Which default.list should I modify for default applications and what are the differences between the two?

First thing:

/usr/share/applications/defaults.list

is a symbolic link to

/etc/gnome/defaults.list

Second thing:

"*.desktop" files contains in it the mime-types that the program supports. So if "miro" application can handle "audio/x-vorbis+ogg" mime-type files, "miro.desktop" should contain this mime-type in it. Then "miro" application will appear as a candidate to run this mime-type files.

Third thing:

If there are more than one application supporting the same mime-type, you can decide which one will be used by default just including it at "/usr/share/applications/defaults.list", so in this case just replace:

audio/x-vorbis+ogg=rhythmbox.desktop

with:

audio/x-vorbis+ogg=miro.desktop

It CANNOT be two "defaults" applications.


You are able to launch Android Studio, which indicates that you're fine on the Java front.

Android Studio itself, however, may have trouble finding the Android SDK.  You need to create a file called local.properties and place it in the root of your project, with contents like this

sdk.dir=/home/jodii/programs/androisdkfolder

After that, Gradle should read your build.gradle file and install the missing libraries.


Two touchpads in xinput (No kinetic, Smooth scrolling)

I solved my problem,

basically synaptic drivers was smoother in scrolling on my dell-inspiron 5378. So I installed synaptic drivers by using

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

after the installation and rebooting my keyboard didn't work so I needed to install input devices again by using

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-all

After installing these two reboot your laptop and Everything will work just fine.

Note: If you have a problem in Natural horizontal scrolling after implementing synaptic drivers, you can use

synclient

to see the value of HorizScrollDelta and make it as negative by using command down below. ex: if HorizScrollDelta=28 then

synclient HorizScrollDelta=-28

Add it as a startup command whenever you boot.

If you didn't see any affects of synclient. you can use

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

and add

# remove SynPS/2 Synaptics Touchpad because we want the mouse to work over IC2b
blacklist psmouse

save it and exit. In the terminal use

sudo update-initramfs -u

to apply the changes and then reboot.

Sources:

keyboard not working fix

synclient not working

synaptic touchpad drivers  install

Horizontal natural scrolling enable


Delivery of Ubuntu 14.10 installation media to clients

According to Canocical Store - CDs and DVDs only 14.04 is available as a CD/DVD for delivery at the time of this answer.
The only way to obtain Ubuntu 14.10 is to download, from Get Ubuntu.
Ubuntu is free to obtain (minus distribution costs), About the Ubuntu project.
You can purchase support packages, Ubuntu Advantage


Office365 does not work with Wine (nor PlayOnLinux). You can get the older versions working, such as Office 2007 and Office 2010, but that’s about it.
There are generally two options available for people who want to use the Office tools on Linux:

Try to install them via CrossOver, a paid application that claims to run Microsoft software well on multiple platforms
Use the web version of Office 365

I’ve been doing the second option for a couple of years now with increasing success. If you run the online version from the Edge beta, you’ll find that everything “just works” for the most part, with only an occasional need to Ctrl+R.
While this isn’t the answer you’re looking for, I hope it helps


Ubuntu 18.04 can't make it to sign in after encryption

It's a known bug of the proprietary Nvidia driver (so not really an Ubuntu problem, you should probably talk to Nvidia about it...).

The problem is that somehow the driver needs acces to show the splash screen before the disk is decrypted.

The workaround to still use nvidia proprietary driver + full disk encryption is to disable the splash screen, as reported here in the bug on Launchpad.

  open /etc/default/grub
  and change
  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
  in the [file] to
  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
  and
  sudo update-grub


I can't find the sstp VPN packages with Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

The following worked on 16.04 LTS: I ran the commands below

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:eivnaes/network-manager-sstp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install network-manager-sstp
sudo apt-get install sstp-client

I then opened network connections with

nm-connection-editor

and I was able to set up a VPN from there.


Should I use /etc/skel or /etc/profile.d for a Custom Live CD?

The correct folder is /etc/skel

Anything in that folder will be copied on boot to the live user home folder.

If making a custom Live CD, you can simply use cp -r /home/yourusername/. /etc/skel/

Adding the . after the yourusername/ ensures that .hidden folders are copied too.


Resolution wrong in 16.04 installed in Mac OS X

Parallels is a virtualization software. Like others the hardware support is given by the virtualization tools.

Go to Virtual Machine then Install Parallels Tools and when it is done reboot the VM.

Source


I don't know for sure why GRUB failed to install on your hard-drive, but it may happen in some cases if there's not enough space between the MBR and the first partition. GRUB2 usually requires a little bit more than 30KiB but sometimes it needs more. This is especially true in RAID installations.

Assuming Windows resides on the first partition at the beginning of the disk, I suggest you move your Windows partition about 64K to the right and I believe that GRUB will be able to install on your MBR.

From the information above I'm unable to tell what is the reason for your partition table being corrupted, but it could be related.

Hope this helps.


error :while loading shared libraries: libX11-xcb.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

I've got vscode running under the newer wsl2 on ubuntu, but I'm not sure if its advisable - vscode seems to be pushing you to run vscode in windows and use a wsl2 in a terminal tab.

Also vscode started the windows is a bit 'soft' i.e. fuzzy.

If you really want to give it a try then you'll need to install the dependencies.  The line below is actually the dependencies for 'xclock' which is a simpler app to test whether your X11/DISPLAY is set up

sudo apt install --assume-yes libx11-xcb1 libasound2 x11-apps libice6 libsm6 libxaw7 libxft2 libxmu6 libxpm4 libxt6 x11-apps xbitmaps

vscode certainly requires the 'libx11-xcb1 libasound2' dependencies above.

You'll also need an X11 server running e.g. you'll need to install and start:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/vcxsrv/

There are a few gotchas - e.g. X11 security (if you are very naughty, you can disable this when starting xcxsrv) and also remember to set the

export DISPLAY=<your windows ip>:0

in wsl2 and then run your app e.g.
    xclock

I think I read somewhere that wsl2 does not yet share the same network stack so localhost in windows is not the same as localhost in wsl2 this means that 'export DISPLAY :0' doesn't work and you have to put your windows ip before :

Some further details here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZSYi8bivxA


Multi monitor on a Macbook Pro Retina 11,3 (Late 2013) with NVIDIA

On My Macbook Pro Retina 11,3 (Late 2013)

Graphics Switching:
It's  somewhat different for the new Retina Macbooks. On older models if you booted in EFI, both cards would be exposed and you could use a tool like switcheroo to enable/disable one of them.
Now by default if EFI does not detect an Mac operatingsystem being booted  , only the Nvidia card will be exposed to your operating system as show by running lspci.

There are some grub patches to set_os to Apple to allow showing both cards, but they are not in mainline of even Ubuntu 14.04 yet.

Multi Monitor:

Nouveau: Works out of the box with Ubuntu 14.04 when using displayport, but only if I plug in the adapter before booting.
Nvidia: Works just fine.

BatteryTime
Battery indicator reported 6-7 hours for me

Hotness
Does not feel particularly hot compared to old 15" Macbook i7 Models, but I have mainly tested it with surfing

Since its still beta i will update this post as things progress.


Bash script to extract and convert subtitles

very simple and effective oneliner i use to convert subtitles:

for i in *.ass ; do ffmpeg -i "$i" "$i.srt" ; done

just change ass and srt according to your needs.


Higher resolutions unavailable with 2.6.38-8 kernel

No guarantees, but you might try installing the latest kernel from the Kernel PPA; I have an Intel video system, but that fixed several problems I had. Check out:
https://launchpad.net/~kernel-ppa/+archive/ppa


How to display disk password prompt on all screens?

Since a week or so (end of May 2018) Plymouth password prompt displays on all screens as expected. So for now, the solution is to install updates. I don't know which update specifically fixed this.


Ok, it seems the problem is solved. What i did whas instsall libgles-mesa-dev-lts-raring instead. I do not know if this is the proper solution, but it's working now.


Solved.

my mistake

nbc-server "-r" option is read-only. ..

remove "-r" and mount -o loop correctly operates


Keep the titlebar of Nautilus in Gnome Shell when maximized

installing this extension ignore_request_hide_titlebar worked.


Can I install the VirtualBox Extension Pack from the Ubuntu repositories?

This assumes virtualbox is already installed.

I looked at the source of the virtualbox-ext-pack package in Ubuntu and I found some gems. I did the following which is a variation on what that package does in a script I am using:

VBOXVERSION=$(VBoxManage --version | sed -r 's/([0-9])\.([0-9])\.([0-9]{1,2}).*/\1.\2.\3/')
wget -q -N "http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/$VBOXVERSION/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-$VBOXVERSION.vbox-extpack"
VBoxManage extpack install --replace Oracle*.vbox-extpack

This was on Debian Jessie, but I am quite confident it would work the same on almost any flavor of Linux, possibly Unix too.


How to disable Ctrl+Alt+S in Ubuntu 18.04?

Open a terminal, and run the following command:

dconf-editor /org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/toggle-shaded

Turn off the "Use default value" toggle. Then replace the "Custom value" field with []. Then click the blue checkbox (save button) and close the window.


Can't change my mac address - can't assign requested address

03:a0:04:d3:00:11 is not an unicast address as the first octet needs to be even. Look at the image below to understand it better. This image is from Wikipedia - MAC address page

so put instead 02:a0:04:d3:00:11 for example


how to switch workspaces in Ubuntu 16.04?

Solved: Just go to System settings - Apparence - Behaviors, check the 'Enable Workspaces" button.


Where can I find logs regarding the user creation?

When you have created a new user look in /var/log/auth.log; the details are in there. I just created new user jim by running sudo adduser jim, for example, and this is at the end of auth.log (I have removed the date and host name from the start of the log):

 sudo: mike : TTY=pts/2 ; PWD=/home/mike ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/sbin/adduser jim
 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by mike(uid=1000)
 groupadd[1731]: group added to /etc/group: name=jim, GID=1001
 groupadd[1731]: group added to /etc/gshadow: name=jim
 groupadd[1731]: new group: name=jim, GID=1001
 useradd[1735]: new user: name=jim, UID=1001, GID=1001, home=/home/jim, shell=/bin/bash
 passwd[1742]: pam_unix(passwd:chauthtok): password changed for jim
 passwd[1742]: gkr-pam: couldn't update the login keyring password: no old password was entered chfn[1743]: changed user 'jim' information
 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root

This particular log is very useful as it records all use of elevated privileges such as creating a user, running Synaptic, etc, and also notes who has done it.


Problems posting notifications from bash script started from cron (KDE)

I've seen other people been successful setting DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS or XDG_RUNTIME_DIR.
I had a try locally and these works fine here.
* * * * * DISPLAY=:0 DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/run/user/$(id -u)/bus /tmp/test.sh

or
* * * * * DISPLAY=:0 XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$(id -u) /tmp/test.sh


I can't seem to understand how partitions work, and I don't know how much is dedicated to each OS in my computer

Windows doesn't understand linux partitions, so it doesn't show them in the file manager. If you open windows's partition manager (which I forgot how to access) you will see all the partitions.

You have 3 primary partitions: /dev/sda1, /dev/sda3, /dev/sda4

/dev/sda4 is an extended partition, it is divided up into 4 logical partitions: /dev/sda5, /dev/sda6, /dev/sda7 and /dev/sda8.

You just have to resize those partitions with gparted and take the unallocated space. E.g make /dev/sda8 bigger by extending it to the left until /dev/sda6.

You can also delete any partition, but as your error message said, you have to first unmount the partitions which have a higher logical number. That means that while /dev/sda8 is mounted you can't delete /dev/sda5. The easiest thing when you have to manipulate the partitions is to just boot up a live CD and start gparted there and do your job, because in a live session none of your partitions on the HDD are mounted.


Why is 'ppa-purge' not installed by default?

Software that is included by default on the CD/ISO is generally expected to be useful to normal users doing normal use cases.

Generally PPA's are meant for development and testing, not regular end user consumption as there's never a guarantee that anything in a PPA is tested and working:

Are PPA's safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?

If a user is using a PPA then the extra step of adding ppa purge isn't really that much more effort as that person should already understand the risks of using PPAs; that and  it's easy to find in the archive already. Sort of like how we don't ship a compiler by default; the people who know they need it know how to install it already.

add-apt-repository can remove a repository with the -r switch, but all this does is remove the repository, it doesn't roll back the packages to the prior version like ppapurge does.

That being said, I've not seen anyone ask for ppa purge to be installed by default as it is. As far as adding an alias, you should file a bug about that.


Deciding Partitions and Sizes on Ubuntu 11.10 (dual-boot Windows 7)

OK first of all use ext4 filesystem

next

'/' 5GB perfect (could be increased to 10GB if a number of different softwares need to   be  installed)
swap partition do it as follows it should be between 25% to 50% of your RAM size.
/tmp and /var don't make any partitions let them be integrated within /
(or as you wish)
/home must be a separate partition as this will be handy in case of system upgrade
(again size depends on you)
Shared drive as you wish (NTFS is the best option)


How to store samba (cifs) password securely?

It looks like (if your local password is the same as your windows password) password protected mounting can be realized via pam_mount.

Typical for PAM The password is obtained at logon and then used for mounting later. Not sure if this fulfills your requirements, though.


How to make caps-lock an additional ctrl?

From one of my previous answer, there is a few change:

Install gnome-tweak-tool

sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Start gnome-tweaks

gnome-tweaks

Go to Keyboard & mouse -> Additional Layout Options (refered as Options supplémentaires d'agencement on my screenshot) -> CapsLock Behavior
Change CapsLock from Deleted to CapsLock is also Ctrl

Change CapsLock from Desativated to CapsLock is also Ctrl (refered as Verr. maj. est également Ctrl on my screenshot)

This is the GUI way, using gnome-tweak-tool, I don't know if it fits your goal


Keystrokes are not grabbed by VirtualBox on guest machine

for the super key to work you need to press it twice - the first key press is caught by Ubuntu, the second one gets through to the guest OS.
ALT+TAB might require the VM to be in full-screen mode


Why do I need a strong password for my Ubuntu user account?

The reasons to have a strong password are multiple. You can use Google in this sense. I will only note that:

Choosing a good password will help to keep your computer safe. If your password is easy to guess, someone may figure it out and gain access to your personal information.
People could even use computers to systematically try to guess your password, so even one that would be difficult for a human to guess might be extremely easy for a computer program to crack.

Even so, Ubuntu does not force you to use a strong password. By default, Ubuntu requires a minimum password length of 6 characters, but, assuming that no one else has physical access to your computer and assuming that you don't run any unusual services, you can turn off all the password prompts or you can enable auto-login or you can set a short password on Ubuntu.

Regarding the second question, I can say that I find it aberrant. So no, you didn't heard well.


How long does it take for PPAs to get rebuild? Is it automatic?

If a ppa is available for a specific Ubuntu version depends on the maintainer, it is not done automatically. If the application is compatible with the latest version, it is a simple action (for the maintainer).

If the application is maintained actively, it will be a matter of time, the application will be tested and possibly changed a bit. Since both Vivid and Trusty are based on the same Debian version, many applications will work unchanged.

You could file a bug as a request. In many cases, for the time being, you could use possibly available .deb installers, e.g. for master-pdf-editor that you mention (that is: if you trust the source), or you can create a .deb installer from a tarball


How to quickly get the reason for the most recent update of a package from the command-line?

A simple way to check why a package has been updated is to check its changelog.

apt-get changelog pkgname

For example, here is the current changelog for openssh-client

$ apt-get changelog openssh-client

openssh (1:5.9p1-5ubuntu1.8) precise-security; urgency=medium

  * SECURITY UPDATE: information leak and overflow in roaming support
    - debian/patches/CVE-2016-077x.patch: completely disable roaming option
      in readconf.c.
    - CVE-2016-0777
    - CVE-2016-0778

 -- Marc Deslauriers <marc.deslauriers@ubuntu.com>  Wed, 13 Jan 2016 10:49:17 -0500

openssh (1:5.9p1-5ubuntu1.7) precise-security; urgency=medium

...


Using my AMD Radeon™ HD 8750M Graphics in 13.04

Download the latest BETA drivers from the AMD website. Here's a link

Extract the file somewhere in your Home folder and make the file executable:

chmod +x amd_xxxxx.run

Then:

sudo ./amd_xxxxx.run

Install the drivers following an automatic setup. After the installation is complete make sure you run this command before restarting:

sudo aticonfig --initial

Restart you laptop and the ATI Catalyst drivers should be installed and working.

Remember that these are BETA drivers so you may encounter some issues. For more information about the drivers read here


Why my GPU resources unused when running games?

I had a similar issue where games would refuse to run on the nVidia GPU, and would only run on the Intel HD Gfx. Not only that, but Optimus is buggy on *nix, and tends to have endless issues. There should be a way to force it to run on the nVidia GPU, but I forget how exactly I did it, as my install has a mesh of 340 and 390, as that's the only way it works. (don't even ask how, I honestly don't know how I did it.)


chmod u+x program_name. Then execute it.

If that does not work, copy the program from the USB device to a native volume on the system. Then chmod u+x program_name on the local copy and execute that.

Unix and Unix-like systems generally will not execute a program unless it is marked with permission to execute. The way you copied the file from one system to another (or mounted an external volume) may have turned off execute permission (as a safety feature). The command chmod u+x name adds permission for the user that owns the file to execute it.

That command only changes the permissions associated with the file; it does not change the security controls associated with the entire volume. If it is security controls on the volume that are interfering with execution, then you can remount the volume with options to allow execution. However, copying the file to a local volume may be a quicker and easier solution.


Why does Shotwell have the X & Y positions inverted when using crop

Cyrex -- Shotwell uses height x width as is standard for photo sizes, as fluteflute mentioned.  Currently, Shotwell limits the crop ratio to a series of pre-defined sizes for printing.

However, in the upcoming Shotwell 0.10 we've decided to remove that limitation.  In the meantime, you can always right click on the photo and select Open With External Editor to perform the crop in another program.


Toggle horizontal, vertical and full window maximization within Unity?

In the General Compiz Options - Keybindings are the toggle options you require.
Note - ALT+F5, ALT+F6 & ALT+F7 are generally bound to other functions -
CTRL+F5, CTRL+F6 and CTRL+F7 are good substitutes....
Warning: What are some of the issues with CCSM and why would I want to avoid it?


How do I rename a directory via the command line?


My hardware MAC address is always 00:00:00:00:00:00 until I manually update 'eth0'. How can I fix this?

Could you clarify exactly what you mean when you say that your MAC is 00:00:00:00:00:00.

What happens when you open the menu for Unity's Network Indicator, select Edit Connections, and then click on the Edit button for the Wired connection?

Do you see 00:00:00:00:00:00 as the only possible value for Device MAC address? (See example in the third (last) screenshot below.)

For whatever it is worth, the contents of my NetworkManager.conf file differs from yours. I do not have the entry no-auto-default=00:00:00:00:00:00,.

[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
dns=dnsmasq

[ifupdown]
managed=false

Below is an excerpt from the online documentation for the NetworkManager configuration file describing no-auto-default.

  Set devices for which NetworkManager  shouldn't  create  default wired
  connection  (Auto eth0). NetworkManager creates a default wired
  connection for  any  wired  device  that  is  managed  and doesn't
  have  a  connection  configured.  List a device in this option to
  inhibit  creating  the  default  connection  for  the device.

I am not sure that the no-auto-default entry is the cause of your problem. But you could still try the following just to rule it out.

Create a backup copy of the file. One way to do this would be by using the copy command below.

cd /etc/NetworkManager
sudo cp NetworkManager.conf NetworkManager.conf.backup

Use a text editor, for example gedit, to edit NetworkManager.conf and delete the no-auto-default line to see if it makes a difference.

sudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf


How do I  Install Drivers for an ALFA AWUS036NHR?

The instructions probably reference the make or ./configure commands.  Unfortunately, if the drivers are not already in Ubuntu, you have to make, or build-from-source the drivers, and then continue to follow the installation instructions they provide you within the driver files.  I'd follow their instructions, including running make and installing the driver files per their instructions, because the drivers will need to be build before being usable.


Pen Drive not reading after formatting-Permission denied

This problem can occur sometimes

Step 1: Press Ctrl Alt t to open  terminal. Step 2: Connect the USB and go to /media/<user> where <user> is your user name. Paste the command in the terminal

cd /media/devananda

Step 3: Type ls -al and see if the USB mount point is owned by root.

Step 4: If it is owned by `root, then, type

sudo chown [username]:[username] [mount point]

and enter your password when asked


Using a proprietary Dell keyboard key for something else

Ubuntu comes with a tool, xev, that provides information on keys you press and release. You will see information on "Keypress events" and "Keyrelease events" when you hit a key that is recognized and managed by the operating system.
If it is a key that directly talks to the hardware, you will see nothing while hitting it. Otherwise, you will be able to bind a command to it using Settings - Keyboard shortcuts in standard Ubuntu, or tools like xbindkeys.


Environment variables should be set in either /etc/environment or /etc/profile, or their equivalent per-user files ~/.pam_environment or ~/.profile. Since you've checked /etc/environment and ~/.profile, check /etc/profile (and note that it sources files in /etc/profile.d/). There's no ~/.pam_environment by default.

If the bad PATH gets set by bash, you can start bash as an interactive login shell, with xtrace enabled, bash -xil, to help pinpoint the place where it happens.

EDIT: With more useful output and pipe to less:

PS4='+ $BASH_SOURCE:$LINENO: ' bash -xilc '' 2>&1 | less


Moving files to a different folder, ignore the existing files

Per the mv man page, the '-n' flag will not overwrite existing files:

-n, --no-clobber
          do not overwrite an existing file


I had the same problem. While searching for a fix I came across the issue on gitlab https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/31389 and there someone suggested installing the roboto font on the system.

  apt install fonts-roboto*

fixed it for me.

Why does gnome and firefox think that font is installed is another bug I guess. Hope this helps.


Why does ubuntu 12.04 LTS provide samba4 alpha?

The Samba package (even in Ubuntu 13.04) points at Samba version 3 (specifically 3.6 in 12.04), so a user looking to install Samba would install version 3 of the software (as well as would any software that depended on Samba).

The samba4 package has been available in Ubuntu since at least as far back as 10.04 (older versions are no longer supported, so a package search doesn't show results from them). For various good reasons packages aren't removed from the repositories (there are cases where this happens, usually when the package ceases to exist), and surely wouldn't be removed for an LTS release only to be readded later.

Further, to install Samba version 4, a user would have to specifically look for and install the samba4 package.

Lastly, samba4 (even in 13.04) is in the Universe repository, and as such is not supported at all by Canonical. So from a business standpoint, Samba 4 being available in 12.04 is irrelevant.

From https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu

  Universe - Community maintained software, i.e. not officially
  supported software.


Try following command:
rfkill list all

If it's Blocked, then run following command:
rfkill unblock all

This command is used to Unblock Wi-Fi & Bluetooth peripheral devices if they are Soft/Hard blocked by Ubuntu & unable to operate from any S/W switches.


Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS won't update libc6 to 2.15-0ubuntu10.10

If your on a 64 bit system check out This Launchpad and you will find the .deb you need there. If x86 im sure we can find that too if needed.

Edit: also a package search shows Trusty has 2.19-0Ubuntu6.4 and Utopic has 2.19-10Ubuntu2.1

Edit2: This Launchpad has the needed libc-bin


Error upon booting Ubuntu in Virtualbox - SMBus error

See here

Same problem at my installation, VirtualBox 4.3.18 and Ubuntu 14.04, and I managed to solve it following instructions at given link.


Chrome crashes with segmentation fault in Ubuntu 18.04

Fixed my problem!

After trying numerous things, finally decided to play around with the hardware. I switched my RAM for another chip and that fixed my problem. It looks like the old RAM was physically damaged.


Why does Ubuntu 13.10 still not include MariaDB?

This is not an authoritative answer about the "Why's MariaDB isn't included in Ubuntu", but insights into the general process about how software is included into Ubuntu.

  What is the reason 13.10 still does not include MariaDB?

Software included in Ubuntu is introduced using two ways:

Imported from Debian (Upstream)
Introduced by the developers into the main Ubuntu archive.

As you can see, first depends of another distribution work and second of the developer of said program. Of course, in the second case could be a maintainer that decided to prepare MariaDB for Ubuntu and submitted their source code.

Either way, it requires "someone" to do the work. This is the case of the packages included in the so called "multiverse" and "universe" repositories.

So, the exact reason why MariaDB isn't included into Ubuntu "main" repository?

The most likely reason is because Debian is undergoing the process to add MariaDB into their main repository and Ubuntu maintainers don't want duplicated efforts.

The bug/wish to include MariaDB into Debian can be followed here. There is also a master plan about what the mariadb package should do, and what functions should include.


Trying to find where redirect on apache server is happening

You probably figured out by now, but here a couple of tips:

First one, check that you don't have some .htaccess doing the redirection
(you already did that)
Make a grep -R wordpress on the /etc/apache2/ directory, to see if you find some redirection
Very important: Erase the cache of your browser! Or use a different one :)

Here is someone else who had a similar problem.

So, for versions before 2.4, add:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteLog "/var/log/apache2/rewrite.log"
RewriteLogLevel 3

to the apache.conf file. And for newer ones, just:

LogLevel alert rewrite:trace6


System Monitor display squares instead of characters

I removed it and reinstalled it via the Software Center and that fixed it.


Audio doesn't work in HDMI in Lubuntu 14.04

Following command to install the pulse audio volume control

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pavucontrol

do a search for the app or execute pavucontrol. This is not the same as the volume control on your panel.

You will have more control over card selection and assigning devices. Also, sometimes unplugging and plugging the HDMI back in automatically toggles it into a working state.


Your Plex repository entry is outdated. Download the new package from the Plex site and install it.

If you can't do that for some reason, update it manually. I checked the Ubuntu package for Plex (current version: 0.9.9.14.531-7eef8c6). They may have used http://plexapps.com as their repository in the past, but at some point they swicthed to a different mirror. The contents of the sources.list.d list file in the package is:

deb http://plex.r.worldssl.net/PlexMediaServer/ubuntu-repo lucid main

Presumably both repositories were active for some time, but now the first one isn't. You should disable the first and enable the new one:

sudo mv $(grep -l 'www.plexapp.com' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list){,.bak}
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/plexmediaserver.list <<EOF
deb http://plex.r.worldssl.net/PlexMediaServer/ubuntu-repo lucid main
EOF

This should fix your problem with Plex.

NOTE: It seems they use lucid for all Ubuntu packages. So do not take that as an indication that the packages are meant only for Ubuntu 10.04.


Follow these steps;

wget -q -O - http://archive.getdeb.net/getdeb-archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu trusty-getdeb apps" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb.list'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pycharm

Then

sudo apt-get purge openjdk*
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer


Can't get the Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 working on my comp

Cadence
Definitely try Cadence from KX Studio ... worked for me in similar circumstances.
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuStudioPreparation (instructions plus more features)
Open a Terminal window (Ctrl+Alt+T)
install the very basics :
sudo apt-get install vlc ubuntu-restricted-extras ubuntustudio-menu cdrdao

Install needed tools
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common wget

Enable KXStudio repo (press 'Enter' once asked)
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kxstudio-debian/kxstudio

Update software sources
sudo apt-get update

Install kxstudio-repos
sudo apt-get install kxstudio-repos

Update software sources again
sudo apt-get update

Then download the Cadence binary from http://kxstudio.linuxaudio.org/Applications:Cadence  (bottom of the site)
In Cadence, make sure to select your sound card in Configure< Driver< Device.  (I also Start the ALSA Midi and PulseAudio JACK Bridges)
I hope that works.


How do I get prompted for a hostname in a preseed?

Found the answer myself.

I removed netcfg/get_hostname=install from the pxe boot line


If you downloaded the .deb via a browser it should be in \home\<user name>\Downloads, cd to that location:

cd /path/
sudo dpkg -i <name of file>.deb

If it shows broken packages or missing dependancies follow on-screen instructions.

In response to below comments, seems like the .deb file just adds a repository but does not install the nordvpn package.So you need to run

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nordvpn

as well to actually install it which wasn't clear to me.

Check for these two lines for a successful addition when apt update is run:

Get: https://repo.nordvpn.com/deb/nordvpn/debian stable/main amd64 Packages [3,298 B]
Get: https://repo.nordvpn.com/deb/nordvpn/debian stable/main i386 Packages [3,298 B]

Seems like the .deb failed to add the contents to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nordvpn.list, so here are they

deb [arch=amd64] http://repo.nordvpn.com/deb/nordvpn/debian stable main
deb [arch=i386 ] http://repo.nordvpn.com/deb/nordvpn/debian stable main

Steps:

cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
sudo nano nordvpn.list

Add the above contents exactly as they are without any "#" at start or end in a blank line.

Runsudo apt update then and sudo apt install nordvpn


How can I upgrade nginx after adding ppa:nginx/development?

Stable and development PPAs contain exactly the same version, so there's nothing to upgrade. See:

https://launchpad.net/~nginx/+archive/stable
https://launchpad.net/~nginx/+archive/development

You can remove stable source, nginx will be upgraded once there's newer package in development PPA.

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:nginx/stable
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get remove nginx* && sudo apt-get install nginx


How do I change the font or the font size in the TTY (console)?

To adjust the font/font-size used for the TTY, run sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup, which will guide you through the steps to choose a font and font-size:

Choose the default UTF-8, and press Tab to go highlight OK and then press Enter to go to the next step. (You can press it again and highlight Cancel to go back.)

Choose the default Combined - Latin, ... option ("Latin" includes the English alphabet) and proceed to step 3:

Select the font - be sure to read the notes above on the visual effect different fonts can have:

Select the font size:

Now you will exit console-setup; as the displayed message says, the new settings will be effective after reboot. To apply immediately, open a TTY and run setupcon.


Order in startup application preferences

You can delay one of the startup applications by adding -p 10 after their entry in the list. This will cause a 10 second delay before it starts. Change the value to get the result you need.


Close Chromium
Install the Pepper Flash package with this command:

sudo apt-get install pepperflashplugin-nonfree

Open Chromium.


How to use grep to match lines where the first character falls in a range?

Because you have used the * (zero or more) quantifier, your expression is going to match every line. Change it to

grep -i "^[a-c]" data.txt

and it should work as you intend.


Try this

systemctl stop NetworkManager-wait-online.service
systemctl disable NetworkManager-wait-online.service

This service does not come from out-of-box Ubuntu 18.04I tcan be installed as dependence, im told that Steam installs it


The startup splash screen is called "plymouth".

If you change the plymouth theme, execute the below command with terminal.

sudo update-alternatives --config default.plymouth && sudo update-initramfs -u

Input the number of your favorite plymouth theme(ex. ubuntustudio-logo.plymouth), and enter .

After reboot your PC, then you can see the changed theme.


Need to disable Show Password in wireless

Setup the wireless network as an admin, and check the box to make the connection "Available to all users" at the bottom of the dialog when you edit the wireless network.

Ok, so let me be more verbose and explicit:

Log in as an administrator. This account is not accessible by students.
Click the network icon and select "Edit connections".
In the Wireless tab, select your network and click edit.
In the bottom of that window, click "Available to all users".

Now, the connection will be configured automatically at boot, other users are able to use the network, but if they try to edit that network, they'll be asked to input your password. Failing to do that, means not being able to edit that connection, hence not being able to see the password.

If indeed, like you say, students can see the password when the connection fails, then that is a bug to be fixed, and not worked around. It's quite obvious that users should not be able to read other peoples personal information.


GNOME choose audio device headphones over headset automatically

Gnome developers have been talking about this problem for over a year:

Don't ask to "Select Audio Device" every time an audio device is plugged in

The person making the request states:

  Here's my drive-by-design thoughts:

  The broad answer is indeed NOT to ask. If I explicitly plug in a
  device, I expect the sound to come out of it. There is an immediate
  direct interaction happening. Even if there are scenarios where this
  is not the case, asking every time you plug in an unknown device makes
  a bad common case experience. Of course there will be a ginormous long
  tail of special use cases.

Someone else rationalizes the reason for asking:

  If you have a plug that can be a microphone or a washing machine and
  you can't tell which, I can't think of any other way but ask. :)

The last comment a developer concedes the pop-up window is poorly designed:

  Oh, seems like you're right indeed: The first time I plug in a
  headphone, after a few seconds the output gets muted, while the dialog
  shows way before that for some reason (those seconds could probably
  already destroy a microphone), and every time after that, audio just
  doesn't get muted and continues while the dialog is visible. Also I'm
  seeing that sometimes we fail to show the dialog if the headphone is
  plugged in rather carefully (the loose connection seems to trigger the
  dialog multiple times). So we should either fix those issues or maybe
  consider those bug a "field test", since so far nobody complained
  about a broken microphone to us ;)

With some programming you could monitor for new windows being opened on your screen every two or three seconds. If the offending window opens you can send a mouse click to automatically select the headphones. I do this for example with some windows that have slide in bubble messages that lead to undesired advertising sites.

Another option would be to get the program name for the offending window and replace it with a new program that does nothing but unmute the sound.

In either case, unless you have some free time and the skills yourself, you will need to wait for a developer to create something.

There is something you can quickly try with no guarantee of success. There is a pulseaudio feature called module-switch-on-connect that enables automatic switching of an audio device on connection. To test if this works issue the following command in a terminal:

pacmd load-module module-switch-on-connect

Now plug in your headphones. If that works make it permanent by adding the following line to your /etc/pulse/default.pa:

load-module module-switch-on-connect

save the file and it will work on future reboots.


Ubuntu 20.04 don't run any applications after crash

I did not wait for any advice from experts.
So I just reinstalled the system.
But that didn't help either. The strangest thing is that when the live CD was launched, everything worked fine. But after installing the new Ubuntu 20.04, the same problem returned again. I noticed that the monitor was connected to a port on the motherboard and the video was performed by the intel processor itself. I installed the video card and everything worked right away. Apparently the electrical power surge has physically damaged something. But to understand that I could not. And how to make the installed Ubuntu work like the live SD also did not figure it out. Thank you all for your attention.


How can I run an application in gnome-terminal automatically when booting?

You cannot make a script that runs from init.d and displays a gnome-terminal window, because scripts in init.d run before there is any login session in which to display one. They run even before the graphical user interface is running.

Logging to a File Instead

If you need to run this script when the machine boots up, then instead of trying to make it display text automatically, you should make it write its output to a log file. To make it run both regular output and error output to a log file, make the script as follows:

#!/bin/bash
cd /home/mediambient/programa
./driver &>> logfile

Replace logfile with the name of the log file you want to use. You might have that file in the /home/mediambient/programa folder, or you might put it in the folder for system log files (/var/log). It's your choice. Please note that the &>> operator will append the output to the end of the log file. If you want it to overwrite the log file each time, you should use the &> operator instead.

Running Commands from an Init Script as a non-root User

Please also note that scripts in init.d will be run as root. If you don't want that, but instead want to run programa as user mediambient, you can write the script as follows:

#!/bin/bash
cd /home/mediambient/programa
sudo -u mediambient ./driver &>> logfile

This runs the program as mediambient but still records the log file as root. If you also want to record the log file as mediambient (which you should probably do if you're putting it inside mediambient's home folder), you can use:

#!/bin/bash
cd /home/mediambient/programa
sudo -u mediambient ./driver 2>&1 | sudo -u mediambient tee logfile > /dev/null

(If you're interested in exactly how that works, this explains 2>&1 and this explains tee.)

(By the way, please note that nothing in this script specifically requires bash, which is an excellent interactive shell but is a bit resource-intensive to use for init and background scripts. For quite some time the default shell for running such scripts in Ubuntu has been dash, which is much more lightweight. If you use #!/bin/sh instead of #!/bin/bash, that uses the OS's preferred shell for running POSIX-style shell scripts. For this script, it doesn't matter much, but it's a good habit to get into.)

Running the Script When A User Logs On Graphically, Instead of at Boot Time

Alternatively, if what you really need is for the script to run when the user mediambient logs on graphically (rather than when the computer starts up), then you can make it run driver in a gnome-terminal window. You cannot use init.d for this; instead, you have to use the facility provided by your desktop environment.

If you're running a GNOME-based Ubuntu (with Unity, Unity 2D, GNOME Classic/Fallback, or GNOME Shell as your desktop environment)--which I guess you are, since you want to display the output in a gnome-terminal--then you can do this by pressing Alt+F2 and running gnome-session-properties. This gives you the opportunity to edit your Startup Applications. Put the following in the Command: field:

gnome-terminal --working-directory=/home/mediambient/programa -e ./driver

Running the Script at Boot Time, Logging to a File, and Automatically Viewing the Log when a User Logs On Graphically

Or you can (sort of) get the best of both worlds by putting the script in init.d to run when Ubuntu first starts up, and then automatically spawning a gnome-terminal window showing the output as it progresses, once mediambient logs in graphically. To do that, add an entry to Startup Applications with this command:

gnome-terminal --working-directory=/home/mediambient/programa -x tail -n 512 -f logfile

(Or if logfile is an absolute rather than relative path to the log file, then you can leave out --working-directory=/home/mediambient/programa.)

-n 512 means it displays up to 512 lines of the log file from before it started displaying the log file. (It will then display each line as it is added to the log file.) This is usually a reasonable choice since a gnome-terminal window only remembers up to 512 lines by default anyway. If you run gnome-terminal with a modified profile that remembers more than 512 lines, then you can edit the tail command accordingly.

Limiting the Size of the Log File

If you're concerned about the growing size of the log file, the first thing to do is figure out if this is actually likely to be a problem. You might just be able to estimate. Suppose the log file grows by one line per second (which is much faster than most log files) and each line is 80 characters long. Then in a month, the file is a little of 200 MB in size. In a year it grows to be about 2.5 GB. A couple hundred megabytes is probably fine and multiple gigabytes probably is not, so the question is, will you be able to manually edit the log file to clear it out, at least every few months?

If it's closer to one line per minute, then the file grows at a rate less than 50 MB per year, in which case you probably never have to worry about clearing out the file.

There are two simple ways to clear out the file. You can edit it and remove part (or all) of it. Or you can delete it, and let it be created again. If you delete it, it will continue to take up space on disk until nothing is accessing it anymore, which means you may need to restart driver. You'd also have to restart tail, but you can fix this problem by using a modified tail command that doesn't keep the file open:

gnome-terminal --working-directory=/home/mediambient/programa -x tail -n 512 --follow=name logfile

(I have replaced -f with --follow=name.)

For more advanced, or automatic, management of growing log files, you can use the logrotate command. The logrotate command checks to see if log files have exceeded their maximum size or age, and "rotates" them, compressing them into numbered archives (which are themselves eventually deleted) and making a fresh log file. logrotate will even send you email about the logs, if you set it up to do that. The logrotate manual page explains how to write configuration files to tell logrotate which logs to operate on.

You could run logrotate automatically from mediambient's user crontab. (A crontab lists tasks that are performed on a periodic schedule by the cron daemon.) The crontab command installs and operates on user crontabs. Or you could add an entry to the system crontab, /etc/crontab (which would be a reasonable choice if you're running the script in init.d and having it run driver as root rather than as as mediambient). Please note that Ubuntu's system logs are rotated with logrotate, though in Ubuntu's current default configuration, it is not called directly from any crontab.

This overview of log rotation with logrotate and task scheduling with cron should help you get started, but feel free to ask more detailed questions on AskUbuntu about these topics or, if you prefer, to comment here or edit your question to provide more detail about what you want to do (then I may be able to give more detailed explanations for how to do it).


Japanese keyboard (Mozc) wrong input Ubuntu 18.04.03

Solution 1: install others japanese Input Methods Editors:
At the terminal:

mozc: sudo apt install ibus-mozc, and/or;
Anthy: sudo apt install ibus-anthy, and/or;
KKC: sudo apt install ibus-kkc, and/or;
SKK: sudo apt install ibus-skk.

With that, you will not depend more from one IME only.
You need only to switch between IMEs.
Even if a bug or other problem comes to you.
Solution 2: report the bug.
If you think it was a bug from MOZC, you can search at the MOZC official site.
Specifically from the Issue tracker.
Look/search for similar issues and submitt one if is that the case.
Solution 3: reset the MOZC configuration
If you messed things up from your MOZC's configurations:

Click on Gnome Status menu (Gnome's top-left bar) > IBus menu (i.e. keyboard/input language selector) > Select Japanese Mozc input method.
Again, click on Gnome Status Menu > IBuz > tools > Properties > Mozc Settings window.
Click on reset to defaults button from Mozc Settings window.


Install Ubuntu dual boot with Windows 7 in a JBOD array

There's one of two things going on here:

The RAID used in Windows was built by Windows storage manager and is thus software RAID specific to that OS. It is not transferable to other operating systems.
The RAID was configured in the BIOS, that's "fake RAID", and you simply haven't identified the proper RAID driver yet for Linux (or it doesn't exist) to be able to assemble the array.

It's up to you to drill down into the details and deploy the proper solution. Ideally, you would use a HW RAID controller that abstracted all this away for you.
Worst case, you use "Fake RAID", which is really just platform independent software RAID, to be able to share the RAID sets between Windows in Linux.

If it were me, and all I had was "Fake RAID", I wouldn't even bother. My data integrity is more important to me then sharing data between two OS. Furthermore, NTFS isn't fully supported on Linux, reading is OK, but if you start writing to that array you can destroy the data.


Not able to remove software from Software center

I had a similar situation recently where software-center wouldn't uninstall a few programs. I recommend using the top answer first. uninstall software center applications via bash

But if that doesn't work, and the program is not registered with apt-get you can remove the files directly:

sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/<yourProgram>/
sudo rm /usr/bin/<yourProgram>

(I recommend looking in the folders first because the names might be slightly different from program name.)


How do I install drivers for a NVIDIA 720M on Ubuntu 12.04?

Add this ppa repository: https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-x-swat/+archive/x-updates

To do that, open the Terminal and type (in this order):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
sudo apt-get update

When you type the first command, you will be asked to type your password. (Note that while you are typing your password you won't see anything on the screen. Don't worry: that's normal.)

Then try to open "additional drivers" again and check if it finds any driver.

PS: to learn what Repositories and PPAs are, take a look here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu

PPS: Welcome to Ubuntu and GNU/Linux ;)


Is it possible to create a USB Bootable version of Ubuntu with Persistent Storage?

You can use http://www.linuxliveusb.com/en/home to create a usb bootable with persistent storage.

Check the Help to have more than 4Gb : http://www.linuxliveusb.com/en/help/faq/persistence and this link http://www.pendrivelinux.com/create-a-larger-than-4gb-casper-partition/


Expand mouse-wheel volume control to whole panel

Modern mouse devices have more than one id when you run query xinput list. This script will cover those devices as well but first proper id must be determined. The selection is based on difference between outputs of xinput query-state <id> command and assumption that one id will have some key 245 in output, hence the line:

moid0=$(xinput query-state $moid1 | grep 245)

For your device the difference between outputs may vary, but you can use another keyword not 245 and change the line.
So the script look like this:

#!/bin/bash
vctrl1 () {
    xinput test $mo | while read line
    do
        eval $(xdotool getmouselocation --shell)
        if [ $Y -gt 24 ]; then break
        elif [ "$wnn" != "Desktop" ] && [ $sd3 == $wg2 ]; then break
        elif [[ $line == "button release 5" ]] ; then
            xdotool key XF86AudioLowerVolume
        elif [[ $line == "button release 4" ]] ; then
            xdotool key XF86AudioRaiseVolume
        fi
    done
}

sd1=$(xdpyinfo | grep dimensions)
sd2="${sd1#*dimensions:  }"
sd3="${sd2%% pixels*}"

while :
do
    moid=$(xinput list | grep -iPo 'mouse.*id=\K\d+')

    eval $(xdotool getmouselocation --shell)
    if [[ $Y -le 24 && ! -z $moid ]]; then

        wg1=$(xdotool getactivewindow getwindowgeometry)
        wg2="${wg1#*Geometry: }"

        wnn=$(xdotool getactivewindow getwindowname)

        read moid1 moid2 < <(echo $moid)
        moid0=$(xinput query-state $moid1 | grep 245)
        if [[ ! -z $moid0 ]]; then mo=$moid2 && vctrl1
        else mo=$moid1 && vctrl1
        fi
    elif [[ -z $moid ]]; then sleep 3
    fi
sleep 0.2
done

It will allow volume control with mouse wheel while hover over panel.


The main problem is that the minimal Ubuntu install does not have everything that you need.

The post Package mysql-server-5.5 is not configured yet provides the solution to your problem. I suggest you read that. However, I will provide a brief summary below.

Clean out the old mysql installation.

sudo apt-get purge mysql*
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean

Upgrade the things that are missing in the minimal Ubuntu installation.

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Install MySql as normal:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

If that still doesn't work you can do

 sudo apt-get install mysql-server --fix-missing --fix-broken


Odd start up, blank then error, then quick boot 13.10

This is a bug as reported here:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1160322

It should not effect your boot or your operating system. It appears to be related to your wireless card. I would not be concerned.


Security Updates - The package system is broken

This will clean out the local repository of retrieved package files.

sudo apt-get clean

Correct for any broken dependencies

sudo apt-get install -f

will configure all the packages which haven't been configured yet.

sudo dpkg --configure -a

After you have done all of that you can run sudo apt-get update.


How to configure 2 interfaces without losing Internet connection?

can you tell the version of ubuntu server?
If you are sure that you are getting settings from dhcp on eth0 you could try reading the output from:
ifconfig /a

just to be sure i'd do:

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

Add below to interfaces file

auto eth0

allow-hotplug eth0

iface eth0 inet dhcp

auto eth1

iface eth1 inet static

address 192.168.1.1

netmask 255.255.255.0

gateway 192.168.1.254

And then run:

sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf

And add:

nameserver 192.168.1.254

nameserver 8.8.8.8

Finally run:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install hv-kvp-daemon-init linux-tools-virtual linux-cloud-tools-virtual

or you can read here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NetworkManager#Using_NetworkManager_on_the_command_line

and type nmcli help


When i followed this guide few weeks back - I got rid of the existing mongo-db packages that came with trusty tahr(14.04.3) by using

sudo apt-get purge mongodb-org*

then installed it.

I believe that key is needed during first time install and then for updates not for uninstall(I am guessing).

So essentially

sudo service mongod stop
sudo apt-get purge mongodb-org*
sudo rm -r /var/log/mongodb
sudo rm -r /var/lib/mongodb

You should be able to uninstall it.
If that doesn't work then the only option for clean uninstall is to install it all over again and then uninstall it.


Since you have an NVidia graphics chip and a CPU with embedded graphics: recent Nvidia drivers use a technique known as Optimus to enable the power-hungry NVidia chip only when necessary, and use the integrated Intel video otherwise (which for you would be most of the time).

Needless to say, on Windows this is set by default.

On Linux this technique is supported out of the box by the Nvidia closed-source drivers but not by the Nouveau open-source driver which is the one installed by default, so a simple solution is to switch to the Nvidia drivers (can' tell how they are named on 18.04, unfortunately). I didn't measure the battery draw but on my machine this made the average temperature go from 60°C to 30°C, so I assume there were significant energy savings.

It appears that you can do the same, keeping the Nouveau driver and using an additional software called Bumblebee, but I didn't try it.


It looks like the executable ruby is not in cron's path, so you need to use the full path to the executable.

Change your monday.sh script from:

#!/bin/bash
ruby ~/Documents/Scripts/monday_task.rb >> ~/Documents/Scripts/monday

to:

#!/bin/bash
/home/asarluhi/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.3.1/bin/ruby /home/asarluhi/Documents/Scripts/monday_task.rb >> /home/asarluhi/Documents/Scripts/monday

As your syslog demonstrates the monday.sh script is being run on time so absolute path-names is the only answer. As per OP comment ruby also has to be prefixed with absolute path-name.


Assign unallocated space to swap. No swap on disk currently

I found a solution. Just right-click the partition and format to linux-swap in GParted. Then right-click again and click "Swapon".

Then you need to edit 2 files.

In /etc/fstab, add

UUID=4567a897-0845-4fee-816d-9e1cf1954e20 none            swap    sw              0       0

In /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume, add

RESUME=UUID=/etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume

Finally run

update-grub
update-initramfs -u


Is there a setting to tell Deja dup when to make full backup?

It's difficult to control that precisely.  Two main things affect it.  How frequently your automatic backups happen and how long you told DD to keep backups.

By default, with weekly backups and keeping them forever, DD will make a fresh backup every three months.

If you change it to daily backups, I believe it switches to monthly fresh backups.

It sounds like you already make regular manual backups.  I'd say change the automatic backup setting to weekly and continue with your manual backups.  DD should use three month intervals.

In Ubuntu 12.10, DD will always use three months no matter what.  Though you can fiddle with a secret config key to change it if you really want to.


Can we install a package through a shell script?

Why not just run the script as superuser?

sudo sh recover.sh


In principle what you are doing is correct. My guess is you may be looking in the wrong place for that shutdown.log file you are trying to create. Since these scripts will be executed at shutdown by root, the variable $HOME will not point to your usual home directory. See if /root/shutdown.log has been created, or supply an absolute path in your script without the $HOME variable.


Here are a few tips gathered from other similar questions on this site:

install preload (as suggested in How to make faster first search at Unity-Dash? Way slower than second one): it seems to help, at least in my case, but some users noticed a higher RAM usage
disable a few scopes you don't need from the Applications scope in your dash
clear your Zeitgeist cache: I think this can be done from System Settings > Privacy > Files & Applications and there should be a button Clear usage data or something along these lines (my system is not in English); this can also be done by deleting all files in ~/.local/share/zeitgeist, but do make a backup of these files, just in a case!
maybe it is not directly related, but try disabling a few startup programs; some are hidden from the list that you see when opening "Startup programs", see What is causing Unity to be slow on startup? for details.

Hope it helps!


How do I autoconnect to a wireless access point?

You must be logged-in to get a network connection with NetworkManager.

One ugly workaround is to configure the gdm to auto-login, this poses a security threat if someone can physically access your laptop.

System > Administration > Login Screen

Unlock and select "Login as automatically"


preseed.cfg installed in initrd root not being recognized in Ubuntu installation (17.10 amd64 desktop or server)

On server, to get the lang questions answered, you have add auto=true as an option to boot menu.

Here is an example of a pxe menu using auto=true (grub menu should be similar):

label install
    menu default
    menu label ^Preseed Install
    kernel ubuntu-installer/amd64/linux
    append auto=true vga=normal initrd=ubuntu-installer/amd64/initrd.gz

Taken from https://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller/Preseed#Loading_the_preseeding_file_from_a_webserver:

  The "auto" command launches the installation in the automated mode, where the configuration of hostname, locale and keymap are postponed so that they can be answered from the preseed file loaded from the network. You could use "install url=..." but you'd have to answer these questions manually, regardless of what you have in the preseed config. If a server path isn't specified the path 'd-i//preseed.cfg' will be tried, for example d-i/stretch/preseed.cfg. Note that network configuration options (netcfg/*) cannot be applied via a network-loaded preseed.cfg file, as the network must be configured before the preseed file can be fetched. If network configuration options must be declared, needed options have be passed as kernel options (eg netcfg/choose_interface=eth0).


Installing Ubuntu on Lenovo IdeaTab Lynx K3011

I read somewhere that you have to depress vol up and down simultaneously while powering up, then release then when the backlight comes on, and the depress them both simultaneously again to enter the bios setup utility


You can find firmware at linux-firmware git

It looks like the missing firmware files are there.

You can clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git and copy the missing files to /lib/firmware/amdgpu.


Multiple notifications via notify-osd or alternatives

Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: notify-send

$ urg=(low normal critical) ; for v in 0 1 2  ;do notify-send --expire-time=100 -u ${urg[$v]} "Mama says" "Mama had a little lamb - $v - ${urg[$v]}" ;done

... seems to bring up them one at a time, with order slightly re-arranged by -u ${urg[$v]}

Note:
https://askubuntu.com/a/51440/289138


can you provide some helpful errors so that people can assist you better?
your going to need to start by opening a terminal.
in your term provide the outputs of the following commands:
first with the ethernet cable plugged in:
ifconfig
ping -c 1 8.8.8.8
now unplug the cable, and replug the cable and:
cat /var/log/syslog
to start..  :)
you can save those outputs to a file if you add a > and a location/filename following the carret...
(a double caret >> appends, and single caret > replaces contents)
for instance:
(let's say you want to make that output more readable to your helpers... lets add some echos in between.  echo simply create a new line if nothing is passed.  or it will echo(print, say, etcetc) things to the shell
the reason for outputting all this to a file is so you can move it to a usb drive, and then use your internet connected computer to paste it's contents to this topic..  :)

simply do the following in your terminal:
ifconfig > ~/Desktop/troubleshooting.out.txt
echo ; echo ; echo '-----------------------------' >> ~/Desktop/troubleshooting.out.txt ; echo ; echo
ping -c 1 >> ~/Desktop/troubleshooting.out.txt
echo ; echo ; echo '-----------------------------' >> ~/Desktop/troubleshooting.out.txt ; echo ; echo
now unplug the cable, replug the cable, and continue:
sleep 12; cat /var/log/syslog >> ~/Desktop/troubleshooting.out.txt
copy the file
you will now have a file with proper outputs and hopefully signs that point us to your problem that the community can use to help you troubleshoot your issue... now all you need to do is:

copy the file to your flash drive
copy the file from the flash drive to your internet connected pc
copy paste the contents to a comment...
post, and profit :)


How Can I Upgrade to 11.10 from the Command Line?

From the Ubuntu help website:

sudo apt-get install update-manager-core
sudo do-release-upgrade

Also from the manpage for do-release-upgrade:

DESCRIPTION
   Upgrade   the   operating   system  to  the  latest  release  from  the
   command-line.  This is the preferred command  if  the  machine  has  no
   graphic  environment  or if the machine is to be upgraded over a remote
   connection.

Disclaimer: I always install a fresh copy (I tweak and hack things on my installs, so it would be more hassle to upgrade than start fresh), so I have never tried upgrading through either the GUI or the command line. But this is the official method of doing the upgrade so it should be fine. I'd still back up any important data first though.


I have spent some time experimenting with my installed gnome-shell extensions as suggested by @guiverc and @heynnema.  Their instincts were correct - I found two of the extensions that were causing the problem.  I do have the versions of the extensions installed that are stated to be proper for my version of gnome-shell (3.28.4), but they still are causing the problems I have seen.  Well - To be more precise, what I have seen the last few days is that when I disable those two extensions before shutting down the computer, the next time I start it up, I have had no problems.

My workaround for now until I get a new version of gnome-shell (once I upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04):  Before I shutdown the computer I disable those two extensions.


Why Ubuntu is not Installing 'Synaptic Package Manager' as default when installing it on the hard drive?

Synaptic became obsolete as a graphical tool for "apt" when it got replaced by Ubuntu Software Center.

  I mean Synaptic is on EVERY Ubuntu user's launcher

You probably overestimate the usage of Synaptic. On none of my and none of the computers I maintain Synaptic is installed and I know not a lot of people that use it. So "every" is not correct and I probably would claim less than 5% of all computers using Ubuntu have it installed.


Can Microsoft Office Programs be opened by default instead of Libre Office?

This should be possible. In the WINE FAQ they address passing argument lists to windows programs via the command-line. Essentially you use the same command-line syntax as Windows but you prefix it with wine
# In Windows
C:\>winword filename

# In Ubuntu
$ wine winword filename

In Ubuntu, there are two files that control the default programs. (source)

~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list
/usr/share/applications/defaults.list

each of those has the format mime-type=shortcut.desktop so you can just plug in the mime type of a word document and then create a launcher that opens office. The mime types of all the office documents are here


How do I fix a "Broken Pipe" error when using a Canon printer?

If you need a new driver (unsure what version you are currently using now), you can download v4.00 from Canon here (be sure to select the printer driver for Debian, which I see is listed as #5). You can also download scanner drivers from there if you want.

Good luck getting this thing to work for you. I had a cheap Canon printer back when I was using Ubuntu 9.10, and it sucked. (Then again, my parents later got the same printer from me for their Windows machine, and it still sucked.) If you do go looking for another printer, I recommend HP, which has very good Linux support, especially if you use HPLIP with it.


I can't configure my networks or use my wifi adapter

http://opensource.bureau-cornavin.com/belkin/index.html

Translated into your instance, this link can be of substantial help. What needs to be done is that the driver either needs to be loaded from the kernel using modprobe, downloaded and installed (if it's a unix driver), or ndiswrapper'd windows drivers will work if all else fails.

It looks like the main issue is just getting the driver in place, and everything is clear from there.


How do I make wthe window borders have a transparent look to them in Ubuntu 18.10?

You will need an appropriate theme

Themes allow you to customize almost anything on GNOME

As an example, see https://www.gnome-look.org/content/show.php/Transparent+Atolm?content=142932

Of course, there are many other options. You will have to decide for yourself


How to hide files and folders in Nautilus?

Tested under Nautilus 3.4.2 on Ubuntu 12.04/12.10 (but works in almost all scenarios)

Open gnome-terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T).

Type ls /.

Copy the name(s) of the folder(s) you want hidden.

Press Alt+F2, then type in gedit.

Paste all the names you want hidden like so:

Image excerpted from Another Way to Hide Files Folders in Ubuntu by Meilin

Save the file (Ctrl+S) in the directory / with the name .hidden (no asterisk, as seen in the image above).

Refresh the page, and they are gone.

Image from How to hide files and folders - EuroBytes

If you want them unhidden later...

To unhide the folders, you can either:

remove there names from the .hidden file, or
just press Ctrl+H to view all hidden files and folders.

Reference:

Meilin, "Another Way to Hide Files Folders in Ubuntu," Ubuntu Sharing (ubuntuguide.net).
How to hide files and folders - EuroBytes


To answer my own question:

Printer configuration file is located in /etc/cups/printers.conf
Spool directory is /var/spool/cups/


You can use bash variable string subsetting. For example

echo "${PWD:(-10)}"

to only show the last 10 characters. Change this value as you want.
So for the bash title, set the PS1 variable (to do it permanent, put the line into ~/.bashrc). For example:

PS1="[...]$(echo ${PWD:(-5)}) $ "

Use sed for more complex pattern changing (e.g. the middle part of the path).


Wi-Fi Card not working for Dell Inspiron 17

I have a Dell Inspiron 17, and I had the same problem. It is due to the fact that the machine uses a wifi card that requires a proprietary driver. It is easy to fix. First, you will need to connect your machine to your internet router by a cable. Then in a terminal window, enter the command

sudo software-properties-gtk

In the window that appears, select the "Additional Drivers" tab. The screen shows "Searching for available drivers ...". After a minute or so, you should see your wifi card listed, with two options, like this:

Broadcom 802.11 Linux STA wireless driver source from
bcmwl-kernel-source (propprietary)
Do not use the device

Choose the first option, and click Apply Changes.

You will then just need to press F2 to enable (unlock) the wifi card, and then it should all work. When you click on the wifi icon in the toolbar, you should see a list of available networks. Select yours, and enter its password when prompted. You can then disconnect your cable from the router.


Be notified (e.g. mail) of unsuccessful FTP login attempts to my server

Install fail2ban in order to ban and send emails

here is how you can install this software :

Open up a terminal (CtrlAltT)
type : sudo apt install fail2ban sendmail (being on an updated system is of importance)
then allow SSH access through UFW and then enable the firewall:

ufw allow ssh
 ufw enable

the default configuration should be adequate all that is left to do is configure your mail

source : https://www.linode.com/docs/security/using-fail2ban-for-security/#ubuntu


Chances are you don't have ssh server installed. Use this to install it:

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

To check if it is running:

sudo service ssh status

Try that and see if you can connect to it.


Why do I have to reconnect my usb router cable?

This problem is not specific to your router so I dont think there is any problem with your router. In my experience, and from what I have found using Google, there is some bug in usbserial module and because of that devices using usbserial driver usually needs to be unplugged and replugged after boot so they can be correctly identified. I had this same problem with my ZTE AC2726 usb modem.

You can try manually unloading and reloading the usbserial module to see if your device gets recognized. If this doesnt work then I suggest you use ethernet i.e network cable to connect to your router instead of usb. Your router must have atleast 1 ethernet port. I am sure you wont have this problem with ethernet.


How can I reinstall all packages that were shipped by default on Ubuntu 16.10?

In case that you want to restore really everything to a "virgin" Ubuntu 16.10 (as you said in the comment under your question), a fresh installation of the system might be the most easy way to go. Otherwise you would have to reinstall all the packages you want to have restored manually.


Install filmic Color Mangement when installed with snap

If you have Blender 2.8 you already have filmic as it now comes as standard - https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/latest/render/color_management.html#render.
For anyone running Blender < 2.8 for any reason, you can use the OCIO environment variable as per the docs - https://sobotka.github.io/filmic-blender
Extract the Filmic Blender files somewhere and create the environment variable:
export OCIO=/path/to/where/the/filmic-blender/config.ocio

You should add this to your .profile to make this permanent.


How can I convert .epub files to plain text?

I don't know if Calibre is worth installing for your job, but if you have it you could use the powerful ebook converter:

ebook-convert input.epub output.txt

Output format is deducted from output file extension

I imagine there could be some XML tools/scripts (XSLT) that can transform epub in text as epub is basically XHTML in ZIP archive


How to install specific version of some package?

How to know the version of installed package?

apt-cache policy <package name>

The above command will shows installed package version and also all the available versions in the repository according to the version of Ubuntu in which you are running.It doesn't display the package version which was intended for another version of Ubuntu(not your's).

Example:

$ apt-cache policy gparted
gparted:
  Installed: 0.16.1-1
  Candidate: 0.16.1-1
  Version table:
 *** 0.16.1-1 0
        500 http://ubuntu.inode.at/ubuntu/ saucy/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

So the installed gparted version is 0.16.1-1.

How to install a specific package version?

sudo apt-get install <package name>=<version>

Example:

$ sudo apt-get install gparted=0.16.1-1
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
gparted is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 265 not upgraded.


multiple module loads from /etc/modules without device disconnect

usbserial doesn't allow for multiple product IDs, so a custom kernel module is required.


"no root file system is defined" error on my new custom built pc

You need to tell where you need to install ubuntu.

To specify that, select an option (something like) "I want to do something else" and then select the partition where you want to install ubuntu and from the drop down menu, select /.

This question may help you a bit more: How large should I make root, home, and swap partitions?


What is the app that does the SHOW DESKTOP action

Go to Settings > Window Manager > Keyboard > Show Desktop. Double-click on it and change default shortcut.


alias not working inside bash shell script

Some comments:

When writing a bash shell script you are expected to start the script with:

#!/bin/bash

There is a known issue - Why doesn't my Bash script recognize aliases? - that bash script doesn't recognize aliases.

One option to solve the issue is:

At the beginning of your script (after the #!/bin/bash) add:

shopt -s expand_aliases

Following by source of the file with the aliases:

source /etc/bash.bashrc


It is the file /proc/kcore which for some reason looks so big. Just exclude /proc from your folders list to get a more realistic result.

/proc/kcore specifically is a file which maps directly to every available byte in your virtual memory. It is a system file, provided by the virtual procfs filesystem, and is not a real file.


How to reinstall Ubuntu over Elementary OS on an EFI system?

Using @oldfred's advice

I booted from live USB and ran

sudo efibootmgr -v

The "-v" option displays all the entries so you can confirm you're deleting the right one. The output looks something like

BootCurrent: 0000
Timeout: 1 seconds
BootOrder: 0000,0001,0002,0003,0004,0005
Boot0000* elementary    HD(1,GPT,887f27c1-1cfd-42a8-8d04-c3b41ba74a74,0x800,0x100000)/File(\EFI\UBUNTU\GRUBIA32.EFI)
Boot0001* Windows Boot Manager  HD(1,GPT,887f27c1-1cfd-42a8-8d04-c3b41ba74a74,0x800,0x100000)/File(\EFI\MICROSOFT\BOOT\BOOTMGFW.EFI)
Boot0002* ubuntu    HD(1,GPT,887f27c1-1cfd-42a8-8d04-c3b41ba74a74,0x800,0x100000)/File(\EFI\UBUNTU\GRUBX64.EFI)
Boot0003* UEFI:CD/DVD Drive BBS(129,,0x0)
Boot0004* UEFI:Removable Device BBS(130,,0x0)
Boot0005* UEFI:Network Device   BBS(131,,0x0)

Then you use the combination of -b #### to specify the entry and -B to delete it, say I want to delete Boot0000* elementary    HD..., I would do:

sudo efibootmgr -b 0000 -B

See man efibootmagr or the efibootmgr man page

I deleted the elementary menu entry and ran boot repair again. This time everything worked.


Prevent package manager recreating files in /etc/fonts/conf.d/

I've enabled bitmaps too (mainly for courier and unifont). Try

sudo touch /etc/fonts/conf.d/70-no-bitmaps.conf
sudo chattr +i /etc/fonts/conf.d/70-no-bitmaps.conf

This should set the immutable bit on a BLANK file in the place of the one that disables bitmap fonts, so that it can not be replaced or edited (even by root).

To allow changing the file again, just do

sudo chattr -i /etc/fonts/conf.d/70-no-bitmaps.conf

I hope this is what you wanted.


It seems you have created your instance on LVM storage or something like that. For live migration, you must launch your instance on a shared storage like CEPH or GlusterFS. After that, you can easily migrate your instances. You can connect CEPH to OpenStack by following this article.

regards, AvandCloud


How can I batch-process images to adjust contrast in terminal?

One excellent option is to use ImageMagick's -brightness-contrast option in combination with a bash for loop.
To see how it all works first find a test image and experiment with the following syntax:
convert -brightness-contrast 10x5 input.jpg output.jpg

The -brightness-contrast option has 2 elements:

-brightness. In the example above this has been set at 10 and possible settings are from -100 to +100. Positive values increase the brightness while negative values decrease the brightness. Using a '0' value means that the brightness will remain unchanged.
-contrast. In the example above this has been set at 5 and again possible settings are from -100 to +100. Positive values increase the contrast while negative values decrease the contrast. Using a '0' value means that the contrast will remain unchanged.

Once you have found the settings best for your image you can navigate to the folder holding your images and run a bash for loop:
for j in *.jpg
do
  convert -brightness-contrast 10x5 "$j" altered_"$j"
done

Here you can see I have made a small naming alteration for the output file which you can of course tailor to your specific needs.
There are many different ways to accomplish your goal with ImageMagick but this would be my own choice as it is both the easiest to use and to understand :).
References:

ImageMagick -brightness-contrast: All of the details on this command from the ImageMagick web site.


How to disable hot corners for maximized windows

Below two options; one script to disable all hotcorners (temporarily) if your active window is maximized, and one to only disable the specific hotcorners and actions you mention in the question.

Both scripts are extremely light weight and add no noticeable burden to your system whatsoever.

1. Disable all hotcorners if the active window is full screen

The background patch below will disable all hotcorners if (and as long as) the active window is maximized (fullscreen).

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import time
import ast
import os

edgedata = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"], ".stored_edges")
key = "/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/"
corners = [
    "|TopRight", "|TopLeft", "|BottomLeft", "|Right",
    "|Left", "|Top", "|Bottom", "|BottomRight",
    ]

def get(cmd):
    # just a helper function
    try:
        return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode("utf-8").strip()
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        pass

def setval(cmd):
    # just another helper function
    subprocess.Popen(cmd)

def check_win():
    # see if the active window is maximized
    # get the active window, convert the id to wmctrl format
    windata = get(["wmctrl", "-lG"])
    if windata:
        w = hex(int(get(["xdotool", "getactivewindow"])))
        front = w[:2]+((10-len(w))*"0")+w[2:]
        # look up the window size
        match = [l for l in windata.splitlines() if front in l][0].split()[4:6]
        # and compare them, if equal -> window is maximized
        return match == res

def get_res():
    # look up screen resolution
    scrdata = get("xrandr").split(); resindex = scrdata.index("connected")+2
    return [n for n in scrdata[resindex].split("+")[0].split("x")]

def get_edges():
    # get data from dump, remember
    data = get(["dconf", "dump", key]).split()
    for s in data:
        if s.startswith("["):
            k = s.replace("[", "").replace("]", "/")
        elif any([[c in s][0] for c in corners]):
            currval = s.split("=")
            stored = ["dconf", "write", key+k+currval[0], currval[1]]
            tempval = ["dconf", "write", key+k+currval[0], "''"]
            open(edgedata, "a+").write(str(stored)+"\n")
            setval(tempval)

def set_stored():
    # set the stored values
    try:
        prev = open(edgedata).readlines()
    except FileNotFoundError:
        pass
    else:
        for l in  [l.strip() for l in open(edgedata).readlines()]:
            toset = ast.literal_eval(l)
            setval(toset)
        os.remove(edgedata)

res = get_res()
state1 = None

while True:
    time.sleep(1)
    state2 = check_win()
    if state2 != None:
        if state2 != state1:
            get_edges() if state2 else set_stored()
        state1 = state2

How to use

The script needs both xdotool and wmctrl:

sudo apt-get install wmctrl xdotool

Copy the script into an empty file, safe it as disable_corners.py
Test- run the script from a terminal with the command:

python3 /path/to/disable_corners.py

If all works fine, add it to Startup Applications: Dash > Startup Applications > Add. Add the command:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 10 && python3 /path/to/disable_corners.py"

2. Disable only specific edges if the active window is full screen

The (background) script below will disable both corners actions you mention if the active window is maximized.

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import time

key = "/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins"
active1 = "'|BottomRight'"; active2 = "'|TopLeft'"

def get(cmd):
    # just a helper function
    try:
        return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode("utf-8")
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        pass

def setval(cmd):
    # just another helper function
    subprocess.Popen(cmd)

def check_win():
    # see if the active window is maximized
    # get the active window, convert the id to wmctrl format
    windata = get(["wmctrl", "-lG"])
    if windata:
        w = hex(int(get(["xdotool", "getactivewindow"])))
        front = w[:2]+((10-len(w))*"0")+w[2:]
        # look up the window size
        match = [l for l in windata.splitlines() if front in l][0].split()[4:6]
        # and compare them, if equal -> window is maximized
        return match == res

def get_res():
    # look up screen resolution
    scrdata = get("xrandr").split(); resindex = scrdata.index("connected")+2
    return [n for n in scrdata[resindex].split("+")[0].split("x")]

res = get_res()
state1 = None

while True:
    time.sleep(1)
    state2 = check_win()
    if state2 != None:
        if state2 != state1:
            newws = "''" if state2 else active1
            # below the specific edges to take care of
            setval(["dconf", "write", key+"/expo/expo-edge", newws])
            newspread = "''" if state2 else active2
            setval(["dconf", "write", key+"/scale/initiate-edge", newspread])
        state1 = state2

How to use

Usage and set up is exactly the same as option 1.

Explanation

On startup of the script, the script checks the screen's resolution.
Once per second, the script checks the size of the active window, and compares it to the screen's resolution.
If the window size and the resolution are equal, the window is obviously maximized.
If there is a change in the situation (maximized/unmaximized), the script sets/unsets your set hotcorners using the commands:

dconf write /org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/expo/expo-edge "''"

dconf write /org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/scale/initiate-edge "''"

to disable, or

dconf write /org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins "'|BottomRight'"

dconf write /org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins "'|TopLeft'"

to enable.


My freshly installed Ubuntu Server 15.04 can't connect to filezilla (Plex Mediaserver)

This may be an issue in the ports forwarded in your firewall, or with the fact that your server doesn't have a static ip address.


Suspend, ubuntu 12.04 Sony Vaio VGN-NW120J

I don't know about the specifics of which Sony Vaio model this will work for, but it seems this question may be a duplicate of this question, which has at least one answer for some Sony Vaio models.


How to use Ubuntu without entering a password

You can change it in System Settings

Under "Brightness & Lock". Simply uncheck "Require my password when waking from suspend".

To also automatically log on when booting up:

Under "User Accounts" set Automatic Login to On (you need to Unlock the screen first, found in the upper right corner).

Good luck!


invalid command name "bind" - When Installing

The problem was with missing 32bit gtk2 library. Check out this "bug" discussion.


Did you try using gparted?

 sudo apt-get install gparted

Open Gparted

 sudo gparted

In the top right select your usb drive, it will probably be sdb, right click in the main window and unmount if needed.  Right click again and select delete and than right click one last time on the unallocated space and select new.  Now you just need to setup the USB partition to suit your needs.

If you still are having issues using gparted, you could always zero fill the drive, meaning, cleaning the drive completely by writing all zeros.

 sudo fdisk -l

look for the sdX location for your USB stick.

 dd=if/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX

This can take awhile depending on the size of your USB stick and your PC speed, etc...  Don't worry if you see a blinking cursor, just give it time, I did a 2gig mp3 player and it took about an hour and a half.

Now open gparted or disk utility and see if the drive is performing correctly.


Why does Nautilus show a file and its hard link as bigger than just the file?

Of course, if you create a hard link to a file, then both the original file and the hard link point to the same inode. In fact, both are equivalent - for the system there is no such thing as "the original" and "the link". They are simply two access points to the same inode. Consequently, they take up no more space together than if you had only one access point (except for the tiniest bit of information in the filesystem, where two pointers to some inode are stored instead of only one).

You can easily confirm this when you use a low-level filesystem utility such as, for instance, du. For example, here I have a directory with a single song (FOSS Yeaaaah!, an awesome song about Ubuntu by Ben Kerensa) of about 2.1 MB:

$ ls -li
total 2124
6424897 -rw-rw-r-- 1 malte malte 2162937 Aug  7 12:53 FOSS Yeaaaah!.mp3
$ du -ch * # display size of all files, and total size
2.1M    FOSS Yeaaaah!.mp3
2.1M    total
$ du -h . # display size of current directory
2.1M    .

When I create a hard link, say Link.mp3, to the file, du actually recognizes that both filenames point to the same file and only displays one of both:

$ ln FOSS\ Yeaaaah\!.mp3 Link.mp3
$ ls -li
total 4248
6424897 -rw-rw-r-- 2 malte malte 2162937 Aug  7 12:53 FOSS Yeaaaah!.mp3
6424897 -rw-rw-r-- 2 malte malte 2162937 Aug  7 12:53 Link.mp3
$ du -ch *
2.1M    FOSS Yeaaaah!.mp3
2.1M    total
$ du -h .
2.1M    .

(It's displaying only the one that comes first in alphabetical order - had I named the hardlink A.mp3, then du would have displayed that one).

The behavior you're experiencing is most probably a bug or inaccuracy in whatever software you are using to display file sizes. If it's Nautilus (the standard file browser in a typical Ubuntu installation), then I can confirm that behavior. See this bug report:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nautilus/+bug/644403

It may just be "a feature, not a bug" - as Nautilus is trying to keep things simple for the average user, it simply ignores hard links. Which may not always be the best idea. Quoting from the bug report:

  Nautilus tries to keep things simple. That's why it does not offer a way to make hardlinks. But if things are already complicated - if hardlinks are already present - just ignoring them can lead to problems of its own.

In summary, if you're working with hard links, better rely on a terminal instead of some file browsing application.


Configure gnome-shell extensions from command line

Found the answer by myself in the end.

sudo cp ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/extname/schemas/org.gnome.shell.extensions.extname.gschema.xml \
    /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/ &&
sudo glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/

Copy and compile the schemas in ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions and gsettings will be able to work with them.


state: check-failed when running canonical-livepatch

Yes, you should be concerned. I have this problem too. The best I could do is to disable and re-enable livepatching every day (it works for a few hours, then stops).

You can look at the log:

# systemctl status snap.canonical-livepatch.canonical-livepatchd.service

For some reason, it stops authenticate with the service after a while:

● snap.canonical-livepatch.canonical-livepatchd.service - Service for snap application canonical-livepatch.canonical-livepatchd
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/snap.canonical-livepatch.canonical-livepatchd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2016-10-22 11:38:29 EDT; 1 weeks 3 days ago
 Main PID: 8435 (canonical-livep)
   CGroup: /system.slice/snap.canonical-livepatch.canonical-livepatchd.service
           └─8435 /snap/canonical-livepatch/15/canonical-livepatchd

Nov 02 03:39:08 firstborn canonical-livepatch[8435]: No payload available.
Nov 02 04:39:09 firstborn canonical-livepatch[8435]: Checking with livepatch service.
Nov 02 04:39:09 firstborn canonical-livepatch[8435]: Bad server status code: 403. URL: https://livepatch.canonical.com/api/machine/<id> {"error": "Invalid Machine Token"}
Nov 02 04:39:09 firstborn canonical-livepatch[8435]: No payload available.
Nov 02 05:39:09 firstborn canonical-livepatch[8435]: Checking with livepatch service.
Nov 02 05:39:09 firstborn canonical-livepatch[8435]: Bad server status code: 403. URL: https://livepatch.canonical.com/api/machine/<id> {"error": "Invalid Machine Token"}
Nov 02 05:39:09 firstborn canonical-livepatch[8435]: No payload available.
Nov 02 06:39:09 firstborn canonical-livepatch[8435]: Checking with livepatch service.
Nov 02 06:39:09 firstborn canonical-livepatch[8435]: Bad server status code: 403. URL: https://livepatch.canonical.com/api/machine/<id> {"error": "Invalid Machine Token"}
Nov 02 06:39:09 firstborn canonical-livepatch[8435]: No payload available.


I was able to finally solve this.

Open Lutris

Configure your game

System Options (tab) > Environment Variables.

DXVK_HUD : 0

default setting is: "devinfo,fps,frametimes"


Polly (twitter client) problem authorization

I report your problem to the Polly developer via the official Polly Twitter Account (@PollyClient) and he answers this :

  Problem in different clients suggest an issue on Twitter's side. I
  suggest you just wait

Here is the tweet: https://twitter.com/PollyClient/status/279733286060843008


upgrading not finished: How to correct issues or even finish the upgrade?

For the borders and the white highlighting, it was due to Ambiance-dt that was enabled instead of Ambiance (system settings > appearance).

For the other problems, I did a new install, and no more freezing!


Sify broadband dialer client fail to install

I resolved above Sify problem i ubuntu 11.04 linux like this:

downloading sify client from:
https://sites.google.com/site/sifydialer/download
Before Installation,I need following things to be installed first:

  Java Runtime environment  ,
  "libmono-system-data2.0-cil"  via synaptic package manager

Then finally Install,it should probably give No error, although I    f it gives any error,then please refer the below link of Issue    resolution page of this client:    https://sites.google.com/site/sifydialer/troubleshoot

This issue has been resolved in the new package "connectplus_0.2-natty_all.deb" which can be download from "https://sites.google.com/site/sifydialer/download"


How do snap packages affect root partition size in 16.04?

Unless you have media files on /, 30GB will probably be enough space for a while.

We are still exploring how snaps are going to be used, so it's hard to give you numbers on this, but I wouldn't expect to need that much space unless you were wanting to install all the steam catalogue, as snaps, on a single system.


script for output which having same name as directory

I assume you want to have kind of a "summary file" that contains the line count of all files in each respective directory.

Using shell globs, like you did, it could be realized like this:

for directory in */ ; do
    wc -l "$directory"/* > "$directory/$(basename "$directory").txt"
done

First, I changed your glob for wc to match files inside the respective directory instead of your current folder, as I assume this is what you want to accomplish. Then I compose the target filename by substituting the output of the basename command, which returns the last component from the path it gets as argument (e.g. "foo" from "2018-11-16/foo/")

Note however that depending on your shell options, not all files might be matched. By default hidden files (filename starting with a .) are ignored, unless you have set the dotglob option set with shopt -s dotglob.


Does $release-updates includes $release-security?

At any given moment of time: No. (x3)

The channels are mutually exclusive. The security channels are fixes of the highest importance. The updates channels are for fixes that couldn't reach security, but still fixes of some sort. backports may contain bug fixes, but that is not their primary aim, and so it should not have anything in common with security or updates.

All packages go through proposed for testing before they reach security, updates or backports. For example gnutls-2.12.23-12ubuntu2.1 reached proposed in June, and is now in security.


I am creating an Ubuntu desktop and will do internet banking. Do I need VPN and antivirus?

With all these things -you- are the first and best protection. Do not do stupid things are you are fine.
Regarding AV:
You never need antivirus on Linux systems unless you use Windows and want an extra layer before files get to your Window desktop. The bigger threat for Linux servers are root kits but as with any of these threats: it will not work if it does not gain admin permissions. So generally: use a good password, don't type your password unless you expect it to be asked and it negates most of the problems related to these kind of issues.
As of today the Linux/Ubuntu security system has not been cracked. Individual systems might get hacked or infested (and most of the time those are servers that are badly configured or where an admin uses 12345 as a password) but generally it requires someone targeting you specifically. It is still  not possible to infect thousands of systems by releasing a script; like it is possible on Windows. Part of this is that Linux users also tend to be better educated on using computers and using the web.
Regarding banking:
Generally banks do not advice you to use a VPN so that should be a 1st indicator it is not really needed. It might even be bad: a VPN rotates locations so a bank might lock you out when it sees you log in from South America when you are in Europe.
A https connection to your bank's website should be enough. Where I live you also need a device (an e-identifier with your bank card or a phone with fingerprint login) to do as an extra check for every transaction you want to execute. That is more than enough.
Regarding VPN:
It is not a bad idea to use one generally, so not specific to banking. Opera has one built in in case you need one inside a browser. VPNs only protect against 3rd parties: your VPN provider is a "man in the middle" that can see any traffic that is not encrypted before you send it out. So make sure the VPN owner can sort of be trusted.


Not opening Ubuntu Software Center 12.04

have you try Appgrid?

sudo apt-get install appgrid

or here : http://www.appgrid.org/

Much better than Software Center