Diferrence between Uxterm, Xterm and terminal?

If the emulator does not start with a "#" as a prompt it is not a root session.

It probably is also not possible to use an emulator out of the box that starts with a root session unless you (after installing) manually set it up to start with a root session. It somehow must have your admin password and that can only be issued manually (or by the system but that needs altering the sudoers file also by you).

So any emulator will be as safe as any other emulator.

In general:

Ubuntu is out of the box as secure as possible. So a method from an application to directly use root would not be allowed to be included in the repositories I would assume. A root session would not be the Ubuntu way. We use sudo.


You have added the PPAs which are not supported for your Ubuntu release.
So you need to remove this PPAs first:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:jonathonf/python-3.6
sudo ppa-purge ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:tista/adapta

then update package lists and install updates with:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

and you are done.

Please note that your system already have Python2 and Python3 installed. They are available as python2 and python3.

Documentation (man-pages) for commands used:

apt-get
ppa-purge
add-apt-repository


What does the first character of UNIX mode string indicate?

It means that the file is a character special file - basically a device file that provides serial access (as opposed to a block special device such as a disk drive). For example terminals and serial devices are interfaced through character special files (/dev/tty1, /dev/ttyS0 and so on).

For a brief introduction to device files, see Linux / UNIX: Device files [cyberciti.biz]. For a more detailed discussion see this stackexchange answer Understanding /dev and its subdirs and files. To learn about the underlying data structures refer to Chapter 4 of The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide: Character Device Files [tldp.org]


Ubuntu 18.04 Connect to Xserver from remote

If connected via SSH, try adding DISPLAY=:0 first, before desired command.
DISPLAY=:0 command-to-run
It should open a program on first display in Ubuntu.


If you've been experimenting with Ethereum clients on your system it might be a part of Parity Wallet. If you can verify that Parity Wallet is what you have installed, it's safe to uninstall as it's not a part of your system. Depending on how it was installed, Parity might be running as a snap.

You can try the following to uninstall it if it's running as a snap:

sudo snap remove parity or sudo snap remove parity --edge

If it's a deb then try this:

sudo apt purge parity

Edit: Removed note because now we know that's what was installed


How to completely remove DropBox daemon?

You will need to delete the files unpacked from the tar archive into $HOME. They'll probably be in a single directory, though that depends on how Dropbox made the tar file. Either way, they'll all be in your $HOME directory.

However, executing the daemon may have created some config files or other odds and ends. Your might run a find $HOME -iname *dropbox* and see if anything turns up. (Sounds like it may create a ~/.dropbox and a ~/.dropbox-dist)


Fixed.

I am using a laptop with NVIDIA Optimus with HDMI output apparently wired to the NVIDIA card, but not to the Intel card.

My system had drivers both for Intel and NVIDIA cards.

After I uninstalled with purge Intel drivers (along with bumblebee stuff), I was able to prime-switch to the NVIDIA card. After two reboots HDMI output reappeared.


Nvidia drivers reset after update and now monitor is "unknown" and stuck in 640x480

I had a similar problem when I upgraded to Ubuntu 20.04. You need the correct nvidia driver installed.
If you don't already have aptitude installed, you can install it with "sudo apt install aptitude".
My solution was to use the the command "sudo aptitude install libgl1". Which is for the decencies. It will then offer you a solution to accept. Accept it and try to install the nvidia driver manually with "sudo apt install nvidia-driver-460". If that doesn't work, run "sudo aptitude install libgl1" again and do not accept the first solution and try the second one. Repeat until you find one that works. Mine ended up being to downgrade the packages then install.
You can also try completing uninstall the nvidia drivers using "sudo apt remove --purge '^nvidia-.*'" or "sudo nvidia-uninstall". Then try installing ubuntu-desktop with "sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop" or using "sudo ubuntu-drivers-autoinstall"


Problem booting from external SSD because Lenovo laptop not allowing dual-boot into anything other than Windows

Have you configured your BIOS settings to change the order of precedence for hard disk drives? Usually you should be able to use a function key such as F2 or F4 etc to access your BIOS menu at startup and change boot parameters

You can usually do a quick google search such as: lenovo laptop edit bios settings

Once you find the proper function key:

Restart your laptop
Hold the function key immediately at startup
Look for boot or hard drive options, move your HDD to the fist spot on the list
Save changes, restart and it should be working


I found the problem, somehow su directive got removed from /etc/logrotate.conf, so needed to add:

# use the syslog group by default, since this is the owning group
# of /var/log/syslog.
su root syslog


How to fix high PCI adapter temperature?

When it comes to temperatures there are usually very few sensors in your computer - it'e either the CPU, the Hard Drive or the Motherboard (the chipset or, sometimes the video chip). A PCI is just the interface by which any of these components are connecting, so it could be either one of them. Try to intall a program called sensors to find out which one of them is causing the overheating - it will most likely be the CPU.

sudo apt-get install sensors

There are other programs that will allow you to scan and monitor the temperature of various components, but you have to figure out which part is causing the overheating - xsensors, computertemp, fancontrol, etc. - you can find them and install them from Ubuntu Software Center.

Some drivers can make your components run beyond their regular idle speed and cause overheating, but it could also be at the hardware level. Let me know when you find out.


What is the difference between standard syntax and BSD syntax?

This dates back to the somewhat tortuous history of Unix (Wikipedia has a simplified diagram, which is far from complete). In particular, for a while, there were two major currents: System V developed by AT&T, and BSD developed at the University of California, Berkeley. This was around the early 1980s, long before Linux (1991), let alone Ubuntu (2004). Often these two currents made different decisions, and even today you'll find the occasional reference to “System V” and “BSD” variants or features.

The ps command dates back from one of the first releases of Unix (it wasn't in version 1, the earliest man page I can find online is from version 5 (p.94) in 1974). At the time, ps just had a few options, for example ps a would display all processes instead of just the user's, and ps x would display processes with no terminal attached. You'll note that the options don't start with -: at the time, the convention of using - for options wasn't near-systematic like it is today, it was mostly a thing for commands that took file names as normal arguments.

Over time, the various strands of Unix extended ps with many more options. The BSD variant chose to retain the original syntax, with no leading -, and a and x still exist today. The System V variant chose to adopt the syntactic convention of - for options, and used different letters (for example ps -e to display all processes). Oracle (formerly Sun) Solaris is an example of a System V variant (Solaris also ships a separate ps executable, in a directory which is not on the default PATH, for applications written with BSD in mind).

At the time Linux came onto the scene, the people who used it would often have prior experience of one Unix variant or another. Linux sometimes did things the System V way, sometimes the BSD way, sometimes its own way, either based on technical considerations or based on the experience and tastes of whoever implemented the feature. Linux's ps command started out with BSD-like options, e.g. ps ae to display all processes and include environment variables in the listing. Over time (in the late 1990s, I don't remember exactly when), the authors of Linux's ps added options for people who were used to System V. So today either ps ax or ps -e will list all processes under Linux, and there is even an environment variable (PS_PERSONALITY) to make ps behave more like various Unix old Unix variants, for the sake of old scripts and people with set habits.

People who used several Unix variants didn't like that they'd have to modify their programs and their habits when switching from one Unix variant to another. So there was an effort to standardize a subset of functionality. This led to the POSIX standard (led by the IEEE), which Ubuntu by and large follows. The first edition whose scope included the ps command came out in 1992; this one isn't available online, but the 1997 edition is. For the ps command, like in many other cases, POSIX adopted the System V way of doing things.

The ps command's standard syntax is one that is compatible with both System V and POSIX. In addition, that syntax can be said to be standard because it uses - to introduce options by default. Some options exist only in one of the two syntaxes; fortunately they can be mixed in the same call.

Generally speaking, “BSD” vs “System V” doesn't have any technical implication. It refers to history: “BSD” is whatever choice BSD made in the 1980s and thereabouts, “System V” is whatever choice AT&T and their partners (especially Sun) made. “POSIX” is whatever choice the IEEE standardization committee made.


Today many people are having this problem in Ubuntu, after an upgrade it seems that Network Manager is crashing. I solved it with this tutorial

Last upgrade crashes network manager (no internet connection, no applet)

Hope it helps


Remove old emblems from previous Nautilus version

Finally, to solve my problem, I erased all files from the folder :

~/.local/shared/gvfs-metadata

Cf. https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gvfs/+question/93098


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS - RT3290 - WIFI Working, Bluetooth Not Working

Have you installed the Blueman and audio control from the store.

Those will help to scan, pair, connect headset and audio sink set up bluetooth and you can connect.


It's called workspaces and if you're running plain old vanilla Ubuntu with Unity, go the to gear icon in the top left of your screen:

then go to:

System Settings
Appearance
the Behaviour tab
Enable Workspaces

and then press the workspace switcher icon:

and be amazed:

Note: Pressing Super+S¹ accomplishes the same thing.

¹Super+S is aka Windows+S


The Adobe Flash Projector for Linux is poor and doesn't build very easily or work in 14.04+.

The easiest solution is to install wine, download the Adobe Flash Projector for Windows, open it, and then run the SWF file within that.  (Run the projector executable after downloading it, then open the SWF you want to play.  If it needs internet connectivity, it might not work 100% as expected, though.)


Move the old configuration directory out of the way, and it'll get reset. Of course, to take effect, you'll have to restart the panel.

mv ~/.gconf/apps/panel ~/gnome-panel-backup
gnome-panel --replace &


How can I install google-chrome-stable on Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS?

Ok first of all update Ubuntu's software repositories by using the command after opening the terminal

  sudo apt-get update

After that download the .deb file of google chrome from here

  https://www.google.com/intl/en-US/chrome/browser/desktop/index.html

After that just double click the downloaded file it should open the Ubuntu software Center and the installation will take place.

I think it should work.Try it once..:)
After the installation you can open google chrome using the command in terminal

  google-chrome-stable


Check if Ubuntu is being installed on VM

You can use virt-what to detect whether you are running on bare-metal or some hypervisor.


Downgrade form php5 5.3.10 to php5 5.3.2 in ubuntu 12.04

First make sure that you remove any php reference.  Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below.

To remove package and config files

sudo apt-get --purge remove <Package Name>

To remove unused dependencies and config files

sudo apt-get --purge autoremove

Download php5 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.2 from Here.  Once downloaded, navigate to the folder where the file was saved, probably Downloads, and run the following command:

sudo dpkg -i < package name>

Or use GDebi.  To install it press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal.  When it opens, run the command below:

sudo apt-get install gdebi

Or click below

Once you have installed GDebi, use the File Browser to find the package you wish to install, and double click on it.


If BIOS is not detecting the device, then it is a pure hardware issue irrespective of OS. lspci is not detecting your hardware. So yes, most probably it is broken.


Unable to find the Windows "Desktop" folder from within WSL

Method 1: From Windows Desktop

Hold down the Shift key and right-click anywhere in Windows Desktop
Select Open Linux shell here

You should see the exact location of your Windows Desktop as represented in the WSL. In my case it was in /mnt/c/Users/my_username/Desktop.
Method 2: From terminal

Open a Ubuntu terminal using wsl.exe
Enter ls /mnt/c/Users/ to get a list of users and find your user name. The folder may be called "my username" or my_username.

Note, it may take a while for the list of files and folders to show up after you hit enter.

Enter cd /mnt/c/Users/'my username'/Desktop to navigate to the desktop.

Hope this helps


First, the usual permission bits for the /tmp directory are 1777. The leading 1 indicates that the directory's sticky bit has been set, which means that although multiple users may write to the directory, they retain ownership of any files written there so that only they (or root) may delete them. Hence without sudo you will only be able to delete your own files from /tmp. As well, some files in /tmp may be open and/or locked by other processes and you should not attempt to delete them unless you know the locks are 'stale' - you can check for open files with lsof e.g.

$ sudo lsof +d /tmp

to see any open files at the top level of the directory, or

$ sudo lsof +D /tmp

to show open files anywhere in /tmp and its subdirectories - see the OUTPUT section of the lsof manpages man lsof for an explanation of what the various columns mean.

The second issue you are likely facing is that although commands like rm can take multiple filename arguments (including expanded wildcards or shell globs), there is a limit to the allowed length of the argument list. For example, if we create 100,000 files in /tmp

# touch /tmp/file{000000..099999}
# ls /tmp/file* | wc -l
100000

(so far so good) but if we add a further 100,000 files, the expanded shell glob (i.e. the list of files to be deleted) becomes too long for the ls command line

# touch /tmp/file{100000..199999}
# ls /tmp/file* | wc -l
-bash: /bin/ls: Argument list too long
0

and similarly we can't delete in one go with rm

# rm -f /tmp/file*
-bash: /bin/rm: Argument list too long

The solution is to break down the wildcard list into manageable subsets - you did that manually, but it is possible to do it automatically using the xargs command e.g.

# echo /tmp/file* | xargs rm -f

You could also have used the find command with a -exec or -execdir action and the {} + argument replacement syntax - from man find

-exec command {} +
              This  variant  of the -exec action runs the specified command on
              the selected files, but the command line is built  by  appending
              each  selected file name at the end; the total number of invoca-
              tions of the command will  be  much  less  than  the  number  of
              matched  files.   The command line is built in much the same way
              that xargs builds its command lines.  Only one instance of  `{}'
              is  allowed  within the command.  The command is executed in the
              starting directory.

for example

# find /tmp -maxdepth 1 -name 'file*' -type f -exec rm -f {} +

although the xargs version will likely be faster if you only need to delete from the top level of /tmp (i.e. not from any subdirectories).

If the directory continues to fill up you should really investigate which users / processes are creating the files and why. If you changed /tmp's permissions you should reset them to 1777.


How to set up multiple Tomcat instances?

Have you considered configuring several webapps directories instead of running multiple tomcat instances?

Of course there are cases where you really need multiple instances but in case of serving same application separately for multiple hosts, you may do it by adding multiple  declarations in server.xml:

  <Host name="host1.example.com" appBase="host1"
    unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"
    xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false" />

  <Host name="host2.example.com" appBase="host2"
    unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"
    xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false" />

Now you may create "/var/lib/tomcat6/host1" and "/var/lib/tomcat6/host2" directories and deploy WAR files to them.


It does appear that the power failure has corrupted your main partition /dev/sda1. It's fortunate you have a separate /home partition, as your data should be okay.

You can start by running fsck on  /dev/sda1. Boot from your live CD/USB and run:

sudo fsck /dev/sda1

Additional information

You can supply options to fsck to force checking even if the filesystem appears clean, respond Y to repair requests automatically, and specify verbose output, or all of these, for example:

sudo fsck -fyv /dev/sda1


Do I need to upgrade only the RAM for making Ubuntu's virtual machine quick and smooth as OS X at the same time?

You probably don't need to upgrade any hardware in order to comfortably run a virtual instance of Ubuntu on that, but more RAM is never a bad thing.


Probably it is installed in /opt you need root permissions to modify it, So chown the directory or use gksu nautilus to modify it


If there is no system in the file names, allowing you to move parts of the files using wildcards, then I would be using the bash text tools to create a list of the files in a text file:
ls > filelist.txt

then split it in different parts, then for each part use sed to edit each line so it constitutes a move command, e.g.
filename.mp3

becomes
mv "filename.mp3" targetdir

These text files can then be sourced at the command line to automatically execute each and every command to move a file to a different folder. If for example such text file is called "part_1", then you can source that file as:
. part_1

or
source part_1

Alternatively, you can make such file containing valid commands executable, and execute it. Preferably then, you add a shebang (#!/bin/bash) as the first line of the file.


Enable headers Module

sudo ln -sf /etc/apache2/mods-available/headers.load /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/headers.load

Restarting Apache

sudo service apache2 restart


What should I do to use Ubuntu One with different languages on different computers?

Currently there is no way to do this, and the folders will have the same name in both devices.

One partial workaround could be to create a "Musique" symlink pointing at "Music" in the french-localized machine, and then you would have both "Music" and "Musique" there.


OpenVPN Set Up with RapidSSL Certificate

you can remove the password from the key file with

openssl rsa -in key_with_passwd.pem -out key_without_passwd.pem


What are the alternatives to Network Manager for wireless?

I know of wicd, but it feels ugly.

Latest version is 1.7.4, released on 2016-01-25.


Ubuntu 16.04 - system boot waits saying "Raise network interfaces"

It seems someone was paranoid about a client not getting it's DHCP in time.

Edit this file /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf and set timeout to a reasonable value, like

timeout 15

The default value of 300 seconds is way too high. The suggested replacement value of 15 was tested and works fine.


1) Connect computer via Ethernet

2) run sudo apt-get update in terminal

3) restart the computer

4) run sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade in terminal

5) restart computer

Did this fix the problem?


I would download all attachments together and view them with an image viewer like Gwenview. Right click on the email in the list and select download attachments. This feature is not available in an opened email, you must right click the email in the list of emails.


invalid syntax changing python file permission with chmod +x

This command is an sh command. Type exit() to exit python and then you can type chmod +x let.py


Can I use Ubuntu to write a Windows 7 ISO to USB?

Method 1

Using gparted format the drive FAT16, set the boot flag.

Using Archive Manager extract the iso to the drive.

(or just copy the DVD to the drive).

That's it.

works for me

Method 2

To create your bootable installer disc, select an ISO image or CD/DVD disc, and click Install

This will create your Windows Vista/7 installer USB. It is worth mentioning here that the tool might also work with Windows 8; however, it has not been tested. Having said that, the developer has mentioned that the supported images include, “Windows Vista, Seven+.” You can install WinUSB either from the Deb package given at the developer’s website (for Oneiric, Natty, Maverick and Lucid), or from the PPA given below.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:colingille/freshlight
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install winusb

Since WinUSB also works from the command line, you can create a Windows 7 or Windows Vista USB installer by following the command line format given below

sudo winusb --format <iso path> <device>

Once the USB is formatted using the above method, install a Windows partition and edit the Master Boot Record:

sudo winusb --install <iso path> <partition>


How do you turn on the customizable gnome-panel features (like gnome-applets) in Precise?

You cannot get exactly what you had on 10.04 in 12.04 as they use different desktop environments i.e. GNOME3 and GNOME2. There are some modifications available to gnome-fallback mode in 12.04 and you can access it by Alt+right click . Other than that you can use indicators. AFAIK you cannot modify the positions of indicators but you may find the previous applets you were using to be indicators.

What Application Indicators are available?

Also look here for some more customization option to gnome classic session.

How to customize the gnome classic panel

OMGUbuntu blog post regarding gnome classic session


First about getting information about the packages.
You can search the package name on the site launchpad.net to search for the functionality of some package is you are interested.
For your reference, the following link is for the package you have mentioned:

libpoe_perl on launchpad

Similarly all packages have such details.

Second, for the question of suggestion, recommendation. This comes from the origins of Ubuntu i.e. Debian. The Debian FAQ (Debian FAQ on dependencies, etc...) gives details as following. (probably these principles come as such in Ubuntu.)

  The Debian package system has a range of package "dependencies" which
  are designed to indicate (in a single flag) the level at which Program
  A can operate independently of the existence of Program B on a given
  system:

  Package A depends on Package B if B absolutely must be installed in
  order to run A. In some cases, A depends not only on B, but on a
  version of B. In this case, the version dependency is usually a lower
  limit, in the sense that A depends on any version of B more recent
  than some specified version.

  Package A recommends Package B, if the package maintainer judges that
  most users would not want A without also having the functionality
  provided by B.

  Package A suggests Package B if B contains files that are related to
  (and usually enhance) the functionality of A.

  Package A conflicts with Package B when A will not operate if B is
  installed on the system. Most often, conflicts are cases where A
  contains files which are an improvement over those in B. "Conflicts"
  are often combined with "replaces".

  Package A replaces Package B when files installed by B are removed and
  (in some cases) over-written by files in A.

  Package A breaks Package B when both packages cannot be simultaneously
  configured in a system. The package management system will refuse to
  install one if the other one is already installed and configured in
  the system.

  Package A provides Package B when all of the files and functionality
  of B are incorporated into A. This mechanism provides a way for users
  with constrained disk space to get only that part of package A which
  they really need.

Usually for suggested packages, the package developer/maintainer judges (probably based on statistics of usage and added features ) that most users would not want some package A without also having the functionality provided by some package B. In such cases suggested packages show up.


Where are unsaved files in notepad++ stored?

My guess would be somewhere below ~/.local or maybe ~/.cache.
I'd try a find for files in the home directory that have changed during the last 3 days (or whenever you used it last):
find ~ -mtime -3

Or maybe start first with ~/.local to avoid dozens of web browser cache files scrolling by:
find ~/.local -mtime -3


First you need to check if live USB you created is working fine or not. If its working fine then go to below.

If you can not select boot device from F9 then use Esc->Bios setting option and change the Boot order permanently(You can change it back again to harddisk). Keep Boot from flash drive to first. Then you no need to press EscorF9 it will directly boot into flash drive.


To start the program, you can just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

/opt/springseed/springseed-bin

Or you can create a shortcut on the desktop to start the application from.  Just do gksu gedit springseed.desktop, when it opens copy and paste the below info into the file, and then save it on the desktop as springseed.destop

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=SpringSeed
Comment=
Exec=/opt/springseed/springseed-bin
Path=/opt/springseed/
Icon=/usr/share/icons/<pick-an-icon>
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;

Note: You may have to do gksu nautilus to edit the properties.

note you might need to install gksu with:

sudo apt-get install gksu


Deleted Linux Partition , Stuck on grub rescue , Cannot load any OS

It sounds like the Windows bootloader got hosed.  I know Windows used to have a "Rescue" mode that would effectively reinstall Windows files over themselves.

Your #2 error does sound like RAM... the Ubuntu disk should have a memtest option.  You can download and burn a memtest ISO if you don't have it and want it faster than downloading a whole 'nother live CD.


Apache - Allow access to user home directories

Alright, so after continuing to struggle with it, I finally came across a solution that works for me.

Here is what I did:
Let's say I had created a new user called dummy with his home folder located at /home/dummy and a folder dedicated for his web-presentation located at /home/dummy/www.

Use sudo chgrp -R www-data /home/dummy/www to change the group of the www directory and all it's content to www-data (Apache's default user for web access.).
Use sudo chmod -R g+wrxs /home/dummy/www to give the group www-data write,read and execute permission to the specified directory and it's content. The important thing here is the s part. This ensures that the group (www-data) takes over ownership over any file created inside the directory with the s parameter.

No need to add the user dummy to any groups at all.

Hope this helps if anyone encounters the same problem as me in the future.

EDIT: After some additional testing, this alone seems not to be enough. Apart from the two steps mentioned above, you also need to explicitly tell wordpress how to work with files by adding define('FS_METHOD', 'direct'); to the wordpress configuration file.

Also, for a more strict permission set-up, please see Step 5 in DigitalOcean's How To Install WordPress with LAMP on Ubuntu guide.


How do I find out on which partition is my Windows?

This comment by Mochan seems to answer the question:

  Leave the unknown partition alone. If it's not broken, don't try to fix it. There is no doubt that the ext4 partition belongs to Linux, and the NTFS partitions belong to Windows. Deleting the ext4 partition should not affect any of the other partitions, the unknown partition included. If you're getting this information from the LiveCD install set up, try using the 'Try' option and install GParted to take a closer look at your partitions.


Wubi after upgrading Windows 7 to Windows 8

It shouldn't be lost, provided you don't format over your drive. It will probably also honour the entries in the Windows Boot Manager (BCD store) But that's something you need to check with Windows 8 upgrade documentation - if it doesn't you could always add it back manually.

However, if you care about your Ubuntu install, then it's advisable to back it up. You should do this anyway, because Wubi installs can get corrupted more easily than a normal install. What you should do is backup the entire \ubuntu\disks directory. This contains the main file, root.disk, the virtual disk and swap.disk and then some empty subdirectories (unimportant). In some installs there may be other virtual disks e.g. home.disk, usr.disk, but normally there're just the two.

If you back these up it's easy to restore the install even if the upgrade fails.

Windows 8 works fine with Wubi - provided you don't enable hybrid sleep (not enabled by default). Fast start (which is enabled) is okay with Wubi.

Backing up a Wubi install

You can just copy the \ubuntu\disk directory or the separate .disk files to an external drive. Wubi installs Ubuntu onto virtual disks that are mounted as loop devices, but are just physical files on the host NTFS or FAT32 (Windows) "drives". So backing them up is as simple as copying the files to an external drive.

This isn't the most efficient way to back up a Wubi install since you're also copying the  free space on the virtual disk, plus all the general OS files, packages, cache that you wouldn't normally backup. But the simplicity makes up for that.

If you need to restore from the backup you can just replace the .disk files from your backup. This is also convenient when attempting upgrades or if you want to just play around with some things and are worried you won't be able to undo it later.

You can even reinstall the same release of Wubi and then replace the new .disk files with the backups, but they either have to be on the same partition, or else you need to do a bit of manual grub booting the first time. See this for details: moved ubuntu folder from C: to D: drive how to correct UUID entries

Data backups

It's also a good idea to maintain separate data backups which can be done as for a normal install, just focusing on personal data and settings. I prefer to use Ubuntu One to keep all data fully sychronized, and with data that doesn't have to be on the virtual disks, e.g. jpegs and mp3s etc., I store these on the /host partition or another mounted partition. This is the safest way to use Wubi, as there seem to be many cases of filesystem corruption that can lead to a full loss of the install.


How do I change the indicator menu labels?

You'll have to create a custom translation, or edit the code (which will break existing translations), to change the string.

The code that creates these menu items is here


Please tell me more details, and I will try to solve your problem, to help you use mkusb and if you have found a bug, to fix that bug.

First, check the points described in the answer by @ubfan1.

Second, please tell us more about your system:

Which version of Ubuntu did you try to install (only 16.10 or some other version)?
'recently i burned a copy of quebes with mkusb': I guess you mean Qubes.
In what computers did you test (brand name and model)?
Do those computers boot in BIOS or UEFI mode?
What graphics and wifi chips/cards were there is those computers? (Some chips/cards need boot options and/or proprietary drivers.)

Ubuntu 16.10 32-bit: It works for me to create a persistent live drive from the iso file ubuntu-16.10-desktop-i386.iso.

In order to make a 32-bit system boot also in UEFI mode, you need usb-pack-efi, so please install it into the system, where you have mkusb,

sudo apt-get install usb-pack-efi

If you are running an installed system in UEFI mode, it will be possible but difficult to install grub-pc, which is necessary to make a USB pendrive bootable in BIOS mode. A work-around is to create a live help system, that you install into a separate USB drive, for example according to the following links,

mkusb/persistent#Compressed_image_file_with_a_persistent_live_system

mkusb/persistent#Small_9w_systems_with_guidus_alias_mkusb-dus_and_gparted_installed

Qubes: It works for me to clone from the iso file Qubes-R3.2-x86_64.iso to a USB pendrive and use that pendrive to install Qubes.

Notice that mkusb can clone most linux iso files to bootable live-only USB drives, but can only create persistent live drives from Ubuntu (all flavours and current versions) and Debian Jessie and a few linux distros derived from them (for example Linux Mint, LXLE and ToriOS). Furthermore, the Qubes iso file is [an image of] an installer, not a live system.


I'm trying to change the spelling dictionary of Texmaker, but I can't find the directory where the dictionaries are stored

my friend, before anything else I warn you that I am new to all this, so I do not understand everything ... but I had exactly the same problem as you and I was able to solve it!

What I did was use Synaptic, and download the myspell-es package.
  After that the myspell-es package appears as installed (in green) in Synaptic.
 Then I right click on the package, and opened properties, there several tabs and I went to the tab "installed files", Here are the directories where the files were installed, for example: "/usr/share/hunspell/es_AR.dic" (Which was the one I used for texmaker and it worked!)

I hope to have been understandable, lucky!


Convert old AVI files to a modern format

For easy transcoding arista  can be used.

Like totem it uses gstreamer as backend and so should be able to read your files.


How to setup an open (No Password) Wi-Fi Hotspot in Ubuntu

once you have activated Hotspot..

run the command nm-connection-editor

and edit the values like below for Wi-Fi Security tab == > Security = None


Ubuntu does not ship XVMC and VDPAU drivers Mesa required for Radeon VDPAU by default. However, you can get VDPAU for Radeon working easily, simply by installing only the libg3dvl-mesa package for your architecture from Oibaf PPA. You don't even have to upgrade to the latest Mesa from the PPA or recompile it. Here are the download links

Recently the graphics drivers from Oibaf PPA work brilliant, however I still prefer stock packaged Ubuntu drivers for stability and for keeping my system minimalistic

After you revert from Mesa 10 to stock 9.2.1 Mesa, you can simply do the following :

1) Download and install the deb depending on your architecture

32 bit
64 bit

2) sudo apt-get install libvdpau1 vdpauinfo

3) Reboot.


You can use wget to download from commandline:

For Python3:

32 bits version:

wget https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2020.02-Linux-x86.sh

64 bits version

wget https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2020.02-Linux-x86_64.sh

And after download is finished do:

32 bits:

bash Anaconda3-2020.02-Linux-x86.sh

64 bits:

bash Anaconda3-2020.02-Linux-x86_64.sh

For users using Python2, the "3" directly after Anaconda should be changed to a 2.

Source: https://conda.io/docs/user-guide/install/linux.html


Try this “automagic” script: sakis3g. No need to install anything, just run the script; it will guide you through menus.

After you make it work, you can create a small script calling the sakis3g-script having set up some environment variables for your convenience. Here follows mine:

export BAUD=MAX MODEM=1bbb:0000 APN=3g-internet SIM_PIN=1234
(sakis3g-script helper&)&

The $MODEM is the vendor-id:product-id code so I don't have to select it everytime I start the sakis3g-script; $APN is your provider's suggested login name; the SIM_PIN is rather obvious.

See also that question in SuperUser.


How do I change graphics drivers in 13.10?

It's now under All Settings > System > Software & Updates > Additional Drivers


It's entirely possible to add themes to Do, but it does require coding, although it's pretty simple.  It'd be technically feasible to write a theme which loaded SVGs, which could then provide easily-installable themes.

I'm not particularly interested in doing that in the immediate future - I find the existing themes sufficient, and there are problems I'm more interested in fixing - but I'd be happy to review a merge request.  To do that, you'd make a branch of Do's source code, make your changes, push that branch up to launchpad, and then request a merge into trunk with bzr lp-propose lp:do.

You're welcome to hop on to #gnome-do on freenode, too.  It's fairly quiet, so if you ask a question don't be surprised if it takes a while for someone to get back to you :).

Do's not dead - I've made two releases this year already, and have some core enhancements nearly ready to merge.


It was the export TERM=screen-256color line in the .zshrc I added while trying to configure vim and tmux colours. In the oh-my-zsh's script termsupport.sh it's setting up a tab and window name depending on the TERM variable and for some reason didn't do that properly with this setting.


CTRL + C for copy paste if something is marked AND interrupting commands

You cannot have Ctrl+c both acting as a shortcut to copy, and act as the interrupt symbol for terminal commands. Use Ctrl+Shift+c to copy a highlighted section from the terminal instead.


Windows Application with .NET through PlayOnLinux on Ubuntu 12.04 64bit | Beginner needs help!

It looks like there is a bug report for this on the WineHQ bug tracker. While wine can run many Windows Applications, it can not run everything yet. It may still be awhile until you can run Achieve Planner on linux. I recommend that you dual boot Windows or run Windows in a Virtual Machine until then.


I'm sure that system libclang and clangd are version 8.0.0 or higher in Ubuntu 18.04.

clangd is provided by clang-tools-8 from the universe repository in Ubuntu 18.04. Clang 8 and libclang are provided by clang-8 and libclang1-8 oackages in Ubuntu 18.04. To install all of these packages open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install clang-8 libclang1-8 clang-tools-8

I also found the official binaries from llvm.org which is a 325 MB file named clang+llvm-8.0.0-x86_64-linux-gnu-ubuntu-18.04.tar.gz. This contains the upsteam compiled binaries that are mentioned in the README file of YouCompleteMe. Manually downloading and installing 325 MB of files seems like a lot of work to me just to install a code-completion engine for Vim which is only a 1,152 kB download and 2,852 kB installed for vim itself, so I would try installing YouCompleteMe with the Ubuntu repository packages first and check if using system packages breaks anything in YouCompleteMe.


Mounting devices fails, left at initramfs on boot

Something that called the mount command passed an invalid argument when it tried to mount your primary root filesystem...This could be due to a lot of reasons...but first what's the content of your fstab?

If you need to boot into your OS immediately... you can try

mount -t (YOUR_FS_TYPE) /dev/disc/by-uud/08782e-c42e-b26f-dd0b51c13446 /root
# and then
exit

and see what happens, then run

update-initramfs

when you've booted into Ubuntu to see if it goes away.


Finally I have been able to find the cause of the problem.

My laptop model is Lenovo B50. Its ethernet card is r8168. However lenovo provides drivers for r8168 for Ubuntu which works only upto Ubuntu 12.04 and I have Ubuntu 16.04. As such not only my dvd drive but also ether port is not working, quite frustrating. Now my only option is to use external usb dvd drive and wifi internet.


Cannot generate initramfs supports encrypted root

I had a similar issues just recently.
My is advice is re-install the OS and since you have your previous install, only copy what is needed, say files etc leave out the drivers. I would do away with the total encryption too as I was advised to. Things go fine with any new updates


Pressing Left and Right shifts simultaneously changes the keyboard layout in Ubuntu 18.04

I just stumbled upon this and not sure if this still is a problem for you but I figured out that having chosen Alt+Shift as a layout-change combination in gnome-tweaks was indeed responsible for the double shift change as well (turning it off stopped the behavior.) I however scrolled down a bit further and saw a separate key combination option - Left Alt + Left Shift. This one solved it [:


How do I find what is trying to use upstart on my system?

check to see if anacron is installed with dpkg -s anacron (it probably isn't)
If it isn't, go ahead and rm /etc/cron.d/anacron

From steeldriver  in the comments


Ubuntu 18.04 - Pulseaudio started & loaded twice - 2 PIDs accessing sound card - Need help to troubleshoot pls

Solved.

Got the process who started the first instance of pulseaudio by running systemctl status on the pulseaudio pid.

systemctl status 2328

It turned out that the process was getting started by the mpd daemon. I don't use mpd so I didn't bother trying to set it up in a way that it doesn't spawn a pulseaudio process at boot. I just removed mpd.

This effectively got rid of the first instance of pulseaudio and solved the issues with the sound.


Compiz "screen edge bindings actions" like but without Compiz

You can use xinput --query-state $XID or xdotool getmouselocation to get the mouse position. The badass feature of xdotool getmouselocation is its --shell option, with that and eval you can assign the values to variables without the need to cut any output in pieces, for example:

$ eval $(xdotool getmouselocation --shell)
$ echo $X, $Y
604, 778

With that we can build a while loop that constantly tests for the desired value, e.g.:

while :;
do
  eval $(xdotool getmouselocation --shell)
  (( $X <= 20 )) && break
  sleep .1
done

This will run until $X is 20 or less and test every 100 milliseconds. I recommend to build a script for your exact situation out of that, something like this:

#!/bin/bash

id=9 # device XID, run xinput without any option to get a list of devices and their IDs
interval=.01 # sleep interval between tests in seconds

# edge areas
# to display the current mouse coordinates run xdotool getmouselocation
# syntax: x_min x_max y_min y_max
e1=(200 1079 0 20)
e2=(1259 1279 200 823)
e3=(200 1079 1003 1023)
e4=(0 20 200 823)

while :; do
  eval $(xdotool getmouselocation --shell)
  if ( [ ${#e1[@]} -ne 0 ] && (( $X >= ${e1[0]} && $X <= ${e1[1]} && $Y >= ${e1[2]} && $Y <= ${e1[3]} )) ); then
    # your commands for edge area e1
    echo "Your mouse was detected inside the monitored area no. 1 at $X, $Y."
    sleep 2
  fi
  if ( [ ${#e2[@]} -ne 0 ] && (( $X >= ${e2[0]} && $X <= ${e2[1]} && $Y >= ${e2[2]} && $Y <= ${e2[3]} )) ); then
    # your commands for edge area e2
    echo "Your mouse was detected inside the monitored area no. 2 at $X, $Y."
    sleep 2
  fi
  if ( [ ${#e3[@]} -ne 0 ] && (( $X >= ${e3[0]} && $X <= ${e3[1]} && $Y >= ${e3[2]} && $Y <= ${e3[3]} )) ); then
    # your commands for edge area e3
    echo "Your mouse was detected inside the monitored area no. 3 at $X, $Y."
    sleep 2
  fi
  if ( [ ${#e4[@]} -ne 0 ] && (( $X >= ${e4[0]} && $X <= ${e4[1]} && $Y >= ${e4[2]} && $Y <= ${e4[3]} )) ); then
    # your commands for edge area e4
    echo "Your mouse was detected inside the monitored area no. 4 at $X, $Y."
    sleep 2
  fi
  sleep $interval
done

I created some edge areas as examples, those start and end 200px from the corners and cover the area within 20px from the edge for my 1279x1023px screen – you'll need to adjust them to your needs. If you need less areas just delete or comment the others. The commands you want to execute go in the if clauses inside the while function. To prevent multiple calls when you leave the mouse inside the edge area you may use sleep, break or just test whether the command in question already runs.


How to install HP Laserjet Professional M1136 Printer on Ubuntu 16.02

If you're using Unity (which is the default GUI), you can do this:

Press Super and search for System Settings.
Navigate to Printers and click "Add".
Click and follow the onscreen instructions. Many HP printers can be detected out of the box. My HP deskjet 4515 was detected very easily.

Also try HP's support site and looking for ppd files. These can hold the config settings that are required to support the printer. HP has usually had good support for Linux.


Mysql query browser or any Mysql gui tool in Ubuntu

emma is an lighter alternative to MySQL Workbench. Reasonably capable with the ability to add databases, tables, execute queries, save query results. You can find in the Ubuntu Software Center, or install it through Terminal with sudo apt-get install emma


Yes, you can upload your files using SFTP (FTP over SSH). You can log in with the same credentials as you're using for SSH.

But I wouldn't enable remote logins for root on your server. The root user can do anything on your server so if you get hacked while remote root logins are enabled anything can happen.

I suggest you just set a password for the www-data user (this is the user that runs Apache2, set a password using passwd www-data) and make www-data the owner of /var/www (chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www).

Now log in with the www-data user and the password you just set (I recommend you to use SFTP instead of FTP as it's more secure) and you should be able to upload your files to /var/www.

Note: You can use a plugin for Eclipse to automatically sync your files with your server using SFTP.


The method you described where you access the local directory is the way that samba facilitates network access.

Keep in mind that in linux, everything is a file of some sort. Even your cpu and ram have "files" under /dev.


MAAS stands for "Metal as a Service". It is similar to IAAS "Infrastructure as a Service" as it allows a new machine to be provisioned. The difference is that IAAS normally refers to virtual machines, MAAS is designed to provision bare metal. This means bring a bare metal server with no operating system install to a completely working server ready for the user to deploy services on.

The documentation for MAAS can be found here: http://maas.io/

If your looking for something to deploy services, then I recommend taking a look at JuJu. JuJu allows you to easily deploy services with its charms architecture. JuJu also connects to MAAS to retrieve ready to use servers, to deploy the services on.

The documentation for JuJu can be found here: https://jujucharms.com/


How to decide which drivers for Ralink 148f:7601?

According lsusb I have the same device:

Bus 002 Device 018: ID 148f:7601 Ralink Technology, Corp.

The CD contains the following file:

DPO_MT7601U_LinuxSTA_3.0.0.4_20130913.tar.bz2

Can be downloaded from official website, too:
http://www.mediatek.com/en/downloads/mt7610u-usb/

Extract the file, enter the directory, which contains the Makefile, and run:

$ make
$ sudo make install

After these steps the device worked seamlessly. Good luck!

In the latest versions of Ubuntu (14.04) a patch is needed. This link explains what is needed:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/158032/97282


X Error of failed request: BadMatch (invalid parameter attributes) when runing Conky

Keep configuring conky (at least this worked for me):

    own_window_type desktop
    #own_window_type override
    own_window_transparent yes
    #own_window_transparent no


Owner of Transcend multimedia device changes to root, no change operations are permitted under Ubuntu

After a long search and agony, I found from here that usbmount was the offending package causing all this unnecessary trouble.

Once I uninstalled usbmount,

sudo apt-get purge usbmount

things are good again.

It appears that usbmount is not even needed in a desktop version. It is needed in a server though. And the mount-as-root feature in a server is very much applicable.

I am not sure how usbmount was installed in my machine.


You have

GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE="hidden"

in /etc/default/grub but you also have the line

GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT="0"

in /etc/default/grub.

With the first one you tell Grub to hide the menu and with the latter you tell Grub to show the menu after 0 seconds.

You should remove the line

 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT="0"

from /etc/default/grub and then run sudo update-grub.

Here the essential part from the GRUB Manual:

  ‘GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT’

  Wait this many seconds before displaying the menu. If ESC is pressed during
     that time, display the menu and wait for input according to ‘GRUB_TIMEOUT’. If >    a hotkey associated with a menu entry is pressed, boot the associated menu
     entry immediately. If the timeout expires before either of these happens,
     display the menu for the number of seconds specified in ‘GRUB_TIMEOUT’ before
     booting the default entry.

  If you set ‘GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT’, you should also set ‘GRUB_TIMEOUT=0’ so that >    the menu is not displayed at all unless ESC is pressed.

  This option is unset by default, and is deprecated in favour of the less
     confusing ‘GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=countdown’ or ‘GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden’.

Another possibility is Grub's built-in recordfail-function. Whenever a menu-entry is chosen (manually or automatically), Grub will set the variable recordfail=1 and saves it in /boot/grub/grubenv.

During boot the variable will be unset by systemd if the boot is successful, if the boot fails, the variable will remain unchanged in /boot/grub/grubenv.

Everytime time Grub starts, Grub will read /boot/grub/grubenv and checks if recordfail is set to 1. So Grub will know if the last boot succeeded or not. If the last boot wasn't successful, Grub will override your settings from /etc/default/grub to display the boot menu for 30 seconds.

You can check the content of /boot/grub/grubenv with

cat /boot/grub/grubenv


Newbie problem: Black screen from live cd; old PC

Try including nomodeset as a boot option in grub. From the main grub bootloader press 'e' to edit the boot parameters. Find where it reads:

  quiet splash

Edit to look like this:

   quiet splash nomodeset

If that does not work try without the 'quiet splash' and see if there are any errors displayed on the screen, then post back here.


Wake On Lan not working on AsRock motherboard

After countless hours of thinkering i got a solution.
Even though everything sotware-wise was enabled i needed to make a fix hardware-wise.
Looking at the motherboard manual i saw there was a jumper setting to disable EuP:
jumper setting from manual
With EuP disabled, WoL was finally available.
If after booting the network card is down (Failed to start Raise network interfaces) you need to "reset" it with this script(source) after every boot:
#!/bin/sh
# e.g. rtl_up.sh eth0

ETHDEV=$1
modprobe -r r8168
modprobe r8168 speed=100 duplex=1 autoneg=0
ethtool $ETHDEV | grep detect
ifconfig $ETHDEV up && mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD $ETHDEV
ethtool $ETHDEV | grep detect
dhclient $ETHDEV
ifconfig $ETHDEV
ethtool -s $ETHDEV wol g
exit 0

Save it in a file, make it executable and add this line in /etc/systemd/system/network-online.target.wants/networking.service after the ExecStart line:
ExecStartPost=/bin/bash /path/to/script

Reboot.


Increase icon/font size in Ubuntu 13.10 on some specific locations

Since unity uses a fix size panel, you can not make the icons larger than the actual panel


Your Boot Repair output shows no evidence of the Microsoft boot loader files on your disk; however, there are other hints that they may actually still be there. In any event, I recommend you do the following:

In Linux, back up the entire /boot/efi directory tree. A file-level backup (using cp, tar, or the like) should be adequate.
Re-run Boot Repair. Enter the Advanced menu and tell it to restore the backups it made.
Download the USB flash drive or CD-R version of rEFInd and create a boot medium with it.
Test rEFInd. You should be able to boot both Windows and Ubuntu.
If rEFInd can boot both OSes, install the Debian-package version in Ubuntu.

With any luck, this will get you booting both OSes via rEFInd from the hard disk, bypassing GRUB. If you have further problems, post back with details.


You have libcurl3-gnutls 7.43.0-1ubuntu2.1 from wily-updates installed  but your available  libcurl4-gnutls-dev is the version at wily's release, ie. 7.43.0-1ubuntu2.

So make sure in your sources that wily-security & wily-updates are enabled. If not then enable, update sources & all will be well. If they are already enabled then find a better mirror.

For reference this is the dev package you want - http://packages.ubuntu.com/wily-updates/libcurl4-gnutls-dev


i can not access windows 10 when i install ubunte 18.04

Is Windows UEFI or BIOS install? Just be sure to boot Ubuntu live installer in same boot mode and use ppa to add Boot-Repair. If still issues post link to summary report.

Further you can boot from your Ubuntu live CD/ USB and follow instructions given in link of Boot-Repair page. Follow the second option:

install Boot-Repair in Ubuntu

connect to the Internet
open a new Terminal, then type the following commands (press Enter after each line):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

And follow Recommended repair for more detail.

You can also refer to website of Boot-Repair


Lenovo Ultrabay Battery for Thinkpad W520

I don't know for W520, but I am currently using a T430s with an ultrabay battery, under Quantal (just upgraded from 12.04). I had nothing to do to make it work, the laptop will first "consume" power from ultrabay, and then switch to main battery automatically.

All that is done at the bios level, so no special support is needed from Linux / Ubuntu.

Some people want to interact with the way the batteries are used (priority, etc...), to enhance the battery lifespan essentially. To do so, you either need a special driver, or use ACPI, depending on your model and bios.
You should have a look at http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_use_UltraBay_batteries if not already done.


Upgrade Kubuntu/Ubuntu using ISO (Without fresh install)

No,
That is not advised any more...
Why?
The CD/DVD Image will not have the entire 1.1TB of Ubuntu Repository files available, so doing an upgrade from CD would give you a partially upgraded system at best.
Sorry!  :-(


How to select which account is logged in at system startup, or none?

Looks like when the installation of the Ubuntu on the machine, someone ticked "log in automatically". Since I'm using the Kubuntu, I might not help a lot but try looking more into the "User Account" or "Your Profile" or anything similar to it. Perhaps, you can change the setting there. I'm thinking about option "require password to log in" or something similar when you found the right setting....

When I'm on Kubuntu, I found this :

I really hope that you can find something similar to this, or change your machine to Kubuntu, it is pretty nice and just like windows. Hope that I'm helping you my friend.


How to enable anisotropic filtering and anti-aliasing with mupen64plus 1.99.3

I think I figured out how to configure mupen to use AA & AF. Problem is you have to configure config.cpp in the Rice Video plugin by hand. The option for multi-sampling and anisotropic filtering was already there, but set to 0. Using this guide I downloaded the HG and built it with the config altered and unaltered, but both ways I get an error running mupen64plus.

    ethan@ethans-mac:~/Emulators/N64/mupenHG/test$ ./mupen64plus --resolution 1920x1080 --windowed --verbose /home/ethan/Emulators/ROMs_ISOs_IMGs/N64/Zelda\:\ OOT/Legend\ of\ Zelda\,\ The\ -\ Ocarina\ of\ Time\ \(USA\).n64
 __  __                         __   _  _   ____  _
|  \/  |_   _ _ __   ___ _ __  / /_ | || | |  _ \| |_   _ ___
| |\/| | | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \| '_ \| || |_| |_) | | | | / __|
| |  | | |_| | |_) |  __/ | | | (_) |__   _|  __/| | |_| \__ \
|_|  |_|\__,_| .__/ \___|_| |_|\___/   |_| |_|   |_|\__,_|___/
             |_|         http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/
Mupen64Plus Console User-Interface Version 1.99.3

UI-console: attached to core library 'Mupen64Plus Core' version 1.99.3
            Includes support for Dynamic Recompiler.
Core: Goodname: Legend of Zelda, The - Ocarina of Time (U) (V1.0) [!]
Core: Name: THE LEGEND OF ZELDA
Core: MD5: 5BD1FE107BF8106B2AB6650ABECD54D6
Core: CRC: ec7011b7 7616d72b
Core: Imagetype: .v64 (byteswapped)
Core: Rom size: 33554432 bytes (or 32 Mb or 256 Megabits)
Core: ClockRate = f
Core: Version: 1449
Core: Manufacturer: 43000000
Core: Cartridge_ID: 4c5a
Core: Country: USA
Core: PC = 80000400
Core: EEPROM type: 0
UI-Console: Cheat codes disabled.
UI-console: using Video plugin: 'Mupen64Plus OpenGL Video Plugin by Rice' v1.99.3
UI-console: Video plugin library: ./mupen64plus-video-rice.so
UI-console: using Audio plugin: 'Mupen64Plus SDL Audio Plugin' v1.99.3
UI-console: Audio plugin library: ./mupen64plus-audio-sdl.so
UI-console: using Input plugin: 'Mupen64Plus SDL Input Plugin' v1.99.3
UI-console: Input plugin library: ./mupen64plus-input-sdl.so
UI-console: using RSP plugin: 'Hacktarux/Azimer High-Level Emulation RSP Plugin' v1.99.3
UI-console: RSP plugin library: ./mupen64plus-rsp-hle.so
Core Error: broken Video plugin; function(s) not found.
UI-Console: error from core while attaching Video plugin.
Core Status: Rom closed.

Thoughts or solutions? Thanks.
Links used to figure this out: http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/wiki/CompilingFromHg?colspec=ID%20Type%20Component%20Status%20Priority%20Stars%20Milestone%20Owner%20Summary&sort=-id


Display turns off after two minute of inactivity and won't come back on until I restart

This issue is resolved, when I installed the extension Unblack-screen-saver. Currently I am not facing any issues in Ubuntu 18.04


Why is Eclipse Juno on my Lenovo W530 with 12.04 so slow?

This is is the progress I have made on this problem.  I don't agree that my original post was deleted because I was providing content in the spirit of this forum: "Help us find a solution by researching the problem, then contribute the results of your research and anything additional you’ve tried as a partial answer"

As in my deleted post, I put more details of the problem in order for the original poster to compare the behavior and decide whether the problem I am addressing is the same as his.  Frequently, eclipse juno on ubuntu 12.10 is unresponsive (its window turns grey), and cpu utilization of both compiz and xorg shoot way up to 60-75% each (measured with top). It could be related to eclipse's search dialog, but might be related to any of its dialogs; I have not noticed.

The solutions I attempted which had limited effect:

1) disabling compiz effects: (reputation not good enough to post the link).  Drops compiz cpu utlization to acceptable level, but xorg's cup utlization is still much to high: 70-80%.

2) disabling scroll bar overlay.  (reputation not good enough to post the link).  The problem still occurs after this but is significantly shortened, from 30 seconds to about 3 seconds.

Currently I am testing this solution which seems to have positive result after a few hours:

1) upgrading nvidia driver: http://www.noobslab.com/2011/09/nvidia-drivers-for-ubuntu-1110-oneiric.html.

If eclipse response is still poor, I will continue to research and post findings here, unless this answer is deleted.


Is bbswitch required for bumblebee to work properly?

bbswitch is essentially the service that monitors the use of the graphics card, and switches it off as and when possible to conserve energy, and reduce heat. So yes, removing bbswitch is bad idea.


In the end after some research I succeeded in answering your question.

Assume your USB-to-serial dongle is connected and available as /dev/USB0. Then you first have to find out some information for configuring udev.rules:

udevadm info -n ttyUSB0 -a will walk you through the information tree. If, for example, you want the rule to create to match only this specific dongle, you may refer to vendor, product and serial Id:

$ udevadm info -n ttyUSB0 -a
.
.
   SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
.
   ATTRS{idProduct}=="6001"
   ATTRS{idVendor}=="0403"
.
   ATTRS{serial}=="FTHL8XKY"
.
.

then these are the attributes to respect in your rule.

Next, create a udev rule in /etc/udev/rules.d for this device:

$ sudo vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-ttyUSB.rules

ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEMS="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0403", ATTRS{idProduct}=="6001", ATTRS{serial}=="FTHL8XKY", RUN+="/bin/stty -F /dev/%k -crtscts"

(Enter the values for your device rsp.). The line reads:

Only when the dongle is added (ACTION="add"), and when vendor, product and serial match the given values, then run the action, which is defined as you wanted, where '%k' is the kernel name of the device, in this case ttyUSB0(but may be different next time).

The name of your rules file is arbitrary, but you should respect the naming conventions used by udev. To see what is going to be executed, you may test by udevadm test -a add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:13.2/usb2/2-4/2-4.1/2-4.1:1.0/ttyUSB0/tty/ttyUSB0 (the device path is shown in the udev info, first line).

To see if this works, you may have a look at /var/log/syslog when plugging in the dongle. First configure udev to show not only error messages by modifying /etc/udev/udev.conf to read udev_log="debug"; otherwise you will only see error messages. Restart the udevservice (sudo systemctl restart udev), then:

$ tail -f  /var/log/syslog | grep udev
.
.
Feb 13 14:47:42 desk systemd-udevd[16013]: starting '/bin/stty -F /dev/ttyUSB0 -crtscts'
Feb 13 14:47:42 desk systemd-udevd[15995]: Process '/bin/stty -F /dev/ttyUSB0 -crtscts' succeeded.
.
.

This should also show errors if it does not succeed. udevtries to run the command different times in different stages, so there will be some errors, but in the end it should succeed.

If you want to have a fixed device symlink created whenever you plug in the dongle, this is also possible. Just add the action to your rule:

ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEMS="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0403", ATTRS{idProduct}=="6001", ATTRS{serial}=="FTHL8XKY", SYMLINK+="mynewserial", RUN+="/bin/stty -F /dev/%k -crtscts"

This will create a symlink /dev/mynewserial you can use in your programs, without regards to dynanmically created devices.

There are a lot more possibilities; this should only give some impression on how to proceed.


You'll need to add that scripts directory to your PATH variable. This can become tedious if you download a lot of self-contained executables. My recommendation would be to create a bin folder in your home folder and place all your self-contained executable files in there.

Most recent versions of Ubuntu already have their PATH setup to read from $HOME/bin so it'll work after a restart of the terminal or after you type source ~/.profile. Once that's completed you should be able to just enter sage in to the terminal.

If you wanted to add another directory, other than ~/bin, you can open the .profile file in your home directory and add the following line to the bottom:

PATH="/path/to/folder:$PATH"

Replacing /path/to/folder with the absolute path to the directory you wish to add. That will prepend the directory of your choice to your PATH environment and it'll take effect once you enter source ~/.profile (or restart the terminal).


I can see you are using oh-my-zsh and it already comes with many themes like agnoster and many more but according to me powerlevel10k is best theme which can be used. You need to change the line
ZSH_THEME="agnoster"

to
ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"

In order to get the theme for your command-prompt. As you can see my terminal here:

But before that, you should have powerlevel10k installed. You can install it with GitHub:
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k


Do all Ubuntu flavors share same software sources?

Yes, all Ubuntu flavors share the same repository.

You can install any application to any flavor, but if some application requires some DE specific libraries, they will be installed too.

For example, if you install k3b to a non-kde system, apt will pull a lot of KDE related packages.

Versions of applications do not depend on a flavor.


Who wants to run the script? If 'root', yes there is no problem, otherwise the runner should have group or owner execution permission.If you just put your script into cron.* folders, it is run by root. But you might use crontab -e.


With `quiet` kernel option in my grub entry, can I make the boot messages visible?

if you don't see your grub menu press shift during a boot.
if you see grub, go to the line/kernel you want to boot.
press e to edit the config of that kernel.
remove quiet and press ctrl+x to boot.


How to resize the root partition using GParted

Download Gparted Live CD .iso from here and burn it using Brasero
Boot from it

skip language

To start up the default graphical environment Press Enter

That's is Now start Gparted


I had the same problem with a Lexmark E230 printer.
Solved it by changing the default driver "pxlmono" to "hpijs-pcl5e". Now it is working as fast as it works in Windows using the manufacturer driver.

The change was made using the CUPS admin page present at http://localhost:631/admin and from there go to

  Administration -> Printers -> Manage Printers -> Maintenance -> Modify Printer

Alternative drivers can be found here at OpenPrinting.
I had to install "hpijs" with

sudo apt-get install hpijs-ppds

to make it work.


How to upgrade within a LTS release (not to a new one)?

You should be able to accomplish this by simply keeping your system up-to-date with

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

No special upgrade techniques are necessary if you already using 12.04.


openssl and openssh-server on the same system

There are these dependencies on 18.04, which you seem to talk about in your question:

openssh-server (or openssh-client) → libssl1.0.0
openssl → libssl1.1

However, while libssl1.0.0 and libssl1.1 are both variants of the same library, they are different packages, because the major/minor version component is included in the package and file names. One is not an update of the other, but instead they can coexist on the same system just fine.

There is no conflict or breaking relation between those two declared in the packages themselves:

$ apt show libssl1.1 libssl1.0.0 | grep -E '^(Package|Breaks):'

Package: libssl1.1
Breaks: isync (<= 1.3.0-1build1), python-boto (<= 2.44.0-1ubuntu2), python-httplib2 (<= 0.9.2+dfsg-1), python-imaplib2 (<= 2.57-1), python3-boto (<= 2.44.0-1ubuntu2), python3-imaplib2 (<= 2.57-1)
Package: libssl1.0.0

You can also compare the list of files provided by libssl1.0.0 and libssl1.1 and you will find no overlap.

So no, there should be no problems when installing both openssl and openssh-* packages. Also if there were any, apt should tell you that during the installation process before messing up.


How do I restore the default theme for the login screen after rebooting? Ubuntu 18.10

The appearance of the login-screen is controlled system wide, and not on a per-user base. It is unclear how you could have changed that with Gnome Tweaks alone. Anyway, execute the following command

sudo update-alternatives --config gdm3.css

and select the option /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css to theme your login screen with the default color scheme of Ubuntu.


Is it okay to mix apt distro channels? (i.e. xenial, artful, bionic, cosmic etc.)

As you are re-enabling the PPA's, it's a good idea to visit launchpad and see if there are version of the PPA available for the release that you are using.

Using older (newer) PPAs may work, and the system is not going to stop you, but sometimes worse things than "The program won't run" happen.

Please see the pinning page.


Installing package "blueman" will help you.
First launch the terminal by pressing ctrl + alt + T
Then run the command in terminal:
sudo service bluetooth start

Install blueman by typing to terminal:
sudo apt-get install blueman bluez-utils bluez bluetooth

Now again type to terminal:
sudo service bluetooth restart

If not installed, install blueman:
sudo apt-get install blueman

Now launch Blueman and then connect your devices from the blueman window by searching followed by pairing.


Unable to find ack in Ubuntu 17.10 repositories

Ack has a test failure in Ubuntu 17.10 Artful and it has been excluded from Ubuntu until it passes.  Perl is upgraded on Artful and the old ack version isn't supported by the new Perl. The new version doesn't pass all its tests.  The test failure is caused by problems with the testing framework as run under Ubuntu (even when it works fine in Debian.)  A new version that passes will be released soon.

In the meantime, a workaround is to install it through CPAN as suggested on the ack homepage.    If you don't already have CPAN installed, you need to install it first:

sudo apt install cpanminus

Then you can use it to install ack:

sudo cpanm install App::Ack

It will build and test it, so it take about 2 minutes, but after it is done it will be in your path at /usr/local/bin/ack.

I like this installation option because it uses standard apt and cpan repositories.  It uses Perl libraries that will get upgraded by automated tools.  It can be easily implemented in automated tools such as Ansible.


Can I run Ubuntu/Kubuntu on a Blade server with no graphics card?

It will run, but it is hard to install any os without a graphics card for use during the installation.

It can be done so long as you boot an ubuntu image with ssh-server installed.

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/OverSSH

If you are not running X, IMO, it is pointless to run a desktop, just do a minimal install or perhaps a server install.

You can get a Linux compatible graphics card for cheap, certainly does not need to be the latest greatest of cards. Perhaps you could pull one from most any other box just for the install.


Ubuntu 14.04 wake up immediately after suspend

You can try to disable it with a Upstart script every startup automatically:

Create a file etc/init/disable-XHC.conf

Content:

start on started dbus
stop on stopping dbus

script
   sudo -u root sh -c "echo 'XHC' > /proc/acpi/wakeup"
end script


Does the default Ubuntu install have a file IO CRC/checksum already in place?

re: "Or is this just left to the user using md5sum and digest tools to check for file corruptions on their own? Was wondering if it is something that has been automated."

Check man debsums.

NAME
debsums - check the MD5 sums of installed Debian packages

SYNOPSIS
debsums [options] [package|deb] ...

DESCRIPTION
Verify  installed  Debian package files against MD5 checksum lists from
   /var/lib/dpkg/info/*.md5sums.


Second monitor not detected - ASUS G15-GA502

I have the same laptop and dual boot with Win10 for only four days. Ubuntu 20.04 works ok, but install it on this laptop is a bit hard :D. Installation crashes and finished it in recovery mode.
The VEGA Renoir card runs correctly with a secondary display on HDMI after I install kernel 5.9. I do not tests any version of the kernel 5.8.
In my case, the NVIDIA card not work on the internal or external panel with any noveau or NVIDIA drivers.


How to stop Static IP is being overwritten with dynamic IP?

Nuke /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases.

If that doesn't work, make sure you're not running Network Manager (I'm assuming this is a headless server so I don't expect it to be), WICD or any other network-managing interferer.

If you have NM (et al) and need it, just teach it the same settings as your main /etc/network/interfaces config. Bit hacky but it should do the trick.


I think what you're talking about is having different desktop environments, that you can choose on login.  If that's the case, then just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get install kde-standard

To install the KDE Desktop Graphical Environment

sudo apt-get install xfce4

To install the XFCE Desktop Graphical Environment

Once you install the one you like, or both, go ahead and logout, and when you're ready to log back in, choose the environment the you want to try, and login, as shown in the images below.

I hope this helps.


Open "Disks" application
Select the flash drive in the panel on the left
Press the Unmount button (should look like a "stop button")
Click on the gears icon ("More actions") and choose "Edit filesystem"


It is usually possible to run every application from terminal. There are a number to ways in which you can try to determine the program name to type in the terminal.

For example you can run the GUI application from the menu and then type the following in the terminal.

xprop | grep WM_CLASS

Once you click on the GUI app, xprop will tell you the application name that can then be typed in the terminal.

As for codeblocks I just ran it from the terminal using the following command.

codeblocks


What does >> or double Angle brackets mean?

>> can be used to pipe output into a text file and will append to any existing text in that file.

'any command' >> textfile.txt

appends the output of 'any command' to the text file.

using > will overwrite.


Wifi disconnects frequently Ubuntu 18.04 (journalctl NetworkManger error codes)

According to this post, you can find the reason codes here. According to this you look up the code by going through the list in order. I suppose reason -4 means the 4th reason from the bottom, which corresponds to:
    /* Device disconnected by user or client */
    NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_USER_REQUESTED,

This suggests it is my computer which is disconnecting from the router, rather than say due to signal loss.


Files inside Alias folder not accessible

I changed my code to this:

Alias /cake /var/www-cake/repo
<Directory /var/www-cake/repo>
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
    Options +Indexes
</Directory>

Notice the trailing slash is now removed from the Alias. I do not know why this made a difference I was just trying random things and this one seemed to fix it :)


The package has been renamed, so in 14.04 you can just do:

  sudo dpkg -r draftsight


Try to install the following dependencies (libboost version is 1.54 in 14.04):

sudo apt-get install cmake git g++ libgfortran3 gfortran openmpi-bin openmpi-common \
     openmpi-checkpoint libopenmpi-dev libblas-dev liblapack-dev libfftw3-dev libgmp-dev \
     hdf5-tools libhdf5-serial-dev python-h5py libboost1.54-all-dev python-dev \
     python-numpy python-scipy python-virtualenv python-matplotlib doxygen\
     python-tornado python-zmq python-mpi4py cython


/usr/share vs /usr/local/share: Where to install CA certs?

This https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard should be helpful:
/usr/local:

Tertiary hierarchy for local data, specific to this host. Typically has further subdirectories, e.g., bin, lib, share
Historically and strictly according to the standard, /usr/local is for data that must be stored on the local host (as opposed to /usr, which may be mounted across a network). Most of the time /usr/local is used for installing software/data that are not part of the standard operating system distribution (in such case, /usr would only contain software/data that are part of the standard operating system distribution). It is possible that the FHS standard may in the future be changed to reflect this de facto convention.

/usr/share:

Architecture-independent (shared) data.

So I would use the /usr/local option.


'sudo dpkg --configure -a' hangs at 100%

OK looks like I found a very simple answer!

I just run:

sudo apt-get purge nautilus-dropbox

Then it worked.


"bash: syntax error near unexpected token `('" for stable repository set up

Use

sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

The \ on the web page are to make the shell ignore the line breaks. If you put the whole command in one line you can just ignore them.

' and " have different meanings for the shell and you have to use " here.


How to write in Urdu in text editors on Ubuntu 20.04?

Install the ibus-m17n package and re-login. That will make the Urdu (phonetic (m17n)) input method available.


As a new developer, what files should I backup?

This really goes for any coder, not just ones that work on Ubuntu or platform code, but here's what I'd go after:

Code Files Obviously, if you're writing code, these should be backed up somewhere (and versioned). I highly recommend somewhere like bitbucket (for private repositories) or GitHub (for public/open source ones). In the future, one thing that can help with this one is to keep a separate "data" drive or partition, that way your data is separate from your OS (you can also use this for some programs, such as SublimeText or Eclipse, which don't actually install in the usual sense).

Scripts This should go hand-in-hand with the code files, but any scripts that you write, such as build or deployment scripts, you'll want to back up so you don't have to rewrite them.

Database files Depending on the database technologies you use, you might need to backup the actual files for existing databases. For example MongoDB might store these files under /var/lib/mongodb. Alternatively, you may be able to export your database using the database's available tools.

Settings/Config Files You've taken the time to set up Sublime/Eclipse/Bash/Vim/[insert tool here] set up just the way you want it, and you don't want to go through that again, so make sure you grab the config files that you can. There are a bunch in ~/.config and even just ~/ (ie - .bashrc), but some applications store them elsewhere, so make sure you find all the ones you use, and write down what goes where. Don't forget about your library/tool configs (ie - Apache/Nginx configs and vhost files, the global gitconfig file, etc).

Other Support Files Do you have code templates or snippet libraries that you use? Make sure you grab them, too, so you don't have to re-find them again.

Virtual Machines If you have any virtual machines, make sure to grab them, too, so you don't have to worry about reinstalling them as well.

Why not the whole home directory? Depending on what troubles you're having with your install, the issue could be with your home directory, itself. If that's the case, then backing the whole thing up and restoring it will continue your problems. However, if you know that your home directory isn't the issue, you can back it up and restore it after install.

A list of all the applications and libraries you need Ideally, it'd be good to script this, but to start, make a list of all the programs you need to get up and running. That way, you can stick them all in an apt-get install call and have them installed all at once, and for the things not available in apt, you can go grab those while apt is doing its thing. By doing this, you get up and running as quickly as possible, without having to have a bunch of starts that are stopped because you forgot a particular library or application.

UPDATE 2013-04-03 12:45 PM UTC/GMT: added database files as a category


I used this answer, but I still couldn't install the terminator. I was checking my "Software and Updates" and I saw that in "Ubuntu Software" tab, the "Canonical-maintained free and open-source software (universe)" is not selected. I select it and after sudo apt update, I could install terminator using sudo apt install terminator.
Ubuntu Software


How can I install the latest version of libmtp?

First you need to get the file, extract the tarball and change to the folder. You can do this from a terminal:

wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/libmtp/libmtp/1.1.3/libmtp-1.1.3.tar.gz
tar zxf libmtp-1.1.3.tar.gz
cd libmtp-1.1.3

Second, build the source and install the binaries:

./configure
make
sudo make install

I'd be more inclined to use checkinstall - so not use the make install command, if so enter this commands instead:

./configure
make
sudo checkinstall

If you have not complied any software you might need some extra packages prior to starting.

sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall wget

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CompilingEasyHowTo

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CompilingSoftware

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CheckInstall


MongoDB, How can I migrate database to new cluster with higher version without an outage

The best way to do it is to add new 3.2 node to current replica set (votes:0), then wait as it syncs.
Now we can shutdown one 2.6 instance and set for current 3.2 votes:1

Next we can work with another 3.2 and wait for sync....

So replacing one by one is a safest way and provide full security.

Have a fun!


As muru said in the comments, syslinux seems to match my attempts.

Here is a link : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYSLINUX

Hope it can help someone ;)

I'll update it later to transform it into a real answer.


Gedit settings are saved in GSettings or DConf, so you can reset them with the following command:

dconf reset -f /org/gnome/gedit/


Could not download all repository indexes ppa mssql

You appear to have various additional repositories (apart from the main Ubuntu ones) in your list.
I'm also assuming that you've upgraded to Ubuntu 20.10 recently, and then re-enabled all of your old repositories.
...
in the header of snwh/pulp (google search) you will find:
This PPA has been deprecated!!! Use ppa:snwh/ppa

so you'll be best off removing that repository, and adding the new repository in it's place.  please read https://launchpad.net/~snwh/+archive/ubuntu/ppa
on your postgres line from "sources.list", you will need to specify the architecture:
deb [arch=amd64] http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg main

and you need to look at /etc/apt/sources.list.d/msprod.list and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list and remove duplicate lines from those files.  you should be able to just comment them out with a '#'
it would have been easier if you could have copied and pasted the text in that window, rather than send a screenshot.


Dual boot using Windows boot manager does not work

You can safely replace the Windows loader with GRUB. GRUB can manage both Windows and Ubuntu for you. This is simple, straight forward and error free way of dual booting in my experience. GRUB rocks!

I mentioned simple, and I mean it. All you have to do is insert your ubuntu Installation media, reboot, choose Try Ubuntu without Installing.

Now in the live mode, execute these commands, after connecting to internet:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Just choose Recommended Repair and follow the instructions. The end result will be that GRUB will be your Boot Manager, and with it you will be able to boot into both windows and any other linux distros you may install including Ubuntu.

Good Luck!

Source and reference: Boot Repair: Ubuntu Docs


How do I limit a Ubuntu machine to a Python GUI?

I'd consider replacing the whole frontend with something like nodm. I've already covered the details for this in another answer.

You'd essentially start with Ubuntu Server, layer on a few packages and then create a ~/.xsession script to load your Python application. It's extremely lightweight and users can't mess around with anything else.

If the application crashes or the user finds a way to exit it, nodm will restart and will just load the app back up. Perfect for single-purpose machines.


error: failure reading sector 0x802 from 'hd0'. Entering rescue mode grub rescue>

Your hard disk is failing. We can try a few things, so keep your fingers crossed. You have two partitions on your hard disk, and both partitions are having problems, which suggests a problem with the MBR partition table, or just the hard disk failing in a very complicated way. You may have to replace the disk drive.
fsck
This is a file system check. It's the first step to try and diagnose and repair your disk. If we can't get it to run successfully, we'll have to go to the gparted step.
For 17.10 or older...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

For 18.04 or newer... (or if the above steps don't work for you)...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in “Try Ubuntu” mode
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdb1, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

gparted
If fsck can't be run successfully, we'll try the Check option in gparted. Start gparted. Select /dev/sdb1. Go to the Partition menu and select Check.
If that's not able to fix the errors, assuming that you don't have good data backups, we'll attempt at recovering your data.
In gparted, go to the Device menu, and select Attempt Data Rescue. Follow the instructions to try and copy your data off to an external disk drive.
bad block
As a last ditch effort to repair your hard disk, we'll try to bad block the disk, as you do have some bad sectors on the disk. This may fail, and leave your disk in an unknown state.
Note: do NOT abort a bad block scan!
Note: do NOT bad block a SSD
Note: backup your important files FIRST!
Note: this will take many hours
Note: you may have a pending HDD failure
Boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in “Try Ubuntu” mode.
In terminal...
sudo fdisk -l # identify all "Linux Filesystem" partitions
sudo e2fsck -fcky /dev/sdXX # read-only test
or
sudo e2fsck -fccky /dev/sdb1 # non-destructive read/write test (recommended)
The -k is important, because it saves the previous bad block table, and adds any new bad blocks to that table. Without -k, you loose all of the prior bad block information.
The -fccky parameter...
   -f    Force checking even if the file system seems clean.

   -c    This option causes e2fsck to use badblocks(8) program to do
         a read-only scan of the device in order to find any bad blocks.
         If any bad blocks are found, they are added to the bad block
         inode to prevent them from being allocated to a file or direc‐
         tory.  If this option is specified twice, then the bad block scan
         will be done using a non-destructive read-write test.

   -k    When combined with the -c option, any existing bad blocks in the
         bad blocks list are preserved, and any new bad blocks found by
         running badblocks(8) will be added to the existing bad blocks
         list.

   -y    Assume an answer of `yes' to all questions; allows e2fsck to be
         used non-interactively. This option may not be specified at the
         same time as the -n or -p options.

sdb2
This extended partition is also having problems, and the partition is empty, and can be deleted, using gparted.
Update #1:
The HDD is defective. Replace it.


Running NYPL's Map-vectorizor in Ubuntu - GIMP scripting errors

A fix was submitted. Check the new version: https://github.com/NYPL/map-vectorizer


Computer System not starting after trying to Install Ubuntu along with already installed Windows 10

Your issue is related to UEFI and Fastboot.
On newer computers, before you dualboot windows with ubuntu, you need to get into BIOS and Disable UEFI or set it to Legacy Mode in the BIOS.
Second, look for fast boot and disable it.
Important- Backup critical files.


What is the difference between Analog Input and Internal Microphone?

On the computers I have tried, Pulseaudio always use internal mic as audio input until a physical jack is connected to the external input jack plug: then it autoswitch to this external input, muting the internal mic.
In other words, there are 2 settings but only one is active depending on the external input jack connection.


There are now a lot of underlying issues with your installation of Ubuntu.

Essentially, you managed to replace all the system configurations and definitions you had with those that Kali Linux provides.

You can see this in your screenshot -- your system has now named itself Kali 2016.1, which is the absolute least of your worries. Due to how Kali Linux operates and what it does, it has replaced a lot of config files with its own versions.

The only way to restore your working Ubuntu installation is to backup any important data from your /home folder and re-install Ubuntu. There is very little you can do to patch what you've done.

In the future, don't import PPAs from dissimilar OSes, unless you know exactly what you're doing and that there's no other way to accomplish what you want.

Edit on request of OP:

If you cannot recover your files from the graphical interface for whatever reason, you can use Recovery Mode.

Follow the instructions above to drop yourself into a root shell.
Insert your external hard drive (or large flash drive) into a free USB port.
Use the lsblk command to find the hard drive you just plugged in. Make note of the device identifier (something like /dev/sdc1).
Type mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt and hit Enter to mount your drive.
cd to your home directory (you'll have to manually specify your username as ~ doesn't work).
Use cp to copy any important files over to /mnt. For example: cp -R Documents/ /mnt
After you've finished your important files (it's not a good idea to keep .local configs, and the like), type umount /mnt and wait for the prompt to return. Unplug your drive.
Reboot your computer using reboot, and re-install Ubuntu using a spare flash drive.


Can I make links to email addresses open Gmail instead of Evolution?

You might want to take a look at an application called desktop-webmail

It can be installed by clicking on the little icon next to the link or simply by executing following command:

sudo apt-get install desktop-webmail

Then go to "Applications > Internet > Desktop Webmail" and set your web email service.
Finally go to "System > Preferences > Preferred Applications" and under "Mail Reader" set Desktop Webmail as your choice.

Desktop webmail supports following services: Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail and Zoho

This could be a solution for other people as well that use other webmail providers.

Hope it helps :)


snapshot of certain user home directory every 12 hours

Back In Time is a simple backup tool for Linux (GNOME & KDE4).
You only need to specify 3 things: where to save snapshots, what to backup and backup frequency (manual, every hour, every day, every month)

Check the project website. It essentially does all you want.
You can use the following command line options for the tool:
backintime [ --backup | --backup-job |
         --snapshots-path |
         --snapshots-list | --snapshots-list-path |
         --last-snapshot | --last-snapshot-path
         --help | --version | --license]

-b, –backup: take a snapshot now (if needed)
–backup-job – take a snapshot (if needed) depending on schedule rules (used for cron jobs).
–snapshots-path: display the path where is saves the snapshots (if configured)
–snapshots-list: display the list of snapshot IDs
–snapshots-list-path: display the path to snapshot
–last-snapshot: display last snapshot ID
–last-snapshot-path: display the path to the last snapshot
-h, –help: show a small help
-v, –version: show version
–license: show license


You have a hybrid Intel+Nvidia graphics system.

Open source driver nouveau is installed for Nvidia, that is not great for your adapter.

You can install a proprietary driver by running

sudo apt-get install nvidia-331 nvidia-prime

And reboot.

Also newer driver can be installed this way

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-346 nvidia-prime
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

After that you will be able to switch Intel and Nvidia adapters in Nvidia control panel.

Also Bumblebee is an option, but it is incompatible with nvidia-prime. You will have to choose.


How do I connect my domain to my local Ubuntu Server?

By definition, if it's local, it can't be accessed from outside. If you want to make you server accessible from outside, you have to configure your router so as to redirect all requests to the local ip 10.0.0.174, on port 80 (http) and 443 (https) generally (depending on which ports your server is listening to). This can be set through the "port forwarding" options in your router admin interface.

After this step you will be able to access your server from outside with your global ip (check it on httpbin.org/ip) and port. Just test it by entering your_global_ip:your_port in the address bar of your browser.

Next step is to link this ip to your domain name, thanks to a DNS (translating domain name into ip, among other things). You can use duck-dns.org for example, create a subdomain there, and enter your new duckdns domain name in the CNAME section of your purchased domain provider, like :

www.your-purchased-domain.org CNAME your-subdomain-registered-at.duckdns.org


Why does Ubuntu require us to register an account on Ubuntu website to be able to install a Snap package?

This behavior is consistent with Ubuntu Software Centre. Canonical works with third-party software providers to provide payment and hosting for commericial software in the partner repository. In Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, this is being replaced by the Ubuntu App Store which powers the snap repository's backend.

While the command line tools provide access to free-of-charge snaps without issue, the Ubuntu Software store uses Ubuntu One to handle payment processing and order history (so that previous purchases can be downloaded and installed on any number of systems that you own).

So this is an implementation detail that matches the behavior of the software being replaced by Ubuntu Software.


Firefox 56 for Ubuntu - delete search bar in Bookmarks sidebar

Firefox 57 that got installad today did the trick!

Thank you godzillers.

Oh happy days! The biggest church choir is singing in the background and the heavenly orchestra does its best performance ever


how clear/clean unneeded files or cache for my customized distro

I found this software, is helped me for clear cache and unneeded files

sudo apt-get install bleachbit

or from site http://bleachbit.sourceforge.net/

i hope this tool can help someone have same problem


Separate /var partition is full due to apt archives and snaps

Here's a short script which will remove all old versions of snaps. This will only keep the current active version, which should recover you some disk space.

#!/bin/bash
# Removes old revisions of snaps
# CLOSE ALL SNAPS BEFORE RUNNING THIS
set -eu

snap list --all | awk '/disabled/{print $1, $3}' |
    while read snapname revision; do
        snap remove "$snapname" --revision="$revision"
    done


My Wifi does not work for SSH login or saving some forms

Log in to your router and turn off AP Isolation.

If it is already disabled try Enabling AP and save the settings, then disable AP and saving the settings again

I had the same problem once.


After downgrading to Ubuntu 11.04, how to keep GNOME 2.x?

GNOME 3 in Ubuntu 11.04 was very experimental, so the Ubuntu team didn't include an official repository for GNOME 3. If they did, it would have broke Unity in that release. It's only in Ubuntu 11.10 that they merged GNOME 3 with Unity, and hence GNOME 2 was ditched.

I'd say you have nothing to really worry about. Just as long as you stay away from the GNOME 3 experimental repo that Ubuntu gave out (you have to set that up manually), then you are safe with GNOME 2.


The script resides in /var/www/html/dashboard/scan/ and the directory is not in your PATH, so you can't execute the script by simply doing autoscan.sh, which is searching your PATH for autoscan.sh.

You need to mention that the script is in the current directory:

cd /var/www/html/dashboard/scan/ && ./autoscan.sh

Or simply:

/var/www/html/dashboard/scan/autoscan.sh

Both assumes the script is executable by the user running it.

Unless you modify the autoscan.sh script, the last one won't work for you as you are running other scripts ./checkip-{1..4}.sh using relative paths from autoscan.sh, so a cd into /var/www/html/dashboard/scan/ is needed.


simple scan does not appear in startup 14.04

Type simple in Dash (top icon in the launcher) and it should show Simple Scan if you have it installed. Click on Simple Scan which should open the utility.

In the launcher on the left of your screen, you should see the Simple Scan Icon (a flat bed scanner). Right click on it and select Lock to Launcher.

In future, you can open the utility simply by clicking on the icon in the launcher or by typing simple-scanfrom terminal.


Most likely one of these situations is the case (In the example, HP 22" is my main screen)
The screen is misaligned or in another position than you assume
Open System settings > Screens:
1. the screen is misaligned

2. the screen is positioned differently from what you assume: on the left side..

... or on top:

Simply drag the window in another position if one of these situations is the case.
Sticky edges
Another thing that makes it easier to move from one screen to another is switching the "Sticky edges" ("plakranden" in the screen shot below) option to off:


I have Broadcom 4311 and I checked on Broadcoms site for the latest version, at:

http://www.broadcom.com/support/802.11/linux_sta.php

5.100.82.112 from oct-25-2011, thats the same version that came installed in the Ubuntu 12.04 x64 1.5 GB DVD!! Which means... theres no newer version. Therefore I recommend you to stay on 12.04 until a newer version comes available from Broadcom.

I had that same problem in the past, also recently trying to install Kernel 3.4,  which is not supported yet.

You have to wait.