PiTiVi is correct in that a new version is available, but it fails to tell you that it's not available from the package management system. The latest version on Ubuntu is 0.93 (for 15.04). For a newer version, you'd have to install from source, or download an all-in-one precompiled bundle. I couldn't find any PPAs with the latest version.


How do I determine what's causing my Terminology terminal startup lag?

Check any RC files that are loaded. In bash this is .bashrc or similar, so I guess look for .fishrc or similar. Any of those that contain expensive commands is likely the culprit.


E: Package 'honeyd' has no installation candidate

Honeyd is a bit dated, but it should still work...to build it, all you have to do is run:

sudo apt-get install build-essential
wget http://www.honeyd.org/uploads/honeyd-1.5c.tar.gz && tar -xjf honeyd-1.5c.tar.gz
cd honeyd-1.5c
./configure --prefix=/opt/honeyd
make
sudo make install

Running honeyd seems to work in my copy of Ubuntu 12.04, and should work in 14.04.


If the driver is installed and is ok, it is just to do

$ xrandr --output HDMI1

Note that HDMI1 may be a different name for your system. To enable sound, install pavucontrol

$ sudo apt-get install pavucontrol

and choose the appropriate output in the 'Configuration' tab.


Open Arena Game Crash Upon Setting Up Game

Try to download Open Arena from their site http://www.openarena.ws/download.php?view.4
Unzip file and run openarena.x86_64
Downloaded version (0.8.8) works fine on my computer, while open arena from ubuntu repository have same bug.


"Awebrowser" Pop Up Is Blocking My Internet Access With Ubuntu

This would indicate, that either there is no sensible webbrowser installed at all, or that the standard browser is set to nonexisting program named ... awebrowser (never heard of it).

See in the software center if firefor or chromium ist installed, install it if needed (Firefox should be the dafault webbrowser in ubuntu)

If the problem persists, run sudo update-alternatives x-www-browser /usr/bin/firefox in a terminal, this registers firefox as the daefault web browser for your system.


LibreOffice has the memory option that controls how much system memory and in what manner will it be used in operating LibreOffice.

Since the default memory limits the usage, LibreOffice does not utilize the system memory at fullest, even if it is available.

To access the memory option, go to the top menu and then go to tools-----options.

In here, choose the Memory option from left hand side. You will see several options in the right panel for increasing memory allocations.

When you have applied these changes successfully, you will feel that LibreOffice opens quickly and runs faster.


What is the difference between these 2 iptable rules?

NEW is the state when the connection is first made.  It is common to ACCEPT all ESTABLISHED,RELATED connections early in the iptables rules to reduce the processing load.  Subsequent rules determine what NEW connections are allowed based on port number, etc.
For the two rules above, the first will allow all traffic in on port 80, while the second will only allow the initial handshake.  If the default rule was to DROP packets the second rule alone would be insufficient to allow communications on port 80.


Can I have android on the phone but Ubuntu on the computer when it is plugged in?

Currently - not. There were plans to do so, but Canonical is still waiting for a partner to realize that project. You can see its site: http://www.ubuntu.com/phone/ubuntu-for-android


Wifi device fails, requiring reboot to go online again on NUC

There are a couple of steps I suggest. First, I notice this in the pastebin:

  Hardware name:                  /D54250WYK, BIOS
  WYLPT10H.86A.0021.2013.1017.1606 10/17/2013

There is an updated BIOS available here: https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/24881/BIOS-Update-WYLPT10H-86A- I suggest you update it.

Second, I notice this:

[ 4952.966651] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
[ 4952.977497] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated:
[ 4952.977501] cfg80211:  DFS Master region: unset

I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2  Set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit. Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=XX

Of course, substitute your country code for XX. Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

After these steps, reboot. If the symptoms persist, give us an updated pastebin and I'll edit my answer to propose more steps.


How to access hotspot created on Linux(Ubuntu/ Mint)from android device?

Android does not support by default ad-hoc wifi network. For that to work, you need to install some third party app/utility that require most of the time that the android device is rooted.

So another option is to create a (software) AP (Access Point) on Ubuntu. But for that you need that your wifi card support it at the driver level. And few card support that. Check that with

$ sudo iw list
[...]
Supported interface modes:
         * IBSS
         * managed
         * AP
         * AP/VLAN
         * WDS
         * monitor
         * mesh point

You need the * AP line

Also if your card is not compatible with nl80211, the above command will output nothing. I don't know how to check the AP support in that case.

If your card support AP mode, then you can use https://github.com/oblique/create_ap which is a simple script that wrap around hostapd, iptables, ... and do the dirty work for you.

Install the dep:

sudo apt-get install hostapd iptables iw git

then run create_ap

git clone https://github.com/oblique/create_ap
cd create_ap
sudo iw dev wlan0 disconnect
sudo ./create_ap -c 3 -w 2 wlan0 eth0 MyWifiAP mywifiappassword


Displaying output of arbitrary command on Unity panel

The program Indicator-Sysmonitor for Unity fulfills this purpose, and is basically the replacement for COMPA in Unity. Below is a link to get it to act like a netspeed-like panel applet, completely configurable by modifying the script supplied in the article:
http://www.webupd8.org/2011/05/how-to-display-network-upload-download.html


Possible to configure (Squid) proxy so a browser can bypass a VPN?

I think that the best would be to change nothing to your current setup but to take advantage of Linux namespaces instead. You can use tools like nsjail or Firejail for convenience.
The idea would be to set up a dedicated namespace for that other browser that should bypass the VPN, with its own routing rules. That's all you need, change the routing rules so that it uses your regular Ethernet interface rather than the tun interface created by OpenVPN.
The other benefit is isolation of your applications. By limiting their scope and the resources they are able to see, you effectively isolate them from each other.
Using Firejail here is how I would do it roughly - I encourage you to read the doc to fine-tune the configuration to the desired result. Firejail comes with ready to use profiles for common applications so it can immediately start sandboxing your browsers and other applications.
There is a also GUI configuration tool (firetools) but my suggestion would be to try Firejail with just one application instead of reconfiguring your whole environment.
Here is a PoC using Python (assuming you have the netifaces package installed).

firejail --net=enp4s0 --noprofile python3

>>> import netifaces
>>> netifaces.interfaces()
['lo', 'eth0-11182']

As you can see, Python sees only one interface (in addition to the loopback interface). eth0-11182 is of course a virtual interface that exists only within the current namespace.
Suggested reading: Firefox Sandboxing Guide


The command you ran would tell you the # of files containing RunId in the name in the current directory, say I wanted to do that in subdirectories as well I could do:

find . -type f -iname "*RunId*" | wc -l

or

find . -type f -exec basename | grep -c "RunId"

Edit based on further explanation of question:
If there are multiple files containing RunId## in their name you could get the counts of each by

find . -iname "*RunId*" | grep -o -E "RunId[0-9]*" | sort | uniq -c | sort --stable -n -r


Can't find a way to set the brightness via the terminal

It will on the Dell XPS work with the tool light.

You need to compile the software. It is very easy, but you may need to install the developpertools and git before:

sudo apt install build-essential git

Then you can proceed to downloading and compiling the code. First clone the source code of light. Alternatively, you can download the source as a zip file and extract that on your local drive. Here, we use git:

git clone https://github.com/haikarainen/light.git

Change current directory to the downloaded folder, compile and install:

cd light
make
sudo make install

Assign following commands to hotkeys to increase or decrease brightness

light -A 5 # increase screen brightness
light -U 5 # decrease screen brightness

You may need to install


Xubuntu 14.04 - Closing lid doesn't immediately trigger xscreensaver

See if you have logind-handle-lid-switch set to true:

$ xfconf-query -vl -c xfce4-power-manager
/xfce4-power-manager/lock-screen-suspend-hibernate  true
/xfce4-power-manager/logind-handle-lid-switch       true

You can get get to a GUI to set logind-handle-lid-switch by:

$ xfce4-settings-editor

I had the same issue until I did that.

On a sidenote:
I was not able to get suspend to work on my laptop with the open source driver.  I had to install fglrx-updates (the proprietary AMD graphics driver) to get suspend to work properly.  sad face

You can find proprietary video drivers with the Additional Drivers program.


Windows Missing from grub

To resolve the issue with Grub detecting Windows, you would have to install and update grub.  This can be done from the live CD.

Run these commands one by one:

1) sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt # (If your Linux were on a different partition substitute /sda1 for the partition of your Linux install.)
2) for i in /sys /proc /run /dev; do sudo mount --bind "$i" "/mnt/$i"; done
3) sudo chroot /mnt
4) update-grub
5) grub-install /dev/sda # (/dev/sda is the hard drive that has linux installed (i.e. /dev/sda or /dev/sdb ... etc.)
    update-grub

The sudo issue

There might be other problems, but you might first check the integrity of the /etc/sudoer file.  You can do this from the Live disk by first copying your current file to a backup file (sudoer.bak) and copying the distribution sudoer from the Live media to your hard drives sudoer file.

exiting out of the chroot with the command exit if you are still in it.  With your hard drive mounted as /mnt perform these steps:

$ cd /mnt/etc
$ sudo cp sudoer sudoer.bak
$ cp /etc/sudoer sudoer


The only way to turn probe requests off is to turn off your wireless antenna. If you turn it off somehow in the hardware then you wouldn't be able to associate to any wireless network.

For privacy you could use tools that change your mac address. This is a way to help stay anonymous and private.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AnonymizingNetworkMACAddresses


You need to create a partition for Ubuntu first. The simplest method is to use Disk Utility to resize the Mac OS X partition and leave the rest as 'Free Space'. When you run through the Ubuntu installer, it will then give you the option of installing alongside Mac OS X and will find the 'Free Space'.


Linux mail command not working like it used to

mail points to one of the alternatives.

ls -l /usr/bin/mail
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Jan  5  2011 /usr/bin/mail -> /etc/alternatives/mail

ls -l /etc/alternatives/mail
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Jan  5  2011 /etc/alternatives/mail -> /usr/bin/bsd-mailx

You were probably using another mail program in the past. Try to figure out which it was.

After you have installed the right package, then change the alternative like this:

sudo update-alternatives --config mail


Configuring a network interface and changing mac adress permanently

auto eth1

This tells Ubuntu to use DHCP for eth1.  What happens if you remove this line?

This link may also help:  http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-ubuntu-linux-convert-dhcp-network-configuration-to-static-ip-configuration.html


amdgpu_trace.h: No such file or directory When trying to build amdgpu

Edit amdgpu_trace.h file, and change the line:

#define TRACE_INCLUDE_PATH ../../drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu

to

#define TRACE_INCLUDE_PATH ../../../../../drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu


May be this will be help you....  :)

First install dconf-tools...

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

Then reset Unity and Compiz settings...

dconf reset -f /org/compiz/

And Restart Unity...

setsid unity

If this will not help then try this...

Edited Answer....

Once you are booted up to the desktop... press CTRL + ALT + F1

apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop
apt-get install unity
apt-get purge nvidia* bumblebee*
apt-get install nvidia-prime
shutdown -r now


Its unlikely to by due to the kernel but you can always choose the old one . As your machine boots up hold shift and you will get a menu. You can see what else was installed by using log-file viewer or opening /var/log/dpkg.log in a text editor.


Extracting pthread_atfork.o form libpthread.a and including the file pthrea_atfork.o in makefile made s2n work on ARM.


opening a file in terminal vim make the message press enter or enter command to appear

After a deeper research I find out that the problem was with some kind of files and not with the folder after all, the problem seems to be that I have the Ale plugin in vim and activated let g:ale_completion_enabled = 1 in my .vimrc, this makes the message to appear every time I open a file that Ale knows (js,php) but not with files it don't know.

I commented the line in .vimrc and everything is back to normal


Where should I put this line "source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm"?

Any scripts placed in the directory /etc/profile.d are sourced by all users when they start a shell.

I see a package ruby-rvm exists, but you would need to check what version it is and what configuration it sets up.


Ubuntu 18.04 systemd-resolved error NXDOMAIN

The shortest and simplest answer is this:
These 'errors' in your syslog are generated as a result of the workaround identified in DVE-2018-0001, indicating that the system is attempting to mitigate further cases of DVE-2018-0001 violations by retrying the same request without EDNS extensions.  This does not indicate an error you yourself can fix, nor does it mean there's anything to fix in this case.
It simply indicates that the systemd-resolved service is attempting to retry the same query to try and prevent further issues of DVE-2018-0001 which can be caused by captive portals not supporting EDNS0 extensions.
There is no further action needed by you in this case, this is more 'informational' information provided to the syslog by systemd-resolved.
However... if you want to know a little more about what exactly is going on here, then read on further, I provide a summary of this and some example data to show you exactly what's going on behind the scenes of these messages.

The Details (if you care to read them):
The error you are seeing is not actually an error message you have to act upon, and the statement of "Server returned error" is misleading.  Rather, this is a notice that we're following a workaround defined in DNS Violation DVE-2018-0001.
This is an example of the log itself from my computer here:
Feb  5 13:29:17 overlord systemd-resolved[857]: Server returned error NXDOMAIN, mitigating potential DNS violation DVE-2018-0001, retrying transaction with reduced feature level UDP.

Per DVE-2018-0001, it was discovered that, in Ubuntu 17.10 and later:

When trying to connect and authorise with the captive portal at securelogin.arubanetworks.com, at some point it fails to resolve correctly and thus users are failing to pass captive portal authorisation and access internet.

Further, this goes on to explain the problem:

Originally this was reports on Ubuntu bug tracker at https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/systemd/+bug/1727237
This might be a bug in Ubuntu/systemd-resolved and/or securelogin.arubanetworks.com DNS spoofing/captivity and/or both.
From packet capture it appears that DNS query with EDNS0 DO (DNSSEC OK) bit set to zero, is responded to with NXDOMAIN.
Requests without EDNS0, are responded to with the correct portal IP address.

What this means is that there are certain responses going to the captive portals here that do not properly support EDNS0 queries; and that this needs to be adjusted by manufacturers.
The current workaround implemented in systemd-resolved within Ubuntu is what is generating the informational messages you see.  This is in conjunction with the proposed workaround in the DVE (bold text emphasis and plain-text formatting for command names and codes/responses are mine):

In systemd-resolved, when performing lookup of domain names with 'secure' in them, and receiving NXDOMAIN repsonse, retry again without EDNS0.

This therefore is what your messages are stating, but with a more broad coverage.  Namely, when a DNS request is filed and you get an NXDOMAIN response from the DNS lookup, we want to make sure that we aren't hitting this EDNS0 problem; therefore, systemd-resolved is attempting the DNS lookup again but without the EDNS0 extensions - we can see this in my Bind9 nameserver which handles all requests on my machine as well with an example (though this is a prime example of a non-domain being queried, and in turn a prime example of how this mitigation can show itself when the 'mitigation' is not actually going to solve the headache):
05-Feb-2019 13:29:17.976 queries: info: client @0x7f6cd400aee0 127.0.0.1#41213 (favicon.png): query: favicon.png IN A +E(0) (127.0.2.1)
05-Feb-2019 13:29:17.976 queries: info: client @0x7f6cd400aee0 127.0.0.1#41213 (favicon.png): query: favicon.png IN A + (127.0.2.1)

As you can see, instead of +E(0) the request is retried without that extension; this is the 'reduced feature level UDP' request behavior.


Try a small program called gtk-chtheme from synaptic or software centre, I use this on all desktops to quickly change my gtk theme and font...


Regarding installing Ubuntu on an empty drive

An installation of Ubuntu, like and installation of Windows, will only use what you specify during the installation.  During the installation you will have the option of selecting the drive/partition where you want to install.  The selected drive/partition will be the only part that will be affected.

When you install, you actually install on a partition.  During the install process you could select a drive (one of the default options) and allow Ubuntu to automatically partition the whole drive.

Before the default installation begin you will be advised that the drive will be changed accordingly.

Or you can use an alternate option and select where you want it installed.  Performing option, you will be given the same warning/advice that changes will be made to that partition.

Ubuntu can use a Windows formatted drive/partition for reading, writing, and storing data.  However, Windows can't access a Linux partition.  While Linux can read and write to a Windows drive, you would loose some significant functionality that comes with Linux formatted drive, such as, fragmentation and limited access modes.

With Linux (just like Windows) you would have to have a boot manager (you would have to specify a boot drive).  This is a reserved space on the drive for performing the boot.  Ubuntu's default boot manage is Grub.  The Grub boot manager will work for both Windows and Linux.  It will be installed by default on the drive you select for the booting drive.  Installing the boot manager doesn't effect the data on any of the drives.


I tried with sudo umount.ecryptfs /tmp/ecryptfs.xyz and it works.

You might have the following message :
Could not unlink the key(s) from your keying. Please use 'keyctl unlink' if you wish to remove the key(s). Proceeding with umount.

You can do sudo keyctl clear @u to clear the keys.


Setting up multiple cores for apache solr for Ubuntu 12.04 and Drupal 7

The guide in OP is a quick start quide and does not touch on multi-core configuration.

There is an official guide in solr site: http://wiki.apache.org/solr/CoreAdmin

It is very long. I will quote the initial setup portion.

Partial Quote

Configuration

To enable support for dynamic SolrCore administration, place a file named solr.xml in the solr.home directory. Here is an example solr.xml file:

<solr persistent="true" sharedLib="lib">
 <cores adminPath="/admin/cores">
  <core name="core0" instanceDir="core0" />
  <core name="core1" instanceDir="core1" />
 </cores>
</solr>

You can also specify properties in solr.xml which can be used in the solrconfig.xml and schema.xml files.

<solr persistent="true" sharedLib="lib">
 <property name="snapshooter" value="/home/solr-user/solr/bin/snapshooter.sh" />
 <cores adminPath="/admin/cores">
  <core name="core0" instanceDir="core0">
    <property name="dataDir" value="/data/core0" />
  </core>
  <core name="core1" instanceDir="core1" />
 </cores>
</solr>

The properties can be container scope (i.e. specified after < solr > but outside of a < core > element) in which case it is automatically inherited by each core. Therefore, they can be used in any of the cores' configuration files.

The properties can also be defined in a core's scope (inside the < core > element) in which case they can be used only in that core's scope. If a property by that name already exists in the container scope then it will be overridden.

Besides them, a few properties are automatically added in the core scope. They are:

solr.core.name -- The core's name as defined in solr.xml

solr.core.instanceDir -- The core's instance directory (i.e. the directory under which that core's conf/ and data/ directory are located)

solr.core.dataDir -- The core's data directory (i.e. the directory under which that core's index directory are located)

solr.core.configName -- The name of the core's config file (solrconfig.xml by default)

solr.core.schemaName -- The name of the core's schema file (schema.xml by default)

Such properties can be used inside solrconfig.xml and schema.xml files by specifying an expression with optionally, a default value.

// Without a default value
${snapshooter}
// With a default value
${snapshooter:./solr/bin/snapshooter.sh}

The above expression will evaluate to the value specified in solr.xml for the property name "solr.snapshooter". If no value is defined in solr.xml, it will check if a system property by that name exists otherwise it will use the specified default value. If no default value is specified, a runtime exception will be thrown and the core may fail to startup.


Share folders on dual-boot Wubi and Windows

From Ubuntu you can find the Windows host 'drive' mounted under /host. You can get there by pressing AltF2, entering /host and then CtrlD to bookmark.

From Windows you can use something like http://ext2read.blogspot.com/ to access the root.disk (readonly).

I recommend storing data on /host if you want to access it from Windows. It's safer than storing data on the virtual disk.


Won't affect things unless your system starts running out of space, in which case you need to ask for more space from your system admin (the person who can use sudo). Filesystems run dandy with hundred of thousands of files; ext3 has a file number ceiling = (volumesize (in bytes))/(2^13), which is to say, a lot.


Receiving Grub message without ever installing Ubuntu?

Windows 10 setup typically formats and partitions the hard drive in such a way that sometimes the only option for the boot to work effectively is with Secure Boot activation. If your computer's BIOS has this option, enable it to verify that Windows 10 will boot properly.


Is 32-bit or 64-bit recommended for me based on my experience?

The AMD Athlon II X2 250 processor is 64-bit, so you can run either the 32-bit (i386) or 64-bit (amd64) version of Ubuntu. You have enough RAM that you might well experience a noticeable improvement in performance even if you ran mostly 32-bit applications (so long as you multitask...which everybody does these days). And if you use the 64-bit version of Ubuntu then you'll be running mostly 64-bit applications, because by default you'll get 64-bit packages (so then you benefit from the CPU instructions that are present in the amd64 architecture but not in 32-bit architectures...or not in all 32-bit sub-architectures).

As of Ubuntu 11.10, multarch support is enabled by default, so you can install the 32-bit versions of applications or libraries if you need them. Therefore, even if you have 32-bit-only applications not provided by Ubuntu software sources (for example, a proprietary binary-only application that only provides a 32-bit version), it shouldn't be significantly more difficult (and would likely not be more difficult at all) to get that running smoothly on a 64-bit Ubuntu system than on a 32-bit Ubuntu system.

So 64-bit is probably the best choice for you, based on the information you have provided. But you're unlikely to go wrong either way...unless you have applications that benefit enormously from 64-bit support, like some scientific and computational applications.

Whether you install your Ubuntu system normally (which is usually the best choice) or with Wubi, you can use either the 32-bit or the 64-bit version of Ubuntu. Even if you're using a 32-bit version of Windows, your Wubi system can still be the 64-bit version of Ubuntu.

See the Ubuntu multarch specification page and the Debian multarch wiki page for more information on the multarch feature (enabled by default in Ubuntu as of version 11.10). See this listserv post and this news article for some more information about multarch in Ubuntu. See this question for general information about the differences between 32-bit and 64-bit Ubuntu systems (not specific to Ubuntu 11.10). See this question for information about why the Ubuntu website has referred to the 32-bit version as recommended.


How to force UFW to be enabled after every restart (currently "inactive")?

Edit your /etc/ufw/ufw.conf and make,

ENABLED=yes


Setting program logo in Unity launcher - missing icons folder

I just created this wiki page :) https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UnityLaunchersAndDesktopFiles


Ok, the problem seems to have solved now.
It seems that I was using the proposed updates version of lightdm(1.2.3-0ubuntu2.6) which might have some bug still need to be fixed.
I downgraded the lightdm to version 1.2.3-0ubuntu2.5 precise-updates version.And the problem seems to be solved.


Shortcut settings can be reached under /apps/metacity/ in gconf-editor.

They're also reachable from /home/alice/.gconf/apps/metacity/


Which unattended-upgrades system takes precedence and how?

CRON

Excerpt of /etc/cron.daily/apt:

# This file understands the following apt configuration variables:
# Values here are the default.

...

#  APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "0";
#  - Run the "unattended-upgrade" security upgrade script
#    every n-days (0=disabled)
#    Requires the package "unattended-upgrades" and will write
#    a log in /var/log/unattended-upgrades

...

UnattendedUpgradeInterval=0
eval $(apt-config shell UnattendedUpgradeInterval APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade)

...

# auto upgrade all upgradeable packages
UPGRADE_STAMP=/var/lib/apt/periodic/upgrade-stamp
if which unattended-upgrade >/dev/null && check_stamp $UPGRADE_STAMP $UnattendedUpgradeInterval; then
    if unattended-upgrade $XUUPOPT; then
        update_stamp $UPGRADE_STAMP
        debug_echo "unattended-upgrade (success)"
    else
        debug_echo "unattended-upgrade (error)"
    fi
else
    debug_echo "unattended-upgrade (not run)"
fi

Description of package unattended-upgrades:

  This package can download and install security upgrades automatically and unattended, taking care to only install packages from the configured APT source, and checking for dpkg prompts about configuration file changes.

  This script is the backend for the APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade option.

The APT cron job runs unattended-upgrade, which is the program that downloads and installs the upgrades, but only if the APT variable APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade is not 0.
Software Properties

Settings for the options Automatically check for updates and When there are security updates are saved in the file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic.

Automatically check for updates maps to APT variable APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists.

When there are security updates maps to variables APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages and APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade.

Selecting Download and install automatically (the security updates)  will set APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade to 1. This is what tells the APT cron job to run unattended-upgrade, which performs all the package installation job.

The Software Properties window only controls the schedule for these three APT's periodic tasks: check for updates, download upgradeable packages and run unattended-upgrade. It doesn't actually run anything, all the hard work is done by /etc/cron.daily/apt and unattended-upgrade.
unattended-upgrade

The program that actually performs the upgrade task. The file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades holds the settings that affect the behavior of unattended-upgrade. It isn't read by any other program. If you want to customize how the upgrades are installed you have to manually edit this file.

There is only one unattended upgrade system (unattended-upgrade) that is called by the APT cron job (/etc/cron.daily/apt) only if we enable it via the Software Properties window (or manually editing /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic).


I admit this to be an oddball answer but here I find I need to reboot my DSL Router when connectivity to the outside world slows down: Firefox, ansiweather (Terminal-based weather utility), etc.  To me everything in the Router's web pages look fine -- 40-50% memory usage, etc.  Boot the Router and I'm back to full speed for another month or so.  HTH.


How to set up apache user and group to current?

In Ubuntu and Debian, the user Apache runs as by default is www-data:www-data.  You should not change this so that it runs as a normal user, www-data is a special system account.


Ubuntu 14.04 ATI/Intel Hybrid Graphics DPM

try installing the fglrx driver, as documented in the official ubuntu wiki
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Config/HybridGraphics

sudo apt-get install fglrx


How do I get my internal HDD to mount at startup? Disks utility not working

I was trying Sudheer's suggestion today. I tried all the different Identify As options to no avail, as every reboot showed that it wasn't working correctly.

What was happening was that the drive itself was mounting correctly, but all the bookmarks were broken (Folders with Yellow on the left panel), therefore I was lead to believe that the drive was not mounting at all.

Then I realised my mistake and found out that when you select an Identify As option, it will set the the Mount Point to a default value (e.g. /mnt/[uu_id]).

This is not the mounting point I desired (e.g /media/[username]/[MountFolderName]) and it was incompatible with the bookmarks I have set on the Files Application.

So you need to set the Identify As option first, then set the Mount Point to your desired location. I basically fell in the same trap as user el_gallo_azul above, but I was lucky enough to finally spot the missing step required.

So the Disks utility definitely can automount and you shouldn't have to modify fstab.

I'm using Ubuntu 18.04 with a front end skin (POP O/S 18.10)


I want to create an indicator for "LXDE Panel"

I think that indicator-sysmonitor will work under LXDE.  If so, you could install it and then write a custom script which performs the GPU temperature lookup.

The gist of installing the indicator and writing a custom script are here.


It will not show the upgrade, because you probably have set to only notify on upgrades of new LTS releases. This would be 14.04 released next year. If you want to upgrade to a regular non-LTS release like 13.04 is, then you should change that setting.

The command-line way of changing this is as follows:

Open /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades in your favourite text editor, e.g.:

sudo gedit /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades

Change the line

prompt=lts

to

prompt=normal

Save and close.
Run the regular upgrade procedure:

sudo do-release-upgrade


Maybe could you test this :

sudo apt-get install pulseaudio-module-bluetooth

and reboot.

Source : Peripherique audio bluetooth Xubuntu 15-10


unstable wifi on Lenovo z50-70 (Ubuntu 15.04)

I would try this. Run in terminal

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf <<< "options ath9k nohwcrypt=1"

and reboot.


Program that switches between dual boot OS's?

The program that allows booting from more than one partition is the GRUB.  It is normally installed with Ubuntu, and you can search using GRUB as the search word.  IIRC, there is a standalone version somewhere, and that may be the solution to your question.


As per my point of view
please understand the merit and demerit of moving home folder to other file system

  NTFS is not suitable for an home partition, there are certain type of file system objects (character devices, named pipes, etc) which are required for certain services but are not supported on NTFS. source

It's not a good idea to have the whole of /home in a fat32 or NTFS partition because those two Windows filesystems don't support Linux permissions. Also, the /home folder has many hidden files and folders (these have a leading . i.e for hidden files) for configuration and I don't know what effect this would have in Vista, or whether Vista would interfere with these..

But what I do is to have a separate NTFS partition for data and set up symlinks from my /home in Linux and whatever the equivalent is in Windows (links? shortcuts?  ). So - say I have a 'Music' folder in my NTFS data partition, then I create a symlink called 'Music' in my Linux home and a link called - yes, you've guessed it - 'Music' in Windows My Documents. (I'm using XP.) In fact I also multiboot several Linux distros, so I do the same in each. Whichever distro/OS I'm in I can access the same files from my home folder by double-clicking on the symlinks (which look like folders with bendy arrows in Linux)

If I am wrong correct me


Copy data

start wih a livecd/liveusb, mount the old and the new partition, then copy everything with

sudo cp -ax /media/old/. /media/new

I'm supposing the new partition is already formatted in ext4 or similar, and completely empty.

modify fstab

modify the file /media/new/etc/fstab to point to the new UUID (obtained with sudo blkid);

update grub

remove the old disk and (through a chroot), update and reinstall grub to the new disk MBR, following the usual procedures.


So, the USB disk shows up as /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda3, and you want to wipe it out? In that case you are on the right track by using fdisk, but you used the wrong argument. It should have been /dev/sda (without the trailing number).
/dev/sda is the complete USB disk, which includes the partition table. On your disk, there are three partitions: /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda3. When you want to wipe out your disk using fdisk, you want to delete partitions. So you should use /dev/sda.


try taking the ubuntu iso file and burning it to a cd or make a bootable iso mounted to a flash drive. if you jist copy over the files then it is not bootable. the easiest way to do it is to burn to usb, then boot from there


How to monitor network speed of remote system on unity panel?

Are you able to connect to your router via a terminal and get the speed from it?  Alternatively, can the router run a script itself and so give the speed?

If so, you could then take that script and add it to indicator-sysmonitor.


How to install latest version of Totem Movie Player?

The most sure fire way is just to compile for your system.

http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/ch-sourcehandling.en.html

apt-get install build-essential

apt-get build-dep package

apt-get source package or dget http://file-that-ends-in-dsc

cd package-*

dpkg-buildpackage

However much of Totem's functionality is mostly gstreamer, so upgrading it doesn't change that much.


Will a flash player plugin be needed for internet video in 18.04?

Basically you answered the question yourself. Some sites still require Flash, and to access contents there you need Flash irrespective of which OS version you are using.

This page in the Ubuntu Desktop Guide applies to Budgie as well.


MultiBoot with Multiple Persistent partitions

The maximum work space for persistence is 8 GiB (not 4 GiB). The casper-rw file is maximum 4 GiB and the home-rw file is also maximum 4 GB. But there are restrictions, max 4 GiB for the system (installed programs) and max 4 GiB for tweaks and personal files.

It is possible to have an extra data partition for huge files like video clips, so maybe these 8 GiB will be enough for many users, who want multibooting with persistence for more than one of the systems.

This works with a FAT32 file system and with adding

persistent-path=/(folderx)/

after "persistent" in the grub2 menuentry for each iso file to get separate storage for persistence in a multiboot pendrive.


Shutdown on idle using ACPI buitin feature

You can achieve both things

Shutdown on idle after specif period.
Weather a user logged in or not it should shutdown.

with a simple bash script.

The script will check the idle time and if it is greater than given number it will completely shutdown the system.

You can then set this script to execute every minute or every 10 seconds (as you prefer) by the root cronjob. The root cron run whenever you have logged in or not logged in user as long as your PC is running. So this will solve your problem.

To get the current idle time in miliseconds you can install xprintidle:

sudo apt-get install xprintidle

I have created a simple bash script for you, that you can put to be excuted by the root cron:

#!/bin/bash

export DISPLAY=:0
IDLE_TIME=`xprintidle`
MAX_IDLE_TIME=3600000

if [ "$IDLE_TIME" -ge "$MAX_IDLE_TIME" ]; then
    shutdown -h now
fi

Note that export DISPLAY=:0 is required in order xprintidle to work correctly under cron. MAX_IDLE_TIME is the max idle time in miliseconds after that the computer will be shut down. 3 600 000 miliseconds is equal to one hour. You can change this value by your needs.

So now save this file somewhere on your filesystem (preferably not your home folder, because it may be encrypted). Give the sh file executable premissions:

chown +x file.sh

And then set root cron to execute it every minute:

sudo crontab -e

and put:

* * * * * /path/to/file.sh


Blank desktop after upgrading lubuntu to the next version

I found a simple fix for this particular problem on another forum. The fault seems to lie in personal settings for lxsession which are no longer available in the upgraded version.

From the blank desktop open a terminal. (Ctrl+Alt+T)

Type in

lxpanel

Press enter.

This should restore your panel so you can open your home folder.

Press Ctrl+ H to show hidden folders.

Open the .config/lxsession folder and delete the Lubuntu folder. Logout and back in, the Lubuntu folder will be re-created with default settings and your desktop should be back. This worked in both instances for me.

(Apologies for any formatting errors, still an amateur at this).

Edit: I may have used the incorrect terminology with regards to upgrading. In both instances I installed from disk and selected the option of installing the new OS over the old while keeping settings and home folder.


How to add D-link dwm-156 to usb switch mode for automatic eject of driver CD / switch to modem mode?

GSM Modems with default ID 2001:a706 & target ID 2001:7d01

You must have usb switch mode installed (installed defaultly in every ubuntu)

Type in terminal:

sudo gedit /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/2001:a706

Copy following lines to the newly opened file & save it:

D-Link DWM-156 HSUPA 3.75G USB Modem
TargetVendor=0x2001
TargetProduct=0x7d01
MessageContent="555342431234567800000000000003f0010100000000000000000000000000"

Type in terminal:

sudo usb_modeswitch -v 0x2001 -p 0xa706 -c /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/2001:a706

Now your modem must be switched to modem mode by using usb switch mode of your Ubuntu (usually takes 10s to appear in NetworkManager)

Now you can make it Automatic Switching
Type in terminal:

sudo gedit /lib/udev/rules.d/40-usb_modeswitch.rules

Change the default ID(vendor & product) of one of the D-link with the ones in the text editor & save it as below:

D-Link DWM-156 HSUPA 3.75G USB Modem
ATTRS{idVendor}=="0791", ATTRS{idProduct}=="a800", RUN+="usb_modeswitch '%b/%k'"

Change the above code to the one below:

D-Link DWM-156 HSUPA 3.75G USB Modem
ATTRS{idVendor}=="2001", ATTRS{idProduct}=="a706", RUN+="usb_modeswitch '%b/%k'"

NOTE: Do not create any new file for your device if your device's name is not present in the gedit list, it will not work ,only just add your ID's in any of the device name in the list, any name would actually work, name does not matter, only default ID's needed. Now save it & reconnect your modem and it will be detected automatically as modem. If you want to see it from the terminal use lsusb which will show differently before and after reconnection. Before ejecting it would look like 2001:a706. After reconnecting it looked like 2001:7d01, which is Modem mode.

You can find message content at /usr/share/usb_modeswitch/configPack.tar.gz and find suitable by appropriate name. without correct message content it is not possible to use usb mode switch, some may not be appropiate. So in general what you did was:

You are providing your device id's to usb modeswitch when you ran the sudo gedit /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/2001:a706 line.
You are making it work automatically by adding your default id's in sudo gedit /lib/udev rules.d/40-usb_modeswitch.rules

Other Modems not mentioned above

You must have usb switch mode installed (comes installed by default in Ubuntu).

Open a terminal and type in the following, replacing the words default vendor id's, default product id's, target vendor id's, target product id's with the id's of your device

sudo gedit /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/default vendor id : default product id

Copy the following lines & save them:

name of modem
TargetVendor=0x????
TargetProduct=0x????
MessageContent="???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????"

Type your id's & message content in the **????** above

Type in the terminal:

sudo usb_modeswitch -v 0xdefault vendor id -p 0xdefault product id -c /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/defult vendor id:default product id

Eg:

sudo usb_modeswitch -v 0x2001 -p 0xa706 -c /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/2001:a706

Now your modem must be switched to modem mode by using usb switch mode (Takes about 10s to appear in NetworkManager). Now make it automatic.
Type in terminal:

sudo gedit /lib/udev/rules.d/40-usb_modeswitch.rules

changing the default id(vendor & product) of one of modem with your ones & save it.

D-Link DWM-156 HSUPA 3.75G USB Modem
ATTRS{idVendor}=="0791", ATTRS{idProduct}=="a800", RUN+="usb_modeswitch '%b/%k'"

Change the above to look like the one below:

D-Link DWM-156 HSUPA 3.75G USB Modem
ATTRS{idVendor}=="your defult vendor id", ATTRS{idProduct}=="your default product id", RUN+="usb_modeswitch '%b/%k'"

Like mentioned in the above cases, name does not matter, only default id's needed, save it & now reconnect your modem and it will be detected automatically as modem.

If you run the lsusb command you will see something like this:

    ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lsusb

    Bus 002 Device 019: ID 2001:a706 D-Link Corp.
    Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
    Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
    Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
    Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

Where 2001=vendor id; a706=product id. Default vendor:product Id's obtained BEFORE ejecting the driver cd. here, i used- 2001:a706

Target vendor:product Id's obtained AFTER ejecting the driver cd (as modem mode). here, i used 2001:7d01

You can also find the message content at /usr/share/usb_modeswitch/configPack.tar.gz and find suitable for you by matching names, some may not be appropriate or at internet(difficult).

Note ID's & message content are different for different modems.

So basically here you have done two things:

Provided your device id's by adding it in sudo gedit /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/
You made it to work automatically by adding your default id's in udev rules of usb mode switch

Remember that the ID's look like the following for the D-link dwm 3.75G usb adapter:

2001:a706 (Before ejecting)
2001:7d01 (After ejecting),

The USB Modem is supported since 13.10 with the USB Mode Switch 1.2.3. In 14.04, which is 2.1.1 already has an updated Id list. If you are having any issues, update to the latest Ubuntu version.


How to map multiple mouse buttons to the same action?

Turns out I didn't understand xinput design.  The following gives the behavior specified above.  ID of the mouse is 10.

xinput set-button-map 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 3 10 11 12 13


What is the legal status of libraries in Ubuntu?

MP3 Legal Issues

http://wiki.audacityteam.org/index.php?title=Lame_Installation#Legal_issues

While the LAME source code is free, the encoding technology that
ready-compiled LAME binaries use is patented. The patents are held by
Fraunhofer and administered by Thomson. Patenting raises a
theoretical possibility that in some countries a user might need to
pay a licence fee to legally encode MP3s. This might vary according
to the purpose of the encoding and whether the software being used is
licensed. There is no definitive list of countries where the patents
unambiguously hold sway. However they are generally assumed to be
enforceable in USA, Canada, the EEC and Japan. This means that in
these countries (in theory), software that encodes MP3s must be
licensed by the patent holders, and that anyone encoding MP3s with
unlicensed encoders may also be infringing patents.

The best advice that can be given is that the user makes their own decision, based on their conscience, the country they are in, and taking into account the following:

The patent holders have tended to enforce licence fees against
commercial rather than free MP3 encoders
Thomson themselves have said that no license is needed by individuals
creating music libraries of MP3 files for personal use
(interpretations vary whether that sanctions using unlicensed
encoders, free or otherwise)
MP3 patents will expire worldwide between 2010 and 2012.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3

In September 1998, the Fraunhofer Institute sent a letter to several
developers of MP3 software stating that a license was required to
"distribute and/or sell decoders and/or encoders". The letter claimed
that unlicensed products "infringe the patent rights of Fraunhofer
and Thomson. To make, sell and/or distribute products using the [MPEG
Layer-3] standard and thus our patents, you need to obtain a license
under these patents from us." The various MP3-related patents expire
on dates ranging from 2007 to 2017 in the U.S. MP3 license revenues
generated about €100 million for the Fraunhofer Society in 2005.

The group that holds the patent on MP3's demands that for each player
with MP3 support a 75 cent fee must be paid:

http://www.mp3licensing.com/royalty/index.html

However, no license is needed for private, non-commercial activities
(e.g., home-entertainment),receiving broadcasts and creating a
personal music library), not generating revenue or other
consideration of any kind or for entities with associated gross
revenue less than US$ 100 000.00.

http://www.mp3licensing.com/help/#5

While you can legally distribute and use the MP3 format, the content of these files is what gets you "in trouble" i.e. you can't distribute Copyrighted Content such as Songs and make profit but of course you can use (listen to) them.

Mp3 of course is open for all end-user applications (that is, we
don't license end-users).

http://www.mp3licensing.com/

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CDRipping

If you live in a country where it is legal to use this format, to
encode MP3s, you can use Sound Juicer which uses gstreamer and the
LAME mp3 encoder. The following should also work with other programs
that use gstreamer:

Enable the universe and multiverse repositories. Then, install the
package ubuntu-restricted-extras (which is not included by default, it is the end-user that chooses to install it).
If you now restart Sound Juicer via Applications > Sound & Video >
Audio CD Extractor you will find the new audio formats available
under Edit > Preferences.

(It is illegal to copy music from a CD and redistribute it unless you have the copyright owner's permission).

You can legally use the Fluendo MP3 decoder available in the Partners repository.

If anything you are better of using:

Ogg Vorbis, and FLAC are patent free.

Ogg Vorbis is similar to mp3 except it is of course free. It
compresses audio to save space while retaining audio quality. The
quality of vorbis was tested to be higher or equal to competitors
such as wma and apple audio.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg_vorbis

FLAC is a lossless free software format, which means it creates an
exact replica of the audio you convert it from. (Mp3 and vorbis
remove quality to save space). I personally use flac, which means I
get full quality 44,100hz 16bit CD audio saving almost half the
space.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flac

JPEG 2000 Legal issues

JPEG 2000 is by itself licensed, but the contributing companies and organizations agreed that licenses for its first part—the core coding system—can be obtained free of charge from all contributors.
The JPEG committee has stated:

It has always been a strong goal of the JPEG committee that its
standards should be implementable in their baseline form without
payment of royalty and license fees... The up and coming JPEG 2000
standard has been prepared along these lines, and agreement reached
with over 20 large organizations holding many patents in this area to
allow use of their intellectual property in connection with the
standard without payment of license fees or royalties.

However, the JPEG committee has also noted that undeclared and obscure submarine patents may still present a hazard:

It is of course still possible that other organizations or
individuals may claim intellectual property rights that affect
implementation of the standard, and any implementers are urged to
carry out their own searches and investigations in this area

Because of this statement, controversy remains in the software community concerning the legal status of the JPEG 2000 standard.

However, many Linux distributions include a JPEG 2000 library

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG_2000#Legal_issues

Licensing:

GPL & LGPL

“GPL” stands for “General Public License”. The most widespread such
license is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short.
This can be further shortened to “GPL”, when it is understood that
the GNU GPL is the one intended.

The GPL does not require you to release your modified version, or
any part of it. You are free to make modifications and use them
privately, without ever releasing them. This applies to
organizations (including companies), too; an organization can make a
modified version and use it internally without ever releasing it
outside the organization.
Short for Lesser General Public License, the license that
accompanies some open source software that details how the software
and its accompany source code can be freely copied, distributed and
modified.The LGPL and GPL licenses differ with one major exception; with LGPL the the requirement that you open up the source code to your own extensions to the software is removed.

http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html

Creative Commons

The Creative Commons copyright licenses and tools forge a balance inside the traditional “all rights reserved” setting that copyright law creates. Our tools give everyone from individual creators to large companies and institutions a simple, standardized way to grant copyright permissions to their creative work. The combination of our tools and our users is a vast and growing digital commons, a pool of content that can be copied, distributed, edited, remixed, and built upon, all within the boundaries of copyright law

Attribution
Attribution-ShareAlike
Attribution-NoDerivs
Attribution-NonCommercial
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/


Ubuntu 11.10 with Gnome Shell does not logout properly

I had the exact same problem and reported a bug. Since 2012-05-21 this problem is no longer present in my Dell Inspiron n4050 with Ubuntu 11.10 64bit and gnome-shell 3.2.2.1. One of the recent updates must have fixed the issue, so I guess it must have been fixed for you,too.


How to include applications/software in Canonical Partners repo?

Canonical offers two services for commercial apps, simplified very basically here:

The Full-service option where they do all the work to put the program in the Software Centre
The Self-service option where you package it, and they give you feedback, and put it in the Software Centre

For more details see the Canonical's page on Application Packaging.


What's the best way to burn a video file to a DVD?

I think Devede would be best for you in this situation.  I use it myself regularly for multiple encodes to dvd with menus.  sudo apt-get install devede


How to remove broken PPAs using Terminal at once?

We really don't discuss 19.04 until later this month when it's formally released. You caused these problems mostly by prematurely upgrading to a as yet unreleased version of Ubuntu.

However, to solve your problem...

is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:50 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vivaldi.list:3

It tells you right there where the problem is. You have the same repository entered twice, once in sources.list line 50, and vivaldi.list line 3. View vivadi.list, and then edit sources.list and remove the duplicate entry on line 50.

The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/brightbox/ruby-ng/ubuntu disco Release' does not have a Release file.

Because you upgraded to 19.04 prematurely, some PPA's got updated to the disco release prematurely, and those don't exist yet. Edit each of these and use cosmic, or some older Ubuntu release. Easiest to do this in Software & Updates application.


12.04 variable (long) boot times, Lenovo IdeaPad

Of the many ways to solve the problem, here was an approach that worked:

(1) Downloaded latest 13.10, 64-bit Ubuntu, and created a bootable USB flash drive using the "Startup Disk Creator" in Ubuntu.

(2a) Rebooted computer, and accessed the system startup menu (BIOS, hold Fn+F2) at startup.

(2b) Went to the last (Exit) tab and, for the "OS optimal default" option, I chose "other OS".

(2c) Then I chose the "setup defaults" option at the bottom of the screen, and then saved and exited.

(3a) Next, I booted from the new bootable USB flash drive (press Fn+F12 at startup to get this option), and chose the "try Ubuntu" option.

(3b) Once in Ubuntu, I opened "G-Parted" using the dashboard and removed all existing partitions on my Crucial SSD, leaving all space unallocated.

(4a) Next I rebooted from the USB flash drive, as described in 3a, this time choosing to "install Ubuntu".

(4b) I selected the default partitioning, download updates, download restricted software, and virtual file system (or something like this) options and let setup do its thing.

(5) Rebooted and everything works perfectly. Specifically, it boots quickly and reliably, the wireless works without work-arounds, and the screen brighness no longer needs to be manually increased after startup.

Thanks, all, for continually working to improve this outstanding operating system!


How to install my Intel graphics updates

VAAPI driver for Intel G45 & HD Graphics family (i965-va-driver) which is shown in your screenshot is in the default Ubuntu repositories for all supported versions of Ubuntu, and it will be updated like any other Ubuntu package by the Software Updater.


Have you tried popping out the memory card and using an external card reader? It sounds like your camera may not be using the mass-storage-device drivers correctly.


Upgrade from Tex Live from 2013 to 2014 on Ubuntu 14.04

Download the "netinstaller" for TeXLive install-tl-unx.tar.gz from any CTAN mirror, e.g. this one.

This "netinstaller" is not a full download, but just a small executable and will download all packages from the internet based on the requirements you set later. For more information, see the install guide.
Extract it somewhere, e.g. in ~/texlive/2014.

mkdir ~/texlive/2014
cd ~/texlive/2014
tar -xf /path/to/install-tl-unx.tar.gz
cd install-tl-20140831 # depends on your installer version, adjust to your situation

Run the install-tl binary with root privileges, e.g. (adjust to your situation):

sudo ./install-tl

Note: If you have a single-user machine, or don't have root
privileges, I would recommend installing to your home directory
instead (omit sudo in the previous command). The reason is that
commands like tlmgr (see below) will not work out of the box if they
are run with sudo, see Setting TeX Live path for root for
more information.

Optionally:

Add the -select-repository option in order to select a CTAN mirror nearby before downloading anything.
Add the -gui=perltk option to use a GUI installer. Install the perl-tk package first! (sudo apt-get install perl-tk) See the screenshot below how it should look like.
Configure only specific collections by choosing the menu option C to save bandwidth and space. Be warned: the default set of 47 collections will yield more than 2GB of traffic and disk usage. You can always install more collections later with the TeXLive package manager (tlmgr) and the collection--prefixed meta-packages.

Choose I for install in the menu. (If not in GUI mode)

It installs in /usr/local/texlive/2014 by default.
The installer output suggests to adjust some environment variables. Do so by editing your ~/.profile (or ~/.bashrc if you like) and add the following lines:

TEXDIR="/usr/local/texlive/2014"
export PATH=$TEXDIR/bin/i386-linux:$PATH    # for 32-bit installation
export PATH=$TEXDIR/bin/x86_64-linux:$PATH  # for 64-bit installation
export INFOPATH=$INFOPATH:$TEXDIR/texmf-dist/doc/info
export MANPATH=$MANPATH:$TEXDIR/texmf-dist/doc/man

Log out and log back in to receive the new variables, or, source the file, e.g. source ~/.profile to activate it for your current shell. This last step should make sure your application actually use your new 2014 local TeXLive installation rather than the Ubuntu packaged one. Some tools will require you to configure that yourself, see for example this on TeXWorks.

Here's how the GUI installer looks like:

Finally, to install new packages you need to setup a Texlive package database (TLPDB). See this post for more information. In summary, you have to run:

sudo apt-get install xzdec
sudo tlmgr init-usertree

then you can install a new package, for example, to install package wrapfig, run:

sudo env PATH="$PATH" tlmgr install wrapfig

or if you installed in your home directory, you can omit sudo:

tlmgr install wrapfig


Steam doesn't work on Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS

Update video driver to the latest proprietary driver available. You can do this by launching "Additional Drivers" in Unity Dash. Then select the AMD/ATI, or NVIDIA video driver.
Run the command below to make sure python-apt is installed:

sudo apt-get install python-apt

Download the official Steam '.deb' archive - steam_latest.deb
Open a terminal window, & change directory to where you downloaded 'steam_latest.deb'. If you downloaded to '~/Downloads' then you'd enter this cmd:

cd ~/Downloads

Now install 'steam_latest.deb' using gDebi tool, or install using 'dpkg'. You'd use this command if you wanted to install with dpkg:

sudo dpkg -i steam_latest.deb

Launch Steam with the launcher in Unity Dash, or enter steam to launch w/ terminal.
Accept the ToS / ToC / EULA when asked. This might not be necessary if you previously accepted them.


Is Ubuntu Better In Dual Boot or VMWare?

A VM is easer to play around with and can be quicker to set up because you do not need to find all divers and if you make any mistakes, and everyone does, it is a lot  easer to clean-up after. There are benefits to Dual Booting however, with the big one, for me at least, is that you have access to all the RAM of your computer. As Pilot6 has said it does run slower and does not have all the capabilities in any VM. Look at your options and chose based on your needs and general computer knowledge.

I personally have not VMboot so I can not tell you the difference.

As for witch one is "better"  I can not say because that is an opinion.


New install on HP laptop causes screen to flicker

This is what I did to solve my issue. There is still a bit of flicker at the start, but nothing like what was happening previously. The solution came from here.

As root, edit the file /etc/default/grub by running:

sudo vi /etc/default/grub

Find the line that looks like this

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Remember you're using the vi editor. Move the cursor down to it by pressing j until you reach that line. Move the cursor to the final " by pressing l (a lower-case L) and then press i. Now you are in insert mode.

Add the nomodeset option there (after a space and before the final " quote) so it looks like this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"

and save. To save and exit you press Esc, then type :wq and press Enter.

Finally, update the GRUB config file:

sudo update-grub

Reboot:

sudo shutdown -r now


OK, social distancing frees up some time. So here's what I did just now:

Stop all apt-cacher-ng instances on source & destination servers: systemctl stop apt-cacher-ng

Create an archive of the cache on the source: tar cvzpf archive.tgz /var/cache/apt-cacher-ng

Use your prefered tool to copy the archive to the destination: scp archive.tgz user@destination

Extract archive on the destination: tar xvzpf archive.tgz /var/cache/

Start apt-cacher-ng instance on destination server: systemctl start apt-cacher-ng

Check if apt-cacher-ng is running on the destination by visiting http://new.server.tld:3142/acng-report.html in a web browser

Check if everything works by running apt-get update / upgrade on some apt-cacher-ng clients

NOTES:

On the client-side I use a DNS alias "apt-cacher" to point to the real hostname. This may still be cached by the clients, so I had to do systemd-resolve --flush-caches on some apt-cacher clients and ipconfig /flushdns on the windows web client. DNS TTLs are typically not longer then a day, so any problems should resolve themselves eventually. On the other hand, if you don't do it like that, you'll have to modify the apt configuration on all clients to point to the new server: Acquire::http { Proxy "http://new.server.tld:3142"; }

This process will (to my surprise) preserve the "Transfer statistics" on the report-page but NOT the "Log analysis". If you want that, you should probable copy /var/log/apt-cacher-ng/ as well

I still have an issue that the report webpage is rendered incompletely when I first load it. But I'm not sure if it's related to the migration, Ubuntu or something else. Reload helps, so for now I'll leave it at that


"Distribution not supported" when trying to install Intel Graphics Installer in Ubuntu

That software checks /etc/lsb-release and that is a text file we can edit ourself so it might be fairly easy to circumvent. Make a backup first though if you do not know what this means. From a command line:

sudo cp /etc/lsb-release /etc/lsb-release.backup

And then edit the file ...

sudo gedit /etc/lsb-release

And change the lines as below:

DISTRIB_RELEASE=14.10
DISTRIB_CODENAME=utopic

And save it. Start the installation and it should finish this time without a notice regarding the distribution.

After that you can then put back the backup file with (cp to leave the backup, change it to mv to also remove the backup)...

sudo cp /etc/lsb-release.backup /etc/lsb-release


Any tool to set the display resolution into custom size?

In System Settings.. we have an entry Displays to let us adjust the screen geometry to values supported by the output device:

This menu can also be brought up from the command line with

gnome-control-center display


How do I completely disable shadows on xfce panel indicators and applications? (Xubuntu 16.04 and compton)

For default Xfce compositor

Go to Settings -> Windows Manager Tweaks. Choose the tab Compositor and uncheck the option Show shadow under regular windows.

For compton compositor

Add the following lines to wintypes setting in ~/.config/compton.conf

dropdown_menu = { shadow = false; };
popup_menu    = { shadow = false; };

Example:

wintypes:
{
    ## To disable shadows for menus
    # menu        = { shadow = false; };
    dropdown_menu = { shadow = false; };
    popup_menu    = { shadow = false; };
    # utility     = { shadow = false; };
};

Hope you success!

An example for compton.conf in git.archlinux.org


Is it safe to delete .thunderbird after removing Thunderbird?

Yes. If you have uninstalled it you can remove the preferences file.

All archived mail will be removed. As will all emails if you had a pop account. I assume that is what you want.


For general information about configuring the libc resolver, read the manpage resolv.conf(5). For Ubuntu-specific aspects, read the manpage resolvconf(8) and Stéphane Graber's blog post: https://www.stgraber.org/2012/02/24/dns-in-ubuntu-12-04/


VMware Player(14.1.1) segfaults on clang-built kernel and clang-built VMware kernel modules

Stage 1 : I tried to use gdb invidually with vmware-config/vmplayer binary to look at the failing point in their code. Running gdb on /usr/bin/vmware-config and /usr/bin/vmplayer is useless as they are just scripts and running directly on their binary counterparts: gdb --args /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware-modconfig --appname="VMware Player" --icon="vmware-player" and gdb /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmplayer, didn't result in any segfault/crash either.

So, I had to invoke a gdb session as part of /usr/bin/vmware-config itself while it launches /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware-modconfig --appname="VMware Player" --icon="vmware-player" within itself. That worked and I saw ModConf_NewKernelInfo() within libvmware-modconfig.so was trying to get current kernel version information and while doing so or parsing the version information after getting it, it segfaulted.

$ vmplayer
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 8.0.1-0ubuntu1) 8.0.1
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware-modconfig...(no debugging symbols found)...done.
(gdb) r
Starting program: /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware-modconfig --launcher=/usr/bin/vmware-modconfig --appname=VMware Player --icon=vmware-player
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
process 24600 is executing new program: /usr/lib/vmware/bin/appLoader
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
[New Thread 0x7fffe4b15700 (LWP 24633)]
[New Thread 0x7fffdffff700 (LWP 24634)]

Thread 1 "vmware-modconfi" received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x00007ffff73312e8 in ?? () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
(gdb) bt
#0  0x00007ffff73312e8 in  () at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
#1  0x00007ffff674d72b in ModConf_NewKernelInfo () at /usr/lib/vmware/lib/libvmware-modconfig.so/libvmware-modconfig.so
#2  0x00007ffff6749540 in main () at /usr/lib/vmware/lib/libvmware-modconfig.so/libvmware-modconfig.so
#3  0x000055555556db6b in  ()
#4  0x0000555555569fd7 in main ()

Stage 2: I used strace on vmware-modconfig to get further in the direction of the kernel version retrieval/parsing which is resulting in crash. It turned out that, the above crash is likely related to parsing of the content of /proc/version.

$ strace /usr/bin/vmware-modconfig --appname="VMware Player" --icon="vmware-player" 2>&1 | tail
write(10, "2018-04-07T00:16:17.901-07:00| v"..., 89) = 89
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/proc/version", O_RDONLY) = 11
fstat(11, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0444, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
fcntl(11, F_GETFL)                      = 0x8000 (flags O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE)
fstat(11, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0444, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
read(11, "Linux version 4.16.0 (exp@exp) (clan"..., 4096) = 111
read(11, "", 3072)                      = 0
close(11)                               = 0
--- SIGSEGV {si_signo=SIGSEGV, si_code=SEGV_MAPERR, si_addr=NULL} ---
+++ killed by SIGSEGV (core dumped) +++

$ cat /tmp/vmware-g/vmware-17594.log
2018-04-07T00:16:17.768-07:00| vthread-1| I125: Log for VMware Workstation pid=17594 version=14.1.1 build=build-7528167 option=Release
2018-04-07T00:16:17.768-07:00| vthread-1| I125: The process is 64-bit.
2018-04-07T00:16:17.768-07:00| vthread-1| I125: Host codepage=UTF-8 encoding=UTF-8
2018-04-07T00:16:17.768-07:00| vthread-1| I125: Host is Linux 4.16.0 Ubuntu 17.10
2018-04-07T00:16:17.768-07:00| vthread-1| I125: DictionaryLoad: Cannot open file "/usr/lib/vmware/settings": No such file or directory.
2018-04-07T00:16:17.768-07:00| vthread-1| I125: [msg.dictionary.load.openFailed] Cannot open file "/usr/lib/vmware/settings": No such file or directory.
2018-04-07T00:16:17.768-07:00| vthread-1| I125: PREF Optional preferences file not found at /usr/lib/vmware/settings. Using default values.
2018-04-07T00:16:17.768-07:00| vthread-1| I125: DictionaryLoad: Cannot open file "/home/g/.vmware/config": No such file or directory.
2018-04-07T00:16:17.768-07:00| vthread-1| I125: [msg.dictionary.load.openFailed] Cannot open file "/home/g/.vmware/config": No such file or directory.
2018-04-07T00:16:17.768-07:00| vthread-1| I125: PREF Optional preferences file not found at /home/g/.vmware/config. Using default values.
2018-04-07T00:16:17.813-07:00| vthread-1| W115: Logging to /tmp/vmware-g/vmware-17594.log
2018-04-07T00:16:17.901-07:00| vthread-1| I125: Obtaining info using the running kernel.

Stage 3: After looking at the strace and gdb specific information from the above stages, I thought of running the usually suggested vmware-modconfig --console --install-all to fix any VMware kernel modules issue, since I didn't have the source code of /usr/lib/vmware/lib/libvmware-modconfig.so/libvmware-modconfig.so to debug further for finding what's with the kernel version information(/proc/version, etc) determining and parsing method within ModConf_NewKernelInfo() of libvmware-modconfig.so. It also segfaulted as I expected since it involves the same vmware-modconfig*.

$ sudo vmware-modconfig --console --install-all
[AppLoader] GLib does not have GSettings support.
Segmentation fault

Stage 4: Going one step further, I spent time on the output of cat /proc/version - one thing that I paid attention to was the compiler information of the compiler used to build kernel. That was the hitting-the-nail-on-its-head moment! I understood that VMware Player config/scripts probably assumes underlying host Linux kernel is built using some gcc-* version compiler and expects the output of cat /proc/version to have some gcc ... and if it doesn't find that (in this case, it's clang... as that's the compiler used for building host kernel), it doesn't seem to report any error/warning and simply segfaults - probably due to a NULL(from substring search on output of cat /proc/version for gcc...) dereference.

Below is what seems to be happening within vmware-modconfig and/or internal programs/scripts:

## My visualization of crash(SIGSEGV) case when compiler used to build kernel is clang-*/LLVM :
##
## == Likely a dereferencing of NULL similar to the below case ==

const char *gcc_ver = strstr("Linux version 4.16.0 (exp@exp) (clang version 5.0.0-3 (tags/RELEASE_500/final)) #4 SMP Thu Apr 5 02:12:22 PDT 2018", "gcc...");
if (strcmp(gcc_ver, "gcc...") == 0) { // Here, there's no check on gcc_ver to be
                                       // non-NULL - since it's likely that the compiler used to build the kernel
                       // is *assumed* to be always some gcc and so on. Probably, it's not designed to work
                       // work with clang/LLVM if the compiler used to build kernel is clang/LLVM.
         .
         .
         .
         .
}

##
##  My visualization of working case when compiler used to build kernel is gcc-* :
##

const char *gcc_ver = strstr("Linux version 4.16.0 (exp@exp) (gcc version 7.3.0 (Ubuntu 7.3.0-8ubuntu3)) #4 SMP Thu Apr 5 02:12:22 PDT 2018", "gcc...");
if (strcmp(gcc_ver, "gcc...") == 0) { // Works as always
         .
         .
         .
         .
}

Stage 6 : For the sake of VMware Player configuration script check, modified linux-4.16/fs/proc/version.c to report GCC 7.3.0 on a *need* basis, as the Linux compiler used to build the current kernel(4.16) instead of the actual clang/LLVM compiler used in building the current kernel(4.16). This took past the vmplayer invocation past the point where it would segfault, otherwise since the compiler information in /proc/version not being gcc-specific but clang-specific! This confirmed that my understanding and interpretation of VMware Player config/script being incapable of correctly translating the clang-compiler information in /proc/version into the actual clang/LLVM compiler used to build the underlying host kernel and hence the unexpected SIGSEGV/segfault.

$ eclang /lib/modules/4.16.0/build/vmlinux | head -1
++ strings -a /lib/modules/4.16.0/build/vmlinux
++ grep 'clang version'
Linux version 4.16.0 (exp@exp) (clang version 5.0.0-3 (tags/RELEASE_500/final)) #4 SMP Thu Apr 5 02:12:22 PDT 2018

$ egcc /lib/modules/4.16.0/build/vmlinux
++ strings -a /lib/modules/4.16.0/build/vmlinux
++ grep 'GCC: ('

###
### [procfs] - version logic updated.
###

$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.16.0 (exp@exp) (gcc version 7.3.0 (Ubuntu 7.3.0-8ubuntu3)) #4 SMP Thu Apr 5 02:12:22 PDT 2018

$ strace /usr/bin/vmware-modconfig --appname="VMware Player" --icon="vmware-player" 2>&1 | grep -A 40 -B 1 "/proc/version"
write(10, "2018-04-07T00:37:09.944-07:00| v"..., 89) = 89
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/proc/version", O_RDONLY) = 11
fstat(11, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0444, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
fcntl(11, F_GETFL)                      = 0x8000 (flags O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE)
fstat(11, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0444, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
read(11, "Linux version 4.16.0 (exp@exp) (gcc "..., 4096) = 106
read(11, "", 3072)                      = 0
close(11)                               = 0
write(10, "2018-04-07T00:37:09.944-07:00| v"..., 71) = 71
access("/sbin/gcc-7.3", X_OK)           = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/home/g/CodeSourcery/Sourcery_G++_Lite/bin/gcc-7.3", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/home/g/bin/gcc-7.3", X_OK)     = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/home/g/.local/bin/gcc-7.3", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/local/sbin/gcc-7.3", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/local/bin/gcc-7.3", X_OK)  = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/sbin/gcc-7.3", X_OK)       = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/bin/gcc-7.3", X_OK)        = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/sbin/gcc-7.3", X_OK)           = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/bin/gcc-7.3", X_OK)            = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/games/gcc-7.3", X_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/local/games/gcc-7.3", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/snap/bin/gcc-7.3", X_OK)       = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/bin/gcc-7.3", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/db/bin/gcc-7.3", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin/gcc-7.3", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/sbin/gcc-7", X_OK)             = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/home/g/CodeSourcery/Sourcery_G++_Lite/bin/gcc-7", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/home/g/bin/gcc-7", X_OK)       = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/home/g/.local/bin/gcc-7", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/local/sbin/gcc-7", X_OK)   = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/local/bin/gcc-7", X_OK)    = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/sbin/gcc-7", X_OK)         = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/bin/gcc-7", X_OK)          = 0
getuid()                                = 1000
stat("/usr/bin/gcc-7", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=287, ...}) = 0
access("/usr/bin/gcc-7", X_OK)          = 0
getuid()                                = 1000
write(10, "2018-04-07T00:37:09.944-07:00| v"..., 119) = 119

Stage 6: With the above update to /proc/version(fs/proc/version.c) to show gcc-* on a *need* basis, vmplayer would no longer segfault/crash - but, was using gcc(7.3.0) to build VMware kernel modules(vmnet and vmmon) which was of course "expected" as that was what was in /proc/version - I did not want this - I wanted clang/LLVM to be used for building VMware kernel modules like I have done the same for other kernel modules (Nvidia driver, VirtualBox, etc) that are working without any issues. Simply put, I want both underlying kernel and all the kernel modules to be built by clang/LLVM and not gcc.

I observed that the VMware configuration script performs a preprocessor check with the determined compiler (gcc-7.3.0 in this case) And that command looks like:

/usr/bin/gcc-7 -E -I/lib/modules/4.16.0/build/include - ....

Once that's complete and succeeds, it moves onto check if it's needed to build VMware kernel modules - vmnet and vmmon.

Stage 7: Manually the VMware kernel modules(from source : vmmon.tar and vmnet.tar) can be built with clang/LLVM and I have built them(with any needed patches for hostif.c (vmmon-only) and bridge.c (vmnet-only), installed, and used it without any issues by invoking /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmplayer directly. But, when invoking VMware player by just vmplayer or by clicking on VMware Player icon from app menu/list, vmware-modconfig performs the checks on the compiler and its version used to build the current kernel and then checks if VMware kernel modules are built and loaded, before launching finally vmplayer. And the compiler-check that vmware-modconfig does, doesn't seem to work if the compiler(as shown by /proc/version) is clang/LLVM instead of gcc as shown above.

$ ~/vmware_modules_compiler.sh
++ eclang /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vmmon.ko
++ head -1
+++ strings -a /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vmmon.ko
+++ grep 'clang version'
clang version 5.0.0-3 (tags/RELEASE_500/final)
++ eclang /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vmnet.ko
++ head -1
+++ strings -a /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vmnet.ko
+++ grep 'clang version'
clang version 5.0.0-3 (tags/RELEASE_500/final)

$ ~/vmware_modules_metadata.sh
++ strings -a /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vmnet.ko
++ grep VMware
author=VMware, Inc.
description=VMware Virtual Networking Driver.
++ strings -a /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vmmon.ko
++ grep VMware
author=VMware, Inc.
description=VMware Virtual Machine Monitor.

$ lsmod | grep "vmnet\|vmmon"
vmnet                  53248  13
vmmon                  90112  0

Stage 8: With the above understanding how VMware config/script performs initial preprocessor check with the compiler determined to be gcc-7(.3.0) and how subsequent invocations happen for building the VMware kernel modules, I worked upon the compiler invocation logic for both the instances by vmware-modconfig script/program :

First to perform "preprocessor check" with the actual gcc (7.3.0) compiler itself.
Second and for all the subsequent invocation of compiler with clang/LLVM instead of gcc 7.3.0 - to have VMware kernel modules to be built with clang/LLVM itself like the underlying host kernel.

Stage 9: With that, I was able to completely automate the whole VMware Player installation, first invocation, configuration, and overall setup with clang-built (via installer itself) VMware kernel modules on underlying host clang-built Linux 4.16.0 kernel.

## Compact log of VMware kernel modules built using clang/LLVM instead of gcc, automatically by vmware-* config/scripts
##

## NOTE : Needed to run "vmplayer" as root(sudo) for (only) the first time for building kernel modules and install them.
## Normal user mode didn't go beyond the start of "VMware kernel modules build..." step.

$ sudo vmplayer
Stopping VMware services:
   VMware Authentication Daemon                                        done
   VM communication interface socket family                            done
   Virtual machine communication interface                             done
   Virtual machine monitor                                             done
   Blocking file system                                                done
make: Entering directory '/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmmon-only'
Using kernel build system.
/usr/bin/make -C /lib/modules/4.16.0/build/include/.. SUBDIRS=$PWD SRCROOT=$PWD/. \
  MODULEBUILDDIR= modules
make[1]: Entering directory '/media/exp/ext/linux-4.16'
+ /usr/bin/clang -print-file-name=include
  CC [M]  /tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmmon-only/linux/driverLog.o
    .
    .
++ /usr/bin/clang -Wp,-MD,/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmmon-only/linux/.hostif.o.d -nostdinc -isystem /usr/lib/llvm-5.0/lib/clang/5.0.0/include -I./arch/x86/include -I./arch/x86/include/generated -I./include -I./arch/x86/include/uapi -I./arch/x86/include/generated/uapi -I./include/uapi -I./include/generated/uapi -include ./include/linux/kconfig.h -D__KERNEL__ -DCONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR -Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -fshort-wchar -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wno-format-security -std=gnu89 -fno-PIE -mno-sse -mno-mmx -mno-sse2 -mno-3dnow -mno-avx -m64 -mno-80387 -mstack-alignment=8 -mtune=generic -mno-red-zone -mcmodel=kernel -funit-at-a-time -DCONFIG_X86_X32_ABI -DCONFIG_AS_CFI=1 -DCONFIG_AS_CFI_SIGNAL_FRAME=1 -DCONFIG_AS_CFI_SECTIONS=1 -DCONFIG_AS_FXSAVEQ=1 -DCONFIG_AS_SSSE3=1 -DCONFIG_AS_CRC32=1 -DCONFIG_AS_AVX=1 -DCONFIG_AS_AVX2=1 -DCONFIG_AS_SHA1_NI=1 -DCONFIG_AS_SHA256_NI=1 -pipe -Wno-sign-compare -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -O2 -Wframe-larger-than=1024 -fstack-protector-strong -Wno-unused-const-variable -g -gdwarf-4 -pg -mfentry -DCC_USING_FENTRY -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wno-pointer-sign -fno-strict-overflow -fno-merge-all-constants -fno-stack-check -Werror=implicit-int -Werror=strict-prototypes -Werror=date-time -Werror=incompatible-pointer-types -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DVMW_USING_KBUILD -DVMMON -DVMCORE -I/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmmon-only/./include -I/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmmon-only/./common -I/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmmon-only/./linux -I/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmmon-only/./vmcore -DMODULE '-DKBUILD_BASENAME="hostif"' '-DKBUILD_MODNAME="vmmon"' -c -o /tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmmon-only/linux/.tmp_hostif.o /tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmmon-only/linux/hostif.c
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
 LD [M]  /tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmmon-only/vmmon.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory '/media/exp/ext/linux-4.16'
/usr/bin/make -C $PWD SRCROOT=$PWD/. \
  MODULEBUILDDIR= postbuild
make[1]: Entering directory '/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmmon-only'
make[1]: 'postbuild' is up to date.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmmon-only'
cp -f vmmon.ko ./../vmmon.o
make: Leaving directory '/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmmon-only'
make: Entering directory '/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmnet-only'
Using kernel build system.
/usr/bin/make -C /lib/modules/4.16.0/build/include/.. SUBDIRS=$PWD SRCROOT=$PWD/. \
  MODULEBUILDDIR= modules
make[1]: Entering directory '/media/exp/ext/linux-4.16'
+ /usr/bin/clang -print-file-name=include
  CC [M]  /tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmnet-only/driver.o
    .
    .
    .
++ /usr/bin/clang -Wp,-MD,/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmnet-only/.bridge.o.d -nostdinc -isystem /usr/lib/llvm-5.0/lib/clang/5.0.0/include -I./arch/x86/include -I./arch/x86/include/generated -I./include -I./arch/x86/include/uapi -I./arch/x86/include/generated/uapi -I./include/uapi -I./include/generated/uapi -include ./include/linux/kconfig.h -D__KERNEL__ -DCONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR -Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -fshort-wchar -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wno-format-security -std=gnu89 -fno-PIE -mno-sse -mno-mmx -mno-sse2 -mno-3dnow -mno-avx -m64 -mno-80387 -mstack-alignment=8 -mtune=generic -mno-red-zone -mcmodel=kernel -funit-at-a-time -DCONFIG_X86_X32_ABI -DCONFIG_AS_CFI=1 -DCONFIG_AS_CFI_SIGNAL_FRAME=1 -DCONFIG_AS_CFI_SECTIONS=1 -DCONFIG_AS_FXSAVEQ=1 -DCONFIG_AS_SSSE3=1 -DCONFIG_AS_CRC32=1 -DCONFIG_AS_AVX=1 -DCONFIG_AS_AVX2=1 -DCONFIG_AS_SHA1_NI=1 -DCONFIG_AS_SHA256_NI=1 -pipe -Wno-sign-compare -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -O2 -Wframe-larger-than=1024 -fstack-protector-strong -Wno-unused-const-variable -g -gdwarf-4 -pg -mfentry -DCC_USING_FENTRY -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wno-pointer-sign -fno-strict-overflow -fno-merge-all-constants -fno-stack-check -Werror=implicit-int -Werror=strict-prototypes -Werror=date-time -Werror=incompatible-pointer-types -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DVMW_USING_KBUILD -I/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmnet-only/. -DVMW_NETIF_TRANS_UPDATE -DMODULE '-DKBUILD_BASENAME="bridge"' '-DKBUILD_MODNAME="vmnet"' -c -o /tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmnet-only/.tmp_bridge.o /tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmnet-only/bridge.c
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
  LD [M]  /tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmnet-only/vmnet.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory '/media/exp/ext/linux-4.16'
/usr/bin/make -C $PWD SRCROOT=$PWD/. \
  MODULEBUILDDIR= postbuild
make[1]: Entering directory '/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmnet-only'
make[1]: 'postbuild' is up to date.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmnet-only'
cp -f vmnet.ko ./../vmnet.o
make: Leaving directory '/tmp/modconfig-sImz9k/vmnet-only'
Starting VMware services:
   Virtual machine monitor                                             done
   Virtual machine communication interface                             done
   VM communication interface socket family                            done
   Blocking file system                                                done
   Virtual ethernet                                                    done
   VMware Authentication Daemon                                        done
   Shared Memory Available                                             done
.
.

$  ls -lrt /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vm*.ko
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2597952 Apr  7 01:55 /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vmmon.ko
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2614432 Apr  7 01:55 /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vmnet.ko

$ ~/vmware_modules_compiler.sh
++ eclang /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vmmon.ko
++ head -1
+++ strings -a /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vmmon.ko
+++ grep 'clang version'
clang version 5.0.0-3 (tags/RELEASE_500/final)
++ eclang /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vmnet.ko
++ head -1
+++ strings -a /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vmnet.ko
+++ grep 'clang version'
clang version 5.0.0-3 (tags/RELEASE_500/final)

$ ~/vmware_modules_metadata.sh
++ strings -a /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vmnet.ko
++ grep VMware
author=VMware, Inc.
description=VMware Virtual Networking Driver.
++ strings -a /lib/modules/4.16.0/misc/vmmon.ko
++ grep VMware
author=VMware, Inc.
description=VMware Virtual Machine Monitor.

##
## Subsequent invocation of "vmplayer" as usual(without any root/sudo usage).
##

$ vmplayer
+ /usr/bin/vmware-modconfig '--appname=VMware Player' --icon=vmware-player
+ vmware_module_exists vmmon
+ modalias=vmmon
+ /sbin/modprobe -n vmmon
+ set +x

$ vmplayer --version
.
.
VMware Player 14.1.1 build-7528167

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 17.10
Release:    17.10
Codename:   artful

Installed VMware Player version after all of the above steps:

VMware Player guest - Ubuntu 17.10 x86_64 - Successfully running in thus installed VMware Player:


BURG updates, but doesn't show up in boot up GRUB screen

Your title is slightly confusing, but I would try three things.

Go into the Software Center and search your version number (3.0.0-12) and uninstall the old kernel.
If it's BURG that's the problem, you can at least test that it's right by running burg-emu in a terminal. Otherwise, make sure that it's also installed on the drive that boots up, which is more than likely the first one:

  sudo burg-install ("hd0")
  sudo update-burg

Get GRUB Customizer (works with BURG) to manually check and modify which boot items are listed.

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install grub-customizer


How do I pause/resume download and install from terminal?

Ctrl+c cancels it but next time start from where you left
Ctrl+z stops process but then you can't do another process as it remains locked to the first process

Using one of the above methods is generally better than just closing the terminal, but if you just close the terminal while it's downloading packages, it should start the download right where it stopped next time you run sudo apt-get upgrade

If you want to restart the download after using Ctrl+z:

Check paused tasks by typing jobs in the terminal
To resume a process, type fg
If you have multiple tasks, then type fg 1, fg 2, etc…

Make sure, however, that you never stop it while it's installing the downloaded packages, since this will result in a lock on apt-get, which will require a computer restart or reconfiguration of apt, and you'll have to start at the beginning of the installation.
So make sure to only "pause" (close) the terminal when it's downloading, not installing.

If you would like to start another apt-get process - after pausing the first process, run sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock && sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock; it won't look like it did anything, but you should be able to start another apt-get process.

To kill a command that you've paused with Ctrl+z, enter kill -9 %x into the terminal, replacing x with the number that the paused process is (see jobs). The process will remain in the list, but it will say "killed" after it instead of "stopped", indicating it is no longer active.

Sources : [ubuntu] How to pause download operation in terminal
Accidently pressed Ctrl-Z in a Linux terminal in Ubuntu Intrepid Ipex. What do I do now?
Starting, Stopping and Managing Jobs in the Ubuntu Terminal


The intrinsic problem with a rootkit is that it worms it's way deep into your operating system ; if you infected with one, there is no safe way to eliminate it from within the rooted operating system, because if your kernel is compromised, you can't trust anything it says about your files, etc.

Thus to eliminate a rootkit, you have to shut down the OS and manipulate the file system from another OS, and in such a case, it's probably less costly to simply reinstall the operating system rather than try and audit the existing system and repair any rooted components.

As @Cumulus007 points out, the incidence of a rootkit on a desktop-usage Linux system is very low. The odds are a little worse for a server-usage installation, but still very low.


No wifi after update to Kernel 4.10 / 4.11 - Ubuntu 14.04

You can install the missing firmware with
cd /lib/firmware
sudo wget https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git/plain/iwlwifi-7260-17.ucode

Then reboot into kernel 4.10

The iwlwifi-7260-17.ucode file is not in the linux-firmware package for 14.04


Ethernet working but no web browser connection

You can try using another browser.

Then that Firefox error can be as a result of that www.google.com is spelled wrong as
www.google .com and hence Firefox can't access it.


How can I repair the default GTK libraries after installing GTK 3.4 from source?

Long shot guess:
Within dconf-editor (install it with sudo apt-get install dconf-editor), navigate to:

org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/xsettings/

Is it active?...Its a harmless(?) thing to try.

There is also dconf to do it with a cli command, (run dconf help) but i like to check first how it is actually set.

Long story (could be helpful?):Same boat, not sure same storm:

Tried even with gtk-change theme, gnome-tweak, Ubuntu Tweak... to no avail. It affected all GNOME, including shell, Unity and even Cairo-Dock sessions.... No font settings size or hinting would show any difference...(I think it was after fiddling with gnome-shell and/or accessibility zoom settings...not really sure)

xdiagnose informed me that Raleigh was the "old-look" (GTK...2?) theme i could not get rid of, but gave me the clue. Searched for it in the filesystem / and digging thru the folders i found a text that explained it was the last resort theme in case nothing was defined. (/usr/share/themes/Raleigh/gtk-2.0/gtkrc).

So (kind of a hunch) i went to dconf-editor to org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/ and checking thru the keys there (i turned them all on as a desperate measure....i don't really recommend doing it so blindly...it worked for me thou...) i "stumbled" upon the -last- one: "xsettings" and found it was NOT activated. Activating THAT did the trick.


Ubuntu won't let me enter my root password

How to recover admin rights

Lifted from this post.

First you need to boot into recovery mode. If Ubuntu is the only system installed on your computer you need to hold Shift-Key while booting.

Select the "recovery mode"-entry which is usually the second one.

Select "root  Drop to root shell prompt".
Enter mount -o rw,remount / to make your system writeable

Repairing

Enter the following (replacing your-username with your actual username):

adduser your-username sudo
adduser your-username admin

Now your user will have his admin rights back. Enter

reboot

to reboot your system.


How can I make a separate partition on my 120 gb SSD that cannot be formatted nor deleted?

There is no way to stop the root user (sudo) from doing all and everything with drives attached to our computer. This includes deleting files, formatting partitions, and partitioning drives.

There are means to protect files on a partition from being accidentally overwritten by mounting it as read-only in Ubuntu but this alone will of course not stop Windows, and it will not stop Root to remount the drive with write access. We can even hide a partition but it will not be accessible then and as soon as we try to re-partition it this will be gone too.

While installing any OS we inevitably need to be Root. We then will always be able to partition and format all drives attached to our computer, hence will also be able to delete all data with a single bad command.

Therefore the only means to protect our data is performing regular backups on an external drive that will not be attached to our computer on installing any OS. This backup should always be made before we install anything, or re-partition.

For data in the GB rather than the TB range such an external storage could also be a pen-drive or an SD-card we can write protect with a hardware switch, provided the hardware switch was read correctly by the new OS (which sadly appears to not always be the case).


Why Does Chromium Snap Keep Asking for Webcal Settings Change?

This is not meant as an answer, but the features available in comments are limited enough to make it more useful to post a "comment-as-an-answer".
Actions that could narrow your problem

Check the status of your configuration as shown here at each point in the sequence you described, and possibly others.
Check if the apt-get version of chromium (package chromium-browser) behaves the same (and if not, perhaps this is an acceptable workaround for you).
Check whether default-url-scheme-handler:webcal is a setting of snap or chromium.


Best method to improve performance on an sd card/mmc with HIGH bulk write but LOW random write/read. (Raspi/SD boot)

Write caching does not help

In current Ubuntu systems (for example 18.04.x LTS) in computers with a lot of RAM, the write operations are cached automatically. But it does not help the final write speed from the cache to the actual target device (the SD card in your case).

Put many small files into a [compressed] archive and write the archive

What might help is putting many small files into an archive (for example with tar). Things will be even faster if you compress the archive

sudo tar -cvzf file.tar.gz pattern

where pattern can simply be . or an expression with files and/or directories maybe containing wild cards in order to select the files that you want to put into the archive.

Writing the archive or compressed archive to the SD card will be much faster than writing the files separately.

Edit: Wipe the whole SD device

Memory cards and USB pendrives will often get slower than the original write speed after writing to it repeatedly. Finally they may get completely choked, 'gridlocked'. I have found it helpful to wipe the whole device by overwriting with zeros.

The write speed is restored to almost the original speed
The risk decreases that the drive is choked and get gridlocked.
But do not do this too often because of the wear of memory cells. i do it when the write speed drops below half of the original speed.
You can do it in a convenient and safe way with mkusb
Link: Pendrive lifetime


How to keep a graphical application running, even if it crashes?

Another not so elegant solution:

#!/bin/bash

threshold=2
program="$1"

while true; do
    start=$(date +%s)
    "$program"
    ret_val=$?
    stop=$(date +%s)
    if [[ ret_val -eq 0 ]]; then
        # normal exit, quit
        exit 0
    else
        # abnormal exit, check runtime. if < threshold quit
        runtime=$((stop - start))
        if [[ runtime -lt $threshold ]]; then
            echo "crash on start"
            exit 1
        fi
    fi
done

This will restart, if the program (first argument) exits with a return code != 0 and ran at least threshold seconds.

I tried to create an Upstart job using the respawn and respawn limit options, but that somehow failed.


Hare's a complete guide to get Canon's official CAPT drivers installed and automatically starting.

CanonCaptDrv190