You can easily test this out under Ubuntu without even making a full installation of abcde. This will allow you to test out AIFF encoding before abcde 2.8.2 is released :). Four easy steps:

1. Install some required applications...

Here are some prerequisites which must be installed. Open a Terminal window and run the following:

sudo apt-get install cd-discid cdparanoia abcde ffmpeg git

(This will also install the stock Ubuntu abcde as this is perhaps the easiest way to get the script cddb-tool installed as well.)

2. Place a configuration file:

abcde runs best when a detailed configuration file is placed. First create an empty file:

touch $HOME/.abcde.conf

Now use your preferred text editor to place the following configuration details in this file:

# -----------------$HOME/.abcde.conf----------------- #
#
#   A sample configuration file to convert music cds to
#   Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF). This requires
#   abcde version 2.8.2 and a recent copy of FFmpeg
#
#   http://andrews-corner.org/linux/abcde/index.html
# -------------------------------------------------- #

# Encode tracks immediately after reading. Saves disk space, gives
# better reading of 'scratchy' disks and better troubleshooting of
# encoding process but slows the operation of abcde quite a bit:
LOWDISK=y

# Specify the method to use to retrieve the track information,
# the alternative is to specify 'musicbrainz':
CDDBMETHOD=cddb

# Make a local cache of cddb entries and then volunteer to use
# these entries when and if they match the cd:
CDDBCOPYLOCAL="y"
CDDBLOCALDIR="$HOME/.cddb"
CDDBLOCALRECURSIVE="y"
CDDBUSELOCAL="y"

# Specify the encoder to use for Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF):
AIFFENCODERSYNTAX=ffmpeg

# Specify the path to the selected encoder. In most cases the encoder
# should be in your $PATH as I illustrate below, otherwise you will
# need to specify the full path. For example: /usr/bin/ffmpeg
FFMPEG=ffmpeg

# Specify your required AIFF encoding options here. These options are
# needed by FFmpeg for tagging and selection of id3v2 version:
#  1. '-write_id3v2 1' allows id3v2 tagging while '-write_id3v2 0' disables tagging
#  2. '-id3v2_version 4' gives version id3v2.4 while '3' gives id3v2.3
AIFFENCOPTS="-write_id3v2 1 -id3v2_version 4"

# Output type for AIFF:
OUTPUTTYPE="aiff"

# The cd ripping program to use. There are a few choices here: cdda2wav,
# dagrab, cddafs (Mac OS X only) and flac. New to abcde 2.7 is 'libcdio'.
CDROMREADERSYNTAX=cdparanoia

# Give the location of the ripping program and pass any extra options,
# if using libcdio set 'CD_PARANOIA=cd-paranoia'.
CDPARANOIA=cdparanoia
CDPARANOIAOPTS="--never-skip=40"

# Give the location of the CD identification program:
CDDISCID=cd-discid

# Give the base location here for the encoded music files.
OUTPUTDIR="$HOME/Music"

# The default actions that abcde will take.
ACTIONS=cddb,playlist,read,encode,tag,move,clean

OUTPUTFORMAT='${OUTPUT}/${ARTISTFILE}-${ALBUMFILE}/${TRACKNUM}.${TRACKFILE}'
VAOUTPUTFORMAT='${OUTPUT}/Various-${ALBUMFILE}/${TRACKNUM}.${ARTISTFILE}-${TRACKFILE}'
ONETRACKOUTPUTFORMAT='${OUTPUT}/${ARTISTFILE}-${ALBUMFILE}/${ALBUMFILE}'
VAONETRACKOUTPUTFORMAT='${OUTPUT}/Various-${ALBUMFILE}/${ALBUMFILE}'

# Create playlists for single and various-artist encodes. I would suggest
# commenting these out for single-track encoding.
PLAYLISTFORMAT='${OUTPUT}/${ARTISTFILE}-${ALBUMFILE}/${ALBUMFILE}.m3u'
VAPLAYLISTFORMAT='${OUTPUT}/Various-${ALBUMFILE}/${ALBUMFILE}.m3u'

# This function takes out dots preceding the album name, and removes a grab
# bag of illegal characters. It allows spaces, if you do not wish spaces add
# in -e 's/ /_/g' after the first sed command.
mungefilename ()
{
  echo "$@" | sed -e 's/^\.*//' | tr -d ":><|*/\"'?[:cntrl:]"
}

# What extra options?
MAXPROCS=2                                # Run a few encoders simultaneously
PADTRACKS=y                               # Makes tracks 01 02 not 1 2
EXTRAVERBOSE=2                            # Useful for debugging
COMMENT='abcde version 2.8.2'             # Place a comment...
EJECTCD=y                                 # Please eject cd when finished :-)

3. Grab a copy of the git abcde:

Now use your git client to download the most recent version of the abcde git tree:

git clone http://git.einval.com/git/abcde.git ~/abcde

This will leave a working copy of abcde in $HOME/abcde.

4. Run abcde:

Now for the fun bit :). Place an audio CD in your drive and run the following two commands:

cd $HOME/abcde
./abcde

(Note that the ./ section is important as this will reference only the copy of abcde downloaded here and not the release version also installed on your system.) If all is well your audio CD will now be painlessly converted to AIFF with the files neatly tagged and then placed in $HOME/Music!

References:

abcde: Command Line Music CD Ripping for Linux My own information hub with many, many configuration files for abcde
abcde git repository The summary page for abcde's git repository


What are the advantages and disadvantages of mounting various directories on separate partitions?

Long long time ago...
... There was a time when people used to install Linux and configure it by hand for their specific needs. Some of this is true even today for servers. The choices you see in gparted are some of the popular ones for those who had very different needs as compared with the average desktop users, the intended audience for Ubuntu desktop.
Let us take these one at a time. I will skip the ones I don't know much about.

/boot there was a time when the Linux file system was fragile and hard drives were small. People were afraid that the hard drive would fill up or get corrupted and Ubuntu won't boot. Keeping the kernels in a separate partition helped the system to boot when other things went wrong. In those days Linux users used to compile their own kernel and clean up old ones. As recently as with Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, the Software Updater app installed the latest kernel update but did not remove the old kernels. As a result, a small /boot partition filled up with old kernels and the system stopped booting unless one cleaned it periodically. See what happened if you had a separate /boot partition and forgot to clean it regularly: How do I free up more space in /boot? With Ubuntu 18.04 LTS the Software Updater app not only keeps the system up-to-date, but also removes the old kernels. It keeps the last two kernels in case the latest kernel has some issues and one needs to revert back the previous one.
On the other hand, if you want to encrypt the / partition (to
safeguard the secret software you are working on), you will need a
separate (and unencrypted) /boot partition. Otherwise the system
won't boot. Similarly, if you have a RAID drive, keeping /boot in a non-RAID partition may be useful. Many people thinks having a separate /boot partition is a very good idea for these and other reasons.
/home Keeping home in a separate partition still makes some sense. This folder/partition has your personal files and having it in a separate partition allows you to format / and reinstall Ubuntu while keeping your files untouched. Recent versions of the Ubuntu installation software includes a choice of update from DVD/USB. This option keeps /home intact even it it is not on a separate partition. If you run out of space in your primary drive with / partition. You may want to add a new drive and create a single /home partition in the new drive.
/tmp is where temporary files go. If you are running a server that creates large temp files, they may fill up all the disk space and bring your server to a halt. Keeping it in a separate partition will only fill up that partition and may stop the process that was creating the big temp files but will not stop the rest of the system. I am told it is easier to deal with a filled up /tmp partition than a temporary folder under / partition.
/usr/, /opt/, and /usr/local are all places where programs and apps are kept under different conditions. If you develop software for Linux, it may make sense to keep these in separate partitions, so that if you reinstall Ubuntu, you won't delete the programs you have written or have been working on.
Keeping /opt/ and /usr/local in separate partition also makes
sense if you install programs from source (your own or from
somewhere else) and want to use them in another distribution (say
Red Hat) installed in the same computer in its own partition. Then
both the distributions, Ubuntu and Red Hat can share the /opt and
/usr/local partitions. (Thanks Rmano!)
/srv and /var are particularly useful as separate partitions if you run servers or develop web pages. For the average desktop user these folders don't take up much space and does not hold anything that is of value to the user. For a web developer losing /var/www may mean losing her job.

To be sure, these are not the only directories one can mount as partitions. In Linux, one can mount a partition as any folder anywhere. Partitions are often mounted as sub-directories of /mnt/ and /media.
Hope this helps


Xubuntu 13.10 shuts down without asking when power button pressed

I had to edit /etc/systemd/logind.conf to make HandlePowerKey=ignore, and that solved the issue!


Since the columns are invariant, you could cut -c32- (man cut) the file.


I can't login to facebook from any browser

This is clearly related to Ubuntu not networks or firewall and affects a huge number of users. Just Google it.

Inside same network and machine I tested running Firefox and Chrome in 12.04 x64 and Windows 7 x64, with dual-boot. Everything is working fine in the Windows 7 boot.

Also tested with VirtualBox, 12.04 x64 host and Windows 7 x64 as guest. The host, Ubuntu cannot connect, times out, no data received, etc. to Facebook (Chrome and Firefox). The guest, Windows 7 runs everything fine.


Update Gedit to 2.32 being able to use SyncTeX on 11.04?

The link you provided mentions that the SyncTex is a new feature of Gnome 2.32 and not Gedit 2.32.
You can check which gnome version you have by executing gnome-session --version.

To enable the SyncTex you will have to install the gedit extra plugins by executing sudo apt-get install gedit-plugins. After installation open Gedit and enable the plugin from the Edit -> Preferences -> Plugins menu.


Is there a way to make the Delete-key bypass Trash in MATE/Caja?

Show Action to Permanently Delete Files and Folders

At the top of the page, when Files/Nautilus is open, select Files, then select Preferences, then select Behavior, then select Show action to permanently delete files and folders.


Using a simple loop:

count=0; for file in HTTP_services*; do mv "$file" "$(( count++ )).nc4"; done;

use it with an echo first to make sure it works as you wish:

$ count=0; for file in HTTP_se*; do echo "mv" "$file" "$(( count++ )).nc4"; done;
mv HTTP_services.cgi?FILENAME=%2Fdata%1 1.nc4
mv HTTP_services.cgi?FILENAME=%2Fdata%2 2.nc4


gnome-terminal does not allow changing the title

First, you have something contradictory in your question. You said, "it started to show user@hostname: ~/currentdir in its title, changing it whenever I cd to another directory", but the image attached said something else. I am almost sure that if you've selected "Replace initial title" setting in gnome-terminal's preferences and if you use this ~/.bashrc file as you said, your terminal should look like in the following image:

Second, you're totally wrong with: "vim, for example, sets current filename as a title". To do this, you must to heve a file named  .vimrc in your home directory with the following code inside:

let &titlestring = $USER . "@" . hostname() . ": vim " . expand("%:t")
if &term == "screen"
  set t_ts=^[k
  set t_fs=^[\
endif
if &term == "screen" || &term == "xterm"
  set title
endif

And one more thing: I don't understand yet exactly for what do you using that if
from the 11th line until 40th line in your .bashrc file, but setting up TERM="gnome-256color" at the line 33 may be a problem in this case. So, I suggest you to comment that line, or to remove all the code between lines 11 and 40.

After all of this done, when you will use vim, your terminal should look like:


How to load saved iptables rules on rebooting

Netplan does not support hook scripts:

https://netplan.io/faq#use-pre-up-post-up-etc-hook-scripts

The workaround is to use networkd-dispatcher. The above FAQ gives an example on how to do it.

The following is an example of using networkd-dispatcher to run existing ifup hooks via a script installed in /etc/networkd-dispatcher/routable.d/50-ifup-hooks:

#!/bin/sh

for d in up post-up; do
    hookdir=/etc/network/if-${d}.d
    [ -e $hookdir ] && /bin/run-parts $hookdir
done
exit 0

Similarly, here is an example of an ifdown hook installed in /etc/networkd-dispatcher/off.d/50-ifdown-hooks:

#!/bin/sh

for d in down post-down; do
    hookdir=/etc/network/if-${d}.d
    [ -e $hookdir ] && /bin/run-parts $hookdir
done
exit 0


Automatically change cpu frequency governor

You can use acpid to manage acpi events such as connecting to AC adapter.
/etc/acpi/hadler.sh can be configured to change cpu governor on acpi events.

#/etc/acpi/handler.sh

ac_adapter)
    case "$2" in
        AC*)
            case "$4" in
                00000000)
                    echo "powersave" >/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
                ;;
                00000001)
                    echo "performance" >/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
                ;;
            esac
        ;;
        *) logger "ACPI action undefined: $2" ;;
    esac
;;

If you use tlp, you can set

CPU_SCALING_GOVERNOR_ON_AC=performance

on /etc/default/tlp to do the same.


What happens if I accidentally leave an app running and click "Install Now" in Software Updater?

You must be thinking of Windows.  Unix did it right, and then later, Windows came along and developed wrong ways of doing things.

With Windows, replacing a file that is in use by a running process can badly affect that process.  The process will reference locations within that file and get incorrect information from it, usually with catastrophic results.  That's why a Windows update generally requires a reboot to ensure that all processes are using correct versions of libraries etc.

With Unix, once a file has been opened by a process, that same file will always be available to the process even if the original file is removed from the filesystem.

After an update, the filesystem will contain a different version of the file, and all process that start after the update will use that new file.  But, unlike Windows, all old Unix processes will continue using the original files that they started with.  Even though no longer accessible via the filesystem, those files will persist as long as any process is using them.  Eventually, when no processes are using the files, the old version of the files will finally be deleted.

You may of course decide to restart Firefox (or other processes) if you want to get the benefits of the update right away.  The choice is yours.


Why can I not use the virtual consoles on Ubuntu 16.04?

I never did figure this out, but it's fixed as of upgrading to 18.04 (bionic). Hope that helps some of you :)


I was originally going to post something along the lines of "well, not that much has changed internally between 12.04 and 12.10, so it should work", but that's not a very good answer. :) So I went ahead and installed Spotify in a 64-bit 12.10 VM. I can confirm that the program works and I was able to log in and such. I don't anticipate that you will run into many problems, assuming that things worked fine for you on 12.04.

As for ads, well, I'd say the easiest way around that is to shell out 5$ and go for the unlimited membership, but I understand that this isn't always an option for people. I don't have any experience with ad blocking in Spotify, but I can at least say that blocking the audio ads is much harder than the client popups, and the audio ads are quite a bit more annoying than the banner ads (and ultimately what convinced me to go premium).


What is the proper way to install an application with the Python packet manager (pip)?

It can be installed anywhere that is in your path. Several options I found are:

Install to .local via:

pip install --user <pip-pkg-name>
This will install it in .local as you have noted so that location needs to be in your path, using the .bashrc file that can be done.
Add this export PATH=$PATH:/home/$USER/.local/bin to your /home/$USER/.bashrc file. With that you can reach it from anywhere.

Add a custom path for with this line export PYTHONUSERBASE=/myappenv in your .bashrc file. Now when you do pip install --user <pip-pkg-name> it will be installed in /myappenv.

Note you have to create that path /myappenv first and add it to your .bashrc file with the line export PATH=$PATH:/myappenv

Now that being said the so-called standard way you mentioned should be using python environment a.ka. virtualenv to install and run packages for that app and not globally as done in (1) and (2) above.

Install either for python2+ with sudo pip install virtualenv, or for python 3+ with sudo pip3 install virtualenv.
Usage:

virtualenv venv
Pick an interpreter of your choice with:

Python 2+: virtualenv -p python2.7 venv
Python 3+: virtualenv -p python3 myenv

Activate it: source venv/bin/activate
Deactivate it: deactivate

See:

http://kazhack.org/?post/2014/12/12/pip-gem-install-without-sudo,

https://gist.github.com/Geoyi/d9fab4f609e9f75941946be45000632b


How can I get a 'verbose' apt-get exit code?

I believe this is not a case of XY, and you just want to be able to debug apt-get generally speaking. Under such assumptions here is my answer.

From the man apt.conf:

  DEBUG OPTIONS

  Enabling options in the Debug:: section will cause debugging information to be sent to the standard
         error stream of the program utilizing the apt libraries, or enable special program modes that are
         primarily useful for debugging the behavior of apt.

Hence, you only need to activate the rules for each of the debugging behaviors of apt-get:

Debug::pkgProblemResolver: enables output about the decisions made by dist-upgrade, upgrade,
       install, remove, purge.
Debug::NoLocking: disables all file locking. This can be used to run some operations (for instance,
       apt-get -s install) as a non-root user.
Debug::pkgDPkgPM: prints out the actual command line each time that apt invokes dpkg(1).

Those 3 are the first that the man page recommends, and the first will help you to debug the first error you show. For the second you may need:

Debug::Acquire::http: Print information related to downloading packages using HTTP. There is also https, ftp, cdrom.

The man page has many more, you can list them easily using man apt.conf | grep -A5 -i debug.

All this should be written using the correct syntax and they are accept boolean values:

Debug::*::*  "true";

or if you want to use multiple lines:

Debug {
  Acquire {
    http "true";
    ftp "true";
  };
  NoLocking "true";
};

If you want to run for only for a instance of apt-get you can use the -o/--option switch:

sudo apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=true -o Debug::Acquire::http=true -f install

Another method is creating your personalized configuration file and load it with the -c/--config-file switch:

sudo apt-get -c debug-apt.conf install hello

About changing the exit codes, I believe you can not unless you change the source code. apt-get is a state of art piece of software, as such it has advanced methods to debug the process without the need of relying of exit codes.


You can see an online manual below:

Ubuntu Desktop Guide

and from the same site here, you can download a pdf (at the moment) for 16.04 (and other versions) but I'm sure before long there will be a pdf for version 18.04.n and whilst there will inevitably be some differences between versions 16 and 18, this should provide you with a reasonable grounding in the basics until the v 18 resource is made available.


BCM43142 monitor mode : operation not suported!

You are right, your hardware supports Monitor Mode and many more interesting stuff. But the driver which Broadcom has released for linux OSes do not support any of these. This is why it is possible in Windows but not on Linux.
 You can read more about it here.


Running a script after a certain amount of time of inactivity

Here's a small script that will display a popup every 24 hours, as you've requested ( the sleep 24h part). When launching the script you must provide two command-line arguments - the time to wait for user input from popup and full-path (!) to the file you want to open. Example:

./dialog_timeout.sh 3 /etc/passwd

Since you mentioned this is just for human verification, the script only checks if what was returned by the input dialog is non-empty ( because the input dialog gets killed by timeout command after timeout is reached,so the input will be empty). So in other words, you must type something in. Note that if you click cancel or if you click OK but your input was empty, then the script will assume fail condition, so it will display the document you want.

Note: standard rules for making scripts workable apply - store file preferably in ~/bin and ensure it is executable with chmod +x ~/bin/dialog_timeout.sh

#!/bin/bash
got_input()
{
    result=$(timeout $1 zenity --entry --text "Type something")
    if [ "x$result" != "x" ]
    then
        return 0
    else
        return 1
    fi
}

main()
{
    while true
    do
        if got_input "$1"
        then
            sleep 24h
        else
            xdg-open "$2"
            exit 1
        fi
    done
}

main "$@"


You probably don't need that and you probably have the majority, if not all, of the drivers that you want already installed and working.

Usually the only drivers that you need are the ones related to the GPU, if you go to

Software & Updates > Additional Drivers

it will tell you what you can download and install from there.


Just installed Ubuntu, no proprietary drivers

I am having a similar issue with wireless. To get internet, do you have an Ethernet cable you can plug into your computer and after wait-wait-wait (2 mins - 4 mins) you should at the least have a wired internet connection. I still can't figure out the issue, other than this issue started with 13.04 first update.


Wifi Adapter TL-WN821n driver is disable after sometime

Due to the way your installed the driver, your wifi driver needs to be reinstalled every time the kernel gets updated via Software Updater.
You need to follow the dkms install instructions to fix this. See README.md...
Manual install
Remove available drivers with (skip if sudo lshw -C network and dkms status do not show any wifi drivers):
sudo rmmod 8192eu
sudo rmmod rtl8xxxu
sudo dkms remove rtl8192eu/1.0 --all

Blacklist default driver (rtl8xxxu on Ubuntu):
echo "blacklist rtl8xxxu" >> ./blacklist-rtl8xxxu.conf
sudo mv ./blacklist-rtl8xxxu.conf /etc/modprobe.d/

Run add and install commands from driver directory:
sudo dkms add .
sudo dkms install rtl8192eu/1.0

Load driver (or reboot):
sudo modprobe 8192eu

Then, dkms status should show the rtl8192eu driver as installed.


How do I remove all single quotes in all files recursively using `rename`?

You can use double quotes:
rename -n "s/'//g"

remove -n after testing to rename the files for real
Use -exec though...
find -name "*'*" -type f -exec rename -n "s/'//g" '{}' \;

If the list is not too long, make it faster...
find -name "*'*" -type f -exec rename -n "s/'//g" '{}' +

Or, as suggested in comments, use recursive shell globbing:
shopt -s globstar
rename -n "s/'//g" **/*"'"*

You can use shopt -u globstar to turn recursive globbing with ** off, but it will be off anyway when you start a new shell.


How can I adjust floating window/dialog box behaviour in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS?

Those are modal dialog boxes. They are special windows that are connected to a parent window.
You can change the behaviour of the modal dialog with gnome-tweaks in the window-settings box.
Another thing you can do to see also the bottom of a dialog is to move the window with the pointer (mouse) while the Alt key is pressed.
I have trouble reading some texts so I zoom the texts (with the accessibility control panel) but that results in the dialog box being to big for the monitor... I think that this is a (window manager) bug??


Trying to convert ppt to pdf using libreoffice ---headless -convert- topdf with php script

Well, I can see that you typed "-convert-to pdf" instead of "--convert-to-pdf". Maybe you did a similar typo in your php script? Hard to say without seeing the PHP code, though.

Please provide details: how do you call libreoffice from PHP, what do the error logs say etc.

Finally, if you are running SElinux and not Ubuntu, please take the question to a SELinux forum.


By purging snapd you likely removed neccesary dependencies. Please run snap list in a terminal. You should see a list like this:

Name                     Version                     Rev   Aufzeichnung     Herausgeber       Hinweise
core                     16-2.44.3                   9066  latest/stable    canonical✓        core
core18                   20200427                    1754  latest/stable    canonical✓        base
gnome-3-28-1804          3.28.0-16-g27c9498.27c9498  116   latest/stable    canonical✓        -
gnome-3-34-1804          0+git.3009fc7               33    latest/stable/…  canonical✓        -
gtk-common-themes        0.1-36-gc75f853             1506  latest/stable/…  canonical✓        -
gtk2-common-themes       0.1                         9     latest/stable    canonical✓        -
snap-store               3.36.0-74-ga164ec9          433   latest/stable/…  canonical✓        -

You're probably missing the core, gnome and gtk snaps. Reinstall them manually with snap install <snap name>.

In the future please don't purge snapd, that's pretty overkill.


Can one watch video in terminal (command-line)?

Meet mpv, your command line video player.
Yes, you download via apt. It is available in the standard Ubuntu repositories.
You can mind the video quality: mpv is a top quality video player.
However, it looks as if you are serious about watching the video in the terminal itself. If that is what you want, then use following command:
mpv --no-config --vo=tct <your videofile>

However, in that case, please do not mind the quality. Yet, no xorg needed: that also works in a virtual console.


What's the difference between a compressed folder (with files) and a compressed Tar archive?

tar lives up to its name "Tape ARchiver". It takes a directory tree, and writes it out to a  single file (which could be a tape drive), preserving the directory structure and metadata.

So, yes, very similar to zip, although without built-in compression, and with a full understanding of unix metadata.

The unix philosophy is that each tool should do one thing, and do it well. Tar can archive a directory, and the you can compress the archive with a compression tool like gzip, bzip2, or xz.


Displaylink adapter not showing full resolution options available in 18.04

I fixed it by changing the cable from HDMI to display port using the displaylink adapter. The displaylink adapter supports both cables using the appropriate adapter.


You would be best to remove the Repository youtube-dl which rarely copes with downloading videos or upgrading itself and install instead directly from the developer's website:

sudo apt-get remove youtube-dl
sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

And then from time to time update your version with:

sudo youtube-dl -U

Current version reports the following:

andrew@ilium~$ youtube-dl --version
2016.08.01
andrew@ilium~$

And this version has no issues with any current YouTube videos and/or playlists that I tested it with...

References:

youtube-dl: Download


I too had this issue. It appears to be a bug in multiple distributions.

My simple fix was to edit /etc/default/grub line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi=force"

Run update-grub.

Works every time now. I use a Lenovo G50 laptop. I'm pretty sure I changed this line in Grub with previous (other) linux distros on this laptop too.


Are there plans for handwriting recognition?

Ubuntu keeps all it's plans in a system on launchpad called blueprints, each feature or plan is carefully laid out and given a time line. Searching this database I can find no release targeted specifications for handwriting. But I did find this user created specification back in Boston-UDS 2007:

https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/handwriting-recognition

Perhaps it's time for you and others to pick this up and beat the drum so Mark and the Platform team will take the lack of handwriting recognition as a problem that needs fixing in the next release.

Now Ubuntu is based on Gnome, and checking Ubuntu functionality at this level wouldn't be complete without looking for gnome solutions. For that I come across this project called CellWriter:

http://risujin.org/cellwriter/

Gnome plans are not firm on the matter of hand reorganisation, so it's not likely we'll get leadership in putting the functionality into Gnome by default. My best advice would be to try CellWriter, if it does the job then push for it's inclusion by default by creating or modifying the blueprint and keeping at the issue through the release cycle.


From the Terminal/CLI run:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove [some PPA]

Where some PPA is the repository that you wish to remove.

Don't forget to use sudo apt update after removing the PPA.


Lubuntu Precise - Power button doesn't shutdown immediately anymore

First of all I'm slightly confused at your question regarding the GUI panel on a headless server. So I'm going to ignore it and refer to the "headless server" part.

Check the /etc/acpi/events/powerbtn script:

event=button[ /]power
action=/etc/acpi/powerbtn.sh

You can try editing the /etc/acpi/powerbtn.sh script to simply shutdown.

If you make changes to these files, make sure you issue

sudo service acpid restart

Before trying them.

A potentially helpful thread: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2020630


How to automatically resize the Dash when screen dimensions change?

Here's a solution I think might help. There is a program called "MyUnity" and it is designed to let you customize Unity more than you would be able to with the default settings manager. There is a setting in that program to change the dash size. From what I have read online, there is a setting that maximizes the dash to whatever screen size you have. There is also a setting that does not ever maximize the dash.

You can install it with the following terminal command:

sudo apt-get install myunity

Once MyUnity is installed, open it and click the "dash" tab at the top of the window. The last option is for dash size. "Automatic" is obviously the default setting, and I think that is what is causing the current undesirable behavior for you. "Netbook" is the one that maximizes the dash to whatever screen size you are using, and "Desktop" is the setting that makes the dash a fixed size that is smaller than your screen size.

Please let me know if it solved your problem.


Enable SNMP on Ubuntu 12.04 to communicate with Windows Server

Ubuntu doesn't have built-in SNMP support, but it's very easy to add by installing the snmpd package, and then configuring it properly.

Other than sudo apt-get install snmpd, the configuration part may be better explained here:

http://andrewpakpahan.blogspot.ca/2012/09/how-to-enable-snmp-monitoring-on-ubuntu.html

Once snmpd is installed, man snmpd may give you further pointers.


Is it possible to set the default behaviour of double clicking a folder to be "Open in New Window" with PCManFM?

You can try to recompile PCManFM , I am running Lubuntu 12.04 with PCManFM 0.9.10 and these steps worked for me.

Follow these steps:

Open a Terminal and install the necessary packages:

sudo apt-get install apt-src build-essential

Install the build dependencies:

sudo apt-get build-dep pcmanfm

Create a folder to download the source code:

mkdir ~/Downloads/src
cd ~/Downloads/src

Download the source:

apt-src install -b pcmanfm

Edit the pcmanfm-0.9.10/src/pcmanfm.c file.

leafpad pcmanfm-0.9.10/src/pcmanfm.c

In Leafpad, search for the line fm_main_win_open_in_last_active(fi->path); (should be somewhere around line 420 and change it to fm_main_win_add_win(NULL, fi->path);.
Save the changes and close the file. See the screenshots if it isn't clear:

Before:

After:

Go to the pcmanfm-0.9.10/ folder to build the deb packages:

cd pcmanfm-0.9.10/
dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -uc -b

Now you can install the deb packages:

cd ..
sudo dpkg -i pcmanfm*deb

Finally you can logout and Login to see the changes.

Reference: This post by ogilvierothchild in ubuntu forums.


How to bridge a wireless interface with another wireless interface (both on the same computer)?

(1) I believe brctl cannot bridge a wireless interface (wlan0) to another wireless interface (wlan1). Is this correct?

The requirement here is that all interfaces must be able to send packets with any source MAC address, and receive packets with any destination MAC (not just the device's own).
Wi-Fi AP interfaces can be bridged just fine (most "wireless routers" in fact have a plain Linux bridge between AP and Ethernet). Station-mode interfaces, however, cannot. So you can bridge wlan1 but not wlan0.
There's a way around it – the "4addr" mode aka "WDS" mode, which adds an extra MAC address field to Wi-Fi frames. You can enable it via iw, as long as your Wi-Fi driver supports it. Once enabled, you will be able to bridge wlan0 as well.
However, for security reasons, many APs don't allow 4addr mode by default. (Some have a general toggle, some have a MAC-based whitelist.) Will it work with your university AP? Try it and see.
(Another workaround is "arpnat" – like NAT but applied to MAC addresses – but it can confuse DHCP servers, and it's not supported by regular Linux anyway. Some APs, like PicoStation, support it in station mode.)

(2) If brctl cannot be used, can I still use hostapd?

Depends on your Wi-Fi driver. Most of them should support AP mode nowadays, but not all do. Use iw phy0 info, iw phy1 info to find out.

(3) If brctl cannot be used, what should I be looking for to accomplish the setup described above?

The most common alternative approach would be IP NAT (masquerading) using iptables.
In some cases, regular routing (without NAT) would also work.

(4) Would any of the following be a part of the solution to my problem
(a) dnsmasq to serve DHCP (b) hostapd (c) static IP address (for wlan1 ???) (for the device connected to wlan1 ??) (d) NAT (Network Address Translation) (e) iptables (f) IP Masquerade (g) sudo iw set dev wlan0 4addr on (h) WDS (wireless distribution system) (i) IP Forwarding ?

yes, no, no, yes, maybe, maybe, what, uh, are you just throwing assorted terms here?


How to permanently uninstall Microsoft Teams?

Because the Linux version of the Teams application is supplied as a .deb file, the installation is registered in your package management. You can remove the application using sudo apt remove <packagename>. To learn the precise name of the package, inspect the list of installed packages using the terminal (you can use "grep" to filter on e.g. "teams") or using Synaptic Package manager (not installed by default) (where you can search).

Note, however, that as part of the installation process, Microsoft also added a software source (PPA) for Teams. That ensures that you automatically receive updates. After removing the Teams software, you may also wish to disable or remove that PPA (packages.microsoft.com/repos/ms-teams) in "Software & Updates", tab "Other Software".


Add to your /etc/rc.local file with sudo gedit /etc/rc.local :

rfkill unblock bluetooth

Then reboot and it should work again


Gnome-terminal in Ubuntu Unity shrinks to minimum size

Unfortunately this bug has not yet been resolved.  As you can see, this is due to an issue with using Adwaita, BUT:

I found that switching to the Vertex theme was not only an acceptable solution, but I think I prefer it to other options right now:

Instructions are here: Github Installation Section, but I simply used the xUbuntu packages here for Ubuntu 15.04; drop to shell and do:

sudo sh -c "echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/Horst3180/xUbuntu_15.04/ /' >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vertex-theme.list"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vertex-theme

I then wanted to get the matching icons, and so used this for reference:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:moka/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install moka-icon-theme
mkdir ~/.icons
cd ~/.icons
git clone https://github.com/horst3180/Vertex-Icons.git

Hopefully you already have Unity Tweak Tool (sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool) installed.  Then simply go in to its Appearance section -> Theme and pick Vertex-dark for your Theme and then pop over to Icons and select Vertex-icons if you like.

FYI, Breeze icons also look nice or perhaps just Moka itself without Vertex.  If you like the icons from the screenshot above, use Ardis.


How can I find a USB wireless adapter that will work with Ubuntu 12.04

Panda makes very Linux  friendly USB dongles. Look them up on Amazon.


Multi-window switcher - mouseover window title not showing

This answer solved the issue for me. The only additional step I needed was a refresh of unity as I find the auto show/hide functionality of the unity taskbar doesn't work properly after I open the compiz manager. So to refresh unity you can can type:

nohup unity --replace &

into a terminal or alternatively hit Alt+F2 and type:

unity --replace

Both yield the same result. For any super noobs the screen will flash dramatically during the refresh so don't worry it will come right after a few seconds.


By running incrontab under sudo, you are updating root's configuration.  Therefore, your script is also run as root.

If you run incrontab without sudo, your script should be run under your own user account.


You need to connect the output port of the MPK (and the output port of VMPK, if you want to use it) to the input port of some synthesizer. At the moment, there is no synthesizer.
Two common software synthesizers are Timidity++ and FluidSynth, but if you have JACK, you probably want to use some Jack synthesizer.


Apache2: client denied by server configuration: /www

I suppose DocumentRoot must be /var/www/bluespice instead of /www/var/bluespice, because the default work directory (defined in apache2.conf) is /vaw/www.


How can I sort packages by file size when searching the repositories?

That should work:

apt-cache -f dumpavail | \
egrep '^Package:|^Size:' | \
sed -e 's,Size: ,,' -e 's,Package: ,\n,' | \
awk '{RS=""; FS="\n"} {print $1, $2}' | \
sort -k2 -n

I'm not proud of it but that was done in a bit of a hurry :)


Login screen not appearing after removing KDE

Try:

sudo dpkg -P --force-depends lightdm
sudo apt-get install lightdm

(Reboot)


12.04 and above
Despite the weird naming convention, dropbox can be installed though the package nautilus-dropbox
nautilus-dropbox
The dependencies this installs are:
sudo apt-get install nautilus-dropbox
[sudo] password for dad:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libgpgme11 libpth20 python-gpgme
Suggested packages:
  gpgsm nautilus
The following NEW packages will be installed
  libgpgme11 libpth20 nautilus-dropbox python-gpgme
0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 500 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,517 kB of additional disk space will be used.

During the installation and internet connection is required since it downloads the latest dropbox package from dropbox themselves.
Ignore the nautilus references displayed in the terminal (if installed from there).
Don't click the Start Dropbox button more than once and be patient because the installation is silent and can take a few minutes

Then click the option shown:

11.10 and below
By default the deb packages require nautilus as a dependency.
However - you can install dropbox manually without needing to install nautilus and other gnome-dependencies.
cd ~/

for 32bit:
wget -O dropbox.tar.gz http://www.dropbox.com/download\?plat=lnx.x86

for 64bit:
wget -O dropbox.tar.gz http://www.dropbox.com/download\?plat=lnx.x86_64

now extract and run the drop-box wizard:
tar -zxvf dropbox.tar.gz
wget -nd http://dl.dropbox.com/u/6995/dbmakefakelib.py
wget -nd http://dl.dropbox.com/u/6995/dbreadconfig.py
python dbmakefakelib.py

N.B. ignore any errors that you may see.  The important part is that the dropbox wizard is displayed.
Then follow the standard dropbox wizard to create/connect a DropBox account and to create a DropBox folder.
Create an autostart program with the command sh -c "~/.dropbox-dist/dropboxd" to start the dropbox daemon automatically on logon (see linked question and answer below for a how-to)
credit

Linked Question

Modify xfce startup applications


Ubuntu shouldn't have an issue such as this; I'd check something like a firewall or something on your network (or between your network & web) stopping you.

please provide more info - eg, browser used, and ideally some trace info, eg.

I'd suggest going to console (terminal) & using commands like

traceroute google.com

traceroute facebook.com

the second trace can be any site that works.

Providing this info could be too much info and reveal your location, ISP etc so you may want to 'filter' or only answer where it goes wrong.
fyi: traceroute is like a ping[=icmp.echo.request] but provides more detail

If no problem is obvious with network tools (such as traceroute), [install &] try a different browser


Ubuntu 18.10 with kernel 4.18 stops working

You could try to use UKUU to remove the broken kernel and then reinstall it. Just make sure that you are not running the broken kernel or else it will not let you uninstall it.


There is only 728Mb free space in my Ubuntu One folder?

Ubuntu One stores files on your disk, and does not operate as a networked drive. The "free space" reading you see in the file manager is the amount of free space available for the disk partition on which that directory exists. Your $HOME and $HOME/Ubuntu One folders should both show the same amount of space available, when looking in the file manager.


According to Ubuntu Community Help Wiki, try running:

sudo apt-get -f install

From the help page,

  This command does the same thing as Edit->Fix Broken Packages in
  Synaptic. Do this if you get complaints about packages with "unmet
  dependencies".

Then if you still experience problems, run sudo apt-get check and report back.


This file is used to see the entropy when using cryptographic tools, e.g. OpenSSL. You can safely delete it and there's no need to backup it.

So, why do we have it then? On most systems we don't have a lot of activity we can use as a random source and to speed up the process for generating random enough cryptographic keys, this file contains previously collected random entropy, helping in seeding. So this file is not the sole source for entropy.

And because it contains raw random data, you can't open it with a text editor. It's simply not encoded within the standard character sets, so a text editor doesn't know how to display it.

It should be readable only by the user itself, in mode 0600. If it's owned by root, you probably have run some sudo commands which keeps the $HOME variable to your regular user account. Just remove the file in that case, I'd say, as the user itself should be able to update this file.
See also:

manpage of rand(1):

The rand command outputs num pseudo-random bytes after seeding the
random number generator once.  As in other openssl command line tools,
PRNG seeding uses the file $HOME/.rnd or .rnd in addition to the files
given in the -rand option.  A new $HOME/.rnd or .rnd file will be
written back if enough seeding was obtained from these sources.

OpenSSL FAQ: Why do I get a "PRNG not seeded" error message?


ubuntu doesn't remember the gnome-tweaks keyboard layout switching configuration

Just summarizing the discussion in the comments above:
If you are on Ubuntu 20.04, it might possibly be related to bug #1899206.
A fix for the issue is currently published here:
https://launchpad.net/%7Egunnarhj/+archive/ubuntu/mutter


Monitor network traffic usage per user by terminal?

Maybe the nethogs is useful for you. the output is:

install with: sudo apt-get install nethogs


How to Access ext3/ext4 (Ubuntu 14.04) Partition from Windows 10

There is many ways to do it. This are the best two ways.

1- If you want to show the ext partition in my computer use "Ext2Fsd"

for download  Click here

You can have Ext2Fsd launch at every boot or only open it when you need it. While you can theoretically enable support for writing to Linux partitions, I haven’t tested this. I’d be worried about this option, myself – a lot can go wrong. Read-only support is fine, though, and doesn’t have a risk of messing anything up.

If you didn’t set Ext2Fsd to autostart at boot, you’ll have to go into Tools –> Service Management and start the Ext2Fsd service before you can access your Linux files. By default, the driver automatically mounts and assigns drive letters to your Linux partitions, so you don’t have to do anything extra.

2- If you want to explore your ext partition in an app use "Ext2explore"

It’s an open-source application that works similarly to DiskInternals Linux Reader — but only for Ext4, Ext3, and Ext2 partitions. It also lacks file previews, but it has one advantage: it doesn’t have to be installed; you can just download the .exe and run it.

The Ext2explore.exe program must be run as administrator or you’ll get an error – you can do this from the right-click menu. To save some time in the future, go into the file’s properties window and enable the “Run this program as an administrator” option on the Compatibility tab.

As with Linux Reader, you’ll have to save a file or directory to your Windows system before you can open it in other programs.

For download Click here


(I am assuming you have a cpu with multiple cores which each has multiple threads)

You can use a tool named sysbench.

Install it with sudo apt-get install sysbench

By default this is testing a single thread.

sysbench --test=cpu run

or

sysbench --test=threads --num-threads=1 --thread-locks=1 run

But I can not seem to figure out how to lock it to a specific thread. Someone?

You can try it yourself by reading the man pages:

man sysbench


Why do Thunderbird Lightning notifications come late?

The problem was solved by an update. It works fine now.


Creating a file with some content in Shell scripting

Just use output redirection. E.g.

#!/bin/bash

echo "some file content" > /path/to/outputfile

The > will write all stdin provided by the stdout of echo to the file outputfile here.

Alternatively, you could also use tee and a pipe for this. E.g.

echo "some file content" | tee outputfile

Be aware that any of the examples will overwrite an existing outputfile.

If you need to append to a currently existing file, use >> instead of > or tee -a.

If you don't accept user input in this line, no user input can change the behaviour here.


The tar command for an old firefox would look something like tar -vxf . Expand the older version of firefox into some directory within your id (NOT anything under /usr). Copy all scripts from the current firefox directory into your replacement firefox directory (there are either one or two). After setting aside the current firefox , which is at /usr/lib/firefox move in your older version but, before you do,
things under /usr/lib should be root owned and grouped prior to setting in place.

Use chgrp -R root firefox   and chown -R root firefox  to set the right permissions before moving the old firefox in place.  These last two examples assume you are in your personal area where the older firefox was 'tarred to'.

This answer could be taken as a guide, it is not a cookbook solution.


Thanks to Doug for the solution to the problem!

  I'd probably see if .config, .cache or .local are involved. So for example rename .config to .config.bak & log out/in or restart & see if any different. If not then try the same with .cache, then .local. If the situation improves then look at what's in the causing folder, ect. - doug

To fix it, I renamed the .config folder (located in the home folder, press ctrl+h to show it) to .config.bak, and rebooted. Once back in my session, the problem was gone. After that it was just a matter of finding which folder (or file) within the .config.bak was causing the problem. In the end, it turned out that the "pulse" folder caused the problem. So I left it out and rebooted, all was fine again.

This simple command would have fixed the issue:

rm -rf ~/.config/pulse


problem in creating free space for root, swap and home

Boot into LiveCD and run Gparted. It gives you visual representation of partitions which is easier to understand for newbie. I guess installator had already prepared your free space for installation. You will just need to delete these extra partitions from Gparted.


Can I download this software on Ubuntu or is it not compatible

It looks like Secunia PSI 3.0 is a Windows-only program. While you could download this and run it through WINE, you really wouldn't need it. Software on Linux is very secure as it is.

So yes, you can download it. But you would need to run it through the WINE Windows Program Loader.

To download WINE, you can go here and follow the steps or you can type sudo apt-get install wine1.5 in the CLI (command line interface, or Terminal).


Problem installng Ubuntu along Windows 7

Install the GRUB bootloader to your MBR, not to a partition. [i.e. to /dev/sda instead of /dev/sda3]

You can still boot windows from Grub, and you can always even reinstall the Windows bootloader to the MBR by inserting the Windows 7 disk, select repair, and it will automatically detect the bootloader missing and install it.

Edit: I looked at your comments, do you have a separate physical drive for Ubuntu or just a partition?  If you have a separate physical hard disk, you need to either install it to your windows hard drive, or change the boot order of the hard drives in your BIOS so that the Ubuntu disk comes first.

Edit 2:  I did not say this, but I also implied you must also install GRUB to the MBR of your Ubuntu drive, in addition to setting it to boot from that first.


How can I cancel all the current communication from particular IP in Ubuntu 12.04?

The best option I've found is to use tcpkill.  When I installed it, it was part of the dsniff package, so I had to install that first.
Then, you would use it like this :

$ sudo tcpkill ip host 20.129.11.86 and port 22
tcpkill: listening on eth0 [ip host 20.129.11.86 and port 22]
10.206.22.202:42532 > 20.129.11.86:22: R 1785992582:1785992582(0) win 0
10.206.22.202:42532 > 20.129.11.86:22: R 1785992732:1785992732(0) win 0
10.206.22.202:42532 > 20.129.11.86:22: R 1785993032:1785993032(0) win 0
20.129.11.86:22 > 10.206.22.202:42532: R 4065251855:4065251855(0) win 0
20.129.11.86:22 > 10.206.22.202:42532: R 4065301087:4065301087(0) win 0
20.129.11.86:22 > 10.206.22.202:42532: R 4065399551:4065399551(0) win 0

As soon tcpkill detects matching traffic, it will terminate the connection.

To see where else the IP is hitting your system, you can use netstat -aunt and grep for the IP address. E.g.,

$ netstat -aunt | egrep 115.125.
tcp        0      0 10.20.22.25:56156     115.125.225.67:80        ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 10.20.22.25:42360     115.125.225.1:80         ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 10.20.22.25:35210     115.125.225.64:80        ESTABLISHED

Create further ufw rules if necessary.

Is restarting ssh an option?

You can use sudo /etc/init.d/sshd stop then sudo /etc/init.d/sshd start, or use the service mechanism:

$ sudo service ssh stop
ssh stop/waiting
$ sudo service ssh start
ssh start/running, process 4427

You could drop the interface temporarily, if that's an option.

There's an app called 'cutter' that should work, taking the IP address and port as arguments.  However, I wasn't able to get the package to install correctly from

$ sudo apt-get install cutter

It's supposed to work something like this (assuming standard port 22 for ssh):

$ cutter 10.10.10.10 22

You might also check out something like the denyhosts package.


You can access you system with something like Parted Magic
Here is a version you could try
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/10573557/pmagic_2013_08_01.iso

Be careful.
But you might want to access your /home/username*
To backup stuff

I often use this tool to clear config files in a user profile, (that's the hidden files in your user account)

Did you upgrade 14.04 > 14.10 seem to go well, without error?


It's probably still running; try ps aux | grep -E 'httpd|apache'; if there is a process then it's because you did not stop it.

If it's not running see what is bound to that port by doing lsof -Pni :80.


Swap should be on hard drive. With 12GB of RAM you may never use swap. The only time you might use swap would be if you hibernate, but if booting from SSD hibernation does not save much if anything. I still suggest a little swap just to have some or maybe 2GB. Others have had no swap with that much RAM and said it works.

You need to change to AHCI and removed RAID meta-data on drives. That is probably why grub will not install as it sees the RAID and wants to install to RAID.

sudo dmraid -E -r /dev/sda
sudo dmraid -E -r /dev/sdb

Is system UEFI or BIOS? That makes a difference on where to install grub. If BIOS you install grub to the MBR of either drive, but preferred to install to SSD. If UEFI you install to efi partition.

If you use manual install and have already created partitions with gparted, you just need to select partition for / (root), choose format and what format (ext4 usually), likewise for /home but if /home already exists with data you DO NOT format. If swap already exists it will find it automatically.

I have a 28GB /(root) partition and use about 9GB including /home which has .wine with Picasa. I have lots of programs installed. I think you can installs games to /home so those would be on HDD. You can split system folders and add to HDD like you do with /home but that should not be required.

All system folders in / can be partitions. Usually only done for servers with specific requirements.

Explanation of file structure

http://www.tuxfiles.org/linuxhelp/linuxdir.html

http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_directory_structure


How to RE-ENABLE IPv6 functionality on Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS?

Yes,
sudo systemctl restart networking

does indeed achieve the desired effect.
Thanks.
Any suggestions for how to see IPv6 status (enabled/disabled) at any given time ?


Is there a 64bit version of ubuntu for intel CPUs?

Yes, there is a 64-bit daily build of Ubuntu Raring Ringtail (soon to be Ubuntu 13.04) for Intel cpus.  In fact, you mentioned it: it's the one that is called "64-bit PC (AMD64) desktop image".  Yep, that's a confusing name and I'm sure it's called problems in the past, but that's the right one.  (There's some sort of history behind the name, but it is correct.)  It's the one I'm using with my 64-bit Intel cpu and it works perfectly.  Download and use it with confidence with your Intel cpu.


How to disable icon fetching in dashboard's search? (increasing performance idea)

You can not disable icons at the moment, unless you want to delete all your icon sets (you dont). But icons arent what is slowing your dash. The main cause is the blur in the background of the dash, that can cause a second of lag. Through compiz config (ccsm) you can disable blur, or set it to static.

Disabling blur makes the dash faster, but it can make reading the dash text difficult. Static blur is again faster than active blur, the only difference is that the image behind the dash doesn't change (example if a popup appears awhile the dash is open, you won't see it appear behind.

I highly recommended you try the blur options. Also use 12.04, unity is much faster! Unity 2D also offers a nice speed boost.


Where is the changelog  for Ubuntu kernels?

The latest version of the kernel for Ubuntu can be seen on Launchpad. See all current changelogs here:

http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs/pool/main/l/linux/
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+changelog

That should tell you what changed in each release.

Given that your main aim is to build your own kernel packages though, you might be better off following these guides:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/KernelTeam/GitKernelBuild
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Kernel/Compile


Is it possible to run ChromiumOS as a session?

If you are using 64bit Ubuntu 12.04 or 12.10
Just download and install lightdm-login-chromeos

Note:it may show some warning messages during installation. Just ignore it.


I've experienced almost the exact same scenario (the main difference being me not using Chrome but Firefox, where I've experienced similar phenomena). What solved the issue for me was to remove ~/.config/gtk-3.0. (To make a backup and remove it run mv ~/.config/gtk-3.0{,.bak}.)

By the way, the indicator with the do-not-enter icon is the input source selector. After solving the issue it should show "En" rather than the do-not-enter icon. In any case it seems you don't need it (as you haven't got other options than English to select from), so you can just remove it from the text entry settings (disable "Show current input source in the menu bar").

As for the extraneous "skins" at login, they are defined in /usr/share/xsessions - you can remove the files corresponding to those options you no longer want from this directory.


Ubuntu 18.04 stuck on « started waiting until snapd is fully seeded », keyboard not responding

I used a Linux live USB per @Kurankat 's suggestion. Turns out docker had filled up my root. cleaned it and now things are back to normal.


Declaring a variable and assigning it on one line can mask the return values. The use of $(..) instead of legacy backticks is prefered. Given the lack of context of your code snippit the folowing code is the best I can do with out being able to test it.

 _xtest ()   {
      local cur
      local files
      files=$(ls /home/tests)
      COMPREPLY=()
      cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}

      case "$cur" in
      -*)
      COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W $files --$cur ) );;
      esac
      return 0
    }

    complete -F _xtest -o filenames xtest


How to make a script that launches bash command but don't open it?

If I am undertanding, you want the script opened, but don't want to see the terminal. When you use function run in terminal, the ideia is open a terminal and execute there, once you can see the output.

should be better turn it on an executable with

chmod +x filename.sh

then you could tun that as an executable script with no need of terminal.


Brightness control not working on Lenovo Ideapad Creator 5 Ubuntu 20.04

I have fixed the issue using a newer kernel version, 5.12.3-051203-generic.
Perhaps the missing feature is mentioned here https://kernelnewbies.org/LinuxChanges#Linux_5.12.Graphics, as Add support for Intel's eDP backlight controls? How can I check?
As the mainline kernel 5.12 package directly from Ubuntu depends on a newer version libc, I went for the one from https://launchpad.net/~tuxinvader/+archive/ubuntu/lts-mainline.
The author has reported the bug on https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1926938 and I have seen a possible fix on https://askubuntu.com/a/1335849/748665 (haven't tried).
The brightness now works, although it does not go completely black using the keys. It is possible to get a completely black screen by
# echo 0 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

Moreover, I have acquired two new problems:

"possible missing firmware for i915",

NVIDIA drivers (650 nor 655) are not working, the output of nvidia-smi is now
NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn't communicate with the NVIDIA driver. Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.

PS: I have installed the i3 graphical environment, and so I am using lightdm instead of gdm3. It is highly possible some issues are caused by these settings.


Can you edit multiple videos at the same time using ffmpeg?

A simple approach of running them all at the same time would be to call them as background processes:

#!/bin/bash
ffmpeg -i input1.mp4 -vcodec mpeg4 -qscale:v 1 -aspect 16:9 output1.avi &
ffmpeg -i input2.mp4 -vcodec mpeg4 -qscale:v 1 -aspect 16:9 output2.avi &
ffmpeg -i input3.mp4 -vcodec mpeg4 -qscale:v 1 -aspect 16:9 output3.avi &
ffmpeg -i input4.mp4 -vcodec mpeg4 -qscale:v 1 -aspect 16:9 output4.avi &
ffmpeg -i input5.mp4 -vcodec mpeg4 -qscale:v 1 -aspect 16:9 output5.avi &
ffmpeg -i input6.mp4 -vcodec mpeg4 -qscale:v 1 -aspect 16:9 output6.avi &

The & at the end of each command line designates the commands as background processes.

But be aware that these processes "fight" for processor resources.


In case someone wants the fix for this same error, it got resolved when I upgraded my kernel to 4.8.14


In contrary to Microsoft the maintainers of Linux had and have a very strong sense of security: Linux is a multi-user system even if most of us only have one user using is. It means documents need to be protected from users that are allowed on your system.
So Linux/Ubuntu works with permissions on disks, partition, directories and files and those permissions come in a set of 1 group of permissions for owner, 1 for a group and 1 for others and those also come in 3 parts: the ability to read, write and/or execute files. A lock icon means you do not own that location.
An example...

In case of a new installations partitions are owned by owner root and group root.

Start a terminal session as we mostly do this from command line: it is uniform and works on a lot of Unix-based systems.
1st: a partition needs to be mounted as writable before you can alter permissions.
This is what my partition (discworld) looks like after an initial install:
$ ls -ltr /
...
drwxr-xr-x  14 root root       4096 okt 25 18:40 discworld
...

This is what you do to own it:
$ cd /
$ sudo chown $USER:$USER discworld -R
$ ls -ltr /
...
drwxr-x---  14 rinzwind rinzwind       4096 okt 25 18:40 discworld
...

At the front you see the 3 sets for read, write and execute:

d for directory
rwx for the owner (1st rinzwind)
r-x for the group (2nd rinzwind)
--- for others

So the owner rinzwind can read, write and execute, the group rinzwind can read and execute, but not write, others can do nothing to my partition. Others is everyone not user root, not the owner, and not the users part of the group.

The rwx part is set with the chmod command but that is not really required for the answer to your question though needed for the concept of permissions. The owner is what creates the lock icon.

The $USER is a universal variable that holds your current user. For single user desktop it is the admin; if you need another user change it to the actual name.

-R means it is applied to all the content of the partition: all the files and directories in it get the same owner and group. Drop it if you ever need to apply it to a single item.

In the example I used a partition, but the same works for directories and files.

Be careful to ONLY do this with PERSONAL files. You can totally wreck your system with a single chmod or a single chown: the base system requires files to have specific permissions and owners and groups.

And this allows you to write, delete and read the contents, and it will remove the lock icon.


ImageMagick convert can't convert to webp

Fixed in 16.04

In 16.04 convert flyer.png flyer.webp does work, although webp is needed:

sudo apt-get install webp

Without webp installed, this error message will show:

convert: delegate failed `"cwebp" -quiet -q %Q "%i" -o "%o"' @ error/delegate.c/InvokeDelegate/1310.


Set a hotkey to show an auto-hiding Plasma panel?

If you want to manage it without installing additional widgets you can place a ‘Bouncy Ball’ to the panel and assign shortcut to it. Also you can assign shortcut for a clock (digital / analog / binary – doesn’t matter) widget, it has side effect of showing whole panel along with calendar.


BASH variables aren't loading properly on startup

From the bash man page for COLUMNS,
Automatically set if the checkwinsize option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.
So the key is "interactive shell".  At a terminal type:
printf '⎼%.s' $(seq 1 $COLUMNS)
You get the line.

Put that command into a file (myline), set the executable bit and try:
./myline
Single char output.

bash myline
Single char output

bash -i myline
You get the line again with the explicit "-i" to force an interactive shell.


Ubuntu 14.04 kvm instance has low resolution

I'm new with Ubuntu and I have a similar situation.
I run Ubuntu 14.04 with a SyncMaster 225uw that's not recognized by the system.
However, when running manual commands through the terminal I can reach the max resolution in my monitor.

If you use (I found it in some post with similar issue, but without KVM):

xrandr --newmode "1680x1050_60.00" 147.14 1680 1784 1968 2256 1050 1051 1054 1087 -HSync +Vsync
xrandr --addmode VGA1 1680x1050_60.00

where VGA1 is my monitor.

You will be able to see the resolution available at displays.
However, as soon as you restart the machine, the resolution also disappears.
I have tried to create a xorg.conf file and so many other alternatives, but it seems as it does not work on Ubuntu 14.04.

Hope that someone can help us!


If you want install Clang then just run this command : sudo apt install clang


How to update ClamAV engine from 0.98.1 to 0.98.4

The Ubuntu repositories now have 0.98.5.  This answer is remaining here as legacy and evidence as to why this was +1'd and accepted.

You can build and compile the source code of ClamAV as Karl's answer says, if you are worried about security vulnerabilities in PPA code.

Having said this, I've recently backported ClamAV 0.98.4 from Debian Unstable to Precise, Trusty, and Utopic in a PPA, without any changes, and that PPA is located here.  If you don't have any qualms using the package direct from Debian without changes, you can install clamav 0.98.4 from my PPA by using the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:teward/clamav
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Note that you have to assume I won't be introducing vulnerabilities.  If you really want to see there's no differences between what's in Debian Unstable and my PPA, the changes files are available in the PPA itself.  (All I did was add a changelog entry for the Ubuntu upload and nothing more)


How to use the Ubuntu One client to sync different folders to different accounts

You cannot use multiple accounts with a single local user on the system. You will need a separate local on your system, logged into another Ubuntu One account with the client, to have a client which syncs with a different account than your normal user is.

However, instead, you (or any one of your friends) could simply share a single folder to everyone else, and allow them write access as well, if you wish to synchronize a single common folder between everyone. Whoever owns the folder will have any space usage in that folder, deducted from their account's quota. You could also share a folder to each other as read only, so the data usage is distributed, and you can read all the files you want to share amongst your group.


Unable to establish RDP connection with XRDP

Update : Sept 2019
looks like same issue as 18.04.3 LTS XRDP "login failed for display: 0"
known issue with xRDP and Ubuntu 18.04.2.  Performing xrdp installation on ubuntu 18.04.2 does not intall xorgxrdp package because dependencies are not met......
To fix this......
Best option -  Install the new xorgxrdp-hwe-18.04 package
Install the new xorgxrdp package by issuing the following command

sudo apt-get install xorgxrdp-hwe-18.04

This should fix your issue
Quick and Dirty fix - Downgrade to xorg-xserver-core packages
We assume that you have already installed xRDP package and you want to fix it

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-core
sudo apt-get -y install xserver-xorg-input-all

More info on http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=13390
Other option - use xrdp installer script to automate your installation
Note : To use this option, please remove the xrdp package you have installed
You can automate the xrdp installation and have it working nicely with Ubuntu Default Desktop using one of the following scripts

To use Ubuntu repository packages, read instructions and download the
script at http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=13933
To compile from source (easy
way), read instructions and download the script at
http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=13663

Hope this help
Till next time
See ya


How do I edit a 'read only' file in 12.04 Desktop?

Add the trick to your nautilus shortcuts:

wget http://www.liberiangeek.net/blog/tools/libnautilus-gksu.so
sudo cp libnautilus-gksu.so /usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-3.0/

Upon next restart, you should fidn "Open as Administrator" in all your right click menus.


Using the projector, you are using two different screens. Libreoffice automatically displays the presentation on the secondary screen. Other applications play where you launch them. To have your video appear on the secondary screen (projector), move the application there and start the video.

In Settings - Displays, you can see the current layout of your screens (and you can optionally change it there). Typically, your secondary screen will be on the right, and is to be seen as extended area of your current screen. So if you drag an application to the right it will start appearing on the projector screen.

A faster way to move an application to another screen is by pressing Super+Shift+Arrow keys.


Can i automatically kill any application that uses more than a certain percentage of the CPU and/or RAM?

If I were worried about high cpu usage I would do what supercomputer admins do and use cpulimit also stay away from the main offenders, continually updating websites,flash and coverting or watching video and things should stay fairly stable.

Hope this helps.


If you are using Unity, just search 'Startup Applications' in the Dash
and add Empathy to the list

(this command is empathy)


VLC on Ubuntu won't resize window to video

Alt+1/2/3/4 is working just fine on my system. I am using Ubuntu 16.10.
Try reinstalling it. In the terminal type:

sudo apt-get remove vlc

sudo apt-get install vlc

Alternatively, so the same using Ubuntu Software Center.


Using word list to brute force encrypted partition

The return value of

echo "passphrase" | sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda1 encrypted

is:

0, if there's a key for this passphrase
234, if there's no key for this passphrase

It shouldn't be too hard to write a bash script, that loops over your word list, trying each passphrase and checking the return value.

Example:

#!/bin/bash

DEVICE="/dev/sda1"

if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
   echo "This script must be run as root." 1>&2
   exit 1
fi

while read line; do

    echo "$line" | cryptsetup luksOpen "$DEVICE" encrypted 2>/dev/null

    # success
    if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
        cryptsetup luksClose encrypted
        echo "Passphrase: $line"
        exit 0
    fi

done < "$1"

echo "Passphrase not contained in word list."
exit 1

Save, change device, make executable, run like sudo ./find-password /path/to/wordlist and wait.

Note: This is slow. I don't know if it's because I tried this on a SD card, but it took five seconds to test four wrong passphrases (almost 6 days for 400,000 possible passphrases).

Update: Seems CPU bound. If you split your word list and do something like

(sudo ./find-password words.0 &) ; (sudo ./find-password words.1 &)

It will use two cores and almost half the time per try.


You can also use extundelete

First unmount (umount) the file system where the files have been deleted.
Then read the chapter What to do if you've deleted a file.

You can install extundelete from classic Ubuntu repository:

sudo apt-get install extundelete

Or better, you can download the latest version and compile it:

cd ~/Download
tar -xf extundelete-*.*.*-.tar.bz2  #Replace *.*.* by the version
cd      extundelete-*.*.*
sudo apt-get install e2fslibs-dev   #Required for compilation
./configure
make
sudo make install
extundelete --version               #Should be your *.*.* version

Example of usage: restore all deleted files from directory Images into new created directory restore

sudo extundelete --restore-directory Images/ -o restore /dev/sda3

Bad news if you see your file XXXX within the following format:

Unable to restore inode NNN (Images/XXXX): Space has been reallocated.

See all restored files (look for your file):

find restore -name '*'

Backup your file(s) and remove this temporary directory restore

cp restore/Images/XXXX MY_BACKUP_DIRECTORY
sudo rm -rf restore


First of all you should note that you are going to install Ubuntu on a second hard drive and not on the same disk alongside, Thus you shouldn't care if Ubuntu can show the Windows or not, since the booting option now is not controlled in the Ubuntu boot Manager which is called GRUB. The booting option now is controlled by your system BIOS, so that you have each time to choose which harddisk to boot from and thus boot the needed OS.

Anyway, To install Ubuntu now on the second harddrive you can keep the Windows HDD pluged but you should be careful to choose the right drive to install Ubuntu on(the free drive), and since this have some rescue I advise you to unplug the Windows drive from your Pc, then Install Ubuntu on the second drive then replug again the Windows.

Don't forget you have to choose the HDD to boot from the BIOS.


One definite way to make your system unusable is to crash it using:

sudo sh -c 'echo c > /proc/sysrq-trigger'

Or (if your /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq setting is set to something not so restrictive, like 1), press Alt + SysRq + C for the same effect.

These files are documented in the proc(5) manual:

  /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

  This  file  controls the functions allowed to be invoked by the SysRq key. [..]

  /proc/sysrq-trigger (since Linux 2.4.21)

  Writing a character to this file triggers the same SysRq function as typing ALT-SysRq-<character> (see the description of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq).  This file is normally writable only by root.  For further details see  the  Linux kernel source file Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst (or Documentation/sysrq.txt before Linux 4.10).

For more information about this "sysrq" feature, see https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/sysrq.html


I accidentally own /etc/ on user ubuntu in aws ec2

You will need to boot a live cd and run

sudo chown root:root -R /media/$USER/*/etc

You will need to open the folder in the file browser to mount the disk


How to open Firefox with proxy settings via terminal?

Normally Web browsers such as Firefox take their proxy settings from the system through the http_proxy environment variable but this can be changed from the menu:
"Edit" > "Preferences"

If from a terminal you enter firefox -ProfileManager you can create a separate profile for each of the proxies you want to use.

You can then open firefox with a specific profile with

firefox -P "profile1"

replacing profile1 with the profile for the proxy server you want.

That said the better way to do this is to use the http_proxy variable.

See here for more information on http_proxy


How to install librtaudio4 on Kubuntu-18.04.1?

I do not see any problems install this package from older Ubuntu version (14.04 LTS in current case) manually:

cd ~/Downloads
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/r/rtaudio/librtaudio4_4.0.12~ds0-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install ./librtaudio4_4.0.12~ds0-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb

Note: usually this method is not recommended, but while using it you do not need to recompile/rewrite source code of your application.


The Ambiance theme is maintained in the light-themes package.
You can find the source of the package in launchpad.

Note: it's not a git repo but a bzr repo; you can branch the project this way:

sudo apt-get install bzr
bzr branch lp:ubuntu-themes

Alternatively a quick way to get the source is:

apt-get source light-themes

Update: How to convert the ubuntu-themes bzr repo into git

There's probably several ways to do this, but here is mine. I often use git-lp to work with bzr branch on launchpad while keeping the power of git locally. Just follow the README to install it.

Once installed, the following commands will create a working git repo:

$ git lp init --fetch  lp:ubuntu-themes
$ cd ubuntu-themes
$ git lp branch my_dev

Then all you have to do is to push to your github repo (See Pushing to a remote)

I did the operation myself, here's my git repo containing ubuntu-themes.


How to automatically open and set a user and password from a ".ovpn" file?

You have not said what version/flavour of Ubuntu you are using but for Ubuntu 20.10 anyway you can open the settings GUI, select Network settings and add a vpn there by pressing the + button.
Choose Import from file... and select your .ovpn file and enter username/password.
Then the VPN can be enabled/disabled via the network settings or via the top-right system menu dropdown. Without re-entering password.
If you want the vpn to always be enabled you can run nm-connection-editor and edit the settings of your network connection (not vpn) to auto-connect to your vpn.


This facility already exists in Gedit in the 'Snippets' section. First ensure you have activated the Snippets pluging by opening Gedit and then going to:

Edit --> Preferences --> Plugins

and activate the Plugin as shown here:

Then go to:

Tools --> Manage Snippets

and finally:

Define a new snippet by using the '+' key and name it
Type your preferred letters in the 'Edit' section
Add a shortcut key to it

Below is my own version of what you are after, which I have named 'Code Marker' and mapped to Ctrl+T:

This is now available in your all of your Gedit documents; not a pure 'wrap' but pretty close to it :)

A note of caution: Be a little cautious of which keys you assign as shortcuts to avoid conflicts with default gedit shortcuts that might already be claiming these keys...


How do I allow access to userdir on 12.10?

The solution was to do sudo chmod 711 /home/username as explained in this thread at Linux-Noob.com


How to display a message each time eth1 is enabled?

After some searches, I found a way how you can do it:

First, disable the usual notification from  Network Manager. How? Your answer is here:

How to disable notification from network-manager

Run a script to notify you every time internet connects. How? Here is your answer:

How to run a script, depending on internet connection

How you can get notified from a script? Again, there are answers on Stack Exchange in this sense:

Is there a way to show notification from bash script in Ubuntu?
Sound notification in Ubuntu terminal


Convert Ubuntu Physical machine to Virtual machine

You can run Ubuntu in VirtualBox, via raw disk access. It will use a real disk as if it were a virtual disk.

To convert the disk into an image, see this answer.


If mpm_prefork installed then it may cause issues while enabling mpm_itk.

So disable mpm_prefork and then try enabling or try reinstalling mpm_itk.

# a2dismod mpm_prefork
# a2enmod mpm_itk

EDIT: Installation

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mpm-itk

Then try

a2enmod mpm_itk

You have choose proper package to install it seems , observe the below log

Setting up libapache2-mpm-itk (2.4.7-04-1) ...
apache2_invoke: Enable module mpm_itk
root@openstackm1:~# a2enmod mpm_itk
Considering dependency mpm_prefork for mpm_itk:
Considering conflict mpm_event for mpm_prefork:
Considering conflict mpm_worker for mpm_prefork:
Module mpm_prefork already enabled
Module mpm_itk already enabled
root@openstackm1:~#


Is it possible to upgrade the Evolution mail client to 3.16 in Ubuntu 14.04?

Yes, you can do, Install it from source code:

Download evolution 3.16 source code from here.

First install  dependencies

sudo apt-get build-dep evolution

Then compile it using

./configure
make
sudo make install


sudo: canonical-livepatch: command not found

I found some list of commands to make it work.

Below are the list of commands followed by steps in here.

sudo snap install canonical-livepatch

Make sure /snap/bin in your PATH, run:

echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/snap/bin' >> ~/.bashrc

# Load the file
source ~/.bashrc

#Verify path
echo "$PATH"

Now, enable the service with your token. The syntax is:

$ sudo canonical-livepatch enable {YOUR-TOKEN-HERE}

So if token was d3b07384d213edec49eaa6238ad5ff00, enter:

$ sudo canonical-livepatch enable d3b07384d213edec49eaa6238ad5ff00

Sample outputs:

Successfully enabled device. Using machine-token: d3b07384d213edec49eaa6238ad5ff00

View status

Type the following command to view kernel’s livepatch status:

$ canonical-livepatch status

Sample outputs:

kernel: 4.4.0-43.63-generic
fully-patched: true
version: ""

My kernel is fully patched. You can pass the --verbose option to see more details:

$ canonical-livepatch status --verbose

Source link.


ubuntu 12.04 is not showing on system start up?

Welcome Sreenath! Run the Ubuntu live cd,mount the drive where you installed Ubuntu(running Gparted application help you to see where is Ubuntu)and open a terminal(Cntrl+Alt+T open a terminal).Type this command Sudo update-grub.If it ask you to be root,then type sudo -i and run the previous command.Reboot your system and it should work.


How to switch to plane mode before suspend

After enabling programmatic suspend in your system with this script*:

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-suspend.pkla
[Re-enable suspend by default]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.suspend
ResultActive=yes
EOF

Create a script with the following then make it executable.

#!/bin/sh
rfkill block bluetooth
rfkill block wlan
exit 0
EOF

Create a symlink to it from your lappy's desktop; click and close your very nice rig!

Thanks to kiri, a dinkum cobber, for the script.


Is there a repository for Android Studio?

If you're looking for up to date PPA for Android Studio, it is ppa:maarten-fonville/android-studio— at the time of writing this PPA has supported Ubuntu version up to 19.04 which is current latest release.

Add the PPA.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:maarten-fonville/android-studio
sudo apt-get update

Then, you can either install:

Stable version.

sudo apt-get install android-studio

Preview version.

sudo apt-get install android-studio-preview


Tool to compare directories and files depending on specific given conditions

I would try this (commercial, pay for) tool:

Beyond Compare 3

Beyond Compare is a powerful time-saving utility for comparing files and folders. Use it to manage source code, keep folders in sync, compare program output, and validate copies of your data.

Beyond Compare can create a snapshot of a live directory structure, and compare it against the live copy at a later date. Beyond Compare helps you analyze differences in detail and carefully reconcile them.

It commands a wide range of file and text operations, as well as script commands for automating tasks.

Download Beyond Compare


One person's "bad programming" may be another person's "it's working as intended".

It's true that you need root priveleges to restart, start, stop etc and you are getting this message because you don't have those privileges.  But I agree that it would be nice if the message you got when you tried to do so without root privileges was more helpful.

You may want to check if bugs already exist in launchpad about this (presumably under upstart) and if not, report it.  It's the sort of thing, though, where I'd be fairly sure you wouldn't be the first person to notice it since it's so common.  Either way, bug research can be rewarding.


Intel Linux graphic drivers to HP 250 G5 laptop issue

Solved!

I installed "ppa-purge" (which is not installed by default) and I run it. So... I could uninstall the unwanted ṕackages and re-install the original system graphic drivers (ppa-purge does the whole job).


I need help installing AMD GPU propietary drivers on UBUNTU 17.10

I had the same issues with the black screen, until I realized that my Monitor is still connected via DVI. Yep, that took me some time to find out it might be that.

When I connected to some screen via HDMI or DisplayPort, I had a screen output again. For all AMD-GPU driver versions up to 17.40 I got an error message then on the text console.
After that I realized that you can see already a compile error, when amdgpu-install tries to compile the kernel module.

BUT:
Depending on what you want to do, I saw at least some success today with the 17.50 drivers in Ubuntu 17.10.

If you want to have complete driver support, I have to admit I did not test that with driver 17.50.

But if you want to do some GPU mining or other opencl based things instead, then this is what helped me to reach this goal:

find the driver here: http://support.amd.com/en-us/kb-articles/Pages/Radeon-Software-for-Linux-Release-Notes.aspx
download the version "Radeon™ Software for Linux® Driver Version 17.50 for Ubuntu 16.04.3"
unzip for example with "tar -xJlpvf amdgpu-pro-17.50-511655.tar.xz"
in the created directory, run: "./amdgpu-install --headless --opencl=legacy"
restart (maybe not necessary)
now clinfo brings some nice information, and some mining tools work fine as well (ethminer or xmr-stak-amd)

Hope that helps!


Why is /etc/profile not being loaded during non-login bash shell sessions?

Per default, gnome-terminal does not start bash as a login shell (I assume you mean bash started inside a gnome-terminal). That means bash will not read /etc/profile or ~/.profile. As you have correctly observed, bash will read those files if started as a login shell.

The quick fix to your problem is to configure gnome-terminal to start bash as a login shell so it will read /etc/profile. To do that you have to enable "Run Command as a login shell" in the gnome-terminal "Profile Preferences" reachable from the Edit menu.

I do not recommend doing this because it messes up the distinction between ~/.profile and ~/.bashrc. Ideally ~/.profile should do stuff which is required only once, during login, while ~/.bashrc should do stuff which is required everytime bash is started.

There is a question and answer at superuser talking about the difference between bashrc and profile. Read there for more information.

From your problem description it seems that the rvm script needs to be loaded only once, during login. As far as I know Ubuntu has configured the graphical login to read /etc/profile/ and ~/.profile. That means, after logging out and a logging in once, the rvm script should be active. If it still doesn't work, then perhaps the rvm script needs to be loaded for every bash session. If that is the case then bashrc is the more appropriate place for the script.


All HWE kernel versions can be seen in Ubuntu Wiki article.


Stateless layout switching in Ubuntu 14.04

This command will set layout to the first one (It works nicely with Unity/Gnome Indicator, Ubuntu 13.10/14.04):

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources current 0

You can use tweak tools, gnome action, compiz action plugin..etc to create a keyboard shortcut for it.

Layouts are indexed starting from 0. So you can make shortcut for any layout in the list.

You can use this to create complex script for last layout without giving an index:

 gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.input-sources sources

Like:

 gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources current $(($(gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.input-sources sources | grep -Po "'[[:alpha:]]+'\)" | wc -l)-1))


which Dia package should I download for ubuntu 14.04 64-bit

Dia is available from the official repositories, so just install from there:

sudo apt-get install dia

Or visit the Ubuntu application catalogue.


Maven3 is the default in Ubuntu 12.04 (precise)

Maven2 is the latest in the repositories for 11.10.

PPAs for maven3 seem rather scarce - here is one for maverick - although not the very latest version available.

The best advice is to stay with the stable version available for your distro version.

However if you like to keep up-to-date yourself it is very straightforward to download the code and install yourself.

Download the .tar.gz file from here and follow the installation guidance on the same web-page


The wireless and network icon was provided by Network Manager - you'll need to work out if WICD supplies something else in its place to have that showing.


How to solve "Failed to fetch gzip:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/PACKAGE"?

open your terminal and do as

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/ar.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_oneiric_universe_i18n_Translation-en

sudo apt-get update

All the best :)


Mount /home dir from specific directory from external drive

The way you are thinking of, manually symlink dirs, is by far the best and most secure one, except that you should not link the entire user home directory.
In Linux, each user has a home directory, /home/$USER (with $USER the login of the user). This contains folders to user data (Documents, Videos, ...). It also contains user configuration data in hidden files and folders, i.e., files and folders where the name starts with a dot. The latter may require specific permissions to be set. Therefore, they must live on a partition that fully supports linux permissions.
Therefore, I would leave the home directory on a file system that fully supports the linux file permissions. You can then replace the folders to user data (Documents, Videos, ...) with links pointing to their equivalents on your C:\ drive.


How to configure docker registry with nginx

I had a very similar problem that turned out to be caused by proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto  $scheme;. I had two layers of proxy, and the nginx in front of docker-registry ended up setting X-Forwarded-Proto to "http" even though ultimately docker push was accessing it over "https".

Either deleting that line, or setting it to "https" instead of $scheme did the trick for me, but perhaps some work with map directive and $http_x_forwarded_proto would be better.

Here's what I ended up doing:

http {

  ...

  # If X-Forwarded-Proto was set, use that, otherwise fallback to
  # $scheme. Used below to set X-Forwarded-Proto when proxying to the
  # registry.
  map $http_x_forwarded_proto $my_scheme {
    default $http_x_forwarded_proto;
    '' $scheme;
  }

  server {
    ...
    location /v2/ {
      ...
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $my_scheme;
    }
  }
}


Install dconf-editor using synaptic
Uninstall these packets using synaptic :

unity-lens-photos
unity-lens-music
unity-lens-video
unity-lens-friends
unity-scope-calculator
unity-scope-chromiumbookmarks
unity-scope-clementine
unity-scope-colourlovers
unity-scope-devhelp
unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks
unity-scope-gdrive
unity-scope-gmusicbrowser
unity-scope-gourmet
unity-scope-guayadeque
unity-scope-manpages
unity-scope-musicstores
unity-scope-musique
unity-scope-openclipart
unity-scope-texdoc
unity-scope-tomboy
unity-scope-video-remote
unity-scope-virtualbox
unity-scope-yelp
unity-scope-zotero

Open dconf-editor

Go to >> com >> canonical >> unity >> dash

Set the value :

['home.scope', 'applications.scope', 'files.scope']

After that :

Turn off computer
Turn on computer


How can I remove the rounded edges and transparent border from a metacity theme?

To change the corners, you will have to edit the theme, or choose a different one. Also, you should ensure compositing is enabled, if you want rounded corners. You can do this by using compiz instead, or by running gconf-editor, opening the /apps/metacity/general item in the tree, and enabling the compositor_effects option in the list on the right. With that on, you should not see this artifact in the theme.


Disabling gedit backup files (filename~ tilde)

If you wanted a root gedit to not create backups then simply disable in root's gsettings (editing root's gsettings should be done with care & in only some limited places).

sudo -i

then

gsettings set org.gnome.gedit.preferences.editor create-backup-copy false

Note that starting in 13.10, I'd probably stick to gksudo gedit or just use a cli editor such as nano.


Why is the top menu-bar not accessable when previewing open windows of an application?

What you have noticed is by design and has not changed in recent ubuntu versions.

The preview is infact a Compiz overlay on the desktop - the purpose of which is simply to allow you to select the window that you want to bring to the foreground.

The icon highlighting is due to the underlying icons responding to a mouse-over event.  The overlay itself is taking control of mouse-click events - specifically for the windows in the expo mode.

If you want to discuss this further, I would suggest an IRC chat on the #ubuntu-devel channel or a brainstorm suggestion.


Skype does currently not play well on ubuntu. A work around in your current situation would be to kill all running skype instances e.g. pkill skype or killall skype and then launch skype again.

If you want to avoid this in the future, don't close skype, just minimize it.

As an alternative, you might want to try the skype wrapper as described here. As far as I know, this wrapper should be able to handle your situation as well.


Edit your /etc/vsftpd.conf file.

Change from:

#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
#write_enable=YES

Change to:

#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES


System freezes when trying to install Ubuntu 18.04

The rufus program uses two methods to format a drive: iso and dd. The iso option uses legacy bios and dd uses UEFI. Whatever option you used first to format your drive, try using the other option. If you are having trouble formatting your flash drive, rufus should reformat it for you. If that does not work, try to boot up from it again and when it displays a keyboard and a person at the bottom of the screen, hit the tab button. Then hit enter on "English" and press enter again on "Try Ubuntu without installing." When the desktop appears, click the "Install Ubuntu" icon on the desktop.


Is it possible to monitor notifications?

In theory at least, you can find all notifications in the file

$HOME/.cache/notify-osd.log

However, I no longer find that file in 12.04.

There is an applet called "recent notifications", and you can install it by adding a PPA repository:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jconti/recent-notifications
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-notifications

Maybe that will help.


setting up rsync cron job, not executing

By doing sudo crontab -e, you edited root's crontab (I guess to ensure your backup executed as root).

However, root's crontab has a field that $USER crontabs do not.

root crontab specifies the USERID to use in the 6th field, and the rest of the parameters move over.

See man 5 crontab, the EXAMPLE SYSTEM CRON FILE section.

You should specify (in root's `crontab only)

0 22 * * * root rsync -av --delete /media /mnt
           ^^^^

But, a better way to do it is to wrap the rsync command in a bash script (which uses full bash syntax, is easy to change, test, add debug stuff, ...) and call that script from cron.


I had to end the Software Updater and reboot, then use terminal to do sudo apt-get update

Then, I also followed the instructions to run dpkg --configure -a

After that, I did sudo apt-get update again, followed by sudo apt-get upgrade

This worked for me, but I'm not saying definitively that this will fix your issue as well.


A better way to install ubuntu 12.04 on 500 desktops

Preseed will be good for off-line install:

To Remaster CD see:

How do I create a completely unattended install of Ubuntu?

Other Preseed Tutorials:

https://pthree.org/2008/05/20/automating-debianubuntu-installs-with-preseed/

https://fak3r.com/2011/08/18/howto-automate-debian-installs-with-preseed/


Command only has effect when ran from terminal.

Go to the menu, type in startup.

Select "Session and Startup"

Select the "Application Autostart" tab and click the add button.

Enter some details and paste in the command from your question.

Click OK, close the remaining dialogs, log out, log back in, and see if it worked.


How to create rings when installing swift on ubuntu 12.04?

@Shrikant

I am assuming you are using latest Swift release (havana) from cloud archive

Also see

# fdisk /dev/sdb
# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
# echo "/dev/sdb1 /srv/node/sdb1 xfs noatime,nodiratime,nobarrier,logbufs=8 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
# mkdir -p /srv/node/sdb1
# mount /srv/node/sdb1
# chown -R swift:swift /srv/node

Are you having similar partition?


Using smart card reader Gemalto IDBridge K30

I am not a specialist. but I have already configure a Gemalto cryptocard using the following methodology (Done with distrib debian jessie)
You need  to add 2 more packages pcscd et opensc.
apt-get install pcscd opensc

Pour valider les installations
pcsc_scan
opensc-tool -a -n
# erase si la clef a déjà été utilisée
pkcs15-init -E -T <\code>
#create a new card
pkcs15-init --create-pkcs15 --profile pkcs15+onepin --label "Pénom Nom"
 # demande de pin
 # demande de PUK (récupératione en cas de blocage

create a RSA private/public key
pkcs15-init --auth-id 1 --generate-key rsa/2048 --key-usage sign,decrypt --label "Prenom Nom SSH Key"
# Be patient more than 30secondes}

TO see key structure:
pkcs15-tool dump
# just public keys
pkcs15-tool --list-public-keys

Use ID of the key to extract public RSA key from the card
# remplace with the good  ID done by pkcs15-tool --dump
pkcs15-tool --read-ssh-key b70000568953221


why there is no /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d/50-systemd-user.sh

The script is available in the systemd source, found on Github
(link goes to systemd version 229, which is installed on my Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS install)