How to prevent package updation in `apt-get install -y package` if the package is already installed?

From man apt-get:

   --no-upgrade
       Do not upgrade packages; when used in conjunction with install,
       no-upgrade will prevent packages on the command line from being
       upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item:
       APT::Get::Upgrade.


Why does my Empathy work with wifi but not with wvdial on 12.04?

It's because Empathy uses NetworkManager(NM) to determine whether you are connected to a network but NM itself cannot see the network connection established via wvdial. Issue  the following command in a terminal to disable Empathy's dependency on NM for network connection.gsettings set org.gnome.Empathy use-conn falseAlternatively, if you do not need NM while using wvdial, you may stop it  with sudo stop network-manager before launching Empathy. Other applications that depend on NM to determine network connection should also work properly, for example, Ubuntu Software Center.To revert the changes, use sudo start network-manager for NM and gsettings set org.gnome.Empathy use-conn true for Empathy.


Crossfire Resets When Lightdm Restarts Ubuntu 15.04

Double check that IOMMU is not enabled.(in bios)
When IOMMU is enabled,after reboot enabled amd crossfire will be disabled.
And kernel will give you message: to enable crossfire ,please disable IOMMU..

lspci | grep IOMMU   #output must be noting

IOMMU can be switched off in bios ,or with passing iommu=off to kernel.


Gnome Commander

Assuming you are talking about gnome-commander - it seems like it is not browing the archives out of the box. In my case it is using the default handler for the related archive.

You can define custom handlers for defined extensions as follows.

Please start the application
Navigate to 'Settings' -> 'Options'
Select the tab 'Programs'
Create a custom rule in the 'Other favorite apps' section

But this doesn't mean it can directly browse the archive. It just allows you to define which program should be used for certain extensions.

Alternatives

I would recommend using mc - aka Midnight commander as it offers what you are looking for and has most likely even a smaller fingerprint.

You can easily install it like that

sudo apt-get install mc


Unmet dependency error while installing Cinnamon


m3u is a list of mp3 files, you can not convert them to mp3.
Instead you can go to Media menu from your player(VLC) and click Convert/Save to extracting them to single mp3 after playing .m3u list.

Or you can Import your .m3u list on VLC and then press list view(hint 1) and from mp3 list you can right-click and click Save...(hint 2) and select your devices to save location.

one by one. ;)

Or if you want to find their location simply right-click and select "Show Containing Directory" and copy all of them from opened location in your device.


If you want dual system just boot from ubuntu live cd and chose try without installing. So you will easy acces to full desktop environment available.
Then press to install ubuntu and follow this instructions

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBCHsgry2RQ

Best choise is to make / ex4 primary partition with 20 gigs of amount space(as it says in official instruction 15 is  enough) Then make swap partition with double amount size of your ram and finaly create /home ex4 partition there will be  all files stored so make it big enough to have media and downloads.Then if you continue to install without mesing up windows drive system grub will detect your windows partition and put it in boot list


Unfortunately, you can't use Chinese characters in the hostname. Here is an extract from the hostname manual page:

  Each element of the hostname must be from 1 to 63 characters long and
  the entire hostname, including the dots, can be at most 253 characters
  long.  Valid characters for hostnames are ASCII(7) letters from a to
  z, the digits from 0 to 9, and the hyphen (-).  A hostname may not
  start with a hyphen.

But if your workmates are familiar with Arabic numerals, you may chose a hostname with a single letter between a and z, then numbering the machines.

For instance m001, m002, m003, ...


Part of the answer depend which kind of interface you want and the kind of output you require (quality, details, etc).

If you are OK with a command line interface, the "classical"  package for doing that is gnuplot, as stated in the comments. This is what I normally use for the first shot. I however think that PyXplot will normally give much nicer plots (but it is a bit more difficult to grok, and to really use it you have to know LaTeX).

For an example of use of spherical/cylindrical coordinates in gnuplot, see for example this page: http://www.gnuplot.info/demo/world.html --- the trick here is the set mapping command. You could need to do some transformation on your input file, however. This article by Lee Phillips seems interesting, too.

gnuplot> help set mapping
 If data are provided to `splot` in spherical or cylindrical coordinates,
 the `set mapping` command should be used to instruct `gnuplot` how to
 interpret them.

 Syntax:
       set mapping {cartesian | spherical | cylindrical}

 A cartesian coordinate system is used by default.

 For a spherical coordinate system, the data occupy two or three columns
 (or `using` entries).  The first two are interpreted as the azimuthal
 and polar angles theta and phi (or "longitude" and "latitude"), in the
 units specified by `set angles`.  The radius r is taken from the third
 column if there is one, or is set to unity if there is no third column.
 The mapping is:

       x = r * cos(theta) * cos(phi)
       y = r * sin(theta) * cos(phi)
       z = r * sin(phi)

 Note that this is a "geographic" spherical system, rather than a "polar"
 one (that is, phi is measured from the equator, rather than the pole).
Press return for more:

 For a cylindrical coordinate system, the data again occupy two or three
 columns.  The first two are interpreted as theta (in the units specified by
 `set angles`) and z.  The radius is either taken from the third column or set
 to unity, as in the spherical case.  The mapping is:

       x = r * cos(theta)
       y = r * sin(theta)
       z = z

 The effects of `mapping` can be duplicated with the `using` filter on the
 `splot` command, but `mapping` may be more convenient if many data files are
 to be processed.  However even if `mapping` is used, `using` may still be
 necessary if the data in the file are not in the required order.

If you are looking for more graphical things, this Wikipedia page can help you. In the end I found that command-line driven programs are better for this kind of things (hated Origin with all my forces), but your mileage may vary.

QtiPlot, in particular, seems a nicely done program; it is open-source and free on Linux (you can install it simply with apt-get install qtiplot):

but I never used it in extended way so I can't help with it a lot.
...But if you really like it remember that it is donation-ware(1) :-)

(1) I am NOT related at all to this project or the developers. I simply checked it and find it quite well done and well maintained.


Ubuntu Phone (BQ Aquaris E4.5) with mouse - How to make mouse coursor visible?

I asked similar question in:
Ubuntu Phone lack of cursor for OTG/USB mouse

mhall119 replied:
'It's not available yet, but is being actively worked on. Mir 0.16 has just been released, and I think the mouse cursor fix is targeted for 0.17.'

Hope that helps out.


It sounds like your partition table is damaged. This causes GParted (and the Ubuntu installer, for that matter) to show the partition table as being empty. See my Web page on this topic for more information. If the computer really is booting Windows in BIOS mode (which would be highly unusual for a computer that ships with Windows 8), my FixParts program may be able to fix the problem fairly easily; however, it could be that the problem is caused by leftover RAID data or some other problem.

This type of problem makes me think that the installation may have been adjusted before you got the computer. For instance, if it was an "open-box" special, it could be that the original buyer re-installed Windows in BIOS mode before returning it. This would account for most of the symptoms you report. If this is the case, I recommend completely wiping the hard disk and re-installing Windows yourself, since you don't know what malware that previous buyer might have left behind (intentionally or not). See here for a discussion of legal ways to obtain Windows 8 installation media, if you need them.

One more point: It's my understanding that WUBI has been deprecated. Furthermore, it was always intended for quick temporary or demonstration installations, not for "serious" use. Therefore, I recommend avoiding WUBI. Do a conventional dual-boot installation instead.


Please do:

gedit /etc/network/interfaces

This will tell you what is in a file called interfaces. You should see:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

I already know that file is empty according to the information you posted. Please add those two lines and nothing else. Save, close gedit and reboot. If you have another text editor instead of gedit you will use it in the command above in place of gedit.

If you did not manually setup interfaces run:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure resolvconf

if you want to have reslovconfig configured manually then you will want to remove network manager.


How do I add my Ubuntu computer to my Windows 7 network?

You have to right click the folder you want to share in Ubuntu and enable the sharing options. See this tutorial for details.

For example:

To share your Public Folder in Ubuntu, go to your home directory and
right-click on the Public Folder, then select Sharing Options.
Next, click the box to share this folder and install the services
when prompted to do so.
Then allow Guest access as well and set the permissions as you wish.
Finally, click Create Share.
Restart your computer and users on both machines should be able to
access the Public Folder with authentications.

Also see: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2012/06/windows-7-vs-ubuntu-12-04enable-public-folder-sharing-without-passwords/


How to make others access my computer via Internet?

You can create a symlink (short for symbolic link) in the /var/www/ to point to the file in /home/user/anotherfile.sh. The command would be:

cd /var/www/
sudo ln -s /home/user/anotherfile.sh anotherfile.sh

The format of the comand is

ln -s $TARGET $LINK_NAME

The -s option is required to create a symbolic link.

It will create the symlink /var/www/anotherfile.sh that will point to /home/user/anotherfile.sh

You could do that to folders too. That's what I do when I need to share a file.


Why is khubd process using too much of my CPU?

khubd is a kernel thread and part of the Linux kernel USB core. khubd monitors the USB hub and will configure USB devices when they are hot-plugged into the machine.

I suspect that it is getting a lot of spurious USB hot plug events, so double check any USB devices that are plugged into your machine.


Adding spelling dictionary to KDE applications

apt list --all-versions | grep hunspell is a convenient way to list the various languages available. You can then choose to install whatever you need.

apt list --all-versions | grep hunspell

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

hunspell/bionic 1.6.2-1 amd64
hunspell-af/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-an/bionic 0.2-2 all
hunspell-ar/bionic 3.2-1 all
hunspell-be/bionic 0.53-3 all
hunspell-bg/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-bn/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-bo/bionic 0.4.0-1 all
hunspell-br/bionic 0.12-2 all
hunspell-bs/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-ca/bionic 3.0.2+repack1-2 all
hunspell-cs/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-da/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-de-at/bionic 20161207-4 all
hunspell-de-at-frami/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-de-ch/bionic 20161207-4 all
hunspell-de-ch-frami/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-de-de/bionic 20161207-4 all
hunspell-de-de-frami/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-de-med/bionic 20160103-1 all
hunspell-dz/bionic 0.1.0-1 all
hunspell-el/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-en-au/bionic 1:2017.08.24 all
hunspell-en-ca/bionic 1:2017.08.24 all
hunspell-en-gb/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-en-med/bionic 0.0.20080513-2 all
hunspell-en-us/bionic,now 1:2017.08.24 all [installed]
hunspell-en-za/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-es/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-eu/bionic 0.5.20151110-2 all
hunspell-eu-es/bionic 0.5.20151110-2 all
hunspell-fr/bionic 1:6.2-1 all
hunspell-fr-classical/bionic 1:6.2-1 all
hunspell-fr-comprehensive/bionic 1:6.2-1 all
hunspell-fr-modern/bionic 1:6.2-1 all
hunspell-fr-revised/bionic 1:6.2-1 all
hunspell-gd/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-gl/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-gl-es/bionic 13.10-1 all
hunspell-gu/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-gug/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-he/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-hi/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-hr/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-hu/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-is/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-it/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-kk/bionic 1.1-2 all
hunspell-kmr/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-ko/bionic 0.7.1-1 all
hunspell-lo/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-lt/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-ml/bionic 0.1-2 all
hunspell-ne/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-nl/bionic 2:2.10-6 all
hunspell-no/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-oc/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-pl/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-pt-br/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-pt-pt/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-ro/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-ru/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-se/bionic 1.0~beta6.20081222-1.2 all
hunspell-si/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-sk/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-sl/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-sr/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-sv/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-sw/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-te/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-th/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-tools/bionic 1.6.2-1 amd64
hunspell-uk/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
hunspell-uz/bionic 0.6-4 all
hunspell-vi/bionic 1:6.0.3-3 all
libhunspell-1.6-0/bionic,now 1.6.2-1 amd64 [installed]
libhunspell-dev/bionic 1.6.2-1 amd64
libtext-hunspell-perl/bionic 2.11-1build4 amd64
python-hunspell/bionic 0.4.1-1build3 amd64
python3-hunspell/bionic 0.4.1-1build3 amd64

The reason why the list seen with dpkg -l 'hunspell*' is shorter is explained here:

$ dpkg -l 'hunspell*'
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                            Version              Architecture         Description
+++-===============================-====================-====================-===================================================================
un  hunspell                        <none>               <none>               (no description available)
un  hunspell-ar                     <none>               <none>               (no description available)
un  hunspell-da                     <none>               <none>               (no description available)
un  hunspell-de-at                  <none>               <none>               (no description available)
un  hunspell-de-ch                  <none>               <none>               (no description available)
un  hunspell-de-de                  <none>               <none>               (no description available)
un  hunspell-dictionary             <none>               <none>               (no description available)
un  hunspell-dictionary-en          <none>               <none>               (no description available)
un  hunspell-dictionary-en-us       <none>               <none>               (no description available)
ii  hunspell-en-us                  1:2017.08.24         all                  English_american dictionary for hunspell
un  hunspell-eu-es                  <none>               <none>               (no description available)
un  hunspell-gl-es                  <none>               <none>               (no description available)
un  hunspell-kk                     <none>               <none>               (no description available)
un  hunspell-ko                     <none>               <none>               (no description available)
un  hunspell-se                     <none>               <none>               (no description available)
un  hunspell-uz                     <none>               <none>               (no description available)
$

But, in the output above, ii means that the package is installed whereas un means it hasn't been installed. un doesn't mean that the package is not available for installation. <none> below Version maybe confusing.

Here's more on the output of dpkg -l: What do the various dpkg flags like 'ii' 'rc' mean?.


Can't remove Ubuntu from HDD even after deleting the partition

You probably installed the new Ubuntu on the SSD before removing the old one. Upon installation, GRUB is installed. It checks what operating systems exist on the system. Since your old Ubuntu was still there, it was also included in the GRUB menu.
Boot into your Ubuntu session, and run the command sudo update-grub. The existing kernels and other operating systems will be probed, resulting in an updated boot menu.
That you still may see the files of the old install is apparently related to the fact that this disk uses Windows dynamic partitions. I would not touch that drive using Linux tools. Deleting that partition from within linux probably would delete it effectively, but may damage the dynamic partitioning.


I highly recommend you use Modem Manager.
You can install it here:


Bluetooth headsets can pair and work but cannot connect again

I have the same problem. So, I turn off Bluetooth of the laptop and device again & then try to connect it. It works. Even if it doesn't work. I've to remove device from saved device list and pair it again.


Is closing a file after having opened it with `open()` required in Python?

When do files get closed?

As we can learn from Is explicitly closing files important? (StackOverflow), the Python interpreter closes the file in the following cases:

you manually invoke the close() method of a file object explicitly or implicitly by leaving a with open(...): block. This works of course always and on any Python implementation.
the file object's last reference got removed and therefore the object gets processed by the Garbage Collector. This is not a language feature, but a special feature of the CPython implementation only, so for portability don't rely on this!
the Python interpreter terminates. In this case it should close all file handles that got opened. Some older versions of Python3 would have also printed a warning that you should have closed them manually yourself. However, imagine a crash or you force-killing the Python interpreter and you will see that this is also not reliable.

So only the first (manual) method is reliable!

What would happen if a file stays open?

First, depending on the implementation of your Python interpreter, if you opened a file with write access, you can not be sure that your modifications got flushed to the disk until you either manually induce it or the file handler gets closed.

Second, you may only open a limited number of files on your system per user. If you exceed this limit by e.g. opening many files in a loop in your Python program without closing them as soon as possible, the system may refuse to open further file handles for you and you'll receive an exception. It may also happen that your program takes the last allowed open file and another program will fail because it gets declined.

Third, open files on a removable device prevent it from getting unmounted or ejected. You may still delete the file on some file systems like ext4, where simply the file descriptor/hard link to the file's inode gets removed/unlinked but the program which opened the file may still access the inode through its own temporary file handler. This is e.g. also the mechanism that allows you to update packages while the respective software is running. However, e.g. NTFS has no such feature. It may however never get modified by two concurrent processes, so it will be still somehow blocked for others.


To set a custom environmental variable it appears that you use -x and then the path. For a persistent environmental variable, you have to set the fish_user_paths, which will append the given paths to your $PATH.

pathpathpathpath

set -x GOPATH ~/Dev/gocode
set -U fish_user_paths $fish_user_paths ~/Dev/ark/bin ~/bin/ ~/i386-elf/bin $GOPATH/bin


Where is the keyboard mouse feature in GNOME 3?

I found the setting, check System Settings > Universal Access, there one can switch it off

now I try to relax again :-)


Preview files from terminal like gnome-sushi does in nautilus

I think you might be interested in ranger. It is a terminal-based file manager that uses a three-columns layout. The left column shows the parent directory, with the current directory highlighted, the middle column shows the contents of the current directory and the right column shows a preview of the selected item.

In the above screenshot you can see that I am inside the /var/log directory (left column) and I have selected the faillog file (middle column) which I am previewing (right column).
You can install ranger by running:
sudo apt install ranger

Start it by opening a terminal and running:
ranger

You can move around using the keyboard arrows or VIM-like shortcuts (h, j, k, l). You can open a file in the selected application by pressing Enter or →. You can close ranger by pressing q.
More information can be found in the Official user guide.


I am not able to access windows after installation of ubuntu by dual boot i have tried everything boot repair please help

Did you try sudo update-grub? Your Windows isn't showing in your grub.cfg file:

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

Also, type this if that didn't work:
in terminal>

sudo grub-mkconfig
sudo update-grub


How to install tree on Ubuntu without sudo right?

First, create a directory to work in:
mkdir ~/deb

change to the new directory:
cd ~/deb

download tree:
apt download tree

extract the files:
dpkg-deb -xv ./*deb ./

and now you can run the tree command by using the full path:
~/deb/usr/bin/tree

This installation works fine because the dependencies are few (libc6) and because the tree command doesn't rely on any installed libs.

Alternatively, you could set an alias for this by adding the following line to your ~/.bashrc file:
alias tree="$HOME/deb/usr/bin/tree"

and after you save the file, don't forget to source your ~/.bashrc file to apply the changes:
. ~/.bashrc

Now you should be able to run the tree command as you normally would.


Random xubuntu 14.04 Xorg graphics freezes

I think you should see this bug report.  https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nvidia-prime/+bug/1220426


How to create first openstack conjure-up one machine instance

If you ssh into a seperate machine to run conjure-up and you deploy spells such as openstack-novalxd to localhost and you want to be able to access things like the openstack dashboard.

The simplest way to accomplish this is on your local machine run the following:

$ sudo apt install sshuttle
$ sshuttle -r <remote-host-ip> <subnet-of-localhost-deployment>

The subnet of localhost is going to be what conjure-up configured the network bridge for. By default this is set to 10.0.8.1/24. Lets also say the remote host’s ip is 172.16.0.5 so you’ll want to do the following

$ sshuttle -r 172.16.0.5 10.0.8.1/24
[local sudo] Password:
client: Connected.

It will then ask you to enter your sudo password and once complete will let you know that the sshuttle is connected. From there you can open your web browser and access the horizon dashboard as if it was running on your local machine.

Assuming the openstack-dashboard was deployed to a machine whose ip is 10.0.8.15, you could run:

$ xdg-open https://10.0.8.15/horizon

Otherwise if you're running conjure-up on your laptop, then those lxd container addresses should be accessible.

Reference: http://conjure-up.io/docs/en/users/#running-conjure-up-remotely


Code Folding

The plugin throws an error on the
command line when you try to fold.
But it may be something a good Python
programmer could fix in five minutes.

Apparently code folding is slated to
be supported by gedit natively
eventually.
Pylint

The one reference to a plugin I found
pointed to a bzr branch that no
longer exists.
Splitview

I don't use it much, but it does a
good enough job for me.
Spell Check

The plugin should be enabled by
default. Use Tools > Autocheck
Spelling to turn it on.
Whitespace Removal

Removes unnecessary whitespace on
saving a file.
Regex Search and Replace:

Extract to your plugins directory,
enable, and use Tools > Regex Search
& Replace.
Others:

The gedit-plugins package comes with
some handy plugins. You should check
that out.


Error while installing DBeaver On Ubuntu 14.04

I had this issue and this is what worked for me:

sudo apt-get -f install

This installs dependencies and then finishes DBeaver.

Full script:

wget http://dbeaver.jkiss.org/files/dbeaver-ce_latest_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i dbeaver-ce_latest_amd64.deb
rm dbeaver-ce_latest_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get -f install


Issues with original script

There's a few problems with your script. First of all, the first line should be #!/usr/bin/awk -f. Second you said,

  It should print out the file information and a line number

but in  your script  this part counts line number instead of file count, which is also redundant , because AWK has NR and FNR variables that already do that:

{
    files++;
    print files, "\t", $9, "\n", $3, "\n\n";
}

Proper working approach

As far as I understand, your main requirement is to print line count in each file and print total processed files in current directory. This can be easily done with bash on command line:

$ counter=0; for file in * ; do [ -f "$file" ] && [ -r "$file"  ] &&  { wc -l "$file"; counter=$(($counter+1)); }; done ; echo "Total files:" "$counter"
45 center_active_window.py
41 get_terminal.py
91 typescript
1 xprop.txt
17 xrandr_script.py
Total files: 5

If you insist on doing this with awk , it's possible as well , but pay attention - all files in the directory should be regular text files and readable.

Below is the script and its sample run:

$ cat ~/filecount.awk
#!/usr/bin/awk -f

FNR==1{

    if (FNR!=NR){
        print counter,last_file;
    }
    filecounter++;
    last_file=ARGV[ARGIND];
    counter=0
};

{counter++};

END{
    print last_file,counter;
    print "Files processed: ", filecounter;
}

$ ~/filecount.awk *  2> /dev/null
45 center_active_window.py
41 get_terminal.py
91 typescript
1 xprop.txt
xrandr_script.py 17
Files processed:  5

The idea here is simple:

every time line number in file ( the FNR variable ) is 1 , we record filename using ARGV array and ARGIND variable. We increment file counter, and set line number to 0;
if the record number isn't the same as record number in current file, that means we've already processed at least one file, so we can print out the information about it. That's what the if (FNR!=NR){ . . . part does
Essentially we're processing file, and then looking backwards at its info.
Once we're through all files, we need to print information about last one (because remember, the script works by looking backwards at all items) , and then print the total file counter.


Your Skype chat history is stored inside a file named main.db located  by default at:

~/.Skype/SKYPEUSERNAME/

Open the File

These files are binary files and can be viewed using:

a Hex editor like ghex;
or a regular editor like GVim;
BUT for an efficient analysis, you should use a SQLite editor like Sqliteman:

Performing a query to select the intended data, you can export the results to CSV, HTML, XLS, SQL and other formats.

Backup the File

You can use a simple cp command to copy the folder to somewhere else you want it to.
You can put this command in a cron.daily if you want it to run daily.


What does lint_package_filename_arch_valid mean?

There are a couple of reasons why you might see this message, each related to the package filename.  Firstly, ensure your package filename follows the rules outlined at:

What does lint_package_filename_format mean?

Secondly, ensure that the architecture segment of the package filename is a valid architecture. Valid architectures are:

amd64
armhf
i386
all
multi

Additionally, the architecture unknown may be used, in which case this test will be skipped.


If you are using Gnome Shell, type "about" in the overview and press Enter. The graphics card you are using is shown in the window. As you can see in the attached screenshot, I am using the Nvidia card.


How to set the hostname of a postfix mail server?

The hostname is really the name of your VPS host. The name in your MX record goes into mydomain.

myhostname=server.example.com
mydomain=mail.example.com # if you receive emails as me@mail.example.com, or mydomain=example.com if you receive emails as me@example.com


Dependency problem when installing Kernel 4.2.6 on NUC computer running Trusty

Silly me: I downloaded the i386 packages rather than the amd64 packages. I 'removed' the i386 packages and installed the amd64 packages and now OK.


How to setup a wireless connection with an Eee PC 1005?

I have a 1005HA, and wireless worked out of the box. I did have to specifically enable wireless in the BIOS for it to work though, for some reason it came disabled!


How can I force a command to execute before an application starts running

Take advantage of the fact that the path is searched in order for applications.

roadmr@blackdog:~$ which firefox
/usr/bin/firefox
roadmr@blackdog:~$ echo $PATH
/home/roadmr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games

So when you try to run "firefox" it will be searched for in those directories, it's eventually found in /usr/bin and executed.

But if you place a wrapper named firefox in e.g. /usr/local/bin, which does the pre-run actions you require and ends up calling /usr/bin/firefox (absolute path here, or you'll end up in a loop) then this wrapper will be used whenever someone runs just "firefox" (and note that the .Desktop launcher also specifies just "firefox", a relative name which will still search in the PATH). This is because /usr/local/bin/firefox comes before /usr/bin/firefox in path search order.


As I have seen its not possible to give you either full answer or part of the answer but there is a wonderful tutorial which can help you to play optfine in Ubuntu . that can help you completely .

Optfine in Ubuntu


Is it easy to port firefox OS apps to ubuntu touch?

FirefoxOS apps per se will not work on Ubuntu as the APIs are different. However, as wilf so kindly pointed out above, IF the app is CSS or Javascript it might work.

  Will Ubuntu Touch have a Firefox browser anytime soon?

That's up to Firefox: Send them a tweet at @MozPDX and ask.


How can I get Awesome WM to display GNOME wallpapers on tags 2-9?

I reinstalled Awesome, and this hasn't been happening again in 14.04.


How to setup multiple simultaneous access to x11vnc session

From man x11vnc

   -shared

          VNC  display is shared, i.e. more than one viewer can connect at
          the same time (default off).

   -once

          Exit after the first successfully connected viewer  disconnects,
          opposite of -forever. This is the Default.

   -forever

          Keep  listening for more connections rather than exiting as soon
          as the first client(s) disconnect. Same as -many

So you probably want -shared -forever


How can I change the folder icon in Nautilus with a command?

If you want to change the special folder icons (xdg user directories), you'll have to change them by making a custom theme. They are set to a specific name which is provided by the theme, and based on which folders are set as your Music, Documents, Videos, etc… folders.

To set a custom icon name to use from the theme, for the ~/.wine/drive_c folder for example, you can run the following in a terminal:

gvfs-set-attribute ~/.wine/drive_c metadata::custom-icon-name folder-wine

This should make Nautilus use the folder-wine icon. However, this icon will not be used in GTK+ file selectors or other applications. To unset the custom icon name, you can run the following in a terminal:

gvfs-set-attribute -t unset ~/.wine/drive_c metadata::custom-icon-name folder-wine

Note, that if you've previously set a custom icon on the file, within Nautilus directly, you'll have to unset that icon. You can do this by opening the properties dialog for that file in Nautilus, clicking on the button with the icon on it, and choosing "Revert" in the file chooser dialog which opens up.


How can I install pygame 1.9.2 on ubuntu 13.04?

Probably not, so I recommend just downloading the source for now and wait for this version to hit the repos. It wouldn't really make sense to create a PPA for this, since it will be in the actual repos in just a couple of months.

Download the source here at its new bitbucket home. Some instructions are also available on the wiki for compiling and installing pygame.


How to get VPN internal traffic and external internet traffic to work simultaneously

The problem was being caused by the router's settings.

It was using 192.168.1.x for the local range and when I changed it to use 192.168.0.x everything started to work properly.

The VPN was using IPs in two ranges - 10.0.0.x and 192.168.1.x. As my machine was assigned an IP in the 10.0.0.x range it wasn't clear that the VPN was also using a range that was conflicting.


Postgres changes file permissions to its detriment

Check the owner of /var/run/postgresql and set it to postgres if not already so To do so, type

  sudo chown -R postgres:postgres /var/run/postgresql**

If the user you are running as does not have sudo privilege, then

1) Change to root

  su -

2) Change ownership of /var/run/postgresql to postgres user and postgres group

  chown -R postgres:postgres /var/run/postgresql

I had the same problem when installing postgres on Ubuntu 14.04 and changing the ownership fixed the problem for me.


How to remap key codes without '/usr/lib/keymap' (which is gone in Saucy, and in Trusty, ...)?

Keymappings are still done with udev in trusty (and saucy, I guess), but the mechanism changed.

To remap a key, only one ioctl(EVIOCSKEYCODE) is necessary, but no simple program doing that exists any more. It is now internal to udev. So do this:

tell udev the mappings

create a file /etc/udev/hwdb.d/keyboard.hwdb
write only the keyboard identifier in there and mappings you want to change (the format is like in /lib/udev/hwdb.d/60-keyboard.hwdb, where I also found those confusing identifiers for my keyboard); for example:

keyboard:name:ThinkPad Extra Buttons:dmi:bvn*:bvr*:bd*:svnLENOVO*:pn*
 KEYBOARD_KEY_00=msdos
 KEYBOARD_KEY_09=prog3
 KEYBOARD_KEY_0a=dashboard

udevadm hwdb --update
check if you see your updates via udevadm hwdb --test='keyboard:name:ThinkPad Extra Buttons:dmi:bvn*:bvr*:bd*:svnLENOVO*:pn*' (change to your keyboard id)
udevadm control --reload is needed even if the man-page says otherwise – I tried it.

trigger their execution (or simply reboot)

with a running udevadm monitor --property you can see the effect of the next step, the --property option will reveal the remappings
for my keyboard I do a udevadm trigger --verbose --sysname-match=event6 --action=add The “add action” is important, because “change” events are ignored in the current keyboard rules.
in your case a --sysname-match=event3 would do it, but you can play around with it via these three:

udevadm trigger --dry-run --verbose shows you all devices
inspire you fantasy for matcher building with udevadm info /sys/devices/platform/thinkpad_acpi/input/input12/event6 or whatever your device
udevadm trigger --help will give you hint how to reduce the next trigger dry-run


How can I reload the Ethernet service (without stopping the current connection)?

Have you tried:

systemctl reload networking

or

systemctl reload networking.service


How to change which file manager the keyboard shortcut points to in Kubuntu 18.04

Note: this answer is speculative because I don't see the Meta+E shortcut to launch the file manager on my Kubuntu 18.04!

Open System Settings > Shortcuts > Custom Shortcuts
Click on Edit > New > Global Shortcut > Command/URL
In the interface that appears,

for the Comment enter  a suitable description,
for the Action, enter krusader,
for the Trigger, in the box next to Shortcut click on None which will change to Input,
press Meta+E.
You'll probably get a beep and a window will appear to warn you that Meta+E conflicts with the shortcut assigned to File Manager.
Click on Reassign to override the existing setting thereby setting Meta+E to launch Krusader.
Click Apply.

From now on, Meta+E will launch Krusader.

Re.

  … I did discover, though, when right-clicking an empty spot on the desktop, the context menu has an entry, Open with Krusader
  Alt+D,T which does work. I don't
  know where this shortcut is defined. …

In Kubuntu 18.04 or 19.04, right-clicking on the desktop pops up a context menu with one option being Configure Desktop. Choosing that opens a new window. Select mouse actions on the left and then, next to the dropdown for Right button there's a settings icon. Clicking on that has the Alt+D,T setting (among others). For me, on both systems, it's already there and set to Open with Dolphin by default. In your case, it reflects your preference for Krusader.

The image below is from Kubuntu 19.04 with Plasma 5.16.5 and so the icons aren't the same as those in Kubuntu 18.04:


There’s no need to use fc if you just need the current command line, as the shell variable BASH_COMMAND holds exactly that. I’d just trap the DEBUG signal and use this variable as before, e.g.:

trap 'echo "$USER":"$BASH_COMMAND" >>/path/to/log' DEBUG

This also has the advantage that it doesn’t write anything to the log if you just press Enter – fc just reads the last entry from the history list. Unfortunately I wasn’t able to test your logger command on my system, but you sound like it worked fine, so this should work as well:

trap 'logger -p local1.notice -t bash -i -- "$USER":"$BASH_COMMAND"' DEBUG

Example run

Note how aliases like ls, empty lines (Enter) and typo’d commands are logged.

$ trap 'echo "$USER":"$BASH_COMMAND" >>/path/to/log' DEBUG
$ uname
Linux
$ pwd
/home/dessert
$ hostname
dessert’s plowhorse
$ ls
dir1 file1 file2
$
$
$ bahs
No command 'bahs' found, did you mean:
 Command 'bash' from package 'bash' (main)
 Command 'bats' from package 'bats' (universe)
bahs: command not found
$ cat /path/to/log
dessert:uname
dessert:pwd
dessert:hostname
dessert:ls --color=auto
dessert:bahs
dessert:cat /path/to/log


DNS not resolving on same network only from outside - 3 days of headache already

Sorry for the late reply and thanks for the help, but I have found my issue.

Apparently my server was under DoS attack, luckily only a few ip's.
Somehow this only affected machines inside the home network and not directly the server it self, because I was able to access it from outside my home network.

I've blocked them using ufw firewall and it seems I'm able to access my server now.

If someone has a better answer to prevent this, please let me know.


Latest opera broken speed dial and rendering bugs

I had the exact same issue (on the exact same versions of Opera and Ubuntu).
You can fix this problem by following these steps:
- Go to "Edit" -> "Preferences" -> "Browser".
- Scroll down to "Advanced settings" and check "Show advanced settings".
- A "System" section will show up. Uncheck "Use hardware acceleration when available".
- Restart Opera.


how to list or change name to HDD in nautilus

Maybe you can try writing udev rules like this.

KERNEL=="sd*", ENV{ID_FS_UUID}=="your-disk1-uuid", ENV{ID_FS_LABEL}="Disk_1", ENV{ID_FS_LABEL_ENC}="Disk_1"
KERNEL=="sd*", ENV{ID_FS_UUID}=="your-disk2-uuid", ENV{ID_FS_LABEL}="Disk_2", ENV{ID_FS_LABEL_ENC}="Disk_2"
KERNEL=="sd*", ENV{ID_FS_UUID}=="your-disk3-uuid", ENV{ID_FS_LABEL}="Disk_3", ENV{ID_FS_LABEL_ENC}="Disk_3"


I had the same problem with fresh install. Try adding the i386 architecture:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

Then try the setup again.


"Some required components are missing"--cannot connect from Linux to Windows w/Chrome Remote Desktop

I discovered the answer to my question:

Despite having used Linux Ubuntu, Xubuntu, and Mint for the last 4 years or so, I never knew they can run actual Google Chrome, instead of just Chromium. The solution lies in simply installing the actual Google Chrome. So here's the answer:

Download Google Chrome for Linux Ubuntu/Xubuntu: https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/desktop/. My download was called google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
Install it. You may be able to do this simply by double-clicking the installation file and following the installer. When I tried that, however, it failed for some reason, so I had to do it via the terminal:

sudo chmod +x google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb <--I'm not sure if this command is necessary, but I did it anyway.
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb. This worked for me! It only took a few seconds to install Google Chrome. Note that I now have both Chromium and Google Chrome installed at the same time with no conflicts. They work fine together, as they are separate programs.

Now, the Chrome Remote Desktop app works just fine for me, and I no longer get the error (mentioned above in my question) like I did when I tried it with just Chromium installed. I am able now to remote-connect from Linux Xubuntu 16.04 to Windows 8.1 (which also has Google Chrome Remote Desktop installed and configured as a host/server) just fine! Finally, an easy way to connect from Linux to Windows, not just the other way around.

General Remote Desktop connection recommendations:

For remote connections from Windows to Linux I recommend using Windows' built-in Remote Desktop Connection client on Windows, and the xrdp server on Linux. For terminal-only logins, I use PuTTY on Windows to SSH into the Linux machine.
For remote desktop connections from Linux to Linux I recommend using Remmina as the client on Linux, and xrdp as the server on Linux. For terminal-only logins, I still like using PuTTY as the client on Linux (sudo apt-get install putty) to SSH from one Linux machine into another.
For remote desktop connections from Linux to Windows, OR Windows to Windows I recommend using Google Chrome and the Chrome Remote Desktop App on both the Linux and the Windows system, as described in my answer above.

Cheers,
~Gabriel
www.ElectricRCAircraftGuy.com


Changing the editor background colour in Eric IDE

I had the same problem:

Settings > Preferences > Editor > Style, just changes the first unknown file type.

You need to change:

Settings > Preferences > Editor > Highlighters > Styles --- choose a language
Python 3 or 2

eric6-preferences


Boot an up-to-date Ubuntu linux OS from cdrom or dvd

In general, the answer is yes, and depending on what you know about building a live system or even a bootable CD you can call it "horribly complex" or "pretty easy".

The issue is that the liveCD / CD installer must be usable on just any piece of hardware. It needs to check the hardware, recognize it, and select the appropriate drivers, and then produce the apropriate configuration files for your system to boot up. Therefore this liveCD system cannot be simply the image of your running system, where this has already happened during installation.

There are several tools in debian / Ubuntu systems that allow you to create such CD images. What one does is to create a folder, and within that folder make a complete, customized Ubuntu install, including, for example, any additional packages, specific config files etc.

A detailed guide can be found here.


How to reset compizconfig-settings-manager settings?

From the CCSM Main screen (click) Preferences -> (click) Rest to defaults.

After making changes you can save various configurations and use this same screen to restore to a working configuration.  This way if it becomes unusable again, you won't have to back all the way back to the defaults.  You can restore a previous configuration.

Many of the settings under CCSM can be found in the Unity Tweak Tool.  Install this to gain control over the corrupted settings:

$ sudo apt install unity-tweak-tool

This command will get restore most of the defaults:

$ unity-tweak-tool --reset-unity

You may have to run the command unity to load the new settings.


Ubuntu 17.10 - Bluetooth headphones don't work

I've had a similar thing with my Sony, then I realised I needed to "re-pair". Have you tried this : To put your headset in pair mode, press and hold the power switch towards the Bluetooth icon until you hear "pairing" and the headset LEDs flash red and blue. Release the button and set the headset aside. Activate Bluetooth on your computer and set it to search for new devices. If prompted for a passkey, enter 0000 (four zeros).


Where can I find the names of the various settings dialogs?

You can access them by running gnome-control-center. Many of them are not separate applications, but are modules which are embedded in the control center directly.


Why does Zoom screenshare crash i3wm on annotating?

Not on ubuntu (Enterprise Linux), but I was having issues with the annotations if I didn't have a compositor running.
I used zoom's support article to run with their recommended settings with compton instead of xcompgr and it seemed to fix the annotation issue.
Unfortunately I still have an issue where my screen sharing will randomly freeze. One problem at a time.


Can't add a printer shared on windows 7 on Ubuntu 18.04

It is possible that the access control list of the smb printer needs to be adjusted on the windows machine. I am not a windows person but on Windows servers there is a utility called icacls or similar that does this kind of stuff.


Works fine for me. No build errors.
Tested it in VM with Ubuntu 18.04LTS.
I did all steps except make and make install, which are not needed and must not be done with DKMS.

make + make install are for manual installation only if you do not use DKMS. Then you have to do make + make install every time you install new kernel or you have no driver with your new kernel. That is why DKMS was inveted - so you do not have to. Everything is automatic with DKMS.

My build log, no errors:

$ sudo dkms autoinstall $PACKAGE_NAME/$PACKAGE_VERSION

Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel.  Skipping...

Building module:
cleaning build area...
make -j2 KERNELRELEASE=4.15.0-70-generic -C /lib/modules/4.15.0-70-generic/build M=/var/lib/dkms/rtl8723bu/4.3.6.11_12942.20141204_BTCOEX20140507-4E40/build............
cleaning build area...

DKMS: build completed.

rtl8723bu.ko:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/4.15.0-70-generic/updates/dkms/

depmod...

DKMS: install completed.

If you did make install, then you have to clean it up before trying again.
Try that (replace /path/to with real path):

cd /path/to/rtl8723bu
sudo make uninstall

And then try again without make and make install
If you have not done anything else then you probably only need those two lines from 4th step:

source dkms.conf
sudo dkms autoinstall $PACKAGE_NAME/$PACKAGE_VERSION


Disable Touchpad via FN key (Asus Laptop)

Here's a script I use with an XFCE-handled keyboard shortcut on my ASUS laptop because the touchpad hotkey is the only one that doesn't work:

#!/bin/bash
name="BYD"
tp=`xinput list|grep "$name"|awk -F= '{print $2}'|awk '{print $1}'`
state=`xinput list-props $tp|grep 'Device Enabled'|awk -F\: '{print $2}'|awk '{print $1}'`
(( $state )) && xinput disable $tp || xinput enable $tp

BYD is the weird touchpad that came along with; substitute ALPS or Synaptics or the unique string from any other input device as needed/desired. It should work in any desktop environment as long as X is behind it.


How to autostart a daemon after installation?

Write a upstart job, see upstart: Getting Started
Add start job command to debian/postinst of deb package, see Debian Binary Package Building HOWTO


Ubuntu One is not a file hosting service, no. If you want to host a download for your project, and your app is open source, you can create a project for it on https://launchpad.net/, create a release, and upload a file to be downloaded for each release.


This guide (Which took me a little over 3 days to write and test) was made to solve most problems regarding the correct installation of Minecraft. It is very thorough and oriented for Ubuntu 11.10+ since this was the first version to include OpenJDK 1.7, but it might still be missing more information to solve more problems regarding Minecraft.

I also did not have enough time to test versions below 11.10, but if it works or not on versions below it is just a matter of testing the steps mentioned here (But with OpenJDK 1.6). The guide was also created to try to solve all problems using OpenJDK before trying to switch to Oracle’s Java version. I will try to cover most common problems and do a slow step by step guide on how to install Minecraft, Minecraft Server and Tips to troubleshoot, doing everything as simple as possible. If you find a typo, missing information or have tips, please let me know so we can enhance this even further.

Before reading this guide, there are a couple of new ways of installing Minecraft. We first have the Official Minecraft Launcher that works correctly with versions 1.6+. To get it simply go to the Minecraft Download site or just click on the Minecraft Launcher Link. Run the Launcher and it will take care of any libraries needed and any updates. I tested this in 13.04 and it is working out of the box. You only need to have OpenJDK installed which is mentioned in this answer below.

Another way is to use the Minecraft Installer. It is a quick and easy way to install Minecraft and make sure everything works correctly (Very good script). This is for Ubuntu 12.04+. Simply:

Open the terminal: Type terminal on the Dash. Open the Dash by pressing the SUPER button.
Install the PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:minecraft-installer-peeps/minecraft-installer

Update system and install minecraft installer:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install minecraft-installer

Type minecraft in the Dash:

Play

Just tested this and it works perfectly. Although if the game starts and you get a black screen please keep on reading, specially the part about LWJGL, you might be missing the installation/overwriting of this libraries in your minecraft folder.

If you do not want to use the PPA or the Official Launcher then by all means, read this guide which will guide you through another long path...

This is a 3 stage guide. Before Downloading Minecraft we need to first:

See if we have the hardware required.
See if we have the tools needed to install and play it.
Install the game in the proper order with the proper files.

(Tested on Ubuntu 11.10, 12.04, 12.10 and 13.04 in both 32 Bit and 64 Bit versions)

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS (Recommended)

CPU - 2 GHz (It will run on lower Hertz but you will need hours of yoga training because it will be slower to start and play.)

RAM - 512 MB Minimum, 2 GB Recommended

VIDEO - Recommended starting from Nvidia Geforce FX and up, Intel GMA 3000 (4th Gen) and up or Radeon 9000 Series and up. It will run on less but this are the recommended.

If you do not meet or exceed the Hardware Requirements, some of the problems you will face are:

Video Glitches (Strange graphics while playing or in the game menu)
Slow rendering (Less than 10 FPS) and sound problems
Crashes after a certain amount of time
Minecraft becomes unresponsive for a couple of seconds (It repeats)
System freeze

NOTE: It is very important to verify that you have correctly installed you video card and that it supports OpenGL. The fastest way to do this is to install the mesa-utils package:

sudo apt-get install mesa-utils

then run:

glxinfo | grep -e "direct rendering"

This will tell you, if you are using Direct Rendering (Which is needed for 3D). If Yes you are good, if NO then you have to get a better video card or install the proper drivers for it. For NVIDIA and ATI use the proprietary drivers.

TOOLS NEEDED

1. Wine

Wine might be needed to install Minecraft if you happen to download an .EXE version of it. I really have to strongly mention that if you have the Windows version, you can move to the Linux launcher with no problem at all and will not loose any work previously done. The procedure to copy any skins and other mods is mentioned below but the point is, Minecraft works great on Ubuntu after version 1.6.

Go to WINEHQ and follow the instructions there. If not just execute the following lines:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa -y
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine1.5

( This should install the latest Wine version at the moment )

After installing it, run winecfg to configure it. Then close it. You only need to open it once for the configuration to be done.

2. Download the LWJGL (Lightweight Java Game Library)

This step is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED since it will solve 99% of the problems Ubuntu users face with Minecraft. Even if you use the official Launcher or the PPA you need to do this.

Go to the following LINK to download it:

Always download the ZIP version. Don't download the SOURCE, DOCS or APPLET versions. Stick with the one with the lwjgl-VERSION.zip. For example the one I downloaded was lwjgl-2.8.5.zip

Just in case, apart from downloading the one I mentioned, also install the LWJGL version that comes with Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install liblwjgl-java

3. Download/Install OpenJDK (Which comes with Ubuntu) if not installed yet

In the terminal type the following:

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre default-jdk icedtea-7-plugin

(If you want the OpenJDK Version 7 which I recommend)

sudo apt-get install openjdk-6-jre default-jdk icedtea-6-plugin

(If you want the OpenJDK Version 6)

Note: If you have Java installed, the command update-java-alternatives will be available, which means that you already have Java (OpenJDK, Sun JDK, Any JDK). To test, just go to the terminal and type update-java-alternatives. If the command is there, it will throw a help message. If not, you will get an error about command not found. This is a quick way to know if you already have Java.

After the test, check which version you have by typing the following:

update-java-alternatives -l

It should show something similar to this:

  server@server:~$ update-java-alternatives -l
  java-1.7.0-openjdk-i386 1071 /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-i386

In this example, we have version 1.7 of OpenJDK for a 32bit Environment (Because of the i386 at the end. 64 Bit would have an amd64 at the end instead of i386.)

To check if there is anything missing just change/set the java alternative.

sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-1.7.0-openjdk-i386

In this case the 32 bit version. If it is 64 bit it would look something like

sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64

Type update-java-alternatives -l to see what Java versions you have if you are using another or are in 64 bit.

If changing/setting the Java alternative throws any errors, read the error and install any additional needed packages. I tried to cover all errors already with the installation of Java above. After this, there should be no errors when checking. At least no critical errors that will cause Minecraft to misbehave.

4. Compression/Decompression tool

The one I use is 7-Zip.

sudo apt-get install p7zip-full p7zip-rar

5. The Minecraft Executable Launcher (Minecraft Launcher)

Download this from the Official Minecraft Site:

Direct link HERE

This file will go in your home folder. I recommend the home folder because it will be easier to follow it through the rest of the tutorial. For example if my user is CYREX then it will go in /home/CYREX. Verify that you have correctly downloaded this file since in Chrome for example, clicking on a .jar file will try to execute the file instead of downloading it for some users. Just right click in the link in the DOWNLOAD section of the minecraft site and tell it to download to your home folder.

After that, open the terminal and in your home folder type chmod +x minecraft.jar. This will give the file an executable property so you can (Obviously ^^) execute the file to play the game. The file should go in your home folder since it will try to read your .minecraft folder which will also be in your home folder (I will mention how to do this later on). This step is not needed if you want to execute the file from the terminal. If you want to execute the file via GUI with Nautilus, you will need the executable bit.

You can also give the executable property by right clicking the file, going to the permissions tab and activating the "Execute" option. The one that says "Allow executing file as program".

Reboot the PC (Just in case)

Now you are ready to install the game...

THE GAME

Downloading Minecraft

You can download Minecraft from:

Ubuntu Software Center
Official Site
3rd Party Promotional Sites - MinecraftInstall / MinecraftInstallDownload

If you download the game from the Ubuntu Software Center or from the official site (For Linux) there is no need to do some of the following steps mentioned here since they will be done for you. Credits go to Marco Ceppi. The only one needed would be the minecraft launcher for Linux that is needed for updates and to launch the game.

The game is around 50MB. Take note of the size before downloading it from anywhere that is not from the official site (Just in case). I mention this since, sometimes we get confused downloading the Client (Jar file only) versus the complete Game. The difference is that the Jar executable file is around 5MB (The minecraft.jar that is found in the minecraft wiki and goes inside the .minecraft/bin folder). The Minecraft launcher is less than 100kb. The actual game as I said before is 50MB.

If you are like me and had the game first on Windows then install the game using Wine (No need to buy it again).

After installation is finished, the game should have created the .minecraft folder in /home/USER/.wine/drive_c/users/USER/Application Data. To go there simply open DASH and type the C letter. If you have wine configured already, the Browse C: Drive icon should appear. Click on it. From here on go to users --> USERNAME (Depends on your Ubuntu user) --> Application Data.

When you get inside the Application Data, you will not see the .minecraft folder right away. You need to press CTRL+H so that the hidden folders/files appear. You can now see the .minecraft folder.

Select the .minecraft folder and copy it to your home folder. For example /home/cyrex would be my home folder, after copying it should look like /home/cyrex/.minecraft. Now, go to your home and inside your .minecraft folder. The location should look similar to this /home/cyrex/.minecraft.

In this image, since the user is SERVER, the location is /home/server/.minecraft

Since we want to go inside the .minecraft folder, you need to either press CTRL+H and in the home folder look for the .minecraft folder or press CTRL+L and add in the location bar .minecraft after the slash in /home/USER/ so it looks like /home/USER/.minecraft, then press ENTER.

Now inside the minecraft folder go to the BIN folder.

Remember the LWJGL Libraries you downloaded earlier on. You are going to use them. Decompress the ZIP LWJGL file. Inside the decompressed folder you will find the following sub folders (Help about this step can also be found HERE ):

A JAR folder. The content of the JAR folder should go into the Minecraft BIN folder inside .minecraft. Overwrite all files that ask for it.
A NATIVE folder with several folders inside. Inside the NATIVE folder you will find the LINUX folder. The content of the NATIVE/LINUX folder should go into BIN/NATIVES folder inside .minecraft. Again, overwrite any file that asks.

Just a recap:

JAR Folder --> .minecraft/bin
NATIVE/LINUX Folder --> .minecraft/bin/natives

Overwrite anything when you copy the files to your minecraft's BIN or BIN/NATIVE folder.

Now in Nautilus, in your home folder, select the minecraft.jar (The one that is less than 100KB in size) inside your home folder (NOT inside your .minecraft folder) and right click on it. Select open with and select the OpenJDK version you have installed.

Now PLAY!. You can also execute the game from the terminal like this:

java -jar minecraft.jar

assuming the terminal opens in your home folder (This is the default behavior).

TROUBLESHOOTING

Up to this point, for many users, the game will work just fine. The game will open and all will be fine and dandy. But if you happen to have a problem, then read the following since all hell will break loose. If the game starts throwing errors, not start, give a black screen, etc.. keep on reading to solve some of this common problems. Just in case, repeat all the steps above and verify them slowly since a wrong download, wrong copy, not overwriting something or not pasting the file in the correct place will create the problem.

1. Minecraft does not open after doing all the steps mentioned above

If the game starts throwing errors like the following or similar:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/lwjgl/LWJGLException
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.lwjgl.LWJGLException
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:247)

In most case, it means that you are either executing the wrong minecraft.jar file (It should be the minecraft launcher which is less than 100kb in size and is named minecraft.jar and not the minecraft executable which is 5MB, is inside the .minecraft/bin folder and also happens to have the same minecraft.jar name) or you have not updated the libraries as I mentioned above with the newer LWJGL. Verify that you are in fact executing the correct minecraft.jar file and have overwritten and updated the correct library files.

2. Black Screen when loading game or after logging in

There are several reasons for this.

1st Case: Similar to the first point mentioned, just verify that you are running the correct minecraft.jar file.
2nd Case: Add the "net.minecraft.LauncherFrame" to the end of the executable line. For example: java -jar minecraft.jar net.minecraft.LauncherFrame.
3rd Case: If you are using a 64 Bit system, then EXPORT the library path. Type the following just before executing the launcher:

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64/lib/amd64/"

Then execute the launcher: java -jar minecraft.jar

(You might need to change the part about “java-1.7.0” to the actual one you are using, which can be: java-6-openjdk, java-7-openjdk, java-7-openjdk-i386, java-6-openjdk-amd64 and others.

(Remember that you can always right click the launcher and select Open with from the context menu, then select the OpenJDK you want to use.
4th Case: You forgot to overwrite the library files with the newer LWJGL ones. Remember to download the update Library files and overwrite the ones in the minecraft bin and bin/native folders. This apart from solving this problem also solves many other problems like sound, movement, crashes...

3. Got "Error: Could not find or load main class minecraft.jar"

You forgot to add the "-jar" to the java line. It should be java -jar minecraft.jar and not java minecraft.jar

4. Is there an Easy Minecraft installation script (including creating a Unity Launcher icon for Minecraft)

You can go to https://github.com/Enkouyami/Complete-Minecraft-Installer and download the script from there. Remember to give it an executable permission.

5. When playing Minecraft, my video card (Nvidia or Ati) starts heating up and the Fan speed goes up / CPU usage goes to 100%

There is a setting in the Minecraft options, inside the Video Settings called Performance. Make sure this option is on either Balanced or Power Save. For some video cards and CPU, if you set this option to Maximum FPS it will LITERALLY give you the max FPS the video card and CPU can handle while playing Minecraft, which will raise the temperature of the video card very fast since you want to see the MAXIMUM FPS the card can handle and will also keep the CPU focus more on the game. Change this option to a lower setting if you want the video card to lower the temperature, avoiding having to buy a video card very soon and also give the CPU a break from dying..

6. Minecraft menu and ingame are running very slow (Low FPS)

Lower all settings in the Minecraft Video Settings option. The options that really make a big deal (In order of most performance impact) are Render Distance, Graphics, Performance, Particles, Smooth Lighting, Use VSync and Clouds.

7. Minecraft is lagging

In the Minecraft option menu, in the Video options, turn off Server Textures. In the Snooper Settings, turn off Allow Snooper. This are the only options Client Side that will help with the lagging (Assuming the lagging is not video related but network related).

8. Keyboard and mouse are not responding while playing Minecraft

In some very rare cases (Assuming you have installed the LWJGL library correctly), you need to run minecraft as SUDO: sudo java -jar minecraft.jar

IBus can also be the problem.  If the previous method doesn't work, try quitting IBus from the system menu tray.

9. There is an OpenGL problem

Remember to install the proprietary drivers for your ATI or Nvidia video card.

10. How can I try the Development/Next version of Minecraft.

You only need to go to the minecraft wiki, in the development section HERE

And download the version you want and if it is client or server. The server should overwrite the server file you have (The one called minecraft_server.jar). The client should overwrite the minecraft client you have (Not the minecraft launcher in your home folder but the minecraft.jar file inside .minecraft/bin). I suggest to just rename the original file and put the new file along with the original one .

11. Is there any improvement in using Minecraft in a 32 Bit system or a 64 Bit system

There is little improvement in terms of speed. The only 2 performance changes I saw were the fact that I could put the render distance (Option in the Video Settings) in FAR and the speed in which the character loaded into the world. Apart from those two, there is little changes. If you would like to be able to see long distances I recommend 64 Bit, but still 32 Bit has a long distance too. Additionally, in some case, there is a problem when using 64 Bit. The solution is to use the LD_LIBRARY_PATH before executing the game. For example

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64/lib/amd64/"

Then

java -jar minecraft.jar

12. Are the parameters -Xmx and -Xms Needed?

Normally no, the default is enough for Minecraft to run smoothly, but if you are memory limited (2GB or less) or have too much memory (8GB or more) then, they can help somehow. Xms is the memory that is used when starting the program while Xmx is the maximum memory allowed. I would normally recommend setting both to the same value to eliminate the dynamic increase in memory between starting the program and the maximum used. Play with them if you have low memory. For example:

For a 1 GB memory system we can set them to  -Xms256M -Xmx512M
For a 2 GB memory system we can set them to  -Xms512M -Xmx1024M
For a 4 GB memory system we don’t need to set them but if you still want then a starting value could be -Xms1024M -Xmx2048M or -Xms2048M -Xmx4096M

The downside of not setting them is that the game might start asking for more and more memory until it crashes. This usually happened more in older versions (Memory leak) but not so much in later ones. Still, if your system crashes after a while, check your memory usage and use both variables to set the initial and top memory usage.

13. Error with OpenJDK (Version 6 and 7)

As a last case, if you just so happen to have a very weird and odd problem with Both, OpenJDK version 6 and 7 and there is no way to use them, then install the Oracle version, Sun JDK. Use the following line to install, update and configure the Sun JDK:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java -y && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer &&  sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-7-oracle

or the following:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java -y
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer
sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-7-oracle

This will add the PPA to your repositories, update your repositories, install the Oracle Java version and set the Java in use. in this case it is Java 7, but in the future it could change to Java 8. This is ONLY in case OpenJDK has a serious problem that not even upgrading or reinstalling it will fix.

PERSONAL NOTE - Giving the amount of sites (including the official ones) that mention Linux and then immediately offer as a first option the Sun Java platform and even recommend removing or purging the OpenJDK installation, I find this to be a very bad way of showing the potential OpenJDK has, specially over apps like Minecraft. Personally I find it that offering as a first option to install the Sun Java over OpenJDK without even giving OpenJDK a try in most cases, is a crude way to dismiss the Open Source Java platform over a closed sourced one, just because "it was first tested with Sun", "it is officially recommended by Minecraft" (or any other Java based program site) or OpenJDK gave an error 2 years ago.

OpenJDK has come a very long way to still be dismissed so easily and the development speed of OpenJDK is much bigger and faster than before, anybody that has followed the OpenJDK development knows this. I have left the option for Sun as the last alternative, not because of the Open Source / Closed Source issue, but because the fact that I have installed Minecraft in over 50 PCs ranging from Nvidia, Ati or Intel video cards to Pentium 2, Athlon XP and Core i7, using only OpenJDK, from the 1.2.5 up to the 1.4.5 version. So my experience with OpenJDK and Minecraft should speak for itself. Not only that, but most Minecraft problems are actually not solved by changing OpenJDK to Oracle’s Sun Java version, but solved by Java variables, updating libraries, executing the correct minecraft file, having the correct minimum hardware requirements or updating the minecraft version.

As one last tip, updating to a newer version of Ubuntu will solve many problems related to either OpenJDK, Sound problems, video problems and hardware problems in general. Some problems found while using 11.04 or 11.10 for example were solved by using a later Ubuntu version. Analyzing the amount of questions related to Minecraft in Askubuntu or the Ubuntu forum, we can see that there are less and less questions when the Ubuntu version is newer.

I really hope this guide will help future Ubuntu and Minecraft users and that any feedback will be added to it, making it a general guide for Minecraft in Ubuntu.


Firstly, I would not run CGI from your /home/ directory.  Permissions are not set up for that, for web servers, and can lead to some headaches at times, both with permissions configurations and other issues.

Secondly, I would suggest *creating a dedicated directory within /var/www/ (such as cgi-bin) where your CGI scripts get put, and use that in the Apache configuration.

sudo mkdir -p /var/www/cgi-bin/
sudo chown $USER:www-data /var/www/cgi-bin/

The above commands will create the directory and set up permissions so that you can write to the directory, and the webserver can read the directory and have access to do things inside the directory.

From there, drop your CGI there, make sure it's owned in a similar way (sudo chown $USER:www-data /var/www/cgi-bin/*) and then set your Apache configuration to use /var/www/cgi-bin instead of /home/router/cgi-bin.

If for some reason you must use /home/router/cgi-bin, then you need to do several things: permit www-data and all users to traverse up to the cgi-bin directory, and give www-data access to the directory itself.

sudo chgrp www-data /home/router/cgi-bin
sudo chmod +rx /home/
sudo chmod +rx /home/router/
sudo chmod 750 /home/router/cgi-bin/

The problem with this is you have to open your home directory just enough so that the 'other' category of users can reach into the directory structure and traverse it.  This is a security hole, because any other user shouldn't be permitted to traverse the file system into your home directory in this way, as it could lead to data leakage or theft of personal data.  (This is why most guides for web servers suggest NOT using home directories, and instead dedicated directories in /srv/ or /var/www/ for web server document directories)


Windows 8 removes Grub as default boot manager

I can make no promises, but try this from a Windows Command Prompt window launched with Administrator privileges:

bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi

Note that {bootmgr} should be typed exactly; that's not a variable. If that doesn't work, you could try this in Linux:

Back up the entire contents of /boot/efi (your EFI System Partition, or ESP).
Type sudo mv /boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi /boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft.
Type cp /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi /boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi.
Create a new /etc/grub.d/40_custom file entry that refers to EFI/Microsoft/bootmgfw.efi. Model it after the existing entry in /boot/grub/grub.cfg that refers to EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi; just remove Boot from the boot path and give the entry a new name.
Type sudo update-grub to install the new GRUB entry.

When you reboot, GRUB should come up. The trouble is that if/when Windows decides to re-install its boot loader, the system will start booting straight to Windows again.

For step 4, you can:

Copy the 40_custom entry beginning with menuentry 'Windows ...' situated between a set of ### BEGIN <path> ### and ### END <path> ### tags/comments. This is the entry having the path containing Boot.
Create a new entry in file /etc/grub.d/40_custom by adding the copied menuentry.
Change the name of the new entry (original should be Windows Boot Manager or something similar).
Change the path from EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi to EFI/Microsoft/bootmgfw.efi.

EDIT:

Since writing this answer, I've become aware of a third-party Windows tool called EasyUEFI, which is an easier GUI tool than bcdedit for adjusting the EFI boot order from Windows. I don't know if EasyUEFI will stop Windows from making changes, though, if Windows has a habit of setting itself as the default on every boot. Thus, bcdedit may still be required, but EasyUEFI is definitely worth trying, too.


How to fix dual-booting Windows 8 and Ubuntu 14.04 on a Sony Vaio?

One Sony user posted this:

The trick was to manually copy the ubuntu Boot directory in place of the \EFI\Boot Directory, and rename shimx64.efi to \EFI\Boot\bootx64.efi (not \EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi )

Boot-Repairs fix is the rename of bootmgfw.efi, which has to be redone if Windows updates its files. And then can only boot Windows from grub menu.

Some other options:

Alternative to Boot-Repairs rename of shim.
Some systems work better to register grub/shim from inside Windows - for those that keep resetting Windows as default

Grub not showing on startup for Windows 8.1 Ubuntu 13.10 Dual boot

bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi

https://coderwall.com/p/vfyqkg

Some install rEFInd which seems to be another workaround.

http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/index.html

http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/secureboot.html


How to record from 2 microphones to create a virtual environment (Binaural Recording)

What you want is probably just to record from two mics at once, then merge the two sound files into one stereo file.

Possibility one: Use a 2xMono->1xStereo adaptor to plug two analog mics into one mic socket

Possibility two:

The first part (record from 2 mics at once): this might help.

Also, maybe there is some trick to do this via pulseaudio

You'll probably need a fancy sound card, or two sound cards (one should note that USB mics usually are also separate sound cards)

The second part (create a stereo file): in here, it says:

SOX
can do things like combine 2 mono tracks into a stereo file.


Pulseaudio not using card I want output from

From that error message, I'm guessing you need to go to the Volume Menu -> "System Settings..." -> "Output" tab, then select the right hardware device.


On a default Ubuntu desktop install $PATH is:

$ echo $PATH
/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games

But in a minimal chroot environment created by debootstrap, $PATH only contains:

# echo $PATH
/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin


any support in any Ubuntu flavor for per-display DPI scaling?

Good news for KDE Plasma users.  It looks like the 5.11 BETA has this feature included and working on Wayland.  If you use Kubuntu you can use the backports ppa to get the latest and greatest faster.  Keep in mind though 5.11 isn't on backports ppa yet though.
https://launchpad.net/~kubuntu-ppa/+archive/ubuntu/backports

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt-get update

If you are on KDE Neon well then you probably already know you will get it soon as well.

https://www.kde.org/announcements/plasma-5.11/dual-monitor-dpi-change-wayland.jpg


Sharing git repo on NTFS partition between Linux/Windows dualboot

that happens because of the file mode. Windows and linux write files differently, so for both of them the files are constantly "new". type this in your directory:

git config core.filemode false

and the filesystem changes will dissapear from your index.


Facing problem during codeblocks uninstall Ubuntu 13.10

As the error said try the below command on terminal,

sudo apt-get -f install

After that you can install any softwares.


The music store is one of our most successful offerings, so much so that we have expanded the related services, including music streaming to phones, and will continue to expand these and other related offerings in the future.


Can I upgrade to maverick and keep my kernel?

I would recommend opening a bug (type ubuntu-bug linux) and trying to get the Maverick kernel fixed instead.

But, if you absolutely cannot avoid it, and need to run the Lucid kernel on a Maverick userspace, you will need to manually install (and update!) the Lucid kernel (as well as its headers, for VirtualBox). Here is the procedure I would recommend:

Edit your /etc/apt/sources.list to include:

  deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse

  deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse

  deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y linux-image-2.6.32-25-generic linux-headers-2.6.32-25-generic
Remove the Lucid lines from /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update
Edit /etc/default/grub and change GRUB_DEFAULT to the number kernel that will be Lucid.
sudo update-grub

I don't recommend removing linux-generic or linux-image-generic, since in theory the Maverick kernel will be fixed and you'll want to be able to always try the latest.

And again, since you will not be getting automatic updates, you will need to manually install newer Lucid kernels as they get published.


How do I install Ubuntu to another partition from Ubuntu with Unetbootin?

Basically Unetbootin wiki says to create a temp partition to install the live to, then install your real ubuntu in another partition and finally wipe your temporary one.

Another way to go, suggested there, would be going for the net-inst image which loads into RAM and leaves your hd free to be mounted or umounted.

Not to mention the link already provided by @Anwar Shah How to install Ubuntu from within other Linux Distributions without reboot


I have found a solution for me :-)

Look at the answer https://askubuntu.com/a/764289/543219

I have added the following code at the end of file "/etc/profile":

export GSETTINGS_SCHEMA_DIR=/usr/share/gconf/schemas:/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas
export XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/share/xubuntu:/usr/share/xfce4:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/

No it works. All Icons and the application menu are visible in the x2go session.


Peeking underneath that dialog you'll notice that you have enabled the coverart-browser plugin.

From my project web-page you'll notice in the README that the plugin coverart-search-providers is also a prerequisite for coverart-browser.

So what is coverart-search-providers?

Well, as my other project web-page also goes onto explain, this plugin is a...

  Drop in Rhythmbox replacement for the default CoverArt Search plugin
  to provide new and updated coverart search providers both local and by
  internet image hosts

Thus, you cannot - by design - have both the default cover art search plugin and the coverart-search-providers plugin enabled.

Here is a nice screen-shot that shows coverart-search-providers - you'll notice that you have various local search and internet search providers.

You are in complete control of how rhythmbox searches for its album art.  The default cover art search plugin does not have this flexibility.

For more information about how to use coverart-search-providers to its fullest potential, look at the linked projects wiki page:

https://github.com/fossfreedom/coverart-browser/wiki/How-to-find-great-coverart

If you want to continue using the default cover art search plugin, you need to untick the coverart-search-providers plugin.  This will also untick the coverart-browser plugin as well i.e. you cannot (by design) use coverart-browser with the cover art search plugin.


How to install Canon MP610 printer on Ubuntu 12.04 x64

Making a wiki because it doesn't seem like Arkadius is going to adhere to the site guidelines and move the answer out of his question.

Ensure you do not have any other canon drivers, either from canon it self or from other ppas by remove all other cannon PPAs you may have tried to install to fix this issue.

Remove any previously configured versions of your printer.

Remove the cnijfilter driver if it is installed:
sudo apt-get remove cnijfilter*

Add the following repository:
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:robbiew/cups-bjnp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install

Install cups for cannon and gutenprint:
sudo apt-get install cups-bjnp printer-driver-gutenprint

Restart CUPS:
sudo restart cups

Add yourself to group lp:
sudo usermod -G lp -a your_user_name

Add the  printer:

Click the Cog up in the right-hand corner of the screen and select Printers.
Turn on the printer and > make sure it is connected.
When the Printers windows appears, click +Add and wait a few minutes.
Your printer should appear within the configuration wizard.
Click the defaults and continue on. Cups should identify your printer.

Source: Cups seems broken under 12.04 LTS...


How much benefit does increasing memory RAM have on the system?

For GIMP (many large images open), fluid Openshot/Pitivi and some VMs you can't have enough RAM.

My workstation for example has 'just' 8 GiB and I have constantly 2 or 3 VMs open (each 1024 - 2048) and Java applications (Eclipse / Intellij) running, FF and Chrome with multiple tabs and several Flash applications open and just scratch the 6/7GiB mark.


System doesn't show option to select operating system during startup!

As someone explained, Sudo Update-grub should have done it for you , If not , You must restart ,Then at the beginning of boot before Ubuntu even dares to try to show up , Click Shift

Click Shift , Click Multiple or Hold , Then it says Loading Grub
Then you have your options , Click the recovery mode , And you can update grub from one of the options there , That is like a Back-up if the Terminal Commands fail you.

If that doesn't work , Then you might need to re-install Windows , I am having trouble with that myself so I can't help you there.


Have you tried using a different card reader or checking possibilities of it being some other device? (Yes, I know I should use comments, but I can't)


You don't need to worry about it; it is handled automatically.


What is the current status of the x32 ABI implementation in Ubuntu as of 14.04?

On 64bit installation you will experiencing big differences in memory usage ( especially for app like chrome, firefox, mysql and java apps ).

This is a is well known side effect of 64bit OSs anyway 64bit brings also some other advantage.

Here it comes x32 ABI: a kernel feature that is meant exactly to limit this issue.

What is x32 ABI:
according to this pdf it provide great memory advantage compared to a 64bit normal OS (even 40% enhancement).

Now if I 've understood x32-ABI requires:

Linux Kernel 3.4 compiled with CONFIG_X86_X32=y
Gcc 4.7
Binutils 2.22
Glibc 2.16
Recompiling all system libraries, required by an application, with gcc -mx32

How To try it
New kernel have the required flag by default so you need only the packaged compiled in the right way ( here Gentoo for sure rules ;)
On Ubuntu I'm not sure there any repository/ppa for this, anyway Debian and Arch have some solution:

Debian

Instruction about how to set up a chroot enviroment and run X32-ABI on debian:
https://wiki.debian.org/X32Port
x32 packages are hosted here: http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian/pool-x32/main/
Info about x32 Debian port http://debian-x32.org/

Arch

Here a repository with many X32 packages (such as chromium, mysql):
https://github.com/fantix/ArchLinux-x32


How to create an Ubuntu application CD/DVD with autorun?

In short, not really. Apps are not installed the same way they are in Windows, and autorun should be disabled by default, due to the security implications of having something run automatically and do things, possibly with elevated privileges (one needs root to install system software), when connecting a device.

Also, there's no real authentication of packages if you just put them on a disc, as snap expects packages to come from the store, and be signed by the store, while dpkg expects deb files to come from trusted archives with appropriate signatures. There's no good way to do it securely, as nothing already in the system is designed for this method of distribution, and so doesn't have a way to validate what's being installed.


sudo dpkg -i /path/to/your.deb or use GDebi.

More info can be found on the wiki about installing software.


How to debug the issue

Please increase the LogLevel to at least info or better debug.
Please investigate the error log.
Please provide detailed information about the url you want to access.

Most likely problem
The apache httpd server process run as user www-data in group www-data.
Can this user access the document behind your url ?
Note

You may also want to have a look for mod_userdir

This module allows user-specific directories to be accessed using the http://example.com/~user/ syntax.

A normal site DocumentRoot shouldn't be below the home directory of a normal user. This may lead to security degradation introduced by a slightly misconfiguration.


Install Ubuntu 20.04 and set an external hard disk as /home

You can set a separate partition to contain your /home folder by selecting "Something else" in the installer. Then, you are in charge of partitioning and assigning partitions yourself. You can repartition before installing using for example "Gparted", but you also can repartition from within the "Something else" option of the installer.
A '/home' partition must support linux permissions. Thus, you cannot use your ntfs partition as /home.
You could leave the /home partition on the system partition, and use the ntfs partition for the storage of user data. That way, user configuration data remain on the / partition under the /home folder, while user documents, music, etc. could live on the ntfs partition.
That makes installation easy - you can use a standard install. Once the system is installed, seamless access to the ntfs volume is very easy to set up:

Make sure the ntfs partition is automatically mounted during startup (it has to be included in /etc/fstab)
Create "Documents", "Music", etc folders on the `ntfs partition.
Replace the "Documents", "Music" etc. folders of the users by symbolic links that point to the respective folders on the ntfs volume.

For the user, this is transparent. They see "Documents" folders in their home folder that immediately bring them to the ntfs volume.
When working with ntfs:

Ensure Windows is always fully shut down after accessing the drive (disable Fast start), such that the ntfs volume is properly closed
To keep the ntfs volume healthy, have it connected to Windows now and then, and check it using the MS Windows drive checking tools.

A critical note: Even if it takes a long time, you always need a good backup before making system changes, even if you are looking for a system change that does not require you to wipe existing data. With a good backup strategy, daily backups actually do not take a long time. So first of all invest in a good backup strategy if you do not have this in place already.


Text color sometimes unreadable in Elegance KDE Desktop theme

You can manually change the colors:

Open $HOME/.kde/share/apps/desktoptheme/Elegance/colors in your favorite editor (vim, Kate, Sublime, ...)
Locate the [Colors:Button] section
Change ForegroundActive and ForegroundNormal to some darker color

Colors are written as R,G,B values. You can use some color picker to get the values for the color you want.

Save the file and logout/login (changing theme to something else and the back to Elegance also works)

Just as an example, here are the colors I used (still needs to be a bit darker I guess):

ForegroundNormal=86,85,84
ForegroundActive=86,85,84

and this is the result:


The installation of CUDA 5.0 fails on ubuntu 12.10 :

$ uname -a
Linux yoyo-laptop 3.5.0-17-generic #28-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 9 19:31:23 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 12.10
Release:        12.10
Codename:       quantal

$ cd /opt

$ sudo wget -c http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/5_0/rel/installers/cuda_5.0.35_linux_64_ubuntu11.10.run

$ md5sum cuda_5.0.35_linux_64_ubuntu11.10.run
dd82e9d1c5739806690c311e2f56c928  cuda_5.0.35_linux_64_ubuntu11.10.run

$ sha1sum cuda_5.0.35_linux_64_ubuntu11.10.run
bae5870868217bb0bc07d53a7e824301f9752e6a  cuda_5.0.35_linux_64_ubuntu11.10.run

$ sudo chmod +x cuda_5.0.35_linux_64_ubuntu11.10.run

$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc cc /usr/bin/gcc-4.5 50

$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.5.4-1ubuntu2) 4.5.4

$ sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglut.so /usr/lib/libglut.so

$ sudo ./cuda_5.0.35_linux_64_ubuntu11.10.run -verbose -optimus

Do you accept the previously read EULA? (accept/decline/quit): accept

Install NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 304.54? ((y)es/(n)o/(q)uit): y

Install the CUDA 5.0 Toolkit? ((y)es/(n)o/(q)uit): y

Enter Toolkit Location [ default is /usr/local/cuda-5.0 ]:

Install the CUDA 5.0 Samples? ((y)es/(n)o/(q)uit): y

Enter CUDA Samples Location [ default is /usr/local/cuda-5.0/samples ]:

Installing the NVIDIA display driver...

Verifying archive integrity... OK
Uncompressing NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 304.54...............................................................................................................................................................
Installing the CUDA Toolkit in /usr/local/cuda-5.0.
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing NVIDIA CUDA..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
===========
= Summary =
===========

Driver:   Installation Failed
Toolkit:  Installation Failed
Samples:  Cannot find Toolkit in /usr/local/cuda-5.0

Logfile is /tmp/cuda_install_30203.log


You can do this over Empathy's backend (telepathy) through another application called ssh-contact.

I haven't used it personally, but it seems to me like a good way of getting two novices to SSH into each other.

Of course another method would be to have them SSH to you (I assume you're competent enough to manage your port forwarding) and forward a port back to a ssh server on their machine.

Get them to run:

ssh -R 48724:localhost:22 your_username@your_ip

You obviously might not want them logging in as your user so you could create another user and have that just for SSHing. There obviously has to be a modicum of trust between you and the other user.

And then you run:

ssh -p 48724 their_username@localhost

I'm using a high port so root privileges aren't required.

Of course, they'll need openssh-server installed for you to connect but that's a simple sudo apt-get install openssh-server


You shouldn't lose your settings when you upgrade VirtualBox. If you are worried about losing your configuration or VM data, back up the "Virtual VMs" directory, Usually located at /home/userDirectory/Virtual VMs/

I suggest that you uninstall the package and install from the Oracle website.
Download from their webpage: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads

Uninstall using:

sudo apt-get remove virtualbox-5.0

Install with:

sudo dpkg -i virtualbox-5.2.x.x.x.x.x-xxxxxx~Ubuntu~XXXXX_amd64.deb


When I installed Ubuntu for the first time, I had the same dependency problems as you while installing the Chrome .deb file (before running update)

Therefore, press Ctrl+Alt+T to go to a terminal and run:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

... as that will install required dependencies.

Then just install chrome  from the Software Centre.


Ubuntu tutorial: The Linux command line for beginner

The files you have are named text_1.txt, and so on, while you're looking for test_1.txt, and so on.
TEST vs TEXT
  ^       ^

$ cat text_1.txt text_2.txt text_3.txt


Had also issues with Wifi on two laptops after installing 18.04
Fix: Replace default network manager with alternative.
Here is one link: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WICD


How to set the initial number of columns in gnome-terminal when opening multiple tabs?

You can change the profile preferences to match your requirements quite easily.
Choose edit->Profile preferences from the menu and adjust to match your requirements as shown below.