Can't apt-get install, upload during speed test, or identify download server

I would start by changing  your DNS. Comcast has been caught several times changing resolution entries... just because? I would definitely start there. Use OpenDNS ( 208.67.222.222 ) or google DNS (8.8.8.8)


So I found the answer at a Launchpad question from someone experiencing a similar problem.  After somehow starting to search for a "ppd" file as a possible solution, I stumbled on said Launchpad question.

So when I installed the lpr and cups drivers from the Brother site, it created a ppd file at /usr/share/cups/model, with the name of my printer model.  So I opened cups, navigated to Administration -> Manage Printers -> Brother_HL-2270DW_series -> Administration/Modify Printer, chose Brother as the make, and added the ppd file from said location. This installed the correct drivers, giving me full access to all printer features, including sleep time!


"unable to connect to libvirt" in Virtual Machine Manager

First, make sure your hardware supports virtualization:
egrep '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo

If this doesn't spit out some data, your hardware doesn't support virtualization, and you can't use KVM. (Note: hardware virtualization must also be enabled in BIOS/UEFI for the machine. It typically is not already enabled by default. You need to check for it.)
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install kvm libvirt-bin virtinst bridge-utils

This gets you the requisite packages.
sudo adduser `id -un` libvirtd

This puts you in the requisite group to play with virtualization. Note: if you are running in a GUI, and expect to run virt-manager, you will have to log out and back in again in order to make this take effect!
sudo virsh -c qemu:///system list

This should get you a (currently empty) list of VMs on the system:
 Id Name                 State
----------------------------------

You are now ready to use virt-manager to manage VMs from the GUI, or virsh to manage them from the command-line. If you need help using virsh to create and manage guests, please ask that as a separate question - it gets pretty chewy. :)
If you want to use virt-manager running on a remote workstation, be aware that you will need working SSH access to the server from that workstation.  As long as you have that, and as long as the user you're SSHing in as has been added to the libvirt-bin group as shown above, it will 'just work' from there - you'll set up the connection in virt-manager on the remote machine as "type SSH" and specify username and ip address from there, and it will prompt you for a password on connection (unless you've set up passwordless public-key auth, in which case it'll use that).


how to open technicLauncher.jar in ubuntu

To open .jar file you need to have installed Java. Then you need to open .jar file with java. ( Change the Open With .. option in right click menu to the Java package you have installed.)

If you havent installed Java, you can installed by following :

Press Ctrl+Alt+T : You will get the Terminal with prompt. (Like CMD in Win)

Then, in the prompt Copy & Paste this line. Then press Enter

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre openjdk-7-jdk

You should be online in internet while doing this.


How to manage software that is installed from source?

Using checkinstall make install will create a temporary package and install it. This means it is recorded in the package manager and can be uninstalled.


Errors every time I use 'apt install' because of old kernels

You have some crappy DKMS packages. I suggest to remove them:

sudo dkms remove i915/usbc --all
sudo dkms remove i915_bpo/usbc --all


Log-in screen background (on Ubuntu 18.04) is not changing though I made necessary changes in necessary files

The technique you followed has worked for most people:

How to change Ubuntu Budgie login screen background?

However it didn't work for everyone and there is a lesser known technique in the same thread where they simply copy over the pre-packaged image filename with a new image:

  I tried all of those and none worked. This does, for sure:

  As root user, just copy your_image.png to /usr/share/backgrounds and
  ....

# cd /usr/share/backgrounds
# cp warty-final-ubuntu.png warty-final-ubuntu.png.stock
# rm warty-final-ubuntu.png
# ln -s your_image.png warty-final-ubuntu.png
# reboot

  ...where your_image.png is the name of the actual image you want to
  display. The warty one is big: 4096 x 2304. I matched mine to the same
  size.


How to specify the monitor driver in the installer

Must have been sleepy yesterday, this question is already answered.

Install failure for LTS 16.04 nouveau MEM_FAULT

Haven't tried it but my guess is that this will fix the problem:
"Boot the Ubuntu Live DVD with the nomodeset parameter set"

Hopefully it will work:

"Many open source drivers have removed support for non-kernel mode setting, so in those cases when you use nomodeset you will end up falling back to the very basic VESA un-accelerated driver. This is very much a performance and feature hit."

https://askubuntu.com/a/249579/806038

Will try it and if it does not I'll report back.

(I wish we still had the alternate installer that did the job reliably...)


How do I fix an unexpected inconsistency on my Linux partition?

To manually perform a file system check on your Ubuntu disk...

boot to the GRUB menu (where you select which OS to start)
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f / # check the root file system
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /dev/sda6 # just in case sda6 and / are different
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot


How to organize the nautilus bookmarks in the "Places" panel applet?

AFAIK, Places/Nautilus Bookmarks don't allow for sub-folders. While it might not be exactly what you're looking for, but since you ask for other tools file-browser-applet  might be useful for you. It allows you to browse through folders from the GNOME panel.


You can install LTS version 12.04 or you can install 13.04 if you don't care about LTS.

For installing OPENFOAM use this command:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openfoam220

More details: Read this.


How do I set profile picture on Lubuntu?

The easiest method is to save your profile picture manually.

The steps are as follows:

Choose a picture you want to use.
Optionally you can create one - preferably with equal dimensions (a square).
Save the picture (in .PNG format) as ~/.face.


Can I connect Ubuntu to Bluetooth Speaker?

I found an old AUX cable and was able to connect it that way. Still interested in a wireless solution if anyone has one.


How can I set charge levels on ThinkBook

You will have to install and load the tp_smapi kernel module:
Install the tp-smapi-dkms module using

sudo apt-get install tp-smapi-dkms

Now, load the tp-smapi module in the kernel using

sudo modprobe tp_smapi

and set the thresholds to virtual files in /sys/devices/platform/smapi

echo 35| sudo tee /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/start_charge_thresh
echo 75| sudo tee /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/stop_charge_thresh

This setting will make sure that it will stop charging once it reached 75% and only start charging when it drops below 35%.


Try KWordQuiz.
It's not the best, or necessarily the most appropriate, but it gets the job done.

I would also suggest using KompoZer or a similar program from creating a quiz in HTML, or possibly even OpenOffice.org(LibreOffice) impress/writer. All 3 can create a presentation style quiz, which you could then convert to PDF format (built into OOo) for display.


These are massive projects that ubuntu allows you to install through a package manager.  Some times errors happen, but one thing that can be solved is not using Windows applications for one which will always be a source of annoyance and extra work in my opinion.  I would go with something like shotwell which is the default for Ubuntu.

If you installed a bunch of desktop environments you will never have a clean system again.  You will need to reinstall.  I am sure you could eventually get everything cleaned up, but it would be a waste of your time.

I'm not going to tell you which DE to use because that is asking for a flame war, but Ubuntu works well with what ever DE you use, but usually switching back and forth breaks keyrings and other application settings.


High CPU Usage for "kidle_inject / x" in Ubuntu 16.10

You can make this permanent by making this be blacklisted on boot:

sudo echo "blacklist intel_powerclamp" > /etc/modprobe.d/disable-powerclamp.conf

However it should be noted that powerclamp is actually a feature which is there to prevent the processor from further overheating by limiting how much of the CPU can be used. So in fact those processes (1 for each CPU core) aren't using your CPU, but rather dictating how much of it should not be used.
Which is why things are slower.

Instead of disabling this feature, I would suggest that you make sure that your fan is working and that the inside of your computer and its vents are clean and not blocked up with dust etc. As this is a feature which comes on when your machine is already overheating, to try to prevent it from overheating any further. So in fact disabling it could cause your machine to overheat and your hardware could be damaged.

So I would highly advise that you make sure that your fan is working properly and that your machine isn't overheating before deciding to turn this feature off.


How to make Ubuntu-firefox to spellcheck all installed languages whatsoever?

Given it isn't possible to have spellchecking for both Hebrew and English in the current release (and turning it on for one dyes everything in Red for the other) my solution was to fully disable spell checking in Firefox.


How do I install the latest version of cmake from the command line?

The most common situation is when you want to install the latest version of cmake, but your Operating System's repositories are not updated. For example, in my case I have a laptop running Ubuntu 16.04, and when I executed the command sudo apt install cmake the installed version was 3.5.1; instead of 3.20.0 which is the current version at cmake.org.
How can I get the latest version?
Well, we can install it by following one of these methods: Using APT Reprositories, Building and Installing or Using binary files.
A. Using APT Repositories (update)
Kitware now provides an APT Repository that supports Ubuntu 16.04, 18.04, and 20.04. So we can install it easily following these steps:
A-1. Uninstall the default version provided by Ubuntu's package manager and configuration by using:
sudo apt remove --purge --auto-remove cmake

or:
sudo apt purge --auto-remove cmake

A-2. Obtain a copy of kitware's signing key.
wget -O - https://apt.kitware.com/keys/kitware-archive-latest.asc 2>/dev/null | gpg --dearmor - | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/kitware.gpg >/dev/null

A-3. Add kitware's repository to your sources list.
For Ubuntu Focal Fossa (20.04):
sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://apt.kitware.com/ubuntu/ focal main'

For Ubuntu Bionic Beaver (18.04):
sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://apt.kitware.com/ubuntu/ bionic main'

For Ubuntu Xenial Xerus (16.04):
sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://apt.kitware.com/ubuntu/ xenial main'

A-4. As an optional step, is recommended that we also install the kitware-archive-keyring package to ensure that Kitware's keyring stays up to date as they rotate their keys.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install kitware-archive-keyring
sudo rm /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/kitware.gpg

A-5. Finally we can update and install the cmake package.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install cmake

B. Building and Installing (recommended)
B-1. Uninstall the default version provided by Ubuntu's package manager as in A-1.
B-2. Go to the official CMake webpage, then download and extract the latest version. Update the version and build variables in the following command to get the desired version:
version=3.20
build=0
mkdir ~/temp
cd ~/temp
wget https://cmake.org/files/v$version/cmake-$version.$build.tar.gz
tar -xzvf cmake-$version.$build.tar.gz
cd cmake-$version.$build/

B-3. Install the extracted source by running:
./bootstrap
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install

B-4. Test your new cmake version.
$ cmake --version

Results of cmake --version:
cmake version 3.20.X

CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

C. Using binary files (cmake-gui wont work well)
C-1. Uninstall the default version provided by Ubuntu's package manager as in A-1.
C-2. Go to the official CMake webpage, then download and install the latest .sh version in opt/cmake. Update the version and build variables in the following command to get the desired version:
version=3.20
build=0
mkdir ~/temp
cd ~/temp
wget https://cmake.org/files/v$version/cmake-$version.$build-linux-x86_64.sh
sudo mkdir /opt/cmake
sudo sh cmake-$version.$build-Linux-x86_64.sh --prefix=/opt/cmake

C-3. Add the installed binary link to /usr/local/bin/cmake by running this:
sudo ln -s /opt/cmake/bin/cmake /usr/local/bin/cmake

C-4. Test your new cmake version as in A-4.
Note
In 3.20.X the X represents the last part of the version that we defined as build. The build may change if cmake is updated. According to the official web page the Latest Release is 3.20.0. If you want the Previous Release 3.19.7 just replace the version and build parameters like this:
version=3.19
build=7
mkdir ~/temp
cd ~/temp
wget https://cmake.org/files/v$version/cmake-$version.$build-Linux-x86_64.sh
sudo mkdir /opt/cmake
sudo sh cmake-$version.$build-Linux-x86_64.sh --prefix=/opt/cmake

Observation
For previous versions of CMake (3.19.7 <=) remember that file name has contanins an upper case L in -Linux-x86_64.sh and from version 3.20 it has a lower case l in -linux-x86_64.sh


The brightness gets reset after unlocking

The OP post this answer as a comment:

  Problem solved by adding acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor to the
  line that begins with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT= inside
  /etc/default/grub. Dont forget to call update-grub after.


There are two ways to do this. The first way is to buy the Fluendo DVD Player from Ubuntu Software Center. But there is also a free way to enable DVD playback in players like VLC and Totem.

First you need to install this package (if not yet installed):
https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/libdvdread4/

Then you need to open a terminal and put the following command:

sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

You'll have to enter your password. It will not show on the screen while typing, this is normal.

Now DVD playback should work in VLC, Totem and other players.


gcc-10 is now available in the Ubuntu tool chains.

Add the PPA and install gcc-10:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install gcc-10

For g++-10:

   sudo apt install g++-10


OK I think I understand this one now. I created a Windows VM, installed the Cisco client and configured it with my credentials. I got in to the VPN with no problems but I noticed some interesting behavior that perhaps is not handled by many Linux clients.  I had just changed my Windows password on the target Windows desktop box inside the VPN, which is what I think triggered this.  When I logged in using Windows 7 and the official Cisco client it prompted me not once but TWICE for an RSA passcode. The second time I was specifically prompted for the NEXT passcode. Short term work-around then is to log in once from a Windows box at the remote side each time you change your Windows password.  I wonder how many headaches this has caused?


Black screen on boot after installing AMDGPU

Hold down shift key during boot, select advanced options, then select recovery mode. enter in root password when prompted.
The filesystem is in readonly mode, so do command:
mount -o remount,rw /
Now run the amdgpu-pro-uninstall command, which is in your path and you can use tab command name completion.
reboot

if you have problems interrupting grub with shift key, like i did, try to use an older ps2 connector keyboard. usb keyboards/mice are dicey during boot


Ubuntu 18.04 hangs on booting with message "started user manager for uid 120" on Asus 1015PX

Enter Ubuntu through recovery mode, from the main menu choose the first option, the one about the restart, give always ok and you should arrive to the desktop; once in, update and upgrade everything and after that open a terminal and type sudo nano /etc/gdm3/custom.conf , once the file is opened, in the [daemon] section uncomment WaylandEnable=false , save and restart, problem fixed ;-) .


How to permanently set my second screen's resolution?

/etc/modules file is for kernel moludes ( aka drivers). It says right at the top of the file. That's not the right place to put custom commands.

Step 1: Take those 3 commands, save in a set-screen.sh somewhere in your home directory. For example, mine would be in /home/serg/bin/set-screen.sh and that's how it would look like:

#!/bin/sh
sleep 15
xrandr --newmode "1368x768_60.00"   85.25  1368 1440 1576 1784  768 771 781 798 -hsync +vsync
xrandr --addmode DVI-I-1 1368x768_60.00
xrandr --output DVI-I-1 --mode  1368x768_60.00

Step 2: do in terminal chmod 755 set-screen.sh.

Step 3: Open the Startup Applications and add full path to your file as one of the startup commands.

Note: alternatively you could add /bin/bash -c "sleep 15 && /home/serg/bin/set-screen.sh" as command to Startup Applications, and remove sleep 15 entry from the script itself

Now every time you log in, those 3 commands will run automatically 15 seconds right after you log in. Note, that these commands won't run until you log in, so the log-in screen will be with the old resolution


How to completely integrate Nemo with Ubuntu?

Found a solution here:
http://www.fandigital.com/2013/01/set-nemo-default-file-manager-ubuntu.html

The following command once typed into a terminal window (Ctrl+Alt+T) makes nemo default

xdg-mime default nemo.desktop inode/directory application/x-gnome-saved-search

How to install Nemo without Cinnamon is answered here:
How do I install Nemo file manager?


download file from web source, selectively

The script's main task is to figure out which of those links it should wget. Parsing web pages is really complicated. I wouldn't recommend bash for it!

Python is easy to write in comparison and has a robust HTML parsing library called Beautiful Soup.

Once you've "souped" the link, downloading it is trivial.


Install refit boot manager, then it will be easier to install as when the Mac boots it will then wait and allow you to select the DVD to install from. If it doesn't run then you know that the DVD you created is not made correctly.

http://refit.sourceforge.net/#download

Although this link says its out of date, its still valid and the alternative refind is harder to install. So if you are experienced you could install that instead. But if you are a beginner then I recommend you install refit instead.

PS: When you install refit, reboot the Mac at least twice as it takes two boots to install correctly


I can think of a couple ways to do this with XKB, but it's not for the faint of heart.

Make a custom symbol option that adds your numbers to "level3" or "level5" of your chosen keys.  (AltGr is the ISO_Level3_Shift key, used in non-US or US-intl layouts for áçćéñþëd characters.)  Normally these keys act like Shift -- you'd have to hold them down while you typed the numbers.  But your new option could make them act more like CapsLock if preferred.  Such an option would then override your layout's default bindings for those letters to add the numbers.

// emulate numpad on first 3 columns of alphabetic keys
// initial key definitions from /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us
// ("intl" stanza)
partial
xkb_symbols "qweasdzxc" {

    // numbers on level3 (RightAlt chooses lv3)
    include "level3(ralt_switch)"
    key <AD01> { [ q, Q, 7, division ] };
    key <AD02> { [ w, W, 8, multiply ] };
    key <AD03> { [ e, E, 9,    minus ] };
    // etc ...

    // OR ...

    // numbers on level5 (RightCtrl chooses lv5)
    include "level5(rctrl_switch)"
    key <AD01> { [ q, Q, adiaeresis,  Adiaeresis,  7,  division ] };
    key <AD02> { [ w, W,      aring,       Aring,  8,  multiply ] };
    key <AD03> { [ e, E,     eacute,      Eacute,  9,     minus ] };
    // etc ...

}; // end "qweasdzxc"

// rules to load this as an option
! option         = symbols
  lv3:qweasdzxc  = +filename(qweasdzxc)

// load from commandline. may need -I/path/to/custom/xkb
setxkbmap -layout us -option lv3:qweasdzxc

Make an empty layout that emits only those numbers on those keys and no other alphanumeric symbols.  When loaded in as a second layout, you'd have a predefined layout-switch key and would use that to toggle between your main layout and this one.  Again, the layout-switch key could be configured like a Shift (only switch layouts while held) or a CapsLock.

// emulate numpad on first 3 columns of alphabetic keys
// leave other alphanumeric keys undefined
// otherwise from /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us (basic stanza)
default partial alphanumeric_keys modifier_keys
xkb_symbols "qweasdzxc" {

    name[Group1]= "Numpad Emulation";

    key <AD01> { [ 7, division ] }; // q
    key <AD02> { [ 8, multiply ] }; // w
    key <AD03> { [ 9,    minus ] }; // e

    key <AC01> { [ 4,        F ] }; // a
    key <AC02> { [ 5,        E ] }; // s
    key <AC03> { [ 6,        D ] }; // d

    key <AB01> { [ 1,        C ] }; // z
    key <AB02> { [ 2,        B ] }; // x
    key <AB03> { [ 3,        A ] }; // c
    // hexadecimal just for fun, replace if desired

}; // end "qweasdzxc"

// rules to load this as a layout
! layout         = symbols
  qweasdzxc      = qweasdzxc

// load from commandline. may need -I/path/to/custom/xkb
setxkbmap -layout us,qweasdzxc -option grp:caps_toggle

Either of these options can be implemented by altering system XKB files in /usr/share/X11/xkb/{symbols,rules} or by storing your customizations in local XKB configuration files.  Changes to the system files could be wiped out by an update to the xkeyboard-config package, but are easier to use with system layout setting tools like /etc/default/keyboard or GNOME's settings daemon.


Sharp rectangular corners in some windows

Okay, so after a long time searching and tweaking I realized the issue was with a conflicting gtk.css in ~/home/.config/gtk-3.0
It had a border radius property which was messing things up.


make deb file and install resulting package

It varies by developer / source code, but the resulting .deb are often in one of 3 locations, the parent directory, the build directory, or sometimes in a directory within the source code.

If not specified in the README, you can find them with locate or find.

sudo updatedb
locate *.deb $HOME


Sound not coming from headphones on Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS

run these commands

 sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
echo options snd-hda-intel model=auto | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

and try

sudo alsamixer

and try restarting the device,it should work.
or there is a problem in your device audio jack check it


Ubuntu 13.04 only sometimes starts: "no System-disk or disk error"

This may happen if your boot device (hard disk drive, or CD-ROM drive) does not contain boot files.  To resolve this issue, try one of these, and then restart your computer:

Remove any CD/DVD from the optical drive
Change your computer's boot sequence, to boot from the bootable
device. (this is done from the system BIOS)
Make sure an OS is installed on the hard drive.

If non of these work,  may have a hardware problem with your hard drive.  Go to the Toshiba website, and see if they have a bootable tool to test the drive with.


How to identify an application executable from ps

You could try lsof. For example,

lsof -a -p 12144 -u noaccess | grep REG

which would list the regular files that process/user has open.

From the result you might be able to determine which java process is which.


First of all it must be cleared out that MySql-Server, as its name implies, is a Server program that is used to persist the data and provide a query interface for it. But mysql is a client program which can be used to interact with your server (locally or remotely).

Having said this and by reading man pages, you can understand that:

mysqld is the server executable (one of them)
mysql is the command line client
mysqladmin is a maintenance or administrative utility

I hope this information help you.


Command history (previous and next command) in ngspice

I would upgrade to Quantal or later so the editline support be activated without having to compile stuff, but if you feel hacky you can do this easily (you must make sure that you have the sources repositories activated):

sudo apt-get build-dep ngspice
sudo apt-get install dpkg-dev
apt-get source ngspice
cd ngspice*
sed '0,/\.\/configure/{N;N;s/$/\n                --with-editline=yes \\/}' debian/rules
## Add the -i option once you are sure of the changes,
## I recommend using `| grep -A5 -B5 editline` to verify
dpkg-buildpackage
dpkg -i ../ngspice*.deb

Done.


Ubuntu server hangs/halts during bootup and shutdown

It started working after I took out the CMOS battery to check its voltage (2.95V, so good). I put the battery back in and messed around with the BIOS some. What exactly I did that fixed this problem, I don't know. Sorry, I can't provide a conclusive answer. I wish I could, but the problem automagically solved itself. I will attempt to break it again and then I can tell you guys a conclusive reason and hopefully help anyone else with this issue


You can extend your size of the given partition with gparted.
It's a tool used for creating/editing the partitions. To install it, open your terminal with CTRL + ALT + T and type:

sudo apt-get install gparted.

There you can extend your partitions.
Helpful link: Geeks


OpenVZ is not a real VPS, but an advanced container. This has the advantages that it's cheap because you don't have the virtualisation overhead. However, it also means that what you can do with it is limited.

This limitation prevents you from creating LXC containers. Specifically in this case, one of the problems is that the msr kernel module is not loaded, and you do not have permissions to load it.

This is quite normal on a container-based virtual server, because the kernel is shared among all the virtual servers. Being able to change the kernel would be a very big security risk...


I can't install AutoDockTools 1.5.6 on Ubuntu 14.04

Go to http://mgltools.scripps.edu/downloads and click on mgltools_Linux-x86_64_1.5.6_Install this will download mgltools_Linux-x86_64_1.5.6_Install and the later goes on download folder.
To grant execute permission, type the following command at a command prompt:

    chmod +x MGLTools-$Version-Linux-x86-Install
    but change it depend on your download folder in my case:
    chmod +x /home/suhad/Downloads/mgltools_Linux-x86_64_1.5.6_Install

Type :
sudo /home/suhad/Downloads/mgltools_Linux-x86_64_1.5.6_Install
Press Enter.

The wizard for installation begin follow the wizard instruction and choose the destination location where you want to install mgltools after finishing the wizard go to the destination location and launch the  mgltools_Linux-x86_64_1.5.6 icon the autodock tools will start.
you can type in the first icon on the top left of ubuntu14.04 for search your computer or online resource :

type : adt
the icon appear and the tools launched.

**Remember that without sudo you cann't install because it permit the access and without it you get permission denied.


How do I change the default name for a new folder?

Not without recompile Thunar. If you're really interested, then tell me about it.

Here are the first steps:

Download the source code via

mkdir -p ~/src
cd ~/src
apt-get source thunar
sudo apt-get build-dep thunar
cd thunar-1.6.6

Find the occurences of New Folder via

grep -r 'New Folder' *

make your changes and recompile.

For clarification, in my case, the command sudo dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -b was not working to build a deb package. Therefore the good old way

sudo apt-get install checkinstall
./configure
make
sudo checkinstall


You can use gufw, which is an gui frontend for ufw.

To install it, run

sudo apt-get install gufw


Update your .bashrc instead of .bash_profile that is used only for bash in interactive mode.

Here is a useful explanation.


If it makes you feel any better I also get 58 CPUs in system monitor on a 4x24-core system :) But

cat /proc/cpuinfo

Showed 192 CPUs. Then i decided to check perf. So i installed

sudo apt install sysbench

Then i ran

sysbench --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=200000 --num-threads=200 run

It reported total time: 4.81s

Then i ran

sysbench --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=200000 --num-threads=100 run

It reported total time: 7.49s

Then i used info from this link to double check utilization/CPU temps:
How do I get the CPU temperature?

So it appears that the system does have and use more than 100 cores even though the system monitor shows 58.


How can I diagnose and report screen flickers in Unity after upgrading?

Without knowing your graphics hardware I suspect you cannot run Unity, when you log into GNOME open a terminal and type the following;

/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p

It will let you know if your hardware supports Unity, if you get a NO response at the end you can always install Unity2D:

How do I install and switch to the Unity 2D desktop?

You can then log out and Select Unity 2D at the log in screen


Find files younger than a certain date containg a certain key word

You can execute the grep on each file using -exec and print the name and other information only if it succeeds:

find . -type f -name "*.py" -newermt "2019-01-01" -exec grep -qi "Distribution" {} \; -printf '%Tx %p\n'


Security measures for Thunderbird and Pidgin

Thunderbird can encrypt your password if you set a master password.
Please read for more details: https://support.mozillamessaging.com/en-US/kb/master-password


Won't dual boot---goes straight to Ubuntu

In a terminal, run

sudo update-grub

Type your password and let the command run. This should update the bootloader so it can see Windows. When you restart the computer, there should be a screen for a few seconds that lets you choose between Windows and Ubuntu. If there isn't, then something is probably wrong with your Windows installation.


A default installation of screen under Ubuntu usually has "autodetach" enabled, so you don't need to explicitly detach the screen.  You could just close your SSH session and screen will automatically detach instead of killing the session.

However, if you do want to explicitly detach it, you can open a second SSH session to your server and use that to remotely detach the running session.

SSH in and do "screen -list" to find the PID for the running screen session, then "screen -d xyz" to detach it.  Here's an example:

[jdoe@blah ~]$ screen -list
There is a screen on:
        7851.pts-6.blah     (Attached)
1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-jdoe.

[jdoe@blah ~]$ screen -d 7851.pts-6.blah
[7851.pts-6.blah detached.]

[jdoe@blah ~]$


How to understand the ordering of output redirection?

The order of redirections is significant. For example, the command

ls > dirlist 2>&1

directs both standard output and standard error to the file dirlist, while the command

ls 2>&1 > dirlist

directs only the standard output to file dirlist, because the standard error was duplicated from the standard output (typically still pointing to a terminal window) before the standard output was redirected to dirlist.

At first this may feel counter-intuitive, but after thinking about it, we can understand it.

You find this explanation in man bash, in the chapter about redirection,

  REDIRECTION

  Before a command is executed, its input and output  may  be  redirected using  a special notation interpreted by the shell.  Redirection allows commands file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to  refer to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and writes to.  Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in  the current  shell execution environment.  The following redirection operators may precede or appear anywhere within a simple command or may follow  a  command.   Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right.

  Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor  number  may instead be preceded by a word of the form {varname}.  In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a file descriptor  greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to varname. If >&- or <&- is preceded by {varname}, the value of varname defines the file descriptor to close.

  In  the  following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <, the  redirection  refers  to  the  standard input (file descriptor 0).  If the first character of the  redirection  operator  is >, the  redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).

  The  word  following the redirection operator in the following descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace  expansion,  tilde expansion,  parameter  and  variable  expansion,  command substitution, arithmetic expansion,  quote  removal,  pathname  expansion,  and  word splitting.  If it expands to more than one word, bash reports an error.

  Note  that  the order of redirections is significant.  For example, the command

ls > dirlist 2>&1

  directs both standard output and standard error to  the  file  dirlist, while the command

ls 2>&1 > dirlist

  directs  only the standard output to file dirlist, because the standard error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard  output was redirected to dirlist.

Edit: The following command lines might explain what happens

Prepare

sudodus@xenial32:~$ touch qwerty;rm asdf
rm: cannot remove 'asdf': No such file or directory

Run the list command for one existing file and one non-existing file

sudodus@xenial32:~$ ls qwerty asdf
ls: cannot access 'asdf': No such file or directory
qwerty

Redirect the error output before redirecting the standard output. Only the standard output is redirected to the output file.

sudodus@xenial32:~$ ls qwerty asdf 2>&1 > output-file ;echo '---';cat output-file
ls: cannot access 'asdf': No such file or directory
---
qwerty

Redirect the error output after redirecting the standard output. Both the error output and the standard output are redirected to the output file.

sudodus@xenial32:~$ ls qwerty asdf > output-file 2>&1 ;echo '---';cat output-file
---
ls: cannot access 'asdf': No such file or directory
qwerty

The token &> can be used to redirect both the standard error and standard output. It can be used in bash, but may not be available in other shells.

sudodus@xenial32:~$ ls qwerty asdf &> output-file ;echo '---';cat output-file
---
ls: cannot access 'asdf': No such file or directory
qwerty
sudodus@xenial32:~$


Can't get anything to install, dependency errors

To fix that need to do next actions:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
sudo apt-get update


I am also getting the same error and it solved by updating the drop box. I upgraded it with a latest version. from terminal.


Can I restore Windows while dual booting Ubuntu?

Boot from your Windows installation device (DVD or USB), from there you can restore Windows to factory settings and format partitions.

You could also boot into Windows and then press the Windows logo key  +L to get to the sign-in screen, then hold the Shift key down while you select Power  > Restart in the lower-right corner of the screen. After your PC restarts, select Troubleshoot > Reset this PC.

If you can't get to the sign-in screen, use a recovery drive or installation media to reset your PC (like we said before).

More info here


You have to disable the scrollbar overlay - which means they are always on. Add this to your ~/.profile:
export GTK_OVERLAY_SCROLLING=0


Is there something similar to echo -n in heredoc (EOF)?

No, heredoc always ends in a newline. But you can still remove the last newline, for example with Perl:

cat << 'EOF' | perl -pe 'chomp if eof'
First line
Second line
EOF

-p reads the input line by line, runs the code specified in -e, and prints the (possibly modified) line
chomp removes the final newline if it exists, eof returns true at the end of file.


Had this problem and finally figured it out. You need to remove dunst. It's a notification daemon that is installed with i3. Simply removing i3 will not fix your problem. If you want to run both Unity and i3 on the same machine you'll have to kill the dunst daemon at Unity startup.


Do it from a LiveCD. Home directories are constantly being written to so there's no really nice clean way to deal with this (short of going to TTY1 and telinit 3 - it's possible but it isn't friendly).

Copy the data over
Remove any relevant bind-mounts you have in /etc/fstab (the version on your SSD, not the LiveCD's version).
Reboot.


How to show all of the packages names in a terminal?

The command apt list with the option --upgradable displays the list of upgradeable packages:

$ apt list --upgradable


As the last comment mentioned, try sudo dpkg --configure -a
But please tell us if you enbaled Multiarch support in  11.10 or not and the exact the command that returns these errors.
Are you using sudo aptitude install something or sudo apt-get install something


Try shutting down using the terminal by running:

shutdown -h now

and check the output it gives you. Probably you have a daemon that for some reason is blocking the process.

Shutting down using the text mode should give you some hints.

Hope this helps.


Laptop setting date to random time upon battery dying

Probably you need a new CMOS battery (one of the little button batteries that get tucked away somewhere). Generally, check with the manufacturer for location/disassembly to get to the battery.  It may be just under a removable panel on the bottom, or require extensive disassembly.  See https://forums.lenovo.com/t5/Lenovo-C-E-K-M-N-and-V-Series/cmos-battery/td-p/253591  for suggestions for video and manuals.


You can do it via the terminal with the "cp" command

or

You can do it by hand using a file manager like Nautilus which is pre-installed.

or

You can install a file syncronization tool like Synkron


The problem is with Java Applications and Unity.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libreoffice/+bug/768966

One option is to follow this:

How do I enable or disable the global application menu?


i cant connect to my home wifi in ubuntu 12.04

I'm not a pro but there may be issues with your particular wifi adapter. Please post the results of this command:

you@linux ~$ sudo lspci | grep 802.11

It should list your wifi device(s).

In particular there has been in the past issues with the Broadcom network controllers. There is a community help wiki page on Broadcom wifi devices and a quick search shows that there other users with problems getting Broadcom wifi devices to work on 12.04.

Hope that helps! It did for me. See my post about it. I had very similar issues as you - greyed out "enable wifi", etc. In particular my solution (after searching the ubuntu forum, ask ubuntu and community help docs) was to remove the STA drivers using the Ubuntu Software Center, and installed the b43 drivers instead. But first I made sure that my wifi adapter was supported by b43 on the linux wireless site.

Good Luck!


The API for GPS used on Ubuntu Touch is standard QtLocation API. You can use it from C++ or QML.


Upgrade docker-compose permission denied

The source of the problem is that the sudo will be execute only on the curl part of the command, and not on the > part of the commeand.

You can cause sudo to run on both parts of the command in the following way:

sudo bash -c "curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.11.2/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/bin/docker-compose"

The simple solution might be:

Download the file

wget https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.11.2/docker-compose-uname -s-uname -m
use sudo to place it in the right location

sudo mv docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` /usr/bin/docker-compose


Ok, Answering my own question, I got it working by invoking the TeamViewer installation script as a post script script. Embedding the TeamViewer installation script call in rc.local did not install it correctly.


The conversion of input text into CJK scripts does not make use of keyboard layouts; instead, it requires special input methods. Launch Keyboard Input Methods and open the "Input Methods" tab. You can add input methods from the "Select an input method" dropdown. Subsequently, you can switch your input method using the little keyboard icon in the upper right.

By the way アキラ is Japanese, not Chinese script.


Wifi hotspot software package other than ap-hotspot?

I really like create_ap and it's very lightweight.

git clone https://github.com/oblique/create_ap
cd create_ap/
sudo make install

To create your hotspot just run the command

create_ap wlp2s0 wlp2s0 MyHotspot Mypassword

And that's all there is to it! (Note in my case the same device is used to transmit & receive - but if you're using two different cards just use those instead)


I think its an issue with the hardware. But you may also check 'Applications' > 'Keyboard' (under System).

There you can check the configuration and see if there is anything making your arrow keys go crazy (though I guess You have tried that already).

Also here is what I might have done; flip the netbook upside down and give it a little hard pat right behind those arrow keys. It might fix if there is something stuck in those nerdy keys of yours (CAUTION: THIS WAY IS SOMETHING WHICH I AM TELLING YOU AND NOT SUGGESTING OR RECOMMENDING. DO IT AT YOUR OWN WILL)

One way how you can ensure if its a hardware issue is that you can try Ubuntu or any other OS on this netbook of yours by booting it off a USB Stick. Dont install but just try some other OS and if it will act crazy again, you will know that this is something with the hardware.

Hope this helps.


Prevent i3 from moving icons from mate panel

Setting tray_output None for all bars in your ~/.i3/config should have the desired effect. This setting disables the tray for the bars in question.

Example:

bar {
    # ...

    tray_output None

    # ...
}


How to use window menu accelerators/mnemonics in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS?

On GNOME Shell it is impossible! Welcome to the new brave world with unpredictable limits and problems!
To get these shortcuts on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and 20.04 LTS in place you can switch to:

Unity - installable with sudo apt-get install ubuntu-unity-desktop:

GNOME FlashBack - installable with sudo apt-get install gnome-panel:

MATE Desktop Environment (my favorite, as it avoids GNOMEs Hell) - installable with sudo apt-get install ubuntu-mate-desktop^:

XFCE (xubuntu-desktop^) does not have mnemonic for Always on Top, but usable and looks very nice:

Cinnamon (cinnamon-desktop-environment) have all necessary mnemonics:

KDE (kubuntu-desktop^) have mnemonics, they may be accessed from Alt+F3 (so called Window Operations Menu) - for example to keep window above others you need to click Alt+F3, M (for More Actions), A (for Keep Above Others) and menu is rich:

Openbox (openbox), LXDE / LXQT / Lubuntu (lubuntu-desktop^, lxqt) have mnemonics, they are accessed with Alt+Space:

Budgie (ubuntu-budgie-desktop^) have mnemonics, they are accessed with Alt+Space:


Perhaps you just did it with the minecraft launcher. This is also a jar file for linux. Are you sure you edited the file ~/.minecraft/bin/minecraft.jar and no other?


In Claws-mail, how to put the signature above quoted text in a reply

You can go to Configuration > Preferences > Compose > Templates > Reply
and change your reply template to
%cursor
%as
%N wrote:
%Q

That will put the cursor for replys at the top, below that the signature and then the quoted original mail.


When did I receive an LTS point-version upgrade?

16.04.2 is not another distribution compared to 16.04.1.

16.04.2 is a new ISO image that included all package upgrades that were released after the 16.04.1 ISO was made.

If you installed regular upgrades, you got all those packages upgraded. That did not happen at one date.

Finally the base-files package has been upgraded, where the /etc/lsb-release file was updated with 16.04.2. This date will not tell you anything significant.

Regarding gcc I can tell that initially it was 5.3.1-1ubuntu1 in 16.04 (without point). Now you should have the 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4.


How can Ubuntu Dash find files & folders which are not in my home folder?

This thread might help in your understanding of how this works:

Deeper Unity search indexing


Chrome showing white screen and opens in small window

Note: This answer will be incomplete without your feedback @John.

Click GNOME Settings¹ → Users → Unlock → Add User... and create a new "standard user".
Log out from your current user and log in with the "new user". Try Google Chrome under that user.
If it runs OK, then there is a problem with your "normal user"'s configuration.
You can log out from the "new user" and log back in to your "normal user". Delete the "new user" (by deleting its files too).
In your "normal user" run:
$ pgrep -ax chrome
 [ Ensure no output is produced; otherwise re-log in and retry ]
$ cd ~/.config
$ mv google-chrome google-chrome_OLD

Retry launching Google Chrome. Note: This way you will lose all the configurations, history, bookmarks, cookies etc. If you what them back, you can restore some data from the ..._OLD directory step by step.

¹ Command-line for GNOME Settings is gnome-control-center.


ZFS Pools not automatically exported on reboot

I believe this works as my pools are now automatically imported on startup whereas before they were complaining about not being exported.

I created a service to export the pools calling a helper which determines the online pools and exports them.

I would expect this to be part of the ZFS package on Ubuntu, so I'm surprised as to why this is needed.

Please correct me if I'm wrong.  I'd prefer to use an off-the-shelf setup as opposed to develop what seems like infrastructure to me.

/usr/lib/systemd/system/zfs-export.service

[Unit]
Description=ZFS Export
Before=shutdown.target
DefaultDependencies=no

[Service]
#ExecStart=/usr/sbin/zfs-export-all-pools
ExecStart=/bin/true
ExecStop=/usr/sbin/zfs-export-all-pools
RemainAfterExit=yes
Type=oneshot

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

/usr/sbin/zfs-export-all-pools
    #!/bin/bash

zpool export $(zpool list | sed -e "1d" | awk {'print$1'} | tr '\n' ' ')

Lastly, I enable the service.

systemctl enable zfs-export


Storing application preferences and data

If you are storing user data, you typically save it under $HOME/.config/$YOURAPP/ (though the user can change this, so it's better to use xdg.BaseDirectory.xdg_config_home).

If you are using Python, I recommend the ConfigParser library which makes it easy to read and write structured config file data.


How to downgrade Ubuntu 16.04.7 to 16.04.6

It's not possible to downgrade from 16.04.7 to 16.04.6 or 16.04.5. It would break too many packages. Instead of downgrading from 16.04.7 to 16.04.6 it's possible to download Ubuntu 16.04.5 and replace 16.04.7 with 16.04.5 by selecting the Erase Ubuntu 16.04 and install Ubuntu 16.04 option in the Installation type screen of the Ubuntu installer.
Unfortunately this will will completely erase your current Ubuntu installation with all programs and settings. If you are willing to take this drastic step please backup your stored personal files first. Don't select the Download updates while installing option in the Ubuntu installer, otherwise it will undo all your work by updating Ubuntu 16.04 while installing it.
Then you will be able to install Xilinx Vivado 2020.1 in Ubuntu 16.04.5.
Alternatively instead of installing Ubuntu 16.04.5 you can also install the more up-to-date Ubuntu 18.04.4 which also supports Xilinx Vivado 2020.1. You can even install Ubuntu 18.04.4 inside Ubuntu 16.04.7 as a guest OS running in a virtual machine application like VirtualBox.


Unable to open gnome-control-center in Ubuntu 18.04

sudo apt purge gnome-control-center
sudo apt clean
sudo apt install gnome-control-center

This worked, gnome-control-center dependencies to messed up while purging Nvidia drivers from the system


How do I use OAuth from an Ubuntu Touch app?

You could create an account plugin for Trello, so that a Trello account could be created from the "Online Account" panel in the System Settings. The you could use the Ubuntu.OnlineAccounts QML module to login, like this:

import QtQuick 2.0
import Ubuntu.OnlineAccounts 0.1

Rectangle {
    width: 400
    height: 300

    AccountServiceModel {
        id: accounts
        service: "trello-board"
    }
    ListView {
        id: listView
        anchors.fill: parent
        model: accounts
        delegate: Item {
            width: parent.width
            height: 60
            AccountService {
                id: accts
                objectHandle: accountServiceHandle
                onAuthenticated: { console.log("Access token is " + reply.AccessToken) }
                onAuthenticationError: { console.log("Authentication failed, code " + error.code) }
            }
            Text {
                anchors.fill: parent
                text: providerName + ": " + displayName
                MouseArea {
                    anchors.fill: parent
                    onClicked: accts.authenticate(null)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

This code will get you the OAuth token. In order to create the account in the first place, you need to create the following files:

/usr/share/accounts/providers/trello.provider
/usr/share/accounts/services/trello-board.service
/usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/trello/Main.qml

Given that Trello uses OAuth 1.0 like Flickr and twitter, just create the above files using the twitter or flickr version as a template, and modify them as needed (for the .service file, you could use flickr-sharing.service); in trello.provider you'll need to change the API endpoints as following:

<setting name="RequestEndpoint">https://trello.com/1/OAuthGetRequestToken</setting>
<setting name="TokenEndpoint">https://trello.com/1/OAuthGetAccessToken</setting>
<setting name="AuthorizationEndpoint">https://trello.com/1/OAuthAuthorizeToken</setting>

And of course, change the other fields (callback URL, client ID and secret) to match those you set when you registered your app with Trello.
If all goes well, you'll be able to create a Trello account from the "Online Accounts" panel in the System Settings.


If you disable swappiness, your RAM will get more full. If you increase swappiness, the data in RAM will get paged out to the swap partition when your ram reaches a certain level. Ram will get full but it's not always a problem. If you really want to do something about it, you can run the following command to clear your cash:

(warning: If you have installed profile-sync-daemon, close firefox and run the command sudo service psd stop before you run the following command!)

echo "3" | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

This will clear your cash even though most of the time it's not necessary especially if swappiness is enabled. People are usually alarmed when they see high RAM usage on a linux desktop but the developers insist that the system will actually run faster because what is in the ram is cached data that can easily and quickly be retrieved by the system. When the system is in heavy use, those cached files get transfered to swap.

The reason you don't see as much RAM in use as before is because Linux is designed to most efficiently make use of and take advantage of the available system resources. So, if you had 12GB of RAM you might see 8 or even 9GB of RAM use instead. Alot of the RAM in use is used for caching and is not usually necessary to run the immediate
desktop.

As for the system showing 3GB of RAM in use, run the following command and you should get a more accurate number:

free

system-monitor says I'm using 1.4GB of RAM and the actual RAM in use including buffers/cache is 2.7GB, almost twice the reported figure. This number is often much higher as the cache will sometimes grow to more than 50% of the total. Also, system monitor reports my total RAM at 4.7 when the actual number is closer to 4.9GB.

To help diagnose your issue you can install htop and iotop to get a better idea of what's going on when you have problems. To install:

sudo apt-get install iotop htop

To run:

sudo iotop

or

sudo htop

From my own experience I've always achieved better system performance using swap and have run into problems (system freezes) when swap is disabled. In fact, this is most likely why your computer freezes. Without swap, the system has no way to continue using RAM after becoming full. Turning swappiness down too low can also cause excessive paging and thrashing of the hard drive if have alot of RAM in use. This problem will sometimes show up as excessive kworker activity using iotop.


I need help unpacking evolution-3.8.0.tar.xz

Open the terminal, change directories to the directory of evolution-3.8.0.tar.xz and run:

sudo apt-get install unp
unp evolution-3.8.0.tar.xz

unp can also be used for extracting files from a .tar.gz archive while preserving the directory hierarchical structure of the archive (without needing to add any switches to the unp command).


Your login password is the same as your user password.

At the screen with a lot of writing where your boot has stopped, open a text-only virtual console by using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+F3.
At the login: prompt type your username and press Enter.
At the Password: prompt type your user password and press Enter.
After you have logged in in the console type:

sudo service lightdm start # Ubuntu 14.10 and earlier

or

sudo systemctl start graphical.target # Ubuntu 15.04 and later

and press Enter to bring up your default login screen and then login to your Ubuntu desktop environment as usual. If have a different desktop environment than the default Ubuntu Unity desktop environment, please comment so that I can change the command in Step 4.

After you have logged in to Ubuntu as usual, please check Where can I look up my update history? which tells you how to check your recent update history. Please provide information about what were the packages in your latest update, so that I can tell you how to undo the latest update.


kill Ubuntu 13.10 then install 14.04 fresh

Boot up the Ubuntu live-cd.
Open the Unity dash, and search Gparted. Run it.
Choose the drive that has your operating system on it from the list on the right-hand side.
Go to devices, and choose "create partition table". This will erase everything on the drive, so make sure to backup any of your data you want to keep.
Now on the desktop click on the Ubuntu installer icon, and proceed with the Ubuntu installation as normal. :)


When would multiple `///` be used between sub-directories?

This is answered very nicely by Gilles over at Unix & Linux:
How does Linux handle multiple consecutive path separators (/home////username///file)?

  Multiple slashes are allowed and are equivalent to a single slash.
  From the Single Unix specification (version
  3), base definitions
  §3.266
  pathname:
  “Multiple successive slashes are considered to be the same as one
  slash.”

  There is one exception: if a pathname starts with exactly two slashes,
  it may be treated differently (ref: base definitions §4.11 pathname
  resolution).
  Linux itself doesn't do this, though some applications might, and
  other unix-ish system do (e.g. Cygwin).

  A trailing / at the end of a pathname forces the pathname to refer
  to a directory. In (POSIX 1003.1-2001 (Single Unix v3) base
  definitions §4.11 pathname
  resolution,
  a trailing / is equivalent to a trailing /.. POSIX 1003.1-2008
  (Single Unix v4) base definitions
  §4.12
  removes the requirement to make it equivalent to /., in order to
  cope with non-existing directories (e.g. mkdir foo/ is required to
  work, whereas mkdir foo/. wouldn't — see the
  rationale
  for the change).

  For programs that act on a directory entry, if foo is a symbolic
  link to a directory, then passing foo/ is a way to make the program
  act on the directory instead of the symbolic link.

  ¹  Note that this applies for pathname resolution only, i.e. when
  accessing files. Filename manipulations may work differently. For
  example
  basename
  and
  dirname
  ignore trailing slashes.

In this case, I'm assuming /// is just programming over-cautiousness (some dev using / to join paths when they already have trailing or leading slashes respectively).


dns brocken, what's archive.ubuntu.com IP

Have you already tried this IP for Ubuntu?


Is there an equivalent to Win-P (Switch Video Output hotkey)?

If you have a Fn key on your keyboard, chances are good that some of the remotely intelligible glyphs in the same distinct color as the 'Fn' key already accomplish what you seek for, you'll just have to hold Fn and press F10.

For this to work, your laptop vendor must have its entry at /lib/udev/keymaps and udev must correctly detect your keyboard type.

For example, doing a grep -r switchvideomode there yields:

./module-lenovo:0x6 switchvideomode # Fn+F7
./acer:0xA9 switchvideomode # Fn+F5
./samsung-other:0x82 switchvideomode # Fn+F4 CRT/LCD (high keycode: "displaytoggle")
./fujitsu-amilo_pro_edition_v3505:0xA9 switchvideomode # Fn-F3
./fujitsu-esprimo_mobile_v5:0xA9 switchvideomode
./module-sony-vgn:0x11 switchvideomode # Fn+F7
./module-sony:0x0B switchvideomode # Fn+F7
./dell:0x8B switchvideomode # Fn+F8 CRT/LCD (high keycode: "displaytoggle")
./dell:0x8F switchvideomode # Fn+F7 aspect ratio
./dell:0x9B switchvideomode # Display Toggle button
./olpc-xo:0x69 switchvideomode # Brightness key
./module-ibm:0x06 switchvideomode # Fn+F7
./oqo-model2:0xF0 switchvideomode
./onkyo:0xF5 switchvideomode # Fn+E
./lenovo-thinkpad-usb-keyboard-trackpoint:0x90016 switchvideomode # Fn+F7
./zepto-znote:0x93 switchvideomode    # Fn+F3 Toggle Video Output
./ibm-thinkpad-usb-keyboard-trackpoint:0x900f2 switchvideomode
./fujitsu-amilo_pro_v3205:0xF7 switchvideomode # Fn+F3
./lenovo-3000:0x8B switchvideomode # Fn+F7 video
./hewlett-packard:0xEE switchvideomode # FnF4

Otherwise, you can write your own taking the nearest match as a template and maybe submit it to canonical's laptop testers for inclusion.


You can add an option to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT in /etc/default/grub to turn off the predictive names.

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="net.ifnames=0"

and you can keep the other options on that line.  This way you don't have to worry about having a 10-network.rules file with set MAC Addresses in them.

Make sure that you update the grub after modifying that line before you reboot the host.

sudo update-grub

Hope this helps!


X Window System error on Ubuntu - BadWindow > (invalid Window parameter) when using IntelliJ

I was able to get the application to run using sun jdk1.6.0_22.


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS recognizing but not playing DVD Movie

Install ubuntu-restricted-extras and libdvdread4

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
sudo apt-get install libdvdread4

then run this command.

sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

now open up VLC

Click on Media --> Open Disc untick No disc menus then click play.


"fatal error: Python.h: No Such File or Directory" when compiling python file to a c executable file?

You should install the development package of Python which contains header files and the library of Python.

sudo apt-get install python3-dev

Sources:

http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/debian-ubuntu-linux-python-h-file-not-found-error-solution/
http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/python3-dev


How to turn down Refresh Rate of secondary monitor only? (Reduce GPU usage)

As stated here you can use cvt and xrandr to change the refresh rate of your monitor.But in your case the arguments of the cvt have to be 3840x2160 24 to limit the refresh rate of your second monitor while preserving its resolution.
BUT :
Monitor refresh rate has nothing to do with the GPU utilization.In fact the framebuffer is being read by the monitor for example 60 times per second  for a 60Hz monitor , whether your GPU is rendering to it 240fps or whether it's completely idle.As far as I know the method used by the monitor to read the framebuffer is called Direct Memory Access which even doesn't require CPU cycles to do the I/O operations.
If you want to lower the load of your GPU, you can :

Limit the resolution of the second monitor via the aforementioned method , but it's a little ridiculous since you cannot use the full potential of the monitor

Move the windows that demands higher renderings (e.g games and video players , but not a solid window of a file-manager or even just a solid wallpaper for example) to the monitor with the lower resolution.

Disable some extensions and features that might use the GPU

See which processes are putting a high pressure on your GPU via nvidia-smi or nvidia-settings(i.e the program the screenshots you posted belong to) and limit the CPU usage of them via cputool as follows (you have to install the cputool package first) :

cputool -p pid_of_the_hungry_process -c maximum_cpu_usage

Limiting the CPU usage also limits the OpenGL calls that a process issues in the unit of time , so it can limit the GPU usage too.I don't know any tool (even nvidia-smi) which can limit the GPU usage directly(if somebody knows , I'm glad to hear).
No program ever begins its execution in the GPU.All programs begin with the CPU and then issue calls to the driver of the GPU via OpenGL , CUDA or OpenCL to name a few.So I think it's reasonable to limit the CPU usage.
And note that the maximum_cpu_usage in the above command for a 16 thread CPU is from 0 all the way up to 1600 . That's the maximum amount of CPU that a process on that system can use (if it has 16 threads of execution).
Limiting for example the KWin window manager to 10 in my system reduced the GPU usage from almost 32% to around 15% when moving a terminal window very fast across the whole screen.But it can cause some glitches when you move the window.
TODO : If somebody knows how to limit the frame rate of the Gnome-shell or a similar DE , I'm glad to hear.
Hope it helps.


Is it possible to modify an xml file in Terminal?

Do:

sed 's!</tomcat-users>!<user userame...../> &!' file.xml > new.xml

or

sed -i ... file.xml

to change file.xml directly.

For more complex transformation, a tool that has xml-parser would be the indicated choice.


Problems about responsiveness and keyboard/mousepad not working

This link which was suggested by Marty Fried points to an ubuntuforums.org discussion thread. The solution suggested in that thread is to update the BIOS of the Acer Aspire 5553G to v1.17.

This supposedly fixes the keyboard problem. Could this possibly apply to your situation?

The most recent BIOS available from Acer for the Aspire 5553G now appears to be v1.23 and is dated May 23, 2011. If it was me I would (1) verify that BIOS could be used on my computer and, if it could, (2) download it and (carefully!) update my BIOS.


What about life battery in ubuntu 12.04.1

I recommend installing jupiter

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/jupiter
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jupiter

http://www.webupd8.org/2010/07/jupiter-ubuntu-ppa-hardware-and-power.html

and running powertop and changing the tunables

sudo apt-get powertop
sudo powertop

https://lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/


Ubuntu 16.04 not dynamically assigning an ip address to enp5s0

Thanks for all your help, however i've made the following progress.

I ran this command to check the model number of my Ethernet Controller

lspci | grep Realtek

The output

05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101/2/6E PCI Express Fast/Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 05)

I then checked checked what driver the kernel was loading

lsmod | grep r816*

The output

r8169                  81920  0
mii                    16384  1 r8169

Seeing that they did not match i headed over to the Realtek website to get the RTL8101 Driver but they only have it for the 3.x, 2.6.x and 2.4.x kernels.

And so either I have to wait until Realtek release a driver for kernel 4.x or upgrade my hardware.

spacelander thanks for the link i learned from it

heynnema i assure you that you can connect direct and get an ip number, as I've been doing it for years and I'm sure with the correct driver I'll do it again.

Thanks & Regards
Jonny


Help updating and getting apps on Lubuntu

Open your terminal, and install Synaptic:

sudo apt-get install synaptic

After install it should be placed somewhere in menu, like Administration -> Synaptic and with it you can manage, install and update whatever packages you want. Here's the nice tutorial how to use it.

There's also "Software Center" app. It might be considered easier to install new apps with it.

sudo apt-get install lubuntu-software-center

And other way to update everything:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade


When (in-place) upgrading to 11.04 are existing installs transferred to Unity?

The default will be upgraded with your gold rules: we don't touch user tweaks, but just upgrade the defaults we already provided.

That means that if you are using the ubuntu 10.10 default (the gnome-panel session), you will be transitioned to ubuntu 11.04 default (the Unity session) on upgrade. However, if you changed your session configuration to something else in 10.10 (like starting KDE/Openbox), we don't touch that and you will be still have your user defined session after the upgrade.


Solved the problem forcing a reinstall of wireshark-common package.
Steps:

sudo apt-get purge --remove wireshark-common
sudo apt-get install wireshark-common nbox


Get the update server name using command line

This is really just a fine tuning of your approach:

cat /etc/apt/sources.list | grep deb | cut -d' ' -f2

The cut -d' ' -f2 part cuts out the second column from the line containing the word deb.


Only wallpaper, no icons or menus after update

It seems that your desktop doesn't load. As a workaround you can try to switch to console with Ctrl+Alt+F1, log in, and issue these commands:

rm -rf ~/.config/compiz-1/compizconfig/*
sudo reboot

I hope it will help you.


How to merge my root partition with unallocated space

Don't proceed unless you have a backup, in case it all goes south on you.

First, it looks like you actually have 1 physical drive /dev/sdb that is partitioned into two drives.

Second, deactivate the swap /dev/sdb5. right click on the /dev/sdb5 line, and choose deactivate/disable swap.

Third, delete the /dev/sdb5, finally deleting the extended partition.

This should then allow you to resize your / root partition.

Leave enough space to add the swap drive back.


mysql startup error '--safe-show-database' 160628 11:50:37 [ERROR]

I solved this by commenting out a few lines for safe mode in /etc/mysql/my.cnf

$sudo vi  /etc/mysql/my.cnf

[mysqld_safe]

socket     = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

nice       = 0


Traffic shaper: sfq external classifier not working as expected

I made some errors in the config. Here's the corrected version:

# Add disciplines for DL device
tc qdisc add dev $devDL root handle 1: htb default 12

# Add classes for DL device
tc class add dev $devDL parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate $bwDL ceil $bwDL quantum $quantum
tc class add dev $devDL parent 1:1 classid 1:11 htb prio 1 rate $bwPrivateDL ceil $bwDL quantum $quantum
tc class add dev $devDL parent 1:1 classid 1:12 htb prio 2 rate $bwPublicDL ceil $bwPublicDL quantum $quantum

tc qdisc add dev $devDL parent 1:11 handle 11: sfq divisor $divisor perturb $perturb
tc qdisc add dev $devDL parent 1:12 handle 12: sfq divisor $divisor perturb $perturb

tc filter add dev $devDL protocol all prio 1 parent 11: handle 11 flow hash keys dst divisor $divisor baseclass 1:11
tc filter add dev $devDL protocol all prio 2 parent 12: handle 12 flow hash keys dst divisor $divisor baseclass 1:12

# Add filters for DL device
if [ -s $filePrivate ]; then
    for ip in `grep -v "#" $filePrivate`; do
    if [ `expr index $ip :` = 0 ]; then
        tc filter add dev $devDL protocol all prio 1 parent 1: u32 match ip dst $ip flowid 1:11
    else
        echo $ip
        tc filter add dev $devDL protocol all prio 1 parent 1: u32 match ip6 dst $ip flowid 1:11
    fi
    done
fi

tc filter add dev $devDL protocol all prio 2 parent 1: u32 match ip dst 0/0 flowid 1:12
tc filter add dev $devDL protocol all prio 2 parent 1: u32 match ip6 dst ::/0 flowid 1:12

SFQ qdisc MUST have a handle, and SFQ external classifier MUST use this handle to link to it. Shaper now works as needed.


If you are not using enCRYPTED volumes or swap,  then you don't need cryptsetup, just uninstall it and reboot using the following commands:

sudo apt-get remove cryptsetup
# it's better to update and reinstall GRUB before rebooting
sudo update-grub
sudo grub-install /dev/<your_device_id>
sudo reboot

To find your device id, run:

lsblk

and locate the disk which contains a partition mounted at /boot/*. Note that you should use the device id (e.g. /dev/sda), not the partition id (e.g. /dev/sda1)

To make sure you are not using crypted filesystems please check /etc/fstab, if you see the option 'crypt' anywhere, then you require cryptsetup and what you need is to configure it properly.


Apache2 not starting : libaprutil-1.so.0 => not found

first try configure dynamic linker run-time bindings

ldconfig

If this don't solve your problem try to reinstall libaprutil1

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libaprutil1


This may be not what you are after, but if you are just after an alternative to alt tab I highly recommend super switcher.
I've used it for years and can't fault it.
Hope it helps.


Will a full install of Ubuntu 18.10 on a usb key affect the hard drive of the machines i will plug it in?

During installation, you may affect the internal drive, but now that you have the drive, it will not tamper with the internal drive by itself. I have made and used several such systems (with various versions of Ubuntu), and I am confident, that it behaves well.

But if you tell your Ubuntu to write a file to a file system in the internal drive, it will do it (if the permissions permit writing). And if you tell your Ubuntu to edit the partition table (for example to remove a partition), it will do it.

Edit: apt will only write into the own system. It will not tamper with your internal drive. update-grub will only write into the own system. but it will probably find the operating system in your internal drive and add a line for it to your grub menu.

There is one exception: If you created your Ubuntu 18.10 (and the grub bootloader) on a USB key by cloning your internal Ubuntu system, the drives will be identical, with identical UUIDs and then, when you boot, there will probably be confusion, and one or both systems might be damaged.


How can I install HP WiFi drivers for the HP Stream 13?

I have exactly the same laptop and had exactly the same issue.

The solution? Install BudgieOS on it first. This is a distribution based on Ubuntu 16.04.

This distribution has (for some reason) different or additional drivers which enable the WiFi on this laptop. Make sure you install the 3rd party drivers.

After you have installed it, you may quite like the look - it's quite different from the default Ubuntu, but I quite like it.

If you would rather the default Ubuntu look, after booting it open the Terminal by clicking the circle in the top, then Utilities then Terminal, or with the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Alt + T.

You will need to be connected to the WiFi for this, but, hopefully, you will be (yay) - so there's no issue there!

Into the terminal, type this:

sudo apt-get update

and press enter. Wait for the command to finish - it's finished when the text stops scrolling and the terminal has user@computer-name:~$ at the bottom. then type this:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

and press enter again.

This will install the Unity desktop with the default Ubuntu look. Restart the computer, and at the login screen

Wait for the command to finish (you may have to press Enter to confirm). It will take a while. Partway through the installation for me, I was logged out. I had to run these commands in the Terminal after I logged back in - but you only need to do this if you are logged out too!

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock
sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock

Now log out. Click in the top right corner, and click the lower right power button, and choose log out.

You will see this:

In the top bar, click the left most icon - a circle with a leaf shape in it:  and select Ubuntu. The icon will change, and then you log in again.

This is almost the standard Ubuntu desktop - just a couple of final tweaks to make. Click the settings icon in the sidebar and select Appearance. Then, next to the Theme label, select "Ambiance" from the dropdown.

Now click the Ubuntu icon in the upper left. Search for "Startup" and select the first result - "Startup Applications". Deselect budgie-plank and GNOME Software.

Enjoy your Ubuntu installation with working WiFi!


Dist-Upgrade - LibreOffice dependencies later than required

Finally, I managed to resolve my situation. Mark Kirby suggested that I run this command :

sudo apt-get remove --purge libreoffice*

...but i was still getting error about unmet dependencies.

BUT! I found out that if I "override" the joker and write down every libreoffice packages installed on my computer, the command gives no error, like this :

sudo apt-get remove --purge libreoffice-base libreoffice-writer libreoffice-calc

and so on. After this, I simply rerun an install and LibreOffice is back without a hitch.

Unfortunately, I didn't find a solution that isn't imply a full reinstall of LibreOffice


How to resume partial downloads using transmission?

Transmission should verify the local data automatically when the torrent started again. In case you have moved the data on another folder, you can use the set location option and point to the folder where the file is. (not the torrent file but the actual file - music,movie,iso whatever).

So, first attempt would be:

remove the torrent (not the data, the torrent file only) from transmission and add it again. It should check the data and resume automatically. Be aware that the torrent file should be exactly the same. If you don't have it, download the torrent file again(from the same site).

second attempt:

Add the torrent file manually to transmission and stop it. Then right click on that file and click the set location. Browse and point to the folder where the actual file is. Then click the verify local data option and wait until complete. Then start the download again.


rename is a command-line tool that lets you rename files, using a Perl command to transform the name. A Perl command that's commonly used in this circumstance is s/REGEXP/REPLACEMENT/.

If I interpret your question correctly, you want to add a leading 0 in the names that have fewer than 4 digits, so that all the names end up having 4 digits. This slightly complicated expression handles the general case where you have file names with 1, 2 or 3 digits: it aligns all of them to 4 digits. The e modifier at the end causes the replacement to be interpreted not as a string but as a Perl expression. This expression repeats the digit 0 as many times as necessary to pad the number to 4 digits.

rename 's/(?=([0-9]+)\.)/"0" x (4 - length($1))/e' *.png

If the files you want to rename all have three digits, there are simpler ways, such as

rename 's/[0-9]+\./0$&/' *[!0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9].png

or

rename 's/(?<=[^0-9])[0-9]{3}\./0$&/' *.png


You can also download the oficial PDF from Adobe. Just go to their website and download Adobe Reader .deb: http://get.adobe.com/br/reader/otherversions/

Because if you've disabled the built-in PDF viewer, Chrome will use Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader to display PDFs

More info on this can be found here: http://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=142056


How does installing ubuntu alonside windows work?

As system itself Ubuntu is protective and does not talk to anyone about your private life, but other topic is your behavior in internet, there you have lot's to do by yourself.

As for installing it with Win 10, there is so many tutorials available, I will not try to beat them here briefly, googling found me this and that as first results and they seem pretty adequate. I just wanted to stress, that this is pretty straightforward process and Ubuntu gives you opportunity to shrink your Windows on disk, to make room for Ubuntu. Result is called dualboot system, where on boot you can choose, to which system you want to start this time.

And you can choose, which one starts by default. One observation from me: Win updates need a lot restarting, so if Ubuntu is default, Win can't finish it's updates without your interaction.


Cannot boot after Ubuntu installation on Win 10 disk

Just open grub Loader and fix Currupted files may be Helpful

on startup just press continuously shift key
select root mode (Terminal Window)

fsck /dev/sda1 2 3 ...!  Etc   select as per your partition list.

Done.


Anyone had luck installing nvidia drivers on ubuntu 14.10?

I installed Nvidia driver in Ubuntu 14.04 and 14.10 It installed without problems but i experience some kind of bugg. My background became pixelated and some webpages are pixelated such as chrome.google.com and some pictures too.

I installed the latest driver which i downloaded from Nvidia website and i also installed it from additional drivers to see if it worked but i experienced the same bugg.
Also when i Minimize and Maximize a window, the window goes black.

I have Nvidia GeForce GT755M SLI


Well, if userA uses su to become userB, then userB is still not logged in.

However, how about this:

ps -u <username>

Then you can check $? -eq 0 to see if any processes were found belonging to that user. However, if there are any long-running processes owned by that user, then it will still show them. If that's no good, you could check for their shell.


Is network configuration necessary for ethernet?

If your ISP dynamically(DHCP) assign IP address and has no MAC filtering or ISP has your original MAC then you do not need to do anything after install ubuntu. Even ubuntu will detect your internet connection during installation. So don't worry about this.

If you have static IP (isp provided) then you just need to add them in network connection which is easy and default installed.

If your ISP provide a MAC (XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX) then add this in cloned MAC address section.


Wireless connection problem (Ubuntu 14.04)

It shows wifi as hardblocked, disabled by hardware switch, if there isn't a switch you may need to sudo modprobe -r ideapad_laptop and sudo rfkill unblock all for wifi to work

Look for a switch first, check owners manual


Seagate 4TB external hard-drive gives mounting error on Ubuntu 12.04

If you dual-boot with Windows, from Windows, you need to do 3 things...

in an administrative command prompt window, type chkdsk /f D:, replacing the "D" with the correct drive letter.
in the Power control panel, turn off Fast Start.
again, in an administrative command prompt window, type powercfg /h off.

From Ubuntu, do...

open a terminal window
type sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdf1 # replacing the "f1" with the correct drive


How to use guake at right side monitor in dual display environment

I use two monitors and wanted Guake to be displayed on the right one (where by default it is displayed on the left one).

What I did was to edit my /usr/bin/guake/ file replacing the get_final_window_rect method with this:

def get_final_window_rect(self):
    """Gets the final size of the main window of guake. The height
    is the window_height property, width is window_width and the
    horizontal alignment is given by window_alignment.
    """
    screen = self.window.get_screen()
    height = self.client.get_int(KEY('/general/window_height'))
    width = 100
    halignment = self.client.get_int(KEY('/general/window_halignment'))

    # get the rectangle just from the first/default monitor in the
    # future we might create a field to select which monitor you
    # wanna use
    monitor = 1 # use the right most monitor
    window_rect = screen.get_monitor_geometry(monitor)
    # see if we don't have another screen, and if so, use the first one
    if window_rect.width == 0:
        monitor = 0
        window_rect = screen.get_monitor_geometry(monitor)
    total_width = window_rect.width
    window_rect.height = window_rect.height * height / 100
    window_rect.width = window_rect.width * width / 100

    if width < total_width:
        if halignment == ALIGN_CENTER:
            window_rect.x = (total_width - window_rect.width) / 2
            if monitor == 1:
                    right_window_rect = screen.get_monitor_geometry(0)
                    window_rect.x += right_window_rect.width
        elif halignment == ALIGN_LEFT:
            window_rect.x = 0
        elif halignment == ALIGN_RIGHT:
            window_rect.x = total_width - window_rect.width
    window_rect.y = 0
    return window_rect

Basically, it uses 1 as the monitor index and later on, adds the right screen width to the start point display of the guake window

hope this helps!


Wifi hotspot with Broadcom BCM43227 Ubuntu 16.04

I bought a wireless card with the Broadcam chip, and as a result, after searching on the net for so long, i found out that broadcam doesn't support hospot or being an AP. Even tho it said that it worked on ur screen, i think when u'll proceed to other stuff, u'll have issues. Thats what I know so if but if ur case is different, someone may help u. And if u found out that ur wireless card doesnt support the hotspot thing, then i recommend u to buy a Tp link wireless card with atheros chip. Thanks for ur attention.


How to backup Mozilla Firefox layout configuration?

Use the Firefox sync functionality... open preferences...


I cannot launch Terminal after I upgraded to Ubuntu 17.10

I had something similar, and I solved it by re-installing gnome-terminal via TTY.

Steps :

Open TTY1 shell by pressing CTRL+ALT+F1.
Login with your credentials.
Type sudo apt purge gnome-terminal to remove existing installation, if exists.
Reinstall Gnome-terminal by sudo apt install gnome-terminal.
Exit TTY1 by pressing CTRL+ALT+F7.

If TTY1 is not accessible for any reason, try TTY2 and so on.


How to change language of a specific application?

You can change the LANG environment variable in a terminal. After that, all the applications that you launch with the new environment will follow that new locale. For example:

gedit # Will use default locale (English in your case)
export LANG=es_ES
gedit # Will use Spanish (provided it's installed)

If you don't get the Spanish translations for the application, then:

Use locale -a | grep es command to verify that Spanish is already available.
Try to set LANG to the full string returned by locale -a, that is, es_ES.utf8 instead of just es.
Use the locale command to verify the values of your locale environment variables. Depending on your configuration it might happen that LANG is being shadowed by LC_ALL or LANGUAGE environment variables. To fix that, you could set LC_ALL or LANGUAGE directly.

More information about locale environment variables can be found in the Ubuntu documentation and in the gettext manual.


Call sudo prime-select nvidia anyway. Then reboot.

That helped me in a similar situation.


You will first have to find the .rar file(s). You can use the operating system's tool for searching the filesystem to do this. You will be able to find the file(s), because they are on the same filesystem as your fully working operating system.

Then, use a tool such as 7zip or peazip to decompress any files you need.

I have no way of knowing where you could have saved the rar file(s) because I am not you. Best of luck with finding your data!


You need to install libattr1-dev to get those specific man pages:

sudo apt-get install libattr1-dev


Seeking for a better solution to restrict access in GRUB2 menu

Okay I found that variables in /etc/default/grub are read and exported by grub-mkconfig in /usr/sbin/. The following patch is what I had in mind and hopefully complies with quality requirements and coding standards for the files modified. Patch for 30_os-prober should be similar and hopefully follows tomorrow.

As explained above the variables should be defined in /etc/default/grub like so
GRUB_PWRESTRICTION_LINUX="--users user1" or so GRUB_PWRESTRICTION_LINUX="--unrestricted".

I'm looking forward to your feedback.

--- /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig-orig    2013-10-19 11:22:56.653129020 +0200
+++ /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig 2013-10-19 11:49:34.961392887 +0200
@@ -230,6 +230,12 @@
   GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK \
   GRUB_BADRAM \
   GRUB_RECORDFAIL_TIMEOUT
+  GRUB_PWRESTRICTION_LINUX \
+  GRUB_PWRESTRICTION_OS_PROBER_LINUX \
+  GRUB_PWRESTRICTION_OS_PROBER_WINDOWS \
+  GRUB_PWRESTRICTION_OS_PROBER_MACOSX \
+  GRUB_PWRESTRICTION_OS_PROBER_EFI \
+  GRUB_PWRESTRICTION_OS_PROBER_HURD

 if test "x${grub_cfg}" != "x"; then
   rm -f "${grub_cfg}.new"
--- /etc/grub.d/10_linux-orig   2013-10-19 23:28:50.195071600 +0200
+++ /etc/grub.d/10_linux    2013-10-19 23:40:17.429375336 +0200
@@ -120,9 +120,17 @@
      title_correction_code="${title_correction_code}if [ \"x\$default\" = '$quoted' ]; then default='$(echo "$replacement_title" | grub_quote)'; fi;"
      grub_warn "$(gettext_printf "Please don't use old title \`%s' for GRUB_DEFAULT, use \`%s' (for versions before 2.00) or \`%s' (for 2.00 or later)" "$GRUB_ACTUAL_DEFAULT" "$replacement_title" "gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id>gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id")"
       fi
-      echo "menuentry '$(echo "$title" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
+      if [ x"${GRUB_PWRESTRICTION_LINUX}" != x ]; then
+        echo "menuentry '$(echo "$title" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} "${GRUB_PWRESTRICTION_LINUX}" \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
+      else
+        echo "menuentry '$(echo "$title" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
+      fi
   else
-      echo "menuentry '$(echo "$os" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
+      if [ x"${GRUB_PWRESTRICTION_LINUX}" != x ]; then
+        echo "menuentry '$(echo "$os" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} "${GRUB_PWRESTRICTION_LINUX}" \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
+      else
+        echo "menuentry '$(echo "$os" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
+      fi
   fi
   echo "recordfail" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"
   if [ x$type != xrecovery ] ; then
@@ -320,7 +328,11 @@
    boot_device_id="$(grub_get_device_id "${GRUB_DEVICE}")"
     fi
     # TRANSLATORS: %s is replaced with an OS name
-    echo "submenu '$(gettext_printf "Advanced options for %s" "${OS}" | grub_quote)' \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id' {"
+    if [ x"${GRUB_PWRESTRICTION_LINUX}" != x ]; then
+      echo "submenu '$(gettext_printf "Advanced options for %s" "${OS}" | grub_quote)' "${GRUB_PWRESTRICTION_LINUX}" \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id' {"
+    else
+      echo "submenu '$(gettext_printf "Advanced options for %s" "${OS}" | grub_quote)' \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id' {"
+    fi
   fi

   linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" advanced \


What free shows is what is available for the OS to use.
As per this, the difference might have been taken by the graphics.
OTOH, lshw shows the amount of hardware RAM, which is what you see in the BIOS/Windows (which would likely also use some of the 8Gb for shared video RAM).
Note that some commands may help assessing the difference:

lshw -class memory -short (a slight modification of your command).
free -h (a slight modification of your command).
sudo dmidecode | less (showing info on the physical memory banks, etc.) You may add option --type memory.
htop
Comment #10 in this thread.
cat /var/log/kern.log | grep -i memory
cat /var/log/kern.log.1 | grep -i memory (and possibly other gzipped logs, ref)

Related:

https://itsfoss.community/t/ram-in-lshw-compared-to-free/3368
https://linuxhint.com/commands-to-manage-linux-memory/
How to find how much RAM does my computer have?
how to get graphics card memory info? windows and linux shows different value


Yup. This is exactly what I do on my laptop with two SSDs. One has Ubuntu, the other has Windows 7. I removed the Windows disk when I installed Ubuntu so I could guarantee nothing got written to it during the install.

During bootup I now just pick which drive I want to boot from.


It is not necessary to reboot into recovery. The device needs just to be booted up normally and the developer mode needs to be enabled.

The command you used looks pretty fine, so simply try your command again while the device is booted up normally.


Try installing the packages on this list: http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/haskell-platform

sudo apt-get install ghc alex cabal-install happy libghc-cgi-dev libghc-fgl-dev libghc-glut-dev libghc-haskell-src-dev libghc-html-dev libghc-http-dev libghc-hunit-dev libghc-mtl-dev libghc-network-dev libghc-opengl-dev libghc-parallel-dev libghc-parsec3-dev  libghc-quickcheck2-dev libghc-regex-base-dev libghc-regex-compat-dev  libghc-regex-posix-dev libghc-stm-dev libghc-syb-dev  libghc-text-dev  libghc-transformers-dev  libghc-xhtml-dev libghc-zlib-dev

Hope this helps!


ubuntu 12.10 The location is not a folder

Are you trying to access the device through command line or script that worked with 12.04 and previous versions?  They've changed the default mount point for USB devices so you might have to change the way you are doing things slightly to take it into account.

Previously USB devices were accessed at

  /media/volume

or

  /media/UUID

From now on it looks like these devices will need to be accessed at

  /media/username/volume

or

  /media/username/UUID

Yep, it's a pain, but I found that inserting $LOGNAME in my scripts seems to be taking care of it quickly and neatly.  For example instead of:

cp -nv /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /media/${args[0]}/archives/$release/

change to:

cp -nv /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /media/$LOGNAME/${args[0]}/archives/$release/

To repair any permissions problems make sure you own the drive and all subdirectories open a terminal window with CtrlAltt and :

sudo chown -R username:username /media/username/volume

such as:

sudo chown -R psychock7:psychock7 /media/psychoc7/BACKUP\ HDD

see if you can cd into the directories or if you get any errors.

cd /media
cd psychock7
cd backup\ hdd
cd dirname

etc.

You can use

ls

to get a directory listing, and use

ls -l

To get a long dirctory listing with extra information such as owner and access rights.


install: "countinue" button could not be seen on "keyboard layout" selection

Most likely this is related to the default screen resolution the VM is being displayed in.

When you get to the point again, take your mouse to top of dialog(menu bar), and click and hold, moving your mouse to the left, this should bring the button into view.

Alternately, Click on the Language Icon on the top bar, Mine is EN.
Select Text Entry Settings
Click on Tab: All Settings
Click on Displays
at this point, you should be able to select a resolution. I would recommend not going above 1024x768 until after the installation is complete. The apply button is at the lower right, and barely visible. click on this, and then click on the dialog which pops up, keep configuration.


Ubuntu 18 upgrade failing to login after upgrade

This is a known bug in the release version of 18.04.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-shell/+bug/1766137

The problem is that the login succeeds, but GNOME fails to launch. Here are your options:

The problem most often occurs when you type your password wrong, and then type it correctly on a subsequent attempt. If, when you mistype your password, you then click "cancel" to go back to the initial screen and choose your username again, type your password correctly, you should be able  to get to the desktop.
Some have reported that installing the latest Nvidia drivers helps. This hasn't worked for me, but you can try it.
Switch to a different display manager until it is fixed. This can be somewhat technical so I consider it out of scope for this answer.
Switch to a different desktop environment. The problem only occurs in Gnome, so you can click the gear icon in the login screen and pick "unity" instead of "gnome" and it should go away.


What "chmod 777 -R / " does in /var/www/html/.../.../.../?

Should I worry that it started to add 777 permission for all my folder starting from root(/) ?

No, no need to worry. I can guarantee it if you used "sudo" in front of it or did a "sudo -i". Otherwise it should have shown a permissions error.

In case you want to restore your system there are ways to do this but you need a current (ie. up to date with your personal data) backup system. With ACL tools ...

you can do getfacl -R > permissions.txt from / on the backup system to create a list of permissions.
On the broken machine use a live session, copy the file to / and do setfacl --restore=permissions.txt in / to restore them.

I would advise you to re-install though.


how to install android studio completely?

it might be a temporary problem with broken package.

Download Android Studio from:  https://dl.google.com/dl/android/studio/ide-zips/2.2.0.12/android-studio-ide-145.3276617-linux.zip

Download manually Android-sdk from: https://dl.google.com/android/android-sdk_r24.4.1-linux.tgz

Unpack and run the intallation steps, but instead of downloading whole SDK choose thedirectory to  existing and unpacked.


How can a user get write access to "/sys"?

You need to use sudo.  If you only want to give them permission to modify a specific value without general sudo access, then you can write a script that updates that particular value, and configure your sudoers file to allow the user permission ONLY to run that script as root.


when i install koha on ubuntu then step 3 when i click on import show error shown blew

I was presented with the same error. It appears that the error is given in an enum column in the database. For MySQL you can solve it as follows (inside the MySQL database administrator):

SET GLOBAL sql_mode = '';

When setting the mode with an empty string '' you are telling MySQL not to take into account some errors that arise when inserting data.

MySQL can operate in different modes, some modes are more restrictive than others, for example, some modes do not allow certain operations, such as division by zero or restrict the way in which the dates are represented in the database.

To see how the server is, you must log into MySQL from the command line:

mysql -u root -p

If the MySQL server does not have a password (which is not recommended), omit the -p parameter. You can then check the mode with the following command

SELECT @@GLOBAL.sql_mode;

It will return more or less similar to this:

STRICT_TRANS_TABLES, NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

You can find more information on this at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/sql-mode.html


Enforce VPN connection to access the Internet

You can use the Firestarter firewall tool to limit your outbound connections to the vpn host. It is very easy to configure, and you can toggle it on and off with a single button click.

To create such a setup, hit the Policy tab, choose Editing Outbound traffic policy, and select Restrictive by default, whitelist traffic. Then you right-click on the empty list below, and add the vpn host to the whitelist.


Ubuntu/Cordova/Android SDK: AVD Target not showing

You can try by adding this environment variable

export JAVA_OPTS="--add-modules java.xml.bind"


Static IP address for local network host

we assume you want to assign ip to eth0.
you can assign ip from terminal like this :

sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0


Even though Chrome is based on the Chromium they're still distinct and considerably different application. Their releases are not usually based on the same state of the common part of their code base.

With that in mind I'm not sure if this is possible. It may work but it definitely wouldn't work reliably as the two applications may use different cache formats.


How to make an Ubuntu installation on external HDD boot on any system?

If you installed ubuntu and grub in external HDD,
just open up the bios and choose externel HDD as primary boot device. It will boot.

If you have installed ubuntu in external HDD and GRUB in internal HDD,
you need to install grub in external HDD and follow whatever I said above.


Can i install Ubuntu 10.4 enterprise cloud in virtualbox

No you can't. UEC requires hardware virtualization, as far as I know.

You CAN use OpenNebula with software virtualization.

You're going to take a drastic performance hit running virtualization inside of virtualization though.

I haven't tested it, but if you want to try UEC on the cheap this may work.


How can I tell if launchpad is up or down or is having any network issues?

The best way to determine if launchpad is having any issues is to look at their twitter feed:

https://twitter.com/launchpadstatus

Alternatively - have a look at their blog page:

http://blog.launchpad.net


Startup/Boot from USB error, fail to boot

Taking into account that Ubuntu 20.04 only runs in 64 bit architectures and that you only want to install Ubuntu 20.04, you can simply run something similar to:
dd if=iso_image_file.iso of=/dev/sdb

Be careful and be aware that your device is "/dev/sdb", and change the ".iso" name for the name of the installation media you downloaded.
The USB musn't be mounted either, so umount the USB if your Ubuntu 14 mounts it.