How can one upgrade Ubuntu 19.04 to 20.04?

Check out this link on how to do it: https://www.howtogeek.com/351360/how-to-upgrade-to-the-latest-version-of-ubuntu/

Yes you will have to upgrade to 19.10 first I believe.
Basically, here's the steps:

Since ubuntu normally only tells you to upgrade when there is an LTS version out, you will need to change that in order to prevent any problem during the installation.
Use your preferred editor and type:
sudo nano /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
At the bottom, you should see the text prompt=lts. If you see that, change the lts to normal. However if you don't see it you are good.
run the command
do-release-upgrade -c
This command checks Ubuntu’s servers for any available updates and informs you which version of Ubuntu you’ll be upgrading to.
The previous command checks for available updates, and if you see the current update that you want to upgrade to, execute the command, sudo do-release-upgrade.
Just follow along with what the command lines tell you and you should be good to go!

I apologise for the unconventional styling of this answer, I am new and don't quite know the syntaxes yet.
For the most accurate answer check the link I put at the top.


Compare the first field of each line whose first field is "2000" till a different field is found

From the comments bellow kos's answer it is apparent that you want to print last line before one that differs. AWK approach would be the following.

$ awk ' $1==2000{line=$0} $1!=2000{exit}END{print line} ' OmarAli.txt
  2000 259    17.    11.     0.    30.  0.05  97. 0.109  6.6  6.6  596. 0.02 0.18  0  0

bash way would be like so:

$ while read LINE; do if [ "${LINE:0:4}" != "2000"  ];then print $PREV; break; fi; PREV=$LINE; done  < OmarAli.txt
2000 259 17. 11. 0. 30. 0.05 97. 0.109 6.6 6.6 596. 0.02 0.18 0 0


Second external monitor connected but screen is black Ubuntu 14.04

I was experiencing the same issue as mentioned by Piotrek (external screen connected via DP turning black randomly or not "waking up" after I locked my computer).

I solved it by going to Display Settings and checking Mirror displays. Then the screens turn on again. Now I am able to switch back to extended display mode.


Cannot Use 3d Acceleration with Ubuntu Guest in VirtualBox

I experienced exactly the same issue when I installed the dkms driver from the Ubuntu repositories via apt-get. Simply reinstalling the Guest Additions using the VirtualBox Guest Additions CD solved it.


What's the source file for the Google Chat app/shortcut

Desktop launchers for Google Chrome apps are installed for your user only. Accordingly, the .desktop file will be found the .local/share/applications folder.


Can I use option like ''format painter'' in Libre Office Calc?

the "Format Painter" exists in LibreOffice Calc:

and it works exactly like the Windows one.


Microphone and headphones not working on a Toshiba Satellite L645D

Play around with the sound settings profile - I had to try nearly all of them to get it working:


Ubuntu Studio 20.04 installation freezes at restart window at the end

initramfs

For the initramfs decoding issue, rebuild your ramdisk with...

sudo update-initramfs -c -k $(uname -r)

BIOS

Note: Have good backups before updating your BIOS.

You have BIOS 1.08.

The current BIOS is 1.15, and can be downloaded here.

Since you don't have Windows installed any more, use freeDOS, and the DOS updater that's included in the download archive.

Swap

Your swap is set to 19G, and that's way too much. 4G should be enough (unless you're hibernating) with 8G RAM. You either need to reduce your swap partition, or reduce your /swapfile, depending on which method that you're using.

Overheating

Your computer is running too hot. You'll have to disassemble the laptop, blow out any dust, especially from the fan areas. You'll also need to clean up and reapply thermal paste to the CPU (& graphics chip), where it meets its heat pipe or fan.


Removing Telepathy seems to have fixed the problem. (Although Telepathy-logger keeps crashing regularly.)

1250  apt-get remove telepathy*

1251  apt-get purge

1252  apt-get autoremove

1254  apt-get update

1255  apt-get install empathy

1256  apt-get install telepathy-sofiasip


Dell XPS 18: Touchscreen works on OpenSuse! How to do it in Ubuntu?

I installed 13.10 by following this guide

From this thread I learnt that I needed to execute:

dmraid -E -r /dev/sda

for the Ubuntu installer to see the disk partitions.

Then I followed this guide to update the Linux kernel

Thanks to these guides I now have an XPS 18 with Windows 8 / Ubuntu and dual boot and Ubuntu touch screen working :-)


I logged into Facebook with Firefox and see what you are talking about. The images are super tiny in the image upload dialog. On mine though, when you select an image in that dialog, then you get a larger preview on the right side. I don't know why your preview pane on the right is missing.

As far as your second attempt, instead of copy/pasting, try dragging the desired pictures from Nautilus on top of the Facebook post dialog. That works for me.

I made a video of me uploading a picture to Facebook. I hope it posts ok.

https://www.screencast.com/t/WlFEDMAhqoM


How come the contents of Text elements aren't being properly justified?

I ran your qml snippet in this qml file on Ubuntu 13.10:

import QtQuick 2.0
import Ubuntu.Components 0.1

MainView {
    id: main
    width: units.gu(30)
    height: units.gu(35)

    Page {
        Text {
            anchors.fill: parent
            anchors.margins: units.gu(2)
            horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignJustify
            text: "aaaaaa aaaaaa aaaaaa aaaaaa aaaaaa aaaaaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa."
            wrapMode: Text.WordWrap
        }
    }
}

And I can say that it works perfectly, the text is properly justified:


how to know WHAT and WHEN the next cron job is?

You can use Webmin for that, as well as adding new cron tasks and many other admin tasks. The Webmin module for viewing/editing cron tasks can be found under the System category. When you enter it you can see a table of all the existing jobs on your system.

Additionally, there is the possibility of parsing the crontab with a little code in PHP, in C#, or in other language to answer your question.


I would recommend HAProxy.  Here is an article about it: Use a load-balancer as a first row of defense against DDOS (HAProxy isn't just a load-balancer btw).

Their community site is here: http://www.haproxy.org/

Fair warning: the community version of HAProxy might not have as many features as the pay for version that they are likely mentioning the blog post.  We use stick tables to help protect us at our company.


How to set up dual wired and wireless connections?

If you're using NetworkManager, it should just work. That said, you will need to set specific settings for your wired connection.

Select your wired connection in the Connection Editor window for NetworkManager (right click on the applet icon, then select Edit Connections). Click Edit, then switch to the IPv4 Settings tab and click the Routes button at the bottom.

You can then force the wired connection to not claim the default gateway (since NM would usually prefer wired over wireless), by checking the "Use this connection only for the resources on its network" checkbox.


How to use corrupted keys 's' and 'u'
This method can be used to type missing keyboard charactors even in tty where mouse support is unavailable, in which you can't use copy-paste.
Command echo -e '\x73' will print

s

Where 73 is the hex equalent of s. To find hex of other charactors see the ascii table from man ascii.
Now let's store it in a variable, say w1 w1=$(echo -e '\x73'). So to use sudo  type ${w1}udo.
example
whoami

ubuntu

${w1}udo whoami

root

other methods
shell expansation :  In this case you can use the expansion feature of bash as follows
/usr/bin/?udo  /usr/bin/a?t will be expanded to
/usr/bin/sudo  /usr/bin/apt.  The ? will match a single character.
Repeated use
For repeated daily use, create an alias or function.
w1=$(echo -e '\x73')
w2=$(echo -e '\x70')

alias aat-get="${w1}udo a${w2}t-get "

Now you can use aat-get instead of apt-get. For the changes to persistent add the above code to ~/.bashrc


You can try and visit the  Gnome Developer Website  there you can find all the documentation you'll need


Boot Repair should fix this.

Use a live disk to boot.
Then in a terminal enter following commands :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Click on Recommend Repair to fix the boot issues.


What Ubuntu-compatible software is available to remove shaking from a video?

Transcode
You can deshake a video with the use of an external stabilizer plugin available here:

Transcode video stabilization plugin

After installation of the plugin you can stabilize a video with the following command:
transcode -J stabilize -i inmovie -y null,null -o dummy

This will give you an output file with definitions for transforms that will have to be performed as a second step (here using default options):
transcode -J transform -i inmovie -y xvid,null -o outmovie

For further details and many addtitional options also see:

Transcode Wiki
Stabilizer Plugin Wiki


For Playing Restricted Formats install ubuntu-restricted-extras

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras


Download Laravel is too slow using Composer

I've faced the same issue before, after a lot search i believe this was the best answer to fix composer slowness for me.

composer config --global repo.packagist composer https://packagist.org

by adding packagist repo globally so that composer can search for packages in packagist.


How to connect Creative GigaWorks ProGamer G550W wireless speakers through a serial port

There is no serial port involved anywhere in the G550W system, and it should work just as well with any computer regardless of operating system. The wireless connection is only for the rear-left/rear-right speakers:

What you are probably referring to is this port on the back of the subwoofer:

The audio from your computer is input via cables to the inputs on the left side of the subwoofer.

That is NOT a serial port, but a proprietary DB-15 connector used to connect ONLY the control box/wireless transmitter:

The wireless receiver is set up on the other side, to which you connect the rear-left and rear-right speakers:


The real issue will be whether or not you are able to install AT ALL. If your laptop does not read DVDs and cannot boot from a flashdrive (which I suspect), then you’re stuck. If you can boot from a live DVD or flashdrive, then you’re in luck. The Ubuntu installer will allow you to try it out without installing. Run this option and goof around with it for a while. If it lags too much then you are best going with a lighter weight Linux version.


Ubuntu 20.10 cannot disable IPv6 via sysctl

I had the same problem and solved it by putting the line: link-local: [ipv4] within the block of proper interface in the /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml file. Then: "netplan reload" or full restart.
I have no idea if this is proper, supported and "sanctified" way to manipulate network settings in Ubuntu 20.10, but it seems to be the right way right way.


Unable to install jdk 6 after uninstalling jdk 7

This sould be enough :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java6-installer

If you encounter problems, edit your main post and leave a comment here ;)

Regarding your java -version output, the packages aren't installed yet, that's why Ubuntu tells you to install one of them.


Cannot set up resolution for screen on an ASUS A55V

The reason is that you certainly installed NVIDIA oficial driver...
This computer is using optimus nvidia technology then you have to use bumblebee linux packages
http://bumblebee-project.org/


unable to install any software using sudo command

Run the below commands on terminal to install vlc,

 sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock
 sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock
 sudo apt-get install vlc


Latest mysql-5.5.53 update seems to have broken

solution:

sudo chmod 755 -R /var/lib/mysql


You can always create a swap file to add more swap space. This is not the same in every aspect as swap partition, but it will be easy and dynamic.
In the following steps, change /media/fasthdd/swapfile.img to anything you like. For example, it can be /swap.img as well. /media/fasthdd/swapfile.img is just an example filename. If you are using this one, then of course there must be a directory /media/fasthdd/ with enough free space for your new swap file.
Use any terminal application to run the commands of the following steps. All commands should be run with root privileges. To do this, you can either add sudo to the beginning of every command or run sudo bash before running the commands.

Create an empty file:
This file will contain virtual memory contents so make file big enough for your needs. This one will create a 1GiB file, which means +1GiB swap space for your system:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/media/fasthdd/swapfile.img bs=1024 count=1M

If you want to make a 3GiB file, then change count value to count=3M. See man dd for more information.

Bake the swap file:
The following command is going to make a "swap filesystem" inside your fresh swap file.
mkswap /media/fasthdd/swapfile.img

Bring up on boot:
To make sure that your new swap space is activated while booting up computer, you should add it to the filesystem configuration file /etc/fstab. Add it to the end of the file. This is recommended because other filesystems (at least one that contains a swap file) must be mounted in read-write mode before we can access any files.
# Add this line to /etc/fstab
/media/fasthdd/swapfile.img swap swap sw 0 0

Activate:
You can either reboot your computer or activate the new swap file by hand with the following command:
swapon /media/fasthdd/swapfile.img

If everything goes well, you should see that more swap space is available for use. You can use the following commands to check your new swap and confirm that it is active:
$ cat /proc/swaps
Filename                           Type       Size    Used    Priority
/media/fasthdd/swapfile.img        file       8388604 2724    -1

$ grep 'Swap' /proc/meminfo
SwapCached:         4772 kB
SwapTotal:       8388604 kB
SwapFree:        8355812 kB


If you have internet connection then you can use online tools like Convert PDF to JPG which is free and secure.


Snap-installed app doesn't put icon into launcher

I found the answer. It's not Plasma/KDE or snap, but zsh. I'm not sure why this worked on my old setup as I was using zsh there as well without a workaround.

This answer solved my problem: https://askubuntu.com/a/989485/754993.

To quote:

  If you are using zsh, the snap binary and desktop directories will not automatically be added to your environment variables.

The step I did specifically was to add emulate sh -c 'source /etc/profile.d/apps-bin-path.sh' to the bottom of my /etc/zsh/zprofile file.


You need to manually install openjdk-8-jdk first.

Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and run :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk

When the openjdk-8-jdk installation is done, try to reinstall frostwire :

wget http://dl1.frostwire.com/frostwire/6.1.9/frostwire-6.1.9.all.deb
sudo dpkg -i frostwire-6.1.9.all.deb


I'm also having a similar problem with HP DeskJet 1xxx printer (don't remember the exact model). My understanding of the problem is that the printer requires a proprietary driver downloaded from HP website - which is supposed to happen automatically when the printer is detected, but the configuration script often fails - in particular, this is happening every time a new HPLIP version in installed by Update Manager.

To fix this, I run the configuration utility manually:

sudo hp-setup

This will ask you some questions (turn the printer off, turn the printer on etc.) and download the driver.

On some ocassions I had problems with running it in graphical mode - there's a command-line switch to make it use text mode, something like sudo hp-setup -t


I have the exact same laptop, and when I tried messing around with acpi=off and the likes, it did cause the fans and power management to bork.

I simply added noapic to the end of the startup line instead, and everything has been working like a dream for the last 9+ months.

One is ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) and the other APIC (Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controllers).


You could do this:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update

You can list broken packages :

dpkg -l | grep ^..r

r state (on the third field) means: reinst-required (package broken, re-installation required)


I have had seemingly similar issues with Nvidia. Overscan, screen resolution issue, pushes menus beyond screen border.

Did you try loading the terminal app using keyboard shortcut once os loads?   Try :~$   Ctr-Alt-T

If you see terminal screen show up then attempt running catalyst control centre by typing in terminal :~$  sudo amdcccle

One issue i currently have myself is that once resolution manually changed ( Nvidia chipset), after restart, xorg doesn't appear to be reading from the xorg.conf file. A manual change is required each time.


As far as I know, the dash does not search for hidden files for security reasons.

(Files starting with . (dot) are hidden files).

To search in a Terminal use -name

find ~/web -name '.htaccess'


Best practice to replace unknown chars from unknown charsets in filenames?

In theory it can be tricky to know the character encoding used by the files, but in most cases the error comes from windows systems and programs still using just Latin1 instead of UTF-8. Run convmv -f cp850 -t utf-8 * without quotes in the folder with the broken files and have a try.

(You need convmv package installed)


You can check whether tor is enabled or not on boot by executing following command on terminal.

sudo systemctl status tor.service

If it enabled on boot, you can disable it.

sudo systemctl disable tor.service


Mirror / Synchronize sda - sdb / while running server

What you need is RAID.

More: you need RAID-1. There are various types, you can read up on the Internet about how to set up your hard drives in these combinations.


Google Desktop Search replacement in Gnome Classic?

People there: What is the best desktop search tool? suggests:
1 Tracker
2 Recoll


Try switching to ubuntu 2d at login and see if things load in. I had to do that with a dell e521.


A couple of things to try:

Add a line to the following file: /etc/default/grub
when you open the line will most likely read:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

change this line to be:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi=off"

when you're all done you need to update grub for the change to take effect

sudo grub-update

I believe the first shutdown after these changes will have the same issues, but moving forward should be resolved.
Blacklist DMA this will default to use PIO instead.  Differences found here:

details - do the above by going to

/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

with your text editor and appending these line of text:

blacklist dw_dmac
blacklist dw_dmac_core


Desktop Launcher

To create a desktop launcher, open up a text editor (e.g. ALT+F2 gedit) and paste in:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=GrooveNet
Comment=Launch GrooveNet
Exec=/Downloads/GrooveNet-master/project/bin/groovenet
Icon=/path/to/icon.png
Terminal=true
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Application;

If you don't have an icon, you can leave that line out. Save the file as "Groovenet.desktop" in your Desktop folder (~/Desktop).

Now you need to make it executable, so open up a terminal and enter

sudo chmod +x Groovenet.desktop

That should be it.

If you don't like using the terminal, a graphical way of doing the same thing using gnome-panel is possible too, it's in the Ubuntu documentation (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UnityLaunchersAndDesktopFiles).

Keyboard Shortcut

Another way of solving the same problem would be to assign a keyboard shortcut to open the program, which you might find more useful/quicker.

In System Settings > Keyboard > Shortcuts > Custom Shortcuts create a new shorcut. In the "Command:" box, enter gnome-terminal --tab -e "/Downloads/GrooveNet-master/project/bin/groovenet". Give it a name and click Apply, then assign it a keyboard shortcut of your choice.


(very) old version of Postfix in Ubuntu Trusty

The official announcement page says that 2.11.0 has been released on January 15, 2014.

2.9.1 is about 2 years older (released February 18, 2012).


I guess you've got the wrong link.
The file which actually contains the application is this one:
Just download it using your browser. Then navigate to the directory where the file is located, right click it and unzip it.
I guess some kind of executeable will get unpacked.

Greetings, Didi


This is what I tried to indicate in my comment on your other question, when I mentioned package dependencies, libraries, etc.

In CentOS and RHEL at the least, the awk program exists at /bin/awk.  In Ubuntu default, it's in /usr/bin/awk  Because the RPM uses hard-coded paths, the chances are this is not the only executable you will have problems with.

To this end, you can either do this the 'hackish' way, or the 'safer' way.

The Hackish Way - This will be a headache

As you continue through running, when you encounter a missing program with a hardcoded path, in a separate command line attempt to run the program without the path.  If the program exists, then run which PROGRAM (such as which awk).  This will give you a file path location.

The reason this is hackish is it alters where things're 'installed' slightly.  Create a symlink with sudo to the proper location that the RPM is seeking. In this case of awk, it wants /bin/awk.

sudo ln -s $(which awk) /bin/awk

This is the example for awk.  These will alter radically depending on what exact commands are missing.

Note that I do not suggest you do this method.  Because it could affect how other programs on your system behave in a non-intended and painful way.

The safe way - use a VM in VirtualBox or a CentOS LXD image

Both of these methods require the installation of additional software.

In essence, this would put a CentOS image - which the RPMs will work with much more safely than Ubuntu - in either an LXD-based container or in a VM on your system.  There are multiple other guides on how to do this safely on other sites (we don't support CentOS on Ask Ubuntu), however.

But, this is the safer method.  You can then establish connectivity into this system separately in a way that won't harm your Ubuntu system or affect how it runs or boots.


How to sent an installation error report that occurred while not having an internet connection?

Please look at How to report an Installer bug. Quoting from there:

  When installing a new iso, you can hit a bug during the actual
  install. This table is to give guidance on what best to report such a
  bug at.

...

  If you are unsure of the application, or for further information,
  please have a read of Finding the Right Package.  Sometimes the machine
  with the bug has no internet access, in this case:

  ubuntu-bug is a wrapper around apport-cli and apport-cli has an option
  for saving the report for later. The documentation says:

  --save=PATH In bug filing mode, save the collected information into a file instead of reporting it. This file can then be reported later on
  from a different machine.

  Saving the bug report to a file can be useful when the machine you are
  testing on does not have internet access. After saving the file and
  moving it to a system with internet access you can use 'apport-cli
  my.crash' (where my.crash is the saved crash file) to send the report
  to Launchpad.

It's my understanding that the QA Team would really like people to test in the manner they suggest (in addition to whatever else one does). So, if you're willing, I'm sure they'd be too happy to have you join them!

BTW, here's where I put up your issue: Facebook permalink to Lubuntu Official if you aren't allergic to Facebook ;)


Use youtube-dl to download all the playlists of a channel

I found the solution:

in order to download them as playlists, set the channel url to the playlist section of the channel, i.e.

Correct

channel_url="https://www.youtube.com/user/channelname/playlists"

Incorrect

channel_url="https://www.youtube.com/user/channelname/"


How to redirect all internet traffic to SSH tunnel?

One way would be to create .desktop files.  You can copy the google-chrome-stable to your desktop by typing in from a terminal window:

cp /usr/share/applications/google-chrome.desktop /home/username/Desktop

Open the google-chrome.desktop file with your favorite editor, and change the following line:

Exec=/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable %U

to:

Exec=/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable --proxy-server="socks://127.0.0.1:1080"

you might also want to change this line close to the beginning of the .desktop file from:

Name=Google Chrome

to

Name=Google Chrome (Tunnel)

save the file and exit.  Then make the file executable so it can be run:

sudo chmod +x /home/username/Desktop/google-chrome.desktop

any time you want it to connect through your tunnel you just launch that one instead.


how to config postfix when send email need login?

Try this main.cf. Test from a machine other than the email server.

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no
append_dot_mydomain = no
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-mail.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-mail.key
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
myhostname = domain.com
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = domain.com, localhost
#mydestination = hash:/etc/postfix/mydomains
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
home_mailbox = Maildir/
mailbox_command = /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -c /etc/dovecot/conf.d/01-mail-stack-delivery.conf -m "${EXTENSION}"
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
        permit_mynetworks,
        permit_sasl_authenticated,
        reject_invalid_hostname,
        reject_non_fqdn_hostname,
        reject_non_fqdn_sender,
        reject_non_fqdn_recipient,
        reject_unknown_recipient_domain,
        reject_unlisted_recipient,
        reject_unauth_destination,
        reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org,
        permit

smtpd_helo_restrictions =
    permit_mynetworks,
    reject_non_fqdn_hostname,
    reject_invalid_hostname,
    permit
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_auth_only = no
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/cacert.pem
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
policy-spf_time_limit = 3600s
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain
smtpd_client_restrictions = sleep 1,reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_sasl_authenticated
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1
smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium

#authorized_submit_users = bitwolaiye
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtp_sasl_mechanism_filter = plain, login


Run command : sudo hp-setup -i and then follow the instruction for installation but first delete the printer that you added.


I was able to run Ubuntu from the LIVE CD on an ASUS Windows 8 Touch screen Laptop. However when I take the CD out I am not able to boot into Windows

IMO the easiest method is boot repair

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update

Hit enter to allow the installation.

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (boot-repair &)

Use "Recommended repair"

Post the url it gives you if you have problems

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair for details


Is it installed via apt?
Maybe remove/move the config folder ~/.config/Rambox, and then start the app again.


Check out this bug.

Basically, you will need to compile pyqt yourself because using running the packaged pyqt with python 3 is not supported yet, not even in Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty).

Python 3 support for Gnome and KDE is a priority for Ubuntu 11.10 so maybe later this year, it will be working better.

However, there may be something specifically wrong since you said that you did try installing from source. Perhaps installing the packaged sip might help. Maybe, this email relates to your issue. I think you should open a Ubuntu bug about this.


Try these:-
echo y | sudo kubeadm reset remove-etcd-member
sudo docker stop $(docker ps -a -q)
sudo docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
sudo docker rmi $(docker images -a -q)
sudo apt purge -y docker-engine docker docker.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli
sudo apt-get autoremove -y --purge docker-engine docker docker.io docker-ce
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker /etc/docker
sudo rm /etc/apparmor.d/docker
sudo groupdel docker
sudo rm -rf /var/run/docker.sock
sudo kubectl delete node --all
sudo kubeadm reset
echo y | sudo apt purge kubeadm kubectl kubelet kubernetes-cni kube*
echo y |sudo apt autoremove
sudo rm -rf ~/.kube
sudo rm -Rf $HOME/.kube
sudo rm -Rf /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config


iptables allow dyndns domain name and auto update rules

In short: no, the only way to update an iptables rule is to replace it (iptales -R ...) or to delete it and add a new one with the updated IP address (iptables -D ... followed by iptables -A ...).

This blo post discusses the issue and sketches a solution.


How to install Epson Perfection V600 Photo Scanner drivers

Driver install steps for older Ubuntu (<= 14.04)

Note: See my other answer for latest Ubuntu steps: https://askubuntu.com/a/1135180/8570

Looks like a package is missing but I will detail the whole process to help other users.

Search for the Epson Driver site for Perfection V600 Linux drivers:

Download the relevant packages from both links:

iscan-data_1.24.0-2_all.deb

iscan_2.29.2-1~usb0.1.ltdl7_amd64.deb

iscan-plugin-gt-x820_2.2.0-1_amd64.deb

Notes:

For Ubuntu 8.04 and lower download ltdl3 instead of ltdl7
For 32-bit Ubuntu users download i386 instead of amd64

Install the packages as per the order above by double-clicking on the package to open it with the Ubuntu Software Centre. Alternatively use dpkg -i <deb> from the terminal for each package.

Connect and power on the scanner.

Open Dash and search for Image Scan! for Linux

It sometimes can take a while for the software to open, so be patient, and eventually it should find your scanner and you are ready to scan.

References:

Epson Scanner FAQ
Epson Scanner Manual


Laptop freezes after connecting external monitor

You are on Linux Kernel 4.5.3 which is no longer supported: (https://www.kernel.org/). I would recommend you move up to 4.8.10
which came out a few days ago and has been working well for me. Plus users of Cherry Trail on the infamous Bay Trail bug list said yesterday it is fixing problems for them: (https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=109051). You have an Intel Skylake which is also included in that bug report. I have an Ivy Bridge and also have side effects ever since my upgrade to kernel 4.4 used by Ubuntu 16.04

Other Intel Skylake posts that may interest you here in AskUbuntu are:

Ubuntu 16.04 Skylake overheating
No version of Ubuntu can be installed with any Skylake 6th generation Intel processor
Intel Skylake Graphics fix crashes Nvidia card
Ubuntu 14.10 LTS with new skylake processors .
Ubuntu 16.04 Skylake 6th Generation Screen Flickering
Skylake integrated graphics on Ubuntu - Help!

Enough links already you're killing me!!!

Steps everyone can take are to ensure Intel microcode is up to date. See the answer in the first link at top of page.

Steps you can take is to upgrade kernel from 4.5.3 (unsupported) to 4.8.10 which has good reviews / improvments:

cd /tmp
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.8.10/linux-headers-4.8.10-040810_4.8.10-040810.201611210531_all.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.8.10/linux-headers-4.8.10-040810-generic_4.8.10-040810.201611210531_amd64.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.8.10/linux-image-4.8.10-040810-generic_4.8.10-040810.201611210531_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i *.deb
sudo reboot

I look forward to feedback and updating this answer as new information comes to light.

Thank you.


Script/Program for Quick install & config openvpn

Here's what I use to install and activate an OpenVPN client.  It could use more documentation... but you don't want to read it anyway ☺

#!/bin/sh

if [ "x$1" = "x" ]; then
  echo Usage: install-client POD
fi

if [ ! -r client.conf ]; then
  echo Must be run from directory with conf files
fi

apt -y install openvpn
cp client.conf /etc/openvpn
cp keys/ca.crt /etc/openvpn
cp keys/$1.key /etc/openvpn/client.key
cp keys/$1.crt /etc/openvpn/client.crt

service openvpn@client start


Why does my script work when started from console but does not work when started via upstart?

I'll take a shot, since no one else has offered an answer.

Try changing your start condition to start on started tty1

My understanding of init systems is that they will happily start programs at weird times if you ask them to.  Asking to start at the run levels could mean at the beginning of those run levels, before anything else has started.  Like before things like any part of the file system have been mounted, and certainly before minimal networking is available.

start on started tty1 will wait till the first terminal is started before starting the program, which is basically the same time that you would be able to run/test things manually.  So your program starts up later in the boot process, but you should get more consistent results.


keyboard shortcut to switch to next window

Alt + Tab will switch you through a menu.

Alt + Esc will switch you directly through windows.

Home key will bring up a menu to select different windows with  your arrow keys or with Tab and Shift + Tab.

Using Shift in combination with any combination will reverse your selector's direction.

Alt + Esc is probably your best option. Using xdotool will only remove the solution farther from the problem in most situations that directly interact with the desktop manager via short cuts.


How do I switch to Cinnamon/Nemo at the login screen?

On the login screen click on the Ubuntu logo next to your name and select what Desktop to use.


Sound problem with playing media in Ubuntu 16.04

have you checked the volume mixer in the system tray, while VLC is running, to make sure that the volume for it isn't turned down or off? Just left click on the speaker icon.

In addition, you could open a console and run: alsamixer to check volume settings there.

Finally open your system settings and revise the settings of your reproduction devices... There might be an issue there.

If all that fails, please try these links:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1770283
Why do the video players make no sound?

Hope this helps,

Ben


The standard locations for startup scripts are:

/etc/rc#.d/

or

/etc/rc.d/rc#.d

Where # is the runlevel that the system starts into.  On the later versions of Ubuntu the startup services are in:

/etc/init/

directory.

Now the logs for the startup would normally go into one or all of the following files:

/var/log/daemon.log
/var/log/syslog
/var/log/dmesg
/var/log/messages


Why does my partitions not mount while windows has been shut down?

You need to turn off fast boot and hibernation in Windows. Next, once you're in Windows, run this in an administrative console window:

chkdsk /f C:

(assuming sda2 is C:)

It'll tell you that you can't do that on a running Windows OS (if this is the C: drive) and ask if you wish to run it at boot time. Say yes. Once the sda2 partition has a clean file system, you'll be able to mount it in Ubuntu.

Of course, another question might be... do you need to mount this partition in Ubuntu?


Not enough space to build proposed filesystem while setting up superblock

Danatela is correct; however:

It's common practice to use a primary partition for a single-partition disk like this. Although a logical partition will work for this purpose, it involves somewhat more complex data structures than a primary partition, those data structures end up reducing the size of the partition (by an admittedly minuscule amount), and there really is no need for a logical partition on a 1-partition disk, so you get no advantages from these small disadvantages.
Your disk is 3TB in size. fdisk reports that it uses 4096-byte logical sectors, and on such disks, the MBR partition table that fdisk manipulates can handle disks that are up to 16TiB in size; however, most disks today still use 512-byte sectors, and on such disks, MBR isn't really good beyond 2TiB (or 4TiB if you push things and are willing to accept some limitations). As a general rule, on larger disks, you should use the GUID Partition Table (GPT), which you can create and manipulate with GParted, parted, or gdisk. (The very latest versions of fdisk can also handle GPT, but AFAIK no version of Ubuntu yet ships with GPT-enabled versions of fdisk.) Note also that GPT doesn't distinguish between primary, extended, and logical partitions, so if you were to use GPT, the preceding bullet point would become irrelevant.

Overall, there's no compelling reason to change what you've got; but I wanted you to be aware of these issues because the path you've taken is becoming obsolete.


Mate 16.04.3 LTS (Xenial) client boot issue, boots on Busy Box

Finally found the solution here.

For those who do not speak Greek, the solution is actually similar to the one in the link I mention in the question, but not quite. In my case the file /etc/nbd-server/conf.d/ltsp_i386.conf, which is originally not at all created- and that is the bug, has to include the following:

[/opt/ltsp/i386]
     exportname = /opt/ltsp/images/i386.img
     readonly = true
     authfile = /etc/ltsp/nbd-server.allow

An nbd-server restart is required:

sudo service nbd-server restart

PS System restart may be required.


USB headset is shown as disabled in Audio Hardware

I had the same problem and the only way to make it work was to disable ALL sound cards by setting them to OFF , restart the computer and then enable the headset first.

It worked then.


Setting up multiple Ubuntu computers to share files and users

I think you can use LDAP and NFS.

LDAP can do a lot of things - and it is best suited to what you are doing for authentication. Managing LDAP is not a big chore, especially with utilities like phpLDAPadmin. There are plenty of scripts in the ldapscripts package to simplify command-line tasks. The Ubuntu Server Guide has a nice, detailed entry on installing and configuring LDAP and enabling STARTTLS. Once the server is set up, configuring the client is very easy - just install libpam-ldapd, libnss-ldapd and nslcd and choosing the right options when asked, and run the pam-auth-update command to enable LDAP. LDAP can also specify a lot of details about the user - the home directory, the shell, the mail server, etc.
NFS can be used to share home folders, but I am not sure of securing it. You can allow and deny access to specific hosts, but I don't know how secure an IP-based restriction is - what's to prevent someone from using the IP of a system that's down and gaining access?

I have never set up Kerberos, so I won't comment about it, but it seems you can integrate Kerberos with LDAP and NFS, considerably increasing the security of NFS. But for now, start small with LDAP and NFS.


Make terminal app not stop applications when losing focus

You can change terminal lifecycle by running these command.

Find out which apps are supposed not to be suspended:

gsettings get com.canonical.qtmir lifecycle-exempt-appids

For me this command returns ['com.ubuntu.music']
Add terminal app to this list

gsettings set com.canonical.qtmir lifecycle-exempt-appids "['com.ubuntu.music', 'com.ubuntu.terminal']"

Now terminal shouldn't be stopped anymore.

This solution from "VLC running in the Terminal App on Ubuntu Touch has play/pause/skip controls in the sound indicator" on reddit.


In the end I found out the problem was my disk which was 100% full, and this caused the error.

Simply running some cleanup procedure freed enough space to let the system reboot normally.


First try grub-customizer, see this answer, but you should know that grub-customizer has some issues with the newest grub-2.00.

If you like the manual editing way, open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and run

gksudo /etc/grub.d/40_custom && gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Here you will create YOUR custom grub entries. If you have another Linux system (Windows no matters), then you must update these custom entries by hand every time a new kernel arrives in the other Linux system (not Ubuntu).

Now you must have two documents opened, the one (40_custom) is opened with root privileges.

Each entry begins with

menuentry

and ends with this symbol  }

Copy paste the entries you want from grub.cfg to 40_custom . Not Ubuntu's entries. Only the entries from ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### and below.

When done, save the 40_custom document.

Run in terminal

sudo chmod 644 /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober
sudo chmod 755 /etc/grub.d/40_custom
sudo update-grub

Above commands will remove the execute permissions from 30_os-prober (that scans for other Operating Systems and add the entries) and will give execute permissions to your custom script (40_custom). Last command will update grub with the new values.

Check the new values with

cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Above method is a bit tricky and dangerous. You should edit the files very carefully because you may wind up with a corrupted grub menu or no menu at all.
If that's the case, you have to use boot-repair from a Live media to restore grub.

More grub tips and tricks can be found in Ubuntu Wiki/Grub2, for custom menus look here.

Good Luck


multiple sites in apache2 aren't working

Based on your description and the comments on the question, you will want to update your /etc/hosts file to have bom.com and bom2.com point to your local Apache installation. This is typically considered “bad practice” for development purposes, as using a .com does not give you a quick visual reference to confirm if you’re working locally or seeing a production site. That said, here’s how you can accomplish your goal:

Open Terminal (if it’s not already open)
Edit /etc/hosts with a text editor of your choice:
sudo vi /etc/hosts

Add records that point to your Docker container. For example:
172.17.0.2    bom.com
172.17.0.2    bom2.com

Save the file
Ensure “Developer Tools” is active on your browsers and have “Disable Cache” active. This will reduce the odds of the browser bypassing local name resolution to query the live sites.

Note: Other machines on your local network will not be able to connect to the Docker instance unless you also update the hosts file on each of those machines, or configure a local DNS server to point the network traffic accordingly.


My .bashrc alias not run in .desktop file

While the other answers offer a good workaround for your problem, to answer your question, the right way to use an alias inside a .desktop file is, in your case:

Exec=bash -ic "midos"

That's because aliases from ~/.bashrc file will work only
 in a bash interactive shell (-i option is used in this case to start bash interactive).

If another user wants to use the same .desktop file, then he must to have defined as well that alias.


Try to take out the -d option, as systemd will daemonize it for you.


Getting X Display on Ubuntu 18.04 (works on 14.04)

johndoe has a Wayland session, which doesn't use the DISPLAY variable. If you really need to still use X11, have John Doe log into an X11 session instead and try again.

@dessert gets a different result because they are using an X11 session on 18.04.


help! i was updating ubuntu and my computer ran out of battery!

Try to reinstall the Ubuntu Desktop with sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

If you're able to login normally after that, run sudo apt-get dist-upgrade to continue upgrading. Make sure your laptop is plugged-in during the whole upgrade process this time.


Which Notes-apps featuring notes that stick to the desktop are available for Unity

stickynotes works on 14.04.  I'm using it now, it's pretty cool, similar to the Windows7 desktop widget stickies.

http://linuxg.net/how-to-install-indicator-stickynotes-0-4-2-on-ubuntu-14-0413-1012-1012-04-linux-mint-161413-and-elementary-os-0-2/


The apache2 configtest failed while while restarting apache2 service

I had a similar problem with error:

apache2: Syntax error on line 140 of /etc/apache2/apache2.conf: Syntax
error on line 2 of /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php7.0.load ...

I checked /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php7.0.load and at line 2 it had:

LoadModule php7_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/libphp7.0.so

But in my /usr/lib/apache2/modules folder I had a newer module:

libphp7.2.so

So In /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php7.0.load I changed it to:

LoadModule php7_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/libphp7.2.so

when I run configtest again, it shows result:

[Fri Jul 27 06:12:19.100729 2018] [so:warn] [pid 12179] AH01574:
module php7_module is already loaded, skipping

So it works for me.

(Source)


Can't create keyboard shortcuts utilizing the `Esc` key

To add a keyboard shortcut that is disallowed by the sanity checking in the GUI, add via the command-line instead. See "https://techwiser.com/custom-keyboard-shortcuts-ubuntu/".
Check first for an already existing custom list:
gsettings get org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys custom-keybindings

If the list doesn't already exist, then create one:
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys custom-keybindings "['/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/']"

Then add your shortcut:
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/ name "'my_new_shortcut'"
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/ binding "'<Super><Esc>'"
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/ command "'<path/thing to execute>'"


I have played that guide step by step. And I think in your case something went wrong and the file /etc/wordpress/config-localhost.php actually missing. But this isn't the worst thing. In the manual is missing a step, that describes how to create MySQL database and user for WordPress - the final result. How to do that, under consideration scenario, is described in the article WordPress from the Official Ubuntu Documentation. Another approach is shown under the step 1 below.
However, in my opinion the approach, described into the already mentioned manuals, makes the things more complicated as they actually are. Additionally, both manuals doesn't provides enough explanations to be understand what is happen. Here's a guide for you:
How to install the latest WordPress on Ubuntu 16.04 with LAMP

Pre-Requirements
The standard Ubuntu LAMP stack, that means we have working Apache2, MySQL, PHP. Refs:

What's the easiest way to set up a LAMP stack?

Ubuntu Community Help Wiki: Apache MySQL PHP

Linode: How to Install a LAMP Stack on Ubuntu 16.04.

WordPress: Required PHP Extensions

Along with next additional PHP extensions, also mod_rewrite for Apache2 must be enabled:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libapache2-mod-php
sudo apt install php-curl php-gd php-mbstring php-xml php-xmlrpc #php-mcrypt
sudo a2enmod rewrite php7.x

Note the Apache's PHP module version depends on your PHP version.
More detailed settings of the PHP configuration: Upgrade to the latest PHP version in Ubuntu.

1. Create MySQL Database
The steps are:

Login to the MySQL server from a terminal.
Create Database.
Create User.
Grant all privileges on the Database to the User.
Reload the privileges from the grant tables in the mysql database.
Exit MySQL.

The commands are:
# for MySQL 5 Ubuntu 16.04
$ mysql -u'root' -p

mysql> CREATE DATABASE DataBaseName;
mysql> CREATE USER 'DataBaseUser'@'localhost' identified by 'DataBaseUserPassword';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DataBaseName.* TO 'DataBaseUser'@'localhost';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> exit

# for MySQL 8 Ubuntu 20.04
$ sudo mysql

mysql> CREATE DATABASE DataBaseName;
mysql> CREATE USER 'DataBaseUser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'DataBaseUserPassword';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DataBaseName.* TO 'DataBaseUser'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> exit

Where DatabaseName, DatabaseUser and DatabaseUserPassword are subject of your decision.
According to the example the User will be allowed to access the Database only from the localhost, this is enough (and safety) when Apache and MySQL servers are allocated on the same 'physical' machine.

Don't miss the semicolon (;) at the end of each sentence.  If you are on Ubuntu 18.04+, where the socket authentication is the default authentication method for MySQL, use sudo mysql to login as root.

2.A. Download the latest WordPress release
The steps are:

Go to the directory where WordPress will be stored.
The directory used here is /var/www - this is the default directory where the web content should be stored within nowadays Ubuntu versions.

Download the latest release.

'UnZip' and 'UnTar' the package, then remove it.

Rename the folder. This step is not mandatory.
I'm usually using the same name for the installation directory, the name of the data base and the name of the virtual host config file. Also these names are based on the Domain Name if there is dedicated one.

Create upload directory.

Create empty .htaccess file.
WordPress will write some rewrite riles inside, depending on your preferences. For this purpose this file must be writable (or owned) by www-data, also mod_rewrite must be enabled and the usage of the .htaccess file must be allowed by the virtual host configuration - the directive AllowOverride All.

Change the WordPress directory ownership.
WordPress has mechanisms for auto update and automatic installation of plugins, and I found that, play with permissions and ownership here is complicated task. Into the most manuals as owner of WordPress's content is suggested www-data.

The commands are:
cd /var/www/

sudo wget https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
sudo tar xvfz latest.tar.gz && sudo rm ./latest.tar.gz*
sudo mv wordpress wordpress-custom-folder
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/wordpress-custom-folder/wp-content/uploads
sudo touch /var/www/wordpress-custom-folder/.htaccess

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/wordpress-custom-folder

2.B. Install WordPress from Ubuntu repositories
Another way to install WordPress is through Ubuntu repositories, like it is described here and here. But (within Ubuntu 16.04) the command apt show wordpress shows that the version into the repo is 4.4.2 while the current version is 4.8.1. Because WP has an mechanism for automatic update it will force you to update this outdated version to the latest one. So you will end up with 4.8, but after few steps of updates where something could go wrong.
The main advantage in this approach is that the installation process of WordPress will involve and some dependencies, as these, mentioned at the top of this post.

3.A. Setup Apache2: Create Virtual Host, dedicated to the particular WordPress

Follow this section if there is dedicated domain or sub-domain name and the WordPress site will be accessible via URL as: http://my-domain.com or http://someprefix.my-domain.com.

If you don't intend to run other sites in the near future, just edit 000-default.conf instead of new Virtual Host creation.

If you don't have an registered domain name, but you want to access your WP site via domain name instead of IP address (or localhost), you can add line as next somewhere within the /etc/hosts file (more details are provided in this answer):
  127.0.0.1    my-domain.com someprefix.my-domain.com

Create and edit a new Virtual Host configuration file:
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/wordpress.conf

The first part of the name of the configuration file - wordpress. - is subjects of your decision.

The content of the file should look as this:
<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerName someprefix.my-domain.com
    ServerAlias my-domain.com

    # If this is the default configuration file we can use: 'ServerName localhost' or also 'ServerAlias localhost'.

    ServerAdmin site-admin@email.com

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/someprefix.my-domain.com.error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/someprefix.my-domain.com.access.log combined

    DocumentRoot /var/www/wordpress-custom-folder

    <Directory /var/www/wordpress-custom-folder>
        Options None FollowSymLinks
        # Enable .htaccess Overrides:
        AllowOverride All
        DirectoryIndex index.php
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    <Directory /var/www/wordpress-custom-folder/wp-content>
        Options FollowSymLinks
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

Copy the above content and use in nano: Shift+Insert for paste; Ctrl+O and Enter for save; Ctrl+X for exit.

Enable the configuration and restart Apache2:
sudo a2ensite wordpress.conf
sudo systemctl restart apache2.service

3.B. Setup Apache2: Append WordPress to an existing Virtual Host

Follow this section if there is not dedicated domain or sub-domain name and the WP site will be accessible via URL as: http://my-domain.com/my-blog or http://localhost/my-blog, etc.

Within the two mentioned manuals (this and this) WP is appended to all enabled Virtual Hosts.

Edit the existing Virtual Host configuration file in this way:
<VirtualHost ...>
.....

    Alias /my-blog /var/www/wordpress-custom-folder

    <Directory /var/www/wordpress-custom-folder>
        Options None FollowSymLinks
        # Enable .htaccess Overrides:
        AllowOverride All
        DirectoryIndex index.php
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    <Directory /var/www/wordpress-custom-folder/wp-content>
        Options FollowSymLinks
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

Explanation about the directive Alias. Let's assume that DocumentRoot is /var/www/html. In this case the directive Alias /my-blog /var/www/wordpress-custom-folder will serve as this symbolic link:
   ln -s /var/www/wordpress-custom-folder /var/www/html/my-blog

Enable the configuration (if it is not enabled) and restart Apache2:
sudo a2ensite 000-default.conf         # or type the name of your configuration file
sudo systemctl restart apache2.service

4. Proceed to the web installation of WordPress
Go to the URL http://someprefix.my-domain.com or http://localhost/my-blog/ in your web browser. The WordPress installer will show up. The data about MySQL data base, created in step 1, must be provided there.
That's it.

Setup another instance
To run another instance of WP, just do the steps one more time and use unique data according to the new instance:

Create new Database. You can create and new MySQL User.

Download WP in new directory within /var/www.

Create new Virtual Host if you using approach 3.A, or, if you using 3.B, setup new Alias path and new <Directory> definitions.

Proceed to the web installation of the new WP.

References

How To Install WordPress with LAMP on Ubuntu 16.04 (DigitalOcean)

How to install Wordpress 4.5 on Ubuntu 16.04 LAMP (HowtoForge)

WordPress (Ubuntu documentation: Community Help)

Ubuntu 16.04 + PHP7 + Apache2 + MySQL + WordPress under 10 min (Rene Fürst: YouTube)

Further Reading

Upgrade to the latest PHP version in ubuntu 16.04

WP-CLI: The command line interface for WordPress | WP-CLI on WordPress.org

Installing/Updating WordPress with Subversion (codex.WordPress.org)

Git mirrors for WordPress (make.WordPress.org)

Speed Up Your WordPress Development Cycle With Git (ClintBerry.com)

Managing Your WordPress Site with Git and Composer (DeliciousBrains.com)


uninstalled gnome-extensions are back after reboot

It looks like those extensions were installed globally in /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/
It is not nice but I had to manually remove it there...


Firefox ignores media.autoplay.default since recent upgrade to 66.0.1

media.autoplay.default;1
media.autoplay.block-webaudio;true
media.autoplay.allow-muted;false

And in 66+, also add:  media.autoplay.enabled.user-gestures-needed;false


With the help of a bunch of extra data and the Dell Latitude 7390 Owner's Manual, it looks like the BIOS is not configured to allow your battery to make use of some Advanced Power Management features such as charge_control_end_threshold and charge_stop_threshold.
The first clue was from the Permission denied error when setting charge_control_end_threshold, as we cannot add anything to /sys/class/ that does not already exist. When this same error appeared for charge_stop_threshold, it forced a rethink to determine whether the battery was called BAT0, BATT, or BATC (or BAT1 on a couple of Acer models). However, the final confirmation is seen with the output of the /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/ pseudo-directory. These "files" are API interfaces when working with the battery, which is why we cannot add (or remove) any of them.
Unfortunately I do not have a Dell nearby to test this with but, according to the owner's manual, it may be possible to activate the features needed by tweaking a couple of settings in the BIOS.
Let's try this:

Reboot the machine

Enter the BIOS
⇢ Press F12 key when the Dell logo appears to access a boot menu with a list of the valid devices. Choose "Other Options" then enter "BIOS Setup"

Find "Power Management"

Find "Primary Battery Charge Configuration" and change the value to "Custom". As per the documentation:

If Custom Charge is selected, you can also configure Custom Charge Start and Custom Charge Stop.

Save the settings and boot back into Ubuntu

With this done, so long as your battery supports the ability to set (and display) charge thresholds, you should see charge_control_end_threshold and/or charge_stop_threshold in the /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0 location.
Hope this gives you what you're looking for


go to the location and run the command

cd /var/www/html
tar cvf /home/jo/backup/testBackup.tar test


dell inspiron 15R the FAN is always at the highest speed

It is just to install the package 'i8kutils'. The descripton of the package is: "Fan control for Dell laptops".

Some tips are:

Put 'ENABLED=1' at '/etc/default/i8kmon'
Put 'set config(auto) 1' at '/etc/i8kmon.conf'


Installing kubuntu-desktop on 15.10 Fails and Breaks APT

After some reading up on APT I was able to finish the kubuntu-desktop install (apt-get install -f) and get APT generally working again. I had to force-remove account-plugin-google and its dependency unity-scope-drive:

dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq account-plugin-google unity-scope-gdrive

I have not attempted to reinstall those packages so I don't know if this is a real "fix" but it at least got APT working again.


Number of files in a folder, gives different results

When you use ls -l you're not only getting a list of all files in the specified directory, one file per line, but you also get a total [BLOCKS] line at the top which displays how many file system blocks all files in this folder occupy in total. More info about this line can be found at What is that “total” in the very first line after ls -l? on Stack Overflow.

To just get one line per file (and vice versa), you could use ls -1 instead which does not add extra information.

From wc's manpage:

Print  newline,  word,  and  byte counts for each FILE

So the first number in wc's output is the number of lines, the second one is the number of words ("A word is a non-zero-length sequence of characters delimited by white space.") and the last number is the input size in bytes.

You can read the manpages (manual pages) of most commands by typing man COMMAND in the terminal, e.g. man ls or man wc.


3D graphics don't work with Sis Mirage graphics chip

You can't. This laptop uses a Sis MIrage 3 driver. There are no 3D linux drivers for it rigth now.


How do I get my Fn key to work on a Thinkpad T430s?

It apears my problem must have been due to a faulty / dead FN key. A hardware issue that is.

My 'solutoin': To swap ctrl and FN via the relevant bios option. Then I was without a left ctrl key. So I swapped left ctrl with caps lock.

the xmapmod for this is availble via google, but for the sake of posterity the process is:

First Backup your current xmodmap: xmodmap -pke > Xmodmap_orig. The create a copy og the existing xmodmap: xmodmap -pke > .Xmodmap. Now edit this file: vim .Xmodmap and paste the following at the bottom of the file

! Switch caps lock and (left) control
remove Lock = Caps_Lock
remove Control = Control_L
keysym Control_L = Caps_Lock
keysym Caps_Lock = Control_L
add Lock = Caps_Lock
add Control = Control_L

Save and source the modified xmodmap: xmodmap .Xmodmap

p.s I you are new to vim, the maybe choose nano instead.


Generate a diff between current /etc/ and default configuration

You should take a look to etckeeper :

  etckeeper is a collection of tools to let /etc be stored in a git,
  mercurial, darcs, or bzr repository. It hooks into apt (and other
  package managers including yum and pacman-g2) to automatically commit
  changes made to /etc during package upgrades. It tracks file metadata
  that revison control systems do not normally support, but that is
  important for /etc, such as the permissions of /etc/shadow. It's quite
  modular and configurable, while also being simple to use if you
  understand the basics of working with revision control.


This is meant to protect yourself. In pre-2.8 versions, you could do a lot of editing involving creating layers, selections and paths, "save" as JPG/PNG, and then exit without getting a prompt and oops... all the editing has to be redone from scratch. I have seen grown men cry :) which is why Gimp now distinguishes "save" and "export" and will warn you if the image hasn't been "saved".

Of course you can train your fingers to Ctrl-Q+Ctrl-D. But someday you'll cry...


How run a .jar file with a double-click?

Maybe you don’t have the runtime environment installed!

To install it try the following instructions.

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre

Or you could install Oracle JRE using the PPA method with the following commands.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ferramroberto/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin sun-java6-fonts

Then to use it to open .jar files try the following.

Right click the .jar file > Properties.
Click on the “Open With” tab along the top.
Change the default choice to be the java runtime environment that you have installed.
Click Close and you should be ready to double click.


running /usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_apt as nagios user does not return the correct result

You can use sudo to run this command as nagios user. nagios user has to execute this command:

nagios  ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_apt


From the file name I read that what you try to import is not a key, but a signature on a file pig-0.16.0.tar.gz. You cannot import a signature, but verify it instead:

gpg --verify pig-0.16.0.tar.gz.asc

You need to fetch the key before verification. The required key ID will be printed when not found during verification, and can be fetched from key servers by running

gpg --recv-keys [key-id]

Be aware that if you don't validate the key against a trusted source, it could be issued by anybody. Key servers don't perform any verification, and an attacker could have just created a key using a fake name and mail address and issued the signature you just try to verify.


As suggested, you can boot from a live CD or USB into Ubuntu. Then open the application gparted which will already be present and resize partitions. This can however break your bootloader and might require fixing it.

A better idea is to make a new partition, and move your home directory there so that you have the additional space and Ubuntu partition can be reserved for Ubuntu.

Here are the steps to do that.

Boot from a live CD or USB into Ubuntu
Run gparted to shrink or delete a current windows partition (if you delete E, for example, remember to backup the files in E from inside Windows). Shrinking a partition will not delete any of your files, but backup is a good idea.
Create a new ext4 partition in the empty space
Follow this guide to move your home there

Note:Please don't forget to remove (or comment or edit) old  /dev/sda3 in /etc/fstab. Because multiple declaration of volume (such as  existing /dev/sda3   ntfs    and     /dev/sda3    ext4)  would be crash your ubuntu


Shell calling shell(s) and passing env variable(s) or not

You have two options :

You can use :

export DISPLAY=:0.1

in the parent script. As we are using export the variable will be inherited by all child processes.

You can use :

DISPLAY=:0.1

in the child shell (if it calls further subshells use export in front). In this case as the child script is calling FFS just putting the DISPLAY in the child script will suffice.


The HTML5 app development support is under rapid development now. This means the content on developer.ubuntu.com is outdated fairly quickly. I am sorry for the confusion this causes.

If you install/update the Ubuntu SDK from the Ubunu SDK Released PPA, there is now a single type of HTML5 app project available (there used to be two types). This single type does not need or use a qml file, and it automatically creates an js/app.js file for you.


how can i set the sound to louder than 100% on cinnamon

In Cinnamon install Sound With Apps Volume from the "add applets" menu and then add it to panel.
It has the option to allow turning the volume up to 150% without having to open sound settings.

Otherwise you should have this option in sound settings.


Can't install Phalcon extention on Ubuntu

I did the setup via following these steps...

sudo apt-get install php5-dev libpcre3-dev gcc make php5-mysql git-core autoconf

### Do these in any folder you want
git clone --depth=1 git://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon.git
cd cphalcon/build
sudo ./install

### Create the extension ini file in /etc/php5/mods-available
echo 'extension=phalcon.so' | sudo tee -a /etc/php5/mods-available/phalcon.ini
cd /etc/php5/mods-available
sudo php5enmod phalcon

### Restart apache
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart


Detect the firmware version being loaded with:

dmesg | grep iwl

You will see the firmware version being loaded, something like:

iwlwifi 0000:xx:00.0: loaded firmware version 22.1.7.0 op_mode iwlmvm

If this is the case, you know that the former version you listed is being loaded. If you see 22.0.7.0, then you should update your firmware. Post back if you need guidance to do so.

I don't believe the -8 version will be called by the iwlwifi driver until the driver version in kernel 3.13; i.e. Ubuntu 14.04. You can tell what version your driver calls with:

modinfo iwlwifi

In my fully updated 13.10 system, it says:

firmware:       iwlwifi-7260-7.ucode


I was able to come up with a solution for Ubuntu 18.04 based on the first reply to Remapping Keys : Ubuntu - Reddit.
Open /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc file in your favorite editor using:
sudoedit /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc

And comment out this line:
// key <CAPS> { [ Caps_Lock     ]   };

The difference is just what to put in the new line, which should be:
key <CAPS> {  [ BackSpace, BackSpace  ] };

Afterward, to activate the changes, hit Alt + F2, enter r and press Enter to restart gnome-shell.


You could try installing updated stable video drivers from the X Updates PPA:

https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-x-swat/+archive/x-updates

For bleeding edge video drivers (which can contain bugs and break your system) there is the xorg-edgers PPA:

https://launchpad.net/~xorg-edgers/+archive/ppa

Instructions to add the PPA's are on the websites. To remove them use the ppa-purge tool which can be installed from Ubuntu's repositories.


DNS_PROBE_FINISHED_BAD_CONFIG in Xubuntu 17.04

First... DON'T manually edit /etc/resolv.conf... it says so right in the file... 'cause your manual edits WILL get overwritten. Also, DON'T start deleting symlinks/etc if you don't know what they do.

The proper way to add DNS servers is to edit your connection profile. Go to the IPv4 Settings tab, change the popup to "Automatic (DHCP) addresses only", and place your DNS servers in a comma-separated list where it says "DNS Servers".

Update #1 - from DNS_PROBE_FINISHED_BAD_CONFIG error in Ubuntu 14.04 with corrections

In terminal...

sudo rm -i /etc/resolv.conf
sudo ln -s /run/resolvconf/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
sudo resolvconf -u


Why is the LibreOffice icon just an X with a circle around it?

bcooksley is telling on the KDE Forum: http://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=11834

  That is because the application itself needs to set it's icon. If the
  application does not set one ( an XImage I believe ) then KDE provides
  it's default X logo. KDE does not retrieve this icon from the menu,
  but from X, which does not have a icon set if the application does not
  set one.

  Solution: contact developers of application(s) in question, or edit
  the source code of them yourself, and compile it.


Basic Web Development IDE/Editor like Dreamweaver?

Even when I added the accepted answer at the question mentioned by @fossfreedom, more precisely at Dreamweaver alternative in ubuntu?, in the comments of your question. I must accept that I didn't notice before the existence of Aptana Studio.

I include here a few screenshots for you, covering some of the points of your interest.

Syntax Highlight for PHP:

Syntax Highlight for HTML:

Syntax Highlight for CSS:

Syntax Highlight for Javascript

File tree illustrated in these screenshots and this examples:

Project Explorer:

Application Explorer:

Multi-Tabbed files

illustrated in the above screenshots.

I have noticed that there is support for FTP/SFTP file browsing/management but these are features that I don't use so I can't provide further details but I am sure you will find it in the Aptana Studio site.

In my experience, I stopped using all these tools that I formerly used in order to start enjoying this excellent application, that tops all the other similar alternatives.

I suggest you to try it. Is as easy as download and run, or follow the instructions of the producers in order to have this application installed and running in your system. For me is good to have it inside of my home folder, from where I start it by double clicking the program's icon. The application will find its updates and download to the appropriate folder when necessary.

There are several alternatives, like those mentioned in the previous questions, including those that features WYSIWYG editors. But this is also a great alternative.

Good luck!


How to share my laptop internet connection with Android Sony Xperia Tipo?

On the newest ubuntu :

System Settings -> Network -> Wireless -> Use as hotspot -> Accept to disconnect if connected -> IPv4 Settings - Share to other computers-> Check out the options for changing the password/SSID and other more advanced things.

And if then you should connect to the internet through ethernet port and share that connection.

Source : http://www.howtogeek.com/116409/how-to-turn-your-ubuntu-laptop-into-a-wireless-access-point/


If you mean that directly after powering on your pc nothing happens, it seems like GRUB is not loading.

Try re-installing GRUB from a Live CD/USB.
Detailed instructions can be found here: http://howtoubuntu.org/how-to-repair-restore-reinstall-grub-2-with-a-ubuntu-live-cd


How do I make a .sh file run in terminal by default - problem using .desktop file

Your question is missing an important piece of information: you want the script run from nautilus, right?

Ok, so assuming you want to do the following (which is not exactly what your description says, but it is close enough):

Use nautilus (the file manager) to navigate to a folder.
Right click in that folder and run a script with the current folder as a parameter

Here is how you can do this:

Create your script (e.g. in bash) and save it in the folder ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/.
In your script, instead of the directory path, use "$PWD"
Make the script executable

Then you can navigate into the folder, right click, go to scripts, click on your script and it will run in the current folder.

Example:
The script infoHere.sh in ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/:

#!/bin/bash
echo "\$* = $*" >> info.txt
echo "NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS = $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS" >> info.txt
echo "NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI = $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI" >> info.txt
echo "PWD = $PWD" >> info.txt

Running this script will output a file called info.txt with the content of the important environment variables that you can use in your script.

More about nautilus scripts here:

Ubuntu Wiki pages

A mailing list entry (where the example script is inspired by)


fn+pgup (home) button key in Fujitsu Lifebook PH521 is not working on Ubuntu 14.04-01

Belated answer, I know, but I thought it's worth posting as I've been having the same issue with a Dell Inspiron laptop and Ubuntu 16.04 and spent over a week on and off trying to resolve it. Have a look at the thread below, adding the correct key codes to the /sys/bus/serio/devices/serio0/force_release file resolved my issue. I didn't have the following file /usr/lib/udev/keymap  on my system, but was able to find the codes using keytouch-editor.

https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1279232#p1279232

Airman


Installing by using Wubi on Windows Vista 64

I believe there is a know bug with wubi and windows vista.

Here is a forum link that might help


As vlc has built-in decoders I would recommend to install it instead of installing by hand the missing plugins for Totem (the default media player).

from a terminal: sudo apt-get install vlc

Using the Software Center, just search for vlc and click on install


Adobe will stop releasing new versions of Flash - what will happen to flash support in Ubuntu?

Well, basically if we want to keep up with Flash Player future versions and corresponding features and improvements, other than security fixes, we will have to switch to Google Chrome. Adobe went on to say that future updates to Flash Player beyond version 11.2 for Linux will be available only through the Pepper API that will run on Google Chrome and not through a download from Adobe directly. Mozilla hasn't provided any statement about this that I know of so far, so it is expected that Firefox will just use the last version provided by Adobe for the years to come.

I also wish that html5 takes over the Internet, however some functionalities still rely strongly upon Flash player, such as media streams and it will take some time until we get rid of it.

Read this and this for additional details:

There has been some heavy discussion about this as well at Ubuntu Forums. Check those out:
1 2 3


In a similar environment with 10.04.4 ubuntu nfs-server serving approx. 50 ubuntu/mac os x clients (mostly 12.04.3), I had the same problem. The clients were only working when mounted the home-directories with the nolock option (which one shouldn't do).

After debugging all possible stuff in the network for two weeks a realized after finding this on serverfault, that the only change was including two new clients (12.04.3) with kernel 3.8.0-29-generic running. After taken these two out of the network (actually yesterday), the statd and lockd are stable again on the server.

I will report what happens today, once all clients will be in full operation again.

Is there any new client in your network?


Several ways:
1.Ubuntu Software Center, search for Skype
2.Skype website and click the download link
3.sudo apt-get install skype

64-bit may having some installation problem


How can I install Midnight Commander on Ubuntu 18.04.1?

You need to enable the universe repository:
sudo add-apt-repository universe
and then install mc:
sudo apt install mc


Okay.

FIRST make sure you aren't running TLP or any other power management add on.  While there is theoretically a way to make TLP leave the USB devices alone, I couldn't make it work.

Then, this solution works:
https://hamwaves.com/usb.autosuspend/en/

Note that your device control file may not be in the place this article says it is.  You don't need that to use the permanent solution but you do need it to test that its working.  In my case it was actually in 3 separate places in the /sys/bus/usb file tree (/sys/bus/usb/devices/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/power/control, /sys/bus/usb/devices/2-1/2-1.3/power/control and /sys/bus/usb/devices/2-1.3/power/control).

I found them by recursive grepping for the idProduct without the leading 0x  (eg 090c NOT 0x090c).  The command was "grep -r 090c *" executed in the /sys/bus/usb directory.

I had to set power/control to on as well as power/autosuspend and power/autosuspend_delay_ms to -1.  And I had to do this for both the SD card device and my usb hubs.

This is what my rules file looks like:

ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="045e", ATTR{idProduct}=="090c", TEST=="power/control", ATTR{power/control}="on"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="045e", ATTR{idProduct}=="090c", TEST=="power/autosuspend", ATTR{power/autosuspend}="-1"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="045e", ATTR{idProduct}=="090c", TEST=="power/autosuspend_delay_ms", ATTR{power/autosuspend_delay_ms}="-1"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="045e", ATTR{idProduct}=="091a", TEST=="power/control", ATTR{power/control}="on"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="045e", ATTR{idProduct}=="091a", TEST=="power/autosuspend", ATTR{power/autosuspend}="-1"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="045e", ATTR{idProduct}=="091a", TEST=="power/autosuspend_delay_ms", ATTR{power/autosuspend_delay_ms}="-1"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="045e", ATTR{idProduct}=="090b", TEST=="power/control", ATTR{power/control}="on"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="045e", ATTR{idProduct}=="090b", TEST=="power/autosuspend", ATTR{power/autosuspend}="-1"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="045e", ATTR{idProduct}=="090b", TEST=="power/autosuspend_delay_ms", ATTR{power/autosuspend_delay_ms}="-1"

Finally I had to turn automount back on (I had turned it off) because my machine still seems to drop the connection occasionally but with automount it seems to come right back.


Keyboard shortcuts (including the control key) returns caret (^) plus the capitalized input character

You need to ensure that both the Ubuntu machine and the Mac have the proper locale settings.

For Ubuntu, you can do this by running these commands:

sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
sudo update-locale

After double-checking Ubuntu, let's focus on the Mac.  It is most likely that your Mac is causing the issue, though.  This will be dependent on the terminal emulator that you're using.  If you go into Terminal app settings, be sure you have Set locale environment variables on startup enabled, and set to Unicode (UTF-8).

Once your locales match, both systems should respond similarly to the same key presses.

You can check your current settings by issuing the locale command on each of the machines.

Alternatively, locale can also be adjusted by setting/changing these environmental variables.  For example, these can be exported in .bashrc, or some other file, optionally sourced, though some may argue they belong in .profile:

export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_ALL=

While this example is 'typical', it has been suggested to set the LC_ALL variable to en_US.UTF-8, as well, and is reported to work for both Terminal and iTerm2:

export LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8"


Running ecryptfs-setup-swap makes permanent changes to /etc/fstab and /etc/crypttab that ensure your swap space is encrypted at every boot.

A random key is generated and used to encrypt swap at each boot.

The only exception to the above occurs if you add new swap files or swap partitions after you've run ecryptfs-setup-swap, as it only operates on the swap space present at that time.

Full disclosure: I'm the author and maintainer of eCryptfs and ecryptfs-setup-swap.


I found an answer, but not the best one!

Read this, to change the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file.

I did the solution from that post, and installed the new updates, then  xbacklight worked. But still, I couldn't change the brightness from setting. According to this answer, you can increase the screen brightness by 10% by this command:

xbacklight -inc 10

And decrease the brightness by 10% by this command:

xbacklight -dec 10

Then create a keyboard shortcut, for intsance, shift+f9 for command xbacklight -inc 10, or so. Unfortunately, it doesn't let you use fn+f9 shortcut, since it is supposed to have a job itself primitively.


How do I copy text from the program "screen" to my clipboard?

For a raw and dirty implementation, install the package xsel, that allow command line interaction with then X clipboard, then put these lines in your ~/.screenrc

bind > eval writebuf "exec sh -c 'xsel -nbi </tmp/screen-exchange'"
bind y eval "exec sh -c 'xsel -bo >/tmp/screen-exchange'"

then restart screen.

Now, when you select something in screen copy/scrollback mode, and write paste buffer to a file with C-a >, you can move to the browser and paste the content of the clipboard as usual (for example with Ctrl-V).

For the reverse, copy something in your browser with Ctrl-C, then go to screen and read the clipboard with the new command C-a y, then read the screen-exchange file into the paste buffer with C-a <, finally paste wherever you want with C-a ].

For this to work the variable DISPLAY must be correctly set, and you must have access to the X server. This is not a problem when you are on a terminal running on the same X server, but if you run screen in a virtual terminal, e.g. tty1, then you may need to run xhost + on the X side, and export DISPLAY=:0 or similar on the terminal, before starting screen.

As you see, it is not simple, and not bullet proof, but I hope it can help.

This answer is partly inspired from synchronizing GNU screen’s paste buffer and the X selection


Unable to boot Ubuntu 13.10 after install on acer desktop

The following solution has been tested just for an Ubuntu only boot system, and it works fine.

Here is the steps:

Insert the Ubuntu DVD, and choose "Try Ubuntu".
On live desktop run Gparted, and create a partition in an unallocated space, it's size should be more than 1 MB (make it 50 MB, and stay safe), and format it to fat32, then from "Edit" menu click "Apply all operations". Right click on this partition again and from "Manage flag" select "Boot".
Start the installation when you ready, and from "Installation Type" window choose "Something else", which will provide you with the partition table so you can change what you want.
Now, you will need three partitions,first one is the main partition you will install Ubuntu on it. It should be set to ext4 and the "mount point" is set to /
the second partition of course is the swap partition. You can set it during the creation or from "Installation Type" window.
The third partition is that you have created in (2). It will appear in partition table with type (efi). Choose this partition from "Device for boot loader installation" drop down menu.

Complete the installation process, and reboot.This procedure solved my "Reboot" message problem,and it should work fine for you too if there are no other problems.


Cannot set brightness with nvidia acpi_video0

Worked on my Ubuntu 18.04.03:

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

And then restart


I found the answer on another query, so take no credit.
When Nautilus finds the empty file you need to go to the address bar where the full address should be shown (you may need to press CTRL-L to get the full display rather than the short one).

It will look something like:

/home/user/.config/kdeconnect/9e835c92cb5a86f8/kdeconnect_sftp/9e835c92cb5a86f8

Simply append /sdcard to the end of the address and nautilus should find the phone contents. Depending on your android phone and version you may have to try /storage or /mnt instead of /sdcard.


I need to disable Internet In LAN Connection but i need to work with localhost

Remove your default gateway. Are you using gui or cli?
Without default gateway settings you can't get to the Internet.


On Ubuntu 12.04, is there any tools to check what programs are connecting to other NFS server share?

You can check what programs are actively accessing a network resource using the fuser and lsof commands.  Assuming your NFS share is mounted at /mnt/nfs, you could use either of the following commands to look for processes accessing the share:

lsof -Pni

or

fuser -m /mnt/nfs

The fuser option will give you a list of process IDs that are accessing the mount point specified with the -m option.  You can add the -k option to terminate those processes automatically.

With the lsof option, you will have to look for the IP address of the server in the last column.  The name of the process will be in the first column.  You may want to stick with fuser.


You can determine if you are running Unity 3D or 2D by open the system monitor. If you see a process named compiz in the processes tab, you are using Unity 3D. If it's running metacity instead, you're working with Unity 2D.

Ideas to get Unity 3D working:

First, install the package nux-tools and run /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p in a terminal window. It will show if your hardware is supported by Unity 3D. If you have an Nvidia or AMD/ATI graphics card, you might have to install the proprietary drivers first to get (good) 3D support. If it says Unity 3D supported: yes, you can continue with the other steps. If not, you cannot use Unity 3D.
Install Unity if it's not installed by running sudo apt-get install unity gnome-session.
Now log out, there should be an Ubuntu logo next to your username in the login manager. Click on it and select "Ubuntu", and log in again. Unity 3D should start.
If it's still starting Unity 2D and not 3D, open a terminal and type unity --replace. Unity 3D should start, if not, the terminal output might be interesting.
If all above doesn't work, create a new user and log in. Don't forget to select "Ubuntu" as in 3. Maybe some of your old user's preferences are broken, a new user will start with fresh preferences.


overheating and shutdown problems when adobe flash runs?

There's nothing you can do except complain to everyone you meet. Adobe pretends the problem does not exist. They blame websites for having settings incorrectly set.

Who in their right mind develops software that intentionally allows developers to set their software in a way that causes overheating. Even the beta version of Flash Player 11.5 continues to have the problem. It happens in Windows as well; it happens in IE9, Chrome and Firefox.

It would be nice if there was somewhere that everybody being affected by this problem could jointly protest Adobe's irresponsibility.

More info on the subject: http://forums.adobe.com/message/4753975#4753975

Also, install a program that shows your computer temp and pause Flash until the temp starts. It's a temporary help but at least in avoids having the computer shutdown or worse a fire.


Possibility to encrypt files to only be used on the current PC

What you want is an encrypted home directory. This will allow you to access all of your files when you are logged in, but anyone trying to view the contents of your home directory from a different account or a Live CD will not be able to access your files. There is an excellent article on How-To Geek on setting this up here.


If you mean to reload systemd, scanning for new or changed units then add:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload


SMPlayer - YouTube Explorer doesn't record videos on Ubuntu 15.04.

I found this solution in this article.

Open the terminal and type the commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:rvm/smplayer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install smplayer


Permission denied to copy or paste files in the system folders

Open a terminal and enter gksudo nautilus

This will run the file manager in super user mode.


Where can I see if the server I update from is up to date?

Here is a great list of servers status and other useful information.

But if you go to System -> administartion -> update manager -> Ubuntu software
and then select other in "download from".
then you can select select best server.

This gives you the server that is the fastest and up-to-date.


That must be due to Redshift/Night Color. Use the command sudo apt remove redshift
to uninstall redshift. In case Night Color is enabled, disable it in system settings.
If you are using a laptop, you can control brightness with the function keys, there's no need to use xrandr.
If you are using a desktop, you can use Brightness Controller, which is a GUI tool to control brightness, and it can also change the color temperature (it uses xrandr in the backend)
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:apandada1/brightness-controller
sudo apt update
sudo apt install brightness-controller

(disclaimer - I am one of the developers of this software)
You will have to disable Night Color to use Brightness Controller (note that it does not work with Wayland).


ubuntu PC is not accessible in VNC viewer in android

The reason, as @CharlesBolin explained, is likely that the VINO connection is encrypted in a way it is not understood by your android app.

If that is the case, it is enough to type in the Ubuntu client:

gsettings set org.gnome.Vino require-encryption false

(without sudo!) and restart the VNC server in order to disable the encryption on the Ubuntu server for the default VNC server shipped with Ubuntu.


Messed up my PATH environment variable and can't login to desktop

Perform below steps. It will solve your issue permanently.

Press Ctrl + Alt + F3

Enter your username.

Enter your password.

Run these commands.
echo $PATH
export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin"
source ~/.bashrc
export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin"
source ~/.profile
export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin"
sudo nano /etc/environment

It will open a file and keep only the first line PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin" and remove other path or environment variable if any.

Press Ctrl + X (to save the file).

Press Y (to confirm save changes).

Press Enter to save (to confirm changes in the current file).

Reboot with sudo reboot


Jorge Castro suggested: "you can use deb mirror to have the best mirror picked for you automatically.

apt-get now supports a 'mirror' method that will automatically select a good mirror based on your location. Putting:

deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt precise-security main restricted universe multiverse

IT WORKED FOR ME!
I added the above lines in

/etc/apt/sources.list

at the top and then I

sudo apt-get update

and then

sudo apt-get install vim

WORKS!


How can I resize and shrink a BTRFS partition?

According to this page in the btrfs wiki:

  To shrink the filesystem by 4 GiB: btrfs filesystem resize -4g /mnt or btrfsctl -r -4g /mnt Set the FS size . To set the filesystem to a specific size, omit the leading + or - from the size.

The btrfs and btrfsctl commands in Ubuntu is provided by the package called btrfs-utils, which you can install in the Software Center. You run these commands in the Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T). Replace 4g by however much you really want to shrink the partition, and /mnt by the mount point of the partition. For example, to shrink a btrfs partition mounted at /media/Alpha by 500 MiB, you  would run:

btrfs filesystem resize -500m /media/Alpha

Or:

btrfsctl -r -500m /media/Alpha

Assuming the guidelines for resizing btrfs filesystems are the same as for other filesystems, you should avoid resizing a partition that is on the same physical disk as the running system. So, if necessary, boot from a live system to resize a partition on the drive that has your installed Ubuntu system. (This applies to resizing done in GParted, too.)

If some utilities or applications don't see the results of the resizing operation when it is performed, rebooting is a good idea.

See the btrfs and btrfsctl manual pages for more details about the use of these commands. And hopefully the btrfs wiki will be back up soon.

I am not personally very familiar with btrfs filesystems, but it seems strange to me that these resize commands take the mount point of the filesystem rather than the device name.  If anyone can explain that, please comment or feel free to edit this answer to improve it.


How to cache dnscrypt-proxy with dnsmasq+resolvconf?

You should first edit the NetworkManager config file in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf and change the line that says dns=dnsmasq to dns=none. Then restart the NetworkManager service using sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.

Install dnsmasq with sudo apt update && sudo apt install dnsmasq -y.
Edit the dnsmasq config in /etc/dnsmasq.conf using your preferred editor.
Delete the whole config, and replace it with this:

listen-address=127.0.0.1
port=53
domain-needed
bogus-priv
dnssec
proxy-dnssec
strict-order
no-resolv
no-poll
server=127.0.2.1
cache-size=1000
neg-ttl=3600
dns-forward-max=150
bind-interfaces

Then, stop and disable resolvconf using sudo systemctl stop resolvconf && sudo systemctl disable resolvconf and restart and enable dnsmasq using sudo systemctl restart dnsmasq && sudo systemctl enable dnsmasq. Edit /etc/resolv.conf using your preferred editor. Change it to only have one line:

nameserver 127.0.0.1

Now, test your internet connection by pinging a web address, for example google.com. If you get a response, it means that your setup is working!


What is the password to access Juju Web UI demo?

The password to access Juju Web UI demo is ;

Password : admin


How can I remove the "GNOME desktop environment" entry from my login screen after uninstalling GNOME?

I remember reading somewhere that (sudo) deleting what you don't need from /usr/share/xsessions will clean up your login screen. While the titles of the .desktop files are quite explanatory, you could make sure by viewing their contents in a text editor. Just to be safe, copy those .desktop files elsewhere first!

See How can I use LightDM for user-defined sessions? for more.


You can run xrandr for a list of available resolutions. Here is the example output for a Laptop:

Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1366 x 768, maximum 8192 x 8192
LVDS1 connected primary 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 344mm x 194mm
   1366x768       60.0*+
   1024x768       60.0
   800x600        60.3     56.2
   640x480        59.9
VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)


When you look for keyboard layouts, have you tried to search for Bangla?

As regards IBus input methods, you may want to install the ibus-m17n package. That should make a few Bengali (not Bangla - yes, it's confusing) options available in IBus Preferences.


You should use the package manager to install programs. If you are on hardy(the last version with that package, think it was replaced by okular in later versions) you should be able to install the kghostview with this command and get all dependencies:

sudo apt-get install kghostview

Otherwise install the dependencies:

sudo apt-get install libqt3-mt kdelibs4c2a
sudo dpkg -i kghostview_3.5.10-0ubuntu1~hardy1.1_i386.deb


U should not remove file manager
But If u want to remove it

sudo apt-get install filemanager
sudo apt-get purge filemanager
sudo apt-get install nautilus-actions
sudo apt-get purge nautilus-actions


Installing package from 3d-party repository

The manpage of add-apt-repository says:

   REPOSITORY can  be  either  a  line  that  can  be  added  directly  to
   sources.list(5),  in the form ppa:<user>/<ppa-name> for adding Personal
   Package Archives, or a distribution component to enable.

   In  the   first   form,   REPOSITORY   will   just   be   appended   to
   /etc/apt/sources.list.

So, we need to use the full source line:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://repos.lpm.org.ru/kumir2/ubuntu trusty universe"


Wifi does not work ubuntu 16.04 resently upgraded

Please write the output of:

rfkill list

If your wlan0 is hard blocked, unblock it with fn+f2 button (or some other f button, which enables/disables wifi).


Mendeley Desktop processing loop on Ubuntu 18.04

Have you tried using the linux generic version of mendeley desktop? Just run the executable python binary in the bin folder and this should work before a debian version for Ubuntu 18.04 becomes available. That is what I am using.