Running Ubuntu's latest release on Lenovo T430

After a quick Google search on the subject, it appears users of Manjaro Linux, a linux distribution based on arch linux, claim it is compatible with this version of your laptop.

This suggests to me that your laptop will be compatible when installing Ubuntu, and there should be no issues because the hardware is pretty good. For additional peace of mind, I will link you a thread I found on Reddit.

There are two users there claiming to run Mint on the same model.
There is a user there claiming to run ElementaryOS with VM's and Matlab.
There is a user there claiming to run Debian who had to configure wi-fi drivers.

So things look positive for you indeed and it is well worth a shot.
As a side note, you can pick up windows installation media on ebay for about $15 with a license key, as I have in the past, and you should have no issues with the ISO.
So a recovery to Windows would be a cheap and easy thing to perform worst case scenario - and nothing to worry about.


If you want to delete Ubuntu 64bit, just start from the live CD and open GParted from system-administration. Of-cause you should backup your home folder.
It is possible that your wireless card is only supported in 32bit.


No Internet Access on VMs in NAT Network in VirtualBox

According to VirtualBox manual, these are the network possibilities for your VMs:

NAT:  Internal network between VM and host. Besides you can access to the Internet. Two or more VMs in NAT mode don't have connectivity among them, only with the host and Internet.
Internal: All VMs with this configuration will have connectivity among them but not with the host nor Internet.
Host only: A virtual network will be created between the host and all the VMs with this configuration, but you will have no Internet access.
NAT Network: You can reach all VMs in the same pre-defined NAT network and the host, but you won't be able to connect to Internet.
Bridged: Your VM will be in the same network that your host as if it were other computer/server in this network, and thus, it will have Internet acces if your host has.
Generic: Advanced and more specific configuration rarely used.

So, if you want to create an internal network with connectivity to the host choose NAT Network, but notice that you will have no Internet access. NAT is set only when you just want Internet access from your VM and nothing else.

However none of these settings are ok with you if you want to have either connectivity between both VMs and the Internet. As far as I know, your only choice is to configure both VMs in bridged mode, so they will be 'different' computers in you host network and you will be able to ping them all and the Internet from any of them.

On the other hand, it seems that you clonned one VM from the other because both machines have the same MAC address (HWaddr in ifconfig command info), be aware that you should check the checkbox that reads "Reinitialize the MAC address of all network cards" when clonning. Two devices with the same MAC address always creates problems.

I am not an expert in VirtualBox so maybe other users can tell you other posible configurations to get what you want. I hope you find this information useful.

For more information you can read this.


I am trying to find out if someone is running a server on my Ubuntu without my knowledge

top should allow you to see processes currently running and you can order them by cpu / memory usage.

run top
press z and then x to see current sort column highlighted
press > to navigate to CPU column

now you have processes ordered by CPU usage, see if there's anything suspicious


How to set up SSHD to allow login using public key authentication?

The contents of id_rsa.pub have to be added to the file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys on the machine that you want to log into as root. On that ("target") machine, sshd also has to be configured to allow public key authentication. See sshd_config(5).

After this, you ssh as user root from some other machine to the target machine (by name or IP address, it doesn't matter). If you have protected the private key file /root/.ssh/id_rsa with a password then ssh asks you for the password so that it can read the private key.


xmlrpc.php not found or unable to stat [Ubuntu 14.04 Server]

I wouldn't be concerned about logging overhead or log file size. If the log file size grows out of hand you can logrotate(8) it and compress old logs in the process. Text files with many similar entries tend to be very well compressible.

You could even set up your custom cron job to filter those entries out of the rotated log files.


Are there sync(ing) programs available that can sync my newer files to the older files?

If you wanted to sync just your home directory, that's not too hard.  You could use rsync. Assuming you're booted to the hard drive and you've mounted the USB drive and they are set up identically,

 rsync -a --delete ~/ /media/whatever-the-usb-drive-is-called/home/user

in a terminal should sync the home directory on the USB version with the version on the hard drive you booted. the --delete option means that anything on the USB home that is not on the hard drive home will be deleted. Open a terminal and type

 man rsync

to read the manual for rsync.

If rsync is not installed on your system,

apt-get install rsync

will install it.


After Switching IDE to AHCI Ubuntu Installs But Won't Boot

It turns out it was the BTRFS file system that was causing the problem.

As soon as I switched to EXT4 and made a separate /boot partition, the problem disappeared.


How to route all traffic to a dynamically configured default gateway?

gateway4: 192.168.1.1

This is an alias for a default route to 0.0.0.0/0.  Remove this line, since Internet traffic is not supposed to go out the eth1 interface, and that should fix your problem.


This can be achieved with the GNOME shell extension Adjust Brightness Icon.

Install GNOME extensions if you have not already done so and select the extension. This will place an icon on the top bar which allows you to cycle through different settings of brightness.

If you don't have GNOME extensions installed this guide provides a handy reference.


Ubuntu 16.04 wired and wireless connection detected but no internet access

It was a network issue, I connected it with my mobile wifi and it worked.

Because in my network I was able to ping with the gateway and unable to ping 8.8.8.8, so I changed the network and it worked.


NTP service is unable to connect to ntp.ubuntu.com on ubuntu 18.04

I had the same problem when connecting to the internet via eduroam. The problem goes away when connecting via another network. It seems that the eduroam administrators are just a bit too careful with their firewall configuration or something like that.
As long as you occasionally connect to a network other than eduroam it shouldn't be a problem and your time should always stay in sync.


How do I format or partition a read-only USB drive?

I had the same problem. The issue at my case was that it was formatted as Ubuntu live CD. And instead of listing the mounpoint of the USB itself in /etc/mtab, the Live-Folder within the USB was listed. Therefore, it was impossible to unmount the USB-drive itself. My solution was to remove the mountpoint of the USB with the command

$ sudo rm -rf /media/<name of drive>

This had the same effect as unmounting the USB and I was able to use gparted for further steps (formatting etc.)


Try using photorec, from the package testdisk. It's specifically designed to recover multimedia files from SD cards and pendrives. You'll lose the file names, but at least you'll recover your photos, probably.

Here you can find a complete guide on using photorec.


mouse middle click opens dash in 13.04, regardless of application

As edwin noted in his comment, the middle mouse button of your Logitech Zone Touch T400 wireless mouse has an unusual default behavior. In fact there are two different middle mouse button behaviors, one for the upper and center part of the middle button (your problem middle mouse behavior) and another one for the bottom of the middle mouse button.

However the mouse behavior can be changed using xinput. Open the terminal and type xinput. The output of running xinput will tell you the full device name and the device id of your Logitech Zone Touch T400 wireless mouse. All you need to note from running this command is the device id number of your mouse. In the commands that follow, I'll call the mouse id number id#. In the commands that follow, substitute your mouse id number for id#.

To display the mouse properties run:

xinput list-props id#

Find the display property called Button Labels. Read the whole line of the display property called Button Labels to find out what each mouse button of your mouse does. Next you need to display the list of digits corresponding to each Button Label. To do this run:

xinput get-button-map id#

Next you can switch the mouse actions by switching the numbers around that you got from running xinput get-button-map id#. Let's say you have 12 mouse actions and you want to switch mouse action 11 with mouse action 12. To do this run:

xinput set-button-map id# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 11


`sudo chmod +x *` caused me cannot open anything

by running

sudo chmod -x * -R

you just removed execution rights to everything under your current directory, including subdirectories. This should not prevent to open files in the current directory for editing or reading, but this prevents you to open subdirectories and the files inside. You do not have to fiddle with "root" user.
Just run the following :

find . -type d

and you should get an error

find: 'xxxxx': Permission denied

for all subdirectories xxxxx in your current directory which name doesn't starts with a "." (dot). To fix, run

find . -type d -exec chmod +x {} +

and your subdirectories access will be restored. You'll then have to set proper execution rights on any formerly executable file in your subdirectories tree. Only you can find which files need it.


Where are settings for drag-and-drop touchpad behavior?

Check the output of synclient -l | grep -i drag. You'll see something like this:

LockedDrags             = 0
LockedDragTimeout       = 5000
TapAndDragGesture       = 1

I think LockedDragTimeout is the setting you want. To change it temporarily, run synclient LockedDragTimeout=value. Once you are happy with the value, add the command to startup applications.


How to enable SSH access using root account

Have you installed the SSH server on your machine? Here is a brief tutorial. You will need to edit the file /etc/ssh/sshd_config


There is other ways to install Ubuntu? (not wubi, not live CD)

Use the Ubuntu Windows installer (with these official installation instructions).


Pipe error with bash script called from python

To run a shell script in python 2.6, use the commands module:

import commands
status, output = commands.getstatusoutput("./script.sh")

status is now the exist status of your program, hopefully 0. The output the same as if the script were run like this:

{ cmd ; } 2>&1

In python3, the getstatusoutput method has moved into subprocess,

import subprocess
status, output = subprocess.getstatusoutput("./script.sh")

Please refer to:

subprocess
commands

In the standard library documentation.

There are more ways to spawn subprocesses, and you need to assess which one is the correct method in your case. Refer to the subprocess docs to read about them.

An even better way to run your script is this:

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
output = Popen(["sh", "script.sh", ], stdout=PIPE).communicate()[0]

It will work in python 2.6, 2.7, 3.1 and 3.2.

Note though that you can not use shell script in this method, if you want to pipe output around, use this method instead:

p1 = Popen(["dmesg"], stdout=PIPE)
p2 = Popen(["grep", "hda"], stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=PIPE)
output = p2.communicate()[0]

Whereas the commands module will accept "dmesg | grep hda"


Unable to remove package from Ubuntu software

The ONLY way to remove packages is to to use sudo apt remove .. or using dpkg.. If you didn't do that, reinstall the packages with sudo apt install .... then you could remove them as described above.
But your main problem is, that you setup an insecure password. Any decent database should not happy with that.


Can I overclock my AMD A8-6410 APU cpu with ubuntu? If so, how?

Sorry to be the bearer of bad news, but overclocking is purely hardware-supported.

Ubuntu won't make a difference in this example, as your motherboard likely does not support clocking the chip to any other mode.

Most laptops don't have this ability, and only certain desktops have the capability for this kind of overclocking.

Maybe you should consider asking on hardware-related sites, since the question here doesn't fit the topics for AskUbuntu.


How do I install Ubuntu Server (step-by-step)?

First, you will need to download the current version of Ubuntu Server. A 64 bit version is recommended, but you can also download a 32bit version from http://releases.ubuntu.com/.  Once downloaded you need to create a bootable CD/DVD or USB flash.

How to burn a DVD on Windows
How to create a bootable USB stick on Windows
How to burn a DVD on Ubuntu
How to create a bootable USB stick on Ubuntu

Once done, put the disc in your drive, or insert the USB flash, and reboot your machine. Make sure that you set your BIOS to boot either from the CD/DVD or USB flash depending on which installation method you choose.

Once booted, just follow the steps shown in the images below.

On the first screen you can choose you language of install.

Select Install Ubuntu Server.

Select the language used for the installation process.

Select your geographical location.

Configure your keyboard.  I choose no to manually choose the keyboard.

I choose the English (US) for country origin.

I choose the English (US) keyboard layout.

At this point the system will detect the hardware to find a CD-ROM drive.

At this step, the installation will detect and load any additional component.

At this step, the installation will detect the network hardware.

Type in the host name you want to configure your server as.

Type in the user's name.

Type in a password for the username.

Choose whether to encrypt your home directory or not.  I recommend selecting No I recommend selecting No because it makes it easier to do recovery if needed in case a corruption of data happens.

Configure clock, and time zone.

At this point, the installation is detecting disks, and other hardware.

At this stage is were you partition your disk(s).  Select Guided as it is the default method.

Select the partition of your choice, is this installation its the SCSI1.

Select Yes to start writing the changes to disks, and configure LVM.

Answer Yes to actually write the changes to disk.

The installation is copying data at this stage.

At this stage the installation is configuring Apt Sources.List.

This is were you can configure a Proxy.  I select Continue since I'm not using a proxy.

The installation is selecting the software being installed.

This is where you configure how to install updates.  I choose the automatic method.

You can choose one these option at the time of install or later.  if you select continue, you can manually choose what you want to install later.

Cleaning up is being done.

Starting the installation of Grub

Select Yes to install grub to the Master Boot Record.

Finishing the installation.  Select continue and remove the disk or USB.

You're done.  Reboot your machine, and type in your username you created earlier, and your password to login.  That is it, you are now logged in to your new Ubuntu server!


Login to Existing Windows Domain through Ubuntu

I advise you to have a look at the web site of Samba: www.samba.org.  You will have there full documentation including access to Windows domains.  In your case, I think this is what you need: Setting up samba as a domain member).
Anyway, prepare yourself to have to learn a lot of things, especially if you are novice in networking.


Ubuntu manual upgrader for 19.04 still showing development version for 19.04

Ubuntu 19.04 is uploaded to the main site (for download by mirrors) prior to official release; if bugs are discovered and a new 'spin' is made, and the uploaded ISO is just overwritten  (so ISO may change at this stage even if unlikely).

The official notice is made when all sign-offs are made, for Ubuntu 19.04 this notice is https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-release/2019-April/004753.html  (the ISO won't change from this point; if a new change is required it'll have a new designation like 17.10.1)

However even on release, upgrades may not be switched on for a day or 3. They will only be turned on when release team have are happy that no serious undiscovered upgrade bug has been found. Only when Disco (Ubuntu 19.04) is added to https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release will normal upgrades start to work (without the -d development option).

Last paragraph is largely from a #ubuntu-discuss discussion, and source is Rik Mills (acheronuk)


You might wanna try removing all .list files and downloading from the repo again.

Type
           sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/* -vf
into terminal followed by:
           sudo apt-get update


check your internet connection if its working.Then just go to update center, go to  settings and uncheck sources on wich you have errors.Or check out this answer Apt-Get Update: failure to fetch; can't connect to any sources


In many cases using the proprietary ATI provides better performance, if your graphics card is supported you should be able to select it from the "Additional Drivers" application.


How do I prevent kernel from updating beyond ATI GPU

Kernels will not upgrade to another major version through routine update & upgrade process. So you need not do anything for that. If you have installed 3.16.0-X-X version, you will get only security updates and bug fixes, which will affect only  (X-X).


How can I make a folder read-only for just a specific application?

I will show two methods that do not require to alter the files in the media library.
Accessing data from another user
Create a new (non administrative) user otheruser, add it to your group:
sudo gpasswd -a otheruser $USER

Modify your home to grant read and execute permissions for the group members (this is required if you have an encrypted home partition):
chmod g+rx $HOME

Then switch to otheruser, that should have now read access to all your data.
I should point out that, if you have an encrypted home partition, the other user could access your data as long as you are logged in. So you should login then switch user without loggin out from the first user.
Pretend to modify permissions
The package bindfs allow to mount a given directory with altered permissions, so the steps could be:
Install the package
sudo apt-get install bindfs

Create a mount point and assign it to your user
sudo mkdir /media/home-altered
sudo chown $USER:$USER /media/home-altered

Mount the real home to the mount point without write permissions:
sudo bindfs -p a-w $HOME /media/home-altered

Now, in /media/home-altered you will see your home directory with altered permissions, and accessing data through that path prevent to modify the data.
EDIT
Almost the same effect of the second method can be obtained with a bind mount and a read-only remount:
sudo mkdir /media/$USER
sudo mount --bind /home/$USER /media/$USER
sudo mount -o remount,ro /media/$USER


How can I prevent nohup from creating the file ~/nohup.out?

You may redirect the output anywhere you like, for example:

nohup /bin/bash -c "sleep 15 && python3 /home/orschiro/bin/show_state.py" >/dev/null 2>&1

redirection prevents the default output file nohup.out from being created. /dev/null is oblivion, so if you don't want the data at all, send it there.

In bash you can abbreviate >/dev/null 2>&1 to &>/dev/null

For programs I use often I make an alias (and add it to my .bashrc) for example

alias show_state='nohup /bin/bash -c "sleep 15 && python3 /home/orschiro/bin/show_state.py" >/dev/null 2>&1'

Now all I have to type is show_state


add-apt-repository  always throws an error

Try this solution : https://github.com/elementary/os/issues/399#issuecomment-698652540
Also, try reinstalling software-properties-common package by the command sudo apt install --reinstall software-properties-common


Ubuntu 19.10 "Something has gone wrong" after update from 19.04

So the reason was indeed the interrupted update process. Fixed this as described here: How do I resume a release upgrade?


Cairo-Dock: Is it possible to start/show/hide apps by +[1-9]

Yes you can !
Enable the "Remote-control" applet, the default shortkey is ctrl+F9 but you can assign anything to it (especially if it's already used by another app).
Then press the shortkey, and press a number (or use the arrows to navigate in the dock) :)

PS: our forum is here for any question: http://glx-dock.org/bg_forumlist.php


after Bios screen appears, the purple screen appears with a red circle and a white line through it, saying cannot load Ubuntu 2D

So If I understand correctly you seemed to have removed gnome and unity. And now you get a message saying Unity 2D doesn't load. Please do not remove stuff if you do not understand the importance of it. It is difficult to understand your scenario, but you seemed to have removed major components of your desktop.

You can try installing Unity back again by following the steps below,

Press Ctrl+F1 to enter into the tty terminal.
Login into your account by entering your credentials.
Type sudo apt-get install unity
Then type sudo reboot. Enter the password and reboot your computer
You should now be able to login into your desktop using Unity

However I strongly recommend that you reinstall Ubuntu on your system since you might have removed other important packages.

Tip: Do not follow instructions on the web without understanding them. If you had asked on AskUbuntu, you wouldn't have faced this issue. My personal recommendation is to stick with Unity (it is good by the way), use it and the judge it yourself instead of what you read on the internet. And once you are comfortable and know in and outs of Ubuntu then try experimenting with it.


BQ Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu Edition - microSD not recognised fully by the phone

Install and try with file manager app. To open select the storage swiping up. You will be asked for your password.


Can I install Ubuntu 16.04 LTS with less than 25GB hard disk space?

25GB is the recommended available space, however the minimums are stated in section 3.4 of the installation guides. Visit https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/installation-guide/ and select your machine architecture first. AMD64 with the desktop has a min of 10GB HDD.


Desktop file can't run script in terminal

I have managed to duplicate your problem and have a solution.

As your research has told you, your original problem was having:

Terminal=true

together with:

Exec=lxterminal -e /bin/hello.sh

The only problem is, that when you use:

Terminal=false

the terminal closes after executing the script, though it does actually run your script. As your script produces so little output it is not humanly possible to see this taking place so it seems like a "blank screen popping out".

As far as I can see (from man lxterminal and from Google), there is no specific way to ask lxterminal to stay open after it has executed a script, so you have to change the bash script (i.e. your hello.sh) itself.

For example you could add either of the following to the end of your script.

echo "Press [ENTER] to exit" && read

The terminal will wait for the user to hit Enter. (In fact to type anything followed by Enter.)

/bin/bash

The terminal will stay open.

For a discussion of the general problem of stopping the shell from closing after executing a command, including information about other terminal emulators, see: How to run a script without closing the terminal?

By the way the semicolon at the end of the Desktop file doesn't do anything, so you might as well remove it.

Summary: The only change you need to make to your original desktop file is Terminal=false, but you need to add a line to the end of your bash script if you want to see that the script has run.


As far as I can see in your ifconfig output, your eth0 interface is working (transmitting and receiving) but can't get an IP from your ISP. Does your ISP allow multiple connections (and gives multiple IP)? You can try to disconnect the wi-fi interface and see if cable connects.

UPDATE: you can try to put in /etc/network/interfaces:

auto lo eth0 wlan0
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface wlan0 inet dhcp

and restart networking with sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart (or reboot)


multiple repositories throwing a 404 trying to update on 15.04

Seems that these PPAs don't have packages for 15.04 vivid yet.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/pidgin/+bug/1454598

  The launchpad repos give a 404 for Pidgin since my dist-upgrade to 15.04:

  W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/pidgin-developers/ppa/ubuntu/dists/vivid/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found

  W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/pidgin-developers/ppa/ubuntu/dists/vivid/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found

  W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/pidgin-developers/ppa/ubuntu/dists/vivid/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found


First of all, this is possible to do.

Change your ssh log level to VERBOSE and restart ssh. Usually the file is located:

nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Find LogLevel option and change it to VERBOSE.

LogLevel VERBOSE

Restart SSH service

sudo service ssh restart; sudo service sshd restart;

Reconnect to ssh and check the log file.

nano /var/log/auth.log

Then you'll find something like this:

Dec 23 22:43:42 localhost sshd[29779]: Found matching RSA key: d8:d5:f3:5a:7e:27:42:91:e6:a5:e6:9e:f9:fd:d3:ce

Dec 23 22:43:42 localhost sshd[29779]: Accepted publickey for caleb from 127.0.0.1 port 59630 ssh2

Finally, relax and you're welcome :)


You need to clean up boot sector so that Ubuntu entry is gone.
Follow the instructions here

At Windows command prompt

Bootrec.exe /FixMbr

Bootrec.exe /FixBoot

Note : Bootrec.exe is located under C:\Windows\system32

Once that is done, restart the computer and then install Ubuntu using the live USB.


Installing Driver for Matrox M9140 on Ubuntu 14.04

The Matrox readme file states that the driver works till Xorg 1.13 and works for Ubuntu 13.04. So the best bet for you would be to keep on Ubuntu 13.04 and urge Matrox support to provide updated drivers to work with Xorg 1.15 and Ubuntu 14.04.

Other option could be downgrade Xorg server to 1.13 with Ubuntu 14.04. This can actually work by pinning xserver-xorg* packages to raring release (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PinningHowto) and downgrading xserver-xorg* packages. However, I would not recommend that unless you are familiar with pinning and comfortable with package manipulations. If you are determined to do that I could provide precise steps to do that though there is no telling if it could cause something else to not work correctly.


Black screen after boot with AMD Radeon graphic card enabled

Probably you can install the drivers even without the card enabled.
If you want to go with open source drivers, the correct packages is xserver-xorg-video-radeon (but you should have it installed by default).

I had a lot of problems with my Intel + Radeon combo (it's a 7400m here, so maybe it doesn't apply to you). I put some consideration here: https://askubuntu.com/a/390050/16395

Basically, to go with the open-source drivers you just make sure you have the aforementioned package installed and make sure you do not have a /etc/X11/xorg.conf file. (If you have, backup it and try to remove it).

To go with the proprietary AMD drivers you can simply install them with

sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-pxpress

and then reboot.

Be prepared to having to rescue the system if they do not work by entering again in recovery mode and uninstalling them --- remember to remove the xorg.conf file in this case; uninstalling the fglrx packages will not automatically remove it, and if present the open source drivers will not work.

Useful question/answers: How do I get AMD/Intel Hybrid Graphics drivers to work?


How do I enable Remote Desktop connection on Xubuntu 11.10?

Input the following line to install vino:

sudo apt-get install vino

Input the following line to configure vino:

vino-preferences

Follow the onscreen instructions to make changes to your remote desktop sharing preferences.

Go to XFCE settings manager and select "session and startup" and "application auto start"
Click Add and Enter the following command to start the vino server:

/usr/lib/vino/vino-server


I would like to unzip as different file name

By default, unzip extracts the content of the archive directly into the current directory.

You can specify a different target directory where to extract the files using the -d option:

unzip example.zip -d /path/to/wherever/you/want/the/archive/to/get/extracted

Or if the archive itself contains a folder example which you want to extract to the current directory, but with a different name, you must manually rename it to examplefold afterwards:

unzip example.zip && mv example examplefold


juju error executing lxc-clone local-provider

The local provider does not work inside other lxc containers.  Nested lxc isn't supported without hacking the lxc config externally.


If you click on the Ubuntu icon at the top left of the screen something called the Dash will open. It will have a search panel. Type the word help and you will see an icon of a blue circle with a white question mark ( ? ). Click on it to open the Ubuntu Desktop guide for 11.10 or drag the icon to the panel on the left (called the Launcher) and the icon will stick in the Launcher so that you can access the Ubuntu Desktop Guide easily whenever you need to. The guide will explain how to remove icons from the Launcher.

This link will bring you to an on-line version of the Ubuntu Desktop Guide

On-line Ubuntu Desktop Guide - 11.10

Another source of Ubuntu information is the Ubuntu Community Documentation . Please remember, that just as Ubuntu is under progressive development so also is the documentation. Not only that but many of us are still using earlier versions of Ubuntu. So, what might seem out of date to someone using the latest Ubuntu is not out of date for those using earlier versions.

Regards


Is there somewhere I can buy a 20.04 disk

https://www.google.com/search?q=20.04+disk&safe=active&client=firefox-b-e&sxsrf=ALeKk01rglNyH9CGZ3vsnOaWeOedhFv33A:1591055150186&source=lnms&tbm=shop&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjy62o5uHpAhVOPcAKHfkJCtkQ_AUoAXoECAwQAw&biw=1278&bih=664 -i think this is what you want, i didnt quite understand.


Yes, it would be rare that you would just so happen to catch a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) IP address lease acquisition/renewal in progress.

Since your netstat command did not include the -n swtich, it is translating the two DHCP ports, port 68 to BootPc and port 67 to Bootps ("c"lient i.e. you, and "s"erver i.e. the gateway / router / dhcp server (I assume)).

The session should close quickly and you should see a similar time stamp to when you did that command in your dhcp client leases file at /var/lib/dhcp/dhclient.interface-name.leases, for example /var/lib/dhcp/dhclient.enp4s0.leases.


Fedora login gone after Ubuntu updates on a dual boot

After mounting the Fedora partition in Ubuntu, you can see the menu.lst file of Fedora which will be located in /boot/. Convert the entry which says title Fedora to a GRUB 2 entry and include it in /boot/grub/grub.cfg in the Ubuntu filesystem. Save and restart. You will get back your Fedora.

Note: you have to edit this file as super user, i.e. with

sudo gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg


To stop the service use below command

sudo service tomcat6 stop

or (if you need a restart)

sudo tomcat6 restart

To kill the process use below steps

In terminal, run:

fuser -n tcp 8080

Now we got some output like this:

8080/tcp:   12345

Here 123456 is the process id. Kill that using:

kill -9 12345

Alternatively, you can get tomcat process id by using

ps -ef |grep 'catalina'


There are few simmilar bugs on Launchpad for openjdk, one of them has such a solution:

Uninstalled Netbeans 7.3;
Uninstalled Java 6;
Installed Java 7;
Installed Netbeans 7.3;

It has been copied from here.


How do I edit the autosave interval of gedit?

I have to ask, why do you need gedit to save every second?

Gedit's autosave interval seemingly can only be adjusted at a one-minute resolution. I can give you commands to do it on the command line, but you'll still be only able to set a 1-minute autosave timer.

gsettings set org.gnome.gedit.preferences.editor auto-save true
gsettings set org.gnome.gedit.preferences.editor auto-save-interval 1


After update, Ubuntu has now become PopOS

You have to purge Pop OS PPA with
sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

sudo ppa-purge ppa:system76/pop

to transform the system back to ordinary Ubuntu. You can use Synaptic to determine left-overs of PopOS and to revert packages to official Ubuntu by specifying their versions.
Manual way is to parse output of saved dpkg -l for pop[0-9] package versions and pop- package names. Be careful with popularity-contest and poppler stuff, they are useful.

To get only Popsicle USB flasher you can grab only its packages by
cd ~/Downloads
wget -c https://launchpad.net/~system76/+archive/ubuntu/pop/+files/popsicle_1.3.0~1609365419~20.04~5a49bee_amd64.deb
wget -c https://launchpad.net/~system76/+archive/ubuntu/pop/+files/popsicle-gtk_1.3.0~1609365419~20.04~5a49bee_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install ./*popsicle*.deb

without adding whole PPA to the system.


while installing do you get a message that you are in UEFI and you will not able to launch the OS again in bios mode?
If you continued in UEFI mode you can't launch back windows 10?
Have you choosed the option to "continue in UEFI mode"


I have the same GPU, running beautifully on 18.04, here's what I did:

This is a great question, it's nice to know what GPUs work with Ubuntu.

My set-up: I had a pre-existing Ubuntu 18.04 installation with a 64 bit Intel quad core on a Windows 7 machine. Everything was working before, then I did Method 1 (below), then the new GPU worked with no re-install of Ubuntu, but movies wouldn't play. In order to make movies play, I had to re-install Ubuntu fresh, after seating the GPU on the motherboard.

Do you really need drivers?

Yes. But, you can either install them manually after Ubuntu is already installed (buggy) OR you can just get them when you install Ubuntu by having the GUP already on the motherboard.
"Open Source" drivers come a. with the AMD driver download (Driver's First, below) and b. when you install Ubuntu. You only need to download drivers with Method 1, Method 2 will automatically download the Open Source drivers when you install Ubuntu.

Method 1: No Ubuntu re-install, can't play video, normal desktop works great:

I. Drivers First

Download the driver's you need before you change-out your working/inferior GPU. I found it at the the AMD Radeon RX560 download page. (A great driver website, btw, should be easy to find stuff!)
Install the driver per the instructions:

In the unpacked directory: ./amdgpu-install -y
Wait a while at about 72% since it needs to build something, it didn't break, be patient
That should be it, you're done

Per this post at amd.com, Open Source AMD drivers are best for most uses, including gaming and video. The "Pro" line (as opposed to the Open Source line) is for things like CAD. You probably don't need Pro unless someone with a master's degree looked at your face and told you so, really.
If you have special "Pro" GPU needs, follow the instructions that come with the download (use a web browser to open this file in the unpacked directory: doc/index.html)

Method 2: Re-install Ubuntu, so you don't need drivers

I. Back up your stuff

Before setting the GUP onto the motherboard, do whatever backups you do before re-installing Ubuntu. That usually involves backing up your /home folder and whatnot, you know.
Once you seat the new GPU on the motherboard, you won't be able to boot to an already-installed Ubuntu.

Methods 1 & 2 (continued...)

II. Motherboard Precautions

Before seating (changing) any new hardware cards on the motherboard, including RAM, disk drives, GPU card, etc...

Power off the PC
Turn-off the power supply switch in back
Then unplug the power supply

If you add/remove cards on the motherboard while it is plugged into power, even if powered off, the smallest cross in connection points can fry the entire motherboard, which I've seen happen. This could cause your "Black screen of death", a permanent and expensive dilemma.

III. Change-Out the GPU

NOT to be silly: "Did you plug it in?" is a troubleshooting question that solves many hardware problems! "Did you try replacing the cable?" solves almost as many.

Be gentle, do things correctly and mindfully, no "forcing"
Check that the GPU card fits everywhere nicely
Plug the video cables into the back
Plug back in the power cable
Turn-on the power supply switch
Boot the PC

IV. Additional Settings

My BIOS clock was reset, I set the time and saved BIOS (it kept bugging me every reboot until I save-exited)
I did NOT reset BIOS settings, only set the time and save-exited
I had to reboot from Ubuntu once for the PC to recognize which monitor I was using
Some of my custom desktop settings returned to default, so I changed them back

V. Conclusion

This GPU really works great with Ubuntu! It's beautiful, silent, and fast—but you need to install it correctly.

Make sure you follow all hardware precautions, should be common sense stuff.


removing ubuntu from a laptop (corrupted ubuntu)

Okay so the first thing I would suggest to do is uninstall Ubuntu via the Windows side, perhaps using Your Uninstaller Pro! or Revo to ensure all files are successfully wiped. Any uninstall methods that clean leftover files and registry.

Now you could use WUBI to install, however this does not make a partition. I would recommend getting the latest Ubuntu iso file, and installing from CD. The new install method also has an improved method of showing the room on the hard drive and how much room Ubuntu will use. Thumbs up if I helped, thanks!


"Should I upgrade?" is a question that leans toward opinion-based, but I'll try to provide some factual information that can help you make your decision.

Node 4.2 is LTS

With the release of Node 4.2.0 in early October, Node adopted a "Long Term Support" strategy that is somewhat similar to what you might find with Ubuntu's LTS releases. They plan to make a new LTS release every year in October. Each LTS will be supported for 30 months following its release (18 months of active support, followed by a 12 month period of critical bug fixes while the release is in "Maintenance Mode").

Node 4.2.0 is the first of these new LTS releases, with support planned until April 2018.

Node 0.12 is still actively maintained

Released before the current LTS plan was finalized, the 0.12 release that you're currently running is a "special case". It is effectively being treated as an LTS release, with active status until April 2016 and critical maintenance through December 2016.

This chart will probably make everything more clear:

Some third-party modules may not work

As is to be expected with a major release, there were some breaking API changes. They've published a guide for those wishing to upgrade.

Many of the changes are not likely to affect your app directly, but it's possible that some of your app's dependencies won't play nice with Node 4.2. In particular, native addons (compiled with node-gyp) seem to be some of the most likely to be affected. There is a list of modules known not to work with Node 4. Hopefully many of these have released updates that are compatible with Node 4 over the last month. Trying to run your app with Node 4 may be the easiest way to find out.

New features, etc, etc

And of course, there is a daunting list of new features that have been included in Node since 0.12. Maybe something in there will be valuable enough to justify the effort of upgrading your app.


'ns2.35' Howto : sudo apt-get install g++ g++-4.9 autoconf libtool libxmu-dev xgraph

tar xvf ns-allinone-2.35_gcc5.tar.gz
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7S255p3kFXNVVlxR0ZNRGVORjQ/view?usp=sharing

cd ns-allinone-2.35/
export CC=gcc-4.9 CXX=g++-4.9 && ./install
cd ns-2.35/
sudo make install      ( 'make install' will copy 'ns' to /usr/local/bin/ )
cp ns ns-orig          ( this is your backup if you do changes to ns-2.35 )
sudo cp ns-orig /usr/local/bin/
cd ../nam-1.15/
sudo make install

That's it. No more to do. Simulation : $ ns file.tcl or $ ns-orig file.tcl


ubuntu 16.04 upgrade - two finger scroll not working

Although I use a wireless mouse, I also upgraded from 14.04 to 16.04 on a Dell Inspiron 17R 7720 SE and the two finger scrolling works perfectly (I just tried it). I'm on Kernel version 4.7.5 with Intel microcode updates though and never tested under Kernel 4.4. I just want to let you know it does work on Dell touchpad under 16.04.

There is a screen you need to go to in System Settings, Mouse & Touchpad to enable two-finger scrolling as this screen snapshot illustrates:

Edit 1 - Synaptics Driver Override

Having verified that Two finger scroll is checked and it still doesn't work, we need to dig deeper. Read wiki.debian.org/SynapticsTouchpad. Where it says:

If multitouch doesn't work for you, your hardware may not support it, but you can use the following options to emulate multitouch which allows most of the features to work. Try adding these lines to the Touchpad section:

Option          "EmulateTwoFingerMinZ"  "35"
Option          "EmulateTwoFingerMinW"  "8"

Follow the instructions in the link


How to increase the size of window-buttons on Ubuntu 19.04

I guess resizing Windows buttons are not possible in this theme.

Alternatively, you can change the DPI settings of the display allows you to effectively zoom the entire screen. But not recommended!


ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

Check the file: /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

verify if this line exists:

plugin-load-add = auth_socket.so

then go to MariaDB:

sudo mysql -u root

and make these modifications:

MariaDB [(none)]>use mysql;
MariaDB [(none)]>update user set plugin=' ' where User='root';
MariaDB [(none)]>flush privileges;
MariaDB [(none)]>exit

I didn't have access to mysqlworkbench, but after I applied this solution, everything ruan well...


Pain in the neck: Is there a way to reverse the vertical direction of gnome-terminal?

No - this is the way the vast majority of computers display information.
A simple, non-technical solution is to raise your monitor up. In the UK, NHS guidelines say:

Place your screen at eye level
Your screen should be directly in front
of you. A good guide is to place the monitor about an arm's length
away, with the top of the screen roughly at eye level. To achieve this
you may need to get a stand for your monitor. If the screen is too
high or too low, you'll have to bend your neck, which can be
uncomfortable.


In my opinion the best course of action would be to:

Take back up of all your data using Ubuntu.
Delete all partitions on Disk 0 (the one with Windows installed).
Install any of Ubuntu/Windows. They will create the required partitions themselves. (Preferably Windows

In case you want to try and salvage (that seems more difficult now) read on.

Try this first:

gdisk t 2 EFOO
gdisk t 4 0700

Then follow only the Steps 1, 2 and 3 below (DO NOT DO 4).
Reboot to see if it works.

IF NOT, then proceed to the below instructions.

The 300MB SYSTEM partition is most likely (99.99%) the EFI partition. You don't need gparted for the operations we need.
Just boot into Ubuntu and run these:

Find you EFI partition's name

sudo fdisk -l

The EFI partition will be the one with size as 300MB as you have mentioned. Note it's name (/dev/sda2 most likely)
Mount the EFI partition

sudo mkdir /mnt/efipart
sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/efipart

Copy the EFI directory to the partition from your windows install media. First find the name for your Windows install media using fdisk as in step 1. Let us assume it is /dev/sdc1

sudo cp -R /dev/sdc1/efi/* /mnt/efipart/EFI/

Set the EFI partition flags.

gdisk t 2 EFOO

BTW: Looking again at the partition table you just showed, it seems that this may not work (but is still worth a try).

In case this doesn't work, you will have to repartition the disk (start over from scratch)
See these in case:

https://superuser.com/questions/764799/how-to-create-an-efi-system-partition
How do I create an EFI partition


terminal window freeze for a few seconds after typing

compiz[2222]: context mismatch is due to a use of video acceleration, so usually disabling it should fix the problem :)


Per default, there is nothing in /etc/init.d/rc.local, only a she-bang and a exit 0, which is very important.

 printf '#!/bin/sh -e\nexit 0\n' | sudo tee /etc/rc.local


Canon (MG 5350) scangear doesn't appear in dash

If you want ScangearMP to appear in the Dash, you can create a .desktop file for it.

Copy the following into a text editor:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=ScanGear MP
Comment=Cannon's scanner software
Exec=scangearmp
Icon=scanner
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Application;Graphics;Scanning;

Save the file with filename scangearmp.desktop

To use the desktop file from the Dash you will need to copy it to /usr/share/applications for any user to be able to use it (you will need administrator permissions) or to ~/.local/share/applications (where ~ means your user directory) if you just want it to be available for one user.

Source: adapted from Creating a .desktop file for a new application, and as I've used myself.

Notes:

Version

Refers to the .desktop file version, not to the program version.

Name

The name that should be displayed on the menu.

Exec

The path to the executable. As scangearmp installs into /usr/bin (in the default path) I've left off the full path, which works for me.

Icon

The path to the icon file that will be used in the Dash. I've used a generic icon name that's also used for Simple Scan.


Installing ubuntu 14.04 on macbook pro 4,1

It seems that you would be better served installing 10.04 in accordance with this guide as it's the most recent LTS release tested on your hardware. Older versions of Ubuntu are available at http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/

If you would be interested in helping the Mactel Support team you can look here

you may also be interested in the Apple Users Ubuntu Support Forum


Remapping the rear outputs of my sound device to the front outputs (remapping 4.1 to stereo)

Ultimately the command I used was this:

pacmd load-module module-remap-sink sink_name=remap-41-full master=alsa_output.usb-Focusrite_Scarlett_2i4_USB-00.analog-surround-40 channels=4 master_channel_map=front-left,front-right,front-left,front-right channel_map=rear-left,rear-right,front-left,front-right remix=yes

Obviously you'll need to change alsa_output.usb-Focusrite_Scarlett_2i4_USB-00.analog-surround-40 to the name of your actual audio sink (obtained from pacmd list-sources | grep name:). What I didn't realise is that channel_map is where the sound comes from, and master_channel_map is where it will end up. So you want to list the rear channels in the channel_map, and remap them into front channels in the master_channel_map.

This creates a new output device, and once you set pulseaudio to use it, will correctly remap rear audio to front audio.


I have the same laptop except with dual GT 750Ms. I have just managed to solve this issue.

The solution:

Go into the nvidia-settings utility.
Click on the section for your laptop display (mine was DFP-1-(LGD)).
Go to the Controls tab.
Under Dithering Controls there will be a Depth option. Mine was set to Auto and had two further options: 8 bpc and 6 bpc. Changing it to 6 bpc instantly solved the funny colour gradients that made it look like it was running at a 16-bit colour depth.

I hope this helped solved your issue. Maybe someone more knowledgeable can explain why this works and why 8 bpc looks worse than 6 bpc.


Will my original OS be deleted when I try UBUNTU?

The "Try Ubuntu" option is different from the "Install Ubuntu" option.

When you use the "Try Ubuntu" option runs the Ubuntu OS from the live cd itself and does not install it to your hard drive.

If you decide to install Ubuntu, then you have to make sure to do a side-by-side installation, otherwise it could accidentally wipe windows, but that is different than the "Try Ubuntu" option.


You could try spamming Shift until you see GRUB is loading and then hold Shift until the GRUB menu loads. You also may want to spam your Esc key.


how to explicitly use mv to rename a folder(Pen-drive)?

When you connect a USB, the kernel will give it a name in the /dev folder, probably /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc.

The partition in your device gets mounted in the folder /media/yourusername/partition-label.

What you are trying to do is to move the folder where is mounted /media/uman/USB\ STICK, and this cannot be don whilst is mounted (busy).

If you want to rename the pendrive, you can change the label of the partition with the "disks" utility in Ubuntu. Next time it will mount in a /media/yourusername/newlabel.

You can also mount it manually in a different folder with any name you want. Have a look at man mount if this is what you want.


The Unity launcher panel disappears after a second

In System Settings select Appearance and then go to Behavior tab to modify the launcher auto-hide settings. Probably, what you want to adjust is the sensitivity option.

A 3rd party application Unity Tweak Tool has even more options for launcher's settings.
Unity Tweak Tool can be acquired via apt-get install unity-tweak-tool. You will most likely need administrative permission, thus sudo before apt-get should be added.
Open the Unity Tweak Tool and locate Launcher under Unity category.


Delete files older than 5 days as well as in all subfolders

First of all, don't give a glob to find (no files*), just give it the parent directory (/path/to/). It will deal with recursing into it and finding all files. Next, rm will never delete directories, so you don't need to worry about that either. Still, the simplest way is:

find /path/to/ -type f -mtime +5 -delete

Note the -type f which tells find to only look at files and the -delete which, well, deletes them. This is more efficient than calling a separate rm for each result.


How to create a bootable usb stick for ubuntu on RHEL 6

Here's my suggestion:

isoinfo -d -i foobar.iso (get the Volume Size and Block Size)
dd if=foobar.iso bs=2048 count=344064 of=/dev/sda   (or whatever the usb path is)

The bs and count is probably optional, but it's better to be safe.  If you do a search, you'll find similar posts and solutions.  Here's another example solution.

How to burn a Windows .iso to a USB device?


You can download packages from here:

https://launchpad.net/~shnatsel/+archive/ubuntu/plymouth/+packages

You should be able to install .deb package automatically. .tar.gz contains the files thrown in an archive. I am not familiar with .dsc


DNS/systemd-resolve/dnsmasq/resolvconf problems. Errors in syslog. 18.04

First, thanks to @Terrance and @BernardWei for pointing me to information that ultimately helped me resolve this problem. I used parts of their links to formulate my own process to resolve the repeating error messages in syslog.

Looking at /etc/resolv.conf gives a clue. The nameserver is 127.0.0.1, and that is placed there by dnsmasq. In 18.04 it should be 127.0.0.53, placed there by systemd-resolved.

On my system, I did:

ps auxc | grep -i dns
ps auxc | grep -i resolv

And found that both dnsmasq and systemd-resolved were running, and as far as DNS is concerned, they overlap in functionality. There are two possible fixes.

Fix #1:

I uninstalled dnsmasq and dnsmasq-base (probably left over from a system prior to -29), and then restarted systemd-resolved. /etc/resolv.conf now correctly shows that the nameserver is 127.0.0.53.

Fix #2:

If you need BOTH dnsmasq and systemd-resolved running, then edit /etc/systemd/resolved.conf and change:

#DNSStubListener=yes

to:

DNSStubListener=no

and restart systemd-resolved.


I have successfully solved this problem. I did it by removing all the libraries associated with srtp before reinstalling the srtp library from its source.


How to print from a 32-bit 12.04 Ubuntu laptop to a printer on a 64-bit windows 7 pro computer

On the windows 7 computer where the printer is connected, go into Devices and Printers

Right click on the printer you want to print to from the Ubuntu machine.

Left click on printer preferences, then in the window that pops up click on the Ports tab for the printer.

Look for bi-directional printing and un-check the box next to it and save. Now you should be able to print to the printer from your Ubuntu machine.


To prevent rsnapshot from traversing mount points when e.g. backing up /, you can use one_fs=1 in the rsnapshot.conf file.
The one_fs=1 will add -x to rsync which causes rsync to stay in the filesytem that was passed as source and to not span different filesystems.

A possible rsnapshot configuration could be as follows.

backup  /           localhost/rootfs one_fs=1


unable to set input method as ibus in gnome-language-selector

After a lot of Googling and continuous efforts to resolve this problem I finally found the solution a package ibus-m17n is also needed.Which installs the required databases for various kind of keyboard maps corresponding to the keys of that language.In above case by installing ibus only the daemon was running but one need to make sure that input langugage database is also installed.
This database is usually in following folder

/usr/share/m17n

In my case for various input methods to be able to come in drop down menus of ibus preferences following files were needed

/usr/share/m17n/hi-inscript.mim
/usr/share/m17n/hi.lnm
/usr/share/m17n/hi-remington.mim
/usr/share/m17n/hi-itrans.mim
/usr/share/m17n/hi-phonetic.mim
/usr/share/m17n/hi-typewriter.mim

The above files are keymaps for Hindi langugage.Which are needed by the ibus daemon.
Due to absence of above files I was not able to see any input method.A correctly configured ibus with local language database installed will look as follows
https://picasaweb.google.com/107404068162388981296/UnknownAsianLanguage#5705518106929667058


Why did installation of MySQL 5.6 on Ubuntu 14.04 fail?

I have encounter the same problem when I init my small VPS. The issue is caused by small memory. So without spending extra money to increase the memory which you not needed, you could simply create swap files to aids the installation. Yes the swap is slow, but all you need is get the install done.

On Ubuntu 14.04, I do the following to solve the problem:

Create a 4G swap file:

sudo fallocate -l 4G /swapfile

Change its permission to only root could access and change:

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile

Make it swap:

sudo mkswap /swapfile

Activate:

sudo swapon /swapfile

Now you can try install mysql again, it should success this time. Just remember to remove the previous unsuccessful installation before you do so.


Answering my own question: it depends on whether, at the login screen, I choose an "Ubuntu" session or "Ubuntu on Wayland".

The former starts plain Xorg; there the dead keys work as designed. Under Wayland they don't. I see that some bugs have been reported about composing keys in the recent past.

Having no pressing reason to use Wayland, I now switch back to Xorg.


download.01.org certificate verification failed - CRLfile missing?

You can download the certificate manually with openssl and add it into your local trusted certificates:

echo -n | openssl s_client -connect download.01.org:443 | \
  sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' | \
  sudo tee '/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/download_01_org.crt'
sudo update-ca-certificates


What is the purpose of the "bootstrapping instance" in Juju?

The bootstrap instance runs two critical pieces of the infrastructure: Zookeeper and the provisioning agent. Here is the architecture overview:

Right now this is actually a single point of failure.. though that will be solved in the near term by expanding the "bootstrap" service to 2 units either on demand, or in response to deploying a second machine. Luckily, Zookeeper is designed for high availability and the provision agent will use Zookeeper for coordination so its not a complex problem to solve, just one that needs to be solved before Juju is ready for real production usage.


With Ubuntu 14.04 host with kernel 3.13.0-151 all my kvm virtual machines crash on boot

This problem  was not newer solved. But time has handled it. Ubuntu 14.04 is not supported any more and it seems, that with Ubuntu 18.04.03 LTS same virtual servers with KVM/qemu virtualisation that worked with 3.13.0-149 but not newer kernels, work fine with Ubuntu 18.04.03 LTS newest kernels.


"/usr/bin/node: No such file or directory" after `snap install node` and removing node apt-installed node

Open a new shell and it'll work.

https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/snap-bin-npm-no-such-file-or-directory-after-snap-remove-node-and-installing-node-via-apt/11981/4


Checking how much space is used on my computer

By "memory" do you mean disk space or RAM?

To find out how much RAM is used right now (-m for MiB):

free -m

To find out how much disk space is used on your computer (-m for MiB):

df -m | grep '^\(Filesystem\|/dev/\S\+\)'

To list the 20 packages taking the most disk space (size given in KiB):

dpkg-query -Wf '${Installed-Size}\t${Package}\n' | sort -rn | head -20

To show programs in RAM:

top


Check the rights to your snap folder, they should be at least 755

sudo chmod 755 /home/[YOUR USERNAME HERE]

I've had the same problem and this worked for me.


Ubuntu would be quite slow, if running at all, on your machine.

I would recommend trying Lubuntu, which is much leaner than Ubuntu and will work well with limited resources. Here is Lubuntu's homepage : http://www.lubuntu.net/


Is getting installed package list from a dead system possible?

Technically speaking, yes it is possible. All installed packages have a *.list file associated with them; these files are lists of all the files that were created upon installation of a package (but that's beside the point, we only need to know the names of the packages themselves to know what's been installed).

So what you can do is connect the drive (could be SATA to USB connector or live CD/USB ) mount your broken drive's partition (with udisksctl mount -b /dev/sdb1 , note to replace sdb1 with actual disk), navigate to the mount point where partition was mounted, and run

 find ./var/lib/dpkg/info/ -name "*.list"  -type f -printf "%P\n" |  awk -F'.' '{print $1}'

For instance, I've another partition on my drive where I've got 15.10 Ubuntu. Here's what I'd do:

DIR:/xieerqi
skolodya@ubuntu:$ udisksctl mount -b /dev/sdb5
Mounted /dev/sdb5 at /media/xieerqi/0ca7543a-5463-4a07-8bbe-233a7b0bd6251.

DIR:/xieerqi
skolodya@ubuntu:$ cd /media/xieerqi/0ca7543a-5463-4a07-8bbe-233a7b0bd6251

DIR:/0ca7543a-5463-4a07-8bbe-233a7b0bd6251
skolodya@ubuntu:$ find /var/lib/dpkg/info/ -name "*.list"  -type f -printf "%P\n" |  awk -F'.' '{print $1}' | head
libbuzztard0
linux-headers-3
indicator-bluetooth
python-twisted-mail
netpbm
mtp-tools
javahelp2
firefox-locale-zh-hant
gir1
libqapt2

Side note

This approach produces the list that shows packages of all installed packages as of the last boot of the system. Example from my running system

DIR:/xieerqi
skolodya@ubuntu:$ find  /var/lib/dpkg/info/ -name "*.list"  -type f -printf "%P\n" |  awk 'END{print NR}'
2837

DIR:/xieerqi
skolodya@ubuntu:$ dpkg --get-selections | awk 'END{print NR}'
2837


cron jobs are not associated with any terminal. The output is either thrown away or possibly to mail to the user (if that is configured).

Best to redirect the job to a file then open a terminal to read the file as it is written as in:

#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello World">/home/myname/script1.sh.out 2>&1

which will send the output and errors to a file. Better would be to send the whole script output to a file if multiple commands as in:

#!/bin/bash
exec >/home/myname/script1.sh.out 2>&1
echo "Hello World"

or do it in the crontab as in:

* * * * * /etc/cron.hourly/script1.sh>/home/myname/script1.sh.out 2>&1

From a terminal, you can run "tail" to display the output as it occurs:

tail -f /home/myname/script1.sh.out


Problems on adding Actions in .desktop file

These are actually two questions, but here we go:

In a .desktop file, usually, combining Terminal=false and Terminal=true is not working out well. Most of the time, only one works well, the one in the "main" command.  Alternatively, set for the command:

Exec=gnome-terminal -e <command>

In this case:

Exec=gnome-terminal -e blender

For your second issue, adding right-click option to the icon on your desktop: I do not have a Blender- specific solution, but you can create a small script:

#!/bin/bash
gnome-terminal -e blender

Save it as Blender_wterminal (no extension) in

~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts

Create the directory if it does not exist yet. Make the script executable. Subsequently, you might have to log out/in.

Then, on right- click on any icon on your desktop, choose scripts > Blender_wterminal will open Blender in the terminal.


apache2 is a metapackage that just selects other packages. If you installed apache by installing that package, you just need to run this to clean up the automatically selected packages:

sudo apt autoremove

If that doesn't work, you might have installed one of the dependents manually. You can target all the apache2- packages from space and nuke the lot:

sudo apt remove apache2.*

For future reference, to find out which package a binary is from, you can run this:

dpkg -S `which apache2`

I'd expect that to come back with apache2.2-bin (at the time of writing).


How can ubuntu recognize a barcode reader?

First you need to make sure that you pass the usb port to the Virtual Machine. In Virtual Box, in the Device menu, under usb submenu make sure that the barcode appears and is checked.

If the device is grayed and you can't select it, please see this question.

Now the barcode should appear in the lsusb command. The easiest way to use it under Ubuntu is to put it in keyboard emulation, it's usually the default working configuration for a barcode reader but you can change it scanning a device dependent barcode (check the device manual).


Make sure you unmount the card using sudo umount /dev/mmcblk0, and you can write the image file to /dev/mmcxxxx just like you would a using /dev/sdx


Custom boot option for installer does not show up in UEFI mode

Writing this question out like that made the suggested "Similar Questions" suddenly help a lot.
For anybody with the same problem:

Edit boot/grub/grub.cfg to contain the same entry as you have in isolinux/isolinux.cfg but use different syntax:

menuentry "Custom Install yey" {
    set gfxpayload=keep
    linux   /install/vmlinuz auto=true file=/cdrom/preseed/my.seed --
    initrd  /install/initrd
}

set gfxpayload=keep means it won't modify the choice of text vs video graphics.

Place any additional boot arguments on the line that starts with linux.

I have placed my custom entry at the top, right below the line that sets the timout. It has now automatically become the default option.


-llibsystemd doesn't look for libsystemd - it looks for liblibsystemd

As noted in man g++:

  -l library
       The linker searches a standard list of directories for the library,
       which is actually a file named liblibrary.a.  The linker then uses
       this file as if it had been specified precisely by name.

So, you want -lsystemd

echo "int main(){}" | gcc -x c++ -Wl,--no-as-needed -lsystemd - && ldd a.out | grep libsystemd


How can I batch replace one string at start of filename with string from end of filename?

It's a little over the top but it works here:

$ rename 's/^Karaoke (.+) - (.+) - \w{11}\.mp4$/$2 - $1.mp4/' * -vn
Karaoke banana - cher - 12345678901.mp4 renamed as cher - banana.mp4

You'll need to knock the -n off the end to make it actually rename files. I've left the safety on.

What we're doing here is finding any files that match this pattern, capturing the artist and track from within that pattern and then replacing the whole thing with those two groups (and some formatting and the extension).

I can't predict what it would do if you had artists with - in their names. Probably nothing good, but single dashes (without the spaces) should be fine.


Linux systems come with a bunch of virtual terminals, or VTs. Your graphical user interface on Ubuntu runs on VT7, and VT1 to VT6 allow you to login via command line.
You switched to VT3. Press Ctrl+Alt+F7 to get back.

From 17.10 onwards VT1 is used for the display manager ("login screen"), the standard X session uses VT2. Hence we have VT3 as the first usable VT.
Also see Why is my GDM at a different TTY than my desktop environment? for more about the origin of this change.


Update-notifier-common & flashplugin-installer errors

Had the same problem and since i have installed alternative python version(3.6), and default version was(3.5),
my solution was to update-alternatives --config python3 to previous version just for the update .

hope it will help for others if they oncounter same problem.


How to get back lost "Root CA certificates" & "Gnome 2 Key storage" after accidentally deleting file?

I had the same issue after updating to 16.04

After removing the file ~/.local/share/keyrings/user.keystore the Gnome2 Key Storage that had an unknown password on it was no longer available. I had a hard time getting it to recreate itself as many people suggested would happen.

This morning I verified that the file was missing and the ability to import keys was non functional. I rebooted the computer and the Gnome2 Key Storage has rebuilt itself.

While in "Passwords & Keys" I clicked on the unlock button and presented with the password prompt that has been having issues. I entered my logon password and it presented me with a failed message. After closing out the window I noticed that the folder was now unlocked. I imported a key, locked the folder, and the unlocked it on the first try with my logon password.

I’m running 16.04 with full disk encryption. This was upgraded from 14.04, however the upgrade process had some bugs.

In short:

Verify that you have the latest updates for Ubuntu 16.04 before proceding

rm ~/.local/share/keyrings/user.keystore
Verify that Gnome2 Key Storage is no longer available
Restart Ubuntu
In "Passwords and Keys" check to see if Gnome2 Key Storage is available
If Gnome2 Key Storage is available, attempt to login with users logon password; if Gnome2 Key Storage is not available, restart a second time
if the password fails close out of the password prompt and check to see if it has been unlocked anyway, if it has been upload your certificate and verify lock and unlock functionality.

I have not had a chance to replicate the issue again and follow these steps on my own after I got this working again.


So in the end the problem was that there was too much traffic on the network caused by a badly configured printer. The overload of packets and the adress of the printer was detected by "tcpdump" command.

I understand that in the end the problem was neither due to ubuntu nor linux. But still, if one detects some high CPU usage from network-manager on a shared network (again it appears as avahi task on "top") it can be because of a problem of traffic on the network.


Installing Ubuntu Server 15.04 on Mac Mini with Ubuntu Desktop Installed

Core Solo is a 32 bit processor. You need to download the file ubuntu-15.04-server-i386.iso and burn to a DVD. This would be the 32-bit PC (i386) server install image. The file is 625 MB in size so a CD might work.

(Of course, by the time you read this post, you will have already figured this out.)


While Installing gstreamer-sdk-dev... i got this.... please help...?

freedesktop.org was down for a while last night. However you should never ever use the "gstreamer-sdk", or anything from gstreamer.com at this point.

It's a project created by two companies that is unrelated to the GStreamer project, and nowadays provides completely outdated versions (with an older API) of GStreamer and as a result is full of bugs.

Get the latest packages from your Ubuntu, they're going to be newer unless you use an Ubuntu release from 2013. And use GStreamer 1.x, not the outdated 0.10 version.


It's not necessary to compile sagemath from source because sagemath is in the default repositories of Ubuntu 20.04. To install SageMath in Ubuntu 18.04 and later open the terminal and type:
sudo apt install sagemath

If you install SageMath with the above command it will be updated when a software update to the sagemath package becomes available. SageMath is a viable free open source alternative to Magma, Maple, Mathematica and Matlab.


getting rid of the Ubuntu-desktop package

I think that removing the following packages should get rid of what you are talking about.

However, be sure to review the changes to be made before you type "Y" to accept the changes so that you don't remove some packages that you want to keep. This shouldn't be an issue here but it is always good practice to review all changes.

You can run the following commands to remove gnome-shell and the wallpapers:

sudo apt remove gnome-shell ubuntu-wallpapers* gnome-shell-common gdm3
sudo apt autoremove

When prompted, select "lightdm" as your display manager by using the arrow keys and then press enter.

This should be enough to remove the ubuntu-desktop and other related packages as they all depend on these packages.

As far as your Wayland issue is concerned. I'm not quite sure what you are talking about because you didn't go into specifics but according to this post, your mate desktop does depend on libwaland so you might want to be careful removing Wayland packages.

You may be able to remove xwayland but I would be careful and again make sure to review any changes before you accept the changes to be made.

You can always press CTRL+C to exit out of a command if you don't want to accept the changes.

Additionally:

To list available packages, you can use a command like this example:

apt-cache search wayland | grep wayland

To list installed packages, you can use a command like this example:

dpkg -l | grep wayland

To list all the packages that depend on a certain package, you can use a command like in this example:

apt-cache show ubuntu-desktop | grep -i depends

or

apt-cache show ubuntu-mate-desktop | grep -i depends

Just remember that these dependencies all have dependencies of their own.


/can you install ubuntu to hdd but it runs completely from ram while hdd is not spinning?

See: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1594694

It is a lengthy how-to on the forums ;)

It will use the hard disk (or flash drive) if you wish to save your data between boots.


The easiest way to get the fix is to use the xorg edgers PPA:

https://launchpad.net/~xorg-edgers/+archive/ppa

The PPA is built for testing and for fixing obscure bugs with certain releases. It currently has xorg version 2:1.9.2.901+git20101129 and you may be looking for 902 instead of 901, but try it because it'll get you most of the way there and it's likely it'll be updated anyway.

What ever you do, don't compile yourself. If you feel the urge to DIY, please build some deb packages for yourself instead. More details here:

https://edge.launchpad.net/~xorg-edgers


Will "Eliminate ubuntu and re-install it" eliminate all my personal information?

If, when you installed 13.10, you elected to have everything in one partition, then yes, it will erase your home folder.  The only way your home folder would be safe would be if you have your home folder in its own separate partition.


How do i export a database in ubuntu to specified location using terminal

cd /media/mount/d
mysqldump -u {user} -p {database} > {database}.sql

and all you need to supply is the password for {user}.


deviceQuery for CUDA 7.5 fails without sudo

When I build i had to do:

sudo make -j4

Otherwise some errors pop out, then I had same problem.

Change permissions from inside samples folder:

sudo chmod 755 -Rf *
sudo chown nobody:nogroup -Rf

Hope its not to layman way tho :D


This can happen for 2 reasons

Another program(like software centrum) is checking for updates
Somehow you interrupted aptitude while it was busy(ctrl + c, or powerloss etc)

If you are sure you nothing else is running aptitude(ps -e | grep -e apt -e adept | grep -v grep), delete the lockfile

sudo rm -rf /var/cache/apt/archives/lock


How do I check how many times the root-file system can be mounted before it is auto checked?

If your root file system is ext4, you can use tune2fs to check (and also to modify) how many times it can be mounted before it is autochecked. See man tune2fs,

 -l     List the contents of the filesystem superblock, including the
        current values of the parameters that can be set via this program.

Using my root file system as an example:

sudo tune2fs -l /dev/sda1

or more focused

$ LANG=C sudo tune2fs -l /dev/sda1|grep -A4 'Mount count:'
[sudo] password for sudodus:
Mount count:              30
Maximum mount count:      40
Last checked:             Tue Dec 25 05:50:43 2018
Check interval:           2592000 (1 month)
Next check after:         Thu Jan 24 05:50:43 2019

You can have both a number of mount criterion and a time criterion, and (during boot) when the first criterion is satisfied, there will be a check.

Please notice that in many new versions (of tune2fs and of linux file systems), mount-count-dependent checking is disabled by default to avoid unanticipated long reboots while e2fsck does its work.

   -c max-mount-counts
          Adjust the number of mounts after which the filesystem will be checked by
          e2fsck(8).  If max-mount-counts is 0 or  -1,  the  number  of  times  the
          filesystem is mounted will be disregarded by e2fsck(8) and the kernel.

          Staggering  the  mount-counts  at  which filesystems are forcibly checked
          will avoid all filesystems being checked at one time when using journaled
          filesystems.

          Mount-count-dependent  checking is disabled by default to avoid unantici‐
          pated long reboots while e2fsck does its work.  However, you may wish  to
          consider  the  consequences  of  disabling mount-count-dependent checking
          entirely.  Bad disk drives, cables, memory, and  kernel  bugs  could  all
          corrupt  a  filesystem  without marking the filesystem dirty or in error.
          If you are using journaling on  your  filesystem,  your  filesystem  will
          never  be marked dirty, so it will not normally be checked.  A filesystem
          error detected by the kernel will still force an fsck on the next reboot,
          but it may already be too late to prevent data loss at that point.

          See also the -i option for time-dependent checking.


You may need to activate property drivers (probably for the graphics card)  install Additional Drivers from Ubuntu software center and then activate the recommended driver.


How can i access my encrypted hard drive on another pc?

You don't have cryptsetup installed on your second computer, install it via: sudo apt-get install cryptsetup

Once you've installed it, double click on the encrypted volume again and it should mount for you.

[Edit]
The error from your mount command mount: unknown filesystem type 'LVM2_member' tells us that it's an LVM group, and needs to be mounted slightly differently.

Hopefully the following will provide the information you need to get it mounted, based upon my system.

$ sudo pvs
PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
/dev/sda2  ubuntu lvm2 a--  99.51g    0

This tells us that the volume, ubuntu is on the physical volume /dev/sda2. We then need to use the lvdisplay command to list the logical volumes in the group.

$ sudo lvdisplay /dev/ubuntu
--- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ubuntu/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                ubuntu

<snip>

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ubuntu/home
  LV Name                home
  VG Name                ubuntu

<snip>

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ubuntu/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                ubuntu

<snip>

From the above we can see that I've got a home, root and swap. To mount the home partition from this group I would run the following command:

$ mount /dev/ubuntu/home /mnt/disk

If you're unsure how to modify this to suit your needs, edit your question again with the output of the pvs and lvdisplay commands. You might want to take a look at Formatting Help as well.


How do I move the Launcher to the bottom?

Run in a terminal

gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher launcher-position Bottom

After it moves to bottom you may need to r. click on the Desktop > Organize Desktop by Name to move any Desktop icons off of the launcher (if any..

To go back to orig replace Bottom with Left in command


Here's the default Xubuntu setup:

light-locker is set to autostart because it must be running in the background to work
Keyboard shortcuts for Ctrl+Alt+Del and Ctrl+Alt+L are configured that call xflock4
xflock4 calls light-locker to lock the screen

If you run xflock4 in a terminal and nothing happens, odds are light-locker isn't running. The solution more or less is to restore the default settings:

Remove light-locker-settings package. It's not necessary because screen lock settings are handled by Xfce Power Manager (as you can see in the screenshot you posted)

sudo apt remove light-locker-settings

Make sure essential packages are installed (just to be safe)

sudo apt install light-locker xfce4-power-manager xfce4-session

Reset light-locker settings

sudo dpkg-reconfigure light-locker

Remove any autostart overrides

rm ~/.config/autostart/light-locker.desktop

(This can be removed because the light-locker package installs a default autostart file here: /etc/xdg/autostart/light-locker.desktop)
Reset the LockCommand setting in case it's been overrriden

xfconf-query -c xfce4-session -p /general/LockCommand -r

(xflock4 is just a shell script that will first look at LockCommand to see what command to run, falling back to light-locker if it isn't set)
Reset keyboard shortcuts

If you're not worried about losing any other custom keyboard shortcuts, you can just reset them all to default:

xfconf-query -c xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts -p / -rR

Otherwise, these are the specific keyboard shortcuts Xubuntu sets by default for screen locking:

xfconf-query -c xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts -p "/commands/custom/<Primary><Alt>Delete" -s "xflock4" -n -t string
xfconf-query -c xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts -p "/commands/custom/<Primary><Alt>l" -s "xflock4" -n -t string
xfconf-query -c xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts -p "/commands/default/<Primary><Alt>Delete" -s "xflock4" -n -t string
xfconf-query -c xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts -p "/commands/default/<Primary><Alt>l" -s "xflock4" -n -t string

Log out and log back in. This will make sure light-locker autostart is working and also may be necessary for the keyboard shortcuts to refresh.
Make sure light-locker is running

$ ps -e | grep light-locker
 1869 ?        00:00:00 light-locker

Make sure xflock4 locks the screen

xflock4

Make sure the keyboard shortcuts to lock the screen work

Ctrl+Alt+Del
Ctrl+Alt+L

Lastly, if you want the screen to automatically lock after a certain time

Open the menu > Settings > Power Manager > Security
Automatically lock the session > When the screensaver is activated
If you want to have a real screensaver, you'll need to install and configure xscreensaver or gnome-screensaver. Otherwise if you're okay with a blank screen, go to the Display tab in Power Manager and adjust the times as desired


You can echo the line in to the bottom of the current users crontab like this:

#!/bin/bash

line="* * * * * /path/to/command"
(crontab -u userhere -l; echo "$line" ) | crontab -u userhere -


Restore previous state of apps after powering on Ubuntu system

It is called "session management"

Could I have it on ubuntu?

Not in a default desktop
But you can use the Linux window session manager or Gnome Window Session Manager extension for gnome for this. You will get an indicator on the Gnome Shell top bar where you can save and restore a session. Installation from the 2nd link (1st one has a similar setup):

setup

Make sure you have nodejs installed (e.g. execute node -v and if there is no output install it).

Install lwsm via npm: npm install -g linux-window-session-manager (on some systems you might want to use sudo)

Download or clone repository and move all files to /home/your-user-name/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/lwsm@johannes.super-productivity.com

In some cases - especially when you're using nvm, you might need to configure the path to your lwsm installation (which you can find out via which lwsm after a successful installation) extension via gnome-shell-extension-prefs.

Installation after setup is done:

cd tmp
git clone git@github.com:johannesjo/gnome-shell-extension-window-session-manager.git
mv gnome-shell-extension-window-session-manager ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/lwsm@johannes.super-pro


Unable to access password protected folder on Windows share

Windows and Ubuntu have completely different security architectures (Ubuntu being the more secure one) so it just refuses to open the folder (=directory).

The correct way of doing this under Ubuntu is to give permissions on that directory to a group and have you as a member of that group and then you will be able to open this.

As this is a Windows share, you need to read up on the NTFS permissions here and synchronise both Ubuntu and Windows users using the advanced options of the ntfs-3g driver.


Unpleasant headphone noise on ubuntu 18.04

I had the same problem and reinstalling pulseaudio helped me, but not completely, i hear this sound in headphones once on system startup.
My sound card info from lshw:
*-multimedia:1
             description: Audio device
             product: 8 Series HD Audio Controller
             vendor: Intel Corporation
             physical id: 1b
             bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0
             version: 04
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0
             resources: irq:51 memory:c3614000-c3617fff

From alsamixer: Card: HDA Intel PCH, Chip: Conexant CX20751/2
Pulseaudio version 11.1


pulseaudio is producing errors in syslog

This problem is solved. The solution was to add my username to the pulse-access group:

sudo adduser [user] pulse-access


how to install kde connect on ubuntu 12.04?

This is now packaged as an indicator for 14.04, named kdeconnect.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:vikoadi/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install kdeconnect indicator-kdeconnect

http://vikoadi.blogspot.co.uk/2014/11/kde-connect-indicator.html


Can I make centered desktop notifications?

Edit

After some research , I have found a gnome-osd package, which by the way uses python, and installed simply with sudo apt-get install gnome-osd.

The properties , such as text location can be configured with gnome-osd-properties tool.  Sending messages is the same syntax as notify-send. The notifications are non-obtrusive. I've tested that with command sleep 10; gnome-osd-client "This is a test message" and switched on working in firefox until the text came up; I was still able to write in firefox even when notification was drawn on the screen.

Bellow you can see the example with test message:

Another alternative is to use osdsh , which works pretty much the same, launch the daemon with osdsh , configured with osdshconfig and send message with osdctl -s  "TEST STRING"

Original Post

notify-send doesn't specify options for location. Use zenity or xmessage

zenity gives centered popups by default. Example :

zenity --info --text "Hello world"

xmessage has to be configured according to -geometry flag specified in man page for X (man x). But you need to know size of your screen, which can be found with xrandr , xprop -root , or xwininfo -root. Example:

xmessage "Hello world" -geometry 250x250-130+100


The error you are getting indicates that ruby is not in the sudo $PATH. TO get around this, you either need to export your environment correctly:

sudo -E ruby

Or, just use the full path. Run type ruby as your regular user, and use that with sudo. For example:

$ type ruby
ruby is /usr/bin/ruby
$ sudo /usr/bin/ruby


Rebooted without updating Grub menu, can't boot into Ubuntu

Yes, you can boot your PC by LiveUSB or LiveCD and then:

sudo mkdir /media/target
sudo mount /dev/sda2 /media/target # mount root
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/target/boot # mount /boot
sudo mount -t proc proc /media/target/proc/ # mount /proc
sudo mount --rbind /sys /media/target/sys/ # recursively mount /sys
sudo mount --rbind /dev /media/target/dev/ # recursively mount /dev

sudo chroot /media/target

Then inside chroot run this command:

sudo update-grub


If i run compiz --replace, all border and button of the window disappear

I've had success in rebooting or logging out. You want to restart the x-server and load compiz as your window manager. Which version Ubuntu?


Noveau driver unstable, causes computer freeze

-if you can't boot normally or login successfully
 - boot why  holding the Shift key or repeatedly pressing Esc until you see the GRUB menu
select advanced options then recovery mode  wait. select resume normal boot then hit Enter
  your'll be using the fail safe graphics drivers

More black screen help

- collect infomation  -
In a terminal run

  $ lspci -k | grep -EA2 'GA|3D' && dpkg -l | grep nvidia

Save the output to a text document

-Step 1    -
Resetting the system to the default open source drivers.

Manually purge all previously installed  proprietary Nvidia drivers with this command

  $ sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove nvidia-* libcuda-*

This is mandatory if they where previously installed & has be done every time when switching proprietary drivers .

Reboot

-step 2 -
Installing the latest  proprietary  Nvidia drivers

  $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa

  $ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Automatically install the recommended driver like the  "additional drivers" system would

  $ ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

Done !

Reboot x2 all for changes to take affect

Then install nvidia-settings & reconfigure the Xorg servers settings

  $ sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings && sudo nvidia-xconfig -v

 troubleshooting -
Try rebooting again, some times  configuration files are missing or corrupted  & need to be created,  rebooting allows the new configuration to take place.

If the problem persists (installing the latest driver did not work)
do step  1  again.
then continue to installation Method 1 or Method 2

In you saved text document find.
ii  nvidia-(you numbers here) make a note of those numbers

Method 1: Downgrading
Downgrade the driver. I.E. UnUpdate it.

Use the links for tutorials on how to downgrade

downgrade with APT         &        downgrade Graphically

Last command should look something like

  $ sudo apt-get install nvidia-340=340.98-0ubuntu0

Reboot for changes to take affect

Selecting the recommended Nvidia driver in "additional drivers" afterwards
 will change the version & can cause problems

Method 2: manual choice
Manually choose an (older) driver version
check for driver versions that support you GPU
You can generate a list using-

simple list

  $ apt-cache search '^nvidia-[:digit]' --names-only

complete list

  $ apt-cache search '^nvidia-*'

install your Chosen version

  $ sudo apt-get install nvidia-(your chosen version  number) nvidia-settings

Note. no (brackets)

Then Reboot x2 for changes to take final affect

nvidia-settings is universal to all driver versions

The latest version of nvidia settings is 375. thats why it's installed,
if the the new nvidia-settings is a problem don't install it,    it just configures the graphics settings.

If it works ok then install nvidia-settings & reconfigure the Xorg servers settings

  $ sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings && sudo nvidia-xconfig -v

-Other-
When you find a stable driver run this command. then you will never have this problem again.

  $ sudo apt-mark hold nvidia-(your version  number)

That way upgrading the system won't update the Nvidia driver.

Help on package holding

So complicated ? you're not the only  One.

-information-
Physical graphics card information & current GPU driver in use

  $ lspci -k | grep -EA2 'GA|3D' && dpkg -l | grep nvidia

  $ ubuntu-drivers devices

Nvidia GPU's get legacy support  after 10 years

ii = installed, nouveau = open source, nvidia = proprietary.

   Google a lot & don't give up :)


dconf write word-char-exceptions not taking effect

The dconf approach no longer seems to work on ubuntu20 and maybe others. This worked for me:
UUID=$(gsettings get org.gnome.Terminal.ProfilesList default | tr -d \')
gsettings set org.gnome.Terminal.Legacy.Profile:/org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/:${UUID}/ word-char-exceptions '@ms "-/@_&.?"'


I had the same issue after a bunch of system updates. I fixed this by following the instructions here; https://bugzilla.redhat.com/attachment.cgi?id=1111264&action=diff
i.e. edit:

/usr/share/backuppc/lib/BackupPC/CGI/Browse.pm

change

if ( !defined($In{num}) && defined(@Backups) && @Backups > 0 ) {

to

if ( !defined($In{num}) && @Backups > 0 ) {

edit:

/usr/share/backuppc/lib/BackupPC/Xfer/Smb.pm

change

} elsif ( /^\s*tar: dumped \d+ files/ ) {

to

} elsif ( /^\s*tar: dumped \d+ files/
                || /Total bytes received: \d+/i
          ) {

and insert

|| /^tar:\d+/

between

} elsif ( /smb: \\>/

and

|| /^\s*added interface/i

to make

} elsif ( /smb: \\>/
|| /^tar:\d+/
|| /^\s*added interface/i

Now I'm getting errors in the logs that certain file and pathnames can't be converted to UTF-8 which I never had before.. but the backups are working at least.


You are running Ubuntu version 15.

Yes, you could muck around with logrotate and with script snippets as in the other answers.  But you are running Ubuntu version 15.  On your operating system services are run under systemd, which by default captures their standard error and syslog outputs and handles the logging.  There's no need for nginx to be writing to that error.log file in the first place.  There's no need for logrotate at all.

Other answers and the comments beneath them may cause you to look at /etc/init.d/nginx perhaps.  Don't.  That file is irrelevant.  You are running Ubuntu version 15.  The relevant file, as provided right out of the box in the Ubuntu nginx-common package, is /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service which is what systemd will be using, completely ignoring the old /etc/init.d/nginx file which is entirely overridden by a proper systemd service unit file.

Other answers might lead you to look at /etc/logrotate.d/nginx as well.  You might be mystified by the contradiction between what you can clearly see there, trying to run the old System 5 rc script with a non-standard invoke-rc.d subcommand, and the claim that there's no postrotate stanza.  But again, simply don't.  Don't focus on these logrotate control stanzas in the first place.  You are running Ubuntu version 15 with a package that has a system unit already and isn't using System 5 rc scripts on your operating system, and a service manager that logs service output.

Two steps to doing things the systemd way:

Configure nginx more appropriately.

Your nginx service needs to be told to simply write its log to its standard error.  As a bonus, you can send your access log to the journal via syslog, which systemd also intercepts.

This is done with nginx global configuration directives and http module directives.  Specifically:

error_log stderr ;
access_log syslog:server=unix:/dev/log ;

You either change your nginx.conf file to say these as this person did, or do what Alexander Kuznecov did here and change your nginx.service unit file to pass (global) directives on the nginx command line: Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/bin/nginx -g 'daemon on; error_log stderr; master_process on;'

Forget about logrotate entirely.

systemd puts the standard output and standard error of all services into its journal.  It handles the rotation of the journal files itself.  There are no signals and no nginx service reloading involved at all.  You can read the last few entries in the journal that are related to the service with (run as the superuser or as an adm user)systemctl status nginx.service  You can read everything in the log from that service since the last boot withjournalctl -u nginx.service -b


12.04 Ubuntu - Sharing Wireless Internet Connection with Freesat through ethernet!

From http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=157&t=102779&start=0

I just spent the better part of the day getting Internet Connection Sharing via Network Manager to work on Maya. The problem is that my installation didn't have a /etc/resolv.conf. If you're connecting via DHCP, you don't need one, but apparently Network Manager's Internet Connection Sharing does.

So do "sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf" and (assume you get a blank file) enter in this, replacing the bracketed items of course:

domain [YourDomain]
nameserver [YourPrimaryNameserver]
nameserver [YourSecondaryNameserver]

You can get the primary and secondary nameserver IPs by right-clicking on Network Manager and selecting "Connection Information" and making sure you're on the tab for your Internet connected network device.

As soon as I made my resolv.conf and rebooted, the device I was sharing found the Internet with no problem as all.


Dash on Ubuntu 14.10 is slow on my Dell Studio 1558

you can disable few results that you dont need much:

install Unity Tweak Tool

launch it. and open Search

disable 'background blur'
uncheck 'search online sources'
uncheck 'show "more suggestions"'
uncheck 'show "recently used" applications'
uncheck "enable search of your files" => this is must for more apparent speed up

you can skip any of these if you want.

if this does not works you can try light desktop environments like KDE and XFCE. you can install this from software center. install them and log out and select the session and login again.


How to troubleshoot force-enabling multi-process support with Firefox?

The Ubuntu Modifications add-on is blocking multiprocess windows:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubufox/+bug/1627290

To disable it: In about:addons click on the Extensions category, find the Ubuntu Modifications add-on and click its Disable button. Restart Firefox and then go to about:support. The status of Multiprocess Windows should now read "1/1 (Enabled by user)".


How to update PyCharm 3.4 to 4 in Ubuntu 14.04

I recently updated from 4.0.1 to 4.0.4, which I had installed in /usr/local/bin/ (I'm new to Linux, so I'm not sure if this is the best location).  Essentially I moved the tarball there, unpacked it, deleted the old directory, realized the script was still pointed at the old (now nonexistent) version, and edited the script to point at the new version.  It went like this (adapted from official installation instructions):

sudo mv ~/Downloads/pycharm-community-4.0.4.tar.gz /usr/local/bin/
cd /usr/local/bin/
tar xfz pycharm-community-4.0.4.tar.gz
sudo rm pycharm-community-4.0.4.tar.gz
sudo rm -r pycharm-community-4.0.1
cd pycharm-community-4.0.4/bin/
sudo bash pycharm.sh

PyCharm launched, so I assumed I was good.  I then tried to launch PyCharm as I usually would, and got the following error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/charm", line 96, in <module>
    os.execv(RUN_PATH, [bin_file] + args)
OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory

Oops; I assumed the charm script to which the PATH points (in /usr/local/bin/) would be updated by the bash pycharm.sh line; I was wrong.  No worries, it's easy enough to do yourself.

cd /usr/local/bin/
sudo nano charm

The first line after the import statements defines the RUN_PATH; you'll want to change this to point to the new directory (i.e., 4.0.1 to 4.0.4 for me).  Once I did that, it worked like a charm.

My guess is that if I had removed this file before running the script in the new version's bin folder, it would've created a new script from scratch.  This is probably a better practice, as the script itself may be changed more meaningfully than the RUN_PATH definition.

TL;DR: You'll need to delete the old directory and launch script, unpack the new directory, and run the launch script from inside the unpacked directory.

sudo mv ~/Downloads/pycharm-community-4.0.4.tar.gz path/to/install/
cd path/to/install/
tar xfz pycharm-community-4.0.4.tar.gz
sudo rm pycharm-community-4.0.4.tar.gz
sudo rm -r pycharm-community-<old version>
sudo rm charm
cd pycharm-community-4.0.4/bin/
sudo bash pycharm.sh


What's not very clear here is that you can't have a file and a directory with the same name. Also, since you mention uncompressing rar files, one could think that you want to remove the directory named after the rar file. This is strange because, why would you want to delete it after you uncompressed it?

Based on my poor understanding of the problem (which may improve if you clarify or, better yet, provide an example), this may work:

for i in *rar; do
    (cd uncompressed && rm -rf $i)
done

so if you have something like

./file1.rar
./file2.rar
./file3.rar
./uncompressed/file1.rar/...
./uncompressed/file2.rar/...
./uncompressed/file3.rar/...

the mini-script I posted should delete all the file*.rar/ subdirectories under uncompressed.


Deluge losing track of .torrent after reboot in ubuntu 14.04

The answer is fairly straightforward:

Add the NTFS mount to fstab so it is auto-mounted on boot.
Setup the Deluge daemon to use an Upstart script. This will wait for the filesystems in fstab to mount before starting deluged on boot.
Start Deluge and if deluged is running it should ask you to switch to thinclient mode and you'll be able to connect it.

Note: In the Upstart guide, use your local user instead of creating a new one.


Flash content on Chrome correctly asks me to enable it but then asks me to right click to run it which does nothing

Went back to X from Wayland and BAM! Firefox is fixed. Unfortunately Chrome and Chromium aren't fixed.