Since g77 is no longer supported, you'd need to download it from older Ubuntu repositories.

You can download it from the Ubuntu Hardy Packages page. Below is the screenshot of the page.

Download the amd64 or i386 version depending on your architecture.
As you can see from the screenshot, the package depends on gcc-3.4, gcc-3.4-base, libc6, and libg2c0-dev, you'd have to install them first, and probably remove your newer version of these packages.

I recommend downloading Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron), and installing it on a virtual machine. You can then download the g77 package and install it directly.


No it does not matter. Logical partitions allow you to have many partitions instead of a limit of 4 with MBR. Example:

  [part1 windows C][part2 windows
  D][part3 Data][part4 Ubuntu LOGICAL -
  Part 5,6,7 (/, Swap, and /home)]

There will be no difference. It is just designed to be flexible.


Upgrade from ubuntu 15.10 to 16.04 is stuck

I'm assuming it ran into a dependency issue or conflict and locked up or crashed :(... not much now you can do but reboot

You can maybe try to go to advanced options in the grub menu and choose recovery mode .. then get to command prompt and use

sudo apt-get install -f

to try to fix any package problems before you try to boot again. Hopefully you will be able to boot and try the upgrade again


SSH to user from external network says permission denied, works fine from internal network

Are you certain that your connection is definitely reaching the target server, and you're not attempting to get a shell on the host machine by mistake?

I'd suggest using a combination of tcpdump and log inspection on the target server (once logged in internally) to confirm that your login attempts are being received correctly.

On the target host, you can use tcpdump as follows:

tcpdump -i any src host [ip_your_connecting_from]

During your connection attempts, also check the authlog to see if it's logging the attempts:

tail -f /var/log/auth.log

(all commands should be run as root or sudo)


3 finger swipe for double screen aquaris m10 remove

Tap with three fingers into the small window again, and pull it to the left,then it should be big again.

To get rid of the small empty window that will remain, simply slide its left edge to the right side of the screen.


Apt update fails at chrome stable main: "File has unexpected size (1103 != 1104). Mirror sync in progress?"

The several users who called it as being a repository server problem seem to have been right.

Even several hours after first seeing the error and after plenty of reboots the error wouldn't go away yesterday.

Today, however, the error is gone. I can now run apt update without any problems. Thanks everyone for saving me many hours of pointless debugging. :)


Where can I download the deb installer of MyUnity?

Here's the link:
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/m/myunity/myunity_3.1.3-0ubuntu1_all.deb
This is for Ubuntu 12.04 LTS i386


Gedit: Saving has been disable by system administrator

It seems to be a user wide setting in Gnome that Gnome applications can see, and if they want, obey.

In Ubuntu-tweak:

Go to Tweaks > Michellaneous
Uncheck Disable save to disk

Without Ubuntu-tweak:

Press ALT+F2
Enter gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.lockdown disable-save-to-disk
Press Return/Enter


Restoring files with deja-dup fails with "could not restore /home/user/%N"

OK, turned out to be a simple problem: I used nemo (using nemo-actions) to restore the files which failed.
Using Nautilus, the restoration process works flawlessly.


wifi network not showing in ubuntu 16.04

It sounds as if you may need to dig a little deeper. I'd start out by restarting your network manager by typing:
sudo service network-manager restart.


Question About Changing the Boot Order+Advice before Installing Ubuntu

The boot options in your BIOS specifies the order in which your computer checks for the first program to be run (be it a bootloader, operating system, or installer). The way your BIOS is set up looks fine already. Typically, you start your computer up with nothing in the CD drive. In that case, your BIOS will find nothing in the CDROM and then proceed to check the hard drive, where it finds windows 7 and boots.

As for the partitioning options, the option to install alongside other OSes looks the least-likely to do harm. However, I do not think the installer will be intelligent enough to use the "E" partition automatically.

It should be fine to go to the advanced options and manually specify to install on the E partition. I would recommend reading a tutorial or guide on how the advanced section in the installer here works though. What you DON'T want to do is format your Windows or Media partitions.

Also, having the Grub bootloader (which is what the Ubuntu installer will install) will typically not mess up booting into your Windows 7 partition. It's pretty good about these things, and will automatically detect that partition and allow you to select it when you turn on the computer. Still, if anything does happen where you cannot boot into Windows 7, you can boot from the Windows 7 DVD installer and click "repair my computer" which will reinstall the Windows 7 bootloader (at which point you'd have to use something like EasyBCD to tell the Windows 7 bootloader about your Ubuntu install, as it's not as intelligent).


Ubuntu 18.04 restart loop: computer turns on but won't boot up, possibly after software installation

Alright, so I have solved the issue and I really hope that anyone who has it can benefit from my answer.

All I had to do was to go into BIOS Ctrl+Alt+F2 then disable secure boot that is enabled by default. Then it all booted up and none of my data was lost. Thank you to everyone who tried to help


upgrade from ubuntu 14.04 LTS to 16.04LTS without needing to reinstall and reconfigure i3 windows manager

I upgraded and i3 just ran fine without any hassle. For safety I did this: copied my i3 config file to somewhere safe, in case there were issues. But there were none.


How to connect to the Internet (DSL) automatically at startup?

I suggest you use pppoeconf.

Press Ctrl+Alt+T or go to Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal. Run:

sudo pppoeconf

Set the username and password.

Now to connect, run this pon command in the terminal:

sudo pon dsl-provider

To disconnect:

sudo poff

We really want it to connect automatically though, so edit /etc/rc.local by running:

gksu gedit /etc/rc.local

That opens the file in a text editor. Before the line that says exit 0, add these lines:

# For PPP auto-connect.
killall pppd
ifconfig eth0 up
pon dsl-provider

Save file and quit the text editor.

Now, reboot the system.

If you want to use Network Manager, see this articlepost:

Fix DSL pppoe connection problem with Network Manager in Ubuntu 9.10


How do you install icon themes and use them? (Ubuntu 20.04 LTS)

Once you downloaded the above Icon theme you mentioned.
Extract it, Copy the two folders and place them in $HOME/.icons directory. Create the directory if it does not exist.

Install gnome-tweaks with below command
sudo apt update && sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

and select the icon theme you wish.


How to program Button 4 and Button 5 to act as Button 1 on Ubuntu?

Install the package xautomation, we need the command xte

sudo apt-get install xautomation

Edit your xbindkeys configuration, e.g.:

nano ~/.xbindkeysrc

and add the following lines

"xte 'mouseclick 1'"
     b:4

"xte 'mouseclick 1'"
     b:5

from man xte

mouseclick i
    Click mouse button i

Kill all kbindkeys processes

killall xbindkeys

Restart xbindkeys with your configuration, eg:

xbindkeys -f ~/.xbindkeysrc


Prompted to type password (for installation purpose)  AFTER I removed my password. What to do?

You will need to add a password to your account again.

You can do it using the same steps that you did to remove it, or from a terminal.

passwd

Sorry, but Ubuntu doesn't support well blank passwords (it does, the LiveCD runs with it, but usually the system will expect a password). Ubuntu security is higher than windows (is not only about user-root separation) and sometime this means it is less convenient. This is a design decision, a trade-off that you can like or not, but one that you must accept if you want to use Ubuntu, this philosophy is so ingrained in the system, that there are lots of places that expect it that way.

All that said, you can enable autologin, but it's not near as convenient as Windows i.e., as soon as you want to connect to a protected wireless network you will be asked for your password , because by default, wireless passwords are encrypted with your login password.

tl;dr: Ubuntu expects an user with a password. You can run it without it, but you will find some problems.


It seems that you have compiled CodeBlocks previously  in somewhere (for example in ~/Downloads/codeblocks...) and then installed with make install to the /usr/local.

If you can find this location, then use sudo make uninstall from this directory.

If you can not find this location - then situation is some-kind of worse.
You can try to move executable and its desktop-file with commands below:

sudo chmod -x /usr/local/bin/codeblocks
sudo mv /usr/local/share/applications/codeblocks*.desktop /usr/local/

and forget about the CodeBlocks :)

About alternatives - I'll highly recommend to try KDevelop. You can install it with

sudo apt-get install kdevelop


Where do the users use Ubuntu's Development code name? (For ex. Utopic Unicorn)

It is referenced in 'public speak' (you'll see it on this site a bit too). Generally it gets shortened to just the Adjective though. Trusty, or Oneric etc. It is also used in things like the apt repo lists also, eg:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse

My assumption is that it stems from Debian's use of codenames such as wheezy or sid or squeeze etc.

To me the version and codename are used interchangeably in the industry, though the codename is usually shortened to the adjective only.


Any music players with folder browsing for ubuntu?

Guayadeque:

Installation:

Hit Alt+Ctrl+T to open terminal and run following command:

sudo apt-get install guayadeque

Clementine:

Installation:

Hit Alt+Ctrl+T to open terminal and run following command:

sudo apt-get install clementine


Unable to install latest brackets on Ubuntu 15.04

Update, the version below is not longer available. Now you have to install the Trusty version:

wget https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-security-proposed/+archive/ubuntu/ppa/+build/7110687/+files/libgcrypt11_1.5.4-2ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libgcrypt11_1.5.4-2ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb

The package libgcrypt11 isn't longer an installable package in Ubuntu 15.04. You need now the library libgcrypt20.

Therefore install the latest Utopic package from here with:

sudo dpkg -i libgcrypt11_1.5.4-2ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb

Or follow the steps from my previous answer to change the dependencies for the brackets package and use libgcrypt20.


VPN no longer works, saves old password?

If add a new VPN connection, it will work once. But every time I connect it will automatically save the previous password.

Previously (when I posted this question), I was unable to set the password back to nothing. Now that does work.

So to connect to my VPN I have to

open my VPN configuration, set the password to blank and save the configuration
only then can I logon succesfully.

I noticed there was a bug reported for exactly this case: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-nettool/+bug/893885

[UPDATE]
On the bug-report, a work-around was posted. Setup the flag "password-flags=2" under [vpn] section in the related VPN config file, located here in Ubuntu:

/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/<name of your vpn connection>

and under the vpn-section:

[vpn]
password-flags=2


Cannot run apt-get autoremove because disk is full

I assume your issue here is that you're not sure what would be safe to delete given that you can't check the things in /home and can't run apt-get autoremove.

Depending on the machine uptime and setup you may be able to free up some space by deleting some logs from /var/log which will generally be safe to delete and can take a decent chunk of space (over 100M on my laptop atm). You can use rm /var/log/foo.log as suggested in another answer.


Use encrypted home or a ATA password on a Intel 330 SSD?

You might want to look at my other answer about full disk encryption. It doesn't cover your Windows partition, though. You can of course dedicate one partition for Windows by slightly altering my instructions but it won't be encrypted.

I think I wouldn't rely on a vendor provided encryption method for anything that I care about but that's just my opinion.


Why does my GNOME dock shrinks on opening too may application?

Open Dash to Dock settings and in the Position and size tab check the Fixed icon size: scroll to reveal other icons option (see screenshot).

Note that with this option enabled, scrolling on the dock to switch workspaces will only work if you place your cursor on the applications menu icon (nine dots icon).


The Ubuntu Raspberry Pi wiki is the most reliable and up-to-date source for information about installing Ubuntu on the Raspberry Pi, but the Ubuntu image for Raspberry Pi linked to at the Ubuntu Raspberry Pi wiki is not an officially supported Ubuntu release. An Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) image is available for the Raspberry Pi 2, which combines the released 14.04 distribution with a PPA containing kernels and firmware which work on the Raspberry Pi 2. The instructions for installing this image are at the same webpage.
Official images
Raspberry Pi preinstalled Ubuntu 20.10 Desktop and preinstalled Ubuntu 20.10 Server images are available from ubuntu.com. The preinstalled images allow you to unpack a preinstalled version of Ubuntu onto a target device.
armhf

Raspberry Pi 2: ubuntu-18.04-preinstalled-server-armhf+raspi2.img.xz (4G image, 296MB compressed)

Raspberry Pi 3: The official Raspberry Pi 2 images can be used with a Pi 3B/3B+ after minor changes (see instructions).

Ubuntu MATE for Raspberry Pi 2/3

Raspberry Pi 4: Ubuntu 19.10 Raspberry Pi 32-bit and 64-bit preinstalled images (raspi3) now support the Raspberry Pi 4 platform out of the box. You can install Ubuntu Server + desktop environment (optional) on a Raspberry Pi 4 by following the instructions in this answer.

Further releases can be found at http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/releases/

arm64
The generic arm64 ISO images can be used with the Raspberry Pi 3. Instructions for booting these are here.
Canonical has released official [Ubuntu Core 16 and Core 18 images for Raspberry Pi 3. The instructions for installing it are at Install Ubuntu Core on a Raspberry Pi 2 or 3. As the wiki says: Snappy Ubuntu Core is a new rendition of Ubuntu with transactional updates - a minimal server image with the same libraries as today’s Ubuntu, but applications are provided through a simpler mechanism.

Ubuntu Core 16 is based on Ubuntu 16.04, and is supported for 5 years.

Ubuntu Core 18 is based on Ubuntu 18.04, and is supported for 10 years.

A new release of Ubuntu Core is released every 2 years on even numbered years (2016, 2018, etc.).
Ubuntu MATE 16.04 has fully working bluetooth and wifi on the Raspberry Pi 3.


CUPS service not working, can't find any logs

After a bit of searching and playing around, thanks to @Benjamin's comment above, I finally found that there is a default configuration file which should be installed in /usr/share/cups/cupsd.conf.default.

I ran

sudo cp /usr/share/cups/cupsd.conf.default /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
sudo service cups restart

and since then it worked!

I still have no idea how the file got lost in the first place though.


Changing the sidepane background color in Nautilus

Edit your existing ~/.gtkrc-2.0 file, or create one if it doesn't exist. This file will let you override parts of your selected GTK+ theme.

gedit ~/.gtkrc-2.0

Add the following style

style "treeview-modified"
{
    GtkTreeView::even_row_color   = "#yourcolor"
}
widget "*NautilusNavigationWindow*" style "treeview-modified"

where "#yourcolor" is obviously the color you want; #F2F1F0 is the Ambiance / Radiance toolbar color that you may be looking to blend with. You can sample other colors using Agave, the GIMP color picker or any color picker tool.

Note that due to the side pane having a frame in all modes except "Information", it will not exactly blend in other modes the way it does in that mode; at least with the default themes. With some further hacking you may be able to work around the outline color and get it to blend exactly the same way if that's what you want.

You can find out more about theme styles in the GTK Theming Tutorial.


What (if anything) is the Ubuntu equivalent of network-scripts?

Ubuntu puts all the interfaces into /etc/network/interfaces , the syntax is similar to RHEL for most of what you want.

With Debian/Ubuntu you can run commands from that file with pre-up, post-up, pre-down, post-down.

For your bridge

sudo apt-get -y install bridge-utils uml-utilities

sample /etc/network/interfaces

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto br0
iface br0 inet static
address 192.168.0.10
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.1
bridge_ports eth0
bridge_stp off
bridge_maxwait 5

If you have a more specific question, or get stuck, post your RHEL config and we can help you convert it.

See man interfaces


Installing Wine 1.5: configure: error: Cannot build a 32-bit program, you need to install 32-bit development libraries

I guess you use Ubuntu 12.04 x64 which now supports multi-architecture. In other words, on a 64-bit system you can build only Wine-x64 version. Building 32-bit Wine on Ubuntu 12.04 x64 seems too buggy as for now.

So just run this command:

./configure --enable-win64


Installed applications not working after upgrade to 13.04

Check in Ubuntu Software Center or Synaptic Package Manager. The installed programs are marked. If you use Synaptic (it's quite fast), click the search button instead of using the default search box (it's buggy). You can re-install a package even if it shows as installed.
Also run sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get update prior to that.
Hope this helps.


How to have pidgin chat windows open up on all workspaces?

If you are using compiz (desktop effects), you can set up “window rules“. Install compizconfig-settings-manager and open it in the System->Preferences menu. Chose the plugin Window rules and set a rule identifying the Pidgin window (for example using its title) and set the sticky attribute for such windows.

You can find an explanation for the various possible rules here: http://wiki.compiz.org/WindowMatching but the compiz settings manager also allows for simply clicking on a window to set up a matching rule.


I found out the cause of this problem after a clean install.
I use nemo file manager and when nemo is set as desktop file handler this happens.
changing it back to nautilus solves it.


How should I manage a secure, personal ssh key?

Going through your points:

When you generate a SSH key, it's stored in ~/.ssh/ as id_rsa (or id_dsa). You can move this from machine to machine as you wish.
You can ensure its encryption by encrypting /home/. There are several sets of instructions on how to do this around the internet but (having never done this myself) I can't honestly suggest one over another. The one on UbuntuForums seems as good as any other. Doing this on a fresh install is easier (you can do it in the installer) but it's not required.
When you generate your keypair, make sure you set a passphrase. This means that even if somebody gets your private key, they still need that token to use it.
ssh-keygen -e will generate your public key hash from your private key. Do yes, you don't need to back that up (although it wouldn't be hard to do either - it's stored as ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub).


Your HP620 has an old GM45 Graphic Chipset, this chipset work as an on demand process.  Meaning once you plug it into the HDMI port you automatically see it, since Ubuntu works kinda the same way.  The bios will also load on screen as well, making it a nice thing to have.


Passing USB smart card works with rdesktop but not freerdp

I found this issue. https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/issues/792

I guess smart card is not included with default ubuntu RDP package. When I compiled from source using

cmake -DWITH_PCSC=ON -DWITH_SSE2=ON .

It works.


Open a terminal(type "gnome-terminal" on the dash) and type lsb_release -a and if the output is:

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
Release:    14.04
Codename:   trusty

you are running the stable release and if the output is:

Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu Trusty Tahr (development branch)
Release: 14.04
Codename: trusty

(see the development branch) you are running the beta version.


The top bar disapper half of it in ubuntu 16.04

Is it possible this is a hardware issue? Many monitors have buttons on the monitor itself for changing the position.

For example, there's usually a "Menu" button of some sort, which brings up a display box which looks something like this:

Obviously the relevant option would be "vertical position", or your monitor's equivalent setting.


How works a loop device (especially a mounted OS Image)

Loop devices generally provides an interface to access a file as a file-system. In order to loop mount an image you have to place the image somewhere in your real file-systems, i.e. disk-partitions.

So while loop devices are virtual, the files they provides access to are not and those files occupy space.

When you add some data to the loop-mounted file-system the data is actually added to the image file, as if you are appending/inserting some bytes of data somewhere in a file. Loop device decides where to put those bytes. So the image file grows in size and deducts space from the hosting file-system.

To answer the question about how OS within an OS runs, it can be said that they either share kernels or use a hypervisor to emulate an encapsulated environment which translate another OS'es instructions to hosting OS'es instructions.


"Package synaptic is not available" in Ubuntu 16.04

Go to System Settings -> Software and Updates and check the "universe" repository.

You can also enable "multiverse" and "restricted" too.

Then the package will get installed after sudo apt update.

Normally these repositories are enabled by default in installed systems, but are disabled in Live systems. In your case the repositries are not enabled for some reason.


You need to install Nvidia driver and also a switch utility.

Run in terminal

sudo apt-get install nvidia-331 nvidia-prime

and reboot.

Without the driver both Nvidia and Intel adapters consume power and that is why the laptop is heating.

You can check which adapter is working by

prime-select query

Switch to Nvidia by

sudo prime-select nvidia

switch to Intel by

sudo prime-select intel

Or do in in GUI Nvidia-Settings program.


How do I fix an internal laptop monitor showing up as unknown connection?

I would certainly report this issue as a bug if you're still being effected by it, from a command line (Applications > Accessories > Terminal) copy and paste the following command:

ubuntu-bug xorg

This should collect all the required information and you should be given the chance to add in more information about your situation and what you've done to try and fix the issue.


Check your system with cat /etc/issue. Is it really 11.10?
Use Update Manager: update-manager -d.


Install 10.10 Netbook Edition on Eee PC [1015] using a USB HDD

After all I figured out how it works. Here is the trick.

Follow the instructions on the download website to create an installer USB stick. You can do this in the Windows installation that comes with the netbook.
Now restart your netbook immediately and hit ESC immediately. This will launch the BIOS settings manager.
Here go to boot settings. Now you do not need to change the boot order to have "removable devices booted first". Rather, from the menu entry under boot sequence, enter the submenu "Hard drives" (or something like that) and here change the priority of the drives such that your USB stick is booted first, and not your HDD. It might be confusing that your stick is not handled as a removable device, so watch up at this point.
Install Ubuntu! Some notes on the installation: There will be 4 partitions. The last one is a seemingly unnecessary one with 21MB of empty space. Keep this one. It is used internall by the Eee PC to speed up the boot. The rest can be erased. Also, at some points the installation might be really slow, or even frozen. Be patient, it is not. It might take as long as 10 minutes, but then it should work.
Boot and enjoy. Everything works smoothly and out of the box!

Bonus hint: Under mouse settings you can enable two finger scrolling just like it is possible with the Eee PC under Windows (without requiring extra Asus software...).

I hope this clarifies things for future users. Cheers!


Display brightness goes two shades darker if I am idle for 10-11 seconds

To adjust the screen brightness, click on the dash and search for Screen. Open Screen settings and you can then adjust your screen brightness settings from there.


Unable to Create partition to install ubuntu

I don't know for sure (it's been awhile), but I think you have created the maximum number of primary partitions.  You can have a maximum of four primary partitions, and you appear to be at that number.  In order to create more partitions, you'll need to delete one of those partitions (probably sda4), and then create a new extended partition, which you can divide into logical partitions.


How to host a website from my local machine?

There are two things here you are doing/trying to do.

1) Hosting on local machine (your laptop) for only your laptop with domain.

2) Hosting on local machine (your laptop) for everyone else (internet) with domain.

Choose the single appropriate solution

For first case:

Edit/Add in the /etc/hosts file to

127.0.0.1   seaglegroup.co.in

remove the

127.0.0.1   116.202.34.38

In the browser you will have to put something like

http://seaglegroup.co.in:8080

For second case:

If you want the internet to see your website you will have to port forward in the router settings. Find your local IP address of your laptop something like 192.168.number.number

Make the local laptop IP address permanent in the router (DHCP Reservation)

http://blog.dlink.com/mastering-static-ip-addresses-2/

http://kb.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/25722/~/how-do-i-reserve-an-ip-address-on-my-netgear-router%3F

Add port forward in your router to your local laptop IP (192.168.number.number)

  Internal port - 8080

  External port - 8080

  IP address - Local laptop IP (192.168.number.number)

wikihow.com/Set-Up-Port-Forwarding-on-a-Router

portforward.com/english/routers/port_forwarding/routerindex.htm

Google "what is my ip". This is your internet IP Address.

  Add DNS in GoDaddy @ pointing to your Internet IP Address

Your Internet IP might not be static and might change each time. So you will have to update the DNS every time.

Give some time for the DNS changes to propogate then in the browser you will have to put something like

http://seaglegroup.co.in:8080


Why is the sync option used with the `dd` command?

You are misreading the command. It's:

xzcat ~/ubuntu.img.xz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX bs=32M
sync

sync is a separate command, here. See man 1 sync:

NAME
       sync - flush file system buffers

SYNOPSIS
       sync [OPTION]

DESCRIPTION
       Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.

Kinda obvious why it's used once you think of caching.

As for the dd option you read, it's a value for the conv option:

Each CONV symbol may be:
   ascii  from EBCDIC to ASCII
   ...
   sync   pad every input block with NULs  to  ibs-size;  when  used  with
          block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs

If it was used (which it isn't), it would be used thus:

dd ... conv=sync


Ubuntu Studio 19.04 keeps resetting refresh rate

At this time, I believe this may be a bug. Please file a bug report with the following command from the terminal:

ubuntu-bug xfce4-settings

Unfortunately, that does not fix your issue, but is the first step to getting this resolved for everyone. This may already be fixed in Xfce 4.14-pre1 (currently being tested in Ubuntu 19.10 by both Xubuntu and Ubuntu Studio), but there is no way of knowing for sure.


Oh, well, I found the answer myself. It's not a bug, just go into plugin -> alternative toolbar setting, there's un option to turn on volume icon.


GRUB2 menu showing up with a single OS from time to time

Grub has a parameter that forces menu to appear on abnormal shutdown. That is so you can decide if you need to boot in recovery mode to make repairs or not.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2

See section on Last Boot Failed or Boot into Recovery Mode. And
See entry on GRUB_RECORDFAIL_TIMEOUT settings in grub and other info if grub entry does not work.

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

GRUB_RECORDFAIL_TIMEOUT=0

You may still need a Ubuntu live installer to run fsck or make other fixes as abnormal shutdown can cause issues that need fixes.


No sound after fresh installation of Xubuntu 16.04 (Dual Boot with Windows XP)

In pavucontrol  configuration tab, check  "profile" is not set to HDMI but to analog. Also in output device tab, test changing  port to "headphone" or "speaker"
Run Alsamixer in  a terminal (maximize window)  and using left/right arrow keys to scroll thru faders, raise all volumes (up/down arrow key) , unmute muted faders with m key  (muted fader have a MM label)  ,
test changing  state of this 2 selectors in the extrem right side  (using up/down arrow keys): "automute" "loopback"   :
usually,"automute" is enabled ,   "loopback" is disabled

(on my soundcard , no sound if loopback is enabled)


OpenJDK-8/Oracle JDK 8 Font Patches for Ubuntu

After reading various tutorials and messing with a bunch of fixes I've found a way that works perfectly.

First of all download JDK 8 from Oracle and execute the following lines in the terminal:

cd Downloads
tar -xvf jdk-8u25-linux-x64.tar.gz
rm jdk-8u25-linux-x64.tar.gz
sudo mkdir -p /usr/lib/jvm/
sudo mv jdk1.8.0_25 /usr/lib/jvm/

Now download the JDK font fix (Courtesy of Urshulyak Yaroslav) by executing the following:

cd ~/Downloads
wget http://urshulyak.com/jdk-8u5-tuxjdk-b08.tar.gz
tar -xvf jdk-8u5-tuxjdk-b08.tar.gz
sudo mv jdk-8u5-tuxjdk-b08 /usr/lib/jvm
rm jdk-8u5-tuxjdk-b08.tar.gz

This will extract the downloaded zip and move it to /usr/lib/jvm/. Now run the following in the terminal:

cd ~
sudo gedit .bashrc

Then add the following lines to the very bottom of the bashrc file.

JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_25/
export JAVA_HOME

Save it then gedit the idea.sh. (Your script location may be different)

gedit /home/USER/Downloads/idea/bin/idea.sh

At the very bottom of the script replace the line(s) in the While Do statement at the bottom with these two lines:

eval "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-8u5-tuxjdk-b08/bin/java" $ALL_JVM_ARGS -Djb.restart.code=88 $MAIN_CLASS_NAME "$@"
test $? -ne 88 && break

Save it then open up IntelliJ, the fonts should work and you will be using Oracle JDK 8 for development. You will likely have to edit Project Settings and set up your JDK again but be sure to use the actual JDK and not the font fix one.

This fix also works with CLion, Android Studio and PyCharm.

These instructions assume the JDK version was 1.8.0_25, file/path names will change for future versions.


It is safe to have a swap partition on the SSD?

TL;DR: yes, it's OK to have swap on SSD, and swap partition is only one of many factors that may ( not necessarily will ) decrease SSD lifespan

Let's address the elephant in the room first: beginning with 18.04 release Ubuntu uses swap file instead of full partition ( see release notes ). So you won't have swap partition in the first place unless you yourself make one.

Now back to the topic. To some extent it was true that having swap partition may decrease SSD life when SSDs just came out. This has to do with the amount of writes that SSD can withstand and how aggressively your OS uses swap. To quote Wikipedia article on the topic:

  If a particular block was programmed and erased repeatedly without writing to any other blocks, that block would wear out before all the other blocks — thereby prematurely ending the life of the SSD

So if your machine uses swap a lot - that is a lot of writes to that particular area of the drive - that decreases SSD life expectancy, even though other parts may be good. Note also that life of an SSD depends also on the particular technology used - cheaper drives use less reliable flash storage in general, and obviously more expensive - last longer with better flash storage. Other things affect SSD lifespan such as:

power outages and spikes
hibernation ( which saves a lot of RAM contents to disk )
temperature
if your SSD will be in datacenter environment, there's a potential that a lot of writes to log files can have an effect of lifespan, which I am guessing is why Debian suggests /var/log to be in persistent ramdisk.

ZDnet cites an article on the research performed by a professor at University of Toronto and Google, according to which one of the key conclusions is "SSD age, not usage, affects reliability." In other words, if this study is correct, even with high usage swap it's not going to drastically affect SSD reliability. Among other things, swap's primary purpose is to free up RAM so that more RAM is available to new processes. Well, with low swappiness setting and high RAM amounts nowadays, swap is used less and less, so it won't contribute as much to the lifetime of SSD.

It's also worth noting that swap partitions support TRIM according to answer on our fellow SO site Unix&Linux, which also plays a role in wear leveling - swap is not just wearing out SSD, but also has ability to engage SSD's built-in wear leveling mechanisms.

In conclusion, yes, it's OK to have swap partition and swap file, because:

SSD life depends on multiple actors
having swap or swap partition is still necessary to free up RAM memory that processes need
with larger RAM sizes swap is used less and less nowadays, hence less worry about swap reads and writes contributing to wear

See also:

Is it still bad to use swap on a modern SSD?
Does bigger capacity SSD have longer life due to wear leveling?


NoobsLab has made available through their PPA a new theme entitled Ambience-Dark-Red. It retains the default Unity decorations and icons and simply tweaks colours. Although not as good, it is at this stage the closest to DarkNight you can get for Ubuntu 14.04.

To install Ambience-Dark-Red:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ambiance-dark-red

The original Ambience-Dark theme is also available from NoobsLab. It is a low contrast theme that may be hard to read without the appropriate lighting/brightness.

It can be install with the following terminal commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ambiance-dark

An alternative, also from NoobsLab is the GnomishDark theme:

Note that it was a bit buggy on Ubuntu 13.10. To install:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gnomishdark

Update

A few more styles have been made available by NoobsLab:

The Mediterranean package includes some nice blueish themes worth trying. They also impose great changes to window decorations and icons that may not be to everyone's taste.

To install the Meditarranean package:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mediterranean-theme

Numix Bluish is a variation of the Numix theme, with what to my eyes seem violet and green hues. There is again a good deal of customisation regarding icons and window decorations.

To install Numix Bluish:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install numix-bluish-theme


Send stereoscopic image via HDMI Frame Packing

The following solution comes without any warranty. Be aware that sending HDMI signals that violate the standard may be bad for your TV/projector and that the following tiny hack breaks abstraction layers, which were introduced for a reason. Please do not ask for a kernel patch (i.e. file a bug there).

One method is a tiny modification of the drm kernel module. Please read How (recipe) to build only one kernel module? first.

The file you have to modify is: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid.c.
We change this line to:

    s3d_flags = (mode->flags & DRM_MODE_FLAG_3D_MASK) ||
            (mode->vdisplay == 2205);

and insert here the following lines:

    if(mode->vdisplay == 2205)
            return HDMI_3D_STRUCTURE_FRAME_PACKING;

You should remove most (if not all) graphic card specific modules from drivers/gpu/drm/Makefile before compiling the drm module according
to the question mentioned in the beginning. Be aware that you have to update initramfs, since the drm module is loaded at boot time.

This solution was tested with an Epson projector and intel graphics card (uses i915). Before modifying the drm module you should check that your graphic card kernel module actually uses the relevant functions of the drm module. Otherwise this hack is pointless.


upgrade from 11.10 to 12.04: no mouse, no connection, icon missings

Ubuntu 11.10 has reached End of Life, and so the updates necessary to do a successful upgrade to Ubuntu 12.04 are no longer supported. You should have backed up your personal files and done a clean install. Doing a clean install of Ubuntu 12.04 should take about 30 minutes plus whatever time it takes you to backup all your personal files before you start the clean install of Ubuntu 12.04.


Passwords and Keys AKA Seahorse, how do I export private and public key pair?

You can't export them both at the same time, from what I've seen. I exported my private key by pressing the "export secret key" button inside of SeaHorse (double click your key, go under the "Details" tab, then you should see the button) and exported my public key using the command "gpg --output "My Public Key.asc" --export -a " in the terminal. Your key ID is shown in the top left of "Details" tab which I mentioned earlier.


Can't uninstall "GNOME Shell integration" extension after uninstalling GNOME

sudo apt-get purge chrome-gnome-shell

Should get rid of it on Ubuntu without restarting


Nagios

This is one of the most popular web based Linux monitoring systems nowadays, actually it’s industry standard for IT infrastructure monitoring. Licensed under GPL Nagios is available for everybody free of charge and allows to monitor availability and response time of network services, usage of system resources like CPU load, RAM allocation etc.,

Project’s homepage: http://www.nagios.org/

Cacti

Cacti is another web based monitoring system written in PHP and licensed under GPL. Unlike Nagios describe above Cacti was designed mainly fo the graphs

Project’s homepage: http://www.cacti.net/

Zabbix

Project’s homepage: http://www.zabbix.com/

MRTG

Project’s homepage: http://oss.oetiker.ch/mrtg/

Nfsen

Nfsen is open source Netflow collector and analyzer available under open source license. It differs from monitoring tools described here — Nfsen collects only network usage data and shows the interactive graphs based on that data.

Project’s homepage: http://nfsen.sourceforge.net/

Those are Web based network and system monitoring. If you want desktop applications i would recommend you to use etherape. You can install by:

sudo apt-get install etherape


Seems newer kernels cause CPU hard lookups

It appears it's a bug with intel-microcode:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/intel-microcode/+bug/1759920

It's being worked on but in the meantime I used a grub parameter

dis_ucode_ldr

to make it boot. As advised in the bug report, you can also revert to an earlier version of intel-microcode package.


freshclam error, "clamd.conf" file not found

It seems that installing clamav via apt-get install clamav doesn't actually install the clamav daemon; it only installs the freshclam daemon.  You'll probably want to install clamav-daemon as well.  The first time clamd runs, it'll create /etc/clamav/clamd.conf.

Note that the clamav package does install clamscan, which you can invoke manually to scan specific files/directories.  However, by default, nothing will be scanned automatically. clamav-daemon allows scans to be triggered remotely, but even that doesn't schedule scans or provide realtime protection.

This is a good reminder that you should never just install security software and forget about it.  You need to make sure it's working properly.  I'm sure plenty of people run sudo apt-get install clamav, then just assume it's working in the background--when, in reality, all that's running is freshclam.

If you're actually looking for realtime protection, instead of just trying to run a scan, user61995 mentioned a potential solution.  I haven't tested it.

tl;dr: sudo apt install clamav-daemon to fix the error, but you still have to run scans manually to be protected; these packages don't provide realtime protection.


How to set parity/stop bits on Keyspan (or other) usb-to-serial / RS232 converter? (stty doesn't work)

Turns out the driver was working fine. The source was using a non-standard baud rate. Pyserial supports custom baud rates, so once I knew what it was using, the data came through ok with Even parity.


Boot with the boot option toram

You want to install into a partition on the drive, that you are booting from via an iso file. The installer notices that there is a mounted partition, that it cannot unmount.

According to your uploaded screenshot, you need to unmount /dev/sda5, the mounted partition on the target drive for the installation.

In order to do that you should boot with the boot option toram. It means that the mountpoint /cdrom will be pointing to a RAM drive, and then it will be possible to unmount /dev/sda5.

Add the word 'toram' to the 'linux' line

linux ... quiet splash ---

-->

linux ... quiet splash toram ---

Do it live alias 'on the fly' by editing the syslinux or grub alternative according to this link,

Try Ubuntu - Boot options


Replacing Windows 7 with ubuntu on a Lenovo T530

Some jurisdictions will enable you to get a refund for the Window you are not using.

Aside from this, some manufacturers can be a bit of a problem in terms of support. Their support telephone operator scripts, etc, depend on Windows to work. Some will deny you support on the grounds that you installed an OS other than that supplied (although I'd be surprised if Lenovo was one of these).

That said, the T530 is certified "Enabled for Ubuntu"
http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/hardware/201205-11132/

Intel graphics controllers work well in Linux, as their drivers are both written by the manufacturer, and open-source as well.


Configure owner and permissions for upstart log files

No, upstart runs as root, and is in charge of creating the log files. You'll want to do your own logging if you want to control the owners and permissions. You can just direct the output/stderr of all of the commands to a log file if that is what you want.


grep "something" anyfiles.log > afile.csv , don't need to print the input path and file name to CSV file

Use the --no-filename option for grep.

  Suppress the prefixing of file names on output. This is the default when there is only one file (or only standard input) to search.

grep --no-filename "domain"

Reference: Grep Manual


How to compile a kernel identical to apt-get install linux-image-xxx

You built the kernel a wrong way. The Debian way to build a kernel is:

fakeroot debian/rules clean
fakeroot debian/rules binary-headers binary-generic

This will build the Ubuntu kernel 4.4.0-31 if you checked out the correct tag.


Drivers for a Brother MFC-240C printer, they still exist?

You should visit this site. Those are the official Brother drivers for the MFC 240C. I have not tried them but I don't see any obvious reason why they wouldn't work.


What is "deb deb-src stable/xenial main" in /etc/apt/sources.list

Your question revolves around the syntax or format of source list file that describes other programs what, how & from where to get the sources. So, Here it goes :

Apt ( Advanced package tool )

used to manage the repository on Debian & Debian-based (Ubuntu) systems. It uses  a file that lists the Repository Sources from where packages should and can be obtained. Also the file lists how the packages should be obtained and from what subpackages (or suites).

Everything lies in the /etc/apt/sources.list

The format in which entities are written tells everything to apt. However, there are two variations of the format.

One-line-style format

They have extensions .list
Traditional format, supported by all version of apt.
A single line entry describes the source.
Example :

deb http://security.debian.org stretch/updates main contrib non-free

deb822-style format

They have extension .sources
Supported by apt itself since version 1.1
Individual entries are separated by an empty line where each entry contains information in the form of fieldname : value.
Example :

Types: deb
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian
Suites: stretch
Components: main contrib non-free

As you can get an idea from deb822-style format what are those words you asked in question. Let's get into more details into the format.

1. Archive Type

It tells which source is going to be accessed.
The first word on each line possibly deb or deb-src, indicates the type of archive.
deb indicates that archive contains binary packages (deb), the pre-compiled packages that we normally use.
deb-src indicates source packages, which are the original program sources plus the Debian control files (.dsc) and the diff.gz containing the changes needed for packaging the program.
Format, syntax and names of the options vary between one-line-style and deb822-style formats as described above, but they both have the same options available.

2. Repository URL or URI Specification

Its simply a URL/URI to the source repository from where you want to get the packages. You can specify type for the URL/URI that can be anyone from the currently recognized URIs that are :

http | https | file | cdrom | ftp | copy | rsh,ssh

You can add more recognizable URI types, If you want.

3. Suite

A suite refers to combination of two attributes of distribution that are :

Release Code Name

An alias given to every release of OS. Every OS has got a Code Name
& you already now that How to get distribution's full code name ?
Release Class

Defines the development phase of a package that can be one or the combination of the following :

stable testing unstable

4. Components

Components tell that whether package is :

Free (As defined in context of free software) or Non-Free,
Independent ( as in main ) or have dependencies somewhere else ( as in contrib ).
whether they comply with DFSG or not.
Also tell the Repository Sections that can be main or restricted or universe or multiverse.

5. Options

The EDIT part in your question refers to what is called as options. And as the name says, they are optional but when used, they modify the source entry to fetch a particular kind of packages. They can define :

Architecture for which packages are to be fetched. As in options in the source entry you quote in Edit part :

"[arch=amd64]"

specific Language
Trust level of sources
Pdiff values
and many others.

The Syntax (Revised) :

One-line-style format

[archive-type] [ option1=value1,option2=value2 ] URI suite [component1] [component2] [...]

deb822-style format

Types: deb deb-src
URIs: uri
Suites: suite
Components: [component1] [component2] [...]
option1: value1
option2: value2

Some Useful Links.

Example lines in sources.list file
How do I remove a malformed line in my sources.list

Feel free to add-in more details.


You need to use innoextract  to extract the contents of an InnoSetup installation program. Once installed, the application can be run as follows:
innoextract setup-something-1.0.0.exe

Note that files are extracted to the current directory.


Is Onboard graphics enough for running Ubuntu 12.04?

No problem installing Ubuntu 12.04 on either your desktop or your laptop. All you need is 384MB of RAM. Installing even a cheap, low-end graphics card on your desktop will noticeably improve your performance.


Test this:

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

sudo -i
nano /etc/apt/sources.list

In the open file.

Delete the contents.

Paste the following:

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-security multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu utopic partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu utopic partner
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic main
# deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic main
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed universe multiverse restricted main

Ctrl + O, save file. Ctrl + X, close nano.

Continue running:

apt-get autoremove
apt-get clean
UNUSCONF=$(dpkg -l|grep "^rc"|awk '{print $2}')
apt-get remove --purge $UNUSCONF
NEWKERNEL=$(uname -r|sed 's/-*[a-z]//g'|sed 's/-386//g')
ADDKERNEL="linux-(image|headers|ubuntu-modules|restricted-modules)"
METAKERNEL="linux-(image|headers|restricted-modules)-(generic|i386|server|common|rt|xen)"
UNUSKERNELS=$(dpkg -l|awk '{print $2}'|grep -E $ADDKERNEL |grep -vE $METAKERNEL|grep -v $NEWKERNEL)
apt-get remove --purge $UNUSKERNELS
apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade
dpkg --configure -a
apt-get -f install
apt-get clean
reboot


If you installed the libgsl0-dev package, then its header files should have gone in /usr/include/gsl and its libraries in /usr/lib

You can confirm this by looking at the output of the command dpkg -L libgsl0-dev or by looking at the list of files online at http://packages.ubuntu.com

I don't think it is possible to know from what you have posted whether the software you are installing is expecting the gsl subdirectory - that is, whether it wants

GSL_INCLUDE = '/usr/include/gsl'

or just

GSL_INCLUDE = '/usr/include'

(in C-language terms, that would be the difference between something like #include <gsl/cblas.h> and #include <cblas.h>). You may need to try both.

Note that /usr/include and /usr/lib are standard search paths for tools such as gcc. Most often, when development packages install to such paths there is no need to set them explicitly - you will see that pkg-config --cflags --libs does not output any -I or -L include path or library path directives.


Where must I click in Printing Settings to pull up Server settings?

To see a "Server" button try:

system-config-printer

in the Terminal.

bye


Thanks for the support!
I solved by setting up the gateway only for the external network em2 and routing the em1 on another gateway for net 179.0.0.0.

See ya!


Upstart scripting: Start service and immediately run another command

It's possible that redis hasn't created the socket at the point the post-start exec runs. You could try changing the post-start line to:

post-start script
  sleep 5
  chmod 777 /tmp/redis.sock
end script


You might run into the problem where gnome-keyring-daemon didn't start.

A workaround for me was to uninstall dbus-user-session.

See https://askubuntu.com/a/936051/358045.


How to parse Linux(Ubuntu) PTY bash output data?

I found a document about the protocol. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code


Should MaaS and Juju get installed on one of my servers or on a client system?

I hope this personal experience can help you.

Currently I am working through my POC (Proof of Concept) with only three servers. I have one thats a x86 and two that are 64-bit.

To date I have successfully had the x86 work as the node controller and region controller and enlist new nodes with MAAS. I have also been able to have a juju instance and load up some charms, deploy and expose to the web.

The only place where I am stuck is getting juju to bootstrap under MAAS. example ( juju deploy mysql --to 2 ) I think if your working through your POC and understand configuration, proper steps and methods your good to go.

Hope this helps,

John


You can use this add-on to hide the tab bar if there's only one tab in a window: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/hide-tab-bar-with-one-tab/


how to install python third modules into virtualenv?

Try these steps:

wget http://www.parallelpython.com/downloads/pp/pp-1.6.4.zip
unzip -e pp-1.6.4.zip
cd pp-1.6.4
python setup.py install


How can I play songs by just hovering the mouse on them?

You could install gnome-sushi. It's a previewer for images, audio files and documents.
Just "sudo apt-get install gnome-sushi" or visit Software Center.


Installing efibootmgr at end of Ubuntu install on Mac

The instructions on that site become suddenly vague at the crucial point.

sudo apt-get install efibootmgr

is most definitely an Ubuntu command and nothing to do with OSX

The guide seems to assume you're running the graphical installer program (ubiquity) from a live environment. Although it just says "boot the USB and install as normal" I would elaborate slightly

After creating a live USB of the desktop edition of Ubuntu, turn your computer off and on again and select the USB in the boot menu or firmware settings (accessed with whatever method your hardware requires)
At the initial menu select Try Ubuntu without installing
When the desktop loads, click on the Install Ubuntu icon
Select your options... If not dual booting, Erase the disk and install Ubuntu, allowing the installer to partition for you, and not choosing LVM, is the simplest formula.
According to the instructions, when told to reboot, rebelliously refuse and instead open a terminal, by clicking the terminal launcher icon, searching for "terminal" in the dash, or pressing Ctrl+Alt+T (wait, what's that on a Mac?)
Enter the command in the terminal... and that should be it.


How is "chromium-chromedriver" package used?

The Firefox webdriver failed with this message:

  "The browser appears to have exited before we could connect"

Which means that selenium managed to find it. I also believe that beta versions can be the root cause as it works out of the box for me using the repo version.
For Chromium, you have to install the following packages:

sudo apt-get install python-selenium chromium-chromedriver

And fix the libui_base.so library path (See Chromedriver on Ubuntu 14.04 - error while loading shared libraries: libui_base.so)
To use the Chrome webdriver install the following dependency:

sudo apt-get install python-selenium

And download the Chromedriver from here, select the one corresponding to your architecture e.g:

http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/2.14/chromedriver_linux64.zip
or http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/2.14/chromedriver_linux32.zip

Extract the chromedriver file for example in your $HOME folder.

Then to start the chromedriver from python, open a terminal and type:

$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56)
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import os
>>> from selenium import webdriver
>>> driver = webdriver.Chrome(os.path.expanduser('~/chromedriver'))

Finally I'd recommend to use the package version of python-selenium available from the Ubuntu repositories to avoid installation in /usr/local/lib.


I can't boot into Ubuntu _ Cannot find GRLDR in all devices

Search for the WUBILDR.* files on your Windows 7.

They were located on the Ubuntu folder.

Then copy -not move- the 3 files directly to c:/

and it will work!!


Extending Partition for Ubuntu: Shrinking D drive

Yes. That makes no sense in Ubuntu. Open the partitioner, shrink the D: partition and install Ubuntu on the freed space.


How can I prevent my external hard drive from automatically poweríng on right after I unmounted it?

My USB 3 external drive does the same thing. If found references on the Internet that say it's a USB 3 problem. Plugging the drive into a USB 2 port and it'll act the way you expect it to. Try that, and report back.


Am answer that better matches the question....

You need to define a zone that declares your name server as a master, so that it will offer the answers to other servers, so you need at least a line:
    type master;
within that zone.

Here's what I have in my server's /etc/bind/named.conf.local
(on 14:04LTS), except that my file actually has 'notify no;' in the last view, but I believe you will need 'notify yes;' to publish the data.

#
# Do any local configuration here
#
#
# Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your
# organization

include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918";

acl masters {
    # 195.62.28.14  # ns1.tsohost.co.uk;
    # 194.142.155.4 # ns2.tsohost.co.uk;
    # 95.142.154.15 # ns3.tsohost.co.uk;
};

acl internals {
    127.0.0.0/8;    # IPv4 localhost/loopback
    10.0.0.0/24;    # IPv4 localnel
    #::1/128;   # IPv6 localhost/loopback
    #fe80::/10; # IPv6 link-local
    # fec0::/10;    # IPv6 site-local ... deprecated
};

view "internal" {
    match-clients { internals; };
    recursion yes;
    zone "gscott.co.uk" {
        type master;
        file "/etc/bind/internals/db.gscott.co.uk";
    };
};

view "external" {
    match-clients { any; };
    # recursion no;
    notify yes;
    zone "gscott.co.uk" {
        type master;
        file "/etc/bind/externals/db.gscott.co.uk";
    };
};

Then you'll need the zone files themselves, e.g. something like:

;
;       gscott.co.uk
;
$TTL    604800
@       IN      SOA     gscott.co.uk gscott.gscott.co.uk (
                        201411282233    ;       serial
                                604800  ;       refresh
                                86400   ;       Retry
                                2419200 ;       Expire
                                604800) ;       Negative cache TTL
;
@               IN      NS      ns1
                IN      MX  10  mail

barbican        IN      A       87.127.155.63   ; the outside world .. 'yer be dragons!

IMHO, unless you really want to do this, the quick solution is much simpler and less fraught.


Fluxbox configuration on Ubuntu 14.04 mini iso installed on EXT-BT board

Try this:

Run in a terminal:

sudo -i
apt-get update
apt-get install  software-properties-common
apt-get dist-upgrade

apt-get install xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core xfonts-base xinit x11-xserver-utils x11-apps x11-session-utils x11-utils xinput xorg lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter oxygen-icon-theme flashplugin-installer gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg libcurl3 libnotify4 libtag1-vanilla dkms gvfs gvfs-backends policykit-1 udisks2 synaptic fluxbox fluxconf idesk rox-filer

dpkg --configure -a
apt-get autoremove
apt-get clean
reboot

Edited: Minimal fluxbox install

Run in a terminal:

sudo -i
apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade
apt-get install xorg gvfs gvfs-backends policykit-1 udisks2 fluxbox fluxconf idesk rox-filer
dpkg --configure -a
apt-get autoremove
apt-get clean
reboot


Brightness doesn't decrease in Ubuntu 14.04

Do

echo 500 >/sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness


Which package to install to use C/C++ compiler with Eclipse

It depends on how which applications you use, the gcc package contains the gcc, where the buil-essential package contains some additional dev-tools (e.g. make and g++).
A list of packages included in build-essential package can be found here.


The problem may be that YouTube is using Flash, which is notorious for being slow on Linux. Try going here and clicking the link to participate in the YouTube HTML5 beta. The player isn't as nice, but it should perform better.


Download libicu55 package from http://packages.ubuntu.com/en/xenial/amd64/libicu55/download

wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/i/icu/libicu55_55.1-7ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./libicu55_55.1-7ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb

If the sudo apt install fails, download the file directly from the provided link via the browser. Then open it with Software Install.

Then follow instructions for 16.04

...
sudo apt install -y powershell

Source: https://asknicks.blogspot.ru/2017/05/install-powershell-on-ubuntu-17.html


Modify indicator - increase distance between icon and text

Append these lines to /usr/share/themes/FlatStudio/gtk-3/menu_frame.css:

/* Add right padding for all child images in menu items */
.menuitem GtkImage {
    padding-right: 4px;
}

/* Remove padding for last last icon, like the one in session indicator */
.menuitem GtkImage:last-child {
    padding-right: 0px;
}

Samething for other variant themes dark, blue,.. This is a screenshot with 25px (just to make it clear)


Unable to boot Ubuntu - stuck at GRUB command-line

Solved: instead of burning the kubuntu 18.10 ISO to an USB key (dd if=$SOURCE of=/dev/sdh bs=4M), I burned on a DVD. Slapped the DVD in the PC, and voilà.

Weird, tho.... dd is such a reliable tool.


UEFI: Installed Ubuntu only to have Ubuntu freeze at the purple loading screen

I'm glad that you found the nouveau.modeset=0 workaround. because that makes this solution a little easier.

Boot with that flag set and log in. Open a terminal and run these commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update

Now, search for and open the Additional Drivers app and select the nvidia-graphics-drivers-361 option. That name will be in parentheses. Hit apply and enter your password to install the driver.

Once you have that driver, you can boot without nouveau.modeset=0.


Diskfilter writes are not supported > What triggers this error?

It's a BUG!
This is a bug that occurs in the most recent version of Ubuntu Server LTS (Ubuntu Server 14.04 LTS), when you create the boot partition (or the root partition, when the boot partition doesn't exists) inside a LVM or a RAID partition.
You can get more info about this bug in Ubuntu Launchpad: Bug #1274320 "Error: diskfilter writes are not supported".
Update: This bug is already fixed in Ubuntu Server 14.04 and some newer Ubuntu versions. Probably, you only need to run apt-get upgrade.
Why does this bug occur?
When the system is booting, GRUB reads (load_env) data in /boot/grub/grubenv. This file is called GRUB Environment Block.
From the GRUB Manual:

It is often useful to be able to remember a small amount of information from one boot to the next.
[...]
At boot time, the load_env command (see load_env) loads environment variables from it, and the save_env (see save_env) command saves environment variables to it.
[...]
grub-mkconfig uses this facility to implement GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT

This behavior can be founded in /etc/grub.d/00_header (update-grub uses this file to generate the /boot/grub/grub.cfg file):
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  set have_grubenv=true
  load_env
fi

The problem is that the save_env statement only works in simple installations (you can't run save_env inside a RAID or LVM disk). From the GRUB manual:

For safety reasons, this storage is only available when installed on a plain disk (no LVM or RAID), using a non-checksumming filesystem (no ZFS), and using BIOS or EFI functions (no ATA, USB or IEEE1275).

The GRUB recordfail feature uses the save_env statement to update the recordfail state (see Ubuntu Help - Grub 2, "Last Boot Failed or Boot into Recovery Mode" section). However, in Ubuntu 14.04 (and in recent Debian versions), the save_env statement (inside the recordfail feature) is used even if GRUB is installed in a LVM or a RAID.
Let's see the lines from 104 to 124 in /etc/grub.d/00_header:
if [ "$quick_boot" = 1 ]; then
    [...]
    case "$FS" in
      btrfs | cpiofs | newc | odc | romfs | squash4 | tarfs | zfs)
    cat <<EOF
  # GRUB lacks write support for $FS, so recordfail support is disabled.
  [...]
  if [ -n "\${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "\${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi

GRUB correctly skips the recordfail feature when using unsupported filesystems (btrfs, zfs, etc), but it doesn't skip LVM and RAID at any moment.
How does GRUB protect itself from writing inside RAID and LVM?
To read/write correctly in a filesystems, GRUB loads an appropriate module.
GRUB uses the diskfilter module (insmod diskfilter) in RAID partitions, and the lvm module in LVM partitions.
Let's see the read/write implementation of the diskfilter module:
apt-get source grub2
vim grub2-2.02~beta2/grub-core/disk/diskfilter.c

I'm pasting the code here (lines from 808 to 823). The warning showed in this question appears at line 821:
static grub_err_t
grub_diskfilter_read (grub_disk_t disk, grub_disk_addr_t sector,
                  grub_size_t size, char *buf)
{
  return read_lv (disk->data, sector, size, buf);
}

static grub_err_t
grub_diskfilter_write (grub_disk_t disk __attribute ((unused)),
             grub_disk_addr_t sector __attribute ((unused)),
             grub_size_t size __attribute ((unused)),
             const char *buf __attribute ((unused)))
{
  return grub_error (GRUB_ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET,
                 "diskfilter writes are not supported");
}

The grub_diskfilter_read function is implemented (and GRUB can read RAID filesystems). However, the grub_diskfilter_write function raises a GRUB_ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET error.
Why does using quick_boot=0 solve the problem? And why is it the wrong solution?
If you look one more time in the /etc/grub.d/00_header code, you will see that the recordfail featured is only used when quick_boot=1. So, changing quick_boot from 1 to 0 disables the recordfail feature, and disables writes in the RAID/LVM partition.
However, it'll disable many other features too (run grep \$quick_boot /etc/grub.d/* and you'll see). More yet, if one day you change your /boot/grub directory to outside the RAID/LVM, the recordfail feature will still disabled.
Summarily, this solution unnecessarily disables features, and it's not generic.
What is the correct solution?
The correct solution should consider disable the save_env statements when GRUB is inside LVM or RAID partitions.
One patch was proposed in the Debian Bug Tracker system to implement this solution. It can be found in: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=754921
The idea behind this patch is:

Run a grub-probe --target=abstraction "${grubdir}" command to get what kind of abstraction modules GRUB uses to read/write files in the /boot/grub directory;
If GRUB uses the diskfilter or lvm module, skip the recordfail save_env statement and write an appropriated comment in the /boot/grub/grub.cfg file;

For example, # GRUB lacks write support for /dev/md0, so recordfail support is disabled.

How to apply the correct solution?
If you don't want to wait for this patch be applied by the Ubuntu/Debian guys in the official code, you can use my patched 00_header:
# Download
wget https://gist.githubusercontent.com/rarylson/da6b77ad6edde25529b2/raw/99f266a10e663e1829efc25eca6eddb9412c6fdc/00_header_patched
# Apply
mv /etc/grub.d/00_header /etc/grub.d/00_header.orig
mv 00_header_patched /etc/grub.d/00_header
# Disable the old script and enable the new one
chmod -x /etc/grub.d/00_header.orig
chmod +x /etc/grub.d/00_header
# Update Grub
update-grub


How can i designate a script to be run at startup that floats a certain input method?

While the device ID might change... the device name will, in most cases, remain the same. Therefore, you can use the device name in the query to get its specific ID like so:
xinput list --id-only "Virtual core XTEST keyboard"

Replace Virtual core XTEST keyboard with the name of your specific keyboard you get from xinput list
You can use it with xinput float like so:
xinput float "$(xinput list --id-only 'Virtual core XTEST keyboard')"


It seems you've logged into a Unity session somehow, you need to log into a (default) GNOME session.

To do that when you boot your system and get to the GDM login screen you should find a cogwheel (⚙) next to the sign in button. If you click on the cogwheel you should find an Ubuntu (and Ubuntu on Wayland) option. Select it and log in.


Entire HDD is one big lvm2-pv, hence unable to resize partitions or even bring back Windows

LVM has concepts of a physical volume and logical volume.  You can resize logical volumes and even move them between physical drives (each with a physical volume), as much as you like.  But that is only affecting the logical volumes, and you can't install Windows inside one.  To install Windows, you have to put it in a bare partition without LVM that Windows can boot to.

LVM's not really designed to be able to easily resize or move physical volumes.  It's designed for environments where you just throw a new physical drive in and start migrating.  Manipulating a physical volume on an existing drive can be done, but it's complicated and if done wrong you can lose everything.

One alternative way to do this would be to migrate everything off the drive onto a portable or second drive, then reformat the first without LVM, partition it how you like (with a Windows partition) and then migrate back.  You could decide you don't want the hassle of LVM and migrate raw.  Still fairly involved though, as you still need to know how to resize partitions and do a raw block copy of a partition, and if you use LVM on your temporary drive you'll need to boot with a boot CD and mount an LVM volume manually, which is hair-raisingly tricky.  I've done it before with the added complication of luks encryption, which adds another layer of complexity.

If you want to resize the LVM physical volume in-place, you can follow some of these instructions.  It'll be faster but you have to be careful.

How can I resize an LVM partition? (i.e: physical volume)

Backup first as it's easy to make a mistake in which you lose your data.


How to find previous boot log after Ubuntu 16.04+ restarts?

Reported as a bug that's an undocumented feature

There is a bug report filed on this topic. Because rsyslog already maintains multiple boot journals in /var/log/syslog and syslog.1, .2.gz, .3.gz... syslog.7.gz the developers felt keeping extra journalctl logs would waste disk space.

The bug report states on January 3, 2018 that for new installs rsyslog will no longer be the default and that journalctl will keep multiple boot data logs.

Create multiple boot logs without reinstalling Ubuntu

Most of us won't do a new install so to enable multiple journalctl boot logs in which case we can use:

$ sudo mkdir -p /var/log/journal
$ sudo systemd-tmpfiles --create --prefix /var/log/journal
Cannot set file attribute for '/var/log/journal', value=0x00800000, mask=0x00800000: Operation not supported

According to this github report the warning message "Cannot set file attribute" can be ignored.

Optional persistent storage setting

After using previous boot logging for many months I've discovered another option that can be set in /etc/systemd/journald.conf:

From journald.conf man page:

  Storage=

  Controls where to store journal data. One of "volatile", "persistent", "auto" and "none". If "volatile", journal log data will
  be stored only in memory, i.e. below the /run/log/journal hierarchy
  (which is created if needed). If "persistent", data will be stored
  preferably on disk, i.e. below the /var/log/journal hierarchy (which
  is created if needed), with a fallback to /run/log/journal (which is
  created if needed), during early boot and if the disk is not writable.
  "auto" is similar to "persistent" but the directory /var/log/journal
  is not created if needed, so that its existence controls where log
  data goes. "none" turns off all storage, all log data received will be
  dropped. Forwarding to other targets, such as the console, the kernel
  log buffer, or a syslog socket will still work however. Defaults to
  "auto".

In a nutshell remove the comment and revise the line to:

Storage=persistent

Display list of previous boots

$ journalctl --list-boots
-15 58a9e56135564cd8a52d547b19e76bf5 Fri 2018-02-02 18:34:35 MST—Fri 2018-02-02 23:07:14 M
-14 3514e056440341b1b6e5f03d109681bc Sat 2018-02-03 06:05:12 MST—Sat 2018-02-03 08:07:44 M
-13 0d1a32dc275348589f5ecdc72180c018 Sat 2018-02-03 08:08:05 MST—Sat 2018-02-03 08:08:34 M
-12 74159b593f3a401589ee6bd78e31684b Sat 2018-02-03 08:08:51 MST—Sun 2018-02-04 08:32:09 M
-11 4b394a9aad584ab2bfabe3b77eeed78f Sun 2018-02-04 08:32:26 MST—Mon 2018-02-05 16:54:02 M
-10 8e461ed2593c4fd896ca3b71eb3c0fba Mon 2018-02-05 16:54:34 MST—Tue 2018-02-06 03:54:30 M
 -9 ec7ba0e4dfe241c0b9c978d278fcca6d Tue 2018-02-06 03:54:47 MST—Tue 2018-02-06 16:25:02 M
 -8 b5c110267c214c38b63d0a367197d118 Tue 2018-02-06 16:25:19 MST—Thu 2018-02-08 16:49:03 M
 -7 75c3b117ac6a4de984dc3ced15edb7f8 Thu 2018-02-08 16:49:22 MST—Fri 2018-02-09 03:51:09 M
 -6 7338bd1007bc42dda5c8667eeefe1a59 Fri 2018-02-09 03:51:26 MST—Fri 2018-02-09 16:55:52 M
 -5 4b6cd0121327454ca3db035c7ed42df6 Fri 2018-02-09 16:56:09 MST—Sat 2018-02-10 07:55:14 M
 -4 0d56207f9ec0405ca3a3fd638334de2f Sat 2018-02-10 07:55:32 MST—Mon 2018-02-12 22:16:05 M
 -3 0f230cc546fd4aec8f5233e0074ab3e1 Tue 2018-02-13 03:57:20 MST—Wed 2018-02-14 22:58:56 M
 -2 c0d2c0141dd840cbab75d3c2254f8781 Wed 2018-02-14 22:59:13 MST—Sat 2018-02-17 22:46:14 M
 -1 aafb2573a6374e019a7165cb8eee74a0 Sun 2018-02-18 06:02:03 MST—Mon 2018-02-19 04:16:36 M
  0 8462f1969c6f4d61973e7e245014b846 Mon 2018-02-19 04:16:53 MST—Tue 2018-02-20 18:51:42 M

Display last boot log

$ journalctl -b-1
-- Logs begin at Fri 2018-02-02 18:34:35 MST, end at Thu 2018-03-01 16:43:25 MST. --
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien systemd-journald[290]: Runtime journal (/run/log/journal/) is 8.0M,
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel: Linux version 4.14.23-041423-generic (kernel@kathleen) (gcc
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel: Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.14.23-041423-generi
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel: KERNEL supported cpus:
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel:   Intel GenuineIntel
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel:   AMD AuthenticAMD
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel:   Centaur CentaurHauls
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel: x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x001: 'x87 floating point
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel: x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x002: 'SSE registers'
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel: x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x004: 'AVX registers'
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel: x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x008: 'MPX bounds registe
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel: x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x010: 'MPX CSR'
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel: x86/fpu: xstate_offset[2]:  576, xstate_sizes[2]:  256
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel: x86/fpu: xstate_offset[3]:  832, xstate_sizes[3]:   64
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel: x86/fpu: xstate_offset[4]:  896, xstate_sizes[4]:   64
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel: x86/fpu: Enabled xstate features 0x1f, context size is 960 b
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel: e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
Feb 28 20:03:15 alien kernel: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000057fff] usabl
lines 1-19

Pay close attention to the parameter -b-1 it is different than other references you may see. From man page:

  -b [ID][±offset], --boot=[ID][±offset]

  Show messages from a specific boot. This will add a match for "_BOOT_ID=".

  The argument may be empty, in which case logs for the current boot will be shown.

  If the boot ID is omitted, a positive offset will look up the boots starting from the beginning of the journal, and an equal-or-less-than zero offset will look up boots starting from the end of the journal. Thus, 1 means the first boot found in the journal in chronological order, 2 the second and so on; while -0 is the last boot, -1 the boot before last, and so on. An empty offset is equivalent to specifying -0, except when the current boot is not the last boot (e.g. because --directory was specified to look at logs from a different machine).

Then every once in a while, with cron or timers you may clean old logs:

journalctl --vacuum-time=2d  # keep last two days or

journalctl --vacuum-size=300M  # keep last 300MB


Ok, I figured it out. I created 2 scripts, the first runs the script in screen:

#!/bin/bash
screen -S server $HOME/rubix/start.sh

The next is what the first runs, which you can see above.


How to use gnuplot commands inside a shell script?

You can't nest quotes like that - either use different quotes for the shell and for gnuplot:
gnuplot -e "set terminal png; set output 'out.png'; set boxwidth 0.5; set style fill solid; plot 'ax.txt' using 1:2:xtic(3) with boxes"

or
gnuplot -e 'set terminal png; set output "out.png"; set boxwidth 0.5; set style fill solid; plot "ax.txt" using 1:2:xtic(3) with boxes'

or escape the inner quotes:
gnuplot -e "set terminal png; set output \"out.png\"; set boxwidth 0.5; set style fill solid; plot \"ax.txt\" using 1:2:xtic(3) with boxes"

or take a different approach altogether and use a here document to pass commands via stdin rather than as a -e command string:
$ gnuplot <<EOF
set terminal png
set output "out.png"
set boxwidth 0.5; set style fill solid
plot "ax.txt" using 1:2:xtic(3) with boxes
EOF


Why is snap rstore failing with "expected a non-negative integer argument"?

snap help is backwards and the actual command takes the ID first

It should read:

root@josh-workstation:/# snap help restore
Usage:
  snap restore [restore-OPTIONS] <id> [<snap>]...

The restore command replaces the current user, system and
configuration data of included snaps, with the corresponding data from
the specified snapshot.

Running snap restore 1 lxd worked.

root@josh-workstation:/# snap --version
snap    2.44.3
snapd   2.44.3
series  16
ubuntu  18.04
kernel  5.3.0-51-generic


How to change icons in the side pane of the Nautilus file browser?

You currently cannot change the icons used in the places and bookmarks menus in nautilus.

This is a bug.

See this bug report on launchpad

and this bug report on GNOME bugzilla


ubuntu-core-launcher was automatically installed and is no longer required

The ubuntu-core-launcher package is used for the new snappy package installer still in the making. Now running sudo dpkg -s ubuntu-core-launcher will show in the priority information that it's optional, meaning you can remove it.

Now there is the issue of vulnerability as stated here that affect Ubuntu 16.04 lts and the need to upgrade to version 1.0.27 or higher with the latest version here.

But putting it back is also quite easy:

sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install ubuntu-core-launcher

To remove it is also quite easy:

sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove ubuntu-core-launcher

So running sudo apt autoremove will do it.


For some reason I do not understand fully, this problem has been solved in the last days. Most probably due to an update of 12.04.


How Do I Get Out Of This Mess Caused By Power failure While Upgrading To 11.10?

Ok, I am not sure if I should be answering my question or updating it. Let me know which is the proper thing and I will make the ammendment.

Here is how I fluked it:

When my battery died and I started it again, it showd me a scan disc check screen. After which, it returned the black screen of before.

I pressed all the function keys one after the other then ran my hand all over the keyboard.

I am not sure what particular key triggered a 'DOS looking' log in screen. I inputed my old username and password and it brought me to a 'terminal like' interface.

I did sudo apt-get upgrade

and it returned

dpkg was interrupted you must manually run 'dpkg -- configure - a'

I then ran that and responded accordingly. It began processing stuff for about 30 mins until I got to the login screen of 11.10

That was how I fixed it.


Daily Update Installation for Ubuntu Touch

Just flash the same files you needed first:

quantall-preinstalled-armel+mako.zip
quantal-preinstalled-phablet-armhf.zip

I did this a few hours ago (with maguro) and its working perfect, running it right now. Just read the names and download the correct ones.


Change your font in the terminal for a Monospace one, to change your font read this for a GUI solution.

Other solution here : why-are-letters-overlapping-in-the-terminal


What you want to do first is open a terminal, and type lsb_release -a   Your output should look something like this.

username@computername ~ $ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: LinuxMint
Description:    Linux Mint 14 Nadia
Release:        14
Codename:       nadia

Reinstalling is the easy fix. Just make sure that: A. You can reinstal programs that you have up currently. You can backup your installed files list using this command:

apt-cache --installed pkgnames > installed.packages.lst

Make sure to aim "installed.packages.lst" to a thumb drive or floopy.
B. Install your Linux in the same place. This should be easy. There should be only one ext filesystem on your computer. (You can double check this with Gparted)
C. Do not format. If you don't format you probably will not have to worry with step A Do step A any way.
D. Find a tech guy at your job: it may be possible to reset the permissions w/o reinstall, but they would need to know what all the permissions should be.
E. Be sure you know where the boot loader goes. It'll probably be on the main drive sda, but don't guess. Go into your bios and see which is the boot drive and then look in gparted to figure out the linux name for that drive.

Good luck.

P.S. I used these sites in my research:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Checking...

http://overtag.dk/wordpress/2012/04/ubuntu-tip-save...


start not found for job in /etc/init ubuntu

Add a file in /etc/systemd/system/{your_service_name}.service

Add the script below in the file.

[Unit]
Description=SeaweedFS Volume
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
Group=root
LimitNOFILE=1000000
Environment=HOME=/home/root
Environment=LANGUAGE=en_US:en
Environment=LS_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

ExecStart=/opt/go/bin/weed -v=0 volume -mserver=18.01.13.10:9333 -ip=88.9.4.92 -dir=/storage -max=2270 -images.fix.orientation=false -pulseSeconds=1
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
Environment=LANG=en_US.UTF-8
SyslogIdentifier=seaweedfs

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemctl enable {your_service_name}.service
systemctl {start,status} {your_service_name}.service

Replace start or status as you like to check for.
This is how We resolved this into a systemd job.


Since you have /home and / as different partitions, you still have /tmp that is part of / and that could be filling up.  Check /tmp, or delete everything in /tmp


System configuration settings button disappeared in Ubuntu 19.04

The problem was gnome-settings-daemon wasn't installed. When I ran:

$ gnome-control-center

I got:

Command 'gnome-control-center' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install gnome-control-center

So I installed that using:

sudo apt install gnome-control-center

The configuration button now appears in the application and can be configured.
It also appeared on the side of the power off button that was not then after restarting.


Have you tried putting sudo in front of your commands? Like this:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

This is necessary for every apt command, except for apt-cache.

The sudo command will temporarily set your rights to that of root user, which is necessary for certain programs.


you have alternative to apt-get of Ubuntu and that is apt-fast.you can install it in your PC and you can use it as you use apt-get.

To install apt-fast :

open your terminal with CTRL+ALT+T and type

sudo apt-get install axel

Then do this in the terminal itself

wget http://www.mattparnell.com/linux/apt-fast/apt-fast.sh
sudo -i
cd /usr/bin
sudo mv apt-fast.sh apt-fast
chmod +x apt-fast

That's it you are done , now you can use it.

for example to update :

sudo apt-fast update

How does apt-fast work?

  apt-fast is a shellscript wrapper for apt-get and aptitude that can
  drastically improve apt download times by downloading packages in
  parallel, with multiple connections per package.

Quote from github.


Nvidia drivers won't work in 16.04, /dev/fb0: Permission denied

Following the instructions here is working for me:

Graphics issues after/while installing Ubuntu 16.04/16.10 with NVIDIA graphics

I needed to install nvidia-364 from ubuntu-graphics ppa, I had also reinstalled Xorg before, so that also might be needed to do after an upgrade.


I think this is an issue due to some extension that you might possibly have installed. If this is not the case, then you might consider reporting it to the ubuntu forum so, that it can be fixed in the pointer release of ubuntu 20.04.

Until then you can use this extension to get rid of the top bar and get a taskbar instead.

UPDATE:

Try changing the shell theme. You might need this extension.


I am getting mount error while booting UBUNTU 14.04

I guess that /mnt/C49082289022152 is the partition where your Windows 10 is installed.

When Ubuntu boots, it tries to automatically mount this partition but it does not work because Windows fast startup is enabled.

Disable it :

Boot into Windows, open Control Panel, type "change what power buttons do" and select "Change what the power buttons do".

Select "Change settings that are currently unavailable", scroll down and uncheck "Turn on fast start-up (recommended)".

Restart your computer ...

See here for more informations about Windows Fast Boot.

If this does not work, disable all Windows partitions to auto-mount at Ubuntu Startup to bypass this error:

Open Disks
Select your Windows partition
Click Options > Edit Mount Options
Uncheck Mount at startup


What are the precautions/steps that I must take to install Ubuntu on a FreeDOS laptop?

The only thing which you may have problems with is the Graphics Card, it will most likely work, however you may need to play with the drivers and select a different one from the System Settings> Updates and files>Other Drivers

or from the Terminal:

software-properties-gtk --open-tab=4

I suggest if there are options here to change the driver, that you choose the latest version first and work downwards until you find one that works well with your setup.


Priority goes back to 20 after changing it to -10

What you're missing here is a "program restart".

If you look closely you will see that the PID of the program (let's call it child) has been changed in the mean time.  This means that child has ended and another program (lets call that one parent) has started it again. As parent is still running in nice 20 its new child will be running in 20 as well!

Depending on how your program got started, you have a few options:

You start the program yourself:

Don't use renice after the fact, but start your program by nice --adjustment=-10 program
The program was started by another program:

Do a renice --priority -10 parent to make the parent and all its new children use that priority from that point in time.


Problem with installing Ubuntu on Nexus7 in a VM

Try running fastboot devices from the command-line, if it doesn't show any devices, then it won't work.  I seriously doubt you can install it from a VM.  You could try using an Ubuntu live-cd on you system though.


yes, it is possible to  dual boot system with windows 7 and ubuntu. There are many posts and guides that can help you with it. Refer any of them.
Your partitioning scheme looks ok, but i would recommend you dedicate atleast 6gb of space for your ubuntu installation and first do a clean install of windows 7 and then go for ubuntu installation. It would be easier that way.
As far as accessing your files from either os, Ubuntu has inbuild support for NTFS but for windows you will need some third party softwares/drivers to access your ext4 partitions(which ubuntu uses as default filesystem).


Emacs crashes on pasting the Unicode symbol "⛔"

Running the command
sudo apt-get remove fonts-noto-color-emoji

fixed the crash for me.


@Mook765: Wow! Thank you! I was trying lots of plugins and was sure no plugin would show their GUI. Now I tryed a Calf analyser and "Voilà" It showed!
I still see as weird the fact that "a-inline spectrogram" and "a-inline Scope" that are visualization plugins don't show a GUI instead of the generic, but I got happy to see Calf Analyser is showing beautifuly!

I may be saying bulshit, but I start to think the plugins that Ardour separates by category are the ones that don't show the GUI, cause now I see that all Calf plugins are separated as "unknown". Sorry about my "laymaness" and I hope new users can be helped by this post. Really thank you guys for the answers!!


How can I install XFCE along side Unity?

There are no conflicts between XFCE and Unity, and Nautilus works perfectly fine on Xubuntu 12.04 and 12.10.

If you wish to install XFCE in Ubuntu, install either xubuntu-desktop (for XFCE + Xubuntu branding + all Xubuntu default apps), or just xfce by itself if you don't want to end up with two sets of default apps.

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

or

sudo apt-get install xfce4

Additionally - and I stress that this is based only on my own personal experience on one laptop - I've found that Xubuntu boots and runs much more quickly than Ubuntu whether Unity is installed or not. Based on this experience, I always prefer to install Unity on Xubuntu instead of XFCE on Ubuntu if I want an OS with both desktop environments. You may wish to try the same next time you reinstall your OS and see if you notice any performance improvements.


Unknown 3-dots button removal from the top bar of GNOME Shell

You're probably using Arc (or one of its derivatives) as your GNOME Shell theme.

Arc theme changes the 'Activities' button at the top-left corner to this three-dots button. In a Ubuntu installation without any modifications you would see the word 'Activities' instead.

You may use the Activities Configurator GNOME Shell extension to remove or modify this button.

(click to enlarge)

Refer to this to learn more about installing and configuring GNOME extensions: How do I install and manage GNOME Shell extensions?


How do I tell snapcraft to run my code as python2 not python3 when using the new python plugin?

From snapcraft help python:

  The python plugin can be used for python 2 or 3 based parts.

  It can be used for python projects where you would want to do:

  import python modules with a requirements.txt
  build a python project that has a setup.py
  install packages straight from pip

  This plugin uses the common plugin keywords as well as those for >"sources".
  For more information check the 'plugins' topic for the former and the
  'sources' topic for the latter.

  Additionally, this plugin uses the following plugin-specific keywords:

  requirements:
   (string)
   Path to a requirements.txt file
  constraints:
   (string)
   Path to a constraints file
  process-dependency-links:
   (bool; default: false)
   Enable the processing of dependency links.
  python-packages:
   (list)
   A list of dependencies to get from PyPi
  python-version:
   (string; default: python3)
   The python version to use. Valid options are: python2 and python3

That last option (python-version) is the one in which you're probably interested.


I just installed Mythbuntu, what is the MySQL root password?

Early versions allowed blank root password. Newer versions set root password to the main user login password during the install.


Files in home folder get copied to desktop

As iBelieve says, you want the opposite of the solution to this question. (And it's strange that your desktop shows the contents of another folder without you having deliberately configured it to do so, but I've heard of that before.)

Specifically, what you should do is to open the file ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs. (~ stands for your home directory. One way to open the file is to open a Terminal window with Ctrl+Alt+T and run gedit ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs. Or you can run that command in the dash textbox or Run... dialog box raised by pressing Alt+F2.)

With the file open in the text editor, find the line that says:

XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME"

Make it say

XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"

instead. Save the file, and quit the text editor. To apply this configuration change, log out and back in (or, if you prefer, reboot).

Finally, please note that the desktop version of Ubuntu 10.04 LTS is no longer supported. It doesn't even get security updates for newly discovered vulnerabilities, so it is dangerous to use! You should upgrade to a supported version of some operating system--perhaps to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS.

Ordinarily we would close a question about an unsupported release (and it's possible that will happen here). However, this is one relatively rare case where your quetion is similar enough to an existing question that we can know the solution applies generally, while still different enough probably not to be a duplicate.

If you choose to upgrade and need any help, please feel free to post a (separate) question about that.


Problem with google-chrome and chromium-browser

I've fixed the problem with google-chrome installing an older version.
The current chrome version when this problem happened was 53.x, the older version I've installed was 42.x.


systemd resolvectl drop in files for dns

In the terminal, use nm-connection-editor, and create various VPN/regular connection profiles, with these settings...


"fsck exited with status code 4" after choosing to boot Ubuntu

I figured it out, I just had to run

e2fsck -C0 -p on /dev/sdb2

(since I was running it from a micro-sd card)


How to launch google-chrome/chromium application shortcut in fullscreen/kiosk mode

How to use Chrome browser in kiosk-mode

Use it like this:

google-chrome --kiosk http://example.com
chromium-browser --kiosk http://example.com

tested with Ubuntu 12.04, google-chrome-stable 30.0.1599.66-1 and chromium-browser 28.0.1500.71-0ubuntu1.12.04. But only if there is no other instance of the browser running.

So close all browser windows and then use it with the option and it should definitely  work as expected.

Other things I've learned

Checking --help or man google-chrome didn't help because:

Chromium has hundreds of undocumented command-line flags that are added
and removed at the whim of the developers.   Here,  we  document  rela‐
tively stable flags.

So --kiosk is an option that is deliberately un-document, because it might disappear at a whim... which it didn't since over 2 years. But, well you have been warned.


subshell ls -lh "$(find /music -type d)" doesn't return list, instead results of find command

It works, without the quotes

ls -lh $(find /music -type d)

With the quotes ls -l sees the find as a single file rather then a list of items. Look closer at the output , do you not see

ls: cannot access ...
list of find results
last item : No such file or directory


Netplan - multiple interfaces access to ssh and apache issue. Ubuntu 18.04

Spacing, indentation, and no tabs, are important.

Note: verify that netmask /26 is correct for your environment

Note: no gateway4 when routes specified

Note: there may be a limit of 3 DNS nameservers

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    ens160:
      addresses: [XXX.XXX.XXX.3/26]
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.4.4, XXX.XXX.XXX.1, XXX.XXX.XXX.2]
      routes:
        - to: XXX.XXX.XXX.192/26
          via: XXX.XXX.XXX.62
    ens192:
      addresses: [XXX.XXX.XXX.67/26]
      gateway4: XXX.XXX.XXX.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.4.4, XXX.XXX.XXX.1, XXX.XXX.XXX.2]
    ens224:
      addresses: [XXX.XXX.XXX.131/26]
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.4.4, XXX.XXX.XXX.1, XXX.XXX.XXX.2]
      routes:
        - to: 0.0.0.0/0
          via: XXX.XXX.XXX.190
    vlans:
      vlan411:
        id: 411
        link: ens160
        addresses: [XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/26]
      vlan431:
        id: 431
        link: ens192
        addresses: [XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/26]
      vlan740:
        id: 740
        link: ens224
        addresses: [XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/26]

sudo netplan --debug generate # generate config files

sudo netplan apply # apply new configuration

reboot # reboot and verify operation


how to uninstall eclipse (installed using .tar.gz)

apt-get remove eclipse will not work in this case because you have not installed it through the apt package manager
This is not the best solution but one thing you can do, Simply delete the installation directory
I am assuming you have installed Eclipse in your home directory. (By default it does so, as you can see in the image)

If not, simply go to that directory then run the following commands to delete the eclipse and eclipse-workspace folder
sudo rm -rf ~/eclipse

sudo rm -rf ~/eclipse-workspace

If you created the Desktop shortcut, then delete it separately


I just moved from Denmark to the UK. How can I change my Music Store in Ubuntu to, so that I can get a wider choice in music to buy?

The store is based on IP address of your client. If you are visiting from a UK IP address, you would see the UK store.

The only thing that may prevent that, is possibly if there is a session cookie or such, cached in your browser. You can log out of the Ubuntu One web site, clear the cookies and cache for the site, and then go back to https://one.ubuntu.com/music-store and log in, and it should be the UK store.