Restrict access to apache2 web root but allow it to subfolders

seems like you told Apache to require a password for your web-root, but did you dell Apache to not require it for all other directories?

Inside your .htaccess (or in httpd.conf, they do the same job) you likely have something like what is below (add a pastebin link to your .htaccess file and I can make this exact):

<Directory "/www/private">
   Order allow,deny
   Allow from all

   Options Indexes
   AuthType Basic
   AuthName "Private Access"
   AuthUserFile "/www/private/.htpasswd"
   Require valid-user
</Directory>

But that will apply to all directories under that path as well. You'll need to explicitly tell Apache otherwise.

<Directory "/var/private/subdir">
    Satisfy any
</Directory>

You can use regular expressions with <DirectoryMatch "regex"> to generalize this, just don't forget to guard against asdf.com/subdir/../ expressions.

UPDATE:
Also worth mentioning that although much of the documentation already has <Directory[Match]> directives there are also <Location[Match]> directives that are helpful in the case of symlinks on the underlying filesystem.


New kernel using secure boot is it possible?

You need to sign the kernel.
the following [tutorial] (https://ubuntu.com/blog/how-to-sign-things-for-secure-boot) provides both the background and method for you.
Briefly :
create keys to sign your kernel/modules.
enrol keys onto your computer in BIOS.
use keys to sign.
as keys match between bios secure boot and the kernel you can run in secure boot.
I have done this for some development serial drivers I use on my server


How do I install the latest Mesa release?

You can get the latest stable MESA driver using Kisak Mesa. This is the most up to date stable MESA driver as it appears to be regularly updated whenever a new release is made available.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kisak/kisak-mesa
sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade

It is being maintained by a guy that works at Valve and is very actively maintained

Remember it is a community PPA, so use at your own risk.

Recently Canonical also put up a PPA for latest stable MESA, but this one is not updated as often and you might as well not use it.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/updates
sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade

IMPORTANT

When you dist-upgrade Ubuntu from say 18.04 to 18.10 it is important to roll back the driver and use the original one provided by that distribution. If you are on Kisak PPA, then remove it using:

sudo ppa-purge ppa:kisak/kisak-mesa

If you have used Padoka Stable PPA, then remove it using:

sudo ppa-purge paulo-miguel-dias/pkppa

otherwise you might risk breaking the graphics driver in the next release. While that definitely is possible to recover from, it is huge and cumbersome task for even an experienced Linux power user.

Earlier

Previously I instructed people to use Padoka Stable Mesa, however, that PPA hasn't seen much activity for a long time now.

If you are on that PPA, I advise you to remove that by running:

sudo ppa-purge paulo-miguel-dias/pkppa

After that you should be able to install the Kisak PPA using the steps above. Before doing so, please make sure, that Padoka Stable Mesa has been successfully removed.


How can I find all Ubuntu iso files and other images?

Three Ubuntu web sites that you can remember
Please look at the three following links,
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com
http://releases.ubuntu.com/
http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/
cdimage
A lot of official Ubuntu files, including the daily iso files of the developing version as well as released server files, are found at the cdimage web site. Here we focus on
Ubuntu Server

server iso files with the traditional debian installer and
compressed image files of preinstalled server systems

Such files for many different architectures are found at the sub-directory
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/18.04.3/release/
This link will be modified and point to a new version, when 18.04.3 is no longer the newest LTS [point] release. It should be easy to find the corresponding sub-directory of cdimage (as long as the current structure will be maintained).
Ubuntu netboot alias mini.iso
It is worth pointing to the following link,
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/netboot/
where we can find the Ubuntu mini.iso files, which are extremely small, and also have the debian installer. If you are happy with installing your server or desktop system in BIOS mode (alias CSM alias legacy mode), you can start from an Ubuntu mini.iso file.
There are still 32-bit mini.iso files (for previous versions and including a current version 18.04 LTS) for really old computers.
releases
The desktop iso files, community family flavours (also with desktop environments) and the new style 'live-server' iso files with the curtin installer are found at
http://releases.ubuntu.com/
old-releases
The files at those two web sites will be moved to
http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/
when it is time to replace them with newer versions. Here I found a corresponding server iso file with the debian installer for version 18.04.1 LTS, with a long time left until end of life. This version will stay with the hardware enablement stack around the linux kernel series 4.15.

You can find a lot of versions and flavours of Ubuntu via these three links. It is a good idea to browse them (spend some time to climb down into the directory trees).

cloud-images
There is also an Ubuntu web site,
http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/
with customized images to be used on public clouds:

Ubuntu Cloud Images are the official Ubuntu images and are
pre-installed disk images that have been customized by Ubuntu
engineering to run on public clouds that provide Ubuntu Certified
Images, Openstack, LXD, and more.

Screenshots
The following screenshots can help you see what you can expect to find via these three websites,
cdimage.ubuntu.com:

releases.ubuntu.com:

old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases (sorted by last modified):


I deleted it and installed it via apt and now it works.


Yes you can create a persistent live drive. You can use the tool mkusb for that purpose. See these links

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/persistent

Try Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, ...) before installing it


How to dual boot Ubuntu on "Dell XPS 13 9380"?

I had 18.04 installed via SD Card on my 9380. Since then I rebuilt my machine dual booting win10/Ubuntu 20.04. Works like a charm.

I didn't need to disable Secure Boot as it's supported on 18.04 upwards (maybe before). I think the option you're missing was to enable SD card boot. What I had to do:

Disable Bitlocker
Enable USB Boot Support
Enable Thunderbolt Boot Support
Put
Fastboot to Thorough
Enable SD Card boot ( System Configuration |
Miscellaneous Devices | Secure Digital (SD) Card Boot )

Get Windows to use AHCI
 - Go into MSConfig and set a minimal safe boot
 - Restart
 - Enter BIOS
 - Change to AHCI
 - Boot into Windows and turn off safe mode again (Win should now use the AHCI Drivers rather than that odd RAID)

Haven't played with it alot yet but the only issues I noticed after installation were

Wifi not enabled by default. Connecting to the web on Ehternet and apt-get update/upgrade seemed to rectify this.
SD Slot not recognised - I haven't attempted to rectify this yet

It was slow to install 18.04 from SD IIRC. I used a USB key the for 20.04 and the installation flew.


Intel Realsense 3d Webcam doesn't work correctly in Chrome or Skype on Ubuntu

With the version of skype that I have (8.18.0.6) under audio & video options you can choose the camera you want.


Error: Not enough space to load specified image

For what I understand, you have too little memory for the Ubuntu image to load. By since your laptop has 1GB of RAM I found it odd. If you can verify that you actually have 1GB of RAM then please run an app that can check your memory for corruption.

The fact that the installer fails in that part and Windows gives you a blue screen memory error might be signs that you have corrupted memory in your computer. This of course might not be the case but if you still want to go through with the installation then I would recommend the following steps:

Download the Ubuntu image again.
Do not use PenDriveLinux. Instead, burn the image in a CD/DVD in another computer.
Format the pen drive and copy the Ubuntu ISO image to the pen drive.
Boot in another computer from that LiveCD or LiveDVD that you burned.
Insert the pen drive and copy the Ubuntu ISO image from it to the LiveCD/LiveDVD desktop.
Open DASH in the LiveCD/LiveDVD desktop session and type Startup Disk Creator. you should see an app that looks like a hard drive with the Ubuntu logo on it. Run this app.
Follow the steps there to make a Pen Drive bootable with Ubuntu. Remember that the Ubuntu image is on the Desktop.
If everything is ok you should have a normal, Ubuntu made pen drive that you can insert into your laptop to test Ubuntu.


MySQL Workbench installation issue on Ubuntu 12.04 , 64-bit system

Have you tried with gdebi?
I've successfully installed it with the following:

sudo apt-get install gdebi-core
sudo gdebi ~/Downloads/mysql-workbench-gpl-5.2.47-1ubu1204-amd64.deb

Unlike apt, gdebi able to correctly resolve the dependencies.


Is it possible to boot without adding `pci=nomsi` or `acpi=off` to the grub command line?

Follow these steps precisely

Start your system as your traditional way :) Then open terminal(Ctrl+Alt+T) and execute these commands:

sudo cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.bak
sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

once grub is opened in gedit replace

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

by

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pci=nomsi"

Save and close gedit window.
Update grub and restart your system:

sudo update-grub
sudo reboot

Your system should starts normally. Reply if something goes wrong..


How to install a HSIA modem (EC156) on Ubuntu 12.04

I had the same question, and I ended up at the following post.

However, when I followed the command sequence per this post, I did not use the modem identifier the author has used (1505), instead I used 140b (because that is the value that was reported by lsusb; my output said 12d1:140b). I used 140b wherever the author of this post says 1505.

The sudo usb_modeswitch -I -W -c 12d1:140b command succeeded in identifying the modem and sending a message through the device.

Hope that helps.


Backlight broken after upgrading to Ubuntu 18.04

To get my backlight (and HDMI port) working I needed to install the system76 driver: https://support.system76.com/articles/system76-driver/. I guess the driver needed for my system76 laptop didn't carry over during the update from Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04.


Can 12.04 be installed using Btrfs only?

You have been able to install Ubuntu into btrfs since 10.10

See the following guides

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/btrfs

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1389279

With that said, see the stability section on the wiki

You can boot a btrfs root (/boot) partition with grub2 (1.99), but the initrd has to be compressed with zlib (not lzo)

Looking as /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf, gzip appears to be the default, you should be good to go.

And from the ubuntu wiki page I gave you :

  As of 11.04-beta1, it is possible to use only btrfs file systems with the caveat that grub _MUST_NOT_ be installed to the boot sector of the btrfs volume containing /boot.

So install Ubuntu 11.04 or higher, be sure to install grub to the MBR (this is the default behavior of the installer).


Unable to login with Xorg using Active Directory

After some digging i was able to find a solution.
We need to do some edit on xrdp.ini file

  sudo vi /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini

use_vsock should be set to false

  use_vsock=false

in order to work with TCP protocol.

Also all of the new users created via Active Directory should be given sudo permissions

  sudo usermod -aG sudo your_domain_user

And as final step

  sudo /sbin/shutdown -r now

After the restart i was able to login with each user.


Ubuntu 18.04 Gnome: How to fix nausea/headaches with LG Gaming Monitor (LG 32GK850G-B 144hz)

On Windows I updated via GeForce Experience, but on Ubuntu I used gnome-terminal:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt search nvidia
sudo apt install <latest drivers>

For me that was:
sudo apt install nvidia-396

NOTE: YOU MUST REBOOT FOR IT TO TAKE EFFECT
Double check you're on the right driver by opening nvidia-settings from terminal (if it throws an error, saying you can't detect the display it's due to being on the X driver (See: Software Updates > Additional Drivers to see all drivers on your system)
I also set the monitor settings to Reader Mode on Ubuntu (via the physical buttons), but on Windows when gaming I don't, not sure why that seems to help.
Note: It's a big monitor so you can still get motion sickness caused nausea from FPS games or games with a lot of camera movement, so to fix that:

push the monitor far away from you

or play the game in 'Windowed' mode so the screen is tiny.
That's not the monitor's fault, that's just your brain trying to make sense of all the movement.


Unable to set static IP on embedded with ubuntu 16.04

Finally, I found that connman was the responsible when I looked at /etc/resolv.conf

I solved it with:

sudo apt-get remove connman
sudo reboot


Change the default background that fades from

If you want your login greeter wallpaper to match your user wallpaper:

Copy your desired wallpaper into /usr/share/backgrounds (make sure it's readable by "other")
Open dconf-editor and go to com > canonical > desktop > unity-greeter
Change the background entry to the path of your desired wallpaper: /usr/share/backgrounds/[your desired wallpaper]

Next time you logout and log back in, you should see your desired wallpaper on the login screen.


Portuguese dictionary empty in Ubuntu 13.10 and 14.04

Update: This fix was successfully tested in Trusty. The dictionary file is updated to the latest version.

I finally managed to solved this problem. This is a bug that first appeared in Lucid and persisted with Oneiric. For some reason it has re-emerged in Saucy. The difficulty was then to find a source for the dictionary, which eventually I did. The fix is then:

cd /tmp
wget http://natura.di.uminho.pt/download/sources/Dictionaries/aspell6/aspell6.pt-preao-20150102.tar.bz2
tar xjf aspell6.pt-preao-20150102.tar.bz2
cd aspell6-pt_PT-preao-20150102-0
./configure
make
sudo make install


How do I get sound to work on my iMac G5 running Ubuntu 12.04.1?

After much searching I finally found this one command that did the trick and the sound is crystal clear after rebooting. Here's what I entered in the Terminal:

sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.local.conf

Just reboot and it all works perfectly. I found the fix at the Ubuntu wiki.


dd outputs nothing and takes a while to run.  Give it ten minutes and see if it finishes.


I don't know how to configure usb modem for huawei 3g mobile network of cat cdma

I got the apns detail from huawei mobile phone and it is the configuration for the mobile broadband. It work perfect.


Why did I have to remove resolvconf to get dnsmasq to work again?

The simple answer to (1) is: resolvconf sets itself up as the intermediary between programs that supply this information (such as ifup and ifdown, DHCP clients, the PPP daemon and local name servers) and programs that use this information (such as DNS caches and resolver libraries). As of Ubuntu 12.04 resolvconf is part of the default installation in both the server and desktop variants. It is never necessary to remove resolvconf and people who do remove it usually don't understand it, generally because they haven't read resolvconf(8) and /usr/share/doc/resolvconf/README.gz.

The answer to the second question is that resolvconf most probably did not interfere with dnsmasq. My guess is that you were running into bug #959037.

Explanation: In Ubuntu 12.04 there are two ways in which dnsmasq gets run. There is the traditional standalone version of dnsmasq which listens on all addresses. And there is the new NetworkManager-controlled dnsmasq process which listens only on 127.0.0.1. The latter conflicts with the former unless the former is reconfigured. This problem was solved in Ubuntu 12.10 by having the NM-controlled dnsmasq process listen on 127.0.1.1 instead of 127.0.0.1 and by forcing the standalone dnsmasq process to listen only on addresses assigned to interfaces.


How do I get and install an unmodified kernel?

If you click through to see what's available, you'll see that many of the kernels end in the release name (that is -maverick, -lucid etc).

The most compatible ones will be the ones for the release you're using. In your case, 10.04 is Lucid.

But it is usually possible to mismatch versions pretty heavily. I used a -maverick kernel on Lucid for quite a while and then switched back to compiling them straight from kernel.org myself (as I still do).


Close all windows of the same application in gnome shell

You can do the following command in terminal.

killall <application>

or press super key (windows/apple/ubuntu key) and type xkill. And click on the application you want to kill.


"Couldn't get UEFI db list " bug after the second opening Ubuntu

Try to make boot USB with etcher program https://www.balena.io/etcher/
I've got the same problem, but after use etcher, I've successful result!


Similar things started happening to me after I upgraded to the 2.6.35-25 kernel.  That may not be the cause of your problem, but try when you boot selecting the previous kernel version instead (2.6.35-24) and see if the problems go away.

Here's a related bug report:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/703553


Is it possible to merge multiple gnome-terminal windows into a single tabbed view?

There may be another, easier way to do this. But what I've found to work, is to activate the tab-bar in both terminal windows by pressing
ctrl + shift + t
and dragging the proper tab into one of the gnome-terminal windows. Then close the empty tabs until you are left with a single view.
Illustration
Drag the tab into the other windows tab-group

Once you have 3 open terminal tabs in a single view, close the extra, blank, terminal tab/window and you have achieved the desired result.


How to collapse and expand a ListItem.Standard?

I think what you need is the ListItem.Expandable SDK component. It was added in the 14.10 SDK Framework which is at the time of writing this answer is a development framework. It provides the capability to collapse and expand the listitem on clicking it.

I would recommend you read the API documentation here to learn more about the component and see how to use it in your application.

Code Sample

Here is a small code sample that creates such a component,

import QtQuick 2.0
import Ubuntu.Components 1.1
import Ubuntu.Components.ListItems 1.0 as ListItem

MainView {
    id: mainView

    width: units.gu(50)
    height: units.gu(75)

    Page {
        title: "Sample Expandable App"

        Column {
            anchors { left: parent.left; right: parent.right }
            clip: true

            Repeater {
                model: 2
                ListItem.Expandable {
                    id: expandingItem1
                    expandedHeight: contentCol1.height + units.gu(1)

                    onClicked: {
                        expanded = !expanded;
                    }

                    Column {
                        id: contentCol1
                        anchors { left: parent.left; right: parent.right }
                        Item {
                            anchors { left: parent.left; right: parent.right}
                            height: expandingItem1.collapsedHeight
                            Label {
                                anchors { left: parent.left; right: parent.right; verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter}
                                text: "Item " + index
                            }
                        }

                        UbuntuShape {
                            anchors { left: parent.left; right: parent.right }
                            height: index % 2 == 0 ? units.gu(6) : units.gu(18)
                            color: "khaki"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Clock App Giff

I have attached a gif below where we use in the clock app to set the alarm duration.


How to list configuration files for a package before installing the package?

You can view the file list online on packages.ubuntu.com.

For example, for package dnsmasq, release xenial (16.04), architecture all, the URL is packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/all/dnsmasq/filelist. Info copied here:

  File list of package dnsmasq in xenial of architecture all

/etc/default/dnsmasq
/etc/dnsmasq.conf
/etc/dnsmasq.d/README
/etc/init.d/dnsmasq
/etc/insserv.conf.d/dnsmasq
/etc/resolvconf/update.d/dnsmasq
/lib/systemd/system/dnsmasq.service
/usr/lib/resolvconf/dpkg-event.d/dnsmasq
/usr/share/doc/dnsmasq


Move multiple files to a dir if their names contain the same string present in dir name

Assuming your files stored in source dir and your target folders are in dest like following tree:

$ tree source
source
├── dir1
│   ├── ABA.xy
│   ├── ACA.xy
│   └── BEB.xy
└── dir2
    ├── ABA.rr
    ├── ACA.rr
    └── BEB.rr
2 directories, 6 files

$ tree dest
dest
├── ABA
├── ACA
└── BEB
3 directories, 0 files

The command would be:

find source -type f -exec sh -c 'noext="${0%.*}"; echo mv '{}' "dest/${noext##*/}/"' {} \;

the source is the source directory or specify the parent directory.
noext="${0%.*}" strips the files extension and saves the result into noext variable.
"${noext##*/}" removes the file path portion from noext variable and pickup the only file name.
dest directory is destination parent directory.
So mv '{}' "dest/${noext##*/}/"' moves the current file to dest/$noext directory.

The content of noext in above command is only filename without extension and path in it that specify the destination directory which is the same name as the current file name.

Here is a sample test that show the result of command

Note that this commands used echo for testing and dry run. If you ensure about what you are do, remove the echo in front of mv command to perform actual moving.


Wiped Ubuntu files, bootloader still there, how can I remove it and restore Windows?

1 - Live CD

First, you'll need to boot from a Ubuntu Live CD.

2 - Resize the Windows partition

Using the Gparted Partition Editor, you can resize your Windows partition so that it uses the whole disk again, if you wish to do so.

To resize a partition in Gparted, select the disk that contains the partition in the dropdown list in the top-right corner of the Gparted main window.

Click on the partition's graphical representation, then go in the Partition menu and click on Resize/Move.

You can now resize the Windows partition by dragging its graphical representation to your desired size. Alternatively, you can also type in the exact size you want.

The yellow portion represents used space on the partition.

When you're satisfied, click on the Resize/Move button.

And now, to apply the resize action, go in the Edit menu and select Apply All Operations.

3 - Restore the Windows bootloader

To restore the Windows bootloader, follow these steps.

Open a terminal from the Live CD, and run the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair
boot-repair

After a few seconds, Boot Repair's main window will open.

Select Advanced options.

In the Main options tab select Restore MBR.

In the MBR options tab, select the drive and the partition that contains your Windows installation. By default, all the options should be correct, but double-check anyways.

Finally, click on Apply.

You're done!

Reboot to test everything out. :)


Safely dual-boot XP and Ubuntu 12.04 Desktop?

My advice to your case is for you to install Ubuntu with the Windows installer. You can see your disk partitions and tell the installer how much should he steal from the windows partition to create the Ubuntu partition.

Download the Windows installer for Ubuntu Desktop.

By the print-screen bellow, you can see that you can tell at the installer in which installation drive will the Ubuntu be installed, and how much space should be available for the new Ubuntu partition:

Please see the official step by step guide for detailed instructions.

To answer your question related to the bootloader, after the installation is concluded, you will have a boot manager that allows you to select the OS to boot in:


Installing texlive-fonts-extra messing up i3's font-awesome icons

I resolved the problem via the following steps:

apt install texlive-fonts-extra
Edited the font pango line in ~/.config/i3/config
from font pango:System San Francisco Display 9
to font pango:System San Francisco Display, FontAwesome 9

Note: The font-awesome icons are still rendered incorrectly inside a text editor. But this successfully resolves the problem for i3.


Is there a way to do a fresh install of just Ubuntu and wipe the hard drive completely?

Yes, and for that you'll need to make an Ubuntu installation CD/USB (also known as Live CD/USB), and boot from it. When the desktop loads, click the Install button, and follow along, then, at stage 4 (see the guide), select "Erase disk and install Ubuntu".

That should take care of wiping the disk out completely.

Live CD

Live USB

Installation

Last, but not least, backup whatever files you want to keep before you start, and then restore them after the installation.


16.04 LTS Xenial looking into focal repository

Your OS in docker is not the same as in your host system, your /etc/os-release file on your host does not matter.

This is what's happening:
Step 1/16 : FROM ubuntu

If you don't specify the version of a package in your Dockerfile, it loads the latest version (ubuntu:latest) from docker hub. And there, you can read:

The ubuntu:latest tag points to the "latest LTS", since that's the version recommended for general use.

So, currently this is focal.
To specify a version, you can change the line in your DOCKERFILE from
FROM ubuntu

to e.g.
FROM ubuntu:bionic

However, you have to find a different source for java, the PPA description says:

Oracle Java downloads now require logging in to an Oracle account to download Java updates, like the latest Oracle Java 8u211 / Java SE 8u212.
Because of this I cannot update the PPA with the latest Java (and the old links were broken by Oracle).
For this reason, THIS PPA IS DISCONTINUED.


Choose another partition for /home directory during installation of Ubuntu?

Yes it is, you need to select the advanced partition option:

Once you see this screen you need to resize the root partition (ext4) and then use the Add button to add a new partition:

Where you see "mount point" that should say /home and the size should be an acceptably large size for your home partition.

WARNING! Having a separate partition has it's down sides, you will not be able to adjust the amount of free space between your ubuntu partition and your home directory later, it's very fixed so think carefully about how much space you really need.


Deleting the Ubuntu partition will solve nothing by itself, it will only make things worse.

Use a Windows XP CD to boot. If you don't have yours, any Windows XP installation CD should do the trick.

Then, when asked, press R to enter the recovery console.

Issue this commands:

fixmbr

And that's it, Windows should boot again. Now, you can delete the Ubuntu partition and try again if you want to.


that will work fine. I did the same on my Asus 1201n EEE PC. :)

If you got less than 2Gb RAM I wouldn't install 64-bit since it uses slightly more RAM, not much but slightly. It depends on how much RAM you normally uses, like do you have 15 tabs opened in Chrome at the same time, then 32-bit might be slightly better. But this is a corner case and in most cases you don't have to worry about this.


XFCE install on top of server 20.04 is missing main menus in apps

I figured out the packages causing the issue and did the following to fix it.

1) First I installed "xfce4-appmenu-plugin". It uninstalled a couple of unity packages (which I think were the culprits) and installed a handful of dependencies producing the following log (it gives an idea of what was uninstalled and installed)

Removed the following packages:
unity-gtk2-module
unity-gtk3-module

Installed the following packages:
appmenu-gtk-module-common (0.7.3-2)
appmenu-gtk2-module (0.7.3-2)
appmenu-gtk3-module (0.7.3-2)
appmenu-registrar (0.7.3-2)
bamfdaemon (0.5.3+18.04.20180207.2-0ubuntu2)
libappmenu-gtk2-parser0 (0.7.3-2)
libappmenu-gtk3-parser0 (0.7.3-2)
libdbusmenu-gtk4 (16.04.1+18.10.20180917-0ubuntu6)
vala-panel-appmenu-common (0.7.3+dfsg1-2)
xfce4-appmenu-plugin (0.7.3+dfsg1-2)

This step partially broke xfce panel (many errors) and menus completely disappeared from ALL GTK apps.

2) After that I completely uninstalled all packages installed in step 1 (listed above).

The net total is uninstalled unity-gtk modules. I didn't try doing just that but possibly simply uninstalling them could fix the missing main menu problem.

Reboot (or maybe simply restart lightdm) and all the menus are back!!!


Changing default email client (kmail --> thunderbird) (Kde 5.12.5 / 18.04)

Search for System Settings in the menu. Open. Go to the Applications submenu and under Default Applications select Email Client. Click the radio button for 'use a different email client' and enter thunderbird %u. Then Apply.

If that doesn't work try right clicking at the top of Thunderbird to show the menu bar. Go to the Edit menu, select Preferences and then Advanced on the window that pops up. Under the General tab there is a System integration setting with an option to check that Thunderbird is the default email client.


can u help me to make work my amd radeon hd 6470 or a solution in my Dell inspiron N5110?

This link worked for me:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1893523

I tried it on ubuntu 32 and 64 bits, achieving a successful installation

You start from the boot option from the installation CD, with the code "nomodeset" as described in the link.

Good Luck!


Apparently if I just wait long enough, the GUI login comes up.


Unable to boot windows 8 after formatting ubuntu partition and reinstalled ubuntu

The ISO file you have can be either burnt on a CD or on a live-USB.  (the same way you downloaded the Ubuntu ISO to create your Ubuntu disk).


Make speakers and headphones work together at the same time

Thank you for your time everybody, playing farther I eventually noticed MM sign below the volume bar. It means muted. It's changed via m button. Speaker volume and auto mute must be also properly setup.


You can check https://moinakg.wordpress.com/2017/05/02/boot-environments-on-linux/ to have a boot environment in Btrfs.


How do I set a global SOCKS proxy in Xubuntu?

There is no way to set a global SOCKS proxy, many applications do not have SOCKS proxy support.
What you can do is use utility like "tsocks" which tunel all the TCP connections from an application using the SOCKs server.

tsocks is available from the repositories.


Ubuntu installation from live CD: Hangs after splash screen

Try if it boots with mode "ACPI disabled" or with less resolution in graphics card or simply boot with VESA mode ?


Easiest way to check if Wine uses my discrete GPU (AMD)?

to check for graphic card used, you can use the WINDEBUG environment variable with the wgl channel.

Example:

WINEDEBUG=+wgl wine game.exe &> wine.log

Wine will then output something similar to this

0036:trace:wgl:X11DRV_WineGL_InitOpenglInfo GL version             : 3.0 Mesa 19.2.8.
0036:trace:wgl:X11DRV_WineGL_InitOpenglInfo GL renderer            : Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 630 (Kaby Lake GT2) .
0036:trace:wgl:X11DRV_WineGL_InitOpenglInfo GLX version            : 1.4.
0036:trace:wgl:X11DRV_WineGL_InitOpenglInfo Server GLX version     : 1.4.
0036:trace:wgl:X11DRV_WineGL_InitOpenglInfo Server GLX vendor:     : SGI.
0036:trace:wgl:X11DRV_WineGL_InitOpenglInfo Client GLX version     : 1.4.
0036:trace:wgl:X11DRV_WineGL_InitOpenglInfo Client GLX vendor:     : Mesa Project and SGI.
0036:trace:wgl:X11DRV_WineGL_InitOpenglInfo Direct rendering enabled: True

References:

https://wiki.winehq.org/Debug_Channels
https://wiki.winehq.org/3D_Driver_Issues


Errors when attempting to install vim on Ubuntu 12.04

you carefully type command first.

sudo apt-get install vim-gnome

link:Installation Vim on Ubuntu

I hope to solve your issue.


How can I rename a color profile and change the title stored in the ICC file?

OK, finally I did it under ubuntu with IccXML:

open a terminal

install prerequisites:

sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev
sudo apt-get install libtiff5-dev

make a working directory

cd $HOME
mkdir icc
cd icc

get the source codes:

wget http://netcologne.dl.sourceforge.net/project/sampleicc/sampleicc%20tar/SampleIcc-1.6.8/SampleICC-1.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://netcologne.dl.sourceforge.net/project/iccxml/IccXML-Src/IccXML-0.9.8/IccXML-0.9.8.tar.gz

extract and compile SampleICC

tar -xzf SampleICC-1.6.8.tar.gz
cd SampleICC-1.6.8/
./configure --prefix=$HOME/icc/
make -j
make install

extract and compile IccXML

tar -xzf ../IccXML-0.9.8.tar.gz
cd IccXML-0.9.8/
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$HOME/icc/lib/pkgconfig ./configure --prefix=$HOME/icc
make -j
make install

Get a testfile and do the job:

cd $HOME/icc/bin
wget http://www.tftcentral.co.uk/icc_profiles/dell_2707wfp.icm
./iccToXml dell_2707wfp.icm dell_2707wfp.xml
gedit dell_2707wfp.xml

Now go to the end of the file, change the description data as you want, save the file and close gedit.

./iccFromXml dell_2707wfp.xml dell_2707wfp_new.icm

OK, have a look on the original:

./iccDumpProfile dell_2707wfp.icm ALL | grep -A 1 textDescriptionType

Output:
Type:   textDescriptionType
"Dell 2707WFP.icm"

and a look of the new one:

./iccDumpProfile dell_2707wfp_new.icm ALL | grep -A 1 textDescriptionType

Output:
Type:   textDescriptionType
"Dell Test 2707WFP.icm"


xfce4-screensaver change lock screen background

The same issue with xfce4-screensaver was resolved by removing the desktop settings file ~/.config/xfce4/xfconf/xfce-perchannel-xml/xfce4-desktop.xml for me.
The ~/.config/xfce4/xfconf folder stores the settings of the xfconf daemon, which can be viewed with a gui using xfce4-settings-editor. The corruption of settings files may have happened during the update to version 4.16.0 of xfce4-screensaver.


Unexpected behavior with dd cloning a LUKS encrypted disk

It appears this is related to the use of USB chasses to test the 3.5" backup HDDs.  Although the answer is unrelated to dd, I'll post it in case someone runs into a similar issue.
The original drive uses 512 byte sectors, but apparently most external 3.5" usb chasses use a chipset which decides that windows is the only OS anyone possibly would want to use.  Bill Gates says sectors are 4K, so they must be 4K.  It then cheerfully reports the original sector start numbers for partitions.  But now it reports a 4K sector size, which linux then converts to the wrong byte offset.  It also explains the 14.6T partition size reported.
Using a loopback device with the right offset does allow mounting and access of the partitions --- though I still seem to be unable to access the LUKS sdb5 partition (since it isn't reported), even when I put in the address calculated from the offset on the original drive.  The data's there, but the screwy reporting keeps cryptsetup from working.  Not sure if there is a workaround other than getting a less presumptuous usb chassis.
Plugging the HDDs (via sata) into the original PC does show an sdb5 partition.   DD apparently did work as expected, even copying the disk ID.  My 2.5" usb chassis (used for attaching the original drive to the laptop) didn't have the same problem.  Either it wasn't designed for windows or maybe it just associates a block size of 512 with SSD's.  In either case, it returns the correct sector size, and I can access the LUKS partition.
So... a cautionary tale about assuming that even the simplest devices won't try to "correct" you.  All is for the best in the best of all possible worlds.


How to install Gnome 3.14 in Ubuntu 14.10?

Rico's PPA clearly states it depends on both the other PPAs, and the Staging PPA states it depends on the main PPA. However, looking at the current set of packages in the staging PPA for 14.10, I'd say Rico's PPA isn't needed. However, the staging PPA is not enough on its own. The main PPA is also needed.


Is there a good alternative of 'TextAloud' text to voice software?

How about NR 6.6? From this webpage:

  Regarding other good-sounding text-to-speech software, I looked everywhere, tried everything and NR was easily the best.


17.10 How to reset DE (Gnome) after KDE installation?

Open a terminal: (Ctrl + Alt + T)

sudo apt purge kubuntu-desktop

This is based on Restore qt integration after removing KDE:

sudo apt-get purge oxygen-cursor-theme oxygen-cursor-theme-extra oxygen-icon-theme oxygen-icon-theme-complete gtk2-engines-oxygen gtk3-engines-oxygen kde-style-oxyge

Now reboot


Found a workaround for the problem.
In CompizConfig Settings Manager > General > General Options, turn Focus prevention level OFF.


How to get rid of grey area after gnome-screenshot being executed

I had the same issue and changing permissions of ~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel fixed it for me.

sudo chown user:user ~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel

Replace 'user:user' with your username of course.


manually installung Grub2 after Windows8.1 update 1

You have to install the package grub-efi-amd64-bin on your running live-system.
You can do this by using the following command:

  sudo apt-get install grub-efi-amd64-bin


DRM (or, Digital Rights Management) is a way for content producers to secure their content from unauthorized viewers in a relatively reliable way.

DRM, by nature, will grant no inherent security flaws to your system as it's just a way to ensure that you are able to read content. Now, this may mean that DRM checkers may run some limited code on your computer to make sure that you're actually permitted to view the protected content. Worst case, a so-far unknown vulnerability in the DRM check system could be used as a drive-by malware attack, but this risk is no less present than it it in advertisements and the like.

The main opposition and the "risk" of DRM (as implied by your comments) isn't a security issue, but the risk to free media and culture, as it can be used to limit freedom to some extent. However, DRM checking is no more dangerous that already-existing web tools, and it really doesn't have any more power over your system.

If you are uncomfortable with it for whatever reason, it's always possible just to disable DRM enforcement, which may have the side effect of blocking your access to some web content. To do this, simply disable any DRM-related plugins in Firefox (likely just the Adobe Primetime DRM plugin).

In your specific case (Firefox), you're using a platform known as the aforementioned Adobe Primetime DRM system. Essentially, this is a glorified password manager meant to ensure that you have secure access to a protected stream by way of encryption. As long as there are no major security vulnerabilities in Primetime, it will do no more than decrypt media for you to watch whenever you request DRM-protected content.


How to use the cmd "gnome-software --install=ID"?

Here is what the author of blyr recommends. Quote:

git clone git@github.com:yozoon/gnome-shell-extension-blyr.git
cd gnome-shell-extension-blyr/
make local-install

Then just restart the Shell and enable the extension.

To remove the extension just run:

make local-uninstall

Note:

Some Ubuntu users reported that the preferences dialog didn't appear after opening it from the GNOME Tweaks application. To fix the issue install the gtkclutter bindings as follows

sudo apt install gir1.2-gtkclutter-1.0


Ubuntu does not log in after installing nvida driver

You need the NVidia 319.60 driver.  Try that one.  As you have noticed, the wrong driver just doesn't work.  Usually selecting the "current" or "current updates" will give you a working driver.


Installed ubuntu on netbook but unity is too heavy, would i benefit from installing mir?

No. Don't do it.

Mir is a display server and it's used just for displaying stuff. Just like Wayland or X. (Yes, your system is using X right now.) "Hey, X! Stuff on the screen has changed. Could you please redraw it?"

On the other hand Unity is a desktop environment and it's responsible for the bar you see on top of the screen, the dock and menu you use to launch apps, etc. "Hey, Unity! User has clicked the menu button! Please make the image of an open menu, so X can draw it on the screen."

Mir is supposed to be more efficient than X, but the version of Unity you use is not prepared for Mir. It would be specially treated. (Mir would pretend that it's the X.) That special treating would make everything slower than using X directly. And Mir is in development and that means bugs. You don't want bugs, trust me.

As for running hot... We're not wizards and we need more info about your netbook. Without it I can only guess. Perhaps the processor usage is high? (Check it in System Monitor app.) Or maybe your graphics drivers are not making optimal use of your graphic card? (What graphic card and drivers do you use?)

So what is your version of Ubuntu, what netbook model is it exactly?


Configure firewall (Shorewall/UFW) to allow traffic for services on an Ubuntu Server

I learned everything I needed to configure UFW from this excellent tutorial:

Enable ssh (replace 22 with the non-default port)

sudo ufw allow 22

Enable ufw and by default deny all incoming (udp/tcp) traffic:

sudo ufw enable
sudo default deny

Enable Samba

sudo ufw allow samba


Trusty with Xenial kernel locks on boot. AMD A8-6500 APU

I never found out what was causing the problem HOWEVER once I uninstalled the Cinnamon and LXDE desktops from my system, it booted up just fine with the most recent 4.4 kernel.


AMD radeon does support multiple desktops and multiple screens,
and AMD's (4-core) APU (CPU and GPU in one) does support 3d gaming with 4 users, 4 screens, in HD.

Nvidia is not the best card to have when you're using linux.


Keyboard shortcuts stop working intermittently

I managed to find the unlikeliest culprit: the Caprine Messenger app.! This could also happen with many other applications made with the Electron framework (Spotify, Atom, VS Code) until the bug in the shortcut library is fixed.

I now know how to consistently reproduce the bug after reading the bug report on the electron issue tracker: just close the app so that it just resides in the system tray. But before I got there I managed to find conclusive evidence that it was Caprine that was capturing the shortcut and that killing it solved the issue. This is how I found out (can be used for similar situations):

A somewhat opaque answer to a duplicate question of this explained that it was possible to detect which app was grabbing the keys by issuing some magic keystrokes. At first I did not understand quite how to set it all up, thinking I had to go through all sorts of hoops (messing with Xorg config, disabling vty switching, ++) to setup a special keymapping config, until it dawned on me that the answer actually also described how to trigger these key combinations programmatically!

So all I needed to do was opening two terminal windows. In the first terminal window I started logging events in the Xorg system:

tail -f /var/log/Xorg.0.log > out.txt

In the other window I triggered events that emitted the key combinations to the Xorg system:

KEY="ctrl+r"                  # the combination that was "grabbed"
xdotool keydown ${KEY};       # start pressing the key combo
xdotool key XF86LogGrabInfo;  # the keysym that when emitted asks X to print info on the grabber of the current keys
xdotool keyup ${KEY}          # stop pressing the key combo

Doing this programmatically like this was a lot easier than doing it manually like a finger octopus :-) In the event log captured in the other window (13'000 lines!) the interesting bits were apparent in the first few lines:

[ 24264.517]     detail 71 (mask 0), modifiersDetail 128 (mask 0)
[ 24264.517]     device 'Virtual core keyboard' (3), modifierDevice 'Virtual core keyboard' (3)
[ 24264.517]     core event mask 0x3
[ 24264.517]     owner-events false, kb 1 ptr 1, confine 0x0, cursor 0x0
[ 24264.517]   Printing all registered grabs of client pid 5643 /opt/Caprine/caprine --type=gpu-process --no-sandbox --supports-dual-gpus=false --gpu-driver-bug-workarounds=1,7,23,59,71 --gpu-vendor-id=0x8086 --gpu-device-id=0x5916 --gpu-driver-vendor --gpu-driver-version --gpu-driver-date --service-request-channel-token=B68A5099B5760C39675F51019B3D4F7A --v8-natives-passed-by-fd --v8-snapshot-passed-by-f
[ 24264.517]   Printing all registered grabs of client pid 5643 /opt/Caprine/caprine --type=gpu-process --no-sandbox --supports-dual-gpus=false --gpu-driver-bug-workarounds=1,7,23,59,71 --gpu-vendor-id=0x8086 --gpu-device-id=0x5916 --gpu-driver-vendor --gpu-driver-version --gpu-driver-date --service-request-channel-token=B68A5099B5760C39675F51019B3D4F7A --v8-natives-passed-by-fd --v8-snapshot-passed-by-f
[ 24264.517]   Printing all registered grabs of client pid 5684 /usr/lib/slack/slack --disable-gp
[ 24264.517]   Printing all registered grabs of client pid 5684 /usr/lib/slack/slack --disable-gp
[ 24264.517]   Printing all registered grabs of client pid 18336 xdotool key XF86LogGrabInfo
[ 24264.517] End list of registered passive grabs
[ 24308.177] (II) Printing all currently active device grabs:
[ 24308.177] Active grab 0x44800160 (core) on device 'Virtual core keyboard' (3):
[ 24308.177]       client pid 5614 /opt/Caprine/caprine
[ 24308.177]       at 24308139 (from passive grab) (device thawed, state 1)
[ 24308.177]         core event mask 0x3
[ 24308.177]       passive grab type 2, detail 0x1b, activating key 27
[ 24308.177]       owner-events false, kb 1 ptr 1, confine 0, cursor 0x0
[ 24308.177] (II) End list of active device grabs

After killing Caprine, I could finally start using Ctrl-R in the terminal again to do reverse history searches, as well as refresh Chrome! xev also outputs something quite different from what I detailed in the question, now being very similar to the output from Ctrl-L:

KeyPress event, serial 39, synthetic NO, window 0x5200001,
    root 0xee, subw 0x0, time 25356738, (917,877), root:(1047,981),
    state 0x10, keycode 105 (keysym 0xffe4, Control_R), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 39, synthetic NO, window 0x5200001,
    root 0xee, subw 0x0, time 25357181, (917,877), root:(1047,981),
    state 0x14, keycode 27 (keysym 0x72, r), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (12) ""
    XmbLookupString gives 1 bytes: (12) ""
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 39, synthetic NO, window 0x5200001,
    root 0xee, subw 0x0, time 25357315, (917,877), root:(1047,981),
    state 0x14, keycode 27 (keysym 0x72, r), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (12) ""
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 39, synthetic NO, window 0x5200001,
    root 0xee, subw 0x0, time 25357710, (917,877), root:(1047,981),
    state 0x14, keycode 105 (keysym 0xffe4, Control_R), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

edit: Turns out the bug is known

The bug issue also shows how to consistently reproduce this (minimize). It was caused by a bug in the electron-localshortcut library.

Made a small util to easily send these shortcuts programmatically.


Lenovo TouchPad V15-IIL not working 10th gen intel

Run sudo nano /etc/default/grub and append i8042.nopnp=1 pci=nocrs
To GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line to be:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash i8042.nopnp=1 pci=nocrs"

Save the file and run in a terminal
sudo update-grub

Reboot and the touchpad should work.
Source https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1881322


Geany unnecessarily truncates active filename in titlebar

There are several alternatives to viewing the full filename for open documents in Geany.

You can hover your mouse cursor over the tab, and it will display a hint
that contains the full path and filename.

Right-clicking on any tab will generate a list of all open documents, showing the full filename.

Finally you can also use the Documents tab in the sidebar and expand
the panel width to match the length of the longest filenames.


How can I disable Ubuntu 12.04's E-mail thing?

Ubuntu 12.04 Desktop does not include any "email program" (client or server). Still, if you wish to save about 40-45 megabytes of space, you can remove it's default email client, Thunderbird, with:

Open Terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T
Type sudo apt-get remove --purge thunderbird -y
Then type exit.


Why my roommates' connection to the Internet is lost, when I'm connected to our router on Ubuntu?

In Ubuntu 13.04, I believe the default bcmwl-kernel-source will not work correctly for your Broadcom 4313. I recommend that you get a temporary wired ethernet connection and open a terminal:

sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source
wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_5.100.82.112+bdcom-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb

Or, if yours is a 32-bit system:

wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_5.100.82.112+bdcom-0ubuntu3_i386.deb

Confirm 32- or 64-bit:

arch

Then do:

sudo dpkg -i bcmwl*.deb

Reboot and give us your report.


It should be under Applications>>Universal Access>>Orca Screen Reader.

To run it manually:

Press alt+f2 and type Orca, then press enter.

If it is not in your menu:

Right click on the menu and click edit menu, and enable Orca under the "Universal Access" section.


Error calling StartServiceByName for org.gtk.vfs.Daemon: Timeout was reached (g-io-error-quark, 24)

This is a known bug. The reason was that I was using the overlay-scrollbar GTK module and it prevents the xfsettingsd from daemonizing properly.

I got the answer here.


su invokes the other user's login shell as given in  /etc/passwd. In your case that's /bin/false so you don't get any interactive shell.

Use

sudo -u test /bin/bash

or

sudo -u test /usr/bin/mysql

or something like that instead.


Installing ubuntu12.10 and wine1.4 on offline

Apt-get needs internet to work for the regular case, this is the main why it is not working.

What do you mean "placed wine1.4 folder ondesktop" did you check out their source code? If so you would need to follow their instructions

You should be able to get the .deb file from another machine with internet and transfer it to this one, but you also need to grab all the necessary dependancies as well. You can download it from here


removing the "move to dropbox" context menu option (Thunar, 16.04)

Well, I found a solution... it may not be the best solution, but it does work. It turns out that the dropbox context menu is a package called thunar-dropbox-plugin, which I installed to get dropbox. When I removed the package, it did remove the context menu option, but it also removed dropbox. However, on Dropbox's install on Linux page, it shows you how to install dropboxd without the package. So I looked in ~/.dropbox-dist (which apparently was not deleted when I uninstalled thunar-dropbox-plugin) and there was dropboxd. So I just added that to my autostart list and now it runs whenever I start a session.


Can I set up Ubuntu server openstack for a private cloud on a single computer with two hard drives?

Easiest method is to use devstack:  http://devstack.org/guides/single-machine.html


I cannot upgrade to 12.10 because of graphic-card, Radeon HD 3450

Follow this guide http://www.unixmen.com/ubuntu-12-10-and-amd-catalyst-problem-solved/. It solved my problem with HD 4850 I used the Tomasz Makarewicz Repository


VMware Workstation Ubuntu 18.10 Full Screen Problem

I ran into the same issue on a fresh install of 18.10 on VMWare 15.01. If I manually restarted open-vm-tools after I logged in, everything worked. I tried to reinstall VMWare tools, it didn't help. This did fix it:

Edit this file using your preferred editing tool

/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/open-vm-tools.service

Add these lines to the end of the "Unit" section

Requires=graphical.target
After=graphical.target

Save the file and the next time you restart you should be good to go.

You can apply the changes immediately without restarting by running

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo service open-vm-tools restart


First, re-double-check that you are installing 32-bit Java on a 32-bit OS (or installing 64-bit Java on a 64-bit OS). While it's possible to install 32-bit Java on 64-bit Linux, usually there's no reason to (and you need to install extra dependencies to do it).

Second, clean up the old extracted files if the first installation attempt fails. Yo shouldn't have to "sudo" to install.

Third, don't try to "sh" the installer; instead, just make it executable (therefore you aren't relying on finding the right "sh" in your PATH):

$ chmod a+x ./jdk-6u25-linux-i586.bin
$ ./jdk-6u25-linux-i586.bin

Lastly, although you want to manually install the jdk.bin, you can first try to install the packaged JDK, to make sure you have all the dependencies.  Depending on your version of Ubuntu, you might just be able to:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk

You might have to add a ppa repository (pre-10.04) or enable "partner" repositories (10.04/10.10 or later).  This has changed a bit from version to version (of ubuntu). (See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3747789/how-to-install-sun-jdk-on-ubuntu-10-10-maverick-meerkat )


What is the difference between installing software from terminal or via software center?

There are some differences:

Using a GUI interface, installation error messages are hidden and they just give you a general message that it didn't work, but when you install something from terminal using apt-get, you will see all the messages that are generated; this information can be used to fix the errors.
apt-get will inform you by other associated packages that are recommended along with your package.
apt-get inform you by any packages that were installed previously and that are probably not needed any more.


Cannot interact with my Raspberry Pi running 20.10 from Ubuntu computer but I can do it with a Mac

This is quite a stupid solution, but it worked for me nonetheless.
If you have two internet connections (with each having the same IP addresses corresponding to the same devices), connect to another one and check if you can connect to it. This feels a bit scummy though, and my second connection is slower for some reason, so if you guys have any other solutions, then post it here. I won't put this as the solution.


For kernel drivers you should be including the path /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build/include. Do not use /usr/src/include - that is the path for user space headers.

Note that the "Linux Device Drivers" book is outdated now (~10 years old) and many of the examples will fail to compile. There is a github repository that has the original source patched to compile with more recent kernels at https://github.com/martinezjavier/ldd3


Is this a misreading, or should I be concerned? lm-sensors output

Things will start to melt when you go over 140°C. Things both in and around the CPU. 231°C is actually beyond the ignition temperature of a lot of plastic components that may be in your computer. That's a bad situation.

Given your desktop hasn't reduced itself to a flaming puddle (yet) I'm going to say this is almost certainly a bug in lm-sensors or the I²C driver.

You're not the only person to have run into their f71808a-isa-0600 I²C chip reporting exactly 231.0°C, here's another. They were having stability issues and found that disabling ACPI helped.

If you aren't experiencing any actual issues (and there isn't a dead fan) I'd just leave it but you may get value from reporting this as a bug. I'm not exactly sure who's responsible here. Start with the lm-sensors developers and see if you get kicked up to the kernel developers.


Display only the data section of the packet


mdadm raid 5 pairity check control / new behaviors in Ubuntu 20.04

mdadm checks are now controlled by systemd in a more complicated process than previously.
The systemd timer starts the mdadm check service at 1AM on the first Sunday of the month but has a random start time of 24H, meaning it starts anytime on that day (which seems kind of dumb).  This can be changed with the command sudo systemctl edit --full mdcheck_start.timer and editing the RandomizedDelaySec field to something like 10m.
When the check service starts, it runs mdcheck --duration 6 hours meaning that the check will run for 6 hours and then pause (aka stop and save the stopping point so it can be continued later).  This can be seen with the command systemctl cat mdcheck_start.service
Systemd runs the continuation check every day at a 12hour randomized time (midnight - noon).  To changed this do sudo systemctl edit --full mdcheck_continue.timer.  The OnCalendar field and RandomizedDelaySec can be changed to have this continue at more specific days/times.
When the continuation service runs it calls mdcheck --continue --duration 6 to continue checking for another 6 hours.  This can be seen with the command systemctl cat mdcheck_continue.service


You'll have to boot a Live System, mount your system drive and fix it from there.

Step 1: Find an Live medium (USB stick or DVD) you can insert in your system.

Step 2: Boot your system from the Live medium.

Step 3: Open a terminal

Step 4: Find the device name of your damaged root file system (for example using sudo fdisk -l), for example /dev/sda1.

Step 5: Mount the damaged root file system on /mnt with the command

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

Step 6: Fix the damage with the command

sudo chmod 755 /mnt

Step 7: Unmount the file system again with

sudo umount /mnt

Step 8: Reboot back into your installation


E: The package aftershot2 needs to be reinstalled, but I can't find an archive for it

aftershot2? It is some proprietary manually installed package.

Try to remove it if you don't need it:

sudo apt-get remove aftershot2


Does Ubuntu periodically clean empty directories under /var/run?

/var/run is a symlink on /run and that's just a tmpfs mount created on boot. Everything in it is stored in RAM and dies at reboot.

So things are already slightly different. I can't see anything about tmpfs being set up to autoclean other than on reboots though and I've just run through this:

sudo mkdir /run/pie
sudo touch /run/pie/pies
sudo rm /run/pie/pies
ls # /run/pie/ still exists, empty

So it might be just you - or it might be a cleanup daemon. I've had a quick search through /etc but can't find anything. You might have more luck: sudo grep -R 'tmpfs' /etc/


Struggling to install i386 packages on Ubuntu 19.04

You only have disco and disco-security in your sources list, so you are missing disco-updates, which may contain packages that are required as dependencies of other packages.

More generally, for a fully up-to-date system you need both -updates and -security in addition to the "base" repository.


Remove all hyperlinks from a spreadsheet

In LibreOffice Calc (Version: 4.1.3.2; Build ID: 410m0(Build:2):

select the cells containing hyperlinks
Click on Format > Clear Direct Formatting (or just press Ctrl+M)

That's all.


The icon link is just broken, to fix it edit the launcher with

sudo nano /usr/share/applications/flightgear.desktop

and make it so that the last line has this content

Icon=/usr/share/games/FlightGear/Aircraft/Generic/Logos/fgshield.png

Note that you can also use another image of your preference.


HP 4770s Ralink 3290 wireless not working on 12.10

If you don't want to read the text below and wish your wi-fi works — then just install Ubuntu 13.04 beta or newer and copy the necessary firmware. But please don't run apt-get upgrade — there is an issue with Intel HD Graphics after upgrade.

I have already explored a lot of tutorials, reinstalled OS more than dozen times and here is what i discovered about Ralink RT3290:

There is no driver avaliable in Ubuntu distros with default kernels (12.04, 12.10)
In Ubuntu 13.04 beta1 driver is present, but firmware is missing
Driver compiling is quite simple
ISSUE: In Ubuntu 12.10 driver causes a kernel panic
ISSUE: After installing driver and trying to shutdown/suspend, notebook automatically turns on/wakes up
Driver is avaliable in Fedora 18 beta

UPD:

Finally, Ralink RT3290 works on HP ProBook 4740s with Ubuntu 12.04 x64 with 3.6.11 kernel version.
See #8 comment to bug on launchpad for getting guide about newer kernel and firmware installation.

UPD2:

Driver works with Ubuntu 12.04 x64 with 3.6.11 kernel version, but there is issues with speed and signal level, so I installed Ubuntu 12.04 x64 with manually compiled.

UPD3:

After installing the kernel 3.8.0-9 on Ubuntu 12.04 (or you can install Ubuntu 13.04 beta — it has necessary kernel version) and copying the necessary firmware, the system has stabilized and after the shutdown the notebook didn't turn on its own. But wi-fi hardware button doesn't work.


Run the following command to list the location or locations of all files named "idea.sh":

 sudo find / -name idea.sh


Too much swap usage in Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS

Edit /etc/sysctl.conf as root. Change or add this line to the file:

vm.swappiness = 5

One way to do this is by using sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf in a terminal window.
Reboot the system after saving the edited file.

This will instruct the system to use swap memory only when RAM is used almost completely.

976 MB of swap memory is not enough. It should be increased to at least 4 GB.


I know there're a few programs use on Windows that will accomplish what you mentioned,one that comes to mind is Dragon Naturally Speaking. You can read about it here; Dragon Naturally Speaking

According to the article you may be able to run Dragon Naturally Speaking using Wine for Ubuntu, I use it on Windows many time and it work GREAT. I hope this will point you in the right direction

There are a few others you might want to try I did a search in the Ubuntu Software center and found one called Simon it can be installed on Ubuntu Linux using the Software center


This message is quoted from https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/66047:

iMessage is based on a propietary, binary and encrypted protocol (source Wikipedia) with a client side device certificate, which makes it unlikely to be reverse engineered and implemented in third party apps any time soon (although attempts are being made).

Edit
It may be possible in the future to run the native OS X applications on a Linux OS similar to how we can run Windows applications using wine's compatibility layers. The Darling Project aims to do that. However, I have never encountered a situation where I needed to run a native mac application, so I have never tested it. This does seem promising, though somewhat doubtful. The following is quoted from wikipedia:

Just like APNS it sets up a Keep-Alive connection with the Apple servers. Every connection has its own unique code, which acts as an identifier for the route that should be used to send a message to a specific device. The connection is encrypted with TLS using a client side certificate, that is requested by the device on the activation of iMessage.


There is a useful link where driver's versions with graphics cards are written which I occationnally found on the Internet

https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/3142
(Support timeframes for Unix legacy GPU releases)

The only key to solve this issue was to find and install an appropriate driver(I have understood this because previously I found good nvidia-361 driver and one day it didn't work(maybe after updating ) so I removed it) Using this link, I realised that for my videocard nvidia-340 driver is recommended. However, this wasn't mentioned in additional drivers application or using command:

  sudo ubuntu-drivers devices

So I just typed

  sudo apt-get install nvidia-340

and everything became fine( now I am able to switch between graphic cards )!!


Try Modifing the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line in /etc/default/grub to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="video=i915:modeset=1 i915.i915_enable_rc6=1      i915.lvds_downclock=1 i915.i915_enable_fbc=1 pcie_aspm=force"

Then run:

sudo update-grub

After running update-grub restart Ubuntu!

NOTE: You may wish to also try with i915.modeset=0
Also it maybe worth trying the following:

edit the file /etc/mkinicpio.conf and add:

MODULES="intel_agp drm i915"

I hope it helps!


Scaled resolutions listed in nvidia-settings cannot be displayed properly

It is a limitation of Unity. Scaled resolutions in nvidia-settings is software scale which does not change the physical resolution. So Unity didn't recognize the screen dimensions has been changed and kept rendering on the original dimensions. Unity can recognize the resolution change if you select non-scaled resolution.

The resolution list in u-s-d is different to nvidia-settings's list. The u-s-d does not support such scaled resolutions.


Where do Chrome, Chromium and Firefox store offline data

Firefox store the offline data in ~/.mozilla directory, to be more specific in ~/.mozilla/profiles/xxxxxxxx.default directory.

Chrome uses ~/.cache/google-chrome directory for storing cache. Google chrome also uses ~/.config/google-chrome/Default directory for storing recent history, tabs and other things.

Like Chrome, Chromium uses as such with only the name changed. That is  ~/.cache/chromium and ~/.config/chromium/Default


In 'sudo gedit' I can not use Ctrl Space to activate fcitx input method

Check: https://fcitx-im.org/wiki/FAQ#Root_application_under_normal_user_X

Root application in general cannot communicate with user application by user session dbus, but xim only has the restriction of things need to be run under same X.

BTW, X application is in general broken with sudo, it's highly recommended not to do that.


Ubuntu upgrade from to 18.04.1 LTS stuck

Alright, figured it out.

I first killed the upgrade with a kill -9 command. It then appeared that my PC incorrectly waked up from sleep. I used ps aux | grep suspend to find a suspend process owned by root and killed it. I was then able to use dpkg --configure -a, apt-get install -f, apt-get update, apt-get autoremove, apt-get autoclean and reboot safely. Note that the commands aren't necessarly in the right order, I don't remember exactly in which order did I do this.

After the reboot, used apt-get dist-upgrade --fix-missing and apt-get dist-upgrade --fix broken followed by a last apt-get autoremove and everything was fixed.


Can't open gnome-terminal, nautilus or gedit

It seems your locale setting have not been saved. To fix this you can set them via the GUI dialog in settings which is actually pretty easy.

After that the applications should be back to normal.


Upgrading from 12.04 to 12.10 broke display in my NX client

BTW, disabling the render extension via NX client config wasn't working for me because the degradation in quality made illegible some of what text did appear.

I'm on MATE, and tweaking the font settings in System->Preferences->Appearances helped with make unreadable text more readable.  It's still not as crisp as I'd like, but I've seen worse.


Remmina on Ubuntu Desktop 16.04 remote through Ubuntu 17.04 to Ubuntu Desktop 16.04 SSH

Not as in question but I found it works and solve the main.
If you work with linux desktop it is possible to run any application on guest comp via ssh terminal.
Someting like:
ssh user@server // connects to the server and than you are on local network;
ssh user@desktop // connects to the desktop;
and than maybe
nautilus --browser /home/user/ // or;
firefox
works good but slowly, still waiting for answer...


Why do I get "101: Network is unreachable" when trying to upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04?

Just go to Activities, open Software & Updates.  Go to the Ubuntu Software tab, dropdown 'Download from:', and choose Main Server.  Or, choose 'Other', and run 'Select Best Server'.  Then run your upgrade commands.


Is there a way to form network connections using shell script?

It sounds like you want netcat,

  Netcat is a featured networking utility which reads and writes data across network connections, using the TCP/IP protocol.
  It is designed to be a reliable "back-end" tool that can be used directly or easily driven by other programs and scripts. At the same time, it is a feature-rich network debugging and exploration tool, since it can create almost any kind of connection you would need and has several interesting built-in capabilities.

for more, you can always man nc


Unable to install Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on Sony VAIO T-Series laptop

I plugged the USB key containing the Ubuntu install files into my USB 3.0 port (it was in a USB 2.0 port before) and I was able to run the installer without problems. It first booted into a GRUB menu and from there I went to install Ubuntu.

It seems there is a problem with the USB 2.0 ports when running Ubuntu on this laptop. See USB 2.0 ports don't work on Sony VAIO S series laptop.


Changed font scaling, but now other apps (google chrome) are still tiny

Just go to System Settings > Display and choose a lower resolution than 3840x2160, as I assume it is set currently. I would say that full HD (1920x1080) would be good, but you might want something a little higher resolution. While this solution works, depending on your application this may not work because native 4K content will only be played at the resolution that you pick.


I understood how to solve this problem.
Somehow GS:GO determined wrong CPU core quantity(multi thread rendering is enabled in graphics settings).
After I set in CS:GO launch options that my CPU has 4 cores it began to work without any problems and lags.


Depending exactly what the issue is, there are a bunch of options.  Here are a few.

1.  Start the bluetooth daemon

Go to your terminal and type :

sudo /etc/init.d/bluetooth start

2.  Reinstall packages

If this doesn't work, go to your terminal and type :

sudo apt-get purge blueman bluez-utils bluez bluetooth
sudo apt-get install blueman bluez-utils bluez bluetooth

Then run :

sudo /etc/init.d/bluetooth start


How do I start the Textual (non-graphical) installer?

Ubuntu eliminated its text-based installer some years ago for its desktop versions. The graphical installer is designed to be run from a full (live) Ubuntu desktop, and there was not enough demand for the text-based installer (for the desktop version, anyway) to justify the effort and complexity required to maintain two separate versions, each with its own code and quirks and bugs and updates. The two installers used different methods to install Ubuntu, so the developers were also afraid it would result in a variety of "standard installations", which could confuse users and complicate technical support, troubleshooting, and software updates.

My guess is the message you are seeing is a vestige of the time when the text installer was still a part of the normal desktop ISO; you could report that message as a bug, if you'd like.

There is still a text-based installer for Ubuntu Server, the Lubuntu "Alternate ISO", and for the Network Installer (a very small ISO that fetches the majority of packages from online mirrors at time of installation, as opposed to fetching them from the DVD or USB stick). Of these, I would recommend the Network installer, as it is a relatively small download and will allow you to install a full GNOME/KDE/MATE/XFCE/LXDE/Unity desktop from the text interface.

I'm sorry to be the bearer of bad news... Please let me know if this answer was helpful, or if you have any further questions.


As per Having trouble signing in? Retirement of older versions of Skype (01-08-2014):

  From today, users with Skype for Linux version 4.2 and older will not be able to sign in to Skype. The error messages user will see during sign in may include “Can’t Connect to Skype” or ”Can’t login on Skype”. To continue using Skype, please update to the latest version.

So it seems that now it is impossible to use Skype without PulseAudio. The attitude from Microsoft seems to be "tough luck".


It sounds like you installed curl but not php-curl. Use apt to install it:

sudo apt install php-curl

Then restart apache:

systemctl restart apache2

...and you should be good to go.


How to redirect all requests within a wlan using ad-hoc to a specific address or hostname

If I understand you correctly, you want to redirect all network traffic to a single web server.

You could do this with an iptables rule on you gateway that is controlling you WLAN.

Taken from here: https://serverfault.com/questions/365000/how-can-i-use-iptables-to-forward-all-traffic-to-a-certain-website

To redirect traffic :/sbin/iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -s [source network/mask] -p all -j DNAT --to-destination [your webserver]

You will also have to rewrite the source address to remain as you client connection and not the gateway.

To rewrite the source: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE


Why is my wired connection not preferred over my wireless?

Try this. Make script in the folder /etc/network/if-up.d/ called script with execute permissions 755

# Check for specific interface if desired
[ "$IFACE" != "eth0" ] || exit 0
# Adding additional routes on connection
route add default dev eth0
route add ...
route add ...

or

You can change metric.  route add default dev wlan0 metric 20 When you change metric you default route to eth0 will have less metric and traffic will go via wless0. When eth0 is down you default route to eth0 will be deleted from routing table and traffic will go via wlan0. After when you eth0 is again up, default metric will be less then 20 on wlan0 and traffic will again go to eth0.

Also you can edit /etc/network/interfaces and set metric permanent for interface.

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
network xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
broadcast xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
metric XXX


Is it possible to do calculation in Unity interface?

I don't know if you can do it in the HUD (Alt-button), but you can do it in the Dash (super-button) with a scope.

Use these commands to install the Calculator Scope for Unity via terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:scopes-packagers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install unity-scope-calculator

Here the OMGUbuntu article on unity-scope-calculator.


Kubuntu 15.04 black bar at the bottom of the screen covering panel

What worked for me was to delete this file: ~/.local/share/kscreen

My process to find this was to create a new user and log in with that. I had made sure the same symptoms weren't being displayed (the desktop was fine). I then began the arduous task of copying directories/files from the affected user to this new user (logging in and out between the two users) until the black bar would appear. Once I found the offending file, I removed it from the affected account and logged in. No more black bar.


You could use something more user-local like ~/.pam_environment or ~/.profile. These are practically the same approach as /etc/environment except they'll only affect your user. They could still affect other applications.

While ~/.profile is similar to other script files, ~/.pam_environment has a bit of a twitchy syntax that needs to be adhered to (or you'll break your login):

LOG DEFAULT=1

The other approach that may work is changing whatever launches notify-osd to pass the environment variable along directly. In this case, it seems to be part of some cross-platform DBUS cascade controlled from usr/share/dbus-1/services/org.freedesktop.Notifications.service

[D-BUS Service]
Name=org.freedesktop.Notifications
Exec=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/notify-osd

I wonder if the Exec line could be changed to read:

Exec=LOG=1 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/notify-osd

Or if that throws syntax wobblies:

Exec=sh -c "LOG=1 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/notify-osd"

If that works it has the obvious advantage of only affecting notify-osd (any anything it launches).


Help - Updates failed and lost all files

If your /home folder along with all your files are missing from the drive it's the results of a deleted or reformatted partition.  You had best not use the drive while you perform steps to recover your data.

A very robust application for this is Testdisk.

Using Testdisk to recover files

Boot from DVD/CD/USB drive as not to use the HDD any more.  (even better would be to take a full copy onto another HDD and recover from there)
Install Testdisk.
(The dollar sign $ is the command prompt.  It's showing that you are typing a command in the terminal.  The text highlighted in bold are the actual items that you click on while performing the steps.)

        $ sudo apt install testdisk

Run these steps (taken from TestDisk Step By Step and tested by me to recover files):

    $ sudo testdisk
    1: Select Create       - ENTER
    2: Select Create       - ENTER
    3: Select Disk         - Proceed
    4: Select Intel        - ENTER
    5: Select Analyse      - ENTER
    6: Select Quick Search - ENTER

This procedure is to recover your important files.  The steps provided will give you options to try to recover the entire partion.  If that fails you'll then have an option to recover individual files.  Try to have a media such as a USB drive to recover your important data to.


How do I control the order of nameserver addresses in resolv.conf?

The resolvconf records have names that follow the pattern

IFACE.CONFIGURER

So to force eth1* records to come before other eth* records you need to replace

eth*

with

eth1*
eth*

After making this change, do

sudo resolvconf -u


Running dual boot with Windows 10 and Ubuntu but the files in "Other Locations" are all read-only

Linux works with a system of file permissions for security. Not everybody can edit any file on the system. Only a user that has administrator privileged can edit system files. The first user created after installing the system will have administrator privileges, i.e., is also system administrator. For other users on the system, this privilege must be granted by one of the existing system administrators.
Ubuntu does not work with a dedicated administrator account. Rather, it uses a system where the privileges of normal users temporarily can be elevated to these of an administror, using sudo. Preceding a command with sudo allows the cmmand to proceed with administrator privileges, for example sudo nano /var/lib/fahclient would allow you to open the fahclient in the editor nano, change it and save it.


How to redirect the output of a command to a function but suppress the error and output to console?

It seems you want:

command 2> /dev/null | my_func

which redirects the stderr of command to /dev/null, but pipes stdout to my_func. (Side note: You might want to check out the ts command).


unabel to share a folder in ubuntu 14.04

right click the folder and go to properties
there will be four tabs in the window that will come up
the properties window
you can change sharing properties here


iptables - unable to initialize table filter

The problem was the line-ending style; instead of "\r\n" I used "\n" and now everything works.


How do I cancel a time-delayed  screenshot?

The one-liner you're looking for is:

kill `pidof gnome-screenshot`

  pidof is preferable here compared to pgrep, killall and some invocations of ps, which only consider the first 15 characters of a command name and can choke on hyphens. Be careful not to kill the similarly prefixed gnome-screensaver if you use these..


Barely usable after hardware upgrade (without reinstalling Ubuntu)

Type about:config in the Firefox address bar, click the  Accept the Risk and Continue  button to continue, and toggle layers.acceleration.force-enabled from false to true.


Internal Realtek SD card reader rts522a not detected in Ubuntu Studio 14.04 on HP Envy

I found that neither Ubuntu 14.04 nor 15.10 supports Realtek RTS522a card reader yet (I have the same card reader in HP Pavilion Gamer 15 laptop). Maybe the next Linux kernel version (4.4.x) will support it: http://cateee.net/lkddb/web-lkddb/MFD_RTSX_PCI.html

A launchpad issue is already exists for the problem: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1447878


Uninstalling and reinstall MySQL for LAMP server (forgot password)

Create a file (i.e. mysql-reset) containing this line:

SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('new_password');

Run MySQL like:

$ mysqld_safe --init-file=/path/to/mysql-reset &

or

$ mysqld -uroot --skip-grant-tables


Can I make the system reserve for partitions smaller?

mkfs.ex4 to create a linux ext4 file system

When you use mkfs.ext4 you will create a new file system (and the data in the partition will be lost). You must backup all data, that you cannot afford to lose, before doing it.

You can use the option -m to specify the reserved percentage, for example to get 3%,

sudo mkfs.ex4 -m 3 /dev/sdxn

where x is the device letter and n is partition number, for example /dev/sda1.

From man mkfs.ex4

   -m reserved-blocks-percentage
          Specify the percentage of the filesystem blocks reserved for the
          super-user.   This  avoids  fragmentation, and allows root-owned
          daemons, such as syslogd(8), to continue to  function  correctly
          after non-privileged processes are prevented from writing to the
          filesystem.  The default percentage is 5%.

tune2fs to modify a linux ext4 file system

When you use tune2fs you will modify an existing file system (and the data in the partition should be preserved). But you should backup all data, that you cannot afford to lose, before doing it.

You can use the option -m to specify the reserved percentage, for example to get 3%,

sudo tune2fs -m 3 /dev/sdxn

where x is the device letter and n is partition number, for example /dev/sda1.


How to cut text from a file and write the changes to the same file?

As I understand your question, you want this

171023 03014426 1234 XXXX XXXXXXXX
error code: 123, pc=546, call=0,
171023 03110749 1234 XXXX XXXXXXXX
error code: 123, pc=546, call=0,

to become this:

171023 03014426 1234 XXXX XXXXXXXX
error code: 123
171023 03110749 1234 XXXX XXXXXXXX
error code: 123

There are many ways to do this, so choose method that you want/like/prefer.

sed

$ sed 's/\(error code:[[:blank:]][[:digit:]]*\),.*/\1/' input.txt
171023 03014426 1234 XXXX XXXXXXXX
error code: 123
171023 03110749 1234 XXXX XXXXXXXX
error code: 123

If you want to make changes to original file input.txt, use sed -i instead of just sed

awk

$ awk -F ',' '/^error code/{$0=$1};1' input.txt
171023 03014426 1234 XXXX XXXXXXXX
error code: 123
171023 03110749 1234 XXXX XXXXXXXX
error code: 123

This approach makes comma to be treated as column ( in awk-speak "field" ) separator, so here we basically find line that starts with error code text and replace original line with only column $1, which in your case happens to be everything before comma, i.e. error code: 123.

awk cannot do in-text editing ( most versions ), like sed -i but you can always output things to new file, and replace old file with new like:

awk -F ',' '/^error code/{$0=$1};1' input.txt > new_data.txt && mv new_data.txt input.txt

pure bash

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# make temp file for writing stuff
temp=$(mktemp)

# read input file, make necessary changes, write to temp file
while IFS= read -r line;
do
    case $line in
        "error code:"*) printf "%s\n" "${line%%,*}" >> "$temp";;
        *) printf "%s\n" "$line" >> "$temp";;
    esac
done < "$1"
mv  "$temp" "$1"

Test run:

$ # before
$ cat input.txt
171023 03014426 1234 XXXX XXXXXXXX
error code: 123, pc=546, call=0,
171023 03110749 1234 XXXX XXXXXXXX
error code: 123, pc=546, call=0,
$ # after
$ ./edit_error_codes.sh input.txt
$ cat input.txt
171023 03014426 1234 XXXX XXXXXXXX
error code: 123
171023 03110749 1234 XXXX XXXXXXXX
error code: 123


It is due to IPv6.

Try doing this:
vim /etc/gai.conf

uncomment the line:
precedence ::ffff:0:0/96 100

Save and exit.

Create the file:
sudo nano /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99force-ipv4

And add the line:
Aquire::ForceIPv4 false;

Hope it helps!


How can the speed of an AVI file be changed?

I suspect that your copy of FFmpeg is also re-encoding using the defaults for the avi container, which can be a little unforgiving. Try running the following simple additions to your commandline:

ffmpeg -i in.avi \
       -filter:v "setpts=2.0*PTS" \
       -c:v mpeg4 -q:v 2 \
       -an \
       out.avi

The driving part of this commandline is the 'quality' setting: -q:v 2 which can be set from 1-31 with the highest quality being 1 and the lowest being 31. Note as well that I have used -an to bar use of the audio stream.

If this effectively increases the quality of your output video you could consider adding the following flags to your video line:

-vtag XVID -f avi -mbd rd -flags +mv4+aic -trellis 2 -cmp 2 -subcmp 2 -g 300

I routinely use these flags when encoding for an older device and they do produce a significantly better result...

References:

FFmpeg Trac: MPEG-4 Encoding Guide
FFmpeg Trac: Speeding up/slowing down video


Missing drivers after creating unallocated partition for ubuntu

Unclear question:
What is 'c drive'? What are you trying to achieve?

Ubuntu installer lets you create partition for your OSs directly, no need to prepare them beforehand, if that was your goal.


How to write out all directory names into a text file

Improving you current code, this command should be helpful:

for d in ./*;do [[ -d "$d" ]] && echo "$d" >> dir.txt; done

To remove the ./ from the output:

for d in ./*;do [[ -d "$d" ]] && echo "${d##./}" >> dir.txt; done


The short answer is they are used "as a backup".  New kernels are tested on a large amount of hardware before being released, but can't be tested on everything.  If an update causes the machine to not boot successfully, then the previous known-good kernel is available as a fallback.


Is it possible to queue file transfers in Nautilus like in Krusader?

Is it currently possible? No. Would it be awesome? Yes.

I don't think it's a case of not being intended, it's just something that hasn't been done. If memory serves correctly, it took KDE a while to get it done.

And it's all fairly low-level stuff. It's not a simple bash script that's running cps and mvs in the background so I don't think it's going to be as easy to hack into as you might like.

You might want to find a GIO developer (assuming it's still GIO that handles these things) and shake them until you know why this isn't in there yet. Unfortunately, GIO developers are a stealthy and paranoid bunch. They know you're looking for them so you might have to file a bug against it on the Gnome bug tracker to lure one out.

But in seriousness, remember the devs don't work for you (unless, bizarrely they do work for you -- which would be a strange coincidence). If you do find one, try not to startle them by running up to them, shouting and waving your arms around. Just quietly ask if it's a planned feature and if there's anything you can do to help.


Xubuntu Desktop shuts down and goes to login screen

You should look on the Xorg logs:

cd /var/log && tail Xorg.0.log

To a more complet look on the log do this:

gedit Xorg.0.log


Swapping disks between different systems

Without complete HW specification, it is hard to tell precisely, but the most probable result is that Linux will handle this kind of things without problems.

What I would suggest installing on both systems before swapping disks are packages linux-firmware and linux-firmware-nonfree, because those contain firmwares to all network cards and similar stuff... Beware, the -nonfree package contains some closed source software (if you care about that)


Desktop effects could not be enabled with Intel 82G35

The 82G35 graphics chipset is a little old now and as you have found, is not well supported in terms of 3D graphics/hardware acceleration etc.

From here, version 10.04 of ubuntu had the ability to force use older graphics drivers.  According to the table, compiz was available when you forced use "uxa" in your xorg.conf file.

In version 10.10, a newer version of the graphics drivers was installed - this didnt have the ability to
 "retrograde" your graphics driver.

My advice would be to
a. try 10.04 but with the alteration in the xorg.conf file
b. try switching-on software windows effects i.e. metacity
c. try using a simple compositing manager like xcompmgr for some simple desktop effects (look for this in software center or synaptic manager)


I am not able to access Root's home folder in Ubuntu

Did you try:

sudo -i nautilus

?

Run it in the terminal or after pressing Alt+F2


Screen gets a heavy green tint once booted to desktop

It's working now. I just rebooted my projector while the desktop is loaded. I suppose I'll just have to reboot the projector once the desktop loads.


Try something like this:

ldapadd -x -D cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com -W

-x = simple binding
-D = bind distinguished name
-W = prompt for bind password

Then, enter your password.
Then, enter something like:

dn: cn=Test User,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
sn: User

Then, hit enter twice. It should add the user. Hit Control+D to quit the command.

That being said, I think there are better ways of adding users, such as using the ldapadduser command from the ldapscripts package, or - better yet - using phpLDAPadmin from package phpldapadmin.


Prevent gnome-shell's dash from listing Recent Items

Gnome-shell uses recently-used and not Zeitgeist to display your recent items.

to disable it follow theses steps:

delete recently-used.xbel:

rm ~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel

create a new empty file:

touch ~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel

make sure the new file cannot be modified:

sudo chattr +i ~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel

now, your display of recent items is gone.

If you want to revert back, remove the i attribute of recently-used.xbel:

sudo chattr -i ~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel

all credits to : http://knezevblog.blogspot.com/2010/05/how-to-ubuntu-clear-and-disable-recent.html


Only the root user can re-enable an expired account. Run sudo chage -E -1 <username> to re-enable it. The regular user will have to remember to change their password manually once they login with $ passwd.


how to set up 3-ring pure microphone in Ubuntu on some Dell notebooks

In Ubuntu, the headset and headphone can work automatically on these machines but for external pure microphone it need manually set up. Actually on these machines, there is also internal microphone that can work well automatically. So it is suggested to change to use the internal microphone or just use a headset instead if there is no special reason. If you do want to use an external pure microphone, here is the steps:
1. Online update Ubuntu to the latest with "Software Updater" application
2. Restart machine and insert microphone, enter Ubuntu desktop, click “show application”
3. Type to search “terminal”, in terminal type “alsamixer” to lauch the alsamixer application
4. In alsamixer application, press F4 or Fn+F4 to enter [Capture] view, and use left, right arrow to go to  table and use up, down arrow to select “headpone mic”, now the external microphone can work. You probably need do this manually setup for your microphone after each reboot.

If you want sound output from speaker when you insert external microphone,you can do following:
1. go to file /usr/share/alsa/ucm/sof-skl_hda_card/HiFi
2. comment or remove JackHWMute "Speaker"　in the file and save
3. restart machine


I have this working with SecureBoot Enabled and TPM Enabled by simply rerunning grub-install after anything touches grub (i.e. installing new kernel).  Sometimes first boot takes a few minutes but afterwards, it always boots fast.

BTW, I have no windows installed, only Ubuntu.  I have found that for an emergency, if your system stops booting you can boot from install usb but then in grub press 'c' and do this to boot from HD:

grub> set root=(hd1,2)
grub> linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda2
grub> initrd /initrd.img
grub> boot


Start with removing obsolete Point Cloud Library PPA with

sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:v-launchpad-jochen-sprickerhof-de/pcl
sudo apt-get update

Save the lists of all installed applications to your home folder:

dpkg --get-selections > ~/dpkg_selections.txt
dpkg -l > ~/dpkg_l.txt

to restore them after fixing existing problems.

You can try with Aptitude:

sudo apt-get install aptitude
sudo aptitude safe-upgrade

But it may not help, as your system is seriously broken, so we need to fix it step-by-step. Something like:

sudo aptitude reinstall ubuntu-minimal
sudo aptitude reinstall ubuntu-standard
sudo aptitude reinstall ubuntu-system-service

sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

and so on.


Press Ctrl+Alt+T and then enter this in the command prompt :

echo on | sudo tee /sys/class/net/eth0/device/power/control

After that, unplug your ethernet cable and then plug it in again. It should connect... :)


Connecting 2 computers WIN 7 and Ubuntu 15.1 using Crossover cable to share an internet connection

Connect the crossover (ethernet) cable to both computers. They may remain powered on while you do this.
On the Windows computer, open the Start menu and type "Ncpa.cpl". This should display the networking connections. (This is assuming the Windows computer is the one with the current internet connection!)
Right click the internet connection, click Properties and then the Sharing tab.
Check the box next to "Allow other network users to connect through..."
Open a web browser on the Linux machine and check that it is connected.

I adapted this answer from this source:
http://techin.oureverydaylife.com/share-internet-using-crossover-cable-13475.html
Please check it out if you have any problems, or share them here.

Good luck!


Automatically Resize Partitions to Bare Minimum Needed to Store Files

You may be looking for resize2fs, which despite its name operates also on ext4 filesystems. The option -M reduces the filesystem to its minimal size. You can then use parted and its command resizepart to resize the partition to fit.

tune2fs -l on the filesystem will print out its current size in blocks, and the size of a block, to calculate the new partition size for parted.

Block count:              5242800
Block size:               4096


How to start tomcat in Linux Ubuntu from Java or Scala program

The main problem seems to be the usage of sudo. You need gksudo.

A simple Scala example

package com.askubuntu.users.aamir

import scala.sys.process._

object startProcess {
  def main(args: Array[String]) {
    Process("ls -la")!
  }
}

or with sudo-rights (you need gksudo)

package com.askubuntu.users.aamir

import scala.sys.process._

object startProcess {
  def main(args: Array[String]) {
    Process("gksudo nautilus")!
  }
}

and with a little bit more Java

package com.askubuntu.users.aamir

object startProcess {
  def main(args: Array[String]) {
    Runtime.getRuntime.exec(Array[String]("gksudo","nautilus"));
  }
}

And here is a Java method to start a process

package com.askubuntu.users.aamir;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class startProcess {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BufferedReader in;
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
        try {
            Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]{"/home/administrator/Desktop/apache-tomcat-8.0.5/bin","-c","echo def123@| sudo -S startup.sh"});
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
            String text;
            while ((text = in.readLine()) != null) {
                out.println(text);
                out.flush();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

or

package com.askubuntu.users.aamir;

import java.io.IOException;

public class startProcess {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { "gksudo","nautilus", "/tmp" });
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}


Poor Chrome performance in minimal xsession

Looks like problem was solved by updating Nvida drivers & xorg.conf. This worked:

Run:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current nvidia-settings
nvidia-xconfig

Reboot into command line.
After starting X, chrome performance was as good as when running in Gnome.


Recovering from messed up binfmts configuration

You should never edit /var/lib/binfmts/cli by hand.  That's a state file for update-binfmts.  You may have confused it by doing so, although I suspect the mono packages were buggy in the first place to have left things in this condition.  Plus, there's a trailing space confusing matters.

I'd recommend clearing out state first:

update-binfmts --package 'mono-runtime ' --remove cli /opt/mono-2.10/bin/mono

Then check whether /usr/share/binfmts/cli is owned by any package (dpkg -S /usr/share/binfmts/cli - I don't think it should be, as you don't have mono-runtime installed), and if not then remove that file.

Then install the binary format properly, as a locally-installed format rather than one owned by a package:

update-binfmts --install cli /opt/mono-2.10/bin/mono --magic MZ


Ubuntu 12.04 crashes after selecting 'Try Without Installing' on Windows PC

That tutorial is for a very old version of Ubuntu which is not supported any more.

Windows virtual PC is also optimised for creating Virtual Windows machines and lots of people have had problems with it when trying to install other operating systems. I suggest you use Virtualbox instead.  This is a more general Virtual machine and It will certainly work well with a Windows 7 host.

I would recommend you use either Ubuntu 13.04 as the guest or if you want to use 12.04 I would avoid the standard Ubuntu and use either Lubuntu or Xubuntu instead.  I had problems with Ubuntu being very slow due to the lack of a real separate graphics processor using 12.04 and 12.10 in a virtual machine with the default Unity desktop.  However these issues have been fixed with 13.04 and the lighter desktops used in Lubuntu and Xubuntu have never been an issue.

You can find the Virtualbox download for Windows here.  Once you have installed Ubuntu, Xubuntu or Lubuntu install Guest additions for best performance.