NTFS partition for all my files? (Windows and Ubuntu)

Both Windows and Linux are capable of reading NTFS, so yes, you can create a multimedia NTFS partition to share your files (though not applications such as media players, which are compiled for a specific OS). You can create /home as a separated partition from /, and an additional partition for shared files, or share everything under /home (must be NTFS then). Personally I'd create:

/swap 2GB
/ 20GB, ext4
/home [enough for your Linux-exclusive stuff], ext4
/shared [enough for your shared data], NTFS

If you swapped more than 2GB to disk your system will already be crawling to a halt, no point on having 4-6GB swap nowadays.


Is there a numbering convention for xorg.conf.d files?

xorg.conf.d files are applied in the alphabetical order in the directory.

So these numbers set the order of execution.

This is common for all *.d config directories. Like /udev/rules.d/, etc.


MongoChef is distributed as a .tar.gz file and not handled by the package manager.

Therefore you can just do a sudo rm -rf <path to old mongochef folder> and you'll be fine.

EDIT: To find the old mongochef folder, do a

sudo find / -name mongochef.sh -type f

It will output something like

/your/path/old-mongochef/bin/mongochef.sh
/another/path/new-mongochef/bin/mongochef.sh

One is the old install, the other one is the new install. Be sure to identify correctly the old install folder.

Here your MongoChef install dir is /your/path/old-mongochef and you can remove it with

sudo rm -rf /your/path/old-mongochef


Playing around I found a solution as follows:

instead of Space as separation for command and parameters you have to type in AltGr + Space.
That is very easy, but if you dont know it, it is a big problem.


Code Blocks is not working from every folder on Ubuntu 18.04

I've sorted out the problem.
My inner folder structure was -

Home/Documents/Practise/cc++

but the folder cc++ was named by c\c++ but the codeblocks takes it as cc++ (see screenshot).
I've renamed it to c++ now it works fine.


Multimedia keys don't actually change volume (even though the OSD shows a change)

Go to the Xubuntu Settings Manager (xfce4-settings-manager) and navigate to Keyboard -> Application Shortcuts
Add the following shortcuts:

For the volume up key, use the command amixer set Master playback 5%+
For the volume down key, use the command amixer set Master playback 5%-
For the mute key, use the command amixer set Master toggle

Open the PulseAudio control app (pavucontrol) and try pressing the volume up/down and multimedia keys. If they don't work, try logging out and back in again.
Press the volume up key until the volume has increased to 100% in both the OSD and in pavucontrol. This will "align" the two volumes, so they appear the same to you. Make sure that decreasing the volume to 0% results in both the OSD and pavucontrol becoming 0% with the same number of presses of the volume down button. If it doesn't, go back to the Settings Manager and adjust the percentages for the volume up/down commands entered in step 2 until they are aligned correctly.


How to find manpage package corresponding to a specific executable?

I think it is

locale-gen

and man locale-gen gives:

DESCRIPTION
       Compiled  locale  files  take  about 50MB of disk space, and most users
       only need few locales.  In order to save disk  space,  compiled  locale
       files  are not distributed in the locales package, but...

 Steeldriver did comment before I answered. I believe we hit upon it at the same time. I did not mean to plagiarize.


need help updating Ubuntu to kernel 3.19

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.19.8-vivid/

Download the packages that match your architecture, 32 or 64 bit.

Then use

sudo dpkg -i PACKAGE_NAME.deb

for each package

Then reboot sudo reboot


A new Thunderbird update fixed it for that program. Supposedly Empathy is supposed to work already, but it doesn't.

I guess this was just a bug due to some new messaging infrastructure.

It seems related to this:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/indicator-messages/+bug/1040259

I'm still not sure what to call the little unread indicator, though.


It's fine in  gedit 3.20.2.

This maybe help you http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2016/06/install-gedit-3-10-ubuntu-16-04-lts


Connecting to a Windows Network drive via SMB

Have you tried mounting in command window?
Something like

mount -t cifs //myserver/share /local/path -o user=USERNAME,pass=PASSWORD,domain=DOMAINNAME

It should not be important if your host is joined to the domain. Or do you want to auth with kerberos or something like that?


How to install VMware Horizon Client 4.5.0 on Ubuntu 17.04

There's a newer version in 17.04. Try pressing TAB twice to see available options ;)

sudo apt-get install libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev
sudo apt-get install libgstreamer1.0-dev
sudo apt-get install v4l-utils


Creating Your Own Mount Point for USB Drive

Try this:

Make your script: make a new text document and put this in:

#!/bin/sh
mkdir -p /path/to/custom-mount
sudo umount /dev/sdaX ((This is the drive you want to mount in the custom location))
sudo mount -t filesystem-type -o rw /dev/sdaX /path/to/custom-mount

Put this script under /etc/init.d.
Make it executable by running sudo chmod -x /etc/init.d/script-name.
Run update-rc.d script-name defaults.

Hopefully, this will unmount your drive and then remount it under the folder you want.


Extracting zip file fails giving error need PK compat. v5.1

According to this thread you can use 7z for this. First install p7zip-full package with:

sudo apt-get install p7zip-full

Then either use the GUI or extract the archive with this command:

7z e /path/to/file

or

7z x /path/to/file

(second one preserves directory structure).


Mounted External Drive Doesn't Show Correct Size

Did you try actually copying a Gb of info there? It can be a bug in df only. Did you try reformatting HDD? By the way, check the size in GParted or any other tool that really understands GPT. Re-create GPT table using GParted, the create partition. If this disk is linux-only, use btrfs file system, otherwise you have to use NTFS.
If after recreating GPT you still see small size in GParted, you disk is damaged or fake.


I am not sure whether it will work or not but you can give it a try. It is safe so no need to worry.

Follow these steps.

First take a backup of /etc/network/interfaces

sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.back

Open /etc/network/interfaces by sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces and replace the contents with this:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

Save and close geditand execute following command:

sudo ifup eth0

or/and

sudo dhclient eth0

Try to connect again, also try to restart you system once.
If it doesn't work then I am sorry! this would not be your solution. Replace your new /etc/network/interfaces file with original one: /etc/network/interfaces.back:

sudo mv /etc/network/interfaces.back /etc/network/interfaces

and run:

sudo dhclient eth0

Reply what happens.


Inspite of set network-mode 3G type, getting 2G connection with mobile broadband

Reinstall network-manager & modem-manager-gui with 2G connection.(though it is slow)

sudo apt-get --reinstall install network-manager
sudo apt-get --reinstall install modem-manager-gui

(Optional)Then install the necessary packages for network-manager to work.

sudo apt-get install network-manager dpkg dbus dnsmasq-base iproute iputils-arping isc-dhcp-client libc6 libdbus-1-3 libdbus-glib-1-2 libglib2.0-0 libgudev-1.0-0 libnl-3-200 libnl-genl-3-200 libnl-route-3-200 libnm-glib4 libnm-util2 libpolkit-gobject-1-0 lsb-base udev upstart-job wpasupplicant


I am guessing you would need to go through all the links at the bottom of the page, the search results are not condensed in to one single page.

You would need to parse and download each of results by themselves.


HP printer installed and the scanner doesn't work

Some scanners will work straight away.  Ubuntu comes with software called SimpleScan.  If you can't find it in your applications, install it in a terminal window with sudo apt-get install simple-scan.

Ubuntu also comes with HPLIP which supports HP printers.

According to this page, you printer is supported.

If SimpleScan is not working for you, you may need to install HPLIP.  Click here for the downloads page, which includes instructions on how to install HPLIP.


What UML (Unified Modelling Language) tools are available?

Did you ever try Umbrello? Given it is based on KDE, however is the best tool I have encountered if you do not want to go the java route. Umbrello is in the Ubuntu repository.

If you are ok with java, ArgoUML is a quite good tool, or you can see what plugins are available for eclipse.


Samba is not an FTP service, but a windows-based network filesystem.

You should install an FTP daemon, such as ftpd.

You can do this by:

sudo apt-get install ftpd

Or, you can look at the various related ftp daemons by using the command:

apt-cache search ftpd

And then install the one of your choosing.

There is an official help page here, as well.


apt-get fails with: "Unable to fetch..."

apt-get was configured to use a proxy, by using a file  apt.conf

That proxy is no longer in use, so apt was not being able to use it.

The www worked, since it had its own proxy configuration (no proxy), through Network-> Network proxy


How do I track apps downloaded with "sudo apt-get"?

TL;DR: Look in the package manager's logs, especially /var/log/apt/history.log.

To see what package management operations have been performed, I recommend consulting the APT and dpkg logs.

/var/log/apt/term.log shows the APT operations that have been performed. It is essentially the same text shown on the terminal when you run commands like apt-get, and date and timestamps are provided so it's clear when each operation was done.
/var/log/apt/history.log shows each package management operation performed by APT, who did it, what command was run to do it, and what packages and versions were affected. (This seems  very similar to what you are asking for.)
/var/log/dpkg.log is the log for dpkg, which is the lower-level utility called by apt-get and other tools. It gives a list of operations on and statuses for each package that was added, removed, or modified, and the relevant versions.

To see the list of packages that a particular package needs (its dependencies), the packages that depend on it (its reverse dependencies), and some other information, you can run:

apt-cache showpkg package

Replace package with the actual name of the package.


It turns out that adb, even though started by systemd, was started by a request from the renderdoc tool.
I had an old copy of adb in my user's bin directory, where it got picked up by renderdoc.
After exiting renderdoc, the adb server is left up.
So adb is not brought up at boot time, but at renderdoc's request. This is because the tool can capture both local GPU streams as well as remote ones from Android devices.


If you're looking specifically to run Android apps on Ubuntu, you can try Anbox. Bear in mind that it is still in alpha stage, though.


PANIC: ANDROID_SDK_HOME is defined but could not find Nexus_5_API_23_x86.ini file

Actually I got the exact same issue recently. I was on MacOSX but the result was the same. I figured out that Android Studio was not launched correctly from the "Dock" with the set of environment variables that it was supposed to. I suggest that you lunch it thru a command line and see how it goes.

Basically "$HOME/.android/avd" is not used for some obscure reason (and the .ini file which is there is not found)


How to run commands at login on ubuntu 12.04?

search for "startup applications" in your dash.
-Click on add
-Name it and enter the command you want to execute
-Click ok and restart to verify


you can try to change timeout to 0 in

  sudo nano /etc/default/grub

then ctrl+o to save changes, "Enter", and finally ctrl+x to exit

if above command does not work this might help you


It never rarely happens in Ubuntu, because:

all the most of the trojans and remote spy tools are programmed for windows systems.
If anyone infects you with one of these tools for Linux, it will be interested particularly by you, and will take a very hard work to hack your Linux computer.

1.1. There is a good collection of fake apps and other resources with malware in Android devices, however, being careful and taking care of the per app permissions shouldn't be any trouble.

1.2. A good advice for both (Ubuntu and Android) is don't try to download miraculous applications from unknown sources or click on fraud ads.
The best hardware solution if you're worried is a good piece of paper or a bit of insulating tape. However I worked with Linux 8 years and never had a malware (except self-developed for fun).
The most of the websites with linux virus alarms are websites authored or contributed by windows users which had white hair of the many scares of main antivirus companies. ;-)


How do I change the hold delay to move a Unity launcher icon?

You will need to rebuild the unity source after finding where and how the duration from 'open' to 'grab' is set. This may prove simple or complex.

As a starter will point you to one possible area to check /launcher/Launcher.cpp, line #76 (or thereabouts, looking in current 14.04 unity source, times are in ms):

const int START_DRAGICON_DURATION = 250;

As far as rebuilding, installing unity source - strongly advise doing as Debian packages the same way as Ubuntu does. Possibly another question as how to do that properly.


You'll have to use a -C:

sudo tar -xf Ant-Dracula.tar -C /usr/share/themes/

man tar says

   -C, --directory=DIR
          Change to DIR before performing any operations.  This  option  is  order-sensitive,
          i.e. it affects all options that follow.


how do I reinstall a .deb package without the file in 12.04

Rosegarden is in the 12.04 repository.  Open Software center, type 'rosegarden' into the search box, then install it (or re-install).

Press super then type 'software center' in the search bar, then click on the icon to open software center.


How does unity draw the fallback panel window buttons?

It is possible to change the colour of the minimise and unmaximise buttons as they both follow the panel text gtk colour. The close button always remains orange/red.

It is also possible to get the panel to draw ANY buttons you want but to do this the Metacity theme and gtkrc being used must be called Ambiance and follow it's button naming schema.

Any metacity theme in the home/(username)/.themes may be used as long as the gtkrc being used is still called Ambiance. This means the panel will draw the buttons from the folder usr/share/themes/Ambiance/metacity-1 as long as whatever theme being used is called Ambiance (does not matter if the gtkrc resides in all users or personal theme folder)

The downsides to all of this are that:

a) Only one theme may be set up to properly draw the panel buttons at a time.

b) It must be called Ambiance which can be confusing and means that any decision to try a new theme that draws the panel buttons requires overwriting the Ambiance metacity in usr/share/themes.

It would be a lot better if Unity had the ability to probe any theme under usr/share/themes for an appropriate Metacity and only go back to the fall back buttons if it didn't find one.


Run the following command:

sudo chown -R $USER: ~/.Skype

The command will give back ownership on all of Skype's config files to your own user, as you've probably ran Skype with sudo once. Which, after that, root took ownership of some of the files in its config and history files.

If you don't need your Skype logs, you can also remove the ~/.Skype directory (renaming would be safer).

mv ~/.Skype ~/.Skype.bak


Your routing table doesn't seem to list anything for eth0, and there shouldn't be an interface named eth1` unless that was just a typo, so it is difficult to make an educated guess based on your current configuration.

Basically this is handled by your routes. Your 'default route' will route all traffic that isn't specifically configured by a static route. You want to configure your default route to go out eth1, and static routes for eth0. You can do all of this in NetworkManager or using the flat config files (or by hand if you want to test it). Your default route is identified by the line with the 'Destination' of '0.0.0.0'.

In networkmanager edit the eth0 connection, click on 'IPv4 Settings' then click the 'Routes' button, then check the box for "Use this connection only for resources on it's network". This should be all you have to do, then bring down and then back up both interfaces. If eth1 is configured for dhcp, it should set the default route for that connection and eth0 will only configure routes for the network it is connected to.

Hope this helps.


How to fix "ssh-agent refused operation" on Ubuntu 17.10?

The agent works, it just does not cooperate because it thinks you are doing something unsafe.

The most common case is due to wrong permissions of your ssh key files. For example, if you copied them from another computer; ensure the ~/.ssh folder has 700 permissions (only accessible by you), and likewise, the files in there should not be readable by others.

chmod 700 ~/.ssh
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/*


Can I setup ubuntu to use more ram, currently having 12GB of ram?

It depends on your filesystem and how it implements caching. Comparing with Windows is not all that useful, because Windows is all NTFS, whereas in Linux you might choose to use one of the ext systems (ext2, ext3, or ext4), or xfs, btrfs, zfs, or any of the others.

The newer versions of Ubuntu are allowing experimental installation of the system using zfs, and the cahing system of zfs (the ARC or Adaptive Replacement Cache) is fantastic, and will soon get better with persistence between boot-ups.

A word of warning, though, as of now (Ubuntu 19.10 and daily images of Ubuntu 20.04 LTS), zfs on boot drive is considered strictly an experimental feature, with no guarantees or support.


Can't install ubuntu in lenovo ideapad u430

To answer my own question. Just hit the brightness button on the laptop till it shows an image.


Triple Boot Windows , Windows 8 and Ubuntu 11.10 with Grub?

Win8 will likely override GRUB so it won't be possible to boot into Ubuntu. Keep Ubuntu LiveCD handy :) The process will include booting from the LiveCD after installing Windows and then using one of the methods of restoring GRUB described here

After you make your Ubuntu bootable again, you run update-grub to regenerate the config - after this the new Windows install should appear in the boot menu. If it doesn't then you'll need to edit the config manually following the instructions at the link above.


ecryptfs and login passphrase vs mount passphrase

These are not my words but I can not explain it better …

  login passphrase

  This is the password you will have to enter each time you want to mount the encrypted directory. If you want auto-mounting on login to
  work, it has to be the same password you use to login to your user
  account.

  mount passphrase

  This is used to derive the actual file encryption master key. Thus, you should not enter a custom one unless you know what you are
  doing - instead press Enter to let it auto-generate a secure random
  one. It will be encrypted using the login passphrase and stored in
  this encrypted form in ~/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase. Later it will
  automatically be decrypted ("unwrapped") again in RAM when needed, so
  you never have to enter it manually. Make sure this file does not get
  lost, otherwise you can never access your encrypted folder again! You
  may want to run ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase to see the mount passphrase
  in unencrypted form, write it down on a piece of paper, and keep it in
  a safe (or similar), so you can use it to recover your encrypted data
  in case the wrapped-passphrase file is accidentally lost/corrupted or
  in case you forget the login passphrase.

Source


Remove the / after multiverse in the bionic-updates line.

You can see the erroneous double slash in your error message.

multiverse**//**binary-amd64/Packages

then try sudo apt update again.


How do I follow these "makefile" instructions?

1.Go to the mmed-release-0.1/src/.

That means in a shell you should change directory (cd mmed-release-01/src/) to the mentioned directory. That might be in a folder created, when you unpacked the archive that contained Matlab.

  2.Modify the makefile to set appropriate PATHs for Vlfeat, Cplex, GSL Cblas.

In a file called "Makefile" in the directory mmed-release-0.1/src/ there should be variables that contain the location of the libraries "Vlfeat", "Cples", and "GSL Cblas". Since Matlab doesn't know how your system is configured you might have to set those library paths yourself. However you can install them with the Ubuntu package manager and then the linker should normally know where they are.

  3.To compile, type: make

In a shell (e.g. gnome-terminal) cd into the directory where the Makefile is located and execute make by typing "make" and pressing enter.

  Compiled mex files are put in ./bin/

The result of make can then be found in the subdirectory called bin of the directory where the Makefile is located.

  1.Compile LibSVM by going to the source directory and type: make

Change directory to the root of the "LibSVM" library and make it as in the above step 3.

  2.Open Matlab, change directory to: ./src/.

Really self explanatory.

  3.Change the paths to HMMall and LibSVM, and run: m_setup

That one I don't really get. Either you have to run the script m_setup in Shell or in Matlab. I assume, just like in the Makefile you have to change the respective paths in the file m_setup to the right location of the libraries "HMMall" and "LibSVM"


Why am I getting this error message in Thunderbird?

Live POP3 allows only one login every 15 minutes. It basically connects, fetches mail and disconnects once the operation is done.

On the other hand IMAP connections can be kept open for more time. It looks like a restriction imposed by Live's mail server

Choose your live account and goto Settings and change the time interval to set it to more than 15 minutes. I am running IMAP, so ignore everything else in this screenshot except the one circled in red


Is disabing Secure Boot needed for Ubuntu 14.04 dual-boot with Windows 8 UEFI

You've actually raised four distinct issues:

Secure Boot -- In theory, disabling Secure Boot should not be necessary to install Ubuntu 14.04 (or even a couple versions before that). Practice usually follows theory, but sometimes it doesn't -- some computers just don't seem to get along well with Shim (the program that Ubuntu uses to work with Secure Boot). A Secure Boot problem is almost certain to manifest itself as an inability to even begin to boot -- either the Ubuntu installer or the Ubuntu system once it's installed. If you see so much as a GRUB menu or an Ubuntu boot logo, the Secure Boot hurdle has been passed. (In Fedora, Secure Boot can have follow-on effects much later, but this is much rarer in Ubuntu.)
ESP-deletion bug -- Old versions of Ubuntu would blindly create a fresh FAT16 filesystem on the EFI System Partition (ESP), which is where EFI boot loaders are stored. This action would erase the Windows boot loader, along with any other files on the ESP (such as third-party boot managers, firmware update files, etc.). This bug was reported in 2011 and fixed prior to the release of Ubuntu 12.04, and so should not affect Ubuntu 12.04, 12.10, 13.04, 13.10, or 14.04. That said, backing up all your current partitions before installing Ubuntu (or any OS) is a worthwhile precaution.
The firmware's fast boot feature -- Modern EFIs usually have a feature called "fast boot" or something similar. When enabled, the firmware takes certain shortcuts in its startup process, which can include minimal (rather than full) initialization of USB devices. (The OS must do its own full initialization later, no matter what the firmware does.) The effect can be that the computer won't boot from a USB flash drive. This is obviously bad if you're trying to install Ubuntu from such a disk, so it will be necessary to disable this feature when installing Ubuntu. (If your system has an optical disc and you're trying to install from it, USB-initialization shortcuts should be irrelevant, though.) Note that the details vary from one computer to another; you might not need to disable a "fast startup" feature on all computers. Once Ubuntu is installed, it's usually possible to re-enable the feature and Ubuntu will continue to boot -- but you'll need to disable it again if you want to boot from an external medium (say, for emergency maintenance).
Fast Startup in Windows -- Windows 8 has a feature called Fast Startup (aka Hybrid Boot or Hybrid Shutdown). This feature turns an ordinary shutdown operation into a suspend-to-disk action. One consequence of this change is that filesystems, including the ESP, are not properly unmounted. If you then try to dual-boot, the result can be filesystem damage to shared filesystems and/or an inability to mount shared filesystems. Thus, it's imperative that this Windows feature be disabled, and left disabled. Many Internet sites, such as this one, provide instructions on how to disable this feature. Note also that the Windows Fast Startup feature is completely unrelated to the firmware feature that may bear a similar name.

I hope this clarifies matters.

EDIT:

Recent versions of Ubuntu (I don't recall precisely when this started, but 16.04 is affected) tightened Secure Boot controls, making these versions susceptible to the "follow-on effects" I noted earlier. Specifically, third-party kernel modules (drivers) may not load unless you jump through hoops to sign them, as described here. Drivers for ATI and Nvidia video cards and for VirtualBox are commonly cited as reasons to disable Secure Boot to work around these problems, but there are other unsigned drivers that affect some systems. Secure Boot does offer benefits, at least in theory, so if you're up to the technical challenge, I encourage leaving it active and signing any kernel modules you need. (Personally, I'm not a fan of proprietary video modules, but some people do need them to get adequate performance with some games and applications. If you don't need them, using the standard open source drivers is an adequate workaround.)


"Your graphics adapter is not supported by this driver. Installation will not proceed."

That reads to me like you downloaded the incorrect driver.  You may want to check what you downloaded.

Also, did you check the System Settings -> Software and Updates -> Additional Drivers tab to see if Ubuntu already has some drivers for you?


ssh: Could not resolve hostname server: Name or service not known

To connect to an ssh server in a terminal you need:

The call ssh to start the program
The user name, which in your case is root
An @ sign separating the user name from the server identification
The IP address or name of the server, which in your case is 10.0.2.15

Assembled, the command looks like:

ssh root@10.0.2.15

in general terms, ssh user@server.

Alternatively, you can use the -l option to directly specify the login name and skip the @ syntax:

ssh 10.0.2.15 -l root


You installed backport-iwlwifi which evidently was incompatible in some way with your Ubuntu version. It was suggested that you uninstall it:

cd backport-iwlwifi
sudo make uninstall

Uninstalling the backport package allows the original in-kernel modules to reclaim your device.


VirtualBox 5.0 installation has broken VirtualBox packages on Kubuntu 15.04

Remove older VirtualBox versions before installing VirtualBox-5.0 !

Uninstall VirtualBox -> sudo apt-get purge "^virtualbox-.*"

Carefully check what will be removed (before you confirm it).

Update the software repositories -> sudo apt-get update

Clean up -> sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get autoclean && sudo apt-get clean

Download and register the ORACLE public key ->

wget -q -O - https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc | sudo apt-key add -

Add the VirtualBox repo to the software sources ->

echo "deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian $(lsb_release -sc) contrib" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/oracle-vbox.list

Now update the software repositories again -> sudo apt-get update

Install VirtualBox -> sudo apt-get install dkms virtualbox-5.0

Note for other users who use a newer Ubuntu edition than 15.04 :

As of Ubuntu 16.04 the ORACLE public key to download has  changed.

oracle_vbox.asc has to be replaced with oracle_vbox_2016.asc


sudo apt-file list libopencv-imgcodecs-dev

maybe you need to install "apt-file" first:

sudo apt-get install apt-file
sudo apt update

apt-file may show you the correct path. In this case it should be:

  #include <opencv2/imgcodecs/imgcodecs.hpp>


I'm seeing the same error when I tried to install ubuntu 13.10 from DVD to dual boot windows 7 with UEFI in Bios.

I downloaded the 13.10 iso and then burn image to DVD. left DVD in drive and restarted PC.


The text from the command line that you have included does not show anything that looks like a Windows partition, so it is highly likely that you have installed Ubuntu Server to the entire disk, destroying your Windows system. While it is extremely unlikely that you could recover your Windows system, it may be possible for you to recover some important documents that it contained. You can follow these instructions for doing so, starting with shutting down the system immediately (sudo shutdown -P now) if you have not done so already.

You'll need a live CD/DVD or live USB flash drive for this, but you should not attempt to create it on the current Ubuntu system, because (1) the longer you run the Ubuntu Server system, even if you are not doing much with it, the greater the risk of irreversible data loss from the contents of the old Windows partition, and (2) if you were to download a large file (like the Ubuntu desktop CD .iso image) on the system, that would be very likely to overwrite data that had belonged to files that were stored on the Windows system, very possibly including the important documents you wish to recover.

If those instructions don't enable you to recover your lost files, then you'll have to decide whether or not it's worth it to hire a data recovery specialist, which could cost thousands of dollars. You should probably not hire someone who is not a specialist for this purpose if these methods are not successful, because only a specialist is likely to be able to recover data not recoverable by those methods.

As for getting Windows back, you will need to reinstall it to achieve this. If your computer came with Windows but did not come with installation media (like a CD, DVD, or USB flash drive) then it is usually possible to order a Windows installation CD/DVD from your computer's manufacturer at relatively low cost (certainly much less than it would cost to buy another copy of Windows providing a new and separate license).


Kickoff and Krunner to search with less than 3 chars in search field?

No, this settings can't be changed in default setup. Krunner and Kickoff are designed to display search suggestion after at least 3 letters in input.  So, you can't change them because there is not configuration option to do so.

See this Wikipedia Article about Krunner.
Also see this documentation in userbase.kde.org which says, krunner requires at least 3 letters to be typed to match for a partial search.

A bug report was filed against this behavior in https://bugs.kde.org, though it's status is still (7-9-2012) unconfirmed, the first response was

  As Plasma developers (somehow understandable) won‘t remove the 3 letters restricton, at least make it more obvious that it won‘t search bevore you‘ve entered at least 3 letters

So, it seems KDE developers are not willing to change this behavior. I think the only option is to change it yourself and then re-compile.

Note that, both Krunner and Kickoff was designed in this way


The logical sector size being smaller than the physical sector size is normal for most modern disks. This is simply how Advanced Format disks are most often implemented. Some external disks use the same (4096-byte) sector size for both physical and logical sectors, and I've heard that some high-end internal disks now do the same, but most disks these days are Advanced Format models with 512-byte logical sectors and 4096-byte physical sectors. There's nothing you can (or should try to) do about this.

That said, properly aligning partitions for Advanced Format disks is important. I ran some tests on Advanced Format disks to determine what happens when their partitions are misaligned and published the results here. In brief, the extent of the problem varies greatly from one filesystem to another and from one disk to another, but there's almost always a significant (and sometimes huge) performance penalty associated with misaligned partitions.

Your /dev/sda4, however, does not directly hold a filesystem; it's an extended partition, which means that it is simply a container for other partitions. The data directly associated with /dev/sda4 is simply two (logical) sectors, which are probably not even adjacent to one another, so they can't be properly aligned. Real performance penalties would come from alignment of the partitions contained within /dev/sda4. In your case, /dev/sda4 holds /dev/sda5 and /dev/sda6, both of which are properly aligned. Thus, you don't need to worry about /dev/sda5. The warning you're seeing is simply code that's being over-enthusiastic about reporting a "problem" when one doesn't exist.

Your /dev/sda1, on the other hand, is not properly aligned -- it begins on sector 63, which is not divisible by 8. Whether you should do anything about that depends on how much you use that partition, how you use it (file size, reads vs. writes, etc.), how important it is that you get optimum performance from it, whether you've got adequate backups, etc. I recommend you read the article I referenced earlier, then decide whether to fix the problem. (I didn't report FAT results in that article for space reasons, but FAT performance suffered pretty badly -- IIRC, not as badly as ReiserFS, but at least as badly as most other Linux-native filesystems.)

If you decide you want to fix /dev/sda1, you should begin by backing it up. With that done, one way to fix it is to delete it, create a new partition in its place, and restore its files. Another way (after backing up) is to resize the partition in GParted. Make a tiny change to the start point; any recent version of GParted should round to a multiple of 2048 sectors, and you'll be fine. Moving the start point of a partition is always riskier and takes longer than moving the end point. As the partition is only 19GiB in size, the operation shouldn't take a ridiculous amount of time, even moving the start point, but it won't be instantaneous.

As a side note and background, only fairly old tools misalign partitions on modern Advanced Format disks. My guess is you used such a tool (an old version of Linux's fdisk or a DOS FDISK, perhaps) to create /dev/sda1, then used a more modern tool (a more recent fdisk, parted, or GParted, perhaps) to create the rest of your partitions.


How Do I Install an Older Version of GraphicsMagick?

Here is the link: download GraphicsMagick
where you can find GraphicsMagick-1.3.18.tar.xz
After downloading go to download directory and decompress:

tar xf [filename]

This will expand the contents of the file to a folder. Then the commands are, from the folder:

./configure
make
sudo make install


How do I add a relationship between two charms to pass information between them?

How do I define a relationship?

So, in order to define a relationship between two charms you must first, as you have alluded to, define the relation in each charms metadata.yaml file. Since you've defined a server/client role I'm going to stick to that in my examples below with foo-server and foo-client charms. Since it's likely the server providing the majority of the data to the client their metadata.yaml files would look as such:

foo-server

name: foo-server
description: Something more than this
provides:
  server:
    interface: foo

foo-client

name: foo-client
description: Something more than this
requires:
  backend:
    interface: foo

Juju has two primary relation types. Provides and Requires. In this case the server charm is providing "foo" as an interface. The client charm requires the "foo" interface to operate. This provides/requires lets juju know which charms can talk to which other charms.

The interface is an arbitrary name, in this case foo, but could be anything. There's a large list of already defined interfaces, such as: mysql, http, mongodb, etc. If your service provides one of these existing interfaces you'd want to consider implementing it. If not feel free to create a new one.

How do I get/send data?

Once you've defined your metadata, you'll need to create a few new hooks the hook names are defined in the linked documentation, but since you're just sending the address information we'll keep with a simple bash example of the implementation of each hook.

So, we have two charms, foo-server and foo-client. foo-server provides a "server" relation with the foo interface. foo-client requires a "backend" relation with the foo interface. Relation hooks are named based on the relation-name (not the interface name). These could both be called server, but to illustrate that juju matches on interface and not relation, I've made the foo-client relation name "backend".

foo-server/hooks/server-relation-joined

#!/bin/bash

set -eux

relation-set hostname=`unit-get private-address`

This is a very basic example, where we're creating a relation key called hostname and setting the value, using unit-get command, to the private-address of the unit the charm is deployed to. This address will vary from provider to provider, but it will always be reachable within a juju environment. You can set multiple keys by adding a space between keys, for example:

relation-set hostname=`unit-get private-address` public-address=`unit-get public-address`

This will send two keys, hostname and public-address to whatever service it's connected to.

foo-client/hooks/backend-relation-changed

Notice the difference in file name, this is invoking the relation-changed hook instead of relation-joined. Presumably the server is just giving the details of where it lives, so the client charm needs to know where that address is. By putting this in the relation-changed hook every time data on the relation is updated the hook is called again.

#!/bin/bash

set -eux

server_address=`relation-get hostname`

if [ -z "$server_address" ]; then
  juju-log "No data sent yet"
  exit 0
fi

# If you've gotten this far, you have a $server_address, configure as you see fit

Now, there's a little more involved in this hook. Taking it line by line, the first three are just standard stuff. It's a bash charm and set -eux is there to make sure the hook behaves as it should. The next line uses relation-get which will read relation data from the connection. Now, everything in a juju environment is orchestrated asynchronously. So you're never 100% certain you'll have data when you call relation-get. This is where the if block helps resolve that. If there's nothing in "$server_address", ie we didn't get a return value, the hook will simple exit. However, it's exiting with a zero status so it won't crop up as an error in juju.

I know this seems counter intuitive, we technically have a problem because we don't have data. Yes, but, it's more along the lines of "We don't have data, yet". By exiting zero, once the corresponding service actually sets the value, it'll trigger the relation-changed hook again and we'll be able to read the value. This is considered an example of an idempotency guard which are crucial as you write hooks.


Using duplex scan of HP OfficeJet Pro 8710

Under xsane

tell it how many pages to scan
multipage (will open a "project")
source: Duplex (so that the pages get scanned on BOTH sides)

After done with scanning, save the "project" as pdf or have a look at the scans of the single pages in the project folder.


Is there a flavour of libreoffice that is better looking

Check if you have libreoffice-gtk package installed.
With this package, libreoffice is better integrated aesthetically in Ubuntu.


Running Ubuntu from a USB Flash drive on Acer

Late getting around to writing this one up.

Preamble

The problem appears to be an inconsistent partition table, often found on factory formatted USB thumb drives.  Something about the partition table makes it unsuitable to make a liveUSB.

The Problem

My research into this seems to suggest the problem stems from a partition table written in a DOS 6.x format, a known buggy implementation. Here's explanation from the Linux cfdisk manual page (cfdisk is a text based utility for manipulating disk partition tables):

  DOS 6.x WARNING

   The DOS 6.x FORMAT command looks for some information in the first sec‐
   tor of the data area of the partition, and treats this  information  as
   more  reliable than the information in the partition table.  DOS FORMAT
   expects DOS FDISK to clear the first 512 bytes of the data  area  of  a
   partition  whenever a size change occurs.  DOS FORMAT will look at this
   extra information even if the /U flag is given -- we  consider  this  a
   bug in DOS FORMAT and DOS FDISK.

Manifestations of this problem will often include some or all of the following symptoms:

Testdisk and similar programs will identify the partition table as being made by DOS 5.x
The boot disk creator in Ubuntu will often refuse to use the USB thumbdrive because it can't find a valid partition table the error message does not state this clearly however.
Disk utility and Gparted can not delete the partition table because they don't recognise that there is one.  Conversely they can't make a partion table either, because they also recognise that there is something there.
Running fdisk -l on the thumbdrive will often declare that it has no partition table, even though you know there is one and can write data to it if it is still mounting OK.
Attempts to use the drive and put an ext type partition table on it if successful can sometimes result in inconsistencies - the drive can fail to work on other machines, or suddenly fail to mount on the machine it was formatted on.  These appears to be 'dead' USB thumbdrives as the device is firmware is recognised but it fails to mount and the partition table can not be read at all.  I suspect a few fairly new thumbdrives have been thrown away, including one of mine before I figured out what the problem was.

Affected devices

Devices that I know from personal experience that have this problem:

Verbatim white 'Stor N Go' 4 and 8 GB devices
Many Kingston 4Gb devices
Woolworths "essentials" 4GB devices

Common factors with all of these devices is often that they claim Linux OS compatibility, and that they often include some Windows backup software for synchonising Windows data folders.

I don't know why USB thumbdrive manufacturers are supplying devices with what appears to be a partition table format that had problems when it was released.  Any later format would probably work without any problems whatsoever, even though it might not be perfect by todays standards.

The Solution

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=512 count=1

This little line of code simply writes zeros over the top of the partition table on the device /dev/sdX

You will need to change sdX to the correct device for your faulty USB pendrive.

Warning: Using the incorrect device name will completely delete the partition table from whatever device you point it at - hard drive, external backup drive, anything.  This will result in the deletion of any and all partitions that might be on the drive, and cause you a great deal of grief if you don't have all your important data backed up.  You Have Been Warned

Once the partition table has been erased you will have to use a program like gparted to create a new one, and to add 1 or more partitions so that the device can be used.  In my experience this fix is fast, simple, and permanent.  I usually do it on all new USB pendrive devices that I purchase.

It's also possible use Linux command line utilities such as fdisk and extfs to create a new partition table.  I shall add some details on this as time allows.

References

Wikipedia
cfdisk manpage


Can I install Ubuntu on an exFAT hard drive?

No, you can't install Ubuntu on an exFAT partition. Linux does not support the exFAT partition type yet. And even when Linux does support exFAT, you still won't be able to install Ubuntu on an exFAT partition, because exFAT does not support UNIX file permissions.

I would use Gparted to create, move and resize partitions, as it supports many more file systems than Windows' admin utility. Gparted can move and copy exFAT partitions, but it can't create, grow or shrink them.


The problem usually arises if your home directory is encrypted. The usual solution is to put your keys in a directory other than your home directory, and point your sshd_config file to it.

For example:

Move your authorized_keys file on the server from /home/buck/.ssh/authorized_keys to something like /etc/ssh/keys/buck/authorized_keys
set the permissions on this folder and the keys file: sudo chown -R buck:buck /etc/ssh/keys/buck/ and chmod 700 /etc/ssh/keys/buck/ and chmod 600 /etc/ssh/keys/buck/authorized_keys
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config and change the line AuthorizedKeysFile      %h/.ssh/authorized_keys to AuthorizedKeysFile      /etc/ssh/keys/%u/authorized_keys
sudo service ssh restart and you should be able to login without having to login to the server first.


Ubuntu 12.04 LTS suspension and hibernation do not work (possibly solved for the hibernation,0 size of swap partition)

To hibernate a linux system your swap area must be able to hold up all of your ram (or what's in it), check that in the first place. On windows it's similar but you need disk space. Although it may also be some hardware issue but it's really hard to tell with amount of data you have provided. Chceck your system logs for what might have gone wrong. (in ubuntu you'll find them in /var/log)


I'm running it on both of my PI 4s and my PI 3. I use I2C, Serial and over 20 different GPIO pins on one of my PI 4s. So to partly answer your question, yes you can do all of those things out of the box on arm64 Ubuntu.

Note: I use .Net Core 3.x to do all of my coding. No issues so far.


After several attempts to fix it .. i found that i can choose it from software&updates then choose X.org to login with normal way


Can I save the command output to a file other than text-files?

Not possible.
The reason is that your shell has settings configured (likely ~/.bashrc) to recognize different commands and outputs and color code accordingly.
Therefore there is no markup to save and no way to do what you would like. What you can do is use a text editor that contains the same type of rules for color coding, recommend emacs.

apt-get install emacs

In terms of saving to another format, you could get infinitely creative here using pipes and redirection, but I do not think this is what you are looking for.


Server - Run a program allowing it to write only on a specific directory

The standard permission system in Linux does not support well the use case that you are describing (for example "deny access to the entire hard-disk"). A better approach would be to try using chroot or docker, to make sure that the program runs in an environment that is isolated from the main system.


GRUB doesn't see Windows 7 after installing Ubuntu 12.04

Boot from Ubuntu LiveCD, do a sudo os-prober in terminal to see if all operating systems are listed.

1> If yes, then you are safe. the boot-repair should work:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

2> If it doesn't detect Windows7, then there is a conflict in UEFI/EFI/Legacy bootloader. Probably Ubuntu is installed in UEFI BIOS, while previous Operating Systems are installed in LEGACY bios, which means you'll have to reinstall Windows 7 again.

Enjoy :)


Successfully installed 11.04 64bit on two amd 32bit laptops--How is that possible? & Differences between i386 and amd64?

Short answer: Your laptops have 64bit CPUs.
When we talk about 64bit, we're talking about x86-64. This is an extension to i686 developed by AMD. They since went on to rename it to amd64 and since then a billion more names (including: x64, IA-32e and Intel 64) have come into being... But they all mean the same thing. (Sidebar: IA-64 is completely different and has very little to do with x86)
To repeat: x86-64 is an extension. It has all the CPU registers that an i686 CPU has, but with extra ones. An i686 CPU has all those of an i586 CPU, with extras. The same repeats down to i386. The purpose of this "super-setting" of registers/instructions is to keep things completely backwards compatible.
To translate this out of Geekish, 64bit CPUs can run everything a 32bit CPU can. I suspect this is what has happened to you and this is where the confusion has arisen. I suspect you had 32bit operating systems installed on the laptops before. A 64bit CPU is more than capable of doing this.
But 32bit CPUs cannot run 64bit code. They have neither the vocabulary or the capacity to run 64bit-compiled commands.
So in order for your laptops to run x86-64-compiled software, they need to be x86-64 CPUs. It just wouldn't work otherwise.
If you disagree, edit your question to include the make and model of the laptops, and I'll confirm the hardware specs...
And i386 stands for "Intel 80386", as you guessed.


Whether it should be defragmented depends on how often did you read/write from it.

Not a good idea to defragment NTFS from ubuntu though: not a native file system. So it is a good idea to reformat to, for example, ext4 file-system.

I can reference you to this answer: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1335537#p1335537

But there aftereffects.


How to select files/folders based on input name prefix match in nautilus instead of start searching?

You should be able to activate type-ahead-find with the following gsettings modification:

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences enable-interactive-search true

Source: http://www.webupd8.org/2014/01/nautilus-type-ahead-find-feature.html


How do I get my system to recognize an external drive and automount it?

You can always set it up in the /etc/fstab file, and add on the nofail option so that if it is not attached during boot it won't fail and hang there.

Here's an example of my 3TB external drive:

UUID=6AAA4323AA42EB61 /media/Seagate ntfs defaults,nofail 0 0

When the system boots if the drive is offline, there are no errors at all.  When I power it on or plug it in, it will still automatically mount in that exact same location.

Hope this helps!


Accidental changing of permissions to run sudo, leading to its inability to function

The following procedure can also be performed from booting to Recovery Mode choosing Root.  Then after booting into root, type in the following to mount the drive in Read / Write so changes can be made:

mount -o remount,rw /

I would recommend following the first answer on this site to boot to a Live CD so that you can mount your hard drive and repair your file(s).  Stop after hitting step #5 so that your hard drive is mounted as a root user.

How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?)

after the drive is mounted as a root user, you should be able to type in from the terminal window:

chmod 4755 /usr/bin/sudo

to set the "suid" back for the sudo file.

The following list is all the files in /usr that should have the "suid" set:  (I will leave them as a list that you can copy and paste as need be)

chmod 4755 /usr/bin/pkexec
chmod 4755 /usr/bin/sudo
chmod 4755 /usr/bin/mtr
chmod 4755 /usr/bin/traceroute6.iputils
chmod 4755 /usr/bin/gpasswd
chmod 4755 /usr/bin/lppasswd
chmod 4755 /usr/bin/passwd
chmod 4755 /usr/bin/newgrp
chmod 4755 /usr/bin/chsh
chmod 4755 /usr/bin/chfn

EDIT 2:

The following files have permissions of rwxr-sr-x and can be reset by copy and pasting the following into a terminal after getting the host back up: (some might be different then your system)

sudo chmod 2755 /usr/bin/mail-unlock
sudo chmod 2755 /usr/bin/dotlockfile
sudo chmod 2755 /usr/bin/ssh-agent
sudo chmod 2755 /usr/bin/wall
sudo chmod 2755 /usr/bin/dotlock.mailutils
sudo chmod 2755 /usr/bin/chage
sudo chmod 2755 /usr/bin/bsd-write
sudo chmod 2755 /usr/bin/crontab
sudo chmod 2755 /usr/bin/expiry
sudo chmod 2755 /usr/bin/mlocate
sudo chmod 2755 /usr/bin/mail-touchlock
sudo chmod 2755 /usr/bin/mail-lock

Since all you ran was chmod 777 -R /usr/bin and there are no sub directories in that directory, all the files except for the links and the obvious ones above in the list with the "suid" permission set on them, the rest of the files in that directory have permission settings of -rwxr-xr-x (or 755).  You could reset those permissions to those files without touching the "suid" files or the links by typing in:

sudo chmod go-w /usr/bin/*

that will set the group and other permissions to r-x and leave the links alone as lrwxrwxrwx.  DO NOT RUN AS chmod 755 as that will mess up the permissions we have fixed!

EDIT: changed to the "suid" as was pointed out to me.


Super-D will minimize/restore all windows.

http://www.ubuntugeek.com/list-of-ubuntu-unity-keyboard-shortcuts.html


Ubuntu 16.04 can't connect with internet after change additional drivers

You have some issues with DHCP - it does not set proper DNS address. As a workaround, go to System Settings - > Network Settings -> Options and on IPv4 tab set your DNS address to 8.8.8.8 or whatever DNS server you want to use.
Manual edits to /etc/resolv.conf are not persistant - they last untill update only.


Error during installation gem 5 in full system mode

Please set your M5_PATH environment variable using the following command:

echo "export M5_PATH=/path/to/full_system_for_gem5/" >> ~/.bashrc


Run the command below:

sudo apt-get install build-essential

The most recent version of g++ for Trusty is 4.8.2

Ubuntu Package Search

Installing with the command below:

sudo apt-get install g++


Are drivers needed after an ubuntu install

Whether you need to install drivers or not, depends on the specific hardware components used in the machine. This is the same both on Ubuntu and Windows.

However, Ubuntu uses the concept of Generic Drivers, drivers which are made to fit a large range of hardware components. E.g. the open-source nVidia driver installed by default, noveau, supports most of nVidia's graphics cards. However, you may experience a lack of support for certain features of some devices, like the nVidia Optimus technology. If you want to use this, you have to install a specific driver, as an example nvidia-prime, a nVidia-proprietary driver for Optimus support on Linux.

I've also seen Windows use this concept, but never to the extent Ubuntu does. As far as my experience goes, the drivers preinstalled on Ubuntu cover up most of the not too new devices out there, save for a few exceptions.

As an example, I once had a Toshiba laptop which I wiped and reinstalled Windows 7. The graphics worked, but only 4:3 on a 16:9 screen. But there it stopped - nearly no device in this laptop had its driver preinstalled in Windows 7, not even a Ethernet driver, so I couldn't download them.
When I installed Ubuntu, everything worked out of the box. However, the ethernet was a bit slow, so I installed a specific driver from the manufacturer of the Ethernet card and had better surf speed after.

To see, whether you will actually have to install additional drivers, you can boot Ubuntu directly from a DVD or USB stick. The system will run, as if it was installed on the computer (except it will be a bit slower when run from USB or DVD). You can play with everything and see what works and what doesn't. If something doesn't work (well) you can be almost sure that somewhere out there either some company or some free devs created a working driver for the device.

Known proprietary drivers can be installed using the Software & Updates utility, in the tab Additional Drivers. Many open source drivers can be installed from the official repositories. And if you don't find them there, you may stumble over a PPA, DEB/DKMS package, to install or even source code to compile the driver directly on your machine.

To actually find out the name of devices you need or want a driver for (if you didn't find it in Additional Drivers), use the commands sudo lshw and lspci.

lshw creates a detailed report, including name and vendor, if detected, on basically any hardware in the computer. If you install the package lshw-gtk, all this information will become much more readable in a GUI. If there is no driver at all installed for the device you're searching for, you'll most likely find the tag UNCLAIMED. So this is a good place to start.

lspci lists all devices connected to a PCI bus. This includes Network Controllers, Graphics Cards, Audio and Video devices (Screen, Speaker), USB Controllers, and so on... Most of them are listed with a name, however mostly a generic one.


How do I create a pem file from id_rsa.pub?

You don't need to create anything, the contents of id_rsa.pub are what you should provide when asked for a public key.

As it says:

  Amazon EC2 accepts the following formats:

  OpenSSH public key format (the format in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys)
  Base64 encoded DER format
  SSH public key file format as specified in RFC4716

id_rsa.pub is already in a format suitable for authorized_keys.


(20)Not a directory: AH02291: Cannot access directory '/var/log/apache2/'

Check if /var/log/apache2 directory exists and Apache has read-write access to it.


Uninstalling Ubuntu from Windows Dual Boot if I don't have Windows recovery CD

First, create  a recovery drive using these steps:

To create a USB recovery drive

Swipe in from the right edge of the screen, and then tap Search. (If
you're using a mouse, point to the lower-right corner of the screen,
move the mouse pointer up, and then click Search.)
Enter recovery drive in the search box, and then tap or click Create
a recovery drive.  Administrator permission required You might be
asked for an admin password or to confirm your choice.
After the recovery drive tool opens, make sure the Copy the recovery
partition from the PC to the recovery drive check box is selected,
and then tap or click Next.

Note: The checkbox is greyed out when your PC doesn’t have a recovery partition. The recovery drive will include only the recovery
tools and a bootable image, but not a recovery image to use for
refreshing or resetting your PC.

Insert a USB flash drive into your PC that is at least as large as
the size indicated on the screen.
Tap or click the USB drive you would like to use for your recovery
drive, then tap or click Next.
Tap or click Create.

Source

Backup!
Create a system image:

How to Create a System Image
In order to create a Windows 8 system image, the step-by-step
instructions given below should be followed:

Log on to a Windows 8 computer with the administrator account.
Click the Desktop tile from the Start screen to go to the desktop.
Once on the desktop screen, hover the mouse to the bottom right
corner.
From the displayed options, click Settings.
From the Settings pane, click Control Panel.
On the Control Panel window, click System and Security category.
On the System and Security window, click File History from the right
pane.
From the left pane of the File History window, click Windows File
Recovery option at the bottom.
On the Windows File Recovery window, click Create a system image
from the left pane.
On the Create a system image window, click to select On a hard disk
radio button.
Once selected, click Next.
On the Confirm your backup settings page, click Start backup to
initiate the backup process.
Wait until the Windows 8 system image is created.
On the displayed Create a system repair disc box, click No to skip
the system repair disc creation process.
Back on the Create a system image box, click Close.
Once done, close the Windows File Recovery window.

Source

Next,
Boot your computer from the USB drive you just created.You should see this:

Click on "Repair your computer". You should see this:

Click on the "Troubleshoot" box. You should see this:

Click on the "Command Prompt" box.
Once you have the CMD prompt
Simply enter the commands:
bootrec.exe /fixmbr
bootrec.exe /fixboot

And then reboot the computer. It should automatically boot to Windows.
Finally,
Back in Windows, use Disk Management to erase the Ubuntu partition.

Images used are credit of the HowToGeek


Ubuntu Server booting with NGINX running and not Apache2

The nginx package is just a metapackage, and points to the nginx flavors.  Because apt-get, apt, and dpkg are not as smart as users assume it will be, removing the nginx package does not remove the actual nginx binaries and common files.

Run the following to remove all flavors of NGINX from the system.  This will catch at least one installed one, and the common files that are common across the entire set:

sudo apt-get remove nginx nginx-common nginx-full nginx-extras nginx-core nginx-naxsi nginx-light nginx-doc

After this, you can then run Apache automatically.

NOTE: Ubuntu Server does not come with nginx automatically installed - when you install a web server on Ubuntu Server via tasksel or as a LAMP install, you get Apache, and not nginx.  You will not be able to run nginx if you are running apache2, unless you change the nginx configurations to move the nginx default to a separate port.


Uninstalling Ubuntu or unhiding partition

You can't  unhide the ubuntu partition as it doesn't have a NTFS ,FAT/FAT32 Format

To uninstall Ubuntu
Boot with live ubuntu Cd and use this tool
os uninstaller


How to compile PythonMagick against custom lib path

... and the solution is

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/imagemagick-6.8/lib/pkgconfig ./configure


How can i set different wallpapers for Ubuntu 15.04 login and Desktop

I'm going to go ahead and post what worked for me. I found multiple threads trying to tell me how to change this, but this method is the only one that worked for me on Ubuntu 15.04. Some of the steps might not be entirely necessary, these are just the steps I ended up taking.

Get the picture you want to put as the login screen background. Place it in /usr/share/backgrounds/ and make sure the owner is Root:Root and the permissions match the other pictures in the folder (-rw-r--r-- or 644).
Navigate to /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/ and open the file com.canonical.unity-greeter.gschema.xml in gedit.
Find the key name background and change the default to the path of your picture in "/usr/share/backgrounds/. For the key names draw-user-backgrounds and draw-grid, change the default value to false.
Save your changes, then run the command

sudo glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/
Restart the computer and your new login background should be there. Well, it was for me at least.

Hope this helps someone. No need to install anything, open dconf-editor, deal with the LightDM user or anything terribly complicated.

Source: Changing the Wallpaper


Audacious uses volume control when I've configured the media hotkeys

Took me a while to think it through but the issue is the multimedia hotkeys plugin. Simply remove the volume up/down and mute entries from the plugin, and normal system volume regains focus of the multimedia keys while still allowing play/pause next previous functionality.

File -> Preferences (or if in winamp view, right click and select preferences)

Click on Plugins

Select the "General" tab.

CLick on "GLobal Hotkeys" plugin and click Preferences

Click the red circle with a line through it beside each of volume up, volume down and mute.

For completeness, I also removed the individual entries for play and stop, keeping only the combined pause/resume option, as it worked better on my laptop that way.


Show static user-set message in the notification bar on the Ubuntu panel (xfce)

What you're looking for is the xfce4-genmon-plugin, which displays any string or image with dropdowns if necessary.

First install it with

sudo apt-get install xfce4-genmon-plugin

Add the applet to the panel, and from the panel configuration dialog, enter the command in the Command field of the Properties section of the plugin. The output of this command will be displayed on the panel


Create new terminal window but don't switch focus

Using This web page and my own research mainly based on the second solution provided on this page the key that you want to change is org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences focus-new-windows which quoting from the gsettings description of that key:

  This option provides additional control over how newly created windows get focus. It has two possible values; “smart” applies the user’s normal focus mode, and “strict” results in windows started from a terminal not being given focus.

As indicated in the description the default or normal window behaviour is "smart" but the setting to achieve what you want should be the "strict" setting. This change can be achieved by running the command gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences focus-new-windows 'strict'


Gnome Tweak Tool

This is a common issue on the forums - the move to gnome3 has dumped many of the customisation features that were available in gnome2.

One GUI tool that exists in Software Center is gnome-tweak-tool - its a partial solution to allow you to customise some aspects of fonts.

The "Text scaling factor" is the option you are interested in - its unfortunate that it is a sliding bar so you will not be able to enter the actual DPI value.  Click on the sliding bar and use the left/right arrow keys to decrease/increase the font size.

dconf-editor

Using dconf-editor which is available in the dconf-tools package allows you to set the "Text Scaling Factor" numerically i.e. changing the default value by fractions of numbers (1.2, 0.9 etc) changes the overall screen font size:

Universal Access

If you just want to adjust the text size universally without need detail you can do this from the universal access tool:


cubic: add custom favourites to gnome3 left panel; .desktop launchers untrusted on ~/Desktop

gio set path/to/launcher.desktop metadata::trusted yes

gio will return "metadata::trusted - entry does not exist." if superuser or another user is executing the command.

Also make sure user have the ownership of ~/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/

Following command will revert the permission if you have executed gio with root.

sudo chown -R username ~/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/


If it's consistency and not specifically gksu-like behaviour you're after, you could go about it the other way round by using gksu-polkit instead of gksu.


How can I set a keyboard shortcut to toggle on/off e.g. the trackpad?

You can place a small script that checks the current state under a shortcut key, and make it subsequently switch to the other state.

This works in a lot of situations, eg toggling the trackpad, toggling visibility of (many) indicator icons etc. (see EDIT, down in the post)

The script below does that:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess

key = "org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.touchpad touchpad-enabled"

cmd1 = "/bin/bash", "-c", "gsettings get "+key
new_state = "false" if subprocess.check_output(cmd1).decode("utf-8").strip()  == "true" else "true"
cmd2 = "gsettings set "+key+" "+new_state
subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd2])

How to use

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as toggle_touchpad.py
Test-run it by running (in a terminal) the command:

python3 /path/to/toggle_touchpad.py

If all works fine, add it to a shortcut key combination: choose: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts". Click the "+" and add the command:

python3 /path/to/toggle_touchpad.py

Now the shortcut key should toggle the touchpad on/off

Explanation

The touchpad is enabled / disabled by the key:

org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.touchpad touchpad-enabled

To get the current state:

gsettings get org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.touchpad touchpad-enabled

To set to enabled

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.touchpad touchpad-enabled true

To set to disabled:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.touchpad touchpad-enabled false

Notes

1. Using absolute paths in Custom keyboard shortcuts

Like in .desktop files, relative paths like ~ cannot be used in custom keyboard shortcuts. Also, just like in terminal commands, spaces need to be escaped:

Instead of:

python3 ~/Keyboard\ shortcuts/toggle_touchpad.py

use:

python3 /home/yourname/"Keyboard shortcuts"/toggle_touchpad.py

2. Using the command(s) in 15.04

Due to a bug (it seems) the command:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.touchpad touchpad-enabled true

works fine, however the command:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.touchpad touchpad-enabled false

needs to run twice (!!) to disable  the touchpad...

3. Bash version of the script

For those who prefer a bash version for some reason:

#!/bin/bash

key="org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.touchpad touchpad-enabled"
current=$(gsettings get $key)

if [ "$current" == "true" ]; then
  gsettings set $key false
else
  gsettings set $key true
fi

Save it as toggle_touchpad.sh, run it with the command

/bin/bash /path/to/toggle_touchpad.sh

EDIT

The script(s) above can be used to toggle any setting, done by a gsettings command, of the type boolean (false/true). Simply change the line:

key = "org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.touchpad touchpad-enabled"

By the corresponding key.

An example:

If I change the line to:

key = "com.canonical.indicator.sound visible"

It toggles visibility of the sound indicator icon.


Is there any email client that would allow different sender address for each email?

Using Identities in Thunderbird

Thunderbird offers the option to configure Identities for a single account.

Therefor:

Open Account Settings
Choose your account (click address in sidebar)
Click the Manage Identities button
Configure your identities in the new window

Those identities can later be selected from a dropdown while writing a mail.


There might be many reasons for this like hardware issues, firmware issues. If your problem is related to Kernel . Then we (Dumb Minds ) figured the solution for it.

For Linux like systems with kernel 5.x or above are facing this issue. The misconfigured source code in the Kernel is the reason for this. To get rid of this you need to patch(suspend patch) the kernel with the one that is working fine. So patch the suspend part of kernel with 5.0.18 .

We do check this on many systems with all major kernel versions. All the process and files are provided in the link below. Please follow that link for perfect answer , till now we didn’t get any major errors even if you get please let us know at. Facebook Youtube.

Video : link


Ubuntu 18.04 Server installation crashes when choosing partition

Even though the date shown in your screen capture would not support this, you might require the accepted solution in Ubuntu 18.04 Installer crashes on Dell XPS 15 9560 (related: Installer crashed when trying to install Ubuntu 18.04).
I wouldn't think you are experiencing Ubiquity install wizard crashes; cannot install ubuntu-MATE 18.04.4.
Related:

Why "maybe-ubiquity" on default kernel command line?
https://serverfault.com/questions/196625/can-ubuntu-server-be-installed-on-the-same-machine-running-ubuntu-desktop-if-ye


Configure vsftpd for secure file transfer

This is my setting that works for me.
listen=YES
listen_ipv6=NO
anonymous_enable=NO
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
local_umask=002
dirmessage_enable=YES
use_localtime=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
idle_session_timeout=600
data_connection_timeout=120
ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service.
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
pam_service_name=vsftpd
ssl_enable=NO
utf8_filesystem=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES


it's a long tricky process..you have to shift the sda3 partition to the end (it takes a while and DO NOT STOP the process if you're getting bored ^_^)
after that you can resize your sda6 partition


Hide symlink and permission status in nautilus thumbnail view

Just modify the icons (found via strace)

gimp /usr/share/icons/Yaru/{8x8,16x16,24x24,48x48,256x256}/emblems/emblem-readonly.png
inkscape /usr/share/icons/Humanity/emblems/48/emblem-symbolic-link.svg


I am just guessing, but you can try:

make sure you check in LightDM startup screen Default Xsession
there are two important config files: (1) .xinitrc and (2) .xsession
to make sure everything is executed as expected, I have .xinitrc like this (just includes my .xsession) file:

#!/bin/bash
# in some cases (?) the .xsession file was not processed
# and so those commands needed to be manually executed here
xrdb -merge ${HOME}/.Xresources
. ${HOME}/.xsession

everything important is in .xsession, there is bit more code over the years, but regarding the i3, the relevant parts contain:

nm-applet &
blueman-applet &
pasystray &
udiskie --smart-tray --file-manager="my-x-file-browser.sh" &
clipit &
shutter &
dropbox start -i &
exec i3 2>> ~/.xsession-errors

So as you can see, I start some applets and make sure the stderr of i3 is redirected to a file, just to be sure I do not miss any error.

My advice:

LightDM has Default Xsession selected.
Make sure your .xinitrc gets executed (you may try the same setup as mine ie. use both .xsession as well as .xinitrc)
Redirect output to some log file (2>> ~/.xsession-errors can get quite big over time, so make sure to logrotate it or otherwise discard it)


Chown and chmod in ubuntu with different applications using common files

At first, add your user into nginx group:

sudo usermod -G nginx ive

And then add this line after your touch(); function:

chmod("/var/log/yourlog.log", 664);


How to remove package in bad state, software center freezes, no synaptic

Try this, I hope it works:

Make a backup of /var/lib/dpkg/status:

sudo cp /var/lib/dpkg/status /var/lib/dpkg/status.bkup

Open /var/lib/dpkg/status:

sudo nano /var/lib/dpkg/status

Search through the file for any reference to that package name (i.e. linux-headers-3.0.0-19) and CAREFULLY delete that entry. Don't delete anything else. Save the file and quit.
Do sudo apt-get update.

This should probably solve the problem.


Can I update the kernel of my 10.04 LTS to the latest kernel?

You don't have to add the PPA. Just install the linux-image-generic-lts-backport-oneiric package from the lucid-updates suite:

sudo apt-get install linux-image-generic-lts-backport-oneiric

If you're using out-of-tree modules like Virtual Box or proprietary drivers, you'll likely need the headers as well:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic-lts-backport-oneiric

Other package names can be found on http://packages.ubuntu.com/source/lucid-updates/linux-meta-lts-backport-oneiric


There is something called terminal bell in gnome-terminal. But it doesn't notify if commands are finished or waiting for user input.


Does GRUB show you the recovery mode? If yes, select it, and then root console. Now type mount -o rw,remount /, then passwd <ReplaceByUsername>. Now enter the new password twice and reboot.

If you don't see GRUB, hit Esc or Shift (depends on your system), or Ctrl+Alt+Del during boot.

If even this doesn't work, boot a Ubuntu Live System and do the following things:

Enter sudo fdisk -l and search the partition with "Linux" system
Mount this partition: sudo mkdir /media/sdXX && sudo mount /dev/sdXX /media/sdXX (Replace the Xes by the values in the partition file name)
Now login as root user on your installed system: sudo chroot /media/sdXX
Type passwd <ReplaceByUsername>
Reboot your installed system and you should be fine.


Byobu doesn't show the colourful status line

In you case, you have explicitly disabled your status line, as you can tell by the flag file status.disable.  You can either remove this file or run byobu-quiet --undo.

It looks like you figured this out and answered your own question in the comment.  As to your new question in your comment, we have disabled a few of the infrequently used and hard to maintain menu options, which includes the background/foreground color setting.

To set the foreground/background colors, you have two options now:

Press ctrl-shift-F5 to set it to a random 256-color combination
Or manually edit $HOME/.byobu/color.tmux

Full disclosure: I'm the author and maintainer of Byobu.


Is there a app that will work with Ubuntu and itunes?

There is no native Ubuntu application that provides access to the iTunes Store. But you can install iTunes with Wine.

Sorry to be the harbinger of bad news.


httptest http://tools.maxcdn.com/http Nginx does not answer

Looks like your index.php request timeout, so you can't test with maxcdn tool,  but you can test with a "not found" page, such as www.altinfiyatlariyukselecekmi.com/index.html, but I like you need fix the issue of your website, maybe a database connect timeout or nginx upstream timeout?


~/.bashrc is only sourced for non-login shells, so it's not sourced when you log in using ssh.

Use .bash_profile instead.

Related:
http://www.joshstaiger.org/archives/2005/07/bash_profile_vs.html


The Live USB you create by following the Ubuntu Installation Instructions is fully functional and will retain changes. However it will be too slow for practical purposes.

Note that if you put Ubuntu on your HD, then there is no need for the kids to have a separate machine or disc. As long as you don't make them Administrators, there is nothing they can mess up apart from their own home directories.


Just read through all the posts, and maybe google "is using terminal to update better than software updater on linux?". I would go with whatever one has more posts about


How to identify and remove unused apt keys?

Removing unused keys is pretty simple, but just like when adding keys, you are the one in charge of doing your homework and deciding which keys are no longer in use and can be removed.

Start by listing the apt keys you currently have with sudo apt-key list.

Once you identify a key that you no longer need, you can simply remove it with sudo apt-key del KEYID.

With the list command you will usually be able to see for what each key is, specially if it is from a ppa, since it will usually have a uid that includes something like "Launchpad PPA for John". So, if you removed that ppa from the sources and are no longer using it, you can safely remove them.

Sometimes you might need a quick google to know where a speciifc key comes from, for example, the mono key has the uid "Xamarin Public Jenkins", which if you google xamarin you can see where that key came from. Also, you can always go back to your bash history and find the a key that you added if you are unsure.

man apt-key is there for more info and other commands.


Why is transferring videos to my Google Nexus 7 so slow?

Have you tried connecting the Nexus 7 to your Ubuntu machine using the USB cable instead? It will be much more reliable.

It works (for me) using Go-mtpfs with a direct usb connection.

To install, run the following commands in the terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/unstable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install go-mtpfs

You can also install the Unity launcher for it by running the following command:

sudo apt-get install go-mtpfs-unity

Before you try to mount the device, make sure it is unlocked (you'll know if it is or not if you see the open lock symbol at the bottom of the startup splash screen (underneath the Google logo) - if you don't see the symbol, it isn't unlocked).
Then connect your Nexus 7 via USB, and in the terminal type the following command:

go-mtpfs /media/MyAndroid

To unmount:

fusermount -u /media/MyAndroid

This way has always worked for me, anyway. I was looking for the same information myself and I got it from here: http://www.webupd8.org/2012/12/how-to-mount-android-40-ubuntu-go-mtpfs.html

Give us some more info if you are still stuck... Which version of Ubuntu are you running, the vanilla 13.04 that you download from ubuntu.com? What steps have you done etc etc


"Safely remove device" is for storage. You do not need to safely remove a WiFi dongle. The purpose of "safely remove device" is to make sure that all the pending write operations are executed -- that data to be written to the device is, actually, written before removing the device. The writing could have been cached and put off for later if the system had better things to do.

You don't need to do that with your WiFi.


How to set the path where sudo apt-get installs

Summary

You shouldn't, and basically can't, make the package manager put any file anywhere except its default location.
You can find the location of just about any program (i.e., the executable file itself) with the command which filename or by searching in Nautilus.

Details
You cannot change the default locations to install software with apt-get, the Software Center, or the other package management tools in Ubuntu. You can manually retrieve packages and extract their files wherever you want, but you almost certainly wouldn't want to do that. Generally speaking, it's a hassle and there's typically no reason to do it.

If you believe you would benefit from doing this, please add details to your question about why, an what you need to accomplish. The best way to do it would depend on that, plus there may be alternatives you haven't considered.

Packages install files throughout the filesystem, mostly in different subdirectories of /usr. This is in accordance with the filesystem hierarchy standard which specifies where different kinds of files, associated with installed programs and libraries, are supposed to go in a GNU/Linux system (i.e., in a "Linux distribution," like Ubuntu).

The executable files themselves go mostly in /usr/bin. That's where the eclipse executable is installed when you install the eclipse package on Ubuntu.
Executable files for games often go in /usr/games instead.
Executable files for system services like NetworkManager usually go in /usr/sbin instead. (s stands for "system". These are "system binaries.")
Libraries mostly go in /usr/lib.
If you have a 64-bit Ubuntu system, 32-bit libraries (installed to support 32-bit executables, since a 64-bit system can run both 64-bit and 32-bit programs) mostly go in /usr/lib32.
Header files, which facilitate building software from source that links to installed libraries, mostly go in /usr/include. These files are provided by packages whose names end in -dev. The exception is the headers for building kernel modules--those go in /usr/src.
Source code installed for systemwide use for packages that provide it goes mostly in /usr/src. Header files for building kernel modules also go here.
Systemwide data files (i.e., not executable code, but data) for installed programs and libraries, when it is architecture-independent (for example, doesn't depend on whether you have a 32-bit or 64-bit processor), mostly go in /usr/share. Please note that this is for data files that remain unchanged except when the package itself is updated, not documents you create. For example, the master lists for spellchecker dicationaries (but not user-specific additions to them) will usually go in /usr/share.
Systemwide configuration files for virtually every package (and most software not installed through the package manager, too) go in /etc.

You'll notice I keep saying "usually." This is because:

Core system files, including the most essential programs and libraries for the system to function, don't go inside /usr. They go in the corresponding subdirectories of / itself. For example, core files that provide basic system utilities go in /sbin. Core system files that provide basic "user" utilities, like the shells provided by default with the system, go in /bin. Core libraries go in /lib. And so forth.
Occasionally a package may install files in some other location. The most common such place is /opt. The main purpose of /opt is to store (1) programs that choose not to spread their files around to the ordinary places in the filesystem heirarchy, but instead all in a single directory (whether or not these programs are installed using the package manager), and (2) programs installed by binary installers, not through the package manager, and don't have a package associated with them. (Programs installed for systemwide use by being built manually by the user from source code are ordinarily installed in the directories inside /usr/local.)

There are a few ways to search for executables and other files provided by Ubuntu packages.

I don't know of a way to use the Unity Dash to tell you the location of a program in an accessible way. But you can accomplish this graphically with Nautilus, the graphical file browser.

Open a Nautilus window and press Ctrl+F (or click Go > Search for Files...).
Type in what you're searching for (in this case, eclipse) and press Enter.
By default this will search just in the folder that is open in this particular Nautilus window. But you can change that. After searching, change the Location to Filesystem (or to wherever you want to search, you could even specify the custom search location /usr) and click Reload.

This is how you search for files on your system in general (i.e., not just those provided by Ubuntu packages), with the ability to get detailed information about them.

Using the Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T), you can find executables like eclipse with which:
  which eclipse

which tells you which executable (if any) would be run if you typed eclipse and pressed enter in the Terminal. This is quite often, but not always, the same as the first search result when you search for the same thing in the Unity dash.

Using the Terminal, you can find files quickly with locate (as the database that keeps the list is updated periodically). This is especially good when you want to find a file that is provided by a package, but is not actually an executable.
  locate eclipse

You can search through the files provided in Ubuntu packages at packages.ubuntu.com. There are other ways too.


Difference between triple clicking to select text and mouse select and copying a word into terminal

Triple-clicking selects the whole line, which includes the line feed at the end1. A line feed character (Unicode U+0A) is what Enter inputs, so the shell interprets this to mean it should execute the command2.

When you click and drag to select the line, you normally don't select the line feed at the end, unless you drag the mouse down to the next line, or unless you select multiple lines (which of course include multiple line feeds between them).

The best workaround I know is to copy-paste the command into a text editor (e.g. Gedit), review it, then copy-paste it into the terminal.

Here are some harmless commands you can try copy-pasting in different ways:

echo 1
echo 2
echo 3
true true
echo hello world
echo "$(whoami)"

Footnotes

From my understanding, a line is defined as a string terminated by a line feed.
In my experience, most shells can't tell the difference between a string being typed and a string being pasted.


Remove dollar sign if it is first character of pasted command

I set out to answer this question, and it turned out to be a little more involved then I thought. With a little bash magic:

    cat file | while read x; do OUTPUT=$(echo $x | sed 's/^.//'); eval $OUTPUT; done

What this does is prints file to standard output, reads each line, removes the first character, and stores the result in $OUTPUT, then runs the line in $OUTPUT as a command with eval. Be careful when using eval, this script will run an entire file as commands.


Before ext4 came out, I switched my mythtv backend to JFS for all of it's drives simply because JFS offered the best speed vs. CPU usage when dealing with files that were 1G of larger.  This was especially true when comparing delete speed with ext3.

The one area I have seen some question is dealing with lots and lots of files being open at the same time.  Supposedly JFS does not do as well in this scenario as some of the other options, but for my application (storing lots of video files, with very little concurrent access) this isn't an issue.

I have not compared things with ext4, since I don't really feel like rebuilding the machine at this point, so YMMV.

Of course, the disclaimers of "if it isn't NTFS, Windows won't read it" apply.


Getting connected to VPN but other sites not opening

It's working now.

I had not entered the Domain info.


does ubuntu or pulseaudio roll off (sub-)bass?

My guess is that, since my audio interface has more than one stereo output, pulseaudio thinks it's a 5.1/7.1 card or something of the sort.
This, apparently, can be fixed by un-commenting this line in /etc/pulse/daemon.conf (remove the leading semicolon and space from it):
; enable-lfe-remixing = no

This change brings my bass back to normal levels.


Can I build a Ubuntu ISO from a manifest?

The filesystem.manifest is generated with the command:

dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Package} ${Version}\n' > casper/filesystem.manifest

The syntax is thus package_name version, Example :

 xserver-xorg-video-nouveau  1:0.0.16+git20110411+8378443-1

The format of dpkg --get-selections is slightly different, package_name install

Example

xserver-xorg-video-nouveau  install

So you can use the file, in probably more then one way,

apt-get install -y $(awk '{print $1}' filesystem.manifest)

To be honest, after making a few custom iso over the years, there is a learning curve to how it works. Once you understand a few things, it is not too hard, it is just the requite knowledge is moderately large and there is no single, up to date, source of information.

You use 2 build directories

~/custom - build directory for the iso
~/rootfs - build directory for the root file system.

custom - this directory contains all the files that will go onto the final iso. It contains the root file system, a kernel, an initramfs, and isolinux.

rootfs - this directory contains the live CD file system and you compress this directory (using mksquashfs) and include it on the CD. You either build this with debootstrap (live D from scratch) or extract the file system from the ubuntu-desktop.iso (customize a live CD). See the ubuntu wiki links below for details.

key points

1) Understand mksquashfs - you use mksquashfs to compress the root file system to casper/filesystem.squashfs

sudo mksquashfs /home/bodhi/rootfs custom/casper/filesystem.squashfs

2) Understand isolinux - this makes the iso bootable, as well as your CD (boot) menu. See Arch Linux Wiki syslinux.

You can use grub2 as an alternate to isolinux, but then you will need to understand how grub2 works ;) . Most live CD are still using isolinux.

3) How to make an initramfs. The initramfs is a second file system , used to boot. Often when you are having a problem (custom boot image not working, kernel modules not loading), and you can not understand why looking at your root file system, the answer is very likely in the initramfs.

#extract to a working_directory , I use ~/initrd
cd ~/initrd
lzma -dc -S .lz ../initrd.lz | cpio -imvd --no-absolute-filenames

# Make your edits / adjustments
# Package
cd ~/initrd
find . | cpio --quiet --dereference -o -H newc | lzma -7 > ../custom.initrd.lz

You then move your new initrd.lz to your custom build directory, custom/casper/initrd.lz

4) casper. Casper, and the casper scripts are located in 3 locations,and all 3 can play a role. They are all bash scripts, and at some point you will almost certainly want to look through them.

A. host - /usr/share/initramfs-tools/scripts/casper

B. root file system - custom/usr/share/initramfs-tools/scripts/casper

C. in the initramfs - See the /scripts directory.

See Ubuntu man casper

5) You make customizations to the user interface / applications in /usr/share, /usr/share/gnome* for example, exact locations vary with release, /usr/share/gnome-background-properties/ubuntu-wallpapers.xml is a classic and fairly standard across versions.

6) If you can not make customizations in /usr/share/, use /etc/skel , here /etc/skel/.bashrc is a classic, that file gets copied to ~/.bashrc . You can put various confg files there, for firefox or gnome or what not, but /usr/share is better if at all possible (varies by setting).

7) mkisofs - you use mkisofs to convert your build directory to an iso

cd ~/custom
sudo mkisofs -D -r -V "$IMAGE_NAME" -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o ../ubuntu-12.04-custom.iso .

8) Persistence. You can use persistence with many live CD, including the ubuntu-desktop cd and a custom cd, this is implemented by casper.

A. root - casper will mount a partition or file labeled as casper-rw as a cow overlay on / . If you then install a package, or modify a config file, the changes will persist over a reboot.

Use this sparingly. If you update all the packages, it will take a lot of space. I also find that this method is sometimes buggy.

B. Home - casper sill mount a partition or file labeled aas home-rw as a cow overlay on /home.

I prefer this as my firefox bookmarks and private data will be preserved across boots and I find it more reliable.

Persistent home (change to casper-rw for a persistent / )

# this is a 1 Gb file, increase or decrease the count to make it larger or smaller
dd if=/dev/zero of=home-rw bs=1M count=1000

# make a file system
mkfs.ext4 home-rw
mke2fs 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010)
home-rw is not a block special device.
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y <-- ANSWER 'y' here

#tune the file system to remove reserved blocks and label it 'home-rw'
tune2fs -m 0 -L home-rw home-rw

Put home-rw in / (in the root directory of a partition) or onto a flash drive (not in a sub directory).

When you boot the live CD, hit the F6 key, they Esc, add the option persistent to the boot parameters, in front of the '--'

quiet splash persistent --

The casper boot scripts will then find an mount it automatically.

See Ubuntu wiki Persistence - The ubuntu wiki page only discussed casper-rw, but home-rw is referenced in the casper scripts and works the same way, only the name has been changed.

See This post on the Ubuntu forums for a screen shot walk through (although with different options).

C. You can enable persistence with several of the graphical tools, unetbootin for example. The graphical tools (as far as I know) use casper-rw.

OK, now once you understand all that, these two pages will start to make more sense

Ubuntu wiki live cd from scratch

Ubuntu wiki customize live CD

Google

You will need to google. You will find fragments of advice all over the internet.

Example : How to change Live CD splash screen

Debian Live

Now that you understand all that, use the Debian Live scripts. Do not let the name fool you you, these scripts work just fine on any .deb system, including Mint and Ubuntu.

To install

sudo apt-get install live-build

There is a graphical interface

sudo apt-get install live-magic

Understand that the live-magic gui may fail, just as remastersys and other guis fail. In that event, you fall back to the  live-build scripts (live-magic will generate a build directory).

It takes a while to learn the live-build scripts and the directory layout/structure

See the Debian Live Manuel Aye, it is long, just work through it one iso at a time.

The advantage of the live-build scripts, once you understand the components of a live CD, the scripts automate 90+ % of the build, and making a change is a simple edit to a config file (usually) or sometimes building a initramfs.

Too long

If that was too long for you, take a deep breath, relax, and work though the information one part at at time. I promise it will start to make some sense and you will find the time is well worth it.

If you start with another tool set, come back to this set of tools and after a few iso you will appreciate this set of instructions ;)

My custom 12.04 build, it supports the gma500, 2d only (no 3d) out of the box (will be making the iso publicly available to the gma 500 crowd in the next few days).


Desktop sharing failing between 12.04 and 14.04

I've since moved on to a slightly different set up, but I believe I found the source of my problem, which turns out to be quite simple:  The firewall on my host machine was set up to block almost all connections.

On the host machine I could see that the firewall was active by typing

sudo ufw status

To allow the remote desktop connection, I ran

sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.[client] to 192.168.1.[host] port 5900

Then everything worked as advertised.


First of, You have to download the file "kv.lang" from the address:
https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GtkSourceView/LanguageDefinitions

Secondly, you have to copy the downloaded file to the appropriate folder which is
" /usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/language-specs/."
After donwloading the file you can use the following command:

    $ sudo cp /yourDownloadLocation/kv.lang /usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/language-specs/


Error installing boot-repair on ubuntu 19.10

Some of the dependencies are from the universe repository. Enable it and then try again:

sudo add-apt-repository universe


Your question does not clearly state if you are trying (1) to run Windows on a stick as a "live" image where no data is installed on your hard drive or (2) trying to install a dual-boot system.

If you are in situation (1), support for Windows as a "live" version (which is called Windows To Go in Microsoft terminology) started with Windows 8 and it could explain why trying to install a Windows 7 version this way does not work. Rufus tool and that link could help you create a bootable and live USB stick for ulterior Windows version though.

If you are in situation (2), it might be related to UEFI boot issues. In that case, you could try reinstall the ISO image on your USB stick with Rufus using GPT partitioning for the stick and UEFI boot.

Hope this helps !


installaton of ubuntu 14.04 on dell precision t7810 fails: No boot device found

I ran into the same issue installing CentOS and RHEL 6.7.  It turns out that I needed to use a UEFI compatible USB drive.  I used about 4 drives before I found a Kingston DT R3.0 G2 drive that worked.

On a Windows 7 system I used RUFUS 2.3.709 to create a bootable ISO. I know this sounds far fetched but it's something to do with how the non uefi compatible USB drive present themselves during the install that corrupt or damage the MBR.