dd manpage is so vague, how to create disk image

I want to use the image to later on convert it with qemu to VHD or VMDK and boot the Ubuntu system on a virtual machine so I'm not sure about the .gz compression there.

If you want it for a virtual machine, you do not want it compressed. And you probably don't really want a raw image either, but rather p2v (physical to virtual) conversion. For VirtualBox, you may for instance do

cat /dev/sda | VBoxManage convertfromraw stdin OutPutFile.vdi NUMBEROFBYTES

Which will create a valid vboximage of the drive for you.

  What is the format of the .img file that the command is creating? Is it .iso?

Iso refers to ISO9660 file system. If you image your entire hard drive, it will be a hard drive image, including boot sector and partition table. If you image a single partition, the format will essentially be whatever format that partition had.

  Why does the command have conv? I don't want any conversion, I want raw clone to image.

conv specifies arguments, which may do some conversion. In this case it tells dd to use synchronous I/O, and not abort on errors. Enter man dd and /syncEnter to search for sync in the manual page

  I also noticed the dd command doesn't even have an of= part.

dd outputs to stdout unless redirected. In this case stdout is piped to gzip, which will compress the file and write to /path/to/backup.img.gz.

  Does bs=128k improve speed than bs=64k?

Probably. The definitive answer would be to test it, for instance with time dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/zero bs=64k count=10000, and repeat with different sizes.


Cannot find my data in lost+found folder in home folder

You probably stored files in lost+found using super user privileges and would required them to retrieve files from this folder. The purpose of this folder can be found here.
To retrive files, do the following in a terminal:
sudo chmod 775 /home/lost+found
mkdir /home/$USER/recovered_files
cp /home/lost+found/* /home/$USER/recovered_files
rm /home/lost+found
mklost+found

Your files should be present in recovered_files in your home directory.
The last command recreates the lost+found folder(This is the recommended way of creating a lost+found folder(if not present).


How to install and configure sendmail for php

hope this will help help http://www.sendmail.org/~ca/email/doc8.12/op.html

I haven't tried sendmail, i use postfix.


If you're working in a window manager, your tmux runs in a terminal and this terminal is a window and also Firefox. And it's possible to restrict the position/size of your Firefox window to the position/size of your tmux-terminal window.

If you've started tmux in e.g. tty1, you can't have a Firefox window.


Difference between gnome-shell & ubuntu-gnome-desktop

ubuntu-gnome-desktop will install a full GNOME desktop environment (including gnome-shell), along with a few standard applications and optimizations for Ubuntu.

gnome-shell will only install the GNOME shell, and its dependencies. In contrast to ubuntu-gnome-desktop, it won't install the package gnome-session (among others) automatically, which you need to actually use the GNOME desktop.

So, to get the desktop environment, you should install ubuntu-gnome-desktop.

Following will cleraly show that ubuntu-gnome-desktop depends on gnome-shell so it includes the package gnome-shell:

$ apt-cache depends ubuntu-gnome-desktop | grep gnome-shell
  Depends: gnome-shell
  Depends: gnome-shell-extensions


installing the OS twice on same hard disk drive

Why not share grub (in the MBR) and swap? This can be accomplished fairly easily by installing, leaving some space... and then installing again into that free space.

There's no reason to keep two copies of grub clattering around.


My recommendation: Don't use XAMPP for this! It's supposed to be a simple way to get the usual Apache, MySQL, PHP, +Python/Perl stack to work. Leave the walled garden and your pretty much on your own…

Also: Even if you do get it to work there is no guarantee that it won't break the next time your system or XAMPP itself. This use-case is not supported by anybody and some of the components involved (especially PHP) aren't designed to handle modules not compiled for their specific version.

How to set up a developer environment natively on Debian/Ubuntu

Open a Terminal window (Menu → Other → LXTerminal)
Stop all XAMPP services currently running
Install the required packages:
You may either use a GUI ("Software Center") for this or run this
command on your Terminal:
sudo apt-get install apache2 libapache2-mod-php5 postgresql php5-pgsql

apache2 (The Apache web server)
libapache2-mod-php5 (PHP support for Apache)
php5-pgsql (PostgreSQL client support for PHP)
postgresql (The PostgreSQL server)

Open the file /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini in a text editor
as root:
In the Terminal window type the command
gksudo leafpad /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini and press enter
Locate the line display_errors = Off and change it to
display_errors = On

Save the file and close the editor
Restart the Apache web server:
Run the command sudo service apache2 restart in your Terminal
window to restart the web server and reload its PHP module


How can byobu be automatically started when opening a new terminal?

The Z-Shell uses .zprofile and .zshrc instead of .profile and .bashrc.

Since byobu-enable adds the required commands to load byobu in the .profile (as mentioned in the question you mention), you should at least move it to the .zprofile but if you want it to load everytime you load a new shell, .zshrc is the one to go for.

That is because .zprofile gets sourced once when opening a session, while .zshrc is the one that's read upon starting a new terminal so it will apply to every terminal start.


kubuntu 15.04 plasma 5.3 how to stop session timeout from logging out

I encountered the same problem.

I found: 'System Settings' -> (Workspace)-'Desktop Behavior' -> 'Screen Locking'.


It sounds like you have a NiMH battery. All batteries self-discharge when they are not used. Li-Ion batteries do this only a little (few percent per month), but according to Wikipedia NiMH batteries article:

  The self-discharge is 5–20% on the first day and stabilizes around 0.5–4% per day at room temperature

NiMH batteries do have the advantage of having a bigger capacity than Li-Ion though.

If you are in doubt whether your system was actually shutdown and didn't go into sleep mode, check your system logs, for example with:

grep -i 'shutdown\|sleeping\|hibernat\|resumed' /var/log/syslog*


X Error of failed request: BadRequest (invalid request code or no such operation)

I kept trying and used the combination of
this answer
this answer
this link

And it worked like a charm:

milind@Ubuntu11:~$ glxinfo | grep -i yes
direct rendering: Yes

At least as of now, I am able to run some basic OpenGL programs (source code link mentioned here).


How do I get Perfmon support for my kernel?

have turned my comment into an answer

According to this bug-report on launchpad, Debian marked this as an obsolete/deprecated capability and as such was removed from Lucid.

This community wiki contains suggestions for alternatives for monitoring your server.

In summary:

Nagios2 - system and network monitoring.
Zenoss - network monitor on Ubuntu Server
Internet Traffic Monitoring - Monitor bandwidth usage on an Internet link.
Logwatch - monitor your system logs and have them emailed to you


What is bs option and why it's used ?

It has been explained in dd is producing a 32 MB random file instead of 1 GB ( which I recommend reading, btw ) that bs option refers to how much single read() syscall would read and store in memory ( if size of memory and the device you're reading from allow for such size ).  This is also referenced in the manual:

  bs=BYTES  read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512);

Thus, it has nothing to do with number of blocks/sectors on the disk, but with dd's performance - storing more things in memory for faster processing. To quote one ServerFault answer:

  I know when I'm copying hard disks I get a faster rate by specifying bs=1M than by using bs=4k or the default. I'm talking speed improvements of 30 to 300 percent. There's no need to tune it for absolute best unless it's all you do every day. but picking something better than the default can cut hours off the execution time.

The choice of bs value has also been discussed on another stackoverflow post:

  The optimal block size depends on various factors, including the operating system (and its version), and the various hardware buses and disks involved. Several Unix-like systems (including Linux and at least some flavors of BSD) define the st_blksize member in the struct stat that gives what the kernel thinks is the optimal block size

As for why 1M it's potentially because people found this to be an optimal value. Remember that RAM size used to be 512M. So using 1M would be small enough to keep RAM usage low, but have decent dd speed.

Concerning your question:

  What happens if the disk sector size is 512 bytes and 1MB is assigned to bs?

Nothing. dd will read data in chunks of 1MB. It doesn't change the data in any way. It may improve dd speed as compared to smaller block size, but has no effect on the data itself.

Different story would happen if you read in chunks smaller than the sector size of the drive: drives have to serve full sector size and the kernel caches that information. See Matthew Ife's answer on the same Serverfault post. But again, no effect on data itself.

  In the case of discs of advanced format and with a capacity of 1TB, what do you recommend to use?

Advanced format such as what ? As far as dd itself goes, it should not care about any disk format - all it knows is to read and write from and to block devices; it doesn't matter if you write to USB stick or SCSI drive - the syntax is the same, it's the kernel that handles the minute details and has drivers for those devices to properly pass the data.

And again, capacity also doesn't matter. 1TB SATA drive is still an SATA drive.


I suggest you try setting the MAC address of the access point you wish to connect to in Network Manager under BSSID. Check off 'Connect Automatically.' Please see: http://img.xrmb2.net/images/647404.png  You can find the MAC address here:

iwconfig

For example:

wlan0 IEEE 802.11abgn ESSID:"GBR1"
Mode:Managed Frequency:2.452 GHz Access Point: 88:D7:99:41:54:EE
Bit Rate=18 Mb/s Tx-Power=15 dBm
Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off

Therefor, if I wanted to try to get Network Manager to prefer the access point GBR1, I'd set the BSSID to 88:D7:99:41:54:EE.


Installed Windows 7 alongside Ubuntu; No Longer Boots

I think your problem is this:

menuentry "Windows bootmgfw.efi.bkp, generated by Boot-Repair" {
search --fs-uuid --no-floppy --set=root 0648-FFF7
chainloader (${root})/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi.bkp
}

menuentry "Windows memtest.efi, generated by Boot-Repair" {
search --fs-uuid --no-floppy --set=root 0648-FFF7
chainloader (${root})/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/memtest.efi
}

menuentry "Boot bootx64.efi.bkp, generated by Boot-Repair" {
search --fs-uuid --no-floppy --set=root 0648-FFF7
chainloader (${root})/EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi.bkp
}

Note in particular the filenames on the chainloader lines -- bootmgfw.efi.bkp and bootx64.efi.bkp are not valid EFI boot loader files, and they don't seem to exist on your disk. The files bootmgfw.efi and bootx64.efi, however, do exist and are valid EFI boot loader filenames. (I can't guarantee the files you've got are valid, of course, but the filenames are.) I recommend you change these filenames in the /etc/grub.d/40_custom file and then type sudo update-grub to pass those changes on to the GRUB configuration file. You could also manually check the contents of /dev/sda1 to be sure that those files exist with the proper filenames; there's a possibility that something has improperly renamed the files and then updated your GRUB configuration to match that. I have no idea how GRUB would respond to such abuse.


Ubuntu Core 18 - nano editor permission denied for /etc/netplan/config.yaml

For ubuntu core you have to copy the netplan file to /home/user before editing, then copy it back to etc/netplan and apply. Connect nano to home interface.


Wifi works only if I wait in login screen for networks to be available

It appears that this behavior started with 16.04.  I never had to do this for years.  But at present you have to edit the connection from the network icon in the notification bar and enable Automatic connection and All users.

The steps are:

Click on Network Icon -> (Click) Edit Connections -> (Select) the Wi-Fi Connection name -> (Click) Edit -> (Click the tab) General -> Place checkmarks in:

    [ ] Automatically connect to this network when it's available
    [ ] All users my connect to this network.

(Click) Save.


Transferring data between Ubuntu laptop and android device through Wi-Fie

You can create a wifi hotspot on your android terminal. Connect your ubuntu system to it.

You can use Pushbullet to send files between them.

More information:

Pushbullet
Pushbullet-indicator


Wine "alt tabs" the game everytime there is a video playing

So, as a workaround I was able to "fix" this by running:
winecfg

and then selecting to run apps "with a Virtual Desktop".
This obviously should not be the right path but I do not have an explanation nor a proper fix.


It depends whether it happens with all tar.gz files or just this one. This particular file could be corrupt, and so won't open properly. If using tar to extract, you need to use the z option, as that's necessary when an archive is gzipped: tar xzvf <file.tar.gz>. Alternatively , it is also worth trying to extract it with gunzip <file.tar.gz>

To find out whether the file is corrupt, run gzip -t <file.tar.gz>; this command will check the file for errors, and if any are found they should appear in the terminal. This should tell you whether the file is corrupt.

If the file is sound and the error reoccurs, it means it is probably the known issue with tar that occurs when a file does not have a pair of zero blocks at the end of it, as GNU tar expects. The solution to this is to add the -i option to ignore the zero blocks. So use tar ixzvf <file.tar.gz> The issue is documented here in detail.


Install wireless driver for an HP ProBook 4525s

Ask a friend or in a linux/ubuntu forum for help in converting the driver - if the license doesn't prohibit it, of course.


custom rule to force FDTI Quad UART FT232r output on specific name

This is single USB device that has multiple interfaces:

You can use ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber} in rule much and create 4 rules (one for each interface)

So you have full control to name/number it as you want
Otherwise, use interface number %E{ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM} instead of kernel number.

SUBSYSTEM=="tty", ATTRS{idVendor}==0403"", ATTRS{idProduct}=="6011", SYMLINK:="ttyUART%E{ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM}", GROUP:="users", MODE:="0666"

But you don't have full control on numbering (but they are fixed).

It should not be a problem in your case, you have only serial ports. Example, in my case I have 3G key 12d1:1c1e Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. with 2 serial interfaces (00, 02), it has another interface (01 usb-storage, An emulated CD drive contains Windows driver). So I got these:

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root          7 Jun  4 19:36 /dev/ttyUART00 -> ttyUSB0
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root          7 Jun  4 19:36 /dev/ttyUART02 -> ttyUSB1
crw-rw-rw-  1 root users   188,  0 Jun  4 19:36 /dev/ttyUSB0
crw-rw-rw-  1 root users   188,  1 Jun  4 19:36 /dev/ttyUSB1


Alternate between of operational systems i have on dual-boot

I assume that if you cannot boot to Windows, you can boot to Ubuntu.  Start a terminal window (Windows+T on my Xubuntu, not sure on Ubuntu) and enter the following commands:

sudo apt install gdisk
df -h
gdisk -l /dev/sda

The first command installs gdisk (or does nothing if it is already installed).  The second one shows free disk space, and is a simple way to identify the boot disk, usually the one which holds a partition is mounted on /.  In the above example, the / partition was /dev/sdaN (with N being the partition number).  Once we know the disk, the last command shows how it is partitioned.  Check that it says Found valid GPT with hybrid MBT.  If it does not, stop here and report.

If the disk is indeed GPT partitioned (the default nowadays for both Windows 10 and Ubuntu 18.04), the next steps are

sudo apt install grub-efi-amd64
sudo os-prober
sudo nano /etc/default/grub
sudo update-grub

Again, the first command is just to make sure that the boot loader is installed.  The second command should find Windows and tell you about it.  If its output is empty, something is wrong with the Windows partition and you probably need to reinstall Windows.  If os-prober tells you that it found Windows, the next command edits the bootloader options.  Add or edit the following lines in /etc/default/grub

GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10

The first line tells Grub2 to boot into the saved O/S choice, and the second line tells it to save the choice before booting.  The third line tells it to show the choice of O/S and the last line gives the user 10 seconds to make the choice before booting in the previously saved choice.

After editing, execute the last command, that will update the bootloader, and reboot.

First, reboot into UEFI BIOS and change the boot mode from legacy to UEFI(only).  Then see if it works.  If it does not, report back with the output of the previous commands.

Good luck!


sshfs is not mounting automatically at boot, despite /etc/fstab configuration

I experienced the exact same problem after upgrading from Oneiric (where the automount worked fine) to Precise.

What solved the problem for me was adding the delay_connect option. In addition, I've been using the option "workaround=rename" already before, since Oneiric times. Not sure whether it is still needed today, but at least it doesn't seem to hurt.

My full /etc/fstab line is:

sshfs#user@host:/remote/dir /local/dir fuse delay_connect,idmap=user,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=0,allow_other,_netdev,workaround=rename 0 0

You obviously would need to adapt user/group IDs to your own environment.


Ubuntu installer freezes at language selection with Aero 15x v8

I found the answer to my question.
I had to put in the boot settings nouveau.modeset=0 after splash quiet to disable the nouveau nvidia graphics driver.


How to share files/folders between two different Ubuntu computers and are on different network?

If computers are connected to different networks, this can be achieved using Hamachi. It enables computers to see each other as if they were in the same network. It can be used with very nice front-end called Haguichi.

If your computers are connected to the same local network start from here.

Now you need to share files somehow. Fortunately, Ubuntu makes it really easy. Just right-click any directory and pick Local Network Share.
Window like this one should pop up:

Then configure your share and click Create Share.

On the other PC

Open Nautilus, click Connect to Server on the left menu. Another dialog should pop up:

Type in smb://[ip address of the other computer here] and click Connect.

If you use Hamachi, you will need to provide host's IP as seen by Hamachi. Either use hamachi list command or right-click other computer in Haguichi and select Copy IPv4 Address.

And that's it!


Disable the new keyboard applet in Ubuntu 13.10

Open System Settings
Click on the "Text Entry" icon
Uncheck the box next to Show current input source in menu bar

And that’s it. The switcher is now hidden.

Reference: Turn new keyboard applet off.


unity - how to detect if the screen is locked?

Aquarius Power's answer seems to work quite well. Here are some additions I might make to his solution.
Only querying lock state
If you simply need a one-liner to query the lock state, this should evaluate to true if locked and false if unlocked.
isLocked=$(gdbus call -e -d com.canonical.Unity -o /com/canonical/Unity/Session -m com.canonical.Unity.Session.IsLocked | grep -ioP "(true)|(false)")

Querying lock state and track time since last change in state
Now if you need to keep track of how long the screen has been locked you might want to take a different approach.
#!/bin/bash
# To implement this, you can put this at the top of a bash script or you can run
# it the subshell in a separate process and pull the functions into other scripts.

# We need a file to keep track of variable inside subshell the file will contain
# two elements, the state and timestamp of time changed, separated by a tab.
# A timestamp of 0 indicates that the state has not changed since we started
# polling for changes and therefore, the time lapsed in the current state is
# unknown.
vars="/tmp/lock-state"

# start watching the screen lock state
(
    # set the initial value for lock state
    [ "$(gdbus call -e -d com.canonical.Unity -o /com/canonical/Unity/Session -m com.canonical.Unity.Session.IsLocked | grep -ioP "(true)|(false)")" == "true" ] && state="locked" || state="unlocked"
    printf "%s\t%d" $state 0 > "$vars"

    # start watching changes in state
    gdbus monitor -e -d com.canonical.Unity -o /com/canonical/Unity/Session | while read line
    do
        state=$(grep -ioP "((un)?locked)" <<< "$line")
        # If the line read denotes a change in state, save it to a file with timestamp for access outside this subshell
        [ "$state" != "" ] && printf "%s\t%d" ${state,,} $(date +%s)> "$vars"
    done
) & # don't wait for this subshell to finish

# Get the current state from the vars exported in the subshell
function getState {
    echo $(cut -f1 "$vars")
}

# Get the time in seconds that has passed since the state last changed
function getSecondsElapsed {
    if [ $(cut -f2 "$vars") -ne 0 ]; then
        echo $(($(date +%s)-$(cut -f2 "$vars")))
    else
        echo "unknown"
    fi
}

Essentially, this script watches for changes in the lock state of the screen. When changes take place, the time and state is dumped to a file. You can read this file manually if you like or use the functions I wrote.
If you want a timestamp rather than the number of seconds, try:
date -ud @$(getSecondsElapsed) | grep -oP "(\d{2}:){2}\d{2}"

Don't forget the -u switch which forces the date program to ignore your timezone.


First to mount your ipod :

sudo apt-get install ifuse libimobiledevice-utils

idevicepair unpair (to unpair)

 idevicepair pair (to pair)

Second to unmount use sudo before ur command and enter your password


Having trouble with mounting the hardisk

Try with these commands:

sudo mount -t ntfs /dev/sdb1 /media/newhd
sudo mount -t fat /dev/sdb1 /media/newhd

I find strange that your disk comes with a FAT16 partition.


Ubuntu 20.04/Firefox 80 does not support E-bay

Thanks for your replies.  The answer from user3169 pointed to the problem.
"Do you have tracking protection on for E-bay.com? If you do, open Preferences
--> Web Developer --> Network , and reload the page. If you see some content
that shows that tracking content is blocked, then that is what is happening.
The blocked elements break the page display. ... "
I did have FireFox tracking protection ON, and NO exceptions entered in the "exceptions list" for E-bay; resetting Tracking options to a "Standard" setting "fixed" the problem I was experiencing; specifically, the E-bay response to a search was being presented (rendered) as a bulleted list.  (So, the first two replies were off the mark with respect to their response.)
I think this is related to an E-bay "security feature" that probes a user's machine to see if certain network ports are open and unprotected. Apparently, if you block the probes, E-bay responds differently -- with bulleted lists.
So, THANK YOU for the pointer.  As I suggested in my initial query:  The issue was related to FireFox, but I guess that I will have to "eat my words" in that I created the problem by using an option available in FireFox ...; although I am not certain how, because I simply upgraded from U18.04 w/current updates to U20.04 with all the current updates...
THANKS AGAIN  user3169 for a USEFUL pointer vs the first two putdowns.
I hope my reply helps others who experience issues with E-bay and FireFox rendering E-bay searches as a bulleted list.
Jerry


Is the download live dvd image of Ubuntu up to date?

This is most probably due to your graphic card. You could try the following, boot up using the live cd and at the Grub menu press "e" to edit the first entry.

At the end of the Linux kernel entry line add nomodeset and press F10 key. This should boot up Ubuntu with less optimized graphics.


Where can I get a stable Nvidia driver for GeForce 635m?

I tried a lot of driver versions - NVIDIA 311, 303, 331...  all left me with a blank screen.

The one that worked for me was 349. This works on (Ubuntu 14.04/15.04)

So, for GeForce 635m at this moment the stable driver version is 349.


No. Ubuntu does not have a "connect to projector" key.

However,   I would like to draw your attention to the xrandr command and the "keyboard shortcuts" in "settings". These two would be the main starting point to cobble something together that could function like a "connect to projector" key.


I'm running 16.04 and I accidentally powered down my machine while installing LibreOffice giving me the same problem. After reading this post and the one here: How force remove when post-installation script always fail I used these:

sudo dpkg --purge --force-all openoffice-debian-menus
sudo dpkg --purge --force-all libreoffice-core
sudo apt-get install -f

And it worked.


Is the final beta good enough for setting up a production server?

Is the final beta good enough for a production server?

No. A beta is -never- good enough for a live system.

  Will the additional package upgrades have any impact on performance down the line? (I understand that the system should be in a more pristine state compared to post upgrade from 14.04, hence less dependency chaos and rubbish)

The beta will have a daily download so if internet access is important that will have some impact. "impact on performance"... doubt we can answer that without knowing your hardware. If you run your server from a telephone 4G internet yes it will, if it is of a T1 ... not likely. But you also run the risk of introducing a bug during an update that kills your setup.

Could this lead to unforseeable security issues (kernel, etc)?

No. You will run a risk during the beta period. But patches -improve- your system. Patches should not introduce other problems.

Would installing 14.04 and backporting the new packages be the better solution?

Yes. But not the best option. I would set up the machine and take 2 weeks for testing. That way it is not a production server and it will be when 16.04 is released. We already have 16.04 set up in our google cloud. As soon as we see the updates fase out (probably 1 or 2 weeks after the 21st) those cloud instances become the live versions (we are setting our new systems up with http2 and mysql 5.7).


If you want to play PUBG mobile on your laptop you will need emulate the android environment, I suggest using Oracle virtual box to create a virtual android device. If you want to play other games that are made to run on Windows I would look into using Wine for this or you can use a VM for this as well with a windows 10 install for the VM instead of android.


How to list all files within subdirectories without the path?

Related: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5456120/how-to-get-file-only-file-name-with-linux-find

You'll want the find command, and something like this:

find ./ -type f -printf "%f\n"

If you need to filter by file type (for example, if you have other types of files in the folders, such as .jpg cover images, and just want MP3s listed), then tack on the name switch:

find ./ -type f -name "*.mp3" -printf "%f\n"


I found the issue. The ROOT of my new directory (i.e /media in my case) must be owned by www-data

So

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /media

did the trick for me


Remove all Bumblebee packages you have installed (along with the nvidia319). Start afresh. Specific instructions for Ubuntu 13.10 version are as follows:
From the Bumblebee on Ubuntu installation wiki-

"You need to open your terminal and enter the commands below.

If on 12.04.3, replace linux-headers-generic with linux-headers-generic-lts-raring.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable

Enable the Universe and Multiverse repositories (for bumblebee and nvidia packages respectively).

sudo apt-get update

Install Bumblebee using the default proprietary nvidia driver for 12.04 - 13.04 :

sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia virtualgl linux-headers-generic

***And for 13.10 :

sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia primus linux-headers-generic
Reboot*** "

First purge the nvidia-319 you have OR update it ( I didn't do either because Bumblebee handled it for me ). Then follow the highlighted instructions for 13.10.
Then REBOOT( very important ). If it shows an error like :"Not added to the Bumblebee group". Then add yourself using groupadd

This should work.


How can I record from my microphone input?

Open 'System Settings' > 'Sound' > 'Input', select your device and now record what you want. Audacity is recommended for that.


apt-get -s E: the option « s » in command line [origin -s] is unknown

You can't just execute sudo apt-get -s.  You need to tell it to do something.

That being said, doing a sudo apt-get update -s produces the same error you mention:

$ sudo apt-get update -s
E: Command line option 's' [from -s] is not known.

However, a sudo apt-get install -s does not error-out.

$ sudo apt-get install -s
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  linux-headers-3.13.0-23 linux-headers-3.13.0-23-generic linux-image-3.13.0-23-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-23-generic
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 39 not upgraded.

I'm going to assume that the -s flag only works with some of the commands.  It is mentioned in the Apt/Get Howto wiki.  The example given is with install, and it doesn't explicitly say that it will work with any other action.

  Use the -s flag to simulate an action."sudo apt-get -s install
  " will simulate installing the package showing you what
  packages will be installed and configured.


apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName ... waiting apache2:

This can be overcome by two way.

Add ServerName localhost as the last line in /etc/apache2/apache2.conf file.
Create a file named /etc/apache2/conf-available/servername.conf and add the string ServerName localhost inside and save it. Create a soft link under /etc/apache2/conf-enabled as follows

ln -s /etc/apache2/conf-available/servername.conf .
# or
a2enconf servername

and restart the server.

The string localhost can be replaced with any valid domain name (ie. example.com).


Is it now safe to install/uninstall GNOME 3 from the ppa?

No, it is not yet possible.

You might need to wait ~5 months for the next release of Ubuntu(11.10 Oneiric Ocelot) if you use the final releases only.


Try connecting the removable-media interface:

sudo snap connect libreoffice:removable-media

This interface has just been approved for autoconnect, so you shouldn't need to do this in the short future:
https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/request-auto-connection-of-removable-media-for-libreoffice/2660


Ubuntu 16.04 wifi stop working after unity 8

Solved by reinstalling wireless card, thanks to @MichaelBay


I don't think you'll find such tool, eventhough you can convert the .vmwarevm to .iso this doesn't mean this iso will be used as live cd or installation cd. I really don't know why you want to do that?!

Instead you have the  option to create a Live CD of your running system in Ubuntu, you have many number of tools that give you the ability to create live CD of your running machine. Please take a look on my answer: https://askubuntu.com/a/642979/150504


I would again purge python-pip and install it differently

 wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

Then

 sudo python get-pip.py

And see if that works better for you.

edit

This route will get you newer than what in repo. You can also then update using

 pip install -U pip

Not sure if you can do that if installed with apt-get.


Need assistance in installing μtorrent on Ubuntu 14

There's no μTorrent version for Ubuntu 14.04; you may try to install the version for Ubuntu 13.04:

Download the appropriate μTorrent Server for Ubuntu 13.04 version for your architecture (32-bit / 64-bit) from utorrent.com;
A good place to install additional software is /opt; assuming that you downloaded the tarball in ~/Downloads, decompress / extract it in /opt: in a terminal, run sudo tar zxf ~/Downloads/utserver.tar.gz -C /opt;
Set the permissions of /opt/utorrent-server-alpha-v3_3 to 0777 recursively, so that all the extractes files / folders are readable / writable / executable from everyone: in a terminal, run chmod -R 0777 /opt/utorrent-server-alpha-v3_3
Place a symbolic link to /opt/utorrent-server-alpha-v3_3/utorrent/utserver in /usr/bin: in a terminal, runsudo ln -s /opt/utorrent-server-alpha-v3_3/utorrent/utserver /usr/bin/utserver;

To run it, just run utserver in a terminal; you may also want to add an entry to the Unity Dash to start it straight from the GUI.


Ubuntu Server Install only uses half of availabe space for root partition

Apparently this was an intentional decision.
From https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/subiquity/+bug/1907128 :

This is by design. There's not much point in using LVM if you then completely fill up the volume group with a single logical volume -- you can't take snapshots, for example -- and expanding a LV later is much easier than shrinking one.


How does 24/7 support in Ubuntu Advantage work

The best information I have been able to find about the program is this. It seems to spell out in detail the level of service as well as the response times you can expect for varying levels of severity. Certified hardware is of course better supported.

Hopefully someone with personal experience can provide you with a better answer.


Folder icons gone, top right icons not theming

Re install the ubuntu-desktop package with the command:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

This should clear up the issue.


How to Use Xbox 360 Wireless Gaming Controller?

I'm using the Microsoft Xbox 360 Wireless (Gaming) Receiver for Windows in Ubuntu Linux together with multiple “Microsoft Xbox 360 Wireless Controller” gamepads for single or multiplayer games with up to 4 controllers simulatiously.

This solution took me some time to figure out and it might be not the final solution to issues with gamepads in Linux, but these controllers are some of the most supported gamespads in the Linux world and a standard in PC gaming for game developers since their introduction in 2005 until today. This solution works for Xbox and Xbox One Controllers too.
As drivers, I've used xboxdrv and xpad before on my notebook (from Ubuntu LTS-Versions 12.04 until 18.04), but xboxdrv failed to be fully recognised with some games on my new PC with a fresh Kubuntu 18.04 LTS installed, because xboxdrv it is unmaintained now (since about 2 years). The last Ubuntu LTS it was working perfectly for me was 14.04,  just with installing the PPA.
Just after installing Kubuntu 18.04 LTS (or Ubuntu 18.04 LTS for that matter), I’ve first tried to use my Xbox360 Wireless Controller gamepads and it worked out of the box with the default kernel driver version of xpad, but only in some games, where the analog bumpers (LB and RB) where not needed. Problems arrived in Steam and Steam Play, for native Linux games as well as Windows games though Steam Play (Valve's Wine adaption inside steam). Valkyria Chronicles played well, in Grand Theft Auto V only the camera worked (unplayable) and in Project Cars 2 I was able to assign the basic controls to buttons that worked, but it was almost unplayable.
I tried every solution with xboxdrv then, that I could find on the net, but it’s just too old now. Valve contributed a lot to linux gaming since then. All buttons worked with xboxdrv, but the configuration mixed up the axis of the right stick and the right bumper and I couldn’t figure out how to solve it.
So here is the solution using xpad that made all the magic happen just by installing it. All the gamepads worked perfectly as it should have been with all the games I tried.

Install the Linux Kernel Driver for the Xbox/ Xbox 360/ Xbox One Controllers
Go to https://github.com/paroj/xpad
Follow the installation instructions there. By the time of writing it goes like this:
Open Terminal

Install git and dkms if you haven't got it by entering:
sudo apt-get install git dkms

or jump to the next step.
If you don't know or are not sure, just enter it anyway and the system checks for a version to update only, if you have it already.

Enter:
sudo git clone https://github.com/paroj/xpad.git /usr/src/xpad-0.4

Enter:
sudo dkms install -m xpad -v 0.4

Optional: reboot (just to be sure)

Enjoy! ;)
Further information to install the hardware you find at Microsoft's support here: https://support.xbox.com/en-US/xbox-on-windows/accessories/xbox-360-wireless-gaming-receiver-windows

Install this PPA with joystickwake to help with Screensavers
Unless a game takes special steps, you also will need a joystick-aware screen waker until the display servers catch up. Joystickwake helps linux gamers who are tired of their screen saver interrupting their fun. The source code and documentation are on github:
https://github.com/foresto/joystickwake

Enter:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:foresto/toys

Enter
sudo apt-get update


I had nightmares with Intel wifi until I ran across this. Perhaps it helps. Had to turn off power-management

Reference: How can I prevent iwconfig power management from being turned on?

Create /etc/network/if-up.d/wifi-powerman-off (chmod +x)

#!/bin/sh
# Reference: https://askubuntu.com/questions/85214/how-can-i-prevent-iwconfig-power-management-from-being-turned-on
IWCONFIG=/sbin/iwconfig
WLAN_IFACE=<<interface name>>
if [ ! -x $IWCONFIG ]; then
    exit 1
fi
if [ "$IFACE" = $WLAN_IFACE ]; then
    $IWCONFIG $IFACE power off
fi


Please check if ip forwarding is enabled, and if not then enable it.

$ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
1

$ sudo su
# echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
# exit
exit
$

EDIT: O.K. so ip_forward is enabled.

then delete the line that does MASQUERADE to eth5.
make sure the your specific POSTROUTING command is in the rule set before the generic one. I am saying that this:

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.10.10.10 -j SNAT --to-source xxx.xxx.xxx.14

might need to be this:

iptables -t nat -I 1 POSTROUTING -s 10.10.10.10 -j SNAT --to-source xxx.xxx.xxx.14

(or similar, I did not check the syntax) or if you have the entire master rule set, put it before the other one.

Notes:
With default policy rules of ACCEPT, you do not need your conditional ACCEPTs.


What is the difference between "find" and "locate" search methods in Catfish?

locate is fast but bases its results on a local database that needs to be updated for it to find a recent result. Command updatedb is usually run daily by cron to update the default database.

find is real time so does not depend on a local database. Being real time it is also slower than locate.

Catfish uses the actual Linux commands so you can find more information on both commands with man locate, man locatedb and man find if the 2 links do not give enough information.


How to do auto-login without leaving your account open to everyone?

Use gnome-screensaver-command -l right after the list of programs you load.

It will lock your screen when you run it.


Not able to upgrade 16.04 LTS from 15.10

sudo do-release-upgrade -d

You need -d since 16.04.1 is not released yet.


./vish: error while loading shared libraries: libXext.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

It's possible you are missing this library https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=libXext

Install withFix with

sudo apt install libxext-dev


Unable to uninstall Ubuntu from "uninstall-wubi.exe"

Use just plain Wubi, you can uninstall with that.


Please try:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure resolveconf

Say yes to "prepare /etc/resolve.conf for dynamic updates?" and reboot.


Your /etc/fstab is broken. It probably intially said errors=remount-ro which is correct (details), then somebody turned it manually into remount-ro which is an invalid option.

For a root filesystem this makes OS unusable. You need to boot from DVD and repair.


Ubuntu (Linux) follows the filesystem hierachy structure. There is a description of the main directories in that link.

The location where software gets installed depends on how you install it. If you use the most obvious method (Ubuntu Software Center/.deb's) it generally gets installed to the default locations. In that case libraries will end up in /usr/lib/ (Libraries for the binaries in /usr/bin/ and /usr/sbin/.) and the executable in /bin (Essential command binaries that need to be available in single user mode; for all users, e.g., cat, ls, cp), /usr/bin or /usr/sbin (Non-essential command binaries (not needed in single user mode); for all users).

Some other important directories are /opt and /usr/local/share.

/opt: Optional application software packages. Jasperserver (a stand-alone and embeddable reporting server) for instance installs into /opt.

/usr/local is for data that must be stored on the local host and is used for installing software/data that are not part of the standard operating system distribution. In this directory you will find lib for libraries en bin for executables.

You can use system settings, main menu to browse for executables. Or from command line with locate. Or inside Ubuntu Software Center you can browse all the files that are used for a package. Examples using locate and libreoffice:

locate libreoffice|grep bin

will show /usr/bin/libreoffice.

Sidenote: Eclipse is in the software center so no need to download a zip (unless you want the newest version and not the most stable one):


How do I install a gamepad with vibration?

The Xbox 360 -one works fine for me, but I haven't tested vibration.

I can test vibration, if you point me to a game (in the Ubuntu archives, preferably) that uses it.


Shell globs should work even with spaces in the names if used properly e.g.

rename -nv -- 's/$/.jpg/' *

or

for file in *; do echo mv -- "$file" "$file.jpg"; done

[NOTE: these are 'no ops' until the n switch or the echo are removed - so you can check the correct replacement before committing]

If you do want to automatically distinguish between jpg and avi files that would also be possible using a more complex loop and the file or mimetype command


I had a similar problem with Ubuntu 20.04 starting slowly.
In the /etc/fstab file there were invalid entries about the partition, especially SWAP. This was due to, for example, having changed the partition setting after installing a new system.
They need to be corrected so that there is something similar:
# / etc / fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID = as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab (5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on / dev / sdb2 during installation
UUID = f712dfe1-dfa2-48b1-af05-027eedf6j3c / ext4 errors = remount-ro 0 1
# swap was on / dev / sda2 during installation
UUID = 10ff2eec-b9ed-42ff-9ec4-1f534ek692e2 none swap sw 0 0

Partition numbers can be found e.g. by running the disk application (gnome-disk-utility).


newly installed 14 on laptap, but don't know how to get past command codes

After you have logged in in terminal mode type:

sudo service lightdm start

and press Enter to bring up your default login screen and then login to your Ubuntu desktop environment as usual.

Ubuntu 14.04 is easier to use than Ubuntu 12.04 in many ways, assuming that everything is working properly. If Ubuntu 12.04 has any advantage compared to Ubuntu 14.04, it is that the systems requirements for Ubuntu 12.04 are less than for Ubuntu 14.04, so it may run better than Ubuntu 14.04 on older hardware. However if Ubuntu 12.04 would run better than Ubuntu 14.04 on older hardware then so would Xubuntu 14.04, and you would also get all the upgraded packages.


UEFI is the Option Which Allows to Install Only One Operating system at a time in the Base Machine And its secured one Disable the UEFI and Try to install u can install multiple Operating system ..


World of Warcraft Cataclysm MMO Gaming Mouse (SteelSeries) not functioning, any way to sort this?

Your mouse is emulating a keyboard and four mice.

I would stipulate that it's emulating the keyboard so it can do macros on the buttons.

I would also stipulate that it's emulating four mice so it can increase the perceived DPI by reading all four mouse pointers and using position triangulation.

To get the pointer working you have to figure out which pointer is the actual mouse and configure the window manager to use that pointer.

I don't know how to reconfigure that in Ubuntu's current window manager, but there you have it.


is there a way to autorun-on-DISconnect a USB external drive (U10.04)?

Well I've come up with a not very elegant way to get round this.
The autorun script looks something like this:

#!/bin/bash

/path/to/mount-script&

while : # loop isn't really needed ...
do
    sleep 999d # ...  because the script will idle for 999 days
    if (($?))
    then
    # sleep closed abnormally, so tidy up
        /path/to/dismount-script
         exit 1
    fi
done

So when the drive eject occurs, the system detects sleep and bash are still running and puts up the warning dialogue; right-click sleep in the dialogue and end it then causes an exit status of 130 that means the dismount script gets called and when it returns the bash script terminates and the USB device then ejects cleanly.


Is there any way to require an additional password to use sudo, or add a timed delay to sudo commands?

You can use chattr to change attributes and 'lsattr` to check the current attributes. See the description at this link

File_attributes

I suggest that you try the following command

sudo chattr +i /etc/hosts

which should make the file immutable (not possible to change) until you reset the immutable attribute with

sudo chattr -i /etc/hosts

You can check the attributes with

sudo lsattr /etc/hosts


Try doing this:

find | grep libc.so.6
Copy/Remember the path shown by the command's output
Create a link to the /lib folder using sudo ln -s <your-libc-path-here> /lib/libc.so.6

Guessing this should solve it.


You should instead create an alias instead of a symbolic link, so that it keeps your system clean and prevent unnecessary binaries from filling it up.

Open your ~/.bash_aliases file and paste the following (don't worry if its empty, it will be empty if you have not aliases any commands before using this file):

alias matlab='/usr/local/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/matlab'

save the file and exit and then do

source ~/.bash_aliases

from a terminal and then you should be able to type

matlab

and get matlab working.


"Use This Source" in Ubuntu Software Center grayed out for many Softwares

To fix this issue, make sure that you're using the available sources by checking the settings. To do this, you would open Settings.

From there, you'll open Software & Updates.

Then you'll make sure that 'Community-maintained free and open-source software (universe)' is checked.

If it's unchecked, and I suspect it is,then when you check it, it will ask for your password to run as superuser so that it has permission to change the software sources. From there, it you should have no problems installing software from the 'universe' source.


This used to work but is not recommended as of somewhere in 2010 even. So don't use this:

RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?lamtakam\.com$
RewriteRule ^ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent]

Those would have been added to .htaccess.

You should be using this (from the same link):

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName www.examples.com
    Redirect / https://www.examples.com/
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName www.examples.com
    # ... SSL
</VirtualHost>


Intel Dual Band Wireless 7265 dropping connection

The root cause is described in this blog post It seems that there are some bugs in the Intel iwlwifi driver for 802.11N protocol for the kernel/firmware versions 3.13.0-45-generic/22.24.8.0. The temporary solution it is to disable 802.11N which is an work-around until the issue will be fixed. That means that I will not use the full capacity of the 7265 controller, which will be limited to 54MBs.

sudo sh -c 'echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf'


Here is what I suggest:

#!/bin/bash
while true
do
 curl https://duckduckgo.com &> /dev/null
 sleep 5
done

Every 5 second it will opens the "duckduckgo" website once.

You can stop the process using Ctrl+c

Save it in a file named script.sh, then run:

chmod +x script.sh

and to run it use:

./script.sh

Note that you don't get any output it just opens the URL once in every 5 second.

If you want to see the output you should remove &> /dev/null.


I spent weeks trying to get Packet Tracer 7 to work after having the same error. I believe I have found the solution though. Should work on Ubuntu or any Debian based distribution.

Remove the package kde-style-breeze-qt4.

sudo apt-get remove kde-style-breeze-qt4

Be mindful that this may also remove programs dependent on this package. To force removal of only this package without the packages that depend on it use:

sudo dpkg --remove --force-depends kde-style-breeze-qt4

In my case the program that would have normally been removed for being dependent on kde-style-breeze-qt4 still works without it.

I hope my solution works for you. Not sure what kde-style-breeze-qt4 does but I notice that I also have kde-style-breeze on my system as well. Must be a qt library conflict or something.


Cannot connect to internal IP on interface

Looks like the static address for your server is misconfigured. What was your reasoning for choosing 192.163.1.153?

Your gateway and DNS servers are on a different network 192.168.1, vs 192.163.1


Shotwell doesn't show folder in home directory when importing

The problem was solved when I removed the version I installed from Flatpak and installed it by the official repository.


Bluetooth service unable to start without "systemctl restart bluetooth"

On my HP elitebook G2 840, Intel® Core™ i5-5200U CPU @ 2.20GHz × 4
Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
Linux 5.8.0-53-generic x86_64 this worked a bit:
Editing config file:
sudo nano /etc/bluetooth/main.conf
Changing AutoEnable to True, taking out the #
Taking out # at Reconnect=7
Taking out # at Fastconnectable
Save and exit.
As per this post:
https://www.makeuseof.com/fix-bluetooth-connectivity-issues-in-ubuntu/


Toshiba External HDD USB 3.0 not being recognized by Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Try connecting the laptop to power, then connect the hard drive. It worked for me.

I also have a Toshiba 1 TB external hard drive with USB 3.0 connection. When I plugged it into my Asus Zenbook UX305UA with elementary OS Loki running on battery, the hard drive was not recognized, neither on the USB 3.0 nor the USB 2.0 port (although it got powered up...). Only once I connected the laptop to power and then plugged in the hard drive, it popped up in the file manager.

Also as somewhere else suggested, you might want to make sure you have the ntfs-3g package installed, if your hard drive is formatted as NTFS.


How can I install Windows 7 alongside Ubuntu 16.04?

Installing Windows on an Ubuntu system will delete or corrupt GRUB bootloader. If installing Windows successfully removes GRUB; Windows bootloader can't boot Ubuntu so only Windows will be accessible then. But if installing Windows just deletes/corrupts GRUB files, GRUB will boot into recovery mode and you won't be able to access Ubuntu or Windows.

However if you really have to install Windows on an Ubuntu system- first prepare a Ubuntu live CD/DVD/USB flash drive, install WIndows. Then follow this is a tutorial to reinstall/repair GRUB so that you can access both OS.


Upgrading Graphics Card (from ATI to nVidia). How to do it properly?

You can remove the ATI drivers first but it is not "required".

I would log out of X then

  sudo apt-get remove fglrx-legacy
  sudo mv /etc/Xorg/xorg.conf ~/ #adjust the path

Then reboot and install your new card.

When the system comes back up you should get a basic X session with limited 3D support. Install the nvidia drivers as usual.

If you don't remove the fglrx drivers, or dont move the xorg.conf file worse thing that can happen is that it tries to load the ATI drivers and it can't. X will fail to start and you can fix it from the console.


"core - The core runtime enviornment for snapd." What is it and how did it get on my computer?

core is the name of a Snap package. Snaps are containerised software packages that are simple to create and install. They auto-update and are safe to run. And because they bundle their dependencies with them, they are not distribution dependent.

The Snap package core contains the low level dependencies (when you install an app, dependencies are the packages that aren’t part that app but are needed for the app to run properly) needed by all Snap apps. So yes, you definitely need it if you want your system to be able to run snap apps.


Installing Ubuntu inside Windows 7 without internet connection [offline mode]

Simply put both wubi and ubuntu iso(which you downloaded) in same folder(try to put wubi and ubuntu iso only no other files in that folder) and run wubi it will work.

You don't need to download wubi from website, just open ubuntu iso file in winrar and you can find wubi as last file, extract only wubi outside.

You should disconnect your internet connection before running wubi.


How safe is it to shrink the root (EXT4) partition?

It's extremely safe - as long as you've backed up so you can restore your important data if anything should be lost.  Moving partitions around always has some risk, but as long as you have a good backup you won't likely lose anything but time. With that warning in mind:

It is usually quite safe.  I've resized and/or moved ext4 partitions many times (I use gparted) and have never had the slightest problem; it's always worked just as it should.  And you appear to have good intructions on how to do it all, so I'd recommend you give it a go.

If you plan to do anything with Windows partitions, however, I'd recommend that Windows partitions be moved or resized from within Windows using Windows tools.  Windows doesn't always play nicely with others; the only time I've ever had problems with moving/resizing partitions has been with Windows.


Why are some GUI fonts so small in Ubuntu 20.04? How can I fix them?

Following this suggestion by sarnold from Ubuntu IRC channel it is fixed now:
>> s = settings;s.matlab.desktop.DisplayScaleFactor
>> s.matlab.desktop.DisplayScaleFactor.PersonalValue = 2

It currently looks like this:


Unable to uninstall NVidia drivers completely (initramfs will attempt to resume from...)

Reinstall the nouveau-firmware...

sudo apt-get install --reinstall nouveau-firmware

There are two resume parameters that I know of, and two that would effect the initramfs.

Kernel parameter:

In terminal... (permanent)...

sudo blkid # get a list of partitions and UUID's
sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub # edit this file
find "quiet splash" and change it to something like "quiet splash resume=/dev/nvme0n1p3"
note: nvme0n1p3 should be your swap partition
sudo update-grub # update the grub files
reboot # reboot the computer

via the GRUB menu... (temporary)...

hit the e key to enter edit mode
find "quiet splash"
change it to "quiet splash resume=/dev/nvme0n1p3
note: nvme0n1p3 should be your swap partition
control-x to continue booting...

initramfs:

In terminal...

sudo blkid # get a list of partitions and UUID's
sudo -H /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume # edit this file
RESUME=UUID=1e612fb7-d1f4-4a4a-a5bd-1ae6761c9bf0 # edit with correct UUID
note: UUID should be from swap partition
sudo update-initramfs -c -k $(uname -r) # update initrd.img
reboot # reboot the computer


Uninstalling allegro 4.4 and installing 4.2 on ubuntu 19.10

You can completely remove allergro by executing below commands in terminal.
sudo apt purge allegro4.4

Remove its dependencies.
sudo apt autoremove

Allergro 4.2 version is not available through repositories.
You can manually download source code, compile and install it.
Make sure that you have development libraries installed to compile.
sudo apt install build-essential

wget -c 'https://github.com/liballeg/allegro5/releases/download/v4-2-3-1/allegro-4.2.3.1.tar.gz'

tar xvf allegro-4.2.3.1.tar.gz

cd allegro-4.2.3.1/ && sudo ./configure

sudo make && sudo make install


Nautilus stopped working, file manager, desktop items vanished

You have to get all updates with newest dependencies for your current system by executing the following commands:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install aptitude

sudo aptitude safe-upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


How can I hide desktop icon names in Unity desktop, Ubuntu 16.04?

Install package dconf-tools

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

Open dconf-editor

dconf-editor

under /org/gnome/nautilus/desktop change the "font" key to "Ubuntu 0"

Command-line alternative to this same approach which doesn't require dconf-editor installation is the following command (note the quoting):

dconf write /org/gnome/nautilus/desktop/font '"Ubuntu 0"'


Moving a pane in LibreOffice back to the main window

To move the window back, simply hold the ctrl key and double click on any non-button area of the window chrome (not the contents btw).

Current versions of LibreOffice allow you to drag the Window and it will show a drop target.


Unable to login to phpmyadmin with the root user

You have to reconfigure phpmyadmin, reset MySQL password.

Reconfigure phpmyadmin
Ctrl + Alt + T to launch terminal
sudo dpkg-reconfigure phpmyadmin
Connection method for MySQL database for phpmyadmin: unix socket
Name of the database's administrative user: root
Password of the database's administrative user: mysqlsamplepassword
MySQL username for phpmyadmin: root
MySQL database name for phpmyadmin: phpmyadmin
Web server to reconfigure automatically: apache2
ERROR 1045
ignore
sudo dpkg-reconfigure mysql-server-5.5
New password for the MySQL "root" user: mysqlsamplepassword
Repeat password for the MySQL "root" user: mysqlsamplepassword

Wish it helps!

Have a nice day!


From the directions here,

EXAMPLE:

1) Verify the installation of ncpfs:

linux~# rpm -q
ncpfs-2.6.6-7

2) Create a mountpoint for the server

linux~# mkdir /mnt/myserver

3) Create a group to assign the filerights to

linux~# groupadd nwaccess

4) Assign users to the defined group

linux~# usermod -G nwaccess veerh01

5) Create a password file

linux~# echo myserver/myuser.location.nds:mypassword >/etc/ncp-pass
linux~# chmod 600 /etc/ncp-pass

6) create a mount line in /etc/fstab - that is edit /etc/fstab with your favorite editor and add a line to it with the following definitions:

<server/user> <mountpoint> ncp uid=root,gid=<group>,mode=660,owner=root,A=<server>,passwdfile=/etc/ncp-pass     0 0

For the example described above it becomes:

myserver/myuser.location.nds /mnt/myserver ncp uid=root,group=nwaccess,mode=660,owner=root,A=myserver,passwdfile=/etc/ncp-pass 0 0


Message "Sparse file not allowed" after installing on a btrfs filesystem

OK after a bit of rummaging around I found a how-to too get rid of this problem at least temporarily it is fairly simple however I don't have my system set-up with btrfs so I can't confirm this fix.

either comment out or remove this line:

if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi

or

if [ -n "\${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "\${boot_once}" ]; then save_env \
recordfail; fi; fi

in this file

/etc/grub.d/00_header

then run

update-grub

the reason for not editing /boot/grub/grub.cfg directly is that it will be over written every time grub is updated in this case you would only have to "re do" the fix if the grub common packages is updated.

This is the bug on launchpad if you want to add yourself bug #736743

Quoting Colin Watson from the bug report

  This is actually a misleading error message: what's happening is that
  GRUB's btrfs implementation doesn't implement the file read hook
  interface for returning blocklists to calling code. I posted to
  grub-devel about this and the upstream maintainer pointed out that,
  even aside from multi-device problems, writing to btrfs from GRUB is
  fundamentally risky because:

  the same block may be used by multiple snapshots every tree
  which uses a given block will contain its checksum, and so on
  recursively

  However, btrfs reserves space at the start for the boot loader. This
  space is more than GRUB needs to embed itself, and so we could use 1KB
  of it for an environment block.

  In any case, this is not a new problem that arose from using
  subvolumes, nor does it prevent booting (you get a spurious "Press any
  key to continue" prompt, but if you just ignore it it'll boot anyway).
  Downgrading to wishlist.

Hope this helps


When you have your PC off, and the network cable plugged into it, do you see activity on the network port? i.e. flashing green or amber lights? If so, then WOL is enabled. The easiest way to tell is just to try. :-)


I also got a problem like this and solved it using the following commands:

This is where 5 has Windows 8:

grub>rootnoverify(hd0,5)
grub>makeactive
grub>chainloader +1
grub>boot


Video player with good subtitle rendering

I would suggest using MPlayer. It's a really nice, feature-rich player, but often beginners have problem with the interface (CLI based by design) and the "too many possibilities" (which is also the result of being feature-rich player btw). "Raw MPlayer" (without frontends) allows you to position your subtitles with keys 'r' and 't', also you can try key 'a' to modify alignment. You can also learn about options and default keybindings by typing man mplayer within terminal. You can also visit the documentation of MPlayer at MPlayer's site: http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/MPlayer.html

You can also try to use many of the GUI based frontends written for MPlayer, like SMPlayer, Gnome mplayer, etc. MPlayer has its own GUI too, some people say it's not so good as some frontends though. On default install it can be launched with command 'gmplayer' or by looking the menu item showing installed softwares (make sure you haven't tried the nogui version - from the package name - because it has not got GUI support compiled in!).

About your question: mplayer can use TTF fonts, shaded/antialiased, positioned, etc as subtitles, so as far as I can imagine it should be enough for your needs, if usability is not a problem at least :)


Ubuntu gets stuck at boot screen (freeze, not black) after attempting brightness fix for NVIDIA card

You can use grub to enter a root shell:
Press e when in grub and edit the line looking something like:
linux   /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda4 ro quiet splash to
linux   /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda4 ro single.

Alternatively you can use ubuntu recovery and launch a root shell from there.

Then just revert the changes you made to /etc/X11/xorg.conf and reboot.


There is no python-visual package in the 18.04 LTS repository:

So consider to install using pip3:

sudo apt-get install python3-pip
pip3 install vpython
python3 -c "from vpython import *; sphere()"

and you will get sphere in web-browser:


Booting external hard drive removed from laptop

There are quite a few reasons why this might not work, including, but not limited to:

Drive failure -- As Alexiy suggests in a comment, the disk may have been the point of failure for your laptop.
Logical sector size changes -- Some external enclosures "translate" eight 512-byte logical sectors into one 4096-byte logical sector. When this happens, the partition table looks like gibberish and the disk can't be used with existing partitions.
BIOS vs. EFI booting -- If the old computer booted in BIOS mode and your new computer is EFI-based, you must enable the Compatibility Support Module (CSM) to boot a BIOS-mode boot loader. If it's the other way around, you won't be able to boot your EFI-based OS on a BIOS-based computer. (At least not easily; tools like DUET and Clover can do it, but they're quite exotic and difficult to configure.)
EFI NVRAM variables are gone -- If both computers boot in EFI mode, you won't be able to boot an installation made on one computer after transferring the disk to another computer because part of the EFI boot process is a pointer to the boot loader stored in NVRAM, which of course remains on your old computer. You can work around this by using my rEFInd boot manager, even on a USB flash drive or CD-R if you don't want to install it permanently. rEFInd actively scans for boot loaders instead of relying on the NVRAM. Another option is to mount the EFI System Partition (ESP) of the target disk and copy the boot loader to the fallback filename of EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi, as described on this page of mine.


netplan: usage by command line (without manually editing this annoying yaml file)?

The ifconfig command still exists in Ubuntu, but there is no equivalence between what ifconfig and netplan are intended to do. ifconfig is a tool for modifying the current state of an interface on the system. netplan is a tool for persistently managing the configuration of the network on a system.

If you know how to configure your network interfaces with a series of ifconfig commands, you could add a systemd unit or init script to run these at boot, but this would be less well integrated with the system's boot than using netplan.

There are presently no command line tools for editing netplan configuration.


"Cannot open: No such file or directory" when extracting a tar file

Reason for your problem is in the error report.

Cannot open: No such file or directory

cded into the directory on which the apache-cassandra-2.0.3-bin.tar.gz file is located and then run the below command to extract it's content.

tar -zxvf filename.tar.gz   # Replace the filename with your's


.tgz extract error like data --format violated

The .tgz/.tar.gz archive is corrupt. You should probably download it again.

If you need to investigate further, file filename.tgz will take an educated guess what the file format is. For an actual gzip file the output would look more or less like this:

filename.tgz: gzip compressed data, from Unix, max compression

For a tar archive it would have the word “tar archive” in the format description like so:

filename.tar: POSIX tar archive (GNU)

Depending on the output of file you can take further steps:

If the file is actually an uncompressed (instead of compressed) but mislabelled tar archive you can rename it to have the extension .tar and extract it with tar -xf <FILE> (just drop the -z flag because we don't want to decompress).
If the file is a gzip stream, you can

verify its integrity by extracting it do /dev/null:

zcat filename.tgz >/dev/null

peek inside to investigate further:

zcat filename.tgz | file -s -


evolution-mapi uses the native Outlook protocol. There is no plugin for Thunderbird that does this on Linux.

evolution-exchange basically uses screen scraping of the Exchange web service. This only works with older versions of Exchange. There might be plugins that provide this kind of support for email in Thunderbird, but I haven't seen any yet.

At the moment, your best bet is to either have IMAP enabled on the server or to use evolution.


For a little more secure approach I'd recommend creating a group for those 3 users and then chown'ing the directory by the group.

1. sudo groupadd mygroup

2. sudo usermod -aG {group-name} username

In your case it'd be

sudo usermod -aG mygroup plex ; sudo usermod -aG mygroup root ; sudo usermod -aG mygroup myuser

3. chown -Rf :mygroup /media


Does not have internet access after changing IP address

Your IP and gateway are not in the same subnet.

Your router will have a gateway LAN address of 192.168.1.1 or something along those lines (could be 192.168.0.1, 10.10.0.1, 10.10.1.1, etc.). If you set a static IP on your device it needs to match that format.

With a 255.255.255.0 mask only the final number will vary from device to device.


Set mouse click action in the center of the mouse pointer, not the top left corner

I believe the "hotspot" of a cursor is defined inside the cursor file itself, so there must be a problem with the custom cursor you're using.

See this for instructions on how to create your own cursor - as you can see, the x and y coordinates of the hotspot are specified in the config file which is used to create a cursor.

Here is a thread about creating your own cursor theme - http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1440110


Removed some directories being root and Xubuntu won't start

I'm not sure I believe that in 2013 people still run commands with rm -rf they find on the internet without trying to work out what they're doing... Perhaps Ubuntu should pop up a big warning the first time a user runs rm...

But anyhow... The session file lives in the xfce4-session package. Reinstall that and you should be golden.

sudo apt-get --reinstall xfce4-session

And here are a few others:

For the standard Ubuntu desktop, reinstall gnome-session
For KDE you would want kde-workspace-data.
For Gnome-shell reinstall gnome-shell.
For AwesomeWM, reinstall awesome.

There are others but I don't know their xsession names to look them up by.


Use gnome-keyring as ssh agent instead of openssh

I didn't really find a solution, others had the same question on the KDE forum but a simple workaround is to set the ssh agent in .profile

export SSH_AUTH_SOCK=`ss -xl | grep -o '/run/user/1000/keyring/ssh'`

this is not overwritten by the rest of the start-up procedures and at least sets it correctly in a (startup) shell. In the rest of window system, it's still the other ssh agent, unfortunately.


radeon x800 pro driver 9-3-x86 error installing {Need guidance or alternative drivers}

Please use the proprietary drivers provided by Ubuntu's driver installer. If there are none, probably because that card is rather old and I remember reading that support for this series has been dropped some time ago, then remove possibly installed drivers and packages. Ubuntu should then default back to the open source drivers.

That 9-3 in the filename means that this driver is from march 2009. Installing such an old driver will not work.


Ubuntu not starting after failed boot of OSX install disk

As per the norm with Linux error messages, it's telling you exactly what to do:

/dev/sda2: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY.

Unfortunately, you can't boot into your system to run fsck, so you'll need to grab some live media (the same thing you installed Ubuntu with), and follow these steps.

Open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T
Run the command sudo blkid | grep ext4 to get the disk you need to operate on. It should be the only result, and should have a /dev/sdXY at the beginning. Make note of this.
Now, run sudo fsck /dev/sdXY, replacing it with what you got in step 2. It will go through and check the filesystem. This command may prompt you (when it's done) to run fsck -f on the drive. Do that if necessary (sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXY).

Reboot your system and you should be okay.


How to set up SNMP in Ubuntu server 18.04 to report access point activity to Zabbix dashboard?

Take these 2 steps :

1- install and config snmpd

2- install MIBs and config snmp conf file (not snmpd file)

Step 1:
Run the following commands in the terminal:

Update all packages: sudo apt-get update

Install SNMP: sudo apt-get install snmpd

Edit snmpd.conf with text editor of your choice, we will be using nano: sudo nano /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

It should look like this:

"#Listen for connections from the local system only"

"#agentAddress  udp:127.0.0.1:161"

"Listen for connections on all interfaces (both IPv4 and IPv6"

"agentAddress udp:161,udp6:[::1]:161"

(#'s are important!!! the first two should have # and the last two should not!)

Configure rocommunity: rocommunity public (or whatever you like to use)

save and exit (ctrl+x , Yes , Enter)

Restart the SNMPD service: sudo service snmpd restart

Step 2:

sudo apt-get install snmp-mibs-downloader

sudo download-mibs

To have the new MIBs recognized by net-snmp, edit /etc/snmp/snmp.conf file as follows:

$ sudo nano /etc/snmp/snmp.conf

mibs +ALL

$

to test run :

snmptranslate -Tp on Terminal and youll get the MIB Trees

Go back to Zabbix you see it's working now !!!! :)


Games stuttering with high FPS after updating to 19.10

It seems like it's a problem with Nvidia drivers.
After changing drivers and rebooting, Nvidia's 390 driver is the only one who seems to run a bit better, the other two (430 and 435) wouldn't even start TF2 most of the times. And although now games are at least playable, they are far from enjoyable.

Edit: Everything fine with KDE. I fixed it by resetting gnome to defaults

 dconf reset -f /org/gnome/

Games still appear to have a problem once in a while trying to get fullscreen, and when they don't they lag a lot. This can also be fixed (while in-game) by using

ALT + F2

and then restarting gnome-shell

r


LibreOffice Writer (6.0.1.1): Turn off capitalization of first word

You can turn off capitalization of the first word of each sentence via Tools → Autocorrect → Autocorrect options …

As noted at the bottom of the options tab, you can choose whether to apply the preference to existing text, and/or while typing new text:

[M]: Replace while modifying text
[T]: AutoCorrect while typing


Standard uses of USB if Ubuntu is installed

Full Install to USB - BIOS/UEFI

If you plan on using your bootable USB on various computers it should boot on both BIOS and UEFI computers.

It is also good if there is a common partition on the drive that the various computers can access.

If Apple is involved the partition should be FAT32, if the drive is over 32GB the drive FS should be NTFS.

Mkusb makes a great base for a Full Install USB drive able to boot from both BIOS and UEFI:

Use mkusb to make a Live system on the Installer USB (2GB or larger).
Use mkusb to make a Persistent system on the Target USB using default settings with ~25GB persistence if available, (remaining NTFS partition is used as Windows accessible data partition).

As soon as mkusb finishes, open GParted and delete sdx4, the ISO9660 partition and expand sdx5 into the recovered space, (sdx being the device name of the Target drive).

Create a extra ext4 partition sdx6 for /home if a separate home directory is desired, (Optional).

Unplug or remove HDD before proceeding further, (optional but recommended, highly recommended in UEFI mode).
Boot Installer drive, select Try.
Insert Target drive
Start Install Ubuntu...
Select "Something else".
Select sdx5, (on the target drive), and click Change.

Select Use as: ext4, Format and Mount point: /.

Don't touch any other partitions (unless adding an optional /home partition to sdx4).

Select sdx5 as Device for boot loader installation.
Complete installation.
Cut or copy grub.cfg from sdx5/boot/grub and paste to sdx3/boot/grub, overwriting the existing grub.cfg file.
Boot the target drive and run sudo update-grub to add all drives to boot menu.
Do not install any propriety drivers, (ie Nvidia), on pre-18.04 installs.


I just startet to rebuild my laptop OSs again.
I now have a solution to the Problem I ddiscribed. The "dash" implicates that the efiboot-partition is missing/not bootable. Ubuntu doesn't create it on its own. The Installaion was fine. To fix the boot error the Partitiontable had to be selfmade. Important is a efiboot-partition in the beginning of the boottable. Now Ubuntu works fine and starts without a Problem.

For everybody that isnt sure if his Macbook / MacbookPro has all the needed firmwareupdates:
Go to:
http://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201518
You have to use Mac to install the firmware. (I installed it on an extra harddisk)

The message Efi/Boot/fallback.efi 14 isn't important.

Have a nice day!
and thanks for your Help!


Ubuntu 13.10: No ethernet + WiFi on hp mini 1033CL netbook (Marvell + BCM4312)

Your ethernet uses the driver sky2. Please hook up the ethernet and see if the driver loads. Open a terminal and run:

lsmod

Is sky2 listed? If not, load it:

sudo modprobe sky2

Was an interface created, ideally eth0?

ifconfig

Does it connect? If not, let's move on to the wireless and solve the ethernet later. Download this file to your desktop: http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/multiverse/l/linux-firmware-nonfree/linux-firmware-nonfree_1.14ubuntu1_all.deb  Install it from the terminal:

cd ~/Desktop
sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

Unload and reload the driver so it sees and uses the new firmware:

sudo modprobe -r b43 && sudo modprobe b43

Your wireless should now be working. If so, we'll tackle the ethernet. If not, check for informative messages:

dmesg | grep b43

Check for informative messages about the ethernet:

dmesg | grep sky2

Does the error you posted persist if you do:

sudo modprobe -r sky2
sudo modprobe sky2
dmesg | grep sky2
ifconfig  <--no need to post the whole thing; just tell us if eth0 appears

Look for dmesg entries later than [3.19..]. Or also:

sudo modprobe -r sky2
sudo modprobe sky2 legacy_pme=1
dmesg | grep sky2
ifconfig  <--no need to post the whole thing; just tell us if eth0 appears

If either technique helps, we can write a file or two and make it persistent.

If there are still errors, please reboot so we have a clean slate and run:

dmesg > sky2.txt

Find the text file sky2.txt in your user directory and paste it here: http://paste.ubuntu.com/ Give us the link in your reply.

Please be sure your system (i.e. kernel version) is fully updated:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y upgrade

If a newer linux-image is installed, reboot.

I see the following in your dmesg:

  [    2.827902] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 107 at
  /build/buildd/linux-3.11.0/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:1074 assert_pipe+0x82/0xe0 i915
  [    2.827913] pipe A assertion failure (expected on, current off)
  [    2.827918] Modules linked in: i915(+) sky2 ssb i2c_algo_bit drm_kms_helper wmi drm video(F)
  [    2.827950]CPU: 1 PID: 107 Comm: systemd-udevd Tainted: GF       W  3.11.0-12-generic #19-Ubuntu

I'm not at all sure it has much or even anything to do with your issue, but I'd research and resolve it. I also notice that your system takes a very long time to boot and seems, if I am reading correctly, to get stuck at:

  [    3.241201] [drm] Initialized i915 1.6.0 20080730 for 0000:00:02.0
  on minor 0

This looks like another i915 video issue.

Aside from these observations, I regret I am out of ideas.


Install Ubuntu-desktop on Ubuntu using Ubuntu iso image

Since your old laptop has working network connectivity, it would probably be easier to install from the network:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

Note that since the introduction of Unity, there is no longer a distinction between Ubuntu "netbook" and "desktop" editions.


Start wifi in adhoc mode right after boot

From here you add wireless-mode ad-hoc to your interface definition

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
    address 192.168.1.1
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    wireless-channel 1
    wireless-essid MYNETWORK
    wireless-mode ad-hoc


Changing the keyboard layout turns off the numlock

Turns out this is a known bug and the bug report includes a patch. You could try applying the patch and recompiling X or you could try this workaround:

Save this script as ~/bin/toggle_keyboard.sh

#!/bin/bash

current=`setxkbmap -query | grep layout | fold -s2 | tail -n 1`
if [ "$current" == 'us' ]
then
    setxkbmap -layout gr
else
    setxkbmap -layout us
fi

Make the script executable with chmod +x ~/bin/toggle_keyboard.sh.
Go to Settings => Keyboard => Shortcuts => Custom Shortcuts and assign create a shortcut that runs /home/stelios/bin/toggle_keyboard.sh (obviously, change stelios to whatever your actual username is).

You should now be able to use this new shortcut to toggle between your keyboard layouts.


Unable to get back to graphical environment after changing desktop wallpaper style to newspaper

When a Linux graphical desktop environment breaks, it is usually caused by a bad setting in any of the following layers of the graphical environment:

the window system
the window manager
the desktop manager
the display manager

Read this guide and try the methods stated in to restore your graphical environment back.


How do you add a show desktop button to the dock (18.04)?

There are threads explaining relatively complex ways to get this looking like it did in Unity, but what I did was go to the Ubuntu Software Center (app store) and just type in "Show Desktop Button" there is a little add on you can install which puts a little house icon on your top panel that you can click on to do exactly what you want :)


You can set the Maximum mount count to 1 and reboot which should start the fsck.

Before doing so, note down the default value you get with the command as follows. In the following example we will use /dev/sda6 as an example.

tune2fs -l /dev/sda6 | grep 'Maximum mount count'

Then set the value to 1.

tune2fs -c 1 /dev/sda6

Then reboot and the filesystem check should start.


Once you have created the new user,
for example if the user name is cinnamon
open the file with below command
sudo -H gedit /var/lib/AccountsService/users/cinnamon

and add the line XSession=cinnamon ( if the XSesson line is already there with empty then edit the line to look like XSession=cinnamon)
below is an example..
[User]
Session=cinnamon
XSession=cinnamon
Icon=/var/lib/AccountsService/icons/cinnamon
SystemAccount=false


Constant HIGH CPU Usage - even after reboot with no applications

I am happy to report that the problem "solved itself" one day, immediately after a regular Ubuntu 12.04 update.  Thank you, Ubuntu team.


Is it important which comes first ,root or swap partition on my external drive?

There is no requirement for any order of your partitions.

Depending on the type of your hard drive, a partition on the logical start of your disk may be "quicker", because the positioning of read head is quicker here. On some other drives this may be true at the logical end of your disk.
You have to benchmark your disk to detect the quickest area.

Historically, you have had the opportunity to gain some performance if you optimize your system this way a little bit.

With modern Solid State Drives this makes no sense any more.
And also on traditional Hard Disk Drives this makes no sense, if you are using LVM or RAID.

One additional note:
If you use the modern GPT instead the MSDOS label, you don't have to think about primary and extended partitions.

 parted /dev/sdX mklabel gpt


A random thought made me try unity -v which told me that unity wasn't installed.

$ sudo apt-get install unity and I got to the login screen. Here I couldn't get in despite entering the correct password.

By following the steps given here I entered sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop and managed to login.

A few programs that were previously installed are now missing but I managed to login successfully without losing any files.


As far as I know the nvidia-xconfig comes with the driver. Therefore, on my 14.04 system I can search for the command in the packages

dpkg -S nvidia-xconfig

and I get

  nvidia-331-updates: /usr/lib/nvidia-331-updates/bin/nvidia-xconfig

As you see nvidia-xconfig is in the package the provides the driver. Which one do you want to install and how?


Install ubuntu 13.04 alongside windows 8

You definitely have 64bit processor according to Dell Inspiron N4050 specs (http://www.specsbox.com/628/dell-inspiron-n4050-14-laptop.html), and all possible CPU specs (http://ark.intel.com/products/55627/Intel-Pentium-Processor-B950-2M-Cache-2_10-GHz) (http://ark.intel.com/products/53434/Intel-Core-i3-2330M-Processor-3M-Cache-2_20-GHz), (http://ark.intel.com/products/53450/Intel-Core-i5-2430M-Processor-3M-Cache-up-to-3_00-GHz)

Use 64bit version of Ubuntu !


Blank screen after updating NVIDIA drivers

Discovered workarounds:

Typing password at the blank screen works
Booting into recovery mode and then selecting "resume normal boot" works

My issue was caused by full disk encryption. I have another machine with full disk encryption + proprietary NVIDIA drivers and it works fine. I don't know why it doesn't work on this machine, but I confirmed the cause by temporarily installing Ubuntu without encryption. I suspect this issue was caused by 1 of 2 things and I'll award +1 and accepted answer to anyone who can tell me which (and how to fix it):

While my screen had a signal, it may have been drawing the password entry screen to my onboard graphic chip which isn't connected to anything (see logs)
Or perhaps the fallback to noveau drivers failed (after trying to load NVIDIA drivers from the encrypted partition)


Migrating an Ubuntu mirror made with `apt-mirror`

I would have formatted an external drive with ext filesystem and just set the download point there.  Just the folder with the deb files will not be enough.  Look at your apt-mirror config.  Wherever the config points for the "root" is where you need to base your recursive copy.


Since the update to 15.04, my dual-boot Dell XPS can't use WiFi

I've encountered the same problem with Ubuntu MATE 15.04 on my Dell XPS M1730 with an internal Intel PRO/Wireless 4965 wifi adapter. It couldn't even maintain a connection in the installer ISO, which results in a rather broken OS install.

My wifi adapter works fine in Linux Mint Debian Edition with the iwl4965 driver, and even better in Windows 7. It has also worked fine in Ubuntu versions prior to 15.04 (including 14.04 LTS and 14.10), so there's likely a regression somewhere.

Anyways, here's a possible solution that I may try today: Connect the laptop to the Internet via an Ethernet cable, reinstall Ubuntu 15.04, then do a post-install package upgrade pass. If the bug has been found and fixed since they made the 15.04 installers, this could result in a working system.

Update: This didn't work for me. I also tried messing with modprobe configuration for the iwlwifi/iwlegacy/iwl4965 modules and it didn't help. Hopefully someone will fix this issue by the time 15.10 rolls around.

Update 2: I also tried switching out Network Manager for WICD and a bunch of other common things like tweaking modprobe options, but that didn't help either. I suspect the problem (at least for me) may be that the Linux Intel wifi drivers don't like some settings on the router/AP side, even though the Windows drivers work fine.


Reinstalled Ubuntu 12.04 and now I cannot change preferences like theme, wallpaper, and nautilus preferences

A simpler solution (if anybody look at this thread):

Create a new user
Log in with the new user and try to change your desktop settings or whatever you need to change (don't use many programs, only the necessary ones). If everything works, then logout.
Log in with your old user and launch gksudo nautilus in terminal (ctrl+alt+t). If gksudo is not found you might want to install it by sudo apt-get install gksu.
Look at the property and rights of folders created in your new user (right click->properties) and compare it with the property and rights of the same folders in your older home/user
If you find that a folder in the new home is owned by the new user, but in your older home is not owned by your older user, change the ownership to your older user.

Extra: If you cannot change property in nautilus, use sudo chown -R <olderusername>:<Olderusergroup> <directorytochange>

I hope this could be helpful.

Best regards.

(Sorry for my english)


Ubuntu 20.04 GNOME 3.36 - Remove terminal window titlebar buttons

You can disable the CSD (client side decoration) a.k.a. the headerbar, and thus revert to the SSD (server side decoration), the traditional behavior.

In order to do so, open dconf-editor, navigate to /org/gnome/terminal/legacy and set headerbar to false. Then restart gnome-terminal.


cp .* /home/name erased all files in /home/name

Using glob characters like * should be done very carefully and you should know how they are expanded by your shell and passed to your command as arguments.

* will expand to include files and directories under current directory.

.* will expand to include current directory . and the directory one level up ...

.[a-z]* will expand to include hidden files/directories in current directory with first lower case letter in their names.

To see, for example, how .* will be expanded on your system run set -x then run:
ls .*

or alternatively use echo to print the expanded list like so:
echo .*

or use readlink -f to get the full path of the expanded list like so:
readlink -f .*


Is Error Recovery Control or TLER necessary for software RAID5 using LVM

No.  The whole TLER thing is for stupid hardware raid cards that drop the drive if it does not respond quickly.  Software raid does not suffer from such foolishness.


How to add . in @INC in perl in ubuntu desktop 18.0.4

Put this in the BEGIN section of your script:

push(@INC, ".");


Windows 7 does not boot after I installed ubuntu on a second drive

There is no problems with windows 7 installation. You just press and hold Shift during loading grub. For permanent change edit your /etc/default/grub file and place a # at the start of the line GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0. Save changes and run sudo update-grub to apply changes.

Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2


Two vertical monitors: Connecting to VNC host without any monitors

Perhaps one needs at least one active display to run that?

This is likely because the system is running in a headless mode and has no X Display server running. You can install xvfb which is the "X Server Virtual Frame Buffer"

sudo apt install xvfb

Then you can create a virtual frame buffer:

Xvfb :1 -screen 0 800x600x16

You should be able to start a VNC server on that machine using various servers, including:

x11vnc -display :1


I had the same problem and found a fix over on launchpad. Basically, you have to make a few edits to some of the gwibber python scripts. Here's a copy of the instructions:

  File /usr/share/gwibber/plugins/twitter/gtk/twitter/init.py

  Line 78 and 144 - Needs to be "https" where it states "http"

  File /usr/share/gwibber/plugins/twitter/init.py

  Line 401 - Needs to be "https" where it states "http"

The fix will probably show up in the an ubuntu update at some point.


Samsung T3, T5 and now also T7 SSD are NOT compatible with Linux, if encrypted
The proprietary unlock software only comes for Mac or Windows
I tried a long time to unlock an encrypted drive in Linux, even manually by capturing raw USB unlock commands in windows and then attempting to replay in Linux but it is more difficult than I imagined and failed to unlock in Linux. The only solution was a virtual machine which is EXTREMELY annoying Samsung!
I already asked Samsung to release Linux software.
SAMSUNG IF YOU ARE READING, we need T5 / T7 unlock software for Debian/Ubuntu, hurry up already. seriously, this is not good enough. I will start buying m2 drives and using my own custom m2 external case if you dont fix this.
Drive only works on Linux if it is not set to encrypted, which is mostly useless.


A Wubi install is the same as a normal dual boot, except for a few key differences - it uses a virtual disk and it boots differently. Brightness settings will not act any differently.

When you install from a CD or USB it does not detect the Wubi install, and it makes no difference to what the installer sees. If it only offers to replace Windows7 it probably means you have used 4 primary partitions already - the maximum on an disk with a MBR partition table. Some computers are shipped with all 4 primary partitions already allocated e.g. HP computers. You best option then is to backup the contents and then delete one of these partitions.

From the Wubi install you can go to a terminal and run sudo fdisk -l (that's a lower case -L) and then edit your question with the result. That should show what's going on.


Cannot login after turn on Window spread in Unity Tweak Tool

Press CtrlAltF1 to switch to console (tty1)
Login
Check the running dbus-deamon

ps aux | grep dbus-deamon

Set X display & dbus address variables

export DISPLAY=:0
export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-bN5xD2OA1Y

/tmp/dbus-bN5xD2OA1Y set as example, copy your own from previous step.
Run this to get the enabled Compiz plug-ins

dconf read /org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/core/active-plugins

Output should be something like:

['core', 'composite', 'opengl', 'compiztoolbox', 'grid', 'wall', 'vpswitch', 'snap', 'mousepoll', 'copytex', 'commands', 'place', 'move', 'regex', 'resize', 'imgpng', 'unitymtgrabhandles', 'session', 'animation', 'fade', 'expo', 'workarounds', 'ezoom', 'unityshell', 'scale']

Then this after you remove scale plug-in the for window spread, example:

dconf write /org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/core/active-plugins "['core', 'composite', 'opengl', 'compiztoolbox', 'grid', 'wall', 'vpswitch', 'snap', 'mousepoll', 'copytex', 'commands', 'place', 'move', 'regex', 'resize', 'imgpng', 'unitymtgrabhandles', 'session', 'animation', 'fade', 'expo', 'workarounds', 'ezoom', 'unityshell']"

However, I noticed from your output in chat that you have gnome compatibility plugin enabled 'gnomecompat', which is not compatible with unity plugin. (from a previous experience, it make unity crash)
Press CtrlAltF7 to switch to back to GUI console (tty7)

Note: As retyping such long command in terminal is error prune, I wrote a script to do same instructions

wget -O au_699540.sh http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=swuzDuJ3
chmod +x au_699540.sh
./au_699540.sh

I don't want to make it long for you. There is another quick trick but it has a drawback. It will reset all your user settings stored in dconf database (This includes Unity, Gnome & Some GTK apps)

sudo rm ~/.config/dconf/user


How can I find out the EXACT storage space of my USB drive?

Use df -B1 in terminal to show disk size in bytes. It will output list of all disk partitions including your usb.To narrow it down, use df -B1 /dev/sdXY where X and Y are characteristic number and letter of your USB's device

Here's an example with 500 MB USB drive I have (and yes, it is old):

$ df -B 1 /dev/sdc1
Filesystem     1B-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdc1      501760000 4358144 497401856   1% /media/xieerqi/HEXMEX

$ df -H /dev/sdc1
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdc1       502M  4.4M  498M   1% /media/xieerqi/HEXMEX

Where you see the 1B-blocks part that's the total size, and Available part well . . .obviously the available space on disk

And if you're not a fan of command-line utilities, you can always use the Disks utility. Simply open the Unity Dash, search for Disks, and open the application. Below is example with that same 500 MB USB, where exact size in Bytes is given in parenthesis at the top


How to switch from metacity to compiz permanently?

You can run gconf-editor, then navigate to /desktop/gnome/session/required_components and change window-manager from metacity to compiz.

Before.

After.

If that does not work, try using compiz --replace as the value. If that still does not work, then add compiz --replace to your startup applications.


Ways to install programs in large clusters

If you're open to installing the software on the clients (laptops) and not only on the master, there are some IT automation solutions you could try.

To quickly install software on a wide range of machines, you can use Ansibe (here is a tutorial). As you have already set up SSH, this should be relatively easy. A great advantage of this approach is that you don't have to log in to every client; you can do all the work from one system.

You could also try Puppet, which is a configuration management tool (see here for a tutorial). This will help you ensure that all configuration settings are shared between machines. Note that Puppet is not that easy to set up and might be overkill for this case.


How do I submit a patch to a Launchpad project?

Is it a Launchpad project?

(If you already know that it is a Launchpad project, you can skip this.)

Not all projects found on Launchpad are actually hosted and developed there - some are mirrors of code hosted elsewhere (GitHub/Gitorious/etc), others come from Debian. These original sources are known as "upstream" projects, and it is usually best to submit patches at the source and let the changes arrive "downstream" in Ubuntu (usually in the next release).

It should be clearly indicated on the project page whether it is hosted elsewhere or on Launchpad. If not, just ask the project maintainers how they wish to receive changes. Some upstream projects prefer simple patch files, others prefer submissions/pushes via their respective hosts.

As a special note, official Ubuntu packages (software stored in the official Ubuntu repositories that you can install from the Software Center) have a few different ways to submit patches, as many of those packages come directly from Debian, and should ideally be fixed there rather than only in Ubuntu. (This is a whole other question.)

How to submit a patch

The general way to submit a patch is that you make your branch, commit to it locally and push it back to Launchpad:

bzr push lp:~user/project/branch-name

You can then propose your branch to merge into the parent you branched from, either via the web site, or using the bzr lp-propose command.

If you've filed a bug, and your branch does fix it, be sure to do the following when committing, where 000000 is replaced with your bug number, assuming it is a bug reported on Launchpad, and not elsewhere instead.

bzr commit --fixes=lp:000000

A note on "default" workflow

This is pretty much the typical modern workflow, that you may compare to GitHub. Launchpad has been around a bit longer though, so this workflow evolved after the fact, rather than being built into the system from the beginning, so some older projects may rely on other methods of accepting patches. Most all newer projects rely on this workflow though, where on GitHub the "pull requests" have always been there, and people just default to using it because there was never a means to do something different on GitHub.