Meaning of the access permissions "rws" and "root root" of /usr/bin/sudo

The s in rws stands for setuid meaning set user ID. This is a special permission bit that allows the program, when run by any user, to be run with the effective UID of the owner, in this case, root. So when you as a normal user run the sudo executable, you effectively do so as root. This permission bit is a security risk, and should only be applied where absolutely necessary.

Explanation of the setuid bit from The Linux Command Line by William E. Shotts Jr:

  When applied to an executable file, it sets the effective user ID from
  that of the real user (the user actually running the program) to that
  of the program's owner. Most often this is given to a few programs
  owned by the superuser. When an ordinary user runs a program that is
  "setuid root" , the program runs with the effective privileges of the
  superuser. This allows the program to access files and directories
  that an ordinary user would normally be prohibited from accessing.
  Clearly, because this raises security concerns, the number of setuid
  programs must be held to an absolute minimum.

The second root in the listing is the group that owns the file, and yes, only the user root is in the group root:

$ getent group root
root:x:0:

Here's an example of a file that has different user and group ownership:

-rw-r----- 1 root shadow 1456 Nov 22 20:08 /etc/shadow

This means that the file can be read and written to only by root, but members of the group shadow may also read the file.


How about running umount /mnt/windows every time a user logs in, or renaming ntfs-3g so users can't access it (but you know the real name of that executable)?


Well, I guess for what ever reasons CMake just didn't want to find libphonon.so which I determined was located in /usr/lib/. So after manually setting QT_PHONON_LIBRARY_RELEASE to /usr/lib/libphonon.so everything worked.


Several commands for installing another Desktop-Environment didn't help

To install KDE: sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

Cinnamon sudo apt-get install cinnamon-desktop-environment

Here is an extensive list of desktop environments and commands to install them: What kinds of desktop environments and shells are available?


What is a practical way to list every character used in a file (Bash) (Regex)

You can use a combination of sed and sort:

$ echo "Johnny's penguin, (Tuxie), likes the following foods: French fries, and beef." |
>  sed 's/./&\n/g' | LC_COLLATE=C sort -u | tr -d '\n'
 '(),.:FJTabcdefghiklnoprstuwxy

sort does lexicographic sorting, so see man 7 ascii to see how the characters will order up.

Explanation:

sed 's/./&\n/g' - add a newline after every character, since sort (usually) does line-by-line sorting
LC_COLLATE=C sets the collation style to C (see What does “LC_ALL=C” do?)
sort -u: sorts the input and prints only the unique entries
tr -d '\n' deletes all the extra new lines.

If you want to keep only visible characters:

$ echo "Johnny's penguin, (Tuxie), likes the following foods: French fries, and beef." |
> tr -cd '[[:graph:]]' | sed 's/./&\n/g' | LC_COLLATE=C sort -u | tr -d '\n'

tr -cd '[[:graph:]]' deletes everything except visible characters.


Can't download anything when Installing Ubuntu with Minimal?

The driver for your network adapter is not being loaded.

You need to go in to your live system find out which adapter you have an what driver is being loaded for it, you can do that looking at the output of lspci -nnk | grep -i net -A2 in a terminal, for me I get the following:

03:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller [10ec:8168] (rev 02)
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device [1462:7550]
    Kernel driver in use: r8169

then in your minimal CD installation you need to go to another TTY and manually load the necessary driver module for your listed adapter.

I am sure you probably know this, but here are some questions for future reverence:

What is a tty, and how do I access a tty?

And here is more information on how to list and load driver modules using a TTY:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Loadable_Modules


I've worked with the Jetson TK1 and upgrading/updating Ubuntu is a known issue. The libglx.so file gets overwritten. You need to run: "sudo apt-mark hold xserver-xorg-core" before updating. See wiki page here for more info: http://elinux.org/Jetson_TK1#An_important_step_before_connecting_the_Jetson_to_Internet

Apparently this has been solved with the latest TK1 image provided by Nvidia.

I've had the best luck flashing the device using the JetPack. (https://developer.nvidia.com/jetson-tk1-development-pack). It requires Ubuntu 12/14 64-bit. And for some reason it takes up a many gigs of disk space and I can't seem to get rid of it even after uninstalling. You might want to take a snapshot before installing if you're using a VM.

Hope that helps.

-Mike


a. Do this simple check and see if you are really using Wayland (and not X11).

Open a Terminal window on the Ubuntu Desktop and run these commands:

# VERIFY that you are indeed using the Wayland Display Manager,
# and NOT X11 which would return "x11".
echo ${XDG_SESSION_TYPE}
if [ "${XDG_SESSION_TYPE}" != "wayland" ]; then
    echo "ERROR. This session does not use the Wayland Display Manager."
    echo "       Your system uses ${XDG_SESSION_TYPE}"
else
    echo "OK. This session uses the Wayland Display Manager."
fi

b. Check the process list to see if Xorg is really active)

$ ps -fe | grep Xorg

  Output on Ubuntu 17.10 (Artful) Wayland:
    ubuntu 1907 1498  0 09:52 pts/0  00:00:00 grep --color=auto xorg

  Output on Ubuntu 17.04 X11:
    root   1110   960  0 Nov20 tty7  00:06:58 /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg -core :0 -seat seat0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch
    root  26750 26399  0 09:56 pts/4 00:00:00 grep --color=auto Xorg

c. If you cat the ubuntu.desktop then you will see that it starts the main Gnome session. If this config file somewhere contains "unity" then you are not using the Wayland display manager.

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Ubuntu on Xorg
Comment=This session logs you into Ubuntu
Exec=env GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE=ubuntu  gnome-session --session=ubuntu
TryExec=gnome-shell
Icon=
Type=Application
DesktopNames=ubuntu:GNOME
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=gnome-session-3.0

d. The filename "ubuntu-xorg.desktop" is probably a leftover from the previous version of Ubuntu. It gives the impression to be Xorg related but the contents are definitely not.


Failure to switch to seamless mode indicates a missing or incomplete installation of the guest additions.
In light weight Ubuntu variants we may not have a gcc compiler installed to compile the additions for the guest. This is provided with the package build-essential that we have to install in the guest before we can install the guest additions.
A missing compiler may result in a fail message on running the guest additions install script.
After we had installed the guest additions without an error we need a reboot of the guest to be able to switch the View to Seamless Mode.


Lenovo X1 Yoga - Ubuntu 18.04: Suspend not working and multiple errors

Have you upgraded the firmware to the most recent versions?  You can use fwupdmgr to automatically update much of this, but for the touchpad (on my X1 Carbon 7 gen) which stopped working after suspend, I needed to download an iso image and follow the instructions here:

https://tojaj.com/lenovo-biosuefi-update-from-usb-stick-i-e-without-bootable-cd/

The BIOS update can be found here:

https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds540232

(For 7th generation, search for the approprate version for your system)


I don't have the password to update Ubuntu

Ubuntu doesn't have a root password by default. Actions that require root privileges are generally done via sudo which requires the password for your own account.

If you don't have the password for your user account, you can set one by rebooting in single user mode, which will give you a root shell. You can then type

passwd yourname

where yourname is your user account name. Then reboot in normal mode and you should be able to use the password you just set.

Instructions for booting in single user mode can be found here.  (This isn't as big a security hole as it seems, since it requires physical access to the system; the bad guys can't get a single user shell remotely.)

And as ObsessiveFOSS's answer says, you need an iso image that's appropriate for your CPU architecture, most commonly either "i386" or "amd64". Once you have an installation disk that's compatible with your architecture, you can install from scratch (wiping out everything you now have on the system), and you'll be able to set a password. If you do this, you won't need to boot into single user mode. Downloads for the current version are available from releases.ubuntu.com:

AMD64: http://releases.ubuntu.com/12.04.1/ubuntu-12.04.1-desktop-i386.iso
x86: http://releases.ubuntu.com/12.04.1/ubuntu-12.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso

Thanks to ObsessiveFOSS for providing these links.

(Note that "AMD64" refers to an architecture originally developed by AMD, but available from AMD, Intel, and elsewhere.)

Don't bother setting a root password; it's not needed, and having one can open a potential security hole.


install a package moved to /var/cache/apt/archives manually?

To install a locally stored .deb package use dpkg. Try:

sudo dpkg -i /path/to/your/package.deb

apt takes care of the dependency problems which dpkg can not.

There is an interesting project dpkg-offline which is currently under development. To quote from the README of the project,

This tool will download a set of .deb packages needed to install all of the given <packages-to-download>, with their dependencies satisfied, on an installation done from <base-iso>.

You can check out the development version of the tool here. I did not try it, so don't know how (un)stable it is.

Here is a tutorial from the dev branch in Launchpad on how to install and use dpkg-offline.

Bonus There is going to be a show and tell event on this package in the Ubuntu Online Summit on 2015-05-06 at 15:00.


Where to find the driver for Epson WorkForce WF-2860 under Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic?

I know where to find the scanner driver.

It is here https://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/?OSC=LX

You could easily find it too by googling "epson linux drivers".


The file /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ is provided by the package g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf, the GNU C++ compiler for the armhf architecture. So just install it:

sudo apt-get install g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf


Logitech mouse thumb button not showing in xev

I had the same issue before. I accidentally solved it after reinstalling Ubuntu 16.04 for other reasons.

In my case, it was imwheel restricting the use of thumb buttons. In my .imwheelrc, I have

".*"
None,       Up,     Up,     5
None,       Down,   Down,   5

It was meant to increase scroll speed, but also blocks thumb buttons. (You do not have to use the same setting as mine in imwheelrc). To make them available again, in terminal,first do: killall imwheel  then do imwheel -b "4 5".
It works by limiting the button grab to the specified buttons.

Note: I do NOT have xautomation installed. I would try uninstall xautomation if above steps doesn't work.


LED on keyboard don't light on Thinkapd t480s

Run the following in the terminal
acpi_listen

Now press the button mute button.
Then give use the results likely something like this:
ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000101b

Then open up nano or another text editor.

nano /etc/acpi/events/lenovo-mutemic

And adjust the following for your hotkey.
event=ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000101b
action=/etc/acpi/lenovo-mutemic.sh

Then we need to make a shells script.
  #!/bin/bash
INPUT_DEVICE="'Internal Mic'"
YOUR_USERNAME="place_your_username_here"
if amixer sget $INPUT_DEVICE,0 | grep '\[on\]' ; then
    amixer sset $INPUT_DEVICE,0 toggle
    echo "0 blink" > /proc/acpi/ibm/led
    su $YOUR_USERNAME -c 'DISPLAY=":0.0" notify-send -t 50 \
            -i microphone-sensitivity-muted-symbolic "Mic MUTED"'
else
    amixer sset $INPUT_DEVICE,0 toggle
    su $YOUR_USERNAME -c 'DISPLAY=":0.0" notify-send -t 50 \
            -i microphone-sensitivity-high-symbolic "Mic ON"'
    echo "0 on" > /proc/acpi/ibm/led
fi

Now let's just make it excutable and restart the service.

sudo chmod +x /etc/acpi/lenovo-mutemic.sh
sudo service acpid restart

There are some other methods but this would likely fix the issue.


15.04 - Mounting using CIFS failing with "No such device or address"

Ok, it turns out that the problem was with the DNS resolution of the file server. It was trying to resolve the hostname "DFSAPP03" and failing. In my case the problem was fixed by using a different server address. The error:

cifs_mount failed w/return code = -6

Probably indicates that while the authentication steps are all OK, these is a problem with actually finding the share on the network.


Ubuntu on external PCIe SSD - poor read/write performance

Suggest replacing the cable from the external enclosure to the PC. Pournelle's Law of Cables still holds true today.


This is how I did so:
Edited evdev to:

...
<CAPS> = 37;
...
<LCTL> = 66;
...

<LCTL> = 66 was already there as I wanted caps to be left control. I just made left control produce caps with <CAPS> = 37
and then edited symbols/pc to:

...
key <CAPS> {    [ Hyper_L       ]   };
...

Now I wonder if I can do these changes in a dotfile in my home directory.


Trainer game / drills to master command line?

Something like this?

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# stop on error
set -o errexit

# don't allow unset variables
set -o nounset

# don't overwrite any files
set -o noclobber

# prompt the user
read -p "Proceed? [N/y]: " PROCEED

# make "n" (no) the default
PROCEED=${PROCEED:-"n"}

# convert the user's response to lower case for easier interpretation
# interpret the user's response
if [ "${PROCEED,,}" = 'y' ]; then
    echo "Proceeding..."
else
    echo "Stopping"
    exit 1
fi


Is it safe to change permissions for /usr/share folder?

If you are the only user on your system changing permission /usr/share/themes should be safe. But it's usually a better idea to use your home folder for the files you are working on. Just put your themes in $HOME/.themes/ (create the folder if it doesn't exist), you can use them from there, too.


K - You are loading a library specific to VMWare, so I assume that you need to use that program, like I do.

1st:  Edit /usr/bin/vmware and add the line

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/vmware/lib/libglibmm-2.4.so.1/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

anywhere around the line which says set -e.

If you use VMPlayer, do the same for /usr/bin/vmplayer

Remove the file /etc/ld.so.conf.d/LD_LIBRARY_PATH.conf

Execute the command sudo ldconfig

All should work properly at this point.


Suspicious ethernet "connection established" despite not being plugged in

enp0s25 is a network interface on your computer (an ethernet port).

You were given a 169.254.0.0/16 IP address, which is known as a link-local address. This will usually happen when a network interface is "activated" but doesn't have a static IP and can't get a dynamic IP from the network.

I'd believe the most likely culprit is your driver (accidentally) thinking it was connected, or some script/similar tried to activate your network port with nothing plugged in. The connection itself is normally perfectly harmless, and deleting it seemed to take care of your issue.

If you're worried still, check your Ethernet port to make sure someone didn't plug anything in. It might even just need a bit of cleaning.


The fans by default are not active in any Linux distro, but there is a project that can activate them. See [is] in Github1. The project is mainly focused on arch linux, but it is possible to use it in ubuntu as well. See this issue explaining how to do it.
I have found this this arch linux wiki extremely helpful for all kind of issues related to this laptop. In my case I recently moved from Linux mint to Manjaro and I have to say I got finally the laptop working pretty well.


You asked How to add 'refresh wifi networks' to my connections menu. The simple answer is "You can't". NetworkManager is a system indicator, which means it's written in C, and you have to get source code of this applet, edit it to suit your needs, and recompile.

By contrast, far simpler approach is to take iwlist wlan0 scan command, and bind it to a keyboard shortcut via System Settings -> Keyboard -> Shortcuts -> Custom  menu. Note also that you don't need sudo for this to work.


I had already created 3 virtual machine before 3 months. Now I want to create VM4. In VM4 creation it creation its creating problem. The error is Error: Unable to open config file: /etc/xen/guest4.cfg
Usage: xm create  [options] [vars]

1)    #sudo apt-get install xen-hypervisor-amd64
  2)   #sudo sed -i 's/GRUB_DEFAULT=.+/GRUB_DEFAULT="Xen 4.1-amd64"/'  /etc/default/grub
  3)  #sudo update-grub
  4)   #sudo sed -i 's/TOOLSTACK=.+/TOOLSTACK="xm"/' /etc/default/xen
  5)  Reboot
    #sudo reboot

6) Verify that the installation has succeeded.
   #sudo xm list
  7) Network Configuration
       Xen has been successfully installed
1)
Install LVM

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install lvm2

2)
Create Volume Group and Logical Volume.

sudo mkdir /mnt/vmdisk

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/vmdisk/mydisk1 bs=100M count=10

sudo losetup /dev/loop1 /mnt/vmdisk/mydisk1

sudo pvcreate /dev/loop1

sudo vgcreate -s 512M myvolume-group1 /dev/loop1

sudo lvcreate -L 512M -n mylogical_volume1 myvolume-group1

ls /dev

3)
Get netboot images

sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/xen/images/ubuntu-netboot

cd /var/lib/xen/images/ubuntu-netboot

sudo wget http://mirror.anl.gov/pub/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/xen/initrd.gz

sudo wget http://mirror.anl.gov/pub/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/xen/vmlinuz

4)
Set up the initial guest configuration

vim /etc/xen/ubuntu.cfg

name = "ubuntu"
memory = 256
disk = ['phy:/dev/myvolume-group1/mylogical_volume1,xvda,w']
vif = [' ']
kernel = "/var/lib/xen/images/ubuntu-netboot/vmlinuz"
ramdisk = "/var/lib/xen/images/ubuntu-netboot/initrd.gz"
extra = "debian-installer/exit/always_halt=true -- console=hvc0"

5) (

  The Problem is in this step. its not creating the virtual machine.

)
Start the VM and connect to console (-c).

sudo xm create -c /etc/xen/ubuntu.cfg

6)
List VMs

sudo xm list


Trouble creating an accessible Samba share on a separate data partition

Wow. Some questions are better suited to the Ubuntu forum and this is one of them since we need to have a dialog about this.

All of this chown'ing and chmod'ing of /media and /media/bill circumvented all of the default security measures Linux put in place for these directories. /media/bill has a special permissions setting applied to it - at least it did. Had you looked at the normal permissions "ls -dl /media/bill" first it wouldn't look like even bill would have traverse access because owner=group=root and the permissions would be drwxr-x---+. The key here is the "+" at the end. That signifies that special permissions are in place. The way to find these permissions is with this command:

getfacl -t /media/bill

It would have shown that only bill has the right to traverse the /media/bill directory to get to what is under it where he would be subject to it's permissions. Not sure what it looks like now with all your permissions changes.

If you created a share at /media/bill/nwk-data/users you only have two options - normally:

[1] Use the option force user = bill in the share definition. This will make Debra look like bill to the server so that she can traverse the /media/bill folder.

[2] Mount the partition somewhere else: one level up at /media/nwk-data, /srv/mwk-data, anywhere but unser /media/bill would have worked.

Were this on the forum I would have some questions like what filesystem is mounted at /media/bill/nwk-data and how is the share configured in smb.conf.

EDIT: /media/$USER is set up by the system for every local user. It's purpose is to provide a parent directory for all non-permanent partitions or devices that a user may want to connect to his system.

When for example the user inserts an external USB disk to his machine the system will automatically mount it to /media/$USER/LABEL. The reason for the "special" permissions on /media/$USER is to insure that this device is accessible only to the user who attaches it and no one else. That user has permissions to traverse the /media/$USER directory ( cross the directory ) to get to the /LABEL directory. At that point he is restricted by the permissions of the /LABEL directory.

You can share something under these conditions but you will have to use the "force user" suggestion. Changing permissions on /media/$USER defeats it's purpose. And changing permissions of the system folder /media is just not done.

For an internal partition it's best to mount it somewhere other than under /media/$USER.


Building .deb file: Copy Configurations to User Settings

According to the Debian packaging policy we should not package files for a user's HOME directory:

  The setup will differ from host to host. Therefore, no program should rely on this location.

This makes sense because a package is unaware of users on the system it is going to be installed on.

Of course we are allowed to store our configuration files. If it were for a per-user configuration a .config/<nameofapp> directory is the appropriate place. We have to create this path from within our application.

Default settings templates or system wide settings may be distributed as DATA with the package.

System-wide host configurations may be stored in /etc.


How do I create a VPN connection using only the terminal (SSH)?

As I didn't understand what you need to do exactly, let me explain how VPN works:

To have a VPN you need a VPN Server (where you connect to) and a VPN Client (the machine you use to connect to the Server). You can't create a connection without a VPN server.
We have 3 possibilities here:

You want your server to connect to another one (a VPN Server). In this case you need a client and as there are different VPN types, you need to follow instructions from the VPN Server administrator.
You want to connect to your server from another machine (your local machine probably) and in this case you need to install a VPN server on your server and a client on your machine. For that I use OpenVPN since many years and it works very well with Windows and Ubuntu clients
You want to connect both machines to a hosted VPN server from a 3rd party and in this case as there are many different VPN types, you need to follow the instructions of the 3rd party administrator.

If you only want a "private / encrypted" connection to your server, you already have SSH and you won't have much more with a VPN. A VPN is useful to connect to a network as if you were a local machine in the network and not so useful to connect to a single machine where you can use SSH connections for terminals (and redirect graphic output to your screen if the server has graphic desktop) and SSH tunnels to access other ports. For example tunneling with SSH a local port on your machine to port 3306 on the remote server to administer MySQL with a 100% encrypted connection instead of using phpmyadmin sending your DB root password over http.

PPTP Update:

For PPTP client via command line, you can use pptp-linux client:

sudo apt-get install pptp-linux

There are many tutorials on how to configure it:

Edited after comments from OP:
Ubuntu community help site worked.

Others are available like PPTP Linux client. The tutorial is for command line client or GUI client so install only pptp-linux and not network-manager-pptp

pptp-linux site instructions for Debian is also detailed for command line and should work without problem on Ubuntu.


Memory Usage statistics different in free and htop

Main difference is htop counts cached memory and buffers into free memory, whereas free command does not.
 That would give using free command

  4980 - 3025 - 903 = 1052 used memory

that gives pretty close results with 1076 from htop. Difference can be explained here. (That explains it on openSUSE I think on Ubuntu it will be nearly same), or if you are not running both commands at the same time.

Here is explanation why buffers and cached memory is sometimes considered free.


this details how to use google translate to download a mp3 file.
And you can use the mp123 command to play the file.


Ubuntu 18.04 Grub 2 Installation error on fresh install

So I was able to find a solution to the issue for those that are in the same boat as me.

I installed Ubuntu 16.04 LTS then proceeded to upgrade to 18.04 which resulted in a working distribution without receiving the GRUB installation error during the fresh install.


Make idiom using colon (:) and percent (%) in variable expansion

It's a substitution reference. In this specific case, its intent appears to be to remove quotes from the variable. Ex. given

BAR := "quotedstring"

FOO := $(BAR:"%"=%)

all:
    $(info $$BAR is $(BAR))
    $(info $$FOO is $(FOO))

then

$ make
$BAR is "quotedstring"
$FOO is quotedstring
make: 'all' is up to date.

See also How to Convert a Quoted String to a Normal One in Makefile?


I just installed 18.04 and the drivers worked fine. Thanks for your replies though!


Ubuntu 13.10 screen flashing and is not going to login screen after I installed AMD Catalyst driver

Please refer to this post:
FLGRX (AMD Catalyst) driver issues in Ubuntu 12.04
It's for 12.04, but it should also work on 13.10.


Your ati card is not supported by fglrx any more.
Please remove fglrx. Now, to be on the safe side, you have to reinstall libgl1-mesa-dri and libgl1-mesa-glx:

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dri libgl1-mesa-glx

To get better performance with unity, please try unity2d (you can select unity2d by logging out and choosing unity2d in ubuntu's greeter window:

Just click on that gear thingy and you can choose unity2d.


Video problems switching from 10.04 to 12.04

how are you trying to switch? Did you do this gradually upgrading from 10.04 to 10.10 to 11.04 to 11.10 to 12.04? or are you doing a clean install of 12.04? Because if you're trying to upgrade from 10.04 you have to do this gradually. How to Upgrade correctly.


I can't upgrade kernel on Ubuntu Server 14.04.1

Everyone: Do not use the code in the question!

It purges an arbitrary amount of packages, on my system it would have purged:

linux-image-3.14.18
linux-image-3.16.6
linux-image-3.17.1
linux-image-3.2.0-4-686-pae
linux-image-686-pae
linux-libc-dev:i386

... and this includes the kernel I'm running at the moment! Probably the only thing keeping it from removing the running kernel is the "are you 100% really sure" message apt outputs - I saw it once but can't remember the wording...
What the hell is that weird command supposed to do anyway?

Actual answer

So you upgraded, which installed a new kernel, then removed that kernel using apt and then rebooted?

No problem then, just install the new kernel again using apt-get install linux-image-3.13.0-39-generic (I imagine you didn't run the lowlatency kernel).

Be sure to also install linux-image-extra-3.13.0-39-generic.


Programms keep crashing and after a while laptop freezes or crashes

I had the same problem, in a Ubuntu 16.04 with a GTX 1070. Solved it by erasing all traces of Nvidia drivers and going back to Nouveau.

If you need to use your GPU, try downgrading your drivers to a different version. 367 seems stable enough.

If that does not work, an extreme solution is to go back to Ubuntu 14.04. That's what I did on my laptop, as I need to use CUDA and CuDNN.

Refer to this question for more details on how to reinstall your Nvidia drivers and subsequent errors that might appear on your computer.


Yes, your PC is more than able to dual boot. Perhaps give a thought to Xubuntu, although I don't think that's necessary.

As for your second question -- HD is demanding. The fact that all newer PCs are able to effortlessly play it does not make it any less astoundingly resource intensive. Given your hardware, I estimate it's going to be difficult to get HD playing fluently. But -- that's no reason for not trying :)


Start from the live cd then chroot the system and check /home. Chroot is essentially the procedure described on https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCdRecovery in the section Update Failure. In addition to this guide mount /home too.
If you can't see a folder with your previous username in /home then you lost your data.
During recovery if you choose the same username as before then don't even bother to try the procedure above because your data is gone anyway.


How do I set up QT Creator to use launchpad?

Register your project here: https://launchpad.net/projects/+new
Push to your project: bzr push lp:projectname

If the name of your project is myprogram then the URL to push to is bzr push lp:myprogram

This assumes you already have a Launchpad account and you have authorized your SSH key. If that's not the case, these are the steps to get that done too:

On Launchpad homepage click on Login in / Register in the top-right corner
On your profile homepage, click on the pencil icon next to SSH keys
Copy and paste your SSH public key in the Add an SSH key box. Your SSH public key is usually in the file ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub on your computer.
Tell your bzr command your Launchpad user id, so that when you run bzr push or bzr commit commands on a Launchpad URL it can make the association between your PC account and your Launchpad account:

bzr lp-login yourlpusername

Where yourlpusername is the username you created on Launchpad.

Comment if any of this doesn't work as expected!


How can I install 12.10 on a Sony Vaio Ultrabook (Windows 8)

New Vaio Ultrabook with UEFI?
I changed my BIOS to legacy prior to installing.

The steps to reproduce on my vaio were from powered down, hold down the Assist key to power it up.
Brings up a slew of options, with BIOS being one of them.

Change your BIOS from UEFI to Legacy and see if that corrects the issue?


Ubuntu 18.04 - Swap space not used, Gnome freezing

The problem was actually coming from my VirtualBox Windows VMs making too many I/Os causing gnome to wait its turn to come. I switched to KVM through virt-manager, using virtio drivers, and everything is a lot faster, no freeze anymore.

I checked the difference of performances using Passmark, they are huge:


This looks like you probably installed the chris-lea node.js ppa which is fine. However, you don't install npm from that ppa as it breaks the way debian packages work. Instead, just install nodejs. Once that's installed, run npm -v you should see it's now installed. If you didn't use the chris-lea ppa update your question on what webpage you Googled to find out how to install nodejs on Ubuntu.


I find an anser at the step 4 of this tutorial https://www.alanreed.org/2019/07/11/edit-and-export-multi-page-pdfs-with-gimp-2019/
It look be cause by a security setting, to disable it rename the file /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml by /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xmlout
for exemple.
Then you can convert your file.


Can I get Ubuntu One to automatically download and sync a folder?

Just put all the files you want to have synchronised in the Ubuntu One folder in your home folder.

The folder synchronise across all devices/laptops/desktops that are logged into Ubuntu One. Just don't switch between devices too quickly. Syncing takes time.


How can I run Microsoft Office 2010 in Ubuntu 13.10?

The easiest way to install Microsoft Office is by using Play On Linux. Go to software center and type playonlinux, it's important to type it without spaces. Install it. Open it, it will ask to install some aditionall packages, install them. Then, click on install(+ icon). In search, enter Office, or something similar, click on version of office that you want, and click install. Follow very simple instructions. Play on Linux will configure everything else for you. I use Microsoft office 2010 on ubuntu 13.10, and it works without problems, and this is the easiest way to install it, since you don't have to configure wine.


it's something in the kernel.  booting into -17 rather than the new -18 solves the problem (i had the same issue)...

This is after a kernel upgrade which happened yesterday. The following Launchpad bug tracks that

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/972821

And here the patch for solving the issue.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/972821/comments/10

The patched kernel solved the problem for me. I think, the next kernel upgrade should resolve it.


Let us a little bit clean. It is not a good behavior to erase log files.

sudo journalctl --rotate --vacuum-time=1sec

  rotate means Journal file rotation
             has the effect that all currently active journal files are marked as archived and renamed.

  --vacuum-time Removes all archived journal files contain no data older than the specified timespan

sudo nano /etc/systemd/journald.conf

make sure Storage=auto
is set. After your next cold boot please

sudo journalctl --rotate --vacuum-time=1sec

again.

 sudo ufw logging off

This set the logging from ufw off, only logging not the firewall itselfs.

sudo logrotate -dfv /etc/logrotate.d/

this forces logrotate to make his job (rotate logfiles) Please take a look in the manpage.

man logrotate

have an eye next time to your /var/log/syslog and /var/log/kern.log

If they grow again

tail -n60 /var/log/syslog

for syslog

tail -n60 /var/log/kern.log

for kern.log


This morning, I experienced the same problem.  Thanks to Luis de Sousa's answer (sudo texhash), I am now able to use LaTeX again.  I'm posting some screenshots to justify his comment.

Background (TL;DR)

I had TeXLive properly installed on Xubuntu 18.04.  The command dpkg -l tex* showed tex-common, texlive-xetex, etc.

Problem

Same as OP's problem.

After sudo texhash

The problem has gone.


Setting up Minecraft server to start and stop automatically

Upstart scripts need to end in .conf. To rename your file, run:

sudo mv /etc/init/minecraft-server /etc/init/minecraft-server.conf

...followed by:

sudo initctl reload-configuration


Thats weird.You could try to remove the desktop's visual effects system -> preferences -> Appearance ->Visual Effects-none which may remove those lines.I was having a similar issue on my ubuntu 11.10 and because i dont have the best graphics card ever that did help somehow.


Dual Boot (Bootloader Problem) UEFI, Windows 10 and Ubuntu GNOME

Have you tried boot-repair? Google boot-repair. You can download a bootable  ISO image that you can load to a CD or USB drive. This can fix grub for you. Be sure to look at the online suggestions.

http://www.howtogeek.com/114884/how-to-repair-grub2-when-ubuntu-wont-boot/


How do I upgrade to the development release (aka. Ubuntu+1)?

The truly command line way is (e.g. if you don't have a gui):

sudo do-release-upgrade -d

where -d means update to a development version

  do-release-upgrade [options]

  DESCRIPTION

   Upgrade  the  operating system to the latest release from the command-line.
   This is the preferred command if the machine has no graphic environment
   or if the machine is to be upgraded over a remote connection.

  OPTIONS

   -h, --help
          show help message and exit

   -d, --devel-release
          Check if upgrading to the latest devel release is possible


How to display line numbers in Nano text editor

Ctrl+C will show the current line/column once, and Meta+C (usually Alt+C) will toggle a continuous line/column display on and off.

Ctrl+_ (that's underscore, so on most keyboard layouts that's Ctrl+Shift+-) will prompt you to jump to a specific line number.


Can't connect internet 16.04 and ping doesn't work

First of all, start troubleshooting by pinging your loopback address to make sure that your TCP/IP protocol stack is working properly:

$ ping -c 4 -i 1 127.0.0.1

Temporarily, configure your network interface (this will not survive a reboot, that's why I say temporarily):

$ sudo ifconfig [INTERFACE] 10.0.2.200 netmask 0xffff0000 broadcast 10.0.255.255

Ping your new IP address to see that it's working:

$ ping -c 4 -i 1 10.0.2.200

On another computer, do the same thing (assign it an address of 10.0.2.201) and try pining the 10.0.2.200 host from it. Then report what kind of results you observe. I'll amend my post as you progress in your troubleshooting activities. At this point there is not much that can be said given the scarce information we've been provided.


Ubuntu shows as first priority boot option but keeps loading into windows, which is second priority

You can check the fast boot settings in BIOS, and the Power Settings Turn on fast startup in Windows and disable them. That fixed a similar issue for me.


Difference between apt-get and apt-cache

apt-cache is for queries, i.e. for searching packages and getting details like dependencies or versions.

apt-get is for, well getting it, installing, package management in general.

The tasks of apt-get and apt-cache are nowadays handled by apt (via e.g. apt install and apt search).

Check them man entries of either for more details.


pdftoppm creates output files in the directory where You run it. So if You simply open a terminal, You always start at Your home directory. This:

user@pc:~$ pdftoppm -png file.pdf prefix

should create png file(s) in home directory (~ is the same as /home/user) with name(s) starting with prefix.

I've just checked it on my machine (Xubuntu 15.04) - it works like a charm.


System76 and ZaReason make laptops exclusively for Ubuntu.


Why does ubuntu-restricted-extras want to remove some libav packages?

Because -extra versions of these libraries will be installed instead, to provide additional functionality
Installing ubuntu-restricted-extras will, among other things, replace libavcodec53/libavutil51 with libavcodec-extra-53 and libavutil-extra-51.
The -extra versions contain all the functionality of the removed regular versions; as their name suggests, they add functionality which may be covered by patents and therefore cannot be included in the regular versions. In that respect, they are a "strict superset".
The main difference is the addition of encoders for MP3, AAC, H.264 and Xvid
A quick diff between the versions of avconv included in the regular/extra libraries revealed the primary difference to be the addition of encoding functionality (creation) for the following codecs/formats:

MP3 audio
AAC audio
AMR wideband audio
H.264 video
Xvid video
Dirac video

A decoder for JPEG2000-based videos is also added.


I installed and uninstalled ubuntu and now i can not merge 2 volumes?

How can I make a Ubuntu Live USB with Ubuntu, GParted & HBCD? shows how to create a LiveUSB distro.

Once the LiveUSB is ready, boot from the LiveUSB and then launch gparted which will enable changing the partitions on your hard drive, as long as the empty space is contiguous with the other ext4 partition.


Dell Laptop Won't Suspend When Lid Closed (Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS)

I had the same problem, I even tried to kill gsd-power. Then the inhibit-block was removed and the laptop did go to sleep on lid close, but on the downside some of the special keys (e.g. for setting the brightness) stopped working.
So my fix was to set IgnoreLid=true at the bottom of /etc/UPower/UPower.conf.
I hope this helps :)


USB Microphone AKG Perception 120 not detected on Ubuntu 18.04

There was an issue with the USB cable connecting the Microphone to my machine.

AKG Perception 120's seems to still work fine under Ubuntu 18.04.


It is booting from your Hard Disk Drive probably because of the BIOS boot priority order.

Go into your BIOS (by pressing F2) and go to the "Boot" sub menu.

There, you can find the boot-order. To boot from a CD/DVD/LiveUSB, you will need to move the boot medium to the top of the boot priority list. This is usually done by highlighting the boot device (here, DVD/CD Drive) and then pressing F5 or F6 to move the highlighted device up/down.

Get the bootable medium to the top (in this case, your CD), Save and Exit changes. Your copy of Ubuntu will now boot from the CD. Also try booting from a LiveUSB.

If that doesn't work either, read on :

Assuming that you have a desktop, I suggest you to pull out the CMOS battery for 5 minutes and put it back again. Make sure all your connections are proper.This error is likely due to a hardware failure or loose contact. P.S : If you don't know what a CMOS battery is, take a look here.


Ubuntu Server 18.04: fstab entry for root partition has passno = 0

My guess is this is due to bug #1785354: "/etc/fstab: fs_passno is 0 for all file systems". So yes, you should probably correct it.


No borders around buttons in dark themes in Lubuntu

I've found out that the theme is not compatible with this version of GTK+. Lubuntu has versions 2.24 and 3.22.

I googled "dark theme gtk 3.22", and found that Adapta works fine.


Terraria error: No suitable graphics card found

As is mentioned in this post, you can get terraria working in Ubuntu with wine by following these quoted steps:
All you need is:

Wine 1.7.X
Microsoft .Net package 3.5 and 4
The Microsoft XNA package.

Make sure you have downloaded the complete wine from either Ubuntu Software Center or another source.

Download and install wine. Then download the WINDOWS version of Steam (Has a extension .exe or .msi), install it, run it and log in, verify all the things you need to and start downloading terraria.

While waiting for the download, go to your Configure Wine menu and a XP looking window should come up.
Click on graphics. Then check the first box (Automatically capture the mouse in full-screen windows.

Once Terraria has finished, Install .NET and XNA setups you have just downloaded. Terraria relies on these!

Run Terraria and everything should work!
Enjoy!
This also works with games like CS:GO except they don't need XNA or .NET!


I have set Grub timeout is 4 sec. But sometimes, grub start to boot after 30 secs. Why? What's wrong?

It happens on hard reset or forced reboot.

The value of 30 seconds is set in /etc/grub.d/00_header

  set timeout=${GRUB_RECORDFAIL_TIMEOUT:-30}

If you want to change it, you have to specify your own value in /etc/default/grub

sudo editor /etc/default/grub

Add new line:

GRUB_RECORDFAIL_TIMEOUT=4

and update grub:

update-grub2


Install "synaptic".
Search synaptic to ensure "bluez" is installed.
Use synaptic to search and install "blueman".
reboot.
If no icon in task bar, search for "bluetooth manager" in your apps, and start it. Follow the screens to connect your device.


using `growisofs` to burn a blu-ray from an .ISO

10040 is much too large for a MMC profile number.
... diving into growisofs.c and growisofs_mmc.cpp ...

This is a synthetic code made up by growisofs.
Obviously it means "blank BD-ROM", which is quite a
strange state.

Only plausible theory for now:
The drive can only read but not write BD media.
A "combo drive". The Samsung RF711 laptop is advertised
with "DVD super multi" drive or "blu-ray playback".
chip.de reports about a "Blu-ray-Combo" drive.

The drive manufacturer and model name should be told

dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/dvdrw 2>&1 | fgrep INQUIRY

Like

INQUIRY:            [HL-DT-ST][BD-RE  BH16NS40 ][1.00]

The following command should tell the list of supported
profiles:

dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/dvdrw extra 2>&1 | fgrep -A 8  'GET [CUR'

A BD burner would report profiles 43, 42, 41, 40. Like

0000:  00 43 01 00 00 42 00 00 00 41 00 00 00 40 00 00

A BD combo would only report 40. Like

0000:  00 40 01 00 00 2b 00 00 00 1b 00 00 00 1a 00 00


HDMI sound option disappears when I install the latest updates to Ubuntu Vivid 15

The 3.19.0-18 kernel has a bug that breaks HDMI sound on intel HDA. Rollback your kernel by running

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.19.0-18-generic

Note this will also remove linux-generic* and linux-image-generic* which means Ubuntu will never offer to upgrade your kernel ever again, so you need to remember to check if it's fixed in a new kernel in a couple days and reinstall those packages.


modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'nvidia_384': Exec format error

The following answer (I already posted it under another problem) might not be useful to you since I'm lack of knowledge about your error stacks, but will post here in case that it could help.

I ran into a similar problem with nvidia-390 after installing some Ubuntu Kernel updates in March. I followed the instructions here and managed to solve the problem. In general, use the following steps:

If you cannot login to the desktop and fall into to the fail-loop, press ctrl + alt + F1 to login into the command line mode.
Check if the if the version of gcc is outdated, if so, update it: gcc --version
If the gcc version is 5+, uninstall the nvidia driver first: sudo apt-get remove nvidia-390
Purge the 4.4.0-116 kernel: sudo apt-get purge linux-headers-4.4.0-116 linux-headers-4.4.0-116-generic linux-image-4.4.0-116-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-116-generic linux-signed-image-4.4.0-116-generic
Reinstall the kernel: sudo apt-get install linux-generic linux-signed-generic
Reinstall the nvidia-390: sudo apt-get install nvidia-390
Check if the problem is solved by modinfo nvidia-387 -k 4.4.0-116-generic | grep vermagic, make sure retpoline shows up this time
Reboot: sudo reboot

Hope this works for you and other people who run into the same issue. The post in the forum saved my weekend.


How to make terminal one desktop and unity another

Open the terminal window "Control + Alt + T" and ensure it's running on your laptop screen, if not drag it to your laptop screen and press the F11 key which will make the terminal full screen on your laptop. Your standard unity window will be displayed on the second screen. I use this with my 14.04 triple screen setup and it works great.


You should run

sudo npm install -g @angular/cli


What to do when my scope does not fit into any master scope?

After a discussion I had on IRC Freenode #ubuntu-unity I have now a solution which I wanted to share.

It is fairly easy to turn an ordinary scope into a master scope. To start just create a normal scope e.g. by following the scope tutorial.

The only thing which needs to be different is the scope file. Instead of copying it into a specific scope your directly copy it into /usr/share/unity/scopes/. Additionally in the scope file add IsMaster in the scope section

[Scope]
...
IsMaster=true

As a master scope can define its own filters and categories add those as needed to your scope file as well. Here an example I copied from the files.scope file:

[Category recent]
Name=Recent
Icon=/usr/share/icons/unity-icon-theme/places/svg/group-recent.svg
DedupField=uri

[Filter type]
Name=Type
Type=filter-checkoption
SortType=display-name
OptionIDs=documents;folders;images;audio;videos;presentations;other;
OptionNames=Documents;Folders;Images;Audio;Videos;Presentations;Other;

Per default won't your new master scope show up as an icon on the dash. If you want to do so you will need to change gsettings which you can do with the following command:

gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Dash scopes "['home.scope', 'applications.scope', 'files.scope', 'video.scope', 'music.scope', 'photos.scope', 'social.scope', 'mynewmaster.scope']"

Replace mynewmaster.scope with the name of your scope. Done.


DNS ERROR using Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox in Ubuntu 12.10

Does the name resolution work from the terminal at all?

Open the terminal and type host google.com which should print its IP address.
If that works it's likely to be a browser configuration/proxy/etc. related problem.
If that doesn't work, run cat /etc/resolv.conf and make sure there's at least one line that starts with nameserver and is followed by an IP address.
If there's no line like this, either your resolvconf is misconfigured, or your DHCP server doesn't offer the DNS resolvers.
If there is a nameserver x.x.x.x try querying that resolver with host google.com x.x.x.x and if it fails try the Google DNS: host google.com 8.8.8.8.

I assume you have your interface configured, so that you have a default route and you can communicate with it.


What password is the Other Locations window is asking for to connect to my Mac files?

Ok, so I'm done with that problem. I had to add an admin password on my Mac, close Ubuntu, close the VM session, restarted the Mac, restarted the VM Ubuntu session , changed the username to the Mac admin username and entered the new password I installed. Ouff, lucky I didn't have to sacrifice a chicken.


Ati Radeon HD 3200 Graphics driver - Installation Problem

This line is tricky..

debconf libstdc++6 dkms libqtgui4 wget execstack libelfg0 dh-modaliases

is actually a continuation on for the previous line. So it should be

sudo apt-get install build-essential cdbs fakeroot dh-make debhelper debconf libstdc++6 dkms libqtgui4 wget execstack libelfg0 dh-modaliases

in one line


Installing Ubuntu on Toshiba Satellite with Windows 8

I also have Toshiba. It's annoying that they lock almost all the things in there BIOS. But you can just create a partition with your windows OS. Later come back to ubuntu installation and use this partition for installing ubuntu (Don't forget to partition this partition into two. 2GB for swap (u can assign more if you want)and rest as ext4 or ext3 whatever you like). This should solve your problem.


missing packages in ubuntu when i try to install virtualbox

You have Kali in your sources list. If we look up debconf for Xenial (16.04), the latest version is 1.5.58ubuntu1 at the time of this writing. You have a newer debconf, probably from kali.

Kali's Packages list indicates that the latest version of debconf in kali is 1.5.66.

You probably also have perl-base from kali repository. perl-base is listed as breaking debconf << 1.5.61.

The problem is that you have multiple repositories with mutually exclusive dependencies - which will create problems. Kalis repositories is supposed to provide the whole system, not only parts of it.

You may have a look at this answer which discusses how to remove all packages from a particular repository, so that you can remove all Kali packages from your system, which should enable you to install virtualbox.


From the direction your tone went in that post, you seem to be attached more to the data you lost from the purge rather than the actual uninstall of wine itself.

Try not to use that PC until you have a second partition or USB drive with adequate space to recover the files to.  Then make your way over to here and download TestDisk and/or PhotoRec to recover the files you lost.

Here is a step-by-step from their page

There are plenty of recovery solutions out there too if this is too intricate for you.  I wish I had more options to offer but I'm sure I won't be the only one answering here for you.

Make sure when you recover those files that you save them to a different drive or partition so they aren't over-written by each other in the process.


Trouble Installing 12.10 on a GA-990FXA-UD3 Base Machine: Network and USB Don't Work

Go to your Bios suppr or del when you turn on your computer, and when in Bios look for "network stack" and set it to "enable."

Also look for "iommu controller"  and set it to "enable."

Press f10 to save and reset.

Maybe go on to the Realtek web site and download Linux drivers:

http://www.realtek.com/downloads/downloadsView.aspx?Langid=1&PNid=5&PFid=5&Level=5&Conn=4&DownTypeID=3&GetDown=false#2


Libreoffice calc initial window size problem

In addition to DK Bose's answer, in case you want to manipulate the file manually:

You are right, window size (and position) are stored in ~/.config/libreoffice/4/user/registrymodifications.xcu when you close the last window of e.g. Calc.

The prop is called ooSetupFactoryWindowAttributes, and there is one for each document type (Drawing, Presentation, Spreadsheet, Text) (and one for the StartModule).

For example, the following line describes the WindowAttributes of Impress:

<item oor:path="/org.openoffice.Setup/Office/Factories/org.openoffice.Setup:Factory['com.sun.star.presentation.PresentationDocument']"><prop oor:name="ooSetupFactoryWindowAttributes" oor:op="fuse"><value>56,29,1864,1051;53;56,29,1864,1051;</value></prop></item>

The value of that prop can be interpreted as follows:

x-pos,y-pos,width,height;window-state;maximized-x-pos,maximized-y-pos,maximized-width,maximized-height;

Position and size are pixels, window-state is the decimal representation of a 7-bit bitmask, where, according to the vcl source code (API documentation available here):

Normal         = 0x0001,
Minimized      = 0x0002,
Maximized      = 0x0004,
Rollup         = 0x0008,
MaximizedHorz  = 0x0010,
MaximizedVert  = 0x0020,
FullScreen     = 0x0040,

The 53 in the example above means:

53(dec) == 110101(bin) == Normal|Maximized|MaximizedHorz|MaximizedVert

You can change those values manually, but probably not all of them will be respected. On my Kubuntu 18.04, only width,height, Minimized, Maximized[Horz|Vert] and Rollup have any effect.


Why is it every time i try to download something its says error

If you're trying to open a .exe file, it's likely not going to work. Ubuntu uses different files to install software. In particular, iTunes is not developed for Ubuntu or any distribution of Linux. See here for the difference between installing software on Ubuntu versus Windows.

To browse and install Software, check out the Software Center. More information here.

You can browse the packages available for Ubuntu here: https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/.


Screen Resolution Problem with Ubuntu 14.04 and VirtualBox 5.0.10

You need to install Guest additions display Driver

open up a terminal and type in

sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-dkms

and then reboot.

sudo reboot


Help in manually adding Windows 8.1 to grub loader

There is no Ubuntu operating system shown in the pastebin output.
There also is no Windows operating system in the pastebin output.
Just guessing - did you install Ubuntu using the Wubi application ?

Rebuild the BCD store and install Ubuntu the recommended way.
This is a slightly chance to getting your problem - partly - solved.
Otherwise you have to reinstall Windows and after that Ubuntu.

Boot from the Windows (DVD/USB) installation media.
On Install now screen choose Repair your computer.
In the Recovery Options select Command Prompt.

Execute the following commands:

bootrec.exe /fixboot
bootrec.exe /rebuildbcd

Boot from the Ubuntu (DVD/USB) installation media.
Select Try Ubuntu without installing, on the desktop,
Open GParted, generate sufficient space for Ubuntu.
Delete unnecessary partitions - only you know which.
Close GParted and now start the Ubuntu installation.


Command 'yapf' not found, but can be installed

I prefer official ubuntu packages to pip installed ones.

A search on ubuntu package repository shows many candidates.

For 18.04 looks like there are different packages for python2 and python3.
Since it seems you're using python3, try with

sudo apt install yapf3 python3-yapf


locate command does not use the filesystem directly, it uses a database which is updated periodically by a background process:

  locate  reads  one or more databases prepared by updatedb(8) and
  writes file names matching at least one of the PATTERNs to standard output, one per line.
  ...

  By  default,  locate  does  not check whether files found in database still exist.  locate can never report
  files created after the most recent update of the relevant database.

So I guess this is an artifact of the actual filesystem state and what locate thinks of the filesystem being out of sync.

To search the filesystem directly you can use find command.


GRUB issues - How to get back to windows boot manager

If you use UEFI, you can boot Windows from the BIOS. (Press F12 or F10 or Escape directly after your cimputer starts)


Doesn't your VirtualBox-Window have any scroll bars? Otherwise, test the different display settings in virtual box (fullscreen, ...) - one might work.

Once you have your OS set up, you can add the virtualbox guest additions. If everything works as intended, you should be able to resize your virtualbox window and your guest os will adapt its display / screen resolution to it. My experience is that this usually works on major window managers/desktops, albeit with some small glitches.


Here is your device:

  ID 0bda:1724 Realtek Semiconductor Corp.

It is covered by the driver 8723au which must be compiled from source. First, verify that you have the prerequisites installed:

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic

You need to verify that both are installed before we proceed. If so, download this file and move it to your desktop: https://github.com/lwfinger/rtl8723au/archive/kernel_version.zip Right-click it and select 'Extract Here.' Now, in the terminal:

cd ~/Desktop/rtl8723au-kernel-version
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe 8723au

Please post any errors or other snags. I will have another edit.


Ubuntu 14.04 clear list of recent files in Dash

In order to clear usage data from the dash you can open Security & Privacy:

Then select Clear Usage Data and select the desired time frame:

You can also disable all monitoring of files from this configuration menu or deselect specific file-types on the left side.


grub error: /boot/grub2/i386-pc/normal.mod not found

I solved this problem by using a different method to make the bootable USB.

The best software for this is unetbootin.


This is some odd backtrace. I see calloc() which calls… __start_google_malloc()! At first I even thought that backtrace is upside down, but probably it's alright. They probably have used their own calloc() function. In particular I don't see there a path to glibc where the "common" calloc() resides.

Anyways, what I can tell you from the backtrace — the crash happens somewhere deep in their own app, so it's a bug in VS Code. You can either build VS Code with debug symbols to find out what's wrong yourself, or report a bug to their github.

  Running "code" in Terminal gives zero output when this happens too.

Yeah, it's a typical design flaw of all electron-based apps, they run lots of processes for no reason, and do not redirect the output to stdout/stderr. If you're lucky enough, you can try to connect to the process using gdb and pgrep -f before it gets crashed. It would pause the process, then you can use continue to, well, continue; and when it gets crashed you can use ls -l /proc/processpid/fd to view all files opened by the debuggee — hopefully one of them would be the log in which case you'll see a symlink in the output.

It's interesting though that Electron is based on Chromium, which runs lots of processes too (it have a reason though). But terminal output in the original Chromium does work! So does it in all QtWebEngine-based apps (which is also a framework based on Chromium). I am curious how did Electron manage to break it.


Altering files kept on Windows through Ubuntu?

Any files you move on your drives using the live cd will be moved on these drives. In other words, these files are "moved in windows as well" to use your words.

There are a few things that you want to go about carefully, though:

Copy rather than cut your files. If something is wrong with the harddrive you might lose files while cutting.
Make sure you backup the D drive before you format the C drive. We have people coming in here every week with data loss because they don't fully understand all the implications of partition (and they are many).
Take into account that some files might have windows specific permissions. So don't just expect to copy-paste all your stuff and have it work out of the box. Word files, images, videos, and all that should be fine, but app data might not.
Why not stick with Ubuntu?


Modern Ubuntu home media, security, and automation center

You probably won't find one single distro with all those specific features, but you can probably install them if they can be found in the/a repository.

I don't know if Myth TV can be integrated with Netflix, but
Plex might, although it's not free.
Remote access to the server can be achieved with SSH (a secured connection)
which is worth learning to use.

You will have to research the features/software packages, since most people won't have a all-in-one solution handy for you. Most things should be possible on Ubuntu Server 14.04 LTS 64-bit from what I've seen.


I know that you asked this some time ago, but try to add the following code in your /etc/tor/torrc file:

UseBridges 1

This will activate the use of bridges. I had this very problem recently, I added this command in the tor config file and it started using bridges again.

Try it.


How file permissions are stored in inode?

The downloaded file will have the permissions depending on the system A settings (umask). Basically at the moment the file is copied the file belongs to the user on A.
To be more accurate, the data from the file is transferred to the ftp client on system A. Only the data, not the metadata (in the Inode) that holds access rights, ownership, create/access/modify date .... and other stuff.
I could download the file via ftp and store it on a non unix file system (FAT) for example, that has none or a completely different security mechanism.

So basically in your case the ftp protocol is the problem.

If you want to transfer the ownership info as well you could use tarfor example to archive the file including (almost) all metadata. Then transfer the archive to A and extract it with the appropriate options to keep the original ownerships.


HP envy x360 15.6 touchscreen will not work

As best I can tell, this model M6-AR004DX has an ELAN0732 I2C touchscreen controller.  The module hid_multitouch (when manually loaded with modprobe) doesn't do anything, nor does elants_i2c.  I found some other kernel bug reports from late last year pertaining to the gpio interrupts on the AMD processor, which this thing apparently relies on, not working correctly, but that was supposedly fixed.  Now it just silently fails to be detected.

You can see if this is the device by examining the directory /sys/bus/i2c/devices

Also, if you are trying to use NetworkManager to setup your WiFi on this particular laptop, and are having problems where the adapter seemingly doesn't want to stay enabled, you should check for the existence of and remove the module acer_hid.  lsmod | grep -i acer, if there's anything in the list lsmod -r that sucker and see if NetworkManager works normally.  If it does, blacklist that module and it will stay fixed upon reboot.

FWIW, I had both of these problems using the Ubuntu 16.04 LTS live media, as well as a recent Arch Linux install.


Ubuntu 11.04 displays white lines when falling to prompt

There are a couple of boot options you should try:

nomodeset and xforcevesa - you can try each individually or together.

See my linked answer below on how to add a boot option to grub.

Linked Question:

How do I set 'nomodeset' after I've already installed Ubuntu?


Transferring a New System to New Hardware?

When moving to completely new hardware, it is recommended to do a completely fresh install.  Many Linux distributions have customization and optimization based on different hardware detected upon installation.  Even if everything seems to be running fine, your system could be running more slowly due to poor optimization, or new features not being enabled, etc.
One benefit of migration is that you can keep the old system alive until the new system is performing as you wish.  If you update the existing machine, you can bring it to a broken state, which would make it harder to replicate or pull information from it.
On the new system, simply get the OS running.  Then, one by one, get each application you wish to run working properly.  Instead of trying to install everything at once and potentially run into many issues, take each program, one at a time, and get it working.  I hope it's clear how this will help with your sanity and identifying and tackling issues.
You may notice that things work out of the box that used to require manual intervention.  For example, maybe you haven't messed with any Xorg files, but your monitor works.  This is an example of when blindly copying all the config files at once would be bad.  Don't adjust things that work until you have reason.
There are a few things that may help with migrating, however.  For example, configurations for various programs can be found in each user's ~/.config directory.  Unfortunately this isn't true for every program, and some may store their settings elsewhere.  This is why having the old system up and running is handy.
You may have special system configurations, or system-wide configurations for different applications.  It's good to keep track of these files yourself, but you can use the following command to help remind yourself:
dpkg-query -W -f='${Conffiles}\n' '*' | awk 'OFS="  "{print $2,$1}' | md5sum -c 2>/dev/null | awk -F': ' '$2 !~ /OK/{print $1}'

Another approach may be to use directories and different partitions to isolate data in ways that make targeting system or application data erasure possible.

While you're not actually upgrading, take a look at the previous LTS to current LTS upgrade documentation (ie: 18.04 to 20.04 Upgrade Docs) to see if there are any big changes.  Large changes will be found here, such as the switch to systemctl.  The maintainers try very hard to make new releases similar/compatible, but sometimes big changes require some manual steps.


You can manually update your Ubuntu by running the following commands in a Terminal ( Ctrl+Alt+T ):

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Additionally you can run:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


My computer freezes very often when I watch videos on youtube, or if I browse the web

NOTE: These instructions are obsolete. The fix has entered the default repositories. If you are still experiencing freezing, your problem is different from the OP's. Please open a new question about it (after reading What should I do when Ubuntu freezes, of course).

Known bug.

Solution:

Open Update Manager
Click the Settings button
Check the box Pre-released updates
Click the Check button in Update Manager
Install the updates
Reboot

Problem solved.

Optional:

Uncheck Pre-released updates in Update Manager settings to avoid getting potentially unstable updates in the future


Unity bar Personal Folder Icon open a new icon on the unity bar when clicked

Ok, I've resolved my problem. I've added some shortcuts to the rightclick, so the icon stayed the same as before. But some instructions have changed, so putting the changes below in the file ~/.local/share/applications/nautilus-home.desktop resolved my problem :

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Home Folder
GenericName=Home Folder
X-GNOME-FullName=Home Folder
Comment=Open your favourite folders in Nautilus
Exec=nautilus %U
Icon=user-home
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=GNOME;GTK;Core;
StartupNotify=true
X-GNOME-Bugzilla-Bugzilla=GNOME
X-GNOME-Bugzilla-Product=nautilus
X-GNOME-Bugzilla-Component=general
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=nautilus

X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=Documents;Downloads;Pictures;Music;Videos;

[Documents Shortcut Group]
Name=Documents
Exec=nautilus Documents/
OnlyShowIn=Unity

[Downloads Shortcut Group]
Name=Téléchargements
Exec=nautilus Téléchargements/
OnlyShowIn=Unity

[Pictures Shortcut Group]
Name=Images
Exec=nautilus Images/
OnlyShowIn=Unity

[Music Shortcut Group]
Name=Musique
Exec=nautilus Musique/
OnlyShowIn=Unity

[Videos Shortcut Group]
Name=Vidéos
Exec=nautilus Vidéos/
OnlyShowIn=Unity

Them relaunching unity :

unity --replace


After Ubuntu 14.04.04 LTS install no internet access

We found the answer to this question on a forum related to the Koha Library system. The Ubuntu package we installed was a LiveCD installation package of Koha 3.22.6 which included Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.

The solution was to run the following command:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure resolvconf

Follow the instructions on the prompt and respond Yes and OK as requested. Then reboot.


How to get the full User Manager in Kubuntu 14.04/System Settings

The program kuser does what I want.  (It would be nice if it could be incorporated into System Settings, though.)


I've experienced the same issue.

Changing the Exec field in ~/.config/autostart/fluxgui.desktop to sh -c "fluxgui >> ~/logflux.txt 2>&1" would allow you to examine the reason for the failure to start-up.

I've got the following traceback:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/fluxgui/fluxgui.py", line 381, in <module>
    app = Fluxgui()
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/fluxgui/fluxgui.py", line 17, in __init__
    self.indicator = Indicator(self)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/fluxgui/fluxgui.py", line 149, in __init__
    self.setup_indicator()
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/fluxgui/fluxgui.py", line 162, in setup_indicator
    'gtk-icon-theme-name')
ValueError: could not find setting

Apparently, this is a known bug. However, a workaround is provided by @sricks:

  This bug is still present. BUT you can fix it by modifying line 162 of
  /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/fluxgui/fluxgui.py.

  Change the theme = line
  to look like theme = 'ubuntu-mono-dark'. If you don't have that theme
  installed, no problem, it just uses a default. Lines 161, 162, and 163
  should look like this:

if gtk.gdk.screen_get_default():
    theme = 'ubunto-mono-dark'
    if theme == 'ubuntu-mono-dark':

This fixed the issue for me.


Problem installing R-base in ubuntu 16.04

I found the problem, in system settings  >> software and updates >> other software I just remove bionic-cran35 packages from the list.


Baobab: disable graphical respresentation on the right?

This is not a proper answer to your question, but if you're only interested in your disk usage without a graphical representation, you could try gt5.

It works in the terminal, and shows you the % usage of directories. Also I like that every time you run it, it tells you which directories have increased or decreased in size. It's nice to keep track when you're trying to do some hard drive clean-up.

sudo apt-get install gt5

And to run it:

gt5

The results open in a terminal browser inside the terminal but you can still use your mouse to browse between directories.


PATH details different in different terminal windows

Environment variables don't escape the shell they're set in. So unless you add it to your ~/.bashrc, no other terminals will see the extra entry in $PATH


How to change Mate panel background type from bash?

On my 16.04 LTS I can set background to color using

dconf write /org/mate/panel/toplevels/bottom/background/type "'color'"

But please note that you need to have correct values of opacity and color. For example the code below will set green background with full opacity:

dconf write /org/mate/panel/toplevels/bottom/background/color "'#00ff00'"
dconf write /org/mate/panel/toplevels/bottom/background/opacity 65535

To disable color use

dconf write /org/mate/panel/toplevels/bottom/background/type "'none'"

Note: got this solution while monitoring the situation with dconf watch / on the terminal.


Can Windows and Ubuntu share a single swap partition?

It's possible, but probably only as an experiment:

Note: This is a what-if answer and is not recommended, especially if you are using hibernate from Ubuntu!

In theory, yes, Windows should be able to use your swap partition for its page (swap) file with some clever scripting on the Linux side.

I'm not going to do a step-by-step because I haven't tried it and if you can't figure out how to implement this you shouldn't be trying it either :)

Format the partition as NTFS from within Windows and set up Windows to use that drive exclusively for its swap file (nothing on C:)

Have a startup/upstart script to format the partition as Linux swap on Ubuntu startup and enable swap (swapon).

Have a shutdown script to swapoff and reformat the partition as ntfs.

Alternative (still not recommended) option:
You can create a swap file by following this guide on the NTFS partition, provided the NTFS partition is large enough for both swap files.
However this alternative is not recommended because:

Swapping on an NTFS(3G) partition would be extremely CPU-heavy.
And to make things worse, since the file can/will be fragmented, that would also cause a performance hit.


There is no way to have Win10 "discover" shares by NetBIOS name because that requires SMB1.
You can connect to the server with a \linux-host-name.local if you want.
Or you could configure WS-Discovery on the Linux server:
I submitted this as a bug / feature request in launchpad:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/samba/+bug/1831441
There exists in github something that has most of this already created. One can use it in Ubuntu but it requires some work to implement:
[1] Download the file:
wget https://github.com/christgau/wsdd/archive/master.zip

[2] UnZip it:
unzip master.zip

[3] Rename the python script
sudo mv wsdd-master/src/wsdd.py wsdd-master/src/wsdd

[4] Copy it to /usr/bin
sudo cp wsdd-master/src/wsdd /usr/bin

[5] A systemd service file is already provided in the package it just needs to be copied to the correct location:
sudo cp wsdd-master/etc/systemd/wsdd.service /etc/systemd/system

[6] The wsdd.service file ( /etc/systemd/system/wsdd.service ) has to be edited to remove references to the nobody user:
#User=nobody
#Group=nobody

[7] Then enable the service:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start wsdd
sudo systemctl enable wsdd

Now Win10 can discover the Ubuntu server with its own native WSD protocol and there is no need to enable smb1.


Trouble in detecting USB Drive (Pendrive 2.0)

Not all types of partitions are automatically mounted by Ubuntu. But that doesn't mean the USB drive is not detected.

Run the following command to see all mountpoints.

mount

This will show something like

/dev/mapper/ubuntu-root on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext2 (rw)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/aditya/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=aditya)
/dev/sdb1 on /media/aditya/Aditya type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,uid=1000,gid=1000,shortname=mixed,dmask=0077,utf8=1,showexec,flush,uhelper=udisks2)

To see device of only certain format, use

mount -l -t<type>

for example, to show only fat partitioned drives, run

mount -l -tvfat

In most cases, the last one would be the externally mounted drive.
Then run the following command to mount the drive.

udisks --mount /partition

For example

udisks --mount /dev/sdb1

To unmount

udisks --unmount /dev/sdb1

Once mounted, you should see the drive(partition) in both dash and nautilus(or your favorite file manager)


Added folders to PATH cannot be found using sudo

That's strange.
Anyway I think that

sudo /FULL_PATH/program_name

will work.

Another good idea will be to add a symbolic link to it in the /sbin/ directory with

sudo ln -s /FULL_PATH/program_name /sbin


Ubuntu Slow - What architecture does the Windows Installer install?

Wubi installs the architecture that matches the one you're running, so it should be x64.

That said, it's probably not the architecture that's your problem (I have no issues with x64 Ubuntu, even in virtual machines), but the fact that you installed it with Wubi. According to Wikipedia, Wubi installs Ubuntu on a loopmounted device (basically, a disk image) within the Windows partition, instead of its own partition. This means that the disk image itself is prone to fragmentation (thank you, NTFS), which will slow it down.

There are a few different paths you can take, depending on your circumstances, to be able to use Ubuntu:

Wipe out Windows If you don't need your Windows partition at all, just blow it up and replace it with Ubuntu and be done with it.
Dual boot Windows and Ubuntu If you have the drive space, the Ubuntu installer can repartition your hard drive and install Ubuntu next to Windows, allowing you access to both operating systems.
Run Ubuntu in a Virtual Machine If your computer is powerful enough, and you need Windows at the same time, then this may be the way to go. Grab VMWare, VirtualBox, or your favorite Virtual Machine program (I've had the best luck with VMWare, personally, for integration purposes), and install it there. That gives you a standalone Ubuntu install, while still allowing you access to Windows without having to restart the computer.
Install Ubuntu on a USB thumb drive If you need Windows for certain things, but can't install Ubuntu on drive for whatever reason, you can create a bootable USB drive with Ubuntu installed on it. Then, you can simply plug it in, tell your machine to boot from USB, and off you go! (This actually has two added bonuses - it's as fast as your USB version, which can make it super fast; and you can run it on any computer at any time. Though you are limited by the space available on your thumb drive, so keep your install lean and get a good-sized drive.)


Yes you can do that. For that you need to mount this external drive to Ubuntu(i am assuming your trying to do this in Ubuntu)

sudo mkdir /media/external
sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/external -o uid=1000,gid=1000,utf8,dmask=027,fmask=137

or

sudo mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb1 /media/external

choose based on your format type.

For more info, visit this


Ubuntu 20.04 - Wifi Automatically connects and disconnects

I experienced the same problem today and I fixed it with BroadcomInstaller.
Here is how to apply the solution:
cd ~/Desktop
git clone https://github.com/mehedihshakeel/BroadcomInstaller2017.git
cd BroadcomInstaller2017
chmod +x ./Broadcom.sh
./Broadcom.sh

You will get the following options:

Install Wifi Driver
Show Commands
Quit Please enter your choice:

Select 1 (Install Wifi Driver) and wait for the Installer to finish.
This was tested on Kali linux.


Change default 'Open with' for document folder

I've seen this for different applications. Items On Places Menu Opens VLC


I managed to break my ATI drivers, what should I do?

Don't panic!

You didn't break the drivers a recent security fix did:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/fglrx-installer/+bug/642518

It turns out a security fix in the kernel broke the driver.  Ubuntu developers are working to fix their version of the fglrx driver however in that bug an ATI developer says you'll have to wait for the next fglrx driver in October (10.10 I guess).

Hopefully we will have the fix to the ubuntu version in the next day or two.


How do I change my RAID configuration(mdadm)

The best way to edit partitions is to use GParted tool. I used it to resize partitions on my laptop and it worked great, no data loss at all. Although, to do it, you need the partitions you are working with to be inactive, so you need to make a live CD/USB with GParted. The instructions are given on their website here. Then, you should be able to boot from it and do what you need to do.

Even though there is no 100% guarantee of the safety of the data (please, don't forget to back up all the important files you have),the chance of any loss is almost nonexistent.


Why cannot install Lubuntu 12.10 on an extended partition?

I am afraid, the answer you received is, strictly speaking, incorrect. An extended partition is just a container that holds logical partitions. You can't install anything on it, even if you wanted to. Primary and logical partitions are used to install OSs, so, in your case, Lubuntu can be installed either to the primary /dev/sda1 or the logical /dev/sda6, though, obviously, you'll have to let the installer format it.

PS: Can you post the hardware specs of the machine.


Try sudo dpkg --configure -a. That should automatically repair those packages.

If that doesn't work, try running sudo apt-get install -f and then running sudo dpkg --configure -a again

If you really  want to go through each package and reinstall,

And keep in mind, this is definitely not the ideal solution.

Only do this if the sudo dpkg --configure -a command does not work.

This will take a really, really long time since it has to download all the packages again and install them:

for pkg in `dpkg --get-selections | awk '{print $1}' | egrep -v '(dpkg|apt|mysql|mythtv)'` ; do apt-get -y --force-yes install --reinstall $pkg ; done

Source


Why does a "Extract Here" context menu work incorrectly?

Extract Here moves the files and folders of an archive into a new folder with the same name as the archive, for example, consider this archive:

archive.tar.gz:
 - foo/
    - foo1.png
    - foo2.jpg
 - bar.xml

"Extract Here" will create a new folder called "archive" and put foo, its contents and bar.xml within the archive folder, whereas running the tar command you posted would put those files in the current directory.


phablet-dev-bootstrap: error: Cannot fetch CyanogenMod/android_external_koush_Superuser error: Exited sync due to fetch errors

After discussing in chat, we figured out that using a different branch stopped the 404s & 503s & the Superuser issues. I also sent a email to a person who will hopefully fix the repo so we don't have to continue using another branch.

EDIT: As of April 27th, 2016, this should be fixed on the main branch.


My system is not shutting down after installing Ubuntu 16.04 LTS!

If you look at your shutdown log, you will most-likely see a line which says "plymouthd has been excluded from killing..."

Redhat already has a note on this function in their bugs report. It appears related to Fedora. Everyone is offering band-aids to this, at this time, but even if you take ownership from root for plymouthd or go to a non-splash shutdown, it appears not to stop the problem. The problem is very persistent (for whatever reason) on Dell and HP computers, too. (I can't get a single Dell laptop to shutdown by proper shutdown command, after Ubuntu 16.04LTS is installed).

This should be considered a MAJOR bug, due to the ramifications to hardware as a result of doing the old 'hold the power button for 8-10 seconds' process.
The problem resides in plymouthd being excluded from being killed. Who in their right mind protects a SPLASH SCREEN on exit, so that it can't be killed, so that the harddrive can't be remounted in ro mode, so that logoff can be successfully conducted?


This page has full details and instructions on filing a bug on Compiz. There are also links to to their Wiki and Forums pages which may be helpful to you as well. The bug tracker is also a searchable database so make sure to check if your bug has been reported. The more people are effected by a given bug the more likely it will receive attention.


Run program with group execution permission

See the sudo man page for more information. Try:

sudo -u user1 -g users /opt/apache-jmeter-2.9/bin/jmeter


How set $Display variables on Apache2 running on Ubuntu 16

To take a screenshot, you first need a viewport that you can duplicate to picture. If you like to render your webpage directly to a picture, I suggest pageres -> https://github.com/sindresorhus/pageres. Github page covers the installation. Also firefox could be used with some limitations. There is a good article of command line website screenshotting at booleanworld: How to Take Screenshots of Webpages from the Command Line


How do you use the TTY (without X server) on one screen, and X on the other?

It's probably possible although I never tried.

If you have a single video board and that's an NVidia that you use with the NVidia proprietary drivers, then it won't work (and in that case what you saw was just a "lucky" side effect of some bug.) This is because they (NVidia) do not "properly" divide each video port in a distinct video port.

However, it should be possible with other configurations (2 video boards or 2 ports on a video board with a free driver from Linux) by configuring X11 as one screen per video and/or port. It's actually called a multi-seat configuration. Only that requires having at least two keyboards and two monitors (you probably do not need a second mouse in the console, although it can be nice to have such.)

By default the multi-seat will start both systems in lightdm, but you should be able to use Ctrl-Alt-F1 in one or the other. Obviously, I do not think that a standard way of doing things, so it may or may not work as expected. It may very well stop both X11 sessions to consoles... You'll have to play with the settings to see whether you can reach that specific configuration.

Once you are done with the console, you can then use Alt-F7 or Alt-F8 to come back to the X11 session.


How to remove sudo permission of reboot command in sudoers file

Your line gauri  ALL=NOPASSWD: /sbin/reboot, /sbin/shutdown should already be working to allow your user to reboot without sudo. Your issue is where you placed it.

If you look at the sudoers man page for #includedir, you will see why:

  include /etc/sudoers.local

  When sudo reaches this line it will suspend processing of the current file (/etc/sudoers) and switch to
  /etc/sudoers.local.

In your case, it is /etc/sudoers.d, but the same concept applies. You need to move the line gauri  ALL=NOPASSWD: /sbin/reboot, /sbin/shutdown to above the #includedir section like so:

# Host alias specification

# User alias specification

# Cmnd alias specification

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL

# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# Allow user gauri to execute reboot without sudo
gauri  ALL=NOPASSWD: /sbin/reboot, /sbin/shutdown

# See sudoers(5) for more information on "#include" directives:

#includedir /etc/sudoers.d


Try installing libssl0.9.8:i386 using below command:

sudo apt-get install libssl0.9.8:i386


Disable snapd.refresh.service on 16.04 to speed up boot (no snap packages in use)

There's no need to disable it to speed up the boot. This was a mistake on our part, and has been fixed in 2.11, out for updating in the next couple of days. Here is the full change log:

https://github.com/snapcore/snapd/blob/2.11/debian/changelog


Kernel Panic - not syncing on Ubuntu 12.04

Ok don't panic, good news is you should be able to recover your current install, no need to reinstall from scratch...

First, try to boot in recovery mode:
Follow the instructions in this post.

If you manage to get to the root prompt where you can type commands, things are looking good. Try this, which will hopefully let it finish the upgrade:

apt-get upgrade

(if it still fails give us details)

At any rate this should make your system bootable again:

update-initramfs -u
update-grub2

If you cannot get a root prompt at all, then get a LiveCD (ubuntu, knoppix ...) on a dvd or usb key and boot from it. Then you have a useable system from which you can access the broken one:
Follow dilip's instructions in this post


The following commands have worked for me:

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0:i386


How can I change the font of the top bar without changing the shell theme?

You may create a custom css override in your home directory and load it from there (otherwise if you make any change in the theme's style sheet, any update of the theme will most probably overwrite it).
First you should know where the Adapta theme is located. If you have installed it from a .deb package or a PPA it should be located at /usr/share/themes/Adapta and there should be a gnome-shell.css file in /usr/share/themes/Adapta/gnome-shell/.
Now follow the steps below.

Create a directory, say MyTheme either in ~/.themes or in ~/.local/share/themes. (You may create ~/.themes or ~/.local/share/themes if they don't exist.)

Create another directory inside MyTheme called gnome-shell.

Create an empty document in this gnome-shell directory and name it gnome-shell.css.

Open this gnome-shell.css in a text editor and add the following lines
@import url("/usr/share/themes/Adapta/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css");

stage {
    font-family: FONT_NAME, Sans-Serif;
    font-size: 14pt;
}

Change FONT_NAME to a font of your choice (also you may change the font size) and save the file.

Open GNOME Tweak Tools and activate the User themes extension.
(If the extension is not installed, you may install it from here.)

Go to Appearance section of Tweak Tools and click on the drop-down box next to "Shell theme". MyTheme should appear in the drop-down list. Select it.

Restart GNOME shell by typing alt+f2 then R+enter (works in an Xorg session, in Wayland logout and login again).


After i tried to repair ubuntu 16.04, it's showing Grub menu loader

From your boot-info-summary:

Script `/boot/grub/grub.cfg.new' contains no commands and will do nothing
Syntax errors are detected in generated GRUB config file.
Ensure that there are no errors in /etc/default/grub
and /etc/grub.d/* files or please file a bug report with
/boot/grub/grub.cfg.new file attached.

Have you made any changes to the mentioned files?

Check your filesystem from live-USB with sudo fsck /dev/sda1

Check your hard-drive from live-USB with Smartmontools


Ubuntu won't let me boot alongside other operating systems

I'm assuming that your computer have UEFI activated as default, so when you tried to install Ubuntu, the GPT table was corrupted, if you want to fix things and being able to install Ubuntu without that error message, recovering the Windows Boot Manager can fix all, and then you'll be able to do the installation aswell.

Please see this for repairing your Windows Boot Manager. Just do the first step.

Maybe you'll need another PC for getting the pendrive ready.

Btw if you want a rapid solution, you can configure Ubuntu with the manual installation, but I'm not sure you'll want that because is hard.


Two icons are present in Ubuntu 17.10. How can I remove one of them?

As per the output of ls /usr/share/applications/ | grep -i audacious it seems the icons correspond to audacious.desktop and audacious-qt.desktop.

Removing one .desktop from /usr/share/applications/ file should work, but it is not a permanent solution (and it is generally not recommended to make changes in the root directory unless you're absolutely sure). Once an associated package gets updated, the .desktop file would most certainly reappear.

For a permanent solution copy the .desktop file associated to the Audacious launcher you want to get rid of from /usr/share/applications/ to ~/.local/share/applications/. Then open the copied file with a text-editor and add (or modify) the following line:

NoDisplay=true


Apple Magic Trackpad freezes when I tap with 3 or more fingers

You have probably moved on but for anyone else who arrives here. Try lsusb, to find out what bluetooth dongle you have, people including myself have this issue with the "Cambridge.. " models. See reference here.

I'm trying my second usb dongle now an "Integrated Systems" model and it seems to have even more problems than the Cambridge (Random disconnects/freezes).


Ubuntu 12.04 hangs after replugging ZTE modem

I have also experienced this problem.

The easiest solution for this is to plug in the ZTE modem to the PC/Laptop when it is off. Then start your PC/Laptop and it will not hang.

But if it again hangs after replugging then Restart your PC/Laptop and use the above method.

There is another solution you may try as explained in this thread, here -> Ubuntu hangs after replugging the modem


Installing Ubuntu using DOS without external drive or CD

Installing Ubuntu on a laptop is independent of what is installed in its internal drive. The internal drive can be completely empty.

If the internal drive is empty or DOS is installed you need another computer to make a DVD disk, USB pendrive or memory card bootable with a live Ubuntu system.

Most tools to make a live Ubuntu system need Linux, Windows or MacOS. Maybe you can borrow a computer for that purpose, or in the worst case buy a DVD disk or USB pendrive with a live Ubuntu system already installed.

See this official Ubuntu 'download/install' link,

Ubuntu downloads

Most people select Ubuntu Desktop. Scroll down to find instructions how to install Ubuntu Desktop from Ubuntu, Windows or MacOS.
But don't forget the Ubuntu flavours (with different desktop environments).
If you want Ubuntu Server, you know it already.

See also this link: Installation/FromUSBStick
.


Problems with mysql-workbench for Ubuntu 20.04

The standard way for installing MySQL Community Workbench now is through snap.
Snap sets up AppArmor profiles for applications it installs, and it looks like when AppArmor denies access to certain files required by MySQL Workbench, the GUI just fails quietly. In your case with an AppArmor error, and in mine with no response at all.
There will be error messages pop up if you run dmesg or tail -f /var/log/syslog while Workbench crashes. Look for something like this:
audit: ... : apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" profile="snap.mysql-workbench-community.mysql-workbench-community" ...

In order to enable the access required, you'll want to enable Workbench to talk to your keyring:
snap connect mysql-workbench-community:password-manager-service

In my case, I also needed to allow Workbench to read my ssh keys because I was piping my connection over SSH:
snap connect mysql-workbench-community:ssh-keys


How do I enable wireless on a Macbook Pro 5,2 (17-inch from mid-2009)?

Steps I took for fixing this problem, follow these steps:

How can I get Broadcom BCM4311 Wireless working?
After I did the above the wireless had to be unblocked by rfkill:

rfkill unblock all


Simple googling might have helped, anyway here is how you can uninstall any package from terminal:

apt-get --purge remove <package>

You should never remove files by hand use dpkg --purge <package> if you have already removed it with apt plus the files by hand and it thinks it is still configured this should get rid of it.

Source of info and more on this you can find here:
linuxquestions


Open the screenshot in Pinta using the Open button in the Pinta toolbar.

Save a screenshot in a commonly used image format, like .png or .jpg.
Open Pinta and click the  Open icon in the top left corner.
A new Open Image File window will open. Browse to the screenshot and click the Open button in the lower right corner to open it in Pinta.


My printer requires "modprobe" and "ccpd" to be started after every system restart.

Edit /etc/modules and append usblp. This will load the usblp module at boot time.

To get /etc/init.d/ccpd to start, you will need to have links to the /etc/rc?.d directories. Read man update-rc.d and man insserv and look for an LSB (Linux Standard Base, see Wikipedia for LSB) header in /etc/init.d/ccpd (begins with ### BEGIN INIT INFO). I know nothing about ccpd.


Why do I have to paste and copy the output redirected to `xsel -b` before I can paste it to some other apps?

How do you paste? There are two different clipboards (not exactly the correct term, but close enough).

This is from man xsel

The  X  server maintains three selections, called PRIMARY, SECONDARY and CLIPBOARD. The PRIMARY selection is conventionally used to implement copying and pasting via the middle mouse button. The SECONDARY and CLIPBOARD
       selections are less frequently used by application programs. This program operates on the PRIMARY selection unless otherwise specified.

You can try echo "xxx"| xsel and echo "yyy"|xsel -b. Then when you try to paste it for example to terminal, you get one text with shift-ctrl-v and other with shift-ins.

So it depends on which selection is used by which application.


What would change if I remove 'quiet' from grub but do not remove 'splash'?

splash makes the splash screen show at startup. quiet hides all messages from being shown. If you remove quiet but not splash then the screen will alternate showing the splash screen and the messages. Earlier I sometimes removed both trying to see warnings and error messages but they passed by too quickly so I didn't have time to fully read the messages. It's better to use both quiet and splash and look in log files when there are errors.


Fresh install of Ubuntu 18.04 on a high end laptop has 2+ minutes boot time. How to solve?

I also have a Lenovo Y520 and had issues with 18.04, but not always at boot time, my issues would happen when the system was put under a load.  Dmesg would report hung processes related to the intel video adapter.  I have since downgraded to 17.10 and have not had any issues.  I will create a 18.04 boot USB and give it another shot and provide exact errors and diags where possible.


So I downloaded 13.04 and that worked fine. So the problem is 12.04.3 which I have to say is pretty poor. Perhaps it is my PC - a thinkpad so hardly a noname machine - but not impressed. Especially as others have raised this too.


My bash script only opens editor, why doesn't it run?

Sorry if I wasted anyone's time.
The answer is in Bash script with execution permissions won't run with dbl click --  which I found in Linked and Related. Thank you for UBUNTU.


My screen keeps going black, and I cannot resurrect it

Assuming you are using lightdm, you can use the following command to restart your display manager:
sudo systemctl restart lightdm

Use CTL+ALT+F7 if it doesn't take you to your graphical session automatically.
To help diagnose the issue, check out the dmesg -T and journalctl commands for errors.


The way how to know version of an installed package varies for different programs. Usually

application_name --version

or

application_name -version

can be used to know it. It is better to see man application_name and search which is the command line switch to know the version.

If you installed any package using apt, to see the version you can try

apt-cache policy package_name

In few cases the version can be found in application_name --help. For example virtualbox

In few very little case application_name -v also gives you version.


Unable to install Ubuntu to my fresh HP laptop

Try with boot menu option - one of the "Functuion" keys, depends on the computer model and make. Then select manually the bootable media - USB or DVD. The boot menu displays all available boot devices.


How do I turn off all the password prompts?

You can modify /etc/sudoers and find the line:

%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL

change it to:

%admin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL