Allow non-admin users to mount drives via nautilus

I solved this problem by changing the default policy. There are three ways to achieve this:

By giving privilege to a group

First create a group mounter by using this command:

 sudo addgroup mounter

Then add the non-admin users to this group. For examle, I'm adding non-admin user normal to this group.

 sudo adduser normal mounter

Then open the policy file with admin privilege.

 gksu gedit /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla

At the top of the file there is a section like this:

[Mounting, checking, etc. of internal drives]
Identity=unix-group:admin;unix-group:sudo;
Action=org.freedesktop.udisks.filesystem-*;org.freedesktop.udisks.drive-ata-smart*
ResultActive=yes

Add unix-group:mounter; after Identity=unix-group:admin;unix-group:sudo; at the first line of the section. The changed section will look like this

[Mounting, checking, etc. of internal drives]
Identity=unix-group:admin;unix-group:sudo;unix-group:mounter;
Action=org.freedesktop.udisks.filesystem-*;org.freedesktop.udisks.drive-ata-smart*
ResultActive=yes

That's it. Now the non-admin users can mount the drives without requiring admin-password. They only need to be added to the mounter group. Note to add a user novice to the group mounter, execute this command: sudo adduser novice mounter.

By giving privilege to specific user

If you don't want to create another group, you can just add their user name (login name) in that file.

Open the policy file with admin privilege. You can type this command in a terminal or in the dash prompt by Pressing Alt-F2.

 gksu gedit /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla

Then add unix-user:<login-name> at the Identity line in the section [Mounting, checking, etc. of internal drives]. Remember to use the login name of the user, not the literal .. For example, if you want to give user tester this privilege, the line will be look like below

[Mounting, checking, etc. of internal drives]
Identity=unix-group:admin;unix-group:sudo;unix-user:tester;
Action=org.freedesktop.udisks.filesystem-*;org.freedesktop.udisks.drive-ata-smart*
ResultActive=yes

Save the file and exit gedit.

By giving privilege to all users

The above two methods will not work for the default guess user in Ubuntu. Because, the guest user is created dynamically upon login and get deleted after logout.

To workaround this, You can give all users this privilege.

Open the policy file with admin privilege. You can type this command in a terminal or in the dash prompt by Pressing Alt-F2.

 gksu gedit /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla

Then add unix-user:* at the Identity line in the section [Mounting, checking, etc. of internal drives]. After modification the section will look like below:

[Mounting, checking, etc. of internal drives]
Identity=unix-group:admin;unix-group:sudo;unix-user:*;
Action=org.freedesktop.udisks.filesystem-*;org.freedesktop.udisks.drive-ata-smart*
ResultActive=yes

Save the file and exit gedit.

UPDATES

Tested in 14.04. It works the way it is described in the answer


Alacarte: copy applications to another menu

As far I can understand - you use classic desktop (such as GNOME FlashBack or MATE DE).

Alacarte does not allow to do this simply.
But Mozo (its fork on MATE DE) has this functionality (install it with sudo apt-get install mozo). The following steps will help:

start Mozo (on MATE DE by right-clicking on Applications menu or System->Preferences->Look and Feel->Main Menu);
create new menu name favorite with New Menu button;
drag-and-drop application icon between existing Menu "directory" and your new favorite menu.

Your idea works great on MATE DE.


Libreoffice crashing after splash screen

locate action-unavailable.svg

and create a symlink to

/usr/share/icons/Papirus-Dark/16x16/actions/image-missing.svg

The project page has it listed as a symlink.

  EDIT: I've tried this with the latest version of LibreOffice that came with the default repositories, as well as the LibreOffice PPA. Both have the same issue. Also attempted to purge and reinstall all LibreOffice related packages, to no avail.

Problem is the icon pack. Not libreoffice.


The issue here is absolute versus relative paths. An absolute path is /bar/foo/file.txt and a relative path is ./file.txt. When you run ln -s foo.txt /home/ubuntu/central_addcontent/program/, that is equivalent to running

ln -s ./foo.txt /home/ubuntu/central_addcontent/program/

This will create a file called foo.txt that is pointing to ./foo.txt in the target directory. This is simpler to illustrate with an example giving a different link name:

$ ln -s foo.txt /home/terdon/central_addcontent/program/bar.txt
$ ls -l /home/terdon/central_addcontent/program/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 terdon terdon 7 Nov 25 11:25 bar.txt -> foo.txt

As you can see above, bar.txt is pointing to /home/terdon/central_addcontent/program/foo.txt and that file does not exist. To do this correctly you can either use the full path of foo.txt or use the relative path but with respect to the target directory. Both of these will work:

$ ln -s ~/central_app/program/foo.txt ~/central_addcontent/program/
$ l /home/terdon/central_addcontent/program/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 terdon terdon 40 Nov 25 11:28 foo.txt -> /home/terdon/central_app/program/foo.txt

Or

$ ln -s ../../central_app/program/foo.txt ~/central_addcontent/program/
$ ls -l /home/terdon/central_addcontent/program/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 terdon terdon 33 Nov 25 11:29 foo.txt -> ../../central_app/program/foo.txt

In the second example, I've used a relative path but with respect to the link's target.


Unable to deploy a node in MAAS 2.1.3 in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

That to me looks like nodes in deployment can't reach the repositories. If you are using the MAAS node as a proxy to the internet make sure your IPTABLES is setup to NAT the nodes.


How can I upgrade to a newer version of btrfs-tools?

There are some instructions for getting the latest version at btrfs wiki. There is also a bug report asking for a newer version in ubuntu bug #894456


The previously linked page Some applications on Ubuntu 19.10 very slow to start, provides solutions that worked for me.

(Temporary Solution) Launch the program as the superuser:

sudo ./project1

(Temporary Solution) Launch the application with launch:

dbus-launch --exit-with-session ./project1

(Permanent Solution) Run the following command and restart your computer:

sudo apt-get install appmenu-gtk2-module


Although you question deals with an EOL Ubuntu release I have found that the same issue exists on Trusty Tahr. A partial fix is simple:

Right click on the archive from within the Krusader winder
Select: Other
Select 'Browse'
Navigate to /usr/bin/file-roller and select this
Ensure you have selected the 'Remember Application...' button
Click OK

A screenshot below to illustrate the crucial settings:

You will still not see the gzip file in the Krusader window (the 'Transparent' handling) but you will see it in File Roller. Annoyingly looks like that bug was actually closed as fixed in this version:

Bug 306683 - gzip protocol not supported by krusader


This package seems to be new to the current development release, Natty:

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libapache2-mod-qos

To install it on 10.10, you can just download that .dsc file and build the package:

dget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/libapache2-mod-qos_9.25-1.dsc

Then extract it

dpkg-source -x libapache2-mod-qos_9.25-1.dsc

Then build it

cd libapache2-mod-qos-9.25
debuild
sudo debi

If this works, consider submitting it as a backport to 10.10:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuBackports#How to request new packages


how can i use sed to remove a ] special character

I'm not sure why you would expect that to work, however if you want to match (and remove) the longest string ending in ] and its trailing space, you can use sed 's/.*] //'

Ex.

echo 'Aug 09 19:46:15 inspire NetworkManager[747]: <info>  [1533861975.9201] dhcp4 (wlp3s0b1): state changed unknown' |
  sed 's/.*] //'
dhcp4 (wlp3s0b1): state changed unknown

FYI, ^}$ would match } on a line by its own (i.e. anchored to both the start of the line ^ and to the end of the line $)


How to downgrade subversion 1.8 to 1.6 in ubuntu 14.04?

Advantages of this answer

No changes in a list file
Preventing upgrades
Simple reversible

You have to download three deb files.

cd ~/Downloads
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/s/subversion/libsvn1_1.6.17dfsg-3ubuntu3.5_amd64.deb
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/s/subversion/subversion_1.6.17dfsg-3ubuntu3.5_amd64.deb
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/d/db4.8/libdb4.8_4.8.30-11ubuntu1_amd64.deb

Install via

sudo dpkg -i libdb4.8_4.8.30-11ubuntu1_amd64.deb\
 subversion_1.6.17dfsg-3ubuntu3.5_amd64.deb\
 libsvn1_1.6.17dfsg-3ubuntu3.5_amd64.deb

and prevent the upgrade

sudo apt-mark hold libdb4.8
sudo apt-mark hold subversion
sudo apt-mark hold libsvn1

If you want to do that later reversed.

sudo apt-mark unhold libdb4.8
sudo apt-mark unhold subversion
sudo apt-mark unhold libsvn1
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


(nautilus:13581): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display:

I can easily duplicate your results by opening a terminal via CTRLAltF1 rather than CTRLAltT from within an Xwindows session. nautilus is a graphical application which must run under Xwindows. if you need a file manager to run in a terminal and aren't running Xwindows you might try using mc aka Midnight Commander.

If any part of this answer is unclear, drop me a comment and I'll add clarity as necessary.


The easiest method:

$ which nano
/bin/nano


Desktop section of gnome-tweak-tool missing lock screen wallpaper options

Thanks to @pomsky, looks like it is now in the Appearance section.


connecting to vncserver if started with service

Thanks to steeldriver's pointers, my problem was that my settings in putty on my pc were wrong.  I was using my remote server address rather than using "localhost".  To address my need for two displays, I set up two different tunnels in putty under the same connection:

localhost:5901

localhost:5902

I then modified my /etc/init.d/vncserver to start two instances of vncserver on two different displays.

#!/bin/bash
PATH="$PATH:/usr/bin/"
export USER="mo"
DISPLAY="1"
DISPLAY2="2"
DEPTH="16"
#GEOMETRY="1024x768"
#GEOMETRY="1600x1200"
GEOMETRY="1366x768"
OPTIONS="-depth ${DEPTH} -geometry ${GEOMETRY} :${DISPLAY} -localhost"
OPTIONS2="-depth ${DEPTH} -geometry ${GEOMETRY} :${DISPLAY2} -localhost"

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

case "$1" in
start)
log_action_begin_msg "Starting vncserver for user '${USER}' on localhost:${DISP$
su ${USER} -c "/usr/bin/vncserver ${OPTIONS}"

log_action_begin_msg "Starting vncserver for user '${USER}' on localhost:${DISP$
su ${USER} -c "/usr/bin/vncserver ${OPTIONS2}"

;;

stop)
log_action_begin_msg "Stopping vncserver for user '${USER}' on localhost:${DISP$
su ${USER} -c "/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :${DISPLAY}"

log_action_begin_msg "Stopping vncserver for user '${USER}' on localhost:${DISP$
su ${USER} -c "/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :${DISPLAY2}"

;;

restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
esac

I was then able to use vncviewer on my windows pc to connect to display 1 and display two, hence somewhat mimicking a dual screen setup.  It works for me.  If anyone has any warnings or insight on why this shouldn't be done I would be happy to get the feedback.


Problem with Installing intel-linux-graphics-installer in 13.10 : Dependency problems

The package intel-linux-graphics-installer doesn't have a saucy (13.10) version.
you will have to wait until a new version is out.

Reference :
Intel(R) Graphics Installer 1.0.2 for Linux

Support ubuntu 13.10 | Linux Graphics


Use of Yubikey Neo for login 2FA and lock screen

First, we need to configure the Yubikey for challenge response. A good manual for Linux is given by Yubico under
https://developers.yubico.com/yubico-pam/Authentication_Using_Challenge-Response.html

Now you should be able to use your yubikey for authentification at login. One convenient piece is missing: The automatic lock of the screen when die Yubikey is removed.

I adapted slightly the HowTo from the Yubico forums (http://forum.yubico.com/viewtopic.php?f=23&t=1143) to match with LightDM in 14.04 and the Yubikey Neo.

First of all, create a new file with the commands to lock the screen when the Yubikey is not present:

sudo nano /usr/local/bin/yubikey

Write the following into the file:

#!/bin/bash
# Double checking if the Yubikey is actually removed, Challenge-Response won't trigger the screensaver this way.

if [ -z "$(lsusb | grep Yubico)" ]; then
        logger "YubiKey Removed or Changed"
        # Running the LightDM lock command
        export XDG_SEAT_PATH="/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Seat0"
        /usr/bin/dm-tool lock
fi

The biggest differences to the original file is the use of the dm-tool (for locking the screen with lightdm) and the search term Yubico, since the Yubikey Neo is registered with „Yubico.com“ in lsusb.

Close and save the file. In addition, we have to make the file executable:

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/yubikey

Next, we have to find the properties of the Yubikey for a proper assignment.

For this the USB descriptor must be activated. Details can be found on the Yubico forum.

In a new terminal type in the command

udevadm monitor --environment --udev

Now you (un-)plug your yubikey and get a list of Ids. Looking for

ID_VENDOR_ID
ID_MODEL_ID
ID_SERIAL_SHORT

They will be used in the udev file for recognition of the Yubikey.

Hint: The vendor ID changes if you reconfigure the stick (e.g. with CCID)

Furthermore, create a file with

sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/85-yubikey.rules

and type the following

# Yubikey Udev Rule: running a bash script in case your Yubikey is removed
ACTION=="remove", ENV{ID_VENDOR_ID}=="1050", ENV{ID_MODEL_ID}=="0010", ENV{ID_SERIAL_SHORT}=="0001711399", RUN+="/usr/local/bin/yubikey"

Change the ID according to your key. Note: You can add more yubikey by simple copy paste the line with other Ids!

Close and save the file. Finally, the udev service has to reload the rules:

sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
sudo service udev reload


What advantages does Ubuntu have over Windows as an environment for programming?

This sort of hypothetical might do better on Programmers.SE because it's likely to be pretty one-sided here. That said, I was a .NET developer for a few years and came to depend on Visual Studio. It does a lot for you and yes, I particularly like the integrated debugger...  However, I think there are a few reasons people choose Linux:

Ubuntu is free. Windows and VS can be extremely expensive.
Ubuntu is free. Windows and VS give you very little control over how you use them.
Ubuntu is a programming environment straight out of the box. Tools like Bash, grep, sed, awk. Windows is historically a big pain in the bottom to script from. Batch files are awful and even with PowerShell, the command-line experience in Windows pales into insignificance when compared to Bash and the GNU tools. You can port some of that over to Windows but it's not the same experience.
Complicated setups are easy to automate and replicate through apt-get, tools like Puppet, Chef, Juju, Fabric and simple scripting.
Some things don't need complicated IDEs. I'm a Python developer these days and I'm perfectly happy with its own built-in tools and debugger. I use a text editor, the command line and fabric... And I'm way more in control than I was under .NET. I can build, test, commit and deploy my webapps with a single Fabric command.

That's not to say there aren't monolithic IDEs. Eclipse and Netbeans. MonoDevelop. KDevelop4 and QT Creator. They all have their users who swear by them.

Is Ubuntu better for you? Who knows. It's a very capable and very customisable system. If you give it a chance and alter your workflow to allow it to help you, you should be able to make it stick.


Mm. The same bug hit me and my own suggestion did not work. I already had the latest version.

Try this:

Start Nautilus as root in terminal:

sudo -H nautilus

Find and copy the file /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp to /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp.backup:

sudo cp /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp.backup

Open the file /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp with gedit or nano:

sudo -H gedit /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp

Find and uncomment the following lines:

xend-unix-server no, and change it to xend-unix-server yes
xend-unix-path /var/lib/xend/xend-socket, and change it to xend-unix-path /var/lib/xend/xend-socket

Save the edited file and exit gedit or nano.
Restart libvirt-bin, xen and xendomains services:

sudo service libvirt-bin restart
sudo service xen restart
sudo service xendomains restart

I did the same and virt-manager connected.

The above instructions are largely based on a review by Gizmo Chicken on virt-manager on Ubuntu's Software Centre.

This issue shows up here:
http://lists.xen.org/archives/html/xen-devel/2012-12/msg01867.html

And is maybe related to the issue here:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/virt-manager/+bug/915954


How to route all internet traffic through Tor (the onion router)?

You are looking for this: TransparentProxy.

  Local Redirection Through Tor

Add to your torrc:

VirtualAddrNetwork 10.192.0.0/10
AutomapHostsOnResolve 1
TransPort 9040
DNSPort 53

This way you setup DNS server on your Ubuntu on port 53 and Transparent proxy: 127.0.0.1:9040.

Next, add to your /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 127.0.0.1

This way, you prevent any DNS leakage from your system.

Therefore, configure your firewall in the light that any connection will going through TransPort except Tor's user:

#!/bin/sh

# destinations you don't want routed through Tor
NON_TOR="192.168.1.0/24 192.168.0.0/24"

# the UID Tor runs as
TOR_UID="109"

# Tor's TransPort
TRANS_PORT="9040"

iptables -F
iptables -t nat -F

iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner $TOR_UID -j RETURN
iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 53
for NET in $NON_TOR 127.0.0.0/9 127.128.0.0/10; do
 iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -d $NET -j RETURN
done
iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -p tcp --syn -j REDIRECT --to-ports $TRANS_PORT

iptables -A OUTPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
for NET in $NON_TOR 127.0.0.0/8; do
 iptables -A OUTPUT -d $NET -j ACCEPT
done
iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner $TOR_UID -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -j REJECT

Keep reading official wiki, there is kind of attack against this method and kind of solution: IsolatingProxy.


Openstack: Why the interfaces in router section are down? and how do I bring it up?

I've resolved that followed this
suggest


Bash script creates terminal that persists for further work

Something like:
gnome-terminal --working-directory=$HOME/Documents -- sh -c "df ; pwd ; bash"

may do what you want. For me, the option --working-directory works as expected, but if it does not for you, you can include a cd command after sh -c.


I had a similar problem updating from 16.04 to 18.04.

The solution in my particular case was to deactivate Wayland modifying /etc/gdm3/custom.conf uncommenting or enabling WaylandEnable=false so the GNOME display manager will always load the GNOME desktop environment from gnome-desktop and not Wayland. This is because Wayland usually has errors with some graphics drivers.

This can be done easily from an Ubuntu live USB or if possible start in Recovery mode from the grub menu.


Run this command to install compiz in ubuntu 13.10,

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugins-extra -y

Logout and login back.


Dual Boot | Windows installed on plextor ssd | linux (failed) on samsung ssd

I have noticed that the file that adds the efi-firmware option to the grub menu errors on some computers. grub installs but the initial grub-update to create the config file is what fails.
the file /etc/grubd/30_efi-firmware needs to be edited to remove the if/then statement. then update grub.
I've edited mine to read:

gettext_printf "Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration\n" >&2
cat << EOF
menuentry 'uefi-firmware' {
fwsetup
}
EOF

if your installer has a command prompt at the bottom. you can make this change and reinstall grub (nano is the text editor. you may have to comment out the gettext_printf line also ).
if not then, continue with out installing grub, and make the change from a LiveCD. and update grub.


Resize ext4 /home partition from start sector

There is always a small risk something could go wrong when you resize a partition so you should back up your data first.

Otherwise you will need to boot a live CD and resize your partitions in steps.


Keyboard shortcuts aren't working in GNOME Shell

This is an Ubuntu-specific bug. A workaround is to run this command from the terminal to get your keyboard shortcuts working again:

mv ~/.gconf/apps/metacity/global_keybindings ~/.gconf/apps/metacity/global_keybindings-old


Trouble selecting/creating Partition 14.04.3 LTS

Boot from Ubuntu install media.
Select Try Ubuntu without installing.
Open GParted (Partitioning tool).
Check if you find sufficient unallocated space.
If yes - create a new partition and format it with ext4 (size that fits your needs).
Then create another one and format it with swap (size minimun matching RAM).
If not - reduce the Windows partition.
Create a partition for Ubuntu (size that fits your needs).
Create a swap partition (size minimum matching RAM).
On the desktop click Install Ubuntu.
Choose Something else.
Select the partition you created for Ubuntu before.

Hint : Before that disable hibernation and Fast Boot in Windows - then shutdown (NOT reboot).


Installation freeze at GRUB2 on Acer TravelMate Spin B1 B118-RN-P7XQ

If just installing the grub package proves to be the issue and you can remove the drive to put it in another computer, then do just that and install Ubuntu there. Make yourself familiar with working around missing UEFI NVRAM entries, there are several ways to approach this, and you should have a bootable system when you mount the drive again. If the storage is just one (or more) soldered chips to the mainboard then you would need another drive to install on another computer, boot up a live disk on the target computer configure the partition table, copy all the contents of root and the EFI system partition with sudo rsync -av and configure /etc/fstab for the correct UUIDs. Some people would prefer some disk dump/clone but I prefer this one. With UEFI you wouldn't even need to call grub for modifications to the MBR if the proves to be the part where it crashes.

That would solve your problem by thinking outside the box. ;) Investigating the problem further would be a good idea. Endless OS is based on Debian if I recall correctly, it's not strange, it's actually very nice and has some advantages (no bad or stuck updates, steam via flatpak). It's worth a second look, don't write it off just because it's made for non-tech savvy people.


XAMPP is a package of several programs like a webserver (Apache), a database server (MySQL) and others. With many of these programs, you can only run one instance at the same time. So if you for example have a webserver running, you cannot start another webserver until you stopped the first one. The same goes for the MySQL server, the FTP server and others. (Technically, you can start several webservers etc. if each of them uses a different port, but I assume you'd want to stick with the standard ports for the beginning).

The error messages you provided indicate that when you try to start XAMPP, there already is a webserver, a MySQL server and a FTP server running. So XAMPP can't start an additional webserver, MySQL server or FTP server. So you need to figure out if those servers are actually there, where they came from and if you want to use them or the XAMPP versions.

The first test is to point a webbrowser (Firefox, Chrome, Opera, ...) to your local computer without trying to start XAMPP and to check if anything answers. So point your webbrowser to http://localhost. If a website appears, maybe the default "It works!" page from Apache, there is already a webserver running and XAMPP can't start an additional one. You can do similar tests with MySQL, the FTP server and the other components of XAMPP.

If there is actually a webserver running before you try to start XAMPP, you need to find out where it came from. I see two possibilites: XAMPP is already running, maybe it's tarted automatically at boot time, or the "standard" packages of Apache, MySQL etc. are installed and running. There are several ways to check that, one is to temporarely change a detail in the HTML files that one webserver is supposed to deliver. If you for example add a word, say "TEST", to the HTML that XAMPPs Apache is supposed to deliver, you can see whether that change appears in the browser or not. You can go on from there.


How to upgrade Kernel Version 3.10 from Ubuntu 13.04

To Install / Upgrade Kernel 3.10.10, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

For 32bit

wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.10.10-saucy/linux-headers-3.10.10-031010-generic_3.10.10-031010.201308291422_i386.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.10.10-saucy/linux-headers-3.10.10-031010_3.10.10-031010.201308291422_all.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.10.10-saucy/linux-image-3.10.10-031010-generic_3.10.10-031010.201308291422_i386.deb

For 64bit

wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.10.10-saucy/linux-headers-3.10.10-031010-generic_3.10.10-031010.201308291422_amd64.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.10.10-saucy/linux-headers-3.10.10-031010_3.10.10-031010.201308291422_all.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.10.10-saucy/linux-image-3.10.10-031010-generic_3.10.10-031010.201308291422_amd64.deb

Once done then run the following command:

sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.10.10-*.deb linux-image-3.10.10*.deb

Source:Ubuntu Handbook


What wireless adapter are you using?

Check by running the following command

lspci

And check for the Wireless Adapter.

In case, you are using RTL8732BE as your Wireless Network Adapter, then try the following command

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf <<< "options rtl8723be ant_sel=1"

And restart the system.

If that didn't work, try the following command

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf <<< "options rtl8723be ant_sel=2"

Restart again.

I hope this solves your problem.


First, undo the keyboard layout method if you still have it, if you don't you will have two keyboard icons on the top panel and that will confuse you. Return to keyboard layout and remove Hindi and any other layouts you have added except the default English. This will remove the keyboard icon from the top panel.

Second, Using Ubuntu Software Center install ibus-m17n. The m17n module will give you more Indian keyboard layout choices.

See How do I enable writing in Indian languages? for more details.


Kernel Panic While Installing on older hardware

I needed to update the BIOS.  Problem solved!


Problem connecting multiple monitors on 12.04; Problema al conectar monitores Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

Run gksudo amdcccle.

Display Manager> Choose multi-display dekstop with display(s) from the combobox and restart the computer it will fix. You still can't use the real monitor settings.


Automate counting the number of occurrences

Python

count_patterns.py script. Should be fairly good for large files. Uses OrderedDict to record all patterns from file A provided on command line and searches for them in file B.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys
from collections import OrderedDict

with open(sys.argv[1]) as pattern_file, open(sys.argv[2]) as data_file:
    patterns = OrderedDict.fromkeys(map(str.strip, pattern_file), 0)

    for line in data_file:
        for p in patterns:
            patterns[p] += line.count(p)

for kv in patterns.items():
    print(*kv)

Usage:

$ ./count_patterns.py file_A.txt file_B.txt
ABCD 4
EFG 3
HIJKL 0
MNO 1
PQRSTU 0

Bash approach.

This uses process substitution from sed which lets us split file A into newlines at **, and use grep -c to count number of matched lines.

$ cat file_B.txt
ABCD**FORNTUFPSRWSABCFYWSZCFTHBFORTYBJNF**ABCD**D**EFG**ACVRT**EFG**PQRMNOOPQ**EFG**ZXXXYY
ABCD**FORNTUFPSRWSABCFYWSZCFTHBFORTYBJNF**ABCD

$ cat file_A.txt
ABCD
EFG
HIJKL
MNO
PQRSTU

$ while IFS= read -r pattern;  do  printf "%s\t" "$pattern";   grep -c "$pattern" < <( sed 's/\*\*/\n/g' file_B.txt ); done  < file_A.txt
ABCD    4
EFG 3
HIJKL   0
MNO 1
PQRSTU  0

Not the best way to do it, probably not suitable for large files, but works. Wouldn't recommend using the bash method, but if data set isn't large, it will work.


13.04 stopped playing streams in Rhythbox and totem

it seems to be a gvfs bug Bug #1153934.

When clicking a radio stream in rhythmbox, nothing seems to happen, except the stream is being downloaded in the background. When killing the process 'gvfsd-http' while the stream secretly downloads, rhythmbox starts to play.


How to download youtube videos as a best quality audio mp3 using youtube-dl

From man youtube-dl:

-x, --extract-audio                  Convert video files to audio-only files (requires ffmpeg or avconv and ffprobe or avprobe)
    --audio-format FORMAT            Specify audio format: "best", "aac", "vorbis", "mp3", "m4a", "opus", or "wav"; "best" by default
    --audio-quality QUALITY          Specify ffmpeg/avconv audio quality, insert a value between 0 (better) and 9 (worse) for VBR or a specific bitrate like 128K (default

So your command could be:

youtube-dl -f bestaudio --extract-audio --audio-format mp3 --audio-quality 0 <Video-URL>

The --audio-quality 0 uses the highest encoding quality but can increase your file size unnecessarily. The default is 5 and might be a better choice depending on the source quality.

So, if quality and file size matter to you, you should avoid re-encoding and stay with Youtube's native music formats:

youtube-dl -f bestaudio[ext=m4a] --embed-thumbnail --add-metadata <Video-URL>

resulting in an m4a file or

youtube-dl -f bestaudio --extract-audio --embed-thumbnail --add-metadata <Video-URL>

probably resulting in an ogg file.

You can list the available format with

youtube-dl -F <Video-URL>


I would try changing the xfce theme. So, try this link out for specific instructions on changing your theme: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1939848. I know that when, I ran xbuntu some themes did not play well with the java runtime environment.


You have to install HPLIP from Synaptic or Ubuntu Software Center and after doing so you have to enter System Tools --> Printers, there you have to enable your printer and set it as default.


In fact, a whole VM just for Skype would be a good sandbox.

The greatest sandbox that you could get is to use another computer.

If you don't want to use any of the methods mentioned, you still have another choice but I wouldn't call it "sandboxed" even when it is a good security step.

If you're running over an admin account, you may consider running it over a less privileged user different than yours. For instance if you create the user foo, you can start Skype by doing:

sudo -u foo -H skype

By default the user foo doesn't have access to the X display. To add it run:

xhost +SI:localuser:foo

You can learn about this and more on this excellent article by Mike Cardwell.

However, everything comes down to your panic level.


So I found the answer was go go into terminal and type

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub

Then in the file I added iommu=soft between the "" in the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX= line and restarted my computer.


Change ~/Desktop to /home/YOURUSERNAME,

Before:
Exec=/usr/bin/java -jar ~/Desktop/Minecraft.jar

After: Exec=/usr/bin/java -jar /home/YOURUSERNAME/Desktop/Minecraft.jar


I had the same problem. I solved it by adding a new user, then "Log Out" and connect again. It shows then the gear icon and you can change the environment.


How do i get wireless working on my very new macbook pro 9.2 using Ubuntu 12.10?

According to http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/b43 the b43 driver is supported, so just add the firmware it needs (good to run the update too):

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Of course, you should uninstall any other drivers you added in any earlier attempts.
I'd suggest using "purge" to ensure getting rid of any configuration files which may be suppressing the b43 driver, e.g.
  sudo apt-get purge AnyPackagesYouAdded.


Will running Ubuntu from a USB flash drive touch my hard drive?

The thing is right that It will not affect your hard drive partitions but you will get option for ubuntu in your Windows Boot loader. you will get entry for ubuntu on windows bootloader. When you will select it you must have attached your ubuntu installled USB drive, Otherwise It will show error.


How to prevent Wine from adding file associations?

Disabling winemenubuilder.exe altogether will prevent wine from hijacking your file associations, but it will also prevent it from creating menu entries for newly installed software, which may be an undesired behavior. The better solution is this:

Remove existing wine hijacks (from wine FAQ):

rm -f ~/.local/share/mime/packages/x-wine*
rm -f ~/.local/share/applications/wine-extension*
rm -f ~/.local/share/icons/hicolor/*/*/application-x-wine-extension*
rm -f ~/.local/share/mime/application/x-wine-extension*

Edit /usr/share/wine/wine.inf (as root), find the [Services] section:

[Services]
HKLM,%CurrentVersion%\RunServices,"winemenubuilder",2,"%11%\winemenubuilder.exe -a -r"
...

and edit it so it says:

[Services]
HKLM,%CurrentVersion%\RunServices,"winemenubuilder",2,"%11%\winemenubuilder.exe -r"
...

(namely, to start winemenubuilder.exe without the -a switch).
This will prevent updating file associations on new user accounts (or with new WINEPREFIXes).
Edit your $WINEPREFIX/system.reg file (if it exists) in similar fashion. Where it says

[Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServices]
"winemenubuilder"="C:\\windows\\system32\\winemenubuilder.exe -a -r"

remove the -a switch. (By default, WINEPREFIX=$HOME/.wine.)

This will prevent wine from stealing your preferred mimeapps, but the winemenubuilder will still run and create convenient desktop entries for your Windoze software.


Is there a way to download something over network when it's downloaded by another PC in the network?

From my understanding to your question, it is possible to prevent or notify users from re-downloading same apps that have been already downloaded by other users from the same local network. There are many ways to be notified about those apps. Hereby, I can only suggest a general solution because you didn't mention or provide more details about your requirement; for example you forget to mention what OS's are running on those computers!, what things you can do and you cannot do!...etc. Thus, I'm going to suppose that you have 4 computers whose OS's are Ubuntu (maybe same assumption goes for Windows). For example I'm running Ubuntu and my room-mate has Windows 7, we have the same local network. We had the same problem as yours but we were downloading same movies twice not apps. So my room-mate asked me whether I could fix this problem and I did.
 Suggestion 1:
As you might know, I had to install OpenSSH server on my Ubuntu and SSH-client in my room-mate's Windows 7, by doing that He could access ONLY the folder of movies that I gave a 777 permission JUST to check my Movies' list I had and to copy un-downloaded movies. If he found a movie he wanted to download, he would just copy the movie in his Windows 7 if he didn't find it on my movies' folder, he would have to download it (I would do the same, I would check his movies' folder...) , so he would not have to re-download them. In your case, I assume you know about OpenSSH Project. If you do, then you will easily fix your problem.
About notification :
I made a shell script including "notifylib" and a counter. The script works in this way; if any movie has been added to the list then notify me. (I could do as much conditions as I wanted in the script) that's it.

Suggestion 2:
Share a folder between you guys and name it "downloaded-apps." In this way, you and your friends will be able to check the folder for downloaded apps everytime before go downloading an application, if you want a notification in each computer then you can do it, however, you need to make a script by yourself and keep it running in each computer. All users will be notified whenever a new app has been downloaded. I hope my explanation will help you anyhow. Those are only my suggestions and my personal way of "How-To-Solve" your problem, maybe your problem is bigger than that, maybe it is not what you wanted to do. Overall, I think you wanted to limit the monthly bandwidth.  Regards.


How do I prevent KDE from messing up my Qt dialog button order?

It turns out that:

Qt button ordering is left up to the widget themes.
The "GTK+ Style" widget theme follows whatever is defined in GTK+ config files.
GTK+ button order is controlled by the gtk-alternative-button-order config key.
Some KDE setups install a gtkrc file which sets gtk-alternative-button-order = 1.

Therefore, to get GNOME/OSX-style "OK on the right" ordering, the solution is:

Make sure KDE is set to use either "GTK+ Style" or a style which intentionally mimics GTK+'s default configuration options.
If the GTK2_RC_FILES environment variable is set, make sure ~/.gtkrc-2.0 (or something else you can edit) comes last. (Later files override earlier ones)

In KDE, you can set environment variables by putting shell scripts with .sh extensions in ~/.kde/env/ and making them executable.
In LXDE, you can set environment variables using export in ~/.xsessionrc

Add gtk-alternative-button-order = 0 to your ~/.gtkrc-2.0

Not all applications obey button ordering instructions, but the ones that don't are usually GTK+ applications which hard-code "OK on the right"... so you probably won't notice.


Ubuntu is compatible with UEFI and systems that originally shipped with Windows 8. Be sure to download the 64-bit copy of Ubuntu to ensure compatibility. You shouldn't need to take any additional steps to install on a UEFI machine.

While not strictly necessary, you may want to disable Secure Boot in your computer's BIOS settings, if possible. Ubuntu can be installed on a system with Secure Boot enabled, but an installation without it will be easier to manage.


Check in your hosts file(/etc/hosts), for the entry of 127.0.1.1
Set your new hostname there as well.
So probably for you:

127.0.1.1                             Tehuti


Wifi not working in Ubuntu 17.10 version on Lenovo ThinkPad E450

Issue resolved after doing following steps

sudo dpkg-reconfigure resolvconf
Say yes to prepare /etc/resolve.conf for dynamic updates?
Reboot


Ok, so I figured it out.

Without talking about Arch (because of its numerous options), it was fairly simple.

I first installed Ubuntu and in Ubuquity (its installer) I pre-partitioned my hard drive for the other distros. I then installed each distro and finally, at the complete end, re-installed Ubuntu. I chose my hard drive as the device for the Bootloader's installation (/dev/sdx), and installed as normal.

Now, when I boot my computer, it goes this way: Ubu's bootloader --> choose the distro. If it's Ubu, then boot into Ubu. If it's something else, then boot into that 'something else'.

Hope it helps !

Note: I answered my own question for further information if people run into my post and seek help :)


Ubuntu One uploads unchanged data frequently

As far as I could figure this one out, U1 uploads the smallest files first to shrink the queue of pending files as fast as possible. You can monitor this using a terminal and type:

while true; do u1sdtool --waiting|wc -l; sleep 20;done

That will give you a neat integer with number of files left.

The "ubuntu notification" you get in the top right corner, which says that the same file is being uploaded is just presenting the first file on the list - and since your list might contain several large files - then that largest file may be the same number one on the list for quite some time.

If the number of files does not reduce itself then i'd recommend make an assessment: If your files are very large then compute the expected time (filesize/bandwidth), and if you think that this has passed hours ago, then restart the sync service using:

u1sdtool --disconnect; u1sdtool --connect

Then rerun the code (top) to monitor whether the number of files are reducing.


Korean input (ibus-hangul) setup in Gnome 17.04

Try using the fcitx input method instead. It became the default in Xenial. Works like a charm in 16.04 for Korean.


Gparted will not let my edit and do changes to my partitions

All the options are grayed out because the partition you're trying to resize is mounted and is a root partition. Any partition has to be unmounted before resize/move/delete and there's no way to unmount root partition while running Ubuntu. Whereas you can mount other partitions by simply right click and select unmount. So boot from a Live CD/USB and then you can resize the root partition but make sure to backup you data before doing so.


Deja Dup`s "Back Up Now" button is not highlighted

Shorter version

Ctrl+Alt+t to open a terminal

pkill deja-dup

Re-run the "Backups" program and try again.


Ubuntu roll back to previous kernel: linux-image-3.11.0-11

All kernels are kept unless you explicitly uninstall them.

To choose which kernel you want to use, at boot, hold down Shift to see the Grub menu, scroll down with the arrow keys to "Advanced options for Ubuntu", and you will see a menu where you can select a kernel. You want one of the ones that doesn't say "(Recovery mode)".


Doesn't thunar automount drives? Basically "mount" command lists the mounted drives. Here is some information regarding removable media and thunar. You can look into troubleshooting section for using thunar-volman.


How to delete and merge old version of Ubuntu with latest 14.04?

Make a full system backup!  Read this Q&A for more information: you're user type 4.
Make a full data backup as well.
Follow the official Ubuntu Installation instructions until you're at step 4.
Choose something else
Delete the 13.10 partition
Create a new partition
Continue the official Ubuntu Installation instructions at step 5


You can try a utility called Arandr. I didn't test, of course, the Oculus Rift with this tool. But the program helped in cases when Ubuntu didn't allow achieving desired configuration by inbuilt stuff

sudo apt-get install arandr


Opening program from nautilus through custom script

I think wmctrl is looking for a title bar text and not the name of the program it self, so if you are opening "myvideo.mkv" in totem the title bar will read "myvideo.mkv" not "totem" so you have to change the "totem" search parameter to the name of the video.

Have a look at how the title bar changes and you should be able to control ti with 'wmctrl'


stuck with 640x480 resolution using bumblebee on 10.04

In fact the problem is not with NVIDIA or bumblebee, but the fact that Intel HD 3000 is not supported under 10.04.

There is, however, a solution using backports here: How do I install the Intel HD 3000 video driver?

This worked fine for me, and didn't break the bumblebee/NVIDIA setup.


Why does it take a long time to copy files to thumb drives?

The difference in speed is normally caused by buffering from your OS, i.e. your OS reads all the files, as fast as it can, from disk into memory. From memory it will then proceed to write them to the thumb drive. As your harddisk is normally faster then your thumbdrive your OS will buffer the files it has not yet written internally. For your file browser it will look like the files have already been copied, but in reality they haven't yet left your computer, they are still in the buffer waiting. When the internal buffer is full or you unmount the drive, the OS will write all the buffered data to the drive, thus the last files written or the unmount process can take quite a while longer then the initial files.

One can change that behavior by specifying the sync flag when mounting the drive, this will stop the OS from not using any internal caching for the drive, but that will lead to more equally distributed copying speed, but it will also lead to overall slower speed, thus I wouldn't recommend it.


You will need to use something like suPHP to achieve this. In addition to running each VirtualHost's php execution as a different user - it allows you to have multiple php.ini files for VirtualHosts and Directories (Based on .htaccess suPHP_Config flag)

You can install suPHP via aptitude: sudo apt-get install suphp-common libapache2-mod-suphp One of the main differences is you can now setup php to be executed as a user - rather than having all php scripts executable by the www-data user - this alone provides a lot of convenience and security when hosting multiple users on one server as it cuts down the needs for 777 and 666 permissions (In fact you should never need to use 777 or 666 ever again - 755/644 should always be sufficient)

An example virtual host:

<VirtualHost *:80>
   ...
   DocumentRoot /home/marco/www/
   suPHP_UserGroup marco marco
   suPHP_Config /home/marco/etc/php.ini
   ...
</VirtualHost>

You can also set the suPHP_Config directive in .htaccess files - provided you have AllowOverride setup properly.


ip_queue is obsolete and was removed from kernel 3.5.

From http://www.spinics.net/lists/netfilter-devel/msg21641.html:

  The nfnetlink_queue modules provides more advanced user-space packet
  queueing mechanism.

You should migrate to nfnetlink_queue (provided by package libnfnetlink0).


/etc/manpath.config missing when I reinstall manpage

$ dpkg -S /etc/manpath.config
man-db: /etc/manpath.config

The /etc/manpath.config file is part of the man-db package.


Please, do not install NVIDIA and ATI drivers at the same time, it causes several headaches. Run:

sudo apt-get purge fglrx* nvidia* && sudo apt-get -f install
sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf ## This is expected to fail in some cases.
sudo apt-get --reinstall install xserver-xorg-core-lts-quantal

To repair your installation. Then install build-essentials instead of just g++, it will install gcc, g++, make, etc.

sudo apt-get install build-essetials

About your sources.list

Your sources.list file has erroneous entries, instead ht.tp:// it should be http://, please edit and run sudo apt-get update.


Unable to toggle between input methods using Fcitx

I use fcitx for chinese input method on Ubuntu 18.04, and I once had problem toggling the chinese input method too (with Super+Space). As I could not replicate the condition easily, here I recall how I made it work. (Notice: I feel that fcitx or input method on Ubuntu is a little buggy, sometimes this might not work)

Update input method

open Input Method from Show Applications
select OK and then Yes to manually choose an input method
select fcitx, and finish the rest choice.
Probably log out X session and then log in.

Disable shortcut in system settings (launch from Applications)

disable (Switch to next input source) Super+Space in Setttings -> Device -> Keyboard -> Typing

Set up fcitx shortcut

launch Fcitx Configue Tool
set Global Config -> Trigger Input Method

PS. I don't know when there is need to reboot or relogin, so be more pacient and give it shot.


You Must have disable the combo key somehow.
 I Assume you need the shortcut for opening terminal.
To Re-enable Ctr+Alt+T shortcut follow the following steps:
Step 1:

Goto settings and under Keyboard find the shortcut tab.
Step 2:

Under Launchers sections locate terminal, if not exist goto custom sections.
Click on the + sign a small window will pop up.

Step 3:

Fill in the boxes.

In the name column write terminal or anything that helps you remember.
Under Command column write gnome-terminal
 Next click on Set Shortcut... and press Ctr + Alt + T.
If you click other keys mistakenly press esc to restart the key capturing method.
 That will do it. Now test your settings.


Downgrade to Nautilus 3.4 from Ubuntu 13.10 / Nautilus 3.8

I'm going to risk answering this question since I now feel I have collected enough information on this issue. Basically downgrading to Nautilus 3.4 seems not to be an option at this time; it was coded for an earlier version of GTK, thus it wont compile on Ubuntu 13.10. The only practical way is installing a different file browser.

As it happens, Nemo is actually a fork of Nautilus 3.4 that has kept all the features of the latter (adding a few more). I've been using it since yesterday and the interface is almost the same, a seamless transition for the user. Thus installing Nemo is not very far from downgrading to Nautilus 3.4. I haven't done it yet, but it is possible to set Nemo as the default file browser.

All features I used in Nautilus 3.4 seem to function properly in Nemo (e.g. Connect to Server). The only exception at this stage is the integration with RabbitVCS, there's a package available but non functional at the moment. Since RabbitVCS doesn't work on Nautilus 3.8 either, it is not a regression.

Update II: There's no need to install Cinnamon, just install the Nemo package:

sudo apt-get install nemo

Update I: Nemo's appearance can be tweaked into something closer to the default Unity style. Open its css file:

sudo gedit /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/apps/nemo.css

And then replace all contents with the following:

.nemo-pathbar-button,
NemoPathbarButton {
background-image: -gtk-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom,
color-stop (0, shade(@dark_bg_color, 1.1)),
color-stop (.3, shade(@dark_bg_color, 1.1)),
color-stop (.7, shade(@dark_bg_color, 0.90)),
color-stop (1, shade(@dark_bg_color, 0.80)));
border-color: shade(@dark_bg_color, 0.7);
-NemoPathbarButton-border-radius: 3px;
}

NemoPathbarButton:active {
background-image: -gtk-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom,
color-stop (0, shade(@dark_bg_color, .8)),
color-stop (.3, shade(@dark_bg_color, .9)),
color-stop (1, shade(@dark_bg_color, 1.0)));
border-color: shade(@dark_bg_color, 0.7);
}

NemoPathbarButton:hover {
background-image: -gtk-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom,
color-stop (0, shade(alpha(@dark_bg_color, 1.4), 1.25)),
color-stop (.3, shade(alpha(@dark_bg_color, 1.4), 1.25)),
color-stop (.7, shade(alpha(@dark_bg_color, 1.4), 0.95)),
color-stop (1, shade(alpha(@dark_bg_color, 1.4), 0.85)));
border-color: shade(@dark_bg_color, 0.7);
}

NemoWindow * {
    -GtkPaned-handle-size: 1;
}

NemoDesktopWindow GtkWidget {
    background-color: @transparent;
}

.nemo-canvas-item {
    border-radius: 4px;
}

/* desktop mode */
.nemo-desktop.nemo-canvas-item {
    color: @bg_color;
    text-shadow: 1px 1px alpha (#000000, 0.8);
}

.nemo-desktop.nemo-canvas-item:active {
    background-image: none;
    background-color: alpha (@bg_color, 0.84);

    color: @fg_color;
}

.nemo-desktop.nemo-canvas-item:selected {
    background-image: none;
    background-color: alpha (@selected_bg_color, 0.84);

    color: @selected_fg_color;
}

.nemo-desktop.nemo-canvas-item:active,
.nemo-desktop.nemo-canvas-item:prelight,
.nemo-desktop.nemo-canvas-item:selected {
    text-shadow: none;
}

/* browser window */
NemoTrashBar.info,
NemoXContentBar.info,
NemoSearchBar.info,
NemoQueryEditor.info {
    background-image: -gtk-gradient (linear, left top, left bottom,
                                     from (shade (@cluebar_color, 1.02)),
                                     to (shade (@cluebar_color, 0.98)));
    background-color: @cluebar_color;
    border-bottom-color: shade (@cluebar_color, 0.92);
    border-radius: 0;
    border-style: solid;
    border-width: 0px 0px 1px 0px;

    box-shadow: inset -1px 0px shade (@cluebar_color, 1.02),
                inset 1px 0px shade (@cluebar_color, 1.02),
                inset 0 1px shade (@cluebar_color, 1.04),
                inset 0 -1px shade (@cluebar_color, 1.01);
}

NemoTrashBar.info:backdrop,
NemoXContentBar.info:backdrop,
NemoSearchBar.info:backdrop,
NemoQueryEditor.info:backdrop {
    background-image: -gtk-gradient (linear, left top, left bottom,
                                     from (shade (@cluebar_color, 1.01)),
                                     to (shade (@cluebar_color, 0.99)));
    background-color: @cluebar_color;
    border-bottom-color: shade (@cluebar_color, 0.92);

    box-shadow: inset -1px 0px shade (@cluebar_color, 1.01),
                inset 1px 0px shade (@cluebar_color, 1.01),
                inset 0 1px shade (@cluebar_color, 1.02),
                inset 0 -1px shade (@cluebar_color, 1.0);
}

NemoSearchBar .entry {
}

.nemo-cluebar-label {
    font: bold;
    text-shadow: 0 1px shade (@cluebar_color, 1.06);
}

.nemo-cluebar-label:backdrop {
    color: mix (@fg_color, @cluebar_color, 0.2);
    text-shadow: 0 1px shade (@cluebar_color, 1.02);
}

#nemo-search-button *:active,
#nemo-search-button *:active:prelight {
    color: @dark_fg_color;
}

NemoFloatingBar {
    background-color: @info_bg_color;
    border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;
    border-style: solid;
    border-width: 1px;
    border-color: darker (@info_bg_color);
}

NemoFloatingBar .button {
    -GtkButton-image-spacing: 0;
    -GtkButton-inner-border: 0;
}

/* sidebar */
NemoWindow .sidebar,
NemoWindow .sidebar .view {
    background-color: shade (@bg_color, 0.95);

    /*background-color: @bg_color;*/

    color: @fg_color;
    text-shadow: 0 1px shade (shade (@bg_color, 0.95), 1.04);
}

NemoWindow .sidebar .frame {
    border-width: 1px 0 0 0;
    border-style: solid;
    border-color: shade (@bg_color, 0.86);
    border-radius: 0;
}

NemoWindow .sidebar:backdrop,
NemoWindow .sidebar .view:backdrop {
    color: mix (@fg_color, shade (@bg_color, 0.95), 0.2);
    text-shadow: 0 1px shade (shade (@bg_color, 0.95), 1.02);
}

NemoWindow .sidebar row:selected {
    color: @selected_fg_color;
    text-shadow: 0 1px shade (@selected_bg_color, 0.8);
}

NemoWindow .sidebar row:selected:backdrop {
    background-image: -gtk-gradient (linear, left top, left bottom,
                                     from (shade (shade (@bg_color, 0.95), 0.94)),
                                     to (shade (shade (@bg_color, 0.95), 0.86)));
    border-top-color: shade (shade (@bg_color, 0.95), 0.88);

    color: @fg_color;
    text-shadow: 0 1px shade (shade (@bg_color, 0.95), 0.96);
}

NemoWindow .pane-separator {
    background-color: shade (shade (@bg_color, 0.95), 0.94);
    border-color: @dark_bg_color;
    border-style: solid;
    border-width: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
}

NemoWindow .pane-separator:backdrop {
    background-color: shade (shade (@bg_color, 0.95), 0.96);
}


How to open file browser with a specific file selected by default?

I use the following functions, defined in my ~/.bashrc:

walt@bat:~(0)$ type url;type furl
url is a function
url ()
{
    if [[ "x$2" != "x" ]]; then
        ff_opt="$2";
    else
        ff_opt="-new-tab";
    fi;
    /usr/bin/firefox "$ff_opt" "$1"
}
furl is a function
furl ()
{
    if [[ -f "$1" ]]; then
        echo "$1" | egrep -q '^/';
        if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
            furl_file="file://${PWD}/$1";
        else
            furl_file="file://$1";
        fi;
        url "$furl_file" -new-tab;
    else
        echo "furl: ${1}: No such file";
    fi
}
walt@bat:~(0)$ type furlw
furlw is a function
furlw ()
{
    if [[ -f "$1" ]]; then
        echo "$1" | egrep -q '^/';
        if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
            furl_file="file://${PWD}/$1";
        else
            furl_file="file://$1";
        fi;
        url "$1" -new-window;
    else
        echo "furlw: ${1}: No such file";
    fi
}


This is fine. The desktop on Ubuntu is provided by Nautilus. When are are using items on your desktop, you are actually using nautilus.

I think it is fine to have a menu for the desktop. If you think the desktop should not have a menu or nautilus menu should be superseded with a custom one for the desktop, you should consider filing a bug in Unity. http://bugs.launchpad.net/unity


Failed to start raise network interface on Ubuntu 16.04

Maybe a bit late, but I had the same issue, but then with ip6tables that gave an error :

$ sudo ifup ens160
run-parts: failed to exec /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/ip6tables: Exec format error
run-parts: /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/ip6tables exited with return code 1
Failed to bring up ens160.

My /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/ip6tables looked like this:

ip6tables-restore < /etc/ip6tables.conf

I solved the issue by adding a shebang on top of the script to make it look like this:

#!/bin/sh
ip6tables-restore < /etc/ip6tables.conf

Now my interface is willing to come up.
I hope this solution might help you (and others that stumble across this post).


What is the best way to send and recieve text messages from my Ubuntu computer?

I'm not sure if you're asking how to send SMS messages or a recommendation for common messaging apps for your Ubuntu computer. To my knowledge, you can't use your computer to send SMS messages from your cell phone number.

If you have Google Voice service, you will be able to send SMS messages (and make phone calls) from that Google Voice number from Google Hangouts or GMail in your browser, which I do all the time.

If you're asking about messaging apps, you can use web.whatsapp in Google Chrome on Ubuntu, and you can also download Viber as an application in Ubuntu. I believe Viber can also make calls and send SMS messages, but I don't use that functionality and can't be certain.


Boot from Ubuntu install media and  choose Try Ubuntu without installing.
Open the built-in tool gparted and you will find all partitions there.
If there is sufficient unallocated space on your disk select this space,
after you have chosen Something else when starting the installation.
If the whole disk is used by Windows installation reduce this partition.
Create a new partition and format it with ext4 with a size that is fitting your needs.
Create another new partition and format it with a swap size according to these rules.
Start the installation and select the ext4 partition for the Ubuntu (root) system.


How can I span my triple monitors so they act as one for gaming?

The equivalent of Eyefinity is Surround for nVidia.
As for the answer:
If I speak referring to here, then sadly the answer is: you can't.

Minimum System Requirements:
Operating System: Microsoft Windows 7: 32-bit and 64-bit

However, I also found this that pretty much answers your question but... it is for Hardy Heron and might not (and probably will not) work on 15.10.
I also found this question which states what you try to get is achievable, but he doesn't explain "how?". Also this question is 3 years old.
And finally this. But this is on 12.04
I have found other sources that shows people use it on ubuntu but they are usually pretty old. Looking at all of them, my conclusion is nVidia might've stopped supporting Ubuntu with this feature. I suggest try to contact nVidia and get help from them.


How to make passwords "match" while installing Ubuntu?

When you install Ubuntu (no matter how you install it), you enter a password for the first user account, created during installation.

You are asked to enter the password twice. You have to put in exactly the same password both times. Otherwise, you would think Ubuntu was using the password you had in mind, but it would be using some mistype of it!

So, your password has to match what you typed the first time you entered it.


I have that laptop too. I couldn't get that Radeon to works well on my Ubuntu, so I completely powered off it following that guide:

  https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Acer_Aspire_TimelineX_4820TG#Switchable_Graphics

My battery duration went from the previous 3h30 to the current 6h+. I suggest you to do the same.


A tar file has overhead because it also includes information on how to recreate the files. If the content you added to the tar file itself is already compressed you can end up with a bigger file than all the Mibs of all the files together. But... we are talking about small amounts of overhead. Not like 2 times the size of all the files. This indeed smells like symlinks.

You can use tar -tvf fs.tar.gz | more to have a look for files that got included but where not 'suppose' to be there. If both symlink and file are in the directories you use to create the tar file you will end up with both files included.

Tar has an option for not archiving symlinks; from the man page:

-h, --dereference
don't archive symlinks; archive the files they point to

Do be careful when messing with symlinks: you might up ending with broken ones that you need to fix yourself.
Tar allows for excluding files either with the `--exclude {PATTERN} or --exclude_from {FILE}. This lets you include the symlink and from that the file and skip the file itself.
To only include files and not the symlink you can use find /dir1 -type f |tar {etc}


How can I find the IP address of my router?

It could be that your router is set to a different IP address, Assuming you are connected to the router you can find the IP by opening a terminal and typing the below command and looking for the Gateway that relates to the destination 0.0.0.0

route -n

Example

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.1.1     0.0.0.0         UG    600    0        0 wlp2s0
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 wlp2s0
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     600    0        0 wlp2s0
192.168.10.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 vboxnet

You can see in this example my routers IP address is 192.168.1.1


Installing VNC server/client in Ubuntu 12.04

Ubuntu 12.04 comes with Vino VNC server pre-installed (but not enabled). So you can simply use that one without the need to install any other VNC server, it works just fine for most applications.

To enable it:

select "Desktop Sharing"

(or if you use gnome-session-fallback, select in the menu: Applications -> Internet -> Desktop Sharing")

Check the box "Allow users to view your desktop"
Check the box "Require used to enter this password:" and type in your preferred password
Click on "close"

and you are good to go.

You can test this right away by trying to connect from any local VNC client to the IP of your machine. If you are behind a firewall or NAT router, you will need to forward port 5900 to your Ubuntu machine.

Hope that help!


Annotating packages at installation to ease maintenance with apt / aptitude

Aptitude supports "user tags", see if they meet your requirements.

   add-user-tag, remove-user-tag
       Adds a user tag to or removes a user tag from the selected group of
       packages. If a package name contains a tilde ("~") or question mark
       ("?"), it is treated as a search pattern and the tag is added to or
       removed from all the packages that match the pattern (see the
       section "Search Patterns" in the aptitude reference manual).

       User tags are arbitrary strings associated with a package. They can
       be used with the ?user-tag(<tag>) search term, which will select
       all the packages that have a user tag matching <tag>.

Also see the options --add-user-tag, --add-user-tag-to, --remove-user-tag, --remove-user-tag-from. One example usage:

aptitude install cinnamon --add-user-tag "for=cinnamon; date=$(date)"

Nevertheless, I fear they are only visible/usable through aptitude.


I had this problem during my installation in my workstation. The problem then turned out to be a bad harddrive. Check if the harddrive is fine. A dying harddrive typically gives this problem.


Shutdown incomplete when the lid is closed after pressing shutdown

I had the exact same problem here on Ubuntu 13.10.
I solved it by adding the line :

    HandleLidSwitch=lock

in the file /etc/systemd/logind.conf.

And then using this command to make the changes effective:

    sudo restart systemd-logind

I hope it solves your problem too. Have a nice day.


Terminal warning when opening a file in gedit

The shell command:

export NO_AT_BRIDGE=1

prior to launch will squelch this annoying message.


efibootmgr problem, dual-boot, Ubuntu 19.10

Well, I think I have it fixed. It still appears to be booting fine into Ubuntu and Windows, but without the error message.

@nobody posted a nice link that exactly described my problem. However, the fixes didn't apply to me, because my BIOS doesn't have the options outlined in the answers.

I ended up doing a sudo efibootmgr -c which created a new entry "Boot0004* Linux", and it changed the "BootCurrent" and "BootOrder" values to this:

sudo efibootmgr

BootCurrent: 0000
Timeout: 1 seconds
BootOrder: 0004,0000,0015,0013,0012,000D
Boot0000* ubuntu
Boot0004* Linux
Boot000D* Windows Boot Manager
Boot0012* UEFI: IP4 Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller
Boot0013* UEFI: IP6 Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller
Boot0015* UEFI: TOSHIBA MQ01ABD075

The new "BootCurrent" and "BootOrder" values don't make a lot of sense to me... but it appears to work...


How to upgrade from Ubuntu 18.04.x LTS to 20.04.1 LTS using downloaded iso

I had to do a full upgrade over dial up took about 7 hours.
The link below may be helpful because doing this will cause timeouts and could cause corruption in some files and this fixed it.
Fix Broken Ubuntu OS Without Reinstalling It
First of all, try to login with live cd and backup your data in an external drive. Just in case, if this method didn't work, you can still have your data and reinstall everything!
At the login screen, press Ctrl+ALT+F1 to switch to tty1.
Now, type the following commands one by one to fix the broken Ubuntu Linux.
$ sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock
$ sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock
$ sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend
$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
$ sudo apt clean
$ sudo apt update --fix-missing
$ sudo apt install -f
$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
$ sudo apt upgrade
$ sudo apt dist-upgrade

Finally, reboot the system using command:
$ sudo reboot

I Also ran into this
How To Fix Busybox Initramfs Error On Ubuntu


Import images from camera in KDE with particular directory structure

digiKam
Offline docs: K > Applications > Help > Application Manuals > Graphics > digiKam
digiKam > Using digiKam > Using a Digital Camera With digiKam > Automatic Destination Albums Creation
Online docs: http://docs.kde.org/development/en/extragear-graphics/digikam/using-camera.html

If your camera provides information about the date of the photograph's
taking, digiKam can use this to automatically create subalbums in the
destination Album when it is downloaded...

Plug in a device. The digiKam import window has the settings for the "Auto Creation of Albums"

In recent versions of digiKam you can create multiple levels of sub-albums by using / in a custom date format:

It seems that older versions of digiKam are limited to only one level automatic sub directories, so here is an alternative way:
A workaround is to use the [ExifTool] (http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/#filename) ("Renaming and/or Moving Files"):

For example, the following command moves all images originally in
directory "DIR" into a directory hierarchy organized by
year/month/day:

  exiftool "-Directory<DateTimeOriginal" -d "%Y/%m/%d" DIR

ExifTool ubuntu package: libimage-exiftool-perl.
The easy way is to download the images to the main directory and move the pictures with the ExifTool. There is also an option to add a KDE device action.
An Example with the KDE/Kubuntu
The KDE has editable device/solid actions:

http://userbase.kde.org/System_Settings/Device_Actions
http://techbase.kde.org/Development/Tutorials/Solid/Device_Actions.

The KDE has a GUI to add/edit the device actions: System Settings > Device Actions.
A quick way with the commandline:

Create the local action directory:
mkdir -p ~/.kde/share/apps/solid/actions/

Copy the digiKam action to work as a template:
cp /usr/share/kde4/apps/solid/actions/digikam-opencamera.desktop ~/.kde/share/apps/solid/actions/movewithexiftools.desktop

Edit the new action ~/.kde/share/apps/solid/actions/movewithexiftools.desktop to:
[Desktop Entry]
X-KDE-Solid-Predicate=[ [ StorageVolume.ignored == false AND StorageVolume.usage == 'FileSystem' ] OR Camera.supportedDrivers == 'gphoto' ]
Type=Service
Actions=open;

[Desktop Action open]
# %f gives StorageAccess.filePath, %d gives Block.device, %i gives UDI
Exec=konsole --workdir ~/Pictures --noclose -e exiftool "-Directory<DateTimeOriginal" -d "%Y/%m/%%d" "%f"
Icon=camera-photo
Name=Move with the ExifTool

Reboot

Testing with few pictures
Now there is a new option: Move with the ExifTool.

The Device Action is showing the success/failure with the terminal:

The sub directories have the /YYYY/MM/DD format

Working at here may or may not work there.


Sometimes, graphics/video drivers can run into problems unless you stop all display manager services and/or kill Xorg before installing the new drivers. If you also switch between versions of drivers, sometimes configuration files are not completely removed and can conflict with different versions that you try to install later. ("completely removed" = "purged")

Stop your display manager

This step may not always be necessary, but it's sometimes cleaner or safer to stop all display managers before installing graphics card drivers.

First, close all your work that's open in windowed programs because stopping the display manager will kill them all without saving any open work. Then, switch to a TTY by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1 (or any of F1 through  F6). The display server uses F7 by default for its GUI interface. Log in on the TTY, and type this to see which display managers are running:

pgrep dm -l

You should see one or more of the following: lightdm, gdm, kdm, xdm. If pgrep doesn't work, try:

ps -eo pid,comm | grep dm

Or search for those names with the htop or top commands.  To stop the active display managers, type:

sudo service <name_of_display_manager> stop

For example: sudo service lightdm stop

Older versions of Ubuntu may not have the service command and instead use init.d scripts:

sudo /etc/init.d/<name_of_display_manager> stop

Or require you to kill each of the processes by typing:

sudo kill <PID_of_display_manager>

The PID is the "process identification" number. It is returned in the output from pgrep or is listed in a column in htop or top. If kill fails, try forcing it with the -9 flag: sudo kill -9 <PID>

Stop or kill each of the display managers until none are running. Older versions of Ubuntu may also require you to kill all Xorg processes:

xkill -a

Completely remove your graphics driver packages

Basically, purge the driver packages rather than simply remove them. I had an error like yours that was resolved by purging the old driver packages. In the TTY, type the following:

sudo apt-get purge <name_of_package> [name_of_package]...

For example:

sudo apt-get purge fglrx fglrx-core fglrx-amdcccle fglrx-updates fglrx-amdcccle-updates

I, personally, have only the first three of those installed as I suspect most people would because those are officially listed on AMD's Drivers and Support site.

Purging will remove all of the packages' configuration files outside of /home along with the packages, themselves.  (Typing remove instead of purge will only remove the packages and not their configuration files. See also: What is the Difference Between `apt-get purge` and `apt-get remove`?

Older versions of apt-get do not have the purge command and instead use a --purge flag with remove like so:

sudo apt-get remove --purge <name_of_package> [name_of_package]...

After purging, install the replacement versions of the packages that were just purged:

sudo apt-get install <name_of_package> [name_of_package]...

Or if you have DEB files, install those:

sudo dpkg -i <deb_filename> [deb_filename]...

Restart your display manager

If there are no errors, either restart your display manager or reboot:

sudo service <name_of_display_manager> start

On older versions of Ubuntu:

sudo /etc/init.d/<name_of_display_manager> start

Or to start Xorg:

sudo xinit start

Or reboot:

sudo shutdown -r 0

Any of those ways should take you to the GUI interface again running on the drivers you just installed.


PyCharm Unable to save workspace files -.idea permissions

Error message:

PyCharm was unable to save some project files,
are you sure you want to close this project anyway?

Read-only files:
/home/adiel/PycharmProjects/spark-test/.idea/workspace.xml

According to your error message problme is with workspace.xml file. You have to provide appropriate permission to workspace.xml file using sudo  chmod command.


Gnome-Do in doesn't have the docky appearance anymore

Docky and Do were split after it became clear that the Docky theme for Do was collecting a huge amount of code not shared with anything else in Do.

The Docky found in the docky package has a large number of extra features and a huge number of bugs fixed (particularly with respect to window matching) compared to the docky theme from Do.

You will have a better dock experience with the stand-alone docky package than with the docky theme of the (previous) gnome-do package.


I have the same issue. I don't know how to fix it, but I came up with a decent work-around. I added a launcher on the top panel to switch to the Metacity window manager.

Right click on the panel and click "Add to Panel..."
Choose "Custom Application Launcher" and click "Add"
Type whatever you want for the name. I called it "Metacity"
Type "metacity --replace" (without the quotes) for the command
Optionally fill in the comment box and choose an icon (I used vinagre.png since I run it from VNC)

When I log in remotely, the first thing I do is click the Metacity launcher, and the screen starts updating correctly.

I have fusion-icon installed, so I use it to switch back instead of making a launcher for Compiz. If you want to use a launcher to switch back to Compiz, follow the same steps for Metacity, but use the command "compiz --replace".


What port should external users use to access my FTP server? Am I doing this right, even? Reality check..etc

You could try changing the port forwarding configuration as suggested by x...

  (O)pen the FTP at port 21 local, then use port forwarding in router, map it to port ex: 12345. Then user can connect to your ftp from outside using xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:12345.

This would circumvent any ISP troubles, but you would have to make sure that the port you choose is not used by any other service. There is a wikipedia page on commonly used ports.

Also you can troubleshoot the FTP server with a FTP client, such as FileZilla, from your network and from a separate network such as the Library or a Cafe.

Even though it is read only, I still would recommend using a more secure way of distributing files, such as a dropbox, google drive, or by using SFTP.

Good Luck! :)


I upgraded yesterday from Ubuntu 18.04 LTS to Ubuntu 19.10 and then to 20.04 LTS.
And I faced the exact same issue. On the login screen I would select my user and enter my password, and the screen would blank and after a couple of seconds, I was back at the login screen.
It seems it is a bug in xorg.
Till they fix it, what you can do is (and what I did was):

Press CTRL + ALT + F1
This will bring you to a text-login. Enter your credentials and login should work.
Then install openbox by "sudo apt install openbox".
Then reboot the computer.
On arriving at the login screen, after the reboot, look for an icon on the screen, which would let you change your "Window Manager" from "Ubuntu" or "Gnome" or whatever you are using, to "Openbox".
Login to Openbox and you have a GUI environment, at least.

I cannot explain, why it does not crash for Openbox. In any case, you can recover your work/data from the system either by logging in to the text mode either by pressing CTRL-ALT-F1 and then using the commandline to transfer your data out or you can use Openbox.
p.s. strangely, they say that the bug is more prevalent on VMs. I have it the other way round. On the VM, Ubuntu 20.04, runs absolutely smoothly (though be it, it was a fresh install). But on bare-metal it has these crashes (could be due to the buggy upgrade).
EDIT:
On a side note, if in any case this does not work for you, just maybe it is because we are using different "Display Managers". So, just to test (in case the previous steps failed), from the text-login, you can access using CTRL+ALT+F1, install lightdm sudo apt install lightdm and when the configuration screen pops up, choose lightdm. Reboot and try to login with the Openbox window manager again. Hope it helps.


Best configuration for 1 SSD and 2 HDD's?

i did make a video for installing to a SSD and a HDD - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sPGEwqoXA0
you should know that the GUI installer for ubuntu does not support raid
If your bios allows you to set 2 of the ports in raid and the rest in ahci it is possible, you probably would need a second sata controller for that
sata 1, 2, or 3 it does not matter as a hdd can't benefit from sata 3 as they are too slow, if your sata 2 drive is faster than your sata 1 drive you may not be able to raid them, raid works best with 2 of the same model
if you have 2 sata 1 posts i don't see that being a issue though
I would suggest RAID 1 for the HDDs (i think that is the one that does not loose data if 1 drive fails)
you may be able to do a software raid (remembered this as a i was typing this) that will only use some of your ports for raid, and have the bios set in ahci
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SoftwareRAID
if someone can edit this to make it more readable please do, it is late here and i am sleepy
Edit: as for your IDE drives, i just looked at the motherboard, but i dont see a plug for a ribbon cable on the motherboard, unless you have a pci card for that (or ide to sata adapter) you are not going to be using them


How to use the Dash to search for files on other drives?

The dash is a shell in Ubuntu, and you can search in the shell, but not very good with the shell.

You use locate, find, which, whereis and so on, to search for files, and you can do it from the dash, but it would work the same way as in other shells, like bash or zsh.

I don't know how the 'recently used' search works on windows, but I guess the programs have to use a certain library, to work that way, and I see multiple problems.

If you start a program on linux, this file is read, some libraries are read, configurations in /etc/foo or ~/.foo are read, or maybe both. A single program can open hundrets of files, but most of them without the intent to modify them. But it can be filtered, such that only files, opened with the same file-open-dialog get protocolled.

But that would mean, that files, opened written with the gtk-toolkit would be protocolled, those written with Qt wouldn't.

But if they are moved with some tools, filemanager, command in the shell - the system will not update that change.

The same problem ocucurs, when you use removable storage like USB-Sticks, or modify files in the cloud from a different working place.


You have two questions here, to unmount a CIFS folder, use the following command

sudo umount -a -t cifs -l

And whether it's any harm to shutdown your linux PC without unmounting first, there shouldn't be. Unless you are writing a file to the shared folder at the same time.


Logitech K380 bluetooth keyboard - make function keys default

I created GitHub repository for k380 configuration program.

https://github.com/jergusg/k380-function-keys-conf

I did the same steps as Mario to get sequence for k380.
The code is same as Mario's, but with the sequence for k380 keyboard and k380 device ID.
It outputs write: 0 were written instead of 7 on my computer, but it works anyway.

The sequences are:

const char k380_seq_fkeys_on[]  = {0x10, 0xff, 0x0b, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
const char k380_seq_fkeys_off[] = {0x10, 0xff, 0x0b, 0x1e, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00};


External Hard Drive Won't Mount on Ubuntu; Previous Solutions Did Not Work

I have the same problem but withe an external drive. Then I recalled that this external Hard disk has been encrypted.

The only solution I know is deactivate bitlocker in a Windows 7 or 8, Pro or enterprise version (home version is not able to read encrypted hard disks).

I hope that all checks you've been doing, have not corrupted data from your hard drive.

The question may be related with this other.


Is it possible to upgrade to Ubuntu 16.04 from 14.04 using an iso/live usb?

Upgrading between 2 LTS releases will be available on .1 point release of the later release. In this case, you'll have to wait until 16.04.1 is released, which, according to release schedule, will come out on July 21st.

But upgrading using live ISO is not possible. Upgrading system will need individual packages to be installed. You'll have to download another type of ISO called alternate ISO which installs packages from CD. In the past, Ubuntu used to provide alternate ISO for desktop flavors, but it's not available anymore. For server flavor, alternate ISO has been the only available ISO for downloading. In your case, I think you should upgrade over the internet as ISO you downloaded is useless anyway.

I personally never upgrade between 2 LTS releases but have upgraded between 2 consecutive releases from 13.04 all the way up to 16.04 today. Of course, some problems do pop up, but with the power of Google, I can fix those problems. If you're upgrading a desktop, don't hesitate to try. If anything goes wrong, you can always reinstall. But if you're upgrading server, you may want to set up test server before proceeding to upgrade.


Remember when you were installing the GTK+ themes how you were hit with a .tar file. If you extract that file, you will get a magical folder of files. If you read the comments in each of the file, and if you know a little bit of the language, then you can easily start tweaking the themes...

For your purpose of just changing colors, it shouldn't be that hard to change the color, but again, I don't know which theme package you are dealing with, so just burn through the code and learn!

If on the other hand, you were looking for a GUI tool which you could use, there is none.


Wel I resolved my problem by installing pyNeighborhood and I mount share folders with that samba client. It's a temporary solution.


Please have a look at this question: Is there a copy handling progam available that can queue, pause and resume?

The application Ultracopier is recommended there.


Really slow wireless internet on 12.04 with HP dv6 6070ca

why dont you try this link
http://www.hitxp.com/articles/software/ubuntu-fix-slow-wireless-internet-connection-speed-upgrading-11-04-natty-narwhal/

please post back your findings so that we can help others


How to get the intel 3165 wireless adapter to work in Ubuntu 14.04?

This is the way to upgrade to kernel 4.2

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-wily

This way you will remain with lsb_release of Ubuntu 14.04 LTS but kernel is upgraded. You can verify your Ubuntu release using this

lsb_release -a


how to install Qt Creator IDE version 2.4.1 with repository?

It's in ppa for precise.  Either switch to precise when it goes stable April 26th or use the binary installer.

Options:
Wait for April 26th.
Use beta(but then you can't ask questions here...)

Use the binary installer for your architecture from here.  The procedure is documented here which is the page you get when you click Offline installer on the previous.

"On Linux/Unix, you need to make the file executable in order to run it. You can either do this with your desktop's file manager or, at the command line, type:"

chmod u+x Qt_SDK_Lin64_offline_v1_2_en.run

You should now be able to execute the file as normal. You can do this from the command line by typing:

./Qt_SDK_Lin64_offline_v1_2_en.run


How to troubleshoot random freezes, when alt+sysrq doesn't work?

Here is what works for me .

Whenever Ubuntu freezes and no keyboard or mouse input works for me I launch a fullscreen login terminal ( I don't know the proper name) by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1.

After the terminal  is launched I again press Ctrl+Alt+F7. And it brings me back to my original GUI Ubuntu working environment.

And Ubuntu unfreezes.

 Additional Info

After launching that terminal you can logout or restart or do whatever you want to do in a traditional terminal.

You can use any of the buttons F1 to F6 using the combination above to launch the terminals. And can launch the GUI environment using F7 as described above.


I found that Win + L can help. Or to see where it is hanging use Alt + F2


texi2dvi with TeX 3.14159265 (TeX Live 2015) in R is not working

The error message you posted suggests that the path you provided for the file doesn't exist. Does Yaseen/XYZ exist? if not, create it first and try again.
If your directory names contain spaces, try escaping them using \ in the command:
path/to\ my\ files/

Or use quotes (" / '):
"path/to my files/"

If you're doing this from R, make sure you use \\  to ensure the escape character gets passed on:
texi2dvi("/media/yaseen/D/Muhammad\\ Yaseen/ABC.tex", pdf = TRUE)

Edit: note the documentation for this in R (?texi2dvi):

There are various versions of the texi2dvi script on Unix-alikes and quite a number of bugs have been seen, some of which this R wrapper works around.
One that was present with texi2dvi version 4.8 (as supplied on OS X) is that it will not work correctly for paths which contain spaces, nor if the absolute path to a file would contain spaces.

This is obviously a dumb bug, so the best workaround is to avoid paths with spaces.


Need help recovering data from hard disk formatted by Ubuntu,

You might want to look here, How to recover a lost windows partition after installing Ubuntu Your Ubuntu partition took ALL of the space in your Windows partition, you might not be able to recover it. The only way I think you can fully recover is if you have an off-site back up of your windows partition and recover it


Copy your fonts folder from Windows to Ubuntu (You can put it anywhere on your Ubuntu machine), and install Fonty Python from the USC, and then it's as simple as making Pogs of the fonts you want to use.  You just pick the font through Fonty Python, add it to a Pog, and install it.  Simple as that.  Then just choose the font/s you want in what programs you want like normal.  The new fonts will show with the defaults.

https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/precise/fontypython/


How to connect Android Samsung 7. 0 on Linux Ubuntu 17.10?

Open terminal and enter

$sudo mtp-detect

Output will show vendor and product ID. Next you need to edit the file

  /etc/udev/rules.d/69-libmtp.rules

If the file is missing, you need to get from

  /lib/udev/rules.d/69-libmtp.rules

Terminal:

cp /lib/udev/rules.d/69-libmtp.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/69-libmtp.rules

Add the following line after adding your specific vendor and product ID
ATTR{idVendor}=="1234", ATTR{idProduct}=="5678", SYMLINK+="libmtp-%k", MODE="660", GROUP="disk", ENV{ID_MTP_DEVICE}="1", ENV{ID_MEDIA_PLAYER}="1"


Wacom Intuos 4 map buttons not remaining

No, you have to call your script that set buttons by hand or automatically every time you connect your tablet.

I have a script that I published in Wacom button and mouse button setting; to execute it automatically when the tablet is inserted:

drop in /etc/udev/rules.d/ the file 99-wacom_local.rules

with content:

ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="056a", ATTR{idProduct}=="0084", RUN+="/home/romano/software/scripts/wacom_set_xournal_auto"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="056a", ATTR{idProduct}=="0302", RUN+="/home/romano/software/scripts/wacom_set_xournal_auto"

...and fine-tune your codes for your tablet id, that you can obtain with lsusb (and obviously the path of your personalization script).

References here: http://www.techytalk.info/udev-rule-to-run-script-after-plugging-in-usb-device-on-ubuntu-linux-operating-system/

Yes, not user-friendly at all.


To unmount use the below command

umount /dev/sda1

If you are not an root user, and having difficulties, you can sudo to root and then unmount the drive


Ubuntu has a tool to snag additional drivers for you. You need to plug the laptop into a wired network, and then run the "Additional Drivers" tool:

How do I install additional drivers?

If this gives you problems please update your question with what happens.


Shouldnt .bashrc run every time I log in?

See https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html#Bash-Startup-Files

  When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell with the --login option, it first reads and executes commands from the file /etc/profile, if that file exists. After reading that file, it looks for ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile, in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable. The --noprofile option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior.

Note, no mention of ~/.bashrc above.

  When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, Bash reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists. This may be inhibited by using the --norc option. The --rcfile file option will force Bash to read and execute commands from file instead of ~/.bashrc.

Check your terminal application's preferences to see if it launches a login shell or not.

Alternately, you can add this to your ~/.bash_profile

[[ -f ~/.bashrc ]] && . ~/.bashrc


Dual Boot Partitions__To which partition with Linux I should add the free space

Your real problem is that you've got a smallish hard disk. Your sda1 Windows partition consumes most of the space on the disk. If sda1 can be reduced, or eliminated, then we can increase the size of your remaining partitions, as they're all too small.
Let me know, and I can outline the specific steps to take.
edit:
step #1

make sure you have a bootable Windows install/repair DVD
make sure you have a bootable Ubuntu Live DVD for your current version of Ubuntu
make backups of ALL of your important data on BOTH Windows and Ubuntu

step #2
in Windows...

go to the Power control panel
click on change what the power buttons do
click on change settings that are unavailable
uncheck fast start
close power control panel
open an administrative command prompt window
type powercfg /h off
type chkdsk /f c:
approve to run at reboot time
reboot Windows
confirm how much free space that you have on the C: drive, and update your question on AU with that information

in Ubuntu...

reboot into Ubuntu, or Ubuntu Live DVD
obtain a new screenshot of gparted view of /dev/sda, and update your question on AU with that new image (you can replace the old image if you wish)

step #3 (pending)


Partition not showing as device in Nautilus

You could add it as a bookmark. Just add the line file:///wdd to file ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks. For more details see How to add bookmark to Nautilus 3.6?


Need install Ubuntu Desktop on lenovo B460e model with Window 7 OS

If you have a bootable usb stick or DVD (with an Ubuntu iso image), you can always try it before you install it.

It's good to have a backup of your disk before installing, just in case something goes wrong.

The installation process should be easy. Here is one example:
https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-install-ubuntu-desktop#0

Just pay attention to the partitioning section (In the given link, this is section 6:Allocating drive space). Your Windows partitions should be detected. Do NOT press Erase disk and install Ubuntu.


How install or uninstall half-installed mysql-client-5.6 on/from ubuntu 15.10?

I had the same issue on VM with Ubuntu 14.04. The only thing worked for me is similar to what Richard Uijen has suggested:

sudo apt-get --purge remove mysql*
sudo apt-get autoremove mysql*
sudo rm -rf /etc/mysql/
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall mysql-client-5.6

Basically you need to remove all mysql packages (mysql*), clean and install again

After that I could install php7 mysql client without any issues

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php7.0 php7.0-mysql


Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS and NVIDIA card low resolution

NOTE: Recently after I originally posted this answer I ended up helping 2 others with similar issues, but both were using the nvidia-driver-390.  It appears that the 390 driver is incompatible with the 5.3.xxxx kernel and should be removed first and a newer driver be installed.

The new 5.3.0-26-generic kernel that is part of the HWE - Hardware
Enablement Stack does not automatically build the NVIDIA driver module into the new kernel update.  To fix this you need to get the driver version you have installed and the kernel version you are going to install it in to.

See if you are booted to the 5.3.0-26-generic kernel by using uname -r:

$ uname -r
5.3.0-26-generic

If it is not installed, please install dkms to your system:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install dkms

Run the following command to show you the present driver and kernel:

dkms status

You should see output like the following:

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ dkms status
nvidia, 440.48.02, 5.0.0-37-generic, x86_64: installed
openrazer-driver, 2.7.0, 5.0.0-37-generic, x86_64: installed

Since the 440.48.02 driver is already installed in my last kernel version from 18.04.2 using the 5.0.0-37-generic kernel, but the 5.3.0-26-generic kernel is not listed that is where we need to install the driver to.

It is installed in the following format

sudo dkms install nameofdriver/version -k kernelversion

So, to install that driver into the kernel and have it activate at boot run the following line:

sudo dkms install nvidia/440.48.02 -k 5.3.0-26-generic

Or if booted to 5.3.0-26-generic you can run it as:

sudo dkms install nvidia/440.48.02 -k $(uname -r)

You can change the above line to match any driver that needs to be installed into the kernel.  I also ran the install for my openrazer-driver for my keyboard.

After running that line the output of dkms status should now be like:

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ dkms status
nvidia, 440.48.02, 5.0.0-37-generic, x86_64: installed
nvidia, 440.48.02, 5.3.0-26-generic, x86_64: installed
openrazer-driver, 2.7.0, 5.0.0-37-generic, x86_64: installed
openrazer-driver, 2.7.0, 5.3.0-26-generic, x86_64: installed

Reboot your system and your video driver should now be loaded and you should be able to obtain your full resolutions.

Hope this helps!


Can we use EtchDroid to create Ubuntu installation media?

EtchDroid to create Ubuntu installation media
EtchDroid sounds like it meets your requirements and has a good rating and sounds safe. I gave EtchDroid a trial and had good results.

Downloaded and installed EtchDroid from the Google Play Store.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=eu.depau.etchdroid&hl=en

Connected USB flash drive using micro USB to USB-A converter.

Started EtchDroid and selected "Write raw image or ISO".

Selected the Ubuntu ISO file

Selected the target USB from upper right on the screen:

And clicked the write icon on the lower right.

At first I thought nothing had happened but when I returned later I found that the USB was ready for a Live boot or Install.
There are similar apps that flash image files to USB using Windows including Etcher and Win32DiskImager, and from Ubuntu including Etcher, Startup Disk Creator and Gnome-Disks. This is a handy free app to have on your phone.
My only complaint is that this app will not write to an internal SD card, but I understand that this is a safety feature.
If you successfully try this app, please leave an answer to your own question here. I am sure many people would be interested.


How to drag a folder to the side panel in Nautilus

If you drag a folder to the folders under Computer, then you will move the folder, but if you drag it to the Bookmarks section, then you will create a bookmark for it. This bookmark will also be used in the Files lens.


jabra headset shows up in dmesg but not in audio

I had a similar problem with Jabra GN headphone, this problem was solved as follows

in the terminal go to this path

cd /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/

create the following file, with the following content

sudo nano 50-jabra.conf
Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "Jabra"
        MatchProduct "GN Netcom A/S Jabra EVOLVE LINK MS"
    Option "ButtonMapping" "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0"
EndSection

otherwise you can download the file

wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/259700341/50-jabra.conf

reboot with no usb devices being connected and wait because it may take some time more, login to ubuntu and wait till it has completely bootet, then connect your device

you should see now a second icon in system->sound->Jabra Device


Running a python script from my php server

I understand that with sudo the password is required.

That's not necessarily the case. As the sudoers man page describes, if you put "NOPASSWD:", it doesn't require a password.

For example:

  www-data ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/local/bin/rungpio.py

would allow the user www-data to run /usr/local/bin/rungpio.py with sudo, without requiring a password (please note that it should be executable and start with a shebang, such as #!/usr/bin/env python).

Alternatively, you could change the permissions of the device files so that the user php is running as can modify them, and get rid of sudo. And even change them directly, instead of needing to jump to python.