tls-remote workaround for openvpn on Ubuntu 17.10

The new configuration option to use is verify-x509-name it appears to expect a comma and space separated list for your Distinguished Name (DN):

verify-x509-name 'C=de, L=SomeTown, O=Something, CN=asg.myserver.de, emailAddress=administrator@myserver.de'

This information is from the OpenVPN man page for 2.4, in the TLS Mode Options section. The example there only uses the C, ST, L and CN parts to make up the DN, but it looks like it should work with other DN components


How to make gnome-do recognize a specific application

Do knows applications by their .desktop file. It searches the standard desktop file paths - /usr/share/applications and ~/.local/share/applications are generally the two main ones, but there are others. In order to get an application to appear in Do it needs a .desktop file somewhere in the standard desktop paths.

It turns out that this answer is about how to create a .desktop file for matlab. :)


Wi-Fi very slow at 15.04 with card Centrino Wireless-N 1000 [Condor Peak] when download something

Have you enabled the aggressive TX with echo "option iwlwifi 11n_disable=8" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlopt.conf followed by rebooting


NVIDIA Dual Screens - Second Monitor Blank

Depending on how technical you are (If not, do not read any further) there might be a solution to your problems.

As you're running 14.10 (bleeding edge), I would add the xorg-edgers PPA to your system.  Read https://launchpad.net/~xorg-edgers/+archive/ubuntu/ppa first as you need to know that these are bleeding-edge drivers.

That being said, the xorg-edgers release drivers on a regular basis and if the very last one doesn't do what you need, you can always roll back...  I'm running 346.16 and that got rid of most of my problems...


Where can I find the .png or .jpeg of the music, videos, documents, etc. folder icons?

They will either be installed in ~/.themes ,/usr/share/unity/themes/, or /usr/share/themes/. Once you find the location just look for the icons inside the folder. The icons may also be located in ~/.icons.


Mouse clicks won't respond in the majority of the work area Ubuntu 15.04 w Unity + Dead Unity

I had a similar problem. For no reason the wireless/usb mouse on my laptop started acting strangely - the cursor would move but clicks did not respond.

I found this page on superuser - answer 10 that recommended reinstalling inputattach. That worked for me.


Pureftpd configuration not being respected

So it appears that with no authentication methods explicitly set Pureftpd defaults to standard unix authentication from /etc/passwd. This is true even when etc/pure-ftpd/conf/UnixAuthentication is explicitly set to no!

It seems there is a mismatch between pure-ftpd-wrapper and pure-ftpd itself. Pure-ftpd only has command line switches to explicitly enable an authentication method, but not to explicitly exclude a method. However, the pure-ftpd-wrapper man page says

To disable the option use "No",0 or "Off".

but really all it can do is not pass an 'on' switch to the command line arguments of pure-ftpd, as pure-ftpd doesn't accept any disable flags.

As pure-ftpd falls back to Unix authentication in the absence of any other type of authentication, the presence of an 'Off' flag is not the same as the absence of an 'On' flag!

By enabling PureDB authentication, I was able to disable standard Unix authentication as it seems to take presence over the default.


How do I adjust the screen brightness on an Acer Aspire One D270?

Possibly, the second solution posted in this thread applies to your laptop as well: passing the options acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor to grub. Try to edit the line starting with "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX" in the file /etc/default/grub to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="quiet splash acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor"

and then run

sudo update-grub

Maybe this will help.


Your /etc/hosts file should read

127.0.0.1       localhost
127.0.1.1       serverubuntu//change this to 127.0.0.1
192.168.1.199   serverubuntu//add your static IP

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters


I posted a solution on other question ( on this pages).

First, my system has an Amd64 X2 and MB-Nividia Grafikchip.

Mint 17 and Ubuntu 14.04.1 installed, no windows.

The problem was solved by changing the grafikdriver to nvidia 3.04....

However to start up ubuntu the first time was tricky; I did it by selecting rescue in the boot menu, window grub repair, then resume normally.

After login the desktop came up.
From there I made the driver changed and update all. Now it's ok.
I made the change also on mint 17 . Also Mint works fine now.


This is unfortunate. I'll file a bug with the conjure-up team. Charmed Kubernetes recently rebranded from Canonical Kubernetes. It's possible that the spell name has also been updated without changing the documentation.

In the meantime, you can run conjure-up interactively. It knows the right spell to cast.

$ conjure-up

That gives you the advantage of being able to customise your installation. Here is the next page of the output:


Difference between admin/normal accounts except the right to use "sudo"?

The big difference is in the amount of groups user belongs to. In addition to sudo , admin account has access to the following

xieerqi:$ groups xieerqi
xieerqi : xieerqi adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare

That's pretty much what that settings menu in xfce does - adds an account to groups

By contrast , a regular user belongs only to his/her own group, unless otherwise changed by admin/root accounts.

xieerqi:$ groups tester
tester : tester


Spotify No Public Repo Keys after Software Centre Installation (Can't Update through apt)

As it turns out, I decided to try adding the public repository key and that alone resolved my issue (and allowed me to apply some very much needed upgrades to my system). Below is the command I entered to resolve my issue:

sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 4773BD5E130D1D45

This is one of the nicest thing an apt user can see :)

Fetched 6,131 B in 1s (5,112 B/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
29 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.


Trouble installing Ubuntu for dual boot along with Windows 10. The installation type table is empty

I had the same problem and most of the guides I read highlighted the need to disable fast boot and secure boot. Despite disabling both settings neither the installer nor GParted would list any of the partitions from the disk on my laptop.

The Ubuntu 17.10 not recognising a partition set aside for Linux (dual-boot with windows 10) thread discusses RAID controllers vs AHCI and initially (through my own ignorance) I discounted it as I associated RAID with multiple-disk setups.

I did discover though when looking through the UEFI Settings that the SATA controller mode was Intel RST Premium, which as I understand offers software RAID.

If you find the same then please proceed with the instructions below.

High-level the steps are:

Switch the controller to AHCI.
Ensure Windows has the correct drivers.
Install Ubuntu.

This article outlines the process SOLUTION: Switch Windows 10 from RAID/IDE to AHCI operation, but in summary:

Switch Windows to safe mode by running bcdedit /set {current} safeboot minimal from the cmd prompt as an Administrator.
Restart into the UEFI settings and change the controller to AHCI instead of Intel RST Premium.
Restart and ensure Windows boots (in safe mode).
Disable safe mode by running bcdedit /deletevalue {current} safeboot (again as an Administrator).
Restart again to ensure Windows starts with the AHCI drivers.

After this start the Ubuntu installer (as previously) and it should list your drives (hopefully offering the "Install Ubuntu alongside Windows Boot Manager" option).

Some more reading about Intel RST here:

If Linux won't install on your laptop, blame Intel not Microsoft


Hmm. This is odd. Technically, GRUB should have been overwritten with the Windows Boot loader. Anyway, GRUB is probably confused because of your OS restore. Um, the best thing I can offer is to try this: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair#A1st_option_:_get_a_CD_including_Boot-Repair

If Windows has a proper presence on your hard drive(s), using this tool should allow GRUB to fix itself and add it back to the boot menu. Otherwise, you will need to do a clean (read: install windows from scratch, NOT FROM A RESTORE DISC), make sure you partition enough space for both Win and Ubuntu, and then install Ubuntu once your windows install is complete.

*Not sure If I can put this here, so remove if it violates rules (which it might, sorry)

If you only have Windows restore discs, like the ones that come with the computer, you can obtain a new retail disc image using bit-torrent. As far as I know, as long as you download the same version of windows for which you have a product key for, It's technically not illegal. Anyway, I have a feeling this is violating rules. if it is, my bad, and please edit,


How can I adjust brightness settings when I am on battery?

I tried a lot of things to no avail to get gnome-control-center in 11.10 to handle this like gnome-power-manager used to.

I decideded to create a script and install it into pm-utils.

#!/bin/sh

ON_AC=##
ON_BATT=##

if ["$1" = "true"]; then

    echo $ON_BATT > /sys/class/backlight/<device directory>/brightness

fi

if ["$1" = "false"]; then

    echo $ON_AC > /sys/class/backlight/<device directory>/brightness

fi

exit 0

I kept it simple because (hopefully) it is a temporary solution. You must manually set your desired values in the two variables above. Use the slider in the "Screen" settings gui to set your desired brightness, then use cat /sys/class/backlight/<device directory>/brightness to retrieve the corresponding numerical value. Substitue the name of your device's directory for <device directory>. Do it once for AC brightness and once for battery brightness. Plug the name of your device directory and the brightness values into the script.

Save the script to a file in your home directory or wherever. I called it backlight. Make it executable with chmod a+x backlight and install it to pm-utils with sudo install backlight /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/

I'm not sure how it works resuming from suspend/hibernate because I don't use it, but it works well when booting with or without ac, as well as when hotplugging the charger.


When I close Nautilus, copy operation gets cancelled

Check carefully if the file operation is really aborted, because that is not normal behaviour. Also in Ubuntu, the normal behaviour is for a file operation to continue when you close a nautilus window (either by the close button, or the hotkeys ctrl+w to close a single window, or ctrl+q to close all windows: "close the application").

Only when nautilus is fully terminated will a file operation be aborted. You can reproduce that by starting a large file operation, and then issuing the command "killall nautilus" in the terminal. This fully closes the nautilus process down, and with it ongoing file operations. When, however, you close windows or quit nautilus using the graphical user interface or standard hotkeys, nautilus remains active in the background.


Loss of prompt colors after entering and exiting a root prompt

Here is a screenshot of where to start. You need to add and edit your profiles.


Most likely the real problem are permissions, and probably you didn't fully change them as needed or the webserver is running it as a different user than you expect.

I would test it out using sudo like this (replace /var/www with the relevant path):

sudo -u www-data mkdir -p /var/www/wp-content/uploads/2017/03

If that is working, I would check "dmesg" for AppArmor failures though I don't believe that AppArmor is blocking apache2/php by default from memory.

If that is not working, I would use that as a simple test to explore and fix the permissions to work.  You could start by checking all directory levels permissions

ls -lad /var/www /var/www/wp-content /var/www/wp-content/uploads /var/www/wp-content/uploads/2017 /var/www/wp-content/uploads/2017/03


Cursor jumps randomly on Dell E5470 - Ubuntu 18.04

After intensive research, I found the solution! I got it from here.
It seems after all the problem had to do with the touchstick. So I had to disable it this way:

1) Type in terminal:

  xinput list

All input devices are displayed. In my case, I look for something like "AlpsPS/2 ALPS DualPoint Stick". Then I look at the ID of that particular device (in my case, ID=15).

2) Type in terminal:

  xinput -list-props 15

In the output, I see the detailed properties of this particular device. One of the lines should be something like: "Device Enabled (142):   1" (0: disabled, 1: enabled). Then I took note of the ID of that property (142 in this case).

3) Then I disabled it by changing its value to zero:

  xinput -set-prop 15 142 0

And that's it, the touchstick is disabled. Also, all of this can be done directly by using:

  xinput -set-prop "(name of the device)" "Device Enabled" 0

Hope this helps! Regards!


Toshiba Satellite S855 & Ubuntu 12.10 & Radeon HD 7600M issues

I've got a little less severe display problem using open source drivers for AMD Radeon 7400M Series under Ubuntu 12.10 when I recently upgraded kernel from 3.5.0-26 to 3.5.0-27 which I could luckily solve by simply selecting the previous version from the Grub menu and then removing the latest kernel packages.

If you continue experiencing such severe problems it seems you might like to use a Clonezilla live CD/USB to make a backup of your Ubuntu partition before a kernel upgrade as probably a better alternative to having to re-install Ubuntu.

Another thing you can perhaps consider doing might also be trying Ubuntu 13.04 first from a live DVD/USB before upgrading.


Here are the things you can try.

Edit the file ~/.dmrc and make sure to set these lines on it:

Language=en_US.utf8
Langlist=en_US:en
LCMess=en_US.UTF-8

Edit the file ~/.emacs and add these lines to it instead of (require 'iso-transl):

(prefer-coding-system 'utf-8)
(set-default-coding-systems 'utf-8)
(set-terminal-coding-system 'utf-8)
(set-keyboard-coding-system 'utf-8)
(setq default-input-method "latin-1-prefix")
(defun my-set-default-input-method ()
  (set-input-method 'latin-1-prefix))
(add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'my-set-default-input-method)

You will have to add similar lines to the last one if you use dead keys with other modes in emacs (for instance, latex-mode, tex-mode, html-mode...).

Log out and then log in again.

Even so, if it ever happens to you that dead keys don't work within emacs, try to type C-\ and see if they work.

Update:

If that doesn't work, the only thing that comes to my mind, is that you define two keyboard layouts in your system settings

English US international dead keys (the one that you have)
English US

and add a keyboard layout selector in the way explained here:

How to switch language keyboard combination?

When you work with emacs, choose the "English US" layout. If you have added to your .emacs file the lines that I mentioned above, this will force your keyboard to behave as a "dead keys keyboard" within emacs. I know this can be annoying, but it's the only solution to your problem that comes to my mind.


Ubuntu Folder shows full but it is empty

In cases like this, you need to find out what's using your space. Start with

du -sk  /!(+(boot|run|dev|sys))/ 2>/dev/null

That may take some time to complete

For the largest directory, drill down into it: assuming /var

du -sk /var/*/ 2>/dev/null


Who created files in "/proc" with my username?

Those files are related to the processes created by the OS on behalf of you. Those files store real-time information about the processes, such as memory-block used by the processes, opened files by the processes, names of files which are accessed by your processes.

Those files are created by the OS, that is Ubuntu for you. As Ubuntu, i.e the OS has full permission on the file system, so, it can create any file anywhere

Let's do an experiment:

For experiment, run these line of codes in your terminal

First see the number of files in /proc on behalf of you

 ll /proc/ | grep lyg | wc -l

Then create another process. Let the new process be another bash instance. So type bash and hit Enter.
Again execute this command

ll /proc/ | grep lyg | wc -l

you can now see that, there is at least 1 more file. This file is created for the new process
Then now exit the newly created bash, with exit command.
Now again type this command:

ll /proc/ | grep lyg | wc -l

You will see that, the output now is 1 less than the previous. Because, The OS deleted the file corresponding the just existed or terminated bash process.


Where did the functionality of /var/log/dmesg go in xenial 16.04?

To show the output from the last boot, you can still use the command dmesg.

However, Ubuntu 16.04 (in fact all Ubuntus >=15.04) use systemd which has a logging daemon, journald and an interface with highly flexible access to logged data: journalctl. You can see a log of the last boot equivalent to dmesg:

journalctl -k

From journalctl man page:

  -k, --dmesg Show only kernel messages. This implies -b and adds the match "_TRANSPORT=kernel"

all dmesg output in the last 2 hours

journalctl -k --since "2 hours ago"

all of the journal since last boot

journalctl -b

list boots in the journal

journalctl --list-boots

to set up persistent logging, you need to configure journald - by default its log is written non-persistently to /run/systemd/journal (a binary file - no use trying to read it) and no data is available before the current boot. To set up persistent logging, edit the file /etc/systemd/journald.conf and uncomment the line #Storage=auto and change auto to persistent. Use your favourite text editor or

sudo sed -i.bak 's/#Storage=auto/Storage=persistent/' /etc/systemd/journald.conf

Then you must restart the service (or reboot)

sudo systemctl restart systemd-journald

Having enabled persistent logging, you will in future be able to use the full functionality of journalctl for example, to see information from the boot before the current one

journalctl -b -2

See the relevant page of the wonderful <3 Arch Wiki <3 for further tips and tricks on using journalctl


@Lyrositor, have you tried the following:

gconftool --set /desktop/gnome/interface/menus_has_icons --type bool true
gconftool --set /desktop/gnome/interface/buttons_have_icons --type bool true

I would be curious to know if this helps mitigate the issue with the menu icons.


Which repository (URL) for repository file to uppdate the sudo package to newest version?

This site is about questions for Ubuntu (only). You should ask your Debian questions on https://superuser.com/ with tag "Debian".
However, answering generically for Debian-based operating systems: you can't expect arbitrary upstream projects like sudo to provide a Debian package or a Debian package repository. Some do, but even then, adding these willy-nilly can cause harm to your system.
You are supposed to consume package updates from your operating system vendor, in this case Debian. For the stable release they will pick a version of each package and it will stay at that version for the life of the release. Only security issues and important bugs will be fixed, generally as a backport which will not alter the overall version number.
The current version of sudo in Debian buster is 1.8.27-1+deb10u3. You can verify what you have with:
$ dpkg -l | grep sudo

If you have the latest version theh that's as good as you are going to get.
If you have specific need for the latest upstream version, please tell us what that need is.
If you are looking at sudo because of the recent security issue, note that was already fixed in that version of Debian's package. You can verify that from the changelog.


Is there a way to get icon view when opening files?

In short, no, GTK3 file open dialogs do not support listing the files in icon view rather than list view.

Applications, however, can provide a preview pane, for example "Gimp" or "Eye of Gnome":

There does not seem control for the user to display such pane or not. It is apparently the application that has to enable the preview pane. LibreOffice provides a "Preview" checkmark in its "Insert Image" dialog that allows the user to toggle such preview. So for now, it would appear this needs to be addressed by the developer of the application.

As a work around, you can select the file from the file manager. Usually, one can open files by drag and drop from the file manager. Alternatively, in a Open dialog, one can hit Ctrl+L and paste a file name / path to open a file.


Can't make .jar file executable on xfce4

To make it executable, you need to specify your .jar files location:

chmod a+x /path/to/file.jar

Otherwise, you can also directly make it executable by right clicking the .jar file, go to the Permissions tab and check the Execute option.

Another ways to go is run the .jar files from terminal using java -jar command, as @Sadaharu pointed out:

java -jar /path/to/file.jar

Without having messing with executable thing, this is the easiest way.


This reported issue is seen with various "dark" themes including the dark variants of Adwaita, Materia, and Yaru.

Using a light GTK theme fixes the issue. But it is still possible to use a dark GTK theme and to have the contents of the Downloads bar visible. This requires Google Chrome v73 (or later).

Open Google Chrome > Settings > Appearance > Themes. There, ensure that Classic is being used and not GTK.

Close the browser and launch it like this:

google-chrome-stable --enable-features=WebUIDarkMode --force-dark-mode

Now, when you download something, the Download bar appears properly even with a dark GTK theme such as Yaru-Dark.

Google Chrome's download bar with Yaru-Dark

While the dark-mode switches to launch the browser are needed in version 73, they probably will not be necessary in later versions.


How do I extract a specific file from a tar archive?

1. Using the Command-line tar
Yes, just give the full stored path of the file after the tarball name.
Example: suppose you want file etc/apt/sources.list from etc.tar:
tar -xf etc.tar etc/apt/sources.list

Will extract sources.list and create directories etc/apt under the current directory.

You can use the -t listing option instead of -x, maybe along with grep, to find the path of the file you want
You can also extract a single directory
tar has other options like --wildcards, etc. for more advanced partial extraction scenarios; see man tar

2. Extract it with the Archive Manager
Open the tar in Archive Manager from Nautilus, go down into the folder hierarchy to find the file you need, and extract it.

On a server or command-line system, use a text-based file manager such as Midnight Commander (mc) to accomplish the same.

3. Using Nautilus/Archive-Mounter
Right-click the tar in Nautilus, and select Open with ArchiveMounter.
The tar will now appear similar to a removable drive on the left, and you can explore/navigate it like a normal drive and drag/copy/paste any file(s) you need to any destination.


Ubuntu Touch "Saucy" or other no boot exclude "Quantal"

The situation is a little intransparent (for me at least) right now, with the "flipped container" images for officially supported devices (Nexus) and still the "unflipped container" images for devices not officialy supported ("Ports").

So this is just a guess.

I think that the *-touch-armhf.zip files are the flipped images to be used only with Nexus devices.

You're looking for the *-phablet-armhf.zip for "unflipped" images available from [1], though the files are no longer updated apparently. And they had a broken sources.list setup at some point in time, missing the unity-next PPA, but maybe this is fixed in the 20130712 image. However they definitely still work with ports.

Until the new porting guide is made public (it was supposed to be done by the end of last week, then at the end of this week, now I wonder if it might be done next week?) that tells us how to port Ubuntu Touch to devices using the "flipped" container model, all you can do is flash an old "unflipped" image, fix the sources.list config, then apt-get update / dist-upgrade to the latest packages.

[1] http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-touch-preview/daily-preinstalled/20130712/

Cheers,
Florian


DNSMasq resolving not working on Ubuntu 16.04

The local resolving can be fixed by adding DNSMASQ_EXCEPT=lo in /etc/defaults/dnsmasq
To add name servers / search option to the dnsmasq dhcp server
dhcp-option=option:domain-search,joeri.com
dhcp-option=option:dns-server,192.168.0.105


How to put 2 video side by side and create chunks of given duration?

Just combine them:

ffmpeg -f v4l2 -framerate 25 -video_size 640x480 -i /dev/video0 \
-f x11grab -framerate 100 -video_size 1600x900 -i :0.0 \
-filter_complex "[0:v]pad=iw:900:0:(oh-ih)/2[left];[left][1:v]hstack,format=yuv420p" \
-c:v libx264 -f segment -segment_time 1 -strftime 1 '%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S.ts'


How to install Network Adapter Drivers for Atheros AR8161/8165 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller (NDIS 6.20) Ubuntu 12.04

UPDATE: The ALX driver will be officially added in newer kernels, but in the meantime you can find it here:
The ALX driver

The original poster didn't put this up so I will.  Apparently there is supposed to be a combined bluetooth/network driver by Atheros, and it needs the alx module. (From someone elses post on Ubuntu 12.04) but there is no alx module.  Still isn't showing up on my Lenovo Ideapad Y480 on kernel 3.5.0-18.

02:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8161 Gigabit Ethernet [1969:1091] (rev 08)
Subsystem: Lenovo Device [17aa:3979]
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort->SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 11
Region 0: Memory at d3600000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256K]
Region 2: I/O ports at 2000 [size=128]
Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3
    Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=375mA PME(D0+,D1+,D2+,D3hot+,D3cold+)
    Status: D0 NoSoftRst+ PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
Capabilities: [58] Express (v1) Endpoint, MSI 00
    DevCap: MaxPayload 4096 bytes, PhantFunc 0, Latency L0s unlimited, L1 unlimited
        ExtTag- AttnBtn+ AttnInd+ PwrInd+ RBE+ FLReset-
    DevCtl: Report errors: Correctable- Non-Fatal- Fatal- Unsupported-
        RlxdOrd- ExtTag- PhantFunc- AuxPwr- NoSnoop-
        MaxPayload 128 bytes, MaxReadReq 512 bytes
    DevSta: CorrErr- UncorrErr- FatalErr- UnsuppReq- AuxPwr+ TransPend-
    LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Latency L0 unlimited, L1 unlimited
        ClockPM+ Surprise- LLActRep- BwNot-
    LnkCtl: ASPM L1 Enabled; RCB 64 bytes Disabled- Retrain- CommClk+
        ExtSynch- ClockPM+ AutWidDis- BWInt- AutBWInt-
    LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
Capabilities: [c0] MSI: Enable- Count=1/16 Maskable+ 64bit+
    Address: 0000000000000000  Data: 0000
    Masking: 00000000  Pending: 00000000
Capabilities: [d8] MSI-X: Enable- Count=16 Masked-
    Vector table: BAR=0 offset=00002000
    PBA: BAR=0 offset=00003000
Capabilities: [100 v1] Advanced Error Reporting
    UESta:  DLP- SDES- TLP- FCP- CmpltTO- CmpltAbrt- UnxCmplt- RxOF- MalfTLP- ECRC- UnsupReq- ACSViol-
    UEMsk:  DLP- SDES- TLP- FCP- CmpltTO- CmpltAbrt- UnxCmplt- RxOF- MalfTLP- ECRC- UnsupReq- ACSViol-
    UESvrt: DLP+ SDES+ TLP- FCP+ CmpltTO- CmpltAbrt- UnxCmplt- RxOF+ MalfTLP+ ECRC- UnsupReq- ACSViol-
    CESta:  RxErr- BadTLP- BadDLLP- Rollover- Timeout- NonFatalErr-
    CEMsk:  RxErr- BadTLP- BadDLLP- Rollover- Timeout- NonFatalErr+
    AERCap: First Error Pointer: 00, GenCap+ CGenEn- ChkCap+ ChkEn-
Capabilities: [180 v1] Device Serial Number ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff


tmp.mount is not enabled by default.
Just copy and enable it

sudo cp -v /usr/share/systemd/tmp.mount /etc/systemd/system/
sudo systemctl enable tmp.mount


What is the difference between tmpfs and ramfs

The short answer is that

Primarily both ramfs and tmpfs do the same thing with some differences.  Ramfs will grow dynamically.  But when it goes above total RAM size, the system may hang, because RAM is full, and can't keep any more data.

Tmpfs will not grow dynamically. It would not allow you to write more than the size you’ve specified while mounting the tmpfs.

Tmpfs uses swap, where as Ramfs doesn't.

Source:csdn


You appear to have Docker installed. Docker makes use of cgroups and it seems you have unified cgroup hierarchy (a.k.a. cgroups-v2) enabled. As far as I know cgroups-v2 has not been adopted by Ubuntu yet and most importantly it can not be enabled alongside with cgroups-v1, they both do the same job and this can result in the errors you see.

I would suggest an easy fix based on systemd which is to add the systemd.legacy_systemd_cgroup_controller=true option to your /etc/default/grub file like so:

Open the /etc/default/grub file in an editor by running the following command in the terminal:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

find this line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

change it to look like this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash systemd.legacy_systemd_cgroup_controller=true"

Then, save the file and close the editor by pressing Ctrl + X then press Y then press Enter.

Then update GRUB by running the following command in the terminal:

sudo update-grub

Then reset systemd's failed units by running the following command in the terminal:

sudo systemctl reset-failed

Then reboot your system.

Notice:

It is not unusual for a session creation to fail once or more times during boot as long as it succeeds eventually. which appears to be the situation in your case looking into these messeges:

[FAILED] Failed to start Session c2 of user root. See 'systemctl status session-c2.scope' for details.
[FAILED] Failed to start Session c7 of user root. See 'systemctl status session-c7.scope' for details.
[FAILED] Failed to start Session c4 of user root. See 'systemctl status session-c4.scope' for details.
[FAILED] Failed to start Session c3 of user root. See 'systemctl status session-c3.scope' for details.
[  OK  ] Started Session c11 of user root.

So if no other issues are present with your system, then these messages can happen sometimes and be normal. You seem to be using Docker and these scopes/sessions mean logins ie. each user including the login manager needs a separate session/scope and they might fail at first then retried later. Bottom-line is if everything is working fine, you can ignore these messages.


Can I safely create a new partition between two others?

Linux usually has no problem with partitions being not in sequence. I am not so sure about how/if Windows will see hda3. The safe way would be to use gparted from a live System to move that partition so that is is adjacent to hda2.

After that you can create a regular installation.


Bash: Is there an analogous command to `which` for shell functions?

set shows you all available shell functions.

I don't believe there's a way to figure out where a function was set historically, because I don't think the shell stores this information.

You might find set -x helpful to watch execution as it happens.


Installing Canon PIXMA MX395 printer drivers on Ubuntu

The repo from Michael Gruz is outdated. Canon Asia provides the Linux drivers.... I don't understand why Canon Europe nor Canone USA does it, but this is the actual situation.


Kubuntu laggy althoug RAM/CPU isn't all used up

You have a laggy system because you have a lot of swap being used. You have around 512 MB Swap Being Used. You seem to have a Standard Spinning Hard Disk which means swapping will cause your System to Go Crazy Slow.

I had the same issue with my laptop I did the below.

1) Reduce the Swappiness to 10. Use this Wiki

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwapFaq

2) Get rid of Swap completely. Remove the Fstab entry for SWAP.

sudo nano /etc/fstab
Remove the Entry for your swap partition.

3) sudo apt-get install zram-config

Now my system swaps to RAM instead of slow Hard Disk Drive which is causing slowness.

To establish this please do the below.

1) sudo swapoff -a

See if system responsiveness Improves. If yes then your problem is swap and you may follow my answer to fix this.

Since I have experienced this first hand, I can confidently say it will work for you.


you can follow the Ubuntu Server Guide on this which has an example on vfio based passthrough. With that you do not need to unbind, but instead create virtual functions on your card and then forward these partitions of the card to your VMs. It also has an example on the libvirt xml fragments that you can either add to your guest xml directly or as a file on its own to be used by virsh attach-device ....

If instead you have no VF capable card you can still go with the unbinding of the device as you mentioned it. The forwarding part through libvirt looks just the same, but to unbinde you might take a look at examples of the linux-KVM wiki that uses the pci-stub.

If you don't want to use libvirt then linux-KVM wiki pci and linux-KVM wiki vfio also hold examples on the qemu commandline of this.


LAN connection not working on Ubuntu 16.04

The problem is your routing table.

When you try to reach a machine outside of your LAN, the data go first to the default router which takes care of the routing (i.e. sends the data to the next hop).

The default router is 192.168.14.1 that:

is not on the wlan0 LAN
is on the enp2s0 interface which is not configured (no IP address)


Can multiple versions of the same package co-exist on the same system?

No, it is not possible to have two versions of the same package, because there will be conflicting files. If a library is capable of being installed in two different versions at the same time is a different matter. If you're brave, you could get the source code for one version and see if you can install that to a different directory. This could very well mess up your system in nasty ways. It could also just plain not work. Dpkg won't be satisfied, so you'll have to get the source for one of the programs and compile that too. But bear in mind that once you start compiling programs yourself, you can cause yourself all kinds of problems.


Autocomplete in Ubuntu Windows 10 subsystem adds an additional "/"

Try adding this to ~/.inputrc

set mark-directories Off


How to replace a xml file line using sed

Insert the required chunk (<!--) at start (^):

sed 's/^/<!-- /'

Example:

% var='<http-listener name="default" socket-binding="http" max-post-size="1073741824" />'

% sed 's/^/<!-- /' <<<"$var"
<!-- <http-listener name="default" socket-binding="http" max-post-size="1073741824" />

Just to note, to parse structured data like xml, you should use a tool that understands the structure e.g. xmlstarlet.

Answer to the edited question:

You can match precise substring at start and end, in the replacement use \0 to refer the whole match putting desired replacement substrings around:

sed 's/^<http-listener name="default".*>$/<!-- \0 -->>/'

Example:

% var='<http-listener name="default" socket-binding="http" max-post-size="1073741824" />'

% sed 's/^<http-listener name="default".*>$/<!-- \0 -->>/' <<<"$var"
<!-- <http-listener name="default" socket-binding="http" max-post-size="1073741824" /> -->>


Difference between GTK theme and GNOME shell theme?

A GNOME shell theme will change the actual shell, i.e. buttons in the shell, colors in the shell, etc. GTK themes change the theming available to gtk applications. So basically, shell themes are themes for the shell, gtk themes are themes for applications.


I wanna do a quick install into a usb that takes -60 minutes

A 32GB no-brand USB 2.0 flash drive isn't very fast. I think what you are seeing is indicative of the performance you'll see when you run Ubuntu off that flash drive. It will not be a joy t0 use.

If you're planning on using that installation on different physical machines, you may find that it's be installed for the software it was running on at the time you installed it. Running it on different hardware may cause you additional troubles.


Why do I need to check updates after adding a ppa

Yes, this is possible, however you have to install the Y PPA Manager from a PPA and run the main update command which you want to avoid running, I understand that this sounds paradoxical, however if you choose this option then though you will have to do it once for this installation, you will never have to do it again. So if you have decided to go for this option run:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager

And then you will be able to run the following command ever after to deal with future PPAs (though you will have to replace ppa:example/ppa with the address of the PPA):

sudo update-ppa ppa:example/ppa


Customizing Ubuntu 18.04 for protecting data

You could create a user with no permissions, have the machine auto login and, if using a minimal install, simply have the browser and nothing else available.

Ubuntu has a tutorial for making a kiosk: https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/secure-ubuntu-kiosk#0


Internet connection issues are common for dual-booted Windows/Ubuntu. Here is another recent thread with a similar issue (Ubuntu (dual boot Windows) Ethernet Not Connecting/Detecting). If you hadn't already started the procedure you linked to, I would have suggested simply turning off your computer and then turning it back on. To clarify, because people still get this confused, I am not talking about rebooting/restarting. I mean a full shutdown where you have to physically turn your computer back on. I am going to guess that this issue occurred after using Windows. Usually going from Ubuntu to Windows doesn't have this issue.


How can I get my bluetooth headset's microphone working?

OP has solved the problem themselves and posted as a comment

  I did manage to figure it out, although not a great solution. For some
  reason if I switched the sound to mono I was able to get the
  microphone working.


How to automatically specify the Filename Encryption Key with ecryptfs?

Your guess is rigtht; you must run ecryptfs-add-passphrase --fnek; the option for mount is ecryptfs_fnek_sig=<fnek_sig>. See the answer to the question How do I mount an eCryptFS encrypted partition on login under the heading "This script does work".


how to register the container to landscape?

Just find the answer.

it's lxd runs ubuntu docker...very easy

please ignore this question.

Thanks


First off, definitely make sure you don't need anything on there. Once you've done that use Darik's Boot And Nuke (DBAN) if you want everything removed.

  DBAN is a self-contained boot disk that automatically deletes the
  contents of any hard disk that it can detect. This method can help
  prevent identity theft before recycling a computer. It is also a
  solution commonly used to remove viruses and spyware from Microsoft
  Windows installations. DBAN prevents all known techniques of hard disk
  forensic analysis. It does not provide users with a proof of erasure,
  such as an audit-ready erasure report.

Source: http://www.dban.org/


I like Zimbra Desktop  hope you do like it :)

it supports Yahoo! Mail, Gmail, Microsoft Live Hotmail, AOL Mail, Microsoft Exchange IMAP, IMAP, and POP


The word of Ubuntu is very difficult to explain in one word in English. Some people say it means "humaness, to be human", some describe it as "Humanity in humility".

See the discussion in the ubuntu forum

Bishop Tutu has describe Ubuntu as:

  A person with Ubuntu is open and
  available to others, affirming of
  others, does not feel threatened that
  others are able and good, for he or
  she has a proper self-assurance that
  comes from knowing that he or she
  belongs in a greater whole and is
  diminished when others are humiliated
  or diminished, when others are
  tortured or oppressed.

and

  One of the sayings in our country is
  Ubuntu - the essence of being human.
  Ubuntu speaks particularly about the
  fact that you can't exist as a human
  being in isolation. It speaks about
  our interconnectedness. You can't be
  human all by yourself, and when you
  have this quality - Ubuntu - you are
  known for your generosity.  We think
  of ourselves far too frequently as
  just individuals, separated from one
  another, whereas you are connected and
  what you do affects the whole world.
  When you do well, it spreads out; it
  is for the whole of humanity.

Nelson Mandela describes it as

  A traveler through a country would stop
  at a village and he didn't have to ask for food
  or for water. Once he stops, the people give him
  food, entertain him. That is one aspect of Ubuntu
  but it will have various aspects. Ubuntu does not
  mean that people should not enrich themselves.
  The question therefore is: Are you going to do so
  in order to enable the community around you to be able to improve?

found in wikipedia


If you want a phone running Ubuntu, follow this:

Please, register yourself over http://www.ubuntu.com/phone/register to be the very first.

Quote from the link:

  We are all excited about Ubuntu for phones, but it will take some time to get into the marketplace. If you leave us your email and country details, we will let you know when there is any news. We expect to only email you a couple of times and promise not to spam you.


Why my SSD is showing different amount of space in different apps?

It is a difference in units.

GiB stands for Gibibytes: 1GiB = 1024MiB.

GB stands for Gigabytes: 1GB = 1000MB.

1 gibibyte ≈ 1.074 gigabytes.

Therefore, 209.76GiB ≈ 225.28GB

See here.


(Ubuntu 17.10) Add/change screen resolution

I found a solution.

Here's what I did.

Reinstalled Ubuntu 17.10
Went to Terminal and executed:

xrandr

You will get your monitor name. It was VGA-1 in my case.
Then run cvt <width> <height> <refreshrate>, in my case is:

cvt 1600 900 60

This gives you:

# 1680x1050 59.95 Hz (CVT 1.76MA) hsync: 65.29 kHz; pclk: 146.25 MHz
Modeline "1680x1050_60.00"  146.25  1680 1784 1960 2240  1050 1053 1059 1089 -hsync +vsync

Now copy the part after Modeline to xrandr:

sudo xrandr --newmode "1680x1050_60.00"  146.25  1680 1784 1960 2240  1050 1053 1059 1089 -hsync +vsync

Then you can now add it to the table of possible resolutions of an output of your choice:

sudo xrandr --addmode VGA-0 1680x1050_60.00

The changes are lost after reboot, to set up the resolution persistently, create the file ~/.xprofile with the content:

#!/bin/sh
xrandr --newmode "1680x1050_60.00"  146.25  1680 1784 1960 2240  1050 1053 1059 1089 -hsync +vsync
xrandr --addmode VGA-0 1680x1050_60.00


Yes. It is possible to have multiple init processes.

In the olden days before Upstart, there was just one init process (where PID = 1).

Now, with Upstart, there's the original init process (where PID = 1).

But, when a user logs in, a new init process is created for that user session. Thus, that is why you see the second init process (where PID != 1).


Virtual Host Displays Two out of Three Sites

You can solve this in a few different ways

Change the 000-default.conf replace the relevant lines to match the  hfd-domain1.us.conf and deleting the hfd-domain1.us.conf in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled then it would be the "000-default.conf" that points to the proper hdf-domain1.us with the proper folder structure and the other two would be show up as they did in the dump.

another way would be to change the 000-default.conf and change the ServerName and ServerAlias entries to something different so they dont have the same name as in hfd-domain1.us.conf and then you would have a default site pointing to these new settings .. and the 3 virtual ones you created.

and the last way is to go to the /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ directory and remove or rename the shortcut to 000-default.conf changing the extension to 000-default.conf~

Updated:
this was pointed out that it doesn't seem to allow you just to remove the file so I updated this answer with the information by the original poster the best way for this would be to run sudo a2dissite 000-deafult.conf to remove the 000-default.conf thus leaving the 3 virtual hosts enabled and should function as you want.


Can't access windows pc after setting up DSL connection

Start the "Network Connections" applications.  You get a screen like this:

Select "Add".  You get the following screen:

We'll start off for you "Office" connection.  The selection in the combobox will be Ethernet.  This is correct for your uses.  You get the following screen:

As you can see, I named it "Office Connection".  In the Device selector, select your physical network card.  I can't say how it's named, but it will most likely look similar like mine (starting with en)

Click "Save".  You now get back to the original dialog, with one more entry.

Select "Add" again, but this time, select "DSL". Again click "Create..."

You now get a screen to configure your DSL.  As you can see, I named it "Home Connection".  I do not know what you have to enter there.  It depends on the information you got from your ISP:

Click on the Ethernet tab, make sure you select the same device as you did in the "Office Configuration".

Click "Save" when done.

You can remove all other configurations under "Ethernet" if you like.  When you now click on the network configuration icon in the top right part of your screen (either looks like a wifi icon, or two arrows), you will get this:

You can now select the one you need depending on what network you are one.

The reason is that you need to configure the same network card for different, totally incompatible use-cases.


I have finally accessed my data. The instructions in the README file stating to use encryptfs-mount-private DO NOT WORK. You have to use encryptfs-recover-private

I am still unable to login via the GUI.


Unknown hostname is attacking my server?

Reviewing your logs, it seems like your computer is being access using IPv6 only.

The simple solution (assuming that you are using IPv4 only) - will be: Disable IPv6

How to disable ipv6 in Ubuntu


The "Available" column is calculated properly. It shows the available space.
ext4 partitions have 5% reserve by default for root and system services.
You can check that by tune2fs utility.
So it is correct that available space is all space minus used space minus 5%.


how to share a windows printer (no wifi) with ubuntu?

You will still need a suitable Linux printer driver for that printer to use a printer shared via SMB/CIFS. It may be better to look for a Linux driver in the first place. Most printer models by the major manufacturers are supported unless they're brand new.


Which process sent data out of my computer?

Then nethogs command line utility will show you the network usage of every process on your system. You can install it by using

sudo apt-get install nethogs

Then just type in "nethogs" into the terminal and as soon as the process starts to use your bandwidth it will be listed.


Micro SD Card slot not working on Lenovo N22 Ubuntu 16.04

Some Silicon Motion adapters seem to be defective when used with large SD cards.  I am thinking it's a SDXC (or SDHC) protocol issue so that the older adapters have code that is incompatible with newer cards (despite the fact that this is not supposed to happen).

See:  Mount problem with 64gb microSDXC


How can I follow the instructions from "Half-installed ttf-mscorefonts-installer"?

This answer addresses the ttf-mscorefonts-installer 'half-installed' error. This error can occur because Microsoft True Type Core Fonts for the web, which is installed by the ttf-mscorefonts-installer, is Microsoft proprietary software,  and although it can be installed free of charge, it cannot be installed without accepting the Microsoft End User License Agreement (EULA). The problem is that the Microsoft EULA window pops up behind the Ubuntu Software Center window, and since it is smaller than the Ubuntu Software Center window, it is often completely covered up so that it can't be seen. Then when you close the Ubuntu Software Center window, it also closes the EULA window, resulting in the ttf-mscorefonts-installer package being 'half-installed'.

If this happened to you, then you have to uninstall the ttf-mscorefonts-installer package and reinstall it, preferably from the terminal, so that the EULA window won't have any big windows to hide behind.

Run sudo apt install ttf-mscorefonts-installer and accept the EULA, or else if you already have ttf-mscorefonts-installer installed and you didn't accept the EULA, then uninstall ttf-mscorefonts-installer and reinstall it like this:

sudo dpkg -P ttf-mscorefonts-installer
sudo apt install ttf-mscorefonts-installer

Use the Tab and Enter keys to accept the EULA in the Microsoft TrueType core fonts window that pops up. The terminal will output a new message each time it finishes downloading a new font. Wait a bit until the terminal tells you that it's finished downloading and installing the Microsoft TrueType core fonts.

If this method doesn't work, then  download the latest version of ttf-mscorefonts-installer and double-click it to install it using the Ubuntu Software Center.


I have problem connecting to the internet after upgrading to ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS desktop version

Try in settings of Virtualbox go to Network -> Adapter 1 and change option attached to from Nat to Bridged Adapter then in advanced set Promiscuous mode to allow VMs


You can remove the .deb installed package with:

$ sudo apt remove [packagename] --purge

Uninstalling an application doesn't delete the files in your personal space.  Uninstalling an application is a system-wide feature performed by the administrator.  When the IT remove something, the application will not seek out all the users personal space and make changes to their files.  It's up to the user to make the changes himself.

By the same logic, installing a program will not go out into the personal space of all the users to install configuration files in their space.  It's up to the user to interact with the application and manage their configuration files.

If you want to reset many applications to their defaults you can delete the configuration files from that particular application, then when running it again, it will create the needed configuration space.

If the IT uninstalled Google-Chrome or Thunderbird so that he could freshly install a new version, the application would not delete the ~/.config/google-chrome or your .thunderbird folders with your personal configuration and data.


I had similar issue and found that it was related to the Pulse Audio settings.
There are various ways to adjust these, but the one I used and works very well was to install a gui utility called pavucontrol (PulseAudio Volume Control)

sudo apt-get install pavucontrol

This application gives much more control than the default volume control in the system tray, including ability to increase volume above "100 %".


Ubuntu 16.04 - sudo pm-hibernate not working

You need to install some few packages, run the following commands:

sudo apt install molly-guard

sudo apt install pm-utils

Then restart the terminal, and run the following:

sudo pm-hibernate

That's all :)


Download ofbiz https://ofbiz.apache.org/download.html
Check your Java installed: java -version Output should be: java version "1.7.0_21"
Next go to directory where you should find: apache-ofbiz-12.04.01.zip
unpack ofbiz: unzip apache-ofbiz-12.04.01.zip
Build ofBiz with Demo data: ./ant load-demo will take about 20 minutes
Next start ofbiz: ./ant start
As per README file open in browser: [http://localhost:8080/ecommerce/] to look at the demo storefront and open administration interface at [https://localhost:8443/webtools]


Try type software-center on terminal. If the terminal says that it is not installed, install it by tipping sudo apt install software-center.
Then go on the icon of your ubuntu center and unlock from launcher and finally go to usr/share/application and drag the ubuntu software center on the launcher.

I have the same problem and in this way I solved it.


After several try's and digging in google. Installed sendmail + postfix multiple times with no success, tried other alternatives and nothing as well.
Then I found this tutorial

Installed apt-get install exim4-daemon-light mailutils

Configured it. And boom everything started working properly.

While I was playing around with postfix I noticed it was not running neither starting, and and when I ordered it to start

postfix start

It was outputting fatal error: postfix failled to start. I think that was why it would't work. Thanks for your attention anyways =)


Encountered a similar issue a week ago, browsed many linux forums and turns out it was due to Unstable Graphic Drivers.
Backstory

I had Nouveau drivers installed, I tried to update to the latest drivers using sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall followed by a reboot. I was able to login successfully but couldn't click anything on the desktop but my pointer was moving, hard rebooting was the only way out.
What can be done

On the login screen, type ctrl+Alt+F2 to get a TTY. Login using your name and password.
Remove your graphic drivers using sudo amdgpu-pro-uninstall(In my case it was NVIDIA sudo apt-get purge nvidia*).
Type in the command sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-video-radeon followed by
sudo apt install xserver-xorg
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
Reboot the system to apply the changes using sudo reboot.

Update to a stable/recommended driver but not to the latest driver available if you do not know the consequences. I reinstalled my OS 4 times in the last 12 months, It was an Nvidia driver issue 3 out of 4 times.


How can I know which version of the C++ "standard library" is installed?

Simple way to find the version of C++ standard library is

gcc --version

Hope this helps


How do I set emblems in Thunar without the GUI?

Thunar, since version 1.6, has started using the gvfs-metadata daemon to store metadata.  The metadata is stored in ~/.local/share/gvfs-metadata, however you can't read it from the files (it's stored in some binary format I think). In order to read metadata you use the gvfs-info command like this:

gvfs-info -a metadata:: /some/location

Which will print out the metadata of /some/location.

If you want to change metadata you can use the gvfs-set-attribute command like this:

gvfs-set-attribute /some/location -t stringv metadata::mdtype value

/some/location is the location of the file/folder whose metadata you want to edit, -t stringv tells the command to expect string input, mdtype sets the type of metadata you want to change (e.g. emblems) and new value sets value as the metadata for mdtype. For example:

gvfs-set-attribute Downloads -t stringv metadata::emblems emblem-default

Gives the Downloads folder the default emblem.

Set the value to none to remove emblems. You will have to restart the file manager to see the changes.

I wrote a small script that allows you to change the emblem of more than one folder/file at a time:

run() {
cd # make sure we're in the home directory
echo 'What emblem do you want to apply?'
read emblem

if ! [ -z $emblem ]; then
    for i in $@
    do
        echo 'Changing stuff...'
        $(gvfs-set-attribute $i -t stringv metadata::emblems $emblem)
    done
    echo 'Done!'
else
    echo 'Emblem must be specified! Exiting...'
    exit
fi
}

init() {

if [[ -z $@  ]]; then
    echo "No arguments provided"
else
    run $@
fi
}

init $@

Sources:

The Nautilus mailing list
Thunar FAQ
How to change icon/emblem of a directory from bash


Can you install LXDE or XFCE without altering non-desktop aspects of Ubuntu?

Both LXDE and XFCE (LXDE, XFCE) are in the universe repository.

So you can just install either of the two in place of the correspondent full environment:

sudo apt-get install lxde
sudo apt-get install xfce4


I don't think so there is GUI app is available in Ubuntu repository.

But you can simply convert your required formats in terminal. Try the following,

First you have to install libav-tools, Open terminal(Ctrl+Alt+T) and type the below command,

$ sudo apt-get install libav-tools

Now you can do your needs,  for FLV file to MP4

$ avconv -i input.flv -codec copy output.mp4


My PC seems to be slow although I'm using an SSD

The results of this Phoronix benchmarking test show that performance on NTFS filesystem is slower than on ext4,

·-------------------------------------------------·
|File         |Disk |Copy |Copy |Tar  |Unzip| Del |
|System       |Usage|655MB|655MB|Gzip |UnTar| 2.5 |
|Type         | (MB)| (1) | (2) |655MB|655MB| Gig |
├-------------------------------------------------┤
|REISER4 gzip | 213 | 148 |  68 |  83 |  48 |  70 |
|REISER4 lzo  | 278 | 138 |  56 |  80 |  34 |  84 |
|REISER4 tails| 673 | 148 |  63 |  78 |  33 |  65 |
|REISER4      | 692 | 148 |  55 |  67 |  25 |  56 |
|NTFS3g       | 772 |1333 |1426 | 585 | 767 | 194 |
|NTFS         | 779 | 781 | 173 |   X |   X |   X |
|REISER3      | 793 | 184 |  98 |  85 |  63 |  22 |
|XFS          | 799 | 220 | 173 | 119 |  90 | 106 |
|JFS          | 806 | 228 | 202 |  95 |  97 | 127 |
|EXT4 extents | 806 | 162 |  55 |  69 |  36 |  32 |
|EXT4 default | 816 | 174 |  70 |  74 |  42 |  50 |
|EXT3         | 816 | 182 |  74 |  73 |  43 |  51 |
|EXT2         | 816 | 201 |  82 |  73 |  39 |  67 |
|FAT32        | 988 | 253 | 158 | 118 |  81 |  95 |
·-------------------------------------------------·

The raw data (without filesystem meta-data, block alignment wastage, etc.) was 655MB.
It comprised 3 different copies of the Linux kernel sources.

Disk Usage: the amount of disk used to store the data
Copy 655MB (1): time taken to copy the data over a partition boundary
Copy 655MB (2): time taken to copy the data within a partition
Tar Gzip 655MB: time taken to tar and gzip the data
Unzip UnTar 655MB: time taken to ungzip and untar the data
Del 2.5 Gig: time taken to delete everything just written (about 2.5 Gig)

Each test was preformed 5 times and the average value recorded. source

The main advantage of the NTFS filesystem over ext4 is that it is recognized natively by Windows. NTFS suffers from file fragmentation. This adds wear and tear to your hardware as well as slowing the system down. ext4 is immune to this as long as you are not running really low on disk space.


Identify my network printer in serial port

I'm not positive this would work, but you can buy Moxa equipment (another type is Digiport), that acts as an IP-to-serial converter and could potentially use that to get you going.
Moxa https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-edge-connectivity/serial-device-servers
Digiport Portserver https://www.digi.com/products/networking/infrastructure-management/serial-connectivity/serial-device-servers/portserverts


Compile opus-tools with opus 1.2.1 (Ubuntu 17.04)

Uninstall the package libopus-dev; you don't need it since you want to compile using your own libopus.


You could try typing the following into a Windows administrator command prompt:

bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi

That tells Windows to use Grub as the bootloader.  For me, this prevented the system booting straight into Windows automatically, so I could choose between Windows/Ubuntu.

What is the error that Boot-Repair gives you?  I don't know how to (or if it's even possible to) get the Windows Boot Manager to recognize Ubuntu and give it as an option.


Unetbootin is already available for installation.


12.10 does not boot sometimes from the hard drive, but it does consistently from the CD

If the same thing happens again, run dmesg command (in console/terminal, you may want to | less to better look at the output) and try to figure out what is failing.

You can also comment out the following line in /etc/default/grub

#GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

This will help you to see the output during the boot process.


Ubuntu install doesn't run on 32Gb Nexus7 with 3g?

After talking with the installation experts, I've discovered that the Quantal image for the 32GB Nexus7 with 3G is not currently working.  The reason is that the addition of the new radio device changed the devices around just enough that the tarball installer is looking at the wrong path to install the filesystem.  This is fixed in the raring images (which should be available shortly) but not quite yet on the Quantal images.


TigerVNC config with Ubuntu 20.04, black screen

I just followed your configuration with few changes and I think I got what your want in the end:

. My changes were:
I fixed the line:
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i > /dev/null 2>&1

by
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i > /dev/null 2>&1

whitout the '-' character before /usr/bin
In addition to this, I changed the references to the name of the user from 'ben' to my user in:
User=ben
Group=ben
WorkingDirectory=/home/ben

PIDFile=/home/ben/.vnc/%H:%i.pid

Thus, my file ended up as:
User=my_user
Group=my_user
WorkingDirectory=/home/my_user

PIDFile=/home/my_user/.vnc/%H:%i.pid

Assuming that your user actually is ben, I think you have some files with limited permitions on /home/ben home folder. You can check this question for details about fix it. Maybe you need to give the ownership of files in this directory to the user ben using the command chown or just change the permition using chmod.


How to get root password after installing ubuntu

By default, the root account password is locked in Ubuntu. This means that you cannot login as root directly or use the su command to become the root user. Nevertheless, you are able to enable root password by the command:
sudo passwd

NOTE
Enabling the root account is rarely necessary. Almost everything you need to do as administrator of an Ubuntu system can be done via sudo or gksudo. If you really need a persistent root login, the best alternative is to simulate a root login shell using the command sudo -i.


tcpdump supports UDP capturing. example usage:
tcpdump -n udp port 14550

Edit
Because your applications are communicating with lo interface you must specify interface like this:
tcpdump -i lo -n udp port 14550

this command print headers only. if you want to print data part of packet in hex and ASCII use this:
tcpdump -i lo -n udp port 14550 -X

or if you want to save packets to a file and see it's content in Wireshark use this:
tcpdump -i lo -n udp port 14550 -w packets.pcap


Native tool to change aspect ratio information in video file

I just have want to ask the same Q.
I'm searching for it long time. The problem is - I did not find answer containing info, where is PAR/DAR stored in e.g. h.264 video. In video stream itself ? Or in container ? Or ... ? If someone "who knows" would take time to answer ... It would by nice.

And amateur ("mine") solution ?

I use AviDemux - there you can select copy/copy for video/audio and as output container you can select MKV - and in his Options you can force "display width".

Example:

orig video resolution: 720x576 wit DAR=16:9 (PAR=64:45 [pixel aspect ratio])
Note - PAR*720=1024 => 1024x576=DAR=16:9)

but the video should be in fact 4:3=DAR  => set in MKV options: force width=768
The video will be fast (without reencoding) saved and then played with correct DAR=4:3=768x576.

Mediainfo output on xxx.mkv will looks like:

Display aspect ratio                     : 4:3
Original display aspect ratio            : 16:9

=> most players (inclusive TVs, STBs, ...) will respect the "new" 4:3 DAR.

Greet.


if you upgrade from 12.04 to 14.04 then 12.04 will be gone, but your files and settings will be saved as when you do an upgrade of any sort.

But if you wish to save 12.04 then you need to install 14.04 as a fresh install and dual boot it with 12.04. choose dual boot in the installer, it's the same procedure as if you would dual boot any system eg, Windows, Mac or other linux system.

14.04 can have a lot of bugs as it's a new release but they will be fixed over time.

comment if you are unsure of what I mean or have any questions! :)


How do i use another hard drive? and dual boot

As an answer to your first question, you should be able to access your internal hard drives by mounting them in nautilus. You can do this by opening up 'files', then clicking on the partitions on the left panel.

For your second question, there is no way to do this as far as I know. This is by design of the boot system, as if you install GRUB onto your hard disk it will either always expect Ubuntu to be plugged in, or it will always boot straight to Windows. There is unfortunately no way to give an option besides going into the BIOS boot menu by using f11.


How to open CLI in Lubuntu on Ubuntu host in Virtualbox when GUI is crashed?

From my comments.
It needs to be done with the 'host' key. In the default configuration, that's RIGHT CTRL. Add that to the 'function' key, F1 and that's how you enter CTRL + ALT + F1.
If you have changed your 'host' key, it will obviously be different. If you want to change it, or change it back, then this is where you do that:


Thanks to ravery for his suggestions.
I have made it work with the following commands in case it helps anyone else.

Created new user for John Doe username=john
Switch to John's account
gksudo gedit etc/fstab

added to fstab:

UUID=485f1719-3810-48ea-afa5-e64b082430d9 /media/johnpart ext4 defaults 0 2

gksudo mkdir /media/johnpart
gksudo chown 1001:1001 /media/johnpart

Change permissions to create and delete for John and group John and apply to enclosed files
sudo mount -a
Copy John's files, including hidden, to the partition
cd /home
sudo ln -s /media/johnpart
sudo rm -r john
sudo mv johnpart john

Reboot and it loads correctly with the data on the partition as Home.

Maybe overkill in places but it works.


If you're trying to run a process remotely, and you don't care about keeping the ssh session open, you may want to look at using screen.  It will allow you to run your process in the "background", and it will keep running after you logout.

First, ssh over to the remote box, then from there use screen and start your process, and you can give your screen a session name if you want.  You won't really notice anything different, but start your process in that session.  You can than exit out of the screen session by using the command Ctrl-a d.  It will look something like this:

user@remotebox:~$ screen -S foobarsession
user@remotebox:~$ startmyprocess
[detached from 4865.foobarsession]
user@remotebox:~$

You can then exit out of your ssh session, and the process will keep running.  To reconnect to the screen session later on, ssh back to the remote box and use screen -r to reconnect.  You can use screen -ls to list the sessions.

user@remotebox:~$ screen -ls
There is a screen on:
        4865.foobarsession     (10/05/2012 11:10:57 AM)     (Detached)
1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-user
user@remotebox:~$ screen -r foobarsession
user@remotebox:~$ screen -ls
        4865.foobarsession     (10/05/2012 11:10:57 AM)     (Attached)
1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-user
user@remotebox:~$

Or, if screen isn't installed, you could use the nohup command on the remote box.  Wikipedia explains that well:

Nohupping backgrounded jobs is typically used to avoid terminating them when logging
off from a remote SSH session. A different issue that often arises in this situation
is that ssh is refusing to log off ("hangs"), since it refuses to lose any data
from/to the background job(s).  This problem can also be overcome by redirecting all
three I/O streams:

nohup ./myprogram > foo.out 2> foo.err < /dev/null &

So you could do something like:

ssh -n -f user@remotebox "sh -c 'cd /foo/bar; nohup ./myprogram > foo.out 2> foo.err < /dev/null &'"


Ubuntu 14.04 wifi disconnecting sometimes

Have you tried updating the drivers?

Or, I think, the simpliest way to physically replace the wireless adapter is to buy something like https://www.amazon.com/s?ie=UTF8&page=1&rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3Ausb%20wifi%20adapter (if you don't want to open your laptop and mess around).


How to mount a drive for other user than root?

Gnome-based GUI environment

gio mount -d /dev/sdb1

Easy as that.

For older versions of Gnome you may need to use gvfs-mount instead:

gvfs-mount -d /dev/sdb1

Headless (no GUI) machine

Add an entry in /etc/fstab and specify options for it.

From the manpage of fstab:

   The fourth field (fs_mntops).
          This field describes the mount options associated with the filesystem.

          <snip>

          user   allow a user to mount
          owner  allow device owner to mount

Now you'll need to make sure the device is owned by the correct owner. Specify that in an udev rule. Put a file in /etc/udev/rules.d/50-myhdd-ownerchange.rules:

SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0bb4", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0ff9", MODE="0600", OWNER="username"

Replace the vendor and product ids with the USB device you want to get triggered by it. Find them using the command lsusb. Also change the MODE if you like.

Alternatively, use pmount. I don't like it, personally.


How to bring up a network interface only if it is physically present

Also for server: use NetworkManager

Install it:

sudo apt-get install network-manager

Unfortunately, this will pull in a lot of dependencies.
Bring down the interface currently configured the traditional way.

ifdown wlan9

Disable any manual settings in /etc/network/interfaces by removing all lines concerning that interface.
Add a connection setting for your wireless connection in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ (make up a name):

[connection]
id=Some name of my connection
uuid=0d791425-87c5-45e6-948e-01b1863901f7
type=802-11-wireless

[802-11-wireless]
ssid=mySSID
mode=infrastructure
mac-address=24:77:00:01:02:03
security=802-11-wireless-security

[802-11-wireless-security]
key-mgmt=wpa-psk
psk=mypassword

[ipv4]
method=auto

[ipv6]
method=ignore

For uuid use the command uuidgen to generate a random one.
For mac-address use the MAC address of your wireless adapter (use ifconfig -a wlan9 to find out). This binds this configuration file to only this adapter - if it's not present it would not use it for another adapter, nor would it wait for the adapter to be present.
Other fields speak for themselves I hope. :)

Restart NetworkManager or reboot.

restart network-manager


Newer kernels have newer stuff. That's the basic answer.

Devices that might have come out after the kernel version Ubuntu 14.04 uses by default will be more likely to have included support in newer kernel versions.

For instance, the newer kernels have better graphics support for NVIDIA cards. The newer Intel processors actually newer Linux kernels to work properly. Pretty much anything newer than 2014 will need a newer kernel version.


What I typically do is go to the Ubuntu Store and get Gdebi Package Installer. This makes everything easier for what you want. After that, I take the package you downloaded, right click and tell it to open with Gdebi. After that I hit "install" and let the magic happen. The good thing about this method is later if you keep Gdebi and you come across a package you need/want to install but there isn't a version in apt or a repository you can add it makes things super easy.


How to download a source package from an ubuntu version and rebuild it for a previous ubuntu version

At first you download the source archives:

wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pychromecast/pychromecast_0.8.1.orig.tar.gz
tar -xf pychromecast_0.8.1.orig.tar.gz
cd pychromecast-0.8.1/

wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pychromecast/pychromecast_0.8.1-1.debian.tar.xz
tar -xf pychromecast_0.8.1-1.debian.tar.xz

Then install build-dependencies:

sudo apt-get install debhelper dh-python python-all python-setuptools python3-all python3-setuptools python3-protobuf python3-requests python3-zeroconf

but it will not work because of missed python3-protobuf debian package and Python 3.5 in 16.04 LTS.

Then build the package with

dpkg-buildpackage -uc -us

So I would recommend to install the package from PyPi:

sudo apt-get install python3-pip
sudo pip3 install PyChromecast


Fan control in Ubuntu 14.10. on Asus z97

Indeed, Thermald is the software you need and detailed instructions are available at the official Ubuntu site.

It's as easy as

sudo apt-get install thermald

on most machines.

How I use thermald is in sem-automatic mode: I have 2 /etc/thermald/thermald.conf files and when I need to extend my battery -life, I copy thermald.conf.quiet over the existing file or when performance is needed thermald.conf.performance gets copied over...

This is just one little part of a script that uses pm-powersave, gsettings, ... to regulate my performance settings. (Also, my on-board NVidia is always disabled unless I need it to do heavy-duty gaming or drive my HDMI port.)

If you're freaked out about your T°, you want even more finely tuned control and then you need the lm-sensor package which I did fine-tune on 12.04 but whose fine-tuning I lost when my upgrade from 12.04->14.04 crashed my system.  (I have it installed but not fine-tuned yet) so if you want to go down this road, drop me a note.


I had this exact issue and fixed it by creating a swap partition, a small detail that I completely forgot when doing my manual installation.


Guest OS cannot see USB even after selecting it in VirtualBox

A bit of Googling told me to look in Control Panel > System > Hardware. I found the USB with a yellow question mark. Right-click > install driver did the job. Thank you. I hope this helps someone with the same problem.

OP solved issue
Comment  to answer


I can not install any application due to a repository update error

Open Software & Updates -> Other Software -> mark the wine repository -> click on Remove.
In case that there is more than one entry for wine, remove the other one (Source Code) as well.

In the screenshot you see my repositories and in this example the LXD repo would get removed.
When you run sudo apt update or sudo apt-get update now, it will succeed without an error.

Update addressing your comment that you are not able to install vlc packages ... even though not asked in the original question, the packages are available in the Ubuntu universe repository.

$ apt policy vlc
vlc:
  Installed: 2.2.4-4ubuntu0.16.10.1
  Candidate: 2.2.4-4ubuntu0.16.10.1
  Version table:
 *** 2.2.4-4ubuntu0.16.10.1 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/universe amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2.2.4-4 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety/universe amd64 Packages

Make sure that all official Ubuntu repositories are enabled as it's shown in the screenshot below :

After having enabled all repositories and running sudo apt update, you are able to install vlc.


Usage share of various Ubuntu releases - 12.04 nowhere used anymore?

It's too difficult to get a precise (get it?) statistic about Ubuntu (and generally all Linux distributions) usage. That's because it's redistributable (you can install your Ubuntu copy in any computer you want) and most users manually install it instead of buying a computer with Ubuntu preinstalled.

There are a few projects dedicated to counting the amount of Linux users around the world, such as linuxcounter.net, but the numbers are not very reliable.

Chrome developers probably got the "low 12.04 usage" affirmation because the Precise Pangolin is aging (4 years flew in light speed) and they probably have some kind of engine for counting the number of downloads in each operating system.

You can take a look at this Wikipedia page, but again, have in mind that actual numbers are very difficult to reach:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption


This is a "problem" with the new Windows 8 feature "Hybrid boot" or "fast startup".
Due to make Windows startup very fast Microsoft integrated this feature to Windows 8 and by default Windows are not shutdown (as always) but hibernate.

This is not Ubuntu's problem. I mean if the system (with Windows) is hibernated of course cannot mount it , so you cannot have any access.

Look here on how To Turn "Fast Startup" On or Off in System Settings in Windows 8.

Probably this will solve your problem.


Error during setup of unity-js-scopes-tool

I think, I figured it out:

After reading the Tuorials twice I noticed, that I did not add the release PPA for the ubuntu SDK.

Nevertheless I was able to install the ubuntu-sdk. But after added the PPA many new upgrades were available through 'apt-get dist-upgrade'.

Furthermore it was nessesary to create a click target. So my problem was finally solved by a new installation and setup process:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-sdk-team/ppa
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:unity-api-team/unity-js-scopes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-sdk unity-js-scopes-dev
#NOW create the click target in Ubuntu-SDK's option menu
unity-js-scopes-tool setup

The output of 'unity-js-scopes-tool setup' now looks like this:

Setup started.
E: source:click-ubuntu-sdk-15.04-armhf: Chroot not found
Command returned 1: schroot -u root -c source:click-ubuntu-sdk-15.04-armhf -- echo 1
E: source:click-ubuntu-sdk-15.10-armhf: Chroot not found
Command returned 1: schroot -u root -c source:click-ubuntu-sdk-15.10-armhf -- echo 1
Remounting chroots ...
Setup complete.

This looks now much better, but not good. I'm going on now to test if JS-Scopes can be created. :-)


Every other forum says that this is almost always a hardware error, (i.e. I'm sorry man.) Though one thing I read said that occasionally it is because a machine runs too hot. I've had some trouble with that myself in the last few ubuntu releases, though I've never had my proc throw errors at me.

if your machine has been running hot try,

cd /sys/firmware/acpi/interrupts/
for interrupt in $(ls /sys/firmware/acpi/interrupts/)
do
echo $interrupt
cat ./$interrupt
done

if one of these numbers is exceptionally high,

$ sudo su
# echo disable > /sys/firmware/acpi/interrupts/<insert your offending interrupt here>

I hope it's just the heat and that this is your solution, otherwise, it looks like a physical malfunction of the processor.


Please check with Seagate for a possible firmware update. Similar models http://forums.seagate.com/t5/Laptop-HDD-Laptop-SSHD-Momentus/ST9500420ASG-Momentus-7200-4-clicking-noise/m-p/30598/highlight/true#M1777 have needed such.


"error: invalid video mode specification 'text' . Booting in blind mode"

Did you switch back your firmware settings to exactly the way they were before you used the BIOS/CSM/legacy-mode tool? I ask because the error you're reporting is consistent with something in the firmware settings having changed compared to the last time you booted, and this change is causing problems. Note that sometimes changing Option A in the firmware also changes Options B and C, sometimes without warning; and changing Option A back may not change Options B and C, or perhaps might change just one of them. You might look for BIOS-vs-EFI settings relating to the video hardware; perhaps enabling the CSM also set such an option to enable the video hardware's BIOS (vs. EFI) support, and this might be causing problems. A related possibility is that enabling the CSM also enabled (or disabled) a secondary video chipset or video card in the computer. Unfortunately, I can't be more precise about this because such things vary so much from one computer to another, you haven't said what your computer is, and chances are I'm not familiar with it even if you had provided model information. You'll just have to poke around in the firmware setup utility and experiment, unless somebody has a better suggestion.


There is no need to give Eclipse permission to run things in that folder; it already has that permission. The Permission denied error is due to the shell refusing to execute main.cpp because the file doesn't have its execute permission bits set. Which makes sense because you don't execute cpp files.


The GIMP won't be installed default on 12.04 because Canonical wants the ubuntu image to fit on a cd. And the software repositories will contain GIMP 2.6 because GIMP 2.8 isn't stable yet.

You can install GIMP via the instructions here

List of software which will be installed by default in 12.04

Linked Question:

How can I find out what version of an application will be in 12.04?


How to Adjust Brightness in Lubuntu 15.04

This might not fix the problem, but it does provide a workaround.

There is a program called xbacklight that you can install via apt-get, and it allows you to change brightness with a simple interface through the command line.

$ sudo apt-get install xbacklight

The program lets you set the brightness on a scale from 0 to 100. For example, to maximize your brightness, you could do:

$ xbacklight -set 100

Additionally, if your problem is that your function keys aren't changing the brightness, there might be a problem with your keyboard drivers.


Connecting to personal wifi on Ubuntu Server 20.04

If Netplan doesn't work, one alternative (there might be others) is to connect up to the wireless LAN the old-fashioned way using wpa_supplicant:

Note: All these commands should be run as root or with sudo:

First, check which interfaces you are working with:

ip link

You should see an interface beginning with "wlan" or "wlp" - for example: wlan0 or wlp2s0. Bring this interface up:

ip link set <interface> up

For example, if wlp2s0 is the interface:

ip link set wlp2s0 up

Create the wpa_supplicant configuration file with the following command (assuming your network is WPA-PSK encrypted):

wpa_passphrase "<SSID>" "<Password>" > /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

For example:

wpa_passphrase "MyHomeNetwork" "abcd1234" > /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

Start wpa_supplicant in the background:

wpa_supplicant -Bc /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -i <interface>

Finally, if you are using a DHCP connection, start dhclient:

dhclient <interface>

Now test your connection (optional):

ping ubuntu.com -c 5


Bash script callable from home but not scripts directory

The file permissions say that it is executable, yet the file is not executable. There are three reasons why this can happen.

You didn't dig deep enough into the file permissions — there is an access control list that makes the file non-executable to you. You can see a file's ACL with the command getfacl /path/to/file. This is not the case here since ls -l shows that there is no ACL on the file (there would be a + at the end of the permissions, e.g. -rwxr-xr-x+).
The file is stored on a volume that is mounted with the noexec option. This option is implied by having users in an fstab line (if you want to make a filesystem user-mountable and to allow users to execute files on it, use noauto,users,exec). This mount option causes all regular files to be non-executable regardless of their permissions.
The file is a script that references an interpreter that isn't executable in its shebang line, or a dynamically-linked binary that references a dynamic loader that isn't executable. This isn't the case here given that copying the file results in a file that you can execute (and /usr/bin/env is executable anyway).

By a process of elimination, the file is on a volume mounted with the noexec option.

The only workarounds are:

Don't mount the volume with the noexec option. This option has no security implications (unlike nosuid and nodev, which do). It is mostly useful for filesystems with no notion of execute permissions, where you get to choose between making everything executable or nothing.
Copy the file before executing it.
Use a bind mount or bindfs to create a view of the filesystem where executable files are executable.
Invoke the interpreter or dynamic loader explicitly, e.g. here bash helloworld.sh. This doesn't execute helloworld.sh, it excecutes /bin/bash which reads from helloworld.sh.


How to set up/configure a VNC server to show running applications

I had the same problem to get a remote graphical access to a Ubuntu server.
I ended up to login with ssh to the server, run 'tasksel' and install "Xubuntu". This is the most lightweight variant, since my server has a next-to-no-good-at-all graphics card.
After the install your server boots into a desktop. It does not hurt, since most of the time it will remain at login screen and does not eat up too much resources. I did configure my server to not start the X-Server, so I have to do it manually from SSH when I need it with

sudo service lightdm start

When the X-Server (aka the desktop) is running your VNC server actually has something to show. You should see your application as you intend. You could also login from a Linux client with

 ssh -X

Then you are able to get the graphical windows running on the server on your client screen. Then you even might not need VNC and the response times are a lot better.


Do i have to always re-install the system after a power failure?

No.

You hardly ever need to re-install. Period.

When the operating system is broken 99% of the time it should be possible to fix any problem if the problem is software related. Either from the grub rescue prompt or from a live session. The problem though is what to fix and how long it takes to find the problem, diagnose is and fix it. My system I can re-install within 19 minutes so if I do not have the time to do track it down I might opt to re-install myself.

journalctl -xb is the key here. You need to check the log file, happen to spot the line that is the one making it stop and find a solution for it. You need to do this before re-installing. See if you can and check the web for possible fixes. Otherwise might it a topic on AU.

But ... the problem might be hardware related. And if it is you got bigger issues than re-installing the operating system. Power outages tend to break hardware.


Access a remote Ubuntu based system terminal in background?

Sounds like a job for ssh. Ssh will give you a shell in the target machine you can install it by

sudo apt-get install ssh-server

Unfortunately, if you want to access the device from outside the network you will need to configure port-forwarding or a VPN server for you to connect to the network, you can use the hostname of the device to connect to it.

Since it gives you a shell the user will not be interrupted


Ubuntu Installation over USB and DVD fails

I managed to solve the issue for now: By pressing F6 (or, FN+F6 in my case) I could open an "extras" menu, where I had to select the option acpi=off. With that option, I was able to finally proceed the installation.


Is it possible to use mouse buttons as toggles?

I don't think I know of any tools that does exactly that, but you can use xdotool mousedown  and xdotool mouseup . So I suppose you'd want a script that sets mousedown or up when run, and then run that script by pressing another mouse button or something.


First, check your graphics card name and chipset:

sudo update-pciids #optional command, requires internet
lspci -nn | grep VGA

It should report something like this for your graphics card:

01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RV710 [Radeon HD 4550]

then to check whether your graphics card is fully supported of not check this page on the Ubuntu help wiki.

  Unsupported Chips
  For the very latest cards, open-source driver support is not always instant. The following cards require a newer version of the driver than what's found in Ubuntu 13.04/Raring's repository, but should be supported by the time Ubuntu 13.10/Saucy is released.

OLAND               Radeon HD 8xxx series
HAINAN              Radeon HD 88xx series
RICHLAND            Radeon HD 8xxxG series

I should say that in newer versions of Ubuntu you don't need to install catalyst control center as it's installed by default and if you try to install a catalyst driver 90% of time you would lose your desktop and taskbar and you'd need to purge fglrx and restore the default version of Ubuntu xorg or fgrlx driver.

installing catalyst control center :

run these commands in terminal

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:makson96/fglrx
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic

after that open Software Center and type

legacy catalyst control
or

click on more and click on amd catalyst legacy .

and install fglrx catalyst control center .

Removing:

First go to software & updates and remove ppa:makson96/fglrx or try :

sudo apt-add-repository --remove ppa:makson96/fglrx
sudo apt-get update

Then:

sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev*

Note: ignore any errors you may have got form running the first 2 commands.

Remove your xorg.conf file

sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Re-install xorg

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 xserver-xorg-core

Configure xorg

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

Reboot:

sudo reboot

Try this for newer kernel :
http://www.thefanclub.co.za/how-to/ubuntu-amd-catalyst-install


Your hard drive may be getting a bit old. Try running fsck from a live session to disable bad blocks.


Wireless on Acer Aspire V3-371 very poor or not working at all. What can I do?

I have the same computer.

You have to edit /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf (or create it)

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf

and add this line:

options ath9k nohwcrypt=1

Then reboot your computer.


After rsync, you need to install grub on the drive, and fix /etc/fstab to point to the new volume uuid ( see blkid ), then chroot into the drive and run update-grub to update grub.cfg with the new uuid, then make sure these changes do not get reversed by any future rsyncs you do.

As an alternative, you could just install grub and rsync away, and whenever you actually need to boot the system, press e at the grub menu to edit the entry, and manually fix the root= argument to point to the other disk instead of the original.

More specifically:

#assuming /target is where you have the new drive you rsynced to
# is mounted, and you are running as root ( sudo -s )
#bind mount needed run time filesystems into /target
for f in sys dev proc dev/pts run ; do mount --bind /$f /target/$f
#chroot into target
chroot /target
#install and update grub ( assuming bios boot, not EFI )
dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc
#at the prompt, choose to install grub to the new disk


I can't play mp4 videos in Parole version 0.9.1 (codec missing), Xubuntu 16.04.6

I had this problem on Fedora and fixed it by installing gstreamer1-plugin-openh264. I'm not sure if the package name is the same on Ubuntu though.


Virtual box kernel does not match the modules

The issue here is the that:

The official Virtualbox in the Ubuntu repo is usually older than the one you install from the official Virtualbox download page.
If you have to install [a newer version] from a different source, then you have to :

uninstall the one that comes from Ubuntu repo and this should be done with the command sudo apt remove --purge so that the virtualbox kernel modules will also be removed.

Then download the latest for your Ubuntu version and simply install and it will be build new virtualbox kernel modules that will match your virtualbox version.
If you don't need the latest version then simply install with:

sudo apt install virtualbox

The steps stated here in your included link will still work.


I had the same problem with my Samsung M2070, tried all the commands to make it work with ppd file, but the printer did not work and I had the same message.

The solution was, that I deleted the printer via localhost:631 and downloaded the samsung drivers again. I left them in downloads folder and I followed these instructions to install it properly. The printer started to work immediately after the installation finished. Before, I used different instructions and it seems that it wasn't correct.


Error installing aircrack-ng from source, missing 'lnl-genl-3'

For compiling an application (aircrack-ng) that would be

sudo apt-get install libnl-3-dev

http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?suite=default&section=all&arch=any&keywords=libnl&searchon=names


TeamViewer does not start automatically, how do I make sure it does?

TeamViewer provides a script called teamviewerd.sysv available in /opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/script. Here's an excerpt:

#!/bin/bash
#
# /etc/init.d/teamviewerd
#
# chkconfig: 2345 95 05
# description: daemon for TeamViewer
#
# processname: teamviewerd
# config: /etc/teamviewer/global.conf
# pidfile: /var/run/teamviewerd.pid

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          teamviewerd
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:     $local_fs $network $named
# Short-Description: TeamViewer remote control daemon
# Description:       TeamViewer remote control daemon
### END INIT INFO

All you need to do is make sure this script runs on startup. Making sure of this is relatively simple, just copy it to /etc/init.d like so:

cd /opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/script
sudo cp teamviewerd.sysv /etc/init.d/

Don't forget to make the script non-writable to anyone but the owner!

sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/teamviewerd.sysv

Then run

sudo update-rc.d teamviewerd.sysv defaults

The service will now start automatically with each boot. If you don't feel like rebooting, you can start the service manually with:

sudo service teamviewerd.sysv start

2019 EDIT: This answer was written in 2013. Since then, systemd has arrived in force and is normally used for constructing services that start upon boot. For instructions on how to achieve this in systemd instead, please see this question: How do I run a single command at startup using systemd?


Threads and GTK don't always play nice together. There are a few tricks that help, but don't be surprised to have weird bugs. I recently removed all threads from an application and it feels much better.

So, the first thing you should think about is whether you can rewrite your application to take advantage of the GLib async methods.

If you insist on having threads, keep these two rules in mind:

Call GLib.treads_init() as early as possible in your code
When calling GUI events in a thread, wrap them in a GLib.idle_add()

These are rules, not guidelines. You must always do this when working with threads.


OK, i have done it by myself.

I downloaded the current NVidia-CUDA-Toolkit. Then i shut down the X-server with:

  sudo service gdm stop

Then a blackscreen appeared where I pressed:

  Ctrl + Alt + F1

I just logged into my account, cd'd to the folder where the toolkit was and ran it:

  sudo sh "name of toolkit".run

After the installation i rebooted with

  sudo reboot

I hope this will help some other unexperienced Ubuntu users to get OpenCL running.


This bug pointed me to two ways to fix it, of which I used:

eval $(dbus-launch --sh-syntax)

export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_PID


The very first line of the USN page says:

  These are the Ubuntu security notices that affect the current
  supported releases of Ubuntu.

Note: currently supported. The CVE tracker page notes that none of the currently supported releases are affected:

12.04 under ESM is, but I'd think that would have a separate channel for such notices
And for 14.04, it mostly says: "ignored (end-of-life)"

While it'd be a nice-to-have, that should be a feature request reported to Ubuntu, and Ask Ubuntu is not the place for that.


Can't boot from Live CD to fix Grub problem

The fact that the grub menu appears means that your notebook can't boot from this CD.
There are some reasons to be taken into account.

1.) Clean the Lens of your CD/DVD-Reader.

2.) Try to boot from other bootable CD's/DVD's. Do they all fail?

3.) Double-Check the system requirements for the specific Ubuntu-Version you made the CD from. 12.04 expects a PAE capable CPU. It won't boot if your CPU doesn't support this feature. Try to use an older image.

I have encountered a very similar problem on an Arima notebook. Finally it was the the built-in DVD-Writer, which had become old, lazy, and little dusty. Cleaning the lense with a cleaning liquid did the job and made the system boot form CD after a dozen of system restarts - all of them coming up with grub from the hdd.

P.S.: If all fails, you could boot from a memory stick.


I'm trying to install Sticky Notes in Ubuntu 16.04 but I get some errors

Have you altered /etc/sudoers? It's complaining that there's a "syntax error" in or near the first line of /etc/sudoers. Undo your changes to /etc/sudoers.


The pre-installed software store application in Ubuntu 20.04 is a snap application (Snap Store) (source: OMG! Ubuntu article). It doesn't seem to support the flatpak plugin.
As a workaround you can install the traditional (GNOME) Software application by running the following command in Terminal
sudo apt install gnome-software

You also need to install the gnome-software-plugin-flatpak (which you have already installed apparently).
sudo apt install gnome-software-plugin-flatpak

flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

Additionally, you may remove the pre-installed Snap Store by
snap remove snap-store


SSH operation timed out Time Warner Cable

Well you can't get this working like this because , you need a router which will assign a private IP say (192.168.1.101). Now a days its all a same device (modem + router) in many cases and differs with situations. Meanwhile in the router you need to set port forwarding rule like Redirect all incoming connections in port 22 to 192.168.1.101. Then execute the command as follows :

ssh $(wget http://ipinfo.io/ip -qO -)

If you need to see the debug info while ssh execute as below.

ssh $(wget http://ipinfo.io/ip -qO -) -vvv


ThinkPad T420s won't boot in NVS 4200M enabled

I am having the exact same issue here. While trying to fix it, I pretty much did what you tried (upgrading to kernel 3.3 only) and even completely re-installed ubuntu. However, before the reinstall I still had a 3.0 kernel installed and booting into that, the nvidia was functional.

Conclusion: if you are willing to downgrade your kernel even further, the 3.0 kernel should still be working with the NVS 4200M...