Sometimes you need to find out all the dependencies of a package. This tutorial explains how to use apt-rdepends to recursively list all dependencies of a Debian/Ubuntu package.
I do not issue any guarantee that this will work for you!
1 Installing apt-rdepends
apt-rdepends can be installed as follows:
apt-get install apt-rdepends

If you are on Ubuntu and are not logged in as root, use
sudo apt-get install apt-rdepends

instead.
2 Using apt-rdepends
apt-rdepends can be used as follows:
apt-rdepends <packagename>

For example, to find out all dependencies of the package wget, run:
apt-rdepends wget

This is a sample output:
falko@falko-virtual-machine:~$ apt-rdepends wget
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
wget
  Depends: dpkg (>= 1.15.4)
  Depends: install-info
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.11)
  Depends: libssl1.0.0 (>= 1.0.0)
dpkg
  PreDepends: coreutils (>= 5.93-1)
  PreDepends: libbz2-1.0
  PreDepends: libc6 (>= 2.11)
  PreDepends: libselinux1 (>= 1.32)
  PreDepends: xz-utils
  PreDepends: zlib1g (>= 1:1.1.4)
coreutils
  PreDepends: libacl1 (>= 2.2.11-1)
  PreDepends: libattr1 (>= 2.4.41-1)
  PreDepends: libc6 (>= 2.7)
  PreDepends: libselinux1 (>= 1.32)
libacl1
  Depends: libattr1 (>= 2.4.41-1)
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4)
  PreDepends: multiarch-support
libattr1
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4)
  PreDepends: multiarch-support
libc6
  Depends: libc-bin (= 2.13-20ubuntu5)
  Depends: libgcc1
  Depends: tzdata
libc-bin
libgcc1
  Depends: gcc-4.6-base (= 4.6.1-9ubuntu3)
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.2.5)
  PreDepends: multiarch-support
gcc-4.6-base
multiarch-support
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.3.6-2)
tzdata
  Depends: debconf (>= 0.5)
  Depends: debconf-2.0
debconf
  PreDepends: perl-base (>= 5.6.1-4)
perl-base
  PreDepends: dpkg (>= 1.14.20)
  PreDepends: libc6 (>= 2.11)
debconf-2.0
libselinux1
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.8)
  PreDepends: multiarch-support
libbz2-1.0
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4)
xz-utils
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.7)
  Depends: liblzma2 (>= 5.0.0)
liblzma2
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4)
zlib1g
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4)
  PreDepends: multiarch-support
install-info
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4)
libssl1.0.0
  Depends: debconf (>= 0.5)
  Depends: debconf-2.0
  Depends: libc6 (>= 2.7)
  Depends: zlib1g (>= 1:1.1.4)
  PreDepends: multiarch-support
falko@falko-virtual-machine:~$

For most packages, the output is even longer and might not fit on your screen. In these cases you can pipe the output into more (or less), e.g. as follows:

apt-rdepends apache2 | more
apt-rdepends apache2 | less

Copied from HowToForge


Can't delete OpenVPN on Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS

I figured it out to uninstall it.

:~$ which openvpn
usr/local/sbin/openvpn

I checked usr/local folder and saw a folder a sbin/openvpn. Deleted them.

:~$ sudo rm -rf /usr/local/openvpn_as
:~$ sudo rm -rf /usr/local/sbin/openvpn


There is NO option to edit fps in cheese. Cheese just streams direct video input from your webcam.

You mention slow fps during recording, but I'm assuming that the video displayed in cheese even when not recording has the same slow fps, right?
In effect, the fps you see before recording is what you are recording?

If so, I imagine you are recording in your room? which means low lighting.

try taking the laptop outside in bright sunlight and test if the fps improves or not.

If fps does improve outside, it means that webcam driver is running with an auto-exposure setting ON.
(That means the fps depends directly on the webcam exposure. More light more fps. Less light less fps.)

Some webcam drivers might have an option to turn this setting off.

To check : Install the v4l2ucp program. Once installed, you can start the program from the menu item  System > Preferences > Video4Linux Control Panel .
Check if you have the options for Automatic Gain and Exposure (a checkbox) , Exposure , Gain. If you have the options, then you can turn it off and adjust the options as suitable.

If you do not have the options, it means your webcam driver does not yet support the auto-exposure options.

If the webcam has options to toggle Auto-Exposure when you boot into Windows, then you're in luck. The option can be included in Linux kernel for your webcam.

Check if there is an existing bug requesting the feature: Search in Product: v4l-dvb

If not, File a bug in the kernel. Product: v4l-dvb , Select Component: webcam

Bug is an enhancement feature request and should include following info:

 lspci -vvnn
 lsusb
 dmesg
 uname -a


Bodhi/Lubuntu 18.04/19.04 - Error loading driver for Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6235 Wireless - Device not ready / Failed to load firmware chunk!

I believe that there are but three possibilities. First, does the required firmware actually exist on your system? According to Intel's own site, the needed firmware is iwlwifi-6000g2b-6.ucode. Please see: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000005511/network-and-i-o/wireless-networking.html

Please check your system:

cd /lib/firmware && ls | grep iwlwifi-6000g2b-6.ucode

Does the file exist?

The second possibility is that the file is somehow corrupted. Let's check:

md5sum iwlwifi-6000g2b-6.ucode

My system returns 1f1763dfd472a487c3d61eac0a12b766. If yours returns the same, then I doubt that the firmware is corrupted.

In fact, I doubt that, on three installations across two different Linux distributions, that the firmware is always missing and/or always corrupted. That leads to the third possibility, That the hardware, that is, the card itself, is either not seated properly in its slot or else is electrically defective.


Apt-get says up to date, errors say no update log?

It is not a problem, lack of an update log means you installed 14.04 as opposed to installing a previous version (say 12.04) and then updating to 14.04.


python error trying to install mps-youtube

As others have said, the message indicates you need Python 3. This should be installed by default, so that's fine. The problem is you are using pip which most likely links to pip2 which is for Python 2. So try the same command using pip3:

$ sudo -H pip3 install mps-youtube

It's possible you have to install pip for Python 3 first:

$ sudo apt-get install python3-pip


You have started a Terminal program, which gives you access to the Linux command line, similar to the old DOS Prompt or Windows' cmd shell, where you can type in commands and receive information in a text-based format. Expert users can do just about any computer-related task in this environment, but it can be extremely important even for first-time or casual users of Linux operating systems like Ubuntu. You can use it to quickly install, upgrade, or remove packages, manipulate files and folders, check your network connection status, and many more tasks.

Ubuntu is designed in such a way that the command line often isn't necessary for day-to-day use of your computer, as there are graphical programs such as the Software Center or Nautilus, the file browser, that manage many of these routine jobs. However, if you are interested in learning more, there are many resources available to check out. If you'd like a physical book to put on your desk (or even an ebook to put on your tablet), you can't go wrong with Linux in a Nutshell, which I've had for many many years and still reference occasionally. The first link I provided links to a number of online tutorials for learning the command line (also known as Bash or "the shell").

Good luck!


Is it possible to remove nouveau driver from a dual graphics system? Kubuntu 14.04

Yes, it is possible.

"Driver Manager" in System Settings should have what you are looking for. It looks like version 331 is the most stable version for your device. Or use

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-331 nvidia-settings

You will need to reboot for changes to take effect.

The subsequent output of lspci-nnk should now report "nvidia" instead of "nouveau".

As for your issue, this may fix the issue you have described as the Nvidia drivers (from my experience) usually reduce system crashes.

Also,

apt-cache search nvidia

Will give you a complete list of Nvidia related packages and alternatives. I do not know how well the rest of the packages work.


The problem is that USB Pendrive can't hold I/O per secs as much as normal HDD would take.

Therefore, resulting in performance loss of your PC.


How can I find out if Nautilus uses copy/move validation?

At present there is no setting in nautilus for validating copied files.

Nautilus does have a Brainstorm page for ideas so maybe you can add your request there.


How to save daily changes in a virtualbox to a live USB

If I understand you correctly, what you want to do, is use your flash drive as the 'harddrive' in Virtualbox. This way all your changes will be reflected on the flash drive.

In order to do this, you will need to make a virtual hard drive that points to the physical device, then use the virtual hard drive with Virtualbox.

Use the following command, replacing /dev/sda with the device that is your flash drive
sudo VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename /path/to/file.vmdk -rawdisk /dev/sda

See https://superuser.com/questions/495025/use-physical-harddisk-in-virtual-box for more details.

If what you're trying to do, is run two individual systems in Virtualbox and on the Flash Drive, and then 'synchronise' the changes back and forth, you can use rsync to synchronise the files, if both systems are running at the same time.
But you can't synchronise all the files, as that'd definitely cause problems unless the two systems are identical, so you will have to settle for something like your home directory for instance. Seeing as you have /home on a separate partition, you can also use my above instructions to make a virtual hard drive that points to that single partition, and mount it with Virtualbox.


can't install anything using apt-get Ubuntu 20.04

There is a leftover of a file, the openvswitch-testcontroller install script wants to save. You can probably simply delete the leftover, but I'd prefer keeping a backup.
So, to move the current file out of the way, run:
sudo mv /etc/openvswitch-testcontroller/cacert.pem{,.bak}

Then try again.


Cannot install chromium or chrome inside 12.04 LTS

If you run in terminal

 sudo apt-get install -f

the browser should install OK.


You have several GUI options:
Telegram Software Center
If you are using Ubuntu 16.04 and up, you can go to Software Center and search for telegram. You should find the following:

Now click on the telegram-desktop package to install it.
You can also go to the terminal and type:
sudo snap install telegram-desktop
Telegram Desktop
Which you can do it 2 ways, either using the PPA way, which you would simply run the following lines:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/telegram
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install telegram

or you would go to the official site and download the tar package from there and untar/uncompress the file either on your HOME folder or in the /opt folder (Whichever you want). Doing it this way you would then need to execute Telegram at least once from within the uncompressed folder.
Telegram SNAP Package
To install Telegram via snap, you can simply do the following:
sudo snap install telegram-desktop

To run, simply open Dash and type Telegram. You will see an option called "Telegram Desktop". If you encounter any issue like Telegram not opening the Desktop version, but instead the Web version, run the following:
snap run telegram-desktop

or
/snap/bin/telegram-desktop

This should make the Telegram Desktop version appear on the Ubuntu Dash.
Telegram Desktop 0.9.18 on Ubuntu 15.10

It works perfectly and integrates well with Ubuntu (Including Unity Launcher and Panel). You can Drag/Drop images, files, videos and more. You can copy/paste text and do everything easily. This PPA is based on the Official Telegram Desktop in https://desktop.telegram.org/
Telegram WebApps (Via PPA)
There is a PPA that can be used to work on Telegram and is based on the Webogram:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:costales/unity-webapps-telegram
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install unity-webapps-telegram

Here it what it looks running on 15.10:

Telegram (Chrome Store)
Another way of using Telegram on your Ubuntu PC is through the Chrome Store and search for Telegram, or click on the Google Store Telegram Link. the app should appear on the App list in the Google chrome as Webogram like such:

In both cases you will only get asked once for your telephone number and a message carrying a 5 digit code will arrive on your phone. You type this code to the Ubuntu app or Chrome app and you are done.
TELEGRAM VERSION DIFFERENCES
                                WebApps | Desktop PPA | Chrome PPA | Official
Unity Integration                     Yes         Yes          Yes        Yes
Auto Updated                          Yes         Yes          Yes        Yes
Can use Telegram Update Feature       No          Yes          No         Yes
Updated Frequently / Faster           No          Yes          No         Yes
Time between Updates                  Weeks       Days        Days     Minutes
Uses Notification System              Yes         Yes          Yes        Yes
Notifies user in Tray Icon            No          Yes          No         Yes
Depends on a Browser                  Yes         No           Yes        No
Easily execute from Launcher/Dash     Yes         Yes          Yes        Yes
Support Drag/Drop                     Yes         Yes          Yes        Yes
Support Video/Img                     Yes         Yes          Yes        Yes
Support URL Links / Opening Browser   Yes         Yes          Yes        Yes
Resource Usage                        Mid         Low          High       Low
Support Download/Upload Files         Yes         Yes          Yes        Yes
Send Audio Recordings on the fly      Yes         Yes          No         Yes
Copy/Paste To/From Clipboard          Yes         Yes          Yes        Yes
Compatible with Latest Ubuntu         No          Yes          Yes        Yes

WebApps PPA -Telegram version using the ppa:costales/unity-webapps-telegram PPA which uses the Unity WebApp Browser (Webogram). Currently works perfectly and integrates with Unity.
Desktop PPA - This is the PPA created by ppa:atareao/telegram. It works perfectly with Ubuntu and even updates itself rather quickly with the latest version. It offers Top Panel tray icon support and notification.
Chrome PPA - It depends on the Chrome Browser since it is used as an Chrome App. It also integrates with Unity but you need to have Chrome opened in order to make it work.
Desktop Official - This is the terminal version which you download and decompress. Simply execute from terminal and you will have it working in no time. It offers a manual update system.
Other Versions

Telegram Web - https://web.telegram.org/
The user only needs to provide their phone number, receive the Telegram 5 digit code on their phone and type it in the website.

Telegram Desktop - https://desktop.telegram.org/
The user needs to download and decompress the file, then run it from the terminal.

How to upgrade Telegram via the Telegram Update option
In order for this to work, you can download the Official Desktop version which includes to files, the Telegram binary and the Updater. Run the updater to get the latest version or click on the Update option inside the Telegram app when an update is available.
Another way that helps affects the Telegram Desktop PPA and it works by executing the Updater binary mentioned above from the Official Desktop version while having the Telegram Desktop PPA installed already. After running the Updater once, any new versions that come out will also affect the Telegram Desktop PPA and you can keep on updating Telegram via the Update option.
How to use, get & contribute to Telegram
Telegram offers several ways to use and contribute to them:

API - https://core.telegram.org/api
Protocol - https://core.telegram.org/mtproto
Telegram App Versions - https://telegram.org/apps
Telegram Android Source Code - https://github.com/DrKLO/Telegram
Telegram Web Source Code - https://github.com/zhukov/webogram
Telegram Desktop Source Code - https://github.com/telegramdesktop/tdesktop

In all cases, you can participate, contribute, file bug reports and ideas. Additional here is what Telegram looks on Lubuntu:


New hardware - system does not boot anymore - how to reset systemd/udev?

Match UUID's...

In terminal...

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak # make a backup
sudo blkid
sudo cat /etc/fstab

For every line output from blkid, compare it to any uncommented line in /etc/fstab, and assure that the UUIDs match the respective /dev/sdxx.

Two swap partitions, and no swap definition in /etc/fstab...

Both sda2 and sdb5 are swap partitions. You only need one. Delete /dev/sda2 and uncomment the sdb5 line in /etc/fstab with gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

Unused disks...

Comment out the lines shown below, with gksudo gedit /etc/fstab...

any NTFS mounts

/dev/scd0       /media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0       0

UUID=64f30a2f-1c38-40e8-8ab2-7f639b9c3673   /mnt/gentooroot reiserfs    user_xattr,acl  0 1

UUID=a448006c-43df-4fbe-be3d-18da22b4e29c   /mnt/gentooroot/home    reiserfs    user_xattr,acl  0 1


VirtualBox installation problem on Ubuntu 20.10

If you have recently received a kernel update, then you may need to reinstall the virtualbox-dkms package:
sudo apt install virtualbox-dkms --reinstall

Once installed, verify the kernel module is active with:
sudo modprobe vboxdrv

Hope this helps.


Try to remove the Google chrome using the command "sudo apt-get remove google-chrome-stable". Once it removed successfully, you can get the chrome directly from "http://google-chrome.en.uptodown.com/ubuntu" here. If you want to remove the configuration,bookmarks,etc of the existing chrome setup run the command "rm ~/.config/google-chrome/ -rf".


How do I roll back to a previous installation of WINE without knowing what that version was?

If your Wine version has been upgraded, you may find packages version detail (upgrade from which version and to which version) inside /var/log/dpkg.log

Depending on when you did the upgrade, look at /var/log/dpkg.log.1 or other gziped /var/log/dpkg.log.X.gz (where X is a number)

For recent logs, you can for example type something like :

grep wine /var/log/dpkg.log* | grep upgrade | less

For older ones you might try :

zgrep wine /var/log/dpkg.log* | grep upgrade | less

Here is the output i am getting for my computer :

/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2017-08-28 11:29:02 upgrade wine1.6-i386:i386 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu14 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu14.2
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2017-08-28 11:29:03 upgrade wine1.6:amd64 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu14 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu14.2
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2017-08-28 11:29:04 upgrade wine1.6-amd64:amd64 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu14 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu14.2
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2017-08-28 11:29:45 upgrade wine:amd64 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu14 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu14.2

Then, at the end of each line, you can see something like this :

wine1.6-i386:i386 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu14 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu14.2

In this example, the upgrade was made from version 1.6.2-0ubuntu14 to version 1.6.2-0ubuntu14.2


How do I remove packages that apt is going to install?

Apt's list of packages includes a notation of whether a package should be installed (install) or not (remove).

This notation is persistent: If a package is marked install, apt will keep trying to install the package until apt succeeds.

Use the apt-mark command to change the list entry.
In this case, try sudo apt-mark remove oracle-java9-installer


Interesting VirtualBox Plex Permissions Issue

If Deluge is creating the files then that is where you need to change the permissions. One solution is to use ACLs, another is to change the umask for the deluge service and add users to the service group.


How to input chinese character in bash console?

There's a terminal emulator program built into the Linux kernel.  It is built over the frame buffer and input event devices, internally, and presents itself to application-mode systems as a series of kernel virtual terminal devices, /dev/tty1 and so forth.  Strictly speaking this is not necessarily your console, which could be a serial terminal device.  But let's skip over that, because answering for that would involve knowing what terminal hardware was at the other end of the serial link.

The terminal emulator program that is built into the Linux kernel does not support input methods.

So to have a non-X11 terminal with input methods you need to run a user-space virtual terminal that uses the frame buffer and input event devices.  They disconnect the in-kernel terminal emulator from those devices, whilst they themselves are using them.

User-space virtual terminal emulators that support input methods include

zhcon (Ubuntu package)
fbterm (Ubuntu package) and its forks such as jfbterm (Ubuntu package)

Further reading

https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/177209/5132
https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/194218/5132


"Your current Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE) is going out of support"

If you did a fresh install of Ubuntu 12.04.4 it means you are using the Saucy kernel, since Ubuntu Saucy ended support two days ago that means your current kernel will drop security support and you will not recieve security updates so you need to do as suggested by the system update.


Albums are not visible in Ubuntu One Music

Well ... "Album Artist" do the trick.
Edit all files to "Various Artists" and all works great :)


There have been problems like this with Windows 7 and 8 for a while. Windows has all sorts of picky requirements when it comes to installing. I had a lot of problems like this in the past, and I think that maybe it had something to do with Windows wanting to be installed on the first partition of the disk. I can't remember exactly, though, because after  a lot of hassle, I just installed Windows on a separate HD.

Is your Windows on a separate partition of the same disk, or is it on a different disk?

If it's on a different disk, you are in luck. Just call up the boot menu when you turn on your PC and boot to that HD instead of the one with Ubuntu on it.


The network adapter on which the capture was being done is no longer running

Your command is wrong and the interface you want to work with is in managed mode. It should be like this(if not in root mode):

sudo airodump-ng mon0

Or if you also want a specific output file.

sudo airodump-ng -w output.txt mon0

Besides, once you have a virtual interface in monitor mode, you can just fire up wireshark and select mon0 and you'll see all the traffic it can capture but it will be encrypted.


How to hide all command output with zsh and bash

zsh:

You can redirect stdout and stderr of any following command to /dev/null by running these two command:

exec >/dev/null
exec 2>/dev/null

Note: This will still show the prompt and anything you type on the command line, but not much else.

bash:

You can redirect stdout and stderr with the following command

exec >/dev/null 2>&1

Note

This will suppress any output, including the prompt and what you type on the command line.
To enable the output again, run

exec >/dev/tty
exec 2>/dev/tty


How to combine two different installation of Ubuntu?

One possible solution is to boot 14.04, copy the files in your 12.04 home folder over to the 14.04 home folder. Organise them as you wish.

Make a backup on an external disk just in case.

Then boot a live USB using the "Try Ubuntu" option.

Next use Gparted to delete the 12.04 partition and enlarge the 14.04 partition. DO NOT REBOOT.

Reinstall grub using boot-repair.

You will have to reinstall any programs you had in 12.04 that you need.


When you use "compiz --replace", you are replacing xfwm4 with compiz. That means the xfwm4 window manager is no longer running. Since greybird is part of xfwm4, it won't run either.


How to upgrade to latest version of Ubuntu software in 20.04

Update the list of available packages and their versions without upgrading them:
sudo apt update

Actually upgrade the installed packages while also removing redundant packages without causing data dependency issues, thanks to the "dist" in the command (which is better in my opinion):
sudo apt dist-upgrade

Make sure that the update-manager-core package is installed:
sudo apt install update-manager-core

Run:
sudo vim /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades

Change the value of Prompt from lts to normal. This is needed because 20.10 is not an LTS.

Upgrade from 20.04 to 20.10 (after upgrading all the packages):
sudo do-release-upgrade


Installing Ubuntu Server 18.04 w/ RAID 1

I have an Intel Server Board S3000AH motherboard. The specification shows that it has only software RAID because I do not have an additional card in it.
I have two 250 GB hard drives and 1 Gb of RAM.


speedtest-cli does not execute when scheduled cron

Same Problem here.
It seams link the Server is overloaded at specific times.
My cron-expression is
"0 /15 * 1/1 * ? *"
so the Job started:
10:00, 10:15, 10:30 ...
I changed the cron-expression to
"0 4/15 * 1/1 * ? *"
so the job starts:
10:04, 10:19, 10:34 ...
Solved the problem for me.
Kind Regards


League of Legends crashes on startup in Ubuntu 14.04

Uninstall the proprietary graphics driver that you are currently using and install the AMDGPU-Pro Stack for Radeon RX 480 graphics, Radeon RX 470 graphics and Radeon RX 460 graphics.

Installation

After the archive is downloaded, extract the contents to a temporary location from which you can install it. The example below assumes you have downloaded the archive to /tmp and will extract it to the same location. If your file was downloaded into the ~/Downloads/ folder by default, you can also extract and install from there, and afterwards you can remove the install files.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
cd /tmp
tar -Jxvf amdgpu-pro_16.30.3-315407.tar.xz

Once the archive is expanded on the local machine, run the included script (amdgpu-pro-install) to install the graphics stack.  During the installation you will be required to provide sudo access, and also to provide two confirmations to:

 1. Install the package
 2. Allow installation of "unverified" packages from the AMDGPU-PRO archive

The script will use the package manager to install the components of the graphics stack, with a short delay during the DKMS (Dynamic Kernel Module Support) installation. From the directory where you extracted the archive, run the following command:

sudo amdgpu-pro-driver/amdgpu-pro-install

Restart your machine to launch using the new graphics stack.

sudo reboot

Ensure that your user account is a member of the "video" group prior to using the Vulkan driver. You can find which groups you are a member of with the following command:

groups

To add yourself to the video group use the following command:

compgen -g | grep video # (optional) verify that video group exists
sudo usermod -a -G video $LOGNAME

Log out and in again to activate this change.


Swapping old laptop ssd with ubuntu into a new laptop

Check your device priority in your bios and if it's configured to UEFI. If it still doesen't work, try repairing your GRUB. You can use an Ubuntu installation disc or USB drive to do this. Boot into the USB drive and use the the Linux system to repair GRUB.


Customizing terminal not affecting after restart through ~/.profile

Setting PS1 and defining aliases (and functions) should be done in .bashrc since this file is read at the start of every interactive non-login shell.

.profile is only read at the start of a login shell and should really only be used to set to set environment variables and other settings that should be inherited by child processes launched by the shell.

For more information, see Section 6.2 of the Bash manual, Bash Startup Files.

To ensure that the Bash-specific settings are also set for login shells, the
default .profile for Ubuntu contains the following lines:

# if running bash
if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
    # include .bashrc if it exists
    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
    . "$HOME/.bashrc"
    fi
fi

See also: this excellent answer to the Difference between Login Shell and Non-Login Shell?


Why is running Wine with sudo dangerous?

Here is the explanation from the official Wine FAQ:

6.2 Should I run Wine as root?
NEVER run Wine as root! Doing so gives Windows programs (and viruses) full access to your computer and every piece of media attached to it. Running with sudo also has these same risks but with the added bonus of breaking the permissions on your ~/.wine folder in the process. If you have run Wine with sudo you need to fix the permission errors as described in the next question, and then run winecfg to set Wine up again. You should always run Wine as the normal user you use to login.
For Linux systems, all ideas that Wine needs root can be solved through Posix Capabilities or Posix File Capabilities or correcting other security settings.
As far as Windows programs are concerned, you are running with administrator privileges. If an application complains about a lack of administrator privileges, file a bug; running Wine as root probably won't help.


How to properly install nautilus-script-collection-svn?

Got figured that out.

  nautilus-script-manager enable Subversion

Will accept this answer ASAP


Create a folder shortcut in ubuntu 17.04

Perhaps your nautilus preferences isn't setup, do so with these steps:

Open nautilus and place your cursor at the top to see files menu.
Click on files and select preferences option
Go to Behavior --> Link Creation. There make sure the Show action to create symbolic links is checked
Close that dialog box and try to create that link again.


Support for new Intel processors always takes some time, but I'd say your best bet would be to try installing the latest kernel from the deb packages at http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.8.7/
and you will need the kbl_dmc firmware from Intel Graphics 01 project. Download the tar.bz2 from https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/kabylake-dmc-1.0


HP 7 Plus with Android 4.2.2 not detected on Ubuntu 14.04.1

In settings of the tablet:

"USB computer connection":
We have the choice between Media device (MTP) Or Camera (PTP).

MTP is only for Windows and Mac.
PTP is for computers that don't support MTP.

So, on Linux I cannot transfer anything else than photos that too
when PTP is enabled.


trying to run sudo apache2ctl restart installing koha

Koha is packaged for Debian and Ubuntu, so I suggest installing it by following the instructions here:

http://wiki.koha-community.org/wiki/Koha_on_ubuntu_-_packages

After the package is installed, you can use the koha-create to set up a Koha database, which includes create an Apache virtualhost configuration for that database.

The fact that strings like __WEBSERVER_PORT_LIBRARIAN__ appear in your Apache configuration suggest that you had tried installing Koha from a tarball or git checkout.  During the installation process, Koha's installer creates an Apache configuration file to put in /etc/apache2/sites-available by taking a template file and substituting in values that you supplied when you ran Makefile.PL.  However, it appears that you put the template into /etc/apache2/sites-available, not the generated Apache configuration file.


Please try what @heemayl said, use full path within your test.sh:

/sbin/ifconfig >/home/myname/ipt

Explanation

On command prompt and running scripts, you are doing so as your user which has certain capabilities, such as

having $PATH variable include /sbin/ to be able to "know" whenever asking for ifconfig refers to /sbin/ifconfig

Cron however is not the same exact user as you

thus when cron tries to run, it doesn't know where ifconfig is
unless of course, you specify exactly where: /sbin/ifconfig

The effect of not knowing where a program is, you can test for yourself, try running a program that does not exist on your command prompt:

$ doesnotexist > ipt2
bash: doesnotexist: command not found

Notice when you:

$ ls -lh ipt2
-rw-r--r-- 1 youruser youruser 0 Dec 17 14:48 ipt2

It is a

0 byte file
read-only

This is exactly the same result you originally found with crontab, where it did not know what ifconfig is, resulting in making a 0 byte, mostly read-only file.

So in cron, help it find the program by just giving it the full path, and as long as you have no permission issues, it should work.


X11 doesn't show windows edges, task bar nor anything

Firat try:

sudo updatedb

If not working then try using metacity

sudo apt-get install metacity
metacity --replace&


My main hard drive on ubuntu has no free space left

Hi it may be obvious but have you cleaned out your old images? The old superseded ones do stick around and they do take up space.
Fire up synaptic and search for "linux-image" and click on installed. If you have a loooooong list of images with ascending numbers you need to delete all but the ones with numbers lower than the last two with the highest number.
It was this that forced me to re-install before I got Ubuntu Tweak; http://www.ubuntugeek.com/howto-tweak-ubuntu.html which does this is a more noob friendly GUI sort of way.


These Gnome Runtimes you see are installed Snap packages of Gnome runtime files. If needed, you can read here what Snap is about.

Is it OK to remove the oldest one? Fact is, you won't be breaking your system at all. Only, you may then also cause the removal of one or more Snap applications that are using these runtimes. Anyway, even that does not really harm. If at some time you find yourself missing some application, just install it again. That will also automatically bring the needed runtime in (again).


Why can I only access the guest session in Ubuntu?

Getting access when you know your username & password

Login to tty when the login screen pops up (CTL ALT F1)

Login by typing the correct username and password.

Go back to desktop by using (ctl alt f7)

Now go into

settings -> users -> add user

Add an admin account. Then remove guest login options.

Troubleshooting

To list all users you can use:

cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd

To add a new user you can use:

sudo adduser new_username

or:

sudo useradd new_username

If you can't login to any account previous known or listed you must  Reset your administrative login.


Please open up a terminal and ....

Update your package index

sudo apt update

Search for packages containing a string

apt search mahjongg

As a result you should get a list of all packages which name or description match your searchstring (here: mahjongg)

Install packages by name

sudo apt install mahjongg

This will install the package mahjongg and all its needed dependencies.

In Short

In this example you would need only the last command (edit: and possibly the first) - as we already know the name of the package. I added the other 2 commands to offer some more information and help you in general.


How to run a cron for specific time interval with 5 minutes interval

You'll need two schedules:

*/5 2-5 * * */your/job

and

0 6 * * */your/job


forward slash to search in evince removed with upgrade to 14.04

This answer proposes a solution, by setting the dconf property dconf>org>gnome>desktop>interface>can-change-accels to true, hovering over the menu item, and typing a new shortcut.

But it doesn't work for everyone, myself included.


An email client called geary is in an early state of development, but provides most of the features that you want. It is explicitly designed around gmail support and the conversation view style and implements features such as starring messages and labels, but search is limited to the message headers and not the full text until version 0.3.

It may not be quite ready for your purposes, but it is worth keeping in mind, as it closely resembles the gmail way of conversation style organisation, which is in contrast to how Thunderbird deals with mail. In geary, like in gmail, related emails are viewed as one conversation; i.e. when one mail is opened, the replies and other related mails to it are also shown. For more general information, please see the wiki mentioned or the help pages here.

The screenshot below is from the latest compiled version (0.2.2), but I will update it in the future as geary develops.

You can either compile it from source or install the ppa, while also noting the information here regarding ppas:

Note: at the current time this ppa is only for Precise (12.04) and earlier Ubuntu versions; geary 0.21 is in the Quantal repositories, but it will be necessary to compile if you want later versions than 0.21 on Quantal.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install geary


Installed 16.04 server on my laptop. How can convert it to a desktop

You can install the Xorg server by typing (as root): apt-get install xorg

This will only install Xorg though.  It will not install a complete DE.  If you want to install a complete DE, choose one of the available ubuntu variants without installing xorg manually:

apt-get install ubuntu-desktop or

apt-get install xubuntu-desktop or

apt-get install kubuntu-desktop  etc.

I would not install more than one of them though because there are several posts on help forums about systems that have started having problems after the user installed more than one DE.  This is not always the case though.  It's all up to you.


How to adjust spacing and number formatting in a youtube-dl output template?

Your command:

youtube-dl LinkOfVideo -o S0%(season_number)s-0%(episode_number)s-%(episode)s.%(ext)s

can be changed to:

youtube-dl LinkOfVideo -o 'S%(season_number)s - %(episode_number)s - %(episode)s - ID.%(ext)s'

Note that the format is %(variable_name)s and any other additions to that will be yours to make. So remove the 0 and add the spaces you need to get that output.


Will Wubi work on a Truecrypt Full Disk Encryption Windows partition?

Sorry, not possible with Full Disk Encryption
It will not cause any issues...until after you select the "Wubi" entry on the boot menu. Wubi will not boot, complaining about a missing root.disk.
This happens because Wubi-Ubuntu does not have the Truecrypt driver necessary to access the underlying encrypted NTFS disk (which contains its root.disk).


Steam 64-bit no longer in Ubuntu Software Centre or App Repository

As per the official repository of steam for Ubuntu, it is available only for precise (Ubuntu 12.04). However, you can still download the .deb file.


How do you install hub (git wrapper) on Ubuntu with autocomplete and man documentation working?

You can use this PPA to install hub as a package:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cpick/hub
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install hub


Triple Monitor Setup with Nvidia and Compiz

If only have two monitors linked on twinview, but I use to have similar problems with the compiz defaults. Here's how I solved it, and I think it should work for you:

Install CompizConfig Settings Manager sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager and run it using ccsm.

In the list of options find Place Windows in the Window Management section.

Change the Placement Mode to Smart and the Multi Output Mode to Place across all outputs.


Computer boots to GNU Grub after every restart

Possibly you have two or more hard disks in the PC and Bios has the other one as first disk. Please change that priority in bios OR interchange the sata data cable of the hdds.
or
Grub is not properly installed. Install grub (if Ubuntu is installed on partition sda)

sudo grub-install /dev/sda
sudo update-grub2

Reboot.


How to add music to an image with mencoder

It's because the default FPS is set to 30, so mencoder expects 30 images per second -- you have to tell mencoder to use one image for whole record, so you have to set FPS to 1/"duration".

Add this options:

-fps 1/132.8 -ofps 30

where 132.8 is duration (in seconds) of your audio.

So result should look like this:

mencoder mf://image.jpg -o out.avi \
        -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg -audiofile music.mp3 \
        -oac copy -fps 1/132.8 -ofps 30


How to install mod_authz_host in Apache?

Your problem is not that mod_authnz_host isn't installed or loaded, but that you put these directives in the wrong place. They are only valid in <Location ...> or <Directory ...> blocks like this:

<Location />
    Order deny,allow
    Deny from all
    Allow from dev.example.com
</Location>


The gnome shell extension called gnome-shell-extension-system-monitor can put a real-time graph into the top panel.
You need to install the Gnome Tweaks app along with the extension:
sudo apt install gnome-tweaks gnome-shell-extension-system-monitor

The newly installed Tweaks app will offer a user interface for managing shell extensions.
Shell extensions need to be enabled in general (look for the "Extensions" tab in the Tweaks app window), and then the "System Monitor" can be enabled in the list of extensions.
It's highly configurable. Maybe the "Disks" graph is not enabled by default, but via the preferences, it can be enabled.
To take full effect, might need logging out and back in.


The error message you got is because you included the /64 after the address. It's the prefix length used to know which IP addresses are in the network segment directly attached to that interface. It's not part of the IP address and shouldn't be passed to commands like ssh.

If you remove /64, you will no longer get that error message.

kasperd@alpha:~$ ssh 2001:db8::1/64
ssh: Could not resolve hostname 2001:db8::1/64: Name or service not known
kasperd@alpha:~$ ssh 2001:db8::1
kasperd@beta:~$

Specifying an interface to use is only needed if the address is a link-local address.

kasperd@alpha:~$ ssh fe80::200:5eff:fe00:53cf/64
ssh: Could not resolve hostname fe80::200:5eff:fe00:53cf/64: Name or service not known
kasperd@alpha:~$ ssh fe80::200:5eff:fe00:53cf
ssh: connect to host fe80::200:5eff:fe00:53cf port 22: Invalid argument
kasperd@alpha:~$ ssh fe80::200:5eff:fe00:53cf%eth0
kasperd@beta:~$


Live USB boots to black screen after grub menu

As you were not able to complete the installation process. Try reinstalling it by USB, grub won't work as the OS is currently not installed.


How can I connect to a Windows (7) running in VirtualBox from the network with RDP?

here 127.0.0.1 will not connect your virtual guest system. Apply Bridge and find guest's Ip address ( windows 7 ip address) by ipconfig or network settings. Then after try that ip to connect using Remmina.It will 100% work.


false command ("dc" instead of "cd") - what did it do?

You haven't done anything bad.
If you type man dc, you will see the manual pages for the dc command.  It's just "an arbitrary precision calculator".
It can accept commands from a file and, since you didn't provide one, it didn't do anything useful.  Indeed, in the future, you can use the man command to see if there is a manual for that command.  Also, you can type which dc, so that you can find out where this dc command actually is.
Most commands (not all) will support --help or -h as well, to provide you with some information about the command.


Moodle - Ubuntu configuration for links on 12.04 - 32 bit

You didn't say how you installed moodle, this is important to know. From the looks of it, you used an Ubuntu package, when you install it asks you for the "URL for the Moodle site", which defaults to http://localhost/moodle. This maps to Moodle's $CFG->wwwroot setting, and you'd need to adjust it to have a URL with your server's actual IP address or, better yet, fully-qualified domain name.

There are two main ways to do this:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure moodle will run Moodle's basic setup process again and ask you for the URL. Remember to say "NO" when it asks you to reconfigure the database, otherwise it will destroy any changes you made.
Manually edit /etc/moodle/config.php and change $CFG->wwwroot. The file is owned by the root user so you need to use sudo to invoke your preferred text editor.


For security reasons Linux ignores the SUID bit for shell scripts. See for example http://www.faqs.org/faqs/unix-faq/faq/part4/section-7.html for some reasons.
So your shell script doesn't run as root and isn't allowed to open the text file.


Disable "Could not switch the monitor configuration"

For fix this problem, use: sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg

Reference: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1227071&p=7704699#post7704699


How to cancel an installation in the Software Center?

I assume this is what you are talking about?

Near the top of the Software Center is a bar with "All Software, Installed, and History"
When you have a install working, there is also an In progress to the right of History

Click on the In Progress tab and you will see Matlab with the progress bar, next to the progress bar will be an X if you click the X it will cancel the install.

If you have already installed it, you can not cancel it but you can completely remove it from your system. The easiest way to get rid of it completely would be in a terminal, enter this command

sudo apt-get purge matlab-support


Upgraded from 16.04 to 18.04 - no change in desktop environment

When I was prompted during the installation to choose a display manager, I chose the default (LightDM) instead of GDM, so I didn't have the the option on the login screen to start Ubuntu or Ubuntu on Wayland.

After switching to GDM and booting the system, at the GDM login screen a cogwheel (⚙) next to the sign in button can be found. Clicking on the cogwheel  should give an "Ubuntu" (and also an "Ubuntu on Wayland" option). This option logs into a default GNOME session instead of a Unity session.


How to define where Banshee stores the music in Android devices?

Create a .is_audio_player file inside the root directory of the Mass Storage Device — my phone.

Then you need to add a few lines into the file:

audio_folders=My Music/
folder_depth=2
output_formats=audio/mpeg,audio/mp3,audio/x-aac

From here.

I changed mpeg to flac


Can't boot from USB drive after copying iso with dd

Cloning needs no preparation

If you clone from a hybrid iso file to a USB drive, everything relevant will be overwritten, so wiping and formatting will make no difference (except maybe making the final cloning faster, but the total time and effort will increase).

dd deserves the nicknames 'disk destroyer' and 'data destroyer'

Cloning with dd produces a reliable result, if you do it correctly,

sudo dd if=/path/file.iso of=/dev/sdx bs=4096

where x is the drive letter. But dd does what you tell it to do without questions. If you tell it to wipe the family pictures ... and it is a minor typing error away.

Tools with a final checkpoint

So I would recommend that you use a tool with a final checkpoint, that gives you a chance to double-check that you will install the live system to the correct drive.

Two such tools come with Ubuntu,

The Startup Disk Creator (in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and newer versions; older versions come with an old and buggy version, that you should avoid),
Disks alias gnome-disks.

You can install mkusb from its PPA.

The standard function is to clone from an iso file or [compressed] image file,
but it can also wipe a drive,
restore a drive from an 'install device' to a 'standard storage device' (with an MSDOS partition table and partition with a FAT32 file system),
create Windows install drives and
create persistent live drives with Ubuntu and Debian.

If cloning does not work

Most modern linux distros provide iso files treated with isohybrid, which make them hybrid iso files. Such iso files can be used to

burn CD/DVD disks that are bootable
clone USB drives and memory cards that are bootable

But some iso files are not hybrid iso files, for example Windows iso files and Knoppix iso files. These iso files must be extracted and special care must be taken to make the target drive bootable. (You can treat a Knoppix iso file with isohybrid, but it does not work with Windows iso files.)

There are several extracting tools, for example Rufus, which is the officially recommended tool to install Ubuntu from Windows.


How to get files back from duplicity files?

Déjà Dup uses an opaque format for files stored in our backup location. So we have to use Déjà Dup or another duplicity-based tool to restore our files. This is opposed to a native format where we can browse and examine our files using any normal file tool.

To restore the files:

Open Backups from the System Settings.
You should see the restore option here.
Point to your back up folder and select the date from which the restore has to begin. Thats it. It should work then.


You can turn wireless off in Network Manager command-line

nmcli nm wifi off


Visual CPU Indicator for Trusty Tahr (with dual/multi-core support)?

sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload

EDIT

The indicator itself will not show a bar per CPU. If you click on it though you can open gnome-system-monitor which has tab "Resources" where you can see a running per-cpu graph.


Ubuntu server and ubuntu with netbeans remote connection: upload permission denied

thank you very much. It amazes me that I didn't think of that before. I changed the owner and group of the project on the webserver to the one I have on my local drive for that project. sudo chown -R username:group directory. Worked like a charm. Thanks!


Code to send the contents of a text file into a terminal window

Storing passwords is generally wrong. Logging in through ssh storing the user's password in ~/.bashrc (and / or in the commands' history) is not safe for obvious reasons; one might use ssh keys instead, as suggested in the comments by lemonslice.

However if this is the path you want to follow, just pipe the password to the ssh command; using echo with the -e option will escape escape sequences such as \n allowing you to fake the Return key hit and to even go through multiple prompts:

echo -ne 'password\n' | ssh user@host

user@debian ~ % echo -ne 'password1\n' | ssh user@localhost
Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.
user@localhost's password:

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
zsh: command not found: password1
user@debian ~ % echo -ne 'password1\npassword2\npassword3\n' | ssh user@localhost
Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.
user@localhost's password:

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
zsh: command not found: password1
zsh: command not found: password2
zsh: command not found: password3


Giving myself the folder and file permissions I need in Ubuntu 16.04 using Nautilus with recursive file / folder permissions

I don't know the GUI but in the terminal it would be one line sudo chown -R <User> /path/to/folder where the -R is for "recursive".

Anyway there is a possibility in nautilus ...well this is a veeery old one but maybe it helps you having a look at this post


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, no sound from front jack, weird volume behavior

If "PulseAudio volume control" is not installed, install it with this command sudo apt-get install pavucontrol. And then on the Output Devices Tab, you can change options.


How to import outlook express mails into thunderbird mail client?

Install Thunderbird on a windows machine, and go to Tools menu, choose Tools --> import.  When the window opens choose mail, and then pick outlook express.  Repeat for other items.


Based on the sample you have given, the simplest option would be to anchor the expression to the start of a line:

grep '^z=' note

Alternatively, you could match only after a word boundary:

grep '\bz=` note

See Start of String and End of String Anchors and Word Boundaries


Unable to log in on a single boot Ubuntu sysytem

Your system disk is being mounted as read-only. This usually occurs when it's found severe errors, and wants to protect the system.

Lets first check your file system for errors.

To check the file system on your Ubuntu partition...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

If for some reason you can't do the above...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start gparted and determine which /dev/sdaX is your Ubuntu EXT4 partition
quit gparted
open a terminal window
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdaX # replacing X with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot


Accidentally removed ubuntu-desktop and Unity when removing compiz, how do I get them back?

Login into virtual console (ctrl+alt+F1) during the black screen appears,then run the below commands,

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install unity

After that run the below command to restart your pc,

sudo shutdown -r now


error installing python wrapper for openkinect

you can do it by running this command

sudo apt-get install python-dev


How do I delete everything in /var/mail/username from the command line?

If you want to delete all the messages, you can simply truncate the mailbox file for a user with the following command:

> /var/mail/username

(the greater than sign is not a prompt: you are in effect redirecting the output of nothing to the file, which will truncate it).


How can I change location of login dialog in GDM?

If you want to change stuff at your login screen, I find it easiest to do like this:

Log out

Press ctrl+alt+F1

log in with your username and password

Run the following commands

export DISPLAY=:0.0
sudo -u gdm gnome-terminal

Press ctrl+alt+F8

Use the terminal there. For example gnome-appearance-properties.


How to open multiple instances of the bash Terminal?

There is absolutely nothing in Ubuntu that restricts you to opening only one terminal window. At the moment I have anout 30 terminal windows open :)


Why don't we need to start Apache server on Ubuntu as in Windows?

Linux in general, so Ubuntu too, has directories where you can put scripts that start/stop/restart/reload a service (or whatever action this service can provide): /etc/init.d/ (=old but still used very often).

  /etc/init.d is where all the traditional sysvinit scripts and the backward compatible scripts for upstart live. The backward compatible scripts basically run service myservice start instead of doing anything themselves. Some just show a notice to use the service command.

/etc/init.d$ ls
apache2             glibc.sh               mysql          screen-cleanup
apparmor            halt                   mysql-ndb      sendsigs
...

As an example, the start of the apache2 script (all the others will be similar in style):

$ more apache2
#!/bin/sh -e
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          apache2
# Required-Start:    $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start/stop apache2 web server
### END INIT INFO
#
# apache2               This init.d script is used to start apache2.
#                       It basically just calls apache2ctl.

ENV="env -i LANG=C PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"

...

There is also /etc/init (=upstart):

  /etc/init is where the upstart init configs live. While they are not scripts themselves, they essentially execute whatever is required to replace sysvinit scripts.

cups - CUPS Printing spooler and server

description     "CUPS printing spooler/server"
author          "Michael Sweet <msweet@apple.com>"

start on (filesystem
          and (started dbus or runlevel [2345]))
stop on runlevel [016]

respawn
respawn limit 3 12

So basically inside these scripts/configuration it is stated what other service needs to be started before this service can be started and what service needs to have stopped before this service can be stopped.

  Does Apache start as we start Ubuntu (i.e., it always runs in the background) or does it start when we open localhost?

When you install a service like apache (or mysql (databaseserver) or cups (print server)) it generally also includes a startup script AND this is also activated (since the assumption is: if installed you want it running).

So the answer is: it is always running and not started when you access an URL (ie. http://localhost).

It is by the way also possible to stop a service, remove the auto-start from /etc/init.d/ and manually start that service.

There are 2 session managers that take care of this: old Ubuntu (ie. <15.10) uses upstart. New Ubuntu (>15.10) uses systemd.

Upstart would be service start apache2 or service stop apache2.
Systemd would be systemctl start apache2 or systemctl start apache2 but also supports the method Upstart uses on Debian/Ubuntu systems.


linux-signed source  depends on linux binaries, may be it just repackage them:

linux-signed_4.4.0-22.40.dsc or its debian/control

Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9), lsb-release, python3, python3-apt,
sbsigntool, linux-image-4.4.0-22-generic (>= 4.4.0-22.40),
linux-image-4.4.0-22-lowlatency (>= 4.4.0-22.40)

(I broke the line just for readable format)
How it is created?

Check its debian/rules, it just download them already signed from somewhere.

Could this be helpful: SecureBoot


Debian package builds in my computer, but fails to build in Launchpad and pbuilder - "msgfmt: cannot locate ITS rules"

The missing build dependency was appstream (not libappstream-glib-dev)
Thanks to Colin Watson, who provided this information in Launchpad.


I had the same problem, but with libnss3, libnss3-nssdb and libnss3-1d. I had installed some packages in the libnss3 family, but not all, and they appear to be interdependent on each other. In other words, I had some version mismatch and was stuck.

apt couldn't do anything because of unmet dependencies, so the guides suggesting ppa-purge, or downgrading from apt-cache using Synaptic (which I don't have installed) didn't help much. Some of the solutions I did find would mean that roughly 100 packages, including everything Java-related, every browser, almost everything related to GUI, would be removed.

Here's what I did in the end. It might break your system even more, so proceed with caution and at your own risk!

I found the correct packages (the version I had installed prior to the debacle) on Launchpad, downloaded them, and installed the packages using

sudo dpkg -i <package>

Using sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get -f install I confirmed that apt works as expected again.


Try running a sudo apt-get install software-center from a terminal to upgrade your version of software-center. Possibly there is a new version already that fixes this error.

If that does not help, try running sudo software-center from a terminal and check the terminal output for any clues why it is not starting and possibly post the relevant output back here again.


Shell In A Box - Session closed when trying to login

Edit the /etc/default/shellinabox file using:
sudo vi /etc/default/shellinabox

and change the last line as:
--service=/:SSH:{remote_host}:{SSH_port}

Problem is solved!!!


How to interpolate a variable immediately after a `$` or `\$` in the bash prompt?

Since you've used double quotes when setting PS1, the variable substitution is evaluated at the point where you assign to the variable.  So you've ended up setting PS1 to \u$hello.  The shell expands variables before displaying the prompt, and since you don't have any variable called hello, that part of the prompt expands to the empty string.

If you set PS1 using single quotes, the variable substitution will not be performed at that point.  This will cause the $var part to be evaluated when the prompt is shown though, which means it won't pick up the local variable you've defined in your shell function.

The third option that should work with a local variable from a shell function is to escape the meta-characters:

PS1="\u\\\$$var"

This should result in PS1 being set to \u\$hello.  The end of the prompt will not change when the variable var changes in this case.


Redirecting output from an Oracle console application in a named pipe

One approach you could take is to make use of the SPOOL command in your SQL interpreter.

So, start your named pipe as you were already doing so:

mkfifo sqlconsole
tail -f sqlconsole | /opt/sqlcl/bin/sql /nolog

Next, make your SQL script, but this time enabling serveroutput and also spooling to a specified file. In this example, I will just do it to out.txt.

conn hr/hr@example.com/xe
SPOOL out.txt
select * from dual;

set serveroutput on

exec dbms_output.put_line('PROCESS_FINISHED');

SPOOL OFF
disconnect

Here, I've also opted to print a string to the spooled file - PROCESS_FINISHED - as a way to flag when the script has finished, since the SQL script and bash script will be running side by side, with the bash script likely to complete before the script has finished.

With that, then I can make a bash script (atomRunner.sh) to send it to the named pipe:

#!/bin/bash
> out.txt
cat connect.sql > sqlconsole
MAX_TIME=10
scriptStart=$(date -u +"%s")
secondsSince=0

while true; do

    if [[ "${secondsSince}" -ge "${MAX_TIME}" ]] || grep -q "PROCESS_FINISHED" out.txt; then
        break
    fi
    nowDate=$(date -u +"%s")
    secondsSince=$((nowDate-scriptStart))
    sleep 0.1
done

cat out.txt

if [[ "${secondsSince}" -ge "${MAX_TIME}" ]]; then
    echo "Script took longer than expected to complete" >&2
    exit 1
fi

exit 0

Then running:

$ ./atomRunner.sh

SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> select * from dual;

D
-
X
SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line('PROCESS_FINISHED')
PROCESS_FINISHED

SQL> SPOOL OFF


How to share a FAT32 partition between Ubuntu 18 and vbox Windows 7

Welcome,

this technique is called: "raw partition support" and you can find an excellent explanation in the Virtualbox manual chapter "9.9 Advanced storage configuration"

Preliminary i'll presume that you know (for read and write from your Linux host):
how to

mount and unmount at your will the FAT32 partition (/dev/sda2) on your Linux host, and eventualy
how to add a line in the /etc/fstab file to mount your FAT32 partition,

Your virtual machine is called "Windows 7", and

you only have 1 virtual disk attached to "Windows 7".

For accomplish the task you could type some commands like this (adapt to your needs!!):

$ sudo VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename /path/to/file_of_the_fat32_partion.vmdk -rawdisk /dev/sda -partitions 2

$ sudo VBoxManage storageattach "Windows 7" --storagectl "SATA" --port 1 --device 0 --type hdd --medium /path/to/file_of_the_fat32_partion.vmdk -rawdisk /dev/sda -partitions 2

The first command creates the

  "...special VMDK image file which defines where the data will be
  stored..."

The second command attachs the

  "...newly created image ..."

to your "Windows 7" virtual machine.

(I'm quoting chapter 9.9.1. from the Virtualbox User Manual).

Then you can start you "Windows 7" virtual machine and you will find the new partition (dev/sda2) surely over the letter D:  (Note: It is possible that windows will ask you to restart the OS system after have finded the new partition).

To find out the name of your virtual machine this is the command to launch:

$ sudo VBoxManage list vms

To find out the parameters of: --storagectl "SATA"  and --port 1 and --device 0

This command is helpfull (for the virtual machine "Windows 7" and you should adapt to your needs):

$ sudo VBoxManage showvminfo "Windows 7" | grep SATA

and you will see some like this:

Storage Controller Name (0)   SATA
SATA (0, 0): /path/to/your_actual_windows_7_virtual_machine_already_working.vdi (UIDD:....)
SATA (1, 0): Empty

Note that "SATA (1, 0): Empty" is where you will go to attach the partition (port 1, device 0) = --storagectl "SATA"and--port 1and--device 0

The other technique you should try first is to:
- mount /dev/sda2 in some place on your Linux host (/mnt/diskFAT32 for example), and then with the Virtualbox Manager GUI on shared folders section just add a share of /mnt/diskFAT32 with automount and read/write permitions on it. This is, for me, the safest mode to start to "play" with a partition of your Linux host on the virtual machine "Windows 7".

I hope this could help you.


Installation problem. "[Errno 30] Read-only file system: '/target/tmp'"

Sounds like exactly what it says on the tin: you probably have a dodgy hard drive.  Or you might have done something interesting during the partitioning stage - did you manage disk partitioning manually, or did you tell the installer to use the whole drive, or...?


I figured it out :)
It's a service related to "ofono" package.
Reference: https://ubuntu.pkgs.org/20.10/ubuntu-universe-armhf/ofono_1.31-3ubuntu1_armhf.deb.html


How to make virtual interface ping to a host in the network

You make mistake

not

sudo ifconfig eth10 192.168.1.150

you must add network mask

sudo ifconfig eth10 192.168.1.150 netmask 255.255.255.0


How to schedule emails with varying content?

Yes, it's possible to install an SMTP send connector on your Microsoft Exchange server and then it's just a question of:

configuring sendmail
adding the following line to your cron script:

mutt -s "query report" -a /home/me/pdfs/query.pdf me-group@HiThere.com < /home/me/mail/query-report-body.txt

where:

-s subject is the subject of the message. (query report in the example above)
-a file is the attached report file to your message. (example taken from your comment)
me-group@HiThere.com is the SMTP address of the Exchange group you're sending the mail to.
query-report-body.txt is the text file containing the body message of your report.


How To Clone Entire HD With Multiple OSes to SSD

Since you're going from a smaller disk drive, to a larger disk drive, I can safely say that Clonezilla is the tool of choice. Download a Ubuntu-based copy from http://clonezilla.org/downloads/download.php?branch=alternative and burn it to a CD/DVD/USB, and boot to it.

Their main page at http://clonezilla.org can give you more details about the program.

When you're done, 1/2 of the new disk will be unallocated space, and you can create whatever partition(s) you'd like.

When you're done, use sudo fdisk -l, or sudo parted /dev/sda and use the align-check command, to assure that your partitions are properly aligned, or you'll suffer performance issues. For more information on these commands, type man fdisk or man parted.


I have an older Pentium IV myself, with 1GB RAM, from my experience, it's not so much about memory but about the processor. Linux is very respectful about RAM memory usage and besides you can always create a swap partition, so in the end it comes down to the processing power of your PC. If you have at least a dual-core, Ubuntu will work just fine, as long as you don't open too much applications or webpages filled with flash advertisements and banners at same time and as other people said, change to Unity 2D. If you want to be really sure to have a system running smoothly, I strongly recommend Lubuntu, based on Ubuntu 12.04 with lightweight LXDE interface, however it is not LTS (Long term Support), meaning that it will not be supported when 12.10 version arrives. Try Ubuntu first in a Live-USB environment and then check if your system runs fine with it.


Does TP-Link TD-W8968 has print support for ubuntu

No, it does not support linux distribution for print server.

Ps. I have one of this and i run ubuntu.


How can I build a desktop rig with awareness of Linux driver support?

Laptops have more exotic hardware by nature & unless Ubuntu Certified, can be a gamble. Tower setups fare better especially if you stick to Intel hardware. You can always try System 76, otherwise Google is your friend.


Is QML the only way to create apps in Ubuntu for tablets?

We are encouraging the use of QML and HTML5, but if you want to make your C code compile across different hardware there isn't anything that should stop you.


What is the matter with wine 1.6 in PPA:ubuntu-wine/ppa?

stemberk's post in ubuntuforums.org has a solution for those who attempted the installation:

sudo apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-overwrite" -f install

This command will force the failed installation of wine to resume, with ignoring any conflicts.
According to launchpad.net the bugfix is underway. Hopefully they fix it soon...

EDIT: It appears that the fixed package is released, but if you already installed wine1.6 using any workarounds, I'll recommend you to uninstall wine at least once (sudo apt-get remove wine1.6) then install it nomally (sudo apt-get install wine1.6), otherwise any further attempts to upgrade wine will fail.


Comprehensive list of Czech words in ubuntu /usr/share/dict

Czech dictionary for myspell (myspell-cs) and Czech dictionary for GNU Aspell (aspell-cs) can be installed from the default repositories in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu. To install one or the other Czech dictionary package run either sudo apt install myspell-cs or sudo apt install aspell-cs

There is a list of 166,566 Czech words at: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/titoBouzout/Dictionaries/master/Czech.dic. This list contains words only and does not include the definitions of the words in the list.


Ethernet Interface does not show after fresh installation of Ubuntu 20.04

By accident I found that resetting my bios solved my problem. To be honest I don't know why exactly it helps as I didn't change much but anyway now I can access the internet directly after the first boot without any problems (and without reboot). Maybe it helps someone with a similar issue.


Try the following...

# cat /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto p4p1
iface p4p1 inet static
  hwaddress 10:bf:48:40:ba:c3
  metric 100
  address 192.168.0.120
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 192.168.0.1
  network 192.168.0.0
  dns-nameservers 192.168.0.170  192.168.0.171

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
  hwaddress 00:15:17:ba:ee:72
  metric 200
  address 192.168.0.150
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 192.168.0.1
  network 192.168.0.0
  dns-nameservers 192.168.0.170  192.168.0.171

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
  hwaddress 00:15:17:ba:ee:73
  metric 300
  address 192.168.0.151
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 192.168.0.1
  network 192.168.0.0
  dns-nameservers 192.168.0.170  192.168.0.171


Finally I managed to get it worked. There are two ways to fix it.

Upgrade your ubuntu to 12.10, as it does has updated driver to support the Device ID and type.
Download the compact driver pack, compile install the wifi driver if you are running 12.04 LTS. To do that
a) Install all development packages

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential
wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/backports/2012/12/19/<latest-one>.bz2
./scripts/driver-select ath9k
make
make install
exit
reboot

It should fix it. In my case upgrading the distro take a toll on my resolution. I am using a Mini PC as already mentioned now I guess I have wrestle with the X11 conf to get back my display.


VSCode installed with Anaconda on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS does not open, permission denied error

I fixed it like this:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall overlay-scrollbar-gtk2
sudo apt install libcanberra-gtk-module libcanberra-gtk3-module

and for permission:

sudo chown -R mohsen74x:staff /home/mohsen74x/.config/Code

this solved my problem.


Can't boot up Windows 10 after I installed Ubuntu

Give this a shot:

On a terminal type sudo update-grub. You should see something like: "windows detected". Restart, and hopefully when Ubuntu boots, you will see a menu to choose in which OS you want to boot.

If this doesn't work check out boot-repair.

Hope it helped


How do I remove special characters from file name with a command?

First, you need to install rename:

sudo apt install rename

Then, cd to the directory containing the files and test by running the following command:

rename -n 's/^(¡|¿)(.+)\.mp4$/$2.mp4/' *

If you are satisfied with the output, rename the files by running the following command:

rename 's/^(¡|¿)(.+)\.mp4$/$2.mp4/' *

@graveangel:

To run this as a cronjob on all the files in /opt/server/ directory, pleas follow these steps to make it into a shell script that you can then run as a cronjob:

Firstly, create a file with the name  myrename.sh for example. You can crate it anywhere you want.

Secondly, copy and paste the following into the file and save it:

#!/bin/bash

cd /opt/server

rename 's/^(¡|¿)(.+)\.mp4$/$2.mp4/' *

Thirdly, make the file executable:

chmod +x myrename.sh

Finally, test it and use it with bash /FULL_PATH/myrename.sh.


Since you don't have a home partition and don't seem experienced, just copy all your personal files to an external HDD.

Meanwhile, download Ubuntu. You can just click this link and create a live USB stick with it.

Boot up Ubuntu from the USB stick, click on "Install Ubuntu". Connect to the internet (you don't need to do anything if you're connected via lan but have to choose the wifi network and enter the password if you want to connect via wifi and Ubuntu doesn't read this information from your Fedora installation automatically), check on the boxes which offer you to download stuff during the installation, and then choose "Erase everything and install Ubuntu". There isn't much more to do after that and it's really easy.

After the installation completed, you'll be asked to reboot. Do that, remove your USB stick, and copy your files back once the installed system booted up.


After messing around a bit, I found that guvcview will show the video stream when it is plugged in to a USB 2.0 port, instead of the USB 3.0 port I was using before. Cheese will not work, however. I did manage to get a few seconds of video out of it before giving the same error message. VLC also works through USB 2.


Disable laptop touchpad when wacom tablet is plugged?

Create/edit this file

gksudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/01-touchpad.rules

Add this content

ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="hid", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe psmouse"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="hid", RUN+="/sbin/rmmod psmouse"
ACTION=="remove", ATTRS{idVendor}=="056a", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe psmouse"
ACTION=="add", ATTRS{idVendor}=="056a", RUN+="/sbin/rmmod psmouse"

You can find all information here: http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Touchpad in the section "Touchpad in Abhängigkeit einer Maus ein- und ausschalten".

Another way to solve the problem making use of phyton-scrips and synclient and examination of the content of mouse file in /proc/bus/input/devices is described here: http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Skripte/Touchpad-Verwaltung


I don't know if you're still having this problem, but I'm occasionally having frozen menus on Ubuntu 18.04. I don't know the cause, but I'm able to get rid of them by switching to a new workspace (CTRL-ALT-DOWN) - the menu is active for me on the second workspace.


Before anything download the Android SDK, unzip that file into your home folder then open your $HOME/.bashrc file and add the following lines to locate that folder and set your ANDROID_HOME:
nano $HOME/.bashrc

Now add these lines:
export ANDROID_HOME=$HOME/Android/Sdk
export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/tools:$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools

Now close the current terminal and open a new one. Run echo $ANDROID_HOME and you should see that added path.
Again, make sure you download the one for Linux, not the Windows version.


Running a zenity script with if statements

The script is almost good. But have a problem with brackets when using if. These must be square brackets ([ ... ]):

#!/bin/bash

#Create a random number between 0 and 3
RANGE=4
number=$RANDOM
let number%=$RANGE

echo $number
#Set random number generated above to select from list of comments.

if [ $number = 0 ]; then
    COMMENT="Comment0"
elif [ $number = 1 ]; then
    COMMENT="Comment1"
elif [ $number = 2 ]; then
    COMMENT="Comment2"
elif [ $number = 3 ]; then
    COMMENT="Comment3"
fi

echo $COMMENT

zenity --warning --title="!!!WARNING!!!" --text="$COMMENT"

See also the others small modifications.

More about:

Conditional Constructs
Introduction to if


Ubuntu saying file does not exist when it does?

No such file or directoryart.sh

Since the script you're trying to call is start.sh, you have a typo somewhere


I can't log in to Ubuntu one from windows client

If you installed the 3.0 Windows update we are rolling back the update due to a bug. We are recommending all users so back to using 2.0.3 until bug is fixed. We have been seeing a lot of authentication issue.

Here are the steps:

Uninstall Ubuntu One
Restart your computer
Download http://one.ubuntu.com/windows/ubuntuone-2.0.3-windows-installer.exe and install it and let us know if that worked for you or not


Is possible to install Ubuntu 12.04 or 12.10 on ACER V5-571-53314G50 ULTRABOOK?

You can check Ubuntu's Hardware Compability List
. Even though, your device is not listed in the list, there is a high probability that your device will be supported by Ubuntu.


mount: can't find /dev/sdb1 in /etc/fstab or /etc/mtab

Try:

sudo umount /dev/sdb1
mkdir /tmp/MyDrive
sudo mount -o rw /dev/sdb1 /tmp/MyDrive

If it mounts again as read-only, please paste relevant error output from the mount command and relevant dmesg output lines.

To add this partition to your fstab, type: blkid /dev/sdb1 take note of the UUID, then add it to fstab like this:

UUID=<what you got from blkid>  /directory/where/you/want/it/mounted ntfs defaults 0 0


Change file manager used by Firefox on Lubuntu

Inspired by Mozilla Firefox Bug 727422, comment 30, I found out that Firefox is currently (FF 36.0, Ubuntu 14.10 with LXDE) using the org.freedesktop.FileManager1-Interface on the Dbus session bus. As stated in the specification of this interface, Nautilus (also known as Files) is the only file manager that implements this interface. Therefore, Firefox will always choose Nautilus as file manager if it is installed.

So there are two possibilities to resolve this first problem:

Uninstall Nautilus/Files
Tamper with the org.freedesktop.FileManager1-Interface that Nautilus offers to disable this method of Firefox to open a file manager. Therefore, you could just delete /usr/share/dbus-1/services/org.freedesktop.FileManager1.service. But maybe, it is a better approach to use the proposed solution of https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/firefox/+bug/133133/comments/74 and create ~/.local/share/dbus-1/services/org.freedesktop.FileManager1.service and set its exec-line to /usr/bin/false (just copy /usr/share/dbus-1/services/org.freedesktop.FileManager1.service there and change it). This avoids deleting/editing a file created by your package manager and you do not need super user privileges. After having done so, you possibly need a restart.

As soon as Firefox can not use the Dbus-Interface anymore, it will fall back to a second way to figure out which file manager to start. This will lead to the second problem:

The default applications should be configured with several different mimeapps.list-files with different priorities. It seems to me that Firefox is correctly consulting the files ~/.config/mimeapps.list, ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list and /usr/share/applications/mimeapps.list but not the deprecated defaults.list-file. So, you have to add the inode/directory=pcmanfm.desktop-entry to one of the three files mentioned above. This can also be done by calling gvfs-mime --set inode/directory pcmanfm.desktop or xdg-mime default pcmanfm.desktop inode/directory.

Lxde itself seems to use ~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart to determine its default file manager. Therefore, you have to edit one of those files manually.


When the system is telling you that it didn't find something: env: apache2ctl: No such file or directory then you can use this web page to search for it: https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?searchon=contents&keywords=apache2ctl&mode=exactfilename&suite=artful&arch=any

That page tells you that it's the apache2 package that contains that file. Do you have apache2 installed? E.g. :

dpkg -s apache2

If it's not installed, then do:

apt-get install apache2

Then redo your command.


Updating Chromium requires installation of untrusted packages

If you haven't installed any PPA's for Chromium, press the Reload button in the package manager (the command line equivalent is sudo apt-get update). If the problem persists, wait a day before retrying. The mirror is possibly not completely updated yet or a proxy is caching the contents.


How can i find the current password in ubuntu without booting up into recovery mode?

Reading the comments under your question, it seems as you have lost total access to your root account. So you can neither run sudo passwd from a normal session, nor can you access the recovery shell, which requires the root password. So you have the following options left:

Either reinstall your system...

or reset the password from a live USB/DVD system. Follow these steps:

If you already have an Ubuntu DVD or USB stick, skip to step 4.
If you don't have an Ubuntu- or other Linux-ISO file, download one, e.g. the current Ubuntu release.
Burn it to a DVD (e.g. with Brasero) or extract it to an USB stick (e.g. with Startup Disk Creator or any similar program which doesn't ask for root permission)
Boot the DVD or USB and select "Try Ubuntu without installing"
From within the live system, open a terminal and find out, which is your system partition: sudo parted -l. This will list all your partitions, of all connected drives. Your USB stick partition will be mounted as /, so it'll be another drive. Search for an EXT4 partition, which (when using Legacy BIOS) has the boot flag and fits the size of your system.
Mount this partition r/w: sudo mount /dev/sdXY /mnt -o rw
Open a root shell in the mounted system: sudo chroot /mnt
Reset the root password: sudo passwd, enter new password twice.
exit
Unmount the system partition: sudo umount /mnt
Reboot into your system.


Nautilus not opening folders and ntfs disks

Try to revert the Nautilus file manager to the default configuration/settings via command line interface.

All you have to do is to delete the ~/.config/nautilus and ~/.config/nautilus_old files.

In this article I will rename them so that it can be restored if something goes wrong:

mv ~/.config/nautilus ~/.config/nautilus_old

mv ~/.gconf/apps/nautilus ~/.gconf/apps/nautilus_old

Reboot. If you are happy with the default configurations, delete the configuration files we have just renamed:

rm -r ~/.config/nautilus_old

rm -r ~/.gconf/apps/nautilus_old

I would suggest using synaptic package manager to reinstall Nautilus and Nautilus-Data


Why does gparted start ntfsresize without asking?

I'd say it is just checking the filesystem out to see the limit of it's ability to shrink.

from the ntfsresize manual

-i, --info
By using this option ntfsresize will determine the theoretically smallest shrunken filesystem size supported. Most of the time the result is the space already used on the filesystem. Ntfsresize will refuse shrinking to a smaller size than what you got by this option and depending on several factors it might be unable to shrink very close to this theoretical size. Although the integrity of your data should be never in risk, it's still strongly recommended to make a test run by using the --no-action option before real resizing.
Practically the smallest shrunken size generally is at around "used space" + (20-200 MB). Please also take into account that Windows might need about 50-100 MB free space left to boot safely.

This option never causes any changes to the filesystem, the partition is opened read-only.


terminal not working it wont let me put in my password

This is intentional whenever you type in your password from the command line it won't show the characters for security sakes, but the terminal is receiving input continue to type in your password as normal then hit enter and you shouldn't have any issues.


How can I reset audio settings to the original / default mode?

If the issue is strictly related to pulseaudio settings, yes resetting it will do the trick.
Simply delete the configuration files and restart pulseaudio :
rm -f ~/.config/pulse/*
sudo killall pulseaudio
# daemon(s) will restart imediately

More information : https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/Documentation/User/


Not able to create a new folder inside my drives in ubuntu

Looking at RECYCLE BIN and SVI I guess you have dual booted with windows
If you have windows 10 then it has a feature of fast-startup which makes drives read only.
How to turn it off??
See this
If have already done this but still get this, that means your windows was not properly shutdown (eg. Some of your application was open when you turn your laptop off)
To overcome this just boot to windows and then shutdown it properly
Hope this helps :))


This is a bug in Firefox 46.0 on Ubuntu 16.04. It's been reported on Launchpad Bug 1579543


How do I prevent the "Super" button from opening the dash?

One way to achieve this is to use CompizConfig Settings Manager.

It does not come preinstalled with Ubuntu by default, so you probably have to install it first:

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Alternatively you can also click this link to install it through your Software Center: Install

When it's installed, launch it with the command ccsm or search it in the Dash.
You will see a window like this:

Select the Ubuntu Unity Plugin, then switch to the Launcher tab in there.

The first option is what you're looking for:

  Key to show the Dash, Launcher and Help Overlay

You can set a new shortcut or entirely disable it using the three buttons on the right.


How can I upgrade to Ubuntu 12.04 from Clean Install of 9.10?

If you want to upgrade from Maverick to Precise, you have to update the whole system three times. That means, three huge package downloads, three installations, three cleanings, three reboots, and so on. AFAIK there is no (safe) way to upgrade by more than one version at time. If I were you, given that you have a clean installation and then you didn't modify too much, I'll directly install Ubuntu 12.04 (deleting the old partition first) where there was the old installation.

The (really) unsafe way to upgrade the system by more than one version is:

vi /etc/apt/sources.list
Replace each line e.g. deb http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick universe with its corresponding e.g. deb http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
aptitude update
aptitude full-upgrade

You must be very expert and very lucky for this process to complete without throwing away the installation. Don't try this at home.


Can I make the global application menu show the full application title?

This has been fixed in Ubuntu 11.04 which will be released later in April. The full application title shows up except when you mouseover the title which reveals the File, Edit, View menu instead.


how to install Excelsior JET 10.5 in linux?

According to the to the output of the installer and the User's Guide (section 2.2, page 22), you should:

cd <JET-HOME>
. setenv
jetsetup -show-profiles

with <JET-HOME> being a place holder for the Jet installation directory.


I am unable to test the mouse itself as I do not own the hardware but it looks like there is a nice command line utility called rivalcfg available for Linux to manipulate many of the settings including DPI.

To install rivalcfg run the following:

sudo apt-get install python-pip
sudo pip install rivalcfg

Test your installation of rivalcfg and make sure that your copy covers your mouse (which I have arrowed in!):

andrew@ilium:~$ rivalcfg -l
SteelSeries Rival                             1038:1384
SteelSeries Rival 100                         1038:1702   <-------
SteelSeries Rival 300                         1038:1710
SteelSeries Rival 300 CS:GO Fade Edition      1038:1394
SteelSeries Rival 300 CS:GO Hyperbeast Edition 1038:171a
andrew@ilium:~$

Then you should have access to two preset DPI options from the command line:

-s SENSITIVITY1, --sensitivity1=SENSITIVITY1
                    Set sensitivity preset 1 (values: 250, 500, 1000,
                    1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 4000, default: 1000)
-S SENSITIVITY2, --sensitivity2=SENSITIVITY2
                    Set sensitivity preset 2 (values: 250, 500, 1000,
                    1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 4000, default: 2000)

The usage is simply:

Usage: rivalcfg [options]

and the complete command line options can be seen here...


Crashplan not starting. Fails to find swt-gtk

I had this problem when I reinstalled CrashPlan after moving onto an SSD. I had moved /tmp to RAM, and set restrictive permissions on the folder in my /etc/fstab.

This was causing my problem:

tmpfs /tmp tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec,mode=1777 0 0

This fixed it:

tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0

The noexec parameter prevents SWT from executing from the /tmp directory, removing it fixes the problem.


The folder localdata has the wrong permissions. To change the permission of a subfolder is not enough. The whole path need the right permissions.

Either you change the group for /localdata too via

sudo chgrp perma /localdata

and to be sure

sudo chmod g+x /localdata

or you set the the search permission for directories x for all users

sudo chmod o+x /localdata


Difference between LiveCD, LiveUSB, full-install, and persistence?

Live with persistence:
You have the portability of live media with a home-folder and possibly other temp storage

Live without:
Portability but no saved anything

LiveUSB with persistence:
Less life out of the USB(a bunch more reads), but very similar to 1

LiveUSB without persistence:
Less life out of the USB(a bunch more reads), but very similar to 2

Full install:
Obviously, a full install to the USB would translate to shorter life since it would drastically increase the number of reads and writes.


Blacklist the kernel modules you don't want to load in the first place by putting them in a file in /etc/modprobe.d/ like this:

Create the file /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-mywireless.conf

sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-mywireless.conf

For each module you don't want to load at bootup, put on a single line: blacklist modulename, e.g.:

blacklist b44
blacklist b43
blacklist b43legacy
blacklist ssb
blacklist wl

Save and close the file.
Add a line to /etc/modules for each module you do want to load, e.g.:

sudo gedit /etc/modules

Append, on a new line:

brcmsmac

Save and close.
Reboot.


You can add

0 22 * * * root poweroff

to /etc/crontab

That will turn off computer daily at 10pm.


Ubuntu does not detects the RAM correctly

Your RAM is detected correctly. MB (megabyte) and MiB (mebibyte) are two different units.

1 MB is 1000 KB which is 1000 byte (decimal)
1 MiB is 1024 KiB which is 1024 byte (binary)

If you check the math yourself you will see that 512 MB are 495 MiB ;-)

MB is mostly used for selling stuff because it's the higher number. In your Ubuntu system you will mostly encounter MiB (or GiB).


how can install plugins for play mp3 and wma file which play on browser

You will have to download CODECS.

To install the proprietary CODECs type the following in a terrminal window.

32 bit OS

sudo apt-get -y install gstreamer0.10-pitfdll gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse

64 bit OS

sudo apt-get -y install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse

Once you have installed these CODECs you will be able to play nearly any audio/video format.

I would recommend you to install Ubuntu restricted extras from the Software center.
you can also install Ubuntu restricted extras through the terminal by typing

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras


I'm no expert on JSONListModel so I may be mistaken, but it seems to be expecting to iterate over a list of Objects.  What you get from rad.io is a list of strings, which seems to be causing your problems.  But since you don't need to do any fancy processing of the result, it's easy to roll this by hand.

What you want to do is parse the response into a list (usingJSON.parse).  Then you can go through the elements of the list.  For each, you create an object and append that to a ListModel.  Note that the ListModel takes objects, not strings.  Then the delegate can reference the properties of those objects.

Example code:

import QtQuick 2.0
import Ubuntu.Components 1.1
import Ubuntu.Components.ListItems 1.0 as ListItem

MainView {
    width: 300
    height: 600
    property string source: "http://www.rad.io/info/menu/valuesofcategory?category=_genre"

    ListModel {
        id: listModel
    }

    Component.onCompleted: {
        var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest;
        xhr.open("GET", source);
        xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
            if (xhr.readyState == XMLHttpRequest.DONE) {
                var list = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
                listModel.clear();
                for (var i in list)
                    listModel.append({ "genre": list[i] });
            }
        }
        xhr.send();
    }

    Page {
        title: i18n.tr("by Genre")

        UbuntuListView {
            height: parent.height
            width: parent.width
            clip: true
            model: listModel
            cacheBuffer: contentHeight

            delegate: ListItem.Standard {
                text: index + "  " + genre
            }
        }
    }
}

Let me take a moment to remind you of the importance of posting short, self-contained, correct examples.  The code you posted failed to run not because of any problem with parsing JSON, but because a Tab cannot be a top-level widget.  Anyone who tried to help you first had to figure out that before getting to the real problem.

Also, when using a non-default component, like JSONListModel, please note this fact and point us to where it can be found.  The less work it takes to reproduce the problem, the better.


Good application for taking notes on 12.04?

You can see Evernote Replacements for Linux in this link and also there is an open source clone of Evernote which called NixNote (previously called Nevernote) , In addition you Can Install Evernote (4) In Linux, using Wine (see this link).


I think you are referring to the Workspace Switcher. Check this: https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/shell-workspaces-switch.html


How to make the emacs not to pop up a window when using tab-completion?

Agreed, that's a really annoying behaviour. But you could use popwin. In short, popwin makes you can close windows such like *Help*, *Completion* by press C-g in anytime. By the way, you can install it from ELPA.


Missing Bluetooth options in Windows 10 for Systems on Dual boot

The issue arises when Bluetooth is turned off via the ubuntu Bluetooth System settings.

If the above is true, then all Bluetooth related options will disappear from the windows partition. Including the ability to turn it on or off or to make it pair with any device.

I couldn't really find a solution (seems to have something to do with the level at which the OSes control Hardware), but a simple workaround is to go and turn on Bluetooth in Ubuntu.


GHDL in Ubuntu 18.040 LTS GTKWAVE VLSI FPGA VHDL

As others have mentioned a quick check of Ubuntu Package Search indicates that gtkwave is in the Universe repository. ghdl does not currently appear to have a package available in the repositories for Ubuntu 18.04. You can however obtain the code on github and roll your own or choose to download a binary distribution or utilize a docker image to obtain ghdl. If you aren't comfortable with compiling your own, another alternative might be to try utilizing the script developed by mathieucaroff to Download, Build, And Install ghdl. Note that I haven't tested the script but the code is straight forward and looks fine to me. There are also a couple of unsupported and untrusted Personal Archives (PPAs) that provide packages of 'ghdl': mentioned on the Launchpad Project page.