12.04 64bit Installation hangs at "Copying installation logs"

Figured it out! Just reboot.. Since copying installation logs is pretty much the LAST thing the installer does system wise everything is there and setup properly so long as you didn't get any errors during the installation process.


How do I disable the command line history in the dash?

If the history file is ~/desktop/unity/runner/history, you may consider link it to /dev/null.

that is, in a terminal

$ cd ~
$ rm ~/desktop/unity/runner/history
$ ln -s /dev/null ~/desktop/unity/runner/history

then logout and login again.


The sound driver is not included in your kernel, or not installed, or got deleted by another sound system.

(Re)installing the kernel should help.


How can one get executable file-path for a window which is launched as FlatPak application?

In most cases, flatpak permissions (sandboxing) do not allow for this AFAICT. Just how much of the system is exposed is configurable to some degree so which flatpak you are talking about might be germaine to the question. There's a great deal of information on this and other flatpak related topics here.

One notable section is http://docs.flatpak.org/en/latest/sandbox-permissions.html

One alternative approach to locating the executable file path of a flatpak might be checking the configuration files: Excerpt below.

flatpak can operate in system-wide or per-user mode. The system-wide data is located in $prefix/var/lib/flatpak/, and the per-user data is in $HOME/.local/share/flatpak/.

In addition to the default installation locations, more system-wide installations can be defined via configuration files /etc/flatpak/installations.d/, which must have the .conf extension and typically include the installation path in the form Path=/location/of/installation. See the installation documentation for more information.


Lubuntu-Desktop not working on Ubuntu 14.04

Go to Synaptic and search 'Lubuntu' and mark for complete removal.

In Synaptic remove lxdm (login manager for lxde) and also check if following packages are installed : unity-greeter and lightdm. Install them if they are not.
if you prefer terminal-

sudo apt-get remove lxdm
sudo apt-get install unity-greeter
sudo apt-get install lightdm

also:

sudo -H gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

You'll enter a greeter configuration file. There find the line

greeter-session=unity-greeter

if the line does not exist, add it.

Just install 'LXDE' instead of lubuntu-desktop. It works the same, but won't show on startup.

sudo apt-get install lxde


How do I whitelist Adobe Air applications in the panel?

Using TweetDeck (note the capital "D") worked for me, but I had to restart Unity first:

Hit Alt+F2, type unity  and then hit Enter.


How to install Dropbox on Ubuntu 14.04 (October 2015)

1.Download the installer from Official site ,(64 bit ,32 bit)

2.Open terminal and run the following command:

For 32 bit:

 cd ~ && wget -O - "https://www.dropbox.com/download?plat=lnx.x86" | tar xzf -

For 64 bit:

 cd ~ && wget -O - "https://www.dropbox.com/download?plat=lnx.x86_64" | tar xzf -

then run,

~/.dropbox-dist/dropboxd

You can also install from Software Center

Or

Open terminal and run:

sudo apt-get install nautilus-dropbox

then it will ask to restart all running instances of Nautilus,then run nautilus --quit

terminal commands for dropbox:

dropbox

status       get current status of the dropboxd
help         provide help
puburl       get public url of a file in your dropbox
stop         stop dropboxd
running      return whether dropbox is running
update       download latest version of dropbox
start        start dropboxd
filestatus   get current sync status of one or more files
ls           list directory contents with current sync status
autostart    automatically start dropbox at login
exclude      ignores/excludes a directory from syncing
lansync      enables or disables LAN sync


I found a strange solution to make the keys works if someone is getting the same issue i hope this helps.
It's not the best solution for sure because you have to do it everytime Ubuntu starts but at least you can use multimedia keys when needed.

Unplug the keyboard when starting the system (after Grub menu) and plug it back before the login menu.


Ubuntu 12.04 only detects one out of two monitors and mirrors them both

VGA splitters won't allow you to multi-monitor as the same signal is going through both cables.
You will need to have two different ports on the actual graphics card or motherboard to be able to multi-monitor.


Is it possible to install Ubuntu 10.04 on ext3 instead of ext4?

Yes it is possible just change it because ext4 is the default

I think all Acronis product work with the follow file system for example Acronis® True Image™ Home 2012 but Acronis® Disk Director® 11 Home doesn't support ext4.

Why use Acronis when there's Clonezilla or G4l? Has many more features and is open source

If you’re a Linux user, you’ve likely been asked at some point if you want Ext3, Ext4, XFS, ReiserFS, Btrfs, or one of many other filesystem acronyms. This choice confuses new and old users alike, and like all software, the options change as technology improves. Many people probably don’t care what filesystem they use as long as it’s stable and reasonably fast, but how do you know which one that is? This guide will attempt to cover the basic differences between the most common options, and provide the pros and cons of each choice.

Ext2

Ext2 is Linux’s “old standby” filesystem. It was the default for most of the major early Linux distributions. While it has been mostly supplanted by versions 3 and 4, ext2 is still popular on USB and other solid-state devices. This is because it does not have a journaling function, so it generally makes fewer reads and writes to the drive, effectively extending the life of the device.

Recommended Use: USB/Solid State Drives, or any cause where you need high stability with minimal reads/writes.

Ext3

The most notable difference between ext2 and ext3 was the introduction of journaling. In short, journaling filesystems are meant to recover more gracefully in the event of a system crash. Whenever you find yourself in doubt about which filesystem to use for Linux, ext3 is nearly always a good bet. It’s extremely mature, extremely well supported, and contains all the features you’re likely to need for a desktop OS.

Recommended Use: If you have no specific reason for another filesystem, ext3 is an excellent default.

Ext4

The most recent in the ext filesystem line, ext4 includes many major improvements over ext3 like larger filesystem support, faster checking, nanosecond timestamps, and verification of the journal through checksums. It’s backward and forward compatible with versions 2 and 3, so you can mount a ext2 or ext3 filesystem as ext4, and the other way around. You may however lose some of the benefits of the newer versions when mounting as the older. Many of the modern Linux distributions now offer ext4 during the install, and some are using it as the default.

Recommended Use: Ext4 should be stable enough for desktop and server needs. If your distribution offers it as an install choice, it should be a good choice for nearly any usage needs.

ReiserFS (Reiser3)

Before ext3, ReiserFS was the only journaling filesystem for Linux. It’s also notable for allowing live resizing of the filesystem. In some cases where many small files are involved, Reiserfs can outperform ext3 by a considerable margin. Reiser3 has problems, however when it comes to handling things like multicore PCs, as the design only allows for some operations to run one at a time.

Recommended Use: Interacting with small files on a single core system.

Reiser4

Reiser4 is intended to solve some of the problems with the Reiser3 implementation. Performance has improved, particularly with small files, and it includes support for plugins to handle things like compression and encryption. Reiser4 has a somewhat uncertain future. It has not yet been accepted into the main line Linux kernel, the lead designer is in prison, and the company developing it is not currently in business. Reiser4, if completed and fully polished, could be a fast and useful filesystem, but until it gains a foothold in the mainline kernel it may not be a good choice for long term use.

Recommended Use: Filesystem testing and development

XFS

XFS is packed full of cool features like guaranteed rate I/O, online resizing, built-in quota enforcement, and it can theoretically support filesystems up to 8 exabytes in size. It’s been used on Linux since about 2001, and is available as an install option on many popular Linux distributions. With variable block sizes, you can tune your system like a sliding scale to tweak for space efficiency or read performance.

Recommended Use: If you really like to tweak your system to meet your needs, XFS is a great way to go.

Btrfs

Btrfs  Some of the interesting features include transparent compression, snapshots, cloning, and in-place conversion (with rollback) from ext3 and 4. According to the lead developer, Btrfs aims to “let Linux scale for the storage that will be available.” Btrfs, once completed and matured, will likely be a strong contender in the Linux filesystem world on both desktops and servers.


How do I get back to Unity after using Gnome 3.8

It's possible that your theme/icons is/are still set to GNOME, even though you uninstalled GNOME.

How exactly did you uninstall GNOME (commands)? Certain commands only remove certain things, so you have to run the right command to get the right thing done.

Try looking at Settings then going to Appearance. There might be an option, should be anyways, for changing the icons/theme.


how to get edubuntu with GNOME 3.2 environment at the time of installing edubuntu

You must run

 sudo apt-get install gnome-shell
 sudo apt-get install gnome-session


To determine if some script in crontab have problems, we have to check the system log using the command

less -S /var/log/syslog

and looking for CRON lines and searching for related error messages.

Another way to simplify this analysis is adding an explicit log file in the cron definition, like this:

@daily root /home/andy/bin/Backup_18_04.sh >/home/andy/backup.log 2>&1

The > symbol redirects all output of the script to the file, and the 2>&1 redirects all error messages to the same already redirected output file (1 is the internal descriptor where all programs by default send normal messages, and 2 is the same for errors, so 2>&1 causes 'channel' 2 to connect to a copy of 'channel' 1). IMPORTANT: the line definition has to be ended with a newline.

I prefer using the normal CRON system configured thru crontab -e; it only seems complex because it has a lot of flexibility. For example, you could fire the script daily at 3:25am using:

#MINUTE HOUR DAYOFMONTH MONTH DAYOFWEEK COMMAND
 25     3    *          *     *         /home/andy/bin/Backup_18_04.sh >/home/andy/backup.log 2>&1

The asterisks mean "all" for each field, so 'all days of all months at any day of week at hour 3 and minute 25' cron executes the script and saves its normal and error messages if any in the file /home/andy/backup.log.

The word @daily you were using is equivalent to 0 0 * * *, daily at 0:00am.

Besides that, the username after the time indication only is used in /etc/crontab, not in scripts created with crontab -e (as the user is the creator by default).

Two other important aspects are declaring the script as executable and indicating which shell interpreter will process it. Making the script executable is easy with the following command:

chmod a+x /home/andy/Backup_18_04.sh

To indicate the shell interpreter, the very first line of the script should have the simbols pound/exclamation #! and the desired shell path (this is called a 'shebang'), for example:

 #!/bin/bash

This will cause the script to be processed with Bash shell interpreter.

For more info about crontab line format read the corresponding manual using the command:

man 5 crontab


Lubuntu 12.04 is a non-LTS release - does this mean that LXDE isn't, either?

If you look at the lxde packages (I chose lxde-common) you'll see:

Package: lxde-common
Priority: optional
Section: universe/x11
Installed-Size: 1124
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Debian LXDE Packaging Team <pkg-lxde-maintainers@lists.alioth.debian.org>
Architecture: all
Version: 0.5.0-4ubuntu3
Depends: lxsession (>= 0.4.4-2)
Recommends: lxde-core (>= 0.5.0-4ubuntu3)
Suggests: lxlauncher
Filename: pool/universe/l/lxde-common/lxde-common_0.5.0-4ubuntu3_all.deb
Size: 832896
MD5sum: 800d4f0c55534081334405c74abd2421
SHA1: ad0a5798080e3fbc95b1a039811b1c48b5a8eb41
SHA256: 1e0cd437d89948ada2a02f1360dfa15d0a674e6a9e9e61d87270ac12d7fb15e9
Description-en: the Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment configuration data
 LXDE (the Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment) is a project aimed
 to provide a new desktop environment which is lightweight and fast.
 .
 It's not designed to be powerful and bloated, but to be usable and slim
 enough, and keep the resource usage low.  Different from other desktop
 environments, lxde don't tightly integrate every component. Instead,
 lxde tried to make all components independent, and each of them can be
 used independently with fewer dependencies.
 .
 Features:
  - Lightweight, runs with reasonable memory usage
  - Fast, rund well even on older machines produced in 1999
  - Good-looking, GTK+ 2 internationalized user interface
  - Easy-to-use, the user interface is simple, but usable enough
  - Desktop independent (suprise! Every component can be used without LXDE)
  - Standard compliant, follows the specs on freedesktop.org
Homepage: http://lxde.org
Description-md5: c6b780702af08f256b4707025f34cc99
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Origin: Ubuntu

The hint you're looking for is the Section: universe/x11. This tells you the package is in Universe:

What's the difference between multiverse, universe, restricted and main?

This means that it's community-maintained, and since the people who maintain LXDE announced that they won't be supporting it then basically you can't be guaranteed that it will be supported for as long as you need it.

If you do an apt-cache show unity you'll see a line that says:

Supported: 5y

This means that the package is supported by Canonical for the life of the LTS.

Things in universe, on the other hand, it depends on community best-effort, there's something like 20k packages in universe, so there's no way of really telling which ones the community will be interested in maintaining and which ones will be ignored. If Lubuntu has said they're not planning on supporting it for 5 years then it's likely they mean those packages as well (though I can't speak for their project).

PCmanFM and openbox are also in universe, so the same thing probably applies. Sorry there isn't a real solid answer, but it's hard to make guarantees on what will be supported when it's based on people's volunteer time.


18.04 server installer loop after setting IPv4 static config

Don't provide a domain search list. The installer happily copes with data in the other fields and will set the fixed IP address as desired without looping back to language selection. Unfortunately, the console log flashes by too quickly when the installer loops back if you set a search list to be of use.


New encryption feature in Ubuntu 12.10: home encryption or full disk encryption? or both?

Canonical implemented this feature (full disk encryption) in Ubuntu installer edition from 12.10 because Alternate CDs are dropped. From QQ Alternate CD are no longer available.

"Encrypting full disk" stands for creating encrypted volumes (luks) and it uses full disk, not only /home folder. Encrypting full disk is more secure and with that option you can uncheck "Encrypt my home folder". There is no need to use two kinds of encryption. If you want just to encrypting your home folder (without encrypted / and swap partition) use only the second option.


with wrong pam_environment unable to login

You could try booting into “single user mode” or “recovery mode” in order to fix your problem. As I'm not Using vanilla Ubuntu installations that often, I'm not sure how the latest version of the recovery mode looks like, whether its shell option will ask you for a password, and if it does, whether that passwort check uses pam. So you'll have to give it a try.

If that doesn't work, as a last resort you could append init=/bin/bash to your boot command line in grub. That will dump you into a shell very early during boot, so many services will not be available, but it won't display a login prompt either, so it should enable you to fix your pam setup unless that is on a partition which isn't mounted by that time. You'll probably have to remount your root fs writable before doing any changes: mount / -o remount,rw.


include all of your libraries in the last.

e.g.

g++ -I/usr/include/opencv main.cpp -o main -lopencv_core -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_ml -lopencv_video -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_contrib -lopencv_legacy -lopencv_flann

It resolves symbols as it find libraries in the same sequence as it is written on commandline.


Alienware laptop Built in sound card headphone and microphone jack not working

Click the sound icon on the top right and then click on sound settings.

Plug-in your headphones and click the test sound button. Then disconnect and and make sure you don't see speakers instead of headphones like is presented in the screenshot to check if your headphones are being detected.


The .ini files are stored in your .wine  directory (~/.wine or /home/your_ID/.wine) under a directory called windows (there are many in different folders ).

If you can't find your .wine -> That's a hidden directory, you can acces it through your file browser by selecting "View -> Show hidden files".

Hope it helps.


Bug unsubscribing from Ubuntu One Mobile

Thank you for reporting this. I have found the issue and a fix is under way.

Meanwhile, I'm going to cancel your subscription manually. It will continue to work until it expires.


As I remember all partitions mounts as RO in rescue mode, so you need to remount it by hand:

sudo mount -o remount,rw /dev/sda1 /mountpoint

Also I would suggest you to check your drive's S.M.A.R.T. status.


/gvsf empty, gvsf-fuse not working (Ubuntu 14.04)

The -f option means "Run in the foreground" according to the man page.  The command will work whether or not I have the -f switch (you can use another terminal to list the /run/user/1000/gvfs directory).

I am having the same problem.  I am not sure why it stopped working.  I am thinking this may be caused by a bug described here.  Since I can work around by unmounting and running gvfsd-fuse again, I'm going to let it be for now.  Those commands can be made to run automatically on boot.


Yes, that's absolutely normal: if you try to set your local keyboard to let's say Russian and you connect to a Japanese server, you'll still be typing Japanese.  Both servers need to be set to the same keyboard...

That's why at a company I used to work at, we changed the corporate policy that all servers world-wide had to have QWERTY-US-International as their default settings!


Why Does all Linux apps (Firefox etc) not self update like Telegram?

Traditionally, all GNU/Linux distros ship their own packages. The developers release the source code of a new version, and the package maintainers package them, and and the updates are distributed through the official channels (all packages are digitally signed by the maintainers, and the package manager will refuse to install the update if the package has been tampered by an attacker).
Telegram is available from Ubuntu's official repositories too, but that package is only updated when one upgrades to the next release of Ubuntu.
If you install Telegram from a PPA, or a snap/flatpak, it won't self update, and you can update it like other apps, as per your convenience.


Unable to connect to Internet via AR8161 Ethernet card

Your device is covered by the driver alx which is not present until later versions of Ubuntu 12.10 and 13.04. You could download the driver and all its prerequisites on another computer (a very complex and tedious process) and transfer them on a USB drive; you could install a later 3.8 kernel or you could re-install 13.04.

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.8-raring/

If you decide on a later kernel, be sure to download and install linux-image as well as linux-image-extra.


How do I set Firefox to use a custom theme for all new users?

Step 1: Download the theme file
Go to Firefox Themes website and download the xpi file of your favorite theme, say Arc Theme.

Step 2: Install the theme for all users
Open the downloaded theme file with Archive Manager.

You'll see an install.rdf file inside. Open it too and copy the ID between the first <em:id> and</em:id> you find, which in Arc Theme's case is {52c2877e-44e1-11e5-8874-a62d1d5d46B0}. Note the theme's internal name too, you'll need it later.

Rename the theme's xpi file with the ID you just copied. Then place the renamed xpi file in /usr/lib/firefox-addons/extensions/. To do so, open the Terminal and run this command:
pkexec env DISPLAY=$DISPLAY XAUTHORITY=$XAUTHORITY nautilus /usr/lib/firefox-addons/extensions/

and copy the xpi file ({52c2877e-44e1-11e5-8874-a62d1d5d46B0}.xpi in Arc Theme's case) to the File Manager window that opens up.

Step 3: Set the theme as default
Create a theme.js file (or a .js file with any name you like) in /usr/lib/firefox/browser/defaults/preferences/. To do so, open the Terminal and run this command:
pkexec env DISPLAY=$DISPLAY XAUTHORITY=$XAUTHORITY gedit /usr/lib/firefox/browser/defaults/preferences/theme.js

When the preferences file gets opened in Text Editor, copy and paste this into it:
pref("general.skins.selectedSkin", "arc-theme");

But, don't forget to replace arc-theme with the theme's internal name you saw in install.rdf!
Okay, that's all. Firefox is now set to use your favorite theme by default! Tested and verified on Ubuntu 14.04LTS with Firefox 45.

Background
Solus Project uses Firefox as it's default browser, but with it's theme set to Arc Darker 'out of box'. So, I poked around their firefox and arc-firefox-theme packages, found out how it works and then reproduced the method on Ubuntu.


Shutdown sounds were removed from Gnome, unfortunately. As for startup sounds, they should play fine (you shouldn't need to delay them; they'll continue to play after your desktop is available).

In System / Preferences / Startup Applications verify that "GNOME Login Sound" is enabled:

To configure a custom start-up sound, you'll have to create it manually at the moment:

mkdir - ~/.local/share/sounds/mysound
cd ~/.local/share/sounds/mysound
ln -s /the/sound/file/you/want.ogg desktop-login.ogg

And then in the same directory, create the file index.theme:

[Sound Theme]
Name=MySound
Inherits=ubuntu
Directories=.

Then you'll be able to select your theme in the drop-down of System / Preferences / Sound / Sound Effects / Sound theme.


Ubuntu 14.04 and Windows 8.1 dual boot, boot menu not appearing after windows "refresh". Looking for help in getting dual boot capability back

In theory, the following command, typed from an Ubuntu emergency disk booted in EFI mode, should fix the problem:

sudo efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sda -p 2 -l \\EFI\\ubuntu\\shimx64.efi -L ubuntu

That said, it looks like Boot Repair has tried this and failed. This puts you in a "messed up system" scenario. Most likely your NVRAM settings are corrupt and are confusing the EFI. Resetting everything to the default might help. If not, there are a number of other workarounds, which are described in various existing questions and answers here, such as:

efibootmanager -o changes are lost on reboot
Windows 8 removes Grub as default boot manager
How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?)


As far as I know you can only test applications if you install Ubuntu on your phone.  A list of supported phones can be found here and install instructions here.


Viewing (and managing) software compiled from "foreign" sources

See my comment above. To find all files on your system that were NOT installed through the dpkg packaging system, read man dpkg-query, man find (to reduce the files checked - I'm checking everything:

sudo find / -type f -print0 | \
    xargs -0 -n 1 dpkg -S | \
    grep "no path found matching pattern" >>/tmp/not-owned-by-dpkg

Since this will, for each file on the system, search every package for the filename, it's going to take a loooong time.


Installing the new Intel graphics driver made my emulator work.

First I installed Stable Open Source Graphic Drivers Updates but I don't think made any changes to my situation.

Then I found an answer on askubuntu.com to a question on how to install the drivers. The second answer did it for me which was to install mesa-utils

sudo apt-get install mesa-utils


Crontab -e opens new file each time I run it

These are temporary files created whilst crontab -e is invoked (i.e. while your editor is still open). Actual user crontabs are kept in:

/var/spool/cron/crontabs

So you can check there for crontabs you expect to exist. However these files are not supposed to be edited directly, you should continue to use crontab -e to edit/update your cron jobs. Alternatively you can edit the global crontab at:

/etc/crontab

which has an extra 'user' field for you to specify the user under which the command should be run.


Using disk image files (.iso) as a repository


Klick on the docky-icon.

Under "Dock Configuration", change hiding to "none".

Then click close.


How to invert Airplane mode light on laptop?

Some laptops may contain hardware that is meant to be used with Windows; these hardware may have settings hidden somewhere in the BIOS. They may not work or misbehave on Linux. If your laptop came with Windows on it, go to the BIOS, and change from "Advanced" or "Windows Compatibility Mode" to "Legacy" or "Normal", or something like that.

Note that this solution may not be possible if there is no option in the BIOS for that particular hardware.


I have 4 bad sectors on my hard disk, should I be worried?

I would say not. It is quite normal for a Hard Disk to have some bad sectors, they can be caused by many reasons, and four is a small number. A Harddisk can have bad sectors when it comes right from the factory. Bad sectors are listed by the disk controller and are remapped, not used anymore. Modern Hard DIsks have spare sectors to replace the defective ones. When the number of bad sectors is considered to be a problem depends on the standards of the manufacturer of the disk.

More interesting than the absolute number of bad sectors would be to check after some time, and keep track if the number of bad sectors increases.

Reference:

Bad sector - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
S.M.A.R.T. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Will Wine be just fine?

Depending on the software you want to run, sometimes you as well need the package winetricks

Check the wine documentation for the game:
https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=application&iId=10546

There seem to be two basic ways of getting things to work. With steam and without steam. For the steam-version there is a Gold and a Platinum Test for Ubuntu, so it should run fine.


How to automount usb drive reliably without fstab

You should get the UUID of the drive (e.g $ blkid /dev/sde1), then mount with /dev/disk/by-uuid/ instead of the normal method (e.g $ mount /dev/disk/by-uuid/[UUID] /media/drive).  The UUID is intrinsic to the disk, so it should work regardless of the device used to mount it.


How to play a song on mplayer on repeat?

Try:

mplayer -loop <repeat count>

Setting count to zero (-loop 0), should repeat it infinitely.


How to remove the right border of the starter in unity?


What will happen with ubuntu if I reset Windows 8 to factory default?

I can't be positive of what any specific utility will do, but as a general rule, a "factory reset" utility is likely to COMPLETELY WIPE YOUR DISK, INCLUDING YOUR UBUNTU INSTALLATION. Less radical repair utilities won't do this, but you must be very cautious about anything designed to restore the computer to its original factory state.

Instead of running a "factory reset" utility, you might consider obtaining a generic Windows installation image and use it to re-install Windows the "manual" way. This should be a bit safer, and will set up Windows without whatever bloatware your computer's manufacturer has foisted upon you. You can obtain Windows installation media legally from Microsoft; see this page, or do a Web search on "obtain Windows legally" or similar terms, to learn how.

Note that even re-installing Windows manually is not risk-free; a slipup or bug could end up wiping out Ubuntu. Thus, backing up your personal files is highly recommended. Keeping such a backup up-to-date in the future will help protect you against unexpected random problems -- disk hardware failures, accidents involving disk-partitioning or other low-level disk-access software, mistakes with rm or other file-removal tools, etc.


Strange white screen with mirrored black characters while booting UBUNTU

OK, I solved it that I installed a newer kernel 3.19.0-49-generic and it works fine.


Why isn't window-snap working on Ubuntu 12.04 + gnome shell

Ok I solved it. Apparently gnome shell has the same problem that it needs 3d acceleration turned on, otherwise it defaults to a skinned-down called gnome panel, which does not have windows snap.

I will keep the question and answer in case someone find them useful.


After downloading Ubuntu can I still access my Windows 10 files and photos/

Yes you will be able to access the Windows files in Ubutnu as a regular file system. Dual boot will not have any affect on your personal files.


The following script  lets you select a window , and will keep that window minimized while the script is running. It supports only one windows, so if you open new window of application - that window won't be affected.

You can run it easily like so:

python keep_minimized.py

When the script starts, mouse cursor will turn into a cross. Select the window you want to keep minimized. Now every time that window gains focus (be it via launcher click or Atl+Tab), it will be minimized.

You can obtain the script from here or from github gist

from gi.repository import GdkX11,Gdk
import subprocess
import time

def run_sh(cmd):
    # run shell commands
    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    out = p.stdout.read().strip()
    return out

def get_window_xid():
    for item in run_sh("xwininfo -int").split("\n"):
        if "Window id" in item:
           return item.split()[3]

user_selection = get_window_xid()
screen =  Gdk.Screen.get_default()
while True :
    time.sleep(0.25)
    active_window = screen.get_active_window()
    if int(active_window.get_xid()) == int(user_selection):
        active_window.iconify()


unattended Bionic server install - set language

As far as I know, preseed system only work with Debian Installer used by alternate ISO. It will definitely not working with live ISO.


If you are interested by installing gnu-radio from pybombs only, then read requirements for build it from sources, or look at build-script where you can see all needed dependencies for successfull build. Or, just run it, and it will do all job itself.

UPD: to avoid some possible errors, check if you gcc-compiler version are >= 5, but not => 6

UPD2: After reading the comment below, I will post a list of dependencies from the above script and, since you did not provide information about your version of the Ubuntu, I will use pkg-list for 15/16.

libqwt6 libfontconfig1-dev libxrender-dev libpulse-dev swig g++
automake autoconf libtool python-dev libfftw3-dev
libcppunit-dev libboost-all-dev libusb-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev fort77
libsdl1.2-dev python-wxgtk2.8 git-core
libqt4-dev python-numpy ccache python-opengl libgsl0-dev
python-cheetah python-mako python-lxml doxygen qt4-default qt4-dev-tools libusb-1.0-0-dev
libqwt5-qt4-dev libqwtplot3d-qt4-dev pyqt4-dev-tools python-qwt5-qt4
cmake git-core wget libxi-dev python-docutils gtk2-engines-pixbuf r-base-dev python-tk
liborc-0.4-0 liborc-0.4-dev libasound2-dev python-gtk2 libzmq libzmq-dev libzmq1 libzmq1-dev python-requests
python-sphinx comedi-dev python-zmq libncurses5 libncurses5-dev python-wxgtk3.0

Also, if you have already installed gnuradio via apt-get i'll recommend to remove it to avoid possible errors. If something goes wrong, you can always install them back :)


The concept you're looking for is command substitution, which uses the syntax $(command)

mkdir /home/john/$(date +%M)

You may also see the older 'backtick' syntax, `command`


Is there any way that windows can access my home folder?

Ext2Read works well. It can also open & read disk images ( eg: Wubi disk images)

  Ext2Read is an explorer like utility to explore ext2/ext3/ext4 files.
  It now supports LVM2 and EXT4 extents. It can be used to view and copy
  files and folders. It can recursively copy entire folders. It can also
  be used to view and copy disk and file

However, it doesn't support removable devices. It only supports internal HDD devices. For external and removable, get Linux Reader by Diskinternals


sudo apt-get update not connecting to repositories - GPG signature invalid / repository has no release file

For BADSIG error

It could be there is incorrect signature, to fix this, open a terminal and type:

sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 40976EAF437D05B5

Where 40976EAF437D05B5 is your bad signature key, use this command to resolve corresponding error by just replace last key.

Then, to avoid similar problem to occur again, you may want to clear apt software cache.

cd /var/lib/apt
sudo mv lists lists.old
sudo mkdir -p lists/partial
sudo apt update

For does not have release file error

The error implies that you have incompatible repository, such as:

Deadsnakes (DISCONTINUED)
HexChat stable
Audacity

Simply removing these repository would get rid the error, use --remove arguments on add-apt-repository:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/audacity
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:fkrull/deadsnakes-python2.7
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/hexchat-stable


This anacron cron job is sending emails to me - how can I redirect the output to null?

Rather than adding MAILTO=, after which cron won't send any emails at all, end the crontab entry with  > /dev/null 2>&1. This limits the scope of the "be quiet" to the entry that it ends with...


Ubuntu 18.04 stopped working with NVIDIA drivers

You might need to have Direct Rendering Manager Kernel Mode Setting enabled on system boot.
NVIDIA driver's PRIME Synchronization support relies on DRM-KMS, which is disabled by default.
Find more comprehensive information in the discussion on the NVIDIA GPU Unix Graphics forum.

Execute sudo nano /etc/default/grub and add the parameter nvidia-drm.modeset=1 to the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT. Save the change you've made and run sudo update-grub.
Restart the Ubuntu operating system, and now everything should work properly, right as expected.


Ubuntu 16.04 keeps using Intel GPU in Optimus System

I have two ThinkPads with Optimus. In both cases, they have a BIOS setting disabling Optimus and only revealing to the computer the Nvidia card: in this scenario, the Intel video disappears. However, this is the only way you remove the Intel video from the picture, so to speak, and this is not Optimus mode. In Optimus mode, or Hybrid mode, the laptop's display panel is run by the Intel hardware, and the HDMI or Display Port devices are run by Nvidia. If you choose Intel profile, the nvidia card turns off, but you lose external screens. When Nvidia profile is on, the Nvidia card does all rendering, but it sends the rendered frame to the intel video, and it is the Intel hardware which shows it on the laptop's panel. I read that some laptops do not have a way of enabling "discrete" video; it adds to the expense of the laptop.

Until X version 1.19, there was simply no way for the Nvidia driver to time these transfers to Intel to avoid tearing (the flickering you see). This is fixed now, but you need Ubuntu 17.04 or something else quite new to take advantage. It was a problem with the xserver software, and Nvidia's patches have finally been accepted.

So in Optimus mode Nvidia profile, both cards are used. It sounds a bit odd, but this is the only way the laptop can dynamically switch workload between the two cards. In Windows this makes sense because the Nvidia driver sends rendering to the Intel card when it is good enough. The Bumblebee software in linux does this, but Prime doesn't. Under Prime, Nvidia is always on, in Nvidia profile, and does all the work. The Intel driver is relegated to simply dumbly rebroadcasting to the laptop's panel. It doesn't save power. The only win is switching to intel profile is slightly more convenient than accessing BIOS settings, because you can switch by rebooting without entering BIOS.

To be honest, if I am using external monitors, I usually use the BIOS settings to choose discrete video (100% Nvidia), since there is no tearing (I am using xubuntu 16.04.2 and the nvidia/intel Optimus tearing fix won't hit until July's 16.04.3). To get tearfree in Nvidia, I enable the Nvidia driver option Force Composition Pipeline, but this may not be necessary for you.


You cannot "reinstall" windows if you do not have it currently on an ntfs partition. If your media allows you a fresh install, do that and you'll have to choose a custom install to choose / reformat a partition for it.


Is there a workaround for the bug that the username is not saved in openconnect VPN connection dialog

The following workaround worked for me (Source: Gitlab).
In a terminal (e.g. ctrl+alt+t):
nmcli con mod VPNNAME vpn.secrets 'form:main:username=USERNAME','save_passwords=yes'

Replace VPNNAME with the name you gave to the VPN connection and USERNAME with the username for this specific VPN connection.
Update Dec 2020: Sebastian Keller figured out the problem and made a commit to this problem, hopefully it will soon reach the different distros.


Get rid of name and hostname in a terminal prompt

You need to change this in your powerline config file which is normally located under ~/.config/powerline-shell/config.json.

If you haven't one yet you can create one using the following commands:

mkdir -p ~/.config/powerline-shell
powerline-shell --generate-config > ~/.config/powerline-shell/config.json

Then simply remove the segments you dont want like username or hostname.
For more information see the docs


How can I tell ubuntu to use only the external monitor?

I can suggest two possible options:

Using the special function key on your keyboard (e.g. Fn+F8) to
switch between using one or the other or both
Session Menu > System Settings > Hardware / Displays


Fn+F8 does not switch displays on a Dell E6410

Finally I gave up and decided to adopt the simpler solution of using disper.

apt-add-repository ppa:disper-dev/ppa
apt-get update
apt-get install disper

and then

disper -c to switch to external monitor and disper -s to return to main screen. I also configured a shortcut in xfce which I now use to map p to disper -c


Read man 5 interfaces, which says, in part:

NAME
   /etc/network/interfaces - network interface configuration for ifup and ifdown

DESCRIPTION
   /etc/network/interfaces  contains
network interface configuration information
for the ifup(8) and ifdown(8) commands.

This is where you configure how your system is connected to the network.

Then, carefully (with manual backup copy), edit the file. Read man 8 ifup and man 8 ifdown, too.


How to install github.com/ioi/isolate on Ubuntu

To install you need to open terminal and type:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libcap-dev asciidoc-base
cd ~/Downloads
git clone https://github.com/ioi/isolate.git
cd isolate
make
sudo make install

Then follow its local help about usage.


Virtualbox as available in the Ubuntu repositories does have VT-x support enabled. If the tab is not available, it could be that VT-x is not enabled in your BIOS. This is possibly needed even if vmx shows in cpuinfo. Reboot your system, go into the BIOS setup and look for the setting to enable virtualization somewhere in there. It's most likely disabled. You say "I believe that my hardware supports virtualization", but to know for sure, you need to go into the BIOS and enable it explicitly.


Yes. You can just unplug your windows hard drive and install it as your "only" operating system on the other drive. Follow any installation guide you want.

With both drives plugged in, you will be able to select which drive to boot from using the BIOS. It might also be possible to use GRUB, but with separate drives it would probably be more trouble than it's worth. Your BIOS should let you pick your default boot device in setup. When you want to boot your secondary boot device, most BIOSes will say something along the lines of "Press F12 to select boot device."


So I so looks like I managed to solve the issue. I edited the xml file of the vm specifically the part relating to the virtual disk drive I changed it from

<disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
      <source file='/srv/storage/images/kerio_control.img'/>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>

to

<disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <source file='/srv/storage/images/kerio_control.img'/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>

I also then had an issue with the network card and doing some hunting I changed the following as well

<interface type='bridge'>
  <mac address='52:54:00:11:c4:3b'/>
  <source bridge='br0'/>
  <target dev='vnet2'/>
  <model type='virtio'/>
  <alias name='net0'/>
  <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>

to

<interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:11:c4:3b'/>
      <source bridge='br0'/>
      <target dev='vnet2'/>
      <model type='e1000'/>
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>

Which was just changing the model type from virtio to e1000


What's the difference between - (one hyphen) and -- (two hyphens) in a command?

Generally:

- means to read the argument/content from STDIN (file descriptor 0)
-- means end of command options, everything follows that are arguments

Why needed:

About -:

$ echo foobar | cat -
foobar

Although cat can read content from STDIN without needing the -, many commands need that and their man pages mention that explicitly.

Now about  --, I have created a file -spam, let's cat the file:

$ echo foobar >-spam

$ cat -spam
cat: invalid option -- 'p'
Try 'cat --help' for more information.

$ cat -- -spam
foobar

Without --, cat takes s, p, a, m all as it's options as they follow -, -- explicitly indicates the end of option(s), after that -spam is taken as a file name.


When can i download ubuntu for a tablet?

For installing Ubuntu Touch (the developer edition, just a preview) on the Kindle Fire and other tablets, see here. That is a list of all the currently supported touch devices. In the column on the right you can find instructions on how to install Ubuntu on the device.

An odd guide on how to do this with the Desktop version (?): here


How do I make meshlab the default viewer for stl files?

I just solved the same issue. The problem for me was that meshlab was not listed in the context menu of Nautilus under "Open With Other Application". This was caused by the desktop launcher (/usr/share/applications/meshlab.desktop) that comes with the meshlab installation from the repository. I found the solution here.

This should work for any program for which you have a desktop launcher in /usr/share/applications/ (or ~/.local/share/applications/) but that isn't listed under "Open With -> Other Application ... -> Show Other Applications" in Nautilus:

Bring up a terminal and enter gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/meshlab.desktop  This will open a text editor after entering your password.
Add %f to the line Exec=meshlab (see picture)
Save and exit.
Now meshlab should be listed in the Nautilus context menu ("right-click on an .stl file -> Open With -> Other Application ..." ) from which you can easily set it as the default package.


boot stops at PCIe Bus error severity=Corrected, type=Physical Layer, (Receiver ID)

lspci -nn and lspci -tv shows the problem is with the wireless card. Adding pci=noaer to /etc/default/grub, and sudo update-grub did not fix or work around the problem. Booting to older kernels does not help. Computer will still not fully boot up.
Let's check your Ubuntu file system...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in “Try Ubuntu” mode
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

Update #1:
Ubuntu Live USB boots fine.
fsck found inode problems, and fixed them, but the computer still doesn't boot.
Reinstall Ubuntu.


Two finger scroll not working on a Samsung RV510

Have you tried going to the touchpad settings? If not, go to the settings menu and select the Mouse option. Then navigate to the Touchpad tab where it should have the option.

Hope it helps!


Since TeamViewer is closed-source, it's up to them to add multitouch gesture support. However, you could probably get some nice gesture features using Easystroke. It uses the mouse to do gestures.

Install it by clicking below:


undefined reference to symbol 'exp@@GLIBC_2.2.5'

Seems like the user who found the solution never shared it later. For guys who are trying to find the solution just add the math library explicitly and also add -ldl

So -lm and -ldl in the gcc line you are compiling and it should go just fine.

Alternatively, in most cases you can also explicitly define CFLAGS and alleviate the issue that way. These are just two ways of solving,

Example:

user@compiler-shell$ EXPORT CFLAGS=" -g -O2 -lm -ldl -Wall -Wpointer-arith -finline-functions -ffast-math -funroll-all-loops";


As you can see from package search the package libglapi-mesa in 12.04 neads one of the variants libglapi-mesa-lts-quantal or libglapi-mesa-lts-raring (or libglapi-mesa-lts-saucy within precise-updates). It seems as if these are backported versions of newer Ubuntu releases.
It is the same for libgl1-mesa-dri. If your last command doesn't work, try to install ibgl1-mesa-dri-lts-saucy instead.


How to alias the right way a dpkg-query command (with pipe)?

The ${} and $ are getting eaten by the shell due to the ", so the $ need to be escaped.

alias lspkg="dpkg-query -W -f='\${db:Status-Abbrev}\t\${binary:Package} - \${binary:Summary}\n' | awk -F'\t' '/^ii/ {print \$2}'"

Generally, when debugging shell commands one can use echo to check things out, as in:

$ echo "dpkg-query -W -f='${db:Status-Abbrev}\t${binary:Package} - ${binary:Summary}\n'
| awk -F'\t' '/^ii/ {print $2}'"
dpkg-query -W -f='\t - \n'
| awk -F'\t' '/^ii/ {print }'
$ _

Then, one can see what's missing by visual inspection.


Network configuration on boot taking longer than 60 seconds... why?

It looks like Fast Link (aka Portfast, etc) was disabled on my switch for this port by accident.

After enabling it everything is working perfectly.


How to open new tab in existing terminal instead of new terminal instance?

Use Tilix !

You can set the behaviour in the Preferences -> Global:

Screenshot from Tilix website:


Uninstalled python package, now the system is broken

To reinstall, run this from the command line (you said you can still access 'text mode'):

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-standard ubuntu-desktop

This should get your base setup working again, but I cannot say if any programs you manually installed will still be there as python is a critical package as you now know*.
If this does not work, you can try to recover your system with a live CD. See this answer about how to access your broken system from a live CD via chroot.

At point 6 you would need to reinstall all the things that were removed. As I don't know the current state of your broken system, you may or may not need to run the commands from the linked answer. Then, like above, run:

apt-get install ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-standard ubuntu-desktop

*) If you didn't choose to also delete configuration files, you might be able to easily reinstall the software via Synaptic: select the Not installed (residual config) item in the left pane, then select the software in the right pane for reinstallation:


How do I build Docker Machine from source ? (20.04)

To set the GOPATH variable on your machine, do this:

Open the ~/.profile file using your preferred text editor and add the following two lines to the bottom of the file:

export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin:$GOPATH/bin

Save the file, then reload your profile:

$ source ~/.profile

This should give you a valid GOPATH


Leave unollocated space in case of increasing partition size in the future?

No, Just keep it at the end of the disk to optimize performance as long as you don't need the unallocated space.  Once you need it, just do the necessary steps before you go to bed (moving partitions takes a long time) and let the computer work all night.
Yes. It just means that gparted will do an extend and move behind the scenes for you.
`


NFS mounts not happening at boot in 18.04 or 18.10

Try changing the options in your /etc/fstab on that line to read like the following:

iomega:/nfs/Music /music  nfs defaults,nofail   0   0

I use NFS at home as well, and these options have never failed me.

I am not sure what the code 32 means, but this one backs up my answer:

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2389242

Hope this helps!


For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

wget http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

Then install your desired package, using sudo apt-get install package being package any of these:

globus-gridftp
    GridFTP client and server tools

globus-gram5
    GRAM5 client and server tools

globus-gsi
    Globus Security Infrastructure tools for managing certificates and proxies

globus-data-management-server
    Server tools for deploying a GridFTP server.

globus-data-management-client
    Client Tools for data management, including the GridFTP client programs and globus-url-copy

globus-data-management-sdk
    Development headers and documentation for writing applications using the GridFTP APIs.

globus-resource-management-server
    Server tools for deploying a GRAM5 resource manager

globus-resource-management-client
    Client tools for resource management, including the globusrun tool, and the globus-job-* tools.

globus-resource-management-sdk
    Development headers and documentation for writing applications using the GRAM5 APIs.

Source:

http://toolkit.globus.org/toolkit/docs/6.0/admin/install/#gtadmin-install


MSI laptop WiFi fails in Ubuntu 18 LTS AOK in Windows 10

EDIT: new here, sorry, should have been a comment.

It works in newer kernels(I have it on a Prestige 15 with ubuntu 19.10 and Manjaro). I believe there is a backport of iwlwifi for the intel ax200 do a quick search. The same wifi chip is also in the Lenovo X1 Extreme gen 2 and P1 gen 2, razer 15, XPS 15 7590.

Here is a discussion. I didn't have to follow these steps because I had a 19.04 install which I moved over, and just updated to 19.10 to get the newer kernel.

Intel wifi Support for AX200 (Cyclone Peak)


How to integrate the panel with GNOME Themes in Ubuntu 17.10

Top bar style is controlled by GNOME shell theme. You may use (GNOME) Tweaks to change it.

First install Tweaks by running

sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Open Tweaks and go to Appearance section. Under Themes you'll be able to select an installed shell theme:

Important note: You won't be able to select any shell theme installed in your home directory by default. For that you'll have install and activate User Themes shell extension first.


I rarely install VirtualBox from the Ubuntu Software Center, because it is always outdated. I will show you how to install it manually:

Download the version with your correct architecture:

i386
amd64

Save the file in your home folder, then start up the terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T, and then run the following command:

sudo dpkg -i virtualbox-4.3_4.3.28-100309~Ubuntu~raring_*.deb

After that, if it still gives you a missing packages list, try:

sudo apt-get -f install

Last, but not least, you need to install the VirtualBox 4.3.28 Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack, after download, open it with VirtualBox, and you're done.


Run in terminal:

sudo apt-add-repository --remove ppa:michael-gruz/canon

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

sudo apt-get autoremove

See also:

How can I fix a 404 Error when using a PPA or updating my package lists?


I am using Avro in 18.04 LTS and it's working.

Here is the steps you need to follow.

Go to Language Support. Click install/remove languages.

Select Bangla from the list and click apply. After installing Bangla language support you should start installing Avro.

The resulting window should look like this:

Download and install avro from here on GitHub. I use 2.0 version

sudo dpkg -i avro_2.0-1_all.deb

You will see some missing packages. To install those, run the following command:

sudo apt-get install -f

Restart ibus

ibus restart

Now go to Settings > Region and language > Add an input source > Bangla > Bengali (Avro Phonetic)

Enjoy typing Bangla in Avro keyboard.


Photorec can try to recover whatever is still there. The files may be only partial files, old files, or newly deleted files.

You can, however, specify the file type and I believe you might be able to specify file sizes as well but I've never used such an option.

there is more info on the photorec wiki http://www.cgsecurity.org


How do I find the location of a mounted folder?

Mount the iso by command line:

sudo mount -o loop myIsoFile.iso /media/iso

then you will know were you mounted it.


Kill the notification area so I can use the awn-notification-area?

The notification area (PanelTray) is part of the panel, so I'm afraid this currently won't work in Natty.


What's the difference between python python3 and python3.7?

You have to change the call to the script like following

$ python3 vta/tests/python/integration/test_benchmark_topi_conv2d.py

You asked about the differences of the Python versions.

Python 3 is the successor to Python 2, and is not 100% compatible.

Not only has Python 3 new features, but also some Python 2 syntax is no more valid in Python 3.

Python uses semantic versioning, this means

the first numbers "2" and "3" is the major version
the second numbers "6" and "7" are minor versions, e.g. new features
the third numbers "17", "9" and "5" are patches, ie bug fixes


How to install an application called Free DV

First you would I'll mention that freedv is already in the default repository of Ubuntu.  You can install something from the repository by running this in the terminal commandline:

$ sudo apt-get install [program to install]

Replace [program to install] with the package name.  In this case the package name is freedv.

So you can install freedv with this actual commandline:

$ sudo apt-get install freedv

In direct response to the specific details of you question you can add specific sites to the repository by editing the /etc/apt/sources.list and updating the cache.  You would replace the variables with your actual installation.  In my case I'm running Ubuntu 15.10, which is code name wily.

So in this case I would edit the sources list with an editor such as gedit with:

$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Notice what is appended at the bottom of the file:

/etc/apt/sources.list:

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily main restricted

# This is a comment to remind me of what is appended by me to the list
# Freedv repo
deb http://repo.longlandclan.id.au/ubuntu wily main

Notice that you can include your own text comments in the file to remind you what changes you have made by prefixing the line with a # symbol.

After saving your file you would update the cache with:

$ sudo apt-get update

Then from there proceed to install (using the apt-get install command above.


Touch Screen Clicks Repeatedly on Press - Can't Drag

Installing the touchscreen drivers should solve the problem. Google the touchscreen company followed by "Linux Drivers" and install them.


How to optimize battery life when using a docking station?

Lithium-ion batteries have no "memory effect", so there's no advantage to fully discharging or fully charging. At least, there's no advantage for the battery. But laptops or their battery management systems do sometimes benefit from a full discharge and charge, but only to re-calibrate their monitor so it gives you an accurate percentage of remaining battery power. Don't do that very often, though.

The best things you can do to prolong your battery is:

Don't store the battery full discharged or fully charged. They like it best
at around the 50% level.

If a lithium-ion battery is discharged below 2.5 volts per cell, a safety circuit built into the battery opens and the battery appears to be dead. The original charger will be of no use. Only battery analyzers with the boost function have a chance of recharging the battery.

Also, for safety reasons, do not recharge deeply discharged lithium-ion batteries if they have been stored in that condition for several months.

Don't let it get hot for long periods of time. A battery in a laptop is subjected to a lot of heat from other components in the laptop. This is probably the biggest
killer of laptop batteries.
Allow partial discharges and avoid full ones

Unlike NiCad batteries, lithium-ion batteries do not have a charge memory. That means deep-discharge cycles are not required. In fact, it's better for the battery to use partial-discharge cycles.

There is one exception. Battery experts suggest that after 30 charges, you should allow lithium-ion batteries to almost completely discharge. Continuous partial discharges create a condition called digital memory, decreasing the accuracy of the device's power gauge. So let the battery discharge to the cut-off point and then recharge. The power gauge will be recalibrated. (https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/five-apps/five-tips-for-extending-lithium-ion-battery-life/)

For more details about ways to save power, please also consult:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/PowerManagement

Aside from that, your battery will eventually wear out. Lithium-ion cells have around 500 cycles on them, before they're significantly degraded. Even if you don't use them, aging will eventually wear them out, but that takes a long time. I have 10 year old laptop batteries that still have 80% of their rated capacity. If good cells are used in the laptop battery, they'll last. Of course, you don't really know what cells are used unless you break the battery pack to take a look.


Is there an official website containing a list of all apt packages with descriptions?

Website
Yes, there is one. http://packages.ubuntu.com
You can search for packages for all supported versions of Ubuntu.
For example, to quickly search for the package gimp, you can go to http://packages.ubuntu.com/gimp
Directly using apt
Alternatively, you can search from the package in apt itself.
apt search something shows all packages which has something in its name and description.
apt show exact-packagename-of-something shows all details (description, dependencies, recommended packages, name of the packager) of the package.
Manual pages
As mentioned in the comment by @codlord, you can go to http://manpages.ubuntu.com/ to search for manual pages (user guides) for any package.


It looks like you are trying to download and install the i386 version when you are running 64 bit ubuntu.

To correct this, run the following commands.

First, purge any existing version and then install gdebi:

sudo apt-get purge apmplanner2
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gdebi

Next, download the correct version:

wget http://ardupilot.com/wp-content/plugins/download-monitor/download.php?id=111
mv 'download.php?id=111' apm_planner2_latest_ubuntu_trusty64.deb

Now, install the correct version using gdebi:

sudo gdebi apm_planner2_latest_ubuntu_trusty64.deb

Also, the application is named apmplanner2 which is why you probably couldn't find it.


Install the driver this way

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rtlwifi-new-dkms linux-firmware

and reboot.

If you want bluetooth working, run also

sudo apt-get install rtl8723au-bt-dkms


How do I define the pulseaudio server during login?

Exporting the current pulseaudio server to a X-session root window can be done with

pax11publish -e -S <pa-server>

This will export the currently used source, sink, and configuration of <server-pa> to the X11-session window.

Switching back to default is done by

pax11publish -e -r

We have however no experience and can not test how FreeNX does this and if that command is applicable.


How do I recover data from an encrypted Home directory

Here is how you recover data from an encrypted home: (sdx should be your SATA drive)

sudo mkdir /recovery
sudo mount /dev/sdx /recovery
sudo mount -o bind /dev /recovery/dev
sudo mount -o bind /dev/shm /recovery/dev/shm
sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts /recovery/dev/pts
sudo mount -o bind /sys /recovery/sys
sudo mount -o bind /proc /recovery/proc
sudo mv /recovery/etc/resolv.conf /recover/etc/resolv.conf.orig
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /recovery/etc/resolv.conf

sudo mkdir /data-recovery
sudo mkdir /recovery/data-recovery
sudo mount --rbind /data-recovery /recovery/data-recovery
sudo chroot /recovery
su - user

ecryptfs-mount-private
cd /home/username

sudo mount -o bind /home/username /data-recovery

Remember, don't close the terminal until you are done with the data if you bind it.  Once you bind it you should be able to access the folder /data-recovery (from the LiveCD root) and pull all the data using a GUI.  If the last bind does not work, you can remove the last bind and simply cp -avr everything from /home/username to the chroot /data-recovery and it show up in the liveCD /data-recovery.


Selecting a [long] part of text in evince

Unfortunately, there is no menu element or dialog that lets you do this in Evince, but you can use a combination of the mouse and the keyboard to do it.

1) Go to your starting point and left-click the mouse. If you drag down while keeping the mouse button pressed, you will start highlighting. You can also start highlighting by pressing the down arrow.

2) To select hundreds of pages, keep the mouse button pressed and press and hold the down arrow. You can move hundreds of pages in a few seconds.

3) Watch the table of contents on the left (if the doc has one). When you are near your destination, keep the mouse button pressed but let go of the down arrow.

Warning: It may take several seconds for the display of the selection on the screen to catch up. Be sure to keep the mouse button down until you see your selection.

You probably won't be exactly where you need to be, you can use the arrow keys to adjust the selection as long as you don't let go of the mouse button.


Early 2008 Macbook Ubuntu LTS 16.04 stuck in tty1

Are you sure your desktop isn't hidden in another virtual console? I Have this problem sometimes on my Macbook Pro 4.1 (with Nvidia graphics), I get the desktop by switching to TTY7 (Ctrl+Alt+F7).

Anyway it seems this hardware doesn't really fit Ubuntu 16.04 64bit: I'm having problems with boot (long delay then an ata3 srts error), suspend and (never) resume...

Hope you'll get your Mac working!


Your temp6 is 127°C!!!! Either your laptop gets too hot, or somehow ubuntu sensors are messed up.

Either way, I think i know what is the cause of your problems, because something similar happened to me after updating my kernel to the 15.04 one (i'm still on 14.04) and in my case it was the fault of intel_pstate.

To determine if you DO have the same problem, i once had:
put

dmesg

in a terminal after playing Dota 2 and experiencing the rapid fps drop!
If you have any lines that include the following:

intel_powerclamp: Start idle injection to reduce power

then you most probably have the same issue as i once had, if not then something else is going rough. This is how i solved it:

install indicator-cpufreq, that will let you switch performance states of your CPU:

sudo apt-get install indicator-cpufreq

reboot and get to the GRUB menu press 'e', then put

intel_pstate=disable

as kernel parameter in the line where it starts with "linux /boot" just after "quiet splash".

After it boots: click the iconide of cpufreq, it should look something like this:

Either select "Conservative", or a frequency 2-3 steps below your maximum.
It should take care of all such overheating problems, as it did in my case

Samsung NP550P5C-S02GR intel core i5-3210M + HD4000, GT 650M Ubuntu 14.04.3 (Vivid LTS enablement Stack)


From man ld:

   -l namespec
   --library=namespec
       Add the archive or object file specified by namespec to the list of files to link.
       This option may be used any number of times.  If namespec is of the form :filename, ld
       will search the library path for a file called filename, otherwise it will search the
       library path for a file called libnamespec.a.

       On systems which support shared libraries, ld may also search for files other than
       libnamespec.a.  Specifically, on ELF and SunOS systems, ld will search a directory for
       a library called libnamespec.so before searching for one called libnamespec.a.  (By
       convention, a ".so" extension indicates a shared library.)  Note that this behavior
       does not apply to :filename, which always specifies a file called filename.

So, the files your looking for are libPhysics.so, libPhysics.a, libPostscript.so and libPostscript.a.

I can't find these files in the Ubuntu package archive, so I guess they were intended to be set up via earlier steps.

Check your work (did you type the command correctly, did the command work?) on the previous steps.


HP ENVY TouchSmart 15t-j000 Quad Edition + custom mSata Plextor M5M 64GB SSD

I have the same machine and getting Linux to run on it has not been plug-and-play.

Is the issue that the drive is not detected by the machine, or it will not boot from the drive?

If the drive is not detected, then double-check your connection or try a different drive. That sounds like a hardware issue to me.

In regards to the latter question, a few tips to get Linux (Ubuntu 13.04 for me) to boot:

Ensure legacy mode is ON
Make sure that partition is "bootable" (use gParted)

Kind of random, but if you keep trying to boot and you end up at a black screen, try turning the brightness of the screen up!

Best of luck!


How to make FreeMind render fonts smooth again?

The switch from Ubuntu 18.04 to 18.10 included the switch from OpenJDK 10 to 11, and probably that (re-)introduced a bug related to the configuration of anti-aliasing in all Swing-based Java applications, such as Freemind.

There is a general solution here, which still works in Ubuntu 18.10. But, at least in desktop environments based on the Openbox window manager (LXDE / LXQt / Lubuntu), the relevant options are not picked up by FreeMind when configured in any of the following places:

/etc/environment
/etc/profile.d/…
/etc/xdg/openbox/environment (recommended here)

Instead, use the following solution (assumed that you use the regularly installed Freemind startup script written in bash):

Create and edit the following file:

~/.freemind/freemindrc to configure anti-aliasing for your user only, or
/etc/freemind/freemindrc to configure it system-wide

Put in the following line and save the file:

_JAVA_OPTIONS='-Dawt.useSystemAAFontSettings=on -Dswing.aatext=true'

Start Freemind normally. Its start script will read the file you created and use the option provided.

Now, the Freemind editor text is properly anti-aliased.

The menu fonts are anti-aliased as well, but may have strange artefacts that makes them ugly in a different way. To fix this, you can switch to the "Gtk" or "GTK+" look & feel under "Tools → Preferences … → Appearance → Look and Feel → Look and Feel". But be aware that these themes have their own problems, just not about fonts. Update: The artefacts of the menu fonts were properly resolved with an update for Ubuntu 18.10 that came in around April or May 2019. No need to try the "Gtk" or "GTK+" look & feel anymore.

Note that if you installed FreeMind as a snap package, this solution will only work if you start FreeMind with the command /snap/freemind/current/freemind/freemind.sh. It will not work if you use the automatically generated desktop icons or menu entries, as these use a different wrapper mechanism to start FreeMind. (Which can be adapted as well, but I don't yet know how … .)


This is explained in the manpage (emphasis mine):

  Bear in mind that the size is rounded up to the next unit.
  Therefore -size -1M is not equivalent to -size -1048576c. The
  former only matches empty files, the latter matches files from 1 to
  1,048,575 bytes.

Note: next unit. With -1M, a file of size 6.7k (~0.007M) gets rounded up to 1M, because the unit in consideration is MB. Similarly, with -8k, the size gets rounded up to 7k, since the current unit is KB, and that is well within the limits.

So, for these commands:

find . -size -2M
find . -size -3M
find . -size -8k
find . -size -10k
find . -size -2G

A size of 6.7k will get rounded up to 1M, 1M, 7k, 7k, 1G respectively.

Now, going back to the quoted paragraph, do you see why -size -1x for any unit x will always only match empty files?


Well the best way to do this is to make a 1:1 backup of the whole drive and save it.

You could use simply dd, but to be honest there is a much better way to achieve this.

Simply use clonezilla, there is a live CD available you can use to copy one harddrive to another and even a restore option.

Looking into this tool is definetly worth it.

All you need is a second hard drive.

You can get more information on clonezilla here

Using DD

If your partitions are small you can use dd to safe them and dd to restore them. But as in real life, size matters. While the new partition being bigger ain't a problem (you can correct this with tools), the partition being smaller then the original one will result in a broken partition.

So if you'd like to go that route, make sure that the partitions you create on your new machine are at least the wsame size. I'd recommend a little bit more (because some crappy tools use factor 1000 as a base to calculate the space, whereas the correct value would be 1024).

You can find a documentation for using dd on the ubuntu community help page


Compiling CARMEN Nav toolkit on Ubuntu 10.04

I do not know the tool in question, but probably could be useful:

According to apt-search, tcpd.h is provided by the package libwrap0-dev (there seems to be a typo, "deb" instead of "dev");
About the error, the compilation stops because somewhere in the configure or Makefile gcc has been requested to treat all warnings as errors. The specific warning is one that could be normally ignored; you can proceed two ways:

edit the file global.c and, in line 411, put a (void) in front to the call to fscanf that is erroring out, or
edit the Makefile(s) and find where the option -Werror is added, and remove it. Then keep fingers crossed.

The best way would be to contact the authors of the software and reporting the problem.

BTW, going back to old releases is not a recommended thing to do; it would be a lot better to work with the developers to adapt the software to a modern one. It is more work on the short term, a lot less on the long one.

Good luck!


It is a design decision: Wubi is intented to be used for first time users of Ubuntu and should help answering questions like "Is Ubuntu something I can use?" without having to do any formatting, creating partitions or any other instruction that could potentially destroy their previously used OS.

If you want a full fledged install with lots of free space and any feature you might desire you will have to install it with as a multi-boot (or as a single OS removing any other OS).


Not able to dual boot my hp laptop with windows 10 already installed

Do not know HP 360 models. But lots of posts.

HP Spectre x360 Disable Optane (should use gpt to boot installer in UEFI mode, but MBR may work)

Windows 10 won't boot after dual boot installation - Optane volume

HP X360 Update UEFI F20

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2439220

HP Pavillion X360 13-a220nw

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2359510 &

https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1858477#p1858477

HP Envy x360 with Core i5-10210U Intel UHD Graphics Hardware Acceleration
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2432438

[Guide] Install Ubuntu 18.04 on HP Spectre x360 13"

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2414086

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2422113


Toshiba Satellite A105 boots 10.10 from live CD and works fine. (everything works) when I install it I can't get past login

Adding nomodeset to grub fixed the problem
gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Change the following line from
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"

Save the file. Reboot and you should be good to go.
(source)


How many physical processors does ubuntu support?

12.04 LTS (and later):

Desktop/Server 32-bit: 8 cores/CPUs
Desktop/Server 64-bit: 256 cores/CPUs (but LiveCD supports 64 by default)

11.10 and below, including 10.04 LTS

Desktop/Server 32-bit: 8 cores/CPUs
Desktop 64-bit: 64 cores/CPUs
Server 64-bit: 256 cores/CPUs


Unable to connect to Wi-Fi, curious problem

Have you tried connecting to an IP address, to check if it's a DNS configuration issue?  Try typing 64.34.119.12 in your address bar when connected via wireless. If this website comes up, your wireless access point doesn't set up your dns servers correctly (had the same problem with a broadcom wireless card on ubuntu 10.10)


read pdf document properties from terminal as seen in nautilus

You can use the program pdfinfo from the package poppler-utils. For font information you can use pdffonts from the same package.


You can install Ubuntu on any media except floppy disks and old CD's (I mean, they have to be larger than around 1 GB and be bootable). You can see a tutorial here (but only follow until step 3): How do I install Ubuntu?

Then boot your media. You should see the options "Install Ubuntu" and "Try Ubuntu". You can select Install Ubuntu for a direct install, or Try Ubuntu which lets you try Ubuntu, and if you want to install it there's an shortcut on the desktop to install it. When you get to the partition part, there should be an option saying "Remove Windows and install Ubuntu" (not sure exactly) with a message under it about something critical. Select it, and if the option isn't there, select the option "Something else" and delete the partitions that Windows uses (not your partitions with data, files, pictures, etc.) and make these 2 partitions:

1: A ext4 filesystem one, and set the mount point to /. Install Ubuntu on that partition.

2: This is not needed, but make a swap partition, which is a simple partition: A swap filesystem one. Make it as big as you want (but you should use something like 8-16 GB). Instead of using RAM, Ubuntu uses swap which is a kind of "RAM partition". You only need 1 swap partition if you have 2 Linux OS'es. You don't need swap, but it is highly recommended.

Configure the rest of the installation now.

Once you've done the install, reboot.


How to pause/resume transfer of large files?

I would recommened using rsync.

Example:

rsync -a --append source-file destination

If you want to see the progress, add the --progress option to the command.


You need to press the Tab key to move the selection over <ok> so it's highlighted, then press enter.


Going to the Google Chrome website crashes Ubuntu 14.04

I checked out the two websites that you mentioned in our previous discussion, and the first one, the one that crashes Firefox, works fine for me. But, I noticed that it's got some kind of strange Flash? moving graphic thingie on that page.

This leads me to believe that you may be running an old Flash v11.2 in your Firefox. So, I suggest that you use the second URL to download and install Chrome, then go to Synaptic and install pepperflash. This will allow Firefox to use the newer v21 Flash that is embedded with Chrome. Then I'll be that you can go back to that crashing URL and it'll be fine.

Keep me posted. Cheers, Al


How can I configure folder/file views in 12.04.4?

ls -a is used to list files starting with an . (dot) which are hidden files. So, you want to view also the hidden files in your file manager.

In Nautilus, the default file manager in Ubuntu, you can view hidden files by pressing Ctrl+H.

To make the change permanently, you need to enable Show hidden and backup files from Files → Preferences, Views tab:


WiFi super slow after 14.04 update on Toshiba Satalite M-55

Do:

echo "options ath5k nohwcrypt=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/ath5k.conf
sudo modprobe -rfv ath5k
sudo modprobe -v ath5k

Change the encryption to just wpa2 (CCMP)(AES) not (TKIP) if you have that option it will work best.

Change the channel to 1 or 11 they usually work best.
Save the router configuration, then reboot router  and unplug wired connection.

Set your wireless settings in network manager to match the screenshots.

Then reboot.


I would recommend Sound Converter. It is extremely simple to use for what you want. You can find it in the Software Center, or install it from the terminal:

sudo apt-get install soundconverter

Ubuntu Repo: soundconverter
Apt Link: Install soundconverter

All you need to do is open it up, change your preferences (Edit -> Preferences) then click the "Add File" or "Add Folder" buttons to add the music to be converted, and click Convert. It doesn't get much simpler.


If I'm not mistaken, -e is shorthand for --encryption. Try the next command instead:

losetup --encryption AES128 /dev/loop0 /dev/sdb1

or:

losetup -e AES128 /dev/loop0 /dev/sdb1

References:

$ losetup --help
 -e | --encryption <type> enable data encryption with specified <name/num>

Taken from the examples section of man losetup:

          # dd if=/dev/zero of=/file bs=1k count=100
          # losetup -e des /dev/loop0 /file
          Password:
          Init (up to 16 hex digits):
          # mkfs -t ext2 /dev/loop0 100
          # mount -t ext2 /dev/loop0 /mnt
           ...
          # umount /dev/loop0
          # losetup -d /dev/loop0


Install Lubuntu 14.04 LTS on a non-pae processor

I am refurbishing a number of Pentium M laptops. Intel chose to disable PAE in these chips.
I have used the "forcepae" command with mixed results.

This is how you do it using Lubuntu 14.04 LTS:

Boot from the live CD and after you chose the language, and get the next screen
HIGHLIGHT Install Lubuntu
Press F6 and Esc and then add "forcepae" (no quotes) to the command line
Press Enter

You get a warning and it may work about 30% of the time.


How to transfer files from Samsung Galaxy?

You need to put the mobile phone into mass storage mode, it is then recognized like a USB stick.
This website describe show it's done:
http://www.recovery-android.com/connect-samsung-to-computer.html


Why I have to command “source virtualenvwrapper.sh” every time I open a new Terminal for use workon?

When you open a new terminal, a NEW bash process is started. See man bash (or https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/en/man1/bash.1.html ), the "INVOCATION" section.

Inspect virtualenvwrapper.sh, and see if it can be merged with your current startup file.

Or, if your $HOME directory is clean enough, you could type ". vTab", instead of source virtualenvwrapper.sh.


How do you convert a dmg file to img in ubuntu?

You can use DMG2IMG.

To install, Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get install dmg2img

To use, just do dmg2img -i <input.dmg> -o <output.img>  See manpage


FATAL ERROR when installing openstack, ubuntu 14.04 with MAAS

Try to run sudo apt-get install juju before run sudo openstack-install.


Run,
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Click start menu and type, "update-manager -d", then select -> update mannager -d -> Check for updates, and you will get

Click OK to upgrade,after finished upgrade, Reboot system.


How to fix sudo after “chmod -R 777 /var”?

This is a security issue: inside /var are files that never are accepted when set to executable for "the whole world" (the 3rd 7 in your command).

If you did -not- use -R with that command this should fix it:

sudo chmod 755 /var

For future reference please read this:

Why shouldn't /var/www have chmod 777


Installing Ubuntu on HP envy x360 15cn does not detect the PCIe NVMe SSD drive

did you ever find an answer for this? I've been trying to install ubuntu on my x360 15m. I only have 1 SSD and the installer cannot see it.

In my research, I did see a situation where if you have 2 drives, you have to install and boot with just one, and then after you know it can boot, add the 2nd drive.


You cannot "enable" SSLv2 and SSLv3 since support for these protocols is not compiled into the binary by default. You have to specifically compile OpenSSL with options to enable support, see Simple way of enabling SSLv2 and SSLv3 in OpenSSL?.


How do delete songs from Sony Walkman MP3 player?

I have an IPod, and I have had great success using gtkpod. I dont know if it will work for you, but its probably worth a shot.

sudo apt-get install gtkpod


Key mapping under XWayland (like earlier with xbindkeys )

Just for the record, in case someone needs a quick recipe for swapping keys on Wayland (done on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS).

I've got a dumb layout on my notebook keyboard, and needed to swap the "right shift" and the "?" keys. So, following the advice from https://askubuntu.com/a/1023182/976363 I simply edited /usr/share/X11/xkb/keycodes/evdev as root, swapping the keycodes for both keys.

    <RTSH> = 62;
    ...
    <AB11> = 97;

became

    <RTSH> = 97;
    ...
    <AB11> = 62;

The actual key labels depend on your keyboard layout, which should be looked up in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/.


Disabling NVIDIA card on hybrid graphics laptop

Yes, you can:

Open NVIDIA X Server Settings.
Go to PRIME Profiles.
Select Intel.
Log out and back in or reboot.

Now you are using Intel graphics.

Update addressing your comments that you cannot access NVIDIA X Server Settings:

To open NVIDIA X Server Settings press the Super key (it's the Windows key) and type "NVIDIA".

If it doesn't appear, maybe the installation of the NVIDIA drivers is not complete.
In that case, open a terminal and execute:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-prime nvidia-settings

Then look for it again and you will find it.


Try this:

sudo rmmod iwlwifi

and

sudo modprobe iwlwifi bt_coex_active=0

Startup script:

If the above works you can create a startup script so that it will work when you reboot:

sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf

and add this line:

options iwlwifi bt_coex_active=N

sudo su
echo iwlwifi >> /etc/modules
exit


Certbot installation failed in Amazon Ubuntu 18.04

As per suggestion given in

https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/installing-certbot-on-ubuntu-18-04-problems/68778/5

I have changed /etc/apt/source.list first line as follows:

Original Line: deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic universe
Changed Line: deb archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted universe

After this change run apt-get update, then able to install the package and Certbot.


Yes, you also need to install VNC client on your XP machine. What are the numbers of your ports, which seemed to be differ? Ports should be the same. Just in case, If (some of) ports are busy and/or home router with number machines are involved you may need to use port forwarding.
EDIT:
For XP try TightVnc. I tried it, worked well for me. For Ubuntu it is X11VNC Server from basic repositary. sudo apt-get install x11vnc


auto mount drive or external drive on boot ubuntu 18.04 (dual boot system)

Automounting indeed involves adding a line to the configuration file /etc/fstab. The line contains six fields, separated by a space or tab, (1) the reference to the device you want to mount (device name or reference to UUID or LABEL), (2) the mount point, i.e., the folder where the mounted device is going to appear, (3) the file system, (4) the mount options, (5) the "dump" flag and (6) the priority for file system check during startup.

In your specific case, you most likely should substitute fuseblk by the actual file system of your device. You can easily see this in the output of the terminal command sudo blkid. Look in the line for your device, in your case apparently /dev/sdb1, and see what is listed for TYPE=. That will likely be ntfs or vfat for a drive that can also be read by Windows. Substitute fuseblk by the correct file system type as given by the command.

To quickly check whether your change is successful, you do not need to reboot. You can issue a command sudo mount -a to process /etc/fstab again. If all is well, you should see no output and your device will be accessible under /media/user/Downloads.

Ubuntu actually offers a tool that allows you to set up automounting using a graphical user interface rather than the terminal. This tool is "Disks". Select the partition you want to mount, then click the gear icon. One of the menu items allows you to edit mount options.


Strange extremely nonspecific error message, malware?

I wouldn't call it malware, it's just apport.

If you just want to get rid of the message and you feel comfortable leaving apport enabled, you can run the following command (remember, apport can sometimes send sensitive info so leaving it enabled is an issue of privacy but it does help the developers take care of bugs and performance issues):

sudo rm /var/crash/*

Alternatively, you can disable apport by running the following command:

sudo sed -i 's/=1/=0/g' /etc/default/apport; cat /etc/default/apport

The readout should display:

enabled=0

on the last line.

Next, you  should probably also disable the apport.service from starting automatically by running the following command:

sudo systemctl disable apport.service

You can safely ignore the subsequent warnings.

Finally, to stop the apport service:

systemctl stop apport.service


Can someone please tell me how to install xubuntu and ubuntu as two different operating systems?

1) You can repartition your hard disk. Keep XP on partition 1. Then install Ubuntu / Xuvuntu on partitions 2 and 3 and use GRUB as a boot loader.

2) Alternatively, install Ubuntu / Xubuntu in a virtual machine under Windows XP. Then no need to repartition your hard disk.

Option 2 is easy (e.g. using Virtualbox) and does not mess up your XP install.

Option 1 requires some skill. If you just want to "try" ubuntu to see how it looks/feels. go for option 2. Later you can then install ubuntu permanently using option 1 and still keep the XP available.


If you look you'll see that the RIL is not working listed as broke/not working.  Which means you will have no phone functionality.  Give it some time.  It's a bit early.  There was a write up about touch 1.0 on a nexus device.  Looks great but there are some real probems still.
Patience is a virtual.


sudo apt-get install gdebi-core

Note that in general you can search for packages using:

apt-cache search <search_term>

So for example:

apt-cache search gdebi

returns info on the gdebi-core, gdebi (GNOME GUI), and gdebi-kde (KDE GUI) packages.


I tried the answer below, but ran into a collision. It looks like "yate-client" installs "yate" as a requisite:

The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libspandsp2 yate yate-client

but then gives this collision:

dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/yate-client_6.0.1-ubuntu1-sico1~bionic_amd64.deb (--unpack):
  trying to overwrite '/etc/yate/fileinfo.conf', which is also in package yate 6.0.1-ubuntu1-sico1~bionic

This command-sequence gets around it

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:sico/yate
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-overwrite" install yate-client


Ubuntu 12.04 installed Rhythmbox 2.97 instead of 2.98

https://launchpad.net/~webupd8team/+archive/rhythmbox?field.series_filter=precise

Rhythmbox version in that PPA is "2.98.really.2.97-1ubuntu6.1~precise2". I think this means package version is 2.98, but packaged software version is really 2.97.


Unable to find GIMP after installation through Software Center

Open up the terminal(ctrl+alt+t) and then run the below command to run Gimp,

gimp


Just another Steam libGL and swrast error on lubuntu 16.10

That usually happens when you have some LD loading problem. Usually export STEAM_RUNTIME=0 is enough to fix everything.

Otherwise see the workaround recommended here.


No. Generally we do this manually: boot from live session, and pick "install Ubuntu". A factory reset also erases all personal files so it basically is a re-install with format of all partitions.

The only systems with an automated factory reset are from OEM dealers (So you need to buy a system with Ubuntu on it. Dell Ubuntu systems have it) but I doubt it is very useful: when a new release comes the factory reset does not know about it so you would revert back to an older Ubuntu that might be at end of life at some point.

Closest you will get to a "factory reset" of your current system is the following set of commands:

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt update
sudo apt -f install
sudo apt dist-upgrade
sudo apt install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt clean
reboot

change the "ubuntu-desktop" to the one you want.


How can I get updates about a LoCo team?

you can contact the Ubuntu Loco Community Council from their Launchpad page or Community council.

https://launchpad.net/~communitycouncil


Lost autocompletion in Time&Date location dialog

This is a confirmed bug:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity-control-center/+bug/1440157

The launchpad link contains a temporary fix. It has been fixed but is waiting to make it's way to the stable repos.


function projectcd() {
  arg="$1"
  if [[ ! -z $arg ]] ; then
    cd $arg
  elif [[ $(pwd) == /home/user/project/root/* ]] ; then
    cd /home/user/project/root/
  else
    cd
  fi
}
alias cd=projectcd


Will this script safely (un)mount an NTFS partition for a swapfile?

Since I know you're new to Ubuntu, here's a few general comments.

1. Put that partition in your /etc/fstab

First off, in your script you use the line sudo mount -U 80EA3F58EA3F49A4 /media/ubuntu/LENOVO to mount your NTFS partition. I would suggest to add that partition to your /etc/fstab and map it to the UID of your partition there. Since you're on a single-user system, you may want to have an entry similar to this in your /etc/fstab:

UUID=80EA3F58EA3F49A4 /media/ubuntu/LENOVO ntfs rw,exec,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=0002,nls=utf8,noauto  0  0

Most importantly, this tells the system to bind the mount point /media/ubuntu/LENOVO to the UID 80EA3F58EA3F49A4. That way, in the future (and thus in your script) you can simply use sudo mount /media/ubuntu/LENOVO instead of sudo mount -U 80EA3F58EA3F49A4 /media/ubuntu/LENOVO. If the UID changes in the future (because you reformat the partition), it's better to have only one central place, /etc/fstab, to edit rather than 20 scripts you may have lying around.

This also mounts the filesystem with various common options for NTFS partitions: read-write mode (rw), permit the execution of binaries (exec), make all files and directories on the file system belong to the user 1000 and group 1000 (uid=1000,gid=1000) (that's your normal user), set the permissions bits for all files and directories to 775 (umask=0002), set the character set for filenames to UTF-8 (nls=utf8), and do not mount the partition automatically (noauto). Refer to fstab(5) and mount(8) for more information. I personally find it convenient on my single-user system to be able to access all files on my NTFS partitions without having to use sudo, but of course your mileage may vary.

You may also want to drop the noauto option. Then, the partition will be mounted whenever the command mount -a is run, and in particular, at boot time (and thus, it would typically be mounted the whole time). Then you wouldn't even have to use the mount and umount commands in your script at all, but I don't know if you want that.

2. Don't use umount with -l

From umount(8):

  The recommended use-case for umount -l is to prevent hangs on shutdown due to an unreachable network share where a normal umount will hang due to a downed server or a network partition.

So this option is at least rather unusual to use in your case.

Whether you run umount with or without -l, a partition will not be force-unmounted (there's the -f option for that). Rather, when you don't use -l and the partition is still busy, the unmount will simply fail and return an error message; when using -l and the partition is still busy, it will be detached from the filesystem hiearchy now (meaning you cannot access it anymore), but pending I/O operations will be silently completed in the background.

Since there shouldn't be any pending I/O operations after you've run swapoff, by not using -l you would at least notice if something is odd, because if the partition is unexpectedly still busy then the unmount command would output an error message.

3. Add error handling

You execute all commands in sequence, but don't check whether the previous command worked. So, e.g., if the mounting fails, then the swapon command will be nevertheless attempted but fail, and then your game will start even though the swap was not activated.

Try this:

#!/bin/bash

echo "Mounting partition..."
sudo mount /media/ubuntu/LENOVO

if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    echo "Could not mount partition, mission aborted." >&2
    exit 1
fi

echo "Opening swapfile..."
sudo swapon /media/ubuntu/LENOVO/swapfile.img

if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    echo "Could not activate swap, mission aborted." >&2
    exit 1
fi

steam steam://open/minigameslist

echo "Closing swapfile..."
sudo swapoff /media/ubuntu/LENOVO/swapfile.img

echo "Unmounting partition..."
sudo umount /media/ubuntu/LENOVO

echo "Mission accomplished!"


Software center failing to install Softwares

You have to try with some other server .
you can set default server Nothing but main server .
don't worry about server issues because they are temporary. they might be down for maintenance .

you can try again after some time .


Eject second internal hard drive in Ubuntu

In the Files app, you have a sidebar on the left. You will see a little triangle next to the mounted device.

Click on it, and your drive will be unmounted (a.k.a. "ejected").

If you have chosen to see mounted drives on the desktop, you will have a right-click option "Eject" there as well.


I'm using vsftpd on an internal server, so I can only answer for that one…

vsftpd has basically two parameters to control the directory listing in its /etc/vsftpd.conf

dirlist_enable
    If set to NO, all directory list commands will give permission denied.

    Default: YES

dirmessage_enable
    If enabled, users of the FTP server can be shown messages when they
    first enter a new directory. By default, a directory is scanned for
    the file .message, but that may be overridden with the configuration
    setting message_file.

    Default: NO (but the sample config file enables it)

download_enable
    If set to NO, all download requests will give permission denied.

    Default: YES

So in your case, you should definitely add:

dirlist_enable=NO

as a minimum and depending on your use-case, also disable downloads and dirmessages.  (and that's why I added the download_enable parameter, which doesn't really control any directory listings)

Source: man vsftpd.conf

Having said all that, on a public server, I wouldn't allow standard ftp to run any more, but would use something like sftp.


how to restart a service on reboot after server service is running?

If this is Ubuntu Desktop as opposed to server, you could try using a GUI services manager like BUM. I believe you can manually set triggers for your service. However, if you are setting the trigger conditionally on a host (server) being up, I believe first you'll need to create a script to check the status of the host. Use a script like the one below to check the status of you host and create a file in your tmp directory.

#!/bin/bash

 target=<host>

 count=$(( ping -c 1 $target | grep icmp* | wc -l )

 if [ $count -eq 0 ]) > /tmp/alive.txt

else

    exit

fi

Then set the trigger on your service to run conditionally on the "alive.txt" file being created.


Ubuntu connecting to two wifi adapters(only want one)

I suggest that you unload and blacklist the driver for the internal device. From the terminal:
sudo -i
modprobe -r ath10k_pci
echo "blacklist ath10k_pci"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
exit

You also may have fewer drops with:
sudo sed -i 's/3/2/' /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/*

Is there any improvement?