About your first point, how to remove icons from top menu bar, according to my expierience you can just uninstall the features / programs you don't need, and they will disappear from the top menu bar.
If you don't use Ubuntu-one for example, why keep them on your system also using resources and have them in the autostart anyways ?
As for the wifi, you may just disable your wireless card instead of removing the driver / modules completly. You may do this by blacklisting the modul (driver).

The programs are usually located under : /usr/bin and /bin

There are basically 2 ways. The fastest is to install a "Installer" first, by opening y terminal and type : sudo apt-get install gedebi After that you have a option in your right-click (context) menu which allows you to : "Install with gdebi installer"
And then there is the option to build programms from its sourcecode. Which needs a bit more attention , but should definatly be mentioned here.

That pretty much depends on your personal needs and flavour. But as for average usage all the pre-installed software is professional enough. The LibreOffice suite for example is a mighty software suite which does not have to hide behind its commercial alternatives. The Torrent Client (Transmission) does anything as perfect as it should be - but, as an example, if you would need to use sock proxy connections you may need something like Deluge.

There are lots of tools to customize your Unity Desktop environment. For example : MyUnity or the dconf and gconf tools. You also are free to install different Desktop environments like Gnome or Xfce or Openbox which are far more custumizable then Unity is. You may just test them using LiveCD's of different Distributions to get a better picture about them.

I guess you are talking about the "theme colour" which is influenced by the color of your wallpaper. At first you may want to change the Desktop appearance by : right-click --> Change Desktop Background and see how the different wallpapers are affecting the transparent colour of the dash and launcher.

Just play around with everything, learning by doing helped me a lot. Linux is a world full of freedom and creativity, you literally can do everything with linux OS.
Have in mind the the terminal is almighty, it gives you access to almost anything you can do, configure etc on your machine. Also keep in mind that Ubuntu develops in a direction which gives the user more comfort on a cost of customizability. Therefore know that Linux is far more then Ubuntu, play around a bit with liveCD's (Live USB Thumbdrives) and recognise that the best Linux is simply that one which fits your needs the best. have fun and ask in the Forums, here or in the IRC channels for help. We are all Humans, we all are one family. Have Fun (-:


Simply running wine /path/to/skyrim.exe should open Skyrim using Wine.

As pointed out in the comments you can go the extra mile and put this in a fule named Skyrim.desktop on your desktop:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Skyrim
Exec=wine /path/to/skyrim.exe
Icon=some-icon
Type=Application
Categories=GTK;GNOME;Wine;Game

If this fixed your problem/answered the question please click the check mark between the ^ and v on my answer!


Mediatek RT3290 Ubuntu 16.04 driver, UEFI mode issue

I think you mean Secure Boot, not UEFI. Secure Boot is one optional feature of UEFI. Your firmware is UEFI (which is EFI 2.x; I often use "EFI" to refer to either EFI or UEFI), not a BIOS, despite the fact that many people, and even manufacturers, refer to EFIs as "BIOSes." Thus, you cannot disable your EFI, although there is a partial exception: Most EFIs provide a Compatibility Support Module (CSM), which enables them to launch BIOS-mode boot loaders. Some EFIs permit enabling the CSM (aka "legacy boot support" or something similar) and disabling the booting of native EFI-mode boot loaders, thus making the EFI work like an old-school BIOS. In most cases, though, enabling "legacy boot support" makes it possible -- but not required -- for the computer to boot in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode. For more on the confusion created by CSMs, see my page on the topic.

Secure Boot is another issue. This optional feature is designed to prevent pre-boot malware from launching. Unfortunately, it can also be a royal pain if you want to launch obscure OSes, use third-party drivers, etc. Ubuntu supports Secure Boot, but its third-party drivers are an exception to this rule. Thus, you may need to disable Secure Boot, or at least loosen its grip on the system once the Linux kernel has launched. Recent versions of Ubuntu provide a feature that enables you to do this with the settings you've described.

I've heard some people claim that their EFIs permit disabling Secure Boot only by also enabling the CSM. I've never seen a firmware that's set up in this way, but some EFI setup utilities can be quite confusing. Thus, I'm not sure if the reports I've seen are accurate (which might explain your reporting it in the way you have) or if the people reporting such configurations are missing an option. I show several examples of how to disable Secure Boot on this page of mine.

At the moment, it sounds like you're booting in EFI mode -- switching to BIOS-mode booting would require re-installing GRUB (or some other boot loader), but with Secure Boot enabled. If you want to boot with Secure Boot enabled and still use a third-party driver, you'll need to sign that kernel module with a Secure Boot key that you "own" and whose public key is entered in your firmware or your Machine Owner Key (MOK) list. I don't know of a page that provides step-by-step instructions for doing all of this, and in fact it's complex enough that I can't provide detailed instructions off the top of my head. It is possible, though. As a starting point, you might try reading my page on fully controlling Secure Boot, and particularly the section on generating keys and signing EFI binaries. You'll need to create a Secure Boot signing key, either enter it into the MOK list using MokManager or replace your usual keys and add your own, and then sign the new kernel module with a binary called sign-file that comes with the Linux kernel source code.


Openstack new instance error: "Profile is currently in use"

I tried this solution three times on the same bundle of Openstack LXD, and I've resolved that issue:

After I've added the bundle of Openstack (bundle) on Juju GUI I've first removed and then re-added the charm of LXD re-making the same its own configuration. Then I continued with the deploy of the bundle obtained this result:

For the problem on neutron-gateway I've opened a post here, but I'm waiting the solution.

At the end of all the procedure I've tried to create a new instance and the problem in all the three times is disappeared.

and

I don't know if the developers had fixed some bugs on this bundle, but making for three time the same procedure the creation of new instance worked fine without issue.


How to create an ad-hoc wireless network in Ubuntu

Install dnsmasq-base. This should take care of your problem.

sudo apt-get update # update the software database

sudo apt-get install dnsmasq-base # install dnsmasq-base


How can Ubuntu 18.04 be configured to use X instead of Wayland?

I have a w520 with a quadro 1000M and the Nvidia 390.77 driver from the standard repository works fine. Forget Wayland, it doesn't work with Nvidia. If the Nvidia drivers are installed, logging in with Wayland (little gear icon on login screen) will switch drivers to Intel, on which the external monitor will not work.  Check your UEFI settings for a setting to enable the external video port(s).  Nothing special needs to be done if the Nvidia drivers are installed and in use.  If they do not automatically get used when installed, check the files in /etc/modprobe.d for any that blacklist nvidia -- the blacklist nvidiafb is the only one which should be there.


TensorFlow: Extension file not found: 'google/protobuf/protobuf.bzl'

The problem is fixed by running this command:

  $ git clone -b 0.6.0 –recurse-submodules https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow.git

Many thanks to @steeldriver for his suggestion.


Getting an error copying from external drive to desktop

If your external Drive is FAT12/16, FAT32 or exFAt filesystem, Special Characters  like ?<>\:*|\" are not valid in the file name; you will need to rename them:

From the command line you can use command-line tools such as "rename" to replace these characters with _ or even to remove them:

rename 's/[?<>\\:*|\"]/_/g'    # Change invalid characters to _
rename 's/[?<>\\:*|\"]//g'     # Remove invalid characters


How to acces Ubuntu files (pictures) from Windows 7

I use ext2explore for accessing files in a ext formatted partition. You can find the details here: http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/33387/how-to-browse-your-linux-partition-from-windows/


Ubuntu 20.04 GNOME Flashback - how to change desktop icon text color?

gf-icon label { color: red; } should change color to red.


Is it possible to install the same version of ubuntu on the same hdd?

You can do this without any problems as long as you use a seperate partition of course.

It will show as 2 different operating systems in GRUB, so you can choose.

Of course you can screw up GRUB (if you are experimenting with GRUB) because both operating systems will use the same GRUB. This won't affect the operating systems themselves so it will be easy to fix using a live CD or something like that.

And of course you shouldn't mount the FS of your 'stable' Ubuntu on the 'unstable' one, just to be safe.


Second Monitor is not detected after upgrading to 18.04.1

Since, I do not have reputation enough to add a comment, I will add my experience here. My second screen worked before updating some packages in ubuntu 18.04. After the update and restart the hdmi port was completely off.

I have been trying different solutions such us moving from nvidia driver to nouveau and way back or executing dpkg-reconfigure gdm3. The syntoms were not having second screen detected even nor HDMI signal. The output of xrandr(xrandr --listmonitors) only printed the built-in screen (0: eDP).

My configuration is the following:

Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
kernel: 4.15.0-38-generic (uname -a)
Xorg: 1:7.7+19ubuntu7.1 (apt-cache show xserver-xorg | grep Version)
gdm3: 3.28.3-0ubuntu18.04.3 (apt-cache show gdm3 | grep Version)

At the end, the steps that worked for me were the following:

move to intel driver: sudo prime-select intel
reboot
reconfigure gdm3: sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3
reboot
restart display-manager: sudo systemctl restart display-manager
reboot

Good luck, if you suffer this issue.


Network Preferences Occasionally Defaulted upon Login

This question looks very similar. Ressu's accepted answer runs something like this:

Right-click the Network Manager applet and choose Edit Connections. Edit the connection you want to be used on login and check the "Connect automatically" and "Available to all users" checkboxes.


How do I send a notify OSD message to a remote user via ssh?

Have you tried

ssh user@host 'DISPLAY=:0 notify-send "TEST MESSAGE."'

Answer taken from
ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1240828 (without the -X option as suggested by jjmontes)


Does Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS support AMD EPYC 7742?

Maybe, but probably not without some effort. That machine has been certified for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, though, so it may be better to go with the more recent release.


Re-Installing Network Manager via Live USB?

This is happening for others also in this week...After a long research on this problem I'm deducting these possibilities:

Causes of the problem:

1) Incomplete installation. 2) Pre-released software might end up in causing so un-select it in software manager settings.

Solution : 1)Restart the network Manager. sudo service network-manager start

if this isn't work in your case download the following files manually from other pc and copy it to affected system. Click here to get those files. For 64 bit :

libnl-3-200_3.2.21-1_amd64.deb
libnl-route-3-200_3.2.21-1_amd64.deb
libnl-genl-3-200_3.2.21-1_amd64.deb

For 32 bit: 1. libnl-3-200_3.2.21-1_i386.deb.deb
2. libnl-route-3-200_3.2.21-1_i386.deb.deb
3. libnl-genl-3-200_3.2.21-1_i386.deb.deb Put them in a folder and in terminal go up to that terminal,these are Debian files so install using this command.

sudo dpkg -i lib*.deb

this will install all three files at a time. And now restart your system. Every thing works fine your network manager will come again! the actual link


make install - how to use wget, not curl

No, git actually wants libcurl and not cur itself. You can't compie git without it. Why not ask your sysadmin to install git?


Ubuntu Server won't recognize iPhone in /media

It would appear that nobody has written any "udev" rules, to automount idevices yet.

The following commands will do this for you manually:

# mkdir /media/iphone

# chown ${USER}:${USER} /media/iphone

# chmod 775 /media/iphone

# /usr/bin/idevicepair -u `/usr/bin/idevice_id -l` pair

# ifuse /media/iphone -u `/usr/bin/idevice_id -l`

You can unmount "/media/iphone" via the following:

# umount /media/iphone


Solved, simple - check first browser's settings, after use hideip-vpn add-ons it set automatically proxy as system sets. Put on "off" and it will work normal. settings-advanced-network-setting-proxy-non


That's very odd. I've heard about this issue before, but assumed it was fixed in the newer versions of Ubuntu.

Can you give the following command a shot and let me know what happens?

sudo init 0


How do I listen to song samples on the iTunes website?

In Firefox or Chrome I can confirm that clicking on the play icon does not do anything. However when you display the page source your are able to see direct links to previews in plain non-encrypted m4a format. Open these links in your browser and they will play if your audio plugin is capable to play m4a.

I suspect some broken Java implementation responsible. Maybe there is an addon anybody knows of?


Want to boot Ubuntu from integrated SD card reader

Just in case anybody is struggling with the same issue I managed to solve my problem. By installing /boot onto a partition on my SSD & the everything else onto the SD card the install is both found by GRUB and boots as it should.


"/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lboost_python-mt" error when installing pycuda 2011.2.2

There are two libraries you seem to be missing, which you need to install first.

Boost.Python

This is provided by libboost-python and ``. Or as these instructions say, to install this and some of the other prerequisites (which you may or may not already have, based on your error messages), run:

sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev python-setuptools libboost-python-dev libboost-thread-dev -y

(I wouldn't advise following all the instructions on that page to the letter from beginning to end, though, as they're not written with Ubuntu 11.10 in mind and you don't need, and probably don't want, to set your system  up to use an older compiler than is provided officially for it.)

CUDA

If you have already downloaded CUDA from Nvidia's website and installed it, then you just need to specify where:

./configure.py --cuda-root=/where/ever/you/installed/cuda

(See pycuda's generic instructions page for details.)

Before doing that, you may want to either start over from scratch or run make distclean (or make clean if make distclean is not recognized).

If you haven't yet downloaded and installed CUDA, you can do that at Nvidia's website. Specifically, on this page, grab the 32-bit or 64-bit version of the CUDA toolkit for Ubuntu 11.04 (that's the closest to your system that's available, and will probably work). If you're unsure if you have the 32-bit or 64-bit version of Ubuntu installed, run uname -m. If it says x86_64, you have the 64-bit version; otherwise you have the 32-bit version. Also grab the development drivers and SDK.

Quick links (32-bit): Toolkit Drivers SDK
Quick links (64-bit): Toolkit Drivers SDK


Ubuntu Server 14.10 same Hostname in- and outside

In Ubuntu sudo vim /etc/hostname put the FQDN. Then feel free to conform your /etc/hosts. Example below. Feel free to add your hostname.local naming scheme.

127.0.0.1   localhost.localdomain   localhost
127.0.1.1   hostname.yourdomain.tld hostname
YourIP      hostname.yourdomain.tld hostname

If you want your remote server to be reachable over the internet via its FQDN, then you need to create the relevant DNS records. Hint from here https://github.com/DigitalOcean-User-Projects/Articles-and-Tutorials/blob/master/set_hostname_fqdn_on_ubuntu_centos.md


How do I extract all files from an archive's root and all the files within folders in that archive? (That is, without the folders)

You can do it with tar

The following command line works for me (I tested it with two levels of subdirectories).

tar -xv --transform='s#.*/##' -f tarfile

Directories will also be extracted to the top level; I hope you can cope with that.

Test example

Directory to 'put into a tarfile'

$ find
.
./1
./1/hello
./1/3
./1/3/gday
./hej
./2
./2/4
./2/4/bye
./2/hi

tar -cvf ../tarfile .

Extract from the tarfile

$ tar -xv --transform='s#.*/##' -f ../tarfile
./
./1/
./1/hello
./1/3/
./1/3/gday
./hej
./2/
./2/4/
./2/4/bye
./2/hi

List files

$ ls -1
1
2
3
4
bye
gday
hej
hello
hi

If you create the tarfile you can strip/transform the file names when you create the tarfile (and need not do it when you extract the files).

tar -cv --transform='s#.*/##' -f ../tarfile .

$ tar -xvf ../tarfile
./
1/
hello
3/
gday
hej
2/
4/
bye
hi

$ ls -1
1
2
3
4
bye
gday
hej
hello
hi


Adding a Second Hard Drive to a Ubuntu Server

The Linux kernel supports software RAID (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SoftwareRAID) or even Logical Volume Management (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Lvm) without any cards or extra hardware.

It depends what sort of RAID you want to implement, but basically the steps are:

install the new drive, and create a new, degraded array (that is only the second disk without the first one)
copy all contents needed from the first disk to the new array,
make all necessary changes to boot from the new array,
reboot,
verify if everything goes smoothly,
add the old disk to the array (which destroys the original system, hence the importance of the verification in step 5.)

If you want to implement RAID-0 take care that you need a separate boot partition (/boot) which must be RAID-1 (or no RAID at all).


Ubuntu Install on Lenovo ideapad Flex 4 - Help!

cscottrun4it, the primary disk does not have a bios, it has a master boot record.  You could try to return your bios on the computer motherboard to the non legacy UEFI mode to see if that helps.  I am not too familiar with the Windows master boot record but if you have a recovery CD and instructions that might at least restore the boot from Windows if you set it up for dual boot which would require shrinking the Windows disk partition using Windows disk manager and installing Ubuntu on the vacated space.  If you overwrote Windows, then the problem lies in the data on the master boot record on the hard disk.  You might try to reinstall Ubuntu if Windows is gone.  When you reboot after the installation, you need to remove the USB thumb drive when prompted.  The data in the master boot record is what the system uses to boot the installed OS(s).  Here is one website on how to repair it.

https://pureinfotech.com/repair-master-boot-record-mbr-windows-10/


I ran the following and it worked on Ubuntu Server 19.10:
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/


Is there any way to co-locate two instances on a single physical core on a compute node?

It seems no one is interested in the topic, well there is this virsh command that one can run on the host an instance is placed on and get variety of informations. For my purpose virsh dumpxml <instance id> | grep vcpupin is helpful.


Is there a way to install on a laptop when the BIOS version is older than 2000?

I don't think it is a BIOS problem at ALL. It never is. I'm sorry, but your computer is horribly slow for Ubuntu... I found that out before seeing the minimum system requirements. A Pentium 2 @ 333 MHz with 512 MB of RAM compared to the minimum system requirements for Ubuntu is comparing a turtle to a car. Try installing Lubuntu instead. It is a version of Ubuntu with much less requirements and a lighter interface and according to their site on Ubuntu wiki, it can run on your system, although not fast enough for daily use...

In case you do not need a graphical user interface (GUI) and can use the command line (consult Google), you can use Ubuntu Server instead, which is super lightweight, but I wouldn't use it to do anything the average user does, since, sadly, it cannot do that stuff.

You can consider a $35 Raspberry Pi 2 if your computer is a desktop, and that microcomputer can run Ubuntu and is a sports car to the computer you have.


What is the difference between md5sum and sha1sum

md5sum and sha1sum implement two different hashing algorithms, MD5 and SHA-1 respectively, so the outputs will be different.

Note that, md5sum generates 128 bit hash whereas sha1sum generates 160 bit hash.

As a side note, both of them are considered cryptographically insecure now. Consider using SHA-2 family of hashes e.g. sha512sum for any implementation that requires much robustness. Although just for checking the integrity of file(s), they can be considered usable.

Also check man md5sum, and man sha1sum.

Video explaining checksums.


Error while opening Terminal and bash terminal

You can reinstall virtualenvwrapper package to ignore this error message. Try the following command to install virtualenvwrapper.

pip install virtualenvwrapper

Source : https://virtualenvwrapper.readthedocs.io/en/latest/


KDE, how to have "tail -f" constantly on a dedicated panel?

You can use KSystemLog, placing the window wherever you want.


After that source function exits, nothing is using the subfile. The script runs in  the subshell spawned by the script and sourcing any file with function definition acts as if those  functions were typed into the subshell by keyboard. During the execution of source file function it will be used by the sub shell very briefly.

You may want to add sleep function to the sourced file to test for yourself


Add external package installation repo source

Remove the trusty repository that you mistakenly added to Ubuntu 16.04. This incompatible repository is causing NO_PUBKEY errors when you try to update with sudo apt update, and there is a xenial clang 3.4 package available at http://launchpadlibrarian.net/, so you should install the xenial clang 3.4 package instead of the trusty package.
 sudo add-apt-repository --remove "deb http://apt.llvm.org/trusty/ llvm-toolchain-trusty main"
 sudo apt update
 sudo apt remove clang-3.4

Download clang-3.4_3.4.2-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb for Ubuntu 16.04 from http://launchpadlibrarian.net/.
cd Desktop/
wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/227310349/libllvm3.4_3.4.2-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb http://launchpadlibrarian.net/227310340/libclang-common-3.4-dev_3.4.2-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb http://launchpadlibrarian.net/227310332/clang-3.4_3.4.2-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb

Install clang 3.4 with the following command:
sudo apt install --no-install-recommends ./libllvm3.4_3.4.2-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb ./libclang-common-3.4-dev_3.4.2-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb ./clang-3.4_3.4.2-16ubuntu3_amd64.deb


I finally found out there was a standard ubuntu option to set this :

Open "keyboard preferences" ; in the "Layouts" tab, click the
"Options..." buton
Look for the "Miscellaneous compatibility options"
group
Select the "Shift with numeric keypad keys work as in MS
Windows" checkbox.

EDIT 1: In newer versions (eg.Ubuntu 18.04) look at Tweaks> Keyboard and Mouse>Additional Layout options>Miscellaneous compatibility options>"Num Lock on: digits; Shift for arrow keys. Num Lock off: arrow keys (as in Windows)"

EDIT 2:
Or, as suggested in XUbuntu: Make Shift+NumPad work like Windows

Use the following command as workaround:
     setxkbmap -option 'numpad:microsoft'

In order to run the above command automatically when starting the graphical desktop environment, create an Application Startup entry:
Search for Startup Applications > Add

            Name: Make Shift+NumPad work like MS Windows
  Description: whatsoever
     Command:setxkbmap -option 'numpad:microsoft'


How to delete up to a specific part of a line?

You weren't getting what you expected because regular expressions are greedy. Match anything but a comma [^,] instead of any character:

$ sed 's/[^,]*,/{/' beta.txt
{"original":"ex.com","tech":"c"}
{"original":"ex1.com","tech":"d"}

Since your edit though, apparently there's nothing consistent to match on all lines except original explicitly, so we'll have to do that... not much fun.

sed 's/.*,"original/{"original/'


how to setup split-dns for vpn with network-manager

To get the D-Bus controlled dnsmasq that NetworkManager runs to use different DNS servers, there are the following options  (obviously adjust domains and IP addresses in the examples):

Add a file to /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d that sets the DNS server for the subnet you want: myvpn-server.conf could contain server=/myvpn.domain.com/10.8.4.9. This will always be respected by dnsmasq even when not connected to the VPN, in which case queries for these domains should time out. Disadvantage is that you need to specify the IP address statically, advantage is simplicity
Use D-Bus to talk directly to dnsmasq to tell it to update the servers using something like sudo dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.dnsmasq /uk/org/thekelleys/dnsmasq uk.org.thekelleys.SetDomainServers "array:string:192.168.0.1,/myvpn.domain.com/10.8.4.9". This could be scripted when the vpn connects. You'd need to look up existing DNS servers (the 192.168.0.1 in my example) over D-Bus or using nm-cli
Use D-Bus to talk to Network Manager itself and tell it to update the servers. Here's an example of doing this using Python which would require some work to include the current servers.

I'm using the first option and have only tried preliminary versions of the other two


Open skype's Options window, select the Advanced tab and enter your desired port number into the number field on the right. You should just take care that the new port is not already used by any other application and that you chose a number greater than 1023, as those are reserved.


If you're really using an Nvidia GeForce 210 the hangup could very well just be the old hardware. Circuits age, boards start to mess up and eventually die. You're issue likely has almost nothing to do with Ubuntu and everything to do with your hardware.

I would say step up to something in the GTX series, even if it's one of the older GTX cards it should still be way faster than what you say you're using. I would avoid AMD cards as they seem to still have some issues with Linux as far as drivers are concerned.


Why isn't my upstart service starting on system boot?

I would recommend increasing the verbosity of the job, e.g. by using pre-start/post-start entries.

pre-start script
  logger "pre-start for myprog"
end script

post-start script
  logger "post-start for myprog"
end script

# and for PMS itself:
script
  logger "just before executing PMS"
  exec /home/administrator/pms-current/PMS.sh
end script

Further information at http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/

Also have a look at http://upstart.ubuntu.com/wiki/Debugging


Using microphone input port as headphone output

To find the tool to reconfigure the audio ports is this easy under Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS.

sudo apt-get install alsa-tools-gui
hdajackretask

The tool seems really easy to use. Unfortunately my hardware seems to be unidirectional as I can only select input options for the mic on my laptop.

Ps. I wanted to do this because my headphone jack is broken.


BlueZ has a daemon process named 'bluetoothd'
Issue command: bluetoothd -v to get the active or working version of BlueZ.


How do I select a layer "sitting" under the mouse cursor in Gimp?

Open Gimp preferences by going to "Edit" menu.

In "Preferences" dialog box click on "Tool Options" and enable the "set layer or path as active" option.

Close the "Preferences". Now Click on your desired object and it's layer will be selected automatically. Hare's an example!


You can get the configuration values of a service by running juju get <service-name>. That will return a yaml dump of the services config, and the current value stored in the value key.


How to force installation of nemo version 1.x and not 2.x?

The version of Nemo presently packaged for Ubuntu 13.10 is 1.8.4. So you can simply try sudo apt-get install nemo. You need to remove the 2.0 version first.


If it happens in both windows & linux on the same hardware, then try a "hardware test" (provided by the hardware manufacturer, usually run from windows).

And/or there's some "usability" setting, configured to a slightly different threshold between the two OS, e.g., "disable touchpad while typing" (just guessing), perhaps enabled Windows & disabled in linux. Or maybe one of these settings are configured to a different sensitivity level. (All this assumes it's not a hardware problem, but rather how your hands may be triggering the mouse to jump to the corner of the screen)

Also, fwiw, 16.04 is pretty old (released 04/2016); perhaps try 17.10 (released 10/2017) and see if that improves the situation. You can try a newer Ubuntu directly via a bootable USB, rather than re-installing. (Maybe try kubuntu, too, trying to tweak keyboard/mouse/touchpad settings.)


USB devices are not detected in guest OS

To use USB devices in the guest you need to download and install the Extension Pack for VirtualBox from https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads .


How many computers I can connect to Landscape if I buy only one Ubuntu Advantage subscription?

Buying 1 Ubuntu Advantage Desktop subscription includes support for 1 desktop, and Landscape management for 1 desktop.

The number of UA subscriptions you purchase is reflected in the number of independent devices you can register into Landscape.


Where is save data base made in mysql-workbench?

MySQL is a database and you're expected to interact with the database through tools (MySQL Workbench, the mysql command line tool, etc.) rather than directly interact with the files on disk.

In order to do a backup, for instance, you would do an SQL dump of your database rather than copying the database files themselves.

To find the files, run the SQL command show variables where Variable_Name = "datadir" — but again, you shouldn't interact directly with these files on a regular basis.


No HDMI Audio on Radeon 6770 connected via HDMI to my TV

Try the below code in terminal

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Edit the line

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="radeon.audio=1"

Run:

 sudo update-grub

Restart the system

Alternatively, and if this does not work, consider installing the proprietary driver for your ATI graphics card.


After update the KDE login no longer is displayed, but a blank screen

OK, I got everything working with the latest kernel. This is what I did:

Enabled the grub boot list by editing the /etc/default/grub file.

    GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu
    GRUB_TIMEOUT=10

Booted into the last working kernel.
Logged out then back in choosing the latest kernel. This worked but I had to reboot at the command line because the GUI logout kept crashing.
Logged in again letting grub choose the default (latest kernel) and it worked this time. The GUI logout also worked.
It looks like /boot/initrd.img-5.8.0-45-generic was regenerated. I'm betting this is where the problem was.


How to change the "Apache/2.4.7 (Ubuntu) Server at localhost Port 80" line in Apache?

First of all set server signature to off, by setting:

ServerTokens ProductOnly
ServerSignature Off

in httpd.conf file. If you want a custom page than use ErrorDocument XXX /path/to/page.html to set different pages. For example: ErrorDocument 403 /error/denied.html


How do I run udhcpc manually to request it to renew DHCP lease?

Sending the USR1 signal seems to be the documented method to renew a DHCP lease. According to the code, this signal explicitly jumps past discover and right to request.
Otherwise, it seems that simply running udhcpc causes the lease to be renewed too, but there does not appear to be any provision in the code to skip the discover state.
I would suggest that the signal be your first port of call, and if that doesn't suit your needs, then consider running a new instance of udhcpc and then immediately sending it the USR1 signal.


Installing Ubuntu on Lenovo IdeaPad U530 with windows 8.1 preinstalled

I have installed ubuntu 14.04 specifically gnome flavor in my lenovo u530. I am facing an issue with wifi. The problem is specific to the intel 7260 wifi used in this particular ultrabook.

I am still searching for a solution to fix the wifi problem. Wifi disconnects every two minutes and hardly works


Problems installing Ubuntu on Acer laptop

I bought A315-23 laptop a few days back, and stumbled upon the same problem. Long story short, solution is to set nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=5500 kernel option at boot. Then installation works out-of-box. After installing the same option needs to be added to grub (edit /etc/default/grub followed with update-grub).
Longer story, how I found solution: As described, we both can initiate a boot but a hang happens along the way. I had little hope the problem being connected to UEFI, still tried to play a little with fast-boot and secure-boot options without success. Given Egor reported system boots correctly after disabling SSD (which was an excellent hint), I tried to follow this path. The laptop has WD 2018/PC SN520 NVMe SSD. I found a suggestion how to fix the problem at https://community.wd.com/t/linux-support-for-wd-black-nvme-2018/225446/7.

In the GRUB boot menu, press e to edit startup parameter. Add nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=5500 after the end of "quiet splash"
Ctrl-x to boot up, the installer should detect this disk in partition
step.
After finishing finish installation, press shift while power on to enter GRUB again, add the same kernel parameter
nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=5500, Ctrl-x to boot up.
You will see Ubuntu boot up successfully, edit /etc/default/grub, add parameter nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=5500 again,
execute sudo update-grub so that every time boot up will contain
this parameter in the grub automatically, no more manual editing is
necessary.


From your copy and paste: cpu cores    : 2

Could be it right?

As for your cache-question: https://superuser.com/a/203481


Getting libsystemd.so.0 for Ubuntu 14.04

Ubuntu 14.04 LTS ships systemd 204, which is a fairly old version or systemd.

That version did already have a separate library akin to libsystemd.so.0, only it was called libsystemd-daemon.so.0.

You can try to install the development files for it (apt-get install libsystemd-daemon-dev) and either adapt Dragonfly to try to link against that library, or maybe even try something more hacky and create a symlink libsystemd.so pointing to the existing libsystemd-daemon.so in your lib directory, maybe Dragonfly will build and work that way, but at this point you have basically "voided the warranty", so even if this works, I wouldn't really recommend it.

If you have a chance to use more recent versions of Ubuntu instead, such as 16.04 LTS or 18.04 LTS, both of those ship more modern versions of systemd which include libsystemd.so.0, so I'd expect they'd work fine with the software you're trying to use. If using one of those is an option for you, I'd recommend going that route.


Your question does not match up with my experience using Ubuntu in regards to phones (and I have had a few).

Ubuntu understands and recognizes foreign filesystems (ie. NTFS, FAT and many more) and will let you use them. If a storage medium has a valid filesystem on it, Ubuntu will be happy to use it OR error out if it is an unknown or a broken filesystem.

Heck, there is NO device in the world that gets formatted by a Linux system without a user at least confirming once. And even then, you also will need permissions to do such a thing. Ubuntu cannot format a micro SD card on a Windows phone that is not rooted and you either would need 3rd party software to do that or need to type in the commands to do so.

Even if the storage medium is broken and there are errors making it impossible to find a filesystem and Ubuntu would even see it as unformatted, it would not format it but throw an error when you try to access it.

If it was a formatting of the storage medium, it is more likely that your Windows system did this (1 example of Windows phones messing with userdata).

Could it be you did not properly unmount the card from the phone before unplugging it? That would be pretty much similar to what you describe here.

  how do i recover my data?

Restore a backup? Restoring data from a Windows device is off topic but you will find good results on Super User (our sister site regarding Windows). For instance: Recover data from an SD mentions PhotoRec (and testdisk). I hope you get it sorted out though. On some phones, you cannot read the internal SD card with PhotoRec though and it might be impossible to get the deleted data back.


I suggest you install bootchart. Search for it in the software center.
It will measure how much time each step of the boot takes and save a image file for you to analyse.

About the amount of folders in the home dir, I don't think it's the problem. I have lots in mine and my laptop boots in ~35 secs.

Aditionally, google for speed up my ubuntu os something like that. There are many tips and tutorials on that subject.


Ubuntu 18.04 with linux-tools-5.3.0-40-generic and with linux-modules-5.3.0-42-generic not starting

Same problem here. It seems that a lot of people is having troubles with newest kernel available for 18.04.4 LTS


Skipping acquire of configured file 'main/binary-i3860/Packages'

i3860 is a wrong name for supported architecture.

Fixed it using:

dpkg --remove-architecture i3860
dpkg --add-architecture i386

Then update lists again

apt update


Sounds like the script contains some CR (\r) characters. If you have edited this script from windows, that would explain why. Running this should reveal the otherwise "invisible" carriage return characters:

sed -n l /home/pi/sh/test.sh

(That's lowercase L, not 1).
If you see a \r in the above, see FAQ 52 for various ways to get rid of them.

On a side note, don't put .sh extension on a bash script, and don't run a bash script with sh.


Suspend does not work on Dell T20 with 16.04

This question may be old, but still be interesting for future readers: Dell T20 supports S3 by design: http://downloads.dell.com/manuals/all-products/esuprt_ser_stor_net/esuprt_poweredge/poweredge-t20_reference%20guide_en-us.pdf

However, S3 can be blocked in BIOS. Boot into BIOS Configuration and make sure, you've not blocked S3. Also, there is a bug in recent BIOS versions, which prevents S3 from working (also true for Windows). Simply downgrade your Dell T20 to A05 BIOS and you're good to go. At the date of writing, there are no newer BIOSes, which work with S3, namely A06, A09 and A10.

Cheers,
Tolga


Retrieve Windows 8 Product Key from mainboard

Another way that doesn't require looking through a ton of output is:

sudo acpidump -b -t MSDM | dd bs=1 skip=56 2>/dev/null;echo

acpidump dumps the table (default in hexdump format), but the -b options tells it to output the raw data. Since we only need the last part of the table, pipe the output into dd, but but skip the unnecessary junk. Finally, add an echo at the end to make it terminal-friendly =D

acpidump -t MSDM will work as well, but the key is broken over multiple lines, making it hard to copy.

Update thanks to Lekensteyn:

New versions of acpidump shipped with Ubuntu work differently than described above. The -b flag causes acpidump to write to a file under all circumstances, so an alternative method is to use the command

sudo tail -c+57 /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/MSDM

A legitimate Windows 8 installer should automatically detect the key in the ACPI and continue installing with the built-in key.

It should be noted, however, that I used this method to try to install Win8 in a VM using my own product key, but it automatically deactivated saying that the product key was in use. So, it's of little use in all reality. Since Win8 OEM keys are designed to be tied to that specific computer, you'll hit a brick wall if you ask Microsoft to unregister the key so you can use it in a VM, let alone another computer.

The only way you could use the key is if you had never booted into Win8 to begin with or weren't connected to a network when you did. Even so, if your VM/new computer is ever allowed to connect to the network, it will automatically register the key making your actual installation unusable.


Humble Frozenbyte Bundle - Error when installing .run file

I was able to just double-click the file in Nautilus after changing the permission.


There are text files containing temperature data here: /sys/devices/platform/coretemp.0/hwmon/hwmon[0-9]

The [0-9] is shown as a variable.  There is actually just a single digit number there, that changes from from startup to startup.

I'm running  Ubuntu on a Macbook Pro 2009 9dual core processor), and have found these two files to contain my two CPU core temperatures:

cpucoretemp0 -> /sys/devices/platform/coretemp.0/hwmon/hwmon[0-9]/temp2_input

cpucoretemp1 -> /sys/devices/platform/coretemp.0/hwmon/hwmon[0-9]/temp3_input


How to get IPv6 ip from the router, what is my subnet mask?

Use SLAAC+Sateless DHCP and do not switch of DHCPv4, else many devices wont be even get IPv4 nor IPv6


If you are running compiz, this is a rather easy change to do. First you need to install Compizconfig Settings Manager.
It will appear in your preferences menu.

Now, what you want to change is in the animations plugin. Choose close animation and add a new value, with fade as the animation (and type=Tooltip for window match), and add change the duration of it and then change the values as you wish (they are in milliseconds). They get applied automatically.

With a little tweaking, you can have tooltips that appear to last on screen for a very long period of time, or tooltips that immediately disappear once you move the mouse away. The major drawback is that with this method, your tooltips will fade in some way. You could make them last even longer by adding an open animation with similar options.


Failed virtualbox install prevents my system from starting up properly

I managed to sort this out very crudely. I renamed /etc/init.d/vboxdrv to vboxdrv.bak so that the Virtualbox kernel module service would not start (and hence not get stuck while stopping.)

I then rebooted and did a sudo apt-get remove --purge virtualbox-4.1, which worked fine.

I'm sure there's a more elegant way to do this, and I'll be happy if someone suggests that, but I'm glad this worked for me as I urgently needed my PC up and running.

EDIT: The problem appeared to be due to the kernel upgrade - I tried 3.3rc6 with 11.10, and 3.3rc7 with 12.04 and both caused the problems I described with Virtualbox and VMWare.

However Virtualbox works just fine on stable kernel versions  - I'm currently on 3.2.0-18 on Ubuntu 12.04 (I have not tried VMWare but I assume the problem with that will be solved too)


Cannot connect to g/n wifi networks - is my driver the issue?

I have the same Wifi Card:

*-network
   description: Wireless interface
   product: QCA6174 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter
   vendor: Qualcomm Atheros
   physical id: 0
   bus info: pci@0000:3c:00.0
   logical name: wlp60s0
   version: 32
   serial: 9c:b6:d0:10:37:f7
   width: 64 bits
   clock: 33MHz
   capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
   configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath10k_pci driverversion=4.14.78-041478-generic firmware=WLAN.RM.4.4.1-00079-QCARMSWPZ-1 ip=192.168.1.68 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11
   resources: irq:138 memory:dd200000-dd3fffff

It's using the same driver but compiled for an older kernel:

driver=ath10k_pci driverversion=4.14.78-041478-generic firmware=WLAN.RM.4.4.1-00079-QCARMSWPZ-1

Your firmware is also identical:

firmware=WLAN.RM.4.4.1-00079-QCARMSWPZ-1

To answer your question, AFAIK there isn't a newer driver you can use.

You can use this command however to check for errors:

$ lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net; dmesg | grep ath10k

3b:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Qualcomm Atheros Killer E2400 Gigabit Ethernet Controller [1969:e0a1] (rev 10)
    Subsystem: Device [0707:2400]
    Kernel driver in use: alx
--
3c:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter [168c:003e] (rev 32)
    Subsystem: Bigfoot Networks, Inc. QCA6174 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter [1a56:1535]
    Kernel driver in use: ath10k_pci
    Kernel modules: ath10k_pci
[    4.900039] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
[    4.902213] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: pci irq msi oper_irq_mode 2 irq_mode 0 reset_mode 0
[    5.182837] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: Direct firmware load for ath10k/pre-cal-pci-0000:3c:00.0.bin failed with error -2
[    5.182859] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: Direct firmware load for ath10k/cal-pci-0000:3c:00.0.bin failed with error -2
[    5.183793] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: qca6174 hw3.2 target 0x05030000 chip_id 0x00340aff sub 1a56:1535
[    5.183794] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: kconfig debug 0 debugfs 1 tracing 1 dfs 0 testmode 0
[    5.184283] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: firmware ver WLAN.RM.4.4.1-00079-QCARMSWPZ-1 api 6 features wowlan,ignore-otp crc32 fd869beb
[    5.248062] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: board_file api 2 bmi_id N/A crc32 20d869c3
[    5.827014] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: Unknown eventid: 118809
[    5.829857] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: Unknown eventid: 90118
[    5.830504] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: htt-ver 3.47 wmi-op 4 htt-op 3 cal otp max-sta 32 raw 0 hwcrypto 1
[    5.963736] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0 wlp60s0: renamed from wlan0
[    7.607819] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: Unknown eventid: 118809
[    7.610805] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: Unknown eventid: 90118
[ 1032.858110] Modules linked in: ccm rfcomm nvram msr hid_logitech_dj pci_stub vboxpci(OE) vboxnetadp(OE) vboxnetflt(OE) vboxdrv(OE) bbswitch(OE) bnep usblp nls_iso8859_1 arc4 uvcvideo btusb btrtl btbcm videobuf2_vmalloc btintel videobuf2_memops bluetooth videobuf2_v4l2 videobuf2_core videodev media ecdh_generic intel_rapl x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp coretemp snd_hda_codec_hdmi dell_wmi dell_smbios dcdbas wmi_bmof sparse_keymap mxm_wmi snd_hda_codec_ca0132 ath10k_pci kvm_intel kvm snd_hda_intel irqbypass snd_hda_codec ath10k_core snd_hda_core snd_hwdep snd_pcm crct10dif_pclmul crc32_pclmul ath ghash_clmulni_intel snd_seq_midi pcbc snd_seq_midi_event mac80211 snd_rawmidi snd_seq snd_seq_device cfg80211 nvidia_uvm(POE) snd_timer rtsx_pci_ms aesni_intel memstick aes_x86_64 joydev input_leds
[ 3585.443387] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: Unknown eventid: 118809
[ 3585.446346] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: Unknown eventid: 90118
[ 8863.625325] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: Unknown eventid: 118809
[ 8863.628239] ath10k_pci 0000:3c:00.0: Unknown eventid: 90118

Please Update your question with the results of:

lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net; dmesg | grep ath10k

There is a four year old on-going bug report with 350 posts. It has solutions for compiling the latest ath10k_pci patches: Atheros Qualcomm Killer N1525 Wireless-AC [168c:003e] is not supported


I've just commented in the github issue as well.

Since there seems to be some issue with setpgrp and gunicorn, you may have better results if you run it with

expect fork

Added to the upstart job definition.

so something like

start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [!2345]

respawn
expect fork

exec /path/to/gunicorn --daemon

Should work well.

'man 5 init' is a wealth of information and should help understand why things work this way.


ECHO behaviour with and without double quotes with hex

Without the quotes, \x is parsed by the shell to become just x:

$ printf "%s\n" echo -e \xaa
echo
-e
xaa
$ printf "%s\n" echo -e "\xaa"
echo
-e
\xaa

See man bash, section QUOTING:

   A non-quoted backslash (\) is the escape character.  It  preserves  the
   literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of
   <newline>.  If a \<newline> pair appears,  and  the  backslash  is  not
   itself  quoted,  the \<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that
   is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored).

Your grep is misleading:

$ man echo | grep -o \xHH
xHH

grep -o prints exactly those characters which matched, indicated grep never received the \.

Unless you run /bin/echo or env echo, the shell's builtin echo will be run. So, if you want to check the documentation, run help echo, or look in man bash. man echo is for /bin/echo:

$ echo --help
--help
$ env echo --help
Usage: echo [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...
  or:  echo LONG-OPTION
Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.

  -n             do not output the trailing newline
  -e             enable interpretation of backslash escapes
  -E             disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

If -e is in effect, the following sequences are recognised:

  \\      backslash
...

See man bash, section SHELL BUITLIN COMMANDS:

  echo interprets the following escape sequences:
  \a     alert (bell)
  \b     backspace
  \c     suppress further output
  \e
  \E     an escape character
  \f     form feed
  \n     new line
  \r     carriage return
  \t     horizontal tab
  \v     vertical tab
  \\     backslash
  \0nnn  the eight-bit character whose value is  the  octal  value
         nnn (zero to three octal digits)
  \xHH   the  eight-bit  character  whose value is the hexadecimal
         value HH (one or two hex digits)


gparted : error while applying operations

I just found that the hard drive was corrupt


The command sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk should do the job. If there is a dependency problem run

 sudo apt-get -f install

and rerun the earlier command.


Ubuntu 13.10 - Target filesystem doesn't have /sbin/init

I was really concerned about this error behavior as well. I was without Internet and Ubuntu Live CD so I had to try the following procedure which successfully solved the current error.

This procedure is applied on the following failure characteristic as well:  Serious errors were found while checking the disk for /. So I used following procedure as proposed in Solve serious error /:

During booting up on Ubuntu hold the Shift key down so you will enter into the "Advanced Boot Options" for Ubuntu.
Press e to edit GRUB2 boot entry.
You need to change the GRUB2 boot entry from "ro" to "rw"

=> Instead of mounting as read-only, mount for read-write

Press F10 to boot
After booting change the crub.cfg file in terminal

gksudo gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg

so the changes you made in the boot options will be saved permanently.

Find the lines:

linux    /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=[bunch-of-numbers] loop=/ubuntu/disks/root.disk ro rootflags=sync  quiet splash

As you did in the grub menu change "ro" to "rw", => Instead of mounting as read-only, mount for read-write

It worked in my case, for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS as well. I hope it does for your case as well.


Ubuntu server 18.04 slow boot due to drm_kms_helper

This was identified as a bug in Ubuntu 16.04 and persisted into 18.04.1 for both servers and desktops. Re 16.04 see https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1685442 where the last line of that thread says that a fix was (finally!) released on 2019-01-25. I presume that fix was simultaneously applied to 18.04 as well, which would mean that the normal updates you periodically apply to your system would resolve the problem without additional intervention.

If not, see Boot very slow because of drm_kms_helper errors for a very easy and complete fix that works on 18.04 as well as 16.04. It cuts boot time by around 70 or 80%.


You should provide the logs generated by StrongSwan server so that people may help you. Here's how you can find the logs related to your issue:

Start VPN server using:

sudo ipsec start

Once the VPN server is running, type the following command in your terminal to see what is happening on your machine:

sudo tail -f /var/log/syslog

This  command lets you see events on your terminal as they are being logged into syslog.
Now try to connect from a VPN client. If the client can reach the server, you will see the events being logged in syslog under charon process. If you see nothing related to charon, it is most probably a network connectivity issue.
You can also use sudo tail -x /var/log/syslog > debugfile to dump the last x lines of syslog to debugfile for better analysis
Post those logs here if you are unable to identify the issue.


Mounting hard disk of an old laptop through converter

Get the partition by using sudo blkid. lets assume it is /dev/sdb1

Now we need to make a mount location for it.

sudo mkdir /media/oldhdd

Now mount your device using such command:

sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media/oldhdd


NTP uses UDP packets with port number 123. So if you are behind aproxy or firewall, and the proxy or firewall blocks the UDP port 123, the public NTP servers you specify in /etc/ntp.conf won't be reachable to your host. If you can't reach them then you need to use internal ntp servers if they are available on your network.


http://support-asia.canon-asia.com/contents/ASIA/EN/0100626502.html
Follow the instructions you still may not be able to scan I'm still working on that myself


ubuntu 18.04.1 copper ethernet is now wlp2s0 - no wifi interface available - eno1 just sits there

I'd recommend using NetworkManager instead of netplan. Then you can use the normal GUI tools to configure your network devices.

In terminal, do the following...

cd /etc/netplan # change directory
sudo mv existing.yaml existing.yaml.HOLD # rename the existing file
sudo pico config.yaml # create a new file

Enter the following text, keeping the same indentation format...

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager

sudo netplan --debug generate # generate the config files
sudo netplan apply # apply the new config files
reboot # reboot the computer

Now go to the network settings panels for wired and wi-fi and configure your devices.


Is there some sort of( asymptotic?) threshold limiting tthe number of partitions Ubuntu can handle on my GUID Smartdrives?

No, your controller and other hardware do not care how many partitions you have, there is no reason for your  specific concern.


TP-Link WN822n v3 (RTL8192cu) on Kubuntu 15.04 Beta 2 (linux 3.19.0-10-generic)

The make.log you added in a comment shows that the dkms build is failing because gcc is missing. You can install either gcc or build-essential with sudo apt-get install gcc or sudo apt-get install build-essential.


How to setup iredmail or dovecot with ssl ubuntu?

as the first your domain must have MX record. MX record is domain name, not IP address. This is for mail delivering to your domain (incoming emails).
Your question is too general, try to follow this tutorial:
https://docs.iredmail.org/install.iredmail.on.debian.ubuntu.html


According to this: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/302280/ufw-uncomplicated-firewall-turns-off-inactive-after-a-while

It is because of the APF (Advance Policy Firewall) that we also install to the machine. It will flush all the firewall configuration.

For now we just stop the apf to start and run at the daily cron job.


Where can I get older versions of Lubuntu?

There are a few links listed here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Lubuntu/PreviousReleases


Broken Sound and Nothing Seems to Fix it

My apology by asking, but did you tried out the system testing, if you checked out the hardware or software of your sound in windows, there´s mostly a chance you can find the drivers, for your sound issue within the synaptic toolbox where you can find any broken system issue, even if you would try to find it out check the hardware info on Ubuntu and you will find a solution to it,, if not you can give me the name of your hardware then i will look for it.


btrfs - did I just turn RAID1 into RAID10?

No, you still have a raid1, and the total size is as expected: half of the sum total.  You seem to be thinking of a 4 way raid1 ( 4 copies instead of 2 ), which you can't do with btrfs.


Is there an Ubuntu One client for Windows Phone?

The Ubuntu One client for Windows doesn't really bring us much closer to a client for the Windows Phone platform.  Our desktop client is written in Python (and shares most of its code with the Ubuntu version), while WP7 apps need to be written with XNA or Silverlight.

Also, the desktop client works in terms of synchronising all of your files locally, while on a mobile platform where storage is limited and bandwidth constrained, it is more useful to be able to browse all of your files and only download the ones you're interested in (which is how the Android files app works).

While we don't have immediate plans to release a WP7 native application, the API that the Android client uses to access the service is publicly documented if you're interested in developing an application yourself:

https://one.ubuntu.com/developer/files/store_files/cloud

You also have the option to use Ubuntu One's web interface to access your files.


Does Firefox support hardware acceleration on Ubuntu?

My Firefox's page about:config, and this is showed in graphic details.

Adapter Description       ATI Technologies Inc. -- ATI Mobility Radeon HD 5000 Series
Vendor ID                 ATI Technologies Inc.
Device ID                 ATI Mobility Radeon HD 5000 Series
Driver Version            4.2.11627 Compatibility Profile Context
WebGL Renderer            ATI Technologies Inc. -- ATI Mobility Radeon HD 5000 Series  -- 4.2.11627 Compatibility Profile Context
GPU Accelerated Windows   0
AzureBackend              skia

It seems the browser can detect my GPU perfectly fine just it won't use it. This issue effects both NVIDIA and AMD user.

Currently, it's impossible for Firefox to use GPU on Linux. It's discussed at Ubuntu Forums.


How can I make Files search recursively within a network share?

In newer versions of Ubuntu - in my case 18.04 -  you can open from

  files > preferences > search and preview tab

and check "All locations" under "Search in subfolders".


Start the Ubuntu in the Terminal program use nano /etc/default/grub to edit the file. Change the hidden to menu and the timeout value to anything other than 0 to have a countdown of that many second before it boots the default OS. Once done the editing then sudo update-grub to have the changes written to the disk and used on next boot. You should now have the grub menu back the Ubuntu people so helpfully disabled by default...


How can I interrupt infinite waiting for networks in systemd boot?

No cause its caused by a bunch of sleeps in the background contained in

/etc/init/failsafe.conf

If you know what you do, you may replace all these sleeps
with ones having a shorter timeout. As the file contains
(usually) a lot of comments, you should be guided in what you
are doing.

Some background notes: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/upstart/+bug/839595


Display brightness setting not working in sony vaio SVE151117F

Go to the link below and download the driver by entering the commands posted their. Check the list of supported cards (probably listed their if not don't get panic give it a try. Personally mine is not their but that commands  worked for me)

http://www.noobslab.com/2012/10/install-latest-nvidia-drivers-in-ubuntu.html

After installing reboot your laptop. then try this:

Create the file /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/15-nvidia.conf:

gksu gedit /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/15-nvidia.conf

Copy/paste the following content:

 Section "Device"
  Identifier              "Device0"
  Driver                  "nvidia"
  VendorName              "NVIDIA Corporation"
  Option "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"
 EndSection

Save the file and reboot


No Keyboard or Mouse with Ubuntu 18.04 Install DVD

Corsair and Ubuntu seems to not be friends.
With new kernel you may have more luck. Try to upgrade your OS.

And you can also install ckb-next

https://github.com/ckb-next/ckb-next


If you hibernate windows (or purpose or because of power-saving), then use ubuntu to store files on the NTFS partition, and then boot up windows, Windows thinks the disk was corrupted while it was in hibernate and "fixes" anything different. After that loging back into ubuntu just confirms that the files have in-fact been deleted.

Also I have seen that windows 7 may do a chkdsk after it installs updates on shudown when you bring it back up windows does extra tasks related to installing updates, so be careful not to boot into ubuntu after shutting down from updates. http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-newbie-8/windows-chkdsk-deletes-files-written-by-ubuntu-on-an-ntfs-partition-913606/

Yes even on a shared partition seprate from the windows partition and take care even with fat partitions (usb drives).

Sources, https://superuser.com/questions/211079/what-do-i-have-to-take-care-of-when-hibernating-both-ubuntu-and-windows-dual-bo/211175#211175 , https://superuser.com/questions/39532/hibernating-and-booting-into-another-os-will-my-filesystems-be-corrupted

Edit: I was looking through the widows site to try and find if they detailed the hibernate process, but this sounds interesting http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd143253(v=winembedded.5).aspx , It seems at best the write caching from the harddrive is being saved to memory, then being written after bringing the drive back up, this may mean that the files can't be recovered, because it's not "deleting" as in removing the first letter of the file so the system does not see it, but actually overwriting large areas of data that have been cached. Needs to be looked into more.


How to install vulcan for intel graphics card

There is no driver to install. Intel graphics only supports Vulkan on Ivybridge and newer chips. Sandybridge is too old.


Why does my touchpad right-button behave as left-button in Ubuntu 18.04?

Here is the answer.

Summary:

Ubuntu 18.04 changed touchpad behavior: By default, you "right-click" by tapping with two fingers.
You can get back the right-button
by installing gnome-tweaks, then Keyboard and Mouse -> Area.


Adding:
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

to /etc/network/interfaces solved the problem.
The contents of the above file after the operation:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

Since changing the file the network interface functions properly after each PC boot.
However the icon has changed from white to white and blue. The blue part is most probably the cable.


Fix undeletable directory on removable NTFS drive

Check the output of dmesg for more detailed error messages, but most likely the volume is corrupt and you will need to have Windows run chkdsk/scandisk on it to repair it.


"Could not determine the upgrade" while trying to update from 10.10 to 11.04

Posting answer copied from comment above:

This problem has now been solved. Uninstalled lots of software using Synaptic, purged PPAs using Ubuntu Tweak and then used the commands sudo apt-get clean, sudo apt-get update, sudo apt-get upgrade. After doing this, upgrade worked with no problems. – babelproofreader Aug 4 '11 at 9:58


You can decrypt a gpg file, encrypted with your key, by running one of the following commands in a Terminal.

To decrypt a file to the standard output use the following command. Replace encrypt_example.gpg with the name of the file you wish to decrypt.

gpg -d encrypt_example.gpg

To output to a new file instead of the standard output use the following command. Replace new_file_example with the name of the file you want to send the output to. Replace encrypt_example.gpg with the name of the encrypted file.

gpg -o new_file_example -d encrypt_example.gpg

For additional documentation see The GNU Privacy Handbook.


How to add a printer connected to windows machine in ubuntu

In the Ubuntu Settings, under the Printers menu, select Network Printer and your printer should appear. You can add it from there. The IP of the Windows machine, or your Ubuntu machine for that matter, doesn't affect anything. This just identifies the device on the network.


Why cannot allow/deny specific software in ufw Linux?

You can use apparmor to deny network traffic for some application.
First you must install apparmor and apparmor-utils ..

sudo apt-get install apparmor*

After that you can generate profile to you application ...

sudo aa-genprof /usr/bin/google-chrome

Next step is to change Networking part in profile to:

sudo nano /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.chromium-browser

audit deny network,
audit deny network inet stream,
deny network inet6 stream,
deny @{PROC}/[0-9]*/net/if_inet6 r,
deny @{PROC}/[0-9]*/net/ipv6_route r,
deny capability net_raw,

Next, check config with apparmor_parser and reload config

sudo apparmor_parser -r /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.chromium-browser

Change mode from complain to enforce aka turn on apparmor for this app.

sudo aa-complain /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.chromium-browser

More manual you can find here and here and here

Second solution is more simple but is not completly what you want

Surfing on net I found trickle. Fine and light tool for control bandwidth on application

Install them

  sudo apt-get install trickle

Usage is very simple

  trickle -d 1 firefox

this command will allow firefox to download at speed of 1 kb/s

Or you can add trickle to luncher

Also you can create permanent control in /etc/trickled.conf per service. Not for bandwidth then for traffic priority


How do I use a "Mustek BearPaw" scanner?

Open Simple Scan software and connect your scanner, it will detect the scanner and you will able to scan the documents. If the software not detecting the scanner you need to install the driver for it.

Here is the link for downloading driver for "SANE Mustek USB2 backend (driver) for Mustek BearPaw 2448 TA Pro USB scanner"
http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/mustek_usb2-backend/


Why doesn't this work: ~$ echo "trythis" | sh ./script.sh

Because pipe and positional parameters are different things

Pipes connect stdin stream of right most command in pipeline to the stdout of left most command. The effect is such as if one command becomes keyboard-like input to the other.

By contrast positional parameters as in

myscript.sh trythis

create an array of values, where myscript and trythis are items in that array, and there is no connection to stdin stream at all

What you should do in such cases is use xargs

echo trythis | xargs myscript

The xargs command will run the myscript command with trythis added to the front as if done manually.

In other words, exactly because  sh ./script trythis  expects trythis to be there in positional parameter list you don't see echo trythis | sh ./myscript working. If you did echo try this | sh ./myscript trythis it would work, because now you have positional parameter list, and echo technically becomes redundant.

Of course, it is the application's own decision on what to do with either stdin or positional parameters. Commands such as echo don't care about stdin but only about positional parameters, whereas cat would care about both. If you were to build a script in such way that reads stdin AND accepts positional parameters, then it could also work, for instance grep and tail do that. And exactly in those cases where we want to dynamically create positional parameters or the application ignores stdin - there is the right place to use xargs.


I think I may understand the difficulty you are having, as I had similar problems until I learned the 'secret' to making WINE work well consistently.  In my case I had to UNINSTALL wine and install WINETRICKS.  Winetricks installs a full package of MS fonts including "mono", as well as other support items.  With the fonts in place, programs requiring such fonts will install so smoothly, you might imagine you are installing Office on a Windows computer.

Whenever advising others regarding windows software under Ubuntu my advice is to install Winetricks first then PlayOnLinux second.  After installing each in sequence, then open Wine (which is installed by Winetricks) as Wine must be opened once to auto-configure and update itself further, before trying to install software.

Finally, if I recall correctly it was PlayOnLinux which contains installation help for MS-office, although both Winetricks and PlayOnLinux both contain installation help.

About all I would add is that although there are certain specific features of MS-Word not substituted adequately by LibreOffice Writer, such as "markup", I have been able to demonstrate that for most people without that requirement Writer is actually preferable has features omitted from Word including some add-ons MS has the audacity to require their customers to pay extra for.


Error "no route to host" sshing to an instance launched by openstack autopilot

Well it took lots of time inspecting different logs and running many command and also seeking help from real human being (since virtual world didn't stretch any hand) until I came across the neutron-ovs-cleanup service log which was error-ridden with

  ImportError: cannot import name deploy

Then the quick guide given in this page did the rest. Well it was the incompatible version of this Python library (PasteDeploy) I guess that made the service fail and consequently led to other related networking services failure as well. So I ran pip uninstall --yes PasteDeploy && pip install 'PasteDeploy>=1.5.0' as instructed on the page above and all of a sudden it worked :-)


Are warning messages about duplicate packages blocking?

In general, the lines that begin with W are warnings, those with an initial E indicate errors, and N indicates a Note. For example,

W: http://repo.sinew.in/dists/stable/InRelease: Signature by key B6DA722E2E65721AF54B93966F7565879798C2FC uses weak digest algorithm (SHA1)
E: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial/main/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.152 80]
^

For these two, there's nothing to be done at your end for the "weak digest algorithm" - it causes no active harm. However, the "404" error indicates a failure that should be fixed, as it describes a lack of connection/misconfiguration.

In general, in the Linux/Unix world, silence implies success. If the program issues a message, you should least consider it, and try to figure out what it means.


I've created a new script to run a command upon locking and unlocking the screen because the others on the web don't work on 14.04. I set it as a startup program and added it to my sudoers file so that it can manage services on its own.

#!/bin/bash
while sleep 30s ; do
   state=$(gnome-screensaver-command --query | grep -o "\w*active\w*" >> /dev/null)
   if [[ $state == active ]]
   then
        ./start.sh
   else
        ./stop.sh
   fi
done


Acer aspire one d270 can not set brightness

Try to configure directly.

sudo setpci -s "00:02.0" F4.B=FF

Where F4.B=FF <-- This FF is rhe intensity of bright in hexa values.

I use:

sudo setpci -s "00:02.0" F4.B=11

For example.

If you wanna more information, try to read this page. But, the original is in portuguese:

http://www.vivaolinux.com.br/dica/Ajuste-do-brilho-LCD-do-notebook-W7635-da-Itautec-usando-Ubuntu-8.04/

Have a nice day!


That folder is empty for me too. Look for your card type with:

System Settings->Details->About

or from the command line

lspci |grep -i vga

and then you can find what driver you are using with:

lsmod

then update/create your config according to the link you posted


The README file on that repo says:

The font works in all operating systems, but will currently only show color emoji in Firefox, Thunderbird, Photoshop CC 2017, and Windows Edge V38.14393+. This is not a limitation of the font, but of the operating systems and applications. Why doesn't it work on Chrome? Regular B&W outline emoji are included for backwards/fallback compatibility.

This is probably the reason why this is happening. Also, try installing it with the installer script (mentioned as manual method in the README):
wget https://github.com/eosrei/twemoji-color-font/releases/download/v13.0.1/TwitterColorEmoji-SVGinOT-Linux-13.0.1.tar.gz

tar zxf TwitterColorEmoji-SVGinOT-Linux-13.0.1.tar.gz

cd TwitterColorEmoji-SVGinOT-Linux-13.0.1

chmod +x install.sh

./install.sh


Cannot repair a corrupted usb flash drive

If writing with dd to the disk fails then it's quite possible your USB is bricked and will not function right again.

USB drives do wear out - whether it be an external USB hard drive with spinning platters or a standard flash drive.  Input/Output error indicates a problem with data write/read which can indicate broken hardware.


Does firmware depend on OS and architecture?

No, not at all.
Firmware is what's on the device, so it has nothing to do with our OS nor the computer at all.
It's like, your mp3 player or your modem has it's own firmware, but it works with ANY OS with proper drivers installed.


You can select any picture, right-click it and from the context menu select Set as Wallpaper. Alternatively you can select a custom wallpaper as follows.

16.04

Select System Settings -> Appearance -> Look tab -> Wallpapers.
Under the Wallpapers section press the + button to add a new custom wallpaper image.

Browse to the directory containing the custom wallpaper to be added, select a custom image, and click the Open button.

18.04

Change the wallpaper from Settings → Background → Picture tab → select a picture → press Select button.

20.04

Change  the wallpaper from Settings → Background → Add Picture.


I fixed the problem by following the steps mentioned in this blog post:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:info-g-com/xserver-xorg-1.7.6-gc;
sudo apt-get update;
sudo apt-get upgrade;


It is was a time limit of the page (30 sec)
Just add the line
set_time_limit(0);
It will  remove time limit at all . And now all work fine.


What version of Ubuntu are you on? At this point, you actually shouldn't be able to use PyGI with any of the old static pygobject stuff. If this was working, it was pretty much by accident. On Precise anyway, if the order of the imports is reversed, you get an exception explaining the issue:

>>> import gst
>>> from gi.repository import GObject, Gio
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
    from ._gi import _API, Repository
ImportError: could not import gobject (error was: ImportError('When using gi.repository you must not import static modules like "gobject". Please change all occurrences of "import gobject" to "from gi.repository import GObject".',))

As a work around, can you have your UI call a helper script, and in that script only use the static gst/gobject stuff?

Although very bleeding edge still, GStreamer 1.0 completely supports PyGI. There are packages in Quantal, and backports are available for Precise. See my GStreamer 1.0 Python Porting Guide.


Screen unusable on 12.04 - inspirion M5010

I experienced a lot of problem when I have unsupported new graphic card on AMD 8 notebook. Your garbage looking screen I suspect is graphic card problem. From my experience, I have more luck with Ubuntu 12.04 32 bit system rather than 64 system on computer with graphic card problem. Even if the computer is qualified to run Ubuntu 64 bit system. You may want to try running Ubuntu 12.04 32 bit from Live DVD or Live USB whether you have 'normal' display then. In my experience, I installed Ubuntu 12.04 32 bit first. After success, then I installed Ubuntu 12.04 64 bit. On grub menu, I enter 12.04 64 bit through trouble shooting selection with minimal drive (not normal Ubuntu 12.04 64 bit), then select 'special' graphic or so (Sorry I forget the exact term, but you will recognize it when you see it, the only option with graphic), try repair package, try this and that, it did no harm, then Resume boot into 12.04 64 bit. If you manage to come into Ubuntu 12.04 64 bit, then go to your System Setting and see whether you may need additional (proprietary) driver. You may also visit your graphic processor manufacturer support site and look for Linux Driver for your graphic cards. After all the try and error, in my case, from garbage screen, finally I got my notebook running normally with Ubuntu 12.04 64 bit, even upgrade it all the way to Ubuntu 14.04.


I had the exact same problem, go into the settings and disable hardware acceleration, after that you won't have any annoying green lines.


I assume you are using software RAID.

Is your disk synchronization still going on? You can check that by running

cat /proc/mdstat

If not, you may have problems with (physical) disks. At first, check dmesg output, and try to find disk related error messages. If there is nothing, you can use

sudo smartctl /dev/sda
sudo smartctl /dev/sdb

(or whatever your disks are, you can see that for example from /proc/mdstat).

smartctl also supports running disk tests:

sudo smartctl -t short /dev/sda


if the topic of the question was HOW to change the mac address in Ubuntu, I believe you could simply go to network interfaces by entering the command in terminal:

sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

and then edit the file to something like this at the end :

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
hwaddress ether 01:02:03:04:05:06

at then end simply restart the networking service:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

if for some reasons that gives you error try this (or system restart):
sudo service networking stop && sudo service networking start


How do I restore MATE panel settings from old backup

If you have backup of your dconf database file, which is usually in ~/.config/dconf/user you can restore settings from that database. But some work needs to be done.

Dconf reads database values from a profile file (See wiki here). And the path of that profile file is read from the DCONF_PROFILE environment variable.

So, first create a file named user2 in your home directory with content like this

user-db:user2

Put your old dconf database file in ~/.config/dconf/ directory with name user2. There should be a file with name user already.
Open a terminal and extract the settings from old database

DCONF_PROFILE=~/user2 dconf dump /org/mate > ~/mate-old

This will dump the values from old dconf database in key-value format in ~/mate-old file.
Now load the settings back into the current database

dconf load /org/mate/ < ~/mate-old

This will restore most of the settings of mate.

Extra: If you want you can restore the whole database using / in place of /org/mate. But I'm not recommending this.


How to record voice for a slide in LibreOffice Impress?

You'll need an audio recording software first.
Ubuntu Help Page recommends Audacity.

Install Audacity.
Go to menu: Edit ▸ Preferences ▸ Devices. Go to section Recording
Choose the appropriate recording device (make sure the device is plugged-in) and click OK.
Record the audio.

After you've recorded your voice, go to Impress top menu and Insert-> Movie and Sound. Find your sound file and click Open to add it in your slide.


Resize or split partition for Ubuntu dual-boot installation?

There are various reasons why you might be unable to shrink a Windows partition. The most common seems to be that Windows has put a non-relocatable file, like a swap file, somewhere late on the partition. There are discussions on Windows forums about how to overcome such problems, but I'm not an expert on this subject, so I can't provide a lot of guidance, aside from suggesting you check Windows forums.

I agree with CentaurusA that "splitting" a partition is a combination of shrinking it and creating a new one in the freed space; however, a Windows tool to do this is likely to create a FAT or NTFS partition in that space, but Ubuntu needs a Linux-native partition (most commonly ext4fs). Thus, you'll end up deleting the newly-created partition, or at least modifying its type code and the filesystem it contains, before you can use it. Also, many Linux installations create multiple partitions -- usually separate root (/) and swap partitions, but also sometimes separate partitions for /home, /boot, or some other purpose. (There are endless discussions of the merits of different partitioning schemes; see here and here for just two such discussions.) There are also various ways that creating a partition you'll just end up modifying or deleting can go awry, such as Windows converting the disk to use LVM or the Ubuntu installer trying to split either that or the original Windows partition rather than use the entire space for itself. The bottom line here is that there's no advantage to letting a Windows tool create a partition for Ubuntu, and there are notable risks to doing so. Instead, you should shrink the original partition, leaving however much free space you want to give to Ubuntu, and then tell the Ubuntu installer to use all that free space for itself.

One final point: Online instructions often gloss over the dangers of partition resizing and OS installation operations. Although these operations usually work as intended, sometimes they go badly wrong; and by "they go badly wrong," I mean "all your data are lost." Given the potential seriousness of a problem, it's best to back up your personal data before you start adjusting partitions or installing a new OS. This is especially true if a partitioning tool is balking at a partition-resize operation; it may be steering clear of a dangerous operation, and if you force the matter by using another tool or some procedure you find online, you might end up creating problems.


Problem while running apt install wine command

Use the arrow keys on your keyboard to get to the ok text then press Enter to accept the license.


Will current Lenovo Thinkpad E560 run with Ubuntu 16.04

It will work perfectly fine out of the box. However, there is a current and unfortunately persistent C-state bug regarding current Skylake CPUs- Skylake processors are unable to achieve a sleep state farther than C3, resulting in increase power drain and reducing the life of the CPU (aka, worse battery life when sleeping/idle).

The new kernel may or may not fix your issues. Some people have found success in disabling certain devices (I fixed the C-state issue on my HP laptop by disabling the Ethernet port, others have disabled the SD Card reader, etc.). You may need to do quite a bit of poking around if you want decent battery life on this machine. If you want to check the C-states of your CPU, install powertop and view "Idle Stats".

Other than that, Ubuntu should work perfectly fine, albeit with possible power drain issues.


Can not install chrome browser in ubuntu 20.04 on Raspberry pi 4 8Gb

Chrome is only compiled/distributed for x86 processors but you should be able to use the open source project, Chromium, that Chrome is based upon.  You can install it by doing apt install -y chromium-browser


There are no plans to change REVU.  It is still meant to be the way to get an application into the repos and have it stay there from release to release.  The ARB is only for applications that are going in for a single already-stable release.

REVU would be less hit-or-miss if the submissions were better though :-/  Many of the packages sit there with comments saying "you need to fix foo" for months and no new uploads with those fixes happen.


Get physical hard drive of encrypted partition

According to the output of lsblk in your question, the only encrypted partition is /dev/sdb5, the swap partition. The root partition / is /dev/sdb1, as you are indicating in your question. It is not an encrypted partition, but there is 'encrypted home', the content of the user's home directory is encrypted, as seen from the output of df -H /home/user/

This is typical for systems with an encrypted private home directory.

So the drive is /dev/sdb with the size 232.9 Gibibyte (250 Gigabyte).


can Unity dashboard search the phrase approximately?

Unity uses keywords in the .desktop file of an application to match the application, so "firefox" and "browser" would work.

It currently does not do mispellings or anything like that, that would be a nice feature to file a bug on though:

How do I report a bug?


How to change java version for Firefox ESR 52?

Funny thing: I knew this procedure earlier on; but I thought at some point it would be no longer working. But it is still super simple:

stop firefox
cd into ~/.mozilla
mkdir plugins
cd plugins
ln -s /from/whatever/java/installation/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so

That's it. You fire up firefox again; and that version of java should be used.

Nicely documented by Oracle, here or there.


What is AppStream? Why is it installed? What is it doing?

The AppStream project page adds a little more jargon but does go onto say:

  It provides the foundation to build software-center applications, by providing metadata necessary for an application-centric view on package repositories. AppStream additionally provides specifications for things like an unified software metadata database, screenshot services and various other things needed to create user-friendly application-centers for (Linux) distributions.

So this is basically what the new software centres are using to get their data from, rather than directly from Apt. appstreamcli refresh (the thing people are freaking out about using all the CPU) is the process that runs after an apt update to regenerate its own data. As mentioned in the question, there appears to be a bug here.

You can see what needs it based on the reverse dependencies:

$ apt rdepends appstream
appstream
Reverse Depends:
  Breaks: libapt-pkg5.0 (<< 0.9.0-3~)
  Depends: plasma-discover
  Depends: plasma-discover
  Depends: gnome-software
  Depends: plasma-discover
  Depends: isenkram-cli
  Recommends: check-all-the-things
  Depends: appstream-index (>= 0.9.4-1)
  Recommends: libappstreamqt1 (>= 0.9.4-1)
  Suggests: appstream-doc
  Depends: gnome-software

So at a base level to answer "What will break [...]?", ^^ that stuff.

Both Gnome's and KDE's software tools depend on it today. More may in the future. Most of these indirect package manager are just "recommends" so if you only ever use apt or tools that only use Apt's package library directly (too many to list), you can get rid of it without removing the whole desktop environment.

You can simulate a removal with apt -s remove appstream:

$ apt -s remove appstream
NOTE: This is only a simulation!
      apt-get needs root privileges for real execution.
      Keep also in mind that locking is deactivated,
      so don't depend on the relevance to the real current situation!
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  linux-headers-4.5-2.dmz.4-liquorix-amd64 linux-headers-4.5-3.dmz.1-liquorix-amd64 linux-image-4.5-2.dmz.4-liquorix-amd64
  linux-image-4.5-3.dmz.1-liquorix-amd64
Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED
  appstream muon-discover plasma-discover
0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 3 to remove and 80 not to upgrade.
Remv muon-discover [4:5.6.4+p16.04+git20160517.1518-0]
Remv plasma-discover [5.6.4+p16.04+git20160517.1518-0]
Remv appstream [0.9.4-1]

This is under KDE so don't assume anything from that. It seems safe enough.

Update:

Running apt -s remove appstream in Kubuntu 18.04 is slightly different:

Remv plasma-discover [5.12.6-0ubuntu0.1]
Remv apt-config-icons-large-hidpi [0.12.0-3ubuntu1]
Remv apt-config-icons-large [0.12.0-3ubuntu1]
Remv apt-config-icons [0.12.0-3ubuntu1] [apt-config-icons-hidpi:amd64 ]
Remv appstream [0.12.0-3ubuntu1] [apt-config-icons-hidpi:amd64 ]
Remv apt-config-icons-hidpi [0.12.0-3ubuntu1]


Ok, first, if you have user files in your computer, back them up...

Download Ubuntu 12.04 LTS .iso file, from here:

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop
Download a Bootable USB creator, any would work...
Now, after you downloaded the USB creator, insert a USB, and the .iso file you downloaded, and "install" Ubuntu to your USB.
After you done that, reboot your computer with the USB inside.
Now, when Ubuntu has booted, select the option to install Ubuntu.
Proceed with the installation process and reboot your computer again.

Now you're done with your computer. If you still have trouble, you can count onthe AskUbuntu community!


Compiling QEMU in ubuntu 20.04 by command `make -j` makes system hang

Don't specify "-j" without a specific number, try to use "-j4".

-j [jobs], --jobs[=jobs]
Specifies  the  number  of  jobs (commands) to run simultaneously.  If there is more than one -j option, the last one is effective.  If the -j option is given without an argument, make will not limit the number of jobs that can run simultaneously. When make invokes a sub-make, all instances of make will coordinate to run the specified number of jobs at a time; see the section PARALLEL
MAKE AND THE JOBSERVER for details.


Fresh Ubuntu installation won't get past GRUB. Stuck in loop

From your description I guess the following scenario:

Grub cannot find the correct partition or drive. The whole rest of your system is installed normally.

Since you have the Grub screen, you can probably boot your system from the Grub commandline. First you have to find your root partition.

find /vmlinuz

this will hopefully give you the root partition, something like (hd0,0). There is also the ls and search commands which work similar to the normal linux shell commands. Tab completion also works. Next, you set the root partition (use the values that the previous find command gives you)

set root=(hd1,1)

then set the linux kernel:

linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda1

next set the initial ramdisk image

initrd /initrd.img

then boot

boot

There is this post which describes the same procedure. There are also other pages that my contain useful information.

A thorough description of Grub2 is found on this page.


No Terminal No Dashboard and No Window border in Ubuntu 14.04

It looks like Ubuntu Desktop and/or Unity didn't install correctly. Try this:

Reboot your computer.
At the grub menu, select Advanced options for Ubuntu and select the Recovery kernel.
When the recovery menu comes up, select the option for the root prompt.
Type mount -o rw,remount / The next steps require you to have an internet connection.
Connect with LAN.
Run apt-get install ubuntu-desktop.
If it says it's already installed, add --reinstall after install.
Run apt-get install unity
See 6.
After the installations finish, reboot.


If you go to the index for that repo and look at the distributions, I think you are going to find that oneiric is no longer supported due to its age.

Try opening up this link in a browser and review the distro names supported:
http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/

Hope that clarifies it for you!  As for legacy drivers, you might want to get a new question opened up to figure out how to get your older hardware working on newer versions of Ubuntu.  Most of the legacy drivers, from what I understand, are incorporated into the kernel now.  With the exception of PAE, which a google search should help find solutions to install Ubuntu and other Linux distros on a non-PAE processor.  I had that problem myself.

I haven't tried this myself, but you might try disabling that repo in your sources so it still tries to download wine, since that is what you are actually trying to download.  Otherwise you might just read up on how to download wine via source and make/compile it yourself.  It's a solid read, but not terribly difficult if you follow along the directions.

Either way, good luck!


tnsnames.ora (mind the extra s) should be in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/
listener.ora is also located in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/.

These 2 files do not have to be there. If not create them yourself using an editor.
$ORACLE is probably installed at /opt/ or /var/opt/. Do an echo $ORACLE.

If you do not remember where you installed it you can use locate to find them with ...

locate tnsnames.ora
locate listener.ora

locate is not real time but based on a database that stores the locations of all files since it was updated. Ubuntu updates this once a week for you. Manual update can be done with ...

sudo locatedb


As Ubuntu usually requires at least 2GB of RAM, you may have a better chance with a fork that runs using low resources, like Xubuntu (http://xubuntu.org) or Lubuntu (http://lubuntu.net).


How to grep (print only) lines starting with uppercase-lowercase pattern?

You can match lines that start with an upper-case letter followed by at least one lower-case letter using POSIX brackets:

... | grep '^[[:upper:]][[:lower:]]'

This doesn't need PCRE (-P) or even extended (-E) regular expression support.


Where is the Mythbuntu control center diskless server option

The diskless option in mythbuntu-control-centre (MCC) didn't make the transition when MCC was rewritten to allow plugins. (Previously all functionality was written in the MCC code) The main developer behind the diskless functionality left the team to go to University, and none of the other developers use that functionality so it has not been ported to the new MCC yet. I've seen a few people offer to port the code in the past, but none have actually done it.


Directory created from command line not appearing in Nautilus

Okay, it turned out to be what I think is a caching problem. The parent directory was already open in Nautilus when I did the mkdir. When the new directory did not appear, I restarted Nautilus and navigated to the parent directory but the new directory was still missing. After posting the question, I did a Ctrl+R in the parent directory and the new directory appeared.


Recovering "My Pictures" folder on Windows using Ubuntu

The links should point to

/host/Users/XXXXX/Videos
/host/Users/XXXXX/Pictures
/host/Users/XXXX/Music

so take a look there.

Also, you have a WUBI installation, you should mention that.

Edit

If you do not find your pictures there, you can find for them with the command

find /media/data -iname '*.jpg' | sed 's|/[^/]*$||' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | less

that will list the directories where there are pictures, sorted for number of pictures contained.

Also, you should check if there are other partitions where your pictures could be. To begin you can do sudo fdisk -l to see disks and partitions.


./waf configure returns 'checking for alsa: not found.'

The alsa-utils package contains tools like aplay and alsamixer.

The ALSA library is provided by the package libasound2.
However, no ordinary user would actually try to compile something, so the files needed for development were moved into the separate libasound2-dev package.


The output of file -sL shows that /dev/mediaserver/homeserver does not point to a file system, but to a disk image, i.e. a binary copy of an entire disk. The disk image apparently contains four partitions.

Use this command to find out the offset of each partition (in sector units) within the image:

$ sudo fdisk -lu /dev/mediaserver/homeserver

Then, for each partition, convert the offset to bytes by multiplying by the sector size reported by fdisk, and pass this in the offset option to mount:

$ sudo mkdir /mnt/part1
$ sudo mount -o offset=... /dev/mediaserver/homeserver /mnt/part1

That should get your data back. More info in this article on StackExchange.


What is the application that displays notifications in Lubuntu 12.04 and how to remove it?

I'm pretty sure that whether notifications are sent to the notifier daemon is on a program by program basis, and you would have to change that in your browser's settings (if possible). I am not 100% sure on this though. At any rate, to just remove notifications altogether:

sudo apt-get remove notification-daemon

You can also replace Lubuntu's notification system with XFCE's, which won't queue up your notifications, like the default one does. To do that:

sudo apt-get install xfce4-notifyd
sudo apt-get remove notification-daemon

When doing it this way, it shouldn't ask to remove all those extra packages, as there will still be a notification system in place. I think it will still say it is uninstalling lubuntu-desktop, but that is because it is a meta package, meaning a package of packages. It won't remove your desktop. :-)

To change the settings for XFCE's notification system (timeouts, position, color), run this:

xfce4-notifyd-config


I had the same problem and it turned out that I used a charge-only USB cable (Stupid me!). Worth mentioning, though, I guess...


Ubuntu goes to a black screen that says boot install

I've had a similar problem: in my case it helped to change the disk-format the Ubuntu USB installation to Fat32 (I think it was NTFS before)


When you remove and re-install Apache it does not remove or over write config files.

see How can I restore configuration files?

Try:

sudo apt-get purge apache2
sudo apt-get install apache2

If that fails, update your question with error messages


Which options of LibreOffice Impress are unreadable?

For me it's "Standardschriften einbetten" (embed standard fonts).

The screenshot was taken in LibreOffice Impress 3.5.3.2.


How can I limit the shell access in Ubuntu 18.04+?

You can try chroot with only limited set of commands.

  chroot (change root) is an isolation facility towards a process from
  Linux kernel. chroot changes the root (/) filesystem for one process
  into another directory. People calls chroot as jail, an environment
  when a process works only inside and can't see outside. In practice,
  creating a chroot environment is likely copying a program and its
  dependencies inside a directory then performing chroot command. In
  other words, chroot is likely creating a little clone of whole
  original system inside a directory. In Linux, chroot needs root user.
  You will see it. I will tell how to do chroot for bash by example.
  This tutorial is applicable to another Linux distributions such as
  Linux Mint or Debian.

Reference