I ran into this issue as well when installing on my Lenovo YOGA 720 . In my case, i re-installed but this time choosing the "minimal" install rather than the normal one initially offerered.. I then immediately apt updated and set up the graphics card. So far it seems to have fixed the issue.


A way to share folders

In each of the computers:

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

And install Samba running:

sudo -i
apt-get update
apt-get install samba samba-common samba-common-bin samba-vfs-modules smbclient

Set a password for each user in Samba

 sudo -i
 smbpasswd -a <user_one>
 smbpasswd -a <user_two>

Create a directory to be shared, suppose /home/user/Share

  sudo -i
  mkdir /home/<user_name>/Share

Edit the file /etc/samba/smb.conf

  sudo -i
  nano//etc/samba/smb.conf

In the open file, add this to the very end of the file:

[Share]
path = /home/<user_name>/Share
available = yes
valid users = <user_one>, <user_two>
read only = no
browseable = yes
public = yes
writable = yes

Ctrl + O, save file. Ctrl + X, close nano.

To access the network share use:

your username and password through the path:

smb://<HOST_IP>/home/<user_name>/Share


Error mounting disk image using guestmount

febootstrap-supermin-helper: ext2: parent directory not found: /lib: File not found by ext2_lookup

There are two places where this could be printed:

Either when supermin runs out of disk space on /tmp or /var/tmp.

Or when you need to update the appliance (only on Debian/Ubuntu) which you can do this way:

sudo update-guestfs-appliance

Yes, it's an obscure internal error and we are planning on making the message better:

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=965524

and also removing this pitfall from the Debian packaging.


Will ESM also become available for Ubuntu 14.04?

Yes, ESM will be available for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (trusty).


Second Monitor Detected, but not receiving a signal after upgrading to 12.04

First of, I'm using Ubuntu 12.04, too with the newest nvidia drivers.

I have had the same problem but came up with a (for me) suitable solution.
From various other posts I did these steps to get my dual-monitor setup running (this might not be the smartest or best solution but it worked for me):

I opened a terminal, entered

gksu nautilus

and moved to "/etc/X11/xorg.conf" to delete the config file.

I closed the terminal, reopened another one and used

sudo nvidia-settings

to save the following files correctly.

Now, the only way I could find to enable both monitors was to select TwinView and arrange the monitors as i wanted them to. Seperate X screen didnt work at all.

I clicked "Save to X Configuration File" and entered

/etc/X11/xorg.conf

because the path was missing (if you deleted the file somewhere else enter that path).

Restart the computer. When I did this it now only displays some error message but at least my displays are useable.
What I don't like is having the "start bar" or whatever it is called on both screens, I haven't found a solution to disable it on my secondary screen. But I can live with that I guess...

I hope that helped you.


Dolphin: unable to single click on files and directories to open it

It's related to migration between KDE4 and Plasma5 and bug is still not fixed in newest version from backports. You should try installing dolphin4 from repository as a temporary workaround.


Is it normal for Ubuntu to use this much RAM?

Your RAM usage is normal for Ubuntu 16.04. You can use whatever desktop environment you prefer or install multiple desktop environments so that you can switch from one DE to another.

Main memory access time is in the order of nanoseconds, and hard disk drive access time is in the order of milliseconds. It's normal for Ubuntu 16.04 to use up to 1.5GB RAM at idle if your computer has plenty of RAM to avoid using swap space which is much slower than RAM.


You're trying to find a software work-around to a hardware failure and that's like steering towards the right after a car accident on the left instead of just repairing your car...

Just:

download the service manual of your laptop
order a replacement keyboard and have that wrong person pay for it
mount the keyboard yourself (the most expensive part is the mounting, not the keyboard itself)


User upstart session in different window manager wIndow manager

This is what I did to get it to work:

echo i3 >> /etc/upstart-xsessions

Next I added an i3 entry under /etc/X11/Xsessions.d/99upstart (I don't know if this was really necessary).

I also needed to have an init config that will start i3, for this you can look for an existing, I used /usr/share/upstart/sessions/lxsession.conf.

Done.


How to uninstall a software that has been installed using wine?

You can use Uninstaller.

  Uninstaller is a GUI uninstaller for all setup programs that put an
  uninstall entry in the registry, e.g. InstallShield or the WISE
  installer. It's similar in function to "Add/Remove Programs" in
  Windows, except much simpler.

  An actual Add/Remove Programs control panel applet (appwiz.cpl) was
  added to Wine 1.1.2, and the existing uninstaller was replaced with a
  stub to launch this control panel in Wine 1.1.3.

  The uninstaller does not work with programs installed with an .msi
  file.

 wine uninstaller

  For versions of Wine before 1.1.16 (which includes 1.0.x), you can
  also use the wrapper in /usr/bin/:

  uninstaller1

1Source:WineHQ


Upgrade to 15.04. Now asks for private key password at boot

Workaround from the bug report. #5:

  I use it as Client and have deactivated autostart   AUTOSTART="none"

  I start it manually, when i need the VPN. In prevuse version, the
  startscript asked for the password.

  Regards Franz

So disable the autostart option in the openvpn config file  (/etc/default/openvpn) and it will ask for it when you start it manually.

Another method from comment #8

  I ended up rebuilding from source with --enable-systemd=no; that made it work again.

And you can also reboot into Grub and pick the "upstart" option so you revert back to the old method instead of using systemd.


Problem during the installation of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS on my ACER GATEWAY NE46Rs

You have the following 2 options:

I would suggest to go to the official ACER laptop support web portal and try to pull drivers for your laptop model for Linux in case there are any. Many laptop manufacturers now support Linux drivers since some customers don't want to overpay for having Windows preinstalled.
You always have an option to install Ubuntu as a Guest OS over virtual machine software, e.g. Oracle VM VirtualBox but you need to have Windows as your main (host) OS installed on your laptop.


the desktop does not display the folders anymore

I had to reinstall ubuntu-desktop because I probably removed it by accident.
I installed it with
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop


One of my user accounts logs in without desktop environment

This is probably an issue of broken configuration files

I suggest you create a new account and move all the documents and stuff to the new account, as it might be hard to get a fix for your problem


Zero format usual fixes corrupted drives; did you tried the simple automated install option?

Did you used the latest 14 buid?
Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS is a fairly recent build and has updated drivers; maybe that helps


update to 20.04 gone wrong - cannot boot

Boot a live DVD or thumb drive and install it from there?
Make sure you have a backup of your files. Of course, you may not be able to get to them if you don't do backups.


Keep backing up (copying) the same file to a new folder

oneline bash command finally did the trick

while : ; do cp -vt ./backup/ --backup=numbered -- data; sleep 5; done

The only qualm for this seems to be it saves the backups as data.~n~


How do I execute a python script through crontab with the virtual environment of the project?

I was not aware that you can set the cron PATH easily in the cron file itself.

So I just added the interpreter of the project at the first spot of the PATH and it is working fine now. I do not even have to make it a sudo crontab.

PATH=~/mypath/bin:/usr/bin:/blablabla

Thanks a lot for your help!


Unable to format or wipe an external HDD

You must sudo umount /dev/sdg1 before you can change the disk's structure.

While the disk (or any partition) is mounted, the disk structure exists in two places: On the disk; and in kernel memory.

While the disk is NOT mounted, the structure information exists only on the disk.

A simple user program (gparted), even if running as root shoud NOT manipulate the disk structure in kernel memory. It doesn't know how (for every OS/kernel/filesystem version), there are synchronizations issues, etc.

Therefore, the umount /dev/sdg1 is required before you attack the disk with gparted.

`


I'm stuck with the same problem after the last update. It seems, that the current nvidia driver version does not work. I found this posting:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nvidia-graphics-drivers-304/+bug/1639180

> Downgrade from 304.132 to 304.131:
> - CTRL+ALT+1 to console
> - login
> - sudo apt-get remove nvidia*
> - sudo apt-get autoremove
> - sudo apt-get install nvidia-304=304.131-0ubuntu3

Cheers,
Dimi


re-allocate partition space from windows to linux

You can, but this partition edit will take a long time as it requires the partitions to be copied.

I would definitely make a backup before doing this. There's always a possibility of data loss when performing partition edits.

Shrink the NTFS partition by the desired size under Windows disk management
Under gparted, move all the partitions in between the sda4 and sda7 (sda9, 10, 5, 6) as far to the left in the new unallocated space.
Move sda7 as far to the left
Increase sda7 to fill the space to the right

Again, this operation will take a long time in gparted because it involves copying the entire partition back.


Error when compiling gst-rtsp-server example

If this returns something for you:

pkg-config --modversion gstreamer-rtsp-server-1.0

(For me, it returns 1.14.1)

You can use the following gcc command to compile the wanted example:

gcc -o test-launch  test-launch.c  `pkg-config --cflags --libs gstreamer-rtsp-server-1.0`

P.S. in the command, make sure you use backticks ` and not apostrophes '

Source:
https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/tutorials/basic/hello-world.html#hello-world


Is there a Bitcoin calculator /price tracker widget to add to Gnome?

There is a gnome-shell-extension available for Gnome Shell that does this.

First, install gnome-tweak-tool, gnome-shell-extensions, and the gnome-shell-integration "native hosts" package chrome-gnome-shell by running the following commands in a terminal:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool gnome-shell-extensions chrome-gnome-shell

Reboot before you proceed.

Next, go to the bitcoin-markets official-gnome-shell-extension homepage and install the bitcoin-markets extension.

Finally, open the application "gnome-tweak-tool" (it might be listed as "tweaks") and click on the "extensions" tab on the left and make sure that the extension is enabled here (there should be a toggle switch for each extension listed).

Please post any errors or problems you encounter. Thanks!


How can I restore my Unity after removing KDE?

The steps in the previous question will remove all of the KDE software, but it won't restore your system back to pre-KDE install state. There are two additional steps that I had to do to restore my system to pre-installation of kubuntu-desktop.

The first was to modify the Plymouth configuration to remove the "Kubuntu" splash screen (this is just cosmetic, but still annoying and unclean, documented in Ubuntu shows 'Kubuntu' on boot

sudo update-alternatives --config default.plymouth
sudo update-initramfs -u

And the second was to restore the lightdm configuration to use the unity-greeter instead of kde-plasma-greeter. First run this command to open the lightdm configuration page:

sudo -H gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

and then edit it to replace these lines:

greeter-session=unity-greeter
user-session=ubuntu

This last step I cobbled together from these two pages:  KDE overrides lightdm logon screen and How to return the login screen of the original unity ubuntu?.


What is the difference between Clamav and Clamtk?

ClamAV is the scanner or deamon.

  ClamAV can only detect viruses and move any infected files into a quarantined folder; it cannot remove them from files. ClamAv detects viruses on all platforms, but it is primarily useful for Windows viruses and malware.

ClamTk is a GUI front-end for ClamAV using gtk2-perl.

It is common practice in Linux to split the frontend/GUI from the actual program so you can use it on a server install.


How to fix video playback showing green screen with just audio?

While the root of the problem is likely hidden in your video drivers, a quick fix is to just disable hardware acceleration in Flash. You might experience a slight decrease in performance, but you'll actually get video working again without going to too much trouble.

In VLC Media Player:

Click on Tools --> Preferences
Click on the Video tab
Uncheck the "Accelerated video output (Ovelay) box.
Save these settings and it should work immediately.

For Youtube videos you could do this:

1) Right click on youtube video.

2) Go to settings.

3)  UNCHECK the 'Enable hardware acceleration' tickbox.

4) Refeshed and works fine now.

I also recommend you to install/reinstall your video/display driver.


How to rollback an "apt-get install dist-upgrade"?

I think that short of having a backup before the upgrade and revert to it, it's almost impossible in general.

The upgrade can have modified config files that could possibly not work with older version... and there is normally no track of this and no automated way to go back.

When brtfs will be ready for prime time, we could have snapshots before each upgrade, but for now, your idea is the most viable one.

Although I suggest trying to see if you can find what caused a problem, and eventually file a bug report about it. Having "held" packages is a sure way to problems in the future.


How can I keep Ubuntu from dropping my network connection when it goes to sleep/hibernate mode?

It is impossible to not drop the network connection when you switch off the computer. It is easy to configure it not to suspend and hibernate though. It's been a little while since I used 10.04, but somewhere in the System menu, you'll find something called power management. There you can choose when or if it should suspend or hibernate.


Can my settings be customized automatically when I boot on battery power?

You can insert your custom battery-saver commands to an executable file like this under folder "/etc/pm/power.d":

#!/bin/bash
if on_ac_power; then
    : # Do nothing
else
    rfkill block bluetooth # Turn OFF bluetooth
fi
exit 0

You can see a list of other options using PowerTOP utility.


How do I restore the original Grub2 boot loader?

Try this for the second command:

sudo grub-install --boot-directory=/mnt/boot /dev/sda

And you're sure your Ubuntu is on sda5, I assume.  Use

sudo fdisk -l

to be sure.

I also assume you're running this from a LiveCD.


Try installing MATLAB, then try again.

MATLAB probably is a dependency


selectively route traffic in split-VPN 12.04

I don't know how this work with NM but I write script

#!/bin/bash
function routeadd {
    route add -host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx dev ppp0
    route add -net xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx dev ppp0
}
function makepptp {
   echo pty \"pptp xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx --nolaunchpppd\" >> /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
   echo remotename PPTP >> /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
   echo require-mppe-128 >> /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
   echo file /etc/ppp/options.pptp >> /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
   echo ipparam vpn >> /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
pppd call vpn &
}
if [ -a /etc/ppp/chap-secrets ];
        then
        rm /etc/ppp/chap-secrets
    echo $1 PPTP $2 '*' >> /etc/ppp/chap-secrets;
else
    echo $1 PPTP $2 '*' >> /etc/ppp/chap-secrets;
fi

if [ -e /etc/ppp/peers/vpn ];
    then
    rm /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
    echo name $1 >> /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
    makepptp;
    sleep 8;
    routeadd;
else
    echo name $1 >> /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
    makepptp;
    sleep 8;
    routeadd;
fi

Usage:

sudo /path_to_script/vpn username password

note: set execute permision to script

Traffic is routed via vpn only if you add route, anything else go default gw.


I think you should run the following two line and then try to run

chmod 755 /tmp/zookeeper/version-2/snapshot.12
chown root:root /tmp/zookeeper/version-2/snapshot.12


I believe you can use setgid bit?

From man 2 chmod:

  S_ISGID  (02000)  set-group-ID  (set  process  effective  group  ID
  on  execve(2);  mandatory locking, as described in fcntl(2); take a
  new file's group from parent directory, as described in chown(2) and
  mkdir(2))

Runlevel scripts are executed only on runlevel changes.

See also this thread: https://superuser.com/questions/65460/create-a-logoff-script-task-for-linux


You can export the latex equation as an SVG (vector graphics which don't lose resolution with scaling) then import the SVG into your GIMP image.

This question references a number of simple online tools that let you entire a quick latex equation and generate an SVG without much hassle.

https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/103282/convert-latex-to-svg-online

This question covers importing an SVG image into GIMP.

https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/11528/how-do-i-import-a-vector-path-from-inkscape-into-gimp


Is it possible to set up a separate session with GNOME Shell built from source as default?

This answer and another answer to different questions give instructions on how to define a user defined session that may be added to the list of sessions at startup from gdm. We need to add the setup as it was detailed in answers to this question.


could not reslove 'packages.ros.org.ros'

I suspect you have made a typo

replace your http://packages.ros.org.ros/ubuntu  with http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu/

as that actually gives me Oregon State University's Open Source Lab, which is I suspect what you're after.


How to configure UFW to allow ntp to work?

With a simple

sudo ufw allow ntp

You can use all services listed in /etc/services

sudo ufw allow <service name>


How to launch Dolphin file manager from command line or bash script (and give it a path)?

Does this help:

Using ssh to browse remote file system in Dolphin & Konqueror on KDE

and then redirect the stderr to a file or /dev/null like so:

dolphin sftp://<usr@host>/ 2> /dev/null


CIFS automount works on ubuntu 12 but not ubuntu 16

I found the issue.  It turns out the way auto.cifs works changed syntax.  Previously it would accept the domain and user on the same line in a credentials file.

For example:

username=somedomain\someuser
password=somepassword

With U16 they are now separate lines.

username=someuser
password=somepassword
domain=somedomain

Once the credentials file used the correct file syntax the problem was resolved.


Script for selecting and renaming a directory for multiple xampp concept

I have done this before but with different version than yours.. Assume I have PHP 5.2 in /opt/lampp5.2 and PHP 5.6 in /opt/lampp
In /opt I make two very simple files, start_lampp5.2.sh and start_lampp5.6.sh:

./start_lampp5.2.sh
  #!/usr/bin/env sh

  if [ -d "lampp5.2" ]; then
    mv "lampp" "lampp5.6"
    mv "lampp5.2" "lampp"
  fi

  python /opt/lampp/share/xampp-control-panel/xampp-control-panel.py

./start_lampp5.6.sh
  #!/usr/bin/env sh

  if [ -d "lampp5.6" ]; then
    mv "lampp" "lampp5.2"
    mv "lampp5.6" "lampp"
  fi

  python /opt/lampp/share/xampp-control-panel/xampp-control-panel.py

I am not shell expert so it's just works for me. Maybe you can modify it for your versions
Update: I am now a shell expert. And I have created my own XAMPP-like (with support PHP5 and 7) here https://github.com/gnulinuxid/alphp


How to copy the content of a file using command line

What you actually want is to copy strings from a file or command output (or any other output) to the clipboard.
In windows powershell scripting you have built in clipboard commands, including such syntax: "some_variable_or_output" |clip.

You can do the same in ubuntu using xclip, but you may need to install this package first. The syntax would be cat file | xclip or some_output | xclip.
To paste your clipboard content you'll need to use xclip -o with additional parameters depending on where you want to redirect this output.

If needed, install the package using sudo apt-get install xclip.


EnhanceIO persistent udev rules not firing on reboot - Ubuntu 14.04.3

You DO NOT need to rebuild your cache, eio_cli enable should be enough.
I can confirm the created udev rules are broken in Ubuntu 14.04.

Here a short output from re-activating an existing cache after reboot.
I used RO though, in your case with WB mode a data loss is likely if you re-create or enable it after fsck has run. Basically you need to turn off auto vg activation or fix the udev rule.

root@xxx:/etc/udev/rules.d# eio_cli enable -d /dev/md126 -s /dev/md125 -p lru -c eio_vgdata1
root@xxx:/etc/udev/rules.d# cat /proc/enhanceio/
eio_vgdata1/ version
root@xxx:/etc/udev/rules.d# cat /proc/enhanceio/eio_vgdata1/stats
reads                                 0
writes                                0
read_hits                             0
read_hit_pct                          0
write_hits                            0
write_hit_pct                         0
dirty_write_hits                      0
dirty_write_hit_pct                   0
cached_blocks                     75858
rd_replace                            0

Remember by choosing to use Ubuntu you already made a choice to not have any reliable component in your system.

If I get this one chunk fixed proper I'll post back here.


Can I install Godot Engine using Command Line?

Answer adapted from here: https://cialu.net/install-godot-game-engine-on-fedora-or-ubuntu/

First, download the appropriate version for your system (32 bit or 64 bit) from the Godot Download Page.

Open a Terminal window and enter:

unzip Godot_v2.1-stable_x11.64.zip

After, move the executable to /opt folder:

sudo mkdir /opt/Godot/

sudo mv Godot_v2.1-stable_x11.64 /opt/Godot/Godot

And make it executable:

sudo chmod +x /opt/Godot/Godot

Then, create and edit a launcher for Godot executable:

cd ~/.local/share/applications/

nano godot.desktop

Populate the .desktop file, writing this in nano, saving with CTRL-O and exiting with CTRL-X:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Godot Engine

GenericName=Libre game engine
Comment=Multi-platform 2D and 3D game engine with a feature rich editor
Exec=/opt/Godot/Godot -pm
Icon=godot
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Development;IDE;

And now you can launch Godot from your desktop system. If you want to customize the icon, just put the Godot icon in your theme and name it godot.


sudo apt-get -f install error gcc-6-base

Solved with sudo apt install --reinstall gcc-6-base:i386
thx @zana you give me the idea to solve it.


Command to change brightness level in Ubuntu 17.10

The utility "brightnessctl" is in the software repositories (as of Ubuntu 18.04 at least) and works with wayland.


It's very simple.

Launch Synaptic on your Ubuntu. Mark for install Wine, then go to File -> Generate package download list. Save it and copy to desktop computer. Then just download all files from script and install them to Ubuntu.


Eclipse Luna displaying regular scrollbars instead of overlay scrollbars - how to change?

If you're using Ubuntu 12.04 or 14.04, you need to start Eclipse with an env var to force overlay scrollbars:

env LIBOVERLAY_SCROLLBAR=1 eclipse

As I'm using a downloaded Eclipse (and not the one provided by apt), I've created a Eclipse.desktop file (under ~/.local/share/applications/) with the following content (remember to replace <path_to_eclipse_folder> by your path to Eclipse:

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Eclipse
Comment=Integrated IDE
Icon=eclipse.png
Exec=env LIBOVERLAY_SCROLLBAR=1 /<path_to_eclipse_folder>/eclipse
Categories=Application;Development;Java;PHP;IDE;
Type=Application
Terminal=false


Refreshing Windows 8.1 While Dual-booting Ubuntu 15.10

Reset Windows 8.1 normally, but BEFORE, make sure you have an Ubuntu Live CD/DVD/USB, so if anything happens to GRUB, you can simply boot from the Live media, open a terminal and run:

sudo mount /dev/sdaX /mnt
sudo chroot /mnt
sudo grub-install /dev/sda
sudo update-grub

Replacing 'X' with the correct partition number for your Ubuntu installation.


cd /usr/local/src/memcached-1.2.4

make uninstall

if there is`n have make uninstall command you can just delete this folder   /usr/local/src/memcached-1.2.4


Nouveau quad monitors dual-GPU error: could not set the configuration for CRTC 64

The Nouveau driver has problems with supporting 4 monitors in a dual GPU configuration:

  I would avoid those if possible. Both nouveau and the nvidia driver
  wil support them in a 4-monitor configuration, but there will be
  issues, esp with nouveau. Not sure about nvidia.

  If possible, get a Kepler-based card, which can drive 4 CRTC's from 1
  GPU. That way you get none of the trouble.

  There are 2 ways of dealing with that (neither is nouveau-specific):

  (a) You can use PRIME to render on one GPU and use the outputs on the
  other gpu to display said rendering. This is possible using xrandr 1.4
  and Xorg 1.14.3 or later. (b) You can use Xinerama to create a virtual
  screen on these. This loses you xrandr and direct rendering.

  Neither of these yields a particularly fast experience

And freedesktop say:

  Multi-monitor desktop with Nouveau

  If you have a single graphics card (GPU) with multiple heads, it
  should all just work for you with RandR 1.2 and offer full (whatever
  is implemented) graphics acceleration. If you really want multiple
  SCREENs on a dual-head card, there exists the experimental
  configuration option ZaphodHeads.

  If you have multiple graphics cards, the only way to combine them into
  a single SCREEN is the Xinerama feature, and all the drawbacks listed
  for it apply. Notice, that a card with multiple GPUs counts as
  multiple cards. The end result depends on which outputs are driven by
  which GPUs.

Conclusion: it may be possible to get Nouveau quad head on two GPUs to work with some particular configuration, but it has not been well tested, and performance will not be optimal. The suggested option is to upgrade to a single GPU card that supports multiple monitors (either Nvidia or AMD Eyefinity 6; AMD has the advantage of official open source driver support).


How to share files through the local network?

Network Setup
Connect both the desktop and laptop to the WiFi router using standard setup. This means the any of the computers can be connected either by WiFi, or by Ethernet cables. However, if you later switch one (or both) computer(s) from WiFi to Ethernet cable (or vice versa), the local IP address of that computer will probably change. This will affect the file sharing setup.
To check that both computers are connected, test that you can get on the Internet from both computers.
Optional: In the router setup, see the local IP addresses assigned to the desktop and the laptop. These may look like 192.168.0.100 or 192.168.1.199. If an option to assign these specific IP addresses permanently in the router exist, you can do that.

Windows → Ubuntu
Step 1 On the laptop create a folder you want to share. There may be a folder called "Public" choose that one if you want. Right click the folder icon and choose "Sharing Options." A new window will open up:

Check the box "Share this folder."
You may also want to check the other two boxes "Allow others to create and delete files in this folder." This will allow you the desktop Windows user to create and delete files on this folder.
The "Guest Access" check box is self explanatory. This may be useful if your Windows userID is not exactly the same as your Ubuntu user ID.
It may tell you Sharing service is not installed:

Click "Install Service" and let it install the software by providing the password for the laptop user account when it prompts. You may be prompted to install more software like libpam-smbpass. Install all the software. It will ask you to restart services and click Yes.
Step 2. Open the property window of the "Public" folder, by right clicking on it. Go to the permissions tab and make sure it looks like this:

Click on "Change permissions of enclosed files" button and make sure it looks like this:

Now you should be able to edit files created in ubuntu in the "Public" folder of the laptop in the Windows Explorer.
However, if you create a file in Windows and put it in the Public folder of the laptop you may not be able to open that file when you get to the laptop. This is because Windows and Ubuntu do not understand each other's file ownership and permissions. So in the Ubuntu laptop, the file created by Windows is owned by "Nobody". You will have to open Nautilus as an Administrator and change the ownership and read-write permissions while in the laptop.
Step 3. Go to the Windows on the desktop computer and open Windows Explorer, Click on the triangle next to Network on the left panel. From the drop-down list you should be able to select the name of the laptop computer running Ubuntu.
Now you should be able to see your shared folder (say "Public") from the laptop in the Windows Explorer. Click on "Public" folder and see the files in the folder. You should be able to copy files from the Public folder in Ubuntu to your Windows local folder.
Here is a step by step guide with some more details.

Ubuntu → Windows
Step 1 Setup Windows folder sharing using methods available for Windows. follow the steps in the link above for the Windows part.
Step 2 Open a terminal in the Ubuntu laptop by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter:
sudo -H gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

and look for the line:
;   name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast

and edit it to look like this
   name resolve order = bcast lmhosts host wins

Note, there is no ; in the beginning of the edited line. Save the file and exit gedit. Enter the following two lines (one at a time) to stop and start samba:
sudo stop smbd
sudo start smbd

Step 3 On the laptop, open Nautilus, the file browser and click on Network on the left panel. Click on "Browse Network" Click through the icons in the main Network window of Nautilus and find your Windows Desktop and shared folder. Verify you can copy files from and to this folder.
See "Failed to retrieve share list from server" error when browsing a share with Nautilus for reference on editing the smb.conf.

Ubuntu → Ubuntu
Boot the desktop to Ubuntu.
On both the desktop and the laptop do the following to make sure ssh-server is intalled:
Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter
sudo apt-get install openssh-server

Enter your password when prompted. The cursor will not move when you enter the password. This is normal.
This will install the ssh-server if it is not already installed. If already installed, it will do nothing.
The Desktop First:
Open Nautilus and find the Menu item "Other Locations". At the bottom find Connect to Server:

Under Server Address Enter:
sftp://laptop_user_id@laptop_name.local/home/laptop_user_id

where laptop_user_id is the user ID you created for on your laptop. You can find your user ID by typing whoami in a terminal. And laptop_name is the name you gave to the laptop when you installed Ubuntu.
If you want to share a partition in your second hard drive of the desktop, under Server Address Enter:
sftp://desktop_user_id@desktop_name.local/path/to/the/mount/point/of/the/partition/in/second/hard/drive

Replace path/to/.../drive with the actual path.
Alternately, if you know the local IP address of your laptop you can replace laptop_name.local with the local IP address of the laptop.
Press Connect. You will see a password dialog box:

Enter the password associated with laptop_user_id and select if you want the password is to be remembered or not. Again click Connect.
Now you should see your home folder of the laptop.
Notice there is a new entry under Network on the left panel of Nautilus that begins with laptop_user_id. Right click on it and choose "Add Bookmark" to create a permanent bookmark for your laptop's home folder in the Nautilus of the Desktop.
See this page for pictures from an older version.
Now the laptop
Follow the same process as the desktop above.


I need to restart from the root command line

shutdown -r now

would do restart.

shutdown -h now

will halt/shutdown the system.

In Ubuntu's case, you can use reboot or halt, etc. They all invoke the shutdown command.

man reboot

may help.


The rsync.service IS installed. You just need to look very hard. ;-)

$ systemctl list-unit-files |grep rsync
rsync.service                          disabled

Since the service is disabled by default (...) you need to enable it and then start it.

$ sudo systemctl enable rsync.service
Synchronizing state for rsync.service with sysvinit using update-rc.d...
Executing /usr/sbin/update-rc.d rsync defaults
Executing /usr/sbin/update-rc.d rsync enable

$ sudo systemctl start rsync.service

And there you go:

$ systemctl |grep rsync
rsync.service                 loaded active running   fast remote file copy program daemon

This survives reboots. So no need to manually start the service after each boot.


'persistent' notification on ubuntu touch

You cannot rely on notify-send, as it is not part of the base image, and not a supported part of the SDK.

The only way to achieve this currently, is to use push notifications, which requires sending the notification to the remote push server, which then disperses the notification to all devices connected with the associated Ubuntu One account.

There are a few types of notifications currently, and push is the only method supported via the SDK. Some redesign of the notifications system is currently happening, and a future version will have a better integrated system with API available in the SDK to use, and will consolidate the current disparity of systems.

I'm not quite sure what you are trying to do exactly, but the application lifecycle and confinement in the phone and tablet images does not work in a way consistent with what you seem to be doing.


Not able to add timestamp to minicom readings

You can type Ctrl+A then N to enable timestamp. Do this again to cycle between different modes of timestamp

Quoting the Ubuntu man pages

  N     Toggle between three states, whether each line is  prefixed  with  current  date and time, a timestamp is added every second, or no timestamps.


How to Fix First Play of Sound Delayed, Missed or Muffled

What Does Work for Me on Debian, Ubuntu and Xubuntu

I needed to create a short "inaudible" sound file which has some content (a totally silent track does not work) but is too quiet to hear (more on this below). It can be a .wav (played by aplay) or .ogg (played by paplay).
Test by logging out + in, then do:-

$ aplay path/to/inaudible.wav; paplay /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/bell.oga
If the 'bell' alert sound plays normally when it follows 'inaudible' then it has done the trick.

This can then be put into a daemon script eg: (by root) /usr/local/bin/SoundKeepAlive.sh which reiterates every 4 seconds:-
 #!/bin/bash

 while true
 do
     aplay -q path/to/inaudible.wav
     sleep 4
 done

Ensure this is executable.

The daemon can then be started automatically at graphical login by creating a Startup/autostart job:-
Xfce: Apps > Settings > Session & Startup > Appn AutoStart; or
Gnome 3: Apps > Startup Applications,
with the command: bash -c "/usr/local/bin/SoundKeepAlive.sh"

Log out and in. Then do $ ps -fwe | grep SoundKeepAlive | grep -v grep
This should show the process of the daemon now running.
$ paplay /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/bell.oga should now play normally.

If this needs to run for multiple users, move (as root) the autostart 'desktop' file ~/.config/autostart/SoundKeepAlive.desktop to /etc/xdg/autostart/ and change its permissions to match the others there.

A final note about further testing: after logging in and out (or switching via a KVM) wait 5 seconds before testing, to ensure the daemon has fired at least once.

Creating the 'inaudible' Sound File
I used the https://audio-joiner.com/ site (others are available), and started with /usr/share/sounds/gnome/default/alerts/sonar.ogg
This site does not work with the 'ogg' format, so I first created a wav:-
$ oggdec -o sonar.wav /usr/share/sounds/gnome/default/alerts/sonar.ogg

I uploaded the sonar.wav, then moved the left end slider to start about half way through (to get the lowest volume sound content). Then I used the Audio Tools > Change Volume to reduce the volume by 90%, rendering it inaudible. I downloaded this as 'inaudible.wav'.
I also produced an ogg version:-
$ ffmpeg -i /path/to/inaudible.wav  -acodec libvorbis /path/to/inaudible.ogg

This file worked first time for me, but if not it might be necessary to experiment with the duration and volume.
I put it (as root) into /usr/local/share/sounds/ for all users.


Getting an exec format error on Linux (Chromebook)

Check which architecture you're using. The command uname -m should give you something like x86_64, i686 or arm64. According to the MuseScore homepage, there are MuseScore AppImage packages for i686, x86_64 and armhf. The authors of MuseScore don't seem to offer AppImage packages for other architectures than those three.
Alternatively you can use the project's personal package archive (PPA). Check which exact version of Ubuntu you're using by looking for DISTRIB_CODENAME in the file /etc/lsb-release. This should be something like bionic, focal or groovy. Look at the PPAs website whether it offers packages for your version. The available versions are listed in the "Published in" dropdown. If the PPA offers packages for your Ubuntu release, you can add the PPA to your repositories and install the package musescore as described on the PPAs homepage.


Installing Ubuntu 16.04 over a windows partition

If you have 4GB of RAM or more, you don't really need a swap partition, unless you're running something memory hungry...

you can delet the 80GB partition without harming your data, and create new partitions in it's place...


Failure to download extra data files - ttf-mscorefonts-installer

Launchpad bug #1607535 #1651923 is fixed in the “updates” repositories of Apt for Xenial and Yakkety.

If you're on Ubuntu Xenial or later (16.04+) make sure that the “updates” repository is enabled and update the repository information and your packages:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -f

This tells Apt to

upgrade all packages that can be replaced trivially by a new version, and
try to fix all inconsistent packages in the process (-f).

If the fixed versions are not available for your Ubuntu release you can download the Debian version of ttf-mscorefonts-installer which doesn't suffer from this bug and install it with Software Center or on the command-line.


It's fairly easy with aptitude. First, make sure you have it and ubuntu-minimal installed:

sudo apt-get install aptitude ubuntu-minimal

Then, mark all packages as being automatically installed, except ubuntu-minimal:

sudo aptitude markauto '~i!~nubuntu-minimal'

After that, you should be left with only ubuntu-minimal, and the things it depends on.

WARNING: This doesn't include a kernel, so I suggest installing linux-image-generic immediately.


cannot install goldendict because of package dependencies

The problem was solved after I enabled the system to receive "Important security updates" and "Recommended updates" (from Software Sources, the tab "Updates")


ncdf4 require system libraries be installed, so you have a couple of options:

Install the pre-built ncdf4 package from the repositories:

sudo apt-get install r-cran-ncdf4

This will automatically pull in the required system dependencies.
Or, you can install the system dependencies explicitly:

sudo apt-get install netcdf-bin

Then, install the R package:

> install.packages('ncdf4')


how to receive email notification for linux server memory utilization

Take a pick:

Nagios

This is one of the most popular web based Linux monitoring systems nowadays, actually it’s industry standard for IT infrastructure monitoring. Licensed under GPL Nagios is available for everybody free of charge and allows to monitor availability and response time of network services, usage of system resources like CPU load, RAM allocation etc., number of logged in users and many-many more. It doesn’t makes sense to list here everything that can be monitored by Nagios but its nature implies that main Nagios instance (server) collects information from either local system or Nagios clients (agents). It means you can install client software on number of Linux, BSD, Windows hosts or Cisco devices, point them to Nagios server and see states of their services or processes in one place: Nagios web based monitoring tool (see the screenshot below).
In case of any outage detected by Nagios server or any anomaly you will get an alert from Nagios. It’s important that Nagios suports wide range of alerts including e-mail, sms, chat messages and phone call notifications. Large number of official and third party plugins can extend Nagios’ functionality dramatically.

Zabbbix

Zabbix is enterprise class Linux monitoring system with impressive list of capabilities available out of the box. It is licensed under GPL and is written in PHP. In brief Zabbix can do the same tasks as Nagios and Cacti by default: Zabbix easily graphs monitored data and sends alerts to user in case of any problem. Using Zabbix you can create maps of the hosts, group hosts by various categories and so on.

Cacti. For mail it requires thold.

Cacti is another web based monitoring system written in PHP and licensed under GPL. Unlike Nagios describe above Cacti was designed mainly fo the graphs — in brief, Cacti polls various services and then graphs resulting data. It uses RRDTool to build graphs so if you can some graphs in .rrd files you can easily attach them to Cacti and have everything in one place.
So you can see CPU load graphs, RAM usage, round trip time stats, bandwidth utilization and much more information collected from various hosts. As well as Nagios Cacti supports SNMP that makes it possible to monitor almost any device in your network: Linux hosts, *BSD hosts, Windows hosts, Cisco devices, Juniper equipment, voip phones, routers, switches whatever.
Meantime by default Cacti doesn’t provides alerts so you should install third party plugin (thold or others) for that or use more flexible solutions supporting alerts (like Nagios or Zabbix).

Source.


Usage of only external Monitor -> Screen Black with Mouse but mirror or extend is fine on Ubuntu 20.04

The Oled-dimmer gnome plugin was causing the issue, before the ubuntu 20.04 upgrade it worked. But now it does not work with the external Monitor only setup.

After disabling the Extension, i can use my external monitor again.


Simply delete these files and then reboot?

No. Empty them but do not use rm because it could end up crashing something while you are typing the touch command to recreate it.
Shortest method:
cd /var/log
sudo su
> lastlog
> wtmp
> dpkg.log
> kern.log
> syslog
exit

If not root it will require sudo. Taken from another answer on AU.
BEFORE YOU DO THAT. Do a tail {logfile} and check if there is a reason for them to be so big. Unless this system is several years old there should be no reason for this and fixing the problem is better than letting this go on.
Both kern.log and syslog should normally not be that big. But like I said: if this system is up and running for years and years it might be normal and the files just need to be cleared.
And to prevent it to become that big in the future: setup logrotate. It is pretty straightforward and will compress the logfile when it becomes bigger then a size you set it to.

1 other thing: if you do not want to delete the contents you can compress the files by tarring or gzipping them. That will have you end up with files probably 10% of what they are now. That is if there is still room on the disk to do that.


How to get LibreOffice Help installed for the AppImage version of LibreOffice?

Instead of downloading

https://libreoffice.soluzioniopen.com/stable/fresh/LibreOffice-fresh.basic-x86_64.AppImage

I should have installed
    https://libreoffice.soluzioniopen.com/stable/fresh/LibreOffice-fresh.basic.help-x86_64.AppImage

This version is the LibreOffice AppImage with Help available off-line. The difference is that it's being accessed via the browser, Google Chrome, in my case, and not from with LibreOffice itself (as happens when one installs a repository version or via a ppa).

Sample urls showing in the browser's address bar:

file:///tmp/.mount_LibreOdssV6p/opt/libreoffice6.1/help/en-US/text/swriter/01/02110100.html?DbPAR=WRITER#bm_id3155338
file:///tmp/.mount_LibreOdssV6p/opt/libreoffice6.1/help/en-US/text/swriter/main0000.html?DbPAR=WRITER

In other words, if you want to access LibreOffice's Help offline via your browser use the download link that has .help in it.


How to start gnome-control-center. If symbol lookup error: libgoa-backend-1.0.so.1?

You can try to reinstall the package containing libgoa-backend-1.0.so.1.0.0:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgoa-backend-1.0-1

According to your ldd output you have some strange libraries:

/usr/local/lib/libatk-1.0.so.0
/usr/local/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0
/usr/local/lib/libgmodule-2.0.so.0

You should move them out the way:

mkdir ~/usr_local_lib
sudo mv /usr/local/lib/libatk-1.0.so.0 ~/usr_local_lib
sudo mv /usr/local/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 ~/usr_local_lib
sudo mv /usr/local/lib/libgmodule-2.0.so.0 ~/usr_local_lib

For predictable results it is recommended to reinstall packages of these libraries:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libatk1.0-0 libglib2.0-0

You may want to investigate /usr/local/lib/ folder further.


How to install anydesk in Ubuntu terminal 14.04 ? Os type 32 bit

Since anydesk isn't found in the Ubuntu repositories, ( see https://packages.ubuntu.com/search ), the only way available to you is to go to https://anydesk.com/download and follow their instructions.

If their instructions don't include Ubuntu 14.04, consider upgrading to a more recent, Long-Term Support version, 16.04LTS or 18.04LTS. Ubuntu 14.04 is no longer supported.


In order to use xinput-calibrator, you must first add the ppa.

Open up a terminal by pressing and holding CTRL + ALT + T.  At which point you will enter

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tias/xinput-calibrator-ppa
sudo apt-get update

At which point you can now sudo apt-get install xinput-calibrator.


Before we start, sometimes the HDMI port is pushed by the same hardware that pushes DVI/VGA so it might be that you need three 'real' ports not a port that works if and only if the other is disabled.

To find out if the previous is the case, disable your second monitor and see if the HDMI is enable-able then.  If it is, then it's the case.  If it still isn't then keep reading...

Mine is 2 DVIs and a displaylink port.

I currently have this working without 3D support using Xinerama like this:
xorg.conf

Section "ServerLayout"
    Identifier     "aticonfig Layout"
    Screen      0  "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0" 0 0
    Screen         "aticonfig-Screen[0]-1" LeftOf "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0"
    Screen         "aticonfig-Screen[0]-2" LeftOf "aticonfig-Screen[0]-1"
EndSection

Section "Module"
EndSection

Section "ServerFlags"
    Option      "Xinerama" "on"
EndSection

Section "Extensions"
    Option      "Composite" "Enable"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier   "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-0"
    Option      "VendorName" "ATI Proprietary Driver"
    Option      "ModelName" "Generic Autodetecting Monitor"
    Option      "DPMS" "true"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier   "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-1"
    Option      "VendorName" "ATI Proprietary Driver"
    Option      "ModelName" "Generic Autodetecting Monitor"
    Option      "DPMS" "true"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier   "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-2"
    Option      "VendorName" "ATI Proprietary Driver"
    Option      "ModelName" "Generic Autodetecting Monitor"
    Option      "DPMS" "true"
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "aticonfig-Device[0]-0"
    Driver      "fglrx"
    BusID       "PCI:1:0:0"
    Screen      0
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "aticonfig-Device[0]-1"
    Driver      "fglrx"
    BusID       "PCI:1:0:0"
    Screen      1
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "aticonfig-Device[0]-2"
    Driver      "fglrx"
    BusID       "PCI:1:0:0"
    Screen      2
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0"
    Device     "aticonfig-Device[0]-0"
    Monitor    "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-0"
    DefaultDepth     24
    SubSection "Display"
        Viewport   0 0
        Depth     24
                Modes "1440x900_60.00"
    EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier "aticonfig-Screen[0]-1"
    Device     "aticonfig-Device[0]-1"
    Monitor    "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-1"
    DefaultDepth     24
    SubSection "Display"
        Viewport   0 0
        Depth     24
                Modes "1440x900_60.00"
    EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier "aticonfig-Screen[0]-2"
    Device     "aticonfig-Device[0]-2"
    Monitor    "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-2"
    DefaultDepth     24
    SubSection "Display"
        Viewport   0 0
        Depth     24
                Modes "1440x900_60.00"
    EndSubSection
EndSection

with binary driver...

Where is xorg.conf: /etc/X11/xorg.conf
What is xorg.conf: It's a way to tell your computer 'No do not auto configure...I know better. Do it like this:'


Try this command:

sudo iw dev {yourWlanIface} scan | grep SSID

Use the WLAN interface that you can search by using the command:

ifconfig

Because in Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) the interface's name changed a little bit.

It might help you.


You can find python 2.4 and 2.5 in this PPA https://launchpad.net/~fkrull/+archive/deadsnakes

I am successfully using the python2.5 from this PPA, but I have not tested the python2.4 packages.

This is a similar question.


How well do ATI drivers work with Unity?

The open driver work from the archive (that gets set up by default) generally works on my ATI Fusion-based laptop. It's decently fast but not as fast as fglrx.

The fglrx drivers in the archive were faster, but would freeze my laptop once every few hours. The Catalyst 11.4 drivers that I manually installed from their website are the fastest and I've had no crashes yet.

Some people are reporting that disabling vsync has helped them:

Performance being really choppy with ATI drivers


Overwriting existing OS via expanding a partition

Yes, from xUbuntu install gParted with your favorite installation program. Start it up (from the menu or commandline with sudo). Select and mark all Windows partitions for "delete" and start the task.

After that is done format the unallocated space as ext4 and you will have a mountable partition. You can also enlarge your xUbuntu adding the space to your current root or any other partition that is -next- to the unallocated space.

Example: I have marked 2 partitions (fat and ntfs) that are windows. Rightclick, unmount if needed and you can then choose delete but also choose "format to" from the dropdown.

  Also if there is a way, how can I remove the windows 7 entry from grub?

Easiest would be to install "grub customizer" and remove it from there.


Is there something like Jack Audio for Video management

What you are describing is in the works, it is called PipeWire. Jupiter Broadcasting had a good episode on it. It’s not near complete though, and I have never messed with it. Gstreamer can provide some sort of functionality in this area as well, their website has tutorials. I’m very excited to see where the PipeWire project goes, it’s going to greatly improve multimedia creation on Linux! https://linuxunplugged.com/272


WebApps
As far as I know, HTML5 Web Applications which run on Ubuntu [Touch] are simply a Chromeless browser running your application "like" a native application in Ubuntu, with some low-level API to access a few features of Ubuntu (currently, only Desktop). So it doesn't matter what server-side language you use, Node.js or whatever.
PhoneGap
We can't forget this one, ever. Phonegap supports Ubuntu, too. This initially means Ubuntu Desktop, but lemme quote this:

Cross compiling applications for Ubuntu Touch on ARM is natively supported by the cordova-ubuntu platform support module, as of version 3.4 or superior.

So you can make Ubuntu applications which run on ARM-based CPUs, too.
This is a list of APIs supported by PhoneGap
Native
Of course, native has always been the best choice, and probably will stay as the best for a while. If you want blazingly fast apps with access to every API, native is the way to go.


You may easily read the Changelog for a package, thusly:

apt-get changelog libpulsedsp:amd64

to see what changed in this latest version.


Submit a command "sudo chmod 777 -R /dev/kvm" for ever

That is never going to work: /dev/ is rebuild every boot. Besides that chmod 777 is never the correct solution. The only time chmod 777 is a solution is when it is for a tmp situation where you also use the sticky bit.
The way to do this: please check the GROUP of /dev/kvm (with ls -l /dev/kvm) and add the user you want to use that device to that group.
The group is likely to be kvm so what you need to do is
sudo adduser $USER kvm

Adjust it to the group /dev/kvm shows though. You need to logout before it is activated too.


So the problem was in the wrong order of the outputs in Compiz config. For some reason I had layout shown on the picture below

while the correct left to right layout should look like

After fixing and logging out and in everything started to work as expected.


k3b and brasero rejects attempts to burn Blu-Ray disks on kubuntu 17.04

The K3B refusal and message is a known bug:

https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=381074

solved by the non-Debug parts of

https://cgit.kde.org/k3b.git/commit/?id=329c969be1dbc3455d65925bcad32f4df3a5b428

It simply never accepted BD media for the job of image writing.
Data composition + burning worked with BD.

For diagnosing the problem with Basero one would need more tangible
information.

Gnome Disk Utility might show the readable size of the blank medium
(but then showing 2 KB too many).

The kernel messages are normal with blank media. (Not enough brain to
refrain from trying to read it.)

If you are willing to use the shell command line, try this for burning:

xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/sr1 fs=32m -eject /...path.../my_image.iso

with your ISO image file path instead of  /...path.../my_image.iso .


Basic Ubuntu installation with non-Unity desktop?

If all you have is a command line, run the command:

tasksel

and select your desktop environment from there. I would suggest a minimal xfce interface if you don't need all the bells and whistles of UbuntuStudio (xfce is the desktop used).

For an even more minimal desktop you can install xfce4 using apt-get like so:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xfce4 lightdm


Downgrade kernel 3.19.0-26-generic to 3.13.0-62-generic

You can install a specific kernel with (just change the kernel version here):

sudo apt-get install linux-image-3.13.0-62-generic linux-headers-3.13.0-62 linux-headers-3.13.0-62-generic

Or use the following command to to install the latest Trusty kernel (it's 3.13.0-62 for now), not any specific version:

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-trusty

After that, reboot your server and hit ESC after the vendor splash screen to enter GRUB menu. Select "Advanced options for Ubuntu" there, boot with the 3.13 kernel that you just installed to make sure it's working as expected.

If everything works well, you can remove the 3.19 kernel later.


It's a bug. Look at https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/appstream/+bug/1579712/. The problem is that the bug is affecting the update process, so you can't update. Catch 22.

So to solve it you have to manually install the broken packages.

If the system tried to do the update, you'll probably have a rogue appstreamcli running --- using 100% of your CPU; it will also have a lock held on the apt database, which will block any upgrade attempt.

To solve it, you have to kill the rogue appstreamcli ---  ypu can find its PID by running top, and then

sudo kill <PID here>

The second step is to manually update the failing packages as in: (Notice: on a 64-bit system; if you run a 32 bit system you must change the links accordingly, using i386 in lieu of amd64)

cd /tmp && mkdir asfix
cd asfix
wget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/appstream_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
wget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/libappstream3_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

as posted in comment #24 of the bug report.

Now you can update your system; once you successfully do that, you can safely remove the downloaded packages.

Nice bug.

BTW --- this is the same as appstreamcli hanging with 100% CPU usage during update  and apt-get is stuck at "Fetched XXKb in XXsec"


Try with installing Cannon LBP driver in Official Ubuntu Repository. It is much trusted.

sudo apt-get install printer-driver-cjet cjet


sharing a printer in windows 8 with a ubuntu machine on a network

Making printer visible on Windows PC by connecting it to Ubuntu one:

Connect the printer on Ubuntu PC (with static IP); Open web-browser on Windows PC and type "IPadress of UbuntuPC":631. Example: 192.168.1.15:631 CUPS control center will be opened. Go to "Administration" tab. Click "Manage printers" and right click on your printer name and Copy link. I don't know where it is on Win8, but find Add new printer(probably under Printers and faxes); add network printer and just paste that copied link of your ubuntu printer. Finish "add printer" wizard and it should work.


Help with installing Gnome Shell Google Calendar Extension

I've tried to run the version you have, but it didn't even ask me my email address, however I had a working version from https://github.com/vintitres/gnome-shell-google-calendar for a few months already. It has even added features like excluding calendars from importing.


switch from Netbook Edition 10.10 to Desktop Edition?

Make sure you install the ubuntu-desktop meta-package sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop this will ensure you have all the packages necessary for the base Gnome desktop to run. Once that package is installed you should be able to switch session like normal.


Firstly, thank you for your help Michael. Although it was initially more confusing, through no fault of yours, your post did lead directly to me solving my problem myself.
My fundamental misunderstanding, reflected in my OP, was that I was conflating 2 different things.

The signature verification failure, (image 1) resulted from my attempt to install what I had thought was the full TOR browser, but was actually the "TOR Browser Bundle". I had found and installed this through the "Ubuntu Software" button on the sidebar, it being one of 3 results returned from a search within "Ubuntu Software" for "TOR Browser".

Image 2 was related only to the firefox extension named "open in tor browser" and was actually asking me to install a "native client" (/install.sh) which "helps the browser communicate with the OS".
My error here was the initial assumption that "native client" was referring to a copy of the tor browser itself. This assumption in turn led me to thinking that my previous failed attempts to install what I thought was the full TOR Browser was the cause of this request to install the "native client".

Since reading your answer I have

Uninstalled the "TOR Browser Bundle" and removed the extension from
firefox.
Downloaded "tor-browser-linux64-7.0.2_en-US.tar.xz" directly from
the TOR site.
Extracted "tor-browser-linux64-7.0.2_en-US.tar.xz" to the home directory
Double clicked "TOR Browser" within the new "home/tor-browser_en-US" folder.

I now have a functional TOR browser, running using firefox.

I am, however, still somewhat confused, since the description of process in your answer that parallels my successful steps above seemed to be referring to the "TOR Bundle", while the steps as I took them were applied to the TOR Browser downloaded directly from the TOR site. I suspect I am still misunderstanding something, however am happy about the positive result regardless.

Thanks again for your help


Keyboard randomly presses or releases modifier keys

Found an answer on this thread 3 years ago, forgot to post it.
This problem arises on some HP laptops.
See the launchpad bug report here:
Keys malfunctioning - ctrl and shift seem to be pressed when they aren't, or don't work when pressed
Never found a perfect solution, but the kernel parameter (i8042.dumbkbd) acts as a good workaround. If you always use x11 or similar anyway, you won't notice any problem after enabling it, except the caps lock light not switching.


All themes are not appearing in Ubuntu 13.10

All of those themes listed are not full environment themes. They only theme a small part of the system. Atlanta, Bright, Crux, and Esco, for example, are only Metacity themes. They do not have icons or GTK+ themes.

Ambiance, Radiance, and I think HighContrast in that list, are the only ones that would be full system themes, and thus, the only ones that would be displayed in the list in the Display properties.


Have you tried disabling Auto-Mute in AlsaMixer? That's what worked for me.

I have a Surface Book 2 dual booting Windows 10 and Ubuntu 16.04. There was a hissing, white noise sound coming from the headphone jack once I plugged in my headphones, only in Ubuntu.


How can I ignore errors with specific keywords in bash?

Try this:

cp file 2>&1 | grep -v cp operand


Set authentication_string in Mysql 8.0.19

Use ALTER_USER instead of SET authentication_string:

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '1234';


Trying to run 32bit windows game in wine on 64bit 12.04

Well I solved this by accident. I started the game and then when I saw the mouse was moving so very jerky again I pressed alt+F4 this brought up a messagebox asking me if I wanted to leave the game. I accidentally pressed no and was back in the game. However this time it was silky smooth!

So yeah, no idea why but just glad it did work :)


Is crontab's @reboot entry triggered after X has started?

cron is started before X. You can use "sleep" and the "at" command to stall executions but ... that's just a weird hack.

If the script needs X: see "startup applications" in "dash". That is started on logon to the desktop.


Upgrade from 13.04 to 13.10, update-manager crashed, and now hangs

Yes, you're going to want to do the dist-upgrade command from Terminal. First, you should run auto-remove, just to make sure all goes smoothly.


Ubuntu 21.04 Gimp: undefined symbol: gegl_buffer_share_storage

So you have locally installed libraries which GIMP uses.
Remove library files by
sudo rm -v /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgegl-0.4.so.0
sudo rm -v /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgegl-npd-0.4.so
sudo rm -v /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbabl-0.1.so.0

and then restart GIMP.


Install custom system image from network server

Quite sure others can come up with something more elegant but...
-Boot the target system into a ubuntu live cd/usb.
-Assigned an IP address.
-Identify the target drive ex) /dev/sdg
-I believe you need to create a root password on the live system.
On the source machine:
(ensure ssh is installed in the live system)
sudo dd if=/home/source.iso bs=4M status=progress | ssh root@liveCDUSB_IPaddress "dd of=/dev/sdg bs=4M"
Or in the other direction (where adding a root password on the live system would not be necessary)
Instead on the live system pull the iso over from the source
sudo ssh user@source_ipaddress "dd if=/home/source.iso bs=4M" | dd of=/dev/sdg bs=4M status=progress
suggest testing with a small file to ensure all the verbiage is correct first...


You could take a look at the additional drivers page,
if you search additional drivers in unity. (Sorry, did not notice you were using Lubuntu, just search for additional drivers.)
There you will come across the different drivers that may be used, which came in handy for me because Ubuntu did not use any driver for my wifi at all.
For me it was just a simple flip from no driver to the broadcom driver.

Hope this will help.


My Elantech touchpad doesn't feel as good as it does in windows 10

Hope I'm not too late.

Have you checked synclient on this?

if you haven't install that (sudo apt install synclient) and show the output.

Mine is something like this.

> synclient
Parameter settings:
LeftEdge                = 129
RightEdge               = 3105
TopEdge                 = 126
BottomEdge              = 2211
FingerLow               = 1
FingerHigh              = 1
MaxTapTime              = 180
MaxTapMove              = 175
MaxDoubleTapTime        = 180
SingleTapTimeout        = 180
ClickTime               = 100
EmulateMidButtonTime    = 0
EmulateTwoFingerMinZ    = 282
EmulateTwoFingerMinW    = 7
VertScrollDelta         = -79
HorizScrollDelta        = -79
VertEdgeScroll          = 1
HorizEdgeScroll         = 0
CornerCoasting          = 0
VertTwoFingerScroll     = 1
HorizTwoFingerScroll    = 0
MinSpeed                = 1
MaxSpeed                = 1.75
AccelFactor             = 0.0501253
TouchpadOff             = 0
LockedDrags             = 0
LockedDragTimeout       = 5000
RTCornerButton          = 2
RBCornerButton          = 3
LTCornerButton          = 0
LBCornerButton          = 0
TapButton1              = 1
TapButton2              = 3
TapButton3              = 2
ClickFinger1            = 1
ClickFinger2            = 3
ClickFinger3            = 0
CircularScrolling       = 0
CircScrollDelta         = 0.1
CircScrollTrigger       = 0
CircularPad             = 0
PalmDetect              = 1
PalmMinWidth            = 10
PalmMinZ                = 200
CoastingSpeed           = 35
CoastingFriction        = 40
PressureMotionMinZ      = 30
PressureMotionMaxZ      = 160
PressureMotionMinFactor = 1
PressureMotionMaxFactor = 1
ResolutionDetect        = 1
GrabEventDevice         = 0
TapAndDragGesture       = 1
AreaLeftEdge            = 0
AreaRightEdge           = 0
AreaTopEdge             = 0
AreaBottomEdge          = 0
HorizHysteresis         = 19
VertHysteresis          = 19
ClickPad                = 1
RightButtonAreaLeft     = 1617
RightButtonAreaRight    = 0
RightButtonAreaTop      = 1916
RightButtonAreaBottom   = 0
MiddleButtonAreaLeft    = 0
MiddleButtonAreaRight   = 0
MiddleButtonAreaTop     = 0
MiddleButtonAreaBottom  = 0

Usually by editing the CoastingSpeed and CoastingFriction you can find the sweet spot. I set mine up to 35 and 40 using:

synclient CoastingSpeed=35
synclient CoastingFriction=40

Save that on a text file and rename it as startup.sh and run it on every startup using Startup Applications.

synclient has lot of other cool options too, you should check it out like three finger tap to be recognized as a middle click, helps pasting stuff and opening new tabs. Middle Click


This is for Lubuntu 18.04.  I have not tried it on the lxqt desktop.

1) Disable light-locker

sudo mv /etc/xdg/autostart/light-locker.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/light-locker.desktop.bak

2) Install xscreensaver

sudo apt install xscreensaver

3) Configure

Set options in xscreensaver-demo
set xscreensaver to autostart options with -nosplash option
In Power Manager/Display set toggle to OFF


Resolution messed up after removing nvidia-driver-390

i have this problem and found answer from here:

create one Intel_more_resolution.sh by this containers:

#!/bin/sh
xrandr --newmode "1600x900_60.00"  118.25  1600 1696 1856 2112  900 903 908 934 -hsync +vsync
xrandr --addmode eDP-1 "1600x900_60.00"
xrandr --output HDMI-1 --off --output DP-1 --off --output eDP-1 --primary  --mode 1600x900_60.00 --pos 0x0 --rotate normal --output HDMI-2 --off

and run sudo chmod 755 Intel_more_resolution.sh & sudo ./Intel_more_resolution.sh and you could see change in resolution.

but it must be done for every time you restart your Linux for better instruction see here.

have a happy day and night.


well, I can not imagine what process of the upgrade should change personal documents, but if you would like to make sure if there was a change use "sha256sum" on you backup of the document and compare the hash with the sha256sum hash of the document in question - if they are different now.


That documentation is actually horribly outdated. Your generated charm is how they were written in juju 1.x. They used symbolic links so the different hooks would link to a general hooks.py file which you have to manually add. The hook files would all end up calling hooks.py.
An example of this kind of charm can be found here.

The new way to create charms is to create layered charms so you avoid writing a lot of duplicate code. To get started install the charm utilities:

sudo snap install charm

Create a charm

charm create

And then follow this documentation for an explanation of these types of charms.


Gestures: Tip Tap and three/four finger click

There is a ruby based project called fusuma (https://github.com/iberianpig/fusuma) that is the closest I got to the macbook trackpad functionalities.

It's not perfect, but it's fairly good.


Color Picker function in many applications doesn't work in Ubuntu 17.10

This is an issue with the default Wayland session in Ubuntu 17.10, it seems this feature is not implemented yet (see this bug report).

As a workaround you may switch back to an Xorg session.


Run the system monitor and see the process.Find out which application uses most of RAM.Try to kill the application which uses most of the RAM (or close it first and use the other as your RAM is only 1GB) if it was opened by yourself(important:dont try to kill system process as it might kill all your system).


Gparted or parted are conventional tools for adding removing and delete partitions.
As long as the disk your partition resided in has not been written to if you create a new partition which mirrors the deleted one then you will get your volume back.
I’ve done similar recoveries of volumes when I accident removed then and the. Recreated them with no I’ll effects other than raised blood pressure.


How to list all configuration files for an already installed package?

There's no need to use anything other than cat, if I understood your intention correctly:

cat /var/lib/dpkg/info/<package>.conffiles

should give you what you're after. For instance for package zsh:

% cat /var/lib/dpkg/info/zsh.conffiles
/etc/zsh/zlogin
/etc/zsh/zlogout
/etc/zsh/zprofile
/etc/zsh/zshenv
/etc/zsh/zshrc
/etc/zsh/newuser.zshrc.recommended

Regarding a case where there's no such file for a given package - it's up to the package maintainer to designate certain files as configuration. If this hasn't been done properly, you should file a bug where appropriate.

In such cases you have a couple of options.

List files belonging to the package that are in /etc/:

dpkg -L package | grep '/etc'

Fetch and inspect the source package to find out how it was compiled (which should also show you where it expects its configuration files to be located).

apt-get source package
less package-x.y.z/debian/rules

Look up the upstream project page to find documentation.


Can't enable integrated webcam with function keys or via BIOS

2 possibilities if you cannot enable the webcam under windows and do not have the exact model number of the webcam: (no, the brand of the laptop doesn't count: we need the brand/model of the webcam itself)

Before you choose one of the solutions, take pictures of all your BIOS screens (or painstakingly write them on a piece of paper, or if you have an IBM-compatible printer, just take a print screen of all the BIOS screens)

Upgrade your BIOS.
Reset BIOS to default factory settings

and then put your BIOS settings back to where they were before doing this, taking care not to touch the webcam settings...

The other possibility (if the above doesn't work and not a software solution) is:

buy a Linux-compatible webcam.


Apparently the installed service is broken. But it works, as stated in my comment above, when you start the server with sudo /etc/init.d/jenkins start.


The siunitx.sty file appears to be part of package texlive-science

$ apt-cache show texlive-science | grep siunitx
  siunitx -- A comprehensive (SI) units package.

You should be able to install it from your package manager of choice, or via the command line using

$ sudo apt-get install texlive-science


couldn't open interfaces file "/etc/network/interfaces when running ifup wlan0

As you can see, your interface is not wlan0; it is wlp5s0. Please amend your file to read:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto wlp5s0
iface wlp5s0 inet dhcp
    wpa-ssid myssidhere
    wpa-psk mypasshere

Restart the interface:

sudo ifdown wlp5s0 && sudo ifup -v wlp5s0

Check:

ping -c3 www.google.com

You may need to correct the permissions of the file:

sudo chmod 644 /etc/network/interfaces

Check again:

sudo ifdown wlp5s0 && sudo ifup -v wlp5s0


How I should proceed to accept translations through the launchpad?

Launchpad translations uses a free software translation system called GNU gettext. This is available as a library for pretty much any programming language you decide to use. Normally, the syntax is something like:

_('String in English')

This will translate the string for the user using their locale. If there is no translation for their locale the English string is used.

There will probably be tools for your specific language to extract these strings to translate from your code and put them in a .pot file. A .pot file contains information about the strings that need to be translated. It can also contains licencing information at the top (this is required to be a BSD licence for use in Launchpad) and comments for the translators.

Once you have your pot file, you should put it in a po/ directory in the root of your source code. The pot file should be named textdomain.pot. When using gettext in your code, you will need to specify the text domain - see the gettext documentation for your programming language for more details. Normally, the text domain is the same as the name of your software package.

Once you have the po/ directory and pot file, you can import them into Launchpad.

In the translations tab of your project you should set Launchpad to manage your translations.

Also, set up the import from your code branch.

Once this is done, translators will be able to translate the strings in your pot file into their language.


Update manager fails to calculate upgrade

Download the updates and see what happens. sudo apt-get upgrade


Why doesn't Nautilus find other locations when gparted is running?

GParted uses various utilities to lock partitions to prevent damage that can be caused if partitions are auto-mounted while GParted is running.

For the exact details, see the gparted invocation script source code.


Probing for devices to install to failed - Ubuntu Server Installation

The 'live' server version has fewer capabilities than the standard installer (but includes 'live' function for other uses that is really useful at times), so I'd suggest trying a different version of Ubuntu 18.04.3 server from https://ubuntu.com/download/server

If you clicked 'download' last time, click the 'alternative downloads' button first for other options...)

The following may also be useful - https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-install-ubuntu-server#0

This is just comments copied from above (that worked)


Gdm3 doesn't start after installing ATI d

It is because of the compatibility problems between your display manager gdm3 and your Graphics driver. Here is a tutorial which explains how to install ATI graphics card drivers without causing an Issue with your display manager : How to Install ATI drivers in debian ?

If you want to boot back in to your machine again, you have to un-install the existing drivers by going to the recovery mode and Un-installing the drivers. [Fix]Gdm3 doesn’t start after installing ATI/AMD drivers in Debian !


Log error of script to a file along with the date and time

You could redirect stderr to a process substitution which processes stderr and outputs the processed lines to the log.

For example, this script will print 5 lines to stdout and 5 lines to stderr, redirecting stderr to a process susbstitution which processes stderr and outputs the processed lines to a file named "log" in the current working directory (mind that the syntax to redirect stderr is exec 2> [...], not 2> [...]):

#!/bin/bash
exec 2> >(perl -pe '$x=`date "+%d %b %Y %H:%M %p"`;chomp($x);$_=$x." ".$_' >log)
for i in {1..5}; do
    sleep 1
    echo "STDOUT message #$i"
    echo "STDERR message #$i" >&2
done
exit 0

The process substitution invokes Perl, which appends the current date and time in that format to each line and outputs them to a file named "log" in the current working directory.

% bash script.sh
STDOUT message #1
STDOUT message #2
STDOUT message #3
STDOUT message #4
STDOUT message #5
% cat log
02 Nov 2015 20:15 PM STDERR message #1
02 Nov 2015 20:15 PM STDERR message #2
02 Nov 2015 20:15 PM STDERR message #3
02 Nov 2015 20:15 PM STDERR message #4
02 Nov 2015 20:15 PM STDERR message #5


Recent upgrade, now it says "no init found" on start up. Solutions posed in other threads not working

If you installed Ubuntu with Wubi, you need to follow the answers here:

Ubuntu is not booting - "No init fount. Try passing init= bootarg." , Install from Windows (Wubi)


Everything is inside the .gconf folder in your home directory

You can run the following command to see which files in that directory contain information about your keybindings:

$~ ls -aR | grep 'gconf.*keybindings'

However, you should ALWAYS search before posting, this question is the same as yours as far as I can tell, and has some good answers.


Need to move 800GB partition to the right to make more space for Ubuntu. How long will it take in your experience?

About 2 hours with a high end HDD. However since you probably want to backup anyway it might be faster to use partclone if the file system is mostly free space.


You can solve this by adding your call into /etc/rc.local so that files contents would look like this afterwards:

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

Examples (use only one, you might need to try which one will work):

# option 1. direct call
/usr/bin/influxd
# option 2. call it from init.d but I'm not sure this will work in your case
/etc/init.d/influxd start

exit 0

With Ubuntu 16.04 LTS you could, as pointed out in the comments, as well have a look at systemd services. I wouldn't be able to explain it better as in the linked doc-sheet so i leave it as link only.


Remove Lines from File which appear in another MD5 File

Here's a little Python script that will do that:

#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import hashlib

with open(sys.argv[2]) as hashfile:
    hashes = set(hashfile.read().splitlines())

with open(sys.argv[1]) as emailfile:
    for email in emailfile:
        email = email.rstrip('\n')
        md5 = hashlib.md5()
        md5.update(email)
        if md5.hexdigest() not in hashes:
            print email

Pass it the names of your files as arguments (e.g., python whatever_name_you_save_it_as.py file_A file_B), and it will print the output you want.


Using mouse in Ubuntu 14.04 Virtual Terminal Inside VMWare

I am not a VMWare user but there could possibly be 3 issues:

Your copy of VMWare could be quite old and suffering a known bug with mouse use
You have set the text display to more than 100%. If so:

Right-click anywhere on the client/host desktop and click Personalize.
Click Display.
Select 100%.

You have incorrectly set the mouse 'grabbing' behaviour that is set in: Edit --> Preferences --> Input

Hopefully attention to these 3 issues will resolve your mouse issues...

References:

Mouse pointer movement within a VMware Workstation virtual machine does not match the mouse position when text display size is increased
Setting Preferences for VMware Workstation


How to install Hasselblad Phocus on Ubuntu 12.04

Unless Hasselblad publishes a version running natively in Ubuntu (don't hesitate to ask them) there is no way to get the proprietary Windows and MacOS only Phocus-software running in near professional usability.
In case you really need this very software (e.g. for Hasselblad specific image processing) you may want to consider running in with Windows in a virtual machine (e.g. Virtual Box). Any windows software can be seamlessly integrated with the Ubuntu desktop but you should not expect it to run as smooth and fast as it did on your non-virtualized Windows machine.

Alternatives:
Gimp
You may already use this powerful image processing software that can (and needs to) be highly customized with a variety of plugins including an ufraw plugin for RAW image import (supported cameras are listed on the ufraw project page).

Darktable
This ambitious software is aimed at the need of photographers. There are many features including RAW image processing (but I have no experience if Hasselblad is supported, if not then do ask the developers if this can be made possible).

As Darktable is very actively developed you may want to consider installing more recent stable versions with additional features and bugfixes by adding the following ppa maintained by the developers to your sources:

ppa:pmjdebruijn/darktable-release-plus


WINE giving a black screen on Precise Pangolin

That happens to me too sometimes.

In my case I just close or exit the wine application by pressing Alt+F4. If that doesn't close wine, try pressing CTRL+ALT+F1 to switch to console mode and kill wine from there.


How to run an apk in the chromium browser using a plugin?

To install and run an APK via this extension, you can use its built in file browser.
First click the extension icon in your toolbar and choose "My apk manager & apk upload".
On the page that opens is a small blue upload arrow, click it

Choose browse and provide it your apk, it will start to upload.
Once it is finished the apk will appear in the library view (just above the upload arrow)

Now you can click on the run apk option to run your apk on the emulator. You must open the app draw in the emulator and click on you installed app to run it.


guvcview can't capture video. Ubuntu 12.10

I had this problem also, if you go into your audio settings you can change which device uses the microphone.If you are using a webcam with a built in microphone be sure that it is selected in the audio settings. That ended up being my problem anyway, Hopefully that helps.


I already have a natty-desktop-amd64.iso downloaded and on my system. How can I tell vmbuilder to use it?

When you run vmbuilder <hypervisor> ubuntu --help it output an help page in which I read

--iso=PATH          Use an iso image as the source for installation of file. Full path to the iso must be provided. If --mirror is also provided, it
                    will be used in the final sources.list of the vm.  This requires suite and kernel parameter to match what is available on the iso,
                    obviously.

I'm not tried it, though.


Can I create a dedicated partition for GParted and launch from GRUB?

With grub2, you can use its loopmount command to directly boot ISO anywhere.
Issues often are in setting correct drive & partition for grub to find ISO. Even with my sdb drive, sometimes having flash drive plugged in changed drive to hd2, not the hd1 it should be. So then I have to manually edit entries.

I have had ISO in their own partition, in /boot as another folder or just about anywhere.

Lots of details & second link has many examples of ISO booting.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot/Examples

Older example of flash drive with BIOS boot configuration:

Multi-partition multi OS bootable USB

This also works with UEFI, if you boot into grub2 using UEFI to then install in UEFI mode.

Be sure to use the toram boot parameter. The question on unmounting does not seem to work and only using toram does.


Cannot move / copy files between panes in Nemo after update

So, here we go:

First we have to install the DConf Editor

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

Search for dconf in Unity and run it.

Navigate to  org--> nemo --> preferences.

Tick the context-menus-show-all-actions item.

Restart Nemo by either right-clicking its' Launcher icon and clicking Quit, or entering killall nemo in a terminal window.

It is also possible to do it in a terminal window with a one liner:

gsettings set org.nemo.preferences context-menus-show-all-actions true


'sudo su -' vs 'sudo -i' vs 'sudo /bin/bash' - when does it matter which is used, or does it matter at all?

To explain this you need to know what the programs do:

su - The command su is used to switch to another user (s witch u ser), but you can also switch to the root user by invoking the command with no parameter. su asks you for the password of the user to switch, after typing the password you switched to the user's environment.
sudo - sudo is meant to run a single command with root privileges. But unlike su it prompts you for the password of the current user. This user must be in the sudoers file (or a group that is in the sudoers file). By default, Ubuntu "remembers" your password for 15 minutes, so that you don't have to type your password every time.
bash - A text-interface to interact with the computer. It's important to understand the difference between login, non-login, interactive and non-interactive shells:

Types of shells:

login shell: A login shell logs you into the system as a specified user, necessary for this is a username and password. When you hit ctrl+alt+F1 to login into a virtual terminal you get after successful login a login shell.
non-login shell: A shell that is executed without logging in, necessary for this is a currently logged-in user. When you open a graphic terminal in gnome it is a non-login shell.
interactive shell: A shell (login or non-login) where you can interactively type or interrupt commands. For example a gnome terminal.
non-interactive shell: A (sub)shell that is probably run from an automated process. You will see neither input nor output.

So the cases are:

sudo su Calls sudo with the command su. Bash is called as interactive non-login shell. So bash only executes .bashrc. You can see that after switching to root you are still in the same directory:

user@host:~$ sudo su
root@host:/home/user#

sudo su - This time it is a login shell, so /etc/profile, .profile and .bashrc are executed and you will find yourself in root's home directory with root's environment.
sudo -i It is nearly the same as sudo su - The -i (simulate initial login) option runs the shell specified by the password database entry of the target user as a login shell.  This means that login-specific resource files such as .profile, .bashrc or .login will be read and executed by the shell.
sudo /bin/bash This means that you call sudo with the command /bin/bash. /bin/bash is started as non-login shell so all the dot-files are not executed, but bash itself reads .bashrc of the calling user. Your environment stays the same. Your home will not be root's home. So you are root, but in the environment of the calling user.
sudo -s reads the $SHELL variable and executes the content. If $SHELL contains /bin/bash it invokes sudo /bin/bash (see above).

Check:

To check if you are in a login shell or not (works only in bash because shopt is a builtin command):

shopt -q login_shell && echo 'Login shell' || echo 'No login shell'


Cannot connect to internet through DAP-1650

From @chili555's linked answer, the bcmwl-kernel-source package isn't always the right driver for the 14e4:4727.

I ran these commands

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo modprobe -r wl
sudo modprobe brcmsmac

and my problem was fixed.


Determine if Fn + Key can be made to produce keycode if xev provides none

Use showkey --scancodes at a text (non-X) console.

My laptop doesn't have a different scancode when using Fn, so I resorted to using the windows key instead.


I couldn't find anything in the documentation, but from reading the code I saw that you can enable crash reports for unpackaged binaries by creating a file called ~/.config/apport/settings with the content:

[main]
unpackaged=true


You have NO swap!
$ free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:        3981820      202180     3600504         852      179136     3565116
Swap:             0           0           0

Let's create a /swapfile...
Note: Incorrect use of the dd command can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=4096

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm 4G RAM and 4G swap

Confirm this line in /etc/fstab... and confirm no other “swap” lines...
/swapfile    none    swap    sw      0   0

reboot                    # reboot and verify operation

Update #1:
I did some investigation into issue and found that the problem I was having when I was approaching the limit of free memory actually was that the program was hitting open file limit, so I ended up fixing that. Adding/removing swap didn't make any difference, neither did running a cronjob that would clean the memory.


"sudo apt-get upgrade" Failure in 'bind9'

I have it's solution.

It is actually Vim Text Editor showing change-logs.

SO, if I just quit vim using q then I am done :)


I have a new Netgear Router with a WD 1T external drive that I cannot see

Try with installing common WiFi drivers in ubuntu.

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree


Ubuntu 14.04 not booting before Windows 8.1

I've faced a similar problem with another HP notebook.

The problem is that even if you change the EFI boot order permanently (with command: "efibootmgr -0", for example), your change will be overwritten each time you boot Windows.

To workaround the problem, I had to install rEFInd manually.

Then, I've located the default EFI boot loader (.efi), backed it up and replaced it by the one from rEFInd (renamed) [don't forget to copy other folders and files pertaining to rEFInd in the same folder]. I don't remember which one was the default EFI boot loader and I can't check on the computer since it is owned by one of my customers.

WARNING : If you have to apply that tricky workaround, please ensure that you can boot on the normal installation of rEFInd via the boot menu before, so that you can easily revert the changes in case of problem or if you change your mind in the future!!!!!

rEFInd manual installation procedure is available here: http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#linux

For a clear example for changing EFI boot order permanently with efibootmgr (will probably not work on your computer, as stated above, however I highly recommend to try that first), please take a look at this post from Rod Smith (the creator of rEFInd).

It seems that the renaming trick is now fully documented on the official Web site of rEFInd : http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#naming, http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#manual_renaming

rEFInd is really user-friendly (once installed) and allows to workaround such poor EFI implementations.

Step by step, failsafe approach

Trying to change UEFI boot order with efibootmgr

Under Ubuntu, open a terminal and install "efibootmgr", if it is not already installed, by using the following command:

sudo apt-get install efibootmgr
Retrieve EFI boot order and entries with the command:

sudo efibootmgr -v

Notes:

BootCurrent: 0002 (indicates the UEFI boot entry used for booting).

BootOrder: 0002,0003,0001,0000 (indicates the UEFI boot order defined).

Boot000x* (represents one boot entry. It is followed by its name, HD and EFI file. All the boot entries are listed below "BootOrder").
Define the new boot order with the command:

sudo efibootmgr -o 0001,0002,0000,0003

In the command above, I suppose that Ubuntu entry is 0001, Windows is 0002, Recovery is 0000, Diagnostics is 0003. Of course, you may have more or less entries and/or wish to setup a different order. I suggest that you copy the "BootOrder" value from the command "sudo efibootmgr -v" and adapt it as you want. Then check the result of the command.
Check again the "BootOrder" with the command used at step 2.
Restart your computer properly and check that the system boots the expected (first) entry of the new boot order (here, Ubuntu). If it works, restart and try to boot Windows (via UEFI menu), then restart the computer again and check that Ubuntu is still booted by default. If it works as expected, you're done! The EFI implementation is correct and you don't need to do anything more. If not, jump to the next solution.

Installing and configuring rEFInd

Disable Secure Boot feature in your BIOS, if it is not already done, in order to avoid extra complications;
Under Ubuntu, Download the binary ZIP file of rEFInd from this page: http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/getting.html;
Unzip the ZIP archive;
Open a terminal and move to the folder where the archive files have been extracted (the command should look like: cd ~/Downloads/refind-bin-0.8.1/);
Follow the steps (1 to 6) described here: http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#linux. Your architecture is very probably x86-64, so use rm refind_ia32.efi at step 3;
Edit the configuration file (refind.conf). Simply use sudo nano ./refind.conf or sudo -i gedit ./refind.conf. I'm assuming that the current directory is still rEFInd's directory on the ESP. You will be very interested in "timeout" (value like: 1) and "default_selection" (value like: Ubuntu) parameters to configure automatic boot to Ubuntu.
Restart the computer, use the UEFI boot menu for launching rEFInd and checking that its configuration fulfil your needs. If not, start Ubuntu and edit refind.conf in its directory on the ESP and repeat this step until the settings fit all your requirements. Please check that you can boot Ubuntu and Windows as well from rEFInd (longer timeout value may help).
Identify which EFI file is used by default by your system and locate its folder on the ESP (It might be something like "EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi" or else). Don't forget the command sudo efibootmgr -v which can be very helpful to get this information.
Copy the content of the refind folder on the ESP in the folder of the default EFI file identified at step 7 ("EFI/Microsoft/Boot/" in the example). You can even use command sudo -i nautilus if you are not very familiar with the command line. Assuming that the ESP is mounted at /boot/efi, you can use the following command : sudo cp -r /boot/efi/EFI/refind/* /boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/. Don't forget to adapt the destination path as required.
Rename default EFI file ("bootmgfw.efi" in the example) in "bootmgfw.bak" (sudo mv bootmgfw.efi bootmgfw.bak, if you are in the right folder. You can use cd /boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/ to switch to that folder [I'm still assuming that ESP is mounted at "/boot/efi" and that the relative path to the default EFI file is "EFI/Microsoft/Boot/"]);
Rename rEFInd EFI file ("refind_x64.efi") as the default EFI file (here, "bootmgfw.efi"). Use sudo mv refind_x64.efi bootmgfw.efi, if you are in the right folder.
Restart your computer and if everything is OK, you're done! If something goes wrong, you can still use UEFI boot menu to launch rEFInd, boot Ubuntu and revert the changes made in steps 8 to 10.


The firefox by itself is MathML-capable, but not LaTeX.
The LaTeX in usually visualized by JavaScript libraries like MathJax or KaTeX. See comparison as example. If you see equations on this page then your browser have loaded JavaScript libraries and executed their code normally.
You have to check that JavaScript is enabled on your Firefox and that it loaded all js-files fully and successfully.


Grub loader not appearing on boot when dual booting with Windows 7

Try to show the Grub menu

Hold down the
   Shift key as the computer attempts to boot to display the GRUB 2
   menu. In certain circumstances, if holding the Shift key method does
   not display the menu pressing the Esc key repeatedly may display the
   menu.

If that doesn't work, then Grub somehow got removed or corrupted. Use Boot Repair to reinstall and fix it.

Boot Repair

Live CD

First, you'll need to boot from a Ubuntu Live CD.

Repair the bootloader

To restore the Grub bootloader, follow these steps.

Open a terminal from the Live CD, and run the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair
boot-repair

After a few seconds, Boot Repair's main window will open.

Click on Recommended repair.

You're done!

Reboot to test everything out.

If everything went well, you should be up and running by now.


With the amount of information you have provided I can give you only two suggestions:

Make sure that you have exported the JAR file correctly - it needs to be exported as a runnable JAR & have a main class specified in the Manifest
Try running it via "java -jar test.jar"


How to full remove a package from the LXTerminal session

To remove the installed dependencies after removing AirTime, run

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge

This command removes all automatically installed packages, that are not longer needed.


Although it's already given an answer I want to share what worked for me, using Ubuntu 14.04:

sudo apt-get install tsocks

Then open /etc/tsocks.conf and add your server to server and port to server_port, also add your socks server's range as local, like

Example if your ip address is 90.70.60.5 then write:

local = 90.70.60.0/255.255.255.0 (Note the .0 as the last part in ip address)

Now try:

sudo tsocks apt-get update (or whatever apt-get command)

If it doesn't work using sudo, log in directly as root like:

sudo su

Then try again:

tsocks apt-get update

I was behind a socks 5 server to reach a download link I didn't have access from my own computer, and it worked flawlessly.

Note: With this I didn't have to use "Acquire" stuff in /etc/apt/apt.conf