Deja Dup fails to restore because it can't write to the directory

A solution to my problem was in a post that  said to forget duplicity and use the deja-dup command line to restore a file. That worked!
eg., deja-dup --restore /path/FILENAME
As in the post...Thanks to FEDORA


If I run named-checkzone, the way you wrote it, on your file I get a bunch of errors:

$ sudo named-checkzone mainserver.main db.mainserver.geppo.original
db.mainserver.geppo.original:11: ignoring out-of-zone data (geppubuntu.mainserver.geppo)
db.mainserver.geppo.original:13: ignoring out-of-zone data (router.mainserver.geppo)
db.mainserver.geppo.original:14: ignoring out-of-zone data (geppubuntus1.mainserver.geppo)
db.mainserver.geppo.original:15: ignoring out-of-zone data (printer.mainserver.geppo)
zone mainserver.main/IN: has no NS records
zone mainserver.main/IN: not loaded due to errors.

If I run named-checkzone, the way I think it should be run, I still get errors:

$ sudo named-checkzone mainserver.geppo db.mainserver.geppo.original
zone mainserver.geppo/IN: has no NS records
zone mainserver.geppo/IN: not loaded due to errors.

If I fix the file and then run named-checkzone, it seems O.K.:

$ sudo named-checkzone mainserver.geppo db.mainserver.geppo.doug
zone mainserver.geppo/IN: loaded serial 20160821
OK

The file, db.mainserver.geppo.doug:

$TTL    604800
@               IN      SOA mainserver.geppo. admin.mainserver.geppo. (
                20160821        ; Serial
                604800          ; Refresh
                86400           ; Retry
                2419200         ; Expire
                604800 )        ; Negative Cache TTL
                IN      A       192.168.1.129
;
@               IN      NS      geppubuntu.mainserver.geppo.
geppubuntu      IN      A       192.168.1.129

router          IN      A       192.168.1.1
geppubuntus1    IN      A       192.168.1.100
printer         IN      A       192.168.1.140


Ubuntu 14.04 installation issues on Dell poweredge 1950 using bootable USB

You need to go into the BIOS and change a setting on the usb boot option, so that the bios emulates it as a harddrive, it will then show up as C: to the installer. And when you select boot device you choose to boot from a harddrive with the name of your usb stick.


How can I configure password based access and list all shared directories?

After not being too lazy, I found what I needed. These are probably basic things for advanced users:

I couldn't access protected shares with my root username/password because I didn't add that user to samba system (it seems that it doesn't take automatically ubuntu users, and its user/pass system exists by its own which is a good thing). To add a user just use smbpasswd -a [USERNAME] and then type the new password.
For listing all local shares and their paths just access /var/lib/samba/usershares folder and there you have all configuration files for every single shared directory. Inside the file you have fields path (with the path to your local directory) and guest_ok (y/n type to permit guests) which you can edit manually.

I will not lock this topic yet, waiting for improvements from other users (if there's anyone who will read this). I just wrote this answer to help some other lost noob like me ;)


How to change what xdg-open does with ssh://user@ip liniks

For any other late comers, with more recent versions of this issue - This link was the total solution for me: https://lithostech.com/2014/04/get-ssh-protocol-links-working-in-ubuntuchromeunity/

Basically, execute the following in a shell to create and reassign the ssh handler and mime type:

xdg-mime default ssh.desktop x-scheme-handler/ssh
cat << EOF > ~/.local/share/applications/ssh.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=SSH Launcher
Exec=bash -c '(URL="%U" HOST="\${URL:6}"; ssh \$HOST); bash'
Terminal=true
Type=Application
Icon=utilities-terminal
EOF


How can I jailbreak and restore an iPhone 3G on Ubuntu?

The best option will be a virtual machine, I recomend vmware workstation, this is because y full restored a 2g iphone and ipod touch 4g with this machine.

My virtual machine is in windows 7 32bit; I tink the incompatiblility for restore a apple device is because the basic implementation of the restore procedure depend of librarys that is only for itunes

If you have a question about this you can sendme a mail to anubisapopis@me.com


Computer froze during Ubuntu install and now computer won't post and no BIOS

I don't understand what "bios never shows" means. But I'm sure, your BIOS did not change after the failed Ubuntu installation. But your MBR did. Now boot to your Windows 7 DVD, and then enter Recovery mode (not install again), wait for a while, log on to your account (enter your W7 account and then your account's password), enter "fixmbr" without quote, press enter.


How can I log my SSD's read performance over time?

Take a look at bonnie++.

You'll need to awk and grep the hell out of it to get the numbers you want to log over time, but it should be possible to echo what you want in a comma-separated-value format to a new line of a log file.

Cron that up and in six months time, import that into a spreadsheet and plot a nice graph. Or use R.

Edit: Bonnie++ actually writes a CSV as its last line of output, so that would be somewhat easier to pull into long time logs (if you can work out what the column titles are).

But Bonnie++ relies on being able to write a file (or multiple) to the filesystem and then it runs read tests against those files. People make a lot of fuss about SSD wear so this might not be optimum.


As @muru said

  ...
  you can download the util-linux package from Arch Linux and extract
  column from it.
  ...

Download the latest version here and extract the archive in a temporary folder.

tar xf util-linux-2.26.1-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz -C /tmp/util-linux-2.26.1

And copy the content of /tmp/util-linux-2.26.1/usr/ into /usr/local

cp -R /tmp/util-linux-2.26.1/usr/* /usr/local

Test with, eg.:

% column --version
column von util-linux 2.26.1

I had a problem with that, but the error can be ignored.

tar: Ignoring unknown extended header keyword 'SCHILY.fflags'
tar: Ignoring unknown extended header keyword 'SCHILY.fflags'
tar: Ignoring unknown extended header keyword 'SCHILY.fflags'
tar: Ignoring unknown extended header keyword 'SCHILY.fflags'
tar: Ignoring unknown extended header keyword 'SCHILY.fflags'
tar: Ignoring unknown extended header keyword 'SCHILY.fflags'
tar: Ignoring unknown extended header keyword 'SCHILY.fflags'
tar: Ignoring unknown extended header keyword 'SCHILY.fflags'
tar: Ignoring unknown extended header keyword 'SCHILY.fflags'


I too had the same trouble even after upgrading to 3.5.4. After some effort I found a method to freeze the Calc. Go to Tools > Customize Keyboard. In the functions category click the option view. The option to freeze windows will appear in the function category. Make a short cut key for that, for example Ctrl+3.The freeze option is activated. Hopefully we can manage with this until the bug is fixed.


I recall having a similar problem some time ago. I installed Pulseaudio Volume Controller and used that to select the HDMI output under the configuration tab. Do

sudo apt-get install pulseaudio

I'm not sure this will work but it may be worth a try!


How do I set my own pictures to change on my desktop? (like every few minutes or so?)

There are many ways of doing this, most (if not all) require installing a program and there are several to choose from. For the purpose of simplicity, I will just choose one program for you - wallch (Automatic Desktop Wallpaper Changer). You can install it with whatever package manager you so choose but here are the terminal commands.

Press ctrl-Alt-T to open your terminal

Install wallch

sudo apt-get install wallch

Once you open the program has finished installing, open it.

In the left pane, you will notice where you can specify images or directories as well as time intervals for the background changes.


Disable Secure Boot in UEFI settings. Mainline kernels are unsigned and incompatible with Secure Boot.


I was able to fix the issue by installing 'hal'. This doesn't come standard with 16.04 so you have to add a ppa:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mjblenner/ppa-hal
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install hal

Close browser and reopen.

additional information:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAL_(software)

https://helpx.adobe.com/flash-player/kb/flash-player-11-problems-playing.html


Ubuntu 13.04 not detect the HDMI sound output

I was facing the same problem. The following link helped me resolve it:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2139459&page=3&p=12621337#post12621337

In short:

Go to the ALSA Launchpad and download the package: oem-audio-hda-daily-dkms* for your distribution.
Then install it and reboot.


Setting up an Ubuntu Server 14.04 Firewall. Can it Protect multiple pc's on a local network?

Yes it's perfectly possible. The Linux kernel is great at doing it. But you'll probably need a second network card adapter on the Linux firewall.

You can set up a firewall using the iptables package or use one of the various free firewall managers like Shorewall or UFW.
or check this review

I think this could help you to learn how to setup a firewall on Linux. BTW, since routing and filtering is a Linux kernel feature, all what you can find about Linux firewalling and routing will apply, whatever distro you're using. Wikipedia should have some nice posts too.


Cannot edit my.cnf file /etc/mysql/ directory because it is a symbolic link. What can I do?

That is normal behaviour for sudoedit (see man sudoedit)

  To help prevent the editing of unauthorized files, the following restrictions are enforced unless explicitly allowed by the security policy:

             ·   Symbolic links may not be edited (version 1.8.15 and
                 higher).

You can edit the file pointed to by the symlink by calling a text editor directly, for example

sudo nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf

will follow the symlink to the file it points to and allow you to edit that file.

But it would be better to find the regular file by doing

readlink -e /etc/mysql/my.cnf

This will find the regular file pointed to by the symlink, so you can sudoedit it, leaving the symlink alone. Applications that read /etc/mysql/my.cnf will read the file it points to.


Getting system to boot in headless mode set-up without display problems

You need to do this :

go to directory :

cd /etc/X11/

cp xorg.conf xorg.bak

sudo gedit xorg.conf

Look for this section "Device" in the file, and update the file to be like this :

Section "Device"
     Identifier "Configured Device"
     Driver "vesa"
EndSection

If you dont find this section then put it at the top of the file.

Try to keep the complete file consistent.

More Details step by step guide : Running Ubuntu without monitor


How can I disable the sharing of one mouse between several X ServerLayouts?

There were additional X configuration files in /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d which interfered with the configuration in xorg.conf. I removed these files and commented out the interfering parts. It now works.


Thanks to @ChristianEhrhardt who pointed me in the right direction we managed to work out the right config here. To my surprise even defining any VLANs on the KVM host's "trunk" bridge as suggested at one of those links wasn't necessary. All we had to do was add a bridge with the KVM host's trunk interface in it:
brctl addbr br2
brctl addif br2 enp94s0f0

and then put guest's "trunk" NIC into that bridge using virt-manager GUI and then create as many subinterfaces on that guest as VLANs on that trunk. I couldn't think of anything easier than that as it seems the bridge becomes "VLAN aware" automatically somehow.


Syncronize mouse sensitivity Ubuntu 14.04/Windows 7 dual boot?

As far as I know, it is not possible to sync your mouse settings.

Your best shot is to just increase your ubuntu mouse sensitivity to match that of Windows 7's lowest and get used to it.

Sorry, I wish there was more to it but you simply can't. :(


No sound with bluetooth headset, and media freezes

I have a Divoom Voombox-outdoor, and I had similar issues. Everything playing would stop/freeze and it would not work after I connected it.

After I have searched on the internet, I have found a procedure to do when connecting and removing it. On a initial connection (and unique if the procedures after this one are always made):

connect the bluetooth speaker/headset (may be using blueman or
bluetoothctl or another equivalent);
with pavucontrol or blueman (or equivalent), turn off the bluetooth device;
disconnect the device.

Then connecting it (this time to work):

connect the bluetooth speaker/headset (may be using blueman or
bluetoothctl or another equivalent);
with pavucontrol or blueman (or equivalent), choose the option High Fidelity
Playback (A2DP Sink).

It would need to turn off the internal sound to make all programs use the bluetooth sink.

When disconnecting it:

with pavucontrol or blueman (or equivalent), turn off the sound device;
disconnect the bluetooth speaker/headset (may be using blueman or
bluetoothctl or another equivalent).

The three procedures can be done using only blueman, as on it there are options to change the audio configuration.

What may happen is forgetting to turn the device off on pavucontrol before disconnecting, which will require to do again the first procedure. This is curious, because the speaker, sometimes, turn off when that is done, as if its firmware had crashed (this is still better than Windows 10, which asks to reboot).

I use Xubuntu 16.04, so there may be differences between the programs used, but the idea is to always turn off the sink of the device from pulseaudio before disconnecting it.


Getting black screen when connected with x11vnc

If the active virtual terminal is different from that one the X server runs at (e.g. what seems to be your case: You are testing from the same computer, but your vnc viewer runs in a session on another VT than the X server you want to connect to) it does not work. (I just had similar problems, not able to VT-switch anymore but wanting to get to interact with my running X session.)
It is explained there: http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-linuxvc. Quote:

Q-108: I use Linux Virtual Terminals (VT's) to implement 'Fast User Switching' between users' sessions (e.g. Betty is on Ctrl-Alt-F7, Bobby is on Ctrl-Alt-F8, and Sid is on Ctrl-Alt-F1: they use those keystrokes to switch between their sessions.)   How come the view in a VNC viewer connecting to x11vnc is either completely black, doesn't update, or pixels messed up unless the X session x11vnc is attached to is in the active VT?
This seems to have to do with how applications (the X server processes in this case) must "play nicely" if they are not on the active VT (sometimes called VC for virtual console.) That is, they should not read from the keyboard or mouse or manage the video display unless they have the active VT. Given that it appears the XGetImage() call must ultimately retrieve the framebuffer data from the video hardware itself, it would make sense x11vnc's polling wouldn't work unless the X session had active control of the VT.
There does not seem to be an easy way to work around this. Even xwd(1) doesn't work in this case (try it.) Something would need to be done at a lower level, say in the XFree86/Xorg X server. Also, using the Shadow Framebuffer (a copy of the video framebuffer is kept in main memory) does not appear to fix the problem (last checked 2007.)
If no one is sitting at the workstation and you just want to remotely switch the VT over to the one associated with your X session (so x11vnc can poll it correctly), one can use the chvt(1) command, e.g. "chvt 7" for VT #7.


How do I get the Hotkeys working on a Lenovo IdeaPad?

A useful hotkeys trouble shooting page worth looking at is: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Hotkeys/Troubleshooting


No internet after upgrade from 16.04 to 18.04

Update 2: the bugreport was refused because I couldn't reproduce it on the already upgraded system and couldn't provide data for the developers.

Update 1: I reported the bug on launchpad. You can subscribe if you are involved:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/1816530

the ORIGIN of the solution

if the /etc/resolv.conf is empty but you can ping 8.8.8.8

$ echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" | sudo tee /etc/resolv.conf > /dev/null

if the /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head is empty then you have to repeat the command above after every restart except you do this:

$ echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" | sudo tee -a /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head > /dev/null

then you have to restart the resolvconf and the networking

$ sudo systemctl enable resolvconf
$ sudo systemctl start resolvconf
$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart


your question is not clear for me..

I guess:

1)try to find a place that runs commands on boot up..usually in /etc then just write:
(you can add commans at /home/user/.bashrc OR /etc/rc.local)

/etc/init.d/ssh start
/etc/init.d/networking start

I guess:

2)you can add ssh command connection to .bashrc with sshpass command

sshpass -p<password>

This make auto ssh connection for you.

Hope to be helpful for you


I've downloaded libjson packages manually from here:
http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/j/json-c/libjson-c2_0.11-4ubuntu2_i386.deb
http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/j/json-c/libjson0_0.11-4ubuntu2_i386.deb
And installed them using Terminal:

sudo dpkg -i libjson-c2_0.11-4ubuntu2_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i libjson0_0.11-4ubuntu2_i386.deb

Double clicking on them also does the trick :)


Ubuntu loading error terminal gives root access?

If Ubuntu is so screwed up that it cannot even get the system to run, it drops to a root terminal, to give a knowledgeable person a chance to diagnose, repair, recover, ...

The system to which the passerby has root access is a severely broken system.

Trying to perform any of the diagnose, repair, recover steps as user fred would be impossible. You couldn't even count on sudo working for fred.


Like the other answer said, the linux equivalent is this:

JAVA_HOME=/path/to/your/jdk
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin

But how will you find out the /path/to/your/jdk? (Assuming you are a noob here). For that, you will have to run this command:

which java

which is a standard linux command that gives you the full path to any file (or blank if the file isn't locatable). This will return you a path like /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_05/bin, and after removing the /bin at the end, you can take the rest of path and assign it to JAVA_HOME.

Hope that helps.


Turn off your Virtual Machine on which Ubuntu is installed and change the "Total Video Memory" to 8MB under Video card settings by clicking link Edit virtual machine settings.


How to get current gnome keyboard layout from terminal?

According to a similar question on Stackoverflow, the following should do the trick:

setxkbmap -print | grep xkb_symbols | awk '{print $4}' | awk -F"+" '{print $2}'

I did could not verify it, as I currently have no *nix machine with X available (I'm not home)...


m3u8 files are m3u files encoded in utf8.
m3u files are a text based playlist format. You can open the file with any text editor and see the that it contains a list with files to be played.
if you open the file with vlc, it has to download every single video before playing it. Vlc does not seem to preload the files, this is why the gaps occur.


GNU screen can do session sharing with the the multiuser command and the -x flag (personally I've only tried this in single user mode, so some of the below is guesswork). From the manual page, I gather UserA would have to:

Run screen
ctrl-A
:multiuser on
ctrl-A
:acladd UserB

Then UserB would have to:

 screen -x UserA/

And from then on they would share the screen. Note that the manual page also says:

  This requires setuid-root.

So this may or may not work on any given server.


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS not recognising external DVD drive

In my case I got this error because region code was not set correctly.

e.g., install and run 'regionset'

sudo apt-get install regionset
regionset

jen@suumachine:~$ regionset
regionset version 0.1 -- reads/sets region code on DVD drives
Current Region Code settings:
RPC Phase: II
type: NONE
vendor resets available: 4
user controlled changes resets available: 5
drive plays discs from region(s):, mask=0xFF

Would you like to change the region setting of your drive? [y/n]:y

type: NONE means region code is not set. In my case problem was resolved after I set regioncode. Note that the disc have to be in the drive to run regionset(!).

Before trying this you might want to check that other relevant packages are installed, most importantly libdvdcss2.

dpkg -l libdvd-pkg libdvdread4 libdvdnav4 libdvdcss2
jen@suumachine:~$ dpkg -l libdvd-pkg libdvdread4 libdvdnav4 libdvdcss2
ii  libdvd-pkg          1.4.0-1-1      all            DVD-Video playing library - installer
ii  libdvdcss2          1.4.0-1        amd64          <insert up to 60 chars description>
ii  libdvdnav4:amd64    5.0.3-1        amd64          DVD navigation library
ii  libdvdread4:amd64   5.0.3-1        amd64          library for reading DVDs

`
The first three are installed as any other package,

sudo apt-get install libdvdread4 libdvdnav4 libdvd-pkg

libdvdcss2 is downloaded as source, build and installed by libdvd-pkg. If it is not already installed try the following,

sudo dpkg-reconfigure libdvd-pkg

Lastly, you might want to check that you have read (and usually write) access on sr0,

ls -la /dev/sr0

jen@suumachine:~$ ls -la /dev/sr0 brw-rw-rw-+ 1 root cdrom 11, 0 Okt 22 18:49 /dev/sr0

These rights are usually granted to the 'cdrom' group. You would want to add your user to the 'cdrom' group.


How do I get an up/parent button in Nautilus, without using breadcrumbs?

Update 2012-01-27: An (unofficial) patch has been created to provide this functionality
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1904510

At the time the question was asked, you had two options, which I retain below for those who don't want to patch and build their own version of Nautilus.

With always-use-location-entry true, there is no button for the parent folder. You can use any of the following:

Use the menu-bar (Go->Open Parent)
Use the keyboard shortcuts (Alt+Up or Backspace)

With always-use-location-entry false, you will see breadcrumbs to show a higher level folder. To type a location, you must:

Press Ctrl+L
Use the Go->Location menu option

Regardless of which you decide to use, I would suggest giving some love and support to the bugs on both the Ubuntu project and the Gnome project:

https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=662243
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nautilus/+bug/885592


What new features does GTK+3.0 introduce?

The GTK+ 3 release notes gave the basics of it.
GTK+ 3.x will not directly change/improve themes like Ambiance, in fact, most of these themes won't work as yet, as they have to be ported.

However, you can expect to see some improvements all around as things progress with GTK+ 3.x.

*This answer is now outdated, and needs an update.


How do I install drivers for a Konica Minolta 200?

I asked Konica Minolta Tech support (in spanish) about this and they answered me with this:

https://www.dropbox.com/s/fticrycjyxlp8n2/423_Series_Linux_v10000.zip

The ppd file I must specify is KO423SX.ppd

To install, add a printer the specify an uri such as lpd://192.168.1.40/print (replacing 192.168.1.40 with your printer's ip address).
Then specify the KO423SX.ppd file as the ppd file.

Adjust settings and print. In my case it claims there's no paper in the printer but still prints correctly.


Found the problem: Nvidia driver doesn't work with the two monitors.


Why doesn't redirecting output from nginx work?

What you're observing indicates that nginx -V writes its output to the standard error stream (aka stderr - on file descriptor 2) rather than the standard output stream (aka stdout - file descriptor 1). Only stdout gets passed through the pipe | so your tr command doesn't receive it.

The 2>&1 syntax tells the shell to redirect stderr to stdout so that it then gets piped to tr. FYI the placement you have used is syntactically legal but unconventional - most often that kind of redirection would be written as

nginx -V 2>&1 | tr -- - '\n'

BTW the pipe | is really redirecting the output of the first command rather than the input of the second, which is coming from the standard input stream (stdin - file descriptor 0) as usual.


How to kill "Waiting to install" process?

Type xkill in Terminal and the cursor should turn into a "×". Place it over the malfunctioning window and click.


From my experiences dual-booting Windows and Linux on two different SATA HDDS, the Windows bootloader will always overwrite the GRUB bootloader and will never show the Linux OS. So, I install Windows first, then Linux. When the Linux installer asks for the location to install the GRUB bootloader, I point it to the Windows EFI partition. Then GRUB will find the Windows install and add it to the boot menu. This works for my particular standard configuration in which I am dual booting Windows 10 64-bit and Ubuntu 20.04. I am NOT using LVM so I can't guarantee that this method will work for you.

delta1071


I wouldn't recommend it.  Not only would you have to reboot the same machine you're developing with (interrupting your work flow), but you might accidentally build a kernel that is missing some hardware drivers your laptop uses.

If you do that, you can hold down Shift during boot to get the grub menu and boot an official kernel instead of your custom one.  So you won't ruin anything.

But I'd recommend instead using a virtual machine like VirtualBox or kvm to boot your kernel inside a safe fake machine.


The gstreamer element audioresample is part of the base-plugins for the gstreamer packages.

This should be installed by default.

If you have deliberately decided to restrict the number of packages in your install or you have other packaging issues, audioresample should be provided by:

sudo apt-get install gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gstreamer1.0-plugins-base


I think (through google) that mac mouse have got different button mapping and so it is may be a layer for abstracting user from having problems using mac mouse. I also find it interesting that almost all problem I have googled mentioning it have something to do with synaptic pads. Since I have never used mac and not for sure hardware/driver maverick, this remain unconfirmed. I will confirm it once I have something solid or somebody else does!


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS can't find my printer anymore

After much trying to fix it I ended up removing HPlip 3-16-7 from my computer and reinstalled the older HPlip 3.15.2-2 and my printer started working again.


Either use a PPA or compile it yourself:

Installation by a PPA (Upgrade to 3.2)

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:george-edison55/cmake-3.x
sudo apt-get update

When cmake is not yet installed:

sudo apt-get install cmake

When cmake is already installed:

sudo apt-get upgrade

Compile it yourself

Currently, the latest version is 3.2.2, the following instructions based on this version. You should therefore check this URL and adjust the file name accordingly.

sudo apt-get install build-essential
wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.2/cmake-3.2.2.tar.gz
tar xf cmake-3.2.2.tar.gz
cd cmake-3.2.2
./configure
make

Now you can have to choose an installation type to decide, I recommend installing with checkinstall, as this creates a DEB package.

With checkinstall

sudo apt-get install checkinstall
sudo checkinstall

With make install

sudo make install


The mlabel command is provided by the mtools package as you can see from http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?suite=trusty&arch=any&mode=exactfilename&searchon=contents&keywords=mlabel. Therefore, you should install mtools instead:

sudo apt-get install mtools


Unable to tether iphone's personal wireless hotspot on 13.10

For future visitors, the following package seems to solve my problem. The strange thing is, it never asked for a password (which does happen in windows) so might be a security issue for Apple in the future. (I tested it by switching off wifi to make sure I am using the 3G connection.)

check this.


Do not display launcher when moving desktop icons

The only way of doing what you want to do is to not make the launcher disappear while dragging and dropping icons right next to the launcher.

Dragging and dropping icons below the position of the launcher cannot be done in Unity, that's hard-coded behaviour.


Encypting your folder is the best way for you to hide.

Encrypting folders and files is a way to protect them from unwanted access. Encrypting File System (EFS) is a feature of Windows that you can use to store information on your hard disk in an encrypted format. Encryption is the strongest protection that Windows provides to help you keep your information secure.

To do it (on windows):

1.Right-click the folder or file you want to encrypt, and then click Properties.

2.Click the General tab, and then click Advanced.

3.Select the Encrypt contents to secure data check box, click OK, and then click OK again.

Source


Can no longer position windows with keyboard (Compiz Grid feature broken)

Turns out issue was caused by a combination of factors:

Compiz (at least its grid component) requires Ubuntu 3D desktop (if you run $ echo $DESKTOP_SESSION inside a terminal and get ubuntu 2d it means you're not running the 3d desktop).
I couldn't run the 3d desktop because my Nvidia card was not being properly supported with the default drivers (which I solved by installing the BumbleBee drivers).


Random freezes in Ubuntu 16.04 on Dell Inspiron 11 3147

I have similar freezes with ssd samsung 850 pro.

Some SSDs are blacklisted as they dont work with linux.

Samsung seem to be in the blacklist.

I too am disappointed. The thought of using a spindle drive.... yuk!

You can search for blacklisted SSDs and try and buy one thats not in the list as an alternate?

I tried putting in the following

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

then modifying this line to result in this line

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="libata.force=noncq"

then updated the grub loader via

sudo update-grub2

However that didnt always fix the problem. The first time I installed it was fine and then on reboot froze now and again.


You can use the environment variable HOME. It stores the absolute path to the current user's home folder.

Here's how you can use it:

Exec=/bin/sh -c '$HOME/.local/X'

It's very important putting the $ before HOME so it's read as a variable. Also do not forget write HOME in capital letters only.


how to create a script to automatically load a specific xorg.conf file?

You would have to reload lightdm after changing xorg.conf file,
that means all open windows will close, so keep that in mind when running the script.

#!/bin/bash
cp /your/xorg/file.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf
service lightdm restart

Save one version for each /your/xorg/file.conf location and run accordingly.

Edit: Don't forget to run as root!


Some of my favorite resolutions have disappeared from the "Display" tool in Unity

I'd suggest that you wiggle that monitor cable where it enters the monitor and where it is connected to the computer. Also look at the connector pins. If that fails you might try borrowing another from someone else.

There are contacts in the cable that connect the monitor to the video of your computer that communicate digitally EDID information. That information tells the operating system what constraints the monitor has on how fast it can refresh horizontally and vertically, how fast bit data can be clocked to it, and so on. It also suggests a good resolution it can handle well. It is sent in several blocks.

If a pin has been bent in a connector, or a wire has busted that information may not make it and the video drivers will only do very conservative resolutions.

You may find additional information in /var/log/Xorg.0.log looking for the string "EDID".


How to install suggested package after installation main package?

Why?

Developers are human and are lazy.  Instead of creating a separate package manifest for each version/distribution/package list of their DEB file, they just use one master one. The suggested packages are part of this developer-declared manifest. They are just too lazy and/or overworked to update this.

The package was removed from another repo, so it no longer exists in reality, but the manifest still calls to it. Install a similar/replacement package instead.

How?

In your case, you are trying to install Flash. Run and restart browser:

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer


Installing 'requests' using easy_install

I just ran the same commands as you, and didn't produce the same error.

$ sudo easy_install requests
Searching for requests
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/requests/
Best match: requests 2.0.0
Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/r/requests/requests-2.0.0.tar.gz#md5=856fc825c17483e25fd55db115028e3f
Processing requests-2.0.0.tar.gz
Writing /tmp/easy_install-8vDXEw/requests-2.0.0/setup.cfg
Running requests-2.0.0/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-8vDXEw/requests-2.0.0/egg-dist-tmp-HTUm16
Adding requests 2.0.0 to easy-install.pth file

Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/requests-2.0.0-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for requests
Finished processing dependencies for requests

$ pip install requests
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): requests in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/requests-2.0.0-py2.7.egg
Cleaning up...

I will have to check what the log says, but as you see pip works just fine. You may need to reinstall pip:

sudo apt-get --purge autoremove pip
sudo apt-get install pip


Trouble Installing Driver for BCM43228 802.11a/b/g/n on ThinkPad X131e

The bcmwl-kernel-source package (For Broadcom STA Drivers) before 12.10 sometimes does not install the Linux Headers which gives an installation error if doing it via Additional Hardware or Jockey

So install the following packages using,

sudo apt-get install linux-libc-dev libc6-dev linux-headers-generic linux-headers-$(uname -r)

then reinstall bcmwl-kernel-source

sudo apt-get install --reinstall bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo modprobe wl

Also can have a read here - How do I get my BCM43228 card working in mainline kernel 3.4 or higher?  --> But this should not be the cause.

More details answer on all broadcom device - https://askubuntu.com/a/60395/35775


In 12.04, you can install GOCR from packages (sudo apt-get install gocr or from software center). The prepared sources are also available:

apt-get source gocr
cd gocr-0.49
dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot
cd ..
sudo dpkg -i gocr_0.49-1_*.deb

(If you don't have dpkg-buildpackage you can install it: sudo apt-get install build-essential)

If you need to build from non-Ubuntu source, typically it is easier and safer to install software in your home directory and set up paths correctly, like:

cd gocr-0.49
./configure --prefix=${HOME}
make all install
export PATH=${PATH}:${HOME}/bin
gocr

Other software may require setting up LD_LIBRARY_PATH, PYTHONPATH, and so on.


Can't find drivers for EW-7811UAC on Ubuntu 16.10. Realtek rtl8812AU

The Edimax driver to too old to run with Ubuntu 16.10. You need an updated driver. Here are two recommendations...

https://github.com/diederikdehaas/rtl8812AU

https://github.com/abperiasamy/rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux


Loop trough all folders recursively end execute make command when Makefile present

Using find:

find /home/work -type f -name Makefile -execdir make install \;

find recursively searches /home/work for files (-type f) named Makefile (-name Makefile) and runs make install in the directory where the file was found (-execdir make install \;).

Alternatively, if you're using bash, enable ** (which is recursive):

shopt -s extglob

Then do:

for f in /home/work/**/;
do
     [[ -f $f/Makefile ]] && echo Entering into "$f" && make -C "$f" install
done

With a trailing slash after the wildcard, bash will only select directories, so you can eliminate that check. And make has an option to change directories before starting: -C. So, we can avoid the cd as well:

-C dir, --directory=dir
    Change  to  directory  dir  before  reading the makefiles or doing
    anything else.  If multiple -C  options  are  specified,  each  is
    interpreted  relative  to  the  previous  one:  -C  /  -C  etc  is
    equivalent to -C /etc.  This  is  typically  used  with  recursive
    invocations of make.


Are you using a different port than default?

My guess is that fail2ban reads /etc/services and in that file your ssh is listed as 22.


Mouse on Ubuntu 20.04 on Raspberry Pi 4 isn't working

Did you follow the Canonical tutorial on how to install Ubuntu on Raspberry Pi?
Look here
It basically comes down to this:

First you flash Ubuntu server to an SD Card using the Pi Imager tool
Then you configure network if necessary
You boot up, and install a desktop if you want to (you have several options to choose from)

As long as you haven't installed a desktop, you only have the terminal display and no GUI, hence no use for a mouse.


Transmission continues downloading even after Paused

The BitTorrent protocol splits each file into lots of tiny pieces, each of which may be downloaded (or uploaded) from (or to) a different peer.
Each BT client maintains a queue of the pieces which are in download (or upload) progress at any given time.
When you "pause" a file, Transmission will still complete downloading (or uploading) the pieces which are in progress at that time.
This behavior is easily noticeable for large files because their pieces are larger and may take a few seconds (or more) to complete.
If you prevent this -- most commonly by force-quitting/killing the client -- the file you are downloading is left in an inconsistent state, resulting in an expensive (in terms of disk activity + time) hash recheck when you next resume the file.


Hey I was stuck on this,
I'm not precisely sure but I passed by this by downloading:

Downloading: python-mysql.connector
run : sudo dpkg -i python-mysql.connector_2.1.6-1_all.deb
apt-get install cloudstack-management
it gave errors and suggested me to run: sudo apt- --fix-broken install
This showed :

Setting up python-mysql.connector (2.1.6-1) ...

then I ran: apt-get install cloudstack-management again
Install was now going as planned.

so. yeah, hope this helps.


Black window after system reboot Ubuntu 20

A hard reset can sometimes break a system quite badly and damage the file system. You managed to bring your system back to life, but that does not ensure that all damage is repaired.
The most secure way to revert to an integer system would be to fully reinstall, i.e., back up user data, reinstall fresh and put the data back. Second possibility, less sure, it to reinstall a system (should be the same version!) however without reformatting: that refreshes the system files, but keeps the configuration data intact. Such install can be done by selecting "Something else" in the installer. Then you manually assign the partitions the same way they are assigned now, but you make sure that the "Format" checkbox remains unchecked.
Some advice

If you are unsure about the technicalities, just go for a fresh install: that is fundamentally the only secure option to rescue a file system damaged by a power outage, and it is, technically, the easiest.
Next time you have a hard lock, keep a hard reset for the last. First try if you can get to a virtual console (Alt+Ctrl+F3 or higher). poweroff or sudo poweroff from there. In second order, try the famous reisub key sequence. This procedure gives messages to the kernel, among others to write all caches to the disk and close the disk.


Can Lubuntu's "lxsession-edit" (Desktop Session Settings) add new programs at startup or just remove them?

Silly as it seems, this application cannot add, but only remove startup programs.


Well it seemed to be a problem with the default mirror "http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu" that is set in setting tab of maas gui (As was pointed out in here). When I changed it to a different mirror address it got to internet but it was too slow that maas gui displayed "failed commissioning" under node's status. Selecting other mirrors was of no use. So I thought maybe it had something to do with my Internet connection and tested it by downloading a relatively large file from the same domain I had used as a mirror address and to my amazement it went quite fast!
I'm really puzzled and dont know what to do next. Please help. Thank you in advance.


There should be a .log file in the directory mentioned in the error message.

Alternatively this should pull it out too:

lxc info NAME --show-log

In the past, the most frequent source of this error was a system where liblxc1 was out of date, so you may want to triple check that everything's up to date and also mention what version of LXD you're running.

As far as I'm aware, the current Ubuntu 15.10 kernel (4.2) works fine with LXD, so you may want to get back to the latest and we can then debug from there.


It works fine but after a while internet stops working.

Please try disabling power saving in Network Manager. From the terminal:

sudo sed -i 's/3/2/' /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/*
sudo service network-manager restart

Any improvement?

EDIT: Be certain that you have the latest possible firmware. Please open a terminal and do:

cd /tmp
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-firmware/linux-firmware_1.169.3_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

Reboot and tell us if there is any improvement.


how to accelerate intel on board graphics card?

60 fps sounds like the monitor refresh rate.  Before you decide that you're not getting hardware acceleration, try this:

vblank_mode=0 glxgears

...you might be pleasantly surprised by the results.

See also https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17196117/disable-vertical-sync-for-glxgears.


Ubuntu 18.04 crashes on resuming from suspend

I have experienced the same issue with an HP Pavilion 11 x360.
The kern.log suggests that it thinks it has gone into suspend - PM: suspend entry (deep) - but the system seizes up at that point and there are then no further entries until you shutdown and reboot.
A 'successful suspend' would have futher entries PM: Syncing filesystems ... done., Freezing user space processes... etc
The screen goes blank but the power LED stays on (as does the fan if it is already running) and a hard reset (holding down the power button) is required to be able use the machine again.
Even using an 18.04 live USB results in the same suspend problem, which suggests it isn't because of any additonal programs I have installed.
Three other different laptops (friend's and my own) have no issues with suspend on 18.04, leading me to wonder what specific hardware combination causes this to occur.
All the laptops (including the 'problem child') have intel graphics.
The 'problem laptop' suspends fine with Ubuntu 17.10, Kubuntu 17.10, Devuan Jessie, Devuan ASCII and Windows 10 but fails to suspend with Ubuntu 18.04 and Kubuntu 18.04.
(Initially the suspend problem also occured when trying to use kernels 4.15, 4.16 and 4.17, but the more recent 4.17 and 4.18 kernels have an update that has allowed suspend to work again on this machine)
Using UKUU to install the most recent 4.14 kernel (4.14.47) on 18.04 fixed the problem. (The accepted answer by Matalak) - would now recommend trying a recent 4.17 or 4.18 kernel.

Edit - Please take a look at the steps here to see if any other fixes might resolve your issue first: Ubuntu 18.04 - Dell XPS13 9370 no longer suspends on lid close

I had trouble finding a bug report about suspend causing a completely unresponsive system on 18.04, which suggested that it was not affecting a large proportion of users.
Although it's good that it wasn't affecting a vast number of users, it can make it more difficult to find out where the issue lies if only a handful of people are experiencing problems with their specific hardware setup.

Edit - A bug report has been opened, the likely culprit appears to have been identified and a patched version of the 4.15 kernel was put together to resolve the suspend issue - the patch is now in the more recent 4.17 and 4.18 kernels https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1774950
Further Edit - As of 11th September 2018 the standard system update kernel (4.15.0-34) now has the patch, which has been backported by those kindly developers and suspend works again as it should on the problem laptop with the Intel N3540. Much praise to their work!

Just to be clear though, it's an issue with trying to suspend your machine on 18.04 where the screen goes blank (but it clearly hasn't gone into 'suspend') and then doesn't react to anything else except holding down the power button to shut it down.


What are CVE security updates and who issues them?

"CVE" stands for "Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures". It is an industry standard for the notation, especially for the naming, of security vulnerabilities. The list of CVEs ist maintained by the MITRE Corporation. This non-profit company has been branched of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as a service for US research institutions. For more information, see CVE and MITRE Corporation on Wikipedia.


To fix this, I've create a new partition in the Installation as EFI, so

I ended up with:

1) EFI Drive Partition of 32GB

2) Empty EXT4 Partition for Ubuntu

3) NTFS backup of Windows Files

this allowed me to not only install Ubuntu without errors, but directly boot to Ubuntu.


How to fix black screen of Ubuntu after I on my laptop?

You have a few options depending on your skill set.

If the other options fail you may reinstall. It'll fix it all.
This method will take some skill but you seem to have skill so... Hit ctrl+alt+F1 when you're at the black screen. This should get you a login prompt. Login. Using Vi, Vim or whatever sudo Vi /etc/X11/xorg.conf   and just delete your latest entry. That ought to fix it.


Thunar doesn't show any RabbitVCS emblems

Did you do this . It says "If you are using the Xubuntu distro, then you probably only have Thunar installed (without Nautilus). Besides rabbitvcs-thunar and rabbitvcs-cli, you also need to install an extra package".

Worked very well for me :)


No application to launch when plugging in ipod

First try to set your preferred application for the media player in System->Preferences->Preferred applications:

If you don't have banshee in your list, select custom and add command /usr/bin/banshee.
And if that doesn't work you can try also with File manager preferences:

Where I have set "Ask what to do", try to set as banshee

old: THIS might help as this happend before.


You are providing absolute paths in your exclude list.

With rsync, all exclude (or include!) paths beginning with / are are anchored to the "root of transfer".

The root of transfer in this case is /home/chris. If you did:

rsync -Paz --exclude-from 'rsync-exclude.txt' / admin@192.168.1.65:

...then your exclusions should work (but you'd be copying everything else on that filesystem!).

But since you're just trying to sync your home directory, and there is no subdirectory of /home/chris named "home/chris/Downloads", rsync finds nothing that matches.

So try removing the /home/chris parts from your rsync-exclude.txt file.

Actually, you should just need a single line in the file:

/Downloads

Note that if you don't specify the leading /, and you happen to have other directories named "Downloads", those would also be excluded. I'm assuming you only want to exclude your "top-level" (relative to the source directory, aka the "root of transfer") Downloads directory, so you'll want the leading /.

THE EASIEST WAY (to exclude only a few paths)

If you only need to exclude one directory, just do this (avoiding a separate file):

rsync -Paz --exclude /Downloads /home/chris/ admin@192.168.1.65:LinuxHome

You can also chain together --exclude tags, like so:

rsync -Paz --exclude /Downloads --exclude '/Something Else' --exclude .hiddenFile /home/chris/ admin@192.168.1.65:LinuxHome

Note that since there's no slash, that one will exclude .hiddenFile from any every directory it copies!

But if you have more than a few exclusions, you're better off with --exclude-from and a file.

Note

I see that you got it right, but those new to rsync should note the slash at the end of /home/chris/

To quote the rsync man page, "You can think of a trailing / on a source as meaning 'copy the contents of this directory' as opposed to 'copy the directory by name'."

So if you left off that trailing slash, you would end up with a directory called chris within the target directory, containing everything from /home/chris (except the original Downloads directory, of course!).


Permanently mounting Windows' NTFS partition, fully enabled

Is there any reason that you need to work directly on the Windows partition?

NTFS really isn't a good file system to be working on. I'd recommend using an EXT3 or EXT4 file system for your vital work as these are more reliable. If you don't have enough space on your Ubuntu partition, you could boot Windows and shrink its partition then use gparted to create an extra EXT partition to work on.

How can I create a new partition with mountpoint by splitting an existing partition?


Ubuntu 18.04.1 & Windows 10 dual boot installation issue

You normally have something like "Something else" where you can install Ubuntu on a specific partition.

If it's not the case can you take a screenshot ?

I hope that will help you!


How can I limit the number of open AF_INET sockets?

You can limit the number of connections at once by using iptables & the connlimit module.

From the iptables man page:

# allow 2 telnet connections per client host
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --syn --dport 23 -m connlimit --connlimit-above 2 -j REJECT

# you can also match the other way around:
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --syn --dport 23 -m connlimit ! --connlimit-above 2 -j ACCEPT

# limit the number of parallel HTTP requests to 16 per class C sized network (24 bit netmask)
iptables -p tcp --syn --dport 80 -m connlimit --connlimit-above 16 --connlimit-mask 24 -j REJECT

# limit the number of parallel HTTP requests to 16 for the link local network
(ipv6) ip6tables -p tcp --syn --dport 80 -s fe80::/64 -m connlimit --connlimit-above 16 --connlimit-mask 64 -j REJECT


Where to put the string in order to shorten my command line (bash) prompt in bash_profile in ubuntu 16.04?

Put it in .bashrc in your home directory. The file should already exist, you can just add this to the end. Don't use .bash_profile for this. .bash_profile is loaded by login shells, and the terminal usually does not start login shells.


You don't need to do this to install Nvidia driver.

Anyway, if you really want to do this, go in tty1 by typing Ctrl+Alt+F1 and run the following command:

sudo service lightdm stop

To start it again:

sudo service lightdm start


run apache on specific 192.168.1.x host , using local host dns

You cannot bind to addresses which are not assigned to an active network interface.

If you want a virtual host, that is done with names, not addresses. In ports.conf you would leave the Listen value to the default, so it listens on all active interfaces. Then, in the enabled site config, you would use <VirtualHost www.mywebsite.com:80>, with your DNS server configured to resolve www.mywebsite.com to your network interface's assigned IP.


The file is set immutable.

To remove that flag, run:

sudo chattr -i RARBG.COM.mp4

OR login as su first, then run chattr (without sudo)

sudo -i
chattr -i RARBG.COM.mp4

Then you can delete the file.

See what all the other flags of that file mean: https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/chattr.1.html#ATTRIBUTES


Why will 20.04 fossa not find my Star Lite laptop's integrated camera?

Somehow, during the downloading process, some old 18.04 files were not deleted or updated, so old and new settings had been in competition. In the midst of all this, BIOS settings were interfered with.
Solution: go to BIOS settings, revert to default settings and save.


Try this:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-gnome-desktop


an error occurred while mounting /boot/efi

Type the following commands:

grep efi /etc/fstab
sudo blkid | grep fat

The first command will return information on the EFI System Partition (ESP), as recorded in your /etc/fstab file, which controls automatically-mounted partitions. The second command returns information on all FAT partitions on your computer. The ESP is supposed to be a FAT partition, so you should see some correlations. For instance, here's what I get when I issue these commands on one of my systems:

$ grep efi /etc/fstab
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=502D-EB63  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults        0       1
$ sudo blkid | grep fat
/dev/sda2: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL="ESP_FAT16" UUID="502D-EB63" TYPE="vfat"

Note that some systems might return information on two or more FAT partitions from blkid. In such cases, you'll need to figure out which one is your ESP by examining the partition table with gdisk, parted, GParted, or some other partitioning tool. There may be other complications, too, on some systems.

From here, you can look for problems. Pay particular attention to the UUID= values in both outputs. If they don't match, that's the source of the problem. If this is the case, editing /etc/fstab so that it refers to the ESP by its correct filesystem "UUID" (really just a serial number for FAT) should get things working.

Another possible problem won't show up as a discrepancy in the analysis you've just performed, since it's a matter of a filesystem needing repair. You can do this with the dosfsck utility:

sudo dosfsck /dev/sda2

You must pass it the device filename associated with the ESP -- /dev/sda2 in this example, as revealed by the blkid output. After making this repair, the problem should go away, with the caveat that very serious filesystem damage may require more drastic measures, such as backing up the ESP, creating a fresh FAT filesystem on the partition, restoring the data, and adjusting /etc/fstab to use the new "UUID" value.

One more point along these lines: If you're dual-booting with Windows 8, it includes a "fast startup" feature that is basically just a suspend-to-disk feature. Sharing partitions between Windows and Linux with this feature active is almost certain to lead to problems, and I've heard of the ESP being affected by this. Thus, if you're dual-booting with Windows 8, you should disable the fast startup feature. This page describes how to do this in detail.


Ubuntu GNOME Software Centre global light theme makes selected item unreadable. How to fix?

You could try this, and enter this from the terminal:

 dconf replace -f /org/compiz
 unity --reset-icon &disown
 sudo dkms-reconfigure unity

and it might work fine this way.


Strange noise are comming from the speakers when I play audio

Lazy resolutions

If you consider that there might be a software issue you might be safe to reinstall the audio driver.
As a reference on how to do it you might be safe to follow How to reinstall audio driver?

Quote #3

  The best thing to do would be to remove alsa and reinstall it. The same thing happened to me when I switched mobos and this fixed it.

  (1) Remove the ALSA packages

  sudo apt-get --purge remove linux-sound-base alsa-base alsa-utils

  (2) Reinstall the same packages

  sudo apt-get install linux-sound-base alsa-base alsa-utils

  Packages gdm and ubuntu-desktop are also removed in this process if
  you are using Gnome. They need to be reinstalled:

  sudo apt-get install gdm ubuntu-desktop

  If you are using xubuntu this will also happen to you

  sudo apt-get install gdm xubuntu-desktop

  (3) Reboot.

Right direction

While this might not be the answer you are looking for be sure the cables and internal wires are all connected properly and try different headphones. As a test you can run in console :

sound-test -c2 -t wav

From the man page of sound-test:

SPEAKER-TEST(1)                                General Commands Manual                                SPEAKER-TEST(1)

NAME
       speaker-test - command-line speaker test tone generator for ALSA

SYNOPSIS
       speaker-test [-options]

DESCRIPTION
       speaker-test generates a tone that can be used to test the speakers of a computer.

       speaker-test  by  default will test the default device. If you want to test another sound device you will have
       first to get a list of all of the sound cards in your system and the  devices  associated  with  those  cards.
       Notice  that  there  might be for example, one device for analog sound, one for digital sound and one for HDMI
       sound.  To get the list of available cards and devices you can run aplay -L.

So each command means
-c2:

-c | --channels NUM
              NUM channels in stream

-t wav:

-t | --test pink|sine|wav
              -t pink means use pink noise (default).

              Pink noise is perceptually uniform noise -- that is, it sounds like every frequency at  once.   If  you
              can hear any tone it may indicate resonances in your speaker system or room.

              -t sine means to use sine wave.

              -t wav means to play WAV files, either pre-defined files or given via -w option.

              You can pass the number from 1 to 3 as a backward compatibility.

More information on how regarding the sound troubleshooting you can find at

Troubleshooting Linux Sound | troubleshooters


Installing Hashcat with Intel Celeron CPU N2840 @ 2.16GHz

I encountered this error while creating a tutorial on how to install hashcat on Ubuntu 18.04; I've included the instructions below for Installing OpenCL™ Runtimes for Intel® Processors- feel free to review my full gist on GitHub.  Hope that helps!

Installing OpenCL™ Runtimes for Intel® Processors

Installing OpenCL™ Runtimes for Intel® Processors - Option A (Recommended)

Check your CPU system processor architecture by running sudo lscpu to identify the class of CPU e.g. "Intel (R) Core (TM) i7-7700 CPU @ 3.60Ghz"- alternatively, you can go to Settings > Details which will also reveal the CPU-family (e.g. Intel (R) HD Graphics 630 (Kaby Lake GT2)).
Go to the Intel Developer Zone and scroll down to the corresponding download link for your system; assuming you're running Ubuntu 18.04 and have a Intel Core-class CPU, scroll down to "Linux* OS Ubuntu* 16.04.x (deb)" and click on the Github link for 18.46.11837 Runtimes to access the runtime-packages to download.
There should be instructions within the aforementioned Github repo- or you can proceed with the following in the next steps.
cd ~/Desktop
mkdir neo
cd neo
sudo wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/18.46.11837/intel-gmmlib_18.4.0.348_amd64.deb
wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/18.46.11837/intel-igc-core_18.44.1060_amd64.deb
wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/18.46.11837/intel-igc-opencl_18.44.1060_amd64.deb
wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/18.46.11837/intel-opencl_18.46.11837_amd64.deb
Install the packages by running sudo dpkg -i *.deb.
Restart the system by running sudo reboot.

Installing OpenCL™ Runtimes for Intel® Processors - Option B

Go to Intel OpenCL Runtimes website and scroll down to the bottom of the page to Download Intel CPU Runtime for OpenCL Applications 18.1 for LINUX OS (64-bit only).
After downloading the OpenCL Runtimes for Intel Processors, cd ~/Downloads
Run sudo tar -xzf l_opencl_p_18.1.0.013.tgz to unpack the tgz file- please note, the OpenCL file version may update since the time as of this gist (ie as of this gist, the version is 18.1.0.013.)
cd l_opencl_p_18.1.0.013
Run sudo ./install.sh
A welcome screen is prompted- hold-down the "Enter" key until able to input select "2" for "I do NOT consent to the collection of my Information"
Hit "1"
Hit "1"
Hit "Enter" and then restart the computer.
If any additional Intel OpenCL errors are encountered after testing hashcat, go to section 'Installing OpenCL™ Runtimes for Intel® Processors - B'- if not, proceed with section "Testing Hashcat"


In addition to NeoTheThird's answer:

Ubuntu does not use ~/.bash_profile by default. You should use ~/.profile instead.

The path you should use is /home/john/Desktop/myscraper, though /home/john/Desktop/myscraper/ would also work. Paths that don't start with slashes are relative, not absolute, so will not work unless the working directory is /. More details here on Wikipedia.

You can put the definition and export statements together, and if PYTHONPATH is not already defined, you can leave off the $PYTHONPATH: at the start.

export PYTHONPATH=/home/john/Desktop/myscraper


How can I combine find command with gzip

I'm assuming that what you want to do is create a gzipped tar archive containing all the files the find command locates (as opposed to separately gzip each of those files).

There are several issues with the above command:

gzip -l accepts an existing archive and prints the contents
gzip by itself does not produce tar archives (a container for multiple files), but just compresses each file individually

What you probably want is something like:

find [conditions] -print0 | xargs -0 tar -zcf filesystem.tar.gz


@Søren gave an important link that is very close but not exactly the same:

Cannot enter phpmyadmin as root (MySQL 5.7)

The answer is:  root user can not log in at phpmyadmin interface, so root privileges must be given to another user (ex phpmyadmin user).

The actual answer that worked was not marked as correct on that page.  It was given by @Hemamalini and it is:

CREATE USER 'phpmyadmin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'some_pass';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'phpmyadmin'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Tested on Ubuntu 18.04 PHP 7.2 PHPMyAdmin 4.6.6


Ubuntu 20.04 does not recognize my WiFi card

This is now resolved.  Following the successful upgrade to 20.04, in my frustration with the lack of network, I re-booted into 20.04.  No joy.  Rebooted again into 20.04.  No joy.  Re-booted into 18.04.  No joy.  Rebooted into 20.04.  Bingo!  Since then, after three successful daily re-boots, I have had no further problem.


You can use preseeding to manage this. The example preseed file contains most settings available along with comments describing their use. You can use local mirrors. The official documentation on the matter is detailed enough that I'm not sure if I should go about rewriting it here.


DKMS Build Issue with Kernel (4.15.0-20-generic)

See my question and answer at dkms drivers for rtl8812au & rtl8814au network dongles fail to build on 17.10 (kernel 4.13)

Get the newest rtl8812au driver that's compatible with 18.04 at:

sudo git clone https://github.com/zebulon2/rtl8812au-driver-5.2.20.git


Thanks to Ginnungagap for the answer that solved it for me: Ctrl-alt-del
Restarted my computer and it started up without any issues.


intel HD graphics: games only show part of the screen

I've had similar problems with my games under linux like that. I also use intel graphics.

I never had to do anything special really to get them working. Try fiddling with the display settings of the games, running in windowed, then trying fullscreen on the next launch. Most of my issues seemed to fix themselves at that point.


What program is good for designing a poster?

I'do go for    inkscape

It's vector-based and i've used it quite a few times. I think it's a very good option.

It's help is also very good, as it has many tutorials in order to learn how to use it (you can access them through: Help > Tutorials)


Have you checked your laptop if it can boot from USB? Go to this link to test if your laptop can boot from USB.


Two Ubuntu versions on the same computer

If you do this, you'll run in to kernel management complexity.  It's much easier to try the live version or try the later version in a VM.

If you really MUST have them both installed, I'ld install them on separate disks with grub installs to mbr on both.  Then you can specify which disk each os_prober should search with an edit like this.

Finally, you can choose which disk to boot at your bios screen.

It keeps the whole process dead simple.


Solution without Udev Rules

There is a chance that video4linux has already provided you with stable device names. You may want to check the directories /dev/v4l/by-id/ and /dev/v4l/by-path/ for this. Connect your devices to different USB ports and compare the created device names to make sure that they are really stable.

Solution with Udev Rules

Otherwise it depends on whether your two seemingly identical devices do at least have a different serial number which is accessible by udev. You can find this out by using the correct “Bus” and “Device” number from your lsusb output in the following command:

udevadm info --attribute-walk /dev/bus/usb/003/005

If there is some kind of output like the following in the first block of key/value pairs and the serial is different between the two devices, then you may use that in your udev rules:

  ATTR{serial}=="68974689267119892"

Your udev rules could then look like this:

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{serial}=="68974689267119892", ATTR{idVendor}=="1871", ATTR{idProduct}=="0101", NAME="video10"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{serial}=="12345698798725654", ATTR{idVendor}=="1871", ATTR{idProduct}=="0101", NAME="video11"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="046d", ATTR{idProduct}=="0807", NAME="video12"

If there is no serial (or similar unique) number, then I only see the following possibility: you would have to make sure that your devices always remain connected at the same USB ports. In that case you could use rules like these:

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", KERNEL=="2-3", ATTR{idVendor}=="1871", ATTR{idProduct}=="0101", NAME="video10"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", KERNEL=="2-4", ATTR{idVendor}=="1871", ATTR{idProduct}=="0101", NAME="video11"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", KERNEL=="2-2", ATTR{idVendor}=="046d", ATTR{idProduct}=="0807", NAME="video12"

You would have to find out which KERNEL IDs to use by again running the udevadm command mentioned above and looking for the KERNEL key/value pair.

Minor Notes

It may be nicer/better to only create new symlinks instead of new device names, and maybe even grouping them under a common directory:

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", KERNEL=="2-3", ATTR{idVendor}=="1871", ATTR{idProduct}=="0101", SYMLINK+="foo/video10"

The previous rule, for example, would create a device symlink at /dev/foo/video10.

I would probably also simply name the rules file name-video-devices.rules, i.e., leaving the leading number out. It probably doesn’t matter when the rules are executed, so no need to use a (rather high) priority of 25.


will ubuntu work on my ancient,pre-Pentium PowerMac G4 tower?

Go to the Ubuntu PowerPC FAQ. If you understand it, great. If you don't...

Installing Ubuntu on a Power Mac G4 is a very technical process. Ask a computer geek to help you.
(Ironically, I'm writing this on a Power Mac G4 with Ubuntu.)

EDIT: Try out TenFourFox and TenFourBird!


Local user logging when centrify express installed

Centrify adds local user to the domain automatically.

There was add ignore user group. so now i am able to login.

We use centrify to add Ubuntu desktop in our windows domain, Centrify by default adds a local user as a domain user.

So we need put your user in the ignore user list so that we can log in with local user.

cd /etc/centrifydc

There you will file call "user.ignore:

File content below.

#
# user.ignore (Debian)
#
# Speed up lookups for common users who we know aren't in AD
#
# These values are controlled via group policy under
#   CentrifyDC Settings->Login Settings->Users to Ignore (Lookup)
#
# The syntax is
#
# user_name
#
root
bin
daemon
sys
sync
games
man
lp
mail
news
uucp
proxy
www-data
backup
list
irc
gnats
nobody
Debian-exim
telnetd
sshd
identd
Abc          #---------------------------------my local user. Change this to your username

After that i was able to log in with local user also.


How can I setup my touchpad multi-finger tapping functionality?

This can be done using synclient.

To do this per-session (and to test that it's working correctly on your system), type into a terminal the following commands:

synclient "TapButton2"=2
synclient "TapButton3"=3

The option TapButtonx means "A tap with x fingers, not in a corner", while the numbers 1, 2 and 3 after correspond to left, middle and right click respectively.

To make these changes permanent, navigate to /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d. ls to find the file with "synaptics.conf" in the name (in my case, 50-synaptics.conf). Then, sudo gedit 50-synaptics.conf, and add the following lines into the end of the first InputClass section:

Option "TapButton2" "2"
Option "TapButton3" "3"

Then restart your machine, and you should be good to go.

If editing the 50-synaptics.conf file doesn't work, do the following:
open dconf-editor and navigate to org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/mouse. Uncheck the box marked "active" and restart again. This will allow the synaptics settings to take precedence.


Are there any Live CD versions of Ubuntu any more?

Lubuntu has an iso that is under 700mb.  I'm not sure if it has liveCD capabilities though.

PuppyLinux is a distribution designed for this kind of purpose.  One of the most recent community releases (Tahrpup) uses the Ubuntu 14.04 LTS packages.


After installing binary to another directory, error "No such file or directory"

Use hash -r. See What does hash -r command do?

Alternatively restart the shell with exec bash.


These logs come from apparmor.

I am new to this software, but basically appparmor has a rule (i.e. setting) for LibreOffice defining a complaint mode.
When libreoffice is trying to write certain files a warning is logged.

You can stop this logs by removing the app-armor rule for libreoffice.

Refer for instance to these links for more details:

What is apparmor?
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/AppArmor


How to automaticly open a URL at specific times each day

The problem was already solved here.
Change the cron's crontab to launch your preferred Python interpreter with the script path as argument:

21 21 * * * /usr/bin/python /home/craig/openurl.py

Remember that a standard symbolic link will point to the default version of the interpreter, which may not be correct if your software is based on the 2.X syntax of Python.
The cron daemon may launch the interpreter with elevated rights, use a restricted interpreter for automated security-critical tasks.

EDIT to cover a bigger slice of problems after the cronjob setup:
To monitor in real-time the jobs done by cron and other system daemons, execute in a terminal:

tail -f /var/log/syslog

or

tailf /var/log/syslog

(on some systems the path of the log file is different, like /var/log/cron.log)
To redirect the OUTPUT of a cron job, insert a shell redirection for STDOUT in the cronjob file, like:

21 21 * * * /usr/bin/python /home/craig/openurl.py >> /home/craig/test.log

In a Python script a command like print('TEST') will append the string TEST to test.log; any simple subprocess will be also redirected.
Simply check the file to know if the script works as expected.
Please, feel free to comment under here if you have more questions and don't forget to press the left UP arrow and mark as Favorite if I'm of any help.
Have a nice day.


How can I get GRUB to appear after installing Ubuntu with Windows 7 using a LiveUSB?

What you need to do is run Ubuntu from LiveCD or LiveUSB and install boot-repair.
To install boot-repair, open up a terminal and type the following:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

boot-repair will automatically launch, if is doesn't, launch it via Dash.
Make sure to select recommended repair to repair and get grub back.

Reboot and grub will be back on boot.


delay of startup applications, dropbox specifically

Open the startup applications window. Just open the Dash ant type startup it should show there. It will looks like this (but in english):

Select dropbox, push edit. Now at the start of the command line type:

sleep 10;

So that it all looks like

sleep 10;dropbox start -i

Now the computer should wait 10 seconds before dropbox starts. You can change the number 10 in the example if you desire a bigger or shorter wait.


How do I make a program auto-start everytime I log in in Ubuntu 14.04?

Press Super(Win)Key and type Startup applications:

Click Add.

Click Add.

This was for Chromium Browser. Now, for Skype,

Name : Skype

Command : skype --pipelogin

Then Click Add.

You can manually add scripts or command in desktop files [Desktop Entry] and put them in ~/.config/autostart/blah.desktop


.mim file not being shown on ibus-m17n language list

I have what seems to be the identical issue in Linux Mint 20 (derived from Ubuntu 20.04). I've provided details at https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=334843, but it's essentially the same as Suchetha describes: .mim files and corresponding icons for scripts/languages that I've used for years on Ubuntu and Mint are still present in /usr/share/m17n, but only some of them appear as choices when adding input methods.
In my case, m17n:ar:kbd, m17n:el:kbd, m17n:he:kbd, and m17n:ko:han2 (Arabic, Greek, Hebrew, and Korean) don't appear as selections, although m17n:hi:inscript, m17n:fa:isiri, m17n:th:tis820 and m17n:ur:phonetic (Hindi, Farsi, Thai, and Urdu) still appear and function normally. I'll reiterate here that I've used all of these in versions earlier than 20.04 with no issues.
Unlike Suchetha's experience, however, opening and saving any of the relevant .mim files has made no difference for me (also, like the OP, I can't imagine why changes in tabs/white space within the .mim files would affect anything).
Any ideas or suggested things to explore would be welcome. Thanks.


This part from the error message says everything: ...are you root?

So, use:

sudo your_command_here

This is the way, in general, to run a command as root.

See also man sudo.


Why dont changes to the swappiness remain permanent after reboot?

If you want to set the swapiness without rebooting you could execute the following command:

echo 10 > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness

This will set the swapiness to 10 in this case. You can only echo a number because all this will do is call a kernel function to set the swapiness to 10 and this function only accepts numbers (this explains why you get a invalid argument error: you're trying to write other characters than numbers).

However, this is only temporary. The value will be reset at the next reboot to the default value.

To make the change permanent:

Edit /etc/sysctl.conf as root

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

Add the following line to the file:

vm.swappiness = 10

Save the file using CTRL + X

The changes made to sysctl.conf will apply on reboot or you can reload them using sudo sysctl -p (so sudo sysctl -p will have the same effect as echo 10 > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness in this case).


Unable to connect to Ubuntu 16.04 Wi-Fi Hotspot (wont accept password)

I was finally able to get a wireless hotspot working! but not with Ubuntu's built-in hotspot, rather with hostapd and create_ap

create_ap is a great utility that simplifies the use of hostapd. To use, all you need to do is install hostapd and create_ap with

sudo apt-get install hostapd
git clone https://github.com/oblique/create_ap.git && cd create_ap && make install

Then to start a wireless hotspot

create_ap wlan0 eth0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase

To get your wireless back:

CTRL^C
create_ap --fix-unmanaged


installi ubuntu 18.04 on acer aspire s7-391

This problem may be faced for wrong partitioning when you setting up OS..
Make sure that your partition table is correct...
Please use MBR partition for fix this problem...
Linux installetion partition required:

/boot EXT4 (200/300MB)
/ EXT4(For root partition minimum 20GB)
Swap area (3/4GB)

Like This

Ive installed linux(Ubuntu and kali) by making this partition table in my legacy bios..
Please Try it. It may fix your problem.
-Thank you
(I'm new here. Sorry for any kind of mistake)


Ubuntu 14.10 upgrade and reinstall, Steam OpenGL problems?

Got the same problem.

Found the solution over there:
OpenGL GLX context is not using direct rendering, which may cause performance problems. (steam) AMD DRIVER

Contrary to the solution thread's topic, it's not an AMD issue, but seems to involve all systems running the open-source Gallium3D drivers on Ubuntu 14.10.


The connection request is rejected. This is certainly the fact that you try it on a Linux system. Based on your comments, it works with Windows. Linux is a not-supported system in this case, even if it is a Java application.


Why do I get the error: "No command 'update' found"?

update is not a command. apt-get is the command-line tool for handling packages. update is an option to this command.

It is used to synchronize package index files from their sources via the internet.

sudo apt-get update

To apply these updates, run it with the option upgrade

sudo apt-get upgrade

This installs the newest versions of all packages currently installed on your system.

Additionally, if you want to get updates and apply them by just one command update, you could add the following line in your ~/.bash_aliases

alias update='sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade'


I did not have time to do allot of research cause I had to go to work but I did run across something that might help...

The xorg.config file may need to be edited... Try the instructions below.

Type the following in a new console window:

  cd /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d

  sudo touch 10-monitor.conf

  sudo gedit 10-monitor.conf

Paste the following into the file, changing variables where indicated by the comments

  Section "Monitor"

  Identifier    "Monitor0"

  EndSection

  Section "Device"

  Identifier    "Device0"

  Driver        "nvidia" #Choose the driver used for this monitor

  EndSection

  Section "Screen"

  Identifier    "Screen0"  #Collapse Monitor and Device section to Screen section

  Device        "Device0"

  Monitor       "Monitor0"

  DefaultDepth  24 #Choose the depth (16||24)

  SubSection "Display"

  Depth     24

  Modes     "1680x1050" #Choose the resolution

  EndSubSection

  EndSection

Save the file.

Press CTRL + ALT + FI to enter terminal mode and type the following:

  sudo stop lightdm

  sudo start lightdm

Log in and notice that the cursor does not flicker any more. You may have to unplug your mouse and plug in back in to get the cursor to work. If you do not get back to the graphical mode after starting the display manager, press CTRL + ALT + F7

Answer copied from here → http://brainstep.blogspot.com/2012/02/fixing-ubuntu-issues-flickering-pointer.html

Gotta run, hope this helps... Good Luck!


Mounting of NTFS drive failed, maybe due to windows hibernation

I assume you have Windows (maybe 8?) installed on your 4th partition (which is /dev/sda4 to Linux). Windows uses hibernation to fasten up its boot, but therefore stores RAM data and other stuff to its partition on the hard disk. This leads to your errors as Ubuntu can not properly access the drive due to Windows' lock. Boot into WIndows and disable the auto-hibernation feature and shut it down completely. Then you should be able to access the volume with Ubuntu. Greetings!


How to remove window decorations in Cinnamon / Muffin?

Although it is true that you cannot disable window title bars, you can make them so small, that they are hardly visible. As I landed here via google, I post my solution though the thread is old as it might help others. You can edit

/usr/share/themes/Mint-X/metacity-1

and set all non-zero value properties in the metacity-theme-1.xml (of course you need sudo, to edit something there. A backup is useful.). Now select under Theme settings -> Other settings -> window borders another theme and reselect Mint-X. Now the height of the title bar is determined by the title itself. Chose under Font settings font size 0 for the window title front and the title bar is almost gone.


Wrong screen resolution and big black space on the right side of screen

After a lengthy discussion in the comments, it was determined that the Nvidia drivers were not installed correctly. The Nvidia installer did not find his card. The user is uncertain which Nvidia card he has, and until we determine which one he has, we won't know which driver to recommend.

The user may have a Nvidia firmware problem. There's certainly a Nvidia software problem. There may be a system BIOS upgrade needed.

Procedures have been put into the comments for the user to help identify his Nvidia card.

edit: go to http://www.asus.com/support/Download/3/78/0/17/8/ and make sure you have BIOS 305 installed.

edit: turns out the user has a ASUS F3E series laptop, and a Intel Corporation Mobile GM965/GL960 Integrated Graphics Controller using the i915 driver, capable of 1280 x 800 ( WXGA ) on the internal screen.


According to this link: http://www.unixodbc.org/doc/FreeTDS.html, it might be:

/usr/local/freetds/lib/libtdsodbc.so

Another possibility is:

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/libtdsodbc.so

This is for 64-bits architecture.

Once you found the right place, update the /etc/odbcinst.ini to reflect the changes.


How to find out what Linux is using to control my hardware

If you are concerned with only filtering output of lshw to show device and its corresponding driver, you can use the lshw and awk combination bellow:

sudo lshw | awk '/product:/{  if(length(PROD) > 0){PROD=""};  for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) PROD=PROD" "$i  } /driver=/{  for(j=1;j<=NF;j++){ if($j~/driver=/) DRIVER=$j   };print "---",PROD,DRIVER; PROD=""}'

Basic idea here is that we find lines that have "product: . . . " in them and store into PROD. Because some devices don't list drivers, we could have repeatedly appended line after line to PROD variable, so in the beginning we check length of the PROD string. Another matching that is going on, is for the lines containing the driver= part. Once we have that, we print both the product and the driver information.

Bellow is the command put together into a script, and sample output:

$ cat ./dev-drivers.sh
#!/bin/bash

sudo lshw | awk '/product:/{  if(length(PROD) > 0){PROD=""};\
            for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) PROD=PROD" "$i  }\
             /driver=/{  for(j=1;j<=NF;j++){ if($j~/driver=/) DRIVER=$j   };\
             print "---",PROD,DRIVER; PROD=""}'

$ ./dev-drivers.sh
[sudo] password for xieerqi:
---  product: ValleyView SSA-CUnit driver=iosf_mbi_pci
---  product: ValleyView Gen7 driver=i915
---  product: ValleyView 6-Port SATA AHCI Controller driver=ahci
---  product: ValleyView USB xHCI Host Controller driver=xhci_hcd
---  product: ValleyView SEC driver=mei_txe
---  product: ValleyView High Definition Audio Controller driver=snd_hda_intel
---  product: ValleyView PCI Express Root Port driver=pcieport
---  product: RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller driver=r8169
---  product: ValleyView PCI Express Root Port driver=pcieport
---  product: QCA9565 / AR9565 Wireless Network Adapter driver=ath9k
---  product: ValleyView PCI Express Root Port driver=pcieport
---  product: RTS5229 PCI Express Card Reader driver=rtsx_pci
---  product: ValleyView Power Control Unit driver=lpc_ich


On my Macbook Pro (el capitan), the meta key is by default mapped to the ESC key.

For example, say in emacs editor, to do a M-% (emacs find and replace), I would do ESC+%

(I've tested this on iTerm2 and Terminal app.)

This Stackoverflow forum helped me.


Connected through VNC with Xfce enviroment, Thunar doesn't open files. I can open them with Nautilus, but then, I can't "Open In Terminal"

When opening a file, either via the main menu, via the file's context menu, by double-clicking on it or by hitting the enter key, the file manager performs the default action for that file type.
The default file open mode is double-clicking but you can set Thunar preferences so that a single click will execute the default action.
To execute actions other than the default action for a file, select the file in question, then choose the desired action from the Open With choices available from the File menu or the right-click context menu.
To add actions associated with a file type, perform the following steps:
In the main area, select a file of the type to which you want to add an action.

Choose File → Open With → Open With Other Application... from the main menu.

Either choose an application from the list or select Use a custom command and browse to the program with which you wish to open this type.

The action you have chosen is now added to the list of Recommended Applications for that particular file type. If you enabled the Use as default for this kind of file option or there was no prior action associated with the type, the newly added action becomes the default.
You may also add actions using the Open With pick list under File → Properties....
To modify the actions associated with a file or file type, perform the following steps:
In the main area, select a file of the type for which you want to modify the action.

Choose File → Properties... from the main menu.

Select the new default action by choosing one of the recommended applications in the Open With pick list or add a new action by choosing Other Application... and selecting an application in the Open With dialog.

The Properties dialog shows more information about any file or folder in the file manager. To open the Properties window, perform the following steps:
Select the file or folder you want to examine or change. You can select multiple items at once and display the properties that are common to them all.
Do one of the following:

Choose File → Properties... from the main menu.

Right-click the item and choose Properties... from the context menu.

Press Alt-Return.

If there are no files or folders selected, right-clicking anywhere on the whitespace or performing any of the other actions listed above will present the context menu of the current folder that you are viewing.
There are three or four tabs in the Properties dialog that give you access to the following information or actions:
General
For folders:

See the total size of all the files in the current folder and all subfolders.

View a Usage slider which displays used and free space on the current partition.

For files:
    The ability to change the default Open With action for this file and other files of the same type.

    File type and size.

Emblems
Customize a particular file or folder's icon by adding an emblem.
To add custom emblems, add your icons to the 'emblems' directories of your current icon theme, for each size. E.g: ~/.icons/$theme/*/emblems/

Permissions
Change the UNIX file permissions for a file or folder.

Image
Only present for graphics files. View the image size in pixels (and other metadata, if available).

There are several ways to select files in Thunar.
To select a single file, you can simply click on it with the left mouse button.

You can select multiple files by holding down the Ctrl key and clicking on the files, or holding down the Shift key to select a range of files.

You can also select multiple files and folders by using the mouse to drag a selection box over them. Note: If you are using View as a Detailed List in the Main Area, you must first position the mouse over a file/folder name (not in the whitespace) before dragging.

You can also select files by providing a pattern with the keyboard shortcut Ctrl-S or from the main menu Edit → Select pattern.... For example, to select all text files, hit Ctrl-S and enter “*.txt” in the dialog.

If you want to find a single file and know the beginning of the filename, simply start entering the filename in the view. A text box will appear in the bottom right corner and an incremental search will be performed. The first file that matches what you type will be selected. If there are multiple files names beginning with the same letters, continuing to type the name you're looking for will narrow your search down until the file you want is selected.

Other options are Select all Files and Invert Selection, which can be found in the Edit menu.


Not sure if this will help as it's not exactly what you're looking for, but you can display the file size under the icon:

Open the file explorer
Go to places
Select preferences
Select display tab

http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-tweak-nautilus-to-display-size-of-files-under-their-name.html

However, this is probably a more direct answer to your question: Show current folder size in Nautilus


Why does service service_name status give different responses for different services?

I think I may understand a bit more after doing some digging within Ubuntu and also Googling stuff. All services have not been ported to Upstart.

ls -l /etc/init.d/

The above command lists all files but we are interested in a few.

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7621 Feb  6  2012 apache2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1511 Oct 17  2011 atftpd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   21 Sep 14 10:57 isc-dhcp-server -> /lib/init/upstart-job

As you can see, apache2 and atftpd have not been converted to Upstart yet while isc-dhcp-server had. Let's list files in another directory.

ls -l /etc/init

Again lots of files are listed but we are interested in just one:

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1704 Sep 14 10:56 isc-dhcp-server.conf

This confirms that isc-dhcp-server has been converted to Upstart but apache2 and atftpd have not.

But now the question is whether to use the old invoke-rc.d or /etc/init.d/ commands to start/stop/etc. services, or use service command, or use initctl (Upstart) command? The answer I understand best is to always use the service command. Based on how init files are configured in /etc/init.d/, service will either use the initctl (or start or stop) for services converted to Upstart and use the older /etc/init.d/ for services that have not been converted. As users we don't have to worry and always use service. Disclaimer: I tested this only in Ubuntu 12.04.


Ubuntu touch threads priority; Will Touch be as laggy as Android, or smooth like IOS?

If my memory serves me properly, Ubuntu Touch is based off of Mir and Android. I believe it works the same way as Android does (or at least it did in Surfaceflinger).

However, I have been using it for a while and have seen no lag whatsoever. My (old) iPod lagged much worse though. Must have been all of those "fancy desktop effects" Apple programs in.

They are (as I know) separate.


Ubuntu Server 12.04.2 - wireless connections

The usual way to configure a server is to fill in your details in the file /etc/network/interfaces. First, confirm you have a working wireless interface:

iwconfig

Do you have an interface, ideally wlan0? Next confirm it is working as expected:

sudo iwlist wlan0 scan

Do you see your network, among others? If so, edit the file with the editor vim:

sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces

Add your details so it looks something like:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static  <--you want to be able to reach your server by ssh and ftp
address 192.168.1.100  <--an address outside the DHCP range in the router
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameservers 192.168.1.1 8.8.8.8
wpa-ssid <your_network>
wpa-psk <your_key>

Save your changes and close vim with :wq. Now get the interface to see and use the new settings:

sudo ifdown wlan0 && sudo ifup wlan0

Confirm you got the new address:

ifconfig

And that you can reach the internet:

ping -c3 www.google.com

Of course, substitute your details above.


Which features i can use while testing ubuntu?

Yes, you can install packages while testing Ubuntu from livedisk. But before installing any package via apt-get, you have to update the repositories  by running sudo apt-get update command on terminal.

All installed packages will be lost upon next reboot.


Cannot get resolution of 1280x800 on my "SiS M760GX" video card

There is no way to get the 1280x800 resolution on modern Ubuntu versions.

It was possible on Ubuntu 12.04. Now the X.org doesn't support the SiS obsolete modesetting method.

You can use only VESA modes.


Systemd-tmpfiles not working due to unsafe symlinks, not sure what that means

So I figured it out, and it did have to do with ownership of the subdirectory. In my case /var was a symlink to /path1/path2/path3 .  And although / and /var were owned by root, /path1 wasn't so it failed.


WSL - A Bash line to show when a folder's contents update

You can use inotify-tools
To install it, run the following command in the terminal:
sudo apt install inotify-tools

To use it to serve your purpose, please follow these steps:

Create and edit a script file in your home directory by running the following command in the terminal:
nano ~/File_Monitor.sh

Copy and paste the following code into the editor replacing PATH_TO_DIRECTORY with the full path of the directory you want to monitor:

#!/bin/bash
inotifywait -m PATH_TO_DIRECTORY -e create |
    while read path action file;
        do
                echo "$path$file was created"
                mv "$path$file" "$path$file.png"
                echo "and renamed to $path$file.png"
        done

Save the script file and exit the editor by pressing Ctrl + X then press Y.

Make the script file executable by running the following command in the terminal:
chmod +x ~/File_Monitor.sh

Run the script by running the following command in the terminal:
bash ~/File_Monitor.sh

Done, all new files added to the monitored directory will be renamed to Original_File_Name.png.

Notice:
If you cannot get inotify-tools installed for any reason, you can replace the code in step 2 with the following code also changing PATH_TO_DIRECTORY with the full path of the directory you want to monitor:
#!/bin/bash

while true
do
       sleep 1
       find PATH_TO_DIRECTORY -type f ! -name "*.*" -exec mv {} {}.png \;
done

It will get the job done.


Ubuntu 14.04 failed to install VMware - Player 2.5.5

sudo ln -s /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build/include/generated/utsrelease.h /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build/include/linux/
sudo ln -s /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build/include/generated/autoconf.h /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build/include/linux/
sudo ln -s /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build/include/generated/version.h /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build/include/linux/

Now the path of kernel headers should be /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/include


Apparently you have some leftover broken partition tables on the drives.  This causes the version of libparted in Ubuntu to refuse to operate on it.  Wipe it out so you can start fresh with dd:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero count=64 of=/dev/md127

Alternatively you should be able to use the disk utility to create a new partition table on the raid array.  After either of these, you should be able to use gparted.


Prevent the installation of a specific kernel version

Just put that package on hold, that should prevent the installation of the package but no the upgrade of linux-generic:

echo "linux-image-3.11.0-14-generic hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections

You can also modify the GRUB configuration to use other entries instead of -14 kernel. Please, also consider reporting a bug against the kernel to fix those issues.


You can usually do this by passing --prefix=/path/to/empty/folder to configure.  This will put the installed components into your previously-empty folder in the correct structure once you run make install.  Then, you can copy all the contents of this folder onto your target system.


How to apply a patch on upstream source code while snapcraft build?

This sounds like a good case for snapcraft "scriptlets". The build: stanza will let you replace the build step with your own shell commands (make build; make install_api; make install_desktop).


How to launch Spotify using a command through the dock

Open a terminal
Edit the file /usr/share/applications/spotify.desktop (sudo editor /usr/share/applications/spotify.desktop)
Replace the line 'Exec=spotify %U' with 'Exec=spotify --force-device-scale-factor=2 %U'


Error: "Failed to open \EFI\BOOT\grubx64.efi..." (Dual-Booting)

Finally managed to solve it.

For the rest, open the terminal

$ sudo bash
$ cd /boot/efi/EFI
$ sudo cp -p ubuntu/grubx64.efi Boot
$ sudo touch ubuntu/grubx64.efi.gbr

After that, I stopped seeing the error message and grub showed up normally (it did before, too, just after seeing that error message for 3s).


MySQL 5.7.30 "thread_stack" value cannot be updated in ubuntu 16.04

The file my.cnf is only a file containing further locations to search for configurations. This is as follows.

!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
!includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/

So you shouldn't put any configuration directly into /etc/mysql/my.cnf, but in one of the folders specified.

In your case it would be suitable to create the file /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/tuning.cnf whith the lines as follows.

[mysqld]
thread_stack = 256k


curl unable to obtain local certificate on Ubuntu

This solves the problem
wget -P '/tmp/' -nv 'https://www.digicert.com/CACerts/DigiCertSHA2SecureServerCA.crt'
openssl x509 -in '/tmp/DigiCertSHA2SecureServerCA.crt' -inform DER \
             -out '/tmp/DigiCertSHA2SecureServerCA.pem' -outform PEM
sudo cp -uv '/tmp/DigiCertSHA2SecureServerCA.pem' '/etc/ssl/certs'
sudo c_rehash


Uncomment the following lines

auto lo

iface lo inet loopback

network 192.168.46.0

And then disable and enable networking.

You might also try setting up the manual configuration through the graphical network manager.


Diagonal switching to the top-left workspace doesn't work

Edit: confirmed, have a new keyboard now which supports N-key rollover, functions as expected.

Well it seems like I have forgotten an old problem: keyboard rollover. Certain USB keyboards seem to have a limitation on certain key combinaions - and it would appear that my keyboard has one on a quite inconvenient spot. I think I'll start using the wireless keyboard that does not seem to have this specific problem.

You can read more about this on this SuperUser question.

I also noticed the following combinations do not work: CTRL+ALT: F+G, H+J, ;+', \+', Left+Up, 4+5, 6+7, 0+-. There are probably many more on that keyboard.

Any additional information welcome!


Open Virtualbox.
Select your virtual OS.
Click on Settings.

Goto Storage, right-click on whatever attachment is there under Controller: IDE and remove it.

Restart Virtualbox.


The codecs for watching DVD's are either not open sourced, or are not free, which is why they are not included with Ubuntu.  If you wish to play DVD's specifically on your computer, you will need to install them.  Installation instructions can be found on the link below.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats/PlayingDVDs

Of course, there are other codecs that are restricted as well (AAC/m4a), and for that you can follow the instructions in the other answer for those codecs.