mono update - ca-certificates-mono - available 240 looking for 268

Original aim was not to be blocked to do updates of other packages.

Luckily I had installation of aptitude already (perhaps legacy of having another type of problems earlier). Recommendation: have aptitude installed even if you do not need it right now (while you can - that is).

Aptitude hint comes from some other unrelated question here on Ask Ubuntu.

so...

Step1: remove mono

sudo aptitude -f remove mono-runtime

this removes mono (and some related packages)

Step2: update the rest of the system (whatever method you need to employ) in my case I have did some sudo apt-get update some sudo apt-get autoremove and some additional (unrelated) cleanups and upgrades.

Step3: Go back to https://www.mono-project.com/download/stable/ and follow steps to install mono for my version (14.04). Interestingly - no complains - everything went smooth as it has never been a problem before (not even ca-certificates-mono that was causing the problem).


Is it possible to disable the Super+ shortcuts that switch to apps in 12.04?

You can change the unity keybindings using compizconfig-settings-manager. Go to the Ubuntu Unity Plugin and change the "Key to show the launcher" option.

Bear in mind that changing some options with compizconfig-settings-manager can break unity.


newbie questions about ubuntu cloud, maas and storage

I found a diagram that helps with figuring out nodes and charms here. It requires a minimum of 6 nodes.
 Here is a link to MAAS+juju with High Availability

Did you ever solve the question? If so, will you post your solution so others can benefit from your findings.


timedatectl not get update via curl request via cronjobs

You have a long list of file extensions for which you disable caching, but php is not one of them. So when you request time.php the page is cached on NGINX for 15 minutes.
When you add the query string parameters, you are changing the URL, so nginx gets a new copy and caches that too. Each change in the $rnd value will get a fresh copy.
Update from comments (map)
# Cache bypass
map $http_cookie $no_cache {
  default $no_cache_path;
  ~SESS 1;
  ~wordpress_logged_in 1;
}

map $uri $no_cache_path {
  default 0;
  ~*time.php 1;
}

This will bypass cache if the cookie is set, if it isn't it'll check the $no_cache_path map which bypasses time.php


Just run the following to update the boot menu:

sudo update-grub


How can I swap the Z and Y keys on the keyboard?

This how-to should do the trick for system-wide keyboard remap of single keys: FAQ: How to disable/remap a keyboard key in Linux?

And this how-to is about creating your own custom keymaps: Custom Keyboard Layout in Ubuntu (or just Linux :)

It won't allow you to change it quicky using a shortcut. You'll need some scripting to do so, I guess.

However, from the first revision of your question I assumed you wanted to change layouts. You've revised your question, but here is how to change layouts:

From the tags I assume you're running Kubuntu (KDE) 12.04 changing layouts pretty straightforward:

Open 'System Settings'
Open 'Input Devices'
Select 'Keyboard' on the left vertical tab.
Select 'Layouts' on the horizontal tab.
Tick the checkbox 'Configure layouts'.
Add your preferred keyboard layouts by clickin the 'Add' button and filling in the fields in the dialog. Selecting an English (US) layout will result in 'qwerty'. -- Optionally configure a shortcut key to change layouts quickly.
Click apply.

This should cover keyboard layout and behaviour in your user session. For system wide settings including text console, see this question.


The HTTP server listens only on localhost (127.0.0.1), so try

curl http://localhost:8080

If you want the server to listen on all your IPv4 addresses, start the server with 0.0.0.0:8080


How to programmatically determine DPI of images in PDF file?

Main answer
Since I am interested in the same kind of job (though not necessarily to OCR the PDF files, but to convert them to DjVu and then OCR them), I found this question and the responses lacking (since I needed to guess the DPI of the images with the number of pixels and then use the size as output by pdfinfo or other tricks---not to mention that the images inside a PDF may have different densities etc.).
After a lot of research more, I found that you can use pdfimages (from package poppler-utils) like the following:
$ pdfimages -list deptest.pdf
page   num  type   width height color comp bpc  enc interp  object ID x-ppi y-ppi size ratio
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1     0 image     100   100  gray    1   1  image  no         9  0    53    53  169B  14%
   2     1 image     100   100  gray    1   1  ccitt  no   [inline]      53    53  698B  56%

Notice the x-ppi and y-ppi at the listing above. It also lists the format in which the images are stored in the PDF, which is cool (sometimes, it is JBIG2, sometimes JPEG2000 etc.)
Note: The file deptest.pdf used above is available from pdfsizeopt's repository.
The real action
After that, you can simply extract the images with pdfimages itself or use pdftoppm (also from poppler-utils) to render entire pages in many formats that you may like (e.g., tiff, for scanning with tesseract).
You can use something like the following (assuming you have created a directory named imgs where you will put your images):
pdfimages -png Faraway-PRA.pdf imgs/prefix

The files will be created inside the directory imgs with names starting with prefix, as in:
$ ls
prefix-000.png  prefix-047.png  prefix-094.png  prefix-141.png
prefix-001.png  prefix-048.png  prefix-095.png  prefix-142.png
prefix-002.png  prefix-049.png  prefix-096.png  prefix-143.png
prefix-003.png  prefix-050.png  prefix-097.png  prefix-144.png
(...)

You can, then, perform any surgery that you see fit with tools like scantailor or whatever you like.
More direct answer
If you just want to OCR a PDF file, you can use a program that is well-maintained and already packaged, namely ocrmypdf.


How to view chapter wise bookmarks in Okular?

You're looking for the "Contents" tab on the left.


You can use Geany.

sudo apt install geany.

Then after running Geany, from "Tools" menu select "Plugin Manager" and check "Split Window" to enable this plugin.

Then click on "split window" to highlight it and click on "keybindings", Assign a key binding to side by side, then using those keys you get your document side by side.


"The 'grub-efi-amd64-signed' package failed to install into /target/" during installation of Ubuntu 18.04

If after getting this error message, you rebooted your PC and can't boot Ubuntu because of GRUB booting error, you need to reinstall GRUB manually into the EFI system partition (ESP) through chroot. Here's how I did to fix the problem in my case.

Use Live Session

Boot into your LiveUSB (or LiveCD) and select 'Try Ubuntu without installing'. Later, you may need to ensure you can connect to the Internet on your live session.

Chroot

Let's suppose you installed Ubuntu in /dev/sdXY partition, and an already existed ESP is in /dev/sdXZ partition, on the hard drive /dev/sdX.
Open a terminal and execute these commands :

$ sudo mount /dev/sdXY /mnt
$ sudo mount /dev/sdXZ /mnt/efi
$ for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
(Now, if you customized Ubuntu installation by dividing some directories up into different partitions (eg. '/boot', '/opt', etc.), you should mount them too under `/mnt` directory. You may refer to `/mnt/etc/fstab` file to remember what you did on the installed Ubuntu system)
$ sudo chroot /mnt

Reinstall grub2 with the right EFI version

Once you chroot successfully into your installed Ubuntu system, make sure to (re)install the right grub-efi-* package for your PC architecture :

# apt-get install --reinstall grub-efi-x86_64 (the one I used for Intel i5 CPU)

or

# apt-get install --reinstall grub-efi-amd64

or

# apt-get install --reinstall grub-efi-ia32, etc...
You can get the list of available packages with # apt-cache search ^grub-efi

Finally, to install grub2 into your drive:

# grub-install --boot-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=ubuntu-fix --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi
# update-grub

Please note the --target=x86_64-efi can be different depending on your system (eg. i386-pc by default, maybe amd64-efi, etc.). Check # grub-install --help for more info.

Exit chroot, unbind/unmount safely directories & reboot

Exit chroot with Ctrl+D or # exit
Unmount safely and reboot :

$ for i in /sys /proc /dev/pts /dev; do sudo umount /mnt$i; done
$ sudo umount /mnt/efi
(Unmount any other customized partitions, if you had any)
$ sudo umount /mnt
$ sudo reboot

Ubuntu should now boot normally.

References:

How to reinstall GRUB2 EFI?
How can I reinstall GRUB to the EFI partition?


How to set use Ubuntu python after installing conda?

You can define your script's platform of execution through your shebang.

All you have to do is add at the first line of your python file, the full path to your 2.7 python (e.g. "#!/usr/bin/python2").

If that doesn't answers your question, please make further clarification to be provided with a more optimal answer.


How do I make the Super key open the activities overview in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS?

This is related to a recent Gnome issue. Currently using the Super key for the Activities overview works only on the first and fourth keyboard layouts, in Xorg sessions.

As a workaround until this gets fixed, you should set your primary layout as the first one.


The variable assignment is correct, but you have a syntax mistake in your command that uses the variable:

What you need to type instead is:

cp file.txt "${TARGET}/some folder with spaces/file.txt"

cp file.txt "$TARGET/some folder with spaces/file.txt"

Note the two changes:

Double quotes "..." instead of single quotes '...', because double quotes allow bash variable expansion, while single quotes prohibit that and keep the string as it is.
As the variable is directly embedded into the path string and no spaces are before and after its name, we need ${variable} instead of just $variable here. The curled braces tell bash where exactly the variable name ends, otherwise this would not be clear.

The curly braces are not wrong, but also not necessary here in this case, as the next character after the variable name is a /, which is not allowed in the name itself and therefore separates the name from the rest of the string.
Thanks to @heemayl's answer for correcting this!


The two that immediately come to my mind are Glade and Anjuta.


VirtualBox: Disk in WinOS reporting ~1/3 actual space used by dynamically allocated disk

Unfortunatly not lightly.
What you can try is Clone your Windows7 and give it a smaller footprint, then when that works delete the old big one.
It is probably better to do an export appliance from the file menu, then create a new mashine with 50GB disk, and import the windows7 export here.


You can use the command last. Press Ctrl+Alt+T to open a terminal and just run:

last


Your install media is faulty.

Either you had a

bad download (did you verify your ISO, ie. https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-how-to-verify-ubuntu#0 ),

OR

your write to media failed (did you check it post-write? https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/CDIntegrityCheck)

The 'check disc for defects' refers to the install-media, not your hdd/ssd's, and yes some references (eg. wiki) refer to any install media as a CD (even if thumb-drive, magnetic-tape, dvd or actually a CD)


How to determine if every file in a folder (and its subfolders) exists in another folder

You could use tree  to see the visual structure like:

tree folderA
tree folderB

or you could use diff to see what files are different in each subfolders

diff folderA folderB


ftp in ubuntu 12.04 lts to apache2 to edit the webpage

You can change where apache2 reads the files in each site's config file (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled).

In order to help you with the FTP-server we must know which ftp-server you're using.


How can I see a music sheet on Mozilla Firefox under Linux Ubuntu?

Firefox sends a string to the website, identifying your computer OS and browser version. This is called the User Agent. Try installing the Switch User Agent-add on for Firefox. Then, choose a different User Agent (e.g. Firefox for Windows), and things should be OK.


Correct answer is. There is a current bug opened for this located here and it was also present is 12.02 LTS as seen here. The steps listed in the bottom of the bug report by Anders Hall do work for the 14.04 LTS 64-bit (HVM) AMI (ami-d05e75b8 in US-EAST-1):

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo rm /boot/grub/menu.lst
$ sudo update-grub-legacy-ec2 -y
$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -qq --force-yes
$ sudo reboot

Upon reboot the 14.04.2 LTS was upgraded to 14.04.3 LTS and sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade returned 0 new packages.


vbam-wx has unmet dependencies, so can't complete any apt commands

The system tells you that there are some unmet dependencies in your packages tree and offers to correct this by command apt-get -f install.
It's better to do that at first, and at second (if first didn't help) uninstall package vbam-wx, because it wasn't installed properly and most likely it won't work.


How can I export my Tomboy notes into Evernote?

The basic process seems to be export your Tomboy notes to html: Tools > Export

Then use email to send the files into your Evernote account. Instructions for using email to import notes are here in this Evernote support article.

The notes themselves are stored as individual XML files in ~/.local/share/tomboy, so it's possible to convert them to whatever form you need through your own scripts if the Export doesn't provide exactly you what you need.


Change account photo from webcam after installation

Use an application like Cheese Webcam Booth (sudo apt-get install cheese) to take the photo, save and use it.


My wireless has intermittent DNS errors, how do I restart network-manager in 15.04?

The service management system has changed.

Every system management toolset has own utilities.  The utility that you are used to using is one of the ones that come with upstart, which is a trivial shim for initctl restart.  But this is Ubuntu version 15.  You aren't using upstart any more.

You're using systemd, and the service control commands are subcommands of systemctl rather than of initctl.  So services are started with systemctl start, stopped with systemctl stop, enabled with systemctl enable, disabled with systemctl disable, queried with systemctl status, and restarted with systemctl restart.

upstart was already there.

Upstart was already installed on your system.  Otherwise there wouldn't have been its restart program to run in the first place and you wouldn't have even seen its error messages.  It simply wasn't running as the active system management system.

Installing the upstart-sysv package is using a sledgehammer to crack a walnut.  You can switch to upstart on the fly from the GRUB menu.  Doing that in this case wouldn't have got you into the mess that you are in now, where you now want to switch back.  Indeed, switching to upstart at all is using a sledgehammer to crack a walnut, when all that you really needed to do was learn the systemd commands, which aren't that different from the initctl ones.

The Release Notes say that installing that package has removed two others.  So fairly obviously you need to install those two others again.  ☺

killall is yet another sledgehammer.

As the name suggests, it doesn't discriminate, and just kills everything by a particular name.  You don't need this, even with upstart.  Both systemd and upstart track exactly which processes they need to kill in order to restart services, and only those services, because they spawned the processes in the first place.  If you have even halfway-decent service managers on your system, then you should never be approaching things with killall.  Just use the commands that are provided by the service management toolsets.

On similar grounds, sudo NetworkManager is another clanger.  That will start NetworkManager in the wrong execution context.  Again, use the service management toolset's commands for starting dæmons.

Further reading

Lennart Poettering (2013-10-07).  systemctl. systemd manual pages.  freedesktop.org.
James Hunt and Clint Byrum (2014).  "Utilities".  Upstart Cookbook.
Sebastien Bacher (2015-04-24). "Boot and service management". Ubuntu 15 Release Notes.  Canonical.


Why is Ubuntu sticking with Plymouth despite the fact that it doesn't work with proprietary drivers?

Plymouth does work with the proprietary drivers - or at least it should.  You generally won't get the same native resolution bootsplash that you'll get with a kms driver, but the bootsplash should work.  You can even get a higher-resolution bootsplash with answers from this question.  We could conceivably detect that sort of thing by default, but it's fiddly and likely to break.

Regardless of the prettiness of the bootsplash, plymouth is necessary to multiplex the boot messages that happen in parallel during the event-based boot.


How do I setup an LXC guest so that it gets a dhcp address so I can access it on my network?

I've just dealt with this issue myself. Basically you need to setup a bridge and bind your network card and container to it. Here is the article I followed:

http://bj0z.wordpress.com/2011/08/19/howto-build-a-base-lxc-container-in-ubuntu-11-04/

Sounds as if like me, you require the 'bridge' solution rather than the NAT solution.
I also turned off the default LXC bridge setup (which is NAT'ed). To do this just edit the file: /etc/default/lxc and change USE_LXC_BRIDGE="TRUE" to USE_LXC_BRIDGE="FALSE" and reboot.


I'm currently on Ubuntu version 14.04. How can I update not to the newest version but to 16.04?

One of the possible solutions, is mentioned by @WinEunuuchs2Unix through the link. Through this method, I believe that  most of the additional softwares that you have currently installed in you 14.04 version along with the user data can be retained safely, even after the upgrade.

The other way would be, having a fresh installation of Ubuntu 16. To do so,

Visit Ubuntu Downloads Page
Download Ubuntu 16 ISO file.
Use the Startup Disk Creator application in Ubuntu to prepare a Live/Bootable USB. Follow this : Create a bootable USB in Ubuntu , to complete this step.
Once you have the Live USB, then you're good to go. Just boot your machine using the Live USB and follow the onscreen instructions.

NOTE : Just a piece of advice. Keep the installation directory same. As in, the directory which stored your Ubuntu 14 can be used for Ubuntu 16 too. This way, though you might loose a few of your previously installed applications, but still you will have the user data OR the contents of the 'Home' directory.

Enjoy Ubuntu!


Funny colours in desktop after fresh installation of 14.04LTS

I don't know how your system settings got that way, but it appears to me that this is a result of non-standard settings. In the past I have messed with appearance settings and it is definitely possible to changes the colors and the transparency of the top bar, as well as many other things.

One approach would be to got to Settings->Appearance and change the theme you are using.

Another would be to install compizconfig-settings-manager

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

and use the ccsm command to change the appearance of your desktop--but be careful to limiting changes to just colors, fonts, etc.

unity-tweak-tool

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

may be easier and safer.


How to find what sort of device is mounted at a mountpoint?

You can install udisks

  sudo apt-get install udisks

then run:

udisksctl status

It will output the following:
Slimtype DVD, External (HHD) USB DISK 2.0 (or 3.0)....


Bumblebee [ERROR]Cannot access secondary GPU - error: [XORG]

My Machine

MSI GE60 notebook
i5-4200m
gtx765m

My Actions

I had the same problem Failed to initialize the NVIDIA GPU at PCI:1:0:0. Please...
I did Pahos recommendation in the comments of your question, and installed the newer driver nvidia-331 from ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates and in bumblebee.conf changed all nvidia-current to nvidia-331 and kernel driver to nvidia_331.

I have since rebooted and Optirun is working.

Configuration File

# Configuration file for Bumblebee. Values should **not** be put between quotes

## Server options. Any change made in this section will need a server restart
# to take effect.
[bumblebeed]
# The secondary Xorg server DISPLAY number
VirtualDisplay=:8
# Should the unused Xorg server be kept running? Set this to true if waiting
# for X to be ready is too long and don't need power management at all.
KeepUnusedXServer=false
# The name of the Bumbleblee server group name (GID name)
ServerGroup=bumblebee
# Card power state at exit. Set to false if the card shoud be ON when Bumblebee
# server exits.
TurnCardOffAtExit=false
# The default behavior of '-f' option on optirun. If set to "true", '-f' will
# be ignored.
NoEcoModeOverride=false
# The Driver used by Bumblebee server. If this value is not set (or empty),
# auto-detection is performed. The available drivers are nvidia and nouveau
# (See also the driver-specific sections below)
Driver=nvidia
# Directory with a dummy config file to pass as a -configdir to secondary X
XorgConfDir=/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.d

## Client options. Will take effect on the next optirun executed.
[optirun]
# Acceleration/ rendering bridge, possible values are auto, virtualgl and
# primus.
Bridge=auto
# The method used for VirtualGL to transport frames between X servers.
# Possible values are proxy, jpeg, rgb, xv and yuv.
VGLTransport=proxy
# List of paths which are searched for the primus libGL.so.1 when using
# the primus bridge
PrimusLibraryPath=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/primus:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/primus
# Should the program run under optirun even if Bumblebee server or nvidia card
# is not available?
AllowFallbackToIGC=false

# Driver-specific settings are grouped under [driver-NAME]. The sections are
# parsed if the Driver setting in [bumblebeed] is set to NAME (or if auto-
# detection resolves to NAME).
# PMMethod: method to use for saving power by disabling the nvidia card, valid
# values are: auto - automatically detect which PM method to use
#         bbswitch - new in BB 3, recommended if available
#       switcheroo - vga_switcheroo method, use at your own risk
#             none - disable PM completely
# https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/wiki/Comparison-of-PM-methods

## Section with nvidia driver specific options, only parsed if Driver=nvidia
[driver-nvidia]
# Module name to load, defaults to Driver if empty or unset
KernelDriver=nvidia_331
PMMethod=none
# colon-separated path to the nvidia libraries
LibraryPath=/usr/lib/nvidia-331:/usr/lib32/nvidia-331
# comma-separated path of the directory containing nvidia_drv.so and the
# default Xorg modules path
XorgModulePath=/usr/lib/nvidia-331/xorg,/usr/lib/xorg/modules
XorgConfFile=/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia

## Section with nouveau driver specific options, only parsed if Driver=nouveau
[driver-nouveau]
KernelDriver=nouveau
PMMethod=auto
XorgConfFile=/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nouveau


X session lost after some idle time with screen locked

This problem was solved when upgrading to 16.04. Screen has no single glitch either. All works fine. The open-source radeon driver works flawlessly!


Team Viewer Install Stuck Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

In terminal...

sudo dpkg -i path/to/teamviewer_i386.deb

So, if the installer is on your Desktop...

sudo dpkg -i ~/Desktop/teamviewer_i386.deb

In case dpkg indicates missing dependencies, complete the installation by executing the following command:

sudo apt-get install -f

Update #1:

In terminal...

Show me the output of...

dpkg --print-architecture # should say amd64

dpkg --print-foreign-architectures # should say i386

Update #2:

In terminal...

dpkg -l *teamview* | grep ii # observe the name that gets returned

sudo dpkg purge name_that_got_returned_from_above # this will uninstall it

probably...

sudo dpkg purge teamviewer

Download and install https://download.teamviewer.com/download/teamviewer_amd64.deb

Note: This install may fail because "on newer 64-bit DEB-systems with Multiarch-support (Debian 7), teamviewer_linux_x64.deb cannot be installed because the package ia32-libs is not available anymore on these systems".


How do I write sequence of commands that prints the real users,their UID and default shell?

If you read about passwd file, you'll get to know that usually, 7th field contain shells. So, you need to specify that field in cut and remove $ from grep (since $ means line ending). Also, if you need the users whose UID has 4 characters, you can simply use another :.
cut -d: -f1,3,7 /etc/passwd | egrep ':[0-9]{4}:'


How to make a executable blender file into debian(.deb)

To export to a standalone player you enable the "Save as Game Engine Runtime" addon, then File -> Export -> Save as Game Engine Runtime

From 2.72 there is also a new addon that should help creating multiple binaries on one machine.

There isn't much choice with licensing, and you won't get legal advise on stackexchange, you will need to find your own legal counsel. To highlight a point from the wiki page, exporting to a standalone player is considered a derivative work and must be licensed as GPL.


How does the Archive Manager handle temporary files?

The temporary files created by the Archive Manager are found in the ~/.cache folder inside folders prefixed by .fr-. They look something like .fr-rdbA4t/, .fr-zPtx02/ ...etc.


How can I get Summary and Description of Schema using gsettings

It is not possible to do this with gsettings, as the option simply does not exist. There is extensive documentation on gsettings and the internals of the program at the official Gnome site.

However, there is an interesting project at github called gsettings-info that does exactly what you ask. It is a script that queries information about either schemas and/or keys from the gschema information and returns the same data about them that is displayed when you use dconf-editor.

You'll requiere Git and git xsltproc (library that it uses to read the gschema information)

sudo apt install git xsltproc

Obtain the program with:

git clone git://github.com/jmatsuzawa/gsettings-info.git
cd gsettings-info

Now you can run the script

./gsettings-info <command>

You can either run it from the home folder (and occasionally update it by going to the folder and using git pull), or install to the system or place it in your ~/bin folder so it is available by just entering gsettings-info.

If you are running it from the downloaded folder, entering ./gsettings-info help will give all the options, as does the README and the information at the Github page.

You can find much information on both the schemas and keys. Here is an example of how to find data about certain keys. This assumes it is run from the downloaded folder, and so ./ is needed to run the script.

To find out details about the particular keys of the chosen schema, enter:

./gsettings-info desc org.gnome.gnumeric.autocorrect

which returns:

init-caps: Autocorrect initial caps
init-caps-list: Autocorrect initial caps
first-letter: The autocorrect engine does not correct the initial caps for words in this list.
first-letter-list: The autocorrect engine does not correct the first letter for words in this list.
names-of-days: Autocorrect names of days
replace: Autocorrect replace

To show defaults and information for a particular key, use:

./gsettings-info show org.gnome.gnumeric.autocorrect init-caps

which returns:

KEY: init-caps
TYPE: b
SUMMARY: Autocorrect initial caps
DESCRIPTION: Autocorrect initial caps
DEFAULT: true

This seems to be exactly what your are looking for, and is about the only way to show this information on the command-line instead of in dconf-editor.


Quickest way to install a deb only available in an older version of ubuntu?

Try sudo dpkg -i myprogram.deb --force I have not tested whether it will work or not with downgrading packages, but there are more options for dpkg that you can use.


'juju status -e maas --debug' showing connection refused

I solved it by adding rules to iptables

  sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

iptables -A FORWARD -i <interface without internet> -o <interface with internet> -j ACCEPT

iptables -A FORWARD -i <interface with internet> -o <interface without internet> -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o <interface with internet> -j MASQUERADE


The --allow-unauthenticated is a flag that will allow such packages only one time and it will be your command. It will not affect other future APT commands.

If you are worried about an unauthenticated package you have just installed, you may remove it like you would do with any other package.


I think you had done your partitioning wrong.
Please partition your HDD in this way.....

/boot  ext2    500 MB
swap           3000 MB
/      ext4    12000 MB would be fine.
/home  ext4    "Minimum 5000 MB."

And after installing you can create new partition with free space.


Can't resolve a domain in Ubuntu, but can in Windows?

tl;dr: This turned out to be an issue with my /etc/resolv.conf file.

Between LeonidMew's answer and Terrance's comment, I was able to piece this together.  My nslookup for mail was the same as LeonidMew's.  But when I did what Terrance suggested, and tried nslookup in Windows, the Address was pointing to my router at 192.168.0.1. I knew I had seen 127.0.0.53 before when I was Googling around trying to find an answer, and I realized I had seen it in my resolv.conf file.  I edited that file, and changed 127.0.0.53 to 192.169.0.1, and my system was successfully able to find and connect with mail.comcast.net.  Thanks very much for all of your help.


Script for "extracting" subfolders into parent folder

The simplest and cleanest way in my opinion would be to use this command:

find . -type f -exec mv --backup=numbered {} . \; && find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -exec rm -r {} +

find command #1:

.: searches in the current working directory;
-type f: searches for files;
-exec [...]: executes either a command for each result (using {} [...] \;) or a command for all the results (using {} +);
mv --backup=numbered . \;: moves each result in the current working directory, creating a backup of files with the same filename already in the current working directory;

find command #2:

.: searches in the current working directory;
-maxdepth 1: searches only in the first level of the target directory hierarchy;
-type d: searches for directories;
-exec [...]: executes either a command for each result (using {} [...] \;) or a command for all the results (using {} +);
rm -r {} +: deletes each result;

Test on a test directory hierarchy:

user@debian ~/tmp % tree -a
.
├── 1
│   ├── file1
│   ├── file2
│   ├── file3
│   └── .hidden
├── 2
│   ├── file1
│   ├── file2
│   ├── file3
│   └── .hidden
└── 3
    ├── file1
    ├── file2
    ├── file3
    └── .hidden

3 directories, 12 files
user@debian ~/tmp % find . -type f -exec mv --backup=numbered {} . \; && find . -type d -exec rm -r {} +
rm: refusing to remove "." or ".." directory: skipping "."
user@debian ~/tmp % tree -a
.
├── file1
├── file1.~1~
├── file1.~2~
├── file2
├── file2.~1~
├── file2.~2~
├── file3
├── file3.~1~
├── file3.~2~
├── .hidden
├── .hidden.~1~
└── .hidden.~2~

0 directories, 12 files


How to remove/stop desktop component from the server?

Take a look at this post. In particular,the command sudo tasksel remove ubuntu-desktop may be what you're looking for. There are other commands that the above link leads to that give some other options as well.


Automount pendrive like Ubuntu Desktop in Ubuntu Server (15.10)

From the terminal issue the command sudo apt-get install usbmount

Source: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/24731/automounting-usb-sticks-on-debian


I am answering as OP mentioned his question.

@OP as you said , unpack storm release means Its a TAR ( most of the cases ) or RAR archive. so unpack it means

tar -xvf <here_place_your storm location_path>

Then put it it on your PATH as from where you would like to call it.

Then

make the storm script executable. i.e

chmod +x <path_to _your_strom script>


“unable to find a medium containing a live file system” while installing using wubi?

Try a different USB stick, or try your luck re-writing it - this is clearly finding the stick & starting the boot process, but getting read errors part way through.. the medium is in some way corrupted.


Delay during various commands in bash using gnome-terminal

So this is a little extreme but I was able to circumvent the issue by switching to Unity from GNOME3 (which isn't really a problem for me since I actually like Unity). I would still love to understand the underlying problem if anyone has a better answer or a way to debug.

To install Unity I followed the instructions for the accepted answer to this question


Purge what you have installed and update your system.  I have found that a fresh install and a fresh upgrade often needs some updates.

$ sudo apt remove --purge steam
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade
$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
$ sudo apt install steam


Cannot receive updates or finish upgrading after interrupted 12.04 install

You can open a terminal and enter sudo dpkg --configure -a.


When you changed the file-system, GRUB couldn't load into it.
There's your problem right there.
Your going to need to re-install it or find a way to reinitialize the partion with the right file-system without harming the files.


If you successfully installed a 64-bit version, then your CPU is 64-bit.
There is no problem at all.

But a 32-bit version may perform better on old Intel CPUs in some cases. Also it will consume less RAM.

But if everything works well, there is no need to re-install!


Is there a way to avoid the heavy _animation_ when switching between windows? It's too slow for me!

Install the took "GNOME Tweaks" from the Ubuntu Software Center. On the first tab, there is an option to disable animations.

The shadow is defined by the theme, and is rendered if compositing is active. A.f.a.i.k., you cannot disable compositing in Gnome Shell.

Slow or faster animations typically will not depend on the theme. Slow and sluggish animations may be due to issues with the graphical card and driver.

b.t.w., GNOME Tweaks will also allow you to set the Windows focus mode. I would not agree with your statement "Whenever I move my mouse, the window where the mouse is gets the focus. That's the only true way of a good windowing system!". As a heavy keyboard user, I would not like that my mouse would be controlling which window is active. In other words, this is a subjective statement.

You may want to explore other, much more out-of-the-box customizable desktop environments like xfce (Xubuntu) or Mate (Ubuntu Mate).


When using NFS you need to make sure there is UID/GID matching between users, the following artcile might be useful.


Ubuntu 16.04 multiple NIC, bridge - Not getting br0 DNS settings

I encountered this as well with upgrade to 16.04 from 14.04.

I looked on launch pad and found an open bug which I think matches:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/dnsmasq/+bug/1384394

The final workaround seems to be to remove file:

/run/resolvconf/interface/NetworkManager

I cannot confirm the workaround because since finding this thread I have updated with apt-get upgrade and rebooted and the problem is absent for me.

That file

/run/resolvconf/interface/NetworkManager

is also absent now.

I think that this is the solution (for 16.04) and the workaround for 14.04.


After ubuntu upgrade the cursor of the mouse is no more displayed

Sounds like bug # 615938, which is set to expire shortly without more activity.
To provide more info to the bug, in a terminal run:

apport-collect -p xserver-xorg-input-evdev 615938

Also, do add yourself to the bug's "does this affect me" list.


WinUSB confused pendrive with external drive?

Can you help me with this?

I can tell you that you have formatted your external harddrive and copied the installation files of Windows on it. If you boot from it, you can Install Windows on your PC.

Regarding your lost data, some of it may be recoverable with specific software (like Recuva, Stellar Phoenix Data Recovery on Windows).

  And doesn't mount at all on Windows.

That's weird. Probably some error occured. You can get it back by rewriting partition table and formatting it either with GParted on Ubuntu or DISKPART on Windows.


Can I develop a hybrid native/HTML5 app for the Ubuntu Phone?

I'm not sure what you mean with "hybrid" (a C++ app which displays an webapp? distribute app code between C++/QML/javascript? ), but you can use the WebView component to display a webpage/webapp on a qml application. This should work on Ubuntu Phone also.

Take this simple application composed by: "app.qml", "app.html" and "app.js" (yeah I know, this "application" is pretty lame...). This was only tested with qmlviewer, so if you try to run it through an IDE you probably will have to modify something in regard the relative paths used.

app.qml

import QtQuick 1.0
import QtWebKit 1.0

Rectangle {
        width: 800
        height: 600
        WebView {
                url: "app.html"
                anchors.fill: parent
                preferredWidth: 800
                preferredHeight: 600
                smooth: false
                settings.developerExtrasEnabled : true
                settings.javascriptEnabled: true
        }
}

app.html

<!doctype html>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Hi</title>

        Click me!

app.js

var x = document.getElementById("test_me");
x.onclick = function(){
        console.log("Hi there");
        new_elem = document.createElement("h2");
        new_elem.textContent = "Hi there!";
        document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0].appendChild(new_elem);
};

Hope it helps.


Does Blue Microphones Snowball Ice work with Ubuntu 12.04?

It worked in 10.04 OOTB but you need to adjust some settings. Proof. In general this should make it work in newer releases (If not it is a regression and should be considered a bug ;) )

From the link:

  First, plug it into a USB port!

  Edit|Preferences...|Devices|Recording|Device: Blue Snowball :...|Channels: 1(Mono)|OK

  Edit|Preferences...|Recording|Sound Activated Recording|(check the box and set the level to -33db.|OK

  Edit|Preferences...|Quality|Default Sample Format: (select 16-bit)|OK
  (actually, you can do all of these and then press OK)

  Next, you have to raise the audio input level: Click the speaker icon at the upper right of the desktop screen and select Sound Preferences...|Input|(set the button for Blue Snowball). Then move the Input volume: slider to the far right (full volume).

  Now you should be able to record. But before you start, use the Zoom Out to increase the display timescale to beyond the time that you expect to record (so that Audacity does not have to redraw the display and possibly drop some audio samples). Press the red button on Audacity and then play some music (or make some noise!). You should see a plot of your audio. Press the yellow square to stop recording. Then press the green triangle to play it back. This all worked for me. Hope it does for you. It took me awhile to figure out how to set the input volume. That was the only problem I had...

Also install pavucontrol (as said in comments). It has alot more options than the basic sound settings. It saved me some trouble with my HDMI audio on a dual display and I have seen others getting solutions from it after suggesting it.


Take a look at this, this should be what you want

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToRemoveWindows


The file specified by the installer probably does exist. You can open it with gedit for instance :

gedit /usr/share/ati/fglrx-install.log

Then it will tell you what to install. For me (Ubuntu  15, R9 200 series) it was:

apt-get install dh-modaliases.
apt-get install execstack.
apt-get install debhelper.

Then try again the install driver, with sudo


Enable BOTH edge scrolling and two-finger scrolling for touchpad

You can use synclient VertEdgeScroll=1 to enable vertical edge scrolling,

or synclient VertTwoFingerScroll=1 for two finger scrolling.

Just copy/paste a command into a terminal window, and hit Enter.

So to have both just paste:

synclient VertEdgeScroll=1
synclient VertTwoFingerScroll=1


My personal configuration is as follows:

/dev/sda1 (ext4) mounted as / - Size 10GB (4.95 GB free)
/dev/sda2 (ext4) mounted as /home - Size 100GB
/dev/sda3 (swap) - Size 2GB (might be removed later - I never use swap)


How to remove Windows 10 OS completely & install Ubuntu?

Yes it is possible. The Ubuntu installer easily lets you erase Windows and replace it with Ubuntu.

Here is what you have to do :

Backup your data !
All of your data will be wiped with your Windows installation so do not miss this step.

Create a bootable USB Ubuntu installation.
Here is the official guide on Windows and on Ubuntu.
Alternatively you can follow those instructions to create the bootable media.
Boot the Ubuntu installation USB drive and choose Install Ubuntu.
Follow the installation process
At the step Installation Type  select Replace Windows 10 with Ubuntu.


create a .deb Package from scripts or binaries

The tutorial you have linked uses a low level approach for building a package.  Such an approach is not usually recommended and may lead to all sorts of issues when not done carefully.

Creating a .deb for a script is very simple once you understand packaging basics.
In a nutshell:

# Configure your paths and filenames
SOURCEBINPATH=~
SOURCEBIN=myscript.sh
DEBFOLDER=~/somescripts
DEBVERSION=0.1

DEBFOLDERNAME=$DEBFOLDER-$DEBVERSION

# Create your scripts source dir
mkdir $DEBFOLDERNAME

# Copy your script to the source dir
cp $SOURCEBINPATH/$SOURCEBIN $DEBFOLDERNAME
cd $DEBFOLDERNAME

# Create the packaging skeleton (debian/*)
dh_make -s --indep --createorig

# Remove make calls
grep -v makefile debian/rules > debian/rules.new
mv debian/rules.new debian/rules

# debian/install must contain the list of scripts to install
# as well as the target directory
echo $SOURCEBIN usr/bin > debian/install

# Remove the example files
rm debian/*.ex

# Build the package.
# You  will get a lot of warnings and ../somescripts_0.1-1_i386.deb
debuild

Adding more scripts requires them to be copied to the directory and added to the debian/install file -- then just re-run debuild. You should also check and update the  debian/* files as required .

You should read the man pages for: dh_make, dh_install, and debuild


How to take screenshot of a page which is larger than the screen i.e. webpage?

If you just need a photo of the site in its default state, you can do that from the command line using gnome-web-photo without even visiting the site in your browser.
Or if you already use the advanced screenshot tool shutter, the command will automatically be integrated there as well.

Installation:

You need the package gnome-web-photo installed. Get it with the command below:

sudo apt-get install gnome-web-photo

Help overview:

Here are the options that gnome-web-photo supports:

$ gnome-web-photo --help
Usage:
  gnome-web-photo [OPTION...]

Help Options:
  -h, --help                 Show help options
  --help-all                 Show all help options
  --help-gtk                 Show GTK+ Options

Application Options:
  -m, --mode                 Operation mode [photo|thumbnail|print]
  -c, --user-css=CSSFILE     User style sheet to use for the page (default: /usr/share/gnome-web-photo/style.css)
  -d, --delay=D              Delay in seconds to wait after page is loaded, or 0 to disable delay (default: 0)
  -t, --timeout=T            Timeout in seconds to wait to load the page, or 0 to disable timeout (default: 60)
  -f, --force                Force output when timeout expires, even if the page is not fully loaded
  -w, --width=W              Desired width of the web page (default: 1024)
  -s, --thumbnail-size=S     Thumbnail size (default: 256)
  -p, --printer=PRINTER      Print page on PRINTER (default: none, save as PDF)
  --print-background         Print background images and colours (default: false)
  --disable-plugins          Disable embedded plugins in the rendering engine (default: enable plugins)
  --file                     Argument is a file and not a URI
  --display=DISPLAY          X display to use

Usage examples:

To capture e.g. http://askubuntu.com as PNG image, you could type the following command:

gnome-web-photo "http://askubuntu.com" askubuntu.png

Here is the created PNG image: external link to image on imgur.com

If you want a PDF like the print preview you would get from your browser instead of a PNG, use gnome-web-print. It's a shortcut for gnome-web-photo --mode=print:

gnome-web-print "http://askubuntu.com" askubuntu.pdf

It also supports creation of a small thumbnail image in PNG format. gnome-web-thumbnail is again a shortcut for gnome-web-photo --mode=thumbnail:

gnome-web-print "http://askubuntu.com" askubuntu.pdf

Additional notes:

Don't forget the http:// or https:// protocol! Otherwise the command may crash and you'd have to abort it using Ctrl+C.

Note also that it also prints some normally irrelevant output, e.g. the Java version it uses... Just ignore that as long as there are no error messages...


Hotspot created and connected from linux but no internet access on phone

I will tell you a step by step procedure for setting up a hotspot in ubuntu and sharing your Internet with it (with less headache).
First you need to install two packages

sudo apt-get install hostapd bridge-utils

Now edit /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf with (If not present create it)

interface=wlan0
bridge=br0
ssid=YOUR_SSID
hw_mode=g
channel=6
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=YOUR_PASSWORD
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP
macaddr_acl=0

Make it live by Editing /etc/default/hostapd, set the line to be:

DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

Now Bridge the network connections. Open /etc/network/interfaces.
Assuming that eth0 is the internet source of your system. Change the configuration something like this.(Make sure to remove iface wlan0)

#loopback adapter
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
#wired adapter
iface eth0 inet dhcp
#bridge
auto br0
iface br0 inet dhcp
bridge_ports eth0 wlan0

Make hostapd to be run everytime on boot:

sudo update-rc.d hostapd enable

Now reboot..
You can start or stop hostapd with

sudo service hostapd stop

or

sudo service hostapd start

  Note: Booting may take a little time if one/both  of the interface
  fails (eth0 wlan0). For example, if you are using an external usb wifi
  card and removed it while booting, Bridging will fail, hence increase
  in overall booting time.


How to unmount and shrink system's partition size?

Actually when I tried to resize with the Live Key, it crashed and the system's partition got corrupted, in fact the Live Key I used ran into issues so I needed another key, if you got the same issue, here is how I did:

I formatted another working key with a .iso file of Ubuntu (I had on
another computer)
Then I re-installed Ubuntu
(and resized the partitions in the same time), yay!

Really I'm really surprised and it works better than before, I'm not mad at all.


How can I set portable icons in Nautilus?

As you are talking about setting a folder.jpg, I assume that you want a regular image like album artwork image to be set as the folder icon.

You can use cover thumbnailer to set an image as the folder icon. If you want that image to be hidden, then just add period "." before the image name for example: .MusicFolder.jpg

But if you want to achieve the same on different systems then you'll have to install cover thumbnailer on your every machine.


Which character to escape for this to work in ~/.bashrc

Use a function instead; the quoting is simpler:
ios () {
  iostat -xk 2 $(findmnt -T ~ | awk 'END {print $2}')
}


Sending a SMS from KDE Connect in Kubuntu 18.04

I recently wrote an application that can be used to do this, which I call kdecsms.

It solves a problem I have had for a long time which is that there is no tool that can be started by Thunderbird Cardbook that will open a dialog to send SMS messages.

It is written in pyqt5 and is simple to install. You can see it at kdecsms - any comments or suggestions would be appreciated, as would any ideas about how to get it distributed with kdeconnect.


I'm missing a Windows drive - how to recover disk space?

Every partition has its own file system. Windows can use NTFS of FAT, but Linux uses its own ext2, ext3 or ext4. Because Windows can't read ext file system you can't easily access your files on Ubuntu partition when running Windows. On other hand Ubuntu does 'understand' NTFS and FAT so you can mount and access Windows partition when in Ubuntu.

When booting your BIOS searches for boot sector on device you are booting from (hard drive). Every operating system sets up its own boot sector when installed. Newer operating systems check when another boot sector is already in place and then make dual boot. That is simple menu to choose OS from.

So if you can't even boot up Ubuntu, Windows has probably written over your Ubuntu boot sector. There is some useful article for this problem: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootSectorFix


How do I convert audiobooks from mp3 to m4b?

While there is many Windows based programs that can perform this via a GUI from what I can find on Linux or Ubuntu you will have to revert to a command line to achieve it.

You can try the method detailed by aking1012 but as he states I also doubt it will work on ubuntu - but you could try.

I found a step by step guide that details coverting the mp3 to m4b by first converting to a .pcm file then converting it to m4b but this seems a long way to go and requires a lot of disk space.

An easier guide is on Ubuntu Forums which requires ffmpeg, imagemagick and mp3wrap and a script that is downloadable from the link to run.

  mp4tags etc: wget
  http://mp4v2.googlecode.com/files/mp4v2-1.9.1.tar.bz2

tar -xf mp4v2-1.9.1.tar.bz2
cd mp4v2-1.9.1
./configure
make sudo
checkinstall
cd

    Remember to do the following with the script chmod +x
    hjb_book_creation_script.sh and run as ./hjb_book_creation_script.sh

I'm not certain how well it works but may be worth giving it a go.


Firstly, it's important to get familiar with their app database, AppDB, this has a lot of information on how well a program runs in Wine (because there's no guarantee it'll work well) and what tweaks you might need to make to get it to run well.

Secondly, if you find all that too complicated then you might want to try PlayOnLinux which will usually apply all the necessary tweaks and install the best Wine version to (hopefully) get your program working.


How to make Firefox (versions 41+) accept unsigned extensions?

Firefox Developer Edition still has the override switch in about:config. You can install it manually, or from a PPA: How do I install the Firefox Developer Edition?


Bootable USB of Ubuntu 13.04 without the gui?

Sure take a ubuntu minmal installation CD!


Ubuntu16.04 (4.13.16) freeze when shutdown/restart

Problem solved after check output of command dmesg inspired by @Debian_yadav, figure out my firmware bug. Then update my intel-microcode using command sudo apt-get install intel-microcode . It works.


In general, you will need to maintain (install, configure) a continuous integration system. With proper configuration, such system can pull from git(hub) periodically or on every commit, it can build and package the software, and it can push it to a ppa and update the ppa metadata.

There are multiple CI systems, such as:

jenkins - you need to install this on your servers
travis - hosted solution that you can use online
teamcity - there is a free and commercial versions that you need to install on your servers

For jenkins and teamcity, there may be some online providers too, but I have never looked for such.


It sounds like a caching problem to me, depending on the changes you're making. If you're making CSS or JS changes, then, yes, it's probably caching the page. Then, when you go to a different URL, your browser is pulling a "new" page. If you are changing CSS or JS, here's an article from Mozilla about clearing your cache in FF. http://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/how-clear-firefox-cache

If you're making other changes (such as changing the wording or layout), it may be something else. Have you tried to edit and save your HTML file directly from the localhost directory? Or do you edit it, save it elsewhere, then copy it back into your localhost directory?


You said there was a problem during the upgrade? To make sure the upgrade is totally finished I suggest you try:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

Or try to reinstall Ubuntu fonts:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ttf-ubuntu-font-family

You can also try to rebuild the font information files:

sudo fc-cache -f -v

Also if you have a .fonts.conf file in your home directory backup it and delete it or just move it:

mv ~/.fonts.conf ~/fonts.conf.inactive


How can I transfer data with multiple hosts through PSCP

just use

pslurp -h hosts.txt /Desktop/terminal.sh

this command upload files on multiple servers. pslurp is part of pssh package.


"No root file system is defined error" when installing

I've linked you to another answer that describes what causes this problem. If you fix it using those instructions, then you'll be able to do a normal dual boot, as well as Wubi. The same problem is affecting both.

If you run wubi.exe standalone (with no CD in the computer, or ISO) then it will probably work as it doesn't use ubiquity (the Ubuntu installer, which is what is kicking out that error via the parted program). It will have to download a 500MB preinstalled disk-image in that case.

I'm adding this answer only because it's often possible to bypass the error by avoiding ubiquity and parted. But ideally, if you want a proper dual boot you'll investigate the real problem and correct the partitioning problem.


CVE-2016-3710 mitigation in Ubuntu 15.04

If support is ending for it, I would suggest compiling qemu yourself. This way as soon as patches are fixed upstream, you can recompile the newly patched versions and not worry about waiting for maintainers.


F2 rename shortcut stopped working on KDE 5 Plasma desktop

I'm using Kubuntu 16.04 but with a newer version of Plasma: KDE Plasma 5.8.8 (Qt 5.6.1). For this reason, my answer may not apply to you.

Please check via System Settings > Shortcuts that you do have F2 selected for renaming files as shown in the image below. On my system, I can rename files visible on the desktop using F2.


Ubuntu 20.04 installation gave my terminal all squares with 4 characters in them

I managed to solve it by going into Preferences > Compatibility and selected Ambiguous-width characters: Wide. It seems it was set to Narrow.


Package requirements (x11) were not met (set the environment variables)

This is because you don't have the xorg development libraries, a simple:

sudo apt-get install xorg-dev

should fix that error message. I would recommend to use:

sudo apt-get install build-dep mesa

instead, to assure that all dependencies are installed.


I wasn't aware that Ubuntu had a system that allowed choices of operating options. years ago I used to use one, but it seemed to have been removed.
However this still doesn't answer my problem as described above. I am desperate for help


The Ubuntu entry will boot your Ubuntu system.

Advanced options for Ubuntu opens a submenu that allows you to chose which installed kernel version you want to boot and whether to use systemd (available and default since 15.04) or upstart. It also allows you to boot Ubuntu in recovery mode.

The EFI/ubuntu/MokManager.efi entry will boot a MOK Manager tool. MOKs are "Machine Owner Keys" which are used to sign boot loaders. This is needed if you want to enable your UEFI system's "Secure Boot" feature and add new trusted boot loaders. You will probably not need it as average use, it's easier to turn "Secure Boot" off.

System Setup will get you into your UEFI setup. You should be able to achieve the same by pressing a special key like Del or F2 (depending on your UEFI) before GRUB starts.

All other entries will pretty sure boot into Windows equally.

If you want to tidy up your GRUB menu by renaming, deleting or reordering some entries or putting them into submenues, you can do this most easily using a tool called grub-customizer. You can learn how to install and use it here: How do I customize the GRUB 2 menu?


How to fix Ubuntu getting stuck at creating ext4 file partition on LivecCD?

Check your hardware.

  It says my hard disk has a few bad sectors. The Reallocated Sectro Count and the Current Pending Sector Count. Not sure whether that affects my hard drive. I tried the installation again and while copying files, it had an error saying that the hard drive might be faulty and stuff.

Replace the hard drive. It has already failed or it will fail soon. This is very likely to be the cause.

  For the memory test, There was only one failing address.

This also does not sound very good. Memory should not fail, or else you will be suffering from data corruption.


error installing xampp 1.8.1 in ubuntu 12.10

I had the same error message.

Try this link:

http://daksh21ubuntu.blogspot.com/2012/01/how-to-install-xampp-in-ubuntu.html

I downloaded version 1.8.1 from this link:

http://www.apachefriends.org/download.php?xampp-linux-1.8.1.tar.gz

Worked perfect for me.

Good luck.


Installed ATI/AMD proprietary FGLRX driver, but it is not being used by window manager. How do I enable it?

Search for the string "LoadModule" in /var/log/Xorg.0.log. You will have to repeat the search several times until you get to the one that shows your video driver. Whatever shows in this file is the one that is being used.


Kubuntu - can not enter wifi credentials after adding external wifi card

First of all, enp7s0 is likely not the designation of your wireless device. enpxxx is generally reserved for ethernet devices. Find out the correct designation with:

iwconfig

If, as we expect, you find 'No Wireless Extensions' then your external device hasn't claimed a suitable driver. Is your external wireless device a USB device? If so, please edit your question to show the result of the terminal command:

lsusb

Once we have more information, I will expand this answer to show the next steps.

EDIT: Your wireless device, 0bda:b812 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. 802.11ac NIC, uses the driver 88x2bu. With a working internet connection, presumably the ethernet, open a terminal and do:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install dkms build-essential git
git clone https://github.com/cilynx/rtl88x2BU_WiFi_linux_v5.3.1_27678.20180430_COEX20180427-5959
sudo dkms add ./rtl88x2BU_WiFi_linux_v5.3.1_27678.20180430_COEX20180427-5959
sudo dkms install -m rtl88x2bu -v 5.3.1
sudo modprobe 88x2bu

Your wireless should now be working. The KDE GUI, Network Manager, should announce that wireless networks are available, show you a list and offer to connect. After you supply the requested WPA2 password, you should be all set.


apt-offline only install specific packages and don't upgrade/update

According to the man page of apt-offline you have to follow this sequence:

Sequence  1:  The following set of commands, when run in sequence, will
   update a disconnected machine.

          apt-offline set update.sig --update

          (Generate the required data needed to update the  APT  database.
          Should be run on the disconnected machine)

          apt-offline get update.sig --bundle update.zip

          (Download  the  required data needed to update the APT database.
          Should be run on a machine with internet connectivity)

          apt-offline install update.zip

          (Installs the data needed to update the APT database. Should  be
          run on the disconnected machine)

Sequence  2: With successful completion of Sequence 1, the APT database
   on the disconnected machine will be up-to-date. Now, the following  set
   of commands, when run in sequence, will upgrade a disconnected machine.

          apt-offline set upgrade.sig --upgrade

          (Genereate  the  required  data needed to upgrade the upgradable
          packages. Should be run on the disconnected machine)

          apt-offline get upgrade.sig --bundle upgrade.zip

          (Download the required data needed  to  upgrade  the  upgradable
          packages. Should be run on a machine with internet connectivity)

          apt-offline install upgrade.zip

          (Installs  the  data  needed to upgrade the upgradable packages.
          Should be run on the disconnected machine)

After completion of
          Sequence 1 and Sequence 2  in  order,  further  running  apt-get
          upgrade will result in 0 bytes of additional download.


https://www.pulsesecure.net/products/pulse-secure-client/

(you need an account to download)

worked for me pretty well until Ubuntu 16.10, but with 16.10 it it seems to be broken and i can find out why...

But with 12.04 - 16.04 it worked like a charm


How to install Rapidminer Studio on Ubuntu 18.04?

Use openjdk-8. Rapidminer runs on only openjdk 8 so if you have java 11 installed change preferences to openjdk-8.


Dual booting Ubuntu - MBR to GPT problem?

Followed MichaelBay's advice and just reinstalled Windows 10 in UEFI mode, then proceeded to install Ubuntu as described.


How do I rebind the keyboard shortcut to open the menu in Lubuntu 20.04?

In Lubuntu 20.04, pressing the Super_L key, aka the left Meta or Windows key, launches the LXQt menu.

To change that, use Menu > Preferences > LXQt Settings > Shortcut Keys.

In the GUI that opens,

scroll to the item having the description Show/hide main menu. Select that line by left-clicking on it and then click on Modify near the top right.

Click in the box Shortcut box showing Super_L and type your preference. Then OK and close the GUI. You're done.


How do I change the GMail WebApp account?

See if Ubuntu Web Apps is listed here: https://profiles.google.com/connectedaccounts
If it is, remove it.

UPDATE:

Run the command:

dconf-editor

Find 'allowed domains' in com → canonical → unity → webapps

Remove mail.google.com from the entry.

Visit gmail again, using the new account this time, and it'll ask you again to enable it.


Laptop won't get to grub after meddling with kernels

I've solved my own problem by working the magic of Boot Repair. I used the Live CD to automagically reinstall grub, fix my kernel mess. Only thing left to do was after I got to the login screen, reinstall my Nvidia drivers because my desktop was messed up.

I hope this can be of use for people experiencing the same problems.


Note: You may have a defective HDD/SSD

Let's first check/repair your filesystem...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

Then let's check the Disk SMART Data...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start the Disks application
select your HDD/SSD
view the SMART Data window
take screenshot(s) and upload them to your question


There's no explicit concatenation feature, but you could insert a whole document into another, keeping the entire content of both documents:

Just open Document 1,
move the cursor the position where Doc 2 should appear,
Insert ->  File
Select document 2 and hit OK.

Repeat to add more documents.


Ubuntu 20.04: Can't' access to the display option on "Parameters"

Tests:

HDMI cable: do you can test your hdmi cable?
Boot:
halt your pc. plug your hdmi and start for automatically detection
in bios, change the video display by default and change for external, reboot for test your pc.


Breeze icons not working in thunar in list mode

After some trial and error and digging around I found out that my thunar view was zoomed out.
I didn't realize that when zoomed out the icons change appearance drastically.
When I zoomed in a little more the icons reverted back to normal


I don't think you can do that (move the main lens icon from the launcher to the panel) because it's location is (like everything else in the unity desktop environment) hard-coded.


You will need to use the JDK, not the JRE.  This is to include the awt/viz library dependencies for GUIs
You will need to add in the appropriate plugs for visualization (at least X11).
You may need a better wrapper or to alter the included script.

Java's user.home property isn't set properly.
The font config data isn't set properly.

Here is an example of my maven project:
https://github.com/ZenHarbinger/torgo

To build from source, open up an Issue and LaunchPad bug.  I wrote the gradlew plugin, but I am not a gradle user.

EDIT: Added working files

Here's a snap + wrapper that seems to work.
It's really messy as it copies the contents of freeplane twice.
https://gist.github.com/ZenHarbinger/cf3aec2d7c6110ab0a0780b315cadc2f

EDIT 2:
I have submitted an update to the gradle plugin in snapcraft.  It will automatically detect if gradlew exists and also provides the ability to specify the output dir.
Here is freeplane with snapcraft (if you have an updated plugin).
https://github.com/ZenHarbinger/freeplane


I would install the openssh server package if you have a choice apt-get install openssh-server. However if you want to compile from source install openssl first.

Either from source or from the package: apt-get install libssl-dev openssl


It is possible to upload any file type from your phone via the Ubuntu One Android app though at the current stage in its development to do this you will also need to install a file manager app. Most of the available file managers in the Android Market (or Play Store as it likes to be known now!) will work. A couple of free examples are File Manager, and Astro File Manager

After you have installed a file manager launch the Ubuntu One application and press the add button and select the "Add File" option.

You'll get a option box pop-up, from this select the file manager that you have installed and then navigate to the file you wish to upload and select it.


Errors were encountered while processing: freeradius

For some reason, the script /etc/init.d/freeradius is not available in your installation. Since you want to remove the package anyway …

… open the file /var/lib/dpkg/info/freeradius.prerm via

sudo nano /var/lib/dpkg/info/freeradius.prerm

and replace

case "$1" in
  remove)
        if [ -x "`which invoke-rc.d 2>/dev/null`" ]; then
                invoke-rc.d freeradius stop
        else
                /etc/init.d/freeradius stop
        fi

with

case "$1" in
  remove)
        # if [ -x "`which invoke-rc.d 2>/dev/null`" ]; then
        #         invoke-rc.d freeradius stop
        # else
        #         /etc/init.d/freeradius stop
        # fi

Now remove the package again.


no windows 7 entry in grub after installing ubuntu

I have resolved a Grub menu issue (Ubuntu 11.04 + Win7) with a software Grub Customiser.
Good luck.


Google authenticator for Galaxy Nexus with Ubuntu Touch

There is an app called Authenticator in the Store that does just that.


Do you mean how do you return to a "prompt" after opening a GUI from command line? If so then:

Usually when you close the GUI window you'll return to a prompt, if not you can force it to close by pressing ctrl + c from the command line window.

If you want to run the GUI application but continue to use the command prompt you can run the command to launch the GUI application with an '&' after it, for example:

gedit test.txt &

Which will run it in the background.


how can I know which port am I connected to?

On a Terminal (hit Ctrl+Alt+T to open it), you can use tty, who and w commands to find out your own or other logged-in users tty:


Linux ubuntu can load grub after deleting windows 8.1 dual boot see reults.txt below

You removed EFI partition. That's why Ubuntu does not boot.

This can be fixed by creating a 500 MB fat32 partition and installing grub using Boot Repair.


I have never needed any special Ubuntu drivers for using multiple monitors over USB-C.
But beware of portable docks that at first sight appear to support more than one monitor (they have several monitor sockets of different sorts) but in fact only support one monitor. My Dell dock supports multiple monitors without any special drivers, though the dock itself contains software which might need updates, so in a case like this you need to make sure you don't need a Windows program to do the update.


Replace windows8 with ubuntu from dual-boot

login to your windows and backup data. Its wise to backup data on Ubuntu. If anything happens you can recover them.

Then Login to your Ubuntu as usual and open GParted. Delete the Windows partition and let the GParted finish (Power crash will bring disaster so make sure that Power is available). After tha open terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and type sudo update-grub Then Reboot. If all went well, you are on track now we go to final stage

Boot in your Ubuntu DVD/CD/Bootable USB stick and launch GParted. Resize your Ubuntu partitions and wait Gparted to finish. Reboot back to HDD. You are done!


Most routers do not have IPv6 support.  There may be a few coming on the market that do, especially if they are using a xxWRT based O/S.  IPSs are also racing to catch up.  I use OpenWRT on my router to provide IPv6 capabilities including a stateful firewall.  These techniques are equally applicable to Ubuntu on which I run my servers.  I started with a 6to4 tunnel and later upgraded to a 6in4 tunnel using a broker.

Linux (Ubuntu) kernels and utilities have long supported IPv6.  For a while this support was problematic, but the problems seem to have been worked out.  IPv6 is very good at self configuration.  However, auto-configured systems may not be easy to reach by name.  This could be considered appropriate for client systems.

The number of sites supporting IPv6 is small but growing.  I encourage you to explore IPv6.  Be aware that IPv6 can provide you internal systems with Internet routeable addresses.  Protect and firewall your systems accordingly.


If it supports your cloud of choice, rclone can encrypt the files it uploads to the cloud. You can find details on this in the link, but the short version is:

Set up your remote.
Set up an encrypted remote with your "normal" remote as its backing storage.
Use the encrypted remote to store your files.

Going through rclone's interactive setup (rclone config) should make this very easy.

It supports the 3 major OSes and I've never had any problems with speed, but it is a terminal program which may or may not be ideal for you. There are a few GUIs for it, RcloneBrowser comes to mind as a nice-looking cross-platform solution.


Bash shell (Ubuntu) on the command prompt (Windows 8)

No. The feature is Windows 10-only. From the installation guide:

  Prerequisites

  Your PC must be running a 64-bit version of Windows 10 Anniversary Update build 14393 or later

Instead, you can use Cygwin, Msys2, etc.


Why is gconf-editor showing limited keys?

My goal had been to remove the desktop icons for mountable volumes. I had not previously seen such an option under desktop settings. I think because i still had an older version of the xcfe desktop. After updating it to xfce 4.12 in xubuntu 14.04 and re-installing whisker as per NCODE 3/6/2015 - the desktop settings dialog showed a checkbox to not show the mountable volumes on the desktop.

I also first updated xubuntu and at this point I think I had an earlier version than 14.04. The conf-editor does show more entries now - specially under the gnome key - but the original question is now irrelevant - seeing that the conf editor is showing more stuff and I am able to remove the unwanted desktop icons without using that approach.


How to hide or remove ubuntu 12.10 from ubuntu unity login screen

You can use ubuntu-tweak to do this. Install with the following command.

sudo-apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

Open Ubuntu Tweak, then navigate to Tweaks->Login Settings. Click the "Unlock" button at the top of the window (you will need to enter your password). Then you can change both the background and the logo separately, using the settings there.

Source: http://www.ubunturoot.com/2010/08/custimize-login-screen-on-ubuntu-gdm2.html (note that the screenshot of Ubuntu Tweak on that page is from an outdated version of the program)

As for the logo in System Details, this is stored as /usr/share/gnome-control-center/ui/UbuntuLogo.png. I don't personally see much benefit in doing so, and in fact wouldn't recommend it in case it messes up something that may use that file, but presumably you could overwrite this file to replace that logo (At your own risk, and I'd definitely recommend making a backup of the file first)


For what it's worth, I fought this issue for a while before I landed on this as a solution:

sudo apt-get install steam -y

This took care of all of the nasty package issues. Steam started right up.


Minecraft Launcher getting stuck at "Starting Launcher" in Ubuntu

The problem was that I had the wrong JRE, even though it looked like I had the right one.

Installing the Oracle JDK fixed the problem:

See how to here: How can I install Sun/Oracle's proprietary Java JDK 6/7/8 or JRE?


The Unix socket for the snap package of LXD is at

/var/snap/lxd/common/lxd/unix.socket

You have been using the path for the Unix socket of the apt package of LXD.


Replaced Windows 7, but where did my old files go?

To see all your partitions (size, system, etc.) enter sudo fdisk -l in terminal.

If you don't see your D: and/or X: partitions there, then is not much I can do.

If you selected the Erase disk and install Ubuntu option, then all the OS, partitions and files there (C: & D: & X:) are gone.

If you selected the Something else option, then depends of what you did there. Like if installed Ubuntu in the C: partition, then maybe your D: & X: partitions could  be fine.

What I can say is that you have to be very careful when you are preparing your HDD to install a new OS. You have to review twice all the options and actions that you take in the process. Read this article about disk space the is very useful for dual systems. And always remember to create a backup with all your important information!


Run a command as su after every wake from suspend

since this is posted no where on the internet, i hope this helps someone else

to run a command as su after wakeup create whatever.service in etc/systemd/system

[Unit]
Description=Run user script after suspend
After=basic.target suspend.target hibernate.target

[Service]
User=root
Environment=DISPLAY=:0
ExecStart=/home/you/whatever.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=basic.target suspend.target hibernate.target

then in home/you/whatever.sh

#!/bin/bash

your command here

then

sudo chmod +x /home/you/whatever.sh

then run

systemctl daemon-reload

and

sudo systemctl enable whatever.service


While the statement that 14.04 -> 15.04 is not directly possible is of course true, it does not help with the specific case:

Dell's XPS 13 and M3800 cannot be upgraded from 14.04 -> 14.10 either. The reason seems to be that some dpkg.conf files of the factory-installed version have a build exclusive flag: e.g. var/lib/dkms/oem-audio-hda-daily/0.201408221216~ubuntu14.04.1/build/dkms.conf -> BUILD_EXCLUSIVE_KERNEL="^3.13.*"

Update: The follwing works - remove the problematic dkms packages, then reinstall the kernel:

sudo dpkg -P oem-audio-hda-daily-dkms
sudo dpkg -P casper-memdisk
sudo apt-get install -f linux-image-3.19.0-20-generic
sudo update-grub


If you want to upgrade before the official release in April 21st you can open a terminal window and write

sudo update-manager -d

This will upgrade your system

If you wait the official release your ubuntu system will warn you about it and then you can upgrade.


type the following:

sudo service NetworkManager stop

or

sudo systemctl stop NetworkManager


Use Briss
It does a wonderful job at this even though it is not too user-friendly.

Download the archive and extract it somewhere.
Create a briss.sh script file containing the following code in the same folder:

cd ~/path/to/briss
java -Xmx128m -D java.library.path=. -jar briss-0.9.jar

Browse to the folder where you created the script, right-click on the script, click properties, permissions tab, tick Allow executing file as program.

run the script by double-clicking it.


How to save output from command (eg. diff) into a variable

This works:

if diff "./helloworld$x.out" "./output/helloworld$x.out" >/dev/null; then
    echo "Passed $x";
else
    echo "Failed $x";
fi

If you use a variable instead of echo you could drop the else branche: set the variable to false before the if and save 2 lines of code.

If you want to actually put the result into a variable use:

some_var="$(diff "./helloworld$x.out" "./output/helloworld$x.out")"

Including my test to see if it does actually work:

rinzwind@discworld:~$ touch 1
rinzwind@discworld:~$ touch 2
rinzwind@discworld:~$ more test
if diff 1 2 >/dev/null; then
    echo "Passed $x";
else
    echo "Failed $x";
fi
rinzwind@discworld:~$ ./test
Passed

rinzwind@discworld:~$ vi 2
rinzwind@discworld:~$ more 2
2
rinzwind@discworld:~$ ./test
Failed

On the >/dev/null part: >/dev/null 2>&1 will send output to >/dev/null and 2>&1  will send standard errors to the same file (&1 means 'use first parameter') in front of this command (so it also uses /dev/null).

sidenote: sdiff will show a side-by-side diff listings:

sdiff 1 2
1                               1
2                               2
3                               3
4                               4
5                                  5
7                               7
                                  > 8
9                               9
10                              10


Netplan is not working after upgrade to 20.04

I found the issue. My yml-file was missing the way to the gateway.


How To Do Beep in Matlab of Ubuntu 16.04?

Remove Linux kernel changes

sudo rmmod pcspkr # no speakers in laptop
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences audible-bell false # no motherboard beep in Macbooks

Matlab proposals for a snap sound because soundsc of a factor is oscillating so only a few is succeeding

beep off % disable Matlab beep because no motherboard beep

soundsc(230)
soundsc(230)
soundsc(230)
soundsc(230)
soundsc(230)
soundsc(230)

Clearer single snap sound would be great!


Problem with sudo apt-get upgrade on Raspberry Pi 3 b+

When I see "compressed data is corrupt" I am thinking dead sd card or soon to be dead card. Though I could be being pessimistic and it is just file system corruption. If you have another linux system or a computer to boot a live usb/dvd then use the following command in Terminal as root user or with sudo.
fsck -p /dev/mmcblk1p2

If that is the name of your device like it is on my Pi.
root@buster-raspi:~# /sbin/fdisk -l
snip ....
Device         Boot  Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk1p1        2048   614399   612352  299M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk1p2      614400 62333951 61719552 29.4G 83 Linux


Equinox is not available for 11.10, and it will only show up in the PPA for 11.04 and below.

The reason it is not available is because the entire equinox engine would need to be ported to GTK+ 3.x, which is not a trivial matter. It will probably be a while if it ever happens at all.


PATH is an environment variable that will list the directories to search for a command (script or binary).

Running echo $PATH on a terminal will output your current PATH variable.

Usually, the terminal recognizes directories called "bin" in the user home and add it to the PATH (this is done automatically when the ~/.profile script is called by the terminal on invocation).

So what this instruction is telling you to do, is to create a symlink to your program on the ~/bin folder, if that exists (or creating it and including the symlink if it doesn't).

mkdir ~/bin
cd ~/bin
ln -s path/to/your/program programname

Then you can call your program by just typing its name in the terminal.


try ubuntu without istallation on my iMac mid 2011

The file you get from http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop provides both installing and testing. Download Ubuntu 14.04. Then look over here to learn how to create a live usb stick. Also, make sure to enable booting from usb in your bios settings in case it isn't set that way anyway.


You have to move your mouse cursor to the top panel. When hovering the panel a menu will appear, click on history and then choose "Restore previous session".

Alternatively you can use the Ubuntu HUD function.

To use HUD, you need to have a Firefox window selected, then press the ALT key and type "SESSION". Again choose "Restore previous session".

That should be that.


Architecture of a virtual OpenStack deployment (Juju/MAAS) with 1 physical node

I have a similar setup, and let me suggest to your configuration:

Reduce the amount of RAM assigned to MAAS, around 2GB will be enough.
Add another ceph node, this will help you to demonstrate resilience when using ceph and 1 node goes down.
Overcommit in CPU isn't that bad, but you don't want to overcommit in memory, because the system will start swapping and everything will get unusable performance.
Something you don't mention is the disks you have, this is a huge bottleneck for me, I have 2 x 7200 RPMs disks with btrfs (raid0), but it isn't enough while the juju is deploying.
Also you may want to use juju-deployer and tweak the command line you use to deploy, specifically timeout modifiers and '-s' which is a delay between each "juju deploy" call.

I hope this helps.

Felipe,


libMagickWand-6.Q16.so.2: cannot open shared object file

Little disclose before my answer: I happen to know and work with Anthony Tailer and thus I have a little more insight of what as the root cause.

It turns out that this particular built of php wasn't updated when you update the OS and thus was linking to several old libraries that were replaced during the update.

It wasn't updated because it wasn't a package from an repository or anything like that. It was an binary built on his local machine.

In this situation the best approach is to rebuilt php so it can link to the new libraries.


skypeforlinux 8.13.0.2 fails to start on ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Use old package:

sudo apt-get install skypeforlinux=8.11.0.4

Thanks to @Sleeper9 for pointing to official forum.

Update from @Sleeper9: 8.16.0.4 also works.


Check this out: Ubuntu Wiki page about Resolution. I hope this helps.


Does clean install remove non-standard root directories?

No, it will remove only system directories if you will install it on non-formatted drive. More, the /etc/apt/sources.list will be untouched and everything in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ will be removed. Also, /usr/local will be left untouched in this process.

But Clean Install option, AFAIK, actually formats the drive, so your docs and folders on / will be lost.


Connection does not exist with nmcli even if scanned with iwlist

There are three different things:

an WiFi access point in the scan list. As shown by iwlist wlp3s0 scan or nmcli device wifi list
the networking interfaces in your system, like wlp3s0. As shown by ip link show or nmcli device.
the connection profiles configured in NetworkManager, as you see them in nm-connection-editor or nmcli connection show.

nmcli con up $CONN expects a connection. You need to create a connection in NetworkManager in order to activate it. Use nm-connection-editor or nmcli connection add and nmcli connection modify. See man nm-settings for what to configure.

You can also try nmcli device wifi connect $ACCESSPOINT which creates a new connection and activates it in one step.


What command should I use to rm all .png files in a folder and subfolder?

You were very close:

find -type f -iname '*.png' -exec rm {} \;

As edwinksl pointed out, using -delete flag also works:

find -type f -iname '*.png' -delete

In bash shell alone we can do

shopt -s globstar
rm ./**/*.png

This, however, might suffer from Arguments list too long error, if number of files expanded is large, or environment passed to the command is also large. As always, remember to append echo rm ./**/*.png to see what will actually run.


Windows/Ubuntu Dual Machine -- how to increase Windows partition

If you're running both Windows and Linux and you want to increase your Windows partition, by resizing your Ubuntu partition you could use the program gparted to make this change.

Here is the most up to date download for the gparted-live-1.0.0-1-amd64.iso.

The best way to use GParted is from Live media, such as GParted Live burned to a CD or written to a USB flash drive.

When your computer is booted from the hard drive, the operating system has access to the partitions.

To prevent this access and hence enable all supported partition editing actions, boot your computer using GParted Live removable media.

Here is a link for the Gparted Live Manual

Here is the link to the help manual section on Advanced Partition Actions that explains in detail how to perform the resizing of partitions.

When you have finished resizing your Ubuntu partition and prior to you making any changes to your Windows OS, you should create a Recovery Drive in the event something goes wrong. This way you will be able to restore your Windows Operating System.
It's also a good idea to back up your files frequently do to the fact that the recovery drive isn't a system image. It doesn't contain your personal files, settings, or programs.

Here are a few guides to various recovery options.

For Windows 7, see Create a system repair disc.
For Windows 8.1, see Create a USB recovery drive.
For Windows 10, see Recovery options in Windows 10.

If you're running: WINDOWS 10

To create a partition from unpartitioned space follow these steps:

Press the Win + R keys on your keyboard to open the Run dialog box, enter the command diskmgmt.msc, and then press Enter or OK
Select the disk from which you want to make a partition
Right-click the Un-partitioned space in the bottom pane and select New Simple Volume
Enter the size and click next and you are done.

Hope this answers your question.


ufw - ports open although closed by default deny

This is By Design.
When you are testing from your local machine, the system will directly send on the 'interface' the network traffic.
For example, this is my system with LXD containers on a subnet called "InternalDHCP":
2: wlp59s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    inet 172.18.1.0/16 brd 172.18.255.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute wlp59s0
5: InternalDHCP: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    inet 10.73.252.1/24 scope global InternalDHCP
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

If I am sending any traffic to the LXD subnet here of 10.73.252.1 and I don't have any DROP rules in the INPUT chain to block the traffic to that subnet then the routes are obeyed.  The routing table looks like this for these two interfaces:
default via 172.18.0.1 dev wlp59s0 proto dhcp metric 600
10.73.252.0/24 dev InternalDHCP proto kernel scope link src 10.73.252.1
172.18.0.0/16 dev wlp59s0 proto kernel scope link src 172.18.1.0 metric 600

Basically, what this means in plain speech is:

If INPUT and OUTPUT chains do not have any rules dropping traffic to the destination IP address, obey routing rules.
If the destination is in the 172.18.0.0/16 subnet: send directly through wlp59s0 device link
If the destination is 10.73.252.0/24 subnet: send directly through InternalDHCP device link
For all other traffic, route traffic to destination via 172.18.0.1 (router).

So if I am pinging 10.73.252.25 (which is a container on my system running a Debian system image), then because I don't have a rule denying transmission or receiving from that subnet in the OUTPUT and INPUT rulesets in iptables, it takes the packet of the ping and drops it directly on the InternalDHCP device/bridge on my computer, and bypasses all other behavior.
This would be analogous to my pinging 127.0.0.1 (localhost) in that it never leaves the system and in a default ufw setup you will not be forbidden to reach local subnets (whether actually physically on your network/wifi or whether they're virtual and exist solely within your computer) and as such never is blocked.
The UFW DENY INCOMING rule is for packets originating from outside your device's direct network connections in which no permit rules have been added - but what Docker does is it adds UFW rules to allow your device to communicate with the containers without affecting your traffic (transparently!) and that is why you can still reach your internal device (and why when you send PINGs out to other devices you receive messages back - RELATED,ESTABLISHED traffic is permitted under the hood).  (LXD does similar behavior allowing communication with the bridges on my computer as well)


How to login to your ubuntu account automatically in background?

Well, after long search and scratching my head, I found a way to do it.

First head to User Accounts and switch on the "Automatic Login" option. By doing this, you will be automatically logged in at boot, but your account and files will be exposed to anyone near the computer.

Now, open Startup Applications. Click Add and enter details as shown below

under "Command:" field, enter the following (also shown in the screenshot)

dm-tool switch-to-greeter

Now, what it does is, it automatically logs you in and then quickly switches user. Thus you will be logged in in the background.

If you want to start your torrent download automatically then just add your "transmission" or "qbittorrent" command to the Startup Applications as well.


Slack client on 18.04 and it is not updating properly

I removed version 4.0.2 and installed the snap build of 4.2.0 and everything is working great now.  I was not able to root cause the failure of 4.0.2.


Why is my computer reading to me when I am putting in my password?

Orca

Orca is a free, open source, flexible, extensible, and powerful assistive technology for people with visual impairments. Using various combinations of speech synthesis and Braille, Orca helps provide access to applications and toolkits that support the assistive technology service provider interface (AT-SPI), e.g. the GNOME desktop and Unity. The development of Orca has been led by Joanmarie Diggs at Igalia, with contributions from many community members.
from Accessibility

Alt+Super+S is a shortcut to enable/disable Orca.
(Super is either the Windows Key or Command Key depending on your hardware)
If you press that shortcut it should stop the text to speech functionality. You may have pressed that combination together by mistake.


Pip needs to use files in your home directory, owned by the current user, to run, and sudo to run globally, which changes your user to the root user. Sudo's -H flag (mentioned in the error message) will make sudo behave as if you still own your home directory.

TL;DR:

Do sudo -H pip install cx_freeze.


It seems that the problem is that NetworkManager calls dhclient which then constructs /etc/resolv.conf ..

To make DNS lookups look first at the local cache, you need to edit the line:

#prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1;

so that it reads:

prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.53;

I still don't know why I might want to install libnss-resolve. Anyone?


Does the juju charm for postgresql automatically replicates if set up manually?

Yes, it will work.

PostgreSQL replication replicates the entire PostgreSQL cluster, so all databases in the default cluster created by you, juju, and the system ones (template0, template1 and postgres), and all cluster global objects like users & roles.

Replication is not set up for any non-default clusters you create with pg_createcluster or initdb.


How to make ALT+TAB with Gnome-Do's Docky work?

Unfortunately the metacity problem is going no where. Metacity has become mutter, for the most part, and the compiz bug is less of a bug in compiz and more of a bug in the gnome-panel. I don't think you will be able to get a solution to either (any time soon).


Wired Connection Not Working Ubuntu 16.04 Dual boot with windows 10

The same is happening to me. It's the dual boot with Windows 10. First issue was that the installation did not successfully add a windows 10 to the list so I had to did it after the install by hand with update grub2. And than this .. network eno1 (why renamed from eth0?) first grabbing the wrong ip from the switch and I have probed like

disabling ipv6 and then
auto reconfiguring file of interfaces to auto on eno1.. it is still failing. On windows 10 everything works DHCP without problems.


I'm not able to say what process you killed that is responsible for that behaviour, but a simple reboot will just start it normally again.


My first suggestion would be to run, from command line:

sudo apt-get -f install eclipse

Alternative:

This resource may be of help to you. I can confirm the process works on Ubuntu 14.04, as that is what I am using, and it cleanly upgraded my version of Eclipse to Kepler, and should resolve issues with your install. Here is the process, borrowed from the above link:

  Run the below commands in a terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y oracle-jdk7-installer
update-alternatives --display java

  Be sure to check your Java version to make sure it's 1.7 or greater:

java -version

  Download a version of Eclipse from the website. If you don't know what flavor to use, just use the Classic version.
  Unpack the archive that you downloaded:

cd Downloads
tar xvf [the file name you downloaded].tar.gz

  Back up your old Eclipse version (if any):

sudo mv /usr/lib/eclipse /usr/lib/eclipse-old

  Move the version of Eclipse you downloaded to /usr/lib:

sudo mv eclipse /usr/lib

  If this is a fresh install, you'll need to add a link to /usr/bin so you can run Eclipse:

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/eclipse/eclipse /usr/bin/eclipse
sudo chmod a+x /usr/bin/eclipse

Note: using this process, you will have to reinstall any plugins and re-add any update sources from previous build (at least, I did). However, you get a clean install of a newer version, which should resolve your issues. Good luck.


Swapping right shift and delete key using xmodmap

You can use the following commands:

xmodmap -e "keycode 62 = Delete NoSymbol Delete"    #this will make Shift_R key to act as delete
xmodmap -e "keycode 119 = Shift_R NoSymbol Shift_R" #this will make Delete key to act as right shift

To get this change for every session, after you have run the previous commands, create a file called .xmodmap with the new keymaps, using the following command:

xmodmap -pke > .xmodmap

Then, create a file called .xinitrc in your home directory, containing the following line/command:

xmodmap .xmodmap

And finally, make .xinitrc file to be executable:

chmod 755 ~/.xinitrc


Asp core 3.1 drawing image with right-to-left text like arabic problematic

You are missing Complex Text Layout handling.
Something like Pango-HarfBuzz-FreBidi for GTK. I lack knowledge about MS technologies like DotNet and ASP. So I don't know how they call it.


Ubuntu stuck with old monitor's max resolution?

It is most likely your graphics card, depending on the age of your computer the graphics card cannot handle such resolution, or it could just be your monitor, if it is a CRT monitor (a fat square one) then that's most likely the problem, because those types of monitors cannot handle 16:9 ratio resolutions only 4:3 resolutions.

Edit: The screen connection is probably the problem since you have broken it, the connection might just wont take any of the data sent to it.


Choosing boot loader (Ubuntu alsongside Windows 7)

Since sda is MBR(msdos) partitioned, Windows is the old BIOS/MBR boot. And then you want Ubuntu installed in BIOS boot, but have boot loader in same drive as Ubuntu, and keep Windows boot loader on Windows drive.

Only if installing to sdb which is gpt partitioned, you will also need a 1 or 2MB unformatted partition with the bios_grub flag.

Just use Something Else install option and choose correct drive (not partition) on the partitioning screen. Do not use any auto install option as that will install grub to drive seen as sda, overwriting your Windows boot loader.

If no Windows skip those screens, but partitioning screenshot shows combo box at bottom for drive to install grub bootloader, choose sdd if that is drive you are installing into:

How to use manual partitioning during installation?

After install set BIOS to boot from drive you installed Ubuntu, or sdd. But it will show drive by brand/model not sdd.


You can't.  As you say, ICMP is not TCP.

https://www.torproject.org/docs/faq#TransportIPnotTCP


Proxy settings for juju are explained in this question/answer:

juju http-proxy and no_proxy settings


Ubuntu 15.04 jumps into standby after login

Somebody found a solution:

  Problem completely solved by setting "HandleLidSwitch=ignore" in /etc/systemd/logind.conf.
  From here: Ubuntu 15.04 suspends ~30 seconds after resume


How to clean bootable pendrive in Ubuntu?

The easiest way is with dd but you must be careful to specify the device exactly:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX count=1 bs=512

This will erase the partition table / MBR (Master Boot Record) making the pendrive empty and ready for reformatting.

Replace sdX with sdc, sde, etc. matching your pendrive letter revealed by lsblk.

Source


how can I change the name of many files in a folder

If we can safely assume that all your names are unique, I mean that there is only one file whose name contains _P1_A1, only one with _P1_A2 etc, you can do this:

$ awk 'NR>1{print "mv *_P"$2"_"$3$4"* sample"$1}' key.txt
mv *_P1_A1* sample1
mv *_P1_A2* sample2
mv *_P1_A3* sample3

Awk reads its input line by line and splits it into fields on whitespace. So the first field is $1, the second $2 etc. Here, we're processing the keys file and printing the correct mv command by building it from the file's fields.

If you are sure the mv commands printed are correct, you can run them with:

awk 'NR>1{system("mv *_P"$2"_"$3$4"* sample"$1)}' key.txt


Display does not work after preseeded network install

It turns out this was caused by the "splash" parameter being passed to the kernel at boot by GRUB. Editing /etc/default/grab and removing splash from GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT fixed the problem.

I have not yet figured out how to prevent this from happening at install.