unity desktop workspace switcher 16.04 two monitor goes black

This conflict is desktop work-space expo with Wobbly Windows plugin when you have two monitors or more and enable both.

You can disable Wobbly Windows plugin for fix this problems.

Or if you don't want disable Wobbly Windows plugin there's another way:

Go to compizconfig settings manager > expo plugin > Appearance > multi Output mode item > change one big wall to good view.

This problem emerged in 16.04 and has not so far been fixed in newer versions.


Enable urlbar's "One click selects all" in chromium

An easy workaround is to use ctrl+L instead. Then you don't even need to move the mouse cursor to the navigation bar.


I have an ubuntu server that I deleted pip from, so ran install ubuntu desktop ^ now not sure if this is correct?

Manually removing files from places other than your home folder if you are unsure of what you are affecting is not a good starting sign....

First question would be, do you even remember what you removed in the first place ?

Secondly, apt-get install ubuntu-desktop^ indeed should not have been run in the first place... hint was in the name...

Thirdly, "fixing" with removing it will have yielded odd results, not least because you also have removed files manually; but also because when removing with a package manager, it will also try to check for "unused" files... when things are not in the right places, the checks can yield false positives, false negatives; if some files were installed before ubuntu-desktop was installed, but are normally part of ubuntu-desktop, uninstalling ubuntu-desktop might remove those too.

You might again remove way more than you installed. apt install X ; apt remove X is NOT guaranteed to be idempotent.

...

I could go on, but suffice to say that this server is probably not in an operational state, or at least, it won't be for long - routes to resolution:

Who provided this server to you? If it was a client, employer, etc ask them. Don't flail alone, you'll only do more damage
If the server is a VM or a container itself, can you revert to a snapshot ? Reverting early is preferable to leaving a server in a sorry state, accumulating more operational information... because that's just more data that will be lost on revert
Was the server brand new? If so, just ditch the server and start a fresh one.

If there was already important data on the server, find the admin (if not you). They will need to take their backup ASAP and start a fresh server to restore to. Given what you have described above, I would say the server is fubar now.


How to fix CVE-2016-5195 on ubuntu-server 14.04.2 LTS

As I suspected and the comments confirm, you're using an old "HWE" update which hasn't been supported for a LONG time. You need to upgrade.

In case you're not sure what I'm rambling on about, the long term support (LTS) releases of Ubuntu have update packs which add new hardware support by bundling together the kernel and X stack of newer Ubuntu releases.

In this case Linux 3.16 was in Utopic (14.10). it was bundled with 14.04.2. It was was supported for as long as the main release of Utopic, which means it's been end-of-life since July 2015. Erk.

You have a few options:

Upgrade to the latest HWE for 14.04, 14.04.5, based on 16.04 Xenial and supported until April 2019. That's using a much newer kernel so may not work on your hardware. Installing it is fairly simple:

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-xenial

You could also downgrade to the kernel that shipped with 14.04.1. This is based on the initial release of 14.04 and is supported to April 2019 too. Because it's older it might also not support your hardware. Testing is everything ;)
If #1 works, you might also want to consdier upgrading to 16.04 proper. This is the next LTS after 14.04 and is supported to 2020. But it will also update other stuff. The biggest change for server users is the init system has changed from upstart to systemd. Takes some getting used to if you have custom startup scripts.


Ubuntu 14.04 not booting even after grub reinstall and Boot-repair

Remove the FlexNet crap from the boot sector we found during our discussion in chat.
GRUB refused to install to the mbr complaining about a sector being in use by FlexNet.

Afterwards reinstall the GRUB boot loader to your Ubuntu installation in legacy mode.
Boot from your ubuntu installation media and choose Try Ubuntu without installing.

When the Ubuntu desktop appears - open a terminal and execute :

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=512 count=62 seek=1
sudo mount /dev/sdc2 /mnt
sudo grub-install --boot-directory=/mnt/boot /dev/sda

Note : sda = disk | sdc2 = Ubuntu system partition

In case this solution does not work, open GParted and shrink the Windows partition on sda.
Start Install Ubuntu - choose Something else and install Ubuntu to the unallocated space.

If you want to clone your old system to the new partition use clonezilla for this.
Download Clonezilla Live CD and then create a bootable media to boot from it.
Backup the Ubuntu partition from the external disk to another disk or partition.
Restore it back to the partition where you performed the new install of Ubuntu.

Download and more information -> Clonezilla

Now boot from Ubuntu install media again ...

Identify the partition UUID's - open a terminal and execute :

sudo blkid

Mount the system partition and edit the fstab file - open another terminal and execute :

sudo mount /dev/sda* /mnt
sudo gedit /mnt/etc/fstab

Replace the UUID entries with the ones from the output given from the blkid command.

In case Ubuntu will not boot - reinstall GRUB ... boot from Ubuntu install media again ...

Open a terminal and execute :

sudo mount /dev/sda* /mnt
sudo grub-install --boot-directory=/mnt/boot /dev/sda

Replace * with the partition number you have Ubuntu installed.

If all this is too complex or complicated - you as well can keep the working Ubuntu configuration on sda and copy your personal data from your old Ubuntu on sdc to your new installation on sda.


Update from kubuntu 14.04 LTS to 16.04 LTS failed

Sounds like a bricked situation, You have two options:

Boot over with a live cd and try to mount the linux system to restore data if you did not back up before upgrading. Then reinstall the system with a new 16.04 iso.

Or screw the data, just reinstall the system with a new iso. :)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/releases/16.04.1/release/


What is the easiest way to send files to a USB device

When you plug in the stick, it will probably auto-mount, ie open a new window. If not, there should be a new icon appear on your desktop; double-click will mount it.
You can then either use drag-and-drop in the usual way; or use a terminal & type cp yourfilehere /media/your newly mounted stick
Once copied, you should use the unmount symbol next to the drive name on the window; or type sync ; sudo umount /media/your newly mounted stick
Then you can remove the stick; job done.


How to determine if a string is a substring of another in bash?

[[ "bcd" =~ "ab" ]]
[[ "abc" =~ "ab" ]]

the brackets are for the test, and as it is double brackets, it can so some extra tests like =~.

So you could use this form something like

var1="ab"
var2="bcd"
if [[ "$var2" =~ "$var1" ]]; then
    echo "pass"
else
    echo "fail"
fi

Edit: corrected "=~", had flipped.


Force update of Calculator Currency rate

Use the following before launching the calculator.

rm .cache/gcalctool/eurofxref-daily.xml

and then launch the calculator. It will download a fresh copy.


Why a single cross compiling doesnt work? Error: bash: ./test1: No such file or directory

Solution:

Just compile the code statically:

PC:

cleber@cleber:~/test1$ arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -static test1.c -o test1

cleber@cleber:~/test1$ sftp debian@192.168.7.2
debian@192.168.7.2's password:
Connected to 192.168.7.2.
sftp> put /home/cleber/test1/* /home/debian/test1
Uploading /home/cleber/test1/test1 to /home/debian/test1/test1
/home/cleber/test1/test1                                                                                100% 8416     8.2KB/s   00:00
Uploading /home/cleber/test1/test1.c to /home/debian/test1/test1.c
/home/cleber/test1/test1.c                                                                                100%   81     0.1KB/s   00:00
sftp> exit

BBB:

debian@beaglebone:~/test1$ ./test1
Hello world !

As you can see, the cross compiled executable test1 is static:
test12 was compiled by gcc on BBB just to compare.

debian@beaglebone:~/Desktop/test1$ ldd test1 test12
test1:
    not a dynamic executable
test12:
    libc.so.6 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc.so.6 (0xb6e12000)
    /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 (0xb6f09000)

debian@beaglebone:~/Desktop/test1$ file test1 test12
test1:  ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=0x8d34ee7f6f2798fa153dea185f77443d06b6ab61, not stripped
test12: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.26, BuildID[sha1]=0x6a05d95c39cc59d2d407655778dc2ef6f53f02cd, not stripped

Thanks all for helping!


2 different alert sounds playing at once in Ubuntu 17.10

I'm not sure how reproducible this is but I was able to disable the default sound in 17.10.  Here's what I did:

Change the sound theme to gnome using the dconf-editor (under org.gnome.desktop.sound).
Under Sound Effects in the Sound Settings (shown in your picture), disable alerts.

For good measure, I also logged out and logged back in between steps.

Now, I still get the alerts (at least, I do when I test it at the terminal), but I don't get two alert sounds.  It is also worth noting that I upgraded from Ubuntu GNOME, so I may have different sound themes available.

If you want a different alert sound than the GNOME default, you will probably need to make a new theme.  My themes were in /usr/share/sounds (each folder contains a theme).  You should be able to copy a theme, change the name in the new index.theme, and then add the alert sound you like (as described in this AskUbuntu post).


Amule has an official .deb package in their forum for Ubuntu Oneiric (v. 2.3.1)

http://forum.amule.org/index.php?PHPSESSID=2a2047ac19efe9ecccdebedd70ea1938&topic=19378.0


The customization will affect just that particular version made by you. This will be your kernel compiled from source and customized. Actually if all your hardware is working with the new made kernel, you don't need to upgrade it after at all.

The description of how to do it, you can find it at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/BuildYourOwnKernel.


Is my netbook good enough to use Kubuntu?

Yes, it is possible. Kubuntu running alone only uses around 500 - 600MB of RAM and 1.4 GHz is not god-awful slow. It would work perfectly as a web browser/word processor/Youtube/Music sort of machine. Do consider one of the lighter flavors if you need to squeeze all the power you can get out of it though.


Have you tried running /opt/2X/Client/bin/2XClient from the console? That may show some error message.

I'm trying to get it working on 13.10 64-bit, but that is proving tricky as they don't officially support it.

Update: I've just found out that there is a 2X Chrome extension

https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/2x-client-for-rdpremote-d/jbefefbcoggageojgcmipnfgjlekmpjp?hl=en

This works on 32 and 64 bit.


so SANE says it supports your MF4500series devices with good support;

with printers; data leaves the computer; with scanners; data goes 2 ways between scanner and computer; so security issues.

so sadly you need to read this; https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ScanningHowTo#Sharing_a_Scanner_Over_a_Network

SANE says it supports your MF4500series devices with good support;  and drop some security barriers; to allow data to flow in from the scanner;

please keep in touch; if it is all too hard, we can try to take it step by step

and this next tutorial

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SaneDaemonTutorial?action=show&redirect=sane.d+tutorial

takes things to more complex areas; but its part one tells you what is likely to be good for you; (covers ground of previous link)


I really REALLY recommend to not do a distribution upgrade. you would need to download from each distribution upgrade than just download 11.04 and doing a backup before starting fresh. This is, assuming you wan to upgrade from 9.04 -> 9.10 -> 10.04 -> 10.10 -> 11.04

We are talking more than 1GB of download of distribution upgrades comparing it to downloading the 700MB Ubuntu 11.04 and doing the backup and installing it fresh (And feeling you PC as new as ever...and happy too)


This is not really a ubuntu-Problem, see this question on stackoverflow.

The CLASSPATH-Variable does not list pathes to jar-files, but pathes to Java-class-files. To include a jav-file in a classpath you have to put jar-file filename in the classpath (e.g. CLASSPATH=/path/to/some/jar/file/jarfile.jar).


VirtualBox doesn't load after 12.04 upgrade

I had a similar problem.  Here is what worked for me:

This may be required if you get a kernel sources not found type of error:

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r`

Then reconfigure the relevant packages to kick them in to rebuilding.

sudo dpkg-reconfigure virtualbox-dkms
sudo dpkg-reconfigure virtualbox


I was running in the same problem as you, what I did so far is:

sudo apt-get purge jekyll*

To remove erverything related to jekyll, then I:

sudo gem install jekyll

To install as a gem of my ruby2.3, after that I tried to run my local website with:

jekyll serve

And it ran flawlessly. :-)


"not an ELF file" on libudisks2.so.0 while apt-get upgrade

Purging is bad idea!

To be completely sure we need to determine which package contain both libudisks2.so.0 on packages.ubuntu.com, here we get libudisks2-0.

So we can reinstall the package:

sudo rm /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudisks2.so.0
sudo rm /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudisks2.so.0.0.0

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libudisks2-0


Can't boot to Ubuntu after installing it with Wubi

Your computer detects a Nvidia graphics card and attempts to load the open-source nouveau drivers, if that is not working for you you need to disable those at boot.

Edit the file \ubuntu\install\wubildr-disk.cfg where you installed Wubi to and open that file with a text editor, look down to the line with quiet splash and in front of splash add nomodeset.

It should read then quiet splash nomodeset.

Save the file and reboot.


Complications of having architecture i386 in 64 bit system?

The only inconveniente is that that you need more disk space to store the two copies of common libraries.

There is no conflict betweent he software, since 32bits software will use 32bits libraries and 64bits software will use 64bits libraries.


Black Screen appear after set default display manager gdm

Try this:

on that black screen click Ctrl+Alt+f1

enter your user-name

password:your password

$ sudo su

enter your password

run

# dpkg-reconfigure gdm

or

# dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

and choose lightdm

reboot

(sorry for my bad English)


Dual-boot question involving separate HD and windows 8

Nope, since you're using the same computer, you'll have no trouble at all.

Now, if you were upgrading to a new computer, it would be a bit more tricky.  But all you would have to do is enable booting non-secure devices in the BIOS.


Cannot open gnome-control-center in ubuntu 17.04

You probably installed some or all of enlightenment desktop.  No guarantees, but try this:

WARNING: This could hose your system.

sudo apt purge enlightenment-desktop
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt purge gnome-control-center
sudo apt install ubuntu-gnome-desktop
# and maybe
sudo apt install gnome-control-center

..this is the gist of what worked for me.  Use at your own risk.


Automatically minimize program after X time without focus?

Got it working perfectly, pretty much exactly as you describe.

1. Script to minimize windows after x time without focus

The background script below will minimize windows after an arbitrary time without focus.

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import sys
import time

def getwindowlist():
    # get windowlist
    try:
        return [
            l.split()[0] for l in \
            subprocess.check_output(["wmctrl", "-l"]).decode("utf-8")\
            .splitlines()
            ]
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        pass

def getactive():
    # get active window, convert to hex for compatibility with wmctrl
    wid = str(hex(int(
        subprocess.check_output(["xdotool", "getactivewindow"])\
        .decode("utf-8"))))
    return wid[:2]+str((10-len(wid))*"0")+wid[2:]

# round down on 2 seconds (match needs to be exact)
minitime = (int(sys.argv[1])/2)*2

wlist1 = []
timerlist = []

while True:
    time.sleep(2)
    wlist2 = getwindowlist()
    if wlist2:
        # clean up previous windowlist; remove non- existent windows
        try:
            timerlist = [
                wcount for wcount in timerlist if wcount[0] in wlist2
                ]
        except IndexError:
            pass
        for w in wlist2:
            # add new windows, zero record
            if not w in wlist1:
                timerlist.append([w, 0])
        # add two to account(s)
        for item in timerlist:
            item[1] += 2
        active = getactive()
        for w in timerlist:
            # minimize windows that reach the threshold
            if w[1] == minitime:
                subprocess.Popen(["xdotool", "windowminimize", w[0]])
            # set acoount of active window to zero
            w[1] = 0 if w[0] == active else w[1]
        wlist1 = wlist2

How to use

The script needs both wmctrl and xdotool:

sudo apt-get install wmctrl xdotool

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as minimize_timer.py
Test- run it with the required time, in seconds (before minimizing), as argument, e.g.:

python3 /path/to/minimize_timer.py 300

...to minimize windows after 5 minutes without focus
If all works fine, add it to startup applications: Dash > Startup Applications > Add. Add the command:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 15 && python3 /path/to/minimize_timer.py 300"

Notes

Running the script, I couldn't notice any additional burden to the processor.
The script "rounds" time on two seconds. If a window has focus for e.g. only 0.5 seconds, it might not be noticed as being "focussed".

Explanation

The script keeps record of all opened windows. Once per two seconds, the script adds two seconds to the windows' "account", unless the window has focus.
If the window has focus, its account isa set to 0
If the account reaches a certain threshold, set in the argument, the window is minimized by xdotool's windowminimize.

If a window no longer exists, it is removed from the record list.

2. Application specific version

The vesrion below will minimize all windows of an arbitrary application after x seconds.

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import sys
import time

# --- set the application below
app = "gedit"
# ---

minitime = (int(sys.argv[1])/2)*2

def get(cmd):
    # helper function
    try:
        return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode("utf-8").strip()
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        pass

t = 0

while True:
    time.sleep(2)
    # first check if app is runing at all (saves fuel if not)
    pid = get(["pgrep", app])
    if pid:
        # if app is running, look up its windows
        windows = get(["xdotool", "search", "--all", "--pid", pid]).splitlines()
        if windows:
            # ...and see if one of its windows is focussed
            if get(["xdotool", "getactivewindow"]) in windows:
                # if so, counter is set to 0
                t = 0
            else:
                # if not, counter adds 2
                t += 2
        if t == minitime:
            # if counter equals the threshold, minimize app's windows
            for w in windows:
                subprocess.Popen(["xdotool", "windowminimize", w])
    else:
        t = 0

How to use

The script needs xdotool:

sudo apt-get install xdotool

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as minimize_timer.py
In the head section, set the application to minimize
Test- run it with the required time, in seconds (before minimizing), as argument, e.g.:

python3 /path/to/minimize_timer.py 300

...to minimize windows after 5 minutes without focus
If all works fine, add it to startup applications: Dash > Startup Applications > Add. Add the command:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 15 && python3 /path/to/minimize_timer.py 300"


These are automated attempts to crack into your ssh server and very common.

IMO the most important actions for you to take are:

Only allow ssh login via keys, disable passwords.
Do not allow root to login.

You do not need to install any additional services, you can take care of this problem with iptables.

First install iptables-persistent

sudo apt-get install iptables-persistent

then

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -m recent --set --name SSH --rsource

sudo iptables -A INPUT -m recent --update --rchedk --seconds 600 --hitcount 8 --rttl --name SSH --rsource -j --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

"--hit count" is the number of new connections. Keep in mind each new connection gives multiple opportunities to enter a password. If you use scp, use a higher hitcount as each file will be a new ssh session.

"--seconds" How long an ipaddress will be blacklisted. 10 minutes is usually sufficient to deter most "script kiddies".

For additional information / suggestions see http://bodhizazen.com/Tutorials/SSH_security


CompizConfig : Fire animation not found even after install compiz-extras

The burn animation is part of a plugin called Animation Addon. Since Compiz 0.9.8, that plugin has been disabled in the Compiz build system to complete OpenGL ES support, meaning that when Compiz is built, it's built without that particular plugin. For that reason, you won't find it in any recent packages.

If you build Compiz from source, you can edit the plugins/CMakeLists.txt file and change

  set (COMPIZ_DISABLE_PLUGIN_ANIMATIONADDON ON)

to

  set (COMPIZ_DISABLE_PLUGIN_ANIMATIONADDON OFF)

But it won't do you any good as the build will fail.

I suppose you could try cannibalising the required files from an old compiz-plugins-extra binary: http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/x11/compiz-plugins-extra

I've no idea whether that will work or not but it might be worth messing around with if you really want that plugin.

Hope this helps.


I don't know of the GUI you mention, but all the missing files sound like they're part of the ntp package.

sudo apt-get install ntp

should install them, then you'll have /etc/ntp.conf which you can edit. Once done, do:

service ntp restart

to reload your new config. The command

ntpq -pn

will show you the list of servers it's using (and various stats).


Video card driver not working when dual-boot Ubuntu 20.04 and Windows 10 Pro

Problem solved.
The solution was to add a new video adapter card.
I'm guessing that Grub was not able to load driver of my motherboard integrated video adapter card, and thus left a mess of video card driver. Then, when windows got booted in a chain loaded way later, it does not know how to clean the mess.
It's like a hardware solution to a software problem. Sounds radiculous, but worked.
I have searched the Internet like crazy to solve this problem, but finnally solved it myself. My guess could be wrong, if there's anyone want to discuss it, I'd like to do so.
Hopefully if anyone else encounter the same problem as me, they could search and find this post and thus have one more clue to solve there problems.


12.04 stills shows libre office updates even it is uninstalled

As this Ubuntu wiki page says:

Starting with Ubuntu 11.04, LibreOffice is part of Ubuntu. Since
LibreOffice is already part of the standard packages.....
if you're using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, your LibreOffice version is
3.5.2. Only security updates will be applied to it, while feature updates for greater versions will be available by using the PPA.

Since it is part of the standard packages and PPA you cannot disable security updates.


Schedule to turn off monitor via crontab?

Assuming that you are using the default gnome-screensaver for Ubuntu, open a terminal and run next commands followed by instructions:

mkdir -p bin - this command will make a bin directory in your home folder if you don't already have it.
gedit ~/bin/screen_on_or_off.sh - this will create the new file screen_on_or_off.sh in gedit.
Copy and paste the next script:

#!/bin/bash

export DISPLAY=:0 #very important if you want to be runned by a cron job

current_hour=$(date +"%k")

# Defining the disable_screensaver function
function disable_screensaver {
    # Disabling sleep time
    # 0 value will never turn the screen off; you can change this value as you wish:
    # for example to turn the screen of after 10 min, use 600
    gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power sleep-display-ac 0
    gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power sleep-display-battery 0
    gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session idle-delay 0
}

# Defining the enable_screensaver function
function enable_screensaver {
    # Enabling sleep time to 1 second
    gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power sleep-display-ac 1
    gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power sleep-display-battery 1
    gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session idle-delay 1

    notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "Let's go to sleep now!"
}

if [ "$current_hour" -ge "7" ] && [ "$current_hour" -lt "11" ]; then
    enable_screensaver
else
    disable_screensaver
fi

exit 0

Save the file and close it.
Go back into terminal and run: chmod +x screen_on_or_off.sh - to grant execute access for the script.
Just for test, to run your new script, type in terminal ~/bin/screen_on_or_off.sh.
Edit the crontab entries using crontab -e command (by default this will edit the current logged-in users crontab) and add the following line:

*/1 * * * * /home/$USER/bin/screen_on_or_off.sh  #change $USER with your username

I have set the cron job for every minute, but you can change as you wish or as you think is better. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron in this sense.
Save the file and check the new crontab entry with crontab -l.

Now your screen will turn off every day between 7 and 11.


Some programs don't appear in the Applications menu

Right click the menu button and you can edit the menus to choose which installed applications appear. I had a similar problem & was surprised by the simplicity of the solution!

If you don't see the option, you first need to

sudo apt-get install alacarte

If Edit Menu isn't visible, do Alt+F2 and type alacarte.


gnome-tweak-tool doesn't start due to "ImportError: No module named gi" error

Little workaround found here:

sudo nano /usr/bin/gnome-tweak-tool

Change #!/usr/bin/env python to #!/usr/bin/python


Error while creating bootable Win 7 on USB Stick

Use Startup disk creator its a default tool in ubuntu for making bootable device or use dd command in terminal,
dd if=win.iso of=/deb/sdb (your USB stick path)
Or use unetbootin

Unetbootin


Install tlp for ubuntu. From powertop find out which component has bad power management. Tune that component in tlp. link

I have only 12W power consumption in my dell latop


what are the processors that support the ubuntu system

Refer to https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SupportedArchitectures

Basically, Ubuntu supports most of Intel-based processors, which are sometimes refereed to as i386 architecture, and amd64 - the 64 bit capable processors (http://releases.ubuntu.com/14.10/)

There's also Ubuntu for ARM (http://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/arm)


sudo apt-get update gets Connection failed error but can curl to mirror

You can use apt-fast to install packages instead of apt or apt-get. apt-fast is a wrapper script which uses the aria2c command to download packages from the mirrors.

First make sure the following dependencies are installed before you begin.

Here is a list of the dependencies you need:

  libc-ares2
  libc6
  libgcc1
  libgmp10
  libgnutls30
  libnettle6
  libsqlite3-0
  libstdc++6
  libxml2
  zlib1g

Please run the following command to list the installed packages:

for i in $(echo "libc-ares2 libc6 libgcc1 libgmp10 libgnutls30 libnettle6 libsqlite3-0 libstdc++6 libxml2 zlib1g"); do dpkg -l | grep "ii  $i:"; done | sed 's/   .*$//g'

If all of the dependencies are not listed, do not proceed!

Next, to install aria2 please run the following commands:

curl -L -O http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/a/aria2/aria2_1.33.1-1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i aria2_1.33.1-1_amd64.deb

Finally, to install apt-fast, run the following commands:

curl -L -O https://launchpad.net/~apt-fast/+archive/ubuntu/stable/+files/apt-fast_1.9.8-1~ubuntu18.04.1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i apt-fast_1.9.8-1~ubuntu18.04.1_all.deb

Follow the on screen instructions to finish the installation.

The commands for apt-fast are the same commands used for apt-get:

sudo apt-fast update
sudo apt-fast upgrade
sudo apt-fast install <package name>

And if you normally use sudo apt full-upgrade or sudo apt dist-upgrade, use the following command:

sudo apt-fast dist-upgrade

For more information on apt-fast see the following links:

apt-fast ppa

apt-fast on github

Also, here is a link to the download page for aria2:

packages.ubuntu.com

Please post any errors. Thanks!


Missing settings in GNOME control center installed in Ubuntu MATE

I found other solution to get GNOME Online Accounts working on MATE.

On Ubuntu MATE 16.04 LTS we need the following

install one package:

sudo apt-get install gnome-online-accounts

And then set-up Google account in gnome-control-center:

env XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=GNOME gnome-control-center online-accounts

Afterwards you will get your Google Drive in the Devices section of Caja named username@gmail.com. If you open this folder in Caja, then its location would be google-drive://username@gmail.com.  This folder is synced automatically. But Google Docs will be opened in the browser.

Hope this helps.


It is possible to start the program in background (your script might need some alteration if it is not possible) with ...

nohup {program} > {program.out} 2>&1 &

The output from program will be redirected to {program.out}. If you change the ">" to ">>" it will append the output instead of writing over the previous time it was used.

That would eliminate the need for a terminal session. Besides that it will also trap error messages you might have missed due to the terminal session being killed/stopped.


Ubuntu 18.04 won't boot when LVM volumes are cached

After some intensive googling I have found a solution.

Essentially the problem comes down to Ubuntu 18.04 initramfs framework is missing important components and configurations.  You need to do the following :

sudo apt update

sudo apt upgrade

apt install initramfs-tools thin-provisioning toools

(in addition to LVM2 of course)

Then you have to follow this recipe to fix the initramfs shortcomings in Ubuntu 18.04

http://scyu.logdown.com/posts/519001-ubuntu-lvmcache-setup

configure your lvmcach in accordans with manpage for lvmcache

sudo update-initramfs -u -k all

sudo update-grub2

reboot and enjoy !

The result is amazing.  It's like I have a speed daemon now on a 5 year old PC :-)


How to set GNOME Classic (no effects) as default?

The login screen always uses a user's last successfully logged-in session type as the default. If you don't change it, it logs in to the same interface you used before.

If that is not happening, that should be reported as a bug (see also this question). The affected package is lightdm (as LightDM provides the login screen in Ubuntu 12.04).

If the problem is that GNOME Classic is not installed, install the gnome-session-fallback  package. In particular, if the problem is that you are selecting Ubuntu 2D as the session type and you get something that looks like Unity, that's normal--Unity and Unity 2D (provided by the Ubuntu and Ubuntu 2D session types, respectively) look very similar and both have launchers instead of a bottom panel containing a window list.

Whether or not this is due to a bug, it is also possible to set the default session type manually, as explained here. (However, if you're experiencing a bug, that also might or might not work. It would be valuable information for the bug report though, for you to indicate whether or not it does, so I recommend trying the techniques there.)

If you are trying to run gnome-panel in Unity or Unity 2D (as you asked about here), that will not be run automatically unless you configure your session to do so. gnome-panel is like any other program; to make it start automatically, use an appropriate method here. Or follow the specific instructions for adding gnome-panel to your startup applications, that Seth has added to his answer.


17.10 ditched lightdm and started using gdm

The equivalent to your command would be...

sudo service gdm restart

But ...

sudo pkill -9 -u {user}

would be correct for any Linux system. Users currently present can be shown with the w (/who) command.

But do be careful. I myself would get very angry if someone killed my session when I am not allowed to save my work in progress.

This would send a message to all systems:

notify-send "Ahum!"

It will disappear by itself.

zenity --info --text="Time to go to bed"

would show a popup that needs to be confirmed.

After that you can kill the session ;)


Where did the Kubuntu 15.04 iso images go?

Old releases can be found on the archives site.

kUbuntu
Ubuntu

But it seems kUbuntu has not been updated ... 12.04.4 is the newest I could find there where the Ubuntu site has been updated.

Your approach is not a good one. I would advice to stick to current releases, prefer LTS, file a issue against the bug and push for it to get fixed. Using 14.04 is a far better approach: it is still current, gets updates for hardware and security and allows you to upgrade to 16.04 when your problem is fixed.

  I get that even releases are the ones kept for a long time, but the odd releases serve a purpose when you have an unfixed bug and must roll back to a stable working version.

I disagree. It would even be far better to install 14.04, identify the package that causes problems for you and download the 15.04 version and install that in 14.04. Still can be a security issue due but it is far better than using an OS that has been dropped.

The 1060 works with 16.04. Fix the reason why you can not get 16.04 installed. Proof: phoronix article using 16.04, Unity 7.4 and nVidia driver 367.27 with the GTX 1060. nvidia also lists the GTX 1060 as supported with their driver version 367.44.

And here someone that posted a how to on how to get the GTX 1060 working on 14.04, 16.04 and 16.10.


How can I get "Ethernet controller: Qualcomm Atheros Device e0b1 (rev 10)" working under Linux?

Your ethernet is an Atheros Killer Gaming Network E2400. If you Google for Atheros e2400 driver you'll get a good number of hits...

and this one looks promising...

http://askubuntu.com/questions/670347/is-there-any-way-to-install-atheros-e2400-drivers

I also noticed that the alx driver already exists in Ubuntu 16.10... and it shows support for the E0B1 variant... so if you're using an older version of Ubuntu, you might try booting the Ubuntu Live DVD 16.10 and see if the ethernet works out of the box...

update: It's been tested... and the ethernet port works in 16.10

$ modinfo alx
filename:       /lib/modules/4.8.0-34-generic/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/atheros/alx/alx.ko
license:        GPL
description:    Qualcomm Atheros(R) AR816x/AR817x PCI-E Ethernet Network Driver
author:         Qualcomm Corporation,
author:         Johannes Berg
srcversion:     148031F2236BBDAF23DA652
alias:          pci:v00001969d000010A0sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001969d000010A1sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001969d00001090sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001969d0000E0B1sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001969d0000E0A1sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001969d0000E091sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001969d00001091sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
depends:        mdio
intree:         Y
vermagic:       4.8.0-34-generic SMP mod_unload modversions


Best solution I found:

apt-get install gnome-session-flashback

This installed what I was looking for without any major issues.

You may need to add 'sudo' in front of the command.

sudo apt-get install gnome-session-flashback


Fixing nginx 1.4.6 dependency on old openssl version (libssl0.9.8)?

How can I resolve this so I can enable TLSv1.1 & TLSv1.2?

It sounds like there are two issues in play. First is nginx related; and second is openssl related. There could be a third, and that's Amazon.

nginx

nginx can be built with OpenSSL. When it is, its built with the version of OpenSSL provided by the platform. Ubuntu 12.04 provides OpenSSL 1.0.1, and not 0.9.8. So you'll need to confirm that you are actually using 0.9.8 in nginx.

To verify the version of OpenSSL used by nginx, issue ldd nginx. For example here's the openssl executable's dependency (I don't use nginx, so I don't have it installed. You should swap in nginx for openssl):

$ which openssl
/usr/bin/openssl
$ ldd /usr/bin/openssl
    linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007ffff69ff000)
    libssl.so.1.0.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.1.0.0 (0x00007f136424f000)
    libcrypto.so.1.0.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0 (0x00007f1363e58000)
    libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f1363c53000)
    libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007f1363a3c000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f13636b1000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f13644c6000)

In the above, libcrypto and libssl are OpenSSL.

From the above, you can check the packages like at libssl.so.1.0.0. Below, the 1.0.1 is OpenSSL's version

* Package: libssl1.0.0 (1.0.1-4ubuntu5.11)
* ...

OpenSSL

The lack of TLS 1.1 and 1.2 is probably due to Ubuntu's security team disabling the protocol versions in an effort to promote interoperability. See Ubuntu 12.04 LTS: OpenSSL downlevel version and does not support TLS 1.2.

Amazon

Amazon may be providing images that are further modified. So the discussions about nginx and openssl might not apply or be wrong, depending on what Amazon did (or did not) do.

If you don't like the nginx as provided by the platform (either Ubuntu or Amazon), then you can try nginx's PPA. See nginx - Ubuntu PPA.

You can also build it from sources. Be sure to install OepnSSL's developer package (libssl-dev). You'll need two or three additional packages, IIRC.

Sorry to bring in the bug report. That will probably cause this question to be closed. Please accept my apologies.


How can I turn off wifi on thinkpad T460s?

In a terminal run

nmcli radio wifi off

When you want to turn it back on:

nmcli radio wifi on

As mentioned in a comment by LiveWireBT (thanks!) you can use the commands in custom keyboard shortcuts:

Go into the menu to set custom keyboard shortcuts

and add a new one for each nmcli command. Click where is says "disabled" and press the key combination you want to use (for example, super+alt+W)


Comment above worked, copied for visibility:

In terminal, type dkms status. If you get a list of drivers, then you need to make sure that secure boot is turned off in your BIOS. Thanks to @heynnema for the idea.

Cheers, Al


Ubuntu 18.04 .local domain dns lookup not working

The accepted answer did not resolve my issue. It was nothing to do with avahi - I did not have avahi service installed.  I have my system set to get its IP AND its DNS server settings from DHCP. However, the DHCP supplied DNS was not being checked for queries using .local

The real issue is that Ubuntu 18.04 has its resolv.conf sym-linked to a stub file that points to the localhost for name resolution.  Localhost DNS name resolution means that the system refuses to check the supplied DNS server for .local names, believing (incorrectly) that such names are invalid.  This is the default setup of /etc/resolv.conf:

ls -la /etc/resolv.conf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Jan 22 13:26 /etc/resolv.conf -> ../run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf

content of the stub file is (comments removed):

 cat /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf
 .. removed comments..
nameserver 127.0.0.53
    search reddog.microsoft.com

the 'real' resolve conf has the 'correct' DNS setting (from DHCP):

cat /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf

..removed comments..
nameserver 10.168.200.250 # This is my server that can resolve .local
nameserver 208.67.220.220 # these are optional, fallback DNS servers
nameserver 208.67.222.222
# Too many DNS servers configured, the following entries may be ignored.
nameserver 8.8.8.8
search reddog.microsoft.com

In order to make the system use your preferred DNS resolver instead of localhost, you change the symlink to point to /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf instead of /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf :

sudo rm -f /etc/resolv.conf
sudo ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf

Immediately after this, resolution of .local started working. No need to reboot or restart any service.


How can I wait until an application has started?

Basic answer is that you have to monitor list of open windows for change. You can do so in number of ways, but since you're using wmctrl you can use that like so:

#!/bin/bash
while true
do
    # get list of windows
    windows=$(wmctrl -l)
    # check if window is on the list
    if [[ "$windows" =~ "Mozilla Firefox" ]];
    then
         echo "found firefox, closing it  in 3 seconds"
         sleep 3
         wmctrl -c "Mozilla Firefox"
    fi
    # delay until next loop iteration
    sleep 3
done

Since you've also requested example for looping until the specific window closes, here's an edited example with alternative looping approach ( which would probably be preferred; at least that's the structure I personally use quite a lot):

#!/bin/bash
# Script enters into this while loop, and keeps checking
# if wmctrl -l lists firefox. Condition is true if firefox
# isn't there. When firefox appears, condition is false,
# loop exits
while ! [[ "$(wmctrl -l)" =~ "Mozilla Firefox" ]]
do
    # number of seconds can be changed for better precision
    # but shorter time equals more pressure on CPU
    sleep 3
done

# Only after firefox appears , we get to here
echo "found firefox, closing it  in 3 seconds"
sleep 3
wmctrl -c "Mozilla Firefox"

# Same idea as before - we enter the waiting loop,
# and keep looping until firefox is not on the list
windows=$(wmctrl -l)
while  [[ "$(wmctrl -l)" =~ "Mozilla Firefox" ]]
do
    sleep 3
done
#When loop exits, that means firefox isn't on the list
echo "Script is done"


Need major help: Ubuntu 13.10 not detecting Windows 8 operating system

Do this:

Select "Something else
Create a new partition.
Format: ext2, ext3 or ext4 (preferably ext4)
Mount point: /
Size: Whatever you want, should be more than 20GB
Make another partition.
Format: swap
Size: A bit more than the amount of ram you have eg. 16 GB ram, 20 GB swap
4: One more partition.
Type: Reserved BIOS boot
Size: 2 MB
Click the ext partition.

You should be able to safely install. This is what I had to do. Just a note: GRUB may not detect Windows. A run of Boot Repair (google it) should solve it. I'll reply back when I test it.


just upgrade your PC... those drivers are present on the kernel....

visit system info from dash and visit the graphics section see to it that the expierence is standard and not fail safe

i had the same issue it wont detect my video driver but a few days later it automatically detectd and said Ironfield


k10temp-pci-00c3
  Adapter: PCI adapter

This sensor is provided by the k10temp kernel module which handles the AMD CPU, see http://lm-sensors.org/wiki/Devices. The related temperature is the CPU one.
IIRC it8720, is a common chip on the MB, not possible to say more without manufacturer specification.


I'm running a nightly build, will apt-get upgrade keep me current?

To stay current, you must update and then dist-upgrade:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

This will allow you to update all packages, possibly installing new ones and removing obsolete ones, for the currently installed release of Ubuntu.

If you already have the latest installed version of Ubuntu and would like to directly upgrade to the development release instead of installing nightlies, you can use:

sudo update-manager -d

Which will check if a development release is available, and ask if you'd like to upgrade to it. Going back is significantly harder if at all possible, so take a backup if you'd like that option.


How to fetch numbers from a file and calculate using shell script

If your file is huge (eg seq 1 100000000 > numbers.txt), the traditional tools start to fall apart.

awk '{s+=$1} END {print s} takes 34s but "0%" RAM (not sure if that's accurate)
perl -nle '$sum += $_ } END { print $sum' numbers.txt took 27s and a tiny amount of RAM.
Jacob's Python takes 47s and 6GB of RAM (and 23s when run with pypy, same RAM)
numsum was awful; it took 9m43s and 14GB of RAM to give an exponential number (the others replied with full long ints)
Pure Bash would take forever-and-a-day to for-loop over them so I'm not attempting it

The alternative I offer an answer that can add a hundred million integers in 6.4 seconds...

... But it's written in C. Easy C. No strange requirements to build, or degree needed to understand it, but you do have to compile it and the filename is hardcoded into it (which you could fix)...

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    FILE *fp;

    char line[100];
    unsigned long int total = 0;

    fp = fopen("numbers.txt", "r");

    while (fgets(line, 100, fp) != NULL) {
        total += atoi(line);
    }
    fclose(fp);

    printf("%li\n", total);

    return 0;
}

Save that as something like add.c, run make add and then ./add to run.


How to share the 3g internet connection of my Android Nexus One with my laptop?

There are two ways to do this. Either by turning your phone into a hotspot, or by tethering via a USB cable. In your wireless setting on your Nexus you'll find this screen:

Selecting "Portable Wifi Hotspot" will let you configure your phone as a wireless access point, you can then join your laptop to this access point just as you would normally use wireless. Make sure you configure the access point to use WPA in the "Portable Wifi Hotspot Settings" so you're not inadvertantly providing everyone around you with free wireless on your data plan!

The 2nd way is to plug in your phone into your laptop via the USB cable and then selecting "USB tethering". Ubuntu will think your phone is an ethernet connection and just connect automatically.

I've done both, but given the option I use the tethering more as having both radios cranking on the phone can go through battery quickly, when you tether at least the phone stays charging.

Documentation from Google


Monitors do not turn off (enter powersave mode) after screen blanking

WORKAROUND

Change the setting of your monitor from input select: auto to a fixed input, e.g. hdmi.

Here, with a AOC Q3279VWFD8 (WQHD):

OSD -> extra -> input select -> hdmi  (was auto)

That fixed my problem, also that setting prevented my other monitors from entering powersave mode (turning off). It seems a monitor can poll the graphic card through HDMI (CEC?), preventing powersave mode. Probably cable type plays a role as well.

Still I consider this a bug, IMHO powersave mode should work with default settings of monitors.


If Ubuntu asks for an encryption passphrase during boot (i.e. on the text console before the login screen is displayed), this indicates that a full disk encryption method was used. (There's more than one way to do this, but I'll keep the answer general.) The encryption is handled by an extra software layer between the file system and the physical hard drive, not the file system itself.

There is no simple method or tool to undo this. With some knowledge about how Linux systems work, it can be done. You'd have to move the whole file system (or all files) to another partition (with enough free space) or external HDD. Then, remove the encrypted container, and recreate the file system without encryption. Finally, make sure that the new file system  is properly recognized by the boot loader and mount -a before rebooting.

If possible, it's best to avoid this time consuming and error-prone procedure. Just do a fresh install. For a new users, this is the quickest and safest option.

PS: Chances are that you can change the encryption passphrase, possibly to an empty string. Then decrypting only requires to press Enter. Maybe you can go further and supress to (now useless) passphrase prompt. However, this does not disable the encryption. The data would still be encrypted although the encryption would be useless since the key can be trivially guessed.


How to log into other Desktop Environment (Deepin)?

Ok, the answer turns out the be simple: I first had to click my name so that I can fill in my password. Next to the "Log in" button the cog item is show which makes it possible to log into Deepin.

Hopefully this helps someone else looking for the same thing.


The "initialize" message you are seeing is most likely because the RAID 5 array is building right now. It takes up to 24 hours (or longer if your array is in use) to initialize/rebuild your array.

I have a 7 disk (2TB) Raid 6 that takes nearly 30 hours to rebuild when I swap out a drive. Mind you, it is in use during that time so it takes longer. Your disks are 3TB, and because they are bigger it will take longer.

A reason that Ubuntu is not seeing the RAID could be because you need to install 'dmraid' first, which enables the system to see the RAID array correctly.

See if running this command will help:

  sudo apt-get install dmraid

Also, unless you are trying to setup a dual boot with Windows, I would recommend using 'mdraid' over 'dmraid'. But that is another subject.


You can get any source code from the repository’s, first open software and updates and check source code

Now you can use the source parameter in apt to pull any source right from the repos, xrandr is part of x11-xserver-utils, so use this command

apt-get source x11-xserver-utils


Is it safe to delete every hidden folder in the home directory?

You should be relatively safe:

Surely your OS won't break, dot files in home directory are mostly configuration files, if they're not there any app will just use the defaults.
Device drivers (as ethernet,video,sound,...) should be configured systemwide, so you should be safe.
Those are the things will "break" as all your preferences/customizations will get lost, but you don't care ;)

In fact if you add another user to the system his home directory will be mostly empty, apart from some default files which are put inside by default. But those defaults are distro-specific and surely not mandatory.

So yes, you should be quite safe deleting everything under home.

Just in case, play safe and move them to another directory and check everything is ok before deleting them.


Which USB 2.0 pen drive will be best durable if I install Ubuntu in it?

I do not believe that this is an issue anymore. To quote wikipedia on this

  As of 2011, newer flash memory designs have much higher estimated lifetimes. Several manufacturers are now offering warranties of 5 years or more. Such warranties should make the device more attractive for more applications. By reducing the probability of the device's premature failure, flash memory devices can now be considered for use where a magnetic disk would normally have been required. Flash drives have also experienced an exponential growth in their storage capacity over time (following the Moore's Law growth curve). As of 2011, single packaged devices with capacities of 64GB are readily available, and devices with 8 GB capacity are very economical. Storage capacities in this range have traditionally been considered to offer adequate space, because they allow enough space for both the operating system software and some free space for the user's data.

Just go for a common brand like Verbatim, Corsair, Kingston, Sandisk. They probably get those made in the same factory anyways. All of them will get you at least a few years from the pen drive. Long enough for you to get a new one (with alot more capacity) anyways.

Regarding the second part: speed. There is a very long list of USB drives here but do not expect USB 2.0 to be fast. I myself have a corsair gt, patriot quad channel, jetflash 330. None of these 3 are slow.


How to configure 12.04.2 network without being connected?

You can't.  Use ifconfig as suggested in the comment above for an ephemeral (disappears on reboot) configuration, or edit /etc/network/interfaces for a persistent (persists across reboots) configuration change.


I can't access anything after installing "Boot-repair" to solve dual-booting related issue

You seem to have UEFI boot. The required boot files should be in the /EFI/BOOT directory on the EFI System Partition (usually a FAT32 partition at the beginning of the GPT-partition style system hard disk). In short, you need to boot from another source (example: a DVD image of Ubuntu or a USB stick made after it), then reinstall GRUB on the system hard disk.

If F2 fails

You say however that you cannot get into the BIOS/UEFI setup with F2 upon boot - if that's really the case, then it might mean that either your BIOS/UEFI chip is damaged (very unlikely, but not impossible), or one peripheral device is broken (usually a disk). Don't hesitate to remove (or just disconnect) your hard disk(s) or any other peripheral devices and see if the behaviour changes.

The bottom line is that you should have no problem getting into BIOS/UEFI setup with F2 or choosing your boot source with F12. If you cannot see the BIOS/UEFI setup screen when you press F2 upon boot, then there's really a problem with your firmware chip and there's no point to continue, you must repair/reflash your firmware or replace your chip before trying anything else. This might be your only problem.

If BIOS/UEFI setup is accessible with the hard disks or other devices disconnected, then one of these devices is defective and you should replace it or give it up. Try reconnecting them one at a time

shutdown → connect device → turn on

to see which one has a problem.

If the problem device happens to be the system disk, then bad luck, you need to fresh-install on a new hard disk but after that you're done, no need to read further.

If F2 passes

If you can get into BIOS/UEFI setup upon pressing F2 at boot, then you should also be able to choose your boot medium by pressing F12. You need therefore the aforementioned "other boot source" - an UEFI boot medium.

Alternative boot medium is not ready

If you don't have this other boot medium (DVD or USB), then you need another computer to set it up :

1) Download the iso image from ubuntu website and

2) either burn it on a DVD or use a tool like "unetbootin" or "Startup Disk Creator" or "Rufus" to setup a bootable USB stick (or simply write the iso image byte-by-byte on the USB stick with

sudo dd if=/path/to/image.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=4M

on a Linux terminal, where /path/to/image.iso is your full path to your downloaded iso image and /dev/sdX is the destination USB disk).

If you have a Debian-based Linux computer, you also can use the

Main Menu → Accesories → Disks application

select the USB stick on the left column and then use the "Restore Disk Image..." command in order to write the iso image on the USB stick).

If you have a Windows computer, then I advise you to use the Rufus application to setup your boot medium. There is a dd.exe utility for Windows, but the names of the source and destination disks are much more complicated, you risk messing up your system.

Anyway, regardless of which application you use to set up your boot medium, BE CAREFUL TO SELECT THE RIGHT SOURCE AND DESTINATION.

Alternative boot medium is ready

Once you have the needed boot medium, insert it into the "sick" computer and boot from it. You have to press F12 to select the right boot source.

Once the system has booted, you need to reinstall GRUB on the system disk. You should open a terminal and type sudo lsblk in order to show the disks installed on the system, with their partitions and respective mountpoints.

Then you identify the system disk (for example: /dev/sda, but if you have multiple disks it might be other than "a").

Then you install GRUB on this disk by typing sudo grub-install /dev/sd**X, where sdX is your system disk that you just identified in the previous step. Again, be careful to select the good destination disk.
GRUB will then be installed.

At last, you must type sudo update-grub in order to identify all the operating systems installed and create the GRUB configuration which allows you to choose the operating system you want to boot.

That's it

That's it. Shut down the computer, remove the boot medium and start again. You should see the GRUB menu where you can choose which operating system you want to start.

It's a little tricky I guess, I hope I have been sufficiently clear.

The worst-case scenario is when your bios chip is damaged.
Your computer is then a brick until you repair/replace this chip.
I hope this is not the case.
A broken hard disk is easier to cope with, though it means nevertheless that you probably lost the data on it (totally or partially).
Anyway, if that's the case, don't hesitate to attempt to connect it to another computer with a USB-to-SATA cable and try to see if you can recover anything, it might work.

Good luck!


How can I make my screenlets run on startup?

Someone on Google+ community just solved this for me. I quote:

  For every screentlet, there is an option to "launch on startup". Have
  you started the screenlet-manager? If not you should, and leave it in
  the status area.

Best regards.


Apt - strange requests to d16r8ew072anqo.cloudfront.net:80

I made some inqurires to the Security and Archive teams about this, as they'd be the authoritative source on whether this was expected behavior or not.  The following is a summary of what they shared with me:

This observed behavior was offloading traffic load from the archive mirrors to Cloudfront, and was done between Wednesday May 15th and Monday May 20th in order to alleviate load from the Archive Servers, specifically for the Kernel and Microcode updates.

According to those teams, this is the first time such offloading was done via CloudFront, and in this particular case was expected behavior.

While it looks suspicious, the teams have confirmed with me via IRC that this was expected behavior, and they are surprised that more people hadn't noticed the behavior in the past.

ULTIMATELY: Not malicious behavior, but instead was expected behavior, and was required in order for things to not overload on the archive servers.  (It was also the first time they've had to do this so at least nothing blew up heh)

Standard behavior of NOT offloading to Cloudfront should be back in place now.


XDG RUNTIME DIR not set error encountered while trying to use KDE Partition Manager

KDE Partition Manager should not be run with sudo. Older versions of KDE Partition Manager can use kdesu to relaunch as root. Newer versions (4.0 and newer) can properly use polkit for privilege escalation.

Ubuntu 19.10 still has an older version, so perhaps you should install kdesu. Once you have 20.04 it should just work.

Incorrect alignment can be fixed by moving or resizing partitions. Backup is strongly recommended.

You can ignore SMART status warnings. Your storage media simply does not support it.


"libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory"

You get the error message:

E: Unable to locate package libstdc++.so.6
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'libstdc++.so.6'

because you tried to install a file libstdc++.so.6 that you can't install, because it is located in a debian package.

You can use apt-file to search for the package that contains that file. To install it, type:

sudo apt-get install apt-file

Then you have to update the index.

sudo apt-file update

After that, you can search for the package which contains the file libstdc++.so.6:

sudo apt-file find libstdc++.so.6

Then you find a lot packages that contains the searched file. In your case, the correct package is libstdc++6:

libstdc++6: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6

Then you can install the needed package:

sudo apt-get install libstdc++6


Installing Ubuntu 14.04 on laptop with GTX 1070

Since Ubuntu 16.04 works OK on your laptop, install that and run Ubuntu 14.04 in VirtualBox if you need it. Ubuntu 14.04 will run well in VirtualBox if you allocate 2 processor cores and at least 4GB of base memory in the guest OS settings. The downside is that VirtualBox cannot use your Nvidia GTX 1070 graphics card unless PCI passthrough is supported in VirtualBox for your computer's hardware. If your laptop's hardware does not support PCI passthrough, you are restricted to a maximum of 256MB video memory which is virtual too.


NTFS-3G permissions and inherit fstab flag

The new setfacl feature is working for me. I set a default group permission on directories and now new files have that group.


how would I create a tar without using sudo?

You can try to create file in /tmp directory.


uninstall wine permanently from ubuntu 16.04

If You are sure you installed wine from terminal, You should run

sudo apt-get --purge wine*

If You are using playonlinux, run

sudo apt-get --purge playonlinux


My Ubuntu Nautilus is not showing the shortcuts and drives in list view

To see files as a list...

Click on the "Toggle View" button in the header bar of Nautilus, towards the right side.

To show the side bar (i.e. the "Shortcuts")...

Click the "hamburger" menu (with three horizontal bars) at the right side of the header bar.
Click Preferences
The Preferences dialog will open.
On the Views tab, check-mark "Show sidebar"
Close the Preferences dialog


Try this,

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo apt-get install python-software-properties

then

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chris-lea/node.js


I can only answer one of these two questions:

Screenshots can be fullscreen (press the PrntScr button, or the active window (press Alt+PrntScr)

Usually for camera pictures, I pull the memory card and place it into a card reader which looks like a disk drive to my computer.


GUI not starting on 19.10 with Radeon RX 5700

Well, this isn’t exactly an answer, but I reinstalled Ubuntu from scratch, upgraded linux-firmware, rebooted, and all was well. So I guess the answer was yes, switching GPUs did break something.


Radeon r7 reported as hd 8600 "oland" on Ubuntu 12.04 with AMD proprietory driver

For the original question: The R7 250 is a rebranded HD 8670, based on the Oland chipset. That the driver still reports 8670 is not an issue.

For determining the driver in use, I use lspci -v and look for the "Kernel driver in use" in the "VGA compatible controller" section. I expect it will say fglrx in there, to confirm what lshw is saying.

To remove the beta watermark, I have found that this answer worked well: https://askubuntu.com/a/216730/121193.


I searched a little & found out that the natty version is 0.8.4 and cannot be updated to 1.2.0 by Robert Arkenin's command
To upgrade you should consider adding the ppa by the following commands
sudo -s
nginx=stable # use nginx=development for latest development version
add-apt-repository ppa:nginx/$nginx
apt-get update
apt-get install nginx

If you get an error about add-apt-repository not existing, you can try this
sudo -s
nginx=stable # use nginx=development for latest development version
echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/nginx/$nginx/ubuntu natty main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx-$nginx-lucid.list
apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys C300EE8C
apt-get update
apt-get install nginx

Note The 3rd and 4th line is one command only
For more details refer Nignx wiki

If you are getting this error

W: Failed to fetch ppa.launchpad.net/nginx//ubuntu/dists/lucid/main/binary-i386/… 404 Not Found E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead

Do this
sudo nano '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx-stable-lucid.list'
And then change the contents of the file to
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/nginx/stable/ubuntu natty main

Something to learn
Actually if you see in the error this part "ppa.launchpad.net/nginx//ubuntu/dists/"  should actually be "ppa.launchpad.net/nginx/stable/ubuntu/dists/" . that is the error
and sorry for making you add the lucid ppa the first tme.


Kubuntu Breeze-Dark not working as expected

Updating to plasma 5.12 from Kubuntu Backports seems to resolve the problem.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install plasma-desktop


How to remove PATH variable on Ubuntu 14.04?

Your problem will not be solved simply by unsetting PATH, as you'll still be left without a PATH that includes the necessary system directories.  When you set your own PATH, in most cases you will want to append your new entry to the old PATH variable, not replace it entirely, as you have done.

Set your PATH variable back to the system default by typing

export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin

and then go edit your .bashrc and .bash_profile to have the correct entry, which will be something like

export PATH="$PATH:~/.composer/vendor/bin"

Notice the variable is set to begin with the existing $PATH.  This way, you'll still have all the original system directories in your PATH, and your addition will be on the end.  Also note that I removed lumen from the end of your example, because lumen is apparently the name of the binary you are trying to execute, and your PATH should include only directories containing binaries, not the binaries themselves.


cannot send mail to localhost with postfix: Temporary lookup failure

ok, it was a problem with installing postfix.  I fixed a config file, removed and re-installed:

root@dur:/etc/postfix#
root@dur:/etc/postfix# diff main.cf main.cf.2
7c7
< #myorigin = /etc/mailname
---
> myorigin = /etc/mailname
40a41,94
>
>
>
> ###adding###
>
>
> # Requirements for the HELO statement
> smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit
> # Requirements for the sender details
> smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit
> # Requirements for the connecting server
> smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org
> # Requirement for the recipient address
> smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining
>
>
>
>
> # require proper helo at connections
> # smtpd_helo_required = yes
> # waste spammers time before rejecting them
> # smtpd_delay_reject = yes
> # disable_vrfy_command = yes
>
>
>
> # not sure of the difference of the next two
> # but they are needed for local aliasing
> alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
> alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
> # this specifies where the virtual mailbox folders will be located
> virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual
> # this is for the mailbox location for each user
> virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf
> # and this is for aliases virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf
> # and this is for domain lookups virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf
> # this is how to connect to the domains (all virtual, but the option is there)
> # not used yet
> # transport_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_transport.cf
>
>
> virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
> virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
>
>
>
>
>
> # to add if there is not a virtual user
> # sudo mkdir /var/spool/mail/virtual sudo groupadd --system virtual -g 5000
> # sudo useradd --system virtual -u 5000 -g 5000
> # sudo chown -R virtual:virtual /var/spool/mail/virtual
>
> inet_protocols = ipv4
root@dur:/etc/postfix#
root@dur:/etc/postfix# aptitude install -y  mysqmail-postfix-logger   postfix-mysql  mailutils

after which I read my inbox as so:

thufir@dur:~$
thufir@dur:~$ mail
"/var/mail/thufir": 4 messages 4 new
>N   1 hawat@localhost    Sat Aug 25 17:04  16/565   hello world
 N   2 thufir             Sat Aug 25 17:05  13/428   cannot send to localhost
 N   3 thufir             Sat Aug 25 17:05  15/439   ping
 N   4 thufir             Sat Aug 25 17:05  15/453   ping
?
X-Original-To: thufir@localhost
To: thufir@localhost
Subject: hello world
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Date: Sat, 25 Aug 2012 17:04:32 -0700 (PDT)
From: hawat@localhost

hello world content yet again
?
X-Original-To: thufir@localhost
To: <thufir@localhost>
Subject: cannot send to localhost
X-Mailer: mail (GNU Mailutils 2.2)
Date: Sat, 25 Aug 2012 21:41:42 +0000 (UTC)
From: thufir@dur (thufir)

ping
?
X-Original-To: thufir@localhost
To: <thufir@localhost>
Cc: <thufir@dur.bounceme.net>
Subject: ping
X-Mailer: mail (GNU Mailutils 2.2)
Date: Sat, 25 Aug 2012 21:40:51 +0000 (UTC)
From: thufir@dur (thufir)

pong
?
X-Original-To: thufir@dur.bounceme.net
To: <thufir@localhost>
Cc: <thufir@dur.bounceme.net>
Subject: ping
X-Mailer: mail (GNU Mailutils 2.2)
Date: Sat, 25 Aug 2012 21:40:51 +0000 (UTC)
From: thufir@dur (thufir)

pong
?
No applicable message
?
No applicable message
? q
Saved 4 messages in /home/thufir/mbox
Held 0 messages in /var/mail/thufir
thufir@dur:~$

which was all that I needed.


In each file system there is a folder lost+found which is normally empty and which has the permissions

~$ ls -l /home
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 54 jean jean  4096 Mär  9 08:41 jean
drwx------  2 root root 16384 Mär  4 20:38 lost+found

So this would be at least one file not readable by you. There may be many others of course. You can find them using the command

find /home ! -readable


How much space can I dedicate with this hardware?

First in boot menu select any partition, for eg; /dev/sda3 OR any other partition where you have to install Ubuntu.

  Note : Select a partition which has at least 100gb of space !

Select this partition and format it.

Now we will divide a partition into 3 sections.

Section 1

You can take 10gb or 5gb for root.
Type for partition - Logical
Location for partition - Beginning
Mount Point - /

Section 2

Use double the memory size of RAM(for 2gb of RAM, 4gb space is sufficient also not more than 8gb space should be use) for Swap Area.
Type for partition - Logical
Location for partition - Beginning
Use as - Swap Area

Section 3

You can take rest of the space remaining in partition.
Type for partition - Logical
Location for partition - Beginning
Mount Point - /Home

  Note : This space is used to store documents, music, videos etc !


how to setup cpupower at boot time in Ubuntu 16.04?

If you still need help, then you can do one of the following:

add your code to /etc/rc.local (before exit 0), then enter the command sudo systemctl enable rc-local.service and reboot
create a systemd service


How to setup a portable mail aggregator with web UI?

Message filtering is performed by pidgeonhole - dovecot's plugin that realize sieve-engine. RoundCube have a corresponding plugin managesieve
Yes, you can omit full-scale DNS if you want
You can create account profile and then route certaing messages in it by message filter (#1)


Terminal emulator left-click to open link

urxvt is probably the single most configurable emulator out there. Install it with

sudo apt-get install rxvt-unicode

Then edit the ~/.Xdefaults file adding the following:

URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,matcher
URxvt.urlLauncher: xdg-open
URxvt.matcher.button: 1
URxvt.matcher.pattern.1: \\bwww\\.[\\w-]\\.[\\w./?&@#-\[\]]*[\\w/-]

Using xdg-open allows you to use whatever browser you have specified in system settings (works for Gnome at least, unsure about KDE). Unfortunately, the default looks of urxvt are not, shall I say, very convincing, it's more like the old xterm than the modern gnome-terminal, and the configuration runs through config files rather than context menus. There is a tutorial on how to configure it, however.

Personally, I don't mind such configuration mode, in my experience you rarely want to reconfigure your terminal.


Tremendously slow torrent speeds on Ubuntu 14.04 as compared to 12.04

If you are using uTorrent that also may be why. I use Deluge and have the same internal card as the user above but noticed no difference.


Using wireless keyboard with trackball with Ubuntu

I know that the app QJoyPad and jstest-gtk work with joysticks, and can patch them into the system. Perhaps these two can help you get the trackball. Also, checking your Settings->Devices might help.


With HD 5770, the default driver should work well. The proprietary, closed source, driver is faster, but also causes all kinds of problems. It's entirely up to AMD to fix those issues, as nobody else is allowed to.

My solution would be to uninstall the proprietary driver and use the built-in driver instead, unless you have good reason to use the proprietary one.


Installed Ubuntu after using win10 for a while (now dualboot). Shouldn't physically having data on my hard drive be reflected in Ubuntu somehow?

The two operating systems exist in separate partitions.  It sounds like you haven't mounted the Windows partition.  Unless MS are using a new file system i don't know about, try the following:

Open the Terminal
Type the following   sudo lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT,LABEL  and enter your password to proceed.  You'll see a list of your hard drives and partitions.  Here are mine:

sda             894.3G
├─sda1 vfat       200M /boot/efi        EFI
├─sda2 hfsplus  791.6G                  Macintosh HD
├─sda3 hfsplus    620M                  Recovery HD
├─sda4 hfsplus    191M                  UbuntuBootLoader
├─sda5 swap       7.6G [SWAP]
└─sda6 ext4        94G /
sr0              1024M

Find the partition which corresponds to your windows partition (here sda2 is my OSX partition).
Mount that partition.  Here is the relevant guide.  /mnt is for temporary mounting
If you want to automate the mounting process, read this

Edit Proceed with caution.  If you do not need the ability to write the the Windows partition, mount it as read only.  It is possible to accidentally wipe out Windows.


Ubuntu does not correctly display non-ASCII characters in Windows folder names

I just had to mount the usb with iocharset=utf8.

  mount /dev/sdx /mnt/folder/ -o iocharset=utf8


Stuck on booting after machine is added to MAAS

I think you must first add the specific images to your cluster, it seems it is looking for 64bit centos however there is not any image in your cluster!

Go to images of your MAAS and select Centos image to be downloaded!


You can add needed blocked sites to your blacklist in /etc/squid/squid.conf

acl     localnet   src    192.168.1.0/24               #define localnet
acl     blacklist dstdomain "/etc/squid/blacklist"     #define blaclist

http_access deny blacklist
http_access allow localnet

in

/etc/squid/blacklist

List the domains you want to block, starting with '.' to include hostnames/subdomains :

Example:

.plaboy.com
.gmail.com
.microsoft.com
.ubuntuforums.org

Note that filtering through a proxy server only works if the browser is configured to use the proxy, and that direct access to the internet is blocked or the user is prevented from modifying the proxy settings of the browser(s)

Personally if your looking to block just inappropriate website's from use on the computer i would use a network management app like Parental Control or Content Filter.


"sudoing" strategy for python script on ubuntu

Not sure about this, but probably you'll need to disable the option "tty_tickets" in /etc/sudoers. Normally the "grace period" of sudo not asking for a password again is bound to the tty, see the manual.
Warning --- this could be a security threat.
Basically you should add to the option
Defaults   !tty_tickets

in your /etc/sudoers files (you know how to do it, otherwise better no doing it). A lot of info is found in the arch linux wiki. Notice that after that, during the grace period, all the user applications can gain privileges without asking for a password...
The other strategy is to request the whole script to be run under sudo. If you are worried about running all time with root privileges, you can drop them and use them only when needed using os.seteuid().
Interesting links here and here.
Another strategy is to make the program setuid (you have to use some trick to do it, see the links in the answer --- it's for bash, the same stands for python), and then use for example groups if you want to restrict the access to the user (or drop privileges and then re-enable it after asking for a password).


"aticonfig: No supported adapters detected" error when installing Ati Radeon HD 5650 drivers [Ubuntu 11.10]

Ok!

Here's what you need to do:

Download driver for the AMD web page at http://ati.amd.com/
Open Terminal window
Go to folder where your driver is placed, or move it to your Home
directory
ls
sh amd-driver-installer-12-1-x86.x86_64.run
Then the dialog box will apear
Follow the instuctions to install the driver
Enjoy!


The gnome3 ppa has rb 2.99 packages for raring, they can be installed without needing to upgrade any add. non Rb packages from the ppa.
(upgrading completely using that ppa will currently cause issue with a unity session in 13.04

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3 && sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade rhythmbox

sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3 && sudo apt-get update

From here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2146418&p=12656513


How to link the system event brightness up/down to the correct brightness file

Found another solution that may work for you

Edit your grub file:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

change the line line

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash video.use_native_backlight=1"

then save and exit. Run

sudo update-grub

then reboot your PC

This should add its own backlight control as intel_backlight, adding this line forces acpi to use the Intel backlight.

If this doesn't work you can try the information in Brightness Adjustment Fatal Freeze + Odd boot screen start up error

this talks about creating an entry in /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf
that looks something like this:

Section "Device"
        Identifier  "card0"
        Driver      "intel"
        Option      "Backlight"    "intel_backlight"
        BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection


Did you try restarting the computer or removing the system battery, that is all i can think because i had a similar error with ubuntu 14.04 and i removed the system battery and restarted the computer and it booted

if that doesn't work try booting ubuntu on another pc or use a different hard disk (if it isn't then that might be the problem)


Its the launcher icon animation on Launching program you can change it with 'Unity tweaks tool' or 'compiz configuration manager' i prefer Unity tweaks tool because compiz is far advanced one and selecting anything wrong may cause os problems

Unity tweaks tool => Unity => Launcher => icons => launch animations


Ubuntu with GUI: does shutting down the system with the GUI have the same effect as shutting down the system using a terminal?

I have not perused the source of those distros and gnome or kde specifically... however, I would be stunned if they implemented any custom code surrounding core shutdown processing. Shutting down, restarting, and halting are low level tasks, not GUI implementations (like gnome or kde).

The shutdown command you see is implemented by sysvinit (or your init system) that  handles stopping services that it (init system) started before sending a notification to the kernel to take care of the rest. More than likely, all the gnome "poweroff button" does is end up calling that same shutdown.

You might find this interesting:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/122557/how-does-the-system-shutdown-of-a-linux-kernel-work-internally


Strange errors, including all files are read-only

This looks a lot like your file system is mounted read-only prior to a drive failure...

So please stop using the computer, shut it down completely and:

Open your computer and check the hard disk. If it is not attached to its controller board, then buy a new external hard drive bigger then your current hard drive. It it is attached to its controller board, then buy a new internal hard drive with the same connector type.
Insert it in your computer (If it is a laptop, buy an external USB HDD in the step above)
Boot an Ubuntu Live DVD and choose Try Ubuntu
Press Ctrl+Alt+T to go to a terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install gddrescue
sudo ddrescue --binary-prefixes --cluster-size=64 --sparse --timeout=20s /dev/WdX /dev/YdZ

Note :  W and X are the drive letters of your nearly broken hard drive and Y and Z are the drive letters of your new hard drive.
If that works fine without any errors, we'll be testing whether my gut feeling is right:

sudo apt-get install smartmontools
sudo smartclt --scan

Then perform :

sudo smartctl /--test:short dev/XdY

for all devices that came up during the scan.

Then give feed back please!

Edit: I'm very sorry to have to tell you that your drive is dead.

Please swap the external drive with the internal drive and re-install Ubuntu on the new drive without attaching the old drive.  Then hook up the old drive through the USB enclosure and try again...  Maybe (extremely unlikely) you can recover some more data off it that way.


Go to wiki.ubuntu.com and then just add the title of what you want the page to be, like this:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MakeSomethingUp

Since the page doesn't exist click the link for "Create new empty page"


Glitchy wallpaper possibly related to mesa unmet dependencies

I had the same problem. It helped:

sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/libegl-mesa0_20.1~git2002031930.b550b7~oibaf~b_i386.deb


Firefox page on ubuntu 15.10 scrolling slow, but the same page runs Ok with Chrome

This is probably either a bug in Firefox (maybe) or due to the fact that Firefox in Linux only gets Flash version 11 (probably).  Sadly, Adobe has stopped making new versions of Flash for Firefox on Linux (only security updates now), but continues to make new versions for Chromium (and Chrome).  Because the site uses Flash and the problem only affects that site, the site probably needs a newer version of Flash to work normally.


How do I change time in ubuntu from local to UTC

You can use the timedatectl command like so

sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 0


Can someone help me to combine multiple command into one Line

Read the manual, and you can get ideas on how to accomplish the task:

Commands separated by a ‘;’ are executed sequentially; the shell waits
for each command to terminate in turn. The return status is the exit
status of the last command executed.
AND and OR lists are sequences of one or more pipelines separated by
the control operators ‘&&’ and ‘||’, respectively. AND and OR lists
are executed with left associativity.
An AND list has the form
command1 && command2

command2 is executed if, and only if, command1 returns an exit status
of zero (success).
An OR list has the form
command1 || command2

command2 is executed if, and only if, command1 returns a non-zero exit
status.
The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of the last
command executed in the list.


How to automount user homes from MS Server via sss

You can mount them automatically at system startup by adding entries to fstab. You have to take care to provide your user credentials, which can be done via a file in your home dir.
Please find the details at:
"Mounting cifs URL not implemented yet" when I try to mount a samba share


This device is not supported by the kernel driver yet. But it is quite easy to fix it. This dongle has rt2870 chip. But USB VID & PID have not been added to the driver.

This problem can be solved by submitting a bug report to launchpad.

You can do it by running

ubuntu-bug linux

in terminal. Then follow directions and describe the bug.

Then add link to the bug report to your question here. I will take care of it and make a patch. Then you will be able to test it.


The PPA mentioned in the error is the root cause of this error. Remove this PPA annd try to update again. Try the following in terminal:

sudo ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d

Here you should see a file named crebs.list (or something like that). This PPA is included in your source lists. Remove it using the following command:

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/crebs.list

Alternate:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:crebs/ppa

Source: My article at Make Tech Easier.

It also gives the GUI way to fix this error.


Ubuntu 13.04 bluetooth A2DP does not work

This worked for me:

1) Open /etc/bluetooth/audio.conf with the following command*:

gksudo gedit /etc/bluetooth/audio.conf

  (*) The command line above requires gedit and gksu packages.

2) find "Enable =..." under [General] section and delete Socket from the list.

[General]
Enable = ....

3) Add this line in General section:

Disable = Socket

4) Save, and close gedit

5) Restart the bluetooth service with the following command:

sudo service bluetooth restart

6) Restart pulseaudio for good measure.

pulseaudio -k
pulseaudio -D

7) Cross Your Fingers and try.


The default desktop installer is ubiquity.
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Ubiquity


First select Interface card

sudo nano /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server

# Defaults for isc-dhcp-server initscript
# sourced by /etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server
# installed at /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server by the maintainer scripts

#
# This is a POSIX shell fragment
#

# Path to dhcpd's config file (default: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf).
#DHCPD_CONF=/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

# Path to dhcpd's PID file (default: /var/run/dhcpd.pid).
#DHCPD_PID=/var/run/dhcpd.pid

# Additional options to start dhcpd with.
#   Don't use options -cf or -pf here; use DHCPD_CONF/ DHCPD_PID instead
#OPTIONS=""

# On what interfaces should the DHCP server (dhcpd) serve DHCP requests?
#   Separate multiple interfaces with spaces, e.g. "eth0 eth1".
INTERFACES="eth0 eth1"

Configure Subnet

sudo nano  /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

comment all and above put this

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
       range 192.168.0.xxx 192.168.0.xxx;
        option routers                  192.168.0.x;
        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0;
        option broadcast-address        192.168.0.255;
        option domain-name-servers      xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx;
        default-lease-time 86400;
        max-lease-time 86400;

}

subnet  192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        range 192.168.1.xxx 192.168.1.xxx;
        option routers                  192.168.1.x;
        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0;
        option broadcast-address        192.168.1.255;
        option domain-name-servers      xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx;
        default-lease-time 86400;
        max-lease-time 86400;

}

Restart service

sudo service isc-dhcp-server restart

Try?


Ubuntu 14.04 Brother MFC-J825DW fails to print

Try with installing Brother printer drivers :

sudo apt-get install brother-cups-wrapper-common brother-cups-wrapper-extra brother-cups-wrapper-laser brother-cups-wrapper-laser1 brother-cups-wrapper-mfc9420cn


How to run two 'python manage.py runserver' commands of two different folder in a single terminal

You can use a single GNOME Terminal command:

gnome-terminal --tab-with-profile=Default --working-directory pydir1 \
  -e 'python manage.py runserver 8000' --tab-with-profile=Default \
  --working-directory pydir2 -e 'python manage.py runserver 8001'

The --tab-with-profile options open new tabs. (If you prefer windows to tabs, replace tab with window in the command.)
--working-directory saves you cd.
-e defines the command to be run in that tab. You can use custom profiles instead, and skip the -e ... part.

Save it as an alias, or create a custom launcher to simplify running this long command.


Overheating is not uncommon in Ubuntu.

You can try using TLP. It’s a daemon that is pre-configured to reduce overheating as well as improve battery life. You just need to install TLP and restart your system. It will be auto-start at each boot and keep on running in the background.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
sudo apt update
sudo apt install tlp tlp-rdw

If you are using ThinkPads, you require an additional step:

sudo apt install tp-smapi-dkms acpi-call-dkms

Restart your system after installation.


Is there a way to use 'watch' with -d argument so that showed changes have vanishing graphical effect and play submarine sound every refresh?

This is a fun idea. I'd use that.
Unfortunately, terminals don't support fading text or fading reverse video. So you get to select some ANSI colors to cycle through and rewrite the screen yourself. This puts you squarely in the "code something from 'scratch' for fun" territory.
This task can be completed in Bash, Python, C or any one of hundreds of other languages capable of execing shell commands. Pick a language you want to learn, or are already familiar with.
Assuming you are working in bash or another shell, you can play audio with the play command (from the sox package). There are many other command line media players to choose from, depending on the audio format.
It will be a bit difficult to parse the output of watch -d in order to identify changes. Most command pipelines like to work with a complete file. Detecting the screen refresh from an unending file, like stdout from watch -d, and splitting it into chunks is the crux. You might find it easier to stash the output of your watched command in a variable or temp file that you can diff against in the next run.
Here is an example of how you might get the ball rolling in bash:
#!/bin/bash
# depends on wdiff, play and cmp
# sudo apt install wdiff sox diffutils
#
# Takes the command to watch as arguments. Example:
# ./submarine-watch.sh date

CMD="$@"
CLEAR="\e[H\e[J"

show_change() {
    for bg in {251..232}; do
        fg=$((256-(bg>244)*(bg-245)*4))
        DISPLAY=$(
            wdiff -1y"\e[48;5;${bg};38;5;${fg}m" -z"\e[0m" \
                <(echo "$OUT") <(echo "$NEWOUT")
            )
        echo -e "${CLEAR}$DISPLAY"
        sleep 0.15
    done
    echo -e "${CLEAR}$NEWOUT"
}

OUT=$($CMD)
echo -e "${CLEAR}$OUT"
while true; do
    sleep 5  # update interval in seconds, like du -n
    NEWOUT=$($CMD)
    if ! cmp -s <(echo "$OUT") <(echo "$NEWOUT"); then
        play ~/Music/submarine.wav &>/dev/null &
        show_change &
    fi
    NEWOUT="$OUT"
done

Which we can run like this: ./submarine-watch.sh date
Check out the output animation:
This example has a hard-coded refresh rate of 5 seconds. You can add argument parsing or just change the hard-coded delay to suit your needs. This example does zero input validation before running whatever command is provided. Your security spidey-sense should be tingling in a big way. Do not use this example with any sort of elevated privileges on a shared system.


There is problem with Ubuntu 13.04. It is not connecting to other HotSpot.

But you can use ap-hostspot instead. Read how-to-set-up-wireless-hotspot-access to install ap-hotspot.


have modified /usr/include/c++/4.9 files by mistake

Find the package that owns the files with dpkg -S /usr/include/c++/4.9, then reinstall it with sudo apt install --reinstall package-name-you-got.


How Do I Migrate a Chromium Snap Between Machines?

The user configuration data of the snap version of Chromium are located under
$HOME/snap/chromium/common/chromium/Default

So it would be sufficient to copy the contents of that folder over to the new installation to restore your bookmarks, settings and extensions.
On the new installation, run Chromium for the first time in order to create the new default user configuration data (folders and files under ~/snap/chromium). Then replace the contents of the folder mentioned above with your backup profile from another Chromium install.


Sager NP6165 (Realtek) Wireless Not Working

I believe you need the same realtek driver posted on this thread:

Wireless card Realtek RTL8723AE-BT is not recognized

Just follow the steps on the first answer.


Blender disappeared after upgrading my Ubuntu 15.04 to 15.10 - unmet dependency error for installing it

Check the file /etc/apt/sources.list which probably contains the reference to the ppa repository of blender. The third argument in the line has to be vivid for version 15.04 and wily for version 15.10. Probably, you are mixing software and libraries from both versions.


Failed to fetch postgresql problem on Ubuntu 14.04

try to continue with apt-get install postgresql since old files may have been used... If installation does not work, then consider adding another repository... a different one. I had a similar problem with mysql. You can also see that it does not find the page right? 404 page not found. Hope this helps you.


Why does ctrl + alt + f2 put Thinkpad into a TTY but when docked it puts it to sleep?

Because some keyboards have primary function of F1-F12 buttons function keys as expected and some have the primary key of F1-F12 buttons set to the secondary functions usually present on laptops (sleep, volume, screen brightness, etc.)

Some keyboards even have Fn-lock key with similar functionality as Caps or Num lock. So with your external keyboard it is obviously that way that Fn the other functionality is primary on function keys. If you have Fn key you should probably press ctrl + alt + Fn + F2 or make the keyboard to use function keys as the primary function of these keys. Then you would put it to sleep with Fn + F2.


Did you try to use the 'Esc' key? With this key you can abort the submenu selection.


problem while updating backbox using sudo apt-get update

According to this GH issue, you should run the following commands:

cd /tmp
git clone https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap.git sqlmap
cd sqlmap
python sqlmap.py --update

Prefix python command with sudo if necessary.


service nginx stop fails without any feedback

There is a known issue where sometimes the nginx process can't be stopped with service nginx stop or systemctl stop nginx.

In those rare cases (it comes up occasionally, but is not easy to reproduce the case to fix the problem), you'll have to do this the 'old-fashioned' way.

First, you have to kill existing nginx processes.

sudo kill $(pidof nginx)

This will kill off the existing NGINX processes so that you don't have any running.

From there, you can then start processes anew with sudo service nginx start or similar.  You should also be able to stop nginx processes after you start them up again, now, as well, using sudo service nginx stop as you normally would.

(I've been looking into this issue for well over two years now and can never reproduce these cases, the only times I've ever encountered this issue myself was when I upgraded from 1.10.x to 1.12.x, and only ever ran into it once, so it's an impossible-to-reproduce issue, therefore it's nigh impossible to actually find out how to prevent this issue happening in the future)


To install dkms, the package for Dynamic Kernel Module Support Framework you should run the following in a Terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install dkms

This package is readily available in Trusty:

andrew@corinth:~$ apt-cache policy dkms
dkms:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 2.2.0.3-1.1ubuntu5.14.04.7
  Version table:
     2.2.0.3-1.1ubuntu5.14.04.7 0
        500 http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages
     2.2.0.3-1.1ubuntu5.14.04.5 0
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
     2.2.0.3-1.1ubuntu5 0
        500 http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
andrew@corinth:~$

There is of course no such packages as dksm which I assume is a glorious typo :)


Can i dualboot UBUNTU 12.04 64 bit along with WINDOWS 7 32 bit?

Dual-booting is a very easy process with almost no risk. Here's the safest way you can do it:

Start up your Ubuntu Live CD, changing your BIOS settings if necessary to boot a CD.
Choose "Try Ubuntu Before Installing." That way, you can see if everything works.
If everything does work, double-click "Install Ubuntu" on your desktop.
Go through the settings until you reach "How would you like to install Ubuntu?"
Choose "Install Alongside Windows 7" and accept the default configuration.
Finish going through the configuration, then wait for Ubuntu to install.

It is possible you will be unable to boot into Ubuntu. Here's how you can fix that:

Start up your Live CD again and choose "Try Ubuntu Before Installing."
Press Ctrl+Alt+T in to open Terminal.
Type sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update.
Press Enter and let the command run.
Type sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (boot-repair &) and press Enter.
Choose the "Recommended Repair"
Follow the instructions you are given.
Reboot when done.

It is also possible you will be unable to boot Windows. If that happens, do this:

Boot into Ubuntu.
Press Ctrl+Alt+T in to open Terminal.
Type sudo update-grub and press Enter.
Enter your password and press Enter.
Reboot when done.

By now, you should have Ubuntu and Windows 7 in a proper dual boot configuration. Good luck with your install!


Commands separated by pipe | character, how to execute them separately?

First run:

wget -qO - https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch -O mykey

Then run:

sudo apt-key add <<< mykey


This isn't really an answer to your problem, but in my experience Wine, while a lot better than nothing, just isn't going to run something like Lightroom acceptably fast and reliably compared to a supported platform (i.e. Windows or OS X). This is especially true if you're a power user, and use Lightroom as a professional tool.

If you really do rely heavily on Lightroom, and aren't able to find an acceptable native alternative, you might want to consider dual-booting, using Virtualbox to run Windows under Ubuntu, running Lightroom on a separate machine, or just resigning yourself to using Windows or OS X.

Best of luck!


In moving from 16.04 to 18.04, how can this custom shortcut be made to work?

It works, replace the wrong quotes:

bash -c 'xvkbd -text $(date "+%Y-%m-%dT%H%MZ" --utc)'

2018-11-21T1930Z