Well I don't see why people are making a fuss about the quality of the question. It's clearly a decision that lots of developers will want to weigh up before deploying. And there are clearly some differences that are very relevant to deploying each.

I think the prime consideration and comparison between debian stable and an Ubuntu LTS is security and general package updates.

Debian "stable" releases are supported for a year after the next stable release. So if a stable comes out every two years, and you started on a stable release right at its launch, you get three years of updates:

  The security team tries to support a stable distribution for about one year after the next stable distribution has been released, except when another stable distribution is released within this year. It is not possible to support three distributions; supporting two simultaneously is already difficult enough.

You should note that the debian cadence is not guaranteed. Stable releases come out when they're ready. This could mean you get anywhere from 18 months to 18 years of support. This makes it very unpredictable as you won't know when you need to upgrade until you know when the next stable will be finalised.

Compare that to a Ubuntu LTS release, desktop updates are very similar but for the server applications and kernel, you get a mammoth 5 years of support, regardless of any new LTS releases in that time:

  A new LTS version is usually released every 2 years. With the v12.04 Long Term Support (LTS) version you get 5 years support for both the Ubuntu Desktop and the Ubuntu Server. There is no extra fee for the LTS version; we make our very best work available to everyone on the same free terms.

This means you should be able to deploy the latest LTS on a box and not have to worry about it not getting security updates (for supported packages) for years and years. When you have more than a handful of servers, or just some applications that can't afford any downtime for testing upgrades, or just don't have the time to spend a day/week testing upgrades, Ubuntu has a large advantage over debian.


I suspected the problem is with Nvidia GPU. checked dmesg and found there are really a lot of timeouts to the "nouveau" driver.
used this guide to update my driver to more compatible Nvidia driver. Boot now takes ~7 seconds, and login after inserting password ~7-8 more.


You are right, the audex package is available for previous releases (as 14.04 LTS and 16.04 LTS).

We can try to install this package from 16.04 LTS (xenial) repository.

But be carefully and do all steps as I write below:

echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/xenial.list

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/pin-xenial
Package: *
Pin: release a=xenial
Pin-Priority: -1000

Package: audex
Pin: release a=xenial
Pin-Priority: 1

EOF

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install kde-runtime
sudo apt-get install audex -t xenial

Then try to launch Audex.

And remove xenial repository and preferences file:

sudo rm /etc/apt/preferences.d/pin-xenial
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/xenial.list
sudo apt-get update


According to these man pages:

https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/manual/html_node/Wgetrc-Commands.html
https://ftp.gnu.org/old-gnu/Manuals/wget-1.8.1/html_chapter/wget_6.html

I just added inet4_only = on to /etc/wgetrc config file and this option is set globally to all wget commands.


XAMPP/LAMPP launcher shortcut doesn't work Ubuntu 18.04

found the solution, had to install nautils for it to run. In case someone else has this problem trying doing

sudo apt install nautilus-admin


Need to import mail but cannot execute Evolution

The following is an excerpt from the Ubuntu Community Documentation for Migrating Evolution to a New Computer with a slight modification according to your installation:

  Procedure

  Run these two commands on both the source and the target computer (these stop the programs that might interfere with your
  copy):

gconftool-2 --shutdown

evolution --force-shutdown

  Copy the directories ~/.local/share/evolution, ~/.gconf/apps/evolution and ~/.gnome2_private/Evolution from the
  source computer to the same place on the target computer.
  Start Evolution on the target computer (this will automatically start the programs that you stopped in step 1).

  Note: Take care not to start any Gnome applications between steps 1 and 2, as these will automatically restart the programs that you want
  to have stopped.


Does non-persistent LiveUSB run entirely off RAM, or does it still need read/write cycles?

The non-persistent LiveUSB does run entirely off RAM with the toram boot option.  It doesn't use read/write cycles of the LiveUSB.

Without the toram boot option, I just tested to confirm.  I pull the USB out during a session.  None of the items would load after then, including the Ubuntu Dash search.  Also, when I exited out of Firefox it crashed.

Also, the shutdown failed to complete successfully.

With the toram option all all test performs as normal with the LiveUSB removed after the desktop is loaded.

Details for adding the toram option can be found at: Can I boot a Live USB fully to RAM, allowing me to remove the disk?.


Broadcom Wi-Fi Drivers won't activate on retina macbook pro

Installing network drivers when you do not have a working network connection is a pain. The easiest way to get a working network connection is to either:

use a USB ethernet adaptor
use a USB wifi adaptor that is supported (I have successfully used Atheros and ZyDAS adaptors)
use a a smartphone that has USB tethering (I have successfully used Android tether over wifi)

Probably the last option is the one that most people would use, since most people either have a smartphone or can borrow one.


No wireless and display issues on Dell Inspiron 1210 (Mini 12)

According to the Ubuntu wiki page on netbooks the display driver issue is well known. For Lucid the recommended fix is to install updated graphics drivers from a PPA.

Per that page execute the following commands in the Terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gma500/ppa && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install poulsbo-driver-2d poulsbo-driver-3d poulsbo-config

then reboot to enable the newly installed drivers.

With wireless, the solution is less well-documented, but it looks like many netbooks have success using the Broadcom STA drivers. These can be enabled by the "Hardware Drivers" application (under the "Administration" menu).


How can I run Ubuntu 20.04 on 32-bit devices?

I tested and still use x86/i386/32-bit hardware.
post-18.04 and i386
Releases occurred for Lubuntu 18.10 & Xubuntu 18.10 and they were supported the full life of the cosmic cycle.
ISOs were released into the disco cycle too (Lubuntu, Xubuntu), so any installs made with those were provided updated packages the entire life of the product, however both teams (Lubuntu & Xubuntu did not provide support for disco once the ISOs stopped being produced).
It was possible to upgrade from disco (x86/i386) to eoan in the alpha stage, and I did so with a pentium 4 testing box as the different hardware was still useful for detecting issues in the amd64 that still received full support (I didn't have a amd64 box capable of using the video card in the pentium 4 box). However the build architecture for i386 was progressively stopped in the beta stage of eoan so any box, like my pentium 4, that was running 19.10 development was stuck using un-patched software which should be avoided in a production environment, and I soon ignored the box (until it was needed for 18.04.3, 18.04.4, 18.04.5 QA-testing anyway).
I've watched the x86/i386 discussions (with an active interest), and have seen NO NEWS that reports any interest in the x86/i386 architecture being built, released or supported again.  I'm also on the Ubuntu News team, so would like to think I've seen all announcements, releases, blogs etc, and have seen nothing. I'm on IRC most of each day (in many rooms) and have seen nothing along those lines either.  My involvement with a flavor likewise has resulted in no news either.
18.04 and i386
Ubuntu provided support for x86 in 18.04 producing a few install ISOs though, but flavors treated it as a normal release (the last i386 for most flavors), and i386 will be supported the entire life of 18.04's cycle. Whether that will continue into ESM I've seen no definitive news, but flavors do drop support for 18.04 this month anyway (3 years from release of 18.04 on 26-April-2018).


The variable PATH has a predefined meaning: it's the search path for programs. When you type a command name, the shell (or any other program that you tell to execute this command) looks for an executable file in one of the directories mentioned in the PATH variable. In your script, cp is searched in a subdirectory called newimg.png of the current directory (which doesn't even exist, let alone contain an executable file called cp.

Use a different variable name in your script. By convention, environment variables that have a meaning to programs are usually in all uppercase. For variables that are local to a script, you can use lowercase letters to avoid clashes (variable names are case-insensitive). Better, use a more significant name (because having variables that only differ in case is confusing to humans).

#!/bin/bash
echo "Script executed from: ${PWD}"

#copy image and resize it
output_image_name="newimg.png"
output_image_path="${PWD}/${OUTPUT_IMG}"

cp "$1" "$output_image_name"
mogrify -resize 400x300 "$output_image_path"

There's no reason to sometimes use the file name and sometimes the full path here though. Furthermore, instead of copying the file then modifying it in place with mogrify, you might as well use convert directly — convert is the same as mogrify except that it writes to a different output file.

#!/bin/bash
output_image="newimg.png"
convert -resize 400x300 "$1" "$output_image"


Help managing ubuntu 14.04 partition size

You will not be able to do anything to any mounted partitions, and you can't unmount the partition you are running.  So, you will need to boot from a live CD or USB, and then you can do whatever you want to the disk, either shrink it or delete it.

But, if you don't care about the current Ubuntu installation, can't you just install Windows, and tell it to use the entire disk?  I'm not really familiar with Windows, so I'm not sure.  But I do know that if you install Windows, it will not preserve the bootloader, so you would need to know how to restore that even if you kept Ubuntu installed.


What is the easiest way to reset a configuration file that I accidentally deleted?

Is there a way to "checkout" a single file from a package?

Yes, it's easy with the dpkg-deb tool.

Use dpkg --list | grep pptpd to find your pptpd version.
Download the appropriate deb file from http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/pptpd/
For convenience in this example, we'll assume the name is pptpd.deb

Use the following to get a TAR file of the contents from which you can extract the files you need:

dpkg-deb --fsys-tarfile pptpd.deb > pptpd.tar

You can mount the TAR in Nautilus to easily get to the file, or you can use command-line tar.
Alternatively, instead  of converting to a TAR file, you can directly extract the deb to a directory with:

mkdir pptpd-temp && dpkg-deb -x pptpd.deb pptpd-temp

  Note: in this case, pptpd.conf is the default configuration file which comes with the package and is not created dynamically at install time, as dpkg-deb with the list switch -c demonstrates:

$ dpkg-deb -c pptpd_1.3.4-5ubuntu2_amd64.deb | grep conf
  -rw-r--r-- root/root      2247 2012-03-01 22:03 ./etc/pptpd.conf


Renaming virtio network devices in Ubuntu 16.04 is not working

You might be in luck because Linux Kernel version 4.9.9 was just released on Thursday (Feb 9, 2017) with improvements to Virtio among many others. You can read about it here (softpedia.com - Linux kernel 4.9.9 released with many updated drivers x86).

To install the latest kernel version you can follow the instructions here (How do I update kernel to the latest mainline version?) but replace 4.9.8 with 4.9.9.

As an aside there are improvements for Intel i915 and AMDGPU display drivers and Nouveau drivers for nVidia cards. Anyone with unsolvable bugs in those areas should seriously consider installing the new Linux Kernel version.


I suggest to use the -m, --monitor option to inotifywait, in the following way:

#!/bin/sh

WATCHED_DIR="/var/www/magento/media/catalog/product"
UPLOAD_DIR="/cloudfiles/magento/media/catalog/product"

echo "Watching directory: $WATCHED_DIR for new files"
inotifywait -m -q -e create -r "$WATCHED_DIR" --format "%w%f" |
  while read file
  do
    loc="$file"
    rem="$UPLOAD_DIR${file#$WATCHED_DIR}"

    rsync --ignore-existing --inplace -q "$loc" "$rem" &
  done

I also added some quoting to variables, to take into account the possibility of filenames with spaces.


Can't log in (unexpected EOF in .profile)

The message basically says that there is something wrong with the file .profile in your home directory. You will either have to correct this error or to remove the file.

So use a Live CD or USB and boot from that. When the system is up, use "Try Ubuntu" and open the hard drive. You'll find it normally in the sidebar or you can open a terminal and enter ls /media. Your mounted hard drive lives there. Navigate to home/imight. The whole path is /media/SOMETHING/home/imight, where SOMETHING depends on the layout of your drive. The best option is to rename the file .profile to some other name. But you can also open the file and see if you can find the error. Once you've spotted it you might be able to correct it.

After you renamed the file or corrected it you can reboot into your system. Now you'll be able to login.


I'm having the same issue, on the same tablet. I am currently using the developer channel, but not proposed. OS: 15.04 r2. It won't find my .pem key, however after running the commands below, I was able to get my computer to reject my tablet connecting to it via ssh. Please excuse typos

user@ubuntu:~$ adb shell

phablet@ubuntu-phablet:~$ android-gadaget-services enable ssh

phablet@ubuntu-phablet:~$ ssh...

I found out that the build in backup software, which I can't get to work, doesn't allow backup over ssh, if you use the adb interface. The adbd interface does nothing, but acts like it is performing some task.


WiFi on HP Pavilion dv6 stopped working after update to 11.10

Bit of a long shot but I had the same issue on my DV6 with 11.10 until I noticed that I had hit the F12 key which effectively disables the wireless connectivity.
Hit F12 to turn it back on.   Sorry if this is bleedin' obvious but it had me going for while


Could you assure set in

/etc/pulse/daemon.conf

Values

high-priority = no
realtime-scheduling = no


Click the partition you want to resize and then click Change. This should enable you to resize the partition. You'll then be able to create additional partitions for Linux.

Note also that you'll need to set your EFI System Partition (ESP; your /dev/sda2) as an "EFI boot partition," and you'll need to set mount point(s) for all the Linux filesystem partition(s) you create. All of these things can be done from the dialog box that appears when you select a partition and click "Change."


Using external VPN resources from inside VirtualBox

Are you able to connect at all to any vpn-IP?
First try to ping one of those IPs.
If that's successful and you're unable to ping a vpn-hostname then you are facing a DNS problem.

What works for me is having the virtualbox network adapter set to Bridged and the interface set to the vpn (tap0 in my case).
By the way, since the mode is bridged, if you're having a network issue on the guest it's very likely you're also having it on the host.


Guest on Mac host still has tiny screen after installing Virtual Box Guest Additions

I was having similar problems with virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11 error messages. Then found this. Did the three steps, restarted and the screen is perfect.

I did sudo apt-get remove libcheese-gtk23, then sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-core and finally sudo apt-get install -f virtualbox-guest-x11 . It solved problems for me.


Nautilus crashes when I open but runs with sudo

I suggest removing nautilus-dropbox by

sudo apt purge nautilus-dropbox

If you need a Dropbox service, you'd better install it from the Dropbox site.

https://www.dropbox.com/download?dl=packages/ubuntu/dropbox_2019.02.14_amd64.deb

If nothing helps you can create a new user and copy files from the old user to the new one. This should help for sure.


To solve your problem, press CTLR+ALT+F1, then type your user name and password.

After that, you should type sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop, type your password and wait the package to download and to install.

After the install completes, press CTLR+ALT+F7 to go back to the LightDM login screen, things should be working again.

I hope this solution works.


Not 100% sure this will fix the issue, but I am finding workarounds for older versions of Ubuntu, so I'm confident these fixes have been incorporated in xorg-edgers.

Supported Cards (using 346.16 drivers) GeForce 410M

346 may be out of beta now, but this was still in beta as of December. If it's still beta and you want to use latest stable, replace last command with the 343 version command.

To add the xorg-edgers ppa (terminal commands)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-346 nvidia-settings

Again, not sure if 346 still in beta. If you look and is and not comfortable with beta, the latest stable would be

sudo apt-get install nvidia-343 nvidia-settings

And if you want to remove them

 sudo apt-get remove nvidia*
 sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

remove xorg configuration:

 sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Reinstall the Mesa package for GL:

 sudo apt-get --reinstall install libgl1-mesa-glx

And then reboot. you would then just need to go back to 311 if you wanted.


It means that your LPC device is old and contains a bug in the PM-Timer (most commonly known as "High Precision Event Time"). I wouldn't bother with it:

  The Low Pin Count bus, or LPC bus, is used on IBM-compatible personal computers to connect low-bandwidth devices to the CPU, such as the boot ROM and the "legacy" I/O devices (behind a super I/O chip). The "legacy" I/O devices usually include serial and parallel ports, PS/2 keyboard, PS/2 mouse, floppy disk controller and—more recently—the Trusted Platform Module (TPM). The physical wires of the LPC bus usually connect to the southbridge chip on a PC motherboard, which contains the circuit equivalents of the "legacy" onboard peripherals of the IBM PC/AT architecture, such as the two programmable interrupt controllers, the programmable interval timer, and the two ISA DMA controllers.

Unless your TPM requires it and/or your system is giving you headaches related with any of those devices I wouldn't touch it.


Recovering an Encrypted Home Partition Overwritten by LUKS

How much time did the failed/aborted installer spend writing to the drive?

It would take a long time to overwrite all 600GB, and I'm not sure but just setting up LUKS it may not attempt (the recommended secure practice) to overwrite with zeros before creating a filesystem - and it didn't successfully create a filesystem from the "no recognizable filesystem" message.

It may have been able to run wipefs though, which may explain why testdisk couldn't find anything.

Your testdisk & photorec attempts are what I'd suggest too, but photorec should have found more than just a handful of corrupted files out of 600GB. Unless photorec can't recognize eCryptfs files, but it's File Formats Recovered by Photorec page says it should know  ".ecr &
.eCryptfs Encrypted file by eCryptfs".

But, you may not have imaged enough of the drive. The new home partition that was created may not be in the same place as the old home partition. If you had the old home's start/end sectors you could see if it matches, and try imaging/recovering just where the old home used to be...

Trying testdisk's analyze quick & deeper search on the entire drive couldn't hurt now (as long as the drive isn't failing), and/or having photorec search the entire drive for only eCryptfs files...

(I've heard about the Ubuntu installer overwriting things by accident before, don't remember the pressing "continue" detail, but it's not encouraging to hear. Makes me not want to have any irreplaceable drives even powered on when installing. Definitely want a backup next time)


You changed your PATH variable and included a space which hinders the system to find crucial programs. Call gedit with the full path with

/usr/bin/gedit ~/.bashrc

and correct the error. I suspect the faulty line looks like this in your case:

PATH="/opt/grads-2.1.0.oga.1/Contents/Resources/SampleDatasets :$PATH"

while it should be

PATH="/opt/grads-2.1.0.oga.1/Contents/Resources/SampleDatasets:$PATH"

instead. Then save the file, source it with . ~/.bashrc or just open a new terminal and your terminal should be back to normal.


Go to Wine->Configure Wine, press Add application, then show path for your game (*.exe), after that go to Graphics tab and check Emulate a virtual desktop

Then enter your default screen resolution (for example, mine is 1366x768, you can see it from Settings->Display and there you will see Resolution). This will make your game to set a default resolution and this will not be changed.


how can an administrator user delete files

Use Nautilus in gksudo mode. Bring up a terminal and type:

gksudo nautilus

brings up the file browser in sudo mode.


VirtManager 0.95 or 0.10 on Ubuntu and "cannot import name GtkVnc"

I have the same problem with virt-manager 0.10.0 and ubuntu 12.04.3 x64 (I have gir1.2-gtk-vnc-2.0 ). I downloaded a tar from virt-manager web page, unpacked and tried to run "./virt-manager" . virt-manager 0.9.1 works.

For me help  editing virt-manager file

line 276
-    LibvirtGLib.init(None)
+    LibvirtGLib.init(0, "")

PLease see more on: http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.comp.emulators.virt-tools/5642


After searching for a solution for damn 2 months, I was able to solve my own problem.

This problem also exists in Linux Mint, since they are both based on Debian and that means this is an issue which exists in Debian.

This post has a lot of information about the issue:

[SOLVED]Front panel headphones not working with onboard Intel HD Audio

At some point it mentions a package hda-jack-retask. I have searched for it a little bit and found out that it resides in alsa-tools-gui. I Installed it and then I wrote

sudo hdajackretask

In this GUI, I have overridden my front jack to headphones and installed boot override.

Now I have crystal clear sounds from my headphones and also it can detect whether they are plugged in or not! It mutes the speakers when they are plugged in.

This may not be a common issue, but it is a tough one to solve. Other solutions I found on the internet just did not work for this issue.

If anyone reading is able to get this issue solved in future versions of Debian, please contact me or show me how to report this problem.


How to extract space from Ubuntu occupied Partition

To resize a partition it must not be mounted. As you have only one partition you cannot resize it because your OS is on it.
You can create a live CD/USB with GParted, boot from it and resize the partition -> https://gparted.org/livecd.php
Backup all data on different disk before that!


First, you should change /sys's permissions back (sudo chmod a-r /sys will do it, since the default permissions are dr-xr-xr-x). /sys should not be world-writeable!
In general, to create files and directories in parts of the system outside your home folder, external media, and the /tmp folder, you should do it as root with sudo, rather than by changing permissions or ownership to give yourself access. Making directories world-writeable is particularly not recommended.
For information on the recommended way, see:

RootSudo (in the Ubuntu documentation wiki)
How can I rename items in places I don't own, like / , and why shouldn't I?
(about renaming, but related, and details some of the important concepts)

You can even use gksudo nautilus (or sudo -H nautilus if you don't have gksudo) to open a root-owned file browser window. Be careful with this, though--it can do just about anything, and most of those things are things you probably don't want done. Also, note that if you launch a program from a root-owned file browser window, that program will run as root too.
That's generally what you should do, to edit or create new contents of directories owned by root. However...
/sys is different; even root can't directly create stuff there
Like /proc and /dev, in Ubuntu and other OSes using the Linux kernel, /sys is a virtual filesystem, what it represents is not real files on your disk (or anywhere).
In short, /sys is a way the kernel provides information about (physical and virtual) devices.
Some entries in the /sys filesystem are also meaningfully writable and writing to them is a way to dynamically set configuration for devices. (This should not be confused with the /dev filesystem; writing to entries in /dev is a way of sending data to devices.)
But this still must be done as root. Rather than changing permission on /sys or any part of it, you should just perform those action as root with sudo as explained above.
This answer on Unix.SE explains how to do that, and even how to allow some non-administrators (who cannot perform most actions as root) to change some /sys settings.
For more information about how /sys works, see:

sysfs (Wikipedia)
kernel.org docs on sys (as linked to from here)

Entries in /sys are created by the kernel and by drivers; you cannot just create them from the command-line. (As stated above, you can edit some as root, but you cannot generally make new ones from userspace except by loading kernel modules or otherwise installing drivers or modifying the kernel.)
If you happen to be interested in writing drivers, see:

man 2 sysfs
How to Create a `sysfs File Correctly


Why does youtube-dl sometimes fail with "ERROR: No video formats found"?

I got the following result in Ubuntu 20.04.
$ youtube-dl -F https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62uM1trEf6M
[youtube] 62uM1trEf6M: Downloading webpage
ERROR: No video formats found; please report this issue on https://yt-dl.org/bug.
Make sure you are using the latest version; see https://yt-dl.org/update on how
to update. Be sure to call youtube-dl with the --verbose flag and include its
complete output.
The results of snap run youtube-dl -F https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62uM1trEf6M were successful, which indicates that the youtube-dl apt package which is packaged as a .deb package in 20.04 is not up-to-date enough to download this video. Please install the latest stable youtube-dl snap package:
sudo snap install youtube-dl

After installing it you will have two youtube-dl packages installed, and you can invoke the snap package using snap run youtube-dl instead of youtube-dl


Install Ubuntu 12.04 in Dell Inspiron 1420

Installing Ubuntu is usually enough, as it contains the code necessary to run on most hardware. If drivers are required, it will attempt to prompt you via an Additional Drivers dialog.

As such, you do not need to install drivers individually.

You can also read a guide on How to Install Ubuntu 12.04.


12.04 critical error when opening windows games

First of all you HAVE to install your graphics card's drivers.

You can find the Linux drivers at Nvidia's Linux Drivers page.

Some Windows games/programs may not be able to be run using Wine or playonlinux or any other compatibility layer.You should check the Wine Site to make sure if the games/programs you are about to install can run properly.

Here are the links of the 2 games you are trying to play:

Command & Conquer

Pirates

Both Games were tested in older releases(you are using the latest which is 12.04) so i they may not be playable.


After changing permission of ~/.ssh/authorized_keys and the ~/.ssh directory I get a permission denied (public key)

The problems are that the keys are owned by root.

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER ~/.ssh
chmod -R 700 ~/.ssh

These two commands will restore ownership to user and set permissions appropriately.

The general rule is that everything in your home directory should be owned by you. In the case of ssh keys, ssh will refuse to work if ownership does not match username, as it may be a security problem.


Do you have pulseaudio? If you do, is the bluetooth module loaded? I had the same trouble and after loading the pa bluetooth something module everything worked correctly
pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover


I can access my own home folder only with sudo

No. It is not.

Check the permissions of your home folder

ls -lah /home

and/or recursively change permissions

chown -R myuser:myuser /home/myuser

Also check for w-attribute  in the output of ls -lah /home to be present for your home folder at least for the user, you are working with.


How to avoid getting Press ctrl + c to cancel all filesystem checks in process?

How to edit the the /etc/fstab file:
In this case let’s check that the file needs editing first and to do that safely make a backup copy in your home directory. Open the terminal and use the following command
sudo cp /etc/fstab fstab

Then you need to open the fstab file in your text editor and check the line containing the /boot/EFI entry. Doing it this way should display the text so that the lines are not merged together. If you don’t have a 1 at the end of the /boot/EFI line then there is nothing extra to do.
If you do need to edit the file then do the following in your terminal:

sudo nano /etc/fstab
Using the arrow keys on your keyboard move around the file and make any changes.
To save the edits press Ctrl + O (letter O not number 0)
To exit nano press Ctrl + X
To check you haven’t messed up sudo findmnt --verify --verbose If you get no error messages all is well.

If you do get errors replace the fstab file with the backup and come back here for more help:
sudo cp fstab /etc/fstab


How can I see what application is using the internet?

nethogs can monitor the network usage per process.

Start it with sudo nethogs to monitor, and then press m to change to monitoring the total instead of current data transfer. It should look like this:

NetHogs version 0.8.0

  PID USER     PROGRAM                      DEV        SENT      RECEIVED
18232 tim      spotify                      eth0       8.620      37.414 KB
6047  tim      /opt/google/chrome/chrome    eth0      10.129      13.322 KB
5279  tim      ..lib/virtualbox/VirtualBox  eth0       0.750       1.231 KB
32042 tim      /usr/bin/pulseaudio          eth0       0.703       0.844 KB
32446 tim      ..im/Programs/BTSync/btsync  eth0       1.016       0.832 KB
3018  debian-to/usr/bin/tor                 eth0       0.072       0.000 KB
?     root     unknown TCP                             0.000       0.000 KB

  TOTAL                                               21.290      53.644 KB


You can use this Link : http://packaging.ubuntu.com/html/

It will help you to give a head start around Ubuntu packaging.

hope that helps.


Can't modify Intel wireless settings due to "FATAL: Module iwlagn not found." error

The intel wireless driver module appears to have been renamed. Try replacing iwlagn with iwlwifi like so:

modprobe -r iwlwifi
modprobe iwlwifi bt_coex_active=0

How to fix slow wireless on machines with Intel wireless cards?


How can i install NetHunter on Ubuntu 16.04?

no , its an android rom image that does custom things with the hardware to deploy its exploits.

you might be able to get it to boot via an android emulator but you probably will be missing the hardware it needs to work its magic.

Heres how to run roms via adb, make sure you select the right device to emulate for the rom image you download.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1599005


How do I remove XP without disturbing Lubuntu?

Well now that you modified the question, that changes things a bit.  Since Lubuntu was installed using WUBI, its like any other windows application, once you remove windows, everything else will be removed.  Now what I would suggest is that you backup everything that you want, and as stated in the question prior to modification, that you start fresh, and the way to do it is shown below.

Make sure that you get a backup of all the things that you need prior to doing a fresh install.

When you start the Ubuntu installation, and get to the installation type screen, you would choose something else, and delete the partitions that you have, and that is done by clicking on the - sign, and repeat for all partitions that you have.  Then create new ones by clicking on the + sign.

The images below show you how to get that accomplished.  Keep in mind that the partition sizes are informational only, your partition size may differ.  .

Keep in mind that swap size is recommended at twice the amount of RAM that your system have.


How to boot from Windows 7 installation USB and install it after Ubuntu?

Do you know that if you are trying to get a dual boot system, you should install windows first, then Ubuntu.
This is because the Windows Bootloader tends to overwrite the entire hard-drive. See: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsDualBoot#Install_Ubuntu_after_Windows


Well Can You Run It is a system requirements checking tool for any game for Windows. Basically it downloads and run a desktop app on your computer which you have to run it on your computer. This app then detects your hardware configuration and matches against the selected game requirements.

Note: The desktop app does not require you to install Java but make sure you have the latest version of the supported browsers.

If your hardware configuration is equal or above the game requirements then the result displayed on your browser is OK which means you can run that game otherwise a negative result is displayed suggesting you the necessary changes to for your hardware upgrade. I have written a complete guide on using this tool which you can find here.


Based on described situation and screenshots, I do suspect it is caused by problematic IO, as plenty of apps are in D-state (waiting for IO) and freezes are often related to IO issues...

How full is your SSD?
What FS are you using?
Have you checked health of both SSD and FS?

Also, based on your HW, have you done this firmware upgrade? https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dell_XPS_13_(9370)#Storage


RPI4 Ubuntu 19.10 64bit Temperature Monitoring

Without sensors command this has worked on many Ubuntu distributions for me:

$ paste <(cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone*/type) <(cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone*/temp) | column -s $'\t' -t | sed 's/\(.\)..$/.\1°C/'

INT3400 Thermal  20.0°C
SEN1             57.0°C
B0D4             54.0°C
SEN2             54.0°C
SEN3             60.0°C
SEN4             65.0°C
pch_skylake      85.5°C
x86_pkg_temp     55.0°C

Note pch_skylake temperature has always been wonky on my system.


How can I remove old linux-images when installing new kernel updates?

Why aren't old linux-images removed when installing new kernel updates?

Why should they get removed? To the system, there's no reason to do so. They can happily co-exist and if you are experiencing boot problems with the new kernel, you'll be happy that the old one didn't get removed.

  But do I really need the whole history?

I only keep the old kernel until I'm sure the new one works fine. Updates usually should improve things, so running old kernels isn't advisable.


Evince without restrictions on Ubuntu 14.04

You might wish to try Atril, the Evince fork included with Mate. It seems to include all the original features that where there before the Gnome folk decided to "kill the desktop".

You need to add the Mate PPA before installing:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-mate-dev/ppa
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-mate-dev/trusty-mate
sudo apt-get install atril


External HDD for Windows 10 and Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Format it as NTFS, the native format of Windows 10, which Ubuntu can read and write, as noted in https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MountingWindowsPartitions.

Although there are third party drivers to enable Windows to read/write the Ubuntu-native ext4 partitions, I have had bad luck with those myself and don't recommend them.


Is there a difference between using setuid()/setgid() within a program and invoking it with sudo -u xxx -g xxx?

It does make a difference, as one can detect if the privileges were elevated (suid case) which is different from running via sudo. That's because the whole process is running as 'jack' in the sudo case (and never reverts the uid: the process just terminates), whereas the suid case "remembers" the original uid and only the effective uid is changed.

Your situation is slightly different but here is a test script which detects each combination of sudo/suid: test_privs.sh
Similar code is now used in the X11 server to detect elevated privileges: xorg-devel discussion

I haven't looked at your specific device/handbrake needs, but this should put you on the right track.


How do you create another Xubuntu live USB from a live USB?

So, what did you do exactly? Did you:

Boot from the USB live Xubuntu
Re-Download the *.ISO file
apt install some USB disk creator
run it
point it to the ISO and your secone USB stick
Let it do its work and then reboot using the new stick only
?
If yes, then I son't know :) Then, you should maybe just copy the original stick or use the original OS which created your first stick to create the second one.

If no, please do :)
Hope I could help. I'm open for other questions though.
-- Streunekater


ldd can't find one library, but links to the other ones in same directory

sudo apt install libqt5core5a

There is your missing libary


Rename all files in directory through terminal

Terminal method
cd (change directory) to the folder.
run command:
Command 1

rename -n -v 'our $n; my $zn=sprintf("%03d", ++$n); s/.*\./$zn./' *.*

This will display the changes. Remove -n for actual rename.
Answer from @Kusalananda

Command 2

a=1; for i in *.*; do new=$(printf "%03d" "$a"); mv -i -- "$i" "$new.${i##*.}"; let a=a+1; done

GUI method
Select all files to be renamed.
Right click and select rename.
Delete [Original file name] from the option area.
Click on "Add" and select 001, 002, 003, 004.
Click on "Rename".


I had a similar issue on my Asus UX550VD on Ubuntu 16.04, 17.10 and 18.04. I can only confirm the fix for 18.04.

To build a bit more of an understanding of the various sound control, I recommend you run

$ alsamixer

in a shell, and play around with the various levels to understand what they do (as well as see how your volume controls change the levels).

On my machine, I found that the master volume did nothing. Only changing the PCM values would adjust the volume on my speakers. My volume control would only change master though. Hence the volume remaining the same regardless of the displayed volume.

I found a fix to adjust PCM instead of master from https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=91453

To reiterate the fix:

(Make sure to backup the file before it, just in case something goes wrong)

In this file

/usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-output.conf.common

I added in

[Element Master]
switch = mute
volume = ignore

just before this block

[Element PCM]
switch = mute
volume = merge
override-map.1 = all
override-map.2 = all-left,all-right

This means the master volume is ignored entirely and you will instead configure the PCM volume when using the volume controls.

I rebooted machine and my volume worked as expected. Look at alsamixer to double check the behavior in case it doesn't work (I had a typo in my config the first time I did this).


error: unknown filesystem / grub rescue>

To make a USB bootable, intead of simply copying the contents from an ISO, you must use a utility such as unetbootin, which can be found here.

Download, follow the prompts, and you should have a fully working Live CD.  But be sure to format the USB first.


Extracting from a tar file - Default behavior: overwrite or keep?

You can try it by yourself:

echo 1 > 1
echo 2 > 2
tar cf foo.tar 1 2
echo 3 > 1
echo 4 > 2
tar xf foo.tar
cat ?
1
2

First two files (1 and 2) were created. Than an archive foo.tar was created. The next step changed the file contents and after that foo.tar was extracted. If you look into the files you'll see the old contents.

So --overwrite is default.


Some other question on SO had the solution:
Open GUI apps on a Ubuntu 16.04 machine via SSH from an Ubuntu 14.04 machine
and it solved my problem.


My Network Printer is printing smiley faces simultaneously!

Well the problem is might be in the printers memory i would first try to disconnect it from the wall and network, then hit the power button a few times, give it about five minutes to fully discharge all the power stored within the memory, then plug in the power cable. Hit cancel, reset, then print To see if that clears out the volatile memory further more. To see if it doesn't print the smiley face,if it persists then the problem might be within the non-volatile memory, you might need to use a utility to format that correctly, but its also a possibility that the job is coming in from some ware on the network so then after checking to see if it prints plug in the network cable.

take a look at the support page or maybe a manual about the printer.

http://www.support.xerox.com/support/phaser-3250/downloads/enus.html?operatingSystem=macosx


How do I install XULRunner since it's a requeriment for Pencil?

You can install the latest source of XULRuner by executing:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-mozilla-daily/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xulrunner-2.0 xulrunner-2.0-dev xulrunner-2.0-gnome-support xulrunner-dev

Once installed you'll need to update-alternatives so it's used by default:

sudo update-alternatives --config xulrunner

Be careful that this ppa also contains an updated version of firefox and thunderbird.


How do I create a CLI Web Spider that uses keywords and filters content?

To solve this task I've created the next simple bash script that mainly uses the CLI tool wget.

#!/bin/bash

TARGET_URL='http://e-bane.net/modules.php?name=Stories_Archive'
KEY_WORDS=('pa4080' 's0ther')
MAP_FILE='url.map'
OUT_FILE='url.list'

get_url_map() {
    # Use 'wget' as spider and output the result into a file (and stdout)
    wget --spider --force-html -r -l2 "${TARGET_URL}" 2>&1 | grep '^--' | awk '{ print $3 }' | tee -a "$MAP_FILE"
}

filter_url_map() {
    # Apply some filters to the $MAP_FILE and keep only the URLs, that contain 'article&sid'
    uniq "$MAP_FILE" | grep -v '\.\(css\|js\|png\|gif\|jpg\|txt\)$' | grep 'article&sid' | sort -u > "${MAP_FILE}.uniq"
    mv "${MAP_FILE}.uniq" "$MAP_FILE"
    printf '\n# -----\nThe number of the pages to be scanned: %s\n' "$(cat "$MAP_FILE" | wc -l)"
}

get_key_urls() {
    counter=1
    # Do this for each line in the $MAP_FILE
    while IFS= read -r URL; do
        # For each $KEY_WORD in $KEY_WORDS
        for KEY_WORD in "${KEY_WORDS[@]}"; do
            # Check if the $KEY_WORD exists within the content of the page, if it is true echo the particular $URL into the $OUT_FILE
            if [[ ! -z "$(wget -qO- "${URL}" | grep -io "${KEY_WORD}" | head -n1)" ]]; then
                echo "${URL}" | tee -a "$OUT_FILE"
                printf '%s\t%s\n' "${KEY_WORD}" "YES"
            fi
        done
        printf 'Progress: %s\r' "$counter"; ((counter++))
    done < "$MAP_FILE"
}

# Call the functions
get_url_map
filter_url_map
get_key_urls

The script has three functions:

The first function get_url_map() uses wget as --spider (which means that it will just check that pages are there) and will create   recursive -r URL $MAP_FILE of the $TARGET_URL with depth level -l2. (Another example could be found here: Convert Website to PDF). In the current case the $MAP_FILE contains about 20 000 URLs.
The second function filter_url_map() will simplify the content of the $MAP_FILE. In this case we need only the lines (URLs) that contain the string article&sid and they are about 3000. More Ideas could be found here: How to remove particular words from lines of a text file?
The third function get_key_urls() will use wget -qO- (as the command curl - examples) to output the content of each URL from the $MAP_FILE and will try to find any of the $KEY_WORDS within it. If any of the $KEY_WORDS is founded within the content of any particular URL, that URL will be saved in the $OUT_FILE.

During the working process the output of the script looks as it is shown on the next image. It takes about 63 minutes to finish if there are two keywords and 42 minute when only one keyword is searched.


Writing a bash script to execute/automate install of drivers

Not every update, but every kernel update, that is why ubuntu uses DKMS for automatic compilation of modules for new kernels.
As @Radu Rădeanu wrote you didn't call install function.
To unpack archive in a script use tar xf archivename
use make && sudo make install && sudo shutdown -r now, because if make fails your script will still try to install those drivers and restart system. It is also a good idea to use make clean before compiling.
You don't have to download drivers every time, just put them in /usr/local/src/


Is it possible to install Arch packages on Ubuntu?

In this related question virtually everybody seemed to be opposed to the idea of doing it. So I guess the answer is: dont't.
However, to unpack the .zst file all you need is to install zstd:
apt install zstd

... and unpack it with tar -xf file.tar.zst.
In case of the arch-wiki-docs package, the contents will end up in usr/share/doc/arch-wiki/html (relative to your current folder, unless you run as root and cd /).


My process was to install Dash to Dock (DTD) via FF, refresh FF, click on the tools icon and configure as desired.  To effectively disable Ubuntu Dock and have DTD work properly, I had to reboot, but then all was well and DTD appeared in the Extensions app.  I disabled Ubuntu Dock, but it doesn't seem to make a difference while DTD is enabled.


My Ubuntu Software doesn't show installed programs or available programs any more

Since this is a known bug which Canonical must fix, may I offer an alternative until then?  https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/addremove-install-synaptic.html.en describes the Synaptic Package Manager which is described in the link above as more powerful and can do some software management tasks which Ubuntu Software can't.


Matching two files and printing lines that appear first time

Try this,

grep -f file1 file2 | awk '!_[$2]++'

 1  C95696352 score:  -69.785 nathvy =  38 nconfs =          888
 3  C96209347 score:  -57.128 nathvy =  24 nconfs =         1188
 6  C89372772 score:  -55.728 nathvy =  22 nconfs =         3228
20  C85594749 score:  -49.780 nathvy =  44 nconfs =         4536

Explanation

grep -f file1 file2: search in file2 for matches of patterns obtained from file1
awk '!_[$2]++': Don't print anything if field $2 has been seen before (via)

_ is the array name (can be anything, e.g. "seen")
_[$2]++ will create an array entry with the key being the content of field $2 and add 1
If _[$2] was not (!) already set, print the line. The printcommand is the default action that is made by awk when the condition matches.


I think yo're typo of the string. Read the readme.txt first.

-----How to Install-----
You need login as root

Run tar jxvf linux_install.tar.bz2
Run ./install in TERMINAL to install MobilePartner
eg: # bash //install
If you had installed this software in your system before, you will get a prompt: "The software is exist, do you want overwrites? ([Y]/[N])", enter "y" to overwrites or "n" to exit.
If you do not had installed this software in your system before, you will get a prompt: "Please input the install path[/usr/local/Mobile_Partner]:". Then you can input install path(fullpath), or you may using the default path(/usr/local/Mobile_Partner) by press ENTER direct
Finish installing

-----How to run-----

From shortcut in desktop
Run MobilePartner in your install path
eg: # //MobilePartner
Plug in your device, it will run automatically (Not supported in Xandros)


How should I debug the error "Could not grab keyboard. A malicious client may be eavesdropping on your session."

Here's how to solve your mystery. The goal is more to teach users "how to fish" by using standard Ubuntu utilities to dig into the details of any process on their system.

Step #1 (for curiosity mostly): identify which program is giving you this error:

# -- You may need to search under more dirs, YMMV
#    List files (incl. binaries) which contain the warning string

$ sudo grep -ral 'malicious client may be eavesdropping' /usr /bin /lib
/usr/lib/openssh/gnome-ssh-askpass

In my env the only program which contains this warning string in its binary is gnome-ssh-askpass. I could search if there's a bug filed on this particular program, and even download its source apt-get source ssh-askpass-gnome (note that the package name is different than the program name) for further inspection.

However, I suspect the root cause is not a problem in gnome-ssh-askpass. Since gnome-ssh-askpass is asking for your passphrase, its developers simply chose to err on the side of caution when failing to grab the keyboard, assume the worst-case scenario, and make the message sound uber-paranoid. But note that typing your passphrase or password into some random web-site dialog-box by accident is probably not a good idea, so in that sense the gnome-ssh-askpass developers have made the right call.

Recently more and more web sites have started engaging in the practice of displaying a popup, fading everything else outside the popup dialog, and aggressively grabbing focus. This might be the root cause for gnome-ssh-askpass failing to grab the keyboard. If your browser being open on such site, closing the browser or navigating away from the aggressive web site may help.  If this is the cause, you may be interested in a desktop setting preventing individual processes from grabbing the complete (full desktop) focus.  In KDE for example, this setting can be found under (System-Settings -> Window-behavior -> Focus -> Focus stealing prevention). If you feel really paranoid, I would recommend setting it to High or Extreme.  Of course, this may also prevent gnome-ssh-askpass itself from grabbing the keyboard, or more accurately: grabbing the X focus.

Step #2: Identify suspicious processes:

Knowing that in Unix, devices appear like files uder /dev, the next question is what device represents "the keyboard" in the file-system hierarchy. We can use the lsof (list open files) utility for this.

# look for processes holding devices open, filter out some common ones:
$ sudo lsof | grep /dev | grep -vE '/(null|urandom|zero)'

Notice that most of the processes holding devices open in a typical desktop env are holding /dev/pts/<N> (a pseudo tty) open. These are the "devices" of interest.

Some background on what's going on here:

In a typical Linux graphical desktop, processes don't talk to the keyboard directly. Instead the X program (Xorg) controls all the keyboard events via a device /dev/input/event<N>. X uses an event handler (evdev) which among other things, handles keyboard events.  You can also verify this by looking at the X log: /var/log/Xorg.0.log where keyboard is mentioned.

The keyboard events are forwarded from the X event handler to the process that has the mouse pointer focus at any time via the process standard-input which is open on /dev/pts/<N>. Strictly speaking: a process doesn't actually "grab the keyboard", the keyboard is held by X, the process only has (or grabs) "focus" or the attention of X so X can forward keyboard events to it via an open stdin file descriptor on /dev/pts/<N>.

Step #3: which process has the Xorg focus at any particular time?

How to figure which process has the focus at any particular time? Here's a askubuntu question answering this:

  find out the application under the mouse

The summary of the answer is to run a script like the following in a terminal while navigating around with the mouse:

#!/bin/bash
# Print the process tree of the window currently in focus.
# prereqs:
#   sudo apt-get install xdotool psmisc

while true; do
   pstree -spaul $(xdotool getwindowpid "$(xdotool getwindowfocus)")
   sleep 2
done

Step #4: dig deeper into process activity

Once you have a suspect process identified, the last step is to investigate this individual process. For that you may turn to the Linux /proc filesystem (man 5 proc).

Almost anything you may want to know about a process is available under /proc.  In fact, programs like lsof (list open files), debuggers which examine process state, and process-listing utilities like ps or top, all rely on /proc which is populated by the kernel, for data.

Using proc you can find where the process executable program is on disk (e.g. any program outside the standard system directories, especially if it is trying to hide under a "don't pay attention to me" kind of name, may be suspect) and using a debugger or system call tracer you can examine what exactly are they doing on the system call level (even if you don't have their source code).

Steps #2 and #3 should give you all the process-IDs (PIDs) that can potentially be reading your keyboard. For each of these PIDS (let's denote each one as $pid) you may:

Map $pid to its full command line:

cat /proc/$pid/cmdline

Map $pid to its on disk executable:

ls -l /proc/$pid/exe

Map $pid to its current working directory:

ls -l /proc/$pid/cwd

Map $pid to its original environment

cat /proc/$pid/environ | tr '\000' '\012'

Trace $pid (and its children-procs) system-call activity in real-time:

strace -f -p $pid

(There's more: see man 5 proc)

If you see an unfamiliar process that reacts to every key-press by storing it into a file (via write) or sending it over the network to via sendto, you may have found a keyboard sniffer.

You can also check which processes have (tcp+udp) network endpoints open:

# See 'man netstat' for details on all options used below
$ sudo netstat -tunapee

Bottom line:

The most likely cause for the error is not malware, but multiple processes trying to get keyboard control at the same time. One of the two is gnome-ssh-askpass (the one printing the error). The other may be an open browser on a site with an aggressive focus-acquiring dialog box.

Even in the remote chance that you actually have some malware installed, the good news is that since you're on Linux, all processes are transparent for you to research and inspect. It would be very hard for malware to really hide from you, or to prevent you from easily locating it using the above techniques, killing its processes, and removing all its files.


http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/09/indicator-keylock-ubuntu
try this Web site it works on ubuntu 13.10


Simple solution - you can't. Ubuntu Live Session User does not have password. If user does not have password, locking screen is meaningless.

However, you CAN create new user, and give him a new password. I believe, if you log in as this newly created user, you should be able to lock screen.


Disable the autohide feature in the Ubuntu menubar

Do you mean the launcher? If so, you have to go to the "System Settings", than open "Appearance" and then go to "Behavior". There you can switch off the Auto-hide function of the launcher.


Change postfix name from "localhost" to something meaningful?

Hurrrrrr.

I've just noticed that in /etc/postfix/main.cf there was a line that read:

myhostname = localhost

I've changed that to :

myhostname = example.com

And restarted. All is fixed.


Is it good practice to upgrade .deb packages with pip?

While it is safer to use .deb packages, in Python this may be so true since there is the VirtualEnv solution and the preferred PIP packager downloading packages from the official repositories (PyPI)

Using VirtualEnv and  PIP you keep your system's Python installation clean since you can install packages with PIP inside virtualenv, in case something goes wrong, you can delete the virtualenv and start over.

Additionally moving packages between virtualenvs is very easy with PIP since PIP can export the installed packages in a text file (see requirements.txt) and can import them back in a clean Python system.

You may want to see the following answers - question talking about PIP, dpkg, apt-get and other distributing solutions:

After PIP install --upgrade Dpkg still lists old python packages
https://stackoverflow.com/q/6874527/307826
easy_install/pip or apt-get


How can I get the name of the current terminal from command-line?

Original version

One way to do this is to get the parent process of your current shell session and from there the name of the terminal.

Get the parent of the current shell process. The bash variable $$ is the PID of your current shell, so we can give that as a query to ps (-p $$) and ask it tp print the PID of the parent process (-o ppid=, the trailing = is to avoid printing column headers):

$ ps -p $$ -o ppid=
544

So, the PID of my shell's parent is 544.
Get the process associated with that PID and print its command line

$ ps -p 544 o args=
/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/terminator

The above output will depend on what terminal emulator you are using, I am using terminator.
Combine everything in a single command

ps -p $(ps -p $$ -o ppid=) o args=

Use that to get the version

$(ps -p $(ps -p $$ -o ppid=) o args=) --version
terminator 0.97

Add a little function to your ~/.bashrc that returns the name and version of the terminal emulator you're using (this works for most common terminal emulators):

which_term(){
    term=$(ps -p $(ps -p $$ -o ppid=) -o args=);
    found=0;
    case $term in
        *gnome-terminal*)
            found=1
            echo "gnome-terminal " $(dpkg -l gnome-terminal | awk '/^ii/{print $3}')
            ;;
        *lxterminal*)
            found=1
            echo "lxterminal " $(dpkg -l lxterminal | awk '/^ii/{print $3}')
            ;;
        rxvt*)
            found=1
            echo "rxvt " $(dpkg -l rxvt | awk '/^ii/{print $3}')
            ;;
        ## Try and guess for any others
        *)
            for v in '-version' '--version' '-V' '-v'
            do
                $term "$v" &>/dev/null && eval $term $v && found=1 && break
            done
            ;;
    esac
    ## If none of the version arguments worked, try and get the
    ## package version
    [ $found -eq 0 ] && echo "$term " $(dpkg -l $term | awk '/^ii/{print $3}')
}

You can now get the name of the terminal and also pass any option you like to it (such as --version.

Some examples using different terminals:

xterm

$ which_term
XTerm(297)

terminator

$ which_term
terminator 0.97

rxvt, this one has none of the -V, -version or --version flags so no version info is printed.

$  which_term
rxvt  1:2.7.10-5

gnome-terminal.

$ which_term
gnome-terminal  3.10.1-1

konsole

$ which_term
Qt: 4.8.6
KDE Development Platform: 4.11.3
Konsole: 2.11.3

lxterminal

$ which_term
lxterminal  0.1.11-4

xfce4-terminal

$ which_term
xfce4-terminal 0.6.2 (Xfce 4.10)

Copyright (c) 2003-2012
    The Xfce development team. All rights reserved.

Written by Benedikt Meurer <benny@xfce.org>
and Nick Schermer <nick@xfce.org>.

Please report bugs to <http://bugzilla.xfce.org/>.

New and improved

The above approach is not that trustworthy though. It will choke when you run your shell after suing to another user or when your terminal is aliased to something and various other cases. Since we are obviously working with X programs here, a better way might be to use something like xdotool (installable with sudo apt-get install xdotool) to get the information instead:

perl -lpe 's/\0/ /g' /proc/$(xdotool getwindowpid $(xdotool getactivewindow))/cmdline

The above will print the command line used to launch the currently active window. Since your terminal will, presumably, be active, that is the command it will show. This means that for most terminal emulators, you can safely assume that the 1st field returned is the terminal name:

$ which_term
lxterminal

This means that getting the version is trivial. For example

$ dpkg -l $(which_term) | awk '/^ii/{print $3}'
0.1.11-4

Not so for gnome-terminal:

$ which_term
/usr/lib/gnome-terminal/gnome-terminal-server

or terminator:

$ which_term
/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/terminator

So, we can make it a little more complex (there are some bashisms here, this one is not portable):

which_term(){
    term=$(perl -lpe 's/\0/ /g' \
           /proc/$(xdotool getwindowpid $(xdotool getactivewindow))/cmdline)

    ## Enable extended globbing patterns
    shopt -s extglob
    case $term in
        ## If this terminal is a python or perl program,
        ## then the emulator's name is likely the second
        ## part of it
        */python*|*/perl*    )
         term=$(basename "$(readlink -f $(echo "$term" | cut -d ' ' -f 2))")
         version=$(dpkg -l "$term" | awk '/^ii/{print $3}')
         ;;
        ## The special case of gnome-terminal
        *gnome-terminal-server* )
          term="gnome-terminal"
        ;;
        ## For other cases, just take the 1st
        ## field of $term
        * )
          term=${term/% */}
        ;;
     esac
     version=$(dpkg -l "$term" | awk '/^ii/{print $3}')
     echo "$term  $version"
}

This works for all cases I tested on.


Starting script when computer starts

I found out way to make program run when machine boots. Just type in Terminal

cd /etc/init.d - going to init directory
And now we gonna write script that will do your command. For that type sudo gedit trackpad and paste this code in

 #! /bin/sh
 # /etc/init.d/trackpad
 #
 xinput set-prop "Cypress APA Trackpad (cyapa)" "Synaptics Finger" 15 20 256
 Save that file. With this step you have created script that must run and 'start' your trackpad. Important to make file executable using chmod 755 fileName
Now we will need to say computer to run that script when computer boots. For that type this command:
 sudo update-rc.d trackpad defaults
Now you're done, just try to reboot computer :)

Sources:

Stack overflow
Superuser

Starting script when user will login using 'Startup applications'

Just add that to startup, and it will work when your computer will start. To do that just go to Unity and search for Startup Applications, click Add and type name link Trackpad start and in Command field fill in:
bash -c 'xinput set-prop "Cypress APA Trackpad (cyapa)" "Synaptics Finger" 15 20 256'

Notice that second way will work only when you will log in, not when computer will start.


To install gfortran, make sure that universe repository is checked, and then

Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install gfortran

Or you can just install it from the USC or by clicking on the image below:


The bug seems to be fixed now. Without me reporting it.

In 12.04 and 12.10 the settings can be found with dconf-editor or dconf in /org/gnome/settings-daemon/peripherals/mouse/middle-button-enabled and persist over standby and reboot.


Backing up using Clonezilla, what's the order? Any better alternative?

When using the Clonezilla disk-to-disk option, you will first be prompted for a source drive, then the target drive. The target drive will be overwritten and all information on it will be lost.

This is in contrast to the other option, disk-to-image, where you are first asked to select a target device which the image will be saved at. Then, at the end, you will be asked what drive(or drives) you want to include.

Hope this comes to help.


Hello dear user296596,

First! Relax and listen to the comments of your answer. Your Laptop/PC/Whatever still works and welcome abroad to Ubuntu.

Nothing bad happened.

Welcome.


QGIS (Quantum GIS) install fails, unmet dependencies

May be you are doing some mistake.. I recommend you to follow the official website of Qgis to install it in Ubuntu 13.04.

I'm listing the way how to install:

1st way to install QGIS (preferred.)

First remove already added repositories which you tried to install Qgis:

Execute this in your terminal: sudo software-properties-gtk and go to Other Software tab.
Then remove those repositories that you added using your mentioned tutorial. Find names similar to http://qgis.org/debian and ubuntugis-unstable. Close the window.
The execute this command in terminal to update your repository: sudo apt-get update

Now add the QGIS repository once again to your /etc/apt/sources.list file. Do it by following these steps:

Open terminal and execute:

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Add following lines at the last line:

deb     http://qgis.org/debian raring main
deb-src http://qgis.org/debian raring main

Save the file and close the window.
Execute following two commands to add public key of QGIS

gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 47765B75
gpg --export --armor 47765B75 | sudo apt-key add -

Update repository by executing following command:

sudo apt-get update

Now install QGIS by following these steps:

First remove already installed QGIS or any residual( and broken) packages if any:

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get autoremove qgis
sudo apt-get --purge remove qgis

Install grass plugin:

sudo apt-get install grass
sudo apt-get install qgis-plugin-grass

Finally install QGIS:

sudo apt-get install qgis python-qgis

2nd way to install *QGIS via Ubuntugis repository:*

You can also install QGIS by adding Ubuntugis repository. (The ubuntugis project provides newer versions of various FOSSGIS packages, QGIS being one of them.)

First remove http://qgis.org/debian lines from your /etc/apt/sources.list. 2nd step in my first method can help you how to remove.
Then executes these commands:

sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntugis/ubuntugis-unstable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install qgis python-qgis qgis-plugin-grass

It should install without any problem. Reply if something goes wrong..

Source: www.qgis.org


Seems like a lot of people are getting the same issue. So did I. @PeterVinsel's solution in this thread here worked perfectly for me: https://askubuntu.com/a/1328913/400658 . Maybe it'll work for you too.


Nvidia GeForce GT 750M Driver issue (black Screen or login loop)

As far as I remember you just have to follow the instructions here https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Bumblebee. For the sake of completeness I am just copying the relevant part in the next lines:

Enable the Universe and Multiverse repositories in order to allow the bumblebee and nvidia packages to be installed
Do sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia primus linux-headers-generic at your terminal
Reboot.

Then read the "usage" subsection in the same link.


Install ubuntu 12.04 on a partitioned windows 7

You will want to use the Something Else option. On the choice on how you want to use your disks, pick Something Else.

Find the 200 GB partition and click Edit after highliting it by clicking it. In the Use As field, set it as Ext4, and check the Format checkbox. Set the Mount Point to /. You will be confronted with a warning about swap. I rarely use it, but if you have little RAM, you may want to make your 200GB partition a bit smaller and  add a partition in the free space with the Use As option set as Linux Swap.


You can use iotop. To install, open a terminal and execute the following command:

sudo apt-get install iotop

To use iotop, open a terminal and type the following command:

sudo iotop

iotop features real-time display of all disk activity and also displays the command responsible for the activity and the user behind the command just like Resource Monitor.

Click here for more information.

Also similar to resource monitor is htop in it's ability to identify and kill processes:

sudo apt-get install htop

and to run htop in monitor mode:

htop

or, for more features and permissions to fully debug and kill individual processes etc.:

sudo htop


I think you're looking for libapache2-mod-fcgid not libapache2-mod-fastcgi.
According to the description for libapache2-mod-fcgid I think it's what you're looking for?
libapache2-mod-fcgid - FastCGI interface module for Apache 2


Are there Unity-like quicklists for GNOME?

They are planned for the future, called "Jump Lists" in GNOME 3 lingo, but are currently only implemented as an extension installable at extensions.gnome.org. It should be noted that "Application menus" currently serve a similar role.

Action lists have been added to the FreeDesktop.org app launcher specification. In theory, all compliant desktop environments may make use of quicklists.


It appears to be an issue with the way subpixel rendering ends up working with Ubuntu and Arial. A suggested workaround is to make Arial automagically a size bigger when 12 pixel text is requested.

 I couldn’t imagine it being so simple as putting a .fonts.conf in your home dir containing:

<fontconfig>
  <match target="font">
    <test name="family" compare="eq"><string>Arial</string></test>
    <test name="pixelsize" compare="eq"><double>12</double></test>
    <edit name="pixelsize" mode="assign"><double>13</double></edit>
  </match>
</fontconfig>

  But it really is as simple as that. In human language, the XML file tells fontconfig to set the pixelsize of Arial to 13 when any program requests Arial with pixelsize 12. How beautiful.

I would guess there might be a way to tweak the subpixel renderer so that Arial doesn't appear too small at 12 pixels. If there's such a way, it's probably to be found on this crazy wiki page about fontconfig from archlinux. If someone wants to read that page and tell me what to do, I'd happily give them best answer.

For now, I just nuked the mscorefonts.

Here is another approach to getting fonts in Linux to look much more like those from Windows. I may update this answer tomorrow if I have time to try those suggestions.


Incidentally, you can see the available CPU frequencies using:

cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies

..the maximum frequencies using:

cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq

and the current CPU frequencies using:

cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/cpuinfo_cur_freq


Global menu hides window decorator from startup applications

converted comment to answer

I can't reproduce your problem - however the following may help:

Running applications through the Startup Applications GUI can sometimes be problematic - the GUI interface is being loaded at the same time as the applications specified in the Startup Applications.

Occasionally you can get unfortunate interactions such as your Thunderbird observation.

In my-case, I have pidgin or empathy started through the GUI but these applications did not display correctly.

The workaround I used was to introduce a short delay to allow the Unity/Gnome-Shell interface to be brought-up fully before pidgin or empathy was started.

Can I suggest you try something similar for Thunderbird - for the Startup-Applications command line entry thunderbird change this to:

bash -c 'sleep 15 && thunderbird'

The command delays the startup of thunderbird by 15 seconds - if it works for you experiment with reducing the sleep 15 value to give you the optimum shortest delay for starting Thunderbird.


Ubuntu will not boot after updating to 15.05

Besides that I never received a recommendation to upgrade an Ubuntu LTS version
to a "normal version" you can do the following to achieve at least what you want.

Boot from Ubuntu install media and save your personal data from within there.
The easiest way is using Nautilus file manager with root privileges - so do this :

Open a terminal and execute

sudo dbus-launch nautilus

Copy all the files and folders you want to keep to another internal partition or external drive.

Reinstall GRUB boot loader

sudo mount /dev/sda5 /mnt
sudo grub-install --boot-directory=/mnt/boot /dev/sda

Note : sda = disk | sda5 = system partition | (taken from the pastebin output you provided)

To re-check the partition numbers use GParted, the tool is included in the Ubuntu install media.

If this does not work you can download a current Ubuntu version, install it and restore back the files and folders you saved before. Ubuntu 15.10 is just around the corner, so ... maybe wait ... ?


Ubuntu Server only using 200/500GB on SSD

I re-installed the server. If anyone else has this problem, re-install the server and un-check the LVM option. Select the storage device as a boot device and then select the same device with format ext64 (depending) and that’s what worked for me.


This depends on where you were keeping the icons. If you were keeping them somewhere inside your home directory and not renaming your user, they should stay, but if you are using the files located in /usr/share/ then they might be changing names by the packaging system.

As a test I setup a VM with Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, configured some custom icons I stored in ~/Icons and then upgraded it to 18.04. After upgrading the custom icons were still present.


"input/output error" looks like the installation medium is broken. Please try again with a different DVD or USB drive.


need to switch DP daisy-chained monitors on & off to get xrandr to switch them on

Found a reasonable hackaround. The following script does what I want, albeit in a kinda ugly way

alias xcmd='xrandr cmd to turn on monitors, turn off laptop'
alias xcmd_inv='xrandr cmd to turn off monitors, turn on laptop'
xcmd
sleep 1
xcmd_inv
sleep 1
xcmd
sleep 1
xcmd_inv
sleep 1
xcmd

That's not the real script, but hopefully clear enough to anyone trying to deal with this.


Skype does not use default Ambiance theme

To fix Skype's GTK+ theme on Ubuntu 13.04.

first you have to enable MultiArch by running (in a terminal window) the command:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

then refresh apt repository list by typing:

sudo apt-get update

and then you have to install the following package:

sudo apt-get install gtk2-engines-murrine:i386


Well, solution is to allow default forwarding policy.

file:

/etc/default/ufw

line:

DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY="ACCEPT"


Can't mount Windows share through cifs Ubuntu 14.04

I believe that error usually means that the share share_name does not exist.

Make sure you're sharing it right in Windows and you're using the right share name.

You can check with smbclient (sudo apt-get install smbclient) what's being shared:

$ smbclient -L 192.168.1.104 -U username
Enter username's password:
Domain=[DOMAIN] OS=[Windows 10 Enterprise 14393] Server=[Windows 10 Enterprise 6.3]

    Sharename       Type      Comment
    ---------       ----      -------
    share_name      Disk
    ...

(I get a couple warnings about logging being disabled and stuff that I omitted.)


Changing a user's home directory to a specific folder inside root

The default permissions for /root are rwx------, so your user can't access his home directory /root/fivem. You must set the permissions of both /root and /root/fivem so that it can be accessed by ftpuser.

(I don't know if that's a good idea, but if you absolutely want to use such a home directory, it is necessary.)


Duplex printing, Brother DCP 7065DN, (K)ubuntu 14.10

I solved the duplex problem using the Driver Install Tool in Ubuntu 16.04. The tool will install LPR, CUPSwrapper driver and scanner driver (for scanner models).

Configure your router and give your printer a static IP-address.
Download linux-brprinter-installer-[version].gz from here
Run in terminal:

gunzip linux-brprinter-installer-[version].gz
sudo su
bash linux-brprinter-installer-[version] 'DCP-7065DN'

When asked "Will you specify the DeviceURI?":

USB Users: Choose N (No)
Network Users: Choose Y (Yes) and give DeviceURI (static IP-address)

After installation you'll find DCP-7065DN duplex settings in:

  System Settings -> Printers -> DCP7065DN -> Properties ->

    Printer Options -> Duplex: DuplexTumble / DuplexNoTumble / None

    Job Options -> Common Options -> More -> Sides: one-sided / two-sided-long-edge / two-sided-short-edge.


Click on the System Settings icon (gear & wrench). In there, there's a Printers icon. Click on it. ("One ping only...") That should bring up a window for adding printers. Click on Add, and it should (eventually) bring up a list of Printers that it can find, locally and on the network. If you then select one, you should be on your way.


Force OpenGL software rendering for specific programs

$ LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=1 ./the_program_name

or

$ QT_XCB_FORCE_SOFTWARE_OPENGL=1 ./the_program_name


You should install the package kubuntu-desktop if you want the entire KDE environment. If you only want the looks and will settle for using GNOME applications or what came with kde-standard, install plasma-desktop. Both install the environment you're looking for, but kubuntu-desktop is more thorough and complete. The image below shows what the desktop roughly looks like when first run (minus the windows and KRunner at the top, those you start yourself. :) )

Please not that installing kubuntu-desktop will change your boot logo and shutdown logo to this:

You decide which package you prefer to install.


How to enable password prompt at Kubuntu system loading?

(Or in Ubuntu, maybe they are similar)

No they are not similar. Kubuntu is a derivative of Ubuntu that uses a completely different desktop environment than Ubuntu (vanilla). So the settings are different.

In KDE you have to goto System Settings → Login Screen and UN-tick the "Enable Auto-Login" box of your user(name).

See the following picture.


Problem to acces shared folder in Ubuntu 14.04 from Yosemite using IP address

Try to connect with cifs:// instead of smb://

In OS X this will enable the older version of the smb protocol.


Set specific interface for internet access

It sounds like you're looking for a way to set the default gateway. You can see the current settings by running ip route. You probably want yours to look like something like this:

default via 192.168.0.1 dev eth0 ...
192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 ...
192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1 ...
192.168.2.0/24 dev eth2 ...

These routes are automatically created by NetworkManager. Try checking Edit ▸ IPv4 Settings ▸ Routes ▸ Use this connection only for resources on its network on the two LAN connections to prevent them from becoming the default gateway.

You shouldn't need to work around NetorkManager.


cannot enable wifi in ubuntu 15.10 , device: dell inspiron 5520

Try to type rfkill list if you see your device being soft blocked try to issue sudo rfkill unblock <device id> (or sudo rfkill unblock all to unblock everything).


openSSL 1.1.1 security bug CVE-2020-1971

When a CVE question comes up, your first stop should be Ubuntu's CVE tracker at https://ubuntu.com/security.

Here's what the Ubuntu CVE tracker said about this CVE and this package when I checked:

According to https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2020-1971, this CVE was mitigated in 20.04 in openssl 1.1.1f-1ubuntu2.1, which is already in the Ubuntu repositories (focal-security pocket).

Let's double-check that openssl 1.1.1f-1ubuntu2.1 is available for apt to download and install:
$ apt-cache madison openssl   // 20.04 system, matching the question
openssl | 1.1.1f-1ubuntu2          | focal
openssl | 1.1.1f-1ubuntu2.1        | focal-security  <----- There it is
openssl | 1.1.1f-1ubuntu2.1        | focal-updates   <----- And there, too

For the curious, let's take a look at the Launchpad page for that package to determine the patched 20.04 version's upload date (08 December 2020 / 08.12.2020) :

Check your installed package version using apt list openssl.
$ apt list openssl
Listing... Done
openssl/focal-updates,focal-security, now 1.1.1f-1ubuntu2.1 amd64 [installed]

For most users, Unattended Upgrades has already downloaded and installed many -security upgrades like this automatically and silently. Rapidly rolling out security patches without pestering you is exactly what it is intended for.

Background: There are two ways to handle security updates.

Update to a newer release that incorporates the change. Since most users have no idea how to apply a patch, this is a common recommendation. For unskilled users, this is an easy and reasonably safe method. This will update you to 1.1.1i

Apply the patch to the current version. Since the Ubuntu Security Team engineers DO know how to apply and test patches, this is how Ubuntu security updates work. Ubuntu provides a patched version, not a new version. This will update you from 1.1.1f-1ubuntu2 to 1.1.1f-1ubuntu2.1. Yes, your -v flag will say 1.1.1f, and that's correct. But you are still patched; the vuln can no longer affect you.


WordPress DAP -- postfix recipient address error

There's a lot of ways this could be breaking. It's either a server config issue or a bug in the plugin.

To rule out the server, send a message from the command line using the mail command or similar. If that doesn't work, check your configuration.

On Ubuntu, Postfix is easier to work with than sendmail and usually works out of the box.
If the message sends but you don't receive it, you might be getting blocked by spam filters. To fix this, you need to set up DKIM and SPF authentication, and make sure your server's IP address is not blacklisted. Or, work around all this by configuring the server to relay outgoing messages to an established email sender, such as Mandrill.

It might be the plugin instead of the server. This is more likely if nothing has changed on the server itself lately and if you've updated Wordpress or your plugins. If this is the case, get in touch with the plugin developer. Meanwhile, you may be able to roll back to a working version if you can figure out what exactly was updated that broke things.


How to move /home to its own partition

When you want to move your /home directory to another partition (because your HDD is full), here is a Step-By-Step guide how to do it.

Note: You want to print this page or write it down because you need the commands during the moving of your /home directory! You can't access your browser during this process.

0. If it isn't already, format your HDD as ext4.

1. Determine the size of your home directory by opening a Terminal (CTRL + ALT + T) and entering:

du -sh /home

The result should be something like

34G /home

2. Enter a text console by hitting (CTRL + ALT + F1) and get temporary root permissions:

sudo -s
cd /

3. Mount the destination partition (the external HDD)

Enter fdisk -l into the Terminal to get a list of all partitions. Remember the name of the external HDD. Then execute

mkdir /mnt/tmp
mount /dev/sdXY /mnt/tmp

and replace /dev/sdXY with the name of your external HDD (e.g. /dev/sda5).
This mounts your external HDD.

4. Copy the data from /home/ to the external HDD.

This can be done with:

rsync -avx --progress /home/ /mnt/tmp

5. Test your /home partition:

Execute these commands

mount /dev/sdXY /home

where /dev/sdXY is your external HDD. Now you can test your new /home partition:

du -sh /home; mount|grep /home

The output should be something like

34G    /home
/dev/sda5 on /home type ext4 (rw)

6. Delete your home partition

Now you need to delete the existing home partition. To do this, unmount the home partition and remove it:

umount /home
rm -rf /home/*

7. Enter the new UUID into /etc/fstab

The last step is to enter the UUID of the external HDD into /etc/fstab. This step is very important!

Switch back to your desktop by hitting the keys CTRL + ALT + F7 (or F6, don't know which one is the right one).
Open a Terminal and enter sudo blkid in the Terminal and search for the entry of your external HDD. My entry would be:

/dev/sda5: LABEL="Ubuntu" UUID="bb288354-34a8-4716-9740-96aa9da99dac" TYPE="ext4"

Now open /etc/fstab with a text editor (i.e. gedit):

gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

and add the following entry at the end of the file:

# /dev/sdXY
UUID=YOUR-UUID-HERE  /home   ext4   defaults   0 2

But don't forget to replace YOUR-UUID-HERE with the UUID of the external HDD and /dev/sdXY with the name of your HDD (for example: /dev/sda5).

8. Reboot so that the changes take effect.

Enter sudo reboot in a Terminal. After your PC has rebooted, your home partition should be on the external HDD.

If you have got any problems, feel free to ask in the comments.

I hope this post answered your questions.


Is this drive in 'My Devices' necessary?

I have a 40 GB Volume in My Drives. It has folders like bin, boot, home, sys, root, etc

That is the equivalent to your C: drive in Windows (well not totally true but you get the drift?). Removing is would be deleting the operating system so no, it will not be possible to remove and get extra space.

  Or is it required to be there?

Yes and I would leave it there. It comes it handy if you need to quickly look at themes or fonts. Or to find an executable.


Isn't there a 'PrtSc' button on the keyboard? it works perfectly and plus it lets you choose where you wish to save the pic and rename the pic directly so literally there is no need for a additional software for taking a screenshot.

Hope it helped :)


Is it fully possible to install Ubuntu on a "slave HDD", by using Wubi, I've Windows 7 as primary HDD?

The Wubi aim is to enable existing Windows users, unacquainted with Linux, to try Ubuntu without risking any data loss (due to disk formatting or partitioning mistakes). It can also safely uninstall Ubuntu from within Windows.

Wubi (Windows-based Ubuntu Installer) is an official Windows-based free software installer for Ubuntu, which installs the software on an existing Windows partition, thus without need for partitioning.

Wubi adds an entry to the Windows boot menu which allows the user to run Linux. Ubuntu is installed within a file in the Windows file system (c:\ubuntu\disks\root.disk), as opposed to being installed within its own partition. This file is seen by Linux as a real hard disk. Wubi also creates a swap file in the Windows file system (c:\ubuntu\disks\swap.disk), in addition to the memory of the host machine. This file is seen by Ubuntu as additional RAM.

Limitation of Wubi:

Compared with a regular installation, a Wubi installation faces some limitations. Hibernation is not supported and the filesystem is more vulnerable to hard reboots.[1] Also, if the Windows drive is unmounted uncleanly (Windows crash, power failure, etc.), Ubuntu will not be able to mount the Windows drive and boot until Windows has successfully booted and shut down. If the Windows system cannot be booted after the crash, the user also cannot boot Ubuntu.

Performance related to hard-disk access is also slightly slower, more so if the disk image file is fragmented, on a Wubi install compared to a normal one.

Since Wubi installs root.disk on top of the Windows file system which could technically become corrupted and even prevent Windows from booting, running chkdsk /r (may take a significant amount of time to run) to fix the damaged file system and shutting down Windows cleanly may help.


Problem booting Ubuntu with wubi on windows 10

Looks like you used the UEFI version of wubi, so you won't have an
option to boot Ubuntu automatically.

You have to enter the UEFI boot menu of your PC and chose Ubuntu manually.

This is taken from here:

How To Boot Into Ubuntu

The UEFI version of WUBI installs Ubuntu to the UEFI boot menu which means by
default you won't see it when you boot your computer.

Your computer will instead continue to boot into Windows and it will appear that
nothing has in fact happened.
To boot into Ubuntu restart your computer and press the function key to pull up
your UEFI boot menu.


This can be done in the following way.
Create a new session named "new":
tmux new-session -s new

Kill all sessions except the one you just created:
tmux kill-session -a -t new

However, killing the tmux server and starting a new session is just as good.


Is it possible to create access point on a laptop, which is connected to router with WiFi?

Generally, it is not possible to do this unless you have two wireless cards. For example, you could get a USB receiver for your wifi and then use the built-in WiFi card to create an ad hoc network.

I am not aware of any wireless cards that allow you to create an ad hoc network while connected to another network.

Another option would be to go with a wireless repeater (I've seen them as low as $60 USD) and they work quit well. Just place it towards the end of your network's range and they will rebroadcast the signal.


What are the benefits of six month release cycle?

It's important to fully understand the mentality behind the 6 month release cycle, once you do it makes perfect sense.

There are many benefits to the 6 month release cycle. But in general, these restrictions are in place to serve as a commitment to quality, and to keep the project goal oriented. Now as I was saying about the mentality behind the decisions. As the Ubuntu website says:

  As an analogy, consider a play being produced in a theatre. While things may go wrong during production, even (perhaps especially) on the night, tickets have been sold and there is a very high cost to backing out: "the show must go on".

A roughly 6-month release cycle allows them to coordinate development of the features that have actually been implemented, allowing them to maintain the quality of the overall release without delaying everything because of one or two features. Updates to programs and projects come out constantly, if they kept on waiting to implement features, we would never see a new Ubuntu release. Setting a specific date insures that they plan responsibly.

The 6 month limit was chosen because that is the release cycle the Gnome project uses. Gnome is what Ubuntu is built on, so naturally they follow their release cycle: https://live.gnome.org/ReleasePlanning/TimeBased

You can read all about it on their Wiki, it is a VERY interesting read and helps one understand it all, read HERE.

  Ubuntu releases are challenging because they represent an aggregation of the work of thousands of independent software projects. We feel that a time-based release process enables us to provide our users with the best balance of the latest software, tight integration, and excellent overall quality.  - Ubuntu Wiki

In conclusion, keep in mind that there are projects that are planned to be completed over multiple releases. Not everything is a 6 month affair. Also, if you stick to LTS release, you will get a more solid and bug free experience. A lot of people only use LTS, meaning it's more of a 2 year release cycle. From 8.04 to 10.04, and from 10.04 to 12.04, there were massive differences.


Shotwell will get uninstalled and icon will disappear and the default viewer will revert back to Image Viewer if u had made Shotwell your default image viewer

PS: your config files will still be present , so instead or apt-get remove use apt-get purge command to completely remove Shotwell


How to fix GPG error/BADSIG while running apt-get update?

Type the following in your terminal one by one,

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 2E206FF0

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 17CF995E

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 298C1C9F

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E21DD54D

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 5139BD61

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 9E5DB0C8

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 4631BBEA

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 0624A220

Note:

After running all the above commands you may get few errors, because i have found lot of errors in your result,post the complete output of sudo apt-get update after running all those commands.So that i may help you.


Cooling fan never reaches high speed, even if clearly needed

I just went through this exercise with thermald. First, I should point out that thermald was broken, even in fresh versions of 16.04, as it would not read its configuration file. This has now been fixed, so make sure that you have all of your updates installed.

Also, the page you reference is pretty good, and also contains an example thermal-conf.xml configuration file.

Next, assuming that you've got thermald installed, stop the process, and restart it in --no-daemon mode, and carefully watch the output. It'll give you most of the answers that you need to configure your own thermal-conf.xml file. Watch for cdev (cooling device), etc.

sudo service thermald stop

sudo thermald --no-daemon --loglevel=debug

Here's a copy of my custom thermal-conf.xml file for you to look at:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ThermalConfiguration>
<Platform>
    <Name>Toshiba Laptop</Name>
    <ProductName>*</ProductName>
    <Preference>QUIET</Preference>
    <ThermalSensors>
            <ThermalSensor>
                    <Type>x86_pkg_temp</Type>
                    <Path>/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/</Path>
                    <AsyncCapable>1</AsyncCapable>
            </ThermalSensor>
    </ThermalSensors>
    <ThermalZones>
            <ThermalZone>
                    <Type>cpu package</Type>
                    <TripPoints>
                            <TripPoint>
                                    <SensorType>x86_pkg_temp</SensorType>
                                    <Temperature>59000</Temperature>
                                    <type>passive</type>
                                    <ControlType>PARALLEL</ControlType>
                                    <CoolingDevice>
                                            <index>0</index>
                                            <type>Processor</type>
                                            <influence> 10 </influence>
                                            <SamplingPeriod> 5 </SamplingPeriod>
                                    </CoolingDevice>
                                    <CoolingDevice>
                                            <index>1</index>
                                            <type>Processor</type>
                                            <influence> 10 </influence>
                                            <SamplingPeriod> 5 </SamplingPeriod>
                                    </CoolingDevice>
                                    <CoolingDevice>
                                            <index>2</index>
                                            <type>Processor</type>
                                            <influence> 10 </influence>
                                            <SamplingPeriod> 5 </SamplingPeriod>
                                    </CoolingDevice>
                                    <CoolingDevice>
                                            <index>3</index>
                                            <type>Processor</type>
                                            <influence> 10 </influence>
                                            <SamplingPeriod> 5 </SamplingPeriod>
                                    </CoolingDevice>
                                    <CoolingDevice>
                                            <index>4</index>
                                            <type>intel_powerclamp</type>
                                            <influence> 30 </influence>
                                            <SamplingPeriod> 10 </SamplingPeriod>
                                    </CoolingDevice>
                                    <CoolingDevice>
                                            <index>5</index>
                                            <type>rapl_controller</type>
                                            <influence> 50 </influence>
                                            <SamplingPeriod> 10 </SamplingPeriod>
                                    </CoolingDevice>
                                    <CoolingDevice>
                                            <index>6</index>
                                            <type>intel_pstate</type>
                                            <influence> 40 </influence>
                                            <SamplingPeriod> 10 </SamplingPeriod>
                                    </CoolingDevice>
                                    <CoolingDevice>
                                            <index>7</index>
                                            <type>rapl_controller_dram</type>
                                            <influence> 50 </influence>
                                            <SamplingPeriod> 10 </SamplingPeriod>
                                    </CoolingDevice>
                            </TripPoint>
                    </TripPoints>
            </ThermalZone>
    </ThermalZones>
</Platform>
</ThermalConfiguration>


connect to xbox using Windows Media Center

You can use rygel to run a upnp/dlna server on your computer. I use it, and it works well for streaming music and movies to both my Xbox and PS3.


How do I know if a laptop will work with Ubuntu?

When I bought mine, I simply brought a live CD in the store, and asked to try it on their laptops. I explained them what this is, and that I want to check the compatibility of the different components with Ubuntu. I sometime had to explain what Ubuntu was...... One place told me a flat NO, that I could  not try it. I ran out of the store as fast as I could. At the store where I actually bought my portable (in Dec. 2006), I tested that the display was actually working on the internal monitor, at the full resolution, as advertised on the spec sheet, that the wireless adapter was found, and that I could use the card reader, with a card I brought in. I finally tested the sound itself, which was rather easy to do.

Today, you could bring Linux on a USB disk instead, or even an SD card. Also, in 2010, you should expect every sales rep on the floor to be at least know about Linux. Usually, they should understand that starting it from a CD, especially if this is a branded one, not burned at home, there is no harm that will be done on the machine.

NOTE: The fact that some components are not discovered right at boot from a live CD does not mean that Ubuntu will not support it. Chances are that you will find the proper driver for it.  You will just have some manual setup to do.

You may also want to note the brand names and models from a store and check on the net, with Google. You should usually find either some test cases or message exchange about it that will give you a good idea about the model you are looking for.


How do I find the password that Xubuntu asks me to enter when I seek to update software?


Try running this command:

sudo apt-get install software-center

In the terminal.

Start the terminal with with Ctrl+Alt+T.