Did you apply the changed settings with grub-install ?

What options did you use exactly? I think you must remove quiet and add nosplash to see messages during bootup.

The messages are also written to the system logs ind /var/log/*.log in nearly any case. Depending on your ubuntu version the filenames may vary. In my case (15.10) the names are kern.log and system.log


What packages do I need to add the functionality of NodeZero?

copy the NodeZero ISO file on a USB Stick with Unetbootin
start from the stick
dpkg --get-selections | grep -v deinstall | cut -f 1 > /tmp/dpkg-list.nodezero
(see How to list all installed packages)

Here is the result: All packages in NodeZero

wget https://gist.githubusercontent.com/rubo77/02586661881c1d67e1c9/raw/eeaa10503909185151c20659177dc897076e0b59/nodezero%20package%20list -q -O - \
> /tmp/dpkg-list.nodezero

Which packages are installed on Ubuntu desktop by default?

 wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/10.04.3/ubuntu-10.04-desktop-amd64.manifest \
   -q -O - | cut -f 1 > /tmp/dpkg-list.ubuntu-10.04

Now compare those files with

awk 'FNR==NR{a[$1]=$0;next} !($1 in a) {print $1, $4}' \
/tmp/dpkg-list.ubuntu-10.04 /tmp/dpkg-list.nodezero \
> /tmp/diff-packages

I filtered those packages by libs and standard apps that are not relevant here:

egrep  -v '(lib|gstreamer|xserver|x11|ttf|python|openoffice|gnome|firefox|evolution)' /tmp/diff-packages

to get this list of packages that are in NodeZero but not in Ubuntu 10.04

TODO: Identify packages and dependencies


First make sure that Booting from CD Drive is enable from BIOS. This will prevent Booting of CD at startup.In some Case you need to give First priority to CD Drive.


Terminal - permission denied - logged in as admin

The problem here is that you don't have permission to execute it.

If you run chmod +x * in the folder with the install.sh file, that will give you permission to execute any of the scripts in that folder.


Totem controls cannot be seen in fullscreen mode

I have reported a bug here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/totem/+bug/989727


How can I automatically create a Btrfs Snapshot before updating my system?

I would build on the nice script by Ignacio Nunez Hernanz:

#!/bin/bash

#
# Script that creates BTRFS snapshots, manually or from cron
#
# Usage:
#          sudo btrfs-snp  <dir> (<tag>) (<limit>) (<seconds>) (<destdir>)
#
# Copyleft 2017 by Ignacio Nunez Hernanz <nacho _a_t_ ownyourbits _d_o_t_ com>
# GPL licensed (see end of file) * Use at your own risk!
#
# Based on btrfs-snap by Birger Monsen
#
# More at https://ownyourbits.com
#

function btrfs-snp()
{
  local   BIN="${0##*/}"
  local   DIR="${1}"
  local   TAG="${2:-snapshot}"
  local LIMIT="${3:-0}"
  local  TIME="${4:-0}"
  local   DST="${5:-.snapshots}"

  ## usage
  [[ "$*" == "" ]] || [[ "$1" == "-h" ]] || [[ "$1" == "--help" ]] && {
echo "Usage: $BIN <dir> (<tag>) (<limit>) (<seconds>) (<destdir>)

  dir     │ create snapshot of <dir>
  tag     │ name the snapshot <tag>_<timestamp>
  limit   │ keep <limit> snapshots with this tag. 0 to disable
  seconds │ don't create snapshots before <seconds> have passed from last with this tag. 0 to disable
  destdir │ store snapshot in <destdir>, relative to <dir>

Cron example: Hourly snapshot for one day, daily for one week, weekly for one month, and monthly for one year.

cat > /etc/cron.hourly/$BIN <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/sbin/$BIN /home hourly  24 3600
/usr/local/sbin/$BIN /home daily    7 86400
/usr/local/sbin/$BIN /home weekly   4 604800
/usr/local/sbin/$BIN /     weekly   4 604800
/usr/local/sbin/$BIN /home monthly 12 2592000
EOF
chmod +x /etc/cron.hourly/$BIN"
return 0
  }

  ## checks
  local SNAPSHOT=${TAG}_$( date +%F_%H%M%S )

  [[ ${EUID} -ne 0  ]] && { echo "Must be run as root. Try 'sudo $BIN'" ; return 1; }
  [[ -d "$SNAPSHOT" ]] && { echo "$SNAPSHOT already exists"             ; return 1; }

  mount -t btrfs | cut -d' ' -f3 | grep -q "^${DIR}$" || {
btrfs subvolume show "$DIR" | grep -q "${DIR}$" || {
  echo "$DIR is not a BTRFS mountpoint or snapshot"
  return 1
}
  }

  DST="$DIR/$DST"
  mkdir -p "$DST"
  local SNAPS=( $( btrfs subvolume list -s --sort=gen "$DST" | awk '{ print $14 }' | grep "${TAG}_" ) )

  ## check time of the last snapshot for this tag
  [[ "$TIME" != 0 ]] && [[ "${#SNAPS[@]}" != 0 ]] && {
local LATEST=$( sed -r "s|.*_(.*_.*)|\\1|;s|_([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})| \\1:\\2:\\3|" <<< "${SNAPS[-1]}" )
LATEST=$( date +%s -d "$LATEST" ) || return 1

[[ $(( LATEST + TIME )) -gt $( date +%s ) ]] && { echo "No new snapshot needed for $TAG"; return 0; }
  }

  ## do it
  btrfs subvolume snapshot -r "$DIR" "$DST/$SNAPSHOT" || return 1

  ## prune older backups
  [[ "$LIMIT" != 0 ]] && \
  [[ ${#SNAPS[@]} -ge $LIMIT ]] && \
echo "Pruning old snapshots..." && \
for (( i=0; i <= $(( ${#SNAPS[@]} - LIMIT )); i++ )); do
  btrfs subvolume delete "$DIR/${SNAPS[$i]}"
done

  echo "snapshot $SNAPSHOT generated"
}

btrfs-snp "$@"

# License
#
# This script is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This script is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this script; if not, write to the
# Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330,
# Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA

Relevant usage info:

# btrfs-snp
Usage: btrfs-snp <dir> (<tag>) (<limit>) (<seconds>) (<destdir>)

dir     │ create snapshot of <dir>
tag     │ name the snapshot <tag>_<timestamp>
limit   │ keep <limit> snapshots with this tag. 0 to disable
seconds │ don't create snapshots before <seconds> have passed from last with this tag. 0 to disable
destdir │ store snapshot in <destdir>, relative to <dir>

Your upgrade alias would need to look like this:

btrfs-snp / syschanges 3 600 && ... which generates a snapshot with the tag syschanges in /.snapshots, but not if there is already one in the last 5 minutes, and keeps maximum 3 of these.

This gives you a 5-minute window to do repeat operations without cluttering, for example, if you want to install from different repos or ppas in one install step, not only upgrades.

Then, you can use and restore these snapshots as per btrfs best practice.


Ubuntu 13.10 32 bit or 64? Lenovo ThinkPad E531 - i3-3110m - 8gb ram

According to the official Intel page about your processor, it is 64-bit. As such, it's optimal to install the 64-bit version of ubuntu.


Why is the application indicator for LanSchool not showing?

I was able to get this working simply by installing the python-appindicator package. The indicator came right up!


Audio CD ripper/encoder GUI as good as grip? (eg. front end for cdparanoia and lame)

Of the collection of tools that you mention in your list I just have used the sound-juicer for CD Audio Ripping and experienced no issueas at all. Nevertheless, I also use (not so often) some KDE applications, running natively on my gnome environment without a hassle and doing a great work. Of which I suggest you to give a try to:

soundKonverter:

Additional screenshots in the official site.

k3b

Additional screenshots here

Maybe these won't fit all your requirements but it is yet worth to try. The list may be long if you look for alternatives to all the software you have tested and these two I provided here. And I am sure you will find good alternatives which will fit all your needs soon.

Good luck!


Ubuntu server 13.04 - network balancing software help

You could limit or schedule deluge from its menu setting/configuration. In other cases you can use zentyal which comes with bandwidth balancer from its graphical configuration modules. In zentyal it works on a grouped objects. Thus you can group the ip ranges and assign certain bandwidth.

Hope this helps.


Tried to boot Ubuntu, but the GRUB rescue prompt shows up instead

If you were able to boot Ubuntu in the past, but not now, follow these steps to solve the problem.

First type ls command and Press Enter to see all the available partitions.
The entries will be shown as (hd0,msdos1) (hd0,msdos2) (hd0,msdos5) etc.

Then type ls (hd0,msdos1)/ to see the content of the drive. if you see entries like  vmliuz or initrd, it is your Linux partition. If you fail with (hd0,msdos1), try with (hd0,msdos2) and so on, until you recognize your Ubuntu partition.

When you correctly identify your Ubuntu partition, type root=(hdX,msdosX) , replace the X with correct identified number. For example, if you see vmlinuz and initrd entries by entering ls (hd0,msdos5), the command will be root=(hd0,msdos5).

then type configfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg and type Enter. This will bring you Previous Ubuntu grub menu.

Then choose the entry to boot Ubuntu.

After you booted up, Open a terminal and type sudo update-grub and press Enter. This will update the grub menu and prevent future problems.

In the case that you are not able to boot to Ubuntu after installation, re-installing Ubuntu is the best option. You can check this question:

How to install Ubuntu OS Having already installed Windows OS


do-release-upgrade failing on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS - says: No new release found

I had exactly the same problem and solved it by using the "Debian way" as described at https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-upgrade-to-ubuntu-18-04-lts-bionic-beaver.

Before, I had modified my default /etc/apt/sources.list file to the one described here: https://gist.github.com/rohitrawat/60a04e6ebe4a9ec1203eac3a11d4afc1 (that step was probably useless, since my sources.list file looked fine). After that, do-release-upgrade still produced a "No new release found" message.
I changed xenial to bionic in /etc/apt/sources.list (there was nothing to change in the files under /etc/apt/sources.list.d/) by running this:

$ sudo sed -i 's/xenial/bionic/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
I upgraded everything with:

$ sudo apt update && sudo apt -y dist-upgrade
And reboot

Then I was greeted with Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-76-generic x86_64) and everything seems to work fine (lsb_release -a confirms that I am using Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS).

Note that I upgraded from 14.04 LTS to 16.04 LTS a few weeks ago with do-release-upgrade, with no problem. Also note that I am not an experienced Linux/Ubuntu user, but I hope this can help.


403 Forbidden error when installing software in Kubuntu 14.04

Open 'Software and Updates' from Unity dash. On the first tab 'Ubuntu Software' of 'Software and Update' window select 'Server for United states'. The authentication window will pop up. Put your password and click 'Authenticate'.

After you put your password press close on 'Software and Update' window. It will ask for refresh. Do that.

AK


How can I solve my RAID installation problems?

I solved the problem.

I set up the following partitions:

Disk0: 250MB EFIboot, bootable = on
RAID5 Swap of: Disk0 3.0GB, Disk1 3.0GB, Disk2 3.0GB, Disk3 3.0GB
RAID5 /ext4 of remaining space on each drive


Native Windows Terminal access to Ubuntu PC?

Follow this duplicate to install a secure shell on the Ubuntu machine and install an ssh client on the Windows machine.  (Windows solutions are off-topic here on Ask Ubuntu but not over here)


I read somewhere that you should not mark bad sectors as bad, if the number of bad sectors is growing. Is this true?

I do not know what you read but that is nuts bad is bad. Replace the hard drive as soon as you can it is failing.
Here is a description of what a bad sector is.
A bad sector in computing refers to a disk sector on a disk storage unit that is permanently damaged. Upon taking damage, all information stored on that sector is lost. When a bad sector is found and marked, the operating system skips it in the future.
This is the reference of the description.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_sector#:~:text=Bad%20sector%20in%20computing%20refers,skips%20it%20in%20the%20future.


After rebooting, the landscape service is unavailable

You can run the following to attempt to restart the services:

juju run --service landscape,landscape-msg 'sudo lsctl restart'

For help on the root cause, I'll need to see more information, namely /var/log/juju/unit-landscape-0.log from landscape/0:

# to get there:
juju ssh landscape/0


Yes, you did the right thing.
The tutorial you linked to states that “AVIdemux command-line support doesn't allow you to change all possible options”, so probably: No.

Avidemux is a GUI program, if you want to benefit from bash's power just use a terminal program. Shipped with current *buntus there's avconv for that.

A batch converter is as simple as

for i in *.avi; do avconv -i "$i" "${i/%avi/mp4}"; done

You might want to add some avconv options, see here and here.


How install watchman on Ubuntu 19.10 for react native

Running

./configure --without-python --without-pcre --enable-lenient

before make will do the trick.
I found the answer in this AskUbuntu question.


How to set the path of "Run application" in Metacity?

maybe it is the $PATH of .profile because the .bashrc loads when you open a terminal but profile loads on login.


After running "pip install --upgrade pip" pip tells me the same thing

To upgrade pip using pip is a bit different than regular command. Use

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

Here python -m will read the pip library file as a script and you will be able to update.


My monitor is blurry when I downloaded updates

It looks like something is wrong with your setting specific to one user, since the guest account is OK.

The easiest way to solve this is to create a new account and transfer your files there.

But do not copy all hidden config files, because one or a few of those contain the problematic setting.


Mouse does not click in the focused window but the oldest window

An extra display under System Settings => Display is causing the error.

You have to disabled it.


broken packages when trying to install phablet-tools

Try with adding the not going to be installed package to the installation list:

sudo apt-get install phablet-tools click


Add Wine application to GNOME application list

You need to create a .desktop launcher for the application in your ~/.local/share/applications directory.
To create a simple .desktop launcher manually, first create an empty text file, name it <application-name>.desktop in the aforementioned directory, and add the following lines to it
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Application Name
Comment=A short description of the application
Exec=command-to-run-application
Icon=/full/path/to/icon-file
Terminal=false
Type=Application

Note that in the Exec= line you need to use the full path to the command (i.e. /home/<YOUR_USERNAME>/folder/... instead of ~/folder/...).
Then save the file. If it doesn't appear in 'Show Applications' (or searching after pressing Super), log out and re-login.

Also there are user-friendly GUI tools to create a .desktop launcher, e.g.

Main Menu aka alacarte: install by running
sudo apt install alacarte

MenuLibre: install by running
sudo apt install menulibre

gnome-desktop-item-edit: need to install the gnome-panel package by running
sudo apt install gnome-panel

Note: gnome-desktop-item-edit is discarded since the Ubuntu 19.10 release.


Ubuntu 20.04: external mouses/keyboards are not working

The problem was solved by doing the following:

I reinstalled Ubuntu 20.04, without any other USB devices connected to my laptop than the USB live boot thumb drive. Now all the external devices work on my laptop, I think this was the easiest solution. I did the reinstall because I still had my backup on my external hard drive and the current installation was new from that day.


How to make a script accessible to root user?

If you're using sudo, which is probably the case, there is a security policy that modifies the $PATH environment variable to a secure path (defined in the file /etc/sudoers). The ~/bin directory isn't included in the default secure_path set in the sudoers file, so running sudo script wouldn't work, but sudo ~/bin/script would.

You can place the script in one of the folders defined in the sudoers configuration file (i.e. /usr/local/bin) to make it directly accessable. The secure_path can also be changed on the configuration file, though it's not recommended.


Fontconfig error: cannot load default config file

You need to set the $FONTCONFIG_PATH properly. Usually it is set in /etc/profile but, if you are executing the command from a non login shell (e.g., through cron), then you need to set it explicitly by doing the following:

export FONTCONFIG_PATH=/etc/fonts


error: attempt to read or write outside of disk 'hd0' unaligned pointer,aboted, press any key to continue

This is a GRUB error. GRUB is probably quite a difficult environment for troubleshooting. Instead, you might try to boot from a Ubuntu Live USB, and then re-install GRUB.

You will need some reliable instructions for this.  If you have the correct instructions, hopefully it will fix the problem.  But even if it does not fix the problem, hopefully the instructions will show an error message, or you will be able to see that something specific is missing, etc.

NOTE: "When using a LiveCD, due to GRUB 2 changes between Ubuntu releases, it is recommended that the user boots a LiveCD of the same release (11.10, 12.04, etc) as the release to be repaired."  There are instructions on the Ubuntu wiki, under "via the LiveCD terminal".  I have not tried following them recently, so I can only hope they are correct and up-to-date.

Alternatively, the Ubuntu wiki mentions an unofficial tool called Boot-Repair.  I have not tested this tool either.  Personally I am quite wary in case an automatic tool does something unexpected and breaks something else.  It is probably easier to use when it works, but more complicated to understand if it hits a problem or not.

If using Boot-Repair, please make sure that "When repair is finished, note the URL (paste.ubuntu.com/XXXXX) that appeared on a paper, then reboot and check if you recovered access to your OSs."  Then, "If the repair did not succeed, indicate the URL to people who help you by email or forum."

  Boot-Repair is a GUI application which can fix a variety of GRUB 2 problems. It can be used either from a LiveCD, its own CD, or during a normal Ubuntu session. In addition to providing a simple user interface, Boot-Repair also includes the ability to run a script to gather details of the system which can be used for troubleshooting help on various forums and IRC channels.

  Please refer to the Boot-Repair community documentation for instructions on how to install and run this application.


14.04LTS enabling bluetooth criples wifi

Some laptop have the bluetooth and wifi in the same key, which mean that when you press the key, it will 'trigger' the 'on/off' of the bluetooth and wifi together.

I guess your wifi is on by default and bluetooth is off by default, when you press the key (F12, I presume), it turn off the wifi and turn on the bluetooth together.

Maybe you can turn on your bluetooth in the system setting instead of using keyboard hard key, go to 'System Settings' and you will able to see the bluetooth setting.


Disable (or customize) the "grow" animation for Cairo dock

From the Cairo Dock FAQ:

  I find the dock too flashy, can it be more sober?

  Tip: try different themes, some are already very sober, like Dust-Sand or Elementary.
  When you can do more you can do less ! You can for instance deactivate the "Icon effects" plug-in,
  or deactivate the effect on mouse hovering in "Animated Icon" plug-in.
  You can also decrease the zoom effect or lower the icons' reflect in the "Icon" module,
  change the background colors in the "Background" module, or change the view to the "default" view in the "Views" module.
  In brief, you can easily have something as sober as a gnome-panel, but this would be a shame ! ^_^

Right click on the dock, Cairo-Dock -> Configure go to the Icons module and change the Maximum zoom of the icons setting to 1 and the icons will no longer "grow" when you hover over them.


How can I install Gimp 2.8's help documentation on Ubuntu 12.04?

Most likely, the PPA does not contain the required package for the documentation, or GIMP's documentation has not been made ready yet for 2.8.

In any case, try

apt-cache search gimp-help

and install the appropriate package for your language.


Are Ubuntu OEm kernel features ever integrated to mainline?

In many cases, yes, the OEM features will eventually appear in the mainline version of the kernel.
I think that the OEM has two concepts: (1) it includes drivers that are for hardware not found in common computers (2) it is a test bed for new hardware.
For (1), I don't think you're likely to see those drivers appear in the mainline version.
For (2), it is a transitory release for people who are on the edge allowing development and testing as early as possible. Once it is considered (very) stable, then the driver makes it to mainline in the next version. That is, you will probably never see support for your device in 20.04. You probably will have to wait for 20.10 or 21.04. It may also never make it there if somehow the sales of that hardware do not match the development costs...
More info: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/OEMKernel


Ubuntu 12.04 Boot Freeze At Purple Screen

try "sudo update-grub" (without quotes)when you have booted in terminal
also try hitting arrow down or arrow left on your keyboard when grub enter load your ubuntu
that will show you a text message about grub processes
see if that something wrong with your grub
or you can simply enter "gksu xdiagnose"(without quotes) in terminal
then checklist all the checkbox except the first one
hope that can solve your problem


Permission denied from opening directory

Main Idea
To stop anyone apart from you having access to a folder, all you have to do is make sure that the last 6 characters in a ls -l are dashes. For example: drwx------
Instructions for terminal
drwx------ will give you full read, write and execute permissions, but only for your user. To set this you have to run chmod 700 folder, where folder is the folder you want to block.
Instructions for GUI
In most file managers, you can right click on the folder, open up the preferences and give the owner read and write permission and set the group and others to no permissions. If your file manager doesn't work like this, post a comment with the name of your file manager so I can add specific instructions for that file manager.
Thanks @ravery for the GUI instructions
NOTE: I will add in pictures when I get a chance


Once you are in Windows - Click Shift plus shutdown and choose the option to boot to Ubuntu. Once you are in Ubuntu then try this.
First let's try to get into Ubuntu and then do this:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

for more information, please refer this link

This will fix your dual booting. Please follow every instructions in this exercise.

Make sure if Windows 10 is installed in EFI mode - Ubuntu should also
be in EFI mode only.
Disable secure boot in your device.
Try to install /boot properly


Keep synced folders/data online if unsynced

What you're wanting to do is to unsubscribe the local machine from the web folder, rather than deleting the web folder which is what Nautilus exports. If you're on Natty you can access this functionality via the Ubuntu One Control Panel:

If you're not on Natty yet, you can get the folder id from u1sdtool --list-folders, and then use u1sdtool --unsubscribe-folder=folder-id.


Reinstalled Ubuntu 14.04.1 over 14.04.3 - Did I delete my windows partition?

No, your Windows partition is still there. There is a glitch in Ubuntu that happens sometimes and it occurs after Ubuntu install, for some reason it does not send you to the grub menu to decide if you want to boot Ubuntu or Windows.

Here's the fix for this problem:

Shut down your computer. (If it's already on, if it is off, just go ahead and turn on your computer).

Turn on your computer.

Next, hold the shift key at boot.

Then, you will see the grub menu. Windows should be one of the options on the grub menu. Select Windows, and then you are good to go. Screenshot:


Some how it seems from your Image that you are using lightDM as Display Manager..

the one with time you saw in other computers is GDM.. you yourself changed the default DM..

Go back to GDM to have the default Display Manager that comes with Ubuntu 18.10

follow this link for "how to change the DM from LightDM to GDM" How do I switch from LightDM to GDM?


What exactly does sudo apt-get -f install do?

From man apt-get:

   -f, --fix-broken
       Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This
       option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT
       to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to
       completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when
       running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package
       dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency
       structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually
       means using dselect(1) or dpkg --remove to eliminate some of the offending
       packages). Use of this option together with -m may produce an error in some
       situations. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Fix-Broken.


How can I force a preferred sound output device to be used?

The entry "Simultaneous output to..." tells us that in our setup the pulseaudio module-combine-sink, or a network combined device from  module-tunnel-sink was loaded.

This can be done in an entry in /etc/pulse/default.pa, in ~/.pulse/default.pa or manually, e.g. by a script. It may have been loaded in the default.pa used by the daemon or from an application that provides the network audio.

Changing the default output sink to this combined sink should be done after we loaded the sink. In addition we need to know the name of this sink which may be the default "combined" or any other name.

Find out the name of the sink

To find out the name given we can list all installed sinks on our sytem with the command

pacmd list-sinks

Change the default output sink to e.g. "combined"

To change the default sink we can issue the following command

pacmd set-default-sink "combined"  # or any other sink name or index

This command can also be issued from a script.

Make this sink permanent on start of the pulseaudio daemon

To define a default sink permanently on startup of the daemon we uncomment/add the following line at the end of our default.pa

set-default-sink "combined"  # or any other sink name

In case we want this for all users we edit /etc/pulse/default.pa, in case its for one user only we may copy (and edit) the default.pa to ~/.pulse/. Make sure that this sink was loaded before.


I found a solution to my problem, I used Ubuntu 10.04 Live cd, which resulted me in  error while repairing the disk stating that :

  File mounted or opened by another program.

But I downloaded Ubuntu 11.04 iso file and booted it from my USB. And done these steps :

1)Opened up Gparted, selected my disk which has a bad sectors (which can be found from Disk Utility Tool), and did a check on it by Partition -> Check.

2)After that go to Edit -> Apply all operation, click on the confirmation message that appears.

It will take some time and all the errors have been cleared and now my Ubuntu is recovered.


Purple/Pink lines on screen after login on Ubuntu Desktop 13.04

I've seen purple and pink geometric artifacts on the Ubuntu desktop before. I discovered that the problem was due to a failing graphics card. Swapping the graphics card with another graphics card solved the problem. Generalizing from this experience, I recommend that you install the correct graphics drivers for your system with the following commands:
sudo apt update
sudo apt remove '^nvidia'
sudo apt autoremove
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
sudo reboot

If that doesn't work look for a way to temporarily swap your graphics card with another one for testing purposes.


Is there a way to invert the display of window border decorations?

With the window decorators available, this is not possible. There was some work under way to develop a new compiz decorator that would be able to do this, but as far as I can tell from the git tree of that project development seems to have stopped. Maybe some kind of box based window manager can do it, but I've never known any to work this way.


16.04 How to get Chrome to obey /etc/hosts?

See a similar question on Superuser. Basically, to make Chromium and Chrome obey /etc/hosts you should disable the setting "predict network actions to improve page load performance".


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS software centre not working

Do the following in terminal after you became root by sudo su. You can copy and paste (ctrl+shift+v)the following block in one piece to your terminal and hit enter once to finish it and be back at your normal user:

mv /etc/apt/sources.list{,.repairbackup}
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
EOF
exit

This will whilst fixing your problem turn on all repositories and remove possible added repositories which have an entry in /etc/apt/sources.list this why this procedure saves your before existing sources.list file to sources.list.repairbackup so you can look at them and find the error. To add or remove repositories from this list please use the System Settings dialog for that.


You should be able to install Ubuntu on the disk partition just like you did install it on the USB stick.

Depending on whether you want or do not want to keep your data on the disk partition you should consider deleting it's contents:

you could delete its contents by recreating the filesystem on that partition f.ex. with mkfs.ext4
but then you'll of course loose or your data on that partition
on the other hand you'll start with clean contents without any (useless) remains

As far as I know Ubuntu will preserver the Windows partition and boot (you should search for this on the internet), so you should be fine.


When you do ls * the * is being expanded before it is passed to ls. That is to say if we have three files (a, b and c) in a directory ls * is actually running ls a b c.

When Bash can't expand, it passes through the raw string¹. That's why you see the wildcards in the error, along with a not found message. ls tried to show the listing for a file literally called *.bash*.

So why didn't that expand? Well by default globbing (what this wildcard expansion is called) won't return hidden files. You can change this with shopt -s dotglob (that won't persist unless you stick it in your .bashrc — it might be disabled by default for a good reason so be careful with it), here's a quick demo:

$ ls  *.bash*
ls: cannot access *.bash*: No such file or directory
$ shopt -s dotglob
$ ls  *.bash*
.bash_aliases  .bash_history  .bash_logout  .bashrc  .bashrc.save

The exception to this is —as you've already shown— when you've already explicitly stated the files will be hidden with a pattern like .bash*. It simply overrides the default dotglob setting:

$ shopt -u dotglob  # unset dotglob
$ ls .bash*
.bash_aliases  .bash_history  .bash_logout  .bashrc  .bashrc.save

Anyway besides that quirk, I hope this helps you understand what's going on under the surface.

There are other shopt flags that alter how globbing works: extglob, failglob,  globstar, nocaseglob and nullglob. They and a raft of other shopt flags are  documented as part of the Bash manual.

Similarly, the page on Pattern Matching should make for some good reading.

¹ Unless failglob or nullglob are set.


How to wipe all contents from my user account?

That will work perfectly, but to prevent any problems, you should add -f too, as in this example:

# rm -rf /home/exampleuser/*


Ubuntu 16.04 - How to start xampp control panel

You can use one of the commands below.

If you use a 32-bit system:

sudo /opt/lampp/manager-linux.run

If you use a 64-bit system:

sudo /opt/lampp/manager-linux-x64.run


how to create a startup script for minecraft

I've had the same issue when I was setting up a minecraft server on Debian. The following advice should apply to Ubuntu as well.

There are several scripts available. The minecraft wiki has a list at the bottom linking to some popular scripts. However, I'd personally recommend Athenus' minecraft init script, which also contains some nice features like world backup and log rotation. It uses screen like many other scripts, but to be honest I think that's a good thing, because that way you can always attach to the console of your server if you ever need it.

Alternatively, you can write your own init script, by using something like this as a template. You just need to tweak the start and stop procedures, which shouldn't be that difficult if you have a bit of experience with the terminal.


This solved it:

I launch Google Chrome using

LIBGL_DRI3_DISABLE=1 google-chrome

Found the solution here on code.google.com


Lubuntu: .desktop shortcut works on the desktop, but doesn't from the menu

As suggested here, right-click and open the "Panel Settings"-dialog -> Advanced, then set "Terminal Emulator"="lxterminal" and now it works.


Asus battery health charging working on Ubuntu 19.10, but not working on Ubuntu 20.04

Put this in your /etc/crontab:
@reboot root echo 60 > /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/charge_control_end_threshold

This works perfectly for me.


installation of Ubuntu 16.04 on virtualbox

A rule of thumb is 'not more than half' of the RAM for the virtual machine. It works for me with 2 GB RAM, but with 6 GB in the computer, you can increase it to 2,5 GB or 3 GB.


See the answers on this post:

HDMI sound option disappears when I install the latest updates to Ubuntu Vivid 15

Apparently it is a bug in the latest kernel. Revert to an earlier version or wait until next kernel update.

edit: this should probably have been a 'comment', not an 'answer'. Sorry.


Disable Screen Savers on a Virtual Machine

Just uninstall whatever package provides the screensaver. E.g. for xscreensaver:

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge xscreensaver*

Or gnome-screensaver:

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge gnome-screensaver*

Or cinnamon-screensaver:

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge cinnamon-screensaver*


This is what worked for me.

Open a terminal and try:

unity --reset

Get a terminal by Ctrl+Alt+F1.

Then do

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade


Would ping loss problems affect Ubuntu installation?

Pretty much every client-to-server file transfer protocol out there, including those involved in the upgrade process of Ubuntu, uses TCP connections underneath. TCP connections provide reliable links, meaning that they don't fail due to package loss as long as there will always be at least one successfully transmitted packaged at some point in the future (and before the connection times out).

This means that anything over 50 % package loss will slow down the transfer speed, possibly severely, but not make data transfer impossible.


How do I set a user profile pic in GNOME?

Go to System Settings and then User Accounts, the image is set there.


getting vulkan error while running vulkaninfo

Are you using a correct binaries? Looks like something 64 bits tries to load 32 bits libs

/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libvulkan_radeon.so

/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libvulkan_intel.so

uname -a would help and also file vulkaninfo


According to the screenshot you are trying to connect to a port 22 however your server is configured to listen to port 22222.
Just type ssh localhost -p 22222. Should work.


How to make grub stop appearing every time I boot?

Open the terminal and run this command:

root@penreturns:~$ sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Remove comment  line (add "#"):

#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0

It must look like this (by default)

GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0

Update your GRUB with this comand:

root@penreturns:~$ sudo update-grub

Reboot your system and you will see how the system will now stop at the GRUB2 boot screen.

Enjoy!


Installing Lubuntu 14.04 on an HP Omnibook 6100

The Lubuntu documentation recommends minimum memory of 128 MB for operation although they indicate that it might be a little slow


How to import my Windows10 KeePass files into Ubuntu 18.04

Welcome to Ubuntu!

There are two parts to using KeePass on Ubuntu.  First, you need to install the software.  Within Ubuntu there are two different options here:

KeePass2 (this is going to look very similar to what you used on windows before, and is also going to have full compatibility with your previous encrypted container)
KeePassX (this is going to look more like your other Ubuntu applications, and less like a windows program, it will work with your existing encrypted container but may require a conversion step)

Whichever you choose, you need to install it.  Here is how to install KeePass2:

1) Press the super button (windows button) on your keyboard

2) Type term and press enter (this will open up a terminal window for you to type commands)

3) sudo apt update

4) sudo apt install keepass2

Now that KeePass has been installed into Ubuntu, you can use it to open up your old container.  You need to get that container onto this new install using a USB drive, emailing it to yourself, using a network or cloud storage location, etc.  Once the file has been copied onto your new Ubuntu install, just double click on it like normal and KeePass will open it up.

Hope this helps, and once again welcome to Ubuntu!


Editing sudoers.d to allow www-data run a specific file

The entry

www-data ALL=NOPASSWD: /var/push.sh

allows www-data to execute exactly the command /var/push.sh without a sudo password. It does not extend the ability to sudo sh /var/push.sh or even sh /var/push.sh

To work the way that you want, you must make /var/push.sh executable in its own right i.e.

make sure it has the appropriate shebang at the top (presumable #!/bin/sh since you are trying to run it explicitly with sh)
make it executable by at least www-data

Then invoke it directly as sudo -u www-data /var/push.sh


When I try to install Ubuntu or any OS I get a fatal error (Executing 'grub-install /dev/mmcblk0' failed.)

/dev/mmcblkX means that it tried to install to partition on a flash device that does not use the SATA protocol. The Acer Aspire V5-171 however seems to have a SATA port and typical SATA storage. I suggest you use manual partitioning and check that the bootloader gets installed to the correct hard drive. It's the lower drop down box in the manual partitioning dialog.


Installed Unity on my desktop PC and it is very laggy and annoying

Unity has known performance problems due to the mutter window manager. For this reason, Unity is switching to compiz next release - Ubuntu 11.04. You are probably better off waiting until then before using it.

Reporting a bug may help the developers. To do this press Alt+F2 and enter: ubuntu-bug unity. Follow the prompts from there.

You can get a similar interface to the Unity dock with applications such as Docky.


How do I get my ATI 6670 graphics card to work?

Tips and problem solutions for the proprietary driver from AMD can you find in the unofficial wiki here: http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu

There is a description how you must configure fglrx drivers for multi-monitoring.


How to make cursor change in different modes in vim?

You won't be able to change it in gnome-terminal as it derives it's  cursor settings using gconf and vim is unable to override this.

However, this is what I have in my .vimrc file, using gconf and it works as intended i.e. resets it to what is was before (cursor_shape block). You should be able to use gcr to set the cursor in gvim independently.

" for gnome-terminal
au InsertEnter * silent execute "!gconftool-2 --type string --set /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/cursor_shape underline"
au InsertLeave * silent execute "!gconftool-2 --type string --set /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/cursor_shape block"
au VimLeave * silent execute "!gconftool-2 --type string --set /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/cursor_shape block"
au VimEnter * silent execute "!gconftool-2 --type string --set /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/cursor_shape block"


How do I inncrease unity dash icon sizes or set 720p but view movies in 1080p?

I suspect it may be tricky due to Unity not having too many customization options at the moment.

Also, I would suggest you to have a look at MythTV/Mythbuntu, XBMC or some other media-center software - they may be much better suited for what you're trying to do, including UI built for 10-foot user experience, ability to control them with a remote etc.


Open File in Folder doesn't work as it should

If the issue occurs with mozilla, the bug has already been opened: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=417952


Problem adding Printer to Virtual machine

Ok thanks that was the problem, my user wasn't in the vboxusers group. After fixing that and some reboots of the virtual machine it worked.


How do you enable multi-touch for lubuntu 12.04 on my HP MINI trackpad?

I am using HP Mini 210, but I think we are using a same touchpad device. So here's three ways to do a right click:

Tap two fingers (do a multi-touch).
Tap the very bottom right of the pad instead of clicking it.
Place three fingers on the pad, then click it.


xmodmap has no notion of state, so it has no way to reset state directly.  You can simulate it by using xmodmap -pke >.xmodmap.orig before making any changes (although it doesn't save the modifier map, which you would have to save and restore manually) — but it's a bit too late for that.

Modern systems don't generally use xmodmap to configure the keyboard, though.  setxkbmap is the modern way to do it; and that does reset bindings when run.  So you may be able to use setxkbmap -layout us to reset things to normal.  More complete would be to check for the default configuration in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.  For example, on my system

jinx:718 Z$ sed -n '/Identifier.*Keyboard/,/EndSection/p' /etc/X11/xorg.conf
        Identifier      "Generic Keyboard"
        Driver  "kbd"
        Option  "XkbModel"      "pc105"
        Option  "XkbLayout"     "us"
        Option  "XkbOptions"    "grp:alt_shift_toggle"
EndSection

The corresponding command is

setxkbmap -model pc105 -layout us -option grp:alt_shift_toggle

If there were an XkbVariant entry in the output, you would pass its value with -variant.  One thing to watch out for is that options are handled specially:  you can only set one option per -option parameter, and you need to use -option '' to reset parameters first.  So to fully reset when there is something like XkbOptions "grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp:ctrls_toggle" you would need

setxkbmap -model pc105 -layout us -option '' -option grp:alt_shift_toggle -option grp:ctrls_toggle


How to configure UFW to allow IP Forwarding?

It's now possible - from ufw man page:

  Rules  for  traffic  not  destined for the host itself but instead for traffic that should be routed/forwarded through the
  firewall should specify the route keyword before the rule (routing
  rules differ signifi‐
  cantly from PF syntax and instead take into account netfilter FORWARD chain conventions). For example:

     ufw route allow in on eth1 out on eth2

  This will allow all traffic routed to eth2 and coming in on eth1 to traverse the firewall.

     ufw route allow in on eth0 out on eth1 to 12.34.45.67 port 80 proto tcp

  This rule allows any packets coming in on eth0 to traverse the firewall out on eth1 to tcp port 80 on 12.34.45.67.

  In addition to routing rules and policy, you must also setup IP forwarding.  This may be done by setting the following in
  /etc/ufw/sysctl.conf:

     net/ipv4/ip_forward=1
     net/ipv6/conf/default/forwarding=1
     net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding=1

  then restarting the firewall:

     ufw disable
     ufw enable

  Be aware that setting kernel tunables is operating system specific and ufw sysctl settings may be overridden. See the sysctl
  manual page for details.


Network Manager script when interface up?

The solution is to create dispatchers scripts in /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d. For example, you could log events in journald by placing the following script at /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/log-iface-events.sh:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

interface=$1
event=$2

echo "$interface received $event" | systemd-cat -p info -t dispatch_script

Remember to give it execution permissions:

chmod +x /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/log-iface-events.sh

The bad news is that scripts are no longer tied to a given interface or events such as up or down. Hence, you must check all of that in your script. If you want this script to run only for eth0, you must filter that by hand putting something like the following in your script:

[[ $interface == "eth0" ]] || return 0

For example:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

interface=$1
event=$2

if [[ $interface != "eth0" ]] || [[ $event != "up" ]]
then
  return 0
fi

# place your commands bellow this line

Will run only if it is dealing with up events for eth0 interface.

You can have many scripts. According to man 8 networkmanager, scripts will run in alphabetical order. This seems to include the scripts in subdirectories. You MUST read this manpage.


You should always install a standalone Zookeeper ensemble for HBase when used for production. (you'll also need Zookeeper if/when you want to run multiple HDFS NameNode for high availability)

an HBase committer


How to swap a modifier key with a character key on X?

As much as I wanted to avoid this, I eventually swapped the keys in the keycodes file for evdev, which has the desired effect.

Pro:

Works transparently with any layout and application as it changes the event codes for the keys

Con:

Applies to all evdev Keyboards
Change applied to system file (might break later)

Diff:

$ diff /usr/share/X11/xkb/keycodes/evdev{,.bak}
8c8
<         <LWIN> = 94;
---
>         <LSGT> = 94;
74c74
<   <LSGT> = 133;
---
>   <LWIN> = 133;


ip_forward wont stay enabled after reboot

I confirm that net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 in /etc/sysctl.conf is correct way to keep forwarding across reboots. I suggest to look into /etc/sysctl.d/* files if there is an override to 0 somewhere.


How can I get an Epson TX560WD scanner working?

Did you try installing iscan?  That's what I had to do to get my Epson NX420 Printer/Scanner scanning properly.

http://www.avasys.jp/lx-bin2/linux_e/spc/DL1.do

Select your model number and then on the next page you'll be presented with all the download options.


The straightforward answer is that the v45 series of builds are failing to be built - none of the builds for any series are available.

Also the v44 series of packages have been removed - hence the reason why you are left with that package.  It will not be updated until a newer package is correctly built.

Best look at the packages section of launchpad:

https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-mozilla-daily/+archive/ubuntu/ppa/+packages

This will should you what packages are available with their build status.

As to why the failures occur - just click on the build status - buildlog link

Remember that PPA is a test PPA - robotically built (mostly) by launchpad recipes... so no testing (or very little) testing would have been done.

More information probably can be obtained by contacting the PPA admins:

https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-mozilla-daily


If a command needs to run on startup (actually log in) you can delay the command in the format:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 15 && firefox"

Your entries:

Hidden=false
NoDisplay=false

won't hurt, but are unnecessary, they are the default.


Mobile broadband sharing over adhoc wireless

Since you're able to use ppp0 and wlan0 both, i'll skip to the main thing. You don't need firestarter. You see to use automatic configuration, you would have to install a DHCP server, which is a fairly painful process, when you take into account all the configuring you need to do. So we'll do this the static way. On your linux machine that is connected to the internet, execute the following commands as root:

iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -o wlan0 -s 192.168.137.1/24 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

After you do this, go to your other machines and enter the following the the TCP/IPv4 settings for the ad-hoc wireless connection:

IP address: 192.168.137.1-254 (except 100)
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.137.100

Primary DNS: 8.8.8.8
Secondary DNS: 8.8.4.4

And if everything goes well, you should be able to ping google.com


Is there an official redirector for Ubuntu?

Searching on Google, it appears that there is no official redirector currently.

mirrors.ubuntu.com can be used as a redirector (sort-of), by using it in /etc/apt/sources.list. For example, you can replace the following lines:

deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

with these lines:

deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt xenial main restricted
deb-src mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt xenial main restricted

You can perform the change for all the lines that use a specific mirror (fr.archive.ubuntu.com in my example). Do not perform the change for http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu as it is important it remains as it is for urgent security releases (bypassing mirror delays).

Note: /etc/apt/sources.list is an important file. Make a backup copy before you edit it. You need to edit it as root (or rather, edit a copy as a regular user, then put the edited copy back into /etc/apt as root).

Note also that this mirror method sometimes failed in recent Ubuntu releases. I may have been fixed in 16.04, but the bug is still open: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apt/+bug/1479045


In terms of battery usage, which distro is more efficient between Lubuntu and Xubuntu?

Phoronix reported some Power and Memory comparison results for Gnome, LXDE (Lubuntu) & XFCE (Xubuntu).

The conclusions where that LXDE did comparatively better in reducing power consumption compared to both Gnome and XFCE.


Apache2 restart does not work when I navigate to it's directory

If you run

sudo apache2 restart

the program apache2 is searched in the folders that the environment variable $PATH contains, not in your current working folder. So it doesn't run /etc/init.d/apache2 but
/usr/sbin/apache2.

You can use

cd /etc/init.d
sudo ./apache2 restart

Here ./apache2 calls the program apache2 that is in the current working folder so you actually run /etc/init.d/apache2


I have got it working in Firefox too:

Open a terminal
Download the latest Adobe AIR:

wget http://airdownload.adobe.com/air/lin/download/2.6/AdobeAIRInstaller.bin

Set the executable bit:

chmod +x AdobeAirInstaller.bin

Install Adobe AIR:

For 32-bit:

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu ./AdobeAIRInstaller.bin

For 64-bit:

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu ./AdobeAIRInstaller.bin

More information about this here
Important! Change your system time, back to the year 2011. Otherwise it'll fail (probably because the installer file is from 2011 and is only valid for a year or something like that)!
Go to the ICQ for Linux page
Click on Download ICQ
Click on Open
Install ICQ
Don't forget to change your system time back!

Please note that this all indicates that this application is just very old. I've tested it to be working, but I haven't tested if it's still able to connect to the ICQ servers (their protocol may have changed). Also I don't know the security risk of installing all this old software.

System requirements from their website:

Adobe Air 2.5
Fedora Core 13, Ubuntu 10.10, or openSUSE® 11.3
Release date: 22.5.2011


Not able to install evolution on Ubuntu 20.04. New to computers. Demonstrate step by step procedure

Thunderbird is the default mail application in Ubuntu 20.04, but if you want to install Evolution instead open the terminal and type:
sudo apt install evolution


Follow below instructions from this answer

    Download driver source (6.30.223.141) from Broadcom

    wget http://www.broadcom.com/docs/linux_sta/hybrid-v35_64-nodebug-pcoem-6_30_223_141.tar.gz
    tar xvzf hybrid-v35_64-nodebug-pcoem-6_30_223_141.tar.gz

    DO NOT APPLY LINUX 3.10 UBUNTU PATCH. Apply http://ix.io/9DV patch only.

    wget http://ix.io/9DV
    cd hybrid
    patch -i ../9DV -p1

    Compile the driver.

make

  Testing the driver.

sudo rmmod wl
sudo insmod ./wl.ko

  Enable monitor mode.

sudo bash -c "echo 1 > /proc/brcm_monitor0"

  source:
  http://aur.archlinux.org/packages/broadcom-wl/?setlang=de&comments=all


I hope it isn't that late for this answer, but for new users looking for a way to run plasma widgets on gnome, this is what worked for me:

Open a terminal, and drop: sudo apt-get install plasma-desktop
plasma-scriptengine-python
After providing your password it will take a while to install the
needed packages.
When package install finishes, press Alt-F2 and write:
plasma-desktop, hit Enter

Your plasma desktop will change the background and show the low side panel with KDE gadgets, which can be easily deleted if you don't wish to carry it up by right clicking on it and choose "Delete this panel".

My desktop looks like this:

After that, just right click on the plasma desktop and choose "Add widgets" from the menu in order to be able to add, install and/or manage your widgets.

NOTE: I am using emerald theme manager with the "tron legacy" theme installed in order to decorate my desktop.

I personally don't find these widgets useful but it looks awesome. I must warn you that you will need lots of RAM in order to manage both desktops at once, my 4GB DDR667 is doing a great work but it takes 75% of the RAM when both desktops are opened with just a few gadgets, nautilus and dolphin working, a web browser, chat and a terminal. Just for your consideration.

Good luck!


Is it possible to deploy an openstack clustor with Autopilot, while not using Landscape

Autopilot requires Landscape.  For a simplified install of OpenStack (for testing, development, etc.), you can use conjure-up.  Please see my answer in this linked question for more details:

But Ubuntu Openstack Autopilot is still a validate solution on Ubuntu 14.04Lts?


(ACX 111) driver problems on Ubuntu server 12.04.4

I doubt you are doing anything wrong. A search for acx111 here and on ubuntuforums.org tells us that there is probably no way at all to get this device going. For whatever reason, there is no interested software maintainer for this fairly uncommon device. Although I always hesitate to solve problems with money, in this instance, I suggest you invest in a newer, supported network card.


How do I switch from Ubuntu to Ubuntu Server?

You can use Ubuntu as a server, and you can install Gnome, KDE, etc onto Ubuntu server.  The difference is in the mix of applications installed.  So, you could use your existing system as a server without running the GUI shell, or you can install a different shell if you want a lightweight GUI, such as xfce or lxde.  I have an old Ubuntu 10.x system that I use as a server, and I rarely even log in directly, so it sits at the login prompt.  I mainly use ssh to log in, and if I need to log in directly, I have a choice between a virtual terminal or a gui shell.

If you really want the "official" Ubuntu Server, you will need to install it.  If you go that route, you might as well install a LTS release.  12.04 is the best choice, and Ubuntu has a good guide for setting up the server with LAMP apps, wikimedia if desired, etc.

Edit:  Default Kernel Difference
As stated in the comment below, there are some differences in the default kernel for server and desktop editions.  There are certain optimizations that are turned on or off for Kernel vs desktop, although that information doesn't seem to be very prominent in the main documentation that I could find. There are differences in IRQ timing and scheduling, where the desktop kernel is optimized more for smoothness in the GUI, but is not good for higher-volume server systems.  But, it seems that 12.04 has stopped using different kernels for the two.

As stated below, the 12.04 32-bit version evidently comes with only the pae version of the kernel (pae is what allows 32-bit computers to access more than 3.2GB of RAM).  If your computer is very, very ancient, or a Pentium M machinge, it may not support pae.  On my system, they can be interchanged, but if your computer doesn't support pae, then there may be some issue with this.  I haven't see that mentioned in the documentation so far.

If you do want to install a server, the installation is different.  It uses a non-GUI install instead of the Live CD.


How do I remove myclk.net script form Google Chrome in Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus)?

One solution for this kind of problem is to delete all browser data, (including cache, cookies, and so on), which will also delete any malicious scripts / extensions which may be installed.

For Chrome, you can do this by closing Chrome and then running

rm -rf ~/.config/google-chrome/Default/ && rm -rf ~/.cache/google-chrome

in a terminal, which will delete all Chrome data, including any malicious extensions. Beware that this will delete all data, including history, saved passwords, and so on.

If this does not solve the problem, you may have other malware (for example, software which you didn't install through the software center and which did not come from the Ubuntu repositories could be malicious) on your computer which is reinstalling the malicious Chrome extension - you'll need to find and remove it first.


How do you install Ubuntu on an MSI Prestige PE60-6QE Laptop?

I have a MSI GE62 with i7-6700 Skylake and Nvidia GTX970M, and It finally works with ubuntu 16.04 so here are the different steps:

BIOS: Enter the Bios by pressing the delete key.
Choose UEFI-disable Secureboot and disable Fastboot(for Fastboot maybe its not obligatory)
By installing Ubuntu 16.04 LTS: type the e key to access the Grub and it must look like that:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"
Now Ubuntu 16.04 LTS installed you must change the GRUB:
Please type in the terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) :
gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Then you will see a text editor that will open with the grub configuration file. I changed mine and my Grub configuration file looks like this :

# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
#   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash i915.modeset=1"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"
# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console
# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480
# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true
# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"

now type: sudo update-grub
update your kernel:

sudo apt-add-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ukuu
Restart your computer by typing: sudo reboot
Please note the only line I changed in the Grub configuration file is this one: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash i915.modeset=1"
Please also note it may take a few reboots with some updates of Ubuntu so that your computer can be turned on and turned off normally


What can I do to make my system more tolerant of power cuts?

No. A power cut is what it is.

resulting in a day's work fiddling around trying to fix it and eventually needing a re-install.

Unless there is an actual hardware related problem (like a broken disk, or fried connectors) this should not have been needed. Without the actual notices you got it is going to be impossible to actually tell you where you went wrong. Sometimes a filesystem check is needed after a loss of power but that is incorporated into the boot process to happen automatically.

My aim would be to be able to cut the power harmlessly if the computer has been sitting showing the desktop but doing "nothing" for 10 mins.

That is the default: turning off the power of a machine is a hardware thing not software. Only issue you can have is that some things did not get saved to disk but that is no reason for the OS to need to be reinstalled.
I would suggest to take a little risk and cutting the power of that machine and see what happens, and then report the issues you face.


You can run the opposite command:

sudo service lightdm start


It didn't look like it was going to do anything further, so I restarted. The new kernel didn't boot, so I went back to the old one. Various stuff was broken, including network.

Tried running

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

and that said to run

sudo dpkg --configure -a

That seemed to finish off the set-up and I now have a working system again. Still need to test a few things, but generally looking good.

Since then I've moved /var to a different partition to avoid this issue in future as detailed on How can I store /var on a separate partition?


How to troubleshoot 17.04 failure to boot after new installation with UEFI

Thanks to the comments of @Rod which pointed me in the right direction, I was able to solve this problem. What happened was that my machine is 5+ years old and has an early copy of UEFI which seems to ignore the EFI boot order. Instead it insists that the ESP must be on /dev/sda1 and on my machine it was on /dev/sda3 as a result of numerous changes to disk configurations.

I needed to delete all the partitions on the disk, then delete the GPT partition itself. Once this was complete I then created a new set of partitions with the ESP as the first partition, landing on /dev/sda1. Finally I reinstalled Ubuntu 17.04, rebooted and everything worked.


You can switch between All items and New Items in the left top corner (over the list of all podcasts you are subscribed to).


Motherboards reserve a chunk of address space ( usually 800M or so ) just below the 4GB line for use by other hardware instead of ram.  On cheap or buggy motherboards this leaves the ram that would otherwise have those addresses inaccessible.  Some motherboards have an option in the bios to enabled memory hole remapping or hoisting, so that ram will be assigned an alternate address above 4GB, allowing it to be accessed by a 64 bit or pae enabled kernel, so poke around in your bios for such an option.


Installation of Linux in C drive removing windows and not affecting other drive as well

Start from your USB thumb drive. Use the Try Ubuntu option as suggested before. After the full start you might want to make sure you are connected to the Internet first. You are going to need it for the installation. Next start the installation process.

This should be fairly self-explanatory up to the point where Ubuntu offers you to erase everything else and install it alone and like 3 other options. You will find an option ("Something else"?) that gives you the option to manually address the issue at hand. Usually the last one at the bottom. This option will take you to the list of harddisks and partitions.

WARNING: if you mess this up, you can lose your data.

But in this dialog you can make individual settings, as far as the harddrive goes. So, find your C partition. Mostly likely (BUT NOT GUARANTEED) /dev/sda1. Identified correctly, now tell it to put the mount point root or "/" there. And that will put the root file system there and install Linux on your C partion. Of course the C partition is going to be formatted and all former data will be gone, since Linux will use it's own, not a Windows file system.

Also make sure the boot manager is installed in the proper place.

If you use more than one operating system, make sure they are all either set up to use BIOS OR UEFI mode to start. Don't mix them.

If Windows was on your C partition before and given there is enough space on partition C, if everything is done properly, Windows (and everything else you had on your partition C before) will be gone and Linux is going to run from it.


Something I did caused this same behavior.  In my case, I think I did it to myself because I was actually doing things to the language and keyboard settings.  Fortunately, the menu items seem to come up in a combination of English and Chinese, so I was able to find the tool I needed.  First, read this:

Install/Remove Language show only English, no other choice

Note the positions of the controls in the dialog.  They will be labeled in whatever language you have set, but they will be in the same place.  You have to drag "English" or any other language you want to the top of the list.  Then click the "Apply System-Wide" button.  You will be prompted for your password.

What I can't figure out is why I had Chinese localizations installed in the first place.


Directory path for home to an external NTFS hard drive

ok, my problem here was an invalid entry in the /home folders location duplicating the home directory. I removed the user (keeping the external home directory intact) delected the original home directory and recreated the user. Once i recreated the user i changed home location and used gui prompt to delete old home directory and take ownership of external directory. No longer getting the 530 error!!! Kudos to you phip for the help and the idea that helped me fix it! Loving linux and stretching the brain getting it all figured out!


If you want to regenerate your sources.list you could use http://repogen.simplylinux.ch/

Select your country, your Ubuntu version and choose the repositories you want.

Run in a terminal:

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Delete all contents and then paste (Ctrl+A, Delete and Ctrl+V) the output from the above mentioned site. Save and update:

sudo apt-get update

If something is wrong:

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list


Export ubuntu/linux from virtual machine to install it on physical machine

Yes. I used qemu to accomplish this task for me.

Run sudo apt install qemu-utils to install qemu and include the source and target directory.

For example: sudo qemu-img convert -p -O raw '/media/D2/Virtualbox VMs/Ubuntu 16.04 LTS x64 Old Desktops/Ubuntu 16.04 LTS x64 Old Desktops.vhd' /dev/sde.


How to set environment variables from within powershell?

I would do it as described below:

  [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('DOCKER_HOST','docker.artofshell.com')

See also

This way the environment variable (in this case DOCKER_HOST) is created permanently as if you would've created it via the windows control panel.


Cannot turn Bluetooth on on my Ubuntu 14.04 system

I had the same problem. But I follow the answer of Ralink RT 3290 Bluetooth Problem on Ubuntu 14.04 question, and luckly it solved the problem I had. I already modified the files that needed to be modified. You can download the file form http://www.filedropper.com/rtbth-393. All you have to do is go to the directory from terminal and run

make
sudo make install

And then reboot your computer. I attached a screen shot. It worked for me, hope it work for you too. Good luck.


VirtualBox installation: part of screen missing

It's not a fantastic solution, but you can actually drag the window left and right.


Vulkan video backend on Intel graphics card/mesa driver on Ubuntu 16.04

You can check your Vulkan version by installing vulkan-utils and running vulkaninfo. You can install Vulkan drivers by installing package mesa-vulkan-drivers.


How to restore unity after gnome-shell installation?

Try this:

Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below.

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

If you have compizConfig Setting Manager installed then try

ccsm


Do i need drivers separately to install Ubuntu 64-bit in my vostro 2520

Is it requires any drivers. why because dell is not providing any drivers for Ubuntu

Yes but we do not require you to search for drivers for your system.

ALL Linux systems provide generic drivers for hardware that create a working Ubuntu system. Besides that you also get 3rd party drivers for your video card if it is nVidia or AMD. And sometimes you need a 3rd party driver for your network card.


Although I can't find any mention of it in the Changelog, there appears to have been a change in how mawk handles the locale's decimal separator.
On 18.04, period is recognized as the separator even when the locale specifies comma:
$ mawk -W version
mawk 1.3.3 Nov 1996, Copyright (C) Michael D. Brennan

compiled limits:
max NF             32767
sprintf buffer      2040

$ LC_NUMERIC=fr_BE.UTF-8 locale decimal_point
,

$ echo '99.9' | LC_NUMERIC=fr_BE.UTF-8 mawk '$1 <= 100'
99.9

whereas on 20.04 the locale's separator appears to be honored
$ mawk -W version
mawk 1.3.4 20200120
Copyright 2008-2019,2020, Thomas E. Dickey
Copyright 1991-1996,2014, Michael D. Brennan

random-funcs:       srandom/random
regex-funcs:        internal
compiled limits:
sprintf buffer      8192
maximum-integer     2147483647

$ LC_NUMERIC=fr_BE.UTF-8 locale decimal_point
,

$ echo '99.9' | LC_NUMERIC=fr_BE.UTF-8 mawk '$1 <= 100'

produces no output (because 99.9 is being parsed as a string, and the comparison is lexical).
Your two options seem to be:

set the LC_NUMERIC appropriately ex.
LC_NUMERIC=C awk ....

switch to GNU awk, whose default behavior is to ignore LC_NUMERIC unless invoked with --use-lc-numeric

See also:

awk doesn't recognize field as a number


Creating volume group in nova-volume Juju charm

Getting this going in LXC is a bit tricky.  First, you need to make sure the host supports loopback and LVM, and has the appropriate modules loaded.  Then, some manual steps need to be completed:

First, Grant container access to the various device nodes losetup and LVM need, specifically /dev/loop[0-9], /dev/loop-control, and /dev/mapper/control.

In /usr/share/pyshared/juju/lib/lxc/data/lxc.conf, add the following:

lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:236 rwm
lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:237 rwm
lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = b 7:* rwm

Then you'll also need to manually create the loop-control device node somehow within the container.  If you've already deployed a unit, and Juju has a template for the environment, you can do this within the /dev directory of that template, eg:

sudo mknod /var/lib/lxc/adam-sample-0-template/rootfs/dev/loop-control c 10 237

The /dev/mapper/controller device node will be created when LVM gets installed.

Alternatively, you can modify the nova-volume charm to do this for you automatically during its install hook.  Unfortunately, I do not know a way for Juju or LXC to pre-authorize and populate the /dev directory of new containers with devices required by the charm.  Until those kinds of features land, the nova-volume charm (and probably nova-compute, too) will likely require awkward work arounds like this to ensure they work correctly in LXC containers.


Does tar -tvf decompress the file or just list the names?

tar.gz files do not have an index. Unlike zip or other archive formats it is not trivial nor cheap to obtain a list of the contained files or other metadata. In order to show you which files are contained in the archive, tar indeed needs to uncompress the archive and extract the files, although in the case of the -t option it does so only in memory.

If a common pattern in your use case is to list the contained files in an archive, you might want to consider using an archive format that can add a file index to the compressed file, e. g. zip.

Perhaps you also want to take a look at the HDF5 format for more complex scenarios.

Measurements

I just had to do some measurements to prove my answer and created some directories with many files in them and packed them which both, tar czf files#.tgz files# and zip -r files#.zip files#.

For the tests I ran the unpacking command twice each time and took the result of the second run, to try to avoid measuring disk speed.

Test 1

Directory files1 containing 100,000 empty files.

$ time tar tzf files1.tgz >/dev/null
tar tzf files1.tgz > /dev/null  0,56s user 0,09s system 184% cpu 0,351 total
$ time unzip -l files1.zip >/dev/null
unzip -l files1.zip > /dev/null  0,30s user 0,34s system 99% cpu 0,649 total

zip is slower here.

Test 2

Directory files2 containing 5,000 files with 512 bytes of random data each.

$ time tar tzf files2.tgz >/dev/null
tar tzf files2.tgz > /dev/null  0,14s user 0,03s system 129% cpu 0,131 total
$ time unzip -l files2.zip >/dev/null
unzip -l files2.zip > /dev/null  0,03s user 0,06s system 98% cpu 0,092 total

Still not convincing, but zip is faster this time.

Test 3

Directory files3 containing 5,000 files with 5kB of random data each.

$ time tar tzf files3.tgz >/dev/null
tar tzf files3.tgz > /dev/null  0,42s user 0,03s system 111% cpu 0,402 total
$ time unzip -l files3.zip >/dev/null
unzip -l files3.zip > /dev/null  0,03s user 0,06s system 99% cpu 0,093 total

In this test it can be seen that the larger the files get, the harder it is for tar to list them.

Conclusion

To me it looks like zip introduces a little overhead that you will notice only with many very small (almost empty) files, whereas for large numbers of larger files it wins the contest when listing the files contained in the archive.


Check OpenVPN, it's an open source virtual private network. Step by step guide provided by the Official Ubuntu Documentation on this link:
OpenVPN

If this is too complicated there is an easier way to set a simple VPN.

Open Terminal and typesudo apt-get install openvpn network-manager-openvpn network-manager-openvpn-gnome then enter: sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart.
Go to: https://www.vpnbook.com/ and download the package you want under 'OpenVPN'. Make sure to save the user and password you're given as you'll later need it.
Extract. You'll have four or maybe more different files. Stick with one and only one and discard the others.
Create 3 new files: certificate.crt, ca.crt, and key.key. Open the .opvn you downloaded and copy the text between < ca > and < /ca > into your ca.crt. Do the same with your other files: copy everything under < cert > and over < /cert > into certificate.crt; and everything between < key > and < /key > into key.key.
Now go to Network  in Settings and add a new VPN Network
In the configuration window: name it whatever you want. Gateway: copy the address given in the third line of the .ovpn file just after remote and before the separate number which is the port number. Depending on what file you chose, you'll have different gateways/port numbers.

Choose Password with Certificates (LTS) in Authentication / Type and copy and paste the user and password you were given on the site (Step 2). User Certificate is your certificate.crt, CA Certificate is your ca.crt, and Private Key is your key.key file.

Click Advanced..., select the options that you see in this image. Use custom gateway port is the number that you have in your .ovpn file (Step 6). Now go to the Security tab and set Cipher to AES-128-CBC

Done. If your connection doesn't establish right away and keeps disconnecting, change the VPN password setting to Store the password for all users.

Source: transcript of How to Establish An OpenVPN Connection FREE in Ubuntu-15.10

update for UBUNTU 18.04:
in the Advance settings (step 8) after checking the option:
Use LZO data compression you need to choose "Yes" instead of "Adaptive"


I have found the following method:

Do Ctrl-F2 to bring up the Fields dialog
Chose the Database tab, select Type 'Mail Merge fields'
Under 'Database selection' select my spreadsheet and Sheet 1, then show its fields
Put the cursor in the place I want a field, highlight the field and click Insert.
When all fields inserted, save the changes.
Got to the File menu and select Print. The procedure then is the same as for Labels


What is the library to be installed for `jasper.h` header file?

jasper.h is part of the libjasper-dev package. This package is not available in Ubuntu 18.04. So try downloading it and install using
cd ~/Downloads
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/j/jasper/libjasper-dev_1.900.1-debian1-2.4ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/j/jasper/libjasper1_1.900.1-debian1-2.4ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb

sudo apt-get install ./libjasper-dev_1.900.1-debian1-2.4ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb ./libjasper1_1.900.1-debian1-2.4ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb


Windows commandprompt-like screen buffer on terminal? (i.e. horizontal scrolling)

You need to use an auxiliary viewer application, such as less for this functionality.

See why GNOME Terminal rejected this idea. Basically: this is not how terminals have worked for decades, and you can't really change such basics without breaking gazillions of things.


It shouldn't happen --- so I think it's worthwhile to research a bit the causes (maybe a recent upgrade? In that case a bug/regression report would be nice).

But meanwhile, as a workaround:

In my system too (Samsung Chronos 7 with hybrid graphics Intel/AMD), the suspend/resume if successful only if made from a virtual console. So I had to add the file:

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 152 Dec  7 12:09 /etc/pm/sleep.d/01_switchvt

(you do that by for example sudo nano /etc/pm/sleep.d/01_switchvt and then making the script executable with sudo chmod +x /etc/pm/sleep.d/01_switchvt)

with the contents:

#!/bin/sh

# Switch to a VC before suspending and back after resume

case "$1" in
        resume|thaw)
            chvt 7
        ;;
    suspend|hibernate)
            chvt 1
        ;;
esac

If this does not work, you can automate just the switch at resume time you are doing manually with

#!/bin/sh

# Switch to a VC and back after resume

case "$1" in
        resume|thaw)
            chvt 1
            chvt 7
        ;;
    suspend|hibernate)
        ;;
esac


When you go into the installer again, on the screen that it asks you to "Erase everything and Install Ubuntu", select the very last option instead that says like..."Something else".

Select all the partitions in the list one-by-one, click the Delete button and in the empty space click the New partition button.

Select the created partition and click Change and set to mount at / with Use as set to ext4

If you have enough ram you dont need a swap space and you can click Install and ignore the warning. Otherwise, go make a swap space, then continue.

Oh but if your drive is > 2 TB then it's probably set to GPT and this could potentially be the root of your HD issue.  In which case...you need to erase the partition table and reset it on that same screen with the partitions.  Then you reboot, relaunch the installer and continue where you left off.


virtualenvwrapper message on every new terminal

From Pablo's answer,
Running nano ~/.bashrc and putting # to comment out source ~/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh. Made the message go away in the terminal.


I've asked the same question on the Unix & Linux stack exchange hoping I would get answers from a different community and so far the answers are quite different.

Here is a summary of the answers on the other stack :

S5 template : edit html/css/js templates for a cross-browser based output (Keith)
Lyx and Beamer:

  LyX is a semi-wysiwyg document editor that uses LaTeX as its document
  format. LyX produces PDF output which you then present in the PDF
  viewer of your choice (..). (Giles)

org-mode : generate presentations from text files using org markup with .  Check out this link for a complete review.
( Riccardo Murri)


How To Log File Names A Process Accesses


Ubuntu 18.04 with Budgie booting to "Out of Range"

Since I've not heard anything from anyone I thought though how to experiment in my situation. I hope this will help others with the same symptom.

I figured that the problem was something unique to my Ubuntu install or having the Budgie desktop environment (perhaps some update messed things up). So, I tested that assumption by creating and booting from a LiveUSB. The symptom was unchanged.

I then concluded that the problem that suddenly happened was my monitor. Somehow, the monitor would handle some graphics (text, graphic grub, etc.) but not the full desktop environment. Again, this just suddenly changed from one day to the next.

So, I bought a new monitor. Now, everything is fine.

The lesson is: A little experimentation can help eliminate incorrect assumptions.


How do I share files between two computers?

There are several ways to share files in Linux, including FTP, SSH, Samba, NFS

If you want to share files and keep them in sync in both machines, probably Samba and NFS are the best options. If you only want to transfer a file from one machine to other probable FTP or SSH would be the simplest.

See the following docs for setting them up:

Samba https://help.ubuntu.com/8.04/serverguide/configuring-samba.html

NFS https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SettingUpNFSHowTo

FTP (on the server side):

sudo apt-get install inetutils-ftpd

SSH (on the server side):

sudo apt-get install openssh-server


Ubuntu / Kubuntu 18.04 + Freezing [BIOS contains WGDS but no WRDS]

We see this clue in your dmesg:

Conflict between TLV & NVM regarding enabling LAR (TLV = enabled NVM
=disabled)

I suggested that you try a driver parameter:
sudo modprobe -r iwlwifi && sudo modprobe iwlwifi lar_disable=Y

If it seems to have solved the hang issue then I suggest that you make it permanent:
sudo -i
echo "options iwlwifi lar_disable=Y"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf
exit

You should be all set.


How to fix error : starting the service porviding the vpn connection failed

The problem occurred when define gateway with a Domain name value ,

incorrect   : gateway = vpn.example.local

correct     : gateway = 172.23.42.123


Dual Boot Windows 10 overwrite boot access to Ubuntu

I have been able to create a dual boot with Ubuntu 15.04 and Windows 10.
It takes some effort but it is doable. I will also have to say I am not an expert so there might be some things missing or I might have used some wrong terminology. If you have any remarks that can add to this answer please feel free to do so.
This is an explanation of how to install Windows 10 after Ubuntu 15.04 has been installed.
Make a backup of all your data
I did not lose any information but it is better to be safe then sorry.
Create bootable flash drives
Ubuntu
I already had a bootable flash drive with Ubuntu 15.04.
If you still need to do this you can find more info here:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick
Windows
To create a bootable flash drive with Windows 10 it takes a bit more effort.
First you will need to download a Windows 10 ISO file. Next you have to mount the ISO file (I used Furious ISO Mount) and copy all the files to the flash drive.
MAKE SURE THE FLASH DRIVE IS FORMATTED AS NFTS. For this you can use gparted.
Set the correct boot sequence in the bios
This is different for every pc. When you are not sure how to get into the bios: just Google: bios boot sequence computer brand or type. You will surely find a forum or a manual that will explain it for your particular system.
On a HP Pavilion this is Esc. :)
Boot the Ubunu 15.04 flash drive
Once booted you can use trial, you do not have to install. We will run Ubuntu from the flash drive. Now the real fun begins. I hope you have done the first step and made a backup. If you did not and you are not sure what you are doing, go back and make a backup.
Create a new partition for Windows 10
You can use gparted to divide your harddrive into multiple partitions.
Right-click on your harddrive and click Resize/move and set the new size for your Ubuntu partition. The rest will go into the new partition you can use for Windows 10.
How you divide the harddisk space is all up to you but keep in mind that windows will take a lot more space than Ubuntu.
The shrinking of the Ubuntu partition might take a while so it is time to get a cup of coffee.
Format
Right-click on the new partition and this time select Format to NFTS.
Set flag
Right-click one more time on the new partition and set the flag to boot.
Set label
This is not mandatory but if you like to keep this organised it is nice to give your partitions a name. Right click on each partition you would like to rename and set the label.
Now you are all set and done to install Windows 10.
Install Windows 10#
Turn off the computer, remove the Ubuntu flash drive and insert the Windows_10 bootable flash drive. Run the installation process. Be sure you install it on the right partition. (Are you still sure you didn't need that backup?)
Reinstall Grub
After installing Windows you will notice that the computer automatically boots into Windows 10. But we wanted to have dual boot. For this we will need to do one more step. We will have to reinstall Grub.
I have found a great link that helped me to do this:
http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/ubuntu/reinstall-ubuntu-grub-bootloader-after-windows-wipes-it-out/
Now you should be all set and done with your brand new Ubuntu 15.04 and Windows Dual boot machine. Awesome.
From this point I would like to thank everyone that helped me to figure this out.


For the usage you make of your PC, Ubuntu is a very good choice. Considering your hardware, it should run very fast.

For the drivers, once Ubuntu is installed, you will receive a notification. The only thing you will have to do is to activate the driver, Ubuntu will take care of download and install it.

For torrent download, the software that handle them is Transmission, and it comes with Ubuntu.

For security, it is very safe.


How to fix sound in wolfenstein Enemy Territory

I got tired of rebooting to windows just to play wolf-et, so i tried doing clean install of ubuntu 10.10 (maverick).

And after that I just installed Wolfenstein: ET from playdeb and everything works great.
http://www.playdeb.net/software/Enemy%20Territory


How can I recover from installation of Lubuntu 18.04?

TL;DR

Press the ESC key when the Lubuntu dots screen appears to see why it has stopped loading.

With the added information it appears that there is a PCI Bus error occuring.  The recommended course of action (from other websites) is to make sure that your BIOS is up to date.  Please update your BIOS (or verify that it is the current version) and, if the error still occurs, update your question.

Full story (which will be updated as the question is revised)

This is unlikely to be an EFI problem.  EFI can be on any or all of the disks.  Your BIOS will search for all EFI partitions and offer them to you in the BIOS menu(s).  From there, you can select the OS to boot by default, or to boot as a one-off with menus you select during boot up.  Usually these can be enacted by pressing F12

When you do upgrades, the kernel is also upgraded.  Kernels are built based upon information provided by the manufacturer.  As such, the kernel will operate based on the assumption that the firmware of the hardware is also up to date. (Unless it is able to update it itself, which never happens with BIOS firmware).


Need a few reboots to connect to wireless

Overview

The problem seems to be with the buggy driver r8187se .  The resolution is outlined below, with detailed steps and explanations to follow.  Note that this problem could arise out of other buggy drivers as well, and may work.  I am describing my situation with RTL8187SE on msi wind U100 netbook running ubuntu 12.10.

  Download the WinXP driver for the realtek wireless lan.
  Install ndiswrapper-1.58rc1 (not the default version ndiswrapper-1.57 from the repository.  See more details below.
  Install the downloaded driver using ndiswrapper.
  Blacklist r8187se.
  Configure to load ndiswrapper.

STEP 1. Download the Windows driver for Realtek RTL8187SE wireless LAN

Download the suitable driver from Realtek.  Unpack the zip file, navigate to the appropriate WinXP folder and locate the driver as *.inf file.

STEP 2. Install ndiswrapper-1.58rc1

The version found in the ubuntu repository of this driver is 1.57.  There has been many problems reported using this version or compiling from ndiswrapper-dkms.  That is why I am not suggesting the straight foward use of apt-get to install ndisgtk.  It gives the error "driver not found."  For the work around I followed and suggest the following method:

  Download ndiswrapper-1.58rc1 from
  this site.
  Extract

$ tar -zxvf ndiswrapper-1.58rc1.tar.gz
  cd to the extracted directory.  And type in the command line:

$ make

$ sudo make install

Now ndiswrapper is installed.

STEP 3. Install the Windows dirver in ndiswrapper.

Follow these steps:

$ ndiswrapper -i /full/path/to/WinXP/Driver/driver.inf

$ ndiswrapper -m

$ modprobe ndiswrapper

Now the Windows driver is ready to be used.

Now we need to disable r8187se from loading, and make ndiswrapper load automatically at startup and wake up from suspend.

STEP 4. Disable r8187se.

Edit the file /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf (or, an appropriate file to this effect, if you are running an older version of ubuntu) as root and add the line:

blacklist r8187se

STEP 5. Enable ndiswrapper automatically.

Edit the file /etc/rc.local and add the following line before the last line:

modprobe ndiswrapper

Make sure this file ends with the line:

exit 0

Now there should be no problem.  At least I didn't!


The default character encoding is UTF-8 (Unicode), though almost all (quite possibly all on a default install) file names are regular ASCII characters, common to most encodings.

I don't know what you mean by "how many strings are represented by a bash or python script". You can use Unicode characters in bash scripts on Ubuntu, but usually with a bash script, you call other programs, and whether those other programs will handle them is another matter. It's certainly possible to do so with Python too, though you'll want to familiarize yourself with the packages and settings related thereto.


fsck.ext4 [-panyrcdfvtDFV] [-b superblock] [-B blocksize]
        [-I inode_buffer_blocks] [-P process_inode_size]
        [-l|-L bad_blocks_file] [-C fd] [-j external_journal]
        [-E extended-options] device

Emergency help:
 -p                   Automatic repair (no questions)
 -n                   Make no changes to the filesystem
 -y                   Assume "yes" to all questions
 -c                   Check for bad blocks and add them to the badblock list
 -f                   Force checking even if filesystem is marked clean
 -v                   Be verbose
 -b superblock        Use alternative superblock
 -B blocksize         Force blocksize when looking for superblock
 -j external_journal  Set location of the external journal
 -l bad_blocks_file   Add to badblocks list
 -L bad_blocks_file   Set badblocks list


How do I change what filetypes Ubuntu One Ignores on a Mac (OSX)?

It turns out all you need to edit is the ~\Library\Preferences\ubuntuone\syncdaemon.conf.  This file can be edited just the same as described in Linux.


How do I change my user permissions to edit /etc/apt/sources.list?

You need root privileges to edit that file. Open the file from a terminal and type "sudo" in front of your editor of choice. More on sudo: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudo

For example:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Nano is a fairly simple editor. See this question How to edit files in a terminal with nano? if you want to know more on how to use it.