network-manager no longer starts automatically

Your problem is that you have removed the file /etc/network/interfaces; you need this file.

The network configuration hangup at boot time is a common issue. To recreate the file, open a terminal and execute the following command:

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

Then, copy and paste the following into the file:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
#
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

Press CTRL + o and then press ENTER to save the file. Press CTRL + x to exit the file.

Restart network-manager:

sudo service network-manager restart

Finally, to make it start up automatically execute the following command:

sudo update-rc.d network-manager defaults

Reboot to check your work.

Please post any errors or fail.

If that doesn't work, edit /etc/init/failsafe.conf:

sudo nano /etc/init/failsafe.conf

Look for "sleep" and change the number from 20 to 5 so that it looks like this:

sleep 5

Then comment out the following lines by placing a # at the beginning of each line so they look like this:

# $PLYMOUTH message --text="Waiting for network configuration..." || :
# sleep 40

# $PLYMOUTH message --text="Waiting up to 60 more seconds for network configuration..." || :
# sleep 59

This changes the wait time from 2 minutes to 5 seconds.

One last thing you can do is reinstall network-manager to replace any missing files:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall network-manager


How can I install python-setuptools-git on precise?

You can install this by running the following command:

sudo easy_install setuptools_git


What's the difference between gs and pdftk in merge pdf files?

I guess It's hard to tell what is better because it depends on your inputs and expectations. I don't know the details of gs but I wouldn't use pdftk and this is why:

I can tell from the sources that pdftk uses iText 1.x as its PDF engine. iText is an OSS java library and the version used in pdftk (according to the producer in the info dictionary of the generated docs) is circa 10 years old, beyond stable or mature.. it's ancient. In the past 10 years a lot of fixes have been applied to iText which is now at version 7 (and those fixes are not in pdftk) and the PDF spec has moved and is slowly moving leaving iText 1.x behind. So, unless they upgrade to some newer version of iText, you can expect most of the files to work but also bugs and errors with a tendency to grow over time.


You can do so by reassigning releasing the Super key alone to a specific shortcut. For this, you need an additional little tool such as xcape(available by default in the Ubuntu repositories) or `ksuperkey'.

First, disable the existing binding of Super:

gsettings set org.gnome.mutter overlay-key ''

Then, have the tool to redirect pressing and releasing Super autostart during login with the following command:

xcape -e "Super_L=Super_L|a"

As Super+a triggers the application overview, this command will trigger that binding if you press and release Super.


Ubuntu 12.04 does not automatically upgrade to 14.04. Why?

Assuming you ask why you have not been prompted to upgrade. At first hand it depends on your settings.

Start software-properties-gtk and select the Updates tab. At the bottom you find the label "Notify me of a new Ubuntu version", and that's the one. If you have the "For long-term support versions" selected, you will be notified only after the 14.04.1 release. If you change it to "For any new version", you should be notified instantly about the possibility to upgrade to 14.04.

Another option is to run

update-manager -c

from a terminal window.


Typically running the following should work:
 sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 99E82A75642AC823
 sudo apt-get update

In this case, I don't think this will work because:

There is no trusty packages for octave as you can see from here

User samrog131 no longer maintains a PPA as you can see from here

It is better to remove these PPAs from your sources list. Read an excellent answer from  How can I fix a 404 Error when using a PPA or updating my package lists? to know how to do that.


Is it possible to install from a mounted ubuntu-11.10-desktop-i386.iso already downloaded to the desktop?

As no one else has answered you, I will say in my ignorance that it will not be possible but I think that you can come at it from another direction. Imagine an empty but formatted hard disk as another kind of removable media. How would you use such a hard disk to install Ubuntu. Let us examine the ways we install Ubuntu.

1) From a Live CD. We take a blank CD disk and burn the iso image to the CD. This unpacks the iso image and we then boot from the CD and we get working Linux that lets us install Ubuntu.

2) USB stick. We take an empty but formatted USB memory stick and we use Startup Disk Creator to unpack the iso image to give us the same kind of working Linux that we get on a Live CD.

You cannot use either of those methods. So, perhaps you can try this. It may work. It may not.

a) Hard disk. Take an empty but formatted hard disk and connect it to a machine that has a working operating system preferably Ubuntu.

b) Use Archive Manager to uncompress the iso image on to the empty hard disk. The iso image would be on the working machine not the problem machine. Startup Disk Creator may also do the job but as I have only ever used Startup Disk Creator once and that was with a USB stick I cannot say for sure.

c) Connect the hard disk with the uncompressed/unpacked Ubuntu iso image on it to the problem machine and boot the machine from this hard disk.

With a bit of luck you might get a working Linux of the type that runs from CD and USB stick which you can use to install Ubuntu onto the hard disk that will be the main drive of the problem computer. And as it is connected to the machine it is going work in Ubuntu will be set up for that machine.

Good luck. This may be a first.

If you cannot do because you do not have a spare hard disk, try attaching the disk from the problem machine to the working machine and using a Live CD or USB stick to install Ubuntu on to the second hard disk. Then put this disk back into the problem machine and hope you get a working Linux from which you can update more appropriate drivers.


Have you performed updates?

To update  system software open up a terminal (Ctrl-Alt-T) and run these commands:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

It will ask you for your password iand you'll have to confirm downloads.

After that I'd check for additional drivers. Type this the following or just open the tab in the software center.

software-properties-gtk --open-tab=4

Sometimes there are updates available for your audio drivers.


I found the culprit. It was iredmail. There was a script in /etc/init.d/iptables that loaded iptables. This was conflicting with ufw preventing ufw from being enabled on boot. Once I stopped this script from running on boot my problem was solved. ufw is enabled on boot now.


Why are the CPU frequency timing statistics all zeros?

There is a problem regarding this in the Linux kernel 3.11. The bug was fixed with the following patch:

http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.cpufreq/11672%3E

https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/9/7/126

Upgrading your kernel (to 3.12-rc1 or higher) should fix the problem.


Rectangle selection boundary is too thick in GIMP

You can't get it back - this is the only selection outline in GIMP 2.8. If you need precise control, you can zoom in - for example in a second view of the image.


fsck.ntfs is usually only a link to ntfsfix which is an utility from the package ntfsprogs that is already available with a standard installation of Ubuntu.

You can make a simbolic link between fsck.ntfs and ntfsfix to solve this permanently:

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/ntfsfix /sbin/fsck.ntfs
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/ntfsfix /sbin/fsck.ntfs-3g

Keep in mind that this utility came from a reverse engineering process and are not the best option to manage your filesystem, the NTFS filesystem does not belong to the GNU/linux world.


Print margins on Firefox (also with Print Edit)?

Click on the Main menu and choose Print

Go to the top and clik Page setup

Then click on where you would choose A3 and go to the bottom of the list to Manage custom... click on that option and you'll be presented with this box.

If you want to use Chromium in the future just press CTRL + P and click on Margins -> Custom on the left panel.


Why you are trying to install it with pip? While it is packaged.

sudo apt-get install python3-matplotlib


There are 4 ways that I can think of for installing/using the radeon driver:

Use the built-in open-source version of it (isn't too ideal for gaming though)
Use Ubuntu's built-in driver detection & installation tool: Jockey
Install the catalyst driver using the 3rd party installer (what you did)
Install the catalyst driver in the ubuntu repositories: fglrx

We'll first undo what you did in the 3rd method (very important to do this before anything else), so open a terminal, and run one of these commands (run the first, if it doesn't work, run the second, etc...):

sudo aticonfig --uninstall
sudo sh ./amd-driver-installer-catalyst-13.1-legacy-linux-x86.x86_64.run --uninstall (cd to where that file is located first)
sudo sh /usr/share/ati/amd-uninstall.sh

Next, we'll try to use Jockey to install it:

sudo jockey-gtk

Somewhere in the list, this text should appear:

ATI/AMD proprietary FGLRX graphics driver

Select that, then click Activate, and once it's done, reboot, and test it by running:

glxgears

If it returns No command 'glxgears' or The program 'glxgears' is not installed (or similar), run this:

sudo apt-get install mesa-utils

And then repeat the test. If everything goes fine, there should be a window with gears moving around, and in ~5 seconds, it should report the framerate.

Now if it doesn't work, we'll have to install it by hand:

sudo apt-get purge fglrx
sudo apt-get install fglrx
sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak
sudo aticonfig --initial

Then reboot. Repeat the test that I listed above, and it should work.


How can I stream music files from Android Phone via wifi on ubuntu 12.10

I publish an application on Google Play called AirSong. This application lets you listen to the music you have on your device at any PC with a browser (Chrome, Firefox, Opera). You can find this application here: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.autoindent.airsong


Firefox - Websites with custom fonts not displaying

This is a combination of a few things: TexLive is installing fonts in a not-so-standard location, and the webpage is requesting a font that Ubuntu's fontconfig package thinks is better fullfilled by one of the TexLive fonts rather than a normal font. Firefox is then told to use the TexLive font for rendering, but it's not allowed to reach it from inside its security sandbox.

The recommended workaround is to set

security.sandbox.content.read_path_whitelist to /usr/local/texlive/

in about:config, and restarting the browser.

This is fixed on a more fundamental level in Firefox 58 and later.


How to remove the graphical user interface?

It is not needed to remove the GUI (unity, lightdm, compiz, etc.) from the system.

You can leave it and just make your default boot as a text mode and if once you need a GUI you can restore it easily.

open /etc/default/grub as root in your favourite text editor, for example sudo vi /etc/default/grub And change the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
To GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="text" and update Grub.sudo update-grub
Your system will then always boot to text mode.

If you once want to use GUI you can easly start lightdm, the GUI:

sudo service lightdm start

Here are some hints that you may use to increase performance of your system.


You should open the file that is mentioned in the error with sudo rights.
And you should replace all of these:

exports: ["UbuntuColors -1.-1"]
exportMetaObjectRevisions: [-1]

With something like this:

exports: ["UbuntuColors 1.1"]
exportMetaObjectRevisions: [1]

Save the file and restart qt creator.


Show Wine (Windows) System Tray in Ubuntu 16.04

This indicator extension organizes system tray icons into a drop down, which solves this problem for me with Wine apps.  Thanks to Gleb Golovachev

https://github.com/GGleb/indicator-systemtray-unity


Starting gdm (manually or during boot) doesn't do anything

I suspect a bug. Maybe gdm's crashing on launch.

In theory sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get --purge --reinstall install gdm might help if it's corrupted or (more likely as it was likely upgraded when you upgraded your release to Utopic) its config is bad. So I'd try that first.

When that fails, I suggest enabling automated bug reporting to Launchpad, then see if you're offered the chance to submit a bug report when you launch gdm with sudo start gdm. (On 14.10, you likely do not need to do this, as development releases are set up to let you report bugs in this way.)

That works for the typical case of checking to see if a program that doesn't appear to run properly is crashing. But since a GUI is likely not running when you attempt to start gdm (if one is, maybe that's the problem!), you may have to manually check to see if Apport generated any data on the crash.

Assuming you're running sudo start gdm from a text-based virtual console, which is the usual case, you will likely not actually be informed explicitly of the crash. But assuming you set up Apport as detailed above, you can then check to see if there is a .crash file in /var/crash for gdm.

You can then continue the bug reporting process by running ubuntu-bug ... (from in a GUI) or apport-cli ... (non-graphical), with ... replaced by the name of the .crash file, including the .crash suffix. Either do this from the /var/crash directory or start the filename with /var/crash/.

If Apport generated .crash file and/or prompted you to report a bug, that confirms it's a crash (and thus almost certainly a bug). You can go through with the report, but please read this first.


No. That is you cannot easily expand your /dev/sda1 partition.

You could probably free up space on /dev/sda1 with the purge-old-kernels script (see http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man1/purge-old-kernels.1.html)


I have two Ubuntu Software Centers, one can be opened, another one can't

In 16.04, Ubuntu Software Center (ubuntu-software-center) was replaced by Software Install (gnome-software, or simply "Software" in Dash).
Most likely you had some left overs after upgrading from 14.04to 16.04. Subsequently, you reinstalled the old Ubuntu Software Center, while the newer gnome-software was also installed.
What to do
Since we do not know for sure what exactly happened and why, do the following:

Run the command
 sudo apt-get --purge remove software-center

Look into both ~/.local/share/applications and /usr/share/applications if you find any left-over .desktop files, named ubuntu-software-center.desktop, remove them if so.

Run
 sudo apt-get install gnome-software

After that, log out and back in to make sure, and gnome-software ("Software" in Dash) should be the only one.


You can find this setting in CompizConfig Settings Manager (CCSM): Desktop section → Ubuntu Unity Plugin → Launcher tab → "Key to put keyboard-focus on launcher"

You can install CCSM from the Software Center, or run

sudo apt install compizconfig-settings-manager

And you might need to log out and back in for it to take effect.

Source and more details: How to Tweak Unity on Ubuntu With the CompizConfig Settings Manager - How to Geek


As per the instructions on How to Install Python 3.8 on Ubuntu, Debian and LinuxMint – TecAdmin, try the following:
Prerequisites:
Install [and or update] the following packages; build-essential, checkinstall, libreadline-gplv2-dev, libncursesw5-dev, libssl-dev, libsqlite3-dev, tk-dev, libgdbm-dev, libc6-dev, libbz2-dev, libffi-dev, zlib1g-dev.
sudo apt install build-essential checkinstall
sudo apt-get install libreadline-gplv2-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev libffi-dev zlib1g-dev

Thereafter, change directory (cd) to your opt folder [or any convenient folder] and download the python source code from python's server:
First change directory (cd) to the 'opt' folder:
cd /opt/

Download the source code
sudo wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.3/Python-3.8.3.tgz

Extract the [downloaded] source code files
sudo tar xzf Python-3.8.3.tgz

Change directory (cd) the Python Folder [created after the extraction]
cd Python-3.8.3

Compile the source code
sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations

then
sudo make altinstall

Once the compilation is completed, you can confirm that Python 3.8 has been installed successfully with:
python3.8 -V

You should see the response Python-3.8.3.
However, to precisely answer your question, python 3.8 isn't available via ubuntu official repos. You would have to add a PPA to get python 3.8 using sudo apt install [python3.x.x].
The process is described on How to Install Python 3.8 on Ubuntu 18.04 | Linuxize
Hope this helps and I hope I answered your question adequately.


Android ties into Gmail not a local computer. Managing your contacts from Gmail and Google+ is easy and quite good.

Using Android should give you all you need. Getting yourself a google mail address would be the first step then importing all your contacts into there. From there you can tie them to their google+ accounts, emails and phone numbers.

Once you get a android phone you tie your Google Mail address to it so it imports all your contacts from Gmail into phone for you. As soon as you start signing into Twitter, Facebook etc. It does most of this for you. Pulling pictures and contacts together to build your phone book for you.

Word of warning though. I find facebook takes over your address book with people you barely no or are just friends with on facebook so i dont let that sync all my contacts. ( Recently deleted my account )

It can be done. But these eco systems tie you in which ever one you choose to use.


Where is the UIM notification area icon in Unity?

There is an indicator in oneiric, but it is part of the "application-indicator", and pulls settings from gnome-settings-daemon.

So, to enable it, add the input method via System Settings->Keyboard Layout, which is the gnome-settings-daemon config tool for this purpose.  You'll get an indicator in the Unity launcher (but not the greeter) with a dropdown of configured input methods.  Also, in that settings module, there is an "Options" button that brings you to a number of settings, including the keybinding for changing layout.

I just checked there there is a Tibetan layout available, and that it works.  At least, it looks like it works to someone who can't read Tibetan.  ;-)


How can I use AMD drivers for AMD A10-8700P Radeon R6 on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS?

Load Ubuntu onto a flashdrive/CD and load the Ubuntu live option at boot. If everything load fine and Ubuntu runs ok you should be set, if any other issues come up you should be able to fix them.


How do I enable the "Scale Window Title Filter" in Compiz on 12.04?

Enabling the Scale Window Title Compiz filter in Unity 12.04
1. What does the scale window title filter do?

The Super+W shortcut shows you miniature (scaled) versions of all the windows in your current workspace, and you can click on any one of them to switch to it.

The somewhat oddly named scale window title filter allows you to type and filter windows out in the scaled view based on the titles of the windows. It's useful to narrow down things when you have many applications/windows open.

2. How do I install it?

You will need the Compiz Config Settings Manager (ccsm) and some extra Compiz plugins. Open up the Software Center, search for (a) "compizconfig" and (b) "compiz-plugins-extra" and install those packages (see screenshots below). (Those who prefer apt-get can install the packages compizconfig-settings-manager and compiz-plugins-extra instead)

Close the Software Center.

3. How do I activate it?

Statutory Warning: Compiz Config Settings Manager is an advanced tool and one tiny mistake, typo or an accidental click of the mouse can leave your desktop unusable, requiring time and effort to fix it. Please be very careful and follow instructions...thanks. If you mess up, please see this answer on how to fix things.

CCSM can become unstable and crash if you try changing settings with multiple windows open. I highly recommend you close all running applications before trying this.

Start CCSM from the Dash by typing "compiz" and clicking on its icon:

Type "title" in CCSM's Filter box to see the "Scale Window Title Filter" appear on the right side (see screenshot below). Click on the checkbox next to it, and it will be highlighted orange. You may get a popup asking to also enable the "Text" filter -- click OK if that happens. Close CCSM.

4. How do I use the scale window title functionality?

In this example, we'll use a workspace with six windows: two Terminals, one Firefox, one Writer, one Software Center and one System Settings.

Press Super+W to bring up the scaled windows:

Typing one letter s reduces the windows shown from six to the four that have s in their titles: Software Center, System Settings and the two terminals (because my machine has "precise" in its name):

Typing something unique to the title of an application -- my username izx -- reduces the windows to the two terminals:

Similarly, wri for Writer shows you just that window, nearly maximized.

Click on any window at any point to bring it to the front.

As you Backspace out while typing, the view is adjusted to match.

You can clear the filter and go back to the unfiltered full view by pressing Esc at any time.

5. What settings can I customize for this filter?

Start CCSM again (be careful!), filter for "title" and click on the "Scale Window Title Filter" to bring up its settings. Exce

Under "Behaviour" (best left untouched) you can set the:

Filter timeout in seconds (if you haven't typed in this much time, text will be cleared and you will go back to the unfiltered scaled view)
Case-sensitivity of the filter
Whether the typed text is shown on the screen

Under "Appearance", you can adjust:

Whether the filter text is bolded or not
The font size (larger may help on a high-resolution display)
The title border size (the border around the filtered text)
The font color (and opacity)
The background/border color (and opacity)

6. I don't like it! How do I disable it?

Start CCSM, filter with "title" and simply uncheck the "Scale Window Title filter" checkbox. Again, this is best done with no other applications open.

Sources: Compiz Wiki


Use Network-Manager to connect to a WiFi Access Point on the command-line

You can do this directly using nmcli, even if the connection isn't configured in Network Manager yet:

nmcli dev wifi con "myssid" password "myssidpassword"

If you don't want to have the wireless password stored in your history in recent versions (maybe newer than mentioned below) you can add --ask to have nmcli prompt you for missing information it needs.

nmcli --ask device wifi connnect "myssid"

This facility was added in Network Manager 0.9.6, so this only works in Ubuntu 12.10 or later.

You can also get a list of available access points with:

nmcli dev wifi list


I personally do not know about this make and mode and its capability to Ubuntu. However, in the past I have never had any issues with any of the HDD's (new and old), that I have connected to my Ubuntu systems.


Can't solve unmet dependencies: initscripts

Note that you are using Ubuntu 16.10, which is Yakkety. The OpenVPN repos only support up to 16.04, Xenial. If you do an apt-get install initscripts command, the result offers some assitance:

However the following packages replace it:
  util-linux:i386 util-linux sysvinit-utils:i386 sysvinit-utils

The problem here is that the openvpn package doesn't know that its dependencies don't make any sense in Yakkety. So for now, either

compile from source to get the latest version of OpenVPN,
wait until they update their repo, or
install the older OpenVPN available in the Yakkety repos.

Advanced

If you want to modify the package for Yakkety, you might try the following. I cannot guarantee this will work well for you and will not cause problems. I got help from here.

One problem that I think comes from this install method is that the GUI network manager cannot add a VPN connection after I install OpenVPN using this method. Command line VPN connections work just fine. Stick with the Ubuntu packaged version for easiest VPNing.

Get the deb file, unpack the contents and control:

mkdir /tmp/debwork
cd /tmp/debwork
apt-get download openvpn
dpkg-deb -x openvpn_2.4.0-xenial0_amd64.deb openvpn
dpkg-deb --control openvpn_2.4.0-xenial0_amd64.deb openvpn/DEBIAN

Now, edit the control file:

nano DEBIAN/control

Change:

Version: 2.4.0-xenial0

To

Version: 2.4.0-yakkety0

And change:

Depends: debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0, libc6 (>= 2.15), liblzo2-2, libpam0g (>= 0.99.7.1), libpkcs11-helper1 (>= 1.11), libssl1.0.0 (>= 1.0.2~beta3), libsystemd0, init-system-helpers (>= 1.18~), initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-13.3), iproute2

To:

Depends: debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0, libc6 (>= 2.15), liblzo2-2, libpam0g (>= 0.99.7.1), libpkcs11-helper1 (>= 1.11), libssl1.0.0 (>= 1.0.2~beta3), libsystemd0, init-system-helpers (>= 1.18~), sysvinit-utils (>= 2.88dsf-13.3), util-linux, iproute2

Now build the new package:

dpkg -b openvpn openvpn_2.4.0-yakkety0_amd64.deb

and install:

sudo dpkg -i openvpn_2.4.0-yakkety0_amd64.deb


How would you explain that Ubuntu is fine for many people

People are so entrenched in using Windows that telling them ubuntu is better for their basic tasks is not enough, you have to show them how ubuntu can be better/easier performing whatever it is they are trying to accomplish.

You can set up a fully configured Ubuntu box for them and show the differences on their daily usage.

You can show to them how a particular Ubuntu / linux app is more suited / easier / cheaper
for them.


What is "dist-upgrade" and why does it upgrade more than "upgrade"?

From apt-get manual:

upgrade
   upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all packages
   currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in
   /etc/apt/sources.list. Packages currently installed with new
   versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no
   circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages
   not already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of
   currently installed packages that cannot be upgraded without
   changing the install status of another package will be left at
   their current version. An update must be performed first so that
   apt-get knows that new versions of packages are available.

dist-upgrade
   dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of upgrade,
   also intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions
   of packages; apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and
   it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the
   expense of less important ones if necessary. So, dist-upgrade
   command may remove some packages. The /etc/apt/sources.list file
   contains a list of locations from which to retrieve desired package
   files. See also apt_preferences(5) for a mechanism for overriding
   the general settings for individual packages.

And with the newer apt tool available from 14.04 onwards:

full-upgrade
   full-upgrade performs the function of upgrade but may also remove
   installed packages if that is required in order to resolve a
   package conflict.

In your particular case, I see, for example, that linux-headers is a virtual package that is provided by both linux-headers-3.0.0-12 and linux-headers-3.0.0-13 and that sounds like the kind of package installation and removal handled by dist-upgrade, but not by upgrade.


How to upgrade GNOME to the next unstable development series?

You can install GNOME 3.19.x from those PPAs (though it may not fully be in the PPAs yet) if you install one of the Ubuntu GNOME 16.04 daily-builds. Otherwise you will have to wait for GNOME 3.20 to be available from them once Ubuntu GNOME 16.04 has been released.

As you can see though the GNOME 3.19.x versions are in the PPAs though:


Running clinfo under strace indentified that ~/.nv was owned by root.

[pid 11593] open("~/.nv/ComputeCache/index", O_RDWR) = -1 EACCES (Permission denied)
[pid 11593] open("~/.nv/ComputeCache/index", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666) = -1 EACCES (Permission denied)
[pid 11593] open("~/.nv/ComputeCache/index", O_RDWR) = -1 EACCES (Permission denied)
[pid 11593] open("~/.nv/ComputeCache/index", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666) = -1 EACCES (Permission denied)


How can you change a program's repository/install from a specific one?

Every repository hold a Release file that clients will look for when preforming apt commands.
The Release file holds information about the available dists and components (such as bionic main universe and etc.).
It specifies the locations and hash sums of every component.
Once getting the relevant dist, the client then searches for a package list, containing every available debian, its location, its full name, version, hash sums, size and more.
That is how you can differ packages from one repo to another.

If you would like to request a specific version or a target repo, you'll need to use the -t option while using apt-get.
If that version exists in the repo, it will be downloaded.
Note: when choosing a specific repo, it first must exist in the source list.

Below a quote from apt-get man page:

-t, --target-release, --default-release
       This option controls the default input to the policy engine, it creates a default pin at priority 990 using the specified
       release string. This overrides the general settings in /etc/apt/preferences. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by
       the value of this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which distribution packages will be retrieved
       from. Some common examples might be -t '2.1*', -t unstable or -t sid. Configuration Item: APT::Default-Release; see also the
       apt_preferences(5) manual page.


Why does chrome use excessive amounts of CPU?

Use Chrome's built-in task manager to see what part of Chrome (page, plugin, etc) is using CPU.

To access it, just press Shift+Escape (or right click the window decoration and select Task Manager)


How to boot live from a DVD when my Macbook's optical drive doesn't work?

Don't worry ! You can install Ubuntu using another way, I think USB Bootable is good method, You can create Ubuntu Bootable USB Pen,plug you pen drive and open Startup Disk Creator, make your bootable pen drive


Pendrive formatting to ext4/LUKS problem

Check the progress by loading Gnome-disk.

Nautilus is the default File browser.  It doesn't show any status of activity as you described.  I tested an encryption on a 8gig partition using the zero's overwrite.  It took about 20 minutes.  Without the zeros it take seconds.

You can see a status of the disk availability by loading gnome-disk.

The gnome-disk GUI will give you a status of all your drives and partitions.  Select the partition you are formatting and you'll see a progress bar of what is happening with the drive.


Clutterflow not working on Nautilus Elementary

I found a way here to solve my issue.

For those too bored to read the , really small, page here is what you need to do :

First , as Heiko Schulze wrote :

  Solution:
  Press ALT + F2, enter: gconf-editor and then navigate to apps > nautilus > preferences and enable 'show_clutter'.
  Restart Nautilus (nautilus -q). Ready for the next issue...

Before you press the nautilus -q command you should, as ammonkey wrote , make the "clutter-test" part found in apps>nautilus>preferences of the gconf-editor to 0 as well


Unfortunately, the easiest for now is to access Landscape on the ip address given.  You can use something like sshuttle or ssh -D to get access to an environment quite easily with almost no setup.

If you need to create an external IP, the IP address you create needs to be accessible to all the nodes, and the outside.Then you can make a change to the Landscape juju environment like this:

export JUJU_HOME=~/.cloud-install/juju
juju set apache2 servername=<hostname-you-want>

Follow juju debug-log and you should see the charms reacting to the change and updating the root_url correctly.

Once you have access to Landscape, you can continue with installing the OpenStack cloud on the remaining 3 machines.  As it is from your description, it sounds like you have this right now:

Machine 1: MAAS
Machine 2: Landscape
Machines 3-5: unused

When you login to Landscape, you will need to continue following the instructions on the page you linked to.


As of 2016-06-13, the only mean to watch Netflix on Linux is through Chrome.  If Chrome is not available in your distribution, you cannot watch Netflix.  Since Chrome is not available for Linux ARM, you cannot watch Netflix on any ARM devices, including pretty much all devices Ubuntu Touch is actively worked on.  Note that one can get a Ubuntu Touch image for x86 systems here.

Chrome comes with the Widevine extension which Netflix use.  This extension complies with Encrypted Media Extensions.  Google acquired the technology on December 3, 2010 by buying Widevine Technologies inc.

There was a campaign on Indiegogo named World's First True made for Linux/Ubuntu x86/x64 Tablet where an Intel tablet is proposed.  Since it was Intel based, Chrome should have worked on it.  But alas, the campaign failed to raise the money.


Cursor jumps backwards when typing; solutions to disable touchpad while typing don't work

The Permission denied error is because you don't have the right permissions for your user. You will need to run your command like so:

sudo gedit /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/51-synaptics-quirks.conf

You can substitute the editor you normally use for gedit


How can I set the correct screen resolution?

GO to Setting >>> Displays >>> set resolution >


chromium 62.0.3202.62(latest) on ubuntu 17.10 blocks flash without asking whether to run it or not

Go to chrome://settings/ (in your Address bar) -> Advanced -> Content settings -> Flash.
There you can set it to Ask first, and add blocked and allowed sites also.


I'm using OpenJDK 7 with Android Studio and it works just fine. (I don't even have Oracle JDK installed at the moment.)

On that screen that you are showing (Project Structure-->SKD Location) I have the following path for the JDK location: /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64.


How to preview windows of a specific application in Unity?

The closest you can get is to use the Unity launcher.  If you are on a workspace that has your browser running, clicking on the browser icon in the Unity launcher will display all the open application windows for that browser.

If you are not on the workspace with your browser windows, clicking on the browser icon in the Unity launcher will take you to the workspace with the browser window you last interacted with.

A side note.  If you have all your browser windows on one workspace, you can cycle through your browser windows by clickig the middle mouse button on the top panel in the gap between the global menu and the indicators.

A nice guide to mouse and keyboard actions is at OMG Ubuntu
http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/04/become-a-natty-power-user-in-no-time-using-this-unit-keyboard-shortcuts-wallpaper/


How can i avoid downloading packages every-time I install my Ubuntu?

You can create your own local repository.
The repository will be updated with the new packages from the internet periodically and you can use the repository to install new computers in your LAN. This will cause network-traffic but no internet-traffic during the installation and it is faster..

Refer to https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGet/Offline/Repository


Printer Samsung ML-2165W: Installed but it won't print (13.04)

The same issue here, although I got it running under ubuntu 12.04 LTS with linux drivers from Samsung. With 13.04, however, Samsung drivers are not installing properly any more. As a workaround, you could try Samsung driver packages from the http://bchemnet.com/suldr/ repository (look at the suld-drivers-4.00.39 package specifically).


18.04 Multiple terminals each with its own background color

Open a terminal.
Go to

Edit → Preferences → Profiles
Click on the "plus" button
Add the name of the new profile and change its settings
Go to

Terminal → Change profile

you will have a list of your created profiles. Change at will in each new opened terminal


Making bootable Ubuntu USBstick: fat32 or vfat?

Give it a try! I consider Fat32 the best filesystem for Live USBs.

Install GParted (disk manager) running this command in a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T):

sudo apt-get install gparted

Insert your USB stick. Backup its content. Open nautilus and unmount it.

Then run GParted from a terminal with the command

sudo gparted

Click the tab GParted > Devices and choose your USB stick.

Right click the USB stick "strip" (probably named /dev/sdb or sdc) and click Format to > Fat32. Apply your actions with that green "V" below the "Device" tab.

Then make the process with Startup Disk Creator again. Things should be fine.


How to configure Unity icons for programs not Apt-installed?

It looks like if you make your local dir ~/.local (ie, for my use case, run configure --prefix=$HOME/.local instead of configure --prefix=$HOME/.opt) Unity will pick up things correctly.

Additionally, it looks like if you do that .desktop files might not be necessary to get the application-switcher to recognize icons, but are still necessary to get the unity dash to recognize things as launchable applications.


Ubuntu MATE 17.04 - disabling mouse acceleration stops pointer movement completely

After searching around I managed to find core of this issue.

Why mouse movement can be ignored after setting flat (no acceleration) profile?

Answer to this question was simple and problem was in libinput pointer setting called Accel Speed. As confusing as it is, when you are using flat no acceleration profile, this setting will actually act as sort of "sensitivity" setting most of the users are used to, but in range of 0% to 200%, corresponding to cursor speed. -1 would be 0%, 0 would be 100%, 1 would be 200% for cursor speed.
From what I understand, when you move your mouse your pointer (cursor) will move on distance of X + X*As, where X is basic value of how much cursor needs to be moved and As is value of Accel Speed option. Which means that if for some reason value of this setting will be -1, which can happen while you try to adjust sensetivity using some GUI for mouse control or by manually setting in, your mouse movement will be calculated like this "X + X*-1", which is basically "X-X", meaning your cursor will not move at all.

So if you have similar problem, first thing you should do is to look on value of this option.

1) List devices with command:
xinput list

2) Find ID of your mouse and use this command to see current values of its options:
xinput list-props 12
Where '12' would be ID of your device from "xinput list" output.

3) If "libinput Accel Speed" is -1 and you are using flat profile, you can change it with command:
xinput --set-prop 12 'libinput Accel Speed' 0

So if you got your mouse stuck after enabling flat profile, simply switching to console\terminal and running those 3 steps will give you ability to fix problem.

I am adding solution I used for disabling acceleration and adjusting Accel Speed just in case someone will stumble on this looking for answer.

How to set flat profile\disable mouse acceleration permanently

To permanently set libinput to flat profile and no change to basic sensetivity, you can just edit this file:
/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/40-libinput.conf
It should have section with identifier "libinput pointer catchall".
By default mine looked like this:

[...]
Section "InputClass"
        Identifier "libinput pointer catchall"
        MatchIsPointer "on"
        MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
        Driver "libinput"
EndSection
[...]

You can force it to use specific settings we need by adding two lines after "Driver" line:

[...]
Section "InputClass"
        Identifier "libinput pointer catchall"
        MatchIsPointer "on"
        MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
        Driver "libinput"
        Option "AccelProfile" "flat"
        Option "AccelSpeed" "0.0"
EndSection
[...]

Option "AccelProfile" will tell system to use flat, no acceleration, profile.
Option "AccelSpeed" will set default for modificator of basic pointer speed, which is pretty much sensitivity. Setting it to "1" will double pointer speed, -1 will set it to 0, 0.5 would make it 150%.

After saving the changes you can just restart GDE with service lightdm restart or just restart PC manually and check if libinput uses correct values now.

By running command:
xinput list-props {1..50} 2>/dev/null | fgrep 'libinput Accel Profile Enabled ('
you can check if system uses flat profile.

For flat profile it should return 0, 1 value like this:
libinput Accel Profile Enabled (282):  0, 1

And check Accel Speed value with similar command:
xinput list-props {1..50} 2>/dev/null | fgrep 'libinput Accel Speed ('
If after restart you have values corresponding to what you set in 40-libinput.conf file, everything works as it should.
For alternative solutions and more information you can lookup those links:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Mouse_acceleration#Using_xinput
Configure mouse speed (not pointer acceleration!)


Where can I find a version of rpcgen that has MT auto mode?

The preface page says the following

The Solaris 9 release is the Sun Microsystems distributed computing
operating environment. It includes SunOS release 5.9 with the ONC+
technologies and the Common Desktop Environment (CDE), as well as other
utilities.

I'm going to guess the feature I'm looking for is probably only available in SunOS 5.9.

Fortunately rpcgen comes with the -M option on Ubuntu, which generates thread-safe stubs. This still seems a step short of what I think the -A flag does though.

I'm not going to accept my own answer yet; hopefully I'm wrong.


The file could possibly be owned by root, but this is unlikely unless you downloaded it as root from the command line. In nautilus (your file browser), files for which you don't have write permissions show the "lock" symbol.

More likely, especially if you mounted the flash drive manually, your flash drive's mount point has root ownership. The default directory permissions only allow the owner of the directory to write.

Running mount will tell you where your flash drive is mounted.  Assuming it's mounted to /mount/point, running ll /mount/point will show you the owner and group of this directory.

If it is root:root, you need to take ownership of the directory so that you can write and manage files graphically in nautilus. Run

sudo chown <your_username>:<your_username> /mount/point

and try to copy the zip over again.

This will allow you write to the flash drive in nautilus, since in the GUI, you are your user, not root.


You might have to create a separate /boot partition(if you have not done it already during installation)
I think this can help you: boot partition


Do I really have to HOLD the super key in Unity 2d?

If you have installed compizconfig-settings-manager (Type in the terminal sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager to install it), then type into the search filter Unity, and click on the Ubuntu Unity Plugin.

Where it says "Key to show the launcher", you can change that key from Super to Super+, thus reserving the Super key for other application usage.


How to remove Ubuntu 11.10 after it is installed alongside Windows

Start the OS-Uninstaller utility from a live disk
Select what operating system you want to uninstall.

Apply
Reboot your computer, and voila, only Windows is on your computer!


How do I install the Ralink RT3070 wireless driver?

I found this workaround that worked for me:

This is how I got my RT5370 usb wifi adapter installed and working on CB2.

download driver archive

2011_0719_RT3070_RT3370_RT5370_RT5372_Linux_STA_V2 .5.0.3_DPO.bz2 (RT8070/RT3070/RT3370/RT5370/RT5372 USB 03/28/2012 2.5.0.3
unpack the archive and navigate into the top level directory just extracted:

tar jxvf  2011_0719_RT3070_RT3370_RT5370_RT5372_Linux_STA_V2.5.0.3_DPO.bz2
cd 2011_0719_RT3070_RT3370_RT5370_RT5372_Linux_STA_V2.5.0.3_DPO

modify the following code in os/linux/config.mk as below:

HAS_WPA_SUPPLICANT=y
HAS_NATIVE_WPA_SUPPLICANT_SUPPORT=y
WFLAGS += -DCONFIG_STA_SUPPORT

to quieten down the debugging modify sta/sta-cfg.c:

remove "#ifdef DBG" on line 4095
remove "endif /* DBG */" on line 4693

to change the name from ra0 to wlan0 modify include/rtmp_def.h and change ra to wlan in the following lines:

#define INF_MAIN_DEV_NAME        "ra"
#define INF_MBSSID_DEV_NAME        "ra"

make and install the modified driver

make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rt5370sta

reboot and check with lsusb lsmod and ifconfig to make sure all is working as required in the operating system.

The CB2 setup program didn't work for me but the xbmc network manager addon worked perfectly so I downloaded and use that rather than doing it all via the operating system.

I hope this helps someone else trying to get an RT5370 wifi adapter up and running.

Source


Where does Ubuntu One store my Information?

I am on a monthly subscription plan with Ubuntu One and every month I have the option to cancel the subscription which will then run until the day I have paid up to. For example :

1st July until 1st August
If I cancel on the 2nd July I will still have access to my 20GB until the 1st August.

If you purchase the yearly package and then view your account I am pretty sure it will work in the same way. If you were to cancel the subscription you should still be able to use your service without your card details being stored.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuOne/FAQ/HowDoIChangeFromMonthlyToAnnual

I would clarify this with UbuntuOne by going here https://one.ubuntu.com/support/contact/

On another note, your credit card information is secure and they will soon be introducing the option to pay via pay-pal.


Run this commands in a Terminal window:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nvbn-rm/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-gmusic
sudo apt-get install python-pip
sudo pip install gmusicapi sudo apt-get install python-pip git-core
sudo pip install git+https://github.com/nvbn/rhythmbox-gmusic.git#egg=rhythmbox-gmusic
sudo pip install gmusicapi --upgrade

I'm aware there are redundancies, but in my attempt to install the plugin for the first time, input these, in this order, into terminal. Lo, the plugin functions and I'm happily listening to music while learning various scripts online.

Sorry, I'm still n00b status, but it worked.
Inspiron 1521 running 13.10


How to format output of script to have equal number of spaces

The main reason is because your echo command takes x number of characters from variable and pads 14 spaces. That means total number of chars in output string space won't be consistent.

Instead , you might want to use printf with width specifier %-10s for left padding like this:

bash-4.3$ for i in "${a[@]}"; do     printf "%-10s%-4s|\n"  "${i:0:10}" " "; done
1.wav         |
2.wav         |
3.wav         |
input.txt     |

This way whatever variable you have will be made to fit within 10 characters,and to those 10 characters we pad 4. - sign makes each string left justified.

Number -10 in %-10s should remain the same to ensure that even if the file is shorter than 10 characters, we still get a 10 character string with spaces padded. But %-4s part can be varied. For instance in the example above, %-4s will have 4 spaces there, but if we want to have 14 spaces, then use %-14s.

Note that it's generally recommended against of parsing output of ls, which is exactly what you're doing. As alternative, we can use find command with while IFS= read -r -d '' structure like this:

bash-4.3$ find -maxdepth 1 -type f -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' file;
> do
>     printf "%-10s%-4s|\n"  "${file:0:10}" " "
> done
./3.wav       |
./1.wav       |
./2.wav       |
./.swp        |
./input.tx    |

Note that find is recursive, so it works on sub-directories as well. If you want to avoid that, use -maxdepth 1 option.

Note that find also has its own -printf option, which may be more efficient to have everything done via one process than two ( that's find plus the subshell in which while runs ):

$ find /bin -type f -printf "%-15f|\n" 2>/dev/null | head -n 5
hostname       |
nc.traditional |
fusermount     |
loadkeys       |
zless          |

Ideally what I'd suggest is write everything to temporary file, figure out the longest line ( aka longest filename in the file ) and pad however many spaces you want to there accordingly.


Download archive from https://app.yousician.com/signup
Unpack it to any folder
Go to this folder
Run “Yousician Launcher” file

Tip: if your OS version is 64 bit, run this command in terminal

sudo apt-get install libc6:i386 libncurses5:i386 libstdc++6:i386 zlib1g:i386 libglu1:i386 libxcursor1:i386 libasound2:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 libxrandr2:i386

You may also find this article helpful: How to run 32-bit app in Ubuntu 64-bit?


Wireless N capable Ralink RT2860STA doesn't go faster than 54Mbit

Edited: So, apparently I misread, my previous advice didn't apply.
Seems you're not the only one with that problem: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1583164 Apparently, a new driver helps (post#6)


Asus Z87 PRO - fan speed detector - failed to 'make' nct6775 drivers

I suggest the following sequence:

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic
cd ~/Z87\ Drivers/nct6775-master
make clean
make
sudo make install


airpods 2 - ubuntu 19.10 - Thinkpad x1 extreme 2 - No success on pairing

Thanks to @rahduro: Airpods 2019 bluettooth pairing problem

  Try adding ControllerMode = bredr to /etc/bluetooth/main.conf file.
  Restart bluetooth service using the following command
  sudo systemctl restart bluetooth.
  Then try repairing with airpods, this worked for me
  in 19.10.

However it would be interesting to know why it does not work for dual when it is supposed to try both modes ?


Recover Partition Table for exFAT Partition

exfat should be fine doing so. No read write was happening, the partition does not use journaling

The fact that the file system does not use journaling is the exact opposite of "being fine" removing a drive without unmounting it properly. ;) The OS can't easily fix inconsistencies because there is no such journal.

Use TestDisk

Briefly, your drive still has a partition table and the file system type shows up correctly as exFAT, as seen on your screenshot. Install TestDisk and run it on the device:

sudo apt install testdisk
sudo testdisk /dev/sdb

I have discussed this tool before here on AU, and you might also be interested in the TestDisk guide. As I wrote in this answer on the Unix & Linux Stack Exchange website:

  The essential steps are:

  scanning the drive
  selecting the partition
  pressing P to show the files
  copying the deleted (red) files with C

In this case you might want to copy all files, not just the deleted ones.


OpenVPN Connection Stops Randomly When Downloading or Uploading

Using OpenVPN with trust.zone as per their settings, would drop the VPN connection without warning or error message and just use the wired connection, thus losing security of the VPN. Seemingly random events but it had happened when I went back to it after screensaver had kicked in. Disabling the screensaver (Ubuntu 17.04) fixed things and I haven't had a dropout since. No, I don't know why this is so either. Just a quirk of Linux, I suppose.


When you post a question about Samba please tell people either which version of samba you are using or which version of Ubuntu you are using.
This workaround is about Ubuntu 19.04 onward:
Edit /etc/samba/smb.conf and right under the workgroup = WORKGROUP line add this one:
store dos attributes = No

Then restart smbd: sudo service smbd restart
This won't fix the files that are already there but all new files should save correctly.


Wifi is interfering with Bluetooth headset

realtech has had issues with repo drivers:
try these drivers : https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new

download all the files:

git clone https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new

enter the directory where you downloaded the files and open a terminal there (right click-->action-->open term)

type make

then sudo make install


Lubuntu is a flavor of Ubuntu desktop.

All flavors of Ubuntu are desktops, with the default desktop replaced by another, eg.

Xubuntu uses XFCE
Kubuntu uses KDE
Lubuntu uses LXDE up to 18.04,
LXQt from 18.10 up
Ubuntu-MATE uses MATE desktop
Ubuntu-Budgie uses
Budgie desktop
Ubuntu-Studio uses XFCE too
Ubuntu-Kylin uses Kylin
desktop

Ubuntu desktop uses Unity 7 for 16.04, and GNOME for 17.10 and later

Desktops use resources, which is seen as a waste for servers. No flavor of Ubuntu is geared for server use, though yes if you're willing to pay the cost of less efficiency (ram, cycles, thus $power) you can add desktops to your server install.

The site you list is not a Ubuntu or Lubuntu site.  If you're unsure what are official sites, please don't ask a search engine, but go to ubuntu.com and search there (eg. https://ubuntu.com/download/flavours will point you to legitimate sites for each flavor).


s3cmd asking for S3 URI while using s3cmd get

Why don't you use, the regular aws cli? I never had any problem with it, and maintained by the provider. I recommend it because I had some issues with s3cmd.

You can install it easily with pip install awscli, then just run aws configure (where you have to enter some config details and credentials). If you don't have pip installed, you can just install it with sudo apt-get install python-pip.

Right after that, you'll have a tool with a little bit wider functionality like multiple accounts and regions.

If you want download your file, run:

aws s3 cp s3://bucketname/folder/file /local/folder/file

For uploading you can use:

aws s3 cp /local/folder/file s3://bucketname/folder/file

If you want to copy an entire directory recursively, just use locations and the --recursive option:

aws s3 cp /local/folder/ s3://bucketname/folder/ --recursive

If you also want to keep your local files and do a sync between the local folder and the s3 bucket, you can use:

aws s3 sync s3://bucketname/folder /local/fodler

And it also have a great "help" functionality: aws help or aws <command> help.


Need to make a shortcut command using xargs

First, you want the -t option to lsof, which only emits pids. You can give kill a list of pids too, so:

kill -9 $(lsof -ti tcp:3000)

If you do this a lot, make an alias

alias kill3000='kill -9 $(lsof -ti tcp:3000)'


How can I run Remote Desktop Sharing on Ubuntu Bionic with Unity?

So, one needs to run gnome-control-center sharing and set the password there (no idea how to run this passwordless, which was previously possible, I think). The service cannot be enabled from there, but one can add a startup command via startup applications /usr/lib/vino/vino-server --sm-disable.

But this is clearly buggy under Unity.


How to reset the PATH value for bash shell

I figured it out :)
just did the following and it worked :

export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/s
bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:$PATH


Why does displaying an encrypted string in the terminal or nano make weird symbols?

Let's see what file has to say about your data:

$ base64 -d <<EOF | file -
U2FsdGVkX19hoS7DQSHERIkTzT3Hp7RUEjMAh6UDOP6YjRB/XQey7TKoySJiZTni
WbCfJLhihMD9CkohBnvrY8UBkh2dbi1K6hQqf8X9ENGFNWUxqmhYMG+WrBsPwhpB
I1qUt91IKlPS1YMZ0UDyBieDwFyqFi3izGhqXoOuzo8=
EOF
/dev/stdin: openssl enc'd data with salted password

So, after base64-decoding, you get the encrypted data. And now with od -c:

$ base64 -d <<EOF | od -c
U2FsdGVkX19hoS7DQSHERIkTzT3Hp7RUEjMAh6UDOP6YjRB/XQey7TKoySJiZTni
WbCfJLhihMD9CkohBnvrY8UBkh2dbi1K6hQqf8X9ENGFNWUxqmhYMG+WrBsPwhpB
I1qUt91IKlPS1YMZ0UDyBieDwFyqFi3izGhqXoOuzo8=
EOF
0000000   S   a   l   t   e   d   _   _   a 241   . 303   A   ! 304   D
0000020 211 023 315   = 307 247 264   T 022   3  \0 207 245 003   8 376
0000040 230 215 020 177   ]  \a 262 355   2 250 311   "   b   e   9 342
0000060   Y 260 237   $ 270   b 204 300 375  \n   J   ! 006   { 353   c
0000100 305 001 222 035 235   n   -   J 352 024   * 177 305 375 020 321
0000120 205   5   e   1 252   h   X   0   o 226 254 033 017 302 032   A
0000140   #   Z 224 267 335   H   *   S 322 325 203 031 321   @ 362 006
0000160   ' 203 300   \ 252 026   - 342 314   h   j   ^ 203 256 316 217
0000200

Clearly not all of those bytes are text in our usual encodings (ASCII or UTF-8). The terminal has no way to make sense of most of those bytes, and shows them as question  marks. Some of those show up as ASCII text, some as symbols higher up in the Unicode chart (Ώ, for example), because the terminal tries to make some sense of the data.

Encrypted data is not expected to be text, so there's no reason for it to stick byte sequences permitted by some encoding. It can use any sequence of bytes available, and it does.


Copy/paste middle mouse button functionality absent

I found a workable answer over at the stackexchange thread https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/9973/configuring-mouse-for-rightleft-button-simulating-middle-click-for-copy-paste. It involves using the command xinput set-prop, specifically

xinput set-prop "$device_name_or_number" "Evdev Middle Button Emulation" 1

Once I'd done that, the middle mouse button emulation functionality I needed (paste on pressing buttons 1 and 3 in combination) was restored.

Afterthought: this seems related to evdev, and I have a /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-evdev.conf on this system. Maybe my Option Emulate3Buttons true stanza should have gone there rather than in /etc/X11/xorg.conf?

SUMMARY: to make this solution work on my system, I edited /etc/rc.local (as directives at the link cited in the OP instruct) and added the line

inputattach --daemon --microsoft /dev/ttyS0

to make the serial mouse mostly functional. Then, I added the line

xinput set-prop "$device_name_or_number" "Evdev Middle Button Emulation" 1

to my .xinitrc file (I don't use any login manager). After rebooting and firing up X, I had a fully working (at least to my needs) Kensington Expert Mouse. complete with middle-button-paste functionality. Issue solved, apart from understanding better how evdev and Xorg play together.


try:

    find . -name "i*" -type d -exec cp 1.txt {} \;

This command recursively descend the directory form current directory and search files whose name begins with letter i. Option -type d restricts the search to directory.

Than perform cp command and copy 1.txt in each file (directory) found.

In order to limit find to current directory you should use -maxdepth option:

   find . -maxdepth 1 -name "i*" -type d -exec cp 1.txt {} \;

You can use muru's tip and use cp 1.txt i* but this fails in case of multiple i* file, while find command executes cp command multiple times and this can be a problem too.

So you should choose one or the other depending on the case and what you need.


How to uninstall (or delete) one of 2 ubuntu 12.4 LTS in my computer

if you not use wubi, use dual boot? This will help you! :D there http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUgf84bdYvg


I had the same issue My fix:

Rename the downloaded and unzipped folder to u1_downloader
Create a directory called /Users/alecu/canonical
chown the alecu directory: chown -R username:group /Users/alecu
mv the u1_downloader to /Users/alecu/canonical
cd into the u1_downloader directory
execute the following commmand ./u1_downloader


Where can I get an Ubuntu Installation CD/DVD/USB?

It's no longer possible to request a CD with the "Ship-it" service. You now have to download it, or order it from a third party company or via the Canonical Store.

http://shop.canonical.com/


How can I manually boot Windows from the Grub2 terminal?

In grub2 run the following commands one at a time

insmod ntfs
set root=(hdX,gptX)
chainloader (${root})/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
boot

Where hdX is the hard drive Windows is on (hd0 is the first drive) and gptX is the partition number of the Windows EFI partition, so if Windows was the very first partition on the first drive set root=(hd0,gpt0).

Source


Unable to boot Xubuntu 20.04 from Live USB through Grub2 and Casper

Booting ISO files Ubuntu 20.04
rmmod tpm is necessary for booting ISO files with Ubuntu 19.10 and later, (due to the use of GRUB 2.04.
You might also want to get rid of the Disk Check every boot and maybe speed things up by booting toram, (optional).
menuentry "Ubuntu 20.04 ISO" {
    rmmod tpm
    set root=(hd0,3)
    set isofile="/isos/ubuntu-20.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
        loopback loop $isofile
        linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile persistent persistent-path=/ub2004-1/ fsck.mode=skip quiet splash toram --
        initrd (loop)/casper/initrd
}

persistent and persistent-path are only necessary if you want persistence.
See:
20.04 booting .iso from GRUB menu


How to get gromit working without a Pause key?

Well, I installed another gromit, at first I installed just gromit:

sudo apt  install gromit-mpx

This works well, using F9 to toggle on and off!!
You get an icon in the top bar with a menu for various choices!!
Thank you Grommet and Wallace!


Did you try disabling Hybrid Boot and UEFI boot?

http://www.eightforums.com/tutorials/6320-fast-startup-turn-off-windows-8-a.html
http://itsfoss.com/disable-uefi-secure-boot-in-windows-8/


By providing -y option with apt-get you can skip the confirmations while installing.

You can use the screen command to get in to a screen console in which you can perform long time installations so that you can detach and attach the screen as per you want.
Type apt-get install screen in a terminal to install screen.

Once installed type screen in the terminal to get in to screen.
You can perform the commands in the screen.
Use key combinations CTRL + A + D to detach the screen and CTRL +RX to re-attach the screen if you have only one screen running(In this case only one screen is running)


Installation Problem - Ignoring file - invalid extension in ubuntu 16.04(xenial)

The solution is easy for you to achieve, rename the file in question to be a proper file or remove it. To rename it you can do the following command:

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-xamarin.lit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-xamarin.list

Or for removing it

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-xamarin.lit


How to automatically mute on headphones disconnect? Or how to tap bash script to system event listener?

First of, open alsamixer program in terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T).

Check if automute is Enabled. You can navigate to it by using left-right keys, and up down to toggle the value. Esc to exit.

Now, if you mute sound without headphones , plug the headphones, and unplug them again, sound through speakers should stay muted. At least on my machine, with Auto-Mute enabled, I can keep speakers muted, while headphones can output sound upon plugging in.


Cursor Takes Several Minutes to Appear After Boot

Once you're fully booted to your desktop, start a terminal (ctrl-alt-t) and type this command:

systemd-analyze blame

Put sudo in front of that command if you have any messages about permissions.

From Ubuntu Manpage: systemd-analyze - Analyze system boot-up performance:

systemd-analyze blame prints a list of all running units, ordered by
the time they took to initialize. This information may be used to
optimize boot-up times. Note that the output might be misleading as the
initialization of one service might be slow simply because it waits for
the initialization of another service to complete.

This may help you track down what takes so long to load.


Reporting an error from an undetermined package

Try to follow these steps, if you have network connection.

  How do I fix a "Problem with MergeList" or "status file could not be parsed" error when trying to do an update?
  They seem to be corrupt or invalid MergeList.

To make it more safer, I would make a full copy of

Code:

  /var/lib/apt/lists/*
  before to delete it.


Ubuntu 14.04.1 - Help please to setup VPN

Use OpenVPN, it should install with:

sudo apt-get install openvpn

Start it by typing:

 sudo openvpn --config /path/to/config/file


First try to remove whatever you've installed:

sudo apt remove --purge nvidia-*

Then add the graphics drivers repository (for the latest Nvidia drivers):

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:graphics-drivers

Then try to let Kubuntu install the drivers:

 sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

Reboot, see if it worked.


Error when reinstalling mysql-server "postinst: line 102: mysqld: command not found"

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo dpkg -r mysql-client-5.7
sudo dpkg -r mysql-server-5.7
sudo dpkg -r libmysqlclient20:i386
sudo dpkg -r libmysqlclient20:amd64
sudo dpkg -r libmysqlclient18:amd64
sudo dpkg -r mysql-common
sudo dpkg -r mysql
sudo apt-get install mysql mysql-client* mysql-server*


Ubuntu VPS CPUs sometimes go wild with a process I don't recognize

I'm afraid it looks like your VPS has already been taken over. It's basically impossible to get rid of malware once a system has been compromised. You have no chance of really knowing what the attackers did, what has been manipulated or changed, where a backdoor (or ten backdoors) might be, and so on and so forth.

Judging from the fact that you can't "see" files and directory that are actually there, the attackers have probably compromised the VPS all the way and can do anything they'd like. They basically took away from you any tools to do anything against it.

There's only one way: Get rid of the VPS and make sure the provider deletes it properly. It can't be salvaged any more. Then, start over with a new VPS and better security this time. To name just a few aspects, use better passwords or strong key-based authorization, always be diligent with updates, don't use software from dubious sources, don't give anybody access you don't completely trust and so on and so forth.

Don't transfer any file, any database records or basically anything from the old VPS to the new. For all you know, anything might be compromised and just give the attacker the keys to the new VPS the minute it's set up. Remember, the attackers already own the old VPS to the degree that they can control what you do or don't "see".

If you've got backups that you know(!) are from before the intrusion (and that haven't been stored on the old VPS, obviously), you might think about using them for the new VPS. But that's still a risk, because it's hard to say when the initial intrusion really occured.

I'm sorry I can't give you a more positive outlook, but that's basically the only chance you've got. Remember, the internet is international. The moment a system can be reached from the internet, attackers from all over the world, from pole to pole, will try to compromise it and use for themselves, often by using automated attack tools. You can't be too paranoid when security is concerned.


after suspend-resume, dmesg printk times look as if suspend happened exactly before resume?!

Well the timing is the system up-time. During suspend the system is not up, the counter is not incremented anymore. The reason for the 4 seconds is the time for suspending after the first message poped out and for waking, before the second message is printed. Thus this is normal.


APT doesn't autoremove an automatic package with 0 dependents

postgresql-common configures apt to not autoremove postgresql packages.

/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01autoremove-postgresql:

APT
{
  NeverAutoRemove
  {
    "^postgresql-";
  };
};

https://www.apt-browse.org/browse/ubuntu/trusty/main/all/postgresql-common/154/file/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01autoremove-postgresql


Ubuntu software shows only editors picks 20.04

I found a solution, it worked on my computer. The main purpose of this solution is finding the "Software" app and use it.

Open Ubuntu Software application.
Then click Ubuntu Software on top bar, choose "Show Details".
It'll open a new software app which will show you error: Sorry, there are no details on that application. Close error. This app must have the categories section and lots of applications.
Find the icon on left favorites panel and left-click the bluish icon which named only "Software.
Press "Add to Favorites". You'll need to use it when you want to install an app.


It may be best to create a temporary user to log in with in order to change your original user name. See this post for specific details:

How do I change my username?


Internet through VPN doesn't work in Ubuntu 12,10

Looks like a DNS issue. Open /etc/resolv.conf and add nameserver 8.8.8.8 or the University DNS server.


It appears that some other process is running on the default port 8080, so you will need to change that port using the port option when running it:

xsp4 --root ~/mono --port 8081

or

xsp4 --port 8081

Example:

$ xsp4 --port 15000

xsp4
Listening on address: 0.0.0.0
Root directory: /home/george/Documents/askubuntu
Listening on port: 15000 (non-secure)
Hit Return to stop the server.

Info:

~/mono: used when running it from another location

--port: option to change the listening port


.kde/share/config permissions got messed up even after a reinstall

Package installation via apt-get and dpkg typically do not touch your user-specific preferences (settings) and documents. Programs that follow the XDG Base Directory specification will typically have their settings stored in the ~/.config/ folder. Some create subdirectories (such as ~/.config/vlc/), others store a file directly in the directory (such as ~/.config/Texmakerrc).

Other settings are typically found in so-called dot-files which are hidden files and directories stored in your home directory (such as ~/.mozilla/).

Settings for KDE 4 can typically be found below ~/.kde/share/config/ or ~/.kde/share/appps/. Another place to look for settings is ~/.local/share/.

As a general hint, to find settings that have recently been changed, use the find program with the -mmin -X option  to look for files that were changed in the past X minutes. For example, find all files (-type f) in your home directory (~) that changed in the past ten minutes (-mmin 10) and print verbose information (-ls):

find ~ -type f -mmin -10 -ls


Can I create another partition on a single partition system?

Yes you can create another ext4 partition from the single Ubuntu partition without reinstalling using Gparted Partition Editor.

For this you have to boot from Ubuntu live disk or Gparted live disk.Please note that you can't able to resize a mounted partition in Gparted.

Follow the steps given in this answer.


I can't transfer large file from ubuntu hard drive to windows hd?

have you tried booting up from an install disk, selecting "try ubuntu" and then copying the file over, as it could be that ubuntu is using the file/ permission issues

it could also be that windows hasn't completely unmounted the partition as it is in sleep mode etc. (windows 8+ I think)

you may also want to put ext4 on there for the future


How do I install the latest version of okular?

To have the latest version of Okular you have 3 options:

Easy Option - Install the latest Kubuntu. Either 11.10 or wait for 12.04. The reason for this will be explained in the other Options.

Intermediate Option - Download the DEB Package of Okular and all of it's dependencies and the dependencies of those dependencies until you have literally downloaded KDE in pieces just to install that since the latest Okular depends on libraries and other packages that also depend on others that need to be a specific version or newer. This versions are not compatible with an older Ubuntu so you would have to start downloading a lot of packages. This in most cases will not work and waste your time since at some point a package might say "Hey I need a newer kernel version of autotool, autoconf, make... and so on." So your chances of having it work there are very difficult.

Difficult Option - Compile the whole thing from scratch. This option will take more experience and a heck of more time to do and at the end it will not guarantee that it will work on the kernel used in Ubuntu 10.10 with the versions of the tools provided in 10.10.

To make matters worse, 10.10 has been discontinued. So try the option everyone has suggested (Install 12.04). If you do not want a heavy system then install Lubuntu or Xubuntu and then install Okular from there but just so you know, you can install Okular very easy and with less download time in Ubuntu 12.04 since it already comes with the QT libraries for it. No need to download them when trying to download Okular.


You will need to create a .desktop file like described in the this post for javaws to appear in Open With dialog.

In your case you will need to create a new text file in the folder ~/.local/share/applications. Name this file whatever you want, it has to have the extension .desktop. The content of this file has to be the following:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Java 6 Web Start
Comment=Java 6 Web Start
Exec=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-oracle/jre/bin/javaws %u
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=javaws
Categories=Application;Network;
MimeType=application/x-java-jnlp-file;

Please pay attention that the path to javaws executable in the Exec parameter may be different on your system. You can find out the path to your javaws executable by typing the following command in terminal:

which javaws

or by listing all your JDK/JRE installations with the command:

update-alternatives --display javaws


If you want to create a directory named some_dir in /usr/share/ directory you need to issue the following command:

sudo mkdir /usr/share/some_dir

Why sudo:

You might be wondering why you need to use sudo, well the simple answer is that /usr/share has a permission of 755:

drwxr-xr-x 295 root root 12288 Feb 18 21:03 share

that enables only root to write on this directory meaning only root can create a directory inside this directory.


How does an appimage persist settings between launches?

From the AppImageKit README:

  Special directories

  Normally the application contained inside an AppImage will store its
  configuration files wherever it normally stores them (most frequently
  somewhere inside $HOME). If you invoke an AppImage built with a
  recent version of AppImageKit and have one of these special
  directories in place, then the configuration files will be stored
  alongside the AppImage. This can be useful for portable use cases,
  e.g., carrying an AppImage on a USB stick, along with its data.

  If there is a directory with the same name as the AppImage plus .home, then $HOME will automatically be set to it before executing
  the payload application
  If there is a directory with the same name as the AppImage plus .config, then $XDG_CONFIG_HOME will automatically be set to it
  before executing the payload application


As you can see HERE it is 100% compatible Read/Write NTFS for Windows XP, 2000, 2003, 2008, Vista, 7 and whatever other NTFS windows system comes out or missed.

And I quote:

  NTFS-3G is a stable, full-featured,
  read-write NTFS driver for Linux,
  Android, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, NetBSD,
  OpenSolaris, QNX, Haiku, and other
  operating systems. It provides safe
  handling of the Windows XP, Windows
  Server 2003, Windows 2000, Windows
  Vista, Windows Server 2008 and Windows
  7 NTFS file systems

The performance for me (which I tested A LOT of them) is the same as using NTFS on Windows. You will not have any problems with any version of NTFS for any version of Windows.

More info here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS-3G


Error on loading after upgrade to 14.04LTS

According to this Ubuntu Forums post, the problem is mesg n:

  At the end of that file you have:

mesg n

  But it doesn't works in graphical mode because (taken from man mesg)
  "mesg assumes that its standard input is connected to your terminal".

  Change it to:

if `tty -s`; then
   mesg n
fi

I'd say that mesg n should be in your .bashrc, not in .profile, which should only assume that it is run in a POSIX shell.


The default behavior while sending a SIGQUIT is to make a process to:

Create a core dump
Terminate

However SIGQUIT can be handled and ignored, Which ping is doing this! thus SIGQUIT causes ping to print a short statistics without termination of the actual process.

Using Ctrl+\ you are sending SIGQUIT to both side of your commands. The second part is not handling the signal and behaves as expected! creates a coredump then gets terminated and you end up with a broken pipe.

So, you should handle the signal yourself:

ping 1.1.1.1 | (oq() { echo 'wait'; }; trap oq QUIT; while read i; do echo $i; done)


According to the freedesktop.org Trash Specification:

  For every user a “home trash” directory MUST be available. Its name and location are $XDG_DATA_HOME/Trash ; $XDG_DATA_HOME is the base directory for user-specific data, as defined in the Desktop Base Directory Specification.

If the environment variable $XDG_DATA_HOME is either not set or empty, ~/.local/share is used. So by default, the trash folder is ~/.local/share/Trash.

Regardless, the easiest and best way to trash a file from the command line is to use the trash
 command.

Use it like you would use rm:

trash somefile.txt

This is better than just mv'ing a file into ~/.local/share/Trash because it stores metadata such as where the file was originally so you can restore (un-delete) it if need be.


I was actually able to get this to work today.  First, be sure that you have the following line in your the files

/etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules
and
/etc/udev/rules.d/52-mtp.rules

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="22b8", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"

Then run

sudo service udev restart

On your Droid, go to Settings => Developer options and enable USB debugging.

Plug your phone in via USB cable, and it should work.


Ubuntu falls back to old window style on every second boot

This can easily be accomplished by removing every Desktop Environment, then rebooting to test what the actual cause of the second boot falling back is. Please note that you may not have some of these desktops installed, but please use all commands in order to purge remnants of possible failed installs:

Remove Cinnamon Stable

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove cinnamon
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo ppa-purge ppa:embrosyn/cinnamon <-- This might be different if Cinnamon 3.x goes stable

Remove XFCE  / Xubuntu

sudo apt-get remove abiword abiword-common abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview bison blueman brltty-x11 catfish elementary-icon-theme exo-utils flex gigolo gimp gimp-data gmusicbrowser gnome-icon-theme-full gnome-system-tools gnome-time-admin gnumeric gnumeric-common gnumeric-doc gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs gthumb gthumb-data gtk2-engines-pixbuf gtk2-engines-xfce indicator-application-gtk2 indicator-messages-gtk2 indicator-sound-gtk2 indicator-status-provider-pidgin leafpad libabiword-2.8 libaiksaurus-1.2-0c2a libaiksaurus-1.2-data libaiksaurusgtk-1.2-0c2a libao-common libao4 libaudio-scrobbler-perl libbabl-0.0-0 libclutter-1.0-0 libclutter-1.0-common libclutter-gtk-1.0-0 libcogl-common libcogl5 libconfig-inifiles-perl libencode-locale-perl libept1 libexo-1-0 libexo-common libfile-listing-perl libfont-afm-perl libgarcon-1-0 libgarcon-common libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libgegl-0.0-0 libgimp2.0 libglade2-0 libgnomevfs2-extra libgoffice-0.8-8 libgoffice-0.8-8-common libgsf-1-114 libgsf-1-common libgstreamer-perl libgtk2-notify-perl libgtk2-trayicon-perl libgtkmathview0c2a libhtml-form-perl libhtml-format-perl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-tree-perl libhttp-cookies-perl libhttp-daemon-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libhttp-negotiate-perl libid3tag0 libido-0.1-0 libilmbase6 libio-socket-ssl-perl libjpeg-progs libkeybinder0 liblink-grammar4 libloudmouth1-0 liblwp-mediatypes-perl liblwp-protocol-https-perl libmad0 libmailtools-perl libnet-dbus-perl libnet-http-perl libnet-ssleay-perl liboobs-1-5 libopenexr6 libotr2 libots0 libpolkit-gtk-1-0 libsexy2 libtagc0 libthunarx-2-0 libtie-ixhash-perl libtimedate-perl libtumbler-1-0 liburi-perl libwv-1.2-3 libwww-perl libwww-robotrules-perl libxfce4ui-1-0 libxfce4util-bin libxfce4util-common libxfce4util4 libxfcegui4-4 libxfconf-0-2 libxml-parser-perl libxml-twig-perl libxml-xpath-perl libxss1 lightdm-gtk-greeter link-grammar-dictionaries-en m4 mpg321 murrine-themes orage parole pastebinit pidgin pidgin-data pidgin-libnotify pidgin-microblog pidgin-otr plymouth-theme-xubuntu-logo plymouth-theme-xubuntu-text python-configobj python-glade2 quadrapassel ristretto screensaver-default-images synaptic system-tools-backends tango-icon-theme tango-icon-theme-common tcl8.5 thunar thunar-archive-plugin thunar-data thunar-media-tags-plugin thunar-volman ttf-droid ttf-lyx tumbler tumbler-common xchat xchat-common xfburn xfce-keyboard-shortcuts xfce4-appfinder xfce4-cpugraph-plugin xfce4-dict xfce4-fsguard-plugin xfce4-indicator-plugin xfce4-mailwatch-plugin xfce4-mixer xfce4-mount-plugin xfce4-netload-plugin xfce4-notes xfce4-notes-plugin xfce4-notifyd xfce4-panel xfce4-places-plugin xfce4-power-manager xfce4-power-manager-data xfce4-quicklauncher-plugin xfce4-screenshooter xfce4-session xfce4-settings xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin xfce4-systemload-plugin xfce4-taskmanager xfce4-terminal xfce4-utils xfce4-verve-plugin xfce4-volumed xfce4-weather-plugin xfconf xfdesktop4 xfdesktop4-data xfwm4 xfwm4-themes xscreensaver xscreensaver-data xscreensaver-gl xubuntu-artwork xubuntu-default-settings xubuntu-desktop xubuntu-docs xubuntu-icon-theme xubuntu-wallpapers

Remove LXDE  / Lubuntu

sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove abiword abiword-common abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview  ace-of-penguins audacious audacious-plugins audacious-plugins-data blueman  chromium-browser chromium-browser-l10n chromium-codecs-ffmpeg  elementary-icon-theme esound-common galculator gdebi gdebi-core  gecko-mediaplayer giblib1 gnome-icon-theme-full gnome-mplayer gnome-system-tools  gnome-time-admin gnumeric gnumeric-common gnumeric-doc gpicview  gtk2-engines-pixbuf guvcview hardinfo indicator-status-provider-pidgin leafpad  libaacs0 libabiword-2.9 libaudclient2 libaudcore1 libaudiofile1 libbinio1ldbl  libbluray1 libbs2b0 libcddb2 libcompfaceg1 libcue1 libencode-locale-perl  libept1.4.12 libesd0 libexo-1-0 libexo-common libexo-helpers  libfile-listing-perl libfluidsynth1 libfm-data libfm-gtk-data libfm-gtk1 libfm1  libfont-afm-perl libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libglade2-0 libgmlib0  libgmtk0 libgmtk0-data libgoffice-0.8-8 libgoffice-0.8-8-common libgringotts2  libgsf-1-114 libgsf-1-common libgtkmathview0c2a libguess1 libhtml-form-perl  libhtml-format-perl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-tree-perl  libhttp-cookies-perl libhttp-daemon-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl  libhttp-negotiate-perl libid3tag0 libimlib2 libio-socket-inet6-perl  libio-socket-ssl-perl libjpeg-progs libjpeg-turbo-progs liblink-grammar4  libloudmouth1-0 liblwp-mediatypes-perl liblwp-protocol-https-perl  libmailtools-perl libmcrypt4 libmenu-cache1 libmowgli2 libmpg123-0  libnet-dbus-perl libnet-http-perl libnet-ssleay-perl libobrender27 libobt0  libonig2 liboobs-1-5 libopts25 libots0 libpisock9 libresid-builder0c2a  libsidplay2 libsocket6-perl libtar0 libtidy-0.99-0 libtie-ixhash-perl  libtimedate-perl libuniconf4.6 liburi-perl libvdpau1 libwebcam0 libwv-1.2-4  libwvstreams4.6-base libwvstreams4.6-extras libwww-perl libwww-robotrules-perl  libxfce4ui-1-0 libxfce4util-bin libxfce4util-common libxfce4util4 libxfconf-0-2  libxml-parser-perl libxml-twig-perl libxml-xpath-perl libxss1  lightdm-gtk-greeter link-grammar-dictionaries-en lm-sensors lubuntu-artwork  lubuntu-artwork-12-04 lubuntu-core lubuntu-default-settings lubuntu-desktop  lubuntu-icon-theme lubuntu-software-center lxappearance lxappearance-obconf  lxinput lxkeymap lxlauncher lxmenu-data lxpanel lxpanel-indicator-applet-plugin  lxrandr lxsession lxsession-edit lxshortcut lxtask lxterminal mplayer2 mtpaint  ntp obconf openbox openbox-themes osmo pcmanfm pidgin pidgin-data  pidgin-libnotify pidgin-microblog plymouth-theme-lubuntu-logo  plymouth-theme-lubuntu-text python-pysqlite2 python-xklavier scrot sylpheed  sylpheed-doc sylpheed-i18n sylpheed-plugins synaptic system-tools-backends  transmission ttf-lyx uvcdynctrl uvcdynctrl-data wvdial xfburn  xfce-keyboard-shortcuts xfce4-power-manager xfce4-power-manager-data xfconf  xfonts-100dpi xpad xscreensaver xscreensaver-data

Remove Gnome-Shell/Gnome-Fallback

sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove alacarte cups-pk-helper gir1.2-accountsservice-1.0 gir1.2-caribou-1.0  gir1.2-clutter-1.0 gir1.2-cogl-1.0 gir1.2-coglpango-1.0 gir1.2-folks-0.6  gir1.2-gdesktopenums-3.0 gir1.2-gee-1.0 gir1.2-gjsdbus-1.0 gir1.2-gkbd-3.0  gir1.2-json-1.0 gir1.2-mutter-3.0 gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0  gir1.2-panelapplet-4.0 gir1.2-polkit-1.0 gir1.2-telepathyglib-0.12  gir1.2-telepathylogger-0.2 gir1.2-upowerglib-1.0 gir1.2-xkl-1.0 gjs  gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-contacts gnome-icon-theme-full  gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-session-fallback gnome-shell  gnome-shell-common gnome-themes-standard indicator-applet-complete  libcaribou-common libcaribou0 libclutter-1.0-0 libclutter-1.0-common  libcogl-common libcogl-pango0 libcogl9 libgjs0c libmozjs185-1.0 libmutter0  libpanel-applet-4-0 mutter-common python-gmenu

Remove KDE  / Kubuntu

sudo apt-get remove akonadi-backend-mysql akonadi-server akregator amarok amarok-common amarok-utils appmenu-gtk appmenu-gtk3 appmenu-qt apport-kde apturl-kde ark bluedevil cdparanoia cdrdao docbook-xsl dolphin dragonplayer dvd+rw-tools freespacenotifier gnupg-agent gnupg2 gpgsm growisofs gstreamer0.10-qapt gtk2-engines-oxygen gwenview ibus-qt4 icoutils jockey-kde k3b k3b-data kaccessible kaddressbook kamera kate kate-data katepart kcalc kde-baseapps-bin kde-baseapps-data kde-config-gtk kde-config-touchpad kde-runtime kde-runtime-data kde-wallpapers-default kde-window-manager kde-workspace kde-workspace-bin kde-workspace-data kde-workspace-kgreet-plugins kde-zeroconf kdebase-runtime kdegames-card-data kdegraphics-strigi-analyzer kdelibs-bin kdelibs5-data kdelibs5-plugins kdemultimedia-kio-plugins kdenetwork-filesharing kdepasswd kdepim-groupware kdepim-kresources kdepim-runtime kdepim-strigi-plugins kdepim-wizards kdepimlibs-kio-plugins kdesudo kdm kdoctools kfind khelpcenter4 kinfocenter klipper kmag kmail kmix kmousetool knotes konsole kontact kopete kopete-message-indicator korganizer kpat kppp ksnapshot ksysguard ksysguardd ksystemlog ktimetracker ktorrent ktorrent-data kubuntu-debug-installer kubuntu-default-settings kubuntu-desktop kubuntu-docs kubuntu-firefox-installer kubuntu-netbook-default-settings kubuntu-notification-helper kubuntu-web-shortcuts kvkbd kwalletmanager language-selector-kde libakonadi-calendar4 libakonadi-contact4 libakonadi-kabc4 libakonadi-kcal4 libakonadi-kde4 libakonadi-kmime4 libakonadiprotocolinternals1 libarchive1 libassuan0 libattica0 libaudio2 libbluedevil1 libboost-program-options1.46.1 libcalendarsupport4 libcanberra-pulse libcln6 libclucene0ldbl libdbusmenu-qt2 libdebconf-kde0 libdiscid0 libdlrestrictions1 libdmtx0a libepub0 libeventviews4 libflac++6 libgadu3 libgif4 libgpgme++2 libgpgme11 libgpod4-nogtk libgps19 libgrantlee-core0 libhyphen0 libibus-qt1 libincidenceeditorsng4 libindicate-qt1 libiodbc2 libk3b6 libkabc4 libkateinterfaces4 libkatepartinterfaces4 libkblog4 libkcal4 libkcalcore4 libkcalutils4 libkcddb4 libkcmutils4 libkde3support4 libkdecorations4 libkdecore5 libkdegames5a libkdepim4 libkdepimdbusinterfaces4 libkdesu5 libkdeui5 libkdewebkit5 libkdgantt2 libkdnssd4 libkemoticons4 libkephal4abi1 libkexiv2-10 libkexiv2-data libkfile4 libkholidays4 libkhtml5 libkidletime4 libkimap4 libkio5 libkipi-data libkipi8 libkjsapi4 libkjsembed4 libkldap4 libkleo4 libkmanagesieve4 libkmbox4 libkmediaplayer4 libkmime4 libknewstuff2-4 libknewstuff3-4 libknotifyconfig4 libkntlm4 libkonq-common libkonq5-templates libkonq5abi1 libkontactinterface4 libkopete4 libkparts4 libkpgp4 libkpimidentities4 libkpimtextedit4 libkpimutils4 libkprintutils4 libkpty4 libkresources4 libkrosscore4 libksba8 libkscreensaver5 libksgrd4 libksieve4 libksieveui4 libksignalplotter4 libktexteditor4 libktnef4 libktorrent-l10n libktorrent3 libkunitconversion4 libkwineffects1abi2 libkworkspace4 libkxmlrpcclient4 liblastfm0 libmailcommon4 libmailtransport4 libmessagecomposer4 libmessagecore4 libmessagelist4 libmessageviewer4 libmhash2 libmicroblog4 libmpcdec6 libmsn0.3 libmtp-common libmtp-runtime libmtp9 libmuonprivate1 libmusicbrainz3-6 libmysqlclient16 libmythes-1.2-0 libneon27-gnutls libnepomuk4 libnepomukquery4a libnepomukutils4 libntrack-qt4-1 libntrack0 libokularcore1 libphonon4 libplasma-geolocation-interface4 libplasma3 libplasmaclock4abi2 libplasmagenericshell4 libpolkit-qt-1-1 libpoppler-qt4-3 libprison0 libprocesscore4abi1 libprocessui4a libpth20 libqalculate5 libqapt-runtime libqapt1 libqca2 libqca2-plugin-ossl libqgpgme1 libqimageblitz4 libqjson0 libqrencode3 libqt4-dbus libqt4-declarative libqt4-designer libqt4-help libqt4-network libqt4-opengl libqt4-qt3support libqt4-script libqt4-scripttools libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-sql-sqlite libqt4-svg libqt4-test libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtassistantclient4 libqtcore4 libqtglib-2.0-0 libqtgstreamer-0.10-0 libqtgui4 libqtscript4-core libqtscript4-gui libqtscript4-network libqtscript4-sql libqtscript4-uitools libqtscript4-xml libqtwebkit4 libraptor2-0 librasqal3 librdf0 libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw libreoffice-emailmerge libreoffice-impress libreoffice-kde libreoffice-math libreoffice-style-human libreoffice-style-oxygen libreoffice-writer libsolid4 libsolidcontrol4abi2 libsolidcontrolifaces4abi2 libsoprano4 libssh-4 libstlport4.6ldbl libstreamanalyzer0 libstreams0 libsyndication4 libtag-extras1 libtaskmanager4abi2 libtemplateparser4 libtextcat-data libtextcat0 libthreadweaver4 libvirtodbc0 libweather-ion6 libxml2-utils libyajl1 libzip1 muon muon-installer muon-notifier muon-updater mysql-client-core-5.1 mysql-common mysql-server-core-5.1 ntrack-module-libnl-0 obexd-client odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 okular okular-extra-backends oxygen-cursor-theme oxygen-icon-theme oxygen-icon-theme-complete partitionmanager phonon phonon-backend-gstreamer pinentry-gtk2 pinentry-qt4 plasma-dataengines-addons plasma-dataengines-workspace plasma-desktop plasma-netbook plasma-scriptengine-javascript plasma-scriptengine-python plasma-widget-facebook plasma-widget-folderview plasma-widget-kimpanel plasma-widget-kimpanel-backend-ibus plasma-widget-menubar plasma-widget-message-indicator plasma-widget-networkmanagement plasma-widgets-addons plasma-widgets-workspace plymouth-theme-kubuntu-logo plymouth-theme-kubuntu-text printer-applet pulseaudio-module-bluetooth python-kde4 python-pyudev python-qt4 python-qt4-dbus python-sip python-uno qapt-batch qapt-deb-installer qdbus quassel quassel-data rekonq shared-desktop-ontologies software-properties-kde soprano-daemon system-config-printer-kde systemsettings uno-libs3 update-manager-kde ure usb-creator-kde userconfig virtuoso-minimal virtuoso-opensource-6.1-bin virtuoso-opensource-6.1-common wodim xfonts-mathml

Remove Unity and the Default Desktop

sudo apt-get install gdm
sudo apt-get remove unity
sudo apt-get remove lightdm
sudo apt-get remove ubuntu-desktop

Now clean up the system by issuing sudo apt-get autoclean, and then perform updates and check dependencies with sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade, and lastly issue a reboot.

After rebooting, if no other error occurs, login and issue:

sudo apt-get remove gdm
sudo apt-get install lightdm
sudo apt-get install unity
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

References

How to delete all desktop environments except Unity?
Can I remove Unity now and how?
Removing KDE from Ubuntu


Cannot login graphically after update to 13.04

I had the very same problem some months ago, but can't quite point to it. Things to try: Go to text console, log in and check:

file permissions on /usr/, /etc/ and subfolders should mostly be 0755
add another user account. Can you log in graphically as him? If you can, it's about something in your home:

something I solve just by deleting (backup!) ~/.Xsession or basically ~/.X*
the jackhammer: mkdir ~/backup && mv ~/.??* ~/backup. If that doesn't kill it, the problem is not within your account.


adding printer, Authentication adding printer username password

OK, I figure out, that this is the request of a CUPS server authentication, which by default, has a value basic in config. And you have to switch it off by doing the following:

sudo nano /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
change the value DefaultAuthType to None
sudo service cups restart

No authentication required anymore


Which mailx package should I install for Nagios?

You should be able to install any of them.  I have bsd-mailx on my system, and I don't see any reason not to go with it.

It appears that this is the intended migration path.
Here's some of the apt-cache show mailx output:

Depends: bsd-mailx
Description: Transitional package for mailx rename
 This dummy package is provided to smooth the upgrade from mailx to
 bsd-mailx and can be safely removed afterwards.

Two additional things, though.   The instruction set you're using is quite old at this point (as you've seen, some package names change over time). And it's also about installing from source.

I'm assuming that you do actually want to install from source, presumably for more control or to get a specific version installed.
But in case you weren't aware of this (or for others who are not), there are a number of pre-built pacakges in the repositories for nagios already.

Here's some slightly edited output from apt-cache search nagios  :

nagios3-core - A host/service/network monitoring and management system core files
nagios3 - A host/service/network monitoring and management system
nagios3-cgi - cgi files for nagios3
nagios3-common - support files for nagios3
nagios3-dbg - debugging symbols and debug stuff for nagios3
nagios3-doc - documentation for nagios3
nagios-images - Collection of images and icons for the nagios system
nagios-nrpe-server - Nagios Remote Plugin Executor Server
nagios-plugins - Plugins for the nagios network monitoring and management system
nagios-plugins-basic - Plugins for the nagios network monitoring and management system
nagios-plugins-standard - Plugins for the nagios network monitoring and management system
[...]
djagios - A package to help configure nagios written in Django
libnagios-object-perl - module to parse and represent Nagios configuration as objects
libnagios-plugin-perl - family of perl modules to streamline writing Nagios
mailping - monitor email service availability and functioning
nagcon - console application interfacing to Nagios
nagios-nrpe-plugin - Nagios Remote Plugin Executor Plugin
nagios-plugins-extra - Plugins for the nagios network monitoring and manegement system.
nagios-snmp-plugins - SNMP Plugins for nagios
nagios-statd-client - Nagios client for monitoring remote system information
nagios-statd-server - Nagios server for monitoring remote system information
nagiosgrapher - Charting add-on for Nagios
nagstamon - Nagios status monitor which takes place in systray or on desktop
nagvis - Visualization addon for Nagios
ndoutils-nagios3-mysql - This provides the NDOUtils for Nagios with MySQL support
nsca - Nagios service monitor agent
pomamonitor - A simple host downtime alert for GNOME/KDE desktop


Wi-Fi does not work after rebooting "device not ready"

Per comment upgrading to the latest kernel (4.14 as of writing the words) helped.

I believe I've read somewhere about this problem (blog post or bugtracker), but can't find the source. IIRC the problem was that some hardware register ought to be dropped upon reboot to a certain value, but actually doesn't, which led to problems.