Which files are sourced when using su -c?

When you do:

su some_user -c 'some_command'

The some_command will be executed as:

bash -c 'some_command'

Assuming bash is some_user's shell defined in /etc/passwd.

Now when you do bash -c 'some_command' you are basically spawning a non-interactive (and of course non-login) session of bash. As no file is sourced by the shell while in non-interactive mode so no file is being read expectedly.

Note that ~/.profile is sourced in a login, interactive session of bash and ~/.bashrc is sourced in a non-login, interactive session of bash. Also note that Ubuntu sources ~/.bashrc from ~/.profile.

Check the INVOCATION section of man bash to get more idea.


First of all: if you come across this error do not despair. Despite the horrendous appearance of the situation it seems that in most cases it is savable.

After some research and help from Julian Stirling in the comments of my question I got the problem resolved by using boot-repair.

I had to:

Use my ubuntu desktop to create a bootable USB stick on Ubuntu
Then in order to be able to boot from the USB I had to change the BIOS Boot Mode Setting to Legacy Boot Mode, Secure Boot Off
After booting from the USB I selected the Try Ubuntu
connected to the internet (WiFi in my case)
open a new Terminal, and installed boot-repair:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
When the update finishes run boot-repair:

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (boot-repair &)
Then I clicked the "Recommended repair" button. In this step I got a little worried when prompted to choose Yes or No to the message "The boot of your PC is in Legacy mode. You may want to retry after changing it to EFI mode.". It turns out I had to click Yes or the boot-repair would not run. After a little wait boot-repair did its magic and when it finished I took note of the URL as instructed.
Finally I changed the BIOS Boot Mode Setting back to what it was before I started. Rebooted and boom! Everything was back to normal.


How do I make the terminal run python 3.1?

Use python-virtualenv  to create a virtual python environment.

Select the version of Python to be created in the virtual environment:

virtualenv --python=/usr/bin/python3.1 myvirtualenv

To manage multiple virtual Python environments, install the virtualenvwrapper extension.

Why virtualenv?

  The basic problem being addressed is one of dependencies and versions, and indirectly permissions. Imagine you have an application that needs version 1 of LibFoo, but another application requires version 2. How can you use both these applications? If you install everything into /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages (or whatever your platform's standard location is), it's easy to end up in a situation where you unintentionally upgrade an application that shouldn't be upgraded.


Does shutting down and restarting Ubuntu have an effect on its performance?

Some applications, when working for days can "grow up" in memory because there might be memory leaks (memory is reserved and not returned when not needed). When you have less memory (because of memory leaks) system moves information from memory to disk (swap partitions) more often, and this is probably the reason of slowing down you experience.


Tripewire database and PTS for remote server

OP has had no activity in almost a year, but here is how to resolve that problem (provided I understood it correctly):
This is taken from Justin Ellingwood: in your twpol.txt file in the category "Device and kernel information", you will find the section:
(
  rulename = "Devices & Kernel information",
  severity = $(SIG_HI),
)
{
        /dev            -> $(Device) ;
        /proc           -> $(Device) ;
}

You probably want to comment out /proc which gives you a lot of false positives, include instead a selection of the items you will find under /proc/ on yr box, AND add
       /dev/pts         -> $(Device) ;

Tripwire will not check that location by default because it is told to
check /dev, and /dev/pts is on a separate filesystem, which it will
not enter unless specified. To get tripwire to check this as well, you
can explicitly name it.

HTH.


Headphones don't work correctly on an Asus k50ij laptop

Here someone have fixed it on a K60I, and it seems to work on my ASUS K50IJ too:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1762969


Nautilus crashes with "'G_IS_OBJECT (object)' failed" / "totem-video-thumbnailer couldn't open file"

I fix it by moving Extensions in a temporary folder

sudo mv /usr/share/nautilus-python/extensions /tmp

After that try a relaunch of Nautilus and replace extension one by one in the Extension folder


When you are deleting something, unless its a permanent delete, your files are actually moving to a hidden folder called .trash. You can delete this folder. Open your drive,
Press Ctrl+h to view hidden folders.
Select the folder named .trash and do a shift+delete.


You can use CompizConfig to do this.

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager in a terminal to install, and then type "CompizConfig" into your Dash to find it, or ccsm in the terminal.

Once it's open, scroll to the "Ubuntu Unity Plugin" option and click it.

On the General tab, you will see some options related to keyboard shortcuts. Find "Key to execute a command" (second option down), and click the shortcut ("<Alt>F2" by default). Uncheck the box in the popup window that says "Enabled", and click OK. From then on the alt-f2 shortcut to bring up the command window will be disabled.

Hope this helps!


How to share a file on bluetooth with Ubuntu Touch?

Try this:

Click on the Dash home and type Personal File Sharing.
Check the box that says Receive files in Downloads folder over Bluetooth
If you have paired your device with the computer already, then choose Only for set up devices under Accept files, else choose Always (this is not preferred as pretty much anyone in your blue tooth's range could send you files)
Click close and you're done!


How do I turn on WiFi without mouse/trackpad?

I don't know if there is a shortcut but you can do it in the terminal. To disable your wifi adapter use the command rfkill block wifi. To enable it use rfkill unblock wifi. You can also create your shortcuts.


Missing ~/.Xauthority file in Ubuntu 17.10

Check out https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/synaptic/+bug/1551951, with a workaround in comment #9.  In particular:

  The method pkexec uses to grant root (i.e. the user it runs its
  argument as) access to the real user's X display doesn't work under
  Wayland, but still using X (i.e. using Xwayland).
  Xwayland (at least as started by mutter/gnome-shell) is started without the
  "-auth" option and hence only grants access to the real user (adopting
  Wayland's security model).
  Hence there's no Xauthority file to grant access to other users. The
  workaround is to explicitly allow root to access the user's X display using

  $ xhost +si:localuser:root

I just tried this on my installation of Artful and synaptic finally ran successfully.  Gparted put up a bit of a fight but also ran successfully on the second try.

The solution above works on a per-session basis.  Comment #13 in that thread shows how to make it stick each time you sign in.


If you press Super+Alt and right click on the panel there should be an option "Expand" that you need to click.


how to make ubuntu to remember the login keying password

Try this link. It worked for me. Solution is under comment #3. https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-keyring/+bug/745780

I believe that if your login and keyring passwords are the same, you should not receive a keyring password prompt.


Why does local time reset itself to wrong time after "timedatectl set-time"?

I still don't know why that original issue (time reset back to wrong time) has actually happened but I could get my time finally working by uninstalling ntp (sudo apt-get remove ntp) which automatically installed and configured systemd-timesyncd instead so that all my system times finally set themselves to the correct setting:
Still asynchronous after installation:
$ timedatectl
               Local time: Fr 2021-04-09 14:04:45 CEST
           Universal time: Fr 2021-04-09 12:04:45 UTC
                 RTC time: Fr 2021-04-09 12:12:31
                Time zone: Europe/Berlin (CEST, +0200)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: active
          RTC in local TZ: no

Some minutes later everything is finally fine:
$ timedatectl
               Local time: Fr 2021-04-09 14:08:54 CEST
           Universal time: Fr 2021-04-09 12:08:54 UTC
                 RTC time: Fr 2021-04-09 12:08:54
                Time zone: Europe/Berlin (CEST, +0200)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: active
          RTC in local TZ: no

Thanks a lot for your help!


Thanks for the help - now downloaded. I managed to piece it together from the answers here but I probably could have done with someone 'holding my hand' through the process!
For anyone coming later with a similar problem, this is the cure in Terminal.

sudo -i

gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Opens a gedit document - put a # before any line that includes oneiric (in my case) - save and close.

logout

sudo apt-get update

There should be no more error messages.
Then upgrade if you wish.

sudo apt-get upgrade


Can Ubuntu 12.04 LTS/13.04 be installed on Asus K55VM-SX086D?

According to this post from the Linuxed - Exploring Linux distros blog Ubuntu can be installed successfully on a Asus K55VM-SX086D laptop. The 31 comments that were posted to this blog article are also worth reading. This answer by Oli is about the same model of graphics card that is used on the Asus K55VM-SX086D laptop.


python3 problem upgrading 20.04 -> 20.10

Yes the difference (3.8.5 vs 3.8.2) matters.
The upgrade tool is written & tested for the python3 version installed with the release.
If the python3 version is changed, the results may not be trustworthy or fail  (all testing if python3 is changed fall on you to perform with the version you have installed; the tool is tested only with the version provided).
guiverc@d960-ubu2:~$  rmadison python3
 python3 | 3.2.3-0ubuntu1   | precise          | all
 python3 | 3.2.3-0ubuntu1.2 | precise-updates  | amd64, armel, armhf, i386, powerpc
 python3 | 3.4.0-0ubuntu2   | trusty           | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, powerpc, ppc64el
 python3 | 3.5.1-3          | xenial           | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, powerpc, ppc64el, s390x
 python3 | 3.6.5-3          | bionic           | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x
 python3 | 3.6.7-1~18.04    | bionic-updates   | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x
 python3 | 3.8.2-0ubuntu2   | focal            | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x
 python3 | 3.8.6-0ubuntu1   | groovy           | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x
 python3 | 3.8.6-0ubuntu1   | hirsute          | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x
 python3 | 3.8.6-1          | hirsute-proposed | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x


How to set netbeans 7.2 as my default PHP IDE on ubuntu 12.10

Just open the following path,

cd /usr/share/applications/

Find netbeans.desktop file

ls -al | grep netbeans

Edit netbeans.desktop file

vim netbeans <version>
Exec=/bin/sh "/usr/local/netbeans-8.0.2/bin/netbeans" %U

Just add %U at the end of Exec.

Now goto any file, right click properties->open with, there you see netbeans.
Now set it as default.


Asus Eee PC 1015CX shows resolution of 800x600 in Ubuntu 12.04

Found the solution:
Once updated to 12.10 the additional drivers are automatically added enabling 1024X600 by default. However some problems still exist with the hot keys and screen brightness not working properly.


System and Preferences Icon vanished from menu bar

If you mean the icon locked to the launcher, a simple way would be to open the System and Preferences window from your dash (open the menu and type "system"). Then once it's open, right-click the icon in the launcher and click "Lock to launcher". Then, the icon will stay there even after the program is closed.


Can 1 partition span multiple physical disks?

You can when you set your system up using LVM. 1 of the bullet points on that pages is...

  Creating single logical volumes of multiple physical volumes or entire hard disks (somewhat similar to RAID 0, but more similar to JBOD), allowing for dynamic volume resizing.

Helpful links:

Server advanced installation guide
Ubuntu wiki
Community page on LVM at help.ubuntu.com
Tutonics guide

Here is some more info on RAID and LVM: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/237434/raid-verses-lvm


I would recommend to use the Aircrack suite. From that suite you can use airodump-ng. This is an example:

Let's filter by the SSID DummyWifi:

airodump-ng --essid DummyWifi wlan0

And wlan0 is the name of your wifi adapter.


Error conection ssh after jail user of ssh-sftp

There is manual page for sshd_config(5) and it contains all information for all you want to set up your server. For you, there is important part about chroot directory:

  ChrootDirectory

  Specifies the pathname of a directory to chroot(2) to after authentication.  At session startup sshd(8) checks that all components of the pathname are root-owned directories which are not writable by any other user or group.  After the chroot, sshd(8) changes the working directory to the user's home directory.

This means that you need to execute:

chown root:root /var/www
chmod go-w /var/www

This is the answer

https://stackoverflow.com/a/32653528/5287072


Please type that command into it:

sudo apt-get install -f

When asked for your admin password enter it and note that you won't see any visible feedback as you enter the password. When done press Enter and sit back and let it do its job. Now go back to that tutorial and continue the other steps as directed.

Kindly see man apt-get for a btter understanding of what the -f option means:

 -f, --fix-broken
       Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT
       to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when
       running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's
       dependency structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually means using dpkg --remove to eliminate some of the
       offending packages). Use of this option together with -m may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Fix-Broken.


The ubuntu upgrade process does not effect files in the /home folder. You can run the embedded ubuntu update by the following

To upgrade to a newer release, from a terminal prompt enter:

do-release-upgrade

It is also possible to use do-release-upgrade to upgrade to a development version of Ubuntu. To accomplish this use the -d switch:

do-release-upgrade -d

EDIT
Follow my instructions to install Ubuntu 64 bit without losing your current software configuration:

In a terminal execute sudo dpkg --get-selections > ~/softwarelist.
Install the x64 Ubuntu over the existing one. If asked to preserve
Home, say yes.
Execute sudo dpkg --set-selections < ~/softwarelist.
Execute sudo apt-get -f install. You will have some errors, but all
should be fine.
Reboot.

This procedure is valid for the 12.04, it can change with older/newer versions.

Source Upgrading ubuntu 12.04 32 bit to 64 bit


cant install grub after removing windows

There are at least 2 ways of solving this issue:

1.Using grub command line directly

Grub and grub-rescue uses a command line syntax that may be a little off putting and cumbersome at first, but it is a good idea to know at least the basics for critical situations like this one:

First, set the paging for long commands

grub>set pager=1

Next, list the available volumes/partitions

grub>ls

As your output, you will get something similar to:

(hd0) (hd0,msdos1) (hd0,msdos2) (hd0, msdos3)
Every one of these msdos[1-3] partitions can then be checked with ls and eventually one of them will match the directory structure of your linux OS.

grub>ls (hd0,2)
bin/ boot/ cdrom/ dev/ etc/ home/  lib/ lib64/ media/ mnt/ opt/ proc/ root/ run/ sbin/ srv/ sys/ tmp/ usr/ var/ initrd.img initrd.img.old vmlinuz vmlinuz.old

Once you find your linux partition you have to set the prefix and then set the partition as root.

grub>set prefix=(hd0,2)/boot/grub
grub>set root=set root=(hd0,2)

then the linux and initrd commands, the root=/dev/sdaX should be changed accordingly with X being your partition number, here I am using 2 as an example. The [version] will correspond to your kernel version. If you have vmlinuz and initrd symlinked from /vmlinuz and /initrd.img then you can just use those as the path for simplicity.

grub>linux /boot/vmlinuz-[version] root=/dev/sda2
grub>initrd /boot/initrd.img-[version]
grub>boot

This will get you into your linux OS, once there proceed with rebuilding the grub

 2.Using live rescue disk like GParted.

Once booted up, you should have access to a terminal capable of rebuilding and installing the corrected grub to your hard drive using the below commands.

Updating and installing the correct grub

from terminal, execute:

$sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

or

$sudo update-grub

and then install the grub to the hard drive (not individual partition), here I am again using /dev/sda as an example.

$sudo grub-install /dev/sda

And that is all there is to it. These commands have been repeated dozens of times on StackExchange, but I find it a good idea to simply rewrite them when someone asks, because it is one of those things I don't ever want to forget.


Ubuntu 20.04, FPCupDeluxe 3.3.1, Lazarus 2.1.0 on MacBookPro 2012, NVIDIA GeForce GT 650M

Ran an update operation, and got a message that some(?) packages were upgradeable. Upgraded (?) changed the resolution to 1920x1200 and the scale to 100? Then fcpupdeluxe looked OK. Still the log window has tiny text - which doesn't match pictures from other sites. I anticipate this solves my problem.


Adding NOPASSWD in /etc/sudoers doesn't work

It is the sequence/ordering of the rules that caused this. The last rule takes preference.

In order to fix your problem, simply move your lines,

fizzbuzz  ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL
chadmin   ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL

from the sudoers file to

sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/myOverrides

This is better approach than editing the sudoers file with a plain text editor. If you accidentally insert errors into the file, you may not longer be able to run sudo. Always use visudo, so that the syntax is checked and you receive warnings about mistakes!

Your directive doesn't work because it is overridden by:

%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL
%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

If you run the groups command you should see that your user belongs to these groups.


What is dpkg-reconfigure and how is it different from dpkg --configure?

From man dpkg

   --configure package...|-a|--pending
          Configure a package which has been unpacked but not yet  config‐
          ured.   If  -a  or  --pending  is  given instead of package, all
          unpacked but unconfigured packages are configured.

          Configuring consists of the following steps:

          1.  Unpack  the  conffiles, and at the same time back up the old
          conffiles, so that they can be restored if something goes wrong.

          2. Run postinst script, if provided by the package.

From man dpkg-reconfigure

   dpkg-reconfigure - reconfigure an already installed package

   -pvalue, --priority=value
       Specify the minimum priority of question that will be displayed.
       dpkg-reconfigure normally shows low priority questions no matter
       what your default priority is. See debconf(7) for a list.

   -a, --all
       Reconfigure all installed packages that use debconf. Warning: this
       may take a long time.

Here dpkg --configure -a will configure all unpacked but unconfigured packages. whereas dpkg-reconfigure -phigh -a will reconfigure all installed packages that use debconf with high priority.


How to run a .jar with admin privileges?

The classical method would be ...

sudo -i
java -jar /home/sethlord/Downloads/Authenticator/Authenticator.jar

If you really really need "root"

sudo -su
java -jar /home/sethlord/Downloads/Authenticator/Authenticator.jar

But try to avoid that since it logs notices to user "root" and not the "sudo" account.


nam error : Segmentation fault (core dumped)

If you have a ns2 installed manually in your system just go in the directory of ns2 for example ns2-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/ then try to simulate your simulation in here and be sure that you use ./ns ./simulationfile.tcl instead of ns simulationfile.tcl.


exFAT external drive not recognized on Windows

After some trial and errors, I've been able to format an exFAT partition on Ubuntu that is working on Windows 10. The trick is to add the msftdata flag on the partition (regardless if partition is aligned or not):

 sudo parted <DEVICE> set <PARTITION_NUMBER> msftdata on

For example:

 sudo parted /dev/sde set 1 msftdata on

And it worked for me in Windows 10!

And in case it helps someone, this is how I created a single aligned exFAT partition in the first place:

 sudo parted /dev/sde mklabel gpt
 sudo parted -a optimal /dev/sde mkpart primary '0%' '100%'
 sudo mkfs.exfat /dev/sde1


You need to enable USB autosuspend mode for the Bluetooth device.

I suggest you install TLP to achieve this. TLP's default configuration will enable autosuspend for all USB devices except (externally attached) mice and keyboards.

If you don't use Bluetooth at all, you may even disable it at boot time by enabling the following line in TLP's configuration

Open terminal and run

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/tlp

Uncomment (remove # from the start of the line) this line in the tlp file

DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_STARTUP="bluetooth"

Save the file and exit, and reboot to test the result.


How much is Ubuntu 13.04 related to/depends on Gnome?

Extreamly. 99% of everything in Ubuntu (standard) is GTK/Gnome based. There are other flavors. You can view the list here


smith is your Username. If you open the Home directory, it should get into /home/smith directory. Because the value assigned to HOME variable is /home/smith.

$ echo $HOME
/home/smith

You can check the existence of smith directory inside /home by running the below commands,

$ cd /home
$ ls
smith

And also you can't see .minecraft file, because it's hidden. File-name preceded with ., will makes the corresponding file to hide automatically. You have to press Ctrl+H to view those hidden files.


installed desktop environment not showing at login screen

My bad! If you want to install unity you don't have to pick the package with that same name, but the one that reads ubuntu-desktop. If I am not mistaken, unity package depends on ubuntu-desktop.


Partition 1 is an EFI partition. Most modern computers have one. Windows uses an EFI partition too. You can consider it to be the first part of the boot process

Partition 2 is a boot partition. In this instance it handles the preliminaries of accessing and booting your LUKS install

You won’t need to alter the size of either of them. You won’t save data there although the contents might get updated the space requirements will not change much. You will probably find there is quite a high percentage  of space unused currently.


How to cancel Update Manager downloading flashplugin-installer?

It doesn't take much time to install flashplugin. To check whether update is still working (downloading/installing) check the output of this command:
ps aux | grep http
This will result in 2 or 3 lines with the second column of each line being the pid of the process if the process is doing its job. If the result is just 1 line, say the last phrase being grep http or something, the updates are not being downloaded/installed. Its safe to kill the update manager
To do this:
run: ps aux | grep update and note the pid of the update-manager being the second column after your user name in the 2/3 line list of output. Let the pid of update-manager be pid
Kill this process by running:
kill -9 pid
If operation is not permitted, try with sudo, but take care that you don't kill any other process. Note the pid of update-manager carefully.


Firstly, ensure that you haven't mounted the USB stick in Ubuntu itself. Also, just in case, the latest version of VirtualBox is actually 4.3.14, which you might consider upgrading to.

But more likely, if you only enabled USB 2.0 after having installed Windows, you might have to remove and re-add the USB controller from the Windows Device Manager, as it may have originally detected and selected a driver which isn't actually appropriate. Of course, the Hail-Mary option is outright reinstalling Windows (perhaps to a new VM or at least a new snapshot) since sometimes that's faster than fiddling around with getting Windows to re-detect its hardware properly.


sudo apt-get update failes due to Hash Sum mismatch

Run these commands in terminal 1:

sudo apt-get clean

sudo rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*

That worked for me. :-)

Reference


Move all indicators to the left side so that window buttons can be placed in the corner

My first plan was to move the aggregate menu to the left so my window buttons would sit in the corner.

As it's hard coded, I set the window buttons to the left and used 'Hide Activities Button' extension for GNOME shell, as the Activities button was in the way. Now the window control buttons are in a corner.


How do I encrypt a user's home folder having no password?

You can't have an encrypted home for a user without a password as this defeats the entire purpose of encryption.

However, you can change the password for the user when the home is already encrypted. The thing is, you can't do this from another user account with root privileges.

The files are encrypted with a key that is stored on the hard drive. This key is then encrypted with the user's password. Even if you have root access, you will still need to use the old password.

The solution is to have the user change the password without any elevated privileges.

Login to the user account.
Open "System Settings".
Click "User Accounts".
Change the password from there.


My brother just bought a xbox one controller today and it does not work.

He tried the standard xpad driver as well as the xboxdrv but they apparently do not even recognize the press of a button :(

It's a sad thing to say but no you may not use a wired or wireless Xbox one(360 works absolutely fine) controller with ubuntu RIGHT NOW:

Looking around I was able to find this commit to the Linux kernel xpad driver

https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/1a48ff81b3912be5fadae3fafde6c2f632246a4c

That means the work is already done and we have to wait for ubuntu to reach the kernel version that includes this controbution.

It was committed 7 days ago, that means it will probably be included in kernel version 3.18, but I'm absolutely not an expert so my prediction might be worth nothing.

If we are lucky xboxdrv(alternative to the  standard driver) will add support soon.


juju: ERROR Unexpected Error interacting with provider: 409 CONFLICT

It means that the maas server has no nodes to allocate to juju, this has been changed to a more useful error message in more recent version of the juju in precise.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/juju/+bug/980855


Ubuntu Desktop 17.04 64-bit with encrypted home, slow boot

Got it, it's a Ubiquity problem with encrypted home option: system hangs because of ecryptfs-setup-swap not working with swapfiles !

I set up Ubuntu with encrypted Home like i always do, with the fix as described in the link boot went from ~200 seconds down to ~30 seconds, this is on a hdd.

Edit: the problem is when installing Ubuntu with encrypted home, 17.04 creates a swapfile instead of a swap partition like previous versions, then the installer writes a faulty config file.

Quote, from the Original Bug Report:

  In particular, ecryptfs-setup-swap puts in /etc/crypttab a line like
  this:

cryptswap1 UID=XXXXXXXX /dev/urandom
swap,offset=1024,cipher=aes-xts-plain64

  (like there were a swap partition with UID=XXXXXXXX) while with a
  swapfile it should put the following line:

cryptswap1 /swapfile /dev/urandom
swap,offset=1024,cipher=aes-xts-plain64

  If you manually change that line and reboot, you get rid of the
  problem - before rebooting, check also that your /etc/fstab file ends
  with:

#/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
/dev/mapper/cryptswap1 none swap sw 0 0

Because of this error Ubuntu spends a long time waiting for the swap.

fixed systemd-analyze blame

fixed systemd-analyze plot


NetLimiter is a traffic shaping / limiting application as far as I know, but as a consequence it is able to display traffic information connected to IP addresses.

I don't see how you could connect the nickname with the IP address if not by the current volume of traffic.

If you are looking for such information you can try iftop. It tells you the amount of input/output traffic by connection. (It is quite a capable tool, just needs some digging into the manual.)

Alternatively there is nethogs that displays the amount of traffic per application.


Error_log file size from Var/Log/Cups/ is increasing so much (70GB+)

Try this:

sudo service cups stop
sudo rm /etc/cups/subscriptions.conf*
sudo rm -r /var/cache/cups
sudo service cups start


Acces to my PC from hostile Access Point

All* the risk lies with web stuff. There are possible attack vectors that you may have been exposed to:

Unsecure web traffic was probably logged, cookies read. This allows people to log in as you on websites that aren't using HTTPS. This usually isn't a reset-your-password thing but you do need to invalidate your old sessions. How this works is largely dependent on the website.
See any certificate errors? If you did, your HTTPS traffic was also likely compromised.
Chat clients are habitually a bit weaker. IRC can use SSL but usually wont by default. Skype (and others from its generation) should be fine.

Software installation and updates (through the repos) are largely unaffected by bad networks because everything is signed. Package lists need to match up with their keys. Package hashes need to match up with their package lists. It's hard to properly interfere with that process.

If the SSID is still out there, download a Wifi scanner on your phone (many exist) and follow the signal strength. Get a good idea where it's coming from and then call the police. The person you've found is committing a fairly serious crime.

* Assuming you don't have open services inside your network (eg you have a server on your laptop that "trusts" anything with the same subnet). If you do (and some people do - I do but I'm wired) the level of risk depends on what you're running but I doubt there are many automated SSID-clone-hackers out there which will probe you too thoroughly.


Ubuntu One on Windows: pointing to the right Desktop

This is because you are using translated folder names for standard folders on Ubuntu. Ubuntu One does not rename folders when syncing to other devices. You will need to reconfigure your Windows system to point at the same folder, just sync both folders, or reconfigure Ubuntu to use untranslated folder names.


Lubuntu 15.04 32 bit does not boot automatically - black screen, or ASCII boot process

I installed the nVidia driver and that seems to have fixed the "will not boot" issue.

Thus: install the proprietary driver for your graphics card as it may be related to the startup process hanging/dying when it hits the graphics subsystem.


12.10 installation has taken 7.5 hours already

install should take no more than 15 minutes. I'm pretty sure the install dvd has errors. When you burn your disc use the slowest speed setting and check if the md5sum is correct.

Here are the md5sums for 12.10. Compare them to the md5sum of the iso on your installation disc. The one that's relevant to you is the one that ends with "desktop-i386.iso"

This guide explains how to do it on windows


Install kernel 2.6.x headers on a 3.11 machine and build driver using 2.6

Yes, just download and extract the 2.6.x kernel source code into a working directory in your home directory.

You can either use the ubuntu code or download a kernel from kernel.org, depending on your needs and if you need the ubuntu patches (apparmor and other patches) or not.

The linux kernel source code contains the headers.


Where are theme customizations in 11.10?

Open a terminal and run the command:

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

...then look for Advanced settings to run it.

http://www.installubuntulinux.com/2011/09/howto-change-system-font-sizes-in.html


Forward HTTP requests to local Apache server behind router?

You can. Apache server represent himself with ip address from nic card. If you configure apache server to listen on port 80. Also to do port fw you must have:

fix public ip address on wan side of router or ddns record for non fix public address
fix local address on server aka 192.168.x.x
do port fw on router from wan to lan for traffic on port 80
check firewall, must allow traffic to port 80

If you have you domain you can make A record on dns server

yourdomain.com      A   your_public_ip_address

When some wish to see you site traffic flow will go on this way:

enter a yourdomain.com in browser
pc ask dns to resolve logical name to ip address
pc send http req to ip address
request travel via internet to your wan interface on router
router pick traffic and forward to local ip, based on your rule
server got http req on nic card
server send answer to requester on same route


Is it safe to configure "Shutdown" on "When laptop lid is closed"?

As you mention, you may have problems with software not closing properly. Apart from that, the shutdown occurs as a proper shutdown sequence, exactly as if you had invoked it from the menus, so you're not going to have additional problems.

This is how I set up my own lapotop and my girlfriend's netbook, which cannot resume from sleep/hibernation properly. In two years, I haven't had any single problem related to shutdown via closing the lid.


I cannot see my partitions appear in Jupyter Notebook. What should I do?

Make a symlinks in home to easy access them.

mkdir ~/KIRITO
mkdir ~/NARUTO
ln -s /mnt/KIRITO ~/KIRITO
ln -s /mnt/NARUTO ~/NARUTO

You will find partitions in home folder


How to setup a Shared Folder on Mythbuntu without using SAMBA?

Yes. Mythbuntu is Ubuntu.
Anything you can install on Ubuntu you can install on Mythbuntu, it's just a respin. So just install the nfs client/server in the arrangement you need.

The full guide on NFS is very thorough. I'd argue it's too thorough for most people in closed networks because you really don't have to bother with the security if you trust every machine on the network.

My own cut-down guide should let you get up and running with minimal reading.


VPS bandwidth spike exactly once every hour

this is a very popular question.

I would suggest to to install Nethogs

  sudo apt-get install nethogs

Then, if you want to check your internet traffic.

  sudo nethogs eth0

If you want to check your LAN traffic (VPS)

  sudo nethogs eth1

Here You have some links to possible answers.
1.
How to monitor bandwidth usage per process?
2.
How do I find out which process is eating up my bandwidth?


Tethering not working: Activation failed

after installing dnsmasq, you need to configure it. Check /etc/dnsmasq.conf.
you can temporarily try setting a unused static IP/DNS addresses in the phone, and see if you can reach the Internet then.
if you're running both dnsmasq and systemd-resolved...

Do a ps auxc | grep -i dns and ps auxc | grep -i resolv and look for dnsmasq and systemd-resolved, and if both are running, you need to disable the DNS part of systemd-resolved by editing /etc/systemd/resolved.conf and...

change:

#DNSStubListener=yes

to:

DNSStubListener=no


I have the same card here using the 32-bit version of 12.04 and it is working out of the box. Here's the output of lspci:

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/PM/GMS, 943/940GML and 945GT Express Memory Controller Hub (rev 03)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03)
00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03)

Are you having issues with the card or just wanting to install the Intel driver over the default one?


Hostname of machine changed unexpectedly to mongodb after reboot

I think there are 2 places where the hostname values is set, you can edit them both manually with

sudo nano /etc/hostname
sudo nano /etc/hosts

That shouldn't give you any errors, then reboot


How to upload a Debian package to a repository when you have only the .deb file?

With reprepro, you don't need a changes file for uploading a deb file. There's the includedeb subcommand:

$ reprepro -b /var/www/repo includedeb xenial grep_3.1-2\~16.04.york0_amd64.deb
Exporting indices...
$ cd /var/www/repo; find pool
pool
pool/main
pool/main/g
pool/main/g/grep
pool/main/g/grep/grep_3.1-2~16.04.york0_amd64.deb

Change -b /var/www/repo to suit wherever your reprepro root directory is located.


I have toggled with the download options, limiting the amount of downloads and uploads allowed to run at the same time. I have also unchecked the 'use proxy for peer connections' box.

This seems to have solved the problem.


I can't bypass Grub2 even with timeout=0

Try this:

#/boot/grub/grub.cfg
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then
set timeout=0

The "recordfail" part is to prevent the system from booting up after e.g. a power loss. So if this works your family might be shutting down the computer incorrectly. There are probably better ways to solve this but I've seen many recommend this (and I even use this on my home server since I want it to automatically boot up when the power comes back on).


update manager tried to install older kernel 3.2.0.65 when 3.2.0.66 is already installed

if you don't have synaptic  package manager . install synaptic package manager.

$ sudo apt-get install synaptic

open it search in the quick filter for

linux-image

right click the kernel that you are wanting to keep '3.13.0-30.54'
mark for upgrade
right click on the kernel that you want to remove '3.13.0-30.54'
mark for removale & lock it by clicking in the menu package => lock version => uncheck auto install
then click on apply

$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

pic :


Mount error special device /dev/sda1 does not exist

Not sure this helps:
According what you write, you rebooted after creating the partition, it's old. And I assume you did not create new partitions on the disk since booting?
If that is true, this solution will not help, I think - but it will also do no harm (not change anything if it's ok already) - so you could just try:

Reread the partition table, in case the kernel did not yet notice a change there:

sudo sfdisk -R

The symptoms look like this is needed - don't know why.

(Let me know if it does help!)

See also Marius Gedminas answer on "Mount error, special device does not exists"


For the benefit of other nostalgic owners of the (old but still cute) Eee PC.

After some fight, today (2018/12/8) I managed to install Lubuntu 12-04 on my Eee PC 4G, portuguese keyboard and all.

What I learned:

The oficial repository seems to be broken but this mirror is up: https://phillw.net/isos/lubuntu/precise/
The alternate installers of versions 16.04 and 12.04 won't install.
The desktop versions of 14-04 and 16.04 won't work al all.
The desktop installer of 12.04 works but when trying to install complains about the SDD being smaller than 4.4GB. The trick to overcome this was to plug in a pendrive with more than 4.4GB and then it installed by default on the internal SDD with 1GB still to spare.


Trying to install Ubuntu on my Acer Aspire laptop!

Shut down the computer and insert the USB-stick.

Then hold the F2 key before hitting the power button and don't release it until you get to the bios settings. You may hear a loud beep, don't be alarmed, that's normal. Once you're inside the bios, you will have to change the boot order. Use the arrow keys and the return key for navigation. The exact wording may vary, but set it up, so that the pc checks for a bootable usb stick first and then for the drive you want to install Ubuntu on.

Then look for an option like "save and exit". Your pc will then reboot to the Ubuntu USB-stick. The installation process from the stick is self-explanatory.

After the installation, you may want to revisit the bios settings and disable all boot options except the drive you just installed Ubuntu on, to speed up the booting process in the future.

Have fun with your device!

Edit: The F2 key works on most acer machines. I myself have an Acer Aspire ES15 and I installed it that way. If it does not work, try all the other function keys, the DEL key, and the Esc key. If all of that does not work, your machine must be haunted.


If you give the command exec < file, then the current bash shell will read its input from file, rather than std-in.

I assume what happens when you give the commands individually in the terminal is the exec command works correctly, and your current (interactive) bash shell starts reading data-file (rather than your keyboard). I guess that data-file doesn't contain bash commands, and therefore bash responds with command not found.


Well I seemed to have solved it.  This answer was not the solution, but it suggested I look under /etc/apt/ then use

  sudo nano sources.list

At this point I noticed that some items had the prefix 'rs.ubuntu' while others were at 'gb.ubuntu'.  I changed all 'rs' prefixes to 'gb'.

It worked, and the Software Updater works fine too now.  Looks like it was just some problem with Serbia.


Menus, folders, programs are all hidden or invisible in Ubuntu 12.10

I solved my own problem.

I opened a terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) and the Terminal opened.

I wrote/pasted this:  software-center

and the Ubuntu Software center opened.

I searched/installed the Gnome Shell.

I restarted and I applied for Gnome Classic (No Effect)

That is it.

The Menus (Applications, Places, etc) is back as was in Ubuntu 10.04, etc.

Any refute or comment?

so this thread was solved by me, the Asker.

Just curious,, why this happened?
Physical problems with the computer?
or
is something new in the new Ubuntu 12.10 and above?


Use the Universal USB installer to do this job. You can download it fromUniversal USB installer


Problem loading Windows over Ubuntu - not reading boot usb on reboot

When you made the bootstick, make sure you had it flagged for boot.

If you just dragged 'n dropped the files over, it's likely the cause.

I'd use brasero, it should do it for you, that or use disk utility in Ubuntu.


Compiling Java project on command line with CPlex

The command I needed was

javac -classpath .:/opt/ibm/ILOG/CPLEX_Studio_Community128/cplex/lib/cplex.jar *.java

See the javac documentation for more info: http://www.cs.yorku.ca/tech/other/java/docs/tooldocs/solaris/javac.html (I should have checked this out earlier :O).

The .: at the beginning of the path allows me to include my current directory as well.


It is not necessary to install Minecraft. All you need to do is install Java.

Now right click on your Minecraft.jar file and select "Open with Oracle Java 7 Runtime"

That's it. Enjoy!

Related:

How do I install Java?
How can I install Sun/Oracle's proprietary Java JDK 6/7/8 or JRE?


Windows Boot Manager Breaks Ubuntu Boot Loader

I would suggest to run ubuntu from a live disc and install and run boot-repair, or alternatively you can use the boot-repair live disc..

Information on both can be found here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


How to delete a file from the opening dialogue of LibreOffice?

Don't think it is possible, sorry. The only alternative is to open it, then do Ctrl+Shift+S to see where it is saved, then browse to it in Files.

Although, this answer may help. It explains how to make a macro on Libre Office.


Jdk 6.0 update 6 installed sucessfully but java command not working

The location you installed Java to is probably not on your PATH variable. This is the list of directories the OS looks for executables in.

You can see this environment variable with

echo $PATH

You can edit the path your user gets by changing your ~/.profile script, or the PATH the whole system gets by adding a script to /etc/profile.d ; you'll need to add the folder the java executable is in.

An alternative is to make a symlink to the java executable from a folder that is already on your path.

The third alternative is to install one of the available Java packages from the Ubuntu repositories instead of downloading packages from Oracle. For most purposes, OpenJDK works fine, OpenJDK 7 being the official standard JDK for the Java compliance testing now. The Ubuntu packages of Java work correctly without additional setup for most cases.


I had this same issue after some updates today. I've done some testing and found that removing the sgrp="..." parameter to the volume allows them to mount. It looks like it thinks there are no volumes to mount because the user wasn't in the listed group.

This leads me to believe the problem is a result of this bug filed for the latest update to winbind that affects groups: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/samba/+bug/1573526

I've temporarily removed sgrp from my volumes and they seem to be mounting now. Hopefully that bug will get resolved and it will properly fix this. Hope this helps.

UPDATE: The bug linked above has been fixed and an update released, however I still had the same problem. Winbind was not returning group members for a given group (ie. "getent group " returned no members). Adding "winbind expand groups = 1" to smb.conf resolved this. I don't know if this relates to the new winbind update or not, but my groups are working again in pam_mount.conf.xml.


You probably need to re-install the drivers for your graphics card.

Next time you boot into Ubuntu, switch to a new TTY using ctrl+alt+F2. Log in with your username and password, then attempt to start the X server.

$ sudo startx

If it doesn't work then run this and then reboot:

$ sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf.orig /etc/X11/xorg.conf

If you get an error then run

$ sudo ls -l /etc/X11/xorg.*

and copy the old xorg config file over xorg.conf

If this doesn't fix it then reply with the output you receive to the commands above. And also to:

$ sudo dpkg --list 'linux-image*'

and:

$ glxinfo -i | grep render


*Solved* I'm trying to boot up Ubuntu using a USB, but the boot-up process is stuck

Solved it. Changed the USB stick I was using to a 8GB Sandisk Cruzer.

The BIOS then detected it as USB-HDD (although I still don't get what dictates which is an FDD and what is an HDD), and I'm now posting this from the Ubuntu installation.


ASUS N750JK internal speaker doesn't work

In Sound Settings change "Digital Output(S/PDIF)" to "Speakers"


Why are there so many thunderbolt messages in kern.log?

That you have bugged thunderbolt firmware.

Before march 7th your system would have crashed. There was a patch introduced that made this problem die gracefully so the system could continue. The person that tested this patch also got told by Lenovo there might be a BIOS update that would fix this but since it is August and not March you might want to report this directly to Lenovo support.


How to make my virtual machine access a pendrive?

It is possible. You need to:

open Virtual Machine Manager (virt-manager)
select your machine
choose Open
select View → Details
click Add Hardware and select USB Host Device:

click Finish
as the result the USB device will be shown in left list:

start your virtual machine as usual

Moreover you can boot from this USB device if you select it in Boot Options.

On my Ubuntu 16.04 LTS I see other option while VM is running - we need to select Virtual Machine menu item and choose Redirect USB device, then in opened Select USB devices for redirection window check the needed device and click on corresponding device:

This is possible because of already added default USB Redirector devices.


Recovering data from hard disk after an accidental Ubuntu reinstallation

Exactly the same thing happened to me. I managed to recover all my data with testdisk.

In my case I had 2 partitions - the Ubuntu install formatted my drive and deleted my second partition with all my data.
I simply re-enabled the partition (I think I set it from deleted to logical..) and I could access everything from Ubuntu again.
It was also possible to copy the files from within testdisk to another drive/partition.

Good luck!


How to restore window decorations for maximized windows in unity?


Problem starting bkcrack from a terminal

You need to use time ./bkcrack -C MYFILE.zip -c ABCD.pdf -p plain.txt -o 30 -x 0 504B0304 > 1.log & tail -f 1.log to tell bash you want to use the program bkcrack in the current directory ./ or use the entire path to it in the command. The directory you are in is not in the PATH for bash to find it.


inoticoming

  inoticoming is a daemon to watch a directory with Linux's inotify framework and trigger actions once files with specific names are placed in there.

  For example it can be used to wait for .changes files uploaded into a directory and call reprepro to put them into your repository.

Manual page of inoticoming

incron

  incron is an "inotify cron" system. It works like the regular cron but is driven by filesystem events instead of time events. This package provides two programs, a daemon called "incrond" (analogous to crond) and a table manipulator "incrontab" (like "crontab").

  incron uses the Linux Kernel inotify syscalls.

  like cron, each user can edit its own incron tables.

Manual page of incrond
Manual page of incrontab
Manual page of icron.conf


OpenVPN TLS HandShake Failed with Linux Server/Windows Client

If you are sure that you are connecting to correct public IP address then Ubuntus firewall might be blocking the connection.
OpenVPN works for me with following rules:

iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i tun+ -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o tun+ -j ACCEPT

And ofcourse need to save the rules. Iptables-persistent is nice tool for this:

sudo apt-get install iptables-persistent

After it's installed, you can save/reload iptables rules anytime:

sudo /etc/init.d/iptables-persistent save
sudo /etc/init.d/iptables-persistent reload

For further troubleshooting you could monitor the traffic from server side to see if anything is reaching port 1194:

sudo apt-get-install ngrep
ngrep port 1194

Good luck


How much space is required for snapshots in ZFS?

The actual meta-data of snapshots are negligible.

As a copy-on-write file system, ZFS snapshots only require space for modified data; creating a snapshot does not immediately duplicate everything. If you have a snapshot of given size, and then add or modify files summing up to 100GB, the snapshot will "cost" you 100GB.

It might even be a little bit smaller because of compression and deduplication.


Where is the bin folder in Ubuntu 12.04?

Open Nautilus and press ctrl + H to show hidden files. Then start typing .mine... to quickly select the folder .Minecraft and enter it. There is a folder called bin. Enter it, toot, and paste whatever you want to paste there. If these folders don't exist, you probably have to create them.

Since you're new to this page: Please press the tick on the left it this solves your problem.


Test this:

# server-identifier 192.168.1.2;
ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
authoritative;
default-lease-time 900;
max-lease-time 7200;
option ip-forwarding off;
option domain-name "mydomain.example";
option ntp-servers 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, 2.pool.ntp.org, 3.pool.ntp.org;
shared-network mydomain {

    subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
         option routers 192.168.1.254;
         option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
         option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
         option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.2;
         option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.2;
         range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.100;
         range 192.168.1.150 192.168.1.200;
    }
}


Ok - it's solved. This is almost a story for r/talesfromtechsupport. The short version:

I did some research and experiments and found out that I can open a terminal when I define the SHELL environment variable manually. With ALT + F2 you can open an "Application Finder" in xfce. There I ran:

env SHELL=/bin/bash gnome-terminal

So now I had a working terminal, but my other problems persisted. Some more research let me to the question why the SHELL variable is not set correctly. I tried to find the default shell setting for my user in /etc/passwd, but was not able to find my user there. Then it dawned on me: My user is part of a (windows) domain system. With

getent passwd $USER

I looked up the settings for my network user, and lo and behold, the registered shell was /bin/false. So I contacted the domain admins. They told me they applied some changes yesterday to prevent logins on the servers by normal users.

That was the problem. Nobody else experienced it, because I'm the only user here with a linux client. The admins changed the setting and I'm back at work.

Thank you for your help!


Can I run the webapps independently from the browser?

No, a web application needs to run inside the web browser.

That being said there's still some things Ubuntu's webapps integration code could do that it's not doing yet, like running the application without all the browser's UI to make the web application feel more native, but that work is not complete yet.


If you want a user to have sudo  permission for other commands, but not to be able to log in as root, you need to edit the visudo file and specify the access you want the user to have.

sudo visudo

Then inside that file you would define the user and give permissions based on what you want that user to be able to do, for example

test    ALL=(ALL:`/home/test/) /home/test/, /usr/bin/vi, !/usr/bin/su

The above states that user test is allowed to access their home directory, run vim with sudo (as root) but nothing else. I am also explicitly telling the sudoers file to not allow the user to run su.

You should take a moment and read the sudoers manual, it explains everything.


Ubuntu 18.04 (ESXi 6.5) -- Live Server crashing -- Pasting 21 Lines

This seems to be caused by VMXNET 3 some how. This issue also spread to all of my VMs running 18.04, including brand new installs with no patches.  I finally got an error message stating something about the driver. I migrated all of my vUbuntu 18.04 to e1000s and they've worked perfectly since.


What Redshift does is to set the colour temperature of your screen from 6500 (normal color temperature) to 3700 ("night"  setting for Redshift).

What probably happened is that you removed the application while your screen was set to 3700. By removing Redshift, it was left in that state.

What you need to do

You have two options:

Try to set the colour temperature of your screen back, manually, to 6500 (via the button menu that most screens have)

or

Reinstall Redshift; don't run the interface, but set the temperature from command line:

redshift -O 6500

Then uninstall redshift again.

Either one of these options should work.


For root/sudo user it is possible to just create folders in /home that are not associated to any user account. That is why ls /home is not a good command to check for users.

To list all users that have their home folder below "/home", you can run:

getent passwd | grep "/home" | cut -d: -f1

List all users: getent passwd | cut -d: -f1

Check if user u942 exists: getent passwd | grep u942. If you get no output, no such user exists.

If the output is empty, you can delete that folder (you might need sudo) rm -Rf /home/u942. But double check the contents of the folder before you delete it.


Latest Upstream Samba on Ubuntu 16.04 how?

In order to install the latest upstream version of Samba, you will first need to install Samba's dependencies. According to this article, the following should install what you need

 sudo apt-get install acl attr autoconf bison build-essential \
 debhelper dnsutils docbook-xml docbook-xsl flex gdb krb5-user \
 libacl1-dev libaio-dev libattr1-dev libblkid-dev libbsd-dev \
 libcap-dev libcups2-dev libgnutls28-dev libjson-perl \
 libldap2-dev libncurses5-dev libpam0g-dev libparse-yapp-perl \
 libpopt-dev libreadline-dev perl perl-modules pkg-config \
 python-all-dev python-dev python-dnspython python-crypto \
 xsltproc zlib1g-dev libgpgme11-dev python-gpgme python-m2crypto

You can then download the the latest version of samba here.

Once you extract the archive to a directory, you can run the following in the directory to which you have extracted:

./configure
make
sudo make install

For further instructions on building samba, see this article.


Problems while using an SSD. Some HDD and SSD partitions fail to mount

From blkid, you can see that the UUIDs have changed. Perhaps this occurred after you re-partitioned?

For example, blkid shows

/dev/sdb8: UUID="179768ad-16ec-4c94-b9a1-cf1d12736dbc" TYPE="swap"

i.e. the swap partition is now 179768ad-16ec-4c94-b9a1-cf1d12736dbc. Make a backup, then change the relevant line in /etc/fstab from

UUID=731f3b08-ae9f-4e0e-ae1e-ef89e2acbc2e none            swap    sw              0       0

to

UUID=179768ad-16ec-4c94-b9a1-cf1d12736dbc none            swap    sw              0       0

I'm not sure which of the other partitions belong where, but do similar modifications for the other ones that fail.

Also, I'm not sure if it'd work anyway, but you might as well be consistent with your formatting. i.e. instead of

/dev/disk/by-uuid/2066a69f-8284-4c83-8bfd-9c33453255b8 ....

use

UUID=2066a69f-8284-4c83-8bfd-9c33453255b8 ....

EDIT

Now I look at it, from the last two lines of /etc/fstab, it seems that you are trying to mount two partitions to /mnt/SSDData? Presumably sda is your SSD and consists of / and /mnt/SSDData in that order? If so, then remove the second-last line of /etc/fstab. (And clean it up as per my above instructions.)

Also, the third last line of /etc/fstab makes reference to 13b5fbd9-9f8e-495e-abe8-36dec9db8e9d, which is not in blkid. OTOH, there are some extra partitions in blkid that are not in /etc/fstab, so I'm not sure if you wanted to change that /etc/fstab to the proper UUID, or just delete it.


Removing Bluez will result in a great deal of packages being removed, you can check that with synaptic or just read the confirmation message what will be removed. I would advise against this as it might be hard trying to reinstall needed packages for other bluetooth stacks (I haven't heard of any other than Bluez though)

As for recognizing the bluetooth adapter; you can check that with hciconfig. It will show you your Bluetooth Device. Using the -h  parameter also shows a list of possible options to help you troubleshoot why it is not being recognized, such as the pairing mode.  You could also try to -reset it. What are you trying to pair, by the way? The BT adapter with the PC? If so; that isn't necessary and quite impossible if I recall correctly.

I'm not sure what you mean with "When I compiled the driver I managed to get it recognized" Did you use any tools and what do you mean by recognized? What driver did you compile; Bluez?

Versions 4.x of Bluez are still distributed with Ubuntu distro's whereas the unstable branches of Debian have almost up-to-date 5.x releases of Bluez. You could try running a Debian version that has the 5.x releases of Bluez in it and see if you are able to pair or do anything. You can check your version of Bluez with bluetoothd -v.

Switching from 4.x to 5.x helped me a lot and fixed a lot of errors regarding my Bluetooth workflow.


Availability of pdf2htmlex package in Ubuntu 18.04

The pdf2htmlEX development has been picked up by others again, and the deb files they put on GitHub work for me (xubuntu 18.04):

https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/releases/tag/v0.16.0-poppler-0.62.0-ubuntu-18.04


Increasing casper-rw size of a YUMI Persistent install.

Assumed existing flash drive with YUMI persistent install with 8GB casper-rw file.
Use YUMI to make a second Persistent install of desired persistence size, do not boot it.
Mount old flash drives using:

sudo mkdir /media/casper1

sudo mount -o loop /media//MULTIBOOT/multiboot/ubuntu-18.04.1/casper-rw /media/casper1/
Mount second flash drives using:

sudo mkdir /media/casper2

sudo mount -o loop /media//MULTIBOOT/multiboot/ubuntu-18.04.1/casper-rw /media/casper2/
Use rsync or Grsync to copy Upper and Work to the new flash drive.

Use the new drive as your portable OS, recycle the old flash drive, there is nothing of much use on it except the old persistence file, (which can be used as backup).

Copying casper-rw from one version of Ubuntu to the next does not work, but copying the home directory from upper does.

With YUMI the persistence file is NTFS and must be contiguous to satisfy grub4dos. You may manage to fit the new install on the same flash drive as the old, if it will fit without fragmentation.


Navigate to /usr/share/thumbnailers
Edit the file ffmpegthumbnailer.thumbnailer
Flags such as -f can be set for removing frames and additional mime types could be added for extending thumbnail feature to those types.


2 resources that will help you understand the boot process better:

bootchart

sudo apt-get install bootchart
sudo reboot

Now every time a chart like this one will be created in /var/log/bootchart/ every time you reboot.  You can learn a lot by looking at a boot chart of a system you know intimately: yours! ;-)
IBM's manual Inside the Linux Boot Process


Why is 12.04 using a PAE dependent kernel by default?

Simple: To support vast quantities of RAM in a 32bit environment.

Lots of people were installing the (then) recommended 32bit install and wondering why their new computers with 4 and even 8GB of RAM were only showing 2-3GB. By using the PAE kernel, the vast majority of that RAM is now addressable and usable.

This is fine for people who have computers built this century. To get a computer that doesn't have 32bit PAE support, we need a really old computer. We're talking PII/Geode level old, but also Pentium M machines like lots of Thinkpads.

These are computers that should be thrown into the sun. They are far below what people throw out and much better machines can be had for almost nothing on Ebay and the like.

There's an added side-effect of PAE that I've only just become aware of: NX. In 64bit mode all users get NX (No eXecute) which allows the system to separate out storage RAM from process RAM. This allows an application to suffer a buffer overflow without then being able to stuff a ton of malicious executable code in RAM and run it.

That's a obviously massive simplification but to further answer the question: it makes the computer more secure too.

And what's more to appease the super-low-end users the defaults for Lubuntu and Xubuntu will be a non-PAE kernel.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-cdimage/+bug/955009
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-cdimage/+bug/958866

If you are on a lower-end computer, chances are you won't want Unity eating up the few remaining CPU cycles you have left, so they're a much saner starting point anyway.


On Debian based distro you should use virt-resize instead. This handle pretty much everything under the hood now. Let's assume your image is called Win7 (why not?). First thing make sure your VM is shut down:

Install the tool:

# apt-get install libguestfs-tools

Get the location of your VM disk:

# virsh dumpxml Win7 | xpath -e /domain/devices/disk/source
Found 2 nodes in stdin:
-- NODE --
<source file="/var/lib/libvirt/images/Win7.img" />
-- NODE --
<source file="/var/lib/libvirt/images/Win7.iso" />

You may need to adapt /var/lib/libvirt/images/Win7.img in the following:

# virt-filesystems --long --parts --blkdevs -h -a /var/lib/libvirt/images/Win7.img
Name       Type       MBR  Size  Parent
/dev/sda1  partition  07   100M  /dev/sda
/dev/sda2  partition  07   32G   /dev/sda
/dev/sda   device     -    32G   -

Create your 64G disk:

# truncate -s 64G /var/lib/libvirt/images/outdisk

You'll need to expand /dev/sda2 (not the boot partition):

# virt-resize --expand /dev/sda2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/Win7.img /var/lib/libvirt/images/outdisk
Examining /var/lib/libvirt/images/Win7.img ...
 100% [progress bar] --:--
**********

Summary of changes:

/dev/sda1: This partition will be left alone.

/dev/sda2: This partition will be resized from 32G to 64G.  The
    filesystem ntfs on /dev/sda2 will be expanded using the
    'ntfsresize' method.

**********
Setting up initial partition table on outdisk ...
Copying /dev/sda1 ...
Copying /dev/sda2 ...
 100% [progress bar] 00:00
 100% [progress bar] 00:00
Expanding /dev/sda2 using the 'ntfsresize' method ...

Resize operation completed with no errors.  Before deleting the old
disk, carefully check that the resized disk boots and works correctly.

Make a backup just in case (or use mv if you do not want the backup):

# cp /var/lib/libvirt/images/Win7.img /var/lib/libvirt/images/Win7.img.old
# mv /var/lib/libvirt/images/outdisk /var/lib/libvirt/images/Win7.img

Now boot !

For more info: man virt-resize


How to add a custom driver to my kernel?

To add a module you can issue the command

modprobe drivername

To see the status of modules

lsmod

To learn more please read this

Also you can read this and this


Weeks of failed attempts to install Ubuntu

You are asking for a way of installing an OS on a machine that does not boot from CD nor from USB and complain that it is not easy. Do you think installing any OS on such a machine would be easy? Even Windows (which is backed by Billions of Dollars) has pretty much nothing it could do at that point.

But you are lucky, Linux has solutions for pretty much everything, all you need is some expertise and some time:

I would not recommend installing regular Ubuntu on any machine that old. Get Lubuntu, it uses a different desktop called LXDE which is way more lightweight than Unity.
If the desktop gets unresponsive, hitting Ctrl+Alt+F1 will give you a console where you can enter commands like "top" that will tell you which process hung up, etc.
If you don't have enough experience with Linux and try something as tricky as you are describing, maybe it is best to find a Linux user in your area that can visit you and help you with the setup. Local Linux user groups are also generally happy to help you! http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_user_group
Another place where you might get help is at your local university. Many CS students use Linux, and some student organizations might help you.
Another place to come looking for help is, of course, the internet. Look for an IRC channel or forum where you might find people willing to help. I am sorry, but your question is way too broad and not specific enough to tell you exactly which steps to follow. You either need a complete guide-through or post questions about which specific problems you encounter. And no, "Desktop freezes" is NOT specific enough.
If you could get a working CD/DVD drive (maybe just "borrow" it from another old PC), you should be out of trouble. Booting from a CD/DVD drive is still the best supported option for installing any OS, and there are plenty of walkthroughs and wiki articles regarding any specific aspect of it.


Using gmail with thunderbird to download heavy emails and clear space for gmail

Within Thunderbird, you can move files out of your gmail account to a local folder. Before proceeding, you should empty any Gmail folder except "Gmail - All Mail", such that all mail appears only in the latter. The safest way to do that will be from the gmail interface: just remove any labels of any email you want to move out. Then you can move selected mail from "All Mail" to a local folder using either drag and drop or, perhaps better and more precise, using right-click, move. If you do many files at a time, chances are real that the process gets interrupted. The result is that some mails are copied over to the local folder, but still remain on the gmail account as well, leaving your transaction in an inconsistent state.

The by far better approach, however, would be to use the google service Google Takeouts that is connected to your account. This way, your email, or selected email, is archived into an mbox email file, which you then can download from the Google Takeouts service as a zip file. mbox happens to be the format that is used by Thunderbird. You can then place the mbox file under "Local Folders" while Thunderbird is not running. When you start Thunderbird, Thunderbird will index the file and present it as a folder under "Local Folders". The folder will have the name of the mbox file.


After upgrade from 14.04 to 16.04, nginx error 502: bad gateway until nginx is restarted

I cross posted this question at serverfault after 24 hours and I am going to include the resolution to my particular issue here for posterity..

In my configuration, the proxy_pass directive of the relevant nginx location block stated:

proxy_pass http://localhost:4040;

However, the upstream service was actually binding to the ipv4 address, and is also slower to start at bootup than nginx.

When nginx checked the status of the upstream server, its connection was refused. Thereafter when nginx attempted to re-check the status of the upstream server, it continued to check only on the IPV6 address [::1].

To resolve the issue I specified the ipv4 address (127.0.0.1) instead of localhost, thus forcing nginx to use ipv4 only. It all works as expected, now.


Why isn't this script to delete part of my command history working on my computer?

In one sentence: it doesn't work because you aren't calling it correctly.

First, since your script doesn't start with #!/bin/bash, it isn't actually a bash script. Which shell it is executed by depends on how you invoke it. When you invoke it from the bash command line, bash forks a new instance of itself (this has to happen to execute any external command anyway), and it's this new instance that executes the script. So the script is executed with the same settings (including the history so far) as the parent shell. It is executed with different options; in particular, history tracking is off for the commands in the script (which suits you, since otherwise it would add to the history that you want to modify).

Whether the bash instance executing the script has the HISTFILE variable set depends on whether it was exported in the parent (which is a little weird). If it isn't exported and thus set in the child, then the child script won't save the modified history when it ends.

If HISTFILE is exported, then the child script will modify your history file. However, unless you've configured your interactive shell to reload the history after every command, the modified history will only be picked up by newly started instances of bash.

If you want to run a shell snippet that affects the current shell instance, you must run that shell in the current shell instance, instead of running it as a subprocess. You'd run into a similar problem if you wanted to do other things that affect the shell process itself, such as changing directories, setting variables, etc. Use the . (“dot”) or source builtin to run a script in the current shell process.

. idelhistory 300 365

Alternatively, you could define this as a function in your .bashrc.


Ubuntu 20.04 Brightness Control Setting Unavailable

I have same CPU and GPU as you on a Asus computer and the issue of brightness was solved with 5.8 Kernel. Onmy this kernel supports renoir architecture.
So update your kernel to 5.8

Graphical version with Ubuntu Mainline Kernel Installer
Terminal script here https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-upgrade-kernel-to-latest-version-on-ubuntu-20-04-focal-fossa-linux


In case it helps someone, something similar happened to me, I had the automatic login enabled and after updating the system the ubuntu login it would not let me log in
The solution was to comment on the lines of the automatic login accessing from the console in file /etc/gdm3/custom.conf
#AutomticLoginEnable=true
#AutomaticcLogin=name


What does the last number in the cron time mean?

The last part is day of week. So 0,6 is Sunday and Saturday.

https://crontab.guru/#0_2_12_*_0,6


How can I disable Pulseaudio system mode and use the normal systemd per user services on a headless server?

It turns out that it had nothing to do with a "normal" version of Pulseaudio running in system mode, but that my instance of Homeassistant Supervised was taking over the audio of the host system, see https://github.com/home-assistant/plugin-audio/issues/12 for information.
So now I'll revert back to Homeassistant core and hopefully the issue is solved.


HP Envy 6 ultrabook touchpad wont use the gestures

Have you installed the touchpad drivers? Try to install the xserver-xorg-input-synaptics package by running sudo apt-get install -f xserver-xorg-input-synaptics on the terminal.


Nice network you got, since you mentioned other systems work without the hiccups you're right to suspect your box.

I had this problem and it was a Fedora post about disabling IPv6 that made the difference and normalized things.

I'd copy that /etc/sysctl.conf before editing it in case it doesn't help and a butchered config is just a new wound.

sudo cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysclt.conf.BACKED

sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf

and append these lines

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1

net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1

net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1

If you have the courage, you can just cat the file to determine if ipv6 configs are already included and if not, you can cat those lines and skip the gedit

sudo cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysclt.conf.BACKED

cat /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1" | sudo tee -a  /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf

dump the config file again to verify the changes took effect and you didn't stomp it

cat /etc/sysctl.conf

I rebooted to make sure the change was effected and my WiFi behaved as it should.

I hope this makes a difference for you.


How to fix "You are not allowed to perform this action"

I do everything through the terminal, but if I recall correctly, there's some program (possibly gksu or gksudo; there may be a different one for xubuntu) which will prompt for your password when you try to do things which require root via the gui. Check if you have those installed.


Ping will not work without a route direct to the internet. That you have to indicates that you do not have such a route, but rather have to go trough a proxy. This is common in corporate environments.

As you get no error messages when you run apt update, this indicates that everything is fine.


Place the Ubuntu ISO at the root of the SSD.

Modify the /boot/grub/grub.cfg as shown:

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
menuentry "Ubuntu-18.04 64-bit ISO" {
    set root=(hd0,1)
    set isofile="/ubuntu-18.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
        loopback loop $isofile
        linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile splash --
        initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
}
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

(hd0,1) assumes root is sda1.
If your grub is located on the HDD and not the SSD you will need to give the correct path to the ISO file, set root=(hd?,?).


Display only processes by a user in htop?

From man htop:

   -u --user=USERNAME
          Show only the processes of a given user

So, if you run htop -u colord, you'll only see processes by the user colord.


How to install the richdocuments plugin on Owncloud?

For the following process I assume you have an already working and running owncloud-server installation on your server. I have tested this on a VM with 16.04 LTS server, so no fancy own configurations, you may have to adapt that to fit your situation.

1. Preparation:

sudo apt-get install build-essential git libtool m4 autoconf automake libpng12-dev libcap-dev libpoco-dev

2. Creation of the distribution:

cd ~
git clone https://github.com/owncloud/richdocuments.git
cd richdocuments/
make dist

3. Installation of what we just created:

sudo apt-get install php-apcu
cd /var/www/owncloud/apps/
sudo tar -xf ~/richdocuments/owncloud-collabora-online-0.15.1.tar.gz
sudo mv owncloud-collabora-online-0.15.1/ richdocuments/
cd ../../config
sudo nano config.php

Add this line:

'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu'

After that:

cd ..
sudo ./occ app:enable richdocuments

Note: loolwsd is not included in the bundle you can get it with git clone https://github.com/LibreOffice/online.git, please refer to the README in the loolwsd subdirectory on how to build and setup. After that build loleaflet as well.

You need to configure the WOPI Client URL, which is where the LibreOffice Online WebSocket Daemon (loolwsd) is listening.

sudo ./occ config:app:set --value='https://<hostname or IP address>:<port>' richdocuments wopi_url

Default port is 9980. If loolwsd was compiled without SSL, you have to write http instead of https. If you use SSL, and you get the following error:

cURL error 60: SSL certificate problem: self signed certificate in certificate chain

You have to add the CA cert manually to ownCloud trusted cert storage:

sudo cat ca-chain.cert.pem >> owncloud/resources/config/ca-bundle.crt


Appending specified property of a specified header within a ini file

Using sed:

sed "/\[Header2\]/,/\[/{/^property2/ s/$/ AppendedValue/}" infile

This will look for the lines between [Header2] and [ (which would be the start character of next unknown Header), then append the AppendedValue string to the end of a line if started with property2; the {sed-script} part only applies for the block matched within given patterns range, and other lines out of this range will be printed with no changes which is sed's default action.

You can use above in this way too:

sed "/\[Header2\]/,/\[/{s/^property2.*/& AppendedValue/}" infile

If you want to be more specific:

sed "/^\[Header2\]/,/^property2/{/^property2/ s/$/ AppendedValue/}" infile


Tomboy Notes uses the /home/user/.local/share/tomboy/ directory. Make sure that you have the ability to view hidden files.  Press Ctrl+H to display all the hidden folders and files contained in the home folder.  So you can copy the contents of that folder to a different location or back it up using your favorite backup software.


Restoring Virtualbox machine images from old hard drive

You might want to try a file recovery software like photorec.  As it seems that you are working with a damaged drive.

Another idea, did you try opening the vdi file directly from the old hdd?  I am not sure how that would help to be honest, but if that drive mounts and delivers data, you could check if the vdi file is corrupted, or whether this is a balky broken hdd that is just unwilling to give up the data.

Indeed, even if the file is quite corrupt, I would think you should be able to copy it anyway, even if you couldn't actually use it.

I am not expert, just trying to help :-)

Good luck.


System Software Problem detected: Toshiba Satellite NB10t-A

You may have a problem with an older computer, with an older GPU. Try this...

sudo -H gedit /etc/gdm3/custom.conf # edit this file

change:

    #WaylandEnable=false

to:

    WaylandEnable=false

Save the file and quit gedit. Then reboot.


xmodmap is not working properly on resume

I am also having this problem on 11.04. This was not always the case -- it just started happening to me some day, so my best guess is that it was due to some sort of software update.

Nevertheless, it is extremely irritating. I found this thread, which suggests that you can add a script /etc/acpi/resume.d/50-xmodmap.sh that runs on wakeup to invoke xmodmap.

Though someone else suggested that this bug may not get fixed and that you may be forced to use the GUI. Because my desired remapping is pretty simple (I just want to remap Caps Lock to Control), that's what I did. This was actually tricky to find, as I had to:

Find the Keyboard GUI app
Choose the Layouts tab
Click the Options button
Expand the "Ctrl key position" header because the desired option was not under "Caps Lock key behavior"
Check the "Make Caps Lock an additional Ctrl" box

Admittedly, if you're a long-time .Xmodmap user, this is pretty annoying, but it's better than running xmodmap manually every time you log in.


Ubuntu 20.04 no longer contains font Noto Sans Syriac Eastern

Ubuntu 20.04 has the very same selection as Debian unstable (not sure what you see that I don't), and I think Debian gets the fonts from here. There is an upstream issue about it. Looks like they admit they made a mistake and will split it into separate fonts again.
In the meantime you can try to download Noto Sans Syriac Eastern from here and install it manually.


Dell Latitude D830 unable to connect to the internet

Please get a temporary wired ethernet connection, open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Detach the ethernet and do:

sudo modprobe -r b43 && sudo modprobe b43

Your wireless should now be working.


Defective package uninstalled some apps from Ubuntu

This should install any desktop package missing:

 sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop


Nautilus doesn't open folders on desktop "Failed to execute child process “net” (No such file or directory)"

The only way to open folders was to open by "files"

means that you can open nautilus.

The following screenshot shows that when you look for nau[tilus] in Activities, you will find Files.


How to use icons into the main Applications menu

To create or modify the .desktop files for applications and scripts, you can use Arronax. It will allow use to change icons. It will also allow you to create .desktop files from scratch.

To install it, use Synaptic. Start Synaptic from the dashboard. Click the RELOAD icon, then the SEARCH icon, then enter arronax, you'll see three results, mark them all of installation, then click the APPLY icon.

update: if it's not in your Synaptic, you can go directly to the website http://www.florian-diesch.de/software/arronax/ to get it.


error:command line option 'e' [from -dev] is not understood in combination with other options

It looks like there was simply an error in copying the command.
According to the PetaLinux Tools Documentation Reference Guide UG1144 (v2018.3) December 5, 2018, the correct command should be:
sudo apt-get install -y gcc git make net-tools libncurses5-dev tftpd zlib1g-dev libssl-dev flex bison libselinux1 gnupg wget diffstat chrpath socat xterm autoconf libtool tar unzip texinfo zlib1g-dev gcc-multilib build-essential libsdl1.2-dev libglib2.0-dev zlib1g:i386 screen pax gzip

or (with some line contiuations for clarity)
sudo apt-get install -y gcc git make net-tools libncurses5-dev tftpd \
  zlib1g-dev libssl-dev flex bison libselinux1 gnupg wget diffstat \
  chrpath socat xterm autoconf libtool tar unzip texinfo zlib1g-dev \
  gcc-multilib build-essential libsdl1.2-dev libglib2.0-dev zlib1g:i386 \
  screen pax gzip

Somehow, your command managed to excise the string libsdl1.2-dev libglib2.0, leaving characters -dev which the apt-get command is parsing as a sequence of single-letter options -d, -e and -v; the first and last of these are actually supported options (although they don't make sense in this context) however -e is not a valid option - hence the error message.


You'll need the bluez package. It may require some python dependencies using pip. If you receive any errors about header files from pybluez (which is common), you can find the fix here.

sudo apt install bluez

man hcitool


How to install Mac OS theme on Ubuntu 12.10?

See this post on NoobsLab and simply follow the directions.

It looks nice. There's a Firefox theme, Wallpapers, Cairo Dock, an icon set - the full package.

You can find other Mac themes besides this on Google, too.


As far as I know Nautilus does not have a shortcut for this but you can create a new empty file using this trick:

Press context menu key (which opens up right click menu), then press D and E. A new file will be created.

Edit:

Context menu key is next to the win key:


This worked for me:

sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Open gnome-tweak
In the Keyboard and mouse tab of gnome-tweak-tool:
enable Show All Input Sources and Show location of Pointer.
Restart session (I just restarted my system)


You must add the new mount to /etc/fstab, using the existing root mount as a start point ad adapt it.


How to set up Skype 5.4.0.1 to recognize my Omega ouv175 webcam on Ubuntu 16.04?

Since Microsoft has chosen to strip down Skype to its less than bare essentials, all of the customization preferences have disappeared, and if it doesn't see your camera, there's currently nothing that can be done about it, except hope that a future version will work for you.

Update #1:

You might try...

plugging the camera directly into a computer USB port (not via a hub or extender)
try using a different computer USB port


Why is my MTS MBlaze dongle not getting detected?

Ubuntu is so powerful that it can detect any Modem. You need to do just proper setting to use it. For Mblaze Customer Care no. are (Call no. as per your state and city)

Bihar:        9135-955-955
Delhi:        9136-955-955
Haryana:      9138-955-955
Karnataka:    9141-955-955
Kerala:       9142-955-955
Kolkata:      9153-955-955
Maharashtra:  9145-126-126
Mumbai:       9146-126-126
Pune:         9146-126-126
Rajasthan:    9667-955-955
Tamil Nadu:   9150-955-955
West Bengal:  9153-955-955

Ask Customer care and note details of

APN:
Username:
Password:
Dial Number:

I suggest you to ask these details because it can change as per different state.

Click in network manager (See in top right panel)
Click on "edit connections" then go to mobile broadband
Click on "Add". Select India as a country and MTS as a provider.
Now go to mobile broadband tab. Edit details that provided by customer care.

You will be able to connect Internet through mblaze. No need to other software or driver.


I figured it out in case someone one day comes across the same situation.

I simply booted into safe mode and selected:

  dpkg

It was resolved and I was able to boot back in normally.
However, reverting back to the last kernel can also fix the problem since the current kernel was corrupted.


How to clean duplicates existing in one folder from another recursively?

Below are two solutions, depending on how we define "duplicate":

Files with the same relative path, or
Files with the same content but not necessarily the same name

If by "duplicate" we mean two files which share the same relative path, then you could use find and xargs to remove the duplicates. For example, suppose you have

~/tmp% tree A
A
└── Excellent
    ├── bar
    ├── baz
    └── foo
~/tmp% tree B
B
├── Bad
│   └── quux
├── Excellent
│   ├── bar
│   ├── baz
│   └── foo
└── Good

Then

find /home/unutbu/tmp/A  -depth -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -I{} bash -c 'rm "/home/unutbu/tmp/B${1#*A}"' - {}

results in

~/tmp% tree B
B
├── Bad
│   └── quux
├── Excellent
└── Good

Or, if by "duplicate" we mean two files share the same content, though perhaps not the same filename, then you could use rdfind:

sudo apt-get install rdfind

If we have this directory structure:

~/tmp% tree A
A
└── Excellent
    ├── bar
    ├── baz
    └── foo

1 directory, 3 files
~/tmp% tree B
B
├── Bad
│   └── quux
├── Excellent
│   ├── barbar
│   ├── bazbaz
│   └── foofoo
└── Good

where barbar has the same content as bar, and similarly for bazbaz and foofoo, then

rdfind -deleteduplicates true A B

results in

~/tmp% tree B
B
├── Bad
│   └── quux
├── Excellent
└── Good

Alternate solution in case your version of Ubuntu does not include rdfind:

You could instead use fdupes:

sudo apt-get install fdupes
fdupes --recurse --delete --noprompt A B


Upgrading from 10.10 to 11.04 when 10.10 was installed using Wubi

It will be fine. I just did that a few weeks ago. It just does it's thing and all your files will be unaffected. Everything stays in your Wubi virtual partition. Nothing is formatted and it does not affect Windows in any way. :)


Can I replace Windows Vista that is on my laptop with Ubuntu 16.04

you could do a temporary boot from a USB and see how you get on.I have installed Ubuntu on 5 computers and it was worked every time. One laptops wifi did not work with Windows but worked fine with Ubuntu. I would use the previous LTS - precise pangolin as 16.04 is a bit too new. I suggest you go to Unetbootin download an image to a usb and give it a try. Also for Printing Ubuntu is usually plug and play unless you are getting into wireless printing. If your laptop is old and lacks memory you could try Lubuntu or Peppermint; both are based on Ubuntu but are made lite to help with the capabilities of older machines.

Give it a go - I did and I never looked back to Windows.

Distro available at Unetbootin;

Ubuntu
Kubuntu
Xubuntu
Lubuntu
Debian
openSUSE
Arch Linux
Damn Small Linux
SliTaz

Linux Mint
Zenwalk
Slax
Dreamlinux
Elive
CentOS
Mandriva
FreeBSD
NetBSD

Fedora
PCLinuxOS
Sabayon Linux
Gentoo
MEPIS
LinuxConsole
Frugalware Linux
xPUD
Puppy Linux


How to understand which device is which in the /dev directory

The /dev directory in UNIX is generally a folder that contains device files, and is how the O/S contacts the components on the system. Some of these are going to be actual devices, like a hard disk, network card, usb port, keyboard, or mouse. Some are "virtual" devices that are used for special purposes, such as sending output to /dev/null file, or a pseudo random number generator (/dev/random).

If you have the "lshw" package installed, that will list the actual hardware info, along with some device names. There is also lspci, lsmem, lscpu, lsusb, and probably a few others to help identify components on the system.

But to my knowledge, there is no single document or help file that will explain what all the files in /dev directory are used for. In general, I'd suggest if there are any you are curious about, just do a browser search for Ubuntu /dev/{device-filename} and odds are good someone has a description of the file's purpose.


Cannot disable automatic update checks on Kubuntu 18.04

At my 18.04.1 installation there was no file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic.

After a short search I found:

/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades

There I could disable my auto-updates. Maybe you could also have a look there for your solution.

I just zero-ed the values; so my content of /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades is now:

APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "0";
APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "0";
APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages "0";


Can I use GTK+ stock icons in a free closed source business application?

Stock icons are taken from the user's currently used icon theme, you don't have to include them in your program. So you only have to follow the GTK+ license terms to use them.

If you want to ship a special icon theme with your program have a look at that icon theme's license if you are allowed to do so and what kind of attribution you have to show.


How to convert graphical images to ASCII art?

One app you can try jp2a for jpg to ascii for terminal windows.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install jp2a

Then just run jp2a filename.jpg

~$ jp2a 1Fy7Yz2.jpg

.dKKKKKl.....dKK000000OOOOkkkxxxxddoooooolloddxxxkO00k....................
'0KKKK0..'...oKKK000000OOOOOkkxxxdddooooollodxxxxkO00O....................
dKKKK0,....'.:KKKKK0000000OOOOkkxxxddddoooooxxxxkOO00O'...................
0KXK0.  ........'',,,,,;;;;;;;;;;;,,,'''''.''''....'';;...................
O0O0o............                                 ...'l...................
0K0kkkxxxdol:.    .,:;;.....           .   ... .   .......................
d000kkOKKKKKKk.  .dO000klooc;... .  .':::ccood;... c,.....................
..oOkdx0KKK0KKx.  ,,od.l'xdl.  ':ldkkkkxxdxO0KXo.  cc.....................
. :kxodk00O;0K0k,   'l,,.;;cok00OOkxxxkkxxxk0Kkkk:,,k.....................
..lxdookkOl.'OKKOd;,;coxO0000OkdoodkOOOkxddk0KkodOxdk.....................
loldccdxkk....oKKK00KK0OkxdolodkOO000OOkxddk00koddxkl.....................
dd,;coddxx'.....oxxddollodxkkOOOOOOOOOkkxddk000loO0d......................
::ldxxooodd,...;kxxxkkkkkkkkkkkOOOOOOOko:'...'oloxKo......................
olcldOOxolloo;,kkOOOkkkkkkkkkkkkOOko;.      .. ,cdkx;.....................
l:ccl:odOkdccloxkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkxc.      ..'',;.''odOd:....................
dxl::::;clkkxlccodxxkkkkxxxxd:.  .':ldxkxdddxkOl.;dxld,...................
odddl:;;;;:cxkkdlcloddddol:,';coxxxkkkkxxdddxkOdllxkoll...................
clooddc;;;;;;okkkxdllloodddddxxxxxxkkkkxxdodxkkkllkOkk:...................
:cclloddc:,oxxxxdddoodddddddddxxxxxkkkxxxdoodxkOooxxkk:...................
;;:cclloodoollllloodddddoodddddddxxxxxxxdooldxkOoOxddxxc..................
.',;::ccccccccllloooddddddoooooodddxxxxo:,'',;:ddkdooodd:.................
  .',;;::cccllllllooooooodddoooooodddo;..   ...'okollllod.................
   .,':::ccclllllllloooooooodollooooo;.   . ....cxlcclllo;................

Or you can use --background=light if you have a light background in your terminal:

~$ jp2a 1Fy7Yz2.jpg --background=light

K:.....l0000K:........'''',,,;;;;::ccccccllc::;;;,'..,0000000KKKKKKKKKKKKK
O......00O00Kc.........''''',,;;;:::cccccllc:;;;;,'..'0000000KKKKKKKKKKKKK
:.....kK000O0d............'''',,;;;::::ccccc;;;;,''..'O000000KKKKKKKKKKKKK
.....KMNXXXXXX00OOkkkkkxxxxxxxxxxxkkkOOOOO0OOOO0000OOxxKKKK0KKKKKKKKKKKKKK
'.'.cKK0KKXXXXXXXNNNWWWWWWWWWMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMWNNNNNXXKOl0KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
...,,,;;;:cld0MMWW0kdxxKKXKXNNWWWWMMMMMXNNWK0XWXNNNKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
:...,,'......,KMW0:'...,lccox00XNKWNKOdddoocc:x0X0NokKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
0Xc',:;.......;XWNkkc:0lO;:lKWNOdl:,,,,;;:;'...cXNNooKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KNd,;c:,..'x...,kWNNOlkkKxxoc,..'',;;;,,;;;,..,,,dkk,0KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
0Xl;:cc,,'lXO'..':xkxoc;'....',:cc:,''',;::,..,c:';:,0KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
lcl:oo:;,,0KX0c........',;:clc:,''...'',;::,..,c::;,lKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
::kxoc::;;OKXXK0c;;::cllc:;,,''''''''',,;::,...lc'.:KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
ddl:;;ccc::kKKXx,;;;,,,,,,,,,,,''''''',cdOKKKOclc;.cKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKXXXXXX
clol:'';cllccxk,,''',,,,,,,,,,,,'',cx0NWMWNNX0Wko:,;xKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
ldooldc:',:oolc;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;o0WNNNNNX0OOkxKOOc:':dKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
:;lddddxol,,;looc:;;,,,,;;;;:d0NNKOdl:;,;:::;,'lKx:;l:kKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
c:::ldxxxxdo;,,:lolc::::cldkOxoc;;;,,,,;;:::;,':ll;,cll00KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
olcc::oxxxxxxc,,,;:lllcc:::::;;;;;;,,,,;;:c:;,,,ll,',,d00KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
doollc::odkc;;;;:::cc:::::::::;;;;;,,,;;;:cc:;,'cc;;,,dKKKKKKKXXXXXKKKKKKK
xxdoollcc:cclllllcc:::::cc:::::::;;;;;;;:ccl:;,'c';::;;oKKKXXXXXXXXXKKKKKK
0Okxddoooooooolllccc::::::cccccc:::;;;;cdkOOkxd::,:ccc::dXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
WW0Okxxddooollllllccccccc:::cccccc:::cxXXNNNXK0Oc,cllllc:0XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
NWWKkOdddooollllllllcccccccc:cllcccccxKWNWKWX0K0o;loolllcxXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Here's what it would look like in a terminal window:

Hope this helps!


"cannot open mixer: No such file or directory" when trying to run alsamixer to unmute after installing Realtek audio driver

This driver is outdated , uninstall it running cd alsa-driver-1.0.xx then  make uninstall , reboot and hope uninstall works fine and you get the previous driver.
Sound is sometimes better in Windows because driver includes a builtin (and hidden) sound enhancer suitable for very small laptop loudspeaker  : you can have a not-so-bad  similar effect using Pulseaudio equalizer , see here


I am having difficulties reinstalling 12.10 and need help

It seems like your hard disk is failing or maybe you are having problems with RAM.

Can you run a liveDVD or liveUSB without problems? If that's the case then that would suggest problems with the hard disk.

If not, maybe it is the RAM or some other piece of hardware.


biblatex package recommends biber (>= 0.9), but it doesn't exist

How can Ubuntu recommend something that isn't in the repository?

I would agree, if it would be a dependency. But a recommendation is not that strong that it breaks something.

Biber is not included, because it is not stable and still experimental.

Here are some links, how to install vanilla TeXLive (incl. biber)

Installing “vanilla” TeXLive
TeXLive on Debian/Ubuntu
Installing TeXLive

Ubuntu 12.04 uses biblatex version 1.7-1; you can verify this by running:

apt-cache show biblatex

According to the biber documentation, the last biber release to support biblatex 1.7 is biber 0.9.9.

You can download the appropriate version of biber 0.9.9—32bit or 64bit—here: http://sourceforge.net/projects/biblatex-biber/files/biblatex-biber/0.9.9/binaries/Linux/


Built in webcam not working on ubuntu 12.04 Lenovo X230 (PART 2)

Have you checked the Firefox camera settings, and set it to the right camera? This could also clarify why the camera only works in another application when Firefox isn't open.

I don't have any experience with Firefox, but it was set to the wrong one in Chrome for me, I had to manually set it to the right built-in webcam.


same here. solved it by reinstalling the proprietary driver from nvidia with the xxx.run driver from nvidia homepage. then performe an init 3 , executing the xxx.run file as root and now the important thing to install the additional 32bit lib etc. reboot and have fun.


Some jar files refuse to to run upon double-click and Terminal can't access them

Both things are happening because minecraft.jar is not marked as executable by your user; assuming that you are the owner of the file, run this command from the command-line to mark it as executable by you:

chmod u+x <path_to_jar_file>

*<path_to_jar_file> = full path to the .jar file

If you want it to be run from the member of your user's group as well, run this instead:

chmod ug+x <path_to_jar_file>

*<path_to_jar_file> = full path to the .jar file

If you want it to be run from anyone, run this instead:

chmod a+x <path_to_jar_file>

*<path_to_jar_file> = full path to the .jar file

If you're not the owner, you can own the file and set its group to your user's group by running this command:

chown <username>:<username> <path_to_jar_file>

*<username> = you user's username; <path_to_jar_file> = full path to the .jar file