Ubuntu wasn't designed to do that. You can upgrade to 14.10 and then 15.04, but that is a time-consuming process and there are a lot of things that can go wrong. If I were you, I'd back up everything on your system and install 15.04 fresh. However, I'd recommend waiting for October 22 when 15.10 comes out. After all, I doubt you want to deal with upgrading to 15.10 after you just installed 15.04.


How do I disable a HDD/Pen drive LED blinking?

This is most of the time hardware related and cannot be configured via software, Ubuntu has nothing to do with it.

If you want to disable the LED from your computer case just remove the wire from your motherboard that lights it up, same if we are talking about an external disk case.

From a USB pen there are not a lot of options for that, maybe killing it electronically?


System program problem detected showing at boot

You are seeing the graphical frontend of apport. This could refer to a couple of problems, like program crashes, kernel oops, etc.
For more information you could read https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Apport

The dialog always lets you view the source of the problem usually describing the problem, as well as seeing the affected program.
So really this is all of the help I can offer, because without providing any additional information it is not possible to help you.
Apport writes all its reports to /var/crash. You could zip that folder and upload it somewhere and I will have a look at it if you want, but keep in mind, the information contained in there could possibly risk your privacy, but most likely it wont.

If you want to disable apport (I do not recommend that) you can change enabled=1 to enabled=0 in /etc/default/apport.


How to know how long my computer has not been used via GUI?

How to see idle time; the time your computer has no input from mouse or keyboard

To see idle time, you'll need xprintidle:

sudo apt-get install xprintidle

To show what xprintidle does, run:

sleep 5 && xprintidle

...which shows idle time in milliseconds
If you continuously want to show the idle time in terminal:

while true; do xprintidle && sleep 1; done

Off course, xprintidle can be used in scripts to offer a more elegant way to keep an eye on idle time, but this is basically it.

Just for fun

...Since we do everything with an indicator these days, an example how to show idle time in the GUI, using xprintidle:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import signal
import gi
gi.require_version('Gtk', '3.0')
gi.require_version('AppIndicator3', '0.1')
from gi.repository import Gtk, AppIndicator3, GObject
import time
from threading import Thread
import os
import subprocess

currpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

class Indicator():
    def __init__(self):
        self.app = 'show_idlet'
        iconpath = os.path.join(currpath, "idle.png")
        self.indicator = AppIndicator3.Indicator.new(
            self.app, iconpath,
            AppIndicator3.IndicatorCategory.OTHER)
        self.indicator.set_status(AppIndicator3.IndicatorStatus.ACTIVE)
        self.indicator.set_menu(self.set_menu())
        self.timer = Thread(target=self.check_recent)
        self.timer.setDaemon(True)
        self.timer.start()

    def set_menu(self):
        # quit
        menu = Gtk.Menu()
        item_quit = Gtk.MenuItem('Quit')
        item_quit.connect('activate', self.stop)
        menu.append(item_quit)
        menu.show_all()
        return menu

    def showtime(self, section):
        return (2-len(str(section)))*"0"+str(section)

    def convert_time(self, time):
        hrs = self.showtime(str(int(time/3600)))
        mins = self.showtime(str(int((time%3600)/60)))
        secs = self.showtime(str(time%60))
        return hrs+":"+mins+":"+secs

    def check_recent(self):
        while True:
            time.sleep(1)
            idle = round(int(subprocess.check_output(
                ["xprintidle"]).decode("utf-8").strip())/1000)
            GObject.idle_add(
                self.indicator.set_label,
                self.convert_time(idle), self.app,
                priority=GObject.PRIORITY_DEFAULT
                )

    def stop(self, source):
        Gtk.main_quit()

Indicator()
GObject.threads_init()
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_DFL)
Gtk.main()

How to use

Install xprintidle

sudo apt-get install xprintidle

Copy the script above into an empty file, save it as show_idle.py
Copy the icon below (right-click > save as), save it as (exactly named): idle.png, in one and the same directory as the script

Run the indicator from a terminal:

python3 /path/to/show_idle.py

If you want, you can add it to startup applications: choose Dash > Startup Applications > Add. Add the command:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 10 && python3 /path/to/show_idle.py"


This would seem to be a bug, but from so long ago it might now be called a feature. To use negative numbers in certain places you will need to add the end-of-arguments marker --.  For example, you can do

xdotool getactivewindow windowmove 0 -10

but you need to do

xdotool getactivewindow windowmove -- -10 0

This is because windowmove can take optional arguments --sync and --relative, but also (probably for backwards compatibility) the same with a single dash: -sync and -relative. Sadly, -10 is then mistaken for such an (unexpected) argument.

Looking at the sources for windowmove, you can see it uses the standard C library function getopt_long_only(). This function looks for long arguments that begin -- or -.
The alternative getopt_long() would just look for -- long arguments.

I'm not sure if the above link is to the definitive sources, but this feature seems to be around from before 2010.


cannot find crt1.o No such file or directory

On my system, I have both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of crt1.o:

$ dpkg -S /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/crt1.o;dpkg -S /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
libc6-dev:i386: /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/crt1.o
libc6-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o

crt1.o is in the libc6-dev package for the appropriate architecture.


Files aren't getting shared on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS ( Samba Error )

WARNING: 'workgroup' and 'netbios name' must differ.

As the error message tells you: change either the workgroup or the netbios name so they are different (ie. unique!). And it also tells you where to do this: /etc/samba/smb.conf.
See the section [global] in /etc/samba/smb.conf.
It will have 2 options named...
netbios name =
workgroup =

These need to be different. If they are empty the get defaulted. See for both these snippets from the Samba manual:

netbios name
The default value for this configuration option is the server's hostname—that is, the first part of its fully qualified domain name.
Changing the NetBIOS name of the server is not recommended unless you have a good reason. One such reason might be if the hostname of the system is not unique because the LAN is divided over two or more DNS domains. For example, YORKVM1 is a good NetBIOS candidate for vm1.york.example.com to differentiate it from vm1.falkirk.example.com, which has the same hostname but resides in a different DNS domain.

Source.

workgroup
The workgroup parameter sets the current workgroup (or domain) in which the Samba server will advertise itself. Clients that wish to access shares on the Samba server should be in the same NetBIOS group. Remember that workgroups are really just NetBIOS group names and must follow the standard NetBIOS naming conventions outlined in Chapter 1.
The default option for this parameter is set at compile time to WORKGROUP. Because this is the default workgroup name of every unconfigured Windows and Samba system, we recommend that you always set your workgroup name in the Samba configuration file. When choosing your workgroup name, try to avoid making it the same name as a server or user. This will avoid possible problems with WINS name resolution.

Source.

rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)

Add...
* - nofile 16384
root - nofile 16384

to /etc/security/limits.conf and reboot.
It is a warning, you can safely ignore it. Windows 7 clients need to have exactly the same number of open handles available as Windows servers, else it fails in some file copy situations with a "out ofhandles" message. Samba has taken care of it for you, but it's just letting you know your fd limit is set a bit low. Source.


If you are writing the iso from Windows I have found that using Win32 Disk Imager instead of Universal-USB-Installer avoids the cdrom not detected issue.

If you don't do it that way then this workaround works: http://www.mattkowalczyk.com/blog/?p=169


Since :bind will not accept weird virtual characters like the arrow-keys — only keypresses that have ASCII-codes or stuff like ctrlthingThatHasAsciiCode — I think using :bindkey is the simplest way to get what you're after. For me, the following worked under GNU screen 4.06.01 in xterm and could be added either into "~/.screenrc" (affects just you) or "/etc/screenrc" (meant to apply system-wide):

# ctrlA then right-arrow-key jumps active cursor one pane to the right:
bindkey "^A^[OC" focus right

# ctrlA then left-arrow-key jumps active cursor one pane to the left:
bindkey "^A^[OD" focus left

# ctrlA then up-arrow-key jumps active cursor one pane above current:
bindkey "^A^[OA" focus up

# ctrlA then up-arrow-key jumps active cursor one pane below current:
bindkey "^A^[OB" focus down

Depending on your terminal and settings, the codes you need to place after the "^A" may be different for you. To determine what these codes are, I prefer to use vim; open it and then press i to enter edit-mode, then press ctrlv to take raw input, then hit the key or key-combination in question * **.

When you use my approach, you'll need to type your ctrlarrowKey command fairly swiftly; screen stops listening for custom bindings if you pause for too long between keystrokes. If it's expiring too quickly, use :bindkey -t instead of :bindkey to disable the timer.

* Note that unlike in vim, screen will not like it if you insert the actual metacharacter escapes into ".screenrc" or other files you might source; simply use literal, individual '^' and '[', not the weird combined version that vim can output (at least, that seemed to screw things up for me).

** Some people determine special key-codes by running cat (by itself) in the terminal, and then pressing the key(s) in question (before using ctrlc to quit). I don't use this approach so YMMV.


Stuck at "minimal BASH-like line editing" when I turn on my computer

Actually the problem was that my ssd wasn't connected properly, and it wasn't being recognized, because I use a caddy adapter in place of my cd driver on my laptop. And probably it was caused by the transportation of my device


UFW Ctrl-C and iptables: Chain already exists

This worked for me from here

sudo ufw disable
sudo iptables -F
sudo iptables -X
sudo ip6tables -F
sudo ip6tables -X
sudo ufw enable

I hope it is helpful to someone, one day.


sudo -i problem - sudo: /bin/bash/asd: command not found

It happened to me right now while testing that what can be the cause of the problem and sure it is because of a non-existent shell being set as root default shell.

I couldn't run any command with sudo, I wasn't able to run sudo -i, sudo -i /bin/bash or even sudo su -, because there is no /bin/bash/asd.

The only thing that I could do and it worked was running:

sudo -s /bin/dash

to get shell with root access, sudo -s /bin/bash should work too.

Then use nano to edit passwd file:

nano /etc/passwd

you should see a line look like this:

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash/asd

change it to :

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

use Ctrl+O then pressing Enterto save the file.

Now use exit command to get out of dash shell which hasroot access.

You are done, however I suggest running:

sudo chsh root -s /bin/bash

to make sure permissions are correct.


rpm is a package type used by Red Hat/Fedora. It is possible to install rpm packages in Ubuntu but I don't recommend it as I had bad experiences doing that.

Firebird is already in the Ubuntu repository, you don't have to download it and install it by yourself. Just open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and run:

sudo apt-get install firebird2.5-super


How to fix internet connection in Ubuntu 18.0.4

Managed to get it working by adding the following lines to /etc/resolv.conf:
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4


What are benefits of aptitude compared to apt-get?

It has a more advanced dependency handling feature and a graphical front-end. On the whole it does not matter and lately I have been using apt-get instead. I believe it also tries to roll the apt-* features into one program.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptitude_%28software%29


Emergency mode after resizing Windows 10 partition

The tpm error is probably from the "Trusted Platform Module" chip.

A Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a specialized chip on an endpoint device that stores RSA encryption keys specific to the host system for hardware authentication. Each TPM chip contains an RSA key pair called the Endorsement Key (EK). The pair is maintained inside the chip and cannot be accessed by software.

The PKCS error probably has to do with Nvidia drivers being out of date, or not "signed".

Try turning off Secure Boot in your BIOS, and see if it solves one/both errors. Otherwise, if you can find a way to turn off the TPM chip in your BIOS, that'll take care of the first errors (but may cause a problem in Windows... you'll have to check).


I've solved this. I must use locale.gettext instead of gettext. I don't know what the difference is, but it works.


How to play a movie from Ubuntu desktop on Kodi?

I want to play on Raspberry PI with Kodi my videos from Ubuntu desktop.
My workaround was:

Install miniDLNA on Ubuntu desktop. This will be the DLNA server.
On Raspberry PI (Kodi), add an UPnP source, it will find the Ubuntu source, then you can play videos from it :)

Best regards.


Command and use the result of it to run another command

ls | head -n 1 && cd "$(ls | head -n 1)"

will do the job for first directory. For second directory, use:

ls | awk 'NR==2' && cd "$(ls | awk 'NR==2')"

For n-th directory, you can use:

ls | awk 'NR==n' && cd "$(ls | awk 'NR==n')" #change n with the wished line number.


Want Dual Boot with Ubuntu 16.04 on a USB HDD and Win 8.1 Surface Pro 2

It seems you have your BIOS/EFI configured to boot from USB HDD first and you have properly configured bootloader on USB HDD.

Now, as you want to install GRUB on the fixed HDD along with Windows, you need

GRUB config files on your fixed HDD and directly acessible to GRUB
GRUB installed to MBR of your fixed HDD

See grub-install for options to put config files in non-standard directory and make sure you point it to MBR of your fixed HDD. Moreover, I doubt if you can put GRUB config files on NTFS partition, so you may need to create at least small linux partition for booting. (I did not checked it)

Besides - I hope you already have a backup of your MBR?

Although, it looks like you do not need dual-boot menu when there is no external HDD. In this case my recommendation would be to restore MBR on Windows HDD so that it boots Windows when there is no external HDD attached, keep the bootloader on USB HDD configured for dual boot and keep the BIOS/EFI boot priority set to boot USB before fixed HDD. This does not require repartitioning of your HDD, and cleans the setup. The dual boot menu would be presented only when external HDD is attached.


Cant install steam because of 32 bit libraries "missing"

This is not a 'missing libraries' problem, this is a "Dead Repository Mirror" issue - namely, np.archive.ubuntu.com points to a dead mirror server right now.  As such, your system isn't able to get an updated package list to determine if the packages you need are actually available.
Temporary Workaround:
Go into your /etc/apt/sources.list file as an administrator (such as with pkexec gedit /etc/apt/sources.list or sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list for command line editors on the Terminal), and replace all references of np.archive.ubuntu.com with archive.ubuntu.com which points to the primary Archive mirrors at Canonical/Ubuntu.
Then run your sudo apt update and then attempt to install Steam again.  It should then work, though it won't be a more 'regional' mirror so your downloads might be slower to an extent.

Fixes on np.archive.ubuntu.com are completed, thanks to the Mirrors Team!
The mirror in question was redirected to the primary archive mirrors for now because the only mirror that the regional mirror pointed at is dead.  This should have taken effect within the past 25 or so minutes as of the edit done to this post at ~13:45 UTC.  So barring any stale DNS resolution records in your system, np.archive.ubuntu.com should now point at working mirrors.
(Historical information remains below.)
Per https://rt.ubuntu.com/Ticket/Display.html?id=35715 on the Ubuntu RT ticketing system (thank you to the Mirrors Team for referring me to this), the np.archive.ubuntu.com mirror (which is run from ubuntu.ntc.net.np actually) has been down for more than a day.
I prodded the Mirrors people today, and they are going to repoint the DNS for this to the archive mirrors in Ubuntu namespace at some point during the day, no ETA as of yet.


This documentation about Kalarm may help you too, apparently Kalarm has another script for starting on login.


How can I upload to a PPA without .changes file?

Use

    debuild -S -k<Your pgp key ID>

That should generate you the file you can then dput to your ppa


My laptop screen reduces light on dark applicatins

Temporary change for current session

To enable or disable the Ambient Light Sensor (ALS) using the keyboard:

Hold the Fn key and press the  key to enable or disable ALS.
Hold the Fn key and press either the  key or the  key to disable ALS and set the LCD brightness manually. Pressing the  key brightens the display, and pressing the  key dims the display.

From (What is the Ambient Light Sensor feature on a portable computer - Dell)

Permanent change across boots

You can turn off Ambient Light Sensor (ALS) within the BIOS. However, older posts in some forums suggest the BIOS (Press F2 on boot) didn't provide options for disabling the ALS. Answers on those forums say a BIOS update from Dell was necessary.

If you don't find an option in BIOS for turning off ALS permanently, check Dell support site for BIOS update. Entering your system tag number is the easiest method else you'll have to manually locate the relevant drivers.


How to use Airtel 4G LTE Dongle with Ubuntu?

I spent 1 month figuring out this. Finally found it. It uses a relatively new method to connect to internet. Check my blog post http://krblogs.com/post/62519969772/airtel-4g-lte-on-linux

Create a HTML page:

<form action = "http://192.168.0.1/goform/goform_set_cmd_process" method = "post">
 <input type="checkbox" name="goformId" value="CONNECT_NETWORK" checked style="display:none;">
 <BUTTON name="submit" type="submit"> Connect </BUTTON>
</form>

<form action = "http://192.168.0.1/goform/goform_set_cmd_process" method = "post">
 <input type="checkbox" name="goformId" value="DISCONNECT_NETWORK" checked style="display:none;">
 <BUTTON name="submit" type="submit"> Disconnect </BUTTON>
</form>

You are ready to connect


How to access a port on a remote server using SSH?

Connecting to a port on a server via an ssh tunnel can be done with the -L local port forwarding option.

For example, to connect to www.example.com:80 & to make it available on the client as port  8080, you would do:

ssh -L8080:127.0.0.1:80 www.example.com

This allows you to go to http://127.0.0.1:8080 in your browser & have www.example.com:80 available. You can also have www.example.com connect to another host instead of itself, making the tunnel into a proxy.


xhost +SI:localuser:root allows the root user to access the running X server. The current X server is indicated by the DISPLAY environment variable. xhost +local: does the same for every user, so the root line is not of much use.

The manpage has reasonably good explanations:

   [+]name The given name (the plus sign is optional) is added to the list
           allowed to connect to the X server.  The name  can  be  a  host
           name or a complete name (See NAMES for more details).
...
NAMES
   A complete name has the syntax ``family:name'' where the  families  are
   as follows:
...
   local     contains only one name, the empty string
   si        Server Interpreted
...
   The  local family specifies all the local connections at once. However,
   the server interpreted address "si:localuser:username" can be  used  to
   specify a single local user. (See the Xsecurity(7) manual page for more
   details.)

And the Xsecurity manpage says:

SERVER INTERPRETED ACCESS TYPES
   The  sample  implementation   includes   several   Server   Interpreted
   mechanisms:
       IPv6                          IPv6 literal addresses
       hostname                      Network host name
       localuser                     Local connection user id
       localgroup                    Local connection group id

With a bit of context: There are two commonly used ways to allow access to an X server. One is via an Xauthority file, which is shared by the clients, and needs no further server-side configuration. The other is via the xhost list, where configuration is done on the server at runtime (so this is not a permanent change).

So, localuser is a keyword to be retained as is (root is the username here). This is somewhat like adding to a group, in that the groups are in the server's understanding of authorization. However, no system groups or users are affected. Only the X server's runtime configuration is changed.

The default behaviour of xhost when run without arguments is to print the list, as the manpage says:

nothing If no command line arguments are given,  a  message  indicating
        whether  or not access control is currently enabled is printed,
        followed by the list of those allowed to connect.

For example:

$ xhost
access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect
SI:localuser:muru

(muru is my username.)

(From my post on Unix & Linux)


Summarize file sizes of a directory structure?

Perhaps the --apparent-size option for du will do what you are after:

--apparent-size
       print apparent sizes,  rather  than  disk  usage;  although  the
       apparent  size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes
       in (`sparse') files, internal  fragmentation,  indirect  blocks,
       and the like

That should remove the dependence on file system block sizes or other metadata.


Is there a difference between "apt-get install kdm" and "apt-get install kubuntu-desktop"?

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop (kubuntu-desktop ) -This is the recommended metapackage to install; the full Kubuntu installation, with all the Kubuntu recommended packages. This includes OpenOffice, Kontact, Konversation, amaroK, K3B, and others.

sudo apt-get install kdm (kdm ) -This will install the following packages: kde-wallpapers-default, kde-workspace-kgreet-plugins, kdm, libkworkspace4abi2, libqimageblitz4.


Wi-fi connectivity doesn't work in ubuntu 12.10

Update the System.

sudo apt-get update

After this command try whether your wifi working or not. If not means do the following

Then you have to remove the bcmwl kernel source:

sudo apt-get remove bcmwl-kernel-source

Then again install :

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source


How do I set an LXC container to start on boot in 15.10?

Update your LXD from lxd stable ppa: https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-lxc/+archive/ubuntu/lxd-stable and update LXD.
lxd is in development now (to be launched stable in 16.04 LTS launch) you can check the doc config in github: https://github.com/lxc/lxd/blob/master/specs/configuration.md, you can read here that you need config boot.autostart parameter

  lxc config set machine boot.autostart true


You can edit this in your .bashrc. In my case, it has a line that looks like this:

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi

From bash 4.2 and on, you can change it like so:

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1=$'\u2192 '
fi

And then save the file and run source ~/.bashrc to get a prompt that looks like only an arrow

Stipulations:

Obviously, you would flip the if/else if you forced color prompt.
You need to make sure your terminal runs UTF-8. Gilles has a good answer on how to do this in hex to prevent UTF-8 changes.


You need internet connection :

Install the linux-headers and build-essential then run:

git clone https://github.com/abperiasamy/rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux.git
cd rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux/

save and install the driver:

make
sudo make install

The newest version can be found here , you can compile it without editing files , recommanded by @heynnema

edit: original repo no longer requires editing.  see abperiasamy/rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux/.../usb_intf.c


The Updated Ubuntu Software Center Doesn't Work 16.04

I had similar problem.Then I got solution by installing the previous Ubuntu Software Center.
Open terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) then type following command and hit Enter.

    sudo apt install software-center

After installation, search for Ubuntu Software Center in dashbox using Super key. You can now install apps with ease.


Ubuntu server 20.04 missing wireds connections in settings

Edit the .yaml file in /etc/netplan:
ls -al /etc/netplan/*.yaml

sudo -H gedit /etc/netplan/your_filename.yaml

Use ONE of the following:
For netplan:
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp6s7:
      dhcp4: true
      optional: true
    enp7s8:
      dhcp4: true
      optional: true

For NetworkManager:
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager

sudo netplan generate
sudo netplan apply
reboot


Restricting access to hosts file/websites?

One of the best ways that I know of is to go to your Wireless web interface. To do this go to terminal type "ip route"(no "") then look for your gateway IP address. This should be the first thing next to "default via ..."(it should look something like 192.168.1.1). Then type that into your browser IE: Firefox, Google Chrome, etc... as a link or url. You should be prompted for a username and password if so type in anything as your username, and your wifi password (under password). Then look for parental settings, access policy, etc... Under mine it says Restrict internet access on... then add. Click add and look for your IP address/name of your computer. Click yours and under Block Specific Sites put in the URL of youtube.com or other website.  You will probably be asked to put in a parental password so you can use that. Also you probably can't follow these steps to the letter because all Wireless Web Interfaces are different so try other tabs or anything else. If you want to explore more try not to change anything without knowing what it does... it can disable your network or worse.


Unless you really have the rights to do it, better don't ask at all.

Ask the issuer of the PDF for an unprotected version. And you better provide a good reason for that.


What versions of Ubuntu Server include opensm?

opensm is installable on every supported Ubuntu version. You can install it with:

sudo apt-get install opensm


Ubuntu 18.04 Google chrome could not launch after installation

Try the next:

sudo apt purge google-chrome-stable && sudo apt autoremove

Make sure you have the right repository listed in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list:

deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main

Then do the next:

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub
sudo apt-key add linux_signing_key.pub
sudo apt update
sudo apt install google-chrome-stable

You could also try not stable versions:

sudo apt install google-chrome-beta
sudo apt install google-chrome-unstable


I have two problems. My ubuntu don't load without nomodeset and my graphics aren't working

You need to install proprietary drivers. Run in a terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nvidia-drivers-430

Then remove nomodeset and disable Secure Boot in BIOS if applicable.

Reboot and all should work.


Ubuntu "live" Server 20.04 - How to create custom partition /boot + LVM on a single disk?

Alright, I assume that you tried to format and/or mount the 3rd (root) partition. You have to leave it unformatted and unmounted, this way the option for LVM remains.

NOTE: When you create the Logical Volumes inside of your Volume Group make sure to format and mount them, otherwise the installer will fail.

At the Storage Configuration step, move to AVAILABLE DEVICES and make the following changes:

Create EFI or BIOS partition; select Use As Boot Device.
Create boot partition; select Add GPT Partition, set the size,
format as ext4 and mount at /boot.
Create root partition; select Add GPT Partition, leave size
empty (uses remaining disk space), do NOT format and do NOT
mount (leave unformatted/leave unmounted).
Create Volume Group; select Create volume group (LVM), name it
and select partition 3 with the checkbox.
Create Logical Volume(s); Move to the newly created Volume Group,
select Create Logical Volume, name it, set size (blank for
remaining disk space), format it and mount it.
Repeat step 5 for all the Logical Volumes you want to create.

Hope this helps.


Lenovo Yoga 500-14ISK orientation not working

watch -n 0.1 cat '/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device'*/*raw*

https://www.reddit.com/r/SurfaceLinux/comments/3sk5tp/autorotation_issues_plus_a_workaround/


How to turn off window refreshing during resizing

To control how the window manager (compiz) controls resizing requires a bit of poking around in the various gsettings values.

In particular there is the resize compiz plugin with a mode parameter which you can fiddle with.

By default it is set to "0" which is "Normal" and equates to whole window resizing

gsettings set org.compiz.resize:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/resize/ mode 0

A value of "1" is enough to stop whole window resizing and switch to displaying a frame

gsettings set org.compiz.resize:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/resize/ mode 1

A value of "2" displays a frame with a blur of the window border

gsettings set org.compiz.resize:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/resize/ mode 2

A value of "3" shrinks the window during resizing:

gsettings set org.compiz.resize:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/resize/ mode 3


Recovery Mode Freezes and no options turning up

If normal booting works, just the recovery mode freezes then it is possible that the recovery mode's kernel command line is causing the problem. Either it has an option which causes this error or it is missing one.

By default the recovery mode's kernel command line doesn't contain the "quite splash" parameters but contain the "recovery nomodeset" parameters. If you added extra parameters to your normal boot in the /etc/default/grub file, then those are also missing from the recovery mode's kernel command line. Obviously the "quiet splash" is not needed in recovery but the "recovery" is needed.

So at first I advise you to remove the nomodeset parameter from the recover modes kernel command line and try to boot with that setup:

While in GRUB and on the recovery menu entry press E to edit the menu entry.
Remove the nomodeset parameter from the line starting with linux.
Press CTRL+X to boot with the modified kernel command line.

If this doesn't solve it please upload your /boot/grub/grub.cfg file so we can see what other options are present on your normal kernel command line what maybe necessary also in the recovery's. (Or you can examine it yourself and add them to your recovery command line.)

To make the changes permanent you will have to edit the /etc/grub.d/10_linux file, search for the nomodeset word in the file and delete them. (Best is to make a backup of this file before you edit it, just in case as always.) For me these two results showed up:

  if [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY}" != "xtrue" ]; then
if [ -x /lib/recovery-mode/recovery-menu ]; then
  linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" true \
    "recovery nomodeset ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX}"
else
  linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" true \
    "single nomodeset ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX}"
fi
fi

So I would have to change this to

  if [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY}" != "xtrue" ]; then
if [ -x /lib/recovery-mode/recovery-menu ]; then
  linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" true \
    "recovery ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX}"
else
  linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" true \
    "single ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX}"
fi
fi

Then run sudo update-grub.


You can minimize window, by clicking again on it's launcher, it's called Dodge, and it was working in 11.10, but Canonical decide to remove it. You can re-enable it by adding this ppa:
  1. Open terminal (from launcher, or shortcut: ctrl+alt+k)
  2. Execute sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ikarosdev/unity-revamped (you have to enter your password in terminal after that.
  3. Execute sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
4. Log out and log in for the changes to take effect.


I see that this is an old question ... but it comes up early in searches on the topic, so it seemed to be worth giving an answer from the kernel sources.

There are two different ways a Linux filesystem implementation can "support" TRIM:

It can support the -o discard mount option, so blocks that become free are trimmed immediately
It can support the FITRIM ioctl, which is what the userland fstrim command uses to trim all currently-free blocks in bulk when requested

A given filesystem implementation can support one, or the other, or both (or none).

As it turns out, the FAT implementation has been able to do discard since kernel 2.6.28. That even predates the mount option, which didn't appear until 2.6.33. From 2.6.28 through 2.6.32, FAT just was written to discard unconditionally. Since 2.6.33, you can control whether it does or not.

As for the FITRIM ioctl, well, that became a thing in 2.6.37, but I do not see any sign that the FAT filesystem code supports it, even in the latest, greatest (as of today) 4.13rc5. Several other filesystems have implemented it, but no one seems to have bothered for FAT.

That's sort of too bad, because there's at least one perfectly common scenario where you would want a way to TRIM all the existing free blocks at once: you've given your ancient Banana 6000 a nice upgrade by dd-ing the full disk image from the old spinning drive to a shiny new SSD, so now, as far as the SSD is concerned, all of those blocks have been written, whether they matter to the filesystem or not. So, of course, you'd like the ones considered free by the filesystem to be trimmed.

But there may be hope. While I haven't had a chance to try it yet, I think this might work:

Mount the filesystem (be sure to use -o discard).
Create some empty files.
Blow those up to the maximum possible size using fallocate -n (which allocates the blocks without writing anything to them, so will not put much extra wear on the SSD). For FAT32 a file is limited to just under 4 GiB, so that's why you may need a bunch of temporary files to use up all the free space. (For this step to work, you need kernel 4.5 or later, where FAT has fallocate support.)
Once you've filled all free space, get rid of the temporary files, letting all the freed blocks be discarded.

This, of course, ought to work as a brute-force fstrim alternative for any filesystem implementation that is able to do discard but not FITRIM.

p.s. I do like the alternate links offered below in Tom Yan's comment. I was working from the more-or-less official git repo, but what I like about the service Tom linked to is that you can more easily switch between different versions of a file to compare.


software-properties-gtk is throwing python3-related exception

Ok, solved.

The issue was with gi module installed for Python3. For some reason it could not be installed alongside with python2's gi.

sudo pip3 uninstall gi

Thanks for anyone who viewed this and wanted to help.


Ubuntu-SDK is not meant for developing Android Apps. You need Android-SDK for developing Android apps for your Nexus.

See this link for installing: Complete Installation Guide for Android SDK / ADT Bundle on Ubuntu

LXD is a system-wide container daemon allowing the user to run containers that allows interaction with LXC software.

ZFS stands for Z file system. It allows good support for scaling and redundant storage.

As for a fix for your first issue, see this: unable to run ubuntu sdk cannot access lxd server


How to add a user from guest (sudo not working)

The Guest account is very restricted.  It doesn't have access to making any permanent changes.  When you installed Ubuntu it would have required you to create at least one userID.  That user ID wold by default have access to commands such as sudo and greater access for making changes to the system.

So the bottom line is, you can't run sudo from the guest account.

If your userID is hidden for what ever reason log in via the console

Use this to get a command console.  Then type in the username that was used to install ubuntu.  That will give you the sudo command.

Alt+Ctrl+F2


First off, 13.04 has reached End-Of-Life, and it is recommended that you upgrade to Saucy.

Second, the PPA doesn't contain any packages for Raring anymore (most likely because it is EOL), and so you can't install my-weather-indicator.


I changed my Python version - but it didn't "take" everywhere?

Try sudo update-alternatives --config python

Ubuntu/Debian has an alternatives system that it uses in the case that there are multiple programs that do the same thing. See man 8 update-alternatives for more information.


The usb device will overide the internal device when it is plugged in.
rfkill says it is hardblocked that usually means the physical switch is off, see if you have a switch or it may be a key combination like Fn+F11 for example.


Greybird theme (editing): Modify Colors in nautilus file-manager

Unfortunately I still have not found a way to change the view background of items (currently #e3e3e3) to the theme base_color (#ffffff), instead tough I was able to apply the color vice versa. To do this I had to add following line in the themes gnome-applications.css file:

  NautilusWindow .view {background-color: #e3e3e3;}

To adjust the side-panel to my likes I made the following changes in the themes gtk-widgets.css under the /************ sidebar ************/ header:

  ..sidebar GtkScrolledWindow {
      background-color: mix(shade(@theme_base_color, 0.9), shade(@theme_selected_bg_color, 1.35), 0.1);
      color: mix(@theme_text_color, @theme_base_color, 0.15);
      -gtk-icon-style: symbolic;

....and...

  .sidebar-row:selected:focus {
      border-width: 1px 0;
      border-style: solid;
      border-top-color: shade(@theme_bg_color, 0.85);
      border-bottom-color: shade(@theme_bg_color, 1.12);
      background-image: linear-gradient(to top,
                                        shade(mix(@theme_base_color, @theme_selected_bg_color, 0.7), 1.05),
                                        shade(mix(@theme_base_color, @theme_selected_bg_color, 0.7), 0.97)
                                        );
      color: #ffffff;
  }

The result can be seen here:
Greybird theme modified for nautilus file manager


how to recover from mounting /usr/ nosuid

Boot into recovery mode and choose the root shell option, then edit and fix your fstab:

nano /etc/fstab


Ubuntu Server disrgards console-setup when rebooting in VirtualBox

This is a bug:Console font does not get set, and you can see the patch from here.It's been fixed in 12.10, but the patch haven't been ported back to 12.04 by now.

So you can fix it by creating the upstart job /etc/init/console-font.conf with the following content:

# console-font - set console font
#
# Set the console font, in case the similar udev rule races with Plymouth
# and thus fails to do it.

description "set console font"

start on starting plymouth-splash

task

exec /lib/udev/console-setup-tty fbcon


What options are available for a gnome2 feel in 20.04?

GNOME FlashBack shares the same illness as GNOME Shell. They break user habits which existed for years.
So you have to install MATE desktop by
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-mate-desktop^

and enjoy its Traditional panel layout

with flexibility and usage of modern technologies like GTK3.
Also you can enable Plank dock on any side of the screen. Adding application launchers to any MATE panel is also possible. So, it's your desktop and only you decide how it will look.


Why are all the windows of an application getting minimized when I click on that app icon in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS?

(By default, Ubuntu Dock is not configured to minimize on click. For interested readers, please find how you can enable this behaviour below.)

When you click on an app icon in Ubuntu Dock, which is configured to "minimize" if you click the icon, it would appear logical that the entire application is minimized by default. However, try pressing the Shift key while clicking an application icon. This will minimize only the most foremost window. Subsequent Shift+clicks will minimize the other windows one by one.

Having this behavior as the default option on clicking the icon of your focused application would be a feature request. You currently cannot configure Ubuntu Dock (and Dash to Dock) like this.

Such behavior might actually be considered to be inconsistent. After all, a click on an icon of a not focuses application currently raises all windows (as opposed to how Unity launcher works), so consistently, a single click should also hide all windows.

Enabling the minimize on click and Shift-click behaviour

The quickest and safest way is to change the setting usinggsettings terminal commands:

For click:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock click-action 'minimize'

For Shift-click:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock shift-click-action 'minimize'

Alternatively, you can use dconf-editor (not installed by default), and navigate to that key to change the settings.


How to replace the remote old root partition?

Your /etc/fstab is going to have an entry like this:

  UUID=5533a862-a975-4a4e-ad8e-31327966c028 /   ext4    errors=remount-ro   0   1

or like this:

  /dev/sda3 /   ext4    errors=remount-ro   0   1

You need to make the /etc/fstab entry point to either the new device file our the disk's UUID

Before changing the fstab, mount it as a disk owned by root and verify you can see the files:
add to fstab where the /dev file points to new disk and just after the root mount shown above:

/dev/sda3   /newroot    ext4    errors=remount-ro   0   1
sudo mkdir /newroot
sudo mount -a

If it mounts, then verify root can read/write files okay in /newroot

If that works, edit /etc/fstab to put a # in front of existing root and change new line you added to be / instead of /newroot then reboot. Note, you'll have to use a LiveCD to set it back or edit the fstab if it fails to boot properly


This question was already answered in another post (see here) although the answer that did get the most votes did not work for me. The problem is a bug in the ubuntu version 18.04.4  Ubuntu/casper bug #1489855. In my specific case I could not install it on a Dell Precison 7920 station. What worked for me was to use an older version of ubuntu 18.04 in particular 18.04.1 and then upgrade to the latest 18.04 LTS. Hope this helps.


At this screen, choose Something else

Then you should click on your main Ubuntu partition then choose 'Change' from the small buttons at the bottom left, choose Ext4 journalling file system (or similar). You should then put a single / in the mount path field. This is your Root Filesystem that will be used for the storage of all data on your system (excluding USB drives, etc). Also, you should not have the partitions mounted while you are editing them.

Note: It is recommended to have an extra swap partition with the same size of your RAM, which is used as extra memory for your system. See here: DiskSpace - Community Ubuntu Documentation and here: Swap Faq

EDIT: Run the command sudo dmraid -rE in a terminal, then retry the installation. From this question: ubuntu 12.04 installer does not recognize drive partitions


My new Nvidia card has screen tearing in games

Two steps that solved the problem for me on my gtx 960 on Kubuntu 14.04

1st try adding this to your xorg.conf file @ /etc/X11/

Section "Screen"

Option         "metamodes" "nvidia-auto-select +0+0 {ForceFullComposition = On}"

If that works only sometimes or distorts clarity on internet or game video then add this and it should make a big difference and hopefully permanent fix.

Section "Screen"

Option         "TripleBuffer" "1"

You can check out my research here-askubuntu.


From the Geany menu bar:

Edit → Preferences → Interface → Message Window Position: Right (Default: Bottom)


Open "System Settings" > "User Accounts" and click on the "Unlock" button in the top-right corner, enter your sudo password and the "+" button in the bottom-left corner will be enabled.

If you need more advanced features, you can also install gnome-system-tools: open a Terminal by hitting Ctrl+Alt+t and run:

sudo apt-get install gnome-system-tools

Then hit Enter, type in your password and, if prompted to do so, hit y to confirm. Then run exit to close the Terminal.

To run gnome-system-tools: open a Terminal by hitting Ctrl+Alt+t and run:

gnome-system-tools

Once done, close gnome-system-tools and run exit to close the Terminal.


How do I install DKMS (and others) for my NVidia drivers on Vivid?

You need to create some normal sources.list.
Run

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

and replace its contents with

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid main multiverse universe restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security main multiverse universe restricted

Then run

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall nvidia-352
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

and reboot. That should let you boot normally.

And after you boot to GUI, you can use this answer to re-create normal sources.list.


How do I get Pidgin to authorize for Facebook?

Facebook changed its API and messaging protocol in 2015, thus XMPP applications are no longer able to connect:

https://developers.facebook.com/docs/chat

You can try another native client:

https://github.com/Aluxian/Facebook-Messenger-Desktop

(Personally, I recommend version 2.0.2.)


There are two ways of making a file executable:

GUI Method:

Go to the permissions tab, then tick the box Execute: [✓] Allow executing file as program.

Command line method:

Just run:

chmod +x /path/to/your/file.txt

Note that chmod does also have some more advanced options. It accepts three groups of options, represented as --- --- ---. The first set of --- is User. The second is Group and the last is Other (everyone else).

r stands for Read, w for Write and x for eXecute.

To allow everyone to read it, but only Group to execute and User to read and write it would be -rw- rx- r--. This would be added to the command as:

chmod +rw-rx-r-- /path/to/file.extension

chmod also can do this in numbers. It is based on binary.

So there are these numbers:

Execute by user is 100.
Execute by group is 010.
Execute by other is 001

Write by user is 200.
Write by group is 020.
Write by other is 002.

Read by user is 400.
Read by group is 040.
Read by other is 004.

Then you add these together to get the desired combination.

So to allow everyone to read it, but only Group to execute and User to write it would be 400 + 040 + 004 and 010 and 200

That adds up to 600 + 050 + 004 = 654.

You could then run the command.

chmod +654 /path/to/file.extension

to set it. So to set all permissions you can run:

chmod +rwxrwxrwx /path/to/file.extension

or

chmod +777 /path/to/file.extension

Finally, you can do:

chmod -777 /path/to/file.extension

To take all permissions away from everyone.

And:

chmod +300 /path/to/file.extension

To add read and write for the user, without affecting any other permissions (e.g. Execute permissions).

This website has a very useful little tool, whereby you can tick the options you want and it gives you the command:

However, not all the possible combinations are sensible to use; the main ones that are used are the following:

755 - Owner has all, and Group and Other can read and execute
700 - Owner has all
644 - Owner can read and write, and Group and Other can read
600 - Owner can read and write

And, if you're using non-trivial user groups:

775 - Owner can read and write, and Group and Other can read
770 - Owner and Group have all, and Other can read and execute
750 - Owner has all, and Group can read and execute
664 - Owner and Group can read and write, and Other can just read
660 - Owner and Group can read and write
640 - Owner can read and write, and Group can read

777 and 666 are rarely used, except in /tmp.

Thanks Ilmari Karonen for pointing out the ones in common usage!


How do I migrate shotwell tags to clean installation?

Two ways of doing this, depending on one particular setting in the options:

If you do have this box checked, all the tags are already in the photos. Just backup and restore to the new install.

If you  do not have this checked, just copy your .shotwell folder from your home directory (press CTRL + H to show hidden files), and then copy it to the new install. For shotwell 0.13.0 or later, instead copy ~/.local/share/shotwell


Netflix not working in Firefox, how to fix?

You can install Firefox 49, which should have Netflix support, but there have been reports of some pretty serious graphical issues in that version.

Chrome will work just fine for Netflix, so I recommend you install that. You'll have to get it from Google's website. If you are using 32-bit Ubuntu, you can't install Chrome, unfortunately, and will have to try FF 49.

Note: Installing the .deb file from Google will fail unless you install a dependency first:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libappindicator1

Chromium is not a good option. It is similar to Chrome, but it doesn't have a lot of the proprietary stuff Chrome does, like Netflix compatibility.


List of available wi-fi networks does not show up. Just 'Add' button

Go to System Settings, then click on Software and Updates, go to Additional Drivers. Then select the Broadcom driver and apply changes.


Are there any means of compressing a block device at the block level? something like cloop but with read-write capabilies

No, since you can't predict what compression ratio you are going to get, so you don't know how much real storage you need to hold the compressed data.  The fecal matter would hit the rotary air impeller if you started filling such a device with very non compressible data.

zram gets around it by not allocating memory to hold the compressed data until it actually needs it, and assumes that you have plenty more ram than the maximum size of the zram device.


Is there any way to save my session in Ubuntu 16.04 (NOT hibernate)?

I wrote a little tool that can do that and there is also a gnome-shell-extension that uses it. You can install it via npm install -g linux-window-session-manager. Nodejs needs to be installed and on some machines you have to add sudo to the command. Afterwards you can run:

lwsm save sessionName
# and
lwsm restore sessionName

Note that wayland applications are not included (but XWayland works fine).


Can I install Ubuntu 14.04 on a 8 GB ssd harddrive?

Yes. 5GB is considered the minimum. I think you could probably get away with even less.
It wouldn't allow you to start the installation if you didn't have enough space.


I have Acer F5-573G-59V4 Laptop i want to dual boot it (Windows + Ubuntu), Help me with the procedure to dual boot it..?

The link given by @Terrance above should help you prepare your hard disk to accept Ubuntu, and there are several other websites that deal with it, so I won't go into that here.
Apart from the important requirements to make sure that Secure Boot is disabled in your BIOS/UEFI, and to make sure that Windows fast start-up is disabled, Acer BIOS/UEFI has an extra menu only accessible if you set a supervisor password. Acers are notoriously difficult to install Linux on.
Follow these steps :
They assume that you have already installed  Ubuntu and it won't boot, but might also be required for booting from a Live USB

Make sure your UEFI is up to date.
In UEFI, you must set a supervisor password. Once the supervisor password is set, some new menus are accessible.
Enter the "Select an UEFI file as trusted for executing" menu. It will allow you to declare the newly installed Ubuntu boot image as trusted on your laptop.
Select EMMC >> EFI >> Ubuntu and select the file shimx64.efi. You will be prompted to give it a name of your choice (which will appear in the F12 boot options).
Type the name press Enter and then "Yes" should be highlighted.
Press enter again. Restart the computer without any boot disk and tap F12 during the boot process.
You should now get the boot option menu with the name you chose.
You can change the boot order in UEFI now so that it boots directly to the Grub screen.
Either disable the supervisor password, or save it in a secure place.


I installed WINE on my device, can I make a WINE.desktop file to open *.exe s via GUI?

sudo cp /usr/share/doc/wine-stable/examples/wine.desktop /usr/share/applications/

or
Code:

sudo ln -s /usr/share/doc/wine-stable/examples/wine.desktop /usr/share/applications/

Then wine windows program loader will show up in the nautilus' "open with" list.


How can I reset all Rhythmbox preferences and library information?

Remove these folders:

~/.local/share/rhythmbox
~/.cache/rhythmbox
~/.gconf/apps/rhythmbox.

You can use your file browser to do this or run this command from the terminal:

rm ~/.local/share/rhythmbox/ ~/.cache/rhythmbox/ ~/.gconf/apps/rhythmbox/ -r


Error message in software center - not in lp-ppa-pasgui

What is it trying to tell me?

That it doesn't exist anymore.

  pasgui is in the list as http://ppa.launchpad.net/pasgui/pps/ubuntu precise main

There is the problem, it isn't pps but ppa. If you click the same link you will be found with a Not Found (404) error. Remove the line from your sources.list then run this:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pasgui/ppa
sudo apt-get update

Now it should work fine.


Cannot connect to a specific wifi on ubuntu 18.04

Please check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

sudo nano /etc/default/crda

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Reboot and tell us if there is any improvement.


How to circumvent "Illegal instruction error" with midori, luakit and surf

This sounds like a bug to me. Assuming you are using libglib2.0-0 version 2.24 which is current for Ubuntu 12.04, I'd suggest that you report the bug in Launchpad under webkit, since it's a common denominator. Chromium runs tabs under separate processes and may use webkit differently in other ways, too.

After the bug is triaged a different cause may be determined, but I think that would be a good start. It's no sin to get the package name wrong, but it's important to get all bugs reported.

I mention libglib2.0-0 as the glib version is mentioned in the topic about a similar crash in the Midori FAQ.


PyGTK: Opening Links in Default Web Browser

Two solutions in one! :)

First, there is a special button widget just for this job: GtkLinkButton. You create a GtkLinkButton just like a normal button. Here is a simple example program written with Python and PyGObject. PyGTK should look pretty similar:

from gi.repository import Gtk
window = Gtk.Window()
button = Gtk.LinkButton("http://www.google.com", label="google.com")
window.add(button)
window.show_all()
Gtk.main()

As an alternative, you can directly call the function gtk_show_uri.

If you need more sophisticated application launching stuff, take a look at Gio.


Panel application menu icon location in BUDGIE

Not sure if this has been answered yet. However, based on the screenshot, it looks like you're looking for the icon for Ubuntu Budgie for 20.04+ (could be 20.10).
This icon is located at /usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/ubuntu-budgie-symbolic.svg. If you run sudo find / -iname 'ubuntu-budgie-symbolic*' solely based on the data from your screenshot, you should find it there.
In ubuntu-budgie in focal, this is the default start menu icon, however in bionic it is start-here-symbolic.svg which is found in the /usr/share/icons folder for the currently applied theme (Adwaita/scalable/places/ - Pocillo/symbolic/places - Faba/symbolic/places).
Hope this helps.


Backup/Export contacts from Ubuntu Touch (official launch r100, Ubuntu 13.10 - armhf (20131017))

I guess there aren't too many people using Ubuntu Touch out there, but fortunately thanks to Khurshid Alam answering this question: How do I sync contacts on Ubuntu Touch? I was able to backwards engineer how to back up my contacts from his method to import (I was not able to backwards engineer the method I posted in my question).
So just to clarify,
here is the easiest way to export your Ubuntu Touch contacts to a file:
Open the terminal from your Ubuntu Touch device and type:
sudo syncevolution --export /home/phablet/Documents/utcontacts.vcf backend=evolution-contacts database=Personal

This will save your contacts to a file called utcontacts.vcf in your Documents directory.
Once you have a new installation of Ubuntu touch you can copy the file back to your Documents directory and restore your contacts by opening a terminal and typing:
syncevolution --import /home/phablet/Documents/utcontacts.vcf backend=evolution-contacts database=Personal


You can reduce your VM RAM to 2048, 128K VRAM, and set your VM CPU count = 2. That should make it fly. Cheers, Al


vim cannot layout properly with eliminator

You can use stty columns <arg> to change column width of window or stty rows <arg> to change the row height of the window.

For more info on stty refer this page

In vi/vim it uses the same settings as your terminal. In gvim or terminator to change the font size you can use :set guifont=<value> or you can set this value permanently in .vimrc file

Refer Vim wiki on how to change the font.

Hope this helps


Mirror Files and Documents from Windows machine to Ubuntu in Virtualbox

Thanks all who were trying to help.

I finally figured it out.

Here is what I did:

sudo gedit /usr/local/bin/mountscript.sh

In Virtualbox make sure to create a share for what ever drive you want to access (mine is C), and name the share C. Oh, and make sure it is marked permanent.

Paste in this and save (make sure and replace [UBUNTU_USERNAME] and [WINDOWS_USERNAME] with their respective usernames):

#!/bin/bash
sudo mount -t vboxsf C /media/C
sudo mount --bind /media/C/Users/[WINDOWS_USERNAME]/Documents/ ~/Documents/
sudo mount --bind /media/[UBUNTU_USERNAME]/C/Users/[WINDOWS_USERNAME]/Documents /home/[UBUNTU_USERNAME]/Documents

Then to make it executable run this:

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/mountscript.sh

Then to make sure you do not have to enter your password each time you boot:

sudo visudo

Then at the end add this:

[UBUNTU_USERNAME] ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/local/bin/mountscript.sh, /bin/mount

Then open the dash and search for: Startup Applications.

Click add, and in the name field type: Mount Script

In the command field type: /usr/local/bin/mountscript.sh

Click add. Close out everything and reboot!

Hope this helps!


How can I determine what is blanking my screen?

Suggest you have your evening task run xset dpms 10 20 0 which hits standby in 10 seconds, hits suspend after 20 seconds, and won't drop into OFF mode, which is where I think your problem lies.


I think those are "Shockwave" games. Not Adobe Flash games. There is no "Adobe Shockwave" binary available for Linux.

http://get.adobe.com/shockwave/

Though you can play those games using - Wine + Windows Version of Firefox + Shockwave Player. Or perhaps you might wana try VirtualBox -> Windows XP SP3 -> Shockwave Player -> Internet Explorer 8


wsl2 Ubuntu error with my alias 's: invalid option -- '

The issue, as @steeldriver is implying,  was that I edited the .bash_aliases file from windows with CRLF line endings.

Once I changed it to LF, everything worked as expected


E: Cannot get debconf version. Is debconf installed?

If coreutils is not installed, your system is seriously hosed.

Does /bin/date exist and work? If yes, “just” your package database is corrupt. In this case, restore /var/lib/dpkg/status from a backup – e.g. /var/lib/dpkg/status-old or one of the files /var/backups/dpkg.status.* (remember to uncompress the *.gz files).


Installing Samsung printer driver for SL-M2020W/XAA in Ubuntu 14.04

Sounds like a Terminal pointing error.  The hierarchy works similar to most file system out there.  However, commands are a bit different.  First off ensure you are indeed downloading to the Download folder.  A simple Ctrl + Alt + T will bring up a terminal; this you should see

User(@yourmachinename):~$

Here you wil type exactly

cd Downloads

then

dir

ls works here to, but, keeping this simple you should find the package you are looking for.  Also make certain the driver are Linux compatible with the Printer you have and CUPS is running.  Make certain to open the README or INSTALL file first before anything else.


Changed by mistake the grub default boot to memtest, now cant get back to the grub menu nor to boot from a live cd

As Eduardo Cola suggested, I pressed shift repeatedly to enter the GRUB menu before the start of the memtest then in the GRUB menu I was able to select to boot to the desirable OS where I could undo my earlier mistake.


Texlive-common and lang-norwegian not cooperating

Sorry folks, I had added some extra ppa's so I unchecked them in Software Update. Now I'm only using the originally repositories from Ubuntu. Then I did

sudo apt-get install texlive-lang-european

to install the European package. Now I think I can use norsk (actually still working on eiditing a template that use american-apa and other stuff).


After I made a backup for /etc/sudoers file:

sudo mv /etc/sudoers{,.bak}

I get the same errors like in your case.

If you use

pkexec apt-get install sudo

will not work because apt-get will see that:

sudo is already the newest version.

If you use:

pkexec apt-get install --reinstall sudo

will also not work because /etc/sudoers file is not found to be removed and replaced.

But if you use:

pkexec apt-get purge sudo
pkexec apt-get install sudo

as described in this answer, everything will work like a charm. I can say this because I just test it again.

So, there is no point to lose time and boot your system with a live disk.


How to watch a video on every workspace?

Why don't you just resize the player, rightclick on the window-bar and select "stay/keep on top". If you're using totem you could also Ctrl-H to remove the interface, so that only the video and the borders are visible.

Before "backporting" from 12.10 to 12.04 I used to watch youtube with totem this way while doing other stuff.


Ethernet adapter not activated after moving Ubuntu Server 20.04.02 LTS to new hardware

This is what your /etc/netplan/ .yaml file should look like...
sudo -H gedit /etc/netplan/filename.yaml # use the correct filename
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp9s0:
      dhcp4: true

sudo netplan generate
sudo netplan apply
reboot
Update #1:
Note: You may need to create /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg
network: {config: disabled}

sudo netplan generate
sudo netplan apply
reboot # mandatory


Ubuntu 17.04 will not read Ethernet but will Wifi

Can you do me a favor and take out all that extra info , I need a basic ifconfig

not -a.

disable wireless when trying to use wired.

what are you settings for wired connection static or dhcp and if dhcp try static with dns static as well 8.8.8.8 or 8.8.4.4 is googles dns  and see if you get internet access .

If this doesnt work make sure you go back to dhcp before trying the rest.

can try to bring the device down then back up.

ifconfig eth0 down

ifconfig eth0 up

eth0 = your Ethernet device some times the call name is different a basic ifconfig will reveal the call name on the far left of terminal.

also try

sudo service networking restart

you can also use traceroute to see how far the connection gets to see if its reaching the out side

sudo apt-get install traceroute

EX: traceroute google.com

sometimes you can disable either net through your bios I would make sure its not disabled some where in there. if you never access bios prevously this is most likely not the case .

try

ip addr flush eth0

I found this to be interesting has alot of info on how to discover more info about your either net state .

https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/network-configuration.html

I like this idea use this network manager instead of the stock one witch might not be working correctly

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WICD


That's my video, and sadly I never found a solution.  In fact, since upgrading to 14.10, even my desktop now has this issue.  In fact, all of my Ubuntu machines have this issue.  I made a bug report in launchpad, no help ever came of it, just useless support for the wrong solution that had nothing to do with the actual issue, and their forums is more like praise Ubuntu.

I'm switching to Debian, and if that fails, I might be ditching Linux entirely.  I've lost money because I do music recording on the side, and I've had now too many embarrassing moments when my computer can't even record.


Access dbus session bus from upstart script

this might work for you ?...

script
    export HOME="/home/puma"
    chdir /home/puma/apps/whatever/bin
    dbus_file=$(ls $HOME/.dbus/session-bus/ -t1 | head -1)
    . "$HOME/.dbus/session-bus/$dbus_file"
    export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
    exec su -s /bin/sh -c 'export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=$DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS;exec /home/puma/apps/whatever/bin/appname' puma
end script

hope it helps ?


I cant delete a folder. Can anybody help?

It probably will delete it but it will take a while to complete. But using rm can error out with a -bash: /bin/rm: Argument list too long where it reaches a kernel limit.

There is a VERY fast method: use "perl".

cd directory/
perl -e 'for(<*>){ unlink }

unlink: Deletes a list of files. On success, it returns the number of files it successfully deleted. On failure, it returns false and sets $! (errno):

I found that gem on slashroot; in comments someone stated the "stat" in there was not needed so I took the shorter one.

Be careful though that your execute this in the correct directory.

Because that 1st one is a bit obscure the other one seems sufficient too:

rsync -a --delete {emptydir}/ {foldertobeemptied}/

create an empty dir ({emptydir}) and sync it with your folder ({foldertobeemptied})

Easier to understand and a little bit less quick than the perl version.

Also found on slashroot.


Search function not working correctly in Nautilus-Elementary?

This is a known bug that affects 32-bit systems which has been fixed, you need to update.

Bug #644652: https://bugs.launchpad.net/nautilus-elementary/+bug/644652

Nautilus Elementary is no longer being actively developed:  http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/11/nautilus-elementary-is-dead-marlin-file-browser/


Regarding inbuilt application PostGreSQL

The following command when run from the terminal will tell you:

dpkg -l postgresql

If it shows:

No packages found matching postgresql.

this means it isn't installed. You can install it with:

sudo apt-get install postgresql

It will ask you for your password and then download, install and configure postgresql.


How to get freewins plugin working in compiz?

This plugin is not longer supported, and when was being developed was very very buggy, and would cause a total system freeze. It also does not support input redirection, so if you rotate a window, the window becomes useless for anything but looking at it.

I would suggest you not use it. Unity has grab handles now, and Ubuntu 11.04 and up supports multitouch, so if you use multitouch, rely on Unity in 11.04+ instead.


First, check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit.

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Next, I'd set IPv6 to Ignore in Network Manager: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/18/html/Installation_Guide/images/netconfig/network-connections-ipv6-ignore.png  This example is for ethernet, but you want wireless.

Finally, I suggest that you install the latest firmware:

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-firmware/linux-firmware_1.158_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux-firmware*.deb

Reboot and your wireless should be working correctly.


How GRUB setting noapic affects the system?

Varies from system-to-system.  Some reports of USB issues have been made.

Have you tried booting with apic=debug and posting the logs and dmesg output etc?

Upgrading the BIOS might provide a fix to the issue that causes apic to fail for you too.


You could use a live cd to check or repair the disk
http://gparted.org/download.php
if all is well you can try to repair the boot
https://sourceforge.net/projects/boot-repair-cd/


What partition table does Ubuntu create by default?

There is no default partition format for Linux. It can handle many partition formats.

For a Linux-only system, either use MBR or GPT will work fine. MBR is more common, but GPT has some advantages, including support for larger disks. The main issue with GPT is compatibility; not all OSes support it, and some can't boot from GPT on BIOS-based computers.
For just a Linux system, I'd choose GPT. If you need to dual-boot with Windows, go with MBR.

That said, if you have a newer system, a very large hard drive, and you use UEFI I`d go with GPT.

The installer will use GPT automatically for disks over 2 TiB, if you choose the automatic option.  It will create either the bios_grub or efi system partition depending on whether the machine supports UEFI or not.

So to answer your question, it depends on your system, hard drive size, and whether you have UEFI or not.

Master Boot Record (MBR) - Most IBM-based PC storage units use this partition table format. MBR is often referred to as the msdos partition table. The MBR can only support storage devices up to two terabytes. MBR supports the concept of logical and primary partitions. A storage unit with the MBR table can only have up to four primary partitions. Many users wanting to make a multiboot system with more than four Linux distros often have the problem of not being able to support more partitions. Remember, logical partitions cannot be made bootable. Multiboot systems must use a different partition table discussed later.Linux.org

GUID Partition Table (GPT) - Some IBM-based PC storage units have GPT, although it is usually because the user reformatted from MBR to GPT. However, most Intel-based Mac systems use GPT by default. The GPT partition table offers many improvements over MBR. GPT can support storage units up to over nine zettabytes. GPT is also the most highly recommended partition table for computers needing more than four operating systems on one hard-drive. For example, if a computer with a ten terabyte hard-disk is meant to be a multiboot system for seven different Linux distros, then GPT should be used. Most Unix and Unix-like operating systems can fully support GPT. However, most Windows systems cannot run on a GPT partition table. As for Mac systems, only the Intel-based ones can boot from GPT.Linux.org


Dual boot not working (unable to load Windows) on ubuntu

I'm afraid you've accidentally deleted Windows from your computer. In your Boot Repair output, lines 57-61 show your partitions, which include an EFI System Partition (ESP) to hold your boot loaders (/dev/sda3), a 14GiB root (/) partition (/dev/sda1), a /home partition (/dev/sda4), and a swap partition (/dev/sda2). There are no Windows partitions among that list. Your ESP does include the Windows boot loader, but that's pretty much all that remains of Windows on your computer, aside from ghosts of former files. (See below for recovery tips.)

There is considerable free space on the disk -- your final partition ends at sector 95,688,703, but the disk has 976,773,168 sectors. Thus, there's a slim chance that you'll be able to recover your Windows partition(s) with TestDisk or a similar tool. I say "slim chance" because the usual way to install Ubuntu alongside Windows is to shrink the largest Windows partition from its end point, which puts Windows near the start of the disk and Ubuntu at the end or in the middle of the disk. That's not the pattern here, but if you moved and resized your Windows partition so that it started somewhere after sector 95,688,703, you might be able to recover it. It's worth a try.

If that fails, I hope you have good backups, since restoring your user files from backups is your best bet. If not, you'll need to use PhotoRec or something similar to recover your files one-by-one. (I've seen claims that third-party Windows-specific tools do a better job than PhotoRec on NTFS volumes, but I don't have pointers to specific tools. You might want to ask about this on a Windows forum.) Also, if you had important files on your system, stop using it immediately!! Every moment that Ubuntu is booted from that disk, it may be writing data to disk, possibly overwriting your old Windows data. Shut down and use an emergency disk for recovery.

If you don't care about personal files from your Windows installation, or after you recover then with PhotoRec or something similar, you can re-install Windows to the disk using emergency media. This page provides instructions on downloading various versions of Windows legally for situations like this.

Before you re-install Windows, though, consider resizing your Ubuntu partition; 14GiB is a bit small for Ubuntu. It's adequate if you don't install much extra software, but it may well run out. Unfortunately, since that partition is at the start of the disk, you'll need to move or resize others. The easiest way may be to delete your swap partition (/dev/sda2), expand /dev/sda1 into that space, and create a new swap partition later on the disk. This will require editing /etc/fstab to point to the new swap partition once you're done; failure to do so will mean that Ubuntu will not use the swap partition at all.


You can start with Ubuntu classic (no effect) that use metacity as window manager.

But this means to not have unity.


I'm using Ubuntu 16.04 and I'm stuck at my login, frozen screen

After trying multiple options, my best bet was to do as follows.

Open "try ubuntu" on a liveUSB
Open the file manager and open my drive, insert password, and go to my /home directory.
For some reason, I couldn't just copy my /home folder to google drive, so I manually moved all my important files to a folder in the desktop.
Moved  the new backup folder to my google drive, and let it upload.
Check to make sure all my files are still there.
Reinstall Ubuntu
Download all my files back to my computer.


Seeing your attached screenshot, I think you might have wiped away Windows when you installed Ubuntu... If that's the case, I would suggest unplugging your harddisk from the desktop and taking it to the nearest data recovery company. But just to verify it's not the case (fingers crossed), can you post the output of sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda? (That's a lower "L", not the number one)


How can I install an Android environment on my Ubuntu system?

You can download a linux version of the SDK here and install it on ubuntu if you wish, though there is only a 32 bit version available at present for linux.

The site also list the steps to get it up and working on your pc.


Run

sudo apt-get update

and try again.

Your package lists are outdated.

This can be seen by the version of oxideqt-codecs-extra apt is trying to install. It is 1.5.6-0ubuntu0.14.04.2 and outdated.

apt-cache policy oxideqt-codecs-extra shows

oxideqt-codecs-extra:
  Installed: 1.8.4-0ubuntu0.14.04.2
  Candidate: 1.8.4-0ubuntu0.14.04.2
  Version table:
 *** 1.8.4-0ubuntu0.14.04.2 0
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main i386 Packages
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main i386 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     1.0.0~bzr501-0ubuntu1 0
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main i386 Packages


Based on this link: https://forum.shotcut.org/t/shotcut-resize-maximize-when-timeline-is-showing/3044
I need to close the timeline section, maximize it. and reopen the timeline section.


Yes, you can. Your CPU can run in 64-bit mode.


Explanation of my "efibootmgr -v" output

I'm going to take these out of order, since some of the early lines refer to later ones. The bulk of the output is the Boot#### lines, which describe boot options.

Boot0000  Setup
Boot0001  Boot Menu
Boot0002  Diagnostic Splash

Your example output includes a large number of options like these, which have names but no further elaboration. These are likely built-in options on your specific firmware. In your case, these first three seem to be options to enter the firmware setup menu, to launch the built-in boot manager, and to display a diagnostic splash screen -- but really, there's no way to know for sure what they are, at least not from the efibootmgr output alone.

The numbers following the Boot string are in hexadecimal, and there's nothing special about any given number -- that is, Boot0000 is not reserved for any particular function, nor is Boot0001 or anything else. The numbers are assigned when a program creates a new boot entry, and the assignments are essentially meaningless. (At least, unless there's a bug; I know of some bugs that can make a firmware favor lower-numbered boot entries.)

Boot0003* ATA HDD2: WDC WD5000LPVT-08G33T1                      ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(1f,2)03120a00010000000000..bYVD.A...O.*..
Boot0004* ATA SSD1: SanDisk SSD U100 24GB                       ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(1f,2)03120a00000000000000..bYVD.A...O.*..

These two options describe specific devices. After the Boot#### string comes a description that is human-interpretable, at least to a point -- you can see that these are two disk devices. The ACPI(...) and PCI(...) strings identify the hardware, and this information isn't readily interpreted by humans, except by cross-checking with other hardware information. Then there's some gibberish, which is encoded data for the entry that might or might not be easily read by humans. In this case, it's clearly not easily interpreted by people.

In most cases, when you see an entry like this that refers to a disk device, the reference is really to the fallback boot loader file (EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi, at least on x86-64 systems) on the disk's EFI System Partition (ESP). EFI does not use boot loaders embedded in a disk's MBR, the way BIOS does.

Boot0005* RAID DEVICE2: 030a2500d23878bc820f604d8316c068ee79d25ba5388f9ca46ace40bf2f0ade9bc05d6d01
Boot0006* RAID DEVICE1: 030a2500d23878bc820f604d8316c068ee79d25ba5388f9ca46ace40bf2f0ade9bc05d6d00
Boot0007* ATAPI CD: 030a2400d23878bc820f604d8316c068ee79d25baea2090adfde214e8b3a5e471856a354

These are clearly more hardware entries. I don't recognize the format for these entries. You can ignore the long strings; just know that they refer to hardware devices.

I'm omitting a few entries here, since they're more of the same....

Boot000B* PCI LAN: EFI Network (IPv4)   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(1c,1)PCI(0,0)MAC(089e01381698,0)IPv4(0.0.0.0:0<->0.0.0.0:0,0, 0x.J.+*.N.....=8.

This is a variant on the disk entries, but this one identifies a network device. Note that it includes a MAC address (MAC(...)) and specifies use of IPv4 (IPv4(...)). If this entry were to be booted, the computer would try to PXE-boot from a network server.

Boot000C* Lenovo Recovery System    ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(1f,2)03120a00010000000000HD(3,276800,1f4000,26c6992a-07b8-43bc-98b8-d8c83e64db3b)File(\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\lrsBootMgr.efi)
Boot0010* Windows Boot Manager  HD(2,1f4800,82000,72931328-061b-42e0-8fd8-8a5ac7775074)File(\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi)WINDOWS.........x...B.C.D.O.B.J.E.C.T.=.{.9.d.e.a.8.6.2.c.-.5.c.d.d.-.4.e.7.0.-.a.c.c.1.-.f.3.2.b.3.4.4.d.4.7.9.5.}...e................

These entries both identify EFI boot loaders stored on the hard disk. They do so with slightly different syntaxes -- note that the first begins with ACPI(...) and PCI(...) entries, as earlier ones did, whereas the second uses an HD(...) identifier. The latter includes a GUID for the partition, along with some other idenfications. Both entries include a filename (File(...)). The Windows entry includes more gibberish-like data at the end, but in this case it's a UTF-16 string that's passed to the boot loader as an option.

Your example includes a lot of entries. Many EFIs produce much shorter lists -- for instance, they may be missing the built-in options or the options for PXE-booting from the network. OTOH, sometimes you'll see other options, like entries that refer to BIOS-mode boots. Notably absent from your list was an entry for booting Ubuntu. Here's such an entry from one of my computers:

Boot000D* ubuntu    HD(1,800,112800,a8d39218-44ce-455b-8735-919754df131d)File(\EFI\UBUNTU\GRUBX64.EFI)..BO

As you can see, that's pretty similar in basic form to the entry for the Windows boot loader, although of course the details differ. Your example may have been missing an Ubuntu entry because you haven't yet installed Ubuntu, because you installed Ubuntu in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode (a mistake), because your EFI is buggy and so efibootmgr was unable to add an entry, or because you explicitly deleted the entry once it was created. If you're having a boot problem, I recommend you ask another question and provide details.

The remaining entries follow these patterns. Now, backing up to the start....

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0008

The BootCurrent line identifies the entry that was used to boot the computer. In this case, it's Boot0008, which I snipped but which identifies a USB flash drive -- you booted using the fallback boot loader stored on that drive.

Timeout: 0 seconds

This line identifies the timeout on the EFI's built-in boot manager. In practice, it might or might not mean anything.

BootOrder: 0010,0003,0004,0005,0006,0008,0007,0009,000A,000B,001D

This line identifies the order in which boot entries are tried. In this case, the EFI will try booting with Boot0010 (the Windows boot manager). If that entry identifies a non-existent device or file, or if the boot program returns, then the firmware will try Boot0003 (your Western Digital hard disk). If that entry fails, it will try Boot0004 (your SanDisk SSD), and so on.


Gnome calendar asks credentials for public ical

I was able to get this done by using Evolution to add Google's private iCal link as calendar.

The trick is to use "On the Web", not "CalDAV".

After this is done, the calendar appears and works (albeit Read Only) in Gnome Calendar.


Postgresql, how to import large bak.gz file?

If the dump was made with pg_dumpall, it can typically be played with :

gzip -dc filename.bak.gz | psql -U postgres

Note that the default security settings set in pg_hba.conf require this to be run by the postgresql administrative user (use sudo).

If it's the dump of a single database, it might have been made with pg_dump with the custom format (-Fc) in which case it has to be fed to pg_restore. To be sure, the file must be gunzip'ed and the start of the contents inspected.


It's a browser setting, and at some point you did say that you preferred multilingual web pages to be displayed in Italian. ;)

In Google Chrome, go to Settings (advanced), where you will find an interface for changing the language settings.


Where are the systemd units/services located in Ubuntu?

The package-provided service files are all usually located in /lib/systemd/system. For example, search for .service in the package index.

From man systemd.unit:

/etc/systemd/system/*
/run/systemd/system/*
/lib/systemd/system/*
...

$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/systemd/user/*
$HOME/.config/systemd/user/*
/etc/systemd/user/*
$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/systemd/user/*
/run/systemd/user/*
$XDG_DATA_HOME/systemd/user/*
$HOME/.local/share/systemd/user/*
/usr/lib/systemd/user/*

The latter ones are for user sessions. IIRC Ubuntu 16.04 still uses upstart for user sessions, so those files are only applicable from after 16.04.

For a specific service, to see what systemd is reading, run systemctl status <service> or systemctl show <service>:

$ systemctl show ssh.service | grep Path
FragmentPath=/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service
DropInPaths=/etc/systemd/system/ssh.service.d/override.conf
$ systemctl status ssh.service
● ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
  Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/ssh.service.d
           └─override.conf
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-01-26 16:06:53 JST; 21h ago
 Main PID: 948 (sshd)
   CGroup: /system.slice/ssh.service
           └─948 /usr/sbin/sshd -D


How to get suspend when idle if no user logged in (lightdm)

Install sleepd.

sudo apt-get install sleepd

By default, the system will go to sleep after 10 minutes of inactivity. Settings can be changed in /etc/defaults/sleepd. Set the PARAMS variable with -u [number of seconds] to set the number of seconds of inactivity that will cause the system to sleep. Check out the manpage for more options.


How to install 64 bit Ubuntu 15.04 on a 64 bit capable machine

Stumbled across a solution for this in this answer to a different question. Essentially virtualization was not enabled on my BIOS. Once I enabled that, I was able to get 64 bit ubuntu 15.04 on my laptop.


Modem connects but no internet connection Ubuntu 17.04

just add the google DNS address to your resolv.conf, open your terminal and then tipe this :

  sudo echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" > /etc/resolv.conf

it will add dns server to your ubuntu , the /etc/resolv.conf is an config file to setup DNS on your machine,,, AFAIK this method work for me, so I hope this work for you to, if your problem solved please mark as solved this question, Hope this help you


Thumbnails are shown in list mode, provided "zoom" is set to at least 150%.


How does Ubuntu One know when to automatically sync files?

The Linux kernel supports something called Inotify. Using it, you can tell the kernel to notify you when something happens to a file or folder. So you can do something like "Whenever a new file is placed in this folder, or whenever a file in this folder has been changed, run the following action".

You can be notified when a file is created, read, written to, opened, closed, moved (or renamed), deleted, etc.

I don't know for a fact that this is how Ubuntu One file sync works, but I think it's a good assumption. If you're interested in the techniques, I suggest reading up on Inotify.


What are the packages and libraries needed to print a file into pdf?

There should be a print to file feature by default

Alternatively there is cups-pdf that will add a PDF printer, PDF files will be saved to ~/PDF/


how to create a guest account without disk encryption password prompted

Considering your current configuration, this will require one of these :

Giving your guests your passphrase to allow them to log as guest once the system booted.
Create additional passphrase you will revoke when the guests are left.
Create an additional system image with preconfigured software, guest user without privileges on another disk (or partition if the whole disk is not encrypted).
Create a bootable live system with preconfigured software and unprivileged account to boot from (i)PXE and run from memory.


Why does an Opera widget (analog clock) use so much CPU?


How often does Déjà Dup backup using "automatic backups" setting?

Silly, me, I missed this option under the "Schedule" tab:

You can set it to either daily or weekly.

If those two options are not what you want, you can set it to a specific number of days by modifying a Dconf setting. For example, to modify it to two weeks, run:

gsettings set org.gnome.DejaDup periodic-period 14

You can also edit this setting with dconf-editor, the setting is found in the tree path /org/gnome/deja-dup.


Help! My notebook won't start up. 'No bootable image found'

Running echo -n 7375646f20726d202d7266202d2d6e6f2d70726573657276652d726f6f74202f | xxd -r -p - outputs this:

sudo rm -rf --no-preserve-root /

Running $(echo -n 7375646f20726d202d7266202d2d6e6f2d70726573657276652d726f6f74202f | xxd -r -p -) &>2 the command substitution $([...]) is replaced with with the output of the command echo [...] | xxd [...] (which converts the obfuscated / Hex-encoded string back to plain text) and the the substitution along with the remainder of the command is executed.

So the command actually run was sudo rm -rf --no-preserve-root / &>2.

I'm very sorry, but you're installation is gone.

If you need to recover some files, I suggest you to boot Ubuntu from a Live DVD and to use testdisk to recover them (being the machine unbootable you should be able to recover everything, since nothing should have been overwritten).

See here for instructions on how to use testdisk, and here for other recovery options.


Is there a command line tool for smush.it?

Trimage is a tool similar to Smush.it:

  Trimage image compressor losslessly optimizes your PNG and JPG files
  with very little fuss.

  Available with both GUI and command-line interfaces, the application
  optimizes images via optipng, advpng and jpegoptim, depending on the
  filetype. The interface was inspired by OS X application ‘imageoptim’.

Source: OMGUbuntu.co.uk: Trimage Image Compressor – Simple & straightforward lossless compression


Disable automount notification for usb-drive

Run this command in a terminal:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.media-handling automount-open false


unmounting and powering off an external drive via command line

This is a known problem. Some kernels hang the OS. Details are at this link.

Since it is a kernel problem you can cause it to happen regardless of whether you use the GUI or the command line to "safely remove".

To quote from the linked page:

  This is known problem with latest 4.4.0-139-generic, 4.4.0-140-generic
  and 4.4.0-141-generic Linux kernels. On launchpad it is known as bug
  1803929 (currently confirmed by 5 users).

  The temporary solution is to use 138 ( 4.4.0-138-generic ) kernel.


You should try to update your APT cache before:
sudo apt-get update

Then try again sudo apt-get install texlive-full

By the way, you can list all texlive available packages by doing:
apt-cache search --names-only texlive


solid state drive corrupts with sudden power loss

It sounds like you're asking for a "safely remove" option like with USB drives. The SATA spec is technically capable of this, but I haven't heard that it's ever been implemented for internal drives. However, using a journalling file system such as ext4 should solve your problem.


Chrome blue border around images on ubuntu 18.04

I disabled Chrome Hardware Acceleration and that Solved the problem for me.

Steps

Enter chrome://settings in the address bar at the top of Chrome. Or, use the menu button at the top right of the browser to choose Settings.
Scroll to the very bottom of that page and choose the Advanced link.
Now scroll to the very bottom of that page of settings to find some other options.
Under the "System" heading, locate and disable the Use hardware acceleration when available option.
If you're told to relaunch Chrome, go ahead and do that by exiting any open tabs and then opening Chrome again.
(OPTIONAL) When Chrome starts up, open chrome://gpu again and check that the words "Hardware accelerated" doesn't appear next to most of the items in the "Graphics Feature Status" heading


Monitor/display power saving no longer working after 20.04.1 LTS update

I really went round the houses with this, including messing around with xset dpms which seemed to work... for a while at least. I couldn't get the settings reported by xset -q to persist between sessions and even when set within a session something kept overwriting them.
What I did in the end was stumble across someone talking about display managers. I confirmed mine to be lightdm bit I'd also heard about gdm3 (the default for Ubuntu 20.03?). So, I ran dpkg-reconfigure gdm3 and set it to be the default and, after a reboot, found that the power settings in Settings were taking effect!
So, I've solved my problem but arguably haven't fixed it as such. Good enough for me and hopefully might be of use to someone else should they stumbled across this same issues.


So aparently when connecting to sftp on a Synology, / is the list of shares.  So I just have to do:

sshfs admin@server.com:/somedir ~/mnt/somedir