Making Liquorix default kernel with native NVIDIA drivers for Ubuntu 16.04 for enhanced gaming and realtime functionality

As one will note in my thread above, there was a workable suggestion to solve this and so I wanted to share it with the community here since it's a pretty seamless solution and everything is working quite well:

Apparently there's a problem with nvidia-384 and by going to a PPA with a higher version that is well taken care of, the issue is resolved. These are the steps to install both the liquorix kernel and nvidia-387:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:damentz/liquorix && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-image-liquorix-amd64 linux-headers-liquorix-amd64
sudo apt-get install nvidia-387

This may work with newer versions of Ubuntu, but I've not tested it. Your mileage may vary...


Based on this site, I was able to find out a workaround to disable the link-clicking ability.

Open Thunderbird
Go to Edit>Preferences.
Go to the Advanced>General tab, then click Config Editor.
Promise that you will be careful
Type this into the search bar: network.protocol-handler.external-default
Double click on the option that appears to make it false.Note: If it's alerady false, you are not able to click on any link anyway.
Done, you can now close the two windows. Close Thunderbird if you don't need it open at the moment.


Installing Samba on a Separate Volume (Hard Disk)

Yes, you will need to install Samba from source though. See the Samba manual, chapter 2 deals with this. From the link:

  In addition, Table 2-1 shows some other parameters that you can give the configure script if you wish to store parts of the Samba distribution in different places, perhaps to make use of multiple disks or partitions. Note that the defaults sometimes refer to a prefix specified earlier in the table.


Try to append libata.force=1:noncq into /etc/default/grub, like the following:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash libata.force=1:noncq"

Then:

sudo update-grub


You have no errors you have no programs not working correctly the machine starts with out error.
The maker of the PC says you do not need to install them. I would follow that advice


After much searching I found a forum, that lead me to a forum, etc... And I eventually found this download for linux, windows, and mac, not just windows or mac, Installed it in blender, and it works like a charm.


Cannot mount USB after I boot Kali on it

use Gparted in live Ubuntu USB to resize the partition  , or boot to ubuntu if you have ubuntu then type this at terminal sudo apt-get install gparted this will install Gparted then you can resize your partition .
if you have windows open disk management then make a free space for Linux by shrinking any partition of yours and keep it unallocated space.
Note:  make sure that your OS is not hibernated


Install OpenSSh from source on ubuntu 16.04

Sometimes when compiling, and it depends on how the developer builds his Makefile, he has had to specify the output directory, so he does not give me the errors.

./configure --prefix = /path_for_build


To delete empty directories below but not including /home/SHARE/temp use

find /home/SHARE/temp -depth -mindepth 1 -type d -empty -exec rmdir {} \;

To delete only files in your original command include -type f thus

find /home/SHARE/temp -type f -mtime +10 -exec rm {} \;

If using these commands from cron replace \; with \\;


Asus 1025c is a CedarView based netbook, which are known to boot to black screen both with 12.04 and 12.10.

IMHO, 12.10 is a bit heavy for a netbook anyway. Try 12.04, with Unity2d or another lightweight environment, and follow the [Poulsbo wiki](to work around the black screen problem).

Basically, if hit with a black screen when booting from USB, press ctrl-alt-f1 to switch to a tty, log in, and restart xserver with

sudo service lightdm restart

After the installation, run gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub, and add console=tty1 to the following line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

...the end result should look look like this

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash console=tty1"

Apply the GRUB configuration by running sudo update-grub (thanks to user32674 for pointing this out).

You could then also try searching for Additional Drivers in the Dash and install the CedarView driver.

Hope that works.


Route only specific intranet traffic via eth0; everything else via wlan0

I am not an expert, just autodidact. Hopefully this is going to help you somehow, since nobody gave you any answer at all actually.

You believe you are losing packets, perhaps randomly - how to you come to this conclusion?

How do I route everything that is coming from or going to a specific address to a specific interface and make everything else go to the other interface?

By setting up routes as you already did using the gui.

It should work like this from command line:

Ethernetdevice connected to the LIDAR

sudo ip route add ip-of-a-specific-server-or-device-or-of-whole-subnet via standardgateway1

Assuming your LIDAR has ip 192.168.2.202
and the router or standardgateway on that net has the IP 192.168.2.1

the command could look like this

sudo ip route add 192.168.2.202 via 192.168.2.1

or if you want to route all traffic to any device inside that subnet:

sudo ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.2.1

/24 is a subnetmask of 255.255.255.0 that is 8 bit + 8 bit + 8 bit + 0 bit = 24 bit

Ethernetdevice connected to the internet

sudo ip route add all-the-rest-to-the-internet via standardgateway2

The rest/internet has the default ip of 0.0.0.0
Your router or modem might have the ip 192.168.1.1

The command should look like this:

sudo ip route add 0.0.0.0 via 192.168.1.1

Problems that sometimes can occur when routing:

You are sending ip packets with a bad source ip.
For example it can happen that you send a source ip of 192.168.1.x to a device at 192.168.2.x. To check this you could use tcpdump -i interface -vvv and check what is shown as your outgoing ip. To repair this you need to use iptables and MASQUERADE your traffic for example with sudo iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -o specific-interface-for-example-eth0 -j MASQUERADE

To Monitor your traffic I would suggest to use bmon as it will show you also collisions / errors per device.


Which version to install: desktop or server?

For regular users 12.04 because is Long Term Support is the best choise.

If you know much stuff about it and you have time to find solutions on your own, you may choose 12.10


How to install Picasa Picture Viewer on 12.04

Even when it was supported by Google, what they distributed was just the windows executable and a copy of wine. This combination still works.

Install wine from the software center (or with sudo apt-get install wine).

Download the latest installer and then run it by double clicking in nautilus or running wine picasa39-setup.exe in a terminal. This should take you through the install process and add an entry to the applications menu.

Being a windows application, it doesn't integrate that well with Ubuntu. I have found picasa 3.9 to crash occasionally in Ubuntu - anecdotally earlier versions (3.6) may be more reliable.

While it is likely to be possible to run picasa for windows under wine for the foreseeable future, you may wish to consider using a native application, such as shotwell.


I suggest you to use Lubuntu or Xubuntu.They are lightweight and appropriate for older hardware.

Installation

download the iso file.
mount it on an dvd/usb drive.
boot from the usb/dvd by selecting appropriate option in boot menu.Then just follow the instructions.


How to preview DDS and WEBP images on nautilus?

Create files at /usr/share/thumbnailers with these names and content:
DDS
From here: Write to dds.thumbnailer:
[Thumbnailer Entry]
Exec=/usr/bin/convert -thumbnail x%s %i png:%o
MimeType=image/x-dds;

WEBP
First install webp: sudo apt-get install webp.
Based on this. Write to  webp.thumbnailer:
sudo gedit /usr/share/thumbnailers/webp.thumbnailer.
[Thumbnailer Entry]
Exec=/usr/bin/dwebp %i -scale 100 100 -o %o
MimeType=image/x-webp;image/webp;

and restart nautilus after fully quitting it with nautilus -q.
As pointed by @PereJoanMartorell I had to remove the files inside ~/.cache/thumbnails/fail at least.
Note:
The problem with this webp approach is that all thumbnails will be 100x100 px.
But this script makes it work properly (and it can be highly simplified, see the answer below here https://askubuntu.com/a/1223606/46437, to not depend on ScriptEchoColor libs). Also the improved one based on it, for animated webp https://askubuntu.com/a/1322204/46437 (looks interesting, haven't tried it yet tho, just learned webp could be animated!).
Obs.: on 18.04 and 20.04 it only works on nemo, on nautilus it is failing to generate the thumbnails but works to visualize'm.


Private networking with direct crossover Ethernet cable failing

Brief outline for an alternate way to accomplish file transfers, without cable and connection profile changes, and more...

connect your phone to the 18.04 computer with bluetooth
on 18.04, open nm-connection-editor and create a new ethernet connection profile
go to the IPv4 tab and enable "Share to other computers"
go to the 16.04 computer
create a standard ethernet connection profile with dhcp
connect an ethernet cable between the two computers
note: you may have to reboot one/both computers at this time
enable Folder Sharing on one/both computers (use the Public folder if you wish)
transfer files using drag and drop
reach the Internet from either computer

note: you may have to install dnsmasq-base in 18.04 to get this all to work


Fix for flickering mouse in gedit on 15.04 when unsaved changes exist?

I experience this issue after I copy or paste some text in a new, unsaved tab, using the keyboard shortcuts ( Ctrl+C / Ctrl+V ).

Seems that by opening a dialog (for example the replace text dialog), fixes the issue.

It also happened that I had the issue on a tab and opening a dialog didn't help. I suspected that some other tab was causing the issue so I opened a dialog while on a different tab that was open and it fixed the issue.


What is the difference between Digital Input (S/PDIF) and Headset Microphone

It might be a bug occurring with USB devices: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-lib/+bug/1002952

If you have a USB headset, or other USB device that does not have any S/PDIF output, but yet sometimes there is an extra device called "Digital Output (S/PDIF)" for that device, you're suffering from this bug.

This bug is only for USB devices - if you have an invalid digital output for some other type of device, please file a separate bug instead.


How to upgrade VirtualBox in 14.04 Native using CLI

You can just double click the file to open it in Software center where you can click install. Your existing virtual machines aren't affected.


How do I install Ubuntu on a USB Flash Drive?

You can use either UNetbootin or LiLi(Linux Live) USB creator to create a live USB with persistence(dedicated partition for the live OS) from the ISO which can be downloaded from Ubuntu.com


http://paste.ubuntu.com/6385594/

You only have one hard drive. Do not confuse Windows use of partitions as drives.

You need to use a 64 bit version of Boot-Repair to correctly fix your system. It looks like you tried to install wubi inside Windows. Wubi does not work with gpt partitioned drives or any pre-installed Windows 8.

You have installed in BIOS boot mode, but Windows is in UEFI boot mode. Best if Ubuntu also is in UEFI boot mode.

You also need to turn off fast boot or the always on hibernation that Windows 8 uses.

Follow install instructions in these links and install a 64 bit version:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI


Is there any way to make Audacious music player playes still after it exits?

First, go to View > Visualizations

On side menu, click "Plugins", then open "General" tab, you'll see few checkbox option. Enable the "Status Icon" one.

Open "Settings" to configure this plugin, below "Other Settings" section, enable "Close to system tray".

Audacious play-on-close in my 16.04 system.


Is it possible to get Sound Menu integration for cmus?

Cmus does not natively support playback control via D-Bus/MPRIS. To my knowledge there is no third party plugin providing MPRIS control of cmus, at least I couldn't find any. Therefore we can not integrate it to the Indicator Sound menu the way we use to other MPRIS-capable players.

As an alternative to the sound menu you may want to have a look at some projects that allow remote cmus control via a web-interface or an Android app, or aid in displaying player status.


What is the difference between "service restart" and "service reload"

restart = stop + start
reload = remain running + re-read configuration files.


.srt text files that are in greek are not displayed properly

I had the same issue and just solved it through others's help. Opening it directly with gedit,
LibreOffice or other editors and trying to save it in another encoding didn't help. The reason is they are usually encoded in Windows-1253 set, while many Linux programs automatically detect this codeset as "Western".

One easy way to go about it, is to tell every program you use that it's not a "Western" codeset. For Gedit, you can do that by opening gedit alone, go to "Open file", chose your file and at the bottom of the window the correct "Character Encoding", which should write "Automatically detected" at this point and must be changed to a Greek codeset for getting a readable text. Gedit then opens the file in the correct codeset.
For VLC, since we are discussing about subtitles, the only thing to do is change the default subtitle encoding to "Windows-1253", you can find it in "Preferences"/"Subtitles". Greek letters appear normally then, even if you can't read the .srt properly in another editor.

The other, and safest, way to open readable greek characters in txt files that were written in windows machines is to first convert them to UTF-8, which will give you a permanent solution for the specific file. The way to do that is through console with iconv tool :

iconv -f Windows-1253 -t UTF-8 input.txt > output.txt

Obviously, you either execute it from the folder the .txt file is located, or from anywhere else, but giving the whole path for input.txt and output.txt in that case. In rare cases, the original file encoding could be ISO-8859-7, which is another greek encoding, if Windows-1253 doesn't work you could try that too, replacing it as "from" encoding, i.e.

iconv -f ISO-8859-7 -t UTF-8 input.txt > output.txt


The correct way to fix this problem is to download needed package by hand, then install or extract it to the system. Of course you can perform such actions from LiveCD/LiveUSB.

How to solve such problems:

Visit packages.ubuntu.com.
Enter missed file name in Search the contents of packages (in our case libz.so.1.2.8) specifying target Distribution (xenial in our case) and CPU Architecture (amd64):

Click Search, it will show the results page:

Then click on the zlib1g link
In Download section click amd64:

On opened page select nearest mirror, (copy link or download deb-file by browser)

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zlib/zlib1g_1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4_amd64.deb

Try to install downloaded package to the system:

sudo dpkg -i zlib1g_1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4_amd64.deb

If it does not work - extract it directly to filesystem:

sudo dpkg -x zlib1g_1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4_amd64.deb /

And then for sure reinstall it with APT:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall zlib1g


Reinstall the driver:

sudo apt-get --purge autoremove xserver-xorg-input-synaptics && sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics


XPS 13 9350 (2016) suspend - sound issues

I'm also using a DELL XPS 13 9360 (late 2016) and experienced the same issues on suspend. the system would suspend but would not resume.

I have Ubuntu 16.10 installed with kernel version : 4.8.0-27-generic

What solved the issue for me is the installing of user-space uswsusp package.

sudo apt-get install uswsusp

Reference: PowerManagement Ubuntu


How can I determine about a command, that which package provides it, using the command line?

dpkg has this option. Read same question here

Do this:

bash:$ dpkg -S unity-webapps-runner
unity-webapps-service: /usr/bin/unity-webapps-runner

Then if you want more information use apt-cache

bash:$ apt-cache showpkg unity-webapps-service


The fundamental problem here - at least in my case - was that the file in question had the Windows convention of a CR+LF charater at the end of the script file, as opposed to the *nix convention of simply using LF only.  To fix this, you need to change the script file itself so that it following *nix conventions.  The answer above suggests a couple of good ways to do that.  Some editors (e.g. Notepad++) have similar functionality built-in.


use of multiple network interfaces on MAAS is a hassle and unnecessary for most deployments.  You only need a single network interface.  Just make sure your host vlans are forwarding DHCP requests to MAAS (e.g. Cisco IP helpers).  If you use multiple nics, you may need to account for asymmetric routing issues when MAAS wants to reach hosts using secondary network connections while the hosts want to reach MAAS using MAAS's primary management nic.


How to install wkhtmltopdf, specifically v0.12.4 in ubuntu server 14.04?

Found an answer with help of wkhtmltopdf authors in github

apt-get update
apt-get install -y --force-yes xvfb
wget https://github.com/wkhtmltopdf/wkhtmltopdf/releases/download/0.12.4/wkhtmltox-0.12.4_linux-generic-amd64.tar.xz
tar xvf wkhtmltox-0.12.4_linux-generic-amd64.tar.xz
mv wkhtmltox/bin/wkhtmltopdf /usr/bin
rm wkhtmltox-0.12.4_linux-generic-amd64.tar.xz  && rm -rf wkhtmltox

Thanks to ashkulz


Install synaptic form the Ubuntu Software Center

In Synaptic select bcmwl-kernel-source and bcmwl-sta-source

Then install it.

I'm sorry you must have a connection internet try wired.


How to count number of process instances with bash?

As ps aux prints information about one process per line (including a headline, which can be disabled with the --no-heading option).

Therefore you can easily count the processes by simply counting the lines of this output, using wc:

ps aux --no-heading | wc -l


As @LiveWireBT said in a comment, you can use vorbiscomment, available in the vorbis-tools package.

vorbiscomment is not really easy to use when you want to replace/edit a single tag, like Genre, because you have only two options: append a tag with -a, or replace ALL TAGS with -w.

Appending a Genre tag will ADD a Genre tag, not edit the current one.
Writing a Genre tag will ONLY write the Genre tag, and remove all other tags.

So my workaround to modify a tag is the following:

# dynamically: list tags, edit one with sed, rewrite tags
vorbiscomment -l file.ogg | sed 's/^genre=.*/GENRE=Black Metal/' | vorbiscomment -w file.ogg

# with a temporary file (it's actually one of the examples in the manpage)
# (a bit longer/more difficult to use in a for loop,
# since you can specify only one input file)
vorbiscomment -l file.ogg > comments.txt
<edit comments.txt with vim/nano/sed>
vorbiscomment -w -c comments.txt file.ogg

About the encoding of tags, the --raw option might be what you need:

  -R, --raw
  Read and write comments in UTF-8, rather than converting to the user's character set.


Unable to configure Ubuntu kiosk mode 12.04

I setup kiosks using the 14.04 server install.  I based my build on the instructions here - https://thepcspy.com/read/building-a-kiosk-computer-ubuntu-1404-chrome/ - I changed the program needed from Chrome which is very easy to do.

I chose this because the server install is very minimalist to start with so much less to break.  It lock the system into the program rather nicely.  You can get back to the terminal by hitting CTRL-ALT-F1 while restarting the application but you have to catch it just right!  Other than that I SSH into the machine to work on it.


You need to escape the $ when passing it to the ls command in the terminal, as $ is a special character used for referencing environment variables in the shell.

Running ls \$RECYCLE.BIN will list the contents of that folder, or only that file, depending on which it is. As for the $RECYCLE.BIN directory itself, it is a special directory on NTFS partitions, if you move files to Recycle Bin in Windows, they end up in that directory on the partition, until you empty the Recycle Bin.


Cronjob sends out mail but I did not specify one...?

By default, Cron will send out notifications to @ (so if you log on as jim and your system is called mypc.local, cron will send notifications to jim@mypc.local by default). You can change this email address by adding the following line to the top of your crontab file (by running crontab -e).

MAILTO="myemail@gmail.com"

This is a per user change, so if you have multiple users on your system, you will need to do this for each of them.


How to tells disks apart during install?

You can run terminal commands by switching to a different virtual console with Alt+F2 (or +F3, +F4, etc.) The command blockdev --getsize64 /dev/sda will show you the size in bytes of the device /dev/sda. If you want more info, fdisk -l /dev/sda will also show you a partition layout. Once you're done, Alt+F1 should put you back in the installer.


How do I create program launcher on Gnome classic desktop?

Just drag and drop the item from the Applications menu onto the desktop or Gnome panel.


Boot problem after hanging and manual power off ( Stopping User Manager for UID 121... )

To fix from a live USB, connect to Internet from the live system and open a terminal then follow these steps:

Run:

sudo fdisk -l

And identify your root partition. It could be something like /dev/sda1 then mount it to /mnt like so:

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/

Then run:

sudo mount --bind /proc/ /mnt/proc/

Then run:

sudo mount --bind /sys/ /mnt/sys/

Then run:

sudo mount --bind /dev/ /mnt/dev/

Then run:

sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf

Then run:

sudo chroot /mnt/

Now you are in your original system on the hard disk. Update APT first like so:

sudo apt update

Then install xserver-xorg like so:

sudo apt install xserver-xorg

Then run:

sudo apt purge nvidia-*

Then run:

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

When finished run:

exit

Then run:

sudo umount /mnt/dev/

Then run:

sudo umount /mnt/sys/

Then run:

sudo umount /mnt/proc/

Then run:

sudo umount /mnt/

Then reboot to your original system, it should be fixed


With GNU sed, you can use the R command:

   R filename
          Append  a line read from filename.  Each invocation of the command
          reads a line from the file.  This is a GNU extension.

So
$ sed 'R fileb.txt' filea.txt
I love Pink
I hate yello
I love Blue
I hate white
I love Dogs
I hate rats
I love MOMO
I hate pigs

Combined with d to delete the original line:
$ sed -e '2~2{R fileb.txt' -e 'd;}' filea.txt
I love Pink
I hate yello
I love Dogs
I hate white

If you want to replace every 2nd line of filea.txt with every 2nd line of fileb.txt, then:
$ sed '2~2d' fileb.txt | sed -e '2~2{R /dev/stdin' -e 'd;}' filea.txt
I love Pink
I hate yello
I love Dogs
I hate rats

Alternatively, use paste to join lines of the files side-by-side, then pipe to sed to change the default tab delimiters to newlines on only the odd lines:
$ paste filea.txt fileb.txt | sed -n '1~2s/\t/\n/p'
I love Pink
I hate yello
I love Dogs
I hate rats

Obviously this won't work if the original filea.txt may contain tab characters.
Since you also tagged your question awk, you could also consider something like
awk '{getline x < "fileb.txt"} NR%2 {print; print x}' filea.txt


How do I logout of Ubuntu Software Center? (Seriously, where's the logout button?)

You can delete stored Software Center tokens from "Password and Keys" and then log in again.


Find the capability pointer of DMI3, it doesn't support SW. So this is not problem.


Xubuntu mouse cursor resets size on startup

Go to /usr/share/icons/default open icon.theme and make sure it contains:

  Inherits= Adwaita

close&save

Open a terminal. Using your favourite editor, edit/create ~/.Xdefaults. Add the following text:

Xcursor.theme: Adwaita
Xcursor.size: 32

Save and close the file. Now run:

mkdir ~/.icons

#if one already exists backup&delete it then recreate

ln -s /usr/share/icons/Adwaita ~/.icons/default

Now reboot.

Then go to the xfce4 mouse&touchpad settings, change to any of the preinstalled cursor themes and your preferred cursor size, reboot to check if it works as it should.

Note: I only tested the solution with the xubuntu&debian preinstalled cursor themes.


Error font render in Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit?

If the problem exists for only the newly copied fonts, then it is a permission issue. Make sure the current user has the permission to "read" those fonts.


How can I share files between Windows XP and Ubuntu 12.04?

The easiest way is having a third partition formated in FAT32 and mounting it automatically in /etc/fstab. This partition will be seen by Ubuntu and WindowsXP without problem, so you could use it to save all you need.


This solution assumes that you only have (or had) to modify /etc/pam.d/common-auth to make fingerprint reader work.

Make a copy of the file sudo cp -p /etc/pam.d/common-auth /etc/pam.d/common-auth-finger and make the necessary changes to that file instead (if you use pam-auth-update or some other automated tool, just let it make changes, and swap the files afterwards)
In /etc/pam.d/lightdm replace the line that has @include common-auth to read @include common-auth-finger

This should be all that is needed. If you had changed pam configuration in a different way, please tell how.


I can't format my live-USB pendrive (udisks-error-quark, 11)

If you don't have any valuable data on that drive you can create a new partition table with Gnome Disks if it doesn't like the current one:

Click on the cogwheel for drive operations and select “Format…”.

Select a suitable partition table type and click on “Format…” again. For a USB flash drive you probably want “MBR/DOS” as the partition type like in the screenshot.

Confirm that you want to overwrite the partition table and lose all data on the drive.
Afterwards create a new partition and format it.

Click on the button with the ✚ sign below the partition layout.

Select

suitable partition boundaries (you probably want to cover the entire available space which is the default),
a file system (for a USB drive probably FAT, exFAT, or NTFS), and
optionally a name.

Click on “Create”, wait a while for the file system creation to finish (can be in the range of minutes for a large but slow drive) and you’re done!


How to add more hard drives to my ubuntu home server

Yes adding hard drives is a fairly simple process as long as you don't need raid or other advanced functionality. The simplest way is to boot into a live disk of GParted to partition the drive (Doable through command line but more difficult, skip this if you've already formatted and partitioned the drive). Then you can mount the drive on the server by adding it to the fstab (/etc/fstab). sudo lshw -C disk should give you the logical name of installed drives if the drives are the same then run this before and after adding the new drive. Once you know which one is the new drive take the logical name (eg. /dev/sdb) and add it to the fstab in this format (Mountpoint is a folder where the new drive will be accessible) /dev/logicalname  /mountpoint  filesystem defaults  0  2
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingANewHardDrive might help to provide a more detailed explanation.


Is it helpful to make a third disk partition to be able to access to it with both Windows and Ubuntu?

There are a few ways to share files between dual-booted Windows and Ubuntu systems.

1.  Use a flash/thumb drive.

Obviously, one way to do this is to plug in a flash drive and just copy the files over to it.  Reboot into your other installation and plug the drive back in.

2. Set up a mutual partition

Like you suggested, you could set up a mutual partition that can be accessed by both systems.  If you don't want to use a flash drive, this is probably the cleanest method.

3. Install Ext4 drivers on Windows

This method only works if you didn't install Ubuntu using LVM (Logical Volume Management).  Most Linux systems use a file system called Ext4.  Normally, Windows can't read this type of file system, but you can install the necessary driver for Windows here.  I've tested this method myself, and it worked perfectly for me.  Be sure to add Ext2Fsd to your Windows startup applications, otherwise you'll have to manually start the program to access your Linux partitions.  This method allows you to have the most storage space allocated to each system.

Which method you use is mainly a matter of preference.  Using a mutual partition is a perfectly viable option, but it would take up disk space that could be allocated to your installed systems.  Using Ext2Fsd allows you to free up that disk space you would have used for your partition, but you would have another set of drivers to manage on your Windows system.

Hope this helps!


Installed Cinnamon on Ubuntu. Is it considered Linux Mint or Ubuntu?

Ubuntu with a Cinnamon desktop environment is still considered Ubuntu: a Linux distribution is far more than just a desktop environment. Distributions differ by several default packages. For instance, since 15.04 Ubuntu is switching to another init system, which brings up services. Mint as far as I know, on the other hand, is still using upstart.


Use f9 there you can see Ubuntu. If you want a permanent repair then you should change OS boot manager preference in your BIOS menu. See here my answer


If you have an Atheros PCI wireless card, then I think downloading and configuring the MADWIFI driver could help. http://sourceforge.net/projects/madwifi/?source=directory

The instructions to do so are in the folder.


Ubuntu 12 slow on intel ATOM mini-itx board

I would recommend installing gnome-session-fallback, log out of your desktop session and click the "foot" to the right of your username and password.

The fastest is Gnome classic (no effects), and that is what I use.  Gnome classic is pretty light on the bling and also seems to run well right on down through i845s and such.  I think Unity's fundamental problem here is it assumes excessively hefty openGL hardware.


List and enable/disable Compiz plugins on command line

At least in 11.04 & 11.10 this will give you a list of the enabled plugins inside of brackets. []

 gconftool-2 --get  /apps/compiz-1/general/screen0/options/active_plugins

you can take that list, add to or subtract and then set with this, using " around the brackets "[]"

gconftool-2 --set --type=list --list-type=string /apps/compiz-1/general/screen0/options/active_plugins "[list,goes,in,here]"


NTFS file system has become read only after running Gparted

Install NTFS configuration tool and when you open it for first time you will get an option to enable write support on NTFS partitions you have - internal or external.

You can also select which partitions you want to enable support by default.

For example, I have three NTFS partitions - one of which is Windows 7 C: drive and one other is Windows 7 boot loader partition. I enabled write support only for C: drive and not the bootloader by default. Doing this will also auto-mount the partitions for you (by the time Ubuntu boots up). You don't need to mount them each time, if you use this tool.

Go to Software Center and search for NTFS and you will find this one in the list. Just install it and open it, you will understand what to do. I use Gparted too, but I don't think that the problem is with Gparted or something else. NTFS partitions give some trouble sometimes.

Read these for more explanation if the software center doesn't show NTFS tool in its repositories (which I think might be the case with 11.10):

How do I enable NTFS write support?

Adding NTFS-Write capability by default


Ubuntu 16.04 won't relinquish wired connection for wireless

As noted in my answer I had the interface for eth0 defined in /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0.cfg.  I simply had to remove that and wireless now works!  So must be some kind of automatic configuration must be happening.

I played around with defining a wlan0.cfg but that was unnsuccessful.  I'm sure I just had a settings mismatch and I will attempt this task again at another time (for educational purposes).


PHP LARAVEL ERROR: no pages are found except index page in Laravel deployed on LAMP Stack on Ubuntu 16 OS

Try running this in the terminal

$ sudo a2enmod rewrite

And then add to your /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-defaults.conf inside VirtualHost tag another tag:

<Directory /var/www/html>
    AllowOverride All
</Directory>

Replace /var/www/html with whatever your document root is. Finally restart apache

$ sudo service apache2 restart

And you should be good to go!

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CatEn5IAlo


Marty Fried's answer contains the one most valuable info: the Cookbook. Reading thru that makes you more than able to write your init scripts.

However, messing with init.d, rc*.d, chkconfig et al, is not what you want to do. On Ubuntu (and other distros), they're just remains of the old sysvinit stuff which many packages still use or just support for legacy reasons. YOU DON'T NEED OR WANT TO GO THERE :-)

Simplest of all Upstart scripts is starting a daemon (put it in /etc/init/mydaemon.conf):

exec /path/to/binary

Thats ALL you need. That makes Upstart run the daemon when you do start mydaemon.

OK, you want it to start automatically? Usually, starting after dbus is a logical choise, so lets do that:

start on started dbus
stop on stopping dbus
exec /path/to/binary

This simple script starts your daemon whenever dbus has started and will stop it just before dbus stops.

You want it to respawn (re-launch) if it crashes? No problem, just add respawn on its own line to the file.

Your daemon forks or daemonizes itself? Well lets catch it nonetheless! Add expect fork in case of single fork, or expect daemon in case of true (double-fork) daemonization.

Lets summarize a simple startup script for your daemon:

author "Your name goes here - optional"
description "What your daemon does shortly - optional"

start on started dbus
stop on stopping dbus

# console output  # if you want daemon to spit its output to console... ick
respawn # it will respawn if crashed/killed

exec /path/to/binary

In case you don't wanna run a daemon, but just a series of commands, lets forget the exec line and add a script section:

script
   echo "Hello world!"
end script

This makes Upstart run the script instead of the daemon. The script section is just a normal shell script, so you can do pretty much anything you want inside of it.

Hope it helps. Stick to the Upstart configuration files and don't mess with legacy sysv and you'll keep sane :-)


Can't boot into Ubuntu with extra hard drive

You should check your bios settings to check the correct boot sequence. You have to be sure that the first storage is your SSD where you have installed Ubuntu.


I wouldn't say they're explicitly Ubuntu One related.

CouchDB is a database. It's a fairly light, fairly fast way of storing simple data. Applications can use it to store their data. One advantage over things like SQLite (that is faster than CouchDB) is it is much easier to dump a load of records to JSON and import them at another end without conflict. You can do this with relational databases but it usually means layering on some transaction-logging logic which can still cause problems in asynchronous settings. This means it can easily be used in version control systems like Ubuntu One a lot more efficiently.

I think we're getting away from the real point somewhat. The clue that something isn't right should be the presence of ubuntu-desktop in that lot. It's just a metapackage but it holds the dependencies for most of the Ubuntu desktop system. If you remove it, and then something does an auto-remove, you'll probably lose most of your desktop.

There's also a conflict with xulrunner-1.9.1 which is a core dependency of Firefox.

In short, libmozjs-dev isn't compatible with whatever you're trying to install it on. I note that libmozjs-dev has been dropped from the past two releases so if you're trying to force it into Lucid or Maverick (10.04/10.10) I would stop now and look for another way of installing it (namely downloading it from Mozilla and compiling it yourself).


How to configure phpMyAdmin to access multiple servers?

Fairly old question, but still relevant on searches.

phpMyAdmin uses plain PHP for config files, and the $cfg['Servers'] array to get the configured servers.

So the proper way is to add a new config file in /etc/phpmyadmin/conf.d for every server you want to add. It's only required to end the files name in .php to get them included, but it's a good idea to use your_new_server.inc.php for consistency.

The minimal contents for a given config file would be:

<?php // let the interpreter know this is code
$cfg['Servers'][2]['host']     = 'THE_HOST';
$cfg['Servers'][2]['user']     = 'THE_USER';
$cfg['Servers'][2]['password'] = 'THE_PASSWORD';

As stated in another answer, you can check the /usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin/examples/config.manyhosts.inc.php file for more parameters.

Important: You have to increase the index (2) of the array for every new file, and avoid using 1 if you want to keep connecting to localhost.

If the guy(s) that package(s) phpMyAdmin had thought about it, they could have added the incrementing $i variable in the foreach that includes the files from the conf.d directory, so you could just use it as the index and not worry about having to increase it manually, but sadly it's not the case. You can do it yourself though.

[2019]: Newer PHP versions allow this more succinct alternative syntax:

<?php $cfg['Servers'][] = ['host'=>'my_host', 'user'=>'my_user', 'password'=>'my_pass'];


How to add support for the global menu to a python non-gtk, non-qt app?

In general, I'd recommend using the toolkit supported ways to put menus in the global menubar... but, I'm assuming it's too late to convince you at this point :-)  Also, I'll note that even thought we're using Dbusmenu and registration in 12.04 the goal is to move to GMenuModel and marking the window with its menus by 14.04, so this information will become dated.  Ofcourse, the toolkit plug-ins will be updated ;-)  (last time I'll try, I promise)

The basic principle involved is that we need to know what menus are associated with which window.  We track the window using its XID and the menus are a path to the Dbusmenu Server on DBus.  You'll need both of those pieces of information to register.  The registration interface is pretty simple in that you basically pass both of those pieces of information to the registrar.  The registrar's well known name on DBus is com.canonical.AppMenu.Registrar.

For an example of how this can work you can look at the mock-json-app sample code that is in indicator-appmenu.  This is a small tool that will take the JSON file output by dbusmenu-dumper (which is in libdbusmenu-tools) and make a window that claims to have that menu.  It also handles things like the appmenu crashing, which might not be really required for most application (though is really important in development :-) ).

To create a Dbusmenu Server you basically just need to allocate the object and tell it where to appear on DBus (so you can give the location to the registrar).  For plugins like appmenu-gtk we use a generated path so that there is no conflict, but if you're controlling the app you can probably use a fixed path.  Then you create a tree structure of Dbusmenu Menuitem objects.  The root one isn't shown, but is passed to the Dbusmenu Server to start out the menus.  The first level bellow the root will be shown as items across the Ubuntu Menubar.

Good luck, thanks to all the people who harassed me to answer this question.  I still believe that you should use the toolkit support (I lied about it being the last time), but good luck!


"Normal" Text Visible on the Desktop - Ubuntu 16.04 fresh install

if anyone wonders where that is coming from - it may be is the g-sync visual indicator - ran into the same problem and searched for ages :)

open the Nvidia X Server Settings and go to OpenGL Settings
disable the G-SYNC Visual Indicator


Run Script + Desktop File as Root w/out Prompt

First, remove your line about the desktop file from /etc/sudoers, it's not needed.

Second, you configured the exact command /home/david/upgrade.sh to run with NOPASSWD, not sh -p /home/david/upgrade.sh which you try to run in the xterm window. You must run the configured command to profit from the NOPASSWD setting:

xterm -e sudo /home/david/upgrade.sh

By the way, the shebang of your script file specifies /bin/bash as interpreter, but you attempted to run it with /bin/sh. The outcome is the same as long as you don't use Bash specific features, but you should avoid such contradictions. This has nothing to do with sudo and NOPASSWD though.

As additional candy, it might be nice if one can call your script directly without sudo and it elevates its privileges automatically if not already running as root. I've written a little Bash snippet for this once, it can simply be added to the top of any Bash script that needs to run as root:

#!/bin/bash
if test "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ; then
    sudo "$0" "$1"
    exit $?
fi

This tests if the effective user id is 0 (root) and if not, it executes its own script file with sudo and also passes its exit code through when terminating. This works well together with a NOPASSWD setting for the script file.


data loss on crash during ubuntu upgrading 12.04 to 14.04 on dual boot pc

Because it sounds like u will be able to backup your data when accessing it:

Boot from LiveDVD, then you can access the Data in the Linux partition.

If necessary: Further explanation here for example and in lot of other questions here and forums all over the web ;)


Error trying to compile qemu from source

To fix this issue:

Cloned dtc from its repository and extract the tarball to qemu/dtc/.
Compile dtc from source using make
Restart configuring qemu using ./configure when in qemu directory.

The problem was qemu tries to search for dtc binaries in qemu/dtc. Even if you have installed dtc using sudo apt-get install device-tree-compiler, you will get the above error(mentioned in the question), so you probably need to have the binaries in qemu/dtc.


Problems transferring great amount of data to SD card of Android phone

That seems to be an inherent problem of writing to a memory card connected to the computer via a mobile phone. I face the same issue with my Nokia. I recommend you to get a card reader, to get marginally faster transfers, because that is what I do.


Ubuntu 14.04 doesn't suspend properly and doesn't start

Ubuntu is not installed with suspend because it is known to cause problems. To test suspend open a terminal and type: 'sudo pm-suspend' or  'sudo pm-hibernate"

If you want to run suspend frequently i would recommend you install the power management tool by typing "sudo apt-get install powermanagement-interface'

Then these terminal codes will also be handy

'pmi action suspend' and  "pmi action hibernate'


Is it possible to install Android's .apk file?

The only way to run Android apps in Ubuntu (as far as I'm aware) is to install Android SDK, create a virtual Android device, use the SDK's tools to install the .apk file on that device and run the app inside the device.

Android developer portal has a lot of info on the subject.


How to safely change the names of items in the system settings

You can edit the .desktop file corresponding to that item. For Sound, it would be /usr/share/applications/gnome-sound-panel.desktop. Change the Name fields (at least the one corresponding to your locale). For example, the following command would do:

sudo sed -i.bak '/^Name/s/Sound/Audio Control/' /usr/share/applications/gnome-sound-panel.desktop

To revert, you can copy over the backup file that sed made:

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/gnome-sound-panel.desktop{.bak,}

Effect:

To change the icon, you can edit the Icon field in the same file. Just for kicks:

sudo sed -i.bak 's/^Icon=.*/Icon=firefox/' /usr/share/applications/gnome-sound-panel.desktop


VirtualBox traps CTRL-ALT when focused, interferes with workspace switching

At present there is no option to customize the capture behavior of host keystrokes in VirtualBox. It is either always "Auto Capture Keyboard" or never so. This can be defined in the application preferences from Virtual Box Manager preferences dialog.

A convenient way to temporarily toggle host keyboard capturing is pressing the Host-key once. By default this is set to RightCtrl but on my system I set it to RightShift as shown below:

If auto-capture was enabled we can use the host keys until we toggle back.

In case we had used AltTab application switcher the guest restores the default keyboard capture state when the guest windows gets focus again.


my pc Hang on "cryptsetup: sda5_crypt set up successfully"

For me it was missing nvidia drivers. Start up in recovery mode and select resume boot after unlocking your drive in the shell and you should be able to get past the "[drive] set up successfully" screen. From there you should install drivers for any discrete video cards you have. Hopefully that does the trick.


Increased encrypted partition size but Gnome Files still thinks it's small

I think you missed out on the LUKS resize part:

resize <name>

              Resizes an active mapping <name>.

              If --size (in sectors) is not specified, the size of the underlying block device is
              used. Note that this does not change the raw device geometry, it just  changes  how
              many sectors of the raw device are represented in the mapped device.

So the command sudo cryptsetup resize <encrypted-volume> should inform LUKS about the new size.

The basic steps are:

Boot the desktop, live CD. Use gparted (or any tool) to put unallocated space adjacent, and to the left of your Crypt partition.
Enlarge the Partition storing the crypt with fdisk.
Reboot ~ You should always reboot after changing your partition table with fdisk.
Boot the desktop, live CD. Install & configure the tools (lvm2 and cryptsetup).

sudo apt update && sudo apt install lvm2 cryptsetup
sudo modprobe dm-crypt
sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda5 crypt1

Enlarge the Crypt with cryptsetup.

sudo cryptsetup resize <encrypted-volume>

Note:

Steps 1 and 2 you have done already so you should be looking at step 3, but read through that link provided to understand what is going on.

Source:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ResizeEncryptedPartitions


Ignore one partition of two of an USB stick via udev

Finally, I setup same environment Ubuntu 15.04 in a VirtualBox machine.

ACTION=="add", ENV{ID_FS_UUID}=="bf50cb5d-60bf-44de-9a8f-1bf74850a5a1", ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}="1"

It works as perfectly as expected.
:D I hate 3 digits prefix 100- (common/standard is 2), So I'm using 99-'s most the time. I never tried it before, renaming it to be similar to yours:

# mv /etc/udev/rules.d/99-sneetsher-tests.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/100-myusb-sneetsher-tests.rules

Voila! Now It does not work.

The rule is overridden by other rules, pretty sure the system ones from /lib/udev/rules.d/

You may try listing all rules files, to check:

find /etc/udev/rules.d/ /lib/udev/rules.d/ -iname "*.rules" -printf "%f\n" | sort

  RULES FILES

  The udev rules are read from the files located in the system rules
  directory    /lib/udev/rules.d, the volatile runtime directory
  /run/udev/rules.d and the local    administration directory
  /etc/udev/rules.d. All rules files are collectively sorted and  processed in lexical order, regardless of the directories in which
  they live. However,    files with identical filenames replace each
  other. Files in /etc have the highest    priority, files in /run take
  precedence over files with the same name in /lib. This can    be used
  to override a system-supplied rules file with a local file if needed;
  a symlink    in /etc with the same name as a rules file in /lib,
  pointing to /dev/null, disables the    rules file entirely. Rule files
  must have the extension .rules; other extensions are    ignored.

Source: man udev
May be this is the best way to check using udevadm test <path>, example:

udevadm test /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:06.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/host9/target9:0:0/9:0:0:0/block/sdb/sdb2

Test it for both names 100-myusb.rules & 99-myusb.rules, you will see which order the rules files read and which rules triggered.

Reference: Which udev rule triggered?


Dual monitor setup, why does NVidia 346 crash and only detect one giant screen?

I forget the exact name of setting its on now (haven't used Nvidia in a while) but it spans across all displays

What you need to do is go to open the NVIDIA Control Panel and select "Set up Multiple Displays"

From the left pane, choose X Server Display Configuration. Now click each screen you want setup (one at a time) in the dialog window and click Configure. Then enableTwinView, or separate X display (requires restart)


Setup a static IP allocated to dedicated server

According to your ifconfig, your relevant interface is p4p1. I suggest you amend your /etc/network/interfaces file to read:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto p4p1
iface p4p1 inet static
address 104.206.231.109
netmask 255.255.255.128
gateway 104.206.231.1
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 104.206.231.1

Restart the interface:

sudo ifdown p4p1 && sudo ifup p4p1

Did you get the desired address?

ifconfig

Can you reach the internet?

ping -c3 www.ubuntu.com

If you get the desired address and ping returns, you're all set.


In simple word /  is  the  root partition where Ubuntu stores it's system file where as /home is home partition where home directory of users is create.

If you want to protect your personal files during re-installation or in some  other circumstances , you can install / and /home in two different partition.

Durring installtion in Installtion Type window select  Something
Else
After this you can edit your partition if you needed.
Select the partition on which you wnat to use as /  and select
Mount point as /.
Once you're done deleting, resizing, and creating partitions, select the partition on which you want to use as /home  and select
Mount point  as /home.
(Before going to next stem make sure both partition is of EXT4 type).

Click on Forward to proceed the installation.


How to set up Ubuntu to automatically turn NumLock on when an external keyboard is attached and off when it is not?

First off, install numlockx (click here to install numlockx). Basically this allows you to write scripts to set the state of Num Lock - see the numlockx man page for details.

Next we need to start delving into the fun of udev rules. First we need to find out how the keyboard is identified. You can do this by

ls /dev/input/by-id/

This should give you some human readable file names (that are soft links to the not particularly readable true name). My keyboard was

/dev/input/by-id/usb-KINESIS_FREESTYLE_KB700_KB700_Kinesis_Freestyle-event-kbd

So then we need to find out all the info about the keyboard. I did

udevadm info -a -p $(udevadm info -q path -n /dev/input/by-id/usb-KINESIS_FREESTYLE_KB700_KB700_Kinesis_Freestyle-event-kbd)

But insert your own path there of course. You'll get a lot of info, but you want to look at the first block that names the keyboard and has SUBSYSTEMS=="usb". (Rather than the USB controller or whatever). In my case that was:

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2.3':
    KERNELS=="3-2.3"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="usb"
    ATTRS{configuration}==""
    ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 2"
    ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
    ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="a0"
    ATTRS{bMaxPower}==" 50mA"
    ATTRS{urbnum}=="6284"
    ATTRS{idVendor}=="058f"
    ATTRS{idProduct}=="9410"
    ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0122"
    ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="00"
    ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
    ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="00"
    ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
    ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="8"
    ATTRS{speed}=="1.5"
    ATTRS{busnum}=="3"
    ATTRS{devnum}=="3"
    ATTRS{devpath}=="2.3"
    ATTRS{version}==" 1.10"
    ATTRS{maxchild}=="0"
    ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
    ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
    ATTRS{manufacturer}=="KINESIS FREESTYLE KB700"
    ATTRS{product}=="KB700 Kinesis Freestyle"

So now we have enough information to write some rules. Use your favourite editor to create /etc/udev/rules.d/10-local.rules and put in:

BUS=="usb",ATTRS{product}=="KB700 Kinesis Freestyle",ACTION=="add",RUN+="/usr/bin/numlockx on"
BUS=="usb",ATTRS{product}=="KB700 Kinesis Freestyle",ACTION=="remove",RUN+="/usr/bin/numlockx off"

Again, put the name of your keyboard in here, and the ATTRS if it is different. Then it should work :)

Note I haven't been able to test this, though I have run all the commands up until creating the rules file. And the sources in case you need to do some more investigation are:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=168221
http://reactivated.net/writing_udev_rules.html#external-run


Android Studio font is cut after trying KDE

KDE creates a file with name .gtkrc-2.0 in your home directory hard-coding the fonts and other theme elements. The problem is, GTK uses this file and anything specified here will override any other values.

So, removing this file if you're not using KDE is a required fix for other sessions installed side-by-side with it.

Remove it with this command

rm ~/.gtkrc-2.0


Developing a Snap package for a project using Java/Swing

snappy on IRC answered my question.

Fixed with snapd 2.0.3 coming out.

Launchpad bug 1574526 in Snappy "x11 plug doesn't allow getsockname, breaks xeyes"


I Noticed that I was only using Switch to next source using: and Switch to previous source using: was empty. I tried reassigning the same shortcut key again and it works perfectly now thanks to @GunnarHjalmarsson suggestion in the comments above.


Ubuntu on Windows - The End of Dual Boot?

I think the answer depends on what exactly you are using Ubuntu for. The Bash on Ubuntu on Windows is very convenient for accessing some of the command line tools. So for limited use cases, one might be fine using Windows and some of the command line tools and not have to dual boot.

However, it will not replace a dedicated Ubuntu install for a lot of Linux users. For one, it doesn't support a display server. For me, it just makes the times when I am forced to use windows more bearable. For people who like the user experience of Ubuntu better than Windows, Bash on Ubuntu on windows will probably not change their opinion.

On an ideological level many people choose to use Linux because it is free and open source and allows one to know everything the OS is doing and HOW it is doing it. In other words everyone has access to the source code and has the ability to modify it. Even though one can now access many of the great command line tools under Windows, Windows is proprietary and in opposition to the free software ideology.


Dual boot Windows 8.1 + Ubuntu 14.04 - Cannot connect to my wi-fi on ubuntu

I posted this a while back around when I'd first installed Ubuntu on my laptop, and now seem to have no problems with my Wi-Fi connection to my home network. I just woke up one day and I was able to connect. Basically I never had a definite problem I could find, and hopefully it continues to work.

(It was probably solved by an update, so turn on your updates!)


Taking a screenshot of current user's session

As far as X11 is concerned, when you switch to another user, that user is on a completely different display.

In you session, if you execute:

echo $DISPLAY

you will have :0, the first virtual display. In the second user, the same will give you :1, the second display.

You can see the screens in use with the command w:

[romano:~] % w
 11:32:03 up  1:05,  8 users,  load average: 0,10, 0,24, 0,30
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
romano   :0       :0               10:27   ?xdm?   6:25   0.13s gdm-session-wor
romano   pts/1    :0               11:03   26:49   0.10s  0.10s zsh
romano   pts/3    :0               11:21    0.00s  0.12s  0.01s w
default  :1       :1               11:24   ?xdm?   6:25   0.07s gdm-session-wor
default  pts/15   :1               11:24    1:56   0.05s  0.05s bash

To be able to do a screenshot from one screen of the other, or from another user, the user to be "shotted" must issue the command

xhost +

to enable access (not even root will be able to do the snapshot otherwise). After that, you can do a

DISPLAY=:1 scrot

from a script or another user. Notice that if you shot a screen which is not active (displayed) you will have a black screen or strange things --- who knows what's in the video buffer memory...

Now it's up to you to write a script exploring all this... you should in principle detect which user is active (not easy --- or simply shot all of the screen and discard the black ones after) and do the screenshot.

Good luck!


I'm unable to get my Ubuntu Desktop GUI Need my data in home folder

Okay, here goes:  How to get your home folder backed up all safe and sound.  So, your home folder is always located at

/home/yourusername

What you are going to want to do is exactly this:

cp -R /home/yourusername /your/target/goes/here

The -R here tells the cp command to be recursive.  It will copy the folder itself, and the subfolders.  This will back up your whole home folder.


Just edit your /etc/fstab so that it lists both swap partitions and assign them the relative priority:

# /dev/sdbX
UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx   none    swap    sw,pri=1    0   0
# /dev/sdaX
UUID=yyyyyyyy-yyyy-yyyy-yyyy-yyyyyyyyyyyy   none    swap    sw,pri=2    0   0

This way if /dev/sdb is not available only /dev/sda will be used, and if /dev/sdb is available /dev/sdb will be used and /dev/sda will be used only once /dev/sdb is full.

You can check /dev/sdbX's and /dev/sdaX's UUID with sudo blkid /dev/sdbX and sudo blkid /dev/sdaX.

http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/setting_up_swap.html


how to allocate the unallocated space of windows partition

let me see if I can help you. First you need to know something about LiveCD and GParted.

When using the LiveCD/LiveDVD/LiveUSB, GParted will be installed by default, so there is no need to install it in the Live Medium. This is different if you are using an installed version of Ubuntu in which GParted will not be installed by default, so you can only use GParted right away from the Live Medium but you need to install it in Ubuntu if you are running Ubuntu from an already installed scenario.

With this in mind, run the LiveCD/USB of Ubuntu and open GParted. I assume you read the Using GParted to remove windows partition on how to resize (Dragging the yellow bar for example). What we do now is, in your case, select the Locked partition inside the Extended partition (in your case sda5) as shown by the Gray KEY icon. Right click on it and select Unmount, Disable or any other option that appears that unlocks it.

After that, simply select the Extended Partition, right click on it and select Resize. you should be able to resize it this time.

I have made a video to help you along the way: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1uPH2zgrxw

Looking at your EDIT 5, here are the steps you need to do to remove Windows 7 and be able to boot afterwards:

Delete the SDA1 partition and set the SDA5 to boot with the boot flag parameter
Boot from a Live CD and run boot repair as mentioned in Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI This will make sure you boot from your Linux partition AND remove windows 7 from the boot list


Switching to an Xorg session allowed me to successfully run Synaptic. However, Synaptic didn't succeed in properly installing Zotero, so that remains a problem.


The files are probably owned by the root user so your regular user is not allowed to remove them.  You should be able to open a terminal and then type sudo rm -f /var/lib/snapd/desktop/applications/mychrome_chrome.desktop to remove the file.

If thay won't work, the file might be immutable (unlikely, but possible).  Try sudo chattr -i /var/lib/snapd/desktop/applications/mychrome_chrome.desktop and then again sudo rm -f /var/lib/snapd/desktop/applications/mychrome_chrome.desktop.


Can I search in the terminal backlog in Terminator

Terminator has a built-in search (ctrl-shift-f is the default keybinding), but it doesn't highlight the found text, which makes it fairly useless.

There's a bug open against terminator to fix this, but right now it's still unresolved:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/terminator/+bug/271487


Can I Recover Files, After accidentally Formatting External Hard Drive?

Well, you could get some of the files back by scanning the drive with forensic tools. But other then this I think it's not possible that easy. The mkfs tools overwrite specific sections for file system information. without a backup of these blocks I believe its not possible to restore the structure of the old file system.
What I like to do is not to install OS on hard-drive. Use a usb-thumb flash-drive. It's easy to do an image-backup then and in such situations you can simply do a dd back to the usb-thumb :)
Sorry to not provide you a better solution.


File access outside application directory

You need to use Content Hub to access them, it will allow the user to select which files to give your app access to.


How can I solve "fixed channel -1" (mon0 is on channel -1) issue when using airodump-ng?

Download and install the latest Aircrack-ng development (beta). There's an --ignore-negative-one switch that you can use to fix that fixed channel -1 annoying error.

Here's how you can install the latest Aircrack-ng.
Type the following commands in a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T).

sudo apt-get install subversion libnl-dev
cd /opt/
sudo svn co http://svn.aircrack-ng.org/trunk/ aircrack-ng
cd aircrack-ng
sudo make
sudo make install

Once it's done, run aircrack-ng without any options, and look at the first line, it should read something like this:

Aircrack-ng 1.2 beta1 r2312 - (C) 2006-2013 Thomas d'Otreppe

Now, when you use airodump-ng and aireplay-ng, always use the option --ignore-negative-one.


New User With Root Access and Without Sudo

It is recommended not to use another user as root and just use sudo permissions.
You can simply add user by sudo adduser <username>.
You can change the uid and gid to root uid and gid by using sudo nano /etc/passwd

you will see users at the same syntax as this example:
root:!:0:0::/:/usr/bin/bash
newroot:x:1001:1002:,,,:/home/newroot:/bin/bash
change your new user uid and gid to the same as root newroot:x:0:0:,,,:/home/newroot:/bin/bash

Look for the user you created and change the uid and gid to the same as root gid and uid.
To look what the uid and gid of the root you can just look in the same file at the root user or use the command id root.

on the most of the distributions the uid and gid of the root is 0.

I AM SAYING AGAIN IT IS NOT RECOMMENDED TO PUT ANOTHER USER AS ROOT

you can get the same permissions by using sudo command.

To give you new user the sudo permissions wich is recommended then the first part on my answer you can simply make it by:

sudo useradd <NEWUSER>
sudo usermod -a -G sudo <NEWUSERNAME>
the -a for not overwriting and deleting the "old" groups of the user.


This is a known bug in 16.04 which has no ultimate fix till now. But this command can solve the problem temporarily:

initctl restart unity-panel-service


Ah, apparently Ubuntu doesn't detect the type of connection I have by default...after installing all updates to the OS, it autodetects and mounts appropriately.

My bad.


Unreadable characters in programs (graphic glitch)

Had a similar issue, this might help:

First, check in Jockey that your graphic card's driver is up and running - sometimes it will show a green light but say "not in use". If that is the case, you need to completely purge you graphic cards driver and then re-install.

I recommend not using jockey to install as, for some reason, that was what led to the bug for me.

See this thread on the ubuntu forums for more information regarding your graphics card and how to purge/re-install the drivers:

Forum post: Nvidia driver activated but not currently in use (11.04)

PS: I would recommend reinstalling your graphic drivers even if jockey says it is fine, it seems like a gpu issue.


How to remove giant padlock symbol from nautilus's display of read-only files?

chattr is meant to make files immutable without changing ownership or permissions on files so I would suggest changing your permissions from "read" back to "read+write" and then set the immutable bit them.
cd to_dir
chmod 600 {files}
sudo -i
cd to_dir
chattr +i {files}

... and no more padlock.


Please add the linux boot parameter:

hpsa_allow_any=1

Depending on whether or not this single parameter helps you or not, you ihgt have to add:

hpsa_simple_mode=1

as well.


Can I hide a file or a folder in ubuntu?

You can hide files and folders by prefixing their name with a dot


Music control with android and ubuntu desktop

There are quite a selection of Android remote controls for a popular music players running on Ubuntu.

Rhythmbox

Remotebox on Google Play

Rhythmote for download from the project's homepage

VLC

See list of remote application maintained by Videolan

XBMC/Kodi

Official remote application Kore from Google Play

The remote applications vary considerably in their feature support. Which to choose depends a lot on personal requirements.

For me the combination of Kodi and it's remote app works very smooth, covers a lot of player controls, and has the nice feature of displaying cover art of tracks playing.


What's the difference between linux/ip.h and netinet/ip.h?

History.

Back in the Early Days, before computers roamed the earth, two completely independent groups of people started development on two separate software subsystems.

Taking advantage of the privileges of developers, each group picked lovely names for the parts of their subsystems. "ip.h" is such a name.

When the time came to merge their subsystems, both groups wanted to keep their lovely names.

By putting the copy of ip.h the subsystem needs in a subdirectory makes it easy for developers. One wanting to use the definitions in netinet's version of ip.h need only #include <netinet/ip.h>, while a developer wanting to compile with the linux version does #include <linux/ip.h>.


effectively, what you want is opening a new url in a window without closing the current window manually (if I understand well), nor having to close tabs manually.

Basic solution

The solution could be to run a command that combines two things:

open a new window from the command line with the url as argument
automatically close the current window

This way the pid of the browser will not change, and you would not have to manually close tabs and/or windows.

The small script below does exactly that, using firefox. The reason to use firefox is that (e.g.) chrome has multiple pids by definition, making the process more complicated.

installing wmctrl
The script uses wmctrl to find and close the current firefox windows, you might have to install it first:

sudo apt-get install wmctrl

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import subprocess
import socket
import sys

url =sys.argv[1]

def get_info(command):
    return subprocess.check_output(["/bin/bash", "-c", command]).decode("utf-8").strip()

def run_command(command):
    subprocess.call(["/bin/bash", "-c", command])

currpid = get_info("pidof firefox")
browserwindow = [l.split()[0] for l in get_info("wmctrl -l -p").splitlines() if currpid in l]
run_command("firefox -new-window "+url)
for i in browserwindow:
    run_command("wmctrl -ic "+i)

How to use

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as firejump.py. Open a firefox window (any address, just a window) and run the script by the command:

python3 /path/to/firejump.py <new_url>

Disable warning to close the current window

For the procedure to run without the annoying firefox warning that you are closing the current tabs or windows: disable the warnings by unticking it in the preferences:

More advanced solution

If you really need to jump over a list of thousands of url's, it might be useful to extend the script a little (see the script below), and let it automatically jump to the next url from a list, that you created in a text file, and run the script with a key combination to jump to the next url.

How to use

Copy the script below into an empty texfile, save it as jump_list.py
create in the same folder a text file, named (exactly): urls.txt
fill the file with your urls, one per line:

www.something.com
www.another_thing.com
www.yet_another_thing.nl
www.itshardtostop.be

and so on

Open a firefox window (any address, just a window).
Now when you run the script, firefox opens the first url.
Run it again and it will jump to the next url and so on, until the last url of the list has passed.

Explanation

The script reads the lines in the file urls.txt by index. It keeps track of the (last used) index in a file that the script creates in the script's own directory. Every time the script runs, the number is increased by one until the last line is reached.

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import subprocess
import os

curr_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

def get_info(command):
    return subprocess.check_output(["/bin/bash", "-c", command]).decode("utf-8").strip()

def run_command(command):
    subprocess.call(["/bin/bash", "-c", command])

def write_totrack(file, next_url):
    with open(file, "wt") as wrt:
        wrt.write(next_url)

def read_file(file):
    with open(file) as src:
        return src.read()

keep_track = curr_path+"/"+"next_visit.txt"
url_list = read_file(curr_path+"/"+"urls.txt").splitlines()

if not os.path.exists(keep_track):
    next_url = "1"; index = 0
    write_totrack(keep_track, next_url)
else:
    index = int(read_file(keep_track))
    next_url = index+1
    write_totrack(keep_track, str(next_url))
if index < len(url_list):
    curr_url = url_list[index]
    currpid = get_info("pidof firefox")
    browserwindow = [l.split()[0] for l in get_info("wmctrl -l -p").splitlines() if currpid in l]
    run_command("firefox -new-window "+curr_url)
    for i in browserwindow:
        run_command("wmctrl -ic "+i)
else:
    pass

Run the script by:

python3 /path/to/jump_list.py

Add it to $PATH

More elegant would be to save the script to ~/bin, make it executable, remove the language extension and run it by the command:

jump_list

Add to Shortcut Keys

To really make it comfortable, add it to a shortcut combination: System Settings > "Shortcut Keys" > "Custom Shortcuts"


How to install programs from a .deb file, like apt-get install supertux

To install other packages along with yours, the simplest way is to mark them as dependencies.

Affecting a user's home directory or settings, however, cannot be easily done by a package. Packages are not supposed to do this, so there's no standard mechanism. What you can do, however, is install the script, and the new default configuration, along with a launcher for the script. So the package will install:

/usr/bin/my-compiz-config
/usr/share/applications/my-compiz-config.desktop
/usr/share/my-compiz-config/Default.ini

And the script, now called /usr/bin/my-compiz-config, will contain:

#!/bin/sh
mkdir -p ~/.config/compiz-1/compizconfig
cp /usr/share/my-compiz-config/Default.ini ~/.config/compiz-1/compizconfig/Default.ini

I took the liberty of moving the configuration file contents to a separate file.

The .desktop file will contain:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Terminal=true
Name=My Compiz Configuration
Exec=/usr/bin/my-compiz-config

Then the users can search for "My Compiz Configuration" in the Dash and run it. The whole thing can be accomplished from start to finish by the user entirely from the GUI.

Added by Heine Nielsen
this is the control for the compiz-install.deb

Package: Compiz-install
Version: 1.0
Installed-Size: 9800
Architecture: all
Depends: compiz, compiz-plugins, compiz-plugins-extra, compizconfig-settings-manager
Maintainer: Heine Nielsen <email removed>
Description: Install Compiz + extras, and setup keys, settings etc
    Date-2015_02_08


How to remove/change saved SVN passwords?

Goto Applications>>Accessories>>Passwords and Encryption Keys.
Open the Passwords Menu Entry.
In the list you will see the password for eclipse svn.
Delete it and then start eclipse and enter new credentials.


Help in understanding writable root fs consequences

I'm gonna try to explain:

If you make your filesystem writable you can install every software with apt-get. You could then even delete and modify important system files by using sudo.

If you then make your file system RO again, you can go on receiving OTA Updates.

But the problem now is, you have a modified ubuntu-touch system and this could cause your system to hang or crash. In other words, modifying your phone could cause "unknown consequences", because OTA Updates could not be compible to your modified system.

So, trying to summerise my answer, I would say, making your phone writable and doing any changes in filesystem can cause any unknown consequences.

Now avaout reflashing:
If you change the update-channel with "ubuntu-device-flash touch --channel=anyChannel", your personal apps and data will NOT be changed.

Im not shure at all, but I think, that if your device is in bootloader mode and you use this command: "ubuntu-device-flash touch --channel=myChannel --bootstrap" everything will be deleted.


Ubuntu 11.10 under VMware full-screen resolution problem

Test to go to View -> Fit Guest Now in VMware

If this doesn't work try to check the VMware tools settings inside the guest. If that does't work try to reinstall VMware tools as administrator. Another method is to uncheck the autofit guest, and then manually inside the guest choose the right resolution.

Hope that solves your problem. If not, write a comment.


It's possible that these apps use a custom font size. As far as I know, your only option is to increase the font size configuration globally.


Are Ubuntu builds deterministic? Why not?

No they're not. Let's clarify a distinction here,

Does the system support "reproducible builds"?

Yes all systems support packages that are deterministic.
Does the system enforce "reproducible builds"?

Nope, though it does help diagnose problems, and works is being done to make packages reproducible -- bugs are being reported and handled anyway.
Is everything, without exception, reproducible?

Not even close.

Now let's define "reproducible builds"

  A build is reproducible if given the same source code, build environment and build instructions, any party can recreate bit-by-bit identical copies of all specified artifacts.

  The relevant attributes of the build environment, the build instructions and the source code as well as the expected reproducible artifacts are defined by the authors or distributors. The artifacts of a build are the parts of the build results that are the desired primary output.

Now let's talk about what is required

Check out this page under "How" which lays down three criteria

the build system needs to be made entirely deterministic: transforming a given source must always create the same result. Typically, the current date and time must not be recorded and output always has to be written in the same order.
the set of tools used to perform the build and more generally the build environment should either be recorded or pre-defined.
users should be given a way to recreate a close enough build 3., perform the build process, and verify that the output matches the original build.

You can find more documentation about all of that here.

As to why Ubuntu isn't currently reproducible, things like Perl currently fail because -V stores the compiler args for convenience -- they're waiting on GCC to patch this upstream. A lot of this functionality could simply nuked. Some other problems: some man pages and programs have the build dates compiled in, others compile in mutable paths to shared libraries and the like.

Not being reproducible isn't a problem or a vulnerability. It just makes it harder to verify that you haven't been tampered with, and currently that functionality is being viewed as more valuable.

You can follow Debian's progress towards determinism here


How to clone a user profile on the same computer?

Why not copy the entire home directory?

sudo cp -a /home/johndoe /home/local/DOMAIN/

This will create /home/local/DOMAIN/johndoe with the exact file structure, permissions, etc. as the original.

Make sure you cleanup any previous attempts before you run this, i.e. sudo rm -r /home/local/DOMAIN/johndoe.


Forward Internet connection over ssh to remote computer

Use this set of iptables rules to set up your local computer as a NAT router:

iptables -P INPUT DROP  # drop every INPUT
iptables -P FORWARD DROP    # drop every FORWARD
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT   # accept loopback-INPUT
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -j ACCEPT # accept eth0 INPUT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlan0 -j MASQUERADE   # NAT-Translation
iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -j ACCEPT   # accept FORWARD-Traffic from eth0
iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # accept FORWARD-Traffic as reply for existing connections
iptables -A INPUT -i wlan0 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # allow the local computer to access the internet
iptables -A INPUT -i wlan0 -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT # allow pings on wlan0
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Do not copy these rules without checking them first. Use a root-Shell (e.g. sudo -s) to apply these rules to iptables.

Remember to set your local computer as gateway for the remote one.


I've managed to run the game by asking PlayonLinux to create shortcuts of all Paladins-related launchers after the installation, including those of Hi-Rez. Then, I start one of launchers from PlayonLinux menu (this one in the image) and I'm able to launch the game from it. However, it cannot keep you logged, so you need to type your full login and password every time you launch it. Sometimes it takes a lot to load, and the game may crash if you try to minimize its window, but it works anyway.


How to share folder with DOS on VirtualBox

"Shared Folders" in the sense of a driver that provides this functionality is not available for Virtual Box when running DOS as a guest.

You may be able to share DOS guest data with the Ubuntu host by setting up a network share using a Samba capable DOS client. I can't give you a concise howto as I have not done this before due to lack of time and lack of interest in DOS but I can give you some hints on what you need in case you go on with that.

A samba capable client for DOS (eg. Microsoft MS Client or the Lan Manager for DOS
Samba on the host needs to be enabled to use the old authentification (lanman auth=yes)
DOS and Ubuntu need to be on the same Workgroup

Still there are limitations as you will not be able to get access to your DOS vdi from your host OS (you are only running a client on DOS) but if all is set up you may be able to send data from DOS to Ubuntu.

The guide you already found is a good starting point for the DOS side. Another nice tutorial on setting up samba for DOS can be found here.


How do you permanently disable the laptop screen?

First you go to System > Preferences > Screen Resolution

Then you should see two displays. One will be your external LCD, and the other will be your laptop's LCD. Now you select the laptop and change its resolution from whatever it is to "off".


How can I generate a sequence of 10 RANDOM characters, then display them?

You can use something like this: < /dev/urandom tr -dc _A-Z-a-z-0-9 | head -c10


Disable keybindings in byobu using tmux backend

You're so close!  You're just missing the capitalization of "R" in M-Right and "L" in M-Left.

Just add the following to ~/.byobu/keybindings.tmux:

unbind -n M-Right
unbind -n M-Left

And then press F5 to reload your profile.

Full Disclosure: I am the author and maintainer of Byobu.


The error message is clear:

Malformed entry 58 in list file /etc/apt/sources.list

You will need to edit  /etc/apt/sources.list and check for the failure.


Is there any social dashboard that's like Geckoboard?

I'll try conky. It gives you infinite configurations and there are scripts for monitoring everything. You can setup the computer to start whit a completely empty desktop just running conky in fullscreen and a nice wallpaper.

The only problem is conky hasen't got a gui to configure, it works based on scripts. But if you google it there's hundreds of people sharing and exchanging conkyrc files. You can take those you like and make a mix until you get what you want.

If you install it from this ppa they have some example scripts.

https://launchpad.net/~conkyhardcore/+archive/ppa

This is some google of what you can get:

http://www.google.com/search?client=ubuntu&channel=fs&q=conky&oe=utf-8&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&hl=ca&tab=wi&biw=1024&bih=680

Cheers


Ok, I worked around the problem by installing the Faenza icon theme and switching to it. I rebooted and the fix held. I have a real Firefox icon, now.

I still think one of the standard themes should have worked, though.


20.04 crashes on suspend after upgrade from 18.04

overclocked
If your CPU or RAM are overclocked, please return them to default.
drwxrwxr-x 4 user user 4096 May 23  2019 clock-override@gnomeshell.kryogenix.org

BIOS
Gigabyte B450M-DS3H
You have BIOS version F50.
There's a newer BIOS available, version F51, and can be downloaded here

Note: Make sure that I have the correct web page for your model #.
Note: Have good backups before updating the BIOS.
swap
Let's create a slightly larger /swapfile...
Confirm this line in /etc/fstab...
Note: Assure that there are no other lines containing "swap".
/swapfile    none    swap    sw      0   0

Note: Incorrect use of the dd command can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=4096

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm 16G RAM and 4G swap
reboot                    # reboot and verify operation

memory
Ryzen processors are notorious for memory compatibility problems.
Edit your question and show me sudo lshw -C memory.
Go to https://www.memtest86.com/ and download/run their free memtest to test your memory. Get at least one complete pass of all the 4/4 tests to confirm good memory. This may take many hours to complete.
CPU Support List: https://www.gigabyte.com/Motherboard/B450M-DS3H-rev-10/support#support-cpu
Memory Support List: https://www.gigabyte.com/Motherboard/B450M-DS3H-rev-10/support#support-doc


Ubuntu 12 ufw not allowing connections even if it says Anywhere?

As ssh uses port 22 by default and I only see port 8880 mentioned in the screenshot. Try the following,

sudo ufw allow ssh

If you would only want your own IP address access to ssh you could use,

sudo ufw allow from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx to any port 22

Replace xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx with your own IP address. Please check if you have a static IP address and not a dynamic one. In general, before doing anything like this, make sure you have access to the console in some other way. Else you might end up locking yourself out.

From: UFW


How to change default system updates folder in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS?

It is possible that your downloads are going to your root or even your boot.
Run Bleachbit both as user and root.Check everything so it will clean out everything.
It should free up lots of space for you.
As to your downloads right click on a download and choose to open up the download folder. Now examine it to see where it is located so you will know where they are going. Change the downloads folder to where yo want it to be.
Also open Synaptic, go to Settings then Preferences. Click on the Files tab and check Delete downloaded packages after installation. This will clear up the download cache and make space for you.


Installing Ubuntu on a Chromebook without a dual-boot

I found these results online:

Swapnil  Bhartiya - November 17, 2014

  How to Easily Install Ubuntu on Chromebook with Crouton

How to Install Ubuntu

#Step 1: Back up your data

Before we start poking around, please ensure that you have a back-up of your data. Since all of your data is synced to Google Server, you actually don’t have to worry about losing any data. The only data that you must make a back-up of is the ‘Download’ folder because the content of this folder is not synced. Once you have taken the back-up, it’s also a fail-safe plan to create a restore USB of ChromeOS, in case something goes wrong and you need to re-install ChromeOS.

#Step 2: Create a restore image for Chrome OS

Since Crouton is not going to wipe your Chrome OS, there is no risk of corrupting your Chrome OS. It’s always a good idea to keep a restore image of your OS.

Install Chromebook recovery utility from the Chrome web store. Open the app and follow the instructions to create the recovery drive. It’s an easy three-step, click next process. All you need is working Internet and a USB drive with at least 4GB space.

Once the recovery disk is created, unplug it and follow the following steps.

#Step 3: Enable developer mode

In order to install your own operating system on Chromebooks, you have to enable the developer mode. It’s extremely easy to do and is very well documented by Google. The latest Chromebooks use a combination of keys to enter the developer mode, whereas older devices have a physical switch. Different devices have different locations for the switch, so please Google your device to find the location of the switch and flip it. If you are on the latest Chromebook then you can enable the developer mode by holding Esc + Refresh keys and then push the ‘power’ button. The recovery screen will show a scary warning. Just ignore it and let Chrome OS wipe your data. The process can take up to 15 minutes, so don’t turn off your Chromebook.

Also keep in mind that once Chrome OS is reinstalled you will continue to see this warning every time you boot your system, as long as the developer mode is enabled. However, it won’t wipe the data every time. You can simply hit Ctrl+d to quickly boot into Chrome OS (don’t do it this time while Chrome OS is preparing your system for developer mode).

Step #4: Let’s install Crouton

1- Log into your Chromebook and open the GitHub page of Crouton and download the latest script.

Check the download folder to see if crouton is downloaded.

2- Open the terminal in Chromebook (yes, there is now a terminal in Chromebook! by hitting Alt+Ctrl+t

3 -Type this command to open shell: shell

4- Now we are going to install Ubuntu. There are several desktop environments available including KDE Plasma, Unity and Xfce. Unity can be quite heavy for Chromebook hardware and xfce is way too plain for my taste, so I am going to install KDE Plasma.

sudo sh ~/Downloads/crouton -t kde

(If you don’t want KDE, then you can replace kde with xfce, or unity )

For example:

sudo sh ~/Downloads/crouton -t xfce

We have not encrypted the chroot, if you want to encrypt it then add -e parameter to the command above:

sudo sh -e ~/Downloads/crouton -t kde

If you are installing it on a Chromebook with touchscreen then also add the ‘touch’ parameter:

sudo sh -e ~/Downloads/crouton -t touch,kde

Since the script will download Ubuntu from the Internet, depending on your broadband speed, it may take a while, so go and grab some Indian chai or coffee. With my 150Mbps download speed it took me around 18 minutes. Once the install is finished Crouton will ask you to enter the user-name and UNIX password for it - which will be used to perform administrative tasks in Kubuntu.

Now you can start Plasma by running the following command in shell:

sudo startkde

If you installed xfce then run:

sudo startxfce4

You will be greeted by the KDE greeter.

Fine tune Ubuntu

The install will be bare-minimum and won’t come with the applications that are packed by distributions, but you can easily install applications from Konsole / terminal. It’s also a good idea to update the system.

sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get install

I installed all that I needed - LibreOffice, Sublime Text, Chrome browser (so I can watch Netflix), GIMP, VLC, etc.

How to switch between Chrome OS and Ubuntu?

To go back to Chrome OS, and keep KDE running, use this key combination Alt+Ctrl+Shift+Back. To come back to Kubuntu from Chrome OS, use this combination:Alt+Ctrl+Shift+Forward. You can find the back/forward keys on the top row of the keyboard.

When you log out of KDE, it exits you from Chroot and you will have to again run the sudo startkde command to start Plasma or the desktop that you have installed.

Source  - https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/795730-how-to-easily-install-ubuntu-on-chromebook-with-crouton

https://youtu.be/2a_rq6bYR3M


Hm... You can try this from terminal:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo do apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo do-release-upgrade

or

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo do-release-upgrade -d

I hope this helps.


How do I install Ubuntu on a second hard drive?

What you can do is a classic installation of Ubuntu on your second HDD. If you do not know how to do, search it on Ask Ubuntu. There is obviously a link for that on this website. Otherwise, search it on the rest of the Internet.

After that, you have to ensure that the computer will boot on this install of Ubuntu. When you switch on your computer, it looks at the boot devices list (CD or DVD burner, Hard Drive Disks, floppy it you still get one...). On each boot device, it will look if there is something to boot on. The computer will use the first boot device where he finds something bootable and will boot on the bootable thing of the boot device. So what you have to do is placing your new HDD before your current one in the list in order to boot on Ubuntu instead of your old Windows 7 (otherwise it will boot on the Windows 7 of your current HDD because he is before your new HDD and its Ubuntu in the list). For this, you have to go into your computer's BIOS or UEFI (I do not know what you have) to modify the list of boot devices. If you do not know how to do, search it on Google.


how to add space to ubuntu from an empty partition

Try this:

Boot with a live DVD/USB.

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

$ sudo -i
# apt-get update
# apt-get install --reinstall gparted
# umount /dev/sda7
# umount /dev/sda6
# umount /dev/sda5
# umount /dev/sda3
# gparted

Now from gparted, you can add the unallocated space to the extended partition /dev/sda3.

Later, you can increase the size of /dev/sda5 with free space below according to your needs.

You can increase /dev/sda6 eliminating /dev/sda7 and recreating the rear end of the free space and increase /dev/sda6 in the amount you need.

In all cases, you must then find the UUID partition and change them in the /etc/fstab file of /dev/sda5:

# blkid
# mount /dev/sda5 /mnt
# nano /mnt/etc/fstab

File example:

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=c676ae51-cb6f-4c0e-b4a9-76850aafa1d6 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /home was on /dev/sda6 during installation
UUID=df0ce520-b0ba-4e6b-899e-a1a615c8c10a /home           ext4    defaults        0       2
# swap was on /dev/sda7 during installation
UUID=c9eb230e-ab85-4bc0-b24f-06caeac4d953 none            swap    sw              0       0

Check and change the uuid.

Ctrl + O, save file. Ctrl + X, close nano.

It is also advisable that you reinstall your Grub.

In the terminal continue running:

# mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
# mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
# mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
# mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
# chroot /mnt
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
# grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda
# grub-install --recheck /dev/sda
# umount /mnt
# reboot


Skype 4.2.0.11 keeps restarting after quit

If you want to try to fix the problem bei reinstalling skype, quit the application (or in your case, don't start after login).
Then uninstall it by following command:

apt-get remove --purge skype

After that, just reinstall and try again:

apt-get install skype


Enabling server side includes (SSI) in Ubuntu 16.04 is not working

This is how i did it using server side includes

Include your html page inside body:

<!--#include virtual="mypage.shtml"-->

Enable the Include and Include.load module

sudo a2enmod include
sudo a2enmod include.load

Edit: /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

Paste below lines inside VirtualHost Tag:

AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .php

Edit your .htaccess:
Paste below line:

Options +Includes

Restart your apache by typing:

sudo service apache2 restart

Note:
I am using php with ubuntu


Where can I find libnotify1_0.5.0-2ubuntu1_i386.deb?

If I were you, I'd wait for official ubuntu packages of thunderbird 8, it shouldn't take too long until those show up in the update-manager.
Anyhow, if you really can't wait, you can install libnotify 0.7 manually from the official repositories. Just

sudo apt-get install libnotify-bin

If you're running 64bit Ubuntu and want the 32bit Thunderbird, you probably need the 32bit version of the library, which you can install by

sudo apt-get install libnotify-bin:i386


It appears to be a bug in the current version of Simple Scan for 13.10. I'm having the same problem in 13.10 with the same hardware I had in 13.04--as well as previous versions of Ubuntu--with which Simple Scan worked flawlessly.

If you read through this Launchpad Bug Report, you will see that the issue has already been reported, triaged, and a fix added upstream. There's also a workaround in that report that you could try if you like.


Is there a tool to convert the pdf files to chm?

You can Download Calibre .Calibre is a free and open source e-book library management application developed by users of e-books for users of e-books.

calibre supports the conversion of many input formats to many output formats. It can convert every input format in the following list, to every output format.

Input Formats: CBZ, CBR, CBC, CHM, DJVU, DOCX, EPUB, FB2, HTML, HTMLZ, LIT, LRF, MOBI, ODT, PDF, PRC, PDB, PML, RB, RTF, SNB, TCR, TXT, TXTZ

Output Formats: AZW3, EPUB, FB2, OEB, LIT, LRF, MOBI, HTMLZ, PDB, PML, RB, PDF, RTF, SNB, TCR, TXT, TXTZ

It does perform .pdf to .chm conversion
The calibre manuals for conversion can be accessed here:

http://manual.calibre-ebook.com/conversion.html#conversion
manual.calibre-ebook.com/cli/ebook-convert.html#ebook-convert

You Can download it here

After installation of Calibre,you can start it by typing the command calibre& in terminal
there are two ways to use it:

use the gui of the calibre .This is pretty straight forward.
By using the command ebook-convert in terminal as follows

 ebook-convert filetobeconverted.pdf outputfile.chm -h

if the file name has space then put it in parenthesis .For example
(my book is this .pdf )


A Distribution of Linux is a package of software, designed to be a complete Operating System.

A linux operating system consists of a few parts:

The Linux Kernel

Including:

Device Drivers
System level software

The GNU* Userland

Consisting of

User interface software (bash, ...)
Compiler, linker, parser-generator, ...
Application software (emacs, bc, ...)

A Desktop such as Gnome, KDE, XFCE

Which itself provides

Hardware abstraction software (such as Pulseaudio, ...)
Application Software (A word processor, a spreadsheet, a web browser, ...)

And more.

This Combination of Software, forming the complete operating system, is called the 'Stack':

A Distribution of Linux is made by combining all of those parts to build a complete and usable operating system for a specific purpose, or for general use.

An example of a general use operating system is Ubuntu. It comes in varieties for Desktops, netbooks and servers, making it useful to the general public.
An Example of a specialised Distribution is CHAOS, a Small OS designed to run on high performance computing cluster nodes.

In short, Imagine all of this stuff being bundled together, so that it can be easily distributed to people, rather than them having to build it all themselves.

Distributors often make design decisions on behalf of the user, according to what they expect the user wants.

Ubuntu is made to be fun and easy to use
TinyCore is made for people who want to use it on old hardware
RHEL is designed to run well on big supercomputers and critical servers
...

These decisions include the addition/removal of software (such as KDE vs. Gnome), and, potentially, the (re-)design and implementation of software (such as Ubuntu One).

There are a whole bunch of distributions of Linux alone, as illustrated by this (immense) diagram:

*: Technically, GNU is an Operating System; However, every OS needs a Kernel, and GNU's kernel (the Hurd) is not finished, so GNU uses the Linux kernel. Most people today call this combination a "Linux Operating System", though Linux is a small part of it. Arguably the most important part.

Helpful Links:

Comparison of Linux Distributions (Wikipedia)
DistroWatch.com Providing the latest information about a plethora of distributions.
The GNU/Linux naming controversy


Unable to run Windows 8 in full screen mode in VirtualBox on Ubuntu 12.10

You may need to install the virtualbox expansion pack:

http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/4.2.4/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-4.2.4-81684.vbox-extpack

Also, I would make sure hardware virtualization is enabled:

SETTINGS > SYSTEM > ACCELERATION TAB > both checkboxes checked


so, what is going wrong? secondly, why in god's name does Ubuntu not simply install Samba in the first place??

You are wrong. Do not blindly doing thing that you don't understand.
Follow this guide.
Because not everyone uses samba.