.

Instead of using ifconfig, see if there are multiple ip addresses configured on the interface via

ip addr show eth0

See if there is a dhcp service running

ps -ef | grep dhcp

You can disable the dhcp service via

sudo systemctl disable dhcpcd

Then i would say restart the device and see if the secondary IP address has disappeared.
This could have happened because your DNS (/etc/resolv.conf) is setup correctly and points to your DHCP server to grab an IP


It would seem that your Windows was installed in BIOS mode  as there is no EFI partition on /dev/sdc but the system is currently in EFI mode per lshw output. You should be able change this setting in your BIOS to either UEFI and Legacy or Legacy and if nothing else is awry the system should boot. The aforementioned discrepency between boot mode and installation mode is very likely what is confusing boot-repair (which you will likely need to run again once your system is booting in the same mode that you installed your operating systems.


System user write permissions to samba share

I admit I do not understand this fstab entry:

//192.168.11.6/media /home/qbt-nox/nas cifs guest,uid=1111,gid=113 0 0

I do not understand who 1111 is and what relationship that user has to 113. Since this is a guest accessible share I would just open it up to everyone on your local Linux box:
//192.168.11.6/media /home/qbt-nox/nas cifs guest,uid=1111,gid=113,nounix,dir_mode=0777,file_mode=0666 0 0

I kept the uid / gid specification in there just in case something requires it but the above should make it read / write to every local user.
You can modify dir_mode / file_mode to ... for example 0775 / 0664 if you only want this 1111 user you speak of and the group user 113 to have write access and everyone else read.


Landscape and its Autopilot component can install OpenStack for you, provided you meed the hardware requirements.

OpenStack is a whole new ballgame when compared to VMware. ESXi is not a cloud, it's just a rack of (virtual) machines.


Why does Astrill VPN client have no panel icon and no memory between each runtime?

For some reason astrill isn't being registered with unity when it is installed.  You can fix this by copying it to /usr/share/applications/ and create a panel icon by dragging the icon to the panel.

Astrill should have created a launcher on the desktop when it installed.  If not create the file Astrill.desktop with the following content:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Astrill
GenericName=VPN Client
Comment=Browse the Internet safely with Astrill
Exec=/usr/local/Astrill/astrill
Icon=/usr/local/Astrill/astrill.ico
Terminal=false
X-MultipleArgs=false
StartupNotify=true
Categories=GNOME;GTK;Application;Network;
Name[en_US]=Astrill

Next copy the file to /usr/share/applications/, change the owner to root and remove group write permissions.

$ sudo cp ~/Desktop/Astrill.desktop /usr/share/applications/
$ sudo chown root:root /usr/share/applications/Astrill.desktop
$ sudo chmod g-w /usr/share/applications/Astrill.desktop
$ ls -l /usr/share/applications/ | grep Astrill
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   314 Jul 10 12:54 Astrill.desktop

After finishing, the last line should be the same with above (with a different time and date obviously).  You should also now be able to find Astrill using the unity menu.

To add a panel icon, simply ensure that the Astrill icon on the desktop is executable and drag it onto the panel and launch from this icon.

Hope this helps.


journalctl -u NetworkManager

That does the trick


after disabling dpms, how to keep dpms disabled after resume from suspend?

Power-manager and screensaver fiddle with the settings while they are running. – Make sure you have them under control.


Individual Applications

For individual apps, the best way is filing a bug requests or feature request in the individual applications.

Some upstream development portals might be having explicit feature for asking user ideas but most of them use their bug tracker for that.

Example, you want a new feature in Synapse (the kick-ass launcher powered by zeitgeist) then you can file a bug request, ask for the feature and ask for the bug to be classified under [Wishlist].

Or before filing bugs for wishlist, you might want to talk to the devs of the particular application. You can look at their mailing list or IRC channel.


Bang & Olufsen audio issue on HP laptops

I think I might have solved it (Bass Speaker visible in ALSAMixer) on my HP Pavilion x360 with the dreaded ALC295 codec.

Install the alsa-tools package if you haven't already: sudo apt install alsa-tools

Create this script file at /usr/local/bin/fix_headphones_audio.sh:

#!/bin/bash
while true; do
    DEVICE=`ls /dev/snd/hwC[[:print:]]*D0 | head -n 1`
    if [ ! -z "$DEVICE" ]; then
        hda-verb "$DEVICE" 0x20 SET_COEF_INDEX 0x67
        hda-verb "$DEVICE" 0x20 SET_PROC_COEF 0x3000
        break
    fi
    sleep 1
done

Then create the systemd service file at /etc/systemd/system/fix_headphones_audio.service:

[Unit]
Description=Fix headphones audio after boot & resume.
After=multi-user.target suspend.target hibernate.target

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/bin/sh '/usr/local/bin/fix_headphones_audio.sh'

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target suspend.target hibernate.target

After all of this is done, run sudo systemctl start fix_headphones_audio and sudo systemctl enable fix_headphones_audio. Try suspending and resuming your laptop and play something. Audio should no longer be distorted.

Now, if you were successful in fixing your crackling audio issue, we can move on to enabling the bass speaker:

Edit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa_base.conf and add this line:

options snd-hda-intel model=alc295-hp-x360

Run sudo update-initramfs -u to update the initramfs with the new modprobe configuration.

Reboot your laptop and everything should be working.

(Crackling sound fix courtesy of Erikas: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/ASUS_Zenbook_UX430#Headphones_audio_is_too_low)

If you found this answer useful, please go to Launchpad and confirm my issue so the developers can fix it upstream: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-driver/+bug/1874051


why can't I do alot of jobs in same time

There is no inherent reason you cannot "do a lot of jobs in the same time".

But some jobs are not meant to run at the same time. This is usually implemented by locking something.

In this case, you can imagine an update needing the current state of your machine, but it has to be sure nothing changed. If you are updating somehting (installing package X) and you run a different update that needs package X as well, it will ALSO try to install that package

Therefore, apt (or aptitude, or anything using the ubuntu package system) should not run at the same time, and uses this lock file mechanism to check.


TTY console not working on Imac/Ubuntu16.04

For those that have the same problem, the "workaround" I did was.

Reinstall to Ubuntu Zesty
Keep the 3.4 Nvidia driver (do not update to the newest.)
Keep nomodeset in the grub file

This worked for my with rEFInd on an Imac late 2015.


Postfix and relay with Gmail: i can't send emails

In conf file i think mydestination should look like this

mydestination = localhost, localhost.localdomain

After making changes you have to reload the conf

service postfix reload


i installed iredmail on my ubuntu desktop 14.04 but why is it i cant access the emails on another pc

I think that your firewall is blocking it. Try running sudo ufw disable to disable the firewall.


IdeaPad 5 15are05 - elan touchpad not working on 20.04 nor on 18.04

I found the solution, big shoutout to dl3it on Ideapad 5-15ARE05: Touchscreen not working | Lenovo Forums. (Note: it says touchscreen, but that's just the name of the touchpad I guess. It works fine.)

The problem is that the kernel does something wrong with the drivers. To fix this, you will have to install a mainline kernel and configure it yourself.

First off, install dependencies by executing this on a command line:

sudo apt-get install libncurses-dev flex bison openssl libssl-dev dkms libelf-dev libudev-dev libpci-dev libiberty-dev autoconf

Then, download kernel 5.6.x or 5.7.x (x can be any integer, I used 5.7.1 and it has been tested on 5.6.14 and 5.7.0-rc7) from source (via kernel.org). Once on kernel.org, click on [tarball] for the kernel you want.

Extract everything as you would do with any other .tar.gz file.

Then, move to the linux-5.6.x or linux-5.7.x directory in a command line.

Execute sudo make menuconfig and navigate to Device Drivers → Input device support → Touchscreens → Elan eKTH I2C touchscreen.

Once there, change the asterisk to an m by hitting enter and then typing the m.

After that, use the left and right arrows to change the selected option in the bottom to "save" and hit Enter. Then, you will want to save it as .config (which it should default to).

Now still being in the same directory, execute this command:

sudo make -jx && sudo make modules_install -jx && sudo make install -jx

(Change x to the amount of threads your CPU has. Leaving out this option will make this take a long time.)

This will take some time, but after it's finished, you will want to make sure your PC will boot on the new kernel. To do that, execute:

sudo update-initramfs -c -k <kernel-version>

(Change <kernel-version> to the kernel version you just installed, for example 5.7.1.)

Then, fix the grub config by executing:

sudo update-grub

And then reboot and your touchpad should work just fine!

NOTE: websites I used and didn't mention before:

BuildYourOwnKernel | Ubuntu Wiki
How to build and install the latest Linux kernel from source | freeCodeCamp


You likely need to install the missing bits with something like sudo apt install libbits-dev. I could be more specific if you said what bits are reported missing.


Command line flag for mplayer to use hardware acceleration?

Mind you if you have an nVidia graphics card you should not only specify the -vo device but also give a -vc setting. On my own system I give the following on the commandline:

mplayer -vo vdpau filename

(replacing 'filename' with the actual name of your file of course) and place the following in ~/.mplayer/config:

[vo.vdpau]
vc=ffmpeg12vdpau,ffwmv3vdpau,ffvc1vdpau,ffh264vdpau,ffodivxvdpau,

but there are several different ways of doing this. This method allows you to use different video out devices with MPlayer but will give proper -vc values when you specify -vo vdpau from the commandline.

Hope this helps :).


Can I configure Nautilus to step into archives instead of opening them in external File Roller application window?

Not in the way mc is doing it, but you can open them with Archive Mounter and then access them like a mounted file system.


See this article, where Ubuntu MATE is recommended as the best distro for laptops ☺

https://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/878620-the-best-linux-distros-of-2016


Have you tried installing it this way?

I did it like that yesterday and it works perfectly!


Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.04 dual boot . How to expand the size of Windows partition?

You should use Gparted, a great disk partitioning software.
It is recommended by many people.

Download it from here
Download the .iso file and boot from the live cd
You can move, re-size, copy. delete, create, etc partitions at will.

Another alternative you have is to boot from an Ubuntu live cd/usb and use Gparted from it.

Note - Although the download link says

  Editing partitions has the potential to cause LOSS of DATA.

That is not much encountered. As long as you are resizing onto an empty unallocated space you are safe.
I myself have done resizing many times and have never ever come across any data loss.
 Well, if you are a pessimist or tend to get a bit panicky at times, i would suggest a back-up of the most important data.


/dev/sda2: recovering journal after kubuntu screen

So it turns out that there was an error that I found using journalctl:

sudo journalctl -u lightdm

Something like this

lightdm: PAM unable to dlopen(pam_kwallet.so): /lib/security/pam_kwallet.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

I found out where this file comes using apt-file:

$ apt-file find pam_kwallet.so
libpam-kwallet4: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_kwallet.so

I installed libpam-kwallet4 using:

sudo apt-get install libpam-kwallet4

This got rid of the error in journalctl but lightdm didn't start automatically after booting yet. A

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

solved the issue.


In debian packaging (dpkg) installer, postinst disappears

The postinst file was correct - but it did not get copied in the installer.

Reasons -

Seems all 4 files are needed (postinst, postrm, preinst, prerm) - and their permission must be set (must be >=0555 and <=0775)
`


How to include microphone adjustment in sound menu

14.04

Download build dependencies and source

sudo apt-get build-dep indicator-sound
apt-get source indicator-sound

Change src/volume-control.vala

Modify default from false to true:

/** true when a microphone is active **/
public bool active_mic { get; private set; default = true; }

Comment line that sets hiding variable using //:

            case Context.SubscriptionEventType.REMOVE:
                //this.active_mic = false;
                break;

Build and install

cd indicator-sound-12.10.2+14.04.20140313/
mkdir build
cd build/
cmake ..
make
sudo make install

Kill running indicator-sound-service or Logout/login

pkill -f indicator-sound-service

Note:

For some reasons, you may want to skip sudo make install or didn't work, then just replace the executable:

sudo rm /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-sound/indicator-sound-service
sudo cp src/indicator-sound-service /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-sound/indicator-sound-service
pkill -f indicator-sound-service


no bootloader Ubuntu 16.04 Dual Boot Install Windows 10 UEFI

You appear to have a legacy install of Windows 10, since your disk is partitioning type DOS, not gpt.  This is odd if your machine was originally Windows 8, but maybe it had been upgraded from Windows 7 to result in the legacy install.  This implies you need to install Ubuntu in legacy mode too if you dual boot.  In the BIOS/UEFI settings, there may be a choice of which boot type is preferred, legacy or UEFI.  If you see such a choice, put legacy first to allow the Ubuntu install media to boot in legacy. The install media can boot both ways, so by setting legacy before UEFI, that should force the legacy boot.  It appears you have the necessary linux root and swap partitions, so early in the install, select "something else" and select those partitions for / and swap.


Clean install of ubuntu 18.04 LTS - struggling to set dns server manually

Solved, I just had to put my dns server in /etc/hosts

What does setting dns with gui even do then? Nothing?


apt-get upgrade produces ERROR: The Sage installation tree has moved

On the mailinglist, one of the Sage developers mentioned that this is a known issue with 7.0 and should be fixed soon. That was posted on 2016-02-04.

It appears that it has since been fixed with the 7.0~aimsppa1~qa201602060140061 release, (i.e. on 2016-02-06). I just ran apt-get update && apt-get upgrade and this problem was indeed fixed.


Yes, if -you- tell the installer to overwrite an OS it will format anything related to that OS. So, assuming Windows, C:, D:, E: and any other drive letters.

If the other OS is Ubuntu it will delete all partitions related to the OS.

If you have create "unallocated space" from the OS you use now you can use that to "install alongside" and you will have the new OS together with another OS. That will not delete your old OS.

As with any action that involves changing the disk layout: make a backup of your important files on any of the operating systems. It is even better to have a regular backup schedule.


Way To Call Through Dongle in Ubuntu 13.04

I'm using Modem Manager GUI instead of mobile partner for linux

Install Modem Manager GUI in ubuntu 12.04 and above

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linuxonly/modem+manager+gui
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install modem-manager-gui

Pros

View device information: Operator name, Mode, IMEI, IMSI, Signal level.
Send and receive SMS messages with long massages concatenation and store messages in database
Send USSD requests and read answers in GSM7 and UCS2 formats converted to system UTF8 charset.
Scan available mobile networks
5.It integrates with the ubuntu messaging indicator menu

Cons

no voice support


setresuid operation not permitted when calling via php

Fix for apache2.4 and mpm-itk
Place this in /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/security.conf

<IfModule mpm_itk_module>
    LimitUIDRange 0 6000
    LimitGIDRange 0 6000
</IfModule>

and restart apache.

This is not needed on apache2.2 but once I upgraded to apache2.4 my PHP scripts that were using shell_exec and sudo stopped working.


Can't boot Ubuntu 15.10 on a Lenovo YOGA 300-11IBY

Switch to UEFI mode. Disable secure boot. Then reinstall Ubuntu under UEFI mode. It should work then, at least it did for me.


How to substitute text before and/or after a variable string?

Use sed with range of lines:

$ sed '1,2s/weird/nice/' input.txt
this-is-cat-really-nice
this-is-dog-really-nice

there-is-cat-really-weird
there-is-dog-really-weird

that-is-cat-really-weird
that-is-dog-really-weird

To match anywhere in the file:

$ sed '/this-is-cat-really/{s/weird/nice/;N;s/weird/nice/}' input.txt
this-is-cat-really-nice
this-is-dog-really-nice

there-is-cat-really-weird
there-is-dog-really-weird

that-is-cat-really-weird
that-is-dog-really-weird

this-is-cat-really-nice
this-is-dog-really-nice


The best way to figure out what is going on during boot/reboot process is to check boot/reboot messages. If it's not enabled yet then edit '/etc/default/grub' and look for the line that says GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT remove the values 'quiet' and 'splash' and then from the terminal regenerate your grub config like so:

sudo update-grub

You should be able to see what slows your system down after you reboot your system. Another way to check for boot messages is to check the file '/var/log/boot' or running 'dmesg' command from the terminal.


Enabling encryption at install time: whole disk or partition only

If you tell the installer (Ubiquity) to install Ubuntu alongside the Windows OS (ie. leave Windows or any other OS intact), the only thing that will be encrypted is the partition(s) that your new Ubuntu installation resides on, not including the boot partition(s). The rest of your disk will be unaffected and left in it's current encrypted/non-ecrypted state.

To be more precise, if you let it use LVM like it wants to, in addition to the boot partition(s), a single partition will be created and encrypted with LUKS. That LUKS partition, in it's decrypted state, will contain an LVM physical volume which is allocated to a single LVM volume group. That volume group is then divided up into one or more LVM logical volume partitions upon which Ubuntu is installed.


How to switch between GPU's on an Asus EEE1015PN

I would recommend you take a look at the Ubuntu Help page on Hybrid Graphics. It seems to be very informative and exactly what you're looking for. I'll break it down for you as best I can though right here... :-)

As the original how-to post is almost two pages long I won't post it in it's entirety on using and enabling it. Rather, I'll just post the relevant links for you that belong to each section.

Please note: I had no hand in writing the afore mentioned how-to/tutorial, I am just quoting the original author. All credits go to said person.

Enabling VGA Switcheroo

The links for Switching and Enabling the VGA Switcheroo are listed as the following...

Hybrid Graphics: Switching the CPU
Hybrid Graphics: Enabling VGA Switcheroo

Using vga_switcheroo

The links for using VGA Switcheroo are listed as the following...

Hybrid Graphics: Using VGA Switcheroo
Hybrid Graphics: Use inside of an X Session
Hybrid Graphics: Script for use during Boot

Various Small Fixes

And finally the link for the Small Fixes Section can be found below...

Hybrid Graphics: Various Small Fixes

That should get you halfway there at the very least, if it doesn't help you at all please do let us know! And if it does help you let us know that too!


for shutdown and restart your pc in terminal use : telinit 0  and telinit 6 ,respectively.

telinit 0

telinit 6


Which packages are required for complete GNOME desktop / Snap integration?

Packages

gnome-software-plugin-snap

gnome-software
libappstream-glib8
libc6
libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0
libglib2.0-0
libsnapd-glib1

libjson-glib-1.0-0
libsoup2.4-1
snapd
snapd-login-service (no longer required once #1581713 resolved? - see link below)

References

gnome-software-plugin-snap package (packages.ubuntu.com/artful)
gnome-software-plugin-snap request (bugs.debian.org #877684)
gnome-software bug (bugs.launchpad.net #1581713)


How to completely remove a virtual machine from VirtualBox?

By default virtual machines are stored in your home folder, that is /home/larbi/ in VirtualBox VMs.

Inside this folder you will find all your virtual machines.


How can I get Swell Foop (Same GNOME) working?

This is a known bug:

Launchpad bug report
Upstream bug report


Well after some searching I came to know that , your problem belongs to Kernel.All you need to is simply update your Kernel, Source .

So you have to update your Kernel to  3.9, and Instructions are

Open your terminal and then paste this command to make sure that your system is up to date.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade && sudo apt-get autoremove

Then

after doing update , restart your system to apply the changes and then change to tmp directory.

cd /tmp

Then for 32-bit Ubuntu Kernel is

wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.9-rc8-raring/linux-headers-3.9.0-030900rc8-generic_3.9.0-030900rc8.201304211835_i386.deb http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.9-rc8-raring/linux-headers-3.9.0-030900rc8_3.9.0-030900rc8.201304211835_all.deb http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.9-rc8-raring/linux-image-3.9.0-030900rc8-generic_3.9.0-030900rc8.201304211835_i386.deb

for 64-bit

wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.9-rc8-raring/linux-headers-3.9.0-030900rc8-generic_3.9.0-030900rc8.201304211835_amd64.deb http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.9-rc8-raring/linux-headers-3.9.0-030900rc8_3.9.0-030900rc8.201304211835_all.deb http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.9-rc8-raring/linux-image-3.9.0-030900rc8-generic_3.9.0-030900rc8.201304211835_amd64.deb

Then install it with

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

Then update your GRUB

sudo update-grub2

Now restart your system to apply the changes.

Source

Hope that helps.


Why do "ping undefinedhost" and "curl undefinedhost" (e.g. libc "gethostbyname") ping / contect to the local host instead of failing?

The explanation is the existence of an implicit host-name lookup domain search list in combination with the wildcard sub-domain that I have configured under the local domain that this machine is in, e.g. mydomain.net.
Citing man resolv.conf:

The search list is normally determined from the local domain name; by default, it contains only the local domain name.

I have a local bind server running and my domain is registered and active. My /etc/bind/local/db.mydomain.net looks like this:
...
@   IN  SOA mydomain.net. ....
...
host1   IN  A   138.201.175.226
*   IN  CNAME   host1.mydomain.net.
....

Thus, this behavior is totally correct and expected. I was just confused. :-)


What is the best way to add a new user using the command line?

If you had read man useradd you would have seen:

DESCRIPTION
       useradd is a low level utility for adding users. On Debian,
       administrators should usually use adduser(8) instead.

So, to add a user, better to use adduser.

  ...but if I create a new user using any of them it can't log into the GUI

This is totally false! Creating a new user using adduser, everything what is necessary for a new user to use the GUI is created. Here is an example:

$ sudo adduser test
[sudo] password for xxxx:
Adding user `test' ...
Adding new group `test' (1001) ...
Adding new user `test' (1001) with group `test' ...
Creating home directory `/home/test' ...
Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully
Changing the user information for test
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
    Full Name []: Test Test
    Room Number []: 7
    Work Phone []: 456123
    Home Phone []: 123456
    Other []: This user is used for tests
Is the information correct? [Y/n] n
Changing the user information for test
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
    Full Name [Test Test]:
    Room Number [7]:
    Work Phone [456123]:
    Home Phone [123456]:
    Other [This user is used for tests]:
Is the information correct? [Y/n] y

So, definitely adduser tool is the best way to add a new user using the command line!

See also: man adduser.


Install ubuntu and windows 10 in dual boot

If you have a single disk mounted on your device, you should consider manually partitioning it while installing Ubuntu. Because the disk will be locked and you won't be able to shrink or resize the partition to create free space if you let Ubuntu to do this automatically. You can still shrink but it will require booting ubuntu via an usb drive.
While installing Ubuntu, choose something else and manually create EFI , swap, / and /home partitions. EFI = 1024 MB, swap area = size of your RAM, / = minimum 8 GB and /home = according to your needs. Use the remaining unallocated space to install windows.


How can I install Ubuntu on an empty partition alongside Windows 10 with the ability to access another drive from both?

yes you can install ubuntu from another partition together with windows in ssd drive.

you can access partition on hdd in windows or linux ..

but i suggest to turn off fasboot mode in advanced power options(windows). becouse some time if you try bootup to linux. you can see file/folder on hdd . but you can't write, edit or delete it.

or

you can change filesystem on hdd partition to "exfat" and install "extfat-utils" to support mount hdd in linux.. if you want fastboot active and write to hdd drive in linux.


Check if you have

dns=dnsmasq

in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf. If you do, try commenting it out and restart network-manager:

sudo service network-manager restart

Also check that /etc/resolv.conf is a symlink to /run/resolvconf/resolv.conf


Error while trying to run /home/andy/bin/python3 paste_snippets.py which is linked to the key

I had to replace this line

   subprocess.call(["nautilus", directory])

with

    subprocess.call(["thunar", directory])

I do not have nautilus but use thunar as my file manager.


Is it possible to modify the Wubi Installer for other distros?

According to this link (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide#Can_I_use_Wubi_for_non-Ubuntu_based_distributions.3F) it is possible to modify Wubi for use with other distributions, this involves probably a lot of scripting/coding and recompiling of wubi, additionally some Linux files (in the distribution) may need patches and some packages are required.

Wubi can be easily rebranded and modified. (Wubi Guide: How do I compile Wubi from source?)
Note that you need the following: A Live CD with ubiquity + casper + lupin-support (which provides lupin-casper). The ISO must have a .disk/info formatted like the one in the Ubuntu ISO and with data matching what you provided in the isolist.ini (ibid)
Note that upstream files (Linux-side) need to be changed since normal distributions are generally not capable of targeting and booting (and rebooting) off of a loop device.
(Can I use Wubi for non-Ubuntu based distributions?)

That said, it is possible to modify Wubi to make it boot other distributions (such as Linux Mint) but this requires modification on the image side of your distribution.
You could try and rename a live image of a distribution you would like to boot to ubuntu-12.04-desktop-amd64.iso (or ubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386.iso depending on your architecture), put it in a place wubi can find it (root of any drive but C:\ or same folder as wubi) and then install "ubuntu" in wubi knowing that it is not really ubuntu.
I would, however, strongly recommend not to do so because it could potentially screw up many things: Wubi may refuse to start the installation, or it will install and the installed distribuation will not work properly.
In summary: Yes, wubi may be modified for other distributions but the distributions have to be modified correctly in order to work with wubi. So you will have to ask the maintainer of the distro of your choice to support wubi.


Install dual boot ubuntu with windows 10 and RAID on

You don't need to reinstall Windows...
Some folks have found the 2nd choice that I provide easier to do...
#Make sure to have a backup of your important Windows files!
You've got a single SSD set up in RAID mode, and the Ubuntu installer won't recognize your SSD until you switch your disk setting in the BIOS from RAID to AHCI.
Making that switch comes with some problems though, as Windows will no longer boot.
Choice #1: Looking at this article https://samnicholls.net/2016/01/14/how-to-switch-sata-raid-to-ahci-windows-10-xps-13/ will show you how to make the change without having to reinstall Windows.

Boot to Windows with your current SATA controller configuration
Open Device Manager
Expand Storage Controllers and identify the Intel SATA RAID Controller
View properties of the identified controller
On the Driver tab, click the Update driver… button
Browse my computer…, Let me pick…
Uncheck Show compatible hardware
Select Microsoft as manufacturer
Select Microsoft Storage Spaces Controller as model #
Accept that Windows cannot confirm that this driver is compatible
Save changes, reboot to BIOS and change RAID SATA Controller to AHCI
Save changes and reboot normally, hopefully to Windows

Now you should be able to install Ubuntu in a dual-boot configuration.
Choice #2: See http://triplescomputers.com/blog/uncategorized/solution-switch-windows-10-from-raidide-to-ahci-operation/

Right-click the Windows Start Menu. Choose Command Prompt (Admin).
If you don’t see Command Prompt listed, it’s because you have already been updated to a later version of Windows.  If so, use this method instead to get to the Command Prompt:
Click the Start Button and type cmd
Right-click the result and select Run as administrator
Type this command and press ENTER: bcdedit /set {current} safeboot minimal
If this command does not work for you, try bcdedit /set safeboot minimal
Restart the computer and enter BIOS Setup (the key to press varies between systems).
Change the SATA Operation mode to AHCI from either IDE or RAID (again, the language varies).
Save changes and exit Setup and Windows will automatically boot to Safe Mode.
Right-click the Windows Start Menu once more. Choose Command Prompt (Admin)
Type this command and press ENTER: bcdedit /deletevalue {current} safeboot
If you had to try the alternate command above, you will likely need to do so here also: bcdedit /deletevalue safeboot
Reboot once more and Windows will automatically start with AHCI drivers enabled.


cp: `./lcommands/cde.pdf' and `lcommands/cde.pdf' are the same file

find command would also search in the lcommand directory for any instances of the pdf files. Since the files were copied the pdf files were copied to the directory; find came up with the warning.


Ubuntu allow same/one/single user to connect from specific/many/multiple IP's?

You put the information all on one line

AllowUsers MyUser@IP_1 MyUser@IP_2

Or specify a range

AllowUsers MyUser@1.2.3.*

Or some variation on the iprange 1...* etc

See the man page for details http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/zesty/man5/sshd_config.5.html

  AllowUsers

  This keyword can be followed by a list of user name patterns,
  separated by spaces.  If specified, login is allowed only for
  user names that match one of the patterns.  Only user names are
  valid; a numerical user ID is not recognized.  By default, login
  is allowed for all users.  If the pattern takes the form
  USER@HOST then USER and HOST are separately checked, restricting
  logins to particular users from particular hosts.  HOST criteria
  may additionally contain addresses to match in CIDR
  address/masklen format.  The allow/deny directives are processed
  in the following order: DenyUsers, AllowUsers, DenyGroups, and
  finally AllowGroups.

Restart the ssh server or reload the configuration after editing

sudo service sshd restart


Nvidia 820M operating in a high temperature

Read the answer from one of the developers to your bug report on launchpad and upload the necessary data there...

There is nothing more you can do except give the developers more data to analyse and when they change the bug status to "released", you should get an update through the normal Ubuntu update system after that.

Be patient though: I've been waiting for an update for another "released" bug for 2 months now...  ;-)


Why it is important to Securing /dev/shm and /tmp

/tmp and /var/tmp are supposed to be world-writable (and sticky) so that all programs and/or users can create their temporary files there.
From TLDP:

  World-writable files, particularly system files, can be a security hole if a cracker gains access to your system and modifies them. Additionally, world-writable directories are dangerous, since they allow a cracker to add or delete files as he wishes. To locate all world-writable files on your system, use the following command:

sudo find / -perm -2 ! -type l -ls

  and be sure you know why those files are writable. In the normal course of operation, several files will be world-writable, including some from /dev, and symbolic links, thus the ! -type l which excludes these from the previous find command.