Why is ubuntu unable to install two programs at once?

This can mean that other software, for example the Software Center, is doing something related to installing software. To avoid problems the currently active program has aquired a lock to ensure no other process can interfere (and therefore you get the complaint about could not get lock).

You can solve this by restarting the computer.

And to state the obvious:
Did you start the install command with sudo, otherwise it won't work either because installing software is a superuser activity.

Despite the comments on the question you can absolutely install multiple programs at the same time with apt-get.

This command will install three (arbitrary) programs one by one:

apt-get install package1 package2 package3


Is Unity going to use the GNOME 3 stack?

Unity is totally GNOME 3/GTK3 ready. We just need to port bamf to use gdbus instead of dbus-glib and we are ready to roll!


Error : Cannot Access ppa while installing openstack swift

The right PPA entry is  ppa:swift-core/release

Open The Ubuntu Software Centre and ‘mouse’ over the top panel to reveal the Application Menu.

It’s here you paste/type the ‘PPA’ address.

ppa:swift-core/release


Incomplete file transfers to USB drive with Nautilus

As a part of the copy process, the data is buffered into memory and then written to disk. Writing the data to disk takes time, but the software (nautilus) does not show the pending operation.

For details, see

Copy to USB memory stick really slow?

The time required to sync varies by file system on the flash drive and some people have experienced slow write times with NTFS. This seems to be an as of yet unidentifed kernel (ntfs driver).

Why is usb file transfer so slow in 12.10?

At any rate, you want to sync, or write the data from the buffer to the flash drive before you remove it. This principle is true with all OS. Use the eject feature or on the command line,

sync


There is a very useful information in this regard on the Ubuntu App Showdown page:

The Ubuntu App Showdown

The App Showdown should be closed already, but the information there is still useful. Basically, the quickest way to start is Quickly and Python.


This is a bug in Bless. See the bug report on Launchpad: Bless cannot save edited files .
In the Debian bugtracker is a nice workaround: Use the "Save as" option. Save to a dummy file instead ("Save As") and it just
works.


Meaning of the 'Memory' column in the System Monitor

I was also wondered a lot about this issue of what does the gnome-system-monitor shows as memory in spite of having rss column. I didn't found any official documentation but discovered how memory is being calculated.
Basically resident memory is the actual physical memory it is using. Now rss also looks to be including the portion of shared memory of the process. So if you subtract the shared memory from the resident memory you get the memory portion that solely belongs to the specified process.
Hope this would've helped :)


I only know of one way to really know - use a router that can log downloads & uploads by IP address ("IP Traffic client monitoring"). And it'd be helpful to assign the same IP address to each device with Static DHCP (assigns same IP by MAC address) or manually set IP addresses.

If your router doesn't log that info, you'll probably need to use custom firmware like OpenWrt, DD-WRT, Tomato... there's lots. Probably best to search by your router and see if any can work with it. And FYI, most are based on linux too, like Ubuntu is!

I've used TomatoUSB for WRT54G-family routers (specifically the "Toastman" version), most don't seem to have been updated lately, but the routers they work on can be 5-10 years old.

Here's a quote from the TomatoUSB page:

  Tomato USB is an alternative Linux-based firmware for powering Broadcom-based ethernet routers. It is a modification of the famous Tomato firmware, with additional built-in support for USB port, wireless-N mode support, support for several newer router models, and various enhancements.

And a little info about Toastman's version: (That's his avatar)

  Using the QOS I was able to prevent uncontrolled P2P users bring down the router every few hours...
  it allows the use of Tomato with up to 250 users. I use it in environments where we have no control at all over those users' PC's or what applications they may be using. Therefore, the QOS had to be very effective so that they could all share the same internet gateway without problems.

[FYI, "Quality of service (QoS) is the overall performance of a telephony or computer network, particularly the performance seen by the users of the network" - Wikipedia]

The QOS can be used to limit the network usage of certain traffic (like P2P) so the network "feels faster" for other uses too. Here's a guide from Toastman about it.

Here's a good looking article about "Using the Tomato Firmware to Monitor Bandwidth by IP Address" on an Asus RT-N16 router, and a son flat-out lying to his father ("I don't know what uTorrent is, or why my computer's uploading 9GB/day, honest!") and a (cropped) screenshot of the "IP Traffic Daily History"


How do I initialize or reset dash home settings?

Hmmm ... i believe i suffer from the same issues.

The Blank screen that you are facing as well.

For my case it is unity issue.
I simply cannot get the unity 3d to work correctly.

Ways to get around it, is to use unity 2d. Have you tried that ?
Before login in, just click on the button above your name and select ubuntu2d.
That should do it.

Or you can hit ctrl+alt+f1 and do a sudo compiz --reset
Hit ctrl+alt+f7 to get back into your GUI and give it some time, see if unity wakes up.


Compile php-ssh2 module from source on Ubuntu 16.04

You're missing the package which essential in order to run the script properly, simply install.

sudo apt-get install autoconf


You can find drivers for the printer
here.
A detailed instruction on how to install it is included.


In Ubuntu and other distributions, you should prefer the distribution packages instead of manually installing packages. So, first of all, you should remove the recess installed via npm:

sudo npm uninstall recess -g

Also remove the node-less package installed via apt-get, so that we can start with a clean environment:

sudo apt-get remove node-less

After issuing these two commands, ensure that the following files do not exist, and if they exist delete them:

/usr/bin/lessc
/usr/local/bin/lessc

Also check the following directories (and remove them if they exist):

/node_modules/less
/usr/bin/node_modules/less
/usr/node_modules/less
/usr/local/bin/node_modules/less
/usr/local/node_modules/less
~/.node_modules/less
~/.node_libraries/less

All that files and directories may be generated in various ways. Different installation methods lead to different directories used. Removing all that files is important to ensure that nothing conflicts: you should always have one, and just one, version of a software installed on your system. The only exception is when the distribution itself provides different versions of the same software (in this case, package are made so that they don't conflict with each other).

Now you have a clean environment and can install node-less:

sudo apt-get install node-less

Note that the node-less package does not ship /usr/bin/recess, just /usr/bin/lessc, so it's perfectly OK if recess --compile fails (or, better, it must fail).

If lessc still does not work, please check the output of which lessc. Remember: if it does return something different than /usr/bin/lessc, it means that you are not using lessc from the distribution package, but something else.


COMODO AntiVirus for Linux cannot be installed on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 64 bits

I found thisn helped install comodo x64 bit version, you have to manually install a dependency first then just download from commodo site the version x64.

libssl0.9.8 is no longer available in ubuntu 16.04 repositories. You can download and install manually the deb file from this link if you want libssl0.9.8 (clic on the link "security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu" when you reach that page).

the dependency: Dependency install

after install, you need this:

sudo /opt/COMODO/post_setup.sh

space bar throught the entire licence, then agree.


log4cxx/logger.h or libcql/cql.hpp fatal error while doing make -j4

In both cases, your compiler is not able to find headers required by the application you are attempting to compile.

For libcql/cql.hpp, you will need to download and install libcql:

sudo apt-get install git libasio-dev libssl-dev
git clone https://github.com/mstump/libcql.git
cd libcql && mkdir build && cd build
make && sudo make install

For log4cxx/logger.h, you can simply install the liblog4cxx10-dev  package:

sudo apt-get install liblog4cxx10-dev

You should now be able to compile your application.


How do I get a non-functioning hp 8710 office jet printer functioning again?

I too have an HP printer. If I recall correctly, I had a similar problem, which I was able to diagnose and solve using HP's own diagnostic software. if you have utilities such as hp-check, you have hplip installed. If not, install hplip.

See http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/index.html


HDD writes are faster on VM (Vagrant box) and slower on bare metal (host)

I'm guessing memory caching or virtualization layer recognizing zeros in data stream, and thus creating a sparse record in the drive image.

>400MB/s, like reported by the VM is totally unrealistic on 7200rpm drives. 120-150MB/s is realistic, but high, continuous write speed, >400MB/s is not.

To test if it's memory caching, select a large write, like two times the total memory of the box. This removes the write cache impact from the equation, and will tell you if the virtualization layer does some trickery with all nulls.

You can also try to read a non-zero data-file, like an ISO, and see what write performance you get then. If it's equally fast, it also means that data is not actually written to disk, but merely cached somewhere.

On a system with a recently trimmed ssd, I reach 42MB/s. This is probably slower than the disk can do in sequential write, as dsync means synchronous I/O operation. If I change the block size to 1M and the count to 400, I reach approx. 80MB/s on SSD's, indicating that the sync operation plays a large role in the low speed.


You should have /etc/apt/sources.list and you could have additionally list files in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/, usually PPAs.

If you don't have /etc/apt/sources.list, create a new on. Open Software & Updates and select, what you need.

Sorry for the German screenshot


Successful installation of module using pip3, but module not found when try to import in python

It seems that you have the lmfit module installed for python 3.8 and you are running python 3.7 on Spyder for which the module is not installed.

Preferrable method for you is option 3 as you said you want to fix it for Spyder. The blockquote explains the detailed procedure to do that.

A possible fix is to change the symbolic link and fix it to python 3.8. You can check how to change the path here (Follow the instructions and replace 3.6 with 3.7 and 3.7 with 3.8 for your case)
Use a virtual environment to juggle between multiple versions.
Change the version which spyder uses for python. To do this:

Open Preferences in Spyder => Tools - Preferences
Click on Python Interpreter from the options in left
Now the Selected option, right below Select the Interpreter for all Python Consoles should be Default (i.e. use the same as Sypder's),
Now change it to Use the following interpreter: and it will ask for
a path below it.
Provide the path to your Python 3.8 installation folder.
You can find the path using:
whereis python3.8 in your ubuntu command line interface (Note for windows where python3.8 should work fine).
In general the path should be something like \usr\bin\python3.8 but it depends on
how you have installed it. Take the path to python3.8 and paste it
in that path. You can also browse for python3.8 in that path and
select it manually from the spyder interface.
Now Apply it and Ok it.  Restart Spyder and you should be
running python3.8 and now you can import lmfit  in there.

A visual representation of this process (except on how to find the path) could be found here


When running Ubuntu in a virtual machine there is always a performance drop due to virtualization.

This has considerably improved with modern CPUs that can help with hardware optimized virtualization (VT-x for Intel). This needs to be enabled in the host BIOS, not only to be able to run a 64-bit guest but also for performance.
Like on bare metal all hard drive read and write access is much faster on an SSD than on a conventional hard drive. But you may not need all space on that SSD. Consider to split you installation on two virtual disks (VDI) where a smaller VDI holding the OS is on the SSD but the HOME directory is on a second VDI on the conventional hard drive. Make the VDIs dynamically growing for the least real space needed.
Install the guest additions in your guest to take advantage of the host hardware graphics acceleration.

Settings for CPU cores or RAM can be changed any time later after installation. It can be adapted on demand, depending on the tasks we wish to perform in the guest, or the tasks we still need to perform in the host.

As a rule of thumb use about half of the RAM, and half of the CPU cores for the guest. If you use more RAM for the guest leave enough RAM for the host OS to be able to still operate smoothly without swapping (at least 2 better 4 GB for Windows). If you use all CPU cores for the guest you should define an execution cap to leave some power to the host.

For more tweaks in case of weaker hardware see:

How to improve performance of VirtualBox when UNITY_LOW_GFX_MODE is not working?


It looks like logging out and logging in again resolved the issue.


"google-chrome-stable depends on libstdc++6 (>= 4.8.0); however: Version of libstdc++6 on system is 4.6.3-1ubuntu5."

You are receiving these errors because Google has ended the support for Ubuntu 12.04.

Google: We will end support for Google Chrome on 32-bit Linux, Ubuntu Precise (12.04).

You alternatively can install the chromium-browser on which Google Chrome is built on.

You also can install Ubuntu 14.04 LTS or Ubuntu 15.10 - both are supported - to use Chrome.

But I suggest that you wait until April, 21st when the new Ubuntu 16.04 LTS will be released.

You should consider that Ubuntu 12.04 LTS has only one year of official security support left.


Use External Hard Drive Partition for Ubuntu Installation

A very detailed answer would be beyond the scope of a single question, but here's the general outline. It's very easy, but success will partly depend on the ability of your computer to boot from an external hard drive. This depends on the bios.

Before starting, make sure your bios has an option to boot from a USB HD.

If all you need is the basic install, Python 2.7, and the C compiler, you can get away with installing Ubuntu to a fairly small partition. I forget the literal minimum Ubuntu needs to install, but it's roughly 8 GB. I would recommend 10 GB as a minimum, plus another 2-4 GB if you want a swap drive.

Create space for a partition

It's best in your case to create the new partition before doing the install. You will need to shrink the existing partition on your external hard drive first.

I would recommend backing up the USB HD; but if you had a second one, you could just install to that one. Depending on how full the drive is, you may not be able to back it completely; but try at least back up any important files. This is just a general warning and precaution since your data should be safe.

You have two options to shrink the existing partition:

Use the Windows partition manager in administrative tools. I believe these are available in Home Premium. If the partition won't shrink by enough, you may need to delete files to make room. If you have more than enough available but it still doesn't shrink enough, use a free defrag tool like MyDefrag to defrag and move the files to the start of the partition.
Use gparted from the Ubuntu live install media. This is probably the easier way to do it.

Create a new partition

Create the Ubuntu live installation media and use it to boot your computer. Choose Try Ubuntu.

Plug in the external hard drive. Start the program gparted. If you have not already shrunk the partition on the external HD, do it now.

In most cases, the internal HD will show up as sda and the external as sdb, but this is not guaranteed. Be sure you are looking at the correct HD in gparted.

Shrinking the partition will leave unallocated space. Use this to create a new partition. Format it to ext4. Jot down the partition number. This will be used for /.

You don't need a swap partition, but if want one, shrink the new partition by the size you want (or just make it a little smaller in the first place). Format that space to linux-swap.

Note down the numbers of the new partitions.

Run the Installer

Start the installer from the icon on the desktop or on the launcher. When asked how you want to install, choose: Somethine Else.

This will start the partitioner within the installer. This is different than gparted and may look a little intimidating to a beginner.

Carefully highlight the new partition (check the number and drive carefully) and click Change.

Follow the dialogs to a. Use the partition as ext4, b. mount to /, and c. format.

Highlight the swap partition and click Change. Choose use a linux-swap and that's all for that one.

Very important: change the installation of the bootloader to the USB HD. This will most likely be /dev/sdb. This will prevent you from overwriting the master boot record on your hard drive. (If you do this by accident, it's easily fixed).

Double-check your partition choices, then click Install Now.

That's it. To run Ubuntu, boot the computer with the USB plugged in. Set your bios order or otherwise move USB HD to the first boot position. The boot menu on the usb will show you both Ubuntu (on the external drive) and Windows (on the internal drive). Choose the one you want. If you boot without the usb, you will boot into Windows normally.

Ubuntu has Python 2.7 installed by default. To install the C comiler, open the terminal, any run:

sudo apt-get install gcc

or

sudo apt-get install build-essential

(if you want some additional programs helpful for C programming).

To run Ubuntu in a virtual machine instead, install VirtualBox or VMWarePlayer in Windows. Both are free. Create a new VM and use the installer media to install to the VM. But this time, don't worry about partitions. Choose Install Ubuntu to the entire virtual drive. This doesn't affect the rest of the hard drive.

If you want to put the VM on the external hd, be sure to override the default location when creating the VM and put it on a folder on the external drive.

Creating your installation media with persistence through a Windows program like LiveUSBCreator will also work, but this option will be very slow.


There are no packages for Precise in this PPA, only for Karmic and Lucid. Remove it from your software sources.


Try out ubuntu on thinkpad x40 (via usb)?

If you have no means of booting via USB or CD-ROM, you may be able to use the boot rom on the network card.  Configuration is not trivial, but the following guide might help:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/Netboot


How can I set up Ubuntu Server 16.04 to load a GUI on demand?

Run systemctl start lightdm to start lightdm, and by extension, the rest of the gui, when you desire.  systemctl stop lightdm will shut it down.


How can I install Ubuntu Server on an PowerPC Mac?

You're trying to install i386 software on a PowerPC CPU. That's a completely different architecture, with a different instruction set -- they're not compatible.

Ubuntu has dropped official support for PowerPC a long time ago, but there are still community builds available. A good starting point is the Ubuntu Power PC FAQ.


you can do so manually from the command line by using:

sudo ip route del default
sudo ip route add default via 10.17.17.2 dev wlan0 proto static

in which you of course alter the ip to your gateway and wlan0 to the card to use for this connection

Enjoy surfing again! :)

PS. This is a temp solution, after reboot you have to do this again because it runs the rules out of etc.

editted to first remove the existing default gateway


How do i update the openstack api access to be accessible from the outside world

On your server hosting keystone check :

keystone service-list

retrieve the id of the service your looking fo

keystone endpoint-list | grep id

You'll have three url : public, internal, admin

To change the public url use mysql command like

mysql -uroot -p
use keystone;
update endpoint set url="http://publicURL:port/" where id="yourID";

Hope it'll help


Update Manager is in Launcher and Alt-Tab list, but I can't switch to it

I have the same problem. I didn't find this specific issue on launchpad either. For me, even though the update manager doesn't completely open, it still can be closed from the "x" on the top right panel or ctrl+q. Once closed it reopens fine.


have You tried pressing [ F9 / F2 / F1 ] at the time of boot ( very initial stage of booting) .. One of them is supposed to give you a list of available boot drive options.. Like Pendrive , USB , CD/DVD.


If you place Android Studio in /usr/share/applications or any folder except your home user folder, you will need root privileges to execute the program.

In fact, if you try to execute in terminal <folder where you installed Android Studio>/android-studio/bin/studio.sh, you will be asked to enter root password. Yet, if you click on the icon of Android Studio nothing happens (nor password requests).

One way to avod this is to prompt a dialog box where to enter password.
Install gksu by typing in terminal sudo apt-get install gksu;
then edit your desktop file and in Exec entry write gksu /<folder where you installed Android Studio>/android-studio/bin/studio.sh.


From terminal how can I upgrade a particular software only

apt-get install firefox should do the trick. You can check the linked post in muru's comment for more details.


What's the difference between ln -s and mount --rbind?

mount --rbind makes a recursive bind-mount; that is, the filesystem hierarchy mounted on /mnt/extra/home will also be accessible through /home.

In practice major difference between the ln -s solution and the mount --rbind solution is that with ln -s /home is a symlink while with mount --rbind it's a directory; this affects tools like find, df, test/[ etc.

Also, the ln -s will fail if /home exists, while mount --rbind will fail if it does not exist, or it is not an empty directory.

Mark's comment below is also important: ln -s needs a writable file system on which to create the symlink.


The package software-center does not exist in 18.04, use gnome-software instead.

sudo apt install gnome-software


A partial answer is: sudo apt-get install ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-standard ubuntu-desktop

This does not include things like the kernel (e.g. linux-image-generic) and the bootloader (e.g. grub).


I want to make a DVD with video_ts and audio_ts folders into an mp4/avi/video file

Handbrake seems like a suitable solution for your needs if you want to transcode the movies and make them smaller in size.

You should be able to install it from Ubuntu's Software Center or you can install it from the terminal by typing the following (if sudo asks for a password enter the one of the user you're currently logged in with):

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install handbrake

Depending on your distribution you might not get the latest version, so you may want to install it through Handbrake's PPA by typing the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stebbins/handbrake-releases
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install handbrake-gtk

//EDIT:

If you want to keep the menus you could make the DVD as a .iso file which should be played by VLC for Android (I have no idea about iPhone).
Creating .iso files from DVD is already discussed on the site, you could take a look at one of these topics for example:

How to create ISO images?

Ripping DVD to iso - Accurately


Using the Chrome Inspector Network tab, review the raw HTTP response headers set for this configuration vs a working PHP page. You will see the Content-Type is different between the pages. It is the alternative Content-Type that causes the browser to respond by downloading the file rather than displaying it.

In your @extensionless-php block, try adding this to force the Content-Type back to a standard HTML MIME type:

 default_type text/html;


Wifi can't connect before wired.  How to diagnose what could be going wrong (which logs, etc)?

/var/log/syslog should give you some information about what's going on with your connections, you may also find some information in /var/log/kernel.


Okay. First, the version. There are two main Ubuntu versions current nowadays (I won't include 12.04 because it's not worth it anymore):

14.04 LTS - the Trusty Tahr: This is a Long Term Support release. LTS versions are released each two years, and have security updates/support for a longer time (5 years). These kind of releases focus on stability and trust. You won't find bleeding edge packages/applications, but the system is very reliable.
15.10 - the Wily Werewolf: this is the current regular release, with a 9-month lifespan. It comes with more up-to-date software but is usually less stable.

If you have very new hardware, stick with the newest (or you could wait 3 months until 16.04 is released if you want an LTS). The newest release comes with a newer kernel, which will probably give you more hardware support.

In the other cases, get the LTS release. You won't see bugs and crashes very often and you have a long lifespan.

Second factor: the desktop environment.

Ubuntu has lots of flavors with different purposes and work environments. Unlike Windows, Linux systems can have different userland interfaces (and even more than one at the same time).  you can choose from a wide variety of environments to suit your needs, from full-blown desktop environments with lots of features and eye-candy to a minimal command-line. Here are the main Ubuntu flavors:

Ubuntu: the mainstream. Comes with the Unity desktop environment and a set of applications to give you an out-of-the-box experience.

Kubuntu: the KDE variation. Comes with a lot of applications from the KDE project.

Xubuntu: the Xfce variation. It's great for older computers for its stuning performance. It's also beautiful and highly customizable.

Lubuntu: the LXDE variation. Extremely lightweight and the lowest resource-consuming among all the flavors. Recommended for netbooks.

Ubuntu GNOME: the GNOME variation. Comes with the good ol' Gnome desktop and its set of applications.

Ubuntu MATE: the MATE variation. Lightweight, simple, beautiful.

Ubuntu Studio: comes with Xfce and lots of programs for multimedia work (video editor, image editor, sound manipulator, vectorial drawing). Also ships with a low-latency kernel, developed for multimedia.

Ubuntu Server: just out of curiosity (because you probably won't want this version), there is a Server version. It comes with several applications to deal with a web server and is headless (doesn't have a GUI, command-line only).

Now it's up to you. Choose your flavor and welcome to the Ubuntu family.


Two imperfect ways to do this:

(Assuming Unity is still installed)

ctrl + alt + t to open up a terminal, and type:

unity --replace

or

Log out of your account, and do this Switching window manager/desktop environments?


No. Unfortunately it is not. As you probably have seen, Ubuntu One is not listed in supported protocols in the external-storage dropdown menu in your Owncloud environment.

In fact, the protocol that is used for U1 is not a standard protocol (but Google Drive and Dropbox are not standard either). It is developed by Canonical. It is called ubuntuone-storageprotocol. API's to interface with Ubuntu One are however available so there is nothing stopping the owncloud devs to start supporting this. It just hasn't happened (yet).


How can I set a certain temperature on Redshift?

You can permanently set the color temperature from the command line:
Open (gnome-) terminal, type the command:

redshift -O <temperature>

and press Return

To set it to (e.g.) 3700:

redshift -O 3700

To reset to "neutral":

redshift -x

See for more (command line) options:

man redshift

(Given the fact that Redshift is installed :))


Go to Wine's registry editor.

Navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Wine/Direct3D

If that doesn't exist create it (right-click, new key).

Add a new string called VideoMemorySize, and set it to a preferred amount (>=512) based on your graphics card.

This manually allocates more Video RAM in Wine, which WoW is eating up.


Second click on a launcher icon with more than one window open doesn't do a scale of that application

This is a bug due to the last unity update from 5.10 to 5.12 a few days ago; the only solution is to downgrade unity from 5.12 back to 5.10.


I'm using OpenSuse with KDE, and was having a similar problem. Found my answer here: http://userbase.kde.org/Tutorials/ComposeKey/en#Current_KDE_Configuration. I've managed to get altgr to be compose, and ß and ← and → work fine for me.
Cheers


i am not sure, did u maybe boot in read mode only ?

Shutdown the computer
Boot into Recovery Mode --After BIOS load, hold down Shift key to
access the grub menu --Once in grub menu, select the entry ending in
"(recovery mode)"
From the next menu selected option to enter Root Session
At the root session, execute command mount -o remount,rw / to
remount the filesystem as read-write

for keyboard layout try this :

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration


How can I restore the VirtualBox graphical user interface to show the snapshot menu?

Right click in the bottom margin of the window and select "Show Toolbar"


How do I restrict ports to certain users?

What you basically need is the nufw. Ubuntu's classic default firewall ufw allows just port-based restriction by manipulation of ip-tables. The nufw on the other hand, allows user-based restriction, apart from acting as a classical firewall. Here is the debian link (I'm sure ubuntu repository must also be having this):

http://packages.debian.org/squeeze/nufw


KDE applications like the one you mentioned are translated by KDE, not by Ubuntu. Please see http://i18n.kde.org/ for help with all of the questions I'm sure you will have.

You can try installing lokalize to assist you with translation once you get the source code


installArchives() failed: dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of "package"

You will need a terminal to solve the situation, the Software Center isn't able to handle this kind of problems. To do this use:

sudo dpkg -r linux-generic linux-image-generic
sudo apt-get install linux-generic

That should solve the problem.


It seems that ubuntu doesn't support the integrated graphics of Intel Atom N2600.
But you can try these steps:

Reboot the tablet.
Press 'e' key in grub screen to edit grub.
Replace 'quiet splash' with 'i915.modeset=1' or 'i915.modeset=0' or 'xforcevesa'.

Hope this'll help you.


How to merge Mutiny MATE into the top Title Bar (Like Unity 7 used to save screen space)

Open MATE Tweak and check "Undecorate maximised windows" under Windows.

Warning: Title bar of a maximised window will vanish completely. You won't see window control buttons (close, minimise, maximise) for maximised windows. You'll have to use keyboard shortcuts.
Most probably Ubuntu MATE 18.04 will have the window control buttons.


You have to configure Sender-Dependent SASL authentication in Postfix. Please add the following lines to your main.cf

#/etc/postfix/main.cf
#...
smtp_sender_dependent_authentication = yes
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
relayhost = smtp.gmail.com:587
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtp_sasl_security_options =
#...

and create /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd with the following content.

user1@gmail.com  user1@gmail.com:password1
user2@gmail.com  user2@gmail.com:password2

Do a postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd and reload postfix.

Ref: Postfix docs

All your local mails will be delivered as before. If you send a mail to someone@yahoo.com from user1@gmail.com using the following command

echo "Hi Everyone"|mail -s "Test email" -r "user1@gmail.com" someone@yahoo.com

then your postfix server will authenticate using user1@gmail.com's password configured in /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd. Hope that helps.


For any total system rebuild, you should start by clearing CMOS and resetting BIOS settings to manufacturers default. See Computer won't power off for instructions.  This alone could fix your boot problem but in your case, I doubt it.  It is still a good thing to start with.
Next, if available, you should upgrade your BIOS to the latest.  It might be your manufacturer released versions that can boot more modern devices.
Next, check in CMOS Setup and/or using the "boot menu" hot-key during Power-on Selftest (POST) to see what devices your motherboard can see.  In your case, USB-CD, ZIP, and floppy are not encouraging.  Not many folk have USB zips or floppy drives these days.
But USB-CD might work, provided the media is an actual bootable Compact Data Disk format.  I am guessing, with a BIOS as old as yours, it would not recognize a DVD format even the reader supported it.  You could try using Rufus to format a CD-R (if you can find one).
Finally, failing everything else (and this is probably the simplest solution), perhaps you can attach an IDE/ATA CDROM drive to the system and boot from that.


Updated kernel with dpkg but old kernel still in use

You did not install kernel, only headers.

If you want to upgrade kernel to 3.16 on Ubuntu 14.04 the correct way is this:

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-utopic

The meta package will pull both headers and image.
This way kernels will be upgraded through routine process.


How to setup a Wireless Access-Point using my laptops WiFi card?

I use this to provide a wifi connection from Ubuntu to my Android phone, but there are two issues:
1) You cannot share a wifi connection. That means that your laptop needs to be cable-connected by ethernet. There are exceptions, but the vast majority of wifi cards don't seem to be able to be connected to two networks at once.
2) This only seems to work without wifi security. When I go to the NetworkManager icon and select Create New Wireless Network, I set Security to None and give the network a name. My Motorola milestone (Android 2.3) then connects. This is not ideal, but I would start with no security and then try to enable security, if your phone will use it.


How to configure nullmailer to work with gmx

The way GMX documents it, you have to use port 465 with SSL - you are using it with TLS, which should use port 587. So either change your port or your protocol, both should work.

Also, as an anti-spam measure, GMX only accepts messages from a valid GMX sender - no stuff like root@mymachine.local or similar.

What works is if you send a mail via nullmailer-inject -f myaccount@gmx.de.

I just tested my old GMX account successfully with cat testmail.mail | nullmailer-inject -h -f myaccount@gmx.de. You need to force an envelope with your real address with the -f myaccount@gmx.de option, otherwise it gets rejected. The -h option is just so only the information in the email file is used, no command line information for to: and other fields.

My format for the test mail was below. Taken from nullmailer troubleshooting, fill out the From:, To:, and Cc: fields, otherwise it won't work!

Subject: Nullmailer test at Do 21. Apr 13:56:57 CEST 2016
From: Yourfirst Yourlast  <yourself@yourdomain.com>
To: Yourfirst Yourlast  <yourself@yourdomain.com>
Cc: Friendfirst Friendlast <friend@friendsdomain.com>

Sent at Do 21. Apr 13:56:57 CEST 2016

Yourfirst Yourlast was here
and now is gone
but left his name
to carry on.

This is a second paragraph thats kinda long, really really long, so long that I truly hope that it does the right thing and wraps.

Sincerely
Yourfirst Yourlast

My /etc/nullmailer/remotes file looks like this:

mail.gmx.net smtp --port=587 --starttls --auth-login --user=myaccount@gmx.de --pass=password

If you want to use mail like you did, make sure that the -f myaccount@gmx.de option is used. How to do this depends on your MUA (mail user agent) which is behind the mail alias.

Lastly, I want to point out that nullmailer has an inherent security flaw. Even though the /etc/nullmailer/remotes file is only readable by root and the user mail, it calls the smtp program with the content of this file as options, so every user on the system can see your credentials while smtp runs via ps aux or htop. Maybe this is fixed in 2.0, but even 16.04 has only a 1.x version, and no ppa is offering a newer one.

A nice alternative to nullmailer is dma, the dragonfly mail transfer agent. I could set it up to use my GMX credentials in less than one minute. If you use the MASQUERADE=myaccount@gmx.de option in the settings file, you don't even need to fool around to pass options with mail.

Put just the following into /etc/dma/dma.conf, your credentials into /etc/dma/auth.conf, and you are done:

SMARTHOST smtp.gmx.net
PORT 587
AUTHPATH /etc/dma/auth.conf
SECURETRANSFER
STARTTLS
MASQUERADE myaccount@gmx.de

No further configuration or adaptation needed, easy, and secure.


Maximize windows without maximize button

It is extremely annoying. We have large monitors and we cannot maximize the 'modal' window. And Jetbrains by the way does encourage to make usage of the keyboard and shortcuts. I have something for you. On Ubuntu you can increase the size of a Window using ALT+F8. Then use SHIFT and the arrow keys. The window is maximized into the direction of the key.
SHIFT+LEFT, SHIFT+RIGHT, SHIFT+DOWN and finally SHIFT+UP.
Seems Intellij records the size of the modal.
Example. You commit your changes, (CONTROL+K), resize the modal window as explained above,  you do ESC and then try to commit a second time (CONTROL+K) and the size of the window is restored.


Get two accounts.

Also, please read Ubuntu One: can this be used for backups?.


Gnome-subtitles removed from Ubuntu 18.04

Subtitles Editors on Ubuntu 18.04

There exists a lot of Subtitles-Editors on Ubuntu 18.04!

Here is a list, and how to install them. Click on the title to visit the homepage:

OpenShot Video Editor

sudo apt install openshot openshot-doc

kdenlive

sudo install kdenlive kdenlive-data

flowblade

sudo apt install flowblade

Subtitle Edit

Installation and Download hints on https://github.com/SubtitleEdit/subtitleedit/releases
Jubler

Install with appimage or from source; see http://www.jubler.org/download.html
Subtitle Editor

sudo apt install subtitleeditor

Subtitle Composer

sudo apt install subtitlecomposer

Gaupol

sudo apt install gaupol

Devede

sudo apt install devede

If you know better/other tools you are invited to edit this post!


17.04 is a regular release with 9 months of support, so no LTS support is expected.

Both 14.04 and 16.04 are LTSs, and the next LTS release is supposed to be 18.04, ...that is, if the current release pattern continues.

We've been getting a long term support release every even year in April, 2016.04, 2014.04, 2012.04, 2010.04, etc.


Find file or directory in whole directory structure

No, find by default traverses all available levels:

sudo find / -mount -name 'myfilename'

If you have a separate home partition, or a encrypted home, or a secondary hard drive, you may want to list their mount points too, next to /, for example

sudo find / /home/enzotib /media/data -mount -name 'myfilename'

The -mount option is needed to avoid to traverse mounted filesystems. Among these there are /proc, /dev and /sys, that is convenient to skip.

An alternative to traverse all files, avoiding only these last three paths is

sudo find /!(proc|sys|dev) -name 'myfilename'


Have problems resizing NTFS disk. What should I do to create a 10GB free space disk?

Still I donot know why. here is a better way to avoid such questions:

1.creat a new disk (40GB size or other size you want) in windows 8.

2.boot from USB disk.

problem solved.


How to install GreenAddress Bitcoin Wallet in Ubuntu?

First, install Chromium.

sudo apt-get install chromium-browser

Worry not as much with the usual Google big brother worries. It is, for what it's worth, mostly open source.
Folks really do make a fuss about privacy when Google tries to mess with Chromium too much.

Just make sure to install some privacy protecting extensions like Ghostery or the like, and check those privacy settings!

Anyway, after that's out of the way, visit the Chrome Web Store for apps at https://chrome.google.com/webstore/category/apps.

They have apps and apps.

Search ye in the apps for GreenAddress, brave adventurer!

Click ye this link, e'n braver adventurer!

https://chrome.google.com/webstore/search/greenaddress

Click the blue "Add to Chrome" button with the plus next to the green GreenAddress result, and follow through the usual Chrome Web Store extension installation prompts.

Now, try clicking the Ubuntu button in the upper left corner.

A wilde GreenAddress appeared!

Click that GreenAddress!

I would, if I may, offer a side not from bitter personal experience:

MAKE SURE TO TAKE THOSE MNEMONICS AND WRITE THEM DOWN AND PRINT THEM OUT AND COPY THEM TO A USB TO SAVE SECURELY. This is real money. If you know how to use GPG, encrypt one of the mnemonics to a trusted friend, or print one out and put it in an envelope to give to your Mom. Besides, it makes a great conversation starter. "So, my boy, what's in the envelope?" "Well, this guy on the internet told me to send you a letter..."


Why are there two different ways to tell me about updates?

There's not. The second one is for Livepatch, as you've already discovered.

Why are there two icons by the same app?

They're not. I mean look at the icons— they're only stylistically similar rather than being the same. The first is for Lubuntu's Update Notifier. Since the Update Notifier was built around GTK and the Qt-compatible version Kubuntu uses doesn't work as well for Lubuntu, they created their own. This is why it looks different than the old one.

How can I always get the window with the detailed update information again?

If you want the exact same thing but don't mind the extra overhead of having more GTK dependencies, you can install the update-notifier package and run it instead.
Alternately, and most likely better, you can upgrade to 20.10 and use the new version of Lubuntu's Update Notifier, which now comes with details:


touchpad is not working in acer aspiron oneD260

you can try press the "Fn" key plus the "the key with icon a hand"

the touch pad will unlock, so, it is locked by default


My machine is an Asus x60s and the following helped:

Open your BIOS settings
Navigate to Security > I/O Interface security
Change New interface card to LOCKED and save the settings.
Voilá! You can boot without nolapic and you can see all your cores.


Possible answer (this has not happened to me, but I had a somewhat similar issue and this helped.): Reinstall GRUB from the live media (for me it was a USB, but you may have chosen a CD)


From: CPU frequency and voltage scaling statistics in the Linux(TM) kernel
<mysystem>:/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/stats # ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    0 May 14 16:06 .
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root    0 May 14 15:58 ..
--w-------  1 root root 4096 May 14 16:06 reset
-r--r--r--  1 root root 4096 May 14 16:06 time_in_state
-r--r--r--  1 root root 4096 May 14 16:06 total_trans
-r--r--r--  1 root root 4096 May 14 16:06 trans_table

reset
Write-only attribute that can be used to reset the stat counters. This can be
useful for evaluating system behaviour under different governors without the
need for a reboot.
This should reset all the stats:
echo '1' | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/stats/reset

From: How to use cpufrequtils
cpufreq-set
Allows setting
-d  minimum frequency,
-u  maximum frequency,
-f  specific frequency (userspace governor must be set first) and
-g  governor on a
-c  specific CPU.

cpufreq-set needs root privileges in order to work.
Look for this in your setup:
sudo cpufreq-set -u 950MGhz

and remove it. Or add this to your setup:
sudo cpufreq-set -u 1.20Ghz

From: HowTo CpuFrequencyScaling
GOVERNOR variable from /etc/default/cpufrequtils not taking effect
So, you configured the GOVERNOR variable in /etc/default/cpufrequtils and after reboot you notice by running cpufreq-info that the active governor is still "ondemand".
This may happen if you have laptop-mode-tools installed. laptop-mode configures the active governor via the following variables: BATT_CPU_GOVERNOR, LM_AC_CPU_GOVERNOR, NOLM_AC_CPU_GOVERNOR. You can override them to your liking in /etc/laptop-mode/laptop-mode.conf:
BATT_CPU_GOVERNOR=powersave
LM_AC_CPU_GOVERNOR=conservative
NOLM_AC_CPU_GOVERNOR=ondemand

From: Arch Linux CPU frequency scaling
Setting maximum and minimum frequencies
In rare cases, it may be necessary to manually set maximum and minimum frequencies.
To set the maximum clock frequency (clock_freq is a clock frequency with units: GHz, MHz):
sudo cpupower frequency-set -u clock_freq

To set the minimum clock frequency:
sudo cpupower frequency-set -d clock_freq

To set the CPU to run at a specified frequency:
sudo cpupower frequency-set -f clock_freq


Terminal Blank Screen after removing zsh

Firstly try to run Xterm which is another terminal emulator with minimal settings by pressing ALTF2 then type:

xterm -e sh

It'll open Xterm , Then try to run the command to make bash as your default

chsh -s /bin/bash


Did you check to see if the shortcut was disabled in ubuntu? I simulated your scenario,  and found when I clicked on 'Disabled', then typed the shortcut I wanted under 'new acceleration', the keys responded.

In other words, when you hit "Apply", did you enable the key presses through Ubuntu?


Delay autostart of programs such as conky and dropbox, in Kubuntu

I'll share my autostart on 19.10 for conky and on 18.04 for Dropbox.

Autostarting conky in 19.10:

I opened System Settings > Startup and Shutdown > Autostart

In there, I clicked on Add Program ...
A window titled "Choose Application -- System Settings" appeared
I clicked on Terminal options but did not tick Run in terminal
In the text box above, I entered conky --pause=60¹ and then clicked OK
A new window appeared indicating that the system would create a desktop configuration file titled conky.desktop for me in /home/dkb/.config/autostart. I clicked OK.
I was taken back to the original Autostart screen where I could see, under Desktop File an entry for conky.

Autostart for conky

¹ A more elaborate command could be one in which you specify the particular conky configuration file you wish to load. So, conky --pause=60 -c $HOME/.config/conky/clock.conf would start conky with clock.conf instead of any other configuration file. Using conky --pause=nn -c $HOME/path/to/another/conky.conf would allow you have more than one conky active: you'll be specifying the delay (in seconds with nn) and the path to the relevant conky configuration file with -c ...

(The other entry is for Latte Dock and that was created by the latte-dock application itself.)

In the case of Dropbox in Kubuntu 18.04, I took another route.

I keep all my local executable scripts in ~/bin. The relevant one is dropbox.sh with the following content:

#!/bin/bash

sleep 60s && cd /home/dkb/.dropbox-dist/ && ./dropboxd

So I went through the same process again, but, instead of choosing Add Program, I chose Add script and pointed to dropbox.sh. This time, on completion, the entry was not under Desktop File but under Script File.


How can I prevent Supervisor to run at startup?

If it's a service (daemon) install rcconf:

sudo apt-get install rcconf

And then, run it and disable supervisor with it (uncheck its corresponding box, and accept):

sudo rcconf

Whenever you want to run it manually you can use the command:

sudo service supervidor start

sudo service supervidor stop


What happened to Ubuntu's Hall of Fame page?

Ubuntu Hall of Fame has been unmaintained since 2011 and was planned to be rewritten entirely. While the plan seems to have been approved, the blueprint on Launchpad had noted that implementation is making slow progress.

The plan and progress

According to this dated Wiki, the codebase of Ubuntu Hall of Fame is not maintainable and the plan was to make it open source.

  The codebase of the Hall of Fame is not open-source right now and is not really maitainable, also does it contain password and all kinds of other horrible things. The only good thing about it is the theming.

  The plan is to rewrite it in Django and make it more easily extensible and modifiable. Also make it open source.

Given that the Wiki was created in mid-2010, the project may have been left unmaintained much earlier than the last snapshot in 2011 on Internet Archive Wayback Machine.

In early 2011, the blueprint was registered in Ubuntu Launchpad. While some features have already been implemented, most of the work items are noted as "postponed".

Supporting facts

In mid-2011, one Ubuntu member has published a blog post on "UDS-O Budapest: Day 5", which mentioned the state of Ubuntu Hall of Fame.

  The Ubuntu Hall of Fame is a site hosted by Canonical but largely unmaintainable, and thus, unmaintained. They are working to moving it to Django and in this session they re-identified the current blockers and a new project lead took the helm [...]

Finally in late-2011, the designer of Ubuntu Hall of Fame has mentioned about the project on his blog in this post that is part of discussing the findings in the "Ubuntu Community Survey Report".

  [...] Some will remember when we built the Ubuntu Hall Of Fame; this project was designed to highlight many of the great contributions to Ubuntu, but it had two unintended side effects:

  It didn’t really achieve the goal of a community feeling a personal sense of thanks from someone who benefited from their contribution.
  For those who did not make it to one of the Top 10 lists on the site, some felt like their contributions were not as valuable or appreciated.

So what happened and why

The reason Ubuntu Hall of Fame was being removed, is largely due to lack of maintenance. However, the last quoted source may suggest that the project implementation may have been improperly done for recognizing contributors' works. More relevant sources as follows.

From this dated Wiki on UDS Jaunty report (partially quoted):

  Debian / Ubuntu Relations

  ...
  Why aren't Debian contributors on the Ubuntu Hall of Fame?
  ...

From the first post, a comment raised by one of the readers:

  ...on November 21, 2008 at 3:29 am

  [...] see comment 3… how would you go about extending this to appropriately give credit to Debian contributors? Would the entirely of Debian’s community process have to be driven through Launchpad to be recorded for the HOF to list? Debian is just one of many upstream groups whose effort can’t be represented by a shallow dive into Launchpad’s data pool [...]

From the later post, another comment raised by one of the readers:

  ...on October 26, 2011 at 4:12 pm

  [...] Singling out top contributors is exactly what Jono wants to avoid [...] What’s needed is a recognition framework that has the ability to scale beyond launchpad as a data source beyond Canonical as a source of windfall and beyond Ubuntu in scope [...]

From this related post on Community Leadership Forum:

  [...] One thing I discovered years back when we ran the Ubuntu Hall Of Fame project (we aggregated the top performers in the community) is that the social recognition of some was seen as ignoring others. It ended up become rather demotivating for some.

Based on above findings, we may understand why Ubuntu Hall of Fame was being removed and has been making slow progress for the past few years.

Disclaimer: This answer was written based on information that were found via Google Search, Internet Archive and few other sites. As such, the original post author was not in a position to give a conclusive answer.


What can I use to install a package file with dependency from command line?

Use gdebi (package gdebi-core if it's not installed)


My fresh installed ubuntu 12,4 won´t start without live usb drive

After you login with the pendrive inserted in the USB port, open a terminal and type this
command

sudo grub-install /dev/sda. then
sudo update-grub.

Then reboot again to see what happens.


How do I get Ubuntu 12.10 to recognize a DisplayLink monitor

If you use the kernel 3.7.1 or the new version 3.9.6 it should work almost plug and play.
I was using Linux Mint 14 with kernel 3.7.1 and now I am using Linux Mint 15 with kernel 3.9.6 without any issues and the need to make extra tweaks. If you need to make some adjustments create a small script and execute it at the start up just like that:
!/bin/bash
xrandr --newmode "1360x768_60.00" 84.75 1360 1432 1568 1776 768 771 781 798 -hsync +vsync
xrandr --addmode DVI-0 1360x768_60.00
xrandr --auto --output DVI-0 --mode 1360x768_60.00 --right-of LVDS1
Of course just use the specific requirements for your Displaylink USB resolution.


to enable a cpu0

you can use this

echo 1 | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/online

and to disable

echo 0 | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/online


ubuntu cobbler server - importing distros

Maybe a bit late in the day but I think you got the breed wrong.

sudo cobbler import --name=precise --path=/mnt --breed=ubuntu

works for me

distros:
==========
Name                           : Precise-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : ubuntu
Comment                        : ubuntu precise (12.04.0) None
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         :   /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Precise/install/netboot/ubuntu-installer/amd64/initrd.gz
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Precise/install/netboot/ubuntu-installer/amd64/linux
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/ks_mirror/Precise'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : precise
Owners                         : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}

Also, use the server or alternate iso's, not desktop.

Also note the existence of

 cobbler-ubuntu-import

Which does the same without the need to download a iso.


feh alternative that animates .gif files

Try sxiv with the -animate flag.

sxiv -a

  Simple X Image Viewer

  The primary goal of sxiv is to create an image viewer, which only has the most basic features required for fast image viewing (the ones I want). It has vi key bindings and works nicely with tiling window managers. Its code base should be kept small and clean to make it easy for you to dig into it and customize it for your needs.


Ubuntu 18.04 no graphics acceleration on external monitor hdmi

I have solved the problem by replacing HDMI Cable with Displayport Cable and it worked immediately. Displayport seems to be the king under linux :)


Are the drivers installed on my machine open source?

Mostly yes, everything that works out of the box is using open source drivers, included in the kernel (or for graphics some user space part in Xorg libraries).

One exception is the firmware that is needed for some devices. It is loaded at hardware initialization for some wireless/wired network adapters, sound cards etc. to function properly. These firmwares are generally closed source, but are redistributable.

The kernel takes care of all drivers - that's why the Linux project is huge; it needs to support all the hardware!


maybe duplicate of this
Missing parameter in configuration file. Keyword: path

seems you have to "hit Tab, type in live and hit Enter."

if you want to know if your cpu can run x64 run lscpu inside a terminal and look for something like CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit 64bit is what you need

or cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep -i model and search on web the model to see if it supports x64


have an wifi issue...not showing connections..using 16.04

Instead of using network manager, download 'Wicd'

First uninstall network manager: sudo apt remove network-manager

Then download Wicd: Sudo apt install wicd

Then: sudo apt update

Sudo apt upgrade

Hopefully, that will work for you. It worked for me as I had the same wifi issue.


How do I switch between Unity and Unity 2D without logging out?

I use a script to switch between Metacity and Unity and another to reload unity when I need to.

A probable solution would involve:

#!/bin/sh

#stop Compiz and thus Unity.

killall compiz &

#make sure to kill any conflicting processes (just in case, but this is optional).

killall metacity &

#This does not always exit cleanly, so kill it with fire for surety that it is dead.
killall unity-panel-service &

#load Unity 2D.

metacity --replace&
unity-2d-shell &
unity-2d-panel &
disown

^-- to load Unity 2D, and:

#!/bin/sh
killall unity-2d-panel &
killall unity-2d-shell &
killall unity-2d-spread &
killall metacity &
unity &
disown

^-- to load Unity 3D

You could save them as scripts in your ~/bin folder, for example as unity2dloader and unity3dloader respectively, and then simply run them from the run dialogue (alt+f2).

You could also place them in your nautilus scripts folder, and run them from the Desktop by right clicking on the Desktop, choosing the scripts menu and then the appropriate script.


How can I customize colors of theme? (Specifically I want to change the color of tooltip)

Sadly, there is no "user friendly" way anymore. Gnome 3 doesnt come with a "gnome-appearance-properties"..

What you can do is make your own theme .. (I know ..) or tweak already existing themes. Even harder now, you have gtk2 and gtk3 themes to tweak...

For example, Ambiance:
Copy paste '/usr/share/themes/Ambiance' to '~/.themes/My_Ambiance'.

Edit colors (ie #FFFFFF, #??????) in '~/.themes/My_Ambiance/gtk-3.0/gtk.css' AND '~/.themes/My_Ambiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc'.

Changing tooltip_bg_color and tooltip_fg_color in both files should work for you.
You can use zenity --color-selection to select your color.

To apply your "new" theme, you can use myunity (in the repo).
You might have to restart X to see the changes.

PS: That's no anwser to your question (NOT USER FRIENDLY) but it was to big to post as a comment.


How to really password protect my laptop?

This is encrypted and password protected, but is unlocked when you log on to your computer. Otherwise you would have to enter your password every time it needed to look up a saved password, defeating the purpose. If you are worried about someone finding your laptop and seeing these, as long as you aren't logged in when they get it, they will just see the encrypted file.

If you leave your laptop unattended, set your screen to lock when away (using the Birhgtness/Lock) program or simply press CTRL-ALT-L to lock it immediately, which is also available by pressing the login/settings gear and hitting "Lock Screen".

When giving your laptop to a friend you don't trust, simply click on your user name and click guest session. That way they won't have any root privileges or be able to see any of your user files.

I believe you can also set a separate password for your keyring, so it is not unlocked automatically when you log in. Simply right click on "Passwords: login" from the Passwords and Keys program, and select "Change Password". You will then be asked for that password the first time you use your keyring, but it will stay unlocked for the duration of your session.


Removing Texlive From Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Installed using terminal, apt-get)

Well as it turns out, to do the job of removing TexLive, one simply needs to:

sudo apt-get purge texlive-*
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean

As suggested here
That's all!


us keyboard not working in 14.04 after removing *.xkm files from /var/lib/xkb

It seems, that problem was with the /var/lib/xkb folder write permissions. I changed it with:

sudo chmod a=rwx /var/lib/xkb

(which was not easy without english/us keyboard) And after reboot I was able to use US layout again.


Can't see HDD during install 12.04 on Lenovo U310

Partition tables are unreadable, they need to be GPT format.  I was not able save the OEM install.

This voids your warranty!!

There is bios bug with Intel Rapid start and Lenovo u310.  Disable it in the bios before continuing.  If you erase OEM partitions while bios is in Rapid Start mode, you lose a ability to enter bios setup, probably forever.  It was documented in u300 manual that you could enter the bios while in rapid start mode by using the "One key restore button", but it is conveniently missing from the u310 manual so it's not considered a defect, and it definitely doesnt work.  Boooooo...!!

Do clean shutdown for OEM windows and change disk controller to AHCI mode, and change boot order as needed. (raid mode may work, I didn't try it, you may be able to dual boot in raid mode)
Boot into live cd Ubuntu (be sure F2 option pops up on post, if not, you're in rapid start mode)
Search for "disk" in unity
Launch disk manager
Rewrite partitions as needed and install Ubuntu.

Known issues:  trackpad unsupported, right click button doesn't work.  Google it, there a fix that removes trackpad options like scrolling and tap click.

Cairo dock OpenGL mode buggy as heck.  No fix that I can find.

Beware rapid start bios issue.  Research it, disable it.  You have been warned.


Don't worry.

This is a Linux update for Firefox.

Firefox behaves the same as in Windows but for Linux.


Why is "virtualenv venv" not working on Ubuntu 18.04?

For it to be run when you install it with pip, it does not put it into your path. You must use the following command to put a symlink to it in into /usr/local/bin

ln -s /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py /usr/local/bin/virtualenv

However this is not necessary as you can just install it from the repositories instead of using PyPi by

sudo pip3 uninstall virtualenv && sudo apt-get install python3-virtualenv


There are multiple answers here, depending on what you want (this answer is valid in bash and zsh shells, others may vary).

If you need to run a command in background and you know it before running it, simply add a & at the end of the command (using sleep 60, do nothing during 1 minute, as example command):

[romano:~] % sleep 60 &
[1] 9054
1& [romano:~] %

If you have already run it, you can stop it with ctrl-Z, and when the shell gives you a prompt, you can background it with the command bg:

1& [romano:~] % sleep 60
^Z
[1]  + 9084 suspended  sleep 60
1z [romano:~] 20 % bg
[1]  + 9084 continued  sleep 60
1& [romano:~] %

In both cases, the process/job is still attached to your terminal; if you close your terminal a hangup (HUP) signal is sent to the process --- most process will gracefully exit then. If you need to ensure that the process will continue, you can either start it with:

nohup sleep 60 &

or, after having sent it to background with bg or with a simple &, tell the shell to forget about it, with:

disown %%

(%% is a job control shortcut, and here stands for the last process sent in background).

Then you have to take account of the output of the process --- in the first two cases the output will still arrive to the terminal; in the case of nohup it will be diverted on a file called nohup.out, and in the latter case (with disown) it will go to the terminal unless you close it, in which case the behavior is quite undefined. It is good practice to take care yourself of the output of a background process using redirection.


Applications menu in 11.04=> how to add a search/run box?

I think you mean the SUSE main menu, which looked like this:

It is no longer maintained, as far as I know, and it definitely won't work with the GNOME 3.x gnome-panel. However, you can get the source from http://git.gnome.org/browse/gnome-main-menu and attempt to use it, if you wish.


How can I alternate between two kiosk-mode appplications?

This is just me thinking aloud. Here's a script that should alternate between two blocking commands

#!/bin/bash

XBMC="xbmc-standalone"
STEAM="steam steam://open/bigpicture"

current=$XBMC

openbox-session  # urgh required by Steam for keyboard IO

while true; do
    $current  # blocks until exit code

    [[ "$?" -ne "0" ]] && continue

    if [[ $current == $XBMC ]]; then
        current=$STEAM
    else
        current=$XBMC
    fi
done

If I can call this instead of xbmc-standalone at X start-up, that should allow the script to stay alive indefinitely (which would keep X alive).


Juniper Network Connect not working on ubuntu 16.04

I recently needed to get this working as well. It's quite tricky. The main points:

You must install 32-bit Firefox (16.04 ships with the 64-bit version)
You must install 32-bit Oracle Java (not OpenJRE)
You must manually install the 32-bit Firefox plugin.

You cannot use the webupd8 Java installer to install Oracle's Java because it will always match your architecture and install the 64-bit version. Firefox will only run plugins that match its binary (32 or 64-bit).

Going through all of these steps:

Purge your previous versions of Java:

sudo apt-get purge openjdk*
sudo apt-get purge oracle-java*

Set up apt-get to retrieve 32-bit versions as an option.

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update

As in the original poster's guide, install the libraries needed by Juniper:

sudo apt-get install libstdc++6:i386 lib32z1 lib32ncurses5 libxext6:i386 libxrender1:i386 libxtst6:i386 libxi6:i386

Install Firefox 32-bit (this will automatically replace the 64-bit version):

sudo apt-get install firefox:i386

Manually download Oracle Java and install as described from this StackOverflow post or this Wiki. Make sure it's the 32-bit version. Here's the abbreviated installation instructions:

mkdir /opt/java
cp -r ~/Downloads/jre1.8.0_91 /opt/java/
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /opt/java/jre1.8.0_91/bin/java 1
update-alternatives --set java /opt/java/jre1.8.0_91/bin/java
export JAVA_HOME="/opt/java/jre1.8.0_91"

Now install the Firefox plugin. The other post recommends you put the plugin in the Firefox binary directory, but new versions of Firefox require you put plugins in your home directory under .mozilla/plugins:

mkdir ~/.mozilla/plugins
ln -sf $JAVA_HOME/lib/i386/libnpjp2.so  ~/.mozilla/plugins/

Restart Firefox and type about:plugins into the URL bar. You should see Java(TM) Plug-in 11.91.2 under the list.

You can also confirm Java is working by visiting https://www.java.com/verify/
Juniper looks in the wrong location for update-alternatives. Make a symlink from the real location to where Juniper will look for it:

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/update-alternatives /usr/sbin/update-alternatives

Here are Oracle's official documentation, which I did not find helpful but it reinforces this solution as being correct:

Install Java: https://java.com/en/download/help/linux_install.xml
Installing the Firefox plugin: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/webnotes/install/linux/linux-plugin-install.html


ubuntu 14.04 black screen when installing

I had this problem and solved using the nomodeset mentioned by @Xubu-Tur along with the nolapic. This last one was necessary otherwise it woudn't work, but I am assuming you can get to the installation window (it is not clear in your question), like shown below:

EDIT:

I see. I think the options beneath allow you to edit the boot parameters. If that is the case, then you can set the boot parameters adding "nomodeset" and "nolapic" to the same place of the "quiet" and "splash". In the end it should be something like (...) quiet splash nomodeset nolapic (...). In the link you provided in the question there is an example (the guy removed the quiet splash, but I don't think that is necessary).


Simply enter the following in a terminal:

curl wttr.in

And will get your location from /etc/timezone. Otherwise curl wttr.in/your_location. For example, for Tehran:

curl wttr.in/tehran

Which gives you:

You can also compare two cities:

diff -Naur <(curl -s http://wttr.in/london ) <(curl -s http://wttr.in/new-york )

Source code of developer is available on Github.


ubuntu 16.04 gives "X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)" when running OpenGL programs

Solved, I have setup what I want. I posted the answer shown below at GitHub.

  Remove all Nvidia packages and reinstall xorg packages.

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-video-intel libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

  Install cuda8. You need to:

  Press Crtl + Alt + F1 keys.

sudo service lightdm stop
sudo init 3

  I use cuda8 .run file to install it, then installing it will prompt if you want to install nvidia card driver?.

  Choose yes.

  It will prompt if you want to install nvidia opengl?

  Choose no, this is a crucial choice, if you say "yes" here it will cover "mesa*" libraries.

  After this, choose the default.

  After install, reboot.

sudo reboot


I can't copy and paste into the terminal in Unity 16.04 on a Chromebook

Try using ctrl + insert for copy and shift + insert for paste.


How to program a shell script to start another script and use the same variable values

Export the variable in the calling script:
read name
export name="$name"

This way, the variable will propagate to any called script and sub-shells.
To retrieve command line parameters in a script, use the variables "$1", "$2", ... These are populated with the different arguments you passed to the command. "$0" will retrieve the name of the command itself, "$@" will retrieve the entire parameter string at once.


Not sure if this helps you but if you use XFCE instead of Unity the problem goes away.

When you disable composite the system wants to revert to Unity 2D but that is not supported in Ubuntu since 12.10. Source here.

I use XFCE and there I can disable composite without any problems.


By removing "quiet splash" from GRUB configuration file, I was able to observe the output of the shutdown/reboot process. Seems that the OS is hanging form about 1m30s in "Restarting System", something that only happens when issuing a reboot (NOT on shutdown).


It seems that you need to visit corresponding software.opensuse.org OpenSuSe site and then follow instructions from it for the Ubuntu:

You can add the repository key to apt. Keep in mind that the owner of the key may distribute updates, packages and repositories that your system will trust (more information). To add the key, run:
wget -nv https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/Horst3180/xUbuntu_16.04/Release.key -O Release.key
sudo apt-key add - < Release.key
sudo apt-get update

Also note that OpenSuse build service page for this repository is located on build.opensuse.org.


'sudo' is not available (command is not in the PATH)

The instructions told you to run this command:

echo 'export PATH=~/.npm-global/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.profile #add directory to path

It seems you actually ran:

echo 'export PATH=~/.npm-global' >> ~/.profile

The problem is that you missed :$PATH.

$PATH is expanded to its value, which, all being well, should be something like /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games. Notice that the directories in PATH are colon (:) separated. That's why the original command has PATH=/new/path:$PATH - this puts the new path at the start of the reconstructed PATH variable.

I recommend you quote PATH assignments. You don't need to export PATH, because it's already in the environment and will remain so.

Replace the last line of your ~/.profile with

PATH="$HOME/.npm-global/bin:$PATH"

and all should be well.

I added /bin because the executables are probably in there, as the instructions suggest, but if for some reason they are not, you can adjust as appropriate. Path lookup is not recursive: the actual directory where the executable you want Bash to find is must be given in PATH. I also put $PATH first, but you can put it at the end. If there are two commands in PATH directories with the same name, the one closest to the start of PATH will be run.

Note: if you need to use critical commands when your PATH is broken, you can use their full paths, i.e /usr/bin/sudo. But if you haven't edited /etc/environment (which in general you probably shouldn't!) you can run source /etc/environment to get a sane PATH.


You just have to do this via mkusb tool https://help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/persistent
This will do the job automatically.
First check if the usb drive is ok and non damaged.


merging short text fragment on long sentence

With some python:

#! /usr/bin/python3

import sys

textfile = 'input.txt'
patfile = 'patterns.txt'

with open(textfile) as text:
    with open(patfile) as pat:
        patterns = [line.strip() for line in pat]

        for line in text:
            line = line.strip()
            print(line)
            out = line[:]
            for p in patterns:
                out = out.replace(p, '|'*len(p))
            print(''.join(v if v == '|' else ' ' for v in out))
            print(''.join(line[k] if v == '|' else ' ' for k, v in enumerate(out)))

Essentially, this does, for each line in the input file:

Prints the line, and takes a copy.
For every pattern, replace the occurrences of the pattern in the line with | in the copy.
Then it prints the copy with everything except | replaced with spaces.
Then it prints the original line's character wherever | occurs in the copy, or spaces otherwise.

I assume that the patterns are fixed string which don't contain |.


From your user account, try sudo apt-get purge w32codecs then sudo apt-get install w32codecs .


Adding PPA does not make new packages available

The PPA only has a mono package for Natty, not Maverick. The only package explicitly for  Maverick is Pinta.

You could edit your /etc/apt/sources.list (it might have a separate file of its own in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/) so the relevant line goes from something like this:

 deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/directhex/unstable/ubuntu maverick main

To this:

 deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/directhex/unstable/ubuntu natty main

This won't always work and might even break things but it's only Mono (I don't think anything critical to booting relies on it) so you could just use ppa-purge to drop the PPA and go back to stock packages.


wmctrl is such a package which will resize windows that are open.

The following is a quick - but not really elegant - way to launch and resize an application.

Create a file using your favourite text editor and add the following contents:

#!/bin/bash
easytag &
sleep 5
wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -e 0,-1,-1,1200,800

Obviously change "easytag" for your application you which to launch and change "1200,800" for the width and height of your application.

The script launches the application then sleeps for 5 seconds to allow enough time for the application to open.  Then wmctrl resizes the active window - which should be the newly opened application.

Add an execute permission on the file

chmod +x

you can now run the new executable from - for example - a launcher on the desktop.


How do I enable docker as a service without re-installing docker?

Update Aug 12 2019

For your systemd goals, you may want to simply install regular docker and not use it via snap. From:

Why does snap need to wrap systemd?

  We do this for several reasons:

  the fact that systemd is used to launch services is an implementation detail of snapd that we do not want to expose to snap
  developers. It is entirely possible that another mechanism could be
  used on different distributions or in the future, and we don’t want
  snap developers to have to deal with transitions or making the snap
  only usable on distros with systemd
  snaps can be installed on any number of systems with varying systemd versions. Exposing the unit files directly in the manner you
  describe could cause problems with snaps using units with newer
  systemd directives than the systemd on the system supports
  the systemd unit specification is extremely rich and flexible and exposing the entirety of the unit specification would allow snaps to
  influence the system and other snaps in unpredictable and undesirable
  ways that are counter to snapd’s design surrounding application
  isolation, reverts, dependencies, etc, etc

  Because of the above, we do not plan to wrap the entire systemd unit
  specification (as you said, that would be unreasonable) and we are
  exposing a subset of the functionality. Do note that the subset of
  functionality is being expanded and reevaluated based on feedback from
  the field (eg, most recently timers and the thread you mentioned 7).
  Importantly, we want to expose needed functionality to developers in a
  manner that is consistent with snapd’s design principles and work
  everywhere in the cross-distribution ecosystem.

Systemd setup with "Regular" docker

Configure docker to start on boot says:

Configure Docker to start on boot

Most current Linux distributions (RHEL, CentOS, Fedora, Ubuntu 16.04 and higher) use systemd to manage which services start when the system boots. Ubuntu 14.10 and below use upstart.

systemd

$ sudo systemctl enable docker

To disable this behavior, use disable instead.

$ sudo systemctl disable docker

Also Control Docker with systemd says:

Control Docker with systemd

Many Linux distributions use systemd to start the Docker daemon. This document shows a few examples of how to customize Docker’s settings.

Start the Docker daemon

Start manually

Once Docker is installed, you need to start the Docker daemon. Most Linux distributions use systemctl to start services. If you do not have systemctl, use the service command.

systemctl:

$ sudo systemctl start docker
service:

$ sudo service docker start

Manually create the systemd unit files

When installing the binary without a package, you may want to integrate Docker with systemd. For this, install the two unit files (service and socket) from the github repository to /etc/systemd/system.

docker.service

[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target docker.socket firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
Requires=docker.socket

[Service]
Type=notify
# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still
# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required
# for containers run by docker
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd://
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=1048576
# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
# Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.
#TasksMax=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers
Delegate=yes
# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup
KillMode=process
# restart the docker process if it exits prematurely
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

docker.socket

[Unit]
Description=Docker Socket for the API
PartOf=docker.service

[Socket]
# If /var/run is not implemented as a symlink to /run, you may need to
# specify ListenStream=/var/run/docker.sock instead.
ListenStream=/run/docker.sock
SocketMode=0660
SocketUser=root
SocketGroup=docker

[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target


Installing Ubuntu from an external hard drive

If it is OK to overwrite the external drive, you can use several tools, that normally are used to work with USB pendrives, and make the external drive a live drive and it will be seen like it were a USB pendrive by the system.

Start by backing up whatever data you want to keep from the external drive to another drive or to an internet cloud service.
In Ubuntu: mkusb-dus might notice that it is a hard disk drive (or SSD), and ask if you really want to install into that drive. After confirming things will work the same way as if it were a USB pendrive.

In Windows: After checking the md5sum you can clone the Ubuntu iso file with Win32 Disk Imager to the external drive.

Check and double-check, that you have selected the correct target drive. Otherwise you might overwrite valuable data. Format the external drive with a file system, that Windows can see, for example NTFS, FAT 32 or exFAT. Use the available tools in Windows to identify and select the correct drive. See the following picture,

You can also use Rufus. It can also find  a hard disk drive (or SSD), as illustrated with the following picture.


For those who come here at this time or later, especially if you have never messed with the system wide default in /etc/pulse/default.pa, do note that if you have a ~/.config/pulse/default.pa it completely replaces the system wide default.

In other words: If you get the error message

[pulseaudio] main.c: Daemon startup without any loaded modules, refusing to work.

check if you intentionally or accidentally have a file at .config/pulse/default.pa

If yes, try to move it to a backup location, and then restart pulseaudio. For example with opening a terminal, then typing

mv .config/pulse/default.pa ~/default.pa.bak
pulseaudio -vvvvv

If you now see lots of lines scroll by, more specifically statements of modules loaded, then you know that you have solved the original issue.

Because this is hard to track down, especially if you are forgetful (like me), or because you got convinced by one of the many web pages dealing with pulseaudio issues that you should have a default.pa in the first place, there's already a launchpad bug filed against the behaviour that a user specific default.pa replaces the system wide default.pa. Thanks to Jim Carter for pointing me in the right direction.

Now, if you also must fix the issue that pulseaudio at startup always directs sound to the wrong device, then you can configure your ~/.config/pulse/default.pa to hardcode the default output device with statements such as

set-card-profile 0 output:analog-stereo
set-default-sink 1

This is what I used to have in my config file, in order to prevent the computer from trying to output sound through HDMI connections. However in order for this to work, you would still have to add all the content of the /etc/pulse/default.pa file before those statements. Since that is error prone - consider what happens when the next apt-get dist-upgrade changes the system wide defaults - you can source the default config before your own statements.

My full user specific pulseaudio config file thus is

.include /etc/pulse/default.pa

set-card-profile 0 output:analog-stereo
set-default-sink 1

Btw, the full list of commands usable in these config files can be listed in a terminal by typing

man pulse-cli-syntax


Missing sshd process name from netstat results

You could also use

  lsof -i:22

to list the active ssh sessions and daemons running.


What the difference between linux-tools virtual / generic / euclid / etc?

linux-tools are used for the kernel performance evaluation and related to the particular version of the kernel.
The kernel update policy flavours description is provided in the Ubuntu RollingLTSEnablementStack:

ga  - General Availability, a standard Ubuntu kernel with the fixed version
hwe  - HardWare Enablement stack, indicates an incremental rolling updates of the kernel (the versions vary in time)
hwe-edge  - early access to the upcoming HWE Stack, can be thought as an experimental hwe for the final testing before the global release

Ubuntu provides 2 kinds (flavours) of the kernel, the informal brief description is:

generic  - standard kernel recommended for majority users, it aims to optimize overall scheduling performance in the multi-process and multi-threaded execution environments but does not provide any guarantees for the maximal scheduling delays
lowlatency  - specialized kernel with the near real-time execution of the processes and guaranteed limits for the maximal scheduling delays


How to disable guest session ONLY from login screen?

I have an open PAM-related question right now, so I can say from experience that modifying any PAM modules can quickly get very specific to the version of Ubuntu you are working with. What works for Precise, may not always work for Quantal, etc.

That said, the answer to your question probably does not require any changes to PAM modules. In fact, you almost have it.

Add this line to the bottom of /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

greeter-allow-guest=false

My lightdm.conf looks like this:

[SeatDefaults]

greeter-session=unity-greeter

user-session=ubuntu

greeter-allow-guest=false

Now restart your machine.

On 12.10, I tested that this removes Guest from the user menu, but leaves it as a manual option once logged in on another account.

Pretty sure this will work for you on 12.04 as well.


Build issue after moving to Ubuntu 16.04

Got the issue. Its because of the GCC compiler version. Need to include
 #include "stdint.h" for uint32_t to resolve the issue. It has nothing to do with Ubuntu version but with GCC versions. During upgrade of OS GCC got updated.


The most simple solution is to add Everyone credentials for the whole network folder that is shared by windows, adding at least the list and read permissions. You can add more permissions if you would like.
Doing so will inherit those permissions to every existing and future file that will be stored in the folder.

This will work for SMB and NFS shares by windows.
This solution is good for a home network or any network where you trust all members in it.


Graphics not working on Ryzen 2400g ubuntu 18.04.2

seeing as you are all ears, I'll risk it.

I now have a stable 19.04 with my Ryzen 2500u with the default Ubuntu amdgpu drivers. As I understand it no additional drivers are available.

do you get  any grub menu?
if not, edit the /boot/grub.grub.cfg so that after the default timeout=30 the additional timeout=0, change those to a positive number, and be prepared to do that on any grub update, and possible under other scenarios.
You might need to boot liveCD and mount your main drive to get to that file.

and for blank screen, I posted  question and answer here
AMD Ryzen 2500U blank screen on boot after update

sudo rm /lib/firmware/amdgpu_raven_dmcu.bin

that file also reinstates itself on grub updates.

and for random lockups in /etc/default/grub you might like to add
     idle=nomwait
like here
    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash idle=nomwait "

It is quite stable now for me.(suspending is the last remaining major issue)


"graphic driver: Unknown" when using an ATI Radeon Xpress 200M

You cant change that, the last driver that supported your hardware was 2 and half years ago, 9.3 which you cannot run with the current versions of xorg and kernel present in Ubuntu.

You cant install the current fglrx for your card, stick with the drivers open-source drivers present in your system.

Radeon (Catalyst Legacy & Open Source)

ATI/AMD dropped Catalyst support for these cards in Catalyst 9-4. These cards are supported with the legacy ATI 9-3 Catalyst release, but you MUST use a kernel 2.6.28 (or earlier) and Xserver 1.5 (or earlier). For example, you can use Catalyst 9-3 if you're running Ubuntu 8.04 or Debian Lenny/5.0. Open source support is good and 3D is still improving.

* RS400/RS480 Radeon XPRESS 200(M)/1100 IGP


How can I view my northbridge, hypertransport, and RAM speed in Linux?

For RAM speed

you can use the dmidecode:

sudo dmidecode --type memory | grep Speed

OR use lshw:

sudo lshw -short -C memory

A northbridge known also host bridge  and hypertransport can be found by the command lshw:

sudo lshw

you can redirect the output to a text file:

sudo lshw  > hwFile.txt

Then search in hwFile for host bridge and hypertransport

Here is sample of mine:

description: Host bridge
          product: Xeon E5/Core i7 DMI2
          vendor: Intel Corporation
          physical id: 100
          bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
          version: 07
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 33MHz


From the command line you can do sudo do-release-upgrade and it will move you from Oneric to Precise.

Does Muon give you any error messages about when you try to do the update?


What's the best way to avoid getting hacked by anyone, e.g. governments or other criminals?

I have heard that the Secret Services of several counties are moving back to a paper system. Honestly if informations systems security is your goal you should consider learning about "The Tor Anonymity Project," and "The Tails Amnesic Incognito Live System." You should probably also know how to implement "GNU Privacy Guard," and the GPG Tools Suite that goes along with your OS distribution, and your email application. Unfortunate no current computer system should be considered 100% secure. Even systems that have been "air gaped" from a network can be, and have been compromised. The best we can hope for is keeping really critical information in a drawer, or in our heads. ----Best of Luck!


Try the following in a terminal:

sudo rfkill unblock all
sudo ifconfig wlan0 up

If your laptop has a hardware wifi switch, try that. Try various combinations of these.


Assuming the VirtualHost tags are fine.
It's probably because the ServerAlias isn't used if there is no ServerName present.
Try it again after changing ServerAlias to ServerName in your second VirtualHost.

A good reminder is to set ServerName for the first name and use ServerAlias for any additional aliases.

Do note though if you are going to use another directory (outside of /var/www) that the permissions are set properly. Also if SELinux is used, the appropriate context needs to be set for that directory. But that's properly not an issue unless you enable SELinux yourself.


As a quick hack, launch dbus-launch tomboy.


What documents are available for Juju Design and Architecture?

You haven't specified what you have already read or what experience level you are at. Here is a link to an Ubuntu juju tutorial.

Additionally, here is the link to the chram store.
I've also found this 3rd party intro useful for a brief 3000 foot view of juju offerings.


Yes, you are running the full OS, but not in the most optimal way. None of the problems you have will have been caused by this though, so I would advise against replacing windows until you find a solution for them.


Run Ubuntu when Windows 10 won't boot up

Yes, by default Ubuntu will run in "Live" mode via a USB stick without making any permanent changes to your system. You could even unplug the hard drive if you really wanted and it would run entirely off the USB stick. You will be prompted with an option to Install or continue running in Live mode. You can also copy existing files from your Windows installation to the Internet, a local file share server or install Ubuntu along side Windows keeping those files for access later.


If you are new to Ubuntu use os-uninstaller to install open terminal(ctrl+Alt+T)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/os-uninstaller

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install os-uninstaller

you can see how to do it here http://www.hecticgeek.com/2012/03/os-uninstaller-grub-remover-ubuntu-linux/

or

you can also try this if you did not install Ubuntu with Wubi, then open Gparted and remove the xp partition(careful recheck before deleting, otherwise you may delete some other partition and may lose data) it wont effect the Ubuntu 14.04. after that run this command in terminal(ctrl+Alt+T)

  sudo update-grub

I recommend you to use the first one using os-uninstaller


Oracle does not provide PPA repositories.

I recommend using WepUpd8 installers repository, that download installations files from Oracle, asks for license agreement (once only) and installs all goodies including command alternatives. It is also very up-to-date.


Have tearing (no Vsync) in movies (Nvidia proprietary driver)

The source of problem was (of course) faulty nvidia drivers. The solution is simple. Add environmental variables:

export __GL_YIELD="USLEEP"
export __GL_THREADED_OPTIMIZATIONS=1

somewhere before X starts. System-wide /etc/profile/ works fine.


Run the script file after 5 or 10 min after restarting the system

Add sleep 600; to the beginning of your crontab command to make it wait for 600 seconds before proceeding to the next step.

Your new crontab command would look like

@reboot sleep 600; find ${HOME}/my_app/check_conn.rb


From what I can tell, this is caused by an update to Libre Office- I'd downloaded an update just before this started happening.

I'm taking what I can off with a USB boot stick running in "try Ubuntu" mode, then reinstalling, since there doesn't seem to be a way to uninstall programs from this mode- if anyone knows of one that'd be useful.


Maybe try this...
The comment in /etc/bluetooth/input.conf says it should already default to '0' so this shouldn't be needed, but explicitly setting IdleTimeout to 0 like this seems to have worked for me, I am using Ubuntu 20.04
sudo sed -i 's/#IdleTimeout=30/IdleTimeout=0/g' /etc/bluetooth/input.conf


Command to delete all files from folders matching name recursivly?

In bash, you can enable globstar and use ** to match directories recursively

shopt -s globstar
echo rm -rf ./**/*cache*/*

See Pattern Matching


How to enter a directory with the 'cd' command if it has 700 permission and is not owned by me?

sudo cd won't work because the cd command is built into the shell. So you are saying become root and then run this command. You become root and then the command after sudo is searched for but there is no cd command to find.

The method to use is to switch to the user that owns the directory. Permission 700 is meant as "owner can read, write and execute".

So if root owns the directory sudo -i, password and then cd {dir} is the only correct method. If someone else owns the directory you can still use the 1st method but can also change to that user with su {username} and then use cd as that user.


Are you using a Live Image, or the Alternate Install image?  In the past I had issues installing Ubuntu from a Live image so I downloaded the Alternate Install and it worked fine.


You dont't have to install through PECL or install the MagickWand. Just follow the following steps and everything will work fine.

First of all remove everything what you have tried to make it work. Uninstall ImageMagick by following command,

sudo apt-get remove imagemagick

sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove imagemagick

sudo apt-get purge imagemagick

Well, all your previous installation files are just gone.
Now Install it purely and perfectly without any conflict or file modification. Enter the following two commands,

sudo apt-get install imagemagick

sudo apt-get install php5-imagick

That was way too easy - thanks interwebs! Remember to restart/reload your webserver..

sudo service apache2 graceful

That's all. Check your php.ini or test with any simple script. You can find some simple scripts here


how to use default lxde theme instead of lubuntu-theme?

You should Install the Vanilla lxde:

sudo apt-get install lxde


How do I enable WebGL support on an Intel NM10?

Although I am strugling myself to get WebGL working, I am almost certain that the 64-bit version of your OS does not help. My suggestion is to use Ubuntu 12.04 32-bit. Let me know your progress.


Best way to install a service as part of a debian package

What I do is create a .../debian folder in my projects and create a .service file for the daemon. I also add one command line option like so in the .../debian/rules file:
%:
    dh $@ --with systemd --parallel

That option tells the system to use systemd to handle the .service file (otherwise it falls back on SYS-V).
The one other thing to remember to do is add the #DEBHELPER# in your post/pre inst/rm scripts. These are very important since that's what actually makes it all work.
For example, here is a configuration in a postinst script:
#!/bin/sh

if [ "$1" = "configure" ]
then
     # Turn on IP forwarding
     echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
fi

#DEBHELPER#

The position in your script will depend on what you do in your script. i.e. if you want to run a command after the service was started, then place the #DEBHELPER# before. If you need to finish up configuration that your service is going to use, then place the #DEBHELPER# after that configuration.
I have example in my Snap! project.
Note: if you have a project with more than one daemon, you can use the .../debian folder trick for one of them. The other, you have to install by hand (on your own).


How to update VLC to the latest version?

I've just found the official VLC PPA.

Stable version snapshots

For the current stable version of VLC that is ppa:videolan/stable-daily (currently version 2.0)

Add it to your system

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/stable-daily

Update and upgrade / install VLC

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install vlc

For the daily master snapshots

For the master daily (testing) that is ppa:videolan/master-daily (currently version 2.1)

Add it to your system

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/master-daily

Update and upgrade / install VLC

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install vlc

For more information about PPAs please visit the following post

What are PPAs and how do I use them?


Google Chrome Cleanup Tool for Ubuntu (Linux) like Windows?

The best option may be to remove and reinstall chrome.

sudo apt purge google-chrome-stable
rm -r ~/.config/google-chrome
sudo apt install google-chrome-stable

If you wanted to just remove the user config files without reinstalling run the following command:

rm -r ~/.config/google-chrome


Adobe Flash disabled in Chromium after update. How to fix this?

Try this.  Open terminal, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

chromium-browser --enable-plugins

If that works, then go to Applications -->Internet -->Chromium Browser and right click it, add to panel.Right click the new chromium icon and add the following command where it says command

chromium-browser --enable-plugins