How to create a unique user which the ftp server can use as a totally isolated unprivileged user - vsftpd?

I tried to realize exactly that on my raspberry pi some time ago..

I dont remember exactly how I did that and cant find the "source" of my information anymore but it should roughly go in this direction:

Create a user without giving him an own home directory (ftp_user is his name, you can give him a different one):

sudo adduser ftp_user --no-create-home

(Here you should be able to give that user a password)

If you want ftp_user to be able to access a specific folder you need to

mkdir /path/to/specific/folder                    # create a folder
sudo usermod -d /path/to/specific/folder ftp_user # assign to ftp_user

Then you need to give that user the ownership of that folder

sudo chown ftp_user:ftp_user -R /path/to/specific/folder

And In general the rights for that special folder should be like this:

sudo chmod 774 -R /path/to/specific/folder    # You:rwx Group:rwx eveyone else: r--

or

sudo chmod 775 -R /path/to/specific/folder    # You:rwx Group:rwx eveyone else: r-x

In case the folder is in /var/www/.. it may be neccessary to add the user to group www-data or something like that (if I remember correctly there is a www-data group also)

What is the www-data user?

and of course chown that file respectively:

sudo usermod -G www-data ftp_user
sudo chown ftp_user:www-data -R /path/to/specific/folder

Same for your home directory, if you want to share your home folder with that ftp_user you should be able to add ftp_user in your group but then you shouldn't chown your home folder but disallow write executions for group and everyone else..

Be very cautious with the ownership of folders and permissions.


If you have compiled it yourself (as you've said in the comment) using --enable-libtheora during the configuration, then it will be the same thing as what is currently installed on your computer. You can check that by running

sudo apt-cache showpkg libtheora-dev


Which is the best virtual software for running latest windows program

You could install windows in Virtual Box to run those programs.
Virtual Box can be installed from software centre, and is easy to use.


how to change the log level to ERROR for systemd-resolved

This is how I solve it, I created the file:
/etc/systemd/system/systemd-resolved.service.d/override.conf

With contents:
[Service]
LogLevelMax=3


Total Beginner wants remote desktop access to LAMP server

Usually linux servers are configured without GUI. Looks like you already have command line access to your server.

You can try this command to verify if a GUI it's installed.

dpkg-query -W xorg

If a GUI is installed it will show something like this:

xorg    1:7.6+10ubuntu1

If there is no GUI it will output an empty line.

Now, if there is no GUI there the wise solution is to leave it that way and learn to use the command line. If you really need a GUI, you should first check if your provider allows it and that you have enough resources for it. You can install it with:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

Now you can proceed to use any remote access solution. I personally like FreeNX. These questions will help you:

How do I install FreeNX server so that it works correctly?
What is the best way to set up a headless server?

Finally, let me advice you again to learn the command line. It's how a linux server is expected to be administered.


Close the snap store and run these two commands:
sudo rm /var/cache/fontconfig/*

rm ~/.cache/fontconfig/*

That worked for me.


Why do I have to enter my password twice when changing proxy settings?

The reason why is difficult to answer (could be just decision during the design), and it will probably be fixed - per this Brainstorm Idea.

While its not fixed, you can try to prevent to enter password twice if you follow up the instuction from this bug #507095.


How about trying this:

How To Set Up A Wireless Hotspot (Access Point Mode) That Supports
Android In Ubuntu

Once installed simply run:

sudo ap-hotspot start

Also take a look at this tutorial:

Making a WiFi Hotspot / Access Point using Linux & wifi lan card/USB
adapter


There it a package named libsdl2-mixer-2.0-0 in the package repository which should be exactly what you are looking for. You will also need the package libsdl2-mixer-dev in order to compile against the headers of SDL2_mixer.

Note: You didn't specify which version of Ubuntu you are using so I checked on my current system (Ubuntu 14.04 trusty). Older versions of Ubuntu (such as Ubuntu 12.04 precise) do not include these packages. In that case you'll either have to compile from source or upgrade your system.


soft lockup - CPU#X stuck for 23s! every few days on ubuntu 18.04 server

BIOS
Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. A320M-H/A320M-H-CF
You have BIOS F40, dated 06/28/2019.
There's a newer BIOS available, F50, dated 11/28/2019, and can be downloaded here.
Note: Verify that I have the correct web page for your model #.
Note: Have good backups before updating the BIOS.


Shortcut not working in Ubuntu 17.04 gnome

Create a bash script with this command, save it in any place (I suggest /opt). See:

#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ 150%

So you can attach it to a shortcut as you already did:


Unmet dependency while installing cnijfilter-mp550series package

14.04 provides libtiff5 but not libtiff4 (up to saucy 13.10).

To install the 13.10 version, go to the i386 download page and select a mirror to get libtiff4_3.9.7-2ubuntu1_i386.deb.

Now open a Terminal with Ctrl+Alt+t and type in the folder where you downloaded the deb file:

sudo dpkg -i ./libtiff4_3.9.7-2ubuntu1_i386.deb

You can now install your printer drivers:

sudo apt-get install cnijfilter-mp550series


/home automatically ecrypted during multi boot?

Assuming you can't recover your Ubuntu installation, you can use ecryptfs-recover-private to mount your home directory.

First start by making sure that the partition that contains the home directory you want to open is mounted and opened. Then, in a Terminal, run sudo ecryptfs-recover-private /path/to/home/directory. By default, it will be mounted in read-only mode, but you can have it in read-write mode by passing in the flag --rw. Follow the prompts, and your home directory will be mounted in a temporary location.


in terminal (Ctrl+Alt+t) use "lsusb" look for your stick listing,,at end of line in brackets you should see the installed module if not google for linux firmware to support your stick and instructions on installing  ie modprobe use,,  there is a well written trouble-shoot how-to on Ubuntu Forums also

goodluck


Is there a color scheme for Tweetdeck fitting the Radiance theme?

There doesn't appear to be, but if you can edit the colour scheme of the current theme, you can quickly put your own together. You can find the radiance colours by going into System -> Preferences -> Appearance and selecting the Radiance theme (if you're not already running it, and press customize. Select the colours tab from the menu that appears then select the colour you want and a picker will appear with the HEX value of the colour, which you can copy into the appropriate field in Tweetdeck.


/etc/network/interfaces is not used since 18.04 when Ubuntu switched to netplan. You can find netplan configuration under /etc/netplan/

Check the file which is in that directory, you will find your network interfaces there.

If you want netplan to use NetworkManager, edit the file to look like this

# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager

Then apply new config with sudo netplan apply


SSH connection refused and user not in sudoers file

Somehow you managed to mangle your group memberships so that you can't run sudo.  Answers to this question show how to fix that.  Then you can carry on with installing OpenSSH.  Good luck!


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS - How can I use the integrated Intel ALC268 audio device? Or what is a good work-around?

I suggest you to install pavucontrol, it will give you more details to your audio settings. Go to Settings tab and verify what you have. May be audio output is not properly set. Try to switch to another set.


Problem connecting laptop (Ubuntu 14.04) to WiFi network

This happens to me sometimes... It works for me when I do the following

1) Click on your wifi sign at the top right.
2) Click "Connect to hidden network".
3) Enter your network name.
4) Choose the type of wifi security you have set up (Most probably WPA & WPA2 Personal)
5)Enter your password

:)


Cannot find remaining hard drive space after installing in a partition?

The default graphical tool to analyze disk usage in 12.04 is baobab. You can run it from the Dash by searching for "Disk usage...". The utility will scan your entire filesystem of all mounted partitions to give you the available free space:

So in order to view the capacity and usage of your 40 GB Ubuntu partition you just dont mount your NTFS partition (or unmount if if you had mounted it) before you run baobab.

You can further display the disk usage in all directories when choosing "Scan Filesystem", or of your HOME directory only. This will then help to discover directories containing huge amounts of data.

From the command line (terminal) you can issue the following command:

df -a

To get a list of all mounted filesystems with their respective disk usage in 1k blocks and percent.

The reason we do not have such a clear cut disk usage display you may be used to have from Windows is that the Ubuntu file management is very different. For Ubuntu it does not really matter where your data are physically but where they are mounted. See this question for more:

What does it mean to mount something?


Why isn't DockBarX in the official repositories?

Because nobody with the skills to package it for Ubuntu has been motivated to volunteer their time to do so.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/876779


Cannot install Ubuntu (18.04) on ASUS Zenbook UX580GD-BO001T

I found a solution to my problem.
Its simple i installed Ubuntu 18.10.

First, i tried it without installing => the system didn't freeze.
(Sound, WiFi, Touch-pad worked fine)

Then, when i installed it, and after the first reboot the system freezes after login. (nothing at all responds)

I chose to boot on rescue mode and executed this command:

$ sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

Once the installation is concluded, i rebooted the system and we are done.


YouTube-dl - autonumber to distinguish between different playlists mentioned in batch-file?

I actually contacted youtube-dl and they gave me the following solution.

-u <User Name>
-p <Password>
-i
-c
--no-warnings
--console-title
--batch-file='batch-file.txt'
-o 'MyVideos/%(playlist_title)s/%(chapter_number)s - %(chapter)s/%(playlist_index)s-%(title)s.%(ext)s'
-f 'bestvideo[height<=720]+bestaudio/best[height<=720]'

Instead of (autonumber)s, just use (playlist_index)s


How do I expand /dev/sda3 and volume group from the command line?

Each time You are playing with disks You have to go through these stages:

extend/modify storage device (VM disk in Your case)
sometimes there is a need for OS/kernel partition table refresh
(reboot is sure and easy step)
extend/modify partition table of that partition
again, refresh partition table (via blockev or partprobe command
or reboot)
now You cand extend your filesystem and youre done or continue...
in case of LVM or so is now time to use PV, VG and finally LV
resize commands

So You are probably looking for a missed step of:

pvresize/vgextend in the case You have successfully resized the correct partition

And if the partition is still not resized?

Use fdisk (, cfdisk, sfdisk, parted, -gparted-, ..) to resize this partition.
  It will be easy if it is the last one partiton on the disk (neverless the type GPT/MBR).
  I usually delete that one partition and re-create it as bigger.

Try pvdisplay, vgdisplay commands and look what shows $ cat /proc/partitions
If You dont see Your free space here it probably still isnt assigned to the right partition.

PS: If You are not sure always do the BACKUP


PROBLEM : Unicode data corrupted from ascii program

You could try to use iconv to convert the input to the right encoding. Unfortunatelly I cannot give you more precise help, just an example of eventual usage:

html2text myfile.html  |  iconv -f iso-8859-1 -t utf-8 -c > good_output.txt

Ofcourse you have to replace your own  charsets.

Update:

In your case the working solution is to add -utf8 parameter to html2text:

 echo आचार्यपूज्यपादानामिष्टं | html2text -utf8


The package rpcbind is available on the main repository.

You should enable the repository on your sources.list through the command:

sudo apt edit-sources

A sample sources.list (see the manpage for more details):

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main restricted

Save then run the following commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install rpcbind


OEM install converted to regular install. Where are the files?

Let's quickly start with the general purpose of the OEM environment: it allows the creation and customization of a single machine or a small batch of machines at a time. This is (relatively) similar to the Windows concept of audit mode. A typical OEM workflow would look like this:

An OEM boots up a device and installs OEM mode to the device.
The OEM will configure the device, install any applications, load drivers, so on.
After configuration, the OEM will prepare the device to the end-user for shipping. The system will shut down/restart. [I assume this was the step that the user ran, triggering this entire situation.]
If the device is a "gold-master" and is part of a larger batch of devices, the device will be imaged out and cloned to other devices.
A prepared device is shipped to end-users.
The user receives a prepared device, turns it on, and goes through OOBE setup (username, password, etc.).

Most home or small workshops offering Ubuntu installation would use OEM installation on a per-device basis without any imaging.  The end user would receive the device, and on first-boot they'd be prompted to create their account and configure everything.

So, what happens to the oem user when the device is prepared for shipping? Well, when a device is prepared for shipping, it kicks off a number of tasks that delete the OEM user and prepares the environment (uninstalling packages, updating systemd unit files, and so on). All of the scripts for preparation are located in /usr/sbin/oem-config*, and can be viewed here. The user is them dumped back into Ubiquity (the setup screens), where they go through account setup.

The bad news here is that all of these tasks are pretty write-intensive. A lot of the (recently-)freed blocks that was occupied by /home/oem will now be used for the new user's configurations and the changes made by the new system and the OOBE configurations.

With all this being said, you're fighting an uphill battle trying to recover this data. The files lost are (relatively) small, and as such are very easy to get overwritten when the new account is created. Tools like photorec/testdisk and autopsy would likely be your best bets, as you've already tried. If these tools can't recover anything, there likely isn't much more that can be done save for some very expensive and/or very powerful recovery tools that people don't usually have access to.

You did mention the existence of a /home/oem file as well as a folder. This may be causing data recovery tools to get a bit confused - a file can't have subfiles, so any attempts to piece together a file tree will fail at this point. When running a disk recovery tool, be sure to look for any files that are "orphaned" or otherwise don't belong to a specific directory.

I'm going to go back to my recommendation from the comments of using photorec. Instead of focusing on partition- or filesystem-level recovery like testdisk, it tries to pull and recover individual files while disregarding the directory or filesystem structure. This is suboptimal (paths and potentially file names are lost), but having the raw data recovered is better than having nothing recovered. I suspect autopsy has a similar "miscellaneous" output bin, but I'm not familiar enough with the tool to tell you where to look for that.

If photorec can't recover the files themselves, it's likely that they were (mostly) overwritten during the personalization phase initiated by the user. In this case, it might be best to contract the services of a data forensics expert with access to the necessary tools and knowhow to recover data like this.


Why is my webcam not detected on my Dell E6400?

If it is not being detected by lsusb, i suspect it's a hardware issue. I might be wrong, but your webcam might just have become a vegetable.

Another possible issue can be if it's been accidentally switched off via the hardware buttons, if your laptop has a provision for it.


I used to use Kompozer. It's fairly capable but unstable, and it has not been updated since 2010.

http://kompozer.net/

In the end I just started maintaining basic templates and doing everything by hand in a text editor.


I solved the problem by
sudo apt-get remove emacs-snapshot.


Bash script for changing cpu minimal frequency OPERATION NOT PERMITTED

Fixed, cause found in file: /etc/cpufreqd.conf
I rewrote the profile frequency: Performance High, originally there was:

[Profile]
Name = Performance High
Minfreq = 100%
Maxfreq = 100%
Policy = performance
# Exec_post = echo 8> / proc / acpi / sony / brightness
[/ Profile]

After replacing:

[Profile]
Name = Performance High
Minfreq = 0%
Maxfreq = 100%
Policy = performance
# Exec_post = echo 8> / proc / acpi / sony / brightness
[/ Profile]

It is after the problem, parade :)


choose legacy mode on bios and then try boot-repair.


Reference counting on exported DBus objects?

First, it's probably worth unpacking what “observing” means in:

  What sort of mechanisms does DBus provide for reference counting on exported objects, is there a way to know when zero processes are currently "observing" an object?

The only sense in which it makes sense to ask whether something is ‘observing’ a DBus object is whether a client will receive any signals that object raises; there's otherwise no concept of observation, just message passing. Clients do this by calling AddMatch/RemoveMatch on the bus, so you could theoretically reference count on matches. That seems like a method prone to error, though - you'll basically need to reimplement the daemon's match handler in order to be sure you've caught all the ways a client can listen to your signals.

However, if all you're after is cleanup after crashing clients, there is a way - each DBus client gets a unique bus-id (for example, :1.693) allocated it by the daemon. When a client requests a file over your DBus API you can record their bus-id, and then watch the NameOwnerChanged signal of org.freedesktop.DBus. This signal has 3 parts - the bus name (which, in the cases we're interested in, will be the unique bus-id), the the new owner's bus-id, and the old owner's bus-id.

So if you get a NameOwnerChanged signal with name=":1.693", new_owner="", and old_owner=":1.693" you know that the client with bus-id :1.693 has disconnected from the bus, and can remove any objects that client was using.

You'd want to do this in addition to having clients explicitly telling your service when they're done with a file, of course.

Edit:

As for your global question - what should the API be - I'd suggest that this seems complex enough that your DBus objects should not be the primary API. Wrap this up in a python-dmedia-client (and possibly a C libdmedia-client), and handle the ref-counting and complexity there.


CANAN Printer 2520 Drivers and Configuration

go here http://support-asia.canon-asia.com/contents/ASIA/EN/0100550201.html for the Canon driver for your MG2500 series device. Click to download and select to SAVE what will be cnijfilter-mg2500series-4.00-1-deb.tar.gz

1) open a terminal
2) copy each command below; line by line; paste into the terminal; hit the ENTER key after each paste

1) open the terminal by pressing 3 keys: control and alt and t
2) paste by right-clicking at the text prompt in the terminal; select PASTE from the menu that appears

commands are:

cd Downloads
tar -zxvf cnijfilter-mg2500series-4.00-1-deb.tar.gz
cd cnijfilter-mg2500series-4.00-1-deb
./install.sh

and that final command will run the install script; it will ask you questions so watch it; let us know how it goes


It looks like you have too many fields.

The first field is the Windows share name. For you that would be //192.168.2.3/miracle. The second field is the mapped directory on the Linux side. For you it's /media. That gives you an extra field called /miracle before you give the FS type. Maybe there's a space in the share name on the Windows side. If so, use \040 instead of a space. This link basically has all the information that you're looking for.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MountWindowsSharesPermanently

Good luck.


How do you search the Ubuntu Software Center from the Unity Dash?

What you are looking for is unity scope or lens. From my searches online so far I have not found a scope or lens that would allow searching for software.

However, if you are looking for an alternative to Software Center, I recommend you get familiar with lubuntu software center or apt-cache search command in terminal. In the last year and half I've only used apt-cache search some-app-name to search software and apt-get install app-name to install.

If you want something graphical, I've put together a simple script that will allow you to search for software graphically. You can bind this script to a shortcut, such as CtrlAltI

#!/bin/sh
# Author : Serg Kolo
# Date: Wed Jun  3 09:50 2015
# Description: list available packages graphically
# using apt-cache search and zenity

FILE=~/.apt-search.txt
SEARCHTERM="$(zenity --entry --text='Enter key to search' )"

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        apt-cache search "$SEARCHTERM" | nl >  $FILE
        zenity --text-info  --filename=$FILE
fi


The golden rule in regular expressions is: less is more. Always try and find the simplest expression that is sufficient to target your search string. So instead of trying to match the entire line, look for a small, but unique, string:

$ grep -- -c file
create  cifs.spnego *   *       /usr/sbin/cifs.upcall -c %k

I saved your file as file and, as you can see, there is only one case of -c in the file. So all you need is (note the -i.bak, that will create a backup file):

sed -i.bak 's/-c/-t/' /etc/request-key.conf

If you want to be more prudent and make sure you match only your target line without searching first, just change the -c on any lines starting with create cifs.spnego. Note the use of -E for extended regular expressions and using \s+ (1 or more whitespace) instead of trying to write multiple spaces:

sed -Ei.bak 's/^(create\s+cifs\.spnego.*cifs.upcall\s+)-c/\1 -t/' /etc/request-key.conf

Since you don't need to make any changes after the -c, there is no reason to try and match it: less is more.

The reason your attempt failed is because * is a multiplier in regular expressions, it means "0 or more". So when you have cifs.spnego *cifs.upcall, that looks for cifs.spnego, then 0 or more spaces, followed by cifs.upcall. Your line, however, was:

create  cifs.spnego *   *       /usr/sbin/cifs.upcall  -t %k

To match that, you need to match cifs.spnego, then a space, then a *, then more spaces, and another *, then /usr/sbin/ and only then do you have cifs.upcall. To match all of those, you would need (you need \* to match the character *):

/^create  cifs.spnego \*   \*       cifs.upcall/

Or, since less is more, simply:

/^create  cifs.spnego .*cifs.upcall/

The .* means "anything".


How do I determine the uncompressed size of a zip file without decompressing it?

You can do that by using the 'unzip' command with the "list" flag:

unzip -l yourzipfile.zip

That will output a listing of every file in the zip along with its size in bytes, and the final line will be the total decompressed size in bytes.


You don't want to use badblocks.  Modern drives are SMART and are capable of reporting errors and remapping any sectors that are bad to a spare pool.  The drive can only remap sectors when you try to write to them though.  If the disk utility reports that the drive has a few pending reallocations, then you can force them to happen by writing zeros to the whole disk:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda

After that, there should be no more pending sectors.  If the sectors were physically damaged, the count of reallocated sectors will go up.  If the data had simply been scrambled, writing zeros to the media corrected it without the need to reallocate the sector.

If you end up with any sectors that are still pending or offline_uncorrectable, or more than a few reallocated sectors, you need to replace the drive.


Error in dependencies for xchat IRC client

Since XChat IRC is discontinued (the latest version of Ubuntu it support is 14.04), I'd suggest using another IRC software.

For example you can install xchat-gnome (official site).

You can install it using:

Via Synaptic Package Manager
Via apt-get, using:

sudo apt-get install xchat-gnome


Error while installing graphics card drivers ATI Radeon HD 3000

One of the nice things about using AMD for graphics on Linux is that the drivers are already built into the kernel. So there is no reason to download the proprietary AMD drivers from the website. Those are more for workstation use and not really intended for general-purpose computing or gaming.

Please see: AMDGPU-Driver


Where do cancelled downloads go in Ubuntu software center?

Ubuntu software center downloads the packages to /var/cache/apt/archives. As far as I know, if you cancelled the downloads they will be removed automatically but I can not confirm this. If it does not, you can always remove them using the rm -r command.


I figured it out.
First, find out the settings of which device you need to change. This page will help you.
The is was 11 in my case. Then just execute
xinput --set-prop 11 "Synaptics Soft Button Areas" 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

And change 11 to the id of your touchpad. That's it. It works instantly.
Unfortunately, the settings reset when you restart your computer. So put this command into your startup applications.


Regarding transparency feature in Gnome desktop environment in ubuntu 14.04

Which desktop environment are you using?  When you log in, you can select them by clicking the icon to the right of your username.

If I log in under Ubuntu(Default), I can get it transparent.  If I switch to GNOME, I can't.  However, if I log in under GNOME classic,(can't figure out how to open a terminal with that one yet).

Under GNOME flashback, I get intermediate behavior.
It appears that "transparent background" means something different in flashback.  If you move the terminal shell around on the screen, you'll see that the the terminal is transparent to the desktop background.

This is especially obvious if you set your desktop to a wallpaper.  Howeve, the terminal shell still blocks out the icons that you may have put on your desktop, as well as other windows open.

Metacity has the same behavior as flashback.

So, it's possible that if you want a transparent shell, you may be restricted in your desktop background.


I've found Brother printers among the easiest to install under Ubuntu even if one isn't auto-recognized by the system. You can obtain the driver as well as the driver install tool on this page.

Which looks like this:


Need to move files found using grep into a folder

Your grep should be different, it needs:

-l, --files-with-matches, only print files names, not matching lines
-Z, --null, As your xargs reads zero-delimited output due to -0, which is a good idea, you also need to provide zero-delimited output with adding -Z to your grep command.
-F, --fixed-strings, as you have a fixed string instead of a pattern, you should use -F. If not, your "pattern" would also match e.g. vladimirXgorny@enron+com, as . means any character in regex. Also -F will be a lot faster!

It does not need:

-n prints line numbers of matches, but what should xargs do with it?

It should be changed:

Although it works, your command should be changed to mach the format of the Synopsis, so you can be sure that it will work with different versions of grep, too. (compare man grep).

grep [OPTION...] -e PATTERNS ... [FILE...]

Meaning your file (or in your case the path) should be placed after -e ....

So, your full command would read:
grep -rlZFw -e 'vladimir.gorny@enron.com' '/home/steve/Desktop/CEDFOR/arnold-j/sent/'

or you could leave out -e to match the first SYNOPSIS form:
grep -rlZFw 'vladimir.gorny@enron.com' '/home/steve/Desktop/CEDFOR/arnold-j/sent/'

Your xargs looks fine to me, but you should consider adding -r, --no-run-if-empty to avoid errors when grep does not find any matching file.
And for your cp command, it's good habit to append -- to tell cp that no options are following. Otherwise, filenames beginning with - could cause trouble.
xargs -0r cp -t /home/steve/Desktop/CEDFOR/arnold-j/Suspicious/ --

In total:
grep -rlZFw 'vladimir.gorny@enron.com' '/home/steve/Desktop/CEDFOR/arnold-j/sent/' \
| xargs -0r cp -t /home/steve/Desktop/CEDFOR/arnold-j/Suspicious/ --


What is the 'ptrace_scope' workaround for Wine programs and are there any risks?

Short answer: no practical danger yet, but read on for a better way...

What's this ptrace thing anyway?

  this is due to a bug in the Ubuntu kernel that prevents ptrace and WINE playing well together.

No, ptrace protection is a deliberate kernel security measure first introduced around Ubuntu 10.10. It's not a bug, and so isn't going to be "fixed".
In simple terms, the default ptrace_scope value of 1 blocks one process from examining and modifying another process unless the second process (child) was started by the first process (parent).
This can cause problems with some programs under Wine because of the way wineserver provides "Windows Services" to these programs.

What are the risks in setting ptrace_scope to 0?

This restores the old behavior where one process can "trace" another process, even if there is no parent-child relationship.
In theory, a piece of malware can use this to harm you/your computer; e.g. it can attach to Firefox and log all of your URLs/passwords, etc. In practice this is extremely unlikely unless you blindly install binary debs from random sites, etc.
As far as debugging goes, the 0 settings is in fact required for gdb, strace, etc. to attach to non-children unless you run them with elevated privileges (sudo).

What are the problems with the workaround?

The workaround is somewhat problematic because ptrace_scope is a global value, and while it's set to 0, all processes on your system are exempt from the non-child restriction.
If you use the workaround, put it in a simple bash script that enables it, runs your Windows program and then disables (sets to 1) on exit.

DO NOT make ptrace_scope world-writable (666) as the forum post recommends -- that is a huge security risk because now any process can change it at will!

Is there a better solution?

A better solution which is more secure and does not require repetitively modifying ptrace_scope is to grant Wineserver ptrace capabilities.

In a terminal:

sudo apt-get install libcap2-bin
sudo setcap cap_sys_ptrace=eip /usr/bin/wineserver
sudo setcap cap_sys_ptrace=eip /usr/bin/wine-preloader

This exempts the wineserver and wine-preloader binaries from the non-child ptrace restriction, and allows them to ptrace any process.
It only needs to be done once, and is safer because these binaries are usually from a trusted source - the official repositories or the official Wine PPA, so they aren't going to be malware.

If you're using Crossover

Install libcap2:

sudo apt-get install libcap2-bin;

Then, add an exception for Crossover:

sudo setcap cap_sys_ptrace=eip /opt/cxoffice/bin/wineserver;
sudo setcap cap_sys_ptrace=eip /opt/cxoffice/bin/wine-preloader;

Finally, add its libraries to ld.so.conf (or you will get "error while loading shared libraries: libwine.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory"):

echo /opt/cxoffice/lib/ | sudo tee /etc/ld.so.conf.d/crossover.conf
sudo /sbin/ldconfig


The directories, where the gettext message catalogs are usually stored on Ubuntu, are:

/usr/share/locale-langpack/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES

/usr/share/locale/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES


Same problem here.

~$ lspci
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)

Fixed this way. First calculate vesa cvt:

~$ cvt 1280 720
# 1280x720 59.86 Hz (CVT 0.92M9) hsync: 44.77 kHz; pclk: 74.50 MHz
Modeline "1280x720_60.00"   74.50  1280 1344 1472 1664  720 723 728 748 -hsync +vsync

then set xrandr:

~$ xrandr --newmode 1280x720_60.00 74.50 1280 1344 1472 1664 720 723 728 748 -hsync +vsync
~$ xrandr --addmode VGA1 1280x720_60.00


If you're just looking to play Playstation 1 games and do not strictly need PCSX, I really recommend RetroArch. It works flawlessly on my Ubuntu 14.04 LTS with Intel graphics card, and it's basically a breeze to set up. I produced a full guide for it on my blog linked below, but here's the gist of it:

Why RetroArch?

It's geared towards a "just works" philosophy, where you do not need to worry about loading or configuring additional plugins. You can tweak things, but the defaults generally work just fine.

Install RetroArch via PPA

mkdir ~/emu
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libretro/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install retroarch libretro*

Get and configure the BIOSes

You need the files:

scph5500.bin
scph5501.bin
scph5502.bin

If you cannot find all of them, you can also use scph1001.bin and rename it to scph5501.bin, scph1000.bin to scph5500.bin, and scph1002.bin to scph5502.bin.

Drop these bin files in ~/emu, the dir you created earlier.

Launch retroarch from terminal, then press ESC to quit. You have to tweak the .cfg before finally using it.

gedit ~/.config/retroarch/retroarch.cfg

Modify the following lines like so, to point to your ~/emu dir.

system_directory = "~/emu/"
content_directory = "~/emu/"

Save and close the file. Now move ALL BIOS bins, roms, and CUE/ISO files to your ~/emu directory.

ISO vs CUE files

Unfortunately RetroArch/Mednafen cannot open ISO files directly, only CUE file. If you just have the ISO or BIN for the Playstation game, you have to create a CUE sheet for each disc using a simple text editor (Gedit is fine).

Let’s say I have FF7_DISC1.ISO file inside ~/emu, which is Disc 1 of Final Fantasy VII. Navigate to ~/emu, and create a plain text file called FF7_DISC1.CUE. Copy/Paste this to it:

FILE "FF7_DISC1.ISO" BINARY
  TRACK 01 MODE2/2352
    INDEX 01 00:00:00

The filename in between the “quotes” should match exactly your ISO filename, and it should all be in the same directory. What this file does is basically determine where the CD audio tracks begin and end; in the case of Final Fantasy VII there is no CD audio so it’s just 00:00:00. You should be able to do this for most games the same way. But if a game does have CD audio and you want that to work, you will have to find the CUE sheet for the game.

Play

You're ready to play! Launch retroarch --verbose again from the terminal (the --verbose option will output more messages to the console in case there is something you need to fix).

Navigate the menus with arrow keys, X confirms and Z goes back.

Full Guide: http://butlerpc.net/blog/2015/07/guide-to-running-retroarch-playstation-emulator-on-ubuntu-14-04/


How to change the default TTL of TCP/IP packets?

To change the default TTL of TCP/IP packets sent from your Linux computer you can run the following command:

sudo sysctl net.ipv4.ip_default_ttl=129

Or:

echo 129 | sudo tee /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_default_ttl

Or:

sudo bash -c 'echo 129 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_default_ttl'

But you have to run one of those commands whenever the computer boots. To make this setting persistent across reboots you could append the following line to the file /etc/sysctl.conf:

net.ipv4.ip_default_ttl=129


Get another drive >= your SSD in capacity.

Then run sudo dd if="/dev/sdx" of="/dev/sdy" Where x is your SSD's mount point and y is you secondary drive's mount point.

(That could take a loooong time BTW)

Then, once all your data is cloned to the other drive, you can mess around with it, and not worry about corrupting it trying to get your data back. If you corrupt it, just re-dd from your SSD.


How to run the file after transfer using scp command in ubuntu?

scp works with source and destination. If you want to copy a file from another computer than this is the source and the destination is your local computer

scp user@<foreign-computer>:/some-source-dir/file /some-destination-dir/on-your-computer/.

This will copy to your computer. After that you can adjust rights.

If you want to copy a file to another computer then you cant change the rights from your host. You need to login to this other host and change the rights.

Another approach would be to use ansible or salt, but this has to be installed first.


You've got a BIOS/CSM/legacy-mode installation of Windows, but you booted the Ubuntu installer in EFI/UEFI mode. The two modes can be made to coexist, but doing so is tricky. It's generally better to boot the Ubuntu installation medium in BIOS mode. Broadly speaking, this can be done in either of two ways:

Learn to control your boot mode -- Most EFIs provide some means to control whether they boot in BIOS mode or in EFI (native) mode. Unfortunately, details vary greatly from one system to another. In many cases, though, when you access the boot manager that enables you to boot from a CD-R or USB flash drive, you'll see two options for the external medium, one of which includes the string "UEFI" and the other of which does not. Select the "UEFI" option to boot in EFI mode and the other one to boot in BIOS mode.
Prepare a BIOS-only boot medium -- If you prepare the USB flash drive in a way that omits the EFI boot loader, it can't boot in EFI mode. Some tools for preparing bootable USB drives, like Rufus, give you good control over the boot loaders included on the disk. Others don't, although you can usually delete the EFI boot loaders from prepared USB drives. (The key file is EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi for an x86-64 system.) If you're booting from an optical disc, adjusting the boot loaders on it is much more complex.

Note that these two approaches are intertwined; you can't boot to BIOS mode if the boot medium lacks a BIOS-mode boot loader, no matter how hard you try. Thus, if you have trouble controlling the boot mode, you may need to re-examine how you prepared the Ubuntu installation disk, since that method might have omitted the BIOS boot loader. Also, some computers offer such poor boot managers that you may not be able to control their boot modes except by adjusting the boot medium.

If you need more information on this subject, see this page of mine. Note that it's written mainly for people who have EFI-mode Windows installations and who might be accidentally booting the Linux installer in BIOS mode, which is the opposite of your problem; but the basic information is still relevant.

Another way to solve your problem is to convert your BIOS-mode Windows installation into an EFI-mode installation, as described on this blog post. You could then install Ubuntu in EFI mode. In the long run, this may be a cleaner solution than booting both OSes in BIOS mode, for the reasons described on my CSM page; however, this approach will be much harder and riskier in the short term. Thus, it's probably better to stick with a BIOS-mode Ubuntu installation for now unless you have some other compelling reason to make the switch.


SSH Ubuntu 19.10 weird ssh behaviour rejecting key after first login

Verify that the Pi etc/ssh/sshd_config  has PasswordAuthentication yes

If the statement looks like this:

Offending key for IP in /home/fitzPi/.ssh/known_hosts:14

Try commenting # out the 14th line in the file or delete it completely

sed -i '14d' ~/.ssh/known_hosts

Now reboot or sudo service ssh restart check here sudo tail -f /var/log/auth.log before trying to setup keys again.


Desktop doesn't load due to intel_agp errors

If you search for that error message on the internet, you find the following entry on the ubuntu forums.  It seems this is a reported bug (#665097) and there exists a work-around by blacklisting the intel_ips module, the procedure for which is also provided there in post #7.  I hope this can also solve your problems.

For blacklisting, boot into recovery mode as root, then:

edit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
add the line blacklist intel_ips
reboot


How to automount partition at startup or login?

I solved it by saving the command into a file and registering that file in the startup applications window.


How to convert an iso file to img format in linux?

Actually there isn't any difference between iso's and img's apart the extension. Look at  this link.

So you have to just change the extension.


Can no longer dual boot ubuntu 16.04 after Windows 10 Update

Looks like your master boot record is busted, i would suggest rebuilding the grub config using a usb boot image, read instructions here https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows


Improve GUI appearance of Wine applications

The solution below is to be considered in the context of the progress made by playonlinux - which now is very much able to provide out of the box, at least for the programs considered when this answer was first posted, like foobar2000, the needed tweaks for best GUI appearance of Wine applications.

If you don't like Playonlinux and only use Wine directly feel free to comment and/or edit this answer on Wine-only issues.

Considering GTK theming in Wine: see last part of this answer.

The most important improvement concerning fonts is to enable font smoothing - save script below as winefontssmoothing_en.sh and run in Terminal using command bash winefontssmoothing_en.sh:

#!/bin/sh
# Quick and dirty script for configuring wine font smoothing
#
# Author: Igor Tarasov <tarasov.igor@gmail.com>

WINE=${WINE:-wine}
WINEPREFIX=${WINEPREFIX:-$HOME/.wine}
DIALOG=whiptail

if [ ! -x "`which "$WINE"`" ]
then
    echo "Wine was not found. Is it really installed? ($WINE)"
    exit 1
fi

if [ ! -x "`which "$DIALOG"`" ]
then
    DIALOG=dialog
fi

TMPFILE=`mktemp` || exit 1

$DIALOG --menu \
    "Please select font smoothing mode for wine programs:" 13 51\
    4\
        1 "Smoothing disabled"\
        2 "Grayscale smoothing"\
        3 "Subpixel smoothing (ClearType) RGB"\
        4 "Subpixel smoothing (ClearType) BGR" 2> $TMPFILE

STATUS=$?
ANSWER=`cat $TMPFILE`

if [ $STATUS != 0 ]
then
    rm -f $TMPFILE
    exit 1
fi

MODE=0 # 0 = disabled; 2 = enabled
TYPE=0 # 1 = regular;  2 = subpixel
ORIENTATION=1 # 0 = BGR; 1 = RGB

case $ANSWER in
    1) # disable
        ;;
    2) # enable
        MODE=2
        TYPE=1
        ;;
    3) # enable cleartype rgb
        MODE=2
        TYPE=2
        ;;
    4) # enable cleartype bgr
        MODE=2
        TYPE=2
        ORIENTATION=0
        ;;
    *)
        rm -f $TMPFILE
        echo Unexpected option: $ANSWER
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

echo "REGEDIT4

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop]
\"FontSmoothing\"=\"$MODE\"
\"FontSmoothingOrientation\"=dword:0000000$ORIENTATION
\"FontSmoothingType\"=dword:0000000$TYPE
\"FontSmoothingGamma\"=dword:00000578" > $TMPFILE

echo -n "Updating configuration... "

$WINE regedit $TMPFILE 2> /dev/null

rm -f $TMPFILE

echo ok

select third option in terminal - with the arrows, then use tab key to select ok and 'enter'

(source here)

For a better system appearance install a windows msstyle file in winecfg (Wine/Configure Wine/Desktop Integration) like "Luna", or "Royale".

Increase the screen resolution in winecfg (Wine/Configure Wine/Graphics), which will make general details (including fonts) larger (if that's what you need: on my laptop appearance details of wine programs are too small by default)

But the images above are taken after enabling font smoothing. That is the most important action, as I was able to test. As I had to reinstall Wine at some point, I also had to restart all  procedures here. Using all the other solutions (including installing all fonts as suggested in Shauna's answer - which is very advisable, and to be considered as a part of the solution to this question) -- with the exception of font smoothing, Foobar2000 looked like so:

After font smoothing:

Important: Changing settings in winecfg may reset font smoothing, so it is better to run that in the end, or re-enable it when fonts seem ugly.

Considering GTK theming in Wine

(mentioned by this more recent answer), the results may vary depending on the Linux desktop and the different applications. The GTK theming in Wine seems a matter of preference as it is debatable whether a GTK theme on a Windows program looks better than a Windows-theming.

Example for Foobar2000:

In Ubuntu:

In elementaryOS:

Not much improvement compared to msstyle Luna by default in Playonlinux:

In Playonlinux GTK theming seems absent even with the latest Wine-staging version available, as adding a Wine-staging version to a virtual drive in Playonlinux , the "Staging" tab appears in Wine configuration for that drive, but "Enable GTK Theming" is grayed-out.

That is because what is needed is not any staging version of wine, but the winehq-stagingpackage, which cannot be installed in Playonlinux.

UPDATE: I see that in later versions of Playonlinux, at the date of this edit (Nov.2018) the staging versions of wine in Playonlinux do not display at all the greyed-out gtk option mentioned above.


Dell Inspiron 1150 - Ubuntu Linux 14.04 LTS Trusty Tahr

I have a similarish old Inspiron which works fine. However, you may want to consider Lubuntu instead: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Lubuntu

I'm not sure what graphics your Inspiron has, but with a relatively low amount of memory and a slowish graphics (I'm guessing), the "lightweight" version of Ubuntu would probably be more responsive for you.


Two sets of titlebar buttons, where are they coming from?

This question might help you.

Your current button layout appears to be "close,minimize,maximize:minimize,maximize".

To get the default itlebar button layout for GNOME you could try the Terminal command below:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences button-layout ":close"


How to make telegram snap use home folder by default

Telegram has an option to set where downloads go. Open settings and under "Don't ask download path for each file", next to "Download path:" there is a link titled "default folder". Click that.

In the following popup titled "Choose download path". Select "Custom folder, cleared only manually", then select your /home/user/Downloads folder from the next file selection dialog, then click 'Save'.


Uninstall an specific version of PostgreSQL

The version 9.1.1 of PostgerSQL is located in the package postgresql-9.1. So you should remove this package:

sudo apt-get purge postgresql-9.1

The second part of your question is already answered here: How do I downgrade PostgreSQL?


go to http://www.fastandeasyhacking.com/download and get the tgz file
extract it (tar -xf armitage150813.tgz) and open up the armitage folder you just downloaded.
now head over to /usr/share/armitage and replace all the contents in that folder with the new contents you just downloaded.
reboot for good measure

That should fix it.


iPhone 4S won't mount on my laptop running Ubuntu 12.04?

You can use ifuse to mount your iphone in ubuntu.

Install it bu typing following command in terminal :sudo apt-get install ifuse

It is a FUSE filesystem driver which uses libiphone to connect to iPhone
and iPod Touch devices without needing to "jailbreak" them.


Computer will not restart on it's own after install of 14.10

This is my personal experience. You should NOT remove your DVD/Live USB as soon as the installation is complete. You should have your installation medium while rebooting. After the computer shuts down, you can remove your installation medium. This may sound illogical but this is a possible solution to your problem.

Do a fresh install again and it'll be fine.


There's nothing special to it. Upgrading works the same for any version of Ubuntu, updated packages get downloaded and replaces the old ones that were installed. Just that. You can even after upgrade install more packages and there will not be any issue.


Ok, Finally after building the kernel for several times, I've found that this problem could sometimes happen if you use the below command for making the .config file:

make defconfig

Note that this oftentimes would happen if you are using a tool like VMWare Workstation. The reason for this relates to hardware enablement, as far as I'm concerned. I suggest using virtual box instead, as this just was another way i could solve this!

Anyway, the proper way to fix this is to make the .config file using the below command:

yes '' | make oldconfig

you can then use:

make menuconfig

using command above, you can customize .config file.

Hope this would help anyone who is building the kernel and facing the same problem in the future.


Why does Update Manager give me a 404 error with these Google repositories?

It looks like you (or a piece of Google software) added a Google repository that is no longer valid. This shouldn't prevent you from updating the rest of the system.


Install Gecko and Photoshop on Ubuntu 14.04LTS

PlayOnLinux supports Adobe Photoshop cs6.

Install PlayOnLinux like so:

wget -q "http://deb.playonlinux.com/public.gpg" -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo wget http://deb.playonlinux.com/playonlinux_trusty.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/playonlinux.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install playonlinux

After the POL installation has finished, click on install and, search for Adobe Photoshop cs6, click install, and follow the setup wizard.

From the Adobe PhotoShop cs6 support page:

  NOTE: This application does NOT work on Intel graphics (at least not
  that I have seen). Nvidia and AMD graphics should be used.


How to assign a static ip address before eth link running in ubuntu 18.04 LTS?

Here's a minimal .yaml file for your configuration... this assumes that 10.66.0.2 is an available static address on your network, and that 10.66.0.1 is the proper gateway...

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eno1:
      dhcp4: true
    enp4s0f0:
      addresses: [10.66.0.2/24]
      gateway4: 10.66.0.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]
      optional: true # may or may not be desired, to stop 2 minute boot delay

sudo netplan --debug generate # generate config files

sudo netplan apply # apply configuration

reboot # reboot and verify operation


You can set that user's password with sudo: sudo passwd ubuntu should do the trick. (Assuming you have access to sudo as I think fish needs root access to install.)


Why are these hints (tooltips) missing the bottom?

I'm seeing on a fresh install of 16.04.3 64bit on a Sony Vaio E Series.

High contrast theme does not exhibit this fault.  Affects Radiance and Ambiance themes.

Not an issue on a lenovo think pad T410.


Installing/Configuring Zend Debugger for Eclipse PDT

Zend Debugger installed from separate bundle not working with PHP5.6. Problem in Zend opcache module. Seems they loaded in incorrect order.

Disabling zend opcache makes the solutions. Debugger work fine. But it possible to make work both this way:

Comment out it in config: (cli version seems to be symlink as also disabled)

lenya@JabbaDesktop:~$ sudo nano /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/10-opcache.ini

; configuration for php opcache module
; priority=10
; zend_extension=opcache.so

At bottom of /etc/php/5.6/apache2/php.ini:

[Zend]
zend_extension="/usr/lib/php/20131226/opcache.so"
zend_extension="/usr/lib/php/20131226/ZendDebugger.so"
zend_debugger.allow_hosts=127.0.0.0/8,192.168.0.0/16
zend_debugger.expose_remotely=1
zend_debugger.connector_port=10137

First two lines(.so) should be exactly in this order.
Installing debugger "how to" easy to find in google. No one mention above problem.


I compiled herbstluftwm via its git repo but I can't see it in lightdm?

I did it with person from wm's IRC helps.
Install wm from apt, do thing that I said above. after those thing, you must do move herbstluftwm and herbstclient to /usr/bin. Restart when you done those things.


Juniper VPN service not working - shows error 98

Some other program is probably using port 424 as mentioned here

Crashplan is one such program that uses that port.

To find out the program using port you can use,

sudo netstat -tulpn |grep 4242

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:4242            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      7490/java

7490 is the Process ID of the program and the program using it is java.
More information here on how to find the program using a port.


If you boot a LiveCD or LiveUSB, you can make sure all partitions on the hdd are unmounted and resize to your needs.


Not all buttons work on PS3 bluetooth remote

The buttons are not being seen by X because their key code is >255.

I tried LIRC to act as a remapping layer (using the devinput driver) but then I lost key repeating which was a deal breaker.

In the end I found http://www.thenautilus.net/SW/xf86-input-evdev/ and patched the driver (v2.8.2 on this version of Ubuntu).

ie

First install these packages

sudo apt-get install git automake autoconf pkg-config xcb-proto xutils-dev libtool xserver-xorg-dev libudev-dev

Clone the repo and build

git clone git://www.thenautilus.net/xf86-input-evdev
cd xf86-input-evdev
git pull git://www.thenautilus.net/xf86-input-evdev code-remap-2.8.2
./autogen.sh
make
sudo mv /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/evdev_drv.so /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/evdev_drv.so.orig
sudo cp ./src/.libs/evdev_drv.so /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/evdev_drv.so

cat > /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/99-evdev.conf <<EOF
Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "evdev keyboard catchall"
    MatchIsKeyboard "on"
    MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*”
    MatchProduct "PS3 Remote Controller"
    Driver "evdev"
    Option "event_key_remap" "311=76 313=75 318=74"
EndSection
EOF

This will re-map the right 1/2/3 buttons to volume up/down/mute.


Does Ubuntu 20.10 affect the bios of Lenovo laptops?

3 years is a very long time in computing.
Lenovo has a list of bugs: CVE-2017-5703 seems to be the one you are referring to. Ubuntu has the same CVE-2017-5703.

Systems with microprocessors utilizing speculative execution and branch prediction may allow unauthorized disclosure of information to an attacker with local user access via a side-channel analysis.
From the Ubuntu security team
Jann Horn discovered that microprocessors utilizing speculative execution and branch prediction may allow unauthorized memory reads via sidechannel attacks. This flaw is known as Spectre. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information, including kernel memory.

As you can see all versions that where around back then have a fix for this. All newer are no long affected.


wlan0 seems to be associated to AP but no internet with raspbian

Your WPA: 4-Way Handshake failed recheck your *.conf file:

Your .conf file should look like this for wpa2 connections with pre-shared-key:

network={
        ssid="home"
        scan_ssid=1
        key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
        psk="very secret passphrase"
}

In case you want to hide your passphrase your can also use this method here https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/278958/243440


X-server doesn't start properly: No window boundaries, close buttons, or unity sidebar

Run the program

/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p

to test if your graphics supports compiz/unity.

If not, you should use the classic desktop: install the package gnome-session-fallback and at the login choose Gnome Classic (click on the gear near the username).


How do I change the guest session defaults

This has become much easier in 11.10.

First you need to create a folder: sudo mkdir -p /etc/guest-session/skel/. The -p switch creates /etc/guest-session so you can place /skel in it in one go. Now you just add the files you want to /etc/guest-session/skel and it will be copied onto the guest account whenever it's created.

The program that sets this up is /usr/sbin/guest-account in case you want to learn more about what's going on.

The tutorial CustomizeGuestSession elaborates on this topic. In particular it describes how you can create a "special purpose user" for a convenient way to customize the guest session appearance and behavior, without having to know which files to edit.


How to handle broken packages related to different versions of nvidia driver

First we need to do this:

'''sudo dpkg -P $(dpkg -l | grep nvidia-driver | awk '{print $2}')'''

then

'''sudo apt autormove'''


Go to

Keyboard > Shortcuts > launcher

and just remove the ALT key for showing the HUD.


How can I edit desktop shortcuts on Kubuntu 15.10?

If I need to edit shortcuts I normally open a text editor (Geany or Gedit in my case, but perhaps not yours) and then do a File | Open and go to the folder where they are stored, presumably the Desktop in your case. The files should have a .desktop extension. The content looks a bit like a properties file and you can make the changes you want.


Try following this guide for using boot-repair


Colour Picker package of Sublime Text 3 not working in Ubuntu 20.04

You should install package python-gtk2 in your system. It is not in default repositories, therefore:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nrbrtx/python2-stuff
sudo apt-get install python-gtk2

Besides, to allow the tool output color codes to your files, you will need to update ~/.config/sublime-text-3/Packages/ColorPicker/lib/linux_colorpicker.py changing the line:
if color_sel.run() == getattr(Gtk, 'RESPONSE_OK', Gtk.ResponseType.OK):

to:
if color_sel.run() == getattr(Gtk, 'RESPONSE_OK', Gtk.ResponseType):


This is fixed in screenlets revision 740 (see http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~screenlets-dev/screenlets/trunk/revision/740). If you install Screenlets from Dev PPA, you can move Screenlets by dragging them.

To enable Development versions PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:screenlets-dev/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install screenlets


How do I deal with 'sudoers.so must be only be writable by owner'?

22h has it right, but because of the sudoers.so issue, you won't be able to run sudo to fix the permissions.

So you are going to have to drop to a root shell as described here: How do I boot into a root shell?

(Essentially rebooting, holding the left Shift key for Grub to come up, "Advanced Options" "recovery mode" "network" and "root").

Then you will need to:

chown root:root /usr/lib/sudo/sudoers.so
chmod 644 /usr/lib/sudo/sudoers.so

Which should solve this issue.


Open terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer

This will install flash

EDIT: For chrome:

 sudo apt-get install pepperflashplugin-nonfree


Ubuntu suddenly stopped booting to GUI and startx stalls

I think the problem was with my graphics driver. I reinstalled it and everything is working now.


Installing Ubuntu 13.04 onto a computer that already has Windows 7 Pro installed

Yes, you can install Ubuntu whereever you like and it will be the boot loader (grub) that'll enable you to choose between Ubuntu and Windows.


How To Enable WebGL In Chrome On Ubuntu?

For WebGL to work in Google Chrome (and Chromium), Here are the steps to enable WebGL in Google Chrome.

Step 1: Open Google Chrome

Step 2: Type chrome://flags in the address bar

Step 3: Press Ctrl + f and type ” Rendering list “, “Override software rendering list”
should come up, Now click on Enable and restart the browser.

Step 4: Completely kill Chrome: Type killall chrome into a console.

Step 5: Go to chrome://settings and enable Use hardware acceleration when available. By default it is off since version 43.

Step 6: Start Chrome

  Now check      chrome://gpu/

  http://webglreport.com/

Source


Open System Settings -> Keyboard -> Text Entry, on the right corner of the left part, choose the keyboard icon, choose Slovak from the table. Delete Sloavk (QWERTY). Done!


There is!

Minimise all your windows so only the Desktop is showing. (For a fast way of doing this press Super+D.

Now move your mouse to the panel at the top of the screen, and click on places.


How to encrypt usb pendrive/thumdrive/ that can be accessed from windows also?

For me, the easiest way to encrypt a thumbdrive that you can access from Windows and Ubuntu would be Veracrypt. It is available for both Windows and Ubuntu. I use it all the time.

https://www.veracrypt.fr

If you need to encrypt a container for storage in the cloud, consider Cryptomator. It is available for Windows, Ubuntu, and your phone/tablet.

https://cryptomator.org/


E: Command line option 'V' [from -V] is not known

The -V option is not meant to be used with the update command. Only upgrade or install allow this option:

  Quite a while ago I wanted to ability to show the versions of packages
  as they get upgraded.  It makes a great deal of difference to me if a
  package is updating from 1-3 to 1-4 vrs 1-3 to 2-1.  The attached
  patch provides an option to print verbose versions on installs or
  upgrades. It uses the command line option -V or --verbose-versions or
  the config item APT::Get::Show-Versions.

Source: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=131779


Low graphics mode error on startup with NVIDIA graphics (12.04 LTS )

I use GeForce 8300 on Ubuntu 12.04 amd64.
When using normal startup, it goes to Low graphics mode, but cannot enter desktop.
When using maintenance mode via grub, in root command line, type startx, I can enter the desktop without taskbar. So I right click to create folder and then right click to launch nautilus and can do other things.


This feature is not implemented in Liferea for simplicity. Multi-selection causes complex scenarios for all possible headline related menu options.


I had to download the proprietary driver for my ATI card and then I had the option to select HDMI sound. It worked after that. Hope this helps.

"To use a proprietary driver for a device:

Press System → Administration → Hardware Drivers.

Find the driver which you would like to enable and read the description.

Press Activate to enable the driver. You may be asked to enter your password.

The proprietary driver may have to be downloaded and installed.

You may need to restart your computer to finish enabling the driver. "


How do I disable Online Videos in the Unity Dash?

I have found a solution recently, though not very glorious enough, but it works.
Disable the file responsible for accessing Internet:

First Open a terminal, go to "/usr/lib/unity-scope-video-remote" by the below command:
  cd /usr/lib/unity-scope-video-remote

Disable the "unity-scope-video-remote" file there by this command below:
  sudo mv unity-scope-video-remote unity-scope-video-remote.bak

Logout and Login again, to see that the video lens is unable to access the Internet.

If you want to re-enable the feature:

Just do the opposite of the above process, Go to "/usr/lib/unity-scope-video-remote" by the command:
  cd /usr/lib/unity-scope-video-remote

Re-enable the file by following command:
  sudo mv unity-scope-video-remote.bak unity-scope-video-remote

Logout and Login again, to see the effect

13.04 (64-bit)

In 13.04 the file is in a different directory.  Using bash's brace expansion, the command is:
  sudo mv /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/unity-lens-video/unity-scope-video-remote{,.bak}

Re-enable the file by following command:
  sudo mv /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/unity-lens-video/unity-scope-video-remote{.bak,}

As an alternative to logging in and out just press Alt+F2 and type unity --replace

Will it disable the local video searching?
No, In this procedure, the local videos will always be visible. So, no worry !


How to print multiple copies of an image on a single page

You can use ImageMagick's montage tool.

Install the imagemagic tools

sudo apt-get install imagemagick

Combine your images. I have created this image, called foo.png as a demonstration:

Run montage, telling it to make 3 rows of 5 images each (-tile 3x5), keeping the original size of the image (-geometry 300x400  and give it the same image 15 times as input:

montage -geometry 300x400 -tile 3x5 foo.png foo.png foo.png foo.png foo.png foo.png foo.png foo.png \
 foo.png foo.png foo.png foo.png foo.png foo.png foo.png  montage.ps

The result is:

Since that creates a postscript file (the language printers speak), you can print it directly from the command line using tools like lp or enscript. I don't have a printer at the moment so I can't check but this should work

lp montage.ps

or

enscript montage.ps


Pasting external text into XTerm or UXTerm

Pasting external text into a terminal window the Linux way

The Linux way works with xterm and uxterm, where there are no drop-down menus or Windows style control codes like ctrl + shift + v.

Mark the text in the web page by pressing the left button of the mouse and move the mouse.
After that move the mouse so that the cursor is in the terminal window.
Press the middle button or the scroll wheel (press the scroll wheel as if it were a middle button). If there is no middle button you can press both the left and right buttons at the same time.


In Ubuntu 17.10 they changed to netplan to manage networks.

for desktop it is now netplan/networkmanager
for server (headerless) it is now netplan/networkd

So basically anything you have edited in the past doesn't really work anymore. To make life more confusing it is all still there, and editing it can just add further layers of problem (that's experience talking). Once I just started working with only the netplan stuff, everything started to work again.

As far as I understand you now edit gui from within the gui (I don't use the gui), if you google ubuntu 18.04 static ip netplan networkd you will probably find what you are looking for. I have only just discovered most of this, and I am still not 100% sure how it all works, which is why I have not told you how I setup my network stuff. Bad advise only makes things worse.

My key info was found here: https://websiteforstudents.com/configure-static-ip-addresses-on-ubuntu-18-04-beta/

Once I get a chance to work through it fully and test it all I will do a short blog on it.


I don't know how to upgrade 12.10 to 13.04 or 13.10

First check which versions of update-manager-core are installed:

apt-cache policy update-manager-core

The result may be similar to this...

update-manager-core:
  Installed: 1:0.174.5
  Candidate: 1:0.174.5
  Version table:
 *** 1:0.174.5 0
        500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-proposed/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     1:0.174.4 0
        500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-updates/main amd64 Packages
     1:0.174.3 0
        500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/main amd64 Packages

... which means, that you have installed the package from quantal-proposed

By downgrading to the package from quantal-updates you should be able to upgrade to raring:

apt-get install update-manager-core=1:0.174.4 python3-update-manager=1:0.174.4
do-release-upgrade


gi.repository is the Python module for PyGObject (which stands for Python GObject introspection) which holds Python bindings and support for the GTK+ 3 toolkit and for the GNOME apps.

See Projects/PyGObject on the GNOME Wiki.

It has nothing to do with GitHub.


Sounds like a hardware problem.  Check that your computer is a little off the table, at least 1/4 inch.  Check to see if the built in fan turns freely.  Blow it out with canned air to keep it free from dust.

Andrew


You have to use uninstallation script from make file:

cd fsearch
sudo make uninstall

Optionally you can remove its configuration files from ~/.config/fsearch.

Also please note that deb-packages for such installation method are not created, so APT does not know about fsearch package.
If you want to get deb-package you have two options:

Use checkinstall
Use PPA - ppa:christian-boxdoerfer/fsearch-daily (for this particular package)


Are there other traditional Chinese zhuyin input other than the default?

ibus-m17n  and ibus-anthy  both provide BoPoMoFo input methods.

Ibus input methods are for both traditional and simplified characters. To switch, you need to show the language panel.

Right click the Ibus indicator on the menubar >> Choose Preferences.

In the Preferences dialog, change the Show language panel setting from the default Embedded in menu to either When active or Always. Close the dialog. (The Embedded in menu option does not always work.)

The language panel usually opens in the lower right, but you can drag it around. You will see a toggle button for 简/繁 (simplified/traditional) on the bar.


Notify -osd - change volume/brightness notification bar

By looking into its package contents, it seems hard-coded with in the daemon. It's called gauge. You need to rebuild it.

Get source:

apt-get source notify-osd
sudo apt-get build-dep notify-osd
cd notify-osd-0.9.35+14.04.20140213/

Modify things you need
src/default.c, sizes & size limits

#define DEFAULT_GAUGE_SIZE           0.625f
#define DEFAULT_GAUGE_OUTLINE_WIDTH  0.125f
[...]
        property_gauge_size = g_param_spec_double (
                                "gauge-size",
                                "gauge-size",
                                "Size/height (in em) of gauge/indicator",
                                0.5f,
                                1.0f,
[...]
        property_gauge_outline_width = g_param_spec_double (
                                "gauge-outline-width",
                                "gauge-outline-width",
                                "Width/thickness (in em) of gauge-outline",
                                0.1f,
                                0.2f,

src/bubble.c, function that draw it.

// color-, alpha-, radius-, width-, height- and gradient-values were determined
// by very close obvervation of a SVG-mockup from the design-team
static void
_draw_value_indicator (cairo_t* cr,
                       gint     value,             // value to render: 0 - 100
                       gint     start_x,           // top of surrounding rect
                       gint     start_y,           // left of surrounding rect
                       gint     width,             // width of surrounding rect
                       gint     height,            // height of surrounding rect
                       gint     outline_thickness) // outline-thickness
{
[...]

Rebuild the deb package

debuild -us -uc
sudo dpkg --force-depends -i ../notify-osd_0.9.35+14.04.20140213-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb

Example:

Color, try this example quiet red, gradient points: RGB (0.9f,0.6f,0.6f),(0.5f,0.3f,0.3f) & (0.4f,0.2f,0.2f)

In bubble.c, _draw_value_indicator() function below // draw value-bar:

        gradient = cairo_pattern_create_linear (0.0f,
                                                start_y +
                                                outline_thickness,
                                                0.0f,
                                                start_y +
                                                outline_height -
                                                2 * outline_thickness);
        cairo_pattern_add_color_stop_rgba (gradient,
                                           0.0f,
                                           0.9f,
                                           0.6f,
                                           0.6f,
                                           1.0f);
        cairo_pattern_add_color_stop_rgba (gradient,
                                           0.75f,
                                           0.5f,
                                           0.3f,
                                           0.3f,
                                           1.0f);
        cairo_pattern_add_color_stop_rgba (gradient,
                                           1.0f,
                                           0.4f,
                                           0.2f,
                                           0.2f,
                                           1.0f);

        cairo_set_source (cr, gradient);
        cairo_fill (cr);

See cairo_pattern_add_color_stop_rgba () in Cairo doc's.

Comment outline drawing instructions using /* & */ so no black outline, bar_radius = outline_height / 2; for well rounded bar.

// draw bar-background
/*
cairo_set_line_width (cr, outline_thickness);
cairo_set_source_rgba (cr, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f);
draw_round_rect (cr,
[...]
cairo_fill (cr);
cairo_pattern_destroy (gradient);
*/
//bar_radius = outline_radius;
bar_radius = outline_height / 2;
bar_width  = outline_width - 2 * outline_radius;
//bar_height = outline_height - outline_radius;

// draw value-bar

Size to 1.2f, to look well with icon

#define DEFAULT_GAUGE_SIZE           1.2f
[...]
    property_gauge_size = g_param_spec_double (
                            "gauge-size",
                            "gauge-size",
                            "Size/height (in em) of gauge/indicator",
                            0.5f,
                            5.0f,

Here why it was cropped, it should be a bug.

In bubble.c, instead EM2PIXELS (defaults_get_icon_size (d), d) / 5.0f it should use EM2PIXELS (defaults_get_gauge_size (d), d) to set the height of drawing area for gauge.

Replace that line:

void
_refresh_indicator (Bubble* self)
{
[...]
    // create temp. scratch surface
    normal = cairo_image_surface_create (
            CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32,
            EM2PIXELS (defaults_get_bubble_width (d), d) -
            3 * EM2PIXELS (defaults_get_margin_size (d), d) -
            EM2PIXELS (defaults_get_icon_size (d), d)
            + 2 * BUBBLE_CONTENT_BLUR_RADIUS,
            EM2PIXELS (defaults_get_icon_size (d), d) / 5.0f
            + 2 * BUBBLE_CONTENT_BLUR_RADIUS);

to:

void
_refresh_indicator (Bubble* self)
{
[...]
    // create temp. scratch surface
    normal = cairo_image_surface_create (
            CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32,
            EM2PIXELS (defaults_get_bubble_width (d), d) -
            3 * EM2PIXELS (defaults_get_margin_size (d), d) -
            EM2PIXELS (defaults_get_icon_size (d), d)
            + 2 * BUBBLE_CONTENT_BLUR_RADIUS,
            EM2PIXELS (defaults_get_gauge_size (d), d)
            + 2 * BUBBLE_CONTENT_BLUR_RADIUS);


strange command by root user whois_psa when run lsof command ubuntu 16.04

I've found out this command was associated with psad , a strange subdirectory whois_psad but doesn't seem to be part of the regular directory and command. I removed the associated files and haven't had the user come up since.


If you're starting ffmpeg from the terminal, you could use sleep to wait a few seconds before starting it.

sleep 10 && ffmpeg

…will start ffmpeg after 10 seconds.


Try UNetBootIn. It is available for Windows and other operating systems as well. Get the software from here: http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/

I believe that your ISO file has not been properly written into your USB drive or the ISO file you have is corrupt. If you can find a way to get the MD5 sum checked, it would perhaps solve the problem.


Will I lose all my files from XP OS if I install Ubuntu?

Ok you wont lose windows XP or your files when you use the installer for Ubuntu you need to select the option to custom the hard drive using G parted usually the install along side windows option will allow you to resize the drive if C: is big like at lest 20 GB make c: into 2 10GB an use the new 10gb partition to install the Ubuntu OS the good thing is Windows XP only needs 8gb partition to work and this will leave all your other files and drives in place and only change the boot C: windows xp drive 10gb is enough to install Ubuntu and have the swap partition and if will also allow you to duel boot with windows xp


Using DisplayPort with ThinkPad and DockingStation does not work

I see the same error message on a new HP Folio 9470M with a fresh Ubuntu 12.10 installation when using an HP UltraSlim Side Docking Station and having attached two external monitors, (one 21" Dell through VGA and one 21" ViewSonic via a DisplayPort_to_DVI adapter.)

If only one external monitor is attached via VGA, there are no such errors and the external monitor + internal monitor are fine.

An (odd) workaround for the moment seems to work:

Start laptop in the docking station with only the VGA attached monitor (DisplayPort adapter unplugged at that moment)
Disable the internal laptop screen through Display settings, then plug in the DisplayPort adapter.

That way I can get both external screens working.


Could not read dvd despite having restricted extras

Open the Terminal under Applications > Accessories > Terminal and run the following commands:

sudo apt-get install libdvdnav4 libdvdread4 gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly

sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

Reference:

http://joesteiger.com/2011/03/26/watch-dvds-in-ubuntu/


Wallpapers of only some users being dynamically loaded in LightDM

Was the system upgraded from a previous version to 12.04? If yes, then simply ask each user to re-assign it's wallpaper. Set a dummy one, then again the new one.

This question was also posted about this

Edit:

Look for Bruno Pereira's answer in this question.
It's not the officially accepted question, but the one with 7 upvotes. He explains quite nicely how to set your own default wallpaper in LightDM.

Cheers


Freshly created logical volumes show large usage

The default size for the GFS2 journal is 128 MiB. You requested four journals (-j 4). That's 512 MiB right there.


How do I block myself from logging in over the weekend?

[Option #1]

Assuming you are referring to logging in over SSH into your specific work computer - the best way would be to just shut down your work machine over the weekend.

[Option #2]

Your script could append the host file and reroute your servers address to local host. There is an example application called "SelfControl" that does this, but it's written for MacOS X: https://github.com/SelfControlApp/selfcontrol/

You could probably get an idea of how they did it there.

This is an old unsupported Linux port of it:
https://github.com/zengargoyle/selfcontrol


Running a server on a Teredo address is usually a bad idea because the clients will experience unreliable connectivity to your server.

Your scenario is a bit special in that you plan for your phone to be the only client, and as such you might not have the same reliability requirements as the typical server. You just need to keep the gotchas in mind.

The most common reason for Teredo to break is lack of Teredo relays. Another way you can easily break Teredo is by filtering ICMPv6 packets.

Things to look out for

Find the IPv6 address of your phone and use one of the many ping test sites on the net to try pinging that address. If your phone does not respond to ping it will never be able to communicate with a server hosted on a Teredo address.
Find out which Teredo relay is being used by the ISP your phone connects to. If that ISP does not have their own Teredo relays you may be relying on third party relays which means no guarantees about reliability and no simple way to report problems.
Decide how your phone will find your server. Teredo is designed to provide a device with a single dynamic IPv6 address. A static address is not possible with an unmodified Teredo client and Teredo server. So you need to find a way for the phone to know the IPv6 address of your server as it changes. One possibility is to use a dynamic DNS provider with IPv6 support.


In brasero, you should be able to select new audio project, then drag and drop files.

 Of course you'll probably notice the files I'm using in this example are .ogg.
That's just another format for multimedia files. You'll want to drag .mp3 files since it sounds like you want them to play on a device that supports mp3.


How to make partition in large volume for internal hdd?

If you're running Ubuntu under your win7 OS then resize your partition via the instructions given on the page: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ResizeandDuplicateWubiDisk.


Lubuntu 13.04: Can't find Catfish in the menu

Did you try reinstall it? So open terminal and try:

sudo apt-get remove catfish
sudo apt-get install catfish


What is the naming convention for click packages?

The package name is usually the name of your application, all in lowercase and using dashes (-) instead of spaces.

For example, here are a few of my applications and their package names:

Weather Desktop became weather-desktop
Ubuntu Tasks become ubuntu-tasks
uBible will be ubible

In addition, click packages also use a namespace which is combined with the package name to form the App ID. The namespace is the developer's domain name reversed, so for example:

MyAwesomeApps.com would become com.myawesomeapps
Ubuntu.com would become com.ubuntu

If you don't have your own domain name, you can use the default which is based on your Launchpad user name:

com.ubuntu.developer.<lpname>

There are a couple of things to note about your developer namespace:

Once you've uploaded an app, it cannot be changed. Before you've uploaded an app, if you've made a mistake or would like to change it, you can usk in the #ubuntu-app-devel channel to have it changed.
You can only use a namespace if you own the domain it represents or if it is the default using your Laynchpad user name.

So for example, the App ID for Ubuntu Tasks is

com.ubuntu.developer.mdspencer.ubuntu-tasks


I solved it:

I did sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y then restarted - and sound is now playing again!
But now the sound notification icon is missing. I just did a sudo apt-get install indicator-sound and after a restart everything was back to working again.


Disable desktop switching with the scroll wheel in Lubuntu?

Starting with Lubuntu 14.04 or earlier, the config file format and solution became slightly different from @SWrobel's answer. Then in Ubuntu 17.10 (or earlier), things changed again.

The following instructions apply to the current situation (Ubuntu 17.10 and later).

Remove the following lines from ~/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml to disable any scroll wheel desktop switching in a window, with and without modifier keys. (Keep the outer <context …> … </context> element though.)

<context name="Frame">
  […]
  <mousebind button="A-Up" action="Click">
    <action name="GoToDesktop">
      <to>previous</to>
    </action>
  </mousebind>
  <mousebind button="A-Down" action="Click">
    <action name="GoToDesktop">
      <to>next</to>
    </action>
  </mousebind>
  <mousebind button="C-A-Up" action="Click">
    <action name="GoToDesktop">
      <to>previous</to>
    </action>
  </mousebind>
  <mousebind button="C-A-Down" action="Click">
    <action name="GoToDesktop">
      <to>next</to>
    </action>
  </mousebind>
  <mousebind button="A-S-Up" action="Click">
    <action name="SendToDesktop">
      <to>previous</to>
    </action>
  </mousebind>
  <mousebind button="A-S-Down" action="Click">
    <action name="SendToDesktop">
      <to>next</to>
    </action>
  </mousebind>
</context>

Also remove the following lines to disable any scroll wheel desktop switching on the desktop background:

<context name="Desktop">
  <mousebind button="A-Up" action="Click">
    <action name="GoToDesktop">
      <to>previous</to>
    </action>
  </mousebind>
  <mousebind button="A-Down" action="Click">
    <action name="GoToDesktop">
      <to>next</to>
    </action>
  </mousebind>
  <mousebind button="C-A-Up" action="Click">
    <action name="GoToDesktop">
      <to>previous</to>
    </action>
  </mousebind>
  <mousebind button="C-A-Down" action="Click">
    <action name="GoToDesktop">
      <to>next</to>
    </action>
  </mousebind>
  <mousebind button="Left" action="Press">
    <action name="Focus"/>
    <action name="Raise"/>
  </mousebind>
  <mousebind button="Right" action="Press">
    <action name="Focus"/>
    <action name="Raise"/>
  </mousebind>
</context>

Also remove the following lines to disable any scroll wheel desktop switching while moving a window around:

<context name="MoveResize">
  <mousebind button="Up" action="Click">
    <action name="GoToDesktop">
      <to>previous</to>
    </action>
  </mousebind>
  <mousebind button="Down" action="Click">
    <action name="GoToDesktop">
      <to>next</to>
    </action>
  </mousebind>
  <mousebind button="A-Up" action="Click">
    <action name="GoToDesktop">
      <to>previous</to>
    </action>
  </mousebind>
  <mousebind button="A-Down" action="Click">
    <action name="GoToDesktop">
      <to>next</to>
    </action>
  </mousebind>
</context>

Execute this to let the settings take effect immediately (source):

openbox --reconfigure


Ubuntu updated and now the option to boot into Windows XP is missing

Based on the output of sudo update-grub, it looks like you have a long list of Linux kernels, and it is successfully seeing Windows and putting it at the very bottom of that list.  When you boot up, GRUB only shows a fixed number of options before it starts scrolling the list.  When you updated Ubuntu, it added yet another kernel version to the list, bumping Windows into the "not visible until you scroll" region.

At first I was hesitant to post this as an answer, thinking that I might be the only one to have made this mistake.  It's nice to know I'm not alone. :)


Nautilus scripts in top level of contextual menu

Possible if you use Nautilus-Action. You may define your own right-click context menu items with this package. There is no need to store scripts in the ~/.gnome2/scripts folder.Instead you can use the same script with Nautilus-Actions-Configuration Tool.

sudo apt-get install nautilus-actions

See the full answer here:

How to customize the context menu in Nautilus?

Since most of the nautilus-scripts are basically Shell-scripts or Python-scripts (or Perl scripts) it is easy to convert them to nautilus-action scripts.

You can install most useful scripts from this ppa: ppa:dr3mro/nautilus-actions-extra

Also you can fine many useful scripts here: Nautilus-action scripts


Upgrade your driver instead.

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

That command does the following.

Adds the “Ubuntu-X” team to PPA to your configuration. See more
information on the PPA
https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-x-swat/+archive/x-updates
Updates the available packages
Upgrades your current driver to the latest available version which in this case is from newly added PPA.


how to run sequence of command at startup?

Since you've mentioned having to do sudo su, I assume that you want these commands to be executed after login.

To do so, you'll have to put your commands in a script file, say, myCom.sh. The contents would look like below:

cd MT7630E_Wi-Fi_BT_Source_Release_20140625/rt2x00/
echo myPassword | sudo -S su && sudo su -c ./load.sh

Note that exit is not required as each command is run as root and script returns back after completion.

Also "myPassword" is to be provided in plain-text.

Then Use KDE/ Ubuntu's startup manager to start this script. Or you could place this file directly in ~/.profile.

On the other hand, if you want to run these commands on startup rather than login, you could use init scripts. You'll not have to use sudo su there as everything will run in root context.


Ubuntu 14.04LTS hangs when i change brightness of my display on Dell N5010 laptop

The Dell Inspiron N5010 (and other Dell laptops eg. Dell Studio 1558, Inspiron 1464, Inspiron 1564, Inspiron M5010) has a bug in the firmware that causes it to hang in the backlight code under certain scenarios. This is kernel.org bug #57571 - Dell Inspiron N5010: freeze on adjusting brightness unless acpi_backlight=vendor is specified on boot  and Launchpad bug #1007765 - brightness adjusting crashes system. There are two workarounds that may help:

Create the file /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf with contents:

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "card0"
    Driver      "intel"
    Option      "Backlight"    "intel_backlight"
    BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection

Log out and log back in again then test.
Add acpi_backlight=vendor to the boot parameters (some users report that this does not work for them)


In my case adding lines bellow to smb.conf solved the problem.

security = user
map to guest = Bad User

See http://sysadmin.toshiro.biz/services/samba-services/samba-troubleshooting/


PHP script not executing on Apache server. U-18.4 PHP 7.2 Localhost

In file /etc/apache2/envvars the user and group were not correct.
changed export APACHE_RUN_USER=www-data  to myname
and changed export APACHE_RUN_GROUP=www-data to myname

Other changes were made to the apache configuration file to get phpmyadmin to work, but that's another story.


When using "Try Ubuntu" from a removable flash drive, is it isolated from my main OS?

If she's running a LiveUSB of Ubuntu, and is only web browsing, it should be relatively safe.  It would be safer if you disconnected the hard drive in the machine when you aren't using it, as then it would be impossible (short of reconnecting it) to mount it and potentially trash things by fumbling about.

It all depends on how malicious she is, I suppose.


Can't install MS office 2010 in ubuntu 17.10 via PlayonLinux

Follow instructions from this link:

https://gist.github.com/raelgc/4ccc023830bfd12c0227

It worked on Ubuntu 18.10, for both MS Office 2007 and 2010

Install Microsoft Office 2010 on Ubuntu

Requirements

We'll install MSOffice using the PlayOnLinux wizard. Additionally, MSOffice requires samba and winbind to properly work.

So, if not installed, install them:

sudo apt-get install playonlinux samba winbind

Of course, you'll need the MSOffice installer files (either DVD/folder files), in the 32 bits version. Even if you're under Ubuntu 64, we'll use a 32 bits wine installation.

Then open POL (PlayOnLinux) from command line (playonlinux &) or using Dash.

Pre Install

In the POL window menu, go to Tools > Manage Wine versions and install Wine 2.13. Versions below it will crash after click on a document hyperlink. Versions above it will not properly handle the launcher icon (due missing WM_CLASS when window is maximized).

Install

In the POL window, click on Install at top (the one with a plus sign).

1. PlayOnLinux Install menu

At the Install window, at the bottom, select Office and make sure Commercial (at top) is marked.

Now select Microsoft Office 2010 and click on Install.

2. Welcome to PlayOnLinux Installation Wizard

Nothing to do here other then click on the Next button.

3. Please Choose an Installation Method

Now it's up to you: select DVD or file installation according your MSOffice installation.

Then click on Next.

Browse the files or the DVD: the goal here is select the MSOffice setup.exe, from the 32 bits version.

Now, after click on Next: you'll see a sequence of PlayOnLinux installation windows, configuring the new Windows virtual drive, installing components, etc.

4. The MSOffice Install Wizard

Automatically the MSOffice installer will be displayed.

Install the MSOffice as on Windows: agree with EULA, select install type, etc.

In the last Install window, click on Close in the MSOffice installer: you'll see a PlayOnLinux window still running some additional configurations.

Then, a successful message: click on Next and the install window will be closed.

Now you can close PlayOnLinux.

Post Install

1. Desktop Files

Current PlayOnLinux Office2010 script already creates the above shortchuts.

But in case you deleted them or want to fix something...

Now let's create some .desktop files to provide better integration into Ubuntu: you can associate typical MSOffice files, like .docx to Word; at Dash, type winword to run Word, etc.

Open a text editor (like gedit, nano or vim) and create 3 files under ~/.local/share/applications, with the following names and contents.

Please, replace /home/<user> (at the Icon line) by your home folder path:

Word.desktop:

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Categories=Office;WordProcessor;
StartupWMClass=WINWORD.EXE
Name=Microsoft Office Word 2010
Comment=winword
Exec=env XMODIFIERS='' playonlinux --run "Microsoft Word 2010" %F
Icon=/home/<user>/.PlayOnLinux/icones/full_size/Microsoft Word 2010

Excel.desktop:

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Categories=Office;Spreadsheet;
StartupWMClass=EXCEL.EXE
Name=Microsoft Office Excel 2010
Comment=excel
Exec=env XMODIFIERS='' playonlinux --run "Microsoft Excel 2010" %F
Icon=/home/<user>/.PlayOnLinux/icones/full_size/Microsoft Excel 2010

PowerPoint.desktop:

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Categories=Office;Presentation;
Terminal=false
StartupWMClass=POWERPNT.EXE
Name=Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2010
Comment=powerpnt
Exec=env XMODIFIERS='' playonlinux --run "Microsoft Powerpoint 2010" %F
Icon=/home/<user>/.PlayOnLinux/icones/full_size/Microsoft Powerpoint 2010

OneNote.desktop:

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Categories=Office;Documentation;
Terminal=false
StartupWMClass=ONENOTE.EXE
Name=Microsoft Office OneNote 2010
Comment=onenote
Exec=env XMODIFIERS='' playonlinux --run "Microsoft OneNote 2010" %F
Icon=/home/<user>/.PlayOnLinux/icones/full_size/Microsoft OneNote 2010

After create those 4 files, open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T`) and run this command to refresh the Dash entries:

sudo update-desktop-database

One clarification: the env XMODIFIERS='' command in the Exec line is to prevent wine to change keyboard behavior (sometimes while using wine the keyboard uses a different layout, so accents will not work properly, etc).

2. Printers

If you have a printer properly configured under Ubuntu, probably it'll be automatically available to MSOffice under wine.

If not, we can make it available. Basically, your printer must be installed using cups. No problem if the printer is installed using other softwares/drivers, but to get it available for wine, it must be installed under cups too.

If cups package is not installed, install it:

sudo apt-get install cups

Then, open http://localhost:631/ and add your printer.

After configure it, print a test page using the related printer in Printers from System Settings.

Now, make sure you have this file: /etc/printcap. If it's not present, create it this way:

ln -sf /var/run/cups/printcap /etc/printcap

Reboot wine: open PlayOnLinux, click Configure, select Office2010, click on Wine tab and click on Windows reboot button.

3. Fix Alternate between Excel windows

When you open 2 files in Excel, and click on Excel icon in the launcher by the second time to see opened files (Expose), you'll see a weird behavior: one window properly rendered, and the second with just a single icon.

To fix this, open Excel, then File > Options > Advanced > General and check Ignore other applications that use Dyanamic Data Exchange (DDE).

Then, to alternate between Excel files, on Excel click on View tab and then click on Alternate Windows.


Screen Shortcuts Not Working In Terminal

if you want to attach to the screen: screen -x 16245.minecraft
if you want to detach, press ctrl+alt+d (ctrl+a+d sometimes....)
and if you want to create a new screen just type: screen

and if you want to create a shortcut for the screen. you could create a .run or .sh file :D
#!/bin/bash
screen -x 16245.minecraft

after you save this as xyz.run (or .sh) you need to give permission to the user to run
chmod -x xyz.run

and then you can attach to the screen just by writeing ./xyz (if not work: ./xyz.run)


After "source .profile" the variable in a new terminal is still empty

.profile is run at login but a new terminal window is not a login and instead runs ~/.bashrc.

if you log out of your session and login again your .profile will have the desired effect and your new terminal sessions after the login will inherit these settings from the initial login.


If you have installed 64-bit and it works then there is no issue.

All programs that are 32-bit will work on 64-bit, so no worries. If you could install 64-bit Ubuntu then you have a 64-bit capable CPU and everything will work, so relax.

What problems do you have? You need to eb very specific if we are going to be able to help you.

64-bit is just a CPU architecture and doesn't have anything to do with Ubuntu it's only regarding the Kernel, and how large instructions the CPU can handle.


Is there a simple mail server I can install?

Just postfix is needed.

For setup, just use the defaults. Internet site. When you get to it, there's a section for setting which computers are allowed to relay mail through the server. The default is 127.0.0.1 (worded slightly more verbosely) and this is good. This means even if another computer can connect to postfix, postfix wont allow it to send mail anwhere but to the destinations postfix accepts as "local" domains.

But good network security on top won't hurt. A router blocking incoming connections and/or a firewall (see ufw) will stop anybody else contacting postfix.

If you need to reconfigure, just run:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure postfix


I don't know anything about keybinding but here is a quick fix open the terminal and type

xrandr -q | grep " connected"

then to change the screen brightness enter

xrandr --output LVDS1 --brightness 0.0

0.0 can be anything from 0.0 to 2.0


Kernel Headers 3.19.0-28 generic was not found?

You could install Kernel generic headers like this:

sudo apt-get install linux-generic

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic


Unable to activate MS office 2010 on Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit/ PlayOnLinux

in PlayOnLinux/ Configure you can find riched20 ,install this one.
You many need ie8 as well, I don't suggest ie6 as install ie6 the program will set your system to windows 2000 and you will have "IOPL not enabled" error


Missing REQUIRED dependency: python3-dbus [how to install python dependencies]

I have run across this same issue with a newer HP printer and HPLIP.  What eventually worked for me was an updated version of CUPS.  At the time, I had to manually compile however it may be updated in the latest beta (15.04).  I wouldn't recommend upgrading right away without question... first try a live nightly version to see if it will work or not.