Why is setting alias in .profile not working?

There are two related reasons why aliases don't always work when put in the .profile file.  The first is that the .profile (or .bash_profile) file is only run for a login shell.  If you are starting bash in a terminal window under X, your terminal emulator (e.g. gnome-termanl) probably isn't running bash as a login shell. [Most have an option to change this if you want but the default (for gnome-termal anyway) is not to run it as a login shell.]
The shell will be an interactive shell and so .bashrc will be run.

However, normally bash has been run as a login shell back when the X session was being started.  So if there are alias commands in .profile they will have been executed along with setting environment variables like the PATH etc. When a terminal window is opened a new instance of bash is run to prompt for, and execute commands in that terminal window.  Unlike environment variables, aliases can not be exported from one instance of bash to a new one started by it.  So the aliases are not passed on to the new shell.

To see this, try this experiment:

export ROBERT=bob
alias james=jimmy
echo $ROBERT
alias james
bash               #start a new bash instance
echo $ROBERT
alias james
exit               #end the new bash instance and revert to the original one
echo $ROBERT
alias james

Note that .bashrc is not run by bash when it is started as a login shell.  So putting your aliases there won't always work unless your .bashrc is sourced from your .profile, which is a very common practice.


gnome-shell using most of CPU in VirtualBox

GNOME Shell requires 3D acceleration, so you need to have that enabled in
the VM settings (look for a checkbox for 3D Acceleration in the Display tab of
the VM settings):

In addition, you need to install the Guest Additions.

Once both are done (and the OS rebooted), GNOME Shell CPU usage goes down
considerably when window management isn't actively being used:

However, the GNOME Shell interface still feels laggy and jerky. Finally, make
sure RAM and Video Memory is set properly - should be 4096 MB and 128 MB
respectively.


Nautilus launchers stopped working properly

Remove the 9th line in your .desktop - "OnlyShowIn=Gnome;Unity;", then probably do a log out/in


You need to keep track of which table has which chain. You created the REDSOCKS chain within the nat table, so you would need to specify that when you want to list the rules. So, instead of this:
sudo iptables -nL

do this:
sudo iptables -t nat -nL


Thunderbird profile on Ubuntu and windows 7

This is not a real solution!

I moved my profile to my windows OS drive. Reset my Thunderbird profiles in windows and Ubuntu to point to the new profile location and it is working perfectly (though the windows OS drive have to be mounted).

Still no idea why it is not working on my Data drive...


Burn bootable cd, or create bootable usb.
go to the bios and change boot order so your computer first boot cd or usb, then in installation window chose "something else" there you can format all your hard drives and install ubuntu.


This is perfectly normal behaviour.

When entering a password into a Linux text-user-interface, no characters are visible, despite the fact that your are actually entering your password.

So; enter your password and press Enter - you should now login successfully.


can my 2 GB sd card be used as ram like in windows 7?

If I am correct you need to format it as a swap partition:

Plug in the SD card.
If Ubuntu automounts the device, unmount the device.
Use sudo mkswap /dev/sda1 (assuming /dev/sda1 is you SD card)
Do sudo swapon -p 32767 /dev/sda1 (again assuming /dev/sda1 is you SD card)

and that should do the job

You can check this by typing cat /proc/swaps into a terminal and you should see you device listed (/dev/sda1)


I also had the same problem with a fresh install of Ubuntu 20.04 on my desktop with Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 630 graphic card and 2 Iiyama North America 27'' screens (see the attached image to have a feeling of the flickering I was experiencing).
My problem has been solved simply (thanks to Daniel Van Vugt, https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xorg/+bug/1883534) by using Wayland display server on the logging screen: click your profile > click the white weel in lower right corner > choose 'Ubuntu on Wayland'.
This change replaces the use of the xorg display server which seems to make a lot of arguing on the web. I have to admit that explaining exactly why this solves the problem is a bit out of my league, but I let this to other linux experts in the community. You can also find deeper technical explanations of xorg/wayland by following these links:
Why is Wayland better?
https://www.secjuice.com/wayland-vs-xorg/


i install ubuntu 12.4 and i have no screen saver

Sure you'll not find since there is by default anyway to get some screensaver just follow this tutorial. It's for 12.04 but i think it will work fine for 12.10


Well, from what you told us, it should be working perfectly... That is if the partition it's stored on supports unix/posix style permissions. I run into this error all the time if I try to run a script from a vfat or ntfs partition. Considering it's mounted in a location called work, is this on a USB drive with fat or ntfs formatted partition? If it is, you have to prefix the shell before the script. Check the partition, and that might be the issue. Move it to your home directory, and it might run easily, on a filesystem that supports unix/posix permissions.

Check if that's the case:

mount |grep nisheet

Does is say vfat, fuseblock or ntfs? If so...

Two options:

Prefix the shell in front of the script to run:

bash abc.sh

Move it to a filesystem that supports Unix/Posix permissions:

Ex:

mv abc.sh ~/
cd ~
chmod +x abc.sh
./abc.sh


This is related to lack of System V IPC in the kernel.

If you have the config file used to build the kernel, you can check for it; for example, in stock Ubuntu at the moment (the config filename will change depending on your exact version)

grep CONFIG_SYSVIPC /boot/config-3.0.0-13-generic

Gives:

CONFIG_SYSVIPC=y

(amongst other things, but that's the important one).

In some kernels, you can also check /proc/config.gz if CONFIG_IKCONFIG_PROC is turned on; that gives you a gzipped dump of the currently running kernel's option (so use zgrep on it). Ubuntu's stock kernels don't have this turned on but you're unlikely to need it with those because the packages give you the config file anyway.

The solution: use the stock Ubuntu kernel (it's really quite good and has pretty much everything compiled in that you're ever likely to need) - or rebuild your custom kernel with this turned on.


How to reply to from popup Pidgin notification message itself in unity?

Unity's notification are unobtrusive & can not be interacted with. Unity provide messaging menu (indicator-messages) for that purpose.

First you need to install the package pidgin-libnotify.

Run:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pidgin-libnotify

Now open pidgin add a account & enable libnotify plugin from Pidgin->Tools->plugins

Then it will appear under messaging menu (as shown in the image) & keep running in background even if you close the main window.

When your contacts sends a message, the indicator will turn blue & you will see your contact under pidgin sub-menu (as shown in the picture). Click on that & it will open the contact with latest message.

DONE!


Since you make your /home on other partition that the / partition then you ARE NOT going to lost the data unless you will format the /home which you are not going to do.

Just when you format your PC just format the / partition and don't touch the /home partition then you'll be safe.

Ubuntu Community says:
Setting up /home on a separate partition is beneficial because your settings, files, and desktop will be maintained if you upgrade, (re)install Ubuntu or another distro. This works because /home has a subdirectory for each user's settings and files which contain all the data & settings of that user. Also, fresh installs for linux typically like to wipe whatever partition they are being installed to so either the data & settings need to be backed-up elsewhere or else avoid the fuss each time by having /home on a different partition.

You can read more about here


Is Suspend (S3) supported on the Nexus 7?

Suspend is currently supported from the system indicator. However, it does not currently work from the power menu, as there is an upstream bug here:


The official openstack install guide for Newton is supposed to be the best documentation. If you think it is not, feel free to join us and improve it :)
Notice that the latest version at the moment is Newton, not liberty

Sure. You can even install an All-in-one OpenStack on a single machine, so your architecture is more than enough to get started. You could for example, use one of the computers as a controller, and the other two as compute nodes. or even install another compute node on the controller.
If you run into difficulties, maybe you can use some of the tools that automate the steps described in there. For example training-labs (on VMs) or BOMSI (which can generate self installing ISOs). I recommend you to start by running one of those (or some other installer) and getting a feeling of what OpenStack does, before starting with the installation.


icon scaling seems to work partially on a dell 4k display. I'm using ubuntu 14.04

I can offer you no improvement in the situation. But I have an explanation for you. The 4K technology is relatively new. On the other hand your system is relatively old. If you want to improve the situation, then you must use newer software versions. A first step is to update your system to Vivid or to Wily in some days. And then the application developers are required. The individual applications have to be adjusted.

I'm sure, in the coming months, your problem will gradually solve itself.


For the Desktop Issue use these commands,

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get remove ubuntu-desktop unity -y
sudo apt-get purge ubuntu-desktop unity -y
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop -y
sudo apt-get upgrade -y
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y
sudo apt-get autoclean -y
sudo reboot

As for your USB, go on someone else's computer, Install UNetBootIN and Burn the ISO


Why doesn't removing "recently-used.xbel" clear my "Recent" folder?

Restarting Nautilus didn't work, logging out and back in (oddly) didn't work, but restarting the computer did the trick. I'm curious to find out whether this was just a fluke or if I have to reboot every time I want to clear the "Recent" folder.


Ubuntu terminal copy line number N from one file to another

You can use sed (stream editor) to selectively print lines by number e.g.

sed -n '7,9p;17,18p' oldfile > newfile


Text selection CTRL+SHIFT+Cursor Keys in shell?

The only way I know to select text from a shell without using the mouse is using GNU screen.

Quick tutorial:

Note: All GNU Screen commands are of the form:  Ctrl+A followed by another key or combination

Install GNU Screen: sudo apt-get install screen
Open screen: screen (or screen myprog my args here)
Run your program, producing the output you want copied
Enter copy mode: Ctrl+A [
Move the cursor to a starting point and hit Enter to start selecting
Move the cursor to the ending point and hit Enter to finish selection
Paste with Ctrl+A ]

Read more:

How do I copy text from the program "screen" to my clipboard?
GNU Screen Survival Guide - Stackoverflow
How do I copy text from my xterm without a mouse - Stackoverflow


GRUB screen freezes after installing Ubuntu dual boot with Windows

So, I seem to have fixed my own problem. I was under the impression that Legacy boot should be off, but after enabling it, the issue seems to have disappeared. I haven't noticed any other adverse effects since.


After Upgrading from 18.04 to 18.10 the right dock background color remains black, can't set to transparency mode

I think in 18.10 they have introduced "Yaru" some new themeing style.
by default this dock is themed by #1d1d1d color under /* Yaru Dock styling */
you need it to make it to none or any color you want.

to do so, run the below command in terminal.

sudo -H gedit /etc/alternatives/gdm3.css # change the gedit if you use any other editor.

go to line number 2212 background: #1d1d1d;

#dashtodockContainer.shrink.left #dash,
#dashtodockContainer.dashtodock.left #dash,
#dashtodockContainer.shrink.right #dash,
#dashtodockContainer.dashtodock.right #dash {
  background: #1d1d1d;
  padding-top: 2px;
  padding-bottom: 2px; }

change the line background: #1d1d1d; to background: none;

so that it looks like

#dashtodockContainer.shrink.left #dash,
#dashtodockContainer.dashtodock.left #dash,
#dashtodockContainer.shrink.right #dash,
#dashtodockContainer.dashtodock.right #dash {
  background: none;
  padding-top: 2px;
  padding-bottom: 2px; }

In the same way go to line number 2150 & 2156 and change the value to none

#dashtodockContainer.opaque {
  /* Only alpha value is used */
  background-color: none;
  border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  transition-duration: 500ms; }

#dashtodockContainer.transparent {
  /* Only alpha value is used */
  background-color: none;
  border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  transition-duration: 500ms; }

Save the file & Close.

run these 3 commands in terminal

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock customize-alphas true
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock max-alpha 0.00000000001
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock min-alpha 0.00000000001

Reboot to see the change.

Still there is a Black Color Border visible,
you can change it by line number 1292 either none or any valid preferred color.


From LFS guide:

  LFS is usually installed on a dedicated partition. The recommended
  approach to building an LFS system is to use an available empty
  partition or, if you have enough unpartitioned space, to create one

So after you have made partitions using tools such as GParted or fdisk, you'll have to create filesystem on the that partition (possibly ext4 and swap) using mkfs.

Where to mount?

Now, you can mount the parition anywhere you like, but if you are following the LFS book it will be easier for you if you mount the new parition at /mnt/lfs.

Read chapters 2.2 to 2.5 in the LFS book. It is described nicely there.


Difference between kernel 4.15.0-42-generic and 4.15.0-29-generic in Ubuntu 18.04

The problem is that you installed CUDA manually instead of using apt-get or apt.

When you install drivers and other stuff manually and the kernel gets updated using apt or apt-get, apt and apt-get won't know what needs to be updated unless it is DKMS.

To avoid this problem, you can use apt or apt-get to do the installation instead of installing stuff manually.

Run the following commands to install using apt:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-dev nvidia-cuda-toolkit nvidia-nsight

If you installed your nvidia drivers manually as well, please comment to let me know and I will add additional instructions.

Please post any errors, thanks.

SOURCE:
click here for more info


The syntax of cp (copy command in Terminal) from man cp is as following:

NAME
       cp - copy files and directories

SYNOPSIS
       cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
       cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
       cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...

DESCRIPTION
       Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.

Insert your DVD and open your file manager and open the DVD by clicking on its name under devices:

Then press Ctrl+L to getting its mountpoint(source path) and copy it.

Now open Terminal(use Ctrl+Alt+T) and type following:

cp -R /media/USERNAME/DVDNAME/* ~/ANIL/

Just replace USERNAME with your real username and DVDNAME(in my case it's 211+6211) with yours. And also in above command your ANIL directory located in your Home directoy.

See also here


Display the name of all files with home directory which is smaller (in size) than 10 KB but bigger than 5 KB

A command to do this is ...

find . -type f -size +5c -size -10c

where . searches from the directory you start the command.
-type f will find files and not directories
-size +5c means larger than 5 bytes.
-size -10c means smaller than 10 bytes.


The problem is that you did not use the correct filename.
The system told you that: No such file or directory
WRONG:   root@ubuntu:/# grep -i selinux /boot/config-5.8.0-
CORRECT: root@ubuntu:/# grep -i selinux /boot/config-5.8.0-50-generic


Can't remotely connect to Ubuntu server 14.04

Okay. Here's the basics of networking and your problem:

You have a local network behind your router, and your brother has a local network behind his. Each one of your local networks are, well, local to you. You are completely isolated from each other. Your server's IP address is 10.0.0.17, right? So if your brother tries to ping that IP, he'll be trying to ping a machine on his network that has that IP. But since he doesn't, he gets a "host not found" error.

If you want to make him be able to connect to your server from outside your network, you'll have to do something on your router called "port forwarding". Right now, your router has a public IP address, say 1.2.3.4. Now this IP, your brother can probably reach, because it's a public IP address. What you'll have to do is go into your router and tell it "hey, if someone reaches you at port 22 (so if someone reaches 1.2.3.4 on port 22), forward that connection internally to 10.0.0.17 on port 22". So you'd be telling your router to forward that connection to your server. That's what "port forwarding" is, and that's what you have to do to make your server accessible from the internet. When you do this, your brother can connect to 1.2.3.4 using SSH and it should work.

Notes:

This all depends on whether your router supports this, but it most likely does. Read this for more information on port forwarding: http://portforward.com/help/portforwarding.htm.
Your server is not exposed to the internet, the outside world. The outside world is pretty dark, so you have to make sure that you have strong passwords and an up-to-date server (yup, that's why people say we have to update to be secure).

In any case, your problem is not Ubuntu related, and AskUbuntu is certainly not the place to find out how to do port forwarding on your router.


I was able to make a win usb disk and installed windows.  Then I installed elementary again (no more ubuntu after this install, thank you).
I think what happened was that I had deleted a partition that was necessary for the uefi booting procedure as part of the full wipe, or maybe the windows boot manager which was deleted for the very first time, even though I had a pure linux machine for 8 or so months..  Installing Windows put that back together for me and I could boot without a boot looping cycle.

Then, while installing eOS, instead of doing a full wipe (something I have never done on my machine before until the ubuntu install), I did a "something else" and reformatted the partition where windows was and made that root partition.  After that, I needed to use boot-repair to make my grub show up, which is often normal.  In retrospect, I think it would have been good to do boot repair first before anything else.  But I think that the full wipe deleted the partitions I needed.  Any comments are welcome.  The BIOS was fine which I suspected was the BIOS bug.


Here's what you should do:

Don't worry about that /media/F866CF6F66CF2CE6 mount point. Instead create a NEW ONE(see point 1)

sudo mkdir /media/*your user name*/newmountpoint
Now, write sudo mount -t "ntfs" -ro "uhelper=udisks2,nodev,nosuid,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=0077,fmask=0177" "/dev/sda3" "/media/*your user name*/newmountpoint"
The important point here is that you mount it as -ro (read-only), and create a new mount point for mounting your Windows drive. No need to install any extra package to mount ntfs file systems and all.

It worked for me. Hope it works for you too.


installing software without sudo locally

If you're installing software for all users, in other words writing in system area, you will always need the sudo password (unless the configuration is changed for you by an admin). However, If you want to use your own software, you have several options.

Compile and build the software from source and installing it in userspace.
Finding portable versions of softwares

For portable applications, You can have a look AppImages.

Usually they contain the dependencies within themselves, thus making it good for a single file package format. You download an application and run it by double clicking it. No need to install. Another advantage is, most of the time you will get the latest version of an application which is not yet available in Ubuntu repositories.

The downside of these applications are they are usually bigger in size. Another is they can't always integrate well with the existing system. They run from a separate isolated environment. As a result, often when you want to save files, the default location shown would be different from your home directory. Another sad news is, only the popular GUI applications are available in this format.

Here are some AppImage applications for example

Clementine
Brackets
Chromium


Is it possible to create a folder shortcut in Kubuntu?

Suppose you want a link in ~/Desktop/ to this folder:
~/Documents/my-project/

You can do this with dolphin like so:

Navigate Dolphin to ~/Desktop.

Right-click → "Create New" → "Link to Location (URL)..."

In the "File name" field, enter "my-project.desktop"

In the "Enter link to location (URL)" field, click the folder icon ("Open file dialog") and navigate to ~/Documents/my-project, then click "Open".

Click "OK".

This will create a link to the folder on the desktop that looks like this:

Double-clicking it will open Dolphin to this path:
~/Documents/my-project/

You can also move this desktop file to any other directory and it will work just the same.
The contents of the text file are:
[Desktop Entry]
Icon=folder
Type=Link
URL[$e]=file:$HOME/Documents/my-project/

This is an example of a Link-type desktop file,
which is part of a FreeDesktop standard.
If you want to ensure it works the same on other desktops,
open it in a text editor and add a Name field
and change the URL field to a standard file:// URL:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=my-project
Icon=folder
Type=Link
URL=file:///home/my-user-name/Documents/my-project/


Ubuntu 18.04.1 can not install VirtualBox-6.0

Adding some repositories and installing the missing dependencies worked for me:

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo add-apt-repository multiverse
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic contrib"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install libpng16-16 libqt5core5a libqt5printsupport5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5x11extras5
sudo apt-get install virtualbox-6.0

Based on this answer:
Virtual Box 5.1.22 Installation Failure


ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) remotely access

I had a similar problem and followed this link successfully .


Only allow websites to use already installed fonts and not download their own in Firefox

Given your username, I'm surprised you aren't using NoScript (emphasis mine):

  While its primary aim is preventing malicious JavaScript from running,
  NoScript effectively blocks Java™, Silverlight™, Flash®, and other
  plugins and embeddings (such HTML video/audio elements and
  downloadable fonts) on sites you haven't explicitly whitelisted.


HP Spectre x360: no sound with internal speakers and no bluetooth on Ubuntu 20.04

In my case, I got sound temporary by run this more than once.
sudo hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x01 SET_GPIO_DIR 0x01
sudo hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x01 SET_GPIO_MASK 0x01
sudo hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x01 SET_GPIO_DATA 0x01
sudo hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x01 SET_GPIO_DATA 0x00

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/HP_Spectre_x360_(2020)#Audio
My bluetooth works well from the beginning.


How do I reinstall/reset the AMD video driver from CLI in Ubuntu 19.10?

https://www.amd.com/en/support/kb/release-notes/rn-rad-lin-19-10-unified and https://amdgpu-install.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ explain the installation process for https://www.amd.com/en/support/graphics/radeon-rx-vega-series/radeon-rx-vega-series/radeon-rx-vega-56

Don't use the Pro drivers; although you download the package which has them, you will instead install the PAL variant (since you have the Vega 11) of the Open-GL drivers by running the ./amdgpu-install script after downloading and extracting the driver archive file as per https://amdgpu-install.readthedocs.io/en/latest/install-script.html .


Start gnome-shell from another session/terminal/user

Please try

$ DISPLAY=:0 gnome-shell

Also you should take a look at your ~/.xsession-errors, finding out as to why gnome-shell crashed. Maybe you can even do a backtrace and report a bug.


Why does Ubuntu need to reboot so often?

I guess you are referring to the latest update.

It included a package called linux-firmware which is a package that provides firmware used by the Linux kernel drivers so it was a kernel related update.

So to answer your question or better to correct that statement, Ubuntu doesn't need to be restarted on every update but just on updates which are related to kernel stuff.


Driver support for Lenovo X1 Carbon (3rd Gen) in Ubuntu

It works with Ubuntu 14.10 fine. There are some button problems that are being worked out. I've heard some stuff about external monitor issues, but haven't tested it. I'm typing this to you from my 3rd Get X1 Carbon now. It is a beautiful machine. The more I use it the more I find myself fond of it.

I'm dual-booting and had no problems setting that up. Bluetooth, wireless, suspend and all that are working. It has some hardware hibernation thing which I understand doesn't work, but suspend is fine for my purposes. I don't see much of a difference for my workflow.

I've not seen the graphical issues that are reported around the web. That may be I have a different screen or it may be solved at this point.

Current recorded Bug I know of:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1414930

Screen brightness is the other issue I'd really like to see fixed.

EDIT: Screen brightness adjustments are simply solved by loading the thinkpad_acpi module. It isn't detected properly apparently.

EDIT2: The BIOS "Deep Sleep" is working. This appears to be a hibernate equivalent that is entirely BIOS related. I can't figure out what the Ubuntu report means that identifies this as a problem.

Also, I forgot to mention, to get dual booting, I had to turn off "Secure Boot" in the BIOS or windows would fail to start from GRUB after I installed Ubuntu. As soon as I turned that off, Windows 8.1 was working great again in its shrunk partition.


To change directory you use the command cd

e.g cd /home/jbander/Downloads

To list the directory use the commmand ls

If you want to change name on a file you use

mv oldFile newFile


Evolution calendar misbehaving (vertical space issue)

Unfortunately, I have experienced this bug as well, ever since the early Maverick beta stages.
This is an old bug (see here on the Launchpad), which isn't solved at the moment. A possible "workaround" is to launch Evolution in Express mode with evolution --express


Recently I stumbled on this problem and after some investigation it turned out that /etc/dhcp/dhcp.conf needed a block to be added, (or uncommented,) similar to this:

alias {   interface "eth0";
fixed-address 10.1.1.1;
option subnet-mask 255.0.0.0; }

Hope this helps!

Regards,   Glendon Gross


Can't upgrade ubuntu server from 10.04 LTS to 12.04 LTS

To upgrade Ubuntu 10.04 server to 12.04

First make sure that you have the latest updates

sudo apt-get update & sudo apt-get upgrade

Install update-manager-core

sudo apt-get install update-manager-core

Edit /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades and set Prompt=lts

Launch the upgrade tool, and follow the on-screen instructions:

sudo do-release-upgrade -d

Source: http://library.linode.com


How to find out what this error is about?

Apport saves it's work in /var/crash - look for new files there.

Open those files in a text editor (like gedit) to read what apport discovered.

Apport is a problem-reporting application - it's typically triggered when something else crashes.


curl_init() not working when php script accessed from browser

You need to install php-curl package, depending of your PHP version. If this is the default version for Ubuntu 16.04 - php7.0:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install php7.0-curl
sudo phpenmod curl
sudo systemctl restart apache2.service


Where can I find a unified explanation of lower-level filesystem structure in Ubuntu?

You can maybe start from http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/, and follow from there to the Linux standard base project, at http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/lsb.

Take into account however that each distribution decide where to put is files, so although much of them follows these standards, there are differences among them, and often even among packages in the same  distribution.


I finally figured it out. My user account was part of the chrome-remote-desktop group. Once I removed it from that group and restarted my computer, auto-mounting and accessing the drives works as expected.

I had added my user to the chrome-remote-desktop following this post: https://superuser.com/a/850359/588342. After doing so, chrome-remote-desktop auto-runs on startup. Instead of that, I just added a command to run it in "Startup Applications Preferences": /opt/google/chrome-remote-desktop/chrome-remote-desktop --start


Do you use U1 on Windows too? I had have this problem when syncing my files with Ubuntu an the Beta Version of Windows U1 Client.


I found simple solution, you just need to remove nordvpn-release to get PUBKEY,if you run
sudo dpkg -i nordvpn-release_1.0.0_all.deb

remove it by
sudo apt remove nordvpn-release

then add
deb [arch=amd64] http://repo.nordvpn.com/deb/nordvpn/debian stable main

to your sources.list
and run
sudo apt update

you will get NO_PUBKEY error
W:key is not` available: NO_PUBKEY 6B219E535C964CA1

you need key which is last 8 digit from PUBKEY 5C964CA1 then install it by
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 5C964CA1

and finally run
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nordvpn


How can I run Ubuntu 14.04 on a Ubuntu 16.04 pre-installed system?

Installing 14.04 alongside 16.04 would do this. However since a computer that came with 16.04 preinstalled from system76 likely uses newer hardware. This could pose a problem with drivers but now that 14.04.5 with the hardware enablement stack is out it will use the same kernel and X stack as 16.04 so that will be less of a problem. Having two version of ubuntu installed side by side like this does work I use this quite a lot sometimes with the development version which of course is not supported here alongside the stable version. When you boot you can either use autoresize or try manual partitioning to resize with something else in the menu.


Menu bar in ubuntu laptop isn't showing available wifi

Try restarting the network manager using:

sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service


Have you searched Synaptic for "Touchpad" software? For example, with lenovo computers, installing synaptics (a touchpad driver for Lenovo touchpads) gives an interface the user can use to modify settings like speed of cursor etc.

Try searching for "Touchpad" software and see if anything relevant appears for Mac OS trackpad/touchpad.


Issues wth launching a file from bash script

This is normal behavior for some loader.exe type programs
The loader expects other bits of program files (dll and whatnot) in the folder where it is run from. If those files are not in the current folder the program fails to load.
Try:
#!/bin/bash
cd /home/user/program
wine loader.exe
exit

See: https://wiki.winehq.org/Wine_User%27s_Guide#Use_different_startup_paths
And: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine
Hope this helps


How can I change the icon of an application in the Unity launcher?

For Ubuntu 11.10

The first thing you would need to do is take a .png icon file that you would like to use and copy it to the respective ~/.local/share/icons/hicolor/ directory. This will contain the following directories (which are the dimensions of the icons) : 16x16/apps/ 32x32/apps/ 48x48/apps/

I downloaded a free 16x16 free icon sampler and picked a 16x16 icon called Alien.png

I took the Alien.png file and copied it to ~/.local/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps, When you copy yours, you can do that through either the GUI or terminal.

From there you would need do the following in a terminal (you may need sudo to copy this over):

cp /usr/share/applications/pidgin.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/

Next edit the pidgin.desktop file:

vi ~/.local/share/applications/pidgin.desktop

Look for the line that says:

Icon=pidgin

This will need to change to the new icon name without the .png prefix...

Icon=Alien

Save your changes... Then logout and log back in.

Please let me know if this helps or if you need more assistance.


Enabling passphrase on an already existing private key

You could use the -p option to ssh-keygen:

ssh-keygen -p -f /path-to/key-file

It will prompt for old and new passphrase. It will also prompt for keyfile (with suggestion) if you do not provide -f key-file option.


Too frequent disk checks on Ubuntu 12.04

This is a boot option. If you would like to turn it off, follow these steps:

Open /etc/fstab with your desired text editor. I will use gedit, but you can use any text editor.

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

You will see all of your drives, and allocations. You will see a line that looks like this:

UUID=(Your harddrive's UUID)     /        ext4       defaults    0      (1 or 2)

This is a boot option and location assigner. In the line, there should be either a 1 or a 2 for the second number. Replace it with a zero, now save and reboot. Done!


Try

find source_dir '*.txt' -exec cp -vuni '{}' dest_dir ";"


Old Firefox with New Firefox removing pluggins

I solved this problem.  While I did get a profile selection box and did create a new profile (firefox54), I did not notice that "choose this as default without asking" was automatically checked.
I started all over again and unchecked it and it worked.

I just have to be careful when I load the new firefox to choose a different profile.  Otherwise, it will see the plugins and remove them.

Picture below


Hiding folders and its content from application grid

While you can hide individual application icons, there is no possibility to hide a folder in the Application overview. There are a couple of workarounds you could consider:
Workaround 1. Delete and restore the folder with a script
Configuration for the folders in the application grid is stored in gsettings, under /org/gnome/desktop/app-folders/. You could write a script that saves the folder settings (dconf dump ...), then deletes the data under /org/gnome/desktop/app-folders/.A restore script can then reload these keys (dconf load ...).
Workaround 2. Just hide the applications you do not want to reveal
Copy the .desktop files of the applications you want to hide to ~/.local/share/applications. These will take precedence over the system wide installed copies. Then add or set the line Hidden=true. Also this can be scripted (e.g., if the line is already there: sed -i 's/Hidden=false/Hidden=true/' *.desktop.
Workaround 3. Hide everything and use the command line as administrator
As administrator, you of course could just hide the applications, and delete the folders in the account. You can speedily load the "hidden" utilities using the command line (e.g. Alt+F2dconf-etabEnter to load dconf-editor). Then you do not need to bother about scripting.


I need help in installing ubuntu alongside Windows 7

Use Ubuntu and upgrade it from there. I upgrade this way, and it doesn't even touch Windows.

Boot into Ubuntu. Log in if necessary, then from Unity Dash search for updates. Let it do it's thing, then it should show an upgrade dialog saying something along the lines of "However, Ubuntu 13.10 is available." This should work.


Why is this python script running in background consuming 100 % CPU?

You forgot the time.sleep() in your while loop, according to this answer on SO sleeping for 0.2s is a good compromise between polling frequency and CPU load:
import time

while True:
  get_clipboard()
  time.sleep(0.2) # sleep for 0.2 seconds

Checking the clipboard every 0.2 seconds seems easily often enough; if you want less CPU load you can even increase this value – few users change the clipboard content from one second to another.
Note that in general polling in a loop as often as that is not considered good design. A better approach would be to act on the event of changing the clipboard content, an example for GTK can be found in this SO answer.
Further reading

linuxconfig.org article on Python While Loops
cyberciti.biz article on time.sleep()
blog article on How To Make Python Wait discussing different ways, some of which are much more elaborate and flexible than the static time.sleep()


I have finally found the answer on my own.

For those that are experiencing the same issues, you have to install bumblebee for optimus support. I used the instructions in this YouTube video, and it worked for me.

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:graphics-drivers
sudo apt-add-repository bumblebee/testing
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-367 # or install the newest version if there is a newer one
sudo bumblebee-nvidia bbswitch-dkms prime-indicator
sudo prime-select intel
sudo reboot


http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=921240
i did some research, and it looks like this forum link had a possible solution, but it involved compiling code.

it confused me, but someone here might be able to make sense of it.

http://who-t.blogspot.com/2012/01/multitouch-in-x-touch-grab-handling.html

this is the blog of the guy whos been handling it with some more recent information.

EDIT: to answer your question, compiz does not support it as of now, at least by default.


Installing Mediatomb or other DLNA Server to play files on Samsung series 5 LED TV

Typically, when something like Mediatomb is asking for root permission to do editing, it's because they want you to make sure that you really want to edit such a file - this is to assist in preventing casual and/or unintended changes.

To edit a file like this, you need to temporarily give yourself root permissions - this is the purpose of the sudo command.  You prepend the command that you are using for editing with the word sudo, and the command runs with root permissions, assuming you know the password.

sudo nano /etc/mediatomb

will open the file in an editable mode.  If you want to use a graphical editor, you should us gksu (or gksudo) instead of sudo.


at the blank screen open the shell using ctrl-alt-f1 and login with you username and password

then type "startx" and hit enter it wil force to start the gui if it does not work

again in shell type "sudo apt-get upgrade" that should work.


Automatic Login "ON" but login screen persists on startup Linux Ubuntu 18.04

Edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf and add the following:

[SeatDefaults]
autologin-user=<YOUR USER>
autologin-user-timeout=0
user-session=ubuntu
# Uncomment the following, if running Unity
#greeter-session=unity-greeter

Suggested here

You could also check if with switching to gdm3 autologin works:

sudo apt install gdm3
sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3


I set the variables in ~/.bashrc:

PATH="$PATH:/home/gogromat/Downloads/emsdk_portable:/home/gogromat/Downloads/emsdk_portable/clang/fastcomp/build_master_64/bin:/home/gogromat/Downloads/emsdk_portable/emscripten/master"
EMSCRIPTEN="/home/gogromat/Downloads/emsdk_portable/emscripten/master"

and sourced it, and now it seems to work.


Global menu bar integration add-on missing in Firefox 22 for Ubuntu 12.04

Navigate to about:config, search for 'unity', and toggle from true to false.

That did it for me just now.

(the full preference name is ui.use_unity_menubar)


Ubuntu 20.04 Fresh Install On Brand New Acer Aspire 5 Computer: Absolutelty Horrific Hardware Support from Ubuntu with a Range of Problems

I recently got Acer Aspire 5 (515-56) and upon installation of the Ubuntu 20.04 ended up with exact same problems!
I manage to solve them by doing following:

setting up secure boot password in BIOS, which enabled me to turn off Secure boot afterwards (all in BIOS)
in "Main" tab of BIOS, press Ctrl+S and option for touchpad appears (in my case it was not there prior to this). Choose PS2 instead of I2C. Or in some versions Basic vs Advance in Touchpad options. Linux has issues with new I2C drivers which affects touchpad, this solves it (simply by avoiding I2C).
install latest kernel. No need to install 20.10, kernel upgrade is sufficient. Fresh install of Ubuntu got me 5.4.0 kernel. After upgrade to 5.10.4 my display was recognized, my sound settings appeared (was Dummy Output prior to this), my HDMI connected external monitor started working, function keys started working, etc. etc. Simplest way to do it is to use GUI - Ubuntu Mainline kernel installer (for example - Method 3 in these instructions).

All in all, after these steps I got my new laptop fully operational. Hoping it will help some more people having similar issues.


Unfortunately, 3.13 kernel is currently available only for 14.04 (still in development)

Ubuntu 13.10 has reach Kernel 3.11

Check here last packages of Liunx in all releases https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux


Where can I see a list of supported bluetooth drivers?

Bluetooth is a bit special, all devices basically speak the same language. There are a few versions of the Bluetooth protocol, which is all that's needed for your Bluetooth device to work, so long as it's connected through an open protocol connector such as USB or PCI(e).

BlueZ, the Linux bluetooth stack, supports all of the core protocols and is regarded as a qualified implementation by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group.

There are a few drivers in the kernel, mostly related do devices' special firmware, which you can browse here. This is indeed the full list of drivers, and it's very small.

As long as your device implements the Bluetooth specification properly, which most do, Linux will support it. If in your case something does't work correctly, consider asking a specific question or filing a bug.


Ubuntu 14.04 32 bit getting "Kernel panic - not syncing" when trying to install on VMware player

So the fix was rather simple, the new work computer i got had vmware player preinstalled and ofcourse i though it was the latest version, as it turned out it was not, so i updated it and it worked.


Running ubuntu netbook edition and desktop edition together on the same machine

Run

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-netbook

Then reboot and select Unity (or Netbook) from GDM login screen


You can use mkusb and its wipe menu. See the following links,

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb

mkusb/wipe


Is there a way to redirect or forward just the www traffic from an ubuntu server to my website home page on another domain name?

The easiest way is to log into digital ocean .net domain and add the dns entry of the .com in the www field in the dns records.


How to change PPA to point to another distro

First open Software Properties

Software Center>Edit>Software Sources
Then go to the Other Software tab and click the Edit button on the PPA you want
to edit.

Change the Distribution name and Accept. Then update your repositories running sudo apt-get update. You should be able to install the package now.


"Unknown Device" efibootmgr -v output (18.04 LTS)

Try to update the BIOS. I had the same problem two years ago and that solved my problem


No access to Internet after uninstalling Tor

When you configured tor(a_proxy_based_network). You have also made it to channel every outgoing packets from the browser or connections through port 9050 or what ever your choice is.So if you are using FoxyProxy make sure to use the "Default URL".And if you are using another Proxy Setting make sure to reset it.


How do I put /home in a different partition?

Take a look at this answer: Change the default Downloads directory

Posted here for your convenience:

  Ubuntu Tweak can be useful for you this time, but includes the install of the Ubuntu Tweak software, whose intuitive GUI
  will guide you on this and some other useful processes.

  When installed, simply choose Ubuntu Tweak from within the System
  Tools sub-menu in the main menu. After which you can go to the
  "Personal" section in the sidebar and look inside "Default folders",
  where you can choose which will be your default folder for Downloads,
  Documents, Desktop, etc.

  I hope this help you.

  Good luck!

Unfortunately I haven't tested what you want to do but I have read that if you put the default home folder and other default folders in a different partitions, you will be in the need to auto-mount that partition in order not to experience a major issue at the boot.

Once I tried to do it with 2 different hard disk drives, which resulted in errors at the boot, solved by mounting the hard disk drive partition and closing the session and logging in again.

I hope you find a better solution but this may give you a clue on where to begin. Please inform how did you manage this issue.

Good luck!


Unable to find version: 4.2 while installing photoshop cs6 on playonlinux

I got the same error so I added the repository in order to download the latest version of PlayOnLinux.

How to update PlayOnLinux?

wget -q "http://deb.playonlinux.com/public.gpg" -O - | sudo apt-key add -
sudo wget http://deb.playonlinux.com/playonlinux_maverick.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/playonlinux.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install playonlinux

It then updated Wine and downloaded and installed the necessary dependencies for me.

However it didn't work first time, I then had to go to the following link to get the updated installer.
https://www.playonlinux.com/en/app-2316-Adobe_Photoshop_CS6.html

I now have it running on PopOs 18.10.  Shame the pressure sensitivity on my tablet doesn't work but hey, you can't have it all.


Using function keys for switching applications

Activities - Keyboard - Shortcuts - Custom Shortcuts.

Define a shortcut and assign a shortcut key. When you press that key, application will launch or will come to foreground - if already running.


Open Atom and select Settings tab -> click the blue Install button located on the left side of the Settings pane. Under the Featured Packages section Hydrogen is the first package in the list because it is the most popular Atom package. Click the blue Install button to install it in Atom. Alternatively you can also search for Hydrogen in the search box in the Install Packages section of the Settings pane.


How do I get my Linksys WUSB300N wireless adapter working?

I believe you should install Ndisgtk by clicking here. I haven't tested it myself, so I hope it will be clear once you simply launch this app.

Otherwise, I think there is information on this thread of the Ubuntu Forums.


Thanks a lot sergey! :) Managed to work it out. Seems like I have already mounted it yesterday by blindly following a similar situation on a certain forum. Just wasn't sure on what to place after "/dev". Again, thanks a lot for your help. :D

To those who might encounter the same issue (and a complete newbie like me), here are the steps to take:

Use a live cd/disk to boot in to the messed up OS/Computer. (Use unetbootin for live disk). Choose Try Ubuntu without Installing.
Open a terminal. Check the name of the partition(with the messed up sh) to be mounted by typing sudo fdisk -l. Note: l is a letter.
Mount the partition to any of the live cd's folder. For example sudo mount /dev/sda /media. Where sda is the name of the partition.
Then navigate to /media using cd.

cd /bin
sudo rm sh
sudo ln -s bash sh
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall dash

These worked for me. :D

Again, thank Sergey.


What does the alternatives.tar.0 file do?

/var/backups/alternatives.tar.* is a backup of the /etc/alternatives directory. So what is /etc/alternatives?
It's a directory for keeping track of which program on your system is the 'default' among its peers. For example, imagine you ask your system to open a text file without specifying a text editor. Should it open vi, Emacs, gedit? /etc/alternatives maintains a symlink to the program that is the 'canonical' text editor. Ditto for web browsers, torrent trackers, etc.
Normally you don't interact with /etc/alternatives directly, rather you use the update-alternatives commands.
The alternatives system is from Debian, so it's inherited by Debian-derived operating systems like Ubuntu.


Problems booting Ubuntu 10.10 with Nvdia GeForce 6600gt

Install the nvidia driver by running this command on the terminal

  sudo jockey-text -e xorg:nvidia_current

reboot.


How can I know if some Ubuntu 10.04 packages are still available in Ubuntu 14.04?

Not exactly a straight answer, but, as you have mentioned, how about you create a list of packages available on both versions of Ubuntu (10.04 and 14.04) and then compare it using diff?
You can create this list executing the commands below on each server:

$ sudo apt-get update
$ dpkg -l > packages_version.txt

Where version could be an identification of OS version you executed (like "10.04" or "14.04").
Once you have both lists you could analyze it manually or execute diff to check the differences. Something like:
$ diff packages_10.04.txt packages_14.04.txt


Use virtual machine to simultaneously boot into windows?

I have done this successfully many times and do as you would like to do daily. I actually have several VMs depending on my needs (XP, Win 7, Win 2008, various Linux). One can P2V (physical to virtual) using VMWare's converter package (http://www.vmware.com/products/converter), then you can either use the free VMWare Player or VirtualBox (I mostly use VirtualBox). You can attach the machine you've created in VMWare converter to VirtualBox.

It helps to have a little extra RAM to do this kind of thing, and also I've found that an SSD makes a huge difference. I end up suspending my VMs (not shutting them down) and the jump to life in a few seconds.

P.S. depending on your apps, Wine or the variants like PlayOnLinux (or CrossOver Linux) can be very usable so no VM is necessary. I have several apps that I run this way (Office 2010, FoxIT PDF Reader, Photoshop CS2, etc...)


How do I set focus follows mouse in Ubuntu 17.10 and later with GNOME 3?

You may use (GNOME) Tweaks to achieve your goal. If it's not installed, first install it by running

sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Launch Tweaks and go to the Windows section. Select "Sloppy" or "Secondary-Click" under Window Focus.

Alternatively you may run the following command

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences focus-mode 'sloppy'

etc.


why aren't my bash aliases applied when logging in to server

So the problem was that I had both a ~/.profile and ~/.bash_profile, and ~/.bash_profile (which was added to the system when I installed RVM, which explains why it worked and then stopped working) did not execute ~/.bashrc.

Bash's man page explains that ~/.bash_profile is checked before ~/.profile, and if it exists, ~/.profile is not executed.


The new versions of Rhythmbox do not have an edit menu at all. There is a single menu, and Plugins is an option in it. It is now using the integrated menus feature of GNOME 3.x. Under Unity, there is a single menu that appears in the global menu when Rhythmbox is focused, titled Rhythmbox.


Drama: Can't restore entire system using déja dup. (Ubuntu 14.04 LTS)

Okay, after panicking for a while I have been able to retrieve the data. I found This tip on https://wiki.gnome.org/DejaDup/Help/Restore/Full :

  General Fallback
  If for whatever reason, you have a problem after trying to restore with the “Restore files to original locations” option, try restoring again to a temporary directory and moving your files to where they belong.

I did that and it worked. Phew! Maybe this helps someone else in the future...


Remove Owncloud login from file system / Nautilus

Nautilus Version 3.18 introduced integration with Google Drive and GOA (gnome-online-accounts) settings.

If you simply want to remove a GOA, Launch Online Accounts, select the account you wish to remove on the left and Click the Remove Account button in the lower-left corner of the window as shown below:

An alternative approach would be to use apt to purge the package entirely but that seems much like taking a sledgehammer to a screw.

If you want to repair your connection, read on.

By default, owncloudcmd reads the client configuration in $HOME/.local/share/data/ownCloud and uses the credentials of the GUI synchronization client. If no client is configured, or if you choose to use a different user to synchronize, you can specify the user password setting with the usual URL pattern. For example:

$ owncloudcmd / https://carla:secret@server/owncloud/remote.php/webdav/

You can open the Owncloud Sync client that has failed to connect.

A right click on the icon will open the following menu.

Choose Settings and Click Modify Account or Accounts depending on your version of the client on the screen similar to what is shown below.

You should be able to modify account credentials or worst case,  remove and re-add the account as necessary

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Files

https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/accounts-remove.html.en

https://owncloud.com/latest-gnome-ships-with-owncloud-support/

https://doc.owncloud.org/desktop/1.8/navigating.html

https://doc.owncloud.org/desktop/2.1/navigating.html


I believe you just need to install the restricted formats, should be as easy as

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras


Dual boot Ubuntu 16.04 with preinstalled Windows 10 Dell G5 5587

Steps to install Ubuntu 18.04 alongside pre installed Windows 10 as dual boot in NVMe SSD.

Hardware Information:

Dell G5 5587
Core i7 8750H
RAM 16 GB
NVMe SSD (Toshiba) 256 GB
HDD 1 TB
NVIDIA® GeForce® GTX 1060 6GB GDDR5 with Max-Q Design

Download Files

Download Ubuntu iso file from Ubuntu website.
Download Rufus from Rufus website.

Burn the ISO to a Pendrive

Insert a USB pendrive.
Backup the pendrive data if necessary.
Open Rufus.
Select Partition Scheme MBR.
Keep the other settings to default. E.g.: FAT.
Select the ISO and burn it to the connected pendrive.

Create Unallocated Space for Ubuntu

Open disk management in Windows.
Shrink the volume where Windows is installed (NVMe SSD). The size depends on yourself. I have created 100 GB of unallocated space.

Turn off Fast startup from Windows 10

Dual boot does not work when Fast startup option is enabled in Windows 10.
Right-click the Start button.
Click Search.
Type Control Panel and hit Enter on your keyboard.
Click Power Options.
Click Choose what the power buttons do.
Click Change settings that are currently unavailable.
Uncheck Turn on fast startup (recommended).
Click Save changes.

Turn off secure boot from BIOS

Tap F2 key at the Dell logo screen to enter System Setup or BIOS.
On the left pane, click Boot Sequence.
Check that Secure Boot is set to Disabled. Within the BIOS go to Secure Boot > Secure Boot Enable, and set the checkbox to Disabled.
Change the Secure Boot Mode to audit mode.
Save settings and the machine will be restarted.

Enable AHCI for dual boot

With a preinstalled Windows SATA mode set to IDE or RAID in BIOS.
To install dual boot we need to change SATA mode to AHCI from BIOS.
Create the Windows 10 local account:

Go to Settings > Accounts.
Select Family & other users.
Tap Add someone else to this PC.
Select I don't have this person's sign-in information.
Select Add a user without a Microsoft account.
Enter a username, type the account's password twice, enter a clue and select Next.
Change the Account type of this newly created account to Administrator.
Login using this new user account.

Right-click the Windows Start Menu. Choose Command Prompt (Admin).
Type this command and press ENTER: bcdedit /set {current} safeboot minimal
Restart the computer and enter BIOS Setup. On Dell Inspiron it is F2.
Change the SATA Operation mode to AHCI from either IDE or RAID.
Save changes and exit Setup and Windows will automatically boot to Safe Mode.
Right-click the Windows Start Menu once more. Choose Command Prompt (Admin).
Type this command and press ENTER: bcdedit /deletevalue {current} safeboot
Reboot once more and Windows will automatically start with AHCI drivers enabled.

Install Ubuntu

After the OS burn, insert the pendrive and restart the machine.
Press F12 or F10 depending your machine.
Select USB/Removable media.
Select install Ubuntu.
Select Language and other options.
When it comes to partition option, select something else.
In the unallocated space:

Give 2 GB Logical space to swap memory. The swap size depends on your RAM size.
Give remaining Primary space to / partition

Select Windows Boot Manager as Device for boot loader installation.
Continue with the remaining process.

Install Drivers (optional)

After successful installation of Ubuntu, update the system softwares.
To update the drivers:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
ubuntu-drivers devices
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

You may now access both Windows and Ubuntu in a dual boot manner.

Reference:

Turn off fast startup Windows 10
Dual boot in NVMe SSD Dell
Turn off secure boot from Dell BIOS
Create local account in Windows 10
Dell documentation on creating dual boot


How to access MySQL server with user password issued through LibreOffice Base frontend?

This is rather ambiguous, you need to provide more detail:

1) The new password that the system asked you about: Which application asked you for it? was that MySQL server or was it Base?
2) "I denied 3 times" does that mean you entered it wrong multiple times?
3) "Now my database »mysql« > table »user« does not shows a password entry for me". Does that mean that:

SELECT Password FROM mysql.user;

returns empty for your user. Is that the root user?

4) You seem to be able to connect in some other way that is not using Base. What is that?

I will answer wabout what I did as I had a similar problem:

First, users updating Ubuntu and using Base should make sure Java classpath is stored correctly, if not try:

sudo apt-get install libmysql-java

Then, my second issue was that the MySQL user actually dissapeared. For this I just created it again using phpmyadmin. Restarted sql and run Base. Note that Base remembered the user I previously had.


You can add the driver going to "Tools" -> "Options" (in Libreoffice Base) and do the following:

You can place the JAR whenever you need (if you don't already have it get it here). You can create a new JDBC connection:


Lenovo ThinkPad T580/P52s System Firmware Update

had same issue. You can run it manually using fwupdmgr update


MonoGame 3.6 install script not detecting MonoDevelop 6 / Can't create MonoGame app within MonoDevelop

I had the same issue. Which version of MonoDevelop do you have installed? I was on version 5.10 and upgraded to version 6.x which solved my problem.


Same problem. It's broken for iOS 13.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libimobiledevice/+bug/1854403

Also check changelog https://cgit.libimobiledevice.org/libimobiledevice.git/log/


Grub in rescue mode after (failed) upgrade to 12.04

I stumbled across http://www.geekmitra.com/2011/06/recover-grub-live-ubuntu-cd.html.  PROBLEM SOLVED.


Live Ubuntu USB with persistent storage Using mkusb

Many possible causes

There are many possible causes of your problem, as you see in C.S.Cameron's link. I cannot work out the details for all those possible causes in this answer, but I can suggest that you try a few things, and if necessary we can solve your problem in a dialogue via comments or a chat session.

Try in another computer

It seems to me that you have created good persistent live drives, that should boot in most computers. If you can borrow another computer, please try if it works in that computer, and let us know if there seems to be a general problem with the persistent live system or a particular problem with the cooperation between the persistent live system and your computer.

Try MSDOS partition table

I see that you have created the default GUID partition table. There are some computers, that have problems to boot via USB and grub unless there is the old style MSDOS partition table. So select MSDOS partition table in the settings menu of mkusb and try again.

Try a cloned drive

If still problems, I suggest we go back to basics and try with the standard way of creating a USB boot drive - cloning from the iso file to the USB stick. So select Cloning iso file instead of persistent live drive in the install menu of mkusb and try if your computer can boot a cloned drive.

This method is very robust, and if your computer cannot boot from it, I think the problem is with the computer rather than with the system in the USB drive. At this stage we need to know details about your computer:

brand name and model of the computer
brand name and model of the graphics card
settings of the UEFI/BIOS system

booting in UEFI mode or BIOS mode?
if UEFI mode, is there secure boot?
can you get a temporary boot menu?
can you set the boot order for the connected drives?

If the computer boots from the cloned drive, you can create a persistent live drive according to the new method, that works for Ubuntu 19.10 and newer versions. It is implemented with mkusb-minp and is described at this link,

How is it easier to make a persistent live drive with Ubuntu 19.10?

and you may want to try a new 'plug test' interface, mkusb-plug, described at the following link,

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/plug

In this case it is very likely that you will succeed in making a persistent live drive with Ubuntu 19.10.


Why does my Launcher think that a Terminal is a Thunderbird window?

How might I clean this up?

It's not Gnome-terminal that is stored, on the launcher (through some fluke), but Thunderbird with a wrong image displayed.

The remedy is to right click the Launcher image of the Gnome-terminal icon and click Unlock from Launcher.

Now hit Ctrl+Alt+T.  Now right click the image on the Launcher and Click lock to Launcher.

Reboot your computer (or run unity from the terminal) to flush the Launcher's Icon cache.


How to investigate (or even fix) the odd blank area on my screen?

Take a screenshot of your entire desktop (using gnome-screenshot or the Print Screen key).

This is the image you just uploaded:

As you can see, there's a dialog window sitting in the top left desktop corner, so that most of it are outside your visible area.

You can move the window back into the visible area by holding the Alt key and then dragging the window using the mouse while holding the left mouse button. By holding the Alt key, it is irrelevant on which part of the window you click, you can grab it anywhere, not only at the title bar.


When will the dash be implimented in Natty development?

I can't currently find a source for this, but I remember hearing that we would see the Dash in time for Alpha 2. If you look at the Natty Release Schedule then that puts us at early February.


How can I view the complete changelog for a PPA package?

It's a bug that PPA packages do not show changelog in update-manager

Have a look at this


Synaptic already has an icon which looks like a cardboard carton with a green arrow in the lower right corner. Search for Synaptic icon in the Dash and click the Synaptic icon to open it. When Synaptic is open right-click the Synaptic icon in the Launcher and select Lock to Launcher. To remove the Synaptic icon from the Launcher right-click the Synaptic icon in the Launcher and select Unlock from Launcher.
In Ubuntu 17.10 and later the Launcher is called the Dock and the two options in the context menu for the Synaptic icon in the Launcher are Add to Favorites and Remove from Favorites.


How to uninstall or remove XNView Multi Platform in 17.10?

Since you used sudo apt-get install xnview to install use this:

sudo apt-get purge xnview

to uninstall and get rid of all configuration files it created.


How to find the date Ubuntu was installed?

If you are confident the hardware clock was correct at the time Ubuntu was installed, you can look at the files in /var/log/installer, specially /var/log/installer/syslog:

$ sudo head -n1 /var/log/installer/syslog
May 27 19:03:08 ubuntu kernel: imklog 5.8.11, log source = /proc/kmsg started.


Wireless card Realtek RTL8723AE-BT driver not compiling on Quetzal

I got the same problem after upgrading to 12.10. I followed this answer from the original question, and it worked:

  Commenting out/removing the IEEE80211_HW_BEACON_FILTER (line 320 in base.c) [...]

:-)


Mac dual boot fail to read ubuntu12.10 usb stick

AFAIK, Macs can't boot from USB sticks.
you should try burning an .ISO to a DVD, you can find instructions at: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/burn-a-dvd-on-mac-osx.
Hope this helped, it worked for me!


Displaying a Dash view of one application only?

I don't know exactly how to do it, but when I wanna view all tabs from the same app, I use Alt + Tab then I select this app (chrome) and press arrow-bottom,
then I can see all the pages that I opened and I can switch between them.


How to resolve 307 proxy redirect in Ubuntu 13.10?

What works for me is setting the proxy as environment variable:

$ sudo -i
# export http_proxy=http://proxy.example.com/:80
# export https_proxy=...
# apt-get do something


If you have ever had an isohybrid image on that usb, you could have a leftover "iso9660 filesystem".  Since that filesystem is in the first 64 sectors of the disk, you can't delete it by deleting partitions.
I have always been successful in repairing uncooperative usb drives with the dd command. It will wipe the whole drive, so be double-d sure that you enter the command correctly, for the correct drive. Run the command sudo parted -l first to check the correct device.
Use this command to wipe the drive.
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=512
  - where sdX is your usb drive, in this case, sde

It will take about 20 minutes to complete an 8 GB usb drive, so be patient.     After that you can create partitions and format them.


Is there a way to integrate synaptic with snap packages

GNOME Software (also branded as Ubuntu Software) is the first, and so far only, app to support installing snap packages.

Synaptic is not receiving much development work at this time, but if someone did contribute a patch to add that feature, I'm sure it would be included if it worked.


Unzip specific directory without creating top directory

In your case, try in target folder:

ln -s Release . && unzip <YourArchive>.zip

Than you need to remove the link you've created:

rm Release


No such device after installing a ssd (Ubuntu/Win7)

Check out Boot Repair:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

It works for me whenever I change partitions around .

Regards


Eclipse Icon not shown, desktop file points to xpm

I am pretty sure you have another eclipse.desktop file in ~/.local/share/applications. The one you show in the image looks fine. Most likely, you ran Eclipse a single time before moving it to /opt. Then a .desktop file is automatically created in ~/.local/share/applications.
.desktop files in ~/.local/share/applications overrule global ones in /usr/share/applications, which means that whatever you change to the global one, it has no effect whatsoever; the one in ~/.local/share/applications takes precedence ans is the one that shows in the Launcher.
If so, remove the one in ~/.local/share/applications, log out and back in.

EDIT

After your latest comment, it becomes clear what happened: It turns out you previously made a local launcher with alacarte. Alacarte does not handle icon paths correctly when using absolute paths; alacarte simply leaves out the icon's extension, but extensions are needed when using absolute paths.
See also here.


Unable to mount hard drive after upgrading

If you have a invalid entry in your /etc/fstab it may be asking you to skip the mounting of the filesystem, or to try to mount it manually.

If this is indeed the case, you may want to edit the /etc/fstab file and either comment out, delete, or correct the line for the filesystem in question.

I normally see these kind of messages when i add a external usb hard drive to my /etc/fstab then remove the drive and forget to edit the fstab back to normal.

If this is not the case, you may want to give the full error message. and perhaps  any information from your /etc/fstab on the filesystem in question.


The main reason for installing a lightweight version of Ubuntu such as Xubuntu or Lubuntu is to get better performance. If you want to get better performance, you should try using a lightweight *buntu version, even if your hardware will support Ubuntu and Unity.


Where does Plex media server store its cache/settings?

On Ubuntu/Debian settings and library stored in /var/lib/plexmediaserver/....

The PlexMediaScanner (cli-commands) can be found under /usr/lib/plexmediaserver/


Wired Connection problem on Ubuntu 14.10

It looks like this bug on Launchpad: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/network-manager/+bug/1354924


Well at the moment you are using puppy linux's grub4dos to boot

You need to reinstall Ubuntu's grub.

sudo grub-install /dev/sda  #if booting in legacy mode

or

sudo install-grub  #if booting in EFI mode

then

sudo update-grub


If the 404 error was due to an additional repository that has been added to /etc/apt/sources.list then its easier to add # character to the start of the line to comment out the offending repository i.e.

Install gksu first

sudo apt-get install gksu
Open /etc/apt/sources.list as Root

gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
Go to line 52-53, add # character to the start line 52-53 like mine
Save it, done !


How can I modify a file that is owned by root?

Assuming you are the owner of the operating system in question then you can do something relatively simple. Also assuming the current file is owned by root and group of root then in a terminal you can:

sudo chown your_user:root /path/to/file

You may now edit this file using your normal GUI login.

Once you're done, remember to set it back

sudo chown root:root /path/to/file

To find out more about changing ownership of files see:

man chown

Opening a terminal can be as simple as opening the application bar (name?) and typing "terminal". Using sudo you will be asked for your password to grant you elevated privileges for making the change. See:

man sudo


Elixir package broken after installation

The solution in the end was completely reinstall the server and run this process:

Add Erlang Solutions repo:

wget https://packages.erlang-solutions.com/erlang-solutions_1.0_all.deb && sudo dpkg -i erlang-solutions_1.0_all.deb

Run:

sudo apt-get update

Install the Erlang/OTP platform and all of its applications:

sudo apt-get install esl-erlang

Install Elixir:

sudo apt-get install elixir

As per the Elixir installation page.

I would recommend anyone who may be reading this and attempt to install this package, to make sure to follow the official instructions on this page to the letter and not use third-party instructions or shortcuts as some alternative packages seem to partially over-write others, causing a broken installation which requires either in-depth knowledge (and a lot of time) or potentially drastic action to rectify.


Yes you can install Ubuntu in dual boot with windows 8. For dual boot i prefer you need a partition of 20GB less will also work and start installing ubuntu in that partion from boot sector and just follow the instructions. It's easy


Wifi Not Working On Ubuntu 14.04 Lenovo G 50-30

Blacklisting ideapad_laptop is not the best solution, because some features like Fn buttons may be disabled too.
Here is the bug report

I made a patch that fixes this issue. Before this patch reaches stable kernels you can use a patched module from my ppa. Install it this way:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/ideapad-laptop
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ideapad-laptop-dkms

If you already blacklisted ideapad_laptop, you can undo it by

sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ideapad.conf

Update: The patch has been accepted upstream and already reached Ubuntu kernels. The fix is in kernel 3.19.0-26. The next kernel update will fix the issue for Ubuntu 15.04 and 14.04.3.

After that the package and the PPA can be removed by

sudo apt-get purge ideapad-laptop-dkms
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:hanipouspilot/ideapad-laptop

Update For those who uses kernel 3.19 this ppa can be removed since 3.19.0-26 kernel includes this patch.

Now the issue is fixed in all Ubuntu kernels.


After installing the drivers from the website running the command imagescan starts up a GUI which lets you pick the scan options and scan the document.


What's wrong if "Deletion log file could not be created: No authorization"?

Because I did not find a lot on the internet about it I wanted to share my solution and keep the german original error message, which is "Löschprotokolldatei konnte nicht angelegt werden".

Somehow, the (hidden) folder SHARENAME/.Trash-1000 was owned by a different user than the one I used when connecting to the share. As soon as I fixed this on the NAS (over ssh) with sudo chown -R USER:GROUP FOLDER I was able to delete again from inside my filemanager that was connected to the share.


How to install ubuntu alongside with windows 7?

I suggest you go with manual configuration of the partitions. Make an ext4 and a swap and install Ubuntu on the ext4 partition. GRUB will be installed on the MBR and it will prompt you to choose between Ubuntu or Windows.


First let's remove the old added repository:

sudo apt-add-repository --remove ppa:webupd8team/jupiter

Now add the correct version:

echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/jupiter/ubuntu precise main " | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list

echo "deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/jupiter/ubuntu precise main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list

Now update:

sudo apt-get update

Its time to install

sudo apt-get install jupiter


scanimage is installed by default.

And here's me using it:

$ scanimage -L
device `epson2:libusb:002:003' is a Epson PID 084F flatbed scanner

$ scanimage -d "epson2:libusb:002:003" --format tiff > rawr.tiff

Obviously that generates a tiff-formatted file. Lossless but usually quite vast. You can convert this down withou an intermediary file by installing imagemagick and then piping the scan output into the convert command:

$ scanimage -d "epson2:libusb:002:003" --format=tiff | convert tiff:- scan.jpg


How do i get windows' view like on Fedora, where pressing super key?

As noted in the comments, if you want things to function the exact same way as in Fedora, you'll have to use GNOME, not Ubuntu's default Unity.

However, in Unity you can display all the windows open on a given workspace by hitting Super+W. If you want to see all the windows on all workspaces, hold Shift+Super, then hit W.

Holding Super will bring up Unity's keyboard shortcut list, where these commands and other similar ones are listed. The spread commands can also be configured using the Scale plugin of the CompizCongig Settings Manager. There you can change the shortcut keys and set hot corners to bring up the window spread.


Ubuntu 15.10 then windows 7 dual boot issue

Your disk has no boot loaders. My educated guess about what happened, based on your description, is:

You installed Ubuntu in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode.
When you tried to install Windows 7, you booted in EFI/UEFI mode, so it complained about the MBR partition table and you converted it to GPT and installed Windows in EFI/UEFI mode. This would have rendered Windows bootable and Ubuntu unbootable. This could have been repaired, but....
You booted Boot Repair in BIOS mode, and proceeded to trash the EFI System Partition that held the Windows boot loader, thus rendering Windows unbootable; and for whatever reason, Boot Repair was unable to get Linux booting again.

At this point, I recommend you read my page on the CSM and its perils for background information. Without an understanding of the CSM, you're likely to dig yourself into the same hole again.

It's almost always best to install both OSes in a dual-boot in the same boot mode -- that is, both in BIOS mode or both in EFI mode. Mixing boot modes is a recipe for disaster. Furthermore, given the way most EFIs are designed, it's usually best if that boot mode be EFI; as my page describes, using BIOS mode turns the boot process into a complicated mess that's as likely to lead to problems as to a successful boot. Thus, I have some specific suggestions:

Disable your CSM. This is the single most important thing to do.
Change the type code of /dev/sdc1 so that it's an ESP. (It's currently marked as a BIOS Boot Partition, which is useless for EFI-mode booting.) Note that there's a chance that this partition still holds the Windows boot loader, so correctly marking it as an ESP might be all you need to do to get Windows booting; but you may need to create a new FAT32 filesystem on it and do more repairs. You can change the type code using gdisk by changing it from EF02 to EF00; or with parted or GParted by removing the bios_grub flag and replacing it with a boot flag.
Re-install the Windows boot loader using Windows tools. You should ask for details of how to do this on a Windows forum.
Install an EFI boot loader for Linux. There are a couple of relatively simple ways to do this:

Use Boot Repair, but boot the repair disk in EFI mode. (If you can't boot in EFI mode, the disk is probably prepared incorrectly. My page on the CSM that I referenced earlier goes into this subject in detail.)
Prepare a USB flash drive or CD-R image of my rEFInd boot manager. (Images for both are on that page.) Boot with it, and using rEFInd, boot Ubuntu. You can then install rEFInd to the hard disk using the Debian package or PPA.

Instead of those last two top-level bullet points, you could re-install one or both OSes -- but be sure to do so using the same boot mode (preferably EFI mode). Note that this will go best if you disable the CSM and fix the type code of your ESP.


ATTR{index} always 0, how to write persistent udev rule?

Wrote a script to find unoccupied device index by pattern. It accepts a printf pattern like /dev/v4l/by-id/usb-fushicai_usbtv007_300000000002-video-index%d and finds the first non-existent file.

Took existing rule from systemd package and rewrote it to use the script result instead of ATTR{index}. Since ATTR{index} is unmodifiable, decided to use my own directory for symlinks.

/etc/udev/rules.d/65-persistent-v4l-my.rules :

ACTION=="remove", GOTO="my_fix_v4l_index_end"
SUBSYSTEM!="video4linux", GOTO="my_fix_v4l_index_end"
ENV{MAJOR}=="", GOTO="my_fix_v4l_index_end"

IMPORT{program}="v4l_id $devnode"

SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", IMPORT{builtin}="usb_id"

KERNEL=="video*", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", ENV{UNOCCUPIED_PATTERN}="v4l/by-id-my/$env{ID_BUS}-$env{ID_SERIAL}-video-index%%d"
IMPORT{program}="/usr/local/bin/find-unoccupied-device-index /dev/$env{UNOCCUPIED_PATTERN}"
KERNEL=="video*", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="v4l/by-id-my/$env{ID_BUS}-$env{ID_SERIAL}-video-index$env{UNOCCUPIED_INDEX}"

LABEL="my_fix_v4l_index_end"

/usr/local/bin/find-unoccupied-device-index :

#!/bin/bash
set -e
if [ $# != 1 ]; then
  >&2 echo "usage: ${0##*/} prefix-%d-suffix"
  exit 1
fi

echo "pattern: $1" >&2

for ((i=0;;i++)); do
  filename=`printf "$1" $i`
  [ -e "$filename" ] || break
done
echo "unoccupied index: $i" >&2
echo "UNOCCUPIED_INDEX=$i"


You can use xargs to quote each line.

xargs -a list.txt -I% cp "%" destination/

Your second requirement isn't very practical but assuming list is just a list of filenames, something like this could work:

xargs -a list.txt -L1 -I% find -name "%" -exec cp {} destination/ \; -quit

It'll pass successive lines to find which will find the first file (in the current directory, recursive) with that name and copy it.


In the first form,

env | grep $USER

The variable $USER is expanded to its value for grep. So, grep will show all lines which contains the value of $USER variable. For me, the value of $USER is anwar. So the command is equivalent to env | grep anwar

If you want to grep the literal $USER, use single quote as suggested in this answer

In the second form,

env | grep USER

only the literal USER is used for grepping and thus grep will only show those lines containing USER.


Currently the only emulator for testing iOS applications is build for MacOS.

There is a work in process to bring an emulation software to linux
which you might want to take a look at...but judging by the
development status it'll be a while till it's usable.
http://www.iemu.org/index.php/Main_Page

EDIT: This is outdated information. The project was discontinued some time in 2013.
Your options at this time would be to try and install a hackintosh instance in virtualbox or use something like Appetize.io, if you have a bundled app that you want to try out.
For real productive development work I'm afraid you won't get around buying Apple hardware.


Trouble Installing Ubuntu 14.04 on MacBook

Where it says:

quiet splash

Change to:

nomodeset

Once you get to the desktop run a full update/upgrade using the software updater, and install the latest stable NVIDIA graphics driver from the Additional Drivers application.

That should get your mac up and running. Good luck!


How to install dependencies for Popcorn?

You have to remove the PPA, which does not provide packages for Ubuntu MATE 18.04 LTS (your current version) with:
sudo apt-add-repository -r ppa:ubuntu-mate-dev/xenial-mate

and then retry with
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libcanberra-gtk-module libgconf-2-4 libatomic1


Can I switch to Windows cmd in Ubuntu for Windows (WSL)?

From within a Bash/WSL console you can invoke Windows executables by specifying the (correctly-cased) name of the executable, including its .exe extension (example: notepad.exe [filename]). To start a new cmd shell and (optionally) run a command/executable program type:

cmd.exe


Parrot-themes GitHub repository has Debian control file to produce deb-package. The package will be named parrot-themes.

There is no need to build it by yourself, you can download it from ParrotOS repository and install manually:

wget http://deb.parrotsec.org/parrot/pool/main/p/parrot-themes/parrot-themes_2.6+parrot6_all.deb
sudo apt-get install ./parrot-themes_2.6+parrot6_all.deb

Then open System -> Preferences -> Look and Feel -> Appearance (or mate-appearance-properties) and select Parrot OS theme (one of air, ARK-Dark, ARK-Light, ARK-Snow, Icy-Dark, Icy-Light).

And you will get your Ubuntu 18.04 LTS MATE styled as Parrot OS (air theme as example):


I was in your same condition. As this site has more results than official Acer forums I just add the missing bit here.
some new models have the AHCI/RST option hidden in bios.
by pressing Ctrl+S in the relevant BIOS page the option appears.
Now: which is the relevant page? it depends on your model, in my case it was the second page, where, among other things there was a set of other options for boot.
Also I want to point out that the proposed method to reset the boot loader of windows failed miserably: I've completed all the steps from within windows (edit the registry),
but bcdedit failed all the described tentatives and windows was stucking without a proper boot.
Still, after installing ubuntu 20.04.1 (mate edition) and GRUB, I was able to use grub to boot windows properly!!!
Note: I've shrunk the windows main partition (labeled C:) from within Windows itself to make room to ubuntu and keep all other geometries untouched (even if I do not know how to use the repair partition now :/)


Ubuntu Creates New Boot entry in Uefi manager after update command

Do you mean a package update, like sudo apt-get dist-upgrade? If so, then chances are you pulled down a GRUB (boot loader) or Shim (pre-bootloader) update that caused it to be re-installed. This could easily cause a new boot entry to be created, and if that process went badly, you'd see the results you did. As to why it might go wrong, several possibilities occur to me:

Corrupted NVRAM -- EFI computers are prone to corruption of their NVRAM, and when this happens, all sorts of bad things can happen, including improperly-created new boot entries. If you think your NVRAM is corrupted, you may be able to clear the problem by using a firmware option to reset all settings to their defaults; however, this will likely wipe not just the boot order list, but all references to your boot loaders, which will then require repair.
A new bug in Ubuntu -- Creation of boot entries relies on several tools, including GRUB's post-installation scripts, the efibootmgr utility, and the Linux kernel. A new bug in any of these tools might result in bogus new entries being created. If you think this is a new Ubuntu bug, you might try reporting it; however, to be useful, such a bug report will need a lot more detail than you've provided here, such as the exact and repeatable conditions under which a problem occurs.
EFI bugs -- The firmware itself might have a bug that created a duplicate entry, but bungled the process.
Windows bugs -- Similarly, if you booted into Windows at some point, it could be that something went wrong in Windows.
User error -- If you were using efibootmgr (or an equivalent tool in Windows or the firmware) for some reason, you might have created the bogus entry yourself.

Some of these, particularly late in the list, seem very unlikely to me; however, I can't rule them out entirely. My guess is that you're looking at one of the first two possibilities.


Why does it take so much time for Ubuntu to update to a new version of Firefox

The official Firefox 9 release was 5 days before the Christmas break, so we took the decision to upload it to the proposed pockets over the Christmas holiday, to minimize the impact of any problems. It has now been published as a security update to all users this morning.

For Firefox 8, a late change in the beta cycle caused a bug where language packs were being disabled on upgrade. Unfortunately, we only caught this after the official release (but, fortunately, before publishing the update). This meant that the release had to be delayed for Ubuntu users.

The intention is that we will publish updates close to the upstream release date, and there really is no reason why we can't do that. The fact that we currently aren't doing this successfully, means that we just need to get much better. In the meantime, I can only offer you my apologies for having to wait.

See my blog for more details on the work we do.
How do I install the latest stable version of Firefox?


is it possible to install Adobe Reader X or X1 in Ubuntu 14.04?

Not native and we probably never will have an Ubuntu version for Adobe Reader. Adobe dropped support for Linux somewhere in 2013. 9.5.5 is still available on their website but 10 and 11 are nowhere to be found.

You can try to install 11 with Wine but I doubt it is worth your time since neither 10 nor 11 have a good rating.

Status on wineHQ for AR10:  Garbage
Status on AR11: Bronze. See "Important Note on How to Install and run Adobe Reader 11.x" below the status. Someone got it working but it will be a lot of trial and error. Plus you probably need a fair amount of knowledge on how Wine works.

If you have to have it I would install a Windows in a VirtualBox and install/use it from there.


$ grep max_align_t /usr/include/c++/* -r
/usr/include/c++/4.9/cstddef:  using ::max_align_t;
/usr/include/c++/4.9.2/cstddef:  using ::max_align_t;
/usr/include/c++/v1/cstddef:    max_align_t
/usr/include/c++/v1/cstddef:typedef long double max_align_t;

/usr/include/c++/v1/ are files from libc++-dev so we need clang to use libc++

Simple compiler switch sorts this out

So if you get this error add this to you clang command line:  -stdlib=libc++


Why has this gsettings command stopped working between 16.04 and 16.04.1?

You omitted the key name, like background-transparency-percent:

gsettings get org.gnome.Terminal.Legacy.Profile:/org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/:${profile}/ background-transparency-percent


Can I reinstall ubuntu-desktop while using Unity 7?

Often, you can safely upgrade a package while using it. There is no guarantee to that, though... it really depends on the individual package.

The reason why it often works is how Linux handles open files: When a process opens a file, it receives a handle to that file (a "file descriptor") which it uses to read/write data. During the update process, a file might get deleted or replaced even though some processes still hold file descriptors to it. In these cases, the file system keeps the old file around, and the running processes can continue using it. The file is removed only once every process closes their file descriptors.

This means that a process (such as Unity) will keep running even if their binary is replaced or removed. However, when the process opens new files, it could get "confused" about their content, and arbitrarily bad things (such as crashes) can happen.


Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic Beaver) has python3 as the default python.

Although you installed the python2-based python-dev header package, when the software's configure script actually invokes python, it results in the invocation of python3 - which fails because of incompatible syntax:

checking for headers required to compile python extensions...   File "<string>", line 1
    import sys; print sys.prefix
                        ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
  File "<string>", line 1
    import sys; print sys.exec_prefix
                        ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
not found
configure: WARNING: Python not found, disabling python support

You can override the default by setting the variable PYTHON=/usr/bin/python2 on the command line:

$ ./configure PYTHON=/usr/bin/python2
.
.
.
checking for /usr/bin/python2 version... 2.7
checking for /usr/bin/python2 platform... linux2
checking for /usr/bin/python2 script directory... ${prefix}/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
checking for /usr/bin/python2 extension module directory... ${exec_prefix}/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
checking for headers required to compile python extensions... found


ps -ef displays kerneloops - is that harmful?

No it's not harmful...

apt show kerneloops

  kerneloops is a daemon that collects kernel crash information and then
   submits the extracted signature to the oops.kernel.org website for
   statistical analysis and presentation to the Linux kernel developers.

If you have aptitude installed you can run:

aptitude why kerneloops

to see why it has been installed (if it wasn't installed by default).

I guess it's installed by default, because at least you should have ubuntu-desktop installed on a default installation (Main flavor) and it's depend on kerneloops:

$ apt-cache rdepends kerneloops | grep desk
  lubuntu-qt-desktop
  lubuntu-gtk-desktop
  lubuntu-desktop
  xubuntu-desktop
  vanilla-gnome-desktop
  ubuntustudio-desktop-core
  ubuntustudio-desktop
  ubuntukylin-desktop
  ubuntu-mate-desktop
  ubuntu-budgie-desktop
  lubuntu-qt-desktop
  lubuntu-gtk-desktop
  lubuntu-desktop
  kubuntu-desktop
  ubuntu-desktop


If you really want or need to use Shutter, you can simply use the workaround below:

You can automatically have Shutter gracefully closed (not killed) before taking a screenshot, thus preventing the move to another viewport. Since it is gracefully closed, there is no risk of losing images; they are saved automatically.
After the screenshot, Shutter will be running so you will not notice the difference.

To make it work you have to map the command below to the key combination, instead of running shutter --active directly from the key combination:

kill -s TERM $( pgrep shutter );shutter --active


You can switch it back this way.

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 and login into console.

Run there two commands

sudo aticonfig --px-igpu
sudo reboot

If you are using a computer with UEFI this problem could be caused by Secure Boot option. Disable it in BIOS and try again.


Because of the tty tag you are using, I consider you just want to use root in tty and not GUI.

While installing you have created a regular user account which is able to use sudo command. in tty login using that user account. then to use root access for running commands use the sudo command:

sudo command-to-run

Remember when running sudo, it will asks for your account password, not root.

If you want to switch to root account you can also use sudo:

sudo -i

or

sudo -s

or even:

sudo su -

You can also select an specific shell to run, like this:

sudo -i /bin/zsh

Enabling root

If you want enable root account, so you are able to login using its credentials:

use one of above solutions to run passwd command to set a password for root account. E.g:

sudo passwd

then it will asks you for a new password. Also use sudo passwd -u root to make sure root account is unlocked now.

If you don't have any other user account to follow above instructions which is weired, use this solution to active your root account.