From your attached screenshot it seems that you are currently connected to WiFi and trying to get IP details of a Wired Connection. The dialog in screenshot has not listed IP details because you aren't connected to any wired connection but a wireless connection thus no IP is assigned in wired connection and lists only "Hardware Details" and "Last Usage" and that's quite obvious.

I assume that you are trying to get details of local IP, a.k.a. LAN IP. To get IP details of that:

Go to Settings→Wi-Fi and click on gear icon (⚙) next to the network name (SSID) of which you are trying to get IP details.
Or, for IPv4, open a terminal and run

hostname -I | awk '{print $1}'


urlparse is part of the standard Python 2 library. It's shipped as part of Python; it isn't packaged separately on PyPI et al. urlparse.urlparse (the function) was renamed in Python 3 to urllib.parse.

So, a few things to look at:

Your Python 2 program might be running under Python 3. Check the launch script to see how it picks which version of Python. It should probably start #!/usr/bin/env python2 but also double check (by running env python2) that that loads up Python 2.
Something has eaten /usr/lib/python2.7/urlparse.py, in which case reinstall the libpython2.7-stdlib package with:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libpython2.7-stdlib

Or you have a local file causing mischief...


No, you cannot pass a password when logging in over a serial line. Over a serial line, you are logged by a process that is called [a]getty and it will display a prompt for a username and a password.
Now, (because this PuTTY question appears off-topic to me) if you'd like to ask whether you could have a user 'logged in' at a serial port at all times without password, that answer is yes. Take a look at man agetty and search for -autologin.
Securty caveat: Needless to say that 'anyone' who is able to connect to your RS232 port with a dumb serial terminal (emulator), now gets in right away?


Service not starting at machine boot up - Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS

Finally I found the answer to the problem and thought of sharing it for future readers, the problem is nohup command used in the start block:

start() {
    nohup ${WLSHOME}/server/bin/startNodeManager.sh && ${WLSHOME}/common/bin/wlst.sh /opt/nmstart-${ADMINSERVER}.py
    for i in $SERVERS; do
    ${WLSHOME}/common/bin/wlst.sh /opt/start-"$i".py &
    done
}

At time of machine reboot, nohup is ignored making NodeManager script not to run as a background process which I can see in /var/log/boot.log file:

nohup: ignoring input and appending output to 'nohup.out'

So, tweaking the start block to use ampersand (&) for running the NodeManager script in background instead of nohup worked, as follows:

start() {
        ${WLSHOME}/server/bin/startNodeManager.sh &
        ${WLSHOME}/common/bin/wlst.sh /opt/nmstart-${ADMINSERVER}.py
        for i in $SERVERS; do
        ${WLSHOME}/common/bin/wlst.sh /opt/start-"$i".py
        done
}


apt-get reports "dpkg: cycle found while processing triggers"

In the meantime I found out that this is just a subsequent error of another problem I had. The packages I installed / updated had a dependency problem. Since I solved that everything works fine.

I also think there wouldn't have been any solution to this problem.


What does this command mean: awk -F'/BaseCalls/' '{print $2}'?

It says print the second column while the delimiter (field separator) is: '/BaseCalls/'.

-F means field separator, what is going to separate my fields? is it a colon? is it a "x" character or something else? and here we are telling awk that the string "/BaseCalls/" is our field separator.

In a file with a content similar to:

foo/BaseCalls/bar
zee/BaseCalls/baz

it will print:

bar
baz

If I use it like awk -F:, now it means that my field separator is a colon, which will be used on a data like:

foo:bar
zee:baz


How do I resolve a GRUB: “invalid arch independent ELF magic” error?

The solution for me was (and probably for anyone having that problem):

Boot into the live cd and type into the terminal (of course you must edit the mounting operations respecting your own partition table):

sudo apt-get install grub-efi-amd64
sudo mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda

Now grubx64.efi should boot without any problems.

Running update-grub while booted into ubuntu restored the more eye friendly looks of the grub boot menu.


How to change root password back to DEFAULT

To lock the root account, making it unable to login with a password, use this command:

sudo passwd -l root

It will retain whatever password you have set, but it will be unusable for all purposes.

EDIT: This will be useful for any account, besides root.

To unlock the password for the account you previously locked, use this:

sudo passwd -u root

BTW: as was commented, you shouldn't use the root account, unless you really know what you're doing.


You can use this --exclude parameter to ignore files and folders. For hidden files and folders (filename or folder name starts with a .) use the parameter below:

--exclude "**/.*"

This means, match all files and folders which starts with a . in all folders recursively.

The glob ** will recursively match all files and directories
* will match any number of characters

More infos about pathname expansion (globbing)

From man rsync

--exclude=PATTERN
      exclude files matching PATTERN


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Server fonts & rendering problem

You can run the command

apt show ubuntu-desktop

and pick the fonts packages under "Depends:" and "Recommends:".


Make Command not working after build-essential installed

Is there something else I'm missing?

This is because there is no Makefile present in the directory where you are running make command


Authentication failure on upgrade to 14.04

The solution is to switch back to the original network. The upgrade resumes on trying the command. Perhaps the key is network/IP specific.


Nautilus: Where is the "open in Terminal" option? (Ubuntu 16.10, nautilus 3.20.3)

Edit : just install nautilus-action and gnome-terminal did the trick

sudo apt install nautilus-action gnome-terminal

If you don't want to use gnome-terminal, then you can use the following steps :

I managed to reproduce it via the nautilus-action package.

sudo apt install nautilus-actions

Launch the configuration tool :

nautilus-actions-config-tool

First, change the global preferences to display actions at the root of Nautilus menu (instead of nested) : go to Edit/Preferences menu and uncheck the "Create a root 'Nautilus-Actions' menu like below :

Click on Ok.
Now, we add our action : go to menu File/New Action and check "Display item in location context menu", change the "Context label" to "Open in terminal". See below :

Go to the Command tab and put "x-terminal-window" in the Path.

Don't forget to save the configuration (menu File/Save) and to restart nautilus (in a terminal : nautilus -q)

After launching a new nautilus window, you should have someting like that in the top right menu :


Can samba validate a domain user for a shared folder

The first step is to install winbind (If not already installed) a simple

sudo apt-get install winbind

Should do the job, but I cant confirm that while i'm at work. This is not be confused with winbindd which is a similar program.

Then you will need to edit a  file called /etc/nsswitch.conf to look something like this;

Then restart the winbind service.

Test that this configuration has taken effect by executing the command

sudo wbinfo -u

And you should get an output of all the user accounts you have created.

Then edit your /etc/samba/smb.conf file and include these lines in the global section;

   winbind refresh tickets = yes
   winbind trusted domains only = no
   winbind use default domain = yes
   winbind enum users  = yes
   winbind enum groups = yes

And then find the share that you want to validate domain users into and add the following line

 valid users = "+MYDOMAIN.NET\Domain Users"

This will allow any member of the "Domain Users" group to access the share in question, create your own groups and assign them here to restrict access to groups of individuals, id recommend against putting spaces in any group name (Or any other file/server naming convention).

This should work weather you are using the domain controller to create shares or a member server(To configure a member server make sure you follow this Documentation)


Ubuntu Setup boot hangs on Lenovo C940 with Intel i7-1065G7

TL;DR - Linux installation on the Lenovo Yoga C940 works only with Grub-2.02 and Kernel-5.3.7 (or above) for the time being and you will need to do some manual steps to get those in place for Ubuntu.

I ran into the same problem with the Yoga C940 as stated in the original post, any latest Ubuntu or Debian based Live USB installer will get stuck after Grub booting. I tried nightly as stated in the accepted answer https://askubuntu.com/a/1187577/1027381 but those installers have the same problems, they won't boot. This is due to Grub-2.04 on all of above.

As stated in https://askubuntu.com/a/1192612/1027381 Fedora 31 Live works flawlessly and all hardware works except the microphone. The Live disk uses Grub-2.02 so it boots fine and Kernel-5.3.7 which supports the hardware. So if going for Ubuntu one needs to get the same versions for those in place.

To install Ubuntu one needs to either:

pick a Ubuntu live usb disk with Grub-2.02, e.g. Ubuntu 19.04 but that has an old Kernel-5.0.0 which does not support the laptop's hardware much so you will not have network but you can still use it to install the basic system and then update later from that to a newer Ubuntu and a newer kernel (see below more about the kernel version)
modify some of the more recent Ubuntu live usb disks to downgrade to Grub-2.02 and update to Kernel-5.3.7 - Some pointers to do that are at https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-create-a-custom-ubuntu-iso-with-cubic/ and you will need to download the right kernel debs (see below kernel notes) and the right Grub-2.02 debs from e.g. Ubuntu disco distro https://packages.ubuntu.com/disco/grub-common - you will need these packages for Grub:

efibootmgr_15-1_amd64.deb
grub2-common_2.02+dfsg1-12ubuntu2_amd64.deb
grub-common_2.02+dfsg1-12ubuntu2_amd64.deb
grub-efi-amd64_2.02+dfsg1-12ubuntu2_amd64.deb
grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.02+dfsg1-12ubuntu2_amd64.deb
grub-efi-amd64-signed_1.115+2.02+dfsg1-12ubuntu2_amd64.deb
grub-theme-breeze_5.15.4-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
libefiboot1_37-2_amd64.deb
libefivar1_37-2_amd64.deb

Install them inside the chroot of the LiveUSB and also overwrite these directories inside the ISO image (while the Cubic process has the disk mounted): custom-live-iso/boot/grub/ and custom-live-iso/EFI with same dirs from e.g. ubuntu-19.04.iso as that has Grub-2.02.

Regarding the Ubuntu Kernel, that ain't trivial either. You will need at least Kernel-5.3.7 e.g. from https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/ because Ubuntu official repos current latest is Kernel-5.3.0 and that does not support all the laptop's hardware. Some more recent kernels from above, e.g. Kernel-5.4.3 have again hardware issues with the laptop, e.g. sound and suspend do not work :/. So other versions than 5.3.7 need testing to find out if they work properly. Note that if you install some of the above kernels you will need to disable "secure boot" in the BIOS because the kernels are not signed and will not boot otherwise.

Now after going through the above process and getting Ubuntu installed with the proper Grub and Kernel version you will need to pin Grub (see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PinningHowto#Apt ) to not be automatically updated to 2.04 as that will again lead to an non bootable system :/.


sudo or gksudo to act on them as root.
chown user:group to change ownership.
chmod 'permission in octal' to change permission type for user:group:everyone
su user to switch to an appropriate user.

I frequently put things in /opt that belong to multiple users, but are pretty portable and not in repos.  I don't think saying 'use sudo' is necessarily right for '/opt' specific questions.


Canon Laser Shoot - LBP 1210 not working in Ubuntu 14.04

Try this.

Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo -i
stop cups
mv /etc/cups/printers.conf.O /etc/cups/printers.conf
start cups


Foxit reader portable do not remember the configuration?

Why you use wine instead you can just use foxit native in Ubuntu!

Install Foxit Reader 1.1 on 32 bit Ubuntu 14.04:

wget http://cdn02.foxitsoftware.com/pub/foxit/reader/desktop/linux/1.x/1.1/enu/FoxitReader_1.1.0_i386.deb

sudo dpkg -i FoxitReader_1.1.0_i386.deb

Install Foxit Reader 1.1 on 64 bit Ubuntu 14.04:

sudo apt-get install gtk2-engines-murrine:i386 libcanberra-gtk-module:i386 libcanberra-gtk0:i386 libgtk2.0-0:i386 libstdc++6:i386

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

sudo apt-get update

wget http://cdn02.foxitsoftware.com/pub/foxit/reader/desktop/linux/1.x/1.1/enu/FoxitReader_1.1.0_i386.deb

sudo dpkg -i FoxitReader_1.1.0_i386.deb

source and more information


how to disable .desktop entry file from showing up in Unity launcher?

The answer seems to be...just wait? While trying to figure this out, I did try logging out and back in again, but eventually this seemed to work.
Note that one problem with directly editing the .desktop file in /usr/share/applications is that if the package is upgraded, it will overwrite your changes. But the wiki page above mentions that you can make a copy of the file in your home directory -- ~/.local/share/applications -- add the NoDisplay=true there, and then even if the original .desktop file in /usr/share/applications is modified, your version will take precedence and the entry won't display.


"too many arguments" checking a condition and execute some action in case it's not true?

"The bash cookbook" is an excellent resource, you can get the basics online but this will save your butt when you're pressed for time.
Never use double quotes on things you intend to be bare strings e.g. not subject to bash substitution, so that passput line should be single quoted.
Always double quote variable references in a test construct [], [[ ]], (()), etc. Bad things can happen if you don't, read up on it. The preferred construct is:

[ "${passRd}" = "${passPut}" ]

The semi-colons after the function calls are unnecessary and clutter the code.
man test, there must be spaces between every argument in a test call.
set -x on the CLI or pass -x to #!/bin/bash to assist in debugging, see help set for details.


How to restrict user's access to the internet for time intervals?

login as root:

sudo su
check the status of your firewall:

ufw status

if the firewall is inactive, issue:

ufw enable

in order to restrict user wilhelm internet access on Sundays, Tuesdays,Wednesdays and Fridays to the allowed time intervals (14:00-16:00 & 17:00-18:30) :

iptables -I OUTPUT -p tcp -m owner --uid-owner wilhelm -m time --weekdays Su,Tu,We,Fr --timestart 00:00:01 --timestop 14:00:00 -j DROP
iptables -I OUTPUT -p tcp -m owner --uid-owner wilhelm -m time --weekdays Su,Tu,We,Fr --timestart 16:00:00 --timestop 17:00:00 -j DROP
iptables -I OUTPUT -p tcp -m owner --uid-owner wilhelm -m time --weekdays Su,Tu,We,Fr --timestart 18:30:00 --timestop 23:59:59 -j DROP

side note: *please note the use of -I switch rather than -A switch of the iptables command.
the -I switch inserts the aforementioned rules (3.) at the beginning (top) of the OUTPUT rule chain rather than at the bottom of the chain. placing the manually appended rules on top of the regular firewall policies is important since rules are processed top to bottom. if the top most rules ACCEPT a packet, the chain, OUTPUT, is no longer checked for the following rules which might have DROPped the packet.
please make sure that the rules were indeed properly entered:

iptables -L OUTPUT

in order to delete an inappropriate rule, say rule No. 1, (1-based count from top of iptables -v -L OUTPUT) issue: iptables  -D OUTPUT 1.
save iptables for restoring on the next boot:

iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules

in /etc/rc.local append the line:

iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules

done

--

tested on Ubuntu 11.10 (oneiric), locale: he


How can I copy content of one file into several other files in the command line?

You can use tee:

< greetings.text tee {1..5}.txt

Use tee -a if you wish to append to the files rather than overwrite them.


trying to erase a DVD+RW in Ubuntu 11.10

Unless the disc is specifically meant to be reused, burned data on DVDs tends to be more or less permanent. It's possible to burn new files onto it, but you'd really be better off just buying a new DVD for the task. You probably won't be able to effectively use that one as an Ubuntu LiveCD.


how to shift a parameter and throw it entirely from args ls?

The scope of each shell function (as well as the scope of top-level code in the script) has its own positional parameters, and can only directly access its own. The cleanest solution is to place the values of the positional parameters you're interested in into an array. You can then read, and also modify, that array in multiple function scopes.

For example, you could have this code appear near the beginning of your script:

declare -a args=("$@")

Name the array however you like--it doesn't have to be called args.
You can even omit declare -a, if you want.
It doesn't really need to appear near the beginning. It just has to run before any of the code that accesses args runs. It could even appear below the definitions of shell functions that use args. For clarity, I suggest putting it somewhere near the beginning.

Then you can operate on the args array from multiple functions. You don't have to pass it to the functions; they will already be able to access it. When code in a shell function modifies the contents of args and then returns, code in the caller will be able to observe the changes.

Positional parameters in Bourne-style shells, including Bash, use 1-based indexing. (This is because $0, which expands to the program name, is technically not a positional parameter, and does not change in function scopes.) But arrays in Bash use 0-based indexing. So, after args=("$@"), $1 matches ${args[0]}, $2 matches ${args[1]}, $3 matches ${args[2]}, and so forth. $@ still matches ${args[@]} as you would expect.

I wrote them that way, unquoted, for readability. You will, of course, almost always want to double-quote expansions involving your args array, just as you'd almost always want to double-quote expansions involving positional parameters.

If you decide to go with this approach, then instead of:

shift

You would write:

args=("${args[@]:1}")

If you're new to arrays in Bash, you'll want to take a look at the relevant part of the Bash reference manual. You may also want to experiment interactively. For example:

ek@Cord:~$ args=('foo bar' 'baz quux' 'ham spam')
ek@Cord:~$ printf '[%s]\n' "${args[@]}"
[foo bar]
[baz quux]
[ham spam]
ek@Cord:~$ printf '[%s]\n' "${args[@]:1}"
[baz quux]
[ham spam]

The code corresponding to

if [ "$1" = 2 ] || [ "$1" = 3 ]; then
    version="$1"
    shift
else
    version=2
fi

would be:

if [ "${args[0]}" = 2 ] || [ "${args[0]}" = 3 ]; then
    version="${args[0]}"
    args=("${args[@]:1}")
else
    version=2
fi

Using an array is syntactically more cumbersome, but also more flexible.

On the other hand, since you seem to have most of the code of your script organized into a run function and its callees anyway, you might consider the alternative of parsing any special command-line arguments before calling run, outside of any shell function, and then calling run "$@" as you're already doing.

There are programming languages whose associated cultures have a strong ethic of putting almost everything into small(ish), self-contained functions. Bash is not such a language, and the limited ways of returning complex data from a shell function is one of the reasons. You shouldn't be afraid to write shell functions, and you should even be willing to write a huge number of tiny shell functions. But I don't think you should be worried if it turns out that the best form for your script is something else.

For further reading, and some alternatives including a weird approach where you source the output of process substitution, see Gilles's answer to Function caller positional parameters.


create a sddm.config if it does not exist:

sddm --example-config > /etc/sddm.conf

In the XDisplay Section you will see the Xsetup script which is executed as user root:

[XDisplay]
# Xsetup script path
# A script to execute when starting the display server
DisplayCommand=/usr/share/sddm/scripts/Xsetup

Replace DisplayCommand with your own script and add /usr/share/sddm/scripts/Xsetup there.


Google account integration in Ubuntu 12.10

At least for now, online accounts merely help you use the default Empathy chat program to connect with your Facebook, Google Talk, etc. friends. It doesn't sync with GMail or Google Calendar. For instance, you can use Unity Mail for your Gmail accounts, but it requires you to enter GMail account details again as it's not linked to online accounts.


Bluetooth settings shows the error "No bluetooth adaptor found"

I found  the answer, well not exactly but it worked.I had to enable the bluetooth that i had disabled on my windows partition and then boot from my Ubuntu pen drive and it recognized the bluetooth device and worked perfectly. thanks


how to customize the terminal appearance from within the terminal

Well, I think that Oliver Salzburg's answer on Super User pretty much covers it:

  The problem is not specific to bash on Ubuntu for Windows, as the
  terminal is still provided by conhost.exe.

  To change the colors, you can go into the Defaults:

  And then you can click each individual color and change it to some
  other color.

  The process is somewhat confusing, because by clicking a color
  rectangle, you're changing what is selected as the Screen
  Background. So you first have to change that selection, adjust the
  color and then change the selection back to your desired background
  color.

  Overall, it is easier to just go with a different terminal or console
  emulator altogether. I personally use
  ConEmu now, which allows you to change
  color schemes much easier.

Guillermo González de Garibay also has a nice answer on Super User:

  This is also a nice and easy solution, from
  https://medium.com/@iraklis/fixing-dark-blue-colors-on-windows-10-ubuntu-bash-c6b009f8b97c
  :

  Append this to .bashrc:

LS_COLORS='rs=0:di=1;35:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.axv=01;35:*.anx=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.axa=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:';
export LS_COLORS

PS1='\e[37;1m\u@\e[35m\W\e[0m\$ ' # this will change your prompt format

  And I found this useful too for vim's readability:

echo "set background=dark" >> .vimrc


Unity3D loads all the time instead of selected desktop session

OP solved this:

  I was clicking on 'switch user account', which seems to not notice the changing of desktop environments... you have to click log out, then click the cog wheel, make your selection, and log in....


How do I protect a user/home directory from deletion?

It isn't possible to protect a directory for being deleted by root. If someone has root-access to your server, everything is open and security of the server is breached.

Restore of a good current backup is the only thing that will help you.


How to assign a certain keyboard shortcut to paste specific item?

The command to get a fixed string into the clipboard is very easy, it's simply

xsel -ib <<< 'Your string goes here'

or if you want to read the string from a file

xsel -ib < your-file.txt

or from a command output

your-command | xsel -ib

Directly writing a fixed string by emulating keypresses is not much more complex though

xvkbd -file - <<< 'Your string goes here'

or if you want to read the string from a file

xvkbd -file your-file.txt

or from a command output

your-command | xvkbd -file -

You can simply create a custom shortcut in the System Settings → Keyboard → Shortcuts configuration and assign a command to the key combination you wish.

But take care that the shortcut interpreter is not Bash or a similar shell, so our <<< ("here string" syntax) or | pipes will not work. To solve this anyway, we simply enclose our shell command with bash -c "INSERT COMMAND HERE". Just pay attention that you don't use double quotes inside the command then.

Here are the commands how you would have to enter them into the shortcut settings:

Copy "my string" to clipboard:

bash -c "xsel -ib <<< 'my string'"

Copy content of my-file.txt to clipboard:

bash -c "xsel -ib < my-file.txt"

Copy output of my-command to clipboard:

bash -c "my-command | xsel -ib"

Directly paste/write "my string":

bash -c "xvkbd -file - <<< 'my string'"

Directly paste/write content of my-file.txt:

bash -c "xvkbd -file my-file.txt"

Directly paste/write output of my-command:

bash -c "my-command | xvkbd -file -"

Please note that neither xselnor xvkbd are installed by default, so you probably need to install them first using this command:

sudo apt-get install xsel xvkbd


How do I prevent having to log in on 3 separate prompts every time I start my machine?

1 - Go to Passwords And Encryption Keys

2 - On there you have the opportunity to change your default password, enter your old password and then in the field where you would put your new password press Enter

By pressing Enter you have submitted a blank password, meaning that you will no longer be asked for it upon logging on to your computer.

To stop being asked for your password when you Log Out & Log In again go to Users And Groups click on Change Password and then tick the box labelled Don't Ask For Password On Login


Ubuntu 19.10 - Dual screen support with Ubuntu 19.10 and Windows 10 laptop

You can use Synergy Program https://symless.com/synergy
Share one mouse and keyboard between multiple computers(Mac, Linux, Windows)


'Unable to mount New Volume' and 'Unable to mount 202 GB Filesystem' in Ubuntu 12.04.2

The problem is likely that your USB-drive is now detected as the /dev/sda device, as it is the first device found during the boot-up.

Try running sudo lshw -c disk in a terminal. There you will find that your harddisk is probably /dev/sdb at this point. Then run sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb and see if you recognize the partition sizes and layout. If that is the disk, then you should be able to mount it the way you already did, but change the sda to sdb in this case.


Does compile flawlessly on my setup.

You should have this package installed:

mono-2.0-devel

This should draw all required dependencies for a command line compile.
If you want more comfort, I would recommend installing the monodevelop package.


Does anyone know of a voicechanger that i can use with skype?

There is Clownfish for Skype. I don't know exactly how good it is, but you can give it a try.


Installation of ubuntu system update was interrupted. Now I cannot boot. Please help?

First off, your main friend in this situation is a live CD or live USB. You need one before you can continue. If you don't have one, you'll need access to another machine. Follow the instructions on the Ubuntu.com website (in the download section) to create it.

The easiest--though not necessarily the best--approach is to boot from the live CD, rescue your files, and reinstall. Here's a better approach, but be warned: It depends heavily on the terminal.

First, find out the name of your root partition. You can use GParted for this (it's included on the live CD). It will probably be something like /dev/sda1 or /dev/sda2. Its format will probably be ext3 or ext4 and will definitely not be NTFS or FAT32. I'm assuming in this answer that your root partition is /dev/sda1, but be sure to change the commands below to reflect the actual partition!

First, mount the root partition on /mnt.

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

Now, bring across some important other parts of the filesystem via bind mounts (bind mounts make a particular directory available at some other location).

sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /dev/shm /mnt/dev/shm
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys

Now, chroot into your system. This means that your terminal will be operating in your install (not the live CD environment), so you can execute commands as if your machine were bootable.

sudo chroot /mnt
su - yourusername    # Replace with your login username

Now, you can try to recover your system. The first thing to try is this:

sudo aptitude install

If that fails, it will likely tell you a command to run. If so, follow the instructions given.

Hopefully, that'll do it for you. Once the process finishes, you should be able to reboot normally.


Synergy Needs a GUI
Synergy (see also here) lets you "join" up multiple desktop interfaces on different machines, letting you treat them as though they were different screens on the same machine (even though they are not). You can use the same keyboard and mouse for each.
If you use arrow keys to control your mouse pointer, that shouldn't be a problem for Synergy.
However, Synergy will only work on machines that have desktop interfaces running.
If a server system has a mouse pointer (even from an attached mouse) but it has no GUI running, Synergy will not work. (And it wouldn't make sense for it to work. If you want a console to operate seamlessly as part of a single GUI, just SSH in to the server from the desktop machine.)
Web searches for synergy "command-line only" and similar strings return results because the Synergy client executable (for some OSes) is a command-line-only executable--that is, it doesn't have its own GUI.
To verify to a reasonable degree of sureness that Synergy requires a GUI to be running, I consulted its source code. In this file, you can see that a host's operating system determines if the CScreen object is instantiated from the CMSWindowsScreen, CXWindowsScreen, or COSXScreen subclases. X Windows is the GUI in most Unix-like systems, including all GNU/Linux systems (which includes Ubuntu). You may have heard of it referred to as X11 (which is the most common of its several names).
While that doesn't rigorously prove that a Synergy screen on an Ubuntu machine needs to have a GUI running, it constitutes significant confirming evidence to an otherwise consistent understanding of what Synergy does and does not do, which I believe to be cogent.
A Server Can Have a GUI
I said Synergy won't work if a GUI isn't running. But an Ubuntu Server system can run a GUI:

How do you run Ubuntu Server with a GUI?
ServerGUI (Ubuntu wiki)

On the other hand there are some good reasons to avoid installing and using a GUI on a production server system (see also this part of the ServerGUI page).
If your Ubuntu Server system has a GUI running, Synergy should work fine. (Similarly, if you have an Ubuntu desktop system with no GUI--equally possible--Synergy will not work.)


Ubuntu 20.04 and 20.10, /etc/securetty: No such file or directory is the duplicate of this question.
The verified answer says:
Contents of the file should be:
# /etc/securetty: list of terminals on which root is allowed to login.
# See securetty(5) and login(1).

console

# Local X displays (allows empty passwords with pam_unix's nullok_secure)
:0
:0.0
:0.1
:1
:1.0
:1.1
:2
:2.0
:2.1
:3
:3.0
:3.1
#...

# ==========================================================
#
# TTYs sorted by major number according to Documentation/devices.txt
#
# ==========================================================

# Virtual consoles
tty1
tty2
tty3
tty4
tty5
tty6
tty7
tty8
tty9
tty10
tty11
tty12
tty13
tty14
tty15
tty16
tty17
tty18
tty19
tty20
tty21
tty22
tty23
tty24
tty25
tty26
tty27
tty28
tty29
tty30
tty31
tty32
tty33
tty34
tty35
tty36
tty37
tty38
tty39
tty40
tty41
tty42
tty43
tty44
tty45
tty46
tty47
tty48
tty49
tty50
tty51
tty52
tty53
tty54
tty55
tty56
tty57
tty58
tty59
tty60
tty61
tty62
tty63

# UART serial ports
ttyS0
ttyS1
ttyS2
ttyS3
ttyS4
ttyS5
#...ttyS191

# Serial Mux devices    (Linux/PA-RISC only)
ttyB0
ttyB1
#...

# Chase serial card
ttyH0
ttyH1
#...

# Cyclades serial cards
ttyC0
ttyC1
#...ttyC31

# Digiboard serial cards
ttyD0
ttyD1
#...

# Stallion serial cards
ttyE0
ttyE1
#...ttyE255

# Specialix serial cards
ttyX0
ttyX1
#...

# Comtrol Rocketport serial cards
ttyR0
ttyR1
#...

# SDL RISCom serial cards
ttyL0
ttyL1
#...

# Hayes ESP serial card
ttyP0
ttyP1
#...

# Computone IntelliPort II serial card
ttyF0
ttyF1
#...ttyF255

# Specialix IO8+ serial card
ttyW0
ttyW1
#...

# Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller
ttyV0
ttyV1
#...

# ISI serial card
ttyM0
ttyM1
#...

# Technology Concepts serial card
ttyT0
ttyT1
#...

# Specialix RIO serial card
ttySR0
ttySR1
#...ttySR511

# Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card
ttyCH0
ttyCH1
#...ttyCH63

# Moxa Intellio serial card
ttyMX0
ttyMX1
#...ttyMX127

# SmartIO serial card
ttySI0
ttySI1
#...

# USB dongles
ttyUSB0
ttyUSB1
ttyUSB2
#...

# LinkUp Systems L72xx UARTs
ttyLU0
ttyLU1
ttyLU2
ttyLU3

# StrongARM builtin serial ports
ttySA0
ttySA1
ttySA2

# SCI serial port (SuperH) ports and SC26xx serial ports
ttySC0
ttySC1
ttySC2
ttySC3
ttySC4
ttySC5
ttySC6
ttySC7
ttySC8
ttySC9

# ARM "AMBA" serial ports
ttyAM0
ttyAM1
ttyAM2
ttyAM3
ttyAM4
ttyAM5
ttyAM6
ttyAM7
ttyAM8
ttyAM9
ttyAM10
ttyAM11
ttyAM12
ttyAM13
ttyAM14
ttyAM15

# Embedded ARM AMBA PL011 ports (e.g. emulated by QEMU)
ttyAMA0
ttyAMA1
ttyAMA2
ttyAMA3

# DataBooster serial ports
ttyDB0
ttyDB1
ttyDB2
ttyDB3
ttyDB4
ttyDB5
ttyDB6
ttyDB7

# SGI Altix console ports
ttySG0

# Motorola i.MX ports
ttySMX0
ttySMX1
ttySMX2

# Marvell MPSC ports
ttyMM0
ttyMM1

# PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) ports
ttyCPM0
ttyCPM1
ttyCPM2
ttyCPM3
ttyCPM4
ttyCPM5

# Altix serial cards
ttyIOC0
ttyIOC1
#...ttyIOC31

# NEC VR4100 series SIU
ttyVR0

# NEC VR4100 series SSIU
ttyVR1

# Altix ioc4 serial cards
ttyIOC84
ttyIOC85
#...ttyIOC115

# Altix ioc3 serial cards
ttySIOC0
ttySIOC1
#...ttySIOC31

# PPC PSC ports
ttyPSC0
ttyPSC1
ttyPSC2
ttyPSC3
ttyPSC4
ttyPSC5

# ATMEL serial ports
ttyAT0
ttyAT1
#...ttyAT15

# Hilscher netX serial port
ttyNX0
ttyNX1
#...ttyNX15

# Xilinx uartlite - port
ttyUL0
ttyUL1
ttyUL2
ttyUL3

# Xen virtual console - port 0
xvc0

# pmac_zilog - port
ttyPZ0
ttyPZ1
ttyPZ2
ttyPZ3

# TX39/49 serial port
ttyTX0
ttyTX1
ttyTX2
ttyTX3
ttyTX4
ttyTX5
ttyTX6
ttyTX7

# SC26xx serial ports (see SCI serial ports (SuperH))

# MAX3100 serial ports
ttyMAX0
ttyMAX1
ttyMAX2
ttyMAX3

# OMAP serial ports
ttyO0
ttyO1
ttyO2
ttyO3

# User space serial ports
ttyU0
ttyU1

# A2232 serial card
ttyY0
ttyY1

# IBM 3270 terminal Unix tty access
3270/tty1
3270/tty2
#...

# IBM iSeries/pSeries virtual console
hvc0
hvc1
#...
#IBM pSeries console ports
hvsi0
hvsi1
hvsi2

# Equinox SST multi-port serial boards
ttyEQ0
ttyEQ1
#...ttyEQ1027

# ==========================================================
#
# Not in Documentation/Devices.txt
#
# ==========================================================

# Embedded Freescale i.MX ports
ttymxc0
ttymxc1
ttymxc2
ttymxc3
ttymxc4
ttymxc5

# LXC (Linux Containers)
lxc/console
lxc/tty1
lxc/tty2
lxc/tty3
lxc/tty4

# Serial Console for MIPS Swarm
duart0
duart1

# s390 and s390x ports in LPAR mode
ttysclp0

# ODROID XU4 serial console
ttySAC0
ttySAC1
ttySAC2
ttySAC3

and using ls -l in /etc, the file should look like: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.1K May 14 10:31 securetty.
Please ensure the permissions are the same, and if this does't fix your issue, please let me know :)
Edit: to check the permissions of the file, just use ls -l /etc/ | grep securetty - hope this helps.


Headphones is not working in 15.04 Dell XPS 13

I don't have the full solution, but I did get sound working through the headphone jack on my Haswell Dell XPS 13 with 16.04.  I'll post what I've done here in case it's helpful to others.

I added these options to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf. I'm not sure if they helped.

options snd-hda-intel model=dell-headset-multi

# Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller
options snd-hda-intel index=0 model=auto vid=8086 pid=0a0c
# # Intel Corporation 8 Series HD Audio Controller
options snd-hda-intel index=1 model=auto vid=8086 pid=9c20

# Prefer PCH card over HDMI card
options snd_hda_intel index=1,0

You may need to confirm that the "vid" and "pid" values are the same for your motherboard. I've currently lost my reference on how I looked those up.

Finally, I frequently have to open the terminal and run alsamixer, which is a CLI app for volume adjustments. Use the arrow keys to select the "Headphone" column. Press "M" to unmute it, if it says "M" at the bottom. Press the up arrow to turn the volume all the way up in the headphone column. Then use the arrow keys to move to the "Speaker" column. You probably want to turn it all the way down unless you want sound to come out of the speakers and the headphone jack.

As an experiment, with alsamixer open, which what happens to the volumes when you use the media keys or the system volume slider to adjust the volume. You might expect or hope that only the "master" volume is selected, but I see that the "speaker" volume goes up and down as well, while the "headphone" volume is not affected.

My understanding is that the remaining issue is that PulseAudio does not see the Headphone output as an option. For example, if you open the sound settings, you will see "Speakers" an output option, but not "Headphones". So the next step for really fixing this to figure out how to get PulseAudio to recognize Headphone output. In the meantime, it's necessary to reset the volumes via alsamixer after every time they are adjusted by PulseAudio (using the media keys or system volume slider).

UPDATE March 6th, 2017 Now I'm running the 4.8 kernel and I noticed an option in alsamixer that I didn't notice before: "Auto-Mute Mode". Setting this to "Enabled" causes the OS to automatically mute the laptop speakers when something is plugged into the headphone jack, which is probably what you want.


First of all, ROS has its own QA forum that is very active. Questions like yours should be asked there.

Invalid roslaunch XML syntax: syntax error: line 1, column 0 root@joel:~/learning_nxt#

This error indicates that something is wrong in .launch file, not yaml. You should repost your question with the content of your launch file on ROS forum.


Ubuntu and Xubuntu Too big for 1 CD, can you put it on 2 CDs?? How do you do that.

Yes, there is an alternative: the official Ubuntu Minimal CD, that weights only 30mb  https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD#A32-bit_PC_.28x86.29

This particular officially supported image is really small, and will download the data required to perform the installation (instead of having it within the CD). The ISO is really light weights at most 30Mb (~25Mb for standard machines) so you won't have the size problem to burn it in a CD. Of course, the counter is that you must be connected to internet in order to perform the install. Also notice that for Ubuntu's older than 13.04 this .iso can only be burned in a CD, and won't boot from an USB stick.

Last, this is a "flavor" of the alternate install, that means no  graphical interphase (no fancy windows taking you smoothly through the install process). It is an old-school (windows xp like) installer. If you have doubts on how to proceed witht his install, I recommend you to run in another machine a full-featured live ISO since the steps and the sequence are very similar, and seeing the dialogs and such in parallel may help you for the first time. Good luck!


how to Identify Killer wireless N 1202 on Ubuntu?

It determines the name from the PCI ID the device is showing, looking it up in /usr/share/hwdata/pci.ids. In this case 168c:0034 (check with lspci -nnk | grep -A2 net) and that's translating out as an Atheros chipset.

It isn't uncommon for wireless brands to use chipsets they didn't manufacture. I have no problem believing you have the Killer Wireless-N in your laptop, it's just not what you thought it was before you bought it.

This should probably also serve as a lesson about being up-sold "professional" and "gaming" level tat.

The important thing here is removing the conflation between product and chipset.

Ubuntu talks to the chipset so that's really all it knows about. All we can do here is confirm that you're running a device that contains a AR9462 chip.

As you've already shown, the Killer Wireless N 1202 contains a AR9462. It seems logical that they are one and the same. If you want to confirm that the Killer Wireless N 1202 contains an AR9462, you'll either have to ask Killer, or rip one open. the chipset. Talk to Killer if you need a second opinion but images like this suggest that this is the case.

If you need to confirm that this is actually a Killer Wireless N 1202 and not just any old AR9462-bearing device, you're going to have to open it up (or trust the retailer).


Is there any way to launch Tomboy without showing up the main window?

The command tomboy should start Tomboy without showing any window.

There are a few exceptions to this:

on first run, Tomboy will always show the "Start Here" note (which is the same as running tomboy --start-here).  You should be able to turn this off with gconf-editor.
By default, Ubuntu's Tomboy launcher is set to run tomboy --search, which will show the main Search window.
if Tomboy is already running, the command tomboy will show an application window


System resume from suspend after 13.04 upgrade

I also noticed that the system became unresponsible after waking up from suspend. I was able to log in to console (CTRL+ALT+F1) and in dmesg I got repeating messages:

[11534.631190] nouveau E[  PGRAPH][0000:01:00.0]  ILLEGAL_MTHD ILLEGAL_CLASS
[11534.631191] nouveau E[  PGRAPH][0000:01:00.0] ch -1 [0x001fb24000] subc 2 class     0x0000 mthd 0x0860 data 0xffffffff
[11534.631202] nouveau E[  PGRAPH][0000:01:00.0]  ILLEGAL_MTHD ILLEGAL_CLASS
[11534.631204] nouveau E[  PGRAPH][0000:01:00.0] ch -1 [0x001fb24000] subc 2 class   0x0000 mthd 0x0860 data 0xffffffff
[11534.631214] nouveau E[  PGRAPH][0000:01:00.0]  ILLEGAL_MTHD ILLEGAL_CLASS
[11534.631216] nouveau E[  PGRAPH][0000:01:00.0] ch -1 [0x001fb24000] subc 2 class 0x0000 mthd 0x0860 data 0x00ffffff

Noveau is an opensource nvidia accelerated driver.

So I decied to remove xserver-xorg-video-nouveau and reinstalled proprietary driver nvidia-current.

Now the system is suspendable and wakeable again.


How do i restore the default ubuntu sound effects

If I understand the question correctly, go to System Settings, and click on sound.  Once the Window open, click on the Sound Effects Tab, and choose Default.

Added info:

Use GConf-Editor to find out if sound is enabled.  You can type conf in dash, and click on configuration editor.  If its not installed, then, just click Install GConf-Editor .  See image below.


OpenStack DevStack Installation Ubuntu 16.04

Somewhere virtualenv failed to install pip, and other python things, into ~/requirements/.venv/ . Someone with better understanding of DevStack should solve this properly, but in the meantime manually running the following command solved the problem for me:

stack@mymachine:~/devstack$ virtualenv ../requirements/.venv/


You'll have to correct your graphic drivers.

Perform these steps:

First configure the bios to permitt logging in without loading the drivers with the nomodeset grub parameter.

1) Boot to your Grub menu
2) Hit e to edit.
3) Find the line that begins with `linux`.  Append to this line **nomodeset**
4) Hit `F10` to save and boot.

Now from a Terminal screen replace your nvidia driver with a supported driver:

$ sudo apt install nvidia-367

You may have to run Additional Drivers from Software & Updates to select the nvidia-367 driver after the installtion.

Now reboot.


Make sure that you have a good backup of your important Ubuntu files, as this procedure can corrupt or lose data.
Keep these things in mind:

always start the entire procedure with issuing a swapoff on any mounted swap partitions, and end the entire procedure with issuing a swapon on that same swap partition

a move is done by pointing the mouse pointer at the center of a partition and dragging it left/right with the hand cursor

a resize is done by dragging the left/right side of a partition to the left/right with the directional arrow cursor

if any partition can't be moved/resized graphically, you may have to manually enter the specific required numeric data (don't do this unless I instruct you to)

you begin any move/resize by right-clicking on the partition in the lower pane of the main window, and selecting the desired action from the popup menu, then finishing that action in the new move/resize window

Do the following...
Note: if the procedure doesn't work exactly as I outline, STOP immediately and DO NOT continue.

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB, in “Try Ubuntu” mode
start gparted
move /dev/nvme0n1p6 partition all the way left
resize the right side of /dev/nvme0n1p6 all the way right
click the Apply icon


Unable to login to Gnome-Shell in Ubuntu 14.04

Unfortunately, as mysteriously as the problem began, so did it end. I was forced to use Unity for a couple weeks, performed a few standard updates with apt-get, and then when I tested gnome-shell again, it worked.


See file

/etc/pam.d/common-auth

This line should let someone have 3 attempts. It also unlocks after 21600 seconds (=6 hours).

auth required pam_tally.so onerr=fail deny=3 unlock_time=21600

This will not shut down your system but have the user stay at the login screen with a notice (s)he can not login. I have not yet see a method where you can shut the system down after 3 failed loging attempts.


This is a well known problem with Corsair keyboards, and as yet there are workarounds but no real solution.
You might want to look at ckb-next for some workarounds and a driver that might help:

scroll to the "Troubleshooting" section and look for Linux.

I have had reasonable success by adding the following to /etc/default/grub:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash usbhid.quirks=0x1B1C:0x1B13:0x20000408,0x1B1C:0x1B12:0x20000408,0x1B1C:0x1B20:0x20000408"

After you add this, run:

sudo update-grub

to record the changes, then reboot.


Trying to install dataiku on ubuntu 18.04 and got a list of error

The message says:

[-] You can install required dependencies with:
[-]    sudo -i "/home/jp/dataiku-dss-5.0.5/scripts/install/install-deps.sh"

So run

sudo -i "/home/jp/dataiku-dss-5.0.5/scripts/install/install-deps.sh"


How can I load an Ubuntu install image if my disc is too small?

Download a version smaller than 700 Mb. Best version would be Ubuntu server (=667 Mb). That will install the version without a desktop and from a terminal session it is pretty easy to install a desktop after you have a working internet (only need a sudo apt install xbuntu-desktop and a reboot will then get you a desktop).

Yes, the same can be down with the mini ISO. But you will be pulling in more software after installing the system then with the server version. In the end it will be the same system. Regaring "sideload": that is called dual-boot. Dual boot can be achieved when you install a bootloader (GRUB is the more common one). The mini ISO installs grub for you at the end (it asks for it).

The one thing you do not want to do is format the windows partition so it is best to create unallocated space in Windows before starting.

Besides that ...

Most obvious one would be to install from an USB stick. There is a tool for that called "startup disk creator" in Ubuntu. Something similar will be available for Windows XP.
Get a dvd player and install from that.
Rather difficult: create a partition, store the ISO into the partition and boot from it from your BIOS.


What processes should I follow and what programs should I use to transfer my HD data to an SSD?

From a bootable Linux USB I have been, successfully, using dd for both Windows and Linux.  Since dd will make a block by block copy, it will literally mirror the disk.  But you have to be extremely careful to make the copy from the right source into the desired destination, or you can end up with two empty disks.

Also, make sure that the disks are:

the same size; or
destination disk is bigger than the source disk; or
that the amount of data on the source disk is less than the total amount of available space on the destination.

You can identify the disks using the dmesg command, like so:

dmesg | grep sd

Which will give the following output, and allow to identify the disks by it's size and other information that are presented:

[300469.247685] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] 15633408 512-byte logical blocks: (8.00 GB/7.45 GiB)
[300469.248431] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[300469.248441] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[300469.248737] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[300469.250327] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
[300469.280515]  sdb: sdb1 sdb2
[300469.282572] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
[300474.681838] sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[300474.683284] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] 31260672 512-byte logical blocks: (16.0 GB/14.9 GiB)
[300474.684127] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off
[300474.684136] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[300474.684398] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[300474.723553]  sdc: sdc1
[300474.726500] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk

Another way of identifying the disks is using the lsblk command:

lsblk -o NAME,MODEL,SIZE -d

Which will give you the following output:

NAME MODEL                       SIZE
sda  Samsung_SSD_750_EVO_250GB 232,9G
sdb  Cruzer_Blade                7,5G
sdc  Cruzer_Blade               14,9G

The syntax to the copy is:

dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sdb1 status=progress

Where:

if=/dev/sda1 is the source disk

of=/dev/sdb1 is the destination disk

status=progress will show the progress of the copy

The output will be something like this:

cayenne :: ~/tmp/x » dd if=src.iso of=dst.iso status=progress
40960+0 records in
40960+0 records out
20971520 bytes (21 MB, 20 MiB) copied, 0,325608 s, 64,4 MB/s

Again, be really careful as to the order of the disks.  If the disks are of different sizes, you may adjust the partitions on the destination disk using gparted.


I need to disable access to the internet on my install of Ubuntu. How do I completely *remove* the wireless drivers?

The drivers are built into the kernel; I don't believe it's possible to remove them without re-compiling the kernel. There may be a way to disable them; not sure.

I'd suggest physically removing the card.

Note that people will still be able to insert USB WiFi cards, whether you remove the drivers or the internal card.


lubuntu - How to install the latest Tor Browser. 18.04 version

Start by installing the apt-transport-https package that is necessary to access a repository over HTTPS and enabling the Universe repository:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install apt-transport-https
sudo add-apt-repository universe

Import the Tor Apt repository GPG key to your system using the following wget command:

wget -q -O - https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89.asc | sudo apt-key add -

The command above should output OK, which means that the key has been successfully imported and packages from this repository will be considered trusted.

Enable the Tor repository:

echo "deb https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list

Once the repository is enabled, update the apt package list and install the latest version of the Tor Browser by typing:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install tor deb.torproject.org-keyring torbrowser-launcher

That’s it. Tor Browser has been installed on your Linux desktop


Help me Get to the Ubuntu 15.04 Partition, please

Thanks everyone. I got onto Ubuntu LiveUSB & rescued all my stuff & backed it up. I did a fresh install of the SSD with a dual boot of Windows 10 & Ubuntu 15.04. The old HDD still has Windows 8.1 & Ubuntu 14.04.

The new Ubuntu fixed the GRUB & now both the old & new Ubuntu (as well as Window 10 & 8.1) are accessible.

Thanks again everyone for your help.


In 11.10 you probably will need to add an option, either per cli or to ~/.mplayer/config, "-lavdopts threads=X" where X = the number of threads, (1-8, default is 1

Ex. for 2, in cli

-lavdopts threads=2

or in ~/.mplayer/config

lavdopts=threads=2

mplayer2, which is also available in 11.10, should do  mt by default

You can check in either htop or thru the use of mpstat, part of the sysstat package (man mpstat) as to whether mt is happeneing

if you use the above parameter it may show up in terminal, (does with mplayer2, may not with mplayer)  as in  -

==========================================================================

Opening video decoder: [ffmpeg] FFmpeg's libavcodec codec family

Asking decoder to use 2 threads if supported.

Selected video codec: [ffh264] vfm: ffmpeg (FFmpeg H.264)

==========================================================================

I prefer mplayer2 though either should treat you ok.


Linux incompatible with work access points?

I can't comment, so I guess I'll "answer" :P

The first step, I'd say, would be to compare the terminal output of "ipconfig /all" on a Windows laptop (or "ifconfig" on a Mac, although it's very cluttered from what I recall) compared to that of "ifconfig" on your Kubuntu 16.04 laptop.

You can also get some verbose information from your Android phone by 'becoming a developer' (ie. going into Settings -> "About phone" and tapping on "Build number" a bunch of times) and then, in the Developer Options, enabling Wi-Fi Verbose Debugging. This'll make the Wi-Fi section in Settings much more verbose. Alternatively, you can open the dialer and run "##4636##" (this may not work on all devices, but it does if they're close to stock, ex. Nexus devices) which brings up the hidden Testing menu which includes "Wi-Fi information" -> "Wi-Fi Status" and should at least tell you the RSSI.

Combine that with the "iwconfig" command on you Kubuntu laptop and you should have enough information to start comparing some things and seeing if there's some obvious difference between the connection your Kubuntu laptop is making and what others are.

As to what's going on, my initial guesses would be that either the Kubuntu laptop isn't getting the right gateway for some reason, or that it's not negotiating a decent frequency and thus the RSSI is bad or the TX rate is being severely limited. Those are just spurious guesses, however; more information is definitely needed, including very much as per the comments folks have already made (which again, I would've joined in on, but for some weird reason Stack Exchange makes the lower-tier methods of textual interaction the ones hardest to get the 'points' to be able to do!).


Wireless available but not being used with a BCM4311

Go to software center, type "bcm" then search, and it is the b43 broadcom driver, or something like that, install (I uninstalled and reinstalled the other ones, and installed the b43 one): How can I get Broadcom BCM4311 Wireless working? ...

After an entire day, I am wireless again.


Why is Samba on Ubuntu Server not asking for a password?

By default, Windows will supply the local user's credentials when connecting to a network share. You have configured a Windows domain, so presumably users would use the same credentials to log on to their workstations and to connect to the Samba share. Thus the above behavior on a Windows client is normal.


Openoffice

Install the PDF Import Extension from Oracle into your Extension Manager for OpenOffice and you will be able to open and edit your PDF files inside of OpenOffice Draw. Which will create all the elements (text, lines, drawings, etc.) and you will be able to remove those that you don't wish. A screenshot is here:

Gimp

If you prefer to handle your pdf pages as layers and edit'em as images, then you can right click the PDF file and choose "Open with GIMP Image Editor", the "Import from PDF" dialog will show after opening gimp and will allow you to choose which pages you wish to edit with several options as shown in the next screenshot.

After which you will also be able to edit those pages as shown in this screenshot:

Good luck!


Will the windows boot loader replace Grub2 if i install windows now

Yes, this will cause issues, but usually it's nothing that's too hard to repair.

When you install Windows, it will overwrite GRUB, and make it so you can only boot to Windows. Luckily, boot-repair (available from community.ubuntu.com) usually reinstates GRUB as the default bootloader.

Sometimes GRUB won't have an entry for Windows. If this happens, boot Ubuntu and run sudo update-grub.


How do you Image Ubuntu 12.04 and 14.04 installations for restoration?

I've used RedoBackup, and it does just that.  I have tested it with 14.04, and it works OK.

Using it, will restore everything back to the exact same condition prior to doing the image.  And the beauty about it that you don't have to install it, you can either use a Live CD or USB.


GLIB_GSETTINGS not found while compiling gnome extension

Configure script failures are hard to read.
Most likely you are missing a development library.

If this package already exists in ubuntu but you want to compile a newer version, you can do something like:

sudo apt-get build-dep gnome-shell-extensions

This will install all missing build dependencies.


Prevent Windows 10 from formatting ext4 partition on pendrive

1. UDF can replace ext4 to protect a partition with linux style

The problem is that Windows 10 has changed from ignoring a second partition with the linux ext4 file system to prompting the user the format it.
Windows 10 does not prompt the user to format UDF, the Universal Disk Format.

UDF is described in the following links,

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format
tanguy.ortolo.eu/blog/article93/usb-udf
Full compatibility with Linux, Windows and MacOS, scroll down to 'UDF'

UDF provides a workaround that helps protect a partition with linux style

links and
individual permissions for files and directories.

It is even possible to use UDF in the casper-rw partition of a persistent live drive, illustrated by the following screenshot of Lubuntu 16.04.1 LTS,

Commands

Install udftools if necessary

sudo apt-get install udftools

Create a partition table with gparted or gnome-disks
Erase confusing data with dd (risky!)

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdxn bs=1M count=1  # wipe first MiB

where x is the drive letter and n is the partition number. Check and double check that everything is correct before you press the Enter key to run the dd command line!
Create UDF file system (risky!)

sudo mkudffs -b 512 --media-type=hd --lvid=my-label /dev/sdxn

where x is the drive letter and n is the partition number. Check and double check that everything is correct before you press the Enter key!

Backup

But it might be difficult to find good tools to repair UDF. Maybe Windows can fix some errors. So it is important to backup the content regularly, so that the content is not lost, if the file system gets damaged.

2. ext4in a file and loop mount to use it

If you must have ext4, you can put it in a file and loop mount to use it from linux. I don't think that Windows will bother to look in the file.

This method is the same as for a casper-rw file for persistence.

Example:

Create mount points (only once)

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/lp1
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/sd1

Mount the partition, where you intend to create the file.

sudo mount /dev/sdxn /mnt/sd1

where x is the drive letter and n is the partition number.
Create a file. In the FAT32 file system the maximum file size 4 GB, but in NTFS and UDF, the size is limited by the size of the partition.

The following command line will make an empty file with the size (bs * count, in this case 1MiB*8KiB) = 8GiB.

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sd1/linux-fs bs=1M count=8K

Create an ext4 file system in the file

sudo mkfs.ext4 /mnt/sd1/linux-fs

In order to use the file in linux, loop mount it (you can provide a script or desktop file for the end users),

sudo mount -o loop /mnt/sd1/linux-fs /mnt/lp1

or maybe you would prefer something like this,

sudo mount -o defaults,users,loop /mnt/sd1/linux-fs /mnt/lp1

I assume that you already create a structure of directories, ownerships and permissions in the ext4 partition, and the same structure should work in this ext4 file too.

The content will be available via the mount point /mnt/lp1, which means that you and an end user can read and write files and directories, just like an ext4 file system in a partition. But Windows does not prompt the user the format it.


How to configure conky in a tmux session?

You will need to add a tmux line such as

set-option -g status-left-length 50

as the default length is 10 characters, so your conky output is being heavily truncated.


After discussion in the comments, I determined that there are two major problems causing the slowness described.

The two hard disk partitions are FULL. sda5 (root) is at 97% full. The user needs to delete old files, clean up old kernels, and uninstall unneeded applications, etc.
The second problem, and just as big a problem as the first, is that the extended partition (sda4) that contain his Ubuntu installation, is not aligned properly. This really causes some problems. This is too big a topic to discuss here, or guide the user through fixing. It may involve as much as reinstalling Ubuntu and the data all over again, on aligned partitions (probably easist), or as little as making adjustments to the start/end of the partitions (not to be taken lightly).

Cheers, Al


No space left on device but disk not full

Most Linux filesystems reserve 5% of a partition's space for use only by the root user. 300GB is certainly quite a bit to set aside, but you can confirm this by using dumpe2fs:
dumpe2fs /dev/md0 | grep -i reserved

This will give you an output like:
dumpe2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Reserved block count:     5838835
Reserved GDT blocks:      1024
Reserved blocks uid:      0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid:      0 (group root)
  Reserved GDT blocks at 57-1080
  Reserved GDT blocks at 32825-33848
  Reserved GDT blocks at 98361-99384
  Reserved GDT blocks at 163897-164920
  Reserved GDT blocks at 229433-230456
  Reserved GDT blocks at 294969-295992
  Reserved GDT blocks at 819257-820280
  Reserved GDT blocks at 884793-885816
  Reserved GDT blocks at 1605689-1606712
  Reserved GDT blocks at 2654265-2655288
  Reserved GDT blocks at 4096057-4097080
  Reserved GDT blocks at 7962681-7963704
  Reserved GDT blocks at 11239481-11240504
  Reserved GDT blocks at 20480057-20481080
  Reserved GDT blocks at 23887929-23888952
  Reserved GDT blocks at 71663673-71664696
  Reserved GDT blocks at 78676025-78677048
  Reserved GDT blocks at 102400057-102401080

You can also change the amount of space reserved by using tune2fs:
tune2fs -m 0 /dev/md0

If this 5% reservation has already been set to 0 during some previous configuration work, it's possible that a process has opened a large file which has since been deleted. If this is the case, you will need to kill that process to free up the blocked storage space. You might be able to identify the process by using lsof. On Ubuntu, deleted yet open files are known to lsof and marked as (deleted) in the output.
You can check this with:
sudo lsof +L1

Which will give you something like:
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse file system /run/user/1000/doc
      Output information may be incomplete.
COMMAND      PID     USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NLINK     NODE NAME
none        1914     root  txt    REG    0,1    17032     0    43118 / (deleted)
pulseaudi   2185    jason    6u   REG    0,1 67108864     0    43740 /memfd:pulseaudio (deleted)
Xorg        2269    jason   37u   REG    0,1        4     0    46738 /memfd:xshmfence (deleted)
Xorg        2269    jason   51u   REG    0,1        4     0   188039 /memfd:xshmfence (deleted)
Xorg        2269    jason   52u   REG    0,1        4     0  1559738 /memfd:xshmfence (deleted)
Xorg        2269    jason   53u   REG    0,1        4     0  1559752 /memfd:xshmfence (deleted)
Xorg        2269    jason   54u   REG    0,1        4     0  1538559 /memfd:xshmfence (deleted)
Xorg        2269    jason   55u   REG    0,1        4     0  1538346 /memfd:xshmfence (deleted)
Xorg        2269    jason   59u   REG    0,1        4     0   329944 /memfd:xshmfence (deleted)
Xorg        2269    jason   68u   REG    0,1        4     0   312483 /memfd:xshmfence (deleted)
Xorg        2269    jason   70u   REG    0,1        4     0   312485 /memfd:xshmfence (deleted)
Xorg        2269    jason   71u   REG    0,1        4     0   310664 /memfd:xshmfence (deleted)
Xorg        2269    jason   72u   REG    0,1        4     0   312648 /memfd:xshmfence (deleted)
...

Hope this points you in the right direction.


Install driver not showing WiFi network anymore

The culprit was the "WAN Radio" settings that was reset to "Auto" when it seems it should be "Enabled"
(UEFI => Advanced => Chipset Configuration => WAN Radio)
You might also have to make sure the "BIOS" button on the WiFi card, is turned on (outside your computer case, at the back, no need to open it).


but there is a black border around the screen with every resolution I tried

Sounds like "overscan". You can set this from the ati/nVidia admin control center.

ATI:

nVidia:

Just to make sure the upgrade is not messing up your experience I would advice to do a re-install. My experience is that an install works better then upgrading.


Mobile broadband not connect without unplug and plug

Normally Linux distributions like Ubuntu,Debian,etc detect and mount modem as a CD/DVD drive.And the network manager applet does not show the service provider name on its list.For this problem you have to follow the simple steps given below.

1.Open the terminal and move to the directory where you extracted the huwaei datacard drivers for linux.(I extracted the drivers to the desktop)

2.run sudo chmod 777 install command to give executable permission to the file install.

3.run sudo ./install.After that the terminal shows Install NDIS driver failed.Skip that and press ENTER.

4.Finally restart your pc .

After that your network manager applet will surely detect your modem or you have to manually create a broadband connection.By,

1.Goto Network Connections and click on ADD Button.

2.Choose Connection Type as Mobile Broadband

3.Select HUAWEI Mobile from the dropdown list.And proceed through the installation steps by selecting APN,etc.


Brightness problem after upgrade to Ubuntu 13.10 on ASUS Slimbook X401U

You can change your brightness using xrandr like in this example.

sudo xrandr --output LVDS --brightness 0.3

Also you can try to switch to fglrx drivers and than switch back to the open source drivers.
Switching between drivers in ubuntu unity is very easy.
Just follow those steps in the UI:
System Settings, Software and Updates, Additional Drivers.


How to copy region of text in some app (like using Alt key in some Win apps)?

This feature is dependent on the text editor you're using. In kate, for example, Block Selection Mode is toggled by Shift-Ctrl-B.

As far as I'm aware, on Windows this also is a feature which is implemented (or not implemented) by each individual editor.

If your editor does not support the feature you can install kate, copy-paste text there and then use the Block Selection Mode.


You should be able to place any command-line options in a script (as below) and then select that script through the firefox menu. However, it is critical you include "$@" so that the file(s) passed from firefox will actually be opened. Otherwise, just a blank document would be opened. As an example, this is the sort of wrapper script that you use:

#!/bin/bash

/usr/share/playonlinux/playonlinux --run "Microsoft Word 2010" Z:"$@"

It is critical to include the Z: or the document will not be found by wine or its equivalent, as the Z: is a symlink to your filesystem.

I also tried this with WordViewer in Wine and it worked with the following commands:

#!/bin/bash
wine /home/mike/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/Microsoft\ Office/OFFICE11/WORDVIEW.EXE Z:"$@"

If you just wanted Libreoffice, you would instead use in the script:

#!/bin/bash

libreoffice --writer "$@"

There is further detailed information in this useful article if you also wish to associate various file types with Microsoft Word 2010, as also discussed in this question:

How to set MS Word 2010 as default application for all docx and other types?

Create a new text file, copy the contents of the first script (which is what you said you want) and make it executable. Then you can select the script through the firefox menu, as below:


Is `sudo pip install` still a broken practice?

Both sudo pip install and its other common variant sudo -H pip install should not be encouraged because it is a security risk to use root privileges to use pip to install Python packages from PyPI (Python Package Index).

From https://stackoverflow.com/a/21056000/486919 (emphasis mine):

  When you run pip with sudo, you run setup.py with sudo. In
  other words, you run arbitrary Python  code from the Internet as root.
  If someone puts up a malicious project on PyPI and you install it, you
  give an attacker root access to your machine. Prior to some recent
  fixes to pip and PyPI, an attacker could also run a man in the
  middle attack to inject their code when you download a trustworthy
  project.

As mentioned at https://security.stackexchange.com/a/79327/8761, it is important to note that anyone can upload Python packages, including malicious ones, to PyPI.

In short, in accordance with the principle of least privilege, don't use sudo with pip to install Python packages from PyPI unless you absolutely need to. Instead, consider using pip install --user (note that pip install with no sudo nor additional flags/options defaults to pip install --user on Ubuntu currently) or virtual environments (such as virtualenv). If you see people recommending sudo pip or sudo -H pip, please tell them not to.


Cannot install sendmail or update Ubuntu

The problem is you are currently using EOL (end-of-life) distribution of Ubuntu. You can check this on the page: Ubuntu release end of life. This is the reason why its repositories are 404  Not Found. You simply can try to open any Failed to fetch package in your browser and will see the same - it doesn't exist.

The way to recover from this situation is to follow the manual EOL Upgrades on Ubuntu Doc.


According to the Wikipedia page of dbndns, the tool isn't maintained for Debian any longer. Because Ubuntu is based on Debian, the dbndns and djbdns packages are not available for newer versions of Ubuntu, as well.

I don't have definitive information about why the packages have been removed from Debian, but I'd reckon it's related to the tools' age. The last stable release of dbndns is from 2010, the last stable release of djbdns is from 2001(!). Perhaps there was no maintainer who wanted to grapple with integrating it into a current distro, fixing security holes etc.


I don't think what you are doing is a stack overflow. That is what happens when you recurse too deeply into a function, causing you to run out of stack frames.

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    return main(argc, argv);
}

What you are trying to achieve is a buffer overflow on the stack. I think you are hoping to write to the return address and then make it call CanNeverExecute.

Then you get stack smashing detected, from gcc's stack protector. You can disable it using gcc -fno-stack-protector. Of course, don't ever do that with programs you intend on running for production.


VMware: error- 'CPU disabled by guest operating system' after I move the Virtual Machine folder?

Assuming you’re using Ubuntu as the host operating system …
This sort of error is usually seen when the virtual machine has not been cleanly shut down and is being moved from one VMware installation (or version) to another. There are two reasonable possible solutions to try:

Reset the VM. If the virtual machine was copied in an “uncleanliness state, then you can sometimes resolve this by rebooting the VM (even if it says it is off).
Verify that your host OS has not received an update recently that has disabled  VTx/VTd.

If neither of these work, you will need to search for the solution on a VMware support site, as this doesn’t seem to be an Ubuntu-specific issue.
Also, make backups. If you don’t have backups of your files, then the files aren’t really that important. There’s no valid excuse for not ensuring you can continue to work in the event of a complete system explosion.


E-Book-Reader Style Desktop Environment for 11.10?

Your best bet here is to use Openbox, avalible through sudo apt-get install openbox. It's a very minimalistic desktop enviroment thet uses barely any RAM. When you first login, all you get is a blank blue screen. Ri-ght-click the desktop and select "Open Terminal". From there you can type commands to acess the web browser for acessing the internet, calibre for reading ebooks, etc. This type will give you a very long battery life because of the minimal resources used. You can also tell the CPU speed to run at a lower spees, the computer will run more slowly but it will lengthen battery life. To do this, see the program cpudynd at http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hardy/man8/cpudynd.8.html.


How to find where a quick launch icon is pointing to

In   GNU/Linux we use .desktop files aka "Desktop Entries", they are located at:

/usr/share/applications/

also can be find per user as:

~/.local/share/applications/

From here:

  Desktop Entry specification provides a standard for applications to integrate into a desktop environment. Desktop entries are the configuration files that describe how an application is launched and which data it can handle. They also configure how an application appears in a menu with an icon, which is subject to the related menu specification standard.

You can locate them using locate command too:

locate nautilus.desktop

or

locate nautilus | grep ".desktop"

let's see what is in nautilus.desktop:

$ cat /usr/share/applications/nautilus.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
NotShowIn=Unity;
Name=Files
Comment=Access and organize files
Keywords=folder;manager;explore;disk;filesystem;
Exec=nautilus --new-window %U

As you see the name is "Files" however it executes nautilus --new-window %U. For the command nautilus itself as you should know we can use which to find out where it is located:

$ which nautilus
/usr/bin/nautilus

To find them by name you can do as follow, say we want to know by clicking on an icon with the name "Files" which program will be executed:

 grep -lRi name=files /usr/share/applications/

-l: show only file names
-R: recersuve
-i: in-case sensitive

it will outputs:

/usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Nautilus.desktop
/usr/share/applications/nautilus-folder-handler.desktop
/usr/share/applications/nautilus.desktop

then I can look into those files for Exec= to see which program really will be run.

something like this will do it more convenience:

grep -lRi name=files /usr/share/applications/ | xargs grep exec= -i


Lost my files? I've installed Ubuntu wrong

Open your file explorer in Ubuntu and on the left side, under "devices" it will say something like "50gb file system" (it may not be 50gb it will be whatever you set it to)

That file system is your windows 8 partition.  Once there, you can browse it just like in windows; it contains the same files.

When you start up your computer what does it look like? Do you get a menu that lets you choose between Ubuntu and Windows? If these don't work you may have done the installation wrong and deleted your entire windows partition.

Thirdly, the Ubuntu install comes with a partitioning tool (gparted or fdisk), you didn't have to make it in Windows. Instead when it says "install alongside windows 8" just choose that option and press "install".


Part way through downloading the latest HPLIP, my wife told me that her Ubuntu 12.04 installation was also not able to use the printer. Since that had been working fine, I ended up shutting off the printer and modem/router, restarting the modem/router, and then restarting the printer. Both 12.04 (with a its previously updated hplip) and 14.04 with its stock hplip were able to recognize the printer then. Appears to have been a network problem.


Dual booting (Ubuntu 14.04) and Windows 7 Ultimate

Currently you have the following partitions:

120GB SSD containing Windows installation
2TB HDD containing the Windows BOOT partition, a SWAP partition, and a nearly 2TB Ubuntu partition
3TB NTFS partition for data I assume.

What you want to do as far as I understand:

resize the nearly 2TB Ubuntu partition to 300GB
reformat the leftover place to NTFS

For this you can use a Live CD, install gparted, and set up the partitions as you see fit.

PS: And I don't know what you mean by both operating systems being usable, please elaborate in a comment.


Intel Optane Memory support for Ubuntu and Windows 10 dual boot on Dell i7

Even I had this very same question an year ago. And the answer is that we can't. Though, it's easy to dual boot another operating system, you will have significantly slower boot time. Performance wise, there won't be much of a difference. But, it would be comparatively slower than what the speed you would get from other PCs without optane modeule. Intel is still silent about this and we are not expecting any updates on this anytime sooner.


Repo does not have a Release file, cannot apt-get update even after removing apt lists and sources.list

If you've cleared /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ directory and it did not help, then you need to examine your /etc/apt/sources.list file. Most probably, your faulty repository is listed there.

Make sure it looks like this:

$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan-updates main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan-updates universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan-updates multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu eoan partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security multiverse

You could use the next command to see if your faulty repository is listed there:

$ grep kong /etc/apt/sources.list

If you need to look for it in a bunch of files, then use the next command:

$ grep kong /etc/apt/*
$ grep kong /etc/apt/*/*

The second command will look for kong in apt folder's subdirectories.


How can I recover my external hard drive which has been corrupted?

In these cases we are not trying to make any modification on the corrupted disk! You should follow these steps (I am working in this way):

Take off the HDD from the computer, and plug it into an external usb bay.
Make a full raw copy of entire disk with dd. Example: dd if=/dev/sdb of=/my/backup/disk.raw bs=1M
Make a copy of disk.raw and put it away, to have an untouched version if you have to revert.
Scan the disk.raw with testdisk first to see if you can restore the partitions.
If the method above did not succeded, grab as much data you can with photorec.
If nothing worked, try other recovery softwares, but work all the time on the image file! This is crucial to not make bigger damages.

Note: About the usage of mentioned utilities please read their manuals first.


Video editing software/Screen recording software with motion blur effect

For screen recording, I use Kazam which is a good application but I don't know others well.

This link should help you choose

For the editing software, there is Blender (if you go to the properties panel, in the export tab, there is the option for a motion blur)

Openshot is a easier video editor and it most probably has the motion blur effect. I also saw on another forum that Avidemux has this effect but I'm not sure.


Error 8000 - Installing Ubuntu on an old PC with bootable DVD

Try to burn with another CD but do not use CD-RW (it might be a faulty burned disc).

You can find CD releases for 12.04 here: http://releases.ubuntu.com/precise/ But you do need an 80 minutes CD (those are a bit over 700M).

Do you have an USB port on the machine? If so see: "How to create a bootable USBstick on Windows" as an alternative.
Another method: download the server and manually add the desktop. Server is 665M so will fit.

Oh and as of 12.10 a CD is no longer an option.


Remote Ubuntu 12.04 desktop cannot display X on local laptop

If you want to display the whole desktop, then the easiest way is to enable Desktop Sharing on the desktop machine - either from the dash by searching for 'Desktop Sharing' or from a terminal as vino-preferences:

This will run a VNC server which you can connect to from the laptop machine using any VNC client (the default client for Ubuntu being 'Remmina', which you can also find via the dash):

Note that VNC is not secure and if this machine is accessible from the public internet then you should take additional steps to secure it such as blocking VNC ports and enforcing tunneling via SSH.

If you want multiple users to be able to connect concurrently and run their own separate GUI sessions, then instead of 'Desktop Sharing', you can install an actual vncserver - there are several different vncserver implementations including vnc4server and tightvncserver

DESCRIPTION
       vncserver is a wrapper script for Xvnc, the free X server for VNC (Vir‐
       tual Network Computing). It provides all capabilities of a  standard  X
       server,  but  does  not connect to a display for itself.  Instead, Xvnc
       creates a virtual desktop you can view or control remotely using a  VNC
       viewer.

Alternatively, you can use SSH directly with X-forwarding to relay individual application windows from the desktop to the laptop (as you apparently tried) - the most likely reasons it failed to connect are either that you don't have an SSH server running on the desktop machine (it is not installed by default); you can install it from the Software Center or from a terminal using

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

or that the SSH port is blocked by a firewall or via iptables.

On the client (laptop) you do not need PuTTY, it is sufficient to run the ssh client from the command line as

ssh -X your.desk.top.ip

or, if you have some kind of DNS / mDNS running

ssh -X hostname

Note that telnet is not secure either and best practice is to uninstall telnetd and use SSH in its place.


Should Ubuntu be installed in UEFI mode?

UEFI is a newer technology, so its support has been added later to Ubuntu and therefore is generally less tested in real conditions than legacy BIOS. This doesn’t mean it hasn’t been tested enough, just the time in which the world is using UEFI is shorter than for legacy BIOS.
The text you quoted from Ubuntu UEFI documentation was added on 2015-06-07 which is almost 5 years ago.

either mode is likely to work, although BIOS mode is less likely to cause problems...

So if you are not experiencing any problems, you can happily use UEFI. I personally would choose UEFI because I find it mature enough and more flexible. (Related: In a dual boot system, how does the BIOS choose which bootloader to run?)

Does it really not matter whether UEFI is used, even when it comes to security?

As you have found already, UEFI offers Secure Boot which legacy BIOS does not. Legacy BIOS was never designed to provide security features.


How to compile Shrew VPN Xubuntu 12.10 with cmake?

Shrew vpn used to be in the repositories under the name ike, so on 12.04 you could install it very simply with sudo apt-get install ike; however this is not possible on 12.10, so one solution would be to compile it.

For compilation you will need the stable release code and the necessary dependencies.

sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev libaudio-dev libcups2-dev

Note: this will build the command-line client, but not the gui unless you have the qt-dev and toolkit files installed (it requires qt 3.3 or above, but has not been tested with qt4; see the readme with the download for further information).

Now, the configuring with cmake should be fine, and you can specify all the custom options that I see you require when you run it.

This was the successful completion of the configure with the above dependencies installed:

-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/mike/src/ike

Without libssl-dev installed I get exactly the error you received:

CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:196 (message):
Unable to locate openssl crypto include files

You can use install and use checkinstall to install the compiled program, or you may have other plans.


Panic over, all seems to be working fine after I closed down and restarted.

Do not know why this has happened.


How to move home directory to a new partition? And does it delete files?

If you want to move the whole /home to a another partition (change /home partition) as muru already said the workaround is here.

However if you want to only change a specific user home directory:

sudo usermod -d /media/user/d uesername

-d : sets /media/user/d as new home directory for selected user.

And it does not remove your files from: /media/user/d.


when i added ,vers=1.0 to the mount options, i changed the mount options from nounix to unix. you can check this with mount -l (unix is not an option which can be set implicit).

$ sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.1.135/fooshare ~/fooshare -o username=foouser,password=foopass,uid=baruser,gid=baruser,vers=1.0

to provide extra info:

$ sudo bash -c "echo 3 > /proc/fs/cifs/cifsFYI"

make sure you unmount the specified mount properly before setting the option.
To view the status (number of current cifs mounts by):

$ cat /proc/fs/cifs/DebugData


Is there a way to equalize audio channels separately?

Looks like this was implemented in PulseEffects as of version 4.4.2. See this GitHub issue for more details.

To install PulseEffects refer to the README for instructions for your OS. Ubuntu specific instructions can be found in their wiki.


Unable to install mysql-server: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

I faced same error due to problem in my upgrade from ubuntu 18.04 to Ubuntu 20.04. What I did is get MariaDB instead  also make sure  when you do purge MySQL and if asked to remove databases in the directory, click on "No". It would not delete the databases so you will have your old databases and no data loss.
I used these commands:
sudo apt-get purge mysql*
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install mariadb-server


Ctrl + X will quit the editor and you will be asked if you want to save your changes. If you do, press Y for Yes.

Ctrl + O should also work, since that means to save the file, but you won't be asked "Save modifier buffer ? " because you already told nano to save.


Running sudo apt-get install fglrx-dev fglrx-updates fglrx-updates-dev Fixed the issue. For some reason, I couldn't install all three at once, so I had to install fglrx-dev first, and then the other two were fine.

EDIT: I was mistaken, following the instructions in this post worked perfectly.


BIOS
ASUS AMD AM4 PRO WS X570-ACE ATX Workstation
You have BIOS 1104.
There's a newer BIOS available, 1302, dated 2/19/2020 and can be downloaded here or here.
Note: Confirm that I have the correct web page for your motherboard.
Note: Have good backups before updating the BIOS.
Memtest
Because of the large amount of RAM, and the kind of crashes that you're seeing, if memory tests have never been run, go to https://www.memtest86.com/ and download/run their free memtest to test your memory. Get at least one complete pass of all the 4/4 tests to confirm good memory. This may take many hours to complete.
Swap
With 64G RAM, you have excessive swap, unless you're hibernating, at 61G. Reduce it to 4G. Depending on if you're using a swap partition or a /swapfile, the method to reduce is different.
Assuming that you're using a /swapfile...
Note: Incorrect use of the dd command can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=4096

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm 64G RAM and 4G swap
reboot                    # reboot and verify operation

Add this line to /etc/fstab, if it's not already there...
/swapfile    none    swap    sw      0   0

vm.swappiness
vm.swappiness = 10 is really unnecessary.
Set vm.swappiness=60 (based on 64G RAM and 4G SWAP), this way...
sudo -H gedit /etc/sysctl.conf # edit this file
Search for an existing vm.swappiness= entry...
CTRL+f vm.swappiness

If found, edit it to say vm.swappiness=60

If not found, add vm.swappiness=60 at the end of the file

Save your edits and quit gedit
sudo sysctl -p


After upgrading to Ubuntu 19.10 I see issues when resizing windows or dragging windows

I got a similar issue and fixed it by removing an extension that was causing issues:

~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions
rm -rf desktop-icons@csoriano/

The log out, log back in and everything is good.

Your problem might not be exactly the same but I think it is worth try disabling/removing any gnome shell extensions you might have.


First, run:

$ ./configure

Then create a directory and go into it:

$ md build && cd ./build

Then run make:

$ ../make

Finally, install it:

$ sudo ../make install


Will installing Macbuntu environment remove unity?

1st lines in your link:

Mac OS (MBuntu) Transformation pack is ready for Ubuntu 14.10 Utopic/14.04 Trusty Tahr/Linux Mint 17.1 Rebecca/17 Qiana (Note: For best results use Unity/Gnome FallBack, and for previous Ubuntu versions link to posts are given)
This pack contains themes for GTK (supports: Unity, Gnome, Cinnamon, Mate, and Xfce),
What's in this Version?
Themes are shiny, smooth, fast, and looks like latest Mac
Mac Boot Splash auto configuration
Mac theme for LightDM-webkit auto configuration
Separate GTK themes for each desktop (Unity, Gnome Classic, Linux Mint)
Latest icon set
Three docky themes
Auto set themes and icons script

And it also has a very alternatives to Ubuntu software.

But the note states to use "unity" so I doubt it gets deleted. And what you are installing is not an OS; it is more a THEME pack with lots of extras.


Juju - configuring a service by clicking on charm with stand-alone implementation - LXCa

I think there are two questions here...

How to get to the services configuration screen from the Juju GUI

There are two places, The inspector which shows up when you click on a service allows you to configure the charm, which will configure the service. If you want to get to a configuration UI for the deployed service, say in the case of Wordpress which has it's own admin panel. You will need to check the readme for the charm for this information. The unit's IP address can be found in the Inspector which was previously mentioned. You can also get this information from the command line by running juju status. There is some stuff in the pipeline to simplify this functionality in the GUI.

Why is my relationship always green

Green - when the relationship hooks are running and/or completed successfully.
Red - when a hook on either end has failed.

So it's likely that your environment relations are working as expected because the relation lines never turn red.


ThinkPad TrackPoint Buttons Not Working Well

I got this to work.

First off, all the messed up settings were because gpointing-device-settings (or Pointing Devices in Ubuntu app screens) were set to button 4 in the TrackPoint device settings screen, when it should have been button 2. Once I changed it to button 2 all worked well.


.exe files getting downloaded when asked to install `ubuntu-restricted-extras`

These fonts were originally released by Microsoft as executable installers, and their license only allows "complete copies" to be distributed:

  Reproduction and Distribution. You may reproduce and distribute an unlimited number of copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT; provided that each copy shall be a true and complete copy, including all copyright and trademark notices, and shall be accompanied by a copy of this EULA. Copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT may not be distributed for profit either on a standalone basis or included as part of your own product.

Ubuntu's package doesn't actually contain a copy of the fonts, but rather a script that downloads the original Windows executables from a third-party archive. The script then extracts and installs the fonts without actually running the executables.

It's a convoluted arrangement, but that's what happens when software is released with restrictive licensing.


Grabbing only total number from `loc` (lines of code) command

You can do this easily with grep, but you need two steps:

Filter the line that contains Total:

grep 'Total'

Display only the last number (consecutive digits) from that line:

grep -Po '\d+$'

-P switches to PCRE regex mode, which is needed for it to understand that \d means "any digit (0-9)".
-o tells it to only display the matched sequence, not the whole line.
$ matches the end of the line.

Together these snippets make up the command below:

loc | grep 'Total' | grep -Po '\d+$'

If we assume you have a plain text file containing a line like this:

  Current lines of code in this project: 123

You can edit this file and replace the number in this line with the value stored in the Bash variable $linecount using the sed command below. Of course you must store the total line count in that variable first, like this:

linecount=$(loc | grep 'Total' | grep -Po '\d+$')

sed -i -E "s/(Current lines of code in this project: )[[:digit:]]+/\1$linecount/" README.MD


Will Ubuntu 12.10 64bit recognize 6gb ram on 2007 macbook pro

Sure. Ubuntu 64 Bit support PAE (Physical Address Extension) so it would recognize it very well.

Ubuntu 32 Bit Support until 4GB RAM
Ubuntu 32 Bit + PAE Support until 64GB RAM
Ubuntu 64 Bit Support 1024 GB Ram

Dont forget to check ur BIOS , Be sure ur Bios configuration is optimal and not limit ur RAM max


Download Source to Build Application Myself

Yes, you can generally build packages that are made for Debian on Ubuntu, most packages in Ubuntu are like this.

In this example, you'll find that Code::Blocks is already in the universe component of the Ubuntu repositories, the package name is  codeblocks


Why wouldn't the `which` command work for `cd`? I can't find the executable for `cd` either!

Command cd can not be an executable
In a shell, cd is used to "go into another directory", or more formally, to change the current working directory (CWD). It's impossible to implement that as an external command:
The directory belongs to a process
The current working directory is the directory that is used to interpret relative paths to obtain a full path that can be used to access files.
Relative paths are used in many places, and the interpretation in one process should not influence another process.
For this reason, every process has its own current working directory.
cd is about changing the current working directory of the shell process, for example, bash.
If it were an external command, an executable in the path, running that executable would create a process with its own working directory, without influencing that of the current shell. Even if the external command would change its directory, that change goes away when the external process exits.
Shell builtin commands
So it makes no sense to run an external command for the task of cd. The command cd needs to apply a change to the currently running shell process.
To do that, it is a “builtin command” of the shell.
Builtin commands are commands that behave similar to external commands, but are implemented in the shell (so cd is not part of the coreutils). This allows the command to change the state of the shell itself, in this case, to call chdir() see (see man 2 chdir);
About which
Now, the answer to the title question is easy:
The executable command which can not tell us that cd is a builtin command because an executable command does not know anything about builtins.
Alternative type -a
As an alternative to which, you can use type -a; It can see executable commands and builtins;  Additionally, it sees aliases and functions - also implemented in the shell:
$ type -a cd
cd is a shell builtin
$ type -a type
type is a shell builtin
$ type -a which
which is /usr/bin/which
which is /bin/which