I had the same problem for a month, but I managed to fix it:

boot with a liveCD.
open a terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T).
type sudo fdisk -l (lowercase L, not 1) and check where you have mounted your linux partition (mine is /dev/sda1; if yours is different, just replace it below).
enter the following series of commands:

sudo mkdir /mnt/my_linux
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/my_linux
sudo mount -t proc proc /mnt/my_linux/proc
sudo mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/my_linux/sys
sudo mount -o bind /dev /mnt/my_linux/dev
sudo chroot /mnt/my_linux/ /bin/bash

(this mount your hard drive to make system changes, and changes the root environment in where you are working to be the hard drive instead of the livecd.)
then type:

mount -o remount,rw /
dpkg --configure -a

(this should fix the problem.)
when the preceding command completes, type exit and sudo reboot

That's all. If this works, backup all your files and re-install if need be so that your system is in a good state.


Logged out immediately after login, loop

I have faced this issue a couple of times and this bug is famously known as 'Ubuntu Login Loop.'
You can get a lot of answers when you google it.
I solved it by doing the following.

Press ctrl+alt+F1 or Fn+Ctrl+Alt+F1 to enter tty1.
Login using your credentials.
rm or mv the file called .Xauthority

Done.
If it still doesn't work, drop to root shell (from recovery mode at startup) then install another display manager like lightdm, gdm, lxde etc.
Nice day!


Macbook Pro Retina (Early 2015) does not recognize ubuntu partition as bootable

If Linux isn't showing up in rEFInd, chances are the right filesystem driver isn't installed. If you used ext4fs for Ubuntu (and it looks like you did), re-installing rEFInd in OS X should take care of the problem and get you going. If you used something other than ext4fs for Ubuntu, you'll need to manually install the correct driver. See the rEFInd filesystem drivers page for more on this subject.

If you need more help, please run the Boot Info Script. This will generate a file called RESULTS.txt. Post that file to a pastebin site and post the URL to your document here. This will give us more details about your configuration.


How do I get Ubuntu to laod Radeon drivers after install?

I had trouble installing 14.04 on my laptop.  A kind soul gave me these instructions which worked a treat...

Start your PC end hit ESC to select from the boot menu and different
boot option
select USB EFI HDD (or similar)
When UBUNTU menu comes up don't boot live disc boot directly
installation mode
from here on follow the instructions until the installation is finished
Ubuntu seems to fail on booting the first time but it's only the
X-Server because it can't handle the grafic cards. It will show you that
you have to reconfigure your X-server but you don't need to!
Switch from error screen to terminal (ctrl+alt+F2) and wait until
terminal screen comes up.
When terminal is open login with your user credentials
Enter: sudo nano /etc/default/grub
Nano editor will open the Grub configuration. Enter there 'nomodeset'
in line  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" before 'quiet
splash'. (please se grub.txt attached)
enter 'ctrl+O' (see menu at the bottom of nano) to save and 'ctrl+X'
to exit
reconfigure Grub with command 'sudo update-grub'
reboot your PC and it should start in X mode
Download latest 64bit catalyst from amd site (latest stable is 14.4 )
change authorization in terminal for this file by entering 'sudo
chmod 777 amd-catalyst-14-4-linux-x86-x86-64.zip'
unzip file and run from terminal by entering 'sudo
./amd-driver-installer-14.10.1006-x86.x86_64.run' (you must be in the
same folder!!!!)
you can decide if you want to do a custom installation or default. I
recommend to use the default way!
when installation is finished  go to terminal again and remove the
'nomodeset' from grub by entering 'sudo nano /etc/default/grub' edit it
and close it again. Run 'sudo update-grub'.

Good luck!


Which firewall ports have to be open for a DLNA client running on Ubuntu?

I use different DLNA servers, ie bubbleupnp, minidlna & rygel however they all suffer the same issue.

So I wrote a program that takes care if it. You may find it useful, I've tested with Rhythmbox but not totem, if you fancy giving it a go let me know whether it worked for you.

It basically monitors your DLNA programs and opens the ports they require subject to a few appropriate limitations.

The script can be downloaded here

Update: I've loaded Rhythmbox and enabled the Grilo package and I can access other DLNA servers on the LAN without any problems. The DLNAAutoAddPorts.sh script takes care of opening the required ports.


How to configure Ubuntu 12.04 as a VPN server that allows connections from OS X and iOS?

Solved the problem by editing: /etc/ppp/pptpd-options

# Encryption (comment other options in this section!)
require-mschap-v2
require-mppe-128

ms-dns 8.8.8.8
ms-dns 8.8.4.4

service pptpd restart


Sorry, Ubuntu 16.04 has experienced an internal error Every boot

The reporting errors program (Apport) is known to complain about stupid things. One good solution, which is done by most Ubuntu users, is to disable that program.

However, before doing that, make sure that the Software application (which, according to the error report, has the problem) is working OK. Also, as Soren A commented, you should upgrade your system, in order to fix something that would be buggy.

If all of these things are OK, you can disable Apport by typing in a terminal:

 sudo systemctl disable apport.service

(If that isn't working try: sudo systemctl mask apport.service)

After typing that command in the terminal, reboot your system.

Doing that should do the trick.

In case that my solution didn't work, you can try reinstalling Ubuntu (if you have no trouble for doing that) and seeing if the problem is still ocurring.


Setting Screen session name in the middle of the session

Typing

Ctrla: (Ctrl a :)

leads to a prompt in the screen terminal where one can type

sessionname your_custom_session_name

This sets the custom name to the current screen session. Now typing screen -list shows the screen with the custom session name.


Yes, I do the same with my setup (though I use a 2nd ext4 disc).

This is one of the post install actions I take from a terminal:

Once ...

cd /discworld2/
mkdir Desktop/ Downloads/ Pictures/ Videos/ Public/ Music/ Templates/ Documents/

Every time I reinstall ...

cd
rm -rf Desktop/ Downloads/ Pictures/ Videos/ Public/ Music/ Templates/ Documents/
ln -s /discworld2/Desktop/   Desktop
ln -s /discworld2/Documents/ Documents
ln -s /discworld2/Downloads/ Downloads
ln -s /discworld2/Pictures/  Pictures
ln -s /discworld2/Templates/ Templates
ln -s /discworld2/Videos     Videos

The 2nd command will delete all content inside those directories.
Change /discworld2/ to the directory you need.


u bttr try pressing delete key constantly to enter into bios.and then check the boot priority ,change first boot priority to Hard Disk and second to CD- ROM .. thats it, if still problem persist then please try to reinstall ubuntu and this time make sure u have removed pendrive b4 restarting..


For the sake of posterity, restarting your computer should fix this, unless you use modprobe to block xpad. If so, you can just use modprobe to unblock it. xpad is a kernel-space driver, whereas xboxdrv is a userland driver; xboxdrv is run by the user (even if it's done automatically in the background), but  xpad is "baked-in" to the linux kernel, so you can't really have replace it unless you've compiled your own kernel.


Create a .desktop file with this in it:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Python Script Name
Comment=Open Python script (name)
Exec=python "/home/user/path with any spaces/to/script.py"
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/idle.xpm
Terminal=true
Type=Application
Categories=Application;

Save it in /home/user/.local/share/applications

Make it executable by right clicking, going to the permissions tab, and ticking "Allow executing as program"


Why do I keep booting Asus Expressgate instead of the Ubuntu CD?

If you do not use ASUS cloud, uninstall it, then retry the 12.04 installation. I have extensive ASUS experience and recommend that everyone remove that "program" when they first get their machine.
If you must keep it, press ESC key after reboot and choose the boot drive from the menu.
If you need more details http://www.ehow.com/how_6787509_boot-usb-eee-pc-netbook.html


How do I solve file ignored in /etc/apt/sources.list and release file not found errors while updating APT cache?

You can go and remove these deb files in /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory.
Open your terminal and run this command:
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.deb


There is nothing wrong or missing. wubi isn't supported anymore, so wubi.exe and autorun.inf are no longer necessary.


Error: tcl.h not found (no such file or directory)

This means you're missing the tcl development files.  The easiest way to check is to go to: http://packages.ubuntu.com/ and put "tcl.h" in the "search contents of packages" field.  If you do this you'll find that tcl.h can be found in a number of packages you'll want to install one of those:
sudo apt-get install tcl8.6-dev


Ubuntu 20.04 can't access my windows network

I found this solution on internet.. By Tejas Lotlikar:
Same issue here.

Since version 4, both Samba Server & Samba Clients do not allow an older level of protocols negotiation. You have to enable them in smb.conf file

Edit /etc/samba/smb.conf file (need root permissions)

in the [global] section, add the following line

client min protocol = NT1
Save the file and exit the editor.

You must restart the Samba Service for this change to take effect. In a terminal, enter this command:

sudo service smbd restart


How do I remove Windows 8 from a Ubuntu 12.10 WUBI install?

Do NOT attempt to Delete a Windows installation if you have install Ubuntu via WUBI. It will leave your computer un-bootable.

Your WUBI install is, for all effective purposes, inside your Windows 8 install, and as such you should not attempt to delete it. You should copy all the data (your photos, documents, videos, etc.) from the computer and on to an external device (such as a USB stick or CD). You can then install Ubuntu 12.10 from (another) DVD or USB by burning and booting them. There, you can install a new Ubuntu installation, erasing both your old Ubuntu installation and your Windows 8 installation.

You may wish to follow these instructions to install Ubuntu on a separate partition.


11.04 has reached End of Life about a month ago, which means no repositories and no updates. I'd suggest a clean install of 12.04 in place of 11.04, as upgrading 11.04->12.04 is unsupported, and likely won't work.

You can't keep the installed packages when reinstalling, but it's possible to save them into a list and reinstall afterwards, although some of the packages (like GDM or mono) won't be available or needed:

save to list

dpkg --get-selections > package_list

restore from list

cat package_list | sudo dpkg --set-selections && sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade

Info Source


I want to put a video as a desktop background how to do it?

You can refer this site for instructions about setting up a video as a wall paper:
http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/08/dreamscene-for-ubuntu-ta-very-much/


ssh tunnel and receiving Web pages through the tunnel

Here's what I use to load my webmin on my servers (which is firewalled away so only somebody with ssh access can see it):

ssh -l oli -L 9090:localhost:9090 my-server-ip

That connects me to the server and maps my local port 9090 to the server's P9090. I just browse at http://localhost:9090/ and I can see the webmin.

If you're trying to connect to another device through your server, you don't really want to faff around with manual tunnel options. ssh has a built-in SOCKS proxy mode. Run this:

ssh -D 9999 oli@my-server-ip

Then you tell your browser about the SOCKS proxy. Look under the network settings. localhost as the server, port 9999. Remember this has to be under the setting for SOCKS. This is not a HTTP proxy.

Now when you browse, all the traffic goes through the ssh tunnel. This means if there's a device on the other end that only your server can reach, you can connect to that using its IP.

Note that DNS lookups and other network traffic won't go through the tunnel (AFAIK) so you need to connect to an IP if it makes a difference (which I suspect it will in this case)


Screen issues (image shifted to the right) with AMD Radeon HD 6850

I had the very same problem with the very same HD6850. Here's what to do:

Boot from LiveCD.
Mount your hard drive by clicking it from Home folder for example.
In a terminal, run:

sudo gedit /media/hddUUIDcode/etc/default/grub

(where hddUUIDcode - unique code of hard drive where Ubuntu installed). Hereby you've opened the grub file of the installed Ubuntu.
In the grub file replace the line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

with

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash vga=normal noapic"

Save the changes.
Reinstall grub from a terminal:

sudo fdisk -l (Find the partition you want)
sudo mount /dev/sda5 /mnt (Mount the partition)
sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda

I’ve used the drive /dev/sda and partition /dev/sda5 in my example. Notice the exact spelling.
Reboot and voila...everything works just fine.


Error Ubuntu 18.04.02 LTS with add domain

The problem was the parameter in /etc/ssh/sshd_config:
Change :

UsePAM no

to:

UsePAM yes

And

  systemctl restart sshd.service


You will have to update /etc/fstab. Add a line for each swapfile like:

/var/tmp/swapfile1 swap swap defaults 0 0
/var/tmp/swapfile2 swap swap defaults 0 0

You probably removed the line for your old swap partition the same place, else it would be a good time to do it now.


Using find and rename:

find . -depth -type d -not -name '.' -exec rename -n 's/(.*)/$1_foo/' {} +

This will add suffix _foo to all directories recursively, -n will show the names of the directories that will be changed.

If you are satisfied with the names you can remove the -n option to let the action take place:

find . -depth -type d -not -name '.' -exec rename 's/(.*)/$1_foo/' {} +


yes you can.

open your terminal and type as  who -a . that will list all information .

else you can use nmap also . great network tool.

you can get it by sudo apt-get install nmap

if you assume you IP starts from

192.168.1.1 then you can list all Computers connected with the LAN  with this command

nmap 192.168.1.1-255

The above command will scan from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.255 IP's and list you which is up and which is down .


Applying new Xrandr mode do not work properly

I believe you’re missing _60.00 from the mode line:
$ xrandr --newmode "1600x900_60.00"  118.25  1600 1696 1856 2112  900 903 908 934 -hsync +vsync

Then:
$ sudo xrandr --addmode eDP "1600x900_60.00"

Be sure to add these two lines to the end of your ~/.profile if you want the settings to persist across reboots.


Amazon Prime Video incompatability with 17.04

The Widevine Content Decryption Module is not intuitive to install in Firefox because it does not work like other plugins.

However, it is very easy to enable.

Simply choose Preferences from the menu, then Content, then tick the box labeled Play DRM Content.  The Widevine plugin will now be listed in your add-ons!


sudo chmod a-w /home/name/ makes /home/name not writrable by everyone, including the owner. Unfortunately this is a prerequisite for the chroot_local_user option. You can create a folder inside /home/name and set the rights accordingly to allow uploads.


Unstable WiFi connection on Ubuntu 20.04

Thanks for the logs.
Your WIFI controller is AC 3168NGW , but this fix will not be limited to that particular NIC, but may also work for WIFI controllers using the iwlwifi as the kernel driver.

1. Checking your WIFI kernel driver, as well as log lines describing the issue
Start by running ([02:00.0] corresponds to the pci device address of WIFI per your logs):
sudo lspci -k -s 02:00.0

And the output should show the kernel driver like so:
02:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Dual Band Wireless-AC 3168NGW [Stone Peak] (rev 10)
Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi

The recent kernel upgrade changed a few things, among them was the Beacon Interval. You can confirm the beacon issue by running
sudo dmesg | grep iwl

And you should see lines resembling:
kernel: iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: No beacon heard and the time event is over already...

2. How to fix it
In order to fix it (**this is a widespread bug, that affected multiple kernel drivers across various distros, appears to be related to lines of code in mac80211.c) please do the following:
sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf

and in the nano editor add the foilowing two lines:
options iwlmvm power_scheme=1
options iwlwifi power_save=0

Save the file (in nano you can do so with CTRL+x)
and reboot with sudo init 6
When the system reboots you can confirm that the module options are in effect by running
sudo modinfo iwlmvm | grep power
sudo modinfo iwlwifi | grep power

and checking their output for the corresponding values you just set

I am going to try to contribute to patching this issue directly, in the next few days. There appears to have been a number of critical changes (bugs?) in the last few recent kernel releases, affecting a wide array of kernel WIFI drivers.


Assuming your using gnome desktop. The applet crashed and cant recover. I had a similar problem with Zorin 6 (based on Ubuntu 12.04). To fix this I right

clicked on the menu bar and select dock preference
Then select applets
Find your menu applet here (for me it was title "yet another menu applet") and should be near the bottom
Now you can place a working menu app where the old menu app was (drag and drop)
and you can remove the dead menu app from the bar.

If this doesn't work just comment on the answer and I can try to get a more specific answer.


Has anybody installed Brother hl-5450DN on Ubuntu 14.1?

We have a Brother 2250DN. Which works well enough through the Brother Linux Driver. Some people just use the generic drivers. These work but I couldn't get toner reporting to work.

One thing to note is the page alignment was off. This seems to be echoed across a number of models and while I've no idea what causes it, the issue is easy enough to fix:

sudo lpadmin -p HL2250DN -o pdftops-renderer-default=pdftops

You just change the name of the printer there. That seems to have stuck through multiple reboots.

There is one lasting issue. I can't get the duplex setting to take from the client side. I have to log into the printer's webmin and set it there before printing. This might not affect you and even if it does, it's hardly a showstopper.

Also the "compatible" toners on Ebay (et al) are just as good and for half the price. You can even refill them yourself for even less. This is by far the cheapest printer to run I've ever owned.


Did you try setting the BIOS to "UEFI and CMS OS" instead of "UEFI OS" ?

When booting, press the F2 key and go to the "Boot" menu, and change this option.

It seemed to do the trick for me when I came across the same issue on the same laptop.


How to manage security cameras in Ubuntu?

Check out Zoneminder. It's a full featured security camera suite. Sorry this answer is  so short, but I'm on my phone.


Desktop is distorted, launcher in the middle, double image, bad resolution

Have you tried updating device drivers?

Go into the dash menu and open Additional Drivers and select the latest proprietary driver on the list. It should say something like NVIDIA Binary Driver. Afterwards, press Apply Changes and then reboot.

It should look something like this:

If you have an Optimus laptop, you might need to install Bumblebee.

If you can't use the settings menu because of your display issues, you can install proprietary drivers if you manage to get into a shell by typing:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352

This will install Nvidia's 352.63 driver which is the latest stable one at the time of posting as far as I know (future readers may need to adjust the command. See How do I install the Nvidia drivers?). More information can be found here on the Ubuntu Help Wiki.


Disable autorun external devices with VLC in kde

I think I found the solution:

vlc was registered as default file manager in my system in ~/.config/mimeapps.list

see: https://superuser.com/questions/465495/how-to-find-the-default-file-manager

replace the line with (for example) dolphin:

sed 's|inode/directory=vlc.desktop;|inode/directory=dolphin.desktop;|g' ~/.config/mimeapps.list

Then log out and in again.

This worked for me, I am curious, how this could happen. I installed Ubuntu 17.10 updated to 18.04 and later installed kubuntu-desktop.
In that process this bug must have happened. I couldn't find anyone else with this bug.


Finally succeeded in changing the default audio device to the ACL282 through Mutimedia audio selector, then i had to press Fn+Shift+F7 to unmute the computer...


Upgrading Apache to 2.2.23 on ubuntu 12.04 LTS

According to the package search for apache2 there is no package greater than 2.2.22 in the Ubuntu repos.

However if you look at the specific vulnerability it is 'just' a local exploitable vulnerability which leads unauthorized disclosure of information. So it might be acceptable to wait for a fix. More information about the vulnerability can be found at the entry CVE-2012-0883.


Problem with dialog windows and different workspaces

Ok it was just a comment but I post it as an answer may be it will help to someone else if he/she is looking for same issue.

According to my comment OP checked firefox and chromium. He reply that there is no such a problem in other browsers except google-chrome with version 36.0.1985.125. So it is not a bug related to Ubuntu and the bug is on google-chrome with above version.

This is still a problem in Google Chrome Version 38.0.2125.122 (64-bit)


How do I run a gui app from the command line?

Inside the script, before the application is launched, add this line:

export DISPLAY=:0.0

This tells the program that it has to run in the DISPLAY with ID :0.0 instead of the terminal where is being called,which (as far as I know) reffers to the TTY7.

In other words, sends it to the graphic environment. You can also use it locally, launching a program in the desktop from a virtual tty. I use it for instance when compiz crashes and there are no menus or icons to restart it:

export DISPLAY=:0.0 && compiz --replace


youtube-dl doesn't work after replacing the executable

There is no need to download youtube-dl and use in this way. youtube-dl is in the Ubuntu repositories since 12.04 (Precise).

The current version for Trusty is 2014.02.17.

Therefore remove youtube-dl in /usr/local/bin via

sudo rm /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

and install via

sudo apt-get install youtube-dl

To install a newer version, in this moment 2015.08.23 use a PPA

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install youtube-dl

If the youtube-dl is already installed and you only need an update, use

sudo apt-get upgrade


You can not have more than 4 primary partitions if you use MBR partition scheme(3 primary + 1 extended (which can have several 'child' partitions)). Since you say you already have 4 partitions, one of it must be extended (and other 3 will be primary) Suppose if you have C, D, E and F drives, and for eg: F: is your extended partition you can install Ubuntu on this partition (back up your data before doing this!). Boot from a Ubuntu live USB and select this drive to install Ubuntu. If you want to install Ubuntu with different partitions i.e with separate /boot, home / etc. you will need to partition the existing 'extended' partitions in Windows.

If you can provide a picture on how your partitions look in windows it would be helpful for everyone to give more detailed/specific suggestions.


From the comments...

we successfully updated the BIOS to 1.06
we ran memtest on newly installed memory
we booted successfully to an older 5.3.0-28-generic kernel in 18.04


remove kernel not created using .deb file

First of all, why you have an Unsupported version of Ubuntu ? In case you don't know Ubuntu 11.04 has reached EOL(End Of Life) long time ago. See the table here.

About the original question now:

You can try

sudo make uninstall

that might solve your problem. Of course you have to remember the make install commands your already ran.

If above is not helpful, you can try

make -n install

this will show you the steps that software would take to install itself. This can be helpful and you can try to reverse those steps.

Lastly you can manually remove the related paths:

Delete

/boot/vmlinuz*KERNEL-VERSION*
/boot/initrd*KERNEL-VERSION*
/boot/System-map*KERNEL-VERSION*
/boot/config-*KERNEL-VERSION*
/lib/modules/*KERNEL-VERSION*/

and then

sudo update-grub


Is there any way to make snap installed apps look more native?

You can monitor this link: Use the system gtk theme and the latest, as of now, is this which has a lot of specific links.

  With these latter pieces landing, themes will be unblocked. The very first version of the feature will leverage a single snap containing a number of common themes which can be used as the default-provider in content interfaces in client applications. This is easy to do and will get us good looking applications in the short term.

  Later we’ll then introduce improvements that will allow finding and installing snaps providing arbitrary themes that match the local environment needs. We have initial ideas here but the details still need to be designed.

So, work is in progress and the intention to make snaps appear "more integrated" is there.


What's the best tool for creating Ubuntu-based distro or for creating ISO Image from customized Ubuntu?

Use Cubic to customize your OS and generate an ISO image.
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:cubic-wizard/release
sudo apt install cubic

Cubic has a GUI "wizard" (to click through the steps). Since you mentioned you know how to customize your OS, you will just need to apply your customizations using the command line on Cubic's Terminal page.
Cubic handles all the hard stuff about packaging the files and creating an *.iso image, so it makes creating a custom ISO very easy. If you forget something, or need to make a change, its very easy to go open an existing project and make "tweaks" without having to re-do everything.
Also, take a look at How to use Cubic to create a custom Ubuntu live CD image?  for more details.


What does command "suspend" do on Ubuntu 14?

suspend is a shell builtin command:
HOw to know that?
Run the command type before any command to tell you what is this command:
$ type suspend

suspend is a shell builtin

To get help about shell builtin commands use help
help suspend
suspend: suspend [-f]
    Suspend shell execution.

    Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal.
    Unless forced, login shells cannot be suspended.

    Options:
      -f    force the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell

    Exit Status:
    Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs.

To list all builtin commands, just run help command with no options.
help

output is:
job_spec [&]                            history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or hist>
 (( expression ))                        if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif C>
 . filename [arguments]                  jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs >
 :                                       kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigs>
 [ arg... ]                              let arg [arg ...]
 [[ expression ]]                        local [option] name[=value] ...
 alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]          logout [n]
 bg [job_spec ...]                       mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s c>
 bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f filen>  popd [-n] [+N | -N]
 break [n]                               printf [-v var] format [arguments]
 builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]]       pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]
 caller [expr]                           pwd [-LP]
 case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...)>  read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [->
 cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [dir]                 readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s>
 command [-pVv] command [arg ...]        readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] o>
 compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option]  >  return [n]
 complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] >  select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMM>
 compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ..>  set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option->
 continue [n]                            shift [n]
 coproc [NAME] command [redirections]    shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]
 declare [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] [name[=va>  source filename [arguments]
 dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]                  suspend [-f]
 disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ...]         test [expr]
 echo [-neE] [arg ...]                   time [-p] pipeline
 enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [na>  times
 eval [arg ...]                          trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]
 exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [argume>  true
 exit [n]                                type [-afptP] name [name ...]
 export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or ex>  typeset [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] name[=va>
 false                                   ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [limit>
 fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] o>  umask [-p] [-S] [mode]
 fg [job_spec]                           unalias [-a] name [name ...]
 for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMAND>  unset [-f] [-v] [name ...]
 for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMAN>  until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
 function name { COMMANDS ; } or name >  variables - Names and meanings of so>
 getopts optstring name [arg]            wait [id]
 hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name >  while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
 help [-dms] [pattern ...]               { COMMANDS ; }


Morse code representation not working in Ubuntu

For a tty:

Load the driver for the pc speaker:

sudo modprobe pcspkr

Check in alsamixer that the Pc speaker/beep is not muted and the volume is turned up.
Switch to tty1: CTRL+ALT+F1 and test the beep:

echo -e '\a'

If it works, you can run your program from the tty.

For X:

In X the beep is handled by X and pulseaudio should produce a sound for it, but some terminals doesn't produce the sound, so try it in xterm to make sure if it is not working.


Fingerprint GUI breaks lock screen after suspend

@Pavel, I just came across the same issue with my ThinkPad X220 here, running Ubuntu 14.10. A temporary workaround for me is to switch to the (non-graphical) console, log in there with my password, kill the fingerprint-helper process and then switch back to the X-server console.

Steps are:

Switch to the text console: Ctrl + Alt + F1
Login with your regular username + password
Shutdown the blocking process: killall fingerprint-helper
Switch back to the X-server console: Alt + F7

If this is not sufficient, you might want to try killing fingerprint-polkit-agent as well, although it hasn't been necessary when I tried today.

Don't forget to log off from the text console again (press Ctrl + D), otherwise everyone else who has physical access to the machine will be able to use it!


Secure Boot Error: Invalid signature detected. Check secure boot policy in setup

When secure boot is enabled, the bootloader to use is shimx64.efi, not gurbx64.efi.  the BootOrder you posted has "0008" first in the order, which is the grub entry.  Put "0000" first in the BootOrder, and secure boot should work.


The trash for each disk partition and USB device is in that device's local Trash (.trash-1000) folder.

Each partition, device, etc, has it's own Trash folder. The system does not waste resources copying files to a central Trash location. That would be annoying every time you wanted to delete, say, a movie ("Why does it take 10 minutes to put my movie in the Trash?").
Your Desktop Trash shows ALL the currently available Trash folders together. You don't need to switch between them.
Emptying The Trash will delete the contents of only the currently-available Trash folders (currently-mounted partitions and devices). Unplugged USB sticks, for example, won't have their Trash contents deleted.

Bottom line: Re-insert your USB stick, and your files should re-appear in the Trash.
Usage note: Some folks complain that their USB storage keeps decreasing. They deleted all those movies, but only a few GB are available! You guessed it: They didn't Empty Their Trash while the device was plugged in.


How do I create a script file for terminal commands?

There are two methods.

First, the most common is to write a file, make sure the first line is

#!/bin/bash

Then save the file. Next mark it executable using chmod +x file

Then when you click (or run the file from the terminal) the commands will be executed. By convention these files usually have no extension, however you can make them end in .sh or any other way.

A few notes:

Any (and I mean any) file can be executed in Linux provided the first line is a path to the program that should interpret the file. Common examples include /bin/python,  /bin/sh, /bin/dash, but even odd ball things work like /bin/mysql
Bash is a full language. It is vastly more complex than cmd.exe in windows. It has a strong programming language that supports functions, loops, conditionals, string operations, etc.
These documents may help if you run into problems.
If you do not wish to make the file executable then you can run it by passing it as an argument to bash: bash file/to/run.sh

A Simple Bash Example

#!/bin/bash
echo "This is a shell script"
ls -lah
echo "I am done running ls"
SOMEVAR='text stuff'
echo "$SOMEVAR"

The second method is to record commands using script. Run script then just do stuff. When you are done doing stuff type exit and script will generate a file for you with all the "stuff" you did. This is less used but works quite well for making things like macros. man script for more info.


Installed Libreoffice 5 on lubuntu - no menu entries

Something went wrong with your installation, as no .desktop file is provided.

A workaround is to make your own .desktop file. You can try this:

sudo vim /usr/share/applications/libreoffice5.dektop

enter:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Libreoffice5
Exec=/usr/local/bin/libreoffice5.0
Categories=Gtk;Utility;Office;

see also:
ubuntu's page


Give a right click at your network applet in your unity top panel and there select Enable network option to enable network . If its already then check weather you have a created a connection or not for your modem .

If you have not created any connection then , select network applet and select edit connection . Choose Mobile broadband and select create new . Then Country , service provider and apn all are familiar steps with you i hope .


StartX is a script provided in the X11 apps for a user to convenient start an X11 GUI.  StartX is one of many tools that are available for a user to use.  It starts the X11 with a number of preset configurations and starts some default applications.  If you run the bars "X" command by itself, you'd just have a bare X window with no desktop and nothing running.  You'd have to manually start anything you want running.

In Ubuntu the Lightdm does what Startx does.  It provides an X11 login screen and logs that use into that screen starting up a number of default applications at that includes Unity and other friendly and familiar environment features such as the Navigation Side bar and Desktop.

If you disabled Lightdm, you'd the computer boot to the console.  If you didn't have a graphical environment you could then run the StartX to start one, or run a command to start the Lightdm service to give you a login prompt, which will give you a substantially more friendly environment that the bare StartX.

The command to start the Lightdm service is:

$ sudo systemctl start lightdm

More specific to your question of where is the call to StartX.  There isn't one.  Both StartX and Lightdm starts the X11 server.  They are two different methods of starting the server and are independent of each other.

If you installed the Ubuntu Server distribution, X11 would not be installed by default.  It would boot to a login console prompt.  That is where the concern for starting an X environment would be important.  In that case you would could install the X environment by installing ubuntu-desktop.  Then you could choose between the to methods described above for starting and X environment.


Ext4 to Ext4 file copy slows down whole system

The answer is obvious. You HDD has limited read/write speed.

When it is busy with copying files, it takes more time to read files from disk. That is why applications start slower and you have slowdowns  and drops when watching video.

It is normal.

If it is really important to watch a video while copying, you can set a higher priority to your media player, e.g. in System Monitor.


Ubuntu 18.04 not booting up: iwlwifi .. :BIOS contains WGDS but no WRDS

See Ubuntu not booting due to iwlwifi error-BIOS contains WGDS but no WRDS
In a nutshell:

Boot into recovery mode

Choose Enable network, and wait for the process to complete.

Choose Drop to root shell prompt.

Reinstall the desktop manager packages with apt install ubuntu-desktop

Then reboot.

The boot process should progress as usual, and you should be able to log in.


The dust could be an issue but as you are saying it works fine in windows so I guess the following.

Y560 with nvidia is optimus enabled. There is no support for optimus in linux. So both GPU are on all time. I think that is heating up the laptop.

To turnoff nvidia graphics card and use it only when required install The Bumblebee,
See the details below.

Never make a mistake to install nvidia drivers directly on ubuntu. It won't work and will end up with black screen.

Add the Stable Bumblebee Releases PPA and install Bumblebee using the proprietary NVIDIA driver:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia

Upto this step, it will turnoff nvidia card and use intel card only. If you want to use nvidia card, follow the steps below else don't

If you have 32-bit applications like Wine, and run 11.10 Oneiric or later, you will need extra libraries:

sudo apt-get install virtualgl-libs:i386

Allow yourself to use Bumblebee by adding yourself to the 'bumblebee' group. (replace $USER by your username)

sudo usermod -a -G bumblebee $USER

Reboot or re-login to apply the group changes

If you'd like to run a program on the nvidia card now, use the optirun program:

optirun firefox &

To test whether it is working, install mesa-utilities by executing sudo apt-get install mesa-utils

Run glxgears, wait for sometimes, you will get frame rate every 5 second and it will be like 50-60 fps. It means it is using intel card.
run optirun glxgears and see the framerates. It will be much higher indicating nvidia card is working.
Also you can run webgl tests with browsers.

Read more from bumblebee wiki

Linked Question:

Is a NVIDIA GeForce with Optimus Technology supported by Ubuntu?

How well will Nvidia Optimus cards be supported in 12.04?

Edit - Thanks to  @Lekensteyn for corrections.


No SIGTERM before SIGKILL/shutdown with systemd on Ubuntu 16.04

systemd (opposed to upstart in earlier Ubuntu verions) additionally sends SIGHUP on shutdown (and waits 90s instead of 10s before sending SIGKILL). I suggest to ignore SIGHUP or to handle SIGTERM and SIGHUP the same (idempotent) way.

The modified test script could be changed like this:

import signal
import time

stopped = False

out = open('log.txt', 'w')

def stop(sig, frame):
    global stopped
    stopped = True
    out.write('caught SIGTERM\n')
    out.flush()

def ignore(sig, frsma):
    out.write('ignoring signal %d\n' % sig)
    out.flush()

signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, stop)
signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP, ignore)

while not stopped:
    out.write('running\n')
    out.flush()
    time.sleep(1)

stop_time = time.time()
while True:
    out.write('%.4fs after stop\n' % (time.time() - stop_time))
    out.flush()
    time.sleep(0.1)


I think I had a similar problem when i moved a harddrive from my Intel laptop to a AMD one. I think the solution was switching from Wayland to the X system.
Just make sure you are using X, by clicking on the icon next to the username login box


Need detailed instructions to install Scribus 1.5.5 from tar.xz to Ubuntu 18.04

The tar files contain the source code that you can compile and it's probably not meant for the average user.
If you just want to run Scribus 1.5.x on Ubuntu you have several options that provide you with executables (PPA, appimages).
But, if you have a look at https://launchpad.net/~scribus/+archive/ubuntu/ppa you will see that 18.04 has no packages available for the latest releases of Scribus.
That's because it's not easy to get the latest Scribus to work on a three years old Ubuntu (the main reason being that you will need to upgrade Qt and that might break other packages).
The latest 1.5.6svn provided there for 18.4 should be enough to simply read .pub files, but you should be aware that it's an older snapshot.
To get it open a terminal and enter the following commands one by one.
sudo apt remove scribus
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:scribus/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt dist-upgrade
sudo apt install scribus-trunk

So, if you want the latest Scribus, you should probably upgrade your Ubuntu to the latest release.
Scribus 1.5.6svn or 1.5.7 should then be available from the normal repositories.
If you have no experience with compiling, it will be much faster than trying to use the tar file or otherwise finding workarounds that let you use a current Scribus on your current system.
And for the other readers, if you really want to compile Scribus, you'd better take the source code from the SVN org Git repositories, not from the tar.
(As I wrote above, the tar file is not meant for the average user: it's only / mostly for people who are preparing packages and for archiving purposes.)


What support does Ubuntu have for the Apple Magic Mouse?

Please see this to get help with MultiTouch in Ubuntu: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Multitouch#Community%20Help

There is a section dedicated to the Apple Magic Mouse, I also have that device and am interested in documenting any multitouch information there.

The above page also includes information on testing and using demos for multitouch.

If you want to see the current gestures available in Ubuntu 10.10 you will need to install the Netbook edition (Unity). On a standard desktop you don't need to reinstall, just add the ubuntu-netbook package, logout, and login again making sure you choose Ubuntu Netbook Edition at the bottom of the login screen (after choosing your user).


How to install php without Apache webserver?

Ubuntu package details says php (php7.2) depends on libapache2-mod-php7.2 OR php7.2-fpm OR php7.2-cgi.

It seems to default to the first package, which itself depends on apache2. But if you install one of the latter first, and php afterwards, apache2 will not be installed.

sudo apt install php-cgi
sudo apt install php

or manually put the resolved dependency:

sudo apt install php php7.2-cgi

Then you can run

php -S localhost:8000


You probably found someone stating to add concurrency=shell in GRUB2. This was deemed obsolete as of 12.04

See /etc/init.d/rc and change concurrency to makefile. Remarks and option in that file:

# Specify method used to enable concurrent init.d scripts.
# Valid options are `none` and `makefile`.
# Obsolete options used earlier are `shell` and `startpar`.
# The obsolete options are aliases for 'makefile' since 2010-05-14.
CONCURRENCY=makefile

If you have none set it to makefile.

By the way: install bootchart first, create a bootchart, edit rc and make a new bootchart if you want to see if it improves boot time.


Remove all data while keeping the Ubuntu

Here is my suggestions:

First create a new user for yourself:

sudo useradd -m newuser
sudo passwd newuser

Then add yourself to sudo group:

sudo gpasswd -a newuser sudo

logout from your user account and login with your new user.
now go to /home and remove everything except your new user's home directory, or use userdel -r username to remove other users.

Now all your data are gone however you have a running system with a freshly new user.


What does "Skip All" do when there is an error copying files?

Skip all will skip every error it finds in your transfer.


Display again the first screen after installation 14.04LTS

Try holding down the Super or windows key:

https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/windows-key.html


adding a new startup command to "startup applications" with the following on the command line:

pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog

rebooted and now pulseaudio starts as it should.

I'm still curious as to why this broke in the first place. This is a fresh install...

EDIT: from this post I did the following:

cp -p /etc/pulse/client.conf ~/.config/pulse/client.conf

and now my audio works even after rebooting.


Running a script when connecting a USB device

To answer my own question:
1. The script was not running because it needed sudo rights to run.
To solve this, make this script sudo executable:

Edit the sudoers file using:
sudo visudo

After line 25 (i.e %sudo ALL=(ALL)) add this:
username  ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /home/username/my_script.sh

Now we can use sudo in this script without being asked for the sudo password. However, this may cause some security problems, so please refer to this question: How do I sudo a command in a script without being asked for a password?
2. Answer to my second question:
To make this script work for any USB device which is connected, change the udev rules file's content to this:
ACTION=="add", ATTRS{idVendor}=="`****`", ATTRS{idProduct}=="`****`", RUN+="/usr/local/my_script.sh"

The asterik (*) tells that this should be done for every USB device connected.
That's it! Make sure that script is executable and plug your USB in!
ENjoy!


Single node Openstack installation on Ubuntu Server 14.04.2

I have not done the juju path. I've attempted many installers. The only way I've been able to do it reliably is with Openstack Fuel. Using virt-manger, create one vm for Fuel. Install Fuel in to the VM. Two more vm, one for controller, and one for compute. Configure these two VM to DHCP boot from the fuel server. Use the Fuel web interface to configure an Fuel Environment. That's the Fuel way having multiple groups of hosts run an instance of Openstack. There is a detailed description on how to setup linux bridges to use all fuel defaults.

The enclosed post says use Ubuntu 16.04. The same procedure also works on Ubuntu 14.04

http://www.jeffreygong.com/2016/07/deploying-openstack-with-fuel-on-kvm.html


You have a bug in your bios this is why you get these acpi related errors. I have something similar with my new Asus mainboard (more or less the same acpi error) and the system is occasionally very slow. I reported the bug to Asus and they only said that they will have a look.

Not sure if this is the cause as for me. But updating the bios could be a good starting point. If not you can try to set acpi=off in grub and see if this will change anything.


How to import .m3u playlist exported from Windows

Ok, thanks Jos. I had a good look at the file and it is as simple as a find and replace in the original .m3u file.

Edit the .m3u file with a text editor, e.g., gedit
Replace the first part of each music file in the playlist file, e.g., D:\music, with /mnt/music.
Replace the remaining \ with /.
Save the file.
In Rhythmbox, click the plus sign (+) below Playlists and navigate to the edited .m34 file(s).


The dell 5k is recognized as two separate displays. Try to set the resolution of both to 2560x2880. As far as I know currently there exists a "syncing issue" between these panels in linux. The bug is currently in works here: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97244

As a workaround you might be able to set up xinerama (I have done this with 16.04 on my stationary pc setup with nvidia 960)


how to instal ubuntu 13.10 [pre downloaded] over windows 7 using wubi?

If you save the downloaded ISO in the same directory you're executing wubi from, lets say, your desktop, wubi should detect it and use it as a source for the installation.


Unfortunately, you do need to "compile half of the GNOME desktop" to get the most up-to-date git snapshots of GNOME-Shell. Well maybe a quarter. Luckily, there is a set up script and JHBuild moduleset that you can use to build it and satisfy the dependencies fairly easily.

First, download and run the setup script:

curl -O http://git.gnome.org/browse/gnome-shell/plain/tools/build/gnome-shell-build-setup.sh
/bin/bash gnome-shell-build-setup.sh

Then build GNOME-Shell and its dependencies by running:

jhbuild build

More detailed information on the process can be found on the GNOME wiki.

If this isn't working, you might want to check the list of common problems on the wiki. Work-a-rounds can often be found there.


What does "sudo apt install -f" command do in Ubuntu?

sudo apt install -f  'to fix broken dependencies'

The command line

sudo apt install -f

attempts to fix problems with broken dependencies between program packages.

This is explained in man apt-get, while the man page of the new version apt is not complete.

   -f, --fix-broken
       Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place.
       This option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages
       to permit APT to deduce a likely solution. If packages are
       specified, these have to completely correct the problem. The option
       is sometimes necessary when running APT for the first time; APT
       itself does not allow broken package dependencies to exist on a
       system. It is possible that a system's dependency structure can be
       so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually means
       using dpkg --remove to eliminate some of the offending packages).
       Use of this option together with -m may produce an error in some
       situations. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Fix-Broken.


rollback your previous stage first , and use EasyBCD software to switch between ubuntu and window. its free for home user. Using this software you can select which OS will start first, and also set the initial time .
download from:- http://www.softpedia.com/get/System/OS-Enhancements/EasyBCD.shtml

and you can watch youtube how to use EasyBCD


Launch a second copy of an application using unity

Middle click.

Yeah it's not ideal. There should be a right-click option so people don't have to magically discover these things.


winebrowser starts if i clicking at links in element client

this change solved this problem for me. I can't explain it exactly. trail and Error. Intuition. Maybe someone else can explain this well.
changed Default Applications > in application based on the contents of the URL:

to Default Applications > always Firefox:


How to disable battery-indicator on Ubuntu 17.10? (GNOME's alternative of 'indicator-power')

Open "dconf Editor", go to org folder and search for "recall", you'll found these:

notify-perhaps-recall

percentage-action

percentage-critical

percentage-low

Set "notify-perhaps-recall" to OFF

and set percentage-action, percentage-critical & percentage-low to "0".


Fusion-Icon does not show up in system tray

Try Displex. It provides the same options as the Fusion Icon, and works with Unity/AppIndicators.

(It will also work in most other desktop environments where you can run compiz).

Note, if it does not run try the following:

I installed the deb and tried starting DisPlex from the app menu but nothing
happened. So I ran "indicator-displex" from terminal. At some point it showed
"Value error: gconf key /apps/nautilus/preferences/show_desktop has no value"
so I had to manually add a value and typed
gconftool-2 --set "/apps/nautilus/preferences/show_desktop" --type bool true
ran it again and got the same error for
/apps/gnome-screensaver/idle_activation_enabled,
so the same procedure and that was it.

Taken from Schubibuntu's comment.


Set 'niceness' Without Elevating Permissions On The Executed Program

I would suggest to use the sudo command:

sudo nice -n $priority sudo -u $user $command

By using this command the command will run with the rights of the user account.


Lenovo ThinkPad T400 and docking station

I have a similar experience with T400 and dock station (ThinkPad Port Advanced Mini Dock). I'm using Fedora 14 and the Intel graphics (Radeon switched off in BIOS, as both the proprietary and open the driver has issues in dual screen mode).

When I undock with the laptop running, usually the laptop is still usable. The later dock-in operation is not 100% successful, e.g. the usb mouse connected to the docking station is no more working till the next re-boot.
To be honest, I'd be happy if I could at least suspend to disk - undock - resume - suspend to disk - dock in - resume, but this cycle has just about 30-50% success - which is a real pain. So result is that unplugging few more cables is much faster then waiting for re-boot and opening all the docs closed before the shutdown :-(

Concerning the hot undock-dock, I have tried the howto on
http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Docking_Solutions

The shell script works well, after some customization, but udev rule

/etc/udev/rules.d/81-thinkpad-dock.rules
KERNEL=="dock.0", ACTION=="change", RUN+="/usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-dock.sh"

does not trigger it.


Problem solved!  Thank you seppi!
My machine hardware or the live USB OS was slow to respond to the changes suggested/made.
Swapoff and wait.... then unmount sda4.
Thank you again seppi for your help and patience!


Boot into the USB "live CD" version of Ubuntu you used to install, and select Try Ubuntu rather than installing it.  Then install boot-repair like so:
Open a terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) and run these commands one at a time:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (boot-repair &)

Once they are done running, run the command boot-repair to start the program.  It will walk you through the steps necessary to fix your bootloader issues.

More info on boot-repair here.


Can (and how do) you install Ubuntu in F2FS filesystem?

Ubuntu 13.04 Raring Ringtail is being developed with kernel 3.8 so it should be possible. However I have not found the information that 13.04 will offer the possibility to install to F2FS since this is not a mature FS.

Now if you want to try it with daily images of Raring there should be a way, and please share your experience)

F2FS tools on Launchpad

EDIT 04/25/2013 Gparted 0.16 introduces support for F2FS so a later ubiquity version (or even backport to raring) will soon make it easy to install Ubuntu on F2FS (provided there is a warning/workaround about the Grub issue).


The Ubuntu wiki page on Repositories states:

  Repositories make it very easy to install new software onto Ubuntu using an Internet connection, while also providing a high level of security, as each program available in the repositories is thoroughly tested and built specifically for each version of Ubuntu.

You won't have to worry about Transmission or default shipped apps.

By default the system ships secure. With any system running malicious code as root could compromise you.

Be wary of what untrusted apps you install, but in general open source is safe in the face of "many eyes", public code reviews lend a certain level of trust to the system. But you should also be aware and know better than to run flakey software. If unsure, ask on forums or friends, (Ubuntu Forums).

See the "Adding Other Repositories" section in that wiki page for outside sources. Sometimes it's not easy knowing what is safe, so ask your peers.

This brings up a well known problem with proprietary drivers, without the source how do we know what it does? A great example is that of the Sony rootkit scandal: if a large, 'trusted' corporation does it, any other mega-corp (TM) can too.

As far as scripts / add-ons in your web browser goes: A good rule of thumb is: less is better. Opt for script blockers like NoScript. A technique called Sandboxing runs your browser processes isolated from the host OS, to separate local resource from potential threats. Chrome does this by design, for Firefox you can use some tricks to make it sandboxed AFAIK, but you will have to do research on this to understand how and why.


-loxygenstyle means that it must be linked to the "oxygenstyle" library,  which is not currently installed on your system.

If you search for liboxygenstyle on packages.ubuntu.com, you will find that it is provided by the package with the name "kdebase-workspace-dev", install it and retry.


There are two cases of partitioning - if you will be installing Ubuntu for first time, or if you have already installed Ubuntu.
Fresh install of Ubuntu
At some point during the installation process you will come to this window, where you will be prompted to choose installation type:

Normally if you are a new user you should select Erase everything and install Ubuntu. This will create the needed partitions automatically.
But since you want more advanced partitioning you want to choose the last option - Something else.
After you choose it and click next you will see the partitioning window. If you previously had some OS on the hard disk you will see several partitions present. You click on each of them and click - sign to delete them, until you have only free space left like in the image note that deleting partitions will erase all information on your HDD!

Now you are ready to create partitions.
First depending on your BIOS settings and the boot mode you selected (Legacy boot or UEFI) if you chose UEFI you will have to create an EFI system partition.
Click on the free space row and then click on the + button on the bottom left side and choose following parameters:
Size: 100 [MB]
Type of the new partition: Primary
Location of the new partition: Beginning of the space
Use as: EFI boot partition

Then click ok. The new partition should show up.
After that you will need to create a SWAP partition. Usually I create mine with the same size of how much RAM my PC has. It is often recommended to have at least half of the size of your RAM so if your PC has 8 GB RAM, your minimum swap size would be 4 GB, but you can make it larger.
So again click on the free space then click + and select:
Size: 6000 [MB]
Type of the new partition: Primary
Location of the new partition: Begining of the space
Use as: SWAP

Now you need to create the partition for the root filesystem. Click on the free space then click + and select:

For size you can choose between 20 000 MB (20 GB) and 80 000 MB (80 GB) since you have 1000 GB HDD. This way you will have all other space left for your home folder and files.
Yes this is the last partition you have to make - the one that will mount the /home directory where all users and user data will be stored. Later on if you need to reinstall your OS you will only format the root partition and you can be sure your home partition will stay same as it is without touching it. Also all of your program's settings and data will be there, because most programs store their cache in users' home folders.
So one last time click free space click + and select
Size: [Use the default proposed it will all space left]
Type of the new partition: Primary
Location of the new partition: Begining of the space
Use as: Ext4
Mount point: /home

That's it! Click next and then the install process will continue.
Note that in Linux you do not have to create multiple partitions (like in windows D: for work E: for games), though you can. In windows is a good idea to split large partitions in smaller ones, but with Linux this is not the case. You can create separate folders in your home directory to organize things up. All of them will be safe from reinstall under the /home partition.
Already installed Ubuntu
If you have already installed Ubuntu and you used default installer suggestion, you probably have your /home and root / folders under one partition. In order to move the home folder to new partition, you will have to shrink some free space from the / partition and then move home.
This is a very risky operation and may cause loss of files if something goes wrong. You should first make a backup if you have important data.
The process of moving the home folder to a new partition is well described here . After you follow up this tutorial you should have a separate partition for your home folder.


It sounds like you have the Bounce Keys accessibility feature turned on.  This is intended to help people who have trouble using the keyboard without producing unwanted duplicate key presses, but is obviously not something you want or expect.

You probably enabled it accidentally via a special keyboard shortcut that I can't remember.  It can be disabled through the following steps:

Open the Universal Access control panel in System Settings.
Switch to the Typing tab.
Make sure the toggle under Bounce Keys is turned off.


How to invoke a KDE application with another language (equivalent of LANGUAGE=C)?

The command

LANGUAGE=C application

is wrong. It may seem to 'work', but it's a coincidence.

LANGUAGE=X application

'works' too in that sense.

The LANGUAGE variable expects a colon separated list of language codes. Since neither C nor X is a valid language code, GNU compatible applications fall back to the original language, i.e. English.

LANGUAGE=en application

would be correct if LANGUAGE in the session environment is set to some other language, and you want to start a particular application in English.

To start non-GNU compatible applications in English you can use

LANG=en_US.UTF-8 application


Keyboard Issues After Resuming From Sleep on a Dell Vostro 13

Upgrading to 12.10 seems to solve the problem.

For 12.04 and below:

As a temporary fix you can use/try this solution:

 sudo modprobe -r psmouse
 sudo modprobe psmouse

I saw it here: Touchpad stops working after suspend on a Clevo M55N and it worked for me!

Now on ubuntu 12.04, I am still using the temporary fix i found and posted earlier and it works. But when i created a script that runs the two commands - it didn't work! i noticed i had to add "sleep 2" between the commands for the script fix to function.


How to (force) use Nvidia graphics with OpenShot?

OpenShot 2.5.0 introduced an experimental support for hardware acceleration.
Openshot 2.5.1 is currently available for Ubuntu as Appimage. Provided the recommended Nvidia driver version is correctly installed and loading/working and the video format is supported (cf. image in the 1st link), GPU acceleration should happen automatically.
I have Nvidia Xserver and Nvidia running (performance mode enabled), but none of the applications (browsers etc) seem using it, so practically there is no use of enabling Nvidia.

This affirmation is false. With Performance Mode enabled ALL software is using the dGPU Nvidia.
Whether or not it makes any noticeable difference is a separate issue and it depends entirely on any given software supporting hardware acceleration. We browsers in Linux, as mentioned in the question, typically don't or didn't until recently:

Chromium Developer version (from PPA): YES (experimental)
Chrome: MAYBE? (probably yes, very experimental)
Firefox: MAYBE? (probably not yet)

The difference is quite noticeable when running modern games. And games, rather than productivity is, at the end of the day, la raison d'être of Nvidia Geforce GTX1050Ti. It is a good, average, gaming graphics card, far from exceptional.


I had the same problem when booting into a copied root filesystem (I forgot to adjust UUID values in /etc/fstab). It turns out mount -o remount still looks in /etc/fstab if you don't specify a device. It worked when manually specifying a device:

mount -o remount,rw /dev/sda1 /


Let's simplify the example, focusing only on the faulty line and some of its prerequisites, and eliminate the unnecessary steps (such as ssh).

The fw_loc variable contains the contents of a file. It sure has plenty of newlines and plenty of spaces; presumably other special characters too.

Whereas I don't see the contents of that file, I try to be evil. So here's the stripped-down version of what you're doing, with some imaginary evil contents from that file:

fw_loc='foo"; rm -rf "/ouch'

cat <<ABC
fw_orig="$fw_loc"
ABC

If you execute this, you'll see that this prints

fw_orig="foo"; rm -rf "/ouch"

In your particular case, it's not cated but sent to the remote host to execute.

The level of escaping is clearly not sufficient. I believe this is the reason for the weird behavior you're experiencing, although I'm not sure what special characters it fails on in your case.

One possible approach is to escape the value so that a subsequent assigmnent in bash (on the remote side) will work properly using printf %q:

fw_loc='foo"; rm -rf "/ouch'

cat <<ABC
fw_orig=$(printf %q "$fw_loc")
ABC

Take care to use double quotes immediately around the variable reference $fw_loc (otherwise printf doesn't do its job properly), but not around the $(...) command substitution (because printf %q relies on its output not being within quotes)!

This prints

fw_orig=foo\"\;\ rm\ -rf\ \"/ouch

which is equivalent to fw_loc's definition above.

You might need to apply this trick a few more times further on in your script, I haven't taken a closer look there.

An alternative solution might be to split this complex logic down to smaller steps, e.g. transfer the file using scp, perhaps even to localhost and do the comparison locally.


Open ssh error: packet_write_wait: Connection to x.x.x.x port 22: Broken pipe

Ok the issue seems to be I did not have permissions for /var/www, when I changed the permissions as shown in the guide I did that for /var/www/html. So when I ran this

cd /var/www
chown root:sftp .
chmod 755 .
chown -R sftpuser:sftp *

it worked. I also ran it again on /var/www/html just to be sure.


I've been looking for the same answer and after a while I found it here on superuser:
https://superuser.com/a/94688/35226

  Hibernate mode can be made to be very secure, given that your resume device (ie swap device) is encrypted. You will be asked for the pre-boot passphrase after resuming from hibernation. I've tried it, and it works. Not susceptible to cold boot attacks either (well, not after the first minute or so).

  Sleep mode is less secure; it does not dump its memory to swap when it goes to sleep. It can be made secure up to a point, in that you can require a password to unlock after resuming. However sleep mode is susceptible to cold boot attacks. Someone with physical access to the machine can find the key and get to your data.

Whole tread is worth reading.

General conclusion for Ubuntu:

Suspending is weak for cold boot encryption attack. Attacker gets dump of your whole memory having physical access to your motherboard and dumps your encryption key. It works the same for any OS.
Hibernating is again not secure, because Ubuntu dumps your memory into swap partition which is not encrypted with default eCryptfs used by Ubuntu.

I'm also not happy with it, but we should always fully shut down computers to feel more safely.


I had the same problem, when I put path to the home/bla/.lyx
everything worked


Why is there a size discrepancy when copying from HFS+ to Ext4?

I don't know. But this is normal.

You can try to look at the files with du:

du -c *.mov
du -c --apparent-size *.mov

The first command will tell the Disk Usage (how much space is occupied on disk).

The second will show the actual size of the data (independent of where the file is stored).


Can I delete these mystery desktop files which have appeared in 20.04?

It seems that these icons are created by PCManFM-Qt. If you are using it as your main file manager, you should disable the Desktop Icons extension and let PCManFM-Qt handle the desktop by running it as pcmanfm-qt --desktop (see PCManFM-Qt's Usage section).
If you have used PCManFM-Qt just to try it and you have uninstalled it, you can safely delete the icons and use Desktop Icons as your desktop manager.


This is expected and usual. Maintainer scripts maybe called multiple times during package configuration, and they are called with an argument indicating which action they are called for. You can see the process in the Debian Wiki page on Maintainer Scripts, including this flowchart for the process of removing and purging (as opposed to a package being first removed and then purged in a different operation):

All your maintainer scripts ({pre,post}{inst,rm}) are expected to take note of the arguments passed to them and act accordingly.


Problems transferring files to a smartphone

As I examined each of the files closely, I discovered a commonality among 6 them:  They all had a colon in the file name! (I did not name them - somebody else did). As soon as I re-named the files, removing the colon, the files were transferred without further problems.

But what of the seventh file that caused my system to throw the 'file not found' error?  I double-checked to confirm the file was present in its folder, and it was. As I examined the file name closely, I immediately saw the problem:  A space had been included in the file name (how I was able to receive the file is a mystery for the time being).  Again, I renamed the file by removing the space and the transfer went through instantly.

I am posting this to serve as a cautionary tale to other users who may have trouble transferring a file, especially to their smart phones, to ALWAYS confirm that there are NO illegal characters in the file's name FIRST before looking for more exotic causes for your problem.  Or, as we used to be reminded when I was in college: When you hear hoof beats, think horses, not zebras!

I hope some people find this to be beneficial.

Cheers!


Have you tried only using displays in System Settings? Otherwise, I'm not surprised it's the Dell one that's having trouble.


Format a ext2/ext3 drive with open permissions

For ext* drives, the permissions are set by the permissions of the mount point. They have nothing to do with the formatting tool. And this depends on the UID/GID combination that you use across the systems. If you can use the same UID/GID combination everywhere, you won't have a problem.

Otherwise, you can decide on a GID which is currently free on all your Linux systems, create a group corresponding to that everywhere, and chgrp the mount point and give it g+w permissions.

A safe bet with most modern systems is the UID/GID combination of 1000/1000 - the default user id  for most normal users. The safest bet is, of course, 0/0 - the root UID/GID. Certain to exist everywhere.


You can take a look at the Portable Linux Apps site, which has a decent collection of portable applications that you can carry in a USB drive and use it on any Linux based OS without worrying about installing dependencies.

Regarding your specific question, you can probably open a thread in their forum and request them to create a portable version of Stellarium.

Or you can take a look at the documentation provided at the site regarding creating portable apps but honestly, it didn't make much sense to me.


QT Creator wants me to remove many programs before I can install it via Ubuntu Software Center

The one of following command lines which one you should install using the terminal:

14.04:

sudo apt-get install libegl1-mesa-drivers

14.10:

sudo apt-get install libegl1-mesa-drivers-lts-utopic

It will remove and update some programs automatically.
Then, you yourself can install QT Creator w/o removing some programs you do not want.

No Sweat!
Vote me if it works


Why is ubuntu 11.04 not shipping with mono 2.8

The Debian Mono Group packages Mono for both Debian and Ubuntu. Our focus is on providing a quality and stable experience for users. This does not always mean having the latest version available at all times. Remember that Mono is also the basis for a large number of applications, including some which are in the default install. It's therefore critical that it functions as well as possible. Basically “new” isn't always what is best for the distribution.

Furthermore, packaging and QAing a major upstream revision is a huge effort, and as the team is comprised entirely of volunteers, this has to be done when time presents itself.

The groundwork towards making 2.10 available (rc1 was recently released) is under way.


For the contacts: If you are using google account to store your contacts then navigate to System Settings>Accounts>Google and there is a setting to synchronize contacts. When you tick this setting you have to wait some time for it to sync.


Macxchange Script to Change MAC and Hostname in ubuntu 12.04

sh is not bash, so don't run a bash script with sh. Run it with either ./filename (requires that the script is executable, and uses the shebang) or bash ./filename (only requires the script to be readable, and the shebang is ignored).

It's also not a good idea to use extensions for scripts, especially not .sh when the script is not an sh script.

The script itself uses POSIX sh compatible syntax, with the exception of the [ command which have no == operator in POSIX. To compare two strings for equality with the [ command, the operator is =. [ "$?" = 0 ].

That said, testing whether $? is 0 or not is a bit pointless. It's better to just test the command directly, rather than run the command, then run another command to determine if the previous command succeeded.

if ifconfig "$interface" down > /dev/null; then
    ...
else
    ...
fi


Configure Xorg to use integrated Intel, not Nvidia

You must create a 20-intel.conf file. You can do so by running this command:
sudo nano /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

Add the following information in the file:
Section “Device”
      Identifier “Intel Graphics”
      Driver “Intel”
      Option “DRI” “3”
EndSection

Press Ctrl+O to save and Ctrl-X to exit.


Why do I get different outputs in case of sh and bash?

sh, the Bourne shell, is old. Its behaviour is specified by the POSIX standard. If you want new behaviour, you use bash, the Bourne Again shell, which gets new features added to it all the time. On many systems, sh is just bash, and bash turns on a compatibility mode when run under that name. On Ubuntu, sh is dash, the Debian Almquist shell.

The brace expansion is a relatively new feature, and would not be available in older bashes as well. It certainly shouldn't be in sh.

The shebang line is only respected if you call the script as an executable:

./myscript.sh

I can give a script any shebang and still have it open in Python by running:

python myscript.sh

See these excellent questions on Unix & Linux:

Does the shebang determine the shell which runs the script?
Different ways to execute a shell script


Ubuntu 16.04 doesn't use my dedicated AMD graphics card

Fglrx does not supported by Ubuntu 16.04 and amdgpu driver still does not support this gpu. So if you have integrated intel gpu, you have to stick to it.


How do I know which environment variable file is overwriting my `/etc/profile.d/jdk13.sh`?

You've "installed java-11 before"… using the same/a similar procedure which includes creating a shell script in /etc/profile.d? And is it still installed? Have a look at the output of type java–this should tell you whether the binaries like java are (still?) found in another directory ("first").
If you want to use different versions in parallel, have a look at man update-alternatives (see https://askubuntu.com/a/233192/525098) which explains how to cleanly switch between versions of the same (suite of) program(s). This can include auxiliary scripts which modify PATH, or you could use a script which actually sets the environment variables based on the location of the java binary.


Try this.  Add -c flag to server_args in your tftp xinet.d config.

Change

server_args = -l -s /tftpboot

To

server_args = -c -s /tftpboot

And make sure that user = nobody


Fresh Ubuntu 16.04 install, broken VMware Tools

I had the same problem but I solved it by removing open-vm-tools and installing open-vm-tools-desktop and after a Reboot everything works.


Error importing 'pynput' library in python 2.7 in ubuntu 16

In order to import pynput you need to have it on your Ubuntu first.

You can do it using:

 pip install pynput

More info can be found here: https://pypi.org/project/pynput/

The error shown in your photo - shows a need to install xlib which can be installed using:

sudo apt-get install  python-xlib

or:

sudo pip install svn+https://svn.code.sf.net/p/python-xlib/code/trunk/


Ubuntu 14.04 installation fail (dual boot with windows 7)

"BLOCKING ISSUE : your hard disk has 1485 pending sectors (this value is very large and our hard disk should be replaced)."
"BLOCKING ISSUE : your hard disk has 1485 offline uncorrectable sectors (this value is very large and your hard disk should be replaced)"
"NOTE : your hard disk Power On Hours Count attribute current value (93) is below the normal range (98 - 100) reported for your specific hard disk model. Basically your hard disk was powered on for more than the maximum time the average user did. "
"NOTE : your hard disk Power Cycle Count attribute current value (99) is below the normal range (100 - 100) reported for your specific hard disk model. Basically your hard disk was power cycled more times than the maximum number the average hard disk was. "

This is what I saw when I clicked the first link. It looks like your hard drive maybe old. Consider the age of the hard drive and if it matches what is described in the report then replace the hard drive.

In the second hard drive status tool report link.

"SERIOUS ISSUE : your hard disk has 1429 reallocated sectors. Hard disks do have spare sectors (usually from 256 up to 2560) used to replace bad ones. This remapping operation is transparent to the end user. Anyway, this can lead to degraded performances (because remapped sectors are in different places of the disk than the original ones and the head needs additional moving). If reallocated sectors grow over time, you might encounter some serious troubles. A backup of the most important data is suggested anyway."

It's looking like a hardware issue here unfortunately. Otherwise if you suspect that it may be a software issue backup and format the drive.


Check https://packages.ubuntu.com/focal/lubuntu-default-settings
esp. mimeapps.list
(https://packages.ubuntu.com/focal/all/lubuntu-default-settings/filelist)
which results in /etc/xdg/xdg-Lubuntu/mimeapps.list
(see https://discourse.lubuntu.me/t/solved-chromium-google-chrome-keeps-nagging-about-not-being-the-default-browser/500 ; I recall a discussion in our phab instance but a quick search didn't find that hence the discourse link I did find)
I'm no expert, nor a dev, but it's how I would change it for new installs, or for existing installs via normal upgrade process (it's also a package I've touched/changed for a prior release)


Install latest GNOME version alongside Unity without deleting Unity's original package version

Install the minimal GNOME - shell + core apps:

Install gnome-shell, gnome-applets and gnome-core (may be installed already).

Install full GNOME:

Install gnome.


do I need to partition my drive as for a Installation drive? It gives me drive c 198GB with is my main drive that has windows on it. do I pick that drive?

No partitioning, just run the installer.

Yes select drive C:/ or whatever drive you want that has enough space.

  and is it possible to use wubi in windows 8 CP without problems?

Considering it hasn't been released yet, I don't know but you won't destroy your PC trying.


Why are my user accounts missing from login screen after upgrade to 14.04 from 12.04 ?

I had a similar problem. I was upgrading from Ubuntu 13.10 to 14.04 and it crashed mid way through the process. I ended up reinstalling Ubuntu from a USB drive and chose the option to keep my files and users but ran into the same issue that you're having.

The following worked for me:

Create a new user with the same exact username as the one lost.
Open Terminal
id -u username
My uid was 1001 shown in example below, replace this with your uid.
sudo useradd --home /home/username --uid 1001 --gid users username
sudo chown -R username: ~username

See here for more explanation:
http://www.tuxradar.com/answers/681


Ubuntu re-install introduces xruns with alsa and jack

I actually have similar experiences. I just upgraded from Ubuntu Studio 19.04 Disco to 19.10 Ermine.

With 19.04 I didn't have xruns with Guitarix + Jack (using QJackCtl), and now using the exact same configurations in QJackCtl gives me xruns like every 2 seconds or so.

The only remarkable difference so far I've managed to come up with is the kernel version bump:

19.04 was using 5.**0**.X-X-lowlatency
19.10 is using 5.**3**.0-X-lowlatency

I was experiencing similar with openSUSE, but its kernel is not low-latency, and over there the kernel version was 5.5.X at the moment, but I did experience xruns there earlier as well, with some other 5-version kernel. Very likely 5.3.X.

EDIT:
Ok. So my exact kernel versions are:

5.0.0-20-lowlatency
5.3.0-45-lowlatency

But booting to 5.0.0-20 did not help, so there is something else now in general that causes the issue. This could be the same root cause in openSUSE Tumbleweed and Ubuntu Studio 19.10.

Ubuntu Studio 19.04 seemed to have no issues.

EDIT2:
You could also try the Ubuntu Studio Controls application. It relieved my problems somewhat when setting CPU governor to "Performance". And I also disabled compositing from Window Manager Tweaks.


Disable specific keyboard shortcuts of Google Chrome

Use the browser extension Shortkeys

Create a Keyboard Shortcut using "alt+left" and set the Behavior to "Do nothing"


Nvidia RTX 2060 not recognised, HDMI not working

There was a bug posted on installing via .DEB which repository installation solved, so I'd remove the old proprietary drivers first, run sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa and install the most current drivers available.


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Software Updater not responding!

I had exactly the same problem. I killed the process software updater using the System Moniter. Then i restarted the machine and tried to update it again using the terminal. It said that i had to run some command to configure the error.(I don't remember the command) Then the software updater displayed a message saying updates have been already downloaded click to insall. I did so. Then the software updater installed the updates. Problem solved.

note: Some of the steps I described may not be essential. I just described what I did.


Windows 7/ Ubuntu 14.04 dual boot. Ubuntu not booting

After you have fixed the issues of booting Windows, it has replaced the Ubuntu's grub with Windows boot manager. You will have to recover your grub. The easiest way is:

Step 0: Live boot into ubuntu.
Step 1: Add launchpad repo. for boot-repair

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair

Step 2: Run boot-repair you@your-pc~$ boot-repair and choose default option

That should fix your problem. Tell me how it goes. All the best.


Installing Ubuntu 15.04 alongside Windows 7

You might need to try booting manually into linux by opening the BIOS boot menu, probably F2 key right after startup (just press it repeatedly until you get that.  Use a different key if that's not it).  Once you're in linux, you will have to run

sudo update-grub

That should do it.  You may also have to change the default boot device to the partition containing the GRUB bootloader.


I'm wondering what is causing that difference.

It mostly depends on what software you run on Windows and on Ubuntu.

In general Ubuntu has less software active and Windows tends to pre-load a lot of software during booting to speed things up when the desktop is active. Both might add to lower/higher temps.

  Can you help me find an answer?

Sure but you will need to do all the work. Download for both Ubuntu and Windows software that can check the load of your system. For Ubuntu you already have top and htop but powertop is a good tool for this.

Also take note of your fan: if Windows turns it off on occasion and Ubuntu has it at full speed all the time this will make a difference. And you should also look at the battery when discharging. If your battery life on Windows is better than on Ubuntu you might trade the "Ubuntu is cooler than Windows" for a "Ubuntu lasts not as long on battery as Windows" where the battery life is drained due to overactive fans.

(40-50 is nice. Very nice even. But a temp of 58 is not bad either).


I would disable it in BIOS if possible or remove the wifi card from the computer


Is there an equivalent in Ubuntu to /var/log/yum.log in Redhat?

On Ubuntu the high-level package manager is APT. There's a directory /var/log/apt which contains

/var/log/apt/history.log

which lists APT commands, who ran them, and what was installed, upgraded or removed.

and

/var/log/apt/term.log

which logs the output of APT commands.

The lower level package manager is dpkg. In the file

/var/log/dpkg.log

You can see package status updates made by dpkg.

If a log is empty, it has been rotated. Look for files like dpkg.log.1 or a .gz file (readable with zless) - these are older logs.


Open a terminal and execute the following commands one by one.

sudo apt-key adv --recv-key --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com D1106511179518B2
sudo find /var/lib/apt/lists/ -type f -delete
sudo apt-get update


How can I install Ubuntu on Windows 10 laptop with two hard drives on separate drives?

Please don't do VM and all. Just go for normal dual-boot installation. If someone says, dual-boot is messy, just ignore them!

Refer Dual Boot Windows 10 and Linux Ubuntu on Separate SSD wherein I have answered in great details regarding  installation of dual-boot.

But the answer was given for configuration involving two separate SSDs, but it does not stop you using the same answer for a single SSD scenario as in your case.

You can divide your 512 GB SSD into two, one partition (312 GB) for Windows-10 installation and the other one (200 GB) for Ubuntu 18.04 64-bit AMD. You will be good!

Note-1: you can effectively use your 1 TB hard disk to share between Windows 10 and Ubuntu 18.04

Note-2: you may go for two or three NTFS partitions on 1 TB hard disk and later mount them on Ubuntu 18.04 so that you can use them effectively!

Note-3: @Annabanana, you voiced few concerns but it seems vague.
Please clarify the following:

The laptop has one 512 GB SSD and one 1 TB hard disk.
You have already installed windows-10 on 512 GB SSD.
You are keeping all your programs and data under 512 GB SSD.
Except your unsubstantiated fear of making some mistake and
loosing all  data, you are really interested in dual-booting Ubuntu
18.04 64-bit AMD with Windows 10.
How much of free space is left in 512 GB SSD?
Are you using 1 TB hard disk? In which way?

It is seems that you have already started using 512 GB SSD not only for programs but also for data. If not, you would not be so generous to dedicate entire 1 TB hard for Ubuntu 18.04 installation! You must be a great philanthropist!

I am glad to deal with a Data analyst because I can easily reason with a data analyst.

I want you to be more rational in your decision to allocate entire 1 TB hard disk for Ubuntu 18.04 installation. If so, at some point of time later where will you keep your data? Is it in 512 GB SSD? It is a bad choice! Never keep data in SSD.

I would suggest you to go for partitioning 512 GB SSD into two, and you need to install Ubuntu 18.04 on the second partition because the first partition has a pre-installed windows-10.

You have already thrown some confusing conclusions. You said that you want a 100% all linux system for big data analysis. You sound as if it needs 1 TB hard disk Ubuntu 18.04 installation for such a huge data analysis!

For data analysis, what you really need is a powerful RDBMS software with data warehouse capabilities with enough disk space. That is it! Definitely not a huge Ubuntu 18.04 installation on a 1 TB hard disk!

Let me summarize your computer system configuration needed for a good data analysis:

Change drive letter for 1 TB hard disk. If it is 'D', then assign an
unused drive letter let us say 'G'.

Refer the link to change the drive letter of 1 TB hard disk:
https://www.windowscentral.com/how-assign-permanent-drive-letter-windows-10
Create a partition in your 'C' drive. i.e. you can shrink 'C' drive
and create a new partition with that redundant space by using Disk
Management for a size of 200 GB.

Refer the following link to carve out a new partition from an
existing 'C' drive:
https://www.disk-partition.com/articles/how-to-partition-c-drive-3889.html
Note down the device information of the newly created partition. Is
it /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc?   What is the drive letter of new
partition? is it 'D'?
Restart your computer and log into system. If you are successful,
then this implies that your Windows-10 pre-installation is safe and
sound and working great, after cutting out a new partition!
Install Ubuntu 18.04 on the newly created 200 GB partition.

I have already given answer to create bootable USB stick using
Rufus, you refer
What does it mean to make a bootable LiveUSB?

To install Ubuntu 18.04 refer my answer
Dual Boot Windows 10 and Linux Ubuntu on Separate SSD
Change drive letter for 1 TB hard disk, back to 'D'

Refer
https://www.windowscentral.com/how-assign-permanent-drive-letter-windows-10
Divide your 1 TB hard disk into two or three NTFS partitions and
name/label the partitions sensibly (names/labels should be
contiguous and no gaps)
Mount all the NTFS partitions of 1 TB hard disk on Ubuntu 18.04
which are needed for your data analysis tasks.

If you need my help in setting up mounting and so on, please feel
free to contact me.
You need to install Oracle 18c (Enterpise Edition) for your data
warehouse activities such as mining, drilling and so on.

I have already answered in great details about installation of
Oracle 18c (Enterprise Edition) on Ubuntu 18.04
How to install Oracle 18c (Enterprise Edition) on Ubuntu 18.04?

Good Luck!


Juju: What permissions are needed on a vsphere cloud?

I found the culprit.

What was missing was the permission to create VMs from templates.
(Virtual machine > Provisioning > Deploy template)

Source: https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-vSphere/6.5/com.vmware.vsphere.security.doc/GUID-31C6CD2D-41CA-4646-994A-C61AD5FF1880.html


Cannot uninstall php-memcache using terminal

If your system is in state where apt-get is mostly unusable you could try using dpkg to remove the affected package, in this case try:

sudo dpkg --purge php5-memcache

dpkg is a low-level tool to manipulate packages and it's not trying so hard to have all packages in consistent state.

Since php5dismod is missing from your system I would simply recommend removing the /var/lib/dpkg/info/php5-memcache.prerm and /var/lib/dpkg/info/php5-memcache.postrm files and cleaning /etc/php5/ by hand for traces of memcache configuration (main memcache.ini symlinked to 20-memcache.ini might be found there).

Note: Please do not try other random things from the internet, you might broke the system even more, if you do not fully understand what you are doing.


Open multiple firefox tabs from command line

Oops.  I just found the answer.  You need to add a -url after each `-new-tab'.

firefox -new-tab -url https://www.evernote.com/Home.action -new-tab -url http://www.gmail.com

Now it works.  Hope this can help somebody.


Unable to force 15:9 aspect ratio with modeline and xandr

I've managed to fix this issue. I ended up uninstalling my Nvidia drivers (in the Windows 10 host), installing the latest drivers, installing the correct, custom resolution in Windows, and then installing the custom resolution in Ubuntu (inside the VirtualBox VM).


Blkid does not return uuid of windows, windows is not in fstab, and windows is hibernated so it cannot be mounted

Warning, this will delete any unsaved data in from your hibernated windows session!

Assuming the device is /dev/sda1:

sudo mkdir /media/windows

sudo mount -t ntfs-3g -o remove_hiberfile /dev/sda1 /media/windows

Now, you should be able to run:

sudo update-grub

and windows should be recognized.


Try and create the bootable USB with this http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net. I had the same issue,  mine worked with this.


Try boot-repair by booting into Ubuntu from live USB. (I think you are already here)

Install boot repair

For this, open a terminal and do the following:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

Run boot-repair

sudo boot-repair

Click on Recommended repair. Write on a paper the new URL that will appear.

Reboot your PC.


Creating disk image where destination partition is smaller than the source

Try Macrium Reflect from the Windows side.  I used that to put a 160G Windows installation onto a 60G SSD, so the smaller target is possible.  Copy both the EFI partition (if a UEFI machine) and the Windows partition if you want to make a bootable target.


Citrix workspace app 2009 webcam and mic not working on Ubuntu 20.04

I had the same problem. Turns out I was using the wrong version of the Zoom VDI plugin. The version of zoom on my virtual desktop is 5.0.23901.6522. In this case I had to install version 3.0.5 (5.0.469977.0929) of the plugin.


error processing archive while running apt --fix-broken install

You are trying to install a new package libkf5mailtransport-data that contains a file that are allready installed in another package kio-smtp - see 7. last line in the --fix-broken output:

Unpacking libkf5mailtransport-data (17.12.3-0ubuntu4) over (17.04.3-0ubuntu1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libkf5mailtransport-data_17.12.3-0ubuntu4_all.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/etc/xdg/kmailtransport.categories', which is also in package kio-smtp 17.04.3-0ubuntu1

Two packages containing same files can not be installed at the same time.
A quick-and-dirty hack would be to rename the offending file, and after the install check old and new file for differences. You might have to do this to get out of the current locked situation. But this will certainly give problems later.

As a permanent solution you might have to uninstall kio-smtp.


How do I change/remove the handle graphic in panel?

I don't know why do you need to do that but in the image you provide the handle is right there as you can see when paying attention to the same image with a little amplification:

In that image the handle seems not to be there but it is because of a visual effect by the theme that you are using.

If you wish to remove the handle simply right clic over the global-menu and choose "Preferences", then go to the "Applet" tab and enable or disable "Add a handle to this applet" as seen in the next screenshot:

Sorry, I am using a spanish system at the moment so I may change the image tomorrow, and the "Add a handle to this applet" text may differ.

The options in your applet depends on the version that you use. Updating to the new version will give you this options. After installing and placing the applet in your panel remember to reboot in order to gain access to all the features in the preferences window.

Good luck!


Real-time permission would allow Jack to configure itself for a higher scheduling priority, and to prevent its memory from swapping.
However, Jack also runs without these settings.

If you want just simple playback, you should configure fluidsynth to use ALSA.


What happen if I uncheck all PPAs from 'Software & Updates'

you'll not get update notifications from those PPAs.


This worked:

sed -i "s/$node_number/&mytext/" "filepath.csv";


Lenovo Ideapad p500 having Windows 8 booting issues. Boot repair pastebin included!

Turn off UEFI which prevents Windows Os from booting.


Reinstall VLC:

sudo apt-get remove --purge vlc vlc-data vlc-nox
sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-data vlc-nox

Verify DBus plugin for VLC:

$ ls -l /usr/lib/vlc/plugins/control/libdbus_plugin.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72760 May 17 15:56 /usr/lib/vlc/plugins/control/libdbus_plugin.so

VLC → Tools → Plugins & Extensions → Plugins tab → Is there D-Bus control interface?
Run VLC and check if it creates an MPRIS DBus service, example:

$ gdbus call --session --dest org.freedesktop.DBus \
--object-path / --method org.freedesktop.DBus.ListNames | \
awk 'BEGIN { RS=","; } /org.mpris.MediaPlayer2./ { gsub(/[\[\]()\x27]/, ""); print $1; }'

org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.vlc
org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.vlc.instance18027

(Try also with other working player, to confirm that you run the command correctly)

Other way, you may use qdbusviewer → session bus tab → search for vlc
If DBus interface listed, check if VLC respond correctly:

gdbus call --session \
    --dest org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.vlc \
    --object-path /org/mpris/MediaPlayer2 \
    --method org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get \
    "org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.Player" \
    "PlaybackStatus"

Output may be: (<'Playing'>,), (<'Paused'>,) or (<'Stopped'>,)

or using qdbus

qdbus org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.vlc \
    /org/mpris/MediaPlayer2 \
    org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get \
    org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.Player PlaybackStatus

It should output: Playing , Paused or Stopped

At this point, VLC player works as it should. So it is out of circle.

Reinstall indicator-sound and reset its config:

sudo apt-get remove --purge indicator-sound
sudo apt-get install indicator-sound unity-control-center unity-control-center-signon webaccounts-extension-common xul-ext-webaccounts

dconf reset -f /com/canonical/indicator/sound/
rm -rf ~/.cache/indicators/sound

pkill -f indicator-sound-service or Logout/login
No success, run it in terminal & watch for errors

Locate its executable:

$ sudo updatedb
$ locate -br indicator-sound-service$
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-sound/indicator-sound-service

Rename it, to stop respawn, then kill its running process:

sudo mv /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-sound/indicator-sound-service /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-sound/indicator-sound-service0
pkill -f indicator-sound-service

Run it again:

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-sound/indicator-sound-service0

Run VLC, try use its control on sound menu, any error messages?
Try build new indicator-sound from source:

sudo apt-get build-dep indicator-sound
apt-get source indicator-sound
cd indicator-sound-12.10.2+14.04.20140313/
mkdir build
cd build/
cmake ..
make

Stop running one as previous step, then run without installing it:

./src/indicator-sound-service


Unable to upgrade to 17.10 from 17.04. I have attached the error message. I have removed all the apps except those were preinstalled

It can be some bad cache between you and the servers.

Please try:

sudo apt -o Acquire::https::No-Cache=True -o Acquire::http::No-Cache=True update

In a terminal.