different keyboards have different layout

If I don't mind the first problem, I may get rid of the second and the third: just turning off any Gnome-based layout features (set one language) and use just setxkbmap.

So, the final solution would be:

Turn off embedded solutions for layout switching and set only one input language (English).
add setxkbmap -option "grp:caps_toggle,grp_led:scroll,compose:ralt" -layout us,ru entry to Menu -> Startup Applications


Which has better compatability, NVIDIA or Intel Graphics?

Note that while both NVidia and Intel graphics are well supported in Ubuntu, Nvidia Optimus is a complelely different beast - it's a technology to seamlessly switch from an energy-efficient Intel chip to the powerful NVidia chip when an application requires some extra performance.

My understanding is that the current state of support of this feature in Linux is not complelely free of trickery. See Project Bumblebee for more details and be ready to get your hands dirty :)


Why I'm facing this problem "The application Passwords and Keys has closed unexpectedly" and how to solve it?

I think Password and Keys is the "seahorse" application (?). You might want to file a bug report over there, they might be able to help.
https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/seahorse/-/issues


Why ubuntu doesn't use https as default for apt update?

Only thing you gain is the secrecy about what kind of software you're installing.

One of the reasons why https is annoying are the corporate firewalls that want to decrypt https. You have to deal with their certificates, slowness and bugs.

So it's easier to stick with http and apt's built-in GPG for origin and integrity checks. Especially when the "what software you're installing" is seen anyway if you're using lots of products that have their own repositories. Probably need to Tor it if you want to hide the fact that you've accessed the google-chrome repo, docker repo, etc.


How to intall Oracle JDK 32bit on Ubuntu 12.04 64bit along side the 64bit oracle jdk

In your case, I would recommend using the the JDK tar.gz packages (x86 and x64) from OTN and extract it to a preferred directory, using a quick shell script to switch JDK versions, e.g.

java.sh

#Set JDK versions
JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_25
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH

Another popular way to install JDK (kind of automated but a bit time consuming)

The most popular way NOW is: https://github.com/flexiondotorg/oab-java6

  NOTE: it builds .deb from OTN binaries and set up a local repository, install from there.

You can run update-alternatives --config java and see installed JDK/JRE and configure.

To be able to use 32-bit JDK on 64-bit Linux

You need to install the 32-bit shared libs (now Ubuntu uses something called Multi-arch).

If you don't have ia32-libs installed, you'll get File NOT FOUND error when running 32-bit java.

terry@tux:/opt/jdk1.7.0_25-i586/bin$ file java
java: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.9, BuildID[sha1]=0xb4f81805640a786538c721d745f97f3485d03e3c, not stripped
terry@tux:/opt/jdk1.7.0_25-i586/bin$ ./java
bash: ./java: No such file or directory

That's probably why the shell script didn't work.

  NOTE: the script did do its job, see which output

terry@tux:/opt$ source java32.sh
terry@tux:/opt$ which java
/opt/jdk1.7.0_25-i586/bin/java


How do I uninstall/reinstall Linux on an already installed Linux machine that is corrupt?

You'll need access to another computer with a working Linux or Windows operating system.  Use that system to download a suitable Ubuntu (I recommend 16.04 LTS, with either MATE or LXDE -- the latter called Xubuntu).  Use a suitable utility to burn the downloaded .iso file to either a DVD or a USB flash drive (which utility to use depends critically on what OS you're working in).

Once you have the USB or DVD, you need to start your target computer from it.  With many computers, you can press F11 to access a menu and select the boot drive during the early part of startup (before GRUB appears, if it's still working).  Select your USB or DVD device, and let the machine boot.  If you just want to install, select "Install Ubuntu" when offered the choice of that or "Try Ubuntu" -- and you'll be on your way.

I would strongly recommend, however, that you use the "Try Ubuntu" option first to try to salvage any stored information from the /home partition on the target machine -- copy those files to another storage device (a different USB drive, for instance), so you can go through them and find anything you want to keep.  The default Ubuntu installation process will delete all those files, so do this before you install.

Ideally, you could get some help from the "computer literate" person who installed Ubuntu for you -- it's very possible that the problem with your system is relatively minor and can be fixed without a reinstall; even if that's not the case, a knowledgable helper can help you learn, help you save your files, and help ensure you wind up with a working OS on the first try.


Need Help, Cannot recover my Linux Partition

Depending on the windows installation options you choose, you might have blown the partition away, damaged, or formatted it.

If you boot up with a live cd and run gparted and the linux partition is no longer there, and all you see is unallocated space; I'm sorry to tell you , but it sounds like it's gone.


Lost hardware volume controls after upgrade to 16.04 HWE Stack

This sounds like a bug with the kernel and should be reported using the command ubuntu-bug linux.


cannot make live snapshots on ubuntu 12.04 xcp-xapi

you should check the capabilities of your SR:  do

  xe sr-param-list uuid=[replaceme]

Check

  allowed-operations (SRO): forget; VDI.create; VDI.snapshot; plug;
  update; destroy; VDI.destroy; scan; VDI.clone; VDI.resize; unplug

Especially for VDI.snapshot, that's what you need, if your SR doesn't have it, it probably means you are not on an LVM backend and/or the xcp-xapi drivers are missing.  I bet you have deployed using 'ext' backend.

Post it here.


How to stop continuous concurrent local DNS queries to dnsmasq

Resolved. Just simply add an entry bind-interfaces to dnsmasq.conf and start the two DNS resolvers.
And make sure that systemd-resolved listens on 127.0.0.53:53.

[resolv.conf]

# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
#     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
# 127.0.0.53 is the systemd-resolved stub resolver.
# run "systemd-resolve --status" to see details about the actual nameservers.

nameserver 127.0.0.1
options timeout:2 attempts:3 rotate single-request-reopen

[netstat -apn | grep 53]

tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:53            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      10122/dnsmasq
tcp        0      0 172.18.129.180:53       0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      10122/dnsmasq
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      10066/systemd-resolved
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:53            0.0.0.0:*                           10122/dnsmasq
udp        0      0 172.18.129.180:53       0.0.0.0:*                           10122/dnsmasq
udp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*                           10066/systemd-resolved
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     590253   1121/master

[dnsmasq.log]

Jul 28 12:31:57 dnsmasq[10122]: query[A] www.stackexchange.com from 127.0.0.1
Jul 28 12:31:57 dnsmasq[10122]: forwarded www.stackexchange.com to 127.0.0.53
Jul 28 12:31:57 dnsmasq[10122]: reply www.stackexchange.com is <CNAME>
Jul 28 12:31:57 dnsmasq[10122]: reply stackexchange.com is 151.101.129.69
Jul 28 12:31:57 dnsmasq[10122]: reply stackexchange.com is 151.101.193.69
Jul 28 12:31:57 dnsmasq[10122]: reply stackexchange.com is 151.101.65.69
Jul 28 12:31:57 dnsmasq[10122]: reply stackexchange.com is 151.101.1.69

[nslookup www.stackexchange.com]

Server:         127.0.0.1
Address:        127.0.0.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.stackexchange.com   canonical name = stackexchange.com.
Name:   stackexchange.com
Address: 151.101.193.69
Name:   stackexchange.com
Address: 151.101.1.69
Name:   stackexchange.com
Address: 151.101.65.69
Name:   stackexchange.com
Address: 151.101.129.69


How do I remove ubuntu from a windows 7 machine without the recovery disk?

Why would you want to keep Ubuntu bootloader (GRUB) if you're removing Ubuntu? I'm not sure it's possible because I believe GRUB stores some of its files on the partition you're going to remove.

I believe you need to re-install Windows boot loader, then you just boot into Windows and delete Ubuntu partition using standard Windows tools. You may be able to resize the windows partition to take up the free space or create a new NTFS partition there.

(as such, the question turns out to be totally unrelated to Ubuntu... you can do everything in Windows)


Can ransomware or viruses effect or infect a Linux formatted drive connected to a Windows machine and accessed through a VM?

It is possible that A virus could transfer over from the external hard drive to your Linux.  However that would mean that the virus works for both Windows and Ubuntu/Linux.  Most of the time all viruses are made for Windows so if your external hard drive was affected and wasn't made for Linux than you are safe.  However if this was done by someone who wants your computer infected personally, than there is about nothing that you can do because they could just make another virus.


What is a desktop recorder with global shortcuts?

From Ubuntu Software Center:

RecordMyDesktop   http://recordmydesktop.sourceforge.net/about.php

AND

Istanbul Desktop Session Recorder https://live.gnome.org/Istanbul


How can I fix the Skype (and the Franz) tray icon not showing up properly?

To have Skype tray icon displayed install sni-qt package:

sudo apt-get install sni-qt:i386


Why doesn't Ubuntu One Save Purchased Music in the designated Music Folder?

There's another point not covered by @popey's answer: while there will be a number of people upset by the music not appearing in with the rest of the music, there also will be a number of people upset because the new music is appearing mixed in with their music collection before they have a chance to curate it appropriately. The first group can simply move the files over, whereas the second group would have to hunt down the new music first.

Meanwhile, the rest of us are just listening to the music and not caring where it's coming from.


Cannot install any application in ubuntu 12.04

That is why you have not manually entered the proxy that you use easily in any browser. You have to set proxy for Ubuntu also.

Here are the steps to set proxy in Ubuntu

Open System Settings ( search in your dash )
Chose Network ( you can also find the icon of Network form /usr/share/applications just double click it to open )
Then chose Network Proxy on the Window.
Select Manual form the list. Set your proxy and
Apply System Wide
Thats it.

Now you would be able to download any thing from command line also.


See http://wpitchoune.net/blog/sensors-in-the-top-bar-of-the-desktop/.

It has been added in psensor since the release 1.0.2.

Basically, with a terminal:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:jfi/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install psensor


bin/bash: ruby command not found. Ruby not in sudo path

Try reinstalling ruby maybe?

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ruby


How do I troubleshoot repository issues? Many problems lately

Motivated by the comments above I finally decided to try a whole lot of different mirrors. Strangely, quite a few turned out to generate error messages during apt update(incorrect file sizes or hashes), even the Main Server and the Server for United States(as listed in the Software settings and updates GUI).
I finally ended up using ubuntu.mirror.rain.co.za which appears to be error-free. Now my packages install properly and without problems.
So it was an issue with the repo mirrors I was using! Strange, though, that so many of them appear to host broken packages for months on end.


Can't find/remove online account from Evolution

This is because the default "Ubuntu Online Accounts" (uoa) are different than "Gnome Online Accounts" (goa).

GOA have a little halfglobe-plug icon
UOA have a little globe-with-keys icon

Yours are GOA accounts, so they do not show in the UOA (default) online account interface.

Here is how you can get to them.

Go to a command line prompt and run the following, which will bring up the standard System Settings inteface, however it will now contain the GOA and UOA icons.

env XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=GNOME gnome-control-center

This is clearly confusing as noted in:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-control-center/+bug/1040193

My issue is that GOA is what evolution now uses as the UOA package seems to have disappeared from current saucy as of 3.8.5-1ubuntu3.

evolution-data-server-goa  (adds GOA accounts to evolution, as in your example above).
evolution-data-server-uoa  (adds UOA accounts to evolution, which is more desirable IMHO).


New Ubuntu Install to replace existing Windows Plex Server

Q 1: Should I remove the larger 6TB HDD?
Answer: You don't need to, if you are very very careful
I assume the drive you want to install Ubuntu is /dev/sda, and the other two drives are /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc. Specifically the larger 6TB HDD is /dev/sdc.
As you know the Ubuntu installation process shows you a dialog regarding which drive and partition(s) will be modified when you press the Install Now button:

In the image above the drive sdb will be used to install Ubuntu.
Your installation should say sda, assuming that is the right drive where you want to install Ubuntu. If it says sdb or sdc, then use the Go Back button.
Q:2 Suggested partitioning
I suggest you use the Erase Disk and Install Ubuntu option to erase /dev/sda. This will delete everything in this drive. If you have any data or files of music or pictures back them up and copy them in a different drive.
It is not clear if you want suggestions for partitioning the other two drives. In any case, without knowing your specific needs I can't tell you how to partition these, other than the minimum of creating a single partition covering the whole drive for each drives.
Assuming you are the only user you can mount the Documents partition, probably /dev/sdb1, at /home/$USER/Documents.
Hope this helps


Where can i get a version if ubuntu compatible with a laptop running ME

I have a laptop that, at the moment, runs Windows Millenium Edition.

So around 10 years old. History tells us that in 2001, mid-high-end laptops computers from that era ranged around 600-850MHz Pentium III-M mark with around 256MB of RAM. This is probably slightly newer than 2001 but who knows how good it is. No USB (becoming widespread in 98) so probably fairly low end.

It's essentially a less powerful Raspberry Pi, without the (relatively) powerful graphics and without USB... Probably using several hundred times as much power.

My honest answer? Throw it away and buy something just five or six years old that has loads of USB ports.

But no, you should be just be able to run the 32bit versions of Ubuntu. Obviously I'd suggest something cut-down like Xubuntu, Lubuntu... But yeah, if you can, bury this one far, far underground.


Possible duplicate of Apache error "Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name"

Except maybe instead of setting the ServerName to 'localhost' you want to set it to your server's actual (DNS) hostname, or the IP address depending on your DNS setup.


How to start `gnome-keyring-daemon` outside of Unity?

In order for gnome-keyring-daemon (and other gnome bits) to work properly they needs to live within a dbus session shared by other portions of the desktop environment. The best way to do this is probably to use one of the gnome+i3 repositories floating around in order to launch i3 via a gnome-session. I have a work-in-progress home directory only solution (no system file edits) at https://github.com/dragon788/i3-gnome-homedir drawing on previous work by TheMarek, lvillani and MeanEYE (also on Github).

I don't explicitly start the gnome-keyring stuff in mine (using gpg-agent and/or keychain instead), but you could potentially do it via .desktop files in ~/.config/autostart or adding the respective .desktop names minus the extension to ~/.config/gnome-session/sessions/gnome-plus-i3.session (in my repo above) to trigger during the session startup. The other repos with gnome+i3 may give you more examples to draw from.


You can easily find this most of this information out with the dmidecode command:

sudo dmidecode -q

It may be a little verbose though. To find out information about a specific device, you can use the -t type argument. More information on that is here, http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2008/11/how-to-get-hardware-information-on-linux-using-dmidecode-command/

Another option would be to use lshw

sudo lshw

To find out the disk usage of your hard drive, you can use the df command:

sudo df -h


Cannot adjust headphone volume under XPS 17

You're using the SPID digital output instead of the analog output. In your Dell XPS, you have three audio ports. One for Line-in/Mic, a second for SPID audio and the third for analog audio. Use the Analog audio port and under the Audio settings (Output Tab), select Analog Speakers or alike and not Headphones!


Lubuntu/Ubuntu 13 Audio clicking in power-save mode

OK, I've just come across a solution that appears to work, even after a reboot.  I found the solution here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1788483 but I'll paraphrase in case the link stops working.

  Open terminal and type:

  gksudo gedit /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/intel-audio-powersave

  Find this line:

  INTEL_AUDIO_POWERSAVE=${INTEL_AUDIO_POWERSAVE:-true}

  and comment it out by putting a # in front of it like this:

  # INTEL_AUDIO_POWERSAVE=${INTEL_AUDIO_POWERSAVE:-true}

  Just below this line add a new line, like this:

  INTEL_AUDIO_POWERSAVE=false

  So now you will have:

# INTEL_AUDIO_POWERSAVE=${INTEL_AUDIO_POWERSAVE:-true}
INTEL_AUDIO_POWERSAVE=false

  Save the file (File > Save) and exit.

  Reboot your computer.

  The clicking/popping sound will be gone.

Essentially this will stop the Intel driver from putting the hardware into sleep mode.  Not ideal, and hopefully a future update will fix it, but hopefully this will be of help.


Ubuntu 12.10 is an old, non-LTS version, and is not supported nowadays. The currently supported versions are 12.04, 14.04, 15.04 and 15.10. You won't be able to make security updates and find newer package versions in such an old Ubuntu version. Please consider upgrading.


How to move windows to another workspace without switching workspace?

wmctrl lets you manipulate windows. You can bind keyboard shortcuts to the following commands:

wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -t 0  // Move active window to workspace 1
wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -t 1  // Move active window to workspace 2
wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -t 2  // Etc...

wmctrl - man page


What does error : "prefix" is not set and error: "prefix" not found means?

According to bcbc (who is very knowledgeable about Wubi):

  The message about the 'prefix not being set' is innocuous (happens on every 11.04 wubi install on every boot).

Source: Answer #2 to this question on Launchpad.

That is to say that this error message always occurs, even on Wubi systems that are working properly. If you're experiencing (or used to experience) an actual problem, it's actually unrelated to that message.


sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -f

This will install any and all unmet dependencies and complete the installation of whatever it was you were trying to install that did not complete as a result of said unmet dependencies.


If a card reader + its driver are PC/SC compliant in windows, is it PC/SC compliant in Ubuntu?

If the reader is CCID compliant, it would appear that the answer is yes. From http://pcsclite.alioth.debian.org/ccid.html#CCID_compliant:

  The USB CCID specification published by the USB Workgroup aims to normalize USB smartcard readers, in order to have a single driver (supplied once for all with the operating system) for virtually any reader from any manufacturer.

  PCSC-Lite project includes an open source CCID driver. This driver has been tested with SpringCard CSB6 on GNU/Linux, and should work on the other operating systems targetted by the project.

Since PCSC-Lite is pc/sc compliant, and CCID is included, this should imply that all CCID compliant readers can be used in PCSC-Lite, a PC/SC compliant driver. http://pcsclite.alioth.debian.org/

Per http://pcsclite.alioth.debian.org/ccid.html#CCID_compliant

  To know if a smart card reader is CCID compliant and should be supported by this driver but is not listed bellow

  Just get the source code of this driver and do:

tar xjvf ccid-x.y.z.tar.bz2
cd ccid-x.y.z
./configure
make
sudo ./src/parse > output.txt


I read sm-mta as sendmail MTA (Message transfer agent). That seems to make sense based on the error message.

sendmail is a program that relays email messages around, either letting applications send email through it, or accepting email and routing it towards mailboxes.

So a couple of things:

You've got sendmail installed! It's a horrible application so unless you've got a good reason for it to be installed, I suggest you nuke it.

sudo apt-get remove sendmail

If this moans about wanting to remove other applications which are dependent on the sendmail package, weigh it up. If those applications just need something to provide default-mta or mail-transport-agent, consider using postfix which provides those roles.
If you need a local MTA (to handle email), I suggest postfix. Nice, fairly simple and very capable.

sudo apt-get install postfix

If you need sendmail (ie something has a hard dependency on it that you can't replace), then you want to look at fixing this specific error. Something like this might work:

makemap hash /etc/mail/aliases.db < /etc/mail/aliases


After a lot of searching, I was finally able to get Ubuntu Server to install. If anyone happens to have the same problem, I had to:

Follow the instructions here to prepare a 32-bit Ubuntu Server 17.10 image with EFI.
Boot into the EFI installer. Using rEFInd, the EFI version was the only option, but double check to be sure.
If you get a CD-ROM could not be mounted error in the installer, follow this solution. With Ubuntu Server, I had to execute a shell via the installer instead of pressing alt+f1.
The "Configure the package manager" step of the installer would briefly flash a progress bar and then go back to the main installation menu for me. To fix this, here's yet another askubuntu solution.
The installation should proceed smoothly from there.
Booting from GRUB kept hanging at parts. There seems to be a problem with the Ubuntu firewire driver. To fix this, edit the Ubuntu grub option with e and add this line to the end: blacklist=firewire_ohci. I'm not sure if this disables firewire on the system or not, as I have no devices to test it with
The system won't boot with the AMD card. Change the line in the grub entry that ends with ro by adding nomodeset to the end
Make the changes in GRUB permanent, first by opening /etc/default/grub and changing the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="nomodeset". Run sudo update-grub after saving the changes.
Add the line blacklist firewire_ohci to /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

I haven't checked to see if all of the hardware is functioning correctly yet, but I at least have a bootable system now.

I pulled the information about configuring grub from here and here.


why do you have /home partition even you can't use it?

A /home/ is intended for personal documents; not for software installation. Besides that not all computers are just by just 1 user and this saves a lot of space for all of us.

If you do want software installed in /home/ you can though: install from source and you can tell during compiling that installation directory should be something in /home/.

If your system is full with 30 Gb you should consider examining why. I never go over 15Gb and that is with apache and mysql and a fairly large database. Maybe there is something you never use that can be deleted.


Getting my brother MFC-J825DW working as a network scanner

Updated answer for January 2019

There is a new single deb installer package on the Brother website that installs both printer and scanner drivers. This makes installation much easier.

Download the 'Driver install tool`.
Open bash terminal and navigate to download folder.
Unzip the file...

gunzip linux-brprinter-installer-2.2.1-1.gz

(version number will probably change, so watch for that).

Change to superuser or use sudo for the following commands:

bash linux-brprinter-installer-*.*.*-* MFC-J825DW

Agree to prompts and select to use ip address (11 or I when I did it) , then enter the printers ip address when prompted. You can find the address on the printers touch screen display from the 'network' menu if you don't know it.

Old answer, which concerned what to do if you entered the wrong IP address, however it is probably outdated and I suggest trying to rerun the Driver install tool and re-entering the ip address again when prompted.

I think this is a case of only being stuck until you ask for help.  Soon after posting this I decided to check the ip addesses of the printer and scanner.  Sure enough I'd entered a different ip for each one somehow.  Since the printer worked and the scanner didn't, I made the assumption that the scanner had the wrong one.

To correct this I had to enter the following line at the command prompt:

brsaneconfig4 -r SCANNER

This command removed the scanner with the incorrect ip address.  Then I simply added it back again, making sure the ip address was right this time.

brsaneconfig4 -a name=SCANNER model=MFC-J825DW ip=192.168.3.3

Note: You should probably set the scanner up to a fixed ip in the router, otherwise you may have problems later on when it gets assigned a different ip when the router is reset.


Why is pulseaudio only working properly in system mode (for me)?

Have you tried looking at the logs? There are a few different log level settings.

Check the man page (http://linux.die.net/man/1/pulseaudio) for information on how to set it. If you can work out at which point it's hanging, then you might be able to see if there's perhaps a permissions issue on a file it's trying to access.

Generally if something works as root, but doesn't as a user, it's guaranteed to be a permissions thing...

Hope that's helped!

Edit: Just re-read your question - spotted that it's not just a root thing, but still, the first step is to look in the log files...


Yes - create a file named music and put the following inside it:

#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello world"

Next, type chmod +x music - this makes the file executable. You can now type ./music to run this script.

It's a good idea to type echo $PATH and copy the script into one of those directories. I would suggest creating $HOME/bin and adding that to your PATH via ~/.bash_profile or ~/.profile. This can be done by adding (to one of those files): export PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH". You will then need to run source .bash_profile (assuming you put that in that file) to reload it.

Another alternative would be to add the command you want to run as a bash alias. You can do this by adding the following to a file named .bash_aliases in your home directory:

alias music='vlc --some-option --foo'

Run source ~/.bash_aliases or logout and login and it should work :-)


Not booting from laptop when trying to boot from an external USB drive

Did you use USB creator and copied live Ubuntu CD?

Or you installed Ubuntu on the external hard disk and then trying to boot from that disk?

If your answer is first one, then first try to boot your laptop from live CD. If it boots, either bios settings may be problem or you may try again creating USB from live Ubuntu. If it does not boot even with live CD then there may be some hardware issue with your laptop (like unsupported drivers).

If your answer is second one, then hardware configuration of your laptop and desktop must be different. And installed Ubuntu may have drivers for your desktop and it might be conflicting with laptop hardware. This mostly happens with display drivers. Live installation auto detects the drivers and sets them. While installed Ubuntu tries to use installed drivers.


I cannot find .asoundrc in the home directory, does it exist in 14.04?

.asoundrc is not created by default. This file is only used to add user-specific parameters as you want to do now. So yes, you can create it manually. You can find more info in the ALSA project wiki.


Unfortunately, due to *.msv being proprietary in nature, it is extremely unlikely you'll find a way to actually play this file (unless Sony releases information on how to decode that file, which in itself is pretty unlikely).

Your best bet is to find a Windows machine that can convert the .msv into a .mp3, .wav, or *.ogg file and then playback the file in Ubuntu.


You installed Ubuntu first and then windows operating system. So, Boot-loader of Ubuntu is no longer exist in mbr.

Now You have to recover Ubuntu boot-loader. To do that visit instruction given on Ubuntu help: Recover Ubuntu After Installing Windows


How can an exfat filesystem be 53% used with zero files and directories?

It appears that you didn't properly eject the removable storage when you had it connected to the Mac, resulting in a corrupted file-system. Regardless of Operating system (this applies to Ubuntu as well) it's important to sync to flush the buffers and/or safely eject removable storage to avoid corruption and possible data loss.

  Some USB devices, such as a flash drive or a memory card connected with a USB card reader, must first be ejected before they can be removed from your computer or shut off. The device is ejected to ensure that nothing is being written to the memory card when it’s removed. If you remove the device without first ejecting it the information on it can be corrupted.

Note: emphasis mine.

Source: How do I safely remove a USB device from my computer? - Tech Ease


Upgrade WUBI installed Ubuntu 12.04 LTS to 14.04 LTS

The upgrade won't touch Windows. However, it will need plenty of free space - upwards of 3GB. So if you have the free space, go on ahead.


Need help getting my 8yr old kid to use the Terminal

I would not try to push my 8yr old daughter to use the terminal, especially to do something that is far more convenient doing from GUI (open a video file).
If she is smart, she will learn to use the terminal when the time comes and because she notices it is better, faster and easier to use for certain tasks.
Putting obstacles in her path to force her will only lead her to believe that Linux/Ubuntu is unusable and push her to use Windows or Mac.

I would rather install some kids software to learn programming and/or concepts of IT:
See

Learning programs for Kids
Programming environment to teach kids about the concepts of programming
A good and fun way to learn programming?

Or show her how useful the terminal can be: Buy her a Raspberry PI and make some cool projects together with her, e.g. a live webcam for her pet.


Introduce PostgreSLQ password automatically using psql and -F parameter in bash script

TL;DR: just remove -W from your psql options.

  "When I execute this command, always the password request is prompted
  even if I use PGPASSWORD variable to set up"

"Always ask for the password" is what the -W option is for. In particular it happens before checking with the server if a password is needed, which depends on the rules configured in pg_hba.conf.

From psql manpage:

  -W, --password
     Force psql to prompt for a password before connecting to a database.

  This option is never essential, since psql will automatically prompt for
     a password if the server demands password authentication. However, psql
     will waste a connection attempt finding out that the server wants a
     password. In some cases it is worth typing -W to avoid the extra
     connection attempt.


How to connect to a server via webdav in ubuntu 17.10

Ok, I figured it out.  You can connect by going to Other Locations, then connect to server is at the bottom.


Force refresh the GUI of an individual application

One of the things you could try is to backup package-related configuration files and data that you don't want them to get removed during "purge".

Then purge package, then install package again.

apt purge <packagename>
apt install <packagename>

As a general advice, make sure you have the latest upgrades by issuing

apt update
apt upgrade

Slightly offtopic: you can consider switching to more recent LTS(16.04), it might be that problem you encountered(and many more) are already got their fixes in Xenial.


Where to put custom .bashrc stuff, in .bash_local?

Startup scripts are a bit of a maze, aren't they?

I believe that it basically works out that .profile is executed for login shells -- i.e., what you'd get if you login remotely -- and .bashrc is used for non-login shells, assuming you're using bash. .profile sources .bashrc, so in general you'd put stuff you always use in .bashrc, like additions to the default path and other environment settings. I believe the general convention in *nix systems and bash is to do most of the customization in .bashrc; I haven't seen .bash_aliases on Red Hat-family Linux distributions or the Unix systems I've used. I don't remember ever seeing a .bash_local.

The way .bash_aliases is sourced seems like a good model, so it might be tidier to do your customizations in another file, adding this to the end of .bashrc:

# Local customized path and environment settings, etc.
if [ -f ~/.bash_local ]; then
    . ~/.bash_local
fi

It can be helpful to look at /etc/skel, where the default user scripts are that are copied to new users' home directories, and at /etc/profile and /etc/bash.bashrc, which are system-wide defaults.

I think the underlying assumption to all of this is that the user can do as the user pleases with personal copies of .profile, .bashrc, etc., so no presumptions are made about what is or is not in them.


Lost transparency in KDE after installing fglrx video driver

Got it back.....!
I removed the fglrx driver, installed fglrx-update and created a new user account.


I am not exactly sure if you mean this >

When I get that I type a | which renders a error and returns me to my cd dir.


The default application to do that is logrotate. The config file has some examples on how to rotate. But something like this:

/var/log/mail.log
{
    rotate 7
    daily
    missingok
    notifempty
    delaycompress
    compress
    postrotate
        reload mail.log >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
    endscript
}

for a 7 day rotation.

But! Do have a look at your mail.log and see if what is put in there is not an ERROR or someone abusing your system as a relay to send out spam.


Glob behavior differences between script and command line

Your function needs to be

ldr () { ls -dlrta "$@"; }

use the quoted form "$@" to use all the arguments, with whitespace protected.


This seems to be a matter of taste. I shut down to save on energy bills, but honestly, I would shut down my Ubuntu systems anyway, since they are so quick to boot.


firefox and other apps not starting in livesession

Your issue sounds like a disk I/O bottleneck. DVDs are terribly slow compared to what we are used to nowadays, especially if you have an older drive and/or the DVD is dirty or scratched and often requires multiple read attempts.

An Ubuntu live session that runs from a DVD will therefore perform quite terribly on anything that requires loading lots of data from the disk, like booting up and starting applications.

If possible, try to flash the Ubuntu installer iso onto a faster USB drive instead and try again, that should make a significant difference to the DVD.


How can I get the public key for ubuntu 10.04 update manager?

Looks like you're using a PPA (personal package archive). These make packages available to you that aren't part of Ubuntu.

If you don't want this, you can disable the PPA by looking in /etc/apt/sources.list and/or /etc/apt/sources.list.d for the appropriate entry, and either removing or commenting it out. Then Update Manager should work correctly again.

If you do want the PPA enabled, then the easiest way to fix the problem is to remove the entry as above, and then adding it again using the add-apt-repository command. This command both adds the PPA and automatically and securely retrieves and enables the correct key.

Alternatively, you can get the key from here. Save that (the part including and between BEGIN PGP... and END PGP...) to a file and import it using sudo apt-key add <filename>. But note that this method is not secure, since you are retrieving the key over an unencrypted channel.


When I start VirtualBox 4.2 via terminal, what do the warnings mean?

That's Qt (a GUI framework) related > GUI of the VirtualBox manager. It should not compromise the VirtualBox instance or the guests running in the VirtualBox instance.

My guess is that you can safely ignore those warnings, as they indicate some flaw in the GUI implementation of the VirtualBox interface.


Why do I get this error when I mount a machine using SSHFS?

Change noauto to auto -- right now you've explicitly disabled auto-mount!

and add Batchmode=yes

Mounting sshfs via /etc/fstab may fail if no network connection exists at that point.

If you have that problem, this post details a fairly concise way of setting up ifup/ifdown scripts that will mount/unmount sshfs upon network link up/down.


How do i figure out the user name on a laptop I bought

Open a terminal, and then use a command like "id", "whoami", or even "ls /home/" should do on a fresh install.


How to disable mouse scrolling in Ubuntu?

You may be referring to the touchpad. If so,

Go to System Settings -> Mouse and Touchpad -> Touchpad tab -> Scrolling,

click  Disabled


No GRUB, Boot-Repair-Disk asking me to close package managers.... How to proceed?

You do have boot loaders installed. I suspect you're reading the following:

=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.

That, however, refers to BIOS-mode boot loaders. Your system, however, is clearly booting in EFI mode, and there are EFI-mode boot loaders on your EFI System Partition (ESP; /dev/sda2 in your case).

EFI boot loaders are registered with the firmware, and the Linux efibootmgr tool can display information on them. Your Boot Repair output includes this information on lines 1081-1108:

Boot0003* UEFI: Built-in EFI Shell  Vendor(5023b95c-db26-429b-a648-bd47664c8012,)..BO
Boot0004* UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot0007* Hard Drive    BIOS(2,0,00)..GO..NO........o.S.a.m.s.u.n.g. .S.S.D. .8.5.0. .E.V.O. .2.5.0.G.B....................A...........................>..Gd-.;.A..MQ..L.2.S.N.1.X.N.G.A.0.C.8.1.2.3. .H. . . . ........BO..NO........o.W.D.C. .W.D.1.0.E.Z.E.X.-.0.0.B.N.5.A.0....................A...........................>..Gd-.;.A..MQ..L. . . . .W. .-.D.C.W.3.C.0.F.L.N.T.V.D.Y........BO
Boot0008* UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot0009* UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot000A* UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot000B* UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot000C* UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot000D* UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot000E* UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot000F* Unknown Device    BIOS(b,0,00)..GO..NO........i.P.N.Y. .U.S.B. .2...0. .F.D. .1.1.0.0....................A.......................<..Gd-.;.A..MQ..L.P.N.Y. .U.S.B. .2...0. .F.D. .1.1.0.0........BO
Boot0011* UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot0012* UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot0013* UEFI: PNY USB 2.0 FD 1100 ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(12,2)USB(1,0)HD(1,70,1d19f90,c3072e18)..BO
Boot0014* UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot0015* UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot0016* UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot0017  UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot0018  UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot0019  UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot001A  UEFI: Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(11,0)03120a000000ffff0000HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)..BO
Boot001B* Windows Boot Manager  HD(2,e1800,32000,a58a1cd6-0de6-44ef-ba6e-a358cdc2952b)File(EFIMICROSOFTBOOTBOOTMGFW.EFI)..BO

Two things jump out at me about this output:

There is no ubuntu entry, as there should be.
There are multiple duplicate entries for Samsung SSD.

You should be able to fix the first problem with the following command, typed from the emergency disk you used to run Boot Repair:

sudo efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sda -p 2 -l //EFI//ubuntu//shimx64.efi -L "ubuntu"

(If the system complains that there is no efibootmgr command, type sudo apt-get install efibootmgr to install it.)

That command should create an ubuntu entry and make it the default. That said, it's possible that the ubuntu entry does not exist because whatever has caused the redundant Samsung SSD entries to appear has messed up the NVRAM data and pushed the ubuntu entry out. This type of problem could also prevent the new entry from "taking." If so, there are at least a couple of possible workarounds:

You can use efibootmgr to delete the redundant entries. Typing sudo efibootmgr -b 0004 -B will delete the Boot0004 entry. Repeat the command, but changing 0004 to each of the Samsung SSD entries in turn, to delete them all (or perhaps just all but one of them). Do not delete the various entries other than the Samsung SSD -- those all seem to be valid, and I've seen EFIs flake out if you delete certain necessary entries.
You can use the firmware's setup tool to reset all the firmware options to the default. This may eliminate all the NVRAM entries, whereupon you'll need to use efibootmgr to re-create the ubuntu entry, as just described.

If you continue to have problems after trying this, I recommend you read the following pages for more background information before trying anything else:

Adam Williamson's blog entry on how EFI works -- This page describes the theory behind EFI-mode booting.
My page on installing Linux on EFI systems -- This page is a more practical introduction to EFI-mode booting than Adam Williamson's blog.

With any luck, the information on those pages will help you understand EFI-mode booting, which should help you debug EFI boot problems and, if you can't figure it out yourself, ask the right questions.


How to move config files during snap install

For the purpose of this response I'm going to assume the application contained within your snap has command: my-binary.

You really have two options:

Wrap your application in a script that ensures the config file has been migrated before running. For example, if you wrote a script called run-my-binary that looks like this:

#!/bin/sh

# Migrate config if necessary
if [ ! -d $SNAP_COMMON/my.config ]; then
    cp $SNAP/conf/default.conf $SNAP_COMMON/my.config
fi

my-binary

Change your snapcraft.yaml to install this script, and change your app to command: run-my-binary.
Use the configure hook, which runs upon initial install (among other times). That can be a shell script that looks very similar to the wrapper.

Note that while I wanted to answer the question you asked, I don't really recommend putting config files in $SNAP_COMMON since it's specifically unversioned-- it won't be backed up when you upgrade/rollback. I recommend using $SNAP_DATA instead. For more information see this answer.


Dual booting Ubuntu 12.04 and 14.04 [same drive]

I have found a better way to do this. I have partitioned the drive as follows.

ext4 - 25GB; ext4 - 25GB; swap - 4GB; ext4 - remaining [to be used to store data]

So now I have 2 operating system in the 25gb partitions and use the data partition as a common data drive. I have written a complete tutorial if anyone is interested.

How to dual boot 2 Ubuntu OS


Eigen installation seemed to work, but I still can't make eigen work

The eigen3 header files go in a subdirectory /usr/include/eigen3 e.g.

/usr/include/eigen3/Eigen/Array
/usr/include/eigen3/Eigen/Cholesky
/usr/include/eigen3/Eigen/CholmodSupport
/usr/include/eigen3/Eigen/Core
/usr/include/eigen3/Eigen/Dense
/usr/include/eigen3/Eigen/Eigen

so you will need to specify the additional include path on your compiler command line, for example

g++ -std=c++11 -I/usr/include/eigen3 first_eigen.cpp -o my_exec

Alternatively (and possibly more portably), you can use the pkg-config database to automate the inclusion, i.e.

g++ -std=c++11 `pkg-config --cflags eigen3` first_eigen.cpp -o my_exec


If you've set ufw to enabled then you've enabled the preset rules, so it means ufw (via iptables) is actively blocking packets.

If you want more details, run

sudo ufw status verbose

and you will see something like this

$ sudo ufw status verbose
Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing)
New profiles: skip

which basically means that all incoming is denied and all outgoing allowed. It's a bit more complicated than that (for example ESTABLISHED - requested - packets are allowed in), and if you're interested in the full set of rules, see the output of sudo iptables -L.

If you have a public IP, you can use an online test to get an idea how good the filtering is, for example www.grc.com (look for ShieldsUP) or nmap-online.

You should also see messages about blocked/allowed packets in logs (/var/log/syslog and /var/log/ufw.log).


Virtualbox Bridged network ethernet cable disconnecting

grep managed /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf to see if network manager trying to DHCP an address and fails. On top of the whole wireless confusion  sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 only sets ip temporary (until you reboot or restart the service) you need to set static IPs in /etc/network/interfaces like this:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.1.1
netmask 255.255.255.0


When you change the permissions of the folder, use 'Change Permissions for Enclosed Files' or 'Apply Permissions to Enclosed Files' button:

Or just use chmod with the -R option. You can use the table on this page:

chmod -R 757 /PATH/TO/FOLDER

or you can change the owner with chown - see here:

chown -R USERNAME:USERNAME /PATH/TO/FOLDER


I've had this happen to me before. The data has clearly been written to the disk if you hold it to the light but for some reason it registers as a blank disk.

Solution:

Toss it in the garbage and try again with another disk. Also, try changing the burn speed; some people say that you are prone to less errors if you burn the disk at a low speed.


How to discover if dpkg --configure -a would do anything if invoked?

From the dpkg man page:

-C, --audit
          Searches for packages that have been installed only partially on
          your system. dpkg will suggest what to do with them to get them working.


my windows os not showing when i try to create a dual boot

GRUB2 does not recognizes Windows Vista/7/8/10 boot loader. But you really don't need to.

Even so, you can install Ubuntu's distros without lose any data: just select the installation type option "something else" and resize the Windows partition (If you don't have enough space for Linux yet). Then, you can create the necessary partitions: a Swap partition with the same size as your RAM memory, and at least one ext4 partition to mount "/"... you can even set two partitions; one for the system (mount point "/") and one for the data (mount point "/home").

Now you can install without worrying about losing data. But once you get your Ubuntu installation you won't be able to boot Windows... don't dispair: you can fix it by using Lilo, a program that allows you to restore Windows MBR (Master Boot Record):

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lilo
sudo lilo -M /dev/sda mbr

Of course, you must be sure that your physical hard drive is "/dev/sda" (if you only have one Disk, it must be this... else, you can use Disks utility to verify).

Then reboot, and you will be able to boot Windows (but only Windows). Now it's time to restore Linux boot (yes, another restore): donwload and install EasyBCD (http://neosmart.net/EasyBCD/); an application to manage multiple boots. Here you can add a new entry on the boot list for Ubuntu (selecting GRUB2) and aiming to the ext4 partition where Linux is installed, and you can even decide what OS will be the default option. Don't be afraid, just make a backup of the MBR... EasyBCD allows you to. It have a very intuitive interface. You won't have any problem to use it, I hope.

It can happen, too, that some crazy future update on Ubuntu restore de GRUB2 original boot... then you won't be able to boot Windows; once again, don't dismay: this can be fixed using Lilo...

sudo lilo -M /dev/sda mbr

Abraham Medina.


How can I block access to my Windows partition from Ubuntu?

You can disable the icons from appearing on your desktop if you search for Media options in settings for your distro/desktop. Nothing will be touched on the Windows partitions unless you configure it to, or double click one of those icons which will mount the drive. That is easily un-doable by clicking the eject button I the file manager though.


How to get Rhythmbox running on another user account to see the audio CD I inserted?

You probably need to add your user to the 'cdrom' group. System > Admin > Users and Groups provides a handy GUI app.


Install indicator-cpufreq as a package through web

The following will download and install the Oneiric version of indicator-cpufreq, and a dependency it has, namely the libcpufreq0 package.

wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/c/cpufrequtils/libcpufreq0_007-1_i386.deb
wget https://launchpad.net/~artfwo/+archive/ppa/+files/indicator-cpufreq_0.1.4-0ubuntu1~oneiric1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i libcpufreq0_007-1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i indicator-cpufreq_0.1.4-0ubuntu1~oneiric1_all.deb

If you are unable to access the internet at all from your workstation, you may simply download the two files on an another computer that does have internet access, and transfer the two debfiles over using a USB key or some other medium.

libcpufreq0 - Install first
indicator-cpufreq - Install second

You can install deb files by double-clicking on them in Ubuntu.


Why can't I install more than one application at once?

That's because each package has specific details about how it can be installed.

Post-processing for a package sometimes has follow up (symlinking, documentation generation, et cetera). Such processing may pre-depend on other processes having completed.

This isn't a Linux flaw. It's a "computation" flaw. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting_problem).

No package manager can determine if it's successfully installed the dependencies shy of actually trying to install. Windows is not immune from this.


How to 'freeze' my running tensorflow with cuda installation

If there are specific packages that you would like apt to not update, you can "hold" them:
sudo apt-mark hold <packagename>

This will allow all other updates to be performed as normal. If you decide to update the software in the future, you can "unhold" the package like this:
apt-mark unhold <packagename>

Be aware that there is a possibility that holding a package for too long (several years) can result in warning messages when updating software that relies on newer versions of that package.


What you should do is:

Save / Finish Up Whatever you're doing in the GUI (LightDM/Unity).
Go to a TTY Session (CTRL+ALT+F1).
Login with your username and password.
Stop LightDM.
Downgrade Gnome Terminal
Start LightDM.

I'll start from step 4.

Step 4: Stop LightDM

To stop lightdm, enter the following command:

sudo service lightdm stop

Step 5: Downgrade Gnome Terminal

Command(s):

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gnome-terminal=3.6.2

Step 6: Start LightDM

Command:

sudo service lightdm start

You should then be directed to the GUI login screen. Volla!

See this post for more information.


How to prevent openjdk-6-jre-headless from clobbering Oracle JDK installation?

Answering my own question:

I used https://askubuntu.com/a/55960/23678 to install Oracle JDK. As you can see, these instructions invoke update-alternatives with a priority of 1. When openjdk-6-jre-headless installs itself it sets a priority of 1061 (where a higher priority replaces lower ones).

In order to fix this problem I simply gave Oracle JDK a priority higher than 1061. When openjdk-6-jre-headless installed itself, it no longer clobbered Oracle JDK as the default.

UPDATE: To update OpenJDK's priorities I simply re-ran:

sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0/bin/java" 2000
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0/bin/javac" 2000
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javaws" "javaws" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0/bin/javaws" 2000

with a priority of 2000 instead of 1 (the priority is the last command-line argument).


How do I fix a "User timeout caused connection failure" error?

The bootstrapping quickly is to be expected. In most environments the bootstrap will actually spin up a machine, when you're working with a local deployment it just creates the first LXC container and sets up networking. So this typically takes 10-20 seconds. The magic happens on the first deployment, as explained in this local configuration question, this is when Juju downloads ~300MB server image and creates the "master container" which all future deployments are based on.

Now, the error your receiving appears to state that there's a timeout trying to reach the Juju Charm store. I wasn't aware of any outages, but it might be because you're behind a proxy or some other kind of networking issue/timeout. I'd recommend trying again (juju destroy-environment -e local) then re-bootstrap.

If you're having proxy issues, you can download charms locally using Bazaar:

mkdir -p ~/charms/precise
cd ~/charms/precise
bzr branch lp:charms/mysql
juju deploy --repository=~/charms local:mysql

While the directory can be anything, the important item to follow is each charm needs to be in a series folder (following the Ubuntu release names). Outside of that you use --repository which instructs Juju to search here for charms, and the local: prefix tells Juju that the deployment will be from that local --repository path.


Is there a text to speech software that allows you to save the audio for later?

You can do this with Espeak from the repository.

The command options are simple (man espeak).  You can pipe text through espeak or use the -f <text file> option to have it speak a text file.

The normal output is the audio sound.  Use the option --standout > filename.wav to save the output to an audio for later.

These steps will create a file, hello.wav.  The first line will create the file.  The second line will play the file.

$ echo "Hello, I am a computer." | espeak --stdout > hello.wav
$ mplayer hello.wav

This will create a wav file of a text file.  The second line will play the text file.

$ espeak -f readme.txt --stdout > readme.wav
$ mplayer readme.wav

Note:

You can turn a PDF file into a text file with pdftotext, then process the text file with the steps above.


OpenSSH 7.6 introduced reverse dynamic proxy as a native option. It is implemented entirely in the client, so the server does not need to be updated.

ssh -R 1080 server


Ubuntu one on a single computer with Windows and Ubuntu

I am not familiar with SkyDrive. It appears to be a Windows specific service. If it is, presumably you cannot run it in Ubuntu.
With for instance DropBox you can specify the folder that you want to be synchronized with the cloud. If your Windows folder is accessible in Ubuntu, you can specify it for synchronization. Then you would not duplicate your files locally.


Compress files menu: password grayed out

The selected compression option does not support it. Select a different one from the list after the filename. According to the documentation:

Currently, only 7-Zip, ZIP, RAR and ARJ archives support encryption


If I'm not wrong, then I guess you are talking about recording "Stereo Mix" or loopback Output.

  In layman's terms, Recording Stereo Mix means recording sound from speaker output.

Here's how to do it:

Install pavucontrol from Ubuntu Software Center.
Install audacity from Ubuntu Software Center.
Select pulse* as recording device in Audacity.
Click Record Button.
Open PulseAudio Volume Control (Search For PulseAudio Volume Control in Dash).
Select Recording Tab.
Now You Should see ALSA plug-in [audacity]. If you do not see ALSA plug-in [audacity], make sure you have clicked Record Button in audacity. You should be running recording in audacity while performing next step.
Select "Monitor from *". See screen shot.

Now you should be able to record the sound you hear from speaker or headphones.

  Note: Tested in Ubuntu 12.10
  Reference PulseAudio - Ubuntu Wiki


Should have read the PPA description...

To install this version:

apt-get install handbrake-gtk

Instead of handbrake (the default version in Ubuntu's repositories) so obviously it could not upgrade using

sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade handbrake


Where are the button images for the Ambiance theme?

These buttons are rendered on-the-fly by the theme engine (Murrine for GTK+2, Unico for GTK+3, both created by Andrea Cimitan). There are no images.

But if you need to generate vectorized images of GTK+3 widgets, you can use the gtk-vector-screenshot tool.


Command menu in aptana studio 3 is not working in ubuntu 14.04

Had the same issues here. Solved it by installing the Jave RE from Oracle. Downloaded the archive from the Oracle site and then followed the procedure as described below.

Extract the folder from the archive.
Copy the folder to /opt/Oracle_Java/ (I had do create this folder).
Run the following commands. (Note: Make sure to change the VERSION according to the version you download from Oracle).

sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/opt/Oracle_Java/jre1.8.0_VERSION/bin/java" 1
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javaws" "javaws" "/opt/Oracle_Java/jre1.8.0_VERSION/bin/javaws" 1

Then run these commands:

sudo update-alternatives --set "java" "/opt/Oracle_Java/jre1.8.0_VERSION/bin/java"
sudo update-alternatives --set "javaws" "/opt/Oracle_Java/jre1.8.0_VERSION/bin/javaws"

After installing Java, you can run Aptana.

You should start Aptana with export UBUNTU_MENUPROXY=0. I use a small script to start it (make sure to adapt the path):

#!/bin/bash
export UBUNTU_MENUPROXY=0
/path/to/Aptana_Studio_3/AptanaStudio3


Remove all packages installed from a PPA?

You need the ppa-purge utility to downgrade all the packages installed by the PPA and disable the PPA.

Since you have removed the PPA from your sources list, you have to add it back.

Then, run:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:<your_ppa_name_here>

Then you can install LibreOffice 3 from the official repositories.

Regards.


Ubuntu xfce need more disk space (Chromebook)

I've used an sd card as "expanded" storage. I format it to Ext3 or FAT, and leave it in the slot. I point my downloads and other default save locations there. It helps when dealing with large files.


Is there documentation for iso-scan/filename?

The french wikipedia article on casper says this (translated into English)

  The main phases starting...

  If requested by iso-scan / filename = / xxx, looking for an .iso image of CD whose name is / xxx

And the shell script code verifies that this is how it works.

As for a comprehensive list of boot parameters, there isn't likely to be one for such a broad question. That's like asking if there is a comprehensive list of documentation for shell scripts. Those parameters go to the thing that gets control of boot, and as far as I know anyone can write such a thing.


Is it possible to install Ubuntu on the Asus transformer?

Native Ubuntu:

If native ubuntu works on your Asus Transformer depends on your model, as the transformer needs to be rootable with the nflash method. To find out check your serial number (next to the cable port)

If your serial number B4O-B6O, it will work
If your serial number is B70 it might work
If your serial number is B8O or higher it will not work (you can root your TF101 using Razorclaw though)

full details for installation can be found at the xda wiki

VNC:

This should work on all models, details for installation can be found in this forum thread


The utility script will make a typescript of a terminal session.  To start it:

script

Then, run your commands.  When done, run:

exit

All your commands and the responses will now be in a file called typescript.

If any of your commands produce color output, then the typescript file will contain the ANSI sequences used.  You can display the color results with:

less -r typescript


How can I disable Windows 8 Fast Boot if I don't have Windows 8?

Usually there is a service key or shortcut that resets the BIOS/UEFI to defaults, e.g. hold PgUp while switching the power on. You could maybe google whether such a key is existing for your machine or UEFI.

Once that is done, you will be able to access the BIOS again!


It looks like you've installed Ubuntu using the built-in VMware installer (VMware Easy Install). When creating the VM, try choosing "I will install the operating system later", and before you boot the VM, set the virtual CD to point to your ISO or CD/DVD.

I don't know how the built-in installer works since I've never used it, but I think it lets you enter the details and then it automatically installs the OS. Maybe there are problems with how it works with Ubuntu 12.10.


Cannot pair Huawei freebuds 3 with Ubuntu 20.04

I've had the same problem with Ubuntu 20.10
I followed the instructions here to reset the earphones
https://forum.huawei.com/enterprise/en/huawei-freebuds-lite-right-bud-not-working/thread/632973-891
basically keeping the button pressed for 10s. and then re-pair them
now they work


Desktop only visible on small portion of the screen on old Dell Inspiron 1100

Are you still able to use system with it being in corner, or is it too small.

If you can use it, you may want to check to see if there is a proprietary driver available to install for your Intel Graphics.

In your version of Ubuntu, I think it in software sources and last tab is drivers. If it finds display driver, enable it. Then reboot.

Edit

Commenter may be right, I didn't notice the low video/system ram. You may want to use something lightweight like Lubuntu, possibly Xubuntu


Ubuntu 13.10 on Asus EEE PC - Possible Issues?

I've used Ubuntu on my Asus EEE PC (it's the 1005HA model from 2010, came with Win7 Starter) since v10.04, upgraded every release.

It runs fine! It became more with recent versions, and so I recently switched from the default Unity desktop manager to Gnome Fallback which works perfectly well.

Some more intensive applications run slow or just make the fan go nuts but it's a really low power machine, so it's not meant to run loads of applications at once.


VMWare Installer unable to load gtk: No module named gtk, falling back to console

I followed the guide to uninstall and re-ran the command line installation and it was successful. Still not clear what the issue was!


How to fix location of Windows from second grub

Alex, You installed Kubuntu using wubi, that's called inside windows installation not alongside.

In  wubi installation , kubuntu splits windows bcd file and creates entry for kubuntu.  When kubuntu crashed, you needed  to fix windows bcd using rebuild bcd command as guided here, beacuse grub installs after splitting windows' bcd file.

This will remove old grub completely. After this You will able to boot windows only , and you need to reinstall grub. After successfully  grub installation you will get both boot entries.


no application icons (quicksynergy or florence) in "Indicator Applet Complete"

You can whitelist all icons in tray, with

gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Panel systray-whitelist "['all']"

It does not work for all apps, for example for KeePassX that I use. In such a case you can configure the app to not use the system tray.


Installing Printer Hangs 13.04 : public key is not available:

If you have no recollection of adding that source, please verify that your system is not compromised. Is possible that you will need to reinstall the system. For resolving any other case a simple:

sudo sed -i '/openprinting/d' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo sed -i '/openprinting/d' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list

Then sudo apt-get update should fix the situation.


How to delete sub-folders but keep all the files?

a combination of the two answers above might work.

step 1.

find oldLocation -type f -exec mv {} newLocation \;   #find and copy all files.

step 2.

rm -frv oldLocation

You might want to reword your questions, it's not very clear what the behavior you want is.


Incompatible group permissions in Linux - Is it a bug?

What are the permission of /home?  You need +x permissions there as well.

Also, you need to use su - sachin to get to full environment of the new user.

Note that the man page for useradd now says:

   useradd is a low level utility for adding users. On Debian,
   administrators should usually use adduser(8) instead.

If you're using a desktop/GUI version, things usually work out more easily with the users-admin tool.

The user with the active shell won't inherit the new group in this session (assuming you're doing it as in the example, or by script) -- you need to have a new shell for that user to test the group membership.  (Unless you are root.)  This is a longstanding Unix behavior -- so you would typically start a new shell process for the user, e.g., by opening a new terminal (which spawns a new shell, reading your environment by default), or by spawning a new shell for the user in the same terminal.


As first, do a reboot (while this may not be neccesary it removes an possible error factor). Then open up System Settings --> Language Support. There select on the language tab once your preferred language like shown in the following screen-shot and click on apply system-wide.

Then so the same for the settings on the regional formats tab:

Afterwards do another reboot and your problem should be fixed.


Press CTRL+SHIFT while keeping them pressed, press and release U then type in 00BF, release CTRL+SHIFT, then you will have your ¿.

Source:W3


Executable text file (like a bat file) that will automatically run in a new terminal when you open it

To run a command in a terminal (for example, top) you can do:

gnome-terminal -e top

So you can put this in a file, call it for example mytop,  with content:

#!/bin/bash
gnome-terminal -e top &

Then you make the file executable (with the file manager, or with the command chmod +x mytop) and when you double click on it, a terminal with top running in it is open.

Caveat: if you exit top, the terminal will exit too. If you want a shell after the command exit, a little trick is needed:

gnome-terminal -e "bash -c 'top; exec bash'" &

Be careful with the quotes --- you can substitute "top" for the command you want and you're set.


where/when can i buy a native ubuntu superphone?

The Ubuntu Phone FAQ mentions the following:

When will it be available to buy?
This depends mainly on our partners’ roadmaps, but we are working with these partners today and expect the Ubuntu to be available on phones during 4th quarter 2013 or in early 2014.

You can register here to be notified once they are available.


Task Manager Won't Let Me Set Task Priority

I was having the same problem, I tried opening task manager using the terminal command "sudo xfce-taskmanager" and I was able to open it with privileged access but I think it doesn't launch with privileges by default because you can accidentally really mess stuff up. Sorry I'm pretty new to Ubuntu too, so I don't really have much more information.


Can not install skype on ubuntu 12.04. How to solve this error?

Try via GUI Ubuntu Software Center? http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/skype

or download from Skype.com
http://download.skype.com/linux/skype-ubuntu-precise_4.2.0.11-1_i386.deb


18.04 on Win10 VirtualBox - cannot boot the installer

After installing VB 5.2.26, when trying to create the machine there were no 64-bit Versions listed. They were there for VB 6 so why not now? I pressed on with 32-bit, downloaded 14.04.5 (the most recent 32-bit version I could find) and started the install. I got the error:

VT-x is not available (VERR_VMX_NO_VMX).
Result Code: E_FAIL (0x80004005)
Component: ConsoleWrap
Interface: IConsole {872da645-4a9b-1727-bee2-5585105b9eed}

It's Enabled in BIOS, shows Enabled in Windows. Did a little research and found the error can be caused by Hyper-V being greedy and not wanting to share VT-x, but I have Win10 Home so supposedly no Hyper-V. In fact, it's not even listed in Installed Components. But I found an old thread on another board about a completely unrelated topic that included the following two commands (Win Command Prompt):

To disable Hyper-V in order to use VirtualBox, open a command prompt as administrator and run the command:

bcdedit /set hypervisorlaunchtype off

You’ll need to reboot, but then you’ll be all set to run VirtualBox.

To turn Hyper-V back on, run:

bcdedit /set hypervisorlaunchtype auto

and then reboot.

I ran the "off" command and was surprised to see it completed successfully. Rebooted and Ubuntu 14.04 and 18.04 have now installed without issue in VB 5.2.26.


Error adding menuentry Windows 10 after reinstall Ubuntu

Changing the menuentry to below:

menuentry 'Windows 10' {
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)' #No 'space' between 'root' and '='
    chainloader +1
    }

works for me. I tried this and it took me back to Windows bootloader (installed in my sda1). So I guess it should work for you as well.


Problems installing and booting Ubuntu/Grub

Resolved, the problem was that instead of having a EFI/Legacy option in my BIOS, it listed each entity twice when selecting a boot device. All I needed to do was select "UEFI: (USB Drive Name)" when installing off the live USB.

Thanks Oldfred for helping :)


Cannot access installed applications from HUD

Login to Ubuntu and use Ctrl + Alt + F1 to enter TTY. Next, enter user name, password, and run the following command.

Code:

unity --reset

Wait until the process is complete and your user name appears again. Use Ctrl + Alt + F7 to renter the desktop environment

source


pdfcrop is provided by the texlive-extra-utils package in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu. Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install texlive-extra-utils

Type pdfcrop /path/to/pdf_document from the terminal to run pdfcrop, and a new cropped pdf document will be created alongside the original pdf document.


How to install drivers for NVIDIA GT210?

I was having the same problem, and I fixed it by running the following commands in the terminal:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia* ## remove the previously installed proprietary driver
sudo reboot
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-340

That worked for me. Let me know how it goes for you.


The file menu of Openshot is missing. What should I do?

Export your video using shortcuts:

CTRL + X  - Export project as MLT XML

CTRL + E - Export the current project as a video file

Uninstall OpenShot completely
Install OpenShot back

Software Center should do.

Or:

    sudo apt-get -s purge openshot (to see/simulate what packages will be uninstalled, I do it this way because I consider it safe)
    sudo apt-get purge openshot (if previous step is OK, remove openshot completely)
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install openshot


Are there plans to support the WWF file format?


From the lspci output you provided, it does not look like your computer has a WWAN card. You can probably install one, but before buying, I would open the machine and verify that wiring for antenna is present. If you look at the picture here you can see a WWAN card installed at the upper left side of the computer.

Note that WWAN cards typically has to match a whitelist for that particular model. You should check which cards are delivered by default for your model. With a bit of luck, you can find it for a good price on eBay.


Buying a new laptop with a Trinity AMD card in it?

Review: Phoronix. They are using 11.04 in this review.

One of the AMD Linux engineering systems for Trinity is running nicely even on Ubuntu 11.04 with the Linux 2.6.38 kernel. The CPU string is AMD Eng Sample 2M252057C4450_32/25/16_9900_609 and its graphics are the Trinity Devastator Mobile with 512MB of video memory and an AMD Pumori motherboard. The PCI ID on the Trinity Devastator appears to be 0x9900. This Trinity APU is quad-core and running at 2.50GHz. The current quad-core Llano offerings are clocked at 2.6GHz (A6-3650) and 2.9GHz (A8-3850), while this Trinity part is clocked slower, it's numbers are nice compared to my A8-3850 Linux system.
It appears that the graphics acceleration support for the Trinity Devastator is in place as of the fglrx 8.90 release stream. It's nice to see the Trinity APU working with Ubuntu 11.04, albeit on the proprietary driver. By the time Trinity is officially out, Ubuntu 12.04 LTS should be here and hopefully with mature support and perhaps some performance optimizations within the GCC compiler.

So yes it works. And works well.
The AMD Radeon HD 7670M (7-series in general) used to be a problem but no more since 11.04.


Not sure why it happens, but to make it 'shut up' you can install missing language support by opening a terminal window and running this command:

sudo apt install $(check-language-support)


Why is Display flickering in Chrome/Chromium of Zenbook UX303UA with Google Plus?

It's a bug in Xorg 1.18 that 16.04 ships with.

You can fix it like so:

sudo nano /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

Paste this:

Section "Device"
   Identifier "Intel Graphics"
   Driver "intel"
   Option "AccelMethod" "sna"
   Option "TearFree" "true"
   Option "DRI" "3"
EndSection

Save (CTRL + O) and reboot.

Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xserver-xorg-video-intel/+bug/1586539 and
https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=606152

If this does not work, try this:

sudo apt-get purge xserver-xorg-video-intel
sudo rm /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf (for those who created this file before)
reboot

If this also does not work, please install xserver-xorg-video-intel again.

sudo apt install xserver-xorg-video-intel


Is there a way for non-experts to create new lenses/drawers for the Unity launcher?

Unfortunately there's no easy way to customize lenses, people need to write them. On the plus side they're easy for people to write, for example the Ask Ubuntu lens is about ~350 lines of code.

Please add your idea here; I'm constantly on the lookout for people to write lenses so put down some detail on what you'd like to see in the lens and maybe we'll get lucky and find someone.


maven is in the Universe repositories:

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install maven


This command definitely works for me, and it should work for you too.

sudo killall openvpn


My Ubuntu system stuck after i restored with Tar and Login

So. You've copied potantially conflicting libraries onto the new VM, and I'm guessing this may create problems for you. As this is a fresh install, I'd suggest doing the following:

Duplicate installed software:

dpkg --get-selections > packages.txt on the old system will give you a list of all packages installed on the old system.
Copy this file to the new system, and run sudo dpkg --set-selections < packages.txt
run sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade to perform actual installation according to the list.

This should give you identical software on the two systems. When this is done, you can start copying user data. /home you can copy by creating a tar archive, or you can simply run sudo rsync -avr oldhost:/home/ /home/ on the new host. This uses ssh to copy data. Repeat for other areas with user data. Databases is best copied using mysqldump.

Then add users as per the old system. If you're brave or have many users, you can simply copy the relevant portions of /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow (but DO NOT copy the system users, as they may have changed).

The next step is to start moving settings. This is a somewhat manual process; copying /etc/ in verbatim is likely to provide strange results. Copy what you actually need, and if software has changed major versions, re-implement it by looking at the old configuration.

Copying / like you've done has created a system where package db is inconsistent with what's actually installed and you have the risk of old, conflicting libraries and binaries.


The 'plus' and 'asterisk' refer to 'preferred' and 'current', respectively. You can look at more detail by adding --verbose to xrandr.
To make the rate change permanently you could try to make a script that sets it every time you boot, as described here to an external monitor, just changing the actual script shown there to the one you already have.


How do I get Bibilioteca running on Wine?

В Ubuntu 11.04 программа работала нормально(стояло Wine1.3).После обновления до Ubuntu 11.10 и обновления Wine1.3 до Wine1.3.31 - появились проблемы.Убрал Wine1.3.31 и поставил Wine1.2 - всё заработало как и в Ubuntu 11.04.Буду рад,если это поможет.

Google Translate:

In Ubuntu 11.04 program worked just fine (standing Wine1.3). After upgrading to Ubuntu 11.10 and upgrade to Wine1.3 Wine1.3.31 - appeared problemy.Ubral Wine1.3.31 and put Wine1.2 - it worked as well in Ubuntu 11.04.Budu happy if it helps.


Colors on one monitor appearing far darker

Different displays look differently. Esp. when they use different technology, like OLED and TFT. Your laptop and your monitor will have a configuration with special button combinations. E.g. you can make your laptop brighter or your monitor darker, refer to the vendor documentation of the device.

It may be that you laptop cannot get brighter, in that case you need to make your monitor darker for matching both. Same for color or contrast, usually the range of your monitor will be wider than the range on your laptop (not in all cases), so it's about making your monitor look worse then, and not making your laptop look better, if both should look more equal.

Note that there are dynamic changes, e.g. a laptop can change its brightness depending on the energy setting (with / without power adapter connected). Also there are time of day dependent modes that make the screen more yellow in the evening, so at day both are equal but at night one might look more orange.

However, the best way is called "color calibration", which is a normal process for people doing design work on a computer. This will get you the best results: help.ubuntu.com. However, you need special equipment for color calibration.

Summary:

Open the energy settings and disable dynamic brightness help.ubuntu.com, help.ubuntu.com
Disable redshift night mode askubuntu.com
Adjust the brightness and color (!) of your screen using the screen buttons.
Adjust the brightness of your laptop using special buttons (e.g. FN-Key and a sun-icon)
Done that, afterwards start a screen calibration if necessary. See link 1.


I would suggest Docky , which is a free application that I use alot! Just run sudo apt-get install docky. For the icons you can just look around, With docky you may also have multiple dock :)


You have to compile curl with sftp support first.

Download and unpack the curl source. After that:

sudo apt-get install build-essential debhelper libssh2-1-dev
sudo apt-get source libcurl3
sudo apt-get build-dep libcurl3

cd curl-x.xx.x/debian

nano rules

find and replace "--without-libssh2" with "--with-libssh2"

cd ..

sudo dpkg-buildpackage

cd ..

sudo dpkg -i curl_xxxxx.deb
sudo dpkg -i libcurl3_xxxx.deb
sudo dpkg -i libcurl3-gnutls_xxxx.deb

Update the commands with the adequate versions, ofcourse. More info here.


pm-suspend-hybrid
       Hybrid-suspend is the process where the system does everything it
       needs to hibernate, but suspends instead of shutting down. This
       means that your computer can wake up quicker than for normal
       hibernation if you do not run out of power, and you can resume even
       if you run out of power. s2both(8) is an hybrid-suspend
       implementation.


Why is this command starting endless terminals and how to make it work?

To run a command in gnome-terminal, and safely pass arguments to it, you should use the -x option, since this avoids having the line parsed by two shells.

#!/usr/bin/env bash
gnome-terminal -x youtube-dl "$@"


Unable To Write To Samba Home Directories

Well it seems like the create mask = 0775 and directory mask = 0775 was causing the problem. I'm not familiar with the permissions and exactly what they do but I ended up fixing it by commenting out those lines.


Persistence is the capability of an OS to keep files over boots. It may store your files on your RAM, which is always cleared every boot (that's the design of RAM). To make your OS persistent, it needs to be installed on some kind of writable (non-read-only) drive.

Losing your bookmarks is a perfect example of an OS that isn't setup to be persistent.

Live-session is a non-persistent version of an OS (particularly a Linux derivative). Either from USB or CD, your files created from a live-session won't save after reboots/logins. It's used to test the operating system, not use it fully (it's very similar to a kiosk).

You need to make sure that Ubuntu is actually installed, not just running off the USB the  entire time.

Can you start Ubuntu without the USB in the computer?

Did you ever run something called "Install Ubuntu" from the USB drive?

Did you ever set a username, password, location, etc when installing ubuntu?

Look for something like "Install Ubuntu" on the live-session if any of those questions answer to "no".

If you did really install Ubuntu, it might be a permission issue that you are losing your bookmarks. Open a terminal and enter ls -lA / and post the output on a new question describing the problem more.


Apache2 - Virtual Host - Error 404 Not Found

That's not how virtual hosts work, I'm afraid ;) Virtual hosts are used to host multiple independent sites on the same web server.

"Back in the day", one machine hosted one website under one address. Say, your webserver hosts the website "www.my-site.tld". The files for that site (html, css, javascript, images, scripts, ...) are stored at /var/www/. Therefore, in the Apache config the DocumentRoot would be set to that directory, /var/www/.

If you now pointed your browser to http://www.my-site.tld/welcome.html, it'd display the file /var/www/welcome.html. To structure your site, you could use subfolders. So, for example, if you pointed your browser to http://www.my-site.tld/holidays/summer2001.html, it'd display the file /var/www/holidays/summer2001.html.

So far so good. But what if you wanted to host more than one website on the same machine, on the same host? Multiple websites under different addresses, that are (if you look at them "from the outside") competely independent from each other, not just different subdirs inside the same website? That's where virtual hosts come into play.

In a virtual host configuration you can set many directives not globally for the whole webserver, but per website. Say, you're hosting two websites on the same webserver, "www.my-site.tld" and "www.my-other-site.tld". For that, you can use two virtual host configurations, for example

<VirtualHost *:80>
  DocumentRoot /var/www/my-site/
  ServerName www.my-site.tld
  ServerAlias my-site.tld
  DirectoryIndex welcome.html
  CustomLog /var/log/apache2/my-site.access.log "combined"
  ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/my-site.error.log
</VirtualHost>

and

<VirtualHost *:80>
  DocumentRoot /var/www/my-other-site/
  ServerName www.my-other-site.tld
  ServerAlias my-other-site.tld
  DirectoryIndex index.html
  CustomLog /var/log/apache2/my-other-site.access.log "combined"
  ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/my-other.error.log
</VirtualHost>

You see, the DocumentRoot is defined differently in each virtual host, same for the ServerName, same for the ServerAlias and so forth.

I hope I could illustrate the idea of virtual hosts, and why virtual hosts and subdirectories inside the same host are two different things. To make it even more complicated, you can have subdirs inside a virtual host ;) Say, the address http://www.my-other-website.tld/tournaments/finals2015.html with the above config would point to /var/www/my-other-site/tournaments/finals2015.html.

Some other things you might come across, but that I can't go into in detail here:

If you're using addresses, domain names and such, you need to make sure that everybody knows where to find them. Just setting ServerName my-cool-site.com doesn't let "the internet" now where to direct requests for my-cool-site.com to ;) For that you'd typically use DNS by buying (in fact, it's mostly more renting, because you need to renew it every so often) the domain name and setting up a dns entry to the effect "if anybody's looking for my-cool-site.com, send them to server such and such".

When you use an ip address instead of a domain name, for example http://127.0.0.1/webstuff/how-dns-works.html, it doesn't change the principles shown above. In fact, if your server has assigned multiple ips to it, you can differentiate them in your virtualhosts. <VirtualHost *:80>' means "apply this to requests for any ip, on port 80". If your server has192.168.2.101and192.168.2.102assigned to it, you can differentiate between those ips in your virtual hosts.would only apply for requests directed to192.168.2.101, not for requests directed to192.168.2.102`.

If you want to call your webserver from the same machine it's running on and don't want to use an ip directly, you can typically just say "Show me the webpage on the same host I'm on now, on the local host". For that, typically the special hostname localhost is configured. So you could type something like `http://localhost/thats-a-long-answer.html' into your browser's address field.

Typically you have a common "parent directory" where all your virtual hosts DocumentRoots are under. For example, you could have all your virtual hosts as subdirs of /var/www/. It's not strictly necessary do use that structure, but it has proven to help you keep track of things, in contrast to storing your websites all over the place ;)

To include a directory from outside a virtual host's DocumentRoot, you can use an Alias. Say, you add to the virtual host config of "www.my-site.tld" a directive like

Alias /sports /home/john/some-sports

In that case, http://www.my-site.tld/sports/soccer.html would point to /home/john/some-sports/soccer.html.

But such cases are prone for permission problems. The files in /home/john/some-sports are typically owned by the user john, so the user your webserver software (Apache) is running as may not have access to them.

All that might be a bit much do digest all at once, but those are some of the basic concepts you need to understand to successfully run a webserver. It's not as complicated as it might seem on the first glance.


Getting 32-bit grub to automatically boot Ubuntu

In theory, typing sudo update-grub should do the task if your GRUB is based on Ubuntu's GRUB. If not, sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg should do it.

Alternatively, IF your installation is of a 32-bit Ubuntu, you might find it easier to install my rEFInd boot manager. You can install the PPA and it should set everything up automatically to boot without GRUB. This will work only on a same-bit-depth basis, though -- that is, if you've installed a 32-bit Ubuntu on a 32-bit EFI (or more commonly, a 64-bit Ubuntu on a 64-bit EFI). If you've installed a 64-bit Ubuntu on a 32-bit EFI, you'll still need GRUB to do the job.


Is there a DocBook reader for following in-progress documents?

Once I created a huge technical specification and used XMLMind for editing the source file in DocBook format. For conversion to Pdf used some java tool.
source


DHCP dns stopped working on ubuntu 18.04

If you know which name servers you would like to use, you can add them to Netplan.
Look in /etc/netplan for a .yaml file and open it. For example:
$ sudo vi /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml

You are going to see something that looks like this:
network:
    ethernets:
        eth0:
            dhcp4: true
            dhcp6: false
            match:
                macaddress: 00:01:02:03:04:05
            set-name: eth0
    version: 2

NOTE: Yours will probably look a little different. Do not worry if your file is just a few lines long.
Create a new nameservers item under the device section followed by an addresses item. Note that spacing is very important here.
network:
    ethernets:
        eth0:
            dhcp4: true
            dhcp6: false
            nameservers:
                addresses: [1.2.3.4, 5.6.7.8]
            match:
                macaddress: 00:01:02:03:04:05
            set-name: eth0
    version: 2

Do change the IP addresses here to proper addresses. If you would like to use one of the more popular services for DNS, here are the addresses:

Provider
Addresses

Google
[8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]

Cloudflare
[1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1]

OpenDNS
[208.67.222.222, 208.67.220.220]

Level3
[209.244.0.3, 209.244.0.4]

Once done, save the file and then apply it:
$ sudo netplan apply

Test the DNS Servers are being used with this:
$ systemd-resolve --status | grep 'DNS Servers' -A2

You should see something that looks like this:
         DNS Servers: 1.1.1.1
                      1.0.0.1

Done.


Check if you have all correct drivers installed.
Install CPUFreq Indicator, It lets you control your system’s CPU speed. There are 2 modes: Performance and Powersave. You can select via the option on the top right corner of the screen.

    sudo apt install indicator-cpufreq

Install PowerTop

    sudo apt-get install powertop

Run it a few times (not connected to charging adapter) for calibration. These readings are PowerTop checks how much power is used by components like screen, using all cores, using wifi etc. and gives you a set of readings which you can inspect as to what is draining up battery. In Tables, Bad indicates a setting that’s not saving power, although it might be good for performance. Good indicates a power-saving setting is in effect.

Install TLP

TLP has several capabilities of both the tools mentioned above in terms of managing power settings. It lets you do a lot of things with power management by tweaking the settings. Also, refer to the TLP Power settings and configurations documentation

Some tips
    Keep screen brightness lowest possible yet visible. Keep Bluetooth and Wifi Off unless needed. Connect an ethernet wire if need be. See what processes are running in background on startup. Disable unnecessary processes.


wifi network disappears after connecting

Am not sure either.  I was looking for an answer to a similar question.  My wireless is disappearing after about 10 hours and I can't restore it minus restarting.  In your situation; do a ifconfig -a and see if the WiFi interface is even there at all.  If it is not then it likely the driver for it wasn't compiled for it or is not loading for some reason.

You can also do a lspci -v to see if the device and driver are linked.  In my case I see this:

0d:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1000 [Condor Peak]
    Subsystem: Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1000 BGN
    Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 52
    Memory at c4500000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
    Capabilities:
    Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi

If you notice my kernel driver is "iwlwifi" in this example. You can also check /var/log/udev, /var/log/syslog and /var/log/kern.log for indications to why it didn't load.


put this link in your browser http://ubuntu-releases.mirror.net.in/releases//precise/ubuntu-12.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso your download will automatically starts.
OR

Download flareget download manager from here.Put the above mentioned link in the flareget->Add URL option and click start,your download will starts.


EDIT: Boost-latest is not being updated since 2014 and the latest version on it is 1.55

The boost-latest PPA contains all the versions of libboost and fixed it for me!

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:boost-latest/ppa
sudo apt-get update

now you can install the version you desire, the latest at the time of writing is 1.55:

sudo apt-get install libboost1X.55-all-dev


Installer says no Operative System Found

The fact that there is no OS on it is exactly what that error is saying. There is not boot-able file system on the disk. The disk is clean, unallocated space. You have to create a partition on it for you to see one. The installer can do this automatically if you chose for it to install without going to "Something else". You should be bale to re-size the partition size if you do not want it to take up the whole disk.


Swift - No ring is created when deployed using juju

The swift rings are not created and distributed to swift-storage units until the object replica count can be fulfilled by back-end swift-storage services.

I'd recommend reading the README from the swift-proxy charm - specifically the sections on zone assignment - to understand how the swift-proxy and swift-storage charms interact with each other.


Sorry to say, but no. I need to completely disable the output device.

I've got a script (pinned to the launcher) that I used in 11.10 to switch between output devices (speakers and headset) with one click rather than going through several clicks via the indicator app to accomplish the same thing.

The script seems to not be able to skip through the HDMI device of my HD 6870 without disabling the device completely.

Sad, it worked so well in 11.10 to be able to disable the device from the sound settings applet.  It's frustrating when a new release (especially an LTS) loses functionality rather than gains it.

One step forward, two steps back I guess.


Windows installation using WUBI was dropped from 12.10 to 13.04 as a means of concentrating development effort. There is no method to upgrade such an installation now, nor will there be.

If you want Ubuntu 13.04 or later versions alongside your Widows-Installation you will have to install it by booting from a Live Medium such as a DVD. You can then copy the /home folder and other files to the new installation.

If you want detailed instructions take a look at this question:

How can I install Ubuntu without removing Windows?


Kiosk mode computer with the sole purpose of showing one webpage

You can start Firefox in full screen mode like so

firefox --kiosk ubuntu.com

Please notice that it works only if there is no Firefox window already open.
How to escape from the kiosk window of Firefox:

In Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and the Firefox version in January 2020: Escape from kiosk mode with F11 which is good during the development phase.
In Ubuntu 20.04 LTS and the Firefox version in June 2020: F11 no longer works to escape fro kiosk mode, but alt+F4 works (to close the Firefox window).

This link should help you refreshing the web page in Firefox.

  Firefox also has a number of add-ons available for it to help you
  refresh your tabs automatically in your browser. Most add-ons will
  work the same way and here we use one of those called Tab Auto
  Refresh.


Drivers for Epson Expression Premium XP-620

so to get the linux drivers for Epson, one starts here http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/?OSC=LX

and entering xp-620 takes you here http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/du/02/DriverDownloadInfo.do?LG2=EN&CN2=&DSCMI=55539&DSCCHK=5ef6ec128765534a989152269045f12fc58077f2

and for a 64bit ubuntu, epson would recommend the epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.6.13-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb

when you click to download, the dialogue box should offer to "OPEN" the package; accept that, as it means the installer will OPEN the package .. meaning install it .........

for any printer, there are 2 steps:
1) set up the drivers
2) register the printer: ie tell the system about your new machine

the above installs the driver; you might need to go to PRINTERS and select ADD so it adds the new machine;

converse is, ubuntu may do it all for you; but perhaps use a different driver; so if you end up with 2 icons for the printer, right-click on each; select PROPERTIES and look in MAKE & MODEL to see which is which .....


Open: Edit -> Preferences -> General -> "When new messages arrive:"

Unchecking the Show an alert-Box should do the trick.

If this does not help, try to disable the extensions / addons to trace down which is causing the issue.


Finally found the way to manage the default Network Manager with the command line. I need to use the command nmcli:

nmcli -p con up id "Hotspot"

I still need to create some sort of logic. A command with an if statement that activates the hotspot if eth0 is active but I am having troubles figuring it out.

With this command maybe I can work with the logic

nmcli -t -f device,state d