How can I set up a Dynamic DNS fetching service on Ubuntu Server?

Setting up ddclient for No-IP

ddclient is a Dynamic Update Client (DUC) which can be used to update dynamic DNS entries. It checks the current IP address at regular intervals and updates the DNS information when a change is detected. Here is how to install and configure it for the No-IP (noip.com/no-ip.com) service.

First, install the ddclient package. We will configure it manually later, so just press enter for all configuration questions.

sudo apt-get install ddclient

Stop the ddclient daemon. The sudo service ddclient stop command does not work on Ubuntu 12.04 due to a bug, so we use pkill instead.

sudo pkill ddclient

Edit the config files. To turn off the backup files (e.g. /etc/ddclient.conf~) which gedit creates by default and which could for example contain passwords after you thought you had deleted them, turn off the setting
Edit -> Preferences -> Editor -> Create a backup copy of files before saving.

sudo gedit /etc/ddclient.conf /etc/default/ddclient

Delete the old content of /etc/ddclient.conf and paste in the template shown below.

Read through the comments of the template and customize the file to your needs.

It could be a good idea to use a noip.com sub-account, i.e. a group with password (this feature is a pay-service). This way, the password only gives access to updating the specified hosts and not full access to your entire No-IP account, which could include MX records (an attacker which acquires your password could change the MX records in order to intercept your e-mails) or other services such as IMAP accounts.

You should probably set daemon_interval=3600 (see template comments).

Test your configuration with the following command:

sudo ddclient -daemon=0 -debug -verbose -noquiet -force

You should get a good (IP address updated) or nochg (IP address was already set to that value) response. It is OK to receive the following warning at this point (but it is not OK to keep getting the warning during normal operation):

WARNING:  updating <hostname>: nochg: No update required; unnecessary attempts to change to the current address are considered abusive

Note: There seems to be some caching going on at the No-IP server, so if the response you get from the server is not what you expect, it might help to just wait a little while.

When you are done configuring, start the ddclient daemon:

sudo service ddclient start

The daemon will also start automatically each time you start the computer.

The DNS entry/entries will now be updated each time an IP address change is detected.

Troubleshooting

Run package configuration again:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure ddclient

Remove package and config files:

sudo apt-get purge ddclient

Daemon control:

sudo service ddclient status
sudo service ddclient start
sudo service ddclient stop
# The stop command above does not work on Ubuntu 12.04 due to a bug, but
# it works on 14.04. Here are alternative ways to control the daemon:
ps -A f | grep -i ddclient
sudo pkill ddclient

Delete the cache to trick the daemon into updating the DNS entry for debugging purposes (during normal operation the DNS entry is only updated if the current IP address is different from the IP address stored in the cache):

sudo pkill ddclient
sudo rm /var/cache/ddclient/ddclient.cache
sudo service ddclient start
# See the result:
tail /var/log/syslog
# If you have set up mail=..., you should also receive an e-mail.
# The syslog and e-mail should show a "good" or "nochg" response.

Test whether the daemon will actually update the DNS entry when the IP address has changed, by setting the DNS entry IP address to 1.2.3.4 and then starting the daemon:

sudo pkill ddclient
sudo ddclient -daemon=0 -debug -verbose -noquiet -force -use ip -ip 1.2.3.4
sleep 30   # ddclient will not perform updates less than 30 seconds apart
sudo service ddclient start

Debug run (update DNS entry never / as needed / always):

sudo ddclient -daemon=0 -debug -verbose -noquiet -noexec
sudo ddclient -daemon=0 -debug -verbose -noquiet
sudo ddclient -daemon=0 -debug -verbose -noquiet -force

Try to detect current IP address using various methods:

sudo ddclient -query

Files of interest:

/etc/ddclient.conf
/etc/default/ddclient
/var/cache/ddclient/ddclient.cache

Messages from the daemon will appear here (and will also be sent by e-mail if set up to do so):

/var/log/syslog

Documentation:

ddclient -help
/usr/share/doc/ddclient/examples/sample-etc_ddclient.conf.gz
ddclient home page
No-IP protocol

Template for /etc/ddclient.conf

################################################################################
# Configuration file for ddclient
################################################################################

################################################################################
# Misc. configurations

# To choose between ipup mode (for dial-on-demand) and daemon mode, please edit
# /etc/default/ddclient.

#mail=root           # E-mail messages to this address
#mail-failure=root   # E-mail messages about failed updates to this address

################################################################################
# How to obtain current IP address

# Methods:
#   use=ip, ip=ADDRESS                                   # Set the IP address to ADDRESS
#   use=if, if=INTERFACE, if-skip=PATTERN                # Obtain IP address by calling 'ifconfig INTERFACE'
#   use=web, web=PROVIDER|URL, web-skip=PATTERN          # Obtain IP address from IP discovery web page
#   use=cmd, cmd=PROGRAM, cmd-skip=PATTERN               # Obtain IP address by calling PROGRAM
#   use=fw|FWMODEL, fw=ADDRESS|URL, fw-skip=PATTERN      # Obtain IP address from firewall web page
#                   fw-login=LOGIN, fw-password=SECRET
#
# The *-skip options can be used to skip IP addresses found before PATTERN.
#
# NOTE: The ddclient IP detection routines do not respect the HTTPS prefix in
# URLs, and instead fall back to HTTP (this is fixed in version 3.8.1). The
# option ssl=yes does not apply to the IP detection either (this is at least
# how versions 3.8.0 to 3.8.2 behave).
#
# The default time between each IP address change check is daemon_interval=300
# (5 minutes), which may be a bit too frequent when using an external IP
# discovery service. To set the checking interval to e.g. one hour instead,
# please edit /etc/default/ddclient and set daemon_interval=3600.

# Obtain IP address from network interface
#use=if, if=eth0

# Obtain IP address from no-ip.com IP discovery web page (unencrypted connection)
use=web, web='http://ip1.dynupdate.no-ip.com:8245/'

# Obtain IP address from no-ip.com IP discovery web page (encrypted connection)
# Encryption does not offer any real protection since a man-in-the-middle
# attack could route the HTTPS connection through a host belonging to the
# attacker, thus causing an incorrect IP address to be reported.
#use=cmd, cmd='bash -c "set -o pipefail; timeout 120 wget -qO- \
#  --header=Host:ip1.dynupdate.no-ip.com https://dynupdate.no-ip.com/ | head -c 1000"'

################################################################################
# Dynamic DNS service setup

protocol=noip
#server=   # Defaults to dynupdate.no-ip.com for noip protocol
ssl=yes   # NOTE: Does not apply when obtaining IP address, just when updating the DNS entry!
login='nobody@nowhere.com'   # Username. For No-IP sub-accounts (groups with passwords), use '<groupname>%3A<username>'.
password='1234'

################################################################################
# Hosts to update, with optional per-host options

# Examples:
#   protocol=hammernode1, \
#   login='my-hn-login', password='my-hn-password' \
#   myhost.hn.org,myhost2.hn.org
#
#   login='group2%3Ajohndoe@domain.com', password='1234'   myhost3.no-ip.biz,myhost4.no-ip.biz
#
#   myhost.no-ip.biz,myhost2.no-ip.biz

my.full.hostname

Update: Encrypted connection to IP detection service is quite pointless. This is now explained in the ddclient.conf template and it now defaults to using unencrypted connection for IP detection.


I have not seen how to do this in the GUI itself. However, the GUI reads a profile file with settings for a specific comparison. On ubuntu (and MacOS for that matter), profile XXX is stored as ~/.unison/XXX.prf. Such profiles can be reused, e.g., to keep two paths synchronised, by selecting them consistently from the GUI. Typical profile content would include

root = /home/USER/some/path
root = /media/USER/external_hdd/some/path

where /home/USER/some/path and /media/USER/external_hdd/some/path are two paths that are to be kept in sync.

Regarding this question, I have a similar requirement but found a solution that works for me. Adding

times = true

in that file ensures that timestamps for files are maintained between the two roots when files are copied from one root to the other.

Many other command line options can be specified in this way, so the Unison GUI stays relatively simple but still has (most of?) the power of command line Unison.


Double check that you have the correct cpu architecture. It may need a PPC arch (Power PC)
If not 64-bit should work.


A quick look shows me that libreoffice can both save and open powerpoint template files, so I would assume that it is possible, and simply a case of doing what you'd do in powerpoint (editing the master,) and saving it accordingly.

I find 'ease' is a good tool for making higher quality presentations than libreoffice, but I can't confirm from here whether you can save them as powerpoint files.

http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/11/ease-clutter-presentation-app-linux-ubuntu/


No devices found when trying to use NVIDIA GPU

[ERROR] Cannot access secondary GPU - error: [XORG] (EE) No devices detected.

You need to edit the /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia (or /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nouveau if using the noveau driver) and specify the correct BusID by following the instructions therein.

your xorg.conf should look like this for example:

Section "Device"
    Identifier     "DiscreteNvidia"
    Driver         "nvidia"
    VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
    BoardName      "GeForce XXXXX"
    BusID          "PCI:2:0:0"
EndSection

find out and replace XXXX with your exact BoardName and BusID with command:

sudo nvidia-xconfig --query-gpu-info

After this restart sudo service lightdm restart or reboot will work.


google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb file could not be opened?

If you run

sudo dpkg -i <packagename>

and it fails because of dependencies, you can always try running apt-get with -f the "fix" it.

This usually works.

sudo apt-get -f --force-yes --yes install

If I recall correctly, dpkg actually logs what dependencies are missing and apt-get -f catches this and will try to install them. This do require, of course, that the dependencies are available in your currently configured repositories.


Is there a USB pedal solution for transcription?

I don't know of any pre-built pedals right off hand, but I did see this tutorial on how to build your own USB pedal.  Since it is just a modified USB keyboard, it would work fine on linux as well.  You could just assign the keyboard command you chose for the pedal to VLC or whatever playback software you are using.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3NxQ60E72k


Welcome to Askubuntu!
Have you tried to install dash-to-dock?
Edit: Glad this worked;

Set the "dash to panel" to ON.

Screenshot below:


Function keys work when I press fn key together with them

Look carefully at your keyboard - there is probably a "Fn lock" function. On mine there is a little padlock symbol on the ESC key, and Fn+ESC toggles Fn lock on/off. But if on a laptop think about keys like Ins, Del, Home, End as they might be on a Fn function if you toggle Fn lock.


Why remounting root file system takes a lot of time?

A remount can take a long time due to existing processes having an open file they were writing to before you remounted as read only.  It is best to close those processes before you remount as read only or create a ramdisk or some other location that they can map to, to allow them to work even over remounts.

Another possibility is your UUID changed.  Verify you have the right UUID in your fstab.  You can see what your UUIDs are by executing this command: sudo blkid

Hope this helps.


How do I remove a broken software source?

What version of ubuntu are you using? You tried to add the gusty repository which was from something like ubuntu 7.10. So open the dialog where you can change your software sources (depends on which ubuntu youre using).

Synaptic - Settings>Repositories>Other Sources
Software Centre - Edit>Software sources>Other Sources

Remove the medibuntu sources from the list. Then

sudo apt-get update

If you want to add medibuntu correctly then use this command

sudo -E wget --output-document=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/$(lsb_release -cs).list && sudo apt-get --quiet update && sudo apt-get --yes --quiet --allow-unauthenticated install medibuntu-keyring && sudo apt-get --quiet update


Installing Ruby On Rails stack on Ubuntu?

This is repeated question but simply you can follow these post that make your installation hassle free:

https://gorails.com/setup/ubuntu/15.10 -- Latest and usefull blog

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-install-ruby-on-rails-on-ubuntu-12-04-lts-precise-pangolin-with-rvm

http://ryanbigg.com/2010/12/ubuntu-ruby-rvm-rails-and-you/  -- Good blog post

http://installfest.railsbridge.org/installfest/  -- some extra stuff here you get


How can I recover from faulty 19.10 upgrade?

After many years using Ubuntu, this has been my most-difficult problem. 19.10 appears to be super-fragile. I have reinstalled 19.04. Once I'm convinced 19.10 is more stable, I'll retry it.


Is it possible to setup a DHCP server only for local virtual machines?

Take a look at dnsmasq - the man dnsmasq page says it does DHCP serving with static address assignments.


Unable to SSH into server until I've pinged it

You didn't clarify whether or not this happens locally on same lan, subnet or something else. If this happens locally it could be your SSH request doesn't reach the host due to bad switching or bad numbers in an ARP table somewhere. I would make sure to clear whatever tables client side and on hardware along the way. Make sure it's not networking before spending too much time debugging the server. (note: I really wanted to write this as a comment, but that wasn't possibly)


How do I get window title bars to stop glitching?

From the compiz wiki:

Windows Don't Update

When using the intel or ati driver with AIGLX, you may notice that all your windows seem to be frozen even as you interact with them. Nothing in any window updates until you rotate the cube or otherwise switch viewports.

Adding the following line to the Device section of your /etc/X11/xorg.conf file should fix the problem:

Option "XAANoOffscreenPixmaps" "true"

I had the same problem, and this worked for me. You probably already have an xorg.conf.failsafe file; modify and save it as xorg.conf


When a web browser opens a magnet link, that causes it to open the application needed to access the content offered through the link. For bittorrent magnet links, it opens your bittorrent application,

So configuring Opera for magnet links does not eliminate the need to have a bittorrent client. You need one, unless Opera is able to act as a bittorrent client itself. I do not believe this is the case, though it's imaginably possible that such a feature could be added in a later version. (You would still not be able to open a torrent magnet link without a bittorrent client though; this would just mean that your web browser was also your bittorrent client.)


ext2/3/4 filesystems have a certain percentage of blocks reserved for a
"privileged" user; a filesystem might appear as "almost full" yet only
root can write to it.  My guess is that you are hitting this limit.

By default 5% of the total filesystem size is reserved for the root
user.  Both the reserved percentage and the "privileged" user can be
changed with the tune2fs command.

To change the percentage of reserved blocks to 1%, run (as root):

tune2fs -m 1 /dev/your_disk_partition_device

You can also set the reserved blocks percentage to 0, thus effectively
disabling this feature on a certain partition.

To change the privileged user, run (as root):

tune2fs -u username /dev/your_disk_partition_device

More details on both options on the tune2fs man page.


Mount VirtualBox SharedFolder in Ubuntu VM on boot

Auto-mount shared folders using Virtual Box Manager
From Virtual Box > 4.0 we are able to auto mount shared folders in a virtual machine. To do so for Ubuntu we

need to install Guest Additions in the guest OS
make sure users are in group vboxsf
define shared folders from the Virtual Box Manager

Right click on your virtual machine and choose Settings->Shared Folders. This will list existing shares or lets you define a new shared folde by clicking on the blue folder icon with the green +-sign on the top right side:

Choose your folder from the dropdown menu Folder path or choose Define other for a file selector that lists the host filesystem. Choose a name for the share (e.g. myshares). By ticking Auto-mount this folder will always be mounted in the Ubuntu guest directory /media/sf_myshares (the prefix sf_ will automatically be added).

Alternatively, to define shared folders in a running guest OS we may select Devices -> Shared Folders from the window menu of Virtual Box Manager:

By ticking Make Permanent these shared folders will also be available on the next boot and will be mounted when Auto-mount is ticked in addition.


Fail to install Ubuntu 18.04 from USB to a brand new Acer Swift 1

This looks like some thermal issue with an overheating cpu core
But, Intel community forum shows that those issues are often caused by faulty bios microcodeAnd be solved by upgrading or downgrading the bios firmware...
That is what you should try first.


I think if you create the liveusb stick with the 'use extra space as writable storage' (I forget the exact label) you will be able to install new packages into that instance.  That's probably the simplest solution until you get your hard drive replaced.


Installing Ubuntu and problem with boot loader (Trying with Try Ubuntu 14.04 version)

There is a direct command bcdedit /set "{bootmgr}" path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi to show grub menu on boot, but to execute, you need access to Windows OS.

The steps are:

Boot into Windows OS
Combine Windows + r together and type cmd to open command prompt.
Type bcdedit /set "{bootmgr}" path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi and hit Enter

P.S : To get dual boot working fine on my dell laptop, I took help of this link dual boot windows and ubuntu and I followed above steps too for setting up the grub menu and it worked.

I would advice you to crosscheck your process with the above mentioned link. It will help you understand if you are missing something during the installation process just in case.


How to change mount options with terminal?

Boot the computer into recovery mode

Select root in the menu, so you can open the shell.

then run the following command.

mount -o rw,remount /

When you have done this, you can try run the command to fix the issues.

PS! Remember backups important stuff first ;)


"GNOME Tweaks" not in Ubuntu 20.04 Software App

It should be in the Ubuntu Software app from the name "Tweaks". If you can't see it, make sure that Community-maintained free and open-source software (universe) is enabled.
You can alternatively use the commands (after making sure universe is on):
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

to get Gnome Tweaks
After your comment,

If you can't see a Desktop folder in Home, create a new folder in Home and rename it Desktop.
If the folder doesn't automatically change the icon to the correct one, Type sudo gedit ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs. Change the value of the line that says XDG_DESKTOP_DIR= to "$Home/Desktop". So, in the end, the line looks like XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"


How do I install my printer with Ubuntu?

There are over 1000+ printers supported natively in Ubuntu (or for that matter any other up-to-date distribution). The 1000 supported printers is a little bit short since Linux supports A LOT more.

The steps to get your printer working in 99% of the cases is (Follow the instructions precisely to the point. Step by step without jumping any steps):

Step 1 - Turn Printer ON (If not already done)

Step 2 - Connect Printer cable to Printer (If not already done)

Step 3 - Connect other end of Printer cable to Computer with Ubuntu

Step 4 - Enjoy! ;)

NOTE - In the case your printer is not automatically found and configured go to System Settings -> Printers and click on the Add button to look for it manually. This method supports USB and Network printers on the same LAN. It also supports looking for the correct drivers for the printer, downloading them and basic configuration in the moment of installation.

I can show you a small percent of supported printers here:

http://www.cups.org/ppd.php

but this list is out-of-date and needs some serious refresh since many of the ones I use are not listed there.

Another great source is http://www.openprinting.org/printers which lets you quickly look in a LONGGGGG list of printers. I recommend searching by the manufaturer and then the model because trying to look for list of the manufacturer (second option below) will take a long time and since I am saying there are a lot of printers already literally plug n' play for linux then the list will be huge. I tried HP and lost count.

If this is not enough HP offers a one click software for Ubuntu to support a little over 2000+ HP printers here: http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/index.html. Note that many of them are already supported but you will get enhance support like Ink Level notices and better control for the printer for specific stuff for it.

You can even find from companies like HP, Epson an Canon an option to actually install the needed drivers from their sites. When you try to install some of the printers from this guys, if the driver is not on your Ubuntu version, you will get an option to download and install it. A case is the Epson L555 which downloads from Epson and supports Wireless printing, Wireless scanning and finding the printer on the LAN.

UPDATE - Added site list to search for the 2000+ HP printers easier: http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/supported_devices/index.html


I experienced the same problem and I have written a post about the solution I found here. Basically what I did was this:

Open the file /etc/pulse/default.pa by typing the following in a terminal:

gksudo gedit /etc/pulse/default.pa

Change the line that says

load-module module-udev-detect

into

load-module module-udev-detect ignore_dB=1

Save and close the file.

Restart pulseaudio by typing the following in a terminal:

pulseaudio -k

Now open alsamixer:

alsamixer

Then lower the PCM volume to a decent level (I set mine to about 50 %). After doing this, changing the volume using the volume keys or volume slider won't reset the settings for PCM in alsamixer and will let you keep the lowest threshold of the volume a as low as you'd like. This will also keep the volume intervals smaller. The only negative effect is that you won't get as much sound out of your speakers without headphones unless you change back the PCM settings in alsamixer again.

I can't guarantee that this will work on your system, but it did work nicely on mine.


One security advantage of disabling root and creating a non root user who is able of using sudo is protecting your server against brute force attacks which are trying to guess your "root" password.

As Rinzwind stated that, which one do you think is more secure?

Root account + Hard to guess password
A custom username + Hard to guess password

The other and more important advantage is that when you have only one root user, everything you are running is being run with the power of "root" which has access to do everything so running a wrong command or making a simple mistake has the potential of destroying your server.

Simply by creating a non root user:

You aren't giving out your root password!
You are able to define who can do what!
You can audit who did what!
You are minimizing the possibility of running a wrong or dangerous command with root access.

And also remember that if somebody has physical access to the server, He or she is able to do almost whatever he/she wants to the server unless everything is encrypted on that server.


Can you provide more detail? For example, do you see the boot message of the bios, like it is an HP or ... If so can you boot into a live session by using the live cd or usb zou used to install ubuntu? If so may be just the grub boot loader is f...ed up, which you can recover using the information provided by the following link.

how to restore grub

Just type the commands into the terminal and you should be fine.

good luck


How to write client to server app for Ubuntu?

There are several languages available to write programs in under Linux. Mono may be a good start for you as you are more familiar with the windows world.

GTK (using c++ or python) seem to be very popular these days. There is always java. QT is pretty good and it works in most anything, C++ being what I see the most.

All in all you need to start by picking a language, and there are many to choose from. There is no "best" language, but, if you don't use Java or Mono, then your going to want to choose a widget set that works cross platform. QT and GTK work on most everything.

So pick a widget set by looking at QT and GTK and seeing which style looks better to you to code in (again tons of differences here, QT is more of a stack and GTK is more "just widgets" for example).

Next pick a language that integrates well with the widgets you chose. Make sure to keep in mind cross platform compatibility.

Finally, I would suggest you start re-writing your windows version first. So your only learning a new language and stack and not having to relearn core OS stuff.  Then you can port that code over to Linux. If you kept an eye on cross platfom compatibility, it should not be too much of a big deal.

When finished you will have a code base, that can be compiled or whatever to give you an application that will run on Linux, Mac, Windows, mobile phones, toaster ovens, and car speedometers.

Also don't be afraid to look at current open source projects, and leverage them. Could your chat program exist as a plugin in pidgen? (for example) If it could your project just got easier and your product better.


First you need to create a new unallocated space(let's say 50 gb for Ubuntu) on Windows 10 using Disk Managment. After that try with the Live Usb Option the same step that you did to install Ubuntu. If you want to make different partitions then select Something else and follow this guide How to use manual partitioning during installation? . If not then choose Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 10 and Ubuntu automatically will do it for you.


After I export a GIMP image from XCF to JPG, will my comments from the GIMP image still show up?

You have not said which version of Gimp you are using but in my version (2.10.18) I can open an image and view the metadata by choosing menu option Image -> Metadata -> View Metadata so use that function to see what metadata your exported image has.
And when you export to JPG there are options on the export window Save Exif data / Save XMP data / Save IPTC data if you don't want any metadata in the exported image then un-check those boxes.


I tried the following command and it worked

sudo dpkg-scanpackages . /dev/null | gzip -c9 > Packages.gz


Sending the {Return} key in a script file?

In this particular case, you want the -y flag added. From man add-apt-repository:

  -y, --yes Assume yes to all queries


The following script does what you asked:

#!/usr/bin/perl

my $user="user";
my $encrypted;
my $userno=1;
my $userstogenerate=6;

sub encryptingPsw {
  my $psw = shift;
  my $count = shift;
  my @salt = ('.', '/', 'a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', '0'..'9');
  my $salt = "";
  $salt.= $salt[rand(63)] foreach(1..$count);
  crypt($psw, $salt);
}

for ($userno;$userno<$userstogenerate;$userno++) {
    print "User name $userno: ";
    chomp (my $user = <STDIN>);
    $encrypted = &encryptingPsw('passwd', 4);
    print "sudo useradd -p '$encrypted'  $user\n";
    @array = `echo "Username: " $user "Password: " $encrypted >> users.txt`;
}
@array = `cat users.txt | lpr`;

New users and their passwords are written in users.txt file. If you have attached at the machine a printer, the file will users.txt be printed. If not, an error will appear in this sense.


How to install and configure the latest ODBC driivers for both MYSQL & PostgreSQL in 18.04

You should always periodically copy your production environment to a test environment for user training and a development environment for yourself. You don't want your trials and errors effecting production (the company's bottom line) or user training (they are already enough challenge day to day without messing up their world).

That said, here are some newer ODBC (Open Database Connection) tutorials for you:

April 11, 2019 Connect to PostgreSQL Database on Linux, Windows
August 16, 2019 MySQL show status: How to show open database connections


Xorg previous version installation steps required

You can get older version of applications from here
for xorg


You edit the /etc/hosts file to contain fully qualified hostname:

74.91.123.215 mail.dbatease.com mail

That should made the trick


You might need to install the package btrfs-tools . This should enable integration with gparted and etc.


VirtualBox install on Lubuntu 15.04 fails

Your error indicates that gcc - the GNU C Compiler - is not present on your system.  To get it, you should install build-essential which is a meta package which will pull in the compiler and most of the standard libraries it needs for compiling things as dependencies.

Run this command to install it: sudo apt-get install build-essential


Having trouble configuring Code:Blocks to work

Open the Ubuntu Software Center, search for g++ (GNU C++ compiler) and install it if it has not already been installed. g++ is an optional package for Code::Blocks. Code::Blocks depends on either g++ or gcc in Ubuntu 14.04, and you can also install both g++ and gcc.

Code::Blocks will automatically detect the path to the g++ executable without any  configuration required.


Found a solution:

cat << END > /etc/pam.d/groupmems
#%PAM-1.0
auth            sufficient      pam_rootok.so
account         required        pam_permit.so
password        include         system-auth(common-password)
END

I guess the 'pam_rootok.so' allows me to modify groups w.o. password as root:

root@19..:~# groupmems -g adm -a uucp
root@19..:~# grep adm /etc/group
adm:x:4:uucp

thanks to https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/PAM_Integration#groupmems
for solution


Cronjob: Deleting the oldest file with at least 50GB while keeping 2 files in the directory

untested on my machine, as I don't have large files, or file I want deleting ... YMMV
I'm excluding the basename $keepfile in the second find statement, in the hopes that your files are uniquely named.
if they're not uniquely named, you'll probably want to replace head -n 2 | tail -1 with head -3 | tail -1 ... but that will always delete the oldest file.
If this system is for log rotation, you might be better off looking at syslog.conf, and adding in these files for automatic rotation and cleanup.
keepfile=`find . -type f -size +50G -printf '%T+ %p\n' | sort -r | head -n 2 | tail -1 | awk '{print $NF}'`

find . -type f -size +50G ! -newer $keepfile ! -name `basename $keepfile` -exec rm {} \; -print


Can you have two or more .wine installs or wine .desktops?

Yes you can. The magic word is Wineprefixes, see here:
https://wiki.winehq.org/FAQ#Wineprefixes
There's also a GUI solution called playonlinux (name is misleading, it's not only for games). You can use it to manage wineprefixes, wine versions, create launchers etc.


I used this commands and was able to reinstall pdftk without this library bug:

cd /tmp
# download packages
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-6/libgcj17_6.4.0-8ubuntu1_amd64.deb \
    http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-defaults/libgcj-common_6.4-3ubuntu1_all.deb \
    http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pdftk/pdftk_2.02-4build1_amd64.deb \
    http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pdftk/pdftk-dbg_2.02-4build1_amd64.deb
echo -e "Packages for pdftk downloaded\n\n"
# install packages
echo -e "\n\n Installing pdftk: \n\n"
sudo apt-get install ./libgcj17_6.4.0-8ubuntu1_amd64.deb \
    ./libgcj-common_6.4-3ubuntu1_all.deb \
    ./pdftk_2.02-4build1_amd64.deb \
    ./pdftk-dbg_2.02-4build1_amd64.deb
echo -e "\n\n pdftk installed\n"
echo -e "   try it in shell with: > pdftk \n"
# delete deb files in /tmp directory
rm ./libgcj17_6.4.0-8ubuntu1_amd64.deb
rm ./libgcj-common_6.4-3ubuntu1_all.deb
rm ./pdftk_2.02-4build1_amd64.deb
rm ./pdftk-dbg_2.02-4build1_amd64.deb


Windows Ubuntu: "no such file or directory" message when running from .bash_profile file but not from terminal

You are not supposed to quote a command. Write it thus:

function passwords {
     case "$1" in
          'update')
               sudo vim ~/../passwords.sh;;
           *)
               sudo bash ~/../passwords.sh;;
     esac
}


This line is called a shebang and it tells the kernel which interpreter to use on the script.

For example, if a script is named with the path path/to/script, and it starts with the line #!/bin/sh, then the program loader is instructed to run the program /bin/sh, passing path/to/script as the first argument.

In your instance, the kernel will use whatever /usr/bin/python points to (I think it is by default python3.6).


I've had the same problem with Dell Inspiron i7559-763BLK this morning.

I think it is not related to dual boot or hardware fault.

As I understand this problem is related to one of the kernel modules which was built for earlier kernel version. After kernel upgrade you need to rebuild this module or install newer version.

Check what kernel modules you have installed last week with your software (e.g. drivers).

In my case upgrading to a newer nvidia drivers solved the issue.

What I did is reboot in recovery mode, uninstalled the nvidia proprietary drivers, and installed the latest one from graphics-drivers ppa:

sudo apt purge nvidia-*
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt full-upgrade
sudo apt install nvidia-378
sudo reboot


Why does the formatting of PPTX files change when opened in LibreOffice?

Short answer – no there isn't, and it will probably never be. The reason is both technical and political (hence e.g. the ongoing open document discussion at EU level), and is far to extensive to cover here. I can say this though: Microsoft's pptx, docx etc is also open standards, but in reality Microsoft is the only one who can make changes to it. You should either:

Stick to the open format which LibreOffice supports much better(.odp)
Use Office Online https://products.office.com/en-us/office-online/documents-spreadsheets-presentations-office-online


I guess the problem is within your proxy settings. I've had this issue.

Try disabling  the proxy completely in the system. I mean the firefox has specific proxy settings. Try disabling that. Also disable proxy in your system settings.

For chrome try this in terminal for open with disabled proxy:

google-chrome --no-proxy-server

Try pinging in terminal to check connection:

ping 8.8.8.8

Edit:
From the Discussion. It is figured out that that problem is with the DNS configuration in the linux system. Enter this:

sudo mv /etc/resolv.conf /etc/backup.resolv.conf

This would solve the problem.
References:
1
2
3
4
5


How can I play a DVD-A (DVD-Audio) disc?

The problem is that it will play as a DVD in a DVD player like VLC or M player even if you get the right codecs installed, I used Audio Extraction, well to extract the 24 bit 96000Hz music files which can be played by Winamp which has support for 24/96000 5.1 Flac,

Though the problem with Ubuntu is that everything is downmixed to 44000Hz well this is the problem in Ubuntu 10.10.


Depending if you are running a server or not, there are different options to assist you to block IPs. There is a good tutorial on now to block IPs HERE.

Also you can:

See http://bodhizazen.com/Tutorials/iptables#Additional_Tips (scroll down to "Use iptables to reject/block failed connections").
Securing your server, varies by server, for ssh see - http://bodhizazen.com/Tutorials/SSH_security
Using a service such as fail2ban.

There are multiple measures you can take to improve security (this is a short list).See any of the various security guides for more information

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BasicSecurity

https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/security.html

In part from bodhi.zazen's answer to my post HERE.


As you are root you shouldn't need sudo to run the command. Try running the commands without sudo as in apt-get install apache2 for example.

Source: experience


Does not give me the option to run alongside another operating system

You did not mention which windows version you have. How many partitions in your computer?.

If windows system partition is in some other partition other than C: drive ubuntu installer will not detect Windows OS.
If windows system is in C: drive. Open windows disk management and shrink C drive around 50GB and leave the 50GB disk space as unallocated(Don't format the free space).
If Windows disk management not allowed to shrink C: drive around 50GB then use Easeus Partition Master free tool. you can download from this link:http://download.cnet.com/Easeus-Partition-Master-Free-Edition/3000-2248_4-10863346.html
Now run the ubuntu installer. I hope you will get the option "Install alongside windows".
If you are done, Just reply it will be helpful for others and don't forget to click star.


That configuration is for general use, you have gateway or  machine that get time from Internet. It is ok, if you are having an isolated network. So:

Server ntp: Don't care about server IP. (You laptop in this case)

Verify the you have ntp UDP port open:

~$ sudo netstat -ulp | grep :ntp
udp        0      0 10.0.2.15:ntp           *:*                                 3437/ntpd
udp        0      0 localhost:ntp           *:*                                 3437/ntpd
udp        0      0 *:ntp                   *:*                                 3437/ntpd
udp6       0      0 fe80::b265:8d33:8fd:ntp [::]:*                              3437/ntpd
udp6       0      0 ip6-localhost:ntp       [::]:*                              3437/ntpd
udp6       0      0 [::]:ntp                [::]:*                              3437/ntpd

or using sudo netstat -ulpn | grep :123

If you have a firewall, allow packets to port 123.
Client ntp: Change its ntp server to your laptop IP.

Default installation sync using ntpdate on network connection up:

/etc/default/ntpdate

If you setup ntp daemon, then change it here too:

/etc/ntp.conf

Verify connection to server:

~$ sudo ntpdate 91.189.94.4
 8 Jul 17:42:30 ntpdate[8968]: adjust time server 91.189.94.4 offset 0.003846 sec


“mdadm: Duplicate MD device names in conf file where found."

I found the answer I was looking for on this:

update-initramfs -u -v

I rebooted and the server came back up without dropping to Busybox/intramfs.


Setting up graphics cards on Razer Blade 2019 with Ubuntu 18.04 - Loading NVIDIA driver when needed

It's possible. Just install nvidia driver >=435.17 & Xorg >= 1.20.7 & uninstall bumblebee.
Ubuntu 19.04 and 18.04 officially support it. You need to install this ppa.
To run with dGPU use prime-run vlc
Note :- If you have desktop optimus is gumarbage.


My answer is similar to others.
Clonezilla, Lsoft Active,

as well as other software out there.
Boot from USB or Optical Media, Active has disk checker and other utilities, back up data to external hard drive while in the utility software.
Replace HDD, reinstall OS.
As mentioned, you can clone the drive, but in this case where the drive might be failing, and if it has bad sectors, if you clone it, you will clone the bad sectors.
I'd just back the data up, replace hard drive, reinstall OS / Software / Drivers / Etc... then restore data. In the long run, safest bet.


How to find python installation directory on Ubuntu

First question:

which python though its usually /usr/bin/python for the 2.7

Second question:

From a terminal & python2.7: python2.7 yourfile.py.Simailarly for 3.2: python3.2 yourfile.py though 3.2 isn't installed by default. (You can apt-get install python3.2.)

What python yourfile.py will do depends on which alternative is used for your python interpreter. You can change that by issuing update-alternatives python as root (or by using su).

Third question:

Environment variables are shell dependent, though you can write them out with echo $variable and set them with variable=value (from bash). The search path is simply called PATH and you can get yours by typing echo $PATH.

I hope this was helpful.


docker run ubuntu /bin/bash vs docker run ubuntu

Docker images can can specify that a certain command is to be run by default, using the CMD directive in the Dockerfile. And:

  If the user specifies arguments to docker run then they will override the default specified in CMD.

As it happens, the default command specified for the Ubuntu Dockerfile is, in fact, bash:

CMD ["/bin/bash"]

So, for the specific case of the Ubuntu image, docker run ... ubuntu /bin/bash is no different from docker run ... ubuntu.

Of course, this needn't be true always. A Dockerfile for a database engine may run the database command by default. In that case, if you needed an interactive shell, you'll need to do docker run ... /bin/bash.

In general, you can't assume that docker run will give you an interactive shell. It's safer to specify /bin/bash if you need a shell.


Yes. In Virtual Box you can share any directory on your Linux native system; it will be seen by the Windows guest as a network share.

No need for NTFS, then. I use this setup to run MS Office.

However, before you dump Windows in favor of a Windows guest within an Ubuntu host, first make sure that the experience is as good as in native Windows. I have a very good experience with MS Office (in my view, it runs smoother and quicker in Windows guest in Ubuntu than the native Ubuntu LibreOffice), but YMMV. Also, it needs enough RAM (1 GB was definitely not sufficient).

I strongly advise to first install Ubuntu on a second partition, side by side with Windows, install Virtualbox, Windows and your programs, and try to work with that for a while. Then you will see whether this setup works. If not, you will be able to go back to Windows.


HP Pavilion G6 1209 temperature higher than usual and fan working in 11.10

After some researching and refering to the above link posted by hekiko81 my status is as following :
After using only hekiko81's solution the system would boot but without fancy 3d effects and when I 'fglrxinfo' to get details about current VGA i get the following :

  Error of failed request:  BadRequest (invalid request code or no such operation)
  Major opcode of failed request:  136 (GLX)
  Minor opcode of failed request:  19 (X_GLXQueryServerString)
  Serial number of failed request:  12
  Current serial number in output stream:  12

So my conclusion is that ati drivers aren't properly installed.

This is error was due failed ATI proprietary drivers downloaded from official amd page. (Installed correctly). I thought then that using ATI drivers isn't the best idea since I have an integrated intel HD 3000 (sandy bridge) GPU (with ATI AMD Radeon HD 6470M). So I reinstalled ubuntu 11.10 and did the following to solve the problem :
1. I used Intel integrated drivers

since all eye candies worked well with integrated gpu i stuck with it (used default ubuntu open drivers)
2. Followed this guide from Ubuntu Forums

I used only 1. and 2. (a,b) in this tutorial :

1. Apply PCIE_ASPM

(Source: Phoronix)

As everyone suggested adding this for laptops to have longer battery life. I edited /etc/default/grub as

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pcie_aspm=force i915.i915_enable_rc6=1 i915.i915_enable_fbc=1"

and then running

$ sudo update-grub

Note: I previously had added acpi_osi=Linux pci=noacpi (on worst condition of black screen), which I think is no more required, because the computer boots on to GUI without them. Above command enables power management, sandy bridge support (rc6) and frame buffer compression.<br/>

2. Apply Support for Hybrid Graphics

(Source: Linux Hybrid Graphics)

For those of you who don't have two graphics card this step is not required. In Ubuntu 11.04 I had bug while installing this, so I could not run vgaswitcheroo/switch

a. Install acpi_call
$ sudo apt-get install git
$ cd /tmp
$ git clone https://github.com/mkottman/acpi_call.git
$ cd acpi_call
$ make
$ sudo insmod acpi_call.ko
$ lscpi -vnnn | grep VGA # Check status here
$ ./test_off.sh # Check for any line that says "it works"
$ lspci -vnnn | grep VGA # Check with result of above

b. byo-switheroo (Unplug the ac-cord and see if it changes the battery life)

$ git clone https://github.com/awilliam/asus-switcheroo.git
$ cd asus-switcheroo
$ make
$ sudo make install-ubuntu
$ sudo su -
# cat /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch
# echo OFF > /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch

It is temporary. If you have two graphics cards next time you boot, you will see both cards have Pwr set. If you want this to be permanent add the discrete card (e.g ati as blacklist). This settings will only enable the default intel card and disable other card. I haven't found yet a solution to flawlessly switch intel and ati cards. The better solution would be ati card using dedicated applications via catalyst control center.

$ sudo vi /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Add a line at last

blacklist radeon

Then edit /etc/rc.local as
$ vi /etc/rc.local

Make the part after comments look like this

modprobe radeon
echo OFF > /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch

exit 0

3.Followed this guide
*Kudos to heiko81 ;)
Jupiter will show up in your notification bar. Click it and go to performance modes -> power saver, for lower temps.

4.Restart
Temperature will lower for sure, about 50 when idle and 55 when busy.
Conclusion (the Trick)
The trick was to utilize the following command

echo OFF > /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch

to lower the temperature of cpu and to slow down the fan. (to enable this permanently go back to step 2). When you enable this your GPU temperature reading will disappear (shows -128c) but when you restart it will measure GPU as usual.
BONUS
For measuring temperature I advise you to use XSensors (sudo apt-get install XSensors) and calibrate your sensors with sensors-detect
That is pretty it. Give me feedback on this solution, it worked for me on HP Pavilon g6, it gave me severe headache though. In the end my temperatures where 43-45 when idle; 48-55(60 when using much resources).

I took a few screenshots while writing this :


Nevermind. It was an easy fix - just changed the port to 8080.


The following worked for me.

First, open a terminal (press Windows key -> gnome-terminal).  Then run the following commands:

# Assuming you downloaded the .tar.gz file from litecoin.org
# to ~/Downloads...
cd ~/Downloads
tar -zxf litecoin.*.tar.gz
cd litecoin-0.15.1
bin/litecoin-qt


I have workarounds.
Method 1
1. press < esc > during boot2. press F9
3. select ubuntu from menu4. Here is the Grub ...But this is not ideal.

Method 2

Set next EFI boot in .profile as my Ubuntu drive

...
echo "rootpassword" | sudo -S efibootmgr -n 0002 #my ubuntu address for next boot
...

Unfortunately sudo does not work in .profile - substitute YOUR root password ...
So every time I log into Ubuntu, my next boot is the grub boot, however this does not help me when I have logged into Win10 ...


Running Ubuntu Desktop 20.10 headless on Raspberry Pi 4 8Gb

Install x11vnc to access the default desktop.  However, if there is no physical monitor connected to the Pi the desktop won't start.  A work around is to connect an HDMI dummy adapter to make the Pi think there is a monitor connected.


More than one same apps in /usr/share/applications

The icons looking the same does not mean they are the same. Some of these will be launchers with different settings. The 3 names "Files" can have different locations they point to.

Nevertheless: these are merely desktop files. So you can remove them if you want. From command line:

cd /usr/share/applications/
sudo rm {desktop-file-to-remove}

How to identify the one to remove?

You can search for the file names by looking for the name it shows at the Icon. Example with "Files" from my system (I have 3 there):

/usr/share/applications$ grep Files *
nautilus.desktop:Name=Files
nautilus-folder-handler.desktop:Name=Files
org.gnome.Nautilus.desktop:Name=Files

Use more nautilus.desktop to view this desktop file and see if you can find out if it is a duplicate of the other desktop files it listed by comparing the files. You can also do a diff nautilus.desktop nautilus-folder-handler.desktop. It will list if there are differences between the 2 files.

Instead of removing them you should be moving them to another location. That way you can restore the desktop file if you remove the wrong one.


You have a wrong wireless driver installed. Connect to the internet by wire and run in terminal:

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

and reboot.


How to give a user with a limited shell, regular shell access?

If this is a shell defined in /etc/passwd (end of the user's line), use usermod -s to assign a unrestricted shell to them (for instance /bin/bash)


Reading network-manager password from another hdd

This might not be correct, but I'm at work and don't have my own systems to look it up on. Try this directory /home/userdir/.gconf/system/networking/connections If not, then it might just be in /home/userdir/.conf/system/networking/connections. I think it's something along the line of nm-settings.conf or just nm.conf. Good luck!!


How to set static IP address for Wi-Fi connection on Ubuntu phone?

As suggested you can modify

/etc/NetworkManager/system-settings

A quick Google search reveals this guide

With a text editor. This is in XML format, if you're unfamiliar don't be afraid. Skim through the whole thing, it's like a settings screen.

You need to determine which device is represented by your WiFi adapter.

ip addr show wlan0

Find your wifi connection information

ip route show

Look for the connection that is related to wlan0, this will show you both the SSID (wifi name) and the ip address assigned to the phone.

Get your DNS

getprop net.dns1

Keep all of this information handy as you'll need to write a configuration file.

Open terminal on your device as a superuser.

#cd /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections
#ls
# cat [name of wireless device wlan0]

This will list the formatting of the automatic wireless configuration that will made when you connected to your wifi network, use this as a base to make you static ip address assignment.

$sudo apt-get install vim
$sudo vim [name of wireless device wlan0]

Look in this file for the header that says [ipv6],hit 'i' to switch to insert mode, and change the line below it to show method=ignore

Move on to the header for [ipv4] and make the following changes:

[ipv4]
method=manual
address1=[staticIP/netmask],[default ip route]
dns=8.8.8.8;[your ISP's DNS address];

You can save these changes by hitting escape and typing :wq

Turn off wifi and turn it back on.


bash script to check website content by curl command

You're mostly there. Just fix your syntax:

if curl -s "$webserv" | grep "$keyword"
then
    # if the keyword is in the conent
    echo " the website is working fine"
else
    echo "Error"
fi

Note the then and fi.


How can I compile the OpenCL module for Pyrit?

This is the way I've finaly done it on Ubuntu Server 11.04

Install a minimal X11 environment:

aptitude install xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-video-ati lightdm unity-greeter openbox

Then, edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf and add the following (replacing YOUR_USER_NAME with the user you will be running hashcat as):

[SeatDefaults]
greeter-session=unity-greeter
user-session=openbox
autologin-user=YOUR_USER_NAME
autologin-user-timeout=0

Then add your username to the nopasswdlogin group:

usermod -a -G nopasswdlogin $USERNAME

Get build dependencies for Catalyst:

aptitude build-dep fglrx

Download and install Catalyst 12.8:

wget http://www2.ati.com/drivers/linux/amd-driver-installer-12-8-x86.x86_64.zip
unzip amd-driver-installer-12-8-x86.x86_64.zip
sh amd-driver-installer-8.982-x86.x86_64.run --uninstall=force
sh amd-driver-installer-8.982-x86.x86_64.run

Generate a new xorg.conf:

rm -f /etc/X11/xorg.conf*
amdconfig --adapter=all --initial

Make sure the DISPLAY env var is set:

echo 'export DISPLAY=:0' >>~/.bashrc

Reboot, and you should be all set.


Messy partitions: How do I fix my HDD and SSD partitions from a USB?

By reading my own question I got a new search term were I found my answer. I'm still posting this so people in my situation don't give up on their drives. You can download GParted iso file from Sourceforge (230MB) and use Rufus to "burn" it to you're USB. Follow directions here. Boot from the USB and resize the partitions with right file system.


How do I create a link to a .exe file who has the same behavior that I get in windows?

Try to put "wine " without the quotes before the command in the command text box in the launcher.

==============================================

Go to Applications->Wine->Programs-> and right click on a program and select Copy to Desktop (if there is no program, try installing 7-zip from 7-zip.org by setup - it will show up).

Then right click on the program on the Desktop and select Properties. By looking at the command in the lancher you can easily see how to create new launchers to other .exe programs.


Portable Ubuntu, how to auto install the correct ATI/Nvidia driver when booting?

What is the difference between having them "installed" and having them as a .tar ?

Having them "installed" is going to be easier as it then allows the kernel to select the correct driver and load the necessary driver as a kernel module, so, other then making a custom spin, your work is done.

Using an archive or tar may save some space, depending on the compression, but you will have to write a script. The script, and all necessary archives, would need to be in the initramfs, including the archives.

See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Initramfs.

Support for custom kernels and custom initramfs is somewhat limited here. If you have a specific question with a specific step of the process you might get an answer.


There is timeout command . Just place it before the command you want to run and add time limit. For example:

timeout 3 find  /

From info timeout documentation:

‘timeout’ runs the given COMMAND and kills it if it is still running
after the specified time interval.  Synopsis:

     timeout [OPTION] DURATION COMMAND [ARG]...

   COMMAND must not be a special built-in utility (*note Special
built-in utilities::).


I guess you have read the Wily release notes saying

AMD's fglrx driver does not work with the current kernel (1493888).
It is warmly recommended to uninstall the fglrx driver before upgrading to
Ubuntu 15.10.
The open source "radeon" driver can be used as a temporary replacement
until a fix is available.

Why else would you have removed fglrx before upgrade in the first place?

Either downgrade to Kernel 4.1 or use radeon until a fix of fglrx becomes available.

Bug report: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/fglrx-installer/+bug/1493888


How do I mount an SD card as read/write?

I once had a similar issue and the solution was to slide a little button on the card itself to switch between read only and read/write. This might not be the case for you but worth checking


Facing the same problem, it helped me to remove the snd-aloop line from the  /etc/modules-load.d/droidcam.conf file to avoid loading the loopback module on startup. After a reboot, the devices are gone.


Run the command

# seahorse

Then choose gnome click on Lock pad icon and set a password for it or enable.


First, please note that chktex (1.7.4-1ubuntu2) is available for Ubuntu 16.04 from the Universe repository.

The error appears to be because the relevant libraries are placed incorrectly in the gcc command line - see Why does the order in which libraries are linked sometimes cause errors in GCC?

Digging deeper, that can be traced back to the libraries apparently being added to LDFLAGS instead of LIBS

LIBS=-ltermcap -lpcreposix -lpcre
LDFLAGS=-lpcreposix -lpcre

so that the recipe

chktex: $(OBJS)
        $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o chktex $(OBJS) $(LIBS)

expands to

gcc -lpcreposix -lpcre -o chktex ChkTeX.o FindErrs.o OpSys.o Resource.o Utility.o -ltermcap

instead of the required

gcc -o chktex ChkTeX.o FindErrs.o OpSys.o Resource.o Utility.o -ltermcap -lpcreposix -lpcre

You can work around this by manually editing the Makefile, changing the lines to

LIBS=-ltermcap -lpcreposix -lpcre
LDFLAGS=


The problems you experienced I have had many time over. What I have done for to keep from having that same issue, I download the .iso files via a torrent. Once downloaded I make bootable flash drives and go from there.

I am not saying this is full-proof but it works for me about 98% of the time!


Installed Kernel 3.2.4 in Natty Cannot remove 2.6.38-13

Try this one-liner and see if it fixes it for you:

apt-cache rdepends packagename


Questions asked during update or upgrade

I don't know if you're talking about a normal upgrade, which you do about once a week - perhaps more often, or an upgrade from one major version to another, but the answer is the same for both:

Normally, no questions at all are asked

There are some, rare, cases (in both upgrades and release-upgrades), where a service or a post-install script will ask something, examples for this are

msttcorefonts asking you to accept the microsoft license agreement
mysql asking you to set up a root password

There also can be cases where you need to decide whether to keep an old configuration file or replace it with a new one. You will be asked to either replace, keep or compare, in any case - if you didn't change a configuration file manually, it's normally safe to replace it with the new one.

If a question is asked of you, and you really don't know what to do, just hit enter (or Y).The default option will almost certainly be sensible.


Closing the lid create an error with the wireless icon

sudo systemctl restart network-manager.service fixes the problem for me until the next time my computer goes into sleep mode.


Safety in using different software installation methods (simultaneously)

You are correct to assume that dpkg and apt are unaware of this extra software from pip or sudo make install. However, both installations do not aim into the same location in filesystem. Extra software from pip or sudo make install is installed in directories that have a higher priority (are earlier) in your $PATH

If you install packages from pip with the --user flag, without sudo, the packages will be installed to ~/.local/bin Packages installed with the sudo make install command will usually be installed to /usr/local/bin

If you run: echo $PATH you will see that these paths are listed before the standard directories that deb packages use so the manually installed packages are executed when you run a command. This helps to avoid conflict if the same package was also installed using apt or dpkg.

Therefore, you can keep your apt dependencies satisfied and you do not need to uninstall the apt version of cmake. This way, you can still call on the dpkg installed version of cmake in a script or the terminal by executing the full path: /usr/bin/cmake  Run the command: cmake to execute the sudo make install version.

The same goes for packages installed using pip. For example, if you installed youtube-dl through apt-get and then installed using: pip install youtube-dl --user, the pip version: ~/.local/bin/youtube-dl would execute instead of /usr/bin/youtube-dl.

You can have two conflicting versions installed and still use them both.

That is not to say that there will not be conflicts. Your system depends on certain packages like Python that may not run correctly if you change the system default version. Additionally, installing randomly downloaded software is considered less safe if you do not trust your sources. Manually downloaded software may also have bugs or security flaws and you must remember to manually update by downloading the software or using pip.


Do I have to specify the package version when reporting a bug with ubuntu-bug?

No, ubuntu-bug automatically adds it.

Take for example bug #819150 (a random bug). It has been created using ubuntu-bug and contains the following information:

ProblemType: Crash
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 11.10
Package: indicator-appmenu 0.2.91-0ubuntu2

The text that tells you to include the Ubuntu/package version in your report is the same text that is shown when you report bugs without using ubuntu-bug, that's why you are seeing it.

In fact, at the end of the list of what you need to provide, there's written:

  Most of this information is gathered when you use apport to report the bug. See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ReportingBugs for complete details.

Given that ubuntu-bug is part of Apport, that sentence means: “if you are using ubuntu-bug, you do not have to provide that stuff yourself”.


you answered your own question  "I fixed it so I can use the laptop when the lid is closed".  the computer is still running. closing the lid only turns off the screen, you can change this behavior in system setting.


I cannot guarantee this will work, but give it a try.

First, show all USB devices:

sudo lsusb -t

/:  Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/6p, 5000M
/:  Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/14p, 480M
    |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
    |__ Port 2: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
    |__ Port 2: Dev 3, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
    |__ Port 7: Dev 4, If 0, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M
    |__ Port 7: Dev 4, If 1, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M
    |__ Port 8: Dev 5, If 0, Class=Video, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M
    |__ Port 8: Dev 5, If 1, Class=Video, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M
/:  Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/2p, 480M
    |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/8p, 480M
/:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/2p, 480M
    |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/6p, 480M

You can then disable the wanted USB port on the root hub.

Disabling a port on the root hub means I can disable my webcam (uvcvideo) like this (bus 3, port 8):

echo '3-8' |sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/unbind

I can also re-enable it:

 echo '3-8' |sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/bind

Do this with caution, as inputting wrong numbers can disable your keyboard. Ideally, make sure you can still type if USB is turned off (for example, on a laptop you have a built-in keyboard)

As you are saying you are using a server, you could setup SSH to the machine to be able to type if the keyboard gets disactivated while trying this.

A reboot can probably solve a disabled keyboard as well.

As for disabling it on the fly just after booting, put these commands in a script (adapt to your own situation):

sleep 20 #try if this is needed, needs an increase etc
echo '3-8' |sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/unbind # detach device 1
echo '2-1' |sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/unbind # detach device 2
sleep 5
echo '3-8' |sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/bind # attach device 1
sleep 5
echo '2-1' |sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/bind # attach device 2


Doesn't Ubuntu 13.10 support the hostapd nl80211 driver?

It appears that in the new hostapd (2.0+) that is on the ubuntu 13+ versions is now stopping on an error that it used to ignore.

(from https://stackoverflow.com/a/22845597/3495026 )

If one turns off the programs that are accessing the resource, hostapd has a chance to grab it and work.

In Ubuntu desktop 14.04 beta, a solution is to turn off the programs that are using the wlan in question.

This worked for me:

sudo nmcli nm wifi off
sudo rfkill unblock wlan

then hostapd can start normally from command line. Of course, if you want hostapd to start on boot you must insure that the network manager is not grabbing the resource ahead of time.


Bzip2 package install and configure with sbmanager

First of all sbmanager is waaaaay really old, last someone wrote about them was on years 2010, while the last update on 2012. I suggest you install libimobiledevice the newer version of sbmanager. Quote from "About" section.

  It allows other software to easily access the device's filesystem, retrieve information about the device and it's internals, backup/restore the device, manage SpringBoard® icons, manage installed applications, retrieve addressbook/calendars/notes and bookmarks and (using libgpod) synchronize music and video to the device.

Run following command to install libimobiledevice.

wget http://www.libimobiledevice.org/downloads/libimobiledevice-1.2.0.tar.bz2
tar xvjf Downloads/libimobiledevice-1.2.0.tar.bz2
cd libimobiledevice-1.2.0/
./autogen.sh
make
sudo make install

Note

To get it work, make sure you have these required software.

usbmuxd
make
autoheader
automake
autoconf
libtool
pkg-config
gcc


This error can be solved by changing line 30 (as indicated by the string mate-panel.rc:30 in your question) in /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/apps/mate-panel.rc as shown below. Open the terminal and type:

sudo -i
cd /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/apps
cp mate-panel.rc mate-panel.rc.bak # backup mate-panel.rc file before editing it
nano mate-panel.rc

Now mate-panel will be open for editing in nano text editor. Scroll down with the ↓ key and change the following line which is line 30, the last line in my mate-panel.rc file:

class "GtkScrollbar"              style "murrine-scrollbar"

by replacing the string "murrine-scrollbar" with "scrollbar" so that it looks like this:

class "GtkScrollbar"              style "scrollbar"

Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+O and after that press Enter to save the changes in mate-panel.rc. Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+X to exit nano.

Logout in the terminal from root back to normal user.

exit

Now you will be able to use  without getting an error message that says: /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/apps/mate-panel.rc:30: error: invalid string constant "murrine-scrollbar", expected valid string constant


Install Ubuntu Desktop or Server in Ubuntu 11.10?

no gui for the server edition

if you plan to use it as a daily workspace and you're not already fully familiar with command only, you'd better install the desktop edition.You can also host a website by using the desktop edition decided by which web server you're using.

btw, install x64 version will make good use of your 4GB RAM,:-)


At the moment, Grinch kernel is required to use 7620.

See https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/766303/embedded-systems/-customkernel-grinch-19-3-1-for-jetson-tk1

Or (in Japanse)
http://green-rabbit.sakura.ne.jp/note/2014/08/16/jetson-tk1-use-intel-7260/


Open a terminal and execute :

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gmt


No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure

That's not a problem with the installation of acroread. Check your *.list files with the command below

grep -Pr '^deb(\-src)*.+debian\.koha-community\.org\/koha' /etc/apt/ | awk -F: '{print $1}'

Example output

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/koha.list

Remove the shown file via, eg

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/koha.list

Some housekeeping

sudo apt-get clear

Remove koha-common

sudo apt-get remove koha-common
sudo apt-get autoremove

Install acroread

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall acroread

If you still need koha, add the koha repository again and install

echo deb http://debian.koha-community.org/koha stable main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/koha.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install koha-common


External speakers are buzzing when no sound is playing

FINALLY!
I found solution for this annoying problem 18.04 audio (Realtek ALC3254) fails on new Dell G3 15 3590

Open terminal
Type sudo nano /etc/default/grub
Find GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT
Append snd_hda_intel.dmic_detect=0 (result line should look like GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash snd_hda_intel.dmic_detect=0)
After save type sudo update-grub

Buzzing from speakers are not appear anymore. There is "pop" from speakers when system is booting or switching off but i can live with it.
EDIT
I played with it a little bit after solving this problem and found that line options snd-hda-intel power_save=0 power_save_controller=N in /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf is still necessary.


Windows 7 is not booting even it is showing an option in ubuntu boot menu

I would Recommend you to install boot-repair in your Ubuntu as per the instructions given here.

Then you could run and check the option to repair windows files from the application menu.


iOS devices cannot connect to hostapd wireless Access Point

I tried with another network card using an atheros chipset (Atheros AR9271) and it solved my issue.

I came across this post on comments.gmane.org emailed the poster and he also said he changed his network card to ALFA Network AWUS036NH to get around this issue, apparently.


Need to remotely maintain the web server contents, permissions error

The octal permissions you want (to give owner & group rights to read and write files here and to enter/search/stat the directory) are 775.

The permissions you set, 705, give all permissions to owner, no permissions whatsoever to the group, read & execute for others.

You may also want to add the setgid bit so that files created here inherit the same group ownership from the parent directory. To do this add a 2 to the start of the string

sudo chmod 2775 /var/www/html

See the chmod tag info for some background


It turns out that if your core-site IP address value is incorrect you will get the behavior described above.

By fixing my IP addresses on each of the data nodes I was able to fix  the issue and get it up and running


Need help making docky work like mac dock with minimized windows

Uninstall docky and install cairo-dock (gl-dock), then you have what you want.


Emacs doesn't kill-yank anymore after Xubuntu upgrade to 14.04

This behavior was due to IBus, as explained here. So I opened a terminal, executed the command ibus-setup and there I changed Ctrl into Alt. I hope it won't break anything, but at least C-<SPC> now sets the mark in Emacs.


/usr/lib/apache2/modules/libphp7.0.so: undefined symbol: ap_map_http_request_error

Reinstalled PHP on 16.04 LTS to fix this. Note: after running apt update Apache2 would not install until a sudo apt autoremove had been run.

Install Apache

sudo aptitude install apache2

Install MySQL

sudo aptitude install mysql-server

Install PHP

sudo aptitude install php7.0 libapache2-mod-php7.0 php7.0 php7.0-common php7.0-gd php7.0-mysql php7.0-mcrypt php7.0-curl php7.0-intl php7.0-xsl php7.0-mbstring php7.0-zip php7.0-bcmath php7.0-iconv php-mcrypt

Start Apache

apachectl start


Run a program from any directory in Ubuntu 16.04

You have two issues to address from my finds:

Doing it right:

You are obviously not following the steps correctly as I did and have successfully ran it using casa command, though the link says casapy.
Solution please follow the steps verbatim.

sudo mkdir /usr/local/bin/CASA
sudo mv casapy-30.0.9860-001-64b.tar.gz /usr/local/bin/CASA
cd /usr/local/bin/CASA
sudo tar zxvf casapy-30.0.9860-001-64b.tar.gz
Add this to your ~/.bashrc file and then source it with source ~/.bashrc:

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin/CASA/casapy-30.0.9860-001-64b/bin

Test it with: casa
Output:

 george@george-ubuntu-server:~$ casa

 =========================================
 The start-up time of CASA may vary
 depending on whether the shared libraries
 are cached or not.
 =========================================

CASA Version 5.0.0-101
Compiled on: Thu 2017/01/05 04:33:33 UTC
Activating service name='org.gnome.GConf'
Successfully activated service 'org.gnome.GConf'
Activating service name='org.gtk.vfs.Daemon'
Successfully activated service 'org.gtk.vfs.Daemon'
PYVER        -  2.7
AIPS_DIR     -  /usr/local/bin/CASA/casa-stable-5.0.101
SCRIPT_REPOS -  /usr/local/bin/CASA/casa-stable-
5.0.101/linux/lib/python2.7/regressions/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ls: cannot access '/usr/local/bin/CASA/casa-stable-5.0.101/linux/lib/python2.7/regressions/': No such file or directory
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
___________________________________________________________________
For help use the following commands:
tasklist               - Task list organized by category
taskhelp               - One line summary of available tasks
help taskname          - Full help for task
toolhelp               - One line summary of available tools
help par.parametername - Full help for parameter name
___________________________________________________________________
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

{'dirs': {'xml': '/usr/local/bin/CASA/casa-stable-5.0.101/xml',

'pipeline': None, 'python': '/usr/local/bin/CASA/casa-stable-5.0.101/lib/python2.7', 'data': '/usr/local/bin/CASA/casa-stable-5.0.101/data',
'recipes': '/usr/local/bin/CASA/casa-stable-5.0.101/lib/python2.7/recipes',
'rc': '/home/george/.casa', 'root': '/usr/local/bin/CASA/casa-stable-5.0.101'},
'files': {'logfile': '/home/george/casa-20170425-095553.log'},
'source': {'url': 'https://svn.cv.nrao.edu/svn/casa/trunk', 'revision': '39214'},
'state': {'unwritable': set([]), 'startup': True, 'init_version': 0},
'helpers': {'info': None, 'viewer': 'casaviewer', 'crashPoster': '/usr/local/bin/CASA/casa-stable-5.0.101/bin/CrashReportPoster', 'dbus': '/usr/local/bin/CASA/casa-stable-5.0.101/lib/casa/bin/dbus-daemon', 'logger': 'casalogger', 'ipcontroller': '/usr/local/bin/CASA/casa-stable-5.0.101/lib/casa/bin/ipcontroller', 'ipengine': '/usr/local/bin/CASA/casa-stable-5.0.101/lib/casa/bin/ipengine'},
'build': {'version': '5.0.0-101', 'number': '39214', 'time': 'Thu 2017/01/05 04:33:33 UTC'}, 'flags': {'/usr/local/bin/CASA/casa-stable-5.0.101/lib/python2.7/casapy.py': ''}}
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Activating auto-logging. Current session state plus future input saved.
 Filename       : ipython-20170425-095554.log
 Mode           : backup
 Output logging : False
 Raw input log  : False
 Timestamping   : False
 State          : active
 *** Loading ATNF ASAP Package...
 *** ... ASAP (rev#3110) import complete ***

 CASA <2>:

Library issues. The latest version works on Ubuntu Xenial, and the version your installing might not work on your version of Ubuntu as I discovered when I tried to install your version 4.* on it. So get back to your instructor for further help.

Important Note:

You might want to install it on a Virtual Device as I noticed your version insisted on creating a user with id 1001 irrespective of who owns that id. In my case the user koko was made the group owner of the /usr/local/bin/CASA/* directory. Permission given to folder:

drwxr-xr-x 11  12998   1001      4096 Jan  5 06:09 casa-stable-5.0.101/

Change the casapy-30.0.9860-001-64b to the one you download or the name seen there after extraction

Source:

https://casaguides.nrao.edu/index.php/Installing_CASA


How can I modify pinned launcher entries in Gnome Shell? (Example: touchscreen scrolling for Firefox)

Looking at this answer I think I understand how the mechanism works and where it fails in this case.

I now made another copy (~/.local/share/applications/firefox-custom.desktop) and replaced 'firefox.desktop' with 'firefox-custom.desktop' respectively.

$ dconf read /org/gnome/shell/favorite-apps
['org.gnome.Nautilus.desktop', 'chromium-browser.desktop', 'org.gnome.Lollypop.desktop', 'mpv.desktop', 'keepassx.desktop', 'org.gnome.Software.desktop', 'vlc.desktop', 'firefox.desktop']
$ dconf write /org/gnome/shell/favorite-apps "['org.gnome.Nautilus.desktop', 'chromium-browser.desktop', 'org.gnome.Lollypop.desktop', 'mpv.desktop', 'keepassx.desktop', 'org.gnome.Software.desktop', 'vlc.desktop', 'firefox-custom.desktop']"

The launcher item now works as expected.

There is one two problems though:

When I want to move this item (let's say between nautilus and chromium) a new 'firefox.desktop' will be created, so I have two Firefox icons in the launcher, which means I have to edit the order in dconf.
When I launch the application a new icon will be added to the launcher, this is a minor cosmetic problem for me now.

I'm open for better suggestions and solutions here.


Is php 7 now rolling out as the default php version?

Yes, in Ubuntu 16.04 PHP 7 is the default PHP version


See dash, password and keys.

The program is called seahorse and is already installed and active on your system.

Seahorse - Encryption Made Easy
Seahorse is a GNOME application for managing encryption keys.
It also integrates with nautilus, gedit and other places for encryption operations.

With seahorse you can...
Create and manage PGP keys
Create and manage SSH keys
Publish and retrieve keys from key servers
Cache your passphrase so you don't have to keep typing it
Backup your keys and keyring
more...

Press the super key to go to dash and start typing password and it will be the 1st result.


Looks like you could have done that with ...

sudo apt-get remove --purge spideroak

But you need to delete that yourself since it is a user folder. From their site:

  Deleting your SpiderOak Hive

  When you uninstall SpiderOak, your SpiderOak Hive folder will remain.
  However, the files in Hive will no longer be synced.

  To delete the SpiderOak Hive folder, you must delete the actual folder
  itself. Deleting shortcuts to the folder will not remove the folder
  and its data from your computer. Make sure you have removed any files
  and folders you wish to save from your Hive before deleting the
  folder.

Linux users: the original folder can be found at /Users//SpiderOak Hive/"

So from command line

rm -rf ~/SpiderOak Hive/

Tip: use "tab" to autocomplete it so the space is correctly shown ;)
Warning: this WILL delete all your files inside the directory.

You can also delete it from Nautilus (go to Home and shift-delete the directory).


Missing AMD GPU firmware issue on Ubuntu 17.10

You can safely ignore those lines.

What you noticed there aren’t "errors". Instead, you’re looking at "warnings" (which you can recognize from the fact that those lines are prepended with a w).

The reason you’re seeing those warnings (and what they don’t tell you) is that all AMD graphics will now load up with llvmpipe and spit out that message (especially in development version).

Anyway, those warnings can be safely ignored.

Nota Bene: What you do not want to do is to fetch the files apt warns about from sources like people.freedesktop.org/~agd5f/radeon_ucode/raven/ as that might introduce a potential attack vector. If you embrace your personal security, don’t simply trust unknown binaries from random sources which can not be verified to be benign.


You could try this to see if it helps.
It could be that the GRUB timeout is 0 seconds so you don't see it at all.

Open up a terminal or type in the dash:

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub

You will be prompted to type your password and after that a text file will open inside the terminal.

Try changing:

GRUB_TIMEOUT=0

to

GRUB_TIMEOUT=X (however many seconds you want)

then save the file and exit. Now the GRUB menu should appear when you boot it up.

If that's not the problem, you could try Boot Repair

http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/bootmenu


Uninstalling package unrecognized by aptitude

You need to specify the architecture when you remove i386 package. I.e. remove it by executing sudo dpkg -r qtikz:i386.


What is the difference between libprotobuf-dev and lib-protobuf8

From Stackoverflow:

  The development files or *-dev packages most often contain the
  headers related to a library's interface.

Now, regarding your installation, you do not need to worry about whether you need to install libprotobuf-dev or not. Just install your required package with the command:

sudo apt-get install <package-name>

and if it depends on any *.dev files then it will download and install them automatically.


Quickly minimize/hide all windows, preferably with mouse - 11.10 specifc

In 11.10 the default keyboard shortcut to minimize all windows and show the desktop is Super+D, in 12.04 Ctrl+Super+D.

  Installing and running CCSM is not recommended.

You can activate the launcher icon to show the desktop in the desktop settings from 12.04 only myunity  (in 11.10 this feature was not yet implemented in the Compiz Unity plugin)


.o files are compiled directly into the output executable, so if you want your changes to appear you will have to recompile the kernel that depends on it.

You are thinking of dynamically linked/shared-object files, which in linux are generally saved out as .so files.

Please refer to this stackoverflow question for more details:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9688200/difference-between-shared-objects-so-static-libraries-a-and-dlls-so


Google calendar reminders not imported in thunderbird

You could use the built-in ubuntu gnome calendar program. You can log in to Google in the settings.


How to back up VPS to local machine every month automatically

I got the answer from ServerFault.

  Depending where you want to back them up, a very simple approach could be:

  mysqldump the database (it can be done while running)
  Use rsnapshot to keep your project's directory in sync with the remote location.

  Have you considered using a version control tool like git for the
  project? I'm assuming is a standard web development set-up.

  Put all of the above in a script and put it in your crontab.


Couple of things I learned, mostly by stabbing around in the dark:

(hd0,gpt3) actually contained most of my files. Including the kernel at ubuntu-installer/linux.
I was able to get to an installer by doing:

root=(hd0,gpt3)
linux /ubuntu-installer/linux
initrd /ubuntu-installer/initrd.gz
boot

That took me into the install process, where I got as far as choosing a mirror and I wasn't able to get any data from us.archive.ubuntu.org -- I was definitely connected to the internet and the network connection was confirmed but it was still giving me errors. I wound up going ahead and burning mini.iso to a CD instead.


"The disk drive for /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 is not ready yet or not present" error at boot

Type into your terminal $ sudo gedit

Click the "open file" button

click "filesystem", or press folder up until you get to /

Double click the /etc folder and then scroll down to the "fstab" file and double click it

Find the line that says "UUID=[some number/letter sequence] /dev/mapper/cruptswap1" and then a bunch of other parameters and then put a hashtag (#) in front of it to "comment" it

The drive will no longer attempt to mount at boot though you can mount it manually through the "disks" application that you can access from the dash.


How can i install Blender from the Snap LTS channel?

According to the Blender page in SnapCraft store you have to execute the following command:
sudo snap install blender --channel=2.83lts/stable --classic

About classic confinement see official documentation:

A snap’s confinement level is the degree of isolation it has from your system. There are three levels of snap confinement:
...

Classic
Allows access to your system’s resources in much the same way traditional packages do. To safeguard against abuse, publishing a classic snap requires manual approval, and installation requires the --classic command line argument.


dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'linux-generic' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed

I had the same problem with another package after some funny things with apt. The solution is relative simple.

Open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T and type:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-generic


How to install and use exiftool to get GPS information of a photo

The instructions to download and install are here.

To list the gps lat/long, use this command:
exiftool -GPSLatitude -GPSLongitude FILESorDIRS
replacing FILESorDIRS with the files and/or directories you wish to list.

To see all the gps tags, you can use a wildcard:
exiftool -gps* FILESorDIRS


Install mercusys wifi adapter in Ubuntu 20.04

I had same issue with Mercusys(rtl8192eu) as you. I found the solution here:
https://github.com/Mange/rtl8192eu-linux-driver
Before you start, I recommend removing the current driver, with the following commands:
$ sudo rmmod 8192eu
$ sudo rmmod rtl8xxxu
$ sudo dkms remove rtl8192eu/1.0 --all


Cedilha character in an english keyboard

Found a solution here

First install Gnome Tweak from Ubuntu Software.
Open Gnome Tweak, search menu for Keyboard & Mouse, find Compose Key option and enable it. You can change you Compose Key in there.

I manage to get ç by hitting Compose Key + , + c.


Use a browser to to open the CUPS Admin interface http://localhost:631/admin and add a new printer, with the name you want. Read man cupsenable, man lpadmin, and do something like (from the command line):

cupsdisable HP_LaserJet_...
cupsenable lp1
# for systemwide setting
sudo lpadmin -d lp1
# or, for user settings
lpadmin -d lp1

Long ago, I did sudo adduser $USER lp;sudo adduser $USER lpadmin and logged out/in. You may have to do this too, to make CUPS commands easier.


How to convert a mounted partition back to Primary partition in Ubuntu 20.04

It looks like your D: drive is already a "primary partition" (see https://www.howtogeek.com/184659/beginner-geek-hard-disk-partitions-explained/ for an explanation of the term).
If you want your D: drive mounted in a particular location by default, you can set a default mount point by editing /etc/fstab. See Howto auto-mount windows-partitions using /etc/fstab for more details.


How to fix OS(Ubuntu hard drive not present error) in EFI?

You've probably got filesystem damage on your EFI System Partition (ESP), which is mounted at /boot/efi in Ubuntu. This type of damage is often caused by the Windows Fast Startup feature, which can do serious damage to filesystems on a dual-boot configuration. It's imperative that you disable this feature when dual-booting with Windows. See this page for instructions on disabling this feature.

After you disable Fast Startup, you may also need to repair filesystem damage on the ESP. You can do this in Linux with the dosfsck command, as in sudo dosfsck /dev/sda1; however, you'll need to know what partition to pass as an argument, as that varies from one computer to another. Type sudo parted /dev/sda print to see your partition table. The ESP can be identified as a FAT partition with its "boot flag" set. Alternatively, you can use CHKDSK or its GUI equivalent in Windows, but I'm less sure of the exact procedure there, so I can't provide details. In a worst-case scenario, you might need to copy all the files off of the ESP, create a fresh FAT32 filesystem on it, and copy all the files back. If you do this, you'll probably have to adjust your /etc/fstab file in Linux to get the partition to mount correctly, since its serial number ("UUID," although it's not technically a UUID) will probably have changed.


Here's how I solved my problem following Zanna recommendation.

I booted into Recovery mode by holding the Shift key when restarting. When the GRUB menu shows, I selected the option that started with Advanced Option which shows options like Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.8.0-26-generic (recovery mode). I chose the first option with recovery mode and then selected Enable networking.
I chose root shell prompt after (1) and ran the command sudo chown -R username: /home/username where username is my username. After the process finished running, I exited the shell and restarted my system.

And Voila! I was able to log in again with no files affected, everything was intact. :)


Dodo USB Modem (Alcatel 'OneTouch X220L') not working since update to 12.04

Followed Instructions here.
ALCATEL Modem compatibility on UB 12.04

I must unplug and replug in my dodo usb key (One Touch AL720) for it to be recognized each time I turn on PC.


mysql-workbench only shows splash screen when being launched

Here's a .deb file for Ubuntu 11.10 of MySQL Workbench, compiled from the sources with the patch applied. Works perfectly fine on my 11.10. Sorry for it being only 64-bit.

http://dl.dropbox.com/u/773778/mysql-workbench-gpl_5.2.35-2_amd64.deb


Wireless working, but no X. Want to reinstall. How to save wifi configuration, while reinstalling Ubuntu

In Ubuntu 15.10 and, presumably, newer, your wireless device uses the driver ath10k_pci, as you see:

  Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter [168c:003e]
  (rev 20) Subsystem: Bigfoot Networks, Inc. Killer N1525 Wireless-AC
  [1a56:1525] Kernel driver in use: ath10k_pci

The required firmware is not yet included by default. You were able to find and download it to get your device working. I suggest you back up the entire contents of /lib/firmware/ath10k/QCA6174. After the reinstall, restore it and your wireless should be working.


Install the package xautomation, we need the command xte:
sudo apt-get install xautomation

Install the package x11-utils, we need the command xev:
sudo apt-get install x11-utils

Check the code for the two mouse buttons.

Start the command xev in a terminal:
xev

Move the mouse in the new window

Press your wheel left and wheel right.

In my case, note the output button 6 and button 7:
ButtonRelease event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x2e00001,
    root 0x233, subw 0x0, time 9222464, (94,21), root:(1774,85),
    state 0x10, button 6, same_screen YES

ButtonPress event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x2e00001,
    root 0x233, subw 0x0, time 9223854, (94,21), root:(1774,85),
    state 0x10, button 7, same_screen YES

Edit your xbindkeys configuration, e.g.:
nano ~/.xbindkeysrc

and add the lines below
"xte 'keydown Alt_L' 'keydown Left' 'keyup Left' 'keyup Alt_L'"
     b:6

"xte 'keydown Alt_L' 'keydown Right' 'keyup Right' 'keyup Alt_L'"
     b:7

Replace b:6 and b:7 with your numbers of xev output.

From man xte:
key k
      Press and release key k

keydown  k
      Press key k down

keyup k
      Release key k

Kill all xbindkeys processes:
killall xbindkeys

Restart xbindkeys with your configuration, e.g.:
xbindkeys -f ~/.xbindkeysrc


Backup your data, boot into Ubuntu, delete the Kali partition, using GParted or other partitioning software, run sudo update-grub and reboot


How do I configure a xorg.conf to use my monitor's native resolution?

This is very simple process, that i figured out by reading other posts to force 16:9, 16:10 resolutions, you do not need to make a 10-monitor.conf or even generate a xorg.conf, or use NVIDIA (recommended drivers). First know your refresh rate. Mine is 60Hz. Magnavox 19inch HD widescreen, with HDMI, VGA, TV outputs. Currently I'm using my VGA output on a NVIDIA 6200 Graphics card running a clean install of Ubuntu 13.04 Unity 3D. This will work for anyone stuck in 1024x768 4:3 thats not getting their proper resolution.

Open a terminal, type sudo xrandr: all we need from this info is what output your using----> (VGA-1 connected) this one is mine VGA-1. Then pick a resulotion you want say 1280x720 thats a 16:9 720p HD. Then type: cvt 1280 720 60, where i put 60 put your Refresh rate there.`This is what comes back

Modeline "1280x720_60.00"   74.50  1280 1344 1472 1664  720 723 728 748 -hsync +vsync

Now copy that whole modeline from the first quote till the end, then type sudo xrandr --newmode "1280x720_60.00"   74.50  1280 1344 1472 1664  720 723 728 748 -hsync +vsync, nothing should return, then type sudo xrandr --addmode VGA-1 1280x720_60.00, the screen should change right then and there and your done. See, i tried this for two days tearing my hair out, but i was only trying 1 resolution 1368x768 which wont even work anyway lol ....then i wake up this morning and thought about it. and googled a true list of all 16:9 resolutions, http://pacoup.com/2011/06/12/list-of-true-169-resolutions/ and started trying these. first one i picked work, the  720p HD....took ten seconds :)


Huawei E303 USB modem not working in 14.04

You must "eject" the CD to make the modem to function.
You can eject it from terminal or disks or launcher.
It will then detected as modem.
You can find it network manager.


The solution is not in changing drivers (since the Intel HD Graphics drivers are in the kernel), but instead in using a good HDMI cable.

Also, if you want to adjust the color profile of the external device, as noted in https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/color-calibrate-screen.html.en , tap the Super key (AKA 'Windows' key) and pick Settings | Devices | Color | Select your screen || and make the adjustments.


How to install wkhtmltopdf 0.12.1 on Ubuntu server 14.04?

To install wkhtmltopdf in Ubuntu 14.04:

Install xvfb server:

sudo apt-get install xvfb

Download the deb from the  wkhtmltopdf download page.

For Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit:

wget https://downloads.wkhtmltopdf.org/0.12/0.12.5/wkhtmltox_0.12.5-1.trusty_amd64.deb

Install wkhtmltopdf:

sudo dpkg -i wkhtmltox_0.12.5-1.trusty_amd64.deb

Install dependencies (if needed):

sudo apt-get -f install


How does one customize Kubuntu Search and Launch (with the Plasma-Netbook interface)?

Actually you can just delete (by clicking the minus sign that's displayed when you hover over an icon there) or drag icons from the launch area below as shown here: www.youtube.com/watch?v=9VCX6S-ndKA
Or you can simply click on the star to have an icon added to your favorites above.


How to install CoffeeCup Visual Site Designer Software on Ubuntu 12.04 or +?

You should first install wine by typing sudo apt-get install wine in a terminal. Then simply click on the installation file (.exe probably) and you should be able to install and run it under Wine Windows Program Loader.


Will I still be able to use the hard drive normally?

If Windows is installed at your "C" drive, and your "D" drive is empty. Just partition the "D" drive, make a 60 GB partition at the end of the disk or at the beginning, and make a partition for the free space too.

You can do so via GParted tool from an Ubuntu live USB/CD.

If the 60GB partition end at the beginning of the disk, Ubuntu will be the new "D" drive, and the free space partition will be now "E" whenever you are back at Windows.

Pay attention when partitioning because normally Windows can only be installed on MBR partition tables, Linux however can be installed on GPT and MBR partition tables. Both W. and Linux can use both types of partition tables to write and read data.

When partitioning, after choosing the partition table, pick EXT4 for Ubuntu partition and NTFS for the free space partition.

However if your "D" drive isn't empty and you would like to preserve the files already present on it, you must leave the partition table format as is and just shrink the present partition to make enough space for a new partition. You can do so via GParted too.


You'll have to manually edit BackInTime's config file for your new snapshot location. Press Alt+F2 and type gedit .config/backintime/config

Change the line profile1.snapshots.path=/old/path into profile1.snapshots.path=/new/path. Save and exit. You have to move the old backintime folder to that location before starting BackInTime.

Alternative if you lost all your previous snapshots and just want to start new you can remove the config by press Alt+F2 and type rm .config/backintime/config


Win 10 and Ubuntu - cannot create dual boot

Your Boot Info Script output was generated from a BIOS-mode boot of an emergency disk, but all your OS installations seem to be in EFI mode. This suggests that your Compatibility Support Module (CSM) is active, which can wreak havoc with booting EFI-mode OSes, as described on this page of mine. Thus, I strongly recommend that you disable the CSM. This will require entering your firmware setup utility and finding an option to do this. It may be called "CSM" (or its expansion), "legacy mode boot," or something else; unfortunately, there's no standardization on how this option is named or where it may be located in your firmware setup utility.

Disabling the CSM may not be the end of your problems, though; it could be that your NVRAM settings are corrupted or some other issue may be getting in the way. If you continue to have problems, boot a Linux live disk again, type sudo efibootmgr -v, and edit your question to include the output, adding four spaces to the start of each line. (If the system complains that efibootmgr is not installed, install it. In Ubuntu, you'd do this by typing sudo apt-get install efibootmgr.) There may be redundant entries that you could delete with efibootmgr, or resetting all the firmware options to the defaults may be required -- but the second of these actions will require re-creating an NVRAM boot entry.


I don't have enough reputation to comment (my previous answer has been converted to a comment for some reason), but want to help, so I'm writing another answer.

If you can boot to command line, try opening the /var/log/syslog and see if there are any suspicious errors listed at the time of your last unsuccessful boot.

nano /var/log/syslog

You could also try to disable the automatic boot to desktop manager by editing your GRUB file

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

change the "quiet splash" to "" and then run

sudo update-grub

If you have lightdm installed, you may have to also do

sudo touch /etc/init/lightdm.override

to disable the LightDM autostart.

If you manage to boot to CLI without the recovery mode with these settings, run

startx

or (if you have gdm installed)

sudo service gdm start

or (if you have lightdm installed)

sudo service lightdm start

from your home folder and see if you can enter the X window system that way.