what does it mean to 'configure a network'?

A computer network consists of computer devices that are connected, so configuring a network would mean performing the necessary configuration of those devices to achieve the defined requirements for that network, which could involve hardware configuration(plugging cables, installing network interfaces) as well as software configuration(setting up rules for routers, configuring network services on hosts). Basically, it can be a lot of different stuff.

The linked instructions assume basic knowledge of computer networking, like what is the TCP/IP stack or OSI model and how they interoperate, which is part of the minimum knowledge for an entry-level position in a computer networking realated career, basics in other words. If you don't want to be confused, first that I suggest for you is filling in those blanks. I believe this article on howstuffworks.com explains it in sufficient detail without requiring much domain-specific knowledge. You can try looking for other network-related articles there or in other places on the web. Additional suggestion of mine is webopedia.com for looking up meaning of network-related terms terms explained in a simple language.

The instructions you linked describe just the software configuration that might be required to do on an Ubuntu device to ensure it is properly connected to a network, assuming all other devices are already set up properly. So, this configuration is necessary for your device to know how to connect to the network. Quick run-down of highlights:

Checking current network configuration via commands and by looking at confguration files
DNS configuration(where to look up IP addresses for website names)
Interface configuration. Ethernet interface for example is where you plug in your ethernet cable. An IP address actually contains two datum: Network address and the device's address in that network. There is no unified boundary for every case between them. Subnet mask is used to determine where the former ends and latter begins. A network gateway is a gateway of sorts between your devices network and other networks. It routes communication back-and-forth between your device and devices in other networks. It is usually a dedicated device called router. The gateway address in the network is usually 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 by default, but default configuration could've been modified, so it's better to verify it yourself, either by checking what is the gateway address on other devices that are already connected to the network, or if you're its owner and/or the one who sets up the network by accessing router's configuration interface. How it's done varies between manufacturers, so it's better to consult the product user's guide, but often a web interface is available by connecting to the router directly with an Ethernet port and accessing some specific IP address or domain name in web browser. Watch out for unaffiliated domains.
Change name that identifies your device.


connect via netcat and send messages in bash script

I have found a way to do this here: Send Commands to socket using netcat
You have to put the messages you want to send in a textfile (lets say msg.txt) and then
nc localhost [pseudoport] < msg.txt

The text file should look like this:
message1
message2
message3
...

Every message has to be in a new line.
The link I posted has a better explanation why this has to be done the way it is done here (there is no explanation in the duplicate article).


How do I install/uninstall software when I am not the administrator?

Your best option would be to reinstall ubuntu. If the person is a friend you could ask for the password. Otherwise there is the possibility that some form of malware was added to the installation. follow one of the many guides online to backing up your files and reinstalling ubuntu.


I resolved this issue on my system by going to Settings -> Displays -> Scale = 100% -> Apply
It appears that having a scale other than 100% will cause the installer to not work properly.


XEN works with Wubi. When you install ubuntu-xen-server all you need do is change the /boot/xen parameters to /wubi/boot/xen in the primary operating system (so in this case Windows 7 and not the Wubi install). That should be the only thing you need to do.

But most manuals regarding XEN expect you have a dual boot kind of setup and not Wubi so if you do re-install I would go for a normal Ubuntu install.


Where is "session sufficient pam_lsass.so" and the "/usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-unity-greeter.conf"

According to man pam.conf, sufficient and optional have longer equivalents:

sufficient
   [success=done new_authtok_reqd=done default=ignore]

optional
   [success=ok new_authtok_reqd=ok default=ignore]

The guide changes sufficient to  [success=ok default=ignore], which is close to optional, so I think what it really wants to achieve is change sufficient to optional. Since the current configuration already uses optional, there's nothing for you to do in this step. If you would like to follow the guide exactly, simply change optional to [success=ok default=ignore].


Older Nvidia cards no longer get along with 14.04.02

After updating to 14.04.2 you should probably take advantage of the hardware enablement stack (I've had pretty good results using nvidia-304 so far):

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

To install the kernel 3.16* version (utopic), do the following:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall nvidia-304/trusty linux-generic-lts-utopic xserver-xorg-lts-utopic libegl1-mesa-drivers-lts-utopic xserver-xorg-video-all-lts-utopic xserver-xorg-input-all-lts-utopic

To install the kernel 3.19* version (vivid), do this instead:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall nvidia-304/trust linux-generic-lts-vivid xserver-xorg-lts-vivid libegl1-mesa-drivers-lts-vivid xserver-xorg-video-all-lts-vivid xserver-xorg-input-all-lts-vivid

or you could install both to find out which gets the best results for you.

Reboot and choose "advanced options for ubuntu" when you get to the grub menu. Then, select which kernel to use and press ENTER.

Additionally, you can use

sudo apt-mark hold <packagename>

to prevent upgrades of any specific package so you can keep application version and still allow other system updates.

To change things back to default, run:

sudo apt-mark unhold <packagename>

to unhold the application.


I recently solved similar problem on my Ubuntu by following this guide:
http://en.newinstance.it/2010/01/08/3g-usb-stick-on-ubuntu/


It seems that there are packaging errors between two (16.04 and 18.04) releases.

So we can force installation of these packages:

sudo dpkg -i --force-all /var/cache/apt/archives/libkf5sane5_17.12.3-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all /var/cache/apt/archives/libqtav1_1.12.0+ds-4build3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all /var/cache/apt/archives/libqtavwidgets1_1.12.0+ds-4build3_amd64.deb

And then resume package installation with

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install -f

For sure upgrade all package dependencies and reinstall your packages with

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libkf5sane5 libqtav1 libqtavwidgets1


installed ubuntu-desktop on ubbuntu server AND: startx requires sudo startx

Indeed the problem was related to .xauthority being in // which is not accessible by a normal user.  I never found where the "default" setting was located, but thought about why it might be there when it is not supposed to be, and I did not specifically point it there.

I began to think about what was different that might cause the issue.  So although I had followed what I thought was a careful explanation for changing my user name and home directory, I skipped a step... setting my new home directory with usermod.

So, sure enough when I examined $HOME, it was looking at my old directory with the username that no longer existed as I had changed the directory name to match my new user name.

Once I corrected that issue.  All works as it should.


Ubuntu 15.10 Suspend / Resume blackscreen caused by Broadcom driver after no-internet install

Replacing the Broadcom wireless card that came with my XPS 15 with an Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 8260 worked for me - I can finally resume my system after being suspended.

Notes:

The Broadcom card is 3x3 and the Intel is 2x2, so replacing the Broadcom with the Intel would leave 1 antenna disconnected
I used this video as reference when switching the wireless cards


How do I disable my laptops builtin keyboard?

Please refer to:
How to get Xorg to ignore certain input devices?

  Input devices are now managed in /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/ (in 10.04 Lucid, the directory is /usr/lib/X11/xorg.conf.d/).
  This directory contains configuration rules for all your input devices:

  root@3000-G530:/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d# ls
  10-evdev.conf      50-vmmouse.conf  51-synaptics-quirks.conf
  50-synaptics.conf  50-wacom.conf    60-magictrackpad.conf

  You fist need to find your input device there, note that those files are "rules" matching a number of possible devices. 50-wacom.conf for example will handle every wacom device. Look throgh them to find which one is responsible for your device, or create your own.
  To disable a device:

  Add the option Option "Ignore" "true" to the relevant configuration file.

  Open the file with root privileges (i.e. press Alt+F2 and type gksu gedit) and add this option to the others.

  Log out and back in for the changes to take effect.


launcher problem after installing the nvidia driver

Revert back to open source nouveau (driver for nvidia). Why you installed nvidia additional driver ? Did you have any problem(s) with the nouveau ?

If you want to revert back execute below commands with order.

sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia-*
sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf #if file does not exit is OK#
sudo apt-get install nvidia-common ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-video-nouveau
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

and reboot your PC.

If you want the nvidia additional (restricted) drivers and the nvidia-current or nvidia-current-updates not working for you , then try the experimental ones.

Nvidia-experimental-304 , terminal installation

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-headers-generic
sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-source dkms
sudo apt-get install nvidia-experimental-304 nvidia-settings-experimental-304
sudo nvidia-xconfig

and reboot your PC.

Nvidia-experimental-310 terminal installation after nvidia-experimental-304 has been installed

sudo apt-get remove nvidia-*
sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf
sudo apt-get install nvidia-experimental-310 nvidia-settings-experimental-310
sudo nvidia-xconfig

Before install any additional Nvidia driver please see here what graphic cards supported. Click upon the driver you want to install and then supported products.


Cant install chrome no matter what I try. DPKG keeps returning errors

Fixed it.

sudo apt-get --reinstall install network-manager


Will the launcher use Intellihide by default?

The current plan is that it will be intelli-hide for large screens, fixed in place for netbooks, with an option to change it. That might well be changed to be intelli-hide for all devices by release, based on user testing as the implementation matures.


for my backup I use luckybackup software. It is very handily and gives you the possibility to copy and paste the command so if you want you can write your own script.
You have a lot of options:

sync the source inside the destination
sync source and destination
scheduled backups
avoid some folder inside your source
...and more

Hope this help.


Laptop not waking up from suspend in Ubuntu 16.04

Ran into the same thing with Ubuntu 17.10 on an Asus X550J laptop. Originally had upgraded from 17.04, tried to a clean install of 17.10. Tried all of the various driver suggestions; updating grub; etc. Finally found the solution -- BIOS settings.

On Asus computers you boot into BIOS settings by holding down the Escape key while the computer powers up. Once in BIOS tab to the Advanced settings and you'll see Wake on Lid Open and Power Off Energy Saving. I disabled both of those, rebooted, and now I can finally shut the lid on the laptop without it just powering off the system or getting frozen.

Your BIOS shortcut key and settings may differ but worth looking for something similar. Hope that helps someone else avoid some hair pulling.


US international keyboard on Ubuntu 20.04

US International with dead keys is out there, but as stated previously, itś not very intuitive to find.
First step, go to Settings -> Region & Language and then click on + sign of Input Sources

After double-click English (United States)

and voilà!

Hope it helps someone!


I don't know why you don't want to use CCSM. Anyway, there is indeed an alternative to CCSM to adjust the number of rows/columns in the workspaces.
Install gconf-editor either from the software center or through the terminal using this command:
    sudo apt-get install gconf-editor

And as the picture depicts, you can edit the hsize and vsize of the workspace you have.

Alternatively, you can change the number of workspaces through terminal.

Go to the dash and open the Terminal.
To change the number of rows, type the following command, changing the final number to the number you wish. Press Enter.

gconftool-2 --type=int --set /apps/compiz-1/general/screen0/options/vsize 2

To change the number of columns, type the following command, changing the final number to the number you wish. Press Enter.

gconftool-2 --type=int --set /apps/compiz-1/general/screen0/options/hsize 2


It doesn't look like there is much information online for that particular device. I would assume that it isn't yet possible to install Ubuntu Touch on it yet.

If you are looking for a device to buy, you would probably be much better off looking here at the supported devices.


Don't use MBR on a disk with over 2^32 sectors (2TiB, assuming 512-byte logical sectors)!

MBR uses 32-bit sector pointers, so anything with more than 2^32 sectors is simply incompatible with MBR -- or at least, MBR tops out at 2^32 sectors, so you won't be able to use the full capacity of the disk, as you've discovered. There are hackish workarounds that can be used to get up to about twice that capacity, but they're unreliable, especially if the disk is to be used across multiple OSes. (As a side note, you seem to be confusing TB and TiB; they aren't the same. See this page for details.)

Instead, use the GUID Partition Table to partition the disk. You can do this with GPT fdisk (gdisk, sgdisk, or cgdisk), or with most libparted-based tools (parted, GParted, and others). Recent versions of fdisk also support GPT, but Ubuntu 14.04 doesn't yet provide that version. (I think one of the later non-LTS releases does, but I don't recall when it was introduced, in Ubuntu version terms.) GPT fdisk is a GPT-specific tool modeled after fdisk, and so uses GPT by default. The others require explicit commands to use GPT rather than MBR.

If you plan to boot from the disk, you should either switch from BIOS-mode to EFI-mode booting (if your computer supports it) or add a BIOS Boot Partition to the disk. The former approach will also require an EFI System Partition (ESP). Switching to EFI-mode booting is preferable, if your computer supports that option. If you're not booting from the disk, you don't need to worry about this; just partition and use it as you see fit.


Can I switch from Ubuntu 14.04 to Lubuntu without losing my data and installed programs?

The best way is to install lubuntu from scratch, but you will need to install applications again. You can install lubuntu desktop by running

sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop

But some Ubuntu services will keep starting and making the system slow.

And yes, all applications will work on lubuntu. And terminal commands are same.


16.04 clang: bad selection of gcc toolchain

Fixed after installing clang 4.0 (this didn't fix the issue by itself), removing rests of clang 3.8, gccgo, and reinstalling GCC 5 from the same packages. Now it selects the proper version.

Due to lack of select algorithm details I can't say exactly what of them caused this result. Anyway, it works.


Wired Connection: Device Not Ready/Cable Unplugged

Try using the cable that connects from your router to your switch  to connect the system directly to the router. You may have a bad cable between the switch and the system or you may have dropped a port on your switch. The indicator light doesn't guarantee a proper connection on all pairs. Based on the excessive number of errors in your question this is the first place to look.


Stop Ubuntu asking for password to mount second drive

Add "user" to your mount options to allow any user to mount the partition.  Your mount options in your image are just above the "Mount Point" label, on an unlabeled line starting "nosuid,...  You also seem to have something inconsistent on the location of the mount.  Did you want it under /mnt or under /media?  The /etc/fstab file is the location for what typically gets automounted, but you seem to have a GUI to edit it.  A second mount mechanism is through your desktop and typically mounts things under /media//.  Your image also seems to indicate a /dev/sdb1 mount using this mechanism, but I'm not sure that's the same as the uuid identified device.


How to set hard drive spindown while plugged into AC power on Ubuntu Server 16.04

Use the standby timer setting ( -S ).  It does not know or care about batteries.


Desktop guide for 11.04 provides incorrect information

This is a known bug and is being worked on: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/753072

GNOME completely rewrote the user help but this new version was only officially released about 10 days ago. We are off to a late start but I believe we'll have the essential help converted to describe the Ubuntu interface by Ubuntu 11.04's release.

If you'd like to help, consider joining the Ubuntu Documentation Team.


Wired connection and ad-hoc wireless at the same time

One thing you should not do is point the gateway to your own IP. The gateway tells the system how to route to any IP address not in any of the subnets to which it is directly connected. Normally this is the route to "the Internet", so should not be present for a connection to an internal network unless the route to the Internet is on a host on that network. So remove the gateway line from your definition of wlan0.

There may be multiple things wrong here, so this might not be the only change needed to fix your problem.


Have you tried just reinstalling the package.

sudo apt-get remove --purge skype

sudo apt-get install skype


How to mirror laptop and external monitor with Cinnamon desktop?

It's possible to switch the resolution to the least common multiple and position the screens on top of each other. The result is mirroring.


How do I write an iptables rule to limit Internet bandwidth usage of user or IP address

You basically asked two questions. The answers are:

No, you can't limit bandwidth using iptables. iptables is more of a firewall like thing which uses IP addressing as its mode of functioning. You can use the built-in program "tc" (traffic control) to fulfill your need of restricting the bandwidth. Many ISPs use tc to control their bandwidth. Usage of tc is complex, see the manpage of tc to get basic ideas.
You can use the command "arp -n" to see the MAC addresses of the connected hosts along with their IP addresses. So if you use your server as the gateway to the Internet then by using "arp -n" you'll see the MAC & IP addresses of all the devices of the local network currently connected to the server and also the MAC addresses & IP addresses of the server itself.


How to install and configure Rocket.chat using snap?

If you're in the same machine you installed rocketchat, the address is actually https://localhost:3000. You'll have access to the server for configuration.


Can I increase space through the Windows 7 partition

It is risky operation, especially when you are really almost out of space. You may lost or damage your data, but if you want to try it, use some LiveCD with GParted (or install gparted when on liveCD system).

Also, you can use

df -h

command in terminal to check available space in your system. Check

df -i

too. If any of output will be around 100% in USE column, you can post it.


When I create a screenshot, the menus do not appear

This question is answered here.

ScreenShot/PrintScreen doesn't work with menus dropped down!


Ubuntu touch – /etc/fstab resets after every restart

We can use /lib/init/fstab. But before we should set a system partition as writable:

sudo android-gadget-service enable writable

After rebooting we can edit /lib/init/fstab with sudo nano or sudo vim, for example we can add this string:

/dev/mmcblk1p2  /home/phablet/mnt/sd      ext2            defaults,noatime,nodiratime,errors=remount-ro 0 2

to mount ext2 partition on sd card. Then, we make system partition read-only again: sudo rm /userdata/.writable_image and reboot.

Of course, after getting new OTA we should repeat it again.

Standard /etc/fstab is mystical in ubuntu-touch, mounting (binding) to tmpfs and seems is generated on-the-fly or just in starting. But /lib/init/fstab works well.


skype-wrapper has not been uploaded for vivid. You may want to open Software & Updates, switch to the Other Software tab, and edit the skype-wrapper entry by replacing "vivid" with "trusty".


Ubuntu 12.10 screen starts flickering after reboot

It's a kernel-related issue of kernel versions >=3.6.10 with your hardware.
Please report that the bug affects also you on Launchpad:
Launchpad bug 1123024
This will rise the priority of the bug.


polkit asks for password constantly while looking at wifi settings

This worked for me!
Create a new file and name it: 10-network-manager.pkla
Copy and paste these lines inside the file.
[Let user thaki modify system settings for network]
Identity=unix-user:[YOUR_USER_NAME]
Action=org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.settings.modify.system
ResultAny=no
ResultInactive=no
ResultActive=yes

Note: replace [YOUR_USER_NAME] with your current username.
Now, you need to copy this file to
/etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/

You may need to restart or log out.
Hope this will solve the problem.


How can i install Mu micropython editor in ubuntu?

There is no easy method, I did the following

1) Downloaded the zip file from  https://github.com/mu-editor/mu

2) unzipped it. In a terminal type

cd ~/Downloads
unzip mu-master.zip

3) got the relevant python packages

sudo apt install python3-pip
sudo apt-get install python3-setuptools
sudo apt-get install python3-dev

4) Install it with pip3, pip3 doesn't like being ran with sudo

cd ~/Downloads/mu-master
sudo su
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
make clean
exit

5) all users who use Mu need to be in group dialout

sudo usermod -a -Gdialout user-name

6) Test it

cd ~/Downloads/mu-master
./run.py

7) Put it 'live', somewhere on $PATH

sudo mv ~/Dowloads/mu-master /usr/local/bin
cd /usr/local/bin
sudo ln -s mu-master/run.py Mu

I have called the executable Mu as there are other linux programs called mu

8) You also need to do the following

sudo apt-get install python3-pyqt5
sudo apt-get install python3-pyqt5.qsci
sudo apt-get install python3-pyqt5.qtserialport


Where to get ubuntu linux kernel source package?

There is a git repository for Ubuntu kernels.

It is http://kernel.ubuntu.com/git/ubuntu/

To get sources using git run

git clone git://kernel.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-xenial.git

For instance you can get Ubuntu 16.04 kernel sources from http://kernel.ubuntu.com/git/ubuntu/ubuntu-xenial.git

17.04 sources are at http://kernel.ubuntu.com/git/ubuntu/ubuntu-zesty.git


I can't install Lubuntu 18.04.2 alongside Windows 10

Boot into windows and go to disk management

Select the disk > right click > select shrink volume option

You will be able to see the new space when installing Ubuntu.


xorriso turned out to be a bad guess. My guess which seemed to work was to install using EFI. Installing in legacy boot mode for the install USB resulted in an HD without an EFIboot partition. The problem was, I could only see my custom install menu when booting from legacy mode.

So, I needed a way to do an EFI install using my preseed file. I looked through the grub files on the USB installer and compared them to the GRUB menu I was seeing in EFI boot, and found that the boot/grub/grub.cfg file matched. So I added the following entry:

menuentry "Install My Custom Thingy" {
    set gfxpayload=keep
    linux   /install/vmlinuz  file=/cdrom/preseed/my_custom.seed quiet --
    initrd  /install/initrd.gz
}

This got everything working.


Solved it by deleting .Xauthority files in home directory.


Yes you can tweak Nautilus.
You can put scripts at the folder ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/ and you will see then when you right click on a file or a folder. At G-scripts you will find some instructions and examples.

R Srijith has made a send to script that you can begin with.


how can I delete the partly dowloaded app data

Easy fix. Nothing was installed on your computer, only the .deb file (or whatever Ubuntu uses, I never cared enough to actually pay attention) was downloaded into the cache folder that apt-get uses.

Type sudo apt-get clean then
          sudo ap-get autoclean and finally
         sudo apt-get autoremove.

The first command is probably the only one you really need but just as a matter of course I always run all three in order.

apt-get clean cleans out the local repository
apt-get autoclean clears out the local repository of retrieved package files
apt-get autoremove removes packages that were automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are no longer needed.


Can i remove /initrd.img and /vmlinuz in root?

If you haven't seen them before, it's because you never looked.

– @deadflowr on "vmlinuz and initrd.img symbolic links in / directory" at Ubuntu Forums

The /vmlinuz and /initrd.img symlinks point to the latest
compressed Linux kernel executable and initial RAM disk, respectively, and their *.old counterparts are the symlinks to the preceeding version. If you dig around in your GRUB configuration (found at /boot/grub/grub.cfg), you will find that there is no reference to /vmlinuz or /initrd.img, rather the original file.

menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-2290c2ad-8832-4d80-a82d-e966d73c23e9' {
    recordfail
    load_video
    gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    insmod gzio
    if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root  2290c2ad-8832-4d80-a82d-e966d73c23e9
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 2290c2ad-8832-4d80-a82d-e966d73c23e9
    fi
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-23-generic root=UUID=2290c2ad-8832-4d80-a82d-e966d73c23e9 ro  console=tty1 console=ttyS0
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-23-generic
}

Output of ls -l / provided for context.

lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    33 Jun 20 06:57 initrd.img -> boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-23-generic
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    33 May 22 10:54 initrd.img.old -> boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-22-generic
...
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    30 Jun 20 06:57 vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-23-generic
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    30 May 22 10:54 vmlinuz.old -> boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-22-generic

Because your grub.cfg is auto-updated with each kernel release, it is much safer to reference the actual file than a symlink (in case it is deleted or changed). But if you are doing some of your own modifications to the grub.cfg (not recommended because they might get overwritten), /vmlinuz or /initrd.img can be used to your convenience as a link to the latest kernel images.

Is it safe to delete them? Yeah, but they will get recreated when/if you update your kernel (using apt upgrade) or update your GRUB (update-grub).

Read more

"vmlinuz and initrd.img symbolic links in / directory" at Ubuntu Forums
"Anatomy of the initrd and vmlinuz" by
Munshi Hafizul Haque of IBM


Can not install openssh-server on Ubuntu 16.04

Try to perform a apt update before :

apt-get clean
apt-get update
apt-get install openssh-server

I was getting the same error and I didn't need to change the server.


Can't install Ubuntu because of 'error fsyncing/closing/dev/mmcblk0rpmb: input/output'

I had the same problem. I have a feeling that it is probably a corrupt .iso file. I was having problems with the mate 64 bit Mint 17.3. I then downloaded xubuntu and using the same USB was able to have my laptop ASUS E402MA up and running without any problems. Hope this helps.


Error on "Updates and other software" when trying to install Ubuntu 20.04 desktop

Never mind. I ended up getting an SSD and after installing that I managed to dual boot Windows and Ubuntu


Root shell is not helping in recovering access to administrator account whose password I have lost

If you can access the root partition from another system, e.g. a live CD, you can as root from there edit /etc/shadow; first you have to chmod u+w shadow. Find the entry for root, it's probably the first one and looks something like this:

root:$6$asdG0[..etc...]ae/:15666:0:99999:7:::

Erase everything between the first two colons so you end up with:

root::15666:0:99999:7:::

Then chmod u-w shadow. You can now reboot the system and root will have no password. You can just type root at the login prompt and it won't ask for one. You can then use passwd to set one.

Edit 1

Boot to the Live media. Open a terminal. Find out the device name for your primary disk. sudo fdisk-l will list all partitions.Like /dev/sda1
Mount this somewhere so we can use it:

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

Then change directory

sudo cd /mnt/etc

change privilage

sudo chmod u+w shadow

edit file like I write

from

root:$6$asdG0[..etc...]ae/:15666:0:99999:7:::

to

root::15666:0:99999:7:::

then

u-w shadow

Reboot


I want the Firefox icon on the launcher to open a new window if there is no Firefox window open on the current workspace

The launcher already is configured that way:

Hold down Shift while clicking the Firefox Icon, and you get a new Instance, instead of switching to the current one..

If you need more help with Unitys functions, hold down the super key and wait for the Help to pop up.

Have Fun.


I recreated my root partition using fdisk (resized it), but now the filesystem is corrupt

No, you cannot do it on a live filesystem. I cross my fingers that using fdisk on a live partition did not completely damage it. Always perform such operations from the system booted from LiveCD / rescue CD / other partition. Partition may not be writeable during that operation.

Do not jump to my instructions immediately; maybe someone will come up with a better plan. I include these instructions just in case no one else responds.

Start the system using LiveCD and go to rescue mode. Resize the partition as planned using resize2fs. Try to mount the resized partition and see whether it works. If you have anything valuable (i.e., other than OS / software), back it up immediately. If everything went OK, try to reboot.


tail has the -f option:

From the man page:

  -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
                output appended data as the file grows; -f, --follow,
  and --follow=descriptor are equivalent

Thus if you type:

tail -f [path_and_name_of_logfile] - you will see the output in the terminal as the log file itself is appended to.

N.B. [path_and_name_of_logfile] is the parameter, so to give an example:

tail -f /var/log/messages

If you combine with the -n [number_of_lines] option you can start the output from the last [number_of_lines] in the file - for example

tail -n 10 -f /var/log/Xorg.0.log

Some programs will periodically change their log file, moving the old one to a new name (e.g. log.0) and starting over.

N.B. logrotate does this to log files for other programs that don't do it themselves.

tail -f will continue to follow the old file after it's renamed.

tail -F will follow the file by name, so will switch to follow the new file.


How do I uninstall/remove "Unity Websites Integration" from Firefox Extensions?

Type about:config into the address bar

Accept the "I solemnly swear i am up to no good" question;
search for: unity
finds: "ul.use_unity_menubar"  "user set"  "boolean"  "true",
double click line to change to false: "ul.use_unity_menubar"  "user set"  "boolean"  "false"

restart firefox, boom, you have the menu back on the window.

If you don't know about about:config, google about:config or maybe "firefox about:config" or just put it in your firefox address bar: about:config as a website.  Like anything useful, about:config is dangerous.  That potential to do great harm also means it has the potential to great good.  Odd thing about useful stuff.


My printer in /dev/usb/lp0 always disappear after few seconds, and can't print, how to fix it? (Ubuntu 14.04)

I give up trying this. It is not working either with 16.04 LTS which is using 4.4 linux kernel.

And on Windows 8.1 with proper driver ended with failed too.

Here I am finally using BSD (OpenBSD, NetBSD, and another BSD-based) succesfully working. On BSD, it is mounted as ulpt0.

It's a dead end trying on other Linux (Debian-based, Arch, RedHat, blabla).

So, at the end I use BSD to work this out.


How to configure bridge network through WiFi with 18.04 host with netplan in order for bridge adapter to work with VirtualBox?

I am not familiar with netplan, but presumably this creates connection profiles for NetworkManager.

A WiFi connection profile in NetworkManager must always specify an SSID. That means, you cannot create a WiFi profiles that isn't tied to a particular network. That makes sense (??), because the profile essentially contains the parameters necessary to connect to the WiFi network. As these parameters commonly differ between networks (except for open networks), you need a profile per network.

In NetworkManager, the properties to enslave the device to a bridge (connextion.slave-type and connection.master) are also part of the connection profile.

In netplan, if you specify a WiFi network, this could only map to the entity which NetworkManager understands: the profile. Since you specify no SSIDs, it cannot create any profiles and fails.

It's unclear what netplan or NetworkManager could do better here.


I managed to solve it. It was caused by a file I made trying to make natural mouse scrolling for every application. I tried to find the tutorial that I followed to post it here but failed to find it. I will update this if I come across it.


Ubuntu fails to boot on a dualboot system

Need more information.
You mention BIOS but Windows 8. Is this really a Windows 8 system with UEFI or a system you manually installed yourself so Windows 8 may be in BIOS boot mode?

How did you shutdown Ubuntu? Forcing it down may corrupt file system and need a fsck or Windows may need chkdsk from your Windows repairCD*

From liveCD so everything is unmounted,swap off if necessary, change example shown with partition sdb1 to your partition(s)
e2fsck is used to check the ext2/ext3/ext4 family of file systems. -p trys fixes where response not required

sudo e2fsck -C0 -p -f -v /dev/sdb1

if errors: -y auto answers yes for fixes needing response, also see man e2fsck

sudo e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sdb1


Stuck on splash screen after 15.10 upgrade (on a mac)

No help needed now that I figured out my own answer but this may be a good answer for anyone else looking.

It's as simple as rebooting to the target disk utility (holding alt) at startup, and once in OS X, rebless the startup disk to target rEFInd.

Once you have blessed the EFI location and booted to rEFInd boot manager, find the proper startup option that works for you. It may take a few tries, but that's about all it takes to work.


How do I kill Empathy and get it to show its main window?

Did you try clicking "Chat" in the messaging menu (the little envelope icon next to the clock)? It should show the contacts list from where you can open any hidden message windows and change the settings concerning hiding and showing of windows.


I think I'm using radeon instead of amdgpu? How do I change?

The new way of doing this does not involve blacklisting any modules. You only have to send two parameters to the kernel:

For Caribbean Islands GPUs

radeon.cik_support=0 amdgpu.cik_support=1

For Sea Islands GPUs

radeon.si_support=0 amdgpu.si_support=1

I personally like to add it as default, so I edit /etc/default/grub, and then I add the kernel parameters to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT, like this:

# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
#   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="radeon.cik_support=0 amdgpu.cik_support=1 radeon.si_support=0 amdgpu.si_support=1"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"

# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console

# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true

# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"

Remember to run update-grub and reboot the system so the changes take effect.

I can confirm this works for a 390x running Ubuntu since 17.10. Also tried 18.04, 18.10, 19.04, 19.10, 20.04 since I keep using it as they get released. (I believe you can also do the same on 17.04)

Alternatively, if you want to enable the new Dynamic Power Management and Display Code experimental support, you need to also add the following lines

amdgpu.dc=1
amdgpu.dpm=1

For more information regarding DC code check this link:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/AMDGPU#AMD_DC

From my personal experience with a 390x card, DC code was unstable and I had to disable it to get an stable kernel. I haven't retried to enable it in the last couple of months so I don't know if this bug in DC was fixed.


Install AnyDesk in Ubuntu Server Raspberry PI 4 image via Terminal

at step 3, cd into where you downloaded anydesk deb file, and use:
sudo gdebi anydesk_6.0.1-1_armhf.deb (6.0.1-1 is the actual last version available)
gdebi will solve all the dependencies missing for you.
if you don't have it, just run: sudo apt install gdebi


Ron provided a link to htop output to human readable file and a quote from the top-voted answer by the developer of htop.

However, a little further down on the same page, there's a solution which uses ANSI to HTML conversion. Briefly, install aha from the software center and then run:

echo q | htop | aha --black --line-fix > htop.html

Here's what the first few lines look like:

  1  [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||                                    42.9%]     Tasks: 73, 251 thr; 1 running
  2  [||||||                                                                7.1%]     Load average: 0.28 0.32 0.32
  Mem[||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||                              581/3916MB]     Uptime: 03:09:25
  Swp[                                                                  0/4056MB]
  PID USER      PRI  NI  VIRT   RES   SHR S CPU% MEM%   TIME+  Command
 9785 dkb        20   0 31544  2464  1312 R 22.2  0.1  0:00.09 htop
 3503 dkb        20   0 1065M 59684 16344 S  7.4  1.5  6:25.43 mpv --profile=pseudo-gui -- file:///home/dkb/Downloads/ONX
    1 root       20   0 33760  3088  1488 S  0.0  0.1  0:01.62 /sbin/init
  276 root       20   0 19472   652   460 S  0.0  0.0  0:00.19 upstart-udev-bridge --daemon
  281 root       20   0 52592  2640  1016 S  0.0  0.1  0:00.76 /lib/systemd/systemd-udevd --daemon
  577 root       20   0 15256   632   388 S  0.0  0.0  0:00.05 upstart-socket-bridge --daemon
  662 root       20   0 15272   416   200 S  0.0  0.0  0:00.04 upstart-file-bridge --daemon
  677 syslog     20   0  249M  1304   836 S  0.0  0.0  0:00.01 rsyslogd
  678 syslog     20   0  249M  1304   836 S  0.0  0.0  0:00.00 rsyslogd
  679 syslog     20   0  249M  1304   836 S  0.0  0.0  0:00.02 rsyslogd
  675 syslog     20   0  249M  1304   836 S  0.0  0.0  0:00.04 rsyslogd
  680 messagebu  20   0 39860  1968  1044 S  0.0  0.0  0:00.52 dbus-daemon --system --fork


Installing Ubuntu 12.04 / 13.10 on G505 laptop with AMD A4-5000

There are numerous existing "black screen on boot" questions and answers on this site, such as:

My computer boots to a black screen, what options do I have to fix it?
Ubuntu 13.04 on UEFI system hangs at black screen
https://askubuntu.com/questions/260793/uefi-boot-results-in-a-black-screen
Black screen after GRUB, can't install. UEFI
Dual boot problem, black screen during the ubuntu boot

Unfortunately, this problem has multiple causes, so a solution for one computer may not work for another. Two particularly common solutions are to add nomodeset as a kernel option (using GRUB or whatever other boot loader you're using) and to hit the screen brightness key to bring up the brightness (which sometimes comes up completely dimmed). FWIW, my new Lenovo has the latter issue, but compiling a 3.12.6 kernel from source code fixed it. (I did this to get Wi-Fi working, but it had the side benefit of fixing the black-screen glitch.)


Complete re-write... from the comments...

re: SMART says pre-fail

on Raw Read Error Rate, Reallocated sector ct, and Seek Error rate.

Backup your data and replace the HDD.


i7 Turbo Mode not recognized in VirtualBox

If you are allowed to expose it to your VM, it will be in the Virtual Box Settings for the VM Image. It will probably right on the menu where you enable VT-X for your virtual box session. I don't have an I7 Processor so I can't really say. My next bet would be to install the PPA for virtualbox and get the latest and greatest version to see if it would allow me to do that. Then if not check the DEV versions. Sorry I can't be of more help.


Not able to edit or save files in atom in /var/www

LAMP so I presume it's an APACHE setup. Two things to do

Add yourself to the apache group www-data

sudo adduser $USER www-data

Make apache user the owner of the /var/www/floder_name folder

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/folder_name

Logout and back in again for it to take effect.

Bonus: Make the default user and group www-data so you don't have to keep updating

sudo setfacl -d -m u:www-data:rwx,g:www-data:rwx,o::rx /var/www/folder_name

Note: I used a 775 permission, you can use that which suits your setup!


How to compress and encrypt the whole directory (var/log)?

It is a huge topic. I would recommend you first reading this stackoverflow answer why to use gpg and not openssl and then follow these steps to do what you want.

In general, once you have already generated your keys in GPG, this can be done by:

tar -cz /path/to/a/folder | gpg --encrypt --recipient "KeyName" \
                                --output compressed_folder.tar.gz.gpg

Note that GPG also compresses by default so tar can be used without the z option. You should get your encrypted file faster but in some cases tar's compression algorithm is better.

Depending on a use case you may also be interested in symmetric encryption rather than asymmetric described in the second link. It doesn't require private and public keys generation. If so then use --symmetric instead:

gpg --output doc.gpg --symmetric doc

You will be then asked for a passphrase. For a bit more detailed instruction see official manual.


UBUNTU 15.10 & UBUNTU 15.10 SERVER QUESTION

Ubuntu Server is for servers, and is not recommended for normal use. It has a terminal interface, probably something newbies should not use.

Ubuntu Desktop is for normal use, and newbies can use this like freedom.


How to add mute/unmute for the sound menu in gnome shell?

You may find the following gnome shell extension useful to do this. It allows switching audio as well as muting and unmuting.

https://extensions.gnome.org/review/1220


The package doesn't seem to be available for Ubuntu 11.10, only for some previous versions.
You can see for yourself here.

To get these packages you need to manually modify your /etc/apt/sources.list to include the older distro for this PPA. e.g.

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/sarvatt/sru3/ubuntu natty main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/sarvatt/sru3/ubuntu natty main

then run

apt-get update
apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

Note: This xorg fix may not work for you as it's intended for a different version of Ubuntu. You are better off asking the author for a fix that applies to your version.


Is there an actively maintained Truecrypt repository

I recommend the PPA I created for this. It contains a patch I created that adds an appindicator to it, since the old systray is no longer supported in Ubuntu. https://launchpad.net/~stefansundin/+archive/truecrypt

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stefansundin/truecrypt
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install truecrypt

The version is 7.1a, and I do not intend to update to 7.2 because it has less functionality.


How to build and install a cloned GitHub library?

I still think a newcomer to this shouldn't go to compile drivers themselves, so understand that this is a process where lots can go wrong and you do this at your own risk.

To begin with, you want to install the proper tools for that. To do so, open a terminal (ctrl+alt+t):

sudo apt-get install build-essential autogen automake make xutils-dev autoconf libtool autoconf-2.64 automake xorg-server-devel xorg-server-utils xorg-util-macros
git clone https://github.com/mmind/xf86-video-armsoc.git
cd xf86-video-armsoc/

Now you should be set to compile your driver. First run the command sh autogen.sh - this will create the neccesary files and configure them.

Then you run

./configure --with-drmmode=pl111

or

./configure --with-drmmode=exynos

depending on which driver you want to build.

If the configuration process stops in an error, check the last lines which dependencies are missing and install them. Easiest way to find those is running

apt-cache search <name>

In most cases you will get a fairly long list and have to go through it to find the proper package names to install. This is done then with

sudo apt-get install <packagename>

Re-run the configure as often as you need until it ends with no errors.

Now that you have configured your build you can use the command make to compile your driver followed by sudo make install to install it.


I was having similar issues just last week when I was trying to install Ubuntu on my laptop. The problem in my case was that grub was not being installed properly.

I managed to fix it by using ubuntu boot repair https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

run ubuntu boot repair from within the live CD and choose recommended repair. And that should fix your troubles. But every system is different and they all work differently.

Further more, if you are installing only Ubuntu on this system. Then I think it would be better to install in UEFI mode (change bios from Legacy mode to UEFI or something similar) rather than MBR. As that is alot more easier.

I installed ubuntu today again in UEFI mode and I chose something else when the installer prompted to erase disk or install ubuntu next to other OS. I created the following drives.

efi     200mb       Efi drive
swap    16000mb     Swap disk
ext4    733000mb    root folder where ubuntu is installed "/"

after that everything has been working properly.


Using portable Mode for true crypt for crypting Portable HDD , USB etc

Its not possible The Linux version of TC requires a properly compiled kernel module be inserted into the running Linux kernel, as opposed to Windows which generally only requires administrative rights and the proper application/driver binary.

This is primarily due to fundamental architecture differences between the Linux kernel design and Windows internals.


Is it possible to lose files simply from moving them folder to folder?

You say:

  Re: the destination folder, it was indeed a shared folder, though I
  hate to admit that in retrospect I'm not sure if it had been mounted
  when I attempted to move the files

If you mounted the filesystem afterwards, your files are hidden by the mount, they are in your local filesystem. Unmount the shared folder and look there again. No search, just go inside the mount point and look.


CPU Usage : Top and mpstat shows different results

top:

100% means 1 CPU is fully used. So what you see for php-fpm is 87.1% of one CPU out of 8 i.e. less than 11% of your total CPU power.

mpstat:

If you do not give an interval to mpstat it gives you the average CPU utilization since startup.
mpstat -P ALL 2 5 gives you five results of 2-second-intervals.


You are trying to do something the commands are not built to do!
The correct way to update is :

Sudo apt-get update

This update the cash. The new way is:

Sudo apt update

Likewise with the actual upgrade:

Sudo apt-get upgrade  /  sudo apt upgrade

Do see the manual for the install options, You have installed the Update and the Upgrade programs, they come standard with any Ubuntu flavor, and most other Debians!


Equalizer to cut specific frequencies on microphone input

PulseAudio Equalizer and PulseAudio Volume Control are two different pieces of software. PulseAudio Volume Control will allow you to adjust input volumes so is probably what you are looking for. In a terminal type

sudo apt-get install pavucontrol

If that is not what you are looking for or is too basic, you could try JAMin, which is an Audio Mastering interface designed for input channels. It looks very in depth.

http://jamin.sourceforge.net/en/about.html


all you need to do is use

sudo apt-get remove blueman

This will remove it .. if you want to remove it and any dependent packages which are no longer needed  use

sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove blueman

That will do it for you.


After sudo apt-get remove my login is looping

Goto tty1 by ctrl+alt+fn1
Try to reinstall  the lightdm package
    apt-get install --reinstall lightdm
    or
Install gdm by using command apt-get install gdm
It will solve the issue.


Lubuntu 18.04: ASUS eee PC 900 display resolution issue

Restart your eee,
press the Esc key to enter the GRUB2 Bootloader Menu
highlight the top item then press e

Now, edit setparams

gfxmode=$…linux
gfxmode=1024*600

If that resolves the issue, then edit GRUB2's configuration to make the change permanent.

If not, reboot, and remove the gfxmodes line entirely.

Solution based on https://askubuntu.com/a/991214/197910


Enable hardware-accelerated desktop effects with NVIDIA Optimus/Bumblebee

If you use nvidia-current-updates, you have to edit /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf and set KernelDriver=nvidia-current-updates under [driver-nvidia].

It sounds that you've just installed Bumblebee, but that you've selected the universe repository during installation. That pulled in the nvidia driver which broke your 3D acceleration and other OpenGL capabilities. Try restarting the X server, e.g. by rebooting the machine.

In case the issue still persists, it is possible that some libraries have been installed in a wrong location. After installation of Bumblebee, /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/ should not contain libglx.so, libglx.so.VERSION or nvidia_drv.so. If that is the case, remove those files (it requires root privileges):

sudo rm -f /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so* /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/nvidia_drv.so

You may also have to reinstall the nvidia-current package if Bumblebee does not work afterwards:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall nvidia-current

Re-login and your problem should be solved.


How to set screen contrast using Ubuntu 12.04 on Macbook Pro?

That doesn't make any sense given laptop monitors normally don't come with contrast ratio settings. You need to install xcalib if you want to manually change your gamma/contrast ratio/backlight.

http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/lucid/man1/xcalib.1.html


If you want to have stability and long-term support choose 12.04. You can upgrade it to 14.04 next year if you want to - that will be an LTS as well.

13.10 is not a long-term support release. It is like a stepping stone on the way to 14.04.

LTS releases come every two years and they are always even numbered and released in April, hence the '04' bit. So 10.04, 12.04, 14.04, when it is released, are all LTS.

Other releases are more about introducing newer techniques and sub-systems into ubuntu as part of the development process.

source

Overall, if you're thinking of moving from Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS to Ubuntu 13.10 on the basis of better performance, that's true if you're using the open-source Intel/Radeon/Nouveau graphics drivers..


How can I edit/create new launcher items in Unity by hand?

Updated: 2015-Dec

For Ubuntu 15.10 or 14.04 LTS (11.10 or later, with Unity (3D))

NOTE: This can replace the function of an existing icon, or (once created) can be searched for (from Dash icon) to add to current button-bar.

First make your OWN copy of any of the .desktop files you want to modify.  It is MUCH safer, and then you can always delete and start over.

    (list all files)

    ls /usr/share/applications/*.desktop

Example:  Mozilla Firefox, firefox.desktop

    (do this once, or after deleting any failed attempt)

    cp /usr/share/applications/firefox.desktop ~/.local/share/applications

Then carefully change any wording, or add additional options.

    (edit the file)

    gedit ~/.local/share/applications/firefox.desktop &

Note: The ampersand '&' releases the command line immediately.

My own 'firefox.desktop' file:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Firefox Web Browser
Name[es]=Navegador web Firefox
Name[fr]=Navigateur Web Firefox
Name[it]=Firefox Browser Web
Name[nl]=Firefox webbrowser
Comment=Browse the World Wide Web
Comment[de]=Im Internet surfen
Comment[es]=Navegue por la web
Comment[fr]=Naviguer sur le Web
Comment[it]=Esplora il web
Comment[nl]=Verken het internet
GenericName=Web Browser
GenericName[es]=Navegador web
GenericName[fr]=Navigateur Web
GenericName[it]=Browser web
GenericName[nl]=Webbrowser
Keywords=Internet;WWW;Browser;Web;Explorer
Keywords[de]=Internet;WWW;Browser;Web;Explorer;Webseite;Site;surfen;online;browsen
Keywords[es]=Explorador;Internet;WWW
Keywords[fr]=Internet;WWW;Browser;Web;Explorer;Fureteur;Surfer;Navigateur
Keywords[it]=Internet;WWW;Browser;Web;Navigatore
Keywords[nl]=Internet;WWW;Browser;Web;Explorer;Verkenner;Website;Surfen;Online
Exec=firefox %u
Terminal=false
X-MultipleArgs=false
Type=Application
Icon=firefox
Categories=GNOME;GTK;Network;WebBrowser;
MimeType=text/html;text/xml;application/xhtml+xml;application/xml;application/rss+xml;application/rdf+xml;image/gif;image/jpeg image/png;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https;x-scheme-handler/ftp;x-scheme-handler/chrome;video/webm;application/x-xpinstall;
StartupNotify=true
Actions=NewWindow;NewPrivateWindow;NewSafeMode;ProfileManager;

[Desktop Action NewWindow]
Name=Open a New Window
Name[de]=Ein neues Fenster öffnen
Name[es]=Abrir una ventana nueva
Name[fr]=Ouvrir une nouvelle fenêtre
Name[it]=Apri una nuova finestra
Name[nl]=Nieuw venster openen
Exec=firefox -new-window
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

[Desktop Action NewPrivateWindow]
Name=Open a New Private Window
Name[de]=Ein neues privates Fenster öffnen
Name[es]=Abrir una ventana privada nueva
Name[fr]=Ouvrir une nouvelle fenêtre de navigation privée
Name[it]=Apri una nuova finestra anonima
Exec=firefox --private-window
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

[Desktop Action NewSafeMode]
Name=Open in Safe Mode
Exec=firefox --safe-mode
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

[Desktop Action ProfileManager]
Name=Open Profile Manager
Exec=firefox --ProfileManager
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

My own 'libreoffice-startcenter.desktop' file:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Terminal=false
Icon=libreoffice-main
Type=Application
Categories=Office;
Exec=libreoffice %U
# MimeType=application/vnd.openofficeorg.extension;
MimeType=application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-template;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-web;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master;application/vnd.sun.xml.writer;application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.template;application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.global;application/vnd.stardivision.writer;application/msword;application/vnd.ms-word;application/x-doc;application/rtf;text/rtf;application/vnd.wordperfect;application/wordperfect;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document;application/vnd.ms-word.document.macroenabled.12;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template;application/vnd.ms-word.template.macroenabled.12;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet-template;application/vnd.sun.xml.calc;application/vnd.sun.xml.calc.template;application/vnd.stardivision.calc;application/vnd.stardivision.chart;application/msexcel;application/vnd.ms-excel;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet;application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.macroenabled.12;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template;application/vnd.ms-excel.template.macroenabled.12;application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.binary.macroenabled.12;text/csv;application/x-dbf;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template;application/vnd.sun.xml.draw;application/vnd.sun.xml.draw.template;application/vnd.stardivision.draw;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation-template;application/vnd.sun.xml.impress;application/vnd.sun.xml.impress.template;application/vnd.stardivision.impress;application/mspowerpoint;application/vnd.ms-powerpoint;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation;application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroenabled.12;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template;application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroenabled.12;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula;application/vnd.sun.xml.math;application/vnd.stardivision.math;

Name=LibreOffice
Name[pt_BR]=BrOffice
GenericName=Office
GenericName[de]=Büroanwendungen
GenericName[en]=Office
GenericName[es]=Oficina
GenericName[fr]=Bureautique
GenericName[it]=Office
Comment=The office productivity suite compatible to the open and standardized ODF document format. Supported by The Document Foundation.
Comment[de]=Die zum offenen und standardisierten ODF-Format kompatible Sammlung von Büroanwendungen. Unterstützt durch »The Document Foundation«.
Comment[en]=The office productivity suite compatible to the open and standardized ODF document format. Supported by The Document Foundation.
Comment[es]=Suite de productividad para la oficina compatible con ODF, el formato de documentos abierto y estandarizado. Con el soporte de la Document Foundation.
Comment[fr]=Suite bureautique compatible avec le format de document standard et ouvert ODF. Soutenue par The Document Foundation.
Comment[it]=La suite di produttività compatibile con il formato standard e aperto dei documenti ODF. Supportata dalla The Document Foundation.

X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=Writer;Calc;Draw;Impress;Math;

[Writer Shortcut Group]
Name=Writer
Exec=libreoffice --writer %U
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Calc Shortcut Group]
Name=Calc
Exec=libreoffice -calc %U
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Draw Shortcut Group]
Name=Draw
Exec=libreoffice -draw %U
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Impress Shortcut Group]
Name=Impress
Exec=libreoffice -impress %U
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Math Shortcut Group]
Name=Math
Exec=libreoffice -math %U
TargetEnvironment=Unity

A multi-tool icon 'toolbox.desktop' file:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Ubuntu Toolbox
Comment=System Settings
Exec=unity-control-center --overview
Icon=redhat-tools
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Categories=GNOME;GTK;System;
OnlyShowIn=Unity;
Keywords=Preferences;Settings;
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=unity-control-center

X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=GnomeTerminal;SoftwareCenter;SoftwareUpdates;

[GnomeTerminal Shortcut Group]
Name=Gnome Terminal
Exec=gnome-terminal
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[SoftwareCenter Shortcut Group]
Name=Ubuntu Software Center
Exec=software-center
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[SoftwareUpdates Shortcut Group]
Name=Update Manager
Exec=update-manager -c
TargetEnvironment=Unity

Here are some of my earlier efforts.


Wireless on Inspiron 1501 not working on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

PLUG IN ETHERNET CABLE

Run these commands in terminal:

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source broadcom-sta-common broadcom-sta-source

sudo apt-get install b43-fwcutter firmware-b43-installer

THEN UNPLUG ETHERNET AND REBOOT


How to extend the root partition in Ubuntu 18.04

This looks like an AWS EC2 instance you are adding a new volume to. You started correctly by listing the available devices.

Then, you need to create a file system on the new device (use sudo file -s to check if there is a file system already) with:

sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p1

Then, make a directory on where you want to mount it:

sudo mkdir /mydata

And mount it:

sudo mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mydata

Finally, add it to fstab for auto mounting by editing fstab (back it up first) using:

sudo nano /etc/fstab

with the info from:

sudo lsblk -o +UUID

Test by unmounting the file system and then mounting it again with the next commands:

sudo umount /mydata
sudo mount -a

Hope this helps.


You may try to install video drivers for your system. In a terminal, type:

sudo apt-get install flgrx

if you have an ATI card, or

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

if you have an Nvidia graphics card.

If this fails, try logging in with Ubuntu 2D(On the login window, click the gear icon, and pick Ubuntu 2D), or try using LDXE(sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop in the terminal)

If you don't know what to do with the commands above, you may press CTRL+ALT+T and then type the command(Or paste with right-click>PASTE as Terminal uses Ctrl+V for something else)


I haven't used Kde in awhile, but I think you need to do something like this.

Run: sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm a screen will pop up giving information about display managers.

Hit  Enter, then use the arrow keys to highlight kdm and then press  Enter.  This will change your display manager to KDE's default KDM.  Restart your computer for the changes to take effect.

NOTE
You might need to install Kdm with sudo apt-get install kdm


Option to boot to Windows 7 disappeared. Ubuntu 14.04

As temporal solution, you can add these lines into /etc/grub.d/40_custom:

menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda3)" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
set root='(hd0,msdos3)'
chainloader +1
}

then sudo update-grub.


How to make Nautilus launcher _with_ quicklists behave like normal nautilus launcher in Unity

I did't copy /usr/share/applications/nautilus.desktop to ~/.local/applications and just worked on the original file.

gksu gedit /usr/share/applications/nautilus.desktop

Afterwards I pulled the Nautilus/File Manager starter from /usr/share/applications to the launcher. Even worked after a reboot.

As you only add something at the end of the file it's easily reversible.


Multi-instance is not equal changing the number of threads. The term multi-instance is used to have multiple distinct instances running.

If you wanna change the number of threads allowed to spawn for different subsystems of postfix, maybe have a look at the performance tuning?
http://www.postfix.org/TUNING_README.html#proc_limit


A command to add a customized icon or symbol to Plasma's Default Panel

Just to archive an answer.

Thanks to Sparhawk I could add something in  Panel which shows the state of a connection.
I have scripts for limiting a connection:

each can be run by quicklaunch shortcuts located in panel.

For example 64kbits can contain something like:

#!/bin/bash

wondershaper eth0 64 64

echo 64 > /home/Walesa/mycommands/kbits/state.txt

But running each script should show a persistent easy to see sign, so that the user knows about the limitation. With STDIN widget the contents of state.txt can be displayed:

Here 32 shows the connection has speed 32 kbits. state.txt is what the scripts prepare. But the widget checks its contents every 30 seconds. Not an ideal solution.


View a completed print job instead of reprinting

On my Ubuntu 14.04 system the files are in directory /var/spool/cups, but that is only accessible for root:

root@mypc:/var/spool/cups# ls -ld .
drwx--x--- 3 root lp 4096 Oct 30 19:20 .

I could open the PDFs in there the following way:

sudo -E su -l
cd /var/spool/cups
ls
xournal <filename>

Note that the files don't have extension pdf but start with a c or a d, followed by the job number, e.g. c00072 c00075 d00066-001 (*)

You can find the PDFs the following way:

find .|xargs file|grep -i pdf

(*) Files starting with a c are the print control files. Files starting with a d are the data files. See Cups Documentation


Try overlayfs. I've used it lots of places. Here are the steps to set it up (it's really easy)

Note: this will sandbox your whole system until you either remove the mount or restart. The way I describe it, it's an all-or-nothing situation. Either you're sandboxing everything (browser history, changed settings, etc.) or nothing at all. If you do some research you might be able to tweak it more to your needs, but give it a try!

First, make the directory to host your sandbox:

mkdir /tmp/sandbox

Now, mount that bad boy

sudo mount -t overlayfs -o upperdir=/tmp/sandbox,lowerdir=/ overlayfs /

That's it! You should now be running a sandboxed machine! When you reboot /tmp/sandbox should be gone.


Bq Aquaris 4.5 Ubuntu edition How to delete cookies and cache in browser?

A setting like that still doesn't exist.

Currently the only way to do it is from the terminal by deleting the content of

/home/phablet/.local/share/webbrowser-app

Keep in mind that the bookmarks are also stored in that folder and if you want to keep them you shouldn't delete everything inside.


How do I find out what other groups have write permissions on a folder?

No particular group. That's just literally everyone else. If you don't want this, set it to 4 (read-only) or 0 (nothing).


What is the way to get the latest version of LibreOffice?

PPAs provide a new source of software for Ubuntu.

They are updated to the newest version seen as stable with your system. They will list updates much like normal ones in the Update Manager (unlike .Debs), and the admin of the PPA should not list the most recent version to sent to older systems if it is incompatible.

.Debs provide none of these protections.

Because of that, and that the installation of LibreOffice with .Deb packages requires the download and extraction of several .Tar.gz archives and subsequent installations, I would recommend using the PPA, in the Terminal if possible (far faster).

Unfortunately, the PPA is only for currently supported versions of Ubuntu.

To add the PPA, update the Software Sources, and update/install just libreoffice, execute:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install libreoffice

If you want to continue using the latest version tested (stable) for you, just run the Update Manager, check for updates, and install them regularly.


The problem is most likely the partition table written by the manufacturer.  Have a look at the answer on this question and see if it helps you.


David, the nodes don't exist before bootstrap is run. Orchestra configures cobbler to install the nodes from scratch, and then start juju. This is done so that juju charms that are deployed can start with a base, clean system. Its been discussed that we may want to make it easier to take control of an existing machine with juju, but right now that is not how it works.

juju bootstrap basically does this with orchestra:

Talks to cobbler via the XML-RPC API, finds a system marked for PXE boot that is in the 'available-mgmt-class', injects data to install juju on first boot, and moves it to the 'acquired-mgmt-class'. It then uses the power infastructure, if defined, to turn the machine on. This machine will be the "bootstrap node" which runs zookeeper and the provisioning agent. Included in the "first boot" seed data is the user's SSH public key to install to the 'ubuntu' user so that the juju clients can talk to the bootstrap node over an ssh tunnel.
Stores an object in the file storage (usually an ssl webdav service on orchestra-provisioning-server) that informs future juju clients that the environment is bootstrapped, and how to contact the bootstrap node.

Note that you can override the ssh authorized keys path to use. It will normally use ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub or ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub. You can also set it with 'authorized-keys-path' in environments.yaml. You can also insert actual keys to override all of that with 'authorized-keys'.


How to configure what starts when inserting a medium in Lubuntu / LXQt?

The system how LXQt decides what to start when a medium is inserted, and why it can show odd behaviors, is well explained here. In short, LXQt starts will start whatever application is configured to handle the inode/mount-point (pseudo-)mimetype. This is influenced both by installing applications (which associate themselves with a mimetype) and desktop environments (which can change defaults), leading to a mess. In this case, I had installed LXQt on top of a normal Ubuntu installation.

Fortunately, there is a simple way to override the system's default mime-type associations with per-user settings:

Instructions

Open the LXQt Configuration Center (lxqt-config) and click on "File Associations" there. Or directly start lxqt-config-file-associations.
Navigate to "inode → mount-point", click "Change", and choose "PCManFM-Qt File Manager", the default file manager of LXQt.
Let's also disable the additional popup of PCManFM-Qt when inserting a medium. (Reasons: it does not appear for SD cards which seems to be a bug, it is redundant anyway as there's still the bottom right popover, and the PCManFM-Qt popup is not part of the planned "proper solution" in the future.)

In PCManFM-Qt, go to "Edit → Preferences → Volume".
In section "Auto Mount", uncheck all three options.
Confirm with "OK".

Background information

The small popover in the bottom right that appears when inserting a medium is created by the "Removable Media" panel widget of LXQt. When removing that widget, the popover no longer happens. That is why we only have to care about how to configure that piece of LXQt – what your other installed file managers and desktop environments would start when a medium is inserted is not relevant,as they don't get the chance to do so under LXQt.

Since Ubuntu 15.04, the user-specific mimetype settings are stored in ~/.config/mimeapps.list (source). Lubuntu / LXQt stores its own changes made with the lxqt-config-file-associations tool also in that file. So you could apply the instructions from above also by directly editing ~/.config/mimeapps.list and adding one line in section "Default Applications":

[Default Applications]
inode/mount-point=pcmanfm-qt.desktop;

The syntax of the mimeapps.list file is explained in this answer, while this answer shows what mimeapps.list file will be chosen by a specific desktop environment if multiple ones exist on a system.


Follow this tutorial

For the server part make sure you are using the Ubuntu server with the static ipv4 address.

If digital ocean's is having problems then try replacing their .conf contents with the one down below.

mode server
port 1134
proto tcp6-server
dev tap
ca ca.crt
cert server.crt
key server.key
dh dh1024.pem
server 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0
client-to-client
duplicate-cn
keepalive 10 120
cipher AES-256-CBC
comp-lzo
max-clients 32
verb 15
mute 10
user nobody
group nogroup

Skip the client configuration part on digital ocean if you will be connecting through the CLI and use the one from Linux.com

Config Linux Clients to connect to OpenVPN Server through CLI


Java Plug-in Crashed in Firefox 28.0 on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

I just removed my old pre-installed mozilla firefox and installed new version of firefox .deb file in my computer .& again plug-in a soft link to mozilla plugin directory


what are the consequences of removing ssh-agent?

First, the file /usr/bin/ssh-agent is placed by the package manager.
DO NOT REMOVE these files using 'rm'. Doing so may break your system quite horribly.
Always remove package-provided files using the package manager.

Here's how you can tell which package provided a specific file:

 $ dpkg -S /usr/bin/ssh-agent
 openssh-client: /usr/bin/ssh-agent

In this case, the file /usr/bin/ssh-agent is provided by the package openssh-client

Next, here's how you can tell the effect of removing that package. Let's ask apt to simulate the removal:

$ apt remove openssh-client --simulate
NOTE: This is only a simulation!
      apt needs root privileges for real execution.
      Keep also in mind that locking is deactivated,
      so don't depend on the relevance to the real current situation!
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  gnome-software-plugin-snap openssh-client snapd ssh-import-id sshfs
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 5 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

We can see that on MY system (yours may differ!), removing the openssh-client package will also remove snapd and sshfs. I happen to use snaps, and I happen to use sshfs for some network activities. In my case, removing openssh-client would be unwise.

Since your system may differ, you must read the list of proposed removals and make your own decision.


How do I create .iso file with all installed software in ubuntu 14.04 LTS OS?

you don't need to make an iso to install the same packages.
you can list your packages and install them on the laptop after you installed ubuntu.
see third answer on:
How to list all installed packages

i guess you can try using systemback to create an iso of your system but you will still need to install ubuntu and systemback to restore. i have no idea if that will work, interested to see if its possible without too many errors/problems.
http://www.unixmen.com/systemback-restore-linux-system-previous-state/


Grub pointing to an incorrect windows partition

I would first repair your Windows 10 boot up with Win 10 ISO USB or DVD.

After your Windows is booting from MBR, boot up Ubuntu live CD or USB, open terminal and issue following commands (/dev/sda1 should be your linux partition, if not, change the letter accordingly, sda should be your first disk where you are booting from in BIOS - see grub-install command):

sudo su

fdisk -l

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/

mount -t proc none /mnt/proc

mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev

mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/sys

chroot /mnt/ /bin/bash

update-grub

/usr/sbin/grub-install --recheck --no-floppy /dev/sda

sync

reboot

In the last step may instead of reboot command choose reboot from the menu.


I supose you intend to implement another kernel module as you think it is easier to share data between kernel modules. But perhaps it is not a good choice. If it is possible to 'profile the noise' in user space, I think a better solution is to implement the 'profiler' in user space.

In this solution, the user space profiler reads data, performe some calculations, and than submit the result.

If this solution is ok, the implementation is as follows.

In the kernel module, it is just to register a char device in '/proc' and implement 'read' and 'write' primitives. In user space, is just to implement the profiler, reading and writing to the char device. Details and information for this implementation is all here.


please give me what commands i have to use from moving folders from one server to another server

To copy files from a local machine to a remote machine, do something like this:

rsync -avz --delete /path/to/local/dir/ remote_user@remote_host:/path/to/destination/dir

(Notice that the command uses a trailing slash in /path/to/local/dir/, which you DO NOT need in /path/to/destination/dir)

After you've verified that everything worked correctly, delete the source files if you don't need them anymore.

If you don't have rsync installed, install it first with:

sudo apt-get install rsync

Rsync is the right tool for the job. It is very robust, can efficiently continue an interrupted copy job, and the command above will preserve the file attributes and permissions. To additionally preserve hard links, ACLs, and extended attributes, use rsync -aHAXvz.


How to resolve "service start-limit-hit"

Probably a more correct answer:

systemctl reset-failed servicename.service

Taken from https://serverfault.com/questions/930047/how-to-bypass-systemd-start-request-repeated-too-quickly


Multipathing issue with Dell Powervault MD3660f

First thing that comes to mind is that you'll need some sort of multi-pathing in place:

https://help.ubuntu.com/14.04/serverguide/device-mapper-multipathing.html


You've hit the kernel maximum (NR_OPEN), see

cat /proc/sys/fs/nr_open


Don't use FTP - it's insecure. Of course there's FTPS, but its really secure configuration works well only with a small number of FTP clients.

You should rather create separate account for your webpage, put your webserver user in the same group and make SFTP (SSH) access, using SSH keys.

For example you can create your user like so:

sudo useradd -m -d /home/youruser -s /bin/bash youruser

Next prepare www directory:

sudo mkdir /home/youruser/www
chown youruser.youruser /home/youruser/www
chmod 750 /home/youruser

Next, put webserver user in the group, so it can reach your website.

sudo usermod -a -G youruser www-data

Install OpenSSH Server with fail2ban (brute-force protection).

sudo apt install openssh-server fail2ban

Remember to harden your OpenSSH.

Next, generate your SSH key and put it in your user homedir, according to this how-to: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SSH/OpenSSH/Keys

This way you'll have secure access to your webpage files.


ubuntu 16.04 desktop i386 support on repositories, final date

Ubuntu 16.04 desktop i386 (32-bit) will lose community support --the kind provided by AskUbuntu-- in April 2021.

Most other flavors of 16.04 (Kubuntu, Lubuntu, etc) already reached End of Life in April, 2019.
Canonical's Extended Security Maintenance (ESM) is a paid service that provides support for the Ubuntu flavor through April 2024.

See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases for the complete list of all releases, when they were released, and when support will (or did) cease.

Ubuntu 18.04 is the final release of Ubuntu with full i386 (32-bit) support. Newer releases of Ubuntu have a smaller legacy 32-bit library to support older Wine applications games, etc, but lack a complete 32-bit Gnome-based desktop.


How to get paragraph for certain option of command right away?

Type a forward slash, the thing you are searching for, and then press enter. You will jump to the first occurrence.   Press N to move to next occurrence and B to go back. So, in this case:

/-f <enter>


Incomplete file error while trying to install Matlab

A .crdownload file extension indicates a file which has been partially downloaded by Google Chrome (or Chromium). This is typically because your computer shut down or Google Chrome was terminated halfway through the download. Such a file will be unable to be opened by a file archiver or another program.

You should try to redownload the file then try again.


No access to the terminal, how can I find it or install it?

To add a graphical package manager, you could do

sudo apt-get install synaptic

but to globally reinstall the Ubuntu desktop package set you can pass --reinstall to apt-get like

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop


"No such file or directory", but the file exists

varscore_pipeline is a Python script. It begins with a shebang line that points to the interpreter that must execute the script. The path to the interpreter is usr/bin/python2.6, and this file doesn't exist.

First, that line is wrong. The shebang line must have an absolute path. Change #!usr/bin/python2.6 to #!/usr/bin/python2.6.

Depending on your version of Ubuntu, you may or may not have /usr/bin/python2.6. If you only have a later version such as 2.7, change the shebang line to #!/usr/bin/python2. It is highly unlikely that the program would work with 2.6 but not 2.7. Python 2.x versions are upward compatible. (But don't change to /usr/bin/python3, there are incompatibilities between Python 2 and Python 3.)

See /bin/sh: ./check-dependencies.pl: not found — but check-dependencies.pl exists! for more explanations.


Set bq Aquaris M10 Ubuntu Edition to staged mode permanently

Staged mode should be the norm. Are you doing something else which would force the device into Windowed mode? Maybe keeping a keyboard or mouse connected?

From other threads the best advice seems to be to install UT Tweak Tool from the OpenStore and to set your desired mode that way.

To install OpenStore:

Download the OpenStore
Open the terminal app
Navigate to the downloads folder
Run the command pkcon install-local --allow-untrusted openstore.openstore-team_0.103_armhf.click

Once you have that done search for and install the UT Tweak Tool. That tool should have a tab called 'Usage Mode' which allows you to choose between Windowed and Staged.

References;
How to switch into desktop mode


Where have my PPAs gone?

Part of the upgrade process is that third-party PPAs are disabled.

How do I get them back?

If you open Software & Updates and click the Other Software tab, hopefully your PPAs will be listed there, just not checked. If those PPAs exist in Zesty, you can re-check them.  But make sure the version says Zesty and not Xenial!

In the future, you can back up PPAs using aptik


Alternatively, there is the Chromium-browser package, which is available in the software repository, or installed by:

  sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install chromium-browser

The main difference between Chromium-browser and Chrome is that the former is an community maintained version of Chrome.

As a result of this (among other things) the proprietary Flash plug-in included in Chrome is not included in Chromium, altough you can enable this during intallation or afterwards by installing the pepperflash plugin.


How can I delete ubuntu from usb installer?

open disks from terminal as a root user and then try formatting

sudo su
gnome-disks


internet wont connect despite working wireless/ethernet

Sounds like a DNS issue.

Take a look at your dns settings here

$ sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf

//Append your ISP name server or free fast dns nameservers IP address as follows:
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 10.0.0.1

Or if you have played with bind9 check

/etc/bind/named.conf.options:

  [...]

    forwarders {
         1.2.3.4;
         5.6.7.8;
    };

    [...]


Is there a way to skip boot menu and go straight to windows but go to ubuntu whenever I want?

I assume you're using GRUB.

If yes, edit the /etc/default/grub the following: (edit, not add)

GRUB_DEFAULT=0    #replace 0 by order of Windows in grub menu
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0

After running sudo update-grub, GRUB should only show up if you hit a specific key (depending on GRUB version, it's Shift or Esc.)


which vim should I use in xubuntu / Ubuntu+XFCE?

Install vim if you want the text-mode interface or vim-gtk if you want the GUI.

Basically vim-gtk is the GUI version for anybody who doesn't want to install the Gnome2 libraries on which vim-gnome depends and doesn't like the 1990s style of vim-athena


The .save file was created by APT from the original .list file that Chrome added. It's intended as a backup and doesn't actually affect anything. The .distUpgrade file was probably created by APT when you when you did a release upgrade (I'm assuming you did). The Chrome package is unaware of them (Chrome didn't have anything to do with their creation), so purging that package leaves these files alone.

  Can I just delete them?

Yep.

  [A]re there any other changes installing Google Chrome would have made that I need to undo or delete[?]

Without the original package, we can't say for sure.

  I am wondering if there is also a log that would tell me all the changes that particular installation made[.]

Nope. Unless you use a HIDS or similar system which keeps track of files in your system, the apt log only states what happened from an overall state (X was removed, Y was installed, etc.).


How to remove limit on core dump file size

Per @Peter Bašista's answer in his own question:

  At first, I thought this is an error and that's why I started this
  question. But it turned out it's simply a perfectly correct behavior.
  It turns out that RTFM saying applies here as well.

  As man bash reveals, the ulimit built-in command has additional
  parameters: -H for setting the so-called hard limits and -S
  for setting the so-called soft limits. Moreover, if none of these
  options are given, the default behavior is that ulimit tries to set
  both the soft and the hard limits to the same value at once. And that was the problem.

  Now there is a quote from the bash man page:

    A hard limit cannot be increased  by a non-root user once it is set;

  So, there we go. The correct usage of ulimit command should always
  have this in mind. Most importantly, it should never be used without
  -H or -S options unless you are sure to know what you are doing
  (which at the time I obviously wasn't).

  What I should have done is something like this:

  After login: ulimit -H -c unlimited

  Each time I want to change maximum core dump size limit ulimit -S -c
  <new size>

  So, that's about it. I hope it could help someone who might struggle
  with a similar problem.


How do I know if my system is vulnerable to the ShockShell vulnerability?

The ShockShell vulnerability affects many systems.

Is my system affected?

If you want to check if your system is affected, run the following command inside a terminal window running bash. Ubuntu's gnome-terminal runs bash by default (to see if you are running bash, then run echo $SHELL, and if it echoes bash then you run bash) :

env x='() { :;}; echo vulnerable' bash -c 'echo hello'

If your system is vulnerable, then you will see this:

vulnerable

hello

If it is not vulnerable you will see this:

bash: warning: x: ignoring function definition attempt

bash: error importing function definition for 'x'

hello

How do I protect myself?

Programmers have quickly released patches for this vulnerability, so make sure that you have the latest versions of all the packages in your system installed:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

This will upgrade your bash version to the latest, patched one and you should be safe.

Why is this vulnerability serious?

This vulnerability is said by some to be more serious than the HeartBleed vulnerability because it allows remote execution of commands through bash to the infected systems.


BBC iPlayer error "A Problem Occurred While Downloading This Programme"

I would recommend that you download get-iplayer, which is better than the BBC's own iPlayer Desktop.

Essentially get-iplayer allows you to download whole TV and radio programmes from the BBC  's server without a limit being imposed on how long you get to view or listen to the content; what you have downloaded you can use forever.

Here's how to install it.

1: In a terminal, run the following (type it in and press Enter).

sudo apt-get install get-iplayer

Type in your password and then press Enter. The software will be installed.

2: (In the terminal session) refresh the cached list of programs.

get-iplayer --refresh

3: Search for (e.g.) a TV program you want to view.

get-iplayer 'top gear'

4: Download the program.

get-iplayer -g 784


How to dual boot two different Linux distributions?

From talking to the people in #archlinux, I got quite a few ideas on how to do this

Uninstall grub from arch and simply use lubuntu's grub install. You would use lubuntu's grub install over archlinux's, because lubuntu changes kernel versions alot and has multiple entries in grub.cfg, etc.
Chainlink grub installs. See here. You need to do grub-install /dev/sdaN with grub2. It will complain about installing to a partition and fail, but I am sure there is a way to override this.
Use a single /boot. Arch and lubuntu grub2 installs can coexist. I didn't like this solution because it seems like kernel updates could overwrite one another. Maybe not with an ubuntu and Arch combo.. but certainly with other combos.
uninstall grub2 from lubuntu and use the grub1 install from Arch. And then use a symlink from /boot/kernel > /boot/actual_kernel_name. This requires manual tasks, so I opted against it.

I ended up with 1.
This way update-grub will work correctly within lubuntu. If I ever need to update it in Arch I can always use grub-mkconfig /mnt/lubuntu/boot/grub.cfg (actually, this will use Arch's grub.d and I don't want to have to maintain two of them. hmm.)


Update from 15.10 to 16.04 - Can't get past loading screen

If you hold your left shift pushed down when GRUB starts (right after the BIOS boot), you should get some boot options. Normally there is a safe mode that might help you out. At least you will get the full boot messages whatever option you choose.

If you have not, please do not forget to make a backup of your data (you can boot your live CD for that).

See this post for a complete recipe for black screen problem solving.


boot-repair NVMe drive after gparted copy

sudo fdisk -l

then, see what partition you have the ubuntu installed(ext4 filetype) then:

sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sda6 /mnt

(admitting that sda6 is my ubuntu partition)

and then

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda

this will reinstall grub and see all the others OS' that you have and organize all of them.


How to transfer the whole contents of a folder (recursively) from one server to another?

rsync!
rsync -azv -e ssh ./localdirectory/ user@otherserver:/remote/dir

-a is the bad-boy here. It's actually a metaargument that calls -rlptgoD which means, amongst other things:

Recursive
Preserve symlinks
Preserve permissions
Preserve modification times
Preserve group
Preserve owner
And preserves special stuff

It won't preserve hardlinks because hardlinks are files (well it's actually a pointer to an inode that stores a filename - but that's what a regular file is too - when you make a hardlink you're just giving an inode an extra filename). This shouldn't be an issue for you because they're quite rare IMO.
-z will attempt to compress the data in the stream (speed things up a bit).
-v will make sure it's giving you plenty of output.


How to remove most recent kernel / how to stop old kernels being removed?

Instead of freezing an old kernel I would suggest to move to a NEW major kernel by running:

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04

That will install kernel 5.0 to your system and new graphics stack.

You will still be able to boot with the old kernel using grub.

If this doesn't help, most likely the problem is not with kernels, but with something else in your system thet prevents new kernels from installing properly.


How do I change the color of the indicator applet to green?

The indicator colouring is a deliberate change by the Canonical design team - see here

To summarise -

Red: denotes critical issues
Orange: denotes critical warnings
Blue: denotes pure information.
Green denotes that something is "now OK", or "approved".

Hence the message indicator was changed to blue to indicate just "information".

Thus, I think the only way to change back to green is to replace the ubuntu-mono package with a version from maverick or lucid.  Not sure whether this is advisable though.


Can I install Ubuntu 20.04 LTS on Intel Pentium Silver N5000 1.1 GHz, without problems?

yes you can its work perfect
my laptop run ubuntu 20.04
CPU: Intel Pentium Siver N5000
RAM: 4 GB


Looks like the option can also be called Just Scan on your tv. Check the link below for some extra menu images on how to find it.

https://www.katescomment.com/tv-monitor-how-to-fix-overscan-zoom/comment-page-1/

Good luck!


Where can i find a list of commands for bash 4.2

Bash commands is a bit unclear.

It can be two things:

Bash builtins
Shell commands in general

The list of builtins can be found using man bash-builtins. The complete list:

   bash defines the following built-in commands: :, ., [, alias, bg, bind,
   break,  builtin,  case,  cd,  command,  compgen,  complete,   continue,
   declare,  dirs, disown, echo, enable, eval, exec, exit, export, fc, fg,
   getopts, hash, help, history, if, jobs, kill, let, local, logout, popd,
   printf,  pushd, pwd, read, readonly, return, set, shift, shopt, source,
   suspend, test, times, trap,  type,  typeset,  ulimit,  umask,  unalias,
   unset, until, wait, while.

The manpage has documentation for most of those.

If you, however, as I suspect, think about a complete list of shell commands, the majority which is provided by other software than bash (which is just the shell), there's probably no such list. It differs wildly based on what you have installed. For instance you probably doesn't have w_scan on your system - or gnu-ais. I have them on some of my systems.

Generally, man command will give you a description of that command. You should also read this excellent introduction to man by dessert.


Stuck in log-in loop, Ubuntu randomly crashes, Windows still boots first

Your second issue sounds like a hardware problem.  If you reply with the brand/model of your laptop I'll try to look it up for you to see if it is a known problem.  Are you using a cooling stand?


Switch from Wayland back to Xorg on Dell Inspiron 5548

I realized, after some search and time, that Xorg wasn't even installed on my laptop, possibly after upgrading to 17.10, when Wayland took place over after that.
That said, I managed to install Xorg using sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg --install-suggest. Thus, both "Ubuntu on Xorg" and "Unity" options got to work, although Unity gets slow for some reason not yet identified.


related to installation unable to understand partitioning

If you are done giving 20 GB space for partitioning purpose then it will do OOTB partitioning - allocating some space for root(/) and some for swap partition.
So you should move your mouse/keyboard cursor to "Finish partitioning and write changes to disk" and write the changes.


How to use grep to search for a file anywhere

This is not an error. Grep just reported its failure to search through a special file (probably a socket), and was already working on the next. If you don't want to see grep's error messages, you can send them to the bitbucket:

fgrep -r autostart * 2> /dev/null

Note that fgrep will likely be much faster in your case because you are searching for a string, not for a regular expression.

Contrary to what you it looked like, grep hadn't crashed. Technically, it wasn't hung either. Maybe it was searching /dev/random for the string. Eventually it would find  it there, though this might take an astronomical amount of time. Sadly, soon after grep would have found the string in /dev/random, it would encounter /dev/zero where it would certainly spend an infinity of time looking for the string. Logically therefore, your command was guaranteed to not terminate.

If you wish to prevent fgrep from searching special files, combine it with find:

find / -type f -exec fgrep -l autostart {} \;

And since you're looking for a script, skipping all all non-executables on the file system will save a lot of time:

find / -type f -executable -exec fgrep -l autostart {} \;

In fact, I would focus my search first on the usual suspects:

find {,/usr}/{,s}bin /etc -type f -executable -exec fgrep -l autostart {} \;

Particularly so if you have some remote file systems mounted, which grep would dutifully search as well.


how to change color for dialogue windows

Open the gtk.css file in the theme's folder. You'll see 'fg_color' line. Change the color to something dark like "#000000"


Lenovo y580, Windows 7 and Ubuntu (i Hope so...)

Click Following Links : :

Install Ubuntu Along Side Windows 7

Installing ubuntu on a laptop that already contains windows 7


Maybe something went wrong with the installation and some links are set in a wrong way.
Try uninstalling Java:

sudo apt-get purge icedtea-* openjdk-*

Restart your computer and install it again.

Maybe you also want to try out Sun-Java instead of openJDK. Follow this thread:

How can I install Sun/Oracle's proprietary Java JDK 6/7/8 or JRE?