How to interpret output of "free -m" command?

You have 112 MB of completely free memory, BUT the 501 mb you see is without 'cached' memory. This means that the OS has put some stuff in your memory to be quicker. It calls this "used" (therefore your 'free' number is only 112), but it is actually available for you if you need it.

This is a good thing, because unused memory is useless memory. The cached memory can be cleared if needed. The old "I need to clean up memory" stuff people used to do for windows 95 isn't needed here: it's all fine and happy :)

The number you are looking for is 501 free (in megabytes because of -m).

see for reference these pages:

http://www.linuxatemyram.com/
http://www.itworld.com/it-managementstrategy/280695/making-sense-memory-usage-linux


File list command line (hidden and subfolders)

With bash

Assuming the disk in question is mounted under /media/disk1:

$ shopt -s globstar dotglob
$ stat -c '"%n",%s,%y' /media/disk1/**/* >disk1.csv

shopt -s globstar dotglob turns on recursive globbing feature of bash (enables use of '**', see https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/49913/recursive-glob). It also turns on matching of files starting with a ., als known as hidden files.

stat is the program used to get file meta data. Basically this program will be run for each file on the disk.

-c '"%n",%s,%y' specifies the output format for the stat command. %n is the file name, enclosed in double quotes, %s is the file size, %y is the last modification time. (see stat --help)

/media/disk1/**/* tells bash to hand all the file names recursively found under that path to the pogram (stat), for both, normal and hidden files, since dotglob is enabled.

>disk1.csv redirects output into a file named disk1.csv.

The output in disk1.csv will look like this for my home for instance:

$ stat -c '"%n",%s,%y' /home/seb/**/*
"/home/seb/111",82,2018-03-26 18:38:04.048099912 +0200
"/home/seb/app",4096,2017-07-13 23:39:06.509862769 +0200
"/home/seb/Applications",4096,2018-03-14 20:20:48.552005660 +0100
"/home/seb/Applications/arduino-1.8.2",4096,2017-05-29 20:45:01.184017517 +0200
"/home/seb/Applications/arduino-1.8.2/arduino",946,2017-03-22 13:32:41.000000000 +0100
[...]

I tested to import the resulting csv into libreoffice calc and it worked nicely, also with funny file names with line breaks in them. It will probably choke on file names with double quotes in them.

ARG_MAX

The above command will fail if the total number of files is too high or the total number of characters in all file names is too high. For small drives (USB thumb drives etc.) it should be enough, but if you are indexing a big disk with millions of files you would probably hit that limit.

You can run the following instead, it will produce the same output (and eat less memory):

find /media/disk1 -type f -print0 | xargs -0 stat -c '"%n",%s,%y' >disk1.csv

For the "find .. -print0 | xargs -0 .." pattern you will find many answers here already, e. g. Difference between "xargs" and command substitution?


Reset gnome to its fresh post-install ubuntu 17.10 state

Found my own answer. Turned out in my frenzy of trying random things, I had installed too many packages.

I removed the following packages:

sudo apt-remove gnome-shell-extensions gnome-themes-standard-data gnome-themes-standard

and after a reboot everything was back to normal.


Line gets overwritten instead of continuing on same line

Characters that doesn't move the cursor has to be enclosed between \[ and \] in PS1, otherwise bash thinks the prompt is longer than it actually is. And due to the way this variable is used, you can't have a function emmiting colored text as you can't escape it properly.

See http://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/053 for more explanation.


Some Fn Keys not working after BIOS upgrade (ASUS X401U)

One could comment on why Asus changes this behaviour in the firmware and suggesting to go back to 204. Well not quite:

  BIOS 303

  Fix bug that system can't enter into sleep state on UBUNTU OS

Also:

  BIOS 309

  Compatible with WinXP, Win7 and Win8

I guess that was meant to say "Added support for Windows 8".

I remember using the kernel parameter acpi_osi="!Windows 2012" as a workaround for some time on my Lenovo T530. But as the Arch Wiki suggests this may also cause other problems, but you should try it out.

You can temporarily add acpi_osi="!Windows 2012" to the end of the linux line in GRUB by selecting the entry at boot, editig it with e and booting with F10.

If that worked you can make the changes permanent by editing GRUB defaults in terminal (Ctrl+Alt+t, then sudo nano /etc/default/grub) and add the string to a line that looks similar to this: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" (save with Ctrl+o and close with Ctrl+x). Then run sudo update-grub.

You should report this as a bug to Launchpad anyway (leave developers to decide if this is fixable or not).


How to fix sudo: setreuid(ROOT_UID, user_uid): Operation not permitted error?

This is a known bug that was introduced when Debian (and therefore Ubuntu) switched from using OpenSSL to GnuTLS with OpenLDAP because of the licensing difficulties with OpenSSL.  The problem is with the way libgcrypt (the current crypto backend for GnuTLS) initializes.  The problem has been around since Ubuntu 9.10 and hasn't really been addressed because upstream GnuTLS is switching from libgcrypt (which evidently has other problems as well) to libnettle. Until this change makes it downstream, there are three possible work arounds, all of which are enumerated in the bug report above.

Compile libgnutls26 from source to use libnettle instead of libgcrypt
Compile libldap from source to use openssl instead of gnutls26
Use libnss-ldapd instead of libnss-ldap. This has several variations.  First use libpam-ldap which pulls in libnns-ldap as a dependency which makes configuration complicated. And second, use libpam-ldapd which is not complete.  It especially lacks all the pam_* configurations which allow limiting subsets of users. In order to overcome this deficiency you could use the nssov overlay with slapd, but this is not included in slapd with Ubuntu (So you would need to compile from source). libpam-ldapd uses the nslcd daemon to handle the ldap lookups; it therefore uses /etc/nslcd.conf
instead of /etc/ldap for configuration.  Of particular note, you could use the pam_authz_search to restrict authorization. See man nslcd.conf for details. There is also a pretty good howto here, and here if you need to configure startTLS.

UPDATE: As of 5/29/2012 a bug fix was available in the proposed repository for Lucid, Natty, and Oneiric. This fixed the issues with LDAP logins; however, as of 9/6/2012 this new patch has been shown to break other packages1, and has been removed. Also, as documented in this bug, the workaround using nscd, no longer works at all. This is an unfortunate regression, and worse, the problem isn't really fixed in Precise and Quantal. Ultimately, the only real fix is to ditch libgcrypt11 in favor libnettle4. The newer libgnutls28 in Precise and Quantal already do this, but libldap still uses libgnutls26.

The instructions to compile libgnutls26 from source are explained in comments 22, 23, and 24 in this bug report. But the instructions seem to only work for Precise.


It also happened to me on a Ryzen 4700u. I discovered that with stock kernel embedded graphics don't work. You need at least a 5.8 kernel. But in order to get headsets sound working you will also need to install a 5.9 kernel. To solve that I installed mainline application and I selected the latest 5.9 kernel.


Download image from URL with wget and change the file name automatically

How about:

wget --output-document=images_icons_linux-bsd.gif https://www.electrictoolbox.com/images/icons/linux-bsd.gif

...all in one line.


How to configure desktop and toolbar menu to be the same to all users

In Linux the /etc/skel directory contains all the files that a new user will get copied into their home directory when first created. You can copy all of your settings into that directory using:

sudo cp -r /home/someuser/.confg /etc/skel
sudo cp -r /home/someuser/.local /etc/skel
sudo cp -r /home/someuser/.gconf /etc/skel

This worked in my testing in a VM. Copying other directories might help you "sync" settings between other apps and programs but I did run into some errors where trying to do that with certain files (like .gnupg) caused adduser to fail when adding new users.


At my local machine it's installed here:

/usr/share/php/PHP/CodeSniffer/Standards/PHPCompatibility/

(Get it from here. )

After that I can call it with:

phpcs --standard=PHPCompatibility my_project/


How can I limit mouse pointer movement to only horizontal or only vertical?

Workaround:

get your screen resolution first and change the values in the script.

Sample Content for Vertical Movement, Change the value 768 with your screen vertical resolution.

borderxl=$XPOS
borderyu=0

borderxr=$XPOS
borderyd=768

Sample Content for Horizontal Movement, Change the value 1366 with your screen Horizontal resolution.

borderxl=0
borderyu=$YPOS

borderxr=1366
borderyd=$YPOS

Original Script is from this Post & the Credit also goes to this Post Keep Mouse Within Circle

Modified Script:

#!/bin/bash

POS=$(xdotool getmouselocation | sed 's/:/ /g')
XPOS=$(echo $POS | cut -d' ' -f2)
YPOS=$(echo $POS | cut -d' ' -f4)

borderxl=0
borderyu=$YPOS

borderxr=1366
borderyd=$YPOS

check=0

if [ $borderxl -gt $borderxr ]
then
        check=1
fi

if [ $borderyu -gt $borderyd ]
then
        check=1
fi
if [ $check -ge "1" ]
then
        echo "Make sure the first coordinate pair refers to the upper left corner"
        echo "and the second pair refers to the lower right one."
fi

if [ $check -lt "1" ]
then
        while [ true ]
        do
                check=0
                xpos=`xdotool getmouselocation | awk '{ print $1}'`
                xpos=${xpos:2}
                #xpos=`getcurpos | awk '{ print $1}'`
                ypos=`xdotool getmouselocation | awk '{ print $2}'`
                ypos=${ypos:2}
                #ypos=`getcurpos | awk '{ print $2}'`

                if [ $xpos -gt $borderxr ]
                then
                        check=1
                        xpos=$borderxr
                fi

                if [ $ypos -gt $borderyd ]
                then
                        check=1
                        ypos=$borderyd
                fi

                if [ $xpos -lt $borderxl ]
                then
                        check=1
                        xpos=$borderxl
                fi

                if [ $ypos -lt $borderyu ]
                then
                        check=1
                        ypos=$borderyu
                fi

                if [ $check -ge "1" ]
                then
                        xdotool mousemove $xpos $ypos
                fi
        done
fi

Problemes with the script.

Creating shortcut keys for these two scripts, I could not find a way to kill the process, force logging out is the only way. Initially I have created shortcut keys Alt+x and Alt+y both works perfectly.. but killing the process, I could not achieve.


shortcuts to put a window at a particular location on screen?

Without going into too many details, you want xdotool , which is installable via sudo apt-get install getactivewindow.

Basic command that you'd want to run is something like this:

xdotool getactivewindow  windowmove X Y  windowsize Width Height

So actual command to move your active window would be something like this:

xdotool getactivewindow  windowmove 0 0  windowsize 250 250

You can bind this to keyboard shortcut for convenience , too


Convert PDF to Word Using Libreoffice in terminal

Did you try with soffice?
soffice --infilter="writer_pdf_import" --convert-to docx sample.pdf


Can I install nasm and run .asm codes on Windows Subsystem Linux(WSL) for Ubuntu terminal on windows?

You skipped a syscall in your code!

The syscall in the last line is used to exit the program. However, to display the string, you have to make another syscall after you fill the rax, rdi, rsi, and rdx registers.

The correct code is given below:

section .data

msg db "Hello World", 10
msglen equ $-msg

section .text
global _start
_start:

mov rax,1
mov rdi,1
mov rsi,msg
mov rdx,msglen
syscall

mov rax,60
mov rdx,0
syscall

I have also added a "new line" (ASCII decimal code 10) to the end of your string, so that a new line is displayed after Hello World string.


sleep doesn't work on Ubuntu 20.04 (WSL)

wget https://launchpad.net/~rafaeldtinoco/+archive/ubuntu/lp1871129/+files/libc6_2.31-0ubuntu8+lp1871129~1_amd64.deb

sudo dpkg --install libc6_2.31-0ubuntu8+lp1871129~1_amd64.deb

sudo apt-mark hold libc6

sudo apt --fix-broken install

sudo apt full-upgrade

How to upgrade Ubuntu 18.04 to 20.04 on WSL Windows 10


try lsusb instead; ifconfig can only list interfaces, which have a driver. modprobe inserts the module into the current kernel... these commands need to be executed from within that directory: MediaTek RT5370 ... download & extract the archive, cd into the resulting directory ...then the instructions of the link provided should work.  modinfo shows the kernel modules.
just a few years later ...


Type

sudo -i

To your terminál. It creates new root Shell.


Type the following in terminal to remove libreoffice:

sudo apt-get remove --purge libreoffice*
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove


"No such file or directory error" with libcrypto.so.1.0.0 in spite of installing libssl

White is a 32bit binary that depends on a number of i386 libs. You'll need to install all of them. Running ldd /path/to/White will show which ones are missing.

In your case you're likely only missing 1 (maybe you have wine installed which will install quite a number of i386 packages.

So run this & try again,

sudo apt install libssl1.0.0:i386


Upstart is the system for managing services in Ubuntu. I don't know the specifics for spawn-fcgi. For quick start on getting something running, read my other answer. Dig into subject by reading Upstart cookbook, which is the absolute authority in Upstart documentation.


Juste use the apt-get to install the driver: sudo apt-get install pcscd libccid


Disk full, but no big file on Ubuntu sever

From your df output, it looks like the /media directory is part of your root filesystem. Only /media/MT subdirectory is on another filesystem (/dev/sdb1), not the whole /media. /media/MT subdirectory takes 13G according to your df output, and the whole /media directory 75G according to your du output. So there must be 75-13=62G in /media directory outside of your sdb1 disk (outside of /media/MT subdirectory), ie. on the root filesystem. It's strange why df is reporting only 55G used on the root filesystem, but it is possible that du and df are counting differently. Anyway, try to move everything that's in your /media directory, but not in /media/MT subdirectory to that subdirectory. That should free up space on the root filesystem.


some commands have been added in Empathy 2.29.2, such as /say /nick /join /j /msg /query and /help


How do I enter the BIOS/UEFI from Ubuntu?

You can't enter the BIOS/UEFI directly from Ubuntu the way you can do sometimes from Windows. Instead the BIOS/UEFI is accessed by pressing the appropriate key at boot time. A table of BIOS/UEFI access keys for different motherboard manufacturers is in this answer.

singrium's comment below the question may work if you can't access the BIOS any other way. This resets all the BIOS settings back to their default values, so you should make a list of all your current BIOS settings before resetting them all back to the defaults in order to be able to easily restore them back later.


smartgit ubuntu 13.04 64bits crash startup

I had the same problem with Eclipse and I found this:

  For a workaround add the following to the end of your eclipse.ini
  -Dorg.eclipse.swt.browser.DefaultType=mozilla

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-gnome/+bug/1163501/comments/35

Maybe you can try something similar on smartgit...


How to add Ubuntu App Showdown participation file to a submitted app?

You should upload the participation file itself, instead of a tarball or package for your app.  If you've already uploaded something else, just copy/paste the contents of the participation file into the Feedback section of MyApps.


The connect-debounce is your USB ports disabled.

Do yourself a favor, install everything on the ssd, then follow this guide to migrate it to the other drive:
Moving /home to Another Partition

Hope I helped!


Error with running VcXsrv (xfce4) on Ubuntu 20.04 through WSL 2

Solution:
The issue is that the networking on WSL2 is more complex than on WSL, so if using WSL2, instead of typing export DISPLAY=:0.0 at the end of ~/.bashrc, type
export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0
export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1

Credit: cppdvl on github


OK, so after ./build_kernel.sh, there is this output at the end:

-----------------------------
'arch/arm/boot/zImage' -> '/home/administrator/bb-kernel/deploy/4.9.73-bone-rt-r9.zImage'
'.config' -> '/home/administrator/bb-kernel/deploy/config-4.9.73-bone-rt-r9'
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8.4M Jan  1 00:06 /home/administrator/bb-kernel/deploy/4.9.73-bone-rt-r9.zImage
-----------------------------
Building modules archive...
Compressing 4.9.73-bone-rt-r9-modules.tar.gz...
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20M Jan  1 00:06 /home/administrator/bb-kernel/deploy/4.9.73-bone-rt-r9-modules.tar.gz
-----------------------------
Building firmware archive...
Compressing 4.9.73-bone-rt-r9-firmware.tar.gz...
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2M Jan  1 00:06 /home/administrator/bb-kernel/deploy/4.9.73-bone-rt-r9-firmware.tar.gz
-----------------------------
Building dtbs archive...
Compressing 4.9.73-bone-rt-r9-dtbs.tar.gz...
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 487K Jan  1 00:06 /home/administrator/bb-kernel/deploy/4.9.73-bone-rt-r9-dtbs.tar.gz
-----------------------------
Script Complete
eewiki.net: [user@localhost:~$ export kernel_version=4.9.73-bone-rt-r9]
-----------------------------

So export kernel_version=4.9.73-bone-rt-r9 is right.


How to save the output of picocom to a file

Using tee:

picocom /dev/ttyUSB1 -b 115200 -l | tee my.log


You already have a 5.0.0 environment, and dotnet even detects it, as shown in your output:
  - The following frameworks were found:
      5.0.0-rc.2.20475.5 at [/snap/dotnet-sdk/103/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App]

Your problem isn't that you don't have a 5.0.0 environment, it's that the project you're working with wants an older version, 3.1.0 specifically.
So the problem isn't that you don't have 5.0.0 installed but that your project just doesn't work with 5.0.0


connection lost Netgear A6200 Usb adapter on 14.04

Try plugging in a Ethernet cord in to you computer and plug it in to your router then go to settings when you have wired connection. If you don't know what that looks like then where wifi is it should display two arrows pointing at each other. After you hook up ethernet then go into setting and go to software and updates then go to aditinal drivers should be the second to last tab or the last tab then wait until it shows you that there are drivers available and look for your wifi driver and download it and you should have wifi.

Good luck


Can not update Intellij because of error permission denied?

Had the same issue with Idea IntelliJ 2016.2

You should set the user and group of your idea folder to yourself. (or a group that you share with other users, if you need)

In my case, it was because some files in idea were assigned to root:root, and I didn't see the point.

So I ran:
sudo chown -R jcharlet:jcharlet /opt/idea-IC-162.1121.32


Bash files open in vim instead of running in terminal

Move your mouse cursor to the top of your screen and click on the Edit tab. Then select Preferences.

Then select the Behaviour-tab. Mark on Ask each time.

Then you will get a dialog box to execute as you want like below image.


Realtek ethernet driver issue, network unclaimed, ubuntu 18.04

You don't need r8168-dkms with new kernels.

Remove it by sudo apt purge r8168-dkms and the adapter will be managed by the kernel in-tree module.


How to convert or import or integrate pst, dbx and mbox to a mail server?

As Dovecot supports the mbox format, you can use doveadm import to copy mails from this mailstore. The example from the linked manual page is rather comprehensive:

doveadm import -u jane.doe@example.org \
mdbox:/backup/20101026/jane.doe/mdbox backup-20101026 all

Dovecot does not support the mailstores of Outlook and Outlook Express. Before considering complicated and error-prone conversion methods to mbox or maildir archives, I'd recommend importing them in a running version of the respective software, and simply copying the mails back to the server via IMAP. This might even be the easier solution for the Thunderbird archives.


WordPress is PHP, you don't compile it, you just untar it and run, see the instructions:

https://codex.wordpress.org/Installing_WordPress

You are ready for Step #2 on that page.


After unpacking the *.debian.tar.gz file, you can use the dch commands to create new changelog entries. For example, dch -i would (probably) bump up the version to 1.67-1~precise~ppa2. You can instead use dch -v "1.68-1~precise~ppa1" to specify the new version.

Note that dch can also take in another argument that represents the message for that changelog entry. For example, dch -v "1.68-1~precise~ppa1" "New upstream release.". You can append to an existing changelog entry by doing dch -a "Another message.".

Note that all of the above commands leave the distribution as UNRELEASED, signifying that it's not ready to be released. You can have dch mark it as released by running dch -r --distribution precise "" (empty message at the end).

To set your name/email combination, you can define the appropriate environment variables in ~/.bashrc:

export DEBEMAIL="address@someemail.dom"
export DEBFULLNAME="Name Surname"

See also:

How do I set environment variables?


Use xinput in a terminal window to find the stylus device; e.g.,
    $ xinput
⎡ Virtual core pointer                          id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad                id=14   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ ELAN Touchscreen Pen                      id=9    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ ELAN Touchscreen                          id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]

You can then use xinput test-xi2 <device> to display raw input for that device (or skip the device to display all events); e.g.,
$ xinput test-xi2 9
ELAN Touchscreen Pen                            id=9    [slave  pointer  (2)]
        Reporting 4 classes:
                Class originated from: 9. Type: XIButtonClass
                Buttons supported: 7
                Button labels: "Button Unknown" "Button Unknown" "Button Unknown" "Button Wheel Up" "Button Wheel Down" "Button Horiz Wheel Left" "Button Horiz Wheel Right"
                Button state:
                Class originated from: 9. Type: XIValuatorClass
                Detail for Valuator 0:
                Label: Abs X
                Range: 0.000000 - 32256.000000
                Resolution: 110000 units/m
                Mode: absolute
                Current value: 1280.000000
                Class originated from: 9. Type: XIValuatorClass
                Detail for Valuator 1:
                Label: Abs Y
                Range: 0.000000 - 17920.000000
                Resolution: 108000 units/m
                Mode: absolute
                Current value: 720.000000
                Class originated from: 9. Type: XIValuatorClass
                Detail for Valuator 2:
                Label: Abs Pressure
                Range: 0.000000 - 255.000000
                Resolution: 0 units/m
                Mode: absolute
                Current value: 0.000000

You can exit the event display with Ctrl+C.


Does all programs in Ubuntu are portable?

If an application is portable or not depends on the way it was packed or distributed. Normally, you can install different version of applications via apt-get (ubuntu repos) and they'll co-exists, if they can't, you will be notified when installing the second one that you must remove the first in order to install the second. Packets installed via apt-get normally store their binaries in /usr/bin and their configuration files on hidden folders (folders starting with a dot) on your home directory, you can see them by pressing ctrl-h in the file manager while in your home dir.

If we go to the specific case of eclipse, you can do it as you do in windows, you can always download eclipse from their site (NOT from ubuntu repos) and keep it in a folder and it will store all of its config and data inside that folder.

check out the download page of eclipse (for linux)

http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/

It will download a compressed folder which you decompress and can directly execute the binary file inside the folder.


Typing localhost is redirecting to another host in ubuntu

I have found that some browsers consider the input as a search string if they don't recognise the domain name format. This is especially common (in my experience) with local network names in Chrome.

I find that simply sticking a / on the end of the address helps the browser decide what to do.


Which keyboard layout do I choose on installation

You should either test your selection in the little text box, or use the "Detect" option. It works extremely well.

Note that you can always change your keyboard layout after the installation (Preferences → Keyboard → Layout). If you do, you get this rather helpful dialogue:

(of course, resizable) :)


press ctrl + Alt + F5 . login in . run sudo apt-get update and then sudo dpkg --configure -a .


"Hash Sum mismatch" on google-talkplugin

I also got this error and found a workaround. just manualy download and install the .deb package from this link and the error is gone.

http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/package/google_talk_plugin/stable/main/base/google-talkplugin


You didn't install the kernel source code, only kernel headers (usually ending in .h), which declare kernel interfaces exposed to user space.
You can get the kernel source code files (including those ending in .c) by installing linux-source  with
apt-get source linux-image-$(uname -r)

or by downloading the code repository (either through Git or with a click on the “snapshot“ link behind the newest revision in the shortlog). If you choose to install the linux-source package, the source code files will reside below /usr/src. If you download them manually, they'll be wherever you chose to clone/extract them.
For more information on how to compile your own kernel on Ubuntu refer too the Ubuntu Wiki. To make it very short, it basically comes down to

fakeroot debian/rules binary-headers binary-generic

though I prefer the more versatile
make-kpkg --rootcmd fakeroot --initrd --jobs $(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN) kernel-image kernel-headers

Edit: The stroked out text passages work as intended but aren't as useful if you aim to modify the kernel source and build your own kernel.


How can I install python-opencv package in Ubuntu 20.04?

You should remember that Ubuntu 20.04 uses python3 by default, because python 2 is considered deprecated.
That's why you should install this package using
sudo apt-get install python3-opencv

But if you really want to use python2 version of this library you can download it using this command
python2 -m pip install opencv-python


Ubuntu is creating empty folders in Home directory

Despite this will not solve your problem, may help you to find the root of it.

Use ls -l ~ | grep Templates to find the datetimem of the folder creation
Check the logs with sudo grep -e "xdg" -R /var/log | grep -e "DATE OF CREATION" --color for finding what was doing your system when the folder was created.

With this information, you may fix the problem or open a bug report on the application that is creating those empty default foders


HDMI monitor not detected by laptop after unplugging and plugging back in

The closest I could find to your problem is this thread (ubuntuforums.org - Nvidia GTX 950 and TV not seeing signal after input change or power off/on) which references solutions for nVidia 970/980. It would seem your 960 is in between.

The solution proposed there is to reset the monitor to a bad mode and then a good mode using this code:

#!/bin/sh
#Fix TV state when HDMI link is lost.
#By Mario Limonciello <email address hidden>
sleep 10
OUTPUT="HDMI-0"
BAD_MODE="1280x720"
GOOD_MODE="1920x1080"

for MODE in $BAD_MODE $GOOD_MODE; do
DISPLAY=:0 xrandr --output $OUTPUT --mode $MODE
sleep 2
done

I think this script can be improved but wanted to post it in it's original incarnation.

One of the authors in the link wanted to setup udev to automatically call the script on hot-plug event. I've done this for HDMI with this code (hotplugtv) in the past to fix Ubuntu 16.04 pulseaudio 8 bug:

#!/bin/bash

if [[ $(cat /sys/class/drm/card*-HDMI-A-1/status | grep -Ec "^connected") -eq 1 ]]; then
        /bin/sleep 2;
        export PULSE_RUNTIME_PATH="/run/user/1000/pulse/";
        sudo -u rick -E pacmd set-card-profile 0 output:hdmi-stereo;
else
        export PULSE_RUNTIME_PATH="/run/user/1000/pulse/";
        sudo -u rick -E pacmd set-card-profile 0 output:analog-stereo;
fi

exit 0

You will need to modify the if test with your /sys/class/drm/... directory. Then modify the true side of the if test with your script file that resets hdmi screen. On the false side of the if test simply replace the code with a : (noop) if there is nothing to do when the hdmi device is unplugged.

In order to call this scrip from udev during hot-plug events create the file /etc/udev/rules.d/99-hotplugtv.rules containing:

ACTION=="change", SUBSYSTEM=="drm", ENV{HOTPLUG}=="1", RUN+="/path/to/hotplugtv"

Change /path/to/ to the path where you placed hotplugtv script.


Ubuntu 16.04 Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro Touchpad 3/4 finger swipe

I'm a bit late to the party, and I don't have a Lenovo Yoga, but touchegg works for me on 16.04!

Touchegg needs to be started within xprofile with ubuntu 16.04:

echo "touchegg &" >> ~/.xprofile

Then you can update the touchegg config file to swipe between desktops with 3 fingers.

Here is the relavant part of my file ~/.config/touchegg/touchegg.conf:

<gesture type="DRAG" fingers="3" direction="DOWN">
    <action type="SEND_KEYS">Control+Alt+Up</action>
</gesture>

<gesture type="DRAG" fingers="3" direction="UP">
    <action type="SEND_KEYS">Control+Alt+Down</action>
</gesture>

<gesture type="DRAG" fingers="3" direction="RIGHT">
    <action type="SEND_KEYS">Control+Alt+Left</action>
</gesture>

<gesture type="DRAG" fingers="3" direction="LEFT">
    <action type="SEND_KEYS">Control+Alt+Right</action>
</gesture>

Hope this help !

Source for the xprofile: arch wiki


Troubles with "Connect to Server" option

I think this should work:

ssh://abcd:1234/home/myfolder

You will be asked for a username and a password.


Basically you are specifying the location from which the pip package manager to extract the package information from.
E.g.:

# Get the Source code
git clone https://github.com/wkentaro/pytorch-fcn.git

# Change into the cloned git repository:pytorch-fcn
cd pytorch-fcn

# Install the package definitions from current location i.e. pytorch-fcn.
pip install .

Here is a brief description:
pip executes the setup.py which loads the requirements.txt which has textual representation of the dependency packages.

References:

Available here is the official documentation of pip.
For better python development workflow refer here for why you should use pip and virtualenv.


From Ubuntu, Change Default Boot OS -Dual Boot

Open a terminal by pressing CTRL+ALT+T and type the following:

grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg

You will get an output similar to this :

 user@YourComputer:~$ grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-31-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-31-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-30-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-30-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" {
    menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" {
    menuentry "Windows NT/2000/XP (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" {
    menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-34-generic (on /dev/sdb1)" {
    menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-34-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/sdb1)" {
    menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic (on /dev/sdb1)" {
    menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/sdb1)" {
    menuentry 'Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-A4AE5922AE58EE74' {

Now look for something like the last line:

menuentry 'Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-A4AE5922AE58EE74' {
    menuentry "Memory Tester (memtest86+)" --class memtest86 --class gnu --class tool {

From that we only need the Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1) part.

Next we need to edit /etc/default/grub and change the following two lines for what we need to achieve:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Change the value of GRUB_DEFAULT to the name of the Windows system you want to always boot.

`GRUB_DEFAULT="Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)"`

Then update grub,

sudo update-grub


Based on subsequent comment, you wish to preserve your Ubuntu 17.10 install and create a new 18.04 install in the other partition.  You can repartition that drive without losing the original installation.

It requires rebooting with a LiveUSB, and then running gparted to shrink the current partition, leaving space at its end to create a new partition. Save the changes, shut down, remove the Live USB, and power back up; you will then have two partitions. The first partition, sda1, will be bootable and contain your operating system and the apps installed with Linux as well as any added after installation.

In the future you may wish to consider keeping your data in a separate partition, by assigning /home to that partition. Then, since all your data goes into /home with normal use, you can be assured that any new install will not alter your data.


Why does my Thinkpad X220 screen get garbled after a while?

Long time ago I had very similar problems with some videocards - both times it turned out to be a symptom of the videocard dying. It was Windows 98 and then XP, but the picture was very similar.

As I remember, a temporary fix for this was to switch display to text mode and back. In Ubuntu you can do this by pressing Alt-Ctrl-F1 and then Alt-Ctrl-F7


Where can I find a simple instruction for installing home version of windows office programs in a Ubuntu 12.04 environment

First off: if possible, I would advise using LibreOffice. If more people use LibreOffice there will be one day a time more people use that than MS Office. Secondly, if you want MS Office use it with a license you bought and did not use on any other machine. Mind the fine print!

Install "play on linux" from the repositories. You need to accept the EULA for the Microsoft corefonts.
After installing, go through the initial setup.
Open Play on Linux if it does not open automatically, and search for Microsoft.

Now for the easy part, since I can finish this with images:

(note: I have seen office 2010 in the list elsewhere, but it does not show up in my version :( )

(note: here you need to put the location of your CD/DVD station; before it insert your office CD/DVD into the CD/DVD station). I do not have any MS products at home so the next images are from tuxtrix.com.

It should then ask what to install.

And to top it off, here is a youtube video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaY1a4hxjpc


Try Unetbootin.

Ubuntu: sudo apt-get install unetbootin [in the universe repos]

Unetbootin PPA: https://launchpad.net/~gezakovacs/+archive/ubuntu/ppa

Unetbootin Website: http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/


Mapping a smbnetfs network drive using fstab and .smbnetfs.conf

In the Files section of the smbnetfs man page, it says:

  Please  create configuration directory ~/.smb.  This directory should contain at least two files: smb.conf and smbnetfs.conf. You may copy smb.conf from the /etc/samba directory. You can find a sample of smbnetfs.conf in the /etc directory.

If this works as advertised, you should be able to bypass the root conf file there.


Sucks, huh?  I bought a laptop cooler.  Actually, I went through a few of them (don't go cheap!!!!) until I found one that has, along with the obvious fans, little feet on the bottom that flip out about an inch.  When sitting on a desk, this feature elevates the computer and the cooler so air can circulate beneath the laptop cooler.  This little aspect is VERY important

My fan spins up whenever I play WOW or watch Netflix.  This last cooler is a miracle worker.  I don't have it just now, because I'm not at home, but I think it was from the Cooler Master brand.


Problems Initiating Serial Port PCI Card

The modemmanager app was causing problems for me. After uninstalling it my problem was solved.


he is a long term member (2009) and trust-able in my opinion. : https://launchpad.net/~ferramroberto

Member since:
    2009-08-31

Debian GNU/Linux Users
Kubuntu Users
Launchpad Users
Ubuntu Advertising
Ubuntu Screencast Team
Ubuntu Studio
Ubuntu Venetian    Translators
Ubuntu-Tour Team


Why I can't install TomCat 8 on this Ubuntu 15.04 system? (I obtain an error when I perform chmod statment)

chmod will change the permissions, while chown will change the owner and group of a file. In this case you're erroneously using chmod where you should be using chown.

This is an error in the tutorial you're following, you didn't really do anything wrong but the instructions were mistaken. I suggest you find a book on basic Unix commands so you can learn them, and then you'll be able to catch these basic mistakes on your own.


Error while trying to upgrade from Ubuntu 18.04 to 18.10: "Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading."

Enable upgrading from LTS to non-LTS versions (20.04 to 20.10, 18.04 to 18.10)
On 20.04, they've added a clearer message to the failing sudo do-release-upgrade:
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
There is no development version of an LTS available.
To upgrade to the latest non-LTS develoment release
set Prompt=normal in /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades.

Previously, e.g. from 18.04 to 18.10, it was sometimes just giving a unclear error message as reported by the OP:
Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading

The solution to both of those is to go into:
software-properties-gtk

or access it through the Windows key dash where it is named:

Software & Updates

Then:

"Updates" tab
"Notify me of a new Ubuntu version" dropdown
"For any new version"

TODO how to do it from the command line only?
Then as usual:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt dist-upgrade
sudo do-release-upgrade

Without the For any new version setting, it failed to find the new version with:
No new release found.

For some reason, apt-get missed one of the upgrades and I got:
Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading."

only apt worked.
19.10 to 20.04: manually install any packages that didn't automatically upgrade
I came across this when trying to upgrade from 19.10 to 20.04 and it has the same Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading error message, so I'll also give the solution here for Googlers.
When I tried the usual:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt dist-upgrade
sudo do-release-upgrade

sudo apt upgrade told me:
The following packages have been kept back:
  libomp-dev
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.

and then do-release-upgrade gave the Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading. error.
The solution was to manually install libomp-dev:
sudo apt install libomp-dev

This gave me some conflict resolution options, I picked one of them, and then do-release-upgrade worked!
sudo apt upgrade libomp-dev did not work, only apt install did, upgrade failed with:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libomp-dev : Depends: libomp-9-dev (>= 9~) but it is not going to be installed
E: Broken packages

do-release-upgrade -d enables development versions, which is not what you generally want
I advise against do-release-upgrade -d unless you really know what you are doing as that upgrades to unstable development versions, which is not something that most users want.
The upgrade only becomes available a few days/weeks after the ISO is released
Also note that the upgrade is not released at the exact same time as the 18.10 disk comes out, it seems that you have to wait a few days until 18.10.1 is released before upgrading.
If you try sudo do-release-upgrade before that, you still get:
No new release found.


Edit December 2, 2016 - Kernel 4.4.0-51 Generic
I'm pleased to report the regular Ubuntu Kernel 4.4.0-51 (update a couple days ago) is performing better than any of the manually installed kernels to date. The temperature is running a few degrees cooler than the best mainline kernel installed so far. Conky screen below:

Old answer:
I have an Intel Ivy Bridge that suffers some minor consequences of the "big bugs" reported by Bay Trail / Cherry Trail and Skylake users in this bug report: (intel_idle.max_cstate=1 required on baytrail to prevent crashes).
As per comments posted earlier yesterday my temps were averaging 70 to 80 C. Spurred by new bug report comments yesterday I upgraded to Kernel 4.8.10 and the temp is running much lower 60 - 62 C as I type this with Internet TV running under flashplayer on second monitor.
To upgrade to Kernel 4.8.10 use:
cd /tmp
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.8.10/linux-headers-4.8.10-040810_4.8.10-040810.201611210531_all.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.8.10/linux-headers-4.8.10-040810-generic_4.8.10-040810.201611210531_amd64.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.8.10/linux-image-4.8.10-040810-generic_4.8.10-040810.201611210531_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i *.deb
sudo reboot

As far as you fan is concerned it is mostly controlled in ACPI based on pstate and thermald. As far as turbo speed or maximum frequency is concerned running at a slow CPU speed doesn't always mean less heat. For example after the upgrade to 4.8.10 I've noticed CPU speed is almost always in turbo boost <2.4 Ghz <= 3.4 Ghz but the temp is lower as Conky shows:

NOTE: Unlike Ubuntu regular kernel updates which are automatically removed, you have to manually remove manually installed kernels after you install newer ones (if and when you want to).


.efi can't boot when Secure Boot is enabled! do I need to get it signed?

Try disabling Secure Boot. That will enable non-signed binaries to boot.

Another option is to sign your boot loader yourself and add its key to the Machine Owner Key (MOK) list with MokManager.


If you run sudo with wrong password should not happen anything other than the command not being run.

The error HTTP request sent, awaiting response...200k OK sounds like you are running a http service with sudo maybe wget or something, and you are getting the page, I may need more info than that.

Running sudo 3 times with the wrong password could not have changed your SU password even if you ran sudo on sudo passwd root. Unless you forgot the password which is another question, you should try again with the same password since it is the same password as before running sudo.

To add images click the edit button bellow your question(you can find it between share and flag) and follow the instruction as in the picture:

After entering the command

wget -O - https://d2t3ff60b2tol4.cloudfront.net/services@insynchq.com.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -

I inserted the password and pressend enter the command finishes with an OK.


Is there an alternative lock-screen available?

To install an alternate login manager use software manager or the command line

sudo apt-get install kdm

You can try slim or lightdm, both probably lighter then kdm, or try them all.

To remove them

sudo apt-get purge kdm

or slim or lightdm

To select which one to use use sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm or edit /etc/sysconfig/displaymanager

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm

you will get a screen where you can select which display manager (login screen) to use.

Use you up/down arrow keys to select and hit enter key.

or

sudo nano /etc/sysconfig/displaymanager

and change to the dm you wish, such as

DISPLAYMANAGER=”kdm”

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm has the advantage of less typing and less typographical errors.

Locking the screen when you are inactive is a different issue and is a property of the screensaver you use. By default it is gnome-screensaver but xscreensaver is probably the most popular alternate.

To configure and change screensaevers see Configure screensaver in Ubuntu


There should be no 'normal files' in the devices folder.


Why I can't make Google Chrome open "mailto" content type?

This has to do with modern websites offering "service handlers". First, make sure you allow service handlers in Chrome, then allow Gmail to use its service handler.

In Google Chrome, open Settings,click Advanced, and under Privacy and Security, click on Content Settings.
Click on "Handlers" and set the option "Allow sites to ask to become default handlers for protocols" to "on".
Go to Gmail and log in.
You will see a new symbol in the URL bar. It looks like a double diamond. Click it.
Set "Allow mail.google.com to open all email links?" to Allow.


Why when I run' sudo apt-get remove upstart' does ubuntu try and remove ubuntu-desktop, unity, and unity-greeter?

I read that since Ubuntu 15.04 upstart has been replaced with systemd

You read wrong.  As explained in the last bullet point of https://askubuntu.com/a/613814/43344 , upstart is still used for so-called "user" init.  If you uninstall it, all of the things in your desktop that try to talk to a per-session/per-user service manager (as opposed to the system-wide one) will stop working.  Hence the package dependencies.

Further reading

https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/194208/5132


How to prevent SIGBREAK from terminating Ubuntu app in Windows 10?

Ctrl+Fn+B and Ctrl+Fn+S are break keys. In modern keyboards, there is no separate Break key and the above said keys are the alternatives for that.
It also depends on the application that whether it recognizes those keystrokes or not. For example, when Windows Powershell application is used, it don't recognize that but when it is used in Windows Terminal, it recognizes it as Ctrl+C.
On the other hand, command prompt just terminates the process ongoing. Since Ubuntu app on Windows uses command prompt as its front-end, thus when those key combinations are used, "ubuntu" gets terminated and the app closes. You can verify this thing if you run ubuntu on CMD and then use one of those key combinations. You'll observe that ubuntu is terminated and you're back to command prompt.
Further Reading:

Break key - Wikipedia
break key alternative - Dell Community


install nvidia drivers with ppa into Ubuntu 15

To install the latest driver on Kubuntu, first remove that PPA from /etc/apt/sources.list in a terminal

sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

Now add this one

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update

Now install the latest driver

sudo apt-get install nvidia-358

and reboot

sudo reboot


Messed up updates. Managed to get to desktop, but can't install Fglrx drivers back

According to the information page about the LTSEnablement Stack on the Ubuntu Wiki, updates bring along new kernels and new versions of Xorg.

The problem here is the new version of Xorg. 16.04 doesn't work with fglrx because it shipped with Xorg 1.18, which isn't compatible. 14.04 usually works fine because it came with 1.16.

With that Hardware Security Update, you installed a newer kernel, but you also installed a newer version of Xorg: one that is incompatible with fglrx. I honestly don't think there's a way to downgrade that safely, and since you cancelled the upgrade halfway through, your system is already unstable.

Of course, it's possible to recover everything and downgrade without breaking anything, but it is going to take a lot of effort. If you really need fglrx, I suggest you either reinstall 14.04 and don't take HWE upgrades, or check here for some options if you're going to stay where you are: Ubuntu 14.04.5/16.04/16.10 and AMD graphics

Update: it appears you can downgrade Xorg back to 1.16. I am not able to test the safety of this, nor whether or not it functions, so try it at your own risk. Downgrade xorg-server


Konsole -- 'Unable to locate package power' -- Power Manager unable to initialize

If I run

apt list --installed | grep -i power

in Kubuntu 18.04, I see:

libpowerdevilcore2/bionic-updates,now 4:5.12.7-0ubuntu0.1 amd64 [installed]
libpowerdevilui5/bionic-updates,now 4:5.12.7-0ubuntu0.1 amd64 [installed]
libupower-glib3/bionic-updates,now 0.99.7-2ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 [installed]
powerdevil/bionic-updates,now 4:5.12.7-0ubuntu0.1 amd64 [installed]
powerdevil-data/bionic-updates,bionic-updates,now 4:5.12.7-0ubuntu0.1 all [installed]
powermgmt-base/bionic,bionic,now 1.33 all [installed]
ruby-power-assert/bionic,bionic,now 0.3.0-1 all [installed]
upower/bionic-updates,now 0.99.7-2ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 [installed]

I suggest you try

sudo apt install --reinstall powerdevil

If that doesn't work, try

sudo apt install --reinstall kubuntu-desktop


You have to move and expand /dev/sda3 first, then you can expand /dev/sda5. You're using MBR / legacy BIOS, in which case you have to deal with something called "logical partitions". /dev/sda5 and above numbers are all labels associated with partitions contained within logical partitions. This logical container must be expanded first.

(For Windows 8+ users only) Also, consider disabling Power Options -> Choose what the power buttons do -> Change settings that are currently unavailable -> Fast Startup and Hibernation in Windows. This allows you to view Windows files from within Linux without any NTFS issues.


Not so easy:

Install the readily available dependencies:

sudo apt install libalut0 libsdl-mixer1.2 libsdl-ttf2.0-0 libsdl-net1.2 libsmpeg0

Download and install libsdl-gfx1.2-4:

wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/132696522/libsdl-gfx1.2-4_2.0.23-3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libsdl-gfx1.2-4_2.0.23-3_amd64.deb

Download and install libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0:

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/s/s2tc/libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0_0~git20131104-1.1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0_0~git20131104-1.1_amd64.deb

Finally, install Bastion:

sudo dpkg -i bastion_1.4-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb


Hibernate and/or Suspend breaks my computer

The same thing happens to me. I have researched that it was a driver problem. I can't do anything to get out of suspend or hibernate without force-restarting cinnamon (In my case, I have Linux Mint 17 cinnamon on an HP Pavilion g6 with AMD Trinity driver) by doing Ctrl+Alt+Backspace several times. THEN when that works, GRUB appears after a long wait, then everything works fine when you load Linux again. I have also heard Ctrl+Alt+F1 then Ctrl+Alt+F7 while suspended should work, though I have never tried it. Play with your drivers and test everything out if in doubt.


The days on my lock screen are in another language

Make sure your current settings are correct:

Open Settings
Go to Region & Language
Click Manage installed languages
Under the Regional Formats tab, make sure English is selected, then click Apply System-Wide

You may need to log out and log in, or restart the machine, for changes to take effect

This is based on these instructions for an older version of Ubuntu


Uninstalled multiple package, need help recovering

The command

sudo apt-get --purge libre*

does exactly nothing it is wrong

E: Command line option --purge is not understood

If you have used the next command (in my test in a bash shell it does also nothing? ...)

sudo apt-get purge libre*

use the command below to identify the purged packages for a given date, eg for 2015-08-28

awk '/Start-Date: 2015-08-28/,/End-Date: 2015-08-28/ {if ($0 ~ /Purge/) {sub(/Purge: /,"",$0); print $0}}' /var/log/apt/history.log

Check the list and reinstall the purged packages via

awk '/Start-Date: 2015-08-28/,/End-Date: 2015-08-28/ {if ($0 ~ /Purge/) {sub(/Purge: /,"",$0); print $0}}' /var/log/apt/history.log | awk '{for (i=i;i<=NF;i++) {if (i%2 == 1) {system("sudo apt-get install -y "$i)}}}'

Example

I've started the command below

sudo apt-get purge librevenge-0.0-0

I get the following output

% awk '/Start-Date: 2015-08-28/,/End-Date: 2015-08-28/ {if ($0 ~ /Purge/) {sub(/Purge: /,"",$0); print $0}}' /var/log/apt/history.log
libreoffice-pdfimport:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libmspub-0.1-1:amd64 (0.1.1-2)
libreoffice-base-core:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libreoffice:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libwpg-0.3-3:amd64 (0.3.0-3)
libreoffice-writer:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libmwaw-0.3-3:amd64 (0.3.4-1)
libvisio-0.1-1:amd64 (0.1.0-2)
libreoffice-impress:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libreoffice-help-de:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libreoffice-avmedia-backend-gstreamer:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libreoffice-base:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
librevenge-0.0-0:amd64 (0.0.1-3)
libreoffice-draw:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libreoffice-core:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libreoffice-gnome:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libreoffice-sdbc-firebird:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libwps-0.3-3:amd64 (0.3.0-2)
unoconv:amd64 (0.6-6)
inkscape:amd64 (0.91-3ubuntu1)
libreoffice-report-builder-bin:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libwpd-0.10-10:amd64 (0.10.0-2)
libreoffice-help-en-us:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libreoffice-ogltrans:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
python3-uno:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libabw-0.1-1:amd64 (0.1.0-2)
libe-book-0.1-1:amd64 (0.1.1-2)
libreoffice-sdbc-hsqldb:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libreoffice-gtk:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
mythes-de:amd64 (20120516-2)
libcdr-0.1-1:amd64 (0.1.0-3)
libodfgen-0.1-1:amd64 (0.1.1-2)
mythes-en-us:amd64 (4.2.1-0ubuntu3)
libreoffice-base-drivers:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libfreehand-0.1-1:amd64 (0.1.0-2)
libreoffice-math:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)
libreoffice-calc:amd64 (5.0.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~vivid1)


You could create a live Ubuntu USB or DVD, boot into it, then use the file manager to attempt to locate your home folder on your botched partition. If it's readable, you should be able to access it from the "Devices" section of the file manager sidebar. Copy the files onto an external drive, then reinstall Ubuntu. Then re-copy the files into the appropriate locations in your new home folder. All of your settings that aren't stored in the home folder will be lost, but at least you'll have your data.

You might be able to do it without the Ubuntu live disk by simply booting into Windows and copying out the files from there, but I've never tried it.


problem in sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

I haven't tried it myself but I presume the system won't reinstall the desktop while it is in use. Instead of logging into the desktop and opening a terminal, log into console mode:

How to start Ubuntu in Console mode

Before changing make sure you note the settings for:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console

After rebooting and logging into console use:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt install --reinstall unity

The last command is only necessary if you are using the Unity interface.

Now reverse the changes for console mode and reboot.


Later versions of Ubuntu have better support.  I just upgraded to 15.10 on a pc that has a ATI Radeon HD 3650  and it runs fine.

What source do you have/ link that shows your card is no longer supported?

Hope this helps.


Are you running Firefox?  I get freezes when I do too much scrolling around and changing screens rapidly.  Also, I found out that if, when it first happens, I can hit AltCtrlDel and leave it for about 5 minutes and the computer logs me out.  I just sign back in and start over.


Check out this link with the same question on ubuntuforums.org

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2157550

It links to the following webpage with the actual solution:

http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=103877#p496207

Check it out and hopefully it will solve the problem.

Good luck!

ps. also check here:

How to fix MATLAB R2014 greek letter/latex font support


Reduce avi size without losing too much quality

My answer to this question: How can I maximum compress video files? may be helpful for your case. In this answer I talk about Miksoft's Mobile Media Converter, but there are a few alternatives to this task which can easily be reached over the net.

Anyway, Mobile Media Converter will only work for 32 bit version OS's. And for both 32/64 bit version I suggest you to give a chance to

WinFF

Transmaggedon

Transcoder

Arista Transcoder

And there are some other useful Transcoding Software, which includes Non Linear Editing Systems like those mentioned on the answers to this question: What is an easy video editor? and command line using ffmpeg.

Nevertheless, the trick isn't in the software itself but the way you make your videos.

You must pay special attention to the Audio and Video Bitrates, which determines both the quality and file size for the resulting transcoded videos and remember that the higher bitrate will result in a higher quality but it will also drop "heavy" file sizes.

You should run as many tests as you need in order to feel comfortable with both the resulting quality and file size.

There is no a pre-defined set of parameters which will do always the same for your videos when you are trying to save something, let's say: quality and file size, or in the worst case: both them.

There is no such "magic codec" that will result in a better quality with small file sizes. Take in consideration that you could have a mpeg1 video file (VCD) with a high bitrate looking better than an mp4 video file with a lower bitrate.

The FileInfo.com webpage related to "Video Formats" provides an extensive and really comprehensive list of video formats, its available software which can be used to play each one and the "popularity".

You may also wish to take a look to the "Digital Container format" and the table of "Comparison of container formats".

Good luck!


Does a separate /home partition have any effect on accessing speed?

It depends on where your /home partition is located. If it's on the same drive or host, probably not. Let's say it resides on a network share, then perfomance might be an issue, depending on the network, etc.


This error was resolved in the comments with :

sudo apt update

From http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man8/apt.8.html

  update (apt-get(8))

       update is used to download package information from all
       configured
       sources. Other commands operate on this data to e.g. perform
       package upgrades or search in and display details about all
       packages available for installation.


Exceptions/OS Errors installing graphlab

As you can see in the output of stat /home/catman/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/boto-2.38.0-py2.7.egg-info, only root has the necessary access rights.

Correct the wrong owner and group:

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /home/catman/anaconda2


Checking this it indicates you should use the kernel boot option nohz=off. It's also described in this bug. Since the bug indicates the problem is in the bios, you could try updating the bios and see whether Toshiba have fixed it.


I solved this by disabling animations in the gnome shell. Disabling animations will disable all animations. This setting can be changed in many different ways. For the change to take effect in gedit, don't forget to restart gedit.

Using gsettings (command line)

Open a terminal and run this command:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface enable-animations false

Using dconf-editor (GUI)

From the start screen, navigate to /org/gnome/desktop/interface/enable-animations

and set it to false.

Using gnome-tweak-tool (GUI)

Open gnome-tweaks. In the appearance tab, set the following option to false: animations


Translucent menu bars and missing letters

--UPDATE--

Linux 4.0 and up have better support for newer hardware.
You should simply update to Ubuntu 16.04 or install a 4.X kernel yourself.

This apparently deals with the Intel Graphics Drivers on some machines ;
If you do not install Intel's Graphics Driver - then things like this happen.

Unfortunately, whoever is running that project made the poor decision to remove all versions but the current from the download list.

Thus, you cannot apply this fix unless you are running 14.10.

I, myself am in the same boat, and while I would like to update back to 14.10 or 15.04, my job requires 14.04.

SO, as of right now, here is what I have done:

Install compiz :

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugins-extra

Scroll down to "Image Loading" - and check "Text"
Under "Utilities" - click "Workarounds" :
YMMV, here - and you may not want to do any of these:
Check:

QT Window Fix
Don't wait for vsync
Force full screen Redraws on repaint

I will edit this as I can verify which of the above options actually did the trick.

This seems to have fixed the font (after a couple of reboots...)
But the transparent menu bar is still a problem...


Thunar as default file manager in Lubuntu 11.10 - how?

The simple way...

The quickest way is to create a pcmanfm shell script in /usr/local/bin.  This shell script will instead execute thunar

Thus:

nano ~/pcmanfm

copy and paste the following:

#!/bin/sh
thunar $* &

Save

chmod 755 ~/pcmanfm
sudo mv ~/pcmanfm /usr/local/bin

The disadvantage though of this method is that you will lose any desktop shortcuts because on login, pcmanfm is no longer being run on login.

LXDE/XFCE Hybrid

A more interesting method would be to have the LXDE shell but with the XFCE desktop rather than the pcmanfm desktop

The reason for running with the xfdesktop is that it integrates with thunar whereas the pcmanfm desktop cannot be configured to launch folders stored on the desktop with thunar - only pcmanfm.

The recipe is as follows:

Change the default file-manager shortcut: edit the file /usr/share/applications/pcmanfm.desktop and change the line Exec=pcmanfm %U to Exec=thunar %U
Change shortcut keys: using leafpad change all references of pcmanfm to thunar in the file ~/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml
Stop pcmanfm desktop being run on login: edit the file /etc/xdg/lxsession/Lubuntu/autostart and change the line @pcmanfm --desktop --profile lubuntu to !@pcmanfm --desktop --profile lubuntu
Create a startup-on-login folder: create a folder called ~/.config/autostart
Start xfdesktop on login: create a file called xfdesktop.desktop in this autostart folder with...

the contents

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Exec=xfdesktop
Icon=help-contents
StartupNotify=false
Terminal=false
Categories=Utility;X-XFCE;X-Xfce-Toplevel;
Name=xfdesktop

Install xfdesktop: sudo apt-get install xfdesktop4
reboot.

a third way...

If you don't want to run the xfdesktop - then follow the recipe above, but dont disable pcmanfm in /etc/xdg/lxsession/Lubuntu/autostart and you also dont need to autostart xfdesktop.

Obviously you are still left with the folder on desktop launching pcmanfm issue - but if you can live with this, this is a worthy compromise.


Gtk-Message: Failed to load module "pantheon-filechooser-module"

I had the same problem! If you run the following:

env | grep -i gtk

And see the module in your path like mine:

GTK_MODULES=pantheon-filechooser-module:overlay-scrollbar

Then it means it's being set somewhere to use the pantheon which needs to be removed. I did a quick grep and found the following:

/etc/profile.d/pantheon-filechooser-module.sh:export GTK_MODULES=pantheon-filechooser-module

So did:

sudo rm /etc/profile.d/pantheon-filechooser-module.sh

Finally - I saved my GTK_MODULES variable without the filechooser in my current session so not to have to restart: (obviously yours will be different to mine)

GTK_MODULES="overlay-scrollbar"

Job Done.


I do this with a script using

xrandr --output eDP  --auto --output HDMI-A-0 --primary --left-of eDP

here HDMI-A-0 us set as primary and to the left of the secondary screen eDP

I get the monitor names from

xrandr

add that to startup applications (power key, startup, add ) and if that doesnt work, make it a script and add it in startup applications

bash "wherever/whatever/whatisname.sh"

you could also do a keyboard shortcut to that script for manual monitor placement.

and you will need to set the third monitor to the left (or right) of another monitor. if that works, join above xrandr command with && for the second placement.


You may want to try a free alternative:

LMMS

  LMMS is a free cross-platform software which allows you to produce music with your computer. This covers creating melodies and beats, synthesizing and mixing sounds and arranging samples. You can have fun with your MIDI keyboard and much more – all in a user-friendly and modern interface. Furthermore LMMS comes with many ready-to-use instrument and effect plugins, presets and samples.

Features

Song-Editor for composing songs
A Beat+Bassline-Editor for creating beats and basslines
An easy-to-use Piano-Roll for editing patterns and melodies
An FX mixer with 64 FX channels and arbitrary number of effects allow unlimited mixing possibilities
Many powerful instrument and effect plugins out of the box
Full user-defined track-based automation and computer-controlled automation sources
Compatible with many standards such as SoundFont2, VST(i), LADSPA, GUS Patches, and MIDI
Import of MIDI files, Hydrogen project files and FL Studio ® project files

Last release available from this PPA: ppa:irie/lmms . To install it:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:irie/lmms
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lmms

For some reasons, it didn't work you can download them from:

https://launchpad.net/~irie/+archive/ubuntu/lmms/+packages


in that situation, the best you can you is to PURGE (delete Steam completely) from your system and then re-install it, here are two links that might be helpful:

How do I remove Steam?
Installing Steam
How do I install Steam 64-bit when package dependencies cannot be resolved?

Hope it helps, good luck!


I have the same problem with my epson l355

Here's how i fix it

Add ubuntu trusty repository to your source list in "software and updates"

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lsb-core lsb
Remove or deactivate the trusty repository
sudo apt-get update
Install your printer driver .deb via your favorite way

Hope it works...

Sorry for my english


What is the recommended partition set up?

For smoothest experience, you should use only single partition (+ probably boot + definitely swap).

Advantages

You don't have to care about disk sizes. With multiple partitions, if you reserve 10GB for root partition, then it's getting too small if you install few larger programs, and do not clean up log files and so on. That's not really smooth.

Distribution upgrade do not require separate /data or /home partition. If you want to change distribution (from Ubuntu to Debian or something), then it's useful.

Disadvantages

If you fill your home folder with some files, whole system will have problems. My experience says that without software RAID5 or RAID6 you do not have problems with that (you can still boot and then delete files), but it's anyway annoying.

Also, you shouldn't create new folders to root directory. There is Filesystem Hierarchy Standard.

  ... must never create or require special files or subdirectories in the root directory. Other locations in the FHS hierarchy provide more than enough flexibility for any package.


Can I delete incremental backups made with Déjà Dup?

Files associated with full and incremental backups:

A full backup contains all the data of that backup, and it does not depend on any other backups. It consists of at least three files:

duplicity-full.DATE.manifest (just one)
duplicity-full.DATE.volYYY.difftar (one or more)
duplicity-full-signatures.DATE.sigtar (just one)

If the backup is encrypted, these filenames will have a .gpg suffix.

An incremental backup only contains the differences between a previous backup and itself, it depends on the previous backup, and of its previous backups, all the way until the chain reaches a full backup. It consists of three files:

duplicity-inc.DATE.to.DATE.manifest (just one)
duplicity-inc.DATE.to.DATE.volX.difftar (one or more)
duplicity-new-signatures.DATE.to.DATE.sigtar (just one)

To delete a backup, you can just delete the set of corresponding files. Remember that all subsequent dependent incremental backups will become invalid. You can do this manually, or you can use the duplicity command.

Command overview of duplicity:

Here's how to view a set of backups using the duplicity command:

$ duplicity collection-status file:///path/to/backup
# output truncated for brevity

Found 0 secondary backup chains.

Found primary backup chain with matching signature chain:
-------------------------
Chain start time: Thu Nov 22 12:40:53 2012
Chain end time: Thu Jan 10 14:17:35 2013
Number of contained backup sets: 7
Total number of contained volumes: 358
 Type of backup set:                            Time:   Number of volumes:
                Full         Thu Nov 22 12:40:53 2012               162
         Incremental         Thu Nov 29 15:12:49 2012                 4
         Incremental         Thu Dec 13 09:05:17 2012                10
         Incremental         Thu Dec 20 11:09:12 2012                 9
         Incremental         Thu Dec 27 00:05:55 2012                83
         Incremental         Thu Jan  3 11:07:31 2013                79
         Incremental         Thu Jan 10 14:17:35 2013                11
-------------------------
No orphaned or incomplete backup sets found.

Here's how to remove backups older than one month, keeping any backups that are required for incremental backups in the last month:

duplicity remove-older-than 1M file:///path/to/backup

Here's how to remove all backups except the last full backup set, and its incremental backups:

duplicity remove-all-but-n-full 1 file:///path/to/backup

Here's how to remove all incremental backups except the last full backup set, and its incremental backups:

duplicity remove-all-inc-of-but-n-full 1 file:///path/to/backup

The manpage for the duplicity command  is very informative, take a look.


Indicator of input language on keyboard cursor (or cursor color)

It certainly is possible, but the solution for that I came up with is very... ugly.

First of all, you would need to create you own cursor themes with your own colors. You can copy ones that you have in /usr/share/icons (check for folders that contain cursor.theme file) into your users ~/.icons folder, rename them by your choice and colorize. For the proof-of-concept I'll show you rest by just using cursor themes that should already be available in the system. Let's say "DMZ-White" and "DMZ-Black".

As for colorizing cursors, you can do it with GIMP and it's "colorize" function/filter, but you gotta apply it to all layers (different sizes) and then export those files with .xmc extension and then strip that extension, so the names are like in the original, source theme.

Various desktop environments have different methods for storing current keyboard layout and for the one I'm working on (MATE) I wasn't even able to figure out a nice method, so I needed to use xset -q which returns very meaningless "mask" that's different for each keyboard layout.

Try running this command after switching keyboard layouts:

xset -q | grep -A 0 'LED' | cut -c59-67

It should give you something like "00000002" for one layout and "00001002" for the other. You will need those values later on.

Now you gotta figure out how to change a cursor theme by a command at your environment.

Here's what works on MATE:

gsettings set org.mate.peripherals-mouse cursor-theme 'DMZ-Black'

... and this should probably work on GNOME:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface cursor-theme 'DMZ-Black'

If you don't know the proper names for your cursor themes, just switch them by GUI and check:

gsettings get org.mate.peripherals-mouse cursor-theme
gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.interface cursor-theme

And now... the ugliest part - putting it all together and running a script on loop with given interval that will change a cursor according to a value from xset. Here's a simple one that does that:

#!/bin/bash

current=$(gsettings get org.mate.peripherals-mouse cursor-theme)
echo "STARTING WITH: $current"

while [ "true" ]; do

    xval=$(xset -q | grep -A 0 'LED' | cut -c59-67)

    if [ "$xval" == "00000002" ]; then

        if [ "$current" != "'DMZ-Black'" ]; then

            current="'DMZ-Black'"
            echo "CHANGING TO: $current"
            gsettings set org.mate.peripherals-mouse cursor-theme $current

        fi

    elif [ "$xval" == "00001002" ]; then

        if [ "$current" != "'DMZ-White'" ]; then

            current="'DMZ-White'"
            echo "CHANGING TO: $current"
            gsettings set org.mate.peripherals-mouse cursor-theme $current

        fi

    fi

    sleep 1 # one-second interval between each re-check

done

Put this script in some file, apply chmod +x to it (executable permission) and after configuring accordingly to your situation and testing in terminal (f.e. bash /home/glaz/my-dynamic-cursor-script), you can add it to your auto-start and ~VIOLA~

Maybe not the nicest solution, but it does the job - at least for me :)

Oh... It also works when you are using that feature, that allows for a different input-layout for each window, so when you change focus to different window, cursor also updates. However it will not work over applications that are using their own, custom cursors - such cases would require that other idea you had: to follow a cursor in real-time and render some overlay next to it, but I don't think that it's as easy as this... it might require coding some specialized app/daemon that would perform just that.


You can right click on the file and click "Move to Trash".
Like this


Converting jar to exe file in Eclipse plugin

In Ubuntu exe files won't do much good for you, this is not Windows :). You should just launch your jar file with in java -jar mypackage.jar in a shell script or make the jar file executable by chmod +x filename or by right clicking on it in Nautilus and setting the executable flag on the Permissions page.

For Java applications, the nice way of doing things is putting an sh file for Unices and a bat file for Windows next to the jar, and launching the application from these files.


Create a text file called .hidden at the top level of your home directly. In this text file, add the name of the file/folder to hide. Log out, log in, and that file/folder will no longer be displayed.

Update: #1 As was pointed out, the .hidden file that you create may need to be placed in the directory where the file that you wish to hide is, so in your case, in ~/Desktop.

In terminal...

pico ~/Desktop/.hidden # to create/edit the file

UnrealEngine

control+o # to save your edits

hit Return key to confirm filename to save to

control+x # to exit the editor

log out

log in


Cannot dual boot Windows 7 and Ubuntu 14.04 in my Gigabyte Q2542C laptop

First of all make different partitions for Ubuntu and windows, if you want windows as primary operating system install it on the drive(that is existing before anything is installed) and do the same if you want Ubuntu as primary operating system.Follow the steps after that

Make Partitions using any one installed operating system
Install the secondary operating system on the partitioned drive
please give atleast a 100GB space to each operating system if you want a smooth install

for installing Ubuntu follow these links

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsDualBoot

for creating ubuntu live media follow this-

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows


Can't open nano and can't install it on Ubuntu Server 14

I'm out on a limb here, but it is probably simply a matter of 1. nano not being installed and 2. misconfigured package sources.

You can try the following:

Comment the cdrom-related line in /etc/apt/sources.list by adding a # in front of it, like

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Release amd64 (20140722.2)]/ trusty main

Make sure you do have a Trusty repository in your /etc/apt/sources.list, e.g.

deb http://somemirror.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main

deb-src http://somemirror.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main

deb http://somemirror.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main

deb-src http://somemirror.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nano

(Of course for this to work you'll have to rely on some other editor, I'm guessing vi or if you don't even have vi resort to some creative cat'ting and piping).


No sound by speaker in ubuntu 12.04, only by headphones (re installing, updating and in liveUSB without sound)

The solution provided here works for HDA Intel Soundcard. To find the make of your laptop soundcard click here.

Solution 1:

Try the following command in the terminal:

killall pulseaudio

Solution 2:

You need to edit this file /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf and then add a line in its end. Use the following commands:

sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf &

Now add the following line at its end:

options snd-hda-intel model=generic

Now reboot your computer. It should solve your problem. If the solution doesn’t work then try the Further Troubleshoot.

Source: http://www.computerandyou.net/2011/06/how-to-solve-no-sound-through-laptop-integrated-speakers-in-ubuntu-11-04/


How to get notified (run script) on every SSH connection?

There are different ways:

use a ~/.ssh/rc script;
use the ForceCommand keyword in sshd.conf telling sshd to execute a command on every login (but this will also make sshd ignore any command supplied by the client and ~/.ssh/rc if present).
monitor /var/log/auth using a tool like logwatch.

I assume using a rc script is the easiest solution.


start-stop-daemon not removing old pid file

Actually start-stop-daemon is not supposed to remove pidfiles. You can do it in your script (rm -f $pidfile). You might want to take a look at some other start script. The script /etc/init.d/dbus for example has the following shutdown script (for do stop):

shut_it_down()
{
  log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
  start-stop-daemon --stop --retry 5 --quiet --oknodo --pidfile $PIDFILE \
    --user $DAEMONUSER
  # We no longer include these arguments so that start-stop-daemon
  # can do its job even given that we may have been upgraded.
  # We rely on the pidfile being sanely managed
  # --exec $DAEMON -- --system $PARAMS
  log_end_msg $?
  rm -f $PIDFILE
}

From the manual page:

  -m, --make-pidfile
                Used when starting a program that does not create  its  own  pid
                file.  This  option  will make start-stop-daemon create the file
                referenced with --pidfile and place the pid into it just  before
                executing  the  process. Note, the file will not be removed when
                stopping the program.  NOTE: This feature may not  work  in  all
                cases.  Most  notably when the program being executed forks from
                its main process. Because of this, it  is  usually  only  useful
                when combined with the --background option.

(see http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man8/start-stop-daemon.8.html)


what's the difference between base os ubuntu and image ubuntu?

For convenience, there are default base operating systems.

For the Oracle Virtual Box driver, this base operating system is the boot2docker.iso.
For drivers used to connect to cloud providers, the base operating system is Ubuntu 12.04+

Those are two different environments, as I described in "Container as a Service (Caas)":

the non-Linux host will use a TinyCore-based BM called boot2docker: in it you can run docker daemon and launch any container based on any image you want (ubuntu or otherwise)
the cloud hosts,  that is cloud providers, the base operating system is the latest Ubuntu LTS the provider supports. Hence Ubuntu 12.04.
To use a different base operating system on a remote provider, specify the provider’s image flag and one of its available images. For example, to select a debian-8-x64 image on DigitalOcean you would supply the --digitalocean-image=debian-8-x64 flag.

In all environments, the goal is to provide a Linux kernel recent enough to support docker feature, allowing any docker image to delegate its system calls to the kernel.


Something made all text really small - font and size settings, dpi seem ok

And the culprit was...  nvidia-310.
Switching over to Nouveau fixed it and made everything superbig at 14 (as it should be). Changed fonts back to 11 and all is good.


How to set up WiFi connection on a MacBook (early 2008)/Ubuntu 12.04 LTS?

Try:
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

sudo modprobe b43

dmesg |grep -e b43 -e bcma

from: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2011756


I had the same problem.
Resolved it by adding in /etc/default/grub

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="iommu=soft"

Then sudo update-grub, reboot and voilà!


Make sure that its a direct mp3 streaming link and not a link to an online player


My Ubuntu 18.04.5 PXE boot initrd isn't doing the kickstart file

I would use the kernel and initrd files from the Bionic netboot.tar.gz archive.  I'm not sure the casper files are compatible with preseed.
The pxelinux config should look something like
LABEL bionic-install
        MENU DEFAULT
        MENU label Install Bionic
        KERNEL ubuntu-installer/amd64/linux
        APPEND vga=788 initrd=ubuntu-installer/amd64/initrd.gz auto=true priority=critical url=tftp://192.168.1.5/ubuntu185t/preseed.cfg netcfg/choose_interface=auto --


Your answer is in this thread: How to autohide the Launcher in Unity 2D?

Do a

dconf write /com/canonical/unity-2d/launcher/hide-mode 1
dconf write /com/canonical/unity-2d/launcher/use-strut false

to hide the Bar, that it now shows directly.

and use the following tool do configure that it doesnt come when moving your mouse to the right:
http://ubuntuone.com/0eyiDuvaOmAi25OlN3wcTX


Go to CCSM (compiz Configuration Settings Manager) then go to the OpenGL plug in and then uncheck Sync to Vblank. Then go back and on the Composite plug in uncheck Detect Refresh Rate


ROS download unable to locate package error

Make sure to configure your Ubuntu repositories to allow restricted, universe, and multiverse. See this for a guide on how to do that.
Issue the following command into terminal to setup your computer to accept software from packages.ros.org

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'

Setup your keys by issuing the following into terminal:

curl -sSL 'http://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookupop=get&search=0xC1CF6E31E6BADE8868B172B4F42ED6FBAB17C654' | sudo apt-key add -

Update your packages

sudo apt update

Now install:

sudo apt install ros-melodic-desktop-full


How can I shrink the UI in Google Chrome back to normal size after an update?

Look in about:flags for something about hybrid (maybe it was touch) or UI.

Click the selection box

Select something else.


Parse lines with specific pattern out of file


Want to setup acl but my /etc/fstab does not look like the docs

The syntax of fstab is:

device    mount-point    type    options    fs_freq    fs_passno

(or, as you can see in the header comments:)

<file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>

In this case they are asking you to add acl to the options, and the options in the example are defaults, whereas for you they are errors=remount-ro.
So, yes, you can add the acl after errors=remount-ro:

UUID=050e1e34-39e6-4072-a03e-ae0bf90ba13a    /    ext4    errors=remount-ro,acl 0       1


Remove title-bar of all maximized windows in GNOME 3

There's a much easier way than editing config files - simply add Pixel saver extension to get rid of the title bar and reclaim your screen space.

It has the added benefit that you still get maximise/minimise buttons but these are now stowed away in the top panel.

I previously used Maximus but this seemed to break with gnome 3.8 - Maximus also use to give me issues with pop-up calendars for my bank but this extension play nicely with that too.


Wine Install - Do I need Mono, Gecko, etc

Mono

You need Mono to run certain applications and components.

It is recommended to install the Microsoft core fonts, some applications require it to work properly.

I suggest you to install PlayOnLinux, so you can manage your Wine prefixes easily by installing the components required for each one.

For example, if you want to install Microsoft Office, PlayOnLinux already has a script which automatically installs the required complements and packages.

You can install mono by using:

sudo apt install mono-complete

or (for Ubuntu versions prior to 16.04)

sudo apt-get install mono-complete

Gecko

For Gecko, check https://wiki.winehq.org/Gecko


I didn't manage to find solution to my problem so I reinstalled Ubuntu 15.10 and did the backup. This guide helped me. And it works, even before I did backup I could preserve all of my files inside my home folder, but I had small trouble with USB mouse and keyboard(I use laptop).


Ubuntu 11.10 Adobe PDF 9 not associated correctly

The brocken link in your system menu is not causing the problem with file association. You can easily change the default associated file by right clicking on any PDF and selecting Properties from the menu. Choose the Open With tab and you will see the default program as well. You can change the default by selecting another program from the recommended application list and select Set as default.

Here is I select Set as default, Okular will be set for viewing all PDF files from now on until I change the default again.

If you like to open your PDF file with another application that is not set as default, you can always right click on a file and choose the desired application from the Open With sub-menu.


Unknown filesystem with grub, but Windows Bootloader works!

Try Boot-Repair

Live Boot the ubuntu and install it
or use ubuntu secure remix which have  with boot-repair in it.
Connect to internet white working with Boot-repair.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


Way to disable top panel on second monitor? or at least hide it properly

This seems to be a bug in 15.04.

A workaround for VLC is to right-click the window title and select "Always on top".


counting number of three digit numbers in a text file

sort -n numbers.txt | uniq -c | sed -E 's/^( *[0-9]+) (.*)$/\2 \1/' would be the simplest way to achieve your goal. It:

sorts your numbers first, just in case
counts the length of each unique set
seds the result to move the count to the rear of each string


I've come across this problem when Installing Mint 17.3, Lubuntu 16.04 and Ubuntu LTS 16.04 on a 16GB Flashdisk from a live USB.
You see when I created the Live USB, I used rufus making bootable USB, I also tried using Mint's Create Bootable USB tool. Same results, failure to install grub...
The problem was that all these tools were creating the Live USB to be compatible with UEFI boards. Thus when you boot your live USB in UEFI mode, your installer will create GPT disk rather than MBR, and for that you need a dedicated partition where you put /boot/efi.
However I wanted MBR, so I started the computer with my Live USB, opened gparted and erased then formatted my installation target, which like I said earlier was a 16GB Flash disk (I like having a portable OS), when you create the new partitions, select MBR theme. After you're done with partitioning your target, install Linux as you would normally do and that dreaded error message won't appear at the end of the installation.
Good Luck


How can I tell from within Ubuntu if my liquid cooling system is pumping?

I don't know how to control the liquid cooling, it might act like a cpu fan & allow bios or software speed up & slow down, but I thought most liquid coolers are more like an always-on full-speed thing, they're supposed to be quieter so what's the point in slowing them down ever. Does your BIOS show anything about the cpu pump or fan speed? The sensor pictures show 3 fans, are there 3 air fans in there somewhere, or is one definitely the CPU water pump? I'd look up more info about that particular liquid cooler & see if it can report and change it's pump speed like a fan, and some liquid coolers have an air fan on the radiator too so that might be it.

I do know how to test a car's radiator to see if it's working, and a cpu liquid cooler is a little radiator... grab both hoses and see if one is cooler (the one from the rad to the cpu) and the other is hotter (from cpu to rad). If they are then it's probably working (at least a little).

Or maybe ubuntu is just running the cpu hotter for other reasons, like the cpu frequency might not be slowing down, does cpufreq-info show the governor's ondemand or conservative with the frequency within some available steps? Just saw another Q where overheating occurred because the cpufreq governor was stuck on performance=fastest which tends to be hot. Or sometimes video drivers run the cpu &/or vid card hotter in ubuntu/linux, and may need updating or trying another driver?


How can I type "can't" without pressing SPACE on US International keyboard layout

You can use 'apostrophe' ' without space (this is also used as 'single quote'), but 'accent acute' and 'accent grave' need a space (or another character) to be printed, because they can be put on top of letters (not only as a separate character).

Examples: ` (accent grave), à, é

US keyboard:


The installed wireless driver might not be correct for your computer, Try installing the native b43 driver:

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree
sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source

And then reboot your computer


'snap list' shows 3 installed packages, can I still purge snapd on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS?

Yes, it is safe.
lxd is a container manager, the other two are the core runtime environment for snapd and the base snap, originally for Ubuntu 18.04.
You can remove them the way you suggested without issues.


How should a RAID partition be created and configured using parted?

Start Parted using -a optimal to make sure it warns you in case you are creating a partition which is not correctly aligned. Create the partition without specifying any file system using mkpart:

mkpart primary 1MiB 512MiB

This command creates a 511MiB partition starting at 1MiB and ending at 512MiB.

Use MiB, GiB or TiB when creating the partition. This ensures correct alignment on HDD's with 512B as well as 4096B physical sectors.

Above 1MiB is used as the starting position, as it's the lowest position you can use without Parted complaining about alignment. But make a mental note that sector 40 really is the lowest position with correct alignment, but parted likes 1MiB boundaries and you're wasting very little disk space.

To make the kernel notice the RAID partition and mount it automatically you need to set the raid flag. If your new partition is identified as partition 1 in Parted (check with p) you set the raid flag using:

set 1 raid on

Verify the partitions sizes with print, but set unit display to KiB, MiB, or GiB. If you do not, the default compact units will show KB, MB and GB.

unit MiB
print

To sum the answers up:

  I know that raid is a possible partition flag, do I have to use it? How is it used by the running system?

No you don't have to. In case you choose not to you have to mount it yourself.

  Which file system type should I use? None?

Yes, don't specify one. Parted is moving away from handling file systems, the stuff relating to filesystems at the moment should be avoided.


Connecting to VMWare Workstation Server crashes the service

It's looking like the problem is that my version of VMWare isn't quite compatible with Ubuntu 20.04.


Should I do a direct upgrade from 16.04 to 19.04?

There is no way to upgrade directly from 16.04 to 19.04
Ubuntu only allows upgrade to the immediately next version with one exception. The exception is for Long Term Support (LTS) versions. You can upgrade one LTS version to the immediate next LTS version as well.
Ubuntu 16.04 is LTS
When Ubuntu 16.10 came out in October of 2016, you could upgrade Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to 16.10 (non-LTS). However, the non-LTS versions are supported only for 9 months. That is, in July of 2017 Ubuntu 16.10 reached the end of its life. From that point onward you couldn't upgrade Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to any non-LTS versions.
If you upgrade from 16.04 LTS to 18.04 LTS, there is still no direct way to get to 19.04. The only non-LTS upgrade from 18.04 LTS was to 18.10. So you will have to get to 19.04 in three steps:
16.04 LTS > 18.04 LTS > 18.10 non-LTS > 19.04 non-LTS.
One option is to upgrade to 18.04 LTS.
I recommend this, as non-LTS versions reach the end of life in a short nine months. After the end of life, Ubuntu 19.04 will not get any security (or other) updates. If you don't upgrade Ubuntu 19.04 to 19.10 within the first three months after 19.10 comes out in October of 2019, then you will be left with an obsolete version of Ubuntu and no path to upgrade it any further (other than a clean install).
LTS get released every two years. Once you are in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, you will able to upgrade to 20.04 LTS in next April.
Other option is to clean Install Ubuntu 19.04
You can backup your data and install Ubuntu 19.04 when the final version is released later this month.
Hope this helps


I've had similar problems and found that zeroing out the live usb with dd before reformatting prevents such issues:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sd[x]

where x should be replaced by the letter of the usb device (e.g. sdb)


How do I get Ubuntu server 14.04 to display after installation on virtual box

If you press enter, you will see the login prompt. This is text mode.

The server versions of Ubuntu do not have a GUI to show "Icons" You need you follow these steps shown on the Ubuntu ServerGUI wiki to get that setup


This is available on the free version.

On the main welcome tab of AnyDesk, simply right click on the red icon in the "This Desk" card on the left hand side. This is the same UI component that shows you default AnyDesk address.

For example, the UI presents the option as so

I did this on the second run of AnyDesk. I had original tried looking at the service.conf file though I saw nothing relating to the alias name. You are also not prompted on the first run to set the alias (AFAIK) under Ubuntu; even though the AnyDesk help page on the topic says you will be.


You can do it at the moment you init the container:

lxc init <image> <name> -s <pool>

I you have already created you containers in other pool, you need to stop them, publish as images, delete original containers and init them in new storage pool:

lcx stop c1
lxc lxc publish -f c1 --alias c1
lxc delete c1
lxc init c1 c1 -s <new pool>
lxc start c1
lxc image delete c1


You'll need some software like ImgBurn.

However, there is an easier method if you have a USB drive, by using Rufus to copy the ISO to USB.

Here is what you should do (based on a screenshot from Rufus webpage):

Select your device (USB stick) from the first combobox
click the button (1) and select the ISO from Downloads
Click Start (2)
Wait for it to finish
Restart PC and boot from USB (you should keep pressing a key when you see the POST screen)
If you can't read this Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI


Here's couple of suggestions you could try through either command line or grub -> Advanced Options for Ubuntu -> recovery shell (just remember to remount your system with sudo mount -o rw,remount / once you get there):

Change permissions and ownership on .Xauthority file in your home folder. Refer to this for more info. In fact, check permissions on all the files and your home folder itself
Reconfigure your keyboard layout . Remember how you executed dpkg --configure -a ? perhaps you affected something that has to do with the keyboard layout and even though you type correct password, you may be typing it on wrong layout
Make new user with adduser newusername, set password for it with passwd newusername, and see if it lets that user log in. If it does, it's most likely something related to your account. You could chown your old home folder and files to recover them and eventually abandon your old account.


Is there a free VPN service that works on Ubuntu?

VPN One Click is free (for one year) for Linux, Windows and Android.


i think everytime you are selecting the photo from folder/directory in the partition other than in which ubuntu is installed. So these partitions have to be first mounted after starting the system.I suggest you should move your photos to a directory in your pictures in /home or anywhere else in /home.


Ubuntu can't detect all windows drives as well as external drives

Caine, as far as folder sharing is concerned with Ubuntu and Windows, what I usually do to make the drive accessible in Linux is install ntfs-3g or ntfs-config.

More information on this wiki page https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MountingWindowsPartitions%C2%A0


I had the same issue  on Ubuntu 14.04.4 and I have the set the values in /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini as below.

You can also edit /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/zabbix.conf which is simlink to /etc/zabbix/apache.conf:

php_value max_execution_time 300
php_value memory_limit 128M
php_value post_max_size 16M
php_value upload_max_filesize 2M
php_value max_input_time 300
php_value always_populate_raw_post_data -1
php_value date.timezone America/Denver


I'd have to agree with danijelc's comment and expand on it: auslogics can't work through Wine. This sort of system utility is designed to fix Windows. Wine isn't the same thing.

No direct access to filesystems to defragment them (Wine abstracts everything)
Even if you could con it into scanning a raw disk, Auslogics probably won't understand the filesystems you try to pass it
Registry access will only give you access to a Wine registry which shouldn't be too bad anyway. If it is that clogged up, consider starting a clean prefix.