How do I list all options a file system is mounted with?

The problem is that you are not understanding what "rootfs" means.

If you cat /proc/mounts, or filter the output with grep or awk, you do indeed get a list of all them mounts and the options as indicated by @steeldriver.

The first line, rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 is not your root partition, it is used by the kernel.

  What is rootfs?

  Rootfs is a special instance of ramfs (or tmpfs, if that's enabled), which is
  always present in 2.6 systems.  You can't unmount rootfs for approximately the
  same reason you can't kill the init process; rather than having special code
  to check for and handle an empty list, it's smaller and simpler for the kernel
  to just make sure certain lists can't become empty.

  Most systems just mount another filesystem over rootfs and ignore it.  The
  amount of space an empty instance of ramfs takes up is tiny.

  If CONFIG_TMPFS is enabled, rootfs will use tmpfs instead of ramfs by
  default.  To force ramfs, add "rootfstype=ramfs" to the kernel command
  line.

See https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/ramfs-rootfs-initramfs.txt

Look closer at the output, or filter the results with grep or awk

grep '/dev' /proc/mounts


Ubuntu currently does not support YAFFS2. There is a feature request to package the YAFFS2 kernel module, which would provide mount support for the filesystem: [needs-packaging] yaffs2.

Kernel support

Thus, currently, if you need mount support you will have to compile it yourself. The YAFFS website has instructions for compiling a Linux kernel with YAFFS support (using Precise 32-bit):

Preparing to build Linux with Yaffs
Building Yaffs into Linux

The Ubuntu wiki also has general information on compiling your own kernel.

Extract and rebuild

Alternatively, try using yaffs2utils to extract and rebuild the image.

Note that due to a bug, you must specify the --yaffs-ecclayout option or it will silently fail. So to extract, try something like

git clone https://code.google.com/p/yaffs2utils/
cd yaffs2utils && make && cd ..
./yaffs2utils/unyaffs2 --yaffs-ecclayout system.img tempdir

Theoretically you can also rebuild the image using mkyaffs2, but I couldn't get it to work (the result wasn't bootable).

Yaffey

I found a program, Yaffey, that lets you edit a YAFFS2 image using a GUI:

While the home page says it's Windows-only, with a trivial change it compiles on Ubuntu Precise. To do so:

Install dependencies: sudo apt-get install qt-sdk
hg clone https://code.google.com/p/yaffey/
In the file yaffey/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.h, change the line

typedef unsigned loff_t;

to

#include <stdlib.h>

Compile: cd yaffey && qmake && make
Run ./yaffey.
Open your image, make your desired changes, and save (it refuses to overwrite; you have to select a different filename).

When I tried it, the resulting image booted successfully in the Android emulator.


Here is a script called run_scaled which uses xpra to run a single application in a scaled environment:

https://github.com/kaueraal/run_scaled


Today I was tired of trying to resolve the exact same problem with the same sound card and guess what... I simply installed the paprefs package that adds to your tools pulseaudio preferences; I could then configure my card and voila!!!


bash: populating array with elements containing spaces and special characters

What you're doing is tricky. The normal way is to avoid this and just pass the array values as arguments. In order to have both options, you would have to use eval:

#!/bin/bash
function populate_array () {
    if [ "$#" -gt 0 ] ; then
        # Enter array w/ elements as argument of executable
        # Note the quotes, they are needed
        array=("$@");
        n=$#
    else
        # Invoke executable with no arg, enter array element later
        # Read a string instead of an array and use eval to make it
        # into an array. That way, you can use tricks like escaping
        # spaces. You also need the -r option to protect the backslashes
        # so that eval will see them.
        read -r  -p "Enter array elements separated by spaces: " string
        eval array="( $(printf '%s\n' "$string") )"
        n=${#array[@]}
    fi
    printf "%d array elements \n" "$n"
}

populate_array "$@"

while (("$n" > 0))   # while [ "$n" -gt 0 ] ALSO WORKS
do
    printf "%s \n" "${array[$n-1]}"
    n=$n-1
done
exit 0

You still need to escape the parentheses if you pass the array values as an argument since ( ) are reserved characters for bash. With that caveat, the script above should work as you expect:

$ foo.sh lkl1239 343.4l 3,344 \(34\) "lklk  lkl" lkaa\ lkc
6 array elements
lkaa lkc
lklk  lkl
(34)
3,344
343.4l
lkl1239

And

$ foo.sh
Enter array elements separated by spaces:  lkl1239 343.4l 3,344 \(34\) "lklk  lkl" lkaa\ lkc
6 array elements
lkaa lkc
lklk  lkl
(34)
3,344
343.4l
lkl1239


USB installer: “ Initramfs unpacking failed: Decoding failed”

It's kind of a bogus error, unless you can't fully boot into Ubuntu.
Either boot into Ubuntu, or into Recovery Mode from the GRUB menu...

GRUB menu

Additional Options

Recovery Mode

Root Access

...and type the following commands. This will rebuild the (possibly) broken ramdisk file.
sudo update-initramfs -c -k $(uname -r)
reboot


How to format hard disk in Ubuntu 14.04?

Try to make a bootable CD or pendrive of Ubuntu and then choose Try Ubuntu option. That is try to run live ubuntu and then using GParted (Which is in-built) try to format the partition in which your other OS is.


Why do some running applications launch a new session when their icon is clicked in the launcher?

At the launching of an application, the launcher uses two variables to decide to start
several instances of the same application or not.
By example, if I install squirrel sql (a java application to browse a database) and create a launcher WITHOUT StartupWMClass, then the launcher will start several squirrel processes wich is VERY annoying !
In the file launcher that is used to start the application you can find :
StartupNotify and  StartupWMClass
StartupNotify=true : we want the notification.
StartupWMClass : used to find a way to detect if the application was already started.
Please have a look at
unity launcher log question


"grub rescue" prompt after using hp recovery manager to reinstall Windows 7

If windows 7 is installed in the same partition where ubuntu was previously installed then there is no way to rescue ubuntu. If you do not want to use ubuntu and continue to use win7 only then you can restore windows boot manager using windows installation dvd. Follow instructions after booting from windows dvd.
If windows and ubuntu are installed in separate partitions you can easily revive grub boot manager using a ubuntu live system. The internet has a lot info how to do that.


There are some things that are weird.

  formatted through Win 7

is unlikely. Ubuntu -must- be used on a filesystem that uses permissions (officially called POSIX-compliant). "ext4" is such a filesystem, The Microsoft filesytems are not.

It could be that you installed using "wubi". If that is the case you installed Ubuntu inside of Windows. You can see the difference when booting: with "wubi" you pick the OS in the Windows boot. Without you pick the OS in "grub".

Wubi:

Grub:

  I still have Windows boot files on the drive

If you used Wubi re-install.
If you have grub you can do 2 things:

re-install from an Ubuntu boot (so set BIOS to boot from USB or DVD and boot from it. Pick "install Ubuntu" and at the partitioning part, created partitions for / (25Gb is enough or the whole disk minus the room for swap) and swap (2x memory unless you have a lot of it) and maybe a /home (the remainder of the disk)) not by selecting an executable on the dvd.
use a tool called "gparted" to remove all traces of windows and add it to Ubuntu. It is best to do this through a live session. You can use the Ubuntu live of create a gParted live. Delete all the NTFS partition (if you have though I would suggest to leave the partition named "recovery". Always best to be able to restore it to factory settings if you ever intend to sell this machine. And it is a few Mbs anyways) and the resize your Ubuntu partition.

  Swap

There are several topics on that on AU and other sites. See for instance How do I add a swap partition after system installation?


How do I get Ubuntu 13.04 to recognize my pre-installed windows 8 OS?

I am assuming you just have a single hard-drive on your machine.
You need to identify carefully(sometimes there are hidden partitons).
Step 1:
First information you need is to find if your partitions on the drive. And what are their contents.
Step 2:
Find if they are primary partions or Logical ones.(There can be only 4 partitions on a drive. Your 4 may be primary while a 5th be logical)
Step 3:
You will need to free at least one primary partition.(Chose carefully), By free i mean destroy one partition to get free space.
You may also remove all the other recovery drives but that is upto you.
This can be done from the manager in windows or using third party software (easily found by google search)
Step 4:
Burn a Ubuntu latest version .iso file to a DVD. You can find that here.
Step 5.
Insert the disk and boot from the CD and perform installation of OS.
Alternative option:
Option 1:
If you don't want to sacrifice the recovery drives. A wubi installation from the Ubuntu Disc is also a option which will install ubuntu inside your windows.
Header 3
Wubi Download
Option 2:
Use a virtual machine software like (Virtual Box)  to run the Ubuntu on windows(wubi is a better option though)
IF you just want grub from Ubuntu to recognize your Windows part ion for a dual boot
follow this link:
Grub does not show a Windows 8 option after dual boot


I can't ssh to my Amazon AWS Ubuntu instance using a newly created user and a key pair?

You seem to have a misunderstanding about the public key you upload to the server.

This key must be stored in the file ~/.ssh/authorized_keys for every user that should be identified by this key.

So for now you could copy the key file with

sudo cp ~ubuntu/.ssh/authoriyed_keys ~grader/.ssh

then give the file the correct owner and permissions

sudo chown grader:grader ~grader/.ssh/authorized_keys
sudo chmod 0600 ~grader/.ssh/authorized_keys

Keep in mind that now you accept all keys that you might have enabled for the user ubuntu before.


Error while saving screenshot with any screenshot software

can you manually make a file in Pictures? One command to do so is this:

touch ~/Pictures/test.fyle


Open the File Manager (nautilus) and go to Files -> Enter Location or press Ctrl + L.

Type /usr/share/applications and press Enter.

Now, copy the required applications and paste them on the Desktop.

You can now open these applications by double-clicking on them.


I don't think there's anything currently out there that directly provides this functionality, short of running a console text editor within Guake.

You may be able to repurpose Scribes into a tolerable substitute, though. With a little help from Compiz and custom keyboard shortcuts, it gets pretty close to what I imagine you're looking for. At first glance, Scribes is fairly plain looking:

Press Ctrl+H, though, and your screen will be overlaid with a sizable army of keyboard shortcuts for advanced text editing functions like word completion, automatic quote escaping, and multi-edit mode.

Assign a custom keyboard shortcut like Ctrl+` to scribes /home/user/notes.txt for instant access to your notes. When you're done, just close the window (Ctrl+W). It saves automatically.

To keep your notes (and only your notes) always on top, set CCSM ▸ Window Management ▸ Window Rules ▸ Matches ▸ Above to class=Scribes & title=notes.txt.


When should shared NFS dir be unmounted?

I would set a user for the share, and keep the service online entirely, unless it is strenuous on your system. This way you would not need to continue to login to the server, as well as it secures the mount, with a password-protected user.


Why did KDE 4.11 from ppa remove kwin-style-qtcurve?

https://bugs.launchpad.net/kubuntu-ppa/+bug/1213066

  Philip Muškovac (yofel) wrote 4 hours ago:  qtcurve fix uploaded to
  backport ppa.


Is there any way to use Ubuntu with an Android phone?

This can be achieved with 'Android Notifier' application.

The application is simple in premise: when your phone receives texts, incoming calls, media messages, voice-mail or other relevant alerts it pushes these notifications to your Ubuntu screen via Bluetooth or WiFi so that you don’t miss them.The service displays notifications using the systems default notification service(notify-osd in case of ubuntu).

Phone-call notification:

SMS Notification:

How-To Setup (Tested only on Ubuntu Natty & Ubuntu Precise):

On Desktop:

It requires java.You can get it from here.

Install 'android notifer' on your desktop from here. After installing it , start the application (from accessories/android notifier desktop or search it in dash).It is still using using old gnome-panel notification area applet.So the indicator doesn't appear on unity panel. To run the configuration-window press  Alt+F2 & type /usr/share/android-notifier-desktop/run.sh -p. This will open Android notifier preference.

If you want to use notify-osd select libnotify also install libnotify-bin package(sudo apt-get install libnotify-bin). Initially set 'receive notification from any device' from device menu.

On Android:

First install android notifier from here. or from the android market.

Start the application.Go to 'notification method' If you want to wifi (Both your laptop & phone has to be connected on the same wifi netwok.), select wifi, or if you want to use  bluetooth select bluetooth.If you want to use your 3g network or over usb select the option accordingly. Get more help from here.

You can select events to notify under main menu->events to notify section.The default options are: Phone Ring, SMS, MMS, Battery, Voicemail etc.

Wifi Setup:

Go to IP/Wifi Option:

Under target IP address select 'custom or host'.

Under custom ip address(es) type your ip address. To view your ip address click network manager on the panel & select connection information.

Under Network protocol section make all the three options(send with udp, send with tcp, sendover cell network) are selected.

Now go back to main menu & click 'Send test notification' to check whether it is working properly.If everything runs smoothly you will get a test notification as notify-osd bubble.

Bluetooth Setup(Recommended):

If you already paired your device delete pairing. There is a bug in code that if device is already paired Bluetooth doesn't work.

Under Bluetooth option enable 'auto-enable-bluetooth'.

Now Go back to main menu & try to send a test notification.

It will ask to you to pair your device. Follow onscreen instruction.After successful  pairing it will send  a test notification.

At this point on android go to main-menu->notification methods->bluetooth options->target device.Select your target device.If this is set to "Any device" (the default), the notifications will be sent to the first computer device found.

DONE!

Troubleshooting:

If anything goes wrong you can check log from ~/.local/share/android-notifier-desktop/android-notifier-desktop.log file.

Bluetooth Issues

Indicator-Applet issue.

Report a bug here.


You're have to place /usr/bin/setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=80 to your /etc/rc.local file.
You can use an external monitor to see someting for make this correction.

Note: B=XX, when XX - brightness of backlight, more digit means darker backlight.


Where are ssh client private keys stored?

ssh-add doesn't store anything locally or remotely on disk. This command loads your private key, asking once for its password, into the SSH Agent that was previously started.

The SSH Agent holds the private keys in memory only. When you launch the SSH client, it uses the private key from the SSH Agent, without asking for the private key password again, to authenticate against the target server.

The .ssh directory will contains (in the home directory of any user) :

authorized_keys : list of public keys allowed to be used to connect to this server
config : optional file with configuration parameters for the SSH client
the public and private keys you've generated on this host for this user.
known_hosts : maintain a list of hosts to which you already connected together with a hash to detect if the host key has changed since the last time.


the problem is that this application does not come with a .desktop file, without a .desktop file you should not be able to pin applications to the launcher (as unity can not launch them again).

Essentially its a bug that you can pin this application at all, you shouldn't get the option.

you can potentially create a .Desktop file for this application and put it in /home//.local/share/applications/resourceeditor.desktop but i wouldn't recommend it for future compatibility.


Cannot access windows folder (dual boot laptop)

Start the windows OS again and cleanly shutdown or restart the laptop from there. Then check from the ubuntu. Your problem should be fixed.

The problem could be, that fast boot enabled is enabled in Windows. So Windows dos not unmount the partitions when shutdown process but on restart it will.


Nautilus does not display drives properly

I've had experience with vanishing menu entries, although in my case it was what I wanted!

I believe the problem is that Nautilus doesn't show external media that aren't mounted under /media.  So by mounting under /mnt (which, by the way, is usually left as an empty folder to mount to directly in case the sysadmin needs a quick mount point), you are hiding them yourself!

There are two solutions.  First, mount them under /media.  This is quick and painless.

Second, you could write a udev rule that tells udisks to recognize them (Nautilus uses udisks IIRC), even though they're mounted somewhere else.  I haven't tried this method, but it might work.  Make a udev rule, like /etc/udev/rules.d/10-showdrives.rules, and put in it the following:

KERNEL=="sda[0-9]", ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}="0"

Or if you want to use UUIDs (a good idea), have one line looking something like the following for each of your volumes.

SYMLINK=="disk/by-uuid/YOUR_UUID_HERE", ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}="0"

If the latter doesn't work, rename the file to something like 99-showdrives.rules to let udev make symlinks.

I adapted this from the opposite advice (which I have tried; it works) at
the Arch Wiki page for KDE.


I have "apache reload" in my sudoers file along with NOPASSWD, but it still asks

Are you typing, exactly, sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 reload? You must.

Have you inspected /var/log/auth.log* and /var/log/syslog*? –


flatpak install org.telegram.desktop gives the Error: No remote refs found

I suppose you have missed flathub installation source from commandline:
flatpak install flathub org.telegram.desktop
The command above will work if you have added this installation source before by running:
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

Reference: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.telegram.desktop


Ubuntu 20.04, HP ProBook 445 G7 4700U black screen after boot

This is why Ubuntu makes it hard to upgrade to the latest kernel, to prevent problems like this from happening. I'd recommend trying an older kernel if you haven't deleted the original kernel yet; when you boot up your computer, press the ESC key right before the computer starts booting into Ubuntu. Then use the UP/DOWN arrow keys and the Enter key to navigate the Grub boot menu. Select "Advanced options for Ubuntu" and then select the kernel that the graphics worked with before. Remove the newer kernel, and move on.
This might not work, depending on what's causing the issue, but it's worth a try anyways.


Increase Ubuntu partition size under virtual machine

You have to boot from Ubuntu live disk.So that you can be able to resize your installed Ubuntu partition on Virtualbox.

First Right-click on the Ubuntu virtual machine and select settings option.From the settings menu, select Storage option.Finally choose CD/DVD virtual disk file(choose an iso file of Ubuntu in which you want to boot).I had choosed Ubuntu 13.04 iso file.

Now from the Ubuntu settings, select System option.From the boot-order, enable only CD/DVD option and put it on the top.

Now strat the selected Ubuntu virtual machine(Ubuntu is name given for my virtual machine).
It will boot from the iso file(live disk) you have to select Try Ubuntu option on startup.Then open gparted from dash.

In my case /dev/sr0 represents Ubuntu 13.04 live disk and /dev/sda1 represents the partition where Ubuntu 13.10 is installed.
Now You can be able to unmount all the /dev/sda disk partitions like in the above screenshot.
Resize your /dev/sda1 ext4 partition by adding the unallocated space with it or just add some space from the free space then using the remaining space, create an extended partition(make a swap within it).
After resizing, shutdown the virtual machine and change the boot-order to Hard-disk on virtual machine settings.
It will boot from the hard-disk.Now your Ubuntu partition size will be resized.

Note: I am running Virtual box not vmware fusion.


Reasons why to use and not to use an Alpha, Beta or RC release?

These versions are not considered stable. So, using them is risky. The probability of getting into trouble is bigger, and this is the reason Not to use them.

The reasons to use them are:

You start using more recent software earlier. So, in most cases you will enjoy a more modern software ecosystem.
You get the possibility of helping the project better, since you are then able to report problems with the Alpha, Beta and RC versions.

As for me, given that I am a programmer and that I am highly dependent of my computer to work, I always use the Stable Release. Though, in my private computer I enable the proposed and backports repositories, so I am able use the most recent (and unstable) software (for which I can report problems too). At my job's workstation I only use the regular repositories.

While I was a student I always used the beta release, and it was once problematic when trying to upgrade it.

edit: There is a third option: You can also stick to the LTS releases and just update LTS releases. This is the least-maintenance-requiring option.


How can I determine if a process has a window, and subsequently show, hide or close it?

Script to look up possible window(s) of given pid, then show, minimize or close it

Since you mention the command line, the script below runs in a terminal window. You run it with the pid as an argument, e.g.:

python3 /path/to/script.py 1234

Subsequently, a window (list) appears, of which you can choose a (list-) number and type an option to perform on it:

Current Windows for pid 2189:
------------------------------------------------------------
[1] Niet-opgeslagen document 1 - gedit
[2] testbackup.py (~/Bureaublad) - gedit

------------------------------------------------------------
Type window number + option:
-k  [kill (gracfully)]
-m  [minimize]
-s  [show]
Press <Enter> to cancel
------------------------------------------------------------
1 -k

If there are no windows:

There are no windows for pid 1234

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import sys

pid = sys.argv[1]

message = """
------------------------------------------------------------
Type window number + option:
-k  [kill (gracfully)]
-m  [minimize]
-s  s[how]
<Enter> to cancel
------------------------------------------------------------
"""
# just a helper function
get = lambda cmd: subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode("utf-8").strip()
# get the window list
wlist = [l.split()[0] for l in get(["wmctrl", "-lp"]).splitlines() if pid in l]
# create a indexed list of window name, id
wdata = [[i+1, get(["xdotool", "getwindowname", w_id]), w_id] \
         for i, w_id in enumerate(wlist)]

# if the list is not empty (windows exist)
if wdata:
    # print the window list
    print("\nCurrent Windows for pid "+pid+":\n"+"-"*60)
    for item in wdata:
        print("["+str(item[0])+"]", item[1])
    # ask for user input (see "message" at the top)
    action = input(message)
    action = action.split()
    # run the chosen action
    try:
        subj = [item[2] for item in wdata if item[0] == int(action[0])][0]
        options = ["-k", "-m", "-s"]; option = options.index(action[1])
        command = [
            ["wmctrl", "-ic", subj],
            ["xdotool", "windowminimize", subj],
            ["wmctrl", "-ia", subj],
            ][option]
        subprocess.Popen(command)
    except (IndexError, ValueError):
        pass
else:
    print("There are no windows for pid", pid)

How to use

The script uses both xdotool and wmctrl:

sudo apt-get install wmctrl xdotool

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as get_wlist.py
Run it with the command:

python3 /path/to/get_wlist.py <pid>

Explanation on the procedure

About xdotool and wmctrl:

To manipulate, move or close windows, there are two important tools on Linux: xdotool and wmctrl. Of these two, xdotool is probably the most robust one, which I prefer in general. Although the options of both tools overlap, they do complete each other however, and to create a window list we simply need wmctrl.

In most cases therefore, I end up using a mixture of both tools.

What the script does:

The script gets the currently opened window list, using the command:

wmctrl -lp

Which gives us information on both the window id and the pid it belongs to, with an output, looking like:

0x05a03ecc  0 2189   jacob-System-Product-Name Niet-opgeslagen document 1 - gedit

The script then filters out the windows, belonging to the corresponding pid, looks up the window name with the xdotool command:

xdotool getwindowname <window_id>

and displays the found windows by name. Under the hood, these windows are numbered.
subsequently, if the user types a number + an option, the corresponding action is performed on the chosen window:

wmctrl -ic <window_id>

to close the window gracefully, or

xdotool windowminimize <window_id>

to minimize the chosen window, or

wmctrl -ia <window_id>

to raise the window.


First, signup for a remote log in by clicking remote login onthe login screen and then the question mark, then click setup and then go ahead with your details. You are now ready to go.


What are the minimum system requirements for ubuntu 12.04 desktop?

According to Ubuntu the requirements for Ubuntu Desktop are,

1. 700 MHz processor (about Intel Celeron or better)
2. 512 MiB RAM (system memory)
3. 5 GB of hard-drive space (or USB stick, memory card or external drive but see LiveCD for an alternative approach)
4. VGA capable of 1024x768 screen resolution
5. Either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media
6. Internet access is helpful

For requirements for other types are give here.


Dell laptop running Ubuntu 20.04 LTS overheating problem and fans running fast

TL;DR Check NVIDIA X Server Settings and change it from Performance Mode to either Power Saving Mode or On-Demand.


16.04 detects 3.6 GB of Memory from a total of 32 GB

There are two likely causes for this:

If you're running a 32-bit version of Ubuntu, it will only use a maximum of about 3.5 GB of your installed RAM, regardless how many and how big DIMMs you have.  Since your system reports as 64-bit, if this is the case it may indicate additional problems; reinstalling clean is the most reliable way to fix this, though it may be due to leftover start command settings in GRUB.
It's not unheard of to receive counterfeit parts.  That is to say, it's possible you were sold 2 GB DIMMs as 32 GB DIMMs.  Since I see from your last comment that you're running 64-bit Ubuntu, this seems the more likely possibility.  If you remove one of the DIMMs and look at the part number stamped on one of the chips, you/we may be able to verify that the chip part is in fact a 32 Gb chip, or alternately that it's a 2 Gb part.


Computer under Ubuntu 12.04 randomly locking up when inactive

if you are running your system overclocked it may cause issues. I was having the same problems with full lockups and failing to resume     after suspend. I also disabled pll over volt and any other things that my computer doesn't need and i haven't had a lock up in a week, hope this helps you.


Kubuntu booted to a black screen and I had to restart sddm. Now the performance is super slow

I restarted a couple of hours later and it looks like the problem resolved itself.


in my case (Ubuntu 18.04.3, qca6174 hw2.1 firmware) the problem was not solved with kernel 4.15, nor did kernel 5 solve it.

After tearing my hair for 2 days, I was able to solve the problem with an older firmware qca6174 version.

I was not able to unload the ath10k_pci module before suspend automatically, not via a systemd Unit nor with a script in /lib/systemd/system/system-sleep.
Installing the newest qca6174 formware also did not help.

What helped was an older firmware version from 2016!
Now I have qca6174 hw2.1 version 141 installed, although my notebook runs on 18.04.3 with Kernel 5.

I got that tip from here: https://askubuntu.com/a/978385/1004167 so I got the firmware from there: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/xenial/amd64/linux-firmware/1.157 and copied the ath10k_pci/QCA6174/hw2.1 files (which my card is using) into my /lib/firmware/ath10k/QCA6174/hw2.1 folder.

After a reboot, I did not have to unload the driver before suspend (removed my scripts).

Going to sleep and resume works for me now, as it did before upgrading from 16.04.
The only thing I have to see now is, how to prevent the copied files from being overwritten by an upgrade.


Installing skype will not work - skype-bin not installable, and 'held broken packages'

I found the solution to this problem from a different post.

First a downgrade is required and done with the following:

create the 'preferences' file:

sudo vi /etc/apt/preferences

and insert the following lines:

Package: *
Pin: release a=quantal*
Pin-Priority: 2012

enter :wq to write the file. Pin-Priority must be greater than 1000.

Then you may downgrade the offending applications with:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

That's it.

Now use sudo apt-get install skype

And it works!


Can't login after installing AMD drivers in Ubuntu 15.10

From your login screen, switch to terminal using Ctrl+Alt+F1.

Type the following:

sudo mv ~/.Xauthority ~/.Xauthority.backup
sudo service [name_of_display_manager] restart

Try it out and let me know if this works.


Can I use the Aurora PPA to install Firefox Developer Edition?

The OMG! Ubuntu! post covering the announcement notes that the version released is Aurora 35.0a2 which matches the version in the PPA, so it looks like this is the way to do it :)

Note that this method will replace your current Firefox installation. If you want to run "regular" Firefox and Developer Edition side-by-side you will have to install DE separately. I don't know of a PPA for this. (Unless you have a specific requirement to run them side-by-side, this shouldn't be necessary.)


I have these folders and files:

.
├── a
│   └── file1a.txt
├── b
│   ├── file1b.txt
│   └── file2b.txt
├── c
│   ├── file1c.txt
│   └── file2c.txt
├── emptydoc
└── file2.txt

I got all of them compressed to compressed.zip.
If I want to unzip text files only, I run this command unzip compressed.zip *.txt and I only get the .txt files unzipped

unzip compressed.zip *.txt
Archive:  compressed.zip
  inflating: a/file1a.txt
  inflating: b/file1b.txt
  inflating: b/file2b.txt
  inflating: c/file1c.txt
  inflating: c/file2c.txt
  inflating: file2.txt


Ubuntu 12.04 LTS stopped detecting BCM4312 on DELL E6500

Never remember opting for virtual kernel with Ubuntu 12.04LTS. Coupled this with the fact that wireless was working before, I used synaptic to remove all virtual kernel headers, image and library packages. Guess what WiFI started working with no additional installation, etc. However it seems I have messed up my lightdm installation now but that is a subject for another thread.

Thanks chili555 for your help though.


Boot and Shutdown Issues on Aspire E 11 model E3-111-C0WA

I was having the same issue of hangout on startup/shutdown with Ubuntu 14.04 on an Acer E3-111-C9NY, found a solution for it on:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1341925

Basically, you have to blacklist the modules dw_dmac and dw_dmac_core, you do that by adding to /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf the following lines:

blacklist dw_dmac
blacklist dw_dmac_core

After that, the laptop start/shutdown/suspend works fine.


GeForce GT 750M graphics driver for Ubuntu 12.04

Try this.  To install Nvidia Drivers, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the commands below:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

If that doesn't work, you can download the 32bit or 64bit drivers from Nvidia.


You may be able to get away with doing the following:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install brother-cups* brother-lpr*

If these packages are not available, you need to enable the universe/multiverse repositories.

The above should install the following packages plus dependencies:

brother-cups-wrapper-ac - Cups Wrapper drivers for ac brother printers
brother-cups-wrapper-bh7 - Cups Wrapper drivers for bh7 brother printers
brother-cups-wrapper-common - Common files for Brother cups wrapper packages
brother-cups-wrapper-extra - Cups Wrapper drivers for extra brother printers
brother-cups-wrapper-laser - Cups Wrapper drivers for laser brother printers
brother-cups-wrapper-laser1 - Cups Wrapper drivers for laser1 brother printers
brother-cups-wrapper-mfc9420cn - Cups Wrapper drivers for mfc9420cn brother printers
brother-lpr-drivers-ac - LPR drivers for ac brother printers
brother-lpr-drivers-bh7 - LPR drivers for bh7 brother printers
brother-lpr-drivers-common - Common files for brother-lpr-drivers packages
brother-lpr-drivers-extra - LPR drivers for extra brother printers
brother-lpr-drivers-laser - LPR drivers for laser brother printers
brother-lpr-drivers-laser1 - LPR drivers for laser1 brother printers
brother-lpr-drivers-mfc9420cn - LPR driver for mfc9420cn brother printer

Otherwise, contact Brother support by telephone and have them walk you through the process. You will need to install the linux "deb" versions and not the "rpm" ones.


USB Audio Interface not showing device in list for Pulseaudio

Was able to finally find the answer after about 2 weeks of looking.  First, run

aplay -l | grep card

This should list the devices alsa can see.  Pulseaudio sits on top of alsa, so alsa needs to be able to see the device before pulseaudio can.  In my case, alsa was able to see my usb audio interface, but it was not showing up in the pulseaudio list correctly.

The next step is to run

gksu gedit /etc/pulse/default.pa

this is the file that was escaping me for a while, and it essentially sets defaults for pulseaudio.  In order to get it to correctly see the card, go to the bottom of the file and append:

load-module module-alsa-sink device=hw:0

here, the 0 is replaced by whatever device number the card that is not appearing is.  Save the file and log out, then log back in and your device should appear in the list.

I'm still not sure why alsa could see the device but pulseaudio could not, but this effectively adds the item to the list and allows you to run your usb audio interface without having to run QJackCtl.


Configure proxy for Chrome on xubuntu for school

I don't have a proxy autoconfiguration (PAC) file to test this with, but I think the following commands should work:

gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy autoconfig-url 'http://pol*************.edu.au/b***.p**'
gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode auto

The descriptions for these fields:

org.gnome.system.proxy mode:

Select the proxy configuration mode. Supported values are "none",
    "manual", "auto".

    If this is "none", then proxies are not used.

    If it is "auto", the autoconfiguration URL described by the
    "autoconfig-url" key is used.

    If it is "manual", then the proxies described by
    "/system/proxy/http", "/system/proxy/https",
    "/system/proxy/ftp" and "/system/proxy/socks" will be used.
    Each of the 4 proxy types is enabled if its "host" key is
    non-empty and its "port" key is non-0.

    If an http proxy is configured, but an https proxy is not,
    then the http proxy is also used for https.

    If a SOCKS proxy is configured, it is used for all protocols,
    except that the http, https, and ftp proxy settings override
    it for those protocols only.

org.gnome.system.proxy autoconfig-url:

URL that provides proxy configuration values. When mode is
    "auto", this URL is used to look up proxy information for all
    protocols.


The partitions can't be merged because they don't see each other

If I understand correctly, you want to keep both Windows and Ubuntu, but give Ubuntu some more space on sda6? First of all BACK UP IMPORTANT DATA! Things can go wrong (although they shouldn't, you can never be too safe!) The issue here is that:

a -  It appears that you are booted up onto that specific hard drive at the moment. You cannot modify partitions when you are currently using that drive. To remedy this, boot into a live USB (using your Ubuntu Install disk).

b - When you want to merge two partitions, you need to have them side by side. To do this you need to

1 select sda2, and move it to the left (using the partition menu>move).
Note: There will be an error that pops up, warning you about failure to boot, this is normal!

2 Select sda3, click resize, and add the unallocated space to sda3 by dragging the slider on the left all the way to the left. It should look somewhat like this:

3 Select sda6, click resize, and add the unallocated space to sda6.

Afterwards, your diagram should look somewhat like this:

Now what you want to do is click the green checkbox to apply the changes. This will take a long time!

WARNING: after this is done, your computer may not boot up! To remedy this, you have to re-install grub (the screen that you see before you boot into windows or ubuntu). There are two ways to do this:

Either way, you need a Live CD/USB stick to boot off of. I found pretty detailed instructions here. The first method is easier (but you need to have a live CD of ubuntu 12.04 or later, and have internet access), but the second method (via terminal) works too. Just follow the instructions, and feel free to ask any questions!

Here to help,

Dev Newb

note: The pictures will vary slightly from yours (the partition sizes/labels etc), but the overall method should work. Also, I am using gparted on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, but it should work the same on Ubuntu 13.10


Google Earth freezes during zoom-in on Intel processors with integrated graphics

The best option is to patch the Intel Graphics driver for your current kernel

This occurs in OpenGL applications because of a bug in the kernel's i915 Intel GPU driver.

The best option is to patch the i915 module for your existing kernel using the solution in comment #12 of that bug report.

It will take a little time and effort...

Here's how...

Open a terminal with Ctrl-Alt-T (or open Konsole for Kubuntu)
Type or paste sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get distupgrade -y, press enter, type your password and let it finish.
Then type/paste these, one after the other:

sudo apt-get install build-essential patch
mkdir ksrc
cd ksrc
apt-get source linux-image-$(uname -r)
cd linux-3.2.0
wget -O- https://launchpadlibrarian.net/103494967/fix-intel-gpu-crash-3.2.diff | patch -p1
make oldconfig
make drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915.ko
DIR915=/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/i915
sudo mv $DIR915/i915.ko $DIR915/i915_old.ko
sudo cp drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915.ko $DIR915/i915.ko

Reboot, and hopefully your Google Earth problem should be fixed. In that case, you can remove the linux source by going into the terminal and typing rm -rf ksrc. If there are any graphics problems, you can revert to the old driver with:

DIR915=/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/i915
sudo cp $DIR915/i915_old.ko $DIR915/i915.ko

You will have to re-do this procedure whenever a new 3.2 kernel is released, which thankfully isn't often! There is also the chance that the patch will be included (backported) in one of these upgrades.


'dpkg-source' unpack error on Ubuntu GNOME 16.04

Ubuntu GNOME no longer includes the dpkg-dev package by default as it is a developer/maintainer tool and is not likely to be needed by an end-user.

So those who do wish to be able to use such commands as you gave, will need to install it with:

sudo apt-get install dpkg-dev


According to the following bug report, the problem is related to how Poppler handles cropboxes. They say it is fixed in Poppler 0.86.0 onwards.
However, if you are still facing this problem (as it was my case) you can modify the PDF so that it does not have cropboxes. I have been able to do this by calling pdfjam without any arguments:
pdfjam original_file.pdf -o fixed_file.pdf

I am sure there must be better ways to do it, but I have only found this.
I have tested this method with this pdf and it works.


What kernels were used and installed previously?


Removed resolvconf can't install anymore

Test this:

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

sudo -i
wget http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/r/resolvconf/resolvconf_1.69ubuntu1_all.deb
dpkg -i resolvconf_1.69ubuntu1_all.deb


ubuntu 18.04 - I destroyed my network manually how can I set it to autoconfigure

The first thing I would do, is to seriously check which interfaces I have on my computer.
You could run one of these commands and check the output:
sudo ifconfig

or
sudo ip addr show

With that, you are already able to set the dhcp mode for your interface.
Assuming the name of your interface is: ens2
Run the command:
sudo ifconfig up ens2

This command is necessary as your default network interface is probably not up. Starting from the line that the only ip you mentioned is 127.0.1.1, which is usually called the lo interface. Remember to change ens2 to the name of your network interface!
Then, set the interface to work in dhcp mode:
sudo dhclient ens2

After that, remove the cable and connect it again. Starting from the beginning that the connection is via cable ... Or disable the wifi and enable it again if it is a wifi connection. Try to retake the test.
[edit]
You mentioned that you no longer have the network-manager ...
Sorry, I missed this part of the question ...
"Network-manager missing from machine ..."
What is the exit if the manager is restarted?
sudo systemctl restart network-manager.service


There apparently no settings in the standard Ubuntu Gnome GUI to disable or throttle graphics effects.  Instead you can install alternate GUIs.  Xubuntu was suggested and it is uses the Xfce GUI.

In Ubuntu (I have 12.10), go to the Software Center and search for "xubuntu-desktop" and install it.

Now when I log in, I can select what GUI I want to use. This uses significantly less resources and allows me to work longer without having to reboot.


Terminator transparency not showing other opened windows but only wallpaper

You need to use real compositing for that. What configuration do you have? If you have a graphics card, installing the Additional Drivers will solve the problem.


Changing default icon theme so that current one follows the new default

The goal was achieved by editing the /usr/share/icons/nordic-darker/index.theme file. Just replace the
inheritance=...

line with the line
Inherits=Yaru

(solution based on a comment by the OP)


Open a terminal and run (Ctrl+Alt+T)

Note: These are third party PPA's for miro and ffmpeg, not supported by their developers, they may be obsolete and insecure (at the moment of this post, the latest build of FFmpeg was 2014-03-29 which lags behind several Security Advisories and Miro 2014-10-22), use it at you own risk.

 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/ppa
 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:joyard-nicolas/ffmpeg
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install ffmpeg miro

 reference here


Min specs are posted here - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements

I've always installed as much as possible, but a Linux OS is much lighter than Windows.
4GB would be more than enough for your purpose.

Ubuntu requires 512MB or more :)

I personally recommend you buy/install 8GB+ within your budget as it wouldn't be wasted. You never know what you'll be using the pc for in a few years time.


My Ubuntu doesn't seem to be using Unity

If you are using 11.04 with a card that does not support 3D very well you will be greeted with the default Ubuntu desktop, not Unity.

There is a solution for you - use Unity2D!

How do I install and switch to the Unity 2D desktop?

Then log out and when logging back in select "Unity 2D" at the bottom of the login screen.


Partition: show in user interface is turned off, yet it shows up in nautilus

Using x-gvfs-hide in /etc/fstab did hide the partition in Nautilus.
Just to be clear, before it looked like this:
/dev/disk/by-id/wwn-0x50014ee2070eeb62-part2 /home/wolfi/PersonalData auto nosuid,nodev,nofail 0 0
And after I put x-gvfs-hide in:
/dev/disk/by-id/wwn-0x50014ee2070eeb62-part2 /home/wolfi/PersonalData auto nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-hide 0 0


How can I fix rEFInd after I removed cryptsetup-initramfs?

I don't know why this fixed it, but I removed the file /boot/efi/EFI/refind/drivers/ext4_x64.efi and now it works.


The game is still in beta on Steam, you can download it from your library:

Right click on the game title, Properties -> Betas tabs.

Type in access code:

hlm

Then, pick the beta branch from the drop down menu, hit close and the game starts to download.


Mind Webfilter is a good option.

By the way, today they have released the first downloadable package. I'm using Mind webfilter in a small box filtering about 50 users with no issues. I recomend it as a good alternative for Dansguardian.


As I thought, it's a no-go.

They do not support Linux, and do not plan to support it in the future.

My suggestion is either to migrate to another Linux-friendly solution for your files, or change the OS that you are using and use Windows or Mac.


Can't boot Ubuntu 12.10 graphics problem

Some of this parts are taken from How do I install the Nvidia drivers? and modified for this particular case:

First I need for you to remove all installed Nvidia packages. Go to the Additional Drivers and uninstall the one you have.

Reboot and make sure you are using the open source Nouveau driver.

After that do the following in your case:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

Now let us install the correct driver:

First let us try the 304 version. You can use one of the following methods:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-graphics-drivers-304

sudo apt-get install nvidia-304

Now Reboot and test it out. If it works great then try the 310 driver simply by changing the above 304 to 310. If it works, great. Try the 319. In you particular case, since the video card is almost old, I would stick with the 304.

I would also execute the following to make sure it creates the xorg.conf file to save you some issues:

sudo nvidia-xconfig

Test this out and let me know.


Apparently it is a harmless message related to a 'PCC' driver:

  So it looks like you build the PCC mailbox driver which is new in 3.19-rc and
  that driver fails to load, because it doesn't find hardware to work with.

  The message is harmless, but it also is not useful.  The driver in question
  seems to be overly verbose to me in general.

That is what I gleaned from this conversation.


Please see this to get help with MultiTouch in Ubuntu:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Multitouch#Community%20Help

Make sure you include the result of lsusb when you ask your question there. Thank you!


How to export a log file from AWS Ubuntu server using MAC terminal?

Deleting that log file and rebooting the server should be fine. Log files are  almost always created by the software that writes to it.

You can do the following to empty that log file, after logging in at your server :

sudo bash
cd /var/log/redis
> redis_6534.log
exit

Assuming that the file is located in /var/log/redis/
The ">" sign will empty files.
Be careful with using that, as well as being careful about using sudo like this.


If I delete Jolicloud in win7 can I reuse the 10gig partition?

Thank you for clarifying the question. Yes you can.

Say you delete the partition in windows, the Installer will then give you the option to use the free space for Ubuntu. If you don't, the installer will also let you delete the partition.

Just put in an Ubuntu CD and give it a try! You will be warned before you commit to any changes, so you can make absolutely sure that you're happy with Ubuntu's changes to your hard drive before proceeding to install it.

10GB of space may be a bit small for Ubuntu. It should install no problem (it only needs around 2.6 gigabytes), but - if you can - consider allocating a bit more space.


There should be no problem installing it as lightdm controls what environment you log in to.  After installing it, log out and click to the right of your name and awesome will be listed there.

Note: recent version of ubuntu (13.10) comes with a bug preventing the awesome session from displaying. See how to add awesome on session list for further detail.


Why does the GUI root password work, but su doesn't?

xyz@laptop:~$ su
Password:
su: Authentication failure

Is the way root enabled systems work. Like redhat, or SUSE. The equivalent  on systems using (like Ubuntu) would be...
$ sudo su

sudo -i works too for admin accounts.


Black screen of death after reboot during isntallation of Ubuntu 12.04 - x64 AMD and ATI Radeon HD 2400 XT

I have been able to fix this. It is a known bug and in order to use a working workaround, see the comment #21 here.


Install button in Software Center is disabled

I've also had csome problems. Re-installing software center can't fix it.

You have an alternate solution. Just look at the top left of this picture http://i.stack.imgur.com/YrBy5.png and you will get it.

You can't click the install button because it seems inactive/disabled, so just go to the top left and find file -> install. I hope this will help you.


Installation of Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS Error AMD Graphics Card

Fix the BusyBox screen by manually fixing the filesystem with this at the prompt:

(initramfs) fsck -y /dev/sda2

(In the above command, the initramfs is the prompt you're seeing.  The text the follows is the command to type in.)

Fix the graphics problem by running this at a console prompt.  First boot using the nomodeset grub parameter.  You can get to a console by hitting this keyboard short cut: Alt+Ctrl>+F2.

Install Graphic Drivers from Commandline

Run this command to show the available drivers for your GPU:

$ ubuntu-drivers devices

You'll be safer by picking the one that the system identifies as recommended.

To install a driver from the list run this:

$ sudo apt-get install [drivername]

To see which driver is currently in use (most likely the one that is failing) run:

$ sudo lspci -nnk | grep -i vga -A3


I've always had to place sudo in front of that command:

sudo hdiutil convert /path/to/ubuntu.iso -format UDRW -o /path/to/target.img


After an application has been launched and begun playing audio, you can mute it through the Sound Preferences menu:

On the sound preferences tab you can selectively mute applications:

Since Flash plug-in is not part of the browser, it must be muted separately:


What is the correct way to edit a crontab file?

What is the proper file to use and best way to do this?
crontab -e is the best way to do it - this will allow you to easily edit per-user crontabs.
If I schedule a task as my non-root user, will it run by itself at the time interval as specified, with no issues?
Yes, and it will run with the privileges of that user account.
As a principle, it is best to run scheduled tasks with the lowest privileges you can get away with, so if what you are doing will not require root, don't use root.  If you don't even need to be able to access your account's files and folders, then you can create a new user and use that user account only for that task.  On the other hand if your task does require root, use root's crontab (su / sudo su to root then use crontab -e).
Will I need to restart the server after saving the cron job in the crontab file before it will start working?
No it'll start working straight away (well, the next possible scheduled time).
Why not edit the file directly?  Where is it located?
The user crontab files are located in /var/spool/cron/crontabs, but their permissions are set in such a way that they can't be traversed to without superuser permission (but once open and the cron process drops privileges it can still access the file).
The system is not designed for end users to edit these files directly, and indeed the top of the file has a stern DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE warning at the top to this effect.  The file is instead designed to be edited via crontab -e which sets up a temporary mirror of the file in /tmp for editing - without the stern warning - after which it checks and installs the permanent crontab file itself.  This can all be done without superuser permission.
If you did edit the crontab file directly I don't know what the result would be.  It's possible it simply wouldn't take effect until next restart and any errors may be hard to debug.


Are GNOME Shell extensions compatible with Unity?

No. They are only for gnome-shell. They are expecting a special API, are written in javascript, and in general are too different to be used on Unity.

Note that the idea of writing most of the gnome-shell UI in javascript will make it very easy to write extensions that can hook near everywhere. Of course it will take a penalty in speed. It's quite similar to the trade-offs between Firefox and Chrome. Firefox UI is written in XUL (an extension of javascript) and Chrome in C++. The former is way easier to extend, but the later is likely going to be always faster and more responsive (I'm talking about the UI, not the rendering or javascript engine).

So to answer you second question, no, likely Gnome-Shell is going to be always more customizable than Unity as a result of a design decision.


Sounds like it could a small problem in a recent update/upgrade. So long as it doesn't cause any serious problems other than a slightly longer delay and some strange screen-jitsu, I wouldn't worry too much about it.

Try updating/upgrading, that might fix it, otherwise, just wait and see if it pans out on its own.


What file or setting controls user backgrounds in unity-greeter?

I had the same problem an find a way. Look at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LightDM
Changing the Wallpaper. I have created the file

/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/10_unity_greeter_background.gschema.override

and compiled it with

sudo glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/

It worked for me.


very basic installing pip, enabling universe, installing a program.

I hope you have internet connection and live USB persistence to do what you are trying to do.

Problem 1

You should use sudo to run the command. So run sudo easy_install pip.

You can also install pip directly from Ubuntu repository without using easy_install:

  sudo apt-get install python-pip

Problem 2

Type software sources in Dash and open it. Tick the 'community maintained open source software (Universe)' option. Click close and choose reload from the next screen. See Ashu's (or the one above Ashu's) answer in the post How do I enable the "Universe" repository?


Auto Mount NTFS Drive (on Ubuntu 18.04) to a Folder on Ubuntu Mate (Rpi4, Ubuntu Server 19.10)

This appears to work:

//192.168.0.193/foreign /media/windows/foreign_media cifs uid=1000,gid=1000,user,noexec,credentials=/etc/samba/cifspassword 0 0


First of all, bandwidth (speedtest) and ping time (ping) are not the same thing.

1) how many ms do you see in ping output? Also where do you ping? You have to ping to a nearby address (eg. to your home router 192.168.X.X) and then another one far away from you (like google.com) so you can compare the results to see if there is an internal home/office network issue or bad internet connection ISP, etc.

2) have you tried using manual DNS servers? eg. 8.8.8.8
Do you see any difference?

It sounds to me more router settings issue, than anything else. But without further information it is hard to guess...


blacklist command not found in ubuntu 16.04

To black list a module or driver you don't have to use a command "blacklist".

Open this file (Create it if it does not exist):

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

add a line like this:

blacklist nouveau

save the file, reboot the system. You can use modprobe -r nouveau to remove it temporary.


kworker using 100% IO doesn't mean it's using all my IOs. It means it's waiting on IO. I think the Postgres issue was separate. Never figured that one out, but it hasn't come back.

See: https://serverfault.com/questions/659164/kworker-consuming-90-io-and-zero-disk-write/785415#785415


How do I enable *all* keys on the touchscreen keyboard?

The GNOME On Screen Keyboard (OSK) is designed to generate keyboards from the Unicode Common Locale Data Repository data. The Unicode CLDR was never intended to limit the keys available, but that seems to be the path the GNOME developers are following. If a key isn't in the CLDR, there is no way to type it. So, that means, no Esc, no F1, no Control, etc.

Theoretically, you can install caribou antler and customize your own keyboards. However, it didn't work for me and I resorted to xvkbd which is hoary and ugly but gets the job done. (Tip: If your window manager loses focus when you click in xvkbd, use the Focus button to pick which window to type into.)


Known defect in Ubuntu.

Blender 2.67b on Windows 7 - Collada exporter present and works.
Blender 2.67b on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS - Collada exporter does not appear in Blender Export menu.

Ref: Bug report,
Reported in September 2012.
Still broken in July 2013.


How do I address the issue of System program problem detected?

If you want to view the error report go to the /var/crash/ directory and there you will find the error reports which you can view with any text editor.

If you can't figure out the problem and the message keeps coming up:

It is possible that this error only happened once, but the error report got stuck and pops-up on every boot. So just delete the error reports from /var/crash/ (you will need root privileges for some, so use the sudo rm /var/crash/* command). If after this the error message doesn't come back then all is good.
If the error message is not from a stuck report, but the errors are constantly happening and you can't figure out the problem on your own then submit a bugreport. See How do I report a bug?


Try adding -std=gnu++98, it was probably the default for gcc 6.4.0.

Example:

g++ -std=gnu++98 hello.cpp -o hello


I'm using an ATI X1400 and I found that as long as I don't install any ATI specific binary drivers (fglrx), then I'm good to go. Also, you'll notice the "ATI binary X.Org driver" description says it's for "newer ATI graphics cards" and apparently that doesn't include us. :)

The good news is, all you have to do is go to the Appearance Preferences control panel and choose Normal, Extra, or Custom under the Visual Effects tab and Ubuntu will load up an appropriate open source x.org driver that will work very nicely.

A handy page to bookmark is Ubuntu Community Documentation for the Radeon Driver


How can I configure apt-get to clean automatically after every install

You just need to add it at the apt configurations files. Just run:

sudo sh -c "echo 'DSELECT::Clean "always";' >> /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99AutomaticClean"

This will trigger automatic clean each time you do upgrade.

Lets explain this entry, from the man page:

  Clean

  Cache Clean mode; this value may be one of always, prompt, auto,
             pre-auto and never.  always and prompt will remove all packages
             from the cache after upgrading, prompt (the default) does so
             conditionally.  auto removes only those packages which are no
             longer downloadable (replaced with a new version for instance).
             pre-auto performs this action before downloading new packages.

More info:

https://groups.google.com/d/msg/linux.debian.user/aK2jvfL_tuw/rUd6i6bd4YQJ


2 nics each with static IP addresses - how to tell only one to accept inbound

Is there a way to configure one NIC for inbound traffic and one for outbound traffic?

You can do this using iptables and targeting the interfaces themself like so:

First allow all traffic by default:

iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT

Now lets say eth0 should accept only incomming traffic:

iptables -p OUTPUT -i eth0 -j DROP
iptables -p FORWARD -i eth0 -j DROP

And now say eth1 should only allow outgoing traffic:

iptables -p INPUT -i eth1 -j DROP
iptables -p FORWARD -i eth1 -j DROP


Gparted is available on all Ubuntu bootable USB's (Live CD).  You should certainly backup all of your data before you do anything.  There is always a chance that something can go wrong.  Adding space that is listed after a partition is easy.  Adding space before is a little tricky.

If it is after, delete the partition with GParted, and resize.

It is likely, the old logical partition you want to remove and add space to the new installation is before your current Ubuntu partition.  Deleting that old partition and the reformatting it and using it as a data drive is much safer.
If you leave the deleted partition unformatted, gparted will let you take that other drive and resize over it.  You will get a warning that you are moving a bootable file to a new location.  Cross your fingers and say yes.

You might have to install (on a writable usb), boot-repair.  This will help find the grub files if all goes wrong.  I think I have done this exact same process before and it worked when I removed a Swap partition that was before my ubuntu partition.

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

Best of luck.
Remember these three things:

Data backup
USB Bootable Ubuntu and 1 gb of persistence (any flavor/version)
Have boot-repair installed just in case something goes wrong.


This is the brief explanation of Snappy on the main Ubuntu site: (source)

  Ubuntu Core is a new rendition of Ubuntu for the cloud with transactional updates. Ubuntu Core is a minimal server image with the same libraries as today’s Ubuntu, but applications are provided through a simpler mechanism. The snappy approach is faster, more reliable, and lets us provide stronger security guarantees for apps and users — that’s why we call them “snappy” applications.

  Snappy apps and Ubuntu Core itself can be upgraded atomically and rolled back if needed — a bulletproof approach to systems management that is perfect for container deployments. It’s called “transactional” or “image-based” systems management, and we’re delighted to make it available on every Ubuntu certified cloud.


How to convert selected text into single paragraph in Libreoffice?

With Regular Expressions search enabled, search for $ and replace with a space. You may do another search/replace to reduce multiple spaces to one space.

Alternatively, you may first remove all empty paragraphs using a regex search for ^$, replacing it with "nothing" (empty string), and afterwards replace the paragraph marks by spaces as described.

Take care that this search/replace may affect the entire document - if you want to preserve some paragraph marks, you should first select the text to edit and restrict the search/replace to "current selection only" (option just above the regex option).

See also the OpenOffice documentation on search/replace using regular expressions - those explanations and advices often apply to LibreOffice, too.


You stored those files in RAM and they are gone

It's that simple, really. If you cared about the data in those files you should not have chosen a session that is advertised as "not doing any changes to your computer".

Or, at least, you should have saved them in an external drive.

RAM is a volatile kind of memory. Do not believe those who talk about recovering data from it after the computer has been switched off. It is not possible, the so called "cold boot attack" is basically impossible to put in place unless you happen to carry around some liquid nitrogen and apply it seconds after the fact. Then maybe it could work.

No DFIR expert nor data recovery company can do anything about your RAM after it has been turned off.

Recreate those files from scratch.


~/.profile doesn't run after upgrading to Ubuntu 17.10

The issue is that Ubuntu 17.10 uses Wayland as the default desktop session - which unlike traditional X-Windows desktops, does not invoke a user's login shell (or in fact any shell).

The recommended workaround from Initiatives/Wayland/Session Start GNOME Wiki is given as follows:

  The simplest way to set environment variables for a single user under
  systemd (version 233 or later), is to create a .conf file in
  ~/.config/environment.d, containing lines of the form NAME=VAL. See
  the environment.d documentation for more details.

  GDM also supports the /usr/share/gdm/env.d/ drop-in directory. Files
  dropped in there also contain lines of the form NAME=VAL. These affect
  all users of the system.

For additional discussion see the article GNOME, Wayland, and environment variables.


Ubuntu One Tomboy sync fails with "The remote server returned an error: (404) NOT FOUND."

When you get to the step 'Return to Tomboy Preferences and click Save'
When you return to the preferences window 'Save' is greyed out.
What you need to do is edit the 'Server' field to get the Save button to be clickable.
So https://one.ubuntu.com/notes/ delete the last trailing slash '/' so it reads
https://one.ubuntu.com/notes
Then the Save button will be clickable.

The bug for this issue:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntuone-servers/+bug/845321


How to archive files with multiple conditions?

You can try a similar command (but it actually has a flaw):

$ find . \( -name "*.jpg" -o -name "*.bmp" \) -and \( -size +6k -and -size -46k \) -and \( \( -newermt "2011-06-11" -and ! -newermt "2011-06-19" \) -or \( -newermt "2011-07-24" -and ! -newermt "2011-08-02" \) \) -print0 | xargs -0 tar cjf out.tar.bz2 --files-from=-

Not sure about the dates, though. It works for me as YYYY-MM-DD but it might change with the language settings.

Update:

There is a major conceptual mistake in the previous example.

Basically the xargs command works in „passes” (eg. takes as much filenames as possible to cram into a command line and calls the tar command). So out.tar.bz2 gets rewritten at every pass.

It may not be noticed with a few dozen test files, but a few hundred will trigger the bug for sure. So the command needs to be rewritten as follows:

$ find . \( -name "*.jpg" -o -name "*.bmp" \) -and \( -size +6k -and -size -46k \) -and \( \( -newermt "2011-06-11" -and ! -newermt "2011-06-20" \) -or \( -newermt "2011-07-24" -and ! -newermt "2011-08-03" \) \) -print0 | tar cjf out.tar.bz2 --null --files-from=-

The main difference is the absence of xargs and using the --null option for tar. This option will tell tar to read null terminated filenames (as produced by the find commands -print0 option). The whole reason behind these null terminated filenames are to avoid filenames containing special characters (eg. whitespace), that would otherwise break the tar command.

Another possible bug to point out is the date range specification. The upper end of date range should be increased by 1 day (otherwise files modified on that day will be omitted).


I moved files to NTFS and cant start GUI in ubuntu 14.10

You can't use NTFS for Unix system files and directories. NTFS has very different semantics of owner/permission; an awful lot of system files in /var/ depend on the exact unix semantics. Sadly, moving folders and file from /var destroyed the information of user/group/permissions...

The problem you have now is similar to this: How to recover after all files are deleted from /var folder? ; I suggest you follow the @Rinzwind answer.


usb 2.0 doesn't recognize dual boot on a Pre-Installed UEFI Supported Windows 8 system

Booting with usb are very problematic.

Disable the hard drive from the boot menu, not sure if that will disable it. If so then put it down below the list, usb booting first. My laptop hangs whenever a usb is in.

You might have to install a bootloader on your primary drive and after it's clear POST pop in the usb then select boot ubuntu from where the external drive is located in the bootloader.


How can I add a progress bar to md5deep?

This is not particularly elegant, but it might do the trick (not using md5deep, but rather md5sum: however, every file is recursively listed and passed to md5sum,anyway):

$ tar cf - .   | pv -s $(du -scb . | tail -1 | cut -f1) | tar tf - | xargs  md5sum  > /tmp/md5.txt 2> /tmp/md5.err.txt

...note that this is not technically tracking progress of the md5sum, but rather tracking progress of tar/untar, then passing the file to md5sum after the fact.  The progress is only approximated by taking the size (du) of the directory to be processed; if the last file to process takes an hour, it'll report 100% for the duration of the processing of last file.  (I imagine something similar could be done by using something other than tar.)  And it is subject to all the limitations of tar/xargs in terms of filenames (spaces, etc). (As I said, not elegant.)


What is the structure of network managers system-connections files?

That file isn't meant to be edited by the user, but by the Network Manager tools. You can read the manual using:

man nm-settings

  FILES

  /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections

  or distro plugin-specific location

The list is too long/extensive and could change any moment, so using the manual page is recommended since it is synchronized with your NM version.


.xsession. .xinitrc, xmonad, and lightdm

I believe you may find this will work for you. It will be sourced by dash script /usr/sbin/lightdm-session which will later execute the exec for the window manager.

Assuming that this is just for you, and because it is related to X, I'd suggest putting it into ~/.xprofile. If it will apply to every user of the system, /etc/xprofile may be more appropriate.

Create a file ~/.xprofile and edit it to contain something your xrandr command (similar to the following test item):

xrandr --output LVDS --mode 1280x854

You can find more information at What happens under the covers to log me in and start up Unity or another Graphical User Interface?. It does cover some of what happens for non-unity window managers.


How to decrease volume of sound effects in Ubuntu 18.04?

You can adjust the volume of system sounds in Settings - Sound: "Sound Effects" tab. Adjust the slider there to attenuate system sounds, or turn them off.

The slider on top, "output volume", is the master control. The slider "Alert volume" will adjust the volume of the system sounds relative to that of the master control.


If you want to change your password, open the About Me control panel, and click the Change Password... button and follow the prompts.

The sudo passwd random-pass command you issued actually means switch to the super user (the sudo bit), and change the password for the random-pass user.  The initial password prompt was from sudo and was asking for your current password.  If you entered that in correctly, it would then run the passwd command.

If you want to change your own password from the command line, just run passwd by itself with no arguments and not via sudo.


2 network interfaces with different gateways

It's a bad idea to have 2 default gateways (DGW).  You should only have one DGW and routing tables for the other NIC.

The mistake is here:

post-up ip route add default via 192.168.1.37 dev eno2 table rt2

So just remove that line and all 192.168.1.0 will be routed to that NIC

If you want to persist in your erroneous ways, you can still add a second default gateway (I repeat: it's a bad idea) and then the line should¹ read:

post-up ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 dev eno2 table rt2

Note 1: should very probably  as it depends on your network configuration


How to create a datagrid in GTK without GTK Sharp?

GTKSharp is a c# wrapper for the native c GTK+

You can use GTKSharp on ubuntu using mono. (it is used much more on mono then on .net)

However if you don't want to use .net/mono then you can use GTK+ from c, c++, python and many other languages.

A GTK+ TreeView can be used as a grid:

A https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/3.10/GtkTreeView.html


I've successfully compiled it under 11.10, with some changes to the instructions on that help page. You should not have the device plugged in during this procedure (just in case...)

First type uname -r and note down the kernel version. In my case it is 3.0.0-13-generic

Next, in the following line change it according to your kernel version, in my case it is:

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-3.0.0-13-generic linux-source-3.00 kernel-package

Then, extract the kernel source to /usr/src with the following commands (once again change it to match your kernel version):

cd /usr/src
sudo tar jxvf /usr/src/linux-source-3.0.0.tar.bz2

Then just download the driver source to your home folder, extract it and create some symlinks to kernel headers (don't forget to change to your kernel version in the symlinks):

cd ~
wget http://me-tv.googlecode.com/files/AF903x.tar.gz
tar zxvf AF903x.tar.gz
cd installer/AF903x_SRC
ln -s /usr/src/linux-source-3.0.0/drivers/media/dvb/frontends/*.h .
ln -s /usr/src/linux-source-3.0.0/drivers/media/dvb/dvb-core/*.h .
ln -s /usr/src/linux-source-3.0.0/drivers/media/dvb/dvb-usb/*.h .

If you have kernel 3.0 you need to open two source files in a text editor and remove the #include <linux/smp_lock.h> lines (only one per file and almost at the top). The files are ~/installer/AF903x_SRC/src/af903x.h and ~/installer/AF903x_SRC/api/usb2impl.c.

Finally just run the installer and select the install option:

cd ..
sudo ./installer.sh

One last thing that you may need to do is to prevent the device from behing wrongly recognized as an USB HID (check the help page for more info). So, just open /etc/modprobe.d/usbhid.conf and add the following:

options usbhid quirks=0x15a4:0x1001:0x0004

Then reboot the system or just reload the usbhid module with:

sudo modprobe -r usbhid
sudo modprobe usbhid

And that's it! For a quick test just use w_scan to see if it starts looking for frequencies. If it does not show an "NO USEABLE DVB-T CARD FOUND" error, the device should be working:

w_scan -L ~/channels.xspf


The rtlwifi-new may be able to support this, in terminal do
cd rtlwifi_new
git checkout rtw88
sed -i 's/0xC822/0xC82F/' pci.c
make
sudo make install

Reboot

Secure Boot must be disabled

In terminal run wget -N -t 5 -T 10 https://github.com/UbuntuForums/wireless-info/raw/master/wireless-info && chmod +x wireless-info && ./wireless-info

cat wireless-info.txt | nc termbin.com
Post URL in comments


Your icons for launching applications might resume working after you logout and login again. If that doesn't work, try updating the software with the Software Updater or from the terminal using the following commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

It doesn't look like Typora markdown editor has any functionality that Mark Text markdown editor hasn't got. Mark Text is distributed in Linux as an appimage. Mark Text is better than Typora at accurately capturing everything on a webpage and Typora has a more user-friendly editor, so I use both applications. I use Mark Text as a webpage grabber, and then I copy/paste the markdown text I captured into Typora and use Typora to edit it.


Wubi install fails quietly when checking for Ubuntu ISOs

There is an ISO in the root of your E:\ 'drive'. Wubi has some logic that looks for suitable ISOs and for some reason it checks any ISO it finds in the root of partitions. In this case it's trying to look in NFSUG2_DISK2.iso and failing. If you just move that (and any other ISO's) from the root of E:\ into a subfolder it should work okay.


At this time, the Canon ImageRunner 1435 Printer is not supported directly by CUPS:

http://www.openprinting.org/printers

There is however a deb package that may work, provided by the Manufaturer:

http://files.canon-europe.com/files/soft45505/Software/CQue_v3.0.2_Linux_64_EN.deb

Once you've downloaded it, you can install it with your favorite package manager, or from the command line like this:

sudo dpkg -i CQue_v3.0.2_Linux_64_EN.deb

I hope this helps :)


Check when folder was last synchronized with rsync

You can add a note to the log after the sync finished. add it to the cronjob:

0 12 * * * rsync ... /source /dest && echo 'finished on' $(date) >> /var/log/rsync.log


Installing Ubuntu 18.04 on Dell Alienware Aurora R11

Do you see the grub menu when you boot up? If so you can temporarily edit the grub startup line by pressing e and add the kernel option nomodeset and boot with the modified entry.
Assuming it boots o.k. you can then install the proprietary nvidia drivers.
Here is a topic about it.


Try to blacklist this driver. Issue this command as root:
 echo "blacklist fglrx_pci" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-fglrx_pci.conf

Reboot.


Intel Cedarview graphic driver Ubuntu 12.04 on Netbook Acer Aspire One D270

That's true! I'm having an Asus X101CH with Intel Atom N2600, and every time I'm reinstalling Ubuntu 12.04, I'm installing the Cedarview driver for HDMI coverage and screen proper resolution


PulseAudio removes sound from Ubuntu if it can't find a server

The solution was:

Backup /etc/pulse/client.conf

If I want to use local sound (speakers), remove /etc/pulse/client.conf and restart pulseaudio

If I want to use a remote server for sending sound to, copy the backup client.conf file back and restart pulseaudio


I see the following:

The Dekko 2 application is available in OpenStore it is named app/dekko2.dekkoproject here and was

  Updated: December 31st 2018

The download page on its official site suggests the following installation procedure of the Snap package:

snap install ubuntu-app-platform
snap install --edge --devmode dekko

but it fails on last command:

$ snap install --edge --devmode dekko
error: snap "dekko" not found

Moreover snap find dekko does not produce results.
Searching on SnapCraft.io Store also fails.

So you should open Issue on Dekko's GitLab account about missed Snap.


Desktop Search Tool with Lotus Notes Integration

IBM says Desktop Search for Linux is provided by Beagle Desktop and Tracker Desktop software

http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/domhelp/v8r0/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.workplace.search85.googledesktop.doc%2Fp_search_m_ovr_srch_center.html


Is it harmful to install a lighter desktop environtment (XFCE) on Ubuntu 14.04?

You can expect to install anything from the repositories without a serious problem. With multiple DE you sometimes have what are considered cosmetic issues, all of which you can configure.

Of course, some people find these "cosmetic" issues more or less annoying, but, they will not prevent the applications or system from working.

Each DE tends to have a set of applications for editing, multi media, etc so you will end up with duplicate applications.

All of the basic applications will work on any DE or WM. The only real conflict is that you can run only one WM at a time (so you can not run kwin at the same time as unity).

In the event you have a problem, ask a more specific question.


Ubuntu 18.04 - jupyter notebook - Error executing Jupyter command 'notebook': [Errno 2] No such file or directory

Apparently, my PATH variable has been somehow messed up, as it did not refer to the ./local/bin directory correctly.


The message is erroneous & a long standing bug. Vorbis encoding is default enabled & if you just went ahead it would work

To 'fix'

Under Preferences > Music > Format settings choose one of the 3 options, for either constant or varible set a quality.

Then close & re-open RB, the so called error will be gone

after restarting RB the install box will be gone


Do I need a 32 bit version for my old PC?

No, 32 bit/pixels is not related to whether the computer is 32-bit or 64-bit.
You need to know your exact processor model. The very first Celeron D processors, from June 2004 (known as "Prescott") were 32-bit. The later generation of Celeron D processors (known as "Cedar Mill") were 64-bit.
Here I found an information how you can from under Windows XP determine if your processor is 32-bit or 64-bit. Note that this is different from whether you are running a 32-bit or 64-bit operating system. You can run a 32-bit OS even if your processor is 64-bit.
However, 1,5 GB seems to be very little to run Ubuntu with a full graphical desktop. Someone suggested Lubuntu in the comments - or, if you don't need a graphics environment, you can try a minimal installation of Ubuntu Server, which has no GUI.
You can also try a completely other distribution, not any Ubuntu variant, but that is off-topic for this board.


Why do I get "can't copy file" error at some point after starting partitioning?

Are you sure this is actually happening while partitioning, rather than after partitioning? If the error message really says "cannot copy file," that's most likely to occur while installing (specifically, while copying files from the DVD to already-created partitions on the hard disk).

You haven't given us much information, but most problems copying files while installing are the result of bad installation media. So:

MD5 test the .iso image you used to create the DVD.
Check the DVD for defects in the machine on which you're attempting to install.

Since you created both DVD media and USB media from the DVD .iso image and got what you believe to be the same error, it's most likely the .iso image itself is what's bad (so the MD5 test will reveal the problem and you can re-download the DVD .iso).

If you download a new .iso image, MD5 test it, and find it's corrupted as well, you might try downloading via torrent, since the BitTorrent protocol checks for (and fixes) corruption as it's downloading. You mentioned that you had a similar problem installing at least one other OS (Backtrack). Most other operating systems also have MD5 hashes (or similar) available, and you can check to see if those downloads are corrupted in the same way.

However, if the MD5 test doesn't reveal errors, you should still check the installation media for defects. You may have two separate, defective writes, or a subtle hardware problem in the machine on which you're installing.

If this happens with other .iso images, even if it includes .iso images for other OSes, it's still worth running those tests, as there may be a systematic problem (for example, with your Internet connection) causing you to download corrupted .iso files. There may also be a systematic problem (perhaps with your technique) causing them to be written and/or burned incorrectly.

Depending on the nature of a hardware problem, doing "Check disc for defects" (which applies to USB media as well as actual CD/DVD discs) may fail due to a hardware problem on the computer on which you perform it. That can be good, in that in combination with other information, it can make it possible to diagnose a hardware problem.

It also might be that, due to a problem downloading images, burning/writing them, or a problem with the computer on which you're installing, all installations have a high chance of failure, and that your one installation succeeded more due to luck than due to it being a different ISO image and installation medium.


SetUID doesn't work properly with Samba on Ubuntu 16.04

According to this Wiki page the setuid is ignored on directories.

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setuid

  setuid and setgid on directories[edit]

  The setuid and setgid flags,
  when set on a directory, have an entirely different meaning.

  Setting the setgid permission on a directory ("chmod g+s")

  causes new files and subdirectories created within it to inherit its
  group ID, rather than the primary group ID of the user who created the
  file (the owner ID is never affected, only the group ID).
  Newly
  created subdirectories inherit the setgid bit. Thus, this enables a
  shared workspace for a group without the inconvenience of requiring
  group members to explicitly change their current group before creating
  new files or directories.
  only affects the group ID of new files and
  subdirectories created after the setgid bit is set, and is not applied
  to existing entities.
  does not affect group ID of the files that are
  created elsewhere and moved to the directory in question. The file
  will continue to carry the group ID that was effected when and where
  it was created. Setting the setgid bit on existing subdirectories must
  be done manually, with a command such as the following:

root@foo# find /path/to/directory -type d -exec chmod g+s '{}' \;

  The
  setuid permission set on a directory is ignored on UNIX and Linux
  systems.[4]

  FreeBSD can be configured to interpret it analogously to setgid,
  namely, to force all files and sub-directories to be owned by the top
  directory owner.[5] On systems derived from BSD, directories behave as
  if their setgid bit was always set, regardless of its actual value. As
  is stated in open(2), "When a new file is created it is given the
  group of the directory which contains it."


how to install AMD RADEON driver 20.45 into Ubuntu 20.04 for a 6000 series gpu

Wendell from Level1 Techs forum solved it.
https://forum.level1techs.com/t/ubuntu-20-10-rx-6800-xt-how-to-steam-vulkan-up-and-runing-guide-wip/164137/52


Install Windows 8 (on secondary hard disk) on an Ubuntu machine (on primary hard disk)

For PC without UEFI

Method 1

You can try EasyBCD
Download EasyBCD here  [Just type any name or email-id and click "Download!"]
See instruction using EasyBCD

If your PC have UEFI following will work

Method 2

Intall Windows 8
Download Boot-Repair Disk here and burn it to any disk.
Boot that Disk and click "Recommanded Repair".

OR

Method 3

Install Windows 8
Create Ubuntu USB Disk using iso that you have used for installation with storage
Open terminal and run sudo apt-get install boot-repair

launch Boot-Repair from either :

the Dash (the Ubuntu logo at the top-left of the screen)
or System->Administration->Boot-Repair menu (Ubuntu 10.04 only)
or by typing 'boot-repair' in a terminal
Then click the "Recommended repair" button.


How to test samba/afp configuration remote server?

You can use ssh to tunnel any port under SSH.

sudo ssh -L 139:localhost:139 user@server

Now if you try to connect to the 139 port in your computer you will be connecting to 139 in the server. Notes:

You need to use sudo to open a priviledged port(<1024) on your computer, not nice.
It won't work if you're already using port 139 (i.e. you are running samba on the local computer)
You will need to use your local computer by IP (we are not tunneling nbm).

Not nice at all, but it's the best idea that I have.


Mounting a Windows folder with writing permissions in Ubuntu

The above linked super user question is for mounting partition and sub directory in read only mode. You need only the sub-directory (personal folder) to  be read-write.

First check your system can mount ntfs partition in read-write mode

mount -t ntfs-3g  -o rw /dev/sda1 /media/windows

Now test if the mounted fs is writable. If not stop here and ask another question in this site.

The problem is an RO mounted partition's sub-directory can't be in RW. So the solution is mount the windows partition in RW in a hidden and inaccessible place. So let's mount it on /root/win which is inaccessible by non-root users  (without sudo)

As a root user do following
Steps
1. Mount windows partition in RW

mount -t ntfs-3g -o rw /dev/sda1 /root/win

2. Bind it

mount --bind /root/win/Users/MyUser/  /home/myuser/Windows

3. Bind a read only instance of windows partition

mount --bind /root/win /media/windows
mount -o remount,ro /media/windows

Now everything should be OK. Additionally you can unmount the windows partition but I warn you in some system it will make make the binded one (@home) inaccessible. The code is umount /root/win

Alternatively you can mount the windows partition in RW at /media/windows ( instead of /root/win) and immediately bind mount it at the same mount point (/media/windows)  so that no one (even root) can write on the partition (but on the user folder).


Ubuntu Desktop Webapps - Unable to paste

The inability to paste a password is probably meant as a safety measure. I can imagine however that it is counter-productive if you want to use more complicated passwords.

Fooling the system

BUT, with the option below, we can fool the system a bit and make it believe you typed the password yourself, but you actually pasted it in an intermediate window.

How it works in practice:

First you click in the the entry-box (password entry) of the desktop app's window.
Then you press a key combination of your choice (set in System Settings, see further below) to call a small window, in which you can paste your complicated password:

Click "OK", your password will be "typed" in the entry-box of the desktop app.

How to use

The script uses xdotool

sudo apt-get install xdotool

Paste the script below into an empty file, save it as paste_password.py
Add it to a shortcut key of your choice: Choose: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts". Click the "+" and add the command:

python3 /path/to/paste_password.py

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import time

try:
    command = 'zenity --entry --text "Password" --title "Password paste"'.strip()
    passwd = subprocess.check_output(["/bin/bash", "-c", command]).decode("utf-8").strip()
except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
    pass
else:
    time.sleep(0.5)
    subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", "xdotool type '"+passwd+"'"])


Install Ubuntu on Samsung series 5 ultra SSD

I used in ssd / ext4 jornaling

The hdd you put your /home

My disk

    Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
   */dev/sdb1        22G   11G   11G  49% /
    none            4,0K     0  4,0K   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    udev            1,9G  4,0K  1,9G   1% /dev
    tmpfs           1,9G  1,5M  1,9G   1% /tmp
    tmpfs           375M  920K  374M   1% /run
    none            5,0M     0  5,0M   0% /run/lock
    none            1,9G  160K  1,9G   1% /run/shm
    none            100M   48K  100M   1% /run/user
  **/dev/sda9       296G  180G  101G  65% /home
* SSD
** HDD

The number is 9 because I using dual boot.

When you will configure your disk you have to create a partition with 10MB for "Boot Bios"

tips and tricks:

https://sites.google.com/site/easylinuxtipsproject/ssd

http://refugeeks.com/use-tlp-to-optimize-the-power-consumption-in-ubuntu/

find for samsung-tools ppa


How to use virtualmin to manage an existing website?

You were given your answer here https://www.virtualmin.com/node/54366

  Right at the top of the download page it says you need to install your
  operating system from scratch and then install Virtualmin. As far as I
  know, there is not a way to put Virtualmin on top of an existing web
  server with active sites.

You could open a ticket

First, make sure you are using a supported OS - https://www.virtualmin.com/os-support.html

  non-LTS releases are not supported

Tickets here - https://www.virtualmin.com/project/issues


The desktop on my third monitor is distorted

The image it receives has lost sync, which suggests your PC is sending a signal at a resolution or a refresh frequency it is not designed to accept.

The latest 64-bit Linux driver which supports both the GT1050 and GT740 is version 430.50; suggest you make sure that's what you are using.

A search at the TV manufacturer website shows no manual or product information, but there was some information at Amazon. It has a maximum resolution of 1280×720@60Hz, so make sure that's the resolution you have the GT740 set to use. If it is, then replace the HDMI cable.

UPDATE: Your issue was solved by selecting a different resolution than Amazon's information suggested; 1280x768@60Hz worked for you. Congratulations!


Under what license is Ubuntu? Can it be legally modified and distributed?

It is entirely legal.
Examples of custom Ubuntu's that are released:

Linux Mint

Elementary OS

Also, Ubuntu itself wouldn't be in existence if it wasn't for Debian.
More on that relationship here
There is a page on Ubuntu licensing, in particular:

Software installed by default
When you install Ubuntu, you will typically install a complete desktop
environment. It is also possible to install a minimal set of software
(just enough to boot your machine) and then manually select the
precise software applications to install. Such a "custom" install is
usually favoured by server administrators, who prefer to keep only the
software they absolutely need on the server. All of the application
software installed by default is free software. In addition, we
install some hardware drivers that are available only in binary
format, but such packages are clearly marked in the restricted
component.

(emphasis mine)
There is the problem of Ubuntu Branding.
The trademark policy explains this:

Permitted use Certain usages of the Trademarks are fine and no
specific permission from us is needed.
Community advocacy.
Ubuntu is built by, and largely for, its community. We share access to the
Trademarks with the entire community for the purposes of discussion,
development and advocacy.
We recognise that most of the open source
discussion and development areas are for non-commercial purposes and
will allow the use of the trademarks in this context, provided: the
Trademark is used in a manner consistent with the Usage Guidelines
below there is no commercial intent behind the use what you are
referring to is in fact Ubuntu. If someone is confused into thinking
that what isn't Ubuntu is in fact Ubuntu, you are probably doing
something wrong there is no suggestion (through words or appearance)
that your project is approved, sponsored, or affiliated with Ubuntu or
its related projects unless it actually has been approved by and is
accountable to the Ubuntu Community Council

So (in this non-lawyers opinion), as long as you make it clear that this is a Ubuntu derivative  (similar to how Ubuntu is based on Debian), you're fine.
However, I am NOT a lawyer, so this could be a flawed interpretation.


You need caret browsing.

press F7 for enable to caret browsing.
open browsing window then press tab button, then select text using arrow keys. Finally ctrl+c and ctrl+v.


Network Configuration: IP Address Resets Spontaneously

Ifconfig changes are temporary. They are erased when networking is restarted.

Permanent changes are stored in /etc/networking/interfaces from the command line or through network manager.


You can't open the PDF file with a regular text editor, you have to use a Hex Editor, like ghex. Install it by running on console:

sudo apt-get install ghex

Or look for ghex into Ubuntu Software Center.


As you're deleting Ubuntu, your best option is to download the official Windows 8 CD/DVD from Microsoft, burn that to a CD/DVD and use the Windows 8 recovery options.  (That CD/DVD will recognize you have an OEM version without its recovery option created and act as a recovery CD/DVD)

Also, I'll be flagging your question for migrating to http://superuser.com where we have more people with more knowledge then me who will be able to help you further.

(I basically did the opposite of you: I deleted Windows 8 about a year ago and fully switched to Ubuntu since then)


Run Oracle VM VirtualBox on Ubuntu 13.04

Make sure you have linux kernel headers and build essentials installed:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-headers-generic linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential dkms

Then run:

sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup

watch for errors.


Copy-and-paste current working directory on command line without using the mouse

Here is a quick tutorial about how you can copy text from terminal using only keyboard:

  Open screen: screen (you can install it using sudo apt-get install screen command if you don't have already installed)
  Run your program, producing output you want copied (in your case pwd)
  Enter copy mode: Ctrl+A followed by [
  Move your cursor to the start point using arrow keys
  Hit Enter
  Move your cursor to the end point using arrow keys
  Hit Enter
  Paste: Ctrl+A followed by ]

Source: https://stackoverflow.com/a/312215/2353900

Or, because you use more tabs, is better to use xsel. To install it, run the following command:

sudo apt-get install xsel

Then in second tab run:

pwd | xsel -b

and in first tab (or wherever you want) paste from clipboard using Ctrl+Shift+V.

Source: https://stackoverflow.com/a/318874/2353900


Error while trying to install wine-stable 5.0.0

Have you tried install wine from synaptic? the version that is there is the 3.0.1, but it would serve to you in the most of the cases.

You should look for wine stable there, and then install it. The dependencies will install with it.

If for some reason you need a newer version, try doing this:

https://wiki.winehq.org/Ubuntu


Possible to upgrade 12.04->12.10, not 13x?

Upgrades are possible from any release to the next, or from one LTS release to the next LTS release.
That is, you can upgrade from 12.04 to 12.10 ONLY, and later to 14.04 as both 12.04 & 14.04 are LTS. But, 12.04 to 13.04 isn't possible directly, you'd have to upgrade twice.

In Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T), run this command when connected to a high-speed internet connection:

sudo apt-get do-release-upgrade

It'd upgrade you to 12.10 only. :-)