I asked myself the same question a bit ago and when I asked it, I was told that no Ubuntu did not need an antivirus. Mainly due to the fact that the people creating the viruses were going for the big markets (e.g windows) to get the most impact. However, as more and more people come to the Linux side, this may change. If it has not already.

I did use ClamAV Antivirus, but now I do not use one and I have not had an issue.

This site may give you a bit more of an insight Antivirus for Ubuntu


Lili hasn't been updated in 3 years. The last supported Ubuntu Release appears to be Vivid Vervet. Basically no supported Ubuntu release works on Lili. The author doesn't intend on updating it:

It is no surprise your request for help on Lili went unanswered...


I had the same issue when upgraded from 5.6 to 5.7, found a fix in this post:

https://plus.google.com/+TimGoodwin/posts/QubDt1Loky7

  The icon issue can be fixed by opening terminal and typing:
  sudo apt remove sni-qt sni-qt:i386 plasma-systray-legacy
  and restarting the apps.

Removing "sni-qt", "sni-qt:i386", "plasma-systray-legacy" solved the issue.


Managing Ubuntu 14.04 clients alternative landscape

I have found a tool called CFEngine which can be used for free for up to 25 clients.


Erm, you kinda did miss something.  It's there, by default, unless you removed it somehow.  Just click where it says "Directory Tree" and select "Places" from the drop-down menu.


How to reliably install mrxvt on Ubuntu 18.04?

in short:

download the source file from or anywhere else:
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+sourcefiles/mrxvt/

read INSTALL to supply deps and:
./configure --enable-everything --disable-debug

install checkinstall to easily create a .deb package so you can upgrade it later.

this command is ready for v0.5.4:

make && sudo -k checkinstall --pkgsource="https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+sourcefiles/mrxvt/" --pkglicense="GPLv2" --deldesc=no --nodoc --maintainer="$USER\\<$USER@$HOSTNAME\\>" --pkgarch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) --pkgversion="0.5.4" --pkgrelease="MakeRelease" --pkgname=mrxvt make install # see INSTALL for deps and configure command

the same command to read it easily here:

make && sudo -k checkinstall \
--pkgsource="https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+sourcefiles/mrxvt/" \
--pkglicense="GPLv2" \
--deldesc=no --nodoc \
--maintainer="$USER\\<$USER@$HOSTNAME\\>" \
--pkgarch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) \
--pkgversion="0.5.4" \
--pkgrelease="MakeRelease" \
--pkgname=mrxvt make install \
# see INSTALL for deps and configure command


The solution for disabling mouse accel in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS across reboots does not work for me

The easiest way to make your settings consistent after reboot/shutdown is to add the command xset m 0/1 4 to "Startup Applications" in the Dash. The command will be run when you log in.


Ubuntu waits for keypress with purple screen

I suggest you to disable splash screen to see what happens.

To disable splash screen edit:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""

or during the boot try to press left arrow


gdm3 doesn't working after upgrading from 18.04 to 18.10

You may have a problem with an older computer, with an older GPU. Try this...

boot to recovery mode
choose root access

type:

sudo mount -o remount,rw /      # to remount the disk r/w

sudo pico /etc/gdm3/custom.conf # edit this file

change:

#WaylandEnable=false

to:

WaylandEnable=false

Then reboot.


I have both CPU's in 2 different machines.

The A8-5600k, w/8GBRAM, 240GB SSD, and 2TB hard drive.  It runs Ubuntu 13.04, with no problems. (HD 7560D).

The i3 machine has same specs as you listed.  Also no issues with 13.04.

I would recommend the A8, for better performance, and faster processing.

We use the i3 for everyday use, and the A8 for video editing, and we're very happy with it.


Mouse cursor stuck in top left of screen but can still move and interact with invisible mouse

I was able to fix this by installing the nvidia-370 drivers. Try the following steps:

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 at the login screen. This will drop you down into a console where you can login to your user account.
Run sudo service lightdm stop
Use the following commands to download and install nvidia-370. Make sure you are connected to the internet:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-370 nvidia-settings

Disable the nouveau driver. This step may be unnecessary but I did it anyway. Edit the file /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf and add blacklist nouveau at the bottom. Save and Exit.
Run the command sudo update-initramfs -u
Restart with sudo reboot


After some Google research it look like the charging thresholds are, firmware and vendor specific, but Lenovo luckily provides a solution for this on their ThinkWiki site.
you will need to install and load the tp_smapi kernel module using the following:
sudo apt-get install tp-smapi-dkms
sudo modprobe tp_smapi

and then after the install is done you will need specify the charging limits to virtual files in /sys/devices/platform/smapi directory. In the example the limit is being set to 90 and the low limit or when to charge is set to 30:
echo 30 | sudo tee /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/start_charge_thresh
echo 90 | sudo tee /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/stop_charge_thresh

Hope this helps.


If you can have the Windows product key you can sell it. You can download windows iso from microsoft website with a product key and selecting install later by creating iso.
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-IN/windows-8/upgrade-product-key-only

For product key
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGhU57CHp04
http://pcsupport.about.com/od/windows-8/a/windows-8-product-key.htm

Note: You should never connect to internet while recovering your key on windows. That may activate your windows online.


Using a debian command worked for me, but I haven't tested the libs yet, so I'm not 100% sure if it truly worked.  http://packages.debian.org/sid/libmysqlcppconn-dev

apt-get install libmysqlcppconn-dev

However, I did do this first https://askubuntu.com/a/259603/128334.   You probably will need to as well.

Update (it works)

I tried this http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/connector-cpp-examples-complete-example-1.html with this flag https://stackoverflow.com/a/11879650/1382306, and it worked.


With Nemo, you can create your own Action scripts (scripts that appear in the context menu for certain files). You can find a well documented example script here.

With the help provided there, it should be easy to create your own sction script, which you can then save in ~/.local/share/nemo/actions/your_action.nemo_action.

As an example, I'm using the following script to update the modification timestamp (mtime) by invoking touch on the target file(s):

[Nemo Action]
Name=Touch
Comment=Update Last Change Timestamp
Icon-Name=time
Exec=/usr/bin/touch %F
Selection=notnone
Extensions=any
EscapeSpaces=true

With the help of pacpl's manpage, it shouldn't be too hard to create an action script for audio conversion.


Installing 32-bit Wine 1.7.19 on 64-bit Ubuntu 14.04

First, if you've made a mess, you could start cleaning your wine config:

rm -rf $HOME/.wine

Then add the oficial wine PPA to your sources:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa -y && sudo apt-get update

Finally, install the 32 bits version.

sudo apt-get install wine1.8:i386


Package manager issue after installing phusion passenger

The package manager can't open the file /etc/apt/sources.list.d/passenger.list, the reason being "permission denied".

Check the ownership and permissions on the other files in the /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory (type sudo ls -l /etc/apt/sources.list.d/)  and change those of passenger.

list if they are different (i.e. if they do not have the same owner and / or group and permissions (which are the rwx letters)).


Apache symlinked to home directory - Permission Errors

This is not a good practice, I agree with Weboide. But there is a simple way to achieve this goal.

1). enable the apache userdir module.

sudo  a2enmod userdir

this will enable apache userdir module. Now you can put the contents of website in ~/Webroot/ or whatever inside your home directory.

Note: The default folder is ~/public_html

2). Make necessary changes to  /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/userdir.conf.

3). Restart the apache

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Now you  can access the site by navigating your browser to http://ip-address/~username. You can also set a virtual host for this site.

If you are looking to run php files you need to do one more step

edit the /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.conf and comment  the following lines:

 <IfModule mod_userdir.c>
        <Directory /home/*/public_html>
            php_admin_value engine Off
        </Directory>
    </IfModule>
</IfModule>

Then restart the apache.

Thats it. You are done.

Ref:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UserDirectoryPHP

Hope this helps. If you face any difficulties feel free to post it here.


Installing CUDA Deep Learning Toolkit Ubuntu 17.10

Fixed this issue by using the .deb installer(local and online) available of the website to avoid this problem.in the future,if possible avoid the runfile installer.More harm than good if you ask me.


Start kate editor in non-fullscreen mode

I finally found out that in my case it was sufficient to delete

~/.local/share/kate/anonymous.katesession


Ubuntu server 18.04 usb automount like it does desktop

You can either manually mount your usb drive:

fdisk -l

Recognize you device, eg: /dev/sdb1 is your USB partition

mkdir -p /mnt/usb
mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb

Or, add a udev rule which will automount all the devices of type USB in a specified directory.


MySQL not starting because "mysqld: Can't find file: './mysql/plugin.frm' (errno: 13)"

close selinux

setenforce 0

or

vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

restart


In general, you only need to supply the SSID and security settings to connect.

For your Inspiron 1545, you need to install the Broadcom wireless drivers.  Open up the Software Sources application click on the tab "Additional Drivers" in the window that appears.  You should see a list of available drivers.  Install the Broadcom wireless driver.  You may need to restart your computer, but wireless should work after that.

If the additional drivers fail, see:

Installing Broadcom Wireless Drivers


Windows scatters bits and pieces of programs all over its filesystem; in %APPSDATA, the Registry, and C:\Program Files\PROGRAMNAME .

Linux is much more consistent, just different. In a terminal window, do which PROGRAMNAME substituting the name of your program you are looking for in place of PROGRAMNAME. This finds programs installed by Synaptec, by Ubuntu Programs, by manually installs using sudo apt install PROGRAMNAME, and also for preinstalled programs.

Usually you will find programs in /sbin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, or under ~ AKA /home/YOURUSERNAME as a hidden directory.

Once a program is installed, it is added to Ubuntu's menu, or if it's a command-line-only program, you can launch it by typing its name in a terminal window.

Just like with Windows, some programs are so trementously useful that they are built into the Kernel, the heart of the OS. These are things like ls (the list files command). However, you can find the basics of how to use them by typing man PROGRAMNAME at a shell prompt. aka the Terminal Window.

Also please note that PROGRAMNAME is not the same as ProgramName, Programname, or programname, as Linux file naming is case sensitive.


I continued researching on this and I came up with a temporary solution. Information from this answer also helped.

The main difference here is that applications are 64-bit, so I could not fully follow previous solutions. After installing libv4l I needed to find an appropriate path for a 64-bit version compat file to set the LD_PRELOAD variable. After looking around I found out I could do this with:

 $ dpkg -L libv4l-0 | grep compat
 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l1compat.so

This and Veazer's answer helped me complete the workaround by changing viber.desktop file. Important, before making changes make a backup, for example:

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/viber.desktop /usr/share/applications/viber.desktop-original

After that we have all the information we need to change the viber.desktop file. We only need to change one line. The following changes fix the problem in viber:

$ cat /usr/share/applications/viber.desktop | grep Exec
Exec=sh -c 'export LIBV4LCONTROL_FLAGS=2 && LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l1compat.so /opt/viber/Viber'

Note the integer value 2 for camera inversion.

I expect the same approach to also fix chrome but I ll work on it later. Unless somebody can help me fix the underlying problem with the webcam drivers.


Ubuntu boot hangs on Dell XPS 13 7390 2-in-1 with Intel i7-1065G7

In grub press e, then add modprobe.blacklist=intel_lpss_pci in the Linux line after "---" and press f10. That will get you to the full os.. then upgrading to kernel 5.3 will fix the wifi. I read that there are other ways to fix the wifi, by copying the Intel drivers in /lib/firmware, but that did not work for me..

I haven't found a way to get the touchscreen to work yet.. I read something about it sitting behind the intel_lpss module and someone made a driver patch, whatever that is, to get it to work.. but I haven't tried to apply it, nor I know how to.. seems to be a c program


How to create sftp user to access to a specific directory only?

You have pretty much followed the thing.
The best way is to do this:

Mount each of the 3 directories to /home directories by appending the following lines in /etc/fstab:

/var/www/site1/files/ /home/site1/htdocs/ bind 0 0
/var/www/site2/files/ /home/site2/htdocs/ bind 0 0
/var/www/site3/files/ /home/site3/htdocs/ bind 0 0

Use mount -a to instantly initiate the mounts.
Make sure you have added the users site1, site2, site3 to same group (eg. sftpusers or sftponly). You can use these commands to add the users to groups:

usermod -aG sftponly site1
usermod -aG sftponly site2
usermod -aG sftponly site3

Make the /home/{site1,site2,site3} home directories for corresponding users using:

usermod -d /home/site1 site1
usermod -d /home/site2 site2
usermod -d /home/site3 site3

Append the following in your /etc/ssh/sshd_config:

Match group sftponly
      ChrootDirectory %h
      X11Forwarding no
      AllowTcpForwarding no

Finally restart the ssh service using:

service ssh restart

See this post on Digital Ocean for details.


Ubuntu host with ubuntu guest using VMware workstation 12 player, no network connection

This worked for me.

When executed "ifconfig -a", the output did show an active virtual NIC, but the system could not connect to internet because it didn't have an IP address associated to the NIC (I had given a Bridged network to the guest Ubuntu).

To get it working, edit the file: /etc/network/interfaces

Add these lines:

# The primary network interface
auto [vNIC name as appeared on "ifconfig -a" output]
iface [vNIC name] inet dhcp

(remove the angular brackets)
Don't change anything of the loopback interface if you see one.

Save the file and reboot the system. That should do it.


Perhaps this is what you found:
https://insights.ubuntu.com/2015/01/15/virtualbox-extensions-for-maas/

More generally speaking, you'll need to set up your virtual networks with careful consideration for DHCP & DNS as mentioned in that post and in the MAAS docs.


Throw away the 80 gb drive and create a raid partition on each of the 2tb drives and build them into a raid5.


Installed 13.10, continuous internet problems

I think it's because your wifi chipset is not supported by standard ubuntu driver.
Use google to find your wifi chipset and download proprietary drivers.


What's the difference between gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad and the -multiverse plugin?

From the short description for gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad:

GStreamer Bad Plug-ins is a set of plug-ins that aren't up to par compared
 to the rest. They might be close to being good quality, but they're missing
 something - be it a good code review, some documentation, a set of tests, a
 real live maintainer, or some actual wide use.

The multiverse ones are in multiverse due to licensing issues.


Problem loading github and some more pages

Okey, I think I found the solution to my problem. After steeldriver said this, I thought why not update the virtualbox, because it seemed to be something related to it. And I did it and everything works fine!

The version of the VirtualBox I am using now is 5.2.0.


Why do I see multiple processes with the same name

I do not know how to unite them. But a common reason that multiple instances of the same process is listed is because multiple processes are active at that moment. For example, Firefox has a Plugin-Container that is a multi-process design. Google Chrome is a multi-process web-browser. So when Chrome is run you will always see multiple instances of Chrome listed.


I had the same problem,

for me this solved the problem:
Firefox support for signing Addons

or in short: set extensions.langpacks.signatures.required to false in about:config.

Be aware that this is a security risk because this will disable the signature check for all language packs (not normal addons tho).


Grub 2 multiple boot options - what do they do?

The most important are these:

(3,4,7) are generally fine to use to boot Windows; I would stick to 3 or 4 as those boot in UEFI.

7 looks like it might be Legacy boot.

Now, for Ubuntu, use "Boot Ubuntu".
The advanced options you see are simply multiple Kernels. The latest kernel will be booted. This is in place as if you install a new kernel and it breaks your system you can roll back to an older kernel.

MokManager manages owner keys and is created by Boot Repair. Ignore it.


Is there a safe and stable PPA for Code:Blocks with packages for 17.04?

Currently the PPA doesn't have a package for 17.04, but the official Ubuntu repositories for 17.04 currently have the latest version, so you can just use that.
The PPA you are using is the generally recommended PPA for getting the current stable version of Code::Blocks. However, currently that PPA does not support Ubuntu 17.04.
If you go to the PPA page and scroll down to Overview of published packages, there is a Published in: drop-down menu, which shows that the PPA currently provides packages for Precise (i.e., 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin), Trusty (i.e., 14.04 LTS Trusty Tahr), Vivid (i.e., 15.04 Vivid Vervet), Wily (i.e., 15.10 Wily Werewolf), and Xenial (i.e., 16.04 LTS Xenial Xerus).

Currently your release--17.04 Zesty Zapus--is not listed there. In the future, if Zesty appears, that means the PPA provides packages for 17.04. (It will not guaranteee that it provides all the necessary packages, though likely it will.)
Right now the PPA provides Code::Blocks 16.01, which the Code::Blocks website confirms is currently the latest stable release. The name of the package the PPA provides is codeblocks. Searching for this package on the Ubuntu project page on Launchpad yields a search result for the versions packaged officially for Ubuntu. Clicking through brings up the source package page for codeblocks in Ubuntu, which shows the currently available versions.

This reveals that 17.04 Zesty Zapus already has Code::Blocks 16.01. Eventually this will no longer be the latest stable release of Code::Blocks, and when that happens hopefully the PPA will support Zesty. However, until then, you should expect that installing from the official Ubuntu repositories for 17.04 is just as good as installing from the PPA on an earlier release.
To fix your problem, remove the PPA. Then just install the codeblocks package.
Upgrading the Package Later
If the PPA later supports your Ubuntu release and provides a later version of Code::Blocks, and you decide you want to upgrade to that version, then it will be sufficient to enable the PPA again and upgrade the packages on your system (such as with the Software Updater or by running sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade).
This works because both Ubuntu's official repositories and the PPA provide Code::Blocks as the codeblocks package. If the PPA is enabled, has a package for your system, and the package has a newer version than your currently have installed, then you upgrade to it automatically.


How do I enable Bonjour/Avahi lookups in all tools?

If I understand the question correctly, then first step is make sure that Personal File Sharing is enabled on your Mac. You don't say what version of Ubuntu you are using. In 14.04, you should be able to see your Mac if you go to Files > Browse Network.


It's a file located at / (root) named ~.pid.
To create the same file in my root directory:
$ cd /
$ sudo touch '~.pid'

And now let us to look for it at /:
$ find / -maxdepth 1 | grep pid -C 3
/srv
/sbin
/dev
/~.pid                    <<< Here it is
/libx32
/lost+found
/proc

Write something within it:
$ echo hello | sudo tee \~.pid
hello

Look what is inside:
$ cat \~.pid
hello

And what is the type of file:
$ file /~.pid       # Absolute path
/~.pid: ASCII text

$ file \~.pid       # Relative path
~.pid: ASCII text

If you can't state the file using ls or anything else so it has been removed. You can create a file, run it and then remove it. There is still a version of that file in the memory (RAM) being used by python in your case but it has been removed from filesystem so you can't find it.
If you kill the process it should go away. however it depends on the malware. It might get recreated by another process.


iMac Bluetooth keyboard problem with ubuntu

I'm not 100% sure but you cannot use a bluetooth keyboard at the GRUB boot menu. This is due to the fact that the drivers haven't been loaded.

You would have to use a USB keyboard to change what OS you wanted to boot into.


Any way to clean up the look of the shutdown/logout/restart process?

ok to clarify that, when you startup (from power off or restart), is the splash screen in your native resolution?

Also, do you have any new/mainline kernels installed? I mean those that are NOT rolled out as part of ubuntu update.

I use the proprietary nvidia drivers and that messed my start and shutdown screens. I did find a workaround so that the screen now just works like the one with the open source nouveau drivers. Keen on that? Involved editing some grub header files.


How to get KDE Taskbar to display notifications icons on right

KDE UserBase

http://userbase.kde.org/Welcome_to_KDE_UserBase

  How-To's, Tips & Tricks that can help make your KDE software
  experience more enjoyable and productive.

KDE UserBase Plasma

http://userbase.kde.org/Plasma

KDE UserBase Plasma/Panel

http://userbase.kde.org/Plasma/Panels

  Configuration

  The panel can then be configured by clicking on the toolbox located on
  the right for horizontal or bottom for vertical panel. At that point,
  the panel will be in configuration mode. Panel configuration may also
  be accessed via the context (right click) menu in the panel.

  Widgets in the panel can be sorted by dragging them when in
  configuration mode. Widgets align left in the horizontal and top in
  the vertical panel

You could add a new default panel - right click the desktop:

When you are in the configuration mode there is the "compas rose" on the top of the movable object:


How to remove kernels from previous release

If the kernels are not known to dpkg, you can remove them by hand by deleting all their files (I do this to remove locally compiled kernels: How can I remove compiled kernel?)

First check which kernel is running with uname -r

DO NOT DELETE THE RUNNING KERNEL

Let's say you want to delete kernel release 3.19.0-56 from your system.

You can use the release string to locate all of its files and directories. locate -b -e 3.19.0-56 will find existing (-e) files & directories with the string 3.19.0-56 without listing all the files in all the directories (-b)

Having located them, you can append the command to remove them rm -r with xargs. Let's use the -p flag to make xargs interactive, so that we can see the targets and confirm before the command is executed. Here's the whole command:

locate -b -e 3.19.0-56 | xargs -p sudo rm -r

Then type y to really execute rm -r on the targets shown

(this throws some errors complaining that everything that is not a directory does not exist because you're attempting to delete it recursively with -r, but it still works and the files are really gone - check again with sudo updatedb && locate -b -e 3.19.0-56 and nothing will be found)

Finally, to clean the boot menu, run

sudo update-grub


How do I install "user-theme" extension for Gnome 3?

You can download this package! here! You will need Common package too!


The other answer is on the right track but leads to the wrong solution in my case. To track down missing files or directories use this technique:

$ ll /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb  7 04:33 /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0 -> ../../devices/virtual/thermal/cooling_device0/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb  7 04:33 /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device1 -> ../../devices/virtual/thermal/cooling_device1/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb  7 04:33 /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device2 -> ../../devices/virtual/thermal/cooling_device2/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb  7 04:33 /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device3 -> ../../devices/virtual/thermal/cooling_device3/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb  7 04:33 /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device4 -> ../../devices/virtual/thermal/cooling_device4/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb  7 04:33 /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device5 -> ../../devices/virtual/thermal/cooling_device5/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb  7 04:33 /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device6 -> ../../devices/virtual/thermal/cooling_device6/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb  7 04:33 /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device7 -> ../../devices/virtual/thermal/cooling_device7/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb  7 04:33 /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device8 -> ../../devices/virtual/thermal/cooling_device8/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Feb  7 04:33 /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device9 -> ../../devices/virtual/thermal/cooling_device9/

On my system cooling devices are numbered 0 to 9. There is no number 80 which you are trying to access.

Then to see the value of all 9 cur_state files use:

$ cat /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device*/cur_state
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
0

Interesting to note that cooling_device8 is set to -1. I'm not sure why.


You have to set the increment. You can do that by using the set_increments() method of the spinbutton:

spinbutton.set_increments(1.00, 5.00)

That will set it to increment by 1 when left clicking the -/+ and by 5 when middle clicking the -/+.


How do I install the drivers for my Mobility Radeon ATI card?

here: What is the correct way to install proprietary ATI Catalyst Video Drivers (fglrx) directly from AMD?

an answer from this site (:

everythink is there, just read it all and you'll get it, plz read all and read good.
if you really can't understand it, ask here what you need.

for a case I will forget to look here, here is my email:
yinonzadok@gmail.com


You can use gnome-session-properties (in the Dash can be found by typing Startup - it will find the Startup Applications Preferences application:

see:

Then add a new command for xmodmap. Use the absolute path to the file you want to launch with xmodmap:

see:

You can also switch back to a “normal” layout using: setxkbmap -layout fr (replace “fr” with “us” or your keyboard layout variant).


Ubuntu 20.04 suspends when idle, even if relevant power settings are disabled

I found a way to at least work around the problem for now.
Looking at /var/log/syslog I noticed that it was the systemd sleep service which was putting my system into suspended state.
Following the information I found on this page I ran the following command:
$ sudo systemctl mask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target

So far my system hasn't shut down. I'll have to do a few more, longer lasting tests to be sure.
As an ordinary end user, I find my trust in Ubuntu being somewhat shaken by this experience. It seems there is no easy or user friendly way to control the suspend behavior, yet it has evidently been introduced as default behavior in Ubuntu 20.04.
Edit: The solution suggested here has one serious downside: It disables automatic hibernation but it ALSO disables any option to hibernate the system manually. I.e. by selecting Hibernate from the power menu or Whisker menu or whatever you are using. The option simply isn't there anymore.


Can somebody explain this changing `du` output?

This explains it:

$ ls -l feuerkraft/.git/objects/pack/pack-26b69bdec4b3fd894bf7984d23e1938b522e6d53.pack media/.git/objects/pack/pack-26b69bdec4b3fd894bf7984d23e1938b522e6d53.pack htdocs/.git/objects/pack/pack-31a80589fbb132827d19b718c07aba1aa6bb9c02.pack -i
13150428 -r--r--r-- 2 ingo ingo 41191354 Mar 15 14:14 feuerkraft/.git/objects/pack/pack-26b69bdec4b3fd894bf7984d23e1938b522e6d53.pack
13151244 -r--r--r-- 1 ingo ingo 41197513 Mar 28 08:44 htdocs/.git/objects/pack/pack-31a80589fbb132827d19b718c07aba1aa6bb9c02.pack
13150428 -r--r--r-- 2 ingo ingo 41191354 Mar 15 14:14 media/.git/objects/pack/pack-26b69bdec4b3fd894bf7984d23e1938b522e6d53.pack

The feuerkraft and media files point to the same inode, i.e. hard links. This is a feature of git clone and documented in the manpage:

$ man git clone
...
   --no-hardlinks
       Force the cloning process from a repository on a local filesystem to copy
       the files under the .git/objects directory instead of using hardlinks.
       This may be desirable if you are trying to make a back-up of your
       repository.

This also explains why git sets the pack files to read-only, always wondered about that. du also has an option to count hard links double:

$ man du
...
   -l, --count-links
          count sizes many times if hard linked

And that gives the expected results:

$ du -ls media/.git/ htdocs/.git/ feuerkraft/.git/
40696   media/.git/
40564   htdocs/.git/
40740   feuerkraft/.git/


i just installed Lubuntu, but doesn't run, What i'm doing wrong?

Some things to consider:

Install a 64-bit version. The Intel Atom CPU is actually 64-bit.
Boot and install in UEFI mode (disable Legacy/CSM.
As suggested in comments by @RoVo, if manually partitioning make sure to create a small, FAT32 formatted, partition at the beginning of the drive and select it to be used as EFI Partition.


How do I run Nautilus as administrator, and go to the next command line?

gksudo seems appropriate:

gksudo nautilus / &

From the gksudo man page:

   gksu  is a frontend to su and gksudo is a frontend to sudo.  Their pri‐
   mary purpose is to run graphical commands that need  root  without  the
   need to run an X terminal emulator and using su directly.

Note: if gksudo is not available for your release of Ubuntu you can get it with:

sudo apt-get install gksu


How to track temperature changes using sensors?

If you use Unity, psensor is included in Ubuntu since 12.04, it includes a graphic chart and apparently also register it. To install it in Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install psensor

For further explanation and how to add the PPA which includes last available release:
http://www.webupd8.org/2012/07/monitor-hardware-temperature-in-ubuntu.html


HOME partition problem with Two DISTROs (Ubuntu and Xubuntu)

Do I need to create another HOME partion for Xubuntu? Also, I didn't know if I had to create a second swap partition but I did it anaway.

I would use different /home/ for each operating system. You never know if you run into a problem where 2 files are named the same but do something different between 2 different operating systems.

It is perfectly possible to use 1 swap.
What would be the best way to create partitions for these two distros?

I'll answer that with 3. Though I object to "best"... There is no "best" way. There are several methods but any of these methods is fine. It also depens on what you use your machine for.
Can i just share the HOME partition, if so, HOW?

Yes but I would not do that with /home/ itself. Why not put the directories om a different partition and mount that partition in to all of your operating systems?  Like so...

Ubuntu: /root
Ubuntu: swap
Ubuntu: /home/user/
xUbuntu: /root
xUbuntu: swap
xUbuntu: /home/user/
/discworld/Pictures
/discworld/Downloads
/discworld/...

and then symlink /discworld/ or the directories in /discworld/ into /home/user/

You can also skip a separate /home/ and have that as part of /. Saves you about 10Gb per /home/.
You can also skip adding more than 1 swap if you want.

The general idea is that you do not use /home/user/ and store all your date elsewhere (and that elsewhere can be used on any system). It then does not matter if xUbuntu uses a different set of directories: you just add them all to that partition.

I have had experience with sharing Redhat, Suse and Ubuntu with 1 /home/ and we quickly decided that a /home/ per operating system and a big datapartition works a lot better. If you consider backup: you backup that partition and have all the important data. All the other can be recreated with a re-install. If you use it as a server all you need to do is point the data dir for MySQL to that partition and for apache set up the virtual sites to that partition. And maybe create a script that copies all the config files to the partition (so those are backupped too).


Strange terminal behaviour over SSH from WSL to Ubuntu server

This was related to using TERM=xterm-color on the remote host. Changing it to TERM=xterm-256color mitigates the problem.

It was reported and investigated on Microsoft/console GitHub Issue #139.


The phpMyAdmin configuration storage is not completely configured

OP's answer:

I solved this problem with the following :

cd /usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin/examples
sudo gunzip create_tables.sql.gz
mysql -u root -p < create_tables.sql
mysql -u root -p -e 'GRANT SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE ON phpmyadmin.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY "pmapassword"'

Then edited /etc/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php on these lines :

/* Optional: User for advanced features */
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser'] = 'pma';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlpass'] = 'pmapassword';

Logged back in phpmyadmin, and then, the warning message had disappeared.

Also note that you may have a new warning about phpmyadmin storage not completely configured. This can be caused because you need to tell phpmyadmin the name of the tables to use their features. That can be done editing /etc/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php on this lines:

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['pmadb'] = 'phpmyadmin';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['bookmarktable'] = 'pma__bookmark';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['relation'] = 'pma__relation';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_info'] = 'pma__table_info';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_coords'] = 'pma__table_coords';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['pdf_pages'] = 'pma__pdf_pages';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['column_info'] = 'pma__column_info';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['history'] = 'pma__history';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_uiprefs'] = 'pma__table_uiprefs';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['tracking'] = 'pma__tracking';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['designer_coords'] = 'pma__designer_coords';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['userconfig'] = 'pma__userconfig';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['recent'] = 'pma__recent';

Note the double underscore __.


Why shellharden does not output background colors in Terminator?

Shellharden author here.

Shellharden uses 24-bit colors. It could be that your version of terminator does not support that (terminator 1.91 works here).

Wikipedia has a list of which terminals support 24-bit color.

You can try this to test if your terminal supports 24-bit colors:

printf '\e[1;3;4;5;48;2;176;255;255;38;2;255;128;0mcarrot in the sky with underline\e[m\n'


How to make a Stop Motion or Time-lapse video with webcam?

Capturing a zillion images.
The first step is capturing images. Let's imagine you want to take a photo once every 10 seconds and save that into a directory sitting on your desktop
mkdir ~/Desktop/cap
cd ~/Desktop/cap

We use streamer to do the capture so let's install it:
sudo apt-get install streamer

And now we want to capture
streamer -o 0000.jpeg -s 300x200 -j 100 -t 2000 -r 1

-t is the number of frames we want to capture. -r is frames per second. So this should grab one frame every second. If you compress that down into a 30fps video, one minute of capture becomes 2 seconds of video. You'll want to tune this appropriately depending on how much output video you want.
That line will give you 2000 images, it'll take half an hour to record and, at 30fps, will generate just over 1 minute of video.
Putting it all together
I'm going to use ffmpeg. There are many different ways of putting it together including mencoder but I just prefer ffmpeg's outlook on life. After installing it (sudo apt-get install ffmpeg) just wang out this:
ffmpeg -r 30 -i %04d.jpeg -s hd480 -vcodec libx264 -vpre hq time-lapse.mp4

The quality settings there aren't anything like that of my webcam so you might want to play around with the options a lot more to get a better encode, but that should generate you a nice 30fps video, compressed up in x264.
You might want to play around with the framerate (-r) but I wouldn't go below 15fps.


Can't install Ubuntu 20.04 on Alienware R11 PC

The first issue happened because the "Intel Platform Trust" stuff got in the way of you installing an operating system. The simplest way forward would be to:

Reboot the machine
Enter the BIOS
Find something in the security section that says "TPM" or "Intel Platform Trust Technology"
Change the setting to disabled
Save and Restart

From this point, you should be able to install Ubuntu normally without the "Safe Graphics" mode.


The additional dock was appearing because of wbar.

If you go to task manager

gnome-system-monitor

you will see wbar running, and it will disappear when you end that process.

To remove it permanently, follow these instructions: http://installion.co.uk/ubuntu/vivid/universe/w/wbar/uninstall/index.html

than after restart, it won't be showing again.


HP Color LaserJet MFP-M277dw: gap between Ubuntu version and driver version

My research is shared in the comments below the question post. In essence I came across two barriers:

Nominally, the minimum HPLIP version needed for this new printer model is not supported by the Ubuntu standard toolkit. This is not a hard limitation though. I could install the latest HPLIP version 3.16.11 (so this answer has been updated, dated Feb 2017) while holding on to Ubuntu 14.04.

I went to http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/gethplip.html to download the installer hplip-3.16.1.run in a convenient directory. This is a bash script and you may need to make it executable (say chmod 774 hplip-3.16.1.run). It starts a interactive build of hplip.
The interactive dialogues launched by the script are described pretty well in http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/install/install/index.html. It recognizes missing dependencies and installs them --- in my situation this caused no critical situation such disruptive or avalanching dependencies requests. It also took care patiently of removing the extant version 3.14.3.
Then, the script gave the option to run the tools hp-setup and hp-plugin. They took care of identifying the printer model, install the relevant PPD file (driver) and customize some settings such as the device names for printer and fax.
In the end I have printed out the test page successfully. The scanner is active (type 'scan' in the Launcher). I have not tested the fax.
As a last step, at the point of printing a document from an application (say, gedit), there was a claim that the printer was not connected whereas it was. To fix this, I went to the CUSP interface page http://localhost:631/admin and added the printer manually following the instructions displayed there. Hence the printer showed up in the tab http://localhost:631/printers. At this point, the printing queue moved on, much to my relief.

The earlier upgrade process to HPLIP 3.15.4 in another computer was not fail-safe. A missing library python-dev interrupted the installation of the latest version, but the script did not fall back onto the earlier version that had been wiped out in the meantime. Nowadays the installation script for 3.16.11 takes care of dependency and conflict issues. However, for one computer out of four (all Ubuntu's 14.04), the bulk of HPLIP got installed while some important utilities, such as hp-setup and hp-plugin, failed. This problem is detailed in another post on SuperUser

Hope this helps.


Google Chrome will not exit fullscreen mode

Happened to me  with google-chrome.

I've been tinkering around, since removing the whole ~/.config/google-chrome directory removes most of the customization, so I looked for a better way.

I ended up replacing this section:
(this is a from a new generated ~/.config/google-chrome/Default/Preferences)

browser": {
    "window_placement": {
    "bottom": 586,
    "left": 9,
    "maximized": false,
    "right": 1013,
    "top": 29,
    "work_area_bottom": 600,
    "work_area_left": 0,
    "work_area_right": 1024,
    "work_area_top": 23
    }
},


How can I make creating a PDFs collaboratively easier?

Alfresco

Is an opensource alternative to Microsoft sharepoint

Here are some of its important functions and features

1) Managing documents: Enable your business to create, capture, share and retain the content. From a single repository the company can manage documents, images, audio and video files. The files can also be previewed in the browser without the need to download them.

2) Managing the records: The records management feature of Alfresco helps file the records by using drag and drop feature from the desktop, email client, or any browser. It is developed on Alfresco’s document management repository. The users can choose appropriate interface for adding the records.

3) Web content management: Not exactly what you are asking for but this feature enables the web content developers to create the content, collaborate on the content, approve the content and finally publish it. It provides environment for the web teams to work together and collaborate.

4) Enterprise collaboration: Alfresco provides the platform for a number of teams spread across various parts of the country or the world to collaborate together on content or projects in a real-time manner. It has some powerful team tools like document library, Wiki, calendar and others. There are personal dashboards that allow the users to setup and view information anyway they want. The latest version of Alfresco provides excellent features for social content management.

For more information click here

Note: I have never used Alfresco, my company uses MS SharePoint but I have heard a lot a good things about it


Error while installing GNU Octave packages

This should be solved with the following command:

sudo apt-get install octave-pkg-dev

It installs the missing mkoctfile program.


Can I install Ubuntu Gnome 3.14 over Ubuntu Unity without losing /home?

Can I just install Ubuntu Gnome 14.10 over it and don't lose any data from my /home ?

No.  Very simple: even a small error could render your system unusable with just a grub recovery prompt or not even that. Nobody can predict a power failure. Or you pressing the reset button or pulling a cord from the machine.

You never mess with desktop enviroments, filesystems, videocard configurations without making an extra backup and making sure you can restore that backup.

And extra: also always make sure you have a working Live DVD so you can restore that backup from the Live DVD.

If you do that: feel free to mess around with anything even /home. All your files are safe (well at least for the time you need to install a new desktop).


Fonts / Resolution are coming as stretched

Your computer uses resolution with different aspect ratio than what is native for your monitor. Go to System Settings → Display and pick a different one.


Is there a simple web GUI for Apache that runs on Ubuntu?

Webmin is still available for Ubuntu even if it's not shipped with the default applications or repositories.

Edit the source file:

sudo -H gedit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webmin.list

Add this line into the end:

deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib

Download and install the key:

wget -q http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -

Update the software list

sudo apt-get update

Install Webmin:

sudo apt-get install webmin

Finally, in your client’s web browser, go to the webmin login page, https://localhost:10000.

HINT

If you don't want to add the repository you can just download the .deb by clicking this.

Now you can install it:

sudo dpkg -i webmin*.deb


Dual monitor issue with Lenovo P50+Quadro M1000M

source
gdm3 disables external monitors when options nvidia-drm modeset=1 is set.  You can choose:

modeset=1: No screen tearing, can't use external monitors
modeset=0: Screen tearing, but can use External monitors

The fact it wouldn't work in lightdm still is a bit odd.  I recall reading somewhere there's an issue with external monitors where it will try to output via VGA even if the monitor is connected by other means.


Python was compiled with 2-byte representations of unicode characters instead of 4-byte representations. Fix by re-configuring with

./configure --enable-unicode=ucs4

See the following: http://effbot.org/pyfaq/when-importing-module-x-why-do-i-get-undefined-symbol-pyunicodeucs2.htm


How to patch Apache mod-proxy 3.0.1 with 3.0.1-1.1?

The Lord of Time solved this in a comment:

  FYI, this was fixed in Quantal. This post here however is a bug report. I will move this to the bugtrackers, and get an SRU filed

The Lord Of Time July-3-12


How do I automatically mute/unmute sound during a certain time period (e.g. night)?

Following the link in the comments of @Rinzwind: How do you mute from the command line?

Use crontab to mute and unmute the computer at night as follows:

Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter one of the the following lines to edit the /etc/cron.d file:

For a regular user, use the following command:

crontab -e

For system-wide solution, use the following command:

sudo crontab -e

At the end of the resulting file add the following two lines:

00 22 * * * amixer set Master mute
29 07 * * * amixer set Master unmute

Press Ctrl+X and then Y to save and exit crontab.

Explanations:

Each line in crontab has five time-and-date fields, followed by a command, followed by a newline character ('\n'). The fields are separated by spaces. The five time-and-date fields cannot contain spaces. The five time-and-date fields are as follows:

minute (0-59),
hour (0-23, 0 = midnight),
day (1-31),
month (1-12),
weekday (0-6, 0 = Sunday).

See the CronHowto in Ubuntu Help for more details.

Note: This will not work if the machine is off at the predefined time. For example, if power goes off at 9PM and comes back at 11PM, audio will not be muted when the power comes back.

Hope this helps


Quit Skype if running
Uninstall Skype IF you installed it from the repositories.
Reboot
Choose your Skype version (32/64 Bit) to download and install it
Make sure you added the repository ppa:skype-wrapper/ppa
In terminal console, run

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:skype-wrapper/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install skype-wrapper python-skype

After that, run in terminal console

skype-wrapper

Acknowledge the pop up authorization requests (don't forget to check the boxes to remember the selection)
Restart and done!

This is how I got it working.

Current 14.04 workaround until the skype-wrapper team fixes their PPA packages for Trusty.

Download the Saucy package and install - dont worry, this will not harm your installation since its just a python package

wget https://launchpad.net/~skype-wrapper/+archive/ppa/+files/python-skype_1.0.32.0-1%7Esaucy1_all.deb

Install a prerequisite:

sudo apt-get install python-support

Install the downloaded deb:

sudo dpkg -i python-skype_1.0.32.0-1~saucy1_all.deb

Now continue starting from point 1. at the top of this answer.


Can I connect my Ubuntu laptop to my HDTV wirelessly?

Many TVs support DLNA. You can install "minidlna" on your computer.

sudo apt-get install minidlna
 specify the folders in /etc/minidlna.conf
  edit /etc/init.d/minidlna.conf as shown below so that minidlna is run with your user privileges (this is a hack but I didn't find an easier way to get it working).

# Run as minidlna' if USER is not specified or isroot'
if [ -z $USER ]; then
  USER=minidlna
fi

# If no group is specified, use USER
if [ -z $GROUP ]; then
  GROUP=$USER
fi

USER=myusername  # <-- your username here
GROUP=myusername  # <-- your username here


Even at your 64bit system, the installation might as well work out coz i have just successfully installed Matlab2012a in mine... here's what i did.. :

1.in the /matlab-install-files/sys/java/jre/glnx86/jre/bin/java ,i did

 sudo chmod +x ./java

2.within the installation directory:

 sudo chmod +x ./install

3.finally, install by:

 ./install

or

 sudo ./install


ubuntu 12.04 server can not reboot on its own after reinstallation

What is your skill level?

How detailed instructions do you need?

Have you tried? :

(1.) Check RAM.

(2.) Try Recovery Mode

(3.) Boot from startup-DVD or -USB, and 'attempt repair'.

Is is possible 'power outage' damaged CPU/motherboard? Is it no longer stable?

( a long RAM test cycle will pick that up. )


How do I update only one specific application

sudo apt-get install chromium-browser

Will actually perform an update instead of an install.

Keep in mind that changing from one version of an package to another is still considered an "install" in dpkg terms. It's only us humans that see it as an update.

As EliahKagan has pointed out, updating chromium will also update its dependencies, where needed.


How do I remove the apps "Files" and "File Manager"?

Generally files is just nautilus so if you want to remove it maybe you have to execute

sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove nautilus

but I have a bad feeling about it. Nautilus is deeply integrated within ubuntu.

Anyway I found a community help wiki that has methods to set Thunar as default file manager. There's a script method and there's a manual method.

The script method should be easier however there's a disclaimer written before it. (I don't think you should worry)

To use the script method anyway make a text file in your home folder and name it defaultthunar then copy this script and paste it inside the text file.

Then run those two commands:

chmod +x defaultthunar
./defaultthunar

That's it. If you want to restore back nautilus run ./defaultthunar in terminal (which just runs the script again).

Alternatively you can do the manual method if you want.


Sharing Audio Streams In Firefox when using Gksudo

This may be one of the top five wrong ways to fix audio according to this, but it worked.

http://voices.canonical.com/david.henningsson/2012/07/13/top-five-wrong-ways-to-fix-your-audio/

Adding the user who will be running the app to the audio group.  Since the user in my example is called internet, this commands works:

 usermod -a -G audio internet


I don't see an answer here, and I have the same problem.  I saw another thread suggesting use of ecryptfs-recover-private (link below) and I'll be doing that soon.  If you want to recover the entire home, here is what I will be doing. Using the utility to open the .private; backup the contents unencrypted to a giant usb drive, also copy the .private folder there just out of paranoia.  Then, clear the partition and set as home.  Once it works, copy the contents back from the usb drive and reboot (with fingers crossed).
Here is that link:
How can I recover encrypted data from a previous Ubuntu installation?

PS: Why not just do this and then post my experience and not just the plan?  It's going to take a while and once crisis passed I may forget!


Boot to text mode by default on LiveUSB?

If by 'booting Text mode' you are referring to verbosely displaying the boot-up process, without having to press the Escape key every time, here's how you would do that.

In a Terminal, run these commands:

sudo sed -i 's/"quiet splash"/""/g' /etc/default/grub
sudo update-grub


I'm not sure why it's not working with Comix but getting it to work with Evince is quite easy. In my opinion, Evince is superior to Comix. To get cbr files to open with Evince, all you have to do is install Unrar. To install Unrar, enter the following command in the terminal.

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends unrar

After installing Unrar, you should be able to open cbr files (and other comic book files) with Evince. You don't have to change any settings, just install Unrar.


Terminal speaking in tongues after curl command

This is a common problem due to curl's default behavior of writing to standard output unless told to do otherwise. The problem will likely become less common as the newest versions of curl become more widely adopted.

The reason the problem happens is that binary files frequently contain sequences of characters that are interpreted as escape sequences.

As guiverc says, typing reset and pressing Enter is usually sufficient to fix this. It may be useful to press Ctrl+C a few times first, because if you had accidentally typed anything else into the terminal, you might not know about it because the terminal isn't displaying things properly.

Sometimes reset doesn't work. You can try running stty sane followed by tput rs1, which should work.

References and Further Reading

Fix terminal after displaying a binary file
How to fix a terminal after a binary file has been dumped inside it?
How to avoid escape sequence attacks in terminals?
(Though usually when binary data messes up your terminal, it's accidental and harmless.)


Easiest way to get GRUB bootloader to appear first

You need to boot from a LiveCD / USB.  Once you are booted to it, you need to open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T.  Once your terminal is open, type in the following to get a listing of your hard drive(s) in your system:

sudo blkid

You might see something like this:

/dev/sda1: UUID="A0F0582EF0580CC2" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="8c2da865-13f4-47a2-9c92-2f31738469e8" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda3: UUID="5641913f-9bcc-4d8a-8bcb-ddfc3159e70f" TYPE="swap"

As you can see here that the /dev/sda2 is where the Ubuntu is installed by the TYPE="ext4" format of the partition.  To install the grub, we are going to mount that partition.  From the terminal window, type in:

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys

Then we are going to switch over to the drive so we can install grub.  Type in the terminal window:

sudo chroot /mnt

Now, we are going to install grub to the first drive, which should be /dev/sda.  Type in at the terminal window:

grub-install /dev/sda

Then we need to update grub to make it the bootable MBR.  Type in:

update-grub

you should see output similar to:

Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-38-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-38-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-37-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-37-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1
done

Then all we have to do is unmount everything and reboot the host back to the hard drive.  It should default to grub2 when booting back up.

exit
sudo umount /mnt/sys
sudo umount /mnt/proc
sudo umount /mnt/dev/pts
sudo umount /mnt/dev
sudo umount /mnt
sudo reboot

Hope this helps!


How to access internet and run apt-get through a middle server?

Open a terminal and start ssh dynamic port forwarding:

ssh -D 1080 root@10.0.0.1

This will start a socks proxy on your computer on port 1080.

Add this line to your /etc/apt/apt.conf file:

Acquire::socks::Proxy "socks5h://localhost:1080";

Then you can run your apt update / apt install commands. When you're done, you can close the ssh connection and revert the changes in apt.conf.

You can also tell your Browser or other applications to use that Socks proxy and access the Internet.


mkdir -p $HOME/opt/cross will create the directory, where you should install your cross-compilation tools. sudo apt-get install apt-src;man apt-src will show you how to get the source code for any package.


What is the easiest way to exhaustively test the proxy support of my application?

I suggest you try dante-server as your SOCKS proxy. It is extensively configurable and has a lot of features that should allow you to fine-tune your 4/5 test cases.

Note that the version in the Debian/Ubuntu repos is somewhat old (1.1.x), and you may prefer a more current 1.3.x version which is available as a PPA. I'm on my phone otherwise I'd link you to the exact PPA.


There are a couple of strange things here. First, as I just learned trying to answer your question (thanks!), sed has a cool trick:

/foo/s//bar/

This means "if this line matches foo, then replace whatever was matched by foo with bar. I don't really understand the point of it, to be honest, you could do the same thing with a simple s/foo/bar/, but there you go.

As for the regex:

^ : match the beginning of the line.
[^:]* : when the ^ is inside square brackets, that is a negative character set. So, while [abc] means a or b or c, [^abc] means anything except a, b or c. So, [^:]* will match 0 or more non-:.
[eE]xception: this matches exception or Exception.
:.* : matches a : and then everything else until the end of the line.
Finally, the first part is in escaped parentheses (\( \)) which means that whatever was matched is captured and can be referred to later as \1.

The next bit is the substitution operator, here s//\1/p. This means substitute whatever was matched before (including the non-captured part, so the whole line) with whatever was captured (\1). The result is that only whatever was on the line up to and including the word expression (or Expression) will be printed. And, since the -n suppresses output, the p at the end means "print this line if the substitution was successful.

Finally, the uniq -c will give you the number of lines matching the pattern found in your file. note that it is not the number of times the word exception occurs in the file. If you have more than one exception: on the same line, that will be counted as one.


How can I install Rhythmbox in xubuntu without nautilus?

You dont have to install all the recommended packages - it is these extra packages that have a gnome & nautilus dependency.

The following simulates an install on xubuntu 12.04 N.B. -s is the simulate parameter.

sudo apt-get -s --no-install-recommends install rhythmbox
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-0.10 gir1.2-gstreamer-0.10 gir1.2-rb-3.0 libdiscid0 libgmime-2.6-0 libmusicbrainz3-6 libneon27-gnutls libpeas-1.0-0 libpeas-common
  libquvi-scripts libquvi7 librhythmbox-core5 libtotem-plparser17 media-player-info rhythmbox-data
Suggested packages:
  gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gnome-control-center
Recommended packages:
  rhythmbox-mozilla rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder rhythmbox-plugin-zeitgeist rhythmbox-plugins
The following NEW packages will be installed
  gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-0.10 gir1.2-gstreamer-0.10 gir1.2-rb-3.0 libdiscid0 libgmime-2.6-0 libmusicbrainz3-6 libneon27-gnutls libpeas-1.0-0 libpeas-common
  libquvi-scripts libquvi7 librhythmbox-core5 libtotem-plparser17 media-player-info rhythmbox rhythmbox-data

As you can see above, removing the recommended packages using --no-install-recommends as a parameter removes the gnome & nautilus packages.

Thus - install rhythmbox and its plugins minus gnome & nautilus:

sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install rhythmbox rhythmbox-plugins


How to avoid Zoom from going full screen?

As far as I know, both in Linux and Windows Zoom versions, in order to set preferences, you have to join a meeting first. However, the preferences you set remain in effect for subsequent meetings as well.
After you join the meeting, press the "shield" icon in top-left corner to display the connection information (number 1 on the enclosed picture), then press the gear icon to get to the Settings window (2). Select "Share screen" in the Settings window and there you have a setting called "Enter full screen when a participant shares screen" (3).


Problem installing ubuntu 12.04..stuck at install screen

During installing, do not connect to internet via WIFI or any other source. When you are connected to internet, it might be trying to update as well. Choose replace windows and try to install, but do not click anywhere which is written as connect to a network or something like that. You should be able to install. Please try this without being connected to internet. If the problem persists , Please leave a comment. And you don't need to provide any WIFI code. make sure you are not connected to any network or internet during installation.

Hope this helps, else ask again with your problem with details.       Thanks


You have two problems. One you do not have links installed, install it by running sudo apt-get install links and second on line 11 you have this:

[SNIP] > $rootdir/>$filename

This does nothing. It says to redirect it to a directory. If you want the output written to / you should instead have it say

[SNIP] > $rootdir/$filename


If you're using KDE/Plasma, you can use the window manager application settings / window settings to control this.

Click the window icon or right-click in the title bar or use Alt+F3 to bring up a context menu.
Select "More actions" -> "Special application settings" or "Special window settings".
There, use the "Position" checkbox to force the window to stay at a specific position.


nautilus (files app) takes long time to start on Ubuntu 18.04

Update:

Problem solved,
After some try and error I found the guilty package.

Starting from ubuntu 18.04.3 a package named xdg-desktop-portal-gtk has been added to the release.

I don't know what is the package used for. No other packages depend on it; And I did't need it. Purging it using purge command apt-get purge xdg-desktop-portal-gtk solved the issue. Below you can find the output for time command like time nautilus for opening and closing it ASAP which shows it take about 29 seconds to open before purge and about 2 seconds after purging it.

Before
real    0m28.818s
user    0m0.678s
sys 0m0.402s

After
real    0m1.943s
user    0m0.885s
sys 0m0.156s

P.S: purging the package had no side effect on my system and Ubuntu works smoothly as expected.

History:

Suffering from same issue in 18.04.3,

To get rid of the problem and still have 18.04, you might downgrade to 18.04.2.

I did that, 18.04.2 works smoothly as expected and I have 18.04 as you asked.


Well, ok, the problem was that for my virtual machine 3D acceleration was enabled. Switching it off solves this problem though it makes the whole interface not working smooth enough, which is another story.

Finalyzing and summing up all comments and updates, here is the workaround for this:

switch off 3d accelartion for VM in VM settings
Start the system, run Chrome, switch off hardware acceleration in Chrome settings(just search for acceleration in search string)
Switch off VM, enable 3d acceleration back and start the machine again. Chrome should be working normally now.


How to find 2.6.35 pae kernel for 10.04?

You are refering to the mainline builds, you can find all instructions and warnings here

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/MainlineBuilds


screen noise playing videos on 14.04 using nvidia GeForce Gt610 with nvidia driver 340

I am having the same problem (GeForce GTX650 1024MB)! ... the screen noise is actually called tearing.... Since I am trying to use UbuntuGnome so far no fix, but on Unity you could try:

To fix it on Unity:

Step 1

Open up the CompizConfig Settings manager via the System > Preferences menu
Click the ‘General Options‘ button and go to the ‘Display Settings‘ tab
Change the ‘refresh rate’ to ’60′ using the slider (though higher if you’re a gamer, etc)
Tick the ‘Sync To VBlank’ check-box

Step 2

Open Nvidia X Server Settings Via the System > Preferences Menu
Choose ‘OpenGL Settings’ on the left-hand side
Check the box next to “Sync To VBlank” to enable it

Step 3
To finish up: -

Open Startup Applications via the System > Preferences menu
Click on ‘Add’
Enter ‘Nvidia Settings’ or similar for the name
Enter ‘nvidia-settings -l’ for the command entry.

http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/01/how-to-fix-video-tearing-in-videos-nvidia-ubuntu


Okay, I have an answer to my question and tested it and it worked just fine on my Ubuntu. You have to create a /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules file and add the following line inside:

SUBSYSTEM=="net",
ACTION=="add",
DRIVERS=="?*",
ATTR{address}=="00:13:f1:ab:1e:e8",
ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0",
ATTR{type}=="1",
NAME="enp6s0f0"

Where ATTR{address} contains the MAC address of the interface which name you want to change and the NAME is the name of the interface.

You also need to change the name of this interface in /etc/networ/interfaces file to match the NAME defined in /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules and of course reboot the machine. After the restart, all your network interfaces will be available including the one which name you have changed.

Please note that if you modify the /etc/default/grub file and add the update the grub and modify the line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"

You will need to add all the interfaces in the /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules file, otherwise only the renamed interface will show up after the restart of the machine, so I strongly advise you against changing this line. This is how I ended up with no network on my server and needed to connect locally to it to fix the network settings.

I was also not being able to find an easy way to populate the 70-persistent-net.rules file.


Cannot access Ubuntu Server 13.10 remotely after server reboot

Okay. First of I want to thank all who tried to help me. I post everything what I did here.

"I managed physically to get to the server this morning and noticed that it's still in the same state as yesterday. BUT! I read the log above and noticed it had just logout my user, and got stuck into root (aka single-user mode). Therefore ssh connection was not available. I used 'sudo reboot now' command for rebooting. It said it failed restarting at some point but unfortunately I don't remember which point it was. Although I have ssh connection now working fine. I restarted the machine then correctly and when it had fully rebooted and asked for my user's credentials, I was able to connect via ssh from public, without logging in physically.

TL;DR - The rebooting of server failed, and only logged my user out. Then server was on root mode (aka single-user mode) and had never actually rebooted. Although, when I pressed the power button and it rebooted, I was able to create a ssh session."

Now, I got again physically to the server and tried to reboot it via ssh first. I noticed it fails when it tries to kill all remaining processes. I said this to my friend and he suggested me to do only "sudo reboot", without the now-attribute. Well, this command rebooted server successfully and I was able to make ssh connection when it had rebooted. My friend was thinking that the now-attribute is not a real attribute for reboot command but he was wondering why it's not shown as invalid attribute then. Anyhow, a normal "sudo reboot" rebooted the server just fine. I'd like once again thank you all for helping me out. Cheers!


How to use Kinect (Xbox 360) as a Desktop Controller

OpenKinect is probably your best initial bet. They have a bit in their wiki about installing for Ubuntu that I'll summarise below:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:floe/libtisch
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libfreenect libfreenect-dev libfreenect-demos
sudo adduser $USER video

Then you can run the freenect-* demos like freenect-glview.

And if that doesn't work (missing package, etc), you can always go back to the wiki where they have manual installation instructions.

I should point out that this still doesn't really do anything. It's a library for interfacing with the Kinect and a few tech demos. If you want something more specific than what the demos provide, you'll either need to look for different software or you'll need to write something yourself.


Normally you should use the NVIDIA drivers from the official Ubuntu repositories.
But because you are having quite new hardware - the 358 drivers might be better.

First remove installed NVIDIA drivers and bumblebee.

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and  press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press F10 to boot the Ubuntu operating system.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Enter your user name and the password and execute :

sudo apt-get purge nvidia* bumblebee
sudo reboot

Now install the latest official stable NVIDIA drivers.

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and  press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press F10 to boot the Ubuntu operating system.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Enter your user name and the password and execute :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-358 nvidia-prime
sudo reboot

Open NVIDIA X Server Settings - select PRIME Profiles tab.
Switch to the graphics you want to use, logout and back in.
Dynamic switching is not supported under Linux as of now.


Dell Latitude D630 wireless issues running Ubuntu 13.10

Please get a temporary wired ethernet connection, open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get remove --purge ndiswrapper*
sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

Note that, as mentioned in the comments, firmware-b43-installer was formerly linux-firmware-nonfree.

Detach the ethernet, reboot and let us hear your report.


What terminal is this? Add the output of echo $TERM to your question.
This can happen when you have escape sequences (as generated by tput) in your prompt that are not surrounded by \[ and \].  Those backslashed brackets tell Bash that the escape sequences do not take up any horizontal space on the screen.  Without them around the escape sequences, Bash counts each byte of the escape sequence as a visible character, which messes up previously displayed commands as you move back and forth through command history.
Source
To check if you have escape sequences in your prompt, use echo "$PS1" | od -c and lookfor characters with the value 033. If you spot those, then you have escape sequences in your prompt.
If you find 033 in your prompt
Check where the prompt PS1 is set: grep -i ps1 .*|less
Then edit that file (often it's in .bashrc)and surround the sequence with \[ and \].


Where or what are the instructions for installing FMOD Ex for Linux to use in g++?

It looks like you already unpacked the .tar.gz file, so look in the Documentation directory.

The document Getting started with FMOD for Linux.pdf says:

Installation

Link the following library into your project:

Use api/lib/libfmodex.so to use the FMOD Ex API.


Tools for 3D animations, models, skeletons and other animation techniques

Blender

Install

sudo apt-get install blender

Docs and videos How to's

Wings 3D

Install

sudo apt-get install wings3d

Documentation

K-3D

Install

sudo apt-get install k3d

K-3D Mug Tutorial


Configuring Firefox to use a proxy from the command line

Firefox just can't do the standard thing and use environment variables (though to be honest this is partly justified as the standard thing doesn't allow for proxy autoconfiguration files). The preferences for static proxies are

user_pref("network.proxy.http", "wwwproxy.example.com");
user_pref("network.proxy.http_port", 3128);
user_pref("network.proxy.type", 1);

There's a Firefox extension to use $http_proxy and similar environment variables: Environment Proxy.

Recent versions of Firefox supposedly use the usual environment variables by default, or if the proxy type preference is explicitly set to 5 (“Use system proxy settings”), but it doesn't work for me with the version in Ubuntu 10.04.

user_pref("network.proxy.type", 5);


What I found is that the cgmanager package no longer exists in 18.04 (the search https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?searchon=contents&keywords=cgmanager&mode=exactfilename&suite=bionic&arch=any returns an empty result)
But the package does not get removed during the upgrade, which is strange.


Google has discontinued the 32-bit version of Chrome for Linux. Using Chrome on those system is a security risk. I suggest installing Chromium web browser (chromium-browser) from the default Ubuntu repositories as an alternative. Chromium web browser is an open-source version of Chrome.

Another alternative to Chrome is to tell your users of systems in the field to start using Firefox instead.


According to the official documentation:
Download the installer as miniconda.sh.
Run miniconda.sh -b -p ~/path/to/install/to

The installer will not prompt you for anything, including setup of your shell to activate conda.

-b is for batch mode, which the docs say assumes you agree to the license(s), and also won't modify .bashrc or .bash_profile.
-p {path} is to define the installation path.
-f can be used to force the installation if the installation path already exists.
The linked documentation has more, including how to activate this type of conda installation for the current shell.


Ubuntu Laptop VirtualBox 1920x1080 screen resolution resets after restart

You have to create or edit your /etc/X11/xorg.conf file. Similar question:

How can I make xrandr customization permanent?


./ is not a command. The command is ./truecrypt-7.2-setup-x86.
Your shell and programs like sudo will treat a command as a pathname when it contains at least one / character. Since . represents whatever directory you are currently in, ./truecrypt-7.2-setup-x86 names the file truecrypt-7.2-setup-x86 in the current directory. If there is no such file,  or there is but the file cannot be run, then you will get an error message.
When a command does not contain a slash, the directories listed in $PATH are searched for it, as Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy says. The current directory is not automatically searched--and it is not recommended to put . in $PATH. That way, you don't accidentally run things you didn't expect to run because you happened to have cdd to a directory that contains them.
Writing ./ before the name of an executable in the current directory the common way to run it, but this is not actually a special syntax. For example, if you messed up your $PATH and you needed to run a command like ls, you could write /bin/ls. No . is necessary in that case or in general; what's needed  is a / somewhere in the pathname to signify that you mean it is a pathname.
Since . is always the current directory and / is just the directory separator, the first thing to do is check that the file you've named really exists in the current directory. (If it does, then check its permissions, as Charles Green explains. But if you extracted the file from an archive, then it usually will already have executable permissions if it is intended to be run.)


Grub package failed to install in ubuntu installation

This error message has been cropping up a lot lately, and it seems to have a number of different causes. Some questions that mention it include:

16.04 new installation gives grub-efi-amd64-signed failed installation /target/ ubuntu 16.04 at the end
Ubuntu 12.04 --- grub-efi-amd64-signed failed to install into /target/
Ubuntu 16.10 Dual Boot error - 'grub-efi-amd64-signed' package failed to install
Ubuntu 14.04 install: grub-efi-amd64-signed failed to install into /target/

One common cause seems to be related to a failure to create an EFI System Partition (ESP) (this will normally be an issue only if you use the "something else" installation option). I've seen this occasionally on systems that use NVMe "disks" rather than conventional hard disks, too.

For a workaround, look into Boot Repair or rEFInd, as described in my answer to this question.


`CURL_OPENSSL_4' not found (required by curl)

Run this command : locate libcurl.so.4
Result will be :

/YOUR_PATH/libcurl.so.4 (generally the path is "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcurl.so.4")
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcurl.so.4.5.0

Remove the file which is causing the error using
sudo rm /YOUR_PATH/libcurl.so.4 command.
Recreate softlink by using following command :
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcurl.so.4.5.0 /YOUR_PATH/libcurl.so.4


how to create custom indicators for small task like window spread?

Use Ubuntu's indicator feature.

This is a python example that will perform the function you described.  When you run the script, you'll have the clickable indication in the navigation bar.

Save this as myindicator.py.  Make it executable and run it.

#!/usr/bin/python

# This code is an example for a tutorial on Ubuntu Unity/Gnome AppIndicators:
# http://candidtim.github.io/appindicator/2014/09/13/ubuntu-appindicator-step-by-step.html
# https://gist.github.com/candidtim/7290a1ad6e465d680b68

import os
import signal
import json
import subprocess

from urllib2 import Request, urlopen # URLError

from gi.repository import Gtk as gtk
from gi.repository import AppIndicator3 as appindicator
from gi.repository import Notify as notify

APPINDICATOR_ID = 'myappindicator'

def main():
    indicator = appindicator.Indicator.new(APPINDICATOR_ID, os.path.abspath('sample_icon.svg'), appindicator.IndicatorCategory.SYSTEM_SERVICES)
    indicator.set_status(appindicator.IndicatorStatus.ACTIVE)
    indicator.set_menu(build_menu())
    notify.init(APPINDICATOR_ID)
    gtk.main()

def build_menu():
    menu = gtk.Menu()

    item_windowsspread = gtk.MenuItem('Windows Spread')
    item_windowsspread.connect('activate', windowsspread)
    menu.append(item_windowsspread)

    item_quit1 = gtk.MenuItem('Quit')
    item_quit1.connect('activate', quit1)
    menu.append(item_quit1)

    menu.show_all()
    return menu

def fetch_joke():
    request = Request('http://api.icndb.com/jokes/random?limitTo=[nerdy]')
    response = urlopen(request)
    joke = json.loads(response.read())['value']['joke']
    return joke

def windowsspread(_):
    subprocess.call("xdotool key super+w", shell=True)
    return windowsspread

def quit1(_):
    notify.uninit()
    gtk.main_quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_DFL)
    main()

Details for making indicator in Ubuntu can be found at:
Ubuntu ApplicationIndicators wiki


Ubuntu Software Center is not allowing me to download software when I try to install something

Don't blame Ubuntu!  I too have an acer chromebook.  It is stored elsewhere or I'd rattle off my model number to you.

Like you I did the sideways Ubuntu installation through terminal so that I can have Ubuntu and Chrome essentially running concurrently, accessible via some key combination, something like ctrl-alt 1 or 2 or something.  It works remarkably well but I've proven it to have certain limitations.

For one thing I discovered that even though I was sort of able to install WINE, it would not actually run.  I suspect that if Chrubuntu were installed in place of chrome, it would work but sharing the chrome kernel, it would not.  Trust me, I tried very very hard.

Realizing as I do that the type of Ubuntu we have installed is sharing a non Ubuntu kernel essentially owned by a manufacturer which appears to be in competition with microsoft, and to a lesser degree, other linux derived operating systems, it is not remotely surprising that Google chose to curtail our freedoms a bit.


We're going to fsck (file system check) your hard disk, run SMART utilities, and bad block scan your hard disk for errors.

Step #1

To check the file system on your Ubuntu partition...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

To check the file system on your NTFS HDD...

boot into Windows
open a admin command prompt window
type chkdsk /f d: changing the "d" to the appropriate drive letter

Step #2

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start the Disks application
select the proper disk in the left pane
go to the "hamburger" icon and select SMART Data & Tests
review the failure data
run the SMART tests
quit Disks

Step #3

still in the Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
open terminal
type sudo e2fsck -c -k /dev/sda # scan for bad blocks

note: changing "sda" to "sdb" or some other correct drive designator

badblock scan will take a while
observe any output indicating that it found {single|multiple} bad blocks
if there are none, or only a few bad blocks, reboot and try Ubuntu again
if there are many bad blocks, backup your data, replace your hard disk


How to launch Ubuntu Center from my application?

Yes, it is, but don't use Ubuntu center to do that. In pseudo code I would do something like:

 if result_of("dpkg --get-selections libswt-webkit-gtk-3-jni") != "install"
    then
       ask user "Should the necessary libraries be installed?"
                "This requires administrator privileges"
       if yes
          gksudo apt-get install libswt-webkit-gtk-3-jni -y
       if no
          tell user "Necessary libraries are missing"
          exit
       end if
 end if


Can Ubuntu 18.04 read exFAT format by default?

First of all, you jump to the conclusion that it's exFAT. This is probably wrong. Windows supports exFAT, but for system partitions it uses NTFS. exFAT is designed for portable mediums, and does not support crucial features such as file ACLs. Installing a modern windows on exFAT is not possible, due to the lack of features.

NTFS is supported in Ubuntu, by default, as far as I am aware.

For the second part: the partition is /dev/sda2. This is the raw device, which needs to be mounted for you to access it. If it's accessible in Nautilus it's probably mounted. Type mount | grep sda2 to show where it's mounted. This will also show the file system. A typical line will be

/dev/sda2 on /mnt type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)

where the file system type and mount point may vary.

To manually mount a filesystem, have a look at this Q&A.


can't partition hard drive correctly during installation

You are allowed to make a maximum of 4 primary partitions in a Disk thats why it cant create a 5th one. The solution to this you can use a partition tool like gparted which comes in ubuntu live cd or even bootable flash drive and create an EXTENDED PARTITION by choosing Create As : Extended Partition instead of Primary Partition


How can I provide a security for users access the files in Samba?

I recommend using Winbind . It's really easy.

You can add a user with basic authentication,username and password.

You can install it using

sudo apt-get install samba samba-common system-config-samba winbind

For its configuration and use read this article


How to correctly dock/undock a laptop under Ubuntu?

It is safe for your laptop to pull the cable.

Laptops usually have an UPS (uninterruptible power supply) integrated. The UPS switches to the Battery immediately when pulling a power cable.

That said, you must take care of USB Storage devices connected to the dock like external HDDs and USB Sticks. To prevent data loss unmount them before pulling the cable.


As suggested by CheddieMerai, using ls -l gadumaster may tell you that you set incorrect file permissions. This is not an issue with the USB connection anymore.

You can resolve this by rebuilding your application or by changing the file permissions via chmod 775 gadumaster (or similar) and/or chown $USER gadumaster (you can replace $USER with the user supposed to "own" the file).


If you don't want light-locker, you can safely remove it using:
sudo apt remove light-locker

and Xfce will use only its own locker.


How to customize "My Top Rated" playlist in Rhythmbox on Ubuntu 14.04

The option is now hidden away in the playlist button available when you click on the My Top Rated playlist.

Pictures paint a thousand words -

this will open the following window where you can click on the stars field -

As you can see I've changed from the standard 4 stars to 2 stars.  Click Close to save your settings.


It is very easy and everything is explained on the XAMPP official web site.

sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start

You can use different parameters for XAMPP on Linux: just substitute start with stop, restart, startapache (starts only the Apache web server), stopapache, startmysql (starts only the MySQL database), stopmysql, etc.

You can read more here: http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-linux.html#378


Where is Ubuntu Software in Ubuntu 18.04?

Have you tried starting it from the terminal to check whether or not it is installed?

ubuntu-software

If it's not installed you should look at this

How do I install applications in Ubuntu?


You can install vnstat. I have used it and I see other people have already suggested that to you.
Installing it on your pc is pretty straight forward just use the usual sudo apt-get install vnstat command on the terminal to install it.
Then you can follow this article: https://oastic.com/how-to-monitor-network-traffic-on-ubuntu-using-vnstat/
It is pretty easy. If you get stuck up, let me know.


What is Suitable pageUp Key in Ubuntu 16.04 of Macbook Air?

For MacBook Pro (8.1) with Ubuntu 16.04, fn + control + up arrow is the equivalent of pageUp. Perhaps it is the same for Macbook Air?


Boot repair doesn't help me. What I should do?

First, the log file indicates that Boot Repair has completed, but your question alludes to manually editing /boot/grub/grub.cfg, and it's not clear if you did this before or after running Boot Repair. If after, please run Boot Repair again but do not edit /boot/grub/grub.cfg manually.

If the system is dropping to a grub> prompt as you describe after you run Boot Repair, then that tool is obviously not up for the job. Your Boot Repair seems reasonable, although it's not showing a grub.cfg file on your hard disk, which it normally does. Thus, you may want to try a different approach:

Disable Secure Boot in your firmware, if it's currently enabled.
Download the CD-R or USB flash drive version of my rEFInd boot manager.
Prepare a boot medium from the files you download.
Boot the rEFInd boot medium. It should show you at least one option to boot Ubuntu.
Try the Ubuntu option(s) in rEFInd. If one fails and there's more than one, try the other(s).
If you can get into Ubuntu from rEFInd, you have two options:

You can install the Debian package or PPA of rEFInd, which will then take over you boot manager duties and get you booting without GRUB.
You can attempt to re-install and repair GRUB from your working Ubuntu installation. Given that Boot Repair has already failed at this task, I'm not sure what to suggest, except perhaps sudo grub-install followed by sudo update-grub.

If desired, you can re-enable Secure Boot at this point.

The point of this procedure is simply that rEFInd is not GRUB, and therefore whatever is going wrong with GRUB will not affect rEFInd -- at least, not if the problem is GRUB-specific. It's conceivable that there's something more wrong with your installation. For instance, if you no longer have Linux kernels in /boot, you'll have to re-install your kernel packages using an emergency system.


Can I access an a copy of bash profile current terminal is running right now?

No, you cannot, however, you can recover the settings, and use them to recreate your ~/.bashrc. Use:

(echo "=== set ===";set;echo "===env ==="; env | sort;echo "=== alias ===";alias) >some.file

Then starting with a copy of /etc/skel/.bashrc, and some.file, you can recreate,

BTW, You probably meant "mistakenly deleted", not "accidentally deleted".


Microsoft Teams: Could not read the contents of FOLDER?

According to the search on Repology and then in AUR - MS has deb-package of the Teams application.
So you have to remove Snap based version and then install deb-version with:
cd ~/Downloads
wget https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/ms-teams/pool/main/t/teams/teams_1.4.00.7556_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install ./teams_1.4.00.7556_amd64.deb


Created Ubuntu Access Point, can't connect to it.

Did you do the dhcp stuff? Your 11.04 latop might be asking for an ip address but not getting on from your eeepc. Maybe set a static ip on the 11.04 laptop and see if that helps? Something like

address 192.168.0.2
network 192.168.0.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.1


how to switchback to user with uid 1000 in shellscript

You can use getent to resolve the user name for 1000.

user=$(getent passwd 1000 | awk -F: '{ print $1 }')

Then check if directory exists.

if test -d "/home/$user"; then
     ln -s /etc/drupal/7  "/home/$user/drupal"
fi

note:

you can go one farther, and use

dir=$(getent passwd 1000 | awk -F: '{ print $6 }')

to get the correct home dir for the user.


Try to purge it with:

sudo apt-get purge apache2

or

sudo apt-get remove --purge apache2 apache2-utils


Ubuntu-server 16.04 Problem with "udev" and mounting ntfs file system

First, correct the rule part order MATCH'es then ACTION's

KERNEL=="sd?1", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{serial}=="222228251A0D", SYMLINK+="mediacenter", ACTION=="add", RUN+="/home/user/mount_filesystem.sh"

to

KERNEL=="sd?1", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{serial}=="222228251A0D", ACTION=="add", SYMLINK+="mediacenter", RUN+="/home/user/mount_filesystem.sh"


How can I choose the audio output device using the terminal?

Sure, you could use the "pactl" and "pacmd" command.

An example for a pair of external USB speaker + internal speakers, with music playing.

$ pactl list sinks short | awk -F '\t' '{print $1,$2,$5}' # Print available outputs
0 alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo RUNNING
1 alsa_output.usb-Logitech_Logitech_Z-5_Speakers-00-Speakers.analog-stereo SUSPENDED

The first one with index 0 is the internal speak, music is running on this sink. Another one with index 1 is the external USB speaker.

$ pactl stat | grep Sink  # Show the current output device (it's the internal speaker)
Default Sink: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
$ pacmd set-default-sink 1 # Make the external USB speaker as desired output device.

If you're not palying anything during the switch, you could stop here.

(Note, to make sure it really works, it would be better to do this with something playing, and move the stream as follows.)

If you're playing something you will notice that the music still running on the old device, you have to move it to the desired device:

$ pactl list sink-inputs | grep 'Input' # Get the stream ID
Sink Input #23
$ pacmd move-sink-input 23 1 # Move it to the USB speaker

Voilà! You could compose a script base on these.

Reference: How to change pulseaudio sink with “pacmd set-default-sink” during playback?


How to disable snap filesystem sandboxing

There is a devmode (developer mode)flag when you are installing snap packages. You can activate it when installing a snap package from the Snap Store, and it runs unconfined.

Suppose you want to install inkscape as --devmode. First, uninstall it, then install with the --devmode flag.

sudo snap remove inkscape
sudo snap install inkscape --devmode

To verify, run the following. Note the devmode at the end of the line.

$ snap info inkscape
...
installed:          1.0rc1             (7485) 150MB devmode
$

While the application will be able to read from anywhere on the filesystem, the /tmp/ is still private to the application (it is /tmp/snap.inkscape/).


Saving charts in Calc to Excel file format

Unfortunately, you will never be sure. Even between different Excel versions, charts can be displayed differently!

you can minimize any "misconfiguration", using the least possible features on your chart, that is, do not put special bullets or fancy lines.
If you want to send the charts to someone outside your company/institution, ask them to install LibreOffice. Tell them it's free!
If the destination does not need to edit your work, send them a PDF version of the spreadsheet.


indicator-messages absent in 13.04 fresh install

Indicator-Messages appears only when there is a application to use with it, i.e. When application registers itself to messaging-menu & (sync-menu).

Thunderbird by-default uses indicator messages.

So after fresh install just launch thunderbird & configure a mail account.
Indicator messages WILL appear in unity-panel.

OR

you can manually add application(desktop file) to messaging-menu from dconf-editor:

Launch dconf-editor from dash
go to com.canonical.indicator.messages
If its empty, add applications manually (thunderbird.desktop, evolution.desktop, friends-app.desktop etc.) as shown in the picture below:

DONE!


This is a bug, but you can also download libusb-1.0-0-dev for Ubuntu 14.04 manually from its official Ubuntu download webpage. At this webpage there is a table from which you can select your OS's Architecture, either amd64 or i386, and then click one of them to take you to the download page for the libusb-1.0-0-dev .deb file. After downloading the .deb file, double-click it to open it for installation in the Ubuntu Software Center.

The reason why you can't get this package may be related to the reason why a package has also been reported as missing from the default GNOME Software application in Ubuntu 16.04. When I researched this missing package, I found out that it could still be downloaded manually from some servers, but it could not be downloaded manually from all of the available servers. Instead of downloading the .deb file, clicking on the download link opened a webpage full of garbled, meaningless text.


alt+tab moves windows between workspaces and crashes unity

Did it run smoothly before?, if yes try to reset settings using Ubuntu tweak's desktop recovery tool, If no try to use another switcher, if problem exists, you may have some issues with CCSM try reinstalling CCSM (complete remove including config files)


Installer doesn't recognize kingston SSDnow sv 200 90g

I've had a problem with the factory written partition table on USB sticks.  The problem shows up as the device not being available to Ubiquity or Startup Disk Creator to make a bootable disk and the partition table can not be deleted in Gparted.

Perhaps this is the same problem but with an SSD.  The solution might be the same: to erase the partition table directly and to write a new one with Gparted.  Open a terminal window and type:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=512 count=1

Change X to the correct device (a,b,c etc) but be quite certain you have the correct device as there will be nothing left on the drive to look at after you press enter.

You will then need to create the partition table on the device with Gparted, then make the partitions that you want.  Chris


How to reduce context menu size in Gnome?

I don't know whether/how this can be fixed for the default theme, however, if you're using a custom Shell theme, you can do the following:

Open the gnome-shell.css stylesheet of your theme (could be any Gtk theme that contains a GNOME shell theme):

sudo -H gedit /usr/share/themes/<your-theme>/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css

Search for the .popup-menu-ornament element and change the height to reduce spacing.

The popup-menu-ornament's are the yellow boxes in this screenshot:

This way I was able to reduce the spacing for the Flat Plat compact theme I'm using.

NOTE: There might be better ways to do this and this might even not work for all themes. Feedback is appreciated.


Your problem is that there is no package available for 14.10 - the PPA only has packages for versions up through 13.04. See the PPA info here for supported versions. It appears that the PPA hasn't been updated for going on two years. You can try contacting the maintainer to see if there are any plans to update the packages, but it appears that this is an abandoned project given the lack of updates.


firewall is not the service name to handle for the 'firewall' - we also don't use firewalld by default in 20.04 either.
The default firewall service in Ubuntu 20.04 is ufw - Uncomplicated Firewall.
You control ufw by commands on the command line.
To enable ufw just run sudo ufw enable and it should default to a permit-outbound deny-unrelated-inbound type policy.
To configure ufw please read the manpage of ufw - man ufw - for details on the commands, etc. to manipulate the firewall rules.


Browsing more applications (installed) in Unity

It worth checking that you have the following packages installed:

unity-place-applications
unity-place-files
zeitgeist


Help understanding the migrate wubi documentation?

You have /dev/sda6 labeled as / (root) and /dev/sda7 labeled as /home and /dev/sda5 as swap... so the command you'd use is:

sudo bash wubi-move.sh /dev/sda6 /dev/sda5 --home=/dev/sda7

Note, it appears that /dev/sda6 and /dev/sda7 aren't completely empty. This is required by the script before it will let you migrate (the script will warn you and exit if this is the case).

If you don't want to migrate with a separate /home partition, then the command will be (the first positional parameter is the target partition and the second is the swap partition):

sudo bash wubi-move.sh /dev/sda6 /dev/sda5

Don't worry too much about it - because the script checks the partitions and won't let you migrate if you get the order wrong. You can also run it with the --check-only argument and it will just perform the checks without making any changes. (Even without that it will prompt you to confirm before making changes.)

PS. that 691 GiB that's unallocated can't be used unless you first increase the extended partition (/dev/sda4) to include it. Once you've done that you can create logical partitions.