You can disable it with hdparm, open your text editor and edit the /etc/hdparm.conf and uncomment the "write_cache = off" line. Reboot, to check if it worked, type sudo hdparm -i /dev/sdX ( use your drive leter ), and check the AdvancedPM line, in the end says the state of the write cache.

EDIT: you can check the hdparm -i /dev/sdX to see how is the write_cache option before changing.

EDIT2: use -o sync when mounting a partition to avoid writing the cache, I don't know about the reading part.


Does the files gets deleted from U1 servers when I stop synchronizing

I don't know how much time the U1 servers keep the folder you delete. But I have found that the folders are not deleted immediately. I have deleted a folder with many GB and the synchronized again and in a couple of minutes it was all ok again. With my net speed it's impossible to upload so many GB  in so few minutes.


No, you would still have to reinstall. Only backup what is necessary like pictures, video, music, not system files for Ubuntu.


How to enable: Switch back to running GUI from TTY in 18.04

The part you are look for is at the bottom from: Switch to Console in Ubuntu 18.04 - How to Leave GUI?

  In Ubuntu 18.04, they have changed things around and you cannot get to
  tty1, it is always showing the display manager / login screen. If you
  log in, you then cannot get to tty2 because it becomes the GUI for the
  first logged in user. The tradition of both GUIs showing on tty7 has
  ended.

  You can get to tty3 by pressing
  Ctrl+Alt+F3, tty4 by pressing
  Ctrl+Alt+F4, tty5 by pressing
  Ctrl+Alt+F5 and tty6 by pressing
  Ctrl+Alt+F6.

  You can then switch between tty3-6 by pressing Alt with the
  appropriate F-key.

  Finally, you can get back to the GUI with Alt+F1 for the login chooser or
  Alt+F2 for the logged-in user's desktop.

To make a long story short use: Alt+F2

If the function keys don't work you can try these instructions.

In summary you can type:

sudo chvt 2

to switch to TTY2.

There is a lot more you can do with commands to bypass the function keys. Please read the link.


ttf-mscorefonts-installer 3.7 failure dialog still appearing

Manually download the Debian v3.7 package, purge the Ubuntu version and then install the Debian package.  That'll successfully download all the files.

wget http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/pool/contrib/m/msttcorefonts/ttf-mscorefonts-installer_3.7_all.deb

sudo apt-get purge ttf-mscorefonts-installer

sudo dpkg -i ttf-mscorefonts-installer_3.7_all.deb


Can't boot windows 10 after Ubuntu installation

You can try the boot-repair tool. Open terminal and type the following to install.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

Then run boot-repair by typing boot-repair in terminal and then select the Recommended repair option. When repair is finished, note the URL (paste.ubuntu.com/XXXXX) that appeared on a paper, then reboot and check if you recovered access to your Windows, if not comment with the URL.

For more details visit https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


How can I increase the size of my /var und shrink it from /home or other patition?

Some filesystems allow hot (as in during operation) size adjustments (expand & shrink), others do not, and I can't comment on your fs (filesystem) as I don't know what it is (nor your host-image or host service sorry).

There are other ways to accomplish your desired result anyway; from links (hard ideally, soft if desired; ln command), but for some uses this is easy, others no so, and I don't fully know what you need.

Another solution requiring less work is to create a directory in your /home that is then mounted to an appropriate directory in your existing structure with something like

mkdir /home/space
 mount --bind /home/space /wherever/youneed/thespace

note: i'm ignoring permissions as I don't know what you'll require; which may be as little as sudo for each command, plus of course your testing to ensure it'll work with your use-case.  This will only work if the /wherever/youneed/thespace is useful to you, so adjust to suit your needs


Adding Dropbox space to Ubuntu One Cloud

No, the two services are not inter-operable.


Which should I choose : Asus UX31 vs. Macbook Air

The Asus UX31 has a few Ubuntu Forums threads but this one seems to highlight the main issues and work around one of them. Multitouch doesn't seem to work yet. Suspend works if you follow the SUSPEND_MODULES hacks on the later pages.

The MacBook Air 4,2 has a wiki page detailing the current status of the hardware. When using the Wiki to determine hardware compatibility you should look to see what version of Ubuntu it's using. In this case, it's fairly up to date, using Oneiric.

There are a few worrying issues including the screen but the community support is there. There is a script you run and shazaam, most of everything seems to work.

In my opinion: there is probably a laptop out there that works better than both of these but given the choice, the MacBook is probably going to involve the fewest major issues after the first week (of you fixing things). If you need USB3 however (and you might want it in the future) that might rule it out.

They're both premium hardware with extremely premium price tags so choose wisely.


Fresh install of 14.04 - now unable to connect to Unifi Access point (others work)

I had this problem occur on two machines connecting to Ubiquiti's UAP-LR access point. No matter what I tried I could not get this to work by tweaking the config / modules, etc. on the laptops.

I was running 2.4.6 of the unifi controller software, which is the latest "stable" version. I installed 3.2.1 which immediately upgraded the firmware on my AP and this resolved my problem. Both machines can now connect.

If your controller is running on Ubuntu, simply run:

sudo apt-get install unifi-rapid

This will automatically upgrade. Be sure to make a backup of your config first.


Install the German language packs:

sudo apt-get install libreoffice-help-de
sudo apt-get install libreoffice-l10n-de

and then change the language in LibreOffice again


What is the current status of windicators?

I haven't heard anything about Windicators since I answered that last question. I admit I'm not everywhere and I don't see everything but I'd have expected to have seen something if development was ongoing.

The problem with them is they'd be a complete nightmare to implement just to do half the things Mark was hoping they would... Especially if you want to do that in a nice, standard way that works for all applications.

The effort is far better spent on making Unity good.

I consider Windicators abandoned -- but I'm not in charge of anything :) They may well get pulled up later on but I can't say if or when that'll happen.


How can I check download statistics for my application?

Unfortunately, the answer is that for now you can't.

Open Source apps at zero cost are distributed through the extras archive at extras.ubuntu.com, and downloads are not tracked from there.

Commercial apps are distributed through private PPAs, which have a reliable method to count downloads and purchases, which are then shown in the graph you're seeing.

So I'm afraid that until there is an implementation for a reliable method of counting downloads from a packaging archive (extras in this case) the download stats will remain disabled for Open Source apps at zero cost.


Latest strongswan update broken in 18.10

I went to packages.ubuntu.com and downloaded strongswan-starter_5.6.3-1ubuntu4.1_amd64.deb and manually reinstalled it, and IT didn't install /etc/ipsec.conf either!

I manually extracted ipsec.conf from the .deb file, copied it to /etc/ipsec.conf, chmod 644 /etc/ipsec.conf, and made sure it was root:root, then sudo systemctl restart ipsec.

sudo systemctl status ipsec now shows correctly.

The /etc/ipsec.conf file looks like this...

# ipsec.conf - strongSwan IPsec configuration file

# basic configuration

config setup
    # strictcrlpolicy=yes
    # uniqueids = no

# Add connections here.

# Sample VPN connections

#conn sample-self-signed
#      leftsubnet=10.1.0.0/16
#      leftcert=selfCert.der
#      leftsendcert=never
#      right=192.168.0.2
#      rightsubnet=10.2.0.0/16
#      rightcert=peerCert.der
#      auto=start

#conn sample-with-ca-cert
#      leftsubnet=10.1.0.0/16
#      leftcert=myCert.pem
#      right=192.168.0.2
#      rightsubnet=10.2.0.0/16
#      rightid="C=CH, O=Linux strongSwan CN=peer name"
#      auto=start


On Ubuntu 18.04 LTS you can use any tool from list below:

GNOME Font Viewer

sudo apt-get install gnome-font-viewer

GTK+ Font Manager

sudo apt-get install font-manager

You can launch it with font-manager, it looks like:

GWaterfall

sudo apt-get install gwaterfall

You can launch it with waterfall, it looks like:

MATE Font Viewer

sudo apt-get install mate-control-center

You can launch it with mate-font-viewer, it looks like:


I found the solution by myself. Inspired by XUbuntu: Make Shift+NumPad work like Windows
I do
in the KEYBOARD CONFIGURATION FILE
/etc/default/keyboard
change

XKBOPTIONS=""

to

XKBOPTIONS="numpad:microsoft"

save and reboot
It was told "You may need to run

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

for changes to take effect." but I don't do that. After reboot the behavior of the numpad is like I know it form Microsoft Windows Keyboard settings.

I just like to post this for anyone who got the same problem.
Thanks all which have tried to help me.


How to achieve echo cancellation with Pulse Audio?

Skype handles echo itself, so this is not handled by PulseAudio. Empathy has a tick-box in preferences to enable echo cancellation, which will then make it tell PulseAudio to take the appropriate steps to enable AEC. Ideally, things should just work out of the box.

By default, PulseAudio will try to use the webrtc canceller which is pretty good. Unfortunately the 12.10 pulseaudio package does not use this. It will use the speex canceller which is reasonably good. I believe that enabling support for the webrtc engine is something being considered for the next Ubuntu release.


Mount disk from Synology/Xpenology with mdadm on Ubuntu

You could try the next:

mdadm --assemble --readonly /dev/md0 /dev/sda3
mount /dev/sda3 /mnt

or

find out what raid devices you have: ls -l /dev/md/
mount it using mount /dev/md/sp:X /mnt

Reference


error while loading shared libraries: libz.so.1:

Although there is no question posted, I assume you want to move forward with apt-get install zlib1g:i386.

Do sudo apt-get -f install, similar to what was suggested.
That should fix your dependency system.

What exactly does sudo apt-get -f install do?


My FujiFilm Finepix HS50EXP used to work fine on Ubuntu 13

Install Common camera drivers.

sudo apt-get install libsbigudrv2 libsbigudrv0 guvcview


Lost internet connection while installing

It really depends on when during the installation you lost connection. If you lost it after the download completed you (most likely) aren't going to have problems. However, just to be safe I'd recommend you to check and make sure it works as intended (If it doesn't work properly please run sudo apt-get purge keepassx; sudo apt-get install keepassx)


There seems to be a few bugs in linux kernel relating to this:

https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=95461


Open your hosts file

sudo nano /etc/hosts

And remove the YouTube entries.


You can simply download it here. Or you can buy it here, and they will ship it to you. But note that you won't need it(user manual), except installation. It's simpler than Windows.


cant start windows 7 after ubuntu dual boot upgraed

Ordinarily boot repair solves issues of simple grub issues.  That report you posted revealed a problem I've never seen before, or even heard mention of.  I refer to line 731 which reads, "Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary."  The good news is that theoretically this may be something you can fix by yourself using gparted.  It may be as simple as deleting partitions 5 and 6 and then deleting partition 4 as well.  After you do all that you can install Ubuntu again but this time in more traditional manner that should not be prone to these problems.


myanmar font on firefox at ubuntu didn't work out

Visit this link to download anyone of the fonts mentioned below

Myanmar 1,2,3
Paduak
Parabaik
Zawgyi-One

download the .ttf font and place the font in /home/user/.fonts(~/.fonts) directory. If the .fonts directory is not available, go ahead and create.

Refresh the fonts cache using command.

sudo fc-cache -f -v

This should help you to read the Myanmar font properly


Symbolic link doesn't use target working directory

You can't, you need to make a wrapper script.

Assuming that the program relies on the filename for determining the script (likely):

#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/local/android-ndk-r5/ndk-build "$@"

Assuming that the program relies on the current working directory (unlikely):

#!/bin/sh
cd /usr/local/android-ndk-r5
exec ./ndk-build "$@"

Save one of these files in /usr/local/bin/ndk-build and make it executable:

sudo editor /usr/local/bin/ndk-build
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/ndk-build


Can't install Ubuntu Landscape on Raspberry Pi

It would appear that in that PPA there are only packages for landscape server for i386 and amd64 architectures, meaning at this time I don't think it's supported to run landscape server on a raspberry pi. The landscape client will run on the pi if you wish to manage the pi using landscape, but you won't be able to use it to host that particular server.

The reason it's coming up not found is either because that package (the server) isn't available for your current platform or for your current version of Ubuntu (it's only supported on 14.04 Trusty or 16.04 Xenial - LTS releases.)

If you want to run Landscape Server on premises, I'm afraid that at this time you will need an i386 or x64 system running one of those LTS releases in order to try it out.


From the graphical desktop ( >= 12.10)
There is no need to run gparted only to give a partition a label. Just open Disks from the Dash:

Select the drive on the left panel and choose the partition to label in the volumes section. Then click on the highlighted area with the cogwheels for "More Actions" to reveal the menu shown above. This will let you "Edit Filesystem Label..." for the selected partition.

From the graphical desktop ( <= 12.04 LTS)
For release 12.04 LTS and earlier the application Disk Utility can be used for editing partition labels:

Note: after we had changed a label we may have to edit our fstab with the new label in case we mount disks by label.

From the command line
Replace /dev/sdxN with your partition (e.g. /dev/sdc1).

for FAT32:
  sudo mlabel -i /dev/sdxN ::"my_label"

or:
  sudo fatlabel /dev/sdxN my_label

for NTFS:
  sudo ntfslabel /dev/sdxN my_label

for exFAT:
  sudo exfatlabel /dev/sdxN my_label

for ext2/3/4:
  sudo e2label /dev/sdxN my_label

for BTRFS:
  sudo btrfs filesystem label /dev/sdxN my_label


What are some CD Ripping Programs you can use on Ubuntu?

Ubuntu Default CD Ripping Software :

To rip a CD, you will require a suitable CD-ripping application. One is installed by default on Ubuntu, and there are others available through Ubuntu's software channels, as reported in the Ubuntu Documentation.

Sound Juicer

Sound Juicer is Ubuntu's default CD-ripping application, and also has the ability to play your CDs and download track data from the Internet.

To rip a CD using Sound Juicer, simply insert an audio CD; Sound Juicer should start automatically. Alternatively, you can select Sound Juicer from Applications -> Sound & Video -> Audio CD Extractor. By default, the CD will be encoded into the OggVorbis format, a Free Format. If you wish to rip a CD to a non-free format such as MP3 or AAC, you will need to install some additional software.

Kubuntu Default CD Ripping Software :

There are two methods of ripping an Audio CD in a default installation of Kubuntu. One is using Konqueror's audiocd:/ KIO-slave and the other is KaudioCreator (KMenu->Multimedia->KaudioCreator). On inserting the Audio CD, you should be presented with the KDE Audio CD Daemon asking you what you wish to do. To use the KIO-slave method (which is relatively easier), select the 'Open in a new Window' option. Or, if you prefer using KAudioCreator, select the Extract and Encode Audio tracks option.

Using audiocd:/ to rip a CD

In Konqueror's location bar, type audiocd:/ and press enter. You should now see the tracks in the CD along with folders named Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, MP3 etc. Click on the folder which corresponds to the format in which you wish to encode, eg. Ogg Vorbis.

Now, copy the tracks that you need from that folder and paste it in the desired location (/home/kubuntu in the example). The tracks are automagically ripped, encoded and copied to the location you specified!

Note: Copying speeds might not be as fast as those achieved when copying a file directly from the CD as the files are also being ripped and encoded. If you wish to modify some of the settings (like editing the tagging sytax or modifying the encoding settings), you can access it either through System Settings (KMenu->System Settings->Sound and Multimedia->Audio CD) or through KDE Control Center (kcontrol).

Using KAudioCreator

Launch KaudioCreator (Kmenu->Multimedia->KaudioCreator). It should automatically display the tracks in the disc. You can modify the settings to suit your needs (Settings->Configure KaudioCreator), and also choose an encoder. Click on the Rip Selection icon to start the Ripping and encoding process.

Other CD Ripping Software :
In alphabetical order.

ABCDE

Those who want a no-nosense, fast, customizable ripping solution should try ABCDE.

And example conversion from CD to AAC/MP4:

abcde -a cddb,read,encode,tag,move,playlist,clean -d /dev/cdrom -o m4a -V -x

Asunder

Asunder is an easy-to-use, plain CD ripper that converts into MP3, OGG, FLAC, WAV, and the new open codec WavPack. Asunder is in the Ubuntu repository and can be installed with Synaptic or Software Center.

Grip

I have been using Grip until Edgy. It's very easy to use but still very configurable.

Note: Grip is no longer supported by its developers, or by Debian or Ubuntu. It has been removed from the repositories in Ubuntu 9.10.

Ripper X

To install:

sudo apt-get install ripperx

RubyRipper

RubyRipper has been recommended in many forum threads and seems to be one of Linux's best ripping solutions. Also, many feel the closest to EAC in quality of rips.

RubyRipper is not included in the default Ubuntu install and is not included in any of the repositories. Fortunately there is a DEB package available.

To install:

1.Install dependencies by typing in the terminal:

sudo apt-get install cd-discid cdparanoia flac lame mp3gain normalize-audio ruby-gnome2 ruby vorbisgain

2.Download the DEB package from here and follow the instructions.

Alternate install:

Open a terminal window and type:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:aheck/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rubyripper
sudo apt-get install rubyripper-gtk


Should I use the Nouveau Gallium 3D driver?

It's easy to test, just install the package

libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental

If for whatever reason it doesn't work, boot into recovery mode (press and hold the Shift key when powering on the system to get the GRUB menu, then choose the recovery entry), select Drop to a root shell prompt and run:

apt-get purge libgl1-mesa-dri-experimental

The drawback: its performance isn't on par with Nvidia's binary driver, but even with old cards it should be enough to run Compiz/Unity (given that there are no compatibility issues).


Sony BTN200 bluetooth headphone on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

You have to turn off your headphones, and then hold the power button for about 6-7 seconds until the light starts blinking red and blue. Then your headphones will be visible for the laptop.


Another solution are gpg-encryption. You can eckrypt a directory using gpg and peoples public gpg-keys and then publish the directory thru UbuntuOne to each of the participants.

A convenient tool for Nautilus to do this comes with seahorse-plugins (just right-click in the file dialog).

Right know there is a problem with the package seahorse-plugins (11.10), but there is a PPA ppa:mdeslaur/testing with a funktioning package.

A directory encrypted using gpg can function as a key escrow, its possible to store this directory in public, store it in a third part deposit, distribute it on a public network, and only those that the directory where encrypted for can read.


Remove the service from startup with:

sudo update-rc.d -f sshd remove

Reset it with:

sudo update-rc.d sshd defaults


You can change the repository that figures there

http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/strycore/xUbuntu_16.04

,that dont have a release file for this one:

http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/strycore/xUbuntu_18.04/

If that doesn't work, you should delete that repository, i tried to enter there and i found that it donest exist anymore(the version is no longer supported), sor you could try the 18.04 or delete the first

You can search a way to add repositories searching on google how do that for you SO(i think that is Xubuntu 16.04)


How does using two operating systems on one computer work?

Ubuntu is exactly what you need to try it out, and install it side-by-side with your current os:

download the current desktop ubuntu version and burn the to a cd
restart your pc, enable boot from cd
you will be taken to a full graphical desktop with two options:

try out
install

In the try out mode, ubuntu will run entirely from the cd (so it's a bit slow when starting up applications for the first time). You can even access your files.

When you decide you want to install ubuntu, select that option on the desktop. The installer can resize your windows partition and install a boot loader which allows booting into windows or linux.


Cannot boot from live USB used for installation when I want to re-install 18.04.1

In the boot order step, the USB was listed twice. I should have chosen the one without the "EFI" at the end. It works fine now.


GNOME Web (Epiphany) 3.36.1 will not render sites only on Ubuntu

Reddit works okay for me in Web (Epiphany) 3.36.1 deb on Ubuntu GNOME 20.04.  I used incognito mode, Windscribe VPN, URL pay.reddit.com, I'm on kernel 5.4.0-38-generic, not sure if any of that is relevant.


Is it possible to remove Debian 8 GRUB background from Ubuntu MATE 18.04 LTS?

At first you have to compare lists of installed packages and install the grub2-themes-ubuntu-mate package.
Then you have to compare contents of generated /boot/grub/grub.cfg files.
To get final solution you have to remove /usr/share/desktop-base/grub_background.sh which is called by /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme and should not be there for Ubuntu MATE 18.04 LTS.
As the result you will get:


Some Word documents are not opening with LibreOffice

You should report a bug on libreoffice then.

Please check /var/crash folder to see if you have some .crash files generated.
If there is some - follow the steps at Enabling apport and report a bug.
If you don't - use ubuntu-bug libreoffice command to file a new bug. See Reporting Bugs for more information about bug reporting.

Don't forget to attach the files which cannot be opened.


browser "default" options "ask me" option

Kinda hackish solution:
Create a keyboard shortcut for every browser with the command:
xdg-settings set default-web-browser <browser-here>.desktop

Every time you want to open a link with a specific browser, press the appropriate shortcut. Done.


Minimal BASH-like line editing boot error

The "wubilder" ("wubi loader") error indicates that you installed Ubuntu with Wubi, which installs it in a disk image on a Windows disk.  It seems like something goes wrong with reading or finding the host filesystem (your Windows NTFS) or reading/finding the kernel or initrd on it.

If you have any USB drives (or memory sticks, or any other USB mass storage device) attached, can you try booting without them?  (Sometimes the BIOS numbers drives differently when you have any of these attached, which can easily confuse the bootloader.)

And did you use any defragmentation tool or anything else that might have changed or moved files on the Windows host system?


The kernel message "ACPI PCC probe failed." comes from the ACPI Platform Communication Channel driver when it can't find a PCC mailbox during the PCC probing initialisation phase.  It is generally is not a fatal error and very likely has nothing to do with your failed boot.  It is most probably the last kernel message you see before your system failed to boot and nothing to do with the root cause.

0
down vote

I've filed a bug for this with an upstream fix to turn this error message into a debug message, this will hopefully land in the next kernel SRU release cycle

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1524930


Trying ubuntu using a bootable USB and creating an account

Short answer: No.

For this you need to install Ubuntu onto your USB stick. I'd use another stick as installer and physically unplug all hard drives if possible, just to prevent them from any harm. No you can install onto the USB stick you want to use (should be 8GB at least I think) as you would install on your computer.
I don't know any other way to install Ubuntu onto a stick. Maybe there's already an image for installation on USB sticks. Please correct my instructions if you find any mistakes...


3D acceleration is possible since a few days. The xf86-video-vmware driver was announced at the beginning of March 2012. It needs a specific kernel module which is available since Linux 3.2. If you try Ubuntu 12.04 LTS all of those software will be available to you. The site vmware3d in the X.org wiki has some more information.


How to remove Home Folder icon from desktop in Ubuntu 20.04?

Open the terminal and type the following command:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.desktop-icons show-home false

After you do this, the home folder icon should disappear from your desktop.


Cannot connect to Ubuntu Desktop from Windows RDP

This is a known issue with Ubuntu 18.04.2 and xRDP.  The xorgxrdp package does not get installed on Ubuntu 18.04.2 and this is why you have the problem connecting dialog box showing....

Ubuntu 18.04.2 introduces the xorg-xserver-core-hwe-18.04 package which is not recognized by the xorgxrdp package made available on Ubuntu official repositories
(More info can be found at http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=13390)

Quick fix to still use xorgxrdp backend component

To use xRDP and the xorgxrdp backend compoment, you have to either

perform a custom installation (compile from source - you can use the script located at http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=13432
Use the unofficial packages prepared by Thiago Martin by issuing the following commands

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:martinx/xrdp-hwe-18.04 -y
sudo apt-get update

or use the script located here to automate the process (http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=13487)

Hope this help
Till next time
See ya


Canot install Xubuntu on LG R450 M.AD25E

Adding noapic nolapic to boot options solved the problem.


Switching between integrated and discrete graphics at boot time

You will have to black list the Nvidia driver from the kernel modules.

To be sure that the Nvidia driver is causing your problems you should check your syslog right when your pc hangs. Or if you can get to a terminal run the command modprobe -l nvidia to see if the driver is loaded.

To blacklist the driver add the line blacklist nvidia to the end of your /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf file.


ACPI is an acronym for the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface. This interface is intended to be a standard way for the operating system to access information about the computer, including thermal info. The "thermal info" generally reports the temperature of the processor, although some systems may give additional info.

Evidently something between the sensor and the acpi command is not working properly, because the processor temperature should fluctuate with load and conditions.

Another tool is lm-sensors, which uses different interfaces to read other sensor information from the computer.


Firefox and Chrome windows are smaller than all the rest

On Firefox, navigate to about:config in your URL bar.
Then, click the "I'll be careful warning" and enter layout.css.devPixelsPerPx in the search bar.
Double click on the value, which is set to -1.0 by default, and input a value greater than 1.0 and then press ENTER.
Mess around with this value until you find one that looks subjectively good.


which file is explorer.exe equivalent in ubuntu .?

Explorer's equivalent is Nautilus in standard Ubuntu. It manages the file browsing and desktop. Unity is rendered out by Compiz, which is separate though.

Your simplest route for disabling all of that, is to just use a different session and Window Manager. Something like OpenBox or even NoDM (if you're just running one application). It'll mean you need to get under the hood and work out how window managers work... But that's a damned sight easier than ripping out functionality of Nautilus.


Prestashop "Recursive write permissions" error

You need to have permission to change ownership. Add sudo to the commands you are executing:

sudo cd /var/www/prestashop
sudo chown -R www-data *
sudo chgrp -R www-data *

Or just do it all at once, using one command instead of three:

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/prestashop


Ctrl+f functions as typeahead search, what you are looking for already exists in thunar,
Press ctrl+s then you can search by a pattern:

Result:


Trying to upgrade to 16.04 from 15.10, but "the required dependency 'apt (>= 1.0.10.2ubuntu2)' is not installed"?

Problem is solved by manually downloading and updating the apt.

Try to use

http://launchpadlibrarian.net/254524267/apt_1.0.10.2ubuntu2_amd64.deb.

If it shows error while updating then run this following deb file first then the previous one.

http://launchpadlibrarian.net/254524270/libapt-pkg4.16_1.0.10.2ubuntu2_amd64.deb

then run those commands:

sudo apt-get update
do-release-upgrade


To modify your partition sizes, use GPARTED. However, it should be used from a "Live CD" since the partitions to be modified must be unmounted.

Before doing anything, back-up your entire hard drive to an external device, such as a USB hard drive. There are numerous Linux based back-up programs for doing this, I do not have any specific recommendations.

In terms of backing-up the MAC partitions, test the Linux program that you wish to use to verify that it will do this. If not (a potential solution) create a MAC folder in your Linux partition and copy all the files you want backed-up from the MAC partition into that Linux folder.

Furthermore, if the backup program does not work for the MAC partition, you may wish to create a shell script that copies the MAC files into the Linux partition on a periodic basis. Again backup files should be stored on an external device.


tar -zxvf dsc-cassandra-2.2.4-bin.tar.gz to extract the tarball and follow this LINK for step by step installation tutorial


Ubuntu won't boot after replacing windows 8 with it

I'd format the whole drive and reinstall.

The problem you seem to have is you've left the boot partition of Windows 8 (it's a hidden partition and often missed).  If you have stuff you really love on that computer you can search for that partition using a liveCD and use Gparted to remove the offending partition, but then you'd have to repair grub, which is a pain.

In short nuke and pave.


In Ubuntu 15.04, simply moving the mouse via touchpad scrolls the window

Blacklisting the psmouse improves the situation but xchat gnome is still having issues.

I followed instructions on https://github.com/mpalourdio/xps13

Check that your BIOS is version A03 or later, and touchpad firmware is up to date Touchpad firmware A00.

blacklist psmouse driver so that the trackpad uses i2c instead. Make sure there is no PS/2 in the output of xinput -list.

I noticed that xchat-gnome seems to be ignoring the touch-to-click setting and some other applications too (like VLC, but only the preference window).

In Xorg.log I see this error when the touchpad goes nuts:

(EE) [dix] DLL0665:01 06CB:76AD UNKNOWN: unable to find touch point 0

The only way I have to solve temporarily the issue is to disable the trackpad completely from the Settings panel and enable it again. Make sure you have an external mouse attached.


I found the answer myself. It is: CTRL+ALT+F5. Then sudo aticonfig --xinerama=o


how recover files deleted in windows 10 running in virtual box?

There are a variety of free file recovery programs for Windows, you could try your luck and install one on the Windows VM.  Although if you have used the VM frequently since the deletion of said files and done things like install games or apps or moved large amounts of data there is a chance that part of the files you are looking for have been over written.  But like I said you can install or even get a portable version of recovery software to attempt to get them back.

Quick Search-

https://www.lifewire.com/free-data-recovery-software-tools-2622893


Disable "frequent" applications group in GNOME shell

Launch dconf Editor application and navigate to /org/gnome/desktop/privacy/. Then toggle off the "remember-app-usage" option.

Alternatively, open Terminal and run

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.privacy remember-app-usage false


How can I convert IDX/SUB DVD subtitles into a text SRT subtitle file?

idx/sub are called VobSub file and are bitmap images + timecode that are overlay on top of the video during playback.

A srt file is a simple text file with timecode that is then render on the video.

This means that to be able to convert them to text string you need to do some OCR, Optical character recognition. Sadly, most OCR solutions don't support idx/sub.

At this point, the best solution I have for you is called SubRip (see also official site) and it's Windows software only. It tends to run well in Wine, so you should be able to use it in Ubuntu (without Windows). You can also use Avidemux according to this guide.

Both will present you the bitmap image from the idx/sub, you type what you see and it will build the corresponding srt file. Doom9 has a nice guide for SubRip.

You can also burn in the subtitle to the video file, Handbrake will be able to do that.

From there, Doom9 and VideoHelp are going to be more helpful than AskUbuntu.


How to keep ubuntu one from deleting items when there is a conflict

If you check your trash bin, it might still be there on whichever device you used to create the lost file. I normally delete my files permanently when I'm done, which made it obvious that Ubuntu One recently started sending out-of-date files to the trash instead of renaming them.


df and system report incorrect disk capacity of raid5 array

You need to expand the partition. That's what's limiting this now.

I'm not sure what filesystem you're using, but the safest method (usually if you can't unmount it) is to drop into a LiveCD and use Gparted to edit the partition to fill the array.


How to pass password to a password input?

See the man page of rpcclient

rpcclient [-A authfile] [-c <command string>] [-d debuglevel] [-l logdir] [-N] [-s <smb config file>] [-U username[%password]] [-W workgroup] [-I destinationIP] {server}

You may use the -A option with a credentials file or the complete -U option
-A|--authentication-file=filename
-U|--user=username[%password] -W workgroup

The credentials file looks like this

  username = [value]
  password = [value]
  domain   = [value]

rpcclient -A /path/to/cred.file xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
rpcclient -U "login%password" -W "domainname" xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx


System is freezing (or getting stuck) frequently, while working in ubuntu 14.04

Are you sure it's 100% related to the video driver? You could try the following to speed up your computer, too:

Install the packages preload and prelink. These take certain actions to make the system faster.
Execute sudo apt-get install prelink preload in a terminal.

Reduce Swap usage. The default swappiness value is 60, which may be too high.
Open the file /etc/sysctl.conf and set the swappiness parameter:
sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf in a terminal.
New line at the end: vm.swappiness = 10, then another linebreak, save with Ctrl+O.

If you apply these changes, your computer should get faster after a reboot.
For your touchpad, you should ask a new question, since this is another problem.


yes when you install ubuntu it deletes all the data on your HDD and installs ubuntu

BTW The Best USB Flashing Tool is Etcher


How can I use Counter Strike 1.6 on Ubuntu 12.04

Steam Client for Linux was recently officially released for Ubuntu together with the original Half-Life family that includes Counter-Strike 1.6. There is no need to use Wine.

To install Steam, open Ubuntu Software Center and search for "steam".


You can no longer get stock Flash 11.2 on Chrome because Chrome use the PEPPER plugin system, and the stock Flash Plugin is a NPAPI plugin. Google ended NPAPI support in April due to security liability's. I recommend Opera as its based on Chrome and it supports NPAPI


I've had the same problem, which I was able to solve following instructions from http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2275526:

  This is a problem with steam and ubuntu 15.04. Steam bundles old libs
  and are colliding with mesa drivers, that is also why closed drivers
  aren't seeing this problem.

  There is a open bug in steam github the workaround for now is to
  remove the old lib version, at least until valve fix the issue in
  their startup script or similar. So enter this folders and do this

  Code:

cd $HOME/.steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/i386/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu
mv libstdc++.so.6 libstdc++.so.6.bak
cd $HOME/.steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/amd64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
mv libstdc++.so.6 libstdc++.so.6.bak

  It worked for me... but please note that if some game required that
  old lib from the steam runtime, it may crash (that is why should be
  valve fixing this)

Edit:
The steps in the thread were already quoted from Problem with installing Steam on Ubuntu 15.04+, so you can go there for more details in case these instructions are not enough for you to solve your problem.


Try this:

Boot from an Ubuntu Live CD
Move all of the files from the SD card back to your hard disk
Reboot

Your next issue is probably going to be permissions but we can work that out after the files are back on your hdd


I'd suggest using the stress tool (to impose load on and stress test systems) available from the repos:

sudo apt-get install stress

Alternatively you could also try:

http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~manjo/checkbox/stress-test/view/head:/checkbox-old/scripts/cpustress.c

It will stress CPU integer and floating point paths. It also execises CPU path that deals with data and text cache misses.


How do I find out if there will be a fsck during the next boot?

It depends on your filesystem, in addition to /forcefsck .

With ext2, ext3 and ext4 you can use

dumpe2fs -h /dev/diskname

Where diskname is for example sda1. You can determine name of your disk partition by running command

mount

Example output (only partly):

/dev/xvda1 on / type ext3 (rw,noatime,usrquota,errors=remount-ro)

Where xvda1 is name of root disk partition.

For dumpe2fs three interesting items are

Mount count:              9
Maximum mount count:      36
Next check after:         Mon Feb 14 09:31:33 2011

Ubuntu will run fsck if mount count is equal or greater than maximum mount count, or if "next check after" is passed.


I have the same issue too. When I run this, the UI never shows up

java -jar mqtt-spy-0.6.0-beta-b52-jar-with-dependencies.jar

2017-03-28 13:07:46,369 DEBUG [MqttViewManager               ]  - Selected perspective = DEFAULT
2017-03-28 13:07:47,461 INFO  [MqttViewManager               ]  - Default configuration file present (/Users/v506616/mqtt-spy/mqtt-spy-configuration.xml) = false
2017-03-28 13:07:47,462 DEBUG [BaseConfigurationManager      ]  - Creating root group called 'All connections'
2017-03-28 13:07:53,280 DEBUG [ControlPanelController        ]  - Retrieved version info = pl.baczkowicz.spy.ui.generated.versions.SpyVersions@7df7be89[releaseStatuses=pl.baczkowicz.spy.ui.generated.versions.ReleaseStatuses@6b7b57e7[releaseStatus={pl.baczkowicz.spy.ui.generated.versions.ReleaseStatus@7c7469d5[fromVersion=0.5.1-42, toVersion=0.5.1-42, updateTitle=Bugs have been found in this release!, updateDetails=Best to update to version 0.5.4 (build 52)., updateStatus=CRITICAL],pl.baczkowicz.spy.ui.generated.versions.ReleaseStatus@7f11b17f[fromVersion=0.5.1-44, toVersion=0.5.1-44, updateTitle=Bugs have been found in this release!, updateDetails=Best to update to version 0.5.4 (build 52)., updateStatus=CRITICAL],pl.baczkowicz.spy.ui.generated.versions.ReleaseStatus@3f525be2[fromVersion=0.5.2-46, toVersion=0.5.3-50, updateTitle=Almost there!, updateDetails=Download version 0.5.4 (build 52) and get the edge again!, updateStatus=UPDATE_RECOMMENDED],pl.baczkowicz.spy.ui.generated.versions.ReleaseStatus@e27e780[fromVersion=0.5.4-52, toVersion=0.5.4-52, updateTitle=Living on the edge!, updateDetails=You're on the latest release - [version]., updateStatus=ON_LATEST],pl.baczkowicz.spy.ui.generated.versions.ReleaseStatus@51421d50[fromVersion=0.6.0-beta-26, toVersion=0.6.0-beta-51, updateTitle=Living in the stone age!, updateDetails=There is a new experimental release - 0.6.0 beta (build 52)., updateStatus=UPDATE_RECOMMENDED],pl.baczkowicz.spy.ui.generated.versions.ReleaseStatus@23aac44e[fromVersion=0.6.0-beta-52, toVersion=0.6.0-beta-99, updateTitle=Living on the edge!, updateDetails=You're on an experimental beta release - [version]., updateStatus=ON_LATEST]}], latestReleases=pl.baczkowicz.spy.ui.generated.versions.LatestReleases@e0a0692[latestRelease=<null>]]


What classifies an application as 'installed' in Ubuntu?

dpkg, through apt or aptitude keeps a database of the installed software in /var/lib/dpkg/status.

You can learn more about this here.

My response is based on a response given in this forum discussion.

 As @psusi pointed out, because apt and aptitude are merely front-ends to dpkg, it is actually dpkg that keeps track of packaging.


How can I pipe the output of "find" to "cd"?

cd doesn't read from stdin so you can't pipe a folder name into it. But you can use "$(...)" to use the output of a command as an argument for cd:

cd "$(find -name script.py -type f -printf '%h\n' -quit)"

-printf '%h\n' tells find to output only to folders that contains the files.

-quit tells find to quit after it found the first matching file.


Step 1:
Checking Default route
Use one of these commands:

route -n

or

ip r

Ask a new IP address and amend the connection with the next command:

dhclient -v wlan0

Now, all should work fine!


ifconfig not showing the correct ip address

There's probably nothing to correct.  You didn't provide the complete IP addresses but unless your company is swimming in class B or C addresses it's  possible that the machine is behind a firewall using NAT addresses or local, unroutable IP addresses.

An easy way to check this is to type:

traceroute IP

traceroute hostname

Do this from the Internet and on the local VM.  And using xxx.xxx.xxx.27 and 29.

Of course it's possible that the machine in question has multiple DNS records.  To check this, type:

dig hostname

Also dig -x IP - In case there is some reverse lookup records in play. Again, do this with .27 and .29.

I don't know about Ubuntu specifically but many *NIX distros use common network connections amongst virtual machines.  Virtual sockets of the 192.168.0.x variety would be found by running ifconfig.

I'm assuming that the machine in question has a single NIC card and a single network connection.


Mount options should be separated by a comma. In your case, there is a space between defaults and usrquota,grpquota.

/dev/sdb2 /tmp/mnt2 ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 0 2


This picture is worth 1,000 words. The "problem" is that there is no standard used by all distros, and thus each distro makes (minor) variations. For example, while Debian and Ubuntu use /usr/local , other distros use /opt (for installation of packages compiled from source or outside the package management system [apt on ubuntu] ).

BUT - that is the old standard. The new standard is in beta, see

http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/lsb/fhs-30-draft-1

http://www.linuxbase.org/betaspecs/fhs/fhs.html

  Some of the highlights:

  The source is now valid DocBook XML, with the appropriate tool changes.

  New directories, including /run and /sys.

  Removal of older compatibility directories, such as /usr/X11R6.

  Many typos fixed, and clarifications made to ambiguous sections.

Various distros are in various stages in implementing the new standard.


Adding items to Gnome-fallback menu (13.10)

You can delete it then add it again, but it is better to use MenuLibre:

Install it:

sudo apt-get install menulibre

Launch it, then use the arrow buttons in the lower left corner to move your custom menu entry:


I updated to 20.04 now the error is gone


You do indeed have the correct syntax for changing the command prefix in tmux. But unfortunately you cannot use the combination Ctrl+Alt as a command prefix. Both Ctrl and Alt are only used in combination with other keys, but never alone and never with each other. For example,

C-b stands for Ctrl+B
M-n stands for Alt+N

Your attempt to bind M-C actually means Alt+Shift+C (meta prefix with uppercase C). Similarly, C-M would mean Ctrl+Shift+M.

In short, you have to combine Ctrl with some other key or Alt with some other key, not with each other.


How to find which users are currently logged in?

All of these answers are excessively bloated. Three characters for a command? Please.

The fastest way to find who's logged on and doing what is:

$ w


your problem was solved?
you may fix it.

edit file /lib/systemd/system/kerio-kvc.service

find this:

ExecReload=pkill -SIGHUP kvpncsvc

and replace for:

ExecReload=/usr/bin/pkill -SIGHUP kvpncsvc


local network share error, no permission to create

Sounds like you are not a member of the sambashare group so add yourself:

sudo gpasswd -a your-user-name sambashare

Then logout and log back in.


How to change user icon/avatar in app-launcher? (Kubuntu)

The problem seems to have solved itself. The avatar has now updated.

I haven't done anything to specifically update it, though I suspect the times I have rebooted may have made a difference. Didn't notice it before now.

I was probably just being impatient.


How can i remove gnome-settings-daemon from indicators applications?

I see that an answer has been found.  However, I wanted to ask if this issue could have been reconciled using gconf-editor.  Under Apps/gnome-settings-daemon/xrandr, there is a setting (checkbox) for show_notification_icon.  After some experimentation, that seems to work on my system.


How do I stop Teamviewer from flickering in Ubuntu?

You have to uncheck "Allow Flipping" in nvidia-settings


How to enable a vibration in a PC gamepad in Xubuntu 18.10

The gamepad might not support vibration. If you can edit your post to include the vendor and product IDs for the device it's much easier for other people to know which model you have and whether it should work. You can get this with lsusb (assuming it's connected with USB):

$ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 056: ID 045e:02ea Microsoft Corp.

In this case I have a connected gamepad with vendor ID 045e and product ID 02ea. Those are the IDs for an Xbox One controller.

A gamepad supports vibration if it supports the FF_RUMBLE event, which you can check with the evtest tool. Here's the output for my Xbox One controller, which does support vibration.

$ evtest
No device specified, trying to scan all of /dev/input/event*
Not running as root, no devices may be available.
Available devices:
/dev/input/event16: Microsoft X-Box One S pad
Select the device event number [0-16]: 16
Input driver version is 1.0.1
Input device ID: bus 0x3 vendor 0x45e product 0x2ea version 0x301
Input device name: "Microsoft X-Box One S pad"
Supported events:
  Event type 0 (EV_SYN)
  Event type 1 (EV_KEY)
    Event code 304 (BTN_SOUTH)
    Event code 305 (BTN_EAST)
    Event code 307 (BTN_NORTH)
    Event code 308 (BTN_WEST)
    Event code 310 (BTN_TL)
    Event code 311 (BTN_TR)
    Event code 314 (BTN_SELECT)
    Event code 315 (BTN_START)
    Event code 316 (BTN_MODE)
    Event code 317 (BTN_THUMBL)
    Event code 318 (BTN_THUMBR)
  Event type 3 (EV_ABS)
    Event code 0 (ABS_X)
      Value    738
      Min   -32768
      Max    32767
      Flat     128
    Event code 1 (ABS_Y)
      Value    705
      Min   -32768
      Max    32767
      Flat     128
    Event code 2 (ABS_Z)
      Value      0
      Min        0
      Max     1023
    Event code 3 (ABS_RX)
      Value    482
      Min   -32768
      Max    32767
      Fuzz      16
      Flat     128
    Event code 4 (ABS_RY)
      Value   -339
      Min   -32768
      Max    32767
      Fuzz      16
      Flat     128
    Event code 5 (ABS_RZ)
      Value      0
      Min        0
      Max     1023
    Event code 16 (ABS_HAT0X)
      Value      0
      Min       -1
      Max        1
    Event code 17 (ABS_HAT0Y)
      Value      0
      Min       -1
      Max        1
  Event type 21 (EV_FF)
    Event code 80 (FF_RUMBLE)
    Event code 81 (FF_PERIODIC)
    Event code 88 (FF_SQUARE)
    Event code 89 (FF_TRIANGLE)
    Event code 90 (FF_SINE)
    Event code 96 (FF_GAIN)
Properties:
Testing ... (interrupt to exit)

Event code 80 (FF_RUMBLE) means it should support vibration effects.

To test rumble, use fftest. You'll need to provide the path to the evdev node for the gamepad, which is included in the output from evtest. For my Xbox controller this was /dev/input/event16:

$ fftest /dev/input/event16
Force feedback test program.
HOLD FIRMLY YOUR WHEEL OR JOYSTICK TO PREVENT DAMAGES

Device /dev/input/event16 opened
Features:
  * Absolute axes: X, Y, Z, RX, RY, RZ, Hat 0 X, Hat 0 Y,
    [3F 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 ]
  * Relative axes:
    [00 00 ]
  * Force feedback effects types: Periodic, Rumble, Gain,
    Force feedback periodic effects: Square, Triangle, Sine,
    [00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 07 01 00 00 00 ]
  * Number of simultaneous effects: 16

Setting master gain to 75% ... OK
Uploading effect #0 (Periodic sinusoidal) ... OK (id 0)
Uploading effect #1 (Constant) ... Error: Invalid argument
Uploading effect #2 (Spring) ... Error: Invalid argument
Uploading effect #3 (Damper) ... Error: Invalid argument
Uploading effect #4 (Strong rumble, with heavy motor) ... OK (id 1)
Uploading effect #5 (Weak rumble, with light motor) ... OK (id 2)
Enter effect number, -1 to exit

Use effects 4 and 5 to test rumble effects:

Enter effect number, -1 to exit
4
Now Playing: Strong Rumble
Enter effect number, -1 to exit
5
Now Playing: Weak Rumble
Enter effect number, -1 to exit


I recommend reporting this as a bug. (This question also has some good information about bug reporting.) Reporting this sort of problem as a bug has the potential to help the Ubuntu project significantly.

What should I do when Ubuntu freezes? may help, but whether or not it does, reporting this as a bug is probably your best bet--even if it's not fixed, the troubleshooting that can take place in a bug report may lead to a workaround.

As you'll read (in the first two linked resources), effective bug reporting for Ubuntu requires identification of a package that you believe contains the affected (buggy) software.

Most of the time, when Ctrl+Alt+F1 has no effect, it is a kernel bug--sometimes a kernel panic (which is when the kernel "crashes" and has to stop, so the whole system stops working), sometimes other kernel or driver problems. I believe it is also possible for some graphical interface problems (with the X Server, xserver-org) to cause this, though usually a GUI problem won't prevent Ctrl+Alt+F1 from working.

So, I recommend reporting this as a kernel bug. To do that, after reading at least that guide, run this command in the system where the problem occurs:

ubuntu-bug linux

That will automatically send a large amount of potentially useful technical information to Launchpad, and will automatically open up a new browser window/tab where you can write your bug report, describing the problem in as much detail as possible (this is explained more fully in that guide).

In particular, I recommend including in your bug report:

As precise an estimate as possible of when the freeze last occurred (so developers--and  before that, triagers, if they wish--can easily find the most relevant lines in automatically attached log files).
Whether or not Alt + SysRq + R E I S U B reboots the computer when the freeze occurs (and if not, what if anything does happen when you use that) -- you can always add that information to the bug report later, so there's no need to wait to report the bug until next time the freeze happens.

That won't be the only information you write in your bug report, of course.


Installing Wine without an internet connection on 12.04

Synaptic and Muon usually resolve these kinds of issues automatically. I suggest using them to solve this problem if possible.


How do I fix X problem to invoke Cadence IC6.10 in Ubuntu 13.10

This is a common problem. Try to add this line in ~/.bashrc or run it every time you start your cadence IC610:

export XLIB_SKIP_ARGB_VISUALS=1


Install 20.04 along side Win 10 home edition

You would need to disable Secure Boot in your BIOS settings to bypass that error. Secure Boot usually interferes with a normal Ubuntu installation anyway due to unsigned drivers and possibly Microsoft CSCA's only being trusted (shim-signed does fix this issue, though), and other unusual behavior. BitLocker also relies on Secure Boot.
Another plausible, but unlikely, cause could be that Windows could've possibly formatted your Windows partition or hard drive as BitLocker, even if you aren't using it, resulting in the hard drive partitioning and structure becoming unreliable, as BitLocker partitions aren't designed to be resized, and in some situations, can encrypt the entire drive to the point of being unable to safely operate on it. See this article for more information.
HTH!


Dual boot Lubuntu install not going well. (on old P4 w/ xp)

Use a CD or DVD instead. If you don't have a DVD drive, download and install from the mini.iso instead.

Click here to download the mini.iso

Click here for more info on installing using this method.

Click here for more info on how to burn a CD or DVD.

If you insist on using a USB, you should use the Universal Pendrive Linux installer.

Or click here to download.

Using the universal pendrive linux program, do not select the distro using the program from the list and do select the iso from file instead and use the mini.iso.


How to run xrandr commands at startup in Ubuntu

Adding complicated commands to Startup Applications

In General, you can add commands to run on start up (log in) by choosing: Dash > Startup Applications > Add. In this case, you have a complicated command to run.

There are two options to do that:

write a separate script:

#!/bin/bash

cvt 1368 768
# xrandr only works in X11 sessions, not Wayland
[ "$XDG_SESSION_TYPE" = x11 ] || exit 0
xrandr --newmode "1368x768_60.00"   85.25  1368 1440 1576 1784  768 771 781 798 -hsync +vsync
xrandr --addmode VGA1 1368x768_60.00
xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1368x768_60.00

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as set_monitor.sh
and add the following command to startup applications as described above.

/bin/bash /path/to/set_monitor.sh

Chain the commands to one (very long) command:

 /bin/bash -c "cvt 1368 768&&xrandr --newmode "1368x768_60.00"   85.25  1368 1440 1576 1784  768 771 781 798 -hsync +vsync&&xrandr --addmode VGA1 1368x768_60.00&&xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1368x768_60.00"

In this case, using && between the commands will make each command run as soon (and if) the previous one is run succesfully, just like they are on separate lines.

Then add the command to Startup Applications, as described above.

Important note: adding xrandr commands to Startup Applications

Adding xrandr commands to startup can be tricky; sometimes they break if they are run too early, before the desktop is fully loaded. Therefore you might (probably) need to add a little break into the command to (either) run the script or the command, like (in the last case):

/bin/bash -c "sleep 15&&cvt 1368 768&&xrandr --newmode "1368x768_60.00"   85.25  1368 1440 1576 1784  768 771 781 798 -hsync +vsync&&xrandr --addmode VGA1 1368x768_60.00&&xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1368x768_60.00"

You might need to play a little with the sleep 15to find the optimal time.

Note

I left out the first line:

xrandr

since it does nothin but display some information on your screen setup :)


I'm going to tell you what I tell everyone else and which, to date, has never ever failed.  However most of those I tell this to are not installing ubuntu on macbooks so I make no guarantees.

Please do the following, I guarantee only that it will do no harm, and considering that more invasive methods can do harm, that's pretty good I think you'll agree.

step by step follows:
if your macbook has an ethernet jack, and if you have an ethernet cable, connect them.  else stop here.  Otherwise continue
open the ubuntu finder (top icon on the left side)
type "update" sans quotes and press enter
when update appears, press check
when check is done press update
when update is completed, disconnect the ethernet cable and reboot
if your wifi works, please let me know.


You're using a repository that has a security certificate problem.  Until the repo maintainers fix that, the only way you'll be able to complete your update is to disable that repository.  If it's only the two, that shouldn't be a big deal, and the issue should be temporary -- the repo maintainers should be notified every time their repo fails a security check.


After installing tuxonice to enable hibernation, I noticed that one of the outputs was that it couldn't find /etc/default/grub and it kindly created one for me.

However I would still love to know what the actual way of re-creating this file is, as it seems to be a persistent issue. I say this because I've tried re-installing 12.10, and was still left with this issue.


When installing ubuntu, you should make sure the grub installation location is on your ssd. Else, you get issues like this. I recommend reinstalling ubuntu, and by using custom partitioning, you can change your grub installation location to your ssd. (if you have a hard drive, change every time I say "ssd" to "harddisk".) Note: you should then also change the mounting point of your partition to "/" and format your partition to "ext4"


Ubuntu 14.04 Dual Monitor Position reset at reboot

xorg.conf is where you can make persistent changes. It should be saved in /etc/X11/xorg.conf

An example of the server layout portion would be something like

Section "ServerLayout"
        Identifier      "seat0"
        Screen          "screen0"       0                   0
        Screen          "screen1"       1920                   0
        InputDevice     "mouse0"        "CorePointer"
        InputDevice     "keyboard0"     "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection

Where screen1 is 1920 pixels to the right of screen0. Your screen0 and screen1 will also have to be configured.  You can do so by running sudo X -configure when there is no X session (recovery mode can do this) and then save the xorg.conf.new file. When you have a configuration you would like to test, write it to /etx/X11/xorg.conf. Don't forget to backup your working xorg.conf if you have one.


It's best to post separate questions separately. However, since these can all be answered quickly (and are related), I've done so.

The same application may be run by different users, at different times, or at the same time. The application may run from the same location (so long as both users have access to execute it), or separate copies may be run from different locations (as in your example).
Two different users cannot share a UID. Your UID is actually more central to your user identity (hence the name) than your username. When you own a file or folder, the filesystem contains your UID associated with the file, not your username. Having two users with the same UID would mean having a single user with multiple names (which is also not supported).
Yes, it is possible to switch user identity. You can use sudo -u other-user command... or (if you are currently root, or if the target user has login enabled and you know their password) su other-user -c 'command...'. You can invoke these commands yourself, but scripts and applications can also use them.

See the community documentation, man sudo, and man su for more details on how this works and how to use it. In a program you are writing, you can also use the setuid function; see man 2 setuid and man 3 setuid. To run graphical applications, you should use gksu/gksudo or (in Kubuntu) kdesudo instead of invoking su and sudo directly (but please note that by default in Ubuntu gksu invokes sudo, not su). See this section of the community documentation, man gksu (covers gksudo too), and man kdesudo.

Before writing programs or scripts that change users, I recommend reading up extensively on how user identity works in Unix-like systems.


Is ubuntu-geoip  (GeoClue) used for tracking?

GeoClue

source: wikipedia.org

GeoClue is a software framework which can be used to enable geospatial awareness in applications. GeoClue uses the D-Bus inter-process communication mechanism to provide location information1, but there is also a Qt Mobility API in the works2. Through this it aims to simplify development of location aware applications and promote code reuse within the free software and open source communities by defining a logical boundary between the applications and underlying location providers. GeoClue is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License and is currently available for Linux.

GeoClue ships in several Linux distributions including Ubuntu, Debian and Fedora. It is also the positioning service of the MeeGo mobile Linux distribution and the GNOME stack.

GeoClue provides access to multiple position providers:
- GPS: Position information from a Global Positioning System receiver (via gpsd and gypsy)
- GSM: Position information from cellular network connection
- Plazes: Position information from the Plazes Wi-Fi location service
- Hostip: Position information based on IP address
- Manual: User-provided position information

In addition to position information, GeoClue can also be used for geocoding, or converting between human-readable addresses and coordinates.

  GeoClue: The Geoinformation Service

Project page
Mailing list

Geoclue is a modular geoinformation service built on top of the D-Bus messaging system. The goal of the Geoclue project is to make creating location-aware applications as simple as possible.

Geoclue is Free Software, licensed under GNU LGPL. It is developed for Linux, but should be portable to any platform that uses D-Bus.

Geoclue defines a set of geoinformation APIs, but it also includes some providers that implement those APIs. Here is a list of services provided through Geoclue with the currently included implementations:

Position: gpsd, gypsy, hostip, plazes, gsmloc
Address: hostip, plazes, manual, localnet
Velocity: gpsd, gypsy
Geocode: nominatim, geonames, yahoo
ReverseGeocode: nominatim, geonames
Geoclue source code contains:

D-Bus definitions for the above APIs
C bindings for Geoclue clients
C bindings for data providers
a set of provider implementations
(experimental) master provider implementation.

  Application ideas (so not actual implementations)

F-Spot / GThumb: tag photos with location data
Stars / MaemoStars: show night sky simulation in correct place
Map applications (MaemoMapper) show correct location on application open
Jabber / Telepathy: support XEP-0080, add location info to Presence
Blog software: add geotags to posts
Yahoo Fire Eagle could use Geoclue as data provider
Use position/address for desktop settings (timezone, printers, SMTP servers, whatever). Marco Polo looks like a good implementation on OS X
disable-screensaver-lock-when-at-home
Find closest free wifi access point
Tracking application (save location history). Could be used later for tagging photos etc.
browser, calendar: autofill address form fields (not sure if current location is wanted that often, though?)
Browser could expose location to websites: Webkit may support Locationaware in the future.
Google Gears

  Possible data sources

Geocoding for phone numbers - use countries telephone number dial plans to convert phone numbers to general locations (obviously less accuracy with mobiles and world-wide roaming/etc)
Google Maps Geocoding API -- License says "only for showing places on Google Maps"
Wigle.net-- WIFI location database (10 million networks). License requires users to login.
geocoder.us -- geocoder for the USA (TIGER data)
gsmloc-provider could easily get the GSM information using AT commands on the OpenMoko platform
A free network location database project has begun at http://geomena.org

  Turning it off

If you delete the package it will also delete indicator-datetime. If loosing the date/time applet is not a concern you can go for it.

Otherwise this seems to work too:

Change the clock setting to manual;
Kill /usr/lib/geoclue/geoclue-master
Kill /usr/lib/ubuntu-geoip/ubuntu-geoip-provider

The connection seems to close after killing it.


How do I get Microsoft LifeCam NX-6000 video to work?

After consulting How can I get my Microsoft Lifecam VX-1000 webcam microphone to work?, I was able to figure out that the webcam was not supported by the 2.6.35-x kernel. Upgrading to 2.6.36 did the trick.


The interfaces configuration file and corresponding manpage, provided by the ifupdown package, have been superseded in Ubuntu 20.04 and newer releases.
The package is still available in the repositories, but is no longer installed with a stock Ubuntu system.
18.04 and newer releases of Ubuntu use Netplan (in the netplan.io package) to assign and configure interfaces.
See http://netplan.io/examples for examples of how to configure your interfaces using /etc/netplan/some_file.yaml instead of /etc/network/interfaces


How to solve Apache2 error that keeps coming during start up

Could this possibly be related to PHP rather than Apache2? I see people reporting exactly this over at php.net. The bug report there lists a reproduction script; maybe you did something similar in one of your scripts?
Also, I should mention (even though your question was posted a long time ago) that Ubuntu 15.10 is end-of-life. Please upgrade if you did not do already.


What does "pts/" in the output of w mean?

Pseudo-Terminal Slave

Name
ptmx, pts - pseudoterminal master and slave
Description
The file
/dev/ptmx is a character file with major number 5 and minor number 2,
usually of mode 0666 and owner.group of root.root. It is used to
create a pseudoterminal master and slave pair.
When a process opens /dev/ptmx, it gets a file descriptor for a
pseudoterminal master (PTM), and a pseudoterminal slave (PTS) device
is created in the /dev/pts directory. Each file descriptor obtained by
opening /dev/ptmx is an independent PTM with its own associated PTS,
whose path can be found by passing the descriptor to ptsname(3).
Before opening the pseudoterminal slave, you must pass the master's
file descriptor to grantpt(3) and unlockpt(3).
Once both the pseudoterminal master and slave are open, the slave
provides processes with an interface that is identical to that of a
real terminal.
Data written to the slave is presented on the master descriptor as
input. Data written to the master is presented to the slave as input.
In practice, pseudoterminals are used for implementing terminal
emulators such as xterm(1), in which data read from the pseudoterminal
master is interpreted by the application in the same way a real
terminal would interpret the data, and for implementing remote-login
programs such as sshd(8), in which data read from the pseudoterminal
master is sent across the network to a client program that is
connected to a terminal or terminal emulator.
Pseudoterminals can also be used to send input to programs that
normally refuse to read input from pipes (such as su(1), and
passwd(1)).

Source: http://linux.die.net/man/4/pts
They're usually xterminal/gnome-terminal/terminator sessions.


Install the latest ATI 11.10 drivers, people are reporting that updating their driver solves the problem for them.

You will need to remove all the current fglrx packages from your system and download the driver from the ATI site.

Remove the fglrx drivers if you installed them

sudo apt-get remove fglrx*

Download the newest ATI driver (current version is 11.12)

wget http://www2.ati.com/drivers/linux/ati-driver-installer-11-12-x86.x86_64.run

If you have a 64 bit system, then install this before anything

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

Once downloaded go to the file location and set it to run as executable

cd /path_of_the_file
chmod 755 ati-driver-installer-11-12-x86.x86_64.run

Create the packages and install them on your system

sh ./ati-driver-installer-11-12-x86.x86_64.run --buildpkg Ubuntu/oneiric
sudo dpkg -i fglrx*.deb

Once the driver is installed you need to start up a new xorg.conf file with this command

sudo aticonfig --initial -f

Reboot

sudo reboot


How to define the range of IPs using DHCP?

The Ubuntu Server Guide has a clear and succinct explanation of DHCP server operation.  DHCP Server Ubuntu Server Guide

From the guide example configuration:

# minimal sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
 range 192.168.1.150 192.168.1.200;
 option routers 192.168.1.254;
 option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2;
 option domain-name "mydomain.example";
}

Where the configuration says, range 192.168.1.150 192.168.1.200;, you can insert the lower and upper IP bound for allocation.


Erase Recent Folder in Nautilus via Terminal Command

rm ~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel

and you have to logout/login


that depend on if you have a separate partition for your home folder. If not your home folder will be erased during the installation.

Keeping/placing back all .hidden folders is not always a good idea, since the config-files in it are not necessarily compatible with newer/older versions of the program they belong to. I recommend only keeping those config files you really need/want to keep.


Why are there different keyboard commands for quitting applications?

That is generally because those are application specific short-cuts.

You can use Alt + F4 for all applications, since that is a system short-cut.


Is GNOME classic (no effects) faster than Unity 2D?

I think the person better equiped to answer this question is you, by trying both and doing the same tasks, and then comparing.

Both WM, don't use compositing so they present the applications directly on screen, what can be faster if you don't have a high end graphic card.

From what i read, it seems that Gnome Fallback could be a little faster, but there's not real data tests to prove it.

So my advise is, install both, run the same application (play a video for example) on both, and measure the times.


AWS/EC2 ubuntu and ssh for users other than ubuntu

There isn't any special ssh elastic cloud compute sauce! Rather, each newly created user needs a separate ssh directory and authorized key file.

First, from you EC2 server, switch to your newly create user account ('foo' in this example):

    su foo

Next, create an SSH directory for foo and set permissions:

    mkdir .ssh  && chmod 700 .ssh

Then change into the newly created directory:

    cd .ssh/

Here's a refresher on generating a private/public key pair on your local machine:

http://www.ece.uci.edu/~chou/ssh-key.html1

Once you have your id_rsa.pub key, you can cat and then copy the key from your local machine to your server:

    echo “paste your_key_here" > ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

Set permissions on the contents of the directory:

    chmod 600 ~/.ssh/*

It's not a bad idea to edit the SSH config file as a root user (with vi or your text editor of choice):

sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

and add the users ubuntu foo (and any additional users you've created) to the AllowedUsers Field (you may need to create it if it isn't there):

    AllowUsers ubuntu foo

(write & quit).

Lastly, restart the service:

    service ssh restart

Test & confirm that you can now log in as user foo.


Why does USB stick keep becoming read only?

A file system that is mounted read-only may not be clean, i.e. properly closed. It then is in an inconsistent state. Have the file system checked, after which it should mount without problems.
You can check and repair a file system using the "Disks" utility included with Ubuntu. You can check a file system only when it is not mounted, so unmount first.
The tool to check a file system at the command line is fsck.
To prevent this from happening again, always make sure to carefully eject the drive using software before physically unplugging it. The system will give you a notification when it is safe to remove the drive. Before that, it may give you a notification that it is not yet safe, if data still needs to be committed to disk.
If you carefully remove a drive, the file system will remain healthy for a longer time. It still is a good idea to check the file system of any removable drive from time to time. File systems on your internal drives that are used by the system are checked automatically on every reboot.


How can I permanently change touchpad settings?

I've got a simple solution...

Just press the windows key and type 'startup'. You will see 'Startup applications'

click this and then click [ADD]
give it a name (like mousetap2)
enter the command in the box... i.e.

synclient TapButton2=2 TapButton3=3

and that's it...

It will run on startup and configure the trackpad all without pissing about with configuration files.


application menu and places menu are not showing in ubuntu 18.04

Ubuntu by default does not have an "Application" menu and a "Places" menu, so it is very normal you do not see it. You can, however, use officially supported Gnome Shell extensions to add an "Application" and "Places" menu in the top bar.

To achieve that:

Install official gnome shell extensions and, if you do not yet have it, gnome-tweaks with the terminal command:

sudo apt install gnome-shell-extensions gnome-tweaks

Open gnome-tweaks, and on the "Extensions" tab, enable the extensions "Applications menu", and "Places status indicator".

You may also hide the Ubuntu Dock and activate the "Window list" to have a more classical experience with buttons at the bottom of the screen for switching between windows.


It looks like you do have a user permission issue there.

The Bazaar branch on the server is in the home directory of user tomasz, but you seem to be doing the checkout as user damien. Does user damien really have permission to access the files of tomasz?

The blog article you linked does things differently. It puts the Bazaar branch outside of user home directories, in /bazaar, and sets up a dedicated group to access it, and makes all users part of that group.

In any case, I recommend a different approach, explained in Bazaar's documentation:
http://doc.bazaar.canonical.com/bzr.2.5/en/admin-guide/simple-setups.html

In particular I recommend the section "Using a restricted SSH account to host multiple users and repositories". With that setup, each user can have their personal writable areas, and the repository manager's area (maintainer of the trunk, often called the gatekeeper) read-only to other users. If you want all users to have write access to the trunk, you can do that too.


Did you try to 'do-release-upgrade' a persistent live USB drive to the next Ubuntu release?

I don't think it will work. You can keep (backup and later restore) the home directory, best stored in a home-rw partition (or file), but you should remove all other directories and files (except upper/home and upper/lost+found) from the casper-rw partition (or file), and start using the iso file from the new Ubuntu release.

This means that you can keep your personal files, program settings and tweaks, but you must reinstall the programs that you added.

-o-

It is possible to 'do-release-upgrade' a system that is installed in a USB drive (installed like into an internal drive, but to a USB drive).

The problems and solutions should be the same or similar as for a normal installed system.


ATI Radeon 4200 has graphics and performance issue; how to rectify?

Your card is no longer supported by AMD in the latest catalyst driver. Sadly you won't be able to install a older driver either. It wont support the current X Display server on Ubuntu 12.04. You would find better performance by removing the driver by going to your "additional drivers" menu in your system settings, then clicking remove.

I hate to say this your Ubuntu experience wouldn't be that great on that machine. You would need to upgrade to a newer machine to see Ubuntu in it's true colors. I would recommend any of the Core series from Intel, with a Nvidia Geforce 500 series graphics card.

Hope this helps! Cheers :)


Is there any way to allow user to execute commands for 2 days only

The sudoers file does not support time based restriction but there is an easy method. Create a file with your alterations in /etc/sudoers.d/ (with sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/yourfile):

Add to a file (example: file.sh) the following

mv /etc/sudoers.d/yourfile /etc/sudoers.d/.yourfile

And this will disable your alterations:

 sudo at -f file.sh 2pm + 2 days

Example:

at -f file.sh 2pm + 2 days
warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh
job 4 at Thu Oct 15 14:00:00 2015

In this case it would move the file over at 2 pm 2 days after you  issue the command. The at manual has some options (you can use a time, days, weeks, months, years, keywords like next or add/subtract periodes). Have some tests with the option to make sure you understand it (Something to consider: it matters if you start the at before or after 2pm on the day itself.)

at also survives reboots so is a good tool to use for these kind of things.
And you can toggle access ...

sudo mv /etc/sudoers.d/.yourfile /etc/sudoers.d/yourfile | at 2pm + 2 days
sudo mv /etc/sudoers.d/yourfile /etc/sudoers.d/.yourfile | at 2pm + 4 days
sudo mv /etc/sudoers.d/.yourfile /etc/sudoers.d/yourfile | at 2pm + 6 days
sudo mv /etc/sudoers.d/yourfile /etc/sudoers.d/.yourfile | at 2pm + 8 days

and make that user go nuts (wtf now I can do this).

The README in /etc/sudoers/:

# As of Debian version 1.7.2p1-1, the default /etc/sudoers file created on
# installation of the package now includes the directive:
#
#   #includedir /etc/sudoers.d
#
# This will cause sudo to read and parse any files in the /etc/sudoers.d
# directory that do not end in '~' or contain a '.' character.
#
# Note that there must be at least one file in the sudoers.d directory (this
# one will do), and all files in this directory should be mode 0440.
#
# Note also, that because sudoers contents can vary widely, no attempt is
# made to add this directive to existing sudoers files on upgrade.  Feel free
# to add the above directive to the end of your /etc/sudoers file to enable
# this functionality for existing installations if you wish!
#
# Finally, please note that using the visudo command is the recommended way
# to update sudoers content, since it protects against many failure modes.
# See the man page for visudo for more information.

If I read this correctly it will not execute any file with a "." anywhere in the name. So the 1st mv command I placed the "." in front making it also invisible. If correctly assumed you can place a "." anywhere. Careful with the "~", that one is used as a "backup" feature by editors like gEdit.

at is not installed by default. To install

sudo apt-get install at


Enter the following command in a Terminal to get the name of your icon theme -

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.interface icon-theme

and take note of it.

Now, edit the ReText.conf file -

nano ~/.config/ReText\ project/ReText.conf

Add the following line to the file -

> [General] > iconTheme=<input your Icon Theme name here>

Press Ctrl+X followed by Y and Enter to save.

Close and reopen ReText. The toolbar should now be visible.

reference


Is there a workspace handler in Unity like that of gnome-shell?

@Francesco It should be on by default if you are using 12.04 or 12.10. If you are using 13.04 it is still installed just off by default. To turn it back on just go to Settings->Appearance->Behavior and check the Enable Workspaces box


Installed Ubuntu 12.10 on Macbook Pro (Late 2011) - cannot detect wireless network?

You must install Ubuntu properly or you have Windows 7. It won't work with Windows 7. If you didn't install properly then click here


Can't add/remove packages, post-install fails

I can't reply to your comment yet, but have you tried the workaround mentioned in the bug thread?

  Install policykit-1 first, then reboot, then install everything else.


Root's home directory is /root, not /

You have no permission to read root's home directory without sudo (or similar).

grep root /etc/passwd

  root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

will show root's home directory

ls -ld /root

  drwx------ 14 root root 4096 Nov  3 20:50 /root

will show that directory's permissions.

Sounds like everything is working as it should.

If you need to see the contents of root's home directory, do this:

  Open a terminal window

$sudo bash

  (enter password. You are now root. BE CAREFUL!)

# ls -l /root (Note your prompt when root is a #)

  (other commands as needed. You are now root. BE CAREFUL!)

#exit (to exit root)


If you're running Unity, not Gnome Shell, my guess is that indicator-datetime isn't running. Try running /usr/lib/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-service from a terminal window. Hopefully that'll fix things. If not, please edit your question to include the exact error message(s) you received.

To launch a terminal, hit Ctrl+Alt+T. You can also type this command to get a list of indicators that are currently running:

ps -ef | grep [i]ndicator


Separate different applications running in different workspaces

Execute the following command to have the dock list windows on the current workspace only:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock isolate-workspaces true


How to setup a restricted SFTP server on Ubuntu?

The best resource to help you begin setting up an ssh service on a Host machine using Ubuntu is OpenSSH Server. This will allow you to use SSH File Transfer Protocol (also Secure File Transfer Protocol, or SFTP) to access, transfer, and manage files over SSH from a Client machine.

Overview of Solution

On Ubuntu you can setup an OpenSSH server on a Host machine and a user can then use ssh to connect from Client to Host's server using only a username and password. Note, however, that public key authentication is recommended,

  "Make sure you have a strong password before installing an SSH server (you may want to disable passwords altogether)"

Administrative User Accounts created on Host will have sudo privileges, Standard User Accounts created on Host will not.

Install and configure your OpenSSH Server on Host

To install an OpenSSH server on Host:

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

Give your Host a Static IP address so you can reliably connect to it:

nm-connection-editor

To configure your OpenSSH server, "first, make a backup of your sshd_config file by copying it to your home directory, or by making a read-only copy in /etc/ssh by doing:"

sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.factory-defaults
sudo chmod a-w /etc/ssh/sshd_config.factory-defaults

"Once you've backed up your sshd_config file, you can make changes with any text editor, for example:"

sudo -H gedit /etc/ssh/sshd_config

You must restart your ssh service on Host for these changes to take effect

sudo service ssh restart

Consider the Following Security Measures

Don't enable port-forwarding on your router: When outsider asks your router to connect outsider to Port 22, etc., your router fails to comply unless you have enabled port-forwarding
Disable root login: Comment out PermitRootLogin without-password; add PermitRootLogin no to Host's /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Choose non-standard SSH port: Comment out Port 22; add Port <new-port-number> to Host's /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Allow only local connections: Add ListenAddress 192.168.0.10
Allow certain users on certain ports: Add AllowUsers <username>@<IP_address_1> <username>@<IP_address_2> or AllowUsers <username>@111.222.333.* to Host's /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Allow only RSA key (passwordless) connections: Append the contents of ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub from each Client as a new line of Host's ~/.ssh/authorized_keys. Then add PasswordAuthentication no to to Host's /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Slow attackers' cracking attempts: Use ufw (uncomplicated firewall) on Host to rate limit incoming connections to 10/minute: sudo apt-get install ufw && sudo ufw limit OpenSSH
For more ideas, see Keeping SSH Access Secure

If you feel you must, Enable PasswordAuthentication in your sshd_config file

Find the line with the phrase PasswordAuthentication and make it read:

PasswordAuthentication yes

Save your new sshd_config file and then restart Host's ssh service:

sudo service ssh restart

If you need access from anywhere over the internet, Setup Port Forwarding on your local router to direct traffic to your OpenSSH server

Note the port Host's ssh service listens to in the sshd_config file and setup your router to forward TCP/UDP traffic aimed at this port to the IP address of your OpenSSH server.

Typically, you can point your web browser to 192.168.1.1 in order to login to your router and setup port forwarding. See Configure OpenSSH server and router to accept SSH connection over internet?

Connect to Host and login via command-line or terminal

To open an SFTP shell terminal as <username> on Host, open a Terminal on Client and enter the following command, replacing 123.123.1.23 with Host's IP address:

sftp <username>@123.123.1.23

If you changed the port number Host's OpenSSH server listens to, do:

sftp -P <port_number_in_Host's_sshd_config_file> <username>@123.123.1.23

To open an SSH shell terminal as <username> on Host, open a Terminal on Client and enter the following command, replacing 123.123.1.23 with Host's IP address:

ssh <username>@123.123.1.23

If you changed the port number Host's OpenSSH server listens to, do:

ssh -p <port_number_in_Host's_sshd_config_file> <username>@123.123.1.23

Connect to Host and login via GUI file manager (e.g., Nautilus) for more visual SFTP access to enable file transfers

Open Nautilus on Client
Select File > Connect to Server
Type: SSH
Server: Enter Host's IP address
Port: port number specified in Host's sshd_config file
User name: username
Password: password

In 14.04:

Open Nautilus on Client
Connect to Server
Type: `ssh @123.123.1.23:

Create Standard User Accounts on Host with limited file permissions outside their home folder

Proper file permissions in place on Host guarantee that each standard user (without sudo privileges) that you create on Host will own their /home/new_user directory but have limited permissions with the rest of the directory structure.

Limited permissions does not necessarily mean they are unable to view filenames and directory structure.

Hope that's helpful!


18.04 Ubuntu Studio: ProRealTime won't launch Java Not Initialized

for the time being it seems you need to install and use Oracle Java for Prorealtime to work under Ubuntu 18.04. Here's the link to a Prorealtime user's description of the problem + solution.

Basically he says the Ubuntu installed version of Java doesn't play nice with PRT and you need to replace it:

Oracle java installation description & download link in English

After you downloaded & installed Java in the folder as indicated by the link & description, you need to tell Ubuntu to open the .jnlp file with Oracle java-ws:

Launch gedit to open empty document & paste the following content

[Desktop Entry]
Comment=
Terminal=false
Name=java-ws
Exec=/usr/java/jre1.8.0_241/bin/javaws %U
Type=Application

Note: path "/usr/java/jre1.8.0_241" in line "Exec" above is arbitrary, but should be the exact folder name where you chose to place the extracted folder from Oracle Java installation link -

Save as

  java-ws.desktop

in folder

  ~/.local/share/applications

To be sure it works, restart the desktop by logging out and logging back in or pressing Alt+F2, followed by the key r and Enter.

Now, you're ready to launch the .jnlp file. Right-click on that file & choose open with to search for the java-ws application.

Launch. You should be all set.


change owner and read write permission of file

Provided you mean in a bash terminal, this is the way to go:

sudo chmod --reference=anotherFile oneFile
sudo chown --reference=anotherFile oneFile

From man chmod

CHMOD(1)

NAME
       chmod - change file mode bits

SYNOPSIS
       chmod [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
       chmod [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
       chmod [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...


Passing multiple commands to gnome-terminal from a script

I've had trouble passing multiple commands to gnome-terminal before, too. Something like this is what I eventually ended up using in my case:

gnome-terminal -x bash -c "echo \"qt4-dev-tools and qt4-default are missing. Now trying to install.\" && sudo apt-get install qt4-dev-tools qt4-default"

Hope it works for you.


Startup Disk Creator not letting me create a startup disk?

I found out that I had to erase and format the disk first, the issue has been solved


Other actually isn't an account, but an item that will allow you to explicitly type in a user name. Sometimes you don't want to show users in the greeter, but you still want to be able to log in with them. That's when you'd choose Other.

About removing that entry: I don't think it's possible. Seems it's hard-coded in the greeter:

...
else
{
    foreach (var user in LightDM.UserList.get_instance ().users)
    {
        var label = user.real_name;
        if (user.real_name == "")
            label = user.name;
        user_list.add_entry (user.name, label, null);
    }
    if (greeter.has_guest_account_hint)
        user_list.add_entry ("*guest", _("Guest Account"), null);
    user_list.add_entry (null, _("Other..."));
}
...


Put a shell script in one of these folders: /etc/cron.daily, /etc/cron.hourly, /etc/cron.monthly or /etc/cron.weekly.

If these are not enough for you, you can add more specific tasks e.g. twice a month or every 5 minutes. Go to the terminal and type:

crontab -e

This will open your personal crontab (cron configuration file). The first line in that file explains it all! In every line you can define one command to run and its schedule, and the format is quite simple when you get the hang of it. The structure is:

minute hour day-of-month month day-of-week command

For all the numbers you can use lists, e.g. 5,34,55 in the minutes field will mean run at 5 past, 34 past, and 55 past whatever hour is defined.

You can also use intervals. They are defined like this: */20. This example means every 20th, so in the minutes column it is equivalent to 0,20,40.

So to run a command every Monday at 5:30 in the afternoon:

30 17 * * 1 /path/to/command

or every 15 minutes

*/15 * * * * /path/to/command

Note that the day-of-week goes from 0-6 where 0 is Sunday.

You can read more here.


Gparted found problems when "checking" both primary partitions. How to fix?

I decided to reformat all partitions and reinstall the Windows Vista and the new Ubuntu 12.10.
I probably created this problem while trying to work with GParted.
Lessons Learned

While I have been using Ubuntu for ~6 years, each time I have a problem upgrading or installing new, I am a newbie all over again.
Ergo, always have a full system install/recovery disc.
Always have current backups of personal files.

Once I decided that I would reformat & reinstall, I was able to experiment with GParted and ultimately learned a lot about how it works and got pretty confident with it. End results were perfect.
By the way, after doing the install, I had a problem with grub restore>.
The following procedure worked perfectly:
How to Repair, Restore, or Reinstall Grub 2 with a Ubuntu Live CD or USB


How do I adjust screen brightness / backight on a Toshiba Satellite C50D?

This is not a full solution but installing indicator-brightness is a nice workaround that worked for me on Ubuntu 14.04, but I suspect it should work on 12.04 as well.

Here is another page about it. All that's needed is to type these commands in a terminal window:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:indicator-brightness/ppa

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install indicator-brightness

After rebooting it should then appear as shown in the picture above. Otherwise search and launch the application manually.


every gnome shell themes I use - renders the search unusable

This is not the FIX soution for this . u must try restarting shell to do following do this:

Alt+F2
type 'r' and press return
Even if the alt+f2 dialog doesn't show, it will still take your
command and run it.

this will help u restarting shell . may be this would help


.desktop file on dock opens in another instance for unity/android studio

Answer for Android studio
Instead of making a manual desktop file for it you can go to
Android Studio -> Tools -> Create Desktop Entry
and for the unity hub as it's an AppImage
you can use AppImaged for appimages


SIM is missing and SIM hot swap is configured, but ports are not opened

Do you have a network problem on that machine, or is it just that message?
If it's just the message, this is most likely nothing to worry about. It is entirely possible that the mainboard has all the hardware for mobile network, but they just didn't connect that chip to the outside and didn't provide a SIM card slot. Hardware makers do that to offer multiple models that can be sold at different prices, yet don't have to develop and maintain actual different hardware.


How to change the storage location of VirtulaBox to other disk

If you Select from menu

File>Preferences...>General

you will find Default Machine Folder.

By choosing other.. you can browse to any location.


Install the OS:

Download Ubuntu
Create a USB bootable flash drive
Install Ubuntu from the USB drive.

I use Remote Desktop to log into the new Ubuntu machine, so I need to find the IP address of the new machine and install xrdp.  In a terminal window, run the following commands:

Type:  sudo apt install net-tools
Type:  sudo apt-get install xrdp
Type:  ifconfig.  Note the IP address of the machine.

At this point, I use RDP to log in and continue the process.

Install BOINC

In a terminal window, type: sudo apt install boinc-client boinc-manager

If you have a graphics card and want to run GPU work units, you need to install the drivers.

For Nvidia,

Type: sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall.  This will install the video drivers and any other drivers your machine may need.  You can research and install the specific drivers you need but I'm lazy and went with this option.
Reboot. BOINC will not recognize the graphics card until you do.
Install OpenCL, type:  sudo apt install ocl-icd-libopencl1.  This was the pain point for me.  BOINC recognized the graphics card, but would not download GPU work units.  I found an error in the BOINC Event Log that mentioned it was not compatible with OpenCL.  After some Google searching, I found this command.
Reboot. BOINC will not download GPU work units until you do.

Congratulations! You now have BOINC set up on your new Ubuntu computer.  You should be able to run CPU and GPU work units.  Go ahead an attach projects or account managers based on your needs.


Ubuntu 18.04 Won't Let Me Type My Password and Log in

Press Ctrl+Alt+T (or  Ctrl+Alt+F3 ) and type:

 sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

The text editor will open and you should change

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

As follow:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"

Then update grub:

sudo update-grub


Is my linux machine Ubuntu and what is the meaning of that?

Linux Mint is based on Ubuntu which in turn is based on Debian. So there you go! From the Ubuntu website:

  Debian can be considered the rock upon which Ubuntu is built. It is a
  volunteer project that has developed and maintained a GNU/Linux
  operating system of the same name for well over a decade....

and:

  Ubuntu is an open source project that develops and maintains a
  cross-platform, open-source operating system based on Debian. It
  includes Unity, a consistent user interface for the smartphone, the
  tablet and the PC....

You are using Linux Mint and not Ubuntu.
There are hundreds of linux distributions out there - have a look at DistroWatch or this list. This image shows you the connections between several distributions (pretty cool!)


I am looking for an IDE like a Pyscripter for coding Python

I use PyDev, the Python plug-in for Eclipse.

Main features:

Django integration
Code completion
Code completion with auto import
Type hinting
Code analysis
Go to definition
Refactoring
Debugger
Remote debugger
Find Referrers in Debugger
Tokens browser
Interactive console
Unittest integration
Code coverage
Find References

And of course, it is fully open source.

If you do not intend to use Eclipse for any other language, then you might prefer LiClipse, a pre-bundled Eclipse/PyDev release.


Not able to boot into Ubuntu after deleting Windows

The easiest way:

Backup your data
Reinstall Ubuntu by creating proper partition sizes for EFI, boot, root and home partitions: 100Mb, 1Gb, 60Gb, 175+Gb
Move your data back into /home partition

Without reinstalling:

Using GParted shrink /dev/sda8 partition to get 1.2Gb of unallocated space. /dev/sda8 partition should be unmounted.

Create a new partition for /boot/efi mount point of 100Mb size.

Create a new partition for /boot mount point of residual Unallocated space - 1+Gb size.

Try the next:
sudo mount /dev/sda8 /mnt
sudo mount /dev/sda5 /mnt/boot (see what it actually is in GParted or fdisk -l - it should be of 1+Gb size)
sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/boot/efi (see what it is in GParted - it should be 100Mb size)
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
sudo chroot /mnt
grub-install /dev/sda
update-grub


Realtek r8191SU driver for kernel >= 3.10

You might Google rtl8191su. I found a lot of driver hits.

Here's one you might check out...

https://github.com/chunkeey/rtl8192su

Cheers, Al