Run GUI on remote computer and control it from local computer

Why not use Desktop Sharing?

This is a front end for VNC, which will allow you to easily start up a Video Session (I guess that is the point of your question).

Personally I'd stay away from things like Teamviewer (it works, but security, Wine, authentication speak against it)


How to enable silent automatic updates for any repository?

First, install gksu:

sudo apt-get install gksu

The easiest of enabling unattended updates for your system is to edit the file 50unattended-upgrades inside /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/ with your favourite text editor, for example:

gksu gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades

In it you need to comment out the commented sections of the Allowed Origins block

Change

Unattended-Upgrade::Allowed-Origins {
        "${distro_id} ${distro_codename}-security";
//      "${distro_id} ${distro_codename}-updates";
//      "${distro_id} ${distro_codename}-proposed";
//      "${distro_id} ${distro_codename}-backports";
};

to

Unattended-Upgrade::Allowed-Origins {
        "${distro_id} ${distro_codename}-security";
        "${distro_id} ${distro_codename}-updates";
//      "${distro_id} ${distro_codename}-proposed";
//      "${distro_id} ${distro_codename}-backports";
};

For software that is not on the Ubuntu repos that you would like to update you need to add a origin and archive to the file. To find what those are for your PPAs open the folder /var/lib/apt/lists/, that is the storage area for state information for each package resource. What you are looking for is the files that end with Release in the name.

Open one with your text editor, ie for Google Chrome:

  gedit /var/lib/apt/lists/dl.google.com_linux_chrome_deb_dists_stable_Release

Origin: Google, Inc.
Label: Google
Suite: stable
Codename: stable
Version: 1.0
Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2011 19:09:01 +0000
Architectures: i386 amd64
Components: main
Description: Google chrome-linux repository.

The origin is obvious (Origin: Google, Inc.) and the archive will be whatever is under the line Suite (Suite: stable).

If either Origin or Suite is missing then they will be the empty string. But note that if both are missing then probably it will not be possible to use that source with unattended upgrades without including other sources with the same issue.

After you noted those 2 lines you need to edit the 50unattended-upgrades file and add the lines using this format "<origin>:<archive>"; of for this examples sake "Google\, Inc.:stable";.

Google Chrome's origin is kinda tricky because it has a space a end point and a comma in it but most Release files will be easy to read.

As another example, Node JS source specifies an origin (Node Source) but not an archive; so you can match it with "Node Source:";.

Allowed Origins is matched using shell-style wildcards (more specifically, with Python's fnmatch()). If you're careful enough to not include conflicting sources it's possible to write things like "Node *:*";.

Do not forget to make a backup of your 50unattended-upgrades file before editing it, do that with sudo cp /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades.bak.

To test the changes done on the file you can use sudo unattended-upgrades with the parameters --dry-run and --debug.

--dry-run will run an unattended upgrades cycle except it will not really install the upgrades, only check and verify that everything is ok.

--debug will enable verbose mode.

You can always check the logs for unattended-upgrades at /var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades.log.

You can change the configuration of the unattended upgrades by editing the file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic, options for the configuration are in the /etc/cron.daily/apt script header. Read them to configure the frequency of the unattended upgrades.


Is it possible to use both SLI and two monitors at the same time on Ubuntu with Nvidia?

Maybe this will help, I'm using nvidia both at home and at work.

In the one machine I have a GX550 Ti (home) and in the other 2 Quatro 2000 cards. On both machines I have 3 monitors connected.

To make this work I had to configure each monitor on there own xserver.

In Nvidia X Server Settings → X Server Display Configuration: select the monitor which is disabled or hidden behind the other monitor.
In the Configuration pull down menu add new xserver. Also enable the Xinerama check box.
Drag the screen to fit your need.
The next is important: Click Save to X Configuration File and save the configuration in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.

You will have to restart the Display Manager or reboot your computer.

If any thing goes wrong you can always delete the /etc/X11/xorg.conf and reboot.

Some times (not very often) have I problems with the display configuration. Then the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file is renamed by system to something like /etc/X11/xorg.conf.062914. To fix it just copy: sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf.062914 /etc/X11/xorg.conf and reboot

You will often see application complain about XRAND is missing but it will not give any problems. Some standard display configuration apps will not work and you will have to use NVidia Settings.

Hopes this solves your problem.


Can I have shortcuts for applications in the upper panel?

This is not possible, the top panel is a menu bar not a place to put shortcuts, you can put xkill on the launcher though.


Installing Ubuntu Server 12.04 on HighPoint RocketRAID 2720SGL RAID 5

Advice: don't use the RocketRAID in the first place - or at least not as more than a SATA controller.  For pretty much any conceivable setup, mdraid will thoroughly outperform it... and won't leave you dependent on a quirky proprietary setup, to boot.

(I say this as someone who has actually used RocketRAID controllers for years, because they supported FreeBSD incredibly well and directly.  They don't do so well with Linux, though, and they just aren't very high performance.)

If you want some tips on how to set up your server using kernel raid (mdraid), feel free to come back with questions about that. :)


You must know that in the linux world almost everything is case-sensitive.

So JDownloader is not the same as jdownloader as outlined in that tutorial.

The correct command is sudo apt-get install jdownloader.


Synaptics touchpad not working with Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS and 19.04

After updating the BIOS and re-installing Ubuntu 19.04 as a full install, I can confirm the mouse is now working normally.


How to remove GNOME Shell from Ubuntu 18.04 LTS to install other desktop environment from scratch?

The single long command for GNOME Shell removal is below
sudo apt purge adwaita-icon-theme gedit-common gir1.2-gdm-1.0 \
gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0 gir1.2-gnomedesktop-3.0 gir1.2-goa-1.0 \
gnome-accessibility-themes gnome-bluetooth gnome-calculator gnome-calendar \
gnome-characters gnome-control-center gnome-control-center-data \
gnome-control-center-faces gnome-desktop3-data \
gnome-font-viewer gnome-getting-started-docs gnome-getting-started-docs-ru \
gnome-initial-setup gnome-keyring gnome-keyring-pkcs11 gnome-logs \
gnome-mahjongg gnome-menus gnome-mines gnome-online-accounts \
gnome-power-manager gnome-screenshot gnome-session-bin gnome-session-canberra \
gnome-session-common gnome-settings-daemon \
gnome-shell gnome-shell-common gnome-shell-extension-appindicator \
gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock \
gnome-startup-applications gnome-sudoku gnome-system-monitor gnome-terminal \
gnome-terminal-data gnome-themes-extra gnome-themes-extra-data gnome-todo \
gnome-todo-common gnome-user-docs gnome-user-docs-ru gnome-video-effects \
language-pack-gnome-en language-pack-gnome-en-base language-pack-gnome-ru \
language-pack-gnome-ru-base language-selector-gnome libgail18 libgail18 \
libgail-common libgail-common libgnome-autoar-0-0 libgnome-bluetooth13 \
libgnome-games-support-1-3 libgnome-games-support-common \
libgnomekbd8 libgnomekbd-common libgnome-menu-3-0 libgnome-todo libgoa-1.0-0b \
libgoa-1.0-common libpam-gnome-keyring libsoup-gnome2.4-1 libsoup-gnome2.4-1 \
nautilus-extension-gnome-terminal pinentry-gnome3 \
gnome-settings-daemon-schemas gnome-software-common libappstream-glib8:amd64 libgdm1 ubuntu-sounds

sudo apt autoremove --purge

Note: if one have previously installed Vanilla GNOME desktop manually by sudo apt install vanilla-gnome-desktop and/or Ubuntu GNOME desktop by sudo apt install ubuntu-gnome-desktop and/or GNOME FlashBack by sudo apt install gnome-flashback gnome-panel and/or full GNOME by sudo apt install gnome - one have to execute extra removal commands below:
sudo apt purge adwaita-icon-theme geogebra-gnome gir1.2-gtd-1.0 \
gnome-accessibility-profiles gnome-applets-data gnome-audio gnome-backgrounds \
gnome-cards-data gnome-common gnome-desktop-testing gnome-dvb-daemon \
gnome-exe-thumbnailer gnome-extra-icons gnome-flashback-common \
gnome-humility-icon-theme gnome-hwp-support gnome-icon-theme \
gnome-icon-theme-gartoon gnome-icon-theme-gartoon-redux \
gnome-icon-theme-gperfection2 gnome-icon-theme-nuovo gnome-icon-theme-suede \
gnome-icon-theme-yasis gnome-mime-data gnome-nds-thumbnailer \
gnome-packagekit-data gnome-panel-control gnome-panel-data \
gnome-pkg-tools gnome-recipes-data gnome-settings-daemon-dev \
gnome-shell-pomodoro-data gnome-software-common gnome-software-doc \
gnome-theme-gilouche gnome-video-effects-extra gnome-video-effects-frei0r \
guile-gnome2-dev guile-gnome2-glib libgnome-autoar-doc libgnomecanvas2-common \
libgnomecanvas2-doc libgnomecanvasmm-2.6-doc libgnome-todo-dev \
libopenrawgnome7:amd64 libopenrawgnome-dev libreoffice-gnome libxine2-gnome:amd64 \
nautilus-sendto pidgin-gnome-keyring plymouth-theme-ubuntu-gnome-logo \
plymouth-theme-ubuntu-gnome-text ubuntu-gnome-wallpapers \
ubuntu-gnome-wallpapers-trusty ubuntu-gnome-wallpapers-utopic \
ubuntu-gnome-wallpapers-xenial ubuntu-gnome-wallpapers-yakkety

sudo apt autoremove --purge

Then one can install any desktop environment of interest with commands like:

Cinnamon - sudo apt install cinnamon-desktop-environment
KDE as in Kubuntu - sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop^
MATE as in Ubuntu MATE - sudo apt install ubuntu-mate-desktop^
Unity - sudo apt install ubuntu-unity-desktop
Xfce as in Xubuntu - sudo apt install xubuntu-desktop^

then reboot, select newly installed desktop session and login to it.


But how are the LiveISOs being built in the first place?

Packages are pulled directly from the repositories.

  E: The repository 'file:/root/packages ./ Release' is not signed

LiveBuild has their source code available. Line 246+ is of importance to you.
Signing is skipped if LB_APT_SECURE is "false". Maybe you do not have that in your configuration?


After upgrade to 14.10 and Gnome 3.14.1 keyboard layout is not switching

UPDATE: It is fixed now ... see below.

This problem has been reported as a bug in Ubuntu GNOME:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-gnome/+bug/1385844

It looks like a cause of the problem has been found. Hopefully, developers will prepare a fix soon. I will update this answer when something changes.

UPDATE 2014/11/12:

In mentioned bug reported you can find a link to package prepared by one of the users, here is the link as well: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-gnome/+bug/1385844/+attachment/4259037/+files/gnome-settings-daemon_3.14.0-1ubuntu1~utopic1_amd64.deb

It fixes the problem for me but beware ... Ubuntu will try to update this package back to official with the same version, so don't let it do it.

UPDATE 2014/12/04:

It is fixed with new version 3.14.2-0ubuntu1~utopic1 of gnome-settings-daemon from GNOME Team's Staging PPA.


Ubuntu software not showing any software

Change the Download from server in Software & Updates. I had mine set on to a nearby Swedish one (which maybe itself has not updated yet). I changed to a more official looking UK server and Ubuntu software is now working.


Ubuntu 12.10

I. Install Unsettings. Type in terminal

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:diesch/testing

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install unsettings

Open Unsettings. You can try 2 changes.

First, go to Dash > Blur and select No blur.

Second, go to Themes and change Graphics Mode to Force low graphics mode.

II. Install the Compiz Config Settings Manager. Type in terminal

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Open the compiz manager. Go to OpenGL and select Texture Filter > Fast

Remember to log out!


Trying to install kubuntu from CD, but Windows10 overrides saying boot config is wrong

I guess problem is with win10 boot mechanism. It doesn't accept Linux boot loader. You should try with new Ubuntu/Kubuntu version (made after windows 8) or install Linux on second physical drive (if you have one), then before boot you choose, which drive computer should start from (should be keyboard shortcut set in BIOS, on my computer this is F12).

If both are not possible you may try to upgrade grub, however I've never been doing this so I don't know what you should expect.


phpmyadmin doesn't connection with true data

I think the reason of the problem is that in Ubuntu 18.04 the default authentication method for the MySQL's root user is socket authentication. For example within the command line you can login as root by using sudo mysql instead of mysql -u'root' -p.
You can switch to mysql_native_password or even better you can create another user for web login and grant all privileges to this user. So let's assume the user you want to create is named webroot - you can create it by the following commands:

$ sudo mysql
mysql> CREATE USER 'webroot'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'your_strong_password';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'webroot'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> exit;

References:

How To Install MySQL on Ubuntu 18.04
Create MySQL Database, Table & User From Command Line Guide


How can I quickly change the audio stream to a different device in KDE Plasma?

To change your audio devices in KDE/Plasma, I used the "Phonon Audio and Video" application to change the device priorities. I setup the priorities in Audio Playback, then "Apply(ed) Device List to .." everything else.


How to solve the problem of untrusted application launcher in ubuntu 18.04?

Right click the launcher icon (MahaSecure.desktop file as per your screenshot) and select Properties. Then go to the Permissions tab and check the "Allow executing file as program" option.

Then double-click on the launcher icon. It may ask you to "trust and launch". Do it.


I had the same issue and the command suggested by Christoph didn't help. I started fiddling with my GNOME settings in GNOME Tweaks and found the culprit to be the Paper icon theme. Switching to another icon theme followed by moving the mouse over the misplaced icons fixed the issue for me.


Unable to connect via Mobile Broadband - But its detected - 12.10

This happened  due to bugs(or bug) in the ModemManager 0.6.0.0 which shipped with Ubuntu 12.10. You can remove this modem manager version and downgrade in to 0.5.2.

To check modem manager version : dpkg -s modemmanager

download 0.5.2 version : link 64 --- i386


Problem with copying "/home/phablet/" from ubuntu phone to Linux PC

Do You know the adb tools?

Here are some instructions how it should work for you*:

Install adb tools on your Ubuntu desktop PC: sudo apt-get install adb
Enable developer mode at your Ubuntu Touch Device: System settings > about > deleoper mode
Connect your device via USB to your PC.
Use adb pull to pull files and folders:adb pull /home/phablet/. ./backup
If you use adb tools the first time, you will need to confirm access at the device and start this command again.
Go and drink some coffee and have a great time until transfer is finished.
Go for your holidays.

*written with Ubuntu Touch, Nexus 4.


Turns out my on-board network controller was known to be an issue with Ubuntu.
Lucky I am at work and not at home.
Switched out to a new computer and Ubunutu worked first install.

On-board Network controller was Qualcomm Atheros AR8161 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 08)


Libreoffice Writer, part of the Libreoffice suite can save documents in HTML format.

Following FedonKadifeli's comment however, thinking along documentation generators, here is a list of them on Wikipedia.
Without any personal experience using it, I would highlight Sphinx (Also, its wikipedia page), because a high number of reputable projects use it (and I remember my positive impressions coming across some of them).
Here is an example documentation, that demonstrate its features for providing ergonomic and eye-pleasing interfaces. To achieve that look in the example, it needs this theme.
The Sphinx website's examples page also offers an insight into the range of projects / organizations that rely on it.


Using a patch to modify drivers for surface pro 3

No patches required for latest Ubuntu nightly (kernel is 3.10.0-11 currently).  Except battery is not detected, there is a one line patch for that.  To get the touchpad to work, just add this to /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-evdev.conf

Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "Surface Pro 3 cover"
    MatchIsPointer "on"
    MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
    Driver "evdev"
    Option "vendor" "045e"
    Option "product" "07dc"
    Option "IgnoreAbsoluteAxes" "True"
EndSection


Encrypted drive (full disk encryption) gone after upgrade to 14.04

If you can mount the drive from the live CD, I would set up a chroot environment, and then chroot into the partition. Then, you can use update-grub or similar to fix grub. I assume you mount your cryptfs into /mnt/ and you use grub.

Setting up chroot

Taken from here, run as root:

for f in proc sys dev ; do mount --bind /$f /mnt/$f ; done

To set up the /dev/proc etc.

Starting the chroot

sudo chroot /mnt

Repair Grub

update-grub

That should update your grub setup. After that you are all done, reboot.

If that does not work, we need more detail on your grub configuration and partitions.


Host-only network with Virtual box and Windows host machine: cannot find device eth1

To see a list of the adapters your virtual machine can access, use this:

ls /sys/class/net

This will show you the interface names. For example, with two network adapters set up, my Ubuntu guest looks like this.

eth1  eth2  lo


Correct way to apply patches to your kernel?

You need to download the source. You can do this via apt-src but I would (personally) just grab the latest from kernel.org, extract it, patch it (just using local paths like the desktop, it doesn't need to be hidden in /usr/src at all!) and follow the "old fashioned way" instructions for compiling it.

Note that some patches are only for certain versions of the kernel (this includes point releases) so make sure your patch works for the source version before you waste 20-30 minutes compiling it.

But your specific problem is you need to be in the directory that you want to apply the patch to. In your case:

cd /usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35.22/
patch -p1 < /path/to/file.diff

Obviously change the path to the patch (or stick it in the same directory). If the source files are owned by root, prefix sudo onto the patch command or run sudo su to become root while you do this.


Apt says there is 1 not updated, but there are no updates

Best guess

My best guess is you suffered a bug fix for this bug: Want to update from 17.04 to 18.04, but do-release-upgrade fails.

Essentially the OP was using 17.04, wanted to upgrade to 17.10 but it took him/her to 18.04 which is invalid because it's not an officially sanctioned version yet.

It would appear rather than taking away the upgrade to 18.04 option the programmers simply suppressed the option from upgrading to 18.04. That said I would only upgrade to 18.04 in a quarantined environment (separate partition / non production) and extensive testing. Some ideas:

Create a 18.04 Live USB with persistent storage.
Boot from the USB and select "Try before Installing".
Install your mission critical applications to the USB's persistent storage.
Test your applications with a COPY of your data.
Do not test the programs on the real live data on sdX.
Try out your USB keyboards and mice.
Try out your printer(s).
Access your favorite websites and download files.
Test suspend and resume.
Test Fn keys for volume and brightness.
Make a keyboard shortcut and ensure it works ok.
Test systemd, cron and other system utilities.
If you've written scripts, copy them over and test them.
Test xrandr functions you have used before.
Run CPU & RAM stress tests. System benchmarks might be helpful too.
Remember 18.04 uses Unity 7.5 but 16.04 uses Unity 7.4 I think.
Of course you should test Anything else you can think of


How about installing the missing program:

http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/zenity

zenit is there to "Display graphical dialog boxes from shell scripts" which I presume your install script needs.

Since the win7 theme requires you to run gnome you can either change the underlying ubuntu (if it is a fresh install and you don't mind re-installing) or you go and hunt for a KDE based win7 theme. There is some discussion here: http://www.pclinuxos.com/forum/index.php?topic=71972.0

Report back which one mentioned there worked for you.

It is not clear why you chose Kubuntu when now it turns out you want Gnome because for some reason you are keen on the win7 theme. People have discussed the differences of KDE vs Gnome in detail. Give it a read. If you think you need Kubuntu but would like to install Gnome try this guide which boils down to this.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

Be warned that this will probably make for a messy mix of KDE and Gnome in some application menus. I'd advise to go for a Ubuntu (Gnome) re-installation if that's what you need anyway...


Check if DHCP server is giving you nameservers.
In terminal window type:

cat /etc/resolv.conf

My resolv.conf:

# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 192.168.0.1

If not, the simply solution is adding nameservers by hand.
However, if you experience this, you have a problem in DHCP Server.


The updated free -m output is different from the referenced 2010 post you pointed at.

The 'Available' value is the one you want to look at; it takes into account the buffers and cache now.  So in your system, you have 4710MB of memory available out of 7903MB of available memory on your system.


If you want to do it the (very) easy way download the boot repair disk and burn it to a cd, and boot from the cd.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

http://sourceforge.net/projects/boot-repair-cd/files/


Short answer: you can't, at least not right now.

Explanation:

When Ubuntu runs into a switchable graphics situation, it will use the integrated graphics by default and keep doing so until a proprietary driver is installed for the discrete graphics.

Now, you may be thinking, "great, I can just install the proprietary drivers for my AMD card." Well, unfortunately, you can't. Up until 16.04, AMD provided a proprietary graphics driver for Linux known as fglrx. This worked nicely (for the cards that were supported, but that's a different issue) until AMD decided it would not be supporting its Linux driver anymore.

Unsupported doesn't necessarily mean incompatible. There was the possibility of fglrx working on 16.04, but it's been shown that fglrx does not work with 16.04. Users on 16.04 are currently stuck with generic drivers for their AMD card, forcing them to use integrated graphics if they have that setup.

I believe there is a new proprietary driver in the making, but it's very buggy and not worth attempting to install just yet. For now, if you need the performance from your discrete card, you will have to downgrade to 15.10 or 14.04 (if you want LTS).


Is there a way to make a mounted gvfs volume shortcut on the desktop or home folder?

I just created a symbolic link for the directory I wanted in my home folder, and used Nautilus to "Create Link" and then placed that on my desktop. Worked a charm.


Hibernation option to system menu on Ubuntu 14.04

I found a working solution here:
http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2014/04/enable-hibernate-ubuntu-14-04/

Question solved.


How to get the calender from 10.04 or a similar alternative?

The calendar in Ubuntu (current versions) can show the day of the week as well as different locations. If you have trouble enabling these from the standard system settings, then install unity-tweak-tool to enable those features.

However, as for showing the weather in the calendar, this is no longer possible. You'd need to install a weather indicator, such as My-Weather-Indicator.

Instructions to install it are below:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/atareao
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install my-weather-indicator

Source: http://www.noobslab.com/2014/04/my-weather-indicator-version-066.html

I will update this answer later with screenshots and further instructions.


Auto mounted disk not allowing to create virtualenv

If anyone interested I solved my problem by removing both out
#user1
UUID=123FSDF345233 /media/user1/Disk ntfs uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=000,sync,auto,rw 0 0

#user2
UUID=123FSDF345233 /media/user1/Disk ntfs uid=1001,gid=1002,umask=000,sync,auto,rw 0 0

and replacing those with a single command in /etc/fstab where sdb6 is our drive with UUID=123FSDF345233
dev/sdb6 /media/user1/Disk ntfs auto


How to configure default width for left Nautilus column?

Use the command:

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.window-state sidebar-width X

where X is the default width in pixels


How do i explain to Xubuntu that some drive is actually internal?

Based on the fact that only your optical drive and your card reader are reported as removable and the entry /dev/mapper/largevg-work in your fstab, it looks to me like you are confusing a Logical Volume with a physical drive/partition. You might find How do I check / modify LVM state on a pre-installed system? useful, as well as comments 7 and 8 on this bug report. There's a good explanation of the differences between logical and physical volumes here. Since an LVM is assembled from physical volumes and is a logical (virtualized) construct rather than a physical one, it can be changed (I.E. removable). Think of it like your optical drive or card reader in that while both of those devices have physical components, you can change the volume being accessed, hence they are considered removable.


Considering your mouse is not working -

Press Super key for opening Dash

Search the term System Settings make enter on it

Go to Display

If there is mention Unknown Moniter disable it.

Use Tab key for navigation and enter for selecting.

Hope it solves your issue.


md0p2 is an extended partition which contains the logical partitions md0p5 and
  md0p6. You can find out the mount-point in terminal with mount or findmnt.

Thanks to mook765 I got it. I still dont know how md0p1 got there.
For anybody searching for an answer to solve this:
In a running system its impossible to get md0p5 bigger without risky tricks (dont even think about it if you're running a server).

Short: I just mounted another HDD and cloned the full OS over to that disk, startet ubuntu from that disk and then set up the original md0 disk how i wanted it, cloned ubuntu back and set the rest up. Needed some time but problem is solved.


How to connect to PEAP enterprise wifi networks that has no inner authentication

So, I found an answer months after asking this.

I ticked the box:

  No CA certificate is required

See screenshot for the settings.


what can I do to be member of the ubuntu community?

You can become one of the Ubuntu Member with many ways of contributions.

In Ask Ubuntu helping others with answers and earning some Reputation and then apply to Ubuntu Membership.
Join in Ubuntuforums and then do postings , earn some beans and there also you can apply for Ubuntu Membership.
Join in Ubuntu Bug Squad , Testing Team, Ubuntu +1 and do some work & through that also you can get Ubuntu Membership.

Some super links for you

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Membership/NewMember.
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Forums/Membership
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Membership


Caffeine

You could give caffeine a try - quoting the launchpad page:

  A status bar application able to temporarily prevent the activation of
  both the screensaver and the "sleep" powersaving mode.


How to avoid files being replaced with older versions in Ubuntu One?

The main cause of this is when you save a LibreOffice file directly to your Ubuntu One folder. What happens is that LO autosaves every so often, and if that happens while you're uploading a file to U1, then you may actually have three different copies. There really is a conflict so Ubuntu keeps all of them. They're renamed to filename.u1conflict so you can look at their ages and rename them.

One "solution" is to deactivate autosave in LibreOffice. Another is to save to an unsynced folder and then copy it once in a while. I personally choose the latter though none of the approaches are perfect.  I think we would really need a Ubuntu One extension for LibreOffice for it to really work well.


How to remove Xubuntu load/shutdown screen

If you are hoping to completely uninstall Xubuntu and go back to pure Ubuntu, I have found that this command works for me (tested on Ubuntu 15.04):

(It's a long one but here you go:)

sudo apt-get remove abiword abiword-common abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview alacarte bison blueman brltty-x11 catfish espeak exo-utils flex fonts-droid fonts-lyx gigolo gmusicbrowser gnome-system-tools gnome-time-admin gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs gthumb gthumb-data gtk2-engines-pixbuf indicator-application-gtk2 indicator-sound-gtk2 leafpad  libbison-dev libdigest-crc-perl libexo-1-0 libexo-common libexo-helpers libfl-dev libgarcon-1-0 libgarcon-common libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libglade2-0 libgnomevfs2-0 libgnomevfs2-common libgnomevfs2-extra libgsf-1-114 libgsf-1-common libgstreamer-perl libgtk2-notify-perl libgtk2-trayicon-perl libgtkmathview0c2a libgtkspell0 libido-0.1-0 libindicate-gtk3 libintl-perl libjpeg-progs libjpeg-turbo-progs libkeybinder0 liblink-grammar4 libloudmouth1-0 libnet-dbus-perl liboobs-1-5 libots0 librarian0 libsexy2 libtagc0 libthunarx-2-0 libtidy-0.99-0 libtie-ixhash-perl libtumbler-1-0 libunique-1.0-0 libvte-common libvte9 libwv-1.2-4 libxfce4ui-1-0 libxfce4ui-utils libxfce4util-bin libxfce4util-common libxfcegui4-4 libxfconf-0-2 libxml-parser-perl libxml-twig-perl libxml-xpath-perl lightdm-gtk-greeter link-grammar-dictionaries-en m4 orage parole pastebinit pavucontrol pidgin pidgin-data pidgin-libnotify pidgin-microblog pidgin-otr plymouth-theme-xubuntu-logo plymouth-theme-xubuntu-text python-configobj rarian-compat ristretto screensaver-default-images scrollkeeper shimmer-themes system-tools-backends tcl8.5 thunar thunar-archive-plugin thunar-data thunar-media-tags-plugin thunar-volman ttf-droid tumbler tumbler-common xbrlapi xchat xchat-common xfburn xfce-keyboard-shortcuts xfce4-appfinder xfce4-cpugraph-plugin xfce4-dict xfce4-indicator-plugin xfce4-mailwatch-plugin xfce4-netload-plugin xfce4-notes xfce4-notes-plugin xfce4-notifyd xfce4-panel xfce4-places-plugin xfce4-power-manager xfce4-power-manager-data xfce4-quicklauncher-plugin xfce4-screenshooter xfce4-session xfce4-settings xfce4-systemload-plugin xfce4-taskmanager xfce4-terminal xfce4-verve-plugin xfce4-volumed xfce4-weather-plugin xfce4-xkb-plugin xfconf xfdesktop4 xfdesktop4-data xfwm4 xscreensaver xscreensaver-data xscreensaver-gl xubuntu-artwork xubuntu-default-settings xubuntu-desktop xubuntu-docs xubuntu-icon-theme xubuntu-wallpapers && sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

I believe that the specific command in the list that removes the XFCE logo screen is:

sudo apt-get remove plymouth-theme-xubuntu-logo

Although this will onyl remove the XFCE screen and not re-install the Ubuntu one, as that would require the command below to be used:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

That will re-install the standard ubuntu desktop items such as the logo screens

Alternativly, you could try to install a custom logo screen similar to this: Custom Logo Screen

Let me know how this works for you,

T3CHI5


Nobody really cared about this question and I couldn't solve it. I DID however find a workaround, or maybe even the proper solution.

To get the VPN service to work, I just allowed each authentication type and disabled point-to-point encryption.

VPN works fine now.


How to undo 'List Only' permission for folder?

If you don't need to give some rights to some users/groups and some other rights to some other users/groups, I  think you can change permnssions you need to change accessing via terminal to the parent directory, then giving a

sudo -i

and finally

chmod [-R] xxx /path/to/your/folder

(don't forget to close root shell by exit or simply giving the previous command using sudo:
sudo chmod [-R] xxx /path/to/your/folder )

where -R means recursively, i.e. it changes permissions as indicated by *xxx*to every file and subdirectory in it and xxx is the set of permissions you want to state.

I've used "xxx" but each "x" stays for "rwx" by powers of 2 (three values for Owner, Group, Others), so rwx,rwx,rwx will be 777 (1*2^2+1*2^1+1*2^0=4+2+1=7, three times) and the "list only" you actually have, r--,r--,r--, will be 444 (1*2^2+0*2^1+0*2^0=4+0+0=4, three times).

Cheers,

Silvia


Problem after trying to install 64bit Ubuntu using Wubi from mounted iso file

There is problem with Grub loader and you have overwritten Grub on windows boot loader
first you have to fix mbr in windows.

You can do this with the windows installation disk. After booting Disk choose repair option

Select Cmd then type the following commands

bootrec/fixmbr
bootrec/fixboot

Then Reboot

This will remove grub loader and let you run windows.

First delete ubuntu partitiion you created.

For dual boot system first create partition  using disk management utility. You can find it by right click on my computer > manage> disk management from left panel.

Make bootable media of Ubuntu

In Ubuntu installation you have to install root system in the blank partition you created, once done you then reboot

You will now have the options for choosing system (Ubuntu or Windows)


Skip explicit selection of package (and force download of the latest)

With a quick hack:

sudo apt-get install \
    $(sudo apt-get install -s lua | \
        awk '/^ +lua/' | \
        cut -d : -f 1 | \
        sort -Vu -k2 | \
        awk 'END {print $1}')

or

package="lua"
sudo apt-get install \
    $(sudo apt-get install -s "$package" | \
        awk '/^ +'"$package"'/' | \
        cut -d : -f 1 | \
        sort -Vu -k2 | \
        awk 'END {print $1}')

$ sudo apt-get install \
    $(sudo apt-get install -s lua | \
        awk '/^ +lua/' | \
        cut -d : -f 1 | \
        sort -Vu -k2 | \
        awk 'END {print $1}')
E: Package 'lua' has no installation candidate
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  lua5.3
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 103 kB of archives.
After this operation, 379 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily/main lua5.3 amd64 5.3.1-1 [103 kB]
Fetched 103 kB in 0s (215 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package lua5.3.
(Reading database ... 419661 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../lua5.3_5.3.1-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking lua5.3 (5.3.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.4-1) ...
Setting up lua5.3 (5.3.1-1) ...


command line app to burn part of a long .wav to audio cd

Use ffmpeg

ffmpeg -ss 00:00:00 -t 01:00:00 -i your.wav -acodec copy short.wav

Adjust the time ( -t ) until the file is about 700 Mb


I found something here that might help you
link!

I am suggesting you to reinstall ubuntu and the drivers without deleting the files.


I'm not sure I undestand your problem. If you only have one computer why do you even want NFS? this should tell you all you need
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SettingUpNFSHowTo


Need help creating subdirectories to store files with dates in them


Using 12.04 LTS, Update Manager offers 12.10 but not 12.04.2

The version 12.04.2 isn't a real version of Ubuntu, it is a meta version.
To avoid long waits for updates following a new installations of the LTS versions, Canonical is releasing new installation images every 6 months or so, to allow users to users to install the LTS version on new computers without having to deal with updating (almost) every single package in the system.


Unablt to install solr tomcat in ubuntu 14.04

This answer fixed the issue for me.

  From terminal :

sudo gedit /etc/default/tomcat7

Find commented JAVA_HOME, uncomment and change the directory to your JDK environment.


I had the same confusion when moving from Windows. "Where's the installer executable to download and install?" I would ask.

In Ubuntu you've got a few other options, mainly the Software Centre (graphical) or a command-line installer like apt-get. I like apt-get. Once you get used to it (and trust it), it is so much easier.

On the command-line, try this:

sudo apt-get install eclipse

Enter password, confirm the download (because it's ~200Mb), and it will get and install the application for you.

If you don't have an executable in your system, typing the name in the command-line will often give you useful suggestions of what packages to download. So if you're looking for javac, say, entering it will give you a number of package target names that contain the javac program.

When you want specific versions of applications, things get a little more involved. If you can track down the .deb file you want, Ubuntu will recognise it as such and bring up the Software Centre installer screen if you double-click on it. If you have a tar file as you mentioned above, generally you extract it and then run an executable contained within it. But with tar files you may run into library compatibility issues.


The following bug in Ubuntu 16.10 might be related:  network-manager does not manage ethernet and bluetooth interfaces when Ubuntu 16.10 is installed using chroot/netboot method

First try running the following command:

sudo nmcli dev set enp8s0 managed yes

If you get the error message:

  Error: Device 'enp8s0' not found.

Try running the command below:

ip link show

and look for a device name similar to enp8s0 and substitute it in the original command.

If the that didn't solve the problem, try running the following (backup orig file, and create 0 bytes file instead)

sudo mv /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-globally-managed-devices.conf  /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-globally-managed-devices.conf_orig
sudo touch /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-globally-managed-devices.conf

  @datka reported a different location for The file 10-globally-managed-devices.conf so the commands should be:

sudo mv /usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-globally-managed-devices.conf  /usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-globally-managed-devices.conf_orig
sudo touch /usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-globally-managed-devices.conf

The reboot, or restart the Network Manager service:

sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager

or the old way:

sudo service network-manager restart


You can disable the global menu for all applications. Look here.

You can also make the menu appear on the window title bar, by going to Appearance > Behaviour.


firefox crashes when trying to follow your links... Try to put more info in your question. How are you configuring the raid? With a controller? Booting from raid is not only risky, but a pain in the you know what. suggest getting another drive - cheap is ok - boot from that then configure your other two drives as a raid array.


How to fix error while installing wine, clamak, apache2 etc?

Maybe you could try moving or deleting "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb.list.bck". It probably won't do any damage since it's a backup file.


No, you cannot. It's not a lack of features problem, but limitation of the IPv6 protocol specification.

Here's why:

The "automagically" you are refering to is StateLess Address AutoConfiguration (SLAAC), . The specification for SLAAC says that it works with a 64 bit netmask (meaning that the first 64 bits (16 hex characters) of the address must be the same for the address to be considered in the same block and used on this network segment).

By definition, a router is a machine that is on at least 2 different network segments. In fact, a router gets it's name from the fact that it routes traffic between the two segments.

(The "segment" I'm referring to here is a collection of switch(es) directly connected to each other (with no intermediate routers) and the PC and other "dead end" devices connected to those switches. )

When a networked machine (PC, server, etc) wants to send traffic to an address, it must decide if the address it wants to reach is directly reachable (on the same segment) or not (not on the same segment, and therefore must go through a router to get to the right segment). To do this, the computer looks at the configured netmask. A netmask simply tells the computer that if the address it wants to reach has the same first X bits in common with the computer's own address, then the address is on the same segment, and the computer should contact the address directly (using ICMPv6 neighbor discovery protocol). If the first X bits are not in common, then the address is part of another block of addresses and on a different segment, necessitating sending the traffic through a router to get to the right segment.

With the SLAAC that is happening on one interface of your Ubuntu machine, the netmask is defined as being 64 bits by the protocol specification. There is not a way to claim a smaller portion of that /64 netmask block and use it on another interface and segment with SLAAC, for two reasons. First, SLAAC requires a 64 bit netmask. If you were to carve a smaller block out of a 64 bit netmask block, the smaller block would by its very nature not be a 64 bit netmask block, because a larger netmask means a smaller block. (For example, a 65 bit netmask block is half the size of a 64 bit netmask block). Second, all of the other machines on the network that currently has the 64 bit netmask block advertised with SLAAC are expecting the entire block to be directly reachable on that segment, and are not expecting to have to go through your router to reach part of that block.

Now, there is a way around this, but not by your Ubuntu machine acting as a router. You can configure ports on a Ubuntu machine to act as a switch, transparently passing traffic between the ports without modifying it. In doing so, your machine will get a new interface that acts as if it was connected to a third port on this virtual switch. That will allow you to get any configuration you need (including SLAAC) to your Ubuntu machine and give it network access, while still allowing traffic to flow untouched between the two physical interfaces on your machine. This makes it so that your machine and the two networks on it's physical interface all become the same segment (because your machine is doing the job of a switch).

To do this, you will want to set up a bridge. You will want to install the bridge-utils package. You will then want to remove any addresses/configuration from your current physical interface. Then you will want to do:

brctl addbr br0
brctl addif br0 intefacename1
brctl addif br0 intefacename2
ifconfig br0 up
ifconfig intefacename1 up
ifconfig intefacename2 up

and then add any configuration you used to need on the physical interface to the new interface br0. You may want to take a look at https://wiki.debian.org/BridgeNetworkConnections and https://wiki.debian.org/NetworkConfiguration#Bridging for more details (especially how to make the configuration apply across reboots in /etc/network/interfaces).


How to setup fingerprint login on dell inspiron 5370

I was looking into it but I do not think there is driver support for the Goodix Finger Print scanner in Linux yet, and was being discussed here.


I've never heard of nvidia drivers affecting the color managment portion of the OS. All i can say is, make sure to have a .icm prepared already for the linux system, rather than try and make one after you install.

What your problem might be also, stems from OpenGL. In many cases, games with OpenGL will cause the color profile to be disabled, meaning you have to re-load the color profiles.

That's all I got, good luck.


How can I install Unity after installing Desktop Edition?

You just need to install the package ubuntu-netbook.


I don't know how to access my created file

If you have a UTP cable running and you have internet connection you can install midnight commander and turn on the light.

sudo apt install mc

Then start mc with:

mc

It has a build in viewer and editor too and much more.
You will be able to find and view your file with ease.


How can I record the screen (or screencast) in text mode?

You can use script to save everything printed or typed in the terminal.

From the script manpage:

DESCRIPTION

   script makes a typescript of everything displayed on your terminal.  It
   is useful for students who need a hardcopy  record  of  an  interactive
   session  as  proof  of  an  assignment.

To use script:

script termout.txt

This will save all the screen contents to "termout.txt". Type exit to stop script


Disabling constant RTS and DTR on Serial to usb adapter

stty -F /dev/ttySX crtscts (modify the /dev/ttySX to match your device). This enables RTS/CTS hardware flow control in the Linux device driver. Then when a DTE (such as a PC) wants to stop the flow into it, it negates RTS. Negated "Request To Send" (-12 volts) means "request NOT to send to me" (stop sending). When the PC is ready for more bytes it asserts RTS (+12 volts) and the flow of bytes to it resumes. Flow control signals are always sent in a direction opposite to the flow of bytes that is being controlled. DCE equipment (modems) works the same way but sends the stop signal out the CTS pin. Thus it's RTS/CTS flow control using 2 lines.

Note that the crtscts command is not POSIX compliant. Depending on your implementation you may have better results with the clocal switch mentioned below.

Here's some other useful control switches from the man page.

   Control settings:
   [-]clocal
          disable modem control signals

   [-]cread
          allow input to be received

Sources: man stty


Proprietary FGLRX module fails to compile due to GPL only code

The real problem, is that the kernel has a function that is exported as gpl only. Two possible solutions:

Driver update to use non-gpl function instead
Kernel update to export function as non-gpl

The FGLRX, NVIDIA, and custom modules with MODULE_LICENSE("Proprietary") will all fail until then.

In my situation using trace_printk in 3.19 kernel, for a proprietary in-house module, generates the error for '__trace_bputs'

I worked around the issue (for internal testing only, due to obvious legal reasons), by changing the MODULE_LICENSE to "GPL".


As long as you use the proper application (dpkg/apt/apt-get/aptitude/synaptic/Software Center) to install and uninstall deb packages, the dpkg database of installed packages will be accurate.

As long as the dpkg database is accurate, apt upgrade will only upgrade installed software. It will NOT restore previously-uninstalled packages.


CPU limit on individual runable jar files

Using cpulimit

I'll lead with the tool you proposed; cpulimit can definitely do what you want.
nohup cpulimit --background --limit=5 -- java -a dsasda -p adss

Bear in mind that 5% is 5% of a single CPU core, not of the machine's total computing power.  Scale that up if you wanted to use 5% of a multi-core machine.

You probably will want to also pass the --quiet argument to cpulimit.

If your desire isn't to specifically limit the process to 5%, but just to keep java from bogging down your machine, consider instead using nice.

Using nice

nice will lower the priority of your java processes so that they won't hog all of the CPU time & slow things down.  Unlike cpulimit, nice will let the java processes use more than 5% of the CPU if nothing else wants to use it.

nohup nice java -a dsasda -p adss

nice accepts one optional argument, --adjustment=N where N is an integer ranging from 19 (very low priority) to 0 (normal) or even to -20 (very high priority, but only available if you're root).  It'll default to 10 which is probably fine.


Ubuntu Touch - Today scope weather section

There is a an app called 'Forecast' where you can set up multiple locations.


User-installed fonts are stored in $HOME/.local/share/fonts/. Just delete the unwanted files in there.


Completely disable suspension/sleep in Ubuntu 16.04

Try to make two more changes, one of them or both of them:

1) Setting IgnoreLid=true in /etc/UPower/UPower.conf

Found here: How can I tell Ubuntu to do nothing when I close my laptop lid?

2) I had a different problem in 16.04 LTS with a laptop lid as well. I could not boot with the lid closed and was suspended.

I solved it by going to /etc/systemd/logind.conf and doing two steps:

a) Removed "#" from HandleLidSwitch, in order to activate it and

b) put "=ignore at the end

HandleLidSwitch=ignore

You will also found the second step at the same link as the first one. Hope they will help.

But, buying an alaram would not be a bad idea, because laptops is not a good idea to be turned on all day (the hours you sleep and the hours you may use it. At least buy a laptop cooling pad. They are not very expensive. And also an online UPS, but remove the laptop battery first.


Unity Launcher/Gnome panel overlap issue on Gnome desktop

Seems like installing CCSM and choosing Gnome (no-effects) is the way to go.


How can I install Unreal Tournament 4 (the latest) on Ubuntu 17.04

using this guide worked for me :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_4sJuR-n6Y
the latest current link to the game is : https://s3.amazonaws.com/unrealtournament/ShippedBuilds/%2B%2BUT%2BRelease-Next-CL-3525360/UnrealTournament-Client-XAN-3525360-Linux.zip
they now have a epic games login that greets you at the start but I don't think it works yet. but you can play offline.
If someone figures out loging in to epic I'll mark that as answer.
EDIT : this no longer works for multiplayer you now have to use the windows version (HEROIC launcher to play multiplayer)


There is a new way to work with JavaFX if you are using Java 11. This is their official web site: https://openjfx.io/openjfx-docs/#install-javafx

Inside is described how to:

Install Java 11 (JRE or JDK)
Download their JavaFX runtime from: https://gluonhq.com/products/javafx/
Export the path of the JavaFX runtime: export PATH_TO_FX=path/to/javafx-sdk-11/lib
compile and run java application with module path to the PATH_TO_FX and the necessary modules:

javac --module-path $PATH_TO_FX --add-modules javafx.controls (other javaFX modules) HelloFX.java
java --module-path $PATH_TO_FX --add-modules javafx.controls (other javaFX modules)  HelloFX

For more information please visit their website read https://openjfx.io/openjfx-docs/#install-javafx and also read some information on java 9 module system.

Best luck to all!


Ubuntu 20.04 not starting and showing strange message: dev/sda5

A temporary solution is to restart gdm:

Open a TTY with CTRL+ALT+F2.

Login to a user with sudo privileges.

use the command: sudo systemctl restart gdm

Get back to your desktop with  CTRL+ALT+F1.


MD5 hash for xubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso

Follow this link. The hash is

8b06ac9d76186721312c17a851801e2e *xubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso


sh: 1: program not found occurs when running a Terminal command via Python, but directly entering the command in the Terminal works fine

You may also add an additional path to PATH in [Service] Environment. This also works for uwsgi.
[Service]
Environment="PATH=/home/ubuntu/myproject/myprojectenv/bin:/usr/bin"


Here you can check to ensure that you have the recommended version of Java installed for your operating system: http://www.java.com/en/download/installed.jsp.


Which version are you using? I often deal with spreadsheets with hundreds of thousands of rows and LibreOffice 4.1 was virtually unusable. However, the 4.2 I downloaded from the website is much faster, usually faster than Excel for Mac. If you're using an older version you might want to give that a try.


As VRU said it is not an error, it is a selection. It appears when more than one version of a program is installed. In this case you can select which Java version is used to execute Java programs.

The top one is the presently selected. Below that all the options are listed. In this case you can choose between the JRE and the JDK. JRE is the Java Runtime Environment and is usually fine for running all Java programs. JDK is the Java Development Kit. It is mainly needed to compile Java programs. Some programming tools require to be run with the JDK instead of JRE. If you are not developing programs in Java, selecting the JRE is fine.

If you had Java 6 (or 5) installed alongside with Java 7, it would also appear in this list.

You can check the version using java --version. The selection can be changed later on with sudo update-java-alternatives. Try forcing this.

If it doesn't work reinstall the java packages. If you are not developing Java you could also remove the JDK entirely, making the selection obsolete.


How to install Ubuntu on free DOS OS on Lenovo G580-59-358263 ? (For experienced Lenevo Users)

You wouldn't install it on FreeDOS, you'd boot to the LiveCD/LiveUSB and either replace DOS or repartition (the installer should offer you that option) to install alongside DOS. I'd personally opt for replacing DOS.

And for hardware compatibility, try it and see. The basics should be fine but I can't see what sort of wireless chipset it's using from here. You might have to fight it, you might not. There are few wireless issues that can't be resolved though.

Having read a little bit more about the newer Intel HD 4000 chipsets, you might need to poke that a bit to use SNA acceleration but as with the rest of it, this is something you'll find out when you boot it up for the first time. If it's still a problem, it's pretty easy to fix.


GCC compiler errors with "No such file or directory"

The following will fix your problem:

gcc -std=c99 sort.c -o sort

Your command was telling gcc to compile a file called sort, which didn't exist, hence the error message.  The -o flag needs to be followed by the output name, but your line it was followed by -std=c99 which is not correct.


Find out what account an application runs as

Finding the user running tomcat
If you currently have tomcat running, then you can run ps and see what user a program is running as.
ps auxw | grep tomcat

This should list the processes that have the name tomcat (and the grep process, but ignore that). The first column of data is the user under which the command is run. For example, finding apache on my machine:
user@hostname ~$ ps auxw|grep apache
root       <numbers> ?        Ss   Nov10   0:03 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data   <numbers> ?        S    Nov10   0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data   <numbers> ?        Sl   Nov10   0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data   <numbers> ?        Sl   Nov10   0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
user       <numbers> pts/2    S+   11:22   0:00 grep --color=auto apache

Thus here user that you would be interested in is www-data
Creating a new tomcat group
The program you want for this is addgroup
addgroup tomcat_group_name

Adding user that runs tomcat to group
For this step we will use usermod. The username will be what we got from the first step (in my example www-data). For this part I will just call it tomcatuser
usermod -a -G tomcat_group_name tomcatuser


Ubuntu 12.04 LTS server in Virtualbox - problems with apt-get update and Prosody

Fixed by upgrading the server to 14.04LTS. Don't know why 12.04LTS was having that issue, but everything is up and running now.


Ubuntu 19.10 | wifi keeps asking for password but doesn't connect | installed on MacBook Pro 2015

I had some issues with laptops with broadcomm wifi adapters and the following helped me:

My issues were a bit different though. I was using Ubuntu 18 LTS and while I did do a few macbooks I dont think I had that issue with them.  Also, in my case the networks were not visible...but you could have a driver compatibility issue that could be improved by a new/different driver.

linux ubuntu broadcomm drivers wifi
Installing Broadcom Wireless Drivers
No connections being shown on wireless BCM43228 18.04
Ubuntu 18.04 No WiFi adapter found [Dell Inspiron 3542.]


This is perfectly normal; it's happened to me on many UEFI computers. The boot*.efi entries and the Windows Boot UEFI Loader one should all boot Windows. MokManager.efi is for managing Secure Boot keys. You probably won't ever use it, but you probably want to keep it around just in case you end up needing it. The System setup entry actually boots into BIOS setup, not a recovery partition.

Grub Customizer is a good program to remove the duplicate Windows entries. You can install it from its PPA and run it with these commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer
grub-customizer

Note that "removing" an entry only hides it; you can restore it later if you, for whatever reason, need it back.

To set Windows as the default OS, just move its entry to the top; it will boot after (by default) 10 seconds, unless you select a different OS.


Moving closer to the WiFi access point may help.  If you are certain its not a WiFi issue I found setting my DNS to either Google DNS or OpenDNS made a difference in my case.
http://www.opendns.com/


You dont need to implement difficult compilation procedures to install soundtouch. it is in official ubuntu Repository. Can be installed with the package libsoundtouch0.

sudo apt-get install libsoundtouch0 libsoundtouch-dev


Semicolon or double ampersand for chaining commands?

As steeldriver says, neither is better than the other. You use them for different purposes.

Use ; if you want to run one command, then another. The second command will run regardless of whether or not the first one succeeded. Separating commands with a ; achieves the same goal as running one command, and then running the other one. In a script, these achieve the same goal:

first-command
second-command

first-command; second-command

In contrast, && checks the exit status of the first command, and only runs the second command if the first command succeeded. In shell scripting (and when you are using a shell interactively, too), an an exit code of 0 is taken to mean "true" or "success," while any other exit code is taken to mean "false," or "failure." (That way, programs can return different error codes to signify different kinds of errors.)

So, here, as before, first-command runs first. But if it does't succeed, then second-command is not run at all:

first-command && second-command

This is similar to, but not exactly the same as, using if:

if first-command; then
    second-command
fi

The way they are different lies in what happens when first-command fails. With &&, the entire compound command's exit status is whatever failing (i.e., nonzero) exit code first-command returned. In contrast, with if, the entire compound command's exit status is zero (i.e., success) when first-command fails.

As an example of a situation where you might actually reasonably consider both ; and &&, suppose you wanted to run sudo apt update, which retrieves up-to-date information about what packages are available from each of your configured software sources and at what versions, followed by sudo apt upgrade, to upgrade your installed packages to their latest available versions. This is widely suggested, and is what I usually run:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

Because it uses &&, it runs sudo apt update, but only runs sudo apt upgrade if sudo apt update reported that it succeeded. The reason you would usually want this, in the case of those particular commands, is that you would usually want to inspect any errors that the first command produced in order to decide how to proceed.

But you might expect a problem but still want to upgrade what packages you could. Or you might not expect a problem but just prefer to proceed ahead anyway. In that situation, you could separate them with ; (or just put them on separate lines, in a script):

sudo apt update; sudo apt upgrade

That runs sudo apt update, then runs sudo apt upgrade regardless of whether or not it reported succeeding.

This works as an example of a situation where you might actually be choosing between the two, because it is a case where the first command is important for the second one, but where the second one might still be useful even if the first one failed. However, in many situations where you want to run one command and then another, you either have:

No dependence of the second command on the first, where if the first fails, you still want to run the second one and its ability to succeed is expected not to be affected. Then you will usually use ; or place them on separate lines of a script.
Complete dependence of the second command on the first, such that it would make no sense--or be actively harmful--to attempt the second command if the first had failed. Then you will want to use && to separate them.

By the way, there is also a || operator. This runs the second command only if the first command failed rather than only if it succeeded (as with &&):

first-command || second-command

|| should not be confused with |, which sets up a pipe between commands.


Partitioning the Boot section of the hdd

Boot your original Ubuntu install media and run the "Try" option.  Open a terminal (Ctrl-Alt-t) and run your partition program from that.  When the disk is in use, partition changes are wisely locked out.


Python 3 cannot import third party packages

Thanks to George I slowly got to the answer. The root of the problem lies in that I installed my Python 3.5.2 version from a source rather than from the Ubuntu aptitude package manager.

Basically, if Python is installed from a source, then, to look for 3rd party packages, it uses /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages, but if it was installed using apt, then Python looks in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages. This is to make sure that the several Python versions don't get tangled up. Here is another question that explains: what is the difference between dist-packages and site-packages?.

Solution:

My Python3 installation was looking into site-packages and ignoring dist-packages, so I added a path file to make it look inside dist-packages as well.

cd /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages
sudo vim dist-packages.pth
(Press i to go into insert mode inside Vim)
../dist-packages
:x (and Press Enter/Return)

Now when Python looks inside /site-packages, it finds dist-packages.pth which makes it go into /dist-packages.

Other Solution:

Someone else had a problem exactly the reverse of mine, where their Python installation only looked inside /dist-packages, so they used the exact same method as above except instead of making a dist-packages.pth file (containing ../dist-packages) inside /site-packages, they made a site-packages.pth file (containing ../site-packages inside /dist-packages.

Check if it worked:

The easy way to check if this worked is to go into your Python interpreter and print sys.path. It should now contain both package paths:

charliebrown@playground:/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages$ python3
Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 19 2016, 02:36:25)
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sys; print(sys.path)
['', '/usr/local/lib/python35.zip', '/usr/local/lib/python3.5',     '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/plat-linux', '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload',
'/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages', '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages']

I hope this helps someone one day...


Strangely, by default, there is no toggle to decorate/undecorate a window.

You need do one of two things.  Either define a keybinding to toggle or use the shortcut key to redisplay the window menu.

Lets examine option 1:

To do this, open lxterminal

leafpad ~/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml

Search for the first instance of <keybinding>

Then add the following keybinding:

<keybind key="W-A-D">

<action name="ToggleDecorations"></action>

</keybind>

Now run openbox --reconfigure to make your changes effective (alternatively, you can logout and login).

You'll be able to toggle the decoration using Meta+Alt+D

The windows key is also another name for Meta

Lets also examine option 2:

Thanks to Glutanimate.

Pressing Alt+Space will display the window submenu where you can redecorate - obviously this doesnt need a keybinding, but its nice to have a toggle option to quickly turn the titlebar on/off


ran out of space on disc? still have 30gb free

Note these lines:

/dev/sdb5       6.9G  6.3G  236M  97% /
/dev/sdb1       138G  130G  8.7G  94% /media/randy/New Volume
/dev/sda1        75G   48G   27G  64% /media/randy/F440B04040B00B7E

The first line is important. That shows how much space your Ubuntu installation has in its root partition. As you can see, it has very little (not that it had much to begin with). That you have 30G free elsewhere (in /media/randy/F440B04040B00B7E - an NTFS partition, by the looks of it) doesn't help Ubuntu all that much.


How do I record internet radio stream from banshee?

It doesn't work for me, and I doubt it will work for you. There is an extension for Banshee to accomplish this, but it normally causes banshee to hang, sometimes crash.

If you are using 1.9 from a ppa, install the community-extensions, and then enable stream recorder. When you go to the radio browser, you can then click on the record button and see if it works for you. If it doesn't work I would suggest using rhythmbox to record.


Sony VAIO SVT1311 brightness change doesn't works

To get working brightness key. try following

execute sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Change this line

GRUB_CMLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to something like below

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor"

Execute sudo update-grub and reboot . See if brightness keys are working.

It is still possible ubuntu won't remember your brightness settings. So you have to change brightness each time.

Please let us know the result as many sony users are facing this problem.

Update: This is for setting brightness manually.

Try following for both path shown by ls /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness and replace accordingly. Most probably the intel one should work.

Get the maximum brightness:

cat /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/max_brightness

Try a lower value to set the brightness, say output is 2048 so I will try with half of it

echo 1024| sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

If this works,  make this happen in each login automatically by doing the following

sudo gedit /etc/rc.local

Enter this line just before exit 0. It should look like

echo YOUR_VALUE_HERE > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness
exit 0

I have another question. Does your system has hybrid graphics card? whats the output of lspci | grep vga ?

Also you can try with xdotool


Show visualization instead of album art in Totem?

As far as I can tell, when embedded cover art is available, Totem will always use it.  There doesn't seem to be a preference option to force it to use the visualization instead.

This came up on Ubuntu Brainstorm, and the person who mentioned it was encouraged to open a bug report.  It doesn't look like this ever happened -- at least I couldn't find any mention of the problem in Totem's bug tracker -- so I'd encourage you to report it.


How can I list virtual file system names and contents side by side?

Here's the first thing that came to mind:

$ cd /sys/class/drm
$ grep . */status
card0-DVI-I-1/status:disconnected
card0-DVI-I-2/status:connected
$

Note if you have just one interface grep won't list the file name:

$ grep . */status
connected
$

but presumably if you only have one you won't be confused as to which was meant.  If needed, use the -H flag:

$ grep -H . */status
card0-VGA-1/status:connected
$

What we used to to do before the -H flag was

$ grep . */status /dev/null
card0-VGA-1/status:connected
$


How to blackout screen or start screensaver with shortcut keys?

Use the gnome-screensaver-command. Read the man page (man gnome-screensaver-command) to learn about other features.

For example, to simply blackout the screen (without locking) in a terminal run:

 gnome-screensaver-command -a

Now you just need to add this command as a custom shortcut under the Keyboard settings.


Unable to install Ubuntu 14.0 alongside windows 8.1 in lenovo g580

At that screen there must be Something Else item besides Erase disk and install Ubuntu. Here you select manually partitioning. You can add/create (from free unallocated space) or delete partitions but not resize them from the Ubuntu installation. If you didn't resize (don't have free unallocated space enough to create new partition) then run Gparted from  Ubuntu - you can select Try Ubuntu not Install Ubuntu and run Gparted from ther. Or you can resize your Windows partition (if needed) from Windows before running Ubuntu installation. If in windows, there is free utility called Partition Wizard. http://www.partitionwizard.com/free-partition-manager.html


Intel processor can use the 64-bit AMD version?

Yes, you can use the AMD64 version for intel laptops. This question is answered at Can I use the -amd64.iso CDs to install on an Intel 64-bit computer?


Lost Evolution Inbox During 11.10 upgrade

OMG Fixed!

I unsubscribed and resubscribed my INBOX by right-clicking on my account-name and clicking 'Manage Subscriptions'.  Once I did this, the emails for the INBOX appeared but the sub-folders were gone.  Using the same method I unsubscribed and resubscribed to all subfolders and Viola! I now have active email for all folder subscriptions.  WEIRD STUFF!!!


This probably isn't going to be what you want to hear, but most of the drivers for the USB to VGA adapters are designed for windows and not Linux systems.  Over the past month, I have been on a quest to add an additional monitor to my desktop (ubuntu 16.04 LTS).  I started with USB to VGA adapters, but I could not find one with a driver that was Linux-compatible, and I did a considerable amount of research trying to find one that was.

What ended up being the best option (really the only option, and relatively easy/cost effective) was buying a new graphics card (my original VGA port was just hard-wired) and a VGA-DVI adapter for the second monitor.

Sorry that this isn't much help in your current situation, but I have done a lot of looking and a lot of reading on other forums, and the general consensus is that USB to VGA is a pretty bad option for Linux.


How to mailing photos from Picasa 3.9 in Thunderbird?

I assume that the picasa-hook-email.sh script is no longer used by Picasa 3.9 and is never invoked. Instead it most probably relies on the MAPI interface to send e-mails. The wine implementation of this interface however does not support attachments. It converts any request to send an e-mail into a mailto:-URL and this does not support attachments.

I'm now just starting to modify the MAPI in wine to use a direct call to Thunderbird using the -compose option. Let's see whether I'm successful, but stay tuned! I will inform you about my success (or failure) here.

For the wine MAPI source code see here: https://source.winehq.org/source/dlls/winemapi/sendmail.c. Look at line 157ff: attachments are explicitly ignored.

Two days later: yes, it works!

What I did:

I patched the sendmail.c source file to directly invoke Thunderbird instead of creating a mailto:-URL
I used the openSUSE Build Service to branch the official wine package and added the patch there
I downloaded the created package, extracted winemapi.dll.so and put it to the correct location.

But step by step. First have a look at https://build.opensuse.org/package/show/home:letsfindaway:branches:openSUSE:Leap:15.0/wine. This is where the branch is located. Everything is untouched, just the sendmail-thunderbird.patch was added and referenced in the wine.spec build file. You may have a look at the patch and apply it to the original source to see what I have changed.

The builds themselves can be found when you click on "standard" below "wine" on the right hand side or directly there: https://build.opensuse.org/package/binaries/home:letsfindaway:branches:openSUSE:Leap:15.0/wine/standard. Are you using a 64-bit wine or a 32-bit wine running in a 64-bit environment? Depending on that download one of the following files:

wine-3.7-lp150.<n>.1.x86_64.rpm for 64-bit wine
wine-32bit-3.7-lp150.<n>.1.x86_64.rpm for 32-bit wine running in a 64-bit environment
wine-3.7-lp150.<n>.1.i586.rpm for 32-bit wine running in a 32-bit environment

The number <n> is incremented each time I trigger a rebuild. Currently it should be "10".

Then extract the file /usr/lib/wine/winemapi.dll.so from the rpm package file. Under Linux, most graphical archivers should be able to open the file. So it does not matter whether you're using openSUSE as I do. Even if you're using Ubuntu or any other distribution you should be able to extract that file.

It also (nearly) does not matter which wine version you're using. The sendmail.c source file was not touched since wine 1.6.

Now place that file in the corresponding location of your wine installation. Just to be sure rename the original file first, so that you still have it. If you're using PlayOnLinux, then you might have more than one wine installation, located below ~/.PlayOnLinux/wine/. Be sure to do the replacement in the correct location!

The patch will not only affect Picasa, but any program using the MAPI to send e-mails. And it will of course never become an official patch, as it only works, when Thunderbird is installed as /usr/bin/thunderbird.

Summary:

This patch enables the "send e-mail" function in Picasa when running under wine and when using Thunderbird as the mail program.
It works for a broad range of wine versions starting from 1.6 and almost any 32-bit or 64-bit Linux installation.
Make sure that Thunderbird is installed as /usr/bin/thunderbird.
Extract the correct version of winemapi.dll.so from one of the archives mentioned above and use it to substitute the official version.


Disable internal keyboard in Ubuntu 17.10

try disabling it via boot option
Open /boot/grub/grub.cfg as sudo .
Add i8042.nokbd,  to the end of the file, and save.


There is something wrong there.  I've installed steam twice on two different systems and I know from experience that when it is installed properly, it performs its own updates, rather obsessively, every time it's opened.

I would like to propose you do as I do and only use terminal for those rare occasions when you need to do something you cannot do any other way.  This means no more "sudo apt-get update".  Please humor me and open the update manager manually:

press windows button
type upd then press enter
press check
if it finds anything needing of updates, click update.

My guess however is that what's broken is steam, or something else in your system from installing too much unauthorized software using terminal.


Snap install failure: error: cannot find signatures with metadata for snap

This relates to "assertions" in snapd. In this case, that is the verification that the snap comes from a trusted party. Since you're installing a local snap, you have no assertions for it, and snapd doesn't trust it. Think of it a bit like sideloading Android apps, if you've ever done that. Granted, the error message could certainly be a little more helpful.

Regardless, you can get past this during your testing with the --dangerous flag:

$ sudo snap install --dangerous <snap>

note: there was some churn on this flag; in earlier releases it was --force-dangerous.


How to count the occurrence of specific string on a specific line in a file?

This needs to be done in three steps:

Select line number N (example uses line 42):

sed '42!d'

Search the line for all occurrences of a specific pattern (here the string/regular expression hello) and print those separately:

grep -o 'hello'

Count the matches:

wc -l

Or to put it in one single command pipe, reading from file.txt:

sed '42!d' file.txt | grep -o 'hello' | wc -l


How do I list uninstalled but recommended packages?

This can sometimes happen if a package B is installed as a recommendation when you install package A; package B's own recommends typically do not get installed.
1. Listing uninstalled Recommends from the terminal:

Use aptitude

Click on the Views menu, and on Audit Recommendations (alternately, Ctrl+T to show the menu, arrow keys to go to Views and press R):

This shows you a list of uninstalled recommended packages, and the "parent" package recommending them.

2. Listing uninstalled Recommends and Suggests from Synaptic:

If you have a desktop (or via X-forwarding), use Synaptic

Click on Custom Filters in the bottom-left, and then on the Missing Recommends filter in the top-left sidebar:

Notice that unlike aptitude, Synaptic also shows "suggested" (or optional) packages such as iproute-doc


$ xrandr -q
you will get the display devices connected to your system. E.g. : VGA - 0 or HDMI - 0,...

Note down the display name and enter it in the below command(replacing VGA1) and the appropriate scale(replacing 1.5)

$ xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1024×768 --scale 1.5x1.5

Note: 'x' used in resolution is not multiplication sign. It is alphabet x


SSD and removable swap with Ubuntu 16.04

Fear of failing disks is perhaps as old as the time disk were developed. That is why backup techniques were developed shortly after. At first to magnetic media, CD/DVD and later to disks as they became cheaper. Techniques like RAID were developed short time later to further prevent loss of data. There are many articles stating the latest generation of SSD's can handle hundereds of terrabytes, even close to petabyes read and written before they start showing signs of deterioration.
(http://www.pcworld.com/article/2856052/grueling-endurance-test-blows-away-ssd-durability-fears.html)
But yes, just as normal disks also SSD's can fail but they will not just pop-off like a light bulb. Your PC will start complaining about bad sectors or I/O errors first, so you still can copy data from it.
I worry more about what a power-failure can do to a ordinary hard disk than to an SSD. Last year I lost a 1TB disk of my SAN during the power outage here in Amsterdam, while the connected backup Samsung 500GB SSD was recovered by e2fsck with flying colors.

So much about fearing about losing an investment and addressing your questions.

Yes, Ubuntu 16.04 trims weekly with a script run by cron. It is here:

  $ cat /etc/cron.weekly/fstrim

I am temped to say No but that is my opinion. I found a nice quote on Lifehacker.com that supports my first paragraph: "An SSD drive is a worthwhile investment, but like any storage device, it can fail. In fact, failing isn't that uncommon. As with your spinning drives, you should always set up a good backup solution, and you can do plenty to take full advantage of your SSD, but you can also take steps to maximize your SSD's lifespan.".
The website then offers tips that you asked for:
(http://lifehacker.com/5802838/how-to-maximize-the-life-of-your-ssd)

About Swap to an USB stick. Interesting.
I have not seen it before, have seen articles that report success though. Still, I don't see the advantage, I expect performance degradation unless your system has plenty of RAM and don't have many memory intensive applications running, then swapping will not occur.

Please be aware temporary unmount swap is not an option. The swap partition is not mounted, swap is either on or off (use gparted). You must instruct the system to turn swap off, so it can check if anything is swapped out. If so, you must close programs until the RAM is not full anymore.

I hope this was helpfull.


How to recover ecryptfs encrypted data using password after a broken upgrade?

How did I fixed it :

I fired up the ubuntu installer and wiped my root partition. The new fresh install feels much healthier than the old one, so probably necessary anyway.

Upon first login I got a reminder to save my ecryptfs key in a safe place - I do not recall doing that from my previous install.

When I assembled my home-folder array I found what I thought was my encrypted data:

root@computer:~/mnt/user# ls -la
total 8
dr-x------ 2 user user 4096 jul  2  2011 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root    root    4096 feb 18  2015 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user   56 jul  2  2011 Access-Your-Private-Data.desktop -> /usr/share/ecryptfs-utils/ecryptfs-mount-private.desktop
lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user   33 jul  2  2011 .ecryptfs -> /home/.ecryptfs/user/.ecryptfs
lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user   32 jul  2  2011 .Private -> /home/.ecryptfs/user/.Private
lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user   52 jul  2  2011 README.txt -> /usr/share/ecryptfs-utils/ecryptfs-mount-private.txt

But I was not able to unlock it.

root@computer:~# ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase /root/mnt/user/.ecryptfs/wrapped
Passphrase:
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
root@computer:~# ecryptfs-recover-private /root/mnt/user
INFO: Found [/root/mnt/user].
Try to recover this directory? [Y/n]:
INFO: Could not find your wrapped passphrase file.
INFO: To recover this directory, you MUST have your original MOUNT passphras
INFO: When you first setup your encrypted private directory, you were told t
INFO: your MOUNT passphrase.
INFO: It should be 32 characters long, consisting of [0-9] and [a-f].

Enter your MOUNT passphrase:
INFO: Success!  Private data mounted at [/tmp/ecryptfs.lls9FwPj].
root@computer:~# ls -la /tmp/ecryptfs.lls9FwPj
total 8
dr-x------  2 user user 4096 Jul  2  2011 .
drwxrwxrwt 11 root    root    4096 Sep 11 11:08 ..
lrwxrwxrwx  1 user user   32 Jul  2  2011 .Private -> /home/.ecryptfs/user/.
lrwxrwxrwx  1 user user   33 Jul  2  2011 .ecryptfs -> /home/.ecryptfs/user/
lrwxrwxrwx  1 user user   56 Jul  2  2011 Access-Your-Private-Data.desktop -
lrwxrwxrwx  1 user user   52 Jul  2  2011 README.txt -> /usr/share/ecryptfs-

No errors, but the mount point only contain the same unencrypted data as the source folder.

Using ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase /root/mnt/user/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase I did get a key, but unfortunately it was the same one I got if I didn't supply the file as an argument, so I guess I only got my current key, not the one for the old data.

Seems both the old and new wrapped-passphrase files where the same:

root@computer:~# mount | grep md0
/dev/md0 on /root/mnt type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
root@computer:~# md5sum /home/user/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase /root/mnt/user/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase
52da6f1ea1ffff114795c7613b5c560e  /home/user/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase
52da6f1ea1ffff114795c7613b5c560e  /root/mnt/user/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase

I found that very odd, as the md0 was not even assembled during install.

That submystery was however solved by me reading properly:

root@computer:~# ls -l /root/mnt/user/.Private
lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user 32 Jul  2  2011 /root/mnt/user/.Private -> /home/.ecryptfs/user/.Private

Seems I'd been acting on a symlink to the new home folder instead of the old data.

Reading the right file gave another (correct) key!

root@computer:~/mnt/.ecryptfs/user# ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase /root/mnt/.ecryptfs/user/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase
Passphrase:
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

Which is really the answer to my initial question: The wrapped-passphrase-file is encrypted using my login password, so as long as I have that file and know my password I should be able to access my data.

Using a saner path/key-combination did not unfortunately make much of a difference:

root@computer:~/mnt/.ecryptfs/user# ls -al
total 52
drwxr-xr-x   4 user user  4096 Jul  2  2011 .
drwxr-xr-x   3 root    root     4096 Jul  2  2011 ..
drwxr-xr-x 121 user user 36864 Sep  8 14:58 .Private
drwx------   2 user user  4096 Mar 15  2015 .ecryptfs
root@computer:~/mnt/.ecryptfs/user# ecryptfs-recover-private /root/mnt/.ecryptfs/user
INFO: Found [/root/mnt/.ecryptfs/user].
Try to recover this directory? [Y/n]:
INFO: Could not find your wrapped passphrase file.
INFO: To recover this directory, you MUST have your original MOUNT passphrase.
INFO: When you first setup your encrypted private directory, you were told to record
INFO: your MOUNT passphrase.
INFO: It should be 32 characters long, consisting of [0-9] and [a-f].

Enter your MOUNT passphrase:
INFO: Success!  Private data mounted at [/tmp/ecryptfs.dKQkSvjC].
root@computer:~/mnt/.ecryptfs/user# ls -al /tmp/ecryptfs.dKQkSvjC
total 52
drwxr-xr-x   4 user user  4096 Jul  2  2011 .
drwxrwxrwt  12 root    root     4096 Sep 11 12:32 ..
drwxr-xr-x 121 user user 36864 Sep  8 14:58 .Private
drwx------   2 user user  4096 Mar 15  2015 .ecryptfs

Since some of the ecryptfs-tools have hardcoded paths I even tried:

root@computer:~# mount /dev/md0 /home
root@computer:~# su - user
Signature not found in user keyring
Perhaps try the interactive 'ecryptfs-mount-private'
To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>".
See "man sudo_root" for details.

user@computer:~$ ecryptfs-mount-private
Enter your login passphrase:
Inserted auth tok with sig [e403598bcfe01170] into the user session keyring
mount: No such file or directory

But no cigar there either.

Doing the same thing withouth mounting md0 to /home does not work either however.

user@computer:~$ dash -e -x `which ecryptfs-mount-private`
+ PRIVATE_DIR=Private
+ WRAPPING_PASS=LOGIN
+ PW_ATTEMPTS=3
+ TEXTDOMAIN=ecryptfs-utils
+ gettext Enter your login passphrase:
+ MESSAGE=Enter your login passphrase:
+ [ -f /home/user/.ecryptfs/wrapping-independent ]
+ WRAPPED_PASSPHRASE_FILE=/home/user/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase
+ MOUNT_PASSPHRASE_SIG_FILE=/home/user/.ecryptfs/Private.sig
+ /sbin/mount.ecryptfs_private
+ [ -f /home/user/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase -a -f /home/user/.ecryptfs/Private.sig ]
+ tries=0
+ stty -g
+ stty_orig=2d00:5:bd:ca1b:3:1c:7f:1f:4:0:1:0:11:13:1a:ff:12:f:17:16:ff:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
+ [ 0 -lt 3 ]
+ echo -n Enter your login passphrase:
Enter your login passphrase:+ stty -echo
+ head -n1
+ LOGINPASS=MyLoginPassword
+ stty 2d00:5:bd:ca1b:3:1c:7f:1f:4:0:1:0:11:13:1a:ff:12:f:17:16:ff:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
+ echo

+ wc -l
+ [ 2 = 1 ]
+ printf %s\0 MyLoginPassword
+ ecryptfs-insert-wrapped-passphrase-into-keyring /home/user/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase -
Inserted auth tok with sig [93196f7a8af1fdfe] into the user session keyring
+ break
+ [ 0 -ge 3 ]
+ /sbin/mount.ecryptfs_private
mount: No such file or directory
user@computer:~$ ls -l /sbin/mount.ecryptfs*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 25944 jul 13 19:13 /sbin/mount.ecryptfs
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 19024 jul 13 19:13 /sbin/mount.ecryptfs_private

So there is probably some magic happening (via PAM?) during normal login that's missing in my example.

Booting a live-cd I was able to access the data!

root@ubuntu:~# apt install mdadm
Reading package lists... Done
[...]
root@ubuntu:~# mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sd[bc]1
mdadm: /dev/md0 has been started with 2 drives.
root@ubuntu:~# mount /dev/md0 /home
root@ubuntu:/home# ecryptfs-recover-private /home/.ecryptfs/user/.PrivateINFO: Found [/home/.ecryptfs/user/.Private].
Try to recover this directory? [Y/n]:
INFO: Found your wrapped-passphrase
Do you know your LOGIN passphrase? [Y/n] Y
INFO: Enter your LOGIN passphrase...
Passphrase:
Inserted auth tok with sig [f403498bcfd01070] into the user session keyring
INFO: Success!  Private data mounted at [/tmp/ecryptfs.uHQ0z177].
root@ubuntu:/home# ls /tmp/ecryptfs.uHQ0z177/ | grep Doc
Documents

But even then the tools work less then perfectly:

root@ubuntu:/home# ecryptfs-recover-private
INFO: Searching for encrypted private directories (this might take a while)...
find: ‘/run/user/999/gvfs’: Permission denied
find: File system loop detected; ‘/sys/kernel/debug/pinctrl’ is part of the same file system loop as ‘/sys/kernel/debug’.

So I'm starting to think that most problems I've had with this is just that ecryptfs could probably be quite a bit improved on the usability side of things.

Rebooting into my real install I'm now able to access the data:

root@computer:~# mount /dev/md0 mnt
root@computer:~/mnt/.ecryptfs/user/.Private# cd /root/mnt/.ecryptfs/user/.Private/
root@computer:~/mnt/.ecryptfs/user/.Private# ecryptfs-recover-private .
INFO: Found [.].
Try to recover this directory? [Y/n]:
INFO: Found your wrapped-passphrase
Do you know your LOGIN passphrase? [Y/n]
INFO: Enter your LOGIN passphrase...
Passphrase:
Inserted auth tok with sig [f4f3498bcfd01070] into the user session keyring
INFO: Success!  Private data mounted at [/tmp/ecryptfs.ZMqBVhRu].
root@computer:~/mnt/.ecryptfs/user/.Private# ls /tmp/ecryptfs.ZMqBVhRu | grep Doc
Documents

EDIT :

Seems the "search"-tool ecryptfs-recover-private is not that good at locating .Private folders. Giving the right absolute path works as it should.

ecryptfs-recover-private only searches when not supplied with any argument. If a path is supplied it must be pointing to the .Private folder.

In this example:

ecryptfs-recover-private /root/mnt/.ecryptfs/user/.Private

And, yes, wrapped-passphrase is obfuscated using your LOGIN password, if you know your password and have the file you do not need the actual KEY printout.

Sorry for the long post, but hopefully my "diary" here can save someone else a few hours.


Unbound DNS sever does not log anything when I make a query

I had the same issue today. You do not mention the Linux distro you are using.
This post geared for Debian/Ubuntu/similar using their repo version.
Remove CHROOT config directive and make sure BOTH the log file & parent folder are owned by unbound user:
sudo chown unbound:unbound /var/log/unbound /var/log/unbound/unbound.log

Still not working for me (or you).
After this I noticed it was still logging to syslog after turning up verbosity to debug. I also noticed kernel showing "apparmor" was logging DENIED's for the unbound log location:
sudo cat /var/log/syslog | grep DENIED

Example in syslog:
 Dec 30 16:41:48 ip-192-168-1-1 kernel: [ 1368.641789] audit: type=1400 audit(1577724108.624:29): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" profile="/usr/sbin/unbound" name="/var/log/unbound/unbound.log" pid=2247 comm="unbound" requested_mask="ac" denied_mask="ac" fsuid=112 ouid=112

So, I added a local override to apparmor.d area:
sudo nano /etc/apparmor.d/local/usr.sbin.unbound

This will create a new /local/ file.
Add this single line to it:
/var/log/unbound/unbound.log rw,

(Yes, with comma on end) Save.
Reload apparmor entries for unbound:
sudo apparmor_parser -r /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.unbound

Restart Unbound:
sudo systemctl restart unbound

Check log:
$ sudo tail -f /var/log/unbound/unbound.log
[1577725445] unbound[2721:0] info: start of service (unbound 1.6.7).

WORKS. If you notice, when syslog logs it, it uses a standard date format. But, Unbound custom logging/non-syslog uses Unix/Epoch time (seconds since 1970) by default. If you wish to have timestamps like syslog, add this to your unbound config and reload service:
log-time-ascii: yes

If your log location is different, make sure you change all the paths/filenames referenced above.
My config:
gist text
References:
https://nlnetlabs.nl/documentation/unbound/unbound.conf/
https://wiki.debian.org/AppArmor/Debug


Driver for a ATI Radeon xpress 200m graphics card?

There is an article in Ubuntu documentation web page about open source Radeon driver:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RadeonDriver


I've signed a deb package multiple times, now how can I remove a signature?

I'm not sure if there's a better way, but at the very least you could remove the signature "manually" with ar:

ar d "$yourpackage.deb" _gpgbuilder

(or additional things besides _gpgbuilder if you accomplished having "three signatures" by giving role names other than "builder").

This works because .deb files, at the outermost layer, are essentially just "ar" archives, and embedded deb sigs are stored in that outermost layer. There is a small difference between .debs created with dpkg and those created with ar, so normally it's a good idea to stick to real dpkg tools when manipulating deb files, but all modern tools (afaik) can handle both just fine.


You dont have to change the firmware settings to leagcy..

Just connect the bootable pen drive then enter into bios..there u will get boot menu -> enter into boot menu.

It will show all the bootable medias. In that two options for pen drive will appear  one for legacy ,one for uefi  ..

select uefi pendrive name option from that and then boot from it.

In this way your system will boot in uefi mode.

Hope it could help you


EasyBCD does not work with XP - needs Vista or 7.

Best solution for starters is boot-repair. When you run boot-repair be sure to update it before running it - it gives you that option.

If the one click option does not work, you can try the Purge and reinstall option.


First Update the system. Then try with commandline as follows:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install steam


Does the global application menu support Java applications?

This is currently an open bug.

I recommend subscribing to it to follow its progress. (How to subscribe)


SSH'ing to server failes after setting ipv4 rules in sysctl.conf

Since you have set a private tunnel ensure your vpn config for both the servers is correct.
I think the issue is either with the firewall or your vpn configuration rather than any parameters in sysctl


Can some help me with the installation of CGNS with cmake and its supporting softwares, namely, hdf5, zlib and szip?

You might want to install libhdf5-7 and libhdf5-dev:

sudo apt-get install libhdf5-7 libhdf5-dev


You can change that in usermod. if you want to lock the user xyz then type :

sudo usermod --lock xyz

This will lock the user until you unlock it manually. To unlock type :

sudo usermod --unlock xyz


or i need to make something in the python script that will sleep longer every day.

Probably the easiest. cron can not handle variables in the time. The at command is a lot more flexible when it is about the time you need to start a script. You need is a script that executes a

at midnight + 1 minute < {script}

The 1 is a variable you increase based on the day you started (day 1 is +1 min, day 2 is +2 min etc). Mind though you will run into trouble at some point: in 60 * 24 = 1440 days you would have you run past the next midnight. Add that script to your cron.

There is also at -t where you set a time that would make it normal commands where you do not need cron:

at -t 201903300000
at -t 201903310001
at -t 201903010002
...
at -t 201912310410

(at 0:00 on 30.3.2019, 1 min past 0:00 on 31.3, 2 mins past 0:00 on 1.4 etc)


No sound in Ubuntu 16.04LTS, Dell XPS 15

mostly the problem like your's is dew to missing adherance to the right audio group for your user account with which you are trying using audio.

So if you open the gnome-terminal or xterm, and type this command like the user "lenny" bellow and you would get similar output, with the group audio in place.

lenny@lennyPC~  id | grep audio
uid=2146(lenny) gid=2146(lenny) groups=2146(lenny),24(cdrom),29(audio),44(video),46(plugdev),109(netdev),110(lxd),129(pulse-access),137(wireshark) ...and perhaps more other group names with group numbers...

.... - then my guess is wrong and you can skip the rest of this answer,

but if you get nothing as the result, -then you should add yourself

or all your users that should be able to access sound resources to

the groups audio and pulse-access.

This can be done in the terminal window, - like so:

<17:07:12>lenny@lennyPC:~$ sudo adduser lenny pulse-access
Adding user `lenny' to group `pulse-access' ...
Adding user lenny to group pulse-access
Done.

<17:07:27>lenny@lennyPC:~$ sudo adduser lenny audio
Adding user `lenny' to group `audio' ...
Adding user lenny to group audio
Done.

After you would do this, you can check that your account now has the needed audio groups with the same command:

id | grep audio

and now you should get the output as by me in the case of lenny.

But you need to log  out from your grafical screen and then login again before your sound should begin to work. It is because your grafic environment will only then get to know about your new access groups and let you use your sound card.


Are there 18.04 LTS new limits on number of Xsessions and XRDP?

Here's the fix for Xubuntu (xfce):

Change your .xsession file to:

env -u SESSION_MANAGER -u DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS xfce4-session


Steps:

install boot repair or windows recovery on a usb drive.
disable uefi boot.
boot from usb drive and repair.


What should I name my install instructions for ubuntu centric applications?

There is no particular standard you must follow with it.

README and INSTALL are intended to be separate things, though. Generally, README is content describing what the package is, and INSTALL is describing how to install it. If you use GNU autotools, it follows the scheme of having a README and INSTALL file. If you have source on GitHub, it expects a README.md in markdown format, which it uses to generate some HTML at the project tree root. You can name the file however you want.

If you are using a standard build system in your project, then it is generally obvious how one should build and install the package (assuming the source code isn't broken with hard-coded values that contradict with the build system). In some cases it may be necessary to explain what additional flags one may provide to cmake for example, to configure parts of your package in a different way from the defaults.


When you're at the login screen, instead of logging in, just hit Ctrl + Alt + F1. That will take you to a virtual terminal where you can log in in text mode.

Log in as your regular user and then simply rename the offending file:

mv ~/.gnomerc ~/.gnomerc.bad

Now, hit   Alt + F7 (it might be F8) which will take you back to the login screen, log in and everything should be back to normal.