USB headset not working on skype on Xubuntu

I am not sure about Xubuntu, I have Kubuntu.

I was able to get the sound and mic on my headsets working by opening a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T and then installing it with

sudo apt-get install pavucontrol

Start pavucontrol by typing

pavucontrol

in the terminal. It will open up a sound control window. Now make sure that duplex is activated by clicking on the configuration tab. Then look for your headset and make sure it is set to analog duplex (or digital duplex if it works for you).

You can then test your mic on pavucontrol itself then on Skype. I didn't change the settings in Skype, but you can see if your headset shows up after this.

Note: I am posting this answer on an old post as this post showed up when I searched for answers. This worked for me and hopefully it can help someone else.


ServerName issue, either www or http, can't have both.. Why?

You have to use "ServerAlias" directive, so:

ServerName www.my.server.com
ServerAlias my.server.com


bash aliases not configured when starting new terminal session

Z shell looks for ~/.zshrc by default, so you can add such a line to ~/.zshrc:

source ~/.bash_profiles

Create the file if it doesn't exist already, or append to its end so your source becomes effective after all original content has been processed.


Where I can propose suggestions for Ubuntu?

Based on https://answers.launchpad.net/launchpad/+question/99338, I think you still create a bug report in Launchpad but make it explicit that you are really doing a feature request and your "bug report" will probably be tagged appropriately by the package maintainers.


Ubuntu 19.10 network problem with public IP - connects but cannot send anything (SYN_RECV)

You have a gateway configured on both of your interfaces.  This makes it ambiguous which network interface to use for default traffic.
You should only have a single gateway configured in your netplan yaml.  If for whatever reason you need two default routes, then you need to use routing policies.


How to install aTube Cacher? in Ubuntu 16.04?

Referring to here: https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=application&iId=9810

Seems like it doesn't work well with Wine, although results listed there are conflicting and old.

You can try, however. Install Wine:

sudo apt-get install wine

And try to run the aTube Catcher executable. It may or may not work.

Wine allows for some Windows programs to be run on Linux. However, aTube Catcher does not have native Linux support and you will have to run it via Wine.


What could cause a "hash sum mismatch" error when doing an apt-get update serverside?

There were 2 parts to getting this resolved.

Using [trusted=yes] in the sources list on the client.
Deleting the InRelease and Release files on the apt server.

If [trusted=yes] was not in the sources list on the client, then when doing an apt-get, it will complain that the apt server does not have a Release file if it's not there. If the Release file is there, then it will give an error saying

  Unable to find expected entry 'Packages' in Release file (Wrong
  sources.list entry or malformed file).

The above error will also occur if [trusted=yes] is in the sources list but the repository contains InRelease and Release files.

In any of these cases, files for the server will be made in /var/lib/apt/lists/partial on the client, and the client's apt list will not be updated.

If both requirements are met, then all the client has to do is delete the files that were in /var/lib/apt/lists/partial and then do an apt-get update.


How can I install install linksys WUSB54GS V2 to work in Ubuntu?

There's actually seeral differenet ways that you can get this card to work... but unless you want to do this by "sneaker-net" (i.e. using an external drive between your computers for it), plug it into an Ethernet cable. Then, from there, open a terminal to do everything below, pressing return after each command typed:

Type dmesg | grep usb
Look for your card in the output, then continue by ensuring the package lists are updated...
Type sudo apt-get update
Type sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree prism2-usb-firmware-installer linux-wlan-ng
Type rmmod p54usb isl3887usb
Type modprobe p54usb isl3887usb
Now, do a ping, or package update to see if this worked; it should with Mint 13+, or Ubuntu 12+, and a wusb54g v2 card. Now, if it's a v4 instead of a v2, I suggest to give up with that one on amd64, because it doesn't work well on it (the device fails to wakeup according to the logs).

If it doesn't, there's a post where someone else has the needed file that you can find at http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1470224

I hope this helps you and/or others that have this card.


Is it possible to use a font in the terminal that isn't monospace

Is it possible? Yes.
(However, not for Konsole - it prevents you to select non-monospaced fonts.)

Does it work well? No. Output formatting is relying on a monospaced font to make it look as designed (tabular output for example).


The ability to create partitions from a volume applies to RAID and any device exposed to the OS like a single SATA/IDE HDD, they are all just block storage volumes to the OS.

2 potential advantages, you essentially move the configuration of your storage from a hardware level to an OS level and you would less reliant on your RAID controller manufacturers tools for configuration and diagnostics/repair.

You will loose flexibility/scalability compared to using multiple raid volumes (such as using a mixed RAID 10 / RAID5 setup, more flexibility with where hot/cold spares are assigned to (so your OS volume may only have minimal spares, but your data volumes multiple spares).


What is the purpose of the RTAI package in Ubuntu

The RTAI package in Ubuntu is a collection of files necessary to patch a kernel. But this 'kernel' is not the one being used in your Ubuntu installation, is for kernel versions from www.kernel.org. This extract from the user manual from RTAI describes more on that:

  This means that RTAI is designed to run on a standard Linux kernel
  which can be downloaded from http://www.kernel.org and not on the
  kernel's source code that comes with the most common distributions...

The other files, besides the patches, are for programming userland application. They are libraries, 'includes', etc.


Networking doesn't work after disabling UEFI secure boot

In theory, neither disabling Secure Boot nor enabling BIOS/CSM/legacy-boot support should affect networking once Ubuntu has booted, with one possible exception: If you've switched the actual Ubuntu boot mode from EFI to BIOS, that might affect hardware initialization, which might affect the ability to use the network device. To completely switch boot modes would require installing a BIOS-mode boot loader, though, and you haven't indicated that you've done this.

You can verify your boot mode by looking for a directory called /sys/firmware/efi. If it's present, you've booted in EFI mode; if it's absent, you've booted in BIOS mode. You might make this check, on the off chance that you've completely changed boot modes. Alternatively, you can simply disable your CSM. It's almost certainly doing you no good, and could be slowing down the boot process.

Although Secure Boot is even less likely to be related to your problem, there are ways to enable it and use VirtualBox. There are several questions and answers on this site that address this issue, such as:

Could not load 'vboxdrv' after upgrade to Ubuntu 16.04 (and I want to keep secure boot)
Install VirtualBox while keeping Secure Boot

Overall, my suspicion is that your networking problem is unrelated to the changes you made. Maybe you're experiencing a temporary network glitch, or your network's DHCP server has crashed. If I'm right, the timing of the problem appearing when it did is coincidental, and you should look elsewhere for a solution. I'm sure there are questions and answers on this site that address such problems, but I don't follow that topic closely, so your search on this topic is as good as mine.


I had the same problem and it was caused after I tweaked some settings using Compiz Config Settings Manager. However, it didn't happen very often so I didn't do anything to resolve it.

You can try to reset Unity using the following command, however it will set all the unity settings to default:

unity --reset

OR you can try reinstalling unity:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall unity


How to not show the clock screen when unblanking screen

Go to "Ubuntu Software" application.
Search for "disable screen shield".
Install it.


There is a way to make changes persist that are made in a live session. It relies on a mechanism that searches all drives for a filesystem with the label "casper-rw". It will mount that filesystem as a writeable overlay over the non-persistant filesystem (this is called a union mount).

There are multiple ways on how to go about this. If you want to continue booting from a CD, then you can plug in a USB stick (before booting the live session, not after -- it must be present while the live session is booting).

Or you could make the USB stick contain two partitions, one with the bootable live system and a second partition with the "casper-rw" filesystem.

The details can be found here (read them in this order, the first article seems more to the point):

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD/Persistence
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LiveUsbPendrivePersistent


Script that opens webpage and records it as cron job

Use wget. It should be installed on your system because it is a dependency of the ubuntu-standard package. Otherwise install it with apt-get install wget.


mysql-client-core-5.5 : Breaks: mysql-client (< 5.5.31-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)

there is a MySQL

5.5.31-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 and

5.5.31-0ubuntu0.12.04.2

sudo apt-show-versions -a mysql-client
Not installed
mysql-client 5.5.22-0ubuntu1         precise          us.archive.ubuntu.com
mysql-client 5.5.31-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 precise-security security.ubuntu.com
mysql-client 5.5.31-0ubuntu0.12.04.2 precise-updates  us.archive.ubuntu.com
mysql-client not installed

I had trouble with the install (server components) due to missing libterm-readkey-perl. maybe you face something similar.


Offline mode means, ClipIt doesn't save your copied text in its history.

Start a test

Copy some text by pressing Ctrl-C with disabled offline mode and you can see your copied text in the history (click the ClipIt icon).
Now activate the offline mode, copy another text and check the history again.
You can see, there is no entry for the copied text.


How do I load a font distributed with my application?

You don't want the users to have to use root? Installing softare usually requires root.

On Ubuntu (and I'd assume most debian-based distros) you can copy the fonts into a subdirectory of /usr/share/fonts/truetype (I assume they are TTF's) and update the font cache.

If you're creating a deb package, you can simply pack them so that they will be installed into, let's say /usr/share/fonts/truetype/<softwarename>-fonts/. In the postinst script, you can then run
fc-cache -f -v.

If you're simply publishing a installation script, mkdir the subdirectory, then cp the TTF's into it. Afterwards, call fc-cache -f -v to rebuild the font cache.


Visiting ec2-176-34-131-233.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com in a browser takes me to https://duckduckgo.com/, so presumably duckduckgo are hosting their service in AWS, and when lsof looks up the IP address associated with that connection, it gets the AWS instance's name and not the duckduckgo service name.


Click on the application icon on the Unity bar. Type keyboard and double click on the entry labelled as, "Keyboard Shortcuts. Scroll down the list until you get to the item that says, "Move window one workspace to the left". Click on each of items and change the shortcut to your liking.


OK, this is too long for a comment. First, check the available versions:

apt-cache madison libcups2

In my system (10.04) it gives output like this:

  libcups2 | 1.4.3-1ubuntu1.9 | http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates/main Packages
  libcups2 | 1.4.3-1ubuntu1.9 | http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security/main Packages
  libcups2 |    1.4.3-1 | http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid/main Packages
      cups |    1.4.3-1 | http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid/main Sources
      cups | 1.4.3-1ubuntu1.9 | http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates/main Sources
      cups | 1.4.3-1ubuntu1.9 | http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security/main Sources

If I want to install one particular version, I'd do

apt-get install --reinstall libcups2=1.4.3-1ubuntu1.9

Possibly, you might need the option --purge as well. (beware, this will wipe your slate clean, including any configuration files).


Try this. When debugging remember you can type these commands individually and add echo commands to debug by outputting the values of the variables at each stage. Note that your read command was also incorrectly referring to $AANTAL instead of AANTAL.
#!/bin/bash

echo "hoeveel vakken heb jij deze periode?"
read AANTAL

if [ -d "/home/school/jaar_1/periode_4" ];

then
     echo "directoy bestaat al."

else
     for i in $(seq 1 $AANTAL)
          do
          mkdir -p /home/school/jaar_1/periode_4/vak$i
          done
fi


How to make a backup of Ubuntu 12.04 full OS

Use Remastersys.

Manual Method: Check this and this. It will give you idea about manual method to do the same. However those page are bit too old and are not updated for current version of ubuntu.


In your Compiz Config Settings Manager click on "Move Window" plugin. Click on the very first mouse shortcut (it should be <ALT>Button1) and Disable it.


Ubuntu 20.04 Font and UI elements too big on login

Looks like this bug affects a few of us with nVidia card, but with Intel GPU as well. There is an open bug thread already here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mutter/+bug/1892440
A temporary fix mentioned in comment #17 fixed the issue for me, until the fix will come out. Simply donwgrade libmutter package and put it on hold.
sudo apt install libmutter-6-0=3.36.1-3ubuntu3 gir1.2-mutter-6=3.36.1-3ubuntu3
sudo apt-mark hold libmutter-6-0


Is it safe to use `dist-upgrade` if `do-release-upgrade` broke my EC2 instance?

will the dist-upgrade of 18.04 under any circumstances try switch me again to 20.x? Or is that only done if I run do-release-upgrade?

Only if you tell it to do so.

(I'm finding conflicting and/or answers from a decade ago and want to avoid this hassle/embarrassment while still keeping my system as up-to-date as practical under the circumstances…!)

Only use questions and answer that apply to the time frame of an Ubuntu LTS release. That is true for any version of Ubuntu, not just on an instance.
Regarding instances though ...
Instances do not have a grub rescue. Nor does it allow for booting from a live session. If an instance does not boot it is dead and can not be fixed. Avoid any actions on an instance that require rebooting that you can avoid. Upgrading is the number one on the list of actions to avoid. If you need to do that you create a new instance.
You should have TWO partitions on an instance: a system and a personal partition. The system partition should be set up such that you can burn it: all files you need to change need to be on the partition in whatever way you like to use. Webserver files, databases, logs etc etc all need to be on the personal partition. Doing it using symlinks is the easiest method.
Upgrading to a new release means creating a new system disk at the console and move the old one to a backup. And then attaching your personal disk to this new system disk. And executing a script from your personal partition to recreate your whole setup.


Google Cloud VM memory is being used up 100%

476G   /home

You rather clearly have 475GiB in a subdirectory of /home/

To get more information, free up some space (1-2GiB), run

sudo apt install ncdu
ncdu /home/

This will give you an interactive list of disk use.


What is the different between an Normal and Admin account?

User accounts are not allowed to use the sudo
command, meaning there is no way for them to access any root privileges, meaning no package installations or filesystem tampering, etc.

To block a user from using a program, a simple way is to create a whitelist for that program. To do this, use the following commands in the terminal:

sudo addgroup GROUP
sudo chmod 750 /usr/bin/PROGRAM
sudo chown root:GROUP /usr/bin/PROGRAM
adduser alice GROUP
adduser bob GROUP

Where GROUP is the name you want for the whitelist for the program, PROGRAM is the name of the program, and "alice" and "bob" are replaced with the actual users on your system you want to allow access. Any users not in the group will be denied access.


How do I set up a proxy server in Xubuntu?

If a SOCKS proxy is sufficient for you, you can set it up with one command. Assuming proxy.grandpa.lan is your proxy host, with ssh server installed on it and your account there is Dolphin:

ssh -D localhost:8899 Dolphin@proxy.grandpa.lan

And then set up in your browser, for example in the Firefox 13 I happen to have running right now, Edit > Preferences > Advanced > Network > Settings... > Manual proxy configuration and in the SOCKS Host field put in localhost and Port as per the command line 8899. Most port numbers above 1024 will work. Default seems to be SOCKS v5, which worked at least for me.


How do I migrate to a RAID10 array without losing data

Before you do anything, BACKUP ALL OF YOUR DATA. I cannot stress this enough. Migrating arrays can be tricky, don't risk loosing your data in the process.

I would stress out that the only guaranteed way is to back up and verify all your data before trying anything like this, just in case.  I would personally use Clonezilla to make an image, then convert your RAID, and do a restore afterwards.

Now depending on your RAID controller, if it supports "online capacity extension" it might be possible, but I have not tried it.  As I said, I'd rather be safe, and do a full backup, then you can delete the old RAID array, and create a new one that is configured the way you want.

Another thing you can try, instead of converting to RAID 10, Why not a 4 disk RAID 5? Your read performance will be better.  Plus then your array will end up with a total of 6TB total storage, but the RAID 10 will only be 4TB.  According to RAID Disk Space Calculator

For more information see RAID Management

Before you do anything, BACKUP ALL OF YOUR DATA. I cannot stress this enough. Migrating arrays can be tricky, don't risk loosing your data in the process.


Finally, I have found the solution. To install aidl, you need libstdc++-6. Previously I had a lower version of libstdc++, which causes problems while installing aidl.

To update to libstdc++-6, try

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libstdc++6

After this, you will have libstdc++6 installed.now you can simply install the aidl by typing:

sudo apt-get install aidl


Maxium Resolution resets to 1024x768 after logout

Type your xrandr --newmode and xrandr --addmode commands into a text file. In my case I also needed a xrandr --output command which I also put in this text file. Make this file executable.

Then edit (using sudo) /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf and in the [SeatDefaults] section add

display-setup-script=[path to the text file you made]

This will set up and select your new resolution before the login screen appears.  Alternately, to set the screen up at login instead (I have not done this myself) you can add

session-setup-script=[path to the text file you made]


Ubuntu not asking for password to log in

I found my answer here. Since these questions have different phrases I thought of not deleting my question. This might help somebody else.

Run sudo grep nopasswd /etc/*

This will display at least 2 lines:

/etc/group:nopasswdlogin:x:112:`<login name>`
/etc/gshadow:nopasswdlogin:!::`<login name>`

Edit those files with sudo and remove only  from those lines and save.

Restart the computer and now it should ask for the password again!


Follow this procedure.

1) Download the Adnroid SDK from the developer site and extract it to your home directory
https://developer.android.com/

2) install java (OPEN) or follow this guide for Oracle Version http://www.wikihow.com/Install-Oracle-Java-on-Ubuntu-Linux

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk

OR

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre

If you are running a 64-bit distribution of Android SDK on your development machine, you need to install the ia32-libs:

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

Open up the Android SDK folder in home directory and run Eclipse.

You should be presented wit the Android SDK Gui. You may get couple of window warnings popup the first time you run it, these go away after, so just close them.


How to change the system color from orange in 14.04 LTS?

As far as the "highlight color situation goes, the simple way seems to be to install dconf-editor (which I use, just not for changing colors, normally)

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

Then just search dconf-tools in the launcher

Source: How do I change the "Selected Items" color?

If you want to change the background of the launcher itself, it looks as though you're headed into some more in-depth territory, but this:

http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/02/how-to-change-unity-2d-launcher-colour-and-opacity

shows you how to do it with just a few terminal commands and two lines of code, plus some hacking of your own to figure out which color you like. Personally, I'd use HTML color codes, because you can look up some nice tables like this one:

http://html-color-codes.info

and just sort of go with what you like.


Full font hinting not working in Ubuntu 18.04

I found a solution to the problem linked to in this reddit post.

Add the following line to /etc/environment as root:

FREETYPE_PROPERTIES="truetype:interpreter-version=35 cff:no-stem-darkening=1 autofitter:warping=1"

Then restart the XServer (Xorg or XWayland) or reboot.

It works.


Ubuntu can use a lot of RAM if your computer has a lot of RAM or very little RAM if you configure it that way. This screenshot shows the RAM usage of different flavors of Ubuntu 18.04 under baseline conditions.

When you install Ubuntu there is a screen in the Ubuntu installer that lets you select what space on the drive to use for the Ubuntu installation, so it isn't necessary to overwrite either the existing Windows installation or whatever is stored on other drives. As you can see in the next two screenshots there are options in the Ubuntu installer that allow the user to choose the disk space that will be used for installing Ubuntu, and the Ubuntu installer will not install anything on the rest of the disk space that is not selected.

Installation type:

Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 10:

Allocate drive space by dragging the divider


Network Manager refusing to manage wired interfaces

from NetworkManager 1.2.4 (ubuntu 16.10) all non-wifi/wwan device are treated as unmanaged

[keyfile]
unmanaged-devices=*,except:type:wifi,except:type:wwan

workaround: comment out the content of /usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-globally-managed-devices.conf or remove the file

for details see https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/network-manager/+bug/1638842


Ubuntu - Nvidia drivers causes weird behaviour

Guessing you installed nvidias driver for ubuntu:

Navigate to the directory you have stored the .run-file, there

sudo ./NVIDIA-linux*.run --uninstall

If you have saved your old configurations they can be restored in the process.


I had to log into the virtual terminal via my username and run passwd username to get a new password. The surprising thing was that changing the password helped when i am extremely confident about my previous password.


This is strange. I suggest you apply the 512 error fix. Maybe you have an UEFI PC and GRUB is struggling to determine what kind of bootloader to install on USB. Adding the target argument will force the installation of a MBR bootloader.

512 error fix
You must edit the winusb script which is located probably in /usr/bin (I don't have it installed so I can't tell). Open it with any text editor with root permissions (e.g. gksu gedit /usr/bin/winusb). Now search for grub-install in that file (it may be on line 401) and change that line so it looks like this:
grub-install --target=i386-pc --boot-directory="$partitionMountPath/boot" "$device"

Save the script. Install the package grub-pc-bin and try again to use WinUSB.
WinUSB only creates MBR bootable USB drives. If you want to install Windows in EFI mode a different method should be used.
A manual bootable USB creation guide can be found on my website.

If this doesn't work either, I suggest the manual method.


Philips TAPH805-BK wireless headphones mic not working on Ubuntu 18.04

Have you tried checking if Bluetooth is connected to the right device?
Also make sure to go to Settings → Sound and check if the microphone's volume is high enough.

Hope that solves your issue :)


I have had almost the same problem when installing Ubuntu 11.10 on my laptop.  For some reason I do not get the usual installation graphical interface, however I get to install Ubuntu.  But after installation is complete, I reboot the machine remove the pendrive and Ubuntu starts loading but then it stops, a cursor appears on the upper left corner of the screen and nothing else happens... ever again!!.

I thought it may be an issue of the pendrive, since the installation interface was not as expected for 11.10, so I burn a Live CD and rebooted from it.  So far the installation process has no problems and its graphical interface is working fine.  I will report back after installation is completed.  So far it seems that the problem was the USB installer being faulty.


Irssi certificate, OpenPGP and SSH keys in a new install

In short, yes.

You may need to re-register and/or re-import the private keys from these locations, but you can do that after installing the respective tools.

However, you should make sure that you actually backed up the private keys and that they're valid. md5summing is good enough for this.


Is transcoding 24bit FLAC to 16bit OggVorbis an issue?

I had a large collection of FLAC audio files and I converted them with great quality with The Mobile Media Converter Link it has advance settings and I think it worked awesomely you might wanna give it a try if ogg is not in the list of file formats you can always add it just click the button that has the name of the format and then just select add or remove file formats you will find it there. I hope this helps.


How do I zip up multiple files on command line?

Use file < redirection

zip files.zip -@ < zip.lst

Or you could skip the list and just glob

zip files.zip *.txt *.jpg

thanks steeldriver

Historical Answer

I'm glad it's OK to answer my own question because I wanted to chronicle my turmoil in hopes that others following behind in my trail of tears could be spared by searching some key words.

Eventually, I discovered the right answer, but it was posted to the wrong question.

A couple points of clarity:

The manual isn't referring to a literal list as in a file, but rather literally to listing the files out on the console.
It's understandable that someone might be misled into thinking that foo referred to the file list, but it's actually intended to represent the name of the output zip file.
The list of files is omitted in the example because it's using the -@ switch, which demonstrates it "takes the list of input files from standard input instead of from the command line"

Understanding this, we are now armed with a variety of ways to accomplish the goal.

Firstly using the file list we created, we can read out the list with cat and redirect the output with a pipe as standard input to zip:

cat zip.lst | zip -@ files.zip

  adding: file1.txt (stored 0%)
  adding: file2.txt (stored 0%)
  adding: file3.txt (stored 0%)
  adding: file.jpg (stored 0%)
  adding: test.jpg (stored 0%)

Seeing that adding: ... for each file is certainly a good sign, but we've had our hopes up before, so let's just confirm:

unzip -l files.zip

Archive:  files.zip
  Length      Date    Time    Name
---------  ---------- -----   ----
        0  2016-05-24 14:54   file1.txt
        0  2016-05-24 14:54   file2.txt
        0  2016-05-24 14:54   file3.txt
        0  2016-05-24 15:00   file.jpg
        0  2016-05-24 14:59   test.jpg
---------                     -------
        0                     5 files

SWEET! But who wants to create a onetime-use list anyway? That's an awful round-about way of solving this particular scenario. It would be better to get a list from ls and pipe that to zip:

ls | zip -@ files.zip

  adding: file1.txt (stored 0%)
  adding: file2.txt (stored 0%)
  adding: file3.txt (stored 0%)
  adding: file.jpg (stored 0%)
  adding: test.jpg (stored 0%)

Fabulous! Now let's create filters with the awesome power of grep to just zip up the jpg's for instance:

ls | grep .jpg | zip -@ images.zip

  adding: file.jpg (stored 0%)
  adding: test.jpg (stored 0%)

Or just files beginning with "file"

ls | grep file. | zip -@ files.zip

  adding: file1.txt (stored 0%)
  adding: file2.txt (stored 0%)
  adding: file3.txt (stored 0%)
  adding: file.jpg (stored 0%)


App is accessible through Unity Launcher but can't access through terminal

The two simplest ways are going to be:

add the directory containing the application to your PATH environment variable. For example, add a line like

export PATH=$PATH:/opt/sublime_text

to your ~/.bashrc file. You will need to log out and back in for the change to take effect, or re-source the file in your current shell e.g.

source ~/.bashrc

create a symbolic link from the executable file to somewhere that's already on your PATH e.g.

sudo ln -s /opt/sublime_text /usr/local/bin/sublime_text

You will need to remove the copy of the script that you placed in /usr/bin so that the system doesn't find it first.


how to remove any changes made by compiz?

This should reset all of your changes to Compiz/Unity:

Install dconf-tools: sudo apt-get install dconf-tools
Reset Compiz and Unity: dconf reset -f /org/compiz/
Reset Unity: setsid unity


Is it ok to add a new harddisk with existing data onto an ubuntu?

Ofcourse you can do that there is no issue at all. In fact some of the folks even share the swap partition between Linux and Windows.
As you can see in my Ubuntu Desktop - I have two drives(one i added later). Both the hard drives have Windows as well Linux.

And this is how they look(appear) in the sidebar of Ubuntu Desktop 14.04.3
 with the exact Volume label of Windows. You can access them right from there.


How can I downgrade libgtkmm-2.4-1v5 to libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a?

libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a is not available in 16.04, as you can see. It is available in 14.04, so you can either install 14.04 or ask the maintainers of the package you are trying to install to provide a package compatible with 16.04.


How can I set up an Android phone as a webcam in Ubuntu

Enter the following command in a terminal
sudo apt install adb

You will have to Enable USB Debugging in the Android settings.


Is there a way to change the theme according to the time

I finally found a solution:

i made it with python

Github link: https://github.com/bigboy32/MacOSmojave
Have fun


how to create admin account as a duplicate root account for telnet and disable root login over network?

Well, the safety locks are there for a purpose, and you may learn more by studying why the locks are there in the first place. Having said that:

Give user administration permissions:

Inexperienced users: don't do this. You will break your system.

sudo usermod -u 0 [username]
Disable telnet login for a particular user, without disabling local login: Open a terminal (Ctr + Alt + T) and enter sudo nano /etc/hosts.deny. Enter your password when asked, and press enter. At the end of the file, add the line in.telnetd username@hostIP, replacing hostIP with the IP address of the computer that you don't want user username to login from.


I had the same problem as you. After trying both Gparted and manually removing the partitions from fdisk I ended up using Windows' Computer management tool. From there, right click the corresponding volume(s) and delete them.

Once you've done that, you can format it correctly from Ubuntu using Gparted or whichever tool you want. I'm not sure why Linux wasn't able to handle it, but it seems to be a low level conflict, and the dreaded "Operation not permitted during write" error doesn't give any pointer about what is failing precisely.

I know "using Windows" is not the best answer, but in this case it happened to be the only alternative that worked.


eth0 changed to eno1 and 70-persistent-net.rules is missing

I had the same problem and I solved it by editing /etc/network/interfaces

sudo -H gedit /etc/network/interfaces

You'll see something like this:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

Add eno1:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eno1
iface eno1 inet dhcp


How can I configure `startx` to open the standard desktop environment on 16.04.4?

At least on my 16.04 VM, I was able to start a unity session manually using

startx /usr/bin/unity

It's not entirely satisfactory since without the display manager, it doesn't appear to provide any logout button - you can exit the session by pkill unity but bear in mind it won't do any cleanup such as waiting for applications to close gracefully.

The process hierarchy seems to be

$ pstree -sp $(pgrep -n unity)
systemd(1)───login(1222)───bash(19282)───startx(8133)───xinit(8155)───unity(8160)───sh(8180)───compiz(8181)─┬─{dconf worker}(8183)
                                                                                ├─{gdbus}(8185)
                                                                                └─{gmain}(8182)

You can create a minimal ~/.xsession for the command if you want to be able to type startx alone.

See also How to start X and Unity, without gdm?


How does APT work (apt-get, cache, search)

You are right that apt-get update reads from the sources (online) and the other commands apt-get search and apt-get install read from the cached information. From man apt:

update (apt-get(8))
       update is used to download package information from all configured
       sources. Other commands operate on this data to e.g. perform
       package upgrades or search in and display details about all
       packages available for installation.

The difference between apt search <package> and apt-cache search <package> is that the output of apt search is fancier (has colours, alphabetically organised, has nice line separation for easy reading) because apt is a fancy new interface. This is explained well in this answer on the difference between apt & apt-get

However, search isn't the only thing you can do with apt-cache:

Usage: apt-cache [options] command
       apt-cache [options] show pkg1 [pkg2 ...]

apt-cache queries and displays available information about installed
and installable packages. It works exclusively on the data acquired
into the local cache via the 'update' command of e.g. apt-get. The
displayed information may therefore be outdated if the last update was
too long ago, but in exchange apt-cache works independently of the
availability of the configured sources (e.g. offline).

Most used commands:
  showsrc - Show source records
  search - Search the package list for a regex pattern
  depends - Show raw dependency information for a package
  rdepends - Show reverse dependency information for a package
  show - Show a readable record for the package
  pkgnames - List the names of all packages in the system
  policy - Show policy settings

This is from the info page for apt-cache

apt combines commands from apt-get and apt-cache, so you can get the same or slightly fancier/tidied up output from any of the apt-cache [option] <package> commands with apt [option] <package> eg

apt show gimp

displays almost exactly the same as

apt-cache show gimp


How to compile/build and run Objective-C program in Ubuntu using Terminal?

In Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, go ahead and install GNU objective-c compiler:

sudo apt-get install gobjc

Verify the version:

gcc --version

must say something like:

gcc (Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1) 4.8.2
....

Install GNUStep development libraries (equivalent to Cocoa on macosx):

sudo apt-get install gnustep-devel

It should work and compile with:

gcc HelloWorld.m `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --base-libs` -o HelloWorld

You should run with:

./HelloWorld


Is it possible to install Ubuntu on a bricked Samsung Galaxy 3 tablet?

BASIC test for possible:

If you can't access bootloader or recovery mode, using the appropriate hold-key combo (eg. power plus volume-down, or whatever), then NO the device is fully bricked.

In which case you can NOT do anything further to recover/re-image the device from (Ubuntu) Linux.

UPDATE:

You should be able to restore this device, using the recently (2015-Dec-09) released Android v4.4.2 'generic' firmware (http://www.sammobile.com/firmwares/download/55365/T210RUEU0COI1_T210RXAC0COI1_XAC/) for this device.

Note: This is perhaps too adventurous to do using Heimdall tool (under Ubuntu), so I recommend you instead use Odin tool (under Windows).

Create an account (if needed) on SamMobile.com;
Search under Firmware section, for 'SM-T210R';
Download version of Odin recommended (See Instructions provided)
Download the firmware to your (Windows) PC, and unpack;
Connect your tablet device (in 'Download Mode'), using USB cable;
Follow instructions, to use Odin ..

Happy for someone to provide details on how to do this, using Heimdall tool, on Ubuntu.


How to change RAID 1 to RAID 0 on a server

So, the problem was that I wasn't seeing the option to change the RAID when customizing the partition configuration.
When entering to the config option and selecting the second disk it allows you to change from RAID 1 to RAID 0 with all the warnings included.


How can I configure the system monitor indicator (indicator-sysmonitor)?

The indicator-sysmonitor project is extremely new having first released at the end of March this year.  My recommendation is to create a request on LaunchPad, here, to see if the developers would be interested in adding this capability.


How to enlarge the tty window in Ubuntu server 14 under vmware player?

likely what you need to do is this:

logout of the graphical session
then press ctrl+alt+F1
login to TTY

type:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

edit to your resolution:

GRUB_GFXMODE=1920x1080
GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=keep

type:

ctrl+o to save
ctrl+x to exit

then update grub and reboot

sudo update-grub
sudo reboot


Yes very much. If you are not comfortable with disk partitioning and linux - I will suggest do all the partitioning operations in Windows 7-> Disk management. And then install linux. At the time of installing linux choose 'something else' as mentioned in this thread.
Rest everything is almost the same after this step.

Make sure that Windows allows only 4 primary partitions. One can have extended partitions within primary partitions.

Within Linux one can make use of Logical Volume manager to create logical volumes which can span across drives and gives you a lot of flexibility. I have one detailed thread here where i am using /opt within LVM. That page has lot of other pointers which you can read for your reference.

A LVM(/dev/sdb3) looks like this in Linux's gparted tool

You can install gparted like this

sudo apt-get install gparted


Is it legal to distribute customized Ubuntu with non-canonical apps and os x like gui?

Technically, if you want to distribute that and call it Ubuntu, then no. You're modifying Ubuntu's base by adding more programs to it. Ubuntu is under GPL license, and GPL prohibits that in preamble:

  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
  that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
  software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on,
  we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the
  original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect
  on the original authors' reputations.

You can distribute it, but you cannot call it Ubuntu anymore. You have to let the user know you're giving them a modified thing.

Also, you're including Google Chrome and Skype. These are proprietary, non-open source software. You may want to check if you can distribute these programs along with the modified version of Ubuntu, and I strongly doubt Micro$$oft allows that for Skype


Maybe your ISO is corrupted. If you did not already MD5SUM it, please do that now.

If it doesn't match, redownload the ISO (and MD5SUM the new one too). If it's good, try burning another disc, as slowly as possible.

If that still doesn't work, please add a detailed account of everything you did and what happened, to your question. Please also tell us exactly how you're burning the discs, including what utility you are using.


Is there a command to go a specific workspace?

You can use wmctrl.

Basics commands:
wmctrl -d to show all of your workspaces.
wmctrl -s <workspace_name> to change to a specific workspace.

If you are using Compiz, you will have to do a trick because Compiz "workspaces" are actually Viewports of a single Workspace.

Trick Instructions

Check the output of wmctrl -d For example, mine is:

0  * DG: 4098x2304  VP: 1366,0  WA: 0,23 1366x745  N/A

This means that actually I have one Workspace of 4098 x 2304 instead of what I "think" I have (nine "workspaces", 3 x 3).
I was at what was supposed to be "workspace" 2, but actually I was at viewport (VP) 1366,0 (4098 / 3 = 1366) as showed by the output above.

So this is how it works: we take the whole Workspace and divide for the numbers of "workspaces" we "think" we have. In my case: 4098 / 3 = 1366 and 2304 / 3 = 768.

If I want to go to my "workspace" 1, the command is:

wmctrl -o 0,0

Then, if I want to go to my "workspace" 4, the command is:

wmctrl -o 0,768

If I want to go to my "workspace" 8, the command is:

wmctrl -o 1366,1536

If I want to go to my "workspace" 9, the command is:

wmctrl -o 2732,1536

Got it? ;-)

The -o flag "truncates" their values.
In other words it changes the "workspace" where the actual pixel is belonging to.
The following are equivalent:

wmctrl -o 0,0
wmctrl -o 1365,767


Juju error: "Bootstrap aborted because file storage is not writable..."

In the Django settings file there's a setting called MEDIA_ROOT. It needs to
point at a directory that the user running MAAS has permission to write to.


(Non OS) NTFS file system locked, tried chmod, FSTAB looks fine, 'read only file system'

One possible cause:

The file system is marked as dirty; meaning that it was removed from a system that was hibernated (windows fast start is a hibernation). If the drive was not connected to the system when it was unhibernated the dirty flag wouldn't be removed.

Windows will self-repair some minor issues such as this. Be sure Windows' Fast Start is turned off, some updates will turn it on. Boot Windows 10 twice with the drive connected. Then eject the drive before shutting down Windows.


how to (if possible) create a SSL certificate for only one website on my apache2 server?

When you install Apache it creates a template for a default virtual host, but it also has a default-ssl virtual host. Copy that file and rename it my_secure_site or whatever. Then just change the domain name, the document root, directory, and the ssl key and certificate to the proper values for you site.

Also be sure you have the ssl module enable in Apache a2enmod mod-ssl. ports.conf should have a statement that will make Apache listen on 443 if a virtual domain is using ssl, but if you have a problem check you are listening on 443.

I had an issue where all my hosts were defined <virtualhost 123.123.123.132> and the when I tried to define the ssl site as <virtualhost 123.123.123.132:443>. I got an error like the following.

[Wed Oct 21 16:37:26 2009] [error] VirtualHost *:80 -- mixing * ports and non-* ports with a NameVirtualHost address is not supported, proceeding with undefined results

To avoid this all your virtual hosts should explicitly define the port <virtualhost 123.123.112.132:80>


Just boot into Lubuntu and from the command line:

update-grub2

Check the output from the command and make sure all your distros are there.
If not then try:

grub-install /dev/sda
update-grub2

More information can be found in this dual-booting guide


How to install & run Xmind v. 8 in Ubuntu 16.04?

@Rinzwind is cheating :)

In case you are using the "regular" -official Xmind -version for Linux:

Xmind used to be available as .deb file, but from version 8, there is currently no .deb file available. It can still be run very well on Debian-based systems however.

How to use

The most easy setup is to run it locally, since the application needs to be in a writable directory. The application comes with a setup.sh. Unlike what you would expect, this does not install the application itself, but it installs a few shared libraries it uses, and a few fonts to be used with Xmind.

Download the latest Xmind from here (.zip)
Unzip xmind-8-linux.zip, move the unzipped folder to any location you like where you have write permissions
Open the folder (or cd into it if you are on cli), and run the setup.sh script with sudo, to install some libraries and fonts (simply type sudo and drag the script on to a terminal window and press Enter).
Now we will run Xmind for the first time, during which we will be able to create a launcher for Dash and the Unity Launcher:

Inside the xmind-8-linux folder, open either the XMind_amd64 or XMind_i386 folder, depending on your architecture, and double click on the Xmindexecutable. The application will start.
In the Unity Launcher, the Xmind icon will appear. Right-click on the icon and choose "Add to Dash"

Log out and back in, and your setup is ready to use, Xmind is available to Dash.

Explanation

To run Xmind, you can create a .desktop file manually, however, you can also let Unity do the job for you, as explained here and here. An Xmind icon is automatically copied to ~/.local/share/icons/xmind.png for local use.

Note

I tried the latest version (8) of Xmind for a few hours, and to be honest, I prefer previous version(s) with less (or no) "advertising", and a more intuitive interface (which is opinion-based of course).

It seems I am not the only one in that, since Xmind makes previous versions available here. These version(s) include .deb installers. These versions run perfectly fine on 16.04.


Can't start installing Ubuntu from a USB stick

Looks like you inadvertently selected FreeDOS in Rufus in the Boot selection menu.
Make sure Boot selection is set to your Ubuntu image, not FreeDOS when you create the drive.


I'm using JDownloader. Startup time is not good, but overall performance and GUI is very good. From my perspective, the most important "features" are:

heavily maintained/updated (all the plugins/addons, new features)
stable
integrated with other programs (firefox's flashgot extension)

I've found following related articles:

http://www.ubuntubuzz.com/2010/06/5-fastest-linux-download.html
http://www.linuxb.in/2012/01/best-8-download-managersaccelerators.html

The first one is nearly all about the command line download managers (nothing for me in this case). On the other hand, I tried "aria2" once.
The second article's winner is prozilla.

So, give both of them a try (JDownloader, prozilla).


Enable mute button even if screen is locked

Gnome 3.6 can do that and, from what I can find, it's not implemented in Unity.

If you need that feature, upgrade to Ubuntu 13.04 and use Gnome 3 as your desktop manager.


External hard drive permissions problem with apache since 10.04 upgrade

Please read this Ubuntu wiki entry, especially the part about fstab and its options:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AutomaticallyMountPartitions

The important thing to understand is that you actually specify the permissions on the mount location, for example /mnt, and the device that will be mounted to that mount location will have those permissions.
So just add an entry to fstab that mounts your fat32 disk to /mnt for example end set the correct permissions on that folder.

There is also a handy tool for managing storage devices that you might like, called pysdm: http://pysdm.sourceforge.net/


These commands might fix your problem.

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo dpkg --configure -a

if those commands fail

try to remove the broken packages.

blueman is Bluetooth Manager if you use blue tooth you will need to install blueman.

sudo apt-get remove --purge blueman hddtemp lm-sensors

Then try to run the command above again. after removing the packages.

If still no luck. provide the out put of sudo apt-get install -f, sudo apt-get dist-upgrade and sudo dpkg --configure -a if any.


How to run MATLAB(64bit) on Ubuntu 12.04(32bit)

You cannot run Windows applications on Ubuntu without using WINE. You can also not run 64-bit applications on a 32-bit system.

Your options are to reboot to Windows to run the application, or upgrade to 64-bit Ubuntu 12.04 and use WINE, or set up a VM image to run your existing copy of Windows while in Ubuntu, and run MatLab in a VM.


I have found my answer here: https://www.x.org/wiki/RadeonFeature/#note_19

OpenGL 4.1 is currently only supported on CYPRESS, CAYMAN and ARUBA. All other chips are currently limited to OpenGL 3.3


How to release an IP address and renew from the commandline?

To release and renew the IP address it is:

sudo dhclient -r eth0
sudo dhclient eth0

Or you can try a one-liner that grabs the default ethernet name from netstat:

NIC=$(netstat -r | awk '/default/ {print $NF}' | head -1); sudo dhclient -r $NIC && sudo dhclient $NIC

From the dhclient manpage:

       -r     Release the current lease and stop the running  DHCP  client  as
              previously  recorded  in  the  PID file.  When shutdown via this
              method dhclient-script will be executed with the specific reason
              for calling the script set.  The client normally doesn't release
              the current lease as this is not required by the  DHCP  protocol
              but  some  cable ISPs require their clients to notify the server
              if they wish to release an assigned IP address.

Hope this helps!


Install Ubuntu alongside Windows in legacy mode

If your Windows operating system was installed in "BIOS mode" (or "Legacy mode" or "AHCI" or whatever not UEFI mode), then you will need to reinstall you operating system after switching to UEFI. This may not require reformatting, just an "update" because MS-Windows installs a specific kernel for UEFI vs. BIOS mode - which will need to be replaced by the Windows installer.

Generally I think its preferable to install modern systems in UEFI mode as it has several advantages. The main reason people are not doing that today is because they are afraid of the "Secure Boot" feature of UEFI that supposedly prevents people from installing Linux - but let me assure you that this is not the case.

If you don't want to get into the hassle of reinstalling Windows, you can install Ubuntu along side Windows in BIOS mode, but to do that Ubuntu will have to install a boot loader to take control of the boot process before Windows, and it will also limit the type of file system you can choose and/or require you to create a /boot partition. All this should be handled automatically by the Ubuntu installed, so you shouldn't worry about.


How to execute 'su(switch user)' command without prompting for a password?

I am going to answer this by saying that you really do not want to do it this way, and the way su works is probably by design so that you don't do it like this.
Entering your password in cleartext to be preserved in your shell's history for anyone to see who can get read rights into your folder is really bad security practice.


guestmount inside a lxd container gives an "Operation not permitted" error

I just ran into similar problem that I needed fuse for sshfs to function inside lxd guest. LXD developer (stgraber) replied to a bug report that it's the ubuntu kernel that's restricting the container mounts.

Bug report links to this article: Container Mounts in Ubuntu 16.04.

In short you need at least kernel 4.4.0-6.21.
On the lxd host enable required kernel modules for user namespace
For fuse it is

# fuse
echo Y | sudo tee /sys/module/fuse/parameters/userns_mounts
# ext4 (see article for more information, not needed for sshfs)
#echo Y | sudo tee /sys/module/ext4/parameters/userns_mounts

Then create a profile that creates required devices for udev and aa_profile:

 lxc profile create nsmount
 lxc profile set nsmount raw.lxc lxc.aa_profile=unconfined
 # expose these devices to the container
 lxc profile device add nsmount fuse unix-char path=/dev/fuse
 #lxc profile device add nsmount loop0 unix-block path=/dev/loop0

If you are creating a new container use '-p' flags:

lxc launch ubuntu MyNewContainer -p default -p nsmount

If you have existing container use apply:

lxc profile apply MyExistingContainer default,nsmount

Remember to list all applied profiles if you have other special profiles.


I have figured this out now...

The problem was that I had installed Enpass from the official site and that is the reason why it didn't work...

I had to follow these steps:

sudo -i
echo "deb http://repo.sinew.in/ stable main" > \
  /etc/apt/sources.list.d/enpass.list

wget -O - https://dl.sinew.in/keys/enpass-linux.key | apt-key add -

apt update
apt install enpass
exit

And then install the browser extension and run the Enpass program

And it will work.


Wifi signal keeps fluctuating and disconnecting

Although this may or may not be a complete fix, I suggest that you check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit.

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Next, I'd set IPv6 to Ignore in Network Manager: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/18/html/Installation_Guide/images/netconfig/network-connections-ipv6-ignore.png  This example is for ethernet, but you want wireless.


Impossible to graphically log in / Unable to create files

Problem solved (though some mistery remains):

To be able to log in again, I set the number of reserved blocks of the /home partition (/dev/sda4 in my case) to 0:

   sudo tune2fs -m 0 /dev/sda4

The huge discrepancy between the result of df and du I still had was due to something totally unrelated: I had installed and configured timeshift and it used the ~40Gb of discrepancy I experienced.
The mistery: Before setting the number of reserved blocks to 0, the sizes that df printed were inconsistent: free space + used space was much smaller than total space. After using tune2fs, the equality came back...


VMWARE Workstation player 14 on WIN10 with Ubuntu 18.04 on 4K display fixing DPI scaling

The xrandr command you already found uses the wrong output, eDP1, which is normally a notebook display. In your xrandr output you see a line

Virtual1 connected primary 3840x1919+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm

The first word in that line (Virtual1) is the output name, so using that in the command should work:

xrandr --output Virtual1 --scale 0.5x0.5

Please be aware that this is not a persistent setting, so after reboot you have to enter the command again. I'm not using gnome, so I can't tell you if you can set this somewhere in gnome settings. I myself have a monitor setup at work with different DPI and use a similar xrandr command and have made a key binding so I can press a key after connecting the screens.


Are gnome-shell-extensions available in the repositories?

The people from Web Upd8 have a PPA with the latest official GNOME Shell Extensions that looks promising (but I never used it).


Run below command in your terminal.

sudo ln /bin/dash /bin/sh


How to disable the on screen keyboard in 17.10

This is a known bug. Please mark yourself affected here.
It's been a problem since 2015: see on redhat, on GNOME bugzilla, and now on gitlab.
Florian made some patches in 2017, but I don't know how to apply them. Hence my as-of-yet unanswered question.
In the meantime, this guy made a GNOME extension to kill Caribou


Nagios Core Version 4.0.8 stopped sending automatic email notification after IP change

I was able to fix this by editing /etc/hosts to contain this:

127.0.0.1 localhost.domain.local localhost Ubuntu-Backup.local Ubuntu-Backup


Check if ssh is listening at port 0.0.0.0:22/TCP

$ sudo netstat -putan | grep LIST | grep 22
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      4330/sshd
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      4330/sshd

If it is listening, check if you have a firewall:

sudo iptables -L INPUT -n -v

If appears lots of lines, you could have UFW enabled check it using:
    sudo ufw status

If it is enabled try to add a rule to permit ssh:

 sudo ufw allow ssh

After that try to connect to ssh again. If it doesn't work you can disable the firewall completly with the next line and try again:
     sudo iptables -F

(note the above line is not permanent, so if you reboot the computer the firewall could start again, disable or configure your firewall correctly)


How do I fix a black screen when boot from USB?

I found a solution. Instead of using Universal USB Installer, I used Rufus. Rufus worked with both Ubuntu MATE and elementary OS. They both successfully booted and installed from USB. I haven't actually tried it with standard Ubuntu but I'm sure it would work.


Stencyl wont extract? Ubuntu 12.10 64-bits

Below is a different way to install Stencyl.

To install Stencyl, just download the .deb file.  You can pick either the 32bit(i386) version or the 64bit(Amd64) version.

Once downloaded, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, navigate to the folder where the file was downloaded and run the command below:

sudo dpkg -i <package_name>

When the installation is done, type stencyl in dash, and click on the icon as shown in the image below.


Ask your host. It is not something you will see when installing Ubuntu on a desktop or private server.
No. As long as the hosting provider provides 18.04 you should be fine.
No. When using a hosting provider you should use the operating system that hosting provider provides.

A hosting provider tends to provide a pre configured, known to work, operating system. When you want a new operating system you create it at the console provided by the hosting provider not by upgrading. It is far too risky to do that from command line: as you saw your system is dead if it can not boot. On GCE, AWS and Azure you probably would have lost your instance.


Ubuntu virtual machine very slow boot time

from the comments...

Edit your question to include the terminal output of sudo blkid and cat /etc/fstab and free -h and swapon.

Edit /etc/fstab to make the UUID match the one from blkid.

sudo -H gedit /etc/fstab

Change this:

UUID=0dd5...   none   swap    sw    0   0

To this:

UUID=6696...   none   swap    sw    0   0

Then:

sudo swapon -a # to turn on swap

free -h        # to see memory and swap

sudo swapon    # to see swap partition info


Synaptic opens with "starting without Administrative privileges

Since the common user does not have permission to install programs (Since installing programs is an administrative activity) you need to start synaptic as an administrator. To do this you can:

Start synaptic through the menu: System -> Administration -> Synaptic

Or

Press ALT+F2 and type: gksu synaptic (gksu is to start a program in gui as administrator)

If you run it like one would normally would, just typing synaptic, synaptic will run with the privileges that the running user has. Since the privileges of the normal user are not administrative level, synaptic throughs that security message. At that level, you can only see the programs you can install and information related to them, but you can not install from the lack of administrative privileges.

NOTE - If you edit the main menu and go to the synaptic option of the menu, you will see it also starts with gksu. That is why in the menu it works like it should.


How to change the application to open pdf file in Firefox


How to properly update Grub in Hosted environment

1. Grub configuration:

First of all, make a backup of /etc/default/grub file. This file is used to generate /boot/grub/grub.cfg with update-grub command. Feel free to keep existing, but i'd reccomend you to merge with package and compare merged with a backup copy. Do not replace with package. The system can be unbootable. /boot/grub/grub.cfg file will be regenerated at the end of update process. So, inspect the final version of /etc/default/grub, modify it if needed, run update-grub command if modified.

2. Installation location:

/boot is the only one location GRUB2 places it's files, but it also embed some code into MBR/boot partition. So, if /boot located on a separate partition and this partition is marked as bootable - choose /boot. If another partition is marked as bootable (/ for example - choose all locations).

On UEFI systems GRUB2 places additional files on /boot/efi.


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS “No Bluetooth found Plug in a dongle to use Bluetooth”

Shutdown your system. It should work after boot.


How do I stop video tearing? (Nvidia prop driver, non-compositing window manager)

One thing to try that may work. Open nvidia-settings and go to the powermizer section. Choose "Maximum Performance" in the drop-down, and you should see your powermizer level jump to the fastest speed.

Once you've done that, try the video.

In the past, I've found that vsync doesn't work when the nvidia card is on the slowest powermizer setting.


You can use the below command to install the wine via terminal.

sudo apt-get install wine


How can I ignore and fix unmet dependencies on apt-get?

If you observe the output, you will find this line.

trying to overwrite '/usr/share/accounts/services/google-im.service',
which is also in package account-plugin-google 0.13+16.04.20160810-0ubuntu1

Problem is one of the files is already present in the system installed by some other package (account-plugin-google) which is getting overwritten by the new package you were trying to install.
However dpkg is not going to overwrite it until you are not specifying it.

So you have 2 options

Purge the old one and install the new one or
overwrite the file with the new one.

In your case, I will prefer the second solution.
To solve this problem, execute this command

sudo dpkg -i  --force-overwrite  /var/cache/apt/archives/kde-config-
telepathy-accounts_4%3a15.12.3-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb

followed by

sudo apt-get -f install


Once you have installed the openvpn package, you need to configure it accordingly. (for other readers, the files inside an installed package can be listed with dpkg -L openvpn.)

I can recommend you to use Network Manager which has an OpenVPN plugin. There you can put the certificates, host, etc. of your VPN provider. If you have none and want to setup the server and client, have a look at How do I setup OpenVPN so I can securely use the internet from an unsecured hotspot? (for example).


How to automount ntfs internal hard drive as user

I've organized this answer going what is good to best answer in my opinion. It's not a requirement to do all of them and user discretion is advised :)

/etc/fstab approach

The way I'd personally do it use users option. That way , a partition is available to all users - maybe I've car manual that my dad wants to read there with his account, maybe my mom also wants to open shared photo album using her account - whatever the reason may be. An example would be:

# MY WINDOWS PARTITION

UUID=4EBAAE53BAAE36FD /media/WINDOWS  ntfs noatime,nodiratime,users,rw 0 0

However, yes, that's a security hole. So next better option is this to use uid= flag. Each user on a *nix system has unique integer number attached to them (run id command to find out your numeric id, or look into /etc/passwd file and find your username ). So, the next entry for me would look like this:

# MY WINDOWS PARTITION

UUID=4EBAAE53BAAE36FD /media/WINDOWS  ntfs noatime,nodiratime,uid=1000,rw 0 0

udisksctl approach

mount command wants you to specify a lot of information - user, filesystem type. These pieces of info you might not know how to find. There is an easier alternative, udisksctl. It will mount a partition as the user who runs it. Here's how I'd run it if I want to mount my Windows partition on my second HDD:

udisksctl mount -b /dev/sdb2

And that easily can be turned into a function in .bashrc file (define at the top)

function mountWindows
{
udisksctl mount -b /dev/sdb2
}

Now you basically have a command for mounting Windows partition. If you place call to that function at the end of your .bashrc it will be running each time you spawn terminal window. Of course it's not exactly automation , but for someone like myself  who constantly has terminal window open - it's easiest automation method.

There's a small issue however - the call is made each time bash starts, meaning each time window is open. With a bit of editing we can include a check to whether or not the partition is already mounted or not.

function mountWindows
{
grep -q '/dev/sdb2' /proc/mounts
if [ $? -eq 0  ];then
  echo ">>> Windows partition already mounted";
else udisksctl mount -b /dev/sdb2
fi
}

Now, each time we spawn bash we quietly check if /dev/sdb2 is in the /proc/mounts file (only stuff that's already mounted is in that file). If it's there, we just say so. If it's not, we'll run udisksctl command.


Perhaps you need to install arptables

sudo su
apt-get install arptables

Arptables is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of ARP rules in the Linux kernel.

It is analogous to iptables, but operates at the ARP layer rather than the IP layer.

Example:

sudo su
arptables -F INPUT
arptables -A INPUT -i eth3 --destination-ip ! 192.168.99.101 -j DROP
arptables -A INPUT -i eth6 --destination-ip ! 192.168.99.102 -j DROP
arptables -A INPUT -i eth10 --destination-ip ! 192.168.99.104 -j DROP
arptables -A INPUT -i eth12 --destination-ip ! 1192.1168.99.103 -j DROP

This will prevent broadcasts from going into the wrong interface.


How to change the order of startup applications?

These will start in alphabetical order, so you can name the startup application 0-Chrome to start it before the others.


Solaar (software for BT pairing of Logitech devices) is popping up with error message

Without knowing the exact error message that you're receiving, I'm going to have to guess at a possible cure...

Solaar is currently at version 1.0.1, but I don't think it's in the Ubuntu repos until 19.10.

Update the Logitech Unifying receiver firmware...

The Ubuntu Software application can update the firmware easily.
You can also see...

https://www.techsupportalert.com/content/update-your-logitech-wireless-dongle-right-now.htm

https://support.logi.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/360032078393-Logitech-Response-to-Research-Findings


Cannot uninstall extension gnome shell extension

I have found the way

sudo rm -R /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/window-list@gnome-shell-extensions.gcampax.github.com/

For some reason it gets installed system-wide


Can I download the upgrade from 11.04 to 11.10 without installing it right away?

There is a way to accomplish this in a way, but it's a bit complicated. You would have to use Synaptic, and change all your software sources to point to oneiric instead of natty, then set it to download the packages it needs for the upgrade and not install them....

But this method could also mean that the upgrade does not go smoothly due to package solver issues.


Is changing a block device's ownership/permissions equivalent to changing a filesystem's ownrshp/perms? Is this something one would want to do?

When you change the owner or ownership of the block device, you do not change anything in the filesystem. What happens if you chown the block device to a normal user is, that you completely bypass the filesystem access rights.

A block device is just container that holds unstructured data. The filesystem makes this structured and usable. Normally all users access the block device indirectly through the filesystem, asking to read/open/write files or folders. All based on the access rights that are maintained by the filesystem, granting or denying access to a file or folder.

Now when a normal user has read/write access on a block device, one can bypass those access rights of the filesystem as you can "scratch" files directly form the block device.

Let's walk through.

First we create a folder and file that is only accessible by root, starting with a block device as it should be.

root@host:~# ll /dev/vda1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 1 Jul 26 18:52 /dev/vda1

root@host:~# mkdir /secure-folder
root@host:~# chmod 700 /secure-folder/
root@host:~# ll -d /secure-folder
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Jul 27 20:06 /secure-folder/

root@host:~# echo "MySuperSecretText" > /secure-folder/my-secure-file
root@host:~# chmod 400 /secure-folder/my-secure-file
root@host:~# ll /secure-folder/my-secure-file
-r-------- 1 root root 9 Jul 27 19:19 /secure-folder/my-secure-file

This folder and file can only be accessed by the root user and even after changing the owner of the block device, it is still as you would expect.

user@host:~$ ll /secure-folder/
ls: cannot open directory /secure-folder/: Permission denied
user@host:~$ ll /secure-folder/my-secure-file
ls: cannot access /secure-folder/my-secure-file: Permission denied

root@host:~# chown user /dev/vda1
root@host:~# ll /dev/vda1
brw-rw---- 1 user disk 253, 1 Jul 27 20:16 /dev/vda1

user@host:~$ ll /secure-folder/
ls: cannot open directory /secure-folder/: Permission denied
user@host:~$ ll /secure-folder/my-secure-file
ls: cannot access /secure-folder/my-secure-file: Permission denied

In this case your filesystem is preventing the user from access files that it does not have access rights to.
But since the user has read/write access to the block device, we can bypass the filesystem. vda1 here is the partition that is mounted on / and debugfs comes with e2fsprogs, so is pretty sure preinstalled.

user@host:~$ debugfs /dev/vda1 -R "ls -l /secure-folder"
  67344   40700 (2)      0      0    4096 27-Jul-2017 19:33 .
      2   40755 (2)      0      0    4096 27-Jul-2017 19:16 ..
  45137  100400 (1)      0      0      18 27-Jul-2017 19:43 my-secure-file

Alright, I can list the directory entries in a folder I do not have access rights. Let's see what else can be done on a file that I do not have access rights on.

user@host:~$ debugfs /dev/vda1 -R "cat /secure-folder/my-secure-file"
debugfs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
MySuperSecretText

Alright, I can read contents of files this way. Cool. What else could I do? Let's create a folder in a place I normally couldn't.

user@host:~$ debugfs -w /dev/vda1 -R "mkdir /secure-folder/attack"
debugfs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)

root@host:~# ll /secure-folder/
total 16
drwx------  2 root root 4096 Jul 27 19:33 ./
drwxr-xr-x 25 root root 4096 Jul 27 19:16 ../
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Jul 27 20:29 attack/
-r--------  1 root root   18 Jul 27 19:43 my-secure-file

Ooops. It even belongs to root although I have created it as user. Hm, what else would be possible? Let's try.

First we need the block number of the /secure-folder/my-secure-file.

user@host:~$ debugfs /dev/vda1 -R "blocks /secure-folder/my-secure-file"
debugfs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
913939

Okay, block number 913939 contains the data of the file /secure-folder/my-secure-file. Let's use dd to get the content, 4096 is the default block size of ext4 or xfs filesystems. Again possible because I can operate on the block device as a normal user.

user@host:~$ dd if=/dev/vda1 of=/tmp/secure-file skip=913939 bs=4096 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
4096 bytes (4.1 kB) copied, 0.0214174 s, 191 kB/s

Now we can modify /tmp/secure-file and dd it back on the block device.

user@host:~$ cat /tmp/secure-file
XxXxxxxSecretText

user@host:~$ dd if=/tmp/secure-file of=/dev/vda1 seek=913939 bs=4096 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
4096 bytes (4.1 kB) copied, 0.000356448 s, 11.5 MB/s

Last, as root user let's have a look at the file from the filesystem view. To make it safe we first invalidate all caches to get the content of the disk.

root@host:~# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
root@host:~# cat /secure-folder/my-secure-file
XxXxxxxSecretText

root@host:~# ll /secure-folder/my-secure-file
-r-------- 1 root root 18 Jul 27 20:39 /secure-folder/my-secure-file

I have changed a file that belongs to root as normal user and did not have to change any access rights. All based on the fact that I had read/write access to the underlying block device.
This is only a simple example and an advanced attacker could place binary code in your filesystem or exchange well known binaries with malicious ones. Normally the tools used are preinstalled on nearly any distribution.

Well, I must admit that the access rights on the block device are set back  when you reboot by udev, but it opens a security issue when you give read/write access to a normal user to a block device.

Hope it's not too confusing and helps to understand the difference between the filesystem and the block device.


One of the nice things about Ubuntu is that it (almost) always does exactly what you tell it. Unfortunately, one of the bad things about Ubuntu is that it (almost) always does exactly what you tell it ... even if it's not what you meant. I've installed just about every version of Ubuntu since Warty and the only time I've made a mistake was when I misunderstood a sentence that was probably revised once too often. That said, it may be possible to restore your Windows partition so long as no data has been written to that device. To do this, you'll need testdisk.
First, let's open a Terminal, then:

Update apt, as we need to grab some software: sudo apt update
Install testdisk: sudo apt install testdisk
Ensure the application is installed correctly with a recent version, such as 7.1: testdisk --version

TestDisk 7.1, Data Recovery Utility, July 2019
Christophe GRENIER <grenier@cgsecurity.org>
https://www.cgsecurity.org

Version: 7.1
Compiler: GCC 9.2
ext2fs lib: 1.45.5, ntfs lib: libntfs-3g, reiserfs lib: none, ewf lib: none, curses lib: ncurses 6.1
OS: Linux, kernel 5.4.0-58-generic (#64-Ubuntu SMP Wed Dec 9 08:16:25 UTC 2020) x86_64

With this out of the way, we can get into the actual recovery steps. First we will need to create a detailed log file.

Start the testdisk wizard with: sudo testdisk

Note: If you do not use sudo here, you will be asked for a sudo password after choosing an option.

You can use the arrow keys to navigate between [Create], [Append], and [No Log] but, as this is the first time you're running the tool and we most certainly need a log, just hit Enter
You'll be presented a list of devices to recover. Unfortunately there will likely be a bunch of /dev/loopX records getting in the way, but you should find your Windows device somewhere as /dev/nvmeXnY or /dev/sdXY, where X is the device number and Y is the partition number. Use the ⇡ and ⇣ arrow keys to choose the partition that you would like to recover, then use the ⇠ and ⇢ arrow keys to toggle between [Proceed ] and [  Quit  ].

Next, it's time to set the partition table type.

You'll be presented yet another list of options to choose from, this time partition table types. testdisk is pretty good at choosing the correct one for you and, because Windows uses NTFS partitions, you will probably have [Intel  ] pre-selected. You shouldn't need to change this so long as the device itself has not been modified or damaged.

Hit Enter to continue
The next page is going to ask what you would like to do. As we are trying to recover a lost partition, we are going to choose [Analyze]

Next you'll see a list like in the image below with [Quick Search] highlighted. This will scan your drive to find any partition information, past or present. Press Enter.

The utility will need a bit of time (possibly hours) to scan through the entire device. When it's done, it will list any partitions that it found.

Note: I don't have any lost NTFS partitions in the house, so I can't (easily) show you what that might look like.

You will likely see multiple partitions for boot, Windows, and possibly system recovery, depending on how Windows was configured on your device. Choose one and press Enter to choose the next action.
When all partitions are available, the data should be correctly listed with the size of the partition and NTFS as its format. If this is good, you can use the ⇠ and ⇢ arrows to select [Write]. This will save the partition structure to the disk and, ideally, bring your Windows installation back to life!
Choose [Quit] to exit the application and, when it asks you to reboot, hit Enter to trigger the [Ok].

This should give you your Windows installation back or, at the very least, make the partitions readable so that you can recover your files.
Hope this makes your day a little brighter


Apache2 Virtual Hosts with Ubuntu 15.10 changing DocumentRoot

You'll need to ensure that the virtual user/group running apache2 (www-data) has at least scan access (x) to all directories in the path. E.g, the following commands (as root):

# chmod o+x /home /home/roy /home/roy/websites
# chgrp -R www-data /home/roy/websites/php_js_projects

The latter command will make all files in that directory tree be in group www-data, which is the group of the apache2. Of course, all published files also need to be group accessible.

Another way, that generally is better I think, is that you add user roy to the www-data group, and then set it up to keep the published files somewhere under /var/www, with a link from roy's home directory. In that way you have a more clear separation between "private" and "public" files.


NVIDIA gpu not working together with amd cpu with integrated graphics

I was able to fix my issue, for anyone with the same problem, Ill try listing everything I did.
I started off with a clean ubuntu 20.04 LTS install, first thing I did was update my drivers to the nvidia-driver-450 package, instead of the recommended nvidia-driver-440. This fixed nvidia-settings.
Then I followed the first steps of the answer posted on this page by generix. As soon as he started creating optimus.desktop files I stopped following and tested right ahead.
You can open a terminal, run this command to test it:
__NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD=1 __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME=nvidia glxinfo | grep vendor
if it returns NVIDIA corp, you're in the clear.
Now whenever you want to launch an application using your nvidia card, you have to set those two environment variables.
For steam games, just do:
__NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD=1 __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME=nvidia %command%
in your games launch options (right click game -> properties -> set launch options).
I tested with ark, and it worked fine. If it still doesn't work, I wish you good luck on your search for your answer.


how to install that Nvidia 331.45 version.... Nvidia newly released Nvidia 331.45 version updated drive.. now in my pc Nvidia 319 Updated drive

If you are using Open source drivers you can change your desktop resolution from Displays app search it in your dash<-- dash is the search thing you have.

If you want to install newest nvidia drivers You should use ppa

If you want to use the latest and greatest versions of nvidia drivers you should use this ppa
“xorg crack pushers” team
But I must worn you that this drivers are after beta versions so think twice before updating you might better of sticking to the version you can install from your additional drivers menu.
Personally I have been using it for quite some time and no problem with that ppa.

There are many ways to install this but I did it like so

First add ppa to your source list

Open terminal and type this in it and press enter

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

after it is finished type

sudo apt-get update

now open software & updates app
 select additional drivers and you will see new nvidia driver version

select it and press apply changes
ignore that in the end it is written (open source) it is not open source drivers they are proprietary.
after it will finish installing drivers reboot your pc and you will be using your new drivers.
now you have your nvidia control panel in your dash and can change settings from it

Do not worry about the updates it will automatically download the latest nvidia drivers from now on

one more thing welcome to fantastic Linux/Ubuntu community hope you will enjoy the ride


Does Ubuntu deliberately contaminate its binaries to help NSA?

Even though this is a valid question, I think it cannot be known whether these practices take place. After all, the purpose of hidden vulnerabilities that are designed into software is for them to remain hidden.

There are a few things to take into account, though:

It is harder to hide secret backports in open source software. They almost have to be at the level of algorithms.
Why would NSA try to get into Ubuntu if they can already read your email and listen in on your phone?
Why would Ubuntu take such a risk? After all, losing their credibility in the linux world would incite people to use other linux systems.

Quite frankly, Ubuntu is dependent on a lot of different software. To be honest, I do not think deliberate contaminations fit the Ubuntu spirit. That being said, who knows...


How can I install drivers for an Intel 82915G/GV/910GL?

The Intel driver is already installed by default in Ubuntu; I have the same chipset and, at the moment, I can't run Unity 3D with it. I just can run flawlessly Unity 2D, choosing it at the login screen.
If you want hardware acceleration, you could possibily try to add Xord Edgers PPA, but it's risky cause you could mess up your computer and I don't advice it, also because I don't know if with the updated driver you can succeed in using hardware acceleration and runnning Unity 3D.


Unable to Update hardware support software

No solution as of yet, but this bug discusses the issue: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apt/+bug/1328264


text is not appearing at cursor in bash, can I reset it somehow?

Yes, you can reset it, using the reset command.


There is a task manager. Search for System Monitor in Dash. It allows you to easily kill tasks, view resource usage per process, total RAM & CPU usage etc.

Ubuntu will only ask for a password when you want to change something on the PC, like remove or install software, partitioning your hard drive, adding or removing users etc. Normal tasks won't ask for a password. You can't disable it as it's how Ubuntu (and other Linux based operating systems) work.

To solve your problem with crashing packages we'll need more info. Update your question with some logs or tell us what you do and what happens.


Installing Ubuntu 13.04 on Samsung Chromebook 550

Source: http://zoomq.qiniudn.com/ZQScrapBook/ZqFLOSS/data/20130524230746/index.html
Actual source is http://www.whatthetech.info/installing-ubuntu-13-04-samsung-chromebook/, but the link is dead. The above link is a cached copy.

This ONLY works for the ARM Samsung Chromebook. Do not attempt on any other device.
You must be in developer mode to follow this process. See here for instructions.
Where mentioned, “mmcblk1″ indicates an install on an SD card in the SD slot of the laptop. This can be changed to install on the internal SSD simply by removing the “/dev/mmcblk1″ flag from the shell command. THIS WILL WIPE YOUR INTERNAL SSD.
This process will delete all data on your SD card.
As always, everything is “at your own risk”.

Now, on to the tutorial! I’ll be using a 16GB Sandisk Extreme SD card for this tutorial. At 20MB/s it’s not the fastest out there, but my Extreme Pro cards are all filled with important pictures so I couldn’t use one this time around. As a side note, 99% of the problems I have had with installing ubuntu have been to do with SD card formatting and partition labels. The best thing to do is simply to use a brand new memory card that has no leftover junk on it. I have had success with formatting a memory card in a camera. If you have any issues, please email me using the contact page and I will help you figure it out. For good measure, I like to format the card in the ChromeOS file app too:

Step 1: Download the script

Simon has created a .sh file (shell script) that does a LOT of the work for you. This script can be found here: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B6ujqV3C76WhaktVbEFuanNQN2s/edit?usp=sharing or http://paste.ubuntu.com/6148392/

Download to your “Downloads” folder on the chromebook – do NOT rename it (or name it install-ubuntu-core-chromebook.sh).

Step 2: Running the script

Head over to your console by pressing Ctrl+Alt+→. Log in as “chronos” (simply type chronos on the first line and hit enter).

Now you want to unmount your SD card so it can be worked on, by typing sudo umount /dev/mmcblk1* (note the asterisk should be typed).

Once unmounted, it’s time to run the script!

sudo bash /home/chronos/user/Downloads/install-ubuntu-core-chromebook.sh /dev/mmcblk1

You may need to hit enter a couple of times to get it running. If you see a “/dev/mmcblk1p7 is mounted” error, you forgot the asterisk. If you have any GPT labeling errors, you didn’t format correctly. Once started the process will take about 10 minutes depending on the speed of your card. During the process you have to input a few options, including keyboard layout and encoding. Simply choose the ones that best fit you (U.S. keyboard, UTF8 formatting etc.).

Let the install process finish out.

Step 3: Reboot

As instructed, it’s time to reboot. Simply type exit in console then hit Ctrl+Alt+←, or hold down the power button. Once you’re at the “OS Verification is Off” white boot screen, hit CTRL+U to boot into your new Ubuntu install.

Step 4: Installing Ubuntu

You’re VERY nearly finished. It’s time to get Ubuntu up and running. The first thing you will want to do is log in as root. Simply type root and hit enter. Let’s take a minute and set the root password, by typing passwd ROOTPASSWORDHERE. Now simply type adduser YOURUSERNAME so you can add yourself as a user. So for example, I typed adduser whatthetech. Make sure it’s all lower case without spaces. Enter the info and password that you want, and confirm.

Here’s a picture of the full process (including where I tried to add a password before having a user, and tried to add a user with an uppercase letter – I’m human too…lol):

Now let’s get connected to wi-fi so that you can finish the install. Type sh quickwpa.sh myssid mykey where “myssid” is the name of your wi-fi network and “mykey” is the password. It will take a few seconds to connect.

FINALLY, once connected to the internet, type apt-get install ubuntu-standard xubuntu-desktop chromium-browser and hit Enter. As Alex says “go get a coffee, because that will be a while”. It’s not a joke….this will take a LONG time. Your chromebook is now downloading and installing over 1GB of system files, but it’s the last thing you need to do! Once finished, it’s time to log in to your brand new 13.04 installation.

Enjoy!! Many thanks to Alex for making me aware of the script that automates this process, as well as outlining the shell commands to get operational! You can thank him on Twitter @androidfilehost or by heading over to www.androidfilehost.com

Our sincerest thanks to Simon Porter for creating the script in question – you can thank him on Google+ here.


What's the difference between the "group" and "group-" file?

Though I cannot find any information in manual pages, I suppose it is a backup copy, as it is documented for /etc/shadow- in shadow manual page:

/etc/shadow-
       Backup file for /etc/shadow.


ubuntu 20.04. I have skipped frame or two pretty consistently like every second or so

hello i found what causes the problem it was indicator-multiload app for monitoring cpu load and ram usage when i have graph turned on every time it refreshes it freezes whole gnome for fraction of a second so i turned graph off numeric values for ram and cpu is fine


Can't locate enemy-territory in terminal?

It seems my problems were caused by old playdeb repositories that were disabled when I upgraded to 10.10.

The solution was to:

make sure ubuntu software center is closed and remove playdeb package via synaptic

Open up Synaptic (by going to System → Administration → Synaptic Package Manager)
Search for "playdeb" and select "mark for complete removal"
Apply the changes and close synaptic

Install the playdeb package again
update and install the game via the terminal.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install enemy-territory

I also removed all the old playdeb repositories from the software sources by opening the software center, going to Edit → Software-Sources → Other Software and removing the disabled entries.


Already dual booting windows and ubuntu but want to install latest ubuntu on another hard drive

I actually just ran the  live cd and installed ubuntu on my new harddrive with all my other hard drives plugged in. I used the advanced options to partition my empty hard drive and installed Ubuntu on it. It did the rest and grub allows me to boot into all os's I have installed.


Youtube "video zoomed in" bug, both in Chrome & Firefox, incognito mode or not. It works fine in other Linux & Windows though

What I found is that the problem goes away as long as you set the Ubuntu Dock in auto-hide mode. Also, you can resize the window for a temporal fix.


How to update to latest OpenGL version on Virtualbox Ubuntu Linux machine?

The OpenGL drivers in the VirtualBox Guest Additions are limited to OpenGL 2.1. Despite many requests for improved OpenGL capability in the VBox user forums I've seen no mention of the VBox developers working on OpenGL 3 or better support. That said it only had OpenGL 2.0 support around 2009 and has been quietly upgrading to OpenGL 2.1 in the meantime. They may get there.

You always have the option to install software rendering OpenGL drivers but they wouldn't be usable for anything beyond the most basic requirements. e.g.: there is a software rendering OpenGL32 driver for Blender on their FTP site which allows Blender for Windows to actually work inside a Windows guest, but frame rates when animating Poses are in the 0.5-2.0 fps region. Not nice.

Note that VMware's paid products (VMware Fusion for Mac, VMware Workstation for Linux and VMware Workstation for Windows) all have 3D capabilities at DirectX 10 and OpenGL 3.3 feature levels. If you're willing to pay for them they may work for you (there are trial versions available to download and install for free).

You'd think it wouldn't be too hard to port across, all four being products of VMware... and it's just a driver for their own virtual graphics adapter... right?


Login screen ubuntu 12.04 not showing user's desktop

Run sudo nautilus in the terminal (Or Alt+F2 and gksudo nautilus, copy wallpapers into the /usr/share/backgrounds directory, and change the file permissions to match the default wallpapers. I haven't done exhaustive testing to see if it works for all my images, but it has worked for one that was previously giving me problems. Login screen now looks great.

I hope that helps. Take care.

P.S. System: Acer AOD270 Netbook


Nothing to do with C specific. The command line comes from the OS.
Take the input from a file or escape it in the command line and unescape it in your program. OR use single quotes. See https://superuser.com/questions/163515/bash-how-to-pass-command-line-arguments-containing-special-characters


mysql -u [username] -p [database_name] -e "[sql_query]"

Example:

nohup mysql -u root -p somedb -e "select * from mytable" &


I tried the following now:

# remove evolution packages
sudo apt-get remove evolution evolution-common evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common evolution-data-server-online-accounts

# install thunderbird
sudo apt-get install thunderbird tunderbird-common thunderbird-gnome-support thunderbird-local-en

I hope I did't miss anything.


Support for Karmic Koala has ended - and the repositories have been removed.

You will not be able to update using "apt-get install" anymore.

You will either need to upgrade to 10.04 via a sudo apt-get dist-upgrade - or take the opportunity to do a nice clean install of the latest ubuntu - 11.04.

The only other alternative I can think of is to compile from source.

If you are using Karmic due to hardware issues such as lack of RAM - consider an install of Lubuntu or Xubuntu.


Ubuntu Server 14.04.3 LTS - Where is the Openstack?

That means that the default repositories do contain the packages for installing OpenStack, but you have to install and configure all the components yourself (by hand, or using some tool). Alternatively, you can install Ubuntu with MaaS and install the OpenStack with juju.

You can also use the autopilot. I personally didn't manage to get it working on Ubuntu 14.04 due to dependency problems. But it did work well on 15.10.
Check out this link:

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/cloud/install-openstack-with-autopilot

Update:
Here is another link to a similar question: Ubuntu OpenStack and What Did I Miss Here?


Share USB modem dongle Internet over WiFi

You can try to use special Software to start a Hotspot. The easiest solution for myself is ap-hotspot.

A broader description of it can be found under the following link.
http://www.webupd8.org/2013/06/how-to-set-up-wireless-hotspot-access.html

It installs Hostapd on your Laptop, directly via a PPA.
After that just start it with the following command.

    sudo ap-hotspot start

and also restart or stop it this way.


Where is the SSH Server Fingerprint generated/stored?

When you make a SSH session, two different key pairs (with a fingerprint for each pair) are involved. One is the user's key which is stored in ~/.ssh. The user's SSH key identity is sometimes used as credentials to login to another computer (if you have set up key based login).

The other is the SSH server's key. This is the key you see the fingerprint for when you connect to a different server for the first time. This key's identity is used to make sure you are logging in to the SSH server you intend to. This is important if you are using passwords because you wouldn't want to accidentally try to login to an attackers machine: the attacker would get your password when you typed it in. Then the attacker could login to the machine you thought you were logging in to! (this is known as a "man in the middle attack") The keys a SSH server uses to identify itself when you login to it are located in /etc/ssh/ and usually named something like ssh_host_rsa_key.

You can actually change where the SSH server looks for the key in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file with the HostKey /path/to/host/key setting.

By default, ssh-keygen will create a key for the current user, which, by default, will be stored in ~/.ssh. The format of a user key and a server key is the same; the difference is where they are placed and whether /etc/ssh/sshd_config has a HostKey directive pointing to them. When you install the openssh-server package, it automatically generates keys for the server to use. That is where the keys with the unknown fingerprint came from. If you want to see the fingerprint of the SSH server's (RSA*) key, you could run ssh-keygen -lf /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub.

*There are different encryption algorithms. Each one uses a different key. Common ones are DSA (weak), RSA (old default), and ECDSA (new default).


Why don't virtualize your Windows, I used a full fledged XP will all office stuff installed on top of VirtualBox, Also it will run flawlessly in a full screen, so it won't make any difference if you have to use it for some days.


Any way to speed up Intel integrated graphics on 18.04?

Ok, so usually you just need to create an xorg.conf and properly set the parameters in order to get a much more decent experience. In this case the parameters AccelMethod set to sna and the TearFree to true are what does the trick. Here's how to proceed in the terminal:

First step:

sudo mkdir /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/

Second step:

Run the command

echo -e 'Section "Device"\n Identifier "Intel Graphics"\n Driver "Intel"\n Option "AccelMethod" "sna"\n Option "TearFree" "true"\nEndSection' | sudo tee /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

This will create /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf file with content:

Section "Device"
 Identifier "Intel Graphics"
 Driver "Intel"
 Option "AccelMethod" "sna"
 Option "TearFree" "true"
EndSection

After that just reboot. Hope it helps.


Installing node with apt-get or downloading the Linux Binaries (.tar.gz)

Installing from source has one pitfall, that removing (and otherwise keeping track of installed files) becomes difficult. It's best to let the package manager handle the installation. You can use this PPA and then apt-get will get you the latest version.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chris-lea/node.js
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nodejs

The PPA has since been moved to another source. The instructions from the NodeJS Github wiki:

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup | sudo bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

The commands, condensed out from the script:

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https lsb-release curl
curl -s https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource.gpg.key | apt-key add -
sudo sh -c "echo 'deb https://deb.nodesource.com/node $(lsb_release -sc) main' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
sudo sh -c "echo 'deb-src https://deb.nodesource.com/node $(lsb_release -sc) main' >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nodejs