Add certificate authorities system-wide on Firefox

The problem here is that Firefox does not have a 'central' location where it looks for certificates. It just looks into the current profile. That's why modifying /usr/share/ca-certificates or other similar directories won't work with Firefox. This is something that has been requested for years; see issues 620373, 449498 and 454036 (and probably there are many others).

So you are left with just two kind of solutions: either modify each profile, or modify the behaviour of Firefox. I know this is not what you are looking for, but there are no ways because Firefox only looks at users' profiles.

Having said that, the solution I would choose is using hard or symbolic links, specifically I'd go with hardlinks. This solution is surely the easiest and probably the better, though I don't have enough information to judge.

What you have to do is basically removing each cert8.db and key3.db files for each profile and replace them with links to the "most complete" cert8.db and key3.db. If you go with hardlinks, the original cert8.db and key3.db will be indistinguishable from the new ones.

Remember to adjust permissions to fit your needs. Most likely, you will need to chmod a+rw so that everybody will be able to add/remove a certificate. If you want only certain users to be able to add/remove certificates, you can create a group, assign the two databases to that group and give +w permission just to the group.


What Application Indicators are available?

System Load Indicator
Category: System Information
Network, memory and cpu usage indicator; this is a port of the original System Monitor GNOME Panel applet (gnome-system-monitor applet).

In Preferences you can customize the output to fit it to your desktop theme:

To install:
You can install it through the Ubuntu Software Centre by clicking this button:

or through the command line:
sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload

If you want the latest updates, you can install it from the PPA with these commands:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:indicator-multiload/stable-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload


Program opening up in the top edge of the screen, preventing it from being dragged

There are keyboard shortcuts which allow you to minimize, maximize, and move windows in Ubuntu. If you can click on the problematic application so that is active, you can use:

Alt+Space then N to Minimize,

Alt+Space then  X  to Maximize/Unmaximize, and:

Alt+Space then M to Move.

If you can only invoke a menu with this shortcut:

Alt+Sapce

you can use the pointer (or arrow key) to highlight then select the option you'd like.


Gnome Mail Icon from top bar shows number of unread email

Not too sure why this is happening but can you please try setting Thunderbird as the default mail client.

  You can access this in SETTINGS, then click DETAILS (in SYSTEM
  Section), then click on the Default Applications from the left
  list and change Mail section to Thunderbird.

  Restart and check if it's working now.

Let me know if this worked as I don't have a sure answer but think it has something to do with default applications and would be nice to know.


Why does the file owner appear as ‘user # 1004’?

The file system itself only stores the numeric user and group ID for a file, it does not store the names.  The name comes from the running system's /etc/passwd and /etc/group.

If you mount the same filesystem on another system, that numeric ID might not correspond to the same user or group name.  Or, it may not correspond to any user or group, in which case it will appear only by its number, no matter where you view it.

Another situation in which this may occur is if you have deleted the user or group since the file's ownership information was set.


My logi mouse keeps jumping (working not smoothly)

I've noticed this issue with MX Anywhere 2 and MX Ergo on all linux connections in the past year. They both (and yours) are Bluetooth LE devices. Could you check your 2nd mouse if it's also LE (low-energy) device? I guess there's a too aggressive power saving "feature".
I see questions of 20Hz report rate for BT mice. And doing a human benchmarking, I have 180-240ms with a wired mouse and 260-320ms with the MXA2. So clicks are also affected.

Just tried to play with hcditool, and did the following:

sudo hcitool con

sudo hcitool lecup --handle=mouse_handle_from_previous_command --latency=1 --min=6 --max=8

Unfortunately this is temporary and unknown how it affects battery, but at least it's workable. I still can't make sub-260ms on humanbenchmarking.org, but at least I'm consistently under 300.


policykit-desktop-privilege - rules not in effect

In the ubuntu desktop privileges, file com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla, this caught my attention:

[Mounting, checking, etc. of internal drives]
Identity=unix-group:admin;unix-group:sudo
Action=org.freedesktop.udisks.filesystem-*;org.freedesktop.udisks.drive-ata-smart*;org.freedesktop.udisks2.filesystem-mount-system;org.freedesktop.udisks2.encrypted-unlock-system;org.freedesktop.udisks2.filesystem-fstab;
ResultActive=yes

And for software:

[Update already installed software]
Identity=unix-group:admin;unix-group:sudo
Action=org.debian.apt.upgrade-packages
ResultActive=yes

You will need to check if the policykit agent is running, e.g. pgrep -lf polkit from the command line. Same applies to udisk, udev and gvfs.
Any upgrade will work unless there are new packages thrown in or packages obsoleted by changed dependencies, e.g. new kernels. In this case, you will need the org.debian.apt.install-or-remove-packages privilege, which you can add in the same manner as ubuntu did. There are more privileges which can be seen with grep "<action id=" /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.debian.apt.policy from the command line.
This is just the same as in regular ubuntu, not xubuntu-specific. Maybe there is a slight difference between xfce and xubuntu sessions during login when you upgraded from previous versions of xubuntu where still hal was used over udev.


Mystery notification icon in Ubuntu Software

The notification has appeared to show that the app has installed


How to specify keyboard layout vairant in org.gnome.desktop.input-sources

The correct syntax seems to be 'us+mac' instead of 'us(mac)':

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources sources "[('xkb', 'us+mac'),('xkb','de+mac')]"

See also this post


I am owner of a folder but cannot access it

This is a permissions problem, not an ownership problem.

Execute permissions (abbreviated x and appearing where the - is in rw-) are conspicuously absent from the permissions you've shown us.

Execute permissions work very differently for directories than for regular files. For directories, execute permissions give the ability to enter the directory (that is, to cd to it, or to open it up in a file manager). They also give the ability to attempt to access files in the directory (though whether or not that will succeed also depend on other permissions, sometimes including the permissions of the files being accessed).

root is able to enter the directory because it is not really bound by permissions in the usual way. In many ways, commands and applications that are run as root will try to respect permissions in order to abide by the wishes of the user. But root has the power to perform any operation (that the OS is capable of performing) on any file or directory. In a root shell, cding into a directory that doesn't have any execute permissions will succeed.

The solution to the problem is to run:

chmod u+x masternotes

That gives (+) the owner of masternotes (u) executable permissions (x) on the directory.

Then you'll be able to enter into the directory and attempt to access files there, as a normal user.

If you want members of its group owner to be able to do this too, then you could run this instead:

chmod ug+x masternotes

But you are probably the only member of your user-specific group (which owns the folder).

The chmod command here does not need to be run as root--it is deliberate that I have not included sudo in either command. You own the folder, so you can change its permissions yourself--you don't need root to do it for you.

In case you're interested in setting execute permissions numerically, remember that for each digit you add (starting with zero):

4 for read.
2 for write.
1 for execute.

For example, if you wanted everyone to be able to read and execute some-file but only the owner to be able to write, you'd use:

chmod 755 some-file

I recommend FilePermissions in the community documentation, for further reading on file permissions in Ubuntu, including the executable bit and its special meaning for folders.


How to write simple web-based application for GNOME3?

It doesn't use HTML. It uses GTK, which itself uses a styling language based on CSS. However, you can use WebKit to provide the functionality you're after. For instance, the following program will give you a WebKit-based AskUbuntu-browser.

I wrote this in Python, but you can use JavaScript as well if you like. That's the great thing about GObject Introspection, from which we're importing GTK and WebKit. It works with most languages and the code will be very similar in JavaScript. And of course, just replace http://askubuntu.com with the location of your HTML-application.

#!/usr/bin/env python
from gi.repository import Gtk, WebKit

win = Gtk.Window()
win.set_title("AskUbuntu!")
web = WebKit.WebView()
web.open("http://askubuntu.com")
scroller = Gtk.ScrolledWindow()
win.add(scroller)
scroller.add(web)
win.show_all()
win.connect("destroy", Gtk.main_quit)
Gtk.main()


Ubuntu 14.04 and samsung printer driver --- /usr/lib/cups/filter/rastertospl not found

Finally, the suld repository held the answers.

FIRST, delete the printer from the printer configuration if you have already added it. NEXT delete any drivers you have already tried on your computer for the printer in question.

Then follow the instructions at http://www.bchemnet.com/suldr/index.html I used Ubuntu software manager.
In Ubuntu you go to the software center, then from the top menu, Edit>software sources>other sources>add volume. Here you add
" deb http://www.bchemnet.com/suldr/ debian extra "
Then download and save the key file, found at the same index link above.
To import the key file to ubuntu software center, go to the software center then Edit>software sources>authentification>import key file
The packages now should appear in your software center (refresh maybe needed)
Access them by clicking the down arrow next to the box icon that says all software on the top left. Click on Bchemnet.

Find the appropriate driver using the list on the repository site under the tab 'supported printers'

Then download the correct driver from within the software center.

For the M2675FN, this was the Samsung unified linux driver 2 - suld-driver2-1.00.36

After 3 hours of this frustration, I'm quite happy to share how I finally fixed it! Best of luck.


You might want to check "What are some of the issues with Compiz Config Settings Manager (CCSM) and why would I want to avoid it?" to learn more about what works and what doesn't.


Format of ipv6 address in hosts.allow for sshd

man page host.allow: An expression of the form '[n:n:n:n:n:n:n:n]/m' is interpreted as a '[net]/prefixlen' pair. An IPv6 host address is matched if 'prefixlen' bits of 'net' is equal to the 'prefixlen' bits of the address. For example, the [net]/prefixlen pattern '[3ffe:505:2:1::]/64' matches every address in the range '3ffe:505:2:1::' through '3ffe:505:2:1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff'.

To use IPv6 addresses you must enclose them in []'s. Examples of valid IPv6 addresses:

ALL : [fe80::%fxp0]/10 : allow
ALL : [fe80::]/10 : deny
ALL : [2001:db8:2:1:2:3:4:3fe1] : deny
ALL : [2001:db8:2:1::]/64 : allow

  Basically I added a space after the last ipv4 address followed by the user's address inside square brackets followed by /64 but that doesn't work

All examples I saw had the IPv6 on a different line.


Is it possible to remove 'Contacts' from Gnome Shell?

Go to: Settings | Search | Contacts | OFF


xfce4-power-manager not started, applet not visible

Delete > Desktop configuration file:
/etc/xdg/autostart/xfce4-power-manager.desktop

.

Settings Manager / Session and Startup / Startup Applications

Item disabled:
Energy Management (power Management Xfce environment)

New item enabled with new command:

Mame:          Xfce Power Manager (For example-Your name)

Description:   Power manager startup

Command:       xfce4-power-manager --no-daemon

http://ubuntuset.url.ph/power_manager.html


Try this. Worked for me.

Go to Help Menu > Troubleshooting information > click Reset firefox.


First, get your .bundle file (in my case it is VMware-Remote-Console-12.0.0-17287072.x86_64.bundle) and make it executable:
chmod +x /path/to/the/file

Then run this:
sudo ./VMware-Remote-Console-12.0.0-17287072.x86_64.bundle -u "vmware-vmrc"


Ubuntu Touch install failure on Galaxy Nexus

I figured it out. Either it was a coincidence that it just happened to work this time or I was right that I just had to change the sleep time in the script /usr/bin/phablet-flash.

Open phablet-flash through terminal (as root so you can edit it)

sudo -H gedit '/usr/bin/phablet-flash'

and in the area:

@adb_errors
def autodeploy(adb, artifact):
    ''' Pushes artifact to devices sdcard and deploys'''
    if not artifact:
        return
    # Can't wait-for-device here
    sleep(15)
    adb.push(artifact, '/sdcard/autodeploy.zip')
    log.info('Deploying Ubuntu')
    adb.reboot(recovery=True)
    log.info('Installation will complete soon and reboot into Ubuntu')

I changed

sleep(15)

to

sleep(30)

You can then re-run the 'phablet-flash -b' command and it should work

Also if any other noobs like me trying to reinstall Android have the problem of deploying:

./flash-all.sh

and get the error

bash: ./flash-all.sh: Permission denied

Go to your android distribution folder, open flash-all.sh and copy and paste the commands from that script to the terminal and run them separately, simple as.


It appears to me that avconv at this time only supports pal8 for the input. To check that you can run:

$ avconv -pix_fmts |grep pal8

my output is:

avconv version v12_dev0-498-g2e09359, Copyright (c) 2000-2014 the Libav developers
  built on Dec  5 2014 09:32:02 with gcc 4.8 (Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1)
I..P. pal8                   1             8

The legend for the first part is:

I.... = Supported Input  format for conversion
.O... = Supported Output format for conversion
..H.. = Hardware accelerated format
...P. = Paletted format
....B = Bitstream format

So pal8 can be read, but not written. This means that there is no way for you to actively encode any of the streams into this format, which is something you need to do if you intend to alter the size of the frame.

If you will find another pixel format that your "picky" software will accept besides pal8 and that can be encoded with avconv, you can select that particular format with the -pix_fmt option:

avconv -i in.avi -s 88x72 -pix_fmt FORMAT -c:v rawvideo out.avi


Is it advisable to delete ~/.cache files?

The cache folder is a place programs stored data they may need again, it is kept for speed but is not essential to keep. It can be generated again or downloaded again (depending on the data and the program).

If your hard drive is really filling up it may be worth checking the .cache folder but it is unlikely to be too huge. If it gets too big you can delete things without worrying. But probably if a GB or 2 is having a significant effect on your performance you may need to consider moving other files or getting more storage.


Like jokerdino has mentioned. Right click on that icon and choose Unlock from Launcher.


Problem with NVIDIA drivers and encrypted partition (dual boot)

I have same problem so I gave up ubuntu splash in favor of working boot.
You can:

Edit /etc/default/grub replacing GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"
before reboot call sudo update-grub from terminal


How to enable boot manager on the slave HDD of my desktop machine?

You Should try running below commands:

`sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ingalex/super-boot-manager
 sudo sh -c "sed -i 's/trusty/raring/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ingalex-super-boot-manager-trusty.list"
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install super-boot-manager
 sudo apt-get install -f`

THen execute super-boot-manager

HTH!


How to drag full screen window to the other workspace in unity

I assume there are a number of ways to do this, but the two I most commonly use are:

Hold Ctrl+Alt+Shift, and press an arrow key to move it to the next workspace in that direction. If you do this correctly, a little "mini-view" of the workspaces should pop up, showing the window moving to the new workspace, as well as an arrow pointing in the direction it's moving.
Press Super+s (or press the Workspace Switcher button on the launcher), which will zoom you out to view all four workspaces. From here, you can grab any window with your mouse and move it between any of the workspaces.

Both of these methods should maintain the full screen state of the window.


When is the latest Calibre 3 going to be available in Ubuntu 16.04 in Software Center?

Because of the fact that we can not change release policy inside Ubuntu, you probably will not get it from official Ubuntu xenial repositories.

But you can use one of the following methods to install the software:

You can try to install calibre from Jonathon F's PPA.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/calibre
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install calibre

This will install v3.25 which is newer than v3.21 from Ubuntu Bionic Beaver 18.04 LTS.

It looks great:

Also can try to download latest version from official site:

cd ~/Downloads
https://download.calibre-ebook.com/3.26.1/calibre-3.26.1-x86_64.txz
tar -xf calibre-3.26.1-x86_64.txz

and launch it from here with

./calibre

Other possibility is a Snap package.

Currently no calibre snap-package exist. Calibre has very beautiful interface, but Snap currently ignores theming, so it will not look pretty.

And I have doubts about the functionality of this option. Snap-version may not have access to USB-memory of the ebook-reader because of missed removable-media plug/interface.

Also about Snap version I can cite Eli Schwartz (eschwartz) from "
feature request - package calibre as snap app" bug-report 1707517 from 2017-07-30 at launchpad.net:

  There is already a cross-distro tarball that works without snap.

  Also IMHO snap is still a disaster and I'm very grateful Kovid doesn't
  use it. He's already rejected snap multiple times

  https://calibre-ebook.com/download_linux

  duplicate 1699620


where is the preseed.cfg file for ubuntu 15 desktop

For this specific screen try

ubiquity ubiquity/download_updates boolean true
ubiquity ubiquity/use_nonfree boolean true

You might also want to add the locale, country, and keyboard choices

ubiquity time/zone select America/Los_Angeles

ubiquity countrychooser/shortlist string US
ubiquity languagechooser/language-name string English
ubiquity localechooser/supported-locales string en_US.UTF-8

ubiquity keyboard-configuration/layoutcode string us
ubiquity console-setup/ask_detect boolean false


Internet Dropping out on Toshiba Qosmio x505

I solved my own problem. With this particular model (and probably some others), run the following lines in Terminal...

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

And then restart.


Ubuntu installation does not recognize drive partitioning

I can proudly announce that I now have a working Windows 7 and Ubuntu 11.04 running.

fixparts actually did the trick:

Download fixparts and run it with

sudo fixparts /dev/sda

fixparts then wants to know if it should Erase GPT data which I desperately did, and apparently repaired the partitions.

Ubuntu was then able to find the windows partition and installation worked like a charm.

Thx to arrange for the hint!


I'm a newbie to Ubuntu (indeed any Linux distro), forgive me for any poorly connected dots!

I recently encountered this too, seemed odd as I hadn't changed anything (intentionally). I'd been away for a few minutes and had to unlock the user again. It wouldn't work but it had less than 10 minutes before. I tried it a few times and was confident I was using the correct password.

I jumped into a guest account to check out AskUbuntu and found your question. I was about to give prakharsingh95's answer a go but for sanity's sake I tried typing the password as visible text and it seemed fine. I then tried to unlock again and it allowed me in.

I was a little confused but then I noticed my default language had changed from EN1 to EN2. This was the problem because of one of the characters in my password maps differently between the keyboard layouts. I'm guessing that using the guest account reset the language before I attempted to unlock again. I did a little more reading and came across this with a few answers Keyboard layout switches to English each time I reboot. For now I'm attempting the most popular answer but it also helped me come across what I believe was the culprit in my case. Super+Space will change to the next layout. I probably inadvertently did this after first logging on.

Hopefully this will be useful to anyone else in the same situation.


Installing Ubuntu 18.04 on HP Pavillion Power

I was able to do this by setting nomodeset
I followed the following steps as described here

disable secure boot in bios
boot ubuntu installation image from USB stick
on bootmanager press e and then add "nomodeset" in front of "quiet splash", then CTRL+X
Install Ubuntu
After installation remove USB stick and change boot order ubuntu first in BIOS
once again: in bootmanager press e and then add "nomodeset" in front of "quiet splash", then CTRL+X
When in desktop, enter terminal with CTRL+ALT+T, and edit GRUB to prevent it from always starting with nomodeset:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

add nomodeset: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset", CTRL+X

sudo update-grub

reboot
After that you should be able to running ubuntu.


When you say "lost", did you format the partition in which your Win7 docs music and pictures were located?  If not then correct ubuntu behavior is that your old windows "C:" drive in NTFS will have been shrunk to make at least 16 to 20GB of space for new linux partitions and given a linux partitionname such as sda3
When you find that [either listed as sda3 or by its size such as "300GB Partition" then "open" it from the dropdown menu which appears while you mouseover it and rightmousebutton.  There should be your old "C:" drive contents.
Unless you told it not to at the time of installing GRUB bootloader, when you boot your computer you should see a list in white text on a black background of what to boot to.  Top of the list will be the latest linux and lower on the list it should say "Windows 7".

Of course it is possible to blotto the whole Windows 7 legacy os if you told it to do that during formatting and installation.


Is there an "unofficial" software center with all the PPAs?

If you have lots of PPAs, you may want to try a graphical "PPA Manager" to make life easier. Scroll down directly to the PPA Manager section for a recommendation.

No, there is no unofficial "PPA" software center for Ubuntu.
One of Ubuntu's primary goals is to be a stable and reliable desktop Linux for the masses. That is why the packages (and specific versions) in the Software Center/official repositories are carefully vetted and checked for stability. The official repositories (with partners, etc.) should be sufficient for the needs of most regular users.
Why? : Software from a PPA should not be blindly installed
In theory, adding even one PPA package, no matter how "trusted" the source, has the potential to break Ubuntu such that it would be beyond the capability of the average user to fix it.
Thus, installing software from a PPA has to be a conscious and considered choice:

What am I installing?
Why I am installing it?
How is it going to affect my system?

Most of the answers of the type you mention -- "add this repository and install" -- WILL address these concerns for the questioner/user; those that don't are quickly edited/downvoted/commented on.
The three-step add-update-install-from-PPA process makes it more likely people will think a little about what they are doing
The "pain" of adding individual PPAs is somewhat like the "pain" of having to use sudo instead of just being root all the time. Compared to a one-click install of unofficial packages, the terminal-based three-step process increases the chances that the user has given some thought to what he or she is doing.
Updating PPAs can take longer, because they are not mirrored
I agree that updating PPAs often takes longer for many users, because they are hosted only on launchpad.net and not mirrored. Hopefully Canonical is aware of this and is considering some kind of solution. Note that there is no intrinsic (software/design-wise) reason PPAs should take longer to update than any other repository - they have the same structure.

You can always use a PPA manager to make life easier - try Y-PPA Manager!
Managing PPAs from the command-line can become tiring; if you have three or more PPAs, I recommend you consider the Y-PPA Manager utility. You must install it from a PPA (naturally! :-), and is available as:

y-ppa-manager in ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
It lets you search PPAs for a particular package (via Launchpad)
And other management functions such adding, deleting, purging, etc.

Some screenshots to give you an idea:

Main Window:

Searching all PPAs for "vlc":

Listing all packages in a PPA:

For a true user-contributed "Software Center", try Arch Linux

Other distributions which have different goals than Ubuntu and are targeted towards users more comfortable/skilled with Linux do have what you want.
e.g. Arch Linux has a one-stop "unofficial Software Center" - it's called "Arch User Repositories" (AUR)
Any user can contribute a package, any other user can install it (after building from source), and the community can vote on packages as a sign of trust/helpfulness. Popular, high-voted packages can even make it into their official repositories.


Drivers for Ubuntu 16.04 on Acer Aspire E1 510?

Install 16.04.2 so you get kernel 4.8.  If the SSD is a second drive and this is not a fresh install (e.g. initially installed 16.04 or 16.04.1), you will need to run the following command for hardware improvements:

sudo apt install --install-recommends xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04

To be sure, confirm 4.8 kernel with:

uname -r

Just in case its a different issue, make sure drive mode in the BIOS is set to "AHCI" instead of "RAID".  Also disable Fast Boot and Secure Boot.


Writing data to another hard drive when using Bittorrent Sync

After you mounted your disk under /media/MyFolder, all the directory hierarchy that appears under /media/MyFolder will physically reside on the other disk. You can see this with the command df. For example:

(0)samsung-romano:~% sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/tmp
(0)samsung-romano:~% df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
[...]
/dev/sda6       480G  192G  265G  42% /home
/dev/sda2       3.7G   30M  3.5G   1% /mnt/tmp

Look --- the sda2 partition has 30M used. Now if I copy a large file (around 1.9G) under /mnt/tmp:

 (0)samsung-romano:~% sudo cp tmp/00032.MTS /mnt/tmp

Then I have:

(0)samsung-romano:~% df -h | grep sda
/dev/sda1        88G   11G   74G  13% /
/dev/sda6       480G  192G  265G  42% /home
/dev/sda2       3.7G  1.9G  1.6G  55% /mnt/tmp

See? The big file is now on the other disk. If I u(n)mount the disk, now, the bigfile will be invisible.

Look:

(0)samsung-romano:~% ls -l /mnt/tmp/*.MTS
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2006482944 Dec  6 21:24 /mnt/tmp/00032.MTS
(0)samsung-romano:~% sudo umount /mnt/tmp
(0)samsung-romano:~% ls -l /mnt/tmp
total 0

Notice: I had to use sudo here because the permission of the mounted disk. You should use a bit more complex command to mount the disk and make it available to write to it as a normal user --- but that would be another question (probably already answered somewhere).


I can't install gnome-shell and edubuntu secondary bundle for ubuntu

You'll need to enable installs from the 'universe' source:

Run software-properties-gtk or start the Software Sources application from the menu
In the Ubuntu Software tab, check "Community-maintained free and open-source software (universe)"


Recently used order setting needs to be off

  If you want to use Ctrl + Tab to switch to the tab next to the current tab and Ctrl + Shift + Tab to switch to the previous tab, deselect this setting (clear the checkbox).

https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/tab-preferences-and-settings


Ethernet driver Intel 82579LM e1000e update

What you need to do is run the following commands in the terminal (ctrl+alt+t):

Run tar -xzf e1000e-2.5.4.tar.gz
Browse the path cd archive-name
This will configure the software to ensure your system has the
necessary functionality and libraries to successfully compile the
package ./configure
This will compile all the source files into executable binaries
make
This will install the binaries and any supporting files into the
appropriate locations. sudo make install

I hope this fixes your issue, good luck.


Back up Windows 10 and Ubuntu partions from Ubuntu?

You're smart!  Taking a full system backup of everything is fairly easy using CloneZilla Live as it saves only the allocated space of sparse files and compresses everything.

Follow the instructions on how to download it and set it up on a USB stick here
Boot from USB stick (firmware dependent: check your BIOS / UEFI manual)
Take device-image:

Take whichever you want to use to back up to (local-dev is a local USB HD)

Then save-disk and check all your local disks except the external HDD you're going to back up to.
Take default options and let it run.

As you're saving disks, it will save all partitions, including W10, Ubuntu and whatever else you've got.


Do you have any DVDs or a USB without anything useful on it laying around? If so, you could always make a Live CD/Live USB and check. Make sure your computer loads USB/CD/DVD before your hard drive (If not you will have to change it in the BIOS) and click Try Ubuntu/Xubuntu instead of Install.


What are the differences between Gnome
  2 and Gnome 3?

GNOME3 is the next major version of GNOME with lots of changes. It features a new desktop shell, libraries with new API, deprecation of a few libraries, rewritten applications like power-manager, introduction of gnome-control-center etc.

GNOME 3 was like - "GNOME2 was released years and years back, let's start working on the next generation GNOME desktop and hence you find GNOME3"

  What is the Gnome Shell exactly

Gnome shell is a desktop shell for GNOME. It is the UI part of the desktop. Like in Windows you have a taskbar below, with a start button on the bottom left side and icons on the desktop. The thing which you encounter after you login.

The shell decides how your notifications should show up, how your running applications should be shown and how new applications can be launched.

  Is it possible to use Gnome 3 without the Gnome Shell

Unity present in Oneiric will be going to be ported to Gtk3 and GNOME3 technologies. I am running Oneiric development version and get many of the GNOME3 goodies like newer applications for power management, mouse & keyboard settings.

So basically Oneiric can be thought of as GNOME3 - GnomeShell + Unity (some more changes under the hood which is out of scope of this explanation)

  Are GNOME3 and GNOME Shell the same thing?

Technically speaking, GNOME3 is a suite of technologies, applications, libraries, desktop-shell. Gnome-shell is one part of the whole GNOME3 stack

  Would it be possible to maybe develop another shell similar to Gnome Panel

Actually you can still have GNOME Panel for GNOME3. Actually it is GNOME Shell which looks and behaves like GNOME Panel. Vincent Untz blogged about it earlier

It would also be worth noting that desktop shell and window managers are separate things. Desktop shells are written over Window manager. KDE's Window Manager(WM) is KWin, Unity's WM is Compiz 0.9 (not Compiz 0.8) and GNOME Shell WM is Mutter (Metacity+Clutter). Gnome panel's WM is Metacity

In fact you can use GTK3 and use GNOME3 technologies write your own shell with the WM of your choice and it would still run. The whole Linux stack is pretty much flexible and many components are be added and removed at your will.


How to make ffmpeg-normalize work on Ubuntu?

You have run into a little oddity of pip3's default installation directory and Ubuntu's recognition of this in the $PATH statement. Easy enough to rectify though with the following 2 simple steps:
1. Initial Installation:
First install ffmpeg-normalize as recommended on it's git home page:
sudo apt install python3-pip ffmpeg
pip3 install ffmpeg-normalize

Note that the default pip3 installation is actually in ~/.local/bin as I demonstrate below:
andrew@ithaca:~$ find $HOME -name ffmpeg-normalize
/home/andrew/.local/bin/ffmpeg-normalize
andrew@ithaca:~$

On installation this will not be immediately recognised by Ubuntu as being on the $PATH, this is the issue that you have encountered.
2. Fixing the $PATH Issues:
Ubuntu is actually already set for this installation path. If you have a look at the file ~/.profile you will see the following:
# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/.local/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
fi

This guarantees that after reboot or when specifically sourced from the command line ffmpeg-normalize will be found. On my own system I can demonstrate the syntax to manually source ~/.profile and kickstart ffmpeg-normalize:
andrew@ithaca:~$ source ~/.profile
andrew@ithaca:~$ ffmpeg-normalize --version
ffmpeg-normalize v1.20.2
andrew@ithaca:~$

Either do this manually as I have demonstrated or simply reboot your computer. This worked well on my system and should on yours as well!


gedit snippets plugin not working for encodings other than UTF-8

Apparently, this bug is about to be fixed in one of the next versions of Ubuntu.  For an immediate fix, simply edit /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/document.py, changing line 22 from

from gi.repository import Gtk, Gdk, Gio, GtkSource, Gedit

to

from gi.repository import Gtk, Gdk, Gio, GLib, GtkSource, Gedit

(i. e., include the GLib import).
Don't forget to relaunch gedit :-)


Yeah, you can just download the ubuntu iso from the www.ubuntu.com site. Then you can use UNetbootin as @karel indicated. There are a few different tools to write iso's to usb sticks.

I have not used windows in a while. You could also just download the iso to windows, and then use a drive emulator like Daemon Tools to mount the iso as if it was a drive. Then you can open Ubuntu and check it out. If you still want to create a USB, then you can click on the Ubuntu Dash and type in "startup disk creator." The startup disk creator has the option of install ubuntu to a usb stick. Once you write the iso to the USB stick, you can reboot and load from the usb stick.


Something (app, DB, util) is consuming all of your proc table on boot.  I suggest going in single user mode and turning off all non-root process using chkconfig and then reboot.

Once you are in on the console, you can start things manually one at a time and determine which process is killing your server.  You will notice the load average go up by using top after you start each process in /etc/init.d.


Error while installing cmake for Avogadro

You have to install cmake:

sudo apt-get install cmake


Can't find a program in either software centre or console, want to uninstall it (13.04)

OK, there is no bundle name provided, so I will be general. If you installed something from Internet using .bundle or .run package, you have to search in Internet the right way to remove that package. For example, VMWare and Oracle have their own installation managers.
Some common uninstallation procedures for famous packages:
NVidia drivers (in case you have installed it through .run package)
Here is the original answer. Just run sudo NVIDIA-Linux-XXX-YYY.ZZ.run --uninstall.
ATI drivers
Here is the original answer. Run sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh.
Oracle Universal Installer
$ORACLE_HOME/oui/bin/runInstaller

Note that ORACLE_HOME must contain path to Oracle Home directory.
VMWare Workstation
Taken from there. Run vmware-installer --uninstall-product vmware-workstation.
Sources package
In package home directory, run sudo make uninstall.
But in most cases, it is better to search for the distribution-provided package or for package in PPA. The exclusion is Calibre, which recommends install itself using Python script. And it's uninstallation procedure is pretty simple:
sudo rm -rf /opt/calibre/*

Hope it helps.


I am having to use Teamviewer and ssh to access a desktop Ubuntu18.04 computer. If I install updates and it reboots, how can I get my session back?

That is only possible if the receiving Teamviewer does not require a new password. That option needs to be set on the other end not on your end.  I would try to remember what you needed to do to connect the 1st time. If that entails a password be wary... it likely will ask a new one and someone would need to tell you that password.

  Ubuntu 18.04 tells me there are a lot of updates and that I should install and that it would reboot after.

There has never been a time where you are forced to update and forced to reboot. I would wait with the updates unless there is something you really need. From what I read here you already require ssh and teamviewer so more secure it is not likely to get. Just wait with the updates if you want to avoid the risk of not getting a new connection.


Is there a command to either open a website or focus an open browser tab?

Yes it's possible just run the command in the terminal.  You may, in some cases, have to specify the http:// protocol.

You can do that with:

$ firefox http://mail.google.com

By the way, that command might not go directly in to the mail program.  It credential would have to be saved in the browser.  Since Firefox isn't my default browser, in my case using:

$ google.com http://mail.google.com

That will do exactly what you described for me since I called the site from the browser I use.

An alternate command to get the correct browser is:

$ xdg-open http://mail.google.com

Update:

This commandline will focus the current tab or create a new one if gmail isn't already open (the first dollar sign $ is the command prompt.  The command is everything after the command prompt).

$ [[ $(wmctrl -l|egrep "@gmail.*Firefox") ]]&&wmctrl -a $(wmctrl -l|egrep "@gmail.*Firefox"|awk '{print $7}')||firefox http://mail.google.com

Rather than trying to type or paste the long commandline, you can just make a bash script called firefoxmail:

#!/bin/bash

[[ $(wmctrl -l|egrep "@gmail.*Firefox") ]]&&wmctrl -a $(wmctrl -l|egrep "@gmail.*Firefox"|awk '{print $7}')||firefox http://mail.google.com

Then call it with firefoxmail  The .sh extension is optional since you have the shebang at the top and have the exec bit set.


How to record streaming camera video and auto-erase old data before drive fills up?

Reposting user's response so someone can vote this up and we can mark
this post as resolved.

"S/w. I think I've found what I think I need, ZoneMinder"


This fixed it for me as stated here:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6427650/vim-in-tmux-background-color-changes-when-paging#15095377

you need to put

if &term =~ '256color'
    " disable Background Color Erase (BCE) so that color schemes
    " render properly when inside 256-color tmux and GNU screen.
    " see also http://snk.tuxfamily.org/log/vim-256color-bce.html
    set t_ut=
endif

in your .vimrc.


The reason for this is that the Ubuntu plugin has been removed from the normal Qt Creator and moved into a new Ubuntu-specific Qt Creator called Ubuntu SDK. To use the Ubuntu SDK features, now use the application called Ubuntu SDK instead of using Qt Creator.

Here is what the new application looks like:


You can add a repository by add-apt-repostory command, e.g.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi

You can remove a repository by add-apt-repostory -r, e.g.

sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi

You can also purge all packages installed from a repository by ppa-purge. You will need to install it first

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

Then use it this way

sudo ppa-purge ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi

The command will purge all the packages and revert them to the previous ones from the standard repos, if anything has been upgraded from the PPA.

To backup repository lists you can backup the contents of /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory. The lists are stored there.


Enable AMD/Intel hybrid graphics in ubuntu 16.04

You need to install amdgpu -pro with the --px option.

amdgpu-pro-install --px

To switch graphics you can use the script.

/opt/amdgpu-pro/bin/amdgpu-pro-px

The usage will be displayed.

To switch to dGPU run

sudo amdgpu-pro-px --mode performance


I still don't know what the message means, but I booted from USB, installed boot-repair and ran it. This time I did not get the error message. Afterwards the system successfully booted from the HD.


Well it's definitely in there (proof below and here).

oli@tim:~$ apt-cache policy php5
php5:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 5.3.3-1ubuntu9.3
  Version table:
     5.3.3-1ubuntu9.3 0
        500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-updates/main i386 Packages
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-security/main i386 Packages
     5.3.3-1ubuntu9 0
        500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick/main i386 Packages
oli@tim:~$
oli@tim:~$ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=10.10
DISTRIB_CODENAME=maverick
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 10.10"

Suggestions:

Is this a new system? Have you run sudo apt-get update yet?
Is your /etc/apt/sources.list hopelessly corrupted? At the very least it should have some of the following:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu maverick partner


You want to redirect both standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr) to /dev/null.  To do this, replace > with &>.  This is a shortcut specific to bash.  So your code would be:

check_dependency() {
    dpkg -l $1 &> /dev/null
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        # print something saying it is installed
    else
        # print something saying it was not found
    fi
}

However, this would still count a package as being installed if it had been removed but config files remained (as pointed out by @A.B.).  Instead, you could try

check_dependency() {
    # Get the number of packages installed that match $1
    num=$(dpkg -l "$1" 2>/dev/null | egrep '^ii' | wc -l)

    if [ $num -eq 1 ]; then
        # print something saying it is installed
    elif [ $num -gt 1]; then
        # print something saying there is more than one package matching $1
    else
        # print something saying it was not found
    fi
}


Linux (as well as Windows in some configurations) supports physical address extension to work around the 4 GiB limitation of 32 bit operating systems, and the i386 variant of Ubuntu ≥12.04 is PAE enabled.

From what I can see, the Poweredge 2650 has PAE support, but to be sure run grep -m 1 -e '^flags\s*:' /proc/cpuinfo and look for "pae" in the list of processor capabilities.


I am using Android 4.0.4 with Sony experia.This solution work out for me.

Open a terminal in ubuntu 12.04

then

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:langdalepl/gvfs-mtp
sudo apt-get update

then open software update and install available updates.
Then restart the system and after restart your Android phone internal data storage will be listed in the devices automatically.

You can find out detailed information on this link


Given that the netstat output shows dnsmasq is the DHC server here, this mailing list post suggests /var/lib/misc/dnsmasq.leases as the file where leases are stored.


Have you tried using the dd command?

It's a low level disk command, which means it can be very dangerous if you type incorrectly, so proceed with caution!

You will need an Ubuntu live CD or USB to boot from, or an Ubuntu installation on another disk, and you need to know the device name for your SSD, eg /dev/sda. It's really important that you get the device name correct.

This command will overwrite the drive with zeros, which should leave it nice and clean to re-format:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/(your-ssd)

Replacing (your-ssd) with the correct device name.

I can't stress enough how important it is to get the correct device name, and type the command correctly, except by saying that dd is the abbreviation of Disk Destroyer!


Try this:

sudo update-alternatives --install /lib/plymouth/themes/default.plymouth default.plymouth /lib/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-text/ubuntu-text.plymouth 10

and then

sudo update-alternatives --config default.plymouth


Dual Boot Windows 8 and Ubuntu 13.04 on two drives

Grub2's os-prober does not work with UEFI. Bug report shows they just released a fix, but I do not think it is in any current version.
grub2's os-prober creates wrong style (BIOS) chain boot entry

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/grub2/+bug/1024383

When you installed Ubuntu did you install in UEFI mode?
And when you installed Windows did you install in UEFI mode?
And do both gpt partitioned drives have an efi partition?

May have to manually edit UUID of efi partition, but Boot-Repair updated for two drive installs. You may need to chain load to the other efi partition not the usual entry to the same efi partition.

Post the link to the BootInfo report that this creates. Is part of Boot-Repair:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Info

Boot Repair -Also handles LVM, GPT, separate /boot and UEFI dual boot.:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

You can repair many boot issues with this or 'Create BootInfo' report (Other Options) & post the link it creates, so we can see your exact configuration and diagnose advanced problems.


How do I stop ubuntu from detaching minimize/maximuze/close buttons?

You can stop this behaviour by removing indicator-appmenu

You can do this by

sudo apt-get remove indicator-appmenu

This will stop unity from shifting the close,maximise,and maximuze buttons to the top panel


You could add

Defaults        targetpw

to your sudoers file. This will result in sudo asking you for the password of the target user (i.e. root)


This is where I found my answers.

http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1139883.html


How can I create in QML a table of TextInput boxes with background

To get a background with such elements, prefer the TextField component instead (I suggested a similar usage in this answer).

The corresponding code:

import QtQuick 2.0
import Ubuntu.Components 0.1
import QtQuick.Controls 1.1
import QtQuick.Controls.Styles 1.1

MainView {
    id: main
    width: 400
    height: 300

    Column {
        spacing: units.gu(2)
        anchors.centerIn: parent
        TextInput {
            text: "default TextInput"
            cursorVisible: false
            width: main.width - units.gu(25)
        }
        TextField {
            placeholderText: "default TextField"
            width: main.width - units.gu(25)
        }
        TextField {
            placeholderText: "TextField with background"
            width: main.width - units.gu(25)
            text: "TextField with background"
            style: TextFieldStyle {
                textColor: "black"
                background: Rectangle {
                    radius: 5
                    color: "orange"
                    implicitWidth: 100
                    implicitHeight: 24
                    border.color: "#333"
                    border.width: 1
                }
            }
        }
    }
}


Ubuntu 14.04 Centrify Not able to login through GDM

I'm editing my reply with a more detailed and accurate answer.  Please refer to the link below for the answer to your inquiry, I hope it is helpful:

http://community.centrify.com/t5/DirectControl-Express-for-UNIX/Ubuntu-14-04-Centrify-Not-able-to-login-through-GDM/m-p/20494#M4244

I'll summarize the answer here as well just in case:

"Your GDM application is most likely not configured for PAM.  If you try to log in with your AD name (short name will be fine, or even UPN) via SSH, you'll be able to log in.

Another way for you to verify who can log in is this:
In the command line
Perform an adquery user command.  This will show you all the users from AD who can log in to the box.
As root or with sudo, type this:

sudo su -

You should see something like "Created Home Directory" if you type the ID command, you'll see that you're the user, but this is a good test, because uses su and bypasses the GDM.

Since the adjustments from Ubuntu change from version to version, just find out how to PAM-enable the GDM and you'll be golden."

In the future please use the Centrify community page (http://community.centrify.com) for the fastest and most direct help with the Centrify Express component.

Best of luck with your deployment efforts.  If you need further assistance please post further replies in the forum link above and we will gladly provide continued assistance.

Hubert


VirtualBox: Ubuntu guest-OS is sluggish on Mac host-OS, why?

Are you using retina mac? If so, check out following: https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/315931/poor-performance-with-virtual-box-on-macbook-pro-2017/377866#377866

Using second monitor for VM definitely will improve performance. Another workaround could be using remote connection to VM. I installed XRDP on Ubuntu VM on my MBP and using RDP client for access, no issues with performance.
Please check following thread https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=90446&sid=391cad0521a6d2ce5848c78a38033893&start=45 There is another suggestion to use tool for Mac to use additional range of screen resolution, so your VM instance can run smooth on retina display


I had the same question. Then, In https://fossbytes.com/upgrade-ubuntu-18-04-or-19-10-to-ubuntu-20-04/ I read this:

  Also, even after the stable release, you may not get the upgrade
  option to Ubuntu 20.04. It may take a week or more than that.

I guess we shoud simply wait a few days.


Delete confirmation missing when I hit the delete key

Unless this has recently changed without my knowing, there is no way to get a delete confirmation on delete in Ubuntu. This is a feature that has been requested many times in Ubuntu, but is yet to be implemented thus far.


What is causing my networking to fail to start on startup?

I found the solution. I checked the output of dmesg and found that network-manager was repeatedly crashing. I then searched around and found the answer here:

Last upgrade crashes network manager (no internet connection, no applet)

Downgrading libnl and restartring network-manager seems to have worked


Can I install Ubuntu by formatting disk partition c, without loosing my files from other disk partitions

By convention, partition 'c' in UNIX is the whole disk, so reformatting this will destroy all the data on that drive.
Best practices are to back up your files on a USB or other media first and then reinstall the files after installing UNIX.  This way, you don't need to be extra careful about protecting existing data during the install.  If you no longer need windows, it's best to do this even if the data is on a different partition as you can reload the data into a faster and more functional native file system, rather than keeping it in a win/dos filesystem.


Removing unwanted rows from csv file having more than 10 patterns to be matched

Oops! some years late, sorry. For completeness, I'll add a bash related answer.

If you don't mind to get the hands dirty with regular expressions, grep can be your friend:

$ cat test.csv | grep -Es 'oint.*oint'
lidocaine (oint, patch) generic 1   tube of ointment
lidocaine (oint, patch) generic 1   tube of ointment
lidocaine (oint, patch) generic 1   jar of ointment

Here were selected only the rows having 'oint' something in the middle and 'oint' again.

You can use the regex 'or' operator | and add other condition, for example, to have the word 'gel' followed by x%, being x a number from 1 to 20:

$ cat test.csv | grep -Es 'oint.*oint|gel (20|1[0-9]|[1-9])%'
lidocaine (oint, patch) generic 1   tube of ointment
lidocaine (oint, patch) generic 1   tube of ointment
lidocaine (oint, patch) generic 1   jar of ointment
lidocaine hcl (gel 2%, soln 4%) generic 1   patch


Because you have no software installed for VPN.

If you need Cisco Open Connect you can use ...

sudo apt-get install network-manager-openconnect-gnome

There are more packages all depending on a specific VPN or on a group of VPNs (that use the same method).

4 (well 2: openvpn and vpnc where 1 of each is for gnome) of them listed by Thomas in comment ...

sudo apt-get install network-manager-openvpn
sudo apt-get install network-manager-openvpn-gnome
sudo apt-get install network-manager-vpnc
sudo apt-get install network-manager-vpnc-gnome

But don't install them all, pick the one you need for your specific VPN. And all the "vpn" names are listed behind the "network-manager-" (mind the second "-") so they are easy to search in Ubuntu software center.


How to overcome blank login screen using 2 monitors with laptop (Intel i965)

The following solution isn't ideal as it doesn't fix the driver bug, but it does make the login screen visible on the laptop and (one) of the external monitors (after a period of blank when it should have been showing the Lubuntu logo)...

As pointed out by @ravery (thanks!) as my system is set up to use the Lightdm greeter, I can modify the greeter script to enable/disable displays using arandr:

Add a new config file (using sudo) to override the default greeter script using your editor of choice:

sudo gvim /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-myconfig.conf

and enter the following:

# Redirect greeter script to my version
[Seat:*]
greeter-wrapper=/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/my-lightdm-greeter-session

Copy across the existing greeter script and edit it:

sudo cp -p /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-greeter-session /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/my-lightdm-greeter-session
sudo gvim /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/my-lightdm-greeter-session

to add the following line to turn on laptop screen ("LVDS-1") and VGA, but turn off the DVI-D:

xrandr --output LVDS-1 --auto --output VGA-1 --auto --same-as LVDS-1 --output DVI-D-1 --off

Although this only switches on one of the 2 possible external monitors, within Lubuntu the user session can be configured to switch to the desired
monitor setup using the "Monitor Settings" menu item to configure the setup file: ~/.config/autostart/lxrandr-autostart.desktop
(Helpfully even though I have set this file to turn off the laptop screen, when the laptop is used undocked it sensibly ignores this advice and displays on the laptop screen... though this wasn't the case if lxrandr was similarly invoked for the greeter in the my-lightdm-greeter-session script).


I ran xfdesktop on the command line, and the desktop behavior came back. But this only helped for the current session (xfdesktop would not start automatically after logging out and in again).

Then, when logged out, I did mv .cache/sessions ~/; then logged in; and voila, everything worked fine again. After I saw that, I simply deleted the sessions directory which I had moved to ~ before. (I always move config stuff away to check out what happens without it; it is a rather bad idea to just delete things for experiments)


Any drivers for Cisco Linksys AE2500 USB wifi adapter?

Download Windows XP drivers from CISCO and save the .inf,sys and bin files.
Download ndiswrapper and extract it with: tar -xvf ndiswrapper-xxx (replace xxx to match your downloaded file).
Change to the directory created by tar: cd ndiswrapper-xxx
Execute the following commands one after the other:

make
make install
ndiswrapper -i drivername.inf
ndiswrapper -l   ## to verify the installation---should show the driver(s) and device ID>
modprobe ndiswrapper

Reboot and see if there's any change.

If you have an old installation of ndiswrapper, you might want to remove it before starting all the above step.

Refer to this article: Installing cisco linksys AE2500 wireless adapter in Linux


Compiz slightly blurry titlebar font when window is not maximized

After some investigating, it turns out this is caused by a metacity dependency (libmetacity) and not Compiz.

I've filed a bug report here:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/metacity/+bug/1780468


How can I dual boot Ubuntu 13.04 with Windows 7 Home Premium?

You've had a faulty installation i guess. It'd be easier to come up with a solution to this if you could explain the steps you've taken to install Ubuntu on your system, alongwith screenshots of the install process (to show which drive was chosen etc), additionally, it needs to be told as to which drive you installed Ubuntu on.

Standard procedure for installing Ubuntu on a laptop which has Windows pre-installed is as follows-

A)You can choose the install Ubuntu alongside Windows option and then the bootloader does all the work that needs to be done and you're left with minimum tinkering.

B)You can choose the 'Something Else' option, there you'll have to choose one of your hard disks, create a swap area (say 500mb) and a primary partition at the '/' mount point. doing so would lead to your disk being formatted for the necessary operations and then Ubuntu would be installed on your system.

The steps that you followed, were they any different? Plus, are you on a 34 or 64 bit system?


Is it possible to install Ubuntu 14.4 from USB to Sony Vaio notebook

Yes, of course it is possible, here is a list of what you need to do:

Backup
Resize the Windows partition using a Live CD
Start the Ubuntu installation, and setting the Ubuntu partition on the now empty hard drive space
Finish the installation

That is the short story.


The 102nd key (usually found on most European keyboards) has the code <LSGT>. For standard PC102/105 keyboards  it is initially set in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc.


So, you got me curious, and I decided to profile Xorg a bit. Note: I don't have debug symbols installed (and you can't really trust them with optimized code anyway), so the output I got is somewhat scarce, but nonetheless…

$ sudo operf --pid=$(pgrep Xorg) # scroll youtube in chromium for a bit, then interrupt the command
^C
$ opreport -l | head -n 20
[warnings skipped]
CPU: AMD64 family12h, speed 1900 MHz (estimated)
Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (CPU Clocks not Halted) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 100000
samples  %        image name               symbol name
6030     26.0351  r600_dri.so              /usr/lib/dri/r600_dri.so
4717     20.3661  Xorg                     /usr/lib/Xorg
2616     11.2948  radeon                   /radeon
1135      4.9005  drm                      /drm
833       3.5966  libc-2.28.so             _IO_vfscanf
793       3.4239  ttm                      /ttm
686       2.9619  radeon_drv.so            /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/radeon_drv.so
642       2.7719  libglamoregl.so          /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libglamoregl.so
524       2.2624  libEGL_mesa.so.0.0.0     /usr/lib/libEGL_mesa.so.0.0.0
476       2.0552  libc-2.28.so             arena_get2.part.4
465       2.0077  libGLdispatch.so.0.0.0   /usr/lib/libGLdispatch.so.0.0.0
397       1.7141  libglapi.so.0.0.0        /usr/lib/libglapi.so.0.0.0
345       1.4896  libc-2.28.so             exec_comm
328       1.4162  libEGL.so.1.1.0          /usr/lib/libEGL.so.1.1.0
325       1.4032  libpixman-1.so.0.34.0    /usr/lib/libpixman-1.so.0.34.0
178       0.7685  libdrm.so.2.4.0          /usr/lib/libdrm.so.2.4.0
154       0.6649  libfb.so                 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfb.so

Here even more time than in Xorg itself being spent in r600_dri, which is a userspace graphics driver.

The conclusion we can make is that to reduce CPU overhead you need to upgrade your drivers, because there (as in any project, FWIW) constantly new optimizations are going. Of course you hardly notice a difference from a few months of work, but maan, the 11.2.x Mesa version that your 16.04 is using is ancient!

For comparison I pulled up Firefox on youtube, and scrolled for a bit there. Results are below; a number of samples is a bit bigger, perhaps because I scrolled more intensively, or longer, or both.

CPU: AMD64 family12h, speed 1900 MHz (estimated)
Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (CPU Clocks not Halted) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 100000
samples  %        image name               symbol name
13128    41.2558  libc-2.28.so             arena_get2.part.4
8628     27.1142  r600_dri.so              /usr/lib/dri/r600_dri.so
2534      7.9633  Xorg                     /usr/lib/Xorg
1832      5.7572  radeon                   /radeon
776       2.4386  drm                      /drm
677       2.1275  ttm                      /ttm
565       1.7756  libc-2.28.so             _IO_vfscanf
392       1.2319  libglamoregl.so          /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libglamoregl.so
279       0.8768  libEGL_mesa.so.0.0.0     /usr/lib/libEGL_mesa.so.0.0.0
276       0.8674  radeon_drv.so            /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/radeon_drv.so
269       0.8454  libGLdispatch.so.0.0.0   /usr/lib/libGLdispatch.so.0.0.0
242       0.7605  libc-2.28.so             exec_comm
212       0.6662  libglapi.so.0.0.0        /usr/lib/libglapi.so.0.0.0
178       0.5594  libpixman-1.so.0.34.0    /usr/lib/libpixman-1.so.0.34.0
160       0.5028  libEGL.so.1.1.0          /usr/lib/libEGL.so.1.1.0
95        0.2985  libfb.so                 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfb.so
86        0.2703  libdrm.so.2.4.0          /usr/lib/libdrm.so.2.4.0

This time the difference between graphics driver and Xorg is even bigger, in preference of the driver.

However, interestingly, the most dominating entry was glibc's arena_get2.part.4. What could that be? I couldn't find the exact result on google, but I did find this source file which suggests it's most likely about memory allocation.

To reduce the impact of this one you would probably be interested in per-thread malloc cache optimization that is part of glibc 2.26 release. Nowadays, after all that Spectre and Meltdown stuff happened, the optimization matters even more as it becomes even more important to not go into kernel space too often.

I presume, it's libc6 package that Ubuntu Xenial has at 2.23 version. You might be tempted to upgrade this specific one package, but be admonished that it might break something, because this library is at the very core of the system. The best way to get it would be upgrading to 18.04 which has 2.27 version.


after reading the /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/UpdateManager/Core I have discover that the entry 15.10 has been removed on the /var/lib/update-manager-lts.

So, after add the correct entry, my upgrade is running...


I deleted swap partition, what more I should do?

The system will recognize the partition, and will not try to use it as a swap partition.

Use can create a swap file in a partition. There's a good guide here:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwapFaq

(I'm wondering btw - why do you need an extra primary partition? Why can't you use an extended partition?)

If you need more than 4 partitions, the best method is to make your 4th partition Extended Partition (as large as you may need) and then create many more Logical Partitions under it.


How can I remove bluetooth-applet in 11.10?

Have you tried cd /etc/xdg/autostart && sudo sed --in-place 's/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/g' bluetooth-applet.desktop && sudo sed --in-place 's/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/g' bluetooth-applet-unity.desktop then going in to startup applications and unchecking the box? reference here.

Adding the rfkill stuff, should cause any bluetooth devices to not associate.  So your "security problem" is solved.

The applet Is just an indicator.  The Network-Manager applet still starts if it's not managing any interfaces.

The steps above will let you turn off the applet though.


Xubuntu 13.04 Panel items alignment changed

I just figured it out by accident:

Add Separator between the items you want to be left-aligned and right-aligned,
on separator properties toggle "Expand" and select "Transparent".

On the bottom panel add 2 Separators (one on each side of the icon group), toggle both to "Expand" and select both to be "Transparent".


How to Permanently adjust Screen contrast Ubuntu 18.04

You can't do it "permanently", but you can redo the setting at every GUI login by putting a .desktop file in $HOME/.config/autostart/.
Look at examples in /etc/xdg/autostart/


Comprehensive guide to setup android sdk with eclipse on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 64 bit

The following are the steps in setting up android SDK on ubuntu 14.04:

# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# apt-get update and upgrade
# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# For development
# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
sudo apt-get install build-essential

# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# Git
# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
sudo apt-get install git
git --version
#git version 1.9.1

# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
#  (required for adb)
# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
#bash: /usr/local/android-sdk-linux/platform-tools/adb: No such file or directory
sudo apt-get install lib32z1 lib32ncurses5 lib32bz2-1.0
#adb: error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
sudo apt-get install g++-multilib

# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# Android SDK
# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
# DOWNLOAD FOR OTHER PLATFORMS - SDK Tools Only - Linux 32 & 64-bit
# android-sdk_r22.6.2-linux.tgz
tar zxvf android-sdk_r22.6.2-linux.tgz
mv android-sdk-linux android-sdk_r22.6.2-linux
sudo mv android-sdk_r22.6.2-linux /usr/local/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/android-sdk_r22.6.2-linux /usr/local/android-sdk-linux
echo '' >> ~/.profile
echo '# Android SDK' >> ~/.profile
echo 'export ANDROID_SDK_HOME="/usr/local/android-sdk-linux"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:$ANDROID_SDK_HOME/tools"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:$ANDROID_SDK_HOME/platform-tools"' >> ~/.profile
source ~/.profile

# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# Android NDK
# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# https://developer.android.com/tools/sdk/ndk/index.html
# Linux 64-bit (x86)
# android-ndk-r9d-linux-x86_64.tar.bz2
tar xjvf android-ndk-r9d-linux-x86_64.tar.bz2
mv android-ndk-r9d android-ndk-r9d-linux-x86_64
sudo mv android-ndk-r9d-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/android-ndk-r9d-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/android-ndk-linux
echo '' >> ~/.profile
echo '# Android NDK' >> ~/.profile
echo 'export ANDROID_NDK_HOME="/usr/local/android-ndk-linux"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:$ANDROID_NDK_HOME"' >> ~/.profile
source ~/.profile

# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# Android w/Eclipse
# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

# Run android command
# android

# Android SDK Manager
#   Installed
#     Tools - Android SDK Tools 22.6.2
#   default checked
#     Tools - Android SDK Platform-tools 19.0.1
#     Tools - Android SDK Build-tools 19.0.3
#     Android 4.4.2 (API 19) All
#     Extras - Android Support Library 19.1
#   install 13 packages

# Eclipse - Help - Install New Software...
#   Name: ADT Plugin
#   Location: https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/

#   Developer Tools, NDK Plugins

#   Eclipse restart
#   -> Android SDK "Location of the Android SDK has not been setup in the preferences" -> Close
#   -> Welcome to Android Development -> Use exsting SDKs
#   Existing Location: /usr/local/android-sdk-linux
#   -> Next -> Finish

# Confirm : Eclipse - Window - Preferences - Android


Get exclusive lock constant? In ctypes it is O_EXLOCK

I think it maybe OS.Constants.libc.O_EXLOCK. From the MDN:

O_EXLOCK    Atomically obtain an exclusive lock.

There's also an example code which suggests this is the value:

let options = {
  winShare: 0 // Exclusive lock on Windows
};
if (OS.Constants.libc.O_EXLOCK) {
  // Exclusive lock on *nix
  options.unixFlags = OS.Constants.libc.O_EXLOCK;
}
let file = yield OS.File.open(..., options);

I just went through open, the system call that I think actually does the opening. There's no O_EXLOCK listed here, so I presume the constant is not available for that reason. The FreeBSD variant of open and openat lists it, but I don't know what to do with it. According to this SO answer O_EXLOCK may not be available in Linux.


How can I make shortcut keys move the mouse, as an alternative to the touchpad?

Scripted alternative to Universal access (to move the mouse)

Not 100% exactly like you describe, nevertheless an alternative for using the mouse or touchpad. The answer below in fact is an almost exact copy of an answer I posted a long time ago on this question. I deleted it however, since I never had the chance to find out if it was what OP was looking for (no response at all).

In your case, since you only want to use it to move the mouse, you can leave out a number of shortcut keys (the last three) which will also prevent the most "risky" options. The scripted options should work fine any way, without risks on conflicting situations.

Mouse Keys alternative

As mentioned, the script offers basic mouse functionality, as an alternative to the default Mouse Keys- option in System Settings > Universal Access. Unlike Mouse Keys, the mouse pointer is moved (either x- or y wise) by repeated clicks, in two modes:

bigger steps (as it is set now: 50px)
smaller steps to "finish" (as it is set now: 3 px)

To my own surprise, I found it reasonably comfortable to use. It is definitely not the same level as a "real" mouse, but (much) more comfortable than the use of Mouse Keys, at least in my experience. After five minutes to get used to it, I was able to perform practically all "normal" actions; opening applications, drag windows, edit text etc.

Disadvantage

There is however a downside to mention:

Unlike Mouse Keys, the setup does not "claim" the NumPad exclusively. The disadvantage of that is that there is a bigger chance of key clashes, especially with the left/right click and hold the left click -functionality. Although I did not run into insurmountable situations, you might run into some conflicts, and being familiar with general shortcut keys is an advantage.
You will have to try and see if it works for you.

The setup

The script needs xdotool:

sudo apt-get install xdotool

Disable mouse keys (most likely it already is)
Copy the script below into an empty file, save it as mouse(no extension) in ~/bin (create the directory if needed).

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import sys
#--- Don't change these lines:
direction = sys.argv[1]
speed = sys.argv[2]
#--- Change the steps below if you'd like to
big_step = 50
small_step = 3
#---

step = big_step if speed == "fast" else small_step
step = -step if direction == "left" or direction == "up" else step
get = lambda cmd: subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode("utf-8")

def move():
    coords = [int(it.split(":")[1]) for it in get(["xdotool", "getmouselocation"]).split()[:2]]
    if direction in ["left", "right"]:
        cmd = "xdotool", "mousemove", str(coords[0]+step), str(coords[1])
    elif direction in ["up", "down"]:
        cmd = "xdotool", "mousemove", str(coords[0]), str(coords[1]+step)
    subprocess.call(cmd)
move()

Make the script executable.
If you just created ~/bin, either log out/in, or run source ~/.profile, to make the directory "visible" in $PATH.
Now add a number of shortcut keys. All shortcut keys as I set it up are aiming on the use of the NumPad, in combination with Shift+Ctrl (fast move), Ctrl (slow move, mouse left click), Ctrl+Super, (right click, mouse down).

Add the following shortcut keys: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts". Click the "+" and add the commands (11 in total, including mouse keys):

mouse left fast

key combination: Shift+Ctrl+Num Left

mouse right fast

key combination: Shift+Ctrl+Num Right

mouse up fast

key combination: Shift+Ctrl+Num Up

mouse down fast

key combination: Shift+Ctrl+Num Down

And:

mouse left slow

key combination: Ctrl+Num Left

mouse right slow

key combination: Ctrl+Num Right

mouse up slow

key combination: Ctrl+Num Up

mouse down slow

key combination: Ctrl+Num Down

Additionally, I set shortcut keys for:

left-click:

xdotool click 1

key combination: Ctrl+*

right-click:

xdotool click 3

key combination: Ctrl+Super+*)

hold left click (e.g. to grab, use click to release):

xdotool mousedown 1

key combination: Ctrl+Super+/)


How can I change the icon for a binary file on my desktop?

You must be talking about a .desktop file? open it with gedit, find the Icon= line and change the icon to what you want it to be.

Or, the GUI way: right click on the .desktop file > properties > click on the icon and browse to another icon.

By the way, you need to make it executable to have it work from the desktop!


Why is it so difficult to find instructions for upgrading from 11.10 to 12.04?

Do you mean this? The first hit from a Google search of "upgrade ubuntu". http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/upgrade Did you check for updates?

You can also do:

How do I upgrade to a newer version of Ubuntu?


How to install conky-manager on Lubuntu 18.04?

The package can't be located, because you are adding the wrong ppa for your OS version to install conky-manager.

conky-manager in ppa:teejee2008/ppa is only maintained up to and including Ubuntu 16.04, so most of the tutorials that can be found around the internet are outdated as of now.

From Ubuntu 17.10 onwards (so also for Lubuntu 17.10 onwards), you have to use ppa:tomtomtom/conky-manager instead. But as always, beware if you trust an unknown ppa.


How can I revert a one-liner comand which changed some system kernels in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS without any backup and using only system logs?

It's not actually possible to reverse the script.

We have the currently served file for us - but we can't verify that was served to you. Basically you could have been sent anything - rootkits, bitlocker, keylogger, worm, whatever.

That said, assuming the script at https://bitbucket.org/DataspeedInc/dbw_mkz_ros/raw/default/dbw_mkz/scripts/ros_install.bash is what was run, it doesn't do that much:

sudo apt-get remove -y thunderbird transmission-gtk transmission-common unity-webapps-common brasero-common
sudo apt-get purge unity-webapps-common apport

can be reversed by

sudo apt install thunderbird unity-webapps-common

or whichever of the removed programs you want installed. You can check /var/log/apt/history.log to find what was removed and installed. None of them is essential AFAIAA.

Run these lines one at a time.

sudo apt purge ros-*-desktop ros-*-dbw-mkz
sudo rm -i /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-*
sudo apt-key del 421C365BD9FF1F717815A3895523BAEEB01FA116 # not required but cleans up your keys
sudo apt-key del 66F84AE1EB71A8AC108087DCAF677210FF6D3CDA # not required but cleans up your keys
#sudo rm -rf /etc/ros
#sudo rm -rf /opt/ros
rm ~/.config/autostart/joystick_demo.desktop

 and check for errors. Note in two lines you'll have to remove the # from the start, they're very powerful deletions and will ruin your system if they're wrong. They remove everything in the two ros directories.

There are lines in ros_install.bash like:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver lock-enabled false

AFAIK there is no way to tell for sure what your prior setting was. None of the settings seems bad, but you might want to check them (they're readable and obvious).

You'll want to check the end of ~/.bashrc for lines added; remove them with an editor like gedit.

That would appear to reverse the main changes made by the ros_install.bash script.

There are several places where unknown stuff is done that needs deeper diving, the ros-$VAR-desktop package could depend on all sorts of things, and mess up your system. The rosdep init and rosdep update are unexplored above, and again could have made arbitrary changes. The yaml file in the sdk_install.bash could be doing anything, I didn't check.

To round things off you'll want to

sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade

Then reboot.


You can use the shell's built in parameter substitution "${volumes##*|}" which removes the longest initial string matching up to a | character

$ volumes="|test1|test2"
$ echo "${volumes##*|}"
test2

Alternatively, there is cut

$ cut -d\| -f3 <<< "$volumes"
test2

or awk

$ awk -F\| '{print $NF}' <<< "$volumes"
test2


Access to NTFS partition WITH authentication

The OP found the answer (and posted it in a comment).

  I solved it!

  I try to find "udisk" in synaptic and a package named
  "policykit-desktop-privileges" is result from this search.

  This package also install a file in:
  /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla

  I edited first part of this file, com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla:

  [Mounting, checking, etc. of internal drives]
  Identity=unix-group:admin;unix-group:sudo
  Action=org.freedesktop.udisks.filesystem-;org.freedesktop.udisks.drive-ata-smart;[...]org.freedesktop.udisks2.filesystem-fstab;
  ResultActive=auth_admin

– Fabio Nov 7 '12 at 17:59


As I looked up your computer, it's about a laptop.

In my case I use following command: xrandr --output LVDS1 --right-of HDMI1 --auto

My xrandr output:

$ xrandr
Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 1366 x 768, maximum 32767 x 32767
LVDS1 connected primary 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 309mm x 174mm
1366x768       60.0*+   40.0
1360x768       59.8     60.0
1024x768       60.0
800x600        60.3     56.2
640x480        59.9
DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
VIRTUAL1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

Hopefully it helps.


You have first to install the Nepali font in order to use it. You can download the font Here.  Once downloaded open file manager.  For the Kantipur font you can download Here, and just do the same for it.

For other Nepali fonts you can download Here.

When it opens, double click on the file, to open it.

Once it opens double click on the file Nepali.TTF, that will open the font viewer window

When it opens click on install to install the font.

Once installed, go ahead and open Libreoffice Writer, and change the font to the Nepali font as shown in the image below.


It might be problem with VirtualBox configuration. If so, changing the "Host Audio Driver" to "Pulseaudio" may fix it.

Check the answer at Genymotion android emulator sound problem on the Linux Mint Forums. As Jamkirk wrote in this post:

  I have the exact same setup as you and fixed this by going in to the
  Oracle VM Virtualbox settings for the VM that Genymotion creates. Go
  to Settings -> Audio -> Host Audio Driver and change it to PulseAudio.

  It still crackles sometimes but its a big improvement


Have you tried reinstalling the driver? Because if it had to be manually installed try and see if you can reinstall. Ubuntu 16.04 was just released a few hours ago. so you can try and see if it will connect to wifi in the live CD/USB


Wine: Company Of Heroes - Tales Of Valor GameInst.exe Encountered A Serious Problem

It may be problem with wine version, try installing with another version of wine, on WineHQ appdb Company Of Heroes has ranking platinum and everything is working with wine version 1.9.15. Maybe PlayOnLinux is doing right when installing wine 1.5.


Installing from source a package that has already been installed by the package manager

Supply LD_LIBRARY_PATH on launch.

Or on compilation:

-Wl,-rpath=/usr/weird/lib

See what libraries will be used by the executable:

ldd myprogram


What partition settings should I use when setting up a new hard drive?

First, you must distinguish between partitions (in your example: / and /boot), and file systems. What partitions one uses often very much depends. I'd always recommend placing /home on a separate partition: This way you can even re-format everything else, but still keep all your user data and settings. Also, swap should go to its own partition (not much alternatives but using swap files, which is not that performant). Everything else is quite optional.

So depending on your disk size, partiotioning might look a bit different. Assuming at least a 500GB disk, my recommendation would be as follows:

/ with 20..40GB on ext4, primary partition
swap with (depends*) GB, primary partition
extended partition with the remaining space**
/home using the remaining space in the extended partition (as logical partition), ext4

*) Swap: Many different opinions here. I hold that with disk sizes today, it cannot hurt still reserving the size of RAM (or a bit more) for swap, just in case. I'd give it 5..10GB.

**) using an extended partition here gives you more freedom to change things later, resizing this partition, splitting it to allow for some more. Primary partitions are restricted to 4 per disk -- but you can have as many logical partitions as you like. Well, almost...


You don't see any error messages because the semicolon in this specific case is optional. It is because it's right before the closing php tag. Missing it in this location is still acceptable (even if not recommendable) syntax.
I took this info from here, then followed the link to the php documentation's corresponding page.

If you want to rely on this output from the development php server, you can do an extra step to ensure that you really don't miss anything, by using the error_reporting() function.
Putting these lines
ini_set('display_errors', 1);
error_reporting(E_ALL);

at the beginning of your script will ensure that even the smallest concerns will get printed in the console.

If you are learning php and using the development server to sharpen your skills, you could permanently enable these adjustments (so that you don't have to remember to put the above snippets in all your scripts).
For this, you need to find the php interpreter's configuration file, which is called php.ini.
Putting the following line in any of your scripts
phpinfo();

and subsequently looking at the output in a browser will summarize the configuration in a graphical fashion. The php.ini file's location is in the row labelled with: "Loaded Configuration File".
An alternative way would be issuing the command in terminal
php --ini

with similar results.
You can now open this file in an editor (sudo will be necessary to save the file, if it's in a system directory), search for the lines starting with error_reporting and display_errors, and edit them to your liking.
Right in php.ini itself, a handy in-line documentation will precede these lines, explaining the exact values and syntax you may use.

Depending on the progress you make in authoring applications, relying on the php development server's output for debugging may soon prove itself unsatisfactory.
For debugging done proper (and benefit from "entire new dimensions" of possibilities), one could consider installing and using a dedicated IDE (Integrated Development Environment), like PhpStorm or Apache Netbeans, and learn the ins and outs of debugging with these applications.


I had a very similar issue to this when I was using Ubuntu. Only way I could fix the constant freezing seemed to be to reinstall using my installation flash drive. However after a couple months it always seemed to come back, so I switched to Lubuntu. Seems to happen there as well.


Jupiter is no longer being supported, so I think it will be getting harder to install it on newer distributions like 13.04 (which I assume you are using), besides not receiving any further fixes or updates. My advice is to stay away from it and try some alternatives likeTLP, that features similar power saving optimization.


Why was Altera PCIe Vid Did removed in 12.04LTS

I don't know why. But the file /usr/share/misc/pci.ids contains the mapping between pci ids and textual description. The database is maintained by volunteers.

The following command will update this database with the neweset changes from the maintainer at http://pci-ids.ucw.cz/

sudo update-pciids


What determines which icon is shown for a running program?

I bet it has to do with the StartupWMClass, the last line of both desktop files; specifically, the confusion stems from how their values are identical.
From this post we can see that StartupWMClass is used to describe what application is responsible for a window (in case an application is creating several different kind of windows).
Now if you have two separate applications in your scenario, you possibly don't even need the StartupWMClass declaration; or at least, definitely not with identical values in both desktop files.


Your problem is not ubuntu based, but is network issue. If you closely see it says : error are below wget: unable to resolve host address ‘github.com’ which means that your DNS server cannot find github.com . Check your /etc/resolv.conf and try to ping or dig github.com after you fix your dns server issue.


Thumbnails are stored in ~/.cache/thumbnails.  Simply deleting everything in there will reset your thumbnails, causing them to be recreated according to the global settings.  I'm afraid I can't think of a way to prevent a specific directory from being thumbnailed.

Note: In Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise Pangolin) and older, the thumbnails are stored in ~/.thumbnails. But please verify this for your own distro. Lubuntu 12.10 (a clean install) has its thumbnails in ~/.thumbnails and there is no thumbnails subfolder in ~/.cache.


Some menu items of libreoffice only show a dash or are invisible

I think your system misses the required language pack to show the correct word suitable to the language you have been used.Please run the Language Support application and install the one you need.Dont forget to click Apply System wide too.


About the proc filesystem
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procfs
http://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/proc-fs.html
Below an extract of http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/proc.5.html

   /proc/[pid]/mountinfo (since Linux 2.6.26)
          This file contains information about mount points in the
          process's mount namespace (see mount_namespaces(7)).  It sup‐
          plies various information (e.g., propagation state, root of
          mount for bind mounts, identifier for each mount and its par‐
          ent) that is missing from the (older) /proc/[pid]/mounts file,
          and fixes various other problems with that file (e.g., nonex‐
          tensibility, failure to distinguish per-mount versus per-
          superblock options).

          The file contains lines of the form:

36 35 98:0 /mnt1 /mnt2 rw,noatime master:1 - ext3 /dev/root rw,errors=continue
(1)(2)(3)   (4)   (5)      (6)      (7)   (8) (9)   (10)         (11)

          The numbers in parentheses are labels for the descriptions
          below:

          (1)  mount ID: a unique ID for the mount (may be reused after
               umount(2)).

          (2)  parent ID: the ID of the parent mount (or of self for the
               root of this mount namespace's mount tree).

               If the parent mount point lies outside the process's root
               directory (see chroot(2)), the ID shown here won't have a
               corresponding record in mountinfo whose mount ID (field
               1) matches this parent mount ID (because mount points
               that lie outside the process's root directory are not
               shown in mountinfo).  As a special case of this point,
               the process's root mount point may have a parent mount
               (for the initramfs filesystem) that lies outside the
               process's root directory, and an entry for that mount
               point will not appear in mountinfo.

          (3)  major:minor: the value of st_dev for files on this
               filesystem (see stat(2)).

          (4)  root: the pathname of the directory in the filesystem
               which forms the root of this mount.

          (5)  mount point: the pathname of the mount point relative to
               the process's root directory.

          (6)  mount options: per-mount options.

          (7)  optional fields: zero or more fields of the form
               "tag[:value]"; see below.

          (8)  separator: the end of the optional fields is marked by a
               single hyphen.

          (9)  filesystem type: the filesystem type in the form
               "type[.subtype]".

          (10) mount source: filesystem-specific information or "none".

          (11) super options: per-superblock options.

          Currently, the possible optional fields are shared, master,
          propagate_from, and unbindable.  See mount_namespaces(7) for a
          description of these fields.  Parsers should ignore all unrec‐
          ognized optional fields.

          For more information on mount propagation see: Documenta‐
          tion/filesystems/sharedsubtree.txt in the Linux kernel source
          tree.


How can I create Ubuntu users in a small office so they all can login in any computer in the room?

Depending on your needs, you need three things:

LDAP server: which handles the authentication part. There you can access the database of users (create, update and delete them)
NFS filesystem: which syncronizes the home folders of your users across the different PCs (as an alternative you can look at GlusterFS)
A local server (with appropriate storage)

If you want just the authentication part, then LDAP alone should be enough (and you can host the LDAP on a VPS, no need for a local server). If you also need the syncing of the home directories then an NFS filesystem and a local server is required.


Cannot start something different than Windows 10 after update

When you install Windows, Windows assumes it is the only operating system (OS) on the machine, or at least it does not account for Linux. So it replaces GRUB with its own boot loader. What you have to do is replace the Windows boot loader with GRUB. I've seen various instructions for replacing GRUB by mucking around with GRUB commands or some such, but to me the easiest way is to simply chroot into your install and run update-grub. chroot is great because it allows you to work on your actual install, instead of trying to redirect things here and there. It is really clean.

Here's how:

Boot from the live CD or live USB, in "Try Ubuntu" mode.
Determine the partition number of your main partition. GParted (which should already be installed, by default, on the live session) can help you here. I'm going to assume in this answer that it's /dev/sda2, but make sure you use the correct partition number for your system!
Mount your partition:

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt   #Replace sda2 with your partition number

Bind mount some other necessary stuff:

for i in /sys /proc /run /dev; do sudo mount --bind "$i" "/mnt$i"; done

If Ubuntu is installed in EFI mode (see this answer if you're unsure), use GParted to find your EFI partition. It will have a label of EFI. Mount this partition, replacing sdXY with the actual partition number for your system:

sudo mount /dev/sdXY /mnt/boot/efi

chroot into your Ubuntu install:

sudo chroot /mnt

At this point, you're in your install, not the live session, and running as root. Update grub:

update-grub

If you get errors or if going up to step 7 didn't fix your problem, go to step 8. (Otherwise, it is optional.)
Depending on your situation, you might have to reinstall grub:

grub-install /dev/sda
update-grub # In order to find and add windows to grub menu.

If everything worked without errors, then you're all set:

exit
sudo reboot

At this point, you should be able to boot normally.
If you cannot boot normally, and didn't do step 8 because there were no error messages, try again with step 8.

Sometimes giving GRUB2 the correct configuration for your partitions is not enough, and you must actually install it (or reinstall it) to the Master Boot Record, which step 8 does. Experience helping users in chat has shown that step 8 is sometimes necessary even when no error messages are shown.


Verify if root is encrypted or just home -

You can check your partitions with the command lsblk.

If your root partition is encrypted, you should have output similar to the following

├─sdaX                              8:3    0    80G  0 part
│ └─cryptvol (dm-0)               252:0    0    80G  0 crypt
│   └─vgcrypt-lvcryptoroot (dm-1) 252:1    0    80G  0 lvm   /

The second line indicates a dm-crypt encrypted volume.


Yes, you need to be root. If I understood correctly, with "I lack root privileges" you meant that you needed root privileges but you didn't know how to "use these privileges" inside the file manager.

The directory path should be this: /usr/share/example-content/Ubuntu_Free_Culture_Showcase so you can delete files using the terminal (command line method) or using your file manager (graphical method).

Command line

You can do this by running these commands into the terminal: first change your current directory to "Ubuntu_Free_Culture", using:

cd /usr/share/example-content/Ubuntu_Free_Culture_Showcase

Now you can check the file list with: ls.

And remove every file you want to remove by running:

sudo rm FILENAME

Remember to replace FILENAME with the name of the file you want to remove.

Graphical

You can just run your file manager (nautilus for Ubuntu, pcmanfm for Lubuntu) with the root privileges, running:

Ubuntu/GNOME Ubuntu:

sudo nautilus /usr/share/example-content/Ubuntu_Free_Culture_Showcase

Lubuntu/LXDE:

sudo pcmanfm /usr/share/example-content/Ubuntu_Free_Culture_Showcase

Now you can modify/remove every file.


How to reinstall ubuntu 14.04 without cd drive or usb

Since you already have grub installed, you could boot directly from the iso file you downloaded.

First run: sudo apt-get install grml-rescueboot

Then move your iso file to the /boot/grml folder with: sudo mv ~/Downloads/filename.iso /boot/grml/. Change the filename and its path accordingly.

Then update grub with: sudo update-grub. If this doesn't work, you could create a manual entry in grub.

Open the /etc/grub.d/40_custom file with sudo gedit /etc/grub.d/40_custom and add the following lines:

 menuentry "Ubuntu 12.04 ISO" {
     set isofile="/home/<username>/Downloads/ubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386.iso"
     # or set isofile="/<username>/Downloads/ubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386.iso"
     # if you use a single partition for your $HOME
     loopback loop (hd0,5)$isofile
     linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile noprompt noeject
     initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
 }

Modify accordingly.

Reboot your computer and you should find a new menu entry in Grub associated with your ISO file. Choose this open and install as usual.

Source: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot


CoinMP Solver on LibreOffice Calc not available

I just noticed in the libreoffice changelog (in Linux Mint, but it looks like this is also the Ubuntu version):
libreoffice (1:7.1.2~rc2-0ubuntu0.20.04.1~lo3) focal; urgency=medium

* Backport from hirsute
* Enable CoinMP support

See https://launchpadlibrarian.net/529778243/libreoffice_7.1.2~rc2-0ubuntu0.20.04.1~lo3_source.changes and https://launchpadlibrarian.net/529912485/libreoffice_7.1.2~rc2-0ubuntu0.20.10.1~lo3_source.changes


Slow and Unreliable Internet with EDIMAX EW-7811Un N150

You might want to check if power management is enabled on the WiFi dongle as this can lead to unreliable connections. You can check using the iwconfig command (e.g. for wlan0):

iwconfig wlan0

To disable power management use:

iwconfig wlan0 power off

There are also other parameters that may be adjusted to improve reliability (e.g. retry, rts, etc) using iwconfig and/or the iw command. The iw command relies upon the nl80211 module which isn't always available - e.g the Edimax card on Raspberry Pi currently doesn't support nl80211 but iwconfig still works.


Are there any alternative programs to Proteus available?

If you are talking about the medical software; then this is a link to a Linux version:

  http://www.proteme.org/download3.html

If you are talking a PCB design software the following are potential alternatives:

KiCad
PCB Designer
gEDA
Visolate
Fritzing

They are all available in the software center.


You are in luck BECAUSE you are using version 12.04.  The following advice either does not work in 14.04, or if it does I've not figured out how to manage it.  So far only two of the 50 or so people I support have upgraded to 14.04 or higher, and they seem to be getting by, okay, but I have yet to see the advantage, and I dread having to figure out how to fix it if they run into a problem like yours.

What I'm about to suggest may or may not fix the problem to your satisfaction, if at all, but it may yield critical information for solving the actual problem.

Next time you are at the pre-login screen, where the default kernel is listed at the top, select the menu choice "Previous Linux versions" and then open one of those, preferably fairly recent.

My assumption here is that your inexplicable failure may have been due to a kernel change which was unfortunately incompatible with your virtual machine.  I realize VM's are supposed to cater to an operating system's every whim, but what if it was configured one way, and then the kernel changed?

I've only seen this one time and on a Toshiba laptop which was straight up, and not a VM.  It was extremely frustrating to solve in so much as I was never entirely able to solve it, but merely restore useful function of the computer with some annoyance for its owner.  To this day the owner has to select that menu choice every time in order just to boot the computer.  He's also new to Ubuntu and this hasn't impressed him in the least.

If this helps, and better still, if you can figure out how to solve it without as much inconvenience, please be sure to let me know both for my continuing education, and of course for my unfortunate friend.


You should upgrade: support for Ubuntu 11.04 officially ended on 28 October 2012, so it's not actually supported anymore. I'm not really sure why you don't believe there are no updates.


How to use Yamanha MCR-B142 Bluetooth connection as audio output speakers?

After a long journey i managed to make it work. It is some kind of bugs in 14.04. After trying a lot the comment 15 in the bug:
 https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/1283003

solved the problem!