Installing the driver for TP-LINK TL-WN727N on Ubuntu 14.04

Here is how you install it in about five minutes.

Krato: "Hey, friend, can I borrow your ethernet connection for just a few minutes? I brought along six of your favorite beverage."

Friend: "Sure, Krato, glad to help you! Let me put a couple of those beverages on ice."

You then open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential git
git clone https://github.com/porjo/mt7601.git
cd mt7601/src
make
sudo make install
sudo mkdir -p /etc/Wireless/RT2870STA/
sudo cp RT2870STA.dat /etc/Wireless/RT2870STA/
sudo modprobe mt7601Usta

Your wireless should now be working. Detach the ethernet, thank the friend and enjoy!

Here is how to do it in about five days...maybe.

Go here: http://packages.ubuntu.com/

Select Trusty in the drop-down box. Search for linux-headers-generic and build-essential. Be sure to locate their dependencies and the dependencies of the dependencies. Be sure to download the correct version, either 32- or 64-bit. Once you've download about fifteen or so packages on another computer, transfer them with a USB stick or similar to the desktop of your Ubuntu computer. Open a terminal and install them:

cd ~/Desktop
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

It may complain that a package is missing a dependency. If so, download that and add it to the desktop and try again.

Write many posts on the forum to tell old Chili how you're stuck. Rinse and repeat.

Once that's all done, get this: https://github.com/porjo/mt7601/archive/master.zip Download it and then transfer it to your desktop, too. Right-click it and select 'Extract Here.' Now, back to the terminal.

cd ~/Desktop/mt7601/src
make
sudo make install
sudo mkdir -p /etc/Wireless/RT2870STA/
sudo cp RT2870STA.dat /etc/Wireless/RT2870STA/
sudo modprobe mt7601Usta

Your wireless should now be working.

In either event, when Update Manager installs a later kernel, known as linux-image, after the requested reboot, you must recompile:

cd ~/mt7601/src
make clean
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe mt7601Usta

Please retain the files and these instructions for that time.


Will the installation of fingerprint gui harm my Windows fingerprint driver?

It will for certain not harm your scanner itself or your computer, maximal your installation, but then www.omgubuntu.co.uk is a very popular site which is good maintained, and if there would be anything suspicious with the ppa itself people would have already put tons of comments on that below the article and the article wouldn't be there anymore.

So my verdict, it is safe to use, nowadays hardware can barely be damaged by software. This at least for this particular ppa, otherwise simple rule of thumb. If you have any doubt in the credibility and integrity of a ppa don't add it and don't install software from it.


Installing the normal Kubuntu-Desktop after removing the Version from PPA

Should do it:

sudo ppa-purge ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports

As opposed to just pulling out kubuntu*, it also would pull out any dependency stuff that might have also come from that ppa(for example an odd-ball version of Qt), and force reversion to packages from standard repo.

It should ideally have been run before you tried to remove kubuntu*.


How to make a line of directories with one command?

Use the -p option of mkdir:

mkdir -p ~/test/panda/fat

From man mkdir:

-p, --parents
              no error if existing, make parent directories as needed

Example:

% mkdir /tmp/foo/bar
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/tmp/foo/bar’: No such file or directory

% mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar    ## Done

Now about a file creation after automatically creating the non-existing directories in between, simply put- you can't do this in one go.

At most, you can add the file generation command after the directory generation one:

mkdir -p ~/test/panda/fat && touch ~/test/panda/fat/bamboo.txt

You can use history expansion for touch command to make it shorter or create a shell function for convenience.

Here is a shell function that will do the job:

create_file_dir() {
    [ "$#" -ne 2 ] && echo 'Insufficient Arguments' ||

        case "$1" in -d)    mkdir -p "$2" && echo "Directory '"$2"' Created" ;;

                     -f)    mkdir -p "${2%/*}" && touch "$2" \
                              && echo "File '"$2"' Created" ;;

                      *)    echo "Invalid Argument"
        esac
}

Put the snippet in your ~/.bashrc, do source ~/.bashrc and use it as:

create_file_dir -d /directories/to/create  ##For only directories
create_file_dir -f /path/to/file  ## For file with intermediate dirs

Caveat: If a file already exists, touch will change the timestamp.

Example:

$ create_file_dir -d /tmp/spam/egg/
Directory '/tmp/spam/egg/' Created

$ create_file_dir -f /tmp/spam/egg/foobar
File '/tmp/foo/bar/foobar' Created

$ create_file_dir /spam/egg
Insufficient Arguments

$ create_file_dir -m /spam/egg
Invalid Argument


Sensor applet doesn't save settings after restart

This is a known bug -- https://bugs.launchpad.net/indicator-sensors/+bug/782047

It's marked as Fix Comitted, but the fixed version is not available in project's PPA (last update in May).


How do I access the settings in first time wizard in E17?

E17/Enlightenment settings are accessed by clicking on the desktop and choosing 'Settings/Settings Panel' from the menu. The help page describing this is on their wiki page here: http://trac.enlightenment.org/e/wiki/Configuration


I think that usb drive's every cell has it's own limit number of read/write.
So journaling is not used.
solving this problem may be very difficult.


unable to install softwares or update ubuntu12.04 LTS due to root password

Ubuntu does not have password for root by default so you will never guess it.

The reasons for this are explained in my answer to this question:
How to enable root login? and there is more detail here: RootSudo Comunity Documentation.

What you need to do to fix this is either give root a password which is not recommended practice, or make your self an administrator again.

To do this you will need to boot into a root shell as described here:
How do I boot into recovery mode?

Once in you can add yourself to the sudo group with

usermod -aG sudo your_user

Replace your_user with your user name.

Next you need to set a password

Now we can set the user's password with the passwd command. (In this example I will use your_user as the example, you need to substitute whatever the user's username is):

passwd your_user
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully
root@ubuntu:~#

Again replace your_user with your user name.

Reboot and you now have an administrator account so should be able to update.

If you don't want your account to be an administrator account you can create a new user instead that is but you will need to do that from recovery mode.


How to run ABCDE when I insert music CDs

I managed to fix the problem by

Making a .desktop file for abcde in the /usr/share/applications/ folder
Editing defaults.list, changing the

    x-content/audio-cdda=

to

    x-content/audio-cdda=abcde.desktop

I'm not sure if this is the best solution but it seems to be working fine so far.


lookup algorithm for finding a shell command

I will assume you installed it through rvm.
As you said, your PATH is modified by .bashrc or .bash_profile.

What the shell does is very simple, it looks at your command and splits it with the spaces and look for the first word (in you case, rake).
Then it looks at the PATH environment variable (see its value with echo $PATH) which contains different directories separated by semicolons (:). It splits it with the semicolons and then iterate through every directory to see if there is a file that you have the rights to execute. When it finds it, the shell executes it giving the rest of the words as arguments.

In the case of rvm, you should have /home/username/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p374@global/bin in you PATH. It should find an executable called rake which then executes an executable called rake in /home/username/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p374@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/bin which run /home/username/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p374@global/gems/rake-10.0.3/lib/rake.rb (your version may vary).


You have only one partition which is used by the user / or /dev/sda1

This partition have 78GB used and 222MB free.

The simple solution will be to remove junk files / temporary files from /dev/sda1

Instructions:

how-to-clean-up-unnecessary-files
how-do-i-remove-old-kernel-versions-to-clean-up-the-boot-menu

Note: As mentioned by @dobey and @sudodus - another easy solution will be:

Install additional / bigger disk.


How can I execute commands in a text file?

This is called a script.

Right click on the text file, select properties, select permission, mark the "Let this file be executed" text box. Now you can execute it just by double clicking on the file.

You can also do it from the console like this:

sh ec2-env-setup.

Or change the permissions and afterwards execute it:

chmod u+x ec2-env-setup.
./ec2-env-setup.


Is there a known cron job or process in 16.04 that occurs every 30 or 60 minutes?

cron is only one of the running daemons that consume CPU cycles and system resources:

$ ps -eo 'tty,pid,comm' | grep ^? | grep cron
?          841 cron
?          896 cron

For a complete list of all 264 on my system I use:

ps -eo 'tty,pid,comm' | grep ^?

So which deamon runs every 30 minutes? The first google hit is the chef deamon (not a cooking thing): https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14905278/chef-daemon-running-every-30-minutes

If it's not documented you would have to check every single daemon's source code to see how often it run.


Two moments here

hplip-gui is well-packaged on 17.10 - you will get 3.17.7, you can install this version with:

sudo apt-get install hplip-gui

If you need to compile this package you should do the following:

enable source code repositories in software-properties-gtk then get build-dependencies

sudo apt-get build-dep hplip-gui

and then run ./configure, make and so on.


Using terminal to have xflux at a certain temperature at all times

xflux - because it's what you're asking for
xflux works this way and provides no option to change its behaviour, you give it your location and it will use this plus your system time to determine when it should change the color, based on sunrise and sunset at the chosen location. We certainly don't want to fiddle with the system time, but how about we just fake time (sudo apt install faketime)?
faketime 20 xflux -l 52.5, -g -1.886 -k 3200

will start xflux as if it's eight o'clock. faketime has a “freeze clock at absolute timestamp” feature, but unfortunately I didn't get it to work with xflux. I suggest you use the GNU coreutil timeout instead:
timeout -k0 8h faketime 20 xflux -l 52.5, -g -1.886 -k 3200 -nofork

This will start xflux as if it's eight o'clock and kill it instantly (0) after 8 hours. For timeout to work it's necessary to start xflux with the -nofork option. For xflux it's four in the morning then, so if you don't live anywhere where the sun rises earlier it should keep the specified color temperature over the whole runtime. Of course you might change the location and/or the faketime to a place and time that fits your exact needs. To automate the process set a cronjob  with crontab -e like this:
0 */8 * * * DISPLAY=:0 timeout -k0 8h faketime 20 xflux -l 52.5, -g -1.886 -k 3200 -nofork

This will run the command once every eight hours. As timeout also kills it after eight hours this makes for a constant color temperature all day long – unfortunately with a quick flash every eight hours which I wasn't able to eliminate.
There is a tray icon GUI called fluxgui · Github available via this PPA.
redshift – because it offers a much easier solution to your problem
There are alternatives like redshift (sudo apt install redshift) which allow you to manually set the color temperature:
redshift -O 3200

This will stay in effect until you turn it off with redshift -x. The packageredshift-gtk (sudo apt install redshift-gtk) provides a tray icon which allows you to switch if off with a mouse click.


Running PHP files will not load but instead download

I started by purging php7 and reinstalling. When that didn't work I purged apache2 and php7 and reinstalled.

sudo apt-get purge php7.0-common

sudo apt-get purge php7.*

sudo apt autoremove

apt-get purge apache2

sudo apt autoremove

sudo apt-get install apache2 php7.0 libapache2-mod-php7.0

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 reload

sudo /etc/init.d/php7.0-fpm reload

I still get this message "Considering conflict php5 for php7.0:" but at least it's working now.


Systemd running ExecStart and ExecStop at the same time

"Control process exited, code=exited status=1" indicates that the main process started by the service exited with status 1, without any surviving forked processes. Since you used screen -Dm, that means screen exited when the command it was told to run exited. Use -dm instead to keep screen alive, then reattach it to see what happened.


"no valid OpenPGP data found" error installing Docker

Try:

wget https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg
apt-key add gpg

I just downloaded the key with no issue.


View full message from gnome notifications area

Have you tried the Notify OSD app? It is quit useful if you want to configure your notifications. You can read more about it here:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/NotifyOSD

Here are the steps how to install it from the terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:leolik/leolik
sudo apt update
sudo apt install notify-osd
pkill notify-osd
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt update
sudo apt install notifyosdconfig

Or you can simply download the .deb installer from this link (from ppa.launchpad.net/nilarimogard/webupd8/).


How do I change Software Center's default installation path?

Debian/Ubuntu use a standard directory hierarchy.  The command man hier will describe this for you.  It is common for packages to create symlinks to place files in the correct place when the program expects them elsewhere.

There are two options I use to increase space on a partition:
 - As a temporary solution I create a directory on another partition for a directory like /var/cache/apt/archives which can take a fair amount of space.  I then move the contents of the directory to the new partition and replace the directory with a sumlink.
 - A permenant solution is to create a new partition for a large moveable directory like home, var or usr.  Then I rsync the directory onto the new partition and mount it.  Cleanup is done by mounting the root partition on /mnt and removing the files from the directory under /mnt.

Cleaning up /tmp and moving it to a tmpfs mount can free up space if it is on disk.

You may also free up space with the apt autoclean or apt clean commands.  The second option will remove all download debs for /var/cache/apt/archives.

Running apt and removing obsolete kernels may also free up space.  Usually two are sufficient, and they don't always get removed automatically.  Don't remove the current kernel.  If you haven't rebooted for a long time you may want to reboot to the newest kernel before removing old kernels.

The command du -sk /usr /home /var | sort -n will tell you how large those directory trees are.


Dell XPS13 9333 - Big trouble updating Ubuntu to 15.10

What is sudo apt-get -f install giving you? Can you repair the botched upgrade with it? If not, your best option is to move forward with update-manager to xenial now. My Dell XPS12-9Q33 on which I am typing right now is fully supported.


How to shut down the system while using GNOME desktop environment in Ubuntu 11.10

Hold down Alt and the Suspend menu item will become Shut Down. You can also just tap the power button on your computer, and a shutdown dialog will appear.

Just so you know, Ubuntu 11.10 is no longer supported and 12.04 has a much-improved version of GNOME Shell - complete with a Shutdown item in the session menu. Upgrading could solve any confusion with this in the future.


In the top right corner, there is a menu with the item "System settings". This will open a screen with various configuration items. The one you want is "Power". Here you can set the screen dimming behaviour.


Purging a 3rd party PPA after upgrade to Ubuntu 18.04

While I can't provide an answer to my generic question, I seem to understand meanwhile that the problem may not be due to inconsistent held packages, but to inconsistent packages in the wine ppa.

The command

sudo aptitude install wine-stable

provides a few more options for the resolution of the dependency problems. One of these consists in downgrading the package libblkid1 while installing wine-stable and related packages. This temporary solution currently works for me and allows to run an up-to-date wine.


"Error: 0x80080005 Server execution failed" while installing Ubuntu on Windows

Try restarting the manager for the linux subsystem by opening command prompt as admin (cmd) and running:

sc stop LxssManager
sc start LxssManager

and then query it to make sure the state is 4, RUNNING.

sc query LxssManager

Now try to open the Ubuntu app again, if it gives a different error this time, try uninstalling and reinstalling the app.


Ubuntu by default does not come with both a snap and a regular version installed by default. You must have manually installed the regular versions at some point, unless perhaps an OS upgrade to a newer version over an older version did install the snaps but did not remove the regular versions.

Yes, it is fully safe to uninstall them and use the versions from the repositories instead. I do this myself and did not encounter any negative effect. As a matter of fact, snaps are not (yet?) integrated with the APT management system, so removing snaps will not in any way affect your regularly installed packages, nor remove for example the ubuntu-desktop metapackage.


Install MinimizeToTray revived in thunderbird (you can do this via add-on menu inside thunderbird also).

Once installed, go to its preferences, and select the option "instead of closing and when minimizing" in the "Minimize to Tray" section.

Now after opening thunderbird, you can close it from the "close" button in titlebar, and it will still keep on running in the background, checking mails periodically. But it will no longer be an open "window", and hence wont appear in alt+tab.


This is a bug that was fixed literally an hour ago. Assuming you are using the PPA as described in this question, you will need to simply wait a few hours for the new version to be published to the PPA.


The "OpenStack" package ignores system-wide network proxy settings

I'm not sure about all the downloads that you are seeing but at least lxc images are retrieved over HTTPS so will not be cacheable.

See: https://www.mail-archive.com/juju@lists.ubuntu.com/msg01303.html


what is the best way to upgrade security patches on ubuntu 14.04

You do that by using common business practices:

Read the Ubuntu Security notices
Keep system back-ups of your system (you're definitely user type 4)
Have a test system (virtual or not) to test updates before rolling them out
Use secure passwords and don't re-use them.
Install software intelligently and keep it updated as well.
etc...


Eclipse - Starting Tomcat 7 Server at localhost has encountered a problem

You can use this command to identify any Tomcat process running in the background:

ps -ef | grep "org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap" | grep -v grep

You should get a row like this for each running instance:

username    26546  5581 71 12:51 ?        00:00:07 /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-amd64/bin/java -Dcatalina.base=/home/ringo/eclipseWorkspace/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0 -Dcatalina.home=/home/ringo/java/apache-tomcat-7.0.37 -Dwtp.deploy=/home/ringo/eclipseWorkspace/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/home/ringo/java/apache-tomcat-7.0.37/endorsed -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /home/ringo/java/apache-tomcat-7.0.37/bin/bootstrap.jar:/home/ringo/java/apache-tomcat-7.0.37/bin/tomcat-juli.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-amd64/lib/tools.jar org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start

The second value on the row is the process ID. You can then use the kill command to terminate it, e.g.:

kill -9 26546

To both find the process and kill it in a single command:

ps -ef | grep "org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap" | grep -v grep | awk '{ print $2 }' | xargs kill -9


How do I create a working indicator with Qt/C++?

You shouldn't use libappindicator for creating an Application Indicator in Qt programs.  There's a better way!

If you have sni-qt installed that will automagically replace QSystemTrayIcon instances with the code for rendering that tray icon as a KDE Status Notifier Item, which the Application Indicator service will pick up and show in the Ubuntu menu bar.


How can see find process that have pages swapped out?

Your best bet is going to be

  /proc/$PID/smaps
  /proc/$PID/status
  /proc/$PID/stat

replace $PID with the pid from ps, top, or htop.

There is also /proc/meminfo which has some general info.

Based on comments this might help:

for i in *; do cat /proc/$i/status | grep "Name:"; cat /proc/$i/status | grep "VmSwap:"; echo ""; done

It will have to be run as root. From the /proc/ directory.


Matlab doesn't launch, keeps asking for activation

I think the licence should be updated. I fixed the problem by requesting a new licence from Mathworks and activating MATLAB with that licence file.
They provided the same installation key for my computer's host id, but the 'licence.lic' file is updated.
I think reinstallation is not necessary, activation with an updated licence just solves the problem.


How to monitor internet data usage for different gateways?

Try vnstat

sudo apt-get install vnstat
vnstat --help

Hope this helps :)


how to increase root partition in ubuntu 13.10

You can use Live Gparted to re-partitioning it.Just simply move other partition to the end of the bar till the Unallocated placed behind your partition


I was able to make Zathura the default PDF viewer using the documentation here.


Why isn't MariaDB 10.2 in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic)?

MariaDB is in the universe pocket of the Ubuntu archive, so the package maintenance relies on volunteers rather than being a Canonical commitment. Please note that Canonical's commitment to provide security updates is about packages in main, not all the universe packages.

Ubuntu syncs and/or merges from Debian sid, and 10.1 is what's still available there. Somebody has packaged 10.3 in Debian experimental, and you may want to make an attempt to install it from there.

Not much more to say, I think. Nobody to blame really.


The tarball should be in the grandparent directory of debian. The layout should look like this:

foo->packagekit-qt->debian
foo->packagekit-qt_0.9.5.orig.tar.xz.

Do everything relative to packagekit-qt.


I have not used zfs with autoinstall, but the storage section of the autoinstall file essentially gets passed through to curtin.  The curtin documentation suggests zfs support is there, but experimental
https://curtin.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/storage.html?highlight=zfs#format-command

Filesystems support for ZFS on root is Experimental. Utilizing the the
fstype: zfsroot will indicate to curtin that it should automatically
inject the appropriate type: zpool and type: zfs command structures
based on which target volume is specified in the format command. There
may be only one zfsroot entry. The disk that contains the zfsroot must
be partitioned with a GPT partition table. Curtin will fail to install
if these requirements are not met.


you can use a usb wifi card ?! look for what you need it. extra programms ? look what chip you need to run the programm e.x Reaver-WPS


Ubuntu 14.04 Unity got slow during the last couple of updates

So it seems that the IOMMU bios setting is a real issue for many with Gigabyte mainboards. After having toggled this setting and re-installed Ubuntu it all runs smoothly and nice again.

Also, having toggled the bios setting Ubuntu now finds compatible drivers for my hardware, earlier I had to manually setup realtek chipset and graphics drivers.


After HDMI disconnected, no image on built in monitor

It is a bug link, but it has an work around.
It is solved with:
xrandr --auto

So, you can assign a shortcut to it or type on the console oppened with Ctrl+Alt+F4.
You will have to do it everytime you lose image by unplugging HDMI.


fsck shows ext4 file system errors, but only when booting from system partition

If you force a file system check on an ext4 file system that is currently mounted in r/w-mode using fsck -nf <filesystem>, you will always get error messages like the ones you posted (corrupted orphan linked list, Deleted inode ... has zero dtime). The fact that fsck -n <filesystem> reports it as clean is a bit misleading here.

The reason you are not seeing these errors in recovery mode or when booted from external drive is simply the fact, that in this case the file system in question is not mounted in r/w-mode, or not even mounted at all.

The manual page for e2fsck also explicitly states:

  Note that in general it is not safe to run e2fsck on mounted
  filesystems. The only exception is if the -n option is specified, and
  -c, -l, or -L options are not specified. However, even if it is safe to do so, the results printed by e2fsck are not valid if the
  filesystem is mounted. If e2fsck asks whether or not you should check
  a filesystem which is mounted, the only correct answer is ``no''. Only
  experts who really know what they are doing should consider answering
  this question in any other way.

Conclusion: If you intend to use the -f flag for fsck, make sure you understand 100% what it does. In particular, using it on a mounted file system is usually not what you want.

As to why you are getting ext4 errors when waking from suspend is an entirely different problem which you seem to have already solved. For reference reasons I will include the links you posted yourself in a comment here, as they were helpful in solving your original problem:

EXT4-fs error after Ubuntu 17.04 upgrade
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1678184?comments=all


According to this forum post:

http://community.intuit.com/posts/quickbooks-2010-multi-user-with-linux-server

The last known version of QB to work with Wine was 2004. A quick check at http://appdb.winehq.org/ did not give encouraging results either.

Here's hoping someone more knowledgeable comes along and contradicts me though.


Ubuntu won't run after restart ( image attached )

Try Ctrl+alt+f7 and see if it drops you into a command line. log in and run. "sudo apt-get update" then "sudo init 6" and "sudo apt-get upgrade". if that doesn't work it appears that if you re-install ubuntu it is very un-likely that you'll do the exact same thing that caused the error in the first place.


/dev/rtc0 not enabled for wakeup events and Cannot write '0' to /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm

on my ubuntu 12.04 (64bit) system sudo rtcwake -s 30 -mode mem works as desired (but i need to set mode to 'mem' (=suspend to ram) or 'disk' as the default mode of 'standby' is not supported on my system (acer laptop).

what hardware are you running your system on? does it have a rtc and can your system discover it (as a first step, check the output of ls -l /dev/rtc?)?

your output-line rtcwake: open failed: /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/device/power/wakeup: No such file or directory
might show a relevant part of the problem. on my system /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/device/power/wakeup is also not present (i don't get that error-msg) but a wakealarm-namedpipe is located in /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm. does such exist on yours?

if this is the case, try to directly write into it, e.g. through

sudo sh -c ‘echo "+00-00-00 00:00:30" > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm'

note that this command does not set your system into sleep but only schedules a wakeup-alarm, so you might need to put your system to standby/sleep yourself.

then, what does cat /proc/driver/rtc say (especially lines starting with alrm_time, alrm_date and alrm_pending)?

probably not an answer but i can't comment yet...

EDIT: oops, just realized this was asked in 2012, not 2013...


Error configuring static routing using cli

This "answer" most likely will be devoured by the internet for it's wording and whatnot, but, my assumption with your question is you're attempting to reach outside of your broadcast domain.

In your latest comment, it does appear as though you're attempting to route externally, using your default router - but I'll add the below here and we'll refine as we go.

Your computer can only route in a Layer-2 Broadcast Domain. What this means is, you cannot attempt to define a next-hop on another logical network, except for a router (ignoring more advanced networking; this is a Ubuntu forum). On a "traditional" private network, you will operate from a "/24" network range (sometimes denoted as 192.168.0.0/24 or 255.255.255.0 CIDR).

When you want to add a static route, unless you have a router with RIP, OSPF or BGP running, you must have a logical next-hop on the device. Take the following example of a network "design":

My computer has an IPv4 address allocated via DHCP of 10.128.129.1 (mask of 255.255.255.0) and routes via 10.128.129.254 on VLAN 10;
My Cisco Router has a logical interface in VLAN 10 (10.128.129.254) and VLAN 11 (10.128.130.254) and;
My Server has an IP address of 10.128.130.1 (VLAN 11) and has a default route of 10.128.130.254;

On my host address, if I am not learning internal routes, my default will be via 10.128.129.254 - which, in it's ARP table, should have a known address to route to the server - this is a Layer 3 function.

What happens if my router isn't learning routes, and itself isn't the gateway address for VLAN 11? Then, I need to denote a route entry (I'll not go into details on BGP and other technologies)

Client Side Routing

For this situation on my Linux box, I still need to know where I can contact VLAN 11 - 10.128.130.0/24 - so I add a static route:

$ sudo ip route add 10.128.130.0/24 via 10.128.129.254 dev eno2

Why does this work? Because on a broadcast range, my PC can reach 10.128.129.254 without needing Layer 3 functionality.

I cannot, for example, add the following:

$ sudo ip route add 10.128.130.0/24 via 10.128.130.254 dev eno2

As the router is not in the same logical subnet.

Configuring Routing - Router Modifications

Right, so at this point clients are using the router to attempt to route to 10.128.130/24 - so now the router needs to know it's next hop. Depending on the device depends on the syntax, and what solutions you have available; for now, we just assume your router has a next hop to a router in the logical VLAN, and all is working fine.

Why is the command failing?

Some examples of the same issue can be found on other sites, and also point to not being in a logical network. You could attempt (if this is multi-spanning) add an IP alias to an interface and go from there.

Just double check that the network you want to route to, and the next-hop on the PC are in the same logical network.


operating system not found after installion from cd

are you typing from windows? if you are follow the last step (Note:) from http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/


I was starting on this info on get most out of your nvme, but also man lvmcache is a good resource.

I have (sorry) not more disks around:

/dev/sda2 (931G slow)
/dev//dev/nvme0n1 (372.6G fast)

Basic setup:

$ sudo pvcreate /dev/sda2
  Physical volume "/dev/sda2" successfully created.
$ sudo pvcreate /dev/nvme0n1
  Physical volume "/dev/nvme0n1" successfully created.
$ sudo vgcreate cache /dev/sda2 /dev/nvme0n1
  Volume group "cache" successfully created
$ sudo lvcreate -L 200G -n origin_device cache /dev/sda2
  Logical volume "origin_device" created
$ sudo lvcreate -L 60G -n cache_block cache /dev/nvme0n1
  Logical volume "cache_block" created.
$ sudo lvcreate -L 2G -n cache_meta cache /dev/nvme0n1
  Logical volume "cache_meta" created.
$ sudo lvconvert --type cache-pool /dev/cache/cache_block --poolmetadata /dev/cache/cache_meta
  WARNING: Converting logical volume cache/cache_block and cache/cache_meta to pool's data and metadata volumes.
  THIS WILL DESTROY CONTENT OF LOGICAL VOLUME (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to convert cache/cache_block and cache/cache_meta? [y/n]: y
  Converted cache/cache_block to cache pool.
$ sudo lvconvert --type cache /dev/cache/origin_device --cachepool /dev/cache/cache_block
  Logical volume cache/origin_device is now cached.

After that you can use that device "as usual".
I also created a non cached device as reference for a basic test:

$ sudo lvcreate -L 200G -n origin_device_reference cache /dev/sda2
  Logical volume "origin_device_reference" created.
$ sudo mkfs -t xfs /dev/cache/origin_device
$ sudo mkfs -t xfs /dev/cache/origin_device_reference

And mounted it

$ sudo mkdir /mnt/lv-xfs
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/lv-xfs-cached
$ sudo mount /dev/cache/origin_device_reference /mnt/lv-xfs
$ sudo mount /dev/cache/origin_device /mnt/lv-xfs-cached

After this my setup looked like this:

$ lsblk (filtered of other disks)
NAME                              MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                                 8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk
|-sda2                              8:2    0   931G  0 part
| |-cache-origin_device_reference 252:4    0   200G  0 lvm  /mnt/lv-xfs
| `-cache-origin_device_corig     252:3    0   200G  0 lvm
|   `-cache-origin_device         252:0    0   200G  0 lvm  /mnt/lv-xfs-cached
nvme0n1                           259:0    0 372.6G  0 disk
|-cache-cache_block_cdata         252:1    0    60G  0 lvm
| `-cache-origin_device           252:0    0   200G  0 lvm  /mnt/lv-xfs-cached
`-cache-cache_block_cmeta         252:2    0     2G  0 lvm
  `-cache-origin_device           252:0    0   200G  0 lvm  /mnt/lv-xfs-cached

$ sudo dmsetup table
cache-cache_block_cdata: 0 125829120 linear 259:0 2048
cache-origin_device_reference: 0 419430400 linear 8:2 423626752
cache-cache_block_cmeta: 0 4194304 linear 259:0 125831168
cache-origin_device: 0 419430400 cache 252:2 252:1 252:3 128 1 writethrough smq 0
cache-origin_device_corig: 0 419430400 linear 8:2 2048

Please be aware that dm-cache has evolved a lot. There are still many guides that recommend to tune the cache with "dmsetup message ...", but that all is part of the old "mq" policy. See Kernel Doc. These days the Stochastic multiqueue (smq) is the default, considered superior and comes without any tuning knobs.
That went as far as to drop "mq" since Kernel 4.6 and make is an alias to the smq policy.

So very basic benchmarking with two slow sync io sequential disk crawlers and two aio random hot spots (and not all of the crawlers fitting onto the cache, but the hotspots easily do). There are more details on the results if you want to look. Results are much better than without cache, but the testcase was in no way sophisticated enough to check that in any detail.

Uncached
Device:         rrqm/s   wrqm/s     r/s     w/s    rkB/s    wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz   await r_await w_await  svctm  %util
sda               0.10     0.20  259.95  126.45  1840.00   599.32    12.63    65.96  170.43  126.56  260.62   2.59 100.00
dm-4              0.00     0.00  260.05  126.65  1840.00   599.32    12.62    65.99  170.37  126.53  260.39   2.59 100.00
   READ: io=1109.4MB, aggrb=1891KB/s
  WRITE: io=370212KB, aggrb=616KB/s

Cached
Device:         rrqm/s   wrqm/s     r/s     w/s    rkB/s    wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz   await r_await w_await  svctm  %util
sda               0.00     0.85    1.75  395.75   112.00  1679.40     9.01    33.18   83.44   82.97   83.44   2.52 100.00
nvme0n1         755.05     0.00 159339.95    0.25 873790.40    16.00    10.97    25.14    0.16    0.16    0.00   0.01 100.12
dm-0              0.00     0.00 156881.90  395.95 873903.00  1679.40    11.13    58.35    0.37    0.16   84.19   0.01 100.12
dm-1              0.00     0.00 160095.25    0.25 873791.00    16.00    10.92    25.41    0.16    0.16    0.00   0.01 100.10
dm-2              0.00     0.00    0.00    0.00     0.00     0.00     0.00     0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00   0.00   0.00
dm-3              0.00     0.00    1.75  396.60   112.00  1679.40     8.99    34.50   86.51   82.97   86.52   2.51 100.00
   READ: io=415116MB, aggrb=708356KB/s
  WRITE: io=1004.8MB, aggrb=1714KB/s

This shall not become a discussion on bcache, dm-cache, ... as I stated at the beginning I usually prefer bcache as well but that is not the point. But if OTOH you have any recommendations for dm-cache to add please feel free to use the comment section.


How to show only 1 window of an application when the application icon in dash-to-dock is pressed?

On the terminal, I discovered that I can use the below cmd to do what @mondjunge described for gnome-tweaks:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock middle-click-action 'previews'

Thus when I middle-click an App icon in dash-to-dock, a preview of opened App windows appears, and I can select the window I want to maximize from the preview.


Getting a Focusrite 18i20 how do I install with good studio program

Are you looking for gratis software or can it be commercial?

For DAWs, Reaper works well with Wine and has a very fair pricing model. The software is of extremely high quality and the standard plugins are on a professional level.

Other users like Ardour, which is free, but I think does not have VST support.

As for NLEs, Kdenlive worked extremely well for me so far, it supports resolutions up to 4K out of the box and has a feature allowing you to edit huge files in lower resolutions to increase live rendering.

Make sure to set up your interface properly. I recommend Jack/Cadence from the KXStudio repositories. They also have guides on how to measure hardware latency and Wine-rt/WineASIO packages, should you want to install Reaper. A realtime kernel is also helpful. The Ubuntu Studio / KXStudio derivatives offer a good setup right away.


Thunar files view, date format "today, yesterday"

open Thunar and choose preferences from Edit menu . then at Display , choose the date format as you want. I am uploading the image too .

hope that helps .


errors upgrading from 14.04 to 16.04 about Unknown Multi-Arch type for compiz, libkf5akonadisearch-bin packages

This is a bug in apt, and yes, the fix is to upgrade apt.

Edit /etc/apt/sources.list and uncomment these lines:

deb http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily main restricted
deb http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily-updates main restricted

Now run apt-get update and you'll see the same errors about 'Unknown Multi-Arch type'.

Now upgrade apt:

apt-get install --only-upgrade apt

Now run the release installer:

do-release-upgrade

:)


A complete list of pre-installed applications/packages?

apt-cache depends ubuntu-desktop will print out all the direct dependencies of the ubuntu-desktop package, without including all the behind the scenes libraries. This should give a fairly good reflection of a typical desktop installation. Is that what you had in mind?


New mail notification changed to a blue string in the upper left corner

Solved! Thanks to this:
Notify-osd notifications appear unthemed in top-left corner

It turned out that the problem appeared after I played around with the i3 windows manager. I didn't like it so I purged it. But some packages remained and dunst was the culprit!

I executed sudo apt-get purge dunst and then also sudo apt-get purge i3 i3-wm i3lock suckless-tools i3status.


If the file is called pawn.pov as you say later in the question, then the command you want is

povray +Ipawn.pov

The command you said in the question has a "pov" too many.


It's a SMOP. I looked at upstart, dbus, udev, but none suited. I decided to NMP (NMP:Not My Problem;Left as an excercise for the student) how to start it (see below) and let run always (although something in ~/.config/autostart might do). I also NMP'd how to restart the network, leaving it to YOUR single line commands in the config file.

#!/bin/bash
# Monitor for the net going down, Do The Next Thing (from a config file)
# to bring the net up. Implicit assumpition that The Next Thing fixes it
# may be a problem.
# Walt Sullivan

# Note: places where you may need to adjust things to match
# your environment/taste are marked "#Adjust"

# determine my name
me=$0
me=${me##*/}

# my variables
debug=0                         # set via --debug
verbose=0                       # set via --verbose
original=""                     # set the <config.file>
original_update=0               # time <config.file> was last modified
config="/var/tmp/${me}.$$.config" # my writable copy of config
result=""                         # temporary use

# $ dpkg -S $(type -p nm-online)
# network-manager: /usr/bin/nm-online
# $ dpkg -S $(type -p ip)
# iproute2: /sbin/ip
# man ip-link;man ip-monitor;man ip-address;man 7 regex

# -h or --help or something's wrong in here
help () {
    echo "${me} [-h|--help] [-v|--verbose] <config.file> " >&2
    echo "" >&2
    echo "Monitor the wireless network, and when it goes down, Do The" >&2
    echo "Next Thing (as specified by the <config.file>), to bring" >&2
    echo "the wireless net up." >&2
    echo "" >&2
    echo "The <config.file> contains #comments, blank lines, AND" >&2
    echo "single line commands, of your choice, to correct the" >&2
    echo "wireless network down condition. The first command in the" >&2
    echo "<config.file> will be executed the first time the net goes" >&2
    echo "down (or if the net is down when ${me} begins), the second" >&2
    echo "command will be executed the next time the net goes down," >&2
    echo "and so forth, wrapping around at the end. The number of" >&2
    echo "single line commands in the <config.file> is unlimited." >&2
    exit 2
}

function flip () {
    # Return the first non-blank, non #comment line,
    # and move that line (and all preceeding blank and #comment
    # lines) to the end of (our copy of) the config file.
    #
    # ed pattern includes "/", but not "~" or "."
    #Adjust the ed pattern in both places and in countconfiglines
    ed --quiet "$config" <<EndOfEd
/^[A-Za-z0-9\/]/
1,.t$
1,/^[A-Za-z0-9\/]/d
wq
EndOfEd
}

function countconfiglines () {
    # return number of config file lines
    #Adjust must match the ed pattern in flip()
    configfile="$1"
    egrep --count '^[[:alnum:]/]' "$configfile"
}

function up-to-date () {
    # updates configuration file if necessary
    new_update="$(/usr/bin/stat --format='%Y' $original )"
    if [[  "$new_update" -ne "$original_update" ]] ; then
        if [[ $(countconfiglines "$original") -eq 0  ]] ; then
            echo "Invalid configuration in $original" >&2
            exit 4
        else
            /bin/cp --force "$original" "$config"
            original_update="$new_update"
        fi
    fi
}

function netstate () {
    # Return network state as "UP" or "DOWN"
    #Adjust how you decide net is UP/DOWN
    ip link show | egrep -q 'UP,LOWER_UP.* state UP'
    if [[ $? -eq 0 ]] ; then
        echo "UP"
    else
        echo "DOWN"
    fi
}

# Execution begins here

# parse the args with getopt, adapted from
# /usr/share/doc/util-linux/examples/getopt-parse.bash

TEMP=`getopt -o dhv --long debug,help,verbose \
     -n "${me}" -- "$@"`

if [[ $? != 0 ]] ; then echo "${me} --help for help." >&2 ; exit 1 ; fi

# Note the quotes around `$TEMP': they are essential!
eval set -- "$TEMP"

while true ; do
    case "$1" in
        -d|--debug) debug=1; shift;;
        -h|--help) help; shift;;
        -v|--verbose) verbose=1; shift;;
        --) shift; break;;
        *) echo "Internal error! ${me} --help for help";exit 1;;
    esac
done

# Did we get the <config.file>?
original="$1"
shift
[[ -z "$original" ]] && \
    (echo "Missing config file ${me} -h for help" >&2 ; exit 1)

# If there are more parameters, confusion exists in the mind of the caller
[[ "$#" -ne 0 ]] && help

[[ -r "$original" ]] || (echo "${me}:Cannot read $original" >&2
                        exit 2)

if [[ $(countconfiglines "$original" ) -eq 0 ]] ; then
    echo "${me}:Invalid configuration in $original" >&2
    exit 4
else
    # watch for changes, record "%Y time of last modification,
    # seconds since Epoch"
    original_update="$(/usr/bin/stat --format='%Y' $original )"

    # make a writeable copy for our use, and clean it up at the end
    # unless $debug
    [[ $debug -ne 0 ]] || trap "/bin/rm -f $config" EXIT
    /bin/cp --force "$original" "$config"
fi

# if the net is down, Do The Next Thing right away
#Adjust: how you decide the net is up or down?
[[ "$(netstate)" = "DOWN" ]] && \
    ( result="$(flip)";
    [[ $verbose ]] && echo "$(date):$result" >&2; \
        eval "$result" )

# Wait for the net to go down, then Do The Next Thing
#Adjust find a better way to watch for net down
ip monitor address | \
    egrep --line-buffered \
    '^Deleted [[:digit:]]+: [[:alnum:]]+[[:space:]]+inet[[:space:]].* scope global ' | \
    while read line ; do
    up-to-date
    result="$(flip)"
    [[ $verbose -eq 1 ]] && echo "$(date):$result" >&2
# Here is where "The Next Thing" is Done
    eval "$result"
done
# we never exit the while loop, until the world ends.
exit 0

Alternatively, git clone https://github.com/waltinator/net-o-matic.git to get your own coipy of the above.


Issues connecting to wifi network in Ubuntu 17.04

The correct patch for /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf is to have [device] wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no on two separate lines, and change the "no" to a "0":

[device]
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=0

and then restart your computer.


MySQL access via PHP doesn't find database

This does not seem to be Ubuntu related per se.
For figuring out the permissions required for PHP files you can go through https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2096255/what-permissions-for-php-scripts-directories

phpMyAdmin will most probably be located in /usr/share/phpmyadmin you can look up the settings it is using.
http://rudyegenias.wordpress.com/2006/09/15/enabling-phpmyadmin-once-you-change-permission-or-privileges-on-mysql-database/ might be useful which suggests looking at config.inc.php.


The another location that cause to startup applications is ~/.config/autostart

In that location I have firefox.desktop and after remove that file my problem was solved.

rm ~/.config/autostart/firefox.desktop


To delete a file as root you need to open nautilus as root by typing in terminal

sudo -H nautilus

Then inside nautilus use the shortcut CtrlH to show the hidden files. After that navigate to /home/username/.local/share/Trash/files.

And delete the files easily.


nVidia 390.48 to 396.24 and no cuda found in Blender

Do you have the nvidia-cuda-toolkit package? If not type the following into terminal:

sudo apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit


Ubuntu 18.04 hangs on login screen after resume with NFS mounted prior to suspend

I had the same issue.

Once I understood that those random hangups on login were related to the mounted NFS share I've added a script with single command

umount -f /media/Share

to the /lib/systemd/system-sleep/ folder. That is executed before suspend, so on resume there is no NFS volume mounted.

Hope this workaround helps somebody else in the future.


Unable to extend partition using unallocate space in linux 18.10 dual boot

Boot from a Live USB. Open Gparted. Move efi partition to the end and then resize the '/' partition.


I am not too sure wjat you are trying to ask here. However, i have experienced a bit of an issue with trying to move the open apps from the side panel into tje main screen. I have overcome this in the past by closing the app down and opening it again. However, in the latest build i have noticed that moving of apps is slightly easier. Tapping on the main screen with three fingers, three times brings the side panel uo.


The conversation in comments and chat proved that the LibreOffice configuration for the user account had been messed up somehow. The solution was to reset it to default by removing the config folder:

rm -rf $HOME/.config/libreoffice


How do I install AMD graphics drivers for Ubuntu 16.04?

Okay - found the AMDGPU Pro drivers which are higher performance than the Catalyst and work very simply on Ubuntu


Move files into specifics folders with almost same patterns

It does not work because your $i contains .fna. Remove the extension and it should work.

Try this,

for i in *; do
    mv "$i" "/path2/path2.1/${i%.*}";
done

If the path does not exist, run mkdir -p "/path2/path2.1/${i%.*}" before mv.


How to get date and time using command line interface?

The date command will show you the date and time.

man date will show you how to control the output to whatever format you need, if you want something other than the standard output. For example:

date "+%H:%M:%S   %d/%m/%y"

will output the date and time in the format 14:09:22   09/06/2015

An easier to read version of the man page can be found on Ubuntu Man Pages


Run nano terminal-command-script in terminal, in your home directory.

Copy this, and paste it in with Ctrl+Shift+V, and edit it to what you want:

#!/bin/bash
cd folder\folder
. venv/bin/activate

Save with Ctrl+O, and exit with Ctrl+X.

Then run chmod +x terminal-command-script, and open up File browser to your home directory.
There should be a file in there called teminal-command-script - click on it, and hopefully you will get something like this:

This is how you can get Terminal to open with it - alternately you could edit the launcher in /usr/share/applications/ so it would always open with it - (well. perhaps when you press the button, might not work with Ctrl+Alt+T).

I have not tested this, and it is probably the wrong answer anyway, but I can't spend all my time here, sorry :-)


Ubuntu 12.04 desktop, VNC viewer not refreshing screen

I was having same problem, Searched a bit and found this solution

VNC session very slow in 12.04 compared to older versions

Running the mentioned command solved the purpose
Thanks


HiDPI scaling with two screens different resolutions in Ubuntu 16.04

I've answered this on a question that is effectively the same as this earlier question about huge scaling on a monitor

You need to use the Wayland windows system which allows for independent scaling of the in-built display and the monitor.

Wayland is available in Ubuntu 17+. You can switch to Wayland at the login screen and then adjust the scaling in the 'Screen Display' settings.

I've also asked a separate question about issues with Wayland.


Ubuntu does not use microcode (in the sense you are talking about) at all. Your CPU, however, does use microcode -- that is the code it needs to function.

Ubuntu provides amd- and intel-microcode packages, which provide updated firmware for that hardware. These packages are fully updated with all Spectre/Meltdown patches in all supported releases of Ubuntu.

Ongoing patches for vulnerabilities are handled by the Ubuntu Security Team. It's a normal part of support in a supported release of Ubuntu. You receive those patches routinely when you upgrade from Ubuntu's -security repository.

If you have questions about specific vulnerabilities, feel free to search the database of vulnerabilities and patches.

Determine which version of firmware your CPU is using with grep microcode /proc/cpuinfo

Finally, be aware that version numbers can misleading when checking for vulnerabilities: A patched package may not have a higher upstream version number (since it's not a new upstream version), but is still fixed and tested and no longer vulnerable. In these cases, Debian and Ubuntu add their own supplementary version numbers so you can tell the difference.


Setting execute permisions on a mounted image

Depending of the filesystem of you .iso you can also mount the image as executable by adding option exec or umask=777 to your mount command.

In case you just need to run a Windows .exe file with Wine you could also issue:

cd path/to/isofile
wine program.exe

from a command line.


Application's menu missing from menu bar

This is a reported bug that is being addressed by the developers.

Bug report:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/1532226

Missing on Startup

Running this command in a terminal window will bring back the menus for the current session:

$ initctl restart unity-panel-service

To save time and having to:

Check first to see if the issue is resolved
Open a terminal Window
Run the command

I wrote a short script and added it to my startup apps.  The script will do all the above.  I'll have three minutes to notice if the problem is fixed of which I can disable the startup script once the bug is fixed.

There's a sound notice to nudge me to check if it has been fixed... then finally the command is automatically run.

The menus will be fixed 4 minutes after each reboot.

Script named resetmenus.sh:

#!/bin/bash
sleep 180
espeak "Resetting unity-panel-service"
sleep 60
initctl restart unity-panel-service

The script can be added to startup by typing startup applications in the Unity Launch Search Button.

Disappearing during logged in session

The script above resolves the menu problem that is always missing upon boot.  The menu subsequently disappears between boots.  When this happens I find the AltCntlT to bring up a terminal and typing unity as mentioned in the previous answer is ideal for that instance.


How to reliably block package version from update?

You need to set the hold flag so that dpkg knows to ignore it. This program should do it   http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hardy/man1/dpkg-hold.1.html  " dpkg-hold tora" or the package name if different. Restart then check synaptic is ignoring it before updating though!


Welcome to Ask Ubuntu! Your question relates to specific software rather than Ubuntu, so you might find you will get better assistance if you post to Super User

Regardless I have found this post which states you only need to run:

sudo apt install gimp-plugin-registry

This will install many useful Gimp plugins automatically, including resynthesize.

Here's a simple guide:

Press CTRL + ALT + T to open a terminal.
It will look something like this

Enter the command sudo apt install gimp-plugin-registry (it is case sensitive so make sure that's right).

Press enter and it will ask for your password, enter that and press enter. While you are typing the password the terminal will not change.

The plugins will then install, once it's finished you can close the terminal.

If you re-open Gimp you can see the plug-in installed in the plug-in browser.


Where can I find the status of the released versions of Ubuntu?

Supported Releases
The currently supported releases will always be in the Wiki page of Ubuntu at:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ReleaseTeam#Releases.Current
This includes the current point release, Long Term Support release and regular releases.
Future (in development) Releases
For future (beta/alpha) versions of Ubuntu you may check:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ReleaseTeam#Releases.Future
Older (EOL) Releases
To know the supported dates of older (EOL) releases, you may visit:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ReleaseTeam#Releases.End_of_Life

All releases can be downloaded at http://releases.ubuntu.com, for older releases you may look at http://old-releases.ubuntu.com.
The release schedule of any version will be at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/<codename>/ReleaseSchedule, replacing <codename> with the codename for that release, e.g. for Trusty Tahr:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/TrustyTahr/ReleaseSchedule


Please install ubuntu-mate-icon-themes:

sudo apt install ubuntu-mate-icon-themes

That may provide most of the missing icons native to the Mate environment.


How to set hostnames to specific range of IP addresses on DHCP Server?

My professor answered my question. There is no specific tool or method to assign hostname and ip address pair without knowing MAC address in Linux Server. Because Linux server uses pure DHCP standards. So I have to assign a hostname/fixed ip address with MAC address for each slave in /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf file. For example:

host slave1 {
  hardware ethernet 00:00:00:00:00:01;
  fixed-address 192.168.1.200;
  option host-name "slave1";
}

host slave2 {
   hardware ethernet 00:00:00:00:00:02;
   fixed-address 192.168.1.201;
   option host-name "slave2";
}
...

He said: "you can do that with using hostname table in Windows NT Server". But i'm not sure how to do that.


How to make Arduino (Snap) access serial port /dev/ttyUSB0 (or /dev/ttyACM0)?

2020 update

The arduino-mhall119 snap is outdated and should not be used anymore. Use the arduino snap instead.

See this answer for up to date info on how to get serial working with the arduino snap.

Old instructions

Install the snap in classic mode to allow access to ports

$ snap install arduino-mhall119 --classic

It's that simple. You should now have access to your serial ports! Happy Hacking!

Note: info below are needed for old Arduino 1.6.10.

Some interesting links that helped find the answer

Auto connected serial port interface

  Lundamar says:
  Until the serial-port gadget/interface is improved to give access to all system serial devices you can get your snap working by simply installing it non-confined like so:

$ snap install tio --classic

  It’s better than nothing but it surely would be best to run it confined with allowed access to serial tty devices.

Interfaces - serial-port

Interfaces reference:

  serial-port
  Can access serial ports. This is restricted because it provides privileged access to configure serial port hardware. Note that the slot is meant to be implemented by a gadget snap (this is not provided by the core snap).

Gadget providing serial-port slot


No DVD Drive showing on left side in nautilus

You should check if the drive is mounted. You can check the mounted devices using the command:

fdisk -l

You can mount devices using the command

sudo mount /dev/sda# /media/FolderName

but where you replace # (hash) with the partition number of the partition on the device you want to mount. For example, you might write /dev/sda1. The specific number you should put in place of # can be found in the outut of fdisk -l.

See How to mount a drive from terminal in Ubuntu? (on Super User) for further information on mounting a drive and checking if a drive is mounted.

(If the device is mounted and still not showing in Nautilus, feel free to reply and I'll offer further troubleshooting steps.)


How do I contact the maintainers for apt-config-icons and variants?

See the output of

apt-cache show apt-config-icons

That is

Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Matthias Klumpp <mak@debian.org>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug


How to create pesistence storage for ubuntu live boot?

Booting ISO Files on HDD

Basic GRUB loopback menuentry for Booting ISOs is:

menuentry "isoname ISO" {
    set root=(hdX,Y)
    set isofile="/[path]/[name].iso"
    loopback loop $isofile
    linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile --
    initrd (loop)/casper/initrd
}

Where hdX is the disk and Y is the partition number of the ISO location.
[path] is the path to the ISO file, [name] is the name of the ISO file
Multiple ISO files are allowed, with one or more menuentrys per ISO file. (each ISO can have multiple persistent files).
If we want a persistent OS add the word "Persistent" to the GRUB menuentry.
If using a persistent partition make it ext4 and label it casper-rw for 19.10 and previous ISO files.
For 20.04 ISO files label the persistent partition "writable".
Only one persistent partition is allowed per drive,
If using persistent files, each ISO can have it's own persistence file(s).
Each ISO can have a "writable" ("casper-rw') file up to 4GB and an optional "home-rw" file up to 4GB.
Persistent files must be located on a FAT32 partition.
If more than one persistence file is used, a persistence-path must be given. Just the unique name of the persistent files folder is required. One set of files per folder.
Ubuntu versions 18.04 and previous use GRUB 2.02 for booting versions 19.10 and later use GRUB 2.04 for booting in UEFI mode. GRUB 2.04 has problems booting ISO files.
Workaround for booting ISO files in GRUB  2.04 UEFI mode is to add "rmmod tpm" to the menuentry, if booting in UEFI mode. This may give an error message in BIOS mode, ignore it.
If the host system is pre-19.04 GRUB 2.02 should be in use and workaround is not needed.
Ubuntu 20.04 comes with a File System Check every boot, it can be disabled by adding "fsck.mode=skip" to the menuentry.
Scrolling during boot can be disabled by adding "quiet splash".

Final menuentry may look like:

menuentry "Ubuntu 20.04 ISO" {
    set root=(hd0,3)
    set isofile="/isos/ubuntu-20.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
    rmmod tpm
    loopback loop $isofile
    linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile fsck.mode=skip persistent persistent-path=/persist-1/ quiet splash --
    initrd (loop)/casper/initrd
}


Set the environment variable $PYTHON to the path of the binary you want to use, for example

export PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3
./waf configure


Ubuntu Server 18.10 - No video mode activated

Running these commands fixed it for me:

sudo chmod a-x /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme
sudo update-grub
sudo reboot


How to execute sudo commands with Expect & send commands in bash script?

set login "sasuke"
set addr "hostname"
set pw "mypasswd"
spawn ssh $login@$addr
expect "$login@$addr's password:"
send "$pw\r"
expect "#"
send {output=$(sudo virsh list --all | awk '/running/{print $2}' | tail -2)}
expect {
    password: {send "$pw\r"; exp_continue}
    "#"
}
send {sudo virsh dominfo "$output"}    ;# don't know if you need quotes there
expect {
    password: {send "$pw\r"; exp_continue}
    "#"
}

In Tcl (and, by extension, expect), curly braces act like the shell's single quotes: inhibit variable expansion.

The multi-pattern form of expect is useful for the case where you may not see a pattern. The exp_continue statement essentially "loops" within the expect so you can send the password and continue to expect the prompt. Since there is no action associated with the prompt pattern, control passes from the expect command to the next one.

I would recommend you save this as a separate script. First line should be

#!/usr/bin/expect -f

If you want to embed in a shell script:

#!/bin/sh
expect <<'END'
   # code as above
END

Note the quotes around the first "END" -- that has the effect of single quoting the entire here-document so you don't have to worry about the shell interpreting the Expect variables


How to install TexStudio on Ubuntu 16.04?

Yes you have to install texlive-full, it is around 3.5 GB. To install it, run the following command in the terminal:

sudo apt install texlive-full

Then you can install texstudio or texmaker.

Source here


As Takkat said, you will need to fix your MBR using windows tools from Windows installation CD. After your windows boot successfully you can use EasyBCD from here to add Ubuntu entry into widnows boot menu. This way you will get your Ubuntu back. There is a nice tutorial on how to add Wubi Ubuntu entry back to your Windows boot menu at http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/20340/how-to-restore-the-wubi-ubuntu-bootloader/


update-grub caused computer not to boot?

The issue was resolved by disconnecting all USB headers from my motherboard and manually booting using
linux (hd0,gpt2)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda2
initrd (hd0,gpt2)/boot/initrd.img
boot

It appears I had some sort of faulty ghost USB connected to the system through a media hub.


Because you have only extracted the archive, you can simply remove the folder:

rm ~/Downloads/android-sdk-linux


Windows partitions not appearing on GRUB and on ubuntu

I've used this guide more than once, works every time.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

Try this if

sudo update-grub

does not work.


Some comments, observations, and questions:

GRUB 0.9 is also known as GRUB Legacy. This is an old version of GRUB that's been more-or-less completely abandoned by now. Ubuntu uses GRUB 2 by default these days. AFAIK, Ubuntu's version of GRUB Legacy is BIOS-only, which may be 100% useless to you -- but this leads to the next point....
I've skimmed all the questions you've posted, and I don't see mention of the single most critical issue: Are you booting in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode or in EFI/UEFI mode? You can identify the current boot mode by looking for a directory called /sys/firmware/efi. If it's present, you've booted in EFI mode; if it's absent, you've booted in BIOS mode. If you're using an emergency disk, though, its boot mode might not match that of your regular installation. This can be identified by examining the partition table, MBR contents, and other diagnostic locations, which brings me to the next point....
Please run the Boot Repair utility and select the "Create BootInfo Summary" option. (DO NOT click "Recommended Repair," at least not yet!) When asked whether to upload the report, click "Yes," and then post the URL provided here. This will give us more details about your configuration, which is required to base an answer on more than guesswork.
The error message you reported sounded familiar, and I quickly tracked down this question. The computer in that case used an NVMe disk, and it looks like GRUB's scripts don't do a good job of handling such disks. The poster of that question finally got it working, but from his comments, it's not 100% clear what he did. In any event, it's conceivable (but far from certain) that the cause and solution for you might be similar.

Overall, I'd say that you MUST post a BootInfo summary if you expect to get help. Without that, the best anybody can do is take a wild guess at a solution. That said, there's a chance that the answer to the question I referred to above may be helpful.

You might also consider posting on the Ubuntu forums; that venue is better for extensive back-and-forth interactions; this site works better for solving straightforward problems that don't require answering an extensive set of follow-up questions from those trying to help.


Can I convert hex to decimal using the calculator app?

You can use Ubuntu's default calculator in programming mode.

Open the dash and search for Calculator, then select : Mode > Programming Mode.

Enter the value to convert, then press equal =.
The entered value will get bolded. Then you may select the target Base from the drop-box to have the value converted.


Original su is in /bin/su, so just delete your link:

sudo rm /usr/bin/su

Check which su if it's back to /bin/su

There a priority in executable paths, see:

echo $PATH

/usr/bin comes before /bin, So your link will be executed first. But to learn create that link again and run which su you will get /usr/bin/su.

Well, all $PATH can hold executable itself or its link. So most of those paths hold a mixture, give ls -l /usr/bin a try (I cut long results) :

total 925272
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       39552 Dec 18 14:36 [
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root   root           8 Dec 21 15:14 2to3 -> 2to3-2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root          96 Jan 12 10:12 2to3-2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root          96 Jan 27 17:21 2to3-3.3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root          96 Jan 27 17:23 2to3-3.4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root        5655 Jan  7 12:12 404main
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       10320 Feb  7  2013 411toppm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root          39 Feb 17  2012 7z
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root          40 Feb 17  2012 7za
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root          40 Feb 17  2012 7zr
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root      106584 Jan 15 06:49 a2p
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root   root          52 Jan 25 00:22 a2ping -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/a2ping/a2ping.pl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root         883 Apr 30  2007 a5booklet
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root   root          54 Jan 25 00:22 a5toa4 -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/pfarrei/a5toa4.tlu
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       10328 Apr 28  2009 aa3d

Links are clear now, 3 links, others are files:

l in the beginning of lrwxrwxrwx (l link, d directory, - normal file, c char device).
-> point to the target file.


In 13.10 I do not have a wish package.

 (0)asus-romano:~% apt-file search /usr/bin/wish
 tk: /usr/bin/wish-default
 tk8.4: /usr/bin/wish8.4
 tk8.5: /usr/bin/wish8.5
 tk8.6: /usr/bin/wish8.6

So I suppose the package is tk (and probably tcl)

 apt-get install tcl tk

(but this is a bug in packaging... if it's needed  should be a dependency)


Which licence text to sell my application

As far as I know there is no "standard" commercial (proprietary) End User License Agreement (EULA) that you can can download to include in your software. It is one of the benefits of the FLOSS community that there are licenses available that have been extensively checked by lawyers. And you could still consider using one of those, I will get back to that later.

You always should at the very least include your copyright notice which must be written in the form copyright symbol year name. The name must be a legal entity, which could be you personally, but it could also be your company (if it has been legally registered etc). It is unwise to assign copyright to a group name that has no legal status.

Adding a suitable End User License Agreement (EULA) in proprietary software is important for the following reasons:

You must have asserted somewhere that people are buying (licensing) the use of your software, and not buying the code, intellectual property rights etc. If you do not mention this it would be unclear.
You must have included disclaimers that whatever happens through the use of your software, you are not liable for any damages.
You must have included some level of support (usually along the lines of: "you buy the software as-is and we may give or sell you updates later").

This is off the top of my head (and I am not a lawyer!), but you can see why that is important and why it needs to be in proper legalese just in case something goes wrong or one of your customers has malicious intent. It depends a little bit on what kind of software you are going to put in the market, but in general it is better to be safe than sorry. A EULA is there to protect you from the customer (read one by Microsoft or Apple just to get an idea). And they can be complex and risky to draft without the assistance of a lawyer.

There are a number of places where you can buy and download a EULA from online law-firm (or websites claiming to be), but unless you hire your own lawyer, you would still need to sift through the text carefully to make sure that all the different stipulations apply to you. The next best thing is to use what is available in the FLOSS world and modify them slightly so that you can serve your customers.

So coming back to the open source licenses: you can use one of the FLOSS licenses available and make modifications for paying customers, such as giving them permission for commercial use. The creative commons website is most clear on this (look at their explanation of "waivers"). You can do this because you are the owner (copyright holder) and you can set terms for you customers, something nobody else can do for your software and code. The Creative commons even have a variation of their licenses for this purpose: the creative commons plus license.

Whatever you do, take your time to think things through and read a lot before actually putting it out on the market. Asking Canonical for a standard Ubuntu EULA would also be helpful, maybe they have this and it would certainly make their software center more interesting.


Can't change brightness using DDControl with Catalyst driver

This is kinda old, but I had a similar problem, i was getting the same error message. I solved it by running the program with sudo.

sudo gddccontrol

As additional note regarding the ATI/AMD driver, since 16.04 Ubuntu forces the open source driver so if the proprietary driver was the problem, it can not be any more.


This is probably because the required openssl binaries were not present when you compiled python, to fix this

download openssl (tar.gz shall do the trick) from: https://www.openssl.org/source/
untar SSL source in folder
Goto the folder and run the following to make openssl

./configure && make && sudo make install

Finally - redo the Python compilation (configure, make, make install), observe that ssl library now compiles into Python as it appears in standard place where Python compiling procedure is looking for.


"Invalid package information" error when upgrading to Ubuntu 20.04

I had the same problem. The solution was to add the official sources to the apt sources.list.

Make a copy of your source list:

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

Get the official sources for Ubuntu 19.10 from sources.list › Wiki › ubuntuusers.de

deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-backports main restricted universe multiverse

Open the list and add these lines at the end

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Update sources and install all available updates for 19.10 and reboot your system:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo reboot

Ensure you have the lts path at the update-manager:

$ cat /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
Prompt=lts

If you upgrade over ssh: ensure your firewall allows ssh access over port 1022 (recovery-ssh-port). I didn't need to use port, it is just in case.
Run the Upgrade

sudo do-release-upgrade


Recoll: Can I safely exclude ~/.recoll from a full system backup?

Yes, you can.
As a matter of fact, I let it start with option -c at /mnt/usb-C/C-gegevens/workeRmachine/.recoll which also has the xapian-database. The alias I use is stored in .bashrc, namely:
alias recoll='recoll -c /mnt/usb-C/C-gegevens/workeRmachine/.recoll'

(Do use >> .bashrc!!!)
In the .recoll/recoll.conf I used:
"topdirs=/mnt/usb-C/C-gegevens/workeRmachine/Documents      /mnt/usb-C/C-gegevens/workeRmachine/Pictures"

And I regularly keep the user directory safe by issuing:
rm ~/.recoll


Which version of OpenMP implements gcc 4.5?

Run update-alternatives --config gcc
to be asked to choose the GCC version you want to use among those installed.

Then you could run gcc with the chosen version.


Upgrade from 12 to 14 failed with missing python package, now what?

I had this issue and had a dodgy python-apt package from another source.  I removed those sources from apt manually by editing /etc/apt/sources.list and removing files from /etc/apt/sources.list.d and then doing:

apt-get update
apt-get remove python-apt
apt-get install update-manager-core

This last one will reinstall python-apt, which should come from the proper ubtuntu sources.  The upgrade seems to be running fine now.


Just configure your docker host to have several ips, one for each hostname you would like to configure. Then configure dnsmasq to point each ip to a different hostname, site1.home.com->X.X.X.X, site2.home.com->Y.Y.Y.Y. All of these ips will belong to your docker host.

Then start up your containers on the docker host. I use docker swarm with an overlay network, frontended by an nginx reverse proxy. I set up docker containers to belong to this overlay network, and I specify --names for them so the docker overlay network has it's own dns for the nginx reverse proxy to use to point to other containers.

Then I configure nginx to point to the other containers using swarm-based dns depending on the ip used to connect to the docker host. So http://X.X.X.X/ is translated by nginx to point to dns name site1 on the overlay network. nginx will go get the site1 container's webpage and return it to the user. It is a lot of overkill but has huge advantages are that it does this redundantly with little downtime because of rolling updates.

For example: I go to home1.home.com in my browser. This triggers a dns lookup changing home1.home.com to X.X.X.X. I am directed to the docker host's nginx reverse proxy, which gets site1's webpage that is hosted on the internal overlay network, based on the ip I used to connect to the docker host. It then presents the webpage to me.


You are too early.
Canonical announced today that their Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) operating system series will enter Extended Security Maintenance (ESM) support beginning April 30th, 2021. It is not the 30 th. yet.
Try again on or after the 30th. https://ubuntu.com/security/esm


I've seen this with BtrFS volumes.  The Disks utility doesn't appear to know how to handle them yet.

From a command line, use:

sudo btrfs filesystem label <mountpoint> <newlabel>

if the filesystem is mounted.

Else, if unmounted, use:

sudo btrfs filesystem label <device> <newlabel>


It is trying to find the program which you know does not exist as you made a typo. I do know more about wine then that.


Vagrant error file not found grub rescue

This was fixed by running vagrant destroy after vagrant add mybox backup.box --force which caused vagrant to use the newly restored box.


Sound stopped working in 14.04 on Thinkpad T440s

Various actions or tests:

Do software update, reboot ,
Carefully check Alsa layer volume running alsamixer in a maximized terminal : using arrow keys, and eventually   F6 to select main (non-hdmi)  soundcard :   increase level in  "master" and "pcm" fader , press "m" key 2 or 3 times to toggle their mute state (even if they seem not muted).
If not ok, disable pulseaudio to test in alsa only mode:
mkdir ~/.pulse
echo autospawn=no > ~/.pulse/client.conf
then reboot .
Then your are in Alsa only mode:  test your audio (pulseaudio volume applet will be offline, use alsamixer or gnome-alsamixer to set volume).
Most Linux software can output audio directly to Alsa without using pulseaudio (exception is Skype, but ok for Firefox and flash player ,vlc etc....)
A good test is running "speaker-test" in a terminal : you should hear pink noise.

If stills bad , run "Alsa-info" to show your audio config (someone can have an idea) :  copy the following command in a terminal , choose "upload" option  when asked ("tab" key to select it) an post url printed at the end.
wget http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh -O alsa-info.sh && bash alsa-info.sh

When alsa test is finished and running ok, to revert to pulseaudio mode, run:
echo autospawn=yes > ~/.pulse/client.conf
and reboot (or run "pulseaudio" in a terminal that you keep open)  .
If Alsa test was ok and Pulseaudio doesn't work, reset again  pulseaudio config like explained in the other threads


The Lucid packages from the PPA work in Maverick, but you have to download them manually.

Here are the direct download links from the PPA:

covergloobus_1.7-4_i386.deb
covergloobus_1.7-4_amd64.deb


How to restore Windows 8.1 boot after installing Ubuntu on flash drive

It turned out to be a simple fix (to restore the ability of the system to boot Windows when the Ubuntu flash drive is not plugged in).

I went to BIOS and chose to reload the default settings. That made the Windows boot manager show up once again and everything is back to working the way it was.


First, confirm that your ethernet card has a driver and has created an interface, ideally eth0:

ifconfig

If so, please amend your /etc/network/interfaces file to read:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

Now try to connect:

sudo ifdown eth0 && sudo ifup -v eth0

The '-v' for verbose should produce some output telling us either that you connected or what went wrong. If so, we'll try to correct it.

Please try a reboot and show us:

dmesg | grep eth0


What hinders Ubuntu from getting traction in the professional field?

You have somewhat answered your question, most professional work depends on professional software that is not available for Ubuntu. Using workarounds like wine or a VM that will give you worse performance or lot's of problems don't make sense for a pure business view (they are more expensive/less productive than windows)

That said, I use Ubuntu for work, but I'm mainly a software developer (add a little bit of system administrator and business management to it to get the full picture), so, in my profession the best tools are made for linux.

In our company we use plenty of Ubuntu, for servers, and for the computers on our shops (they only do basic things like email, internet and use our own linux-compatible software: POS, stock management). But most of the computers in the office are windows machines, they usually need to use some program that is not available for linux.

We also use lots of windows (and even DOS) machines for computers that are attached to different specialized machines (industrial printers or paint coloring machines) as this is the OS that they support.

To summarize, in most professional uses, Windows (or Macs for design, film-making, etc...) just makes more sense.


Get New Window Decorations Stuck On Initializing

I am having the same exact problem. As a work around for window decorations you can do the following.

Download an Aurorae theme from www.kde-look.org.
Extract the theme and copy the resulting folder to ~/.kde/share/apps/aurorae/themes

Open Window Decorations in System Settings, you should now see your new theme listed.


How to record both audio, Where i have one music running and my microphone is in use?

When music is playing, it will also be captured by your microphone if it is loud enough, so you can just record the microphone, or add the music later by editing


How to disable sudo authentication via fingerprint in fprint

You can easily reduce the timeout from 10 Seconds to 3 seconds by changing the timeout value in /etc/pam.d/common-auth. That would allow you to still use the fingerprint reader for sudo just with a less annoying timeout.

By default the authentification method for sudo matches your common-auth settings. But you can change that in the file /etc/pam.d/sudo.

copy the file /etc/pam.d/common-auth to /etc/pam.d/common-auth-nofingerprint
remove the line that references pam_fprintd.so from your new file.
edit /etc/pam.d/sudo and use @include common-auth-nofingerprint instead of @include common-auth

/etc/pam.d/common-auth

auth    [success=2 default=ignore]  pam_fprintd.so max_tries=1 timeout=10 # debug
auth    [success=1 default=ignore]  pam_unix.so nullok_secure try_first_pass
auth    requisite           pam_deny.so
auth    required            pam_permit.so

/etc/pam.d/sudo

#%PAM-1.0

session    required   pam_env.so readenv=1 user_readenv=0
session    required   pam_env.so readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale user_readenv=0
@include common-auth
@include common-account
@include common-session-noninteractive

For background information why fingerprint and password does not work in parallel see: https://launchpad.net/~fingerprint/+archive/ubuntu/fprint in section Known (minor) issues - 1. No fingerprint and password at the same time


Which Time Tracker application do you recommend?

Hamster

Main app:
 hamster-applet

Appindicator: hamster-indicator

I've grown fond of Hamster, and used it for tracking how long I worked on a Summer of Code project. It's added to your indicator menus (or systray). When you want to start/stop/change tasks, just hit Super+H and type what you are doing.

It makes some pretty nice statistics for you that can be exported as HTML, for sending to others. You can categorize parts of a job into groups to keep track of what exactly you're doing at the time.

Each task is labelled as [task]@[job]. For example, you could have dev@project, doc@project, etc. Hamster will do some auto-completion on these as well so most of the time you only need to type a few characters. Tags can be added to tasks as well for further categorization.

Screenshot by Toms Bauģis


Perhaps you should try reading the doc on the official Ubuntu site
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBookAir6-2/Trusty


The "problem" is your zsh.

Edit your .zshrc via

nano ~/.zshrc

and add

DISABLE_AUTO_TITLE=true

at the end of the file. After that, restart your session.


Which backup package can meet these requirements?

I'd write a simple bash script to run rsync for each type of backup you need. Nothing could be faster to run, and setting the options in any GUI backup utility is going to be about as complicated as a bash script running rsync.

A quick google search will find you a few good tutorials with examples. I've got three running as cron jobs on my desktop.


I don't know if this would work but it has for me before on different hardware. You could try to edit the /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf file adding at the end of the file the following

options snd-hda-intel position-fix=1

then, restart your machine and check if it works now.


GNOME Terminal itself doesn't provide such an option, so you have to manually operate on its database.

Beginning with version 3.8 it uses GSettings, which in turn (at least on Linux systems) uses dconf. It would probably be more elegant to go with the gsettings tool. Unfortunately I couldn't figure out how to dump all the relevant data there, let alone restore them. So let's use dconf.

Based on this article, you can dump your settings using:

dconf dump /org/gnome/terminal/ > gnome_terminal_settings_backup.txt

Reset (wipe out) the settings before loading a new one (probably not really required):

dconf reset -f /org/gnome/terminal/

Load the saved settings:

dconf load /org/gnome/terminal/ < gnome_terminal_settings_backup.txt

Disclaimer: I haven't tested the restore steps. I recommend that before the reset/load operations you back up your entire dconf database, which is stored in the single file ~/.config/dconf/user, using a simple standard filesystem copy operation (as opposed to some dconf command). In case of problem you can restore it just as easily (maybe from another terminal emulator or the Linux console).


gnome-themes-standard tries to overwrite a file from gnome-accessability-themes

You're trying to install two packages that contain the file /usr/share/themes/HighContrastInverse/index.theme at the same time. That's not possible. In natty, this file is in gnome-themes-standard 2.91.93-1 and not in gnome-accessibility-themes 2.32.1-0ubuntu1. You have third-party versions of both these packages, so you should report your problem as a bug to that third party. If the packages come from different third parties, then these are two incompatible packages sources, which may or may not be a bug they consider worth fixing. Do make sure that you have their latest version of gnome-accessibility-themes first: run

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gnome-accessibility-themes

The easiest solution to your problem is to wait for the package provider to fix the packages. Or, if nothing depends on gnome-accessibility-themes, you could try removing it.

The packaging tools actually offer a way to make two packages cohabit even when they provide a file in common. You can rename one of the packages' version of the file with dpkg-divert:

sudo dpkg-divert --rename --package gnome-accessibility-themes \
                 --divert /usr/share/themes/HighContrastInverse/index.theme.gnome-accessibility-themes \
                /usr/share/themes/HighContrastInverse/index.theme

I don't necessarily recommend this: there may be other incompatibilities between the packages that you'll only find out later, and it can get messy if there are a lot of conflicting files. If you try the diversion, dpkg-divert --remove --rename --package gnome-accessibility-themes /usr/share/themes/HighContrastInverse/index.theme will cancel its effects.


Intel RST (option rom, bios) raid and mdamd, how to?

I finally made it:

THe problem was that dmraid (the former mdadm) wos installed which is legacy,
I uninstalled that via apt-get.
Then created the raid with

 mdadm -C /dev/md/imsm /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdj -n 4 -e imsm
 mdadm -C /dev/md/vol0 /dev/md/imsm –n 3 –l 10

And now the output looks like this (AWESOME :)


focal-backports InRelease' doesn't support architecture '1386'

you should replace 1386 to i386, it's an I, not an 1.


After upgrading a wsl2 instance to Ubuntu 20 LTS, packages like build-essential cannot be installed

As @user535733 mentioned, downgrading is much easier.
I manage to downgrade all the dependencies and install the correct verison of gcc.
The trick is to make use of aptitude, that offers richer features than apt.
sudo apt install aptitude
sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude install build-essential

It gives me:
      Install the following packages:
1)      tcc [0.9.27-8 (focal)]

      Keep the following packages at their current version:
2)      build-essential [Not Installed]
3)      g++ [Not Installed]
4)      g++-9 [Not Installed]
5)      gcc [Not Installed]
6)      gcc-9 [Not Installed]
7)      libatomic1 [Not Installed]
8)      libgcc-9-dev [Not Installed]
9)      libitm1 [Not Installed]
10)     liblsan0 [Not Installed]
11)     libquadmath0 [Not Installed]
12)     libstdc++-9-dev [Not Installed]
13)     libtsan0 [Not Installed]
14)     libubsan1 [Not Installed]

Which is not what we want, so type n
Then aptitude will propose another solution, that looks like this:
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

     Downgrade the following packages:
1)     gcc-10-base [10.1.0-2ubuntu1~18.04 (now) -> 10-20200416-0ubuntu1 (focal)]
2)     libcc1-0 [10.1.0-2ubuntu1~18.04 (now) -> 10-20200416-0ubuntu1 (focal)]
3)     libgcc-s1 [10.1.0-2ubuntu1~18.04 (now) -> 10-20200416-0ubuntu1 (focal)]
4)     libgcc1 [1:10.1.0-2ubuntu1~18.04 (now) -> 1:10-20200416-0ubuntu1 (focal)]
5)     libgomp1 [10.1.0-2ubuntu1~18.04 (now) -> 10-20200416-0ubuntu1 (focal)]
6)     libstdc++6 [10.1.0-2ubuntu1~18.04 (now) -> 10-20200416-0ubuntu1 (focal)]

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] Y

We can accept this plan and then confirm the installtion.
Setting up build-essential (12.8ubuntu1) ...

When you see above line, it's done! Congratulations!


error failure writing sector to hd0, 966 bad sectors - do i need to replace hard drive?

Your drive is most likely dead, when the errors start to happen it is time get new one. You could try the bad blocks idea to mask them away but I have found they will soon die, like the 4TB I got rid of just this week, after doing that when the errors returned again.
And looking at that report in the updated posting as I posted that. It does nothing to dissuade me from that advice, if anything it confirms dying drive.


How can I edit a .conf file owned by root?

You need to open the terminal (ALT+CTRL+T) then enter:

gksu gedit /path/to/file.conf

Enter your password, then edit the file and save.


monitor colour profile not loading on startup

Well it's not really a fix, but I found that the problem was the nvidia-settings app (NVIDIA X Server Settings) was resetting/unloading the colour profile when it started up. I have removed (unticked) this entry from Startup Applications and now the colour profile stays applied on login.


You have to identify manufacturer of this stick, look the vendor id dmesg |tail -5 or lsusb, then download appropriate firmware soft (for example windows AlcorMP) then reformat your stick with last one. In fact that do not only format but also flash the usb microchip.

  NB: I'm not sure that this question is ubuntu specific, it should
  rather  be moved to superuser.com


How do I include basic image editing in my python application?

You can use Python Imaging Library (PIL), but you can also use Cairo. It also depends which graphical toolkit you're using for your app (GTK, Qt, something else...)

PIL tutorials - here is one and here's another one that should help you get started
PyGTK Cairo tutorial - a bit out of date, as Ubuntu 12.04 uses GTK3, and the tutorial is written for GTK2.


How would I get Ubuntu Server to automatically start programs on two virtual terminals?

To startup processes in a particular tty on startup, you have to edit this file: /etc/init/tty*.conf. Replace * with the tty number. Add your server's startup script to this file. An example may be:

exec /sbin/getty -n -l /path/to/minecraft-server/startup.sh -8 38400 tty1

(This might not let you log in if your script does not explicitly call /sbin/login!)

On retrospect, openvt might be more suitable for your needs. Edit your /etc/rc.local file and add the openvt command.

openvt -c 1 sh /path/to/minecraft-server/startup.sh

The script will be run on startup automatically @ tty1 this way :)

You'll  want to set up a cron job for the overviewer. cron is a program that schedules tasks (that you define/configure) to run at particular intervals. Read more about cron here.

A sample cron job entry for the overviewer might look like:

0 * * * * root /path/to/overviewer/overviewer --config ~/overviewer/config

This entry will go into the crontab file located at /etc/crontab.

The format of a crontab entry is:

minute hour day-of-month month day-of-week user command

Hope this helps!


Sony Vaio VPC-EC Series, CPU Temperature very high.

As you tagged your problems stems from the missing power-management drivers. I had similar issues with my Vaio VGN-SZ1XP and found some working drivers here: http://vaio-utils.org

Installation for the fan driver:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:vaiofand/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vaiofand

Installation for the power-management driver:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:vaiopower/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vaiopower

Your model isn't specifically listed, but with some luck this might still work.


How do I change how executable files are handled by the file manager?

Go to Edit>Preferences>Behavior in Nautilus, and change this option:

What these options mean:

"Run executable text files when they are opened"
This option will execute (run) text files as if they are programs (or scripts), but note that if the files are not scripts or have errors, you won't see a thing.

Note: This option is very risky, because it could allow you to run dangerous scripts accidentally.

"View executable text files when they are opened"
This option will provide the most comfortable behaviour, if you just need to view your text files (HTML, CSS, txt, etc). When you need to run actual scripts, you can right click them and choose to run them from the context menu, or use a terminal.

"Ask each time"
This option provides a safe balance between the two other options, allowing you to choose each time you double click on a text file, and providing a prompt that should help to avoid running risky files accidentally.


Asus TP200SA Touchscreen and Touchpad problem

Solved it/ Worked alround it by installing Ubuntu 15.10. Sadly not LTS, but it atleast works! :D


Cant Create New partition after uninstalling Ubuntu

You can only have 4 primary partitions on a single hard drive in Windows, and in that screenshot there I see 4 plus the free space.  If you would like to extend partitions, combine them, etc., then you'll have to use something like GParted.

You can download GParted at: http://gparted.org/


Ubuntu uses the sudo mechanism, rather than an administrator account. This allows the main user (and others, if configured) to elevate their privileges to run a command.

Enter your password at these prompts, not the admin password.


Mouse scrolling weird/unresponsive in virtual box

I had the same problem.
It seems it is a Virtual Box.
I found this Virtual Box forum post:

Fixed this issue, I ejected the guest.iso and inserted it again and it resolved the mouse scrolling issue.

I followed the suggested decision and it helped.
So eject guest additions, insert again and reinstall.


How to automatically install updates by a desktop user

Create a file of name, say, local.pkla, in the directory /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d, whose content should be

[Update Manager]
Identity=unix-user:enzotib
Action=org.debian.apt.upgrade-packages
ResultActive=yes

The text between square brackets is simply a comment, and you should substitute enzotib with the real username you want to give the ability to use update-manager without password.

To see possible Actions, run pkaction.

Reference: pklocalauthority manual page.
See also manual pages of pkaction, pkcheck, pkexec, polkit, polkitd.


Fingerprint activation in Dell Vostro 14 in Ubuntu 18.04

Yes, if the device is supported, according to Ubuntu documentation.

Open the Activities overview and start typing Users.

Click on Users to open the panel.

Press on Disabled, next to Fingerprint Login to add a fingerprint for the selected account. If you are adding the fingerprint for a different user, you will first need to Unlock the panel.

Select the finger that you want to use for the fingerprint, then Next.

Follow the instructions in the dialog and swipe your finger at a moderate speed over your fingerprint reader. Once the computer has a good record of your fingerprint, you will see a Done! message.

Select Next. You will see a confirmation message that your fingerprint was saved successfully. Select Close to finish.


What you could do is create your userscript and symlink it to /usr/share/unity-webapps/userscripts/unity-webapps-$NAME/$NAME.user.js:

($MYSCRIPTPATH is the full path to your script, probably somewhere in your home directory;$NAME is the name of your script)

sudo mkdir /usr/share/unity-webapps/userscripts/unity-webapps-$NAME
sudo ln -s $MYSCRIPTPATH /usr/share/unity-webapps/userscripts/unity-webapps-$NAME/$NAME.user.js

You'll also need to manually create a manifest file on /usr/share/unity-webapps/userscripts/unity-webapps-$NAME/manifest.json - you can just copy one from the other apps in the userscripts dir and modify the values according to your webapp.


How can I know which DVDs will play on my system?

As long as the region code on the DVD disk is compatible with your DVD player, it is fine. Instead of knowing a whitelist of DVD disks, it will be better if you know the compatibility of your DVD player/drive.

http://www.doom9.org/index.html?/rpc1.htm
the above link provides some info on how to check (and how to modify)

An alternative solution is to upgrade your player to bluray. All bluray discs are region-free, and you will not worry about incompatibility issues.