Login using NFS and LDAP only after about 2 minutes possible

We had a NFSv3 entry in /etc/fstab and apparently this caused the problem.


Customizability of (Logitech Brio 4K Ultra HD) Webcam on Ubuntu

You can customize a lot of settings using guvcview.

Install with:
sudo apt install guvcview

To select which webcam to use, click in the Video tab, then select your device (Brio). In the confirm dialog, select to Restart.
Unfortunately it miss angle setting.


Problems with boot "Windows Boot Manager boot failed"

Both your Boot Repair output files indicate the presence of backup files created by Boot Repair -- that is, the utility copied the Windows files (such as bootmgfw.efi to another name and replaced the original files with duplicate copies of GRUB. Boot Repair sometimes does this to work around bugs with certain EFIs, which tend to ignore or forget the EFI boot order variables. Recent versions of Boot Repair will only do this if you explicitly tell it to do so in the Advanced menu, but older versions over-applied this ugly hack of a fix (to an equally ugly bug) to all repairs. Thus, it's not clear to me whether you're using an older Boot Repair or you told it to apply this workaround. Either way, the workaround is likely at least part of the problem, since your grub.cfg file provides pointers to the original Microsoft boot loader filenames, not their backups. This might have happened if you used update-grub in Ubuntu to create a new grub.cfg file after applying the Boot Repair workaround. (Boot Repair itself should create a grub.cfg that points to the backed-up file.)

Your second Boot Repair output lacks the backup files for the main Windows boot loader file (bootmgfw.efi). I assume this is because you modified or copied this file (you wrote that you "replace[d] the bootmgfw.efi in /boot/Microsoft/Boot," but you didn't specify what you replaced it with). Depending on what you did, this might make recovery more difficult.

Your efibootmgr output (lines 1689-1700 in your second Boot Repair output) indicates that your computer is configured to boot the Windows entry -- but as the Windows boot loader has probably been replaced by GRUB, a boot through GRUB to Ubuntu would not be surprising.

In sum, your system is in a tangled mess of a state. For recovery, I recommend:

Back up your ESP! The EFI System Partition (ESP) is normally mounted at /boot/efi in Ubuntu. It's a FAT partition that holds boot loader files, and to enable recovery from future mis-steps that might make matters even worse, backing it up is in order. Fortunately, it's relatively small, and a file-level backup (made with cp or tar, for instance) should suffice. Copy the ESP to a FAT USB flash drive for greatest flexibility -- you may even be able to boot using the flash drive in a pinch.
If you're using an old copy of Boot Repair, trash it and get the latest version instead.
Download the USB flash drive or CD-R version of my rEFInd boot manager and prepare a boot medium from the files. The point is to have rEFInd as an emergency system; you should be able to boot Ubuntu and/or Windows from rEFInd, should things go south.
Launch Boot Repair, enter the Advanced menu, and select the option to restore backed-up files. This may get things working again. OTOH, there's a chance that this will make matters worse -- that's where the backup and rEFInd may become helpful.
If the preceding doesn't help, boot using the rEFInd boot medium. It should show you options to boot both Linux and Windows -- possibly multiple options for both. Try each of them and see if you can get into either or both OSes. You may be able to use this to recover from a disaster (say by restoring your ESP backup) or to gather further diagnostic information. For instance, if you select a Windows icon and it boots GRUB, then that's a clear indication that the replacement I described earlier has occurred and has not been fixed. Note that a problem at this point could take many forms, so I can't provide explicit instructions without writing a small book. You'll have to wing it or post back with details for more help.
If you can't get into Windows at this point (via either a fixed GRUB or rEFInd), then you'll need to restore your Windows boot loader using Windows tools. This is a topic best covered in a Windows forum. Be sure to specify that you're booting in EFI mode; there's a lot of inapplicable BIOS-mode advice still floating around, and people who know only BIOS mode offering inapplicable advice. Chances are that recovering the Windows boot loader will cause the computer to boot straight to Windows. You can use the rEFInd external medium to boot back into Ubuntu and then use efibootmgr to restore the Ubuntu boot loader to the default, or use Boot Repair to re-install GRUB, or install rEFInd to your hard disk by installing its PPA or Debian package, as you see fit.
Once you get everything working, make a fresh backup of your ESP, so that you can restore it to a working state if and when new problems arise.


"ImportError: No module named Peppermint" after installing Ice from Peppermint

diagnosis
Your error output looks remarkably similar to the linked question below.
In summary - by installing a non-ubuntu repository package you have overwritten the information that software center depends upon to inform it that it is running on ubuntu.
To correct this
Open a terminal window and change the peppermint release information with the defaults for ubuntu
N.B. copy and paste the following:
gksu gedit /etc/*release

and change everything in the file gedit brings up to:
for 11.10
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=11.10
DISTRIB_CODENAME=Oneric
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 11.10"

for 12.04
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04 LTS"

Save and close the file.  Then copy and paste in a terminal:
gksu gedit /etc/*issue

and change to:
11.10
Ubuntu 11.10 \n \l

12.04
Ubuntu 12.04 LTS \n \l

Save and close.

Linked Question:

How to I fix software center after installing the Linux Mint MATE desktop?


Is there a command to know whether my "/var/lib/dpkg/status" is fine? To be sure that there is nothing wrong in dpkg and its files

I solved this problem in this way. The answer is a bit different in this case. Since update and upgrade didn't show any error, you need.

First install a random program u want, for ur easiness u can try a small program named "hello" using "sudo apt install hello", and paste below command.

for package in $(apt remove --purge hello -y 2>&1 | grep "warning: files list file for package '" | grep -Po "[^'\n ]+'" | grep -Po "[^']+"); do apt-get install --reinstall "$package" -y; done

Incase if u don't know how to paste this command. For a demo, create a file named ls.sh and edit and paste above command. Go to its properties allow the file for executing. And go to terminal and reach to that folder where your script is, using "cd" and type "./ls.sh" to execute.

Now this will take huge amount time depending your internet speed and whether its a SSD or HDD. Fast internet + SDD = Less time. So, if its not in ur case than u can simple press Ctrl + C to stop the program. The number of "installing packages" decrease time by time. Stop at your will, run at your will.

To clean your memory, run:

 sudo apt autoclean
 sudo apt autoremove

every-time if possible when you stop the script from running.


The root filesystem is read-only and you have to remount it in read-write mode with this command

sudo mount -o remount, rw /

and copy the ringtone afterwards.

After that you can restart the phone and the root filesystem will be read-only again.


You can use:

echo "Your message" | gpg -ea -r "Recipient name" | mail -s "Subject" recipient@example.com

Recipient name must to be is in your gpg keyring.

Source: How can I send gpg encrypted mail automatically from the linux command line?


Wireless network adapter problems with Realtek

Updating the driver fixed this issue for me.

Go to

https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new/

And download the file to your sd card. Transfer file to whatever directory you like.

cd (directory you chose to copy to)

Then

cd rtlwifi_new

Then run

make

Then

sudo make install

Lastly reboot your computer, the issue should be resolved


Why I am seeing different content in crontab -e and nano /etc/crontab

/etc/crontab is root's crontab. crontab -e edits the crontab for the current user.


The error messages you're seeing here are related to ecryptfs obviously, but they're actually a red herring.  That is, they should not actually be causing Unity's Dash to not search your files.

I thought, perhaps, Unity blacklisted encrypted files in the way that updatedb and locate do, but that does not appear to be the case.  I can confirm that I have an encrypted directory with file names, and Unity's dash is able to search my files okay.

Full disclosure: I am the author of Ubuntu's Encrypted Home Directory feature and the current maintainer of eCryptfs.


You are trying to mount two different partitions /dev/sdb3 and /dev/sda3 on the same mount point /media/Media. Create a new folder under /media (e.g. Media2) and edit your fstab to mount the second partition on that.


How do I use the "Ubuntu One" folder name in scripts?

If it is the space bugging you you need to escape it. You can use auto-complete for it.

Example:

$ls
AR Tonelico   Cowon J3  Desktop  lost+found  user_guide_8455_dvb.pdf

'Cowon J3' has a space in it. If I would want to cd into 'Cowon J3' I type 'cd C' and hit tab. Linux fills in the rest and you will see a \ added in front of the space so it would look like this:

cd Cowon\ J3/

Same goes for other special characters like the \ itself (you use 2x \ to escape it).

Same principle works for starting a program with a directory or file as a parameter.


Motherboards very rarely have Nvidia integrated Graphics but the easiest way to find out would be to look at the back of the desktop and check if the monitor inputs are directly connected to the motherboard. This can easily be spotted by looking for a HDMI, DVI, DisplayPort, or VGA connector next to other inputs such as Ethernet, audio connectors and USB ports. If it is a card then it would be installed in one of the PCI slots usually situated near the bottom of the tower.

Admittedly because this answer doesn't really mention Ubuntu in any way it is sort of invalid in the context but it should still answer the question.


Issue with linux-image-5.0.0-13-generic file during installations

/etc/default/grub: blinking: not found

erase in /etc/default/grub  blinking cursor.

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub

Then run

sudo dpkg --configure -a && sudo apt -f install


How do I report a missing package dependency during an upgrade?

You should open a bug against the linux kernel package. The easiest way to do this is from a shell prompt, by typing the following:

ubuntu-bug linux

This will collect information and error logs commonly needed for kernel troubleshooting, and include them in the bug report.


Network adapter not working with Dell Vostro 1500 Ubuntu 14.04

You need to connect to internet using some other adapter and run in terminal

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

and reboot.

If you do not have any other internet connection, then download these files.

http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/b/b43-fwcutter/b43-fwcutter_018-2_amd64.deb
http://www.lwfinger.com/b43-firmware/broadcom-wl-5.100.138.tar.bz2

Copy them to your home folder and run in terminal

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo dpkg -i b43*.deb
tar xfvj broadcom-wl-5.100.138.tar.bz2
sudo b43-fwcutter -w /lib/firmware broadcom-wl-5.100.138/linux/wl_apsta.o

For 32-bit systems download http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/b/b43-fwcutter/b43-fwcutter_018-2_i386.deb

instead of the 64-bit package.


One simple trick to try is to use the nice command to reduce the scheduler priority of the process that's doing the conversion.

For example

nice avconv <arguments>

This may or may not do as much as you want though, because system responsiveness can have a lot more to do with I/O (input/output) activity as anything else.  But it is worth it for a first try.

The other thing you can do is try to limit the number of simultaneous threads on the converter so that some of your CPU cores can remain idle.

avconv <arguments> -threads 1

Note that if you do effectively reduce the CPU time allocated to a conversion process, it will take longer to complete.


Well, no solution until now.

There was old bug in Gnome, it's unrelated and was patched in 2012
Configuration tools even if I changed settings for other buttons through dconf up and down are still sending Super key
Bug is unrelated to compiz
Bug is reproduced on UltraVNC
Only gnome session is affected, XFCE works flawless -> that's not completely true - on XFCE I can't tab to autocomplete in bash - it sends alt+tab insead.


Sequence of the scripts that run when a debian package is installed

The Debian wiki page on Maintainer Scripts has flow charts describing all the possible cases. I won't copy all of them here, but here's one for example:

This seems to be most complex example, but in any case, this margin would be too narrow to contain a description of all the possible cases in words. ;)


What kind of battery management is preinstalled on a clean Ubuntu 18.04 install?

NOTE: This answer had been edited majorly, introducing significant semantical changes:
Assumedly valid for both Ubuntu 18.04 and 20.04:
The default Gnome Settings app offers blanking the screen, switching off bluetooth and wifi to save battery power, and auto-suspending when idle, in the range from 15 mins to 2 hours.
GUI for advanced battery-management options:
I don't know where is the GUI for adjusting the below discussed settings. What I mean is, it might got nuked, which is a trend these years with the default Ubuntu experience (Gnome 3 desktop).
Where are the actual configs:
Battery-related settings now exist redundantly in the system, which is highly misleading.
With that said, they are probably in /etc/UPower/UPower.conf, as pointed out by @hackerb9 (thanks for the find, @lucidbrot)
Additionally, they are present among the system-wide application settings, accessed via the gsettings API, exposed by the optionally installable application, dconf-editor.
Those ones in gsettings are organized in the org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power namespace, and apparently they do not take effect.
I take this from the above linked answer by @hackerb9, plus the telling comment section under this blog article.
(Actually, some settings in that gsettigs namespace keep taking effect, just not the ones that are introduced below.)
What can be configured:
There is a choice whether one wants to work in terms of battery level percentage or in terms of remaining time (gsettings default: time, UPower.conf default setting: percentage).
The following can be configured as both percentages and remaining time, both in UPower.conf and in gsettings, defaults being the same among them:

from where it is considered low (default: 10% or 1200secs)
from where it is considered critical (default: 3% or 300secs)
level at which an automatic action is taken (default: 2% or 120secs)

Critical battery action choices in UPower.conf:
hybridSleep | hibernate | shutdown (default: hybridSleep, with fallback to the other options)
Critical battery action choices in gsettings:
suspend | hibernate | shutdown | and other options (default: suspend)
Worth repeating, it's likely the ones in gsettings do not play a part any more.
Now for another thing to ponder over: the UPower.conf file starts with the following comment:

Only the system vendor should modify this file, ordinary users should
not have to change anything.

Ubuntu Help on power/battery topic
(apparently for 20.10, in other words Gnome 3 (shared by 18.04)):
https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/power.html.en
Battery care via additional software:
This article commends TLP for 18.04 and higher.
TLP is well-discussed on this forum. It seems to have pretty fine-grained settings for when to start and when to stop charging, but these settings are vendor-specific (IBM/Lenovo ThinkPad, when additional dependencies are met).
Battery care via BIOS:

If you primarily use your computer with the AC adapter attached and only infrequently use battery power

In my Dell laptop's BIOS menu, there is a dedicated checkbox for exactly this use case. IIRC it's not being explained, how Dell will protect the battery, but the presence of this checkbox suggests that they are doing something differently then. So also take a good look around in your BIOS menu.
A relevant admission:
Perhaps I should have checked the aforementioned kept-on-charger BIOS checkbox, because that was my use case too. But I found it too late.
So, possibly - but not proven - due to this after 4 years, my battery has swollen to double its original thickness, and had to be removed. Due to this, right now I can't test or confirm any battery-related behaviour.


Does OPenVPN requires two network adapters?

It can be done with a single adapter, however you need to setup multiple configuration files in a linux machine to do so. https://community.openvpn.net/openvpn/wiki/HOWTO --> Go down to "Editing the server configuration file"


You have to choose which profile to start.  The way to do so Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below.

firefox -P

and make sure that you do not have a check mark in Don`t ask at startup

Now, to restore your bookmarks, or copy the old profile to the new profile, do this:

Go into the original profile, press Ctrl+Shift+O on your keyboard to open the bookmark window

click on Import and Backup, and choose Backup

Then choose the file name and location of the file.

Now, to restore the bookmarks, follow the same steps, but instead of Backup, choose Restore, and pick the file that you backed up

To recover a deleted profile:

Using the Profile Manager to recover a profile

If another profile folder exists with data you want to recover, you can use the Profile Manager to create a new profile that will use the profile folder containing your missing data.  For complete information See this site


How do I create a grub entry to load another grub instance?

User Emmanual Rosa at unix.stackexchange.com has a pretty good answer:
    menuentry 'The Other Ubuntu' {
       insmod chain
       set root=(hd0,3)
       configfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    }

In the above example, I've made it so that the option shown during boot reads The Other Ubuntu. Feel free to change this to whatever you want it to say, by changing that first line, after the "menuentry" part, before the "{" character.
I feel I should mention, I've found this configuration can be a bit finicky at times, as GRUB doesn't always see my storage devices in the same order. One day, the partition in question could be located on "hd0", the next it could be "hd1", "hd2", etc. Generally, the partition number is the same, it's just the different "hd number" that's changed. However, if you find yourself adding, moving, or deleting partitions, your partition number could change, as well. Because of reasons like these, it's better to use UUIDs, instead. The code for doing so is a bit more complex, but you'll find an example below. For simplicity's sake, let's assume the partition with the soon-to-be-chainloaded GRUB instance has a UUID of 12345-abcdefg:
    menuentry 'The Other Ubuntu' {
       insmod chain
       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
              search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3  12345-abcdefg
           else
              search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 12345-abcdefg
       fi
       configfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    }

Since Ubuntu auto-rebuilds the GRUB configuration everytime a kernel is installed or removed (and Canonical releases new kernels regularly), it's best not to bother changing the /boot/grub/grub.cfg file by hand. Instead, add the code to the end of /etc/grub/40_custom, and run sudo update-grub.
I can personally vouch for this solution, as I've actually used this to add an Arch installation's GRUB to Ubuntu's GRUB. Since there's no easy way (AFAIK) to pass a RESUME= kernel parameter to Arch (for hibernating) without over-complicating Ubuntu's grub.cfg file, just putting it in Arch's GRUB (which doesn't change like Ubuntu's does), and hacking Arch's GRUB into Ubuntu's GRUB menu just made things easy for me.
PS: I realize that the OP knows the UUID of his/her second GRUB instance, but if anyone stumbling on this answer doesn't know the UUID of the partition containing their other grub, the lsblk command might be of use. Something like lsblk -o name,size,label,type,uuid should allow you to figure out which partition is which (especially if said partitions are labeled), and copy/paste a UUID from there.


Background image is not showing at login screen. 14.04

Install dconf-editor either via the Ubuntu Software Center or CLI.

In dconf-editor go to: com > canonical > unity > unity-greeter

and then make sure that the tick box draw-user-backgrounds is set to True.


Trouble finding ubuntu compatable usb wifi adapters

Look at this page : WifiDocs
It worked perfectly for me !


Missing icons in the launcher after upgrade to Ubuntu 14.04

This was relatively easy to solve:

Right click on the item and click Remove from Launcher.
With the file browser open the /usr/share/applications folder and search for the file corresponding to the application (e.g. Eclipse - in the file system it is named eclipse.desktop).
Drag this file to the Launcher.


You can execute this command in your shell to treat ! as regular chacter

set +o histexpand

Thus,

./sample "ball!28sweetDecay" # will give ball!28sweetDecay

Source: https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/355797/196433


Keyboard shortcut to bring up System Monitor

The command you need

If you already found out how to set a custom shortcut: the command you need to set is:

gnome-system-monitor

How to find out the command

To find a command like that is often easy:

Open the application
Open a terminal, type xprop, click on the application's window. In the terminal output that appears, look for a line like:

WM_CLASS(STRING) = "gnome-system-monitor", "Gnome-system-monitor"

...and there we are, often the lower case version is the command to run the application. There are a few other ways though. One is to look into the corresponding .desktop file in /usr/share/applications and see what (the first) Exec= -line sais.


When you installed MAAS it will automatically also set up a cluster controller interface. You will need to configure this to reflect the network you want. If you read the docs at http://maas.ubuntu.com/docs/cluster-configuration.html this should outline what needs to be done.

In your case, two interfaces should be listed, and you should select eth1 to be managed with DHCP and DNS.


Lots of ways to skin a cat.  Here's one of them

#!/bin/bash
python3 -ix -c "import math; c = 299792458; Na = 6.022E23"

And that's it.  The equivalent windows batch file is a one liner that contains just

@python -ix -c "import math; c = 299792458; Na = 6.022E23"

There is no need to create a python script and then execute it.  You can execute the commands using the -c option.  The @ just hides the command from being echoed.


Instructions how to install extensions for all users are found on following url,
however this disables the automatic update of the extensions and needs manual
upgrades.

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Installing_extensions#Linux


Clean Install of 14.04, but it waits and waits on shutdown, any idea why?

Once you click on shutdown press Ctrl-Alt-F6 and observe what happens.
To come back Press Ctrl-Alt-F7


How do I enable/disable wifi in Lubuntu 14.04

That useful feature is provided by the Network Manager Applet (nm-applet) in Ubuntu. Lubuntu has it installed, but not engaged, as if the OS was designed for old desktop PCs of the pre-wireless era.
To remedy that, you can manually add nm-applet --sm-disable to autostart.

Lubuntu 14.04 has a nice GUI for that under
Menu->Preferences->Default Applications for LXSession->Autostart.

Logout/login to test when done.


It was removed because of Python 2 deprecation, but you can still install by downloading its packages from 19.10 manually
sudo add-apt-repository universe

mkdir -p ~/Downloads/nicotine
cd ~/Downloads/nicotine

wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pygtk/python-glade2_2.24.0-6_amd64.deb
wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pygtk/python-gtk2_2.24.0-6_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/n/nicotine/nicotine_1.2.16+dfsg-1.1_all.deb

sudo apt install ./*.deb

and enjoy.


Nautilus how filter every files by extension

You can search/find.

Press Ctrl+F and enter the extension, like .ogg and all the files with the extension .ogg will be shown, depending on the directories you search in.

It's not quite what you asked for, but it's as close as I can think of.


Correct way to masquerade IP in iptables

You should rather use the second one since you have multiple NICs.

Only the packages that go out of the interface connected to the Internet have to be masqueraded.

-o means outgoing Interface so it's only a further reduction of the general first option

For more information and getting started with iptables have a look at this tutorial


I would recommend that you use the latest sources from SVN. Celestia 1.6.1 is quite old. Celestia 1.7 was never released, but it was close to being released. There is no development at the moment in Celestia SVN.

The recommended UI for Celestia 1.7 is QT4. Makefile for building this UI is generated with qmake, not with GNU autotools.

Edit celestia.pro.

run qmake
and make

More details at: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Celestia/Development/Qt4

Because the development in the official SourceForge SVN is dead, I have just started a git repo with the latest Celestia sources: https://github.com/bgodard/celestia-g2 . It includes a patch which adds a new feature to Celestia.

If you really want to build Celestia 1.6.1, you might want to get the source package from the Ubuntu repo and see which patches might have been applied to have it compile with recent gcc versions.


what is touchpad equivalent to mouse middle button click

Three finger tap is the equivalent of a mouse middle click in libinput that is default in Ubuntu. Provided that your touchpad supports multi-finger action.


Apache2 stops working after running a2ensite command

As of for subdomains 000-default use:

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        ServerName  yourdomain.com
        ServerAlias subdomain.domain.com
        DocumentRoot /home/username/public_html/example
        <Directory />
                Options FollowSymLinks
                AllowOverride None
        </Directory>
        <Directory /home/username/public_html/example>
                Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                AllowOverride None
                Order allow,deny
                allow from all
        </Directory>

        ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
        <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
                AllowOverride None
                Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
                Order allow,deny
                Allow from all
        </Directory>

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

        # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
        # alert, emerg.
        LogLevel warn

        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

</VirtualHost>


It seems this file in:

/etc/profile.d/flatpak.sh

was causing the issues. After deleting everything worked ok.


Problems installing Ubuntu using CD somebody help please

possible you didnt installed grub in master boot, and win7 boot loader dont see the ubuntu boot loader. Try to edit the win7 boot loader with bcdedit


Steam error: ''You are missing the following 32-bit libraries, and Steam may not run: libGL.so.1''

For me this was solved by:

Creating /etc/ld.so.conf.d/steam.conf with the contents:

/usr/lib32
/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa

Running sudo ldconfig to update the shared library cache
installing/reinstalling the 32bit mesa libraries:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx:i386

Source


Hmmm I'm not sure what "registering" your Ubuntu system on the network might mean.
If your workplace wifi is unencrypted, then Ubuntu may be connecting to the wifi and then being bumped off on the basis of MAC address filtering or some other kind of device verification system.

I think you need to talk to the IT guys at work...

Clarification: I'm presuming that when you say you have no problems connecting to WIFI at home, that your work PC is a laptop, and you're connecting to your home network with no problems.
The first thing to be sure of is that the WIFI driver in Ubuntu is capable of connecting to WIFI at all. So testing connecting to a different network would be good.

Then if you find you're able to connect to other networks, your next step would be to check that the Ubuntu driver for your WIFI adapter is capable of making your WIFI adapter connect to the particular type of WIFI network that your workplace is using.
Often times with drivers, there is partial functionality, but not every function works. The problems with Ubuntu bluetooth functionality is a good example of that.


View progress of a package installation in terminal

I use debconf-apt-progress, which should be included in ubuntu by default.
Basic syntax:

sudo apt-get install <package> | debconf-apt-progress


You need to run sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb1 in this case.


Generally to activate any special function keys on your keyboard you need to choose your "model" from the keyboard section of the preferences menu.

your model should be listed under Compaq.

Hope this helps.


Can't install 12.04 to flash using unetbootin.exe

Try using LinuxLive USB Creator instead of unetbootin.


I'm guessing your using unity under ubuntu 11.04 in which case unity doesn't support the sensors applet. A lot of people seem to be suggesting trying the indicator applets that you can find in synaptic but I haven't any experience myself.

EDIT: I found indicator-sensors that provides the functionality you need.


To edit the existing shortcut, copy the desktop file of Firefox from /usr/share/applications (firefox) to the folder .local/share/applications in the home folder. Edit the Exec= line.
If more users need to be able to use that launcher, place a copy of the .desktop file in a /usr/local/share/applications folder. That will override the copy in /usr/share/applications. You could edit the original launcher directly, but it might be overwritten by a future update.


Hm config problem, look for the settings in /etc/ for something like pm or powermangment. Also have a look in /var/log/.
Meanwhile you can use sudo shutdown -P now form the terminal.


What does the tilde at the end of a file name stand for?

If a file is appended with a tilde~, it only means that it is a backup created by a text editor or similar program; it does not suggest another program is writing to that file. Besides, any file opened in vi cannot be opened in another application, but that is another discussion.

To easily find all these type of files, type cd to get to the top level of your home folder and enter:

find -type f -iname '*~'

Or, if you want to find them in a specific directory, type:

find /home/mike/Downloads -type f -iname '*~'

These files can be very useful if you happened to have edited a file and have not saved a backup of the original! Gedit, for example, creates such a backup of any file edited, although you can turn off this setting in the preferences. However, the  (files~) are no substitute for a proper backup, as they might not contain the data you need, or be the version of the edit you wanted.


double click on a file, causes the app to open in the background. How to make it open in the front of all windows?

This is controlled by settings in your Windows Manager regarding focus.

In Xfce (which I use), go to Settings, Xfce Settings, Windows Manager Tweaks, then click the Focus tab.  Make sure "Prevent focus stealing" is turned off, and "Honor standard ICCCM focus hint" is turned on.

If you use some other Windows Manager, you should be able to find similar focus settings somewhere.


when you click in gui it is not mount command that is working under the hood, it is udisks2.
udisksctl mount -b blockdevice name (example /dev/sdb1)


Installing local deb files with all dependencies

The cleaner way would be to create your own private PPA, as outlined in this Askubuntu question or, perhaps better, this one.

Manually putting all the debs in the cache var/cache/apt/archives/ may indeed not be so "clean", but nevertheless can work if all required debs are locally present, and especially since you are also specifying the version to install: apt (or apt-get) first looks in the cache before attempting to go out on the internet.


Are drivers for 3DConnexion devices included in FreeCAD/ParaVIEW?

3DConnexion devices are known as 3D mice or spaceball (former name). The most widely used is the SpaceNavigator. 3DConnexion.com is the website.

There is an open source driver named spacenav. It's available through the libspnav0 package. FreeCAD supports it, but the package available in Ubuntu repositories has not been built with it. To use it, I suggest you add one of the FreeCAD PPA to update your FreeCAD to a version which supports those devices.

I don't know of other CAD apps supporting spacenav.


I've found the answer, apparently Ubuntu runs Wayland for the login screen or starts XWayland process in case you want to switch to Wayland from Xorg during the login.
My Nvidia card (or its specific driver version) doesn't work fine with Wayland - if I login into Wayland it wull show VGA as Intel (the build-in one) and HDMDI, for eample, will not work as it's controled by the Nvidia card. That was crashing XWayland process sometimes when login screen was drawed - dugin the log off or returning from the suspend mode in particular.

Editing /etc/gdm3/custom.conf uncommenting WaylandEnable=false as suggested in the same document: # Uncoment the line below to force the login screen to use Xorg
forces the login screen to use Xorg.

I cannot login into Wayland anymore but it was no use to me since Nvidia card wasn't working fine anyways (I need  HDMI to share the laptop screen from time to time) and it's easthier for me to "switch off" Wayland as I haven't used it in any case the troubleshoot Nvidia/Wayland compatibility which can be rather difficult/time consuming if possible at all


How can i speed up my computer? or how can i deactivate the visual effects for better performance?

You can get the correct hardware support for your GPU instead of
burdening your CPU with graphics.

Look for hardware acceleration wherever you can find it and install
all the opengl mesa etc. If using nvidia or other non intel, go to
software center, click "edit" select "software sources" and click on
the "additional drivers" tab. There you will see proprietary drivers
if there are any available for your setup. Reboot for changes to take
effect. The "tested" versions are usually the most stable.For intel see here
If you're using an older system, make sure you have enough swappiness
and swap space to take the load off the system when it's needed.
Also, many older systems benefit from the use of zram: see this
post

Switch to a lighter desktop like Ubuntustudio Xubuntu or Lubuntu.
All of these are designed for system performance through low
overhead and minimal use of desktop effects.

ubuntustudio.org

xubuntu.org

lubuntu.net


Getting the jdk from oracle here: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html is essentially the same as from elsewhere. Oracle doesn't seem to want you to get the tar.gz of the jdk/jre without first accepting their license agreement. As far as I can tell they have managed to successfully remove the old archives from the web. Heres the geneaology showing the links between the jdk and openjdk


can't install ubuntu it gets stuck on installing grub2

If you're using a BIOS with UEFI capability, you need to create a GPT disk with a small EFI partition for the bootloader so the installer can "see" it.

I had a similar problem when adding an Intel Optane SSD to my older system and installing Kubuntu. My system is i4790K based motherboard that doesn't fully support NVME drives, but I used a PCIE based Optane and it works just fine using a SATA SSD to boot from the EFI partition, and run Kubuntu and Windows OS on the Optane drive.

I thought it was the BIOS blocking me at first but turns out it was the type of partitions I had - MBR vs GPT preventing me from creating an EFI area. If you're using UEFI BIOS you should use GPT and create a small EFI boot partition. Once I wiped the SSD and changed to GPT with the Live Kubuntu disk partitioning app (like Gpart), I was able to create an EFI boot partition (100MB is big enough for both Linux and Windows bootloaders) on my Samsung 860 SSD, plus a Windows 10 and Kubuntu storage partitions so I could dual-boot. Note that Windows will not install on MBR when set to UEFI in the BIOS, GPT partitions only. Once I realized this and changed all drives to GPT and add an EFI boot partition, the installer was able to locate where to put GRUB on my SSD and the install completed normally within a few minutes.

Note if you want to dual-boot Windows, you should create all the GPT partitions you want to use first, then install Windows so it's easier to get it placed where you want on the disk. Then install Ubuntu after so GRUB can find and configure the setup for both bootloaders.

Very happy with the results here.


Occasional duplicate keys when typing on Dell Insiron 7547 keyboard

You have a hardware problem:

Download the service manual for your machine
order a replacement keyboard from your manufacturer
Remove the broken keyboard
Add the replacement keyboard

Done

Why? The labour is more expensive then the part: replacing your keyboard yourself is easy and will save you a lot of money! (2 → 4 screws is all it takes)


Failed to start The Apache HTTP Server on Ubuntu 18.4

The virtualhost config file needs rework
From
<VirtualHost *:80>
     ServerAdmin admin@opencart.com
     DocumentRoot /var/www/html/opencart/
     ServerName opentcart.com ServerAlias www.opencart.com <Directory /var/www/html/opencart/> Options FollowSymlinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined </VirtualHost>

To
<VirtualHost *:80>
     ServerAdmin admin@opencart.com
     DocumentRoot /var/www/html/opencart/
     ServerName opentcart.com
     ServerAlias www.opencart.com
     <Directory /var/www/html/opencart/>
        Options FollowSymlinks
        AllowOverride All
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
     </Directory>
     ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
     CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>


overheating on lenovo ideapad z710; kubuntu 14.04

Install the Nvidia proprietary driver this way:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-346 nvidia-prime

and reboot.

Your both graphics adapters consume power. that causes overheating.

And your discrete adapter does not work without the driver.

You can switch to the powersave Intel adapter by:

sudo prime-select intel

then log off and log on.


jabra headset's microphone does not show up in sound control

You might need to delete the bluetooth settup for the device and set it up again.  Once it's installed correctly and is connected via Bluetooth it should definitely show up in the sound settings.  My Jabra Wave is working great with 12.10, but after connecting I still have to open sound settings and change the input and output to use it.


How do I make sure the Software Updater App isn't running?

As per your own comment:

  Close your terminal and find the Update App wanting to install an update.


Setting up autostart application in Xubuntu

To add an application to your autostart programs just copy its .desktop file to ~/.config/autostart/. Make sure the Exec line of the file says

Exec=/home/kriszcash/Desktop/0.3.4b/miner


No Graphics in Details in System Settings

Open System Settings - click Details - click Overview ... now you can see graphics information.


For some reason, DBeaver does not use path substitution, i.e. it does not replace ~ by the user's home folder.

Instead, use the full path:

/home/[username]/.sdkman/candidates/java/8u161-oracle/jre/bin


Are any other systems' manpages available on Ubuntu?

I think Ubuntu placement of man pages with respect to that feature is broken:

Entering man -wm es man shows /usr/share/man/es/man1/man.1.gz, that is, the spanish manual page for man(1) as installed by package man-db
Similar to what you noticed about POSIX manpages, freebsd-manpages install into their own sections instead of under a distinct "operating system's manual pages" and can be viewed accordingly, for example man 3freebsd sysctl

FWIW, the same confusing behaviour of -m is present on ArchLinux and Debian. Implementation of -m on FreeBSD concerns the machine architecture, not operating system.

To answer your question's title, at least GNU/kFreeBSD manpages are available, but not using the documented method of viewing them.

(As an aside, initial commit to NewOS repository is from 2000, but initial commit to GNU man-db man(1) source shows a copyright from 1995 along with a reference to NewOS, as does the most recent version of man-db in Debian bo. This possibly indicates that NewOS was used as a placeholder name instead of referring to the actual software.)


If you are using Ubuntu 10.10 or 11.04, the notification area has been disabled by default. This was made to favor Ubuntu indicators. There is a tutorial showing how to enable the notification area back on WebUpd8.org.

Nonetheless, if you use Ubuntu 11.10 or upper, then there is a new feature that is able to convert many of the notification icons into neat indicators. This is automatic. So iBus in Ubuntu 11.10 appears normally in the upper bar of your desktop.


How do I get a dark theme/night mode in Calibre Ebook Viewer?

In addition to the steps in the question for making the overall app theme dark, one must apply a theme within the ebook viewer. Here's how to do that:
Save the default theme

Open an ebook (any ebook).
Click on the Settings icon (screwdriver and spanner icon depending on your version) on the bottom left.
Open Theming Tab and Save the theme by a your name of choice.

Create the Dark theme

Open the User Stylesheet Tab
Paste the Solarised Dark theme CSS code at the bottom of this answer. Sourced from saucemcboss' Github Repo.
Open Theming Tab and Save the new theme by a your name of choice.

This way it will apply to all your ebooks, together with the app's theme. You can switch between the default and Dark theme from the Theming tab's Load button.
CSS:
article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
nav,
section,
summary {
  display: block;
}
audio,
canvas,
video {
  display: inline-block;
}
audio:not([controls]) {
  display: none;
  height: 0;
}
[hidden] {
  display: none;
}
html {
  font-family: sans-serif;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;
}
body {
  margin: 0;
}
a:focus {
  outline: thin dotted;
}
a:active,
a:hover {
  outline: 0;
}
h1 {
  font-size: 2em;
}
abbr[title] {
  border-bottom: 1px dotted;
}
b,
strong {
  font-weight: bold;
}
dfn {
  font-style: italic;
}
mark {
  background: #ff0;
  color: #000;
}
code,
kbd,
pre,
samp {
  font-family: monospace, serif;
  font-size: 1em;
}
pre {
  white-space: pre-wrap;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}
q {
  quotes: "\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019";
}
small {
  font-size: 80%;
}
sub,
sup {
  font-size: 75%;
  line-height: 0;
  position: relative;
  vertical-align: baseline;
}
sup {
  top: -0.5em;
}
sub {
  bottom: -0.25em;
}
img {
  border: 0;
}
svg:not(:root) {
  overflow: hidden;
}
figure {
  margin: 0;
}
fieldset {
  border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
  margin: 0 2px;
  padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
}
legend {
  border: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
button,
input,
select,
textarea {
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 100%;
  margin: 0;
}
button,
input {
  line-height: normal;
}
button,
html input[type="button"],
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
  -webkit-appearance: button;
  cursor: pointer;
}
button[disabled],
input[disabled] {
  cursor: default;
}
input[type="checkbox"],
input[type="radio"] {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding: 0;
}
input[type="search"] {
  -webkit-appearance: textfield;
  -moz-box-sizing: content-box;
  -webkit-box-sizing: content-box;
  box-sizing: content-box;
}
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
}
button::-moz-focus-inner,
input::-moz-focus-inner {
  border: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
textarea {
  overflow: auto;
  vertical-align: top;
}
table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
  border-spacing: 0;
}
html {
  font-family: 'PT Sans', sans-serif;
}
pre,
code {
  font-family: 'Inconsolata', sans-serif;
}
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
  font-family: 'PT Sans Narrow', sans-serif;
  font-weight: 700;
}
html {
  background-color: #073642;
  color: #839496;
}
body {
  background-color: #002b36;
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 23cm;
  border: 1pt solid #586e75;
  padding: 1em;
}
code {
  background-color: #073642;
  padding: 2px;
}
a {
  color: #b58900;
}
a:visited {
  color: #cb4b16;
}
a:hover {
  color: #cb4b16;
}
h1 {
  color: #d33682;
}
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
  color: #859900;
}
pre {
  background-color: #002b36;
  color: #839496;
  border: 1pt solid #586e75;
  padding: 1em;
  box-shadow: 5pt 5pt 8pt #073642;
}
pre code {
  background-color: #002b36;
}
h1 {
  font-size: 2.8em;
}
h2 {
  font-size: 2.4em;
}
h3 {
  font-size: 1.8em;
}
h4 {
  font-size: 1.4em;
}
h5 {
  font-size: 1.3em;
}
h6 {
  font-size: 1.15em;
}
.tag {
  background-color: #073642;
  color: #d33682;
  padding: 0 0.2em;
}
.todo,
.next,
.done {
  color: #002b36;
  background-color: #dc322f;
  padding: 0 0.2em;
}
.tag {
  -webkit-border-radius: 0.35em;
  -moz-border-radius: 0.35em;
  border-radius: 0.35em;
}
.TODO {
  -webkit-border-radius: 0.2em;
  -moz-border-radius: 0.2em;
  border-radius: 0.2em;
  background-color: #2aa198;
}
.NEXT {
  -webkit-border-radius: 0.2em;
  -moz-border-radius: 0.2em;
  border-radius: 0.2em;
  background-color: #268bd2;
}
.ACTIVE {
  -webkit-border-radius: 0.2em;
  -moz-border-radius: 0.2em;
  border-radius: 0.2em;
  background-color: #268bd2;
}
.DONE {
  -webkit-border-radius: 0.2em;
  -moz-border-radius: 0.2em;
  border-radius: 0.2em;
  background-color: #859900;
}
.WAITING {
  -webkit-border-radius: 0.2em;
  -moz-border-radius: 0.2em;
  border-radius: 0.2em;
  background-color: #cb4b16;
}
.HOLD {
  -webkit-border-radius: 0.2em;
  -moz-border-radius: 0.2em;
  border-radius: 0.2em;
  background-color: #d33682;
}
.NOTE {
  -webkit-border-radius: 0.2em;
  -moz-border-radius: 0.2em;
  border-radius: 0.2em;
  background-color: #d33682;
}
.CANCELLED {
  -webkit-border-radius: 0.2em;
  -moz-border-radius: 0.2em;
  border-radius: 0.2em;
  background-color: #859900;
}


Error in network definition at netcfg.yaml file: unknown key tunnels

In yaml, indentation matters.  The config you've pasted in your question shows two spaces of indentation for ethernets: and three spaces for tunnels:, which means this is treated as a child of ethernets instead of as a sibling, and there is no known key tunnels which is valid under ethernets.  Correct this so that they both have the same level of indentation, and this should work.


Looking at your screenshot, you don't have any free space on your hard drive, you have ntfs and fat32 partitions. You need to shrink your windows partition, and free up some disk space. Is that definitely a Windows 8 hard drive, I don't see the EFI partition.

Anyway...

Try the instructions on this link instead, they do work.

http://www.everydaylinuxuser.com/2014/05/install-ubuntu-1404-alongside-windows.html


Mono-complete 5.0.1.1 installed - but executes 3.2.7

Mono v5.0.1.1 will not install on a RPi1 running Raspbian jessie.
There are missing command files used in the install scripts. You need to return to mono v3.2.12.

It installs fine on the RPi 3 installs of Raspbian jessie from the same image.


Why is my new user being asked for a sudo password?

The "ubuntu" user on a live CD is configured with a blank (empty) password. Once you have installed ubuntu you will want to then configure sudo.

Please note that many people, myself included, consider making this change to be a security risk (see the rootsudo page for details)

use sudoers to make the chages

sudo visudo

Add in a line at the bottom of the file,

ryan ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL

See Ubuntu wiki rootsudo and man sudoersfor details.

As an alternate, especially over ssh, I simply open a root shell

sudo -i

Yes I still have to enter a root password, but only once. This maintains both security and convenience.

When working over ssh, you might also be interested in screen ;)


This will not fix your issue with compiling, but you might want to install Python 3.6.5 using a PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3.6


How to Switch Between Operating Systems Without Reboot?

Not as I think you mean. The only way to go from a proper "bare metal" install of Ubuntu to a "bare metal" install of Windows is through BIOS.

However, virtualisation might be an option (it is for me). I only have a few Windows applications that I occasionally need for work (Photoshop, Illustrator, Fireworks) that don't work acceptably with with Wine. I use VirtualBox to boot a "virtual" install of Windows. Note this requires quite a powerful machine with plenty of RAM to run really well.

Wine is another option. Wine allows you to run some Windows applications on Ubuntu but the coverage is a lot lower for most applications than a virtualised environment.

If you explain what you're trying to do in Windows, perhaps we can explain the best of those solutions.


Do I have to reinstall Windows security software after installing Ubuntu?

Ubuntu will have it's own partition, nothing will change withing Windows, just that you will notice some hard disk space missing that you assinged to Ubuntu.


Can not remove VirtualBox Guest Additions with "apt-get remove" command

It seems that you have installed VirtualBox Guest Additions from ISO-file. In such case they were installed to the system without help of APT (so apt-get and dpkg will not know about them).

You should run the following command to remove VirtualBox Guest Additions from guest system:

sudo vbox-uninstall-guest-additions

After removal you will not have guest additions folder /opt/VBoxGuestAdditions-*.


Adjusting screen brightness of a Thinkpad-T14 Laptop does not work on a freshly installed Ubuntu (both on 18.04 and 20.04)

I'm not sure if this will solve your problem but I've also been having the same issue. I fixed it today but using the Ubuntu Mainline Kernel Installer to install kernel 5.9.3 which solved my brightness control issues in Ubuntu 20.04.


Installing Ubuntu 13.10 'Saucy Salamander' on L75D-A7280 hangs on a black screen

I can't speak to 13.10 exactly, but I'm running Ubuntu satisfactorily on the same model with 13.04...and a few extra things.

It's not clear from your current edit where the process is failing, but I was able to boot from USB with 13.04.  From there, I installed normally.

I did not immediately get the black screen, but my wifi didn't work while my ethernet did.

To fix the wifi problem, follow the checked answer from my question.

Now, the only two things that're missing as far as I'm aware are the battery drivers and video drivers.

Using the technique described in the link above as well as this to make sure your boot mount isn't clogged, you want to to use at least kernel 3.10.10 to fix the battery issue (this also made most hotkeys work more correctly).

To install the video drivers, follow this answer, BUT FIRST BE SURE TO APPLY THE PATCH IN THE CHECKED ANSWER HERE!!!  I use Catalyst 13.8 BETA, but BETA2 is out; however, BETA2 still requires the patch.

I haven't tried to upgrade to 13.10 myself because I'm running cinnamon, and I'd heard there were many problems, but my guess is that upgrading to 13.10 from 13.04 with only the changes above should be ok.

If not, I'm sure another answer can help with that part (or I'll be back when I have the time to attempt a failed upgrade reinstall).


Kubuntu 14.04 change login animation/splash screen

I sort it out myself... the splash settings window can be opened launching the "ksplash" application typing ALT+F2 and then "ksplash", or searching "ksplash" in the search box of the application menu.


How to hide folders from specific users on ubuntu 20.04 (LTS) using samba

If you were talking about users connecting to a share from another system, I would say add 'access based share enum = yes' to the share, but it sounds like you mean users logging into a computer directly. If this is the case, then blocking users from seeing a directory on a Linux computer has nothing to do with Samba and I do not think you can stop them seeing the other directories.


From the CTAN website, the procedure for installing revtex4-1 in TeXLive 2018 (also works for 4.2) is as follows:
The following method works if you have installed TexLive distributions from the installer, and not from official Ubuntu repositories.

Download the revtex4-2 archive anywhere.

Run this command to unzip the archive in the appropriate place:
sudo unzip revtex4-1-tds.zip -d /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/

Update the TexLive distribution with:
sudo mktexlsr /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local

The following method works if you have installed TexLive distributions from the official Ubuntu repositories.

Download the revtex4-2 archive anywhere.

Run this command to unzip the archive in the appropriate place:
sudo unzip revtex4-1-tds.zip -d /usr/local/share/texmf

Update the TexLive distribution with:
sudo mktexlsr /usr/local/share/texmf

Now, if you open a revtex template in an appropriate editor (kile, texstudio etc.) it should work without a problem.


There is no way to manage the Dash transparency as yet, though you can change the blur. The Dash colour is affected by your wallpaper though, so you may need to change the wallpaper.


YUMI Multi Boot

YUMI will make a Multi Boot USB with multiple persistent files larger than 4GB. Persistent=path is not required.

There is a version for BIOS Boot and a Version for UEFI Boot.

For casper-rw files greater than 4GB start with a NTFS formatted drive.

If my memory is correct, the UEFI version is FAT32 only and does not work for large casper-rw files.

https://www.pendrivelinux.com/yumi-multiboot-usb-creator/

See also: Casper-rw files larger than 4GB - please confirm

Multi Boot Full Install USB BIOS/UEFI

Now days USB flash drives are getting large and saving room booting squash file systems and ISO's is not so important.

Mkusb makes a great base for custom Multi Boot USBs. The following shows how to make a Full install USB, that boots both BIOS and UEFI and then further modify it as a Multi Booter, (that even boots ISOs using grub2).

Use mkusb to make a Live system on the Installer USB (2GB or larger).
Use mkusb to make a Persistent system on the Target USB using default settings with >25GB persistence, (remaining NTFS partition is used as Windows accessible data partition). Select upefi to insure grub 2.02 for ISO booting.

As soon as mkusb finishes, open GParted and delete sdx4, the ISO9660 partition and expand sdx5 into the recovered space, sdx being the device name of the Target drive.

Unplug or remove HDD before proceeding further, (optional but highly recommended in UEFI mode).
Boot Installer drive, select Try.
Insert Target drive

Start Install Ubuntu...

Select Something else.
Select sdx5, (on the target drive), and click Change.

Select Use as: ext4, Format and Mount point: /.

Don't touch any other partitions (unless adding a /home partition).

Select sdx5 as Device for boot loader installation.
Complete installation.
Cut grub.cfg from sdx5/boot/grub and paste to sdx3/boot/grub, overwriting the existing grub.cfg file.
Boot the target drive and run sudo update-grub to add all drives to boot menu.

Multi Boot

Multiple OS, both Full install and Live/Persistent can be added to the USB.

Create a drive as suggested above, then divide the expanded partition into parts, (sdx5, sdx6, sdx7... in this case).

You can then install Ubuntu on one partition and other OS on the other partition(s).

Divide sdx5 into as many ext4 partitions as you have OS. Size should be about 8GB each or larger.
Boot Live mkusb installer and insert the target drive.
At partitioning selected "Something else".
Choose sdx5 for /.
Install bootloader to sdx5.
Leave all other partition's format boxes unchecked.
Repeat this with sdx6, sdx7, etc, and the OS's you choose to install.
After the last install cut grub.cfg from sdx6/boot/grub and paste to sdx3/boot/grub, overwriting the existing grub.cfg file.
Boot the flash drive and do an update-grub. This will add all the OS to grub.

You can add a few OS ISO's if you wish:

Create a folder in the NTFS partition sdx1 named isos.
Add a few ISO's.
Edit sdx3/boot/grub adding menuentries similar to the following:

menuentry "xubuntu-18.04.1-desktop-amd64 Partition 6" {
 set isofile="/isos/xubuntu-18.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso"
 set root='(/dev/sdx,msdos2)'
 search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root XXXX-XXXX
 loopback loop ($root)$isofile
 linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile noprompt noeject
 initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
}

Substitute your sixth, (seventh and eighth), partition's UUID for XXXX-XXXX
vmlinuz may need to be vmlinuz.efi for some versions.
Each ISO can have it's own casper-rw and home-rw persistence files if desired, but it starts to get a little more complicated as you need to add the "persistent-path" to each menuentry.

If ISO booting is anticipated use pre 19.10 grub 2.02 as grub 2.04 is not working for booting ISO's


Why is a VYM (View Your Mind) file considered an archive?

There are file formats that actually are just archived XML files or something similar.

We can see here that this is exactly the case with VYM format.

I'm not using GNOME desktop but I guess you should right-click the file, find an "Open With" item and point it to the VYM application. Don't forget to save the format association.


Is there a way to determine what packages were installed on a particular date, say yesterday for example?

You can use the 'history' feature of the Software Centre:

There is also a log file (/var/log/dpkg.log). You can view the changes made on a certain date by running:

cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep 2010-11-05

(replace 2010-11-05 with the date you are querying.)


Reinstall by following Command:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall light-themes

When searched by  apt-cache search ambiance:

light-themes - Light Themes (Ambiance and Radiance)
ubuntu-ui-toolkit-theme - Qt Components for Ubuntu - Ubuntu Theme
focuswriter - Fullscreen distraction-free writing program
themecolorizer - Application for recoloring themes

This will help to install/remove packages related to themes.


error: No such schema 'com.canonical.desktop.interface'

The solution you are trying to do is suitable for Ubuntu versions 12.10 and not for 12.04 LTS.

If you would like to have the old scroll bar in Ubuntu 12.04 then you can do it by installing Ubuntu tweak. Here is the way to do it.

open your terminal with CTRL+ALT+T then type as

wget https://launchpadlibrarian.net/126356445/ubuntu-tweak_0.8.3-1%7Eprecise1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i ubuntu-tweak_0.8.3-1%7Eprecise1_all.deb

It will installs Ubuntu Tweak in your system. Then open it and click at tweaks TAB and there you can find your desired option.

Look at the image for more clarification,


64bit is recommended because most (probably all) systems sold today as servers are 64bit and have much more than 4GB of RAM, making 64bit necessary.   If you're talking about normal 5 year old PC hardware though, I really doubt it's 64bit with 8GB of RAM, so go for 32bit.

I would just install openssh-server and use that to handle both SSH and SFTP (and by extension SSHFS, which lets you have a networked filesystem).

SSHFS howto here:  https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SSHFS

Apache2 or lighttpd for web hosting, depending what you want.  Apache2 is pretty easy to get going.  Just install it, and put your index.html or index.php (or whatever) in /var/www/  If you SFTP things to /var/www/stuff/ then others can download them from their web browser instead of needing to know how to use SFTP too.


8 GB RAM on 64 bit processor using 32 bit Ubuntu

You need to use the PAE Linux kernel. The installer should be able to select the PAE kernel for you. Make sure that when you install, there is Internet connectivity, so that you get the PAE kernel from the start. If in doubt, you can install using the DVD ISO of Ubuntu (which definitely has the PAE kernel). For more on PAE, see Enabling PAE.


How to Get Taskbar Size and Position with Python

I would like to figure out a way to get the monitor resolution minus the taskbar without any user interaction and preferably in a way that doesn't interfere with the visual interface.

This is what has been asked and I will be focusing on that through out this answer based on what I've found. Getting taskbar size and position was an original idea, but as has been discussed in the comments, this will be difficult to implement without knowing lots of information - which panel or dock is running, do they have  _NET_WM_STRUT property set, do they expose that information via GSettings database or other methods. I am certain it is not impossible, but is rather difficult.

NET_WORKAREA property

According to specifications for the root window, _NET_WORKAREA is defined as so:

  _NET_WORKAREA, x, y, width, height CARDINAL/32

  This property MUST be set by the Window Manager upon calculating the work area for each desktop. Contains a geometry for each desktop. These geometries are specified relative to the viewport on each desktop and specify an area that is completely contained within the viewport. Work area SHOULD be used by desktop applications to place desktop icons appropriately.

  The Window Manager SHOULD calculate this space by taking the current page minus space occupied by dock and panel windows, as indicated by the _NET_WM_STRUT or _NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL properties set on client windows.

There's a few points to note:

A window manager that is compliant with these specifications must set this property, so on desktop environments like XFCE, Budgie, Unity, GNOME, KDE - that is in any official Ubuntu flavor that doesn't use any experimental window manager will have this property set; in other words, this will work on supported desktops
This calculates available width and height, but also where offsets begin relative to leftmost corner of the whole display (in case of dual screen, your left-most screen's top left corner will be the the starting point)
The _NET_WM_STRUT or _NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL are properties that are set by docks and panels. This means, that if the panel or dock don't set it, they will basically behave like a normal window that just sits above all the others ( and making the users potentially annoyed1 ). That said, this is good enough for us. I've tested this property on Cinnamon, LXQt, and XFCE on top of Ubuntu 18.04. In all instances, the docks and panels properly informed the window manager of their strut area. That means, _NET_WORKAREA will work for you in 99% of the cases.

This property can be queried in shell via xprop utility over the root window.

$ xprop -root _NET_WORKAREA
_NET_WORKAREA(CARDINAL) = 0, 32, 3120, 974, 0, 32, 3120, 974

That's the output with my dual monitor setup, with two monitors aligned along the top, a dock and top panel. If you notice only the first four values are significant, and the other four are repeated. Of particular interest is 3120 and 974. That's the value we're interested in.  The first two tell us where the desktop's left most corner starts. My top panel takes up 32 points, hence desktop's left most corner starts all the way on the left, with offset downward 32 points. Offset from the bottom usually doesn't matter for windows - they'll fill the workarea that's available.

If I put the dock on the right side of the primary monitor, you will notice that width has decreased, but height has:

$ xprop -root _NET_WORKAREA
_NET_WORKAREA(CARDINAL) = 0, 32, 3059, 1018, 0, 32, 3059, 1018

The change in height is 44 points. Add another 32 (the size of top panel window) to that, and you'll get 1050 exactly the geometry of my desktop (note the 3120 from before when there was no dock to the size, so full desktop width was being used ):

$ xprop -root _NET_DESKTOP_GEOMETRY
_NET_DESKTOP_GEOMETRY(CARDINAL) = 3120, 1050

Python and xprop

The xprop command above comes with most desktops, and belongs to x11-utils package, so if you're targeting major Debian-based systems, you should have it available at most times. What I would do is use Python's subprocess, and utilize either subprocess.check_output() or subprocess.run() command and parse the output via re module.

>>> import re,subprocess
>>> out = subprocess.check_output(['xprop','-root','_NET_WORKAREA'])
>>> workarea_tokens = re.split('=|,',out.decode())
>>> workarea_tokens[1:5]
[' 0', ' 32', ' 3059', ' 1018']

Python and Gdk

Alternative ( and usually my preferred way ) would be to utilize Gdk library which is closely related to other GNOME project libraries. If you are developing a desktop application using Gtk,  you already have the necessary tools available,  so why not use them ? The tricky part is that you have to calculate workarea for each individual monitor.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import gi
gi.require_version('Gtk','3.0')
gi.require_version('Gdk','3.0')
from gi.repository import Gdk,Gtk,GdkX11

display = Gdk.Display().get_default()
for i in range(display.get_n_monitors()):
    monitor = display.get_monitor(i)
    w_area  = monitor.get_workarea()
    print(w_area.x, w_area.y,
          w_area.width, w_area.height)

The result of this program:

$ python3  display_area.py
1440 32 1619 1018
0 0 1440 900
# width of two monitors with dock on right adds up to _NET_WORKAREA
$ echo $((1619+1440))
3059
$ xprop -root _NET_WORKAREA
_NET_WORKAREA(CARDINAL) = 0, 32, 3059, 1018, 0, 32, 3059, 1018

Issues

Now, remember I've mentioned I have dual monitors ? Such setup opens whole lot of possibilities, but also reveals certain odd behaviors.

# added xfce4-panel at the bottom of second screen, no change in height - 900
$ python3 display_area.py ; xprop -root _NET_WORKAREA
1440 32 1619 1018
0 0 1440 900
_NET_WORKAREA(CARDINAL) = 526, 32, 2533, 1018, 526, 32, 2533, 1018
# stopped xfce4-panel process, same height - 900
$ python3 display_area.py ; xprop -root _NET_WORKAREA
1440 32 1619 1018
0 0 1440 900
_NET_WORKAREA(CARDINAL) = 0, 32, 3059, 1018, 0, 32, 3059, 1018
# added xfce4-panel to the top of second monitor
$ python3 display_area.py ; xprop -root _NET_WORKAREA
1440 49 1619 1001
0 0 1440 900
_NET_WORKAREA(CARDINAL) = 0, 49, 3059, 1001, 0, 49, 3059, 1001

Remember that I have a panel and a dock on one screen, and added for tests xfce4-panel on the other screen. The buggy results with Gdk is that second monitor work area did not get changed. xprop also reported erroneous numbers - in the first output 526 points of offset from the left were simply not true. In the last output, however, the vertical offset increased, which was the good thing - the extra width added by xfce4-panel should be added to the total, and probably what helps is that my two monitors are aligned at the top.

In other words, if your application is planning on determining the area without docks and panels, these methods will work best with single monitor setup. In dual monitor setup - results could potentially be inconsistent. Note that I am using Metacity Window Manager, and the bugginess could be attributed to that. However, I don't have a way to test other WM with dual monitor setup at the moment,so I'll leave this section as inconclusive.

TODO ( someday )

libx11 example in C or Python
dual monitor testing with alternative window manager
find dock and panel locations

Footnotes

1 Feature not documented, depends on user's amount of patience.


Add a new palette/swatch .gpl file to Inkscape when installed as a snap

I had to put it in ~/snap/inkscape/4693/palettes/ directory. The number 4693 may be different for you, you'll have to change accordingly.


Thunderbird keeps sleeping in the processes of Ubuntu

Since you already have gnome-shell-integration in TB, I think that you do not need Mail notification in start-up applications. Please try to remove it from there (do not un-install it), re-boot and check to see that:

if you start-up TB you do not have same message
if you start TB and you receive new email, you get notification (in the bottom if you use gnome like I do or in the top with the blue icon if you use unity).

Then if both of the above are OK, then you can uninstall mail notification.

Hope it helps!


In Ubuntu 16.04 wired connection losing the Internet after a while and need to reconnect

From the comments...

Problem still exists when booting from a Ubuntu 16.04 Live USB. Try booting to a Ubuntu 19.04 Live USB and see if the problem is solved.

Check your BIOS version...

sudo dmidecode -s bios-version

It should be version 9SKT9CA.

If not, go to https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds029265 and download one of the updaters and apply.

Update #1:

User reports BIOS is 9SKT9CAUS

Update #2:

User reports that the problem is solved when booted to a Ubuntu Live 18.04 USB, but wishes to stay with 16.04.

Update #3:

User decided to upgrade to 18.04 anyway, and the problem is solved.


How can i remove firefox user data folder from ubuntu 13.04?

You need to first delete your firefox user data folder , using following command in Terminal , you can able delete firefox user data folder:

  rm -rf ~/.mozilla/firefox/.default

Where  is the name of your profile that firefox generates random.


How can I import a database using command line?

I believe the format is:

mysql -u username -p database_name < /path/to/file.sql

From within mysql:

mysql> use db_name;
mysql> source backup-file.sql;


My fresh windows installation came with four pre-installed partitions. How can I dual-boot ubuntu and windows?

So you have 4 partitions and all of them are primary so you can't create an extended partition, right?

I think, apart from a second HDD, the only option would be to find a partition you can sacrifice in order to free up an entry for the extended partition (or install a second hard drive, it it's possible)

One option would be to completely remove the recovery partition and then shrink the /dev/sda2 partition - Windows should continue to work but you won't be able to re-install it if it suddenly stops.

Another option is to remove the /dev/sda2 partition (provided you don't have anything valuable there), create an extended partition in its place, create an ntfs partition inside of the extended partition and check if the recovery thingie is able to install to that. If it fails you should be able to delete the extended partition and re-create the primary one.

Regarding your question of Windows an Ubuntu "sharing" an extended partition - this is totally possible, actually nothing is really "shared" in this case.

One thing to consider before doing anything is creating a per-sector disk image dump - this may take a while but you may be able to restore partitions in case things go bad.

The best option, IMO, is wiping all this windows stuff and going Ubuntu-only :)


Can you please try the following steps before running the ubuntu installer:

If you have a instance of windows 8/10 running disable the Windows
Fast boot.look at the below link for instructions on disabling fast
boot:

http://acer-in.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/37059/~/windows-10%3A-enable-or-disable-fast-startup
In the bios setting disable secure boot.

Try to re run the ubuntu installation procedure after making the above suggest changes.


Where can I find the Unicode Emoticon set?

Noto Color Emoji from google.com/get/noto/#emoji-qaae-color is only usable in Android. On Windows, that font will not install (it is considered broken.invalid), because the Windows text renderers do not support colors in fonts.
To display those colorful emojis, you'll need a plugin in your browser that will substitute SVG images (if the browser supports SVG), otherwise a scaled down bitmap (scaled bitmaps can be rescaled in HTML with simple CSS, on browsers that support zoom in CSS, or geometric transforms in the Canvas, so that the image will render at the expected font-size).

However I have no problem at all displaying all emojis listed in the Unicode charts on Wikipedia with my browser (Chrome on Windows 10).

But it's true that I have installed the FULL Noto font collection (except the Color Emojis font that Windows does not want), and even made it the default in my browser (because it has coherent metrics across all scripts) and supports almost all of them, many with various styles, and most of them are well hinted.

"Noto" is a fabulous collection of free fonts (with a free licence). Its development continues as Google wants it for Android in all languages of the world. Things are regularly updated to fix minor quirks. It is intended to cover all characters standardized in the Unicode/ISO 10646 repertoire.

"Robo" was an initial "fast" fallback collection created with less care but that provided missing characters for the huge ideographic scripts. But its design was not so careful. Progressively, characters are integrated to Noto and removed from the Robo collection. Also Robo exists in only one style (for other styles such as bold and italic, the text renderer of the browser will synthesize them, notably in Chrome, but italics may be too much slanted, and strokes may collide ungracefully in complex scripts with many strokes such as sinograms: there's no such problem with Noto that even provides 6 font-weights for CJK sinograms). So, use it only as a fallback for those that have old versions of Noto in CSS like as following: font-family:Noto,Robo,sans-serif;

That's all what is needed (you don't need more fonts, the last fallback to sans-serif allows getting access to some OS-specific fonts that would be present for implementing characters not found in Noto and not even in early versions of Robo when using early versions of Noto).

I really love Noto. Thanks to Google for making it fully open-sourced (and to all those that have contributed to extend it and fix quirks in complex scripts). It's definitely a huge improvement compared to what Microsoft did in the past (but only for Windows, and still with many mis-matching across world scripts).


Basically you have two options that will depend on the Ubuntu version you're using (or plan to use).

Before 14.04 (Qt version are 5.0.x)

The only way to open a file dialog window is to use some C++ code.
You'll have to expose a method that is a public slot to access it from your QML application.

Visit the following links to get a template to start with:

Exposing Attributes of C++ Types to QML
Embedding C++ Objects into QML with Context Properties

Then your public slot can call the following QFileDialog function: getOpenFileName()

QString GuiEngine::GetCSVFileName(void)
{
    QString prompt = "Open File";

    return QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(NULL, \
                                        prompt, \
                                        "report.csv", \
                                        tr("CSV files (*.csv)"), \
                                        NULL, \
                                        QFileDialog::DontUseNativeDialog);
}

Note: it will only work with the QFileDialog::DontUseNativeDialog option
as native rendering creates a ghost window in addition to the File dialog (See bug #1214914)

It will create a window like the one below:

14.04 (Qt version 5.2.1)

In that case, implementing a FileDialog is much more easy to do as there's no need to write C++ code.

Here is a minimal example to open a file dialog and exit after the user chooses a file:

import QtQuick 2.1
import QtQuick.Dialogs 1.0

FileDialog {
    id: fileDialog
    title: "Please choose a file"
    onAccepted: {
        console.log("You chose: " + fileDialog.fileUrls)
        Qt.quit()
    }
    onRejected: {
        console.log("Canceled")
        Qt.quit()
    }
    Component.onCompleted: visible = true
}


I've just checked that It's not a size problem. It's a time problem, using a faster connection, I achieved to upload the 90Mb File, but when I tried to upload a 220Mb file, I've had the same problem as with the slower connection.

It seems that the server waits for a time to receive the full PUT request, after that, your upload doesn't make sense :(


Remove ppa from previous Ubuntu versions

Don't know if this is the right way to do this, but it works for me.
N.B.: I only had raring ppa

$>sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*-raring.list


How can I install Ubuntu on a Compaq DC7900?

I am having the same problem with my HP DC7900 SFF with E8400 processor.
Download Ubuntu 13.10 64bit and write to USB stick. Boot PC from USB stick and install Ubuntu to Hard Drive.
Reboot PC and it freezes early in the boot process with black screen and flashing cursor.

I have managed to do the following to install Ubuntu 13.10 32 bit (haven't tried this yet with 64 bit, so still not sure exactly where the issue is):
Install Ubuntu 10.04 32 bit from a CD
Update using Software Updater via web to 12.04
Update using Software Updater via web to 12.10
Update using Software Updater via web to 13.04
Update using Software Updater via web to 13.10

Everything seems to work, but have not done many tests yet. Also it is only the 32 bit version. I hope to try installing the 64 bit version from CD tomorrow, possibly by repeating the above process to see at which point it fails (hopefully it will not fail).

Looks like the solution was much simpler:
Install Ubuntu 13.10 64 bit from a USB stick - fails to boot.
Install Ubuntu 13.10 64 bit from a DVD - works fine.

Looks like a problem installing 13.04 from USB. I used Universal USB Installer V1.9.4.4 to prepare the USB stick.


Qualcomm QCA6174 - Wifi Unstable - Dell XPS 13 9380 - Ubuntu 20.04 Focal

I too had wifi issues with the same laptop on ubuntu 18.04. I did not install 20.04 but the problem was the same as yours. It only occurred with my router at home.
After a lot of mails and phone calls with Dell I understood they could not do anything about it. They should have not sold this device with ubuntu in the first place.
Simple solution for me was to change my router. Problem partly solved as I might have this problem somewhere else at some point. I will search a bit more before buying a notebook with Ubuntu preinstalled next time.


If I install a self-compiled package using dpkg, will it get clobbered by unattended-upgrades?

You can always freeze the package version by

sudo apt-mark hold nginx-common nginx-full

These packages will not be updated.


Using Ubuntu at the moment. Not a fan so tried to install Windows 8.1 no luck so far

You cannot format a drive / partition that is in use, so you will need to boot your system from a live disc or usb and format the drive from there.

You can use an Ubuntu live disc and Gparted to format the drive as NTFS.

If you do not have one already, download Ubuntu and use Start up disc creator which is already installed on your Ubuntu system to create a live / install disc.

Next boot your computer using the live install disc you created, select Try Ubuntu and when you reach the desktop search the dash to find and open Gparted, then you can format & partition the drive as you wish.


This is a known packaging 11.10 bug for the bindfs package that remains unresolved.

Workaround 1. Dummy fuse package

Note that this requires a bit of fiddling, and the link below is in German. However, it does not suffer from the drawbacks of the second workaround. (Thanks to bmhm for this solution. If you can translate the link, feel free to edit this answer and include the translation here.)

  [This workaround] will not interfere with any other packages. A quick and clean solution is to install a virtual package "fuse", which depends on fuse-utils.

  Check my blog on how to create such a package:
  http://blog.bmarwell.de/2012/01/10/ubuntu-bindfs-mit-abhangigkeit-von-fuse-installieren/
  (the first grey box contains the control file content)

Workaround 2. Alternate version of bindfs

You will need to find and install a version of bindfs that does not depend on fuse. For example, a .deb from a trusted source. However, it will not automatically upgrade should a new version come along. Two packages that seem trustworthy have been added to the comment of the original bug:

32-bit version
64-bit versions

Download the one that matches your system and double-click it. It will open in Software Centre. Install it. bindfs will now work. (It will also appear greyed out in Update Manager from this point forward. A small price to pay IMHO :) )

Choosing a workaround

Workaround 1 requires more work, but will be upgraded if a solution is ever made. Workaround 2 requires less work, but will not be upgraded. If you pick workaround 2, you could subscribe to the bug on Launchpad, and you will be notified if it is closed.

This issue appears to be resolved in 12.04 LTS (tested in Beta 1). I'm not sure how either workaround will fare when upgrading to 12.04. Be prepared to purge and reinstall bindfs.


Ubuntu for Windows 10: All files are own by root and I cannot change it

This is now already fixed via mount "metadata" option. All you need do is add a file /etc/wsl.conf (if it does not exist) and add this content to it.

[automount]
enabled = true
options = "metadata"
mountFsTab = false

You would need to restart windows for it to take effect. Further details can be found on the same issue but most recent comment https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/81#issuecomment-400597679


I have one in Belgium.  It runs out of the box and I bought it from bq.com.  Hope this helps.


I am trying to migrate from Lubuntu 19.0.4 disco to 20.0.4 focal via 19.10 but keep hitting wall, xvfb & python3-psutil dependencies?

you can try sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade and see if that works


/boot/grub/device.map is missing on Ubuntu 14.04

The device map is not installed by default with grub2.  You can create a device map by typing the following into your console:

sudo grub-mkdevicemap

This will put device.map into the /boot/grub directory.


How to fix a "/usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.15' not found" error?

have you tried adding the /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable?

I did and worked.
Let me know if this helps.


How can I make Gimp look more like Photoshop

Although I wouldn't do it (Gimp is Gimp and Photoshop is Photoshop), looking around I found this:

...which actually did the job quite nicely imo.
How to apply

Download the zip file from here (press the green button "Clone or download")
Unzip the downloaded folder, make a backup of ~/.gimp-2.8 (~ stands for your home folder, ~/.gimp-2.8 is a hidden folder by default, press Ctrl+H in nautilus to make it visible).
Remove "themes" from the original ~/.gimp-2.8 folder and drag the content of the unzipped folder into the original ~/.gimp-2.8 folder.

Done, now on restarting Gimp, it will look like above.
To undo, simply restore the backup of the ~/.gimp-2.8 folder.


cron pipe to file relative path not working

You need && instead of &.

Explanation:

  If a command is terminated by the control operator &, the shell executes the command in the background in a subshell. (man bash)

& will send the command (cd ~/bot-v2)  to background and it will run in a subshell, so for the next command date >> relative/path/to/file you are not changing directories at all.

Try cd ~/bot-v2 & in terminal  and you will see that your current shell won't change directories.

See also:

What does the & mean when used in the end of a bash script?
Differences between "<command> & disown" and "nohup <command> & disown"
What is the purpose of “&&” in a shell command?


some ubuntu steam games use more RAM than windows version

As a complementary answer in GameDev about porting a steam game to Linux, it could depend on many factors. Here are the comparison:

We can see that on Linux is double the amount of memory. Apart from reasons mentioned in the link about compilers, libraries and more, from the Steam and Game developer perspective, they want to make sure that the game runs perfect on said platform. This means that the requirements could be lower or higher when compared to Windows or Mac. In most cases, the requirements are the same (Like in Wasteland 2) or could be double like this game or even Borderlands: The Prequel. It depends at the end of several important factors:

Does the game have a native or developed engine on Linux (This has a big influence on hardware requirements)
Is the game/engine optimized for Linux (Think of it of Wasteland 2 on Linux 32-Bit versus Wasteland 2 Patch 2 on Linux 32-Bit. Basically 2x betters performance). This also includes less overhead, less memory/cpu usages, less I/O and more.
Does it use the correct libraries or library versions. This also includes video drivers, audio drivers, controllers and more.

With time, some games tend to have less hardware requirements after the developers have had more time to work on it. For example the Valve Engines games at the beginning had a huge memory requirement. After several months of optimization, they got to a level similar to Windows with a better overall performance.

Also notice that this are Minimum and Recommended hardware requirements added by Steam. I am pretty sure Windows users do not need 4 GB as a recommended amount of memory, nor do they need an Nvidia 8600 as a Minimum. Some users might have a great experience using lower requirements while others might actually need the Recommended for a "minimum" experience.

Additionally, don't be surprise if in a couple of months you see this same game with the same hardware requirements as Windows. Remember that between some Ubuntu developers helping out with Steam, the steam developers working on Linux to improve performance and the road that will lead gamers to Linux, and game development companies seeing Linux as an option, better requirements, more optimizations and more games will start to appear on this platform.

Don't know if anybody played Gothic 3 without any updates, or far cry without any updates. Then after applying all updates we were talking about a whole new game that actually worked. Well the same principal applies here.


Make a script start after suspend in Ubuntu 15.04 (systemd)

There are two approaches to choose from:

Using the /lib/systemd/system-sleep/ directory:

Create another script called 00start_my_connection:

#!/bin/sh
if [ $1 = post ] && [ $2 = suspend ]
then /usr/local/bin/start_my_connection
fi

$1 is "post" on resume/thaw and "pre" otherwise. In either case, $2 contains either "suspend", "hibernate", or "hybrid-sleep".  If you want the script to also run on thaw from hibernation, leave out && [ $2 = suspend ].

Ensure this script is executable by using chmod a+x 00start_my_connection

Move this script into /lib/systemd/system-sleep/ using

sudo mv 00start_my_connection /lib/systemd/system-sleep/

Using service files:

Create the file /etc/systemd/system/start_my_connection.service:

[Unit]
Description=Run start_my_connection
After=suspend.target
#After=hibernate.target
#After=hybrid-sleep.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/start_my_connection

[Install]
WantedBy=suspend.target
#WantedBy=hibernate.target
#WantedBy=hybrid-sleep.target

Uncomment all lines if you also want the script to run on thaw from hibernation.  Then install the service file with:

sudo systemctl enable start_my_connection.service


Wget command : can't use -b and -P together

Test your download with a known directory and filename first.

For example:

$ wget -b -P Downloads http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.14/linux-headers-4.14.0-041400_4.14.0-041400.201711122031_all.deb
Continuing in background, pid 11795.
Output will be written to ‘wget-log’.

This assumes your current directory is /home/YOUR_NAME and the subdirectory Downloads exists under it.

Check the log file /home/YOUR_NAME/wget-log for status messages.

After you know it works, then start experimenting with different folder names and web addresses. In your example /home/YOUR_NAME/folder1/folder2 does not exist or the file you are trying to download doesn't exist.

Edit August 11, 2018

OP is getting this error:

  HTTP request sent, awaiting response... Read error (Connection reset
  by peer) in headers. Retrying.

Similar problem can be found here: wget gets Read error (Connection reset by peer) in headers.

The accept answer is to add the parameters --auth-no-challenge --force-directories to the end of the wget command:

$ wget -b -P Downloads http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.14/linux-headers-4.14.0-041400_4.14.0-041400.201711122031_all.deb --auth-no-challenge --force-directories
Continuing in background, pid 2176.
Output will be written to ‘wget-log.2’.


Broadcom Corporation BCM43225 802.11b/g/n (rev 01) doesn't support monitor mode on Linux.


How do I tell GRUB to ignore other bootloaders?

This functionality of GRUB is called the OS Prober.

There are a couple options you can try:

Edit /etc/default/grub and find this line, set it to true:

GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true

Or you can change the os-prober file so that it isn't used:

sudo chmod a-x /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober

Both methods from this thread:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1529799


The problem seems to be that gnome terminal does not load ~/.profile on startup, and there is where NVM is added to the path. You have two choices:

Go to "Edit" -> "Profile Preferences" in terminal and activate "Run command as a login shell". Then close and open again the terminal.

Add this at the end of ~/.bashrc:

[[ -s /home/$USER/.nvm/nvm.sh ]] && . /home/$USER/.nvm/nvm.sh


I had the exact same problem, but in my case it was caused by the virtuoso-nepomuk script.

Instead of removing bind9 and apache, I would suggest just moving their scripts out of the /etc/init.d directory.  That should allow the process to complete, then you can do an apt-get install --reinstall ... on those packages after you're done updating to get their startup reconfigured properly.


Removing Numix icon package from Ubuntu 15.10

To remove the icons just run

sudo apt-get purge numix-icon-theme

If you want to remove the PPA they came from too

sudo apt-add-repository -r ppa:numix/ppa


whenever you need to use nvidia card open terminal and use

optirun %command%

where %command% is the program you want to run with nvidia GPU.
For example

optirun google-chrome-stable

To confirm if drivers are working, run

glxspheres64

followed by

optirun glxspheres64

and see the difference in fps.

P.S if you are using 32-bit system, use "glxspheres" instead of "glxspheres64"


How to change the position of extension icons in Chromium 47?

You can resize the extension icon bar.

Move the mouse cursor at the end of the url bar until it changes to a double arrow cursor, then click and slide the cursor to the left.

One problem is that you will end up with a very tiny url bar. So this might not be a solution for you.


sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pipelight/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends pipelight-multi
sudo pipelight-plugin --update

then

sudo pipelight-plugin --enable unity3d

then

go to firefox
open menu-addons-plugins-unity player
click always activate

Done!


Can I reinstall Windows 7 without touching my existing dual boot Ubuntu installation?

Point to note: By dual boot you meant Ubuntu not installed by wubi.

Install windows 7 as usual in the same drive as it is now. It will replace the GRUB and ubuntu will not be bootable. But ubuntu isn't deleted. You can recover it using a simple tool boot-repair without complicated commands.

Boot using ubuntu disk after installation of windows 7.

Use boot-repair to perform a Recomemnded Repair . Instructions are here


18.04: How to get Wayland back after upgrade to 18.04?

On the login screen, you should be able to select "Ubuntu on Wayland" by clicking on the settings icon, next to the login button.

If that option is not available under the cog icon on the password screen, make sure that WaylandEnable=false is commented out (or not present) in /etc/gdm3/custom.conf

Mine looks like this:

# GDM configuration storage
#
# See /usr/share/gdm/gdm.schemas for a list of available options.

[daemon]
# Uncoment the line below to force the login screen to use Xorg
#  WaylandEnable=false

# Enabling automatic login
#  AutomaticLoginEnable = true
#  AutomaticLogin = user1

# Enabling timed login
#  TimedLoginEnable = true
#  TimedLogin = user1
#  TimedLoginDelay = 10

[security]

[xdmcp]

[chooser]

[debug]
# Uncomment the line below to turn on debugging
# More verbose logs
# Additionally lets the X server dump core if it crashes
Enable=true

If you cannot log in to change this, start Ubuntu into recovery mode, go into root shell, and mount root partition as read/write: How do I boot into recovery mode?

From there edit the GDM config with nano /etc/gdm3/custom.conf and comment out the WaylandEnable line: #WaylandEnable=false


how to disable right click on desktop in gnome flashback but not in applications?

No. Desktop / icons are provided by nautilus and from what I know there is no such setting. I guess your only option is to disable desktop window, but then you will lose icons on it.


Finding file name οf currently open file in vi on terminal

To see the filename in vi(m) press esc and then type

:set title

The filename appears in the top bar of the terminal window. You can also do

:buffers

to see the file(s) currently open - the information is displayed inside the terminal at the bottom. If you have multiple files open, you can tell which one you are in as %a  is shown beside the current file, for example

:buffers
  1 %a=   "unicorns"      line 19
  2       "rainbows"      line 1
Press ENTER or type command to continue


Apparently, you wanted to mount the shared folder which was in the windows server. As a result, you got an error of user privileges, that was because you forgot to set the password of the windows server. Mounting the windows machine from Ubuntu requires you to set both user && pass of the windows server. You just need to use your windows server login details.


Try to update your PATH:

export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/hdf5"

Additionally, you can change PATH in your ~/.profile:

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="/usr/local/hdf5:$HOME/bin:$PATH" #this line
fi

This is just a guess; hope to be helpful.


Random pieces of text pasted in code files

It seems that the problem was the mouse wheel, that I accidentally pressed sometimes.
For turning this off, see How do I disable middle mouse button click paste?


apt-get update error using automatic proxy configuration

apt-get does not use the global proxy settings. Try adding the proxy settings to /etc/apt/apt.conf:

Acquire::http::proxy "http://<your-proxy-url>";

Or just run the following commands in terminal:

sudo su
echo 'Acquire::http::proxy "http://<your-proxy-url>";' >> /etc/apt/apt.conf


Ubuntu 18.04-Replace default screen lock behavior with custom shell script

Figured it out, more or less:
First, I turned off all default screensaver behavior in System Settings > Screensaver Preferences by unchecking "Activate screensaver when computer is idle" and "Lock screen when screensaver is active". This means Ubuntu will still throw an IdleHint event for lock/unlock, but the system will not do anything when that happens, allowing my custom script to handle screensaver/lock behavior itself.
I then added this script as a startup script under Startup Applications:
#use gdbus monitor to listen for idle hints from the current session
gdbus monitor -y -d org.freedesktop.login1 --object-path /org/freedesktop/login1 |
( while true
  do read X
  if grep -q "<true>" <<< "$X"; then
    # run custom screensaver behavior on screen lock
    bash /home/tom/.screensaver/screensaver.sh
  elif grep -q "<false>" <<< "$X"; then
    # run any custom unlock behavior, if necessary
  fi
done )


Node enlisting fails when using ssl on MaaS

I worked out a process where I unsquashfs the daily "squashfs", chroot into the directory, add my CA certificate, jump out of the chroot, mksquashfs the newly edited directory, then finally copy the "updated" squashfs to the correct boot-resource location in MAAS.

Example:

mkdir scratch
cd scratch
cp /var/lib/maas/boot-resources/current/ubuntu/amd64/generic/xenial/daily/squashfs ./
unsquashfs squashfs
chroot squashfs-root

add your certificate to the correct place for ubuntu

update-ca-certificates
exit
mksquashfs squashfs-root/ squashfs
cp squashfs /var/lib/maas/boot-resources/current/ubuntu/amd64/generic/xenial/daily/


Missing Operating System - Windows7 - Boot from USB

You can try with mkusb version 12. Install mkusb according to this link,

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb

If you run standard Ubuntu, you need an extra instruction to get the repository Universe. (Kubuntu, Lubuntu ... Xubuntu have the repository Universe activated automatically.)

sudo add-apt-repository universe  # only for standard Ubuntu

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mkusb/ppa  # and press Enter
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mkusb mkusb-nox usb-pack-efi

See the detailed information at this link, describing how to create a drive to install Windows,

mkusb - Windows USB install drive


Every time I get an update that says "Ubuntu Base" I lose graphics, and have to reinstall the driver. Is there a fix?

Check that you have installed the package called dkms. After that, when you run the nvidia installer, it will ask you whether you want to register with DKMS. Tell it to do so.

Next time when a kernel update happens, it will recompile the shim code automatically.

The only thing you need to watch out for are MESA updates. Those tend to clobber the OpenGL setup. It's fixed by re-running the installer. I'm currently waiting to see if step no. 10 of this tutorial fixes the problem permanently. I don't care about MESA, I do not intend to run the open-source driver anyway.