Getting Lazarus from Ubuntu  repository

BEWARE: THIS PAGE IS OUTDATED.

sudo apt-get install lazarus-ide

Getting Lazarus from freepascal  repository

Add the key

gpg --keyserver hkp://pgp.mit.edu:11371 --recv-keys 6A11800F; gpg -a --export 6A11800F | sudo apt-key add -

Add the repository

echo "deb http://www.hu.freepascal.org/lazarus/ lazarus-stable universe" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lazarus-stable.list

Installtion

sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install lazarus

Source


Unity and Gnome use completely different rendering formats.

From this answer: How can I use Gnome shell's menus in Unity?

  Unity uses GTK to draw the dropdown menus, and GNOME Shell uses CSS.


I figured that I can use autofs instead of fstab to mount my NFS shares.

In order to make it work, follow the steps :

Open /etc/auto.master in your editor of choice and add /$catalog $configpath at the end of this file, where $catalog is the folder where you want your shares to be mounted (note that you have to create that directory manually), and $configpath is the path for shares config file.
Edit your config file at $configpath in the following manner :
$sharename $server:/$sharepath

With following config your share will be mounted at $catalog/$sharename.

There's also another workaround to this problem, which is adding soft option to your shares in fstab.


Hope i will remember correct, but  it could help to change Graphic Bios Settings,
like enable ATI all the Time and deactivate Intel Graphic  Card.


See if echo "blacklist acer-wmi" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/acer-wmi.conf works after a reboot.  I suspect you may have other issues

To install the 4.8 kernel and firmware you will need to download
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-hwe-edge/linux-image-4.8.0-34-generic_4.8.0-34.36~16.04.1_amd64.deb

http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-hwe-edge/linux-image-extra-4.8.0-34-generic_4.8.0-34.36~16.04.1_amd64.deb

http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta-hwe-edge/linux-image-generic-hwe-16.04-edge_4.8.0.34.6_amd64.deb

http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-hwe-edge/linux-headers-4.8.0-34_4.8.0-34.36~16.04.1_all.deb

http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-hwe-edge/linux-headers-4.8.0-34-generic_4.8.0-34.36~16.04.1_amd64.deb

http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta-hwe-edge/linux-headers-generic-hwe-16.04-edge_4.8.0.34.6_amd64.deb

http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta-hwe-edge/linux-generic-hwe-16.04-edge_4.8.0.34.6_amd64.deb

http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-firmware/linux-firmware_1.161.1_all.deb

Transfer the files to the Ubuntu desktop and then in terminal
sudo dpkg -i linux-*.deb

With any luck they will be installed in the correct order and you will have wireless after a reboot


The difference between the different APT upgrade commands

No, they don't the the same thing.
sudo apt-get update updates the list of packages. Do this before you use sudo apt-get upgrade or sudo apt-get dist-upgrade because if the list isn't updated, they won't do anything.
sudo apt-get upgrade upgrades your packages but doesn't remove or install any other packages.
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade upgrades your packages and installs or removes other packages to resolve dependencies so all packages are up-to-date.
sudo apt full-upgrade performs the function of upgrade but will remove currently installed packages if this is needed to upgrade the system as a whole.


For 14.04: you can do this from the desktop.

Open dash --> Applications tab (on bottom of dash, second icon) --> Filter results --> Type --> Dash Plugins

Click on the plugin and select disable.

I learned this from:
http://www.webupd8.org/2013/10/how-to-disable-amazon-shopping.html


How many partitions of what sizes should I make for a dual boot?

Since you want to game on the laptop I would recommend 250:250. Ubuntu is typically a lighter weight system and won't need a ton of space.
I would install windows first on the entire disk. Then partition 250 G as unalocated space. Through the disk manager. Then install Ubuntu on that space from an installation media. This is called a dual boot.
You can encrypt your install of Ubuntu when installing it.


Root process suddenly uses gzip and takes up %75> CPU

Package gzip has priority, meaning it must always be installed for the system to work properly. Probably aptitude is therefore refusing to remove it.

Btw: Removing gzip is a really bad idea...

If you see gzip consuming a lot of CPU, that's because some other program is using it. If you want to do something about this, find out which program is using gzip, and change the program "if it is possible". To do this, use pstree -apl to see all processes with their parents, look for gzip and what its parents are, then check why they are calling to use gzip.


Deny smtp connection from unknown and unverified hosts with hosts.deny

Have found out from this answer that smtp connections are not filterd by hosts.deny becaus Postfix does not refer to the tcp-wrappers library.


Getting condenser mic and headphones to work together (17.04)

Turns out I was trying to rely on Alsa when the regular settings were just fine. :)


How can I fix "The package system is broken"?

a few simple things I would try when this happens: (but I am not an expert...)
- click the Check button again before clicking the install updates button.
- disable ppa's that cause problems (I don't know whether you use a ppa for linux-image-generic-lts-quantal?)
- chose an other Download server under update manager -> settings -> ubuntu Software -> download from:


A bug has been filled as #1880041

Please pass by and click "It affects me too" so it gets more attention


Yes, it comes by default. Your mistake is that you think you should type vim to launch it. Just type vim and press Tab, and you will get the command vim.tiny, which is the correct command.

If you need to run VIM by vim command, you should install vim package:

sudo apt-get install vim

You can read more about differences between them in What features does vim-tiny have?


Try to check the permissions of the directory and see if you are the owner. That is probably the issue.

You may be just not the owner of the files, and just need to run :

sudo chown -R user:group /home/marcus/{Storage,Windows}

replace the user:group with yours.

Even if you are the owner, you may still not have the executing permissions on ntfs, which is necessary for editing files within a directory.

First, use the uid option instead of user.
Then use the umask option to set the default permissions.

I use the following to mount my data(music and stuff) partition which takes care of most of the permissions stuff.

/dev/sda5   /mnt/extra  ntfs-3g uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=0022    0   0

But you cannot change the permissions within the partitions though. So, make sure that you don't have any executable scripts that you don't intend to execute.

Sorry, for the bad formatting of the answer. I am still new to this answer writing thing.


Desktop does not show when I installed nvidia drivers!

I had the same thing happen.  Here is how I fixed it:

Switch to a terminal Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Login as your username.
Install linux headers:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic

Uninstall nvidia driver - this depends on which version you installed :

sudo apt-get remove nvidia-current

or

sudo apt-get remove nvidia-current-updates

or

sudo apt-get remove nvidia-experimental-304

Reinstall nvidia driver

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current-updates

When you do this, it must say something like:

Building initial module for 3.5.0-17-generic
Done.

If it says

Module build for the currently running kernel was
skipped since the kernel source for this kernel
does not seem to be installed.

then the problem will not be solved. Do not believe the message.
It is not asking for linux-source to be install, it does only want
the headers but you must install the specific -generic headers for
your kernel. Run:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r`

It will not work with just linux-headers-generic or linux-headers-3.5.0-17 (for example).
If it successfully installs, restart the computer :

sudo shutdown -r now

This should allow the kernel module to compile and install properly.  It did for me!


What is the schema XML file in the data/glib-2.0 folder of my Quickly application?

The XML file defines a set of keys you can use throughout your application to store user preferences.

In the element schema, you will notice two attributes: id and path. The id is what you use to refer to the schema in the code when instantiating the settings object. The path is where the keys are stored.

You can find the settings by installing the dconf-tools package, and running dconf-editor. Then navigating to the node defined above. The node in the XML in the question (/net/launchpad/sample-application) would be here:

The schema is used against the GSettings API. You can see the GTK C based docs here: http://developer.gnome.org/gio/stable/GSettings.html. This is a part of the Gio module

As for the code.

settings = Gio.Settings("net.launchpad.sample-application")

This creates the GSettings object, that you can use to bind widgets to for storing settings. The parameter needs to match exactly the id attribute of the schema element in the XML.

settings.bind("example", widget, "text", Gio.SettingsBindFlags.DEFAULT)

This creates a binding between the example key in the schema, to the text property of the widget. The value that gets passed to the key is the text property of the specified widget. For GtkEntry, text is the most obvious property to use. Because it is being bound, whenever you change the value of the property in the preferences window, it is automatically updated. The final parameter determines which direction the binding works - see the docs for more information.

The type you specify in the XML for the key should match one of the available options. Generally a single character, which you will see against the defined constant. E.g. for a boolean:

  #define G_VARIANT_TYPE_BOOLEAN              ((const GVariantType *) "b")

So boolean equates to b.

So, just say you wanted a boolean key, you could add the following beneath schema element, alongside the other key:

<key name="complete" type="b">
  <default>false</default>
  <summary>Whether the task is complete</summary>
  <description>This key is used to determine if a particular part of the application is complete or not</description>
</key>

Then bind the active property like so:

# Get the widget (named chk_complete)
complete = self.ui.chk_complete
# Bind the property
settings.bind("complete", complete, "active", Gio.SettingsBindFlags.DEFAULT)

Settings can then just be accessed with the get function, specific to the data type. e.g.

settings = Gio.Settings("net.launchpad.sample-application")
example = settings.get_string("example")
complete = settings.get_boolean("complete")


Did you read the log?

Sep 27 22:26:17 masroor-ProBook usb_modeswitch[13534]: usb_modeswitch: add device ID 19d2:1232 to driver option
Sep 27 22:26:17 masroor-ProBook usb_modeswitch[13534]: usb_modeswitch: please report the device ID to the Linux USB developers!

I suggest that you read man usb_modeswitch; man usb_modeswitch_dispatcher; less /usr/share/doc/usb-modeswitch/README.gz to figure out how to "add device ID 19d2:1232 to driver option"


How to open files (read-write permissions) of my Android device using Ubuntu 16 directly?

You cannot use Ubuntu to bypass Android rules or permissions via MTP.

MTP is a way for the Android device to pretend to look like a storage device instead of another computer. But the Android system is still active and in control of it's own storage.

Android processes each request itself before passing the result to Ubuntu. And, of course, Android won't violate it's own rules and permissions.


How to install PYPY3 on Ubuntu, for newbies?

All the answers here are either outdated or unnecessarily complicated.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pypy/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install pypy3

As simple as that!

See https://launchpad.net/~pypy/+archive/ubuntu/ppa for details.


auto start disk formatting when entering wrong password

I'm not sure that automatically reformatting your Ubuntu partitions when a bad password is entered is a very viable means of protecting your data. What happens if you try to log in with Caps-Lock enabled by accident?

Try something along the lines of encrypting your home partition instead.

Instructions on how to encrypt your home partition after Ubuntu is installed (if you didn't opt to do so during installation) can be found here.


From where to download an Ubuntu ISO file?

You can download an ISO from...
https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop


Application indicators don't seem to have tooltips -- is this due to conformity to touch interfaces?

The reason given for this is more for consistency between different applications:

  Status menus do not have tooltips. This is for consistency of behavior: most menus have never needed tooltips, so it is most consistent if all menus are designed to not need them, rather than some menus having them and some not.

This is a relatively contentious issue, with 208 people having marked a bug requesting the reintroduction of these tooltips as affecting them.


The errors in question are e.g.

linux postfix[1342]: fatal: bad string length 0 < 1: html_directory =

...which I think indicates your postfix main.cf file has an entry like:

html_directory =

...which is invalid. You can either add an appropriate value for the parameter, or comment out the line so it doesn't even try to define the parameter.

But you also mentioned wanting SMTPS, and I don't think this is enabled by default. Even if you have a certificate installed, that just enables plain SMTP with STARTTLS. To enable SMTPS, you need a line in the master.cf file that defines the service. If there isn't an entry in master.cf for either the "smtps" or "465" service, you'll need to add it. Something vaguely like this:

465 inet n - n - - smtpd
 -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes

(Note that the second line is indented a space, indicating it's a continuation of the previous line.)


Go to the Startup Application option, and modify Deja-Dup command with this :

sh -c "sleep 20m; deja-dup"

Note : the deja-dup part can be replaced by the command that you want, for example, replace it with deja-dup --backup --auto or whatever you use for you dropbox backup.

sh -c "something" will start the command "something" in a (hidden) shell
sleep 20m will wait 20 minutes before processing the next command. sleep --help to learn more about this command.
; will allow to enter another command in the same line, and execute it when the previous is finished.


What limits are set on Ubuntu One upload size and number of files?

The free ubuntu one service is limited to 5GB.

See https://one.ubuntu.com/services/ for prices for more than 5GB.


Autoconf kernel, need .config for local build

You could start with the current kernel you have in your current Ubuntu installation. They are stored in /boot, for example:

ls /boot/config*
/boot/config-4.2.0-18-generic  /boot/config-4.3.0-1-generic
/boot/config-4.2.0-19-generic  /boot/config-4.3.0-2-generic

and copy the relevant one you want to you top level Linux source directory:

cp /boot/config-4.2.0-19-generic .config

you can either hand edit the .config or use the menu config tool, e.g.

make menuconfig


Running out of inodes constantly, sessionclean throwing up errors

I solved this by changing the sessions directory to /var/lib/php/sessions in /etc/hhvm/php.ini. And then also hardcoding the variables in the sessionclean script /usr/lib/php5/sessionclean

#!/bin/sh -e

SAPIS="apache2:apache2\napache2filter:apache2\ncgi:php5\nfpm:php5-fpm\n"

# Iterate through all web SAPIs
(
proc_names=""
printf "$SAPIS" | \
while IFS=: read -r conf_dir proc_name; do
    if [ -e /etc/php5/cli/php.ini ]; then
        # Get all session variables once so we don't need to start PHP to get each config option
        session_config=$(/usr/bin/php -c /etc/php5/cli/php.ini -d "error_reporting='~E_ALL'" -r 'foreach(ini_get_all("session") as $k => $v) echo "$k=".$v["local_value"]."\n";')
        save_handler=files
        save_path=/var/lib/php/sessions
        gc_maxlifetime=1440
        if [ "$save_handler" = "files" -a -d "$save_path" ]; then
            proc_names="$proc_names $proc_name";
            printf "%s:%s\n" "$save_path" "$gc_maxlifetime"
        fi
    fi
done
# first find all open session files and touch them (hope it's not massive amount of files)
for pid in $(pidof $proc_names); do
    find "/proc/$pid/fd" -ignore_readdir_race -lname "$save_path/sess_\*" -exec touch -c {} \;
done
) | sort -rn -t: -k2,2 | sort -u -t: -k 1,1 | while IFS=: read -r save_path gc_maxlifetime; do
    # find all files older then maxlifetime and delete them
    find -O3 "$save_path" -depth -mindepth 1 -name 'sess_*' -ignore_readdir_race -type f -cmin "+$gc_maxlifetime" -delete
done

exit 0


Bash aliases - how do I run a file in a different folder without losing my current location?

You can use the absolute path for startup.sh without to cd in the folder where is located::

alias startTomcat="~/apache-tomcat-7.0.34/bin/startup.sh"

Or, you can use cd - which will return you to the directory where you were last time:

alias startTomcat="cd ~/apache-tomcat-7.0.34/bin/ && ./startup.sh && cd -"


is there a simple way to install SQLite >= 3.8.3 on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.

No. It is a core tool so it will not be simple. Though the instructions probably are it will be a manual task with lots of bumps.

So with that out of the way let's see how far we can get ...

Newer versions can be found on launchpad ...

14.10 has 3.8.6.
15.04 has 3.8.7.

The link has the debian installer (.DEB). Download it from one of the links and use either Ubuntu Software Center (doubleclick the downloaded file) or "dpkg" (command line) to install it. Mind though the 14.10 and 15.04 dependencies: it shows a minimal version for libc6. You probably will need to manually upgrade libc6 first.


Incorrect duration time in Audacious or any musical player when convert with ffmpeg or avconv

Ok... The solution was really simple.. As LordNeckbeard said, I just downloaded the version from the official FFmpeg site and everything is correct now.

I purge the repository version first and then just copy the version from the official site into /usr/bin/...


You can get just the user names like so:

who | awk '{print $1}' | sort

Where who lists all logged in users, passes the output to awk which only prints the first section ("column") of text for every line, passes it to sort which sorts the output.


How to disable touchpad completely on boot?

I have Linux Mint 18 installed with kernel 4.4.0-45. I did the following to make it easy to toggle the touchpad state.

sudo apt-get install xinput

xinput -list

⎡ Virtual core pointer                          id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ MOSART Semi. 2.4G Keyboard Mouse          id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ **FTE1001:00 0B05:0101**               ***id=14***   [slave  pointer  (2)]

Look for the id of the touchpad, in my case it's 14. I wrote a small shell script to turn the touchpad off and on.
TouchPad off:

cd /usr/local/bin
sudo nano touchpad-off

#!/bin/bash
# touchpad off
xinput --set-prop 14 "Device Enabled" 0
echo touchpad off

TouchPad on:

sudo nano touchpad-on

#!/bin/bash
# touchpad on
xinput --set-prop 14 "Device Enabled" 1
echo touchpad on

Make the scripts executable with:

chmod +x touchpad-off
chmod +x touchpad-on

Now you can easily toggle the touchpad state with touchpad-off and touchpad-on in your terminal.

DISABLE ON BOOT:
Go to Startup Applications and Add a new startup app, look for the script touchpad-off and add it to the list. You'll want to make sure the script is located in usr/local/bin as indicated above, as well as confirm it's executable.

Another thing to double check is making sure the file runs with Autorun Prompt. Right click on the file and go to the "Open With" tab, then select Autorun Prompt.

Disable Touchpad on Boot Video Tutorial


Landscape Client installed on your Ubuntu hosts communicates with Landscape canonical SaaS servers over 80 and 443 ports.
You need to open 80 and 443 ports for landscape.canonical.com IP addresses which are 91.189.90.173 and 91.189.89.90 (as of now).
In case in future canonical changes servers for landscape SaaS service, You need to update that in your firewall. You can always check ip address of landscape.canonical.com using below command.
nslookup landscape.canonical.com


Wireless not working when driver selected

A friend of mine had the same problem, try this:

open the additional drivers application, does it show the driver?

If so, uninstall it and leave it like that, don't try to reinstall it, just wait and try to connect the laptop via wifi

Sounds strange but my friend's laptop started working after this, give it a shot


Steam and related services use bad certificates

The solution I found to this problem was to enter steam web page on a computer that can access the web page, then export the certificates being used and later import them to the computer having the problem.


How to merge odt documents from the command line?

I had time to have a go at @Rinzwind's mentioned ooopy - to install it, download the latest version from here, then extract it and run the setup.py as mentioned here - or just run these commands to install the currently latest version 1.11:

wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/ooopy/ooopy/1.11/OOoPy-1.11.tar.gz
tar -xf OOoPy-1.11.tar.gz
cd OOoPy-1.11/
sudo python ./setup.py install

You can then use it like this:

ooo_cat file1.odt file2.odt file3.odt > file123.odt

this may also work:

ooo_cat file1.odt file2.odt file3.odt -o file123.odt

I have only tried it with three ODTs with small amounts of text.


Closed terminal window but failed to exit nano. Possible to resume editing?

No. The parent process of nano (that you closed) owned nano's STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR streams. When the parent process went away, these streams were closed, and all access to them was lost.

But read man nano about SIGHUP and SIGTERM signals. You can ask nano to save its buffer.

This type of problem is why I run screen with ssh sessions.


Why gnome desktop won't start after I log in? After installing Variety.

It seems I've solved the problem. After a lot of tinkering and resetting my dconf several times, I started to look closely and noticed several things.

Although I don't have the logs (.bash_history doesn't save output, only input), what I know is that I used to receive something along

perl: couldn't find your locale. Falling back to "C"

when reinstalling variety.

which I ignored, since my system was already working with the language I'd chosen (despite not being fully translated, it was indeed set to pt_BR). I searched about it and reconfigured my locale several times - it didn't worked. Then, I realized I didn't even have my language pack installed.
After reinstalling it, everything worked (even with changing at start enabled).

Yes, I know: it's really unrelated (it was my fault after all), but if it causes a complete failure for gnome, I think it should get an workaround.


By default your higher numbered 3.18 kernel will still be loaded by grub during boot. There are a few options: Just make grub visible and with a longer timeout, so that you can select which kernel you want (suggested for people that often try different kernels); modify grub to select the "out of the box" kernel by default (suggested if you want to keep the 3.18 kernel); delete any newer test kernels so that the "out of the box" one becomes the highest numbered one and therefore the default.

I'll expand on the third option (the 3.18 kernel can always be re-installed again, if desired in future):

Boot into a kernel that you will not be deleting.
list all the kernels and headers:

dpkg -l | grep linux-

manually delete the higher numbered test kernels. You can and paste from the above listing. Example:

doug@s15:~$ uname -a
Linux s15 3.13.0-45-generic #74-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jan 13 19:36:28 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

doug@s15:~$ dpkg -l | grep linux-
ii  linux-firmware    1.127.11  all Firmware for Linux kernel drivers
...
ii  linux-headers-3.19.0-rc3-250  3.19.0-rc3-250-188 amd64 Linux kernel headers for 3.19.0-rc3-250 on amd64
ii  linux-headers-3.19.0-rc5-250  3.19.0-rc5-250-189 amd64 Linux kernel headers for 3.19.0-rc5-250 on amd64
...
ii  linux-image-3.19.0-rc3-250  3.19.0-rc3-250-188  amd64 Linux kernel, version 3.19.0-rc3-250
ii  linux-image-3.19.0-rc5-250  3.19.0-rc5-250-189  amd64 Linux kernel, version 3.19.0-rc5-250
...

doug@s15:~$ sudo dpkg -r linux-headers-3.19.0-rc3-250
(Reading database ... 230997 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-headers-3.19.0-rc3-250 (3.19.0-rc3-250-188) ...

doug@s15:~$ sudo dpkg -P linux-image-3.19.0-rc3-250
(Reading database ... 211869 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-3.19.0-rc3-250 (3.19.0-rc3-250-188) ...
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-rc3-250
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-rc5-250
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-rc5-250
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-45-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-45-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-44-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-44-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-43-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-43-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.bin
Found Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (14.04) on /dev/sdb5
done
Purging configuration files for linux-image-3.19.0-rc3-250 (3.19.0-rc3-250-188) ...

Note: you might have more headers and images to remove per kernel, depending on where they are from.


How to set Monaco font in GNOME Terminal?

I was facing the same problem with 12.04. Remove your previously installed Monaco fonts. Install Monaco fonts available here and try again.

It worked for me.


How can I delete folders from my trash which contain lock icon as well as some uneditable files?

If by a mistake (e.g. running sudo nautilus) you moved files into Trash as root you can delete the Trash folder by running the following command (with root super-user rights):

sudo rm -rf ~/.local/share/Trash/

The Trash folder will be created again in the next time you will move files into Trash (hopefully, this time you'll execute nautilus as regular user)


There are two parts to your question.

1. Why is GetDeb only installing FileZilla 3.21.0-1~getdeb1?

Because that is the only version available in the GetDeb repo for Ubuntu 16.04

2. How can I install FileZilla 3.25.1?

The instructions are available from the official wiki

Method #1:

Get the install script from here

Or save the following to a file (this is taken directly from the paste for convenience, however I did not write it.  Credit goes to Josh Lear):

#!/bin/s
#------------------------------
#Author: Josh Lear
#Email: jlear2013@my.fit.edu
#Last update: December 10, 2014
#Basic script for beginners
#to get filezilla on most
#linux distributions
#------------------------------
apt-get install subversion #get subversion
svn co https://svn.filezilla-project.org/svn/FileZilla3/trunk filezilla #get filezilla source
apt-get install libgnutls-dev #install libgnutls
apt-get install libidn2-0-dev #install libidn
apt-get install gettext #install gettext
apt-get install libdbus-c++-dev #install libdbus
apt-get install libwxgtk3.0-dev #install wxWidgets
apt-get install libperl-dev #install libperl-dev
apt-get install libtool #install libtool
apt-get install autoconf #install autoconf
apt-get install automake #install automake
autoreconf -i #generate a configuration per system settings
./configure #configure the filezilla distro
make #make filezilla
make install #install filezilla

Execute the file as root to install.

Method #2

Essentially they are as follows:

sudo apt-get install gettext autoconf automake libdbus-c++-dev libperl-dev libtool libgtk2.0-dev libsqlite3-dev libtinyxml-dev libdbus-1-dev

Download the SourceCode from the official links

Extract the code and run the following within the extracted folder:

sudo ./configure
sudo make
sudo make install


Realtek ALC892: Crackling sound when starting music

I found the culprit: The sound card somehow came in powersaving mode, and always activated / deactivated on starting / stopping playback. Deactivating the powersaving mode was the solution:
Edit /etc/rc.local and add before the exit-line:

echo 0 > /sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save


Nautilus: Show image thumbnails at more than 200% size

Open a terminal and enter the following commands.

In case you had enabled experimental views in Nautilus, we will first disable it.

Then we set the desired "standard" icon thumbnail size. In this example, I've set thumbnail icon sizes to 400, but you can set it to whatever you want.

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences use-experimental-views false
gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.icon-view thumbnail-size 400

Note, if you want to make the above changes using a GUI application instead of a terminal, you can disable experimental views in Nautilus' Preferences menu. Also, you can install the package dconf-editor and set both fields using the Dconf Editor's GUI.
Restart

To make the changes effective kill the Nautius process (or simply restart your computer).

killall nautilus

Open Nautilus and navigate to the pictures folder you want to view.
Click on the "Icons View" grid in the header bar.

Here is the thumbnails view with larger icons (100% = 400px). You can still scale them bigger or smaller from the new large default size you had set in step 1.


How to make Clutterflow show automatically in Nautilus

I've made my own feature which shows it automatically.

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1721799


Shotwell on Maverick does it auto-magically. Just select your photos, click on Publish, select Facebook and done.

I have found a PPA that will let you install Shotwell 0.72 (Maverick's version) in Lucid.


LAWL. I got pranked. =/

A co-worker disabled my scroll lock when using my computer the other day. He changed my Keyboard layout options under keyboard layout to make my Ctrl key to act as my Caps Lock.

Got to Settings -> Keyboard Layout -> Options.

There was a Ctrl key position and he had Caps Lock as Ctrl selected.

Hope this helps someone else.


Why are upgradable packages not upgraded?

You can run the command line below for upgrade all upgradable packages and their dependencies:

  sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


Is there an anonymous proxy application for Ubuntu?

"Proxifier" for Windows seems like an anonymous proxy/VPN-type-thing.

On Ubuntu then, you want Tor.

Get the Tor Bundle at https://www.torproject.org/download/download


Can't SSH into Ubuntu Desktop from Windows laptop via ethernet cable

Problem fixed after changing the IP address of enp69s0 from 192.168.1.1 to another value 192.168.1.3. Didn't realize that 192.168.1.1 is usually reserved for the router.


Should I be concerned about disable SELinux?

SELinux is a security feature for Linux distributions.  It is not typically used in Ubuntu, which includes a different product, apparmor, which has similar goals.

These tools put restrictions on what various applications (such as daemons) can do, in order to provide additional security against intrusion.

Apparmor is enabled by default in Ubuntu but some profiles are not enforced.

More information about Apparmor is available here.


Ubuntu Server 20.04 installation fails on grub installation (UEFI mode, Thinkpad X120e)

I was able to get this installed using the efi_no_storage_paranoia parameter!
To add the parameter, press 'e' on the live usb boot menu. Then add efi_no_storage_paranoia as the last parameter on the line with linux at the beginning. Press F10 to boot with the parameter now set.
Once the live usb boots, I recommend dropping into the shell (through the help menu or otherwise) and typing dmesg | grep "Command line". If you entered the kernel parameter correctly, you should see efi_no_storage_paranoia listed at the end of the command.
Note that using this parameter could be dangerous (and brick your system), so only use it if you're sure it's the issue.
From here I was able to proceed as normal, and the grub installation process went smoothly!


It's unclear how you were booting before, so it's unclear how you'd restore whatever your previous configuration was. I'll therefore suggest that you install rEFIt or its successor rEFInd. These are boot managers that scan the disk for EFI and BIOS boot loaders and enable you to boot anything that they find. Chances are either one will pick up your "lost" Ubuntu boot loader. Be aware that if you use rEFInd, it defaults to scanning only for EFI boot loaders, so if you had been booting Ubuntu in BIOS mode, you may need to reconfigure rEFInd to scan for BIOS boot loaders by editing the "scanfor" option in its refind.conf configuration file.


Ubuntu 13.10 items in dash are not selctable

running unity --reset-icons solved the problem


Emacs Unity global app menu integration stopped working in 11.10


This cannot be solved through SSH.

Go to the console, boot your iso, change into your home folder, find thumbnails, internet caches and delete them all.

Disable your internet connection because Ubuntu or other programs might fill the the available space with security updates, ... and run out of disk space immediately.

Try to reboot (still offline) and run the normal sudo apt-get remove/purge to get space, then remove obsolete linux kernels (they can be found in aptitude under search obsolete or no longer needed packages)!

Reboot again and activate your internet.

It should work now. Be aware that additional removal/purging of the system might be needed! Do find obsolete/unwanted packages and clean them.


This could be a driver problem, however, it could simply be interference in your home (another wireless signal etc).

There are a few best practises for placing your router in your home; see if any of these may apply:

Place router in a central location (centre of your home)
Avoid metal objects near your router (microwaves etc)
Avoid placing near walls
Try mounting it up high for further reach
Find the antenna's optimal position (if your router's antenna is external)
Avoid rooms where a lot of people will be (human's water mass can interfere with wifi signal too)
Try changing the channel your wifi uses (on your router conf page)

Source: Huffington Post


"Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string" when running xampp installer file

Judging by the error you are getting, and found on this site here, the error can occur when you are installing a 64bit version of the program on a 32bit system.

What does the command uname -a return on your system?  If you see anything other than x86_64 in that line, then download the 32bit version of the application.

Hope this helps!


Why am I not able to copy and paste with the center button of my mouse?

The easiest method is to install gpointing-device-settings

sudo apt-get install gpointing-device-settings

You then 'use wheel emulation'

gpointing-device-settings looks as in image.


Maybe it's a hardware failure, you can troubleshoot it with Ubuntu Live USB. Plug in the live usb and checkout the webcam, if the problem still persist then it is probably due to the hardware failure.
Hope it help you.


Making a dual boot from two single boots

But of course! You will need some special tweaking, though.

If you have a uEFI system, simply install something like rEFInd. It will allow you to choose whether to boot into vista or Ubuntu. Don't hotswap drives, though. Keep one in the caddy, and make sure it stays there.

If you have Legacy BIOS, it gets a bit trickier. You need to go into your BIOS settings and figure out how to select a one-time boot device. Once you have found that, place the Vista hard drive in your PC, and the Ubuntu drive in the caddy. Use BIOS to select the specific drive, and voila!

The reason I had you stay away from GRUB is because it'll not find what it wants (Linux) if the Windows drive is internal. Conversely, Windows won't work too well if it's not internal. It's very picky about hardware...


All my LibreOffice macros are gone. How to recover them?

Maybe you can take a look in ~/.config/libreoffice. If you recently upgraded LibreOffice to a new version, it's possible that your old settings weren't transferred. You should find your Basic macro's in .xba files in ~/.config/libreoffice/$VERSION/user/basic/Standard, replacing $VERSION with one of the versions you have/had installed. For example, I apparently have two directories under libreoffice/, viz. 3/ and 4/.
If this is the case, and you find your macro's under an older version, use the file manager to copy them to the macro directory of the most recent LibreOffice version. You should be able to see them again when next time you start the LibreOffice. I suggest that before you do this, you back up the original macro directory of the most recent version.


multiple monitors, multiple workspaces, multiple mouse&keyboards

This is called a "multiseat X" configuration.

There's a page on Ubuntu Wiki about it:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MultiseatX

Other links:

How to set up a multiseat system?

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/19340/how-can-i-run-a-separate-x-session-on-a-different-physical-display


Where place executables and how show them in the menu?

Using gnome-desktop-item-edit
For this you need gnome-tweak-tool or gnome-shell installed
Use ALT+F2 and type
gnome-desktop-item-edit --create-new ~/Desktop

This will open the dialog Create Launcher

You can put this .desktop file in /home/<username>/.local/share/applications/ to make it appear in the dash
Using alacarte
For this method, you need alacarte installed.Do it by
sudo apt-get install alacarte

And use ALT+F2 and type in alacarte
You will get this dialog:

Select the category you want and click "New Item"
You will get this dialog

Click OK . It will appear in the dash

Sources:
Bruno Pereira's answer
Binarylife's answer
Kikixx's answer


Followed the steps here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BinaryDriverHowto/ATI

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.BAK
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx-amdcccle
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx-updates fglrx-amdcccle-updates
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic
sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-amdcccle
sudo aticonfig --initial

Rebooted, lines gone.


How to connect to / edit files on 12.04 guest from Windows 7 host?

Short answer: Yes

Long answers:

Yes, VirtualBox supports a feature which allows a certain folder to be shared between the guest and the host os. You just drag and drop from windows anything you might want in that folder, and you will be able to see it inside the guest.

Yes, If you set up your virtual machine's networking mode to bridged mode, then you will be able to use a browser to access it. To be more specific, if you have set up a web server in your virtual machine, and let's say the virtual machine's internal ip address is 192.168.1.3, then just fire Chrome (or Firefox, or anything for that sake) and type in the address field the ip address.


Disable network with the applet makes wireless networks do disapear

In order to restart the applet and the network service run:

systemctl restart network-manager.service


Dell XPS 14 9434 laptop Wifi Adapter Disabled and I can't enable it?

I seem to be solving my own problems after posting a lot these days. Though I am not sure exactly what I did that fixed it, here is everything I did as reference.

Removed and Purged the Drivers entirely, rebooted to be sure.
sudo rfkill unblock all and other commands associated with this (google is full of them) eg: Installing Broadcom Wireless Drivers
I could not find any other drivers interfering with the Wifi so ruled this out.
Finally I found a post mentioning gksu gedit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf and changing a value from false to true
Finally restart the NM sudo service network-manager restart

These last 2 steps were what I was missing but I'm not sure what else I did that contributed.

This page also had lots of useful info: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1411216


I can't submit my app to The Ubuntu App Showdown

You should use quickly 12.04 (12.04-0ubuntu2 is the package version), which is available in Ubuntu 12.04.  If you are not running Ubuntu 12.04, you should either upgrade or run it in a virtual machine for your development environment.
You need to create a signed source package (debuild -S) in order to use dput to upload it to a PPA.  The GPG key used to sign the package should be attached to your Launchpad account.
You need to create a Launchpad project for your app then run quickly configure lp-project [project name] before you can use quickly release


How to add the source packages on launchpad to my PPA?

Just point your package users to add PPA with source option:

sudo add-apt-repository -s ppa:pierre-barbierdereuille/ppa

instead of binary builds only:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pierre-barbierdereuille/ppa

Reference: man add-apt-repository

  -s,  --enable-source  Allow downloading of the source packages from the repository


Ubuntu 15.10: Where does it save program install information?

So  figure out at which time you installed some packages have a look at the APT history logs /var/log/apt/history.log* or the dpkg logs /var/log/dpkg.log*


Wine Errors in Ubuntu 12.10 driving me crazy

just try another EASY way: Go to Ubuntu Software Center and search Microsoft Windows Compatibility Layer (meta-package)

That't it! Just click install and Done.


Ubuntu 18 LTS, Upgrade Processor may affect Operating System?

Ubuntu Auto Check

Some people in forum indicate hardware auto check when boot and according it accept, so no need reinstallation of ubuntu.

Kernel!

Some people indicates due to kernel is tidy with hardware, so reinstall required.

Opinion

I found linux/ubuntu new upgrade of kernel auto managed hardware do all stuff and on operating system boot up / restart it automatically organize.

Yes. without reinstall CPU can be change, just power off and replace CPU and reboot operating system will works.


Figured it out, turns out that while the magick command is not available, the other commands are; convert, etc.

I used man imagemagick to find this out.

So...

Instead of: magick pic.png pic.tiff

Use: convert pic.png pic.tiff

Leaving this q/a here for posterity because I can't be the only one confused by the lack of the magick command.


How to limit the network bandwidth usage in Virtual box

I was able to fix it inside Windows 7 (inside the virtual machine) by installing netlimiter and adding a new rule to the application limiting its upload speed. This solution will work on all Windows above Windows 7


Terminal line glitches, text gets displayed as overwritten or command text appears in prompt area

I'm very late, but the problem here is that Bash doesn't know where to place the cursor, because it interprets the special colour code characters as normal text. This is fixed by putting \[ and \] tags around the colour codes. Instead of writing \e[1;31m to make text red, you should write \[\e[1;31m\].
If you're having this problem, carefully check all colour escape codes to see if they have those tags around them.


How do I get suspend icon in Unity dash in Ubuntu 14.04 like 18.04?

You can achieve this on Ubuntu 14.04 using by installing the power-commands package from the "atareao-team" PPA. Then you'll find shutdown/reboot/suspend and other options by searching in the Unity dash.

To install the package, run the following commands.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/atareao
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install power-commands

Source: article posted at maketecheasier.com


Create a directory that you want to use as your mount point, for example myserver:

  sudo mkdir /media/myserver

Add the following line to /etc/fstab:

  myserverip /media/myserver/ davfs noauto,user,rw 0 0

Change myserverip to the IP address or domain name and port of your webDAV server.

Open ~/.davfs2/secrets (per user) or /etc/davfs2/secrets (system wide) and find the credential line section, now add a line with the server ip, the username you need to login to the webDAV share and the password in the following order:

  myserverip webdavusername webdavpassword

Set the correct permissions on ~/.davfs2/secrets or /etc/davfs2/secrets:

  chmod 600 ~/.davfs2/secrets

or

  sudo chmod 600 /etc/davfs2/secrets

run sudo dpkg-reconfigure davfs2 and select yes to allow mounting by non-root users.

check that in /etc/davfs2/davfs2.conf you have:

dav_user        davfs2           # system wide config file only
dav_group       davfs2           # system wide config file only

add your user (my username in this example) to the davfs2 group:

  sudo usermod -aG davfs2 myusername

You can check that it you have been added to the group by running groups myusername:

myusername : myusername davfs2

Reboot or log out to let the group changes come in effect.

You should now be able to mount your share by clicking on it in your file browser.


Kindly explain me this code of increment decrement operator

That's the typical result of undefined or implementation dependent behavior.  When your expression is altering a variable on both sites of the equation (among many other situations), you are basically doing it wrong.  Just because it "works" with one compiler release does not mean it will give the same answer in the next release.  Read the language specification carefully to see what sort of things are undefined or implementation dependent, and avoid them. Neither answer is "correct", they are undefined.  Different answers may even be triggered by different optimizations of the same compiler.

In practice, you should use your compiler warning flags and a static analysis tool like valgrind or Purify to flag these sorts of things.  And until you understand the meaning of terms like "Lvalue" and "Rvalue", just using an operator precedence table is not really sufficient to understand what's going on with some of the pre/post fix incre/decre operators.


Devstack is not persistent. It was not intended to run after a reboot. If you want a simpler tool to try Openstack try Packstack (RHEL/CENTOS), if you want for an Ubuntu environment try Openstack Training Labs or Clojure-Up.These projects should help you.


Is it possible to use two different shells for different terminal windows?

Yes, like takkat said you can start gnome-terminal, or xterm, or konsole in kde or press Ctrl+Alt+F1 or Ctrl+Alt+F2 or Ctrl+Alt+F3, etc.. All by default use bash but you can have fish opened along side with them as well.

To have any of the 2 do this:

gnome-terminal -e bash (To start gnome-terminal with bash)
gnome-terminal -e fish (To start gnome-terminal with fish)


wifi on toshiba laptop with rtl8192ce driver

echo "options rtl8192ce swenc=Y ips=N" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8192ce.conf has been a reliable fix after a reboot


I get the "unable to locate package" message when trying to install php-xml-rss, even though I have the universe repo added

On my research I found that php-xml-rss package is only available in trusty (14.04LTS), you can verify it here.

A solution could be to download the .DEB files from here or here, depending on which version of Ubuntu you're using.

Hope it helps.


Thinkpad X1 Extreme Intel UHD 630 Screen Tearing

It turns out my problem was not the graphics driver, it was Firefox (to test the tearing I was going to a Youtube video and watching a tearing test). To fix it I went to Firefox and typed in the URL:

about:config

I accepted the warning and searched:

layers.acceleration.force-enabled

I set that to True.


How do I get the exit status when using the sed command?

You can use qn to quit with exit status n - but to make that useful, you will also need to use some Branching and Flow Control:

  t
  branch conditionally (that is: jump to a label) only if a s///
  command has succeeded since the last input line was read or another
  conditional branch was taken.

It is probably best to choose a value for n that is distinct from one of the standard exit status values:

  An exit status of zero indicates success, and a nonzero value
  indicates failure.  GNU 'sed' returns the following exit status error
  values:

0
 Successful completion.

1
 Invalid command, invalid syntax, invalid regular expression or a
 GNU 'sed' extension command used with '--posix'.

2
 One or more of the input file specified on the command line could
 not be opened (e.g.  if a file is not found, or read permission is
 denied).  Processing continued with other files.

4
 An I/O error, or a serious processing error during runtime, GNU
 'sed' aborted immediately.

So for example

$ echo "foo.bar" | sed 's/bar.*$//; t; q42' ; echo $?
foo.
0

whereas

$ echo "foo.bar" | sed 's/baz.*$//; t; q42' ; echo $?
foo.bar
42

If you want to omit the default printing of the pattern space, then replace q by Q (note that Q is a GNU extension).


Set as default application is not working (opening pdf files): Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS

Find this file: /home/yourusername/.config/mimeapps.list
And replace "application/pdf=blablabla" line to this;
application/pdf=evince.desktop;

(If not exist line, add to "[Added Associations]".)
Tested and works in Ubuntu 18.04, 19.04, 20.04


Require help installing a .jar file. (14.04)

You didn't say where you got Java 8 and whether or not you installed it, or what version it is.

From the Chunky install web page at http://chunky.llbit.se/install.html:

Before installing Chunky you will need Java 8 update 40 or later. You can download Java here.

On Ubuntu, and some other Linux distributions, you may have to install a JavaFX library to be able to run Chunky. On Ubuntu 16.04, just have to install the package openjfx.

Which means that you need to at least install default-jre (OpenJDK 8) and openjfx.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install default-jre openjfx

If that doesn't allow Chunky to run without error, you'll need to install the Oracle Java 8 found at https://java.com/en/ or via ppa:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer


Intel has drivers for your card on their website.

To help you install the driver, take a look at How do I install a .tar.gz (or .tar.bz2) file


WiFi symbol missing, 16.04, internet works, all wifi networks available in system settings

This is due to a bug (https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/indicator-applet/+bug/1585886), you can restart "nm-applet" in command prompt.  No need to reboot or even restart network service.


Intel 8260 does not work in Ubuntu 14.04.3

It looks like you installed Ubuntu 14.04.3 with kernel 3.19.

The problem is that the kernel 3.19 does support Intel 8260, but it needs firmware that is not in the original linux-firmware file.

It is even worse. This kernel supports firmware version 9-12 for this adapter, but the trusty-updates package has version 13.

Since you just did a fresh install, I suggest to download and install Ubuntu 14.04.4, that does support the wireless adapter.

Ubuntu 14.04.4 will install kernel 4.2 that supports firmware version 10-15 and you will get firmware v. 13 out-of-the-box.

That will be much easier than to upgrade the kernel without any internet access.

Hopefully your Ethernet adapter will work too. If this is not the case, you can ask another question regarding the Ethernet.

For Lenovo Yoga 700 the wireles adapter is blocked by ideapad_laptop kernel module. You can temporarily fix it by running

sudo modprobe -r ideapad_laptop

This issue has been fixed in the last kernel update since 4.2.0-28. After you install the system and update the kernel, your wireless adapter should work.

Do not forget to install updates for your system and you will not need to stop ideapad_laptop any more.


Ecryptfs - mount: mount(2) failed: No such file or directory

Run the ecryptfs add passphrase command with the filename encryption key (if you're encrypting the filenames)

ecryptfs-add-passphrase --fnek


This device uses the driver combination bcma and brcmsmac. It shouldn’t be necessary to install anything at all. Required firmware is installed by default in the package linux-firmware. In a few cases, it is necessary to blacklist b43 and ssb. Running the following commands would do this:

sudo -i
echo "blacklist b43" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
echo "blacklist ssb" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
exit

This sorts the issue for me.

Source: Post by chili555 on Ubuntu forums


End script and restart it with the same options and arguments

Just make an infinite while loop:

  #!/bin/sh

  while [ TRUE ]; do

    check_server_status 10.0..
    etherwake ff:ff..

  done


How to scan multiple pages to one PDF file using HP Envoy 4500

Did you use Simple Scan?

If you don't press "New Document" but keep on scanning using the button with the scanner icon, you should be able to save all pages in a single file.


applications to create custom distribution of ubuntu

Have you tried Remastersys?

A small excerpt about what you can do with this tool:

  Remastersys is a tool that can be used to do 2 things with an existing Klikit or Ubuntu or derivative installation.It can make a full system backup including personal data to a live cd or dvd that you can use anywhere and install. It can make a distributable copy you can share with friends. This will not have any of your personal user data in it.


Your hardware/driver need to support the required OpenGL version, you can check the version reported using

glxinfo | grep "OpenGL version"

The first step is to install the development libraries of OpenGL/Glut in Ubuntu:-

sudo apt-get install freeglut3 freeglut3-dev

For newer versions of Ubuntu (>= 11.10) you have to install another package because the linker does’t link anymore.

sudo apt-get install binutils-gold

For libgdx its really hard to state all things here but please refer to this link to learn how to configure and install.


12.04 to 14.04: no Launcher or Panel after logout/login

This worked for me, courtesy of System76.com:

sudo apt-get purge unity ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get autoremove --purge
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop


Which desktop environment removes window borders/frames of full-screen windows by default (or easy)?

I've seen some pretty interesting combinations of elementary os + super wingpanel + maximus.

http://www.heath-bar.com/blog/?p=685


Found the solution linked from this question but I'll paste here for easy access.
It's apparently a better solution to run X11 as root. The one-line fix is to add this to this to /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config:
needs_root_rights = yes
It's a one line fix in /lib/systemd/system/gdm3.service
Replace

[Service]

ExecStartPre=/usr/share/gdm/generate-config

with

[Service]

ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/xinit /usr/share/gdm/generate-config


Time change in Windows after booting to Ubuntu

Your computer stores the time in a hardware clock on its motherboard. The clock keeps track of time, even when the computer is off. By default, Windows assumes the time is stored in local time, while Linux assumes the time is stored in UTC time and applies an offset. This leads to one of your operating systems showing the wrong time in a dual boot situation.

To fix this, Make Linux use to local time.

1) To make this change, first, open a Terminal window on your Linux system. Run the following command.

timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 --adjust-system-clock

2) To check your current settings, run:

timedatectl

If you see “RTC in local TZ: yes”, you are successful.

Reference


Multitouch + Scrolling do not work on Acer 4741

Start the System Settings (e.g. via the button in the top right corner -> System Settings) and the go to Mouse and Touchpad. There select Touchpad. This tab offers you to enable two-finger scrolling and also horizontal scrolling.


disk image feature in disks utility. Has anyone used it?

Clonezilla is smart enough to recognize most filesystems and skip the free space, reducing the size of the image.  The disks utility is not so smart and just copies everything.  Also clonezilla can further compress the image reducing its size even more.  Due to the lack of these features, the gnome disk utility's current image support isn't practically usable.


You are reading documentation from 2006 the idea that their practices mentioned in them seem contradictory is not surprising.

However lets answer this given the modern state of Linux distributions.

/sbin is system binaries
/etc is host-specific system-wide configuration data
/usr is shared, read only data
/var is host-specific, persistent, variable data
/run is run-time (since last boot) variable data

Given that lets consider each of your points:

This is because of service managers including init.d require both host configuration and the shared (user) /usr/bin for programs. The second link is implying booting as in booting normally while the first link is referring to administrative tasks such as system recovery. Both are correct given the context.
Modern Linux don't actually have a /bin instead its in /usr/bin which is considered essential in the second document. /boot need not be on the same partition because it contains data for the bootloader and Linux doesn't necessarily need it while booting itself after the bootloader. Further /boot will usually be a separate partition with a file system the bootloader supports. This just leaves /sbin, the linux kernel will call init after some point however file systems are mounted as part of the initram. Information contained in /etc/fstab may contain where /sbin/ is to be mounted before /sbin/init is called therefor it can be seperate.
The second link isn't actually saying that /usr must be mounted read-only only that its intended to be read-only from applications perspective. However files are still changed as part of the administrative tasks of installing and updating software. Certain tools like the package manager therefor to write data here.
GRUB is aware of file systems although given your phrasing its worth noting that it wouldn't really matter from Linux's perspective. For example on Android the kernel (system program) and initram are stored in partitions with no file system. A bootloader will then load Linux and initram into memory and call into Linux. Linux will then mount root from the initram. The initram contains the necessary kernel modules and software to access hardware and mount the root file system it doesn't need any configuration to do this because it was passed on from the bootloader. But then it will access files like /etc/fstab, mount /sbin if needed before calling /sbin/init.


I dont fix this error when make rtl8821ce!

I had this problem, and it is most likely based on the download.

Try the newest version I think here, and then run make and sudo make install after cd'ing to the download folder (after extracting the zip). The make command should work.


how to run testdisk.exe on a dd image of a 2TB hard drive

)

Boot into a system (live CD?) and use testdisk to access the image. Leave HD1 in peace.
(Do not mount or touch in any way). Confirm that that's the case please

Read the guide by the makers of testdisk.

Start testdisk rescue.dd. Analyse the partition table and post the result in your question.


How to secure network manager with password?

Create the connection as an administrative user -- check the "Available to All Users" check box. Then have users login as non-admin users.


Program to encode an audio file to video

Using VLC:
In Media menu, select "convert/save"
In "file selection" clic "add", select your sound file.
Clic "show more option" , clic "play another media synchronously" ,  select your video as "extra media" .
Clic "convert/save" button.
Select "Youtube video SD" in Profile list, give a name as "test.flv" in "file destination"
clic "start",
After transcode process, test.flv  is in your home directory.


How to Keep project files on different partation in ubuntu?

The .....data00 partition is mounted at /data00. That means that you can access it in your file manager by going to “other locations” and then choose computer. /data00 will appear as a folder called data00.
You can move data there via copy and paste using the file manager. Alternatively you can use the mv command to move or the cp command to copy using the terminal. The terminal makes it very easy to move all files or all files that match a condition in one operation.
When you create new files you should be able to save them by navigating to the /data00 folder using the save dialogue of the application you are using.
You might need to change the ownership of the /data00 folder and subfolders with the chown command. It’s easy to google for examples of these commands if you need them


Copying files to external HD formatted to ext4

Case of external drives formatted in ext4 filesystem, is not convenient to work directly on the partition, but to create a directory such data, and in this work, prior to grant full permissions.

Example:

sudo -i
mkdir /media/user/transHD/data
chmod -Rf 777 /media/user/transHD/data

Then you should be able to work seamlessly with files and directories in /data


Can't rezise Ubuntu partition from live usb

You can't move "space" you can move partitions.

Run sudo swapoff -a in terminal, and you will be able to move and resize partitions.


Gwenview 20.04 snf 20.04.1 video is not playing

I just found Gwenview Version 19.12.3, and there the video is working.


Cannot create a new document in /var/www

You need root permissions to write to /var/www folder. You can create/edit files in /var/www folder with sudo.

sudo gedit /var/www/myfile.html

or

sudo touch /var/www/myfile.html  # only to create a file.

Additionally,

You can choose one of your own directory as your web folder. You can create a folder in your /home directory and change the web server's folder to it.

you can replace "/var/www" string in following files into your own directory path and then you can use new directory as your www folder.

/etc/apache2/sites-available/default
/etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl

After changing contents of the above files, run

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

to restart webserver. Then you will be able to use new directory as the web folder.


How to check if any background process is utilizing the internet connection?

If you want the information in a Terminal you can run sudo lsof -i which will tell you all open internet connections (and listening processes too).

Your screenshot shows no anomaly, nothing unexpected (except maybe tomcat). So take one more step to investigate: you are going to look at actual bandwidth used in any connection with external hosts.

For this you need to

install iftop by typing sudo apt-get install iftop
run it with sudo iftop (or maybe sudo iftop -i wlan0 if the first command gives an error)

You will get a picture like

where the top line shows the overall used bandwidth (here very little bandwidth is used at the moment).


It looks like your laptop has a SIM card inside.  (The HP ProBook does, for instance. Coupled with a data subscription, this is very useful in zones where there is no Wi-Fi.)  You usually find the SIM by removing the battery slot.

Probably Ubuntu detected the SIM after an OS update and is now showing the option on Network Connections.  You can ignore it.


What are mailing lists and how do they function?

Mailing lists are used in a lot of open source projects. They are essentially a server you send email to and that broadcasts the email on to a load of subscribers. This simple model has a few functions:

Few to many/announcements. It's common that a release mailing list will have a few people who can broadcast email about updates and releases. People who need to know about these subscribe.
Devel/discussion. These are more like a forum where developers are free to table and talk over development topics.
Support. Identical in method to a discussion list but set aside for users to ask support questions, like here.

How you use them is largely up to you. You can read Ubuntu's without anything more than a browser as they are all publicly archived. If you want to subscribe (so that new messages are delivered into your inbox) you can from the list's listinfo page.

If you want to be able to post, most lists will require that you subscribe first. For some subjects this also requires that a moderator authorises you to send email. But sending the messages after that point is no harder than sending an email to the list's email address.

Notes:

You can see all the Ubuntu lists here: https://lists.ubuntu.com
Each list might run its own rules (see the listinfo page, example)


JBE can be installed with:

sudo apt-get install libbytecode-java libasm3-java


Print a helpful error message when printing quota is reached

Answered here on Super User by Semafoor:

  I would look into using incrontab for monitoring changes to the
  file system, and combine that with the little script you already have.

  This looks approximately as follows.   First, save the script that you
  want to execute as a file, e.g. as cups_monitor.sh in
  /usr/local/bin (don't forget to make it executable).

#!/bin/sh
VAR=`tail -n 1 /var/log/cups/error_log | grep 'client-error-not-possible for Create-Job'`
if [[ -n "$VAR" ]]; then
   echo "$VAR" | DISPLAY=:0 notify-send -t 30000 -i
fi

  You might want to check this. My scripts are never right first try :).
  Also note that it is possible that this script does not capture your
  error message if it is followed by other message: I only look at the
  last line of the log file (-n 1); this should be easy to change.

  Then edit your incrontab

incrontab -e

  by adding the line

/var/log/cups/error_log IN_CLOSE_WRITE /usr/local/bin/cups_monitor.sh

  The IN_CLOSE_WRITE is called an 'event symbol' and indicates that
  you want to want to call your script when/var/log/cups/error_log was
  closed after it was opened for writing; you can find other events in
  the man page of incrontab.

  Keep in mind that I did not test this. You can see whether the
  incrontab file was changed successfully and whether it calls your
  script or not by looking in the syslog (tail /var/log/syslog).


How do I pass an option to a Unity Shortcut?

One way might be to add a Quicklist for the parameters. You can find out how to do that here: What Custom Launchers and Unity Quicklists are available?


Cannot stat 'direction', permission denied when permission's are set

I think you almost had it there with help from muru.  All folders in the tree do need to be executable by www-data.  Since the quotr folder is owned by the app group and www-data is in the app group, it'd be better to give exec to the group instead of others:

chmod g+x quotr

As a side suggestion...
I have built several websites with nginx as www-data.  What has worked well for me is to let www-data own everything as user and group.  Then I add my user & whoever else needs access to the www-data group.


It's most likely a limitation of your virtual machine's drivers, or at least the default installed ones. Check your video settings for the virtual machine. You may be able to try a different "video card." Also, make sure "Enable 3D acceleration" is enabled in the virtual machine settings. Make sure to restart your virtual machine after any settings changes.

Additionally, you can try checking for drivers from within Ubuntu. Simply make sure apt-get is up to date, and check the "Additional Drivers" application to see if either have detected video drivers.


Better make sure you are in the directory where the file you wanna run is in... I dont think it will work otherwise lol.


How to create a bootable usb stick on OS X

Try the following command

hdiutil convert -format UDRW -o ~/Downloads/ubuntu.img ~/Downloads/ubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso

Use sudo before the command if required.

This will convert the iso file to an img file and save it as 'ubuntu.img' in your Downloads folder.

Run diskutil list and determine the device node assigned to the USB Drive eg- /dev/disk2

Now unmount this disk diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskN where N should be replaced with the node number determined above eg- 2.

Now, write the image to the USB drive using the command

sudo dd if=~/Downloads/ubuntu.img.dmg of=/dev/rdiskN bs=1m

where N should be replaced with the node number.


No.

I have the RCA Viking Pro, and the USB connection treats the RCA tablet just like an external flash memory.

There is no control capability.


How to automatically forward all network connections through a proxy?

This response on superuser.com recommends the proxychains package, which enables you to send all TCP connections on a system through a proxy (or chain of proxies).


Upper part of desktop cut off on a Panasonic VIERA TC-P50X3 50-Inch 720p television

in my case I hade to change the display settings on my TV ( SAMSUNG UE40D6505)


Port 2003 not open/listen and can't access data on Graphite

It's not open because nothing is listening on port 2003.
A port isn't a door for packets to come flying through, an application has to sit on it to accept them.

To me that suggests the thing you want to be listening there is either configured incorrectly or simply isn't running. I'm not familiar with either of the things you mentioned in the question (perhaps edit to link to them, or leave a comment), but nothing seems to be being "blocked".


The 500MB download size is correct.The 5GB installation size indicates of the hard disk space Ubuntu is going to occupy. So no worries about your data plan.

To further explain: it downloads a .tar.xz file from http://releases.ubuntu.com/12.04.1/ubuntu-12.04.1-wubi-amd64.tar.xz which is around 486 MB. However expect same file for 12.10 around 536 MB.


Can't open a separate usbdrive when booting from a liveusb install 12.10

There was change for 12.10 where the mount point for automount devices is now in /media/username.  Previously the mount point was in /media.  I'm not sure why they changed it, but it seems like that the creation for /media/username at boot time was forgotten for the LiveUSB/DVD.

Try making the directory and see if the automount now works:

sudo mkdir /media/ubuntu

If that doesn't work, try mounting manually:

sudo mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt

...assuming the device you are trying to mount is /dev/sdc.  The mount point will be /mnt, or you can use /media/ubuntu if you wish since you just made it.


Many errors (I think dpkg related) after updating from Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04

Now that you have fixed the main problem by running the command: sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/fontconfig.* /tmp , you need to reinstall fontconfig.

First, run the following commands to reinstall fontconfig:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install --reinstall fontconfig

If that fails because it "cannot download" fontconfig, run the following command:

sudo apt install --reinstall $(for i in $(dpkg -l | grep fontconfig | awk '{ print $2 }'); do echo "$i"=2.12.6-0ubuntu2; done)

Then, run the following commands to verify that 2.12.6-0ubuntu2 actually is the latest version:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install --reinstall $(dpkg -l | grep fontconfig | awk '{ print $2 }')

To explain: There was a "newer" version of the fontconfig packages "2.12.6-0ubuntu2.3" that was removed from the "proposed" repository so it is no longer available for download. In order to reinstall, we must downgrade to "2.12.6-0ubuntu2". These commands also downgrade any other fontconfig package that may be installed.


It happened to me that one of my computers sharing a folder didn't have the "server string = " option. The effect was that trying to acces from the folder administrator in windows prompted me to introduce user and password (within the active directory) but always unsuccesfully.

Setting up that option cleared the problem


Boot failure on any partition after upgrading to ubuntu 18.04 (broken UEFI)

It seems that I tried the few things I can do...

Actually there was another thing to do, and luckily it was enough to get out of this bad situation. I tried to reset the NVRAM/PRAM using Alt+Cmd+P+R when booting. Then I could access again the other booting option with Alt, but I could not reinstall rEFInd because this manipulation has reactivated the SIP (a protection that I had apparently disabled).

I don't understand yet what was the problem, but I am glad it was enough to avoid the catastrophy. I hope it will help.


Prevent cgroup filesystem from getting mounted

After getting help from the cgroup-lite maintainers at Launchpad, this turned out to be a problem with docker and not with cgroup-lite itself. Uninstalling docker leaves configuration files in /etc/init that mount the cgroup subsystems at boot time. So purging docker solves this problem.


Is Ubuntu Touch support available for Android Lollipop or Android M?

Ubuntu Touch is not an application running on Android, but another mobile operating system that replaces Android (it might run side by side, as you can install both Linux and Windows at the same time).

You cannot say "Android L or Android M is compatible", but have to look at the limited list of compatible devices.


Can I re-install my OS without affecting my previous data?

I take it you have a bootable installation disk or USB key.  This should be able to discover your root and/or boot partitions.  Try running fsck on these partitions when they aren't mounted.  This would be my preferred recovery mechanism.  Before actually changing the data you may want to use the no-action flag.  Once your system is bootable, it should run any appropriate recovery when it reboots.

If you do opt to reinstall, you can overwrite the existing root partition.  Back it up before you do so as you may need to recover some of the data that is stored there.  Most importantly your mount structure, but likely some other configuration information.

When asking for help it helps to be specific about the problem.  Does the system fail to boot at all?  Can you bring it up in single user mode?  Does it fail to find the root partition?  Does it mount the root partition read-only?

EDIT:  Ubuntu should give you a startup splash page.  If you have an install disk for the version it may have recovery boot option that will allow you to boot into your normal server installation from the disk.  I haven't done this in a while, but the help pages are usually bound to Function keys.  If that works, you should be able to recover your data, and usually your installation.


I would try opening a file in gedit or another plain text editor.

Assuming these are very small files (2 kilobytes or smaller), they are usually mIRC script files, for use with the Windows IRC client of the same name.


Uncertainty involving installing GRUB and multiple hard drives

Have you got a windows 7 disc? If you do you are fine.

Formatting the partition containing the windows bootloader will stop windows from being able to be launched. However you can reinstall the windows bootloader using the install dvd as described here:

http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/33433/restore-the-windows-boot-loader-after-an-ubuntu-update/

This will probably mess up grub (not sure as it is on a separate hdd) which you can recover as described here:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1014708


To build and install matplotlib you'll need to install the necessary dependencies. In this particular case, it seems you are missing python-gtk2-dev.

As for the crash with help('modules') in python, it is likely that it is trying to load both the introspected bindings, as well as the old static bindings; and that will cause a crash as there are conflicting symbols in the incompatible libraries they support.


Xubuntu freezes when a panel item (menu, calendar, program etc.) clicked

update and upgrade you system
and update gnome and gnome-shell
 hope it sloves

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

sudo apt-get install gnome

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

sudo apt-get update && upgrade


How can I show all kernels in the Grub2 menu, ie disable submenu ("Previous Linux Versions")?

In the latest Ubuntu (14.04), one can specify:

GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=y

in /etc/default/grub.

Then apply with

sudo update-grub


Install RStudio: " 'rstudio-server' already exists"

You had previously installed it so the rstudio-server user had been previously created.

If you are trying to install Rstudio desktop, use

wget https://download1.rstudio.org/rstudio-0.99.896-amd64.deb
sudo gdebi rstudio-0.99.896-amd64.deb.


The Mono version present in the repositories (2.6.7) is able to run only .NET 3.5 applications, and yours is .NET 4.
To run your application you probably need Mono 2.8 or, even better, 2.10.2.
I don't know which are the plans to put those frameworks in the official repositories (I do hope for the next ubuntu but I don't think so). Anyway, googling for mono 2.10.2, you'd be able to find some guides to install a parallel mono environment able to run .NET 4 applications :)

I hope to be helpful,
Mat.


Yes, the command is called split.

tar czf - stuff | split -b 5G -d -f 'ssh server "cat >$FILE"'

This option is new in Ubuntu 12.04. With previous versions, split can only split to files, not to commands. The files can be named pipes, but organizing the commands to read from the pipes is cumbersome.

Without split -f, an easier approach is to forget about using a command. Mount the remote filesystem with sshfs instead, so that you can write to it as if it was a local file.

mkdir ~/net/server
sshfs user@server ~/net/server
tar czf - stuff | (cd ~/net/server && split -b 5G -d)
fusermount -u ~/net/server

You might be interested in a proper backup software such as duplicity instead.


After Upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04: "Oh no! Something went wrong"

This will go a long way toward making that "Oh no something went wrong!" sign go away.  First, press Ctrl+Alt+F3 to trigger the CLI, and login.  Execute the command:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

to continue upgrading.  Your machine will install the missing resources, and finish upgrading, and then you just have to clean up and reboot:
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo reboot

Best of luck!


How to disable F10 opening indicator-datetime?

If you have gconf-editor, press Alt+F2 then type gconf... and Enter
While in gconf-editor, press Ctrl+F and type F10 then tick on both radio-buttons. This should give you nice list at the bottom screen, where F10 "might" be assigned and an option to change it.

I also think that this shortcut is spammed. In my case I have it at:

/desktop/gnome/interface/menubar_accel
/apps/compizconfig-1/profiles/Default/plugins/unityshell/screen0/options/panel_first_menu
/apps/compiz-1/plugins/unityshell/screen0/options/panel_first_menu

And of course can't close MC right now, using only keyboard ;)


How do I install torbrowser 4.0.3 in Ubuntu 14.10 using tar command?

As documented in official source after downloading the architecture-appropriate file, save it somewhere, then run one of the following two commands to extract the package archive:

Switch to directory that you download the tor-browser-linux[32-64]-4.0.3_LANG.tar.xz file there and run:

For the 32-bit version

tar -xvJf tor-browser-linux32-4.0.3_LANG.tar.xz

or (for the 64-bit version):

tar -xvJf tor-browser-linux64-4.0.3_LANG.tar.xz

(where LANG is the language listed in the filename (see also below list)).
Once that's done, switch to the Tor browser directory by running:

cd tor-browser_LANG

(where LANG is the language listed in the filename).
Finally to run Tor Browser, execute the start-tor-browser script:

./start-tor-browser

This will launch Tor Launcher and once that connects to Tor, it will launch Firefox. Do not unpack or run TBB(Tor-Browser-Bundle) as root.

All available value for LANG are in this syntax Language (LANG):

English (en-US)
العربية (ar)
Deutsch (de)
Español (es-ES)
فارسی (fa)
Français (fr)
Italiano (it)
Korean (ko)
Nederlands (nl)
Polish (pl)
Português (pt-PT)
Русский (ru)
Türkçe (tr)
Vietnamese (vi)
简体字 (zh-CN)

For an example if you downloaded 32-bit version with English language, your commands would be:

cd /path/to/where/tor-is-downloded
tar -xvJf tor-browser-linux32-4.0.3_en-US.tar.xz
cd tor-browser_en-US
./start-tor-browser

or if you downloaded 64-bit version:

cd /path/to/where/tor-is-downloded
tar -xvJf tor-browser-linux64-4.0.3_en-US.tar.xz
cd tor-browser_en-US
./start-tor-browser

For an easier usage, do this:

sudo ln -sf /path/to/where/tor-is-downloded/tor-browser_LANG/start-tor-browser /usr/bin/tor

To start Tor-browser, just open a Terminal, type tor and hit enter.

Optional, to remove Tor-Browser, do:

[sudo] rm -r /path/to/where/tor-is-downloded/tor-browser_en-US/ /usr/bin/tor ~/.tor-browser-en


Why do Windows and Linux see different files on a DVD ROM?

I'm not sure this is the correct answer, but maybe it'll provide you with details that will help you.

It could be because MS-Windows and Unix use different file systems on DVD - even on the same DVD. Files on an optical medium are usually arranged using a file system protocol specified in the ISO 9660 standard (also see notes at the end).

But the standard allows for extensions, and Microsoft has designed their own extension to the standard called "Joliet" that allows Microsoft Windows compatible operating systems to read different file names with more features (longer names and support Unicode) than the standard ISO 9660 file system allows.

For Unix-style operating systems (such as Linux), another extension called "Rock Ridge" was developed, to allow even longer file names, Unix-style permissions, and a few other things.

It is very common to have both Rock Ridge and Joliet extensions on the same optical medium, but it could be that the creator of that DVD used these extensions in a clever way to only have the MS-Windows related files show in the Joliet part of the system and only have the Linux specific files show in the Rock Ridge part of the system. The isoinfo program discussed in this stackexchange answer might provide more information.

Notes:

As mentioned in the discussion in the comments, while a lot of media are still authored in ISO 9660 and its extensions where the kinds of tricks discussed in the OP can happen, ISO 9660 is obsolete and modern media should be authored using UDF (ISO 13346) which is a Universal Disk Format and only allows a single view of the entire file system - so such tricks will probably not be possible on a UDF authored disk.


Top left window corner pixel without clickable function

The expected behavior is that the whole left edge should reveal the launcher bar. The top-left corner should not extend the close button by design.

However, bottom- and top-left corners don't do that right now, which is a known bug.


My trackpad doesn't turn on after I turn it off, before that it works

it is indeed a bug as discussed here:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-settings-daemon/+bug/546503

this is not a cure for the bug, but get your trackpad running again, run:

gconftool --type bool --set /desktop/gnome/peripherals/touchpad/touchpad_enabled true


Problem with timedatectl and network time synchronisation in 16.04

Not sure if this is a bug with 16.04. I had the same problem and simply installing ntp helped.

sudo apt install ntp

After a reboot timedatectl showed ntp sync enabled.


Intel Corporation Wireless-N 7260 card dies randomly

You need to disable the power management and possibly the 802.11n extension. These changes worked for me.

For the power management create a file in

sudo gedit /etc/pm/power.d/wireless

with the following content

#!/bin/sh
/sbin/iwconfig wlan0 power off

and make it executable:

sudo chmod +x /etc/pm/power.d/wireless

To disable the 11n extension, try the following

sudo su
echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf

You need to reboot after those changes. Running iwconfig should show:

wlan0     IEEE 802.11abg

and

Power Management:off

What definitely worked for me was to upgrade to one of the latest kernel from

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.17-rc4-utopic/


By default, the root account is accessed by sudo.

For a complete discussion in the topic, and information for how to set a root password, see: RootSudo - Community Ubuntu Documentation

With that said, it is extremely unlikely you need to set a root password, I advise you use

sudo -i

Or for graphical applications, use gksu

gksu nautilus


How can I create app folders through terminal in Ubuntu 20.04?

You should give it a name and put atleast one desktop file name followed by your first command..
An example:
[admin@ADMIN ~]$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.app-folders folder-children "['Games']"
[admin@ADMIN ~]$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.app-folders.folder:/org/gnome/desktop/app-folders/folders/Games/ name 'GAMES'
[admin@ADMIN ~]$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.app-folders.folder:/org/gnome/desktop/app-folders/folders/Games/ apps "['brave-browser.desktop', 'firefox.desktop']"
[admin@ADMIN ~]$

Once the above commands are ran, you must restart the gnome-shell or login back.. to see the changes..
Observe that the first one you gave Games is for Identification purpose and the actual one in the second command sets the name that shows in ShowApps/AllApps

Further Reading: https://askubuntu.com/a/1099604/739431


I have noticed if you click the third party software installed on the installation of ubuntu. Ubuntu will try to install Nvidia drivers. Nvidia drivers mess around with the GUI a bit. Thus causing it to not load. I recommend re-installing Ubuntu and install all of the drivers yourself.


How to mount multiple folders to same hard disk?

Use symbolic links.
ln -s /home/svn/dir /var/local/svn/dirwill make the files that are physically stored in /home/svn/dir accessible as if they were stored in /var/local/svn/dir. When the drive containing /home/svn is mounted, your files will be accessible, otherwise /var/local/svn/dir will appear empty.


Thanks to jkfloris from WineHQ for sharing, the problem is solved by running winetricks vcrun2015, the original post is here.


partitions showing different sizes on gparted and MS Disk Management

Simple Answer:

  What is Happening?

152.53 + 96.72 = 249.25 (Gparted is not recognising difference b/w Unallocated and other partitions)

  Why is it happening?

Dynamic Disc - Not supported

  What to do?

Convert to Basic (data will be lost!)

Detailed Answer:

It is easy to make out from your screen-shot that you are using Dynamic Type disk :

Ubuntu (I would say all Linux OS) and bootloader GRUB cannot recognize a Microsoft dynamic disk/volume/partition (SFS), and so they cannot boot from it.

  You might need this information:

Basic Disk uses a partition table to manage all partitions on the disk, and it is supported by all Linux OS, DOS and all Windows versions. A disk with installed OS would be default initialized to a basic one. A basic disk contains basic volumes, such as primary partitions, extended partition, and all logical partitions are contained in extended partition.

Dynamic Disk is supported in Windows 2000 and later operating system (only). Dynamic disks do not use a partition table to track all partitions, but use a hidden database (LDM) to track information about dynamic volumes or dynamic partitions on the disk (which Gparted is not understanding). With dynamic disks you can create volumes that span multiple disks such as spanned and striped volumes, and can also create fault-tolerant volumes such as mirrored volumes and RAID 5 volumes.

This is the reason why Gparted is acting weirdly

  What to do?

You need to convert your Dynamic Disk to Basic Disk.

First of all, BACK UP ALL YOUR DATA!

You can use any good tool for conversion. I will tell you with DISKPART

Boot into any Windows installation media and go to "Repair my computer"
In Advanced Options, go to Command Prompt
Enter the following commands one by one

diskpart

list disk

select disk 0  #(The number may be different in your system)

clean  #(Erases Everything (including windows))

convert basic

exit

Now you can easily install Both Windows and Ubuntu.

ELSE : If you don't want to completely clean your hard disk, You might consider to install Ubuntu on Virtualbox


Best video editor for joining & cutting .mpg

Avidemux and Open Shot. The later parallels Adobe Premiere in interface and features.


How does fdisk tell me which port a usb stick is mounted to?

Let's go through this part by part.

Device     Boot    Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *        2048 73963519 73961472 35.3G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       73965566 78139391  4173826    2G  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       73965568 78139391  4173824    2G 82 Linux swap / Solaris

In this output we see that you have a block device (be it a hard-drive or ssd) represented by /dev/sda device file, with 3 partitions. Since we see here that you have Linux partition ( likely ext4 filesystem) and swap partition, it is safe to assume this is where your Ubuntu resides.

Disk /dev/sdb: 7.5 GiB, 8053063680 bytes, 15728640 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

There we see a block device represented by /dev/sdb file. Since it is 7.5 GiB ( note, this is different from GB  ) and dos filesystem, it's safe to assume this is your USB drive.

NOTE: /dev/sdb doesn't mean you have connected your USB drive to particular USB port. This only gives a representation to your device. You need to use lsusb to find out which particular USB port  is used.

The fact that output doesn't show /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdb2 likely suggests that after formatting the disk, the partitions were removed from the drive. My first guess would be that your USB disk became unmounted but quick test with my own USB suggests otherwise.

As for the dd command, typically it should be expected that partitions should be created and what you mentioned about /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdb2 suggests to me your USB was formatted appropriately; also, it is typical to specify block size when writing iso, so you should specify block size via bs=4M to write the iso image in blocks of 4096 MiB:

sudo dd bs=4M if="~/Desktop/linuxmint-18.1-cinnamon-32bit.iso" of=/dev/sdb

NOTE: fdisk for the most part is considered (! note that it's considered, although still can be used) deprecated. Recommended alternative on most modern OS with GNU utilities is sudo parted -l

$ sudo parted -l
[sudo] password for xieerqi:
Model: ATA Radeon R7 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 120GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End    Size   Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  120GB  120GB  primary  ext4         boot


One bad file in that check means either that the download was bad (probably this is the reason) or that the pendrive is bad (possible but not likely). I have used Win32DiskImager, and considering the way it works, I think it is very reliable.

So I suggest that you check the md5sum versus the value at UbuntuHashes, and download the iso file again, and check the md5sum once more. If you can use the torrent method, chances are better to succeed, because the checksum is tested during the torrent process.

See the following link for more details: Win32DiskImager/iso2usb for several steps in the process including how to check the md5sum in Windows.

-o-

Edit:

It is also possible that the iso file itself is bad. Anyway, you should not use the version 16.04 LTS now. You should use the version 16.04.1 LTS, the first point release, which is debugged and polished and much improved.


Deleting 5 minute old files every minute?

In my experience, cron doesn't like raw commands in their files. Make a simple bash script that looks like:

#!/bin/bash
tmpreaper 5m /my_image/dir

Save the script somewhere solid, make it executable, and change your cron to bash /path/to/script.

I've had issues with permissions with cron as well. Make sure it is being run by the correct user you are expecting it to.


how can I add options to the right-click drop down menu in gnome?

As far as I know the dropdown menus are program-specific, so to add a system-wide dropdown menu item you would need to adjust nearly every single program's menu accordingly, and there may very well be programs where the menu is hard-coded and not easily modifiable.

I suggest you define a global keyboard shortcut instead, there are several question on this topic here, e.g. GNOME 3 Shell keyboard/mouse shortcuts for GNOME Shell. To capture the currently selected text I recommend xclip, the command is:

xclip -o >>~/notes/notepad.txt

Note that this does not append the content of the clipboard buffer (which is filled e.g. with Ctrl+C) to the file, but the content of the primary buffer instead, which always contains the text you mark(ed). More about this important difference can be found on Unix.SE: What's the difference between Primary Selection and Clipboard Buffer?,
 wiki.archlinux.org and in this excellent article.
If you want to append the content of the clipboard buffer, use:

xclip -se c -o >>~/notes/notepad.txt

Explanations

-se c – short for -selection clipboard, uses the clipboard buffer instead of the (default) primary one
-o – output from the selected buffer instead of writing to it (default)
>>~/notes/notepad.txt – redirect the output to the file ~/notes/notepad.txt appending to its content

See man xclip for more information.


virtualbox in Ubuntu host no internet connection

After trying this and that, I fixed the problem as follows.

sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

I commented out auto lo and added auto eth0. After that I did

sudo service network-manager restart

Now networking works in all VirtualBox guest OSes.

I don't know how this works, but in my Kubuntu 12.04 the network interfaces was set to eth0, so, I thought of giving it a try, and it works.

Edit:

As per jdthood suggestion, I had to put back the lo for network manager to work properly. After few days when I restart my computer, it started saying Could not detect network and I uncommented out lo, so, now I have both

  auth lo
  auth eth0

and everything is working fine.


can't install or remove anything because of cups dependency

In a terminal, run the following:

sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
dpkg-reconfigure locales

That will reconfigure your language settings, which seem to be the problem.


Finally realized that I could use sudo mokutil --enable-validation which allowed me to log in after the reboot! Still have this pesky VirtualBox problem.


Uninstall Ubuntu from dual boot with Windows in different drives

set your ssd as the first boot option in the bios/uefi
if it doesent automatically boot to windows use the windows repair usb stick to restore the windows boot loader. if you have an mbr installation:

bootrec /FixMbr
bootrec /FixBoot
bootrec /ScanOs
bootrec /RebuildBcd

for uefi use this guide
if you are not sure try mbr first and if it fails try uefi method.

delete tour linux partition using windows disk management(right click on your start menu and select disk management)
(4.) OPTIONAL for efi installation only mount the efi partition as mentioned here and delete the ubuntu folder.


First, up front, I don't know what the presumed attacker is trying to accomplish. Maybe there's a PHP script or PHP version out there vulnerable to some strange session ID attack, I dunno. You probably have nothing to worry about, though.

Your server behaved exactly as expected. 200 is the expected code in that particular situation because of how Apache interprets the URL being passed to it.

First, http://allrequestsallowed.com is treated like the more usual 'Host:' header (note that I don't think this is specified in the RFC and other servers may not interpret it this way I was wrong, this is specified in RFC 2616 in section 5.1.2, even though clients rarely seem to use that form. Excuse me, I need to go fix an HTTP server implementation I wrote a while back...).

Now, presumably you don't have a site named 'allrequestsallowed.com'. So what happens when Apache gets a Host: header (or equivalent) for a hostname it doesn't recognize? It picks the first virtual host as the default. This is well-defined and documented behavior for Apache. So whatever your first virtual host is (or just the main server configuration if there aren't any vhosts) takes over, no matter what it's named.

Now, the rest of the URL given consists of two parts -- the path, /, and a GET parameter (the ?PHPSESSID... bit).

Now, the path / should be present on pretty much every web server out there. In most cases, it maps to something like index.html or perhaps an index.php script, though you can override any of this of course.

If it maps to a static HTML file, absolutely nothing unusual happens -- the contents of the file are returned, and that's that, the parameter is simply ignored. (Assuming you don't have certain advanced configuration directives set, and you almost certainly don't.)

On the other hand, if it's a script of some sort, that PHPSESSID variable will get passed to the script. If the script actually uses that variable (in this particular case, only PHP scripts using PHP's built-in session handling are likely to), its behavior will depend on the contents.

In all likelihood, however, even if your / happens to map to a PHP script using sessions, nothing remarkable will happen. The session ID probably won't exist anyway, and will either be ignored, or the script will show an error.

In the unlikely case that the session ID does exist, well, the attacker could conceivably hijack someone else's session. That would be bad, but it's not really a security hole in itself -- the hole would be wherever the attacker got the session ID information from (sniffing a wireless network is a good candidate if you're not using HTTPS). They wouldn't actually be able to do anything that the user whose session it originally was couldn't do.

Edit: Additionally, the '%5C' inside the SESSIONID maps to a backslash character. This seems to be a test for directory traversal attacks on windows hosts.


TL;DR The standard way to quit htop is F10 or q.

Therefore if you can't use F10,  use q (lowercase).