Does using Screenlets affect battery life on a notebook?

Well, anything that causes disk io or increased CPU cycles is particularly able to affect your battery life, unless your machine is configured to run full steam regardless. I think how much your battery life will be affected would range from hardly affected all the way to noticeably.

My guess is if you use them within sanity, as in run a few modest ones, you won't notice a difference.

So to answer the question more directly: "Yes, using screenlets will affect your battery life, with some exceptions"

I believe this answers your question sufficiently, right?


SSL handshake failed while trying to launch pulse secure VPN

The SSL handshake usually fails when your computer can contact the server, but the server's ssl certificate is not trusted. Try updating to the latest trusted certificate list.

cd /etc/ssl/certs
sudo wget http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem

If your vpn uses a self signed certificate, then place its pem file here as well.

Detailed instructions for setting up trusted certificates can be found at Pulse Secures knowledge base:
https://kb.pulsesecure.net/articles/Pulse_Secure_Article/KB40278


can't control cpu frequencies in 19.10 on 7390 xps 13 2-in-1

Found the solution. First, do not disable intel_pstate. Second, set the tlp defaults as you like.

Next, temporarily turn off 'secure boot' in the BIOS. This is necessary for the following command to work.

Issue (I have 8 cpus, hence the 0-7)

$ x86_energy_perf_policy -c 0-7 --hwp-max 1

This sets some kind of hardware max frequency parameter (?firmware) to the lowest level so that the max cpu frequency can be changed by cpupower to the match the lowest cpu frequency. (--hwp-min 1 will set the min frequency parameter if it is not already. But you shouldn't need to do this.)

You can now turn on 'secure boot' in the BIOS again.

Then issue

$ cpupower -c all frequency-set -u 800Mhz -g powersave

with whatever speed you like and it should work. So far things are working for me. Suspend/wake does not disturb the cpu frequency settings. AC and BATT setting in tlp are honored as they should be.

Notes: The lowest power I have been able to reach is about 3.5 Watts when the system is idle. If you can get your 7390 lower, please post!


Ubuntu 14.4.3 how to fix wifi on lenovo yoga 2 11

Install the proprietary BROADCOM Linux drivers.

Open a terminal and execute:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install dkms
sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo reboot

When you don't have Internet access or cannot connect to a router via Ethernet adapter - install BROADCOM Wireless Linux STA drivers offline, following this guide from @Pilot6: offline install


Where can I find a precompiled gcc 3.4.6 or 2.95 ARM cross-compiler?

Fot gcc 3.4.6, you can try the packages from

Jaunty (Ubuntu) http://packages.ubuntu.com/source/jaunty/gcc-3.4
Lenny (Debian)  http://packages.debian.org/lenny/gcc-3.4


How do I extract a single attribute from an XML file?

Since the input data (your XML file) is structured, you're better off using a query on that structured data, rather than treating it as plain text and messing with regular expressions.

We can use xmllint --xpath to evaluate an XPath expression on your xml input:

$ xmllint --xpath 'string(rss/channel/*[local-name()="astronomy"]/@sunrise)' weather.xml
6:48 am

- this is a little convoluted, as we have to deal with the different namespaces in that file, but works nonetheless.

For more information about XPath, the specification is at http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/


Make changes in Ubuntu 16.04 installation sequence?

The Ubiquity package is used to install Ubuntu and other versions of Linux, but its preseeding options are limited, as are the options in a Kickstart installation. Instead, I would like to suggest you add a script to run after the install, as this link describes.


df -h | egrep "(8[5-9]|9[0-9]|100)%" | cut -f 1 -d " "

This will catch 85% up to 100% (the 0, does the {1}00%)
The cut will show the 1st column (anything after the 1st space in the output is deleted; a device can not have a space)

Examples:

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1             139G  132G  218M 100% /
varrun                2.0G  368K  2.0G   1% /var/run
varlock               2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /var/lock
udev                  2.0G   48K  2.0G   1% /dev
devshm                2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm

$ df -h | egrep "(8[5-9]|9[0-9]|100)%" | cut -f 1 -d " "
/dev/sda1

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1             144G  130G  7.5G  95% /
varrun                506M  148K  506M   1% /var/run
varlock               506M  4.0K  506M   1% /var/lock
udev                  506M   72K  506M   1% /dev
devshm                506M     0  506M   0% /dev/shm
$ df -h | egrep "(8[5-9]|9[0-9]|100)%" | cut -f 1 -d " "
/dev/sda1


Some commands may have such an option (like -s for apt-get, or -n for rename), but in general this is neither true nor possible.


How do I correct a font that doesn't have a name?

Install ttx tools

sudo apt-get install fonttools

Convert ttf to ttx (XML file)

ttx fontfile.ttf

Open it for editing

gedit fontfile.ttx

Search for <namerecord nameID="1" ... > ... </namerecord> (and may be nameID="4" too)

Put the name you want in <namerecord nameID="1"> here </namerecord>
Save it & Reconstruct the font

ttx fontfile.ttx

Source: Change TTF font name


Pass Variable Value as Argument to Command

#!/bin/bash
xdotool type `date +%Y-%m-%d`


re Libre Office Writer top toolbar highligter

To show or hide the highlighting icon:

View --> Toolbars --> Customize

Then select the Toolbars tab, then the formatting toolbar from the drop-down menu and tick the dezired icon.

To stop the highlighter from highlighting just click again on the highlighter icon.


Can no longer access NAS on clean install of 20.04

One way to resolve this issue in Samba:

Edit /etc/samba/smb.conf

That file will be added when you install either the samba package or the smbclient package. If you don't want to install samba install smbclient:

sudo apt install smbclient

Then edit /etc/samba/smb.conf and right under the workgroup = WORKGROUP line add this one:

client min protocol = NT1

Another way - and one I prefer myself - is a cifs mount.


Script for checking for installed applications

You can combine these two pieces:

dpkg-query -W -f '${status} ${package} ${version}\n' |
sed -n 's/^install ok installed //p'

This will show the names of all installed packages, including their versions. If you don't need version numbers, omit the ${version} part.

Then, run apt-get update to get updated package lists, and:

/usr/lib/update-notifier/apt-check  -p

This will tell you the names of packages for which updates are available.

An idea would be (don't take this verbatim, I'm just providing an idea):

#!/bin/bash

$first_command > installed_packages
$second_command > packages_with_updates

if (grep $YOUR_PACKAGE installed_packages); then
   echo "Package is installed"
   if (grep $YOUR_PACKAGE packages_with_updates); then
      sudo apt-get -q -q update #apt-get runs in quiet mode to avoid lots of output
      echo "Update available for package"
      #Whatever you need to update the package here
   fi
else
   echo "Package not installed, installing..."
   #whatever you need to do to install here
fi


Installing custom ubuntu+grub on a secondary bootable drive

I suspect the issue is one of boot loader naming. Under EFI, a computer can boot in any number of ways:

From a hard disk -- In a normal OS installation, the boot loader resides on the hard disk's EFI System Partition (ESP), which is a FAT32 partition with a particular type code (C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B; EF00 in gdisk; "boot flag" and "esp flag" set in parted, GParted, or related tools). The boot loader can be named anything, but is conventionally placed in a subdirectory of EFI named after the OS or boot loader. For Ubuntu, it's EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi, although this is actually a shim program that calls GRUB at EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi, and GRUB can be set to launch directly if Secure Boot is disabled. The computer knows which program to launch because that information is stored in NVRAM.
From a removable disk -- On a removable disk, including an OS installer or anything you want to move from one computer to another (as in your case), the rules are similar to a hard disk installation; however, because the NVRAM cannot be relied upon to hold the boot loader information, the boot loader is stored using a standardized filename, which is EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi for x86-64/AMD64/X64 computers. This is often called the fallback filename. You'd put Shim in this filename and keep GRUB named grubx64.efi, but in the EFI/BOOT directory.
In miscellaneous other ways -- There are other boot methods, such as booting from a network or in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode. These aren't relevant to your question.

The Ubuntu installer is designed to install to a hard disk. If you want to install to a removable disk, you must either move/rename the boot loader files after the installation or install GRUB (or another boot loader) manually. You can do this by renaming EFI/ubuntu to EFI/BOOT and then renaming shimx64.efi within that directory to bootx64.efi, or by copying the files to achieve a similar effect. Alternatively, you can install another boot loader entirely, although this is likely to be a more tedious proposition, and it may create complications, particularly if you want to boot on computers with Secure Boot enabled.


Cronjob permission denied (Nightly backup shell script)

shady user doesn't have permission to execute backup.sh file for auto cron job
try to run it fist manually with shady user also set permission for backup.sh

chmod +x backup.sh


I don't see sufficient information on the cryptkeeper website specifically, but I think the case is that when cryptkeeper is decrypting the folder, it in fact does not decrypt everything. It is only when you are actually opening a file, particularly a large one, that a great deal of data is decrypted, and where the slowdown may occur. The encryption process took longer because it was the entire folder and contents that were being decrypted. It appears that cryptkeeper uses EncFS, a project which you can learn more about the workings of here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EncFS


How to encrypt my `inbox` Thunderbird file.

I haven't seen a graphical utility to do this, but you could setup an encrypted file container.

This is not trivial and requires manual configuration, and setting up a couple of script to unlock and then lock the folder when starting/exiting the application.

You could also encrypt any existing free space on a USB key or on your hard disk that has been made available by partitioning/resizing it as such, via the disk utility:

Using a partition or external USB storage is a bit less convenient but the easiest to setup in my experience.

Encrypting your home folder means all your files remain unencrypted while you are logged in. What is your primary concern? Another user / the admin on the same machine getting access to your files? Breach of information as a result of theft?

Once you have created such an on-demand encrypted file system, you will need to tell Thunderbird to store its data there, either by using its profile manager or by linking the .thunderbird directory from your home directory to the encrypted file system.


My suggestion is to use the umount command.

With the fdisk -l command and inserting different usb-drives determined as identified, say they are /dev/sdd1

Before creating the actions (file.desktop), create its directory:

mkdir -p ~/.local/share/file-manager/actions

Create and edit the action file (umount.desktop) by using these terminal commands one at a time:

touch ~/.local/share/file-manager/actions/umount.desktop
nano ~/.local/share/file-manager/actions/umount.desktop

Paste the below content in umount.desktop:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Action
Name=Eject Usb-Drive
Icon=dialog-password
Profiles=profile-zero;

[X-Action-Profile profile-zero]
Exec=umount /dev/sdd1
Name=Default profile


The default task manager in Ubuntu is called System Monitor. System Monitor is a very good task manager that, compared to Task Manager in Windows, uses much less system resources when it is running. This means that when an application has frozen, you can use the System Monitor to close it without using a lot of system resources which could cause your whole system to freeze.

In case your mouse is frozen too, you can still open the System Monitor from the keyboard if you assign a custom keyboard shortcut to the System Monitor in System Settings -> Keyboard -> Shortcuts tab. This answer has screenshots showing how to create a custom keyboard shortcut from the Keyboard -> Shortcuts tab.


Alright I'm stupid, you have to boot the tuxOnIce kernel instead of the default one. Now pm-hibernate  works just fine.

One weird thing though, it doesn't seem to recover from hibernation (hangs on "loading initial ramdisk" for up to 2 minutes) if I don't use the tuxOnIce (upstart) option. Anyone knows why ?


How to apply a python patch on installed library

Use the 'patch' tool to apply your patch. The description provided to you above is likely useful; first move to the django source directory or where ever you've uncompressed your egg, and then run patch (if you don't have patch installed simply do an apt-get install patch). I'd use -p1 as an arg, not sure why -p2 was specified, but my command might look like this;

patch -p1 --dry-run < name.patch

You can find out more with 'man patch'.


First of all try reinstalling faulty apps by:

sudo apt purge nautilus && rm -fr ~/.local/share/nautilus
sudo apt purge firefox && sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt clean && sudo apt update && sudo apt install nautilus firefox

Reinstall your GPU drivers

But you could also check your disk for bad sectors:

sudo badblocks -sv /dev/sdXY  > bad-blocks-result

And fix them, if required:

sudo fsck -t ext4 -l bad-blocks-result /dev/sdXY

And to kill an application use killall -9 firefox. It will terminate it forcefully. It is if your application could not be stopped just by killall firefox command.


Using the tr command with character ranges

You're using UTF-8. Yay! ASCII, and by extension UTF-8 (because the UTF guys tried to make it a superset of ASCII), has the alphabets in alphabetical order with no gaps, so a-z contains all the normal lowercase characters and nothing else, and so on.

However, that need not be true on some other encoding. The classic example is EBCDIC:

  The gaps between letters made simple code that worked in ASCII fail on
  EBCDIC. For example for (c='A';c<='Z';++c) would set c to the 26
  letters in the ASCII alphabet, but 40 characters including a number of
  unassigned ones in EBCDIC. Fixing this required complicating the code
  with function calls which was greatly resisted by programmers.

I'd like to think nobody uses weird stuff like this anymore, but who knows?

GNU tr doesn't support Unicode, AFAIK, but for programs that do, [[:upper:]] would also match Unicode characters that are considered uppercase alphabets, for example, a full-width "Ａ", or an A with an accent: À.

$ printf "%s\n" A a Ａ À | grep '[[:upper:]]'
A
Ａ
À
$ printf "%s\n" A a Ａ À | grep '[A-Z]'   # I'm also using Unicode, so grep tries to be friendly
A
À
$ printf "%s\n" A a Ａ À | LC_ALL=C grep '[A-Z]'
A


Go to

/usr/share/applications
/usr/local/share/applications
~/.local/share/applications

If you find it in any of these places delete it.


How can I ensure the linux-headers-x.xx.x-xx package is automatically installed when the kernel is upgraded?

Most likely the meta linux-headers-generic-hwe-16.04 is not installed.

The linux-headers-generic is installing headers for the 4.4 kernel, but you are using a HWE kernel, like 4.10.

Run

sudo apt install linux-headers-generic-hwe-16.04

and you should get headers updates.


Error during the installation of Java: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error

I actually fixed this problem by doing following:
sudo update-alternatives --config java

This command shows each installation of Java along with its installation path:
Output:

There are 4 choices for the alternative java (providing /usr/bin/java).

  Selection    Path                                            Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
  0            /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java      1111      auto mode
  1            /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java      1111      manual mode
  2            /usr/lib/jvm/java-16-oracle/bin/java             1091      manual mode
* 3            /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java   1081      manual mode
  4            /usr/local/java/jdk-16/bin/java                  1         manual mode

Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 2
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-16-oracle/bin/java to provide /usr/bin/java (java) in manual mode

I choosed 2nd one and copied the path to it then did following:
sudo nano /etc/environment

and inside that file added following:
JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-16-oracle/bin/java "

I reloaded file to apply previous commands:
source /etc/environment

and after running the java -version everything was okay.


Ubuntu randomly slows to a crawl for no reason

This sounds like indexing for a search engine. You can take a look at your disk usage with iotop. Maybe there is something like stigi, nepomuk or zeitgeist going crazy.


How to unpair bluetooth device from the command line

first of all start your Bluetooth from System settings.

Open terminal and type:

bluetoothctl

then you will see the list of devices you have paired with and their corresponding MAC address. To un-pair a device type:

remove aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff

replace aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff with the MAC address of the device to un-pair.

there is no un-pair commmand


"FreeType NOTFOUND" error when trying to build Okular from source

Try to use the -D switch of cmake:

cmake .. -DFREETYPE_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/include/freetype2/freetype ...


Man in the Middle Attack warning with OpenVPN

In this case, your client is not validating the server. To prevent man in the middle attacks, mutual verification is required, that is, you authenticate yourself to the server (you probably have either certificates or username and password), and your client automatically validates identity of the server.

Just connecting to specific address is not enough to actually authenticate the server.

To fix this, refer to linked documentation from the warning message. To validate the identity of the server, you need CA certificate that was used to sign server's certificate. If the VPN server is maintained by someone else, you should ask them. After getting appropriate CA file, add ca path/to/ca.crt directive to your configuration file.

Many will hate me for saying this, but often fixing that warning is not important. It really boils down to why you use VPN. If it is to provide little additional privacy when using public wifi, there's really high chance it does not matter. If everything you run over VPN is encrypted (e.g ssh and HTTPS), MitM could be nuisance and security risk, but not a dealbreaker.

If you do something that requires high confidentiality and integrity, you definitely should fix this, especially if that activity is unencrypted (e.g HTTP, IMAP, telnet).


How to permanently enable in-dash calculator in 13.10

When you perform a search on the home scope, there are a number of inputs that influence which scopes will be queried including:

Scopes selected through the filters (either through "Categories" of scopes, or directly as "Sources").
If the search term includes a keyword (e.g. your example of calculator:1+1).
Recommendations from the smart scope server based on the search query (e.g. if the search term looks like an equation it recommends asking the calculator scope).

It is probably the third one that is enabling the scope usually, and that recommendation doesn't come through if you've disabled online results.

I don't think there is an alternative way to force it to be used unfortunately.


how to setup local WiFi network in Ubuntu?

It is possible, if your computer is having in-build wifi router or you have to use wifi dongle and also you have connected internet through ethernet.

1.Click the network connection icon at the top right corner.

2.Click on Edit connections then Network connection pop up window will open.

3 In Network connection window select wireless tap and click on "Use as hotspot".

4 If you want you can assaign name for your wifi network or you can use the default name.

5 Note down the pass key and enter the same with your devices you want to connect to wifi.


Cannot detect 'Mobilelink ML27 Telkomsel Flash' modem in ubuntu 12.04

After a little bit of searching, I am able to detect the 'Mobilelink HSUPA 7.2 Mbps Model ML27' USB modem, it is in this thread (3G USB Modem Not Working in 12.04). The product key 20a6:f00e is found by lsusb and usb-devices.

sudu do
nano /usr/bin/usbModemScript and type

#!/bin/bash
echo 20a6 f00e > /sys/bus/usb-serial/drivers/option1/new_id

Then save and exit.
chmod +x /usr/bin/usbModemScript
nano /etc/udev/rules.d/option.rules and type

ATTRS{idVendor}=="20a6", ATTRS{idProduct}=="f00e", RUN+="/usr/bin/usbModemScript"
ATTRS{idVendor}=="20a6", ATTRS{idProduct}=="f00e", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe option"

Then save and exit.
sudo reboot

After reboot, it can be detected by Network Manager. I add it in the Mobile Broadband, with the following setting:

Country: Indonesia

Provider: Telkomsel

Plan: Volume-based

Number: *99#

Username: empty

Password: empty

APN: internet

Network ID: empty

Type: Any

PIN: empty

And I select the option 'Connect Automatically'


Getting "Ambiguous input redirect." when using diff

If shiftingV1.0 and shiftingV1.2 are commands that produce their output on the standard output stream, then you can use bash's process substitution feature, e.g.

diff <(command1) <(command2)

or in your case, assuming your commands read from the file inputTest.in via standard input

diff <(shiftingV1.0 < inputTest.in) <(shiftingV1.2 < inputTest.in)


How do I start Unity manually upon boot?

Run the following command in terminal:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

This opens the GRUB boot loader configuration file with a text editor.

Do the below changes:

Comment the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash", by adding # at the beginning, which will disable the Ubuntu purple screen.

Change GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="text". This makes Ubuntu boot directly into text mode.

Uncomment this line #GRUB_TERMINAL=console, by removing the # at the beginning. This makes GRUB menu into real black & white text mode (without a background image).

After saving the changes, update GRUB via the command:

sudo update-grub

Restart your computer and see the result.

To get the GUI, run sudo lightdm.

Reference


I have no SOA how to edit the db.domain file

In the forward section you can keep your DNS server IP,  or just set some Generic ISP IP such as 4.4.4.4 or 8.8.8.8. Indeed the forwards will not affect your internal DNS this is used when caching to the outer domains.

In order to understand bind9 with ubuntu it's better to read more about before starting your configuration.

you can read the official documentation from here.
Another great tutorial can get from here

Please refer to this link How do I do a complete BIND9 DNS Server Configuration with a hostname? you can find your needs in detail


dd isn't made to deal with faulty hardware. Try ddrescue instead. You can install it by running

sudo apt-get install gddrescue

I suggest reading GNU.org's extensive manual about ddrescue before running it.

Following the comment from psusi: This is probably not an issue with dd. You could check your old disk's SMART values with the Disk Utility and look for the Reallocation Count and Reallocated Sector Count properties. If they aren't zero, chances are good that the old disk lost some information important to Windows before cloning the disk.

Another possibility is a bad new drive (single bad sectors in new drives aren't necessarily a problem - I ran my 1TB WD Black drive for 15.000 hours and it came with two bad sectors, which got mapped out during an offline test with WD's diagnostic tool). Again, check with the Disk Utility to make sure.


Blackmagic intensity pro is a virus. It crash motherboard + PCI + USB devices

A piece of hardware, by definition, is not a virus. It can however, be incompatible with your current hardware, OS or other software. I would suggest you return this product, and purchase a comparable device that is compatible. (I'll post a link to the Ubuntu/Linux HAL here shortly.)
 You might also contact their company. I suggest you find their website for contact information. In your correspondence, you should include that you are a Linux user who would like to use their product, but you've had to return it due to the fact that they do not properly support a viable, and widely used Operating System. Also, that you will not purchase any further products until such matters are resolved.
Aside from that, @Javier Rivera make an excellent suggestion to visit http://ubuntuforums.org.
I've been a member there for some time and I'm sure there is someone there that would be glad to continue a discussion on this topic.


Is there a way to preinstall ubuntu (so it shows the wizard to create an account, and orientation stuff, on first boot)?

You may want to look at the Ubuntu Customization Kit.

  Ubuntu Customization Kit is a tool that helps you customizing official
  Ubuntu Live CDs (including Kubuntu/Xubuntu and Edubuntu) to your
  needs. You can add any package to the live system, for example
  language packs, or applications.1

To download see the UCK website.  For more information about customization, and other resources, see the Live CD Customization

1Source:UCK


l is an alias for ls -CF

the -F option for ls gives file type; the / means the file is a directory.

the -C option for ls arranges output in columns

For more options to ls see man ls

To see all aliases defined in the system just type alias

Some default aliases relating to ls (notice that ls itself is an alias!)

alias l='ls -CF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'

As mentioned by Rinzwind, if you find an unfamiliar command and nothing comes up with man <command> you should start by typing type <command> which will tell you what kind of command it is; in this case you get

type l
l is aliased to `ls -CF`

so you can investigate further :)

Rinzwind also pointed out that l will behave differently (or do nothing) in other systems, including older versions of Ubuntu, depending on whether and for what it is defined as an alias.


No internet after upgrade from 17.10 to 18.04

Same issue faced...following worked for me:

identify what is your ethernet interface with command $ifconfig

in my case that is: enp2s0
Then add following lines in /etc/network/interfaces

$sudo cat /etc/network/interfaces
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto enp2s0
iface enp2s0 inet dhcp

In my file last two lines were not there....once I enter those lines and given command

$ sudo ifup enp2s0

After that I inserted my LAN cable and it started working fine.


Run the following command from a terminal window to make sure you still have a swap partition detected:

sudo blkid

You should see something similar to the following output:

/dev/sda1: LABEL="Seagate Backup Plus Drive" UUID="6AAA4323AA42EB61" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="250GB_SHARE" UUID="240433A6043379BE" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdd1: UUID="a58096e4-eb95-4d9c-baf1-116b9790f435" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdd3: LABEL="System Reserved" UUID="3CE41D3EE41CFC38" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdd4: UUID="7A0E25640E251B21" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdd5: UUID="42f81964-fe1c-49bc-9b0a-2c5dde01071d" TYPE="swap"

As you can see my last line is what my swap partition is.  If you see that, and it is the same as in your /etc/fstab file, then type in from the terminal window:

sudo swapon -a

which will activate all swaps from the /etc/fstab file.

Hope this helps!


What is the best method to build Ubuntu Linux from scratch?

I wanted to be careful of doing anything damaging to my computer so I got a new hard drive and used a bootable USB drive as my host system and built LFS on the blank hard drive as this would be the safest option.

However, the LFS team goes pretty far to ensure neither the host nor the build can damage the other.  Chapter 4 sets the stage to ensure this, just follow the directions carefully and you'll be safe.  When you get to Chapter 5, you do very little in the host system everything is done as user lfs which should protect your current system.

Source: I just did an LFS build myself!


How can I `cat` a file as an attachment on a new Thunderbird email message from the command line?

I googled «thunderbird command-line», and this first hit seems to be what you want: http://kb.mozillazine.org/Command_line_arguments_(Thunderbird)


Cutting certain string from a longer string

You can use the command grep in this way:

grep -oP 'Data.*[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}' input-file > output-file

-o, --only-matching - show only the part of a line matching PATTERN.
-P, --perl-regexp - PATTERN is a Perl regular expression; or in this case could be used also the option -E, --extended-regexp - PATTERN is an extended regular expression (ERE).
the regexp 'Data.*[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}' matches to your requirements. It begin with the string Data, followed by unknown number * of any characters ., and ends with the date format: 4 digits from 0 to 9 dash 2 digits from 0 to 9 dash 2 digits from 0 to 9.

Here is also a sed solution:

sed -r 's/^.*(Data.*[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}).*$/\1/' /tmp/input-file

redirect the output to a new file > output-file or use the option -i.bak to make the changes in their places and create a backup file.
-r, --regexp-extended - use extended regular expressions in the script.
the command s means substitute: /<string-or-regexp>/<replacement>/.
^.* will match to the beginning ^ of the line, followed by unknown number of any characters.
.*$ will match to the end $ of the line, precede by unknown number of any characters.
within the the , the capture group (...), will be treated as the variable \1. So the whole line ^.*$ will be substituted by the part that matces to what is in the brackets.


To view/change permissions in Nautilus, the default file manager in Gnome and Unity, right click on the file and select properties:

Then go to the Permissions tab and you can change who can read and write to a file

I think to change the owner you need to run nautilus as root - to do this (in Unity and sometimes Gnome), press Alt+F2 to open 'Run a command' or Ctrl+Alt+T to open a terminal, and run:

gksu nautilus

enter you password and you can now change the owner:

eChanging permissions can also be done via commandline with thr chown and chmod commands.

If you want to change the view settings, use the icons to the top right, or the View menu in the top/menu bar:

To change File manager's preferences, go to 'Edit' > 'Preferences'


Different sort/arrange preferences for different directories

You can try nnn. It supports the following sorts:

modification/access/inode time
file size
file extension
disk usage
apparent disk usage
version sort
all the above in reverse order


Your query Do we need to upgrade even if the website doesn't run in SSL mode? suggests that you are not using SSL/TLS for your client connections but as you are connecting to PayPal servers you need to initiate TLS connections at that point.

PayPal have stated that as of June 2017 they will not accept API connections using anything other than TLS 1.2. This means you need to upgrade somehow, as TLS 1.2 support wasn't added to OpenSSL until v1.0.1 and this version wasn't packaged for your version of Ubuntu.

You have two options - upgrade the whole server or compile your own OpenSSL. I would highly recommend going for the first option as that leaves the complex and repetitive task of patching and testing OpenSSL to Ubuntu packagers; something I'm sure you haven't the time or inclination to do on a production server.


The Sage PPA currently only publishes a binary package for 64-bit systems:

$ grep '^Package' /var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_aims*_Packages
/var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_aims_sagemath_ubuntu_dists_trusty_main_binary-amd64_Packages:Package: sagemath-upstream-binary
/var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_aims_sagemath_ubuntu_dists_trusty_main_binary-amd64_Packages:Package: sagemath-optional
/var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_aims_sagemath_ubuntu_dists_trusty_main_binary-i386_Packages:Package: sagemath-optional

The PPA page for that package lists only amd64 in the Builds section.

Even in a VM, there's no reason not to use 64-bit. So install 64-bit Ubuntu.


is it possible that i deleted my files while trying to delete a symbolic link?

I am indeed afraid you have deleted the contents of the drive.

rm -r /media/d/ will recursively delete anything inside /media/d/, even if /media/d itself is a link. What you should have used is rm -f /media/d, which will only delete the link. THe -f flag is needed because it is a folder, not a file.

It probably has deleted quite a lot in those 3 seconds. It will, however, not delete directories itself. If this command would've finished it would have left you with an empty directory structure!


Epson Artisan 835 printer won't configure in Ubuntu 20.04

Finally found the proper approach to get this going.  It appears that this printer has fallen off the list of printers whose support is loaded by default.

Go to Epson's web site, find the driver, and download it, saving it as a file. For my system, it is: epson-inkjet-printer-artisan-725-835-series_1.0.0-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb
Verify that dpkg is loaded. it's no longer loaded by default in 20.04.  You can load it with "sudo apt-get install dpkg".
Load the driver using dpkg:
sudo dpkg -i /home/dean/Downloads/epson-inkjet-printer-artisan-725-835-series_1.0.0-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb
Now, you can set up your printer using the gui printer configuration within settings. I specified the URI using the dnssd protocol.

Print a test page to verify a functional printer.


Getting 'PXE-561: Media test failure, check cable' errors when I attempt to boot. What's wrong?

You are getting "PXE-561: Media test failure, check cable PXE-M0F: Exiting Intel Boot Agent " because you have the system set to boot from the network in the BIOS. Revert the BIOS to defaults, save changes and exit and this will likely solve your problem immediately. If not comment on what happened instead


Why is my laptop screen flickering uncontrollably on Ubuntu 20.04?

I had the same issue. I found out that ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS has 5.8 kernel which caused this apparently. I then revert back to 20.04.1 LTS which has 5.4 kernel. The issue disappeared. Check your installed kernel version. If its 5.8 then go back to 5.4


Ubuntu 19.04 applications loading way too long

This is because a few applications like gnome-calculator and gnome-system-monitor are actually snap apps. The delay is a known issue of snap apps. A workaround is to remove snap apps and replace them by apt ones.

You can get a list of your installed snaps running

snap list

You can remove a snap app running

snap remove <snap-name>

To install an apt app run

sudo apt install <apt-name>

<apt-name> is usually the same as the <snap-name>


ap-hotspot works but nothing can connect

Short answer: you probably have another instance of dnsmasq running. So kill all instances :

Edit 1 (thx to  Andrea):

$ sudo killall dnsmasq

Original answer:

$ sudo netstat -taunp | grep -w LISTEN | grep dnsmasq | awk '{print $7}' | sed -r "s/([0-9]+).*/\1/" | xargs kill -9

and try to start the hotspot again :

$ sudo ap-hotspot debug

Starting Wireless Hotspot...
* Stopping DNS forwarder and DHCP server dnsmasq
* (not running)

[...]

* Restarting DNS forwarder and DHCP server dnsmasq
...done.
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
Wireless Hotspot active


Dual Boot Windows 10 and Ubuntu Grub Issue

usually the fastest easy way to solve this kind of problems is directly reinstall Grub.

Did you try?

Grub automatically detect bootable installations and will make a new set of options into the boot menu.
So:

Boot in ubuntu, open terminal and do:

sudo grub-install /dev/XXX

where /dev/XXX is your hard disk.

I think you have Ubuntu and Windows on the same hard disk, so something like:

Ubuntu= /dev/sda1
Windows= /dev/sda2

In this case, to reinstall Grub you must do:

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

To make it work properly, Grub must be installed "outside" a partition, so  into the /dev/sda Hard Disk, without number.

Try that and if you are lucky at the next reboot you will have a working options menu =D

Bye!


A lot of the sticking/stacking issues are actually Compiz bugs.  Recently the Compiz developers gave me a really useful workaround tip:

Ctrl+Alt+RightArrow (switch to next virtual desktop)
Ctrl+Alt+LeftArrow (switch back to original virtual desktop)

If Unity/Compiz gets really stuck (quite rare these days, but I appreciate that it may still happen), then a workaround that keeps all of your applications and work is:

Ctrl+Alt+F1 (switch to console and login)
killall -9 compizunity --replace
Alt+F7 (switch back to graphical login)

Waiting 15 seconds will cause the windows to all re-appear.  If the stacking is still broken, you can do the double-desktop switch at the top to hopefully clear it.


There is a Readme.md file that you should open and read. It should contains instructions on how install conky.

Anyway, since there is an INSTALL file, you can try to install conky running that file. So open a terminal, place terminal working directory inside conky folder with this command:

cd <file-location>

and run the following command that will execute INSTALL file:

./INSTALL

Now follow instructions on the screen. At the process end you should have installed conky.

I hope this could help you.

P.S. In any case, I recommend to you to read the Readme file every time you are not sure on what to do. Often is enough clear to help you to carry out your task.


How To Find The Command Is Internal Or External In Ubuntu

At the very top of the help output:

GNU bash, version 4.4.18(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
These shell commands are defined internally.  Type `help' to see this list.

Thus, they are internal.


You can use the Upstart respawn feature. Use the upstart job for apache found here: https://bitbucket.org/CameronNemo/upstart-jobs/src/2090612200fa588412e3fe22aec5ba3747ae88d2/apache2.conf?at=master

then just add a line that reads respawn.


Where to find compile/build configuration - Problem with Tor from source

Found it on this question (so this is a duplicate!)

Configuration and compilation settings used for Ubuntu packages

This answer points to a very useful link:
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rebuilding-ubuntu-debian-linux-binary-package/

That solved my issue... and I even have a new .deb (although with a signature issue, but I'll look into that!)


Windows 10 will not read Ubuntu formatted Flash drive

The solution was: Use Gparted to erase the primary partition, re create it and then format. There's a hidden bug somewhere.


difference between installation options for NodeJS on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

The version you'll install through apt is the version packaged for the OS by Ubuntu. On Ubuntu 18.04, that appears to be nodejs 8.10.0. The version provided directly from the nodejs website (the curl and wget options) is the latest version, but if you download it you'll have to keep it up to date manually.

I don't use NodeJS so there may be other recommendations from the community, but as a general rule it's best to install the version of a package from apt unless you specifically know you need to do otherwise.

Reasons why you might need to do otherwise include you potentially specifically needing a newer version of nodejs. This happens sometimes, but if you do need it, it's worth signing up for their mailing list or another way of getting notified when a newer version is released so you can update it rather than have potential security issues.


Ok tested on 12.04, 12.10 and 13.04, is rather easy and I will add more info as I do more tests. Since we are talking Unity, do no expect right now for the launcher to go down like in windows (Bottom part of the screen). At least for now. The rest will actually change. So here are the steps:

Visit THIS SITE and download the latest theme version from there. It is called Win2-7 Remix. Extract the content of this to any folder. You will need to copy this later on. It should create a folder called win2-7 with everything inside of it including a sub-folder called unity.

Open Nautilus and go to your HOME folder. Once there press CTRL+H so you can see all hidden files.

Create a folder called .themes and copy inside of it the win2-7 folder you extracted earlier on

Install the Gnome Tweak Tool either from the Software Center, Synaptic or by clicking HERE

Open DASH and type "Tweak", you should see something like the following:

Open the Gnome Tweak Tool and select the Theme category.

Change the Current Theme and GTK+ Theme to Win2-7

Now everything should look like this:

ICONS
The icons can be found HERE. You would need to extract the file and copy the content to /usr/share/icons. It should look like /usr/share/icons/win2-7_icons after you copy it. Now in the Gnome Tweak Tool, on the theme category, change the Icon option accordingly. I put this option as last since it looks horrible on 12.10 and 13.04 but on 12.04 it looked good for a couple of seconds.
WARNING - Since this is not official, you might get video corruption on the panel or the desktop, it might also stop working for a couple of seconds, feel slower, etc.. To go back, simply open the Gnome Tweak Tool and change the theme back. Or right click the desktop, select properties and change the theme from there.


unable to load nvidia(bumblebee) in ubuntu 14.04 (only nouveau loads)

Ubuntu has support for Nvidia Optimus out of the box via a solution that works a lot faster than Bumblebee. It is done using the "nvidia-prime" package which is a native solution to switch between Nvidia or Intel graphics.

To use it however, you need the Nvidia Proprietary drivers. (just look for them in the additional drivers tab in Ubuntu). Once installed, look for "Nvidia PRIME" in the Nvidia Settings manager.


I think this might be a better explanation, if you haven't already found it yourself.

Open a terminal window and type:

cd /usr/share/applications

Now follow the Step #4 of this answer onward!


Can't reinstall Ubuntu after multiple times (16.04)

The first thing I would check would be the disk integrity. Use a tool like "crystal disk info" from a windows machine and see what it says regarding the hard drive. If the drive is bad, I recommend getting a new one. If it is fine, then I would consider bad SATA cables or installation media. Bad cables and pins are rare (unless you have been removing the hard drive rather rough) but is still possible. You will rarely get this error from a bad installation media but it is possible as well.


How to add shortcut to .appimage program to the launcher?

There are a few parts to this.
The first, most basic issue is that, as far as Linux is concerned, an AppImage is just an executable binary program like any other. For this to work, the first thing you have to do is to make the AppImage file executable because that permission is generally disabled in most things that you download.
chmod 755 your-AppImage-file

The other part of this is telling your system where to find the AppImage file.
When you run things from your GUI, don't assume that the environment is setup the same as when you run them from a terminal. In particular, KDE doesn't run .bashrc first, so any customizations it does like adding $HOME/bin to your PATH have not been done.
I store all my AppImage files in $HOME/Containers which is not in my PATH, so Linux can't find them by default. So, I could either add that directory to my PATH or specify it when I run the AppImage. I choose the latter.
Once this issue is taken care of, all you have to do is add an entry in your launcher to run the AppImage. It should be set to run the absolute path to your AppImage file.
The second issue is that a bunch of the AppImages I use include their version number in their file names. When these get updated (sometimes automatically, by themselves), this breaks the menu entry that points to the old name. Rather than manually editing my menu every time this happens, I wrote a helper script to deal with this by finding the AppImage for me.
This should be saved in a file in a directory in your PATH such as $HOME/bin and set as executable.
#!/bin/bash
## app_launch
## Launch an AppImage with a variable name
## Copyleft 06/10/2019 - Joseph J Pollock - JPmicrosystems
## Usage: app_launch <unique-name-substring>
## FIXME: arg may not have embedded blanks

##source $HOME/bin/bash_trace
cd "$HOME/Containers"  ## Where all my AppImages live
##find . -iname \*$1\*.AppImage  ## debug
real_name="$(find . -iname \*$1\*.AppImage)"
##echo "real_name = [$real_name]"

count="$(echo "$real_name" | wc -l)"
if (( count > 1 ))
then
  echo "Found more than one possible AppImage"
  exit 1
fi

if [[ ! -x "$real_name" ]]
then
  echo "Can't find an executable AppImage for [$1]"
  exit 1
fi

./"$real_name"

I use this in the menu entry:
app_launch electrum %U

The trick here is to select a string ("electrum" in the above example) that is unique to the desired appImage file name, but doesn't change from release to release.
The %U isn't strictly necessary, but see the note below.
When you first configure a menu entry for a new AppImage, you should run app_launch from a terminal the first time because, if something goes wrong, it issues messages to the console and I didn't bother to make them GUI messages, so you won't see them when running the script from your menu/launcher.

When you add a menu entry, there are some optional parameters you can tack on as arguments. You normally don't need them, but they come in handy for more advanced usages. These work in KDE, but I suspect they are part of a more general standard and should work elsewhere as well.
%f - a single file name
%F - a list of files; use for applications that can open several local files at once
%u - a single URL
%U - a list of URLs
%d - the folder of a file to open
%D - a list of folders
%i - the icon
%m - the mini icon
%c - the caption

I have some bash scripts that take a file name as an argument. I have them in my menu and I also have them set as file type options in my file manager which are offered when I right click on a file icon in my file manager. When I do that, the file manager replaces %f with the name of the file I just clicked on so my script knows to work with that file.


Use a usb flash disk for installing Ubuntu. It's a better way.


texlive-pstricks-doc unable to install on Ubuntu 15.04

Alright, after checking a couple of things, I ran sudo apt-get clean, then ran the update again. This time, it downloaded a new copy of texlive-pstricks-doc, and installed it without issue. Turns out, it was just a broken download.


Wifi is not connected automatically in my dell inspiron 15 5570

You need firmware! With a working internet connection, please open a terminal and do:

cd /tmp
sudo wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-firmware/linux-firmware_1.169.1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

Reboot and your wireless should be working.


Error in virtualbox ubuntu whilst attempting to fix screen resolution

The error means that a package manager (e.g. apt-get) is currently running and locking mentioned files and directories.  Try to find the process and end it regularly (if possible) or just restart your computer.  Afterwards the lock should be remedied.


Wifi Connection up and down Kubuntu 13.04

You need to rest you router, then try to turn on your wifi to get the signal. "A message will indicate if you are connected or not"; then if you need repository driver for your wifi installed in your unit, you better update it for better performance.


Sound comes through speakers AND headphones on Ubuntu 12.04

Have you tried controlling this with PulseAudio pavucontrol? On the Configuration tab you should have something like Analogue Stereo Duplex, on the Output Devices tab you can select the port for this built-in audio device, either Speakers or Headphones and when your music player is running you should see your player listed on the Playback tab where you can control the output volume.


Don't wait for user input on errors while booting

After A LOT of looking around I came across a Ubuntu Forums question that should solve your issue;

  Fixed it by editing /etc/fstab

  Edit the line with the affected drive, and add the following option:
  nobootwait

  /dev/sdax /media/drive auto rw,user,exec,nobootwait 0 0

Reference

This will obviously only work for drive mount errors not ALL errors, I'm not certain how you could ignore all errors regardless but I would think that you would want to know what the actual error is.


You don't have an ipv4 address, your ipv6 address is only applicable inside your broadcast domain.. its non-routable.

Relevant Wiki


How to stop automatic time update via terminal?

GNOME Automatic Date & Time doesn't use the ntp service, installable via sudo apt-get install ntp. Therefore stopping or uninstalling the service doesn't help.

Systemd timedatectl is used, therefore one  command to switch off

timedatectl set-ntp 0

and one command to switch on

timedatectl set-ntp 1

Example

% timedatectl set-ntp 1

or via timedatectl status

% timedatectl status
      Local time: Do 2015-10-08 18:17:17 CEST
  Universal time: Do 2015-10-08 16:17:17 UTC
        RTC time: Do 2015-10-08 16:17:17
       Time zone: Europe/Berlin (CEST, +0200)
     NTP enabled: no
NTP synchronized: yes
 RTC in local TZ: no
      DST active: yes
 Last DST change: DST began at
                  So 2015-03-29 01:59:59 CET
                  So 2015-03-29 03:00:00 CEST
 Next DST change: DST ends (the clock jumps one hour backwards) at
                  So 2015-10-25 02:59:59 CEST
                  So 2015-10-25 02:00:00 CET

% timedatectl set-ntp 1

% timedatectl status
      Local time: Do 2015-10-08 18:17:35 CEST
  Universal time: Do 2015-10-08 16:17:35 UTC
        RTC time: Do 2015-10-08 16:17:35
       Time zone: Europe/Berlin (CEST, +0200)
     NTP enabled: yes
NTP synchronized: yes
 RTC in local TZ: no
      DST active: yes
 Last DST change: DST began at
                  So 2015-03-29 01:59:59 CET
                  So 2015-03-29 03:00:00 CEST
 Next DST change: DST ends (the clock jumps one hour backwards) at
                  So 2015-10-25 02:59:59 CEST
                  So 2015-10-25 02:00:00 CET


Boot options in persistent live drive made my mkusb

You should edit the file

mountpoint/boot/grub/grub.cfg

similar to what you do directly from the grub menu, that is modify the end of the line that starts with linux.

If you want to play safe, make a backup copy of grub.cfg

Seen when the drive is connected to another [running] linux system

sudo lsblk -o name,fstype,label,mountpoint /dev/sdc
NAME   FSTYPE  LABEL                    MOUNTPOINT
sdc
├─sdc1 ntfs    usbdata                  /media/sudodus/usbdata
├─sdc2
├─sdc3 vfat    usbboot                  /media/sudodus/usbboot
├─sdc4 iso9660 Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS amd64 /media/sudodus/Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS amd64
└─sdc5 ext4    casper-rw                /media/sudodus/casper-rw

This file resides in the third partition usbboot, in my case mounted at /media/sudodus/usbboot

Seen when the persistent live system is running - continue past grub

$ sudo lsblk -o name,fstype,label,mountpoint /dev/sdb
NAME   FSTYPE  LABEL                    MOUNTPOINT
sdb
├─sdb1 ntfs    usbdata                  /media/ubuntu/usbdata
├─sdb2
├─sdb3 vfat    usbboot                  /media/ubuntu/usbboot
├─sdb4 iso9660 Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS amd64 /cdrom
└─sdb5 ext4    casper-rw                /media/ubuntu/casper-rw

This file resides in the third partition usbboot, in this case mounted at /media/ubuntu/usbboot (where ubuntu is the default live username).

So edit the file with a text editor; I use nano

nano mountpoint/boot/grub/grub.cfg

and you will see several linux lines that have --- at the end. Edit all the lines that you intend to use like so

linux ... nomodeset ---

or generally with some other boot option

linux ... your-new-boot-option ---

where ... represents everything currently between linux and --- that you want to keep. For example, you keep it all or you may skip quiet splash. Please notice that there should be a space character before and after the new boot option.

It is enough to save this file. There is no preprocessing in the persistent live system.

Boot options in a live-only drive make by mkusb

Boot options in a live-only drive make by mkusb must be added at the grub menu or syslinux menu and cannot be saved, because the system is cloned from the iso file and inherits the iso9660 file system, which is read-only.

In grub you get into editing mode by pressing the e key.

Edit the line starting with linux as described above.

You can [only] save this edit temporarily, with F10 or ctrl + x for this particular boot instance.

In syslinux you use the F6 option.

Press the Escape key to get to the line
Edit the line
Press the Enter key to continue.

If you mark the menu item (press Enter to select), you can press the Escape key to continue (and the selection will be remembered, even if you cannot see it in the 'line'). Press the Enter key to continue.

See more about boot options at the following link and links from it,

Boot options


How can I automatically launch GPSD on startup?

You're correct - it is a group membership problem. First, see who owns the device:

ls -l /dev/ttyUSB0

On MY system, I don't have /dev/ttyUSB0, so I'll use /dev/ttyS0 instead

walt@bat:~(0)$ ls -l /dev/ttyS0
crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 4, 64 Feb 23 08:19 /dev/ttyS0
walt@bat:~(0)$

The output of the ls command shows that it's owned by root:dialout, and allows group access to the device.

Add your user to the dialout (or whatever is right for your system) group with:

sudo adduser $USER dialout

Then to make this group membership take effect, logout/login, OR newgrp dialout to start a shell with that group membership.

Check your group membership with /usr/bin/id.


Switch language layout by Alt+Shift. Problem with next shift+any key for typing text

You have just discovered 10+ years old bug.
The X server interprets shortcuts on key press, not key release.
I have prepared specially patched Xorg packages to fix this bug in my PPA.
Packages from it does not work on GNOMEs Hell, but works for many other environments in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (at least in Cinnamon, KDE, MATE, Unity, Xfce).
Use commands below to add the PPA:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nrbrtx/xorg-hotkeys
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

and then reboot. Note this PPA also good for Ctrl+Shift.

Optionally pin (lock/hold) related packages to prevent their upgrade with:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/pin-xorg-hotkeys
Package: *
Pin: release o=LP-PPA-nrbrtx-xorg-hotkeys
Pin-Priority: 1337
EOF


Can I save my data while reinstalling Ubuntu again?

During the Ubuntu setup there is an option to reinstall Ubuntu. Select that option and continue with your installation, you won't have to suffer any data loss.


What do the 4 keyboard input method systems mean?

IBus has support for the typical languages requiring an IME such as Japanese, Chinese (various) and Korean. See list below.

It has replaced SCIM as the IME frontend of choice for Ubuntu, since it's more actively developed. If you're not happy with IBus, SCIM is a mature alternative.

List of packages starting with ibus:

ibus-anthy                  ibus-table-cangjie3         ibus-table-rustrad
ibus-array                  ibus-table-cangjie5         ibus-table-scj6
ibus-chewing                ibus-table-cangjie-big      ibus-table-stroke5
ibus-clutter                ibus-table-cantonese        ibus-table-thai
ibus-el                     ibus-table-cantonhk         ibus-table-translit
ibus-gtk                    ibus-table-cns11643         ibus-table-translit-ua
ibus-hangul                 ibus-table-compose          ibus-table-viqr
ibus-input-pad              ibus-table-easy             ibus-table-wu
ibus-m17n                   ibus-table-easy-big         ibus-table-wubi
ibus-mozc                   ibus-table-emoji            ibus-table-xinhua
ibus-pinyin                 ibus-table-erbi             ibus-table-yawerty
ibus-pinyin-db-android      ibus-table-extraphrase      ibus-table-yong
ibus-pinyin-db-open-phrase  ibus-table-ipa-x-sampa      ibus-table-zhuyin
ibus-qt4                    ibus-table-jyutping         ibus-table-ziranma
ibus-skk                    ibus-table-latex            ibus-tegaki
ibus-sunpinyin              ibus-table-quick            ibus-unikey
ibus-table                  ibus-table-quick3           ibus-xkbc
ibus-table-array30          ibus-table-quick5
ibus-table-cangjie          ibus-table-quick-classic

As for lo-gtk and th-gtk, I think they are for Lao and Thai respectively. See below:

$ locate lo-gtk
/etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/lo-gtk

$ head -n3 /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/lo-gtk
#
# This configuration provides default IM setting for Lao with stock GTK+
# Thai-Lao input method.

$ head -n3 /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/th-gtk
#
# This configuration provides default IM setting for Thai with stock GTK+
# Thai-Lao input method.


Uploading files via sftp failed. Permission denied

The better method would be for your program to upload to a user owned directory on the server (aka /home/$USER/upload/ and install a cron job in /etc/crontab on the server that copies the files over as the user apache is set to (likely www-data or apache2) into /var/www/html/ -after- making a timestamped backup of the files it is going to overwrite.

it would solve your problem
it would prevent data loss in case your copy does something nasty.
no need to mess with the website settings and /var/www/html/

A directory watcher (see how to put a trigger on a directory ) can do this real-time.


Elantech - Touchpad not working after upgrading to 18.10 from 18.04 (ThinkPad L480)

According to https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1803600  adding the kernel parameter psmouse.elantech_smbus=0 to the boot options fixes the problem across reboots.

And yes, this a bug with the linux kernel.


No internet connection - - how to reinstall network drivers on Bionic?

Please reboot. Using the Shift key, interrupt the boot process to get to the GRUB menu: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2

Select Advanced Options and scroll down to the earlier kernel version, 4.15.0-42-generic. Press Enter to boot it.

Once you are booted into -42, I suspect that your networking will now work. If so, we'll reinstall -43:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install --reinstall linux-image-4.15.0-43-generic
sudo apt install --reinstall linux-modules-4.15.0-43-generic

After all is completed, reboot and -43 should now also be working.

EDIT: In our chat, we found that the ethernet driver you installed was r8168-dkms. The driver either is not signed ar not signed properly to satisfy Secure Boot. After you disabled Secure Boot in the BIOS/EFI, the driver loaded correctly and the ethernet is working.

We also found that the wireless driver was blacklisted. We removed the blacklist, flipped the Airplane Mode switch and now the wireless is also working.


Ubuntu works perfectly on a touch screen Laptop, Yes! without any bugs.
I too have a touch screen laptop ( Dell Inspiron 11 3147 ) which supports multi-touch features and gestures.

The launcher moves up and down when you swipe on it either up or down
The launcher icons also open when you single tap on them.
Even the files and folders opens when double tapped on it.
The minimize, maximize and the close button responds well on single tap.
You can scroll the documents and web pages and many more.

You can get the basic touch features
but..
Not complete features what you get on other operating systems (windows).
For example, If you want to zoom an image or a web page or a PDF document, doing it with two fingers won't work, i.e

Multi touch etc..
And also... I couldn't find a driver for my Accelerometer so.. it won't rotate your screen when you rotate your laptop.

So.. Lets hope for getting a better support for touch laptops in the next release of ubuntu i.e, 16.04


Get a list of 'held back' packages from apt for using with `apt-get install`?

dpkg -l | grep ^h shows the packages that have been held back.


Laptop with AMD A8 CPU overheats, fan not at highest speed, Ubuntu 14.04

Have you tried the fancontrol package?

sudo apt-get install fancontrol

If you have multiple fans, you might need to figure this out using

sudo pwmconfig

Visit How to control fan speed? for more details.


How to boot Ubuntu without triggering cron job?

Linux Recovery

On boot: Press and hold Esc (or shift) as soon as anything appears on screen
GRUB Menu: Using arrow keys:
Select: Advanced
Select: [kernel.version]... (recovery mode)
Select: root - Drop to root shell prompt
This will mount read only filesystem for default (first admin) user, so you need to remount as read/write:
Remount as read/write: mount -o remount,rw /
Fix or delete your cronjob
Reboot


Accidentally mounted a partition on /usr

Yes; a reboot will get rid of the mount.


Can Testdisk be used from the same Hard drive?

We can't change the partition table of a harddrive in use. Furthermore all partitions of a drive need to be unmounted before we can rescue partition tables on that drive.

This can easily done by booting a live system.

To prevent further data loss it is however not recommended to change the partitioning on a drive directly. If data matter we should perform partition recovery on an image of the drive, or at least rescue our data on an external drive before we change the partition layout.


Go to System Settings/Displays, and toggle the setting circled below, to the desired screen.


Why does Software & Updates affects do-release-upgrade command in terminal?

The do-release-upgrade command, the Update Manager, the Software Sources program and the Software Centre all share a few common libraries and  configuration files.

The particular aspect you are looking at (the next version of Ubuntu you wanted to be prompted for), is set in the file /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades.

You can edit it, and set the value of the Prompt option. Quoting the comments:

Default prompting behavior, valid options:

 never  - Never check for a new release.
 normal - Check to see if a new release is available.  If more than one new
          release is found, the release upgrader will attempt to upgrade to
          the release that immediately succeeds the currently-running
          release.
 lts    - Check to see if a new LTS release is available.  The upgrader
          will attempt to upgrade to the first LTS release available after
          the currently-running one.  Note that this option should not be
          used if the currently-running release is not itself an LTS
          release, since in that case the upgrader won't be able to
          determine if a newer release is available.

Both the GUI and the command line derive these settings (since eventually, they all end up using the Python class UpdateManager.Core.MetaRelease.MetaReleaseCore, in which:

 # some constants
 CONF = "/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades"
 CONF_METARELEASE = "/etc/update-manager/meta-release"

And

if parser.has_option("DEFAULT", "Prompt"):
    type = parser.get("DEFAULT", "Prompt").lower()
    if (type == "never" or type == "no"):
        # nothing to do for this object
        # FIXME: what about no longer supported?
        self.downloaded.set()
        return

So, this is how it has been coded, without any option to override the configuration file.

Therefore, if you want to disable the GUI notification, but be able to use do-release-upgrade, you will have to edit the configuration file. This can be done easily enough (replacing lts with normal, if you prefer):

sed -i.bak 's/^Prompt=.*$/Prompt=lts/' /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
do-release-upgrade -c
sed -i.bak 's/^Prompt=.*$/Prompt=never/' /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades

Note that there seems to be a directory for extensible configuration  (/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades.d), but it seems to be unused as of now.


After upgrade Ubuntu display 2 software center and filezilla not working

Try deleting the config file sudo rm ~/.config/filezilla/filezilla.xml since it seems there is a problem with the old configuration

Then remove old software centre sudo apt-get remove software-centre since ubuntu 16.04 uses gnome-software centre.


How do I find out what is happening during an upgrade

So you want to know what the upgrade is doing? This is usually printed in the terminal if that's where you
Sudo apt update &&
Sudo apt upgrade &&
Sudo apt install dist-upgrade

Then hear should  be the output of updated repository (ies)
The upgrade what's being installed as the upgrade an  then the distribution upgrade output linux headers etc

apt-list --upgradeable will give u all the packages upgrade will upgrade, hope this helps


Select another location in updates and run:

sudo apt-get update


Managing Information: voicemail-mp3's/transcripts/notes + txt msgs. Do I need a database?

It seems I'm in an awkward situation in which I've got enough data with enough structure that it's too big for the standard spreadsheet, but it's barely big enough to warrant my learning database design.  I've decided to plunge ahead anyway, since learning it'll no doubt come in handy at some point.

One thing I think I have cleared up is that databases only hold text data.  They may link via a URI to some more complex objects, like videos or graphics, but their "records" (or so-called "documents" in the case of a "Document Store" database like MongoDB) are just glorified csv's.  There is one exception in that some DB's allow for inserting images, but even then it slows things down and makes the database large and bulky, so better to keep them separate and link to them.

Finally, the database itself is separate from the client which interacts with the database.  The interface could just be a shell/cli, but there are also many GUI's out there, like Robomongo for MongoDB, or DBeaver which is a "universal" client that can interact with many different kinds of DB.  LibreOffice Base is itself a simple client which is packaged with a front end that offers the option to create an instance of a few different kinds of DB.

I got a lot more to learn, but I think I've at least got the tour guide map to get me going.  If anyone's got anything to add, I'd certainly appreciate it!


Well, if a filesystem reports wrong amount of space used and some of its contents is unreadable it suggests a corrupted filesystem - possibly caused by your hard drive failing.

First of all, make sure you have a recent backup of all your important files. Then you can boot from an Ubuntu LiveCD and use smartctl to see S.M.A.R.T. status of your hard drive and run fsck to find/fix filesystem errors (provided that hardware is ok, otherwise it make no sense to fix them)


How  to make a input method for my conlang using m17n?

A quick search on alternative.to to ukelele led me to Keyboard layout editor whose latest version (although built three years ago almost) is at github here. According to the site,

  Keyboard Layout Editor is a pygtk program that helps create or edit
  XKB keyboard layouts. To run the application, you need the python
  binding packages for

  Cairo
  Pango
  GObject
  lxml

  and the Antlr 3.1.2 Runtime environment for Python. You grab that at
  http://antlr.org/download/Python/

  You need to process the ANTLR grammars in order to generate the
  necessary Python code. All *.g files should be processed with ANTLR.

  You can get the ANTLR 3.1.2 package from
  http://www.antlr.org/download/antlr-3.1.2.jar Assuming you installed
  Antlr 3.1.2 in your CLASSPATH, you compile a grammar (*.g) with

  java org.antlr.Tool *.g

  Here is a practical example with Antlr 3.1.2.

sudo apt-get install python-setuptools
  wget http://antlr.org/download/Python/antlr_python_runtime-3.1.2-py2.5.egg
  sudo easy_install antlr_python_runtime-3.1.2-py2.5.egg
  wget http://antlr.org/download/antlr-3.1.2.jar
  export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:antlr-3.1.2.jar
  java org.antlr.Tool *.g

  You finally run this program with ./KeyboardLayoutEditor


ubuntu server sending massive udp traffic to an ip

UDP is used for a variety of services.   If you only have SMTP and POP3 open, you should have no UDP traffic.   I assume you also have DNS open on both TCP and UDP.   Massive amounts of traffic is a rather imprecise measurement.  Is it 1% of your traffic or bandwidth, or 90%.

If you allow incoming email, I would assume you are also running some sort of mail scanning software.  This should generate a fair number of DNS lookups.  For this reason, it is recommend that you run a caching DNS server on the host.  UDP is also used by some other resources used to identify spam.

The command sudo netstat -anp | grep udp | grep less will list connections using UDP and the associated program.  This may help identify the source of the traffic.  Repeating the command as sudo netstat -anp | grep udp | grep EST | less a few times could give you an idea if this is an ongoing connection.

You can use tcpdump to examine the traffic and determine what type of data is being passed.  This will give you an idea whether the traffic is legitmate.

Another tool you could use is ntop which will summarize traffic by protocol and host.  It can give you and idea what traffic is passing.

You can insert a blocking rule in the iptables.   This can block traffic by IP address, protocol, or protocol and port.  Be prepared to remove the rule quickly in case the traffic is legitimate.


Cant' dual install Xubuntu and Windows 7

gpt is not a format, but a type of partitioning. Windows only boots from gpt partitioned drives with UEFI. Ubuntu will boot either with UEFI or BIOS from gpt partitioned drives.

You may be able to convert, if partitioning is within certain MBR rules, so you then can boot with BIOS. Or if system is dual UEFI/BIOS you have to convert your Windows install to a flash drive and add the UEFI capability.

Converting to or from GPT
http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/mbr2gpt.html
You then need to use gdisk to convert from gpt to MBR
http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/mbr2gpt.html#gpt2mbr


Why hasn't my Launchpad karma changed in nearly a week?

Looking at your Launchpad actions history, all your actions this week happened less that 24 hours ago, perhaps Launchpad has not yet done its daily karma calculation:

  Then, once a day, Launchpad looks at all of the work you've done and gives each action a score. The score it gives depends on:

  what sort of work you did - e.g. work on blueprints may result in more karma than some other types of work
  when you did the work.

(Emphasis mine).


Completely delete SD card files partition/format

I suggest you a more drastic solution:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmclbk0 (or whatever blkid lists)
mkfs.vfat /dev/mmclbk0

If you'll keep the same errors maybe there are some hardware issues or system permission issues and I can't help you


Sorry for the problems. Ubuntu One should only delete files if it is told to do so through the webUI or a computer connected to your account. On Ubuntu 11.04 and higher, and on Windows, Ubuntu One moves files to the trash. So I would check the Trash on your computers first. Another option is to contact Ubuntu One support and tell them the name of the cloud folder that contained the file. They can attempt a recovery script to recover any files that may still be on the server.

If you have the time you might try and recreate the scenario with a test document. If you are able to reproduce this behavior please file a bug so the developers can look into this. You can file a bug against the ubuntuone-client package here. Please include your Ubuntu One logs. These logs may contain filenames. If this is an issue for you please mark the bug as private and only the Ubuntu One developers will see the bug. Here are the steps for including the logs.

Open your home folder
Click the View->Show Hidden Files menu option
Open the .cache/ubuntuone folder
Right click on the log folder and select "Compress"
Click OK and you should have a file named "log.tar.gz" in the .cache/ubuntuone folder, move this file to your Desktop since it's in a hidden folder which can be hard to find in the next step
Attach the log.tar.gz to your bug report.


Ffmpeg can't find codec parameters while converting images to video

Typo

Your inputs are named frame1.jpg, frame2.jpg, etc, but you have a typo in your command.

Change frame-*.jpg to frame*.jpg.

Zero padding

Because there is no zero padding in the file names (frame1.jpg vs frame01.jpg) the frame order may be incorrect when using the glob pattern. You can see the same effect using ls to view the files in the directory. To avoid this use the default sequence pattern instead:

ffmpeg -framerate 24 -i frame%01d.jpg output.avi

-f image2 is not needed.

Unrelated, but building with --disable-x86asm is not recommended as it may cause slowness.


Sane alt-tab behaviour in Ubuntu 14.04.1 (unity)

This worked for me:

http://www.randomhacks.co.uk/how-change-ubuntu-unity-window-switcher-back-to-old-style/

Summary

Install the compizconfig-settings-manager using apt-get:

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugins-extra
Launch the manager by typing compizconfig settings manager into the unity search and clicking the icon
Find the Ubuntu Unity Plugin, go to tab "Switcher" and disable all short cuts and check boxes
Back on the manager main window, find and enable the "Application Switcher"
Configure the "Application Switcher" as you like it

Result: A different window switcher is now used which does not group windows of the same application. A productive work-flow is possible yet again! :)


How do I do a full hard drive wipe and start back with just OS, and nothing else

First, use a command line program called shred to wipe everything from your hard drive. shred will overwrite your personal data with random numbers so that the original data is not recoverable.

To do this, create a Live USB Ubuntu drive that you can use to boot the computer from. If you can make the live USB persistent then installed files like shred will remain there for later use.

Using "Try Ubuntu" option in the live USB, install shred by typing in a Terminal

sudo apt-get install shred

Use man shred to learn about the program.

Finally use shred to wipe the computer's disk(s).

Second, Install Ubuntu. If you use the OEM install option, you can set it up with updates and install other software (like Chrome or Skype) without creating an user-ID for your friend. When your friend boots the computer for the dirst time s/he will be prompted for name language timezone etc. the final setup. See How do I pre-install Ubuntu for someone (OEM install)?.

Hope this helps.


Install Windows 7 from Ubuntu on USB Drive

Get your USB flash drive of 4GB or more, and an ISO-image of the Windows 7-DVD.

First you'll wanna format the drive. This can be done with gParted. To format NTFS you'll also need ntfs-3g.

sudo apt-get install gparted ntfs-3g

Now open gParted and format the drive to NTFS.
Download Unetbootin version 494.
Open Unetbootin, select DiskImage and browse for your Windows 7 ISO-image.
Check "Show all drives" and select your USB drive. If you're not sure which drive it is, open gParted again and check.
Click OK

Plug the USB drive into any machine and boot from it. It will start the Windows 7-installer.

Source: this tutorial.


Screenshot tool with integrated optipng or pngcrush

If your favorite tool is "shutter" you can try to create a little plugin for it.

Creating Plugin for Shutter.

1) Make sure you have installed optipng, or install it with:

sudo apt-get install optipng

2) If shutter is running close it or kill it..

pkill shutter

3) Create a folder for the plugin and give it the correct perms. (eg:optipngplugin)

sudo mkdir /usr/share/shutter/resources/system/plugins/shell/optipngplugin
sudo chmod 755 /usr/share/shutter/resources/system/plugins/shell/optipngplugin

4) Create the script (eg:optipngplugin)

gksudo gedit /usr/share/shutter/resources/system/plugins/shell/optipngplugin/optipngplugin

5) Put this content in the script:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
TEXTDOMAIN=shutter-plugins
TEXTDOMAINDIR=$SHUTTER_INTL
PLUGIN_NAME=$"OptiPNG Plugin"
PLUGIN_SORT=$"Recompress"
PLUGIN_TIP=$"OptiPNG is a PNG optimizer that recompresses image files to a smaller size"
PLUGIN_EXT="image/png"
if [[ "${1}" = "name" ]];then
    echo "${PLUGIN_NAME}"
    exit 0
elif [[ "${1}" = "sort" ]];then
    echo "${PLUGIN_SORT}"
    exit 0
elif [[ "${1}" = "tip" ]];then
    echo "${PLUGIN_TIP}"
    exit 0
elif [[ "${1}" = "ext" ]];then
    echo "${PLUGIN_EXT}"
    exit 0
fi
FILE="${1}"
#LOGO="/usr/share/shutter/resources/system/plugins/shell/optipngplugin/optipngplugin.png"
optipng -o7 "${FILE}"
exit 0

In my case I choose the optimization level of OptiPNG to Maximun (-o7) (very slow), and I added an image as a logo.

Man Pages

NOTE: Feel free to change the script according to your needs

6) Save the changes and give it perms.

  sudo chmod 755 /usr/share/shutter/resources/system/plugins/shell/optipngplugin/optipngplugin

7) In my case I edited a png logo with gimp, and I saved as "optipngplugin.png" in my desktop.

8) copy the logo to the plugin directory (give it the same name as the plugin plus .png) and the correct permissions:

  sudo cp /home/user/Desktop/optipngplugin.png
  /usr/share/shutter/resources/system/plugins/shell/optipngplugin/optipngplugin.png

  sudo chmod 644
  /usr/share/shutter/resources/system/plugins/shell/optipngplugin/optipngplugin.png

9) Test the plugin. Open shutter and take a screenshot of your desktop.

Right click in the screenshot and click in "Run a Plugin...", then choose "OptiPNG Plugin" from the list.

10) Run the plugin to recompress the screenshot you took.

NOTE: If you have to add something to the script or some change. you can run shutter with this command to force it to reload all plugins

shutter --clear_cache

Hope its help.


You need to understand the difference between software (including the whole OS) and hardware. The unfortunate event that you suffered is entirely in the software (Windows). It is not your "computer" that was attacked, just the installed OS (Windows).

Virus are software that can dramatically affect the OS they were designed to attack. Running Ubuntu in a live session means running an entirely different OS that has nothing to do with and cannot be affected by any other OS already installed.

However, if you didn't install Ubuntu (or reinstalled Windows) you solved nothing.


Old version of Thunderbird; when will it be updated?

According to Bug #1575731 at Thunderbird's Launchpad account, people have requested for updates to Thunderbird that is available in the official repositories but there is no official response yet. In the meantime, you can add the PPA for the beta channel of Thunderbird.


How to Get Rid of the Shadow Above the Launcher Icon

I have just migrated to Ubuntu and tweaked the Unity Desktop environment to my heart's content. I wanted a nice flat material design theme for my desktop. Everything went well but the launcher_bfb button didn't change. It still had a shadow and a glow. After googling I found out that the icon is placed in the following directory: /usr/share/unity/icons.

The launcher_bfb icon is made up 13 different png and svg images (atleast in Ubuntu 16.04), namely,

launcher_bfb.png
launcher_icon_back_54.svg
launcher_icon_back_150.svg
launcher_icon_edge_54.svg
launcher_icon_edge_150.svg
launcher_icon_glow_62.svg
launcher_icon_glow_62.png
launcher_icon_glow_200.svg
launcher_icon_selected_back_54.svg
launcher_icon_selected_back_150.svg
launcher_icon_shadow_62.svg
launcher_icon_shadow_200.svg
launcher_icon_shine_54.svg

I just replaced these files (except the first one) with blank png/svg files of same dimensions and it worked for me.


Cisco Packet Tracer install file backs up my home directory?

The script shouldn't be run from your home folder.  It should be run from a folder containing only the packettracer assets.

See

SDIR=`dirname $_`
...
cp -r $SDIR $IDIR

And, I'm totally not installing a binary deb from mediafire.  Can't help you with that part.


If this is a laptop, then check in your mixer (here, xfce4-mixer) that the capture volume isn't set to maximum (or too high). Also check that the mic boost channels are set at reasonable levels. Sometimes I get hissing on my laptop because of too high volume for the microphone channels.


Permanently have a CLI/Terminal in one Workspace?

There are few things..

1-- It will be a lot easier and faster if you use quake as suggested above.

2-- Even if you want to fix your terminal at some other workspace permanently, you can do it through CCSM(Compiz) => window management=> Place window=> Fixed window parchment=> Fixed Window Viewport

You can choose the workspace by changing 'X Viewport position and Y Viewport Position'

Next you would like to add terminal in the start-up applications. So that you don't have to start it by yourself
This can be done easily through

In Dash --search Startup applications => Add

This i think, suffices your requirements.

Sources:Open application in specific workspace
How to launch terminal on login


Boot to Ubuntu installed on USB from Window?

Open Rufus and select your USB stick in the 'Device' dropdown

Click the CD Rom icon next to the 'FreeDOS' dropdown, then find your
downloaded Ubuntu ISO and click 'Open' and then 'Start'

Click 'Yes' when it asks to download Syslinux software

Click 'OK' to write in ISO Image mode

Confirm that your USB stick is selected and then 'OK' to continue

When it is finished, just restart your computer and start using
Ubuntu, or you can install Ubuntu


node - Not compatible with your operating system or architecture: fsevents@1.1..2

One (workaround) is to delete the node_modules/ directory and then repeat

npm install
npm start


Why does "hostname -d" gives different output than domainname?

You got different answer bacouse hostaname give you "name before domain". Command hostname -d give you domain aka DNS domain name.

Your full hostname you will got with command hostname -f

On some way can say hostname + hostname -d = hostname -f


Enable KDE Plasma 5 after installing in Ubuntu 14.04

Before you log in into KDE, click on the blue down-arrow, and select the Project Neon 5 option. You'll then boot into KDE Plasma 5.


ubuntu-desktop in lxc with ubuntu server as the host

It should be doable to launch an X11 server in a LXD container when there is no X11 server running on the host.

See this post for details on running X11 apps in a container and directing the output to an existing X11 server on the host. In this post there is a prerequisite section which you have to attend to here as well.

For this distinct case of running the full X11 server inside a LXD container, you would need to pass any necessary devices from the host into the container, making sure that the ownership and permission mode is suitable for each. You may need to upgrade to LXD 3.2 (snap package) if there is an issue with specifying the ownership or mode of a device.

To go back to your original question, it would help to list the devices that you are trying to push into the container, and their ownership/mode.


GParted should be able to resize NTFS partitions, but to avoid trouble, I recommend letting Windows handle those. Shrink the Windows partition inside Windows itself. Here's how you can do it: https://www.diskpart.com/articles/shrink-c-drive-3889.html


Cannot connect to Raspberry Pi 3 through Ethernet cable

By default, on newer Rasp OS's, SSH is disabled by default (security measure)

1. Burn the image

dd bs=4M if=2017-01-11-raspbian-jessie.img of=/dev/mmc

Where, /dev/mmc is the name of your SD card. You can get that info from:

sudo fdisk -l

2. Enable SSH

To enable SSH, and set it up heedlessly, create an empty file named ssh in your boot partition of SD card.

3. Check DHCP

Make sure that DHCP is enabled on the router, and connect via Ethernet.

4. Find the IP of raspi

Either connect to the router and check, or run fping or nmap and scan your network.

Should work with no problems.


Cannot see form designer in MonoDevelop/Quantal Quetzal

I removed the entire MonoDevelop installation from Synaptic and installed from Software Center, which installed the same version of MonoDevelop: 3.0.3.2. Works fine now.

Synaptic is very powerful and shows more than Software Center, but requires detailed knowledge of all required packages to use properly.

I also tried installing with apt-get on top of the Synaptic installation, but it found nothing missing and nothing to do.


How can I try the root on ZFS feature in the eoan desktop installer?

Installer support has been merged:  http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs/pool/main/u/ubiquity/ubiquity_19.10.14/changelog

So the ZFS install option should show up in the eoan daily desktop images starting on 10/6/2019.

According to the documentation, the option to install on ZFS should show up when the "Expert Mode" flag is enabled (F6 on the installer screen, before the installer starts, and then check "Expert Mode".


3d Window effect is Disabled in CompizConfig Setting Manager?

SOLUTION: open CCSM->Go to preferences ->plugin list-> enable automatic plugin.
Now you can enable any check box u want to.


How to enable popups after every one hour for exercise/break?

You can run a cron every hour.

crontab -e

Add this line (if you have xcowsay installed):

0 * * * * env DISPLAY=:0 /usr/games/xcowsay -t 0 "Coffee Break!"

To install xcowsay:

sudo apt install xcowsay

Screenshot:


Reporting: I can't open settings in ubuntu 20.04 LTS

Your Gnome-Control-Center might need reinstalling.  Open your terminal and enter these commands:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall gnome-control-center

And then the commands for opening the display and system settings, respectively, would be:
gnome-control-center display
gnome-control-center

These commands will change the desktop background:  First, get the URI of the background image:
gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri 'file:///home/yourusername/Pictures/yourpic.jpg'

Then set the background URI like so:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri 'file:///home/yourname/Pictures/yourpic.jpg'

And it will update your desktop background.
Best of luck!


How to update Ubuntu to i386 from terminal or a .ISO file?

You cannot "update" from 64bit to 32bit or vise versa, either from terminal or from ISO.

In fact, you cannot update from an ISO without making a Live DVD/USB and booting from the live media.

You have to do a fresh install. You can making a Live USB (1GB USB will do) and boot from the USB and then install.


right click on the menu bar then go to panel then panel preferences .. uncheck the lock panel checkbox ..on the very left of the panel there is a spot where you can click and move/drag the panel where you want then recheck the lock panel checkbox .. that should solve your problem


Lost disk space after switching to Ubuntu from Windows

It sounds like you missed the step to format the drive when installing.  However Takkat is correct that with the dump provided it shows only a 320gb disk with 3 partitions on it.  When you boot up do you have the option to choose ubuntu or windows 7?


Drapes crashed after adding too many wallpapers

The configuration file you are looking for is ~/.gnome2/drapes.xml.
If you remove it and then start up Drapes again, Drapes will use the default configuration.


ufw and iptables show port open, everything else suggests it's closed

As it turns out, Source servers use local addresses by default when you do not specify your IP when launching the server. However, this behaviour causes the remote console to break for a reason that is beyond me.

If you launch your Source server, make sure to launch it like so:

./srcds_run +ip <your IP here> +port 27015

By specifying your IP address, it'll actually work. By not specifying the IP address, I assume it'll try to bind 27015/tcp to localhost, which is not reachable from the outside. So, nothing is listening on port 27015/tcp on the outside, which is why the port appears closed.


How to enable the trim on Transcend 320 Ultra-fast 256GB SSD?

Well, it should had worled.  please see this answer that explains more about ssd on ubuntu.  Link: How to enable TRIM?


Question

Your desktop enviroment ?

(http://askubuntu.com/questions/65083/what-different-des-shells-are-available)

It seems

It seems that, if your cursor theme supports multiple sizes then you could change the mouse cursor size /1/,/2/,/3/. Either with the .Xresources /4/ file or with your DE configuration file. The KDE is using kcminputrc /3/, the gui is on the way.

The easiest way to enlarge the mouse size is to install and enable a mouse theme with larger pointers.

Background

The X11 mouse themes are composed from the pixel images /5/. So they have a native resolution, scaling could make them pixelated.

Links

http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=65730
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/X11_Cursors
https://git.reviewboard.kde.org/r/101701/
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/X_resources
http://www.ehow.com/how_5026012_make-cursors-file-ubuntu.html


In general, no. Only the permission of the (from your point of view) parent directories determine, whether its content can be listed by a particular user. This includes directory entries, that this user cannot open/read. The mechanism for SSH/SFTP access is the same as with local tools, since the SSH/SFTP server spawns a subprocess for each session and changes the ownership of the subprocess to the respective user, as soon as they're authenticated successfully.

Consider the following example:

david@localhost:~$ ls -la /home
dr-xr-xr-x  1  root   root    80 Nov 10 09:05 .
drwxr-xr-x 23  root   root  4,0K Dec 17 11:09 ..
drwxr-xr-x  1 guest  guest   836 Sep  4 20:58 guest
drwxr-x---  1 david  users  4,2K Dec 14 22:07 david
drwx------  1  root   root   614 Nov 10 12:42 root

As you can see, I, david, can list the content of /home even though I am not its owner, since everybody can read it (see the permission mask in front of the . entry). I can list the content of /home/guest for the same reason. I can also list the content of /home/david, since I'm its owner and the owner has read permission. However, I cannot list the content of /home/root, since I'm not the owner and nobody but the owner has read permissions on that directory:

david@localhost:~$ ls /home/root
ls: cannot open directory /home/root: Permission denied

If one changed the ownership of /home to remove read permission for non-owners, I could not list the content of /home any longer:

david@localhost:~$ sudo chmod o-r /home
david@localhost:~$ ls -ld /home
drwxr-x--x 2 root root 40 Dez 17 21:17 /home
david@localhost:~$ ls -l /home
ls: cannot open directory /home: Permission denied

Though, I can still traverse /home and read /home/david, because the traverse permission (that's the semantic of the “execute” bit on directories) is still set on /home (and /):

david@localhost:~$ ls -l /home/david
total 732K
drwx------  1 david users 4,2K Dec 14 22:07 .
dr-xr-x--x  1 root  root    80 Nov 10 09:05 ..
drwx------  1 david users   60 Aug 24  2014 .adobe
-rw-------  1 david users   83 Dec  6 19:49 .bash_aliases
-rw-------  1 david users   66 May 12  2011 .bash_completion
-rw-------  1 david users  703 Nov 23 05:41 .bash_exports
[etc...]

See Jakuje's answer for a possible alternative approach to your underlying aim.


I had the same problem. I solved it by doing similar steps to the comment by @jrg. If you are wary of deleting too many things, you can try deleting some of the Gnome settings files at a time.

When light-dm seems to freeze on log-in, you can hit ctrl + alt + F1, log in, and run the commands from @jrg's comment (Reset Gnome)
Then run:

sudo killall light-dm
sudo light-dm
And log back in.


Boot Ubuntu 13 from USB flash drive without software

If I understand, yes.

Try this: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows

scott


Can MAAS be used for remote installation of desktop computers?

Yes, although MAAS is not specifically designed for that purpose it could easily be used to manage a deployment of desktop machines.
MAAS expects machines to use cloud-init in the boot process, which connects to a metadata source over the network on boot to configure the operating system.
Linux operating systems and windows servers can run cloud-init.

MAAS also expects to be able to power on and off each node, which is certainly possible with certain desktop hardware, but not all hardware.  If it has IPMI, then it should work.  Intel has AMT on some of it's hardware that can work, but it is not as reliable.

But provided that the power management is reliable and the network is always connected then it would work just like in the data centre with servers.

Then you have to consider what operating systems you would like to deploy.  Linux desktops would work once you had cloud-init installed into the image.

Windows servers would work using the work done by Cloudbase (http://wiki.cloudbase.it/maas).
I have no knowledge if this also works with standard Windows desktops or not.

There is a package for creating CentOS or RH based images available in Launchpad here: https://launchpad.net/maas-image-builder

As long as the image boots over the network and has cloud-init package installed, then it should work.

There is no cloud-init for Mac OSX as far as I know.


Can I upgrade from a 10.xx version of ubuntu up to 14.04 LTS without making a CD or a USB installation?

Since the repos for 10.xx are long gone.  You'll need to perform a net install, as documented here.  You may also be able to use a Net Install ISO, as these are small images, much like the method linked to earlier.  I've used these, but always from a clean install, so you may want to back up your files etc.


Set the launched application's icons to be top, not side bar

You can check if this works for you, if not, have in mind that Unity have been designed with certain guidelines. In particular, the indicators are not used for window/task management. You can set the Launcher to auto-hide and install a dock/panel and configure it to suit your needs. There are many dock/panel alternatives: docky, cairo-dock, xfce4-panel, gnome-panel, tint2, lxpanel, ....

You could also install KDE or Xfce, which can be easily configured to have a panel on the top as you wish. The packages are named kde-runtime and xfce4.


What do people use instead of the discontinued weather-indicator in 13.04?

I've stepped in as maintainer of the Weather Indicator project, and just pushed a new release that fixes the Forecast issue and most (if not all) of the crash bugs.

Try it out: https://launchpad.net/~weather-indicator-team/+archive/ppa


Maybe if you reduce Kernel power consumption it will help you a little. When I've installed 11.10 I had big problems with that (processor in idle constantly on 85 degrees) and this workaround and the “Workaround by editing GRUB” part helped me quite a lot (now it's around 60 degrees). I found this article thanks to another Ask Ubuntu issue where it's also suggested to install Jupiter applet which also helped me to reduce the temperature even more...

  Workaround using Sysfs (temporary, use for testing)

  Note: It seems that in the most recent kernel revisions ASPM is
  disabled on pre PCIe 1.1 devices and must be manually enabled using
  pcie_aspm=force kernel parameter (the second method in this
  article). So if it happens that when you try Sysfs method you receive
  Operation not permitted error, then you can skip to the "Workaround by
  editing GRUB" method.

  Sysfs is a virtual file system used (amongst other things) to
  configure Linux hardware options from userspace. You can control your
  hardware options in real time by writing into what appear as text
  files. First let's check the state of things:

cat /sys/module/pcie_aspm/parameters/policy

  The output of this command will probably be something like this:

[default] performance powersave

  This means that the default PCIe ASPM (Active State Power Management)
  profile is selected. This "default" is where the problem lies. To work
  around Linux kernel 2.6.38 power regression we must force PCIe ASPM to
  be enabled. For ASPM to be enabled we must make sure that it stays off
  the "default" and "performance" profiles. This is how you can do it
  using Sysfs on Ubuntu based Linux distributions:

echo powersave | sudo tee /sys/module/pcie_aspm/parameters/policy

  This setting remains until you change it again using sysfs or until
  you reboot, so is useful for testing whether PCIe ASPM is working on
  your configuration. This is necessary because there are reports of
  PCIe ASPM causing lockups when enabled on systems with buggy ASMP BIOS
  implementation. If this option isn't causing problems on your laptop
  or desktop system you can proceed to configure ASPM by editing GRUB or
  you can use sysfs to enable this option using an init script.

  Workaround by editing GRUB (permanent)

  After you've make sure that PCIe ASPM isn't causing problems on your
  configuration you can apply this workaround for good by editing GRUB
  configuration like this:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

  Now you find the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line that might look like
  this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

  You should edit this line to look like this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pcie_aspm=force"

  This way you are passing pcie_aspm=force kernel argument to force
  PCIe ASPM. This settings will be applied every time you boot your
  laptop or desktop. To make changes effective after editing the file,
  run:

sudo update-grub