inconsolata font doesn't show up on terminal preferences

Inconsolata identifies itself as a "Decorative" font, instead of "Monospace". I am opening an issue on GitHub. In the meantime, you can edit the files in FontForge. (Element | Font Info | OS/2 | PFM Family)


How do I create email alert when someone tries to use "sudo su"?

I assume you use rsyslog as logging daemon. Save the following
configuration snippet as /etc/rsyslog.d/60-sudo-mails.conf.

# Load Mail output module
module(load="ommail")

# Template for the "Subject:" line to dynamically set the affected hostname
template(
    name   = "mailSubject"
    type   = "string"
    string = "SECURITY information for %hostname%"
)

# If messages go to facility "authpriv" and have severity "warning" (or worse)
# and the program's name is "sudo", then perform the given action:
if ( prifilt("authpriv.warning") and ($programname == "sudo") ) then {

    action(
        type             = "ommail"
        server           = "your_mail_server_here, e.g. mail.abc.com"
        port             = "25"
        mailfrom         = "test@abc.com"
        mailto           = "root@abc.com"
        body.enable      = "on"
        subject.template = "mailSubject"
    )

}

Make sure you configure a mail server that allows to send emails without
authentication. Usually this will be a mailserver in your local network
but not GMail or something like that because rsyslog's output module
ommail can currently not be configured for authentication
(username/password). You may also want to add the parameter

action.execOnlyOnceEveryInterval = "600"

to the action so you get only one email every 10 minutes (the others are
simply discarded). It depends on how often you expect such a message.

When done, restart rsyslog:

sudo systemctl restart rsyslog.service

Try out by either issueing a prohibited sudo command or by running

logger -p authpriv.warning -t sudo "This should be sent as an email"

The above configuration will put the logmessage "as is" into the mail body.
If you prefer some formatting or different appearance then you need to supply
a template for the email's body


Ubuntu 16.04 VA-API problem with iGPU / ESXI passthrough

Maybe my solution can be useful for others:

sudo chgrp video /dev/dri -R
sudo chmod 666 /dev/dri/*
sudo chmod 755 /dev/dri

voila!


I updated to 18.10 and used PRIME select (which wasn't available in Xorg nvidia control center on 18.04) and it is silent as a mouse.


What commands can be used to control GUI buttons?

The tool is xdotool (command-line X11 automation tool)

DESCRIPTION
   xdotool lets you programatically (or manually) simulate keyboard input
   and mouse activity, move and resize windows, etc. It does this using
   X11's XTEST extension and other Xlib functions.


How to resize Ubuntu partition without re installing Ubuntu

Use gparted

sudo apt-get install gparted

You can resize and create new partitions. Run it from live CD/DVD because can't  modify in-use partition.


How to specify path to the installed tool?

I received an answer from biostars: https://www.biostars.org/p/162483/#162526
It was a problem with .sra file - not with the SRA Toolkit.


Different nova.conf on each compute node for novnc acccess

nova-cloud-controller and nova-compute charms added support to configure novnc, so you don't need to cook your own recipes :)

In a nutshell, just set console-access-protocol to novnc in nova-cloud-controller and you're done.

Take look to https://bugs.launchpad.net/charms/+source/nova-compute/+bug/1237996 for details about the implementation or http://manage.jujucharms.com/charms/trusty/nova-cloud-controller/config for configuration details.

Best,


Random wireless disconnects, can anyone spot a problem in these logs?

We see your wireless attempting to roam from among several access points, I assume all with the same name. Please check here: Ubuntu connect drops. Worked for a while then started dropping again


12.04 will not shutdown with many programs running

It's not a bug. Check the log files to see what could be causing this. I don't have any issues with shutdown or freezing with my Ubuntu 12.04, now running for over a month. I did have this issue on the 10.04 LTS version but none here. It's most likely a software that prevents Ubuntu to shutdown as the program could still be processing. It may see that nothing is running to you but in the backend there are programs running. One of these programs (possibly a third party application) could be causing this issue. There are several other reasons why this could happen, apart from just the program interference. Hopefully someone will shed some light on these.

Check the output when you type in the following

sudo shutdown -h now


Rightclick on the ".mp4" file, choose "open with" and then "choose another app". Scroll down to the bottom and choose "more apps", click it. Then scroll down again and click "Look for another app on this PC". This will pop up a file explorer. Go to the directory where You installed Chrome and dubbleclick on "chrome.exe". Default directory of Chrome is "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application".


WIFI not recognized by Ubuntu with pre installed Win8 (12.10)

Install ndiswrapper

sudo aptitude install ndiswrapper-common ndiswrapper-modules-1.9 ndiswrapper-utils-1.9

Install the WiFi driver (from Windows):

sudo ndiswrapper -i yourdriver.inf

Check the driver is working:

sudo ndiswrapper -l

Load the module:

sudo depmod -a

sudo modprobe ndiswrapper

Configure modprobe so that it loads ndiswrapper:

sudo ndiswrapper -m

Edit the modules to add ndiswrapper at the end:

sudo gedit /etc/modules

Remember to add ndiswrapper at the end.

Hope you now have your WiFi back!


How to Dual boot Windows 8.1 with Ubuntu 14.10

When I did it the only change I made was to disable fast boot. I left secure boot and everything else in BIOS alone.

In Windows go to Control Panel and Administrative Tools, then select Disk Manager. Select your partition and shrink to size you would like your Ubuntu to be. When it finishes, it will show as unallocated space, leave it like this.

Now restart the installation process. You should now get an option to install alongside Windows boot manager. Go through the install process. When done restart.

For me, because I left secure boot and BIOS alone, after install and restart it will just boot Windows with no option to boot Ubuntu. On my hp laptop, I have to do the following to get to GRUB to select Ubuntu:

After I turn on I have to press f9 right away, select Ubuntu, and then GRUB launches. From there I select Ubuntu again and press enter and it boots.

Edit: I think I misread. If you can't even get the USB to boot up, the Ubuntu iso may not have setup correctly. In Windows download Linux live USB creator and use that to make your USB your Ubuntu installation media and bootable. The above instructions still apply.

Edit 2: okay, it might be a good idea to download iso again. Once downloaded use Linux live USB creator to create bootable USB. Restart and then go to BIOS, restore default (f10) usually and save.

If you have a recovery partition and the option to back it up, I suggest you do that. My hp laptop allowed me to create one backup of my recovery. That way, if something goes wrong and you ever lose Windows you can get it back.

If you have the option to back up, do that first and then try to install Ubuntu again. Just when you install make sure you get the option "install alongside Windows 8" or "install alongside windows boot manager".

If you don't get one of those two options and continue with the install you will lose Windows


Why wont my dell inspiron broadcom 1350 mini wifi adapter not connect to my wifi?

I service more Dell laptops than any other brand, and I probably also encounter more Broadcom WIFI adapters than any other brand.  I recently responded to another question here, essentially the same as yours but regarding a different Broadcom device.  Though my comments there did not represent the necessary advice that user needed, I'm hoping this pointer to that thread will help you today.


Keyboard shorcut for a custom folder in Desktop

You can open any folder, file, or URL in its default application with the xdg-open command:

xdg-open '/home/palerdot/Desktop/My Folder'

Add that as a custom keyboard shortcut.


Here's some useful CLI commands to help you make sense of what's going on.

The first is the command free which will provide results similar to what you see below:

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:        7614996     1855044     3592444      202500     2167508     5197716
Swap:       1048572      594772      453800

As you can see above I have 1048572 bytes of swap reserved on my system and am currently using 594772 bytes of it. the 2167508 bytes of buff/cache makes it plain that I don't have to be using swap and can safely turn it off completely with the command sudo swapoff -a

AS is clearly stated on the man page which you can see if you issue the command man swapoff

swapoff  disables  swapping  on  the specified devices and files.  When the -a flag is given, swapping is disabled on all
       known swap devices and files (as found in /proc/swaps or /etc/fstab).

Having issued the command sudo swapoff -a I can confirm that it's off even though I didn't specify where it was by running free again and the results are:

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:        7614996     1978976     3297572      379672     2338448     4905560
Swap:             0           0           0

Edit: Note that to turn swap back on without knowing where it is you can issue the command sudo swapon -a

I believe this concise answer should eliminate any concerns you have about trusting SysMonitor as it doesn't use it, explains how you might find your swap space if you set it up, and how to disable and re-enable it without knowing where it is.


How to read in string data and compute the sum of numbers from text file

Use awk:
<infile awk '{ print sum+=$1, $2 }'

add date&time to the output:
<infile awk '{ print sum+=$1, $2 }
END{ print date_time }' date_time="$(date +'%F %T')"

note that the "date_time" above would be the date&time before command awk execution. if you need the date&time when awk finished the processing, do:
<infile awk '{ print sum+=$1, $2 }' && echo "$(date +'%F %T')"

or if you have GNU awk for the strftime() function:
<infile awk '{ print sum+=$1, $2 } END{ print strftime("%F %T") }'

see awk strftime() formatting here
to add date&time and output in one line:
<infile awk '{ sum+=$1 } END{ print sum, $2, date_time }' date_time="$(date +'%F %T')"

again, you can use strftime() function for GNU awk to output date&time instead.


I had the same error - i picked up beta version using this command:

"snap install microstack --classic --beta" and it worked. There is another choice is to pick up an earlier version's edge using:

"snap install microstack --classic --channel=rocky/edge" - that also succeeded. I decided to stick with beta.


What to do against game performance drop in 12.04 when using unity (3D)?

It's not a real solution, but at least it might be a (hopefully) useful workaround (apart from simply using Unity 2D).

Before you start a game, open up Nautilus (the file manager) and go to /usr/share/application. Open up a terminal, type metacity --replace, and press enter. Don't panick, the Unity interface will disappear, but this is my intention. Launch the game from the file manager (the launcher for the game should be in the folder I mentioned). After you finish playing your game, type unity --replace in the terminal window, and press enter. Your desktop is now restored to how it was.
This should work as it's probably Unity running in the background that's causing trouble.

Also, I'd report this as a bug. It's definitely something that needs to be fixed. If you submit a bug report, be sure to leave a link here so other people who are experiencing this problem can mark it as "affecting them", which will get it fixed sooner.


lxsession-default-terminal does not open a terminal anymore (Lubuntu 18.04)

This is not a real answer, but my comment is longer than the maximum size.

I'm also affected. I did a distro upgrade to 18.04 (from 17.10), and then this issue started. Well, I haven't debugged enough, but I have the same symptoms as you.

I can use lxsession-default-apps to change the default terminal, but it doesn't matter. Clicking "Reload" (to open a new terminal from lxsession-default-apps interface), or running lxsession-default-terminal both fail the same way: a new window briefly shows and disappears.

/usr/bin/lxsession-default-terminal is actually a shell script that runs dbus-send --session --print-reply --dest="org.lxde.SessionManager" /org/lxde/SessionManager org.lxde.SessionManager.SessionLaunch string:"terminal_manager" string:"$PWD", which makes me believe there is something wrong within LXDE session manager.

I'm running LXDE with OpenBox. I can optionally run compton, but it doesn't change anything (other than having compton print dozens of BadWindow messages).

As a workaround, I can edit ~/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml and remap the terminal shortcuts to lxterminal directly.


No console login prompt in Xenial VM on KVM host

It seems that Xenial tends to show the graphical console (tty7) after boot - which is unfortunately empty, except for the line quoted above.

You can 'fix' this immediately by hitting Ctrl-Alt-1 to switch to tty1, which is a text console.

To make this permanent, add a line like this to /etc/default/grub:

 GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=text

Save and perform:

 update-grub

This makes grub tell Linux to use the "text" console after boot.


low graphics mode error only during shutdown

Your problem seems to stand at LightDM, so probably you can fix that by these steps:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo dpkg-reconfigure unity-greeter
sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

Select "lightdm" and test it, if it didn't solve the problem try running the last command again and choosing a different option (if there is one).

If you is still having trouble try:

sudo gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

and replace the following line:

greeter-session=pantheon-greeter

by:

greeter-session=unity-greeter

If it not be effective replace back the line to its previous state.


Which icon does indicator-power use when fully charged?

Apparently the icon is called battery-full-symbolic or battery-full-charge-symbolic. You could place the image in the path:

~/.icons/<THEME_NAME>/status/scalable/battery-full-symbolic.svg

and/or

~/.icons/<THEME_NAME>/status/scalable/battery-full-charge-symbolic.svg

To check for the actual paths used run:

locate battery-full | grep /usr/share/icons/ubuntu-mono

in a terminal.


The easiest way to achieve all of these in Unity is to run gnome-panel. You can add the panel in your startup applications to make it run in each session.

This is achieved automatically by running gnome-panel.
This can be achieved by adding the 'Workspace Switcher' applet to your panel.
This can be achieved by adding the 'Window List' applet to your panel.

You can decide how many panels you want and where to have them to suit your workflow best.


how to make keyboard shortcuts work while in another language

I'm afraid that's a known bug in libreoffice specifically and Unity in general. I suggest you read through those pages but a user has found a possible workaround:

In freedesktop.org Bugzilla #41169, Paulo Fino (finomeno) wrote on 2014-03-05:
#157
Hello everyone!
After months of switching layouts and banging my head against this bug, I thought I should check LibreOffice settings (I'm using 4.1.5.3 now). What figures? I did find something. And in just a few clicks.
This is not a bug! It's simply a matter of configuration.
For the regular keyboard shortcuts (like Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V, etc.) to remain operational in LibreOffice applications while using a non-latin keyboard layout (like Greek or Russian), go to Tools -> Options -> Language Settings -> Languages, check the Ignore system input language option, save, and Bob's your uncle.
Hope this helps.
Cheers!
PS Technically, though, shortcuts still remain language-dependent.
This means if you enable this option, you will have to set your
document languages manually.

That might fix your libreoffice issue but you will still have the same problem in other programs.


Make sure to check in the /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/ folder and remove the lingering Java folder which will be named after the latest Java folder on your machine. Replace the {current-java-version_folder} with the name of that folder, and run this command:

sudo rm -r /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/{current-java-version_folder}

Then install Java again:

sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get purge oracle-java8-installer
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

Then follow up with:

sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-set-default


How can I repair mistakenly formatted EFI partition?

For both Windows & Ubuntu how you boot install/repair media UEFI or BIOS is then how it installs or repairs.

When you reinstalled Ubuntu you reinstalled in BIOS boot mode (and BIOS mode need bios_grub partition as your Boot-Repair report suggests). You now have grub in gpt's protective MBR and no mount of /EFI/ubuntu in fstab.
You can convert install to UEFI, by booting live installer in UEFI mode and purging grub-pc and installing grub-efi-amd64. Often easier to do a full reinstall of grub using Boot-Repair.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

If you keep Ubuntu in BIOS mode you will not be able to boot Windows as UEFI & BIOS are not compatible. Once you start booting in one mode you cannot switch, once in BIOS grub can only boot other BIOS systems. And Windows only boots in UEFI mode from gpt partitioned drives.

To fix Windows you will need a Windows repair flash drive, DVD or installer booted in UEFI mode to make UEFI repairs using Windows repair console.

https://superuser.com/questions/460762/how-can-i-repair-the-windows-8-efi-bootloader

After Windows is repaired & has /EFI/Microsoft folder in ESP, you can run grub updates which runs os-prober to add Windows entry to grub menu.

sudo update-grub


Xubuntu 12.10 : Can't add account to network application

Just got this answer myself.
you have to startup the settings like this

env XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=GNOME gnome-control-center

just pop this into a terminal window or into Alt+F2 and you're set.


Can I download Ubuntu 15.10 drivers (amd) and will work on ubuntu 16.04?

No, they will not.

In fact, you won't get any GUI at all (if you do, it will be in Low Graphics Mode) until you uninstall the drivers.

AMD is supposedly working a new driver for 16.04 that's called amdgpu. Until that comes out, however, 16.04 is stuck with open source drivers for AMD cards, unless you're willing to try out the beta:

http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=amd-gpu-pro&num=1

I recommend that you stay with open source or downgrade until the driver is stable, but you can always try it.


Add packages to the LiveCD when using Ubuntu Customization Kit

Select console application from your prompt and then when it appears run

echo -e "\ndeb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe\ndeb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse\n" >> /etc/apt/sources.list

to set apt-get sources and then

apt-get update
apt-get install vlc


PGP Enigmail Problem, can no longer decrypt or sign my own messages

I had this problem on OSX with gpg v2 and fixed it by installing gpg v1 alongside it. Not sure if this is applicable to Ubuntu.


Remastering/Modifying Ubuntu LiveCDs - Authentication Failure

What worked for me was installing user-setup
While recording my screen, I booted the LiveCD (in a VM) in "text" mode.
While reviewing the text I noticed there was an error that it could not create the Live Session user and that chroot couldn't execute /usr/lib/user-setup/user-setup-apply because the file didn't exist.

So I customized my already-customized ISO, installing user-setup via apt-get (apt-get install user-setup) and I could finally "Try" my LiveCD without installing.

I'm not sure how the user-setup package got removed during my customization process.

Without your LiveCD, it's difficult to diagnose what exactly caused your specific issue. But maybe this answer will help you fix your LiveCD or others encountering a similar issue who - like me - can't find any solutions online.

On another note, my previous post received a down vote and was converted to comment- I'm not allowed to comment because I don't have the reputation (that down vote doesn't help me get there).


Network Connections - able to connect to wireless but network connections does not display my connection

I was able to fix this by editing NetworkManager configuration file.

Edit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf and it should look like this:

[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile

[ifupdown]
managed=true

credit goes to http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=9402242

However, when I reboot my machine, on startup screen it shows "Waiting for network connection" for a few seconds (which will take more time to boot). The only workaround for now is to replace lightdm with gdm.


How can I patch ubuntu 19.04 kernel adding FTE0001 to focaltech.c so that my focaltech touchpad can work properly

Edit3:

Two Finger scrolling Working
Tap to Click working
Edge Scrolling working
Pinch to Zoom can be enabled with external tools

Kinetic Scrolling is client side, that means apps developed with support for it work fine, most GNOME apps support it. I tested GNOME web (epiphany) and it works perfectly.

source:
github.com/chilledHamza/focaltech-dkms


Comcast Xfinity TV videos will not launch

I've run into this as well. It looks like they use Flash for ads, but Silverlight for the content. Sadly, there is no proper Silverlight support for Linux.

Quickest way around this is to install wine, then install the Windows version of Firefox, and just use the win32 Firefox for viewing XFinity (or anything else Silverlight, ie Netflix).


Preserve directory tree while copying with rsync

Use the -R or --relative option to preserve the full path.

If you do not want the full path of the remote file, but only part of that, rsync offers this feature since version 2.6.7 (this is the version on the sending side which is the local side in your case).

Just insert a dot /./ into the path where you want to break the path

Ex:

rsync --relative Videos/./YouTube/LetsPlays foo@bar:/home/foo/

would result in this remote path:

/home/foo/YouTube/LetsPlays


Export iGoogle RSS and Import into liferea

Using this convert to opml and then import using Lifrerea.


Encrypted drive cloning - resizing partitions problem

I'll need to test this on a completely clean set of circumstances but running these commands at the end of the above described procedure seems to work.  I will update this solution if I hit any more snags.

sudo parted
(parted) print
(parted) resizepart
Partition number? 2
End?  [32.0GB]? 100%
(parted) print
(parted) quit


My system consists of Ubuntu Desktop and a lot of additional server software, like Bind, Apache, Postfix.
I had the same problem: The configuration network configuration inputs from the GUI (settings > network) did not go into /etc/resolv.conf. Also the inputs from netplan did not got into /etc/resolv.conf. With this solution dig and nslookup work correctly.

The symbolic link /etc/resolv.conf points actually to /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf. After the following solution it points to /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf:

$ sudo rm /etc/resolv.conf
$ sudo ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf


Share or collect xubuntu keyboard shortcuts

Keyboard shortcuts are stored in the XML file

~/.config/xfce4/xfconf/xfce-perchannel-xml/xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts.xml


I would be hopeful that 12.04 could run on Linux 2.6. It's not much older than the initial 3.0 release so I doubt there's much that relies on 3.0-only APIs.

The core Linux developers still maintain one 2.6 kernel (currently at 2.6.32.63) although in the .58 release notes it was said that the maintenance will slow down and will, one day, eventually stop.

2.6.32.* is also still being built for Lucid (10.04 LTS). You can find the packages for this in the Kernel PPA but if you're reading this answer any significant time after it was posted, check the listings. You will need to manually download the packages for your architecture and install them.

You will also need to monitor 2.6 releases and upgrade under your own volition. Ubuntu won't automatically update these packages for you so you'll have to go back to the PPA.

Lucid support will in April 2015 so I expect these builds to end. After that your remaining options are:

Download from kernel.org and compile it yourself, though I expect maintenance to tail off after Lucid dies.
Pay your hardware vendor to upgrade their driver for 3.* kernels.
Replace the hardware with a version that is still supported.
If the vendor doesn't exist any more and there isn't replacement hardware out there, you could probably pay somebody to port the driver.

And you have to keep in mind that this might all come to nothing. There simply might be things in 12.04 that rely on 3.* features.

In terms of your auxiliary questions, yes it should be possible to install alongside older kernels and yes, that will result in being offered a choice at the Grub screen. That said the newest kernel will, by default, always be the first choice.

You could probably hardwire around that by editing the grub configuration.


After upgrading from Ubuntu 18.04 to Ubuntu 18.10, polybar is now crashing with SIGSEV

If you got the package from a non-official PPA and the package is also for 18.10, contact the package maintainer since the package likely needs to be recompiled for 18.10.

If you have built the polybar yourself you likely have to completely recompile and reinstall it. For this follow the install instructions and make sure you use a clean build directory and not the one you used to compile it on 18.04.

Btw. support for 18.10 ends this month (July 2019) so better upgrade to 19.04 ;)


headless ubuntu server with desktop gui with working gpu

I fixed it.

I supplied a EDID file from https://github.com/linuxhw/EDID/tree/master/Digital/Nvidia
I configured Xorg using this nvidia-xconfig line:

sudo nvidia-xconfig -a --allow-empty-initial-configuration --use-display-device=None \
--virtual=1920x1200 --busid {busid} --use-display-device="DFP-0" \
--connected-monitor="DFP-0" --custom-edid="DFP-0:/etc/X11/edid.txt"

Where busid = gpu bus id

After that simply start x sudo startx
and login.

later on I found that TurboVNC works a bit more stable.
I installed VirtualGL and TurboVNC

made sure to forward the gpu to the VNC session and ran this:

sudo dpkg -i virtualgl_*.deb
sudo -i
/opt/VirtualGL/bin/vglserver_config

rmmod nvidia-nomode
rmmod nvidia-nvm
rmmod nvidia
reboot
xauth merge /etc/opt/VirtualGL/vgl_xauth_key
sudo dpkg -i turbovnc_*.deb
/opt/TurboVNC/bin/vncserver -geometry 1920x1080

Final xorg.conf


SSD freezes every Monday at 00:00 local time

You're having one of two issues...

The firmware in your Samsung 860 SSD needs updating.

You're having NCQ errors, and require a patch.

Firmware
Download Samsung Magician here, and check your Samsung firmware.
fsck
Let's check your file system for errors...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in “Try Ubuntu” mode
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

NCQ
The NCQ error can be seen here...
[33597.552222] ata10.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x438c0 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen
[33597.552228] ata10.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[33597.552236] ata10.00: cmd 61/68:30:b0:a0:7d/01:00:05:00:00/40 tag 6 ncq dma 184320 out
                        res 40/00:01:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[33597.552239] ata10.00: status: { DRDY }
[33597.552294] ata10: hard resetting link

Native Command Queuing (NCQ) is an extension of the Serial ATA protocol allowing hard disk drives to internally optimize the order in which received read and write commands are executed.
Edit sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub and change the following line to include this extra parameter. Then do sudo update-grub to write the changes to disk. Reboot. Monitor hangs, and watch /var/log/syslog or dmesg for continued error messages.
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash libata.force=noncq"


If depend that you have de ppa of wine, if you dont have dont worry Ubuntu only upgrade the stable version of Wine.

In case that you have the ppa of wine, you have desactive in origen of software.


Unable to install momentics IDE in ubuntu 13.10

I've resolved this issue by installing libxtst6 from i386 architecture. Below are the full steps to install blackberry momentics IDE on ubuntu 13.10 x64

sudo apt-get install libcanberra-gtk-module:i386 gtk2-engines-murrine:i386  libgtk2.0-0:i386 libpangox-1.0-0:i386 libpangoxft-1.0-0:i386 libidn11:i386 libglu1-mesa:i386 gtk2-engines-pixbuf:i386 libxtst6  libasound2:i386 libdbus-glib-1-2:i386
wget https://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/xulrunner/releases/10.0.2/runtimes/xulrunner-10.0.2.en-US.linux-i686.tar.bz2
tar -xvf xulrunner-10.0.2.en-US.linux-i686.tar.bz2
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=PATH_TO_XULRUNNER ldd *.so

That's all :)


Laptop resumes from suspend while lid is closed

Removing the lid's ability to resume from a suspended state might be helpful as a temporary hack (though is admittedly, not a solution).


How can I upgrade from 11.04 to 12.04LTS in one step with no downloads?

Unfortunately the only way to upgrade your OS from 11.04 to 12.04LTS in one step, without any downloads, is to buy a new computer with 12.04LTS installed.


Do I need to clear out swap to make my computer fast again?

Once data goes into swap, it is normal for it to stay there even once your memory starts to free up again.  It is a good thing and there is no need for concern.

Due to hard disk access being significantly slower than memory, your system will avoid swapping data in or out of swap when it doesn't think it is necessary for system performance or stability.  So, data will only go into swap when the system is running out of free memory or there is a lot of pressure on the disk cache, and your system decides the time-consuming process of placing data into swap will pay off with better or more reliable system performance afterwards.

Transferring data out of swap is (for traditional hard disks, at least) just as time-consuming as putting it in there. So your system will be reluctant to remove data from swap if it's not actually being used. If you have data in swap and it's not being used, then it's actually a good thing that it remains in swap, since it leaves more free memory for other things that are being used, potentially speeding up your system.

The best way to completely avoid swapping is to buy more physical RAM if that's possible.  When it swaps, your system is giving you the best performance it can with the amount of physical memory it has.

All that said, if you are sure that the low-memory/high cache event that caused the swap in the first place won't happen again and you don't mind waiting, you can force the system to release all of its swap data with the following commands.

sudo swapoff -a
sudo swapon -a

This will disable then re-enable swap, forcing data out of it in the process.  As explained, there is probably no real reason to do this - beyond curiosity or seeing how your swap is working.


Mac OS X-like application launching for Ubuntu/Linux?

Hi there. I'm not sure if this specifically addresses your dock question, but I have found some information about the pre-loading feature that you are talking about.

Have you taken a look at Preload? It fits your requirements and works in Ubuntu as well.

  Preload is considered to be read-ahead daemon application as it
  analyzes the applications which user runs, and on the basis of this
  analysis it predicts which applications user can run next time and
  launches these applications in RAM. Its daemon keeps running in
  background all the time and saves the required information about the
  applications you are running so that it may load them quickly next
  time.

Here's the link to where I got the above quote and for more information on Preload, including how to install it: http://www.addictivetips.com/ubuntu-linux-tips/speed-up-applications-load-time-with-preload-in-ubuntu-linux/


edit your /etc/fuse.conf with following modifications.

# Set the maximum number of FUSE mounts allowed to non-root users.
# The default is 1000.

mount_max = 1000

# Allow non-root users to specify the 'allow_other' or 'allow_root'
# mount options.

user_allow_other

I mean Just remove the Hash(#).


It might be that the newer version of Chrome simply does not like your GPU. I have had issues similar to yours and have solved them by turning off the compositing and 3d acceleration features.

Type chrome://flags into the address bar and set the following items:

GPU compositing on all pages: Disabled (Three options in a drop-down.)

Disable accelerated 2D canvas: Enable (Click the link that says 'Enable', the box will turn white.)

Disable accelerated CSS animations: Enable (Like above, the item will turn white.)

Then click the button that shows up at the bottom of the page Relaunch now to restart chrome and test if this worked.


What does the variable $SHELL do, entered without any command?

It is expanded, and its content is interpreted as a command to run. For example, if it contains /bin/bash, it will run /bin/bash, i.e. it will start a new bash shell.

In the particular example, it prevents the terminal from being closed, as the shell is running in interactive mode, i.e. waiting for the user to type in commands.


Starting a service from /etc/event.d works, but not from /etc/init

Ubuntu 8.04 included an older version of Upstart, which stored its scripts under /etc/event.d rather than /etc/init like current versions do.

While upgrading Upstart would make it look in the new location, I would strongly recommend against doing that unless you are upgrading the entire system (e.g. to the current LTS release: 10.04).  Other packages designed for 8.04 that include Upstart scripts will expect that the /etc/event.d location is being used.

If you are stuck on 8.04, it is probably better to work with the version it ships with.


Phase 1 - Note: don't use a Live CD.

In your Ubuntu open a terminal (press Ctrl+Alt+T at the same time)
Type  gedit admin:///etc/default/grub This will run text-editor gedit, if you're using another one just type the name of it instead of gedit.
Make the changes you would like to make and save them.
Close gedit.Your terminal should still be open.
In the terminal type sudo update-grub, wait for the update to finish.
Reboot your computer.

Phase 2 - After you have logged into your system

Open a terminal again (Ctrl+Alt+T).
Type in the terminal gksu gedit /etc/default/grub
To see the grub-menu at boot time,comment or remove the following line: GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0

To comment, add # at the beginning of this line, the result will be #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0

Save the file.
Again in the terminal run sudo update-grub.

If seeing the grub menu at boot is the only thing you want you should undo earlier changes to the file.


Running multiple Internet connections simultaneously

Bonding, also called port trunking or link aggregation means combining several network interfaces (NICs) to a single link, providing either high-availability, load-balancing, maximum throughput, or a combination of these. See UbuntuBonding.


Did not align when using gparted - will I be fine?

If your laptop 6 years old, I would expect its hard drive to use 512-byte sectors (i.e. 1 physical sector = 1 virtual sector). In this case any alignment is a good alignment - the whole point of the alignment is to ensure that filesystem clusters are aligned with physical sectors - any misalignment is only possible if physical sector size is larger than 512 bytes.

I'm not sure how any misalignment can cause intermittent boot errors you're describing - either it boots or it's not :)


I would perform a MD5 check to make sure the .ISO file you are downloading is good. The procedure is here:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToMD5SUM   (do the manual procedure its fast and easy).

The 14.04 MD5 value is here:
http://releases.ubuntu.com/trusty/MD5SUMS

I have never installed using a usb, and have aways used a DVD disk. It's really easy if it's an option for you. If using a USB is important to you, take a look here to make sure what you are doing is the same as the 14.04 bootable USB procedure: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick

Lastly, make sure that your bios boot order allows your boot device to be the highest in the list; or manually select where to boot from when your PC starts.

If it worked on a 12.04 install, it is a good sign! Just keep digging, you'll get it.


I assume your problem is that you THINK your computer has no password, while it really does. There is (fortunately) a simple way to test.

Open a commandline by doing Ctrl+Alt+T
Type sudo -s and hit ENTER
If it doesn't ask you for a password, set one. More info below.
If it DOES ask you for a password, you need to recover and set a new one.

To set a password:

Open a commandline by doing Ctrl+Alt+T
Type sudo passwd $(USER) and hit ENTER
Enter a new password
Celebrate with your new password!

To RESET a password:

Reboot and hold SHIFT while rebooting.
Enter Ubuntu Recovery mode.
Select the root menu option.
Type ls /home. You should see a single directory. Remember the name of it!
Type passwd <insert dir name from above>.
Choose a new password.
Done!

Please only do the reset on your own computer! It can reset other Ubuntu passwords as well! Ignore that lie.

If you got a new computer pre-loaded with Ubuntu on it, I highly recommend that you install a clean Ubuntu! It gets rid of manufacturer bloatware, and you never run into these problems.


USB Microphone (webcam) and JACK, Ubuntu Studio

The webcam should show up in Carla, not in Pulseaudio. When Jack is started by Ubuntu Studio Controls, Pulseaudio becomes a "device" as recognized by Jack. Therefore, your USB webcam mic would show up in the Carla patchbay as a device. Pulseaudio should only recognize "Jack Sink" or "Jack Source".


How to set value for autoanswer in apt-get install

Andersson was able to solve the issue using this answer.

  Copy a working /etc/default/keyboard file to the directory that contains the Dockerfile.
  Add the following line to your Dockerfile before installing xdm or lightdm.

COPY ./keyboard /etc/default/keyboard

  Example keyboard file:

# Check /usr/share/doc/keyboard-configuration/README.Debian for
# documentation on what to do after having modified this file.

# The following variables describe your keyboard and can have the same
# values as the XkbModel, XkbLayout, XkbVariant and XkbOptions options
# in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.

XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBLAYOUT="us"
XKBVARIANT="intl"
XKBOPTIONS=""

# If you don't want to use the XKB layout on the console, you can
# specify an alternative keymap.  Make sure it will be accessible
# before /usr is mounted.
# KMAP=/etc/console-setup/defkeymap.kmap.gz
BACKSPACE="guess"


Vim change colorscheme and vimrc location file

Yes that is normal, and you can create the .vimrc file yourself (remember the '.' at the beginning of the file). You can add any VIM options to this file, and there are many guides online for things you can add/do to tweak your .vimrc for a specific use.


Open an editor, eg. gedit.

Add the following text into a new file.

-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: SKS 1.1.4
Comment: Hostname: keyserver.ubuntu.com

mI0ET324YwEEANbSlISrOlAGjxgFRxiN6jk0JIl/vxQ8lapRdxZ4DHDAQdXbX4AuigMBkP5e
sOxhMpDnkgMRtEVpaBMdQheA0/431pPQYqkr3jdeZw5JS5opiyJ4qr/QrcoSFHSluEkWkbZ6
RYOkA25vW31KK2FB2LQVRYk580llXAVgIUznm2ATABEBAAG0GExhdW5jaHBhZCBQUEEgZm9y
IHdhZ3VuZ4i4BBMBAgAiBQJPfbhjAhsDBgsJCAcDAgYVCAIJCgsEFgIDAQIeAQIXgAAKCRAb
IuuNj9/bVxabBADSGN8cp+hqkdZqwq263wdz/UGsiuB1bCrH06/HznC/ZC5rjfH3aQ1Dwwag
zYCrSD3c0cKNAqD10009N76RMlzZBH8kKL9khH3zPL/k4/lYuVP7y6NKFbBsnawEUc0mWcCa
mH4ScTdWWPXP/mOQiUUjnQ1bZhzpcbQOb+hEUAqExg==
=fJ+8
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

Save the file as /<your_path>/kali.pgp.

Perform the following command:

sudo apt-key add /<your_path>/kali.pgp


Black GRUB screen when booting into dual-boot of Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu

Is probably you deleted the folder who contained the grub bootloader. Sorry for my english. Try Boot Repair disk in a pendrive. You need to set off the Secure Boot.


How can I set up dual monitors with nVidia?

You shouldn't really need to worry about xorg.conf. You need to install your nvidia drivers.
The first thing you need to do is login normally, hit SuperKey and type in: Additional DriversOpen the Additional Drivers. You should see the following:

Select the one of your choice, and hit activate. The drivers should download for you, and install. Once the download/installation is complete, it will let you know that you will need to restart.

Once restarted you should then have access to the Nvidia X Server Settigns Application. You'll be able to find it by hitting SuperKey again and typing in: nvidia

You can then go to:

Hit Detect Displays, Set the Resolution, and Twinview or with one of your displays (whichever you prefer) set to primary.

I have access to a W520 at work. Let me know if this helps or if you need a little more info and I'll try to see what I can do to add more detail.


installation problem in windows 8(inbuilt)

1.Log in into your windows 8 os.Download and install EasyBCD from here.

2.Under linux section add a boot entry for your Ubuntu Partition and set the bootloader to grub2.And also add entry for your windows 8 partition.

3.reboot

OR

Download boot-repair live disk.Make a bootable boot-repair live usb using unetbootin software in windows,reboot and change the boot-order in bios to usb.Once the live disk was boot up click on the option Recommende Repair.It will reinstall your grub.


Why won't hibernation work on this Ubuntu-certified laptop?

As far as I know hibernation is disabled in Ubuntu 14.04. Follow these steps to enable it:

Type the below command in your terminal:

sudo -H gedit /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla

Fill the file with the following lines:

[Re-enable hibernate by default]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

[Re-enable hibernate by default in logind]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate;org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-multiple-sessions
ResultActive=yes

Save and exit.

Hibernation will be enabled after reboot. If you can not see the hibernate option in your menu, run this command;

killall unity-panel-service

It is better to have a swap partition that is as large as your available RAM for hibernation to work smoothly.  Refer the Ubuntu docs for details.

In addition you might also have to install pm-utils


I cannot update Ubuntu 64 11.10, have constant crashes

sudo apt-get install -f

Do not forget you need admin rights to update your system.

If all is lost a re-install might be an option. Save the important files to an usb stick or a cd and re-install.


How can you create a command with a Bash file

Although Radu's answer is absolutely correct, I feel like it's a bit incomplete for the beginner that does not know the location of certain files, so here's a step-by-step on the second method (using ~/bin). If you would like to store the files somewhere else than ~/bin, follow step 1, otherwise, ignore it and keep in mind you'll be using ~/bin as your scripts folders.

Open a terminal and run the following:

nano .profile

You should see, at the end of the file:

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

If you don't see it, try using nano .bash_profile instead. Keep in mind you should be at ~/, that is, /home/YOUR_USERNAME

This tells bash where user's scripts are. The default is /home/YOUR_USERNAME/bin which is "abbreviated" as $HOME/bin or ~/bin. You can then change it to any folder you'd like to store your scripts in. Mine is ~/.bin -- the same as the original, but hidden.
If you already issued chmod +x script.sh just move your scripts to the folder in which you're going to store them - create it if it doesn't exist. Inside that folder, if you store your scripts as file.sh you'll have to run file.sh everytime, so store them as file -- no extensions.


Permanently raising nofile limits in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

I increased the number of files limits for everyone this way (segment from /etc/security/limits.conf):
#        - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
#        - nofile - max number of open files (Doug: - so Samba will not complain)
* - nofile 16384
#        - rss - max resident set size (KB)
#        - stack - max stack size (KB)

That was on a 12.04 server. However, I tested 100000 on my 14.04 server and it worked fine. (Edit: also checked on 20.04)
~/config/security$ ulimit -n
16384

EDIT: For most applications that is enough, but it doesn't change the default value for root:
# ulimit -n
1024

If the number also needs to be changed for root, then (2020.09.04 - I now use 131,072):
#        - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
#        - nofile - max number of open file descriptors
* - nofile 131072
root - nofile 131072
#        - rss - max resident set size (KB)
#        - stack - max stack size (KB)

And so:
$ sudo su
# ulimit -n
131072


Sure. You can use gparted to create a new partition schema. You can change the size of partitions and create new ones. Make sure you backup your data before just in case something goes wrong.

Don't forget to apply the corresponding changes to /etc/fstab.


Continuing abrupted dist-upgrade or enabling SSH in recovery mode

You can try boot in recovery mode, mounting your system root partition in a directory and run bash chroot on that directory. From there, you can inspect and try to correct your system state.


It's not an error, it's a warning message.

It's because your VirtualHost directive doesn't match your ServerName directive and/or the CN of the certificate. All three need to be identical, unless you have a wildcard certificate where the non-wild portions must be identical.


Compiz shortcuts not working on ubuntu 17.10

Ubuntu 17.10 won't use compiz by default.  When you try to run compiz in a terminal it lets you know that another manager is running.  You can use compiz --replace to stop the old one and use compiz.
This is while I'm running on X-Org still.  I don't know if this will work while wayland is running.


This was hard for me to find out! (Relative newbie to Linux.)

In terminal, type sudo -i, then log in with your user password.
You will be in the root directory, with God-like powers...  :>)

I also found bash filename.sh will start the script.
Forgive me, I feel a great sense of accomplishment having
written a script (per suggestions in another post) which
killed all ads in Youtube!


How can I add a separator to the Place sidebar in nautilus?

This is not ideal but as far as I can see the only option you have short of filing a bug and chasing it through or writing and applying a patch.

Open Nautilus
Browse to a directory that you don't want to bookmark, for example /bin
From the Bookmarks menu click on "Add Bookmark"
Then Right click on the bookmark for /bin and choose "Rename..."
Rename the bookmark to "----------"
Close Nautilus and open it again
you now have something that looks vaguely but not very much like a separator.

EDIT: Looks like there is already a bug filed for this. Add your own point of view here.


I didn't know why it's happened , also I check my fstab by blkid
to have right UUID and it was true so I use this script for upgrade my kernel to 4.0.1 stable:

for 32 bit :

$ wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.0.1-wily/linux-headers-4.0.1-040001_4.0.1-040001.201505081133_all.deb

$ wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.0.1-wily/linux-headers-4.0.1-040001-generic_4.0.1-040001.201505081133_i386.deb

$ wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.0.1-wily/linux-image-4.0.1-040001-generic_4.0.1-040001.201505081133_i386.deb

for 64 bit :

$ wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.0.1-wily/linux-headers-4.0.1-040001_4.0.1-040001.201505081133_all.deb

$ wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.0.1-wily/linux-headers-4.0.1-040001-generic_4.0.1-040001.201505081133_amd64.deb

$ wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.0.1-wily/linux-image-4.0.1-040001-generic_4.0.1-040001.201505081133_amd64.deb

after download , install them by

sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-4.0.1*.deb linux-image-4.0.1*.deb

and restart by

sudo reboot

https://github.com/tavallaie/upgrade-kernel-4.0.1
* this script on github only work 64Bit os yet.


Can't cd to a (passed) variable in bash script

You can use file_path="${file_path/#~/$HOME}" to expand just the ~.

As far as I can tell, tilde expansion is the only kind of expansion that needs to be performed on the output of audtool --current-song-tuple-data file-path. Furthermore, only one specific case of tilde notation ever appears: if the path Audacious is using begins with the home directory of the user running Audacious, that part of the path is replaced with a ~ in the output of audtool. Since the audacious and audtool manpages don't clarify this, I've tried to get audtool to output paths prefixed with the ~username form of tilde expansion, and fortunately it appears never to do even that. I say "fortunately" because this means the situation is pretty simple.

Since the only transformation that needs to be done on the output of that audtool command is to replace a leading ~ with the path of the user's home directory, you can simply write code in your script that does that one expansion itself, and otherwise leaves the path unmodified. You've found that filenames of audio files you may play can contain characters treated specially by the shell, and if you play files named by other people it may even give rise to a security vulnerability in your script. By not having the shell execute--or even expand--arbitrary, untrusted text, you avoid that problem entirely.

There are several ways to expand ~ yourself. I suggest:

file_path="$(audtool --current-song-tuple-data file-path)"  # might need tilde expansion
file_path="${file_path/#~/$HOME}"  # do the tilde expansion, if needed

This manually performs the one transformation that may be needed. Specifically, when the output of audtool starts with a ~, that replaces it with the user's home directory, obtained by checking the value of the HOME variable. When the output doesn't start with a ~, no expansion is performed.

Note that this approach, ${file_path/#~/$HOME}, would not be correct if it were used as an attempt to simulate all forms of tilde expansion, because it would perform incorrect substitutions in the ~username form (and in some of the other, more obscure forms). However, so long as paths in the output of audtool only use tilde notation in the simple case of designating the current user's home directory--which I believe to be the case--then this approach is appropriate and correct for those paths.

The way it works is:

In general, Bash will expand ${parameter/pattern/string} into the value of parameter, but with the part that matches pattern replaced with string. If no part matches the pattern, the exact value of parameter is used.
When pattern is written with a leading #, it can only be matched starting at the very beginning of the value of parameter. (There are other characters besides # that are meaningful in this position: a % would require the pattern to be matched at the very end, and a / would cause the pattern to be matched and replaced as many times as it appears rather than at most once.)
~ has no special meaning in a pattern and is therefore treated literally, as a character to match and replace.

See parameter expansion for details.

Note that the code I have written doesn't do anything to handle the case of audtool producing empty output, as happens when there is no song currently playing (or, as Simon Sudler mentioned, if there is an error). However, it doesn't break on empty output or get in the way of subsequent handling of it. So if you want to cover that case, you still can.

Finally, I should mention that I've glossed over two distinctions that I believe are unimportant to your use case:

Since audtool's paths come from Audacious, if you were attempting the bizarre situation of running Audacious as one user and running audtool as another--and you somehow configured D-Bus so that worked--then you would have to care about ~ referring to a different user's home directory than the user running the script.
Technically speaking, tilde expansion for the current user (which happens in a shell with ~ by itself or followed immediately by /) is not quite equivalent to "$HOME". Shells may attempt to handle the strange case where HOME is not set. Bash does attempt to handle this and still produce a correct expansion. I doubt you care about the distinction for this purpose, though. See tilde expansion for details.


ubuntu 12.04 how can I gain access to arbitrary applications in Nautilus' "open with" dialog

Try this: right click file, open with other application, then select the application in the menu.

But if you really command you can take a look at http://www.packtpub.com/article/control-of-file-types-in-ubuntu using mime you can change the default type for any extension, granted you know the command for launching it in command line.


What is the gnome-shell equivalence in LXDE?

I see two moments:

GNOME Shell is a desktop environment based on Mutter for window management (while GNOME 2 used Metacity and one GNOME Panel or two).
In Lubuntu LXDE uses Openbox as window manager and LXPanel (equivalent of old GNOME Panel). This is confirmed while running Lubuntu session.

From this point of view - LXDE equivalence of GNOME Shell is Openbox.

Some useful links:

Wikipedia - GNOME Shell
Wikipedia - LXDE
Wikipedia - Comparison of X Window System desktop environments


Why are certain words in Firefox missing from my webpages?

The text on this page has no associated font. Therefore Firefox will substitute the default font that you set in the Options. However, the words C++ and Fortran are between italic tags. If there is an italic version of your default font installed on your system, Firefox will use that; otherwise, I guess Firefox gets confused. Thetefore, install an italic version of the default font, or choose another default font (in Options/Content) and see if the text reappears.


Are there any complementary tools for the info command?

As far as I know, doesn't exist any complementary tools for info command. But if you want something like how whatis is for man, you can create your own 'tools'. For example, you can create some shell functions (like an alias):

about () { info $1 2>/dev/null | sed -n 6,8p; }

or, maybe better:

inf () { info 2>/dev/null | grep "* $1:" | sed 's/ \+ /\t/g' | cut -f2; }

Some outputs:

$ about () { info $1 2>/dev/null | sed -n 6,8p; }
$ #some outputs for 'about' function defined above
$ about ls
The `ls' program lists information about files (of any type, including
directories).  Options and file arguments can be intermixed
arbitrarily, as usual.
$ about cp
`cp' copies files (or, optionally, directories).  The copy is
completely independent of the original.  You can either copy one file to
another, or copy arbitrarily many files to a destination directory.
$ about yes
`yes' prints the command line arguments, separated by spaces and
followed by a newline, forever until it is killed.  If no arguments are
given, it prints `y' followed by a newline forever until killed.
$
$ inf () { info 2>/dev/null | grep "* $1:" | sed 's/ \+ /\t/g' | cut -f2; }
$ #some outputs for 'inf' function
$ inf ls
List directory contents.
$ inf cp
Copy files.
$ inf cut
Print selected parts of lines.
$ inf grep
Print lines matching a pattern.
$ inf sed
Stream EDitor.


Resume from hibernation (pm-hibernate) randomly reboots

If you have problems with the "standard" Ubuntu hibernate, have a look at TuxOnIce especially their Ubuntu PPA as these guys follow up their errors much faster then Canonical itself.

I haven't had a single problem since starting to use them (and my laptop didn't work at all with Ubuntu hibernation...)

That being said: you should never install a PPA because someone tells you to (including me).  You should always use personal judgement whether to install a PPA or not. That being said, a highly regarded PPA with thousands of users should be held in higher regard then PPA:Maffia.it/Vincenzo.


How do I get a list of Amazon regions via the command line?


Installing Mysql group replication plugin

I encountered this issue as well, explained in more detail here: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46535713/mysql-group-replication-plugin-not-found-in-version-5-7-19-5-7-21.

What I learned what that not all versions of mysql come bundled with group replication. I instead had to install the "MySQL Community Version"

#[OPTIONAL] Completely remove current MySQL installation:
sudo service mysql stop
apt remove --purge mysql-\*
rm -rf /etc/mysql
rm -rf /var/log/mysql
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoclean

#Install MySQL Community Version 5.7.X:
sudo apt-get install libaio1
sudo apt-get install libmecab2
curl -OL https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-common_5.7.20-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
curl -OL https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-community-client_5.7.20-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
curl -OL https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-client_5.7.20-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
curl -OL https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-community-server_5.7.20-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.20-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client_5.7.20-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-client_5.7.20-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-server_5.7.20-1ubuntu16.04_amd64.deb

You should then find the plugin and be able to install it:

root@00.00.00.00:/var/log/mysql# ls -lah /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/
...
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.7M Sep 13  2017 group_replication.so
....


Mouse and keyboard not working and no cursor on the desktop of Ubuntu 16.04 after installing `xserver-xorg-input-synaptic`

Installed xserver-xorg-input-allpackage using upstart boot mode and it fixed the thing


Why do i have a small rectangle on the bottom right of my mouse cursor

this problem of graphic card upgrade to latest ubuntu version then install ati drivers

$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade && sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo shutdown -r
$ update-manager –d

then u have te reset unity

$ setsid unity
$ sudo update-alternatives --config x-cursor-theme
choose one of them
$ sudo apt-get update

now install the ati driver

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install fglrx gksu
$ sudo amdconfig --initial && sudo shutdown -r

after the reboot u can run the driver buy ALT + F2
copy & past this

gksu amdcccle


How do I get the right wireless modules to load at startup for a BCM4322?

If the blacklisting does not work then the module might be loaded early in the initframfs. Take a look at the file /etc/initramfs-tools/modules.

What is the content of /etc/modules? Also please post the lines you used to blacklist the modules.

br

Update:

I found the following command on the b43 homepage:

sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

Have you tried that?

On the other hand, if you want to have your module loaded at run-time, add the following line to /etc/modules:

b43

to /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

blacklist brcmsmac and blacklist wl

then reboot the machine.

The module should be loaded then.


Setting dns-nameservers on a Bonded Network Connection

The server had to be rebooted today anyway for something else.. and the method in my original question worked fine. Just had to put:

dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 208.67.222.222

in /etc/network/interfaces


No internet after upgrading from 12.04 to 14.04.1

I was able to solve my issue by running

sudo dhclient


I suggest you download these packages to your desktop. Be sure to get the packages appropriate to your architecture; either 32- or 64-bit.

http://packages.ubuntu.com/utopic/ndiswrapper-utils-1.9

http://packages.ubuntu.com/utopic/ndiswrapper-common

Once they are on your desktop, install with:

cd ~/Desktop
sudo dpkg -i ndis*.deb


Force docker.service and docker.socket service to start after DNS is functioning on boot

I was seeing this same issue and also use FreeIPA. Was able to resolve it by adding:

After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

to the /lib/systemd/system/docker.socket file (under [Unit] just like in the docker.service file)


If you are trying a dist-upgrade (seems so?) it may com from Ubuntu commenting out foreign repositories while upgrading to a newer version. Besides that there shouldn't be an incident, where MariaDB is uninstalled (if it wasn't installed as a dependency) automagically.


Stuck in low-graphics mode, normal method not working

I could guess that the TTY1 is showing that information but the rest of the TTY (2 to 6) do not). So my advice is to CTRL+ALT+2 or 3 and see if you get the login prompt there. If you do, then follow on with the rest of the steps.


How can I log in to the GUI to start deploying services?

To find the ip/hostname of the GUI you first must run juju status in the command line and it will output the list of services which have been deployed to the active environment. Visit this path and then the GUI will tell you where to look for the password.

If you do this on a remote cloud you will need to run juju expose juju-gui to first expose it to the world. This is not required when deploying to your local machine.

If you deployed it locally the password will likely be available by running head ~/.juju/environments/local.env

You should also take a look at the juju-quickstart plugin which can handle setting up the environment, deploying the GUI, and then opening up the browser and logging you in.


Menus look strange and performance is poor after upgrade from Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04

I'm guessing that you managed to resolve this issue, but in case you didn't, or for anyone else that this might help; I found that after upgrading from 16.04 LTS to 18.04 LTS the styles were missing from my menus and settings, such as volume.
This seems due to the fact that I was using a GTK theme for 16.04. After setting all my icons, themes, cursor and fonts back to defaults, everything was usable again. You can use gnome-tweaks or unity-tweak-tool to do this if you are in a similar position.
Hope this might be helpful for someone.


How to check if an Ubuntu installation has been upgraded from previous versions

I doubt there is a perfect method. A method could be to check the date of creation of the filesystem:

 sudo tune2fs -l /dev/sda1  | grep 'Filesystem created:'
 Filesystem created:       Thu Mar  5 15:51:50 2015

The system I pulled this from was created on March 5th 2015. Of course it is entirely possible to install 14.10 on March the 5th and then upgrade to 15.04 so it is no perfect method.

Since ...

cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=15.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=vivid
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 15.04"

the system is 15.04 I would assume it is an installed version and not an upgrade. In hindsight: March 5th probably was the day of the 15.04 got frozen (?)

You can also check ...

/var/log/dist-upgrade/

total 212
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   1786 apr 24  2015 apt.log
-rw-r----- 1 root adm  169074 apr 24  2015 apt-term.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  33191 apr 24  2015 history.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 apr 24  2015 main.log.partial
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 apr 24  2015 term.log

history.log will have lots of information. That file might be purged on your systems though, but if present will show you if it was an upgrade.

If the logs survived, they could show, for example in a system upgraded from 12.04:

$ grep lsb-release: /var/log/dist-upgrade/main.log
2015-03-14 10:18:36,284 DEBUG lsb-release: 'precise'


You will use FIND command to do this, you will have to create a bash script and a CRON job.

Please read the man for FIND.

find /u1/database/prod/arch -type f -mtime +3 -exec rm {} \;

This command finds all the files under /u1/database/prod/arch and it's subfolders, that are "regular files" (-type f) not directories, device files or something like that, and that have been modified at least 3 days ago (-mtime +3) and then executes "rm " for those files.


Unfortunately, it is not possible to boot Ubuntu from the second screen (showing Windows 8 and Windows 7). That bootloader will only work with Windows, not Ubuntu.

It is possible to get a nicer looking boot screen, using projects such as Burg. Be warned, however, that modifying your bootloader can potentially prevent you from booting into any operating system on your hard disk. If this happens, Boot-Repair can be used to fix some (not all) problems.

EDIT:

If you would like to put Windows at the top of the list in Grub, I would recommend using Grub Customizer, which I have used personnaly. See this question about installing software from PPAs (Personal Package Archives).


Bind9 Name Server slave having master file transfer problems

The file directive is relative to the bind var directory on ubuntu that defaults to the following:

/var/cache/bind

That is unless changed using the directory directive in options, thus it is looking for the following directory to save the data:

/var/cache/bind/slaves

Note this is probably a better location anyway really it's not ideal to give bind write access to it's own /etc directory since doing so allows someone to potentially alter your bind configuration if they somehow exploit bind safer to keep variable data somewhere else and let the server write there.


Problems playing .mp4 files in Firefox on Ubuntu 17.10

firefox it doesnt decode media files, is just a graphic interface to the decoder(libav)

to see which codec you have installed on your pc open "synaptic package manager" > search for "codec"

ps: firefox is slow lately.. try chrome

apt-get update
apt-get install chromium


How to pause and resume the Unity desktop and retain its state

I don't know if that is possible but you can switch into console mode only to save some RAM and CPU for the process you want to run


If I made no typo, the command:

xrandr --output eDP1 --pos 0x0 --output DP1-3 --pos 1920x0 --rotate left --output HDMI1 --pos 3000x0

should set up the screens like in the image (please try first). To make it stick on next login, add to startup applications:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 15 && xrandr --output eDP1 --pos 0x0 --output DP1-3 --pos 1920x0 --rotate left --output HDMI1 --pos 3000x0"

Add it to Startup Applications

Choose Dash > Startup Applications > Add. Add the (second) command above. The sleep 15 is to make sure the desktop is fully loaded, else the setup will likely break or be overruled by local procedures.

Explanation

Using xrandr, you can get information on the current screen setup. In the output you posted, three screens appear to be connected (which we expected :) ):

eDP1 connected 1920x1080+0+0
DP1-3 connected primary 1080x1920+1920+0
HDMI1 connected 1920x1080+3000+0

The section:

1920x1080+0+0

gives us information on the screen's resolution (1920x1080) and its position in the whole picture; the coordinates from the top left corner of the combined screens' layout (+0+0, which is x/y).

Subsequently, we can set the position of a screen, using the command:

xrandr --output eDP1 --pos 0x0

and its rotation:

xrandr --output eDP1 --rotate left

In case we need to set up a layout with multiple sreens, we need to run the sequence of commands from the left to the right screen.


The project lives, and is working on a 2.0 revision:

https://github.com/vgough/encfs

"EncFS has been dormant for a while. I've started cleaning up in order to try and provide a better base for a version 2, but whether EncFS flowers again depends upon community interest. In order to make it easier for anyone to contribute, it is moving a new home on Github. So if you're interested in EncFS, please dive in!"


How to change passwords in bulk? Ubuntu 16.04

You can use the chpasswd command. This command can only be used as root. Enter the chpasswd command into the command line then enter the name of the user followed by the password, do this for each user. When finished type ctrl+d. ex.

your-computer ~ # chpasswd
user1: password
user2: password
user3: password

Another way that you can do this is to have a file containing all of the usernames and passwords, int he same format ie. user1: password. create this file using any text editor such as vim or cat.
Example on creating the file.

your-computer ~ # cat > bulkpasswords
user1: password
user2: password
user3: password

Then run the chpasswd command(as root) on the file:

your-computer ~ # chpasswd < bulkpasswords

Hope this helps!

Sources:
https://linoxide.com/linux-command/change-passwords-batch-mode-chpasswd/


How do I change the number of columns in the application overview in Gnome 3.18?

It is possible to change without re-compiling gnome-shell, by editing libgnome-shell.so in the hex editor.

Here is the proof:

Make a backup of 'libgnome-shell.so' just in case something goes wrong.
Open 'libgnome-shell.so' with an hex editor (I use Bless) and search for 'MAX_COLUMNS = 6' as a text.
Replace 6 with ascii value of the number of columns that you want. (For 2 digit number of the colums replace space and 6)
You can do the same for the number of rows by changing 'MIN_ROWS', and for the icon size by changing "ICON_SIZE" (search for 'const ICON_SIZE').
Save and replace 'libgnome-shell.so'
Restart gnome-shell, do Alt+F2 and in the popup type 'r' or 'restart' and press enter


gnome under Ubuntu 18.04 for Windows won't run

Windows Subsystem for Linux is not designed to provide a GUI. However, with WSL2, brave Penguinistas have pushed back the Frontiers of Computer Science and found ways. Complex ways.

However, the preferred method to run Ubuntu underneath Windows is virtualization, such as is available free with VirtualBox and other virtual machines.

Other folks, laboring in their digital vineyards of knowledge, have found rm -rf / works too.


What Ark specific settings for Ark extraction?

Test this:

Simply use the ark command line:

ark [--extract --extract-to --add --add-to --guess-name] [folder] [files] [archive]  Options]

Suppose your file is backup_2014.09.29-19.05.44_1.tar

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

$ ark --extract-to /home/bumpy backup_2014.09.29-19.05.44_1.tar

Ark command:

Options:

--extract // Open extract dialog, quit when finished

--extract-to folder archive // Extract archive to folder. Quit when finished. folder will be created if it does not exist.

--add files // Ask for the name of the archive to add files to. Quit when finished.

--add-to files archive  // Add files to archive. Quit when finished. archive will be created if it does not exist.

--guess-name folder archive  //  Used with --extract-to. When specified, archive will be extracted to a subfolder of folder whose name will be the name of archive without the filename extension.

Source: http://linux.die.net/man/1/ark


Are the /root directory contents the same as my main user if there's only one user on the system?

No. You actually have two users: sridhar AND root. The /root folder is the super user's home directory. If you log in as root (this is not possible in Ubuntu by default) and use your programs, the configurations made by the super user will be stored in /root. If you use wine, for example, a wine prefix will be created under /root. So no, the contents from your home directory and /root directory are not the same.


Sharing dualboot volumes space-efficiently

It depends.

In Linux it's /home by the way.

NTFS is bit different than the normal Linux filesystems. As a result file system permissions do not work fully by default if you use NTFS in Linux. According to this answer they can be configured but if this is your first time setting up a dual-boot, my advice is don't do it.

If you have some big files that you access from both Operating Systems, e.g. video, then you could achieve some space savings by putting these to a separate NTFS partition, or accessing the Windows NTFS partition from Ubuntu directly.


How to install GalliumOS Kernel onto ubuntu installation Acer Chromebook 14

Following these steps I've an Ubuntu Gnome LTS with GalliumOs kernel and the sound is working.

  Davide Riboli on Bazinga!

  Following the steps of this post I was able to have an Ubuntu Gnome LTS installation perfectly working on my
  Toshiba Chromebook2.

  1) Install Ubuntu Gnome LTS (16.04) on a USB pendrive, following the
  great Fascinating Captain
  tutorial.

  2) Start your chromebook with your new Ubuntu Gnome. Do not update
  anything. Launch terminal.

  3) Add the GalliumOS repository. Edit
  /etc/apt/sources.list.d/galliumos.list and put the following in it:

deb http://apt.galliumos.org xenon main
deb-src http://apt.galliumos.org xenon main

  4) Import the galliumos gpg key. Make sure you have curl installed
  first.

curl https://apt.galliumos.org/galliumos.gpg | sudo apt-key

  5) Update the packages. This installs galliumos-base because the
  repository requires it:

sudo apt update
sudo apt dist-upgrade

  6) Edit the file /etc/apt/preferences.d/galliumos.pref. Change
  "Pin-Priority: 9999" to "Pin-Priority: 1".

  7) Update and dist-upgrade again. If there are no messages saying "The
  following packages will be DOWNGRADED", you've done this correctly and
  can proceed with the upgrade.

  8) Install the kernel and galliumos-baytrail packages

sudo apt install linux-image-galliumos galliumos-baytrail

  9) Uninstall the old kernel

sudo apt remove linux-*generic
sudo update-grub

  10) Reboot and proceed like in a normal Ubuntu installation.

  Everything works perfectly, except sound-in (I'm looking for a
  workaround or a patch for this).


Ubuntu dpkg recovery

Recover dpkg status file

cp /var/backups/dpkg.status.0 /var/lib/dpkg/status

Reinstall - dpkg

cd /var/cache/apt/archives/
dpkg --force-depends -i dpkg_*.deb

Reinstall - apt

cd /var/cache/apt/archives/
dpkg --force-depends -i apt_*.deb
dpkg --force-depends -i apt-utils_*.deb
apt-get update

Missing files in /var/lib/dpkg/info?

Use dpkg to list installed packages..

dpkg -l | grep ii

Reinstall from output using apt...

dpkg -l | grep ii | awk '{print "apt-get --reinstall -y install", $2}' > /tmp/reinstall

Now, install ucf which may be of importance to installation of kernel or others...

apt-get --reinstall install ucf

Source: http://staff.adams.edu/~cdmiller/posts/Ubuntu-dpkg-recovery/


Ubuntu 16.04 - Internal microphone not working - ideapad 310

My Lenovo G70-80 built-in microphone was not working. I followed this ubuntu wiki help page.

Under Increasing very low microphone input, point 5, Switch one of the input channels off solved my problem. This notebook has only one mono microphone so one channel should be switched off. It's not important which - left or right.

  Go to Input Devices tab and ensure you have the Internal Audio Analog Stereo or just Internal Audio Analog displayed by selecting All
  input devices from the Display drop-down list.
  Find the appropriate input device (microphone) and ensure its not muted - by unticking mute audio icon.
  Unlock channels so that they are not linked together - by pressing a padlock icon or chainlink icon. Slide the slider of Front Right all
  the way down to zero.
  Talk to the microphone observing input level on the bar just below the two sliders or at the Input tab of Gnome-volume-control.
  This should work when either channel is muted, though it is suggested to start with Front Right one.


What does it mean for two partitions to be adjacent?

First of all, you cannot merge partitions. You can delete one, and resize the other to use the now-free space additionally.

In this picture, the partitions hda1 and hda3 are adjacent, they could be "merged" by, e.g. backing up the data on hda3, deleting this partition, which would result in 7GiB of unallocated space between hda1 and the extended partition hda4 and the loss of all files in hda3. Now, one could resize hda1 to use this free space, too, and then put the files back on there.

hda1 and hda4 are not adjacent, as there is a partition in between.


Does Ubuntu install on Windows 8.1 with dual boot options

Yes it does. Just stick to the latest version of Ubuntu - 14.04 LTS, and allow installer to shrink existing Windows partitions automatically. See Install Ubuntu 14.04 LTS for details.


Install Ubuntu on external SSD without dual boot

It is not much different than installing on main hard disk.

Connect External SSD onto your machine
Connect Ubuntu installation medium onto your machine
Enter BIOS, choose boot from Ubuntu installation medium
In Ubuntu Installation type, choose Something else
Find your external SSD on the list, look for drive other than /dev/sda. (Assuming you already had Ubuntu before)
Once you found it—you can partition it, the basic Ubuntu installation contain:

Root partition /
Swap partition swap

Click next --> continue.
The rest steps is related to username, timezone etc.

The next time you want to boot to external SSD, just choose your SSD from BIOS boot menu. It will redirect to your external SSD, in which you can use Ubuntu from there.


Getting the current volume of all audio input/output devices through command line?

alsamixer

is pretty cool. I'm not aware of it monitoring input, but you can definitely adjust the output volumes.

Audacity is what I would recommend for monitoring inputs, though it is a full-featured GUI app, not a command line tool


How can I install a security updates before a given date?

I don't know an automated way to do this, at least not elegant way to, but you have two options:

Make your own cache/repository and make clients take their updates from this. This is the most definitive solution since you totally control what updates your clients gets.
Deactivate automatic upgrades and parse the change logs to get dates of releases, then install that specific version using APT. This is more complicated and error prone.

Security upgrades normally doesn't change the way that software behave and the question you linked should do the job if you want to get a fully protected system.


You can construct such a string directly with the date command ex.

$ date '+%y%m%d.txt' --date='May 16 2020'
200516.txt

However, cron is for commands that you want to run on a recurring schedule.

For scheduling a one-off command execution such as "copy on May, 16th 2020", the appropriate command is at:

$ at 2:30 am 16 May 2020
warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh
at> cp /test/$(date '+%y%m%d.txt' --date='May 16 2020') /output

then hit CTRL+D

at> <EOT>
job 15 at Sat May 16 02:30:00 2020


Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop Problems and Directories are opened by EasyTag

Hey I too had the same problem when i upgraded to  20.04
I think there are too many bugs in this version. So what i did was, i backup all the files and did a fresh installation of Ubuntu 19.10.
Still im not planning to upgrade to Ubuntu LTS  unless they resolve the bugs


How I can get list all packages installed by myself system(except their dependency) .
Then package manager can learn system version from /etc/lsb-release? Because now you have to put distro name in source file for each source. It's really stupid. And for keep sources necessary change system name for each line in file.


Why ubuntu-mate-desktop depends firefox?

mate-desktop and ubuntu-mate-desktop are two separate things with different goals.

When you checked the dependencies of mate-desktop you did not see Firefox, because mate-desktop is only for the installation of Mate itself, and does not bring with it a suite of programs.

ubuntu-mate-desktop is the "full" mate desktop which brings with it a suite of programs, including Firefox.  You can see its dependencies here: https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/ubuntu-mate-desktop

If you remove Firefox it will necessarily remove ubuntu-mate-desktop, but that doesn't remove Mate itself, only the super package that includes Mate and all those other software programs.  Assuming the other parts of it were installed during Ubuntu installation, or have been marked as manually installed since, they will remain.


after 20.04 update, mobile phone is not detected on connection with usb cable

I had to install gvfs-backends and now my devices are displayed in Nautilus on usb connection


temperature sensor display on top bar problems

One of the updates 'fixed' the problem and it loads up now without the work around... loads up every time...

...guesss one of the updates 'broke' it, then months later one of the updates 'fixed' it - nothing I did!!!

life's funny :-\


Mouse buttons no longer working after updates

It may be solve your problem, I am not sure about this.

Check if you have xserver-xorg-input-evdev installed on your system:

sudo dpkg -s xserver-xorg-input-evdev

If yes, do:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

If no, do:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-evdev

Reboot.

Source : Left mouse button not working in Xubuntu session


It doesn't.  I also have Emacs 23 installed on Ubuntu 12.10 and just installed Emacs 24 from the Ubuntu Software Center.  The two app versions run side by side independent of each other (although they do share the .emacs file among other default paths, etc.).

You would have to uninstall Emacs 23 separately if you wanted to just have one installed version of Emacs.


Lubuntu account logs into gray screen and mouse pointer, nothing else on screen

Somehow the default choice in the top right corner of the login screen changed to "Openbox." Selecting "Lubuntu" fixes the problem.


Open Home Folder,
In The Sidebar Click on File System,
Open 'host' folder,
Your Drive is in front of your eyes ;)
Enjoy Linux!


Lenovo Y400 ubuntu 12.04 can't change brightness

I have the same problem. Finally I found a method to solve it by using xrandr in this page  (but the fn + up/down  still cannot be used).

First get the output name entering the code below in terminal: xrandr -q | grep " connected" Then I get the result:LVDS-0 connected primary 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 310mm x 174mm
My output name is  LVDS-0.
Then try to change brightness: (use your output name)xrandr --output LVDS-0 --brightness 0.8Then the brightness of my laptop becomes 80%.Hope this will help you.


different outputs from systemd-analyze time

The format seems the same to me ("Startup finished in a + b + c ... = x"). There's just some missing values, that of the firmware for example. AFAICT systemd obtains that value from EFI variables, and if your VirtualBox VM isn't configured to provide UEFI booting for the virtualized OS, there won't be any EFI  information for systemd, so it omits that information. Something similar probably applies to the bootloader time.


You can use the -X switch of screen (uppercase X, lowercase x means something else ;) ) to send a command to an existing screen session. So you can do something along the lines of

screen -md
screen -p 0 -X stuff $'echo "Test"\n'
screen -r

But I assume this doesn't fit your task of making things easier ;)


Dell Latitude 5590 - How to scroll with central button

I've found the answer and solved the problem.
I edited the file /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/40-libinput.conf and I changed the following section (the one having pointer identifier), adding the two Option lines:

Section "InputClass"
        Identifier "libinput pointer catchall"
        MatchIsPointer "on"
        MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
        Driver "libinput"
        Option "ScrollMethod" "button"
        Option "ScrollButton" "2"
EndSection


What's the easiest way to install OpenSSH 7.4 on Ubuntu 16.04?

An alternative approach is installing the debian packages (although this approach is not ppa related)

https://gist.github.com/stefansundin/0fd6e9de172041817d0b8a75f1ede677

Just bear in mind that by doing this outside of apt then future installation management is messed up. To see what this would affect you can run

apt-cache rdepends openssh-client

and then going forwards when installing one those affected packages you will most likely see an error about the original version of openssh-client being missing . At least that is the behaviour I observed during the writing of some ansible scripts (Initially I upgraded the openssh-client last in the scripts to get around this)

In the error output in that scenario I noticed the output suggested to

apt-get -f install

without specifying a package. I did this, it installed a few bits (which apparently were not to do with openssh-client), and somehow future installs which depend on openssh-client now go through fine without complaining about the fixed version dependency.


Change

[[ $TERM != "screen" ]] && exec tmux

to

test $TERM != "screen"; and exec tmux

http://fishshell.com/docs/2.1/commands.html#test
http://fishshell.com/docs/2.1/commands.html#and


do-release-upgrade complains no module namedd apt

Ubuntu 14.10 has been EOL since July 23, 2015 so it is not possible to update to this version. It should be possible to update to 16.04 which is also a LTS version.

Check settings in Update Manager is set to only inform on new LTS versions, and there should be a button saying New release 16.04 is available.


gnome control center: system settings -> details -> graphics. string from command line

The information is provided by the driver via OpenGL (see the function being called). If you want, you can use the glxinfo command (from mesa-utils):

$ glxinfo | grep renderer
OpenGL renderer string: GeForce GTX 670MX/PCIe/SSE2


Ubuntu/ Windows Shared Folder (using WSL)

The WSL RootFs filesystem (that under AppData/Local/lxss that appears as / in WSL) uses extended attributes which Windows doesn't understand to store Linux filesystem data, and so can't process. So if you edit or create files there (say in your 'shared' folder), those files will be invisible to WSL.

You need to create your 'shared' folder somewhere under /mnt/c, which uses the WSL DriveFs filesystem and doesn't suffer from this limitation.


Okay, i gave up.
sudo apt-get purge snapd snap
sudo apt-get install snapd snap

and everything is working


error when I change the default site directory of apache2

You need to enable the directory explicitly in your /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Find the section that reads like this:

<Directory /usr/share/or_whatever >
Allow override none
Require all granted
</Directory>

where granted or denied is the explicit permission for this non-standard directory.
Without this directive everything outside of /var/www/html and /usr/share will be denied by default.

Everything else you've done seems to be right, also make sure you're both reloading and restarting apache2 after modifying these configs changes (sometimes they're stubborn)

sudo service apache2 reload
sudo service apache2 restart

A little brutish but I just make a habit of it to be sure.

Good luck!


Youtube 1080p working good, but 720p not (Ubuntu 13.10, Firefox)

I had the same problem earlier today. I removed flash player plug in using terminal.

sudo apt-get remove flashplugin-installer

Now I don't have problems with controller bar, no mater witch resolution is set on full screen.


Cannot boot ubuntu 12.04, getting a black screen. I tried a few things, but I can't help myself

I am no expert with use of Grub but I think it is trying to tell you that you have some how used to large a petition on an extended partition. To tell you the truth I did not know that was possible. According to the post Grub has repaired that but needs a change in bios setting to boot properly.....

"Boot successfully repaired.

You can now reboot your computer.
Please do not forget to make your BIOS boot on sda (120GB) disk!
pastebinit  packages needed
dpkg-preconfigure: unable to re-open stdin: No such file or directory"

If you know how to alter your settings in the BIOS then try that. If you are not sure then wait till you get an answer from some one with more experience with grub because you do not want to screw up your Bios settings...

Personally I use Easy BCD to dual boot with. I am not a fan of Windows software but I have never been able to learn the GRUB and GRUB2 bootloaders. Easy BCD seems to work fairly well for my use.

This link will take you to their site....   http://neosmart.net/EasyBCD/

It is a free download that you install through windows. It is fairly uncomplicated to install and you can also easyly uninstall it. At least you will know if it is a bootloader problem with Grub or not.

Wish I could be of more help but Video Drivers are not my forte....


SQL Developer runs in Terminal with sudo sqldeveloper but not without sudo

Likely what happened is you ran sqldeveloper one time using sudo, which caused the configuration directory $HOME/.sqldeveloper to get owned by root. If so, you should be able to fix it by re-taking ownership of the directory, i.e.

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER ~/.sqldeveloper

or by simply deleting the directory

rm -rf ~/.sqldeveloper


Kubuntu Alt+F2 broken after 20.04 upgrade

I've solved the issue. Seems like new KDE has two ways for 'run' menu actually 'Command run' and Krunner. So the first one probably introduced recently and stole keybinding from Krunner! If you change it to Krunner then it will work as before (just look for run Krunner keybindings)


Make sure you have enabled your 2 custom services. To view a list of enabled and disabled services, you use this command:

systemctl list-unit-files --type=service

If they are disabled or not in the list, enable them:

sudo systemctl enable mongodb.homepage1
sudo systemctl enable mongodb.homepage2


Applied maintenance to Ubuntu 12.04 (upgrade to kernel 3.2.0-39); after restart my desktop is not responding

To get around the problem, go back to kernel 3.2.0-38. If you are running a single OS image and you do not get a GRUB menu to allow you to select an older kernel, hold down the Shift key during the boot process - after the BIOS Post.


ubuntu update failed from 14.04 lts. failed to fetch something

Backup you /etc/apt/sources.list file and comment out all files in /etc/apt/sources.list.d folder.
Than use the following sources.list to upgrade:

deb http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe restricted multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main universe restricted multiverse

deb http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main universe restricted multiverse


I solved this problem. I just changed my root directory, and deleted the phpmyadmin location, like so:

was: root /var/www/html
now: root /usr/share/nginx/html

deleted :

location /phpmyadmin/ {
    alias   /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/;
    index   index.html index.htm index.php;
}


Snapcraft fails: [Errno 21] Is a directory: '/path/to/snap/prime/.'

command: . $SNAP/opt/qt57/bin/qt57-env.sh && VotingApp wouldn't work as you need to provide an actual file withing the snap directory and . is the result of the error you get.

You can however write your own wrapper script:

#!/bin/sh

source $SNAP/opt/qt57/bin/qt57-env.sh

exec VotingApp $*

and have that as the command entry.

Do something similar to the tomcat demo with wrapper (but you don't need a Makefile, just use the dump plugin` as shown in the mosquito demo)


Yes, LxQt does support SVG icons. In GTK apps one can enable the icon by adding the line following line to the appropriate source file.
Gtk.Window.set_default_icon_name(pkg.name)

Source


how to add repository to Ubuntu 18.10 "Ubuntu Software"

Software & Updates can be opened from Ubuntu Software, by clicking on Ubuntu Software's name from top panel while it's running (the documentation is a bit misleading). However, if you can't find it-

Open the Menu button on top-side Dash (the left panel) and search for Software & Updates.
Or, open Terminal (ctrl+alt+t) or  and type software-properties-gtk and press Enter.

To add PPA, go to the Other Software tab. However are you sure want to add FreeCAD Daily PPA? It'll provide unstable, developement version of FreeCAD which will surely contain many bugs. If you just want to use FreeCAD (not test it for bugs), use the stable version (It should be available in Ubuntu Software and also in PPA).


You need to install at least the package mesa-utils.

On a console type:

sudo apt-get install mesa-utils

Logout and login

That will give you the basic graphic drivers, for advanced graphics you need to install Intel HD Graphics.

This has already been answered here and here


How to list all the hostname in my network?

I don't know which parameters you tried but

sudo nmap -sS -sU -T5 -A -v 192.168.1.0/24

usually does the trick. Remember this will take some time and will be noisy because of the -T5 flag but its your network, so happy hunting.

You can use other tools like

xprobe2 192.168.0.1 and nikto 192.168.0.1

nikto on github

xprobe2 on sourceforge

Compile from source to use in either linux or windows

Here is a simple example of snmp reconnaissance hack-like-pro-exploit-snmp-for-reconnaissance-0150181

For OS foot-printing and if you are interested you can look into snmp hacking to gather info from a client server environment.

There are tools like snmpget and snmpwalk which are very easy to use.

There are other ways for foot-printing CEH heavy stuff which needs studying and hands on practice, but in your scenario I don't think that’s worth the time.


Installing ubuntu packages within python script

Fixed :

def package_installation(self):
    self.apt = "apt "
    self.ins = "install "
    self.packages = "python-pip python-sqlalchemy mongodb python-bson python-dpkt python-jinja2 python-magic python-gridfs python-libvirt python-bottle python-pefile python-chardet git build-essential autoconf automake libtool dh-autoreconf libcurl4-gnutls-dev libmagic-dev python-dev tcpdump libcap2-bin virtualbox dkms python-pyrex"

    self.color.print_green("[+] Installation of the ubuntu packages is starting:")

    for self.items in self.packages.split():
        self.command = str(self.apt) + str(self.ins) + str(self.items)

        subprocess.run(self.command.split())
        self.color.print_blue("\t[+] Package [{}] Installed".format(str(self.items)))


When will 4.2.0 kernel be available for 14.04 LTS?

The approved answer is wrong. The packages are available right now!
Just

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-wily

However note that they will not be officially supported until the 14.04.4 point release is out. Until then they are in the "early preview" phase.


problem mounting ntfs drive automatically

According to the link from your error message, following should be valid:

ntfs-3g is compiled with integrated FUSE support
the ntfs-3g binary is at least version 1.2506
the ntfs-3g binary is set to setuid-root
the user has access right to the volume
the user has access right to the mount point

It looks like your mount folder has a bad name (5). Use /home/tejas/Tejas\! instead.

But personally, I'd advise you couple of things:

to move your mount point outside of home folder, i.e. /ntfs or /windows
do not use special characters in file and folder names

Both of these suggestions has hidden pros.


You interpreted the values in the wrong way. The three memory areas

Memory at ea000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at a0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
Memory at b0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]

are indicating the MMIO memory spaces of your graphics card. And not the amount of video memory your graphics card(GC) has.

The MMIO memory spaces are used for the interaction between your GC memory and your main memory. For eaxmple, to transfer 128MB of data from your main memory to your GC memory, probably the second MMIO address at a0000000 is used.

You call the video driver to move the memory window of the GPU memory to the target area of the GC memory.
You copy the data from your HOST memory(main memory) to the GPU memory at the given address in the MMIO memory space window.

The info of the amount of GPU memory is obviously not contained in the output of lspci.


I used unity 2d instead of 3d and the lag within dash home disappears. I'm guessing this is a graphics card problem? What graphics cards are best for Ubuntu?


You should be able to install Ubuntu on the HDD (partitions for / and swap, maybe also /home or whatever you want to separate), but create a separate /boot partition on the USB drive and also install the GRUB bootloader there.

You then should be able to plug in your USB and select it as boot device from your BIOS/UEFI menu.

But the other partitions would remain on the HDD and could be accessed from the Windows system (using special tools) or any other live (Ubuntu) system booting from CD/DVD or USB. Drive encryption would be useful then to prevent that kind of unwanted access, although I am not sure whether this would work together with booting from an external media.

Note that I never tried this kind of installation, so I have no practical experience and might tell you something wrong.

Make sure you have valid backups of your data before changing anything!
And as always: you operate on your own risk. Nobody on AU can be made responsible for possible damage to your machine or data.