Using LADSPA Plugins to have a noise gate to my microphone

LADSPA-plugins to Pulse Audio
See this question on how to load and use LADSPA-plugins with pulseaudio:

How can I apply a LADSPA plugin to a PulseAudio stream?

TAP dynamics
For a compressor plugin we can use the TAP dynamics plugin from the tap-plugins .
The syntax for this plugin to load with pulseaudio is as follows:
pactl load-module module-ladspa-sink sink_name=LADSPA master=<sink-name> \
plugin=tap_dynamics_st label=tap_dynamics_st \
control=<attack>,<release>,<offset gain>,<makeup gain>,<stereo mode>,<function>

To get this plugin loaded we need to fill in all options above within the following possible range (from TAP documentation, also stored locally in usr/share/doc/tap-plugins/):
                   min.     default     max.
Attack (ms)         4        125        500
Release (ms)        4        502       1000
Offset Gain (dB)   -20        0          20
Makeup Gain (dB)   -20        0          20
Stereo Mode [2]     ?*        ?*         ?* *not documented well!
Function            0         0          14

The following function is selected by its number:
0  2:1 compressor at -6 dB
1  2:1 compressor at -9 dB
2  2:1 compressor at -12 dB
3  2:1 compressor at -18 dB
4  2.5:1 compressor at -12 dB
5  3:1 compressor at -12 dB
6  3:1 compressor at -15 dB
7  Compressor/Gate
8  Expander
9  Hard limiter at -6 dB
10 Hard limiter at -12 dB
11 Hard gate at -35 dB
12 Soft limiter
13 Soft knee compressor/gate
14 Soft gate below -36 dB
Apply to microphone source
To apply the LADSPA effect on a microphone source we can loopback the microphone input to this sink:

Apply LADSPA plugin to input (microphone)

Using JACK sound server
For a more professional audio processing we may also consider running the JACK sound server where we can add plugins for LADSPA effects (e.g. jack-rack ).
Post-processing with Audacity
Post-processing of exisiting audio files or recordings can be done with Audacity .


how to cancel print job in cannon lbp3108b in ubuntu 16.04lts

maybe doing :

lpstat -o

to find the printer and then:

cancel -a {printer}

or cancel -a -x to cancel all actual job list

To see all printer available do : lpstat -p


I think this is more of a forum question, because I think it'll take some back and forth.  Often, issues with booting to USB are related to BIOS settings.  It could be that you just need to rearrange to boot order.  Sometimes, even though USB is available as an option, the machine just won't (these same machines sometimes won't boot to CD, either).  The only way I've been able to reliably boot to USB is if I created the boot drive with UNetBootin, and have set the boot order properly.  Sometimes a cheating way to tell if the machine will recognize it is to shut down windows with the usb active ... sometimes windows will give you an error to let you know you still have a "disk" in the "drive."  Depending on how it's booting, you may also want to check the bootloader (ie: grub) to see if the timer is set to zero with the other operating system as default.


Can't install ubuntu 18.04 LTS BECAUSE THESE SERVICES RUNNING 100% OF MY CPU

Boot from the live usb and choose "Try Ubuntu without installing". When Ubuntu is up and running run gParted (type "gparted" in a terminal) and format an ext4 partition on your hard drive. Then reboot from the live usb and choose "Install Ubuntu" and install 18.04 onto the ext4 partition you have created.


How do I remove lines with sed that contain more than 1 word?

With sed you can use this:

sed -i '/\w .*/d' file

or this, if the first word can contain anything but whitespace:

sed -i '/\S .*/d' file

-i: modify the file in place.
/\w .*/d: if the pattern /\w .*/ (i.e. a word, a space and everything after that) is matched, delete (d at the end) the whole line.
/\S .*/d: if the pattern /\S .*/ (i.e. anything but whitespace, a space and everything after that) is matched, delete (d at the end) the whole line.

You have many options to do the same thing with awk. In all of the following cases, -i inplace is used to modify the file in place:

Print only the lines which don't have a second field:

awk -i inplace '!$2' file

Print only the lines for which the second field is empty:

awk -i inplace '$2 == ""' file

Print only the lines for which the number of fields (NF) is smaller than 2 (equal to 1) (thanks steeldriver!):

awk -i inplace 'NF<2' file

or

awk -i inplace 'NF==1' file

Print only the lines for which the length of the second field is not zero:

awk -i inplace '!length($2)' file

Note that the -i inplace flag works only for awk versions greater than 4.1. For versions lower than this, the equivalent is to first save to an intermediate file and then rename this file as the initial one. For example, the first option would be like this:

awk '!$2' file > tmp && mv tmp file

In all cases the output is this:

This
not
printed-now.


Dell DA200 Adapter not working on Ubuntu

contrary to what the other answers to this question suggest, the da200 adapter is not a displaylink device (unlike its predecessor, i believe). it's a "docking station" adapter that connects to the usb-c port, and provides hdmi, vga, ethernet, and usb ports.

currently there seems to be a problem with the graphics on this device. the laptop does see an external screen, but it will remain black. only when a low resolution is chosen (usually much lower than the preferred resolution of the monitor or tv that is attached) the display "works".

more information and details about this issue is available from these bug reports:

https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=93578
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=94567


Does Windows recognize symlinks created under Ubuntu?

When running inside a VM, Windows does not have direct access to the host's filesystem, which contains your shared folder (actually, if that was possible it would most certainly destroyed the filesystem when two OSes tried to write data to it).

Instead, VirtualBox (guest additions) provides a translation layer between your guest OS and the host filesystem. From the host's point of view, VirtualBox is just another user-space application which reads and writes to the filesystem using kernel's system calls, so it does not care about the actual filesystem type as long as kernel understands it.

For Windows (or another host OS) it looks like a network drive, so it can access the data as it would on any other network drive.


Can I run Ubuntu applications in Xubuntu?

Yes, both Ubuntu and Xubuntu use same repository. So, you can install and use gnome applications such as gnome-terminal in Xubuntu. But mind it, you can't use gnome-session in Xubuntu.

I myself used Xubuntu with gnome or Ubuntu applications, such as gnome-terminal, gedit etc. It's perfectly ok, unless you tried to run gnome or Ubuntu sessions on top of Xubuntu session.

Comment by the OP:

  So, I can even create programs using GTK, right? Using Anjuta or gEdit + GCC

Yes, of course. As long you installed the gtk libraries and necessary development tools.

What is the difference between the various Ubuntu flavours?
What is the difference between Ubuntu+XFCE and Xubuntu?


hold the Enter key until you see some any change, I have a similar problem and resolve it, I think is a problem with the ahci mode, but I have more than a year without try to solved it.


How do I use my /home partition from Kubuntu in Xubuntu?

You will need gparted for this

 sudo apt-get install gparted

Now DO A BACKUP OF BOTH YOUR CURRENT HOME FOLDER AND THE OLD PARTITION!

ALSO: EDITING THIS FILE CAN SERIOUSLY SCREW UP YOUR INSTALLATION! BE WARNED!

Now you need to run gparted (system -> Administration -> Gparted in GNOME)
Now select your partition, right click and go info. See that UUID? Select it and copy it.
Now open a terminal, and go

 sudo nano /etc/fstab

At the bottom of the file, add

UUID=12265fc6-ee5f-47d4-ba28-dd01532f0b22  /home           ext4    defaults        0       2

Noting the spaces. Also, pasting in the terminal uses Ctrl+Shift+V.

Replace 12265fc6-ee5f-47d4-ba28-dd01532f0b22 with the actual UUID of your drive.
Press Ctrl+x then y then enter. Do a reboot. Hopefully you should have all your music and what not there.


Tilt of laptop causing "Unknown key pressed" syslog entries

I think the problem must be a G-sensor, that is of course if your laptop is equipped with one.


Take a look at github.com/masmu/pulseaudio-dlna. It was designed for your purpose.

You can choose which application to play on your tv via pavucontrol.


How can I access Flash files from streaming websites?

You can use several Firefox addons in order to extract the FLV files from many websites such as Youtube.

I'll show below how to do this MANUALLY with the latest version of the Flash plugin.

Visit the YouTube video and wait for it to be downloaded fully.
Then, run from the command line the command

$ lsof -n | grep Flash

which shows the files (even memory files!), and filters to those that have Flash in their name.
You get something like

plugin-co 2461          user   17u      REG                8,5  1693301     524370 /tmp/FlashXXVkHEM6 (deleted).

Now, there is a /tmp/FlashXXVkHEM6 but it has been deleted.
In Linux, if a file is deleted, it is actually gone only when all programs that opened it earlier are closed. That is, the Flash plugin is using a trick to hide the /tmp/FlashXXVkHEM6 file. It creates it and immediately deletes it. But since the Flash plugin keeps running, it can apparently still use it.
From the above line we note the number 2461, which is the process ID. In your case it will be probably different. Then, run

$ cd /proc/2461/fd

and finally execute

$ ls -l

This will show you the memory files, and specifically

lrwx------ 1 user user 64 2011-09-16 10:23 17 -> /tmp/FlashXXVkHEM6 (deleted)

The number '17' (in my case) is the filename you can use to access the deleted /tmp/FlashXXVkHEM6. Therefore, simply run

$ cp 17 /tmp/myyoutubevideo.flv

and you restore the Youtube Video!

That's it! You manually recovered the Youtube video!


How to make sure all internet traffic only goes througth VPN?

By running this script at startup i solved the problem explained in your post

# Delete all existing rules
iptables -F

# Allow from local network
iptables -A OUTPUT -d 192.168.2.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -s 192.168.2.0/24 -j ACCEPT

# Allow OpenVPN
iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT

# Deny eth0
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -j DROP


Regarding your question #1, which version you should choose. The packages have been build for three distros, but as far as I can see not in their package manager format (RPM), which  means that you will not be able to convert it automagically to Ubuntu using alien.

Why are there different versions of the package for different systems? Well, the systems or different versions thereof can contain different sets and versions of libraries that the binaries have been build against. Without knowing, which libraries are these, there is no telling which version would run on Ubuntu.

Therefore, I would do the following: download several versions of the package, unzip them (tar xzf) and try to run the binaries. Some of them will complain about missing libraries. If you are lucky, you will find a version that is happy with what is installed on your system. If not, you will have to manually install whatever is needed. If necessary, download all of the versions and go through them one by one, using apt-cache to find out what libraries you could provide easily, and which will be a pain in the neck to install.

Come back to this forum with specifiic problems.

Regarding your question #2: Wine does not run all of the Windows software. Some applications need trickery and magic to make them work. Others will not run whatsoever. There are also alternatives to Wine, however. First, there is Playonlinux (build on Wine).

Then, my favorite solution to run MS Office at the odd times when I'm needing it: install virtualbox and a full Windows installation within that. Of course, if you spend more time working within that vbox installation then in Ubuntu, you got to ask yourself -- do I really need Ubuntu?

In your particular case, if attempts to install using OpenSuse or CentOS packages fail, you could install virtualbox with OpenSuse or Centos or SLES, and install your package within.


How can I add a script to nautilus for running selected file as administrator?

Information on using sudo or gksudo on scripts without password
You need to do the following, on the terminal type sudo visudo and add a line like this at the end of the file specifying the commands you want to run without typing the sudo password:
<yourusername> hostname=NOPASSWD: <command1>, <command2>

Now you can run the specified commands without password as long as you type that command with sudo.
ie: lets you want to run shutdown -r now without having to type sudo password everytime and your username is 'joedoe'

type sudo visudo on a terminal

Add joedoe hostname=NOPASSWD: shutdown -r now as a new line at the end of the file

on your script you can then use sudo shutdown -r now without having to type the sudo password.

To create a scrip use your favorite editor to create a <nameofyourscript>.sh with the contents:
#! /bin/bash

sudo <commandsyouwanttorun1>
<commandsyouwanttorun2>
sudo<commandsyouwanttorun3>

Use sudo to call commands that need it, it wont ask for password as long as you added that on the NOPASSWD: <commmand1>, <command2>, etc line in visudo.
After that you need to make it executable with: sudo chmod 755 <nameofyourscript>.sh.
Now you can run your script using sh <nameofyourscript>.sh on a terminal, by double clicking on it and selecting run on the dialog box or put them in your ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/ which then will be available on your scripts menu when you right click on nautilus:

Create a right-click "Open as admin" without password
To create a scrip that opens files using administrator permissions by right clicking on them and making it so that no passwords will be asked create a script with the following:
#! /bin/bash
for file in $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS; do
gksudo "gnome-open $file" &
done

Save it on your ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/, make it executable with sudo chmod 755 ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/<nameofyourscript>.sh, using sudo visudo add the line <yourusername> ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/gnome-open and save the file.
You should be able to right-click a file, move to your scripts folder and selecting the script you just created to open that file using root permistions. gnome-open will handle the file type as good as possible.


Can i reasonably link in C code to an application managed with quickly?

I think the short answer is no, Quickly was not designed to mix and match Python and C code.

If you are interested in this topic, I'd suggest reading the Python documentation on how to extend the language with C.

My suggestions would be though, to either:

Write the application in Python, and benchmark the performance of your number-crunching routines. This will give you some data to decide whether Python is fast enough for your purposes, or
Write the application solely in C

If you want to link existing C libraries into Python code, you might also want to have a look at ctypes. Here's a quick example for Linux libs.


Liberation Sans for everything except fixed width. I use monospace for fixed width. Xubuntu x64. I'm grateful that Chrome renders fonts so well in Xubuntu. I would agree that in most other distros that I've tried except Elementary and Lubuntu font rendering in 64bit Chrome is sub-par. It's just as bad in 64bit Windows.


Use of the Ubuntu Font in website design!

Short Answer: Yes it is.

Long Answer: Please read the license, especially the part "Permission & Conditions".

  This licence allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and redistributed freely. The fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded, and redistributed provided the terms of this licence are met. The fonts and derivatives, however, cannot be released under any other licence.


Let systemd create TUN/TAP device at startup?

On 18.04 networkd seems enabled, and seems to exist with NetworkManager.

Here's how to get systemd to create a tap device. You create a netdev file and restart systemd-networkd.

# /etc/systemd/network/90-tap0.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=tap0
Kind=tap

[Tap]
Group=vhost-net

See systemd.netdev(5) for more info on the file format and the Tap/Tun section.
The vhost-net is a group I am using to restrict access to that device. You may not need that.

When you edit the netdev file, restart networkd to apply the changes.
You can also examine the tap0 device to see if it is set up the way you want:

# systemctl restart systemd-networkd
# ip link show dev tap0
# ip tuntap list


I have the same Notebook, but running it with the arch based distro Manjaro. I used to have the same annoying behaviour and with the help of the great forum support of manjaro, we found a solution, which will probably help you too.

The culprit is the power management tlp. There, after a few seconds, some input devices were send to sleep after a few seconds.

I think tlp is the same like in manjaro as it is in ubuntu and so the solution will be the same or easily customizable for Ubuntu.

(thanks to the manjaro volunteer dgit):

sudo nano /etc/default/tlp

This lets you edit the tlp settings. You should find the line below and edit it like that:

RUNTIME_PM_DRIVER_BLACKLIST="amdgpu nouveau nvidia radeon pcieport i2c_hid hid_multitouch serio i8042 psmouse atkbd synaptics hid_multitouch"

You see, these is a driver blacklist, which excludes now our input devices (touchpas and trackball).

You can now save this with CTRL+X, hit Y to succeed and write in the terminal:

sudo systemctl enable tlp

Then reboot and the touchpad should always be working on first touch.

So, but now we also want to make it work, when we dont use it in AC mode, but on battery. Again, switch to edit the tlp setting, look for the following line and edit it like that:

# Runtime Power Management for PCI(e) bus devices: on=disable, auto=enable.
RUNTIME_PM_ON_AC=on
RUNTIME_PM_ON_BAT=on

Here is the original link to the forum:

Dell 7490 Touchpad Issue lag at use after 3-4 seconds

Again, give credits to user dgit or if you ever on the streets, give him a hug.


In general

In general, this would be a typical task for a pivot table. Starting with the database table shown below, you would define a pivot table to sum the distinct items as follows:

This will give you the following result table:

Using Gnumeric

Sadly, Gnumeric doesn't support pivot tables yet - so i used LibreOffice to create the screenshots above.

With gnumeric, you could use the DSUM function instead. It will sum the amounts for a given item, but it has the disadvantage that it won't calculate the sums for all items automatically; instead, you'll have to insert DSUM functions (and criteria tables) for every distinct item. So, it's quite cumbersome to use this functionality. Here's an example for a gnumeric sheet using the DSUM function:

Cell F2 holds the formula =dsum(A2:C6;3;A9:C10): A2:C6 is the database (on the screenshot: in light green), 3 is the column to sum up ("Amount"), and A9:C10 is the criteria table (light cyan), selecting only rows with item "Apple".

Correspondingly, F3 has =dsum(A2:C6;3;A13:C14): almost the same, only the second criteria table instead of the first.


External 4k Monitor on Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro

I'm using it with a AMH A399U 3840x2160 monitor with a microHDMI–HDMI cable.  Getting 30Hz.

Hardware

The HDMI connection seems somewhat sensitive — at some points some of my cables and/or one of the 2 HDMI ports on monitor didn't work at 4K.  I'm unable to say if the laptop, the cables or the monitor were to blame.  But overall I've settled on a connection that works.

Apparently the Yoga's HDMI port is slightly too deep for some cables, can be fixed by shaving off some plastic.  I haven't tried that but I can confirm moving the cable (any of several I tried) easily disconnects it.

On frequency: My monitor claims 60Hz via HDMI 2.0 and DisplayPort; the Yoga 2 Pro is only capable of 30Hz over its HDMI 1.4 (or 1.3?).
(IIUC HDMI 2.0 is not coming to laptops anytime soon, except maybe via nVidia cards.)

On MST / single-stream: I think my monitor uses MST to achieve 4K (pretends to be 2 screens).  This is invisible to me — all software treats it as one video output.  Can't say if it will work with newer single-stream monitors (don't know if Yoga can send single stream nor if all such monitors also accept MST).  I think that's a hardware—hardware question, so a report from a Windows user for your specific monitor should be enough.

The only non-HDMI way to get 4K out of the Yoga is via USB3 -> DisplayPort or USB3 -> HDMI adapters; I haven't tried any and I'm not sure there are any exist with linux drivers (Pluggable are fantastical about linux  and but none of their 4K adapters does).  Also, I think they all use lossy compression to fit USB3 bandwidth.

Performance

We're using it for reading and coding, and some movie watching.  The Haswell GPU is definitely not enough for 3D gaming at 4K.

4K streaming from Youtube doesn't work well.  Left to "auto" it settles on 1080p / 1440p.  Not sure if it's network speed (10–20Mbps here) or decoding speed but I'm resorting to youtube-dl and then playing locally.

4K decoding in Gnome Videos app and MPlayer seems to be smooth; VLC tends to struggle.  However there's constant screen tearing.  I suspect that's resolvable, haven't looked into it yet.

Software configuration

Turning off the internal display and enabling the HDMI just worked.
So did extending the desktop — half here half there (I did it vertically; don't remember if there was a horizontal width limitation or I just wanted one on top of the other).  In any case, due to the Yoga screen's very high pixel density, it was an awkward setup.  (Per-screen UI scaling is practically non-existant in linux yet.)
Touching things on the laptop's screen is sometimes nice, so I settled on a config showing same desktop on both screens.  The resolutions are not that different, so I'm set it to draw at 4K and scale down for the internal screen, using this command:

xrandr --output HDMI1 -s 3840x2160 --transform none --pos 0x0 --output eDP1 -s 3200x1800 --scale-from 3840x2160 --pos 0x0

[https://github.com/cben/myenv/blob/master/bin/4k]


How to reset the root password of the Ubuntu system on Live CD?

Basically you can change every squash (aka live) system. There some tools available. All have in common that you need a running Linux System, an ISO Image (e.g a downloaded Ubuntu20.04.iso) and some spare memory/space.
This is the only way to alter the contents of an ISO, since it mimics a CD or DVD which is not writable.
If you want to take this path you could look up the Ubuntu LiveCDCustomization (this works) or check the article for a GUI driven solution.
In each case the ISO needs to be unpacked/copied, its contents altered and put back into an ISO file which you could use.


How to fix Video tearing with KDE and ati drivers?

The AMD Catalyst software has an option to reduce tearing.

Open a terminal and type kdesudo amdcccle, then find the section for reducing tearing and check the option.

Additionally, I should mention that I had some tearing issues with VLC and Totem a while ago (before the 13.1 driver was released), but using smplayer instead of VLC dramatically improved my video playback. If the Catalyst option doesn't work for you, give smplayer a try and see if that helps.


Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

I'll assume you have added a second (or more) keyboard layouts. If so, a keyboard indicator will appear on the top of your screen.

If you click on it, a menu will appear; go to the last option, Keyboard layout configuration.... You'll see the same settings window from where you added the additional layout(s):

Note: You would have more than one keyboard layout listed on the left-hand section.

Click on the Options... button on the lower right corner.

On the "Keyboard layout options" window, navigate down to Key(s) to change layout, click on it and select the combination of keys that better suit you.

Note: please keep in mind that my system is in Spanish, so the actual phrasing or words of the options, menus or applications might be somewhat different from what I've written in English. Feel free to correct (me or the post directly).


For 11.10-12.10

If you click and drag the window and put your mouse against the top taskbar your window should maximise filling exactly one workspace without overlapping on others. As an example if you want to check whether it is working correctly, a typical window maximised window should look like the following:

If you want windows side by side the same can be done by dragging to window against the left or the right hand side, this way your window will change size to fill up exactly have the current workspace without overlapping on the other workspaces heres another screenshot to clarify:

Hope this helps, I've never had any issues with this, also when your window is about to maximise you will get an orange outline showing the space that your window will take up once you've let go of the mouse click.


Ubuntu on nvidia tegra 2 (motorola xoom 3g)?

If the architecture of the chips turns out to be similar enough to run the same build then the follow up questions would be if the build can support the other chips that are different from the Nexus to the Xoom and not leave a xoom essentially bricked for the effort in one way or another. I will try and find a list of chips such as wifi and such in the specs of each.


Are there different options for terminal autocomplete (tab) behaviour?

See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7179642/how-can-i-make-bash-tab-completion-behave-like-vim-tab-completion It explains how to set up bash to work more like windows, where it cycles through the possible completions.


You could just set up a cron job to run say, every 2 hours like this....

sudo crontab -e

When the editor starts, add this to the end

0 */2 * * *  apt-get autoremove

If you are using the default editor (nano) hit Control O (the letter) and Enter to save and then Control X to exit.


How to add an image at the end of a video from the terminal

The easiest way to do this with ffmpeg is create a video with just the png file

ffmpeg -loop 1 -i input.png -c:v libx264 -t 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p picture.mp4

Note: -t 30is how long you want the image to be displayed for in seconds

Then combine the two into a single video

ffmpeg -i "concat:input.mp4|picture.mp4" -c copy output.mp4

Hope that helps!

Good luck :)


You don't need 'root' in the crontab listing, (unless you have a program root that you are using to run your script).

If ypu are editing your crontab with sudo crontab -e (/var/spool/cron/crontabs/root), then you do not need a username. If you are editing the system-wide crontab (/etc/crontab), then you do need a username listed.

E.x.

sudo crontab -e

SHELL=/bin/bash

# Check for minecraft server updates
* * * * * minecraft_update > /tmp/cron.out

# TEST
* * * * * env > /tmp/env.out

OR nano /etc/crontab

SHELL=/bin/bash

# Check for minecraft server updates
* * * * * root minecraft_update > /tmp/cron.out

# TEST
* * * * * root env > /tmp/env.out

Source


Display Manager gdm3 not working under Ubuntu 17.04

This is a well-known bug that has recently been fixed for 17.04 and earlier in the package nvidia-graphics-drivers-375.

Check this link for more details: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-gnome/+bug/1559576

Installing that package should fix your issue.

Ubuntu 17.10 seems to still have the issue as of July 2017. For more details on that, check this link: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-shell/+bug/1705369

Update: the latest bug (1705369) has a workaround, check the the link for more details. Also, like @Tim Richardson mentioned in the comments, lightdm works. From the terminal, execute the following:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

then choose lightdm.


Replace the lines 57 and 58 (58 is commented out, so does not get processed, but is wrong anyway)

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ partner

with the following:

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ trusty partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ trusty partner

The reason for your error is that those two lines somehow got messed up and were wrong in syntax: The name of your Ubuntu version (trusty = 14.04) was missing.


What's the difference between the php7.0-sqlite and php-sqlite3 packages?

php7.0-sqlite3 is the package that provides the PHP plugins for SQLite3 Database support.

php-sqlite3 is a metapackage that pulls in php7.0-sqlite3 (in Xenial).  Part of the migration was that it is easier to just define a dependency on php-sqlite3 or similar so if we ever go to php7.1 or such, and a package just depends on php-sqlite3 it automatically pulls in the correct version.  This also makes it easier on setup scripts and users to just install php-sqlite3 instead of having to memorize what PHP numeric version is in use (or worse, hardcode the version to use).


Trying to install popcorn time 3.2 on Ubuntu 16.04

Try this bro, it's working 100 %.

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-popcorn-time-movie-player-on-ubuntu-16-04-xenial-xerus-linux


Help finding/installing kernel headers-3.11.0-14-generic

You need to have this package linux-headers-3.11.0-14-generic

It can be installed by running the command below, just a single step.

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-3.11.0-14-generic


Wireless greyed out with an Intel 3945ABG

Try connecting to your router or modem with an ethernet cable and then check the Additional Drivers program (open up Launcher and search for "driver" and it should come up). I have a laptop with an Intel wireless card and I had to install the driver from Additional Drivers.


I set Windows C: drive as active and now my Ubuntu partition has become free space (unallocated)

I solved the problem using GNU Parted.
Other methods of recovering are mentioned in the Ubuntu Documentation.
Advantage of choosing GNU Parted:
No need to download it, it is included in Ubuntu base.

  How to use GNU Parted

  Run Parted from the command line to recover your partition.

  When changing the partition table on your hard drive, you must ensure
  that no partition on the disk is mounted. This includes swap space.
  The easiest way to accomplish this is to run the live cd. Parted is
  installed on the base Ubuntu system. Once at the desktop, open a
  terminal and run_:

sudo swapoff -a or you can use Gparted partition editor to achieve the same. Next run parted and tell it to use the device in question.

  For example, if your /dev/sda drive is the drive from which you want
  to recover, run:

sudo parted /dev/sda

Enter the following command to ensure the unit used is 's':

unit s

Now you can use the print and rescue command to recover your partition as explained in the user manual as follows:

Enter the following command to get details of all partitions and their start and end locations:

print

Now we can enter the final rescue command:

rescue START END

Use the values for start and end from the output of the print command.

If you have more than one partition to recover, repeat you rescue command.

You won't need to restore GRUB.


You have thought out your operation clearly in advance and have tested most of the steps, and it looks correct. So, onto your doubts:

sda3 is Microsoft Reserved Partition. It is not used by Linux, and mostly used only by Windows (basically on first boot) for doing things that earlier (on MBR) disks were done by hidden disks. Windows requires it to be exactly AFTER EFI partition, and BEFORE Windows OS partition. DON'T NUKE THIS PARTITION.

This complicates things for you, for in future if you want to install Windows, it will fail unless you have >= 128MB unallocated free space (or a MSFT Reserve Partition) available exactly next to EFI. So, my advice, leave it there. Windows will need it for later Windows install.

Yes. Actually, you have a misconception here. You can't extend your partitions  to the left (which is what you are doing essentially). You MOVE your existing partition to left, to the place you want it to be, and AFTER that extend the partition to the right. This bit is complicated, and read up on parted move partition to left. After this, you run resize2fs to extend the filesystem to fill the partition.

So, three steps:

Move partition to left
Expand partition to right
Resize file system to fill the new expanded partition

Remember, partition is different from the filesystem occupying it.

Nuke 1,5,6 to your heart's content. They are useless and a new Windows Install can anyways remake the ones you ACTUALLY need. Feel free to nuke them.
If you are planning (even if later) of actually installing Windows to this disk, it would be sensible to save the Windows Product Key (for activation).

Generally, Windows Key is saved (on Windows 8 and above laptops) in the BIOS, so windows generally shouldn't need it while installing Windows (it can get it directly, along with the manufacturer and their logo), but still, keeping the key is useful if you are planning some upgrades later.


I've just answer your question in a a question similar to this some time ago...

Heres a link to it...

Re installing Chrome and Flash player


Ubuntu doesn't seem to shut down unless I force kill it. suggestions?

From the bug report I linked to, it sounds like some people resolved this issue by various means:

Reinstalling all gnome-keyring packages
Running

sudo gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

in a terminal, then removing the autologin-user= YOUR USERNAME line and running

sudo shutdown -h now

Killing plexmediaserver, if installed
Doing a fresh reinstall of the whole OS

I have not tried any of these methods myself (I was previously affected but not anymore), so I cannot say from personal experience which of these would likely work for you. Be sure to backup any data before trying any of these suggestions.


What exactly does the state "ic" in dpkg mean?

From dpkg, letters in column on the left:

  ic = (this is a tough one) I don't really know but I'd guess that
  you've asked dpkg to install this package but something went wrong and
  currently only its config files are installed -- reinstalling the
  package might help


After installing Ubuntu, I also formatted the ext4 partition and then I was stuck with grub rescue for 2 days. I think you also did the same thing. And now, without boot partition, you don`t have the necessary files to boot with insmod normal. I had no other option but to boot from windows 7 installation media disk (Note- you can use any windows 7,8,8.1,10 installation media disk, let it be a CD or USB. Ask a friend whether they have installation media disk available or not. You just need to somehow get to use the cmd) and fix the bootloader. Visit this link for the steps for rescue.
Please let me know whether this helped or not.


The cdfs-src package is deprecated (reason: doesn't work with linux 3.1 or later) since Ubuntu 13.04, you won't find a repo to install it for 14.04.

Since ISO 9660 is also known as CDFS (Compact Disc File System), I would try as suggested by Archemar to mount your video CD with:

sudo mount -t iso9660 -o ro /dev/sr0 /media/data/cd

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9660


When I try to install Ubuntu on my laptop, already having Windows 8.1

You would need to create a new partition for Ubuntu to install on. You can use the partition editor GParted.
http://gparted.sourceforge.net/

You can create a live cd and boot into that and then resize your hard drive to create a new partition.
You can follow this step by step guide to use GParted
http://www.bleepingcomputer.com/tutorials/resizing-adding-partitions-with-gparted-live/

From there you can install Ubuntu to the new partition


I have ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'server' when i enter nvidia-detector

workaround is to add these lines in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/NvidiaDetector/nvidiadetector.py:
--- nvidiadetector.py   2020-08-09 15:54:01.089855652 +0400
+++ /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/NvidiaDetector/nvidiadetector.py 2020-08-09 16:26:15.321390371 +0400
@@ -160,6 +160,8 @@
             # package names can be like "nvidia-173:i386" and we need to
             # extract the driver flavour from the name e.g. "173"
             stripped_package_name = package.name.split('-')[-1].split(':', 1)[0]
+            if not stripped_package_name.isnumeric():
+                stripped_package_name = package.name.split('-')[-2].split('-', -1)[0]
             driver_version = self.__get_value_from_name(stripped_package_name)

             try:

because one of the packages uses a string suffix after the version number.


It looks like you may have a problem with your DNS as download.virtualbox.org resolves to the addresses 23.63.99.67 or 23.63.99.89

This answer gives a lot of good advice on fixing your issue.

For a quick fix you could add the line:

dns-nameservers 192.168.1.254 8.8.8.8

To the main network interface in your /etc/network/interfaces file, after you've edited it, do changing eth0 to the correct interface name if necessary:

ifdown eth0 && ifup eth0

Once you've done this check that the name resolves to the correct addresses by using:

host download.virtualbox.org

If you see 23.63.99.67 and 23.63.99.89 then your update command should work properly.


Is there a kernel 5.8 ppa for ubuntu 20.04?

You can install the 5.8 kernel to Ubuntu 20.04 now by running
sudo apt install linux-generic-hwe-20.04-edge

The kernel will get updates.
But if you wait some time (it is a matter of days) linux-generic-hwe-20.04 (without edge) will also pull the 5.8 kernel.
Update: Now we have linux-generic-hwe-20.04 pointing to the 5.8 kernel. If you've installed the edge, it is better to remove it by
sudo apt remove linux-{image,headers}-generic-hwe-20.04-edge
sudo apt install linux-generic-hwe-20.04


Test this:

Download these files:

64bits
http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libj/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg62-turbo_1.3.1-11_amd64.deb
http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/x/xscreensaver/xscreensaver_5.30-1+b1_amd64.deb
http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/x/xscreensaver/xscreensaver-data_5.30-1+b1_amd64.deb
http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/x/xscreensaver/xscreensaver-gl_5.30-1+b1_amd64.deb

32bits
http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libj/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg62-turbo_1.3.1-11_i386.deb
http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/x/xscreensaver/xscreensaver_5.30-1+b1_i386.deb
http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/x/xscreensaver/xscreensaver-data_5.30-1+b1_i386.deb
http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/x/xscreensaver/xscreensaver-gl_5.30-1+b1_i386.deb

With gdebi install them in this order:

libjpeg62-turbo
xscreensaver
xscreensaver-data
xscreensaver-gl


Segmentation fault (core dumped) while trying to install PyCBC

I fixed the issue with the following:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y upgrade
sudo apt-get install -y python-pip

(Note there is no 3).

And then:

pip install lalsuite pycbc

All seems to be working now. I suspect it had something to do with:

"at this time, PyCBC supports Python2. Python3 support is under development" (from  https://pycbc.org/pycbc/latest/html/install.html). If anyone has a better answer please let me know but for now this seemed to fix it.


That is 100% correct and intended.

Letters are assigned to partitions based on how quickly the partitions are ready when booting. Use the filesystem label, UUID, or disk ID to identify a partition. Not the device itself.

What is likely is that your boot partition had a filesystem check. That takes a few seconds. In that time your non-boot partition was ready and got the 1st letter. Then the boot partition got the 2nd letter.


There are quite a few programs that can do that. One of the most well-known is Tomboy, and Screenlets is another option.
Tomboy
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Tomboy

Installation
Part of the default Ubuntu installation
Tomboy works great with Dropbox!
Screenlets
Other program is through Screenlets:

In terminal type

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:screenlets-dev/ppa
then
sudo apt-get update
and finally
sudo apt-get install screenlets

Go to Application > Accessories > Screenlets

In the Screenlets-manager window select the screenlet "Lipik"
(click on it)

If you want notes to automatically start on log-in check the checkbox "Auto start on login" (bottom-left side)

click "launch/add" (left side)

if you do not want notes to stay always above other windows,
right-click on the top of note > Window > uncheck "Keep above"

Source


In Ubuntu you just have to download it from the official repositories with apt.
sudo apt install zfs

Setting up a RAIDZ2 requires running:
sudo zpool create pool-henrik raidz2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde /dev/sdf /dev/sdg /dev/sdh

By default, Ubuntu will mount the disk pool in the root of the operating system /.
So if we want to access it and its data, we must go to the:
 /pool-henrik/directory.

In case you want to add disks to the pool, it is done with the command:
sudo zpool add pool-henrik /dev/sdx


This one will remain unsolved. Closer examination of xev showed that both buttons 6 and 7 and buttons 8 and 9 return a button press of 6 and 7 respectively. Button 8 and Button 9 codes are not sent at all. This is a Logitech Ergo trackball, so maybe the Windows driver has something to do with that (running through Hyper-V manager via enhanced session/xrdp). In any case, it is not possible to distinguish between the two sets of buttons.
I've removed the ButtonMap and disabled buttons 8-10. This way I still get 4-axis scroll, but I use the keyboard for forward/back. Too bad, I'd gotten used to it.


Kubuntu 20.04 Hangs Before Every Reboot (Failed to umount /oldroot)

It sounds like you've got LVM setup which makes things complicated.
The "Failed to umount /oldroot" is an issue I do not have on my Ubintu 20.04 desktop system and therefore am unable to help you with. It is not related to LVM either.
LVM setup had hit me we with "Could not detach DM /dev/dm-0: Device or resource busy" error message on shutdown when I upgraded from 18.04 to 20.04. Turned out that my "ubuntu" VG information did not match DM setup after upgrade. Fixed it with vgck command as follows:  sudo vgck --updatemetadata ubuntu
You are to replace "ubuntu" with VG name matching your setup of course.


unable to boot ubuntu after refreshing windows 8

As I am not able to comment because of less reputations I am commenting here.
In Windows 8 there are 2 types of boot from which Secure boot is responsible for starting Windows 8 (by default). Go to BIOS settings and disable Secure boot, then Restart .You will get an option now. If still not working change the priority of boot from BIOS settings and keep it Ubuntu by default.
If still it does not work comment here.


How to change default behavior when iPod is plugged in?

I found it! In System Settings > Details > Removable Media that same old menu can be found, where you can adjust all of the default applications for various types of removable media, e.g. Music players, CDs, DVDs, photos...


Gparted doesn't detect available space in an LVM volume

The solution was described here (Thanks for linking Parsa Mousavi). I needed to:
sudo lvresize --verbose --resizefs -L -800G /dev/ubuntu-vg/root

sudo pvmove --alloc anywhere /dev/sda2:yyyy-end

Then I could resize my partitions in gparted. Pvmove was necessary because the free space needed to be moved to the end of the partition, as described in the linked solution.
[Edit] Plot twist - After resizing my partition with gparted, the LVM partition no longer works, and my grub installation is broken. Now I just boot into my default OS (ubuntu 18.04) and can no longer access the LVM partition. It tells me
"error mounting /dev/dm-0 at /media/mars/: wrong fs type, pad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root, missing codepage or helper program, or other error."
Not a very helpful error message tbh. I thought LVM was supposed to make the process of resizing partitions easier, but it also makes the process of destroying your partitions eaiser too. I ran a bunch of diagnostics but don't have time to update here just yet, will update again over the weekend.


If you're running apps outside the shell command line that will always run with your UID, you can create session-wide environment variables by adding them to ~/.pam_environment, rather than .bash_aliases.

If you're running apps outside the shell command line that will not always run with your UID, system-wide environment variables by adding them to /etc/environment, rather than .bash_aliases.

However: Creating system-wide environment variables will affect ALL users, including root. If the variable you set overwrites another, bad things will happen. Adding something onto the end of PATH doesn't seem like it will cause any havoc, but seeing as you don't have root, you would need your sysadmin to do it for you, and s/he can probably advise you as to whether it is safe to add it. Whether s/he actually allows you to do this is something else entirely; anything user-related is best kept within the config files within their home folder, and it is not normally 'done' to have a users configuration affecting the whole system!


This is a nice idea.
If you are planning to have a desktop per activity I think it will be natural to also have a different launcher for each desktop and place/lock on the launcher the applications that belong to the specific activity/desktop.

If you like this idea then assigning a unique launcher for each desktop is discussed in this question.


Failed to upgrade new hardware support for Ubuntu 12.04 - unmet dependencies libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-trusty etc

This is a packaging bug - bug #1328264 - packaging issues with the trusty Xstack in precise xserver-xorg-lts-trusty. The commands to workaround it are:

amd64:

apt-get install -V libglapi-mesa-lts-trusty libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-trusty xserver-xorg-lts-trusty xserver-xorg-input-all-lts-trusty xserver-xorg-video-all-lts-trusty libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-trusty x11-xserver-utils-lts-trusty libglapi-mesa-lts-trusty:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-trusty:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-trusty:i386 libgles2-mesa-lts-trusty libglapi-mesa-lts-trusty mesa-vdpau-drivers-lts-trusty

i386:

apt-get install -V libglapi-mesa-lts-trusty libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-trusty xserver-xorg-lts-trusty xserver-xorg-input-all-lts-trusty xserver-xorg-video-all-lts-trusty libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-trusty x11-xserver-utils-lts-trusty mesa-vdpau-drivers-lts-trusty libgles2-mesa-lts-trusty libglapi-mesa-lts-trusty

Another potential solution:

  I used synaptic to remove libglapi-mesa and then entered the following
  on a terminal window:

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-trusty xserver-xorg-lts-trusty

  And that successfully updated my system to kernel 3.13.0-30-generic.
  After rebooting got a message that said that my hardware enablement
  stack was now supported till 2017.


No boot menu after installing Ubuntu 11.10 on a Dell Windows Vista Home laptop computer?

You'll need to install GRUB manually. To do that you'll have to boot up using a live CD then do the following:

Setup a chroot environment.

open a terminal and mount the root partition to /mnt

sudo mount /dev/sdXy /mnt

sdXy being the root partition of your installed ubuntu, e.g. /dev/sda5. you can find that out using

sudo fdisk -l

next, mount some virtual devices

 sudo mount -bind /dev /mnt/dev
 sudo mount -bind /proc /mnt/proc
 sudo mount -bind /sys /mnt/sys

chroot into the installed system

sudo chroot /mnt
finally, (re)install GRUB

grub-install --recheck /dev/sdX

sdX is the internal hard drive, probably /dev/sda

and while we're at it, we may as well update it, too.

update-grub

if there were no errors during the installation, you can type "exit" to leave chroot nd then simply reboot the computer. you should then be able to boot both windows and linux.


How do I set up a second monitor (extended display) in Xfce?

For whatever reason, my other monitor can't be used unless I suspend the system before I log in.

Every time I suspend, the monitor is able to work as an extended display (after I configure the settings). If I don't suspend, then the monitor will not function at all. It would be nice if I didn't have to suspend and configure the settings every time I want to use the monitor, but for now this has been able to work as a temporary solution.


Nevermind, I fixed it by powering off and removing the USB drive and then begin installation.


Why does my screen get random color lines and freeze with ANY operating system?

Is is typical graphics chip overheating sympthom. It is hardware-related. You should check cooling system, clean it and apply new thermal grease. Take it to the service professional if you do not know how to disassemble your laptop.


What kind of terminal type or PS1 custamization is this?

I am using powerline-shell in the video with the solarized dark color scheme (which is included by default in the terminal):

https://github.com/banga/powerline-shell


Intel 7260 wireless card no longer working

I wanted to make this post to share knowledge as it is something that I have fixed with the help of tbg on Manjaro Forums.
After going through a process of troubleshooting (on this Manjaro forum post) with the advice of tbg I blacklisted the btusb and acer_wmi in the /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf file. After I blacklisted the module the wifi started working.
When I installed Ubuntu, the wifi stopped working so again I blacklisted the btusb and acer_wmi modules and after rebooting the wifi started working.
Blacklisting a module prevents it being loaded into the kernel at boot time. To do this, either edit the main file /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf, or make a new file in the same directory with the suffix .conf, for example sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/wireless-fix-blacklist.conf In either case, add a line for each module to be blacklisted like this, optionally with a comment to remind your future self why you did this:
# these prevent wireless from working
blacklist btusb
blacklist acer_wmi


How do I switch input modes in mozc without going to the IBus menu?

TLDR
Abstract
Steps to create the Japanese Mozc key bindings, to switch the input modes:

Open a text editor (e.g. Gedit).
Click on Gnome Status menu (Gnome's top-left bar) > IBus menu (i.e. keyboard/input language selector) > Select Japanese Mozc input method.
Again, click on Gnome Status Menu > IBuz > tools > Properties > Mozc Settings window.
From Keymap style section > click on customize button (first one).
Create new entries with your personal shortcuts to duplicate the japanese keys binding: hankaku/zenhankaku, muhenkan, eisu.
If messed things up, click on reset to defaults button from Mozc Settings window.

That's all!
Graphical abstract
Steps to create the key bindings to toggle Japanese syllabaries input mode.

Introduction:
The problem: how to type Japanese using a non-Japanese keyboard?
In Japanese (日本語, nihongo), you need to write using a lot of different symbols-sets.
A informal categorization of these sets can be like:

all alphabets syllabaries (ひらがな hiragana, かたかな katakana, 漢字 kanji, ローマ字 romaji),
(han)dakuten, contractions, combinations and variants (e.g. ゜maru, ゛tenten, uppercase, lowercase, full-width, half-width etc),
symbols in Japanese style (e.g. Japanese period。, 「Japanese quote」, Japaneseーhiphen etc).

So, dedicated keys exists on Japanese keyboards to toggle between them.
An analogy with occidental keyboard are the Capslock key to upper/lower-case or, Shift key to insert symbols.
But the occidental keyboard hasn't these Japanese keys.
So how to type in Japanese using a non-Japanese keyboard?
Solutions
Basically, two solutions can be listed:

install a Japanese keyboard or,
binding Japanese keys, by software level, in your non-Japanese keyboard.

Solution 1: Install a Japanese keyboard
Easiest solution so far.
Acquire one Japanese keyboard, install and configure on your Operation System.
But you need access to one, maybe buying one (with international credit card, taxes, waiting for shipping and so on).
Solution 2: Binding Japanese keys in your non-Japanese keyboard.
It is a cheap solution and you can use it in any keyboard you have.
But you need to install software, configure, and memorize MANY key combinations.
It is basically "a sea of shortcuts" to emulate the Japanese keyboard.
Linux have some software to simulate a Japanese keyboard for using a non-Japanese keyboard.
Let's implement the solution 2.
Theoretical background
Linux input software layers
Our computer can receive inputs from many talked/typed languages and hardware (i.e. different keyboards and layouts).
So it needs to organize the configurations and permit to the user choice between different languages.
For example, a user can type one document in Italian AND English languages, at alternating times.
So the software needs to show the user a way to change the language to be inputted.
The Linux user have 2 layers of software to configure the input method by keyboard:

Input Method Framework (IMF): a class of software that organize the inputs (from keyboard, mouse etc), send to the correct destination (software, systems etc), and configure them.
Input Method Editor/Engine (IME): a class of software that receives the inputted characters (from a keyboard), translate them to the desired input (i.e. idiom, language) and, send them to the Input Method Framework (IMF) to handle them.
Basically, we have: from keyboard > (typed/inputted keys) > IME (receives and translate them) > (translated inputted keys) > IMF (handle translated inputted keys to destinations).

For the Linux user, an example o IMF is IBus; an a example of IME is MOZC.
The first one will switch between all installed IMEs and switch between all idioms/languages installed too.
The second one, if selected, will send to the IMF only Japanese keys, even if you typed in a non-Japanese keyboard.
About Japanese IMEs, you can read more about here, and visualize the states/events in these diagrams:
Diagram 1:

Diagram 2:

Japanese keyboard
Layout
The Japanese keyboard layout (キーボード) is established by Japanese International Standard (JIS).
First of all, let's contemplate the Japanese keyboard!
Watch an open box video.
You can see the vector draw bellow, showing clearly the Japanese keys:

Finally, some real pictures bellow:

Try to identify each key, slowly.
We have:

Roman letter (QWERTY).
Hiragana symbols.
Small hiragana symbols.
Han-dakuten symbols (maru, tenten).
Arithmetic symbols.
Capslock, shift, super, alt, tab, Ctrl, Enter, Backspace.
Punctuation with Japanese style (period, quotes etc).
and some special keys with Japanese words:

muhenkan 無変換: don't convert kana to kanji.
henkan 変換: convert kana to kanji.
hiragana/Katakana/romaji カタカナ / ひらがな / ローマ字:
hankaku/zenkaku 半角 / 全角: switch between half-width or full-width
kanji 半角 / 全角 / 漢字: switch between kanji or English characters.
eisū 英数: switch to alphanumeric characters.

You can have more description of these specific keys here.
And read about the text frequency of hiragana, katakana e kanji and here.
Typing
How a Japanese user type on this keyboard?

Answer 1: type phonetically, using romaji mode. Yes, they use romaji!
Answer 2: it can type in kana mode, too, using hiragana keys.

For example, lets type "kakikukeko" in romaji mode:

First, select romaji mode.
Typing, in a QWERTY keyboard:

type k, outputs: ｋ.
type a, outputs: か (ka).
type k, outputs: かｋ.
type i, outputs: かき (kaki).
type k, outputs: かきｋ.
type u, outputs: かきく (kakiku).
type k, outputs: かきくｋ.
type e, outputs: かきくけ (kakikuke).
type k, outputs: かきくけｋ.
type o, outputs: かきくけこ (kakikukeko).
type ENTER, outputs: かきくけこ (kakikukeko ).

Another example, type "kakikukeko" in hiragana mode.

First, select kana mode.
Typing, in a QWERTY keyboard:

type t, outputs: か (ka).
type g, outputs: かき (kaki).
type k, outputs: かきく (kakiku).
type :, outputs: かきくけ (kakikuke).
type b, outputs: かきくけこ (kakikukeko).
type ENTER, outputs: かきくけこ (kakikukeko ).

And to convert to katakana or kanji is the same thing.
You can toggle to katakana mode or kanji mode and type on romaji or hiragana.
And the computer will pop up an autocomplete window to you select your desired word.
Method
Now, we will use software to type Japanese in a non-Japanese keyboard.
My system when I create this text was:

My OS: Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS
My Japanese IME: Mozc 2.20.2673.102
My IMF: Ibus 1.5.17
My keyboard: Latin keyboard (with ç, ~, ^ and so on).

Install
Ubuntu came with the IMF IBus (like a built in).
But if you need to install IBus:
sudo apt install ibus

Next, let's install our Japanese IME MOZC:
sudo apt install ibus-mozc

Observation: look at the name of the package ibus-mozc.
Its our IMF + IME names.
So, in future we can search on APT repositories for IMF and Japanese IME alternatives, like ibus-*, or *-mozc.
Installations completed!
Configurations
A Japanese keyboard has many different keys, to switch:
It is necessary to edit and memorize the Japanese input software's (binding) shortcut keys.
Hiragana, katakana, kanji, romaji, upper/lower-case, full/half-width, Japanese symbols (period, quote, maru, tenten etc).
So, you need to memorize/edit the keys to (des)activate the switches.
See the screenshots from before to get a hint of where the MOZC keymap is.
To edit/read these keys on your Mozc:

Open a text editor (e.g. Gedit) and stay with it in foreground.
Select Mozc input mode:
Hold Super and press Space as many times as to select Mozc option.
Or click on:
IBus (at GNOME Status Menu) > Japanese (Mozc).
To read/edit these Japanese key bindings, click on:
IBus (at GNOME Status Menu) > Tools > Properties.
After Mozc Setting window popped up, click on:
General tab > Keymap section (at bottom) > Keymap Style customize button (first one).
After Mozc keymap editor window popped up, click on:
Scroll up and down to memorize and edit the Japanese keymap (bindings).
Probably, you may will toggle between all Mozc's input modes (hiragana, katakana, romaji etc) if you duplicate and edit these binding keys for your chosen shortcuts.
Basically, to switch between syllabaries using MOZC, you need to memorize/edit/press:

hankaku/zenhankaku key: to turn IME on/off.
muhenkan key: to toggle kana syllabaries.
eisu key (or shift+muhenkan keys) to toggle latin input (i.e. romaji).

From MOZC's source-code, see the table with all matches to the Japanese JIS special keys, as bellow:
...
Composition Eisu    ToggleAlphanumericMode
Conversion  Eisu    ToggleAlphanumericMode
DirectInput Eisu    IMEOn
Precomposition  Eisu    ToggleAlphanumericMode
...
Composition Hankaku/Zenkaku IMEOff
Conversion  Hankaku/Zenkaku IMEOff
DirectInput Hankaku/Zenkaku IMEOn
Precomposition  Hankaku/Zenkaku IMEOff
...
Composition Muhenkan    SwitchKanaType
Conversion  Muhenkan    SwitchKanaType
Precomposition  Muhenkan    InputModeSwitchKanaType
...

You can consider to study/test other MOZC keys too, like:
...
DirectInput F13 IMEOn
...
Composition Ctrl i  ConvertToFullKatakana
Conversion  Ctrl i  ConvertToFullKatakana
...
Composition Ctrl o  ConvertToHalfWidth
Conversion  Ctrl o  ConvertToHalfWidth
Composition Ctrl p  ConvertToFullAlphanumeric
Conversion  Ctrl p  ConvertToFullAlphanumeric
...
Composition Ctrl t  ConvertToHalfAlphanumeric
Conversion  Ctrl t  ConvertToHalfAlphanumeric
Composition Ctrl u  ConvertToHiragana
Conversion  Ctrl u  ConvertToHiragana
...
Composition F10 ConvertToHalfAlphanumeric
Conversion  F10 ConvertToHalfAlphanumeric
DirectInput F13 IMEOn
Composition F2  ConvertWithoutHistory
Composition F6  ConvertToHiragana
Conversion  F6  ConvertToHiragana
Composition F7  ConvertToFullKatakana
Conversion  F7  ConvertToFullKatakana
Composition F8  ConvertToHalfWidth
Conversion  F8  ConvertToHalfWidth
Composition F9  ConvertToFullAlphanumeric
Conversion  F9  ConvertToFullAlphanumeric
...
Composition Henkan  Convert
Conversion  Henkan  ConvertNext
DirectInput Henkan  Reconvert
Precomposition  Henkan  Reconvert
...
Composition Hiragana    InputModeHiragana
Conversion  Hiragana    InputModeHiragana
DirectInput Hiragana    IMEOn
Precomposition  Hiragana    InputModeHiragana
...
Composition Katakana    InputModeFullKatakana
Conversion  Katakana    InputModeFullKatakana
DirectInput Katakana    IMEOn
Precomposition  Katakana    InputModeFullKatakana
...
Composition Shift Muhenkan  ConvertToFullAlphanumeric
Conversion  Shift Muhenkan  ConvertToFullAlphanumeric
Precomposition  Shift Muhenkan  ToggleAlphanumericMode
...
Composition Kanji   IMEOff
Composition OFF IMEOff
Composition ON  IMEOn
Conversion  Kanji   IMEOff
Conversion  OFF IMEOff
Conversion  ON  IMEOn
DirectInput Kanji   IMEOn
DirectInput ON  IMEOn
Precomposition  ASCII   InsertCharacter
Precomposition  Kanji   IMEOff
Precomposition  OFF IMEOff
Precomposition  ON  IMEOn
...

So, we need to create new shortcuts similar with these, like bellow (these are my shortcut sugestions):
...
Composition Ctrl j  IMEOff
Conversion  Ctrl j  IMEOff
DirectInput Ctrl j  IMEOn
Precomposition  Ctrl j  IMEOff
Composition Ctrl b  SwitchKanaType
Conversion  Ctrl b  SwitchKanaType
Composition Ctrl y  ToggleAlphanumericMode
Conversion  Ctrl y  ToggleAlphanumericMode
DirectInput Ctrl y  IMEOn
Precomposition  Ctrl y  ToggleAlphanumericMode
...

If you are interested, you can read MOZC's romaji-hiragana conversion table.

If you mess the things, click on reset to defauts button at Mozc setting window (opened in Step 3).

If you edit these shortcuts, please consider conflicts with your existing shortcuts from:

Operating system shortcuts (Ubuntu).
Graphical shell shortcuts (Gnome, KDE).
App shortcuts (firefox, gedit, libreoffice, gimp).
Personalized shortcuts (your personal shortcuts).

With these key bindings you can type very well in a non-japanese keyboard.
We didn't binding the others japanese keys to let you study the subject.
Alternative solutions
Similar softwares
Im using IBus to be my input method editor (IME).
But you can switch to other IMF/IME if you desire.
Others IMEs are:

Anthy: sudo apt install ibus-anthy.
KKC: sudo apt install ibus-kkc.
SKK: sudo apt install ibus-skk.

The same as to input method framework (IMF), like:

Fcitx: sudo apt install fcitx.

and you need to change the IME when installing like:

sudo apt install fcitx-mozc.
sudo apt install fictx-kkc.
sudo apt install fictx-skk.

A list of IMF can be found List of input methods for Unix platforms and Linux input method framework brief summary.
Edit keymap file by a text editor
You can manage the keymap saving, editing, import/export and so on.
To do that, read the file at source-code.
If you wanna, you can download this file and edit it to be imported into your MOZC software.
So, to import/export the keymap file:

At GNOME Status Menu, select MOZC input method.
Again at GNOME Status Menu, select Tools > Properties.
After Mozc Setting window popped up, click on:
General tab > Keymap section (at bottom) > Keymap Style customize button (first one).
And after Mozc keymap editor window popped up, click on:
Edit button menu (at bottom) > click import from file... or export from file....
With that you can save (export) your keymap editions.
And you can to insert a new keymap edited by importing it.

That's all!
References
You may be interested in read this MOZC issue about how to switch between MOZC j-sylabaries.
A good answer about MOZC inputs can be found here.
A brief about MOZC input at askubuntu.
A lot of questions commented about MOZC and input method.
Answers to start MOZC in Hiragana mode.


How to give a permission to create log file in systemd service?

You could sudo a symbolic link into /var/log which points to a log file elsewhere that the user has write permission to.
OR
You could add the user to the syslog group so they then have write permission to /var/log Of course then that user could go end edit/delete other system logs but if it's you personally or a trusted user...
So for my /var/log I can see it's owner:group is root:syslog
So modify the user and add the syslog group:
sudo usermod -a -G syslog <USERNAME_HERE>
You will probably  have to logout/login for the change to take effect, not sure if there is a way to refresh users/groups dynamically.


LibreOffice command line font substitution at pptx to pdf conversion

We had a similar issue with LibreOffice under Alfresco (which also runs headless).  Installing the ChromeOS fonts packages for Carlito (Calibri equivalent) and Caladea (Cambria equivalent) fixed it, using a hint from here: https://wiki.debian.org/SubstitutingCalibriAndCambriaFonts.  Changing the mappings within LO did nothing, neither on the headless nor on the desktop - only installing the packages solved it. (For completeness, we had added the entries for the mappings to the LO registrymodifications.xcu and that achieved nothing, on either platform - editing the files under conf.d takes precedence, it seems).
Packages installed were:
Note: $ below is the system prompt...
Linux:

$ sudo apt-get install fonts-crosextra-carlito fonts-crosextra-caladea

FreeBSD: (Hint:do the search first as name may change over time)

$ pkg search cros
$ sudo pkg install crosextrafonts-caladea-20130214_1
crosextrafonts-carlito-20130920_2

You may need to run:

$ fc-cache -r

Check with:

$ fc-match Calibri
Carlito-Regular.ttf: "Carlito" "Regular"
$ fc-match Cambria
Caladea-Regular.ttf: "Caladea" "Regular"

Works perfectly now.
These installs create the following files which give the desired font substitutions (depending on your platform):
Linux (Ubuntu 14.x):

/etc/fonts/conf.avail/30-0-google-crosextra-caladea-fontconfig.conf
/etc/fonts/conf.avail/30-0-google-crosextra-carlito-fontconfig.conf

These are linked from /etc/fonts/conf.d like so:

30-0-google-crosextra-caladea-fontconfig.conf ->
../conf.avail/30-0-google-crosextra-caladea-fontconfig.conf
30-0-google-crosextra-carlito-fontconfig.conf ->
../conf.avail/30-0-google-crosextra-carlito-fontconfig.conf

FreeBSD (10.x):

/usr/local/etc/fonts/conf.avail/30-metric-aliases.conf

...linked ala...

/usr/local/etc/fonts/conf.d/30-metric-aliases.conf@ ->
/usr/local/etc/fonts/conf.avail/30-metric-aliases.conf


Nautilus - How to duplicate the current window

With Nautilus open in the folder that you want, right click on the folder tab, and choose
open in New Window(in this example I'm opening the folder Downloads) see images below.


the correct file should be

sudo apt-get remove adobereader-enu

otherwise use synaptic and search for adobe

ref


Eclipse has multiple issues after JRE-6 (OpenJDK) upgrade

I had exactly the same problem today. First, a little googling brought me to your issue (didn't assumed to be due to OpenJDK). After a little more research, finally solved this strange behaviour: have a look at this ubuntu-bug.

So the quick solution is just to run sudo apt-get --reinstall install tzdata-java
(reinstalling Time zone and daylight-saving time data for use by java runtimes)

Cheers


How to prevent file owned by root when using `sudo gedit`

Add a shortcut to your launcher.

I would not change the main command of the gedit launcher. Do the following:

Never edit the default launcher, first copy the one from /usr/share/applications to ~/.local/share/applications:

cp /usr/share/applications/gedit.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/gedit.desktop

Edit the file with... gedit (not with gksudo)

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/gedit.desktop

Look for the line, starting with Actions=, Add gedit with gksu;:

Actions=Window;Document;gedit with gksu;

To the very end of the file add the shortcut section:

[Desktop Action gedit with gksu]
Name=gedit with gksu
Exec=gksu gedit
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

Done, Now if you click on the icon, gedit starts "normally", while you have gksu gedit available as a shortcut:

Directly browse for a file to edit

If you often edit files with gksu with gedit, you can also directly call a (Zenity) browser from the launcher, to open your files with gksu. You can "save" one step when opening files with gksu then:

Copy & open the local .desktop file as in the first option
Look for the line, starting with Actions=, Add gksu gedit with filebrowser;:

Actions=Window;Document;gksu gedit with filebrowser;

At the very end of the file, add the shortcut section:

[Desktop Action gksu gedit with filebrowser]
Name=gksu gedit with filebrowser
Exec=sh -c "gksu gedit $(zenity --file-selection --title='Select a file')"
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

Note

gksu is not installed by default, you will probably have to install it if you use the commands mentioned:

sudo apt-get install gksu


Removing adwaita-icon-theme with `apt remove` removed my entire desktop

Alright so I was playing around and found a solution.

sudo apt --fix-broken install
sudo apt install adwaita-icon-theme
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell ubuntu-gnome-desktop

That restored the apps that come with Ubuntu. I still have to install third party apps again..

I'll keep this for reference in case someone else makes the same mistake. I guess Ubuntu 18.04 LTS has bugs.


an error occurred while extracting files

I think what would be the easiest for you to do is try this from the commandline.
99% of the time the archiver works normally, but when you run into issues using the terminal is easier. Go into the directory with the archive through the file explorer and right click an empty space in the folder. select open terminal here.
now you should do an ls -lia to list all the files in this directory.
if you do not see file names, just do a file filename.tar.gz for example to see what kind of file you are dealing with, we do need this information to help you further.
depending on what file it is, if they are archives you can use for example:
unzip file.zip
gunzip file.gz
tar -xvzf file.tar.gz

if they are .deb files, they need to be ran with sudo dpkg -i package_filename.deb
OR right click>open with software center.
if they are .sh files, they are shell script files.
You can right click the file and then go to permissions tab. Check the box
for allow to be executed. and then do a ./filename.sh  to execute the script.
Good Luck!


Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64 Bit - Firefox asks if it could be the default browser every time I open it

You can check the alert box once then it wont ask again.

Got to Tools --> Preferences --> Advanced --> System Defaults

And make sure that the "Always check to see if Firefox is the default browser on start-up", is Unchecked.  And if you want Firefox to be the default, just click on "Make Firefox the default browser"

Hope this will help you to avoid alert.


Transferring data from one pc to another pc without using USB drive

Yes, it is possible to transfer data between ubuntu laptops and desktops without USB.

1) Install SSH in both laptop and desktop.

sudo apt-get install ssh

2)Connect to the network by navigating through network-manager applet on the top panel and choose “connection information”

3) Connect to the target machine and move the folder. (Folder should have read and write permission).


Is there any way to program using Objective C on Ubuntu?

Ubuntu includes GCC's Objective C compiler in the gobjc package. So you can compile your programs via gcc and debug using gdb.

gedit support objective C syntax highlighting.

If you want an IDE like xcode with apple sdk, framework. Then the answer is no. It is not possible.


Unable to share a folder between Windows 7 and Ubuntu (running in VMWare)

1 .Install vmware tools then try
2 .if the vmware tools are installed  then run the following command (i got the same error )

apt-get install build-essential linux-headers
vmware-config-tools.pl

It happens when { build-essential , linux-headers } packages are updated
You have to rerun " vmware-config-tools.pl "
refer to this link for more information


Your laptop only has 265 MB of RAM. Along with other components in your laptop lacking the power to run an operating system built for modern computers, I am afraid to say Ubuntu 12.04 will not run on your laptop.

Give Xubuntu and/or Lubuntu a try, these are spin-offs with different desktop environments that do not require as much horsepower.


Sad solution but worked:

Formatted and installed Debian :)


GParted problems with swap and extended partition

It is pretty weird but I solved problem (like 75% of it exactly).
Here's what I did:

I backuped my partiton table by sudo sfdisk -d /dev/sda > sda-backup.txt
I created file to edit partition table by sudo sfdisk -d /dev/sda > sda-new.txt
I edited my "sda-new.txt" to change partition table and saved it.
I swapped off my /dev/sda6 by swapoff /dev/sda6
I tried writing partition table by sudo sfdisk /dev/sda < sda-new.txt, but I got error bad input or something like that
I decided to restore old partiton table by sudo sfdisk /dev/sda < sda-backup.txt
I opened GParted and I saw my partiions.

I don't know what exactly happened, but I think It works.


how to install ubuntu server on remote system through SSH

If you have no physical access to the hardware, no web-based control panel, and there is no operating system whatsoever on the machine, then I don't know of any way to install an operating system on it remotely.

If you were able to install an operating system on this computer over the internet, so would anyone in the world with its IP address -- and computer systems generally don't allow that kind of unfettered remote access. (Not to mention it would need an operating system running in order to communicate across the internet!)

It sounds like you need to either gain physical access to the machine, or make contact with someone who can. Then you can install an operating system, a hypervisor, set up PXE-boot, or whatever setup you choose.

If you rent the server through a hosting company, you should contact them to discuss your options.


Window-manager (close,minimize,maximize) buttons does not appear when window is maximized

Which theme do you use? Default (Ambience, Radience) or custom?
For old hardware you may try gnome fallback or xfce and cardapio menu as alternative to unity-dash.


disable shutdown/suspend if there is other user logged in via ssh

Update (thanks to enzotib):

The files I listed in the original answer should not be edited, as a package update can overwrite your changes.

PolicyKit should instead be configured using configuration files placed in /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/, as detailed in the pklocalauthority manual page.

Original answer:

With the deprecation of HAL, this is now controlled in /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.consolekit.policy

Set allow_active in the two action sections shown below to no (they are set to auth_admin_keep by default):

  <action id="org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.stop-multiple-users">
    <description>Stop the system when multiple users are logged in</description>
    <message>System policy prevents stopping the system when other users are logged in</message>
    <defaults>
      <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive>
      <allow_active>no</allow_active>
    </defaults>
  </action>

...

  <action id="org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.restart-multiple-users">
    <description>Restart the system when multiple users are logged in</description>
    <message>System policy prevents restarting the system when other users are logged in</message>
    <defaults>
      <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive>
      <allow_active>no</allow_active>
    </defaults>
  </action>


Not Possible to install on an Asus A8N - SLI Premium

is this an xorg problem? as in, do you see a command line when you boot up?

possible solutions so far:

  boot up the live cd, mount your ubuntu partition, edit
  /etc/X11/xorg.conf . Under the the video card section change "driver
  nouvou" to "driver vesa". That should get you booting, and then just
  install the proprietary nvidia drivers, and all will be well." -
  Overclockers.com

Linux from scratch, debian based, and use gnome 3.2

it probably comes with the latest kernel.


If you want to run something at startup you should use systemd. It it is easy to setup a service in /etc/systemd/system/:
[Unit]
Description=My personal program to start

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/full/path/to/my/program

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

If you are doing graphics (e.g. x-windows like xrandr) you'd have to add this into your bash:
#!/bin/bash
export DISPLAY=:0
export XAUTHORITY=/home/yourUserName/.Xauthority

You have to adapt the path names...


rtcwake: command not found | ubuntu 14.10

/usr/sbin contains executables/scripts than can only be run by root user or with sudo. So I think it should be accessible when you add a sudo on the left of your command. You will need root privileges to get it to work anyway.
More info at the following link about difference between /bin and /sbin

However, I can locate rtcwake without sudo. It opens the help screen. But sudo is required to run it anyway.


First you need to enter a virtual console by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1
Install gnome-terminal with the command sudo apt-get install gnome-terminal
Exit the virtual console by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F7

`


Use the cp command to copy a file, the syntax goes cp sourcefile destinationfile.
Use the mv command to move the file, basically cut and paste it somewhere else.

The exact syntax you would use for your example is:

sudo cp /usr/bin/octave/3.2.4/m/miscellaneous/mkoctfile.m /usr/bin/mkoctfile-3.2.4

For more information on the cp or mv commands you can run:

man cp

or

man mv

To view the manual pages


why doesn't my optical drive read dvds nor bds anymore? only cds

Most commercial DVDs are encrypted with CSS (the Content Scramble System), which attempts to restrict the software that can play a DVD.

By installing the libdvdcss2 package you can play encrypted DVDs.

see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats/PlayingDVDs

you can install windows through usb device. see http://www.microsoftstore.com/store/msusa/html/pbPage.Help_Win7_usbdvd_dwnTool


In every update aptd crashes with TypeError on 16.04.5 LTS

For troubleshooting aptdaemon you shouldn't use apt but the commandline utility  aptdcon.

Eg, to get more information on the aptdaemon crash on performing an upgrade, use the --upgrade-system together with the debug (-d) arguments:

sudo aptdcon -d --upgrade-system

See the manual page for more information:

man aptdcon


Is having Lubuntu 12.04 a security risk?

Lubuntu 12.04 is an extra important version, because it's based on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, which will receive security updates until April, 2017.

For the software that's specific for Lubuntu (the LXDE desktop as such), Lubuntu 12.04 receives no more updates. But for the software that Lubuntu shares with Ubuntu, by far the most, Lubuntu 12.04 will receive security updates until April, 2017 as well. Things like Firefox, Adobe Flash Player, Libre Office and the kernel.

Normally I'm very much against running an operating system that doesn't receive updates anymore, but for Lubuntu 12.04 it's an acceptable small risk to keep using it until April, 2017. It's not likely that there will ever be a real threat from malicious software that targets outdated LXDE packages.


Well, after trying 10 times... Finally I could install it with Wubi it's a software for install ubuntu from a Windows software.


Upgrade instructions if using software mirroring from 16.04 LTS to 18.04 LTS

I run a RAID 5 filesystem mounted at root (md1) since Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. The migration from 16.04 LTS to Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS with this type of setup seems currently safe. One can read, for instance:
https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/07/help-test-the-improved-ubuntu-18-04-1-lts-server-installer

Several people build test systems in various configurations and actually test the release upgrade tools. It is always worth waiting and reading until the upgrade of similar setups is reported safe and bug-free.

In the past, I had LVM over RAID setups. I never had an issue with automatic upgrades of this kind of setup, but I never tried to upgrade quickly, usually waiting until the end of support, unless I needed some new feature.


Disable Secure Boot in UEFI aka BIOS settings and the Nvidia driver will be up and running.

See Why do I get "Required key not available" when install 3rd party kernel modules or after a kernel upgrade? for explanation why isn't it loading now.


Set default account in Empathy metacontact

I gave this a try and I see what you mean. When you link contacts together, the accounts have some kind of sorting applied.

For me: MSN accounts always come before GTalk accounts and accounts for the same protocol are sorted alphabetically. I'm guessing this is because my MSN name comes before my gtalk name in the alphabet.

Double clicking on your meta contact to start a chat uses the first account in the sorted list. (Fortunately, the sorting also takes into account the user's status.)

I think the inability to set a default account is a bug. Please report it with ubuntu-bug empathy.


Ubuntu 14.04 unresponsive after installing nvidia drivers

First boot recovery mode https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RecoveryMode

Then remove the current driver

sudo apt-get remove --purge bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia primus nvidia-331

Now you can boot to your full install again, open a terminal,

Then try installing again but with two commands

sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia primus

Reboot to confirm this is not the issue

Then run

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

Reboot

To switch between the two different GPUs first make sure this is installed and your system is upto date

sodo apt-get install linux-headers-generic && apt-get upgrade

Now install this

sudo apt-get install bbswitch-dkms

This should allow you to use the switch on your laptop to switch GPUs


Laptop doesn't power off on shutdown, after upgrade to 15.04 and gnome 3.16

I have upgraded to Gnome 3.16.1 and I am no longer having this problem.  I'm guessing it was fixed by this change:

========================================
  gtk+
========================================

Overview of changes in GTK+ 3.16.2
==================================

* Bug fixes:
 [...]
 747689 [...]
        GtkApplication: Prevent more crashes around shutdown
 [...]

from https://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/core/3.16/3.16.1/NEWS


GNOME Shell Extension Put Windows stopped working

After reporting the problem I got the following response from Gnome which has SOLVED the issue:

"Version 27 is now inactive and v26 is the most current version. Please check, that you are using v26"

So, I restarted gnome with AltF2r and then selected 3.26 as the Extension version to reinstall it.

The extension now works again as it should.


I also have a Dell Inspiron. My model is 1545. Previous versions of Ubuntu 12.04 (last year) had sound input from my internal microphone without any action on my part. The current update to version of 12.04 no longer accepts the internal microphone unless I use the methods described below. Thus, I used Skype, and sound recorder successfully on previous versions of 12.04 and can use the internal microphone on Windows 7 without intervention, but have to intervene on the latest version. (My laptop is dual-boot). My version of Ubuntu is KXStudio.

I found the solution for this problem on the current 12.04 version by looking at the first entry in the questions section:

Internal microphone not working

If you do not have Pulse Audio Volume control, go to software center and download/install it. Once you have installed it, check your volume control to be sure the volume is OK. Note: The small microphone symbol for each microphone input is effective when it is highlighted in a grey darker than the surrounding window. Otherwise it is mute.


Your script isn't executing properly due to your if statement, the following should work.  It requires 2 args, or it will ask them name1 and name2.

The if statement contains '$#' which calculates the number of arguments given.  The follow '-ne' is the comparison operator for 'not equal to'.  Finally the last number is for how many you're expecting.  So in our case, we're looking for exactly 2, if 1, or 4 are given, the else statement will be executed.

#!/bin/bash
echo "What is your name?"

if [[ $# -ne 2 ]] ; then
read name1
read name2
echo "Are you really "$name1 "??? or" $name2 "?"
else
echo "Are you really "$1 "??? or" $2 "?"
fi


Why can't I delete a folder in my trash?

Try this:

sudo rm -rf ~/.local/share/Trash/*

Of course replace the * with the folder that you wish to delete or else everything in the trash will be deleted.


Dependency errors while installing R in Ubuntu 17.10

First, you get The Lecture:

  Never get your support from random blog posts. Bad advice can destroy your system. Ask here first - that's why we are here.

  Never run a script that you downloaded from the internet unless you have fully audited it and completely understand
  everything it
  does. How do you know that script wasn't poisoned with malware?

  Never install software from non-Ubuntu sources until you have the skill to remove it. Never install random software from
  random sites on the dirty, dirty internet.

Clean up the mess you made with that awful script:

sudo apt-mark auto gdebi libxml2-dev libssl-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libopenblas-dev r-base r-base-delibopenblas-dev python-pip markdown
sudo apt remove --purge r-base rstudio-xenial
sudo apt autoremove

Do not run any of those commands until you understand exactly what each does.

The first line undoes a lot of bloat that the script dragged in, by making those packages eligible for autoremoval.

The second line removes the key packages, also enabling many lower-level packages for autoremoval.

The third line removes any orphaned or unused packages. There should be a few.
Test your package manager for proper function:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

You should get no errors.
Remove the source that provides the conflicting
packages.

Happily, this is not a problem you have. The script did not install
    any sources (that was one of it's problems!)
Install R from the Ubuntu repositories:

sudo apt install r-base

For updated versions of R, see
How do install package of R language's interpreter for statistical computing?


How about this awk command:

awk '/array set myports {/ {for (i=5; i<=NF; i++) {if ($i == "}") {break} else {printf("%s ", $i)}}} END {printf("\n")}' test.in

Hope this helps


Youtube-dl --playlist-reverse and --playlist-start not working together

The option --playlist-reverse downloads the playlist videos in reverse order.  It doesn't reverse the order of the playlist itself.  For example, with a playlist containing 5 items:

youtube-dl --playlist-start 3 ...

will download items 3 then 4 then 5

youtube-dl --playlist-start 3 --playlist-reverse ...

will download items 5 then 4 then 3, not 3, 2, and 1


Adding 1 to a variable doesn't work as expected (Bash arithmetic)

That's because numbers starting with 0 are treated as Octal by bash, hence it is doing Octal (Base 8) addition. To get Decimal addition for this structure, you need to explicitly define the Base or not use 00 altogether.

For Decimal, the Base is 10, denoted by 10#:

$ A="10#0012"
$ echo $((A+1))
13


How to kill applications like on Windows?

My favorite way to do that is

Ctrl+Alt+F1

Then when you're logged back in run
ps aux | grep program keep in mind that program should be replaced with the filename of the executable. In your case ps aux | grep wine, then you should see something like this:

david     1234  0.0  0.0 1595676 2700 ?        Sl   16:12   0:00 wine cmd.exe

Where it says cmd.exe yours will be the exe of your game. To kill the process

kill 1234 1234 being the Process ID that the previous command gave you; then
Ctrl+Alt+F7


Use macchanger.

This is the sample command:

macchanger --mac 00:11:22:33:44:55 wlan0


It is possible(at least in synapse, I haven't checked this on Gnome-do yet). First you'll have to install a program called alacarte(and synapse of course). Then start alacarte and select the internet tab on the left-hand side pane. Then select "New Item". Set the type as application, name it however you want, and for the command, type this xdg-open http://url.of.the.website.you.want. Then click ok. You're done. Open up synapse and type in the name you chose for the launcher.


The problem here is compositing is disabled, which means you won't get effects like transparency and shadow. Try reinstalling compiz-config and search for compositing, and enable it.


lkl is not a virus but a keylogger. You downloaded this yourself probably?

Open a terminal and do a

cd ~/Downloads
ls -l

and look at owner and group of the directory lkl. If your user

rm -rf ~/Downloads/lkl/

and if it is owned by another user use sudo but do consider re-installing as it could be active and it will catch your password.


Just log back into Ubuntu One on your new installation and it will automaticly sync the files you have synced before if you do so chose.


lsb_release - could not convert string to float: '8.04 LTS'

I had the same error on one of my VMs, the other 2 and hypervisor were fine. Same release (16.04.3), not a clue what caused it. It's a known bug.

I got some relief here

Modify the file /usr/share/pyshared/lsb_release.py line 41 from:

RELEASES_ORDER.sort(key=lambda n: float(n[0]))

to:

RELEASES_ORDER.sort(key=lambda n: float(n[0].split()[0]))

Fixed the problem for me. Complete credit to SHIINA Hideaki (shiina) at Ubuntu bug launchpad. I'm just reposting it here.


You'll see a second Burn button after you click burn the first time.  The second Burn button has an options screen which include the option:

[ ] Leave the disc open to add other files later

This is a check box option that is not marked by default.  You would have to checkmark that option to be able to append to the disk later.

Some possible reasons for the default to be a closed session

There was a time when unclosed disc were not fully compatible with all computers.
Some people might not want to have the content changed when presenting a disc for distribution.

Auto run on DVD:

To activate an auto run activity when DVD is plugged in place a file named Autorun.inf on the disk.  Place the name of your script or application to run (ie. runnow.exe) in the files content.  YOu can also include an Icon for your disk using the icon option.

Autorun.inf:

[autorun]
OPEN=runnow.exe
ICON=picture.png


Apparently not at the moment. There's a bug report requesting this.

Here are the notes from the UDS-O session:

http://summit.ubuntu.com/uds-o/meeting/desktop-o-ubuntuone-lan-sync/


Because 12.04 works for them, and 14.04 is still new and has the usual "early adopter" bugs.


Apply last edits in netplan with no service

Run sudo netplan apply to apply the configuration changes to the running system.


Instead of downloading the .deb files, you should let apt install them automatically for you.

First connect your computer to the internet, either via wifi or via an ethernet cable, so that it can get access to the packages you need.

Then, open a terminal and run these commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install virtualbox audacity

That should take care of it!


Problem to log after the last update of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

Quick fix

Boot from 3.13.0-65 and just remove the problem kernel

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.13.0-66-generic

Update GRUB

sudo grub-update

Better fix

Alternatively if you would like to keep 3.13.0-66 you can edit this file

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

You will need to know the number in which the kernel you want appears in the grub menu.

Example

0 Ubuntu with 3.13.0-66-generic

1 Advanced options for Ubuntu

2 Ubuntu with 3.13.0-65-generic

You can see in the example the kernel you want is the third one down, so number two because computers count from zero, in this example scenario you would

Find the line GRUB_DEFAULT=0 and change it too GRUB_DEFAULT=2 to boot with 3.13.0-65-generic by default.

Don't forget to update your grub

sudo grub-update


Why would modinfo say a module is not found when it appears with lsmod

It's being aliased. In my example (similar to yours perhaps):

lsmod | grep nvidia
nvidia               9171294  51

modinfo nvidia
ERROR: modinfo: could not find module nvidia

modprobe --resolve-alias nvidia
nvidia_current

grep -r nvidia /etc/modprobe.d/
/etc/modprobe.d/nvidia-graphics-drivers.conf:alias nvidia nvidia_current

modinfo nvidia_current
filename:       /lib/modules/3.7.5-030705-generic/updates/dkms/nvidia_current.ko
alias:          char-major-195-*
version:        313.09
[...]

Above should speak for itself, doesn't it?


"Turns out the  ~./dvdcss keys for this DVD were corrupt. I deleted the keys for the DVD and all is well."


I finally got pptp working.... but where insert command to autostart it?

Open your terminal and type as

gedit /etc/rc.local

Then add following line at ending

nohup sudo modprobe nf_conntrack_pptp

Then save and close your file.

Restart your Ubuntu and check.

Let us know if any issues.


Cairo Dock have an option in its preferences as add as startup application. Its doesnt matter for the first time how you going to launch it but if you made the select as a startup program then from next restart you will have it as auto start and you never have to start again manually.

So you can do it as right click on it / Cairo-Dock Menu / Launch the dock at startup.

With out opening dock even , you can set it to auto start with

cairo-dock -o

If you cant find it in the cairo dock preferences then you can do it from the system startup applications.  click at the system settings there you can find startup applications and click add button and add cairo dock as startup application.


Which is Most TimeMachine-like Backup Program for Ubuntu?

You can use Cronopete.  Cronopete is a backup utility for Linux, modeled after Apple's Time Machine. It aims to simplify the creation of periodic backups.Launchpad.

To install, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:rastersoft-gmail/cronopetedev
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cronopete

To install from source, see Here

Or you can try Back In Time.  Back In Time is a simple backup tool for Linux inspired from FlyBack and "TimeVault".Back In Time / Launchpad.

To install just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:bit-team/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install backintime-qt4

On a personal note, I use Systemback for all my backups, archiving, and imaging.  To install it, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:nemh/systemback
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install systemback


How to let maas' cloud-init client select internal mirror?

Thanks for reporting this.  I've opened bug 1006966 against upstream maas to address this.

For the time being, the easiest way for you to work around this is probably to have a late_command install a file into /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg with content like:

# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-local-mirror-only.cfg
apt_preserve_sources_list: true

Untested, but you may be able to accomplish that by doing:

--- /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/maas.preseed.dist   2012-05-31 15:37:06.689109923 +0000
+++ /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/maas.preseed    2012-05-31 15:37:43.293109690 +0000
@@ -90,4 +90,5 @@
 d-i    preseed/late_command string true && \
        $SNIPPET('maas_sudoers') && \
        $SNIPPET('maas_disable_pxe') && \
+       $SNIPPET('local_mass_local_mirror') && \
        true
--- /dev/null   2012-05-31 15:21:47.612623001 +0000
+++ /var/lib/cobbler/snippets/local_maas_local_mirror   2012-05-31 15:39:33.897110012 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+in-target sh -c "echo apt_preserve_sources_list: true > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-local-mirror-only.cfg" \

Oh, and to answer "how to set userdata in maas", that is only currently possible by using the maas API.  There are no existing client tools at this time.


Firefox installed by snap: how to open downloaded files?

Simplest way is to open Files and then go to Recent where you will find all the files you have recently opened.

Intuitively, you should be able to identify the file you downloaded

Other than that, in the topbar of FF is an Icon which relates to downloads. Left clisk with your mouse and you will be presented with files you have downloaded.


[screen is terminating], but never terminates

Try:

killall screen

This will kill all instances of it. Also be sure to try rebooting if you haven't already. It also could be java. You might try killing that too.


How to install mlpack header files in /usr?

The mlpack files will be installed to /usr/local/, by using sudo make install

-- Installing: /usr/local/include/mlpack
-- Installing: /usr/local/include/mlpack/core
-- Installing: /usr/local/include/mlpack/core/arma_extend
-- Installing: /usr/local/include/mlpack/core/arma_extend/Cube_extra_bones.hpp
.
.
-- Set runtime path of "/usr/local/bin/mlpack_sparse_coding" to ""

The complete "mlpack-install.log.txt" (599 lines) : https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7S255p3kFXNeExtdHJ6NmN6R1E/view?usp=sharing


Thanks to FredFoo's comment for getting me on the right track, and the post at How to let screen time out on sign in screen, I was able to figure out that the user for the login screen is lightdm.

Run this to find all of the lightdm user's power settings:

sudo -H -u lightdm dbus-launch --exit-with-session gsettings list-recursively org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power

Then run this similar command to see the current user's power settings:

gsettings list-recursively org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power

Based on the above I was able to figure out that the setting I needed was sleep-inactive-ac-timeout, which was set to 0 for the lightdm user but was set to 300 for my personal user.

Then I ran:

sudo -H -u lightdm dbus-launch --exit-with-session gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power sleep-inactive-ac-timeout 300

to set the same timeout, restarted, and everything is now working as expected.


Boot Failure for Ubuntu 18.04 Install on Thinkpad P1

I'm not sure if it would solve your problem, but the ArchLinux wiki says you might have boot problems if you're running Hybrid Graphics. You have two options to fix it:

Disable hybrid graphics by changing your BIOS settings to "Discrete only".
Alternatively, before booting into live CD, press e and add modprobe.blacklist=nouveau to your kernel parameters.

If you choose to use the second option, you might also want to include modprobe.blacklist=nouveau in your /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf.

Also: be sure to upgrade the BIOS before trying to install (you can do this in Windows, if you still have it).