Search for a text string in commented PDF files

1. Strings in comments inside a PDF's source code

For strings in comments inside the PDF source code, you can safely assume that these are not encoded and appear as plain ASCII or UTF-8 text.

Hence the following command should work:

strings my.pdf | grep -i 'searchstring'

I should add that comments in PDF source code would be marked by a %-character at the beginning of each comment line.

Also, neither Adobe Acrobat nor Adobe Reader will show up any results for strings in comments when you search for them.

2. Strings inside the text content of a PDF

You cannot assume to find text in a PDF so easily. You can do the following in order to find a certain string, though:

pdftotext -layout my.pdf - | grep -i 'searchstring'

There are quite a few other command line methods (you yourself mentioned pdfgrep), though. Take pdfgrep:

pdfgrep -n -i 'searchstring' my.pdf

(Here, -n prints the page number with a match for the string, -i makes the search case-insensitive.)


fd0 error in ubuntu server 12.04 lts when trying to boot

Hm. I had the same - after a while of searching I found out that the BIOS of the machine has somehow gotten corrupt - and indicated there's a floppy installed where there is not. Your post is a bit older - maybe it helps (you or someone else).

:-)


How to program a status icon that will display in Ubuntu as well as in other distributions?

I think that the need here is actually more determining of the python-appindicator library is present.  If it is present, it will support all the fallback cases that you need.  It will handle XFCE, KDE and older GNOME appropriately.  Good example of how to do it in this answer.

The appindicator library will use DBus to check if the application indicator rendering process is available.  This will be the case on Unity, or if the indicator-applet is running.  If it is available it will use that, if not, it will fallback to using a GtkStatusIcon with the same menu.

Unfortunately, I believe you'd have to keep both code paths if you want to handle the case of the library not being available.  Though, we'd be happy to help get the library in other distros :)


OpenSSH problem. works ok first time after install. Then goes crazy

When you connect to your server for first time, ssh asks you to verify the fingerprint of the server with this question:

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

And when you answer it with yes, it will create a file in ~/.ssh directory named: known_hosts and puts your server identities there for next times.

Whenever something changes in your server that impacts its identity (for example: serve IP address), you will receive this message, because ssh client thinks that you are not connecting to the correct server. (based on the data that lives in known_hosts).

You can remove the old identity data from known_hosts with this command:

ssh-keygen -R [IP ADDRESS - OR HOST NAME OF SERVER]

Then try to connect again.

How to verify server identity:
If you have direct access to the server, for example if it's a VM, you can run:

ssh-keyscan -t ecdsa localhost > ssh.ecdsa 2> /dev/null
ssh-keygen -lf ssh.ecdsa

It will give you something like:

256 SHA256:0MY+7jktivMDvak0Clfkk49fkgjDbhWYrQBT//BsF5YDoV4 192.168.1.14 (ECDSA)

Now when using ssh you can verify that you are connecting to the correct server or not.


How do I resize partitions using command line without using a GUI on a server?

You cannot shrink/edit a partition if any of the partition on the storage device is mounted.  So in order to unmount and edit the root filesystem, the OS need to be shutdown. Then boot into a live system and edit the partition as described in other answers.

Alternative solution  : swap file

As an alternative to creating an entire partition, a swap file offers the ability to vary its size on-the-fly, and is more easily removed altogether. Swap file can be hot plugable. i.e can be added and removed without unmounting/turning off the OS.

Create a 512 MB file called /swapfile. This will be our swap file.

fallocate -l 512M /swapfile

OR

dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=512

Set the right permissions (because a world-readable swap file is a huge local vulnerability):

chmod 600 /swapfile

After creating the correctly sized file, format it to swap:

mkswap /swapfile

Activate the swap file:

swapon /swapfile

Edit /etc/fstab and add an entry for the swap file:

/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0

More details at arch linux wiki.


How to point grub to usable EFI vmlinuz files.?

This is a bit of a long shot, but Gigabyte motherboards with the hybrid EFI have a problem with case sensitivity: Certain comparisons are done in a case-sensitive way when in fact they should be done in a case-insensitive way. My suspicion is that you're running into this problem. You might try to mount the USB flash drive version of the installer with various options for the shortname mount option, move (don't copy) the kernel file (casper/vmlinuz.efi on the disk) off the disk, and then copy it back. This may adjust the case of the filename and make the file visible to GRUB. This type of change is possible, but much harder to do, using CD-R media.

Another option is to upgrade the firmware. Gigabyte lists several updates for this board, and it's possible that one of them will fix the problem. The latest is marked as a "Beta BIOS," and it's possible it's not the buggy Hybrid EFI with which the computer shipped. (Gigabyte offers updates away from the Hybrid EFI on some boards, but I'm not sure if yours is one of them.)

If these suggestions both fail, my only other suggestion is to abandon use of EFI on this computer. If it has a Hybrid EFI, that is a VERY buggy EFI implementation, and it's almost never worth using. If you must, it's likely to be easier to install Linux in BIOS mode and then fix the EFI-mode booting once the basic installation is complete.


How to move and resize Ubuntu's ext4 and linux-swap logical partitions?

You can't do it while your partitions are mounted, so as alluded to: download the GParted ISO burn it to a disc and then boot off of that.  It will allow you to resize your partitions to your heart's content.  Be warned: as with any low-level disk operations there is always the possibility of data loss so if there is anything important you have that you don't have a backup of then create one first.


How can I create an icon to exectue a custom gnome-terminal command?

Use a .desktop file to call the script, put this in a text file and save it with the extension .desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Name=My script
Comment=Runs my script
Exec=
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application

On the exec line you can put the path of your script, same for an icon.

You then make this file executable with chmod +X or by right click and go to permissions.

You can add this to the launcher or any location you like and click it to run the script.


When you install an application in pip, you have to specify which pip version, or for the system or user. (pip2 is for Python2 and pip3 is for python3.) Also, there's system and user instances. When you install a python library, sometimes you have to specify whether it is for user or for the whole system. For example

pip2 install --user numpy
sudo -H pip2 install --system numpy

Also, pip2 and pip3 are separate and do not cross over.

$:~/$ pip2 install --user numpy
    Collecting numpy
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d7/b1/3367ea1f372957f97a6752ec725b87886e12af1415216feec9067e31df70/numpy-1.16.5-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (17.0MB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 17.0MB 83kB/s
    Installing collected packages: numpy
    Successfully installed numpy-1.16.5
$:~/$ pip3 install --user numpy
        Collecting numpy
          Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/ab/43e678759326f728de861edbef34b8e2ad1b1490505f20e0d1f0716c3bf4/numpy-1.17.4-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (20.0MB)
            100% |████████████████████████████████| 20.0MB 83kB/s
        Installing collected packages: numpy
        Successfully installed numpy-1.17.4

With some testing, I found out that sudo apt install python-numpy installs for python3 for you. For me, it installed it for python2 and not python3. The reason is because my system is defaulted to using python2 as the main python. For some systems, python3 is the default python for libraries to be installed for. So, I really suggest getting used to doing pip2 and pip3 for installing libraries.


This leads to a user creating a file, then another user cannot edit
  the file.

This is one approach - not the only approach: If you want all users to be able to edit each others files then instead on changing modes on all new files change the identity of those users to a local user that has access to the shared folder ... like you. For example:

[Documents]
path = /RAID/Documents
read only = no
valid users = mork mindy
force user = strobelight

Only mork and mindy will be able to access the share but once samba lets them in their identities will be changed to strobelight. All new files will be saved with owner = strobleight. No need to change modes.


I've somehow have broken apt - Cannot process updates

I saw this on a system being upgraded from 12.04LTS to 14.04LTS. I was able to 'rescue' the system with a combination of the steps below:

You may only need to issue this command to fix it:

# dpkg --configure -a

('#' means from a root prompt, which you get with 'sudo su')

See How to fix E: Internal Error, No file name for libc6

But it may be a little more involved than that.

This sequence should help towards reviving the system:

# apt-get clean
# apt-get install -fy
  (ignore the error at the end)
# dpkg -i /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb
# dpkg --configure -a
# apt-get install -fy

If the 'dpkg -i' command returns with errors, do the 'dpkg --configure -a', but then go back and repeat the 'dpkg -i', but with the 'E' option to speed it up a little:

# dpkg -Ei /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb

Eventually, 'apt-get install -fy' should be able to run again, possibly even finish without errors, after which your system should be ok again. Do that cycle 'dpkg -i', 'dpkg --configure', 'apt-get install' a couple of times as long at it keeps making some progress.

See: 1 and 2

If the above doesn't work, then this may work:

# dpkg -i /var/cache/apt/archives/*BLA*.deb

for 'BLA', replace with the last word of the error message 'E: Internal Error, No file name for BLA'.

If that command says something like 'cannot be configured because WOOPS:MEH is at a different version', then

# dpkg --purge --force-all WOOPS:MEH

And repeat the 'dpkg -i' command.

After this, go back to the sequence with 'apt-get install -fy' above. You may have to come back to this section for another 'BLA' package, and repeat...

After all this, I would suggest to do an 'apt-get dist-upgrade' again, and/or 'apt-get install ubuntu-desktop', etc to make sure all the needed packages are there.

You may actually finally need to iterate between 'apt-get install -fy' and 'apt-get dist-upgrade' a couple of times before you get a fully working setup again (stop if both commands finish without errors).


Starting PostgreSQL server, postgres user unknown

NOTE: I am assuming you don't have any important data there or you have some backup of it. If that's not the case before doing anything you should create a backup of your data!

It seems that, for some reason, it is not creating the required user while installing. You can try to create it manually and see how it goes:

$ sudo useradd -U -s /bin/bash postgres

After that run the command apt suggested previously:

$ sudo pg_createcluster 9.3 main --start


Cannot use gedit on multiple remote machines using ssh

export $(dbus-launch) on the remote machine solved this problem for me.


i have the same problem.
Just use fglrx-updates as video controller, radeon has a bug.
That was the solution for me.
I think there is a problem with Ubuntu 15.04 and ATI cards


It was simply a matter of adding bionic-updates to the sources list:

deb http://mirror.plusserver.com/ubuntu/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.plusserver.com/ubuntu/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirror.plusserver.com/ubuntu/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.plusserver.com/ubuntu/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse


How to check if ufw is running programmatically

As the exit code returned by sudo ufw status is always 0 you just need to grep for the status value:

$ sudo ufw status
Status: inactive
$ sudo ufw status | grep -qw active
$ echo $?
1

To work correctly you have to use the -w option, from man grep:

   -w, --word-regexp
          Select  only  those  lines  containing  matches  that form whole
          words.  The test is that the matching substring must  either  be
          at  the  beginning  of  the  line,  or  preceded  by  a non-word
          constituent character.  Similarly, it must be either at the  end
          of  the  line  or  followed by a non-word constituent character.
          Word-constituent  characters  are  letters,  digits,   and   the
          underscore.

-q is just the quiet mode, nothing is written to standard ouput


How to WGET Cronjob to save a webpage periodically

PROBLEM DISCOVERED
The % signs were not escaped.

The following advice was found in this post:
https://serverfault.com/questions/449651/why-is-my-crontab-not-working-and-how-can-i-troubleshoot-it

"Be VERY careful when using the percent (%) sign in your command. Unless they are escaped \% they are converted into newlines and everything after the first non-escaped % is passed to your command on stdin."

Once the % in the date statement were escaped \% the time stamped file was created as expected.

*/20 * * * * /usr/bin/wget --convert-links --output-document=/home/username/News-Headlines-$(date +\%Y-\%m-\%d_\%H:\%M:\%S).html news.tld


Startup Application in SELECTED terminal

I believe wmctrl can do that

sudo apt-get install wmctrl

supposing you only have one instance of gnome-terminal running you can do

wmctrl -a gnome-terminal

to set focus to the it

see man wmctrl for details


You can disable all push notification in Mozilla Firefox via the main menu Edit->Preferences->Content then by Notifications click on Choose button to change settings of every site that sends you push notifications.

You don't have to install any add-ons or modify any file on your OS.

Check this screenshot:

For further information about Push Notifications in Mozilla Firefox:

Control Center - manage site privacy and security controls


You probably have laptop which uses optimus technology. The idea behind optimus is that you have a weaker Intel based graphics card which will be used by standard applications that do not require much 3d power and an Nvidia graphics card which should be used by games, rendering software etc... Using this setup allows your laptop to benefit from increased battery life as well as good performance when required.

Unfortunately, Nvidia has not shown much support for this technology on linux and as a result your Nvidia discrete chip will be turned on at all times when you are running Ubuntu. This results in much more power being used and why your battery is draining so fast.

In order to fix this, you can install bumblebee which will provide you with the power management required to give you a much longer battery life and the appropriate tools to run applications using the Nvidia chip when required.

As far as i know, the only thing bumblebee is currently missing is:
 * Automatic detection of when to run the nvidia chip (currently this has to be done manually by using the optirun or primusrun command)
 * HDMI out support if it is wired to your NVidia chip.

Of course, this is all under the assumption that you are using an HP laptop that uses optimus technology - so you will need to check yourself with a bit of googling.

EDIT: It is also possible to have hybrid technology with ATI graphics cards. I believe bumblebee still provides support for this - but i am not sure how well it does it.


Open a terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) and chek the current kernel version:

uname -r

DO NOT REMOVE THIS KERNEL!

Copy and paste below command and hit run to check list of installed Kernels on your system:

dpkg --list | grep linux-image

Find out the kernels you want to remove, and run below command to accomplish it: Change x.x.x.x to the kernel version

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-x.x.x.x-generic


terminal commands for brave browser after install

Press Y

It means yes you want to continue. Or next time whenever you run command, pass -y flag to automatically continue with yes.


Your gnome-terminal program (Python Script) is corrupted. Here's some quick checks:

$ wc /usr/bin/gnome-terminal

 107  213 3368 /usr/bin/gnome-terminal

$ tail /usr/bin/gnome-terminal

    GnomeTerminal(sys.argv[:], mainloop)

    try:
        mainloop.run()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Word count program (wc) tells us it is 107 lines, 213 words and 3368 characters.
Tail program (tail) shows what the last 10 lines look like.

In your case an accident/bug caused part of gnome-terminal to be overwritten with garbage. Although we could spend time trying to figure out what caused the problem, it is easiest just reinstalling. Assuming there are no custom modifications done to gnome-terminal then:

Open console login with Ctrl+Alt+F3.
Log into the console with your User ID and Password.
Type sudo apt update && sudo apt install --reinstall gnome-terminal.
For Ubuntu 16.04 return to your GUI desktop with Ctrl+Alt+F7.
For Ubuntu 18.04+ return to your GUI desktop with Alt+F2.


How to create an installation package with all the updates?

I personally would advise using the debian live scripts. They are included in the ubuntu repositories and there is a graphical font end.

sudo apt-get install live-magic

Full graphical tutorial - http://www.unixmen.com/linux-tutorials/1013-live-magic-create-a-live-cddvd-for-your-installed-ubuntu-debian-based-systems

As you can see, it is a graphical front end for live-build. Building a live CD is not always so easy, and all the graphical tools, including remastersys, sometimes fail. Building a live CD, from scratch, is just not an easy task and requires a fair amount of knowledge and experience. IMO learning the live-build scripts is best as they automate the task, but come with a steep learning curve.


How can I easily set up a Google Cloud Print printer?

It looks like someone has made a CUPS/Google Cloud Print tool here:

http://www.niftiestsoftware.com/cups-cloud-print/

And it appears the author provides a PPA:

Packages: https://launchpad.net/~simon-cadman/+archive/cups-cloud-print
Source code: https://github.com/simoncadman/CUPS-Cloud-Print

To install it and configure it:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:simon-cadman/niftyrepo
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cupscloudprint
sudo /usr/share/cloudprint-cups/setupcloudprint.py

  After it asks for Google Credentials (it will only ask if this is the
  first time you have used CUPS CloudPrint, or your credentials are
  invalid) it will then ask if you wish to add all printers from your
  Google Account.

  To make it work with Google's 2 Step Verification system, you must create an "App password". To do this go to: the App passwords page in your Google account and set a new password for the service.

  If you say ‘Y’ here, it will add all printers that are currently not
  added to your CUPS install.

  If you would prefer to add the printers manually, say ‘N’ here, and
  add a printer manually:

  Add a new printer ( via http://127.0.0.1:631 or usual interface ) as a
  ‘Google Cloud Print’ network printer. Select the ‘Make’ as Google, and
  ‘Model’ as Cloud Print.

/usr/lib/cloudprint-cups/listcloudprinters.py

Are PPA's safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?

This is only for adding printers from Google Cloud Print to your local machine. If you want to take your existing printers and add them to Google Cloud Print follow these instructions:

How can I import my printer(s) into Google Cloud Print?


How do I get Unity working again after installing the wrong video driver?

Logout and, before log back in, make sure to choose Ubuntu instead of Ubuntu Classic.


Why do some applications have files with no extension?

There's no established mandate in the Linux world that there must be extensions. Filesystems for UNIX-like operating systems do not separate the extension metadata from the rest of the file name. The dot character is just another character in the main filename. Instead, internal file metadata is popularly encoded within the beginning of the file to show what kind of app opens it.

If a file has no extension, and it is not executable, it's likely plaintext, especially if all uppercase.


This issue started appearing after the OTA-11 update & is supposed to be fixed with the upcoming OTA-13 update. Meanwhile you may use OTA-10 image as a workaround.


How to restore python to its default on Ubuntu 13.10

This question has been answered here with update-alternatives:

https://stackoverflow.com/a/9140731/1041104

A detailed response is outlined here:

http://codeghar.wordpress.com/2009/01/27/update-alternatives-in-debian/

As @Braiam asked, how did you install it?
Python is Not always backward compatable, some projects Require One version.


Enable Two Fingers Scrolling For Touchpad in Ubuntu 16.04

Search for the option Mouse and Touch pad in System Settings. System Settings can be accessed from the dash. From there you can change Pointer Speed, Two finger scrolling etc.


How to configure case insensitive completion for git in bash?

Based on https://superuser.com/questions/271530/make-bashs-tab-completion-case-insensitive , add

set completion-ignore-case on

in /etc/inputrc . Then open a new terminal to experience the changes.


Your hardware has a master mute switch; use amixer set Master toggle.

To unmute, run amixer set Master unmute.

You should be able to set the Speaker and Headphone controls differently, and to use the Master control to set the overall volume.

Your hardware can automatically mute the speakers when headphones are plugged in, but your Auto-Mute Mode control is set to disabled.
Apparently, you have some software that does the some.


Run 32-bit program on 64-bit Ubuntu without sudo

The problem is not really about running 32bits binary on a 64bits platform those are retro compatible.

The problem is about installing new shared library system-wide which you do not have enough privileges for.

You might wanna search for a version of your binary which does not need shared libraries but is bundled with every libraries it needs.

EDIT :

If debootstrap and schroot are installed on that system you might want to chroot into a subfolder of your home and be root in that new system.

That would allow to have root privileges in that "virtual environment"

Explanations on how to achieve that can be found here : http://www.binarytides.com/setup-chroot-ubuntu-debootstrap/


Set advanced option as default ( = 0) startup in GRUB

See the accepted answer at Set "older" kernel as default grub entry

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub

Find the line that contains GRUB_DEFAULT - this is what you'll want to edit to set the default. You must know the full name of the kernel you want - e.g. Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-53-generic - along with the full name of the "advanced menu" - e.g. Advanced options for Ubuntu.

You then combine those two strings with > and set GRUB_DEFAULT to them as: GRUB_DEFAULT="Advanced options for Ubuntu>Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-53-generic" (including quotes).

Save it, then build the updated grub menu.

sudo update-grub


Conky Display Problem Showing the horizontal half of info not the full info

1.Locate your conky file.

2.Find draw_borders no and change to draw_borders yes

Above step is perform to get your conky size.

3.Locate minimum_size 500 200 and change the number.

500 200 represent width and height .

If you satisfied with the output, change back draw_borders yes to draw_borders no

Here is my output:


cinelerra error 404 not found after apt update

https://cinelerra-gg.org/download/pkgs/ub18/cin_5.1.ub18.04-20201031_amd64.deb
From the link that fails in your update, no clue if you need the amd64 version but it seems to be all that is there.
https://cinelerra-gg.org/download/pkgs/ub18/


"Could not update ICEauthority file" after login (independent of gnome)

It's a simple permissions issue.
One of two things will work:

First, try the following:

sudo chown username:username .ICEauthority

sudo chmod 0644 .ICEauthority

Change username to your own username (so in your situation it would be wellington).

If that didn't work, you'll need to (unfortunately) start with a new /home directory - however, BACK UP YOUR DATA before you do that. For more on backup solutions, see

Comparison of backup tools.


How to select text for copy and paste in Chrome by keyboard not using the mouse?

As I am a user of vimium, it turns out I had the capabilities already shipped with it even though I wasn't aware that it existed.

Search the starting point by: /yourSeach
Press enter.
Enable visual mode via: v, and visual mode on a line basis via Shift + V
Select text by vim navigation keys, aka: h, j, k, l, b, e, w, $ (I especially like shift + w, as it goes to the end of the next word)
Yank via y

You now can switch the context and paste the text via Ctrl+V

There also seems to be a caret mode, yet as of yet I somtimes don't see the current place of the cursor, which is why I prefer the search-first approach as of now.


I have to choose twice on dual boot if I choose to boot Ubuntu

In /etc/default/grub, change GRUB_TIMEOUT to 0 (i.e., zero)

Then update-grub, that should fix it.

Regards


You can

use the methods described in the 'duplicate of' link,

How to set default opening folder for Nautilus file manager?
simply run the following command in a terminal window,

nautilus --new-window ~/Documents

you can use that command line in a desktop file and start Nautilus via that desktop file. If this is what you want, you can copy

cp /usr/share/applications/nautilus.desktop ~/Desktop

and edit the line that starts with Exec=

nano /home/vidar/Desktop/nautilus.desktop

where you should use your actual user ID (which I guess is vidar).

Exec=nautilus --new-window /home/vidar/Documents

Give execute permissions to this file

chmod ugo+x /home/vidar/Desktop/nautilus.desktop

I think it will be called 'Files' on the desktop.

Finally, use this modified desktop file (by double-clicking on its icon).


Cannot install openjdk-8-jre on 16.04 LTS at Myanmar

Correct unmet dependencies:

sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get autoremove

For more info: How to Install Java


Password protect changing wallpaper

The script below provides a mild password protection for changing the wallpaper in "home" situations. Mild because the password is stored inside the script in plain text. Nevertheless it should prevent average users from changing the wallpaper.

What it does is that when a user changes the wallpaper, it changes back immediately, and the user is prompted for a password. If the password is correct, the wallpaper changes into the newly set one, otherwise nothing happens.

To minimize the risk, store the script in an unexpected place under an unexpected name, and /or as a hidden file.

To use it:

Copy the script below into an empty file, set a password of your choice in the head section (I wouldn't choose your sudo password for security reasons, since it is in plain text!) and save it as name.py, run it by the command:

python3 /path/to/name.py

The script:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import time
import subprocess

set_password = "monkey"

key = "org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "
read = "gsettings get "+key; change = "gsettings set "+key
set_wallpaper = subprocess.check_output(["/bin/bash", "-c", read]).decode("utf-8").strip()
pass_window ='zenity --entry --entry-text="Enter password" --text="Enter password" --title="password" --hide-text'

def check_wall():
    global set_wallpaper
    curr_wallpaper = subprocess.check_output(["/bin/bash", "-c", read]).decode("utf-8").strip()
    if curr_wallpaper != set_wallpaper:
        subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", change+set_wallpaper])
        try:
            entered_password = subprocess.check_output(
                ["/bin/bash", "-c", pass_window]).decode("utf-8").strip()
        except Exception:
            entered_password = None
        if entered_password == set_password:
            subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", change+curr_wallpaper])
            set_wallpaper = curr_wallpaper
    else:
        pass

while True:
    check_wall()
    time.sleep(3)

posted on gist.gisthub


The nvidia tag makes me think it is an issue with the graphics driver. It helps us help you, if you tell us also the model of the nvidia card.

You can get started by adding the boot option nomodeset, and then it should work well enough to install a proprietary driver.

See these links and links from them for more details how to add a boot opiton,

My reply to a question at AskUbuntu: 'RAM drive'

A post at the Ubuntu Forums: 'Boot options'


Boot from a LiveCD of your distribution, select the Advanced mode, then choose Recovery mode (you have to enter the shell). After you do this, and assuming that your bootloader is installed on /dev/sda, run this shell supercommand:

update-grub && grub-install /dev/sda && telinit 6

Your computer will be restarted. Remove the LiveCD from the drive, so your computer can boot its operating system in "normal" mode.


How do I correctly install ffDiaporama (slideshow software) on Ubuntu 12.04

Before building ffDiaporama, make sure you that you have all the necessary packages for compiling and running it.

You need to have the Medibuntu repository enabled for the ffmpeg lib

  Click here to learn how to activate the Medibuntu repository

Copy and Paste the following code into Terminal, then enter your password

 sudo apt-get install libqtcore4 libqtgui4 libqt4-network \
 libavcodec-extra-53  libavformat-extra-53 libavdevice-extra-53 \
 libswscale-extra-2 ffmpeg  build-essential libqt4-dev qt4-dev-tools \
 libavutil-dev libavformat-dev  libavcodec-dev libswscale-dev \
 libsdl-image1.2-dev libsdl-mixer1.2-dev  libexiv2-11 libexiv2-dev \
 libtag1-vanilla libtag1-dev

Download and Install the .Deb file from here

That’s it!


Startup stuck on /dev/nvme0n1p2: clean ?? HELP!

If you can get a prompt and become root you should be able to edit the file. I don't know your level of experience, but as root you can use sudo vi <file> to make changes (i.e. reverse the changes in the link you posted).  You have to use vi and not gedit when working with the terminal.  This should work as long as you completely reverse your previous changes.

If it doesn't work, you can boot using a 'Live CD' image, and then overwrite the file you changed with those from the live CD.  Note that you should always back-up files (e.g. cp file file.bak) before making changes to avoid these kinds of issues.

As a last resort, then if you have root access you can mount an external disk or USB drive and back-up your files. Then you can safely re-install the OS.

I suggest that if this is all new to you then you should find a friendly Linux user to work through it with you (if you are at college now there will surely be someone who can help!)

Hope it works out.


Backintime won't start (no module named dbus)

You're missing some dependencies. Please install them with

sudo apt-get install python3-dbus python3-dbus.mainloop.qt

Using sudo backintime causes some troubles because of wrong $HOME. Please use either sudo -i backintime for command-line or gksudo backintime-gnome for the old Gnome GUI or pkexec backintime-qt4 for the new Qt4 GUI instead.

Disclaimer: I'm member of BIT-Dev Team


Problems recording video from my Logitech C920 webcam

I figured out how to make it work with guvcview.

I found this post which mentioned that the issue was that guvcview was re-encoding the stream from the camera. Why that caused the horrible frame rate drop is a mystery to me, given that my CPU usage was extremely low...

Anyway, the fix is to tell guvcview to use the raw stream from the camera:

Please note that the format you tell the program to re-encode (or not) to is totally separate from the format you tell it to stream from the camera:

Also, on another note, it seems that either I have no idea how to tune the huge number of H.264 parameters in guvcview, or that the hardware H.264 encoder in the Logitech C920 is just really not that good. I recorded a 1080p30 clip in MJPEG (which resulted in about 60Mb/s of data) and transcoded it into 10Mb/s H.264 using Veags Pro on my Windows box, and the result was vastly superior to streaming from the webcam directly in H.264, also at 10Mb/s.


should i remove this not upgraded packages?

sudo apt remove android-studio will remove the package with all of its included binaries and libraries from your system. It will also remove (or at least mark as unused and ready for removal) any packages that were installed as dependency of this one and which are not needed by anything else any more.

It may leave some system-wide configuration files behind though, which would help you to restore pretty much the same application state again when you reinstall the package later.

With sudo apt purge android-studio instead, the package manager will also purge all related system configuration files.

However, apt will never remove user data. If the application created any folders and files to store user configuration or anything else in your home directory, you have to delete those manually if you want. The package manager is not supposed to touch user homes.

For more information, check Why don't programs completely uninstall (remove all their files) when I remove them?


After looking for a while I used a combination of solutions, between lightdm and and older gdm.

First, you must log for the first time and configure every monitor in the way you want.

Then, copy the ~/.config/monitors.xml file to /var/lib/gdm3/.config folder.

Log out and gdm should be using your configuration


Just do:

  sudo apt-get remove ubuntu-gnome-desktop gnome-shell gdm

and gnome shell shall be removed(I had to say it like that). Don't worry, unity will work fine.

In case you want to uninstall all the unneeded software gnome-ubnutu installs check out: Remove ubuntu-gnome-desktop?

Edit1: to remove gnome flashback, do:

  sudo apt-get remove gnome-session-flashback


Can I install Ubuntu from an ISO file on Windows?

When you mount an ISO image as a virtual disk, this happens at the OS level. Not at the hardware level. When your running operating system stops, the virtual device goes away. So no, it is not possible to boot a physical machine from a virtual drive.

Whether or not you need to create physical installation media depends on how you want to install Ubuntu:

If you want Ubuntu installed separately from Windows--either alongside it or replacing it--then you need to create real physical installation media. You can burn the ISO image to a DVD (or to a CD, if you're installing Ubuntu 12.04 or earlier). Or you can write it to a USB flash drive.

If you want to install Ubuntu inside Windows with Wubi (so that it is contained within the pre-existing Windows partition and booted using the Windows boot loader), then you do not need to create physical installation media:

If you have mounted the ISO image as a virtual disk, just run wubi.exe on the virtual disk. This will install a Wubi Ubuntu system.
Alternatively, just put wubi.exe (you can download it here) in the same folder as the ISO image, preferably with no other files. Make sure you use the right version of wubi.exe--it must be for the same version of Ubuntu as the ISO image itself. Then just run wubi.exe, and it will automatically detect and use the contents of the ISO image.

If you are doing one of these things and it is not working, then:

Check the integrity of the ISO image you downloaded.
If what you're doing involves physical installation media (a CD/DVD or a USB flash drive), make sure you're creating it properly, if it's a CD/DVD try burning it at the slowest possible speed, and whether it's CD/DVD/USB, if you can even begin to boot from it, then check the installation media itself for defects (see also this video).


Importing users that will be installed by programs

No, it will not cause problems.

Creating users from random software is done with a check where is tested  if the user already exists.

And there is a better method for creating users. The command newusers {file} where {file} is in the format

loginname:password:uid:gid:comment:home_dir:shell

(and yes, that is the password file format) will create all the users in that file where existing users are skipped. It will also create the home directories (where yours will not).

See the newusers manpage for some tips and tricks (the password field is something to have a look at though since it wants plain text and not encrypted passwords).


How to cleanly swap alt and ctrl keys in xubuntu?

Quick answer: instead of alt win:ctrl_alt_win, you should use ctrl:swap_lalt_lctl to swap alt and ctrl keys.

Reference: type man keyboard, deep in, and you will find file /usr/share/doc/keyboard-configuration/xorg.lst contains options you need.


Can't apply 'Use connection only for resources on this network'

Try removing the 192.168.100.1 text in the Gateway box.


Proxy permission denied when executing wget command

To have your terminal and wget have internet access through a proxy, you must edit the following files:

/etc/bash.bashrc
/etc/environment
/etc/wgetrc

Which must contain these parameters:

/etc/bash.bashrc

export http_proxy=http://username:password@proxyserver.net:port/
export https_proxy=http://username:password@proxyserver.net:port/
export ftp_proxy=http://username:password@proxyserver.net:port/

/etc/environment

http_proxy=http://username:password@proxyserver.net:port/
https_proxy=http://username:password@proxyserver.net:port/
ftp_proxy=http://username:password@proxyserver.net:port/

/etc/wgetrc:

http_proxy=http://username:password@proxyserver.net:port/
https_proxy=http://username:password@proxyserver.net:port/
ftp_proxy=http://username:password@proxyserver.net:port/
use_proxy = on

Edited 08-11-2016

To edit files, not directories, you must:

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

exec sudo -i
nano /etc/bash.bashrc
nano /etc/environment
nano /etc/wgetrc

In order to add the aforementioned lines where:

username = your username for the proxy if it exists
password = your password for the proxy if it exists
proxyserver.net = name or IP address of the proxy
port = port number of the proxy


Looks like you missed this step

Enable some modules of Apache.

a2enmod userdir
a2enmod suexec

for complete guide : http://askqueries.com/install-mooshak-online-judge-ubuntu-linux/


Software center install name to package installed without diffing dpkg output

The package name for a given application is listed by Version on its details page.


ping won't glob netmasks or wildcards.

You can flood ping the broadcast address of a subnet and monitor replies, though many routers will refuse to route ICMP over broadcast, because this is generally seens as abusive traffic. Additionally, only root can floodping with a zero interval.

For example:

ping -fb <BROADCAST ADDRESS>

Instead, you really ought to use NMAP in a friendly way.

ETA: if what you want is a list of node replies, we can get a little more clever:

ping -b -c 2 -i 20 <BROADCAST ADDRESS>

Where -b permits pinging a broadcast address, -c 2 tells ping to send two pings, -i 20 tells ping to wait twenty seconds between them.

What this gets you is a near-instant list of replies with a twenty-second wait before termination, followed by traffic statistics. The reason to make two ping echo requests is because if you set -c 1, ping will terminate on the very first response that it receives. We set twenty seconds between the two so that the list of replies is somewhat readable. It's a hack, but it works.

From here, you could suppress statistics output by piping to head -n-4 and then do useful awk tricks, sort, uniq and the like to build a useful one-liner report.


Is it possible to run wndows 8.1 on vmware player on a Ubuntu Pc?

Just install Windows 8.1 inside vmware like any other virtual machine.  Then use your software inside of that virtual machine just as you would with a native 8.1 platform.


Check what ports on a local firewall are open to the outside

The best solution is probably to ask the system administrator which is the actual port, or in case you can log into the machine somehow (i.e. locally) check with 'netstat -tulpen' or something like that, to identify the ssh port.

If you really want to scan the ports, it is as simple as:

(*Warning: make sure your system/network administrator is OK with you using nmap)

nmap IP_Of_SERVER

Or adding some options...

sudo nmap -P0 -sV -A -T4 -p1-5000 IP_Of_SERVER

This will show you the status of the ports from 1 to 5000.

You can use another upper limit (default is 1 to 1024). But if they changed the default port, it might probably be in somewhere far enough to make it more difficult to find.

The -sV option makes checks on open ports to determine the actual service running on the port.

The -P0 is to make sure you get to the machine even if ping is filtered, and -A will show you (among other things) the service and version running at each port. The -T4 makes it faster (but also the network admins angrier...).


What exactly does Ubuntu share with other Debian based distributions?

All Debian-based distributions share the Debian package archive either directly or (in the case of Ubuntu) by making their own rebuilds of it. Thanks to this a Debian-based distribution instantly has effectively every piece of software you'll ever need available in a package. We also get the upgrades and bug fixes for these packages made by the 1000 or so Debian Developers.

We also all share the dpkg and apt package management tools. Dpkg provides the most reliable package install/uninstall/upgrade as it is transactional. If a package has an issue installing the install is rolled back completely, you don't get something half-installed. Apt provides powerful dependency resolution and allows us to provide three levels of dependencies to ensure users get the best experience from the package but are still able to make some customizations to the packages installed by choosing to install or not a packages Recommends and Suggests lists.

Once you get below the general look and feel differences you may notice some of the best aspects of Ubuntu are actually from Debian. This is by design, we are deliberately trying to take those advantages and build on them. All other Debian-based distributions will have those same advantages.


Turn cron job commands into executable script that can run manually

Create some scripts

sudo nano /usr/local/bin/rsync_html

#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/rsync -av --delete /var/www/html /media/stan/Seagate\ Expansion\ Drive/backups/

sudo nano /usr/local/bin/rsync_documents

#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/rsync -av --delete /home/stan/documents /media/stan/Seagate\ Expansion\ Drive/backups/

sudo nano /usr/local/bin/rsync_backups

#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/rsync -av --delete /var/backups /media/stan/Seagate\ Expansion\ Drive/backups/

sudo nano /usr/local/bin/backup_mysql

#!/bin/bash
mysqldump -u root -ppassword --all-databases | gzip > /media/stan/Seagate\ Expansion\ Drive/backups/mysql/mysqlbak-$(date "+\%Y-\%m-\%d_\%H:\%M:\%S").sql.gz

Make the scripts executable

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/rsync_html
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/rsync_documents
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/rsync_backups
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/backup_mysql

Change your crontab

44 4 * * * /usr/local/bin/rsync_html
33 3 * * * /usr/local/bin/rsync_documents
02 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/rsync_backups
44 1 * * * /usr/local/bin/backup_mysql

Create some desktop files

nano ~/.local/share/applications/scrip1.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=rsync html
Exec=/usr/local/bin/rsync_html
Icon=
Categories=
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=true

nano ~/.local/share/applications/scrip2.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=rsync documents
Exec=/usr/local/bin/rsync_documents
Icon=
Categories=
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=true

nano ~/.local/share/applications/scrip3.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=rsync backup
Exec=/usr/local/bin/rsync_backups
Icon=
Categories=
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=true

nano ~/.local/share/applications/scrip4.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=backup mysql
Exec=/usr/local/bin/backup_mysql
Icon=
Categories=
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=true


If you can access a terminal on that server, try to update the network settings like here in that server's /etc/network/interfaces file.


ubuntu does not restart after installation

The prompt asking the user to remote the media sometimes does not come up - bug #966480


Ubuntu 14.04 login loop - Guest sessions does not work either

I solved a similar problem by erasing the file "/etc/shadow.lock". I tried this, because I had no chance to create new users... There is a second lock-file, named "passwd.lock". Only removing this file did not solve the problem.

Maybe this could work to escape from the guest-session loop. I will test this solution with other computers, when this error appears again.


Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS - NetworkManager not appearing in Ubuntu

Network manager in itself is a service, not a gui for its settings, so it really depends on what are you ACTUALLY trying to achieve...
A) I don't really need the icon, I just want to change some settings or connect to a network (assuming network-manager is running)

Ubuntu system GUIs often have an application called something like "System settings" - I found it in Unity and Cinnamon (so I expect Gnome has one too) - run that application and in there search for "Network" - there you can usually make some basic WiFi settings & connect
more "hardcore" terminal "GUI" but very capable: nmtui or sudo nmtui
for simple gui settings nm-connection-editor - only rich settings, no connect (except auto)

B) I need the icon to be there
You may encounter a situation when you're doing this for a basic user therefore going somewhere further than 2 clicks is beyond their PC skills... so you really NEED the icon #thisreallyhappens  or you just love it.
The "icon" is usually there through an "applet" which may crashed or something, we will try to revive it through terminal:

Try to kill all instances of the applet and re-run it: killall nm-applet; nm-applet &
Exit the terminal with CTRL+D  (you may have to press it 2x, it will exit the terminal without killing the nm-applet), alternativelly just nohup nm-applet & for the run should work without this
The icon is still not there? Or does it disappear after the restart?

Try to fix your special nm-applet.desktop file as described
here: https://askubuntu.com/a/529287/277898
It may be a problem of the System tray applet missing in general (or maybe just the network one) - for that you need to open the "Applets" application and fix it there as described here: https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/280807/223991

C) Get the network-manager service working in the first place

Make sure it's installed sudo apt install network-manager on gnome and gnome-based GUIs like cinnamon or MATE you will probably also need the *-gnome versions of packagessudo apt install network-manager-gnome (similarly for all plugin packages you're installing for the network-manager (like the ones OP tried to install))
Check whether or not the service is running sudo service network-manager status

Not running?

Start it => sudo service network-manager start
Errors? => fix the startup errors first
Check the status again sudo service network-manager status

Already running?

sudo service network-manager stop - wait till it finishes!
sudo service network-manager start - wait till it finishes!
and check the status again sudo service network-manager status
Is it running? (if not, fix errors first), but still no icons? Try to reboot/restart PC, if still no icon is there, but the service IS running, you can continue with B)

And finally, what OP mentioned:
sudo apt-get install network-manager-openvpn network-manager-openvpn-gnome network-manager-pptp network-manager-pptp-gnome network-manager-vpnc network-manager-vpnc-gnome network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome - those are just common PLUGINS for network-manager to allow you to set-up a VPN connection with some security & certificates settings, they're useful for THAT, but they actually have nothing to do with the network-manager itself nor its icon ;)


Does Ubuntu 14.10 support Ubuntu builder?

The question needs to be reversed: does Ubuntu Builder support Ubuntu 14.10

And the answer is probably no since Ubuntu Builder was discontinued around 2014-02-12 or it might be yes, with limited support. ubuntu builder alternative or replacement suggests Ubuntu Customization Kit

Might I offer a solution that will always work? Use the manual method and forget about tools like Ubuntu Builder. It will teach you a lot about the inner workings of an operating system and it will also make it possible for you to investigate alterations you want to make where a tool like Ubuntu Builder will restrict you to what the tool can offer.

I have written an example based of Ubuntu Server: How to create a Customized Ubuntu Server ISO? That will allow you to pick your own desktop or desktops if you want more than 1. Or make your own server based install. Imagine a live dvd with apache, mysql, php pre-installed but also that website you made all ready to go from the Live DVD with a shortcut on the desktop to that website and/or pre-made documents about that website.

And we also have How to customize the Ubuntu Live CD? that is about editing an Ubuntu with already a desktop in the Live DVD.


How do you get large prevews of files like with Apple Finder?

This works with Ubuntu 18.04 and 18.10

Search for the file that you want to preview in 'Files'.

After the search results appear, change the icon style by clicking the icon right next to the search magnifying glass. It will end up showing big thumbnails or 'previews' as you can see with the mac.


Swap problems after upgrading from 14.04 to 16.06

You need to start Ubuntu from CD or USB, then select the option "try ubuntu", run GParted.

If required delete the old swap partition and create a new swap partition.

/etc/fstab should have a line similar to this

UUID=some-unique-id-for-the-partition swap swap defaults 0 0

to get the unique id runblkid in terminal


Removing the white dots from lightdm on 15.04

Install Ubuntu Tweak. It still works although it hasn't been updated for a while. You can download the deb package from here: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu-tweak
Start Ubuntu Tweak, go to Tweaks > Startup > Login Settings. There you should be able to "Unlock" Root privileges and select some LDM Preferences like "Draw Grid".


is there a way to get ubuntu 20.04 to switch between a amd gpu to a nvidia gpu

If you're talking about switching between the GPU's in realtime to use for the host  machine on the same X server instance no, you can do very super specific tasks like hash computations and mining on a different GPU that is plugged in but generally for things like games or display it is not possible to do without SLI.
If you're talking about KVM GPU passthrough, absolutely, as long as you isolate it to the KVM instance the host won't do anything with the other card.


what happened to json_encode in 13.10 php?

Install php5-json:

sudo apt-get install php5-json

This used to be provided by php5-common but that has changed in Saucy. No idea why and seems like a silly thing to do but it's very simple to fix.

After the installation, make sure to also restart the Apache2 server:

sudo service apache2 restart


Dropdown terminal showing different font type. How can I correct this issue? (Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, DE - Ubuntu)

The Wiki for the project has this little tidbit:

Changing the font
For the moment, Drop Down Terminal uses the system monofont as font. To change it, use: gnome-tweak-tool → Fonts

Perhaps you could open a feature request with the developer?


how to drive a 1080p monitor from a lenovo thinkpad T60?

It would be interesting to know, if cold-booting in its dock would have solved the problem too. And: if the problem occurs again, if cold-bootet undocked and plugged in as you tried at first.
In my experience, reinstalling ubuntu does not solve driver-problems, only config-errors...


How to encrypt a single folder on my external hard drive?

I have used encfs for such a task.

It allows you to mount the folder to encrypt onto an empty folder. After that, everything you put under the mount point will be encrypted. When you unmount the folder, your crypted data is no longer visible, until you mount it again.

There is also a GUI, in the package cryptkeeper.


Kernel upgrade 3.5.0-39-generic prevents virtual box from running

Try to install linux-headers and dkms for your kernel version:

sudo aptitude install linux-headers-3.5.0-39-generic dkms

and do not forget to do that for include the driver in the kernel:

sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup

Also be sure that vboxusers group is activated in your username group.

I hope all this could help you. I have the same version of the kernel that yours, and VirtualBox runs flawlessly...


How to provide a password while executing `mysqldump` through shell script

As far as I understand you, it's the command you're running that asks for password. Your line is:

mysqldump -uve -p -R -E --single-transaction --databases mydb|gzip > /home/user/mydb_bkup.gz

If we head over to man mysql, we read the following:

  The password to use when connecting to the server. If you use the short option form (-p), you cannot have a space between the option and the password. If you omit the password value following the --password or -p option on the command line, mysql prompts for one.

You have not specified anything - because the shell threats space as an argument separator. Either set a password for the mysql user, remove -p from the command.txt file, or... modify your command to the following:

mysqldump -uve --password="" -R -E --single-transaction --databases mydb|gzip > /home/user/mydb_bkup.gz

Here we explicitly specify a blank password.


Tomate

RELEASE=`sed -n 's/VERSION_ID="\(.*\)"/\1/p' /etc/os-release`
sudo wget -O- http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/eliostvs:/tomate/xUbuntu_$RELEASE/Release.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo bash -c "echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/eliostvs:/tomate/xUbuntu_$RELEASE/ ./' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/tomate.list"
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install tomate-gtk


Bluetooth audio doesn't work - Ubuntu Gnome

After successful connecting of the bluetooth speaker, try
sudo -i pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover

If that then allows you to select the speaker as an output device, you can make the following changes:

nano /etc/pulse/default.pa

Comment out the following lines:

#.ifexists module-bluetooth-discover.so
#load-module module-bluetooth-discover
#.endif

Then in:

nano /usr/bin/start-pulseaudio-x11

Find the following lines and add after them:

if [ x”$SESSION_MANAGER” != x ] ; then
/usr/bin/pactl load-module module-x11-xsmp “display=$DISPLAY session_manager=$SESSION_MANAGER” > /dev/null
fi

# Add the following lines:
/usr/bin/pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover
# /usr/bin/pactl load-module module-switch-on-connect #<-- Uncomment to automatically select speaker on connection


If it's been without updates for more than a month or so, I treat any Internet-touching system as hacked. It's just not worth assuming there isn't a trojan or something equally horrible running on there. In your case you have systems that are years of serious security issues behind the curve.

So, no good news from me. You've got a bit of work to do I'm afraid.

Work out what these machines did and backup unique data.

If there is working data (eg websites, databases, etc) get ready to pick those apart with a fine comb. Abandoned Wordpress, Drupal, PHPBB, etc sites are wonderful things for hacking. You get all sorts of mucky shells laid in there and often —once hacked— admin credentials are injected into the databases.

If these are just desktops or internal-only (by firewall) servers you have less to do.
Nuke from orbit and reinstall a current LTS.

Ubuntu 14.04 or wait a month or two and go 16.04. These have five years support from release so set a reminder.

Don't upgrade. I'm serious. Not only is upgrading from 9.04 hard (you have to fake repo locations and upgrade multiple times, but so much has changed between these ancient versions and what we use today. It's simply easier to install afresh.
Redeploy the services.

Essentially restoring everything that was running in step one. Chances are you can do a better job of laying it out too. Perhaps integrate some CI or testing to automate the maintenance tasks your predecessor hated to do.

Think of this as an opportunity ☺ There's other stuff you can cram into this cycle too. Hardware upgrades. Consolidation. All the sort of stuff you wouldn't want to try out on a live server.

It is always tempting to cut corners, especially when you have a job like this foisted on you. I've been there. Your predecessor was neglectful and you have an uphill battle ahead of you. Given your experience I wouldn't even bemoan you wanting to switch to a Red Hat derivative at this point. If it really makes your life easier, make it so.

Just make sure that you do a better job for the next guy.


Chain load using Plop.

Download Plop & burn as a disk image to CDR/W then you will be able to boot from the Plop CD itself, which in turn will allow you to boot from USB.  It enables booting from USB without BIOS support.  All you need do is create a live Ubuntu USB stick.


You want to Assemble your array, not create it. See the man page (mdadm).

Once you do that, back up all your data and start over with a RAID 6 + spare. A linear set basically concatenates all the drive to maximize storage. It also means that if you lose even one of those drives, all of your data is gone.

https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/RAID_setup#Linear_mode

"Ok, so you have two or more partitions (emphasis mine) which are not necessarily the same size (but of course can be), which you want to append to each other.
Spare-disks are not supported here. If a disk dies, the array dies with it. ..."


Wake-On-Lan not working on Ubuntu; works completely out of the box on Windows 10

The feature was disabled on the driver for these devices. From the Arch Wiki:

  For some newer Atheros-based NICs (such as Atheros AR8161 and Killer
  E2500), WOL support has been disabled in the mainline alx module due
  to a bug causing unintentional wake-up (see this patch
  discussion). A
  patch can be applied (or installed as a
  dkms module)
  which both restores WOL support and fixes the underlying bug, as
  outlined in this
  thread.

The kernel bugzilla thread has updated versions of the patch, but doesn't seem to show any activity that might indicate a fix will be merged. 6 years since it was disabled, I don't know if it will ever be enabled upstream. It might be worth it to file a Launchpad bug and hope that Ubuntu devs will apply the patch. (Mine is a Killer E2500, running Arch Linux with kernel 5.4.14-arch1-1, so I don't have that option.)


How can I install both Windows 7 and Ubuntu 14.04?

Create a LiveCD or USB drive with the bootable Ubuntu image on it. Boot into the CD or USB drive and select "Try Ubuntu" then on the Ubuntu desktop open the "Install Ubuntu 14.04 LTS" icon. Follow the on screen instructions and when you get to the "Installation Type" screen choose to install Ubuntu alongside your Windows 7. If it does not work or you need any more assistance, please leave a comment.


The same procedure as for any other Ubuntu-based system:

disclaimer

I've never used btrfs RAID. The solution is tested only on single-volume btrfs root partitions

Make sure, there are no /@ and /@home subvolumes on the candidate for root.
Launch the Ubuntu installer, and choose something else when it asks you about disk partitioning.
Mark your btrfs partition as root filesystem, but don't let the installer reformat it.
Arrange all the other partitions as you like. I always choose to use external /boot partition on gpt systems, so I can later migrate into something more advanced (e.g. bcache) or whatever. (On gpt you can have as many partitions as you want, so I see no real drawback of using dedicated /boot.)
Finish the installation.

The installer will make the @ and @home subvolumes for you. Later you can rename them into something different - just be sure you also update the new name on both /etc/fstab and /boot/grub/grub.cfg.

Tested on Ubuntu 14.04, Mint 16, Mint 15, Ubuntu 13.10 and Ubuntu 13.04.


I made a small C#/Mono program to make a QT phrasebook out of a .ts file:

https://github.com/galgalesh/PhrasebookMaker


Firstly I don't know of anything existing like this. Secondly this is not a full answer, just parts, but I can't post a comment only answers.

I have done part of this, opening a gnome-terminal that resumes command history of a previous terminal session (I used this to capture commands during lengthy software testing). You don't need to capture the history separately, just specify what file the terminal should use. Call this script "myterm":

#/bin/bash

TERMDIR=~/.myterms
if [ ! -d $TERMDIR ] ; then
    mkdir $TERMDIR
fi

TERMUID=$1
if [ -z "$TERMUID" ] ; then
    # generate unique id for new terminal
    TERMUID="`basename \`tty\``-`date +'%s'`"
fi

HISTFILE=$TERMDIR/$TERMUID gnome-terminal

So executing myterm without an argument will place a new history file in TERMDIR. If later you execute myterm with one of the filenames in TERMDIR as an argument, it resumes that terminal's history. If you have a fixed set of terminals, you could also dispense with random uid generation and just use fixed names.

I realise you want to do a lot more than this, but one requirement is not clear to me - if you close a terminal manually, do you need to forget it? i.e. remove its history and not re-open on login? That may be a little tricky as I'm not sure how to detect manual closure as opposed to forced close during logout or shutdown.

Re-opening the terminals on login is simple enough by scanning TERMDIR; i.e. the existence of the history file flags that the terminal is needed.

More difficult is changing to the last working directory. Each child terminal knows its directory at the time it closes, via $PWD, but ofc  myterm can't read the child environment to write this to a store. No problem if it is known, however; just use

HISTFILE=$TERMDIR/$TERMUID gnome-terminal --working-directory somedir

You may need to write a monitor that runs during your user session to

detect when a terminal is closed and remove its history
periodically detect working directory and store this

depending on your requirements.


Thats not room temperature , that's the temperature of your CPU. Processor will get heated after you start working with that.  You can get CPU, GPU temparature by using those sensors.


Why does Kubuntu show an update that apparently doesn't exist? / Why is my update notification incorrect?

This is a known bug with Plasma that is reported to be fixed in a newer version of Plasma 5.16.0 which is not available by default on versions of Kubuntu lower than 19.10.

Kubuntu 19.04 is currently running 5.15.4 and 18.04 on 5.12, so you may encounter this annoying bug.

The bug is related to flatpaks.  If you have flatpaks enabled in KDE's Discover, at least some packages are not update-able via Discover.

You can easily workaround the issue and fix in the terminal by running

flatpak update

This will update the outdated flatpak that Discover was unable to update and should make your persistent notification about a "phantom" update go away.

In this case, the flatpak affected was an Nvidia driver but the bug reports mention others as well.

Use the info below only if you are familar with Linux, it is not a noob friendly section and only included to add some info from the comments

As mentioned in the comments below you can use  Kubuntu Backports PPA to get a recent version of Plasma that will remove this issue, but it is very much a use at your own risk solution  I could pull in less stable versions of Plasma packages that are still being tested.  Only use this if you are familiar with how to purge PPAS and are willing to take the risk. (also this ppa should be purged before upgrading to the newer versions of Kubuntu to avoid problems)

I used this backport with no issues but your experience may very.  I am not offering this as a solution only as information for the braver users.  This warning is a copy and paste from the ppa description:

  This PPA will receive major version updates backported from later
  Kubuntu releases (and our development release)


Why do I get "Wi-fi is disabled by hardware switch" after upgrade to 13.04?

If there is not a switch then usually a key combination turns it on like fn +f2. You may have to go to the manufacturers site and look at the documentation.


Is it good to operate the CPU at 71 degree Celcius

Definitely it is not a good sign. Try to reduce it. On running virtual machines in any laptops (using i3) will probably overheat your laptop and also makes your fan's speed to increase to improve the cooling rate.

To solve this issue the driver which you installed is not the solution. Because it may cause your fan to undesired effects. Your problem may be due to the RAM capacity.

Before RAM upgrade

I used my lenovo laptop using i3 3110M ivy-bridge processor with 2GB RAM, 1GB dedicated NVidia graphics processor for running High-end games and virtual machines which made overheating of 70 to 78 degrees of Celsius with high-speed sounds from fan.

I came to know this will seriously reduce the life of the laptop. After searching many forums and websites i found that increasing the RAM capacity will not only boost the performance and speed of the system but it will also increase the life of CPU due to overheating.

After RAM upgrade

After upgrading the RAM capacity of my laptop from 2GB to 6GB system became smoother and the temperature reduced to 54 degree celcius which is normal.

Normal CPU temperature details can be found here. Your laptop is probably ivybridge. See its range.
http://www.buildcomputers.net/cpu-temperature.html

I advice upgrade your RAM from 4 GB to 6 GB or 8 GB for usage of VM(Emulators also) and High graphical purposes.


You have installed the Desktop version. As "Convergence" has not yet taken place the "Tablet"/Ubuntu touch interface is not yet merged with the desktop experience.

You may be able to install it(in Ubuntu 13.10), but it is still something in development, and would not be a fully functional tablet experience, or fully integrated. More information about "Unity8Desktop" http://linuxg.net/unity-8-is-now-available-for-testing-on-ubuntu-13-10-saucy-salamander/

To install, in terminal:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install unity8

Then Type to launch:

unity8

Again this is still in development, it is not done yet.

Full desktop convergence may be delayed even further: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/11/ubuntu-tablet-will-key-focus-ubuntu-14-04-lts-cycle


Unable to set custom resolution through xrandr

You can try and generate the modeline with

cvt [width] [height] [hz]

Then create the mode with

xrandr --newmode [part of modeline after word Modeline]

And finally select it with

xrandr --addmode [newmode]

Apologies if you already did all this, it was not obvious from what you posted.


Destination unreachable with ping6 between two local machines

IPv6 address range 2001:db8::/32 is reserved for documentation only and packets with these addresses should never exist on a network. All routers must discard packet with such addresses. Use another address range, e.g. Unique LocaL Addresses fd00::/8 (RFC 4193). If you want to get connection to internet, ask your provider for an ipv6-address-prefix.


Problems with apt-get update (-11 -System error) and GitHub

Configure your network to use another name server (DNS server) as the current one is failing to resolve the hostnames. Typically your home router has configured a DNS server which it uses to relay the DNS queries to. I can recommend using Google Public DNS services (8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4) to check out.

Preferably, try to change this setting in your router. If this fails, try setting it on a host-basis. I've described this earlier in another answer (an excerpt below).

  I would recommend configuring your PC properly using Network Manager.
  I'm assuming you're using DHCP on your network here (most common).
  Then do this to perform the same as equivalent to the command you were
  using:

  Open Edit connections:

  Edit the connection profile you're using.

  On the IPv4 Settings tab:

  Method: Automatic (DHCP) addresses only

  This setting makes it doing a regular DHCP request for IP address configuration of your host, but it will ignore other non-mandatory
  options like DNS servers suggested.
  DNS Servers: 8.8.8.8
  Hit Save

  Done.


If filenames contain spaces you should use

locate -0 $something | xargs -0 rm

From locate man page:

  -0, --null Separate the entries on output using the ASCII NUL character instead of writing each entry on a separate line.  This option is designed for interoperability with the --null option of GNU xargs(1).

or

locate $something | while read f; do rm "$f"; done

Also, you should protect *.orig with quotes, to avoid the shell expansion, and pass it to locate untouched.


How to find and list all the symbolic links created for a particular file?

Here is an example:

find -L /dir/to/start -xtype l -samefile ~/Pictures

or, maybe better:

find -L /dir/to/start -xtype l -samefile ~/Pictures 2>/dev/null

to get rid of some errors like Permission denied, Too many levels of symbolic links, or File system loop detected which find throws them when doesn't have the right permissions or other situations.

-L - Follow symbolic links.
-xtype l - File is symbolic link
-samefile name - File refers to the same inode as name. When -L is  in  effect, this can include symbolic links.

Notes:

Use lowercase L in -xtype l, not the digit 1.
On macOS / Darwin, -xtype is -type.


A newer kernel indicates that an HWE Kernel is installed on the LTS release. That is normal behavior.
An older kernel indicates that either:

The system is not up-to-date (needs a sudo apt update/upgrade), or
The Admin has chosen to NOT use HWE. Some enterprises choose to keep older kernels to avoid breaking their workflow. Some (advanced) individual users also occasionally make this choice to keep older software working.

Instructions: How to change to/from HWE.

Advice: For most users, the kernel version does not much matter either way. Whether you use HWE or not, just keep your system up to date.


Can't install gksu. Says it can't find it

When you go to the developer site it states: gksu is being replaced by PolicyKit, please take a look at http://live.gnome.org/gksu (link dead; see https://wiki.gnome.org/Attic/gksu ). It says there ...

  gksu

  gksu is a library and application used to ask the user for passwords
  to run programs as root. It is not a good option now that we have
  PolicyKit. Still, we still have applications which are not written to
  take advantage of the PolicyKit framework, and since making
  applications use it usually involves structural changes, a new version
  of gksu will provide functionality similar to the one provided by the
  current gksu to cover applications which still haven't been patched to
  use PolicyKit. The new gksu will use PolicyKit as backend, instead of
  su and sudo. This page intends to work as a notebook for
  planning/designing that new version.

  Show me the code

  Code is being written, and you can fetch it by using git:

$ git clone git://git.debian.org/~kov/gksu-polkit.git/

  General Architecture

  The new gksu will be composed of three parts:

  an activable dbus system service able to run programs as root or other users, using PolicyKit to enforce policy
  a library providing a simple API that talks to this service an application that is client of the above library, and allows people to
  run programs in a way similar to the one they are able to do with current gksu

So if you want the newest version use the above.

Otherwise check Ubuntu software center, open up Universe, update the sources and you can install it from either USC...

... or from command line with

sudo apt-get install gksu


How do I copy files from Linux to Windows 10 using WinSCP?

Question 1:

The second one: 118.xxx.xx.xx - this is your public IP address (although if both computers are on the same network - you may use any of them)

Question 2:

Yes (unless you change it). 22 is the default port for SSH (apparently - SCP too, since it uses SSH for connections). However, many change it to something else to avoid attacks.

Question 3:

Yes.

Question 4:

sshd - the SSH daemon.

Install openssh-server.
Copy the existing /etc/ssh/sshd_config to a backup.
Edit the (non-backup) /etc/ssh/sshd_config
For security, you may want to change Port 22 in the above file to a higher number (2020, for example)
Save.
Allow the port in the firewall - sudo ufw allow {port number}.
Start sshd - sudo service ssh start

Now you can access your computer's files using {port number you chose}

Question 5:

You'll need to use a chroot jail - see this.


debootstrap --include not working as expected

The problem was that it was missing the "universe" repository.  Fixed by adding it:

debootstrap \
  --include=systemd-container \
  --components=main,restricted,universe,multiverse \
  eoan ubuntu/


Where can I store other files other than /opt for the application contest?

In your Quickly project directory. Once you run quickly ubuntusubmit, a package will be created with everything in the /opt directory.


Executing tftp command without entering tftp command line

You can use heredoc (<<) to enter the commands to execute one after another:

tftp host <<'EOF'
Enter
Commands
Here
EOF

Example:

$ tftp localhost <<'EOF'
> ascii
> status
> quit
> EOF

tftp> tftp> Connected to localhost.
Mode: netascii Verbose: off Tracing: off
Rexmt-interval: 5 seconds, Max-timeout: 25 seconds
tftp>

$

If you desired tftp command is

get file1 /home/foobar/test.txt

you can do:

$ tftp host <<'EOF'
> get file1 /home/foobar/test.txt
> quit
> EOF


How to prevent a kiosk running Ubuntu 13.10 showing the update dialog popup window?

install dconf-editor by typing :  sudo apt-get install dconf-editor
`
Now open it using: sudo dconf-editor
go to com->ubuntu->update-notifer-> no-show-notifications and
enable it

.

You can do that same using command line by typing :dconf write /com/ubuntu/update-notifier/no-show-notifations true


After enabling debug logs, I've found the solution

The issue was

There are two groups in our local ISP, we can see using :

root@rahul-home:~# pppoe-discovery
AC-Ethernet-Address: 00:07:e9:a5:a8:85
Access-Concentrator: spidernet
       Service-Name: spidernet
--------------------------------------------------
AC-Ethernet-Address: 00:27:0e:14:d1:04
Access-Concentrator: Fivenet
       Service-Name: 5network
--------------------------------------------------

the calling number which I was asking it is actually ACNAME 00:07:e9:a5:a8:85 i.e spider.

Now the question is How do I set fix ACNAME and Service name ?

I've checked man pages but haven't found related to the same, but after Googling I've found the the solution, which is Bug reported in 2010, but still not updated man pages.

and the solution

we need to go to the /etc/ppp/peers/dsl-provider configuration file. There is a line:
plugin rp-pppoe.so ethX

Where we can specify multiple options such as:

plugin rp-pppoe.so rp_pppoe_service SERVICE_NAME rp_pppoe_ac ACCESS_CONCENTRATOR ethX


Why can't I gpg-sign the Ubuntu Code of Conduct?

Let's do everything in memory to avoid any file permissions, etc. issue:

sudo apt-get install xsel (xsel allows terminal programs to copy/paste from the clipboard)
wget -O- https://launchpad.net/codeofconduct/1.1/+download | gpg --clearsign | xsel --clipboard

wget pipes the Code of Conduct into gpg, which pipes the signed output/signature to xsel, which pipes it into the clipboard so you can directly paste it with Ctrl+V on the Launchpad page.
This may fail the first time because of the wait caused by the graphical GPG passphrase dialog; just do it again and it will go through because the passphrase is cached for a few minutes.


Ubuntu 16.10 RealTek r8169 capping speeds at 100mb

Basic sanity: do you have your units right? Is it capped at 100 Mega bit per second (100Mbps ~ 12MBps) or 100 Mega Byte per second? Because the latter is the realistic speed for a 1Gbit link.

Also make sure you're not measuring WiFi speed, as you do have an internal IP address assigned to both interfaces. If wlan (your WiFi) is used as default route, depending on the link quality, you might be experiencing slower that Ethernet speeds. To check the default route, open a Terminal. When terminal is open, type the following command:

ip route | grep default

Good luck.


su starts an interactive shell. If you want it to run explicit commands, use the -c option. In your case, I think that your script would become:

su -c 'whoami; pwd' sys_osrqa


In Ubuntu 17.10, how do I delete existing mobile broadband connections?

You can launch another GUI connection manager by running the following command in Terminal

nm-connection-editor

Once the window appears, select the connection you want to remove and delete it by clicking on the "-" (minus) symbol.


Ubuntu 19.04 nodejs and npm wont run show Aborted (core dump)

Yes I added an amendment and now see a comment hinting at the cause let me clarify my error.
This is really messed up.

If you run node you get the version
'which nodejs' points to in /usr/bin/nodejs
but if you ask
'which node' you get /usr/local/bin/node

This confusion is likely why npm fails because it's using the wrong version of node.

Out of the box apt list nodejs shows nodejs/disco 10.15.2~dfsg-1 amd64 while which node or which nodejs and calling it all come up with missing not found.

after apt install npm I get these results
which npm = /usr/bin/npm

npm -v = 5.8.0

which node = /usr/bin/node

which nodejs = /usr/bin/nodejs

node --version = v10.15.2

nodejs --version = v10.15.2

Next I install 'n' via npm install -g n and follow through adding n 11.8.0 the only version still working properly for me.

still all nodes point to 10.15.2 but it's installed into /usr/local/n/versions/node/11.8.0

that has in it's bin the node and a link to npm

npm -> ../lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js

so 'n' is not installing the version properly.

I think I'll end up getting (my node version of choice aka last that actually works) node-v11.8.0-linux-x64 manually from nodejs download link and build a proper installer [copy it over and link it up]. It's just I use this for developing as well and it was handy to have npm and 'n' but it's not working so?


You may have better luck with transmission-daemon and for magnet links you may use extensions like ".torrent to transmission"


unable to initialize libusb could be because there is no USB controllers present on the Server. You can check it out by executing the following command:

lspci | grep USB

In your case, there would be no output, indicating the absence of USB controllers. If so, then add one. I have not worked much on VMs, so I can't tell anything about that, but upon googling, I found several pages that might help you, including this .


Unable to configure USB modem for 3G wifi dongle in Ubuntu Desktop 14.04.3 LTS

I resolved the issue myself and got my internet connection to work. Not all the information available on the internet is organized. I will try to put forward the solution in a concise manner. I am using a Tata Photon Max Wifi dongle (EC315).

Steps:

Open a terminal window with root privileges and run the "lsusb" command.
Identify your device by the name of the manufacturer (Eg: Huawei) and note down the Vendor ID and Product ID details (Eg: 12d1:1f01).
Go to the /etc folder and check if there is a usb_modeswitch.conf file. If not, then usb_modeswitch needs to be installed first.
Go to the /usr/share/usb_modeswitch folder. Inside, there will be an archive file called configPack.tar.gz. Extract the contents of the file in a separate location and identify the config file corresponding to your device. For example, it may be named as 12d1:1f01 depending upon the output of your lsusb command.
Note the following values from that file: TargetVendor and MessageContent.
Edit the /etc/usb_modeswitch.conf file and append the following lines:

DefaultVendor= 0x12d1
DefaultProduct= 0x1f01
TargetVendor= 0x12d1
TargetProduct= 0x0031
MessageContent="5553424312345678000000000000061e000000000000000000000000000000

Please make sure that you put the right entry. DefaultVendor and DefaultProduct can be obtained from the lsusb command; TargetVendor and MessageContent from the file I mentioned above. TargetProduct will be 0x0031. 0x0031 represents a modem.
Save it and close the file.

Open a new terminal window and run the following command:

sudo usb_modeswitch ‐c /etc/usb_modeswitch.conf

This will activate your internet connection and a notification message will be displayed after a couple of seconds. The connection will be marked as a wired connection.

Please note that the changes in the usb_modeswitch.conf file need to be performed only once. However, the "sudo usb_modeswitch ‐c /etc/usb_modeswitch.conf" command may need to be run every time the computer is restarted. One may bypass this requirement by updating the ".profile" file under your home folder so that this command is executed automatically every time at logon.

I hope this will resolve the issue and the internet connection should be good to go.


Make sure gnome-power-manager is installed and running.


What chemistry software are there for Ubuntu?

Rasmol is available for *nix. It is probably the most popular molecular visualization tool around.


How to get syndaemon to work every time I restart the computer or switch accounts?

Try to config the auto generated .desktop file in ~/.config/autostart

Something like:

Exec=/bin/bash -c "sleep 10&&/usr/bin/syndaemon -i 0.5 -d -K"


Truecrypt comes with a compressed installer script. Just extract the .tar.gz file and go to the folder and click on the "truecrypt-7.1a-setup-x86" file. It will ask you for your administrator password and after entering it it will install truecrypt.


polkit not working properly in Ubuntu 16

I found the solution. The file that needs to be modified is:

/usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.UDisks2.policy

The second action, "mount a filesystem on a system device"
has at the bottom:

<allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>

which I changed to:

<allow_active>auth_admin</allow_active>


The Appearances settings has a slider for the launcher icon size - and it can go pretty high, I think. My bad - it doesn't go very high (only about 25% more than the default):

As for the second part, as I understand it, you want one launcher icon to do multiple things or you want multiple launcher icons added by you? For the former, you might have to create a custom desktop file and add actions to it. There is a detailed guide available at the Ubuntu help centre.

Essentially, it boils down to having multiple actions in the desktop file, with each action having its own Exec field, where you can put whatever command you want. For the latter, you just have to drop a desktop file in ~/.local/share/applications/ - this is also mentioned in the help centre article linked above. I'm not adding a detailed guide here, since it would essentially involve me doing CtrlA, CtrlC, CtrlV. :)
Here's a sample file I tried out (in GNOME Shell, but it should work in Unity as well).

Finally, nothing prevents you from installing Cinnamon on Ubuntu. No need to go as far as Mint.


64 bit ubuntu studio version for intel pc

Here is the link for 64bit (AMD) download and you can install in intel also

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop

All Intel Core 2 Duo and Intel Core i3, i5 and i7 support either 32 Bit or 64 bit. You will not have a problem with this. With what you might have a problem is with the amount of memory you need. For 32 Bit the minimum for a good running system is 512MB, the maximum is 4GB. For 64Bit the minimum recommended is 2GB and the maximum is "let your imagination fly!!!". I have tested 64Bit versions on 1GB and they can run very slow sometimes. The more memory the better.

If your Core 2 Duo laptop has at least 4 GB of ram I would recommend 64 bit but since it is a laptop and the more memory you have in a 64 bit the better, I would recommend sticking with the 32 Bit version. You actually don't loose to try both but for your case I would go more with the 32 Bit version (Except if it is some kind of 4GB+ Ram Laptop).


In ubuntu 17.04 gnome-builder package has dependency problem for autotools.

To fix this you need to add two packages more: autopoint, libtool-bin.

Execute this in terminal:

sudo apt install autopoint libtool-bin

In your case, you have installed autopoint already, so just install libtool-bin.


Ubuntu 12.10 - How to get sip phone Twinkle latest version working using deb or already existing package from any repository?

It looks as if Twinkle has been removed from the Ubuntu 12.10 repositories. I did a quick check at the official website, and it seems as if you can compile the program yourself. Have you taken a look at their site under the Downloads section.


Can't access uploaded image to generate thumbnail in PHP

You just need to work out your permissions correctly. If this is a web application than the user doing the file manipulation is probably www-data. So all files and directories need to be owned by the www-data group and user. And www-data should have full permissions for those files and directories.

Give www-data ownership of all files and dirs in DocumentRoot: sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www.
Change permission so www-data has rwx priveleges: sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www.
Add yourself to the www-data group  so you can make changes as well: sudo adduser <username> www-data. Logout and back in.
Read up on unix privileges and maybe tweak the permission within /var/www to be a bit tighter.


How do I specify the computer configuration before the download

All Ubuntu ISO images are available from releases.ubuntu.com and its mirrors.

Currently supported Ubuntu releases are 14.04, 16.04, and 17.10. If you want to install 17.10, you cannot use the standard "Desktop" Live CD image, as such images are no longer made for 32-bit (i386) machines. Instead, you must use the "Server" image, with a text-based installer, and install a desktop manually. Alternatively, you can install 16.04 from its i386 "Desktop" image, and upgrade to 18.04 when it is released in April.


https://discussions.apple.com/thread/8373587 No.

Easiest method would be virtualbox with macos if you really need Face Time.


where do I find my network / web log file?


I think the Launchpad bug https://launchpad.net/bugs/1280109 includes as much as there is of an answer to your question. Please feel free to add a comment to that bug report.


How can I enable double-click execution from flash drives?

Prior to Ubuntu 10.10, all files on drives formatted with the vfat file system (e.g. most flash drives) were mounted with the executable bit. This led to a couple of problems, in particular you were asked for all text files whether you want to open or execute them (Bug #14335). It was therefore decided to mark all files as not executable, but use the mount/fstab option "showexec" (which is documented in the mount man page), that's why .exe, .bat and .com are still marked as executable: https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/vfat-noexec

By the way: This change was sent upstream, so all other distributions using udisk should now show the same behaviour.

You may set the mount behavior on a per-drive (using the drive's UUID) or per-mount-label basis by adding entries in your filesystem table (/etc/fstab; see man mount and man fstab for more information.) Note that this will cause duplicate entries for every affected drive in Nautilus (and perhaps other file managers as well).

Alternatively, if you are only using your flash drive with Linux machines, you can reformat it as ext3, etx4 or similar, where the normal UNIX rights and the executable bit apply.


I found a link with several solutions, one of the latter is a program that may give you a work around. The pmount software may be a fast solution, if you try it let me know if it works please.

sudo apt-get install pmount

pmount <device> [ label ]

e.g

pmount /dev/sda1

to unmount

pumount

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Mount/USB

Hope this helps.


The solution to this is to edit the "gtk.css" in whatever theme you are using - themes do control the drop/box shadow.  I've tested this on Ubuntu 18.04.  You can edit the default at "~/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css" or, a much better idea, you can edit your own installed theme, even if that's a copy of the default theme.  Install your theme in your home directory "~/.themes/" folder and then find the "gtk.css" file in it's "gtk-3.0" folder.  Open the file in a text editor and search for "decoration" and "decoration:backdrop".  To remove the windows shadow comment out the box-shadow line and add your own set to "none" like so:

decoration
{
    border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0;
    border-width: 0px;
    /*box-shadow: 1px 12px 12px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), 0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18);*/
    box-shadow: none;
    margin: 4px;
}

decoration:backdrop
{
    border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0;
    border-width: 0px;
    /*box-shadow: 1px 12px 12px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), 0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18);*/
    box-shadow: none;
    margin: 4px;
}

Save the file.  In Settings > Appearance you'll need to load the theme - if you were already using it change the them to another theme and then change it back to your theme again.  Windows should now have no shadows - see image below.


Procmail: Send mails per default to deliver

Unfortunately, there is no way to specify a pipe (or forwarding to another address) as the default delivery destination in Procmail. Basically, the best you can do is to add this unconditional recipe to the very and of your .procmailrc, like you are already doing.

:0w
| /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d "$LOGNAME"

Incidentally, storing a command with parameters in a string variable is rather brittle, and is hard or impossible to do correctly when you need to quote some arguments. Procmail inherits this problem, and the syntax, from the shell; perhaps see further https://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/050

A possible variation is to only set a variable to indicate the destination in your recipes, and only deliver at the very end. Perhaps like this:

:0
* ^From sender-gossip-l@listserv\.example\.net
{ dest="Gossip" }

:0E
* ^From: majordomo@example\.edu
* ^Subject: \[fnord\]
{ dest="Fnord" }

:0E
... etc

:0w
| /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d "$LOGNAME" ${dest+-m "$dest"}

Meticulously using an E flag on every recipe after the first one means the first one whose conditions match wins, like in a regular Procmail recipe file; without it, the last matching recipe wins, and you will always process all recipes.


14.04: How to run Gimp in Single-Window Mode?

Even when running Gimp 2.8 in Single Window Mode we can still detach docks to a separate window if needed.

In case we had accidentally or from previous settings many detached docks we can reattach all docks to a single Gimp window by disabling (unticking) Windows > Single Windows Mode and then re-enabling it again. This will move all detached docks back to the single window.


Pointing email (Thunderbird) to a flash drive

How To Move Your Firefox Or Thunderbird Profile To A New Location

Create a new, empty folder in the desired profile location with the name you wish to use for the new profile, for example, D:\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\newprofile
Copy the entire contents of the Firefox or Thunderbird profile folder you are moving into the new profile folder you just created.
If you do the copy via a CD, remove the write-protection from the copied files.
Find the Firefox or Thunderbird profiles.ini file (it will be located in the Firefox or Thunderbird default profile folder path) and open it in a text editor. * (Optional) Change the "Name=" line to the name of the new profile folder you created, e.g., Name=newprofile * Change "IsRelative=1" to "IsRelative=0" * Change the "Path=" line to the actual location of the new profile folder, e.g., Path=D:\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles newprofile.
If you are moving a profile from its default location, the original profile folder can now be removed.
Open Firefox or Thunderbird, to test if the profile move was successful.

Caution: Incorrect editing of the "profiles.ini" file can cause a Firefox or Thunderbird "already running but is not responding" error if the profile cannot be found.
Instead of editing the "profiles.ini" file by hand after performing steps 1, 2 and 3, you could alternately use the Firefox or Thunderbird Profile Manager to create a new profile, using the "Choose folder" option to select the new profile folder.
You can also use the Profile Manager again to delete the original profile (always use the "Don't Delete Files" option as a safety precaution when deleting profiles).
When you restart Thunderbird, go to "Tools -> Account Settings" and for each account (including Local Folders), click on "Server Settings" and verify that "Local directory" is pointed to the correct location.
If it isn't, then click on the "Browse" button to fix it. You may need to exit and restart Thunderbird for these changes to take effect.
The file profiles.ini can be found in your user home .thunderbird directory.
Opening a terminal console and typing:

cd ~
cd .thunderbird
ls -l

There you will find the file, the full path should be something like:
/home/user/.thunderbird/profiles.ini


That would be .vimrc located in your home folder. Do:

vim ~/.vimrc

Add:

set number


Do I need Django-2.0.checksum.txt to check if the downloaded tar.gz is not malware ?

Checksum value is used to verify the integrity of the file you download from the Web. So here integrity comes about so many things. But as an example due to bad internet connection assume your download was cancelled and you have download the file later with some packets of data missing in it, then you will never succeed installing Django with that file because it is "corrupted".

So to save your time, once you have downloaded the file its always better practice to verify the checksum of the file provided by Website with checksum of the file downloaded at your end.

For more information, you may read below content.
Source: https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/ChAdvChecksums.html

  Checksums are used to ensure the integrity of data portions for data
  transmission or storage. A checksum is basically a calculated summary
  of such a data portion.

  Network data transmissions often produce errors, such as toggled,
  missing or duplicated bits. As a result, the data received might not
  be identical to the data transmitted, which is obviously a bad thing.

  Because of these transmission errors, network protocols very often use
  checksums to detect such errors. The transmitter will calculate a
  checksum of the data and transmits the data together with the
  checksum. The receiver will calculate the checksum of the received
  data with the same algorithm as the transmitter. If the received and
  calculated checksums don’t match a transmission error has occurred.

  Some checksum algorithms are able to recover (simple) errors by
  calculating where the expected error must be and repairing it.

  If there are errors that cannot be recovered, the receiving side
  throws away the packet. Depending on the network protocol, this data
  loss is simply ignored or the sending side needs to detect this loss
  somehow and retransmits the required packet(s).

  Using a checksum drastically reduces the number of undetected
  transmission errors. However, the usual checksum algorithms cannot
  guarantee an error detection of 100%, so a very small number of
  transmission errors may remain undetected.

  There are several different kinds of checksum algorithms; an example
  of an often used checksum algorithm is CRC32. The checksum algorithm
  actually chosen for a specific network protocol will depend on the
  expected error rate of the network medium, the importance of error
  detection, the processor load to perform the calculation, the
  performance needed and many other things.


What is the meaning of 'i686' in Ubuntu?

i686 means that you're using 32 bit OS.

  Go into the terminal and type in.

uname -a

  If your results are similar to the one below, then yours is 64-bit;
  otherwise, it is 32-bit.

Linux ubuntu-tm 2.6.35-28-generic #49-Ubuntu SMP Tue Mar 1 14:39:03 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux

  If you have the x86_64 then your machine is 64-bit.

  If your results are similar to this one; then you have 32-bit.

Linux Server 2.6.15-23-386 #1 SMP Tue Mar 1 13:49:40 UTC 2011 i686 GNU/Linux

  Notice the i686 in the code, that means your machine is 32-bit.

  UPDATE:

  Type in the following in the terminal;

uname -m

  It will give you either x86_64, which is 64-bit, or something
  else, which is 32-bit.

Courtesy: https://superuser.com/a/260999/130574
(Its a copy of that answer)

Also referred to as the P6 microarchitecture, it is the sixth generation Intel x86 microarchitecture, implemented by the Pentium Pro microprocessor that was introduced in November 1995. i686 code is intended to be executed on processors which are compatible with the 32 bit Intel x86 platform, which includes all Intel 32bit x86 processors up to and including the Pentium 4, etc. as well as processors from AMD and other vendors which make compatible 32bit chips.

Courtesy: Wikipedia and this link

In short:

It just means that you're running a 32 bit kernel supporting codes compatible with the i686 processor architecture.

N.B:

It doesn't mean that your system is only capable of running a 32bit kernel, it just means that you're currently running a 32 bit kernel based OS.