Installing Driver for XBox PowerA Spectra Controller

I have gotten to the point where my controller was recognised, but not responding to button-presses. Maybe your controller will respond, if you follow my steps, but maybe it won't.

xpad and xboxdrv are not the same thing, they are two different approaches. It seems at the moment that xboxdrv works best, but is not quite up to date on Ubuntu.

You need to download, modify and then compile the newest version of xboxdrv.

Download

From github, https://github.com/zerojay/xboxdrv
press the green Clone or Download button, then Download ZIP.

Extract the downloaded file to an empty folder.

Modify

Here comes the tricky part. In the extracted folder, locate the file [...]/src/xpad_device.cpp. Open it, and you will find a long list of entries like

{ GAMEPAD_XBOX,             0x0d2f, 0x0002, "Andamiro Pump It Up pad" },

You want to add your own controller to this list. It should be on the form

{ GAMEPAD_XBOXONE,             0x????, 0x????, "Your product description" },

And you need to find the two codes that identify it.

In a Terminal, type

watch lsusb

Plug in your controller and make a note of the line that appears in the list. This is your controller. Mine was called

Bus 002 Device 013: ID 0e6f:02b2 Logic3

In xpad_device.cpp check that your controller's ID isn't already among the xbox one controllers. If it is, you can skip the rest of this step.

Add your entry to the list, adding the first and second part of your controller's device ID to the first and second code in the entry. Mind that each entry is comma-separated, and the last entry has no comma after it.

Mine becomes

{ GAMEPAD_XBOXONE,          0x0e6f, 0x02b2, "@Play - Wired Controller for Xbox One" },

Save the file and close it.

Compile

From a terminal, navigate to the extracted folder. First paste in

sudo apt-get install \
 scons \
 g++ \
 libboost-dev \
 scons \
 pkg-config \
 libusb-1.0-0-dev \
 git-core \
 libx11-dev \
 libudev-dev \
 x11proto-core-dev \
 libdbus-glib-1-dev

to install dependencies. The actual compiling may take a while. Type

scons

then

make install

Run

From a terminal,

sudo xboxdrv

See if it works. For actual gaming, run

sudo xboxdrv --silent

So it won't waste CPU printing all input events to the terminal.

To make starting it easier, try adding it as a shortcut with Alacarte.


pkexec authentication fails over ssh X11 forwarding, why?

Suboptimal solution:

After sshing in with X11 forwarding, run

/usr/lib/policykit-1-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1 &

After that, synaptic-pkexec works great, the Authentication box pops up on the client computer and accepts my password.

You have to kill the authentication agent process before exiting the ssh session or it hangs, though.

I got the tip from here: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/18012 but there it states that you can start the authentication agent on the server. That part didn't work for me, I got an error:

Cannot register authentication agent: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Error.Failed: An authentication agent already exists for the given subject

So this works, but is a bit clumsy.

Hoping for a better answer.


iptables block fragmented flow that contain specific string

It is not possible to span multiple packets with any iptables rule, they apply on a per packet basis. Reassembling multiple packets into an overall payload happens at higher level, after iptables handles the packets.


Is there something like "Windows Subsystem for Linux" for android?

No, there is no such thing as Windows subsystem for Linux for Android. If your primary concern is using apt-get or snap on Android, then you may try Ubuntu touch based phones who use Ubuntu OS and snap.

I also found this app that says it can install Linux distro on Androids. Check here https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.zpwebsites.linuxonandroid&hl=en

Related question on Android SE
- https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/59863/a-real-terminal-root-or-no-root


7.2.0+14.04.20140416-0ubuntu1 has it already fixed


How can I run a script when the power supply is plugged-in or -out?

You can use on_ac_power to run a script when the power supply is turned on or off.
Try the following in a terminal.
$ on_ac_power
$ echo $?
0              ## Laptop on ac power

$ on_ac_power
$ echo $?
1              ## Laptop on battery (not on ac power)

Based on this you can make your script as,
#!/bin/bash
while true
do
    if on_ac_power; then
        do_something               ## Laptop on power
    else
        do_something_else          ## Laptop on battery
    fi
    sleep 10                       ## wait 10 sec before repeating
done

EDIT:
cron job would be a better idea for running the script at a regular interval instead of using an infinite loop.
Save your script as myscript.sh and put the following content in it,
#!/bin/bash
if on_ac_power; then
    do_something
else
    do_something_else
fi

Make the script executable from a terminal, chmod +x /path/to/myscript.sh. Open your personal crontab as EDITOR=gedit crontab -e and append the following line in it to run your script every minute.
* * * * * /path/to/myscript.sh


How to open a folder with an application in nautalius?

You can add custom right-click options with this software.

Here is a nice and easy tutorial for it.


Configure screen resolution with radeon on Ubuntu 16.04

Its not a real solution, but I also had your situation spendings days researching tons of answers about this thing. The gamma issue turn up often, but I did not see an explanation anywhere. I had exactly the same configuration of a graphics card for 1980 and a monitor setting that said generic and only allowed low res.
My card was an intel but I found out that the actual driver had been installed and working. I still got black screen issues and the resolution issue.
For me the solution was to install xubunutu-desktop. I did it from the command line

sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

You can do that an keep your unity desktop. Upon login there is a little option field in the login box where you can select which desktop you want to log in. I did not change anything with the driver and now it works find. Unity should be able to work too, but it just did not do it somehow.

There are other options:
 - try to boot in failsafeX mode. Grub/Alternative options/recovery then a menu comes up and you select failsafeX. it does replace you driver with a generic software driver, so the desktop becomes horribly slow, but it may be able to give you a diffrent result and you can continue to close down the problem.
 - you also could boot from a USB/CD live image of Ubunut, Xubunut or whatever flavour. I found that the live images sometimes succeed in hardware recognition of both graphics and monitor. If that works, at least you know that there is no principle conflict.

Should you ever find out more details about this gamma setting please provide the link in your post. The message does not really tell that it is the reason for failure, but at all times I had the gamma message popping up, I could be sure I would end up nowhere. Its quite annoying as the gamma value is so unimportant for most application that any software should be safe to assume a standard value, even a graphics driver. Probable its just a very misleading message for a very different problem.

Hope this helps you along at least a further step.


Grant group traversal rights on a folder

The command is:
chmod g+x Dog

For opening the folder, you need the execute permission. (When used on regular files, the same execute permission allows running them.) This command simply sets it to the group without touching other permissions.
Further reading

man chmod (see also How can I get help on terminal commands?)


new MAAS nodes are only provisioned from one pod

KVM allows over committing of resources, so does MAAS. Future versions of MAAS will allow setting the over committing rate, allowing you to fallback to different pods.

That said, the MAAS API does support specifying which pod you can allocate a machine from, but I do not believe juju does today.


Vimperator not working with Firefox 4 from official repository

See this discussion, so the max version in vimperator is set wrong. To fix this get the vimperator add-on from its google code page here.


MPEG-4 AAC decoder, and the H.264 decoder

So I killed the process with

sudo kill 30816

That allowed me to restart the computer without the warning that a process was running and that I needed admin credentials to shut down.  I then found another website

https://linuxconfig.org/unable-to-play-the-file-missing-decoder-on-ubuntu-20-04-lts-focal-fossa

that offered the commands:

sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras

and

apt install libdvdnav4 libdvd-pkg gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly

Running those did result in a message superimposed on the terminal, but hitting return accepted the "OK" and continued and eventually finished the installation. The mpegs now play.


Missing RAM and Unsupported hardware driver issue

I've solved the 2nd problem whit this driver:  http://support.amd.com/us/gpudownload/linux/Pages/radeon_linux.aspx?type=2.4.1&product=2.4.1.3.42&lang=English


How do I use integrated Graphics dor display and nvidia card for rendering

What you want to do is called CUDA and blender supports that.

However from the Blender CUDA FAQ:

Why is Blender unresponsive during rendering?

While a graphics card is rendering, it can not redraw the user
interface, which makes Blender unresponsive. We attempt to avoid this
problem by giving back control over the GPU as often as possible, but
a completely smooth interaction can't be guaranteed, especially on
heavy scenes. This is a limitation of graphics cards for which no
true solution exists, though we might be able to improve this
somewhat in the future.

And the solution is simple:

If possible, it is best to install more than one GPU, using one for
display and the other(s) for rendering.

(though you're probably not going to like that "solution")  :-(


What is last step in installation of Tcl/Tk on Ubuntu 15

The Python module tkinter is provided by the packages python-tk (for Python 2) and python3-tk (for Python 3). Just install one of them (or both).


There is a PPA for Racket now here:

https://launchpad.net/~plt/+archive/racket


How can I install GNOME or GTK+ 3.6 on Ubuntu 12.04?

It's not possible. Even when adding the GNOME 3-team PPA, the highest you get is 3.4.2. Only 12.10 and 13.04 (possibly 13.10: may already have GNOME 3.8) can run 3.6 and higher.


You can, but it's a bad idea. The whole point of the permissions system is preventing non-privileged users and attackers from doing stuff like writing to system files, running hostile code, and so on. By far the best thing to do is just keep on using sudo when you need to edit system files. That's best practice and it's the reason we have sudo

I don't recommend either of the following methods, but they are safer than the dreaded chmod 777. You could, for example, change the group ownership of /etc/hosts and give the group write permission:

sudo addgroup editors            #make a new group
sudo adduser $USER editors       #add yourself to it
sudo chown :editors /etc/hosts   #change the group ownership
sudo chmod 664 /etc/hosts        #give the group write permission

You would now be able to edit the file without sudo. Or, you could use ACLs, if you have the acl package (installed for sure in 15.04 and later)

sudo setfacl -m $USER:rw /etc/hosts

But, again, I don't recommend either of those actions. Just use sudo.


How to duplicate a terminal session at same directory and get root user by default

Just launch a new terminal. The default terminal on Ubuntu is gnome-terminal. If you  launch a new one, it will start as the user who launched it and in the directory it was launched from.

So, if you're already logged in as root and are visiting, for example, /etc, you can run gnome-terminal & (the & is just to send it to the background) and a new terminal will appear, running as root and in /etc.


Installing a "Beta" of Ubuntu is a misconception.

There are only installation media labeled "Beta", but what you are going to install is the development version and it will identify itself as Ubuntu Happy Codename (development branch). Once development phase is completed, it will receive an update of the base-files package which will make it identify itself from there on as Ubuntu 00.00 and will behave like any other installation. This also includes receiving release upgrades depending on the update policy.

You can also upgrade an existing installation to a development release at any time. However, you should be aware of what questions are appropriate for "ubuntu+1".

And of course be careful when updating the development branch, as
Jo-Erlend Schinstad already said in his answer. Generally it's not particularly dangerous to run the development version on secondary devices during the last weeks of the development process, but when something does go wrong despite all QA effort, it happens when you really have better things you would want to do.


Have you already tried to make a usb pen-boot with yumi? Here's the download site and a tutorial http://www.pendrivelinux.com/yumi-multiboot-usb-creator/


Opening .desktop file outside of desktop immediately logs out

While I have my theories, I am afraid to proclaim that I know exactly (or even remotely) how or why this works.  I would imagine that it has something to do with the way a *.desktop launcher executes its target. Perhaps I was trying to kill the gnome-terminal window after it had already been closed at the end of the script's execution and ended up killing my session?  Maybe vice versa?  I don't claim to know, but I would invite anyone who does to please answer this question with your explanation so that others may learn from my mistake.

Removing the line kill -9 $PPID solved the problem

If the script is executed from the *.desktop launcher, the initial gnome-terminal window will close, leaving the second.  If the script is executed from the command line (for example, $ bash InitSystem), the initial gnome-terminal window does not close.


Mouse Wheel not Working Suddenly - Ubuntu 18.04

The solution described in another post worked for my mouse A4Tech 2X Office 7K:

sudo apt install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04


I managed to find work around. I'll post it here in case someone else has this problem.

I started running the commands in this article and I noticed that "modprobe nandsim" resulted in /mnt/mtd showing a larger size when I did "df -h". When I tried mounting again it appeared to work. "df -h" still shows /mnt/mtd as 100% full, but it is at 50M which is about the size of rootfs.jffs2. And when I look at the mounted file system, everything is where I expect it to be and there aren't any missing/incomplete directories like there were before.

I can't say I fully understand why this fixed it, but it did. If someone else has more insight into why this works, please comment or make it a new answer and I'll mark it as accepted.


GNOME 3.2 Screen keyboard, when opened onboard pops up

This a known bug. But if you're planning to use only Gnome Shell instead of Unity you could uninstall onboard

sudo apt-get remove onboard

If you do this you won't be able to use onboard on LightDM.

Anyway, it seems possible to use LightDM with Caribou, but the unity-greeter is coded to use Onboard, so it would be necessary to write a patch for unity-greeter.

EDIT. Another workaround is to remove onboard autostart from /etc/xdg/autostart without removing onboard.


Samba group write file permissions not set

The problem was "obey pam restrictions = yes" was set. Change this to "no" and the permissions are now set correctly. This was a comment in the post Set umask, set permissions, and set ACL, but SAMBA isn't using those?


Alternative Application Switcher (Alt+Tab) in a Desktop Environment

Yes, this is possible.
first, install compizconfig-settings-manager.
press Alt+Ctrl+T to open terminal then typing

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

in terminal.
Then press Enter and type your root password.
Wait to install then type

ccsm

in terminal and Click Application Switcher in ccsm then Enable this.

You can change default Alt+Tab key in Next Window to other key.


Firefox PDF preview option not working ubunutu 14.04?

[should have commented but didn't as I couldn't comment yet.]

Well that's odd, I wonder there's a third party program protecting or changing your preferences, or some addon doing the same. Check if there's anything as such.


Inadvertently nuked my disk permission structure - why?

The shell glob .* matches .. (the parent directory) in this case unfortunately that's /:

steeldriver@t400s:/opt$ ls .*
.:

..:
bin  boot  cdrom  dev  etc  home  initrd.img  initrd.img.old  lib  lib32  lib64
libx32  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  snap  srv  swapfile  sys
tmp  usr  var  vmlinuz  vmlinuz.old

For additional discussion see:

Does “chmod 777 .* -R” chmod parent directories (..)?
how to glob every hidden file except current and parent directory


move Android sdk in different partition from ubuntu directory

I have to resize ubuntu, this was a pain to install it again,this cast me time and resources waste ..I was hoping for a effective solution.


Create the following file: /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla
Copy / paste the following content into it:

[Enable hibernate by default in upower]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

[Enable hibernate by default in logind]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate;org.freedesktop.login1.handle-hibernate-key;org.freedesktop.login1;org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-multiple-sessions;org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-ignore-inhibit
ResultActive=yes

Log out and check that you can see the hibernate menu item on the login screen, do the same once you logged in.

The reason the above manual step needs to be done is that they seem to have disabled hibernate by default in Ubuntu 15.04.


Ubuntu Wi-Fi Not Working on Lenovo Laptop?

To fix the problem paste this command into the terminal

sudo mv /lib/firmware/iwlwifi-3160-12.ucode /lib/firmware/iwlwifi-3160-10.ucode

Reboot and see if that helps.


Upgraded to 10.04 LTS and cannot startup

Make sure you've unplugged any USB devices that may have plugged in. often, USB devices cause startup process to hang. Also search askubuntu.com for similar questions. Lot of people seems to have this issue. (Including me)


Problem with displaying files in the folder

not yet able to comment...

A lot of IFs here, but if in fact your external drive is failing:

You indicate you may have recently copied (or moved) the files from your internal drive.  If so, some or most may be recoverable from your internal drive. Files moved from, or deleted from a hard drive will be recoverable until the space is reused, overwritten with new files.

As such, for maximum chance of recovering every file, I'd recommend shutting down (to avoid writing any more new files). Then make a full copy of your internal drive:  either by booting your system from USB-bootable OS, or removing the drive and connecting it to an other Linux system (Windows will automatically mount, index, and possibly write to newly attached drives. We don't want that).
If comfortable learning about and using command line, 'dd' command is the tool of choice for copying a full disk to a backup file or spare disk drive. Just be 110% certain you specify correct source and destination, else you could overwrite your data.
Once you have this backup of the internal drive, you may resume using your original system knowing if you need it, you have a copy from which to attempt recovery of anything not recovered from your external drive.

If reading S.M.A.R.T. from external indicates imminent failure, your best chance of recovering most of the data is with recovery tools. Regular copy operations will often spend too much time retrying reads that may never succeed. Recovery tools will instead focus on recovering the most amount of data in the least amount of time, and least amount of stress on a failing drive. If you are comfortable with command line, look at ddrescue. (Note: debian package name is gddrescue, while the cli command is ddrescue.)


You really should not have tried to install that package. It is provided for guys who deleted Unity first. Just install Compiz Config Settings Manager from Software Center and you have all Compiz abilities except for Window Manager, cause Unity replaces it. If you want more, you have to get rid of Unity and go for pure Gnome, for which there are complete guides, and I would suggest another distro too.


How can I email an attachment from the command line

Of all the mail user agents in the Ubuntu repository, it appears that mutt is the command-line MUA that is blessed with Long Term Support.

According to the manual, you can do something exactly like:

mutt -a myfile.txt -s "Here's my file" -- me@example.com

except it won't go anywhere since one also needs a Mail Transfer Agent. Popular ones are:

the venerable sendmail
postfix
exim4
qmail
nullmailer

and the only ones that Canonical seems to support are postfix (thanks for the correction Steve) and exim4.

One could also say that xdg-email is also a proper Ubuntu MUA, but it is a bare-bones front end which only executes your preferred MUA on your behalf.

If you'd like advice on which MTA might be suitable for your use, perhaps open another question here.


Invalid Operation when attempting to run tcl code

I am guessing the reason your script is not running, is becuase your shebang is completely wrong. The point of the shebang is to tell the compiler what package or program to run the script with #!/home/localadmin/Desktop points to nothing the comipler cares about (i'm guessing)

Everything else looks right so far (again I am unfamiliar with tcl) So I would try changing the first line in the script to something like the following

myscript.tcl

 #!/usr/bin/tclsh
 my_script.....

Assuming this doesn't work, you can track down any errors you have that would prevent the script from running (such as syntax errors and the like) by running

tclsh your_script.tcl

After watching the video, this tutorial does not pertain to you (assuming you really are running ubuntu) for how to run the script


Install Ubuntu without making Windows license void

I think you have been misled by the engineer.

If you really want do dual boot ubuntu with win7, that is a fairly straightforward process.

Ubuntu will happily co-exist in a dual-boot configuration with windows, with windows first to be in place. The opposite scenario is actually the more troublesome to setup. Windows can clobber the MBR+grub setup and render Ubuntu unable to boot but in the scenario you have got, it should not be a problem.

The main question - is do you have sufficient disk space to accomodate the Ubuntu install. You'll have to probably resize your existing Win7 partition to make some space available for ubuntu.

If you run the ubuntu installer, you can do the resize using GParted.

You can also resize the windows partition using windows Disk Management.

After resizing partitions, you should be able to able to smoothly run Ubuntu install.

There shouldn't be any issues with the Win7 license.

As a fallback, you can run a clone image backup of your current disk state which you can restore just in case you need to.


UEFI - Black screen when attempting to install UBUNTU

There are many possible "black screen" causes. The post to which user68186 linked has many possible solutions, and I suspect that you haven't tried all of them. In brief, some solutions that are most likely to work include:

Using the nomodeset kernel option at boot time
Using the brightness control on your laptop (sometimes the system comes up dimmed)
Using a more recent distribution (14.04 is coming out on the 17th, so trying the current beta, or the RC that's coming out on Thursday, is worth the effort)

You could also try installing the server version, which uses the (usually less finicky) text mode for installation. If that works, then typing sudo apt-get install unity will install most (maybe all) of the desktop stuff. This will at least put you in a better position for further debugging, since you'll be able to hit Ctrl+Alt+F1 to get a text-mode login if it doesn't work at that point.


A desktop Environment is, put very simply, a window manager (graphical interface) + other utilities on top of the operating system.

If you want to install gnome:

Log out of your current session then press ctrl+alt+f1

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop

If you get any errors after installing, try

sudo apt-get install -f

If you don't, then

sudo service gdm restart

Then you can click the little icon next to your log in name and should be good to go


Increase animation speed in Cosmic Cuttlefish

You can use the Impatience extension for GNOME shell to increase the overall GNOME shell animation speed.

Refer to this to learn more about installing and configuring GNOME extensions: How do I install and manage GNOME Shell extensions?


Screen is black after closing the lid. Still black after reboot

Could the computer boot from a CD like Super Grub Disc 2 if it was unable to boot from an USB?

I am a non-experienced user too, but this sounds weird. Can it happen? Can you enter the BIOS after switching the computer on? I mean if you are sure that you reach to switch the computer off. Have you tried pressing and holding the on/off button for several seconds in order to force the shut down?

I am sorry in case my bad English sounds rude.


Permissions issue with conky getting ESSID, tried all the usual

Alright, so the solution for anyone else that ends up here:

sudo setcap cap_net_raw,cap_net_admin=eip /usr/bin/conky

Details are here but basically you need to give conky permissions to use the network interface.


Intel HD 3000 not working in ubuntu 12.04

I've an Akoya MD 6634 with Nvidia Optimus Technology and it works fine with Ubuntu 12.04. The Installation was a little bit tricky. First, you have to boot with optin "nomodeset"; in other cases yo may get a black screen (see: My computer boots to a black screen, what options do I have to fix it?).

After Installation has completed, there was no Gnome3 (always Fallback-mode). I installed "Bumblebee" - see here: http://bumblebee-project.org/; there is a discription for Ubuntu. After that, everything is fine; normally, Intel graphic is in use; to speed it up, i can use "optirun" and it get's much faster!


How do I enable wireless on a Dell Vostro 3400

Actually I followed 2 step to enable wireless in my PC

Step 1 : Removed the bcmwl-kernel-source package

sudo apt-get remove bcmwl-kernel-source

Step 2 : Installed the firmware-b43-installer package.

sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

And then rebooted my PC .

Finally got my work done.  :)


Default Page still accessible after a2dissite 000-default.conf

DocumentRoot has a default value that's used if it is not set.  That would mean that Apache would serve out of some directory even if DocumentRoot was not set anywhere in the configuration.

For the upstream Apache source, that is /usr/local/apache/htdocs, but the Ubuntu packaging overrides that with --enable-layout=Debian. That is presumably why it continues to serve with /var/www/html as DocumentRoot. If you just want it to stop loading that page, make it inaccessible to the www-data user by changing permissions, or set DocumentRoot to some other directory.


How can remote host be mounted with nautilus from command line to avoid opening a nautilus window?

You can use the command:

gvfs-mount sftp://user@targethost

to mount a remote location by SFTP on the console. It also shows up in Nautilus (you can unmount it there) but it doesn't open a window automatically.

You have to enter the password for the remote host interactively when you use this command. (I don't know how to supply it by the command line or if gvfs-mount does make use of SSH keys. Would be nice if somebody could add this...)


There's no way to getting it wrong, there isn't anything for you to miss, but here go some insights into each step:

apt-add-repository -y ppa:aims/sagemath

this add the APT to your repository, in other words it adds this location for you APT look for when trying to install new packages. It should ask for some kind of confirmation regarding the gpu key, accept it and it will add it.

apt-get update

This updates your local listing of packages tough re-downloading every packaging list you has, all the ubuntu's defaults and also the sage listings

apt-get install sagemath-upstream-binary

This one is the one who really installs sage. What is wrong?


unmet dependency error on ubuntu 14.04 while installing

Your log shows that MariaDB 10.0 is present (the same error), and dpkg fails on version check (it thinks you perform downgrade). Try to remove MariaDB or make the following (I do not know, whether MariaDB would work after installation of mysql over it):

sudo -i rm /var/lib/mysql/debian-*.flag


You should read the Ubuntu server guide. It will probably answer most of your beginner questions on getting your web server setup (including the question you asked, which the guide states is in /etc/apache2/).

See http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/DistrosDefaultLayout for discussion of where you might find Apache httpd configuration files on various platforms, since this can vary from release to release and platform to platform. The most common answer, however, is either /etc/apache/conf or /etc/httpd/conf

Generically, you can determine the answer by running the command:

  /opt/lampp/bin/httpd -V    or       httpd -V

(That's a capital V). Or, on systems where httpd is renamed, perhaps apache2ctl -V

This will return various details about how httpd is built and configured, including the default location of the main configuration file.

One of the lines of output should look like:

-D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf"

which, combined with the line:

-D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd"

will give you a full path to the default location of the configuration file


The first letter "d" means directory. All following letters are permissions for different users. "r" stands for reading, "w" for writing, and "x" denotes if file is executable.

First 3 letters behind "d" are permissions for owner, other 3 for group, and last 3 for others. The permissions for certain file/directory can be seen in Terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) using

ls -l

command. They can be changed using sudo chmod command (chmod has to be used with sudo).

More can be read here

So in your case this means that what are you looking at is a Directory that the owner (assuming that's you) has the permission to read and write, all other users can only read.


What is PPA and why do people use it for Nvidia graphics?

You can read THIS about "what PPA is".

Xorg-edgers ppa contains Nvidia drivers, that are not yet present in Ubuntu repositories. They are correctly packed to install with DKMS.

If you need an updated Nvidia driver, the best way is to install it from that ppa.

But xorg-edgers ppa also contains other testing packages, that are not always good to install automatically.

That's why it is recommended after you install Nvidia drivers to run

 sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

It removes that repository from sources.list.d and prevents from installing other updates from there.


You can download an Ubuntu alternate iso then mount it. Go to the mounted iso directory and run the install script.


Gave up waiting for root device on Ubuntu 20.04

After couple of hours of searching, I found the solution to my problem. Answering the question myself so that whoever facing this issue finds a solution quickly.
With the BIOS being updated by windows updates, the settings of my BIOS had been restored the factory default settings. Since I had dual-booted the Ubuntu and Windows 10 both in a SSD drive, the SATA operation had to be changed from RAID to AHCI in the BIOS menu.

Go to your BIOS menu.
In the "Advanced" tab, go to the "SATA Configuration"
Select "AHCI" instead of "Intel RST Premium With Intel Optane System Acceleration"
Save Changes and Exit

If you boot into windows, the system should then repair startup automatically and start normally. Ubuntu was also working for me like previously.


Open a terminal and type:

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install -f

I think it will do the job...  :)


I'm using a Lenovo V570 also, and Ubuntu 11.10 (the 12.04 alpha also) and LinuxMint 12 (All 64bit) both set up EFI partitions for themselves automatically (In a 20mb FAT partition). Currently my hard drive (which is the one that came with the laptop is set up as follows - 20MB FAT (EFI system partition) - 30GB EXT4 (Root Partition) - 604GB EXT4 (Home Partition) - 6.4GB Swap Space (which is probably really excessive). All of this is under a GUID partition table, which wikipedia just told me is part of the EFI standard. My guess would be to boot into the live environment and with the disk utility change the partition table from msdos to GUID. I'm by no means an absolute authority in this matter but I hope this helps.


GNU Octave 4.0.0 - compiling from souce - error messages - your opinion?

I would install the following libraries for building the graphical interface and using the faster atlas library:

sudo apt-get install libqt4-dev libatlas-base-dev openjdk-7-jre openjdk-7-jdk libqrupdate-dev libqhull-dev

you also need to set up the java path in your .bashrc

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64


Wireless driver for Lenovo Ideapad Y700?

While I am not running dual-boot, I did install Ubuntu 16.04lts on my new Lenovo Ideapad Y700 (first thing I did after making a disk image), and wifi worked out of the box. I was a little surprised since I did research and expected to have to use a work-around as above. In fact, the only thing that didn't work is multi-touch on the touch-screen, but the touch-screen as single-touch works fine! (Though I have yet to try 3d acceleration.)

(Answer added to old question to show that Ubuntu 16.04LTS works without work-around, for others researching compatibility with this laptop before purchase.)


Try this:

Make a backup.
Test the backup.
If needed, install mdadm
Create a RAID 5 array with mdadm --create --level=5 missing /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1Adjust drives or partitions as needed.
Format the new array (mkfs -t ext2 /dev/mdx).
Copy all data to the new array. rsync -av --exclude-from=excludefile /source/ /destination/ might come in handy since you do not want to copy /dev/ :)
Setup your bootloaded (grub2?) to boot from the new array.
Reboot and test.
Add the old drive to the degraded array. This will fail if you have the drive in use at the time of adding. (So make sure it is not mounted from step 6, or reboot to a liveCD).


This is a seeming bug with Ubuntu server. The work around is to change to another virtual terminal (console).

Normally one would Ctrl+alt+F2

With vmware try

  CMD + OPT + CTL + F2

If F2 does not work , try F1 or F3


External monitor not detected by Ubuntu 19.04 after sleep

I had this same problem, and this post helped me!
Install laptop-mode-tools: sudo apt-get install laptop-mode-tools, open the UI, and enable Enable module video-out
That's it! It solved my problem!


Unresponsive gnome shell after restart using alt+F2 , r , enter

Boot to Recovery Mode from the GRUB Advanced Options menu.

At the # prompt, type:

sudo mount -o rw,remount / # remount the disk r/w

cd /home/your_username/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions # change directory

ls -al *workspace* # identify the Workspaces to Dock GNOME extension directory

sudo rm -r the_name_of_the_workspaces_extension # remove the GNOME extension

reboot # reboot the computer


With no support AT ALL from Dell; how can I update the Bios?

Dell do provide support, such as BIOS updates, even if you are running Linux. They do probably not provide application support though.

To know if you need an update, you have to check what version you are running (Press F2 during boot), and note down the version. Check this against the newest released version for your hardware on Dell's website.

Dell does indeed support updating the firmware from Ubuntu, as per their website, and they even have a separate page describing how to do it on Ubuntu.


How can I open an unpermitted folder in external HDD?

Check folder permissions with:

ls -l /folder/path | grep foldername

Result will be like that:

drwx------

First d is mean that this is a directory. rwx is mean access flags:

"r" : read allows the user to list the directory contents;

"w" : write allows the user to write, modify and delete files in this directory;

"x" : executing allows the user to enter into this directory;

"-" : flag is rest.

The first triple is relate to root, second to owner and third to other users.  To change access right you may use chmod utility.

chmod XXX /path/to/folder

where XXX determine wishful rights to set.

For make XXX you need to know that

0 mean reset

1 mean executing

2 mean writing

4 mean reading

Calculate XXX is very simple. It's just an addition of required rights. For instance if you need read and write access you need calculate 2+4=6. If you need all access 1+2+4=7.
So, chmode 754 is mean that:

root (7) have accesss to all (1+2+5=7)

owner (5) have access to execute and to read (1+4=5)

other users (4) have access only to read

Of cource, this utility must be executiong as root. So, use

sudo chmod XXX /path/to/folder


Creating .deb files has (at least) two advantages:

One is, that it's pretty easy to uninstall them using standard tools like apt-get or synaptic.

The other is, that by using .deb files, the AMD driver is added to DKMS list. This means, that the AMD drivers kernel module is always automatically reinstalled after every kernel update. When directly installing, I think (correct me if I'm wrong) that you have to reinstall the AMD driver after every kernel update manually.


Unable to mount external hard drive - Damaged file system and MFT

Here is a link to another resource that may be of help to you, in particular the section on trouble-shooting connectivity. :
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Mount/USB

It offers several options for narrowing down the issue, and potential causes, include interfering services, an unclean log-file, and improper user permissions, to name a few.

And this link to another post on the forum, goes through a process to repair an NTFS 500gb external hard drive filesystem, similar to your issue. They suggest running chkdsk /f on the drive in question on a Windows OS (as NTFS is primarily a Windows file-system, by my understanding). :
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1605850

Another post in the forum for resolving issues with NTFS externals and Ubuntu. :
How can I use Ubuntu to rescue files from an NTFS drive?

Amended:
according to this, some alternatives include Active@ UNERASER for DOS or Active@ File Recovery for Windows for serious MFT damage. Now, they are third-party software, so be fore-warned. I've never used the mentioned software, and make no claims to their functionality, but they are options you could explore.

Alternative:
Should the above not help you, this may help you. It is a link to a resource I suggested in another answer about backing up filesystem volumes, so that they can be reformatted. May be of use to you.

If none of the above solutions resolve you issue, this contains, among other things, links to commercial software you could explore as options. I've never used the listed software in those links, but I believe they are worth looking into, at least. If no free software has resolved your issue yet, then sometimes, you get what you pay for.


Intel Wireless AC 9462 not working w/ 18.04 LTS

I solved it. Here are the commands to enter in the terminal in order. Make sure you either have Ethernet or some external WiFi adapter to access the Internet. I used a USB WiFi Adapter I use for hacking. -

sudo apt update
sudo apt install git build-essential
git clone https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/iwlwifi/backport-iwlwifi.git
cd backport-iwlwifi/
make defconfig-iwlwifi-public
sed -i 's/CPTCFG_IWLMVM_VENDOR_CMDS=y/# CPTCFG_IWLMVM_VENDOR_CMDS is not set/' .config
make -j4
sudo make install
sudo modprobe iwlwifi


Ubuntu 12.04 - upgraded to PHP5.4 - error on PHP Suhosin

You can't - php5-suhosin wasn't available for PHP 5.4+ for a long time and thus the package was broken since PHP 5.4.  Suhosin upstream author has only recently updated suhosin to support PHP 5.4, but I am not going to prepare php5-suhosin package in my PPA since I don't think it's necessary with recent PHP releases.

And since you clearly don't remember why you had php5-suhosin installed I think you'll be fine without it.


The .wine folder is where everything "wine" is stored including settings and the emulated file system, the "virtual C." as you called it.

If you already deleted Wine then you can and should remove the whole .wine folder (unless you want to reinstall Wine later and keep the old settings and installed software).

No problems should occur by removing it.


It appears to be because Firefox does not release memory once it has taken it so that every page you have loaded up stays in memory.

As far as I know, there is only one way of dealing with this problem:

Close Firefox periodically down and relaunch it or try to use an alternative web browser until Firefox updated and issue disappeared


How to get a list of newly installed packages after time x without removed packages after time x?

It seems that dpkg doesn't show explicitly any information about installation dates of packages.

So, for a single run I would use something like the following one-liner:

cat /var/log/apt/history.log |perl -lne 'next unless /^Start-Date: ([^ ]+)/ && $1 ge "2015-04-26" .. 1; next unless /^(Install|Purge|Remove): (.*)$/; $c = $1; $s = $2; $s =~ s/\([^\)]*\)//g; @packages = map { /^(.*?):/ ? $1 : $_} split /\s*,\s*/, $s; if ($c=~/^Install$/){ $h{$_} = 1 for @packages;} if ($c=~/^(Purge|Remove)$/) {delete $h{$_} for @packages;} END{print for sort keys %h;}'

Start date (x_0) has been hard-coded in the command ("2015-04-26").

For time to time usage more suitable would be a stand-alone script, like this installed_packages.pl:

#!/usr/bin/perl

# use as follows:
# ./installed_packages.pl '2015-04-26' /var/log/apt/history.log
# or
# ./installed_packages.pl '2015-04-26 16:08:36' /var/log/apt/history.log

use strict;
use warnings;

# the script expects start date as first argument
my $START_DATE = shift @ARGV;

# hash (dict) to accumulate installed & not removed packages
my %installed;
# flag to mark the beginning of "interesting" period of time
my $start = 0;

# loop over lines from the input file
while (my $line = <>){
    # remove end-of-line character
    chomp $line;

    # skip everything until date becomes greater (or equal) than our x_0
    $start ||= $line =~ /^Start-Date: ([^ ]+)/ && $1 ge $START_DATE;
    next unless $start;

    # we're only interested in lines like
    # Install: tupi-data:amd64 (0.2+git02-3build1, automatic), tupi:amd64 (0.2+git02-3build1), libquazip0:amd64 (0.6.2-0ubuntu1, automatic)
    # or
    # Remove: aptitude-common:amd64 (0.6.8.2-1ubuntu4)
    # + separate action (install/remove/purge) from package list
    next unless $line =~ /^(Install|Purge|Remove): (.*)$/;
    my ($action, $packages_str) = ($1, $2);

    # remove versions from the list (they're in parentheses)
    $packages_str =~ s/\(.*?\)//g;

    # split single line into array of package names
    my @packages = split /\s*,\s*/, $packages_str;
    # remove architecture name (comes after ':')
    s/:.*// for @packages;

    # if packages have been installed, add them all to the hash (dict) of installed packages
    if ($action =~ /^Install$/ ){
        $installed{$_} = 1 for @packages;
    }

    # if packages have been removed, remove them all from the hash (dict) of installed packages
    if ($action =~ /^(Purge|Remove)$/) {
        delete $installed{$_} for @packages;
    }
}

# print all installed and not removed packages, in alphabetical order
for my $p ( sort keys %installed ){
    print "$p\n";
}

Usage:

./installed_packages.pl '2015-04-26' /var/log/apt/history.log

or

perl ./installed_packages.pl '2015-04-26' /var/log/apt/history.log

For frequent interactive use I'd add validation of script arguments (format of start date), implement -h switch to display short help, and possibly convert start date to named switch (--start).

Good luck!


Install applications and services without dist-upgrade

Is there anyway that i can install every latest application without upgrade my distribution?

No.

Well ... yes you can. You could install 12.10. Technically that is not a dist-upgrade ;) Backup your private files, format the disc and install 12.10 as a brand new installation.

  If not, then why i can't do that?

Because the repositories for a release do not have the software that is not for newer releases (backports excluded). To get the software for 12.10 you need to change the resources list and have it point to the 12.10 repositories. What in effect is a distribution upgrade.

If you want a setup where you can do this you need to find a linux flavour that supports a roling release. Examples: Debian unstable, Sabayon Linux, Calculate Linux, Funtoo Linux (all based on Gentoo Linux), Arch Hurd, ArchBang, CTKArch, KahelOS, and Parabola GNU/Linux (all based on Arch Linux),  Arch Linux, Gentoo Linux, rPath Linux, and Yoper Linux.

1 additional comment:

As of 13.04 this is going to change: archive.ubuntu.com will get a symlink always pointing to the current development release. So basically, users will be able to always use the current Ubuntu development release without having to upgrade.


Did you already try the following.

  ...try enabling the “Use system keyboard layout” option under the
  “Advanced” tab in the IBus Preferences.

Hint from http://tots.1o24.org/how-to-stop-ibus-from-removing-your-xmodmap-mappings/


How to delete shortcut in notification bar (metacity)

Press Alt and then right click on top panel, this function should let you edit items on top panel.


cannot ccompile the basic opencv cpp program

Well, the error message is pretty clear, right?

fatal error: opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp: No such file or directory

You'll have to install the development package of opencv-highgui (libopencv-highgui-dev) in order to install the required opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp header file.

Rather than providing you fish, here's teaching you how to fish (similar to https://askubuntu.com/a/219539/88802).

Determine the missing file. In this case: highgui.hpp
Search for what package provides the file, e.g. via http://packages.ubuntu.com or using apt-file.

In this case: http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?searchon=contents&keywords=highgui.hpp&mode=exactfilename&suite=trusty&arch=any
Install the package providing the file. In this case:

sudo apt-get install libopencv-highgui-dev

Recompile.


How do I fetch a specific package version from a repository?

It seems as though using apt-get install php5=5.6.* to match the version number solves the problem.

Looking on launchpad, version 4.6.8 no longer exists, only version 4.6.9 exists.

Similarly, the ppa:git-core/ppa PPA on launchpad only contains versions 2.4.2 and 2.3.7. It seems as though the latest patch release of each minor version is kept.

Using this meaning I can tie the install to a particular minor release, while still receiving patch updates.


Smallest Ubuntu server self-contained installable .iso for development

You can have a look at the Ubuntu Mini Remix.

  Ubuntu Mini Remix is a fully working Ubuntu livecd containing only the
  minimal set of software to make the system work. Ubuntu Mini Remix ISO
  image is around 200MB.


Do sudo umount /home/Desktop to undo what you did (or wherever you mounted it, I believe you probably meant /home/<yourusername>/Desktop).

Do mkdir ~/Desktop/SharedFolder then sudo mount -t vboxsf shared ~/Desktop/SharedFolder to mount it.


Difference between dconf power settings and Upower.conf?

/etc/UPower/UPower.conf

takes precedence. Gnome moved from using org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power for some of the options to this file so UPower.conf is a newer approach.

The file even claims users should not need to edit the file. So if you need to make changes to /etc/UPower/UPower.conf to make something work do consider this a bug that needs to be reported as it should affect every user that uses the same hardware.


How do I install Ubuntu on an Asus EeePc t91mt

Had the same problem (just got a t91mt for my wife).  Here is the solution:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupportComponentsVideoCardsPoulsbo#Post_installation

Basically the GMA500 driver does NOT like the splash screen when loading, so you must disable that.  Might be other fixes, but this ones easy and it's not like the splash screen is worth much.

You want to do Options 1 and 2,
and use:
1)Switch to a console - Ctrl-Alt-F1
2)Restart X with 'sudo service lightdm restart'
to be able to get to the gui to fix the problem

Also- just a suggestion, Ubuntu still ran pretty slow at bit glitchy.  We have found that Lubuntu works much better for the t91mt


How can I make apt-get upgrade the kernel, similarly to aptitude?

open your terminal and type this

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


Sound Troubles with 12.04 on Dell Latitude D420

Along the Ubuntu Desktop at the top near the system clock, Click on Sound Icon and then select sound settings, and then select the Speakers (Built in Audio) and make sure you raise the Output sound volume..


How do I change my keyboard layout while using xmonad?

Here is one way to connect XMonad and multiple keyboard layouts.

Step 1. Create a script that will switch between your layouts. For the sake of example, let's say we will support English (US), Italian and French.

/home/you/bin/layout_switch.sh:

#!/bin/zsh
# LICENSE: PUBLIC DOMAIN
# switch between my layouts

# If an explicit layout is provided as an argument, use it. Otherwise, select the next layout from
# the set [us, it, fr].
if [[ -n "$1" ]]; then
    setxkbmap $1
else
    layout=$(setxkbmap -query | awk 'END{print $2}')
    case $layout in
        us)
                setxkbmap it
            ;;
        it)
                setxkbmap fr
            ;;
        *)
                setxkbmap us
            ;;
    esac
fi

Test this script - run it and see if the keyboard layout cycles between the layouts. If it does, proceed to the next step.

Step 2. Customize XMonad settings to support custom key binding that will switch the layout.

In your home directory, create a directory named ".xmonad" (if it does not exist).

/home/you/.xmonad/xmonad.hs:

import XMonad
import XMonad.Hooks.DynamicLog
import XMonad.Hooks.ManageDocks
import XMonad.Util.Run(spawnPipe)
import XMonad.Util.EZConfig(additionalKeys)
import System.IO

main = do
  xmonad $ defaultConfig
     {
        terminal = "gnome-terminal"
     } `additionalKeys`
     [ (( mod1Mask             , xK_Escape), spawn "/home/you/bin/layout_switch.sh")
     ]

Now, restart XMonad by pressing Mod+q. Your layout switcher should be fully functional.

Reference: http://zuttobenkyou.wordpress.com/tag/setxkbmap/


Authenticating error with ubuntu 14.04 LTS

I was using special characters in my password. It seems there was problem with them. I chose a new password without special characters and the problem got fixed.


sudo apt-get update

is command to update the repository (software source).

sudo apt-get upgrade

is command to upgrade all of your installed software.


Icon theme doesn't affect some Qt-applications

Gconf and Dconf settings

A lot of QT applications will query GNOME's configuration databases for the icon theme settings. Under some circumstances there might be a discrepancy between the icon theme in use and the corresponding GNOME setting.

So to change the icons you might have to set the corresponding Gconf and Dconf keys first. You can do so with the following commands (replace Faenza-Dark with your icon theme of choice):

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface icon-theme Faenza-Dark

and

gconftool-2 --type=string --set "/desktop/gnome/interface/icon_theme" "Faenza-Dark"

It might take a relog to see the changes.

The theme names correspond with their basename in the filesystem. It doesn't matter where the theme is located. Be it /usr/share/icons/AskUbuntu, ~/.icons/AskUbuntu or ~/.local/share/icons/AskUbuntu, in each case the Gconf/Dconf name will be AskUbuntu.

Note

This fix will not work for all QT applications out there. Some, e.g. Clementine, have turned out to be very resilient and - as much as you might try - just won't change their icon theme. That's likely due to issues with how these applications detect the system theme. In other cases (e.g. Skype) the icons might be hard-coded into the binary and impossible to change.

References

https://github.com/linuxmint/Cinnamon/issues/1793

http://forums.fedoraforum.org/showpost.php?p=1453006&postcount=19

http://slackbuilds.org/repository/11.0/desktop/tango-icon-theme/

How to change desktop theme periodically


dual boot problem Ubuntu14.04 and Windows 7 - windows won't start

Sometimes the Grub-loader file gets corrupted. if the files goes missing, the BIOS will not be able to find where the Os is in the hard-disk. which i know is very embarrassing and occurs very frequently.. try a windows repair cd. And things should be fine once again (at least for windows).. Good luck..


How do I batch copy files sequentially from one folder to another?

If the files are in lexicographic order, the simplest way is:

cp * /path/to/player

If you use a loop-based approach, be sure to quote the variables ("$i") to handle filenames with spaces.


How can you change the user icon in sddm

If you want sddm to display the user icon from ~/.face, all you need to do is change the permissions of ~/.face. (Your question indicates that you have the symlink ~/.face.icon already.) Your steps would be:

chmod 666 ~/.face

or

chmod o+rw ~/.face

To see the effect immediately, you can restart sddm:

sudo systemctl restart sddm.service

I ran that last command from an ssh session while the computer was on the login screen. After changing the file permissions and restarting ssdm, the correct icon was displayed for the user.


PHP script not executing on Apache server

Typing:

sudo apt-get install apache2 php5 libapache2-mod-php5

will install everything you need and will start the apache server with support for PHP.

To verify that the php module is loaded, type:

a2query -m php5

if not enabled, then load with:

sudo a2enmod php5

and restart apache:

sudo service apache2 restart

Update for php7.x (tested on Ubuntu 16.04, 16.10, 18.04, 18.10)

Thanks to the comments, I update the answer for php7.x.

Install:

sudo apt-get install apache2 php7.x libapache2-mod-php7.x

Verify:

a2query -m php7.x

Load:

sudo a2enmod php7.x

Restart apache:

sudo service apache2 restart


How to make Nautilus name column display at the width of the longest filename

It is possible to set list view as default, and also select desired zoom level with:

nautilus-file-management-properties


Where can I find the Nautilus default icons?

The icons you seek are called 'go-previous.svg' and 'go-next.svg' and are located in /usr/share/icons/Humanity/actions.


This is normal. This would happen if you have logged in as a standard user and not as an Administrative user. Standard users don't have access to apply settings system-wide.


Dual-Boot Ubuntu 14.04 and Windows 7 on FakeRAID Installation error - question marks "????..."

Here's the issue:

dmraid was replaced by mdadm for handling FakeRAID in Ubuntu 14.04.

Here's the solution:

Boot the installation disk and choose Try Ubuntu.
Connect to the internet. (crucial step, you need to install from the repository.)
Open terminal and type the following:

sudo dmraid -a n
sudo apt-get install mdadm

This will disable dmraid and install mdadm.
You will be prompted with postfix configuration, chose No Configuration.
To automatically recognize your FakeRAID, run:

sudo mdadm --assemble --scan

Run the installer.
Choose Install Ubuntu.
Choose to partition manually and create an EXT4 partition mounted as \ and a SWAP partition.
When choosing where to write the Boot-Loader, Choose the volume mounted as "/".
Proceed with the installation. Note: The installer will fail to write GRUB.
Reboot the installation disk and choose Try Ubuntu again.
Connect to the internet.
Install Boot Repair and run it. It will guide you on fixing the boot loader and rewriting GRUB.

This might be long, but it worked for me. I now have Windows 7 and Ubuntu 14.04 in dual boot configuration.


I think what you want is readlink:

readlink -f java

To find this, I asked which manual page might by appropriate for symbolic links.

apropos "symbolic link"

It returned a reference to readlink, so I used the manual:

man readlink

I read the manual page:

  -f, --canonicalize
        canonicalize by following every symlink in every component of the given name recursively; all but the last component must exist

Is this what you are looking for?


Move firefox 13 menu bar to global menu bar in Unity

How did you install Firefox? I'm using Firefox 13 on Ubuntu 12.04 and the menu bar appears on Unity (this is called "global menu bar"). This is done with an addon called firefox-globalmenu. If you somehow installed Firefox from a non-ubuntu package, that may be the problem.

You can try opening a terminal and typing

sudo apt-get install firefox-globalmenu

this will either install the package or tell you that it's already installed.


First of all, you have to make a bootable pendrive (https://www.balena.io/etcher/) with a windows iso file. Plug it in, restart the computer, get into the BIOS, change the boot order to the pendrive, save and exit. After that the computer should restart and the windows installer will shows up.


How to write, and use, a text batch command file

There are no "batch" files in the unix-like world. We use scripts containing "she-bangs". To make a script like this, open up a text editor (like Leafpad) and start with a line like this:

#!/path/to/interpreter

Where /path/to/interpreter is the location of the binary that will be used to interpret your script. In Linux we usually use "bash" (Bourne Again SHell), an "evolution" of the good ol' Bourne Shell. What bash does is basically running binaries with arguments specified in the script from paths included in the PATH environment variable (it usually includes /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin and others).

But you can also use other interpreters such as Python, Perl, Ruby, sh, csh, zsh, dash, ksh, besides tons of options.

Below the she-bang comes your script. In your specific case, to run the specified commands, we can use bash, in a script like this:

#!/bin/bash

# the line above sets bash as the interpreter

# note that "sudo" is not required here because we will run the script as super user later.

apt-get update
# updates APT repositories

apt-get upgrade
# check for software upgrades and upgrade them

apt-get autoremove
# remove obsolete packages

apt-get autoclean
# remove stored .deb files

apt-get check
# update package cache and check for broken dependencies

Now save your file. There is no need for an extension, but for symbolic reasons, name it with a .sh extension. We'll run the script as super user, so there's no need to change file permissions.

Open a terminal and cd to the path where you saved your script. Let's say you saved it as script.sh. Run the following command:

chmod +x script.sh

chmod means "change mode", and is used to change who can do what with your script. +x adds the execute permission for all users, which allows anyone to run the script as though it's any other program. I won't go into a full list of what all the different permissions mean, but this question summarises them fairly well. After that, you can type:

sudo ./script.sh

Don't forget the ./ part and don't leave any spaces between the ., the / and the s. The sudo command will run ./script.sh with root privileges, so your password will be required (you have to be the system admin, of course).


sudo apt-get remove timidity
sudo shutdown now -r

That's all, problem solved.


How do I add a Device Kit to an existing project

With your project opened in Qt Creator, select the Projects tab on the left-hand side.  This will give you several tabs across the top.  Build & Run should already be selected.  Just under this there is an Add Kit button.  Click it, and a list of kits you can add to the current project will drop down.  Select the one you want to add, and you should be all set.


Is there a way to add Mozilla Thunderbird to the messaging menu?

You want the Mozilla Notification Extensions, aka messagingmenu-extension.

But it will not delete the evolution entry, to do that you need to remove /usr/share/indicators/messages/applications/evolution

The upstream source for the addon is available on Launchpad if you care to inspect it.

Related:

How can I remove "Set Up Mail" and other entries from the message indicator?


I cannot type a lowercase letter K in Ubuntu Mate on Lenovo P50

This should be classified as "user error", but it may be worth noting what happened:

I transferred an .XCompose file from another machine and it became corrupted in the process. This caused a broken key configuration to get bound to 'k'
I thought that it was necessary to invoke the command export GTK_IM_MODULE="xim" to activate a user-defined .XCompose file, because this was once the case in Gnome. Therefore, during debugging I though I'd disabled the user-defined key bindings by removing this command from .gnomerc, but had not. This lead me to (erroneously) believe something more complicated was happening.

Similar errors in the future could be avoided by having X validate the ~/.XCompose and rejecting incorrectly formatted key-bindings.


You can also use the command-line of libreoffice for your purpose. That gives you the advantage of batch conversion. But single files are also possible. This example converts all ODT files in the current directory to PDF:

libreoffice --headless --convert-to pdf *.odt

Get more information on command-line options with:

man libreoffice


Since the "oldnames" appear to be lexically ordered, and assuming that the "newnames" are arranged one per line in a text file (i.e. can't contain newlines) then you should be able to use a simple for loop / shell glob like
for oldname in bcf*/; do
  IFS= read -r newname || break
  echo mv --no-clobber -- "$oldname" "$newname"
done < list_of_newnames

For each oldname, this reads a line from file list_of_newnames via stdin and assigns it to newname in order to use it with the subsequent mv command. The || break just causes the loop to exit gracefully in the case where read fails (because there are fewer lines in list_of_newnames than directories matching bcf*/ for example).
The IFS= assignment and -r option are probably not essential here but allow newnames with backslash characters and possible leading whitespace.
Remove the echo once you are satisfied that it is doing the right thing.


how to configure two Nic for dns & resolv.conf &how to eth0 DNS forwards to eth1 & gw

If I understand what you're trying to do, you need to install a couple of things:

sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server resolvconf #also possibly 'radvd'

Enabling traffic through you machine (IPv4):
Ok, now let's change a setting:

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

Delete the # from the start of the line #net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 and press Ctrl x, then y to save.

Run sudo sysctl -p.

Set address for LAN interface (IPv4):
Unless you are 'Computer Sciences Corporation', you should not be using 20.x.x.x addresses. You could use any of the following private addresses ranges instead: 10.x.x.x, 192.168.x.x, or the range 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 (aka 172.16.0.0/12 or 172.16.0.0 with netmask 255.240.0.0). Run

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

Delete the gateway line. This computer is the gateway for the connection, so you do not set a gateway for this interface. Other computers will have this computer's address as their gateway. Change the address line to address 10.0.0.1. Change the broadcast line to broadcast 10.0.0.255. Press Ctrl x, then y to save.

Set DNS server (IPv4 and/or IPv6):
Run

sudo nano /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head

(ignore the scary warning. /etc/resolv.conf is autogenerated, so the warning is in the  /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head file so it will get put at the top of /etc/resolv.conf when /etc/resolv.conf is generated.) To the end of the file, add

 nameserver <ip_of_nameserver>

Press Ctrl x and answer yes to saving the file. To finish up, regenerate /etc/resolv.conf so the changes are applied right now:

 sudo resolvconf -u

Set up NAT (IPv4)(shudder):
Enable UFW:

sudo ufw enable

Make a persistent NAT rule that is restored at boot by UFW:

sudo nano /etc/ufw/before.rules

Add the line -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE after the line *nat. Press Ctrl x, then y to save.

Give out addresses (IPv4):
Let's edit some files:

sudo nano /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/default/dhcp3-server

To the first file, add the following:

subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.254;
  option routers 10.0.0.1;
  option domain-name-servers <dns_server>;
}

Press Ctrl x, then y to save. In the next file, edit the line INTERFACES="" to say INTERFACES="eth1". Press Ctrl x, then y to save. To start the address handing out daemon, run

sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server start


Can I download .deb packages with their dependencies automatically?

If you can download the .deb files to your phone, and transfer them to the computer via USB cable, you can use tethering to let Ubuntu download directly using the same data connection your phone uses to download the .deb package files.  Then dependencies will be automatically filled.

The downside of this is that you'll use (a little) more cellular data -- the upside is that you'll save loads of time and you can be sure stuff is working while your computer is (temporarily) connected to the Internet.


Dvd md5 same as iso, sha1 and sha256 not

the 3 terminal codes are the right ones to get the hashes.
if you verify the hashes with them it is impossible for 1 hash to match and the others not to.

2.they didn't match because i used the md5 checking code correct but for the other two i used: sha1sum dev/cdrom and sha256sum dev/cdrom.
I checked the dvd again with the correct terminal commands and they all matched


The file list for todotxt-cli at http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/all/todotxt-cli/filelist includes /usr/bin/todo-txt, therefore you should run todo-txt in the terminal instead.


Can't upgrade from 12.10 to 14.04 / Can't access the BIOS for clean install

So I solved my problem though I still have no idea what the problem was or how the issue was solved technically. I disassembled my laptop, checked the components, checked the hard drive on another machine to make a new backup and put everything back together. I started the machine up again not expecting any change but the Samsung logo screen showed. I clicked F2 and was able to access the BIOS, used a live-usb to install 14.04 and everything works now.


Touchpad not working and boot screen says 'Ubuntu Kylin' after upgrading to 14.04

My issue has been fixed. Putting this answer here for visitors from the future.

To remove Ubuntu Kylin. I did following :

Remove everything kylin

sudo apt-get purge ubuntukylin-theme ubuntukylin*
Change the default plymouth in alternatives

sudo update-alternatives --config default.plymouth
To fix theme and icon pack

sudo update-initramfs -u
Remove grub background

sudo update-grub
In software center remove things that are related to Kylin from your system.

To fix touch pad:

Upon checking in the software updates I noticed that upon updating most of my software resources have been disabled. So, I enabled them. Then did following:

Search for 'Synaptic' in the software center
Click "show technical items" in the bottom
Install everything that is related to touchpad, input or trusty (i.e. your Ubuntu version  name)

Hope that helps you dear visitor.


symbol lookup error: a conceptual questioning

Since the ldd output found libraries in /usr/local/lib, this may be some leftovers of self-compiled gstreamer libs. They may or may not be binary compatible to the system gstreamer libs, and that might be the problem.
So, for the time being, try to move away /usr/local/lib (or /usr/local entirely) and try again:
sudo mv /usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib.old

Now rebuild the linker cache for good measure:
sudo ldconfig

and now try again to run those applications.

Also, that path /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgstaudio-1.0.so.0 looks fishy to me; that should be /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgstaudio-1.0.so.0. Please check if maybe that's a broken symbolic link:
cd /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
file * | grep broken

If there is no broken symlink, the output will be empty; otherwise each line listed is a broken symlink.
HTH


Capture moving images with multiple webcams

Trying out the suggestion from AbrahamVanHelpsing was good. Zoneminder which already comes in Ubuntu did work but after several minutes of configuration it was set up. Bad thing is, it did not detect one of the webcams, it only threw a black screen when probing it. Anyway it is recommended to use this one as it is more robust that motion.

Install it with sudo apt-get install zoneminder. Configuration information is in their website.

But after messing around with it I went back to motion because I felt it was strange that a app called MOTION did not have an option for multiple webcams. I was right.

Just in case, to install motion is as easy as sudo apt-get install motion

Now in the /etc/motion/motion.conf file the LAST options are for multiple webcams:

##############################################################
# Thread config files - One for each camera.
# Except if only one camera - You only need this config file.
# If you have more than one camera you MUST define one thread
# config file for each camera in addition to this config file.
##############################################################

# Remember: If you have more than one camera you must have one
# thread file for each camera. E.g. 2 cameras requires 3 files:
# This motion.conf file AND thread1.conf and thread2.conf.
# Only put the options that are unique to each camera in the
# thread config files.
; thread /usr/local/etc/thread1.conf
; thread /usr/local/etc/thread2.conf
; thread /usr/local/etc/thread3.conf
; thread /usr/local/etc/thread4.conf

So I edited the last lines so it looked like this:

thread /etc/motion/thread1.conf
thread /etc/motion/thread2.conf
; thread /usr/local/etc/thread3.conf
; thread /usr/local/etc/thread4.conf

Note that I changed the folder location since there is no thread.conf files in /usr/local/etc. They are found in the same place as motion.conf.

After that I had to go to each thread.conf file and change it to what I needed. There are 3 options that should be edited:

videodevice - Should be set to the /dev your webcam is using. To find out simply type find /dev -name video* in the terminal. It should show you the webcams you have. In my case it was video0 and video1.

input - This should be set to 8 if you are going to use a webcam, else use 1 if you are using a TV Card.

target_dir - It should be set to where you want the captured images to go.

Lastly all other options are in the motion.conf file like web server, amount of capture images when movement is detected, etc..

After that run motion with sudo sudo motion to start capturing.


How to compile all the tex files in a directory

You can do it with for command

for f in *.tex; do pdflatex $f; done

I find this syntax easier to remember than find.

Regarding deleting auxiliary files consider using latexmk -c -pdf or latexmk -C -pdf instead of pdflatex. latexmk is latex make, which builds only the files that need to be built. I am not sure, which auxiliary files get deleted exactly, but I think most of them will be deleted with -c or -C switch.

for f in *.tex; do latexmk -C -pdf $f; done

According to manual it should also work like this

latexmk -C -pdf *.tex

Another option would be to delete files manually after the processing is done. That would be accomplished like this:

for f in *.tex; do pdflatex $f; done; rm *.bak *.log *.aux *.out *.bib

I am not sure if this still qualifies for a oneliner.


What is a good alternative to a discontinued version of Mikogo

According to ArchLinux AUR this software is still can be installed.
So you still can install using commands below:
sudo apt-get install libc6:i386 libxfixes3:i386 libxtst6:i386 libsm6:i386 libxrender1:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libstdc++6:i386 libglu1-mesa:i386

cd ~/Downloads
wget http://download.mikogo4.com/mikogo.tar.gz
tar -xf mikogo.tar.gz

sudo mkdir -p -m 0755 /usr/local/bin
sudo install -m 0755 mikogo4.5/mikogo /usr/local/bin/
sudo install -m 0755 mikogo4.5/sessionplayer /usr/local/bin/

Note: I have tested the installation method above on Ubuntu MATE 20.04 LTS which ran using Xorg.


The computer is very good to run Ubuntu.
And no, you don't need to buy more CD's. one is enought. Ubuntu is open source.


Adding Gtk+ app to launcher upon installation

You should create a .desktop file, and install it in /usr/share/applications (or ~/.local/share/applications or more generally $datadir/applications).

Study the contents of /usr/share/applications and read Recognized desktop entry keys.


dell vostro laptop, ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS, touchpad not working

So, I found the solution here in the links posted above by @guiverc.
So system update to kernel 4.15.0-72-generic made the synaptic touchpad unresponsive. So for the time being you can do one of the two things ,  you can either reboot your system with kernel 4.5.0-70-generic or follow the solution at this link
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1854798/comments/11

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mapengyu/bionic-oem

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt install linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-73-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-73-generic linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-73-generic

and do a system restart after the above


How do I install ALL development libraries?

Run this:

apt-cache search dev|grep "\-dev"|cut -d' ' -f1|sort > available-devs.txt

It will create the file available-devs.txt with a list of all available -dev packges in the archive (and within any PPAs or other archives you have added). You can then go and install them all. You can't install them all at the same time, as there are more package names than allowable program arguments in a POSIX system, so you'll have to install some bit by bit. Also, if you really want to install all of them, I hope you have a very large storage system for your main OS partition.

Also, that only grabs the ones for the arch you're currently on, I think. To install both i386 and x86_64 versions on a 64-bit Ubuntu install, you'd need even more space, and have to install a lot more of the same, with :i386 appended to the package name. But not all libraries in the archive are set up for MultiArch support yet.


Ubuntu 20.04 logo checking disk live ISO

UBUNTU 20.04

the live iso uses the file initrd which is inside casper directory.

this initrd file has the plymouth theme inside it, this is used for booting live iso. you can extract the contents and see what is being used for plymouth or any other config.

copy the initrd file to new directory.. and run

unmkinitramfs initrd .

So Editing the Plymouth contents as you wish and then recompile the new initrd file say myinitrd and use it to boot live iso instead of standard initrd file.

how to recompile the initrd to say myinitrd is a big task for me, I have offered two bounties in stackoverflow and unix & linux

Finally I got the answer from a smart person.. https://superuser.com/q/1556241/976939

the script is something like this..

#!/bin/bash

#mkdir 18
#unmkinitramfs initrd $HOME/18

# start with an empty file
touch $HOME/myinitrd

# Add the first microcode firmware
cd $HOME/18/early
find . -print0 | cpio --null --create --format=newc > $HOME/myinitrd

# Add the second microcode firmware
cd $HOME/18/early2
find kernel -print0 | cpio --null --create --format=newc >> $HOME/myinitrd

# Add the actual ram fs file system
cd $HOME/18/main
find . | cpio --create --format=newc | xz --format=lzma >> $HOME/myinitrd

# verify both initrds are the same
# binwalk $HOME/myinitrd
# binwalk $HOME/initrd

I confirm that using this method I have successfully customized the live iso Plymouth theme for the Ubuntu 20.04 ISO.


I just ran into this problem on Pop!_OS 18.04, trying to upgrade to 18.10, and it turns out that the problem lay in the symlink for /usr/bin/python and not for /usr/bin/python3. I had had /usr/bin/python3.6 configured as an alternative for python (not python3), and when I changed this, then I could run do-release-upgrade as expected.

I wish the error message pointed to python and not python3.

Before, with the problem:

$ update-alternatives --display python
python - manual mode
  link best version is /usr/bin/python3.6
  link currently points to /usr/bin/python2.7
  link python is /usr/bin/python
/usr/bin/python2.7 - priority 1
/usr/bin/python3.6 - priority 2

I fixed it this way:

$ sudo update-alternatives --remove-all python
$ sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

Also see this comment below which describes a more precise solution that also better explains what is going on and how to fix it.


Ubuntu dual-boot with windows 10 - unable to set grub as bootloader

Both the Ubuntu on the hard drive in the machine and on the external I have mounted at this moment use the shimx64.efi to load their installs. Perhaps using this will get you a result in loading it.
root@zeus-H370M:~# efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0004
Timeout: 2 seconds
BootOrder: 0004,0005,0006
Boot0004* ubuntu    HD(1,GPT,9fad4e77-177d-4a3c-929a-3897e6bc1810,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\UBUNTU\SHIMX64.EFI)
Boot0005* UEFI OS   HD(1,GPT,f2d84cb4-e597-4ac4-a2b2-10f0351c8784,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\BOOT\BOOTX64.EFI)..BO
Boot0006* ubuntu    HD(1,GPT,91bafbe5-ebd9-452a-8e0a-c661d1ea976e,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\Ubuntu\shimx64.efi)..BO
root@zeus-H370M:~# cat /etc/os-release | grep PRETTY
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS"


Ubuntu Only shows 2.7 GB of ram, I have 4 GB!

If you're sure about the 64 bit version,skip to the next part.
To check this, open a terminal and type,

uname -m

If your system is a 64 bit one, it will show
"x86_64"
if its 32 bit it might show something like "i686" or similar.

Once you're satisfied with the version,  PLz check if your system uses "Shared Memory" for PCIe (display Adapter). If its configurable, you can free up some from the BIOS so your physical memory will increase. If its not the case(shared memory), another common reason might be PAE.

You can follow the steps in this community guide to enable PAE.
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PAE

Hope this helps.


Ubuntu 16.04.1 unable to connect with the ubuntu archive

My German is bad, so I will answer in English. (ich bin ein anvanger)
Have you confirmed it exists? I had a quick look and I cannot find it.
The archive sites do change and disappear.
You can point your repositories to another archive server.
If you have synaptic package manager installed, fire it up and go over to repositories and untick that archive server.
Also instead of using regional servers, switch to main server, and try again.
If that works for you, choose the next closest regional server.

Hope this helps


Recently installed ubuntu can hear myself through microphone

Go to your sound settings and mute the microphone input.


gnome-tweak-tool is missing the window option

The Window theme setting was removed because it's not needed in GNOME any more. The window theme is now controlled by the GTK+ theme.


Oh well, always the way. I think I've fixed it.
I got onto the cups interface via the web browser and started adding printers using different drivers. The cups-gutenprint driver for the mg6100 seems to work.

Thanks for listening.


xkill typically wouldn't delete files -- it only terminates a process. You may have ran xkill on your file manager window, which would have terminated the file manager (you can always start it again, this is temporary) but it would not have deleted any files.

Just to clarify, a file manager is a program that lets you view your files, often graphically (as opposed to doing it in the terminal with cd, ls, etc.). Terminating the file manager with xkill would be similar to clicking the "X" button on the top of Windows Explorer (on Windows) or Finder (on Mac) for example -- it doesn't actually delete your files.

I'm assuming that you ran xkill on your file manager because it doesn't make sense to say that you ran xkill on a directory or file -- it can only operate on a process like a file manager. If you meant something else, please clarify and I'll try to help.


Why SSH on Ubuntu 18.04 is suddenly defaulting to the diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 key-exchange algorithm?

Honestly, this sounds like something changed in PuTTY (upgrade or whatnot).

PuTTY is warning that the server is offering a weak key exchange method.  Since the client will choose the highest method it supports, I don't really see the danger here.

You're probably getting access denied because the PuTTY is aborting the key exchange process and the server won't allow you to login with a password.

I'd recommend dumping PuTTY completely and installing Ubuntu under WSL on your laptop. Then you'll have a full featured OpenSSH client.   You can then do an ssh with -vvvv and see exactly what is being negotiated/exhanged.

EDIT:  One thing you might want to verify is that you're actually connecting to the right IP address?  Or that some other device isn't using the same IP as the Ubuntu server.  As per further research that option shouldn't be offerred by the Ubuntu server since 16.04.


Unable to install wifi drivers in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

I have the same problem:
My result:

03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Qualcomm Atheros Device [168c:0042] (rev 30)
    Subsystem: Lite-On Communications Inc Device [11ad:0806]
    Kernel driver in use: ath10k_pci


installing ubuntu replacing windows 7 on my pc

First of all, you have the freedom to dual boot your machine (Meaning running two or more operating systems). At the start of the ubuntu installation,you will be asked whether you want ubuntu to run along side windows (Dual boot) or run ubuntu as your sole OS. If you want to replace Windows 7 with ubuntu,I would back up all Music,pictures, and important data to an external source. As this WILL ERASE everything on your HDD.

Second, I would not worry about drivers. At installation, you will need internet. You can plug in an ethernet, or if you don't have an ethernet cable there is a workaround I found to be useful. At boot of the media you have ubuntu on select "Try Ubuntu" and try it out for a while. Under "System settings" select "Additional drivers" and click activate. when it's done activating. close out and double click "Install ubuntu".

At the installation prompt I would tick "Install updates" and "Install codecs" so you can play Mp3 filesand grab ALL drivers you need.

Welcome to ubuntu and enjoy, if you need more assistance we are all here, and happy to help.

-FoxyRK9


If it a graphical program, it will be in your menu. If it is a command line application just type the command in your terminal.

To find the location, type

which <command>

Linux organized the file system different then Windows, so packages put files in a range of locations.

See


Lightning & nextcloud: e-mail sheduling invitations for meetings&tasks

Okay. The linked e-mailaddress b@othermailaddress.com is the one in your nexctcloud settings of your nextcloud user linked with your lightning-calendar.

////
the "prefer client-side email scheduling" checkbox is only additional. In my case it sent out the invitation e-mail twice, from both mailaddresses. So I unchecked it and went with the invitation function of my nextcloud.

Sidenote: However, this is - from a security point of view - not the best solution, because the reciever gets to know an non required information: A possible username for a possible nextcloud.


Compressing folder without using additional space on the drive

You can give a command to compress to stdout over ssh and redirect stdout localy to a file. Something like:
ssh user@host "tar c /path/to/mydir | gzip -f" > myarchive.tar.gz

In case you want to exclude some files/directories use command like:
ssh user@host "tar c --exclude='/path/to/mydir/temp' --exclude='/path/to/mydir/cache/*' /path/to/mydir | gzip -f" > myarchive.tar.gz

This way you won't find temp folder in your archive. You will find cache folder but it will be empty.


Black sceen with nvidia drivers on Ubuntu 14.04 (NVIDIA GTX1050 ti notebook)

I assume you tried this - which is the one and only way of installing nvidia drivers on ubuntu:

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install dkms ppa-purge
sudo apt-get install nvidia-381

If still no luck I strongly suggest to try Ubuntu 16.04 and apply the same process of installing driver.

In all these cases secure boot MUST be disabled.


How do I rename a volume in the Disks utility - in 18.04?

To change the filesystem label do the following:

Open GNOME Disks (gnome-disks)
Select partition with mouse
Unmount it by clicking on Unmount selected partition ()
Click on Additional partition options ()
Select Edit filesystem

Specify the Label
Click Change
Enjoy!


Are you sure you run Unity? Ubuntu runs gnome instead of Unity since 17.10. One of the consequence is that the top menu is no longer.

I think you can still install Unity (package ubuntu-unity-desktop) in 18.10.

BTW gnome is moving away from menus towards "hamburger" buttons, or so it seems src.

If an app doesn't implement the new hamburger button, it will still show the top menu in the window (like in MS Windows), e.g. the gnome-terminal:


Install ubuntuon UEFI mode on hp h8-1360t

I'm using the exact same model(h8-1360t) which came with Windows 7 x64 and just installed Ubuntu 12.10 Desktop edition and writing here from it.

For the installation, I did not do anything specific, just downloaded the Ubuntu 12.10 ISO, burnt it on DVD, and then booted from the DVD and installed it.

Just something different from the original setup was that I used a HDD that was left over from other things, did a clean install to it, but disattached the other HDD's that I wasn't going to use in this setup.

I have not installed any special drivers to make the graphics better to have something like the wobbly dialogs so its just a normal install of Ubuntu 12.10.


I finally figured it out. Apparently adding "{config: disabled}" to the file "99-disable-network-config.cfg" is not all there's to do. The default file in /etc/netplan still exists and is merged during "sudo netplan apply", hence my static and DHCP address. Once I deleted the default file, all is good.
Hope this helps someone.


No trim necessary or possible on a Ubuntu 19.10 with ZFS?

ZFS in Ubuntu 19.10 has support for trim, but I don't believe it's done by default by the periodic script/task scheduler (cron or systemd). You should either create one, or call zpool trim [pool-name], and I believe there is a property where you can set autotrim, but I haven't investigated that personally. See autotrim=on|off in the zpool(8) manpage.


Chrome lags when I open 2 windows (instances) or more


The easist possibility that the Ubuntu installer thinks there's something wrong with your Windows NTFS file system, and as such doesn't detect that they're a valid install choice for "along side".
If the NTFS drives are mounting as read-only, its probably because Ubuntu thinks their filesystems are unclean, probably due to hibernation, or a damaged file system. Do this...
In Windows...

boot into Windows
open the Power control panel
choose change what the power buttons do
choose change options that are unavailable
uncheck fast startup
close the Power control panel
open an administrative command prompt window
type powercfg /h off
type chkdsk /f c:
approve to run chkdsk at next reboot
reboot into Windows to let chkdsk run on drive C:

Then retry installing Ubuntu with the "along side" installation choice.
The other possibility is that your BIOS is set up for your disk as RAID, and the Ubuntu installer won't install to that.
Make sure to have a backup of your important Windows files!
You've got a single SSD/HDD set up in RAID mode, and the Ubuntu installer won't recognize your SSD/HDD until you switch your disk setting in the BIOS from RAID to AHCI.
Making that switch comes with some problems though, as Windows will no longer boot. Looking at this article https://samnicholls.net/2016/01/14/how-to-switch-sata-raid-to-ahci-windows-10-xps-13/ will show you how to make the change without having to reinstall Windows. (You can also see http://triplescomputers.com/blog/uncategorized/solution-switch-windows-10-from-raidide-to-ahci-operation/).
Boot to Windows with your current SATA controller configuration
Open Device Manager
Expand Storage Controllers and identify the Intel SATA RAID Controller
View properties of the identified controller
On the Driver tab, click the Update driver… button
Browse my computer…, Let me pick…
Uncheck Show compatible hardware
Select Microsoft as manufacturer
Select Microsoft Storage Spaces Controller as model3
Accept that Windows cannot confirm that this driver is compatible
Save changes, reboot to BIOS and change RAID SATA Controller to AHCI
Save changes and reboot normally, hopefully to Windows

Now you should be able to install Ubuntu in a dual-boot configuration.


Why there are many guest accounts on my system?

The guest-XXXXXX entries in /etc/passwd and /etc/group are normally removed when you log out from a guest session. Maybe you have somehow rebooted a few times without logging out first.

You can safely delete the entries. If you do it like this:

sudo deluser guest-jzXeRx

for respective guest username, both /etc/passwd and /etc/group will be cleaned up.


Low graphics error unless I boot via recovery mode

Your question appears similar to this one although you mention you have an Intel GPU (it could be unrelated).

Basically, it looks like LightDM (the default greeter/login screen) can sometimes get a bit confused if you've installed other packages or something has gone wrong with its configuration.

Here is a relevant bug report, though possibly for a different version:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/lightdm/+bug/971891

I think the best (least destructive) advice there is the following:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure unity-greeter
sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

Hopefully that should fix it!

You could also make sure that the ubuntu-desktop metapackage is installed.

Some of the advice in that other question seems suspect to me, either because it involves installing random PPAs or it simply doesn't apply to people with Intel graphics.


Remote desktop view (krfb / vnc) not updating on client

I usually suggest an alternate VNC server, x11vncserver or FreeNX.

X11 manpage and download

OR

FreeNX from the FreeNX Team PPA.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:freenx-team

NOTE: If you do not have add-apt-repository installed add the following

sudo apt-get install python-software-properties

Update Apt

sudo apt-get update

Install FreeNX

sudo apt-get install freenx

Ubuntu Documentation


When I use gimp cage transform but it crashes

This is a known bug in Ubuntu's GIMP package, and there does not appear to be an easy way to solve it until the bug has been fixed. They've confirmed the bug and given it High importance, so there's hope!

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gimp/+bug/1614593

The cause appears to be:

  ...Debian and/or Ubuntu decided to make their GIMP 2.8
  packages depend on gegl-0.3 instead of gegl-0.2 came as a surprise to
  some of the GIMP developers.

The bug is confirmed for the latest stable release of GIMP 2.8.20 on Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS (as of this post)

If you can figure out how to apply them, there is a patch available in the bug report linked to above.


This is the command you are looking for:

lspci

(or, better yet, lspci | grep --ignore-case Network)


I think it is only for Ubuntu 11.04 (Published March 20, 2011) so you need to remove this repository open the Ubuntu software center and then press Edit and Software Sources...
find this repository ppa:isantop/iansanto-ppa and press the remove button to delete it


The System monitor says that a process named zeitgeist takes up about 450 MB of memory

To be short, you can uninstall it and be fine.

  Zeitgeist doesn’t log everything; it can only log what we, or an app we use, tells it to. We can even switch it off completely.

It logs data apps, or the user send to it, and the data is used by apps that request it, most notably, the dash, to provide better results.
And yes, that amount of memory usage is fairly normal.