I've started installation in the next way for 19.10:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
sudo apt-get install mysql-server
sudo apt-get install python2.7
sudo apt install apache2
sudo apt-get install libxslt1-dev libcurl4 libgeoip-dev python -y
wget https://xtream-ui.com/install/install.py

Edit install.py and change libcurl3 to libcurl4

sudo python2.7 install.py

But during installation I got the next error, you could not get if you try:

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │             Installing libpng            │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

dpkg: error processing archive /tmp/libpng12.deb (--install):
 unable to install new version of '/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng12.so.0': No such file or directory
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /tmp/libpng12.deb

But it is for the next question.

Changing libcurl3 to libcurl4 is not the right way, but only experiment to see if the installation will go forward in case of this manipulation.

The full installation log:

Installation Type [MAIN, LB]: MAIN

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │          Start installation? Y/N         │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

  Y

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │          Preparing Installation          │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │      Removing libcurl4 if installed      │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │            Installing libcurl4           │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │          Installing libgeoip-dev         │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │          Installing libxslt1-dev         │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │           Installing e2fsprogs           │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │              Installing wget             │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │             Installing mcrypt            │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │              Installing nscd             │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │              Installing htop             │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │          Installing mysql-server         │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │             Installing libpng            │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

dpkg: error processing archive /tmp/libpng12.deb (--install):
 unable to install new version of '/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng12.so.0': No such file or directory
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /tmp/libpng12.deb
 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │         Creating user xtreamcodes        │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │           Downloading Software           │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │            Installing Software           │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │             Configuring MySQL            │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

Job for mysql.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status mysql.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │        Enter MySQL Root Password:        │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

  Password

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │   Drop existing & create database? Y/N   │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

  y
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)
 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │               Encrypting...              │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │            Configuring System            │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │              Modifying Nginx             │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │           Starting Xtream Codes          │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

/home/xtreamcodes/iptv_xtream_codes/php/bin/php: error while loading shared libraries: libpng12.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
start-stop-daemon: matching on world-writable pidfile /home/xtreamcodes/iptv_xtream_codes/php/VaiIb8.pid is insecure
start-stop-daemon: matching on world-writable pidfile /home/xtreamcodes/iptv_xtream_codes/php/JdlJXm.pid is insecure
start-stop-daemon: matching on world-writable pidfile /home/xtreamcodes/iptv_xtream_codes/php/CWcfSP.pid is insecure
 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │                                          │
 │                                          │
 │          Installation completed!         │
 │                                          │
 │                                          │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │    Admin UI: http://192.168.1.3:25500    │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │     Please store your MySQL password!    │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

 ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │             KOfH2GObqjEEkyNh             │
 └──────────────────────────────────────────┘

But it does not work by Admin UI: http://192.168.1.3:25500

404 Not Found
nginx/1.14.0

If you could not install libcurl3, you could try this solution and try installation with libcurl3.


How to uninstall Android Studio if installed via Ubuntu Make

So, if you just type 'umake', here's the output:

$ umake
usage: umake [--help] [-v] [-r] {dart,web,android,games,ide,go} ...

Deploy and setup developers environment easily on ubuntu

positional arguments:
  {dart,web,android,games,ide,go}
                        Developer environment
    dart                Dartlang Development Environment
    web                 Web Developer Environment
    android             Android Development Environment
    games               Games Development Environment
    ide                 Generic IDEs
    go                  Go language

optional arguments:
  --help                Show this help
  -v, --verbose         Increase output verbosity (2 levels)
  -r, --remove          Remove specified framework if installed

Note that you can also configure different debug logs behaviors using LOG_CFG
pointing to a log yaml profile.

So, going by this, you should use:

$ umake android android-studio --remove


Video playing problem of Epiphany browser on Ubuntu 12

Use a browser that supports flash like firefox, chromium, ect.

Known bug for Epiphany (Web),  https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/epiphany-browser/+bug/904505


Partitioning for Ubuntu 32 and 64 on one drive

This will share a home partition:

Boot one of the live CDs. On the partitioning stage, select [Something Else].
Shrink your existing partition by at least 200GB if you want to keep it, or delete all partitions if you don't want to keep it.
Add a new partition of about 40 GB to act as your home partition. This will be shared between the installations. Set it to be formatted as Ext4, and set the mount point to /home.
Create a swap partition or a few GB, and set the Use As to "Linux Swap".
Create another partition taking approximately half the remaining space. Set it to be formatted, as Ext4. Set the mount point to /.
Finish the installation. Then, boot the other CD.
Go to advanced partitioning.
Click Edit on the home partition you created in step 3. Set the mount point to /home. Do not change the file system or check the Format box.
Create a new partition to be the swap for this installation(using the method in step 4).
Create a new root partition as in Step 5. Fill the space on the drive.

Finish the installation. Any accounts with the same username will be shared as long as they have the same UID(Settings->Users->Advanced settings).

To install without sharing a home partition, just skip steps 3 and 8. Leave the rest as is, using all space on the drive.


Ubuntu 14.04: Public Wireless Will Not Connect

I have an answer, but I'm still not sure why this was even a problem. Please see the original post for a detailed description of the precise problem.

In the end instead of connecting from the Network panel as usual, I typed in the command:

nmcli d wifi connect YOUR_NETWORK password YOUR_NETWORK_PASSWORD iface wlan0

The command line was the only option for me. I'm actually surprised no one suggested this simple step, but here it is for posterity! Thanks to everyone who pitched in and clued me in to where to look for issues.


The VeryEasyWay™ to do this:

Drop by one of your friends (Real friends, not the FaceBook variety), bring a six-pack of beer, ask them if you can borrow their Ubuntu computer and Internet connection for 20 minutes, let them drink the beer, "burn" your USB, go home, boot your PC, Install Ubuntu using these answers.

The difficult way to do this:

Ask one of our brethren on Android Enthusiasts how to create a bootable USB using your Android phone.


You do this by adding a ToolbarItems component to your Page's tools property: http://developer.ubuntu.com/api/qml/sdk-1.0/Ubuntu.Components.ToolbarItems/

The MainView will look for that property, and if it has actions it will automatically add the necessary toolbar and make it respond to swiping-up from the bottom.


If not rebooted yet, it is ok to do it now.

And no, editing fstab is safe during and after that command.


Practically speaking, if you are about to uninstall a number of old kernels (or perhaps you are part-way through that process) and you want to speed things up, you could try the following:

Edit the file /usr/sbin/update-grub as root, and add the line exit 0 after the line #!/bin/sh.
Use apt-get or Software Center to remove your unwanted kernels as planned.
Afterwards, remove that line from /usr/sbin/update-grub.
Important!  Finally, run update-grub manually.

It would be great if in future dpkg would work out to perform this behaviour automatically.

One notable exception is when you are uninstalling the kernel which is currently the default in grub.  In that case it might be preferable to run update-grub sooner rather than later.


This is no universal answer. The problem was complex and was dissolved by a longer analysis in the chat.

Here is a summary from the chat.

sudo apt-get install libosmesa6
sudo apt-get install libglapi-mesa

It removed a lot of packages, eg ubuntu-desktop

sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

From here, we used aptitude, a better problem resolver

sudo aptitude install libgl1-mesa-dri

Now a lot of packages was removed, but ubuntu-desktop is installed.

sudo aptitude install unity8
sudo aptitude install octave

Done


802.1x wired password Authentication loop in ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS

I had a similar issue after changing password. Got it fixed by disabling 802.1x, connecting, then enabling the security again and typing in username and password.


How to revert back to a previous version of qBittorrent?

As for me - the best solution would be to purge the PPA and install version from the reposiotory:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:qbittorrent-team/qbittorrent-stable


I think I found the answer:

The slowness not caused by Wine, but by Sophos Antivirus free (SAV) -
If I kill Sophos, the problem goes away.


Network problem in Ubuntu 18.04.1 Server

Netplan is very strict about spacing, indentation, etc. For example, this is acceptable:

ethernets:
  enp3s0:

But this is not:

ethernets:
      enp3s0:

You may gain some insights by consulting the example files; for instance:

cat /usr/share/doc/netplan.io/examples/static.yaml

I suggest that you amend your yaml file to:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eno1:
      addresses:
        - 10.10.1.64/24
      gateway4: 10.10.1.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]

Follow with:

sudo netplan generate
sudo netplan apply


How to install rt73usb in Ubuntu Server 12.04.4?

In a server, without a desktop environment and therefor without Network Manager, wireless is not going to connect to any old possibly insecure network. You must specify the network you want and supply a password. I suggest you amend your /etc/network/interfaces file so as to add the wireless details at the end:

#auto eth0
iface eth0 dhcp <--or however it reads now
#Do NOT comment out eth0 until wireless is working reliably and double-checked

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 192.168.1.150
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 192.168.1.1
wpa-ssid <your_network>
wpa-psk <your_password>

I suggest a static IP for a server so you can easily ssh and ftp into it. Of course, select an address outside the range used by the DHCP server in the router, switch, or access point. Substitute your details here.

Get the system to re-read and use the changes:

sudo ifdown wlan0 && sudo ifup -v wlan0

Check to see if you connected:

ping -c3 www.google.com


How can I set up a bluetooth mouse without using a mouse?

I'm not really sure if you can do it in a terminal, but with my iMac I used tabbing instead.

Tabbing is just that, pressing Tab all the time until you highlight the button that you want to "click", of course, using Space.

I would recommend you to get an USB Mouse, anyway here you have some steps:

Boot ubuntu. Open the Dash pressing ⌘ (Command). Now type Bluetooth and press Return.
Wait until the settings panel appears. Now press Tab until the + icon looks highlighted. Press Space.
Find your Magic Mouse, and select it tabbing. Do tabbing again to the Next button.
Now wait until the mouse is correctly linked.

Happy ubunting on your Mac Mini! :)


The first line in the picture initram's unpacking failed may be caused by faulty RAM. Reboot and press ESC on the boot menu and run a memory test.


This works for mp3 files by my understanding but could be useful:

Pop in your DVD of choice and inspect the disc using dvdrip, Mplayer, VLC or something else of your liking.

Scan the disc TOC for title, chapter, and audio track numbers using the utilities from the transcode package; note the dvd device can be a real dvd device or the directory where you copied the VOB files:

Issue Following command:

$ tcprobe -i /dev/dvdrw1

This should be the output (or something like it)

[tcprobe] DVD image/device
(dvd_reader.c) mpeg2 ntsc 16:9 only letterboxed U0 720x480 video
(dvd_reader.c) lpcm en 16bit 48kHz 2Ch
(dvd_reader.c) ac3 en drc 48kHz 6Ch
(dvd_reader.c) subtitle 00=
(dvd_reader.c) DVD title 1/2: 16 chapter(s), 1 angle(s), title set 1
(dvd_reader.c) title playback time: 01:54:21.07  6862 sec
(dvd_reader.c) [Chapter 01] 00:00:00.000 , block from 0 to 293870
(dvd_reader.c) [Chapter 02] 00:09:04.367 , block from 293871 to 532255
[...]
(dvd_reader.c) [Chapter 15] 01:43:07.832 , block from 3340117 to 3703349
(dvd_reader.c) [Chapter 16] 01:54:20.832 , block from 3703350 to 3703357
[tcprobe] summary for /dev/dvdrw1, (*) = not default, 0 = not detected
import frame size: -g 720x480 [720x576] (*)
aspect ratio: 16:9 (*)
frame rate: -f 23.976 [25.000] frc=1 (*)
audio track: -a 0 [0] -e 48000,16,2 [48000,16,2] -n 0x10001 [0x2000] (*)
audio track: -a 1 [0] -e 48000,16,2 [48000,16,2] -n 0x2000 [0x2000]
[tcprobe] V: 164524 frames, 6862 sec @ 23.976 fps
[tcprobe] A: 107.22 MB @ 128 kbps
[...]

Note, the important info above is:

Which title has all the chapters and how many
Which audio tracks are which format

Typical music DVDs seem to have at least one LPCM stereo track and one AC3 surround track, and you'll generally want the PCM stereo track (although transcode will automatically convert the surround track if you want). You just have to specify which title, chapter(s), and audio track you want.
Scan the desired audio track for the recommended scale parameter; if you go above this value you run the risk of clipping the signal, but if you don't scale at all it might not sound very loud compared to other mp3s:

$ tccat -T 1,1,1 -i /dev/dvdrw1 -t dvd -a 0 -L -d 2 | tcextract -t vob -x pcm | tcscan -x pcm -d 1

The above command grabs the first title,chapter,angle with the -T parameter, from the dvd drive (with the -i parameter, which could also be a directory with VOB files). The -a parameter asks for track 0 (the linear PCM stereo track) while the -L parameter loops through all the chapters, and -d increases the verbosity of the output. This gets piped to the tcextract command which looks for a pcm stream (note this parameter would be ac3 for the surround track 1). This in turn gets piped to tcscan, which scans the pcm data and will spit out the proper normalize value for the given audio track (or the whole disc). Without looping through all the chapters, the output from scanning just the first chapter looks like this:

$ tccat -T 1,1,1 -i /dev/dvdrw1 -t dvd -a 0 -d 2 | tcextract -t vob -x pcm | tcscan -x pcm -d 1 T=3 1 1 1 1
(dvd_reader.c) DVD title 1: 16 chapter(s), 1 angle(s)
(dvd_reader.c) DVD playback time: 01:54:21.07
[tccat] (pid=12865) processing chapter (1/16)
(iodump.c) PAL DVD image/device
[tcscan] audio frames=13620.67, estimated clip length=544.83 seconds
[tcscan] (min/max) amplitude=(-0.996/0.996), suggested volume rescale=1.004
[tcscan] V: 13620 frames, 544 sec @ 25.000 fps
[tcscan] A: 8.50 MB @ 128 kbps
[tcscan] CD:  650 MB | V:  641.5 MB @ 9892.1 kbps
[tcscan] CD:  700 MB | V:  691.5 MB @ 10663.1 kbps
[tcscan] CD: 1300 MB | V: 1291.5 MB @ 19915.2 kbps
[tcscan] CD: 1400 MB | V: 1391.5 MB @ 21457.3 kbps

The rescale value in this case may seem rather low at only 1.004, but each disc is different, so it's worth doing this step in the vast majority of cases. Make sure to scan all the chapters, and we'll use the suggested volume rescale value in the actual transcode command below.
Now we can actually do the ripping, transcoding, and audio encoding all in one command, at least for mp3 output:

$ transcode -i /dev/dvdrw1 -x null,auto --no_split -T 1,-1 -s 1.004 -a 0 -y null,raw -m zappa_plays_zappa.mp3

Source with extra tips and tricks.


How to solve laptop overheating problem on ubuntu 14.04

You can set the CPU min/max frequency in the command line to see if it solves your problem:

sudo apt-get install cpufrequtils

To view your CPU profiles:

sudo cpufreq-info

To see how to set values:

sudo cpufreq-set -h

Your overheating problems could indicate old thermal paste on the CPU or dust in the system blocking airflow.  I try to clean my laptops out whenever I start having problems and will remove old thermal paste and re-apply.

I borrowed the cpufreq steps from here: http://www.overclock.net/t/790070/underclocking-for-overheating-in-ubuntu#post_10197274


Where is the suspend/hibernate button in GNOME Shell?

Option 1

Hold "Alt" when in the menu, this will switch the power off button into suspend button.

Option 2

When in the menu, click and hold on the power off button until it turns into suspend button.

Option 3

Go to settings
Choose Power
At the bottom, choose for the value Suspend for the When the Power Button is pressed

Now you can just click the power button to suspend.


Ubuntu automatically saves all the installation packages (*.deb files) to:

  /var/cache/apt/archives

You don't need APTonCD. Just copy the entire archives folder to the place where you desire.

Before installing software, apt usually checks for packages inside the above cache directory. If packages are not found, or if they are out dated, apt will start downloading the packages off then Internet.


Is this a Network problem or something else?

Yes, and hopefully temporary. You can change the server and retry the installation.

  Is it possible to restart installation from the exit point (70%)?

The installation will resume from the point were it failed. It will download the file mentioned in the error message, it won't download again the files that were successfully downloaded in the first attempt.


To run .sh file, using a terminal is the best way.

Assuming your file is in /home/user/downloads directory;

To open a terminal press ALT+CTRL+T together. Once the terminal is opened, type pwd to locate which directory currently you're in. pwd will display an output like below

/root/folder/

If your .sh file is in user's downloads directory as I mentioned above, then use cd command to navigate to the downloads folder. see below;

cd /home/user/downloads

once entered, again check whether you're in that directory by using pwd command. If you're in that directory then simply type ls command to list down the files. Once you see your .sh file, simply type below command to execute the file.

sudo sh shell_file.sh

terminal will ask you to type the root (admin) password which will not be visible while you type. simply type the password & enter. That's it, the execution will process.

This is just an assumption; assuming your file located in a directory. I hope this very basic and simplified process which will make you more clear.

Hope it helps! :)

EDIT: I've edited the document by adding sh command at the last step.


No space left on device while I still have 640GB of free space

You installed using the Windows Ubuntu Installer (Wubi). This means Ubuntu is not installed to your harddisk like a normal install, but instead uses a file in the Windows filesystem to simulate a harddisk. /host is your Windows host system, which contains that file.

I would recommend that if you intend to keep using Ubuntu, you install it using a memory stick or CD/DVD directly onto your harddisk. You can also resize the harddisk image file manually and then resize Ubuntus filesystem, but this must be done from a live session in any case. It's probably both faster and easier to just install it using the normal (non-Windows) installer. Just copy your /home directory to some place else, and copy it back after the reinstall. That way, all your settings and files will still be available.


How to bring back "sloppy focus" in Ubuntu 19.04

It's available in gnome-tweaks.

sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

Then run

gnome-tweaks

Go to "Windows" -> "Window focus"

and you're probably looking for "Secondary-Click" option.


Plasma 5 qml widgets

KDE start page - Development/Tutorials/Plasma5/QML2/GettingStarted: https://techbase.kde.org/Development/Tutorials/Plasma5/QML2/GettingStarted

Plasma 5 plasmoid widgets name, comment and the icon are saved to the metadata.desktop and matadata.json files:

The plasmoids are saved to the:

System: /usr/share/plasma/plasmoids/
User: $HOME/.local/share/plasma/plasmoids/

The user can edit the codes at the /usr/share/plasma/plasmoids/.. but the plasma updates will overwrite the edits.

A better way is to copy the plasmoid to the user home and rename the plasmoid.

Few examples from the KDE Forums:

Kickoff-1: https://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=131914
Kickoff-2: https://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=140979
Digital clock: https://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=134970
Timer: https://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?f=67&t=137743


I assume you want to install a .exe file and find the file system.
Specifying your username is dobby, Wine would be located in
/home/dobby/.wine

and your files would be in
/home/dobby/.wine/drive_c

or
/home/dobby/.wine/dosdevices/c:

To install an exe, you can run it using
wine /path/to/your/wine.exe

or, if it's standalone, you can move it to
/home/dobby/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/FolderForExe/wine.exe

Edit: TLDR, just run
wine nameoffile.exe

to use an EXE


How to uninstall VMware Workstation 10.0.3 from Ubuntu 14.04

Open the terminal and run this command to uninstall VMware Workstation:

sudo vmware-installer -u vmware-workstation

Reference: VMware Workstation 10 Documentation Center: Uninstall Workstation from a Linux Host


How to acquire a remote host fingerprint that is not in known_hosts?

You can accomplish this with ssh-keyscan, e.g.:

$ ssh-keyscan 192.168.25.16
# 192.168.25.16 SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.5p1 Debian-6+squeeze3
192.168.25.16 ssh-rsa AAAAB3Nz[...]ThruGvpQ==

Optionally pass the -H option to get hashed names as you're seeing in a known_hosts file.

See also U&L: How to get the public key from sshd server without touching the known_hosts file?


Possible to specify boot partition size during the installation?

You can choose the "something else" option and set up your partitions just the way you like, but it is best to simply not have a boot partition at all.  This is normally the default, unless you enable full disk encryption, then you have to have one.


Unwise to install KDE Applications in Xubuntu?

This has most likely historical reasons.

When you install Xubuntu with the expectation of a lightweight and small-footprint desktop environment, you might find the extra 50 MB of QT/KDE dependencies to be a too hefty pill to swallow just to run a few KDE applications. Given temporary storage sizes, the net effect is negligible unless you run a really old, embedded or resource constrained system.

Another point is that in the past KDE applications would not have the same look and feel as Gnome/GTK+ applications - this is mostly untrue these days - KDE/QT emulation of GTK+2 (xfce/lxde) is even better than GTK+3 (gnome-shell/unity).

Also a noteworthy mention is that KDE3 mostly relied on a homegrown DCOP-Server for program inter-operation. With KDE4, this has been replaced with D-Bus, which has become a de-facto standard. Additionally, the current audio back-ends and libraries like phonon, gstreamer and pulseaudio interact pretty well.

Summarily, there is none to little technical reason left to shun KDE-applications from a Xubuntu install, but outdated habits tend to perpetuate themselves first into superstitions, then into religiously leaded debates.


I found the solution on another forum. Two steps. Select a UEFI file as trusted and given it a custom name. Then go to the boot menu and select it as first priority as described below.

  PROBLEM SOLVED! It turned out the problem was in the bios settings. I switched "secure boot" on which unlocked few more options. One of them was "Select an UEFI file as trusted for executing" that's in the "security" tab. After that it showed me HDD0, I hitted enter and "EFI" showed up. After another ENTER it showed 3 folders "ubuntu", "microsoft" and "boot". The ubuntu folder contained "shimx64.efi", "grubx64.efi" and "MokManager.efi" I'm not very familiar what all of them were, but I chosed "shimx64.efi" which was then added as "trusted for executing". I went back to the boot tab and found "EFI boot0: ubuntu" or something like it. That's because I named the "trusted" UEFI file "ubuntu". I moved it up to first priority and everything worked like a charm. Thanks for the advices, they made me search for my own mistakes in the bios configuration.


Python 2.7 ImportError: No module named repository

You need to install the following package instead:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall python-gi

  This package contains the Python 2.x binding generator for libraries
  that support gobject-introspection, i. e. which ship a
  gir1.2-- package. With these packages, the libraries
  can be used from Python.


Ubuntu 12.10 Installation Hangs at 'Preparing to Install Ubuntu'

According to here:

Update to this......I just tested it again. Tried to reinstall 12.10 over 12.10 and failed.
Put in Debian....let it wipe the drive, create partitions, then killed the install.
Then a fresh install of 12.10......and in it went.
So it seems to be if you have a clean drive or a failed install to be written to, there's no problem.
No idea why....that just seems to be the way it is.

This seems like a partition cleaning bug, since you can clearly install it on a clean drive or over an installation that failed.


Multimedia files .mp4, .mkv, .avi, .flac. Having a ( ? ) question mark

Install Unity Tweak Tool with the Software Center....
Open Dash and type "Unity Tweak" and open that Program...

DISCLAIMER:
On KDE Systems this may not be Possible, Please see Option #6 of This Site.

Select Icons....

I use the Whiteglass Icons


From your comment it looks like it is already mounted.

cp need a -R if you are going to recursively go though directories.

Try the command

cp -R /media/<username>/<NTFS-Partition>/Movies /home/jesse/


unable to reconnect to login screen after reboot/logout using vnc

We have seen this behaviour as well... only fix/workaround we could find was to connect via a shell session and run "service lightdm restart"
We have a suspicion that this behavior might be related to the power setting on the screen and/or screen lock.


Is an Ubuntu CD still available for mail delivery?

Sure, you can buy them at Canonical Store or at OSDisk. The free Shipit program has been cancelled.


Ubuntu restore deleted files from find -delete

Short answer: no, because by default GNU/Linux doesn't come with a Recycle Bin when using terminal and executing commands like rm and find . -delete.

But as other users said, you could restore your files from a backup or try to restore them using some rescue software (but it'll take some time and as you execute more and more write operations on your disk, lower are the chances you're gonna get your data back).

Best regards.


Setting the same theme across desktop environments

all gnome-based DE use same theme on same account (gnome-shell unity, cinnamon, elementary, gnome classic).
try to change your theme maby is not compatibile with unity.
if you use 13.04 look theme for gnome 3.6 is the best results


Is there a way to extend Unity's window placement shortcuts?

Window Placement
If you cycle through the same key Unity will cycle through different placement widths, so experiment by hitting the numkey multiple times, for example Ctrl-Alt-numpad 5 5 5:

Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 7 - Place window in top left corner of screen.
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 8 - Place window in top half of screen.
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 9 - Place window in top right corner of screen.
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 5 - Center/Maximize the window in the middle of the screen. In 12.04 this toggles between maximize and restore state
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 1 - Place window in the bottom left corner of the screen.
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 2 - Place window in the bottom half of the screen.
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 3 - Place window in the bottom right corner of the screen.
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 0 - Minimize the current window (Ubuntu 12.04.1).

Source: Unity's Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts


How do I find the dependencies when building software from source?

the proviso

I'm assuming that you are using a recent version of ubuntu such as 12.04.  The versions in the repository are considered stable - so perhaps you may wish to use that version.

However if you like living on the cutting-edge - compiling or installing from a PPA is the way-to go.  Just remember, this route can leave your system in a potential unstable state.

how to compile

The dependencies you need to install this are as follows:

sudo apt-get install autotools-dev intltool libbluetooth-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexif-dev libgconf2-dev libglade2-dev libgps-dev libgtk2.0-dev  libsoup2.4-dev  libsqlite3-dev libxml2-dev

Remember also to install the package build-essential i.e.

sudo apt-get install build-essential

so how did I know that

... well I sort of cheated.

Search on packages.ubuntu.com for your package - I looked for foxtrotgps in the Quantal repository.

Look at the resources and look for the debian.tar.xz file.  Click on it - it will open in the archive manager.  Navigate to the control file in the debian folder.

In the build-depends section are the packages Launchpad needs to build the source - its the same packages you need to install.


Install curlftpfs -- apt-get install curlftpfs
Create file <ftp-file-name>.ftp
Add following text to file: -o  user=<username>:<password> <hostname>:
Start vifm, navigate to your .ftp file and press [enter]


After the Ubuntu installation is completed reboot the computer to the new Ubuntu installation and check if Ubuntu works properly. Then you can delete the Ubuntu OS on the USB drive and use the USB drive for something else. Alternatively you can keep Ubuntu on the USB drive because you might need it later for tasks like repairing the bootloader or resetting a lost administrative password.


How to transfer files from Windows 7 to Linux Ubuntu?

In Ubuntu:

Mount the Windows partition (it mounts automatically when you click on it).
Open the Windows partition and browse to the folder you want to copy/move to.
Drag the folder/files you want to their new destination.

Note: You can copy files/folders in any way you want to, both to and from Ubuntu.


Make sure that the boot flag is set for the partition where your boot-loader is installed.

Also take a look at this GPartEd tutorial. You'll find a lot of best practice advice.


What's the difference between juju and juju-core?

When Looking at the the both launchpad projects it looks like juju-core is the actual source-code of juju written in go which can be found on Github. When you go the launchpad page of juju-core and you switch to the code tab, you can see it there as well.

The other launchpad project refers to the Juju packages that can be installed to use Juju . Switching to the code tab here does not provide any source code but does give you a link to download the files which can be found here.


According to README included in source, you should run following commands to configure and compile the source:

./configure --prefix=/usr
make


Script to enter data from mysql database into text file

It shows you the manual because it's the wrong syntax. Try this:

mysql -uroot -ppasswd database -e "select * from table" >textfile.txt

From the manual:

-e, --execute=name  Execute command and quit. (Disables --force and history file.)


Ubuntu 18.04 is crashing. Have no idea what's causing it

I somewhat managed to fix it by reading the discussions provided by @Fiximan. Thanks again!

I did not update my kernel to 4.19+ nor add any boot option. I only changed a setting from my BIOS:

Power Supply Idle Control: [Auto] > Typical Current Idle

And no more overnight crash!

I read it from: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196683#c511.

From that Bugzilla report, what it does is currently unknown? But some speculations is that it disables C6 Power State though some reported that it doesn't.. ANYWAY, my problem is now solved!

Thanks everyone!


You need to install spice-protocol first. Unfortunately (atleast on 12.10) it is not available in the main repositories, so you will have to download and compile it:

wget http://spice-space.org/download/releases/spice-protocol-0.12.3.tar.bz2
tar -xjf spice-protocol-0.12.3.tar.bz2
cd spice-protocol*
./configure
make
sudo make install

If you prefer you can use git:

git clone git://git.freedesktop.org/git/spice/spice-protocol

If you have build-essentail installed, the compilation should go without any problem.

After this just proceed to the compilation of qemu enabling spice, passing --enable-spice to configure:

./configure --enable-spice
# make & make install

Hope this helps.


So you've gone from version 5.5.44-1ubuntu0.14.04.1 to 10.0.20-0ubuntu0.15.04.1. Sounds scarier than it is, that's just what they called 5.6 for some reason.

It seems that newer versions of MariaDB have added a plugin to the user table to force authentication through a fixed path. In this case, the root database user is forced through the unix_socket plugin. This also seems to be known as auth_socket in some circles.

Anyway this plugin restricts things so only the system root user can log in as the database root, with no password. It's a security choice they've made.

You can revert this by blanking the plugin field for the root user:

shell$ sudo mysql -u root

[mysql] use mysql;
[mysql] update user set plugin='' where User='root';
[mysql] flush privileges;

A specified password should work after this. I'm not sure how advisable this is though.


tmux becomes unresponsive when tailing a quickly updated file

The problem is more likely to be tmux overhead, especially if you've got a vertical split on your pane. You can set tmux to not update the screen when there are a bunch of control characters being written. See man tmux for more details, but I have the following in my ~/.tmux.conf.

set -g c0-change-trigger 20 #default is 250
set -g c0-change-interval 1000 #default is 100

This tells tmux that when 20 control sequences per milliseconds are being printed to the screen, tmux should change it's update interval to once per 1000 milliseconds (1/sec).


On US-International keyboard, pressing ' (single quote) makes an accent when you press  a or e or a few other keys after it. To make a single quote you need to press ' followed by space. For double quote, it's the same thing, you press " followed by a space. To have 2 single quotes, you need to press ', space, ', space.
This is useful only if you use accentued languages (like French or Portuguese). If not, I think US Keyboard (and probably UK keyboard) is better.


Gimp Opening file for reading: Permission Denied

I removed my Gimp snap and reinstalled Gimp using Synaptic.


What restrictions are there on paid applications?

This really depends on the publisher of the application.
There is a page with information on how licenses work for paid applications in the Ubuntu Software Center:

Once you’ve enabled licence keys, Ubuntu Software Centre will fetch a licence key when it completes a purchase, and copy that into the right file for your app to check. It is up to you, the developer, to provide keys that are hard to guess, check if the key is there when your application starts and behave accordingly.
You will receive a notification by email when the number of available licence keys goes below a certain configurable threshold, and you will see notices when you visit the website telling you about this also. If we run out of license keys we will necessarily stop selling copies of your app.


Hiding the Launcher sidebar of Ubuntu Unity with CompizConfig

This apparently got broken in Unity when they removed the launcher dodge feature.  The correct way to set the launcher to auto-hide is to open system settings, select "appearance", then open the "behaviour" tab, then turn the autohide feature on.  You don't need CompizConfig and in fact it's possible to break Unity with it.

To reveal the launcher you will need to push the pointer against the left side of the screen.  This is speed and time dependent but you can adjust the sensitivity of the reveal a little bit.


You can continue using ssh. It can also work with graphics.

ssh -X user@ip-adress

will let you start graphical application programs in the server, and they will open windows (with lower case w, not the trademark) in your client (on the monitor that you are using). Some programs will work, some will not work. It is easy to check, if the programs you want to use work this way.


Permission forbidden on localhost with apache2

I had the same problem , I edit the /etc/apache2/apache2.conffile and add

<Directory /var/www/ >
   Order allow,deny
   Allow from all
   Require all granted
</Directory>

and reset the apache2

 sudo service apache2 restart

work for me .


How do I toggle the wifi hardware switch for a Dell XPS 17 L702X?

On my Dell XPS 17 L702X  with Ubuntu Desktop 12.04 AMD64 the combination is simply Fn-F2.

It's good to know that it can differ.


Thank you for the comments and answers. Looking at the issue with fresh eyes today, it appears to be a simple mount type (-t) option issue. All of the suggested device parameters, including //HOSTNAME/SHARE_NAME, are okay when used in the following mount command:
sudo mount -t cifs -o guest //LOCALHOST/SHARE_NAME //DIRECTORY/MOUNT_POINT
As for the device name variations - it seems best practice to use 127.0.0.1 to refer to the host.


I believe you need at least Kernel version 3.19.0-15 and therefore Vivid. Check this URLs for Vivid and Trusty.


This is the browser designed for Ubuntu Touch.

It's designed for touch screen devices, and is not very intuitive when used with a keyboard or mouse.  It's designed to be swiped with your finger.

This browser is a lightweight UI on top of the Oxide browser engine.  The Oxide browser engine is just a web view control allowing a Chromium web view to be embedded in other apps.  So, technically, it is webkit based.

It's only relatively recently that it's been included in the desktop editions of Ubuntu, and was never really intended to be used much on a traditional desktop, which may explain (but not excuse) the relative lack of documentation.


Problem in cross compiling linux kernel 4.4.2 for ARM in ubuntu

You can install the arm toolchain in your own directory.  Then set up a set of definitions like:

    MY_ARM_BASE=${HOME}/dev/toolchain/arm-2008q3
    C_INCLUDE_PATH=${MY_ARM_BASE}/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.3.2/include:${MY_ARM_BASE}/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.3.2/include-fixed
    LIBRARY_PATH=${MY_ARM_BASE}/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib:${MY_ARM_BASE}/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib
    CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=${MY_ARM_BASE}/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/include/c++/4.3.2
    #OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH
    COMPILER_PATH=${MY_ARM_BASE}/bin
    #LD_RUN_PATH
    #GPROF_PATH
    #######
    CC=${COMPILER_PATH}/gccMY_ARM_BASE=${HOME}/dev/toolchain/arm-2008q3 C_INCLUDE_PATH=${MY_ARM_BASE}/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.3.2/include:${MY_ARM_BASE}/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.3.2/include-fixed LIBRARY_PATH=${MY_ARM_BASE}/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib:${MY_ARM_BASE}/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=${MY_ARM_BASE}/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/include/c++/4.3.2
#OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH COMPILER_PATH=${MY_ARM_BASE}/bin
#LD_RUN_PATH
#GPROF_PATH
#######MY_ARM_BASE=${HOME}/dev/toolchain/arm-2008q3 C_INCLUDE_PATH=${MY_ARM_BASE}/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.3.2/include:${MY_ARM_BASE}/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.3.2/include-fixed LIBRARY_PATH=${MY_ARM_BASE}/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib:${MY_ARM_BASE}/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=${MY_ARM_BASE}/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/include/c++/4.3.2
#OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH COMPILER_PATH=${MY_ARM_BASE}/bin
#LD_RUN_PATH
#GPROF_PATH
####### CC=${COMPILER_PATH}/gcc CXX=${COMPILER_PATH}/g++ RANLIB=${COMPILER_PATH}/ranlib STRIP=${COMPILER_PATH}/strip export C_INCLUDE_PATH LIBRARY_PATH CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH COMPILER_PATH export CC CXX RANLIB STRIP CC=${COMPILER_PATH}/gcc CXX=${COMPILER_PATH}/g++ RANLIB=${COMPILER_PATH}/ranlib STRIP=${COMPILER_PATH}/strip export C_INCLUDE_PATH LIBRARY_PATH CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH COMPILER_PATH export CC CXX RANLIB STRIP
    CXX=${COMPILER_PATH}/g++
    RANLIB=${COMPILER_PATH}/ranlib
    STRIP=${COMPILER_PATH}/strip
    export C_INCLUDE_PATH LIBRARY_PATH CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH COMPILER_PATH
    export CC CXX RANLIB STRIP

Note, the example is not for a kernel compile, just some webserver I was compiling for ARM, and I did not even set all the possible variables.


Dependency problem with linux-image-server, linux-image and linux-headers

Do a:

sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/*
sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*

then a:

cd /var/cache/apt/archives
sudo apt-get download linux-server linux-image-server linux-headers-server

As there seems to be a discrepency between the versions of linux-server (= 3.2.0.69.82) and linux-image-server (= 3.2.0.76.90)  install the packages using:

sudo dpkg --install --force-all linux-server* linux-image-server* linux-headers-server*

As these .deb files were downloaded using apt-get and just forced to install with dpkg they should not break the automatic updates in the future...


What is the command to list the files of specific extension within the range of file size and with depth of file search?

I found the answer for this:

sudo find / -type f -iname "*.ttx" -size +5000c -size -6000c 2>/dev/null | grep -E '^/?([^/]+/?){0,3}$'

The above command will list all the files with .ttx extension within the size range of 5Kb to 6Kb with the depth of 3 from /

Thank you.


Gqrx is quite good for listening to Software Defined Radio receivers. It is available in the Ubuntu universe repository, or you can install from their Personal Package Archive.

If you need to decode a more complicated protocol, then you may need to use GNU Radio.


Why won't my Ubuntu 18 laptop start up the desktop?

I figured out how to resolve this one.

I was able to get back in to the desktop by installing lightdm, logging in with that, and then reinstall gdm3.

FROM TERMINAL=

sudo apt install lightdm
sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

REBOOT

sudo apt install gdm3
sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3

REBOOT

sudo apt remove lightdm
sudo apt autoremove


Okay When a DVD is ripped via Windows it does not save the subtitles in a separate file it simply lays the text in an overlay on the .VOB file.

I installed gstreamer-plugins-ugly and gstreamer-plugins-bad plus the dependencies again using the --reinstall command.

After re-ripping the DVD and creating a .sub file from the subtitle file on the DVD I have managed to load the subtitles in Totem without a problem.

It seems that Totem, even with the restricted plug ins and additions from the MediBuntu PPA can not read the subtitles from ripped DVD's although it can from traditional DVDs i.e. on a disc.

You can however, if you already have ripped DVDs or videos with subtitles simply create a .sub file in a text editor and save it in the Root of the DVD folder.
Once saved you can open the file you have created by selected "Select text subtitles" This will load the file and display the subtitles as an overlay on the screen.

As with AVI files CYREX had it 100% as long as the .avi and the .srt file are named the same and in the same folder you can open the file and activate subtitles from the right click menu.


run bash script from another script and redirect its output

This sounds suspiciously like a homework assignment*, but here we go.

Why would you source the ELABORATO.SH script? If you do and it has an exit statement or errors out, your TEST.SH does the same. I don't think that's what you want. I would just run the script:

bash ELABORATO.SH param1 param2

Did you think about redirecting its input?

bash ELABORATO.SH param1 param2 < INPUT_FILE

To capture the output of ELABORATO.SH, well, doesn't redirection just seem to be made for that?

bash ELABORATO.SH param1 param2 < INPUT_FILE > OUTPUT_FILE

Finding out which files ELABORATO.SH writes is non-trivial. (Sideline: if you don't know its output files, then how could they be relevant to computing the score of ELABORATO.SH? Why bother to even move them around?)

Anyway, here we go. The following pipeline lists the files created by ELABORATO.SH:

strace bash ELABORATO.SH params < INPUT_FILE 2>&1 > OUTPUT_FILE \
    | grep '^open(.*O_CREAT' | cut -d\" -f 2

Then to move them elsewhere you could do:

for f in $(
    strace bash ELABORATO.SH params < INPUT_FILE 2>&1 > OUTPUT_FILE
       | grep '^open(.*O_CREAT' | cut -d\" -f 2)
do
    mv "$f" /path/to/elsewhere
done

*) Please recommend the friendly people at AskUbuntu to your supervisor.


What's the good way to clean up the system (and is Bleachbit safe) on Ubuntu 14.04?

To remove any packages that aren't needed by the system:

sudo apt-get autoremove

The other answer for this question:

sudo apt-get clean

This just clears the package cache for downloading new packages, it will not uninstall any packages.

See: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGet/Howto


How to install adobe after effects with wine on ubuntu 14.10?

You can use after effects 6.5 I installed it and it is working fine plus some good -yet old- plugins like cycore effects and some trapcode


Ubuntu Server 11.10 boot, white terminal with garbled black text

Try adding console=tty1 to your boot options on the kernel line.

Edit /etc/grub/defaults and add that to the options line

sudo -e /etc/grub/defaults

Edit the following line (splash is optional)

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash console=tty1"

The problem you seem to be having is with your graphics driver and framebuffer

There is a bug report here (I think you have a similar problem, just with a different intel card is all).

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/914311

I merely posted an alternate work around.

With that I have told you more then I know about this bug.


How to integrate unmounted volumes to my ubuntu system?

Select the appropriate option in the "Installation type" dialog of the Ubuntu installation program. One of the options is "Erase disk and install Ubuntu". That option will erase the entire disk and create one volume where Ubuntu will be installed, so this is the option you currently are asking for.

It is always possible to customize partitioning and installation fully to your liking by selecting the "Something else" option. This is for more advanced users, that then can edit the partitioning on the drives and decide which partition should be used.


Facing problems installing Qt on ubuntu 16.04

As you are running plain Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (xenial), then you should remove all Debian jessie mentions from your /etc/apt/sources.list and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/  files.

You can find such files with:

grep -r jessie /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list

then comment out problematic lines by adding # to the start and retry:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential g++ libqt4-core libqt4-dev libqt4-gui qt4-doc qt4-designer


Deleting old tomcat version and setting a new one

Stop the tomcat7 by executing shutdown.sh in the bin folder in tomcat7 root directory.


The recommended proprietary graphics driver for your computer is the best graphics driver to install. Open the terminal and type:

ubuntu-drivers devices

Wait for a minute or two for the command to scan your computer's hardware. The results should identify the recommended proprietary graphics driver for your computer. Install the recommended proprietary graphics driver using sudo apt-get install recommended-driver where instead of recommended-driver substitute the package name of the recommended proprietary graphics driver. Reboot to enable the newly installed graphics driver.


How do I disable startup sound in 11.10?


You may want to try this instead:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install php-oauth
sudo service apache2 restart

It worked well for me, running Ubuntu 18.04, PHP 7.2.5.


You need to run the nvidia-settings application. There will be a tab called 'X server display configuration' which allows you to "save to X configuration file".

Once this is done you can access the file with sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

There will be a section called Section "Monitor". Under that add the following lines:

Identifier     "Monitor0"
VendorName     "Apple"
Option         "DPMS"
Option         "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"

Reboot, and you should have working brightness controls on your macbook.


Custom keyboard shortcut for right click context menu

If your keyboard comes with a "menu" key (≣), then you can press it to simulate a right click. The menu key usually looks like this:

(Image source: Wikimedia Commons)

Alternatively, you can use the Shift+F10 combintion.


Can't view wifi signal strength with iwconfig or wavemon

You should use sudo. In case of iwconfig you can do sudo watch -n 1 iwconfig to see all the details every second. You will see an output like

In case of wavemon do sudo wavemon and the output will be like.


how to restore unbootable drive using testdisk

I'd suggest you, if possible,to first make a disk image and only then to try an recovery tool. This is to allow for multiple attempts without risking too much (you already did!).

I personally prefer to use safecopy to create such a disk image. It's not slower than the usual dd but it can also attempt for multiple strategies in case the disk has hardware failures. The disk image files will allow you different recovery attempts, even the more destructive ones.

Then, in cases like yours, I'd give foremost a try as it can attempt for an automatic recovery of whatever is available on that disk image.

testdisk is also a good tool, though, but with different aims and features.

The fewer operation you performed on that disk after the format, the higher the chances you can recover almost every file.

I'd suggest you to follow testdisk wiki to perform the recovery.


What program should I use to manage an iPod Shuffle (4G)?

You might want to try Floola. I haven't tried it on a shuffle, but I've had good success with a few different iPod models with it:

http://www.floola.com/home/


Downloading packages from Ubuntu local package mirror during Ubuntu 14.04LTS server installation

You should be able to find the recenly installed packages in your local cache:

/var/cache/apt/archive

you can backup them from there in a directory and use

dpkg -i PACKAGENAME.deb

to install them.


How to change goldendict system tray icon?

The tray icon is compiled-in, you'll have to recompile Goldendict to change the tray icon. http://goldendict.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=807


16.04: Gnome shell with Dash to panel extension - System crashes when close app in hover preview

Not unlikely, more recent versions of Dash To Panel do not anymore work well with the older version of Gnome Shell that comes with Ubuntu 16.04. So if you must continue to use Ubuntu 16.04, uninstall your current extension, and then install the version that belongs to your version of Gnome Shell (see the dropdown menu "Shell version" next to the Download button). In Settings - About, you can see the version number of your Gnome Shell (the number next to "GNOME:")

Better yet, uninstall the extension and install it back using Synaptic package manager or the sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extension-dash-to-panel command. That way, compatibility between your version of Gnome Shell and the extension is guaranteed (provided, though, that U 16.04 already has the APT package for the extension).


Ubuntu 14.04 Menu and Side bars NOT displaying after Python3 uninstalled

Try this:

dconf reset -f /org/compiz/

then

setsid unity

It worked for me. Refer this link for more details.


Running python --version in a terminal will show you which version of python is currently installed. Python does come by default on ubuntu 12.10 (version 2.7.3) source

edit: it has come to my attention that not only is python (2.7.3) available, but also python3 (3.2.3)


I'm not quite sure whether you're asking about whereis or which, so I'm just going to address both.

whereis

  whereis  locates  the binary, source and manual files for the
  specified command names. (…) [It] attempts to locate the desired
  program in the standard Linux places, and in the places specified by
  $PATH and $MANPATH.
  (…)
  The easiest way to know what paths are in use is to add the -l listing option.
  Source: man whereis

Run whereis -l to get a list of paths the program uses. By default it searches for binary, source and manual files, you can change that behaviour with the -b, -s and -m options, e.g.

$ whereis -m apt
apt: /usr/share/man/man8/apt.8.gz
$ whereis -b apt
apt: /usr/bin/apt /usr/lib/apt /etc/apt

Unlike which (see below) whereis doesn't test whether the file is executable when searching binaries, that's why touch /bin/apt alters its output.

which

  which  returns  the  pathnames (…) by searching the PATH for
  executable files matching the names of the arguments.
  Source: man which

What which does

I take it which does essentially the same as this find command:

IFS=':'; find $PATH -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -executable -name "SEARCH"

It searches every directory present in PATH for executable files named SEARCH, e.g. for apt:

$ which apt
/usr/bin/apt
$ IFS=':'; find $PATH -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -executable -name "apt"
/usr/bin/apt

Why your attempt failed

By default which only prints the first match from the PATH directories, i.e. the file that gets executed. With touch /bin/apt you did create a file matching the name constraint, but you forgot to make it executable and you didn't issue which to output all matches. Let's try that again:

$ touch /bin/apt
$ chmod +x /bin/apt
$ which -a apt
/usr/bin/apt
/bin/apt
$ IFS=':'; find $PATH -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -executable -name "apt"
/usr/bin/apt
/bin/apt


Not really, looks like you've inadvertently started a partial operating system upgrade! Your best bet is to probably just upgrade to 12.10!

How to roll back Ubuntu to a previous version?


Upgrade an unsupported release of Ubuntu(Ubuntu 10.04)!

You could start by upgrading to 12.04, and then 14.04 and so forth!
All the old images are still here: http://releases.ubuntu.com/

You want to make the jump from LTS to LTS for fast upgrade to the present LTS 16.04.

Best of luck!


how can I be sure my system is update with latest security updates?

Firstly, not all USNs are going to affect your environment.  Just like a vulnerability in Microsoft Office only affects people with that version of Microsoft Office installed, it won't affect people who don't have Microsoft Office installed on their systems. (yes, a Windows example, but the point still stands).
As a result, you are only going to get updates for security fixes in your OS if there are fixes present and available.  This does NOT mean that every USN you see is going to affect you.  And it is not unusual to not see updates within days after upgrading, because none have been released yet for packages you have installed.  Give it time, you'll start getting package updates regularly.  Just because you don't see updates doesn't mean that you're "not secure" - it just means you aren't running anything that's received a security patch yet, which is perfectly fine.

In the interim, lets look at the USNs you're referring to and what they apply to.
USN-4929-1 - BIND Vulnerabiltlies
Initial vulnerability release by ISC: April 28, 2021.
Initial patching by Ubuntu Security Team: April 29, 2021
This addresses vulnerabilities in the bind9 software - which is DNS Server software.
If you are not using BIND9 to run DNS servers in your environments, you are unaffected by this.  That's why this won't show up in your updates list.  Most people are not running BIND9 on their own personal systems and are more or less doing so in a server environment in the corporate world, so this likely is not going to affect you.

USN-4913-1 and -2: Underscore Vulnerabilities
Initial patching by Ubuntu Security Team: April 28, 2021
This addresses vulnerabilities specifically in the package and source package underscore - "Javascript’s functional programming helper library"
If you don't have this installed, you're not going to be getting updates for it.
You can validate whether you have updates for this by using dpkg -s libjs-underscore nodejs-underscore.  If you have them installed and the versions are at least 1.9.1-dfsg-1ubuntu0.21.04.1 then you're good to go, and you don't have to worry about anything.  However, if you don't have these installed, you're not affected.


Yes, if you look here you can find the instructions here to burn the disc.Step 10 also says:

  Restart your Mac and press alt/option key while the Mac is restarting to choose the USB stick.

You can then use these instructions to install, or other instructions like these (or these) if you want to dual boot (Mac+Ubuntu). You may need to pick the Ubuntu version specified here


To fix broken packages in Ubuntu, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below.

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install -f

  If the problem still exist, then edit dpkg status file

gksudo gedit /var/lib/dpkg/status

  Find the package in question, and remove everything that has anything to do with it >and save the file.1

1Source:Ubuntu fix


How to configure audio on a headless server

I believe a workaround to this issue is to add the user(s) to the audio group  so they can access the audio outputs. This may have limitations such as you may still need a audio program to interface with ALSA, which when you are logged in a desktop environment is normally done via a pulseaudio server or similar.

Note this is not recommended on the wiki page. This may just be as it will then override other users and programs but it might be due to security implications as well.


Why I need an Xorg login to use Ubuntu 18.04 LTS in Hyper-V windows 10, and How Do I Create Those Credentials

It's a feature of the enhanced session mode of Hyper-V. I guess u've created using the Quick Create. It's normal to see Xorg sign in. It's using a RDP. But in return you get full screen Ubuntu and drive and clipboard sharing which are otherwise difficult to set up.


Ubuntu 14.04 boot hangs at logo after updating

The root cause was a huge number of files in my /tmp directory.

I'd used the /tmp directory to store millions of files earlier. It turns out that having that many files there causes the service which cleans /tmp to take a long, long time (duh). After moving the files out of /tmp, the problem is solved. It had nothing to do with the upgrade; that was just a coincidence.

In case it helps anyone later, here's the process I used to figure it out. I enabled the "Magic SysRq key" by changing etc/sysctl.d/10-magic-sysrq.conf. Then, I reproduced the problem by rebooting; when startup hung, I hit Alt-SysRq-t. This dumped the following in the kernel buffer, read using dmesg:

[   36.318527] SysRq : Show Blocked State
[   36.318696]   task                        PC stack   pid father
[   36.318719] find            D ffff88041dd93480     0   839    788 0x00000000
[   36.318721]  ffff880405d07a48 0000000000000082 ffff880401136000 ffff880405d07fd8
[   36.318723]  0000000000013480 0000000000013480 ffff880401136000 ffff88041dd93d18
[   36.318725]  ffff88041dfab460 0000000000000002 ffffffff811ef380 ffff880405d07ac0

It dumps a lot more than this, but this is the relevant part. This shows the blocked task is find. After that, it was just a matter of a knowledgeable friend knowing that the /tmp cleaning service was a likely culprit.


The GPU is known to overheat on the XPS M1530, there are a couple of things that you can do.

Service the heatsink (remove the fluff etc) and replace the heatsink paste with Artic Silver. This is not guaranteed to fix the issue, but some people have had success with this.
Replace the motherboard with one which has the later revision of the GPU, this is the more expensive approach.

I had written a set of instructions for the above. Here they are:

Dell XPS M1530 Heatsink Removal and Refitting and Servicing

Dell XPS M1530 Motherboard Replacement


How can I setup an Internal Network with Virtualbox? (Ubuntu 14.04)

Ok I found the solution. I just had to start a DHCP server with VirtualBox. It's well explained in this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhOY-KilEeE

Just in case, if the video is unavailable, the gist of it is this:

vboxmanage dhcpserver add --netname intnet --ip 10.10.0.1 --netmask 255.255.0.0 --lowerip 10.10.10.1 --upperip 10.10.10.255 --enable

Run this this in your host OS.

--netname intnet: The internal network will be named intnet. This is the name you should then put inside your VM's Network > Adapter > (Internal network) > Name field.
--ip 10.10.0.1: The IP address of your DHCP server inside the internal network.
--netmask 255.255.0.0: The subnet mask.
--lowerip 10.10.10.1: The lower bound of the IP addresses that can be assigned to network members.
--upperip 10.10.10.255: The upper bound of the same thing.
--enable: Enable the DHCP server.


How do I root my LG Optimus F3 on Linux?

Disclaimer: Rooting your Android device voids its warranty. You can however claim the warranty back by unrooting the device. I or the developer of this rooting tool is not responsible for any damage that your device might have to incur during this process. Proceed at your own risk.

Open terminal(Ctrl + Alt + T) and enter(in terminal) adb(connect your phone first and enable USB debugging)
Enter fastboot(in terminal). If you get some kind of error(after first or second step), go to 2.1, else go to 3

2.1 Enter the following in the terminal:

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8

Press enter, then enter the following:

  sudo apt-get update &&
  sudo apt-get install android-tools-adb android-tools-fastboot

Press y and then enter.
Download this and unzip it.
Run run.sh inside motochopper folder


Text editor app that restores unsaved files that were open in the last session

Atom totally does this :) By default it always opens with all the tabs from the last session, whether or not they have been saved, with no need to explicitly set this feature.

Here I just launched atom and it opens with all tabs from the previous session, including unsaved tabs:

If atom is already open and you launch a new instance, it will be blank and if you have more than one atom window open, and close all of them, when you launch atom again, it will return to the session that was closed last.

It has lots of other awesome features too. You can get it from this ppa:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/atom
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install atom

or download the .deb package from the website (the file is actually called deb)

wget https://atom.io/download/deb
sudo dpkg -i deb

Thanks to @cat for reminding me to mention that Atom is FOSS (free as in speech and free as in beer). It's MIT licensed and is in active development on GitHub

Documentation main page here with lots of how-tos

Enjoy!


The colors when doing "ls" at my ubuntu server diappeared just like that

The colored output of ls is from a default alias included with Ubuntu. Try running ls --color=auto and see if you still get color. The default aliases are in $HOME/.bashrc. You can add more in $HOME/.bash_aliases. Did you edit those files during setup?

To run a command without aliases, prefix with a slash such as \ls.


The location of the drawer icon of nautilus is:

/usr/share/icons/Humanity/apps/128/system-file-manager.svg

The name of the icon file is system-file-manager.svg

If you want to find icons of other applications, you need to find the name of the icon file and then search for the icon file in the /usr directory. To find the name of an icon file, browse in Files to /usr/share/applications, select an application, and drag the application icon into the open window of a graphical interface text editor like Text Editor (gedit) or Emacs. The text editor will show you information about the application, and in the line that starts with Icon= is the name of the icon file.


How to determine "unmet dependencies" when attempting to install MAME?

Ubuntu software center will not print the unmet dependencies. Open a terminal and run
sudo apt-get install package_name

If it failed, it will detail show the unmet dependencies.


Slack has now a nice official client for Ubuntu and RPM distributions.

Download it from the official page: https://slack.com/downloads/linux

It'll automatically insert a slack.list entry in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/, so you'll receive updates during an apt update.


Make sure that you have the driver enabled for your wireless card. In order to do this, go to settings>software sources>additional drivers. You may need to temporarily use a wired connection to activate the driver.


Can I install packages/drivers from older releases of Ubuntu?

download the package from the repo that has it.

remove the not working driver: sudo apt-get remove <package name>

then run:  sudo dpkg -i <file name>.

if you can satisfy all the dependencies of the package without creating a conflict with a newer package, the the older package will run just fine.

you can get a compiled package here https://launchpad.net/~hugegreenbug/+archive/ubuntu/cmt


Download the .deb file directly from the Google Chrome website and install it (double-click on it).
This will also add the repository for stable updates in the future.


How to turn off SSD + HDD in RAID 1 from Ubuntu

This can be accomplished pretty well with the udisksctl utility:
sudo udisksctl power-off -b /dev/sdX

Note: Be sure to change /dev/sdX to the actual device you would like to power down. You can list all devices with sudo udisksctl status.
This will safely power down a storage device until the next boot. After issuing this command there is no way to restart the device without a reboot, which should prevent unintended access to the device.


AMDGPU-Pro 18.20 for Ubuntu 18.04, Raven ridge supported?

Actually, already the AMDGPU-Pro 18.10 supports Raven Ridge. Tried both, and opencl 18.10 works on Raven Ridge, while 18.20 does not. Tested platform was R7 2400G on an Gigabyte GA-AB350M-DS3H board (which is in fact a x370 board). with latest BIOS.


Ubuntu Software Center Downloads not showing up on software launcher

It's not a launcher that holds all your applications automatically.
It's a shortcut bar where YOU place the most frequently used.

For infrequently-used (or new) applications, you can use Software Center or the Desktop Search. Personally, I find Desktop Search easier to use.

There are many ways to reach Desktop Search in Gnome:

On the Shortcut Bar, look for the nine-little-boxes-grid icon, usually near the bottom.
On the Keyboard, simply press the Windows (super) key.
At the top-of-screen menus, look on the top-left and click on "Activities"


Is there a way to keep Oracle's JRE/JDK as the default JRE/JDK?

Maybe setting the Oracle Java JRE/JDK as default will solve your problem: How to set default Java version? or
Setting JDK 7 as default

Simply put in command line:

  sudo update-alternatives --config java

And select the version you want to be default.


The reason you can't cause redirection to occur by expanding "$HideErrors" is that symbols like > aren't treated specially after being produced by parameter expansion. This is actually very good, because such symbols appear in text you might want to expand and use literally.

This holds whether or not you quote $HideErrors. The result of parameter expansion is subject to word splitting and globbing when the expansion is unquoted, but that's it.

As for what to do about it, there are numerous ways to achieve conditional redirection. For a very simple command, it may be reasonable write the whole command twice, once in each branch of a case or if-else construct. This soon becomes burdensome, however, and the command you showed is certainly a case where that would not be ideal.

Of the approaches that let you avoid repeating yourself, there are two I especially recommend, because they are quite clean and easy to get right. You'd want to use just one of these, not both at once for the same command and redirection.

Store the command instead of the redirection. Instead of attempting to store the redirection in a variable and applying parameter expansion,  store the command in a shell function. Then write a case or if-else, in which the function is called with the redirection on one branch and without it on the other.

If you conceptualize your command as code that you want to write once but run under multiple circumstances, then a function is the natural solution. This is what I usually do. It has the benefit of requiring neither a subshell nor manual storage and resetting of state.

With your code:

launch() {
    google-chrome --headless --disable-gpu --dump-dom \
        "$RobWebAddress" > "$DownloadName"
}

case $fCron in
true)  launch 2>/dev/null;;
*)     launch;; # Get silly error messages when running from terminal
esac

You can apply whatever spacing you like, or if-else instead if you prefer. Note that launch automatically uses the caller's RobWebAddress and DownloadName variables, even if they are local variables, because Bash is dynamically scoped, unlike most programming languages which are lexically scoped.

Run the command in a subshell and conditionally apply the redirection to exec. This is what steeldriver commented about, but inside ( ) to keep the effect local. When the exec builtin is run with no arguments, it doesn't replace the current shell with a new process, but instead applies any of its redirections to the current shell.

(It's also possible to keep track of what standard error was and restore it, without using a subshell and thus without sacrificing the ability to modify the current shell's environment. I'll leave the details of that to other answers, though.)

With your code:

(
    # Suppress silly error messages unless running from terminal
    case $fCron in true) exec 2>/dev/null;; esac

    google-chrome --headless --disable-gpu --dump-dom \
        "$RobWebAddress" > "$DownloadName"
)

After the closing ), standard error is in effect restored to whatever it was before, because it's only really being redirected in the subshell, and not in the parent shell. This, too, works fine with the existing shell variables, since subshells get a copy of those. Although I prefer to use a shell function, I admit this method may require less code.

Both methods work regardless of what file or device standard error starts out as, including in the case of redirections applied to shell functions that call the code that contains the conditional behavior, as well as the case (mentioned in your edit) where standard error for the whole script has already been redirected by a previous exec 2>&fd or exec 2> path. That the path was produced by process substitution is no problem.


How do I list all users logged into Gnome 3?

Try:ck-history --last

This will include users who logged in via Gnome / GDM.  I found that commands like 'who', 'w', 'finger', 'last' only display terminal logins.


How to adjust brightness in Ubuntu 14.04.5

The error merely says that you don't have GEdit installed. Use some other editor instead.

If you already used nano, you can use it for this, too:

sudo nano /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d


How to use vpnc on Ubuntu with smart card authentication

vpnc is pretty ancient, try openconnect instead.

http://www.infradead.org/openconnect/index.html

it supports smartcards


I solved it by using a python script that sets brightness on login.

I followed this guide: Set-brightness-automatically-at-the-startup-in-linux

Download this script: http://ishans.info/attachments/article/65/setBrightness.py (it's the second one from the guide above)
Save the script somewhere it won't get moved, like /home/stephen/Documents/setBrightness.py
Set brightness level to 100. Do this by editing the script's last line to read iface.SetPercentage(100)
Autostart Script. Do this by launching Startup Applications > Add
Name: setBrightness
Command: python /home/stephen/Documents/setBrightness.py
Enjoy

This script will not take affect until you log on.
This script can also be used to intentionally dim the screen on startup by skipping step 3.


unable to install virtual box on ubuntu 12.04 LTS x64

It really seems your package is corrupt, maybe a problem downloading it? Download it again from here. Then take a look here. Basically you will use md5sum to check the file is oki.  MD5sum makes a hash which calculates if a file is sane. Is very important to use it when you burn an iso image you hope to use for install/repair a system for example.

  md5sum virtualbox-4.2_4.2.16-86992~Ubuntu~precise_amd64.deb

Check if the output is the same number as the one contained  here.


Downgrading should work. Check the "history" tab in the software center and downgrade all the intel changes from 1.0.5 -> 1.0.6.

As far as I can tell, there are two possible causes:

The intel update installs a package called i915-3.15-3.13-dkms, which I guess is a backport of the Intel graphics kernel module in 3.15 to the ubuntu 3.13 kernel. This might be incompatible with the Nvidia kernel module.
A bug in the intel driver.


Why does video playback stutter after a few minutes?

This problem was resolved after a recent package upgrade. One of the packages that updated was the kernel, but I'm not certain which package fixed the problem.

I'm now running this Ubuntu kernel version:

Linux 3.0.0-15-generic #25-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jan 2 17:44:42 UTC 2012 x86_64


Ubuntu 16.04 takes too much time to boot and to shut down

Not Sure if this is a troll question or not but I will answer any way.

Any OS installed on a SSD will boot considerable faster then an HDD.

The simple answer is to install Ubuntu onto your SSD, and your boot times will decrease.

Another thing to be aware is that when windows 10 is shutdown using the shutdown command it doesn't actually shut down but goes into hibernation allowing it to be booted up considerable faster. (http://www.howtogeek.com/243901/the-pros-and-cons-of-windows-10s-fast-startup-mode/)


Can't back to Unity after install Pantheon

Try reinstalling Unity from the Software Center. If that does not work, Backup everything and install a fresh copy of Ubuntu.


"Bounce" emails are sometimes part of a spam attack, though I doubt this is the case in your instance.

550-XX.XX.XX.XX blocked by ldap:ou=rblmx,dc=att,dc=net 550 Error - Blocked for abuse.

This leads me to believe that your server IP has made a blacklist - particularly one with att.net. I would check your domain on mxtoolbox.com and check that you're not running an open relay, and you're not blacklisted

If you are on a dedicated IP, you're going to have to resolve this with ATT / Bell South. If you're using a dynamic IP on a residential account, it will be a bit stickier to resolve, as most ISP's have a low threshold of support for users running servers on non-business accounts, and provisioning usually means that you could be getting blocked because one of your neighbors is/was part of a spam botnet and the shared IP got blocked.

With any email system sending and receiving to the public-at-large, I would be running a virus filter like clamav.


You can use a tool called expect to do such things

Use caution: This a very dangerous way of doing things as it violates the principle of least privilege.

This is a very vague sample

#!/usr/bin/expect -f
spawn su
expect "Password:"
send "password\n";
interact

See if you can convert it to your use.


How do I extend a partition using unallocated space?

Here's the only guide I found that actually worked. No command line commands got me anywhere near what I wanted to do. https://www.itworld.com/article/2833066/virtualization/how-to-extend-a-linux-virtual-machine-partition-in-hyper-v.html

Here's an image of GParted after I was done.

Edit: Well the system itself still only sees it as 150GB when viewing the system details, so my imaging server is only seeing 150GB. I'm glad I don't regularly use Linux. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯


prntscrn button doesn't work in Ubuntu 16.04 (worked fine in 14.04)

I found a solution here:

As I noticed from xev output pressing prt sc on HP Pavilion returns two different codes: 218(the key's code itself) and XKeysymToKeycode returns 107.
I looked at key mapping with xmodmap -pke and noticed that there's binding 107 to Print action but there's no binding for 218 keycode. So I just add binding for keycode 218:
xmodmap -e "keycode 218 = Print"
and then removed binding from 107 keycode
xmodmap -e "keycode 107 = "
After that everything have started working just fine.
Hope I helped someone.


Remove nVidia driver and go back to Nouveau

To reconfigure xorg.conf. Move your current /etc/X11/xorg.conf. If things go wrong you might need it later again:

sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.BACKUP

The following steps will install the nouveau-driver on configure the xserver accordingly:

sudo apt-get install nouveau-firmware
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

Go following the screen steps, answering the wizard questions and you should able to restore or reconfigure to previous Nouveau state.


How to install BURG on dual-boot Windows 7 / Ubuntu machine?

Grub Customizer could be a good idea - you can configure GRUB and BURG with this tool. But be sure you installed BURG first.


Ubuntu 14.04 on VirtualBox won't use the full screen

You don't need to (and should not!) roll-back the last update. Just reinstall the Virtual Box Additions; it is necessary to do so after kernel upgrade, which is almost certainly your case. After re-installation of Virtual Box Additions, you will have proper full screen support back.


The best way to make this work is to install openssh-client package ( with the client tools) and the openssh-server package (with the server daemon):

sudo apt-get install openssh-client openssh-server

That should solve your problem.


Can I have two Ubuntu installations on one laptop?

Yes, that will work fine.

Use the "Something Else" option on the installer to manually select the partition to install to.

You could also use separate user accounts for work & personal & public use


Cannot resize ubuntu partition with gparted

You cannot resize because there is no free space before /dev/sda4. /dev/sda3 is just before /dev/sda4. In your current setup you can extend the /dev/sda5 or /dev/sda3 only (assuming the partition type is Primary).

Delete the swap partition and create a new one from unallocated space, the you will have free space before /dev/sda4/ . If you have an active linux installation (that is using the swap),then use a live usb to edit it's /etc/fstab file and change uuid for old swap partition with new one. You won't have any booting issues.


how should i divide a 100GB for ubuntu installation, if i want to have more space in partition where all the softwares, etc. will be installed?

This is a preference based question.

I prefer going for a single partition as I am running only Ubuntu on my device. This adds flexibility of adjusting space between your files and software as well. Regarding loss of data, I keep regular backups for safe-keeping in additional hard-disks.


The zip tool provides the --fix (or -F) option to try repairing corrupt zip files. For very damaged archives, there is the -FF option. You can thus recover data from a corrupt zip file with a command like (reference):
zip -FF corrupted.zip --out new.zip

Only undamaged files can be recovered: some files may be missing.


You do not use the start-up manager to edit the GRUB file. The startup manager is used to select configurations of the GRUB.

If you are installing or loading OS-X you will want it to use the bootloader currently on your Ubuntu system. Direct it to use the GRUB file to boot. Once installed, reboot into Ubuntu and update the GRUB file by sudo update-grub.

IF when done with OS-X and want to remove it, reformat the OS-X partition and run sudo update-grub

now if all else fails boot Ubuntu using a Live CD and install boot-repair

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

use this to fix the GRUB file.


Script to detect if a certain website is up?

Yes.  If you run this script and checksitestatus.sh and use http://google.com it'll say site is up.  If you type http://googlex.com it'll say site is down.

You would have to install lynx to from the repository with:

$ sudo apt-get install lynx

The script (checksitestatus.sh):

#!/bin/bash

if [[ $# -eq 0 ]] ; then
    echo 'Missing parameter - site to check... exiting.'
    exit 0
fi

site=$1
siteisdown=$(lynx -dump $site 2>&1 | egrep 'Alert!: Unable to connect to remote host.')

if [[ "$siteisdown" ]]
then
    echo "Site is down"
    # any other code here
else
    echo "Site is up"
    # any other code here
fi


How to backup virtual drives with PlayOnLinux?

Manual Backup

Following the path you got (i.e., manually copy files), what you could do is run playonlinux for the first time, let it generate the default .PlayOnLinux folder, then quit the application, delete that folder and replace it with your own .PlayOnLinux folder. Then restart playonlinux and you should be able to use all of your applications that you were using before. You may have to tweak a few settings if you were using a different version of playonlinux before, but it should be a usable solution.

Note: You must remember to let playonlinux run once before you quit it and copy your folder across from the backup drive. You mention you copied it before you ran playonlinux- this is the main problem, as playonlinux will overwrite the folder, as you have found out.

PlayOnLinux Vault

However, in the future you could use the 'playonlinux vault' (see screenshots below), which can be used to both backup and restore your applications. It is accessed through playonlinux > plugins > PlayOnLinux vault. It does backup the entire wine prefix that the application is installed in and all the other necessary playonlinux settings. It is a plugin, but is now installed by default. It is easy to use as you are guided through the various stages of the backup or restore.

The only downside is that the plugin takes a while to compress the backups, but the latest version of the plugin has an option to disable compression, which will improve speed and performance of the backup. Disable and remove the vault plugin in pluginmanager and then download the latest version from the official site and install it and enable it using pluginmanager. Now reload playonlinux and you will get the option to not use compression (see screenshot).

There are perhaps other ways of backing up your programs, but the two solutions discussed should be useful for you.

Screenshots from the 'playonlinux' vault plugin:


Does anyone know a Good real time voice changer for Linux? (Specifically Ubuntu)

You can start with the pyvoicechanger python script.

Or you can use sox and piping to achieve a similar result using:

 sox -d -d pitch -700 contrast 100 echo 0.8 0.88 6 0.4

For full list of sox sound effects:  SoX - Sound eXchange Wiki: EFFECTS


Should gnome be producing so much syslog activity?

Under 16.04 with Unity Desktop things look much different:

$ cut -d' ' -f5 /var/log/syslog.1 | sed -e 's/\[.*//' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n
      1 AptDaemon.PackageKit:
      1 AptDaemon.Trans:
      1 cracklib:
      1 lightdm
      1 org.gnome.evolution.dataserver.Sources5
      2 50-motd-news
      2 accounts-daemon
      2 alsactl
      2 colord-sane:
      2 /hpfax:
      2 loadkeys
      2 org.ayatana.bamf
      2 org.gtk.vfs.AfcVolumeMonitor
      2 polkitd
      2 rc.local
      2 rsyslogd-2007:
      2 rsyslogd-2039:
      2 rsyslogd-2222:
      2 speech-dispatcher
      2 systemd-sysctl
      2 ureadahead
      3 systemd-timesyncd
      3 systemd-udevd
      4 apport
      4 AptDaemon:
      4 AptDaemon.Worker:
      4 nautilus:
      4 org.a11y.atspi.Registry
      4 org.gnome.ScreenSaver
      4 systemd-fsck
      4 udisksd
      4 virtualbox
      5 org.gnome.zeitgeist.Engine
      5 org.gnome.zeitgeist.SimpleIndexer
      6 apparmor
      6 colord
      6 cron
      6 mount
      6 org.gtk.vfs.Daemon
      6 systemd-modules-load
      7 systemd-tmpfiles
      8 resetmsmice
      8 rsyslogd:
      8 tlp
      9 org.freedesktop.FileManager1
     10 sSMTP
     10 thermald
     11 gpu-manager
     12 org.debian.apt
     13 anacron
     15 gnome-session-binary
     16 nvidia-persistenced:
     16 pulseaudio
     20 fwupd
     20 sensors
     20 snapd
     21 acpid:
     24 mtp-probe:
     32 nm-dispatcher:
     36 udev-configure-printer
     40 smartd
     41 dnsmasq
     45 eyesome
     46 systemd-sleep
     61 bluetoothd
     71 CRON
     82 dhclient
     84 dbus
     96 gnome-session
    106 rtkit-daemon
    163 upowerd
    183 avahi-daemon
    187 wpa_supplicant
    596 NetworkManager
    643 systemd
   2606 kernel:
   3988 ntfs-3g

On my system I get a lot of permission errors with ntfs-3g but I really don't care enough to spend the time to fix them. Your errors for Gnome desktop should probably be researched.


SD Card Appears Multiple Times in /media?

You can just manually mount it there , first unmount the sdcard if already mounted umount /dev/sdXy where X the order the SD card was mounted and y is the partition number. Then you can delete all the folders inside that user directory , rm -rf user && mkdir user/SDCARD.Then mount it there , mount /dev/sdXy /media/user/SDCARD. Tada done.

Not sure why it happens though.

Cheers


How to move an Ubuntu VM from Windows host to Ubuntu host?

You can use the Import/Export Appliance options in the File menu of VirtualBox. (Export Appliance on your Windows system will create an OVA file of your VM, which you can then import on your Ubuntu system.)


GUI goes blank after login screen Xubuntu 18.04 on dual-boot installation on Windows 10 machine

I have this problem on my Desktop (nvidia graphics) and laptop (intel graphics). A workaround that seems to work for me is to change to the first console (Ctrl Alt F1) then back to the GUI (Ctrl Alt F7). On the laptop I have wiggle the mousepad to get it to respond.


What does man command do in broader sense?

Linux distributions and their programs come with lots of documentation. Some are in HTML format, others in simple text files, most install so-called man pages.

Man pages, long manual pages, can be seen as chapters of a reference manual.

  configuration files (why and how are they used)

Config files configure the initial settings for programs, lots are in /etc

  system calls (I guess it is related to the system calls invoked while
  executing these commands - correct me if I am wrong)

A system call is how a program requests a service from the kernel

  what are library routines associated with any command?

Those are routines that the specified command uses from certain libraries.

  and how kernel information is related to any command?

... now it gets tough, as you really need to know about operating systems and their inner workings in depth.

  I tried some of these commands as man more, but again its too long and difficult for me to totally get it: is there any easy reference for beginners like me?

Conclusion

Think of it this way: You want to know how to use the command more. You can now either go to the library and get a book about the usage of this command. Or you can type man more and the contents of the book are displayed on your screen.

If you're new to computing or Linux, then the book / manpage will contain lots of jargon you don't understand, but that's inherent to learning something new.


How does the Ubuntu license work for commercial use? Do we have to follow the LGPL or the GPL?

Ubuntu has no one license - every file may have a different license.

That shouldn't be a problem for you as long as you don't (re)distribute the files. As long as the binaries are supplied by Ubuntu (Canonical) the license conditions apply to them, not you.

I am not a lawyer, so I couldn't comment on what happens when you simply pass along the files, but I suggest you either do find the legal answer to that, or else have your customers install the OS themselves.

In the case of GPL and LGPL software, your obligations include providing an offer to produce source code when asked (for a limited time). In practice, it would be sufficient to point your customers at the Ubuntu source provisions, but to be absolutely sure, you would have to ensure that you had your own copy (I mean, what happens if Ubuntu's servers vanished? Also, remember that their time limit dates from when they gave the files to you, but yours would date from when you passed them along, some time later.)


To restrict access to /proc, you use the hidepid option while mounting /proc. Add to your fstab (or edit if there's already an entry):

proc /proc proc defaults,hidepid=2 0 0

You can use the gid option to enable access for a particular group. See http://www.debian-administration.org/article/702/Hiding_processes_from_other_users for more details.


Conversion of tiff image in Python script - OCR using Tesseract

Read through the Tesseract documentation you can train it to understand that font, like so: http://michaeljaylissner.com/blog/adding-new-fonts-to-tesseract-3-ocr-engine

  Introduction

  Tesseract is a great and powerful OCR engine, but their instructions
  for adding a new font are incredibly long and complicated. At
  CourtListener we have to handle several unusual blackletter fonts, so
  we had to go through this process a few times. Below I've explained
  the process so others may more easily add fonts to their system.

  The process has a few major steps:

  Create training documents
  Teach Tesseract about the documents

  Create training documents

  To create training documents, open up MS Word or LibreOffice, paste in
  the contents of the attached file named ‘standard-training-text.txt'.
  This file contains the training text that is used by Tesseract for the
  included fonts.

  Set your line spacing to at least 1.5, and space out the letters by
  about 1pt. using character spacing. I've attached a sample doc too, if
  that helps. Set the text to the font you want to use, and save it as
  font-name.doc.

  Save the document as a PDF (call it [lang].font-name.exp0.pdf, with
  lang being an ISO-639 three letter abbreviation for your language),
  and then use the following command to convert it to a 300dpi tiff
  (requires imagemagick):

convert -density 300 -depth 4 lang.font-name.exp0.pdf lang.font-name.exp0.tif

  You'll now have a good training image called lang.font-name.exp0.tif.
  If you're adding multiple fonts, or bold, italic or underline, repeat
  this process multiple times, creating one doc → pdf → tiff per font
  variation.

  Train Tesseract

  The next step is to run tesseract over the image(s) we just created,
  and to see how well it can do with the new font. After it's taken its
  best shot, we then give it corrections. It'll provide us with a box
  file, which is just a file containing x,y coordinates of each letter
  it found along with what letter it thinks it is. So let's see what it
  can do:

tesseract lang.font-name.exp0.tiff lang.font-name.exp0 batch.nochop makebox

  You'll now have a file called font-name.exp0.box, and you'll need to
  open it in a box-file editor. There are a bunch of these on the
  Tesseract wiki. The one that works for me (on Ubuntu) is moshpytt,
  though it doesn't support multi-page tiffs. If you need to use a
  multi-page tiff, see the issue on the topic for tips. Once you've
  opened it, go through every letter, and make sure it was detected
  correctly. If a letter was skipped, add it as a row to the box file.
  Similarly, if two letters were detected as one, break them up into two
  lines.

  When that's done, you feed the box file back into tesseract:

tesseract eng.font-name.exp0.tif eng.font-name.box nobatch box.train .stderr

  Next, you need to detect the Character set used in all your box files:

unicharset_extractor *.box

  When that's complete, you need to create a font_properties file. It
  should list every font you're training, one per line, and identify
  whether it has the following characteristics: <fontname>
  <italic> <bold> <fixed> <serif>
  <fraktur>

  So, for example, if you use the standard training data, you might end
  up with a file like this:

  eng.arial.box 0 0 0 0 0
eng.arialbd.box 0 1 0 0 0
eng.arialbi.box 1 1 0 0 0
eng.ariali.box 1 0 0 0 0
eng.b018012l.box 0 0 0 1 0
eng.b018015l.box 0 1 0 1 0
eng.b018032l.box 1 0 0 1 0
eng.b018035l.box 1 1 0 1 0
eng.c059013l.box 0 0 0 1 0
eng.c059016l.box 0 1 0 1 0
eng.c059033l.box 1 0 0 1 0
eng.c059036l.box 1 1 0 1 0
eng.cour.box 0 0 1 1 0
eng.courbd.box 0 1 1 1 0
eng.courbi.box 1 1 1 1 0
eng.couri.box 1 0 1 1 0
eng.georgia.box 0 0 0 1 0
eng.georgiab.box 0 1 0 1 0
eng.georgiai.box 1 0 0 1 0
eng.georgiaz.box 1 1 0 1 0
eng.lincoln.box 0 0 0 0 1
eng.old-english.box 0 0 0 0 1
eng.times.box 0 0 0 1 0
eng.timesbd.box 0 1 0 1 0
eng.timesbi.box 1 1 0 1 0
eng.timesi.box 1 0 0 1 0
eng.trebuc.box 0 0 0 1 0
eng.trebucbd.box 0 1 0 1 0
eng.trebucbi.box 1 1 0 1 0
eng.trebucit.box 1 0 0 1 0
eng.verdana.box 0 0 0 0 0
eng.verdanab.box 0 1 0 0 0
eng.verdanai.box 1 0 0 0 0
eng.verdanaz.box 1 1 0 0 0

  Note that this is the standard font_properties file that should be
  supplied with Tesseract and I've added the two bold rows for the
  blackletter fonts I'm training. You can also see which fonts are
  included out of the box.

  We're getting near the end. Next, create the clustering data:

mftraining -F font_properties -U unicharset -O lang.unicharset *.tr
cntraining *.tr

  If you want, you can create a wordlist or a unicharambigs file. If you
  don't plan on doing that, the last step is to combine the various
  files we've created.

  To do that, rename each of the language files (normproto, Microfeat,
  inttemp, pffmtable) to have your lang prefix, and run (mind the dot at
  the end):

combine_tessdata lang.

  This will create all the data files you need, and you just need to
  move them to the correct place on your OS. On Ubuntu, I was able to
  move them to:

sudo mv eng.traineddata /usr/local/share/tessdata/


External 1TB WD USB 3.0 HDD is not detecting. Working perfectly fine in Windows

I am not sure if this will resolve your issue, but it's worth a try :

Connect your Device

Pull the usb cable just a little bit out from the computer side.. ( just a tiny bit) and wait for a couple of minutes..

if it starts working then you may push the usb - cable back in properly.

I faced similar issue..

If it doesn't work then sorry.. :(


How to disable Grub's menu from showing up after failed boot

As I had the same problem and figured out the following solution:

Open /etc/default/grub with an editor
Add a line with this assignment: GRUB_RECORDFAIL_TIMEOUT=N

Set N to the desired timeout in case of a previously failed boot
Update Grub: sudo update-grub