Update available via software updater but not apt-get dist-upgrade

In order to use dist-upgrade to migrate to a newer release of Debian to Ubuntu, you must edit your sources first. Otherwise, apt won't know about the new release's sources.

In Ubuntu, however, the recommended way to doing a release-upgrade is the do-release-upgrade command. This will edit your sources for you, and do the dist-upgrade for you.


Not finding linux headers for 4.10.0-28-generic

The current kernel version for your system is 4.10.0-28 which was shipped with 17.04 Zesty while 18.04 Bionic is shipped with 4.15.xxx... That's the reason why you're getting this error. Try installing newer kernel such as 4-15.0-43 (as of now this is the current kernel in my main installation). First of all determine which kernel you install from repository. For this run:

sudo apt update
apt-cache search linux-headers

And install that using:

sudo apt install linux-headers-4-15.0-43

You can replace 4-15.0-43 with any of the version available.

To know which Ubuntu version has which kernel version, see @Rinzwind's answer on List of Ubuntu Versions with Corresponding Linux Kernel Version


How do I install Ubuntu without erasing Windows 10

Creating dual boot is relatively easy regardless of what os came first on the machine.
In your case, you want to install ubuntu when Windows already exists, and by using the live method. It is a simple matter of choosing 1-2 options at the installation menu.

Here is a good guide with screen captures of the necessary steps that might be useful: How to dual-boot Linux and Windows


Does auto updating work across major versions?

11.10 is not out yet. only the alpha has been released and the final version will be released in october and you will notified through the update manager when that happens .


How do I turn off the feature where a window grays out when it's thinking?

Oh sorry for the thing I took otherway. Now I understood your problem. Graying out unresponsive window is an inbuilt feature with option, which you can turn off. It comes for compiz, which worked for me with the following tweak:

Go to System -> Preferences -> CompizConfig Settings Manager -> Effects -> Fading Windows and then just to option for Dim Unresponsive Window and you can set the option as per your requirement.

More changes about compiz can be found here.
Not sure about gnome.


How to install software to a different hard drive?

Could you not expand your current partition? I would advise (if that is not possible) that you don't install the programs, but you have your Home space (i.e. Documents, Downloads etc) on there - that is probably much easier than trying to install over there.


Blank screen after entering password on login screen after clonezilla restore

I had this problem once, I resolved it by fixing my /etc/fstab file which had incorrectly set my /home drive. But as you mentioned, it's a single partition. I also once resolved it by reinstalling the ubuntu-desktop package.

This issue is fairly wide-spread throughout the Ubuntu community. There are several other users who have had this issue and the various resolutions seem to point towards some sort of issue with either the graphics card drivers, Unity, or Compiz.
A point of confusion however is the difference between blank screen and black screen.

Here's a "blank" screen problem:

In this scenario, a user has a problem similar to the one you described: A blank screen when they attempt to login. This is different however due to the fact that they are using a physical computer as opposed to a virtual machine and also because they are not returned to the login prompt after a short delay.

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1982094

The problem was resolved when the user reinstalled Ubuntu without checking the "Install third-party proprietary software" box at install, preventing the Nvidia drivers from being installed.

Here's another blank screen error. This one is a bit more similar to your problem since it's a virtual machine.

The problem that the asker had was that after installing 12.10, when they attempted to login it would go straight to a blank screen:

Ubuntu 12.10 desktop/interface not showing on VirtualBox VM after login screen

It was apparently resolved by using Gnome Classic.

What I actually suggest you do first is that you install or update the VMware Tools.

http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1022525

This site provides instructions on how to install VMware tools on an Ubuntu virtual machine.

If that doesn't work, I would suggest is that you try reinstalling Compiz.

How can I remove and re-install Unity?

This worked for me, so I hope it will work for you as well. I've heard this can be caused by a great number of issues, so I sincerely wish you the best of luck.


How can I Display a Progress Bar in mplayer?

Ok. I figured out that one can press o button to toggle OSD (On-Screen Display) and that shows video length/played length.


How to install Pulseaudio on ubuntu 13.10

Is pulseaudio available in ubuntu software center? You can easily install from there in one click. Or you can go through the following link
 http://www.webupd8.org/2013/03/install-pulseaudio-with-built-in-system.html


Remove app icon from title bar in GNOME in Ubuntu 18.04

Launch (GNOME) Tweaks and go to the "Top Bar" section. Then toggle on the "Application Menu" option.


It seems to be possible to change any icon you want.

There's a link here: http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2014/03/how-to-change-an-application-icon-in-ubuntu-unity-tips/ that worked for Ubuntu 14.04, so should work for Ubuntu 16.04 in the same way.

You'll have to go find the icon you liked (should be able to download it if you can't find it on your system).

It's possible that an update to the package in the future might replace your changed icon if the package itself has an update to it's original icon.

Fairly unlikely though.


pdf and document browser ( like image browser but for pdf )

"converseen" program claims itself to be able to manage PDF and EPDF files, as seen on:
http://converseen.fasterland.net/what-formats-are-supported-by-converseen/

I haven't tried myself, but you can give it a try. I hope it helps.


the easier way I think is like this:

1. Launch the Software Updater
Press the Superkey (Windows key) to launch the Dash and search for Update Manager

2. Check for updates
Select the tab called "Updates". Then set the "Notify me of a new Ubuntu version" dropdown menu to "For any new version". Press Alt+F2 and type in "update-manager" (without the quotes) into the command box. The Update Manager should open up and tell you: New distribution release '15.04' is available. Click Upgrade and follow the on-screen instructions.

3. Install the upgrade
A message will appear informing you of the availability of the new release. Click Upgrade and follow the on-screen instructions.

I hope this helped you :)

INFO link: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/upgrade


Ubuntu 17.10 with two screens, mouse not working

This solution seemed to fix it for me.

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

Solution from a similar question.


huwai 1731 ( mobile broadband ) not working with dell inspiron 3521

It works for me when i plugged it into USB 2.0 port.But if its connected to USB 3.0 port it doesn't recognized as modem.


Impossible to find socket of mysql ( MariaDb installed)

Solution 1:

Make sure that you have installed the mysql-server, not the mysql-client or something else. If you didn't install mysql-server, then the file would not exist. So install mysql-server.

Solution 2:

If the mysql-server is already installed and is running, then you need to check the config files.

The config files are located at:

/etc/my.cnf

/etc/mysql/my.cnf

/var/lib/mysql/my.cnf

In /etc/my.cnf, the socket file config may be /tmp/mysql.sock

and

in /etc/mysql/my.cnf the socket file config may be /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock.

So, remove or rename /etc/mysql/my.cnf, and let mysql use as /etc/my.cnf.


Tell getent what service you want to query, like this:

getent -s files passwd
getent -s sss   passwd
getent          passwd

The last line merges the "files" and "sss" entries.  The "files" entries are from /etc/passwd.

The "sss" entries are from the SSSD service.  However, for this to work, you must have "enumerate = true" in /etc/sssd/sssd.conf, and of course the SSSD service has to be working.


Unable to select .ISO file in Startup Disk Creator

Startup Disk Creator is not a general purpose ISO burner.  It is best used to make an install media of the current running Ubuntu system.  On some Ubuntu releases, Startup Disk Creator will even fail to make a disk with an ISO of the next release.  In some cases it will actually write an unbootable media, mixing inconsistent bits and pieces from the ISO and running system.

Lowest level is to use dd to copy the ISO directly to the media, but a tool like mkusb might be better, to provide some sanity checking on where you are writing to. The right click mentioned in another answer should work too.


How to set kate's vi mode to show absolute line numbers?

The issue is that relative line numbers are available only with the Vi editing mode, and hence their settings are together with those of the Vi mode instead of being near the border settings.


Thunderbird with Lightning and Google provider no longer working?

by chance I did that last night:

-delete first the old "network calendar(s)"

-choose new calendar

-choose google

-insert your email adress and your password

a window opens showing you your google calendars

-choose the calendars you want to syncronize with Lightning

Done


To start an ssh server open the terminal app and issue the command sudo service ssh start.

By default only key-pair authentication is enabled so you'll have to add your public key (from the other machine) to the file /home/phablet/.ssh/authorized_keys on your tablet to be able log on via ssh.

This works fine for me so I haven't investigated setting up password authentication.


Why does Launchpad fail to find 'glib-compile-schemas' while building for PPA?

Your build dependencies are incomplete. From your build log I can see that it tries to install (upgrade) the libglib2.0-0 package. However, glib-compile-schemas is provided by the libglib2.0-bin package which is not a dependency of libglib2.0-0.

To solve this, add libglib2.0-dev as build dependency which will install both libglib2.0-bin and libglib2.0-0.


Won't proceed beyond login screen after upgrading from 14.04 to 14.10

I had the same problem but after another partial upgrade with 14.10.

The solution for me was to start in safe mode, press shift key while the system loads. Then chose a safe mode, enable networking, then go to command prompt or shale.

Then reinstall the video drivers by adding a ppa and update the system with apt-get install, and reset the unity desktop with these commands:

dconf reset -f /org/compiz/

setsid unity

unity --reset-icons

then, reboot

Alternatively, you can use a live cd and connect to the root partition of your original installation by tipping: http://www.webupd8.org/2014/01/how-to-fix-non-bootable-ubuntu-system.html

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
for i in /sys /proc /run /dev /dev/pts; do sudo mount --bind "$i" "/mnt$i"; done
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/
sudo chroot /mnt


Google-Chrome 10 stable crash on every page

Google Chrome is closed source. That makes it more difficult to debug the program compared to open source applications.

Uninstall google-chrome and install the open source browser chromium-browser instead:

sudo apt-get remove google-chrome && sudo apt-get install chromium-browser

google-chrome will clean itself up by removing their repository from apt.

There are some differences between the proprietary Google Chrome and Chromium Browser, but I have not missed any features yet.


Please follow the following link for an Answer to your Question.

Why is Update Manager giving "Failed to fetch CD-ROM..." errors?

Have Fun !


Why does my Ubuntu One upload rate vary so much over a cellular connection?

The pattern you describe sounds like your upload is being throttled, but not smoothly, which is why you see these bursts followed by very slow speeds.

  connected to the Internet through an Android Wi-Fi hotspot.

If you are using your mobile connection (via a "hotspot" created on your Android device), then note that cellular upload speeds are often much lower than download speeds.
Your cellular provider may deliberately be throttling your data upload speeds.
Your speed may also be affected by the extra "hop" -- between your computer and the Android device.
On your/Ubuntu One's side, all you can do is check that you have not set Ubuntu One to itself limit upload speed:


How can I install `flashplugin-installer` and `ttf-mscorefonts-installer` without an Internet connection?

You'll need a computer of the same architecture as the offline computer. This computer needs to be the same computer architecture as the offline computer (i.e: i386 32-bit or i686 64-bit). It needs to be running the same release of Ubuntu as the offline computer.

On the online computer:

Download the needed packages:

Create a directory in your home folder named files-downloaded.
On the online computer, launch Synaptic. Under Ubuntu 11.04, this easily done by pressing the windows button, and then typing synaptic package manager.
Find the package named flashplugin-installer, right-click on it and mark it for installation. If it is already installed, mark it for re-installation.
If a dialog window asks you to install libnspr4-0d, click Mark. If this dialog doesn't appear, you will need to find libnspr4-0d yourself and mark it for re-installation.
Find the package named ttf-mscorefonts-installer, right-click on it and mark it for installation. If it is already installed, mark it for re-installation.
If a dialog window asks you to install cabextract, click Mark. If this dialog doesn't appear, you will need to find cabextract yourself and mark it for re-installation.
Find the package named debconf-utils and mark it for installation or re-installation as necessary. This package is required later on to set the offline location of the additional files we are going to download.
Click File->Generate package download script, and save the script under the files-download directory with the name download-packages.
Open a terminal by pressing the windows key and typing terminal.
Type the following. This will download all the required .deb files to the files-downloaded folder.

cd ~/files-downloaded
sudo chown username:username download-packages
chmod +x download-packages
./download-packages

Download the fonts:

Save the following code as files-downloaded/download-fonts:

#!/bin/bash

set -e

FONTS='andale32.exe arial32.exe arialb32.exe comic32.exe courie32.exe
georgi32.exe impact32.exe times32.exe trebuc32.exe verdan32.exe webdin32.exe'

URLROOTS="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/
    http://switch.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
    http://mesh.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
    http://dfn.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
    http://heanet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
    http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
    http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
    http://ufpr.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
    http://internode.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
    http://voxel.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
    http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
    http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/"

for font in $FONTS
do
    for website in $URLROOTS
    do
        if ! wget -c ${website}${font} ; then
            continue 1;
        fi
        break
    done
done

echo Done

Open a terminal and type the following:

cd ~/files-downloaded
chmod +x download-fonts
./download-fonts

Download the Flash plugin tarball:

Save the following code as files-downloaded/download-flash:

#!/bin/bash

set -e

# Ensure that the flash plugin is installed and the latest version:
sudo apt-get install -y flashplugin-installer

FLASH_VERSION_LINE=$(grep -m 1 ^FLASH_VERSION= /var/lib/dpkg/info/flashplugin-installer.postinst)

eval $FLASH_VERSION_LINE

echo Flash version: "$FLASH_VERSION"

FILENAME=adobe-flashplugin_${FLASH_VERSION}.orig.tar.gz
PARTNER_URL=http://archive.canonical.com/pool/partner/a/adobe-flashplugin/$FILENAME

wget -c "$PARTNER_URL"

echo Done

Open a terminal and type the following:

cd ~/files-downloaded
chmod +x download-flash
./download-flash

Transfer:

Now copy the folder named files-downloaded to a USB stick or use your favourite file synchronising service. This folder should have 11 .exe files, one .tar.gz file, five .deb files and three scripts.

On the offline computer:

Copy the folder named files-downloaded to your home directory.
Run the following in a terminal:

cd ~/files-downloaded
sudo dpkg -i debconf-utils_*.deb cabextract_*.deb libnspr4-0d_*.deb

echo flashplugin-installer flashplugin-installer/local string ~/files-downloaded/ | sudo debconf-set-selections
echo ttf-mscorefonts-installer msttcorefonts/dldir string ~/files-downloaded/ | sudo debconf-set-selections

sudo dpkg -i flashplugin-installer_*.deb
sudo dpkg -i ttf-mscorefonts-installer_*.deb

echo flashplugin-installer flashplugin-installer/local string | sudo debconf-set-selections
echo ttf-mscorefonts-installer msttcorefonts/dldir string | sudo debconf-set-selections

You're done! That was a lot more complicated than it should have been, but sadly both Adobe and Microsoft restrict the distribution of Flash and their fonts respectively. This is the only legal way to get round their strict licensing.

Just add if you are bugged with install of flashplugin-installer failing due to dependency update-notifier-common you can use the below steps to reinstall update-notifier-common:

Delete the files under /usr/share/package-data-downloads:

sudo rm -f /usr/share/package-data-downloads/*

Install update-notifier-common again:

sudo apt-get install update-notifier-common

This should now complete without attempting to download flash or fonts
    Rerun the script in the last part it should just work


There is properly only one way... cut the wire feeding power to the fan.

It is not Ubuntu who starts that fan but your BIOS/Mainboard, you may be able to do some tweaking in your BIOS but i doubt it will work for the out of suspend time.


Stop terminal auto executing when pasting a command

There's no auto execution.
You probably are also copying a line break (or more) after the command.

If you paste a command with a break, the shell (command line) thinks that you hit the break (Enter, Return) button by yourself.

This answer only explains why OP is getting the undesired behaviour. However, in another answer, there is a real solution to the OP’s problem.


Missing 'Browse' button in Rhythmbox Menu

Press F11 when Rhythmbox is running.

It will go in  in Party Mode. Now you can found Setting button on top right corner.


How to install a single new ubuntu os removing a dual boot os system?

Yes and it's very easy.

Download an Ubuntu OS iso. Click me.
Create a bootable USB drive. Click for explanation from ubuntu.com. The documentation explains also how to create it from a Linux distribution. I'm sorry but I can't post that link, I don't have enough reputation.
Insert the USB drive and boot it. For this step, you can just restart and press the boot key for your motherboard (usually F8) and select the USB drive. Otherwise, enter the BIOS and then, in the Boot Menu, put the USB drive to the top.
The OS will boot and you can choose between "Try Ubuntu" or "Install Ubuntu". You can try it live if you want, but a direct installation is the best solution in most of the cases.
The only thing you need to change is the partition table. When asked, select "Something Else". Now you can edit your partitions. If you want to erase all other partitions, just select every partition and click the - symbol to delete it.

WARNING: THIS WILL DELETE ALL THE FILES IN THE PARTITION. BE SURE TO HAVE A BACKUP OF YOUR IMPORTANT DATA.

Now you only have free space. Click the + symbol to add partitions. You'll need 3 partitions for a standard setup: a 20~30GB ext4 partiton with mount point set to /. A 2048MB (= 2GB) partiton as swap area. A xxGB (remaining space) ext4 partition with mount point set to /home.

You're done. Complete the installation and you have your Ubuntu OS with nothing more.


Add the bin directory from your clone to your PATH.

For example, if the git clone is in your home directory, use:

export PATH=~/elixir/bin:$PATH

Although looking at the source, it looks like what you should really be doing is installing it:

$ cd ~/elixir
$ git pull
$ make
$ sudo make install

This will install elixir in /usr/local/bin, which should already be on your PATH.


What "gotchas" should I watch out for when installing Ubuntu on the Nexus 7?

The installer has several steps that can take quite a long time (up to about 15 minutes). The installer may be working as expected in these cases. The last phase in particular, after the bits have been copied. The device sits for awhile without indicating progress, please be patient during this step.

The screen is black during bootup because Plymouth is disabled in the build due to this bug. With Plymouth specific to the Tegra3 platform.


How to delete android-studio from home in ubuntu16.04

The -r option enables recursive deletion, so rm wants to descend into directories and go over everything in it as well. cp copies retaining the permissions, so they are unchanged and you might not have write access to the directory, that's what the message suggests. Without write access you'll not be permitted to remove anything either. There are two ways to proceed from here:

Run rm with root permissions. Root is in any case permitted to delete the directory and its content.

sudo rm -r ~/android-studio

Change the directory's and its content's permissions first and run rm as you tried it.

sudo chmod -R a+w ~/android-studio && rm -r ~/android-studio

Especially in combination with root permissions and recursively, deleting stuff is dangerous and should only be done if you are absolutely sure you do the right thing. I advise to use absolute paths (~/android-studio vs. android-studio) because of that. It goes without saying that you should always have a backup at hand.


Mounting samba share on ubuntu 14.04.5 desktop files are in readonly mode?

Sounds like a permissions issue. Every new file/folder created on a share by the remote user, belongs to that user. That's why you have full access to the newly created stuff. The existing files though, belong to the local user who placed them there.

You can either change the ownership of the existing stuff so that they also belong the remote user: sudo chown -R remoteUserName:remoteUserName shareName
You can change the permissions of the existing files to allow r/w access by others: sudo chmod -R o+rw shareName which is a bit unsafe if your share is not protected by a password so that only verified users can access it.


How to remove unity and install XFCE4 for 16.04

I've done something similar, but for gnome-shell.

If you want to "convert" to a xubuntu, you should do:

sudo apt install xubuntu-desktop

Log out, change to the xfce-session in lightdm (by clicking on the icon, top icon to the right of your user) and log in.

Remove ubuntu-desktop meta package:

sudo apt purge ubuntu-desktop

If you only want to install xfce and remove unity, but keep the packages provided by ubuntu-desktop:

sudo apt install xfce4

Do the same log out/change session/log in procedure as noted above.

Remove unity:

sudo apt purge --autoremove unity unity8


The problem is indeed in SSD, but not in Ubuntu or laptop.
So, I returned back WD Green and purchased SAMSUNG SSD 860 EVO
The results are impressive (for me at least) 0.06 msec instead of 1.75:

Conclusion: The reason of high latency was in WD Green SSD.
If you want a low latency SSD - don't buy WD Green.
SAMSUNG, in my experience, is the most low latency and reliable SSD (I use it on 3 laptops, and 4 PCs)


Will my data loss while converting dynamic disk to basic disk using minitool partition wizard?

When performing any disc operations, enlarging or shrinking partitions, moving partitions, or in your case "convert my harddrive from dynamic type to basic type" there is always the possibility for data loss.

Data loss can happen at any time with no warning.

It is not a matter of if data loss can happen, but when it does happen you will have to restore from back up.

I suggest you choose a back up strategy and confirm you have a working copy of any data you value.

From the wiki page below,

  Backup and recovery is essential. Failure to have verified backup and
  recovery procedures puts your data at risk of loss. Users often only
  learn this lesson after critical information they require is
  permanently lost. Attempting to recover from data loss can be both
  time consuming and extremely difficult. So learn from others mistakes,
  and ensure beforehand that you have a system in place that protects
  your data and suits your needs.

See - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BackupYourSystem for details


You will experience the same with Firefox. It's just the way Ubuntu web apps work. With Chromium, you can easily build your own web apps, which will not open a second window: on any website, go to tools -> create desktop application. This will create a .desktop file. Open it with an editor to change it's name, icon, etc. and move it to ~/.local/share/applications. You can now open the web app from the Dash or pin it to your Unity launcer.


xfce shortcut won't launch Firefox w/ Intel Flash support, CLI command will

The problem is that the call to start the program might not be run with a shell, so the command VDPAU_DRIVER=va_gl firefox looks for a program VDPAU_DRIVER=va_gl, which doesn't exist.

To work around this, use the env program to do your variable setting, like so:

env VDPAU_DRIVER=va_gl firefox

Just set the command to the above and it should be fine.


While Shift+1 prints the exclamation mark, the key "1" does not work!

Narrow it down to hardware or software
First check to see if it is OS software, Application Tools or Laptop BIOS which is causing interference:

Boot with Live USB and select "Try Ubuntu without Installing". Does the 1 key work properly? If not try step 2. If yes reinstall Ubuntu 18.10.
Boot your laptop but interrupt Grub by pressing c key for command. Does the 1 key work properly? If Yes it is a problem with Ubuntu 18.10. If not go to step 3.
Get a USB keyboard (they start at $10 if you can't borrow one) and plug it in. Boot your laptop normally. Does the 1 key work properly? If not try step 4. If yes check Dell Update website and install this:

Try using Windows 7/8/10. Does problem still exist?


Write the output of multiple sequential commands to a text file

As others have already pointed out the difference between > (overwrite) and >> (append) redirection operators, i am going to give couple of solutions.

You can use the command grouping {} feature of bash to send the output of all the commands in a single file :

{ sha1sum foo.txt ;sha512sum foo.txt ;md5sum foo.txt ;} >checksum.txt

Alternately you can run the commands in a subshell () :

( sha1sum foo.txt ;sha512sum foo.txt ;md5sum foo.txt ) >checksum.txt


How to remove unused application from the menu but not completely uninstall it on 12.04 LTS

Just a link…

Please refer there to

  Change the default app for multiple filetypes?

although this is a terminal-based solution, it's more specific.


why Ubuntu Firewall not showing verbose?

You need to enable the firewall using

sudo ufw enable

After you enable, sudo ufw status verbose should show you the following:

Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing)
New profiles: skip

To check more options use, ufw help

For more on ufw logging, see this answer:

UFW logging


What is meant by the term "i386" on the Ubuntu ISO file name?

The Intel 80386, also known as the i386, or just 386, was a 32-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel in 1985. This is termed x86, IA-32, or the i386-architecture, depending on context.

x86-64 is an extension of the x86 instruction set. It supports vastly larger virtual and physical address spaces than are possible on x86, thereby allowing programmers to conveniently work with much larger data sets... After launching the architecture under the "x86-64" name, AMD renamed it AMD64... x86-64 is still used by many in the industry as a vendor-neutral term, while others, notably Sun Microsystems (now Oracle Corporation) and Microsoft, use x64.

So Ubuntu ISO support both the flavors.

What is this Multiarch?

Multiarch lets you install library packages from multiple architectures on the same machine. This is useful in various ways, but the most common is installing both 64 and 32-bit software on the same machine and having dependencies correctly resolved automatically. In general, you can have libraries of more than one architecture installed together and applications from one architecture or another installed as alternatives. Note that it does not enable multiple architecture versions of applications to be installed simultaneously.

This Computer system has 64-bit Kernel Architecture:

$ dpkg --print-architecture
amd64

Multi-arch support allows you to use 32-bit libraries alongside 64-bit libraries.

This Computer system also supports i386 Architecture (i.e. supports 32-bit Libraries too):

$ dpkg --print-foreign-architectures
i386


Continue apt-get install package_list with not found packages

Make yourself a bash script to do so:

#!/bin/bash
#Check whether root
if [ $(whoami) != root ]; then
    echo You must be root or use sudo to install packages.
    return
fi

#Call apt-get for each package
for pkg in "$@"
do
    sudo apt-get -my install $pkg
done

If the file is e.g. named fail-ignore-apt.sh, you could run it as

sudo ~/fail-ignore-apt pkg1 pkg2 pkg3,

assuming it's in your home directory. Remember to make it executable using chmod +x fail-ignore-script.sh


SMART Status Data Interpretation - Disk Utility

As far as heat goes, when the temperature of a hard disk rises by 10°C, it becomes twice as much less reliable.  The normal recommended working temperature of a hard disk is 35-40°С. So if it rises above that, A lot of things can happen, like data corruption and data loss to crashes and even hardware failures.

  Read Error Rate S.M.A.R.T. parameter indicates the rate of hardware
  read errors that occurred when reading data from a disk surface. Any
  value differing from zero means there is a problem with the disk
  surface, read/write heads (including crack on a head, broken head,
  head contamination, head resonance, bad connection to electronics
  module, handling damage). The higher parameter’s value is, the more
  the hard disk failure is possible.

  This is a critical parameter. Degradation of this parameter may
  indicate imminent drive failure. Urgent data backup and hardware
  replacement is recommended.1

Now Seagate suggests that you use there test utility, and if the drive passes they claim that its OK.  For information on how to use that in Ubuntu see Ubuntu Forums.

1Source:Acronis


I do not know the exact answer to the first question. You can check Nautilus settings - the last tab which is about previews have some setting about size limit for thumbnail. You can try changing it.

In case of previews I've never seen any option which would let You see preview by clicking. However, You can use gnome-sushi or gloobus-preview with gloobus-sushi for previews after pressing space. It's pretty comfortable.
Depending on Your system version You can try installing gnome-sushi just by typing following command in Terminal.

sudo apt-get install gnome-sushi

In case of gloobus-sushi, which is unavailable for Ubuntu 14.04, you can use commands below.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gloobus-dev/gloobus-preview
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gloobus-preview gloobus-sushi


You can install Ubuntu using the Netboot installation.  This will require your computer to be able to boot over the network. For more details, refer to the following link:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/Netboot


How to get Windows 8 boot menu in a Windows 8-Ubuntu dual boot?

This is not gonna happen. I doubt that windows startup manager will see ubuntu partitions. It may but it will take you searching and playing around with settings. Rule of Thumb is : install windows first, install Linux after, allow Grub overwrite MBR and use grub. I guess this is not the answer you were looking for... ?


Get notification when AC adapter is not plugged in/working

From OmgUbuntu, the app that perfectly fits your definition, BATTERY MONITOR.

First install the dependencies:

sudo apt install python3 python3-gi libnotify-dev acpi

Then, install via ppa:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:maateen/battery-monitor -y; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install battery-monitor -y

OR

Download the app from the developer's Github page and install it (considering you are using Xenial):

cd ~/Downloads && wget -c https://github.com/maateen/battery-monitor/releases/download/v0.4/battery-monitor_0.4-xenial_all.deb && sudo dpkg -i battery-monitor_0.4-xenial_all.deb

Though not mentioned but it doesn't hurt to do a quick restart.

EDIT:- Also, it seems you need to manually launch the app atleast once for the app to start working.


Try this command:

sudo update-rc.d -f nginx disable


You cannot use Windows drivers on Ubuntu unless it's for a network device under ndiswrapper, but maybe this link will help in getting your touchpad working properly:

Dell Inspiron N5110 Keyboard & Touchpad


Why does sudo require a password the second time in a bash script every time?

I don't really know what's the reason, however there's solution:

if [[ $(id -u $(whoami)) != 0 ]]
then
    sudo bash $( cd $(dirname $0) ; pwd -P )
    # taken from http://stackoverflow.com/a/4774063/2797066
else
    #rest of script
fi


The numbers represent <minimal size>, <priority> and <maximal size> in this order.

You can read more about it here.


Ubuntu installation does not detect Windows 10

Run your grub update to scan and add other OS' on all attached drives to the menu boot menu.

$ sudo update-grub

If Ubuntu isn't currently installed:

Manually use create an partition for installing Ubuntu with a Partition Manager.  You can use gparted from the live disk.

Install Ubuntu.  The fresh install will find your other install Operating Systems and add them to the boot menu.

Some examples from ubuntuforums.org where this works:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2253963
Failed to get canonical path of /cow

After the install you may have to run os-prober.


How Can I Install Adobe Air on 12.04 64-bit?

From: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2012/04/install-adobe-flash-reader-air-in-ubuntu-12-04-precise-pangolin/

For 64bit

In terminal (What is a terminal and how do I open and use it?) copy and paste each command then hit enter one command at a time. sudo commands will ask for a password, type your password and hit enter(there will be no visual indication of typing a password)- if you password does not work: How do I reset a lost administrative password?

wget http://airdownload.adobe.com/air/lin/download/latest/AdobeAIRInstaller.bin
sudo chmod +x AdobeAIRInstaller.bin
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgnome-keyring.so.0 /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgnome-keyring.so.0.2.0 /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0.2.0
sudo ./AdobeAIRInstaller.bin


Touchpad gets stuck on a Dell Vostro 3450

OP found a work around

  i disabled the startup command: synaptikscfg init from my account - and so far it seems to work - i have yet to fegure out why


If you want to help develop and debug the latest and greatest Ubuntu

I suggest that you use the 'apt version of Firefox' until the bug with the snap version is fixed. Things like this should  be expected in the developing version.

Please help by reporting bugs at Launchpad and the ISO testing tracker :-)

You can also discuss the developing version at this Ubuntu Forum.

If you want a smooth ride

As a matter of fact, if you want a smooth ride, you should wait until July or August (2018) until Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS, the first point release is available.

My experience from previous versions with long time support, LTS, is that the first point release is debugged and polished.


How to find mail server config for existing alias mail group?

I found the configuration on the group domain server phpadmin page "forwarding".


The default cd-burn application in Ubuntu, called Brasero, actually has a build-in CV Cover printer.

Launch brasero
Select any of the project types
Click on the menu 'extra'
Select 'CD Cover Printer'

It will fill the cover with the data from the project. For music this would be the tracklisting. For files this would be the file-listing, etc.


How to stream Internet radio in a browser?

Install GStreamer plugins for mms, wavpack, quicktime, musepack .

After restarting the browser and clicking the link, it asked to install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg  and Chromium played the stream.


Yes, it is completely safe. The ubuntu-desktop package is just a metapackage, which means that it has nothing in it, just dependencies.
To remove, simply type this into a Terminal (Unity dash->Terminal) window:

sudo apt-get purge "gwibber.*"

Hope this helps!


It is possible to do. You begin by continuing. your Ubuntu installation on your computer as normal, until you reach this screen:

Then tik Something else and continue.

Now in this screen, you will see that the installer lists both your Hard Drive and your USB. Your USB's name should be dev/sda2. Alternatively, your can see that it will show in the free space bar the drive with the matching amount of space.

Select your drive from the list of devices and again from the list that says Device for boot loader installation and click Install now

You will now be installing Ubuntu on a USB. One thing to note, I will take at least three times as long as it is to install on a USB drive, than on a Hard Drive.

Of course, this will depend on if you are using USB 2.0 vs. USB 3.0, as well as the brand, as some Drives are faster than others. Be Patient.

Another thing, running Ubuntu from a USB will be again, at least three times slower than usual, so I would avoid resource-hungry processes.

With that said, have fun.


"E21: cannot make changes" when editing resolv.conf

From vim documentation:

If you make changes to a file and forgot that it was read-only, you can
still write it.  Add the ! to the write command to force writing.

If you really want to forbid making changes in a file, do this:

vim -M file

Now every attempt to change the text will fail.  The help files are like this,
for example.  If you try to make a change you get this error message:

E21: Cannot make changes, 'modifiable' is off

You could use the -M argument to setup Vim to work in a viewer mode.  This is
only voluntary though, since these commands will remove the protection:

:set modifiable
:set write


How do I make a second window snap to the opposite side of the screen?

Important note!

The script below will do exactly as you describe on the two youngest windows, that is: the two windows that were last created.

The script, behavior

The script acts on dragging one of the two "newest" windows to one of the two areas on the screen, as shown in the image.

The area is deliberately not tight into the corner, to make sure it does not interfere with "normal"window snapping.
If the window is dragged on to either one of the areas, the script waits 0.15 second to see if the mouse is still in the same position, to make sure not to act if the user was "on his way" to the corner of the screen for normal window snapping.
Subsequently, the dragged window is snapped into the half of the screen the area is on, the second window is snapped to the opposite side of the screen

1. drag the window to the area

2. the window snaps, the other one snaps to the opposite site

finally, as a confirmation, a notification shows during three seconds:

See the script in action

The script & setup

The setup involves two items:

the script:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys
import os
import subprocess
import time
from operator import itemgetter
from itertools import groupby
import math

#--- set your preferences below: padding between windows, margin(s)
cols = 2; rows = 1; padding = 20; left_margin = 0; top_margin = 30
#---

fpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
n_wins = cols*rows

def get_spot(pos):
    # get the resolution
    scrdata = get("xrandr").split(); resindex = scrdata.index("connected")+2
    res = [int(n) for n in scrdata[resindex].split("+")[0].split("x")]
    # list the corners, could be more elegant no doubt
    corners = [[0, res[1]], [res[0], res[1]]]
    diff = [int(math.sqrt(sum([(c[i]-pos[i])**2 for i, n in enumerate(res)])))\
            for c in corners]
    return diff

def get(cmd):
    try:
        return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode("utf-8")
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        pass

def get_res():
    xr = get("xrandr").split(); pos = xr.index("current")
    return [int(xr[pos+1]), int(xr[pos+3].replace(",", "") )]

def get_pos():
    return [int(s.split(":")[1]) for s in get(["xdotool", "getmouselocation"]).split()[:2]]

def check_window(w_id):
    w_type = get(["xprop", "-id", w_id])
    if " _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL" in w_type:
        return True
    else:
        return False

def confirm():
    val = False
    mouseloc = get_spot(get_pos())
    match = [mouseloc.index(n) for n in mouseloc if 50 < n < 400]
    if match:
        time.sleep(0.15)
        val = True if get_spot(get_pos()) == mouseloc else False
    return val, match

def arrange_wins(active, side):
    # get resolution
    res = get_res()
    # define (calculate) the area to divide
    area_h = res[0] - left_margin; area_v = res[1] - top_margin
    # create a list of calculated coordinates
    x_coords = [int(left_margin+area_h/cols*n) for n in range(cols)]
    y_coords = [int(top_margin+area_v/rows*n) for n in range(rows)]
    coords = sum([[(cx, cy) for cx in x_coords] for cy in y_coords], [])
    # calculate the corresponding window size, given the padding, margins, columns and rows
    w_size = [str(int(area_h/cols - padding)), str(int(area_v/rows - padding))]
    # find windows of the application, identified by their pid
    active = hex(int(get(["xdotool", "getactivewindow"])))
    active = active[:2]+(10-len(active))*"0"+active[2:]
    wlist = [w.split()[0] for w in get(["wmctrl", "-l"]).splitlines()]
    w_list = [w for w in wlist if check_window(w) == True][-n_wins:]
    try:
        w_list = w_list[::-1] if w_list.index(active) != side else w_list
    except ValueError:
        pass
    else:
        print(w_list)
        # remove possibly maximization, move the windows
        for n, w in enumerate(w_list):
            data = (",").join([str(item) for item in coords[n]])+","+(",").join(w_size)
            cmd1 = "wmctrl -ir "+w+" -b remove,maximized_horz"
            cmd2 = "wmctrl -ir "+w+" -b remove,maximized_vert"
            cmd3 = "wmctrl -ir "+w+" -e 0,"+data
            for cmd in [cmd1, cmd2, cmd3]:
                subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd])

wins1 = []

while True:
    time.sleep(0.5)
    windata = get(["wmctrl", "-lG"])
    if windata:
        wins2 = [[l[0], l[2]] for l in [
            ln.split() for ln in windata.splitlines()]
                   ]
        # combined window locations old/new, grouped to see if moved
        winlocs = sorted(wins1 + wins2, key = itemgetter(0))
        test = [[item, [item[1] for item in list(occ)]] \
                for item, occ in groupby(winlocs, itemgetter(0))]
        for item in test:
            # old loc, new loc of window
            locs = item[1]
            # window moves?
            if locs.count(locs[0]) != len(locs):
                args = confirm()
                if args[0]:
                    arrange_wins(item[0], args[1][0])
                    subprocess.Popen([
                        "notify-send", "-i", os.path.join(
                            fpath, "left.png"), "Fill screen"
                        ])
                    time.sleep(3)
                    subprocess.Popen(["pkill", "notify-osd"])
        wins1 = wins2

an icon to show in the notification

Setup

Install both xdotooland wmctrl
Copy the script into an empty file, save it as fillscreen.py in a dedicated folder somewhere.
Right- click on the icon above, save it as (exactly) left.png in one and the same folder as the script.
Now open a terminal, run the command:

python3 /path/to/fillscreen.py

Note that this terminal window is one of the two windows the script will snap. Draf the terminal to either one of the areas on the left or right. The two most recent windows should snap.
If all works fine, add the script to startup applications: Dash > Startup Applications > Add. Add the command:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 10 && python3 /path/to/fillscreen.py"

Note

Due to the fact that the script only acts on window movement, and subsequently all further actions are dependent on the situation, the script is very low on juice. Much lower then I expected it to be when I started working on it.


How to copy random files to a specific folder?

Normally this would be a oneliner, but it may be a bad idea to process such a huge number of file(name)s directly, so I'll use a tempfile here.

#!/bin/bash
a=$(mktemp)
find /path/to/dir -type f | shuf -n $(shuf -i200000-300000 -n1) >$a
while IFS='' read -r l || [[ -n "$l" ]]; do
    cp "$l" /path/to/out/dir
done <$a

This will find every file located in /path/to/dir, shuffle them and save a random number of lines (between 200,000 and 300,000 as requested) of the output in tempfile $a. The while loop then just copies every file in the list to /path/to/out/dir.

Nonsense, we don't need a tempfile at all, we just pipe it to the while loop or – which I prefer – to tr and xargs:

#!/bin/bash
find /path/to/dir -type f | shuf -n $(shuf -i200000-300000 -n1) |\
tr '\n' '\0' | xargs -0 -n1 cp -t /path/to/out/dir

This way you can even specify how many file names each invocation of cp should receive via xargs' -n option.


I recall I was able to run nautilus from a terminal when debugging extensions myself; if you kill and then immediately restart nautilus, you should have it running from the command line:

nautilus -q && nautilus ~/

I was able to confirm that this works on Lucid. Note that passing in some directory when launching nautilus is important, otherwise it will fork off in the background.


Is it possible to save the scrollback in Gnome's Terminal?

You have two optinos:

use piping:

$> command > output.txt

So the complete output will be saved in a file output.txt and then you can open it with a text editor and do whatever you want with the output

  2.Set infinite scrolling on gnome-terminal

`Edit->profile-preferences->Scrolling->unlimited scrolling`

Then you can search through complete output using CTRL+SHIFT+F

hope this helps!


Program interface is ugly when started by script

The program interface looks ugly because you start the program with sudo, but sudo is used to execute a command in text mode.

So, you need a command to start the program in graphical mode as root. This can be gksudo. See What is the difference between "gksudo nautilus" and "sudo nautilus"?. But (gksu) is no longer installed by default starting with Ubuntu 13.04. Its alternative is pkexec. So, you can use the following if:

if [ -x /usr/bin/gksu]; then     #if `gksu` exists and is executable
    gksu linguist-qt4 $PathToParentDir/translate_$lang.ts
else
    pkexec linguist-qt4 $PathToParentDir/translate_$lang.ts
fi

Or, you can try simple:

sudo -i linguist-qt4 $PathToParentDir/translate_$lang.ts

So, sudo -i command. But I'm not sure about it - check yourself.


That is the point of hamachi, it is supposed to allow connections without having to set up rules for each network you set up.

In effect it allows you to set them up as local networks. While it could be a slight security risk, as long as you don't give the network info and password out to any but your friends it is minimal as long as you trust your friends. Once you close the connection via Hamachi, afaik any security holes would close as the network would be shut down.

As to any viruses infecting your friends computer affecting yours(as raised in your comments):

Maybe, but I would think the risk would be minimal(your root files should still be safe, only your home would be at risk) First if your friends are using Windows, any virus that they have would be ineffective if it could even manage to get into your system- Windows and Linux work so differently that there are few, if any viruses that can effect both.

If your friends happen to be using Linux and they are infected there may be more risk, but when using Hamachi, you are operating as a server so the virus (more a trojan here) would have to know that 1. You were a server 2. You were connected via a Hamachi type connection and be able to break out of that connection to get back to the author.  While I suppose this is all possible, it would require a lot of work on the part of the hacker that wrote the trojan.

Let my pose a question here to put your mind at ease, do you think he would go to all that work to find a random host, find that host in the small window that it is open so that he could use it, just to have all that work go for naught when you shut the server down in an hour or so?  I would think he would be more likely to put his time into a more guaranteed target.

The security hole I would be worried about would be one of the friends you have connected to be actively trying to hack into your system.

As long as you don't give the info to anyone you don't trust or leave the connection open after you are done with it, that risk is very small- likely less that you assume when you just surf the internet at large.


When the computer start go to the UEFI Boot menu (a key to press on boot depending of your manufacturer) and in the boot place the ubuntu entry before the windows entry.
You need to disable Secure boot and fastboot too.


Reason - BTSync tries to create additional files/folders in folder with btsync executable. In my case inside of /usr/local/bin. Since it was launched without root privileges - it failed to start.

Solution - BTSync must be placed and then started only from folder where it can create its own files/folders.


Terminal : open path with middle-click/context menu?

Create a script:

nano ~/<your_script_folder>/open_selection

Include the following code:

#!/bin/bash
selected_text=$(xclip -o)
if [[ "$selected_text" == ~* ]]; then
    file_name=$(readlink -f ${selected_text/\~/$HOME})
else
    file_name="$selected_text"
fi

notify-send "Open selection" "$file_name"
xdg-open "$file_name"

*You can replace xdg-open with another command of your choice to open the selection with this program.

Make the script executable

chmod +x ~/<your_script_folder>/open_selection

Create a shortcut for this script.

Then only select a file name in your terminal and use your shortcut. A detour via the clipboard is not required.


New to the Linux. How to update firefox and install flash player add-on?

I think this should do it:

Open the terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T, or search in the dash for 'Terminal' and open it

Then enter the following:

sudo apt-get install firefox ubuntu-restricted-extras

You will be asked for your password to give it permission to install the above stuff

apt-get is the command line installer included in Ubuntu. You could also use the Software Centre if it is installed. See the manual for the Software Centre.

The package firefox bit installs Firefox, whilst the ubuntu-restricted-extras bit installs packages restricted for copyright and closed-source reasons, including Windows fonts, Java, and Flash Player. These are not always included by default.

Bear in mind that you cannot get the latest versions of Flash after 11.2 on any Linux system.

If you really want the latest version of Flash, you may be able to use the Windows version, as you can for Silverlight.

For the latest version of Firefox, see Ubuntu documentation on Firefox New Version.

If ubuntu-restricted-extras does not work, try using this, which should install what that package should have installed:

sudo apt-get install ttf-mscorefonts-installer unrar gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse libavcodec-extra-53 gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly adobe-flashplugin flashplugin-installer gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mp3 gstreamer1.0-fluendo-mp3 chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra

Though this should just install the flash player:

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer

And this might also work:

sudo apt-get install adobe-flashplugin

For any of the above, make sure all the repositories are enabled in Software & Updates:


Will changing the repository in the software center affect sources.list

No, it will not be possible. apt-get works with the repositories that are defined in sources.list, as the software center does.

You'll find this kind of "layered" systems in many places in linux. To illustrate this, let's look at how an application is installed "low level". To install an application, several (in most cases, many) applications need to be copied to several (or many) different directories. The executable file needs to go to one directory, some libraries need to go to another directory, some manuals (man pages) need to go to yet another directory, some icons need to go to still another directory, and so forth. When you want to deinstall the application later, you'd have to "tidy up" all those files in all those different places.

To make this easier, there's the package manager dpkg. A deb package (named this because it was originally developed for Debian, which Ubuntu is based on) is, more or less, an archive that contains files with the information where those files should go. When you install a package, the files are copied to the appropriate places; when you deinstall it, the files are removed. To do this, the "usual", low level tools like for example tar are used. This illustrates the concept: dpkg uses what is already there to simplify a task.

Additionally, a package mostly has dependencies. A package can say, "if you want to install me, you need to install this other package as well, because it contains files I need". Or, "if you want to install me, you can't install this other package, because our files would conflict". Again, there's an additional layer on top of "copy some files to the right directories", that uses what's already there.

The next question would be, where do I get those packages? This is where the next layer comes in, the apt tools (apt-get, apt-cache and so on). With apt, you can manage package sources, so called repositories, where it can automatically fetch packages. A repository can be on a server somewhere in the net, on a CD or DVD, on your local hard disk and so forth. Which repositories are available is defined in sources.list. From these repositories, the apt tools build a cache, which is essentially a list of the packages that are available from the repositories.

So if you install a package with apt-get, it is fetched from the respective repository and handed to dpkg. dpkg, in turn, installs the package like described above, with tools like tar.

In the next layer, there are GUI tools like Synaptic or the software center. They offer the possibility to manage your packages with a graphical interface instead of "only" on the command line. The GUI tools "under the hood" hand the work over to the apt tools, which (as described) use dpkg, which uses tools like tar. So, apt-get can't possibly know about any repositories the software center doesn't know about. In fact, it's the other way around: The software center works "on top" of apt's cache, so it can only know about the repositories that are defined in sources.list.

The description above can of course only be an outline, with many details and additional features of the respective layers omitted. For example, there's the sources.list.d directory in which additional repositories can be defined. They, of course, apply to the apt tools as well to GUI tools like the software center. Another example, the software center not only offers to manage your packages with a graphical interface, but offers the possibility to sell and buy packages as well.


Wubi installation on external drive and installation options

You can install Ubuntu using the Windows Installer (Wubi) on any partition that Windows can see that has an NTFS or FAT32 file system. This includes those on external drives. As long as the computer BIOS can see and boot from the external drive, it will work. Note that external drives that have to be unlocked or simulate a CD will not work.

What happens if you unplug the external drive?

Nothing. You will still be asked whether to boot Windows or Ubuntu. If you boot Windows, no problem. If you try to boot Ubuntu it will complain about not finding wubildr.mbr (if you have Windows Vista/7/8) or just fail to find the install if you have Windows XP and drop you to a grub prompt. If you made this mistake, you can just reboot.

What does the size of the install matter?

For Wubi, the size you choose is used to create a fixed virtual disk. This is the entire space available to the Ubuntu install. Yes you can access and save data on other mounted partitions, but e.g. if you try to install software or anything on the Ubuntu file system you will soon run out of room with only 5GB. The maximum you can allocate with Wubi is 30GB which is a reasonable amount to try out Ubuntu if you are planning to install a number of applications and store some data.

If you run out of space on the Wubi install, it is possible to resize it with a downloadable script, but it's better to pick a reasonable size upfront.

Why do you need Wubi with an External drive?

You don't need Wubi if you have an external drive. You can just install Ubuntu directly onto the external drive, making sure the Grub bootloader is installed on it (not on your internal drive). Then whenever you want Ubuntu you can plug in and boot from the External. And when it's not plugged in, Windows will boot. This sort of installation is portable to different computers (assuming you don't need custom hardware drivers) and not reliant on Windows in any way.

Note: Make sure you install the Grub bootloader on the external or else you'll have a grub rescue prompt whenever the external is not plugged in.


After update screen boots to black screen with login/password

First of all, try pressing Ctrl+Alt+F7, if it doesn't work, press Ctrl+Alt+F2 to get back.

If it failed, maybe there's a problem. Try logging in by typing your username and then your password, then try typing:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

This should do the updates again. Hopefully this will fix your problem.


Have you tried reinstall it?

If not try this

sudo apt-get purge software-center

sudo apt-get install software-center

Hope it works.


Dump SVN repository via SSH - because of space limitations

It looks like recent versions of SVN provide an svnrdump utility that is designed for exactly this purpose. From the Repository Maintenance section of the Red Book

  The svnrdump program is, to put it simply, essentially just network-aware flavors of the svnadmin dump and svnadmin load subcommands, rolled up into a separate program.

Basic usage would be something like

svnrdump dump http://jackson@xxxxx.com/var/repo > repo.svn_dump


Add keyboard shortcut to function inside Thunar

This is possible via Thunar Custom Actions. In Thunar, go to Edit > Configure custom actions.

Add a new custom action:
- Name: Your preferred name
- Description: Your preference
- Command: touch New-File

Under the Appearance Conditions tab:
- File Pattern: *
- Only check: Directories

In terminal run:

cat ~/.config/Thunar/uca.xml

The new custom action you created will be at the bottom. Copy the unique-id.

Open ~/.config/Thunar/accels.scm in your favorite text editor. Search for your unique id you just copied. (You may need to quit Thunar with the command thunar -q and reopen it for the unique id to appear.) Add in your keyboard shortcut as seen in the example below, and uncomment by removing the semicolon at the beginning of the line.

(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/ThunarActions/uca-action-1469642461001634-1" "<Alt>n")

(I noticed that "<Primary>n" is already used for a new window. You may want to use something else.)

The main drawback with this method is that it does not initialize with the rename dialog box. Also if you wish to create more than one blank file in a row it does not work. To fix that you'd want to create a script with a command such as touch "new-file-$(date +%N)" that generates a random name. Pasting this command directly into the Command box in Thunar Custom Actions does not work because it conflicts with its own command parameters. So instead you'd run your script.


How do I replace multiple lines with single word in file(inplace replace)?

This can be done very easily in perl:

$ perl -i -p0e 's/START.*?END/SINGLEWORD/s' file
$ cat file
My block of line starts from here
SINGLEWORD
and end to here for example.

Explanation

-0 sets the line separator to null

-p apply the script given by -e to each line and print that line

The regexp modifier:

/s Treat string as single line. That is, change . to match any character whatsoever, even a newline, which normally it would not match.

Why the ?:

By default, a quantified subpattern is "greedy", that is, it will match as many times as possible (given a particular starting location) while still allowing the rest of the pattern to match. If you want it to match the minimum number of times possible, follow the quantifier with a ?.


CSS classes in gnome-shell for panel's menus background and slider

for Ubuntu 20.04 default shell theme, the css file is

Yaru/gnome-shell.css from the gresource file /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/Yaru/gnome-shell-theme.gresource

For panel menu background, lookinto this part of the .css file

.popup-menu-boxpointer, .candidate-popup-boxpointer {
  -arrow-border-radius: 6px;
  -arrow-background-color: red;
  -arrow-border-width: 1px;
  -arrow-border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
  -arrow-base: 24px;
  -arrow-rise: 12px;
  -arrow-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); }

for changing the slider-background color: search for these fields..

.slider {
  height: 15px;
  -barlevel-height: 3px;
  -barlevel-background-color: #e1e1e1;
  -barlevel-border-width: 1px;
  -barlevel-border-color: #c7c7c7;
  -barlevel-active-background-color: #924D8B;
  -barlevel-active-border-color: #81447b;
  -barlevel-overdrive-color: #c7162b;
  -barlevel-overdrive-border-color: #b51427;
  -barlevel-overdrive-separator-width: 1px;
  -slider-handle-radius: 7.5px;
  -slider-handle-border-width: 1px;
  -slider-handle-border-color: #b5b5b5;

for changing the background color of "search entry" in overview..

.search-entry {
  width: 320px;
  padding: 7px 9px;
  border-radius: 18px;
  color: rgba(61, 61, 61, 0.7);
  background-color: #FAFAFA;
  border-color: #c7c7c7; }

Search Field Unfocused.. Green Color


How to set-up Linksys e4200 router on Ubuntu 13.04?

This website in the section of the webpage called Linksys e4200 Setup has step-by-step instructions for how to set up the Linksys e4200 router manually (without using the Windows installation CD) using the router's web interface at http://192.168.1.1/. To configure the Linksys e4200 router manually, start off with Step 1 and then skip Steps 2-6 and continue with Step 7 until the end of the instructions.
These are the instructions from the linked website with the Windows-specific steps 2-6 and other Windows-specific content removed.

Connect the Linksys e4200 router to a power source to turn on and wait for the device to power-up and go through its configuration steps. If choosing to manually configure the router or you do not have an installation CD, proceed to the next step.

Access the web-based configuration utility by entering 192.168.1.1 in your computer's web browser.

Enter "admin" for the router login, and "admin" for the password followed by clicking the "OK" menu button. A new password can be created for the router by selecting the "Administrative" and "Management" menu options from the primary configuration screen.

Select the "Setup" and "Basic Setup" menu options. Then select the "Language" to be used for the router.

Click the "Internet Setup" menu section and enter the connection specifics provided by your respective ISP or school (i.e. connection type, and if your host requires a static IP vice the default DHCP connection).

If connecting via DSL, find out if the ISP uses PPPoE, and if so select this option. Then, enter the username, password, and service name (if required) for your service.

Toggle the "Keep Alive" menu option to "Connect on Demand" if your ISP charges you for amount of time connected to the internet.

Select the "Wireless" and "Basic Wireless Settings" menu options.

Under configuration view, select "WiFi protected setup" to setup both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz networks on the router (alternatively they can be manually configured).

Under the manual setup, choose which wireless standards to support under the 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz network options. Note, 802.11b and 802.11g devices cannot connect to the 5 GHz network, so ensure the appropriate options are selected on the 2.4 GHz network setup option. Typically, you want to ensure the lowest standard of connection in your home or apartment is supported on that network (i.e. if you have an old laptop, it may only be 802.11b compatible). The "Mixed" mode setting will support all standards (A through N).

Disable the SSID broadcast to keep the network name more secure, and if desired change the channel width and number assignments if you are an advanced user on this screen.

Select the "Wireless" and "Wireless Security" menu options to select between WEP, WPA Personal, WPA 2, WPA Mixed Mode, and WPA2 Personnel security standards on the network. Both the 2.4 and 5 GHz networks can use different security options if desired. WPA2 is the strongest security option available on this router if supported by all client devices.

Decide if you want to allow "Guest Access" to surf the Internet using the 2.4 GHz network or not. If you do, then the default option is to do so. If not, then select "Wireless" and "Guest Access" from the main router setup menu and change the default setting to "no."

Similar to the WRT54G setup, MAC address filtering can be enabled and configured on the e4200N router.

Configure advanced options as desired on the router that include network storage, parental controls (by device), VPN Passthrough, FTP Server, Firewall, (Choose Applications and Gaming from the main router setup menu) Gaming options, and (Choose Storage from the main menu) Media Server.

To enable network storage, a portable hard drive will need to be available to connect to the router. By default, all content on the disk will be accessible without a password. To disable this "feature", select "Storage" and "Administration" and then choose the "Disabled" menu option located under "Anonymous Disk Access". Shared folders can be used to manage network access to different contents stored on the disk with individual folders or the entire disk available to share. Linksys implements a group and user account policy located under the "Storage" and "Administrative" menu options.

Save settings and the network configurations will be complete.


Color scheme not changing in Mate-Terminal

As far I can understand:

GSettings / dconf paths are not equal for gnome-terminal and mate-terminal.
The files in repository are dated 2015, so they may not suite for modern terminals in 18.04 LTS. But it works in GNOME terminal from 16.04 LTS.

So it needs some patching. I did not edited author's scripts. I just detected what they change by comparing dconf dump / output on 16.04 LTS.

Adding new profiles

As the result below is the script which adds two new MATE Terminal profiles - One Dark and One Light:

dconf write /org/mate/terminal/global/profile-list "['default','one-dark','one-light']"
cat <<EOF | dconf load /org/mate/terminal/profiles/
[one-dark]
foreground-color='#abb2bf'
visible-name='One Dark'
palette=['#000000', '#E06C75', '#98c379', '#d19a66', '#61aeee', '#c678dd', '#56b6c2', '#abb2bf', '#5c6370', '#e06c75', '#98c379', '#d19a66', '#62afee', '#c678dd', '#56b6c2', '#ffffff']
use-theme-colors=false
use-theme-transparency=false
use-theme-background=false
bold-color-same-as-fg=true
bold-color='#ABB2BF'
background-color='#282c34'

[one-light]
foreground-color='#383A42'
visible-name='One Light'
palette=['#000000', '#E45649', '#50A14F', '#986801', '#4078F2', '#A626A4', '#0184BC', '#A0A1A7', '#5c6370', '#E45649', '#50A14F', '#986801', '#4078F2', '#A626A4', '#0184BC', '#ffffff']
use-theme-colors=false
use-theme-transparency=false
use-theme-background=false
bold-color-same-as-fg=true
bold-color='#383A42'
background-color='#F9F9F9'
EOF

After execution, closing terminal and opening it again you will get two new profiles in the drop-down menu:

The profiles look like as follows:

One Dark

One Light

Revert to defaults

To remove all custom profiles use:

dconf reset -f /org/mate/terminal/profiles/

Note: the method is suitable for both Ubuntu MATE 16.04 LTS and 18.04 LTS.


Whenever u install fresh Ubuntu , you need to update and upgrade the system to install from ubuntu repositories.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Now install anything

 sudo apt-get install mysql-server


How to set the Ubuntu dock icon size to less then 16?

Follow these steps:

Install dconf editor from software center.
open it and go to org/gnome/shell/extensions/dash-to-dock/.
There you will find dash-max-icon-size.
Set the value whatever you want (The default value is 48).

Or just run this command:
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock dash-max-icon-size <VALUE>

for example -
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock dash-max-icon-size 13


I don't have /etc/network/interfaces file

The default /etc/network/interfaces on Ubuntu Desktop:

# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

Anything else must be written by yourself (or, in general, by the system administrator).


AMD A8-3850  and Asus F1A75-M works well on Ubuntu?

I may be difficult to get the answers you seek from this site unless you know the hardware involved in the specific models.

I would suggest checking the site out:
http://friendly.ubuntu.com/

There is an article on Phoronix that covers your CPU/APU - http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=amd_a83850_cpu&num=1

The other place to check is on ubuntuforums.org


Tracker can index your pdf documents. It is very fast and reliable.

If you don't use this great tool yet, you can configure it to only index your pdf documents:  Alt+F2 then paste tracker-preferences go to "Locations" and choose the folder of your pdf.


Ubuntu 20.04 show messy video output through onboard nVidia VGA

Dedicated VGA card fix this issue without a hassle. In my case proprietary driver from graphics card vendor work really good, if you buying a used graphics cards to fix this sort of issue, make sure to buy one manufactured after 2012 it will reduce drivers compatible issues.


Keyboard Bug or feature on Ubuntu on a MAC?

This sounds a lot like a bug to me but one that doesn't have a reasonable fix. I assume you don't have a number-lock key on your Mac keyboard. However you can turn NumLock off with a little application called numlockx (sudo apt-get install numlockx):

numlockx off

You can then make a launcher on your desktop (or panel) that calls bash -c "numlockx off" so you can quickly turn it off with just a mouse.


How can I bulk download images from a photo gallery-like website?

Maybe BeautifulSoup can be of great help.

With the Help of Amith KK its been of great help for me and since then, used for some other little tricks


Lenovo Ideapad N581 with 12.10 does not connect to WLAN

I stumbled across a comment  saying that there are N581 models with broadcom wireless chips. That reminded me on my own odyssey of getting the broadcom wireless working in my macbook.

Can you post the output of the following commands

sudo iwconfig
sudo dmesg
sudo lsmod

that should help figure out what wireless chip your laptop has and whether your linux is able to talk to it.

Regards,
Alec

PS: Please type <pre> before the commands outputs and <\pre> after, so the formatting is preserved and the text stays readable.


Logitech K760 failing to pair. Ubuntu 13.04

Use the GUI to launch the configuration process, as normal. The passkey printed on bluetooth gui is wrong, so you have to install some tools.

sudo apt-get install bluez-hcidump
sudo apt-get install bluez-utils blueman

On a console type

sudo hcidump -at | grep -A 1 "User Passkey Notification"

which will display the correct passkey.

2013-09-25 14:35:40.653393
HCI Event: User Passkey Notification (0x3b) plen 10
bdaddr XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX passkey 66235

Type the passkey on the bluetooth keyboard and hit enter.

Reboot and you could see that bluetooth gui still registers your new keyboard.


How to lower window so its behind all others - just like mouse middle button

A shamlessly dirty solution

To achieve a command that does what you want turns out to be more complicated than it seems at first sight. The issue is to lower the window and maintain the window order (z-wise) at the same time, which seems nearly impossible. Both xdotool and wmctrl provide commands to raise a window, but not to lower a window.

The solution below is a dirty hack/workaround, but it works nicely and reliably nevertheless. It uses both wmctrl and xdotool, which are not on your system by default.

Although the script is run by a keyboard shortcut, it actually does exactly the same as when you middle-click on the top of your window. What it does:

It looks up the active window (using xprop -root)
Looks up if the window is a "normal" window (unlike e.g. your desktop, which is also listed in wmctrl -lG as a window)
If so, it calculates the position of the top of the window, moves the mouse to the calculated position, simulates middle- click and moves the mouse back to where you left it.

This all happens in a split second, so you won't even notice the mouse moving and moving back. The only thing you notice is the window sent to back, which is exactly what you want.

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import time

# find the frontmost window
active = [l for l in subprocess.check_output(["xprop", "-root"]).decode("utf-8").splitlines() \
          if "_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW(WINDOW)" in l][0].split("#")[-1].strip()
# convert the window-id from xprop- format to wmctrl- format
w_id = active[:2] + str((10-len(active))*"0")+active[2:]
# if the window is a "normal" window, find the window geometry in wmctrl -lG,
# move the mouse to the top of the window and click the middle button
if "_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL" in subprocess.check_output(["xprop", "-id", w_id]).decode("utf-8"):
    match = [l for l in subprocess.check_output(["wmctrl", "-lG"]).decode("utf-8").splitlines() if w_id in l][0].split()[2:6]
    current_mousepos = subprocess.check_output(["xdotool", "getmouselocation"]).decode("utf-8").split()
    coords = ([s.replace("x:", "") for s in current_mousepos if s.startswith("x:")][0],
              [s.replace("y:", "") for s in current_mousepos if s.startswith("y:")][0])
    top_x = str(int(int(match[0])+(int(match[2])/2))); top_y = str(int(match[1]) -10)
    # The time.sleep(0.3) possibly needs to be optimized (longer sleep = safer); the 0.3 works fine on my system when used from a keyboard shortcut (which turns out to make a difference...)
    subprocess.Popen(["xdotool", "mousemove", "--sync", top_x, top_y]); time.sleep(0.3)
    # move the mouse back to its original position
    subprocess.Popen(["xdotool", "click", "2"]); time.sleep(0.05)
    subprocess.Popen(["xdotool", "mousemove", coords[0], coords[1]])

How to use

Install both wmctrl and xdotool

sudo apt-get install xdotool wmctrl

Copy the script above into an empty file, save it as sendtoback.py
Test- run the script by opening a terminal, run the command in it:

python3 /path/to/sendtoback.py

The window should be sent to the background, exactly like you were used to when middle-clicked.
If all works fine, Choose: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts". Click the "+" and add the command:

python3 /path/to/sendtoback.py

to a key shortcut of your choice.

Note

In some cases (especially on slower systems), the sleep time in the line:

subprocess.Popen(["xdotool", "mousemove", "--sync", top_x, top_y]); time.sleep(0.3)

needs to be increased. On faster systems, it could be reduced.


Why is the .xsession-errors.old file so big?

You could investigate the problem. Yes, I know it's a big file, but by throwing away data and letting the computer do the work, one could:

cat .xsession-errors* | \
    egrep -v '^$' | \
    sed -e 's/[0-9][0-9]\+/#NUM#/g'  | \
    sort | \
    uniq -c | \
    sort -rn | \
    tee counts.out | \
    less -XMersj3

Some messages (on my system without the problem) like:

     38 /usr/share/software-center/softwarecenter/ui/gtk3/widgets/exhibits.py:#NUM#: Warning: Source ID #NUM# was not found when attempting to remove it
     38   GLib.source_remove(self._timeout)
     36 (nautilus:#NUM#): Gdk-CRITICAL **: gdk_window_get_origin: assertion 'GDK_IS_WINDOW (window)' failed

happen more often (38, 38, 36 times) than others, and therefore deserve more investigation.

Others:

 1 compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: ccp
 1 compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: animation

Another thing to do is to look for deleted, but still open files:

 sudo lsof / | egrep 'PID|(deleted)'

Look for large SIZE/OFF values.

And look for large open files:

sudo lsof / | \
    awk '{if($7 > 1048576) print $7/1048576 "MB" " " $9 }' | \
    sort -n -u


rfkill unblock X

where X is the number next to your phy0 for rfkill list


drag and drop does not work in yahoo webmail mail

try with this https://askubuntu.com/a/393070/163693

In resumen

Start dragging the file
Press and hold Super (windows key) + Tab (do not release the mouse button)
Hold Super and press Tab as many time you need to choose your file window destination
Release Super when you have selected the correct window
Release mouse button to drop the file


There is no official way to downgrade. You need to backup and reinstall.

Something to consider. Sometimes upgrading is messy. If you're going to backup and reinstall, try doing an install of 16.04 first. It may work as a clean install better than as the upgrade you did. If it doesn't work, you already have a backup and it's just formatting again with 14.04.


How to distribute internet speed in hotspot?

There is no simple answer, and some research will be necessary.

I have started down this path, but not yet had the time to fully implement ..

Start by reading:

Complex Traffic Shaping/Control

http://www.shorewall.net/traffic_shaping.htm

OpenWRT > Linux Packet Scheduling

http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/packet.scheduler/packet.scheduler.theory

OpenWRT > Bandwidth Monitoring

http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/bwmon

OpenWRT > Network Traffic Control

http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/packet.scheduler/packet.scheduler

supermind.org > Thoughts on Lucene, Solr, crawling and vertical search

http://www.supermind.org/blog/series/ubuntu-hotspot


You have to specify a connection ID or name to change an existing connection script, or add SSID info if creating a new connection script...

man nmcli

edit {[id | uuid | path] ID | [type type] [con-name name] }
    Edit an existing connection or add a new one, using an interactive
    editor.

    The existing connection is identified by its name, UUID or D-Bus
    path. If ID is ambiguous, a keyword id, uuid, or path can be used.
    See connection show above for the description of the ID-specifying
    keywords. Not providing an ID means that a new connection will be
    added.

    The interactive editor will guide you through the connection
    editing and allow you to change connection parameters according to
    your needs by means of a simple menu-driven interface. The editor
    indicates what settings and properties can be modified and provides
    in-line help.

    Available options:

    type
        type of the new connection; valid types are the same as for
        connection add command.

    con-name
        name for the new connection. It can be changed later in the
        editor.

Post note: if this is an Ubuntu Desktop installation, it's easier to use the NetworkManager GUI to set up these settings.


When cross-compiling the kernel, how can I stop it making from clean every time when I just want to modify one file?

When using Ubuntu debian packaged kernels, I build arm64 kernels much like the following (you should be able to substitute arm64 for the armhf arch specific flags that match your target and cross-compiler).

export ARCH=arm64
export $(dpkg-architecture -aarm64); export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-

fakeroot debian/rules clean
debian/rules build
fakeroot debian/rules binary

For subsequent builds, I use:

rm debian/stamps/stamp-build*
debian/rules build
fakeroot debian/rules binary


How do I configure the launcher to "dodge windows"?

12.04
I'm afraid the dodge window capability was deliberately removed from 12.04
According to Mark Shuttleworth

"dodge-windows approach tested very poorly. We thought it would work
well, tried it, tested it, and have had to evolve from there based on
evidence....
If users encounter the dodge by moving windows against
the launcher, then it is fine. They see that the dodge happens when
they push the launcher away, they discover they can move the window
back and the launcher will reappear. So far so good.
Here's the problem. Most users don't discover the dodging by moving a window till
it touches the launcher. They first encounter it when they maximise a
window. So, they login to the desktop. Good. They start an app. Good.
Then they maximise a window, and the launcher "disappears". To these
users, the behaviour is deeply uncomfortable, random. And these are in
fact the majority of users. It also turns out that users who can work
with dodging launchers can also work perfectly well with launchers
which always hide when not used."

By default the launcher is always visible.
More information about how to configure the launcher can be found in the Q&A
How can I configure Unity's launcher auto-hide behavior?

Dodge Windows is a topic covered by WebUpd8
An enterprising developer has written some scripts that mimic the dodge window behaviour when a window is moved into the launcher area - i.e. it hides and unhides as appropriate.
A similar script is available to autohide the launcher when a window is maximised.
Note - these are in binary deb format.  Obviously - installing random binaries is not recommended practise from a security point.  Read the article if you wish to pursue this.


Skypeforlinux not working with external USB Camera

I had exactly the same problem and I have found a good workaround for it.

Suppose your webcam is in /dev/video0.

Please execute the following steps.

Install v4l2loopback by running

sudo apt-get install v4l2loopback-dkms

Enable the v4l2loopback module by running

sudo modprobe v4l2loopback

This will install a virtual webcam, for example in /dev/video1
Finally, when you need your webcam on Skype, just run this command.

ffmpeg -i /dev/video0 -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p -vsync 2 -threads 0 -f v4l2 /dev/video1

This command redirects the real webcam in /dev/video0 to the virtual webcam /dev/video1 which should be recognized by Skype (it worked for me).

If you don't want to write the long ffmpeg command each time, you can save it into a script, say launch_skype_cam.sh defined below.

#!/bin/bash
ffmpeg -i /dev/video0 -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p -vsync 2 -threads 0 -f v4l2 /dev/video1

Or you can set an alias, for example in your .bashrc file.

alias launch_skype_cam='ffmpeg -i /dev/video0 -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p -vsync 2 -threads 0 -f v4l2 /dev/video1'


Unable to locate package libpng12 while installing Icinga

You have to enter the package names correctly.

Correct names of libpng12 and libsnmp5-dev are libpng12-0 libsnmp-dev respectively.

So the correct commands should be :

sudo apt-get install libjpeg62 libjpeg62-dev libpng12-dev libpng12-0

sudo apt-get install snmp libsnmp-dev


Before I'd asked my question, I didn't know about upstart.  For those interested, upstart is an event-driven (instead of a state-transition driven) replacement for the old "System V init" system.

To get to the point and skip the documentation, have a look at the /etc/init folder.  You'll find several .conf files in there.  Editing these files allow you to control at which runlevels different services come up and go down.  These include samba4.conf, which was the main one I was concerned about (as this also controls ldap, kerberos, etc).

I initially went to /etc/init.d/rc2.d and wondered why there were no entries for samba there.

Just to confuse the issue, bind9 (along with other services) is still configured via the old system V init scripts in /etc/rcx.d, so, I rm'd /etc/rc2.d/S15bind9 and made a symlink K15bind9 to the same target in /etc/rc2.d/


Bad magic number in super-block ... contains a ntfs file system labelled 'Σ'

I should have been using ntfslabel instead of e2label.

sudo umount /dev/sdb1
sudo ntfslabel /dev/sdb1 "new_name"


Enjoy the open source realm, you can find many such apps:

Agisoft Photoscan: Here's a tutorial. (not open source, thanks for @Yomismo's comment)
VisualSFM: Here's a tutorial.(not open source,thanks for @Yomismo & @hellocatfood comments)
Python Photogrammetry Toolbox: Here's a tutorial.
openMVG: Here's a tutorial.

Moreover you can use a GNU/Linux distribution called ArcheOS.

  ArcheOS is the acronym of Archeological Operating System. It is a
  GNU/Linux live distribution built for archaeological aims. At the
  moment a new version (5.0 codename “Theodoric”) based on Debian
  “Wheezy” is under development.

You can use the 3D applications that suit your needs.


No reason to give them permanent mount points unless you want to.

When you feel like using one of them, you can just mount it /mnt or anywhere else you wish:

From the command line:

mount /dev/sda4 /mnt

(assuming /dev/sda4 was the partition you wanted to mount). Or you could mount them someplace else like /home/yourusername/somedirectoryyoumade


The Ubuntu Wiki has a very thorough guide that is well illustrated and covers many possible scenarios.

The essence of that page is that you first need a Launchpad account, then press Alt+F2 and enter ubuntu-bug packagename.  In 11.04 and later you can enter ubuntu-bug -w and click on the affected window.

There are also methods described on that wiki page telling you how to:

file bugs against running programs
against no particular package (and how to decide which package)
and from computers with no internet access.

There is a quick tutorial video that explains better.

And some more information on this site about how to gather information for a bug report:

I've got Internal Error whilst running a Ubuntu Beta. How to gather information and find out what it is?


Ubuntu 12.04 crashes on startup for newer versions of Linux, possibly related to WiFi

If anyone else is facing this problem: Upgrading to 14.04 fixed the problem entirely. I'm still not certain what the problem was!


Windows 8 Problem, liveusb, bios = blackscreen

You can access the bios during boot with F2.

You must install Ubuntu secure 64 for EFI system http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-secure/


Use --no-latency-control
Sshuttle manual:

--no-latency-control
Sacrifice latency to improve bandwidth benchmarks. ssh uses really big socket buffers, which can overload the connection if you start doing large file transfers, thus making all your other
sessions inside the same tunnel go slowly. Normally, sshuttle tries to avoid this problem using a "fullness check" that allows only a certain amount of outstanding data to be buffered at a
time.  But on high-bandwidth links, this can leave a lot of your bandwidth underutilized.  It also makes sshuttle seem slow in bandwidth benchmarks (benchmarks rarely  test  ping  latency,
which is what sshuttle is trying to control).  This option disables the latency control feature, maximizing bandwidth usage.  Use at your own risk.


First nautilus instance not showing / mounting (removable) devices in places pane

I now believe this issue is caused by gdu-notification-daemon crashing, which is a known bug (#932662).


Keyboard light hotkey (Fn + F3 and F4) rarely work on an Asus G60J

You can manually set the brightness value (between 0 and 3) of the keyboard with the file:

/sys/class/leds/asus::kbd_backlight/brightness

The simplest is first to give you the right to modify it:

sudo chmod 777 /sys/class/leds/asus::kbd_backlight/brightness

And then change the value, for instance to turn it on:

echo 3 > /sys/class/leds/asus::kbd_backlight/brightness

Or turn it off:

echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/asus::kbd_backlight/brightness

You can set a global shortkey (eg Fn + F3 or F4) for those commands, I'm on KDE then cannot help you for this, just have a look on the settings.

(Note: Maybe the maximum value is not 3 in your case, have a look at /sys/class/leds/asus::kbd_backlight/max_brightness.)


Using UFW, if I create a rule, will it apply to both IPv4 and IPv6?

It depends whether the rule you create is generic, such as

ufw allow 22/tcp

or is specific to one address family, such as

sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 22 proto tcp

Ex.:

$ sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 22 proto tcp
Rule added
$ sudo ufw status numbered
Status: active

     To                         Action      From
     --                         ------      ----
[ 1] 22/tcp                     ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24

but

$ sudo ufw allow 22/tcp
Rule added
Rule added (v6)

$ sudo ufw status numbered
Status: active

     To                         Action      From
     --                         ------      ----
[ 1] 22/tcp                     ALLOW IN    Anywhere
[ 2] 22/tcp (v6)                ALLOW IN    Anywhere (v6)


It sounds like there was an error while updating grub. I'd suggest trying a program like boot repair to see if that could fix it, or to backup your /home directory to another drive and do a fresh install of the version you wanted to upgrade to.

I've received that error before when updating Ubuntu on a usb hard drive, but I'd accidentally messed up the kernel, which required me to either manually fix it, or to do a fresh install. I went with the fresh install.

Hope this helps.

Also, if you have any logs of the original upgrade, please provide them, if possible.


Ran update, restarted laptop, trackpad not working

guiverc has pointed out that this is a bug that is currently being tracked and hopefully rectified: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/185479

The fix below applies certainly to my trackpad, which is Synaptics TM2985-009

For anyone experiencing this issue, the above link provides bug information and troubleshooting from bug testers.

User AaronMa (mapengyu) - comment #11 - has provided his own 3rd party PPA that rectified the issue for me.

If you would like to test this PPA, input the following commands into terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mapengyu/bionic-oem

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt install linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-73-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-73-generic linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-73-generic

(note that you should trust developers of PPA content before sudo installing)

As mentioned, this fixed the issue for me, however you may have another option which I have not tested as yet. To see information about this option, please visit https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Testing/EnableProposed

This is apparently an official fix, however like above, I haven't tested this as yet. As soon as I do, I will edit this comment, or feel free to test it yourself and reference your results here.


I would recommend you Rapidminer Studio but in version 5 since the version 6 is more commercial. You may find it on Sourceforge. There is also a command-line mode, but you possibly need to create a process beforehand in the GUI.


Gnome Online Accounts: Unacceptable TLS certificate

In my case, SSO for New York University, and running Focal Fossa, the required libraries weren't installed. This is how I was able to rectify it.

Install Synaptic Package Manager from Ubuntu Software Library.
Install the following libraries (assuming your organization also follows/uses the same protocols):- apache2, SAML/SAML2, SSO and OAuth.

If Shibboleth protocol is used, try installing it, but there would be dependency issues, since Ubuntu 20.04 is not yet supported. In my case it worked without installing it.

A word of CAUTION, there would be multiple versions of these libraries, based on different languages, install the appropriate ones or if you are not sure and you have a generous disk space, install all variants.


How to start Viber minimized on system startup?

Configure your linux startup commands (Properties - Startup - Viber) for Viber:

/opt/viber/Viber StartMinimized


Adding a custom quicklist-entry to a .desktop file

First of all copying a .desktop file from /usr/share/applications to ~/.local/share/applications will make the copy overwrite the system wide icon only for you. Means you should in most cases not edit files put into /usr/share/applications copy it first and edit it then in ~/.local/share/applications.

As for how to create such a desktop file for your needs, the contents should look like this:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Firefox Web Browser
Comment=Browse the World Wide Web
Comment[de]=Im Internet surfen
GenericName=Web Browser
Keywords=Internet;WWW;Browser;Web;Explorer
Keywords[de]=Internet;WWW;Browser;Web;Explorer;Webseite;Site;surfen;online;browsen
Exec=/bin/bash -c 'export MOZ_USE_XINPUT2=1; firefox %u'
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=firefox
Categories=GNOME;GTK;Network;WebBrowser;
MimeType=text/html;text/xml;application/xhtml+xml;application/xml;application/rss+xml;application/rdf+xml;image/gif;image/jpeg;image/png;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https;x-scheme-handler/ftp;x-scheme-handler/chrome;video/webm;application/x-xpinstall;
StartupNotify=true
Actions=new-window;new-window-wi;new-private-window;new-private-window-wi;

[Desktop Action new-window]
Name=Open a new Window
Name[de]=Ein neues Fenster öffnen
Exec=/bin/bash -c 'export MOZ_USE_XINPUT2=0; firefox -new-window'

[Desktop Action new-window-wi]
Name=Open a new Touch-Window
Name[de]=Ein neues Touch-Fenster öffnen
Exec=/bin/bash -c 'export MOZ_USE_XINPUT2=1; firefox -new-window'

[Desktop Action new-private-window]
Name=Open a New Private Window
Name[de]=Ein neues privates Fenster öffnen
Exec=/bin/bash -c 'export MOZ_USE_XINPUT2=0; firefox -private-window'

[Desktop Action new-private-window-wi]
Name=Open a New Private Touch-Window
Name[de]=Ein neues privates Touch-Fenster öffnen
Exec=/bin/bash -c 'export MOZ_USE_XINPUT2=1; firefox -private-window'

I left out the language specific strings, except the German ones, so it becomes more clear what needs to be changed.

You can simply make a new file in ~/.local/share/applications by copying the above code field with Ctrl+C then

nano ~/.local/share/applications/firefox.desktop

and pasting in your previous copied code field with Ctrl+Shift+V. To exit editing then simply press Ctrl+X, confirm your write by pressing Y and hit Return to write to the filename given.

Since an update will only overwrite the .desktop file in /usr/share/applications this edit should last through updates. but you need to confirm on major changes that the file is still correct according to the system wide file.

 MOZ_USE_XINPUT2=1 /usr/bin/firefox should become the default option;
 The option (quicklist entry) to launch a new window should remain.
 The option (quicklist entry) to launch a private window should remain.
 The custom launcher should persist through Firefox updates.
 The quicklist toolstips should be multilanguage (english and german)


Is it possible to color-code the output of apt?

Sure, it's easy. There are even tools for it. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/981601/colorized-grep-viewing-the-entire-file-with-highlighting

I prefer rcg (Regex Colored Glasses).


How to import settings and files from old HD/smaller to new HD/1TB

You can take an iamge of your old system using Clonezilla and
restore it on your new HD.

Download Clonezilla iso file from here then burn it to a CD and
from this live Cd you can do what you want
You can also use something else like ghost for linux but Clonezilla
is the best
Else you can use AptoCD to backup applications you've installed on
the old HD and restore on the new HD.
http://askubuntu.com/questions/120271/how-do-i-back-up-the-list-of-applications-i-have-installed


I should have only waited 5 minutes and saved myself four days of waiting.

At sector 675M I rebooted and it started back at the beginning, so I pulled the drive, rebooted, crashed, pulled all drives except the boot drive, then got my desktop back.   Eventually I got the computer to boot with all but the bad drive attached, Skipping the disk check and Cancelling the wait for the bad lv mount.

Now one 8T ext4 fs out of the 24T vg is back but the 14T ext4 lv appears beyond repair.  the lvm gui tool crashes when launched, something to do with the pvmove0 segment I cant seem to get rid of.