Keepassx is only a secure vault for password storage in a file.
It's your charge to backup the file on a regular basis.

An option to get access to your file everywhere might be the use of cloud based storage (self hosted or as service). Keep in mind that cloud sotrage shouldn't be considered as the only way to backup things.


Problem with resolution after update ATI driver!

To remove the wrong driver is follow the instructions from here (link)[http://askubuntu.com/questions/74171/is-my-ati-graphics-card-supported-in-ubuntu] under the Title "After installing drivers from ATI binary"! Thanks for your help!


Ubuntu 20.04 Nvidia drivers tearing issues

Try in nvidia x server settings

X Server Display Configuration
Choose your monitor
Advanced
Force Full Composition
Pipeline


Is "Ubuntu Desktop for Developers" different from "Ubuntu Desktop"?

If you are referring to this page on ubuntu.com, please note that it is only saying that Ubuntu is a good operating system for developers.
There is not an official flavor of Ubuntu that is called "Ubuntu Desktop for Developers", so there's no difference!


You will need to reinstall a Windows Machine, either in a program such as Virtual Box, or on the physical hardware.

To install in Virtual Box, follow these instructions (they are a little dated, but good enough to know how to install it.)

To install Windows on your actual machine, follow these instructions.

You then need to follow the instructions provided by Microsoft to use the recovery program Windows 7 has - found here.


I had the same issue on Ubuntu and it was due to missing config file.
I fixed it by opening a terminal and typing:

touch ~/.config/zoomus.conf


This is a duplicate of How do I configure swappiness? .

Short answer: add the line

vm.swappiness = 0

to the file /etc/sysctl.conf and the change will persist after rebooting.

Since it's a system file, you will need to open your editor with superuser privileges.

gksudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf

should work if you're running regular Ubuntu, or you could use

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

to edit the file in a terminal on any Ubuntu variant. (If you use nano, CTRL+O saves the file and CTRL+X exits the editor when you're done.)

Add it exactly as written, to the end of the file, on its own line (press ENTER a couple times to create a new line, if necessary), save the file, and exit. Do not add a #. The system will not blow up.

Please let me know if this helps or if you have additional questions or clarifications.


broken packages reinstallation problem on Ubuntu 18.04

You can use the fix-missing option with apt update to run the updates and ensure the packages are up to date and there is no new version available for the packages.
sudo apt update --fix-missing

Once you are done with the update, execute the below command to force the package manager to find any missing dependencies or broken packages and install.
sudo apt install -f


Installing Ubuntu (or /any/ linux os, for that matter) freezes upon installation

I fixed the same problem by doing this:

at the grub menu choose install Ubuntu and press e to edit.
look for line that start with linux add acpi=off between quiet and splash.
then press F10 to execute the grub command.
now you are able to install Ubuntu but if you use a touchpad it will be disabled and you need to use a mouse instead.
after the install you need to restart and you need to repeat everything above when you are starting Ubuntu in grub.

then finally when Ubuntu is started do this:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-364

After this reboot the system.

Good luck, hope it helps for you as well.


Using sed, how could we cut a specific string from a line of text?

Since you want to convert everything to lowercase, using sed:

sed 's/^Email subject: \(.*\)/\L\1/' infile

sed command breakdown:

s: asserts to perform a substitution
/: separates the command from the pattern
^: matches the start of the line
Email subject: matches a Email subject: string
\(.*\): matches and groups any number of any character
/: separates the pattern from the replacement string
\L: zero-width assertion which forces the following pattern to be printed lowercase
\1: backreference which is replaced with the first capturing group


Two main options:

Demand that the whole script be run as root. Lots of scripts just exit out and suggest the user prepend the command with gksu.
Run things like this:

#!/bin/bash
gksu -- bash -c 'whoami; whoami; whoami # all these return root'


IBus/settings keyboard layout interference in Kubuntu

Assuming you are on 20.04 (or lower), this was improved in 20.10.
On 20.04 you can open /usr/share/ibus/component/simple.xml for editing and add the layout(s) you need. This comment shows an example of what it may look like.


Linux command for finding unique file contents in many text files

If you have "a bunch" of files, find and xargs are the tools to use.
 Your problem needs grep, sort and uniq, too

If all your error messages look like "Error: blah blah" at the beginning of the line (you should have said), this will do it:

find . -type f -print0 |\
  xargs -0 --no-run-if-empty grep --no-filename "^Error:" |\
    sort | uniq -c | sort -rn

The last line is a well known expression for counting unique occurrences. The first sort groups all of the same message together, uniq -c outputs only unique lines, prefaced by a count (-c), the the last sort -rn sorts by the numbers, in reverse order.

for readthis in find xargs grep sort uniq ; do
    man $readthis
done


Do I still need to create a SWAP partition in modern Linux?

No, Ubuntu supports a swap-file instead. And if you have enough memory - compared to what your applications need, and don't need suspend - you can run all without one.


list the hard disk details without root user

As non sudo/root user. -z is for filtering, -y80 is to make output narrower:

inxi -dzxxxy80
Drives:
  Local Storage: total: 1.98 TiB used: 602.87 GiB (29.7%)
  ID-1: /dev/sda vendor: Intel model: SSDSC2BW180A4 size: 167.68 GiB
  speed: 6.0 Gb/s serial: <filter> rev: DC32 scheme: MBR
  ID-2: /dev/sdb vendor: Western Digital model: WD1003FZEX-00MK2A0
  size: 931.51 GiB speed: 6.0 Gb/s rotation: 7200 rpm serial: <filter>
  rev: 1A01 temp: 31 C scheme: GPT
  ID-3: /dev/sdc vendor: Western Digital model: WD1001FALS-00E8B0
  size: 931.51 GiB speed: 3.0 Gb/s rotation: 7200 rpm serial: <filter>
  rev: 0K05 temp: 37 C scheme: GPT
  Optical-1: /dev/sr0 vendor: HL-DT-ST model: DVDRAM GH20LS10 rev: FL00
  dev-links: cdrom,cdrw,dvd,dvdrw
  Features: speed: 48 multisession: yes audio: yes dvd: yes
  rw: cd-r,cd-rw,dvd-r,dvd-ram state: running

It actually offers even more data but that version isn't in Ubuntu yet. I've set hddtemp to be able to be run as user, not root, normally you would not see temp data unless root.


Waiting 60 more seconds for network configuration

I found a solution here. Commenting out the lines that read "sleep 40" and "sleep 59" in /etc/init/failsafe.conf solved my problem. Saved the file after commenting, and then reboot. Now, my laptop is booting faster.


How to toggle window visibility with Ubuntu 18.04 dock?

if not installed install dconf editor

sudo apt install dconf-editor

open it, use the search icon on the top bar and search for dock, open the first result (it should be /org/gnome/shell/extensions/dash-to-dock/), now adjust the value for click-action to minimize.


Wallch not working after upgrading to Ubuntu 15.04

Please see this bug report: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1453849

Install the wallch-daily ppa provided from the Wallch Team.

First, remove the wallch configuration files:

rm -r ~/.wallch/ ~/.config/wallch/

Then, remove Wallch from your system, then run the following commands in a terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wallch/wallch-daily
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install wallch

Your bug should be fixed. You will also get Wallch code updates within 24 hours, so you will be at the latest version, but you should expect some instability issues now and then.

More info: https://launchpad.net/~wallch


How can I make Java works in browser on Ubuntu (64bit) in 2017?

| Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 64-bit |

First, I have updated Java to have the latest version.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

Then I download and unpack archive with 64-bit ESR Firefox (older version - v.45) from here
Then I close my 'standard' previously installed Firefox and run 'firefox' file from the extracted folder of the version 45 archive.

And after that I open my site and successfully run Java application from it.


How can I get past login and password request?

You enter your user name to the login: prompt and press Enter.

Then it will ask for your Password: and you enter that password. Confirm with Enter again.
Note that the password input is silent, that means no characters (not even *) will be displayed while you type.

Now you have a console login. It's simply a terminal, no GUI.
As that's probably not what you want, you now have the chance to investigate the cause of your problem why the GUI login screen (lightdm) does not show up.

A good way to start would probably be to run sudo systemctl start graphical.target (command to load the full GUI including login screen for releases using systemd) and observe whether it outputs any error messages.


Ubuntu 13.04 does not boot after install - Single disk no Windows

Find an other pc with legacy bios
Install Ubuntu 13.04 on your hard drive
Than plugin your hard drive back to pc with efi bios.


libqtcore4: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) -- "trying to overwrite shared `/etc/xdg/Trolltech.conf`"

I've been having a problem with this for a couple months and this little line fixed everything. I wish I'd have read this sooner!

sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite  /var/cache/apt/archives/libqtcore4_4%3a4.8.7+dfsg-5ubuntu2_amd64.deb


I have an Epson V350 Perfection Scanner running on Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS. I could not get it to work with the latest drivers, but the following worked:

dpkg -i iscan-data_1.8.0-0_all.deb

dpkg -i iscan_2.26.2-1.ltdl7_i386.deb

dpkg -i iscan-plugin-gt-f700_2.1.0-3_i386.deb

These were files I downloaded and saved from a couple of years ago, where iscan is at version 2.26.2-1. The earliest version from avasys (http://avasys.jp/eng/linux_driver/download/) is 2.28 and this did not work for me. Version 2.29 does not install - it complains about missing dependencies libjpeg62 and libltdl3. When I tried to install these, I was told there was "no known source" for libltdl3. Version 2.29 is available from Epson here:
http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/du/02/DriverDownloadInfo.do?LG2=EN&CN2=&DSCMI=20233&DSCCHK=e8c8d6c7f9da68399277d5eddbf8121aecda09d5


No sound or sound card not detected in Dell Precision WorkStation T7400

In Ubuntu, there is a preferences dialog for audio settings. Search for audio settings in the Applications & Preference Menu.

Now you should see a window with some preferences. Try to select different sources and outputs.


Can only see icons that in the desktop. no global menu, no dash!

You can try typing on a terminal (pressing CTRL + ALT +  T):

unity --reset

This will reset your unity settings.


How to remove the Gtalk Plugin completely?

You can remove GTalk Plugin completely by:

sudo apt-get purge google-talkplugin

From man apt-get:

 purge
           purge is identical to remove except that packages are removed and purged (any
           configuration files are deleted too).

So this will remove everything regarding the package.


Installing freezes/doesn't boot on Asus N552VX

The linux kernel is having problems with the HQ6700 CPU: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=109081

Thread comments say wait for kernel 4.6, but some "get it to work" with 4.4 and some special boot arguments.


What is the use of /usr/include directory?

That folder includes the header files for C compilers. Such as "stdio.h", "stdlib.h" etc.

When you type header information in the C source file such #include <stdio.h> the compiler will look for the file in /usr/include directory by default.

big_endian.h and little_endina.h files are included, because though your computer may be of only one kind, you can cross-develop application for both architecture. So, you need both header file.

What is the meaning of the default directories in the Linux filesystem hierachy?
See this link about gcc's searching preference
Another page explaining the /usr/include directory (The original link was removed, this is the one that's cached by archive.org)


Check if in iwconfig Power Management is on.

If yes sudo iwconfig wlan0 power off and see if that helps.

To keep it upon restart do sudo touch /etc/pm/power.d/wireless


How can I play another mp3 file without having to close the current playing file in vlc?

You should set your VLC preferences to allow multiple instances to run. To open VLC preferences, open VLC and go to Tools -> Preferences and confirm that there is no check mark over "Use only one instance when started from file manager" and over ""Allow only one instance".

Now, start your file from the terminal as follows:

vlc --audio filename &

Note the & at the end of the command. Now you don't have to terminate your currently running file to start a new one.


No window borders after switching to Compiz in Lubuntu

You can install CompizConfig Settings Manager from Software Center and then:

Run CompizConfig Settings Manager

Type decoration in the Filter text box.

Activate Window Decoration by clicking on the check box.

You can click on the Window Decoration button for more configurations.


How Do I Make A Permanent, Systemwide Change to $PATH

You probably cannot remove /bin permanently from $PATH because too many scripts will reset it, but you can do some things:

Move /bin to /foo and then symlink /foo to /bin:

Run the following as root:

cd /; mv bin foo; ln -s foo bin

(This begs the question however, if you are so intent upon having contents of /bin in /foo, why not just symlink /bin to /foo?)

Then you can set your custom PATH in /etc/rc.local.  That will get sourced at boot regardless of whether anyone is logged in.  You will need to create the file if it doesn't exist.  Systemd should pick it up.  man systemd-rc-local-generator for more info.


Change login screen with gksudo -u gdm ... does not work

The method I used a couple days ago in 10.10 was:

Log out.
Press Ctrl+Alt+F2 and log in to the virtual console.
Run:

export DISPLAY=:0.0
sudo -u gdm gnome-appearance-properties

Press Ctrl+Alt+F7 or F8 to switch back to the login screen, where the Appearance Properties window should now be open.
Make your changes and then close the Appearance Properties window.
Press Ctrl+Alt+F2 to switch back to the virtual console and then type exit to sign out.
Press Ctrl+Alt+F7 or F8 to get back to the login screen, where you can log in as usual.


Transferring stuff from one computer to another

If the laptops are in the same network, you can use rsync to copy files via ssh.

From the new laptop you can run something like this if the username is the same on both computers.

rsync -av -e ssh user@old_laptop:/home/user /home

replace user with the actual username
replace old_laptop with the old laptops hostname (run hostname on your old laptop to see the hostname).

This will copy the whole user's home directory to your new laptop.
If you issue the same command again, it will only copy changes.

  Note: This command will not copy and global settings made outside your home, e.g. in /etc. Also some programs might write to /var. You can of course change the command to include/use these directories. You will then need to run using sudo.

If you have different user name, use this:

rsync -av -e ssh old_user@old_laptop:/home/old_user/ /home/new_user

This will copy the contents of the user directory to your new laptop (note the trailing / behind old_user).

Add --delete to remove files on your new computer that are not on your old computer.
Add -z to use compression if your network speed is slow, e.g. if you copy via internet.

Your old laptop needs openssh-server installed.


If your configure output looks similar tho this, the C++ compiler is missing:

[ ... ]
*** C++ compiler and preprocessor
checking for g++... no
checking for c++... no
checking for gpp... no
checking for aCC... no
checking for CC... no
checking for cxx... no
checking for cc++... no
checking for cl.exe... no
checking for FCC... no
checking for KCC... no
checking for RCC... no
checking for xlC_r... no
checking for xlC... no
checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... no
checking whether g++ accepts -g... no
checking dependency style of g++... none
checking how to run the C++ preprocessor... /lib/cpp
configure: error: in `/home/ubuntu/.local/share/Trash/files/openmpi-1.4.1':
configure: error: C++ preprocessor "/lib/cpp" fails sanity check
See `config.log' for more details.

To install the GNU C++ compiler, use
apt-get install g++

The configure output shows that ./configure tried to find a C++ compiler by checking for a lot of known compiler names, one by one.
At the start, we see that g++ is missing - the preferred one, checked first.
But it goes on trying to find some other compiler that you may prefer to use.


How to send e-mail with attachment from terminal?

Hmm, I am a bit rusty on this, so forgive me if it is not exactly right :-)

If you have an ubuntu host with properly configured sendmail then you can encode the file as base64 uuencode and pipe it to sendmail:

cat myfile.txt | uuencode --base64 myfile.txt | mailx -s "subject" praveen@home

If you have another type of mail client then you have to explore what possibilitie you have to run that at the command line.  The important point is the uuencode --base64 filename.ext, which ensures the file is encapsulated properly so it is understood as an attachment by the recipient.


The HP Compaq DX2300 Microtower PC doesn't support WiFi as far as I can tell. This is what it has:

Intel PRO/1000 PT Gigabit PCIe Adapter (full height)
Intel PRO/100 VE Network Connection
Agere 56K PCI Modem


There is an xrced file with path /usr/bin/xrced that is installed by the python-wxtools package, as the link in your question suggests. Uninstalling python-wxtools will remove xcred.

sudo apt-get remove python-wxtools


Boot Stuck at Starting and Stopping NVIDIA Persistence Daemon Infinite Loop

May seems stupid to most of you guys but all I had to do was mount -o remount,r


Try to put in /etc/rc.local

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

swapon /dev/sda6

Maybe this solve your problem


how to make bootable USB in Ubuntu 20.04

You can use dd command

  sudo dd status=progress if=name-of.iso of=/dev/sdb

if == input file
of == output file


Because the code in the SVN's development branch can often be broken, you have 2 options:

Check out an older revision of the SVN repo: svn checkout -r REVISION_NUMBER http://whatever/the/repo/is, where REVISION_NUMBER is the last-working revision.
Fix it yourself - if you know C, it could be trivial.
Update the checked-out copy again - maybe it's already fixed!


Sliding Desktop Wallpapers into Lubuntu 15.10

you can change the wallpaper with:

pcmanfm -w /home/user/path/to/picture.jpg

Here they made an script for gnome:
https://askubuntu.com/a/510135/287964

You can adapt it as:

#!/bin/bash

DIR="/home/indra/Pictures/wallpapers"
PIC=$(ls $DIR/* | shuf -n1)
pcmanfm -w $PIC

... and then set the cron job, or run a infinite 'while' loop with a 'sleep'.


For a bare minimum LXDE-based environment, you can install lxde-core without any recommended additional packages, instead of lubuntu-desktop

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends lxde-common lxde-core

This will give you the basic openbox window manager, plus the lxsession session manager and pcmanfm file manager. IIRC it does not install a display manager, so your server will continue to boot to a CLI and you will need to use startx to get the GUI environment.  You may need to create a minimal .xsession file in your home directory e.g.

echo 'lxsession -e LXDE -s LXDE' > $HOME/.xsession


How can I access to internet in other programs rather than browsers using a wired connection?

My suggestion would be to buy a router to connect to your internet that can be configured to connect with your username and password. That way, any computers behind the router will not have to authenticate to connect to the internet (except wireless passwords).


Xubuntu pentium 4 not enough CPU for development

You should upgrade your CPU or use a different, specialized distribution (like Lubuntu) for older hardware.
If you can't upgrade your hardware configuration, optimize your system by following those instructions:

Install prelink and preload to reduce the startup time of many applications (like the sub-processes used by some IDEs).
In a terminal (xterm or Terminal are fine) execute:  sudo apt-get install prelink preload
After the package installation, complete the configuration of prelink with:  sudo PREFERRED_TEXT_EDITOR /etc/default/prelink
Set the configuration variable PRELINKING to yes.
Remove any non-essential daemon, like NTP, and replace heavy daemons, like the SSH daemon, with light versions. Remember to disable unnecessary network darmons, they can slow down your systems, specially during a network attack, like a brute force attack.
Remove the search indexer, if present, with sudo apt-get purge apt-xapian-index; reboot.
Configure your graphic card correctly (are DRI features enabled?) with the official Ubuntu guide.
Follow the unofficial guide to speed-up Ubuntu.

You can also change your graphic enviroment to, for example, LXDE, which is less heavy.
I miss the old Pentium 4, but it's obsolete, sadly.
Please, comment under here if your have more questions and don't forget to press the left UP arrow and star if I'm of any help.

Good luck!


There was an error getting information about "/" while copying to desktop

currently a bug -

https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity/+bug/1241972

In the meantime just browse to the location of the .desktop(s) & copy and paste to your Desktop (typically /usr/share/applications


How do I copy CD to my Android cellphone using Lubuntu 18.10?

Here's what I did to get it working:

connect the phone using the provided USB cable.
verify it opens PCManfile and check it's listed via 'lsusb'.
sudo apt install sound-juicer
sudo apt install lubuntu-restricted-extras
reboot computer (steps 3-5 are #ubuntu ioria's instruction)
copy tracks from CD to computer with Sound Juicer, adding CD information to musicbrainz as needed.
search 'USB' in phone settings, tap to open settings page, change option from 'charge' to 'transfer files' to enable write permissions.
create a directory on your phone from within pcmanfile to store files (i chose the SD card)
copy-paste files between pcmanfile folders to copy tracks to your phone.
check to see if there's some 'safely remove' eject-external-drive feature on taskbar; disconnect cable from phone after all files have copied if not.
Navigate to the 'Files' app on phone by default. Navigate to the folder, change the listing setting to see filenames, and tap on file to play.
Consider installing better software to play files.


Sound coming through my speakers in ubuntu

Two things to check on your speakers:

Is there an on/off switch hiding somewhere on one of the speakers?
Is there a volume control wheel hiding somewhere in the middle of the speaker cable?

Search for Sound in the Dash, click the Sound icon to open the Sound window, and check to make sure that you selected your speakers as the output.


Is windows host using DHCP? It is not the MAC address filetring on router's side coming into action? Why not then use NAT settings on VM setup?


You may need to install Ubuntu restricted extras.

Also, I previously found this if you want any Calibri fonts


adobe flashplugin-installer keeps sending error message at startup (kde daemon on kubuntu 14.04)

I got exactly the same problem.

Everything is working well for you and all you want is only to remove this useless error message,isn't it?

The solution is here:

sudo rm /var/lib/update-notifier/user.d/data-downloads-failed-permanently
sudo rm /var/lib/update-notifier/user.d/data-downloads-failed

and you will get rid of it!

Simple et efficace!


I upgraded to Ubuntu 20.04 today. Now, after restarting it goes to GNU GRUB 2.02 and then I cannot go further. Please help

If you didn't use manual partitioning, so your boot is in UEFI mode.
Type reboot after grub>, press Enter, after restart press F12 (or something else, depends on your laptop or PC) go to your boot menu, set your boot option UEFI.
Ubuntu 20.04 use boot on UEFI mode not LEGACY. (if you use minimal installation from mini.iso image, you can boot it on LEGACY mode)


When ever you are loading or opening a YouTube video it will load flash player. If that player is having any issues then there is a probability for getting for the hang. Try removing the flash player and reinstall it once and check.


You have 2 files probably because you created 2 files.

You can have a swap partition(recommended) or a swap file, or a combination of swap partitions and swap files.

Here you can get some more info:

Swap Partition VS File For Performance
Ubuntu SwapFaq
Wikipedia Paging Article
All About Linux Swap Space


How to set Google Chrome as the default browser?

Assuming you are using Unity, click on the dash button in the launcher and search for 'System info'. Then, open 'System info' and move to 'Default applications' section. Then, click on the dropdown list next to Web. There, select 'Google Chrome' and it will be selected as the default web browser for your system.


The RandR protocol version 1.4 is used by default. Therefore you can only force the usage of RandR protocol version 1.2 and 1.1.

To start xrandr with the protocol version 1.4, do NOT use the --q12 or --q1 parameter.

Check your version with

$ xrandr --version
xrandr program version       1.4.1
Server reports RandR version 1.4


Hey in case if you are still looking for an answer, I found this great explanation here
sudo mkdir -p /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d && sudo tee <<'EOF' /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/90-touchpad.conf 1> /dev/null
 Section "InputClass"
         Identifier "touchpad"
         MatchIsTouchpad "on"
         Driver "libinput"
         Option "Tapping" "on"
 EndSection
   EOF


Separate icon sets for GTK+2 and GTK+3 applications on Kubuntu

I don't have KDE installed right now to test. As I remember with Kubuntu 15.04, KDE was creating two files to override GTK theme settings.

GTK2:

~/.gtkrc-2.0

GTK3:

~/.config/gtk-3.0/settings.ini

As they are two separate file you can change them differently. But you may need to change them to read-only so KDE config tool will not able to change them.

I could find a reference with example: Archlinux Wiki - GTK

  Basic theme configuration

  To manually change the GTK+ theme, icons, font and font size, add the
  following to the configuration files, for example:

  GTK+ 2:

~/.gtkrc-2.0

gtk-icon-theme-name = "Adwaita"
gtk-theme-name = "Adwaita"
gtk-font-name = "DejaVu Sans 11"

  GTK+ 3:

$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/gtk-3.0/settings.ini

[Settings]
gtk-icon-theme-name = Adwaita
gtk-theme-name = Adwaita
gtk-font-name = DejaVu Sans 11

  Note: The icon theme name is the name defined in the theme's index file, not the name of its directory.


How do I find out what Ubuntu distro was originally installed on a machine?

The answer may not be totally straightforward because after the system is installed you can mix-and-match different components, including the desktop environment, applications etc. Everything is installed from the common repository so with time it may be difficult to tell what "flavor" of Ubuntu it is.

For example, on my laptop I used to have Ubuntu with Unity, but with time I replaced Unity with KDE and removed most of the default applications. Would you still consider it Ubuntu or is it Kubuntu now?

So maybe a better question to ask is "what distro was originally installed on the machine?"

On 12.04 I think you can check that with

cat /etc/apt/sources.list|grep cdrom

At some point in 13.x series the format of files in /etc/apt has changed, so the above doesn't work anymore, but I think you can find some clues by doing

cat /var/log/installer/media-info

See this question for more details


Installing debian package through Synaptic

Well actually you can't install .deb files through Synaptic.


You can accomplish this using ansible's template feature. Basically, you take a copy of your .conf file, and you replace any values you need to dynamically define with jinja2 formatted variables. it may look like this:
scope: postgres
name: {{ desired_name }}

restapi:
    listen: {{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }}:8008
    connect_address: {{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }}:8008

etcd:
    host: 10.0.13.247:2379

bootstrap:
    dcs:
        ttl: 30
        loop_wait: 10
        retry_timeout: 10
        maximum_lag_on_failover: 1048576
        postgresql:
            use_pg_rewind: true

    initdb:
    - encoding: UTF8
    - data-checksums

    pg_hba:
    - host replication replicator 127.0.0.1/32 md5
    - host replication replicator 10.0.13.242/24 md5
    - host replication replicator 10.0.13.243/24 md5
    - host replication replicator 10.0.13.244/24 md5
    - host replication replicator 10.0.13.245/24 md5
    - host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5

    users:
        admin:
            password: admin
            options:
                - createrole
                - createdb

postgresql:
    listen: 10.0.13.243:5432
    connect_address: 10.0.13.243:5432
    data_dir: /data/patroni
    pgpass: /tmp/pgpass
    authentication:
        replication:
            username: replicator
            password: replicator_pass
        superuser:
            username: postgres
            password: postgres
    parameters:
        unix_socket_directories: '.'

tags:
    nofailover: false
    noloadbalance: false
    clonefrom: false
    nosync: false

Now,  the template module works very similarly to the copy module, as it just moves the conf file from the ansible server to the destination (you specify source and destination in the playbook). What is different is that, for each variable in there ansible fills in information. This can be from facts, this can be from a file, in the playbook, added as additional args to the command you run, or even prompted for during playbook execution.
In my example, the ip address would be retrieved from the target host and inserted into the conf file when transfered, and the desired_name variable would need specified, either with a prompt via the method linked above or the --extra-args flag on the ansible command you ultimately run.


/apps/metacity is only available in gconf-edit ...

I tried gconftool-2 -s /apps/metacity/general/num_workspaces --type int 5 on Unity 2D on 11.10 and I was able to set the number of workspaces to 5.


The game Natural Selection 2 has performance issues and refuses to load

I don't know if I got that right:

You are using Steam for Linux.
You bought Natural Selection 2 from the Steam store.
The game gets stuck at a certain point, not loading anymore levels/content/etc.

This is a bug in the game or some kind of copy protection (which we can rule out since you bought the game from the Steam store and you wouldn't get help here otherwise)
⇨ Contact the game manufacturer.

The game shows poor performance where the hardware is usually capable of delivering playable performance (e.g. the same game with the same quality settings runs fine on Windows).

This is a bug in the game programming or the driver.
Switching to another driver will not improve performance. Generally if there are up to date proprietary drivers available, then these should achieve a performance similar to the Windows drivers and have all the fixes for stable gameplay.
⇨ Contact the game or driver manufacturer.

… running flawed closed source program code on Linux instead of Windows doesn't magically make it better, but probably worse.


sudo apt-get remove tp-smapi-dkms

This is the module I think that you have installed.


CRON doesn't run tasks because "/bin/bash: /var/log/cron.log: Permission denied"

Looks like it can't create the log file.  Check the permissions of /var/log folder. It should be

ls -l /var/

drwxrwxr-x 18 root syslog   4096 Mar  6 14:30 log

If it doesn't look like the first starting with the drwxrwxr-x, change the permissions to the folder by typing in the following:

sudo chmod 775 /var/log

Run the cron job again.


Open terminal from nautilus by right click

Install nautilus-open-terminal. In a terminal type:

sudo apt-get install nautilus-open-terminal

Once it installs, type nautilus -q && nautilus & to quit and reopen nautilus, and check the right click option.


I believe the syntax you used is incorrect. You need to specify what type the parameter is, like so:

d-i pkgsel/include string build-essential git openssh-server

However, for SSH, you can use the task instead. For example:

tasksel tasksel/first multiselect ubuntu-desktop, openssh-server


I need to run xrandr -o normal at startup and keep getting Bad Interpretation error

bin/bash lacks a leading / and is thus a relative path. It refers to bash in the bin subdirectory of wherever you currently are. Usually this simply does not exist, as in this case. When it does exist, it may not be the correct file.

It appears you intend an absolute path. As steeldriver commented, writing the leading / in the path will solve this problem, ensuring that the bin component of the path always refers to the bin directory residing directly in /.

#!/bin/bash

You should not attempt to use a relative path in a shebang/hashbang (#!) line. In this case, it seems you didn't attempt to do so, but just ended up doing so by accident.

Sometimes people try to do this, writing things like #!python3 with the hope that PATH lookup will occur as it does when running a command in the shell. It does not occur. (#!/usr/bin/env python3 can be used in those cases because the env command searches PATH.)

Unlike with symbolic links whose targets are relative paths, where the target is resolved relative to the location where the symlink resides, a relative path in a #! line is resolved relative to whatever happens to be the current working directory when the script is run. This is the case even when the relative path contains multiple path components separated by a / (e.g., bin/bash). That location won't typically be the same each time a script is run and it is very often not the directory containing the script.

So while symlinks with relative paths are often useful, shebangs with relative paths are in practice always a mistake.


notify-send does not work with root on Ubuntu 14.04

You should send the notify message as the normal main user of your system, (ususally ID 1000):

#!/bin/bash
MAINUSER=$(cat /etc/passwd|grep 1000|sed "s/:.*$//g")
su $MAINUSER -c $"notify-send -i \"/opt/say/logo.png\" \"Title\" \"Message\""

(not sure, how to call it like this in your python script, but I hope it helps)


I think you should follow this steps.
howto-resolve-nosound-problem-on-ubuntu

i tried that's and it's Working.


TLS Downgrade error on Opera or Firefox but not on Chrome

For Opera.
Goto opera://flags/#tls13-variant and Set TLS 1.3 to Enable (Draft 23).


How to Perform operations on files or directories with dashes or hyphens?

As 'David Foerster' has pointed out hyphen(-) is not treated specially by shell. So as far as your example is concerned you can simply do:

mv 12F-XYZ.pdf 13F-XYX_ABX.pdf

But if you have a space or literal escape character (backslash) or any other that needs to be escaped, you can escape those with either the escape character i.e. \ or put the whole name inside quotes '' so that the content inside the quotes is treated literally.

Here is an example:

mv 12F-XYZ.pdf 50M -XYZ.pdf  ##Wrong
mv 12F-XYZ.pdf 50M\ -XYZ.pdf  ##Right
mv 12F-XYZ.pdf '50M -XYZ.pdf'  ##Right

A rule of thumb would be to escape it while in doubt.
This would be a very good read for you.

EDIT: As 'muru' pointed out you would have problem in case a leading hyphen. In that case you can use any one of the following:

mv -- foo.bar -foo.bar
mv foo.bar ./-foo.bar

The -- indicates the end of switch for the previous command (in this case mv). Also note that not all commands supports -- so you would be better using the second option (./-foo.bar).


hyperledger-sawtooth key generatiion problem

i just use these 2 commands
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt update

and it worked


Terminal not configured - not showing folder, no tab completion, etc

try running bash - from the command line you may be in a basic shell by default. If this fixes it you can run to fix it permanently.

chsh -s /bin/bash yourusername

then login again.


Can Ubuntu work with NTFS file system partitions? Could it read and write its contents?

Ubuntu is capable of reading and writing files stored on Windows formatted partitions. These partitions are normally formatted with NTFS, but are sometimes formatted with FAT32. You will also see FAT16 on other devices.

General Considerations

Ubuntu will show files and folders in NTFS/FAT32 filesystems which are hidden in Windows. Consequently, important hidden system files in the Windows C:\ partition will show up if this is mounted. Since it is all-too-easy to accidentally modify or delete files which are essential for Windows, it is advisable to mount your Windows C:\ partition as seldom as possible, preferably not at all, or read-only by configuring /etc/fstab (see below). If you have data which you want to access regularly from both Windows and Ubuntu, it is better to create a separate data partition for this, formatted NTFS.

Whether you write to your Windows C:\ partition or a shared NTFS data partition, be aware that if you are using Windows 7, and Windows 7 is in a hibernated state when you write to the NTFS partition from Ubuntu, you will lose all your changes. This is because when Windows 7 is hibernated it writes the system state to a file stored on disk and restores from that file when the system is re-awakened, thus restoring the whole fileystem to a state before any changes made from Ubuntu. In Windows 7 you must avoid using hibernation. With Windows 8, the situation is more complex in that, by default, it uses a hybrid hibernation/shutdown when you shut the system down. Any changes made by Ubuntu will be lost when you reboot into Ubuntu.

With both Windows 7 and Windows 8 (when installed to a legacy mbr partition table) there is usually a 100-200MB boot partition labelled "SYSTEM". Do not mount it - you do not need to. Similarly it is highly advisable to leave any recovery partitions unmounted.


If by "the sudo" you mean the root user, then yes, that's exactly the location to store it.


How do I make the headphone jack on my desktop mac work?

Try this command:

sudo sh -c "echo 'options snd-hda-intel model=mbp55' >> /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf"

from the Ubuntu Documentation


How to disable system sounds in Ubuntu 19.04?

This question has been answered here

  To disable alert sounds on Ubuntu 19.04 you could install dconf
  editor, either from terminal or from activities/software center. From
  terminal

  sudo apt install dconf-editor

  Next, launch dconf editor and navigate to
  org/gnome/desktop/sound/event-sounds and flip the switch to off
  alternatively, click on event-sounds and set custom value to False


Pictures folder disappeared in Ubuntu 19.04

mv .config/user-dirs.dirs .config/user-dirs.dirs.bak

then take a look in cat .config/user-dirs.locale that the right locale is set.

You can create a new .config/user-dirs.dirs with xdg-user-dirs-update


How I can update my octave-3.2.4 to octave-3.6.2?

Download Octave 3.6.2 From here.  Save it to your hard drive and install it.  For information on how to install .tar.gz take a look at this.


There isn't actually a package called libstdc++ (possibly you are trying to install libstdc++6?)

When apt doesn't find an exact match to a package name, it treats the given string as a regular expression. In this case the ++ causes it to try to install any package whose name matches libstd followed by one or more c - many of which conflict, as you can see.

Unfortunately I have never managed to figure out how to turn off this behaviour (nothing I have tried in the past using escape characters has seemed to work) - the only solution I know is to be careful to give an exact package name where any regex characters might be misinterpreted, and to make sure the package catalog is up-to-date i.e.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libstdc++6


How to solve “unmet dependencies while installing CUDA-9-0 on Ubuntu 18.04”

I have solved the problem by removing the nVidia driver and reinstalling it.
What I did is :

sudo apt purge nvidia*

and then re-installed it using:

sudo apt install nvidia-390

I am using ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa for nVidia drivers. The repo is added using:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update

I don't know what was the reason, but as you see removing and re-installing solved the problem.


Problem with NVIDIA G86 on Kubuntu 12.04

Well, finally I got things working again.
It seems as if the graphics card was broken.

I booted up a 12.04 ubuntu installation CD and got the same problem as with my updated system. So, I tested the monitor on another computer and it worked fine.

I have now tossed the G86 card and bought a new GeForce GT 520 and everything works fine.


You could use synclient TouchpadOff=1 in the terminal and use synclient TouchpadOff=0 to turn it back on.


How do I enable emoji button in vanilla GNOME keyboard?

It is hard-coded to show the emoji button only in wayland sessions. Hence the GDM Login Screen is not effected and emoji button is shown on the login screen.
When you choose wayland session, the emoji button is shown.

How to enable it on XORG?
Option 1.
Report/Request it to GNOME developers for future releases
Option 2.
creation of gnome-shell-extension by experts is required to remove the check whether the session is wayland? and do the same job for both the sessions.
Ubuntu on Wayland

GNOME (Vanilla gnome installed and checked)


Dual boot with windows 10 (upgrade from Win 8.1 OEM)

I just upgraded to Win 10 from Win 7, and the update manager did not bother on touching grub or other partitions. It just upgraded its own partition.

I used the Microsoft Media Creation Tool to upgrade. (I was impatient)


Execute Windows MBR repair on Ubuntu disk by mistake

I don't know much about boot stuff, but it sounds as if something has been overwritten. Try using testdisk. To do so, get a live CD or USB, boot into it, and in a terminal type:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install testdisk

and then run

sudo testdisk

and try this guide.


Audio (chtmax98090) still not working after fix

https://github.com/plbossart/UCM.git (open this in your browser)

Download / clone the folder, extract downloaded file to any folder of your choice, open a terminal in the extracted folder, (note your sound card might be byt-max98090 or any other but will display as chtmax98090 in alsamixer) the ucm folder contains over 15 different sound card configs), then enter these command lines :

sudo cp -r chtmax98090/ /usr/share/alsa/ucm/
sudo alsaucm -c chtmax98090 set _verb HiFi set _enadev Speakers
sudo alsaucm -c chtmax98090 set _verb HiFi set _enadev Headphone
sudo alsactl store

If your sound card is really chtmax98090 it will work for you.
If it's not just, do a liitle digging about your model and see its soundcard, else try with all the sound cards configs in the UCM folder.

If your find out your soundcard is byt-max98090 instead of chtmax98090, just edit the name in the code according to how its named in the folder, this will be what you will use incase your sound card is byt-max98090

sudo cp -r byt-max98090/ /usr/share/alsa/ucm/
sudo alsaucm -c byt-max98090 set _verb HiFi set _enadev Speakers
sudo alsaucm -c byt-max98090 set _verb HiFi set _enadev Headphone
sudo alsactl store


In the sed expression s:INFILE_PATH_NAME:"${filedir}"/"${filename}":g, there are five parts:

the sed command s,
the search pattern for that command (INFILE_PATH_NAME),
the replacement text (whatever "${filedir}"/"${filename}" - in this example, that's root://cmseos.fnal.gov//store/user/lpcstop/noreplica/13TeV/290117/Moriond17/qcd_orig//qcd_ht1000to1500-ext_10_ntuple_postproc.root),
options to the s command (here g),
and the delimiter that separates all these, which is : (colon) here.

Now, if the replacement text contains :, then sed will think that the replacement text ends there, and whatever follows are options to s. So instead of

replacement: root://cmseos.fnal.gov//store/user/lpcstop/noreplica/13TeV/290117/Moriond17/qcd_orig//qcd_ht1000to1500-ext_10_ntuple_postproc.root
option: g,

we get:

replacement: root
option: //cmseos.fnal.gov//store/user/lpcstop/noreplica/13TeV/290117/Moriond17/qcd_orig//qcd_ht1000to1500-ext_10_ntuple_postproc.root:g

which is invalid as far as sed is concerned.

Suggested solutions:

use a different delimiter, some character which won't appear in the replacement text, such as , (comma), ; (semicolon), etc. For example:

sed -e "s,INFILE_PATH_NAME,${filedir}/${filename},g" ...

Wherever you get your input from, escape : with a backslash so that it becomes \:.


Had the same issue with LibreOffice v5.4.1.2. I cleared

~/.config/libreoffice/4/cache/*,
~/.config/libreoffice/4/user/uno_packages/cache/*, and
the .lock file

and it works fine for now.


You can set up your computer to have both Windows and Ubuntu installed. Each will need their own space on the hard drive. Then you just select which operating system you want to run when you start the computer.

Have a look at this help document: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsDualBoot


This is a well-known bug in Unity (the desktop environment Ubuntu uses by default). A fix has been commited and should soon arrive on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS.


Invisible focused item using Ctrl+Arrow Key in Nautilus

I could fix that thanks to Bruno Santos.
You might to add a dashed line decoration for the Ambience Theme, to.

  /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/apps/nautilus.css

NautilusWindow * {
    -GtkPaned-handle-size: 1;
    outline-color: @selected_bg_color;
    outline-style: dashed;
    outline-width: 1px;
    outline-radius: 4px;
    outline-offset: -1px;
}

More about this Bug here.


Difference between archive manager and the command 'ar'

The Archive Manager processes files a bit so that you don't see it as is, but in a more human-friendly form.

For example, you see the contents of the tar archive in a tar.gz file, instead of seeing the tar archive itself, like you would if you opened it in 7zip in Windows.

I would have guessed it used libarchive but I am wrong.

It uses dpkg-deb to process Debian packages, a feature introduced in version 2.31.3:

  Use dpkg-deb to view and extract .deb files. (Josselin Mouette) (#576436)

This was done in response to a feature request.

Without dpkg-deb installed (e.g.: in Arch Linux), Archive Manager shows it the way ar shows it:


You probably need to upgrade to a newer version of GNU-EFI. The README file for efitools specifies that you need version 3.0q or later. Ubuntu 12.10 comes with GNU-EFI 3.0i, which is pathetically out-of-date. It looks like an update to 3.0s is in the works for 13.04. In the meantime, you can install GNU-EFI from source code, but then you'll need to tweak the efitools Makefile to refer to headers and libraries in /usr/local rather than in /usr.


USB 2.0 theorical maximum bandwidth is 480 Mbits/s where SATA III is 6 Gbits/s.

So like you PC seems old and low hardware I assume you have a first price USB 2 sitck, a USB 2 bus, and a basic HDD 7200 rpm wired in SATA III. So in your case yes it will be a lot faster.

USB 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2 have higher bandwidth but don't forget you need both the key/stick and the computer bus to be in the same version or higher because you will always have the bandwidth of the slower version.

Check USB and SATA speed on Wikipedia. Also you can check the answer of What downsides are there to running an OS off of a flash drive instead of a hard drive (USB 3.0 and 2.0) here.


I'm not sure if this is exactly your problem, but the Ubuntu 12.10 QQ has ISO versions to mac computers. You can see them here:

64-bit Mac (AMD64) desktop image - Ubuntu 12.10

Try it! ;)


Can you try out this:
create_ap

Follow the documentation provided by the github repository itself. Make sure you have installed all dependencies.

Installation

git clone https://github.com/oblique/create_ap
cd create_ap
make install

Usage

create_ap wlan0 eth0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase

Where wlan0 and eth0 refers to names of WiFi adapter and Ethernet controller of your PC used by OS. You can see those by using the command,

ip link show

And MyAccessPoint and MyPassPhrase refers to access point name and your password respectively.


To dual boot Ubuntu with Win7: Do I have to manually make root/home/swap partitions?

No need! Just select automatic during installation! This will automatically make Home and Root partitions! There is also no need for a swap partition as there is already a swapfile!


What to check before I allow upgrade from my system?

Here are some ideas:

Live system: I think the easiest way to check the stability of a new version of Ubuntu is to run it from a live CD or a USB stick. Personally, I would recommend creating a persistent Ubuntu system on a USB stick using Startup Disk Creator. Boot the system, install any drivers, and test any applications you rely on.
No PPAs: If you want a smooth upgrade, I would recommend against PPAs. If you have enabled some PPAs, uninstall its packages before upgrading your system.
Backups: Another safe precaution is to make a backup. Backups are always a good idea anyway.


First, addressing something in the comments above: To get the ones that were held back type sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

If sudo lightdm doesn't work after you've done the above (and rebooted!) try typing

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

EDIT: As per the below comments, if the above doesn't work, try:

sudo apt-get install aptitude
sudo aptitude reinstall ubuntu-desktop

If the second line gives an error saying the it's not installed do

sudo aptitude install ubuntu-desktop


How to increase battery capacity in ubuntu?

I am using two tools that helped me a) to figure out what sucks the energy and b)reduces the power consumption:
a) Powertop finds the resource hogs and displays a solution how to disable them permanently.
b) TLP (which I used on my Thinkpads, but works with other laptops as well) is controlling the power consumption. You need to edit the `/etc/tlp.conf' for your needs. Linrunner has an excellent webpage where the configuration is explained in detail


After suspend I cannot control the brghtness of the screen

I had the same issue with a Portege R935 in 12.04, and I'm dealing with it with this (not so elegant) workaround:

as root (not with sudo but actually changing user: su root), change the value in
sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

for example:

echo 2937 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

Warning: these brightness values aren't between 0 and 7 (as the ones in the other directory), but between 284 and 4539, or something like that.

Hope it helps.


You should set your country code and the script results would indicate you are in Poland

sudo iw reg set PL

Then we will change the crda file
gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

The last line of the file needs to be

REGDOMAIN=PL

Save file and exit gedit.  Then use Network Manager connection settings and set the IPv6 to ignore for your connection and in IPv4 settings add DNS of 8.8.8.8 and save.  Reboot and see if you can have any connectivity


Excuse my long long answer, it's just that I didn't find 1 successful answer or story of someone installing any linux OS onto a lenovo Miix 310 Tablet so I thought I should post it in detail here.

(This worked completely for me, but i have no idea how).

I had a similar problem with a Lenovo Miix 310, it's a hybrid pc/tablet with a UEFI type BIOS.

It wouldn't let me boot with a bootable USB and doesn't have a CD/DVD drive.

I tried partitioning the disk and installing Ubuntu on that disk from windows, but after much failed attempts it wouldn't let me in anyway resize the system partition, or extend the 1GB partition that I could delete and edit. I tried with every free disk partition software I could find. so I tried installing Lubuntu (smaller than 1GB) thinking it was small enough but I still couldn't install it from windows.

I couldn't use gparted because it had to be as bootable image with Windows and I didn't figure a way around that.

I then followed these instructions, the top answer tells you how to do it, ignore the 1st half of the answer as that is for BIOS, follow the UEFI part.
that linked answer DID NOT WORK BUT it did successfully install the "rEFInd" (not grub2) boot menu entry.

When I tried to boot from that it would automatically bypass back to Windows.
(I don't know if that step was necessary or not, but that's what I did).

CAUTION: THAT STEP MIGHT BE COMPLETELY IRREVERSIBLE and completely removes Windows.

What worked for me then was I opened up a different free partition manager
(not tenorshare this time) and I deleted the windows system partition altogether (as I have no interest in using Windows again or dualbooting)

Once I hit apply changes in the disk partition manager the screen turned black, after reboot it went to the rEFInd bootscreen and said there was nothing to boot or something like that.

Then I rebooted going into the UEFI BIOS settings (F2 or F12), I found the "Secure Boot" option and diabled it, then I went to "Exit saving changes".

On another computer I downloaded "etcher" for windows (cross platform software) and the gparted ISO image and I used etcher to made a bootable USB of gparted.

I rebooted my lenovo with my USB connected and it booted gparted, I used that to completely delete all partitons on my disk, I created a partition table in "GPT" format ("ms-dos" aka "MBR" would have probably worked but my hard disk had already been on GPT so I chose that).

Then I created a partition leaving 2GB left. I formatted the partition to "ext4" "primary". then I made the last 2GB into a partition formatted to "linux-swap".
I exited this and turned off the laptop.

I downloaded loads of versions of linux (various flavours of ubuntu, linuxmint and elementary OS).

With trial and error I went one by one through these different OSes. I used etcher to install them to my USB as bootable.

Ubuntu Unity, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, Kubuntu, Linuxmint Cinnamon, Linuxmint mate, LMDE had weird graphics that were hard to see and no wifi capabilities (which I needed considering no ethernet connection on laptop), some better than others.

Ubuntu GNOME, Ubuntu Budgie and Elementary OS booted up but went completely black after the startup logo.

Then by complete chance while using Ubuntu Budgie, after the screen went black for a few minutes I quickly pressed the power button and noticed the power indicator led turned off so I pressed it again and it came back on, then the screen flashed on and off (clearly with a desktop background, so I repeated this a few times until it stayed on) and that was that.

The wifi was working so I installed the OS, ticking the boxes to download content and install 3rd party stuff, etc. Then I downloaded software and did updates and rebooted.

It seemed to reboot fine, then the screen went black and unresponsive, but all I had to do was restart it. (power off and on quickly or just close the screen and open it again) and it went straight to login screen and works perfectly.

I have to do that everytime I boot it but it doesn't go black again after the first time until the next reboot.

Everything seems perfect, wifi, keyboard, touchscreen, internal speakers... I don't use bluetooth so I dont know about that.

The only issue (still pending!) is the headphones/external speaker does not work or even register being there.

Also, probably it being a tablet and all... every single OS had the screen sideways.

How I fixed this was by opening terminal and typing:

xrandr -o right

That fixed the rotation.

Then I went to settings>keyboard and made a keyboard shortcut onto 2 keys I never use, one being the command:

xrandr -o right

(Make the screen lanscape) and the other being:

xrandr -o normal

(Make it portrait).

Then I went to startup applications and added a start up command of

xrandr -o right

So that it would automatically orientate the display to lanscape upon booting up.


Ubuntu packages release and update dates

This information is managed by launchpad.net.

You could write a script to search for a package on that site, and parse the resulting web page, screen-scraping style, to get to the release date. E.g. if you are looking for the package logrotate, the page would be https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/logrotate and the release date is on the line starting with Xenial Xerus.

A more elegant solution is to use the API. This page describes all you can do with the API. I haven't used it myself, but it looks like it lets you query any object from the database.

EDIT

I played around with the API for a bit. The following piece of Python code gives the release date/time of the package logrotate for the xenial distribution series:

from launchpadlib.launchpad import Launchpad

launchpad = Launchpad.login_with('hello-world', 'production')
ubuntu = launchpad.distributions["ubuntu"]
archive = ubuntu.main_archive
series = ubuntu.current_series
print archive.getPublishedSources(exact_match=True, source_name="logrotate",
       distro_series=ubuntu.getSeries(name_or_version="xenial"))[0].date_published

In order for this to work, you need to have the package python-launchpadlib installed. You also need to have a Ubuntu One-account with which you log into Launchpad. On the first run, the program will open a browser to let you give the program permission to access Launchpad.


Windows 8.1 repeatedly corrupts GRUB UEFI boot manager

This was solved by moving the backup Windows version of bootmgfw.efi, which is chainloaded by GRUB, to outside of the Microsoft/Boot subdirectory of the EFI partition.  I installed it under amoe/stock_windows_bootloader.efi and configured GRUB accordingly.  This seems to prevent the corruption, for reasons I don't really understand.

For anyone debugging this, I suggest also disabling Fast Startup feature in Windows, which apparently has the potential to corrupt the EFI partition.

Many thanks to Rod Smith for his numerous helpful UEFI-related answers.


Syncthing can do this easily between two machines. If you have SSH access, you can use port forwarding to connect the syncthing instances.


Sandisk Cruzer Blade not detected and can't be formatted

I have had some serious problems with my flash drives as well,

I ended up utilizing:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=4096 status=progress

where X is your drive. This is for block size issues encountered on usb after a corrupt ubuntu disk creator attempt.

Then used the fdisk to get it cleared.

sudo fdisk /dev/sdX

Finally I used

mkfs.vfat /dev/sdX

I'm sure not all of this was necessary but it worked for me.


I was able to solve this issue from the VMware side without the use of routers/bridges. I basically had to attach the internal NIC of each pfSense, to NIC2 from each host, to create one joined broadcast domain that spanned the 2 hosts.


Why doesn't changing a variable in a script alter it outside the script?

Your shell process has a copy of the parent's environment and no access the parent process's environment whatsoever. When your shell process terminates any changes you've made to its environment are lost. Sourcing a script file is the most commonly used method for configuring a shell environment, you may just want to bite the bullet and maintain one for each of the two flavors of shell.

Found this answer here


How to install cocos2dx on Ubuntu 13.04?

there are tutorials already made for it.

check this one:

Installation of cocos 2dx


Moodle has been designed with a fixed location, whether it uses the IP Address or the Server Name provided by the DNS Server. Without it Moodle will not be accessible. Moreover, the latest version of moodle (version 3.x and above) requires that access must use SSL / https.
I think this is related to the expected level of security.
Therefore, at least you need to make sure you can get a fixed URL, and install it in config.php.


For a search with that exact string 1000010000000 at the beginning of the line, a

grep "^1000010000000"

is ok.

More flexible is a pattern like this (as example):

grep -P "^1[0]{4,4}1[0]{7,7}" <your_file>

Explanation:

^1[0]{4,4}1[0]{7,7}

^ assert position at start of the string
1 matches the character 1 literally
[0]{4,4} match a single character present in the list below

Quantifier: {4,4} Exactly 4 times
0 the literal character 0

1 matches the character 1 literally
[0]{7,7} match a single character present in the list below

Quantifier: {7,7} Exactly 7 times
0 the literal character 0


Intel Wi-fi 6 AX200 adapter not found on Ubuntu 20.04

AX200 (rev1a)
I had the same issue.
I have dual-boot (win10, ubuntu) and I turned fast boot and secure boot in BIOS, but wi-fi still didn't work. Now I found that after command:
$ sudo dmesg | grep iwl
I saw an error: failed with error -110
And I found conversation, that I need turn off in Fast Boot in Windows too.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=205299
It helped me. It was a lot of time..


efibootmanager -o changes are lost on reboot

This problem is often caused by a flaky EFI implementation, although sometimes it could be argued that it's an efibootmgr bug. Possible solutions include:

Upgrade your firmware -- Check with the manufacturer to see if a firmware upgrade is available, and if so, apply it and try again. Note that the upgrade might wipe out the NVRAM pointer to GRUB (or whatever you're using to boot Ubuntu), so you should be prepared with an emergency boot plan (Boot Repair or rEFInd on a removable disk, for instance).
Use another tool -- Sometimes another tool, such as a boot-order option in the computer's built-in setup utility, the bcfg command in an EFI shell, the bcdedit tool in Windows, or the third-party EasyUEFI tool in Windows, will get the job done when efibootmgr in Linux won't.
Return the computer for one that works -- If you get this far and are still having problems, I recommend you return the computer for one that works. This is obviously only an option if the computer is new enough to be within the store's free-return period. If you go this route, be sure to write to the manufacturer to tell them why you've returned the computer; they won't be motivated to actually fix problems like this unless they feel some pain from returns and know why those returns occurred.
Hack the boot files -- As a last resort, you can move/rename boot files so that the Windows boot loader (EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi on the ESP) lives somewhere else and GRUB, Shim, rEFInd, or whatever you're using lives at that name instead, with any follow-on or configuration files it needs in the same directory. Boot Repair has an option to set this up semi-automatically on its Advanced area; and you can do it semi-automatically for rEFInd with the mvrefind command that comes with rEFInd, once rEFInd is installed.
Re-install in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode -- OK, I lied; the above wasn't quite the last resort, but it's the last semi-easy solution. It's also often possible to re-install all your OSes in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode, or at least to convert them to boot in this way. This task is likely to be very tedious, though, so it's not something I recommend unless you want to re-install for some other reason anyway.


How to have “File, Edit, View, …” on the top of the window

For example in Firefox and Thunderbird, pressing Alt reveals it.
You can force their appearance,

in Firefox: press Alt; View > Toolbars > Menu bar
in Thunderbird: Hamburger menu button > Customize > Menu bar

Libreoffice, Gimp, and Inkscape have them always on. (Basically those apps that have a lot of features in these menus.)
Some other apps don't seem to have it any more. (E.g. Nautilus, Gedit, Evince, Rhythmbox; those ones that had limited complexity in these menus in the first place.)
It seems in the new Gnome UI a lot of such menus had been migrated into the so-called "hamburger menu button"s, located usually around the top right side of windows. (Plus into a few other, always-present buttons nearby.)
I believe this was in the name of better compatibility with touchscreens and hybrid input computers where a laptop's screen is detachable from the body and can function as a tablet.

Your second screenshot seems to originate from the Unity desktop, which was default desktop for several earlier Ubuntu releases, but whose development — as far as I know — was unfortunately discontinued. In recent releases (like your 20.04) you get the Gnome desktop by default, where the things I above described apply.
If you want to explore alternative desktops, get yourself a USB drive, download iso images for Ubuntu MATE, Lubuntu, and Kubuntu, put them on the USB one at a time, and launch them in "Try out without installing" mode.


How can I scan all connected USB drives for a file?

The way I personally approach this would be for loop with find command, supplying the directories where drives are mounted

for DRIVE in "/media/username/Drive1" "/media/username/Drive2" "/mnt";
do
  find "$DRIVE" -type f -name "myFile.txt"
done

Simpler way would be just supply the directories without for loop

  find "/media/username/Drive1" "/media/username/Drive2" "/mnt" -type f -name "myFile.txt"


`apt-get` suggests I remove `xinit`, how do I deal with that?

As muru correctly suggested, ubuntu-desktop had somehow got uninstalled. It looks like somehow I had managed to replace X with wayland (maybe).

Installing ubuntu-desktop complained about broken packages xserver-xorg and xorg. Installing them, ubuntu-desktop was installed alright (and /usr/bin/X wad replaced). Apt still said some wayland packages are no longer needed, which I just autoremoved.


Cant install Ubuntu 12.04, select CD-ROM Boot type

it sounds like either the disk was not burned properly or the computer does not fully support booting from dvd in that way; you might try reburning or creating a usb based boot device.


'gnome-shell' process causing 100% Overall CPU utilization? What is going wrong?

I suffered the same problem (just using Gentoo/Linux as OS). Actually the gnome-shell-theme I used ("Transparent Atolm") seemed to create the problem. After rolling back to the default theme everything worked fine again.


Killing processes

Generally speaking for killing a process, there's no safer way to kill a process than with a regular kill (SIGTERM). In case it's an interactive process it usually allows you to stop it even safer by sending a SIGINT signal, usually sent by pressing Ctrl + C. This signal is being trapped by the process itself can listen to it - and usually stop gracefully. (thanks Eliah)

DPKG database

Regarding the package management is a sort of special case. The DPKG database that the APT commands use under water can always detect whether an operation hasn't finished. Every package has an actual state which is marked in as well as a current state, e.g. unpacked, configured, etc. By killing the APT frontend, the database will be in a broken, but in known state. The lock files will only be released once it's all back in a clean state - you should get this fixed until it allows new operations.

The way to fix is just firing a process to get all packages in the configured state. Practically speaking, if you've interrupted an apt-get operation, you can just finish it later using

sudo dpkg --configure -a

It knows how to recover from the broken state to an all-configured state and in that sense just continue from where it was interrupted. The lock files are left there until you finished that, and that's for a reason - to prevent new operations with the DPKG database in an unclean state.

About SIGKILL (9)

Sending a SIGKILL (decimal representation 9) is very unsafe. This signal is not catched by the process, but the whole process will be cleaned up by the operating system (kernel) whether the process likes it or not. The state of the files on the file system can be left in a corrupt state. Never send these signals unless it's not listening to other more graceful signals anymore.


These instructions will not work if you edited /etc/profile, as those changes affect all users. This is why you should...

...be careful when messing with your user's path, and make sure to make a copy of mission-critical files you edit!

Reboot your machine.
At the login screen, where you would normally type your password, hold Control and Alt, then press F1.
At the login prompt, type root, and enter tooroot for the password.

if you get a message saying you are unable to be logged in as this user, login as yourself with your own password and try to run /usr/bin/sudo su (typed just like that) as your own user.
If this also fails, you will need to use a LiveCD or other external media to recover.

If you're logged in as root at this point, cd to your user's directory in /home. If you are the only user, your folder will be the only folder  in /home.

Note that if your user's home directory is encrypted, all of this becomes a lot harder.

Once the output of pwd shows you're sitting in your user's directory (and you've ensured that there's nothing important in any of the following files as they will be destroyed forever), type rm .profile .bash_profile .bashrc.
Type exactly cp /etc/skel/.profile ./.profile.
Type reboot, then wait for your machine to come up again. Try to log in; if it works: yay! if not, you should get a Live CD and mount your hard disk from the Live CD (or other Linux installation??) and delete the files from there.


Can I use debdelta to install/update single package?

debdelta works by downloading incremental changes between packages and patching the installed data. In theory you could:

Install the original version of a package (using apt-cache policy and the apt-get install package==version syntax)
Upgrade with debdelta

But that's a silly idea. The sum filesize of the original archive plus all the incremental updates will be far in excess of an updated package. Plus the CPU time required to install it is much higher.

If you have a locally centralised copy of packages (like an out-of-date mirror), I can start to appreciate why you might want to do this but again, if there's more than one client computer involved, updating that mirror seems like a better solution.

Purely from a syntax point of view, this is from man debdelta-upgrade:

debdelta-upgrade [OPTION]... [PACKAGE] ...

You can specify one or many packages if you want to limit the upgrade.


Installer don't detect any partition on drive

I was having this same issue and had to use the alternative .iso image and install that way. Once I did this though I had graphics issues. I would try this though.


I am trying to bind a variable at the start of url on Curl, it is throwing error

Try enclosing the variable with ${}

curl \
        -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
        -X POST \
         ${REPOSITORY_URL}/engine-rest

Unless your URL has restrcited curl requests, the command will do as you expect it to, otherwise curl will only scrape error texts.


How can an original live ISO be recreated from a live usb?

Use dd to create an iso :

sudo dd if=/dev/sdx of=/path/file.iso

Where /dev/sdx is you liveUSB.

See Convert bootable USB to ISO file


Default themes are gone, windows look ugly

Try reinstalling the light-themes package, This package includes both default Ubuntu themes (Ambiance and Radiance).

Hit Alt+Ctrl+T to open terminal and run following commands:

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge  light-themes
sudo apt-get install  light-themes

Then restart your system!


GNOME fallback session has both top and bottom panels also unity launcher running through them

Re-installing gnome-session-fallback worked for me:

sudo apt-get autoremove gnome-session-fallback && sudo apt-get install gnome-session fallback


Only my home wifi is grayed out in ubuntu 12.0.4

Delete the home network, then reinstall it manually, specifying the name, the security type and password.


Disk read error after installing Ubuntu on second HDD

SO, this looks fine, both drives have msdos-partition-table.
Put your Windows-drive in slot 1, as I understand you will then be able to boot directly to Windows without getting to Grub-menu, check that first please.

The Ubuntu-drive put in the other slot.

Now reinstall Ubuntu (make sure to boot the installer in legacy-mode) to the Ubuntu-drive. Choose Something else. You can use the existing partitions.

During partitioning please double-check the drive-letter of the Ubuntu-drive, it is either sda or sdb. You will need this drive-letter of the Ubuntu-drive when it is going to install Grub.

You will be prompted where to install Grub. Install Grub in the MBR of the Ubuntu-drive so your answer is either sda or sdb, you have checked the drive-letter in the step before. Do NOT install Grub to a partition (something like sda1 or sdb2), this will not be bootable.

When installation is finished and you reboot, enter BIOS-setup and change the boot-order to Ubuntu-drive in first place, so when you boot, you will boot to Grub. You will be able now to choose Windows or Ubuntu, both options will work.

You will be also able to boot to Windows directly as we didn't overwrite the Windows-boot-loader in the MBR of the Windows-drive, you just would need to change the boot-order in BIOS-setup (helpful when Grub fails for whatever reason)...

EDIT:

What a surprise!

Only hard drive bay 1 supports bootable hard drives.

I found this in HP-Support
-website for your laptop-model.
You can not boot from the drive in slot2. You can use the drive only as a data-storage.

If you want to dual-boot Ubuntu with Windows on your machine, you will have to install Ubuntu on the Windows-drive in slot1. You would need to resize your Windows-partition to make space for Ubuntu. Use windows-tools for resizeing Windows-partitions. Backup first.

You can install Ubuntu in logical partitions, you don't need to install Ubuntu in a primary partition. 40 GB for Ubuntu are comfortable, you can give more space, it's almost up to you.

You should be able to mount partitions on the second drive to Ubunutu and use them as data-storage for Ubuntu.
Also good to have a extra NTFS-partition where you can share data with Windows and Ubuntu, better than to mount the Windows-system-partition
to Ubuntu.


Server: Automount USB drive with systemd

I know this is an old enough question and problem probably already resolved, but mounts, as all other systemd units, should support dependencies

The common configuration items are configured in the generic [Unit] and [Install] sections.

So adding following [Install] section should be enough:
[Install]
After = systemd-cryptsetup-generator.service

(i'm not sure if systemd-cryptsetup-generator is a service, but if it's anything else, changing extension should be enough)


Solved! (the strange way)...

I installed teamviewer through command line and was then able to get to system settings


What's the best way to implement a script for tiling windows?

You can achieve this in Compiz, the default window manager.

First, launch CompizConfig Settings Manager  by pressing super+a or by clicking on the applications icon then typing 'compiz config' and selecting 'CompizConfig Settings Manager'. If it is not installed, the Software Centre will open so you can install it.

Then, click on 'Grid' in the window management section.

You can then configure the key bindings for putting the window to either side of the screen.

Click on the description of each key binding to change it.


what to do when mysql command tool does not allow to enter Cyrillic alphabet?

Since this problem interfered with my work, I had to find the way out myself.
I replaced the mysql with the mariadb

https://mariadb.com/resources/blog/how-migrate-mysql-mariadb-linux-five-steps

Everything works perfectly.


Nautilus windows are not focused when launched via hotkeys

It's a focus prevention issue.

Launch CompizConfig Settings Manager and got to General Options →  Focus tab. In the Focus Prevention Windows field, put : !(class=Nautilus)


Eventually I found the answer.  I'm surprised no one else answered this question.

It would appear to be a function of the newer kernels and is called Consistent Network Device Naming

The new naming scheme is:

Lan-On-Motherboard interfaces

  em<port number>_< virtual function instance / NPAR Index> (ethernet-on-motherboard <1,2 ..>)

PCI add-in interfaces

  p<slot number>p<port number>_<virtual function instance / NPAR Index>

Other Linux conventions, such as . and : suffixes remain unchanged and are still applicable


Package signing/verification passes on Ubuntu 16.04 but fails on Ubuntu 14.04

I found the answer to this myself in case anyone else runs into this issue.

Turns out, there was a bug in dpkg-sig that was patched later on (details on: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/dpkg-sig/+bug/1342938)

The issue is that there are two compression types that dpkg uses while building deb packages: gz and xz. The bug was that dpkg-sig only checked for data.tar.gz while verifying the signature and it failed/returned badsig on data.tar.xz. In my case, the xz compression method was used to build the package that i was testing on.

The bug has now been patched and the updated dpkg-sig deb package can be downloaded from: http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/dpkg-sig/dpkg-sig_0.13.1+nmu4_all.deb

This issue was occurring in Ubuntu 14.04 because when downloading from the apt-repository, we get the older, non patched version of dpkg-sig. So if anyone on Ubuntu 14.04 runs into this issue, they can simply download the updated deb package from the ftp url given above and it should solve their problem.

As an additional note, you can check the compression type by doing the following on terminal:

ar vx packagename.deb

You should get get either data.tar.gz or data.tar.xz alongwith some other files. This should help you in figuring out what the compression type is.

Another helpful Reference: https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2175836


How to remove the other DE's which get installed while installing GNOME and Cinnamon?

Found it!
To remove both the GNOME flashback sessions all I had to do was run

sudo apt-get remove gnome-session-flashback

followed by

sudo apt-get autoremove

from the terminal. To remove GNOME Classic and Cinnamon(Software Rendering) I used this guide

Here's how I did it:

From the terminal run:

cd /usr/share/xsessions

Next List all the sessions using

ls

All the DE's which show in the lightDM menu should be listed there. Now all you have to do is remove the ones you don't need using

sudo rm session-name.desktop

I wanted to remove GNOME classic and Cinnamon(Software Rendering) so I ran:

sudo rm gnome-classic.desktop

followed by:

sudo rm cinnamon2d.desktop

Proof:

P.S:The above workaround only removes the entry and DOES NOT UNINSTALL THE PACKAGES. And if you're wondering how I got the steam login, here's how.


Do I need to remove "Ubuntu" from the boot menu after removing dual boot?

Although you have deleted Ubuntu partitions like / , /boot , /home,  the ubuntu boot loader is still in the EFI partition.
If your PC is booting into grub command line then change your default bootloader to windows boot manager

Run using CMD

bootrec /fixmbr
bootsect /nt60

Now, your PC will boot into windows 10 by default. But ubuntu boot files are still in EFI partition. These files will not interfere with your windows 10 boot loader.
But I suggest you to remove them as Ubuntu is not present and they are auto installed on any new os installation.

This answer borrowed verbatim from here)

Run a cmd.exe process with administrator privileges
Run diskpart
Type: list disk then sel disk X where X is the drive your boot files reside on
Type list vol to see all partitions (volumes) on the disk (the EFI volume will be formatted in FAT, others will be NTFS)
Select the EFI volume by typing: sel vol Y where Y is the SYSTEM volume (this is almost always the EFI partition)
For convenience, assign a drive letter by typing: assign letter=Z: where Z is a free (unused) drive letter
Type exit to leave disk part
While still in the cmd prompt, type: Z: and hit enter, where Z was the drive letter you just created.
Type dir to list directories on this mounted EFI partition
If you are in the right place, you should see a directory called EFI
Type cd EFI and then dir to list the child directories inside EFI
Type rmdir /S ubuntu to delete the ubuntu boot directory


Folder from which to restore accidentally deleted files

Did you click on the desktop recycle bin?

Otherwise, each user can find the hidden folder here: ~/.local/share/Trash/


You need super user access to determine a users quota utilizing quota. you can determine is it's installed with the command which quota and if not and you DO have super user access you can install it with sudo apt install quota

If it is installed and you don't have super user (sudo) access you can check your group quota with quota -g which if no filesystems are setup with quotas will respond by returning the prompt. you can also issue the command edquota -g or edquota -u username` (where username is your username) which if no quota is setup should return:

No filesystems with quota detected.

For information on how quotas are setup see Using 'quota' for disk limits

If no quotas have been established df -h should provide everything you need to know with the Avail column providing available space.

In the case of a quota you can calculate your available space by subtracting your disk usage du from your quota.

Sources:

man quota


Color calibration not working in 10.04.4 with GNOME Color Manager

After trying many things I found out that there is a checkbox on the tab defaults which says "Apply Display Correction".

On one hand, I feel silly that I didn't notice this before; on the other hand, the system layout is, at the least, not intuitive.

Anyway, I'm happy that I can finally calibrate my displays again!


How to install files with .sh extension in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS?

You need to make it executable first, run

chmod +x filename.sh

Then

./filename.sh


Okay, so as Mr. DNA said, It was BIOS related.  Here is how I ended up fixing it:

I downloaded BIOS version 1.52  Make sure you are downloading that version.
Download it from http://support.lenovo.com/en_US/downloads/detail.page?&DocID=DS032118 it will be on the bottom of the page, so scroll down.

Burn the iso to a CD, a USB will not work, it has to be a CD.

After you burn it to the CD, reboot your computer, and boot into the CD.

Select option 2 when you get the menu. (I forget what it was called)

Once it is done, press enter, and wait until you get the menu again.  Once you get the menu again, remove the disk, and boot as normal.

Your Thinkpad should now work flawlessly.  Enjoy.


Install Ubuntu along Windows 8 with UEFI (can't get to installation screen)

In order to be able to avoid the white/black screen and get to the live cd I needed to do two things:

Disable UEFI (I couldn't just disable Secure Boot in my machine), so no Ubuntu in EFI mode for me.
Start the installer with two boot parameters: nolapic and nomodeset

In EFI mode I couldn't pass those parameters to the boot, so I was locked to the white/black screen. In the BIOS mode there is an easy way to pass the parameters, and so I could get to the installer and install. The problem is that now I need to choose the system by choosing either UEFI or BIOS, but at least I got both systems running.


Ubuntu Server with Raspberry Pi Motion Camera

So you have a server that straddles two networks (WAN and LAN) and you want to expose something from the LAN on the WAN, as part of other content the server hosts.

The easiest way is to tell your HTTP server to proxy the connection. Most servers can do this but I'd do it with Nginx over anything else because it's the best (fastest, smallest, etc, etc). You would use a rule like this:

location /webcam/ {
    proxy_pass http://internal_webcam_IP:8081/?action=stream;
}

For Apache, the same holds true... You just create a quick reverse proxy:

ProxyRequests off
ProxyPass /webcam http://internal_webcam_IP:8081/?action=stream

And then change the HTML image location to:

<img src="/webcam/" />

The networking side of this should be fairly simple but the image hosting on the webcam might not work in an image tag (some use MJPEG, some use javascript) so you might need to embed a page via an iframe, or write some new javascript to update the image (cleaner than the iframe but more work). If you do this, you might need to open up the proxy so it isn't just mirroring the /?action=stream URL.

That complicates things. We're talking about embedded hardware here: famously under-updated and —on the whole— infamously easy to hack. If you do need to open the proxy up to a wider selection of URLs you'll probably also want to add a load of explicit URLs to be blocked to stop external people gaining too much access to your internal network.

The other direction is to use PHP and CodeIgniter to proxy whatever you need.... However a general webdev rule of thumb is that if you can avoid it, don't tie up your server side language handling menial tasks. This is something you can offload to the webserver (or even the networking stack — which I'm not going into because it offers no security at all).


Input/output error when updating LibreOffice

Open terminal and run these commands

sudo apt-get clean

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

And try installing libreoffice-help-en-us again .


Drivers for gaming Nvidia and wine and what happened to wine tricks?

The ones at the nvidia website are probably newer, but I don't think you'd notice the difference, and from my experience, you should stick with the proprietary drivers in the repositories, as they are easier to install/update/remove and you're less likely to have any problems. The problem's you're describing are most likely related to Wine than with the GPU drivers. Do check the WineHQ entry and try it with PlayOnLinux.


Based on Ubuntu's comment, it is possible to use/run compiz by typing in terminal: compiz --replace


How shall I partition my hard drive for Ubuntu (with Windows in virtualbox)

Sometimes I look at this notice from time to time when installing Ubuntu on different PC devices, just to be sure in case I forgot something. :) I think this is plenty enough about partitioning.


Need run scripts as different users on same host to different hosts without password prompt

Have you considered installing kerberos and LDAP with single sign-on?  Once they have logged in on HostA their credentials are stored and they can login to HostB (HostC .etc) without a prompt.

Personally I like ssh using ssh-agent to store my credentials and then I can login all over the network without bother.  But that requires using .ssh/authorized_keys, which you stated you didn't want to do.  I use this to run scripts across the network (scripts which don't need root access).


Why doesn't my Wi-Fi adapter show up as wlan0 in 16.04?

As of recently, Ubuntu (well, systemd) now uses something called Predictable Network Interface Names. Essentially, this means that non-permanent network interfaces (ie, USB interfaces) now have a name in the form of enx<MAC_ADDR>or wlx<MAC_ACCR> (or similar), so that any scripts and systems depending on that specific device will have 100% confidence that it's targeting the right device.

Other naming conventions will allow for the device to be referred to by physical location or any other form of permanently identifying value. Specifically, any of these values can be used to generate an interface name (with the best being chosen):

  Names incorporating Firmware/BIOS provided index numbers for on-board
  devices (example: eno1)
  Names incorporating Firmware/BIOS provided PCI Express hotplug slot index numbers (example: ens1)
  Names incorporating physical/geographical location of the connector of the hardware (example: enp2s0)
  Names incorporating the interfaces's MAC address (example: enx78e7d1ea46da)
  Classic, unpredictable kernel-native ethX naming (example: eth0)

In the past, interface names weren't assigned in a "sane" fashion -- some systems used pseudo-permanent names (wlan1 for a device with this MAC), others assigned them on a first-come first-serve basis. If you still prefer this scheme of doing things (or just hate persistent names because systemd is doing it), it's possible to reverse it by adding net.ifnames=0 to your boot arguments.

You should still be able to fake the MAC address of the device by using the Connection Editor, but hw ether will no longer work as the MAC address is a piece of the device's identifier/name.


Installing driver for Netgear WNA1100 WiFi Adapter - Ubuntu Server 12.04

You may need both files there; htc_9271.fw and htc_7010.fw. Both are mentioned in:

    modinfo ath9k_htc

Please open at terminal and do:

    cd Desktop   <--or wherever the downloaded files are
    sudo cp htc_9271.fw /lib/firmware
    sudo cp htc_7010.fw /lib/firmware

Now unload and reload the driver:

    sudo modprobe -r ath9k_htc && sudo modprobe ath9k_htc


I'd comment, except all my rep is wrapped up in a bounty.  Do you have a NAS (network attached storage, e.g. external hard drive plugged into your router)?  Net Disk is a brand of those and it is somehow possible that your port 80 (http) is being routed to it for some reason.  Try going to an https site (e.g. https://news.google.com/) and see if you have the same issue.


How do I install a point release of Postgres 10, like Postgres 10.2?

Starting from version 10, PostgreSQL has changed its versioning scheme as explained in https://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning/

  Beginning with version 10, a major release is indicated by increasing
  the first part of the version, e.g. 10 to 11. Before version 10, a
  major release was indicated by increasing either the first or second
  part of the version number, e.g. 9.5 to 9.6.

This is why there is a postgresql-9.6 package, but no postgresql-10.2 package: it's postgresql-10. The versions 10.0 through 10.2 contain bugs that have been fixed in 10.3 so there is no compelling reason for APT repositories to keep them around.