How to setup a local network over the CAT5 cable?

First you will need to assign IP addresses to your eth interface, then you'll need to setup shared folders. Both can be done quite easily:

Assign IP addresses
I will show you how to add a seperate setup only for this connection, so you can switch back to the default behaviour when connecting to the Internet over LAN (if you don't want this, instead of step 2.-6. click edit.. on your eth0/1/... wherever your cable is plugged in.

Rightclick your network-manager (=nm) symbol in your panel, choose edit Connections...
Select eth0/1/... (your interface where the cable is plugged in), klick edit...
Copy your Device MAC Address (eg. 55:55:55:55:55:55)
klick cancel
Click add
Connection name: somethin like direct connection, Device MAC Address: paste the addres you copied in step 3, uncheck connect automatically
Click IPv4 Settings tab
Method: Manual, click Add, Address: 192.168.1.1 (on one Computer, 192.168.1.2 on the other), Netmask: 24, gateway: leave blank, click Apply
Leftclick your nm-symbol, you can now choose your connection (do this on both computers when the cable is plugged in)

To verify your settings, rightclick nm -> Connection Information - and verify your IP address.

Now it should be possible to ping the other computer. Open a terminal, type

  ping 192.168.1.2 (or 192.168.1.1; the ip address of the other computer)

If your output looks like this:

  ping 192.168.1.2
  PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
  64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.431 ms
  64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.407 ms

Your connection works!

If it looks like this:

  ping 192.168.1.2
  PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
  From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
  From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable

something is wrong, sharing won't be posible

Enable shared Folder
Now, to transfer files between computers, at least one computer has to share a folder. We will do this with nautilus:

Rightclick the folder you want to share
Select sharing options
Check "Share this folder"
You might want to allow create/delete files
Check Guest access (be aware that this also opens this folder for people on your WLAN - if you are in a public location you might not want to do that. Instead create a user account or give him your password...)
Click create share
On the other computer (the one that wants to access this share) open nautilus, press Ctrl+l (to open the location bar) and type smb://192.168.1.1 (or smb://192.168.1.2; the IP address of the computer that opened the share)

Now you should see the share (you might have to give a username/password depending on your decision on step 5).
Please note that creation shares on a NTFS-Partition might not work out of the box!


How many nodes to use Maas/Juju for Openstack (Juno)?

If you use the latest Landscape Autopilot, LDS 15.01, then you need at least:

one machine for MAAS
one machine for LDS
3 machines for OpenStack

Details about the networking setup can be found here:

https://insights.ubuntu.com/2015/04/10/maas-network-layouts-for-the-landscape-autopilot/

Or at this askubuntu q&a:

How should I setup MAAS so that it can be used by the Canonical OpenStack Autopilot?


I found a solution : use nvidia's proprietary drivers.
As soon as the driver is loaded, the settings scrollbar is working.


Can I use all Yoga features on Linux Ubuntu?

If you're using Firefox, it implements its multi-touch support the same whether on Microsoft Windows or on Linux. The functionality of individual application programs is not actually linked to the OS they're built for.

The system shell in Micrsoft Windows 10 offers a different set of multi-touch gestures than does the Unity 7 shell on Ubuntu.  They're different application programs and do things differently.


LibreOffice stopped working with Ubuntu 18

After update of my Ubuntu 18.04.1 LibreOffice would not not start. I tried suggested solutions like deleting libreoffice from .config, uninstalling and installing LibreOffice, etc. Nothing worked. Then I tried Terrance's reinstall (sudo apt install --reinstall libreoffice) and it worked.


Where do I install the bootloader on a 2 drive computer?

You should install it to the drive with Windows 7. (/dev/sdb)

The reason is because that way the installer will replace the Windows bootloader with GRUB. Otherwise, each drive would have a bootloader, with wouldn't be optimal. It could be confusing later on. Although, do take note both configs will work.

If you were to install GRUB to your data drive, you would have to mess with the boot order whenever you wanted to boot Ubuntu.


I can't boot from live-usb or access GRUB or repair GRUB or install GRUB if it turns out isn't installed

Are you using the 64 bit version of Lubuntu?
Can you also boot from liveUSB and test use the system (start file manager, open some game, open a terminal, etc).

Your screenshots don't seem to match. One shows kernel 4.4 and the other shows kernel 3.13. Can you confirm there is only 1 hard drive and a single partition?

Also did you check the cable(s) connection the HD? Maybe one came loose when you cleaned up. These error message in your first screenshot says it can't find the hard drive (uknown block 0,0)

Basically if you can boot from liveUSB and do some things then you should be fine to do a fresh install without problems. From my hazy past recollection I sometimes used to get kernel panics after upgrading to a newer kernel.


This line is telling..
npm ERR! notsup Unsupported platform for fsevents@1.2.13: wanted {"os":"darwin"}
Was your laravel app developed in a macOS environment previously? You have a dependency (fsevents) that can only be run in macOS. Check your package.json and package-lock.json to figure out whats using fsevents and see if you can remove that dependency.


What exactly is TLP doing that default system config wouldn't?

the difference of TLP's default config compared to a vanilla Ubuntu installation is quite simple:

SATA ALPM is set to min_power on battery instead of max_performance
USB autosuspend is enabled for all devices (except input and wwan devs) instead of bluetooth only

The situation is different with other distros.

For even more aggressive settings you may use RUNTIME_PM_ALL=1 to enable runtime pm for all devices.

Additional gains are:

Easy config/enable/disable for all features compared to pm-utils' undocumented scripts
Easy and automatic enabling/disabling of radio devices
ThinkPad battery features

TLP's documentation contains only the facts about the settings, there is no advertising.


Permission denied when other users create files


Apt logs can be found in /var/log/apt/term.log. To view them with GEdit you can use the command:

gedit /var/log/apt/term.log


My computer boots to a black screen without press Tab? what can I do to fix it?

I had the same issue.
When your computer starts press
ESC key and it'll take you to the system setup settings with BIOS and everything.
Then select System Recovery ,in mine I had to press F11 for System Recovery it might be different in yours.
You'll then be directed to the Ubuntu advanced settings screen where you can run Ubuntu in recovery mode .
After you run it in recovery , select

Update or remove broken dpkg in grub

Then you'll be get a screen with multiple options select the first option that is install new software and press y for everything.


No Sound (Dummy Output) error Ubuntu 19.10

Adding to Andrea Pavan's answer:

You can first add the variable to a new boot session and check if it works

Reboot your system. AT GRUB, choose Ubuntu and press E. You will be taken to command line options.
Locate the line beginning with Linux. Add the following parameter at the end of the line snd_hda_intel.dmic_detect=0
Press F10 to reboot.

After verifying this has indeed solved your sound issue, you can make this change permanently by performing the below steps

Run sudo gedit /etc/default/grub from terminal.
Locate the line beginning with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT and append the above parameter to it. GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash snd_hda_intel.dmic_detect=0"
Save and Close gedit.
Run sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Reboot.

When I was stuck with the same issue, the below link helped me resolve it.

https://superuser.com/questions/1509312/sound-stopped-working-after-upgrading-to-linux-5-4-intel-hd-audio?newreg=2fc5756bbf694e12b60ef3601f2e2411


Cannot upgrade Ubuntu One subscription to 45GB

In order to do this you'll need to contact Ubuntu One support and give us the email addresses for both accounts. You can do this at https://one.ubuntu.com/help/contact


How to select a different autocomplete using the tab shortcut?

In windows if you type Desk and then Tab it will cycle through all possible (case insensitive) matches. Ubuntu doesn't work quite like this (by default). With ubuntu if you type De Tab it will fill up to Desktop and then you need to tell it how it differentiates.

In general putting special characters (like spaces) in a file name is not good practice. There are two ways of selecting a file named "Desktop Old" and they are

Desktop\ Old

or

"Desktop Old"

In the first option the \ acts as an escape character meaning that the character that comes after this should be interpreted not as a part of a command, or a separation of arguments, but rather part of the same argument that preceeds it. The second option simply puts it in quotes.

So, in your case what you would do is:

cp De tab --> cp Desktop

Now here you would want to type \ which should then, once you press tab again, allow you to autocomplete the (old).

Additionally, it's worth noting that the final command after autocompletion will look like:

cp Desktop\ \(Old\)

As parentheses are also special characters, like spaces.


Why has my Ctrl+Shift+U key for Unicode input stopped working?

It hasn't stopped working in general, but the way it works may have led you to think that it has stopped working. When one types Ctrl+Shift+u an underscored letter u appears at the insertion point. This may lead a person (e.g., myself, at first) to think that he has entered an underscored letter u, whereas in fact the underscored letter u indicates the Unicode-entry mode has been activated. If one subsequently keys in a Unicode code point (i.e., the hexadecimal numeral for the character) and hits Enter then the unicode character will appear.

For example, Ctrl+Shift+u 2764Enter inserts a "heavy black heart" Unicode character.

Demonstration: ❤


If you don't want to go with a thin-client/server model then you need some sort of a framework that first provisions (installs Ubuntu on) the machines and then monitors them.

For provisioning you can use the network boot option and install OS using Preboot Execution Environment(PXE).

For ubuntu the best solution out there would be Cobbler. Another powerful tool is Razor which can be used with puppet to make your life as an admin real easy (except the time when you are setting all this up). There is also a way to setup your own custom PXE server which you can use to provision all your machine.


If you're using tasksel You'll find php scattered throughout. However, if you're trying to use php-cgi, Ubuntu packages have that already configured.

sudo apt-get install php5-cgi libapache2-mod-php5

You can then enable apache to use it with:

sudo a2enmod php5-cgi
sudo service apache2 restart

Very VERY rarely will you ever need to copy files around to get something packaged working.


pci device id is different in vm when using passthrough

Was a stupid question. The bus ID of the device is defined in the VM descriptor so there is nothing strange here. The issue I am having is related to the driver and not the bus ID.


How does one package a python application that includes a gsettings schema with setuptools?

Add your schema to setup.py

setup(...,
      data_files=[('/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas', ['filename.schema.xml'])]
     )

Add a system call in setup.py to run:

glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas

As ntc2 commented bellow that this will fail when custom installation path is use, example with --user.

One possible solution is to use relative path share/glib-2.0/schemas, That also would imply reconstructing input folder path for glib-compile-schemas command using  sys.prefix variable.


Possible to run (and update) Ubuntu with only access to an APT Cacher?

I understand you want to completely limit access to the outside world for the backend.  The host at 192.168.200.1 is part of the backend.

Your idea will work but the ACNG host also needs access to the upstream repositories to proxy the request for packages for the backend (at least that's how I understand you want to do this).  Thus, the host will also need to be part of the frontend or have some other way to connect to the internet.  Alternatively, you can preload all necessary packages to the acng host repo.  That looks like a cumbersome solution for little gain, though.

I suggest you look into the /etc/apt-cacher-ng/backend* files to hardwire what upstream servers will be used.

I also suggest you install the squid-deb-proxy-client package on the VM.  This will allow you a fully transparent configuration of the VM without even fiddling with /etc/apt/sources.list.  The magic happens via avahi and /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/30autoproxy.  Run /usr/share/squid-deb-proxy-client/apt-avahi-discover from one of the VM to make sure you get the IP of the ACNG host back.

If you change the sources.list files on the backend machines/VM to apt-cacher.backend.local no further changes are necessary.  If you put us.archive.ubuntu.com in there, then you would need to resolve that via DNS (it can basically resolve to any IP you like as the request will be proxied to the ACNG host).

Serving upstream repos accessible via https will require additional configuration.

Some additional considerations added a day later

You mentioned that you will have some locally-produced packages to install.  I assume you will serve them from $host inside the LAN.  In that case I suggest to add a file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99proxy containing "Acquire::http::Proxy::$host "DIRECT";.  This bypasses the acng proxy.
Personally, I have included this file in a configuration deb-file I install in all machines, it is among the files I serve from $host.  That configuration deb-file has another config snippet in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/private.list containing deb http://$host/repo/debs/ generic private pointing to a reprepro repository.  Maybe this is something that would benefit you as well.
One thing I'd also like to make you aware of is that if avahi-browse or /usr/share/squid-deb-proxy-client/apt-avahi-discover list more than one instance of an apt_proxy service you might run into an issue depending on the version of your VM OS.


how do I know if my laptop support switchable graphics and how to switch to it?

if lspci | grep VGA return two devices then you have two graphics card.

For switching and installation of correct drivers please follow-

How do I get AMD/Intel Hybrid Graphics drivers to work?


Ubuntu installation shows used space as free

You've got a damaged partition table or leftover RAID data. This page of mine covers the issue in detail. Chances are you can fix it by running FixParts on the disk, but the details depend on the exact cause.


Reset the Unity:

Press Alt+F2 and run the following command:

unity --reset


Where are the pristine, untouched contents of a ~/.profile file?

In /etc/skel/. This is the user "skeleton" used when creating a new user. On a regular Ubuntu installation it looks like this:
/etc/skel
├── .bash_logout
├── .bashrc
└── .profile

If you add files here yourself it will be put in the home directory of newly created users. To restore the default, simply copy it from there:
cp /etc/skel/.profile ~/

Se also the useradd manpage on this:

The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the /etc/skel/ directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in /etc/default/useradd or on the command line).
-k, --skel SKEL_DIR
The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by useradd.

While strictly not in scope for your question, but noteworthy is, also the system-wide profile file (/etc/profile) is evaluated on login as Johankor mentions in his answer.


On menu of boot up press F6. Check one or all of them. See what works for you. I was able to install after this.


Show most used apps/programs in Application Overview

This has changed in Gnome Shell 3.38, which is used in Ubuntu 20.10. The "Frequent" tab has been removed.
Another change is that applications are not anymore automatically arranged in alphabetical order. You can now order the applications according to your preference, and easily create groups by dragging one application on another, or on an already existing group.
So indeed, the recent Gnome Shell version introduces a different workflow here. You still have the Dash to place your most used applications. On a second level, you can order the icons on the Applications overview to your liking, i.e., you can place your most frequently used ones on the first page yourself.
This change has the benefit of providing a more "stable" application overview: your custom view is stable, as setup by yourself, and applications you install later are in first instance being added at the end. It is normal, of course, that not all users may like this change.
You can at any time "reset" the application overview to an alphabetical order, and with only the default groups by issuing a command using the terminal or the Alt+F2 Run dialog:
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell app-picker-layout


Shocked, content of my webroot on localhost could be seen on www

At the time of writing, joltestserver.cloudapp.net resolves to 0.0.0.0:

DNS server handling your query: 8.8.8.8
DNS server's address:   8.8.8.8#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   joltestserver.cloudapp.net
Address: 0.0.0.0

0.0.0.0 is a special address with a special meaning - and if you try to connect to it, Ubuntu treats it as 127.0.0.1 == localhost or "this machine".

(Why they'd want to have their DNS entry set to 0.0.0.0 I don't know.)


Ubuntu phone, Back to images overview button missing?

Touch somewhere on the screen and the back option will appear in the upper left corner.


Automatic, but secure encrypted mount on Linux from CLI

My understanding of your question is that you want machine A to be able mount an encrypted drive - automatically/unattended/without user input - using a key stored on machine B.
If this is the intention, then you don't need SSH - there are easier ways just to let A fetch the key material from B.
For example, you can fetch the key over https, use link-local IPv6 UDP packets or consider mandos (which tries to solve a more complex problem, and is itself more complex accordingly).
These approaches all use 'keyscripts' (broadly) to take some action other than requesting a user-entered password in order to obtain key material. Not all GNU/Linux distributions support these smoothly, but Debian-derived ones (including Ubuntu) do.
(All the approaches I've linked above also try to support remote unlocking from an initramfs/initrd environment, but they'll work just as well once a machine is fully booted up.)


Based on your error message

/bin/bash: wmctrl: command not found

install the necessary package

sudo apt-get install wmctrl


How do I monitor my total received network traffic from time x to time y?

Use vnstat, it is available in the repositories. You can set up what network interface you want to monitor and check the amount of traffic you have used so far.


you can`t do this on a mounted partition, so you will need a live CD/USB.

you can get it here, then burn it to CD/USB and boot from it.

after you can use GParted tool included in live version of ubuntu and resize any needed partitions.

p.s. if ubuntu live will automatically mount partitions you want to resize you can unmount them via "right click" - "eject".


ubuntu-unity-desktop is a metapackage that has dependencies on other packages.  Simply removing the metapackage doesn't remove the dependencies.

Run sudo apt autoremove --purge after you remove the metapackage, because the other dependencies weren't manually defined for installation but were instead included because ubuntu-unity-desktop needed them, you need to autoremove the 'now not needed' dependencies pulled in.


How to let smb share mount via fstab assign full permission to new created file or directory?

You can use the next configuration (for example):

[site-red$]
   comment = Users profiles
   path = /var/www/site-red
   guest ok = no
   valid users = josecarlos yovany
   admin users = josecarlos yovany
   browseable = yes
   create mask = 0600
   directory mask = 0700
   write list = josecarlos yovany
   force group = www-data
   force user = www-data

I hope help you ;-)


How to change workspaces using touchpad gestures in ubuntu

Complete tutorial using touchegg, easystroke is better to be used with mouse rather than touchpad.

In case you are using unity you may experience some conflicts with build-in gestures. The tutorial I gained information from deals with this issue (please see the link below). I didn't have any build in gestures, so this how-to provides only information how to set up things.

Download Touchegg:

sudo apt install touchegg

run it, but kill just after that, it will create a file

~/.config/touchegg/touchegg.conf

open it in an editor you desire and add those three lines below into the name="All" section

<gesture type="DRAG" fingers="3" direction="RIGHT">
   <action type="SEND_KEYS">Control+Alt+Left</action>
</gesture>
<gesture type="DRAG" fingers="3" direction="LEFT">
   <action type="SEND_KEYS">Control+Alt+Right</action>
</gesture>

Run touchegg to try it out

touchegg &

Edit the config file as you wish and then add touchegg to the list of startup applications

The tutorial I mentioned can be found here - there some things out of date (you don't have to compile it). Anyway thx to the creator!


from where should i learn about functionality of maven package

Maven 2.0 is based around the central concept of a build lifecycle. What this means is that the process for building and distributing a particular artifact (project) is clearly defined.Apache

Start by looking at the Apache Maven Project.  I think it will be a good start.


Startup Disk Creator (Click here to see original version)

Insert a USB stick of appropriate capacity
Open the dash and search for Startup Disk Creator
Select the Startup Disk Creator to launch the app

Click 'Other' to choose the downloaded ISO file if it isn’t found automatically, select the file and click 'Open'.   Select the ISO

5.Select the USB stick in the bottom box and click 'Make Startup Disk' and then 'Yes'

Allow process to complete and test.

If you are successful with this process, then please provide feedback by upvoting.  Best of luck!


The answer was the /opt/lampp/temp folder. It didn't have the right permissions. Once I changed the permissions, I could change the user, restart the server and it  works again.


Install Compiz tool:

  sudo apt-get install compiz compiz-plugins

Find it in Unity dash by typing:

  ccsm

and open it.

Find "Window Placement" options down below. Play with options, but as far as I remember, you can switch on something like "Place window in cursor active window".

Also, it can make Unity remember the previous window position, so that would also be useful.


Update:
I wrote the answer below before seeing you were using ext2. I keep the answer for reference in case anyone else has a similar problem because of LUKS or LVM.

For your case  however the anser is different: ext2 does not support trimming, only ext4 or btrfs do.

-----  original answer -----

Make sure to activate trim support on all filesystem abstraction layers. In particular, LVM and / or dm-crypt come to mind here!

Activate trim support in lvm: /etc/lvm/lvm.conf

issue_discards = 1

Activate trim support in dm-crypt/luks: /etc/crypttab

sda1_crypt UUID=<YOUR_DISKS_UUID> none luks,**discard**

(adapt to your UUID and partition)
write changes to your initrd:

sudo update-initramfs -u

reboot


How can I disable the LED lights of a USB webcam?

Simply: you can't by software, but you can remove the LED if you have a little electrics skill.

Please note that spying your girlfriend/wife/etc. it is forbidden by law.


Check out the Marked Answer here

sudo apt-get remove nodejs

sudo apt-get remove npm

Also in the comments carry out some additional clean up

sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/npm /usr/local/share/man/man1/node* /usr/local/lib/dtrace/node.d ~/.npm ~/.node-gyp /opt/local/bin/node /opt/local/include/node /opt/local/lib/node_modules

sudo rm -rf /usr/local/lib/node*

sudo rm -rf /usr/local/include/node*

sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/node*

HTH


You can use command substitution syntax with $(). So, for example,

VAR=`command-name`
VAR="`grep word /path/to/file`"
## or ##

VAR=$(command-name)
VAR="$(grep word /path/to/file)"

Source: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-assign-a-grep-command-value-to-a-variable-in-linuxunix/


How to configure an application to always run with DRI_PRIME=1 set? Is there an other way besides terminal?

Here is a little light reading on environment variables for those sleepless nights, but to cut to the chase, I quote:

"A suitable file for environment variable settings that affect the system as a whole (rather than just a particular user) is /etc/environment.

This file is specifically meant for system-wide environment variable settings. It is not a script file, but rather consists of assignment expressions, one per line."

So... Inserting your assignment DRI_PRIME=1 into /etc/environment and then restarting should do what you're asking.


Anydesk is completly locking my Ubuntu 14.04 OS?

It was related to nvidia drivers update on my computer.

I uninstalled all nvidia drivers below command and problem gone away..

sudo apt-get purge nvidia-*


Why isn't Ubuntu detecting all of my RAM?

If you use free -g it show your memory round to non decimal numbers. Because of this it shows you just 1GB.

An example:
I have 8GB of ram:

free will show "8167800"
because it divides with 1024 free -m will show "7976"
free -g will show "7" because it divides with 1024*1024

So free -g is not really helpful if you have the typical among of memory for a PC.


If client and server is Linux You can run: sshfs <IP of server>:/ /mnt - this will mount entire filesystem of server in client - look for your external HDD on a client in /mnt/media/your_username_in_server/
Otherwise try one of this methods.


well if you are using Gparted try to format into another format...you should try ntfs. If you mount Ubuntu installer on it, it probably keep the Ubuntu format. But you may want to use Terminal for format, but only if you are related to work on terminal...there is a tutorial here
http://trastetes.blogspot.cl/2014/11/formatear-dispositivo-usb-desde.html

its in spanish...but you can search from every comand if you wanna do it

hope it help

open a Terminal
1.- "sudo fdisk -l" ; this command is for list disk and select them to format 2.- it will show some like this "Disk /dev/sdc: 4009 MB, 4009754624 bytes" - 3.- Unmount the device with "umount /dev/sdc" ; "sdc" could be anything else, its the name of the device, and the adress may be other too -
4.- To format (u will loose all the files on the device) "sudo mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdc -I" to format FAT 32.. the " -I" suffix at the end, is the comand for make a file system on the device".
5.- "exit". Done. You can write mkfs on terminal to see the format you can give to the device


Calculate time difference between two times

Basic way using date:

Extract the date from the line:

$ sed -n '/BROKEN/ s/BROKEN: //p' file
Jun 29 16:15:01 IST 2017

Convert to epoch time

$ date -d "Jun 29 16:15:01 IST 2017" "+%s"
1498733101

Repeat and subtract (I had some word-splitting issues with this date format, so I just command-subbed the whole thing. Maybe there is a cleaner way):

$ BROKEN=$(date -d "$(sed -n '/BROKEN/ s/BROKEN: //p' file)" "+%s")
$ RESTARTED=$(date -d "$(sed -n '/RESTARTED/ s/RESTARTED: //p' file)" "+%s")
$ echo $((RESTARTED-BROKEN))
20

The difference comes out in seconds of course...


You need to install bakefile, there is no package from the official repositories, try: http://www.bakefile.org/wiki/Debian


Source code for the tray on top right corner. Ubuntu 12.04

The component which you are looking for, is called, Indicator Applet.

Here is the details about source code

https://code.launchpad.net/indicator-applet


I just built two boxes with 2700x and had the same problem. Update your kernel to 4.16. Follow these instructions. https://linuxhint.com/upgrade-kernel-ubuntu-1804/


It will look for thing in the order specified in the path, you've added the new path to the end, and that's why your still getting the old one
PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2011/bin/i386-linux:$PATH

is what your looking for
update
here's a example
$ which ls
/opt/local/libexec/gnubin/ls
$ export PATH=/bin:$PATH
$ which ls
/bin/ls


Plymouth not showing after upgrading to Ubuntu 12.10

I did the following to fix the problem on my machine:
(found at http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-2066656.html)

gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub
add the following line making sure to put in your native resolution in place of 1680x1050:
GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX="1680x1050"
sudo update-grub


I like Clonezilla for full disk/partition backups.  Has a lot more to it too.
http://clonezilla.org/downloads/alternative/iso-zip-files.php


Put Ubuntu on an HP ENVY with Beats audio. Everything works except the sound

This might sound stupid but:

Did you try and click the speaker icon at the top right and choosing sound settings.

Click on the adapter / output you want.

I noticed i had to click on my HDMI even though its highlighted on every fresh install.


The command to start Sublime Text:

subl

The command to see its version:

subl --version


First you need to get lm-sensors detecting all the sensors on your board.

Run sudo sensors-detect and accept its defaults and allow it to add the relevant chip modules  to /etc/modules.

Then edit /etc/default/grub. You need to append acpi_enforce_resources=lax at the end of the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX. Here is a screenshot of mine with the relevant line highlighted.

sudo update-grub then reboot

When you run sensors you should now see the fans detected (plus loads of other sensors).

Now rerun sudo pwmconfig and all should be well.

It would be a good idea to create or find a configuration file for your motherboard and insert it in /etc/sensors.d.

If done properly this will give meaningful names to all the temperatures, voltages and fan speeds detected, discard outputs from any sensors not connected to anything, set reasonable limits and calculate the values of voltages sensed using voltage divider resistors.


Is it possible to setup an interface with both DHCP and a static IP?

Finally got someone at the console just in case, but this works.

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

auto eth0:1
iface eth0:1 inet static
address 66.66.66.220
netmask 255.255.255.224
gateway 66.66.66.254
broadcast 66.66.66.223


Bq Aquaris 4.5 Ubuntu Music app doesn't work

i had a similar problem and it was this bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/mediascanner2/+bug/1436110 try to change the year field of the mp3 tags and see if it works, it did for me.


Peer To Peer (P2P) Sync and Share Ubuntu

Syncthing

Blurb:

  Syncthing replaces proprietary sync and cloud services with something open, trustworthy and decentralized. Your data is your data alone and you deserve to choose where it is stored, if it is shared with some third party and how it's transmitted over the Internet.

It's a file syncing app that is

free & open-source – unlike Dropbox/Resilio/AeroFS
secure – all communication is encrypted, nodes are authenticated using certificates
decentralized/P2P – there is no central server that can log things or go down when you least need it, each computer is its own server
simple – you don't need to remember IP addresses or get a domain name, you just enter the Syncthing-identifier of the computer you want to pair with and Syncthing figures out the details
portable – runs on Windows, Linux (including Ubuntu Touch), Mac, BSD, Solaris; there are also apps for Android and iOS.

Installation:

The official Syncthing app can be installed on Ubuntu like this:

curl -s https://syncthing.net/release-key.txt | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://apt.syncthing.net/ syncthing release" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/syncthing.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install syncthing syncthing-inotify

To have it start for your user on startup, and start it immediately:

sudo systemctl enable syncthing@$USER.service
sudo systemctl start syncthing@$USER.service

You should now be able to open http://localhost:8384 and add folder shares, or other computers you want to share with. (Note: if you have several users, the other users will get different port numbers; check out the <gui>/<address> element in ~/.config/syncthing.config.xml where the address to the web gui is stored.)

There is also a GTK app for those who prefer a more traditional feel: https://github.com/syncthing/syncthing-gtk#syncthing-gtk


For large file transfers i'm always using the gnome terminal with the verbose option. Via VM i'm only downloading new addons. Can you try to copy the map via command line and see, if this work?

For example:

cp -r -v /path/to/new_map /path/to/tomtom_device/

P.S. My Device is TomTom One V4


sudo mv /etc/ddclient.conf /etc/ddclient does not create a new directory named ddclient and place ddclient.conf within it.  Instead, it renames 'ddclient.conf' to 'ddclient'
You can access this file with sudo nano /etc/ddclient
Alternatively, if you want to move this within a new subdirectory, run sudo mv /etc/ddclient.conf /etc/ddclient/ddclient.conf instead.


How to debug do-release-upgrade "could not determine the upgrade"

The answer appears to be "look in /var/log/dist-upgrade/main.log":

2018-01-29 11:10:40,663 DEBUG blacklist expr '^postgresql-.*[0-9]\.[0-9].*' matches 'postgresql-9.3-postgis-2.1'
2018-01-29 11:10:40,663 DEBUG The package 'postgresql-9.3-postgis-2.1' is marked for removal but it's in the removal blacklist
2018-01-29 11:10:40,732 ERROR Dist-upgrade failed: 'The package 'postgresql-9.3-postgis-2.1' is marked for removal but it is in the removal blacklist.'

After removing postgis, the upgrade was able to continue.

I wish do-release-upgrade would just report these errors on its main output.

It would seem that all the Broken messages in apt.log was just apt working through the dependencies, but it did in fact find a solution to them all.


How to backup all e-mails on an Ubuntu VPS?

The Inbox is by default stored in /var/mail, whilst any sub-folders is stored in ~/mail/ per user.

Taking a backup of /home is a good practice anyway.


In case you are not separately looking a separate harddisk partition for your folders under your Linux distribution (For eg: separate partition for /home /usr /etc). I am assuming you are already aware as to how to install Linux and using gparted etc.

Install your first OS suppose Kali. In the partition details window select Manual. Create three partitions 50 Gb ext4 for Kali (here set the mount pint as '/' without quotes, keep aside 4 Gb for SWAP, format your third partition whatever space is left as ext4. Install and boot Kali. Verify Kali works and you have your three partitions.

Now for next OS, in a similar fashion insert your bootable USB or disc for Lubuntu, at the partition prompt choose manual. Now select your third partition, and set the mount point as / (This is the root for Linux/Unix). No need to touch any other partition. Just continue setting your username, password or other settings if any. Wait for Lubuntu to install. Once done reboot and you should see entries for Kali and Lubuntu in Grub Menu.

If for some reason Kali or Lubuntu's entry is not available in grub and it directly loads the OS. Here is what you can do:

1) If Lubuntu directly boots:
Open a terminal and write the following command:

$ sudo update-grub

2) If Kali directly boots:
Since Kali Linux is based on debian, the same command for Lubuntu should work fine.

That should generate the grub and on next reboot you should be able to see the grub with entries for both OSes.


i am from denmark not so got to englisk....go to
http://support.brother.com/g/b/downloadlist.aspx?c=gb&lang=en&prod=dcp6690cw_eu_as&os=128
use the driver Driver >>Install Tool<< download
open the terminal  GO TO SAME PLACE THE >>Install Tool<< AM IN and in terminal write
     ..                 Bash linux-brprinter-installer-* * * - * DCP 6690cw
or
     ..               Bash linux-brprinter-installer-* * * - * 6690cw
and the printer will install


How to remove lubuntu-desktop from Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

I had the same issue and solve it following the steps in the next link: How to completely uninstall/remove a package/software/program.

That helped me removing all and only the dependencies/packages that were installed with the sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop command.

Edit:

I'll try to guide you better.

First of all, if you followed @Saurav instructions, I'd recommend to install lubuntu-desktop again so we make sure all deleted packages are in your system.

When I used the previous command, a bunch of new packages/programs were to be installed along. To show a few:

and the list goes on...

To get rid of all these, you should use

sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove abiword abiword-common ... etc

listing every package installed. To do so, we are gonna find all these packages in the history.log file, which keeps a record of all APT installations, upgrades or removals. Open the log file with the following:

gedit /var/log/apt/history.log

Here, use Ctrl+F to search the term "lubuntu-desktop" and you should see something like this:

Note: If you don't find the command here, as it happened to me, the log file has been rotated. Go to /var/log/apt/ with nautilus /var/log/apt/, double-click history.log.1.gz and open history.log.1 (look the name of the gedit tab in the previous image).

Now, select all the packages until the "End-Date:  2014 ..." line, copy and paste them in a new gedit file. As you can see, these packages are in the form "package_name:i386 (something between parenthesis)". Note that "i386" could be "amd64" depending on your OS. Now, from what we've got, only the package name is important. To remove the extra stuff, press Ctrl+H to invoke the find & replace tool. In the Search for input field, type (again, depending on your OS):

  :i386 \([0-9\:\~\.\+a-zA-Z\-, ]*\),?

  :amd64 \([0-9\:\~\.\+a-zA-Z\-, ]*\),?

Leave the Replace with field blank, check coincide regular expression and press Replace all.

Now, you have the list of installed packages separated by space, so copy them, open up your terminal and type:

sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove *paste packages*

And that's it. You have completely removed lubuntu-desktop

Regards,


Yes, you can run Win7 on Virtualbox and it is amazing to see it encapsulated by Ubuntu!!!!! But as far as running LoL you may find it too slow and jerky, but it would be worth a try. But how about trying it with Wine instead? And this is a thread dedicated to running it on Linux: http://na.leagueoflegends.com/board/showthread.php?p=23686798


How to set up Apache/MySql/Django environment for development

Instead of hosting a web server locally, I would suggest that you grab PyCharm Community Edition, which simplifies the process;  Develop with the built-in server locally, and deploy to your 'production' server when you are ready.

Installing MySql is simpler, you can use

sudo apt-get install mysql-server


Windows 10 update boots directly to Windows

I found a solution using this command in Windows: "bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi" - https://itsfoss.com/no-grub-windows-linux/

Now my grub menu is working fine. Thanks all!


Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), is another process using it?

One unfortunately cannot have two programs that use 'apt' running at the same time. That means you can't run software center & synaptic, or try to run either while doing apt-get something in the terminal. Trying to run two of these applications simultaneously will result in the error you posted. So close down synaptic and/or the software center, and it should be fixed.


system not loading after installing NVIDIA graphic card driver

I had a similar issue on my Macbook, this was because the Nvidia drivers does not work in UEFI mode. I had to convert the installation to legacy mode:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI#Converting_Ubuntu_into_Legacy_mode

Since you do not mention anything other about your hardware and installation, it is hard to make any assumptions. If you don't know right off that you installed Ubuntu in UEFI mode, here is how you check it:

[ -d /sys/firmware/efi ] && echo "Installed in EFI mode" || echo "Installed in Legacy mode"

Further instructions here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI#Identifying_if_an_Ubuntu_has_been_installed_in_EFI_mode


not being able to load chia through the terminal, how do I fix this?

Try:
cd /home/your_user_name/chia-blockchain && . ./activate && cd chia-blockchain-gui && npm run electron &


Join Free Space on 2 Different drives (EEEPC with 2 SSDs)

During the Ubuntu installation you can choose to do manual partitioning, and then you can tell it to put /home on a different disk/partition immediately.

If you want to do it after installing, you can move everything in /home on sda1 (including hidden files!) to the root of the 8 (or 16?) GB disk sdb1, and then add something like the following line to /etc/fstab:

/dev/sdb1        /home           ext4    relatime        0       2

(Of course if you formatted the second SSD as another type of filesystem, make sure you replace 'ext4' by the right one!)

Moving those files is best done from a live CD/USB because moving them while running the system is probably not going to be liked by some applications...  But make sure you change fstab on the first SSD and not on the system running from the USB stick (or CD) then!

BTW: "joining" multiple physical disks to 1 virtual disk can be done with LVM, but that's probably more complicated than you want right now...  (And RAID 0 is for joining two disks of the same size, so not really useful here.)


UEFI Strikes Again!

Specifically the SECURE BOOT Option as explained in the AskUbuntu Community Wiki link above. PCs implementing support for SECURE BOOT only became widespread in 2012 and it is possible that you will encounter problems booting Ubuntu under SECURE BOOT. -paraphrased from Luis Alvarado in the above UEFI link

My research on this matter is based in AskUbuntu, Nvidia, and various bugs listed on Github.

"Since Ubuntu kernel 4.4.0-20 the EFI_SECURE_BOOT_SIG_ENFORCE kernel config has been enabled. That prevents from loading unsigned third party modules if UEFI Secure Boot is enabled." -Pilot6

The Nvidia drivers are considered unsigned third party modules. - derived from Nvidia

"The easiest way to fix this issue is to disable Secure Boot in UEFI (BIOS) settings." -Pilot6

Github may also point to some of the troubles you experienced.


Nouveau is the open-source Linux driver, and the community (you, I, others) can actually see or change the source code for this driver.  You could file bug reports against this driver, and the community may be able to respond to your issues with code fixes.

The other drivers listed are all proprietary (owned by Nvidia).  These are closed-source, so we can't see or change the code.  Only Nvidia can make fixes and updates to this code.  The higher the version number, the newer the driver; so nvidia-313-updates is newer than nvidia-304-updates.  The stuff in parenthesis next to the version just gives you a little more information.  Some people may have issues with the newest Nvidia Linux drivers, and may chose to use one that is a little older/tested.

If you are gaming, you might want to use the Nvidia proprietary drivers.  The newer proprietary drivers manage power consumption better (good for a laptops) and may give better performance.  However, there could be some glitches with the proprietary drivers; personally I've experienced black windows with some compiz effects in Ubuntu.

If things are working fine for you, you can stick with the open-source Nouveau driver.  From what I hear, the open-source driver for Nvidia graphics cards has gotten pretty good lately.


Why does this users does not need PAM two factor Authentication for logging in?

That's what this line does:
auth [success=done default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so user ingroup disable2fa

From man pam.d:
ok
   this tells PAM that the administrator thinks this return code should contribute
   directly to the return code of the full stack of modules. In other words, if the
   former state of the stack would lead to a return of PAM_SUCCESS, the module's return
   code will override this value. Note, if the former state of the stack holds some value
   that is indicative of a modules failure, this 'ok' value will not be used to override
   that value.

done
   equivalent to ok with the side effect of terminating the module stack and PAM
   immediately returning to the application.

Essentially success=done means that if this module succeeds, nothing more needs to be checked, so the subsequent pam_google_authenticator.so is skipped if this module succeeds, and this module just checks if the user is the group disable2fa:
user ingroup group
   User is in given group.


Commanding desktop cube to unfold causes freeze

If you install the latest video drivers (For me, gforce m8400GS on a reflowed HP dv9000) you may resolve this issue. I can use the desktop unfold on non-Nvidia chipsets.

I used the script from ubuntu Extreme (Google ubuntuextreme nvidia script). If I choose the option for the latest beta drivers (Nouveau) the unfold works. If I install the 3.04.43 (Latest as of this writing, listed as Nvidia-current) or any other version from Nvidia, it crashes... a hard lock up.

So if you aren't using nvidia, then maybe an open source driver from Nouveau will work.


Nothing shows up in the terminal when I type my password

Even though no characters appear when you type your password, you are actually typing your password.

So type password, then hit Enter and see the magic.


Slack icon not visible in top right corner in ubuntu

Restart GNOME shell. Open the terminal and type:

setsid gnome-shell --replace

Press Enter again before you close the terminal.


How to select (copy) an output in terminal without mouse

Using tmux:

I use tmux in vi mode:

Go to copy mode (in my config Prefix+escape, Default Prefix is Ctrl+b)

In config file (~/.tmux.conf): bind Escape copy-mode

Move around (Using arrows)
Select your desire output (Start selection with Space)

In my config v: bind-key -T copy-mode-vi y send-keys -X begin-selection

Press Enter to copy the text.

In my config y: bind-key -T copy-mode-vi y send-keys -X copy-selection

Press Prefix+p to Paste.

Also create a key binding like this:

bind C-c run "tmux save-buffer - | xsel -bi"

So you can save the buffer into system clipboard by pressing Prefix+Ctrl+c.

I have add my configuration cause it's more like vim than default config.

Using commands:

Here is what I do:

Run the command (eg: ls -1)
Process the output to get my desired result
Pip it to xsel -bi

In your example:

$ ls -1 | sed -n 2p | xsel -bi

ls -1 prints the outputs each in one line
sed -n 2p get the second line
xsel has been used to copy the final result in clipboard.

If the command takes too long to run, first save the output to a file the process the output:

command > output
head -10 output | whatever | xsel -bi


Kubuntu won't install/boot HP Pavilion Laptop

This issue's been fixed in a few instances by modifying the boot disk.  In \EFI\BOOT\ make a duplicate of grubx64.efi and rename it mmx64.efi then try and run the install. Altering the boot disk can be a bit fiddly but there's been a fair bit of success with this fix on dual boot systems.  Let me know if that solves it for you, if not creating a UEFI-only boot media has also resolved this in a lot of cases.


early 2015 macbook pro with 18.04 powering off randomly when not plugged in

I have the same issue after installing virtual box and installing ubuntu 16.04 or 18.04 (can't recall) which never ran as expected on the laptop. After doing this immediately the laptop now seems to shut down like clock work after 1-2 minutes of inactivity, I have not edited High Sierra system files but I am very much so considering it. I do not want to lose the configuration I have done on the macbook however a possible solution would be to back up important files and then factory reset the macbook and reinstall/transfer the backed up files and programs.

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201314


Problem with opening USB flash drive stick

Two things to try.

1) I have had problems with read exFat
If it is exFat try this ask ubuntu exFat

2)  if not exFat, hahah..not joking, Stick you usb in a windows machine.  See if it automatically fixes it, then stick it back in your linux box.   (The linux kernel actually gives a message sometimes to do this!)


How to import playlists from Rhythmbox into Banshee?

The ~/.local/share/rhythmbox playlists are on a playlists.xml file. I think Banshee can't import .xml files, but .pls files, wich are the default Rhythbox playlists format when you SAVE them.

So I believe you have to install Rhythmbox, save every playlist and then, import them from Banshee. I might be wrong, but I think it's the only option.


Run sudo nano /etc/postfix/main.cf
Find the line hostname =
Change it:

From:
myhostname = timber..name
To:
myhostname = timber.name (ie. remove the extra dot, instead of both)

Finally, run sudo apt install --fix-broken
Hope it helps.


Ubuntu 15.10 and Google Chrome- drag and drop off by a screen.

Ah; found the issue and fixed it. Apparantly, my Nvidia settings wasn't recognizing my SLI, and was forcing me to use Xinerama and a single X Screen on each monitor, instead of a single X screen spread across three monitors, and apparantly this was causing issues.
Modifying my X config file manually to be very similar to https://www.martineve.com/2014/04/15/enabling-a-triple-head-3-monitor-setup-on-linux-mint-16-petra-with-two-nvidia-cards/ has corrected everything.


This is likely because of something known as framebuffer. In order to disable it try adding the kernel parameters i915.modeset=1 or i915.modeset=0. In order to do this you'll need to restart computer, then press Shift to enter the grub menu, and when Ubuntu is highlighted press e. After seeing the line which has something like linux_gfxmode or something like that add one of those parameter to the line. Once you've done that press Ctrl+X.


Why one of applications thinks that JAVA_HOME is set to openjdk 9 directory? [Not actual anymore]

Two things:

This line export JAVA_HOME should not be in /etc/emvironment, then make JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-amd64 this JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-amd64", and
This JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-amd64" in ~/.bashrc should be replace with these lines:

JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-amd64"
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin


First of all, there is some basic concept here: the programs and the source code that you are editing are pure text --- there is no color or style information in the file. It is the editor that decides what color and style to apply when showing it to you. You can easily check that different editors will highlight the structure of your code in different ways. This thing is called syntax highlight. See for example how vim and gedit render the same file:

Now you can export a syntax highlighted version of your code to various formats, but remember: this will not be code anymore, but a document; you cannot compile and execute it.

My preferred tool for that is pygmentize. You can install it with sudo apt-get install python-pygments. For example,

 % pygmentize -f html -o out.html  imgsize.py

will create an html version of your code, usable for web publishing, and

 % pygmentize -f rtf -o out.rtf  imgsize.py

will create an .rtf that you can read with Libreoffice or MS Word. There are a lot of formatters available.


Front panel audio jack is not working in Ubuntu 16.04

What helped for me was to run alsamixer with headphones in. Then moving right to the column marked "Auto-Mute mode" and pressing down to disable it.

Headphones then worked.

I also ran sudo alsactl store for good luck.

Seems to have worked.


You can use Ubuntu Customization Kit, Ubuntu Builder, Customizer or possibly other tools to remaster the ISO and add the software/configurations you want, building your own Ubuntu based LiveCD.


How I can set MAAS to download boot-image for nodes from local storage not internet

PXE images are loaded from your MAAS server, but when booted, they are using an Ubuntu archive mirror to download/update some packages.

You can set up local Ubuntu archive mirror and then change MAAS > Settings > Ubuntu accordingly.


What is the protocol to open Software Center with installation page for a selected application?

There is an easy way to do it!
I've found this by going through the inspect element console in the apps.ubuntu.com website.
And its easier than expected.Just need to know the real name of the software you want to open in software center !
Just add this code on the place of the url (This can't be done without editing the code in HTML)
  apt://
This apt:// code tells ubuntu when the user clicks the button to open Ubuntu software center.
And if you want to install a specific software, then add the software name just after it.
Like this apt://openshot !!
Isn't it easy ?
Then do it !


Not able to connect to the internet using HUAWEI E303 datacard

Instead of NDIS, you can try with this:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2008275 . Apply to Ubuntu 11.04 but maybe it should work with 14.04


install 13.04 from usb on dell inspiron 600m

First, you can re-install the live usb using the same version (Ubuntu 13.04), although I'd suggest using Ubuntu 12.4.2 if you will be using it for a long time.

Some things to consider. Is your hardware / BIOS set to use UEFI?
If so, change it in the BIOS settings and / or select the proper way to mount the USB via the BIOS boot selection.

Have you set the bios to boot from the USB?
This also can be done via the BIOS settings.

As long as the version you are trying to use is listed on the Universal USB Installer, everything should work on that end. Re-install it on the USB and give it another go.

Also, check out the answers on the possible duplicate tag above.


How do I enable the Ubuntu One tray applet?

Those of you wanting to know more about what the syncdaemon is doing may be interested in magicicada. It's a desktop app that talks to syncdaemon over dbus. It's already in Maverick, and you can get it off the PPA for Lucid: ppa:chicharreros/ppa.

"A tool for engineers by engineers" would aptly describe it.


Ruby command not recognized after installing it with rvm

What went wrong?
During installation, rvm puts two lines (first one is a comment though) in ~/.bash_profile file to help bash recognize ruby binaries. But the problem is Ubuntu's bash ignores this file. As a result, it doesn't know that you already installed ruby and prompts you to install ruby!
The problem can be solved in two different way.

Solution 1: Using ~/.bashrc file
Open your ~/.bashrc file and put these two lines (or last one) there.
### Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"

Solution 2: Make the regular shell session as login shell
Or you can turn on your virtual terminal's preference to consider the shell as Login Shell. The settings can be found in -

Gnome Terminal: Menu > Edit > Profile Preference > Command Tab > Run command as a login shell

Mate Terminal: Menu > Edit > Profile Preference > Title & Command Tab > Run command as a login shell

Xfce4 Terminal: Menu > Edit > Preference > General Tab > Run command as login shell

Either one will do the job.

Another solution could be installing Ruby in System using Ubuntu's repository. But that defeats the purpose of using rvm at first place.


How to prevent last screen from appearing after turning back on my computer

X11 automatic screenlocking is always risky. The only safe way to ensure your screen is locked when you resume is to lock your screen manually before suspending.


Use sudo journalctl -b -1 -e to see the end of the previous boot's log.


Is the CPU power management set permanently to Performance mode in 12.04?

The ondemand governor is the default and best for most general use-cases.  Incidentally, I ran some analysis on this for 12.04 to see how the governors shape up on different scenarios:

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~cking/power-benchmarking/cpu-governor/results.txt
http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~cking/power-benchmarking/cpu-governor/cpu-governors.ods


The fastest way is to use command prompt with cp command.

So you have to mount 2nd HDD and run this command:

cp -R source/* destination

Hope you can understand from this short description. Reply for further assistance..

cp command tutorial

cp command tutorial 2


I would suggest downloading the .deb file from debian snapshots and installing it from there. Otherwise if you want to install it from the apt repository, you should take a look at this almost duplicate question and follow the answer.


Adding additional disks to ubuntu 20 installation

In Linux you can set up LVM (Logical Volume Manager) to logically expand your partitions over several HDDs, then it is just a question of adding a HDD and register it via LVM, then extend your partition to include the new HDD. You can also use table partitioning, see https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/ddl-partitioning.html, but I would personally use the LVM alternative. See e.g.: https://www.rootusers.com/lvm-resize-how-to-increase-an-lvm-partition/


Way to automatically resize 2 windows to take up half of the screen

Unity has this built in by default.

You can Ctrl + Alt + a keypad key to arrange the window. It's fairly logical if you have a keypad!


Is it bad to have a long list in my crontab?

No, it is not bad to have a long list in crontab. cron executes in minutes at the shortest time frame so it is not in real time but you can also have your notices in real time (see below).

As an alternative option you can also use cron to run 1 script that executes all your different crontab lines you otherwise would have included in your crontab where that file is executes or checks all the different options you want to get notices from. That would also be easier to maintain: if you need a new task you add it to your script and you can check if that job is flawed from the script itself (cron can be rather picky).

Might I also suggest you also have a look at creating an upstart job. This would be more the Ubuntu way. This way you create a daemon or service that you can start and stop from command linel. Plus it would make your notices real time instead of periodically.

What is Upstart?

  Upstart is an event-based replacement for the /sbin/init daemon which handles starting of tasks and services during boot, stopping them during shutdown and supervising them while the system is running.

Upstart.ubuntu.com
Upstart Stanzas
Example #1 with how to
Example #2

# Ubuntu upstart file at /etc/init/yourservice.conf

pre-start script
    mkdir -p /var/log/yourcompany/
end script

respawn
respawn limit 15 5

start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [06]

script
su - youruser -c "NODE_ENV=test exec /var/www/yourcompany/yourproject/yourservice.js 2>&1" >>  /var/log/yourcompany/yourservice.log
end script


What can I do to stabilize my wifi connection?

You can install a better driver by

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rtl8192cu-dkms linux-firmware


How can I backup my pre-installed Windows 8 before I install ubuntu?

If your laptop came with a preinstalled windows 8 there must be some sort of utility included to create backup disks. Just use that software to take a backup of your windows 8. However these backup may not keep your windows os settings in case of a re-installation.

[Advanced: If you can explore the hidden drives (by running diskmgmt.msc), you will see *.wim images in there, those are the windows deployment packages. You can save them also, but restoring them is a little bit complex method]

Second option is to use any cloning software to clone your hard disk to an external driver. But this usually requires the external drive capacity should be same as your laptop.

Installing ubuntu in preinstalled windows 8 is lot more complecated. Thanks to the secure boot requirement of preinstalled windows 8 PC. You can go through the link below to have a guide on how to proceed with instillation..

Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI


Windows cannot see the contents of your Ubuntu partition

Ubuntu uses the Ext filesystem by default. Windows doesn't know what this filesystem is, so unless you specifically told Ubuntu to format its partition using NTFS (the Windows filesystem), Windows will see it as empty.

To see if the partition is actually empty, boot into your live CD again and see if it can see the contents of your Ubuntu partition. Chances are, it will. If not, then something did, in fact, go wrong with your installation and you should try again.

Grub is probably not loading right for some reason

Sometimes, Grub, the little program that allows you to choose which operating system, doesn't get installed quite right. (Sometimes, it conflicts with the Windows loader, which serves the same purpose.) There are a couple of things you can do to fix it.

Install Ubuntu again. This is kind of a nuclear option, but if it's a fresh install, anyway, it won't hurt anything. It would probably be a good idea to check the disk for errors before installing (you can find that option on the disk's initial menu).
Update/repair Grub. If you are comfortable, and can drop into a Linux terminal/command line environment, either through your boot menu, or through the Live CD, you may be able to update grub with sudo update-grub. Here's a similar AskUbuntu answer with step-by-step instructions on how to do this. This should fix any errors or conflicts encountered and re-establish Grub as the bootloader.

It could be some other edge-case problem

If you do one of the two options in the "Grub is not loading right" section and you're still not getting anywhere, it might be something like this problem, where OS Prober got disabled somehow.

Another possibility is that Ubuntu somehow didn't get added to Grub's menu list. This post explains how you can temporarily edit the command that Grub runs, which may allow you to boot into your Ubuntu install. From there, you can install a Grub customizer to edit your Grub list. This is a rather advanced option and so should probably not be used unless you've tried the above and are comfortable with the command line.

If none of these things work, then you'll probably need to post more information to this question so that we can better determine the underlying cause of the problem you're having.


Cannot boot up suddenly, possible problem with hardware clock?

Well, I didn't find any solutions here (or anywhere else for that matter), so I guess I'll just answer my own questions by saying I fixed it by reinstalling Ubuntu from a LiveCD.  That worked fine.  I think he problem may have been caused by external devices plugged into the machine during reboot (possibly either the monitor or an external network drive that was mounted).


Restoring Ubuntu grub with testdisk after windows 10 update

I think windows just deleted the partition. so try this.

open up testdisk

sudo testdisk

select your drive.

then select your partition table just choose what it has detected.

then select Analyze

then press enter do a quick Search.

then select the Linux partition like what i have done below. then press enter then press enter again to do a deeper Search.

the process should look like this it will take some time.

when thats done use your up and down arrow keys to select different partitions press p to see the file list if nothing shows press q to edit and select another partition.

when you come across the partition with your data on it copy all your  important  data to another location never back up to the same drive. back up by selecting files fodders by pressing shift and : when your done selecting press c to copy the selected files. or press a

when you have found a location where you want to save your data. press c and your data will be coyed to that location.

Edit

What to do after the data is backed up.

Open up a terminal and type in

sudo parted /dev/sda

Type in unit s

    GNU Parted 2.3
    Using /dev/sda
    Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
    (parted) unit s

Then type in rescue (put the first sector of the extended  partition here.) and then (put the END sector here of the extended  partition)

in Gpart the start sector and end sector can be found by right clicking the extended partition and clicking information

example or the rescue command.

(parted) rescue 21239808 31475711

press enter. then it scan the partition table.
when it finds the partition it will ask you if you want to add it to the partition table. Type in yes and you should have the partition back and all your data.

then you  want to run these commands to get it booted again.

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

sudo update-grub /dev/sda

let me know how it goes.


I managed to work around this by setting chrome://flags/#force-color-profile to sRGB and restarting Chrome. Now blue seems to be rendered correctly all the time.


You can use if inside the loop to check if the file exists. And if it does, then only mv operation would take place.

for n in $(seq 9)
do
  if [[ -f $n.JPEG ]]
  then
       mv $n.JPEG 0$n.JPEG
  fi
done;

Or in one line:

for n in $(seq 9); do if [[ -f $n.JPEG ]]; then mv $n.JPEG 0$n.JPEG; fi done;


NodeJS provides instructions for installing the latest versions of Node through various package managers on their website.

  For Node.js v12.x:

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs


See below for what worked for me. Bluetooth could not be toggled on or off from applet, nor from settings effectively. It just turned itself off for no reason. Reboot of OS would not work either. Here is someone else's fix and explanation that worked for me. PS Bluetooth applet image is still invisible.

update bluez to >=5.28.2

18.04 ships with a buggy bluez package for now; newer version is available from this PPA :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bluetooth/bluez
sudo apt update
sudo apt install bluez


Prerequisites

In order to boot to tty1 directly, remove splash from the following line in /etc/default/grub:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

...and run sudo update-grub.

To prevent systemd from spawning a getty on tty1, mask the corresponding service:

sudo systemctl mask getty@tty1.service

Create a systemd service unit

Create the following file, you can name it as you like of course:

/etc/systemd/system/example.service

[Unit]
Description=Example tty1 service
After=multi-user.target

[Service]
Type=idle
ExecStart=/bin/bash /bin/example.sh
StandardOutput=tty
StandardInput=tty
TTYPath=/dev/tty1

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

That service will be started after multi-user.target has been reached, run /bin/example.sh and use tty1 for input and output.

Run the following command to enable the service:

sudo systemctl enable example.service

I don't know what your script does, but here is an example that waits for a key press and shuts down the computer (you can still switch to another tty):

/bin/example.sh

#!/bin/bash

echo Press any key to shutdown
read -n 1 -s -r
poweroff
exit 0


How can I copy, recursive directory, only files with a attribute 1, and reset this a attribute to 0?

You will probably have to install the package attr if you want to set and get extended attributes.

You can write a script in a shell language, or a higher level language to descend directories and examine each file, copying the ones that meet your criteria. I would use python, personally.

By using the getfattr command you can retrieve the value for a user.name you define yourself as an extended attribute. After copying the file you could then set a different value by executing the setfattr command.

I don't see an option for rsync or dump to do this. Dump is said to ignore files with the d (non-extended) attribute set. These regular attributes are set with chattr and attributes are examined with lsattr. These commands also include setting a version for a file, in case that can be used as a substitute for the bit setting/clearing you are asking about. I suppose you could make the version alternate between 0 and 1 if you like. See man chattr and man lsattr and, in particular, the -v option.

The legacy dump command appears to use a file (/var/lib/dumpdates) of its own to keep track of what has been backed-up when so it can backup incrementally, which may be the sort of thing you are getting at.

It may be helpful to know more about what you are trying to achieve in case there is another approach that doesn't involve programming.


Good practices for updating a server? [without affecting current running services]

As far as I understand your question:  You want security updates automatically installed and other updates postponed until tested and you want to know if this is called "good practice"

Well, yes. This is indeed good practice.

What you need on your ubuntu-server install is the package: unattended-upgrades

running services will not be affected until restarted.

In the edited part of your question you changed the wishlist a bit:
How to update everything except the critical running services.

This one is a bit less straightforward but you could fix their current version so they will not be updated, read here about pinning


Can I take a computer off of Ubuntu Livepatch?

Yes, just run

sudo snap run canonical-livepatch disable


fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms - Postfix + Dovecot

I'm not sure if your socket private/auth-client exists. Try to replace with:
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth in main.cf.


For wget to work, you need to set http_proxy and https_proxy environment variables. E.g.:

export http_proxy="http://proxyhost:8080/"
export https_proxy="http://proxyhost:8080/"

You can check what values are set by executing:

echo $http_proxy

Generally, it is better to set your browser to "Use system proxy settings" and then configure proxy under "System -> Preferences -> Network Proxy" (and apply system-wide). This sets proxy settings in various places. However, I'm not sure if this configures above mentioned environment variables as well.


Try adding

vm.swappiness=0

to the end of /etc/sysctl.conf and reboot or set swappiness to zero. This way you will not hit disk swap until you run out of RAM.

You can also try disabling Akonadi:

https://userbase.kde.org/Akonadi#Disabling_the_Akonadi_subsystem

http://www.my-guides.net/en/guides/linux/how-to-disable-nepomuk-strigi-and-akonadi-in-kde4 (applicable to KDE5)


How can I easily create a GUI dialog with a bash script?

Here's a very minimal implementation in Yad.

A textfile named 'mylist' in the same directory as the script contains "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10". A space character is the default delimeter for input into lists.

The example script is:

#/bin/bash
thelist=$(<mylist)
thechoice=$(yad --title="Choose a value" --width=200 --height=200 --list --column="Values" --separator="" $thelist)
exit $(yad --title="You chose..." --text=$thechoice)

That's it. Scrolling the list is handled automatically. The --separator="" is to supress Yad's default of appending a pipe character ("|") to the output.

When you read the man page, you will see that you have a large array of possibilites. You can add buttons, icons, radio buttons, etc. You can create tabbed dialogs by using Yad's Notebook feature to embed dialogs within other dialogs as plugins.

There's a long example at PCLinusOS mag and some interesting shorter examples at the Yad site.


How can I get mv (or the * wildcard) to move hidden files?

You can do this :

shopt -s dotglob
mv /tmp/home/rcook/* /home/rcook/

You can put

shopt -s dotglob

in your ~/.bashrc if you want it to be the default.

See http://mywiki.wooledge.org/glob

Another approach to copy the dot files:

mv /tmp/home/rcook/.[!.]* /home/rcook/

Don't use the pattern ..* as it matches .. (pointer to the parent directory). If there are files whose name begin with two dots (..something), also use the pattern ..?*.


Having a few troubles as a first time user

As you're a first time user i'll try to solve your problem while still teaching you a little about the startup of a computer so that you can understand the conceptual mistake you're making, which is pretty normal given your experience.The bootable usb is an option available that allows you to try and install virtually all linux distros, having that in mind, let's start:

1- Once you hit the power button on your computer the first program that is executed is called BIOS and completes the POST (power on self test) the screen and the keyboard are turned on and the memory is tested.

2- the boot loader, there are two main different types of systems: the ones that use the BIOS/MBR method or the EFI/UEFI machines, What these protocols do is basically search bootable partitions on the hard disk

3- the grub program (there are others this is the default bootloader for ubuntu) which displays the different bootable option that are found on the hard disk.

conclusions:

You have the ubuntu iso in a usb stick and when you tell the system to boot from the usb the grub program will only scan the given usb and not look  on the hard disk of the computer, that's why you cannot find the rest of your partitions (windows and mac).

What to do:

In order to allow the grub to display the rest of the partitions you will have to install ubuntu on your computer and setting up the partitions with the rest of the OS's. I leave you a link to that topic:


How to configure a `dconf` key globally across all user accounts

Do not get me wrong, but I think that here exists simpler way than editing XML-files.

You can use dconf-based profiles.
I have read about it in RedHat documentation:

"9.4. What Are dconf Profiles?"
"9.5. Configuring Custom Default Values".

Below is rough example for your problem:

sudo mkdir -p /etc/dconf/profile

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/dconf/profile/user
user-db:user
system-db:local
EOF

sudo mkdir -p /etc/dconf/db/local.d

cat <<EOF | sudo tee  /etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-my
[org/gnome/desktop/media-handling]
automount=false
EOF

sudo dconf update


What are Window Managers, Desktop Managers, Desktop Environments, Login Managers? Which one do you need and Why?

Understanding Dos and Window Managers

Ubuntu and Debian are like DOS; it receives input from the keyboard and responds to input by outputting text to one screen (one window).  A window manager (WM) allows multiple windows to be drawn and is thus essential for multitasking and a huge evolution in OS design.  Anything drawn on the screen; that's a window manager at work, but it needs to receive drawing orders from a program or a number of programs.  Drawing a background on the desktop (root window) that's a program that sends orders to the WM (Window Manager).  Restoring desktop content that's another program giving orders to WM.  Drawing a taskbar, an application launcher, a dock, a system tray that's a number of programs giving more orders to WM.  When receiving these drawing orders part of those orders must specify whether to draw in an existing window or a new window.

The question is what does the WM do if it's a new window?  Does it put on top of another window, beside it or allow for both possibilities?  This is the basic difference between a stacking window manager, a tiling window manager and a dynamic window manager.  Microsoft Windows uses a stacking WM, but wait a minute why are the windows allowed to be stacked and where is the order?  Two reasons: windows are allowed to be stacked to make the most out of screen real-estate and order is arbitrary and unnecessary for stacking WM; if you can see it and select it then that is sufficient according to Microsoft and stacking WMs.  How - is called a task bar.  On windows this taskbar holds the start button, quick launch, windows (in order that they are launched) and system tray.  So, you should be able to see your windows in the taskbar via its title and simply select it with your mouse to bring it to front and into focus.  That's how stacking WMs work.  They technically don't require a taskbar if they have key bindings (keyboard shortcuts) to navigate the windows.  Coincidentally, this is exactly how a person likely navigates windows with a tiling WM which orders the windows according to a schema without overlap at the cost of screen real-estate.

In a tiling WM windows must be selected and maximized each time which is annoying.  The joy of stacking WMs is you can navigate through maximized windows; you only have to maximize them once to do this.  Perhaps some tiling managers have a way around this, but none that I know of.  Now tiling managers have a way around limited screen real estate by using virtual desktops aka workstations; each workstation has its own screen, thus when you run out of screen space you simply move to another workstation.  You can also do this with stacking WM, but it is especially important for tiling WM.  However, I find this annoying and tedious. If you have an extra large screen or multiple screens tiling managers make more sense, but this is an opinion as many Windows users have multi-monitor setups, and which kind of window manager does Windows use - a stacking one. A layman with a small single monitor will like prefer a stacking window manager with a taskbar and find this easier to use (is merely mouse dependent).  This is because tiling WMs use key combinations to control windows and there are a lot of key combinations to remember and a new user especially one unfamiliar with tiling WMs cannot easily figure out how to work it especially when there are no visual cues to help guide them like a minus, rectangle or X at the top right of the window of some stacking WM.  A tiling manager is thus innately more complicated for a layman.  Key bindings allow one to manipulate windows (minimize, maximize, open, close, make full screen), organize (put side-by-side, put on a different workstation), select windows (switch to, switch from) and execute programs without needing an application launcher, and much much more.

Beyond familiarizing yourself with the difference between different types of window manager there are important considerations prior to selecting your specific WM.   Make sure you always install a window manager which has all key and mouse bindings and buttons you require to control windows, and that allows for custom key bindings as well.  If there are insufficient key bindings to control windows then that is a shitty WM, don't install, try, test or use it.  N.B. custom key bindings can be enabled with a number of other applications separate from the WM.  If you install a stacking window manager, make sure you also install a taskbar.  Likewise, I would not recommend a WM that does not come with a config file, because truth be told you are going to have customize the shit out of it especially if you are not using a Desktop Manager and we'll talk more about that shortly.

Some examples of great stacking window managers include (Blackbox, Openbox, Fluxbox, XFwm, Kwin, Jwm, Icewm, Metacity, Mutter).  Mutter is designed as a library.  Thus GNOME-Shell is the everything; a shell, a compositor and a window manager [Link ][1].  Some examples of great tiling window managers include i3, Sway, Awesome, Dwm, PaperWM).

Understanding Desktop Managers

Some example of Desktop Managers (DM) include Gnome Desktop, Xfce, LXDE, Plasma (KDE).  DMs are a series of programs and their dependents that tell a WM to draw various components of a Desktop. A DM is not a DM unless it has a persistent graphical user-space; what is known as a desktop.  A DM should also provide the option to install various widgets on the desktop or taskbar, and ability to add and remove anything on the desktop.  All other functions are optional, but they frequently include a taskbar with an app launcher and a system tray.  The desktop (user-space) is technically a root window that cannot be closed, but can be killed.  This root window is session and reboot persistent and possesses a customizable background, important or frequently accessed files and folders, and shortcuts to access programs, files and folders anywhere on the system i.e, the recycle bin and mounted drives could be on the desktop.  Different users have different desktops.

A Desktop Environment (DE) anything on the desktop or initialization of the window manager that is reboot persistent.  If you avoid Desktop Managers, and opt to use mostly just a window manager instead, you probably want to enhance your DE, and don't just want; to arrive at a terminal, blank background or empty wallpaper background with or without a right-click menu.

i3wm is a tiling window manager that comes with a number of programs which is "code" for DE enhancements. Those enhancements are a makeshift taskbar and systemtray.  Looking at the underpinnings of a desktop, if you think about it, it is essentially a file manager with one folder and background. That is to say it is a separate program from the window manager.  You can set a root window in i3wm and most window managers and even make that reboot persistent, but that falls into DE, not DM because it does not have a userspace nor does it have the builtin ability to easily add or remove items to the desktop.

DMs always use a stacking WM because these WMs allow anything to be drawn anywhere and over anything which is requirement for a desktop, and a desktop is not only a root window, but a fakefullscreen (FFS) root window.  FFS fills the screen up to the borders of the other non-transparent windows that are part of the desktop i.e., taskbar.

Now, do you want or need a user-space for your files and folders that is always instantly available on the background and doesn't require loading a file manager to access your /home directory (true user-space)?  If you answer yes then you want a DM which gives a desktop and allows you to customize it easily.  Remember, you will also need a stacking window manager, because a tiling window manager must divide windows without overlap with a preset order.  A tiling WM like any WM must be consistent with everything, and since tiling WM order windows in accordance to presets, to draw a taskbar would require making an exception, but a preset exception is an oxymoron or impossibility.  It essentially falls outside the role of a tiling window manager.  A stacking window manager on the other hand does understand the concept of a root window. Both stacking and tiling WM must draw within a window, but because stacking WM can overlap windows in any manner, it effectively means they can draw anywhere without any rules unlike a tiling WM.  I have not yet found a tiling WM that understands the concept of a root window, likely this would be a dynamic WM. Remember the primary features of a DM is the desktop (persistent graphical user-space) and the ability to add and remove items from the desktop.

When picking a DM it can confusing, but it isn't if you remember what they are designed to do; provide a persistent graphical user-space (desktop) and allow the user to easily customize the desktop i.e., easily add or remove items (widgets, bars) from/to it.  And third information of interest is memory use.  In terms of doing their job, I would rank as follows: 1. Plasma-Desktop (just doesn't get any better than this), 2. Gnome-Desktop (Not as modular or easy, but still very customizable) 3. XFCE (lacking in ease of adding and removing widgets; items you can put on bars or the desktop).  That's my opinion.  On memory, the ranking is 1. XFCE (300MB), 2. Plasma (410-500MB) 3. Gnome (450-500MB).

It is simply a matter of taste.  DMs are easier to use and use more memory and cpu.  The WM route, requires a lot more work or labor of love to get that polished look and to make it persistent, but moreoften uses fewer system resources and is more stable.


Suggest me which version ubuntu is to download for my system configuration

You can go for the latest version 13.10 . It will work fine.
Latest system requirements for 13.10 are

700 MHz processor (about Intel Celeron or better)
512 MiB RAM (system memory)
5 GB of hard-drive space
VGA capable of 1024x768 screen resolution
Either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media
(Internet access is helpful)


All joysticks as "DragonRise Inc. Generic USB joystick"

My understanding is that there are driver issues, further work may need to be done reverse engineering the devices, they have never worked 100% and recently got worse.

There have been no developments for the drivers for many years, but there are a few mentions of this problem in 2015 (Youtube, Debian bug) so perhaps Steam is helping draw attention to these devices.

I found jstest-gtk a nice utility when checking these things out, my experiences with Xbox compatible controllers is very good, but I'm looking for a more PSX style one myself.


VMware Workstation 9 does not work in Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit

I was able to get this working. I had similar errors as you using Workstation 9.0.2. I then installed 9.0.3, and the only module that failed to build was Virtual ethernet. I then used the patch for the vmnet module found here: VMware modules & kernel 3.13

It is intended for Workstation 10, but it also worked for me using 9.0.3. I actually used the patch linked near the bottom of the page: vmware 3.13. The patching actually failed (I'm not sure why, I didn't dig into it) but I was able to manually make the changes from the patch and that worked fine.


Forget the old Windows key. when you re-pair the bluetooth device in Ubuntu, a new key will be generated.

If the bluetooth device is not even seen, maybe there is a driver problem - what bluetooth hardware/driver are you using?  Please post the output of:"

dmesg |grep -i blue


How to allow a user totally control local web server?

You can do it by giving the file ownership to the user. Use chown command to do that.

ex: chown -R user website_folder

[-R is for recursively change file ownership; change user and the folder accordingly].

And make sure you have write permission too. You can set write permission with chmod.

ex: chmod +x webpage.html

[The above command will give the write permission to the current user]


Please check first if your friend have a real public IP Address and not a NAT  private IP Address (10.x.x.x or 172.16-31.x.x or 192.168.x.x)

If he has, you are in luck and you can try

ssh user@ipaddress

But most Telco operators do "Carrier grade NAT" in there mobile networks to hide a lot of costumers behind the same IP. In such a network a SSH Connection ist not direct possible because you can't open the relevant SSH port.


How do I hide/disable close buttons for GNOME windows?

You may try one of the following.

1. Tweak Pixel Saver code

You may tweak Pixel Saver to get rid of the buttons by following these steps:

Go to Pixel Saver directory viz. ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/pixel-saver@deadalnix.me/ (if it is installed locally).
Open the extension.js file with a text editor.
Look for the three lines

Buttons.init(extensionMeta);
Buttons.enable();
Buttons.disable();

and comment them out by putting // before the lines (i.e. change Buttons.init(extensionMeta); to //Buttons.init(extensionMeta); and so on).
Save the extension.js file.
Restart GNOME shell by pressing alt+f2 and then entering r and pressing enter.

Note: These changes to the extension.js file will most probably be overwritten by each update of the extension.

This will get rid of window buttons for maximised windows from the "Activities" bar at the top. I believe that's what you wish to achieve.

2. GNOME settings

If you want to get rid of all the buttons from all windows, run the following command in Terminal:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences button-layout :

3. Use a different extension

No Title Bar is a fork of Pixel Saver that specifically implements this functionality.


Why isn't LMRoman17 font available in libreoffice?

Have you tried rebuilding your font cache? It helps in a lot of cases.

rm ~/.fontconfig
sudo fc-cache -f -v


Is there any command-line image/PDF/PPT (powerpoint) viewer that supports transitions?

To my knowledge, there is no truly CLI interface to view PDFs, Pictures, or PPT presentations, those all require graphical interfaces to display transitions and pictures.

While I'm fairly certain that text within a PDF or a PPT can probably be displayed after some conversion to other formats, there is no CLI interface which I know of that can actually do what you're asking for.

I am also certain there is no one all-inclusive viewer for this, and you'll have to use multiple tools if you want the GUI.


byobu: "cannot exec new no such file or directory"

It seems there's a misunderstanding. You don't "create a new session in Byobu". Byobu is "only" a shell for a terminal multiplexer. As this terminal multiplexer as the backend to Byobu, you can choose between screen and tmux. You might say, running Byobu is more or less are way to run screen or tmux with added features.

Commands that you pass to byobu are passed to your backend. new -s <sessionname> seems to be a syntax that tmux understands, but not screen. It looks like you've configured Byobu to use screen as backend per default. You can choose the backend you want by calling byobu-screen or byobu-tmux, respectively, instead of simply byobu. Alternatively you can change your default backend with the tool byobu-select-backend.

So you've got two possibilities: Look up the syntax needed to have screen start a new session, or use tmux as your backend for Byobu as described above.


You're trying to get content of repos for xenial Ubuntu distribution (16.04)
but if you go for example to http://ppa.launchpad.net/kernel-ppa/ppa/ubuntu/dists/ you can see that xenial is not available for this ppa/.
Did you system upgrade to 16.04 recently?

It doesn't have anything in common with removal of kernel.


Unable to install "": snap "" has "install-snap" change in progress

Snap is probably still working on something in the background (or at least it thinks so). Open a terminal and run snap changes so see a list of ongoing changes.
$ snap changes
...
123  Doing   2018-04-28T10:40:11Z  -  Install "foo" snap
...

You can abort ongoing change(s):
sudo snap abort 123

Then you should be able to successfully install VLC through the software center, or through the command line using snap install vlc.


MTP Connection: Unable to mount Samsung Android error many times in a minute!

My Galaxy S4 will do the same thing on a 3.0 USB port. Try using a 2.0 USB port if you have one. You might also try a different USB cord. It shouldn’t make a difference, but it does. I got mine to work with a 3.0 port by swapping out cords until I found one that did the job.


how to remove non-latin fonts without auto-removing xubuntu-desktop?

Following @gunnar-hjalmarsson's pointer I left the fonts on with the metapackage had strong depegdencies installed (fonts-noto-core fonts-noto-hinted fonts-noto-ui-core)... and removed only the 'recommended' ones that are installed by default in the (X)Ubuntu install process:
sudo apt-get remove --purge fonts-beng fonts-beng-extra fonts-deva fonts-deva-extra fonts-gargi fonts-gubbi fonts-gujr fonts-gujr-extra fonts-guru fonts-guru-extra fonts-indic fonts-kalapi
  fonts-khmeros-core fonts-knda fonts-lao fonts-lklug-sinhala fonts-lohit-beng-assamese fonts-lohit-beng-bengali fonts-lohit-deva fonts-lohit-gujr fonts-lohit-guru
  fonts-lohit-knda fonts-lohit-mlym fonts-lohit-orya fonts-lohit-taml fonts-lohit-taml-classical fonts-lohit-telu fonts-mlym fonts-nakula fonts-navilu
  fonts-orya fonts-orya-extra fonts-pagul fonts-sahadeva fonts-samyak-deva fonts-samyak-gujr fonts-samyak-mlym
  fonts-samyak-taml fonts-sarai fonts-sil-abyssinica fonts-sil-padauk fonts-smc fonts-smc-anjalioldlipi fonts-smc-chilanka fonts-smc-dyuthi fonts-smc-gayathri
  fonts-smc-karumbi fonts-smc-keraleeyam fonts-smc-manjari fonts-smc-meera fonts-smc-rachana fonts-smc-raghumalayalamsans fonts-smc-suruma fonts-smc-uroob fonts-taml
  fonts-telu fonts-telu-extra fonts-thai-tlwg fonts-tibetan-machine fonts-tlwg-garuda fonts-tlwg-garuda-ttf fonts-tlwg-kinnari fonts-tlwg-kinnari-ttf fonts-tlwg-laksaman
  fonts-tlwg-laksaman-ttf fonts-tlwg-loma fonts-tlwg-loma-ttf fonts-tlwg-mono fonts-tlwg-mono-ttf fonts-tlwg-norasi fonts-tlwg-norasi-ttf fonts-tlwg-purisa
  fonts-tlwg-purisa-ttf fonts-tlwg-sawasdee fonts-tlwg-sawasdee-ttf fonts-tlwg-typewriter fonts-tlwg-typewriter-ttf fonts-tlwg-typist fonts-tlwg-typist-ttf fonts-tlwg-typo
  fonts-tlwg-typo-ttf fonts-tlwg-umpush fonts-tlwg-umpush-ttf fonts-tlwg-waree fonts-tlwg-waree-ttf fonts-yrsa-rasa
  fonts-noto-cjk


Can't Add Nameservers 16.04 LTS virtual install

Interesting.. you could also try defining nameserver in /etc/resolv.conf
which should look something like this:

nameserver 10.0.0.50 10.0.0.51


Hover your mouse on the top of the window. It should appear.

Alternatively you can use Alt + F10 shortcut.


Unable to connect Point-to-point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) VPN in ubuntu 17.10

I managed to solve the same issue like this:

$ ls /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/

I compared my VPN configurations between my Ubuntu 17.10 and another machine with a different Linux (where the VPN did work) and changed the 17.10 configuration accordingly.

"[vpn]password-flags=" was set to "1", I changed it to "0"

"[vpn-secrets]password=" was completely missing, so I just added it after the "[vpn]"-section and filled out my password before saving the configuration.

Then I restarted the network manager:
$ sudo service network-manager restart

That's it.


Just experienced the same problem with the 9900k and ubuntu 18.10.

Using the mesa packages available from the ppa
ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
fixed it for me:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
sudo apt dist-upgrade

and reboot or restart Xorg.


To answer your question as posted, yes you can run a login shell in xterm by passing the -ls option i.e.
xterm -ls

From man xterm:

   -ls     This option indicates that the shell that is started in the
           xterm window will be a login shell (i.e., the first character
           of argv[0] will be a dash, indicating to the shell that it
           should read the user's .login or .profile).

You can start bash as a login shell in an existing terminal by passing the -l or --login option
bash -l

This will start the login shell as a child of the current shell; if you want to replace the current interactive shell with a login shell, you can use exec:
exec bash -l

Alternatively, as suggested by Jos you can install an SSH server and then login locally exactly as you would remotely
ssh localhost


After I deleted an iso file from ~/Downloads, I didn't get the disk space back

Within my ~/Downloads folder there is a hidden folder .Trash-1000, to which deleted things were going. I have no idea how that is supposed to be managed, but I got my disk space back by deleting its contents.


change home mount point, where does original folder go?

The old files are still on the old hard drive. If you boot to recovery mode and unmount home you will see them.

You can not see them with the new home mounted is all, they are sort of masked as you are pointing the location /home to the new space.


If your Ubuntu installation is using Logical Volume Manager (LVM) then most likely your /var is actually a Logical Volume (LV) as compared with a traditional partition.  The command to grow or shrink an LV is lvresize.  You will also require empty space in the Physical Volume (PV) if you wish to grow the /var LV.

Before attempting to resize /var, I recommend that you read and understand how LVM works.  Two places to start are Logical Volume Manager (Linux) and LVM - Arch Linux.


What's the difference between psql -V and apt-cache policy postgresql?

As has been mentioned in the comments, apt-cache policy <package name> asks apt-get to shows the package information, while psql -V makes the postgres itself report the version. So postgresql-9.6 is the package that contains the actual app and related files, among which psql. Either one is valid, but in case of apt-cache you need to provide the name of the actual package you've installed, while app or command might be different as in psql case.

As mentioned in the comments as well, you've installed the package as sudo apt-get install postgresql-9.6, and same name should be used with apt-cache policy:

$ apt-cache policy postgresql-9.6
postgresql-9.6:
  Installed: 9.6.3-4+b1
  Candidate: 9.6.3-4+b1
  Version table:
 *** 9.6.3-4+b1 500
<removed sources>


Here is a possibility.

Create a bootable Linux thumb drive. Here is an article https://www.cnet.com/how-to/what-to-do-with-your-usb-flash-drive-run-linux/

Boot from the thumb drive.

Mount the hard drive under media.

Use "sudo su" to become root.

You should now be able to rename the /home directory.

Shutdown and reboot from your hard disk.

If you set up your fstab correctly it should work.

If not, you may have difficulty logging in because there is no /home available.

In that unfortunate case you need to go back through the procedure and undo the rename.

You might consider a second option.

If your disk usage under /home is all down one or two directories, you might leave home in place and instead put in links to copies of those directories.

This leaves other user names in place and may be easier to trouble shoot.

Mike G.


How to move a exe file from kalivm to winvm?

You have to install the VirtualBox Guest Additions in both of the virtual machines, than drag the file from one VM to the host, then drag it into the other VM. If you need help with the installation of the Additions under Kali, you can ask here, if you want. It can be a bit tricky, it's easier under Windows.