Easiest way is to gather all the commands you need and put them in a text file and make the text file executable.

We start out with going command line and do this:

touch post_install_script
sudo 775 post_install_script
gedit post_install_script

And you start putting in commands you want to be executed.

  Installing packages that are in Ubuntu Software Center.

Start with enabling all repositories and refreshing the software list because the LiveCD is outdated:

sudo sed 's/# deb/deb/' -i /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update

Look up inside USC what already is there and check the package name. Examples with VLC and smplayer:

sudo apt-get install vlc
sudo apt-get install smplayer

In the same way of adding software like this you can also remove packages with:

sudo apt-get remove {package_name}

(just be careful to check dependencies first)

  PPA for installing nautilus elementary:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:am-monkeyd/nautilus-elementary-ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

What are PPAs and how do I use them?
(check the answer about adding them command line style).

  Themes

Those are either in USC or have a PPA so you can add these with either one of the 2.
For instance I like the equinox themes and I can add them like this:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tiheum/equinox
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install gtk2-engines-equinox

or the Faenza icon sets:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tiheum/equinox
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install faenza-icon-theme

So you gather all the installation instructions that you want to add and put them in your script each on a new line. You can speed things up by removing duplicate entries: sudo apt-get upgrade does not need to be done with every PPA: you can do that after adding all the PPAs but(!) before you install the software from the PPA.

Theoretically you can have 1 of these script files for all Ubuntu installations but you might need to tweak them for every system.

This is my newest attempt to creating a post install script:

What does this do?

update sources list
remove all directories in my home and create them again in /discworld2/ After that I recreate my home directory directories using symlinks. This way I am able to format my home and keep my files (they are not only on another partition but even on another disc);
install software I want;
set power management the way I want it.
add ppa's I want

After installing I just execute my post_install file and it will run for a long time but it will take care of everything I want (well I will be adding more and more things over time so it will get longer).

I probably can improve it by making compound statements of some of these lines


Kubuntu 16.04 failed upgrade (problem with xserver-xorg-video-all?)

I could solved. I follow the advice from this answer: https://askubuntu.com/a/367329/483417

What I did was:

sudo apt-get remove xserver-xorg-video-all
sudo do-release-upgrade -m desktop

I waited for the upgrade ends and restarted the computer. After that, Kubuntu started with no problems. The graphics were configured too. I think that is because I have a nvidia graphic card and the driver upgrade reinstalled everything again, even xserver-xorg-video-all.

Finally, my Kubuntu is Xenial :-)


I need help installing my dlink dwa-160 usb adapter on ubuntu 12.04.1?

I have a similar issue.
First, looking here:
http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Devices/USB
It looks as though the B2 revision is not supported yet.

On my 12.04.1/mint installs out of the box nothing is recognized.

The best thing I've found is this:
http://bernaerts.dyndns.org/linux/229-ubuntu-precise-dlink-dwa160-revb2

On mine, it gets the device recognized and working, but so far it has a tendency to drop the connection when idle for more than a 30-ish seconds in such a way that it has to be re-plugged in to connect again.

Based on that tutorial is looks like it's possible to tweak in order to achieve more stability, but I'm not sure I'll bother.


Beyond stuck - Install issue/s - please save me lol

Based on how boot works:

When you turn on, basic checks of your hard-disk or solid state disk are performed

BIOS locates the master boot record, loads it, and executes it.

The fact that you don't see the GRUB screen suggests you may be failing at #1 or #2 above.
The fact that even the USB does not work tells us that it is not able to:
(a) Locate the MBR in the USB stick
(b) Lets say it locates it, it is not able to load it
(c) Lets say it loads it, it is not able to execute it
Your HDD/SSD and USB's MBR cannot be damaged at the same time, assuming the USB stick is fine, it has to be (b) or (c) above.
Based on your attempts with the "power" button, it could also be a power issue. When you turn on a computer, it looks for a "power-good" signal, once the power-good signal is received, the processor is powered and it will look for the location of the BIOS ROM startup code. It is possible that this may be failing as well.
I have a hunch it is the inability to generate the power-good signal, if it is not the power, then it could be (b) or (c) above.


Poor peformance with an Mobility HD 4250

Try selecting Unity2d at the login screen. Visually, Unity and Unity2d are very similar, but Unity2d is not based on Compiz, so it may perform better.


Ubuntu 14.04 installation with USB flash drive problem

if you are using ubuntu now, try the application "startup disk creator"

if you are currently on windows, i have found an application called "rufus" works very well

if you still cant get the USB to boot, it may be a problem with your bios configuration being incompatible how the USB was formatted... Such an issue woud be beyond my expertise...


I reported bug 1725954 about that.
We should wait. I have had this problem sometimes.

Text ttys are placed from 3 to 6 - use < Ctrl + Alt + F3 > to < Ctrl + Alt + F6 >.


How to configure touchpad two fingers tap as middle click in ubuntu 19.10? Libinput is used

You can add

Option "TappingButtonMap" "lmr"

to the touchpad section of /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/40-libinput.conf file like this:

Section "InputClass"
        Identifier "libinput touchpad catchall"
        MatchIsTouchpad "on"
        MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
        Driver "libinput"
        Option "TappingButtonMap" "lmr"
EndSection

lmr means "left/middle/right". By default 3-finger tap is for a middle-click (lrm).

It will permanently set this option (after a reboot). You can also test it by setting a xinput option:

xinput set-prop 10 288 0 1

This should have an effect right away, but won't survive a reboot.


I would recommend using avconv/ffmpeg, but if you're more comfortable with x264 by itself, you can install it form the repositories

sudo apt-get install x264


Start a Networkmanager GUI from Commandline

Since this is a kiosk setup I changed the way to trigger wicd. I added a udev rule which in turn triggered a script whenever a certain usb-stick was inserted. From there I wrote a unix timestamp to a specific file. Additionally I created a second bash script which monitored this file using the inotify-tools. That one was executed within the .xsession file.


nvidia drivers cause black screen on login on optimus laptop

Probably you forgot first before installation of nvidia-packages to export some variables to the library of CUDA.

On desktop in terminal one first needs to do:

  export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/cuda/bin

and on 32-bit-machines this:

  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/lib/nvidia-current:/usr/lib32/nvidia- current

but on 64-bit-machines this:

  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/cuda/lib:/usr/local/cuda/lib64

The rest is explained here in a contribution of me, but this concerns a different package of nvidia, but in the end anyway you need above all to export as described above... :

How can I Install Nvidia Driver GT 520 and Cuda 5.0 in Ubuntu13.04?


Boot won't get past auto fsck, any help?

Turns out it was an issue from the display manager, I went into recovery mode by pressing escape in the first few seconds that the pc loads, then chose advanced options then recovery mode, from there I changed my lightdm desktop manager to the default gdm by doing this.
sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

And from there I used the arrow keys to choose gdm3, and rebooted my computer and it worked.


Electron - Cannot run application on Ubuntu 64-bit

It turned out that I simply needed to give the executable the permissions it needed, so I typed in the terminal:

chmod +x SteamCMD\ GUI

And then everything worked perfectly - I could both execute it by double-clicking it, and by typing to the terminal ./SteamCMD\ GUI.


My Android phone isn't being detected by Ubuntu

There is a big difference in the way some Android phones connect to the computer, as I understand it older versions use USB Mass Storage, and newer phones use MTP. MTP allows for you to access files on the phone while the phone does too, but with USB Mass Storage only one device can mount the storage at any one time presenting a problem.

If you have a newer Android phone then you will want to use one of the Ubuntu programs that can speak MTP.  I've used gMTP with success myself, there are (or were?) some problems with the MTP library but hopefully those will be fixed soon.

If you have an older phone that uses USB Mass Storage then we may need more info to help you.

The reason it works under Windows 7 (assuming that's what your using) is because Windows 7 has built-in support for MTP while Linux and OSX support isn't quite that well integrated yet.


Ubuntu keeps showing up in the boot even after deleting it

In Windows 8, run msconfig.exe and click on BOOT.INI, there you can delete Ubuntu from the boot loading.


How do you keep unity desktop in a remote desktop connection

To be able to access Unity Desktop via XRDP Software on a Ubuntu 16.04 machine, you need to perform the following actions

Install TigerVNC
Install XRDP
Configure system to use the Unity Desktop during XRDP sessions

Full instructions can be found at this location


Under which licence is Unity available? Is it protected by any copyright or patents?

Quoting the upstream page at Launchpad:

  Unity is free software, you are encouraged to use whatever pieces of it suit you.

  [...]

  Licenses:
  GNU GPL v3, GNU LGPL v3


How to install 3ds max 2009 on ubuntu using wine

Try installing .NET 2008 SP1 after install 3ds max 2009


Minecraft is cross-platform, download the launcher in .jar version.
Shrink Ubuntu's partition and create NTFS in the unpartitioned space. Install Windows on NTFS partition and burn the boot-repair disk (you'll need it to reinstall grub). Disable Windows' fast and secure boot. Use the boot-repair cd and.. you're ready.


This should be configurable using the gconf-editor:

Press Alt + F2, type gconf-editor and press Enter.
In the gconf-editor find the key

/apps/gnome-power-manager/backlight/idle_dim_time

and set it to the desired value (in seconds):


Ubuntu 12.04 terminal only after nvidia driver upgrade

After you've booted, press Ctrl+Alt+F1, and login using your credentials.
Remove all the nVidia drivers that you installed.

sudo apt-get --purge remove nvidia-*

Install the drivers again:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current nvidia-settings


I have a Samsung portable SSD and can't open

Samsung's proprietary software appears to be only for encryption. You won't be able to access any encrypted files on the drive from Linux since Samsung doesn't support that.

If the drive is encrypted and you don't have any (valuable) data on the drive or moved it somewhere else (temporarily), you can repartition, reformat and use the SSD in Linux without additional software.
If the drive is not encrypted you should be able to use it in Ubuntu right away or at least after installing the exfat-fuse package. If you can't, please edit your question or open a new question and include the output of lsusb, sudo lsblk -f and a screenshot of the drive as seen by GParted.

If you want to encrypt your data on Linux (or any operating system really), it's always better to opt for vendor-independent, non-proprietary solutions. Popular examples for disk encryption system on Linux are

LUKS (Linux and BSD with cryptsetup, Windows with LibreCrypt (beta), OS X only through Linux guest system) and
TrueCrypt/VeraCrypt (Linux, BSD with cryptsetup, Windows, OS X).


*/15 * * * * . /home/ashish/parser.sh

cron uses sh, not bash, so when you source the script (that's what the . does), it is run under sh, not bash. Remove the ..

Also, the PATH for cron is limited. Specify the full paths to commands you use, such as workon, or set PATH yourself.


connect two servers via second network interface

You are using the same address 192.168.1.2 on both servers. That is the first error.

I would also suggest to use another class of addreses for the interconnection. If you have servers connected to the network on 192.168.1.XX and 192.168.1.YY, then use another class for interconnection. For instance use 192.168.2.XX and 192.168.2.YY for the second network cards. Then you can ping 192.168.2.YY from the XX and 192.168.2.XX from YY.

So use 192.168.1 for the network and 192.168.2 for interconnections. But do not assign both servers the same address. That causes collisions on the network.

If you have addresses setup correctly you don't need to use -I in ping. The ping will find out correctly which adapter to use by the destination address. It will forward all traffic to 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 and all other addresses via em1 because default gateway is setup there. It will use em2 only for addresses 192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0.

I assume you know netmasks addresses and stuff. w.x.y.z/255.255.255.0 means that addresses with the same w.x.y are on the same segment and addreses that have different w.x.y are going to be accessed via default gateway which takes care that packets get to the right destination.


I installed ibus through system settings / language support / install remove languages. Ibus will be chosen by default. Then system settings / text entry and select the required language. The new language will be added ans shown in the top notification area


My tap to click in touchpad is not working and my synaptics touchpad changed to libinput

Your question is related to this one, and this answer ("Tapping" option part) could help you.


Open terminal by CtrlAltT

For libpng, run:

sudo apt-get install libpng-dev

For zlib, run:

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev


Appearance icon has disappeared from system settings menu

Sorry about this I figured it out.

I was missing the packages:

gnome-control-center-signon

and

gnome-control-center-unity

When I installed them appearances reappeared.


Xubuntu: Turn off password after suspend

In the Light Locker settings there is a toggle switch, "Lock on Suspend"

Light Locker Settings (/usr/share/light-locker-settings/light-locker-settings/light-locker-settings.py) are found in xfce4-settings-manager


If you take a look at the Makefile, you can find the source is for 2.6 kernel.  After manually modifying the 2.6 to 3.0, you will be able to compile, but more missing files you will expect.


Cannot SSH to Raspberry Pi 3 with wired connection with Kubuntu laptop

You can configure openssh-server to only listen on a single interface by setting the ListenAddress config in /etc/ssh/sshd_config

If the IP address of your wired connection is X.X.X.X

just add the config line

ListenAddress X.X.X.X

You should also statically assign the wired interface in such a case as the IP could be subject to change if it is dynamically assigned.


install openvpn on your server and your client
generate the certificates as in the official HOWTO:

root@server:/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa# cp -r /usr/share/doc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/2.0 /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa
root@server:/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa# cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa

Edit /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/vars and fill in the appropiate values

root@server:/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa# . ./vars
NOTE: If you run ./clean-all, I will be doing a rm -rf on /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys
root@server:/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa# ./clean-all
root@server:/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa# ./build-ca
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
......................++++++
........++++++
writing new private key to 'ca.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [HK]:
State or Province Name (full name) [New Territories]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [Tuen Mun]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Home]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [changeme]:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) [OpenVPN-CA]:
Name [OpenVPN-CA]:
Email Address [test@example.com]:
root@server:/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa# ./build-key-server server
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
...............++++++
..........++++++
writing new private key to 'server.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [HK]:
State or Province Name (full name) [New Territories]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [Tuen Mun]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Home]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [changeme]:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) [server]:
Name [OpenVPN-CA]:
Email Address [test@example.com]:

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
Using configuration from /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/openssl-1.0.0.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
countryName           :PRINTABLE:'HK'
stateOrProvinceName   :PRINTABLE:'New Territories'
localityName          :PRINTABLE:'Tuen Mun'
organizationName      :PRINTABLE:'Home'
organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'changeme'
commonName            :PRINTABLE:'server'
name                  :PRINTABLE:'OpenVPN-CA'
emailAddress          :IA5STRING:'test@example.com'
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 18 13:18:09 2022 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y

1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
root@server:/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa# ./build-key client
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
..........++++++
...................................................++++++
writing new private key to 'client.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [HK]:
State or Province Name (full name) [New Territories]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [Tuen Mun]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Home]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [changeme]:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) [client]:
Name [OpenVPN-CA]:
Email Address [test@example.com]:

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
Using configuration from /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/openssl-1.0.0.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
countryName           :PRINTABLE:'HK'
stateOrProvinceName   :PRINTABLE:'New Territories'
localityName          :PRINTABLE:'Tuen Mun'
organizationName      :PRINTABLE:'Home'
organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'changeme'
commonName            :PRINTABLE:'client'
name                  :PRINTABLE:'OpenVPN-CA'
emailAddress          :IA5STRING:'test@example.com'
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 18 13:20:00 2022 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y

1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
root@server:/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa# ./build-dh
Generating DH parameters, 1024 bit long safe prime, generator 2
This is going to take a long time
............................................................................+..................+...........+...........................+..............+..............................................................+......................................................................................................+......................................................................................+..............................................................................+..................+.................+..................................................................+.........................................+...........+..........................................................................................+..............................................+....................................+...................+....+..+................+.+.........+..............................................................+....................................................................................................................+...........+.....................................................................................................................................+.........................................................+...........................................................+.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................+..............+..............................................................................................................................................+............................+..........................................+....................................................................................................................................++*++*++*

copy the needed files from /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys on the server to /etc/openvpn

for server: ca.crt dh1024.pem server.crt server.key

for client: ca.crt client.crt client.key
copy the appropriate sample configuration files from /usr/share/doc/openvpn/examples/sample-config-files/ to /etc/openvpn and decompress them

server: server.conf.gz

client: client.conf
The server configuration file should be workable by default
edit the "remote" entry on the client /etc/openvpn/client.conf

Input the server name / IP-address. No other changes needs to be done
Open up UDP 1194 on the server's firewall
The service is ready to start now, the server is at 10.8.0.1

I assume you only need to access the server, additional work need to be done if you want to access other internal networks.
configure samba to listen on 10.8.0.0/24

Everything should have been done, leave comment here if something goes wrong.


I had a similar problem with the RT3290 and upgraded the Ubuntu 13.10 kernel to 3.12 as documented and have not had a wireless problem since.


I have tested gtkipod with Ipod Touch 4 Gen but 8GB. I also tried Banshee and Rhythmbox, both failed. Even with the latest Shuffle or Nano.
First install the gtkpod iPod Manager  in the Software Center.

As you can see when starting the program it has on its list the 4 Gen of Touch:

Also checked with latest Shuffle and works. The only one that works actually.
If a user uses Banshee or even Rhythmbox they will hear a woman in the Ipod saying that you need to sync it with itunes. The only one I have known that correctly syncs is gtkpod.
UPDATE - Funny, today my Ubuntu got 2 updates in the Update manager about Iphones and Ipod.


AnyRemote works very nicely  for controlling applications - first install in Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install anyremote ganyremote

Then you have install the client for the Android phone - download the .apk from here, put the file on your phone, and then open it and install it to the phone - you need to allow installation from 'Unknown Sources' in Security settings first.

There is documentation available here to help you set it up.

For controlling your desktop, something like VNC is very useful, but as that has already be mentioned, you may also want to try TeamViewer - the android App for it can be found here.

To install for 32bit (works):

wget http://download.teamviewer.com/download/teamviewer_linux.deb
sudo gdebi install teamviewer_linux.deb

To install for 64bit (might work):

wget http://download.teamviewer.com/download/teamviewer_linux_x64.deb
sudo gdebi install teamviewer_linux_x64.deb

If you get an error with lib32asound2 or some other dependency, see here. If that does not work on 64bit, you should be able to install the 32bit version.


Unity 3D editor with JetBrains Rider as an IDE on Ubuntu 19.10

this no longer happens in ubuntu 20.04 with the alpha build of unity 2020 and with rider 2020.

Rider is autodetected in a dropdown list :


It is because, the required unistall package found in the status file of dpkg directory. You can overcome the error as below.

#cd /var/lib/dpkg/
#status status.orig
# vim status

Search for a block something like that:

  Package: icedtea-netx:amd64

..

..

Package: another_package_name

Here, you have to delete only icedtea-netx:amd64 block. This means starting with Package: icedtea-netx:amd64 and till the other package block. After deleting the block try to remove it again it will works.


The new upstream PHP 7.0 won't be supported in existing releases.  The policy on bringing new stuff to existing releases is very clear on that -> only security releases go in.  You can read about the Ubuntu policy here: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates

The good news is that Ubuntu 16.04 LTS will be released with PHP 7.0 packages.  Nish from Canonical made an heroic effort to push my Debian packaging into Ubuntu 16.04 and he has also updated many packages that depend on PHP and cleaned up the rest that doesn't support PHP 7.0 (yet or never will).

If you want to use PHP 7.0 on older Ubuntu releases, the only way is to use some external means, like my ppa:ondrej/php PPA that carry co-installable PHP 5.6 and PHP 7.0 for Ubuntu 14.04 and later.


Package requirements (glib-2.0 >= 2.37.3 ...-snip-...) were not met

I guess you already solved it a long time ago, but, for the future readers, here are the names of dev packages which were really tough to find:

$ sudo apt install libgtk-3-dev libgtop2-dev librsvg2-dev

I find it so frustrating that there is a package libgtop-2.0-10, but for the dev version, it's neither libgtop-2.0-dev nor libgtop-2.0-10-dev. It's libgtop2-dev, go figure that.


Unable to disable proposed updates (developer options)

Solution:
Delete theses files ()
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/proposed.list.save
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/proposed.list

Restart the system
Go to "Software & Updates" and the "Pre-released updates" will be unchecked.
Thanks @Kulfy


Can't get my W7/Ubuntu dual boot to reboot

You need to repair your MBR, when messing with Grub, or not properly installing it, or trying to use a beta version you will encounter the black screen as there is no boot loader to choose from. Do the following with a Windows repair disc or bootable USB:

    When you insert the Windows installation media choose "Repair my computer>Troubleshoot>Advanced>Command prompt". Run the following command:

bootrec.exe /fixmbr

This will fix the Windows boot loader so Windows boots right up after restarting.

I would suggest starting over with Ubuntu if you can to properly install it. Get booted up into the installer, remove the old partitions (not the Windows ones), and then re-creating them again. This would ensure a fresh install of Ubuntu

NOTE** Running the fixmbr option will fix the normal windows bootloader. You will no longer have the option to get into linux, or see the grub menu. This is the fix I know of.


If I understand your description correctly, you're saying you have to hold down the power button and then, only after that, can you then boot up the computer again (by tapping the power button, I presume). The reason I'm guessing this is that holding down a computer's power button doesn't usually reboot it--instead, it usually just forces it to turn off. And that means it really was on before you pressed and held the button.

Assuming that's what's going on, this suggests your computer is actually not shutting down when you press Ctrl+Alt+F1, but instead that there is some problem displaying the console text (either a problem displaying all virtual console text, or a problem specific to whatever is running on tty1).

You can test for this and, if this is the case, fix the problem, by simply switching back to the virtual console that the GUI is running on, the same way you normally would: with Alt+F7 or Ctrl+Alt+F7.

If that works, you can try to work around your problem by using a different virtual console (for example, see if Ctrl+Alt+F2 works).

If you get get back to at least one other virtual console (even the GUI on tty7)--and you haven't deliberately made changes to your system to keep getty from running on tty1, which I presume you have not--then this may be separated into two issues:

Switching back to a working virtual console, as above.
A bug interfering with the operation of, or the getty instance on, one or more virtual consoles.

This answer (attempts to) address the first problem; the second isn't a question for Ask Ubuntu but instead should be a bug report for Launchpad. I'm not altogether sure what package it should be reported against; if you provide details of what happens when you try this, perhaps someone will know.

On the other hand, if your computer really has shut down or is otherwise truly nonresponsive after you switch to tty1 with Ctrl+Alt+F1, then your entire situation is a bug (and the best you can do about it is probably report it on Launchpad). In this case, I can guess what package to report it against: the kernel, linux (and you can run ubuntu-bug linux to start the report).


I think that you have a problem with GNOME panel indicator applet. So, I suggest you to (re)install it. It's available in Ubuntu Software Center:


i try to write the iso to a usb flashdrive

Rufus developer here.

Pretty sure this is indicative of a defective USB drive. Have you tried with a different flash drive?

Also, but this shouldn't be directly relevant to your error, I am very puzzled on how you got an ✗ instead of a ✓ on ldlinux.bss. This indicates that the SHA-256 of the file you downloaded doesn't match the one from our server (which Rufus 2.18 will validate), meaning that either you modified that file manually, or your download got corrupted or (but this is unlikely), something even more sinister like someone deliberately intercepting the download and replacing it with their own content.

All in all, I see lots of signs that seem to point to unstable hardware or system, which probably explains your issue.

One last thing you may want to try is, when you create the bootable drive in Rufus, you will be prompted on whether you want to write the image in ISO image mode or DD mode, with a notice that specifically tells that, if you find that you have issues in ISO mode, you may want to try creating the USB drive in DD mode. Have you tried writing the drive in DD mode?


Shortcut keys for changing input source not working in Login screen

Open a terminal and run:

gksu gedit /etc/default/keyboard

(or use some other text editor)

Do following changes in the file:

XKBLAYOUT="de,us"
XKBVARIANT=""
XKBOPTIONS="grp:alt_shift_toggle"

(Replace de,us with your languages)

Restart and try again.


On my system the package is steam-launcher (I installed it from the Steam repos).

See if that's what you have by issuing apt policy steam-launcher in a terminal.  If so, that's what you should uninstall.


I have to disconnect/reconnect network cable to access Internet

The fact that your problem is intermittent indicates to me a very few possibilities when taking into consideration all the facts as you have presented them. The switch isn't the problem as bypassing it doesn't resolve the issue.

1) Intermittent short in the Ethernet cable. Replace with new cable.

2) Failing NIC. (specifically the Ethernet port). Replace NIC

3) Failing modem (specifically the Ethernet port). Replace modem or obtain a cheap WiFi adaptor and use that to connect since Wifi is stable.

All of these possible solutions are extremely cost effective.

Edit: If you determine that your problem is not hardware related and think that it's caused by something ill advised you did to your profile due to other accounts working properly you can confirm whether this is indeed the case by repairing your profile.


Repository error received during an upgrade

First of all, add the PPA

This is done by :

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java

Use the 'update' command to retrieve the PPA :

$ sudo apt update

Did you get it to work now? Let me know

The way PPA's are added works a little bit different


Your grub is surely not installed in your Hard drive but your booting device... Install grub on your Hard Disk Drive and observe again.


If you installed them via the package manager (apt, apt-get, dpkg), you can ask the packaging system where the files in a package are with dpkg -L <packagename> (read man dpkg).


Do i need to install proprietary driver for AMD A8 APU?

If you don't have any problems with the Xorg driver, and no program require the fglrx driver, I'd stick to the default one.

I've changed a lot between both drivers, so here are my experiences, also with an AMD A8 APU, but a different model:

fglrx supports a more recent OpenGL version E.g. Bioshock Infinite requires fglrx, as the Mesa OpenGL version supported by the Xorg driver (in my case OpenGL 3.3) is too old to support the methods used by this game. And before anyone asks, yes, Bioshock Infinite has been ported to run natively on Linux. However, I've already played some games that would only work when not using fglrx.
The Xorg driver seems to produce fewer glitches when rendering the desktop. E.g. the menu item selection in Cinnamon's launcher would start to jump around with fglrx if the mouse was between two entries and not hovering the text, whereas the problem doesn't occur with the Xorg driver.
My boot animation was drawn in an incorrect screen ratio when using fglrx instead of the Xorg driver, although I mostly blame the unacceptably buggy UEFI implementation from HP.
Programs using OpenCL (perform certain calculations on the GPU rather than the CPU) only work with fglrx, and not with the Xorg driver.
I've heard and read rumors that the APU consumed less power when using fglrx, leading to a longer lasting on-battery-time, but I can't confirm this as I run my notebook on AC power 99% of time.

So it depends on what you need most: A driver of which you know it works (as you are currently using it) or one that supports newer technology, such as later OpenGL versions, e.g. required for some games. But as long as the Xorg driver works fine, you don't need fglrx.

If you decide to install the AMD proprietary fglrx driver, best fetch it directly from AMD's website, as the versions in Ubuntu's repos are not quite up-to-date.


What is the correct driver for HP Officejet Pro 8710 in CUPS?

Install hplip-gui package with sudo apt-get install hplip-gui and add your 8710 from here.

According to HP page it is fully supported.


The profile for Firefox comes with the installation of Firefox. However, it is not enabled by default. To enable it, you'll have to run this command from a terminal:

sudo aa-enforce /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.firefox

Other profiles are listed here (for 12.10):

http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~apparmor-dev/apparmor-profiles/master/files/head:/ubuntu/12.10/

On disk they are in /etc/apparmor.d

You can install the additional apparmor-profiles  package to get even more profiles. See the following documentation for more information:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AppArmor
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/AppArmor


This question was too simple for sophisticated users, so I will mention a solution I stumbled on. If one has a Google account (which is free), there is 15GB of storage available already, which can be mounted as a drive (like a USB stick, say) using Gnome. The method is at:
https://www.lifewire.com/how-to-use-google-drive-linux-4176144.
There are many elaborations for this service, but this is a start.


Booting fault on Thnkpad T495 Ubuntu 20.04

Try to use "Advanced Options" in the GRUB menu and open Ubuntu in an old kernel. This should work.


How to set environment variable for the updated youtube-dl installed from pip3?

The youtube-dl script is probably located in the /home/vivek/.local/bin directory. In that case all you need to do is to log out and log in again. By doing so the code in your ~/.profile file will automatically add the directory to PATH.


How to get the connected wifi network ssid?


Forgot about app armour.

For anyone that is interested I did the following to move the folder.

Stop the mysql server:

stop mysql

Create the new directory:

mkdir /array2/mysql

Copy over ONLY the database folders:

cp -R /var/lib/mysql /array2/mysql
cp -R /var/lib/mysql/users /array2/mysql

Backup the my.cnf file:

cp /etc/mysql/my.cnf /root/my.cnf.backup

Edit the my.cnf file:

nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf

Change all mentions of the old datadir and socket to your new location

Mine became:

datadir=/array2/mysql

socket=/array2/mysql/mysql.sock

Update the directory permissions:

chown -R mysql:mysql /array2/mysql

Rename the old directory:

mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql-old

Create a symlink, just in case:

ln -s /array2/mysql /var/lib/mysql

Let AppArmor know about the new datadir:

echo "alias /var/lib/mysql/ -> /your/new/datadir/," >> /etc/apparmor.d/tunables/alias

Reload the apparmor profiles

sudo /etc/init.d/apparmor reload

Then start mysql:

start mysql


How to resolve thin client log on freezing using LDAP + LTSP 12.04?

Your trouble seem to be a permission/owner trouble or a missing home folder trouble.

Check if the home folder exist and has the correct permissions and owner.

Focus more in LDAP under ubuntu than LTSP. It is more a trouble of LDAP


Failed to install grub2 while installing ubuntu

You are trying to install Ubuntu in UEFI mode without setting up an EFI System Partition (ESP). You have to create this partition. Ideal size for it should be 100 MB.


Displayport Hub functions like Apple Thunderbolt Display

I raised a question at Ask Displayport and got the answer that Displayport 1.2 does NOT carry USB. Till now, USB 3.1 Type C (and Thunderbolt I guess) is the only technique.


How to change file association for files opened in Dolphin from command line in GNOME?

Seems like I found the solution to my own question:

Dolphin obviously ignores the [Default Applications] in ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list but uses [Added Associations] in the same file. So the quick way how to change multiple file associations in Dolphin would be to copy all the lines under [Default Applications] (set with xdg-mime) and paste them to the same file with [Added Associations] before them instead. Most likely works the same with Konqueror and everything else using kde-open.


Should I really follow all these steps to dual boot with Windows 10?

I've only skimmed the page to which you linked, but it looks basically reasonable, with one caveat: The page gives insufficient detail on how to determine your boot mode and control the boot of the Ubuntu installation medium to the correct mode. In brief, most computers with Windows 8 and later come with Windows installed in EFI/UEFI mode. Most (but not all) Windows 7 installations use BIOS/CSM/legacy mode, as do the vast majority of earlier Windows versions. If you installed Windows yourself, all bets are off, except for older versions (Vista and earlier, except on exotic platforms), which support only BIOS mode.

It's imperative that your Ubuntu installation use the same boot mode as your Windows installation. See this page of mine for information on determining your current boot mode. See this other page of mine for information on the Compatibility Support Module (CSM) and how to control the boot mode of your Ubuntu installation medium.

If you install Ubuntu in the wrong boot mode, you'll find it difficult or impossible to control which OS boots; hence the importance of getting this detail right.

One more caveat: Some (too many) computers have broken EFIs that forget their boot settings. If you're unlucky enough to have such a computer, you'll have to employ ugly workarounds to fix the problem. Numerous questions and answers on this site address such problems. See this one as a starting point.


Well, firstly I would whole-heartedly recommend you to either learn HTML/CSS/JavaScript or install one of the million of Content Management Systems (CMS) available, most of which would allow you to install themes or somehow else customize their look. You would even be able to build a custom theme though it would most likely require learning something about the above mentioned technologies.

Building websites in FrontPage-like programs is sooo like year 1998 :)

Secondly, there are some WYSIWYG HTML editors available, for example

Blue Griffon (seems to be the most actively maintained)
Kompozer

Quanta Plus (haven't been ported to KDE4, site is down)
Amaya


lost windows in grub2 after windows update

Did you try to use a live CD or live USB?

In terminal, type: sudo apt-get grub update

or you can use grub-customizer: sudo apt-get install grub-customizer
and open grub-customizer to choose your OS.


Partioning drive containing OS with media

No at all , it is completely safe to proceed as long as you make sure all important data is passed to the newly created partition


Are there any icons for folders that fit in with gnome shell?

Your default path the system and program icons are stored in is /usr/share/app-install/icons. I would look there first for some suitable icons.


To adjust brightness in xubuntu or ubuntu
Open a terminal window, and execute this command to edit /etc/rc.local:

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

Add this before the last line “exit 0″:

echo xx > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness

Where number xx is the value of your screen brightness of your choice.

The maximum value for brightness can be found with:

cat /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/max_brightness


Can I force VGA signal output even when xrandr shows 'disconnected'?

Yes,you can , but --auto is doing the right thing. Instead do something like:

xrandr --addmode VGA1 1024x768
xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1024x768 --right-of LVDS1

For other users with a similar problem on all video outputs, first run xrandr to see what outputs you have.

~$ xrandr -q
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 8192 x 8192
eDP1 connected 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 294mm x 165mm
   1920x1080      60.0*+   59.9     40.0
   1680x1050      60.0     59.9
   1600x1024      60.2
   1400x1050      60.0
   1280x1024      60.0
   1440x900       59.9
   1280x960       60.0
   1360x768       59.8     60.0
   1152x864       60.0
   1024x768       60.0
   800x600        60.3     56.2
   640x480        59.9
VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
   1024x768       60.0
HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
   1024x768       60.0

In this case the main screen is called eDP1 and the additional outputs are VGA1, HDMI1 and DP1 (Mini DisplayPort)

As an example, to force output to the Mini DisplayPort at 720x480 run

xrandr --addmode DP1 720x480

and then

xrandr --output DP1 --mode 720x480 --right-of eDP1


How can install a driver for touchpad of laptop ASUS x53u?

ubuntu is shipped by default with this driver
the package for that is called "xserver-xorg-input-synaptics"

if it is not present:
for KDE use muon to install it

or from command line:
  sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics


You can install vpnc with sudo apt-get install network-manager-vpnc.  This will add VPN functionality to 'Network Connections' in your system settings.  From a couple of web searches, vpnc with FritzBox is a common config.  Personally, I prefer OpenVPN on Tomato or pfsense, as they're much easier to configure, but good luck w/IPsec!


I remembered that there were 2 failed Remastersys backups on my Ubuntu partition that had filled it. After I found the rm command and used it in the recovery console my Ubuntu installation started up normally.


Jdk 8 install problem?I am using ubuntu 17.10 version

Try this:

sudo rm /var/cache/oracle-jdk8-installer/jdk-8u151-linux-x64.tar.gz


If you open a terminal in the directory where you saved Minecraft.jar, try running it with

java -jar Minecraft.jar

Without further information, there isn't much else that I can recommend. There are a number of reasons why Minecraft may fail to start. By running the command above, it will at the very least provide information on why it's failing. That information can help you search for a solution, many of which are linked as 'related questions' in the sidebar here.

I can say from personal experience that Oracle's Java 8 works fine with Minecraft in Ubuntu, if it's correctly configured. Indeed, Java 8 is required for many mods for Minecraft to function.


Cannot run samba interface after installing 13.04

In order to be able to run Samba in Ubuntu 13.04, you have to install it.  Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below:

sudo apt-get install samba samba-common

To complete the installation from terminal, then click here for complete instruction.

I just got a machine up and running, installed Ubuntu 13.04 on it, and followed the instruction in the above link, and it worked.  See below:

Once I clicked on the Samba icon it opened the window below


I'm kinda guessing based on how I've remapped Caps Lock before, but...

Create a ~/.Xmodmap file containing:

clear 135
keycode 135 = Control_R

I'm using 135 because that's the keycode xev told me on my keyboard when I hit menu.  Yours may vary.  Log out & back in to take effect.

setxkbmap -option ctrl:menu may work if this doesn't.


Ubuntu 20.04 server 'Live?' Can Not detect muti-partitions UEFI and CSM backward compatibility

Obviously, Ubuntu 20.04 lacks the capability of detecting old disk configuration like the Ubuntu 16.04 does. I saw at least one post who had the same problem on this Ubuntu 20.04 live ISO installation. I am not asking for troubleshooting. I am asking to create another version of Ubuntu server 20.XX to have the ability to detect multi-boot partitions and fully support the firmware of "UEFI and backward support" configuration like Ubuntu 16.04 does. In my case, the server 20.04 installation stopped at the 2nd or 3rd step and said it can not read the disk configuration although I had unformatted #11th prepartition or already installed 16.04 server at the #11th partition and #12th swap partition.


I am not sure if this explains it but the culprit may be the type of install, WUBI. From the wiki on WUBI:

Limitation of WUBI

... Performance related to hard-disk access is also slightly slower, more so if the disk image file is fragmented, on a Wubi install compared to a normal one. ...

Also see the WUBI-FAQ.

This should not occur when Ubuntu is installed in its own ext4 partition (includes standard dual boot installs). Fragmentation is more of NTFS partition (used by Windows) problem than in ext4. The WUBI install uses a virtual disk (a large file) inside Windows NTFS partition. The virtualization also contributes to the slowness.


How do I change the default format of a shape (drawing object) in Impress

I'm using LibreOffice 4.4 but I believe I've done this on other version.

With nothing selected go to Format menu and set your preferences, or use the toolbar, reopening Impress will revert to default.

If you want something more permanent go to Format > Styles & Formatting [F11] and set your preferences to the Default style.


starting android avd fails, saying it can't find emulator, but it exists

Have you installed the 32 bits SDK on a 64 bits host, or vice versa?

If you are on 64bit you will need to install the ia32-libs package.


For total CPU usage:

If you ONLY want the CPU Usage in general you might try this:

top -b -d1 -n1|grep -i "Cpu(s)"|head -c21|cut -d ' ' -f3|cut -d '%' -f1 > file1.csv

This will give you only the CPU value and update the one in the file. If you want to APPEND the data to the file (since I see you are naming it a csv file) then instead of one > use two, like >> file1.csv.

For each thread and CPU usage:

First you need to eliminate the rest of the columns so it is easier to get the CPU data.

Run top and press f.
In this menu you select which columns you want to see and which you do not. For your case leave only the CPU column and name (if you want the name)
Press ESC to go back to the main Top menu and save with Capital W the change. Now you command is easier to parse.

Now for general CPU usage you normally have other tools like ps, iostat an doing a cat /proc/stat. For each you need a different parse like the one used for top. I only posted here for TOP since you explicitly  mention it in the title.

NOTE: Should be noted that top is not the most efficient way to see the CPU usage or to work with when parsing values for it. For some, using f2 in the cut command shows the value, for others the f3


12.10 Screen jitters/flickers when ever it needs to redraw graphics

Thanks for taking your time to help me. I managed to find a solution and thought I would share it. The problem was with my TV. The HDMI port I use was previously used for my xbox and was set in game mode. Changed it to PC and everything works great now.

//Trezzy


After some further digging. The java on this system is messed up after having issues with Ubiquiti's controller after upgrade from 16.04 to 18.04. Removing java references from /etc/environment did the trick.

What my etc/environment looked like before:

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"
JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle"
JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle" source /etc/environment

Fixed Version:

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"

Reference: Upgrade Problems - Ubuntu Forums


Alt+Printscreen stopped working, how to find processes listening to events

Per my edit, this appears to be directly linked to the kernel version 2.6.35 (and probably subsequent kernels) whereby alt+prscr renders a sysrq event.

SysRq appears to be unbindable (at least from my messing around) but you can disable the silly new behaviour by adding the following to /etc/sysctl.conf:

kernel.sysrq = 0


HP Proliant Microserver Gen8 cannot boot Ubuntu

It was quite simple. After some conversation with a HPE employee, I noticed that Ubuntu sometimes labels the HDD's wrong, making my secondary HDD the bootable one. Swapped the position of the HDD's and it all worked out!


"sudo service lightdm stop" will go into a blank screen

Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

If you are using GNOME:

sudo /etc/init.d/lightdm stop

to start again:

sudo /etc/init.d/lightdm start

If you are using GNOME:

sudo /etc/init.d/gdm stop

to start again:

sudo /etc/init.d/gdm start

If you are using kde:

sudo /etc/init.d/kdm stop

to start again:

sudo /etc/init.d/kdm start

Once you stop X, you need to get to virtual terminal.  In Ubuntu its Ctrl+Alt+F1 - F7, to login, and gain access to the system.


Can't change keyboard shortcut on Ubuntu 18.04

I found solution. Firstly, I should delete desirable combination if it uses as shortcut in another command.

I found desirable combination on the list on Keyboard settings, then selected this field and pressed Backspace to reset combination from this command.

Now I can set desirable combination to my custom shortcut.


What is the best way to get MTP working properly?

I've been using with success the solution described by WebUpd8: http://www.webupd8.org/2013/01/upgrade-to-gvfs-with-mtp-support-in.html.


Copy MP4 files from direcotry tree (-R) to a single directory

Using The find Command

find: Search for files in a directory hierarchy

Generic:

find [sourcePath] -name ‘[filename]’ -exec cp {} [targetPath] \;

Your Example:

find /hdd1mnt/Videos/ -name '*.mp4' -exec cp {} /hdd2mnt/ \;

Replace -name with -iname to ignore case.


Trying to change scroll bar width in Ubuntu 20.14

You have to be root in order to edit files in these folders. Using sudo gedit from a standard terminal will not work for some reason. Two step process, first form a standard terminal window type sudo gnome-terminal. This will open a second terminal window as root. Then typing gedit filename will allow edits to the files.
More on the changes needed to increase scrollbar width. First
cd /usr/share/themes/Yaru/gtk-3.0

in the root terminal. then type
gedit gtk.css

which allow you to edit the gtk.css file. add the following to the file:
scrollbar slider {
    /* Size of the slider */
    min-width: 20px;
    min-height: 20px;
    border-radius: 22px;

    /* Padding around the slider */
    border: 5px solid transparent;
}

save and close. Do the same to a file named gtk-dark.css. Move to
cd /usr/share/themes/Yaru/gtk-3.20

and edit the same files in that folder. Reboot and you scrollbars will be 20px wide.


Application to organize / manage installed networks

You can use a network monitoring tool that comes together with an „inventory” feature.

I am using Zabbix for monitoring all computers from a network and in Zabbix you can create a profile for each computer when you can add the mac address and various other information. Maybe Zabbix is a bit to much for your needs.

You can also try GLPI Project http://www.glpi-project.org/?lang=en ... I am not sure it is is also to complex for your needs or look at this project http://www.open-audit.org/about.php


This seems to happen when three conditions are met:

You mount the partition using the GUI (Nautilus or otherwise)

In the backend, this seems to use udisksctl mount

There is no entry for the partition in the filesystem table (/etc/fstab)

If there were an entry, it would specify the mount point

There is already a directory at the default mount point

The default mount point is /media/$username/$partition_label, so in this case, probably /media/dinesh/Name
I'm not sure why this happens. Maybe if the machine is not properly shut down?
It could also be a file not a dir, but practically, that doesn't happen

So, there are three solutions:
1. Delete the existing dir(s)
This is quick and dirty - more of a workaround than a solution.
With the drive unmounted, run this command:
sudo rmdir /media/$USER/Name*

Note that rmdir will only delete empty dirs, so if you accidentally run this while the drive is mounted, it shouldn't do any harm.
2. Create an entry for the partition in /etc/fstab
From nathwill's answer on a related question:

For a long-term fix, you could add the drive to /etc/fstab with a designated mountpoint. I recommend using the UUID to identify the drive.
Bonus tip: If you want the icon to be displayed when the drive is mounted, set the mountpoint somewhere within /media/. If you don't, set the mountpoint somewhere else, such as /mnt/.

If you prefer GUI, you can use Disks (gnome-disks) to set up an fstab entry:

From the Dash, type "Disks" then open it

Or from a terminal, run gnome-disks

Select the disk
Select the partition
Click the gear icon (for more actions)
Click Edit Mount Options
Disable Automatic Mount Options
Set Identify as to UUID=(uuid)
Set the Mount point

3. Mount the partition using CLI
This uses sudo mount, which IMO is way more hassle than the other two options, so I won't even bother explaining it.

More details
When using udisksctl mount, if the default mount point already exists, it will append 1. If the mount point with 1 already exists, it will iterate the number (2, 3, etc). It seems like earlier versions of Ubuntu used udisks --mount in the backend, which would mount to /media/$partition_label, and append an underscore if the mount point already existed. For example, see Why does the mount point keeps changing, and how can I prevent it?


Network Up Script does not work properly

I suspect the issue relates to the user you're running as. Try running sudo ./drok.sh and see if it works to confirm this. (You may want to temporarily remove your &>/dev/nulls to see why it's failing). If this is indeed the problem, I can think of two possible reasons:

dropbox may not be in the path for root. In this case, fully qualify the path to it.
dropbox may be expecting to run as you and not as root. In this case, try doing su - YOUR_USERNAME -c 'dropbox start' instead of dropbox start.


Try this:

Boot to Windows.
Download and install EasyUEFI.
Launch EasyUEFI.
In EasyUEFI, move the ubuntu option to the top of the list.
Reboot.

With any luck, GRUB will come up and give you the option of booting either Ubuntu or Windows.


how set aria2 with uget and autostart them with starting system?

All you need to do is apply the following Arguments to the Plugin Settings, click "OK", close and restart uGet.

URI: http://localhost:6800/rpc

Path: aria2c

Arguments: --enable-rpc=true -D --check-certificate=false


There is no direct way to tell an application to use a specific connection, you can do two different but complex things in order to acheve the same result.

First you can bind the two networks together so they're both being used:

http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/21544-42-combining-multiple-internet-connections-home-network

The other is that you set up one connection as a proxy service and configure individual apps to use the proxy instead of the general network.

http://www.ehow.com/how_5019947_set-up-proxy-server-ubuntu.html


KDE Hotkey-Volumecontrol stopped working

Seems I got more channels and the wrong one was selected...

Right Click on the Symbol --> Select Master Channel. And confirming by entering. With double-click it didn't work (tried it before). With enter everything is smooth again


How To make LXTerminal of lubuntu 16.04 transparent?

First install "compton"

apt-get install compton

Then run the following command for testing:

compton --opacity-rule 45:'class_g *= "X-terminal-emulator"'

It's an opacity of 45%, change it to what you like.

Above I typed "X-terminal-emulator", but to get the string you have to type, do the following:
1.) type xprop enter
2.) now there should be a crosshair -> klick on your terminal
3.) search for "WM_CLASS(STRING)"
4.) use this in 'class_g *= '...'

You can copy a basic configuration from /usr/share/doc/compton/compton.sample.conf or here http://duncanlock.net/blog/2013/06/07/how-to-switch-to-compton-for-beautiful-tear-free-compositing-in-xfce/ into the file ~/.config/compton.conf (you must create this if not present)

To make this permanent you can put this command into your profile settings.


Ubuntu keeps asking me for an authentication code when I download anything

First of all, Are you an Administrator? (You can check this searching "User Accounts" in the dash menu.

If you are an administrator, you should check your password, if you forgot it, you should read this guide, but instead of pressing the "ESC" key, press "Shift", as this guide is a little old, but it still works (at least in Ubuntu 11.10).

If you are not an Administrator, you should ask your's to help you, as a normal user cannot install Software.

Good Luck!


gthumb 3.0.1 - how to view, empty Trash?

In gthumb 3.0.1 (and in any earlier versions) pressing delete on the keyboard brings up the dialogue in the screenshot below (Are you sure you want to move  to trash?).
This trash folder is not a gthumb hidden folder, but is just the particular user's trash folder (/home/mike/.local/share/Trash/files), which is more easily accessible with a file explorer such as Nautilus. So if you load up Nautilus and go to the trashcan, your pictures should be there.


12.10 Desktop install stuck on checksum function

Ok, so 12.10 is not for older machines. Read other posts where users complained about similar experiences. I even tried installing from CD instead of USB in case my USB was faulty, same results.

I eventually found an old 8.04 build lying around, popped that in and it installed like a dream. It is currently upgrading to 10.something and I'll see how far it goes.

Bottom line, if you're running an older machine with older hardware, perhaps stay clear of 12.10 for now.


How do I accept the configuration screen that pops up when installing Postfix?

This is similar to this question for accepting an agreement in a debconf question.

 ⇆ TAB , then return ↵ will let you continue.


How to boot into runlevel 3 (as default) on Ubuntu Bionic(18.04)?

Use the following command:

systemctl set-default runlevel3.target

Inspired by: Post.


How can I give the packages in my PPA an icon?

Software Center gets it's metadata (including icons) from desktop files in /usr/share/app-install/.  The packages app-install-data and app-install-data-partner are installed by default and include desktop files for most of the items available in the software center.

The app-install-data package is automatically generated for each release, so packages available in the ubuntu repositories can just add an X-AppInstall-Package item to the .desktop file and wait for the next ubuntu release.

There's not really anything you can do for packages in PPAs.  There have been proposals to change this, but I don't think anything has come of them.  It's currently listed as an "Unresolved Issue" at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SoftwareCenter


I was able to resolve this issue by following these instructions:

Put your installation media into the computer
Switch on the computer
Press the spacebar as soon as the picture of the keyboard and human display at the bottom of the screen
Choose your language
Select Try Ubuntu without installing
Press F6
Select nomodeset
Press esc
Type: 1915.modeset=0 xforcevesa
Press enter and be amazed as Ubuntu loads.

I believe that the issue was due to the fact that I was installing on an older computer and the graphics card was having issues loading Ubuntu. All is well and good now and I'm able to boot into the system with no problems.


That is a lot of questions all mixed into one, I would separate them out, it is difficult to know where to start.

As far as an audio CD, you need to save the audio file as a .wav , then burn it to disk.

In my experience, all the programs you mentioned will work. I find K3b is most reliable and has the most options. YMMV and I am sure you will get other opinions from other people.


ASUS EeePC Fn+F2 ruins wireless until restart

I too have Maverick on a eee900A and I was having the same problem with the wireless.
I found
this fix, it worked beatifully for me.
Hope it helps

Ciao


Actually it was not freezing or hanging, it just filled up the cache (that is why it was faster at some point and suddenly looks like freezing.)

To make sure the copying running. You can do strace to see if system call I/O is running.

Open terminal, then ps -ef|grep <name_of_the_program> and then strace -p <prog_pid>.


Shrinking root device size after install?

You can resize the partition after booting from the Ubuntu live CD (or USB stick - in other words, the same medium you installed it from).

Using a windows-based partitioning program would most likely destroy all data on the linux partition (unless you're talking about some specific program which is explicitly aware of ext4 and knows how to resize it)


I don't think Canonical sells DVDs anymore (just USB drives with 16.04 pre-loaded onto them). You can buy an Ubuntu USB drive at http://shop.ubuntu.com

If you prefer a DVD, there are many to choose from on eBay for around $5 or less. Search eBay for "Ubuntu 16.04 DVD" and you'll find lots of them. Alternatively, ask your tech-savvy nephew, friend, or coworker to burn one for you.


Install older version of software and dependencies

First remove the packages

sudo apt-get remove r-base

A bit of cleaning

sudo apt-get clean; sudo apt-get autoclean

Reinstall R forcing an older version

sudo apt-get install r-base=3.0.2-1precise0


Ethernet connection Ubuntu 18.04 not working

Can you make a USB persistent boot drive?

Does that then pick up your NIC? Were you able to download updates during installation? I had someone break their network software completely one time. I forget the exact method, I think I created one off boot problems troubleshooting. Basically, I used "apt-offline" + persistent boot USB to download the NIC drivers + manager(s) that I needed, using the broken machine and then installed them after rebooting into the broken machine.

"mkusb" is handy for this if you have another Linux machine.

Edit:

Install "mkusb" (Linux) or some Windows equivalent (I have had Linux for a long time now, so I always use it to make boot USBs).
Select / toggle between persistant / live, pick the ISO and then create the USB boot stick.
Boot up your machine using one of the persistent options (why persistent? It automatically gives you a partition to store your downloads and allows you to install things onto the USB drive).
Install "apt-offline" (manual) on the USB (this is only if the drive auto-detects your network interface card (NIC) otherwise, the next steps won't help (however, you can carry apt-offline to the broken machine, detect what it needs, take that request back via USB to working machine, get the files and carry them back, your persistent USB being your network cable)
Download the NIC drivers and managers
Use dpkg -i < package name > in the Download folder when booted into the broken machine to install the packages.


DNS error when connecting to few sites from Ubuntu

Your problem is with the MTU setting for your DSL/PPPoE connection.

There's a MTU setting in Ubuntu's network configuration, and a WAN MTU setting in your router.

For DSL, a common MTU setting is 1492. Just go ahead and try this value first and see if your web sites are now accessible.

To determine the correct setting, start with all MTU settings = 1500 and VPN = off. (VPN requires different testing).

In terminal:

ping [-c count] [-M do] [-s packet_size] [host]

The options used are:

c count: number of times to ping
M hint: Select Path MTU Discovery strategy.  may be either do (prohibit fragmentation, even local one), want (do PMTU discovery, fragment locally when packet size is large), or dont (do not set DF flag).
s packet_size: Specifies the number of data bytes to be sent.

You should always start at 1472 and work your way down by 10 each time. Once you get a reply, go up by 1 until you get a fragmented packet. Take that value (last good value) and add 28 to the value to account for the various TCP/IP headers. Eg. let's say that 1452 was the proper packet size (where you first got an ICMP reply to your ping). The actual MTU size would be 1480, which is the optimum for the network we're working with.

ping -c 4 -M do -s 1472 8.8.8.8 # this will probably show fragmentation

ping -c 4 -M do -s 1462 8.8.8.8 # may show fragmentation

ping -c 4 -M do -s 1452 8.8.8.8 # no fragmentation?

ping -c 4 -M do -s 1453 8.8.8.8 # still no fragmentation?

reference: How to determine the proper MTU size with ICMP pings


Getting xaralx to run

The workaround for this problem is to rebuild the package. But don't worry! This is very easy to do with apt-build.

apt-build will automatically download the source, resolve the dependencies, build the debian package, and then install the package. The package can then also be removed through apt-get as normal.

apt-build is not installed by default:

sudo apt-get install apt-build

The installation will present a few configuration options; accepting the defaults is fine. (For more information on the configuration, see this answer on building from source.)

Then:

sudo apt-build install xaralx

This process will take some time depending on your computer. On my Asus X201E (Celeron 847, 1.10 GHz, 4 GB ram) it took about 30 minutes.

The process will also rebuild some dependent packages: xaralx-svg, xaralx-examples, and libxar-dev, so follow this with:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

The examples are not installed by default, so you may also want:

sudo apt-get install xaralx-examples

That's it! xaralx can now be launched normally and will start without an error.

Note: If you are on a 64-bit installation, you may see get this error message after apt-get update:

W: Failed to fetch file:/var/cache/apt-build/repository/dists/apt-build/main/binary-i386/Packages  File not found

This is harmless, but you can get rid of it by editing the apt-build source list. (See this answer, but please note that you only need to change apt-build.list. No changes are needed in the standard sources.list).

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/apt-build.list

Change

deb file:/var/cache/apt-build/repository apt-build main

to:

deb [arch=amd64] file:/var/cache/apt-build/repository apt-build main

Background information

This problem is the result of a bug that had been in a previous version of libwxgtk2.8-xx.

This affected all packages using wxWidgets that had been compiled against any version of libwxgtk prior to 2.8.10.1-0ubuntu1.

Most packages have since been fixed, but some older packages that have not have not had much recent development work, such as xaralx, may still have the problem.

The solution is to rebuild the package with updated dependencies.

This was reported against xaralx and the problem has been fixed upstream in the Debian package. For some reason, however, the Ubuntu package will still install a binary that has not been fixed and will not run.


How can I make Rygel's Playbin (UPnP/DLNA Renderer/Player) always show up full screen?

When running Unity, I can use the Fixed Window Placement Compiz plugin with ccsm. I have to add an entry under "Windows with fixed placement mode", and set its condition to "title=Rygel", and mode to Maximized.

Screenshot is in Hungarian (my native language), but you get the idea.

Note: The solution tends to work with some situations only, but mostly it's okay. If someone knows why, please tell me in a comment or something.


SchoolTool is a suite of free administrative software for schools. Since it can be installed easily and used with no licensing fees, SchoolTool can be used by schools for a single purpose, by individual teachers or small teams within schools, or as a whole-school comprehensive student information system, encompassing demographics, gradebooks, attendance, calendars and reporting.

Overview of Features

The standard installation of SchoolTool includes:

Customizable student and teacher demographics and other personal
data;
Contact management for teachers, students, and their guardians;
Teacher gradebooks;
Skill and outcomes based assessment;
Schoolwide assessment data collection and report card generation;
Class attendance and daily participation grades;
Calendars for the school, groups, individuals, and resource booking;
Tracking and management of student interventions.

Resources:

Home page
Project on Launchpad
Documentation
Developer tools

To install it:

sudo apt-get install schooltool

ENJOY!!!


Maybe the camera is locked. I own a MSI GS70-2PC-210US and from time to time this happens to me after doing updates.

Try pressing Fn+F6 (or whatever the camera lock/unlock button is located on your keyboard).


How do I slow my cursor on laptop so I can control it better

Goto

Settings
Mouse And Touchpad

Then Select The Pointer Speed.
And You're Done.


Fixed using an updated kernel/ramdisk available from the bionic-updates folders structure as opposed to their base one.


You want to use cron.

You create schedules within your crontab (crontab -e). The syntax of how to do that can be seen here.

If you wanted to clear /tmp/ at 6:45 AM every day you'd have something like the following in your crontab:

45 6 * * * /bin/rm -rf /tmp/*


Ubuntu 19.10 doesn't automatically read secondary drive

Run in terminal:

gnome-disks

Select your SSD
Select desired partition on SSD
Click Gears looking button named Additional partition options
Click Edit Mount Options... context menu item
Check the Mount at system startup checkbox

You could also edit your /etc/fstab config file adding there UUID of your partition, mountpoint folder, fstype, options, priority as it shown here:

UUID=248cea91-2ea8-4065-9039-0c5fcdb3fc98 /home ext4 defaults 0 0


64-bit install broken after 13.04 upgrade

It appears to have been quite a simple fix in the end.

Get to a root console and type:
'apt-get update && apt-get upgrade'

Hopefully you will see that 'nvidia-current' has been held back.

'apt-get install nvidia-current' should then fix your issue.

(edit: I just read that apt-get update doesn't work for you - luckily I escaped this. Not sure how to approach that - I too had issues writing to apt-controlled directories but they seem to have magically disappeared).


Configuring NAT with ufw instead iptables

Try:

-A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp -d 87.13.180.182 -j DNAT –to-destination 192.168.0.13


I didn't find the issue. So I installed Xubuntu and after i3wm, now it isn't heating.

Thanks for all the help and suggestions!


Issues using x11vnc when xfce's lock screen is active

Looks like theres a bug from 2014 which covers this:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/light-locker/+bug/1287171

I ended up removing light-locker and installing xscreensaver, and now I no longer have any vnc issues.


Is it possible to run more than one command in a someapp.desktop file?

You could try this Exec line for your .desktop file:

Exec= bash -c "firefox && /bin/monitor_process.sh firefox"

bash will open a shell and correctly interpret the &&.


Is there a benchmarking/monitoring tool that can be targetted towards running applications?

Since you talked about "core apps", I suppose you are referring to Ubuntu Touch Core Apps project.

In that case (Ubuntu SDK/QML development) there are two tools that you could find useful for your purpose:

PerformanceOverlay from Ubuntu.PerformanceMetrics module.

According to documentation:

  PerformanceOverlay

    Overlay displaying performance related metrics (rendering time, CPU usage, etc.)

    PerformanceOverlay displays various performance related indicators to help developers detect issues in their application.

Simply use top or htop from terminal, to spot CPU usage for each thread used by your QML application.

The tools I listed above are especially good to check out issue related to QML Animation usage.

If you need to track the time required by a JS/QML function to be run, you can use Console.time() and Console.timeEnd() method.

See http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-5/qtquick-debugging.html for further information on Console.time().


Where is source code of program dots (braille-program for blind people)?


I can't modify the screen brightness on Xubuntu 13.10

I am having the same problem with Ubuntu 13.10 install. My brightness shortcut keys (Fn + F5/F6) worked in 12.10 as well as 13.04.

I am using Sony Vaio SVE15113ENB with VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09).
Any help is appreciated.

I have tried:

Installing Additional Drivers from Software Centre
Finding /etc/X11/Xorg.con file but it does not exist for me.
Modifying grub file and sudo updating grub and then reboot.


This can happen occasionally when Apache refuses to stop nicely or has Zombie Processes. For the former you can kill all running processes with sudo killall -9 apache2; however, for the latter you'll simple need to wait for them to go away. In the event it's Apache not wanting to stop nicely, what you'll really want to do is investigate what's going on. Finding out exactly what's going on can be difficult though.

An interactive strace of the process id may lend a clue as to what site(s) are acting up and causing issues. From your above ps -A you can check the first process with

strace -p 1663

This will attach to the running processes stack trace providing live output of what is going on. At any time you can Ctrl+C

An additional resource is the main error log for Apache this can be found in /var/log/apache2/error.log You'll want to get a decent chunk of the log and skim it for details. If the problem is an ongoing issue running

tail -f /var/log/apache2/error.log

This similar to the strace will run in realtime. For the last N lines replace -f with -# where the # is a positive number like 50, 100, 282, etc.


No ethernet link detected on Ubuntu 18.04 for unknown reason

Kernel 4.15 is ancient, so best re-test with an up-to-date kernel. If the issue persists, a full dmesg log would be needed.


acer aspire 5737z memory card reader not working on ubuntu 14.04

Possibility that the drivers for the Card reader are missing (Assuming its built in). Try the command lspciin the terminal and check whether the driver is installed. You can also check this for reference.


Huawei E160 Wireless Dongle appears as a drive?

The drive you are seeing on your desktop is the USB card reader that is built into the modem device and should not effect the use of the modem.

To set up this device for Internet usage please do the following...

1) Click on the network icon at the top right of the screen
2) Go down to Edit Connections....
3) Click on Mobile Broadband
4) Click Add

You should see a setup dialogue with the option to use HUAWEI Technology HUAWEI Mobile.
Follow the instructions in this setup remembering to double check the information you select such as your provider, as you said it is o2 and the type of plan you have wither pay as you go or contract etc.

Once you have done this click save.

Once saved you should have a new option under your network icon for Mobile Broadband. Simply click on the new connection and away you go!


With option change sql_mode, You can 2 option is:

Change without restart DB is set global sql_mode with command:

SET GLOBAL sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
Option 2: You config File: /etc/mysql/my.cnf (UPDATE: Newer versions of Mysql e.g. 5.7.8 or above may require slightly different syntax)

sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"

and restart service mysql

Make sure that there is a dash between sql-moden not an underscore, and that modes are in double quotes.

Always reference the MySQL Docs for your version to see the sql-mode options.


Thanks, but it turned out that there was a problem on the server. Removal and re-installation of open-ssh on the server solved the problem.
H


Error during installation of openssh-server in Vmware workstation

Looks like Ubuntu in the VM unable to access internet. Fix the internet connection of the VM and your problem will be resolved.

Check the following troubleshoot guide for help.

https://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1016466


How can I most easily install NVIDIA driver 384 on Ubuntu 18.04?

Actually, the compatibility is >=384 which includes 390: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-toolkit-release-notes/index.html
For me the combination of Ubuntu 18.04, TensorFlow 1.11, Nvidia driver 390 and CUDA 9 works. But there was a problem I had to overcome first: By creating an Anaconda environment there was an incompatible cuDNN version (7.1.2) installed, which I had to overwrite manually with the system's version (7.3.1) I had previously installed.

btw: I was not able to install any other driver version than 390 on my system, although I removed this version before trying to install another one. But in the end it was not necessary.


changing PrintScreen screenshot directory in Lubuntu

Lubuntu 18.04 uses scrot, not gnome-screenshot, as its default.

If you haven't added gnome-screenshot yourself, apt policy scrot and apt policy gnome-screenshot will make things clear.

Use something like:

scrot -u /path/to/desired/folder/"$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)".png for an immediate screenshot of the active window

or

scrot -d10 /path/to/desired/folder/"$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)".png for a screenshot with a delay of 10s of the fullscreen; this option is useful for capturing drop-down menus

or

scrot -s  /path/to/desired/folder/"$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)".png for selecting an area of the screen to be captured.

$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)".png is the filename I use to "timestamp" the screenshots and to save in .png format.

Read man scrot for more on scrot and man date for naming files with timestamps.

In case you want to use keyboard shortcuts to launch the commands given above ...

Open PcManFM, the default file manager in Lubuntu.

Press Ctrl+H to enable viewing of hidden files and folders.

Open the .config folder and then, within that, the openbox folder.
In the openbox folder, you'll see lubuntu-rc.xml. Make a backup of this file somewhere convenient and rename it to ORIGINAL-lubuntu-rc.xml. This is important in case bad things happen.

Open the lubuntu-rc.xml file which is in ~/.config/openbox using Leafpad. Don't double-click on it. It will cause the file to open in a web browser which isn't what we want.
Scroll down till you see the following content:

  <!--
      Take a screenshot of the current window with scrot when Alt+Print are pressed
  -->
  <keybind key="Print">
    <action name="Execute">
      <command>lxsession-default screenshot</command>
    </action>
  </keybind>
  <keybind key="A-Print">
    <action name="Execute">
      <command>lxsession-default screenshot window</command>
    </action>
  </keybind>

Very, very carefully, replace that entire content with:

<keybind key="Print">        # Immediate scrot of active window
  <action name="Execute"><command>sh -c 'scrot -u /home/VistaRefugee/Pictures/"$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)".png'</command></action>
</keybind>
<keybind key="W-Print">        # Delayed scrot of full screen
  <action name="Execute"><command>sh -c 'scrot -d10 /home/VistaRefugee/Pictures/"$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)".png'</command></action>
</keybind>
<keybind key="S-Print">        # Interactive scrot
  <action name="Execute"><command>sh -c 'scrot -s /home/VistaRefugee/Pictures/"$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)".png'</command></action>
</keybind>

Change VistaRefugee/Pictures to whatever you desire.

Save lubuntu-rc.xml.

Open lxterminal and run openbox --reconfigure. You should get back the terminal prompt. The purpose of openbox --reconfigure is to make the system aware of the changes you made. It also parses the content to ensure there aren't any syntax errors. If anything else happens, restore lubuntu-rc.xml from your back-up and give up or try again carefully.

Note that what goes into lubuntu-rc.xml is different than what you can run from a terminal because of how Openbox deals with certain characters.

can openbox's rc.xml and menu.xml take complex shell syntax?
List of XML and HTML character entity references

Now, you can use

Print to capture the entire screen.
Shift+Print to capture a selected area of the screen
W+Print to capture the entire screen after a delay of 10s. Note that W is shorthand in openbox lingo for the Super key.

If you're planning to stay with Lubuntu 18.04 for a while, you may want to know more about Openbox, keeping in mind that lubuntu-rc.xml is just Lubuntu's name for what is also known as lxde-rc.xml or rc.xml in systems other than Lubuntu or where Openbox isn't used in the LXDE environment:

Documentation
LXDE: Meet The Heart & Soul — lxde-rc.xml
Openbox - Edit rc.xml to Gain Control


We can use option --remember to remember the specified location on push.

bzr push --remember [LOCATION]

If no location was defined yet a "specified location" will be created on first run.

source BZR User Reference


There is only one way out to this problem and that is to download it manually and install the kepler version manually by following steps

go to the downloaded package directory and unpack package

cd {directory where your browser downloaded the package to}
 tar -zxvf eclipse-SDK-3.4.1-linux-gtk.tar.gz && mv eclipse /opt
make scirpt

nano /bin/eclipse

now enter following to the scirpt

export MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME="/usr/lib/mozilla/"

export ECLIPSE_HOME="$HOME/opt/eclipse"

`$ECLIPSE_HOME/eclipse $*
Execute the script

chmod +x /bin/eclipse

This will add entry to the terminal so  you can access eclipse by typing
eclipse directly on terminal, if you want to add any new plugin you have to do it manually for more info on manuall installation of plugin see this link

for more info see this link


Is there any "official" guidance to upgrading from Lubuntu 18.04 LTS (LXDE) to Lubuntu 18.10 (LXQt)

From the release notes for Lubuntu 18.10:

  The most major and notable problem is that upgrading Lubuntu from 18.04 to 18.10 causes a fair amount of issues. Therefore, we are not officially supporting this upgrade path at this time, however we have prepared a page in the Lubuntu Manual which can help address the problems that arise after the upgrade.

Appendix D Upgrading from previous releases deals precisely with this issue.

Guidance is provided for those who want a GUI route and for those who prefer to use the command-line. Anyone considering upgrading can consult the link for full details.

Of note is the caution that, at some point during the upgrade, the user will be asked to choose between display managers:

  You will be asked to select a display manager, the new default is Simple Desktop Display Manager (SDDM). This will happen in the middle of the install, so don’t walk away until after you have done this.

Another point to note is this:

  Many of the old applications will not be removed. Newer and often times more featureful, Qt-based applications with the same functionality are installed during the upgrade. Having many unnecessary applications could bloat your system and isn’t the true Lubuntu experience, so uninstalling them may be a good idea.

There's a terminal command to remove what the Lubuntu team regard as unnecessary software:

sudo apt purge leafpad file-roller galculator gpicview xpad xfburn simple-scan mtpaint pidgin sylpheed transmission-gtk abiword evince gnumeric audacious gnome-mpv guvcview pcmanfm gdebi lxterminal hardinfo lightdm lxpanel lxsession obconf gnome-software gnome-disk-utility system-config-printer-gnome lxhotkey-gtk synaptic update-manager lxpolkit lxtask lxshortcut blueman usb-creator-gtk evince-common

Running

sudo apt autoremove

after the removal of the packages listed above would clean up further.


Set custom path for ubuntu to understand php is installed

You can put that line in your rc file. If you use bash, that file would be ~/.bashrc. Every line in that file will be executed when you open a terminal. Just put it in, save the file, and open a new terminal. Now you should be able to use php in terminal without typing anything.


Connect two subnets so that they can see each other

The machine you call "server" must act as a router if you want communication between your 2 networks.

You will find all the required information in the manual of the route command:

  man route

Basically, you need something like:

on the "Destination":

  route add -net 10.10.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.10.102.2

on the "Client":

  route add -net 10.10.102.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.10.100.2

The router should already have the 2 required routes, which are trivial.

Also check the netmasks are correctly configured on all the interfaces (on all machines): it must be 255.255.255.0 (or /24)


Kinda newish to Ubuntu, and I need some internet help

While a lot of times GUI would just work for most people, sometimes you will need to use the terminal (the black window where you can type commands) to fix problems. In general, no network can be because of several things.

Do you have the proper driver installed. Run the following command and see if anything is returned.

sudo lshw -class network

Can the driver correct auto configure ethernet interface. Try run the following and see if you see your router address.

arp -a

Do you have the correct network layer settings. Try the following and see if your computer has an IP address.

ifconfig

Do you have the correct routing settings. Try the following and see if you have the correct routing table.

route -n

Do you have the correct DNS settings. Try the following and see if your DNS can resolve to a well known website.

nslookup www.google.com

If any item doesn't have the correct settings, the remaining items will probably not work either.

Ref:
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/network-configuration.html


Accessing Python interpreter in Windows Subsytem for Linux, error in sshd_config?

My issue wound up being resolved. I contacted JetBrains, who told me that the tutorial was out of date and UsePrivilegeSeparation was deprecated. However after one of the latest early access builds of PyCharm (PyCharm 2018.3 EAP 7), they have added native support for connecting to interpreters on the Linux subsystem.


The script command apparently is provided by bsdutils package ( as per online version of the manual at http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man1/script.1.html     )   , so just reinstall that with sudo apt-get install --reinstall bsdutils.


How to Download files from Ubuntuone to Windows

For now, Ubuntu One for Windows only synchronizes files and folders in your Ubuntu One folder. This restriction will be going away with the next beta.


Found the issue from journalctl -xe. I enabled the BlockIPv6 yes option which requires extra plugin. sudo apt install dnscrypt-proxy-plugins solved it.


Sourcing Files in Bash Profile using Wildcard

source is an internal bash command that does only accept a single filename as argument. When you supply wildcards, only the first matching file will be processed.
To process multiple files, you can use the find command. source, however, is a shell builtin, i.e., not a command corresponding with an executable in your search path. Using the -exec option or xargs therefore will not work because these constructs only recognize executable files. Following construct, however, can work (with thanks to steeldriver).
while read -r f ; do source "$f" ;  done < <(find /home/myname/Projects -wholename '*/devel/setup.bash')


MySQL can't open files after updating server: errno: 24

OS: Ubuntu (Debian) deployments

MySQL Server Option: open-files-limit

It seems that the Debian upstart doesn't use the parameters defined in /etc/security/limits.conf, so when you launch mysql through the service command (and so, under upstart), it overrides those defined limits and uses the default 1024.

The solution is to modify the mysql.conf file that defines the upstart service, it is located in /etc/init/mysql.conf and add the following lines before the pre-start block:

# NB: Upstart scripts do not respect
# /etc/security/limits.conf, so the open-file limits
# settings need to be applied here.
limit nofile 32000 32000
limit nproc 32000 32000

References:

https://serverfault.com/questions/440878/changing-open-files-limit-in-mysql-5-5
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/server-options.html#c12634


Your Ubuntu Mate USB must have Persistence enabled. It can only be done at the time of transferring the iso to the USB in my knowledge.

Try re-transferring the iso using Unetbootin / Linux Live USB creator and select Persistence (with 512 MB at least) in the Options.


Using a Physical Hard Drive Pariition as a VirtualBox VM and as a Bootable Partition

I find solution for my own problem. It's not so simple. For me as an inexperienced Ubuntu users it's confusing. Eventually, I decide not to do this. But, maybe someone have another way to do this better than I do.

Install new Ubuntu OS

Install Ubuntu OS along side your main OS. In my case, it's linux mint. But, I see no difference in the process between mint and Ubuntu since mint is based on Ubuntu.

Create Medium File for Virtual Box to Read The New OS

After done installing. You need to create a medium for VirtualBox to read the partition which is contains the fresh installed Ubuntu OS. The way you do is like this:

VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename /path/to/file.vmdk -rawdisk /dev/sdX -partitions Y,Y

Where X is your hard drive and Y is your parition number. Don't include the partition that contains your main OS boot. Because we need different boot medium for the new OS that doesn't contains main OS boot. You may need to run as root.

Create Medium for Virtual Box to boot from new OS

For creating boot medium we will create an ISO image from new OS boot file. First, we have to do this in our main OS. Restart the computer and boot from main OS. In my case, I reboot to Linux Mint.

We need to create a temporary folder for creating iso boot file. So, once Mint is ready to do the job. Create a folder. I assume we doing this in Desktop. We will do like this:

Go to Desktop.
Create new folder and give it name "iso".
Open that iso folder and create a new folder again named "boot".
Open that boot folder and create a new folder once again named "grub".

If we are doing this via terminal, all we have to do just type this line and hit
enter

mkdir -p ~/Desktop/iso/boot/grub

Terminal is a great tool if we know what we're doing! ;)
Once the folders are created, we need to copy the new Ubuntu OS boot files to that folder. So, open the partition where we install Ubuntu OS and then copy all files from /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/ to ~/Desktop/iso/boot/grub. And copy all files from /boot/grub/grub.cfg to ~/Desktopiso/boot/grub.

Again, if this step is done via terminal, we should do like this:

cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/* ~/Desktop/iso/boot/grub

cp /boot/grub/grub.cfg ~/Desktop/iso/boot/grub

Open grub.cfg in ~/Desktop/iso/boot/grub/grub.cfg with text editor. Warning don't make any mistake, the one that you'll edit here is not the one in your /boot/grub/grub.cfg. If you edit the last I mentioned, your main OS boot will fail.
Once grup.cfg opened. Delete menuentry that not related to the new Ubuntu OS that we've installed. It's usually look like this:

### Begin /etc/grub.d/your_main_os ###
menuentry 'The text displayed in boot menu' {
    ----
    some code we don't need understand for this
    ----
}
### End /etc/grub.d/your_main_os  ###

Delete every menu entry that not related to the new Ubuntu OS we've installed. We don't need them to be exist in VirtualBox don't we?
Next, convert the folders with all files included to iso with this:

grub-mkrescue -o boot.iso ~/Desktop/iso

Note: If you got an error while doing this, you need to install xorriso first. with this:

sudo apt-get install xorriso

Iso file for booting is created. It will be good if we put that iso file in the same folder with the medium file that we're created.

Set the Virtual Machine to be Able to Boot the Exact Ubuntu OS that installed

We've created the medium to read the new installed OS and we've created it's boot loader for VirtualBox independently. The last thing is to configure, how Virtual Box should do this.

Go to where we put our medium.vmdk. Open terminal there and do this:

chmod -v 666 medium.vmdk

As root change medium.vmdk and boot.iso file permission. We've to be the owner of those file.
Open VirtualBox. Create a new machine. When the Hard Drive option gives options, select use an existing virtual hard drive and take themedium.vmdk
Finish it, but don't run it yet. With the new machine selected, open settings.
In Storage section, if there's no CD storage create the new one. Then make mount boot.iso that we've created in that CD storage.
Before close the Settings, go to System section to make sure. The CD storage that contains boot.iso is read first before Hard Disk. That way, Virtual Box will boot from CD to read the new installed OS.
Finish. And we can run the new Installed OS both from Virtual Machine and from real machine.

Important Notes

Even though we can boot it from two way. There's some issues i found.

Whenever we boot from real machine and then try to boot it from virtual machine it will be error. Because the physical drive state is changed without medium.vmdk knowing it. So, we have to create a new medium and change it's permission again to be able to boot from virtual machine. But, we don't need to create new boot.iso.
Because the MAC address from both machines is different. The OS will be confused when try to configure network settings. In my case, I installed Ubuntu Server as new OS and everytime I boot from different machine, it will give a message like "Waiting for network configuration ..." for about 2 minutes and then boot.

That's it. My solution for my own issue.


I just lost both wired and wifi network (Ubuntu14.04)

Since you can ping by ip address, you probably have a DNS issue.

What you can attempt is setting custom DNS server on your Ubuntu machine. My preferred method is adding supersede domain-name-servers xx.xx.xx.xx in /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf file.

For instance, this is excerpt from my /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf. Line numbers added for ease of finding where to place that line:

    16  #send host-name "andare.fugue.com";
    17  send host-name = gethostname();
    18  #send dhcp-client-identifier 1:0:a0:24:ab:fb:9c;
    19  #send dhcp-lease-time 3600;
    20  #supersede domain-name "fugue.com home.vix.com";
    21  supersede domain-name-servers 208.67.220.220;
    22  #prepend domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1;
    23  request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers,
    24      domain-name, domain-name-servers, domain-search, host-name,
    25      dhcp6.name-servers, dhcp6.domain-search,
    26      netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope, interface-mtu,
    27      rfc3442-classless-static-routes, ntp-servers,
    28      dhcp6.fqdn, dhcp6.sntp-servers;
    29  #require subnet-mask, domain-name-servers;

What does it do ? Basically, when you connect to a router, the machine asks DHCP server on the router to provide it with specific settings, among which is DNS server address. supersede domain-name-server basically means, give me everything else, but replace whatever the router has given me with my own DNS server. In the example above I use openDNS. With that setting, openDSN will be my domain name-server no matter to which network I connect

Once you have edited the file, restart network-manager with sudo service network-manager restart