Prepare Your System

Update your package manager first:

sudo apt-get update

Ensure Curl is installed:

sudo apt-get install curl

Install RVM

If you have an older version of Ruby installed on your computer, there’s no need to remove it. RVM will leave your “system Ruby” untouched and use your shell to intercept any calls to Ruby. Any older Ruby versions will remain on your system and the RVM version will take precedence.

The RVM website explains how to install RVM. Here’s the simplest way:

\curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby

Install Node.js

Since Rails 3.1, a JavaScript runtime has been needed for development on Ubuntu Linux. The JavaScript runtime is required to compile code for the Rails asset pipeline. For development on Ubuntu Linux it is best to install the Node.js server-side JavaScript environment.

sudo apt-get install nodejs

Check the Gem Manager

RubyGems is the gem manager in Ruby. Check the installed gem manager version:

gem -v

You may see: 2.3.1

Use this to upgrade the Ruby gem manager:

gem update --system

Ruby on Rails Installation

Many developers prefer to keep the global gemset sparse and install Rails into project-specific gemsets, so each project has the appropriate version of Rails.

If you install Rails at this point, you will install it into the global gemset.

Instead, make a gemset just for the current stable release:

rvm use ruby-2.3.1@rails5.0 --create

Now you can install the most recent stable release:

gem install rails
rails -v

And now you should have rails installed! I got these instructions from this RailsApps page. They go on to offer advice on setting up a Rails project directory and more.


Ubuntu 12.10 wont install from hard drive after reboot prompt

Yeah I know I didn't need to create a partition I just wanted to so I wouldn't have to ever worry about windows crapping out and not being able to boot.
I've checked and re-checked. All files seem to be ok. DL was from both Ubuntu (with their wubi option) and torrent just to make sure there wasn't an interruption anywhere.
Also, if there was a file issue wouldn't it have been picked up earlier? I mean, copying files is the last process in the installation after all.
Thanks to the both of you for your input none the less :)


PHP-FPM - Nginx - phpMyAdmin - 502 bad gateway

I found under step 7 that you have to change the reference of the fastcgi_pass to your unix socket (ex:  /tmp/php5-fpm.sock) instead of it listening to 127.0.0.1:9000

This has been a great learning experience, since I don't know the innards of Ubuntu/Unix


Building a package for another architecture

After poking around I found out that you can't do what you need to do despite multiarch goodness, at least not without installing tons of packages and/or creating a chrooted environment.

Luckily seems that buildbots and maintainers needs to do this, so there are a couple of tools that could serve this propose. I'm going to use pbuilder, for two reasons, it's available in Debian main repositories, ergo Ubuntu', and is automated creation of a clean ecosystem which can be updated/deleted/maintained at whim without touching your main system apart of it's flexibility. Maybe after a while I would write about the cross-toolchain.

So, start by installing the pbuilder and ubuntu-dev-tools packages and after that run pbuilder-dist trusty i386 create (you can also specify the target release using --distribution trusty, for example). Now, depending of your download and system speed this could take a while. After ending, you should be able to create any package using just the following:

pbuilder-dist trusty i386 libvorbis_1.3.2-1.4.dsc

You can change trusty for any other available version. It would generate a i386 version of your package.


Apache2 redirect mysite.com/owncloud to another internal server with the data

Disclaimer

I've attempted multiple solutions for OwnCloud, but cannot get passed the ProxyPass stage.  Apparently, there are a lot of people who want to use Apache as a Reverse Proxy, and are having issues with the .htaccess and config of OwnCloud.

I cannot for the life of me find a fix, as the vast majority of Reverse Proxy servers are NGINX.

What I'm posting here, is only enough to get the Apache server to Proxy the OwnCloud server.  There are errors and config problems, but anything after that point will have to be resolved in the OwnCloud configuration, or by asking someone who is more familiar with how OwnCloud works.

Sorry I can't provide any more information.  This is kind of my limit, as I'm not entirely sure how OwnCloud works, and issues surrounding its Reverse Proxying.

Steps

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y upgrade
sudo apt-get -y install apache2
sudo a2enmod proxy proxy_html proxy_http proxy_ajp deflate headers proxy_balancer proxy_connect rewrite
sudo nano /etc/apache2/conf-available/owncloud.conf

Paste:

Alias /owncloud "http://192.168.1.200:80/owncloud"
  ProxyPreserveHost On
  ProxyPass /owncloud http://192.168.20.200:80/owncloud/
  ProxyPassReverse /owncloud http://192.168.20.200:80/owncloud/

CTRL+X, Y, Enter
sudo a2enconf owncloud
sudo systemctl reload apache2

If you browse to http://192.168.20.100/owncloud you should now see your OwnCloud installation.

The rest of the configuration is now done in /var/www/owncloud/config/config.php

Reference Material

Config.php Parameters

Reverse Proxy Configuration


How do I change the purple dotted background in unity-greeter before the default background image?

This answer says it all.
This thread discussing the unity-greeter config file might help.
Earlier when I tried to change my desktop background, the image I'd had from 11.10 was obviously no longer an option. So I downloaded it to ~/Pictures and re-selected it as the background.  I think this fixed the greeter issue for me.


wifi problem ubuntu 18.0.4 in hp ay03tx laptop tried every possible solution

It same wifi card's chip with mine (RTL8723BE)..
first open your terminal and type :

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf

and then copy this code :

options rtl8723be ant_sel=1

and then press ctrl+x, choose 'Y' and then hit [enter]
now type again the command on your terminal :

sudo modprobe -rv rtl8723be

wait until finish and type again this code :

sudo modprobe -v rtl8723be

and try the wifi to connect to the Access point.

if it doesn't work, try again step by step but change this code:
from :

options rtl8723be ant_sel=1

to

options rtl8723be ant_sel=2

or

options rtl8723be ant_sel=0

it's work for me, I hope t will work for yout too,,,


I'm assuming you used the first option in the answer. To uninstall the 3.4 kernel and keep using the 3.2 kernel:

You will have to boot into the 3.2 kernel first, so you are not removing the kernel you are currently using. To do this, you will have to select the appropriate kernel on boot from the Grub menu. If you do not normally see the Grub menu, hold down Shift on boot, and it will appear. Using the arrow keys, scroll to "Advanced options for Ubuntu [version number]" and press Enter. Then scroll down to the latest version of the 3.2 kernel, which is 3.2.0-40 if you have that latest version installed. Make sure not to pick Recovery Mode.

Once you have booted, open up a terminal and remove all versions of the 3.4 kernel with:

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.4.0-* linux-headers-3.4.0-*

This will not require that you install any additional software such as Synaptic, it will simply remove the kernel. After rebooting, the kernel will be uninstalled.


You can copy from /usr/share/php5/php.ini-production.

sudo cp /usr/share/php5/php.ini-production /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini


what's the matter with my dual system load?

Boot into ubuntu.And press Ctrl+Alt+T to open terminal.Then run the below command in terminal to update your grub.

sudo update-grub

After that reboot your pc,now you will see Windows 8 partition on grub menu.


gnome-terminal will not load, sudo gnome-terminal will

I got this - it coincided with suddenly needing to enter a Keyring password on every login. I think that started after installing chrome-remote-desktop.

It also screwed my sound - no sound device:

The fix is here:
Installing Google Chrome Remote Desktop messed up my box

All I had to do was
sudo rm -rf ~/.config/chrome-remote-desktop
and reboot.

I got my sound back
and I could launch gnome-terminal again

chrome-remote-desktop was the culprit


Is seeing the whoopsie process running sufficient to conclude there are problems with one's OS?

No, that process is running on all the Ubuntu systems. Unless you remove or disable it yourself it is there by default.

It should be included in /etc/rc1.d/ where is it stopped and /etc/rc[2-5].d where it is started.


On Ubuntu 18.10 clicking of dock icon do not hide the window away. How to fix it?

if you are looking for auto hide of dock,
go to settings - > Dock - > Auto-hide the Dock.

turn it on.

for more settings, install Dash to Dock Gnome Shell Extension from Ubuntu Software. to configure Dash to Dock, you also need gnome-tweaks which is also available from Ubuntu Software.

if you want to minimize on click.. you can configure it in Dash to Dock settings..

Click Action --> Minimize


A new use for Lenovo onekey recovery key

I do not have an idea how to use this button with GRUB, but there are at least two approaches how to make it usable within Ubuntu. For example if you want to bind the reboot command to that button you could: (1) create acpi event or (2) create custom shortcut.

Create acpi event and bind the reboot command to it

First you need to use acpi_listen and catch the event when the button is pressed. Just execute the command acpi_listen and press the button:

$ acpi_listen
button/prog1 PROG1 00000080 00000000 K

In the above example button/prog1 PROG1 00000080 00000000 K is the event on my system when I press the discussed button.

Then you should crate a file that will handle this event. The file must be located in the directory /etc/acpi/events/. Call it for example reboot. The content of /etc/acpi/events/reboot should be similar as:

# /etc/acpi/events/reboot
# This will reboot the system
event=button/prog1 PROG1 00000080 00000000 K
action=systemctl reboot

Save the file and restart the acpi daemon:

sudo systemctl restart acpid.service

IMO this is the most simple method. This should work also when the user is not logged in. Here are few references where you can find additional information and examples:

How do I disable the touchpad when the lid is twisted or closed?
Ubuntu 17.10 laptop doesn't suspend on lid close
Battery drains down even after shut down

Create acpi event and bind a script to it

We can add an insurance in case you press the button accidentally. Here we will create a script that will use a tmp file as flag and counter as it is described here. Thus the system reboot will be performed when you press the button three times.

Modify /etc/acpi/events/reboot in this way:

# /etc/acpi/events/reboot
# This will reboot the system
event=button/prog1 PROG1 00000080 00000000 K
action=/etc/acpi/reboot.sh

Restart the acpi daemon:

sudo systemctl restart acpid.service

Create the script /etc/acpi/reboot.sh and put the following lines as its content:

#!/bin/bash
FLAG_FILE="/tmp/sysyem_reboot_flag"

# If the file exists and it is older than 30 seconds, then reset the counter
# Else If the file doesn't exist or its 'value' is less than 2, then increment
# Else (when the file exists, its value is equal or greater than 2, and its age is less than 30 seconds) reboot the system

if [ -f "${FLAG_FILE}" ] && [[ $(find "${FLAG_FILE}" -newermt '-30 sec') == '' ]]; then
    echo '1' > "$FLAG_FILE"
elif [ ! -f "${FLAG_FILE}" ] || (( $(cat "$FLAG_FILE") < 2 )); then
    touch "$FLAG_FILE"
    NEW_VALUE=$(( $(cat "$FLAG_FILE") + 1)) && echo "$NEW_VALUE" > "$FLAG_FILE"
else
    systemctl reboot
fi

Make it executable:

sudo chmod +x /etc/acpi/reboot.sh

Now the systemctl reboot command will be performed when you press the button three times, within 30 secconds.

Create custom shortcut and bind a script to it

Crate a script /usr/local/bin/my_rbt (it could be named and located whenever you want) and make it executable. Here is a single command line that does that:

$ echo -e '#!/bin/sh\nsudo systemctl reboot' | sudo tee /usr/local/bin/my_rbt && sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/my_rbt
#!/bin/sh
systemctl reboot

The problem is (within this approach) we must use sudo to execute the script and should allow the users to do that without password - here are provided more details about this step: How do I run specific sudo commands without a password? So we must crate a file located in /etc/sudoers.d/, called for example my_rbt. For this purposes we should use the command visudo -f:

sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/my_rbt

The content of the file should be:

ALL ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/local/bin/my_rbt

Go to System Settings → Keyboard → Shortcuts (tab) → Custom Shortcuts (section) → Add new +.

In the Custom shortcut window type:
Name: reboot
Command: sudo /usr/local/bin/my_rbt
Click on Apply

Click on Disabled in the right column and press the discussed button.

That's it.


/usr/bin/xterm

and

/usr/bin/gnome-terminal

I found this location by doing a search in the file-system for "term".  Double clicked it and it worked.


How to repair powerstate (intel_pstate) on Intel Haswell chips?

This sysfs output looks fine, you are looking in the wrong place, it's the graphics card.

  As you can see all scaling governors are renamed to powersave and I think that means my Haswell i5 4200U processor rus all the time at maximum frequency.

That would be the performance govenor, powersave stands for conserve power. The ondemand govenor is not available with pstates.


My keyboard doesn't have Super button.Can i do anything to fix this?

The super key and the Windows logo key are the same.


There is no setting to change.

cal and ncal share documentation. The -w option is available only for ncal

This is explained in the 'usage' error you receive when you try to use -w with cal.

If you wish, feel free to file a bug report against the 'bsdmainutils' package with recommended clarification to the documentation.


How do I change the DPI settings in terminal?

To change the Font DPI in the terminal (default is 1.0)

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 1.0

If you are talking about changing the screen DPI then you can follow the directions for:

How to find and change the screen DPI?


The problem was with my shell fish aka user friendly (not very friendly this time, isn't it?) shell. For some reason it seemed that sudo command each time went from different sessions.
Adding

Defaults !tty_tickets

in sudoers file (as described http://us.generation-nt.com/answer/bug-598567-sudo-requires-reauthentication-each-use-ignoring-time-stamp-help-200510161.html ) solved the problem. See the link above for the addition information.

Thank you all for your attention without it I could not figure the thing out.


How to resize a partition of a GPT throught Parted Command line tool. (Using SSH Rescue Env.)

Doing what you want might or might not be possible, depending on what is (and must be) currently mounted, and whether you can boot from some other medium to work around mount problems. Factors to consider here:

Always keep in mind the distinction between a partition (a simple data structure that defines the start and end point of a chunk of disk space, typically along with other things like a type code) and a filesystem (a more complex data structure that's held within a partition or another container, such as an LVM's logical volume). If you don't already fully understand this distinction, stop now and research it.
You can increase the size of a mounted ext2/3/4 filesystem, but AFAIK you cannot decrease the size of a mounted ext2/3/4 filesystem. The resize2fs utility does this job from the command line.
To resize a partition, you may have to delete the partition and create a new one in its place. The start and end points may need to be specified with sector-level precision, which parted does not provide by default. You need to set unit s to get this; or you can use gdisk, which provides sector-level precision by default. (Even gdisk, though, automatically aligns partitions to 2048-sector values by default, so you may need to adjust alignment with the d option on the experts' menu.)
Filesystem-resize operations typically leave the start point of the filesystem unchanged. Thus, if you need to move the start point of a partition, you must do so by using dd or some other tool to move the entire contents of the filesystem. Depending on the direction of the movement, this may need to be done before or after you delete the original partition, and the new one may need to be created before or after the move. If the move operation overlaps the original location, you must be very careful about how you do this, lest you destroy some partition data!
Be very careful about partition and filesystem end points. If you shrink a filesystem and then re-create a new partition that's just a little too small, you can end up trashing important data. I recommend shrinking the filesystem smaller than you intend, creating a new partition, and then using resize2fs to grow the filesystem to the size of the new surrounding partition. This procedure minimizes the chances of getting a size mis-match.
Remember that you may need to reboot after you change the partition table to get the kernel to use the new table.

Because of these issues, attempting to do what you want without the help of GParted or some other tool designed to coordinate partition and filesystem changes can be extremely risky. It can be done, but one slip-up in specifying a sector value can leave you with a disk that's totally worthless. The fact that you're asking for help about this makes me wary about suggesting you even make the attempt; the risk of trashing a production system is just too great for somebody who's never before done this sort of thing. If you have no other option, I strongly recommend you re-create your server locally and practice on the copy before you try it on your remote server.

You might want to consider some alternatives:

Use GParted -- If you can boot from an external medium, you can use GParted. You say this is a remote server. Many such systems provide a BMC that enables you to attach virtual USB drives and see a virtual console via a Java applet. Using this feature will be extremely slow, but should enable you to run GParted and make your changes much more easily and safely.
Create additional partitions -- You may be able to shrink one partition and then, rather than move and grow the other, create a new partition. You'd then move data from a subdirectory to the new partition and mount it in place of that subdirectory. This approach basically splits the difference; you must still shrink one partition, but you avoid the need to do the more dangerous and difficult move operation.
Use symlinks -- You may be able to accomplish your goals by splitting off some files from your too-full partition to the less-full one and then using symbolic links to make them accessible on their desired paths. This is likely to be the safest approach.
Reinstall -- If you have adequate backup, you could back up the system, re-install with a better setup, and restore your original data.
Do it on-site -- If you have physical access to your servers, or if you've got on-site help, you (or your help) can do it in person much as you would with a desktop system, using an Ubuntu installation USB flash drive. Depending on how important this is and where the server is relative to you, it might even be worth a trip to do the job.
Add a disk -- You might consider adding a disk, if that's an option, and moving some of your data to it.

In the future, you might want to consider using Logical Volume Management (LVM), which makes these sorts of manipulations much simpler and safer. LVM has a significant learning curve, but once you've got the basics down, it helps a lot because you need not worry about moving partitions; filesystems are stored like files in a filesystem, so once you shrink one, you can expand another into the free space without changing the start point. LVM also helps you add space in the form of new disks.


Can Searchmonkey find a term inside textfiles?

Yes, searchmonkey can search inside the selected file and the advanced settings and options contain ways of refining the search so that case is matched, ignored, or wildcards can even be specified. You can also construct your own regular expression to use if you have a particularly complicated search request.

You can save the search criteria and results to a file, but with searchmonkey you can't modify the file that you are searching within, and you have to open it with your text-editor as the documentation notes.

Regexxer, however, has options to search for files, and also to search and replace the search terms from a selected document or a whole series of documents. It is a more complete substitute for command-line tools like grep, sed, etc, but you could certainly use both searchmonkey and regexxer for your various purposes.

Another bonus is that regexxer integrates into Thunar very nicely, unlike searchmonkey; all you need to use in the custom actions is to add regexxer %F, and right clicking on the folder will open regexxer in that particular folder.

See my answer here for more details on regexxer and its various functions:

Looking for a grep GUI

The screenshot shows the search within a text file with searchmonkey:


Someone knows why I can not install steam on Ubuntu 16.04?

The solution would be not using Steam because Steam happens to be non-free software. But you probably don't care about that.

It's just a warning, not an error message. You can just go ahead and hit the "install" button.

Alternatively, execute

sudo dpkg -i steam.deb

Where steam.deb is the package you downloaded. For example:

sudo dpkg -i ~/Downloads/steam.deb


Remove ghost entries from LXDE start menu

Searching for fitting .desktop files and removing them may help.

In that case removal of /usr/local/share/applications/Atom.desktop fixed problem.

Solution found on http://forum.lxde.org/viewtopic.php?p=48112&sid=51e194b86f5901892036da51a76a55db#p48112


Do I need separate graphics card to run Ubuntu Server 14.04?

No, a GPU is not necessary for Ubuntu to run on the system. However, if you don't have a serial console or some other management interface with which to visually see what you are doing on the system, you may find it difficult to work through the installation process.


You've a speaker icon on the screen probably near the clock. That location is dependent on the desktop you use.
Click on that icon and a popup will show with sliders in it. Check the setting of the sliders. If they're all up then there's something wrong with your audio settings and then we'll have to look at those.


Sometimes, in machines that I connect through VNC mouse keys get mysteriously enabled. Maybe this is your problem.

Click on the System Menu -> Preferences -> Keyboard. In the Mouse Keys tab check that Pointer can be controlled using the keypad is disabled.


Why was the apache2 service masked after upgrading to Ubuntu 18.04?

Between versions 16.04 and 18.04, apache2 differs. 16.04 has Apache 2.4.18-2 whereas 18.04 has Apache 2.4.29-1. After running do-release-upgrade, Apache will have been upgraded.

Potentially, between 2.4.18-2 and 2.4.29-1 a change could have been made to the configuration file syntax which would cause Apache to fail is unexpected ways, or be configured unsafely. Unfortunately, do-release-upgrade doesn't know wether or not this is the case, so it is forced to mask it either way.

For your own safety, the service is masked until you manually re-enable it. The idea is that you verify that your configuration files are still correct, and then you can unmask it.


It's also possbilble that Banshee fetched the data from it's database (like most music players do), because there once was a file with the same name at this location and the database wasn't updated.

Please consider using more up to date media formats that don't make it overly complicated to name tracks. I generally prefer OGG with Vorbis (and Sansa Clips seem to support this format), but MP4 with AAC is considered to be the standard in compatibility these days for all devices that don't run open source software.


will "Install ubuntu on a hard disk" also install all changes in persistent partition?

No, it will not. It will be a vanilla install.

Although you can still accomplish what you are after: Install persistent version of USB onto a hard drive


How to install openrc init system in ubuntu?

It seem that the question holds the answer itself. As @muru pointed, openrc does not replace /sbin/init, but works in pair with the init system already running.

So the correct answer for ubuntu 14.10 and higher, is just sudo apt-get install openrc, reboot and see your system running a zoo of multiple init systems.

PS: After installation, boot time increased in about two times, and after removal, it just have removed half of the packages as well.


You will have to boot your Lubuntu DVD. Check your booting preferences. I have installed Lubuntu like this way only and it works fine. Or there can be some problem while booting. Did you directly burn your DVD from the ISO file or extracted it and then burned it contents?

If yes then you have to burn the disc from the ISO file because that ISO file contains the instructions for booting which will be absent if you extract first and then boot.


mesa vulkan dinner not updating ubuntu 20.04

This morning in boot up software update showed a fix for my software update app. It downloaded and installed. Mesa VULKAN driver is no longer required. Problem solved


Windows 7 freezes on 'Starting Windows' screen after installing Ubuntu 12.04

First, try running Boot-Repair(info) and see if this helps. To run this:

Boot from a Ubuntu live CD or USB

Type these lines in the terminal one line at a time.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install boot-repair

Search for Boot-Repair in the Dash and launch it.
To fix your computer with Boot-repair, simply click the "Recommended Repair" button. If it worked, you are done.

If Boot Repair didn't work, run a repair with a Windows Recovery CD (ask for one from your PC manufacturer).

Boot from a recovery CD. You should see this.

Open the Command Prompt and type bootrec /fixmbr.

3.Close the Window and choose "Startup Repair" this time. Wait until the process is completed.

If Windows is successfully repaired, you are done. If it is not, you will have to reinstall Windows with a Windows Installation CD.


Unable to input from keyboard after altering xkb

You are lucky that you obviously know what broke your keyboard setting. To repair:

log in to that machines with an administrator account via an SSH session (only if you run an SSH server) to then start an editor as root to undo erroneous settings.

or

repair the erroneous file from booting a live session with an Ubuntu installation USB/CD (choose "Try out Ubuntu") where you can mount your local drive for editing.


If it was a enumeration, you could

gsettings range ...

Reference: man gsettings

From: /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.cinnamon.desktop.screensaver.gschema.xml, it declared a string (type="s"). Means it does not have a range.

<key type="s" name="xscreensaver-hack">
  <default>"fiberlamp"</default>
  <summary>The screensaver hack to use when xscreensaver is used as screensaver</summary>
</key>

Anyway, It is an xscreenshot related option, you can see available hacks using:

dpkg -L xscreensaver-data or more precisely ls /usr/share/xscreensaver/config/ | xargs basename -s .xml

abstractile
binaryring
cwaves
deco
distort
fiberlamp
fuzzyflakes
galaxy
hexadrop
m6502
metaballs
penrose
popsquares
ripples
shadebobs
slidescreen
swirl
tessellimage
xlyap


Here is a toggle script, a description how to set up, two desktop files and their corresponding icons. Although the answer is a bit extensive, it is straightforward to setup.

How it works

If you click on the icon in the launcher, the script looks up if the VPN connection is up or down. In either case, it switches to the other option and the icon in the launcher will be replaced accordingly. After 10 seconds, the script checks if connection was actually established. If not, it changes the icon back to the correct one. You can change this "time out" set in the headsection of the script (wait = 10). (do not touch the other definitions, unless you know what you do)

A few remarks:

First and most important of all: running a script that asks for administrator's permissions, from a local directory, is a potential security risk by definition. You will not check the code of your script everytime you run it, and if someone with malicious intentions would be able to change the code, anything could happen. I would suggest to run the script from a secure location if you have (or should have) any doubts on who is doing what on your computer.
To make it more smooth qua interface, I used gksu in the commands you provided, instead of sudo. gksu is not installed by default, you will have to install it.
The script looks into what the shell returns on the command "route". As an identifier, I used <OpenVPNserver>, since that was the simpelest and most obvious string to look for. If the setup would be used for other types of connections, it will not be sufficient.
To replace the icons in the launcher, according to the state of the connection, the script reads the current launcher's content. If you use 13.10 or 14.04, it should be fine, but the outcome of the gsettings -"call" looks a bit different on older Ubuntu versions, and will not work properly.
Before the scrip changes the launcher, a backup (script) of the current launcher is created as /.restore_currentlauncher.sh. Although in the years I used it, I never needed it, it is good to have.

How to use:

The icons:

Right-click on the icons below and save them as toggle_officon.png (the white one) and toggle_onicon.png (the green one).

The script:  Copy the (all) text below, paste it into an empty file and safe it as toggle_vpn.py

#!/usr/bin/python3

import subprocess
import getpass
import time

# time to wait, to check if connection was established (set correct icon)
wait = 10
# identifying difference on route command
running_id = "<OpenVPNserver>"
# location of the launcher restore script
backup_copy = "/home/"+getpass.getuser()+"/.restore_currentlauncher.sh"
# name of the desktop file if connection is down
mention_ifdown = 'application://VPN_off.desktop'
# name of the desktop file if connection is down
mention_ifup = 'application://VPN_on.desktop'

def check_ifrunning():
    # check if connection is up or down
    get_routeinfo = subprocess.Popen(["route"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    output = (get_routeinfo.communicate()[0].decode("utf-8"))
    if running_id in output:
        return "running"
    else:
        return "not_running"

def read_currentlauncher():
    # read the current launcher contents
    get_launcheritems = subprocess.Popen([
        "gsettings",
        "get",
        "com.canonical.Unity.Launcher",
        "favorites"
        ], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    return eval((get_launcheritems.communicate()[0].decode("utf-8")))

def set_current_launcher(current_launcher):
    # before editing the launcher, create restore script
    backup_data = read_currentlauncher()
    with open(backup_copy, "wt") as create_backup:
        create_backup.write(
            "#!/bin/sh\n\n"\
            "gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites "+\
            '"'+str(backup_data)+'"'
            )
    # preparing subprocess command string
    current_launcher = str(current_launcher).replace(", ", ",")
    subprocess.Popen([
        "gsettings",
        "set",
        "com.canonical.Unity.Launcher",
        "favorites",
        current_launcher,
        ])

def set_icon(change_mode):
    # defines the appropriate icon in the launcher
    state = check_ifrunning()
    if state == "running":
        if change_mode == "set_current":
            iconset = [mention_ifup, mention_ifdown]
        else:
            iconset = [mention_ifdown, mention_ifup]
    elif state == "not_running":
        if change_mode == "set_current":
            iconset = [mention_ifdown, mention_ifup]
        else:
            iconset = [mention_ifup, mention_ifdown]
    # set the defined icon
    current_launcher = read_currentlauncher()
    if iconset[0] in current_launcher:
        pass
    else:
        index = current_launcher.index(iconset[1])
        current_launcher.pop(index)
        set_current_launcher(current_launcher)
        time.sleep(1)
        current_launcher.insert(index, iconset[0])
        set_current_launcher(current_launcher)

def toggle_connection():
    set_icon("set_alter")
    runcheck = check_ifrunning()
    if runcheck == "not_running":
        subprocess.call(["gksu", "/etc/init.d/openvpn", "start"])
    else:
        subprocess.call(["gksu", "/etc/init.d/openvpn", "stop"])
    time.sleep(wait)
    set_icon("set_current")

toggle_connection()

The Desktop files

The VPN_off desktopfile: copy the text below, enter appropriate paths to both the icon and the script, save it as VPN_off.desktop in ~/.local/share/applications

[Desktop Entry]
Name=VPN_off
Exec=python3 /path_to_script/toggle_vpn.py
Icon=/path_to_icon/toggle_officon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
NoDisplay=true

The VPN_on desktopfile: copy the text below, enter appropriate paths to both the icon and the script, save it as VPN_on.desktop in ~/.local/share/applications

[Desktop Entry]
Name=VPN_on
Exec=python3 /path_to_script/toggle_vpn.py
Icon=/path_to_icon/toggle_onicon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
NoDisplay=true

If you did the actions above, drag either one of these desktop files on to the launcher (you might have to log out and in) and it should work! If you dragged the "wrong" desktop file on to the launcher, it will be corrected on first use.

In case you need more specific information on details, leave a comment.


There is no specific upgrade procedure from 14.04.1, 14.04.2 to 14.04.3.

If you do routine upgrades, your version will be automatically switched to 14.04.3.

There are new kernel and graphical stack introduced in 14.04.3. But they are mainly needed to support new installs on new hardware.

Hardware Enablement Stack

The old installations are fully supported.


auth log seems to be running mystery cronjob

As seen, these are from:

5-55/10 * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1

and the command debian-sa1 (/usr/lib/sysstat/debian-sa1), is basically a wrapper script, is from the sysstat package. The filename in /etc/cron.d/ should be sysstat.

More confirmation:

% dpkg -S /usr/lib/sysstat/debian-sa1
sysstat: /usr/lib/sysstat/debian-sa1

% dpkg -S /etc/cron.d/sysstat
sysstat: /etc/cron.d/sysstat

and the comment above the line is:

# Activity reports every 10 minutes everyday
5-55/10 * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1

debian-sa1 is calling /usr/lib/sysstat/sa1 which in turn is calling sadc eventually.


I installed pavucontrol and opened it via the terminal.In the input levels from the internal microphone I made one channel maxed and the other placed down to zero. And my mic works now in skype.


Graphics problem after updating to Kernel 3.11 with Ubuntu 13.04 64bit

I once had the same problem as you are facing.

I compiled the kernel and found out that a newly compiled kernel does not contains driver that provides 3D-Acceleration function. There is just an open-source driver.

So I downloaded a official driver from http://amd.com (ATI = AMD now). It is an *.run file. Run it in terminal and install the driver.

The official driver is named fglrx, you can type a lsmod to figure it out.

So to solve it just to:

Download driver from http://amd.com
Install it
Reboot


You're using the nouveau driver from the output of the lshw command. You should have more luck (and performance) with the closed-source Nvidia driver.

Try to install it using the "Hardware drivers" system application. It should offer you to install this "Additional driver". In my experience the Nouveau driver is "okay", but has many flaws and bugs.

How do I install additional drivers?


No internet connection, how to restore to default

Found the solution, actually one line of code did the job gksu "service network-manager start" from answer @hexafraction


How to install complete, easily updatable LaTeX system with text editor front-end?

You can try sudo apt-get install texlive. The updated packages are usually available in the distribution repo, current version is 2013. However, there are other packages (other than the default install set) that you might need to install depending on the latex package you want to use in your document. You can use Synaptic to search for and install necessary packages.

As for editors, you are spoilt for choice. You can use emacs, kile, etc. You can also use eclipse with texlipse. Even gedit comes with a latex plugin.

There are a couple of other ways to install latex support on your system, which are more involved. You can manually download desired (or missing) packages from CTAN, place them in $HOME/texmf/tex/latex/. Place the desired package directory there (the directory is expected to contain the .sty file, and other optional documentation or source files). Then, execute sudo texhash.

Or you could download the latest TexLive distribution from the project page, and install  using tlmgr.


dual boot windows 10 and ubuntu 14.04 problem error no such device

it seems the OS is looking for a UUID that doesn't exist. Use Boot Repair tool to repair the issue,install it via terminal

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Then if the simple click won't fix things,then you will post the Booting Summary for further help.


There is nothing like that, but the below might provide you some new insights :
Scalemp


Ubuntu 18.04 with LAMP installed and want to upgrade from php7.2 to php7.2-fpm

Googling php7.2-fpm apache2 will reveal many guides to configure apache.

NOTE ---I do not claim this to be the proper or most secure settings.
The issue of site security is complex and constantly evolving. It is up to you to keep up to date on the best security practices.

This is the method I successfully used the set up in a development environment.
This assumes default Ubuntu 18.04 LAMP server settings with php7.2 installed.
Method is simalar for release standard php or php7.3 and php7.4(with ppa REPOs configured)

If you do not have one first create a php info page.

echo '<?php phpinfo() ?>' | sudo tee /var/www/html/phpinfo.php

Check page in browser via local network or gui if installed on server.
 "server ip or domain"/phpinfo.php

The line 'Server API' will confirm default 'Apache 2.0 Handler'

In a terminal navigate to path /etc/apache2/

cd /etc/apache2/

Check that you have the php7.2-fpm configuration available in conf-available

ls conf-available

If it is not available it may be installed via:

sudo apt install php7.2-fpm

enable php7.2-fpm configuration:

sudo a2enconf php7.2-fpm

This creates a link of the actual file /etc/apache/conf-available/php7.2-fpm.conf and places it in /etc/apache2/conf-enabled directory. By default ubuntu apache2 configuration includes all *.conf files from /etc/apache2/*-enabled directorys into the /etc/apache2/apache2.conf file.

Now you will need to enable the proxy and proxy_fcgi modules

sudo a2enmod proxy_fcgi

This will enable both modules as proxy.conf is a dependency of proxy_fcgi.

Now to complete, disable php7.2 module:

sudo a2dismod php7.2

Restart apache server

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Confirm configuration "ip or domain"/phpinfo.php

The line "Server API" will now confirm "    FPM/FastCGI    ".

PHP workload is now offloaded from apache process to an independent php server process.

This assumes default Ubuntu LAMP server settings. This does not take into account any previously enabled modules or configurations. Before making any changes to default conf files I recommend creating a backup copy for restoring default settings.

This method is similar for later Ubuntu releases with php7.3 or php 7.4

If any errors are encountered during restart check the apache2 logs files at /var/log/apache2/ and php logs in /var/log.


How to make workspace switcher work properly?

The workspace switcher in unity (3d) is provided by the compiz plugin "expo". If you hold down the super button (aka windows key) & then press s does it work? If not then possibly the expo plugin has been disabled


How to insert parameter into command in bash script?

Curly braces after the dollar sign allow you to expand a variable without putting spaces around it:

java -Xmx${1}MB -jar craftbukkit-beta.jar


12.04 unable to communicate with Router WRT310N

You can use command in terminal sudo -i then root password and another command pppoeconf and give your username and password provided by your ISP and enjoy Internet.


Banking security is pretty sophisticated. Most of the available holes are on your end. For instance, storing your passwords for your banking site on your system is likely a bad idea unless you keep your computer in a vault. You might want to avoid banking over wireless (especially public wifi which isn't typically encrypted to the level available on  private wifi) to avoid broadcasting encrypted data (which could possibly be decrypted). I would consider the combination of login and security questions along with the other security features (which differ slightly from bank to bank) to be sufficient.


The shell expands the variables before it runs the command, even before it runs the assignments.

Cf.

text=blah ; echo $text

or

text=blah eval 'echo $text'

The first one works because the assignment is run as a separate command. The second one works because $text is single-quoted which prevents its expansion when shell is processing the command; when eval is later running, the variable already has the value assigned.


Ubuntu 16.04 freezes seconds after boot, stuck at login screen

I have experienced the same on 17.10. Although you are on 16.04, the freeze seems to be common to both versions and may be this issue or that issue.

sudo apt purge intel-microcode

suggested did not work for me but installing latest mainline kernel 4.16.3-041603-generic did solve the freeze. I used ukuu to easily install this kernel, great utility!


Why I installed Xubuntu Desktop after Installing Ubuntu 13.10

(Moving OP's own answer to an Answer:)

so after installing Ubuntu 13.10 and booting up,   I did the following :

press ctrl-alt-T or press ctrl-alt-F2 (even if you got blank screen or just see the Ubuntu wallpaper) and enter :

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
ccsm

note: while in ccsm, disable the unity plugin
Then I enter :

sudo apt-get upate && sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

press ctrl-alt-F2 and login, then enter :

sudo stop lightdm
sudo Xorg -configure
sudo reboot

Your computer  should now start up with Xubuntu Xfce 4 desktop and having all your Ubuntu apps and data intact eg. firefox or chrome browser history, cookies.

Go to Settings Manager and do configurations eg. session and startup

This posting will be of interest to those who want Ubuntu but whose computer hardware does not support Unity desktop or those who do not like to use the Unity desktop.

Important note :  your location affects your download of Ubuntu software, so to be safe, choose a location where you know the servers (will with high probability) have the complete software.  Your location is specified when you select Time and Date.  Do not trust mirror sites outside the US.


Ubuntu 16.04 & Nvidia - Adding external monitor stretches single display across both monitors

Press Ctrl+Alt+T to go to a terminal and type:

nvidia-settings

then you'll see something like this screen:

From the left pane,

choose X Server Display Configuration
click the secondary screen in the dialog window
click Configure.
Enable TwinView.

If it doesn't work immediately, reboot the computer.


Password management between ubuntu, iPhone and windows

I went with "KeePass2", which has a Windows and Linux version.  On both OSes I also installed DropBox and got a free account.  I save the KeePass2 file in DropBox so it stays in sync between the two OSes.

On the iPhone I bought "KeePass Touch" for $1.39, which can sync up with DropBox.  I don't think I can write passwords for the iPhone -- just read them -- but that's not a huge deal.  (I also installed DropBox on the iPhone, but don't think I need to do that; I think it is built into KeePass touch).


What happens if I boot a low-latency kernel?

It boils down to how your CPU handles processes. If you are booting Linux on an older laptop with a 2 core CPU, I would boot low-latency.

Basically latency is the delay before data is moved based on the instructions on how the data is moved. So lower the latency, the quicker data is being Processed/sent/received.


In my experience this just does not effing work in Ubuntu currently. I will say that if you have to edit xorg.conf in a reasonably current version of Ubuntu (anything post-Unity),  you're doing it wrong -- XRANDR does much better on its own. It's a shame, because the Intel graphics these days are so good, I don't want the adapter to go to waste, but X doesn't know how to use two different GPUs simultaneously.

This may have something to do with the fact that the Intel adapter doesn't actually show up as "VGA compatible" in lspci when you've got a discrete card connected -- but that's all the sleuthing I managed. You should file a bug report; I keep meaning to get around to it.


duplicity: problem parsing WebDAV URLs in bash script

The question has been answered on launchpad by the very helpful duplicity dev team:

https://answers.launchpad.net/duplicity/+question/289684


Ubuntu 13.10 doesn't boot up after successful installation

I'm guessing your boot loader's installation failed. Boot on your Live drive, and try to reinstall it. In order to do so, select Try Ubuntu when prompted, wait for the environment to load, and open a terminal by doing Ctrl + Alt + T. Become root by typing sudo -i an proceed with the following commands :

grub-install --recheck /dev/sda # Install GRUB on sda (adapt this line, see below)
update-grub # Generate configuration.

Note : you can find your hard drive's device file (/dev/sdX) by doing :

fdisk -l # As root, again.

You'll recognise your partitions, and hard drives. On most computers, there is only one hard drive, and the kernel loads it on /dev/sda.

Reboot, and everything should be fine.


Need to get a file from an old windows laptop

Use an ubuntu live usb to start the machine without installing anything and then use your working mouse to move the file to an external USB disk or to Google drive by finding the link in the history tab of your browser.


How can I play a youtube video AND ncmpcpp at the same time?

To solve this you must load a module with pulse audio control:

pactl load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1

after
putting

audio_output {
   type     "pulse"
   name     "My PULSE Device"
   server   "127.0.0.1"

in /etc/mpd.conf

You can pactl unload-module module-native-protocol-tcp to unload the module.


Remove vim indents when I paste directly from system clipboard

If you paste from the system clipboard, vim thinks the pasted text is user input and, if confiured to provide autoindent, vim makes it's job and automatically indents the code.

You can turn off that autoindent when you paste code into vim directly. Type that in the command mode:

:set paste

Now, your pasted code should be written without indent. To re-enable autoindent again use:

:set nopaste

To simplfy that, you can define a shortcut in you .vimrc as follows:

set pastetoggle=<F2>

Now, when you press F2 in insert mode to have the desired behavior. Then press again F2, to work with autoindent as before.


Login on 14.04 keeps taking me back to login

Have you deleted the .Xauthority file? It should fix the problem:

sudo rm ~/.Xauthority


Ubuntu won't boot after switch to nvidia graphics

Purge all nvidia packages. Remove the blacklist-nvidia conf so that nouveau will load, and then work from there.


install libicu-dev libicu-dev:i386 at the same time produce error at Ubuntu18 (on Ubuntu16 works fine)

It is normal behaviour.

If you compare the filelists of both packages obtained from https://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/libicu-dev you will see that they have at least one identical filepath /usr/bin/icu-config:

amd64:

i386

So you should not have these two packages installed in the same time.


You can think of converting it to html with some tool like pandoc, then read the html with lynx. For eg, with pandoc:

pandoc file.md | lynx -stdin


Is there a graphical browser available for Ubuntu Core?

If you don't mind using a text based web browser, you could try icey-lynx or links.


Edit your Resolv conf using

# sudo vim /etc/resolv.conf

Then Enter the below

nameserver 192.168.1.1
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 4.4.4.4

Replace 192.168.1.1 with your Router IP

Edit this file too if not your DNS will override it

# sudo vim /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base

Then Enter the below

nameserver 192.168.1.1
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 4.4.4.4

Then Restart your Server Using

# sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart


Edge motion not working on Acer Aspire R15 laptop with Elan trackpad, no edge motion settings in synclient

According to the synaptics man page, edge motion is no longer part of the driver.  In other words, it appears this capability is no longer available.


How to test if my video card has 3D support?

This is a topic with a lot of bad/outdated/incorrect information available.

Things which don't work:

Checking for "direct rendering: Yes":
This isn't an accurate indicator.  The software renderer also supports direct rendering, so even if you don't have hardware 3D support you can have direct rendering: Yes
Checking the FPS of glxgears:
This isn't an accurate indicator either.  Recent versions of Ubuntu will have vsync enabled, so glxgears will only run as fast as the screen refresh rate.  This means glxgears will almost always print an FPS of 60 or thereabouts.

What does work:

The output of glxinfo contains the information we want.

name of display: :0
display: :0  screen: 0
direct rendering: Yes
server glx vendor string: SGI
… snip …
OpenGL vendor string: Tungsten Graphics, Inc
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Mobile Intel® GM45 Express Chipset
OpenGL version string: 2.1 Mesa 7.10.1
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.20
OpenGL extensions:
… snip long extensions list…

The OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Mobile Intel® GM45 Express Chipset line indicates that I'm using my Intel GM45 chip to do 3D rendering.

OpenGL version string: 2.1 Mesa 7.10.1 indicates the baseline OpenGL version that this driver/hardware supports (OpenGL 2.1) and the version of Mesa being used (7.10.1).

Finally, direct rendering: Yes on top of the previous two fields indicates that the driver is working properly with a direct rendering context.  This will never be No unless something is really messed up with your install (or you're doing something strange, like connecting to a remote X server).

Examples of bad glxinfo output:

LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=1 glxinfo
name of display: :0
display: :0  screen: 0
direct rendering: Yes
server glx vendor string: SGI
server glx version string: 1.4
server glx extensions:
    GLX_ARB_multisample, GLX_EXT_import_context, GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap,
    GLX_EXT_visual_info, GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_MESA_copy_sub_buffer,
    GLX_OML_swap_method, GLX_SGI_make_current_read, GLX_SGI_swap_control,
    GLX_SGIS_multisample, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, GLX_SGIX_pbuffer,
    GLX_SGIX_visual_select_group, GLX_INTEL_swap_event
client glx vendor string: Mesa Project and SGI
client glx version string: 1.4
client glx extensions:
    GLX_ARB_get_proc_address, GLX_ARB_multisample, GLX_EXT_import_context,
    GLX_EXT_visual_info, GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_MESA_copy_sub_buffer,
    GLX_MESA_swap_control, GLX_OML_swap_method, GLX_OML_sync_control,
    GLX_SGI_make_current_read, GLX_SGI_swap_control, GLX_SGI_video_sync,
    GLX_SGIS_multisample, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, GLX_SGIX_pbuffer,
    GLX_SGIX_visual_select_group, GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap,
    GLX_INTEL_swap_event
GLX version: 1.4
GLX extensions:
    GLX_ARB_get_proc_address, GLX_ARB_multisample, GLX_EXT_import_context,
    GLX_EXT_visual_info, GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_OML_swap_method,
    GLX_SGIS_multisample, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, GLX_SGIX_pbuffer,
    GLX_SGIX_visual_select_group, GLX_INTEL_swap_event
OpenGL vendor string: Mesa Project
OpenGL renderer string: Software Rasterizer
OpenGL version string: 2.1 Mesa 7.10.1
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.20
OpenGL extensions:
    GL_ARB_copy_buffer, GL_ARB_depth_clamp, GL_ARB_depth_texture,

Here we've got no hardware acceleration, so the Software Rasterizer is providing (slow!) 3D support.

 LIBGL_DRIVERS_PATH=foo glxinfo
name of display: :0
display: :0  screen: 0
direct rendering: No (If you want to find out why, try setting LIBGL_DEBUG=verbose)
server glx vendor string: SGI
server glx version string: 1.4
server glx extensions:
    GLX_ARB_multisample, GLX_EXT_import_context, GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap,
    GLX_EXT_visual_info, GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_MESA_copy_sub_buffer,
    GLX_OML_swap_method, GLX_SGI_make_current_read, GLX_SGI_swap_control,
    GLX_SGIS_multisample, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, GLX_SGIX_pbuffer,
    GLX_SGIX_visual_select_group, GLX_INTEL_swap_event
client glx vendor string: Mesa Project and SGI
client glx version string: 1.4
client glx extensions:
    GLX_ARB_get_proc_address, GLX_ARB_multisample, GLX_EXT_import_context,
    GLX_EXT_visual_info, GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_MESA_copy_sub_buffer,
    GLX_MESA_swap_control, GLX_OML_swap_method, GLX_OML_sync_control,
    GLX_SGI_make_current_read, GLX_SGI_swap_control, GLX_SGI_video_sync,
    GLX_SGIS_multisample, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, GLX_SGIX_pbuffer,
    GLX_SGIX_visual_select_group, GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap,
    GLX_INTEL_swap_event
GLX version: 1.4
GLX extensions:
    GLX_ARB_get_proc_address, GLX_ARB_multisample, GLX_EXT_import_context,
    GLX_EXT_visual_info, GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_MESA_copy_sub_buffer,
    GLX_OML_swap_method, GLX_SGI_make_current_read, GLX_SGI_swap_control,
    GLX_SGIS_multisample, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, GLX_SGIX_pbuffer,
    GLX_SGIX_visual_select_group, GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap,
    GLX_INTEL_swap_event
OpenGL vendor string: Tungsten Graphics, Inc
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Mobile Intel® GM45 Express Chipset
OpenGL version string: 1.4 (2.1 Mesa 7.10.1)
OpenGL extensions:
    GL_ARB_depth_texture, GL_ARB_draw_buffers, GL_ARB_fragment_program,
    GL_ARB_fragment_program_shadow, GL_ARB_multisample, GL_ARB_multitexture,

Here we've broken direct rendering by pointing LIBGL at a non-existent DRIVERS_PATH. The direct rendering pathway fails:

direct rendering: No (If you want to find out why, try setting LIBGL_DEBUG=verbose)

But indirect rendering is still working, because the display server has loaded the driver

OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Mobile Intel® GM45 Express Chipset
OpenGL version string: 1.4 (2.1 Mesa 7.10.1)

(Note that the OpenGL version advertised is now OpenGL 1.4 - this is the newest OpenGL version for which there is an indirect rendering protocol).


To connect remotely to a computer system you need these two things

Internet connection(Broadband connection recommended)
Remote Desktop Connection software needs to connect via TCP Port 3389
Remote Desktop Connection software(Team Viewer recommended)
You can use Team viewer [download it from here]https://www.teamviewer.com/download/linux/.


okay, now I can answer to this question by myself. So, this tipe of virus is situated not in the PC itself (may be it can create some suspisious files in various directories, but even if u remove them every time it doesn't mean that the problem is solved). It's just changeing something within the router, making some kind  of new DNS (in my case it started with 185.) and this is the main reason of pop-ups. By the way, I didn't instal anything suspisios, the infection was from clicking suspisious webpages, adds, I don't know.

And by the way, because of the abovementioned this infection affects also
via Wi-Fi.

So one have just to contact to Internet provider's support team, ask them to change that DNS into the provider's DNS. Or u can hard reset your router if u know how to do this and have all required information (if you know, for instance, the DNS of your provider).

Just after that antiviruses and PC or browser cleaning can help.

I appreciate all answers,thank you all who wanted to help.


Pressing control-H in Nautilus will show also files starting with a ..

If you want this permanent: Files > Preferences will have a setting for this:

In command line ls -la the a part will also show hidden files.


Firefox keeps crashing on Ubuntu 14.04 even in safe mode

You can try this:

mv ~/{.mozilla,mozilla.bak}
# this command remames ~/.mozzilla (firefox) config folder to mozilla.bak

Or someone had the same error and fixed it by disable hardware acceleration: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=193339


What does 'Nice' mean on the processes tab

'nice' refers to the priority the process gets on your CPU. This is a number in the range of -20 (highest priority) to 19 (lowest). You'll probably find that most applications you're running are at nice '0', which means that they are running with normal priority and none will get preferential treatment by the scheduler over another.

If you're running an intensive program, you may wish to launch it from a terminal with nice -n 10 /path/to/program. That way it will impact less on the performance of your system.

Note that you need root (sudo) privileges to schedule a process with priority greater than normal (<0). This is to prevent users from being able to bog down the entire system easily, and so that critical tasks can always receive the CPU time they require.

There's a good explanation on Wikipedia too.


How to switch the editor in mc (midnight commander) from nano to mcedit?

Press the following keys in order, one at a time:

F9   Activates the top menu.
o   Selects the Option menu.
c  Opens the configuration dialog.
i  Toggles the use internal edit option.
s Saves your preferences.


Unable to Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7 (Legacy BIOS)

Open the Windows disk utility and make sure that it is a "basic disk".  If you create more than 4 primary partitions, it automatically converts to "dynamic disk", which Ubuntu doesn't support.  You will need to remove some partitions to get it back down to 4 in order to convert it back to a basic disk.


Is there any way to retain word 2010 format?

Not ideal but worth mentioning: you can use Microsoft Office webapps in any browser: http://office.microsoft.com . It's free to register, and you get some storage space for documents.

Note that LibreOffice is getting better and better at handling MS document formats, so try to get the latest version of LO, it should work well for most documents, and for the really critical documents use MS Office webapp.


How to install all existing media codecs?

UPDATE: 2017-Jan

For Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and 16.10 (12.04 or later)

update the repos:

sudo apt-get update

install CURL tool

sudo apt-get install curl

load VideoLAN repository

curl https://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/videolan-apt.asc | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/stable ./" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/libdvdcss.list
sudo apt-get update

install VLC and Mplayer, and their support elements

sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-data browser-plugin-vlc mplayer2

If still using 14.04 LTS (or earlier), then:

sudo apt-get install vlc-plugin-pulse

install remaining Ubuntu 'restricted extras' (146 MB when installed, skip if space is critical)

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

If you are NOT already using 16.04 LTS (or later), force (manually) install the three key elements for full DVD support:

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2 libdvdnav4 libdvdread4


Try adding the "defaults" option

//192.168.1.5/PUBLIC /media/MyBookLive cifs defaults,credentials=/home/gacek/.mybookcredentials,uid=1000,gid=1000

or the "rw" option.

//192.168.1.5/PUBLIC /media/MyBookLive cifs rw,credentials=/home/gacek/.mybookcredentials,uid=1000,gid=1000


WiFi connection does not work on Ubuntu 16.04

You could try reinstalling your drivers by going to this site https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new and cloning its repository. Then you can build it by typing  makesudo make install
Make sure you are in the cloned repository when you perform make.

Last resort if the above fix does not work. Try downgrading or using an older kernel. This has fixed my issues in the past.


First of all... are you tring to run Mac Os on a non-apple hardware?
Anyway as far as I know yes, efi partition should be the first. I don't think you need to install grub efi since i can start mac os from bios grub (on a mac trough bios emulation). It seems to me it has crappy performances tough.
Easyest way to solve this is installing MacOS before Ubuntu, if you don't want that you should provide informations on your hardware, on your partition table and on you grub configuration.


I solve it! Before the appearance of problem I've update the Ubuntu base. So the solution is dead simple: reboot the system! :)


Alternative to Nautilus for copying file paths?

Copy from nautilus and then paste into a terminal by right-mouse "Paste as Filenames". This will preserve the path. This menu option appears only after copy. I have tested this on fresh installs of 19.10 and 20.04.


Lubuntu 18.10 QTerminal Window Transparency Setting?

It's there in File > Preferences:

And here's how it looks with 20%:

Edit:

I should have mentioned that compositing needs to be turned on for transparency effects to work. LXQt uses Compton because Openbox, the current window manager for Lubuntu 18.10, does not provide compositing by itself
To enable compositing automatically to survive a reboot or log out, click on Menu icon > Preferences > LXQt settings > Session Settings > Autostart > Add.
In Name, enter Compton
For the command, click in the blank box and then on Search. You'll be presented with a window showing items in /usr/bin where you need to scroll down to compton, highlight it, click Open, and then OK. Ensure that the check box next to Compton is filled.
Log out and log back in.

QTerminal should now show the desired transparency.
Editing your Compton preferences

You may notice that some of the "default" effects don't suit you.
To change them to what you like, click on Menu > Preferences > LXQt settings > Window Effects.
Make the changes you want in the GUI window that opens up.
I suggest not making changes in the Other tab unless you know what you're doing.
The changes you make are written to ~/.config/compton.conf So you need to log out and log back in for the changes to take effect or kill and restart Compton.


You don't need to follow any guide, specially not the complicated one. You just need to follow this steps:

Install java, Oracle java if possible.
Download and extract the version from the PyCharm site
Extract the file, run pycharm.sh from the bin folder
Optional, go to menu Tools > Create Desktop Entry to add it to your system menus.


Unity 3D not working no longer works after update

You can try installing the latest version of the drivers for your graphics.

A ppa with the newest drivers can be found here.

Add it with

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:glasen/intel-driver
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

install the xserver-xorg-video-intel using the command

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-intel


Can I install and run Ubuntu on Celeron j3455 processor?

Short answer is "the Celeron J3455 will work with Ubuntu", but the qualifier of "fine" will be very difficult to judge ahead of time. Looking at the benchmarks for that processor, you're going to find it rather sluggish with just about everything. As a result, you may want to look at one of the lighter-weight flavours, such as Xubuntu or Ubuntu MATE.


why is "saned" disabled on boot Ubuntu 12.04?

As the error said, look inside /etc/default/saned :

# Defaults for the saned initscript, from sane-utils

# Set to yes to start saned
RUN=no

# Set to the user saned should run as
RUN_AS_USER=saned

If directive/variable "RUN" is set to "no", then you must change it to "yes". To do this, open /etc/default/saned file with following command:

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/saned

Set RUN=yes. Now, saned service will be started during start-up of Ubuntu, but to start the service for now, run following command:

sudo /etc/init.d/saned start

If you see a line similar to the below line, it means that the service is running.

[ ok ] Starting saned (via systemctl): saned.service.


How to compare text before given character

If any result would do, use sort and ask for unique output:

sort -ut: -k1,1 foo

The options:

-k 1,1 only use the first field for sorting
-t: use : as the field separator
-u remove duplicates from the output based on the sort field

Similarly, in awk:

awk -F: '!a[$1]++' foo

In both commands, using : as the field separator, we're only looking at the first field.

This awk command (and, I think, the sort command as well) will print only the first result.

To get the last result:

awk -F: '{a[$1] = $0} END {for (i in a) print a[i]}'

Here, we use the first field as an index into the array a, and save the whole line into the array. Each time a duplicate result is encountered, it overwrites the previous entry. And, at the end, just print all lines in the array, which will now have only the last results of each system.


Reading lines from a file and storing their content to pass to a C program in a shell script

Assuming "inputs are given through command line" means that the program accepts command-line arguments, then you should be able to do this with xargs

Ex. given a minimal C program

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  printf("Running %s\n", argv[0]);
  for(int i=1; i<argc; i++) printf("arg %d = %s\n", i, argv[i]);
  printf("\n");
}

compiled with gcc -o someprog someprog.c, and a file of whitespace-separated input arguments inputs.txt

$ cat inputs.txt
2   423
4    56.9
7   83.5

Then

$ xargs -L1 ./someprog < inputs.txt
Running ./someprog
arg 1 = 2
arg 2 = 423

Running ./someprog
arg 1 = 4
arg 2 = 56.9

Running ./someprog
arg 1 = 7
arg 2 = 83.5

If your input file has a header, you will need to remove it (using tail for example).

If parallel processing would be computationally advantageous for your task, then you could do a similar thing with GNU Parallel

parallel --colsep '[ \t]+' ./someprog {1} {2} :::: inputs.txt


Multiple flavors, one external hard drive?

First off, since you want to install eight different flavors, it would be good practice to create 8 partitions with 124 GB each and use the remaining 8 GB as a SWAP partition.

Here there is also a decision to be made about the kind of Partition table structure to implement. If the flavors of Linux that you are opting to install have  the support for it and the hardware you are running has support for UEFI (Universal Extended Firmware Interface), you should use a GPT partition table structure but, if you are planning on running the systems on older machines that implement MBR(MSDOS)-BIOS, then you should create three Primary partitions and one extended partition where the remaining five flavors of linux and the SWAP partition can reside in.

Both the creation of the Partition table, the partitions and later the file-systems on each partition, can be done with gparted which can be downloaded from here or it's highly likely that one of the linux boxes you are running has already got the program installed.

gparted is a GUI tool, so using it is a fairly straightforward process and you can very easily learn how to do each task i.e. creating a GPT or MBR partition table, creating the 9 partitions and file-systems on the partitions you just created from videos on YouTube.

To start you off, here is my favorite article on creating a GPT partition structure in gparted. And here is one for manipulating MBR/MSDOS primary and secondary partitions in gparted .


Weird usb error shows up during ubuntu 20.04 hibernation

I ran these two command and rebooted, then seems like the resolved is resolved for now. may be it was a outdated firmware issue

sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
sudo update-grub


Permission Denied in /var/www/public_html. I am member of www-data

You might want to check on the extended attributes of /var/www (and its subdirectories), like so:
$ lsattr /var/www # or /var/www/bihag.moops, or /var/www/bihag.moops/public_html

If the i (immutable) attribute is set, e.g. you see something like:
----i--------------- /var/www

then that could explain why you cannot create a new file in the directory even with the right permissions. In that case, you could remove the i attribute by doing:
$ sudo chattr -i /var/www # or /var/www/bihag.moops, or /var/www/bihag.moops/public_html


How do I get this Mac OS X exposé behavior?

Otherwise here is a link to do exactly what u're asking for.
After installation you go to Tweaks -> Workspace then you choose what event each corner triggers


Without knowing the model of your laptop or its specifications, the only preliminary thing I can suggest, which has worked for me before, is to try a kernel boot parameter such as reboot=bios, however this will only work on X86 32 bit systems.

This approach is also mentioned on the Ubuntu wiki for Grub 2, and can often work, and please see the note there about an alternative boot parameter, especially for some Dell systems, called reboot=pci.

Now edit /etc/default/grub (if you don't use vim, replace it with another editor):

sudo vim /etc/default/grub

Make sure that you add your kernel boot parameter so that you have a line identical to this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash reboot=bios"

Now you must run

sudo update-grub

for the changes to be incorporated in /boot/grub/grub.cfg.

More details on such kernel boot parameters are explained in man bootparam or the Ubuntu manpages online. However the most detailed documentation is in the linux-doc package, and when that is installed you will have /usr/share/doc/linux-doc/kernel-parameters.txt.gz. However, for a description of the other options such as reboot=acpi you need to install the kernel source and look at the file that kernel-parameters.txt.gz directs you to. Alternatively, a quick summary of other options are listed in this article.

As an extra note, the kernel log often contains recommendations such as If system does not work as expected, please boot with acpi=copy_dsdt. To find any such errors, grep the kernel log with

grep -Ei 'ACPI Error|ACPI BIOS Bug' /var/log/kern.log

If the problem persists, it may be specific to your hardware and need to be reported as an acpi bug against the kernel.


Unable to install mysql 5.6 in ubuntu 12.04

You don't have to do that:

easily you can install mysql:

server:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

client only

sudo apt-get install mysql-client

If you want newer versions than default in Ubuntu

for version 5.5;

sudo  apt-add-repository ppa:ondrej/mysql-5.5

for version 5.6;

sudo  apt-add-repository ppa:ondrej/mysql-5.6

After adding your needed version, update sources lis:

sudo apt-get update

now install mysql

server:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

client only

sudo apt-get install mysql-client


Dropbox NAS replication through Ubuntu Server 12.04

I've gotten an answer back from Dropbox about this article by sending their support team the link and here is the main part of their answer back.

"Unfortunately, Dropbox does not work completely when used with a network filesystem. Dropbox is reporting this error because the Dropbox application is unable to fully access this location.

The problem is that network filesystems do not send messages when files change. When Dropbox first starts it will do a deep file scan and will detect changes and sync them. However, during normal operation, Dropbox waits for "file update events" and only physically connected drives send these events."

So I have configured my Dropbox on my Ubuntu Server 12.04 to run to the user's own folder for now and I am using rsync in a cron job to replicate over to my NAS hourly.


Snap creating a symlink to home folders? Is there a way to turn off these links?

My answer was to remove the Inkscape snap entirely, via the Software Centre. I did not try re-installing Inkscape through Snap to test if the same Home Directory symlinked folders would come back.
(I did install the 'regular' Inkscape that comes from the Ubuntu repositories.)
If this occurs to you (and it may not be caused by Inkscape, but instead by Snap's methods,) uninstalling the app where the Home Directory symlinks are formed may be your only solution!


How do I get Chromium browser to always ask where to save PDF files instead of automatically displaying it within the browser?

you can do this by disabling the PDF extension in google chrome-browser > setting >> extension.


Kubuntu 17.04 freezes every 20s for a second

After observing running processes I've realized, that display freezing correlates with plasmashell process utilizing CPU. Removing all widgets from desktop resolved the issue.

The problem was probably cased by Thermal Monitor widget. Or combination with other widgets.


Why doesn't ssh record failed access in /var/log/btmp?

It's not a bug, it's a feature! ;)

See Ubuntu Bug #743858. This was actually done on purpose, in order to close Debian Bug #314956.

While at the end of that Ubuntu bug report there is some discussion about re-enabling /var/log/btmp logging for sshd, it seems nothing has been done so far. You could try to bump it up if you like.


File disappeared from NTFS after Ubuntu installation

Two things could have happened.

1)The resize/shrink had some bug that caused the file to get "lost" (possible, but not horribly likely)

2)The partition was forcibly unmounted before cached disk writes were flushed (a lot more likely with a 30GB write to an external drive, even moreso if you piped tar or something to that effect)

In the prior case, recovery may be possible with FTK, foremost, scalpel, or some other tool.  In the latter case, complete recovery is a LOT less likely.

Either way, complete recovery is less than likely.


NetBeans 8.1 IDE Installer won't let me click on Next button (Ubuntu 15.10)

If you are using .sh file to install netbeans then you may have opened that .sh file in terminal directly.

Try opening it using following command:

sudo bash <netbeans_installationfile.sh>;


Automatically connect to a wireless network using CLI

Please amend your /etc/network/interfaces file to:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wireless-ssid SSID_Name
wireless-key XXXXX

If you expect to ssh and ftp into the server, you need to know where it is. Do so with a static IP address:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 192.168.1.150
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
wireless-ssid SSID_Name
wireless-key XXXXX
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 192.168.1.1

Moreover, your settings imply that your network is encrypted with WEP which is quite insecure. I recommend you change the router to WPA2-AES:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 192.168.1.150
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
wpa-essid SSID_Name
wpa-psk XXXXX
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 192.168.1.1

Be sure to select an address outside the range used by the DHCP server in the router and, of course, substitute your details here.


Unity Application switcher overlay is stuck and doubled

If Unity ever gets messy, I'd suggest just running:

unity --replace

It's not a fix but it should get things working again without interfering with existing windows.


.bashrc; create alias, permissions problems

Your alias must contain sudo twice, one inn front of each of the two commands you combined using &&:

alias upgrade='sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude full-upgrade -y'

Alternatively you could start a subshell with sudo which runs both commands internally:

alias upgrade='sudo bash -c "aptitude update && aptitude full-upgrade -y"'


Compare two files and add rule to iptables

As I mentioned in the edit,

The following command can be used to match the common string in the files

sudo awk 'FNR==NR{a[$1];next}($1 in a){print}' keys.txt hellos.txt

To further improve output use the awk -v OFS='\n' ' option with a pipe to print the ip address to a file. From there on it is simple to add rules to iptables.

awk 'FNR==NR{a[$1];next}($1 in a){print}' keys.txt hellos.txt | awk -v OFS='\n' '{ print $2, $3 }'> improved_address.txt


There are three bugs for this. As far as I can understand, it was initially caused by Pango, which was fixed, but gedit still needs to be fixed to correctly use Pango. (Someone please correct me if this is wrong.)
I suggest that you go to each bug, log in if required, and press the thumbs-up in the first post in the thread.
Inserting an hyphen at line breaks looks wrong in applications like gedit (1)
Inserting an hyphen at line breaks looks wrong in applications like gedit (2)
Hyphen/dash inserted for text wrapping should be disabled in gedit
Unfortunately, we're at the mercy of the developers, who don't seem to have taken this seriously. Perhaps we need to raise this as a bug with Ubuntu?


How to trigger network-manager autoconnect?

nmcli device set IFNAME autoconnect yes

is the command you're searching for. It enables autoconnect for the device with the interface name IFNAME, see e. g. nmcli device to get this name. If the device is currently not connected but finds a network it can connect to when you execute this command, it will instantly connect.


juju handshake node error..why (juju.state open.g:93 TLS handshake failed: x509:certificate has expired or is not yet valid

this is a confirmed bug, under bugs.launchpad.net/juju-core/+bug/1245550. and
https://bugs.launchpad.net/juju-core/+bug/1324331 although it has been triaged, this will put my proof of concept for ubuntu 12.04.4 on hold indefinitely, or until this is corrected. ubuntu 14.04, also has an impi issue that also halts this proof of concept. both projects are now on hold..


How I can get Verdana PostScript type1 font?

Installing the Ubuntu Restricted Extras adds the Verdana font to, for example, LibreOffice.

Open Software Center and look for Ubuntu Restricted Extras and install that Meta package which will install other packages including the one you want (In this case msttcorefonts)

After install you can see it in any program that uses Fonts like LibreOffice:


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on Dell Inspiron 11 3000 touch screen boots unreliably

I have the exact same laptop, and I found the following: http://en.community.dell.com/support-forums/laptop/f/3518/t/19595872

Basically, add the following two lines to /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf:

blacklist dw_dmac
blacklist dw_dmac_core

That fixed it for me, and now it works perfectly.

While I'm here, I'll mention that I had problems with the screen brightness not adjusting, and I added the following file: /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf:

Section "Device"
Identifier "card0"
Driver "intel"
Option "Backlight" "intel_backlight"
BusID "PCI:0:2:0"

EndSection


Global menubar in Libreoffice 4.1 in Ubuntu 12.04

This workaround does work partially, but has a very significant bug:

Download lo-menubar_0.1.1-0ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb for amd64 or lo-menubar_0.1.1-0ubuntu0.1_i386.deb for i386

extract

home/downloads/lo-menubar_0.1.1-0ubuntu0.1_i386.deb

with file roller

and sudo copy this folder:

home/downloads/usr/lib/libreoffice/share/extensions/menubar

to

file system/usr/lib/libreoffice/share/extensions/

NOTE: Libreoffice will integrate into global menubar, but you will only be able to access the menu via the HUD [pressing ALT on your keyboard]. Accessing via the actual menubar will cause libreoffice to crash. I have created a bug report at bugs.launchpad.net/lo-menubar/+bug/1216517

EDIT:

If the bug affects you as well, feel free to mark yourself as affected in the bug report :)


I would recommend Inkscape.

You could do a 3D effect if needed using gradients, e.g. here.

Use the clone feature once you have made your "atom"


Hacky solution that worked for me, similar issue, calendar stuck to Kubuntu desktop with no "x" to delete widget.

Went to System Settings, to group Workspace Appearance and Behavior, select Workspace Behavior, select Workspace, switch Workspace Type to Netbook, wait a moment for screen to change, then switch back to Desktop.

After this switch back and forth, the calendar stuck to my desktop was gone! :)


TL;DR UH flags in routing tables means:

U: route is up
H: this is a route to a single host (and not a network)

The different flags are:

 1      RTF_PROTO1       Protocol specific routing flag #1
 2      RTF_PROTO2       Protocol specific routing flag #2
 3      RTF_PROTO3       Protocol specific routing flag #3
 B      RTF_BLACKHOLE    Just discard pkts (during updates)
 b      RTF_BROADCAST    The route represents a broadcast address
 D      RTF_DYNAMIC      Created dynamically (by redirect)
 G      RTF_GATEWAY      Destination requires forwarding by intermediary
 H      RTF_HOST     Host entry (net otherwise)
 L      RTF_LLINFO       Valid protocol to link address translation
 M      RTF_MODIFIED     Modified dynamically (by redirect)
 R      RTF_REJECT       Host or net unreachable
 S      RTF_STATIC       Manually added
 U      RTF_UP       Route usable
 X      RTF_XRESOLVE     External daemon translates proto to link address

You will find a discussion on their meaning here for example.


If you want to enable it for all your php projects:

edit the /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini by opening a terminal and typing the following:

gksudo gedit /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini

search for the line.

display_errors = Off

and change Off to On

If you want to enable it for a single website, in your website's .htaccess file add the following line:

php_flag display_errors on

If you edited your php.ini file, a restart for apache is required for the settings to take effect, restart it with following line in a terminal.

sudo apache2ctl restart


Minecraft freezes Ubuntu 18.04 after 2 to 30 minutes

I have a similar problem sometimes in Ubuntu 18.04.  I think I remember solving it by using Ctrl-Alt-3 to switch to another console.  After logging in there I was able to kill the Java process (use top, ps, kill, etc. to achieve that).  When I switched back to the X Console (Ctrl-Alt-2 in Ubuntu 18.04, Ctrl-Alt-7 in older versions) the problem was gone.

I guess it was related to the mouse grabbing which the window of the Java process did.


Why doesn't Evolution use the login keychain?

Open seahorse, right click on the "login" keyring in the list, and choose "Set as default" in the menu.


ubuntu 11.10 has reached EOL "End Of Life" a long back so it can't take upgrades. Read this documentation for workaround https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EOLUpgrades

add or make sure that these repos are there in your source list /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse

run update upgrade command and perform sudo do-release-upgrade.


You did not specify how you added your cronjob. This makes a big difference: if you've used crontab -e within your own account, scripts are run with your user (and thus the crontab entry has one field less -- the user to run it, as that is known). If you simply copied your above snippet to /etc/cron.d, it would fail as you didn't specify a user (or rather as it finds no user named "bash"). So you should take the following steps:

update your question with information concerning how you added the cron job
check the system logs (/var/log/syslog; they could point to possible errors)
add some debug output to your Backup.sh script to see whether it is started

The third point can be achieved in multiple ways:

add a >>/tmp/testlog.log to the end of your crontab entry (to redirect output to a file you can investigate; additionally, a 2>&1 would include output from the error console)
add some lines to your script itself, like e.g. echo "Backup.sh started">/tmp/testlog.log

Moreover: As you intend your script to be run using bash, you should not tell it to use /bin/sh (which would make it use dash on a default Ubuntu installation), but rather /bin/bash. Then make it executable, and you can even omit the "bash" from your crontab entry.

Update:

According to your comment on my answer, you used crontab -e to create the job, and according to your systems logs it is executed, but the definition is rather

*/5 * * * * bash /home/jonathan/Games/Minecraft/Server/Backup.sh &>/dev/null

This redirects all output to the biggest storage in your system, the "black hole": /dev/null eats everything (but never returns anything). Redirecting STDOUT as well as STDERR this way robs you of any error report -- so you never know that they happened at all, let alone the details. For testing, you should omit the &>/dev/null part completely. Even if it works, you should only suppress unnecessary output -- as otherwise you never know when something goes wrong. So better leave out the ampersand at least, so Cron can report any occurring errors.

Furthermore: Once the output is redirected (as in your case to /dev/null), appending another redirect to the end will yield no results, as everything is already gone. So I have to adjust the above advice from "add ... to the end of your crontab entry" to "replace that in your crontab entry" ;)


Kdump testing does not work on machines deployed by MAAS and JUJU

After reproduce this problem myself using JuJu/MAAS, I found out MAAS deployment install quite a few packages:

Installing package: curl
Installing package: cpu-checker
Installing package: bridge-utils
Installing package: rsyslog-gnutls
Installing package: cloud-utils
Installing package: cloud-image-utils
Installing package: tmux

Some of the packages recreate the initrd file to a much larger size:

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24964912 Apr 18 16:32 /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-85-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24978648 Jun  7 09:32 /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-87-generic

So the default crashkernel=384M-:128M parameter that added by kdump-tools became too small. After I changed the /etc/default/grub.d/kexec-tools.cfg

from

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="$GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT crashkernel=384M-:128M"

To

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="$GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT crashkernel=384M-:256M"

You need to do

update-grub

to update your grub configuration.
After reboot, now you should be able to test your kernel crash and generate vmcore without problem.


Touchpad working, but keyboard and mouse not working

Sorry, I misinterpreted the question.
Please check this:

USB devices not work after installation of ubuntu 14.04

The problem might be the usb configurations.


to solve the problem of installing eclipse with cdt c/c++ plugins, simply do the following at terminal:

apt-get install eclipse eclipse-cdt eclipse-jdt # don't include eclipse if you have it already

after a successful install, do the following at terminal; pls back-up workspace:

rm -rf ~/.eclipse
rm -rf ~/workspace
eclipse -clean &


How can I add a new drive to an existent logical volume?

sudo vgextend discus /dev/sdb1

For LVM questions, see http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/index.html


Finding the Installed System's Partition(s)
When you're running from the live CD/DVD/USB, /home is the parent of home directories on the live CD system (nothing much interesting there), not the parent of home directories on the installed system.
You have to find your hard disk, which is listed on the left side of any file browser window, near the top. Mount that (or if there's more than one volume listed, mount the one for your Ubuntu system, or if you're not sure, mount them all and go through them to see). As Mark Rooney commented, you can just click on it to mount it. Then find the home folder in there.
That will probably be sufficient to enable you to copy your files out. Remember that copying them, say, to the desktop of the live CD system would be useless, as they would go away when you reboot. Instead you must:

copy them to an external drive or USB flash drive (but if you're booted from a USB flash drive, not that one, unless it has a persistent area and you really know what you're doing), or
put them on another machine on the network, or email them to yourself, or otherwise store them on an Internet server (for example, with a service like Ubuntu One), or
burn them to a CD/DVD.

Overcoming Errors About Insufficient Permissions
If you are told that you lack permissions to access any of the files, then you can get around this by using a Nautilus (i.e., file browser) window running as root. To do that, press Alt+F2, type in gksu nautilus (or gksudo nautilus), and press Enter.
A file browser window run this way pretty much has the power to perform any action, and programs launched from it--for example, by right-clicking on a document in it and clicking to open it--will run as root as well. So you should be careful. And close the root Nautilus window when you're done with it so you don't accidentally use it to break something.
Some Ubuntu live ISOs don't have the gksu package, which provides the gksu and gksudo commands, installed by default.

You can install it (live environments support nonpersistent software installation).
But it would probably be easier to use sudo -H nautilus or sudo -i nautilus, which are okay too.

If Your File Browser Isn't nautilus
Nautilus is called Files (or GNOME Files) in newer versions, but the command to run it is still nautilus. However, if your live CD/DVD/USB system for an Ubuntu flavor that's not GNOME (or Unity) based, the default file browser will be different and will require a different command to run as root.

"Vanilla" Ubuntu, Ubuntu Kylin, Edubuntu, and Ubuntu GNOME are all GNOME-based (either GNOME/Unity or GNOME with the GNOME Shell). So they all have Nautilus/Files, and you can go ahead and use gksu nautilus, gksudo nautilus, sudo -H nautilus, or sudo -i nautilus, just as described above.
Kubuntu is KDE 4 – based. Dolphin is file browser. Unlike the other desktop environments, KDE provides its own way to run graphical programs as root: kdesudo. So use kdesudo dolphin. (sudo -H dolphin or sudo -i dolphin would also work.)
Xubuntu, Ubuntu Studio, and Mythbuntu are Xfce-based. Thunar is the file browser. You can use gksu thunar, gksudo thunar, sudo -H thunar, or sudo -i thunar.
Lubuntu is LXDE-based. PCManFM is the file browser. You can use gksu pcmanfm, gksudo pcmanfm, sudo -H pcmanfm, or sudo -i pcmanfm.
Ubuntu MATE will be MATE-based. Caja is the file browser. You can use gksu caja, gksudo caja, sudo -H caja, or sudo -i caja.


Is there a way to stop KDE from overwriting my other WM settings?

Here is a solution that I have found mitigate display/window decoration issues when switching between KDE and Xfce.

How do I find which files KDE has modified?

Finding the files that have changed in a home directory, within a specified time period, is fairly straightforward.

find ~ -maxdepth 5 -mmin 10 (searches for changes within the last 10 minutes)

However, the results are cluttered with a large number of dynamic files(various app caches, for example). So, I needed to exclude those from my results:

find ~/ -maxdepth 5 \( -path ~/.cache -o -path ~/.xchat2 -o -path ~/.local -o -path ~/Downloads -o -path ~/.config/deluge -o -path ~/.config/chromium -o -path ~/docs -o -path ~/.dropbox -o -path ~/Dropbox -o -path ~/.pulse -o -path ~/.dbus \) -prune -o -mmin -5

This results in a much more manageable list to identify the files KDE has modified(I don't doubt that there is a more elegant solution to get the same results).

What files need to be changed and what commands should be run?

Prior to exiting KDE, enter a terminal(Ctrl-Alt-t), and enter the following command:

rm ~/.gtkrc-2.0

This will remove KDE window decoration settings and its deletion will result in those settings not being applied to Xfce. However, once logged into Xfce, the WM will need to be reset with the following command:

xfwm4 --replace

Additionally, if any theme or font changes have been made while working in KDE, another file will need to be deleted prior to logging into Xfce. Otherwise, fonts in the web browser will have been modified.

Again, from the command line:

rm ~/.fonts.conf

How can I (partially) automate this?

I have automated part of this by editing /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf and placing the following lines in the file:

    [SeatDefaults]
    session-cleanup-script = home/<userdir>/clean_up_after_kde.sh

The script contains the two rm commands from above. The xfwm --replace cannot run until the desktop environment has already started, so this is still run manually.

In order for the changes to take effect, lightdm needs to be restarted. Run the following:

sudo restart lightdm.

Your session will immediately restart after this command and drop you back to a login screen, so ensure that you have saved any work before restarting.

These commands will be run as part of the logout process now. Note that this script runs only after the user is completely logged out.

While this is still pretty kludgey, it is a smaller step to making it less so.


Unable to RDP to Ubuntu 18.0.4 from Windows

I know this is old but I had found a link for dealing with remote desktop and azure/ubuntu.
I hope this can help you as well:
Enable remote desktop on azure ubuntu


Ubuntu 14.04.1 - Unity Tweak Tool not working?

Have same problem over here, tried with suggestion from http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2205981&page=2

After dist-upgrade, mostly seem to work.

Copied answer from thread:

sudo apt-get purge unity-tweak-tool
remove ppa if installed in repository
delete the contents of "var/cache/apt/archives/"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
install unity-tweak-tool from Software Center


How to create an Internet connection using cable in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS?

The ubuntu documentation has a description on Lan networking.

If you have problems, maybe you can use the installed help on your computer (to access use Superkey+F1, on my keyboard this superkey is actually a key with the windows logo).


First make sure that all repositories are enabled, open Software & Updates and mark all sources :

Now open a terminal and execute the following commands to install all the packages needed :

sudo apt update
sudo apt install qemu qemu-kvm

When you additionally want to use a GUI for the KVM virtualization environment, execute this :

sudo apt install virt-manager

Additional information : qemu-kvm depends on the appropriate qemu-system-$arch package, which gets automatically installed alongside when installing the qemu meta package. The very same is valid for the libvirt-bin package and all other qemu and libvirt related packages.


I think the lens is more of a searcher than an organiser and a link to open a folder
would do this better, however could always make a feature request at https://launchpad.net/unity-lens-videos


I figured out the problem. Turns out the nbd-server config had the wrong export path

go to /opt/nbd-server/config

under

[export]
    exportname= /opt/ltsp/images/i386.img
    port = 2000

restart the nbd-server witht he command

sudo /etc/init.d/nbd-server restart

Also, I'm not sure but I suspect that you have to chose a static IP address different from the gateway address.

and voilà solved.


Using Pango fontYou can set a list of multiple fonts to use in your ~/.i3/config, either for a specific status bar (workspace names, mode indicators and status messages) or globally (title bars and all status bars). Settings on single status bars override global settings. The first font that provides a certain glyph is then used to draw it.

For example:

font pango:DejaVu Sans Mono, UnDotum, FontAwesome 12

So if a glyph is not providede by DejaVu Sans Mono, it will be looked up in UnDotum (assuming that is the correct name used by the system) and then FontAwesome.

You can get a list of the installed fonts with fc-list and look up the correct name there. For example with fc-list | grep -i dotum.

If you generally prefer FontAwesome but want to use UnDotum for a specific workspace, you also can use Pango markup to change the font only for it. For example:

set $WORKSPACE_X [GLYPH]
workspace $WORKSPACE_X output SOME-DISPLAY
bindkey $mod+x workspace $WORKSPACE_X
bindkey $mod+Shift+x move to workspace $WORKSPACE_X

This will show the the workspace name as "[GLYPH]" with font UnDotum, the markup will not be shown. Replace [GLYPH] with whatever text you want. I strongly suggest using variables for workspace names in order to ensure the exact same name and markup on all occurences.


Error on boot: no such partition grub rescue

What I would if I were you, based on the information your provided:

Boot from a live CD
Back-up my data
Format the hard drive
Reinstall Windows in BIOS mode
Reinstall Ubuntu in BIOS mode
Restore my data


just found it. If I run crontab -e, I can search with ctrl+w.

thanks for the help


Use the commands:

getent group groupname

or

getent group groupname | awk -F: '{print $4}'


CIFS - Default security mechanism requested (Mounted Share)

Add sec=ntlmv2 to your line in fstab like so:

//192.168.0.10/D$/ /mnt/winshare/ cifs user,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777,rw,gid=1000,sec=ntlmv2,credentials=/root/creds 0 0

I had the same issue for a long time, finally fixed it today.


What is the "Alternative Characters Key"?

muru's comment answers the question:

  Alternative Characters Key is another name for AltGr. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AltGr_key, help.ubuntu.com/community/ComposeKey (the article uses AltGr to get a Compose Key) – muru Mar 29 '16 at 17:33