How to check for executable files in a given directory and its sub-directories?

find ~ -type f -executable should work. Maybe add -exec ls -l {} \; to get user and group.


How to uninstall ChromeOS and install Ubuntu on a chromebook

I am not sure on that particular model of chromebook. I just went through the hassle of uninstalling chromeOS from my Asus c202s. Things you should provide if you want better help: Model number of chromebook and CPU Architecture. There are plenty of ways to wipe chromeOS from your machine. Each machine is unique and requires a little different process. But here is a good start for you. You need to look up how to remove the "jumper screw". But you can also just look at the mobo, you should see a screw/ screwhole on the mobo with two copper semi circles on either side of the screw. This is the jumper, the screw head shorts the two copper pads. After you have disabled write protection, you will need to go into dev mode. Once in dev mode I would go this route; install a new bios, preferably a UEFI bios but if you cannot find one that works with your machine then you can try looking for a Legacy bios.

UEFI bios

Legacy bios

After your new bios is installed you can then boot from USB.

Don't Brick, Good luck.


How to install linux-generic-hwe in ubuntu 17.10.1

HWE Kernel is prepared only for LTS releases. Reference: Ubuntu Wiki - LTS Enablement Stack

I would recommend waiting for 18.04 LTS release planned in this month and upgrade once.

Other option, check for mainline kernel as explained here which may work for you.


Can communitheme session be installed in xubuntu 18.04?

The Communitheme session, which comes with the Communitheme snap package, is for Gnome Shell, so no, it won't work in Xubuntu. The Gtk and icon themes can be installed in Xubuntu by using the Communitheme PPA.


A way to postpone the login screen/login field

Not sure why you would need to do this, but since it's been asked

The lightdm display manager provides a number of 'hooks' into the process - although the documentation is, unfortunately, spotty. Probably the most useful one in this instance is the ability to specify a greeter-setup-script which is to be run when starting the greeter:

# greeter-setup-script = Script to run when starting a greeter (runs as root)

Using this, you could do the following:

Create an script somewhere e.g. /usr/local/bin/greeter-setup-script such as

#!/bin/sh

/usr/bin/logger "starting greeter-setup-script"

/bin/sleep 70

/usr/bin/logger "stopping greeter-setup-script"

The logger lines are just for verification - you can omit them if you wish; you could also replace the sleep command with something more sophisticated such as tailing and grepping the syslog. Make the script executable:

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/greeter-setup-script

Create a custom configuration file in the lightdm configuration directory, such as /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/99-local-settings.conf, containing the entry

[SeatDefaults]
greeter-setup-script = /usr/local/bin/greeter-setup-script

If you already have a numbered customization file, or an /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf file, you may add the entry to that.

When lightdm is restarted, the delay should be visible in /var/log/syslog, for example:

Aug 23 17:12:42 xenial-vm systemd[1]: Started Detect the available GPUs and deal with any system changes.
Aug 23 17:12:42 xenial-vm systemd[1]: Starting Light Display Manager...
Aug 23 17:12:43 xenial-vm systemd[1]: Started Light Display Manager.
Aug 23 17:12:44 xenial-vm root: starting greeter-setup-script
Aug 23 17:13:54 xenial-vm root: stopping greeter-setup-script
Aug 23 17:13:54 xenial-vm systemd[1]: Created slice User Slice of lightdm.


Black screen (with mouse arrow movable) for a long time before desktop starts

I have the same problem.
The issue has been narrowed down by looking at /var/log/lightdm files. You will find the time at the beginning of each line in those files, so you will be able to spot the action that fails.

In x-0-greeter.log, I have something like that :

[+0,12s] DEBUG: user-list.vala:988: Adding/updating user user1 (<User1 Name>)
** (gnome-settings-daemon:2141): WARNING **: Unable to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files
[+55,85s] DEBUG: user-list.vala:988: Adding/updating user user2 (<User2 Name>)

The user which causes the failure is a LDAP managed one, not a local one.

I am currently investigating...


Nautilus seems to be very slow only when I use the "Faenza" theme

Use the Ubuntu tweak's janitor tool to clean the old packages, icons and cache from cruft. It could be because of too much cache. Your problem is very unique and is not an general issue. Try my suggestion it might help


Supervisor doesn't seem to be picking up directory parameter

I eventually found the issue. I noticed in the documentation that the directory parameter is only used when daemonizing.

In supervisor 3.0, this was the default; apparently after upgrading ubuntu and supervisor, this default behaviour got changed and supervisor ran with the -n flag on the command line.

Removing this flag in systemd crashed the daemon for some reason, while running supervisord from the commandline worked perfectly. Chosing the easy way out because I wanted to continue with more important stuff, I downgraded supervisor to 3.0 and everything worked like a charm again.


Is there a difference between the '&&' and ';' symbols in a standard BASH terminal?

With this line:

command1 && command2

command2 will be executed if (and only if) command1 returns exit status zero, whereas in this line:

command1 ; command2

both command1 and command2 will be executed regardless. The semicolon allows you to type many commands on one line.


Ubuntu 18.04 desktop frozen after login (mouse doesn't move, keyboard unresponsive)

Nvidia

You have Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 with driver 440.44. The current is 440.64 and can be downloaded from https://www.geforce.com/drivers

Memory

Make sure that your 64G memory is clocked at 2666 MHz.

BIOS

You have BIOS 1.07.09-1. The System76 web pages don't call out specific BIOS versions, but rather, have BIOS check/update page at https://support.system76.com/articles/system-firmware/

Update #1:

The user ended up reinstalling the kernel and Nvidia drivers using the System76 repos, and it's all working now.


VirtualBox: Could not get the storage format of the medium

Short answer: The discard option is not officially supportet.

I found out, it totally broke the vdi.


"failed to retrieve share list from server: file already exists" (Can't access samba shares after 18.04) update

Initially I found a workaround, typing the full name of the samba share on the address bar give me access to the directory. Apparently there is a related bugreport: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/thunar/+bug/1762211

And here is the full solution:

sudo apt install smbclient

and then edit /etc/samba/smb.conf right under the workgroup = WORKGROUP line and add this line to change the default:

client max protocol = NT1

Reference:
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2384959


Can switch bluetooth profile only after 3 times restarting bluetooth

Try it from the command line. You can use pacmd to change audio options. The command for changing the default output sink is

$ sudo pacmd set-default-sink "OUTPUTNAME"

The command for changing the input is

$ sudo pacmd set-default-source "SOURCENAME"

I think the problem could be that you may not have sudo privileges. However, I am not sure if pacmd requires root privileges. Try it and tell me if it works.

If you do not know the name of the sink you want, try listing them

$ sudo pacmd list-sinks

If you need any further help, just let me know in the comments.


Being that you installed via DVD I can only help but wonder, was your original OS Windows 8+?
If so you may just be encountering the common boot loader error.

Try this:

Restart your computer
Press F2 (or whatever F key your manufactured designated) to load up the BIOS setup
Navigate to the 'Security' Section and change 'Secure Boot' to Disabled
Navigate to the 'Boot' Section and change the 'Boot Mode' to CSM (or BIOS/Legacy depending on your manufacturer)
Finally press F10 (or whatever F key your manufacturer designated) to 'Exit Saving Changes'

This should work. If you still experience the Black screen try one last time to reinstall Ubuntu to ensure that everything is correctly installed.

Hope this answer helped :)


Some of the free space is reserved blocks, 5% of the total size by default, which in your case, makes about 33GB. That's probably much more then necessary, so you might want to reduce it to 1%, and to do that, run:

sudo tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda6

The df -h command should show about 43GB free for /dev/sda6


With LXTerminal version 0.3.1 open,

Right-click anywhere in the terminal's window (but not in the title bar, scrollbar, etc). A context menu appears.
Click on Preferences > Display and uncheck Hide menu bar.


You could try Fingerprint-GUI:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:fingerprint/fingerprint-gui
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libbsapi policykit-1-fingerprint-gui fingerprint-gui

Warning

When you install the policykit-1-fingerprint-gui package, it will replace/uninstall policykit-gnome (or which ever equivalent environment you're using).  Make a note of which is it, so that you can reinstall it if something goes wrong.


Why does Firefox suddenly keep asking "Do you want to run 'START.htm', or display its contents?" on htm and text files?

This behavior happens when you double click on an executable file. Looks like this HTML file is marked as executable. You can check it right clicking on the file, selecting properties and checking the security tab.

If this file is stored in a NTFS partition, the partition has no concept of executable files. As it, the execute permission of all the files on that partition will be determined at mount time by options. It looks likely that when you played with ntfs-config you have set it so all files in that partition are executable.

As you have commented ntfs-config lacks any option to remove partitions from it, you should manually edit /etc/fstab to get the options that you want:

You can remove all entries marked as ntfs in your fstab. That way Ubuntu will revert to its default behaviour. The file will be something like this:

proc    /proc   proc    nodev,noexec,nosuid 0   0
#Entry for /dev/sda9 :
UUID=1c4cd258-c17f-4757-a6fc-4bf0f958a9d6   /   ext4    errors=remount-ro   0   1
 -8 0   0
#Entry for /dev/sda10 :
UUID=a2fd0541-75b9-4ccb-8a51-f6074e042a37   none    swap    sw  0   0

You can add 'noexec' as an option to every line that refers to a ntfs partition. This should result in your desired behaviour: partitions will automount at boot and double clicking on a file will open it in its editor. Each line should look like this:

UUID=7C5639D8563993BC   /media/sda2 ntfs-3g defaults,noexec,locale=en_US.UTF-8 0   0


.bashrc alias for a command with fixed second parameter

Use function instead of alias, defined in .bashrc

nano ~/.bashrc

# put inside .bashrc:
trash() {
  for item in "$@" ; do
    echo "Trashing: $item"
    mv "$item" /home/$USER/.local/share/Trash/files
  done
}

Then in shell prompt you can use:

$ trash file1 file2


How do I install ubuntu 14.04 in about 35 GB unallocated space?

It's quite easy. The installation guide is here:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/GraphicalInstall


macbook pro retina refit problem after Mavericks update

rEFIt just launches GRUB; there's no real "sync" between the two programs. Chances are you've got a BIOS-mode GRUB installation with a hybrid MBR to tell the Mac's firmware to activate its BIOS (aka CSM or legacy) support. This is a poor way to do things because it's dangerous and it can create problems like the one you've encountered. I recommend you instead try an EFI-mode boot of Linux using another boot loader. If you're using a 3.3.0 or later kernel, you can do this directly by upgrading to rEFInd (a fork of rEFIt that I maintain; rEFIt has been abandoned for close to four years now):

Install rEFInd in OS X. (Alternatively, you can test this from rEFInd on a USB flash drive or CD-R, although some Macs have problems booting these images. These images include all the necessary filesystem drivers, so you needn't install them for such a test.)
Install the EFI filesystem driver for whatever filesystem holds your kernel (normally ext4fs).
When you reboot, select one of your Linux kernels, press Insert or F2 twice, and add ro root=/dev/sda6. (It's probably /dev/sda6, given the information you posted; but if it's something else, change that appropriately.) When you press Enter, Linux should boot.
In Linux, run the mkrlconf.sh script that comes with rEFInd. Be sure to run it as root or by using sudo. This step creates a file called /boot/refind_linux.conf that holds kernel options, thus obviating the need to edit them, as in the previous step.

Thereafter, you should be able to boot Linux directly from rEFInd without using GRUB and without editing the boot options via F2/Insert. You may even want to replace your hybrid MBR with a standard protective MBR. (Don't do this if you're triple-booting with Windows, though.)

You can check out my page on EFI installations of Ubuntu on Macs for more on this topic; but that page is written for somebody doing a fresh installation. Thus, it covers much more than you need to do.


as you mentioned you dont have a GUI you can try out CLI browsers. many browsers are there among them I always choose lynx and you can install it by using

sudo apt-get install lynx-cur

make sure that you have placed  your first.php file in the proper location.

then check with your .php file.

I mean I have tested it like this

jai@frank-Jai:~$ lynx 127.0.01
Looking up  '127.0.01' first

there 127.0.0.1 indicates the local server.

then it will display output as

for example if you have written a .php script then you execute it as

php script:

root@frank-Jai:~# cat /var/www/ho.php
<html>
<body>

<?php
echo "My first PHP script!";
?>

</body>
</html>
root@frank-Jai:~#

Then I am placing it in the /var/www/ directory with some name. in my case it is po.php . then you cane execute it as

lynx 127.0.0.1/ho.php

and output will be

hope that helps you too understand how to execute a php script.


Howto burn an Audio-CD DIRECTLY from mp3?

The default music player, Rhythmbox in Ubuntu, supports burning an audio CD, from anything in your music library which it can normally play.


If I get the question right, you want a folder's content to be deleted on boot.
The script could look like this:

#!/bin/bash
folder=/your/folder/here
rm -r "$folder"/*

To use it you only change the second line: replace /your/folder/here with the folder you want wiped. Then copy/paste it into an empty text file (not using something like libreoffice or Open Office, but with something like gedit). Save it as whateveryouwant.sh. Right click on it, go to "Properties"->"Permissions" and check the box to make it executable.

There are lots of options to run it at system start up. There should even be a graphical tool in Ubuntu to let stuff run at log in, that might be easiest if you don't need it earlier.


Install VB6 (Visual basic 6 ) without using wine

Take a look at Mono for VB.Net support Under Linux (at my knowledge, it's the closest solution to VB6 you'll get) (the IDE is called Monodevelop).


Software from Ubuntu Software broken after install

If a snap package (example: my-snap-package) fails to open after installing it, run the following commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo snap refresh
sudo snap revert my-snap-package
sudo snap refresh my-snap-package
setsid my-snap-package

If that doesn't work run the following additional command:

sudo apt install --reinstall snapd


How to build a deb package of a project on github?

There's checkinstall, it builds a package from sources.

Read up on it here: https://wiki.debian.org/CheckInstall


Change Unity's indicator messages envelope color from blue

The indicator is not coded to be a specific colour, instead it switches from the indicator-messages stock icon to the indicator-messages-new stock icon.

In the ubuntu-mono-light and ubuntu-mono-dark themes, the -new version happens to be blue.  Other icon themes use different colors.

If you want, you can modify the icon svg from the Ambiance theme:

gksudo gedit /usr/share/icons/ubuntu-mono-dark/status/16/indicator-messages-new.svg

Search for #19b6ee (the blue color used by default) and change it to the color of your choice.


Boot into the kernel you want to keep and run:

sudo aptitude hold linux-image-`uname -r` linux-image

You might have to remove the newer kernel version manually. You can see what's installed with this:

dpkg -l | grep linux-image

And then

sudo apt-get remove linux-image-version-blah

Alternatively, you can do most of this by clicking around in Synaptic which might be a preferred option if you're not sure what you're doing.


Use pip3 to do it:

sudo apt install python3-pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip --user
pip3 install --upgrade ipython --user

Available versions are: 5.4.1, 6.1.0

https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ipython


Good desktop drawing program other than Nautilus?

My personal favorite alternative to Nautilus is "thunar"

sudo apt-get install thunar

Use thunar to start it up.

The following is from webupd8.org titled "install nemo with unity patches"

Warning: do not use the following PPA if you're using Linux Mint or you've installed Cinnamon from the stable or nightly PPAs! Also, if you've added one of these two PPAs, remove it before using the WebUpd8 Nemo PPA even if you didn't install Cinnamon, or else the Nemo version in the WebUpd8 Nemo PPA might be overwritten.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/nemo
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nemo nemo-fileroller

By default, Nemo only displays thumbnails for files smaller than 1 MB. To change this, from the Nemo menu select Edit > Preferences and on the "Preview" tab, under "Other Previewable Files", set "Only for files smaller than" to the size you want.

To install all the Nemo extensions (remove the extensions you don't want to use from the command below!) use the following command:

sudo apt-get install nemo-compare nemo-dropbox nemo-media-columns nemo-pastebin nemo-seahorse nemo-share


To start using this function you need to create a file /etc/systemd/sleep.conf with the next content:

[Sleep]
HibernateDelaySec=3600

Then you can test it by command:

sudo systemctl suspend-then-hibernate

(you can edit HibernateDelaySec to reduce delay to hibernate).
If all works fine you can change Lid Close Action, to do it you need to edit the file /etc/systemd/logind.conf

You need to find option HandleLidSwitch=, uncomment it and change to HandleLidSwitch=suspend-then-hibernate.
Then you need to restart logind service(wirning! you user session will be restarted) by the next command:

systemctl restart systemd-logind.service

Thats all! Now you can use this nice function.


That would Ambiance and Radiance, along with a HighContrast accessibility theme. The first two are provided by the light-themes package, a dependency of the ubuntu-artwork package which brings in the default themes, wallpapers and other art.


Startup device error status: { DRDY ERR } and error: { ABRT }. What could it be?

Changing SATA settings from IDE to AHCI in BIOS worked for me.


Asking for HDD encryption password when Ubuntu wakes up

This is not possible. When you encrypt a drive, the encryption key is temporarily stored in RAM. When you shut down your computer or put it into hibernation, the RAM is powered down, and the key is lost, meaning you will have to provide it again when you want to continue using the system. When you put the system into sleep mode, the RAM stays powered on and the encryption key stays in memory. The laptop will not ask you for the password again since it already has it.

A sleeping computer is less secure from an encryption security standpoint than a computer that is in hibernation or is powered down. Since the key is still in memory, the only thing protecting the contents of the drive is the code running which tells the computer to refuse access if the login password is not entered. Unlike a computer that is powered down, a sleeping computer does not benefit from the mathematical protection provided by the encryption algorithm itself, which is considered unbreakable when a proper password is used. All sleep is is a special standby mode the CPU goes into to conserve power. The computer is still on during sleep, just saving power.

If a computer is sleeping and the encrypted drive is unlocked, an attacker could try to hack the computer and steal the encryption key. They may try a cold boot attack where they freeze and remove the memory modules. They may connect a debugging probe to the motherboard and hijack the CPU. If a computer is actually off, then they cannot do any of this. The only way they could access the drive contents is if your password is weak enough that they (or an automated program) could guess it. This is a property called data-at-rest security, which encryption provides. The data itself is only secure if it is at-rest on a powered down machine, not a machine which is sleeping.


I use aptitude on the command line for everything in ubuntu. I always install the toolchain test builds so I can get all versions of gfortran (I have to support down to 4.9). Here's how I get them on a new install of ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install aptitude
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo aptitude install gcc-7 g++-7 gfortran-7

You can add whatever other versions you want in there (https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-toolchain-r/+archive/ubuntu/test).

I know this is a really late reply, but I just had to install 16.04 after an update to 14.04 destroyed my proprietary nvidia drivers (or maybe it was the other way around).


Why doesn't LibreOffice work with the HUD?

If you install lo-menubar , then the HUD  works with LibreOffice. It's the same mechanism.

It hasn't been used by default because it hasn't been stable enough. But whether or not it will be default by the time 12.04 is released, I don't know.

Why isn't lo-menubar installed by default in LibreOffice?


Thanks for raising this issue, it seems to be a bug on our end. I have reported it so you can follow its progress: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntuone-servers/+bug/923726


Is there a way to set/change proxy in synaptic package manager from terminal?

It's stored in the /root/.synaptic/synaptic.conf file,  you can see an example in the following script

http://ubuntuone.com/4PXwbNWmNj5kK9AUkEb9fF

Have fun :)


Static libraries are libraries used by binaries at compilation time. They are usually not used again in the runtime as they are linked with the compiled binary at the compilation time and become part of the binary itself.

Also, in implementation, these are not shared among binaries, only the binary that is compiled with specific static library(ies), uses that(those). So in application, these are the quite opposite to the statically linked libraries.

Note that, the static libraries end in .a while the dynamic libraries end in .so.


Ubuntu 12.04 Server ping gateway responds with destination host unreachable

Your broadcast, network, and netmask do not agree.  Using the netmask you specified, the broadcast and network addresses are not on the same subnet as the IP address and gateway you specified.  You probably are using the wrong netmask, and it should be 255.255.255.0 rather than .240.


First use the route command to find out what your current routing table looks like. It will probably look somewhat like this:

$ route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         192.168.18.1    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
192.168.18.0    *               255.255.255.0   U     1      0        0 eth0
10.124.64.0     *               255.255.255.0   U     1      0        0 wlan0
...

Now you will want to replace the default gateway by a gateway on the 10.124.64/24 net. You can find out its IP by running route when eth0 is disabled or unplugged. Assuming it is the .1, you would then execute:

route del default
route add default gw 10.124.64.1

If you want to automate this, you could add these commands to an up statement in the appropriate stanza in /etc/network/interfaces (see man interfaces).

DISCLAIMER: route is considered old fashioned and I ought to be doing this using the ip route command; the effect however is identical. Also, adding an up statement to /etc/network/interfaces may be perceived by some as pre-historic. I'll be happy to upgrade my knowledge.


Grub rescue after trying a reinstall (parallel boot with Windows 7)

Use the boot-repair CD. It'll restore GRUB.


Is it possible to use Microsoft Exchange Calendar with Ubuntu?

I had this problem. If you just start typing, the greyed out URL will disappear and you will be able to enter your own URL.


If one for instance server is running on windows can client be on Ubuntu?

The TCP/IP suite is the TCP/IP suite. It does not matter if that runs on Ubuntu, Windows or any other OS. The data on the network is in a well described format, regardless of the OS or even the CPU's Endianness.

  Can I just write the code in eclipse compile and run it or I need first to perform some configuration in terminal window for Linux?

To use TCP over IP (or UDP over IP, or ICMP) you will need to configure the network the regular way. There is nothing special of different between you have learned how to do that in windows or in a Linux distribution.

  I want to understand and learn how to send data wireless form one PC to another without using ROUTER in a middle if it's possible?

That is called an ad-hoc wireless network. Your wireless cards needs to support that.

  And with router in a middle then it suppose to be simpler I think

I assume that with router you mean a wireless access point?
Because a normal router does not do wireless.

(Disclaimer: many devices are a combination of (Fibre|ADSL-)modem, router and wireless access point. However these are still separate function and you really should understand how things work.)

I suggest that you start with learning the basic way how TCP/IP works and then look up how wireless works. If you still have problems after that come back and ask a specific single question.

This is a nice place to start.


As far as I remember, address book named personal is made from EDS. Please try to delete it and then in next start-up it will be re-created. On the other hand, you should have an other address book named Personal Address Book which is the "working" address book.

Update: Since this does not solve the problem, I propose to try and create an empty profile:

start TB with profile manager in terminal:

  thunderbird -profilemanager

Then create a new profile. In next screen give a name to the new profile and locate the folder for the profile. There you can point to new folder and then import any data from old profile you wish. But at this point, the problem of the EDS address book (personal) should be solved because it should be repopulated.

You can actually make more than one profiles for backing up purposes.

The address book file is located in your profile folder and is named abook.mab. You may decide to make a backup copy in an other directory.

Update 2: Re-install EDS. In Synaptics package manager, search for evolution, and re-install evolution-data-server-common, evolution-data-server, libebook-1.2-12, libedataserver-1.2-15, libedata-book-1.2-11 & gnome-contacts (if installed) packages


Install the package cmake-curses-gui. You can install it by clicking the below image:

Or by executing the following in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install cmake-curses-gui


How to create a launcher for for JetBrains Gogland

You can try to create a desktop file similar to the rest of Jetbrains products, something like this:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Gogland
Icon=/opt/Gogland/bin/gogland.png
Exec="/opt/Gogland/bin/gogland.sh" %f
Comment=The Golang IDE
Categories=Development;IDE;
Terminal=false
StartupWMClass=jetbrains-gogland

Anyway, Jetbrains IDE's usually comes with a builtin option to create launcher shortcut from its startup/initial screen. I think it's the best and simpler solution.


Ubuntu 12.04 will default to Ext4.  See image below (Taken during installation, and choosing something else at install type screen).


The destination to which CPAN installs modules can be changed by setting its options (run o conf in the CPAN shell):

makepl_arg         [INSTALL_BASE=/home/gokcehan/.perl5]
mbuildpl_arg       [--install_base=/home/gokcehan/.perl5]

To let CPAN and Perl search for modules in the given path, set the environment variable PERL5LIB:

PERL5LIB=/home/gokcehan/.perl5:/home/gokcehan/.perl5/$arch

where $arch is the output of

use Config;
print Config->{archname};


You can do that with ffmpeg and imagemagic. Install them if they are not installed on your PC.

Do these steps in your terminal:

1. Create a directory for trying this solution, you better make a duplicate copy of the videos before trying this.

mkdir temp

2. Copy all of your images to that directory temp you have created.

cp *.JPG temp/.

3. Set the resolution of your images.

mogrify -resize 800x800  temp/*.JPG

4. Convert them to be get morphed for soft transitions and and make them a mp4 video.

convert temp/*.JPG -delay 10 -morph 10 temp/%05d.jpg
ffmpeg -r 25 -qscale 2  -i temp/%05d.jpg output.mp4

ffmpeg is not in the repositories for Ubuntu 14.04, but is in 15.04!

source: http://www.itforeveryone.co.uk/image-to-video.html


have upstart job prevent different job from stopping

So after digging through the upstart source code, the only time an upstart script can abort an operation is in the 'pre' phase (pre-start/pre-stop). When you use a trigger such as start on stopping foo, the service receives the event after the pre-stop phase for 'foo', so you cannot start it back up without it first stopping.

However when you have a start on stopping foo condition, you the 'foo' service wont stop until the service listening to the event finishes. So what I ended up doing is simply looping forever until the condition I'm checking is met. It's not the greatest solution but it works.

An alternate solution would also have been to create a .override file for the service and put a pre-stop script in the override. The condition could then be checked in the pre-stop and issuing a start will keep the service from stopping.

Unfortunately this doesn't quite work for me due to other complicated reasons, but it might be an option for anyone else trying to do this.


Gnome Shell: Move windows to front on launch (No more "... is ready to use" notifications)

GNOME extension: "Steal My Focus"
There is an extension for Gnome 3 called "steal my focus" by  sstent.
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/234/steal-my-focus/
It solves the exact problem you're having.


Need to give swap space as didn't give it while installation

First you must to free up some space and make a swap partition using a program like GParted.

After you made a new swap partition, follow this answer: https://askubuntu.com/a/33700/147044.

To calculate the size of swap partition, use this answer: https://askubuntu.com/a/49138/147044.


Window snapping changes in Tweak Tool not taking effect

I posted this on Ubuntu Forums and got a good workaround (Use CCSM instead of Tweak Tool). Details can be found here

EDIT (Copy instructions from linked page):

Install CCSM

From terminal: sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
Or you can install it from the Software Center
Open it up and go to: Window Management → Grid
Then click on the "Corners / Edges" tab and configure away.


How do I get a notification bubble when I get new mail in Evolution?

May be you need to install Evolution Indicator which can be easily done by dropping the next in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install evolution-indicator

Provide your user password and wait for the installation process to finish, this should take a minute or two.

Then remove the "Indicator applet" from your panel and add it again in order to the panel get the news of the new installed mail indicator.

Reboot your machine.

After rebooting, the "Setup Mail" icon will be in the list of the Indicator Applet icons, clic on it and it will emerge the Evolution Mail client, after which you can set up your mail services and when finished, the evolution indicator will work as we are used to.

Source: How to install evolution and evolution indicator applet in Israel Remix Team


You created only item for submenu, not submenu.
This can be done in this way:

//adding a submenu:
//creating submenu
GtkWidget *submenu1 = gtk_menu_new();
GtkWidget *submenu1_item = gtk_menu_item_new_with_label("SubMenu1");
gtk_menu_item_set_submenu(GTK_MENU_ITEM(submenu1_item), submenu1);

//adding submenu to main menu
gtk_menu_shell_append(GTK_MENU_SHELL(indicatormenu), submenu1_item);

//adding an option to the submenu
GtkWidget* submenu1_option;
submenu1_option = gtk_menu_item_new_with_label("Submenu option!");
gtk_menu_shell_append(GTK_MENU_SHELL(submenu1), submenu1_option);


The DirectShow error tells us that you're running on Windows and most of the time, newlines are coded with \r\n on this platform.

Before assigning the item source path, remove the extra  \r:

list[i+1] = list[i+1].replace(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/gm,"");
item.source = String(list[i+1])


How to screen record only one workspace or selected workspaces in Ubuntu 18.04?

As pointed out by @doug in comments, screen recording softwares are usually workspace-agnostic in the sense that they don't have any concept of workspaces and record whatever is currently on your screen(s) or monitor(s) (either the full display or an allocated area or window).

So if you want to record only one workspace, just do not switch to other workspaces while recording. The video you added to your question also shows the same behaviour.


ok its quite a while ago... but until today i was searching for the answer, had SAME problem... gnome made it. here you find it->

https://www.rubysecurity.org/ubuntu_unity-black-background

have a nice wallpaper-day,
mat


How to Repair Persisent Live USB made using mkusb

When the check is successful, you should also be able to boot the persistent live drive in live-only mode, 'Try Ubuntu'. (You can try that).

I think the problem is that some system data saved in the casper-rw partition is corrupted. You should backup your home directory to another partition or even better to another drive. (Usually the home directory is healthy.)

Then it is probably enough to remove all directories and files from the casper-rw partition, and after that restore the home directory.

You will have to re-install program packages that you had installed, but personal files and settings (stored in your home directory) will survive.

If the file system itself is corrupted in the casper-rw partition you should create a new ext4 partition (and remove journaling if you want to decrease the wear of the memory cells). And then restore the home directory and re-install program packages.

But I find it easier to create a fresh persistent live drive and restore the home directory and re-install program packages.


Ubuntu 18.04 won't show desktop after login

This is a known bug that's listed in the release notes. This bug affects me, please click the button at the top of the bug to say that it affects you too. The workaround is to click Cancel after entering an incorrect password and then to re-enter your password. Also, if you are able, please keep an eye on this bug and help GNOME get the logs they need to fix the issue! :)


Where are the Unity images located, can I access them?

You can find some of the images Unity uses in /usr/share/unity/themes. You can try editing these. For other things like the top panel, windows and general icons (stuff you can theme under normal GNOME), check out a site like GNOME-Look.org for a wide variety of pre-made themes, some of which were designed with Unity in mind.


Ubuntu partition changes not showing in Windows 10

Thanks to Guiverc for pointing this out. The problem was due to the fast-boot being enabled. Turning this off shows all the right healthy partitions.


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Dock Customization is not working

@Gryu and I had a discussion about what could wrong with this. We tried several things. However, what fixed was accepted answer from How to fix Unity locked disabled settings? even though Ubuntu 18.04 doesn't have Unity.

I typed the command:

mv ~/.config/dconf/ ~/.config/dconf.bak

and all the lock were disabled upon reboot, I was able to change the background, change the location of the taskbar, etc.

I investigated on what had happened in the midst of this problem. It looks cloning the disk copies everything bit by bit but user id is changed.

These three questions helped me: How to migrate user settings and data to new machine?

Problem after cloning disk

How to fix Unity locked disabled settings?

I also later tried to diff backed up dconf and newly generated one after rebooting, and it looks like this:

It means something may have remained from the original disk which may have caused some kind of checksum to fail (not sure about technical details here). I hope this helps others as well.


How to change cups-pdf default directory

it does not accept symlinks
note that this method will change the behaviour for every users
this is why you may have to use one of these variables:

${HOME} will be expanded to the user's home directory
${USER} will be expanded to the user name

in this example, the output will go to ~/MyDocs/PDF
so you have to change the path according to your needs

1. Edit cups-pdf.conf

gksudo gedit /etc/cups/cups-pdf.conf

find and comment out this line (by adding # in front):

Out ${HOME}/PDF

like this:

# Out ${HOME}/PDF

then, add this line right below

Out ${HOME}/MyDocs/PDF

2. Edit usr.sbin.cupsd

gksudo gedit /etc/apparmor.d/local/usr.sbin.cupsd

add at the end of the file, edit the lines beginning with @{HOME} to match your desired location

@{HOME}/MyDocs/PDF/ rw,
@{HOME}/MyDocs/PDF/* rw,

reboot to activate the changes


I ran into that in the past with ubuntu 10.10 on a couple of computers.  The solution for me was to use the alternate installation cd instead.  It worked like a champ.


Oh, that ever-annoying app-menu!  Thanks, @vasa1, that seems to have done the trick.  If anyone else runs into this, the solution is to paste this in a terminal window:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings overrides '@a{sv} {"Gtk/ShellShowsAppMenu": <int32 0>}'

I didn't have to reboot or logout.  As soon as I restarted gedit, the Preferences menu item was available.

(Bonus points to anyone who know what that arcane @a{sv...} text means!?)


Why does Ubuntu One address book not work in Evolution?

The UbuntuOne contacts in evolution use a couchdb file (desktopcouch) which is normally hidden from you. If this file is missing then the url will be invalid.

It could also be a bug since it should be clever enough to create an empty couchdb if it's missing. I wonder what would happen if you run the desktop couch stuff from the command line.


Ubuntu 20.04 Keyboard Not Working on Login Screen

I turned off Slow keys and Bounce Keys in the accessibility menu and all is well. I have no idea how that stuff was turned on...now I do: my kids.


How should I synchronize configurations and data across computers?

Apps like f-spot, thunderbird, and google-chrome all use some form of binary database to store their data. Trying to sync things like this where there's the possibility of the same app accessing/modifying the file at the same time could get really messy.

Instead you want to look for application-specific solutions.

With thunderbird, I would say use IMAP. If you don't have it, GMail supports it. You could have thunderbird upload all your email there, or better yet, have GMail pull in email from your other accounts. You also gain pretty decent webmail and a great spam filter for free.
Firefox has (amongst other things) Firefox Sync.
Chrome has a sync feature built in, documented here.
F-Spot is tougher. Perhaps consider something to sync the files but not the database. This would mean you'd need to scan for new files all the time but only if you needed to use F-Spot on every computer.

You could limit yourself to using F-Spot on one computer and just accessing the files on the others. Of the three, the F-Spot database is the most fragile so be careful if you do share the database file.


What should my MAC address be? (now shows 00:00:00:00:00:00)

Try this from a terminal:

ifconfig

Your MAC address is the one after HWaddr.
If it is 00:00:00:00:00:00 I think something is wrong with either the hardware or the driver.

If you somehow erased your MAC-address from the network settings you can get it back by writing this in the terminal:

sudo lshw > lshw.txt
write password when prompted for it

this takes approximately 20 seconds.
gedit lshw.txt

Now you are looking at a list of all your hardware. But we only want the networking specs. Do a search for "network". A couple of lines under that line, there should be a line like this:

serial: 01:21:ee:de:01:11

Only your numbers will be different. This is the MAC-address. Copy that address, and paste it into the network settings. Then you should have restored your original MAC-address.


Search for WINE on Dash home. Then you will find a software named Uninstall Wine Software. Open the software and you'll find all of your wine software there. Then simply uninstall it.


Ubuntu Server 18.04.1 - error in network definition when trying to set static IP with sudo netplan apply

gateway4 takes an address, not a list of addresses. So the syntax should be:
        gateway4: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx


It seems that the xenial package has been deleted:
http://ppa.launchpad.net/fossfreedom/rhythmbox/ubuntu/dists/
http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/package/core/xenial/universe/proposed/rhythmbox


bash error while installing from command line

Asterisk is in the default repositories for all currently supported versions of Ubuntu. To install Asterisk the right way open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install asterisk

See how easy it is to install Asterisk the right way, and Asterisk which is installed by apt will be updated automatically when updates become available like any other software from the default Ubuntu repositories.

There's no point in installing an Asterisk .rpm file in Ubuntu, but installing Asterisk the wrong way anyway would require changing a few things.

Instead of nget use wget.

wget -c http://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/telephony/asterisk/asterisk-15-current.tar.gz

Install yum with the following command:

sudo apt install yum

Install pip with the following commands:

sudo apt install python3-pip # for Python 3.x
sudo apt install python-pip  # for Python 2.x


[SOLVED] A friend suggested me the solution. The problem was the FILE CODEC. Smartphones often use H264 codec that are awful to decode on the fly, so preview will hang even with a decent hw. Ironically, a 100 Mb video file from a smartphone (LG G3 in my case) can be heavier to decode on the fly than a 1 Gb file encoded with Xvid (wich probably isn't the best option for a video edit, but at least prevents sluggishness).

I'm stuck with the SAME problem!

And I've got notable hw specs:

Xeon E3-1241v3 quad core 3.5

16 Gb RAM 1600

SSD

VGA MSI GTX 970 oc

I've tried EVERY editor available so it's not a sw-specific problem.
I think it's a NVIDIA driver issue, or a kernel issue, or a OS issue.

Too bad that pro video editing on Linux lacks a pretty decent solution because of structural problems.


Use dd.

 sudo dd if=input.iso of=/dev/sdx

where  input.iso is the input file and /dev/sdx is the USB device you're writing to. This method is fast and has never failed me. Note: that the 'x' depends on the actual device the usb mounts as.


Backup or copy the profile's directory to where you want to save it to (for backup) or where you want to copy it to for new usage.

You can find the exact profile folder by looking at your profiles.ini file.  It'll be the "Path=" parameter in the profiles.ini file.  Copy that folder to a new Thunderbird installation and edith the "profiles.ini" to point to it and you're all set with the same settings and content from your previous install.

On Windows 7 or Windows 10 you can find the profiles.ini file in %appdata%/Thunderbird.  Just type that in the Microsoft file browser.

On Ubuntu you will find the profiles.ini file in ~/.thunderbird.  You can type that path into the Ubuntu file browser to get there.

Thunderbird has a special argument to assist in changing and editing the profile to use.  Run this at the command prompt to see the facility:

$ thunderbird -profilemanager


re: What's the lightest Ubuntu desktop environment?

Saving on amount of used hard drive space for the unnecessary GUI?  Other than that, not really....if you aren't hurting for hard drive space, keep the second GUI in case you decide to go back to it later.


Why isn't one 'bash' command working at startup

Mention complete path  where a.txt should create.

Your script should be:

#!/bin/bash
echo "aaaa" >> /home/sentinel/a.txt

I have tried this my self before posting here .

added line rc.local as

./home/sentinel/a.sh

save it and restart your PC.


As you are able to ping beyond you LAN using IP addresses, that means it is a DNS related issue.

Also you have mentioned in the comment that the VPN software has messed up /etc/resolv.conf file causing this, reverting back to what it was previously (by appropriate method) should resolve the issue.


Can't login after entering correct username and password

That's because a username mustn't be change manually (it's not about just changing username inside /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files); the /home directory wasn't created, so it didn't find where it can login, and finally return to the login screen in order to say at user that he must fix this issue. Here are differents ways to fix that :

Connect using tty console :

use the shortcut Ctrl + Alt + F1 to open the tty terminal
try to login -> if it didn't work, try login with root access
revert change in /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files
after revert are effected, use sudo usermod -l newUsername oldUsername command to change the old username oldUsername with a new one newUsername everywhere needed
logout / reboot, you can return to GUI using Ctrl + Alt + F7

If you can't connect to a login using the tty console

reboot your computer and start Ubuntu in recovery mode (or command line mode don't know exactly how it is named)
revert change in /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files
after revert are effected, use sudo usermod -l newUsername oldUsername command to change the old username oldUsername with a new one newUsername everywhere needed
reboot your computer

If no one of these methods works, then you can try to restore username by using a live session

use this following commands to mount your partition :

sudo fdisk -l    ###find the partition which contains your data

sudo mount /dev/sdaN /mnt  ####N is the partition number (can be sdbN, sdcN too)
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
sudo mount --bind /run  /mnt/run
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo chroot /mnt           ####after this command, you re inside your previous Ubuntu partition

revert change in /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files
after revert are effected, use sudo usermod -l newUsername oldUsername command to change the old username oldUsername with a new one newUsername everywhere needed
reboot your computer

If no one of these methods works (I really doubt), I couldn't help more


IMO for a major change like this, you should contact the upstream developers. And where and how you can do that varies from project to project. Standard means of communication on Ubuntu development (mailing lists, Launchpad, etc.) will get you in touch with the people who package software for Ubuntu, but usually won't connect you with the original developers, especially for third-party software like games.

Tracking down the original upstream might a bit of work. Look for the homepage in http://packages.ubuntu.com/<release>/<package> (you can also run apt-cache show <package>). Then hunt for instructions on the homepage.

With 0ad, for example, http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/0ad says the homepage is http://play0ad.com/, and that site will eventually lead you to http://trac.wildfiregames.com/wiki/GettingStartedProgrammers which has instructions for contributing to the project.

If the homepage doesn't help you, then you can post a question on the Launchpad page for that package (https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/0ad/+bugs for 0ad) (or on the maililing list, maybe ubuntu-devel-discuss), and the maintainers should be able to provide you information about upstream.


EDIT: As far as Firefox Quantum is concerned, it's now available for all currently supported versions of Ubuntu from the repositories. See Ubuntu Package Search Thanks to Videonauth for pointing that out.

If you simply can't wait to try the latest version of Firefox, The Ubuntu Mozilla Security Team has a PPA at https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-mozilla-security/+archive/ubuntu/ppa

Although it's advisable to wait until they've finished vetting, if you want to do some testing on a non production system of the bleeding edge Firefox browser you can easily do so.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-mozilla-security/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install firefox

restart firefox.

Note: Regardless of how you obtain Firefox Quantum, you'll lose your Ubuntu customization extension (and any other incompatible extensions/add-ons you may be using like the SE AutoReview comments add-on, and Flashblock to name 3). So far it's a very responsive browser. For those of you that are interested in the changes to the extensions there's an interesting article here.

Edit: For those of you (like me) who aren't comfortable with losing the SE AutoReview comments add-on and are unwilling to wait and see if a version compatible with Firefox Quantum comes along, a quick fix is the extension for Google Chrome (if you have that or are willing to install it)


I also had this problem. Normaly, it is solved (for me in Ubuntu 16.10) by

--launcher.GTK_version
2

before

--launcher.appendVmargs

See also: Eclipse not working in 16.04 If it does not work, it would be helpful to add your eclipse version, or maybe to try a newer/older version.


Within Ubuntu, let virtual Windows machine control the discrete graphics card

VMware Player does not allow for direct hardware connection of pci-e devices. The virtual machine uses an emulated card that is powered by your host graphics cards. If you want to directly connect a graphics card to a virtual machine you can look into other virtualization products that allow for a wider range of physical hardware inputs to a vm such as Parrallels Workstation Extreme, which is very expensive, though I'm not sure if it can assign laptop graphics cards. To get the best graphics card performance in your VM make sure you have "accelerate 3D graphics" checked in the vm options, have vmware tools installed in the guest OS, and if host os has any options regarding which graphics device to let a program run on make sure to set vmware player to run from the best graphics device.

Information about Assigning PCI-E devices in Parrallels Workstation Extreme:
http://kb.parallels.com/en/9427


Ubuntu 16.04 fails to boot 'Loading initial ramdisk'

Problem has been fixed by following this guide : https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCdRecovery#Update_Failure

Then I launched a disk check from live CD.


The following answer was submitted by the question's author who posted the answer as part of the question:

SOLUTION: I wipe the whole device with mkusb and then format the sd card in order to create a FAT partition. Now it works fine: I can paste and delete everything on it.


Where are Gnome-Terminal profiles stored in the filesystem?

Profiles for GNOME Terminal are stored in the GConf configuration system. To modify them directly, press Alt+F2 to display the "Run a command" box, enter gconf-editor, and then browse to /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles.

Unchecking /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/use_custom_command should solve your problem.

An alternative method for getting out of this situation is to override the custom command by specifying another as a command-line argument, e.g. gnome-terminal -x bash, once again in the "Run a command" box.


Tor Browser Bundle's version of Firefox [Tor Browser] is recognized as the main Firefox installation [Ubuntu 12.04]

Yes this is due to torbrowser is derived from firefox and while starting your application, your desktop-environment looks for a place where to stick it - as far as i remember the standard all Linux DEs follow is xdg.

To give your system knowledge about this application, you have to put a *.desktop-file in either ~.local/share/applications/ or /usr/share/applications/.

In your case, open a terminal and cd into your tor-browser-directory from here issue cp start-tor-browser.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/start-tor-browser.desktop You can also use any file-manager for this operation.


as soon as you start a new session,
open a terminal window, and type: /usr/bin/xfwm4 --replace
tell me if it fixes your problem.

(if ok, one next step would be to add this command in automatic start command)


Are you saying that you booted into recovery mode, or you used a recovery partition or disc to restore the laptop to the factory default software load?

If the first, then you may need to mount the partition where your Documents and Desktop directories are. A live recovery mode session is probably all in RAM, so you need to mount the hard drive partitions to see the files.

If the second, you're probably not going to be able to recover those files, particularly if you've already tried testdisk without success. Reinstalling the operating system would likely overwrite much of the disc, and certainly would overwrite the old inode tables.


Logitech C920 microphone suddenly stopped working only on my Ubuntu 18.04

"Black magic" saves me! ;)
The solution of the question How to fix internal microphone which stopped working on Ubuntu 18.04? shared by Ocean:

  I had a very similar problem. All the orthodox solutions didn't help. I solved it by fiddling around.

  Here's the witchcraft that worked for me:

  1) Connect another external microphone and select it (sound should work)
  2) Disconnect the microphone you want to get working
  3) Reconnect the microphone you want to get working

  Input sound should now work again for this microphone by the means of black magic.

After a lot of time searching and testing tools, parameters... it was actually sufficient to plug my earphone and then replug my webcam C920 to solve the problem! Why not ;) I hope this resharing could help others.


How can I get vboxwebsrv load automatically on boot

sudo systemctl enable vboxweb.service

I have sorted it out for myself. Hope it helps other peeps here.


How do I show Ubuntu Dock always over maximized windows (without the need for autohide and mouseover)?

there is a way around,you need set auto hide delay time to a big number like 9999999,
you can do it from dconf editor,

open dconf editor
go to /org/gnome/shell/extensions/dash-to-dock/hide-delay
turn off default value and put a big number in custom value

or from terminal
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock extend-height false
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock autohide true

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock hide-delay 9999999


Ubuntu 16.04 problems connecting to eduroam

I had a similar problem. I removed the old connection and set up a new one manually which worked for me.

To remove the old connection, I removed the file named "eduroam" in the directory "/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections".

You may set up Eduroam manually as follows: type "sudo nm-connection-editor" in terminal. Punch you password, if asked for. This opens the connection editor. Now fill in the details along with your credentials as you would have done for a usual setup. That is all.

If you want, you may use gedit or nano and create a new connection in the above mentioned repository.

I am not sure, but you might have to log out and log in again to get connected.

However, I do not know why this worked and the usual set up did not!


Volume buttons not working on lubuntu 16.04 fresh install

Sorry for digging out an old post, but I have found a solution
In my case it was an issue with actions assigned to

XF86AudioLowerVolume
XF86AudioRaiseVolume

in the file

~/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml

Try to find a command that will work for lowering/raising volume from the terminal, in my case it is

amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%-
amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%+

so my entries in the file look like this (I left the default lubuntu entries commented out)

<keybind key="XF86AudioRaiseVolume">
<action name="Execute">
<!-- <command>amixer -q sset Master 3%+ unmute</command> -->
<command>amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%+</command>
</action>
</keybind>
<keybind key="XF86AudioLowerVolume">
<action name="Execute">
<!--     <command>amixer -q sset Master 3%- unmute</command> -->
<command>amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%-</command>
</action>
</keybind>

This whole section is inside the   element (as per https://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXDE:Questions#How_do_I_make_my_special_keyboard_buttons_.28mute.2C_volume.2C_screen_brightness_....29_work.3F )

You may need to logout/login or restart after making changes to the file.

Hope this helps.


Why can't I get sound through HDMI with nVidia GTX580

Have you tried to "mute"/disable your other sound drivers, leaving only the HDMI output left? Ubuntu has had problems in the past when it came to detecting specific audio drivers to use (And by that I mean the ones you want active)


It is a deliberate design decision that netplan delegates management of resolver configuration to systemd-resolved.  There is no support in netplan for directly managing /etc/resolv.conf based on answers to dhcp queries.  Indeed, systemd-networkd expects to pass this information to systemd-resolved and netplan relies on this behavior.


I have the same keyboard. Open terminal and type:

xset led on

This is essentially what the instructions say in the link you posted, but without the unnecessary steps. To automate it, search for Startup Applications, then create a new entry. Copy the command above into the command field, and give it any name and comment you want.


Ubuntu 13.04 stuck on the home screen and not able to display any wallpapers and have problem closing down the appplications

It seems like you did a messenger game upgrade. If so, you can backup your personal files and start over with a clean install.


cron runs with a very minimal environment, as a result common environment variables will differ from what you are used to see in the shell.

likewise PATH environment variable differs in cron. So if you want to run any binary in cron you have two options :

Use the absolute path to the binary executable :

30 12 * * * /sbin/reboot

Add PATH environment variable with desired values at the top of the crontab file e.g. :

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin


The output is correct, as mikewhatever stated in a comment:"Because Ubuntu, Xubuntu, and all other derivatives share the same repositories, and the same base system. The difference is mainly in the interface level and software selection."

To check what DE session you are using you can run:

$DESKTOP_SESSION

Which will display: xubuntu

Also you can check:

apt-cache policy xubuntu-desktop

should result:

xubuntu-desktop:
  Installed: 2.180
  Candidate: 2.180


How do I remotely access my ubuntu virtual machine?

If you set the network connection to "bridged", restart the VM and run ifconfig -a on it, you should see the IP address of your VM on your LAN.

With the LAN IP, you should then be able to SSH to the VM given that the Ubuntu VM has OpenSSHServer installed.

I am not sure if this is possible without bridged network connection though, but this works for me. Good luck!


How to set the default tab pagination to 2 spaces in gedit?

In gedit menu, go to Edit -> Preferences.
When the gedit Preferences window pops up, click on the Editor tab, and you will be able to change the Tab Width setting accordingly.


Asus zenbook 15 (UX-533FD) boot very randomly ubuntu 19.04

In GRUB, press e to edit the linux startup command line and add dis_ucode_ldr at the end of the line that starts with linux    /boot/... so that the line will look something like:

linux    /boot/vmlinuz-4.18.0-20-generic root=UUID=63771674-8044-4df4-\
         b700-17bcc857432d ro quiet splash $vt_handoff dis_ucode_ldr

and you'll be able to boot.

(Remove quiet splash if you want to check the system boot logs).

Add the same parameter dis_ucode_ldr to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT in /etc/default/grub:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash dis_ucode_ldr"

then run

update-grub

and then you should always be able to boot, as-is, so without editing the command in GRUB.

See - and if possible, subscribe to - this Ubuntu bug tracker for more information:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1829620


Desktop Switcher like MacOS or PearOS 7?

The Pantheon Desktop from Elementary OS is probably what you want.


A got it working by dd, even though I don't know, if data is written the same. So, if /dev/sda is your ssd and /dev/sdb is your USB key, you can do a simple dd, just like:
dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/sda

You have to make correction with gparted (from a CD/DVD) to make it working correctly and expand the given space. I made it on several machines. I remember only two times I did it (one was just a broken partition, the other was an entire disk).


Ubuntu 12.04 having strange issue with WPA2/Enterprise

I think this bug is listed at launchpad.

The solution worked for me. Run the terminal and type:

sudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/CONNECTION__NAME

In gedit window remove "system-ca-certs=true" or modify "true" to "false".


You also need to edit /etc/pam.d/common-session* and add the following line to the end:

session required pam_limits.so

Then reboot.

Saw that solution from How do I increase the open files limit for a non-root user?, it worked for me. I'm on Ubuntu 15.10.


grep invert not working the way I expected

Since grep helpfully delimits the context blocks (by default, using -- strings), you could pass the result of the first grep to awk in paragraph mode and exclude whole records that match the second fragment:

$ grep -A5 "header of start parts" file.log |
  awk -vRS='\n--\n' '!/line with piece of unwanted words/'
header of start parts
line to get together
line to get together
line to get together
line to get together
line to get together


Cannot get DHCP to work when connecting to an Android AP

Some wireless providers block internet access through your phone if you aren't subscribed to a package which has tethering. There are apps in the Google Play store that may be able to help you alleviate this problem, such as FoxFi


Create the file (as root) /etc/modprobe.d/radeon-kms.conf, and add the following line:

options radeon modeset=0

Reboot, and see what happens. It should fix your problem.


I found a long and dangerous (for my tab) way to install it although it is not dual booting. I installed Ubuntu 14.04 onto an ssd card and swapped out the prebuilt ssd card for the one with Ubuntu. For some reason the touch screen quit working with Ubuntu though.


If you chose to encrypt the new system via LUKS, the whole system is encrypted. This includes your system files, home folder (and thus your data), as well as the swap partition. This means that you can use suspend-to-disk (a.k.a. hibernate) and still have all benefits of full disk encryption. As pointed out in the comments, Ubuntu uses suspend-to-RAM by default. For Ubuntu to use suspend-to-disk instead, you have to follow the instructions on help.ubuntu.com which apparently only work for a limited number of machines.
256 bit AES encryption is likely strong enough for the foreseeable future. As was discussed here on Cryptography Stack Exchange, brute forcing AES-256 would cost about 100 tredicillion times the world GDP - the closest thing to impossible you can imagine. Even brute forcing 128 bit AES encryption takes about a thousand times the world's GDP.
The LUKS key is not locked by anything but the LUKS header (which is one the HDD/SSD) and your passphrase (which is in your head). This allows you to (a) use it in any other machine, as long as that is also possible with an unencrypted system disk, i.e. for common systems should work flawlessly. As for (b), yes, you can make whole disk backups with dd, but be aware that these images will not compress to any significant amount. This is due to the nature of encrypted data being indistinguishable from random data without the passphrase.
There is only academic benefit to this, i.e. after consuming the first tredecillion world GDPs for breaking you full disk encryption, an attacker would need another tredecillion world GDPs to also get into your encrypted home folder (assuming different passphrases/keys). So it actually strengthens your encryption from 256 bits to 257 bits key length. On a personal note, I even use automatic login on full disk encryption machines, as I consider the disk encryption safe enough to not require the password to be entered again after booting.


Kubuntu missing screen lock and screen saver settings

Look at System Settings > Desktop Behavior.

Re. a screensaver, that's not included by default because modern screens aren't affected.

But, if you're interested, look at Where are the screensavers.


Netbeans, Goworks Golang IDE, Not found4, Not found9, Not found12

Thanks @steeldriver. It is solved. I just extracted the zip archive and directly run. Like you mentioned the goworks.conf file had an extra junk character at the end of each line.

I was suspecting it with a '\r' character but the Sublime Text Editor can not find this character even in a Regex mode.

Below is the output of

$ cat -net ./../etc/goworks.conf

 1  # ${HOME} will be replaced by user home directory according to platform^M$
 2  default_userdir="${HOME}/.${APPNAME}/dev"^M$
 3  default_mac_userdir="${HOME}/Library/Application Support/${APPNAME}/dev"^M$
 4  ^M$
 5  # options used by the launcher by default, can be overridden by explicit^M$
 6  # command line switches^M$
 7  default_options="--branding goworks -J-server -J-XX:+TieredCompilation -J-Xms384m -J-Dnetbeans.logger.console=true"^M$
 8  # for development purposes you may wish to append: -J-Dnetbeans.logger.console=true -J-ea^M$
 9  ^M$
10  # default location of JDK/JRE, can be overridden by using --jdkhome <dir> switch^M$
11  #jdkhome="/path/to/jdk"^M$
12  ^M$
13  # clusters' paths separated by path.separator (semicolon on Windows, colon on Unices)^M$
14  #extra_clusters=^M$

This issue is resolved now.

The program throws another issue while it is loading, however, it is going to be a different question.

Thank you :)


Ubuntu 16.10 doesn't work in virtual machine (VMware)

I believe this bug was fixed by https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/yakkety/+source/linux/+bug/1630774/


Windows 10 preventing me from loading Ubuntu (from *.ISO file)

C.S. Cameron's answer applied. My apologies to the rest if I did not frame the question well - so many variables I did not know how to pose the question without getting into unnecessary detail. I was rather hoping for what happened - that someone would recognise a simple solution.
Thanks everyone.
D


How to turn off desktop icons in Ubuntu 19.04 or 19.10

Out of sheer frustration that this still doesn't work in 19.10, I'm hacking the file at /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/desktop-icons@csoriano/extension.js

Simply putting return; as the first line after  function enable() {

✔ Icons gone.

They will come back with an upgrade, but at least I've not broken apt dependencies (!) or caused a big red permanaent system broken sign.


how to know on which window drive(C,D,E), my ubuntu is installed

It's none of them. Windows can not read the filesystem on your Ubuntu partitions and doesn't mount them.

If you look at whatever the windows partitioning tool is, you will see your Ubuntu partition as a partition of an unknown type.


Set GRUB_DEFAULT=0 in both systems (don't forget sudo update-grub).

Then install additional instances of grub to your ESP, from 16.04 run

sudo grub-install --bootloader-id=Server16.04

and from 18.04 run

sudo grub-install --bootloader-id=Server18.04

Check your boot-menu-entries with efibootmgr -v. Example:

$ efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0001
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0000,0001,0002,0005,0003
Boot0000* ubuntu    HD(1,GPT,249ac0f6-d3e4-4b91-91d5-6e8d63c093c3,0x800,0x9a000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi)
Boot0001* US1804    HD(1,GPT,249ac0f6-d3e4-4b91-91d5-6e8d63c093c3,0x800,0x9a000)/File(\EFI\US1804\grubx64.efi)
Boot0002* US1604    HD(1,GPT,249ac0f6-d3e4-4b91-91d5-6e8d63c093c3,0x800,0x9a000)/File(\EFI\US1604\grubx64.efi)
Boot0003* UEFI OS   HD(1,GPT,249ac0f6-d3e4-4b91-91d5-6e8d63c093c3,0x800,0x9a000)/File(\EFI\BOOT\BOOTX64.EFI)
Boot0005* US1810    HD(1,GPT,249ac0f6-d3e4-4b91-91d5-6e8d63c093c3,0x800,0x9a000)/File(\EFI\US1810\shimx64.efi)

Now make use of EFI's next-boot feature with

efibootmgr -n XXXX

where XXXX is the hex-number of the desired boot entry. Example:

efibootmgr -n 5

will boot to 18.10 on next boot, so the only thing left is to reboot.


The format is the same as in /etc/fstab. The information for /etc/fstab can be found by man fstab or on this page.

It says:

  The  fifth  field,  (fs_freq),  is
  used for these filesystems by the
  dump(8) command to determine which
  filesystems need to be dumped.  If the
  fifth field is not present, a value of zero is returned and dump will
  assume that the filesystem does not
  need to be dumped.

  The sixth field, (fs_passno), is used by the fsck(8) program to
  determine the order in which
  filesystem checks are done at  reboot
  time. The root filesystem should be specified with a fs_passno of 1, and other
  filesystems should have a fs_passno of 2.  Filesystems within a drive will be checked
  sequentially, but filesystems on different drives will be checked at
  the same time to utilize parallelism
  available in the hardware. If the sixth field is not present or zero,
  a value of zero is returned and fsck
  will assume that the filesystem does
  not need to be checked.


In order to assure the correct and complete installation of all the packages required, use the following command to reinstall the kubuntu-desktop meta-package:

sudo apt install --reinstall kubuntu-desktop


Plex Media Server cannot seem to find data on my disks

Try this, I had this issue once. This helped me.

By default, Ubuntu now uses UUID to identify partitions.

UUID=xxx.yyy.zzz

To list your devices by UUID use blkid

sudo blkid
ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid

Your end result might be something like this:

UUID=12102C02102CEB83 /media/esso/Bravo ntfs defaults 0 2

Make sure your folders have read/write permissions.

chmod -R a+x /media/esso


Pin notifications to toppanel in GNOME shell?

This extension may help you.
It moves the bottom panel icons to the top panel.

PS: This other extension should remove the Accesibility icon.


ATI graphics card, with gnome shell, screen flickers

The last AMD drivers (11.10) still has problems like screen flicker but you can reduce the screen flicker active the Desktop Free of Fragmentation in the Catalysm but may cause other errors and the system feels slower, to run Gnome-shell without problems install the open source drivers. check this ATI - Ubuntu Oneiric Installation Guide, install/unistall/remove, etc... open source drivers or privative drivers


Nvidia Dual monitor settings reset on boot

Setup your displays using nvidia-settings, then start xfce4-display-settings and verify your settings. After closing that dialog and logging out and in, the config should be permanent.


I think this is what you are looking for.
http://www.pendrivelinux.com/creating-an-ubuntu-live-usb-from-cd/

Basically this link says to use Ubuntu's Startup Disk Creator with an empty 4GB USB stick. You can configure how much to give to your persistant home directory from there.

Hope that helps.


Can I have more than one operating system?

Many if not most people choose to do just that, installing Linux (Ubuntu) for daily usage and keeping their default Windows install for certain programs not supported on Linux (such as Netflix, iTunes, several games, etc.).

To install Ubuntu alongside Windows on a separate (aka a separate segment of your hard drive from your default C: drive), burn or purchase an Ubuntu live CD, pop it in your DVD drive and reboot. You can create one by downloading the proper .iso (64 or 32-bit) from Ubuntu's website and burning it onto a completely new, blank DVD.

Once you boot with the DVD in the tray, you should be prompted to install Ubuntu. Follow the directions and make sure you select the option to install alongside Windows, not to replace/remove Windows. If all goes well, after you install Ubuntu you'll be prompted with a screen after boot to select Windows XP or Ubuntu to load.

There's another, much easier option to simulate an Ubuntu dual-boot, however. Download the Windows installer for Ubuntu off of Ubuntu's website and run it. You'll create a virtual hard drive within your Windows partition and be able to run Ubuntu almost like you would a dual-boot. However, this will cost a slight performance decrease and you won't be able to hibernate (which is notable for laptops). It is easier to install and easier to remove, though, as you can uninstall it just like a program in Windows.


Copying files from my /home in a rescue boot shell on VirtualBox

When you get to the prompt do:

 cd /home
 ls

what do you see? Also:

 lsblk

and

 fdisk -l

This should give you similar listings of available block devices and their partitions. Does any of those partitions look like your /home partition?

The ones that are interesting are listed as "Type Linux" or similar in the fdisk listing. F.ex., let's assume there is a /dev/sda1. Now what you can do is to mount that partition somewhere:

 mkdir test_dir
 mount /dev/sda1 test_dir
 ls test_dir

do not forget to unmount test_dir after you've rescued whatever you need to rescue:

 umount test_dir


You can add the Ciphers configuration into your users ssh/config file
e.g.
Host whatsit
   HostName whats.it
   User Thor
   Cyphers arcfour,blowfish-cbc
   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/thor@whatsit

Then when you want to login the ssh client will over accept arc four and blowfish-cbc to the remote server.   Of course it might reject them as insecure.   So AES ciphers are recommended as they are both fast and secure.
e.g. Usage of whatsit host defined in .ssh/config
ssh whatit
or
sftp whatit

As you wish..


Answer from the OP:

  After a bit of research I noticed that my kernel did not support xbox one controller so I installed 4.5.1 and everything works fine now.


My Ubuntu is running fsck on every bootup

/dev/sda1: clean, 908443/38690816 Files, 44176803/154733312 Blocks

The line producing that message is this:

/* Print the summary message when we're skipping a full check */
log_out(ctx, _("%s: clean, %u/%u files, %llu/%llu blocks"),

It skips the "full check" but just made sure that some fast test to the journal are clean and there isn't orphan inodes:

cat /var/log/boot.log
fsck from util-linux 2.20.1
fsck from util-linux 2.20.1
/dev/sda1: clean, 260598/771552 files, 1684682/3080192 blocks
/dev/sdb10: recovering journal
/dev/sdb10: Clearing orphaned inode 142568 (uid=1000, gid=1000, mode=0100664, size=32768)
/dev/sdb10: Clearing orphaned inode 138527 (uid=1000, gid=1000, mode=0100600, size=9580)
/dev/sdb10: clean, 54957/991232 files, 3498365/3958006 blocks

This is normal and expected. If it was a real thorough check it would take much more time but it usually takes a second or less. Systemd systemd-fsck(8) manual page has the conditions where a full check is triggered:

  systemd-fsck-root.service is responsible for file system checks on the
     root file system, but only if the root filesystem was not checked
  in    the initramfs.  systemd-fsck@.service is used for all other file
  systems and for the root file system in the initramfs.

  These services are started at boot if passno in /etc/fstab for the
  file    system is set to a value greater than zero. The file system
  check for    root is performed before the other file systems. Other
  file systems may    be checked in parallel, except when they are on
  the same rotating disk.

  systemd-fsck does not know any details about specific filesystems,
  and    simply executes file system checkers specific to each
  filesystem type    (/sbin/fsck.*). This helper will decide if the
  filesystem should    actually be checked based on the time since last
  check, number of    mounts, unclean unmount, etc.

You can simply check that the tests took next to nothing to run (if you use systemd):

sudo systemd-analyze blame | grep fsck
          1.608s systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-408535fe\x2d28e6\x2d4d82\x2dbb59\x2d9810ead089a3.service
            87ms systemd-fsck@dev-mapper-vlhome\x2dlvhome.service


I solved this problem disabling all displays when connecting and disconnecting from the dock.

I did this by using ARandR to make shell scripts for my different monitor configurations. I make one for just the laptop screen, one for my docked monitors, and one for no screens at all.

This solution also solves the problem where sometimes the correct monitor configuration is not automatically applied.


How to create virtualbox.deb file after compililg Virtualbox OSE source package

Run "debuild -us -uc" in the main folder.  You may also need to install some additional packages to get debuild to work, but it should tell you what it's missing.


How to use mobile wi-fi to connect Internet?

My phone is a Galaxy SII, so YMMV (your menus may vary) =).

What I just did was:

Disable my Ethernet card.
Connected my phone to my WiFi.
Connected the phone to my PC with a USB cable.
In the main screen of the phone selected Config > Wireless and Web Connections > More...
Mobile Zone and Web Tethering.
Enabled "Tether to USB net" (or web, in Spanish it's 'red')
Enabled Mobile Wi-Fi Zone.
Configured it (Wep, etc.)
In PC, open connections connections and selected "Wired Connection 'n'" (Conexión Cableada 'n', in Spanish). My actual number was 2 FWIW.

Connection info reports it as "usb0"

It linked immeditely, I'm using it to write this.

Good luck!


Measuring execution time of a command in milliseconds

The time command itself is not capable of doing this directly. It does output a time in a fractional format, so it can be parsed back into milliseconds by multiplying by 1000:

$ time sleep 1s
> real    0m1.006s
$ echo '1.006 * 1000' | bc
> 1006.000

This means you can kinda make a command that does it via:

{ time $@ ; } |& grep real | sed -E 's/[^0-9\.]+//g' | tr -d '\n' | (cat && echo " * 1000") | bc

That's essentially parsing the output of time and multiplying it by 1000. It's a mess because, well, bash.

Probably a better/more useful mess would be this script user Infineight posted on Stack Overflow:

#!/bin/bash
ts=$(date +%s%N)
$@
echo $((($(date +%s%N) - $ts)/1000000))

This (I have expanded it for readability) saves the current nanosecond timestamp from date, runs the command, then does a subtraction to calculate the time elapsed and formats it into milliseconds.

In my testing they both seemed to yield the same results.


Why am I getting "Authentication failed" while running do-release-upgrade from 19.10 to 20.04 LTS with configured squid-deb-proxy client?

This problem has nothing to do with your squid proxy. It is not able to match the downloaded file 'focal.tar.gz' with it's GPG Key in file 'focal.tar.gz.gpg'.
This problem is solved in: https://stackoverflow.com/a/62463184/1525392
Where, as Hiren suggested, you have to replace with following in
/etc/apt/sources.list

But do take a backup of this file before replacing.
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner

Then,
sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-keyring


Windows 10 iso file got Deleted on it's own after a Reboot!

The message you are seeing is a status message of images that you have registered to Virtual Box.  It retains this information until you release it.  The disks are not necessarily mounted.

You can identify the disk that is flagged by clicking on the Check button of the warning message.  Note, this is a warning information box, not an error.

The check button will bring up the Virtual Media Manager.  From there click on the Optical Disk tab. then scroll down to the source of the warning, identified by a triangle with an exclamation mark.  Pointing to it will show you the pathname where it was located last.

You can safely click on the item in the menu bar to Remove it.  The prompt will notify you that removing the entry will not delete the file.

There is also a delete media option.  But this only functions on media that doesn't have the warning flag.

The next time you start Virtual Box you won't be greeted with the error message.

Since you mentioned that you didn't delete the iso file, you can locate it in your system by typing this command:

$ locate [en_windows_10_pro_x64_dvd_6851151.iso]

Replace the name in the brackets with the name of the file you want to find.


Assuming you are talking about the unity launcher, you will need to make a .desktop file to point to pcmanfm.

The relevant ubuntu help is here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UnityLaunchersAndDesktopFiles

Essentially though, I find it easier to copy a working .desktop file from

/usr/share/applications/

to

~/.local/share/applications

and edit it to point to the right place.

The file needs to be of the form:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=x.y
Name=ProgramName
Comment=This is my comment
Exec=/home/alex/Documents/exec.sh
Icon=/home/alex/Pictures/icon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Application;


ubuntu 14.04 64bit Matlab 2014b installation

I assume that you have your software on a CD or iso.

Mount the software on say /mnt/matlab.
Copy the file installer_input.txt to a working directory, say /tmp . Edit it appropriately.
Then run the command from /mnt/matlab:

sh install -inputFile /tmp/installer_input.txt -root /mnt/matlab

and you should be good to go.


you have to try it with sudo. In past I have used this also and got same error but that statement permission denied made me try with sudo.

so you have to try with

sudo ntfsfix -b -d /dev/sda1

I am sure that going to help you.

for example , I will show my self.

frank@august:~$ sudo ntfsfix -b -d /dev/sda6
Mounting volume... OK
Processing of $MFT and $MFTMirr completed successfully.
NTFS volume version is 3.1.
Going to un-mark the bad clusters ($BadClus)... No bad clusters...OK
NTFS partition /dev/sda6 was processed successfully.

hope that helps.


HP Officejet 4630 printer usb on Ubuntu 16.10

The easy way to add a printer is through CUPS - Common Unix Printing System.

On my system, I have these CUPS-related packages installed, and add my printers via web browser at http://localhost:631.

$ dpkg -l cups\*| egrep -v '^un'
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                      Version              Architecture Description
+++-=========================-====================-============-===================================================================
ii  cups                      2.1.3-4              amd64        Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - PPD/driver support, web interface
ii  cups-browsed              1.8.3-2ubuntu3.1     amd64        OpenPrinting CUPS Filters - cups-browsed
ii  cups-bsd                  2.1.3-4              amd64        Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - BSD commands
ii  cups-client               2.1.3-4              amd64        Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - client programs (SysV)
ii  cups-common               2.1.3-4              all          Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - common files
ii  cups-core-drivers         2.1.3-4              amd64        Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - PPD-less printing
ii  cups-daemon               2.1.3-4              amd64        Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - daemon
ii  cups-driver-gutenprint    5.2.10~pre2-0ubuntu2 all          transitional dummy package for gutenprint printer driver
ii  cups-filters              1.8.3-2ubuntu3.1     amd64        OpenPrinting CUPS Filters - Main Package
ii  cups-filters-core-drivers 1.8.3-2ubuntu3.1     amd64        OpenPrinting CUPS Filters - PPD-less printing
ii  cups-pdf                  2.6.1-21             amd64        PDF writer backend for CUPS (dummy transitional package)
ii  cups-pk-helper            0.2.5-2ubuntu2       amd64        PolicyKit helper to configure cups with fine-grained privileges
ii  cups-ppdc                 2.1.3-4              amd64        Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - PPD manipulation utilities
ii  cups-server-common        2.1.3-4              all          Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - server common files

After installing hplip, monitor the logs via starting journalctl --follow, connect the printer/scanner via USB, and point your browser at http://localhost:631, Administration tab, Find new printers


apt-get dist-upgrade does not upgrade the OS to the latest release. It acts very much like apt-get update, in addition to handling changing dependencies with new versions of packages.

If you want to upgrade to a new release, use do-release-upgrade instead. (I recommend you first switch to runlevel 1 with init 1, however.)

Relevant excerpt from the manual:

   upgrade
       upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all packages currently installed on
       the system from the sources enumerated in /etc/apt/sources.list. Packages currently
       installed with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no
       circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not already
       installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently installed packages that
       cannot be upgraded without changing the install status of another package will be left
       at their current version. An update must be performed first so that apt-get knows that
       new versions of packages are available.

   dist-upgrade
       dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of upgrade, also intelligently
       handles changing dependencies with new versions of packages; apt-get has a "smart"
       conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages
       at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The dist-upgrade command may
       therefore remove some packages. The /etc/apt/sources.list file contains a list of
       locations from which to retrieve desired package files. See also apt_preferences(5)
       for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for individual packages.

EDIT

Following Nasreddine's comment, I looked into it further and it seems others have had the same problem as evidenced by this launchpad bug report.  The 7th post by Andreas Tj seems to offer a plausible solution but I can't say whether it works, since I don't have this particular problem and thus can't test it.


Ubuntu gets frozen when turn on second screen

Looks like after long time I found an answer: apparently the problem was in mismatch between mate and nvidia drivers. When I re-installed drivers of version 4** it started to work perfectly with both display and mini-display ports.


You could try downloading the relevant .deb file from https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/lucid/i386/linux-headers-2.6.32-34-generic-pae/2.6.32-34.77 and https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/lucid/i386/linux-headers-2.6.32-34/2.6.32-34.77:

wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/79829520/linux-headers-2.6.32-34-generic-pae_2.6.32-34.77_i386.deb
wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/79829514/linux-headers-2.6.32-34_2.6.32-34.77_all.deb

And then install using:

sudo dpkg --install linux-headers-2.6.32-34-generic-pae_2.6.32-34.77_i386.deb linux-headers-2.6.32-34_2.6.32-34.77_all.deb

But unless there's a specific reason you're still using an old PAE kernel on 12.04, I think you would be better off using a kernel that is packaged in 12.04. The upgrade to 12.04 should have installed a newer kernel. Perhaps you need to update your grub default, or manually select a different kernel during boot?


Chances are, you are using Windows 8 or Windows 10. Wubi official support is being phased out and will not work with Windows versions newer than Windows 7 and Ubuntu versions newer than 15.04, at least not with official versions.

If you want to try out Ubuntu, you can run a Live CD or you can install ubuntu parallel to Windows.


Failed Ubuntu Installation from a Jump Drive

I used Zorin. Worked the first time. I'm adding extra words meet "quality requirements". Now I'm typing because I have to wait a silly 20 seconds to submit bc there was a typo.


Dissable SSSD from autostart?
seems to work

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/sssd/+bug/1746806


How can I recover files from a FAT disk image in their original locations?

Did you try with TestDist?
Following the help it said

To recover a partition from a media image or repair a filesystem image, run

testdisk image.dd to carve a raw disk image
testdisk image.E01 to recover files from an Encase EWF image
testdisk 'image.*' if the Encase image is split into several files.

So you can try to follow that path.
You may find interesting:

TestDisk: undelete file for FAT


Yes, Ctrl+Super+↓ is a Compiz shortcut,:

Open ccsm → Grid plugin (Window Management category) → Binding tab → Restore.


what is the command line equivalent to using nautilus to connect to a samba drive?

Use the mount command sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.0.x/<Share> /path/to/mount -o username=myuser,password=mypass

/path/to/mount is an existing directory.

You may need to install cifs-utils but I think its included with Ubuntu desktop.


This solution worked for me:

In Edit the apt-cacher.conf file on server:

sudo nano /etc/apt-cacher/apt-cacher.conf

Uncomment the "ubuntu_release_names" and replace with this:

ubuntu_release_names = dapper, edgy, feisty, gutsy, hardy, intrepid, jaunty, karmic, lucid, maverick, natty, oneiric, precise, quantal, raring, saucy, trusty, utopic, vivid, wily, xenial

Uncomment the "index_files_regexp" and replace with this:

index_files_regexp = ^(?:Index(?:\.bz2)?|(?:Sources|Packages|release)(?:\.gz|\.bz2|\.xz)?|Release(?:\.gpg)?|InRelease|Contents-(?:[a-z]+-)?[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.gz|(?:srclist|pkglist)\.[a-z-]+\.bz2|Translation-[a-z]{2,3}(?:_[A-Z]{2}(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9-]+)?)?(?:\.gz|\.bz2|\.xz|\.lzma)?|Components-[a-z0-9]+\.yml(?:\.gz|\.bz2)?|icons-[0-9]+x[0-9]+\.tar(?:\.gz)?)$

Save the changes and exit.

  ctrl+o, ctrl+x

Restart apt-cacher

sudo service apt-cacher restart

Finally on the computer with Ubuntu 16.04

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update


How to specify ec2 instance types for different services?

In summary, if you wanted to deploy with m2.xlarge:

 juju deploy mysql --constraints 'instance-type=m2.xlarge'

Or if you want your deployment script to be more portable between providers:

 juju deploy mysql --constraints 'mem=8G'

Here are the corresponding documents:

https://jujucharms.com/docs/2.0/reference-constraints


Considerations for editing sudoers files
Manually editing whatever file you're creating or modifying is sometimes preferable to editing with echo ... > or sed--especially sed unless you are extremely proficient with it. This is because it shows you more clearly the impact of your changes, and because, for a file you're not actually creating (like sudoers in "Way 1"), opening the file in  a text editor shows you other contents of the file that might be relevant. You should generally understand your current configuration before making changes to it and reading any configuration file you're editing is sometimes helpful toward that end.
However, more importantly, a tiny mistake in editing /etc/sudoers or any file in /etc/sudoers.d makes sudo refuse to work entirely until the probem is fixed.
For desktop Ubuntu systems but not most server systems, there's a relatively easy fix for this; otherwise, you might have to boot to recovery mode or from a live CD/DVD/USB to fix the problem of being locked out from being able to perform any administrative actions.
Either way, you should use visudo to edit /etc/sudoers and any files in /etc/sudoers.d.
For /etc/sudoers: sudo visudo
For a file in /etc/sudoers.d called vagrant: sudo visudo /etc/sudoers.d/vagrant
visudo has you edit a temporary file and, once you've exited, checks your syntax to ensure it is correct before copying over the temporary file to the real configuration file.
Because of this mechanism, if you want to use terminal one-liners instead of a text editor, you should be able to use visudo in connection with sed or some mechanism similar to pipes (like tee) to edit sudoers files safely in a manner comparable to what you've used in "Way 1" and "Way 2.
Perhaps someone else will post an answer detailing how to do that; if not, then next time I have access to a machine suitable for such testing, I may try to figure it out and expand this answer with an example. Alternatively, using sed or echo safely to create/modify sudoers and sudoers.d configuration might be considered the subject of a separate question. This is especially the case if your main interest here is whether to give NOPASSWD sudo-to-root power directly or through group membership.
Conferring sudo-to-root power by group membership vs. per-user
The main difference between "Way 1" and "Way 2" is:

"Way 1" makes the user an administrator and confers the ability to administrators to run commands as root with sudo without being prompted for a password.
"Way 2" confers this ability specifically on the one user.

Unless you want all administrators to be able to sudo-to-root without a password (by default, entering a password is required), "Way 2" is preferable.
However, any user who you want to be able to run arbitrary commands as root should probably also be an administrator! (This will let them use pkexec and it avoids confusion if you or an associate is trying to figure out who all the users are with the ability to perform system administration tasks.)
Therefore, the best thing to do may well be to add vagrant as an administrator and separately confer NOPASSWD abilities to vagrant specifically (and not to administrators in general).


How to auto execute command when starting second monitor?

This is a work-in-progress script I'm developing for a package to control monitor brightness and gamma based on sunrise/sunset times.

When closing the lid of the laptop, xrandr resets all external monitors to full brightness. The script below detects xrandr changes to /sys/class/drm/?/status file using inotify which is a more efficient polling method than sleeping every second.

The script below contains credits to original authors and portions are commented out that may be deleted in the future or changed.

Use ll /sys/class/drm/*/status to discover your monitor card name(s). Then replace MONITOR= below with the appropriate name.

Bash script

#!/bin/bash

# NAME: monitory-eyesome.sh
# PATH: /usr/lib/bin
# DESC: Instantly adjust display brightness when xrandr reconfigures monitors
#       and resets them to full brightness.

# CALL: /etc/cron.d calls this script during boot.
#       Called from command line for testing/debugging.

# DATE: Sepetmber ??, 2018.

# PARM: No parameters yet, but $1 will be /sys/class/drm/<MONITOR>/status
#       in the future. ie $1 = <MONITOR>

# source eyesome-src.sh # Common code for eyesome___.sh bash scripts

# Must have the inotify-tools package.
command -v inotifywait >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo >&2 \
        "inotify-tools package required but it is not installed.  Aborting."; \
        exit 2; }

# Copied from: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=171655
#inspired of:
#   http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/4489/a-tool-for-automatically-applying-randr-configuration-when-external-display-is-p
#   http://ozlabs.org/~jk/docs/mergefb/
#   http://superuser.com/questions/181517/how-to-execute-a-command-whenever-a-file-changes/181543#181543

export MONITOR="/sys/class/drm/card1-DP-1/status"
echo "$0: $(date) Monitoring: $MONITOR" > /tmp/monitor-eyesome.sh
while inotifywait -e modify,create,delete,open,close,close_write,access \
        "$MONITOR";

dmode="$(cat "$MONITOR")"

do
    echo "$0: $(date) $dmode" >> /tmp/monitor-eyesome.sh
#    if [ "${dmode}" = disconnected ]; then
#         /usr/bin/xrandr --auto
#         echo "${dmode}"
#    elif [ "${dmode}" = connected ];then
#         /usr/bin/xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --right-of LVDS1
#         echo "${dmode}"
#    else /usr/bin/xrandr --auto
#         echo "${dmode}"
#    fi
done

Sample output when closing laptop lid

$ sudo ./monitor-eyesome.sh
Setting up watches.
Watches established.
/sys/class/drm/card1-DP-1/status OPEN
Setting up watches.
Watches established.
/sys/class/drm/card1-DP-1/status OPEN
Setting up watches.
Watches established.
/sys/class/drm/card1-DP-1/status OPEN
Setting up watches.
Watches established.

Sample output of log file

$ cat /tmp/mon*
./monitor-eyesome.sh: Sun Sep 16 11:16:51 MDT 2018 Monitoring: /sys/class/drm/card1-DP-1/status
./monitor-eyesome.sh: Sun Sep 16 11:16:55 MDT 2018 connected
./monitor-eyesome.sh: Sun Sep 16 11:16:56 MDT 2018 connected
./monitor-eyesome.sh: Sun Sep 16 11:16:56 MDT 2018 connected

Summary

This script was created a few minutes ago (Sept 16 2018 @ 11:30am MST). I'll update it as the project progresses.