In the exceptionsitelist file, move the sites you're whitelisting upwards, under the first set of comments - above the time limiting options.

Here's a pastebin for an example.


That website says:

  Uninstall first all previous version.


Ubuntu 18.04: How do I move a terminal to a different workspace?

Use ShiftSuperPage Up or Page Down to move the window in focus between workspaces.

Similarly, use ShiftSuperHome or End to move to first or last workspace as required.

The left Windows key is usually set as as the Super key.


/bin/proxychains: line 9: exec: [url] : not found

That's not what the proxychains command does. It expects you to give it a command in which it will provide a chained proxy. You specify the proxy in your configuration.

See man proxychains for more detail.


I can't run Cisco packet tracer 7.1 on Ubuntu

It seems that you are using CPT 7.1 on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS.

I have found a nice guide to run CPT.

Steps:

Install CPT as you have already done.
Download correct version of library libicu52 (for example for amd64)

cd /tmp
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/i/icu/libicu52_52.1-3ubuntu0.8_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libicu52_52.1-3ubuntu0.8_amd64.deb

3 . Launch CPT with the packettracer.

Update: this procedure works with CPT 7.1.1 too.


Why does exclamation mark within double quotes cause a Bash error?

! is the default history expansion character in Bash, see the section "HISTORY EXPANSION" in the Bash manpage

History expansion doesn't take place if the ! is enclosed by single quotes, as in

notify-send 'SYNC TIME!'

History expansion doesn't take place if the ! is followed by a space, tab, newline, carriage return,  or =, as in

notify-send SYNC TIME!

History expansion does take place in

echo "SYNC TIME!"

So you'll get an error if there isn't a command starting with " in your history


The easiest way to install Oracle Java in Ubuntu is to use the PPA from WebUpd8. Open Terminal and run the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer

The installer from WebUpd8 will download Oracle Java from the Java official site and install it for you.

Be sure you have removed your other version of Java before installing the new one.

Then use java -version to see if everything is precise.


Belkin Wireless USB F9L1101v2 incompatible w/ 14.04?

I suggest you try this version instead. I just tried it and it makes perfectly on my 3.13.0-32 install: https://github.com/lwfinger/rtl8192du/archive/kernel-version.zip The instructions are the same after you download the correct version.


How can I change directories in the terminal?

Handling directories in the terminal
if I open a terminal, this is what I see:
jacob@jacob-System-Product-Name:~$

The terminal initiates from a directory, which you don't see in the prompt. In most cases it is the current user's home directory. This home directory is part of a bigger tree that starts in / (the "root" directory). to see what is the current directory, type in the terminal:
~$ pwd

my result is:
/home/jacob

Only if I cd to another directory which is directly below the current directory (a subfolder), I do not need to include the current directory:
~$ cd Downloads

works:
~/Downloads$ (which is in fact: /home/jacob/Downloads)

However, in any other case I need to use the full path. for example when I want to cd  ("sideways") from the Downloads folder to the Dropbox folder :
~/Downloads$ cd Dropbox
bash: cd: Dropbox: Bestand of map bestaat niet (saying it does not exist)

But when I use the full path
~/Downloads$ cd /home/jacob/Dropbox
~/Dropbox$

It works.
The easy way to work with files and directories
To easily cd to another directory, simply open a terminal window, type cd and drag the directory from a nautilus window's bar over the terminal window:

gives you:

Similarly, you can drag a file over the terminal window to include its full path (gnome-terminal).
Using the tilde (~)
Another way to reduce the amount of "typing work" is to use the tilde instead of typing out your home directory. An example:
instead of:
/home/jacob/Downloads/somefile

I can use:
~/Downloads/somefile


What does the Gradient Stripes section mean in the Libre Office print preferences?

Gradient stripes determines how many different coloured stripes make up the whole gradient.

This is a gradient made in ink scape, then converted to 50 and 25 stripes. You can see the difference in quality of the three.

And this is an ink scape gradient then converted to an intermediate colour. What that means is it is the average colour.

Believe it or not that second box is all the same colour.


how to compile Lua 5.3.5 shared library?

Beyond Linux® From Scratch - Version 8.4
http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/stable/general/lua.html

patch the Makefile by using lua-5.3.5-shared_library-1.patch


Solved the problem via recovery mode and dpkg system repair. Apparently the display module was actually corrupted when changing the settings.


The -H sets yy-mm-dd as the current day to highlight within the chosen month. In order for it to have a visible effect, you also need to set the month appropriately as well, ex.

$ ncal -d 1970-01 -H 1970-01-01
    January 1970
Su     4 11 18 25
Mo     5 12 19 26
Tu     6 13 20 27
We     7 14 21 28
Th  1  8 15 22 29
Fr  2  9 16 23 30
Sa  3 10 17 24 31

(I used bold to indicate the highlighting here since I don't know how to invert in markdown). From man ncal:

 -d yyyy-mm
         Use yyyy-mm as the current date (for debugging of date selec‐
         tion).

 -H yyyy-mm-dd
         Use yyyy-mm-dd as the current date (for debugging of highlight‐
         ing).


Compatibility Asus prime b360m-k and Ubuntu 18.04 plasma

I answer myself. I have found the answer in linux-hardware.org:

https://linux-hardware.org/index.php?id=board:asustek-prime-b360m-k-rev-x-0x

Asus prime b360m-k works fine with Ubuntu 18.04 according with this results: https://linux-hardware.org/index.php?id=board:asustek-prime-b360m-k-rev-x-0x&hwid=44c6c2af3c49

I put the answer here, perhaps it is useful to other users.


The system is running in low graphics mode error on dell inspiron.1525

press ctrl+Alt+F1 while during the screen shows running in low-graphics mode.
Login with your username and password
Then run the below commands,

sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf
sudo shutdown -r now

After reboot,you will get back to your default GUI.


Ubuntu 16.04 kills session when resource usage is extremely high

It is Hadoop itself that tries to kill some of its processes in order to reduce the resource usage on the machine, but instead it kills all processes it can due to a bug in the kill command.


This is what I did:

Have you installed it through the terminal? If so, try uninstalling the steam related packages again with Synaptic Package Manager and go to the Steam website and download the package from there: http://store.steampowered.com/about/

You might also have to delete the Steam folder in your home folder home/.steam so Steam can create a fresh one.

Tried a hell of a lot of things and this simply worked without problems as it should be. Appartently the version in the software depository is outdated or whatever? No clue, I'm a noob.


No one is saying this, but I think it needs to be mentioned.

In recent releases of Ubuntu (definitely in 16.04 LTS!!!), you should no longer install the VMware tools from the "Install VMware Tools menu". Instead:

sudo apt-get install open-vm-tools-desktop

The -desktop part is important! If you simply install open-vm-tools it will not work as expected!


GRUB missing after removing drive with Ubuntu

"Now when booting up if I choose to boot from the first hard drive it goes straight into the grub boot loader."

In order to understand what's going on here, you need to understand exactly how Grub works. Because a bootloader installed to a hard-drive's MBR (Master Boot Record) must not be larger than 512 bytes, Grub is divided into two stages:

Stage 1 consists of a very small program. This program's sole purpose is to load and run Stage 2. The actual process for doing this depends on your version of Grub. An important point to note here is that Stage 1 must be able to find Stage 2 in order to run it.
Stage 2 is responsible for displaying the menu you see when you boot and actually passing control over to the selected operating system.

When installing Ubuntu, the installer typically copies Stage 1 to the MBR of the first disk. Because you installed Ubuntu to the second disk, Stage 2 was likely installed there.

  "If I remove the 2nd hard drive and boot up it says grub is missing."

This is because Stage 2 (which, if you remember, is responsible for actually displaying the menu) is located on the disk you removed.

  "Any thoughts?"

Grub is capable of chainloading Windows - this means that Grub simply invokes Windows' own bootloader as if it had been directly invoked by the BIOS. If Windows isn't showing up in the Grub menu, then the problem is that Grub isn't detecting the Windows installation.


forgot user password & root password 16.04

Boot from a USB (or CD/DVD if you have a system that old).

You can then mount the partition with /etc/shadow and put a new password hash in.  The easiest way to do that is copy from an existing shadow file for the user (root in this case).


Ubuntu won't load after clearing orphaned inode

OPs answer in question moved into CW answer

I fixed my problem. I used Ctrl-Alt-F1 to go to terminal mode and purged the nvidia driver, because the system was trying to load a driver I had removed and Ubuntu loads all drivers before user login.

So Ubuntu forgot to remove something in the driver update after I deleted it (probably the initramfs needed to be regenerated)


Installing Ubuntu on Lenovo Ideapad 710S-13IKB

I've successfully done this with an Ideapad 710S - I am running xubuntu 17.04 on it as I write this.

Unfortunately, the linux-compatible BIOS is required for linux to see your hard disk. As the readme file for the BIOS explains:

  This BIOS creates an AHCI SATA Controller Mode selection to allow for the installation of the Linux operating system.

For this you'll need: stock windows 10 installed, the linux version of the bios, and a usb key setup with an ubuntu/variant install image.

Find your Linux BIOS here: http://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/DS119359

You will need to have the stock windows installed. Simply download the 'Linux-Only' BIOS installer and run it. You may need to make sure certain BIOS settings are used (see the bottom of the post). After which, you should be able to jump your machine into Ubuntu 'try-it' mode from the USB - verify that it can see your hard disk. From there you can install Ubuntu or an Ubuntu variant.

If you don't have windows installed, you will probably need to re-install it in order to flash this new BIOS. You might be able to get away with a FreeDOS USB stick with the new BIOS on it, but my recommendation is to re-install windows to update the BIOS.

Other variants of the 710s (non-13IKB) linux bios links can be found here:

https://forums.lenovo.com/t5/Lenovo-Yoga-Series-Notebooks/Yoga-900-and-Ideapad-710S-Linux-Only-BIOS/ta-p/3466850

My BIOS has these settings:

'Configuration' tab set 'SATA Controller Mode' to 'AHCI'
'Security' tab set 'Secure Boot to' 'Disabled'
'Boot' tab set 'Boot Mode' to 'UEFI'


Perl .pl file downloads instead of being executed

Make sure you have set the following path in your /etc/apache2/apache2.conf:
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/path/to/cgi-bin/" and that your scripts are in that folder.

If your scripts ends on .pl make sure to change the line
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi to AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl
in /etc/apache2/apache2.conf and check that it is not commented out.

Options FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI needs to set in your virtual host.


Boot while holding the shift key down. You'll then be greeted by a GRUB menu. You want to select boot recovery mode. Once in recovery mode you can passwd yourusername to set a new password.


Can't access ubuntu after dual-booting with windows 10

You can repair Grub from the Ubuntu installation disk, or use my favorite:

https://sourceforge.net/p/boot-repair-cd/home/Home/  where you can download a bootable CD image.  It repairs both MBR and UEFI boot setups.  Usually, the default recovery will do the job.  If not, you can fiddle with the advanced options.

I use the advanced options only to kill off a few features I don't care to use.


This is what worked for me in order to write/boot Windows 10 PE on as usb drive.

From https://askubuntu.com/a/487970/48496

Install GParted and GRUB on Ubuntu with:

sudo apt-get install gparted grub-pc-bin p7zip-full ntfs-3g

Rewrite the partition table as msdos and format your USB drive as NTFS using GParted (and then "Manage flags" and add the boot flag).
In GParted, right click the USB partition and select Information. Copy the UUID somewhere as you will need it.
Copy all files from mounted Windows ISO or DVD to USB drive using your favorite file manager.
Go to USB drive and if the folder named boot has uppercase characters, make them all lowercase by renaming it.
Install GRUB on USB:

sudo grub-install --target=i386-pc --boot-directory="/<USB_mount_folder>/boot" /dev/sdX

Create a GRUB config file in the USB drive folder boot/grub with the name grub.cfg.

Write this into the file:

echo "If you see this, you have successfully booted from USB :) <or whatever you want>"
insmod ntfs
insmod search_fs_uuid
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid <UUID_from_step_2> --set root
ntldr /bootmgr
boot

Unmount the USB drive and restart your PC. Choose the USB as the first boot device in BIOS and start booting from it.


To disable it on boot, you'll need to edit this file:

  sudo vim /etc/bluetooth/main.conf

And set InitiallyPowered to false

  InitiallyPowered = false


It sounds like your Windows installation is crashed, though it might be salvageable.  This is probably not the correct forum for help fixing windows.

However, if the problem is somehow linked to the dual boot aspect you MIGHT find the boot repair utility helpful.  Please note, I've discovered the hard way to always use self booting media for running the boot repair utility.  The one and only time I ever tried installing the utility on an otherwise healthy Ubuntu installation, it trashed it.


You should not have extracted the files as you said.

The .iso file you downloaded contains boot instructions necessary to make your computer boot the files you have at the moment, when you extracted the files from the .iso you extracted all the content files but not those necessary instructions.

You need not to record those extracted files but to record the complete .iso file.

For that (using Windows) I recommed ImgBurn (google for it, its free) and when you open the program select burn image, point it to the .iso file and select your CD/DVD as destination.


How do snap applications, snappy security R/W restrictions, and user files work

Snap commands (the binaries that the snap makes available to the system) are each associated with a set of "plugs" and "slots" which represent the ways the snap can "connect to other things".

There is a plug called "home" and if you associate that with your snap command then it will have read access to ~/ but not to dotfiles or dot-subdirectories (to avoid leaking things like .ssh/ credentials).

We are working to add the ability for the plug to explicitly list some dotfiles that it wants to read, for special cases, but the average app just needs "the documents in ~/" and the 'home' plug does that nicely.

I'm surprised that the libreoffice snap is not doing this already, either its a bug or I have misunderstood things somewhat :)


This is a Windows driver, you can't use it in Ubuntu.

You don't need to download any driver to use this device as a printer.

If you want to use it as a scanner you will need to download the Unified Driver (Linux) from the Samsung site.

This driver is a compressed file to install it:

Double click on it to open it
Extract it to your home folder (click on the extract button, select your home dir).
Now in your home dir (the dir that you see when you click on the folfer icon in the launcher) there should be a folder called Cdroot.
Double click cdroot.
Double click Linux.
Double click install.sh

This should get the driver installed.


To give back to windows you need to delete installed linux partition and then reload windows boot loader.

from manage devices - disk management - you can extend or add to windows from windows.

note: after removing linux unless you restore windows boot loader you wont boot.

to use for other linux distros testing you can choose the partition as installed one from manual choice or ssomething else at partition step.

hope that helps.


Black screen after resuming from sleep on IBM X30

I'm not sure if it's the same issue, but i've had a situation like this on a laptop with intel graphics. The problem in my case was the computer resumed (no issues in dmesg or other logs), and the graphics was on (if you looked really close there was an image on the screen), it just didn't turn on the backlight (some hardware issue as i've later found out).

In my situation the solution was just to press brightness down/up a few times.

I know it's a silly solution but it worked for me. I could then automate the process by adding a script to the resume script chain that changed the brightness down/up.


How to remove things from the desktop without deleting them or unpinning them from launcher?

That are all simple link files, you can safely remove them without affecting the installed programs.

So simply delete them and you still be able to access the programs by pressing Super/windows key.

To remove them you can right-click on them and choose delete which sends them to the trashcan or you can use the terminal for that:

  WARNING: This will remove all other files on your desktop, not just links!  BE VERY CAREFUL when you run this command, and do not run this command unless you want to permanently remove all files as well as links from your Desktop and the Desktop folder.

# this following command removes all icons from the desktop
# so make sure that is what you want to do (this is not reversible)!
rm ~/Desktop/*

or if you want only to remove a single file:

rm ~/Desktop/<file-name>.desktop

You can always recreate those files by dragging the applications from the dash back to the desktop which will create a new icon or as you did pin them from the dash to your dock.


Found this

xmodmap -e "keycode 66 = ISO_Level3_Shift"

as an answer on Superuser.


Can't remove the icon of a wine application from unity dash home

First you have to find the actual name of Folder Lock which is used by Wine. I am assuming that the name are either folderlock or folder lock or folder-lock.

Now you can remove folderLOCK by executing this command:

    sudo find / | grep -i folderlock | sudo xargs rm -r -f

or

    sudo find / | grep -i 'folder lock' | sudo xargs rm -r -f

or

    sudo find / | grep -i 'folder-lock' | sudo xargs rm -r -f

Try these commands one by one. And check whether icons are removed or not. It would remove all instances of Folder Lock installed in your system.

If it did work then last option is to remove Wine then delete any existing file and directory of Wine and then re-install it again. You must follow following commands in series:

sudo apt-get autoremove wine
sudo apt-get --purge remove wine
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean

When wine is un-installed execute following command(this command will actually remove any instance of Wine:

sudo find / | grep -v '/var/cache/apt/archives' | grep wine | sudo xargs rm -r -f

Then install Wine again:

sudo apt-get install wine

That's all. This is the last option for you.


Why not ship with all trusted PPA's installed?

Ubuntu isn't a rolling release.
Ubuntu's software update policy is to pick set versions for all its packages and then to maintain those packages, backporting security fixes as applicable. This means most software on a Long Term Support release will function the same way for five years. That's a major feature in industry.
This wouldn't be the case if they all just tracked the latest versions. There are limited exceptions to this (eg Firefox) but they aren't important to this topic.
PPAs exist for a number of reasons but the ones you're talking about are to get bleeding edge software to people. Usually for testing that software, but occasionally —especially with graphics, wifi, etc— to update driver stacks to improve functionality.
These bleeding edge software stacks are not suitable for everybody. They have downsides. They aren't supported. They occasionally brake things for user. They frequently push major version changes (and with it major feature changes) for software. That's great if you want to opt into that, less so if you want a stable software base for 5 years.
I've nothing against WebUpd8 but I'm sure even they wouldn't consider themselves comparable to the teams of maintainers and security teams who look after Ubuntu's packages. It's not just about trusting people's intent, it's also making sure they have the technical mechanisms and ability to stop bad software getting on your computer.
But putting "trust" aside, if you did ship Ubuntu with these PPAs "already installed", it'd make Ubuntu partially a rolling release. That isn't what Ubuntu is, or wants to be.


Create sequentially numbered folders with leading zeros and move files to them

Assuming bash

n=0

find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*.mp3' -print0 | \
     sort -z | while IFS= read -d '' -r file; do \
     printf -v newdir '%04d' $((n++));
     mkdir -p "$newdir" && mv "$file" "$newdir/" ;
done

If you are using a shell that doesn't support the printf -v, then you can use a command substitution like in your original version i.e. newdir=$( printf '%04d' $((n++)) )


Only Around 50MB/sec Max Network Transfer; had 70-100MB/s on Windows, Ubuntu reports Gigabit Speeds, Why?

What's up? Samba, probably.

Before you try something else, test the network drivers with iperf -s on one and iperf -c other_ip on the second. Should show raw performance. You could see up to ~125MB/s but down to ~100MB/s would still be okay.

Assuming that's fine, try another protocol. I suggested NFS to another user because it's a lot faster than Samba in my experience. My post there includes sample configuration to get you up and running a fairly insecure sharing scheme. If you need usernames and passwords, this can all be done, it's just a bit more work.

If you want to mix Ubuntu and Windows, I suggest you keep Samba hanging around for when you need to copy from one OS to the other, but it's going to be slow.

There are Samba tuning guides littered around the internet but I've never had much success in improving Samba-to-Samba transfer speeds. Here are the two biggest claims I've seen to date:

Using strict allocate doubles write speeds.
Bigger buffers just generally help:

read size = 65536
read prediction = true
socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
write raw = yes
read raw = no

These two "solutions" are all over the place but as I say, I've never had much luck with either and given everything is Linux of some sort here, I just fall back on NFS for speed.


How to solve "sudo: /etc/sudoers.d is world writable"

Run pkexec chmod 0755 /etc/sudoers.d

pkexec will use a different method of using root permissions, bypassing the issue.
And the chmod will fix the permissions.


Failed Installing or running rJava on Linux Ubuntu

Examine your environment settings, I've found that export JAVA_HOME=xxx doesn't actually work. Run cat /etc/environment and check if the JAVA_HOME variable is set to the correct path. Then you have to copy and paste your intended JAVA_HOME path and set the JAVA_HOME in /etc/environment to be that one.

Check if your $PATH variable has *your_java_home_path*/bin in it, and if it has your_ld_library_path in it. The $LD_LIBRARY_PATH is the one with libjvm.so in it. I have no idea what this .so is for, but it has caused me much trouble.

Please refer to https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25232624/r-package-rjava-only-loads-if-i-launch-r-with-sudo
Doesn't really helped me because I met Q2, not Q3. But might help you.

Solution same as Q2.

Install the one from Oracle website http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html

Don't run apt-get install xxx. You thought it's saving your time but you actually got a lot of things you don't actually want.

Run sudo rstudio-server restart. It is still running the old rsession when you haven't reconfigured your Java yet.

What if it still doesn't work?
Completely uninstall your java. Following this thread
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/install/install_overview.html
Then reinstall following A5 instructions. Then go to /etc/environment to set your path following A1 and A2.


Can I put non-program files onto a custom image through UCK?

There are two important details about Ubuntu Customization Kit:

!!!PROJECT DISCONTINUED!!! [sic]
Ubuntu Customization Kit is a tool that helps you customizing official Ubuntu Live CDs (including Kubuntu/Xubuntu and Edubuntu) to your needs. You can add any package to the live system, for example language packs, or applications. [My bold]

The answer is no.


Switch card to 44.100 kHz mode. That's possible from MS Windows quad-capture driver. Then reboot to ubuntu again.

It allows to use device for output, but input still not available


How do I get Disk Utility to read SMART data from USB drives?

You cannot. It's a known bug. They're not going to fix it anytime soon.
See here. The bug is confirmed, set to low importance, not assigned to any developer and has no ETA for a fix.
I guess they're comfortable with people using smartctl/GSmartControl for SMART on USB drives...


"Wireless authentication required" on a Samsung N150

This means that the network that you are trying to connect to is secured by WEP, WPA, or WPA2. You need to enter the network password to be able to connect.
EDIT: Try this in a Terminal (Dash->Terminal) window:

sudo ifconfig wlan0 down
sudo dhclient -r wlan0
sudo ifconfig wlan0 up
sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid "YOUR NEWORK NAME HERE"
sudo iwconfig wlan0 mode Managed
sudo dhclient wlan0


I had a similar problem some time ago with 12.04.
 I disabled the secure boot(by going into the BIOS usually F2 during boot)

I was unable to boot from the USB drive,  I then tried changing the priority in the BIOS (USB first). This worked for me in the past, (after disabling the secure boot of course) and booted from the USB with no issues, after installing 12.04 I then returned the HD to 1st in the boot priority.


Zip certain files having filenames alphanumerically bigger than others

You can just run gzip on all the fastq files directly. By default, it will ask if you want to overwrite the existing files:
$ gzip -k *.fastq
SRR7121484_1.fastq.gz already exists -- do you wish to overwrite (y or n)?

If gzip can't read anything from standard input, it simply skips these files:
% gzip -k *.fastq -v < /dev/null
gzip: SRR7121484_1.fastq.gz already exists -- skipping
gzip: SRR7121484_2.fastq.gz already exists -- skipping
SRR7121485_1.fastq:   -99.9% -- replaced with SRR7121485_1.fastq.gz
SRR7121485_2.fastq:   -99.9% -- replaced with SRR7121485_2.fastq.gz
SRR7121488_1.fastq:   -99.9% -- replaced with SRR7121488_1.fastq.gz
SRR7121488_2.fastq:   -99.9% -- replaced with SRR7121488_2.fastq.gz

So, just run:
gzip -k *.fastq < /dev/null


How do I enable console blanking and display power save on a laptop server install?

The above is great info if you're logged in, but it doesn't resolve my question:
How do I set up the console of the laptop to auto-blank after X minutes.  I want to set this natively to the console, not a logged in terminal, because I may not log into it very often, and it may be sitting at a login prompt most of the time.
I would like the console to wake up and display when a key is pressed, and go back to powersave/blank mode after X minutes.
I can't believe it's so hard to find this -- I've been looking for some time.  This is something that I got used to on NetBSD and FreeBSD as just a normal configuration parameter for the console.  Surely it has to be possible.


How can I group applications in one launcher icon?

##Part 1: How to create a New Launcher Item

Open Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T)
Run gedit ~/.local/share/applications/myApps.desktop
Copy and paste following:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=ReplaceWithApplicationName
Comment=
Exec=/path/to/application
Icon=/path/to/icon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true

Modify the Name (the name of your application), Exec (the path to the application), and Icon parameters as needed. Save your changes with File->Save or Ctrl + S.

Run chmod +x ~/.local/share/applications/myApps.desktop in Terminal.

Run xdg-open ~/.local/share/applications/ in Terminal; and drag and drop your new launcher Icon onto the launcher.

##Part 2 Option A: How to modify right-click menu of a shortcut icon
Ubuntu Tweak is your friend (If you prefer GUI).

Download and Install Ubuntu Tweak or run the following:
 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

Once installed, open Ubuntu Tweak and navigate to Admins tab, you’ll see an option called QuickLists Editor.

N.B. An application needs to be locked in launcher before it can be edited by the QuickLists Editor.

Add Quick Access Applications in Context Menu of Launch myApps icon:

Select Launch myApps in the left
Click the + to add an entry
Enter the Name (your desired App name) and Command (command that use to start/run your App). In the example screenshot I have added my both browsers. Change the fields as you see fit.
Click the Save button.

##Part 2 (Option B): How to add a menu via text entry
Open the myApps.desktop file from part 1, then copy and paste following content for each menu.
[Desktop Action Action#]
Name=Name of Applications
Exec=/path/to/application

And don't forget to adding number of Actions. for example Actions=Action1;Action0 in my own icon.
For reference, my launcher icon content is as following:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Launch myApps
Comment=Access to my Applications
Exec=nautilus %U
Icon=/home/username/image.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true

Actions=Action1;Action0

[Desktop Action Action0]
Name=My Chromium
Exec=chromium-browser %U

[Desktop Action Action1]
Name=My Firefox
Exec=firefox %U

Sources:
How can I edit/create new launcher items in Unity by hand?
http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2014/08/edit-right-click-menu-icons-ubuntu1404/


How do I change the default session for when using auto-logins?

The list of sessions is described in the directory /usr/share/xsessions.

Some of the more common session names are as follows:

For unity-2d the session file is called ubuntu-2d.desktop
For gnome-classic the session file is called gnome-classic.desktop
For gnome-classic (no effects) aka gnome-fallback the session file is called gnome-fallback.desktop
For unity-3d the session file is called ubuntu.desktop
For Lubuntu the session file is called Lubuntu.desktop
For LXDE the session file is called LXDE.desktop

Thus, if you change the light-dm configuration file to "ubuntu-2d" this will default the session to Unity-2D

i.e.

sudo nano /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

change the line

user-session=ubuntu

to

user-session=ubuntu-2d

Note - if you don't have a lightdm.conf file then for a autologin use the following values for this file:

[SeatDefaults]
greeter-session=unity-greeter
user-session=ubuntu-2d
autologin-user=myusername
autologin-user-timeout=0

Another possibility is to run:

sudo /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-set-defaults -s <session-name>

E.g.:

sudo /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-set-defaults -s ubuntu-2d

This will also create the lightdm.conf file if it wasn't already present.


Installing Ubuntu along with Windows 8.1

Unless you use Wubi, you need to install Ubuntu in a separate partition. Alas Wubi is deprecated and unsupported by Canonical and doesn't work at all in UEFI environments. Please perform a regular installation and choose "alongside Windows".

While there is no practical risk, that Ubuntu damages your Windows installation or data on Windows partitions, both the manual or the automated re-partitioning, that occur before or during the first installation of Ubuntu on a system with pre-installed Windows, may fail or be interrupted (e. g. by a power failure), in which case your data would likely be lost. It is important that you back up your data. Data without a backup is by definition unimportant. And that's not just for Ubuntu or its installation procedure.

Relevant resources:

Installing Ubuntu on a Pre-Installed Windows 8 (64-bit) System (UEFI Supported)
Install Alongside Windows or Something Else - Which should I use?


Installation of software requires more free space on a Virtual Disk Image of Ubuntu

Did you expand the partition to fill the volume?  More than likely, the disk is bigger, but the partition is still the same size.  Take a look at the resize2fs tool to resize the partition to fill the size of the disk.


Linux Kernel 3.0+ phased older systems out?

I don't think I've ever heard anyone claim that backwards compatibility is Linux' strength. It's always been a huge weakness. But regressions happen. You file bugs when something doesn't work. You do that on Launchpad. Yes, Linux drops old hardware from time to time. You can't assume that a computer from 1995 will still be supported, for instance. A computer from 2000 should work well though.


Can't install Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS on Windows 10

You say that you've been unable to boot the installer in EFI mode. This means that your installation must have been in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode, which in turn means that you almost certainly have a mixed-mode (BIOS/EFI) installation (Linux in BIOS mode, Windows in EFI mode). This is a recipe for hair loss.

Ultimately, your best bet is to get the Ubuntu installer booting in EFI mode. If it won't boot at all -- that is, if you don't even see GRUB appear -- then chances are your USB drive was prepared with a tool that doesn't know how to create an EFI-bootable disk. Try another tool. Most people find that Rufus works well from Windows, although there are other options. Once you get this working, you can either re-install or run Boot Repair from the Ubuntu installer in its "try before installing" mode.

Alternatively, you could try installing my rEFInd boot manager from Windows. You'll also need to install an EFI filesystem driver for whatever filesystem holds your kernel (ext4fs by default). This will be difficult to do if Secure Boot is active, though, since there's no setup script for Windows and the Secure Boot installation procedure is more complex. If you can do this, though, rEFInd will become your boot manager, bypassing GRUB.


Why is the size given by lsblk different from that of lsblk -b

Actually, the difference isn't that great. Remember that gigabytes, megabytes etc, are multiples of 1024 and not 1000. So, a megabyte is 10242 and a gigabyte is 10243.

Many programming languages give convenient shift operators, that let you convert between mega, giga, kilo and other -bytes. Here, using Perl, we can see that your two values are actually not that different:

## How many bytes is 134G?
$ perl -le 'print 134<<30'
143881404416

## How many gigabytes is 147035272690 bytes?
$ perl -le 'print 147035272690>>30'
136

There still is a discrepancy of 2G between the numbers, but it's nowhere near 10G. I don't really know where that difference comes from. I suspect that there are rounding steps involved (probably using a floor function), but I don't know the details.


Nautilus strange 'shift' key behaviour when renaming files

On Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 64 bit I had the similar behavior in "Files":

You can rename files and folders in "View items as a grid of icons" mode
In the "View items as a list" mode:

Pressing right shift while renaming is similar to pressing ESC
Pressing left shift works
Pressing left shift+any letter is similar to pressing ESC, left shift+any letter

As a result it's not possible to enter any capital letters in the "View items as a list" while renaming a file or a folder.

The solution:

Go to System settings/Keyboard
Switch to the Shortcuts tab
Select Universal access on the left hand side
Remove zoom bindings


Skype connection refused in Ubuntu 14.04

Skype 4.3 is no more operational as per Microsoft update. You have to switch to 8.x version to get it operational. And right now new version of Skype only supported in 64bit operating systems.

You can download the new version of Skype from https://www.skype.com/en/get-skype/


I booted ubuntu 16- It cannot find wifi and doesn't recognize ethernet cable when plugged in

You installed a wrong wireless driver that does not support your wireless adapter and blocked your Ethernet card.

You can fix it this way. Run in terminal

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source

and reboot. Your Ethernet card will start working.

After that connect to the internet by wire and install the correct wireless firmware by

sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer


man -k printf

  Search the short descriptions and manual page names for the keyword printf  as regular  expression.  Print out any matches.  Equivalent to apropos -r printf.

Or as you can see you can also use
apropos -r printf

Example...

man -k "test"

Test (3perl)         - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
cupstestdsc (1)      - test conformance of postscript files
cupstestppd (1)      - test conformance of ppd files
DBD::Gofer::Transport::null (3pm) - DBD::Gofer client transport for testing
DBD::Gofer::Transport::pipeone (3pm) - DBD::Gofer client transport for testing
dh_auto_test (1)     - automatically runs a package's test suites
dh_testdir (1)       - test directory before building debian package
dh_testroot (1)      - ensure that a package is built as root
dh_testversion (1)   - ensure that the correct version of debhelper is installed
ExtUtils::testlib (3perl) - add blib/* directories to @INC
feature_test_macros (7) - feature test macros
File::CheckTree (3perl) - run many filetest checks on a tree
filetest (3perl)     - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
ftm (7)              - feature test macros
gcov-4.2 (1)         - coverage testing tool
make-memtest86+-boot-floppy (1) - (unknown subject)
Memoize::ExpireFile (3perl) - test for Memoize expiration semantics
Memoize::ExpireTest (3perl) - test for Memoize expiration semantics
mysql_client_test (1) - test client API
mysql_client_test_embedded (1) - test client API for embedded server
mysqlmanager-pwgen (1) - internal test-suite program
mysqlmanagerc (1)    - internal test-suite program
mysqltest (1)        - program to run test cases
mysqltest_embedded (1) - program to run embedded test cases
ndb_cpcd (1)         - automate testing of NDB (development use only)


gparted is a great partitioning tool - I have used it to resize FAT, NTFS, EXT[2..4] and haven't run into any issues as of yet. However - with all disk operations there is always the possibility of failure and that should always be weighed during resizing.
Make sure you have nothing mounted to the drives you're attempting to resize, ensure that you have ample CPU and RAM to perform the operations. If you're on a Laptop make sure it's plugged in and that it won't suspend or hibernate while performing these operations. Lastly this can be time intensive - my last tip is, while gparted is running it may appear unresponsive or frozen. Just let it finish.

from: Is GParted a good tool for resizing an NTFS partition?
You may want to read this: Resize Partitions and How to resize Windows Partitions


can httpd run php-script as specific user

This is well-known problem that can be solved using mpm-itk apache module which is specifically intended for running scripts in virtual hosts with the rights of their owners (http://mpm-itk.sesse.net/).

This module is prebuilt into hosting administration packages such as ISPmanager and so on. I'd recommend using such packages to get rid of boring ajustments of your server because all can be done in a few minutes.


Do I need to create a ntfs partition for Windows running in a virtual machine?

No, you do not need to create any NTFS partitions. If you are going to install Ubuntu on your laptop and then install Windows inside a virtual machine, you do not need to create an NTFS partition to install Windows nor would you need to create an NTFS partition to share personal files between Ubuntu and Windows.

For the installation, what the virtual software does (for example: Virtual Box or VMWare) is it creates a file (with an extension of .vmdk or .vdi for example, depending on what software/option you use). That file acts as the "hard drive" for the virtual machine. The file is created and stored on your host operating system (your Ubuntu), so it doesn't need an NTFS partiton. If you want to think about it another way, "inside" the file itself is an NTFS filesystem, that's what the virtual machine uses, but you don't have to worry about that at all.

For sharing folders, the virtual software you use gives you an option to share folders between the host and guest OS. When you "share" a folder, your Windows machine will "mount" it as if it was a file server, so it doesn't need to be an NTFS partition either. Take a look at this page and this question for more information on how you do this folder sharing.


The simplest solution is reinstalling Ubuntu. You can then delete Ubuntu partition again and follow this tutorial to remove GRUB files. After that, You'll be able to boot Windows directly.


First, you should try to change the resolution using System->Preferences->Monitors, and then reboot. It's likely that it's stored somewhere and it will be restored it at login.

If it doesn't work you can add the xrand command to the items in System->Preferences->Start up Applications.

You will only need to add the last line:

xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1280x1024

The files is /etc/gdm/Init/Default are executed when the gdm (the login window) starts, not when a session loads.


How can a reverse-SSH connection be kept accessible for a long time?

Have your ssh send a keepalive packet every so often to help.

In your ~/.ssh/config file add the following:

Host *
ServerAliveInterval 15

This should be set on both server and client.

You can change that number above to anything you want.  This is set for every 15 seconds and my server connections seem to stay alive without any problems.

Hope this helps!


How to set as default Performance mode on Ubuntu 20.04 instead of Powersave?

If your processor is defaulting to using the powersave CPU frequency scaling governor, then it is probably using the intel_pstate CPU frequency scaling driver. Check via:
$ grep . /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy*/scaling_driver
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/scaling_driver:intel_pstate
...
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy5/scaling_driver:intel_pstate

Ubuntu has changed the default kernel configuration as for the default governor. It used to be performance and now it is schedutil, which will fall through to powersave if schedutil is not available. Therefore, some of the older answers no longer apply.
Method 1
The ondemand service just calls /lib/systemd/set-cpufreq, which could be edited to set the governor to performance instead of what it currently does. This old answer indicates a method, repeated and modified herein:
doug@s18:~/config/lib/systemd$ diff -u set-cpufreq.original set-cpufreq
--- set-cpufreq.original        2021-03-10 14:07:32.036863542 -0800
+++ set-cpufreq 2021-03-10 14:10:05.313627963 -0800
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@

 read governors < $AVAILABLE
 case $governors in
+        *performance*)
+                GOVERNOR="performance"
+                break
+                ;;
         *interactive*)
                 GOVERNOR="interactive"
                 break

After the edit and after re-booting, check it:
$ grep . /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy*/scaling_governor
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/scaling_governor:performance
...
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy5/scaling_governor:performance

And check the status of the service, which should be dead by now:
$ sudo systemctl status ondemand
[sudo] password for doug:
● ondemand.service - Set the CPU Frequency Scaling governor
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/ondemand.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: inactive (dead) since Wed 2021-03-10 14:13:02 PST; 1min 18s ago
    Process: 667 ExecStart=/lib/systemd/set-cpufreq (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 667 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Mar 10 14:12:57 s18 systemd[1]: Started Set the CPU Frequency Scaling governor.
Mar 10 14:13:02 s18 set-cpufreq[667]: Setting performance scheduler for all CPUs
Mar 10 14:13:02 s18 systemd[1]: ondemand.service: Succeeded.

If something later on during boot is overriding the governor setting it would be by far best to figure out what and get rid of it. However, and just as a temporary workaround try introducing a sleep delay into this service (note the older ondemand startup script used to delay 1 minute, then change the governor). Untested example:
doug@s18:~/config/lib/systemd$ diff -u set-cpufreq.original set-cpufreq.doug.test
--- set-cpufreq.original        2021-03-10 14:07:32.036863542 -0800
+++ set-cpufreq.doug.test       2021-03-10 16:24:13.088946203 -0800
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@

 read governors < $AVAILABLE
 case $governors in
+        *performance*)
+                GOVERNOR="performance"
+                break
+                ;;
         *interactive*)
                 GOVERNOR="interactive"
                 break
@@ -34,6 +38,8 @@

 [ -n "${GOVERNOR:-}" ] || exit 0

+sleep 60
+
 echo "Setting $GOVERNOR scheduler for all CPUs"

 for CPUFREQ in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor

Method 2
Now, if you prefer to run with that service disabled:
$ sudo systemctl disable ondemand
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ondemand.service.

then the preference can be set on the grub command line, by adding cpufreq.default_governor=performance to what is already present. Keep a copy of /etc/default/grub before you start and in case you want to revert later. This example includes other stuff already in my command line. So, in my case, I changed this:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="ipv6.disable=1 consoleblank=450 msr.allow_writes=on cpuidle.governor=teo intel_idle.states_off=4"

to this:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="ipv6.disable=1 consoleblank=450 cpufreq.default_governor=performance msr.allow_writes=on cpuidle.governor=teo intel_idle.states_off=4"

Run sudo update-grub afterwards and re-boot. Then check:
doug@s18:~$ grep . /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy*/scaling_governor
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/scaling_governor:performance
...
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy5/scaling_governor:performance

Caution: Be sure your computer can run in performance mode without creating to much heat, because whatever thermal throttling methods are used might not be operating yet during the boot process.


You most likely have a .npmrc file in your home folder that contains a prefix variable.

If this is the case you will have to update your $PATH variable adding the new bin path, in your case $HOME/.node/bin/, also ensure it is after which ever path npm is currently in, this you can find out by using which npm. To set your path variable: What is the PATH environment variable and how do I add to it? and https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnvironmentVariables


Ubuntu 18.04 VPN (PPTP) Connection Works until large packet received

I had similar issue with VPN client on pppOe connection. The pppOe connection has the correct MTU 1492 and VPN server 1500. When there was incorrect MTU set on pppOe the connection was established, but no streaming was possible. With the correct MTU on client side I was able to connect the stream over VPN.

All you need is to set the correct MTU on the client side internet connection.


Communicate from Ubuntu 12.04 to Ubuntu 12.04?

Make a classic client server program i.e. socket programming for linux.
To learn how to do it you can click here


Setting your network connection type to Bridged will give your virtual machine its own IP address on your network, where it will be able to see any of the other machines, including the VM host.


Connect to OpenVPN managed by NetworkManager using console

It's simple. Use the cli version of network-manager aka nmcli

List your available connection with

nmcli con

to get something like

NAME               UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE
Ethernet           bbc6713e-2050-4c68-a66b-98607eda7e87 ethernet  enp1s0
PIA France         476c8d97-beb7-48b2-9922-55e3062d3db9  vpn       enp1s0
tun0               bcfa5e83-b84f-4141-b146-d3b57d496fd4  tun       tun0
theWifi            89326285-7b0e-48e6-a67c-ce28e38a062e  wifi      --
PIA UK London      0c2841dc-cb62-437c-948d-b7b291544387  vpn       --
PIA UK-S           3f60a5af-cc7e-45a5-b075-c5e2eb8bc075  vpn       --

Then you can use

nmcli con up 'PIA UK-S'

or

nmcli con up 3f60a5af-cc7e-45a5-b075-c5e2eb8bc075

Look for help with

nmcli help


The 3.13 kernel is still being updated with security patches, which will change the last number (0-121) as new updates are installed.  So it's nothing to worry about.  Ubuntu 14.04 will be supported until April 2019.

You would only need to upgrade the kernel if some newer hardware isn't working on your machine.  However, if you ever did want or need to upgrade the kernel:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


VPN to office without routing all internet traffic

The general idea is to modify the routing table so only known office subnets (address blocks) get routed through your VPN interface (e.g. ppp0) and all other subnets get routed through your normal network interface (e.g. en0). When you connect to VPN Gnome network manager adds so-called default route to the VPN interface (ppp0). You need to remove this route but add new routing entries for known office subnets.

Firstly, you need to find what private subnets are used by your office network. The easiest way is just to ask your office network administrators. If this not an option, you can figure it yourself by resolving your office host names after you connected to VPN. For example:

$ nslookup service.company.office
Server:     127.0.0.53
Address:    127.0.0.53#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   service.company.office
Address: 192.168.1.22

In this case the subnet you need to route through your VPN is 192.168.1.0/24 which means all addresses from 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.255. Your office may have more than one subnet you need to route.

Secondly, you need to modify routing table by using ip command. Print out the table by typing ip r and look for an entry that points to VPN device:

$ ip r
default dev ppp0 proto static scope link metric 50
default via 192.168.20.1 dev eno1 proto dhcp metric 100
...
192.168.20.0/24 dev eno1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.20.126 metric 100
192.168.100.1 dev ppp0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.100.89 metric 50

So now you know that ppp0 is your VPN device. In my example there are two default routes but ppp0 has smaller metric so all traffic goes there. Now, add a separate route to your office network:

$ ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 dev ppp0 proto static scope link

Now you just need to remove the default route to ppp0 and you are good to go:

$ ip route delete default dev ppp0

You can automate this by the following script:

#!/bin/bash

# List your office networks
networks=(
                192.168.1.0/24
                192.168.2.0/24
)

# Execute it with sudo
if [ $(id -u) != "0" ]; then
        echo "You must be root to execute this script. Use sudo?"
        exit -1
fi

# Check if VPN is active. You can use ipsec status command
# if your VPN is not L2TP
tunnel=$(ip l2tp show tunnel 2>&1)
if [ -z "$tunnel" ]; then
        echo "VPN is not active."
        exit -2
fi

# Add office private network routes
for net in ${networks[*]}; do
        ret=$(ip route add $net dev ppp0 proto static scope link 2>&1)
        if [[ $ret =~ "File exists" ]]; then
                echo "routes have been already added."
                exit -3
        fi
done

# Delete default routes so Internet is routed via local ISP
ip route delete default dev ppp0


How to pass a value to read input before being prompted?

This is a X-Y problem. Why on earth use read for setting a variable in a script?

Set it the normal way; ans=y

This would make the function look like this:

IntHandle ()
{
  echo -e "\nUse 'q' to quit "
  read var1
  if [[ $var1 == q ]]
  then
      exit 1
  else
      ans=y
  fi
}


Try to remove problematic package on low level

sudo dpkg --purge teamviewer-monitoring

and resume package operations with

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


How to partition hard drive where already Ubuntu 16.04 is installed

You have to proceed like this:

Make sure there is enough space for your new partition.
Make a bootable USB stick of Ubuntu by following this GUIDE.
Boot via USB stick in live mode.
Open gparted and partition your drive.

When you boot via live mode, be sure not to mount your drive, else you'll not be able to modify the partitions.
If you do it, you'll need to unmount it via command line with the umount command.


Deleted folder in encrypted home but did not free any space

When using ecryptfs you'll have the same file appear twice (don't worry, it will only exists once).
However, in your case, my guess is that only the file has been marked as deleted (e.g. moved to the trash bin), but not the container - where the file (really) lies.

To delete the container, too, start the terminal and navigate to the folder you deleted the folder in. Type

ls -lah

and you'll probably see a folder that will have the same name as the other one, but starting with a ".", and ending in _encfs. This is the folder you want to delete, which you can do with

rm -rf <foldername>

but only AFTER you have unmounted the folder.


phpmyadmin : Running Firefox as root in a regular user's session is not supported

Just start Firefox as your regular user and got to http://localhost:80 as indicated in the last line of the message you quoted.


Problem in installing Build-essential on Ubuntu 12.04

Try the below command,it will install build-essential package,

sudo apt-get install build-essential

If you face any dependency error then run sudo apt-get install -f


Grub does not launch on dual boot with Windows 10

Disable Secure boot in BIOS
Disable fastboot and hibernation in Windows
Try boot-repair if that is still not working

 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

When i used to do boot-repair at the end of pastebin contents it has these lines

> If your computer reboots directly into Windows, try to change the boot
> order in your BIOS. If your BIOS does not allow to change the boot
> order, change the default boot entry of the Windows bootloader. For
> example you can boot into Windows, then type the following command in
> an admin command prompt: **bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path
> \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi**

Try this command
bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path  \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi
The above command works in Windows 8 as well as 10 but this should be the last resort unless your boot-repair options gives you this option only


Grub rescue after installing Ubuntu on a external HDD from USB

When you installed Ubuntu, it placed the Grub bootloader on your internal drive MBR, but all the grub modules are stored on your Ubuntu partition, on the external drive. Grub won't let you do much if it cannot load the modules, so, without the external plugged in you cannot boot anything.

What you should have done is to leave the Windows bootloader on the internal drive, and installed Grub to the external. Then whenever you plug in the external, just override at startup to boot from the external.

To install Grub to the external MBR (assuming it's /dev/sdb):

sudo grub-install /dev/sdb

To get Windows booting without the external, reinstall the Windows bootloader. To do this boot from a Windows 7 repair CD or the Windows Installation DVD to a repair prompt and run:

bootrec /fixmbr

You can make a Windows Repair CD from Windows if you don't have one. It's also possible to install a Windows-like bootloader from your Ubuntu install:

sudo apt-get install lilo
sudo lilo -M /dev/sda mbr

Note that lilo will popup a large warning screen, but it's safe to ignore it as this refers to when it's used to boot linux.

This is what it looks like to use lilo (note the command is case-sensitive):

bcbc@neptune:~$ sudo apt-get install lilo
[sudo] password for bcbc:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
  lilo-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  lilo
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 275 kB of archives.
After this operation, 807 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/ubuntu/ precise/main lilo amd64 1:23.2-2 [275 kB]
Fetched 275 kB in 1s (198 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package lilo.
(Reading database ... 505850 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking lilo (from .../lilo_1%3a23.2-2_amd64.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up lilo (1:23.2-2) ...
bcbc@neptune:~$ sudo lilo -M /dev/sda mbr
Backup copy of /dev/sda in /boot/boot.0800
The Master Boot Record of  /dev/sda  has been updated.
bcbc@neptune:~$

You'll see a warning that looks like this - it can be ignored when you use lilo as a windows-style bootloader:


A package was installed badly. How to remove it?

open your terminal and type

sudo dpkg -r equalx
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -f

update:

As you have mentioned you got .deb file. Now in your terminal do as

sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite equalx_0.51.deb

then try with what you would like to do.

hope that helps.


Recover data from formatted LVM (Luks, Ext3) after Ubuntu installed over it

You are not guaranteed that you will recover all your files. If you have anything precious in deleted files then the next worth giving it a try.

You are recommended to unmount this partiton frist. Yoo are not recommended to write on partition any more in order to keep data chains at the drive as they are. In other words avoid overwriting. Stop using this drive immediately!

Boot from Live CD or even better from the different drive with installed OS.

Then you should run the software which find and recovers files/data from your physical storage. It is possible still although Operating Systems can not see deleted files due to their references were deleted from File Table, or File Table was corrupted.

Scalpel

This is a filesystem-independent recovery tool for Linux. The latest version is 2.0. Install it in Ubuntu with

sudo apt-get install scalpel

Next is some text editing — the configuration file is /etc/scalpel/scalpel.conf. You will find that everything has been commented out — uncomment the specific file format that you want to recover. For example, if I want to recover a deleted zip file, I will uncomment the .zip file section in scalpel.conf

Next, in a terminal, run:

sudo scalpel  [device/directory/file name] -o [output directory]

The output directory, in which you want to store recovered files, should be empty before running Scalpel; otherwise, you will get an error.

Photorec

This is the fastest utility of the three. It’s installed by the testdisk utility package. If you don’t want to mess with the command-line, this is the best utility for you. Just run photorecas the root user in a terminal, and you will see a nice ncurses-based UI.

Select the device to search, and it will ask you for the partition table type. Select yours; in my case, it’s Intel. Next, you have to select the filesystem or partition of the device disk. Next, it prompts you to choose the file system.

Last, it will ask for an output folder in which to store recovered files. After making a selection, press y to proceed.

Note: The above utilities will not recover replaced files, because in the case of replacement you are replacing the inode itself, so it’s not possible to recover it.


Open up terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts

For more help please visit this site.


Fresh install of 19.10, had some issues around encrypton and partitioning

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS & later can use swap files, so no separate swap partition is required (this is the default).

The one partition will be your / (root) partition, it's not normal to have /root (root user's directory) in a separate partition (so I'm not sure what you mean by root)

After swap (no longer default) the other common partition is /home/ (for user files) which is not created by default; more partitions just complicate things for the average user - there are reasons you want them, but the users that want or need it usually use Manual Partitioning (something-else) & create what they want/need themselves.

What you have is expected.

FYI: The following is an example of a QA-install (quality assurance testing) done yesterday of Lubuntu 20.04 showing the partitions I got for default (*no encryption for that install, full disk & replace existing (prior Xubuntu 20.04) system using defaults (which may be different to your ubiquity install of Ubuntu 19.10 but will be very close). FYI: I added a load of [backup] files to it which is why used space is so high). Modern Lubuntu uses Qt which is why the KDE Partition Manager


Ubuntu is a distribution based on Debian. By being a distro (distribution), it stands as a re-packaged version of the linux-kernel with lots of stuff on top (such as gnome). Since Ubuntu is branched from the last stable version of Debian, most of the core-utils that you want are actually same as those used in Debian.

I took a look at ubuntu packages and a search for libc reveals the versions used in each ubuntu version.

The core of ubuntu is the Linux Kernel, and the Ubuntu Policy on keeping releases stable is available here.

When you develop for ubuntu, you can link your package against any version of the standard libraries using the deb packaging system that Ubuntu inherits from Debian. This allows you to specify a minimum version of the library that your package needs, for instance. You do not have to worry about compatibility issues across releases, rather check for the last version of the library that supported the features you are using. The Debian Developer Reference goes on details about this.


You need to use a fifo. This is a "special" file that is really a socket; when processes open this special file and read/write to it, other processes that are connected get the results of those read/writes.

For example, BIND9 would be configured to log to a fifo, then your PHP script would open the fifo as well, and just do reads from it. Every time BIND9 did a write, PHP would return a read.

See man mkfifo, but essentially:

mkfifo /var/log/named/log.fifo

Have BIND9 log to that (remove the versions and size parameters, they won't work with a fifo), then the PHP to read and parse it is up to you, but just remember you open and read from it like any normal file. Reads will block until there is something written to it.

As a test, you can do this:

In Terminal 1:

mkfifo /tmp/test_fifo
cat /tmp/test_fifo

The cat will block because there's nothing to read yet. This is simulating PHP reading from the test_fifo.

Now in Terminal 2:

echo foo >/tmp/test_fifo

Observe how Terminal 1 returns your "foo". This is simulating BIND9 writing something in.

When you're done with a fifo, rm it like any other normal file.


Hope-DT GTK+ theme displays white fonts after upgrade to 12.04

Kelley gave the answer in a comment that I will post as definitive:

After upgrading to 12.04, I ran into the same problem with a couple of my old themes. They needed to be upgraded to (I think) in order to work properly with Gnome 3.4. I went to the creator's website and found a version for Ubuntu 12.04, and it has worked perfectly. This might be what you need to do, too. If you access the Launchpad page for it (launchpad), I think you'll find a version for precise.


Is it a good practice to edit files in /etc/apache2/mod-available?

If you definitely want changes to be effective for all applications you're running now and and at all times you can imagine, edit the existing files in /etc/apache2/mods-available/, otherwise modularize as early as possible by separating into different files.

The latter case should almost always be the way to go as you'll figure out much later that you can reuse a configuration and write it in a shared file (one that is included in the main configuration or one that you include in multiple files) in most of the cases. That's what files are for.

If you stick to the default locations (/etc/apache2/mods-available/ is one) dpkg would warn you if changes would be overwritten, yet it's more comfortable to not be warned at all and leave package maintained things be package maintained things and your files your files.


how can I get /usr/lib32 on my 32-bit ubuntu?

32bit systems don't use /usr/lib32/, they use /usr/lib/. However, in the case of the nvidia drivers, they stick a pair of directories in there but nothing else.

$ tree -a /usr/lib32/
/usr/lib32/
├── nvidia-325
└── vdpau

2 directories, 0 files

Again, these directories are empty.


Lenovo Carbon X1 6th gen Trackpad stopped working on 18.04

UPDATE (Jan 7th 2020): The issue is now fixed for me on kernel version 4.15.0.74. I was able to reinstall linux-generic and get back to regular kernel updates.

Upon further investigation, the issue is clearly related to kernel version 4.15.0.72. For now, booting to the previous version (4.15.0.70) makes the touchpad work for me. I guess I will wait to upgrade until the bug is fixed...

To boot into this version, select it from your Grub menu on startup. I went one step further and uninstalled version .72, although made a note to reinstall the package 'linux-generic' again once the bug is fixed (that is a metapackage that always depends on the latest kernel, its what keeps your kernel up-to-date).

Not so much a solution as just a workaround for now...

Link to bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1854798


What is the Command Line Equivalent of "Safely Remove Drive"?

The udisks command is most likely what you are looking for.

While sudo unmount /dev/sdXY will work, udisks can do this without root level (sudo) permissions.

If you have a drive /dev/sdXY, mounted, where X is a letter representing your usb disk and Y is the partition number (usually 1), you can use the following commands to safely remove the drive:

udisks --unmount /dev/sdXY
udisks --detach /dev/sdX

For a practical example, if I have the partition /dev/sdb1 mounted, I would run this to unmount and detach it:

udisks --unmount /dev/sdb1
udisks --detach /dev/sdb

I originally found this through this question: https://superuser.com/a/430470/176493.

Using udisks2:

In the newer ubuntu distributions (I'm unsure of when the switch occurred), udisks2 is installed instead of udisks.

Mirroring the commands above, to unmount and detach a disk with udisks2:

udisksctl unmount -b /dev/sdXY
udisksctl power-off -b /dev/sdX

Example if my drive is /dev/sdb1:

udisksctl unmount -b /dev/sdb1
udisksctl power-off -b /dev/sdb


using sed to remove equals sign from a file

You have to use the g flag to do a global replacement. Otherwise, it just happens once.

cat FixMeWithSed.txt | sed 's/=//g' > FileFixedWithSed.txt

By the way, sed can read from a file so you don't need cat here:

sed 's/=//g' FixMeWithSed.txt > FileFixedWithSed.txt


Unity tweak tool does no change on 14.04

I've managed to find a workaround myself (It is not the way I wanted, but is the way it works).

I manually moved the default theme (Ambiance) folder from /usr/share/themes to another folder in order to have a backup, and made a copy of the folder of my desired theme (which is supposed to be in /usr/share/themes, as long as you installed it) with the same name of the default.

For example, assuming that my default theme right now is the Ambiance theme (Default ubuntu 14.04 theme) and I want to use the Ambiance-Flat-Blue-Pro theme, I execute the following commands:

cd /usr/share/themes
sudo mv Ambiance ~/Documents/
sudo cp -R Ambiance-Flat-Blue-Pro/ Ambiance
sudo reboot

The same works for icons, but instead of making modifications in the /usr/share/themes/, you just need to do it on the /usr/share/icons/ folder.


Differences between fish and bash to pass commandline arguments to alias functions?

This second command is actually a small bash-script. Bash is the programming language built into the shell. It's used by other shells, but not necessarily, as we see here.

Fish defines a completely different programming language to bash, though it does support simple aliases in the usual alias name=command form; You should define a function instead. This is how you would define the above function in fish:

stefano@lenovo ~> function lsp
                      ls -ah --color=always $argv | less -R
                  end

and funcsave lsp so save it permanently.

You can now run the expected commands, like lsp, lsp -R, lsp *.png* and so on.

You can also 'invoke' bash to run a script for you, using the 'sh' program (this will run 'dash' to be precise). But if you're using fish, chances are you want to use the methods it provides. I've just tested it for the first time, and I'm very impressed so far.

The functions are stored as a file in .config/fish/functions/ in your home directory. The file name will be, in this example, lsp.fish. You can either edit the file, restarting fish afterwards, or just define and save the function again.

The best way to learn fish is by reading its built-in help. From within fish, just type

help

and you'll get a very nicely formatted, extensive and easy to read manual. Actually, this opens the w3m web browser, because the help is in html format:

(press q-y to exit)


Run sudo update-grub in Ubuntu and it should find and add ubuntustudio to the menu.

Also 11.10 reaches end of life in a few weeks, so you should upgrade.


reboot and shutdown command freeze on my Ubuntu vivid 15.04

First this may be bug #1464917:

If this affects you please go there and let them know by clicking "This affects me" link above the initial bug description.

After the shutdown or reboot has hanged with this message.

Reached target Shutdown

You may only see this if you have removed the splash screen.  If the system has hanged for any reason you can use this method.

Try Sysrq

Hold down the Alt and SysRq (Print Screen) keys.
While holding those down, type the following keys in order, several
seconds apart: REISUB
Computer should reboot.

Once it reboots immediately try shutdown button again, it should shutdown properly.  Please add your name to the "This Affects Me" button at launchpad bug link above if you think this is the same issue.

You can also try the following after it hangs.

Try and login tty1 and reboot

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 or Ctrl+Alt+F2 or Ctrl+Alt+F3 ...
Write your username (lowercase, the name of the user folder in
/home) and hit Enter
Write your password (nothing will appear) and hit Enter

If your password and username are correct, you are now logged in.

If that fails try Ctrl+Alt+Del a couple times at that point in the tty1 screen

You might see a message that states the machine is going to reboot and then it should do just that after a minute or so.

Its better than a hard boot - until its fixed.


How to install a .ttf font in Xubuntu 11.10 32-bit

After installing gnome-font-viewer, opening the font with it and clicking 'Install Font' should do the trick for the current user.

Alternatively, you can just copy the fonts to the ~/.fonts directory.

If you want to make the font available system-wide, copy the font files to /usr/share/fonts and then run sudo mkfontdir.


After being stuck with this problem myself for hours, the only thing that did the trick was

apt --reinstall install libpython-stdlib libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib python python-minimal python2.7 python2.7-minimal


If the size of my home directory is 9GB and I want to increase it, should I increase size of my home partition or root partition?

On which partition is your home directory located, on home partition or on root partition?

If you have a separate home directory, increase the size of your home partition.
If you don't have a separate home directory, increase the size of your root partition to create more space for your home directory.
Optionally GParted can also create a separate home partition if a home partition does not already exist.

New installations of Ubuntu 18.04 create one partition for everything by default, and a swap file will be created instead of a swap partition. This allows for maximum flexibility in making use of the disk space that is allocated to Ubuntu.


Repairing Flash Drive that wasn't ejected with I/O errors?

This is a very late answer. If you are still interested in fixing this flash drive, you can try along the following routes.

Repair the partition table and file system or recover files

It might be possible to repair the structure on the drive with testdisk, and if that does not work, it is possible (bad hard work) to recover files with photorec.

If there are important files to recover, I would recommend that you clone the drive and do the repair work on the cloned copy.

You will find more details at the following link,

Repair the partition table and file system of a pendrive

If there are no important files to recover

If there are no important files to recover, you can try to wipe the first megabyte of the drive and after that use a tool to create a new partition table with partitions and file systems, that you want on the drive.

According to the output from

sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb

in your question, the drive is still working as a mass storage device. If there is still write access, mkusb can wipe the first megabyte and after that gparted can create the partition table, partitions and file systems that you want.

Or you can let mkusb restore the drive to a standard storage device with an MSDOS partition table and a partition with the FAT32 file system. This is the 'easy option'.

See the following links

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/wipe

Gridlocked

Otherwise, with no write access at the 'raw level', mkusb will fail to wipe the first megabyte, and the drive is probably 'gridlocked', which is the first stage of a failing process. See this link

Pendrive lifetime


r8169 is an in-tree kernel driver that supports a few Ethernet adapters including R8168.
r8168 module built from source provided by Realtek.
In some cases new adapters don't get good support by Linux kernel immediately after they are released. In that case using r8168 makes sense as a temporary solution till Linux driver is fixed.
So if your Ethernet adapter works well, then there is no need to install r8168. People get problems if they install r8169-dkms and forget about it. Later they get a kernel upgrade to another major version and the driver doesn't build.
If you run apt show r8168-dkms, you'll see

This driver should only be used for devices not yet supported by the
in-kernel driver r8169. Please see the README.Debian for instructions
how  to report bugs against r8169 that made it necessary to use
r8168-dkms.  .  Installation of the r8168-dkms package will disable
the in-kernel r8169  module. To re-enable r8169, the r8168-dkms
package must be purged.  .  This package provides the dkms source code
for the r8168 kernel modules.  Kernel source or headers are required
to compile these modules.


MaaS - cloud-init Connection failed talking to archive.ubuntu.com

The issue was an ipv6 DNS problem; disabling IPv6 solved both problems by following these instructions https://support.purevpn.com/how-to-disable-ipv6-linuxubuntu


Is there a way to use JAVA on Ubuntu after FF stopped NPAPI support?

The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is still available for Ubuntu; it's provided by a third part repository with package name update-sun-jre.  This obviously won't work for in-browser use when the browser has dropped the API it uses, but if your signing can be done offline, this will likely solve the problem for you.

Otherwise, you may wish to examine the reasons Mozilla gave for dropping NPAPI -- which all boil down to security.  Flash and Java, the main users for that API, are both security nightmares, and the trend in browser design has been for several years to move away from those helpers to XML and HTML5 to do the same jobs.  It may be a good plan to ask your bank when they'll be updating to more secure tools, or how you can assure the security of your connection to them if they insist on using outdated tools.

Another possibility, though I don't know how long it will remain viable, is to switch to the SeaMonkey browser.  It's Firefox under the skin, but it looks like the old Netscape Internet Suite -- and, at present, still supports Java (and flash, via pepperflash-plugin).  It has generally been a couple versions behind Firefox, so it may gain you some time for a better solution.

The last, and IMO worst option would be to use Wine to install and run Internet Explorer -- but I'd avoid even mentioning that this is possible when discussing this security issue with your bank.


Script won't run properly in crontab, no path or permission problems

A wild guess: geany running from cron does not have access to your DISPLAY; try adding DISPLAY=:0


OpenVPN and the NetworkManager plugin - Advanced Settings Questions

Works as designed

Cipher and HMAC settings must match the server settings exactly in OpenVPN. There's no negotiation in any way on those. I cannot elaborate on why it does work on another OS, but having different settings on client and server should not work.

If you need other HMAC and Cipher settings you'll have to change the server settings as well. In your case in which you purchase a service you don't have control over the server settings. Hence, you'll have to stick to the service supplied settings for your OpenVPN client.


application custom stock icons not working in ubuntu unity top panel menu (aka appmenu) ("Menus Have Icons" ON)

The AppIndicator framework needs to know about the icons.  To do this they need to be in a theme directory, or part of the custom theme for the application.  You can add a theme directory using app_indicator_set_icon_theme_path().  This allows the application indicator service to know where to look for your custom icons.  You can also install the icons in the default icon theme which is located in /usr/share/themes/hicolor.

Lastly, as a total hack, you can generate them on the fly.  This is what is done by indicator-multiload.  It is not recommended, so I won't link to it, but if it is something you need look there.


help with: "dev/mapper/cryptswap1 has no valid partition"

I've been searching and found this page.

Open the terminal and type:

sudo blkid | grep swap

It will show something like:

/dev/mapper/cryptswap1: UUID="6afe8dec-350c-424e-b902-18e7a6a0f227" TYPE="swap"

Copy 6afe8dec-350c-424e-b902-18e7a6a0f227 and type this command:

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

Replace this code and delete the # at first Line.

old:

#UUID=0a69433c-52f7-40a4-8baa-71ac1ae1cb07 none  swap sw   0   0

new:

UUID=6afe8dec-350c-424e-b902-18e7a6a0f227 none   swap sw   0   0


Dual Monitor results in 'greyed' windows

Older intel graphics chips have a limit of 2048x2048 as virtual desktop size with linux intel drivers.

You may get both of your displays working if you put your laptop screen under your other display. Here is my configuration:

As you can see I have 1680x1050 display and 1024x768 laptop screen. They result in 1680x1818 virtual display that fits the 2048x2048 limit. This configuration was necessary at least for ThinkPad x40 which had Intel ExtremeGraphics2 chip.


Is there a applet to switch desktop themes?

I did not see such applet in the repositories.

But you can write your own by using Custom Application Launchers:

first may have command for dark theme - sh -c "gsettings set org.mate.interface gtk-theme 'Ambiance' && gsettings set org.mate.interface icon-theme 'ubuntu-mono-dark' && gsettings set org.mate.Marco.general theme 'Ambiance'"
second may have command for light theme - sh -c "gsettings set org.mate.interface gtk-theme 'Radiance' && gsettings set org.mate.interface icon-theme 'ubuntu-mono-light' && gsettings set org.mate.Marco.general theme 'Radiance'"

Above is just an example. You can adapt it to your favorite theme names (check changes and config values with gsettings list-recursive and some diff-like application i.e. meld).


ubuntu applications segfaults and filesystem remounts with readonly mode

The remounting happens because this line in /etc/fstab:

/dev/sda1 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1

Which tells the system to remount the partition in read-only mode where / resides when a read/write error is detected. (So your data won't get damaged / more damaged.)

Thus I feel that it is likely that your disk got indeed damaged. Though I'm not sure why fsck isn't detecting it as it is supposed to do so.

As a temporary solution you can try to reformat the whole drive (as that will mark bad sectors on the disk as unusable and preventing any operations on them), but that is only a temporary solution and on the long run you'll have to get a new disk.(And frankly living with faulty hardware is quite annoying.)

The segfault is probably because a block got corrupted on the disk which your program either tries to use or execute.


Error when trying to install of LibreOffice language tool extension

this issue can be found here https://www.languagetool.org/issues/

you must install the package libreoffice-java-common or openoffice.org-java-common :

sudo apt-get install libreoffice-java-common


Unable to mount ext4 file system, it says mount: unknown filesystem type 'ext4dev'?

Yes, it should be ext4, not ext4dev. See the types of filesystems your system supports via cat /proc/filesystems.


An excellent alternative to dual boot is to use VirtualBox, which is available in the Software Center. With VirtualBox, you install and run Windows within a running copy of Ubuntu. I used to dual-boot, but I found VirtualBox to work better, since I do not have to reboot the computer to get into Windows and can even save the machine state so that I do not have to wait for the sluggish Microsoft operating system to boot.


Remmina: "Protocol plugin RDP is not installed", even after purge and install

I just ran into this myself (Kubuntu 14.04 LTS). I had the basic remmina package installed, but I wanted to add in all the optional protocols. I think I figured out why rebooting fixed the problem for you: the remmina process persists. It seems that when you close Remmina, you just close the GUI - the binary is still running, and it needs to be stopped and restarted to be aware that you've given it new plugins. At least, that's what happened in my case, and it explains what you observed - a quick killall remmina at the beginning saves a reboot cycle.

So, here's my method for a fresh Remmina install, with all the client protocols, on any *buntu variant, without nuking any saved connection profiles!

Clean your environment:

sudo killall remmina
sudo apt-get purge remmina* -y
rm -Rf /home/`whoami`/.remmina/remmina.pref

(Optional) Add the Remmina repo to get the latest build:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:remmina-ppa-team/remmina-next
sudo apt-get update

Install all the things:

sudo apt-get install remmina* -y


Ubuntu 16.04: Turn off new feature that external storage/trash now display number of windows open

I also find this annoying as I keep all my data on an NTFS partition which I auto mount.

The only workaround I found for this is to make links to the folders I use (the ones located on the external partition) and then move the links to your Home location.


Database Engine like MS Access in Ubuntu

In addition to the LibreOffice "Base" application, there is also Apache OpenOffice "Base". As mentioned on the Product page, "Base delivers native support drivers for a variety of multi-user database engines: MySQL, Adabas D, MS Access and PostgreSQL."

A related page on the Apache OpenOffice site also says:
"Starting as mere database access functionality of the other OpenOffice.org applications, Base has, with OpenOffice 3, evolved to an own database application. It allows you to access data on an external database of your choice (for instance MySQL, PostgreSQL, and many others), plus bundles the HSQLDB database engine, this way allowing you to kick-start with your own database."


Welcome to Linux! You probably read that touch text you quoted in your question from a guide or a book.

In Linux, almost every command has a "manual" that explains its options. You can view the manual page of any command by executing man <command> on a Linux machine.

So, from the command man touch:

   -t STAMP
          use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time

So, your example:

-t 03201600

#Breaking it down:

-t    03     20     16      00
-t    MM     DD     hh      mm
-t   month   day   hours  minutes

So March 20th, 4pm (24-hour format).

If you don't have access to a Linux machine, you can view these man pages online from here: http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/CGI/man-cgi. The man page for the command touch is found here: http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/CGI/man-cgi?touch


dpkg error processing package keyboard-configuration (--configure)

From Comments:

language-pack-en need to be reinstalled. Reinstall that using

sudo apt install --reinstall language-pack-en

Try sudo apt upgrade again.


Problem switching languages [Ubuntu 12.04 LTS]

In System Settings, Keyboard, Layout Settings, Options, you have many choices for a key combination to change layout, none being the default


how to install Conky Manager on Ubuntu 18.04?

You can install it with a .run file from GitHub.

For 64 bit:

wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/teejee2008/conky-manager/releases/download/v2.4/conky-manager-v2.4-amd64.run
chmod +x conky-manager-v2.4-amd64.run
sudo ./conky-manager-v2.4-amd64.run

For 32 bit:

wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/teejee2008/conky-manager/releases/download/v2.4/conky-manager-v2.4-i386.run
chmod +x conky-manager-v2.4-i386.run
sudo ./conky-manager-v2.4-i386.run


You can take that code, turn it into a script , and add that script to startup applications, so that on every login this runs automatically.

Script would be like so:

#!/bin/bash

xrandr --output LVDS --brightness 0.5

Save it in a file, e.g. myscript.sh. , preferably in /usr/bin, but not necessarily. Give that script executable permissions with chmod +x scriptname.sh

Then add full path to script in Startup Applications or make your own .desktop file in /home/yourusername/.config/autostart


Hide indicator-messages (Phone calls and SMS)

I had the same issue on my Lenovo x220 also running Ubuntu 16.10 for the last weeks until I found a suitable solution.

I think the problem at least in my case started when somehow received a phone call on the number associated to the SIM card in my laptop.

The easyest workaround is to set to its default values the indicator-messages contents, then it doesn't show.

  You can directly achieve this from terminal running:

  gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.messages applications "[]"

If you feel uncomfortable with terminal you can achieve the same result using dconf-editor.

First install dconf-editor with sudo apt install dconf-editor. Then open dconf-editor from Unity's Dash and navigate to: com->canonical->indicator->messages on the left pane's tree.
Then click on applications on the right pane and set to [] the Custom value field in the popup window, then hit Apply button.

I had to reboot to see changes in action (maybe a close and open your session suffices).

Hope it helps.


Why does "quickly share --ppa share" abort with a "can't create" error?

sbk is not a PPA. Something like ppa:robinj/gtkreddit is.

I'm guessing this is yours; ppa:desgua/sbk.

I don't think this is the current problem though. Try quickly package first. Does it succeed?


A .dsc file is a file related to the packages created, and the relevant related files of, a Debian Source Package (which is just the type of package - it's ultimately a package for Ubuntu and not Debian itself), which is what is uploaded to the builders for the repositories.  That's all it is - it contains no source code, only references, PGP signatures, and hash sums of relevant files that came with the source package.

I can only assume you are trying to download the Git source code from Ubuntu in order to build/customize/backport it.  The utility to download a Debian source package from the .dsc file is dget.

You may need to use dget -u to download and unpack the source package so you can modify it.

Note though you may need to make sure the package gets built in a PPA or similar so you have all the build dependencies - this is so that you can build a version that will build for multiple architectures.

Note also that if you don't have all the build dependencies locally, you'll have to install them all for a package rebuild to work.  (It's a lot more involved than a simple patch of code)


I still cannot comment on how xmms2 handles the situation, but switching back to "Analog Output / No Amplifier" in gnome-control-center fixed the issue and there are no longer hard bumps in volume when switching to the next song. The volume controls of e.g. alsamixer also behave as expected.


HELP! Booting Ubuntu off Portable HDD, lots of issues with GRUB

Go into Ubuntu
Open a terminal
Type mount and look for a single / next to it you should see something like /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb2 or something like that. All you need to remember is the /dev/sda, /dev/sdb or whatever letter it is.
sudo grub-install /dev/sd[letter] (Obviously [letter] isn't literal, it's whatever letter you got from the mount command in #3. Had to say it though)
Done! Now you can boot off the external -- assuming the computer can boot from USB.

To restore the original (probably Windows) bootloader onto the PC:

For Windows XP: Insert the XP install CD and press 'r' to enter recovery console. Then run fixmbr
For Window Vista/7: Insert the DVD and boot it. Run Startup Repair.


System sound playback is heard in microphone channel

Your sound is working, so this is probably not necessary. Check your sound hardware with

hwinfo --sound , lshw -class multimedia or arecord --list-devices

Make sure it matches what your MB vendor specs show. To get motherboard info

sudo lshw -class bus | grep -A 6 -i 'motherboard'

Make sure you have all the right modules and codecs loaded for your sound chip. You'll have to figure out those details about your chip and necessary modules

The hdajackretask tool in the "alsa-tools-gui" package will allow you to reconfigure audio jacks.

Certain chips don't seem to get reverse engineered properly upstream. Outputs and inputs may be pinned wrong. Some experimenting will be necessary. If a working configuration can be found, a patch to install a boot override could be used. I had issues with the Reaktek Azalia chip. That was the only way I found to get it working correctly. Pain in the A@#. But, this is free software with many volunteer contributors.

In some cases reinstalling alsa and pulseaudio can fix issues.

sudo apt purge alsa-base pulseaudio

-- take note of all uninstalled packages in case you need to manually reinstall some.

sudo apt install alsa-base pulseaudio

I Hope some of this helps lead you to a solution.


How to overcome the ALT key issue in blender?

1st off, sorry for implying that everyone should be using Blender (edited out now - Thanks). It must have been my frustration talking.

Back to this now... according to this very in depth thread (and others I've found), the best and easiest solution is to use "CompizConfig Settings Manager". I found it in the Ubuntu Software Center.
I can't speak from 1st hand experience yet, but I'm half-way now.


Cannot connect as Guest to ubuntu usershare from MAC OSX Yosemite?

Due to the recent fixes for the Badlock Samba vulnerability, and many of the changes necessary to address it, there are a large number of regressions.  This is one of the things hit by the regressions as a result of the fix.  (It is not likely a case of your configuration being wrong)

There is a bug open on this on Launchpad, but as of yet there is no fix.  There is no workarounds for this issue yet, either, so there is currently no way to 'fix' this issue.

  This post may be updated in the future if this changes, and if a fix is made available.


Upgrading from Ubuntu 32 bit to 64 bit with software raid

If your sofware RAID is in a different partition than Ubuntu is, you won't lose any of that data.


Unable to install Nvidia Drivers on Ubuntu 18.04.3

Problem solved! Got the driver installed.

So it turns out the dependency to the driver (nvidia-dkms-440) had a dependency (dkms) which had a dependency (dpkg-dev) which had a dependency (libdpkg-perl) which was in fact installed on my computer.

The problem was that I had the latest version of that package (1.19.0.5ubuntu2.1) and for some reason that was preventing me from installing dpkg-dev. I simply downgraded to 1.19.0.5ubuntu2 and was able to install this chain of dependencies so I can finally play Minecraft.


Install Cargo/Rust on Ubuntu 18.04 Amazon AMI to use Cargo Packages (Exa)

First we download our .pem file from the amazon dashboard, run chmod 400 /mylocation/mypem.pem to change permissions on it, run

ssh -i "mykey.pem" ubuntu@ec2-xx-xxx-xxx-xx.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com

in the directory with our .pem file and we should be in the server.

Next, we run commands

curl -sSf https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup.sh | sh

from here to install rust and cargo. These are needed to run cargo packages. After that we can install our desired cargo package exa with

cargo install exa.

Here I ran into an error error: linkerccnot found" on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. This is because we don't have gcc in the amazon ubuntu 18.04 ami. we need to run sudo apt install gcc, sudo apt install g++, and sudo apt install cmake but will also run into an error because we don't have the updated repos (since 10/10). This means we need to run sudo apt update, sudo apt upgrade, and when it asks us if we want to upgrade, we want to upgrade to the maintainer (Ubuntu's) rather than keep Amazon's, then install gcc, g++, and cmake.

Finally, we'll get a warning:

warning: be sure to add `/home/ubuntu/.cargo/bin` to your PATH to be able to run the installed binaries

So we add it by adding export PATH="/home/ubuntu/.cargo/bin:$PATH" or more generally,
export PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH" to our .bashrc file and run

source ~/.bashrc

to reload our bashrc file.

This should also work for installing other cargo packages. Have fun with Rust in AWS!


shares-admin crashes when trying to add a share

from terminal

1 sudo apt-get update
2 sudo apt-get install samba
3 sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
4 add to config next lines
[share]
comment = Ubuntu File Server Share
path = /home/ubuntu/ubuntu (place of your share)
browsable = yes
guest ok = yes
read only = no
create mask = 7777

Save changes in the file and create folder
sudo mkdir -p /home/ubuntu/ubuntu
sudo chown nobody.nogroup /home/ubuntu/ubuntu

init 6 (reboot system)

After all this operations you will your share from any OS


Can't get buttons to work wx.python (ubuntu 12.04 LTS )

You use wrong Frame. You create standard wx.Frame, not your Frame(wx.Frame).
I changed name to MyFrame to make this name more uniqe.

try:
    import wx
except ImportError:
    print 'Module not found'

class MyFrame(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent,id ):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id,)
        panel = wx.Panel(self)
        button = wx.Button(panel, label='close', size=(50,50))
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnCloseMe, button)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.OnCloseWindow)

    def OnCloseMe(self,event):
        self.Close(True)

    def OnCloseWindow(self,event): # not OncloseWindow
        self.Destroy()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    #frame = wx.Frame(parent=None, id=-1, title='Widget', size=(300,100))
    frame = MyFrame(parent=None, id=-1)
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()


Problems running 64bit Virtual Machines in VBox even with a 64-bit OS

64-bit guest should be supported, even on a 32-bit Host.

But do check the requirements and see if anything is missed out, make sure: VT-x/AMD-V is enabled in BIOS.

Also check the docs:
https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch03.html#intro-64bitguests

If you can paste the error message (Kernel Panic/BSOD?), we can assist better;-)