What can I use like a replacement of the notification area?

That "problem" is a bug, and has nothing to do with the notification area. Sometimes the indicators do not take clicks, why, I'm not 100% sure. Fortunately, there are two ways around it:

You can click on an indicator that works, and then move the mouse toward the other indicator that you want, and it will open it.
You can restart unity: alt+f2 - unity - enter.


Tried a bunch of different things before installing java, jre and the jdk.
How To Install Java on Ubuntu 12.04 with Apt-Get | DigitalOcean
also changed /usr/share/tomcat7/bin/setclasspath.sh to add these lines:
export CATALINA_BASE=/var/lib/tomcat7
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/share/tomcat7

Then I restarted my computer.


About language for typing passwords, I do have keyboard switcher setup for sddm, that is configurable in the login settings.

switching user, although it is skin similary, is done by a different program kscreenlocker I would report the bug to their developers via https://bugs.kde.org website.

hope this helps


How to show spreedX client ApplicationIndicator?

Thanks to Jorge and the fact that I needed to reboot my machine for some other reason, I noticed that just running

gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Panel systray-whitelist "['JavaEmbeddedFrame', 'spreedX', 'scp-dbus-service', 'Wine', 'Update-notifier']"

isn't enough to make it work. You also have to log out and back in again. Stupid beginner mistake - I know, but one easily made.

It would be 'nice' if gsettings would prompt the user with something like "You need to log off and back in again in order to take these changes into effect." when setting stuff like this. On the other hand, IMHO the user shouldn't be required to practice such voodoo for such a simple task in the first place...


Error while installing openstack on ubuntu 15.10 using devstack

Visit this link
http://docs.openstack.org/developer/devstack/
Create stack user to run devstack using

devstack/tools/create-stack-user.sh; su stack

And then start installing

cd devstack; ./stack.sh


how do i keep ubuntu & windows dual boot when updating to win 10?

If your Ubuntu and Windows paritions are on the same drive, when you upgrade to Windows 10, I think Windows 10 overwrites GRUB.

I think you will have to use Ubuntu's live cd and install GRUB again.
If even after doing so you cannot see GRUB, check your BIOS settings and increase the priority of Ubuntu (GRUB) so that it is executed before Windows' bootloader


Which is the process using apt-get lock?

Try using sudo lsof /var/lib/dpkg/lock to see which process has locked the updater.

You can also use ps -ax | grep dpkg or ps -ax | grep apt however there is also the software centre and auto-updater which could be blocking the process at which point you can kill the offending processes using kill <process id number>.

Have a look here for some more things you can try if these don't work Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/) is another process using it?


Bash uses the command /usr/lib/command-not-found for looking similar commands. This in turn uses Python's CommandNotFound module.

The output you see on the terminal(stderr in this case), is also generated from this module. The location of this module is /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/CommandNotFound/CommandNotFound.py, on Ubuntu 14.04 and up. There is a default limit set on number of similar commands in the function CommandNotFound.print_spelling_suggestion(self, word, min_len=3, max_len=15) on line 138. You can modify the max_len value to say 30 (Use sudo nano or gksudo gedit to edit this file).


You need to uninstall gnome-accessibility-themes, and install gnome-themes-standard.
That fixed it for me.


This comment provided the correct solution:

  So - what happens, exactly? My guess is that your filepath is invalid
  (it needs to be "/home/ali/opencv/lena.png" - note the leading /)

– steeldriver Jul 30 at 17:17

I changed the path and it worked.


KDE configuration settings

The KDE and KDE application settings are saved to the ~/.kde/share/config/. Krusader settings are saved to the ~/.kde/share/config/krusaderrc.

The Krusader also has Import/Export color-scheme.


How to bypass Windows Vista from power up on dual boot system

If all you want is to bypass Vista at power up and go directly to Ubuntu without seeing that menu to select OS, you can easily do it by editing /etc/default/grub file.

Set the GRUB_TIMEOUT to 0 to skip the menu at startup. Optionally you may also want to set GRUB_DEFAULT to your desired entry in the GRUB menu if its not already set.


ubuntu 13.04 wont start [sdb] asking for cache data failed

This seems it is your SD card causing trouble! Just remove it every time you boot.

The message 'Asking for cache data failed' is because SD card, pendrives, etc. does not have a small amount of RAM cache (cache data) common to hard disks (HD). When kernel tries to enable such RAM for your SD card (thinking your SD card is a HD), this error appears. This is part of the process of the kernel probing hardware; totally normal.


Does folder and directories has their own size?

Selecting all the files in a folder only shows you the size of files in that folder - it does not include the size of sub-folders (since a sub-folder could potentially be hundreds of levels deep and just looking up all the file sizes to give you the total size could take a long time).

If you right-click on a folder and select "Properties" it will tell you the total size, including sub-folders (you will see this number going up for a few seconds as it finds all the files).

In a terminal, the command du returns the same information - eg, du -sch Downloads/.


From my assumptions and understanding of the question, you could probably do it in several ways.

One way would be, if you know exactly which directory to look for the hash match then you could just pass the hash and then check the files in that directory. So basically what you are doing is this:

myHash="$1"
[[ $(sha256sum fileName | awk {'print $1'}) == "$myHash" ]] && echo "File found"

Simplifying this with a for loop:

checkHash(){
myHash="$1" ## The hash of the file that you want to find
if (( $# == 1 )); then ## Must pass at least one argument
  ## Checking each file in the pwd
  for X in *; do
    if [[ -f $X ]]; then
        local hash=$( sha256sum $X | awk '{print $1}' )
        [[ "$myHash" == "$hash" ]] && {
          echo "Hash matches for $X";
        }
    fi
  done
fi
}
checkHash "$@"

However, this would not scan the hash of any files started with dot.

Another way would be to do with xargs and find command.

As @MelcomX pointed out with find command you can do it in a one liner, however it might take long time. Good thing about this solution is that you can pass part of the hash and it would still work since it is greping.

find / -exec sha512sum {} + | grep YOURHASHHERE

If this is not what you were looking for then please elaborate your question as @Eliah Kagan suggested in the comment so that we can understand what you were looking for, or consider accepting the answer.


What it means by "Devices" is actually USB drives and other temporary drives/partitions. It does not mean regular hardware devices like graphics card etc.

To see if it works, try turning it on and then connect a USB thumb drive or external HDD/CD drive. If a new icon pops up, it works.


Uninstall Oracle JRE installed from tarball

sudo update-alternatives --remove "java" "/usr/local/java/jre1.8.0_121/bin/java"
sudo update-alternatives --remove "javac" "/usr/local/java/jre1.8.0_121/bin/javac"
sudo update-alternatives --remove "javaws" "/usr/local/java/jre1.8.0_121/bin/javaws"
sudo rm -r /usr/local/java/jre1.8.0_121
sudo updatedb
sudo locate -b '\pack200'
sudo rm /home/pietro/Documents/java/jre1.8.0_102/bin/pack200
sudo rm /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/pack200

This is how I managed to get rid of it.


I do this to hide stuff on the Desktop
in the Terminal type

cd ~/Desktop
ls > .hidden

then press

CTRL+R

to refresh the desktop and no files.

or the other option is to install

Advanced Settings

Select Desktop from the sidebar

Turn OFF let file manager handle the desktop


My understanding is that when an update is released, it is reviewed by the whole sayd community and then published. So i think it would be very hard to slip some bad code in when so many people who know their code, watch the code very deeply before it gets published.

Why it is a double-edged sword tough is that it's being developed by a big community who don't all work under one company with a single view on things. The devs here all have their own visions and everyone tries to push THEIRS through. So this basically makes the overall progress very slow.


No JS module 'tweener' found in search path, Gnome shell extension error on Ubuntu 20.10

The tweener module has been moved to a new path, from imports.ui.tweener to imports.tweener.tweener. In the exention's repository, somebody already created a merge request to merge the necessary changes into the code, but the extension's developer hasn't merged it yet.
You can either wait until the developer does the change and puts out a new version of the extension, or - if you feel comfortable with it - change the import path in your local copy of the extension yourself. You can look up in the merge request what to change.


How to automatically delete a file at a specific time after closing it?

You need to write a script to perform this.

Using the commands

access (read the file's contents) - atime
change the status (modify the file or its attributes) - ctime
modify (change the file's contents) - mtime
cron
find

Sample Script to remove the '.bak' file

 #!/bin/bash
  find <location> -mtime <value> -type f -name "*.bak" -exec rm -f {} \;

Change the permission of the script (execute)

add the script to cron and make it run when needed.


How can I verify the speed of my NIC in ubuntu?

Suppose your NIC name eth0 :

You can verify the speed and some informations by three Commands :

First Command :

dmesg |grep eth0

Output :

Second Command :

mii-tool -v  eth0

Output :

FD : full duplex ,  Logic that enables concurrent sending and receiving. This is usually desirable and enabled when your computer is connected to a switch.

HD : half duplex , his logic requires a card to only send or receive at a single point of time. When your machine is connected to a Hub, it auto-negotiates itself and uses half duplex to avoid collisions.

Third command :

ethtool eth0

ethtool - Display or change ethernet card settings

Install ethtool :

sudo apt-get install ethtool

Output :

Settings for eth0:
    Supported ports: [ TP ]
    Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                            100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                            1000baseT/Full
    Supported pause frame use: No
    Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
    Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                            100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                            1000baseT/Full
    Advertised pause frame use: No
    Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
    Speed: 1000Mb/s
    Duplex: Full
    Port: Twisted Pair
    PHYAD: 0
    Transceiver: internal
    Auto-negotiation: on
    MDI-X: Unknown
    Supports Wake-on: d
    Wake-on: d
    Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
                   drv probe link
    Link detected: yes

Hope it helps .


I will just mention the glue here, Software translation (L10n, I18n or G11n) is too board topic. The directories files queried by the script are mainly from desktop environment packages (LXDE has its own, same as KDE, Gnome). Unity is a particular case, it is not using any.
LXDE is build on GTK. So it's using gettext format .po for translations. But this format is not used for .desktop files neither Launchpad support their translation on its web interface. So you have to change the source directly or tell some to do so by submitting a patch.
LXDE is not a Ubuntu project, it is a independent project. So on Launchpad is not the upstream project site. Each project have is own procedures/rules.

http://lxde.org/ → Join Us → Translate LXDE and the projects documentation

How To get the related Upstream Project?

I'm using Kubuntu 15.04 and all its directory files are translated, only some belongs to WineHq.

Change my previous script to show file path

#!/bin/bash

for f in $(ls $1)
do
        name_en=`sed -n -e '0,/Name/{s/^\s*Name\s*=\s*//p}' $f`
        name_zh=`sed -n -e '0,/Name\[zh_CN\]/{s/^\s*Name\[zh_CN\]\s*=\s*//p}' $f`

        case `echo ${#name_en}/8 | bc` in
        3|2)    echo -e $name_en'\t'$name_zh'\t'$f
                ;;
        1)      echo -e $name_en'\t\t'$name_zh'\t'$f
                ;;
        0)      echo -e $name_en'\t\t\t'$name_zh'\t'$f
                ;;
        esac
done

Run

./extract_zh_translation.sh "/usr/share/desktop-directories/*.directory"

Check related package that desktop comes from

dpkg -S /usr/share/desktop-directories/wine-Programs-Accessories.directory

Output:

wine1.6: /usr/share/desktop-directories/wine-Programs-Accessories.directory

Search for it (wine1.6) on http://packages.ubuntu.com
On the side panel, see all package info, most important Launchpad page and Upstream project site (External resources: homepage)

I almost forgot to answer, Why?

Human Resources!!! These belong to Free Communities, even if some these communities have a company or more in the core that will keep this community maintained and helps resolve some development problems which are hard to resolve by free community or only few  developer have interest for.

The translation is better/easier when it is made by a native speaker who have a minimum technical knowledge to test the software he is translating.

Causes are too broad here, So go ahead and make some translation, let's say for one year may or more. Then if you remember this, come & write an answer.

  Talk is cheap. Show me the code.

Linus, http://lkml.org/lkml/2000/8/25/132

My advise, try plan maintaining the translation for few softwares/tools you like them much for some years. It better then translating plenty of them for few months then you get over whelmed then you stop.

Maintaining, I mean the translation need review before each release, update old entries & add the new ones.

BTW, check this https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Translations to learn about Ubuntu translation process.


How to reduce the Update Manager's bandwidth usage and download volume?

To limit bandwidth used by apt you can edit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades, uncomment the Acquire::http::Dl-Limitline and set the speed you want. For example:

Open the terminal: Ctrl+Alt+T
Open the file: sudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades
Change the last line to the following: Acquire::http::Dl-Limit "50";

Where the number between quotes is the speed in kb/sec.


Just had a similar issue on 16.04 with Vivaldi.

Sites to check Video playback:

Quirksmode
Youtube HTML5 Test Page

Install the libffmpeg library:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra
Revisit step 1 and test.

For Vivaldi snapshot, but maybe similar to other browsers:

cd /usr/lib/chromium-browser/libs
sudo install libffmpeg.so /opt/vivaldi-snapshot/libffmpeg.so
Revisit step 1 and test.
Background Information


Solved, but maybe it can be done in more automatic way?

1.

apt-cache search gdal-abi
libgdal20 - Geospatial Data Abstraction Library

2.

apt-cache show libgdal20 | grep Version
Version: 2.2.2+dfsg-1~trusty1
Version: 2.1.0+dfsg-1~trusty2

3.

sudo apt-get install libgdal20=2.1.0+dfsg-1~trusty2
sudo apt-get install gdal-bin=2.1.0+dfsg-1~trusty2


How (in)vulnerable would Ubuntu be to encryption ransomware?

In order for such a software to run "successfully" on an Ubuntu machine, would the user first have to run it and give the sudo password?

No, I would assume the data is your personal data and "sudo" is needed for system files.

  If the users files were already encrypted, would that protect against this?

No. Data is data. Encryption plays no part: the ransomware will lock the data itself

  Could a ransomware program, if unwittingly installed by a user (who also confirmed with the sudo password), take even your pre-encrypted data hostage?

Yes. They would not be able to VIEW the data but that was not their intention.  Nor is encryption in any way important: they lock your "container".

  In general, how (in)vulnerable is Ubuntu to encryption ransomware, and how careless/unsavvy do the actions of a user have to be in order to actually have his or hers data taken hostage?

Someone first has to create a situation where you and many others are willing to download and install their software. That is a hurdle even virus software writers have not been able to take.

The whole idea of ransomware is to target as many users as possible in the shortest time frame possible.

As soon as 1 Linux user gets targeted and they actually get his/her data tainted all hell would break loose and within minutes all of us will get informed in some sort of way. Look at what happened when the OpenSSL bug appeared. In a matter of minutes all the IT websites had a story to tell. Same with the kernel bug that appeared 2 days ago. Everyone jumped on it. If it happens I do not see this happening to more than a few users. By then all of us got informed or if possible there will be a fix for the method they used (like a hole in the kernel or in a browser that they exploited).

Most of us use Ubuntu Software Center. How likely is it that this malware ends up in Ubuntu Software Center? Next we use PPAs. The information for those PPAs we get from sites like omg.ubuntu.co.uk or webupd8 or from trusted Ubuntu channels.

That is also the difference between Linux/Ubuntu and Windows: Windows users are told to download and install software from any website they can find it. We mostly do not do that. So the amount of crap you can download for Windows is several times higher than for any other operating system. Makes Windows an easier target.


12.04 LTS won't boot after nvidia driver upgrade

Reinstalling your drivers to the current version will solve this:

You will have to boot normally, and when the black screen appears, press ctrl+alt+F1. Login, then use the following commands.

First remove all the old drivers:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*

Then reinstall the current drivers:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

Reboot, and your're good to go!

sudo reboot


Google Cloud Print server gcp-cups-connector wants password for user gcp

Think I found the answer: One can't su to a nologin user as a normal user, but invoking it as superuser it works, no password asked.

Anyways, this whole thing came about because this command was to run as an upstart job (which is executed as root) and failed consistently during boot. So I tried to debug it from the CLI.

It could be interesting to note that on my system (Ubuntu 14.04), the /etc/init/gcp.conf script didn't work in it's wiki version, I had to add a pause of 40 sec to reliably launch it at boot time:

start on (local-filesystems and net-device-up)
stop on runlevel [!2345]

respawn
pre-start script
        sleep 40
end script

exec su -l -s /bin/sh -c "/home/<user>/GCP/gcp-cups-connector \
-config-filename /home/<user>/GCP/gcp-cups-connector.config.json" gcp


port been allowed and opened in ubuntu server but while checked in check port its seems closed

Open network port means there is an application/process accepting connections on that port. The output of ufw you've provided only means that firewall won't intervene when something tries to connect to that port,it doesn't mean the port is automatically open. Opening the port is responsibility of an application.

Consider these two examples:

$ nmap -p 5566 localhost
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-03-10 15:06 CST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.00021s latency).

PORT     STATE  SERVICE
5566/tcp closed unknown

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.22 seconds

Now if I start an application on it nc -l 5588

$ nmap -p 8866 localhost
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-03-10 15:07 CST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.00021s latency).

PORT     STATE SERVICE
5566/tcp open  unknown

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.18 seconds

See also Wikipedia article on the topic.


DELL XPS13 9370 Audio problem with Ubuntu 16.04

Same here have tried literally everything in the forums. The only thing that works and its temporary is to disable the sound in the bios reboot into ubuntu.  Reboot re-enable and reboot into ubuntu.

Works until the machine falls asleep....


Kubuntu 14.04 + kdm sound works only when logged in as root

You could try insuring that your user is a member of the audio group.

sudo useradd -G {group-name} username.

source: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-add-user-to-group/


Unable to install GRUB in /dev/sda on two-drive laptop with Win7

If your 1 TB drive is partitioned using GPT instead of an msdos partition table, then you need to create a 1 MiB bios_grub partition to install grub on that drive.  If you look in /var/log/syslog, you should see a more detailed error message explaining what went wrong.


bash: /home/floyd/.profile: No such file or directory

Seems to be a mistake in the tuto : it makes you change things in ~/.bashrcand then ask you to source ~/.profile (that doesn't exist)

try

. ~/.bashrc

instead of

. ~/.profile


Find files where the filename is only different by case

ls -R | uniq -Di

should do it for you, supposing your locale sorts upper and lower case letters together.  If your local is C, all bets are off.

export LC_ALL=C


In 16.04, why do updates show up in 3 separate locations?

I noticed that, too.  I actually used terminal.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

I stopped getting messages after that.


disable ephemeral mount on /mnt for ubuntu on azure

I found myself a solution for not mounting of the drive, may be useful for somebody.

/etc/fstab is being rewritten on each start. There are options in /etc/waagent.conf that will affect, how it is done. They start with ResourceDisk., list is available i.e. here https://github.com/Azure/WALinuxAgent below in README.

There is however no option to turn off the mount (AFAIK). But, it can still be done. I simply turned off formatting of the ResourceDisk by setting ResourceDisk.Format=n and I had to deconstruct the already formatted partition of the temporary drive.

I personally like visual tools more, so I used cfdisk /dev/sdb as root and deleted the partition. BE CAREFUL THERE, THE DEVICE MAY NOT BE /dev/sdb IN THE FUTURE.


Natural Scrolling doesn't work in 12.04 in some windows. Where should I report the bug?

I'm horribly late to this, but I just finished writing a guide which could help you or anyone passing by. If you still have this problem, that is.

The gist of it is that you need to get your touchpad's ID with the xinput list command, then the current scrolling distance with xinput list-props [touchpad-id] | grep "Scrolling distance". The output should be something like:

Synaptics Scrolling Distance (288):    106, 106

Here, 288 is the property ID and 106, 106 are the current values. What you need to do is invert the numbers - here, the new values will be -106, -106. This command does it:

xinput set-prop [touchpad-id] [property-id] [new-values]

I have this in a shell script set to run on login, along with commands to restart nautilus, which may or may not work for you (it's in the linked blog post).


I uninstalled VMWare and Gnome Boxes, installed gtkorphan and got rid of orphan libraries, then re-installed Gnome Boxes.  Everything worked fine after that, and the apps running in the box were quite fast.  Problem solved.


If you have added any PPAs to your software sources.list that are causing so many version conflicts remove them and restore Ubuntu's default software repositories with How do I restore the default repositories?. Then update the software sources with sudo apt update.
Remove the cached libsystemd0 .deb file that is generating the error message and reinstall libsystemd0 and libudev1.
sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/libsystemd0_245.4-4ubuntu3.2_amd64.deb # If this command results in a warning ignore the warning.
sudo apt update # try to update again
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt remove libsystemd0:i386 libudev1:i386 libsystemd0 libudev1
sudo apt --fix-broken install
sudo apt install libsystemd0 libudev1


How to type chinese, japanese and korean in Ubuntu 16.04?

Try going back to your text-entry. Click the wrench/driver 'x' button. Pay attention to the toggle key.

Now click on your desired language icon at your icon bar. Then use the toggle button shortcut.


Can UEFI be activated after an installation (14.04)

Yes you can, even with MBR partitioning. In principle, you "just" need to install an EFI boot loader for Linux. I put "just" in quotation marks because there are a lot of pesky details in this process that can turn it into a nightmare, particularly if you're unaware of the details or if something goes wrong when dealing with one of them:

In theory, an EFI should be able to boot from an MBR disk as well as from a GPT disk. In practice, that doesn't always work; some EFIs seem to be unwilling to boot from an MBR disk. The partition table type can interact with the NVRAM entry (described later), since some EFIs don't like creating NVRAM entries that refer to MBR disks. Thus, you might need to do an MBR-to-GPT conversion. In most cases, this is easily done with gdisk (see its documentation on the subject. Sometimes, though, as detailed in that documentation, you might need to slightly shrink the final partition on the disk.
To boot in EFI mode, your disk needs an EFI System Partition (ESP). Thus, unless you happen to have sufficient unpartitioned space (~100-600MiB), you'll have to resize at least one partition to make room for the ESP, then create it. Note that you can't mark an ESP on an MBR disk with parted, GParted, or anything else based on libparted; you'll need to use fdisk to give it the right type code (0xEF).
You must install your EFI boot loader. This means copying files. Tools like grub-install (for GRUB) or rEFInd's install.sh help automate this process. Some other boot loaders (such as ELILO and gummiboot) are just one or two files, so copying them by hand is quite easy, although setting up their configuration files may take more manual effort.
Ordinarily, EFI boot loaders must be registered with the EFI and their locations stored in NVRAM. This can be done with the efibootmgr utility in Ubuntu, but this utility works only when the computer is already booted in EFI mode. As a workaround (which might especially be needed on an MBR disk), you can give the boot loader the filename EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi on the ESP. (The ESP is normally mounted at /boot/efi, so the full path would be /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi under Ubuntu, if the ESP is mounted at the conventional location.)
IIRC, the Ubuntu installer won't install to an MBR disk in EFI mode. This won't affect an after-the-fact conversion, but it may cause you problems in the future, if/when you want to upgrade your Ubuntu version or re-install the OS.

If you know what you're doing, setting all this up is easy. If you don't, you won't know where to begin. With any luck, this answer will at least help you begin. For more information, I recommend you read:

Adam Williamson's blog post about EFI-mode booting, which provides background information to help you understand what you're doing.
My own Managing EFI Boot Loaders for Linux page, which covers the "nuts and bolts" of several EFI boot loaders for Linux and how to install them.

One further point: You can probably boot your computer into EFI mode right now with no changes to your on-disk configuration. The trick is to use a USB flash drive or CD-R with my rEFInd boot manager on it. If you boot rEFInd, it will scan your system for EFI boot loaders. The key is that the Linux kernel itself is an EFI boot loader (or has been since version 3.3.0, assuming the option has been compiled into the binary, which is the case for Ubuntu's kernels). Thus, rEFInd booted from a USB flash drive or CD-R should give you an option to boot Ubuntu. There are a number of caveats, though, such as the need for the kernel to be on a filesystem that rEFInd can read and the fact that you'll need to enter extra kernel options if you use a separate /boot partition. If this method works for you, though, you can boot into EFI mode now. The main advantage of this for your situation is that you'll be able to use efibootmgr to install whatever boot manager you like to your hard disk. Down the road, rEFInd can also be helpful for emergency recovery; if your GRUB 2 installation goes south, rEFInd may enable you to boot and fix the problem.

Of course, jumping through all these hoops will take time and effort. If the Ubuntu installation is fresh, it's likely to be easier to re-install. The key here, given what you've written, is likely to be to re-create your Ubuntu installation disk, but do it properly. If the disk you've got now refuses to boot in EFI mode, chances are it lacks an EFI boot loader. You didn't say what tool you used to create the disk, but switching to another tool may help. Some tools also offer options (such as partition table type) that may affect the ability to boot in EFI mode. Personally, I generally use dd to copy the .iso file to a USB drive, as in:

sudo dd if=imagefile.iso of=/dev/sdc

This example copies imagefile.iso to the USB drive at /dev/sdc. Be aware, though, that dd can be dangerous! Pay particular attention to the of= option, which specifies where the image will be written. If you type the wrong value here, you could wipe out your hard disk!

Also, disabling the Compatibility Support Module (CSM) in your firmware may help. The CSM is what provides BIOS compatibility, so if you disable the CSM, the computer can't boot in BIOS mode (aka "legacy mode" -- and firmware options sometimes refer to the CSM using that term). Details of how to disable the CSM vary from one computer to another, though. See this page of mine for more on this subject.


Converting between package formats intended for different distributions is not a perfect process (and never will be), you really should try to use Ubuntu (or at least Debian) packages. Sometimes if you need a newer version than exists in the Ubuntu repositories you can find it in Debian testing, unstable or even experimental series.

But first thing I'd try is:

sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql


first try

  /etc/init.d/networking restart

This will restart the networking service and eth0 will come up if your computer is connected to  a network.

Also check the /etc/network/interfaces files and see if there is eth0 interface in their. If not you can create config as below:

iface br0 inet static
address 192.168.2.15
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.2.2
bridge_ports eth0

You can simply replace br0 with eth0 and get rid of the last line as well. For obvious you need to choose the ip address according to ip address class for your router. Reboot your system or restart the networking service as above.
Good Luck


How can I add a parameter on module at startup?

Create a file:

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8192cu.conf

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit. Add a single line:

options rtl8192cu rtw_power_mgnt=2 rtw_ips_mode=1 rtw_hwpwrp_detect=1 rtw_enusbss=1

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor. You should be all set.


How can I automatically restart charms after boot up

You can use @raboot command cron job

in terminal crontab -e
it will open a cron job file where you can add jobs.

add a line with

@reboot "command you want with all switches needed"

without the "" that is.


Unable to dual-boot Ubuntu 14.04 with pre-installed Windows 8.1 (Sony Vaio S series Laptop)

Grub menu will appear if you press and hold Shift during loading Grub.

For permanent change you'll need to edit your /etc/default/grub file -- place a "#" symbol at the start of line GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0.

Save changes and run sudo update-grub to apply changes.

Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2


How to install Ktechlab on Kubuntu 12.10 64-bits

With this script you can solved it:

http://elpuig.xeill.net/Members/rborrell/ktechlab-in-ubuntu


Not able to install *.run file in Ubuntu?

Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, navigate to the directory of the .run file, and run the command(s) below:

chmod +x example.run
sudo ./example.run

OR

Right-click the file and select Properties.  Under the Permissions tab, make sure that Allow executing file as program is checked and press Close.  Double-click the .run file to open it. A dialog box will appear, choose Run in Terminal to run the installer

A Terminal window will open. Follow any instructions on-screen to install the program.

Note:64-bit versions of Ubuntu don't include the 32-bit libraries required to run the installer. Before the installer will run, you need to install the ia32-libs.


Ubuntu Software Center (10.04LTS) Missing Packages

You have to remove OpenOffice and enable the PPA for LibreOffice.

Remove Openoffice

Before installing LibreOffice you need to remove existing openoffice from your system using the following command

sudo apt-get purge openoffice*.*

Install libreoffice in ubuntu 11.04/10.10/10.04 using PPA

Open the terminal and run the following commands

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/ppa

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install libreoffice

For gnome users - you also need to install the following package

sudo apt-get install libreoffice-gnome

As far a the development tools may I recommend installing "Y PPA Manager", this will allow you to search for tools and apps. Install the PPA and assist in downloading.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager

source Y-PPA

source LibreOffice


The package php-common isn't in the standard Wily repositories. But you have added the PPA ppa:ondrej/php-7.0 and the package php-pear in this PPA depends on php-common, which is also in this PPA.

Your problem is, php-pear isn't installable, for whatever reason, but php-common. So the package php-common will be installed only to discover later that it is unnecessary, because the "parent" package php-pear could not be installed.


You can install the Finger printer drivers as :

sudo apt-get install fprintd fprint-demo libfprint0


Basically you should just leave it alone - Your system has decided that some portions of memory are not needed right now, and moved them to swap to free up memory for programs and data which are being used.

When (if) the memory in the swap area is needed, the OS will pull that memory back from swap into RAM, possibly moving other parts into swap to make room if needed.

There is good basic information about handling swap at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwapFaq


Can't access Ubuntu(grub minimal bash error) after Windows repartitioning, Tried lot of Methods ..Please Help me out?

You can probably see all your partitions, including ubuntu, if you boot from an ubuntu installation stick and select 'Try ubuntu'. This live session should give you access to your data. But you can also try to fix grub from there:
Try to locate the partition of the Linux installation. A command
mount |grep '^\/dev\/'

tells you which partition devices were mounted where in the file system. In your case the EFI partition seems to be /dev/sda1, and your linux installation may be at /dev/sda4. Remember these partition names, and unmount them if they are still mounted (e.g. click in file manager the upward pointing triangle next to the disk icon).
Now give the following commands, substituting if necessary the proper partition names for /dev/sda4 and /dev/sda1:
mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
for f in proc dev dev/pts sys run; do mount -B /$f /mnt/$f; done
chroot /mnt

Now you are running the installed ubuntu as root. Enter the
following commands:
mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi
grub-install
update-grub
umount /boot/efi

Terminate this chroot session with Control-D, and then terminate the live session.


How do I install Lame in the Asunder program?

There is a small issue with the installation of Asunder in that lame (which permits mp3 encoding under Asunder) is a 'suggested package' rather than a mandatory part of the installation. Observe on my own system (arrows added by myself):

andrew@corinth:~$ sudo apt-get install asunder
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  cdparanoia flac vorbis-tools wavpack
Suggested packages:              <---------------------------
  lame                           <---------------------------
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  asunder cdparanoia flac vorbis-tools wavpack
0 to upgrade, 5 to newly install, 0 to remove and 290 not to upgrade.
Need to get 465 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,971 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

This will lead to the error message that you have described:

The easy fix is to install the lame package along with Asunder:

sudo apt-get install asunder lame

and then Asunder will automagically pick up the lame package and all will be well :) See the relevant section of the preferences in Asunder below after a successful installation of lame as well as Asunder:

Note: Asunder will encode to several other formats so consider installing the required encoders for AAC, Opus, Musepack and Monkey's Audio as well...


When I restart I don't see GRUB and go straight to windows

The windows partition has the boot flag set. Boot in live CD, open the program Gparted, select sda5 (ubuntu partition) and right click and say manage flags. Select boot.

Now take out the CD and restart. You should get the GRUB menu where you can pick windows or ubuntu.

If something is wrong with ubuntu and this still doesn't work you can undo this by loading in live CD and putting the boot flag back to sda2 where it was.

Terminal method
This has been added as there seems to be a problems getting gparted to see the disk.

Boot in Live CD again and run

fdisk -l

Just to check nothing has changed. For you your linux partition with the grub files is sda5 (NOTE anyone else who finds this make sure you know which partition grub is on before running a command like this) So we run

sudo parted /dev/sda set 5 boot on

Now restart, and it should hopefully work. I want to warn you that if your linux boot is broken this could just cause no booting at all. In which case you again boot in live CD and can undo it with:

sudo parted /dev/sda set 2 boot on


I can't boot windows 8 after installing Ubuntu

You have a boot flag (with gpt that makes it the ESP or efi partition) on the main Windows install. With BIOS that might be correct, but with gpt you should only have the boot flag on the efi partition -sda2. Use gparted or gdisk to change it back to a data partition (remove boot flag).
That may be the entire issue with invalid EFI.

Not sure what changes rEFInd may do. But in many cases it is suggested.

Grub2's os-prober still has a bug and does not create correct chain load entries. Do not use any of those as they will not work. But the one's created by Boot-Repair should work or you can try directly booting Windows from UEFI menu.


Problem switching to Ubuntu from Windows

I'll answer all your questions below although typically there should only be one question per question.

Hardware: So I want to completely switch to linux, no dual boot. The only thing I am afraid of is if I will be able to use my current hardware.

Your hardware is fine. However I would keep windows, shrink the partition down and install Ubuntu alongside Windows.

Storage: As I mentioned above, I have two drives on my laptop. A C: and a D:.

Ubuntu supports multiple drives.

"Can I go back?".

Follow the advise in 1. and install Ubuntu alongside Windows. Then it's not a question of "going back" because "you never left".


How do I use dm-crypt (LUKS) with GnuPG to use two-factor for FDE?

I do the same thing, however I'm afraid my answer won't be satisfactory, as for various reasons I went with a completely custom Initramfs.

Instead of GnuPG, which is an extra binary that has to be included in the Initramfs (and in case of GnuPG-2, a rather complex one), I simply used what's already there. And that's obviously dm-crypt/LUKS.

So suppose you have a keyfile. Preferably one with random data.

# dd if=/dev/urandom of=keyfile count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.000189802 s, 2.7 MB/s

Add encryption for it with LUKS (feel free to add your cipher settings of choice).

# truncate -s 2M keyfile.luks
# cryptsetup luksFormat keyfile --header keyfile.luks

WARNING!
========
This will overwrite data on keyfile.luks irrevocably.

Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES
Enter passphrase: bananas
Verify passphrase: bananas

Now you have a keyfile (512 byte) and a keyfile.luks (2MB, which cryptsetup for some reason needs to write the 192k LUKS header). Since the Initramfs will be compressed anyway, that is not too bad (still smaller than GnuPG).

Now you can decrypt the keyfile:

# cryptsetup luksOpen keyfile --header keyfile.luks lukskey
Enter passphrase for keyfile: bananas

And you have 512 byte of random data in /dev/mapper/lukskey. (You may write to it if you want to change it, so we could have initialized the file with zeroes earlier.)

# blockdev --getsize64 /dev/mapper/lukskey
512

In Initramfs init you could then proceed to open the real LUKS volume with it (assuming you added the key first).

cryptsetup --key-file=/dev/mapper/lukskey luksOpen /dev/yourdisk luksyourdisk
cryptsetup luksClose lukskey # clean up

This approach makes GnuPG entirely superfluous, plus you get all LUKS advantages, such as multiple passphrases for the key, cipher of your choice, et cetera. Not to mention a nice (mostly regular) password prompt with multiple retries.


give su privilege to specific app and no need to sudo before command

This can be done by editing the sudoers file, using sudo visudo

In this command-line "editor" append:

Username ALL = NOPASSWD: /full(!)/path/to/app

and replace Username with your username. But beware, that this is pretty dangerous, granting full sudo permission to apps, and should only be done if you know exactly what you're doing


Will installing Windows 8 remove Ubuntu?

Yes, Windows likes to be in the first partition because its fussy. You can partition your hard drive yourself with Gparted for example, install windows and reinstall the grub bootloader, but that’s messy and I would not be the best at explaining how that works unfortunately.

But to answer your question yes windows will attempt to overwrite Ubuntu.

Edit

Although if win7 is in the first partition it may not, sorry I didnt think about that in my first comment. I apologise. Do you have the win8 disc? if you do its no harm putting it in and testing, just don't agree to the format of course if it suggests it.


Claws mail 3.11.1 Could not queue message for sending

Go into the Configuration/Preferences/Advanced for this account.  Specify a folder for queued messages (eg. Drafts).  That worked for me.  GL.


Installing drivers on my nvidia graphics card. One command claims I have proper drivers the other one contradicts

Make sure you are using X.org and not Wayland, NVIDIA doesn't support waylandn at the moment.
Make sure you installed the correct drivers, you will probably need nvidia-3xx or nvidia-driver-4xx. Everything depends on your model.
You can use "lspci | grep VGA" to know your nvidia model, or ubuntu-drivers devices
then run: sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall, this option automatically detects your card and install drivers for it.
Or if you have and specific version you can run "sudo apt install nvidia-yourmodel"
You can also add this ppa to install drivers :)
sudo add-apt-repository ppa: graphics-drivers / ppa


How to perform a HP BIOS upgrade with only Ubuntu?

You can use file-roller (in Nautilus: right click > open with… > archive manager) or cabextract to unpack HP's BIOS update packages. The one I just tried contains two identical MS-DOS executables that are in turn self-extracting archives. They contain a .bin files which is the BIOS update you're looking for. Put it on a USB drive and you should be able to instruct the EFI BIOS to update itself from that drive.


Acer Aspire ES1 311 freezes regularly on Ubuntu GNOME 15.10

I spent a day and a half getting my Aspire E5-511 to run any of 14.x, 15.x, 16.04 without freezing (sometimes during install.)  Even when the system runs properly it never powers itself off properly on shutdown.

After much googling and experimentation, I found a fix -
   The kernel doesn't matter.   The freeze can show up on about any kernel (including the old 4.1.12)

A few boot parameters will fix it completely.

You need to set:

  intel_idle.max_cstate=0
  processor.max_cstate=1
  modprobe.blacklist=dw_dmac,dw_dmac_core

If your system boots at all, edit /boot/grub/grub.cfg.  Replace every occurence of :

quiet splash  --

With this:

quiet splash intel_idle.max_cstate=0 processor.max_cstate=1 modprobe.blacklist=dw_dmac,dw_dmac_core --

Now do:

sudo update-grub

Reboot and you should be good to go. If your system doesn't get this far - if it hangs while trying to boot up, do a fresh install. Here's a walkthrough (from Windows.):

I grabbed the 14.04 LTs 64-bit ISO file. The 64-bit version is key in that it supports the UEFI file system.  I suspect this solution works for later releases, but haven't yet tried them.

I used Rufus http://www.techrepublic.com/article/pro-tip-use-rufus-to-create-a-bootable-usb-drive-to-install-almost-any-os/ to make a bootable thumb drive from the ISO file.  (On windows, you might need to right-click the file and run as Administrator.)   When it asks if you want to do a file-write (default) or a DD data dump, accept the default of file-write.   This allows you to edit the file system on the thumb drive.

Open a file explorer, open the thumb drive, and locate the file boot/grub/grub.cfg.   Now make sure File Explorer is set to "show file extension" (for instance, on Windows 10 - http://www.file-extensions.org/article/show-and-hide-file-extensions-in-windows-10.  Google your OS if otherwise.)

Rename grub.cfg to grub.txt (right-click/Properties).   Double-click the file and open with notepad.

Make the text substitutions described above.

Rename grub.txt back to grub.cfg.

Reboot. Hit F-12 to bring up boot menu. Boot from the thumb drive.
You should get a working system now.

If your system hangs when trying to boot from the thumb-drive, you can add those boot parameters from the Grub menu.  (Can someone knowledgeable give the instructions for this?)

Please excuse all the detail, I wanted to make this information accessible to the broadest possible set of users, given that it's a distro-killing extinction event of a bug on this class of hardware.

I'd be interested to hear if this works for later distros as well, I suspect it does (since they all failed in the same way.)

I also had some mouse problems till I went into BIOS and set Main/touch to Basic.


Show Available space for various Drives in Nautilus

In my version of ubuntu (lucid) I don't think I can change it that way, but You can try to use in terminal

gconf-editor

and go to schemas/apps/nautilus/preferences and see if You have any option that could do it


How to Remote Desktop from Windows to Lubuntu

First open a terminal and enter sudo apt-get install xrdp.
When that is installed enter sudo nano /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh in the terminal.
Make sure the last line looks like this:

. /etc/X11/Xsession

Then go to your home folder, rightclick and select Show hidden.
If there is no file named .xsession, create it. If there is a filed named like that, open it and make sure that it looks like this when your done: lxsession -e LXDE -s Lubuntu

Now type sudo service xrdp restart in the terminal to restart xrdp. Now it should work :)


How to start a new project and host it at launchpad.net?

How to create a project
I will show how to create a project on Launchpad. I recommend that you go to staging.launchpad.net to create a test project first. This is what I will do in my example. The process is exactly the same on launchpad.net.
First, click 'Register a project' on the home page.

Enter the project information.

Add extra details including a lengthy description, a homepage URL and a licence (choose GNU GPL v3 if you are not sure which to pick).

Click 'Complete Registration' to create your project.
See https://help.launchpad.net/Code/QuickStart for how to host your project code.
There are tools available to make code hosting easier. Quickly  is a useful tool for helping you to get started with programming on Ubuntu using python, bzr and Launchpad.
Also to simplify the code hosting and bzr version control, you can use the excellent Ground Control which integrates your Launchpad projects into the Nautilus file manager.
I also find nautilus-bzr
a useful tool because it provides emblems showing the status of files in a bzr branch.


Using Ubuntu without any knowledge of Linux

It can be a great learning experience - you can go into it as deeply as you want.

If you just want to use Ubuntu for web browsing, writing emails and documents, or any other usual thing, then it is as easy to use as windows.

But if you want to you can discover all sorts of things that are simply not available in windows - including the source code that runs the operating system. There are all sorts of high quality programs included for free, that you would have to pay for under windows.

It's not some massive technical problem that only graduates and geeks can handle, so don't worry! A couple of hours and you will feel at ease with most of it.

Also there is a huge amount of help online and a large number of people who are happy to help new users make the shift to Linux.


The problem was the Geary version from the Ubuntu repository. I downloaded the Flatpak version and it worked immediately.
Download: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.gnome.Geary
Install via flatpak install org.gnome.Geary.flatpakref.


Desktop stuck on software rendering (LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE set)

Running the following command once and then logging in again fixed the issue:

systemctl --user unset-environment LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE

Unfortunately, I still don't know what caused the setting in the first place.


What is this 6.3GB of hard disk space allocated as "Swap"?

Linux divides a memory into chunks of memory called pages. When your system needs more memory than you have available, the kernel swaps out less used pages and gives memory to the current application that needs more memory and also it is used to store pages that a application on startup that used only on startup and never used again.

A typical swap partition should be double the size of your memory.(However, The size we can give to swap entirely depends on your RAM and your working processes)


There is an app in the Ubuntu Store called uClementine Remote. That should do the trick.


Typed command incorrectly for wrong version - How do I correct?

From man add-apt-repository:

-r, --remove Remove the specified repository

So:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove "deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy universe multiverse"
sudo add-apt-repository --remove "deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates universe multiverse"

Next time, just do

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo add-apt-repository multiverse

Since:

   REPOSITORY can  be  either  a  line  that  can  be  added  directly  to
   sources.list(5),  in the form ppa:<user>/<ppa-name> for adding Personal
   Package Archives, or a distribution component to enable.

   In the third form, the given distribution component will be enabled for
   all sources.


Unsupported Video Chipset - How do I force Low-Graphics mode?

You could try adding one or more grub boot options such as "nomodeset" and "xforcevesa" - see my linked answer for help on how to do this.

You can try to use one of the following combinations:

nomodeset

xforcevesa

nomodeset xforcevesa

If you boot into recovery-mode you could create a file call xorg.conf:

sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf

copy and paste the following information:

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "Configured Video Device"
    Driver      "fbdev"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier  "Configured Monitor"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier  "Default Screen"
    Monitor     "Configured Monitor"
    Device      "Configured Video Device"
EndSection

This is the very basic framebuffer driver that fail safe uses.

Possibly if you change the text Driver     "fbdev" to Driver     "vesa" this should give you slightly better VESA type graphics.

This wiki page refers to the "trident" video driver. Since your card is a trident you may possibly be able to change the driver to "trident".

This wiki page refers to the "SiS" video driver which contains the "XGI Volari" name of your graphics card - possibly your card is this type in disguise and you may be able to change the driver to "SiS"

Linked Question:

How do I set 'nomodeset' after I've already installed Ubuntu?


Yes, that's the plan and it's in the works. There is no timeline or anything announced yet, but I expected it to be discussed at the next Ubuntu Online Summit: http://summit.ubuntu.com/


How to install Intel graphics drivers (with Vulkan support) for Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial?

Try using the PPA from https://launchpad.net/~paulo-miguel-dias/+archive/ubuntu/mesa

It's mostly up-to-date and also includes Vulkan drivers for Intel GPUs. I'm using that one too for development.


This works for other languages as well, just replace the shorthand for your specific language

FOR 12.04

To add the Hebrew language support you have to use:

setxkbmap -option grp:switch,grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll us,il

The shorthand for Hebrew is il

To make the change permanent, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below:

gksudo gedit /etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE/autostart

Enter your password, and click OK.  Once the file open up, add the lone as shown in the image below.  Once done save and exit.

FOR 12.10

Right click on the panel, and click on Panel Settings as shown below.

When it opens, click on Panel Applets, and then click on Add as shown below.

Choose Keyboard Layout Handler, and then click on Add as shown below.

Then high-lite Keyboard Layout Handler, and click on Edit as shown below.

and then click on add, as shown below.

Once it opens choose Hebrew, or any other language you desire, and click OK as shown below.

Once you're done you will be able to switch between layouts from the panel icon, by clicking on it as shown below.


Using Tor and torify

sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install tor
sudo apt-get install torsocks

If tor and torsocks is also not available, run (for Ubuntu Trusty)

wget https://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/t/tor/tor_0.2.4.27-1build0.14.04.1_amd64.deb
wget https://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/t/torsocks/torsocks_1.3-3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i tor*.deb

After that use torify

sudo torify apt-get update
sudo torify apt-get install google-chrome-stable


What causes this error is pretty straightforward. The error is caused by the fallocate command failing and returning with an exit code of 1 (fail) as opposed to succeeding and returning an exit code of 0.

The error in and of itself does not effect the system, it is actually a symptom of an underlying problem.

The root cause could be an attempt to allocate more space for a file than the system has available or perhaps a corrupted filesystem (whether actual or virtual disk). I would expect the full error in the first case to be fallocate failed: No space left on device

A failure to deallocate space could also throw an error. This IMHO would point toward the aforementioned corrupt filesystem.

If you do not have a current backup/image/clone of the filesystem in question it would be prudent to make one. Doing so would ensure that you could return to where you are now without having to be concerned about the unintended consequences of rebooting the VM. If the underlying disk hosting the filesystem is damaged you may wish to use something like ddrescue in an attempt to preserve as much as possible from the physical disk. This message will not cause a failure to reboot the VM however do not take that statement as a guarantee that your VM will reboot successfully. Anything can go terribly wrong at any time and a detailed view of the future is not something I (or anyone) can provide for you.

For more detail on the fallocate command see man fallocate

EDIT: It's entirely likely that your R1Soft backups are using snapshots without your knowledge. See this which seems to increase the relevancy of the link you posted in your question. It would seem to be worthwhile to check the version of the driver/agent installed on the system to ascertain if you have the latest version and whether any bugs have been squashed that would indicate whether you should update it or report a bug.You might consider exploring alternative backup methods in the interim for safety if at all possible.


Cannot find "-lboost_python-mt" error when using Boost

As it was mentioned, changing the reference to "-lboost_python-py27" helps to solve the problem.

The source of the information is
Cannot find boost-thread-mt library


How to delete part of a name of 195 diffrent files in one folder?

rename -n 's:^\[.*\](.*):$1:' *

[02Rarev]QgysLJF renamed as QgysLJF
[0rwCtGh]cGdxnWH renamed as cGdxnWH
[1B2CMhq]M91oPHh renamed as M91oPHh
[1BMD7N3]0nYVP0b renamed as 0nYVP0b
[1MjkCZu]WBPYXKG renamed as WBPYXKG
[2HoSmD7]aLWLmpf renamed as aLWLmpf

^\[.*\] matches from beginning^ of files for brackets and everything inside pair of it which is followed by anything(.*). So with (.*) we just captured a group of anything after brackets that contains only files description then in replacement section s/.../REPLACEMENT/ of rename command I replaced all files names with description part by using back-reference of captured group($1 refer to index of first captured group(.*)).

You can also use rename with class of characters matching:

rename -n 's:^\[([0-9A-Za-z]*)\](.*):$1:' *

How to create multiple files with different names and different extensions?


Get Windows Back After Waking Up On 16.04 LTS

Try disable the external monitor before going to sleep (if you think this complex procedure is worth it) in this way...
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/149959/how-to-run-systemd-user-service-to-trigger-on-sleep-aka-suspend-hibernate
and use the xrandr command to disable (before going to sleep) and re-enable it (after returning from sleep)


StarCraft II Ubuntu 14.04 installation for a noob

StarCraft II can also be installed with another alternative method using the PlayOnLinux application from the default Ubuntu repositories.

There is a PlayOnLinux installer script for StarCraft II at the PlayOnLinux website. Click the arrow next to the Source code heading to unfold the source code of the PlayOnLinux installer script for StarCraft II.

Visit the Create a script for PlayOnLinux - Chapter 1: Getting to know Bash for instructions about how to run a PlayOnLinux installer script, including screenshots.

Executing your script

Save your script in gedit, right-click the script and select Properties -> Permissions tab -> put a check mark in the checkbox to the left of where it says Allow executing file as program, and then use the function Run a local script from the Tools menu of PlayOnLinux.

There is also a newer version of the PlayOnLinux installer script for StarCraft II that uses Wine 1.7 that is available on the same website. This update "fixes Battle.net crash and has better quality in-game". Wine 1.7 is not in the repositories for Ubuntu 14.04, however Wine 1.7 can be installed by adding this Launchpad PPA: ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa to your software sources using the instructions found at that link. The version of Wine for Ubuntu 14.04 from this PPA is up-to-date enough (Wine 1.7.55) that the newer version of the PlayOnLinux installer script for StarCraft II can be used with it.

Update

In all currently supported versions of Ubuntu Wine>=1.7 is provided by the wine-development package. To install it open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install wine-development # installs Wine 4 in 19.04+

In Ubuntu 18.04 and later Wine can also be installed by installing the wine-stable package.

sudo apt install wine-stable # installs Wine 3 in 18.04


Interesting topic! I know of no kernel support for this device, but it may just be a question of time. However, implementation in other software and in some cases hardware is another problem.

Theoretically possible with kernel support (not at the moment)
This requires software as well as kernel support, so even less likely.
Again, software support, but for specific projects like Krita, the developers could add support to the source code, if there's kernel support for the hardware.
No! The dial requires dedicated hardware to work with a screen, and just touch sensitivity is not enough to register the dial presence. Theoretically you could accomplish this by installing Linux on the Surface Studio...

This could also be an opportunity to start an Open Source hardware project to create a rotary encoder tool for any OS. Dial and buttons, fully configurable through standardized software.


Yes it does. More specifically, it is the file manager that does this. Normally there is a limit to the size of files that are indexed however, and also it usually does not index remote files IIRC.


Is there a way to take influence on behavior of bash history?

Several variables control the behaviour of your history:

HISTCONTROL: controls how values are saved in your history. The values ignorespace, ignoredups and erasedups can entered here (separate them by colon).
HISTFILE: sets the location of the history file.
HISTFILESIZE: sets the maximum number of lines in your history file.
HISTIGNORE: has a list of pattern which the bash ignores (see the other answer for syntax).
HISTSIZE: contains a number of lines which are remembered in the actual shell.
HISTTIMEFORMAT: contains an expression how an entry is formatted (see other answer)


Trouble with batch conversion of .png to .pdf using convert

convert is a powerful command line tool to convert graphics. Its support for PDF is provided by Ghostscript. Because of a significant security hole in Ghostscript prior to version 9.24, use of convert on PDF files has been blocked as a stopgap. The issue has been fixed since Ghostscript version 9.24. While Ghostscript versions are updated to secure versions in all supported Ubuntu versions (at this time from Ubuntu 16.04 onwards), the usage restriction may still be in place.

The policy file is /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml. You may edit that file as root user to change the policies.

Eliminating all usage restrictions

For desktop users not running a webserver, simply eliminating these restrictions might be good enough. To that aim, one may delete the file, but it is better practice to "move the file out" by renaming it. With this command, you are renaming the file. As a result, all policies are lifted, but you still can revert if needed:

sudo mv /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xmlout

To revert to the original situation, just rename back to the original name:

sudo mv /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xmlout /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml

Be well aware that moving the policy file out decreases system security.

Eliminating only the restriction to combine into PDF

For your specific case, gene_wood in a comment pointed to the posibility to selectively relax the policy for working with PDF files by commenting out one line:

<policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PDF" />

Edit the file, and place comment marks around this line to disable this rule:

<!-- <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PDF" /> -->

If you do not want to eliminate all security policies, this is the way to go.


USB stick with Clonezilla and SystemRescueCD ISO on two partitions

Yes, you can have multiple LiveLinux distros on the same USB Flashdrive, including Clonezilla and SystemRescue, and do it more easily than shrinking the dd-generated partition.

MultiBootUSB MultiBootUSB tutorial  and MultiSystem MultiSystem tutorial are two menu-driven apps which function in Linux, allow you to start from scratch, and create a flashdrive with multiple LiveLinux distros.

They also create a menu which allows you to select which OS you want to use at boot-from-live time, which you would not get from just shrinking the dd-generated partition and adding another distro.


how can I delete apps that aren't installed in dash?

Please look in these locations:

~/.local/share/applications
/usr/share/applications

for the .desktop files. Remove them and those entries in dash should disappear. If your files in /usr/share/applications are much which I believe they are then using these command after changing into that folder to find the files of interest:

grep -Rio navicat .
grep -Rio wine .

Note: You can change the search name(s) for grep accordingly to find these files, the files in ~/.local/share should be fewer and easier to search without the grep command.


Don't worry, Intel and AMD processors use the same versions.You must need to make sure to download the the ISO for the right architecture: 32-bit or 64-bit.


How to forward ports on the same Ubuntu machine? I want my webserver be available on 80 and 8880 port

Just use the Listen directive in your Apache configuration file.

For instance, right now you'll probably have Listen 80, just add Listen 8880 after it:

Listen 80
Listen 8880

and restart Apache.


well you can enter.
while your system is in booting at GRUB menu choose Restore option.Then in the next step you'll get some options and there choose drop to root shell. There you are as admin and you can do there.

But Be careful with what ever you are doing. don't touch any unless you dont know clearly.

Hope that helps.


wifi disconnecting within few min in ubuntu 14.04 lts

You can install a driver this way.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rtlwifi-new-dkms linux-firmware

it should work better after reboot.


Replace disk with a smaller one without reinstalling Ubuntu?

Yes, it should be possible.
First, plug in your new hard drive e. g. using a hard drive enclosure and boot from a live CD. Shrink root partition so it fits the new hard drive. Then, create images of boot and root partition. If you're on UEFI, backup the EFI partition too. You can create images either using GNOME Disks or the dd command.
I recommend creating partitions of the same sizes as on old hard drive first. You can then just copy one partition and flash it to another using dd.
Power off your computer, if you're on a laptop, remove the battery or put it in battery safe mode.
Replace your hard drive with the new one and power on your computer.
NOTE: If you're using legacy boot, there's one more step. Your computer will probably fail to boot because you haven't copied the MBR too. You can fix this by using boot-repair in the live CD.


connecting to a HPC machine via a third party machine and file transfer

You could connect use the ProxyCommand of SSH, which then automatically does the hop and you can use ssh bjackson@issac or scp file.txt bjackson@issac:/tmp for example.

Add the following to your ~/.ssh/config.

Host isaac
    Hostname isaac
    Port 22
    ProxyCommand ssh -W %h:%p bjackson@bal.wur.nl


What is the best way to control music on my PC from my iphone or android?

You can do it with mpd.

You have to set up the daemon such that it allows ssh connection (basically comment the line bind to adress: 127.0.0.1 in the config file /etc/mpd/), then it will play in the background. You can then control it from any client (i.e. from any device which can connect to your PC) there is a list there:

http://mpd.wikia.com/wiki/Clients

Some of them are particuliarly designed for Iphone. Some are php clients also, which can be fun.

This is what I'm using at home and it works perfectly!


Running Lucid (10.04) in virtualbox in 2020 - dependencies

You have to change the /etc/apt/sources.list to have correct repositories:

archive.ubuntu.com → old-releases.ubuntu.com
security.ubuntu.com → old-releases.ubuntu.com

And then use sudo apt-get update, sudo apt-get upgrade with sudo apt-get install something as usual.


How to reconfigure not fully installed MySQL?

You can just run these commands to purge all MySQL related packages:

sudo apt-get remove --purge *mysql*
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean

and:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server
mysql_secure_installation

to well install MySQL.


Ubuntu 14.04 wired connection not detecting

If this is a desktop installation using Network Manager, then no declaration of eth0 is needed in /etc/network/interfaces. Network Manager should do the job perfectly well. Moreover, the file is slightly malformed. I suggest you edit the file as follows:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

Proofread, save and close the text editor. Reboot and let us have your report.

Sometimes, the troublesome r8169 will connect if you specify some capabilities, instead of letting the card and router negotiate. Please do:

gksudo gedit /etc/rc.local

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit. Add one line right above exit 0:

ethtool -s eth0 autoneg off speed 100

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor. Reboot and, if it doesn't connect, let us see another paste as below.

if your system does not have gksu package by default use command:
sudo -i gedit /etc/rc.local


Configure udev to change permissions on USB HID device?

Normally, this is done by adding to /etc/udev/rules.d a file maybe named 50-usb-scale.conf with contents like this:

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="HEX1", ATTR{idProduct}=="HEX2", MODE="0666"

Where HEX1 and HEX2 are replaced with the vendor and product id respectively.

To match on the Interface type instead, you could try replacing ATTR{idVendor}=="HEX1", ATTR{idProduct}=="HEX2" with a match for bInterfaceClass being 03 (HID):

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{bInterfaceClass}=="03", MODE="0666"

But be warned, that will catch mice and keyboards too.


With Wubi how can I install 12.04 and not 12.10

To install Ubuntu 12.04 with Wubi, type this in Google or another search engine:

ubuntu 12.04 wubi installer download

Click on the C-Net download to get Ubuntu. This takes you to a working download for Ubuntu 12.04.

Such web-search based techniques are often helpful for downloading Ubuntu files when you are having trouble finding the right file because it's old, or when there is a problem with the Ubuntu website, with your browser or proxy (e.g., due to caching problems), or just a network slowdown somewhere in between.

Just make sure you're only downloading Ubuntu (and any other software) from sites you trust.


Can I install Ubuntu even if Windows is broken?

As long as your BIOS or UEFI is still working (the splash screen with your computer manufacturer's name on it when your computer starts up), then you will be able to install Ubuntu.

Ubuntu 12.04, which is older than the latest version, 13.10, but has a longer support period. The latest version of Ubuntu, 13.10, has a shorter support period , but newer features.

Ubuntu 12.04 will fit on an 800 megabyte CD, but Ubuntu 13.04 will not. So, if you plan on installing Ubuntu 13.04, you'll need to use a DVD or USB.

If you would like to create a bootable CD or DVD, follow these instruction to create a bootable CD/DVD from Windows, or these instructions if you are running OS X.

If you would like to create a bootable USB drive (may not work on older computers), you should follow this guide for creating a bootable USB on Windows using Pen Drive Linux. Again, if you are running OS X, follow this guide instead.

In order to boot from your live CD/DVD or live USB, you'll need to press a key when your computer starts up. Assuming your computer didn't come with Windows 8 (in which case you should follow this answer for disabling Secure Boot), it will probablly be Esc or F2. When your computer starts up, look for some text on the screen that says 'Boot Menu' and a key on your keyboard (usually in the upper right-hand corner).

The process varies between computer, but there should be an option to select a CD/DVD drive or a USB storage device. If no USB option shows up (ensure that the USB drive is plugged into your computer before you start it), you'll need to use a CD or DVD instead.


pgf's and pstricks's opacity is not appearing in .ps and .pdf files

Today I asked the same question in TeX SE  and  was answered by AlexG. Assuming that some are interested about this issue, here is:
pgf's and pstricks's opacity is not working


unsupported configuration: hda-duplex not supported in this QEMU binary

Restart libvirt-bin

sudo stop libvirt-bin
sudo start libvirt-bin

Now Reopen virt-manager and try again, I hope problem is solved


How to install virtualbox on Ubuntu 20.04?

Seems like you are describing the correct, expected behavior.
dpkg does not handle dependencies or repositories. It only installs or uninstalls the package that it's told to (that's an oversimplification).
Instead, most folks use apt when possible. Apt does handle repositories and dependencies.

You can use apt to install downloaded packages: sudo apt install /path/to/file_name.deb
Generally, it's easier to use the Ubuntu repositories than to download software yourself: sudo apt install virtualbox

Opinion: I've used Virtualbox every workday for years. Most users do not need to expend the extra effort to download Vbox from upstream and puzzle out the dependencies. The Ubuntu package works quite well, is already meshed to the correct dependencies, and is fully-featured.


If you are using Unity, there is no completely fast way but down at the bottom of the system tray icon menu you can click on "Sound Settings" and change it from there.

If you are using KDE, you can click on the speaker and select to open the full KMixer window, and change it from there.

Can't help you with other DEs.

Hope this helped.


If you want to run python in Ubuntu, just open a terminal with Ctrl-Alt-T and execute this command

python

Then you will have an interactive python interpreter running in the termnal.

I am assuming you want to run python portably from the USB drive and use it anywhere with Linux system. You can achieve this by downloading portable python from this site

Download it
Install it to your USB drive

I am quoting from the site

  Portable Python can be installed on any USB storage device, local hard drive or network location. It is possible to install several different distributions of Portable Python on the same USB storage device (or local hard drive) and have them running side by side. This makes Portable Python ideal environment to test your code with different Python engines.

Then run from the USB directly to program python

Enjoy Portable Pythonning!!


Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS is a long-term support release. It has continuous hardware support improvements as well as guaranteed security and support updates until April 2017.

Ubuntu 13.10 is the new version.Ubuntu 13.10 will be supported for 9 months and includes cutting-edge new features that make your music, videos, documents and apps much easier to access.

Ubuntu 13.10 gives you all the latest features, while Ubuntu 12.04 LTS comes with extended support.


How does the Ubuntu upgrade process work?

Here a more detailed description of the process. Sorry the text got so long.

My experience stems from Debian, for which the entire packaging and upgrade system used in Ubuntu was originally invented. The daily Ubuntu security upgrades correspond to running apt-get upgrade which normally doesn't remove any software. The big release upgrades correspond to a apt-get dist-upgrade during which software packages can be exchanged completely.

Actually the very low level components are normally not exchanged during a release upgrade. Immediately after the upgrade you should find two kernel and initrd images in your /boot directory. This is because unlike programs kernel components are not interchangable so well. If the need arises to load new device drivers during the upgrade, those must be compatible with the running kernel. After the system boots up with the new kernel, the old one can be removed. Last time I checked this one thing had to be done manually, I don't know how the current updater handles this. This is BTW. the main reason, why the kernel image bears its version number in the file name - so you can have different kernel versions installed at the same time. Same for the module path (/lib/modules/...)

Software packages are upgraded one by one, starting with the lowest packages in the dependency hirarchy. Those are normally program librarys like libc and other ones. The sequence in which packages are updated is however not hardcoded but dynamically calculated as package dependencies are resolved. In most cases old programs can function with new librarys, so it's not so problematic if those librarys get replaced first.

You have to understand here, that the system differentiates between manually installed packages (i.e. the packages which installation you directly requested yourself, i.e. chromium) and automatically installed packages, which where only installed to fulfill dependencies of manually installed packages (and dependencies of those dependencies).

For each manually installed program, the updater just looks for a newer version. Often those programs are just meta packages like "ubuntu-desktop", which contains no data, and just dependencies. New versions of dependent libraries will be pulled in, as they are requested by directly updated (manually requested) programs. The updater will always try to install the newest usable version of any dependent package (during any upgrdade not just release upgrades).

Programs which cannot function with the new library versions cannot be started during the time after the library is upgraded, and before the program itself is upgraded as well. If those programs should already be running before the library upgrade they will however continue to run, because the old library version remains in memory as long as it remains in use. Same goes for programs which were started before they get upgraded. Those will not provide new features until they are terminated and restarted.

After the update some libraries (or dependencies in general) will be orphaned. Those are libraries which were required by old program versions, but are no longer required by the new versions. Since these packages are marked as automatically installed, and since no manually installed prgram relates to them anymore these packages can easily be located and removed. You can even observe this as the last step of the update process (the updater sais "removing obsolete packages" or something similar).

Some packages will be installed, which where not installed before, those are simply new dependencies, which are marked as automatically installed, and can be removed, should the requirement for them vanish in the future.

This mechanism even allows the exchange of entire user programs. Like for example switching from Gnome2 to Unity. Since both are just automatic dependencies of ubuntu-desktop, which is one of the few packages, for which new versions are actually requested in the first place.

Programs do normally not depend on a specific version of the OS kernel, so they will normally work fine with the running kernel.

Apart from all this I suspect the Ubuntu updater throws some specific fixes and  workarounds into the mix, to circumvent situations where this theory breaks.

As you can see during the update there are very well conditions in which the system is only usable to a limited part. Should something go wrong during the update you will most likely be left with a broken system. Often even one which cannot easily be repaired, since the upgrade program can be affected as well. Remember, programs with broken dependencies can continue to function, but not be restarted, as long as the dependencies are broken, this goes for the updater as well.

You can use the command line program apt-mark to find out which packages are marked as manually installed and which have been automatically installed. You can also switch those marks using the same program. This will directly affect the update process.

In a more complex software setup the Updater will sometimes ask you to resolve a dependency manually. I.e. when one manually installed program gets updated and requests a new version of a library while another manually installed program depends on the old version of the same library and cannot work with the new one. You will then have to make your choice, either to relinquish one of those programs or to refrain from upgrading both. Since dependencies are often complex this can get very messy very fast (you might have heard of the term "dependency hell").

Now to the specific questions:

When low-level infrastructure is changed (low-level as in kernel, drivers, libraries, etc anything that a user doesn't directly interact with), what happens to the deprecated binaries?

OK... I already covered this one

What happens to an app that has been completely deprecated? For example, Unity 2D (or any other software abandoned/no maintainers whose package is not in new repo).

If the App was once manually installed it will remain in the system, often causing the dependency hell I described.

ubuntu-desktop is a metapackage that pulls default Ubuntu applications as dependencies. If I removed Firefox and installed Chrome, will Firefox still get pulled in as part of upgrades?

As long as it is the standard browser of the new Release, yes. Chromium will also be upgraded. I am not sure if you can remove Firefox without removing ubuntu-desktop. Note that apart from strict dependencies, the package system knows also the concept of recommendations, where a software will normally be installed like a dependency, but can be uninstalled later without affecting anything else but its own sole dependencies.

Moreover, what happens if a single app used to depend on package-x and no longer does so in new release; will package-x be upgraded alongside the rest of the packages despite being orphaned?

Nope.

Just ask me if you still have any more questions.


USB keyboard works in GRUB only after pressing the reset button on the case

keyboard
Confirm that the keyboard is plugged into a motherboard SYSTEM USB port, not a PCIe USB card port.
BIOS
Gigabyte GA-Z87X-UD3H
You have BIOS version F9, dated 3/19/2014.
There's a newer BIOS available, version F10b, dated 6/12/2014, for rev 1.0 motherboards, and it can be downloaded here.
Note: This is marked as a beta. Also download the F9 BIOS file, just in case you need to downgrade.
Note: Confirm that I have the correct web page for your motherboard.
Note: Have good backups before updating the BIOS.


Wireless Disconnects Intermittently with Intel Corporation Centrino Advanced-N 6205 [Taylor Peak] [8086:0085] (rev 34)

Run in terminal

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi-opt.conf <<< "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1 swcrypto=1 bt_coex_active=0 power_save=0"

and reboot.

In many cases only 11n_disable=8 is sufficient.

Explanation:

The iwlwifi Linux kernel driver supports several Intel wireless LAN adapters. The command adds the following configuration to the iwlwifi module:

11n_disable=1      Disables the 802.11n mode
11n_disable=8      Enables agg TX option
swcrypto=1         Disables hardware encryption and uses software instead.
bt_coex_active=0   Disables bluetooth coexistence technology that works poorly with iwlwifi
power_save=0       Disables the power save mode

To restart the services without rebooting to test alternative configurations:

sudo modprobe -r iwldvm iwlwifi
sudo modprobe iwldvm iwlwifi
sudo service network-manager restart

The shorthand command additionally uses a here string via the <<< operator in Bash to append these characters to the configuration file.


Well, Lyx is actually Latex in the background. Following from that is that guidelines for preparing images should be the same as for Latex.

The Lyx documentation can be found at http://wiki.lyx.org/

Specifically, the page about figures is at http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/Figures

I have to say, though, this question should be moved to https://tex.stackexchange.com/


Intermittent Successful Connection to WPA Wireless Network when Travelling

There are a couple of things you can do that help when connecting to unresponsive networks.

First, increase your retry from a conservative 7 up to somewhere between 10 or 14. Run the following command in a terminal. Assuming your wireless device is wlan0:

sudo iwconfig wlan0 retry 12

or for wlan1:

sudo iwconfig wlan1 retry 12

Then refresh network-manager:

sudo service network-manager restart

Next, make sure you have ports 67 and 68 open for DHCP traffic and ports 52 and 53 for DNS. There are many ways to accomplish this. For testing purposes, you can disable the firewall using the following command:

sudo ufw disable

You can use ufw to open these ports. See:

man ufw

Another option is to use the user friendly gui version of ufw, gufw.

To install:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gufw

gufw is pretty straightforward.

EDIT:

Finally, you may be experiencing some restrictions set by the most restrictive world regulatory domain default Ubuntu has set by default. Please be aware that using the wrong regulatory code may result in fines or punishment so only use the proper code that corresponds to the country or nation the computer is currently bieng used in and if you leave the country, you MUST change the code accordingly or use the default world regulatory domain instead which is legal and valid in all nations and countries.

For use inside Brazil ONLY!! execute the following command to apply local wireless restrictions:

sudo iw reg set BR

To make this setting permanent, you can set the regulatory domain in your /etc/default/crda file by running the following command. Again, this is for Brazil ONLY:

sudo sed -i 's/REGDOMAIN=/REGDOMAIN=BR/g' /etc/default/crda

Finally, if you ever leave the country and need to change this back to the default world regulatory domain, run the following command and then reboot:

sudo sed -i 's/REGDOMAIN=BR/REGDOMAIN=/g' /etc/default/crda

Click here for a list of codes used for other countries (US, for example, is used for United States).


Putty ssh client not working after upgrade to 17.10

Try enabling the Xorg options when logging in.
enabling Xorg options


php5 is already the newest version but in phpinfo i get 5.4

It seems that you are having php installed in two locations. You can check that with locate php and with which php you will know actually what path your current shell using.


Cant watch videos on Browser : Flash Player not installed

Please ensure that you have latest version of Mozilla Firefox running.
There are multiple ways to get Flash plugin installed on Firefox.

You can go to Software Centre > search for Flash > select the second entry on the page which is 64 bit Flash version.

Go to Youtube in Firefox and run any video. It will prompt you to Install missing plug-in since you do not yet have Flash plugin installed. Click the prompt and follow its process to enable Flash in Firefox.

Go to terminal and run this command. It will fetch Flash and other miscellaneous plug-ins for Ubuntu.
$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

Note : For details of the above methods, you may refer to this answer.

If the above two methods do not render satisfactory result for you, you can follow following instructions for manual installation of Flash.
Manual Installation :
There is a procedure of Manual Installation of Adobe Flash Player on Ubuntu, by following these steps :

Open http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/otherversions/

Choose Linux 32-bit or 64 bit (depending on your OS architecture) on Step 1

Choose Flash Player 11.2 (tar.gz) on Step 2 and download the file.

Once download is complete, right click on the flie (tar.gz) and click on "Extract here".

Launch Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T).

Go to that location where you extracted the file.

Run this command :
$ sudo mv libflashplayer.so \/usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins

Launch Mozilla Firefox and check do you have Adobe Flash Player

Credit goes to Vikram on Adobe Forums.


How to lock unity's "Show Desktop" button

I am not sure why drag and drop does not work as a permanent solution in your case, it seems for some reason the changed order does not stick via GUI.

However, you can bypass the GUI and set the Unity Launcher items order by command line directly, which should do the job if the GUI way fails.

Getting the current launcher items list

Run in a terminal:

gsettings get com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites

The output will be a list of your current launcher items, looking like:

['item1', 'item2', 'unity://desktop-icon']

Copy the list and safe it in a textfile as a backup in case anything might go wrong.

Place the show desktop icon in another position

Your show desktop mention is called:

'unity://desktop-icon'

Move it to the position you'd like to have it it in the list, and apply the new list. The changed list should look like:

['unity://desktop-icon', 'item1', 'item2']

Apply the new order

Apply the new order by the command:

gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites "['unity://desktop-icon''item2', 'item3']"

(mind the quotes around the list!)


Propably your prompt is wrong. Check echo $PS1, there should be %n which is your username. Also read and try to customize your prompt for your needs.


How does a command (i.e. grep) know when it is run as part of glob expansion?

That's the trick: command doesn't know, it's the shell that does the job

Consider for example grep 'abc' *.txt. If we run trace of system calls, you will see something like this:

bash-4.3$ strace -e trace=execve grep "abc" *.txt > /dev/null
execve("/bin/grep", ["grep", "abc", "ADDA_converters.txt", "after.txt", "altera_license.txt", "altera.txt", "ANALOG_DIGITAL_NOTES.txt", "androiddev.txt", "answer2.txt", "answer.txt", "ANSWER.txt", "ascii.txt", "askubuntu-profile.txt", "AskUbuntu_Translators.txt", "a.txt", "bash_result.txt", ...], [/* 80 vars */]) = 0
+++ exited with 0 +++

The shell expanded *.txt into all filenames in current directory that end with .txt extension. So effectively, your shell translates the grep 'abc' *.txt command into grep 'abc' file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt . . .. Thus, your second assumption is correct.

First assumption is not correct - programs have no way of detecting glob. It is possible to pass * as string argument to command, but it's the command's job to decide what to do with it then. Filename expansion, however, is property of your respective shell as I've already mentioned.

  However, this only works because grep accepts multiple files at the end. It is possible that another command would only allow 1 file to be passed in.

Exactly right ! Programs don't limit the number of acceptable command-line arguments (for instance , in C that's array of strings const char *args[] and in python sys.argv[] ), but they can detect the length of that array or whether or not something unexpected is in wrong array position.  grep doesn't do that, and accepts multiple files, which is by design.

On side note , improper quoting coupled with globbing with grep can sometimes be a problem. Consider this:

bash-4.3$ echo "one two" | strace -e trace=execve grep *est*
execve("/bin/grep", ["grep", "self_test.sh", "test.wxg"], [/* 80 vars */]) = 0
+++ exited with 1 +++

Unprepared user would expect that grep will match any line with est letters in it coming from pipe, but instead shell's filename expansion twisted everyting around. I've seen this happen a lot with people who do ps aux | grep shell_script_name.sh, and they expect to find their process running, but because they ran command from same directory where script was, shell's filename expansion made grep  command to look completely different behind the scenes from what user expected.

Proper way would be to use single quotes:

bash-4.3$ echo "one two" | strace -e trace=execve grep '*est*'
execve("/bin/grep", ["grep", "*est*"], [/* 80 vars */]) = 0
+++ exited with 1 +++


how to prevent user to go to root folder from sftp via nautilus?

Use chroot (ChrootDirectory option in sshd_config). It is well described in manual page.


did you start ubuntu kernel 5.0.0-38 generic  normally?

you have 2 kernel and i think the newest one is buggy so first
test the oldest one normal mode in advanced option, if its okay
you can uninstall new buggy kernel by

sudo dpkg --purge package name

and remove its directories give after deletion of linux kernel images
for findinf kernel depndencies packages,

dpkg -l | grep linux

then look for these

linux-headers-(kernel version)
linux-headers-(kernel version)-generic
linux-image-(kernel version)-generic
linux-modules-(kernel version)-generic
linux-modules-extra-(kernel version)-generic

remove them one by one
Note :  if you want delete new kernel you should boot system in old kernel

after complete uninstallation, run

sudo update-grub

it should work if old kernel working probably


How can I shorten the bash prompt's current path to one letter per directory?

After playing with this for a while I got the answer you require:

Add this to your .bashrc file in your home directory, exit the terminal and renter it and you will get you prompt.

PS1='$(eval "sps")$ '
sps() {
   echo "$PWD" | sed -r 's|/([^/]{,2})[^/]*|/\1|g'
}

It uses the declared function sps() to evaluate the path every time the variable PS1 which is the prompt, is displayed

ie

/ho/de/De/Ap/Ti$ pwd
/home/deth/Desktop/Apps/Tivo
/ho/de/De/Ap/Ti$

Or...if you insist on the one letter

PS1='$(eval "sps")$ '
sps() {
   echo "$PWD" | sed -r 's|/(.)[^/]*|/\1|g'
}

Which displays:

/h/d/D/A/T$ pwd
/home/deth/Desktop/Apps/Tivo
/h/d/D/A/T$


Kernel update caused same for me. I posted long note here two days ago. My advice is run the older kernel

kernel 4.18.0.11.12 trouble


Seems like your hard disk image is missing (or corrupted):

00:00:03.259 Guest Log: BIOS: Boot from Floppy 0 failed
00:00:03.259 Guest Log: BIOS: CDROM boot failure code : 0002
00:00:03.260 Guest Log: BIOS: Boot from CD-ROM failed
00:00:03.260 Guest Log: BIOS: Boot from Hard Disk 0 failed
00:00:03.260 Guest Log: BIOS: Booting from LAN...
00:00:03.583 Guest Log: BIOS: Boot from LAN failed
00:00:03.584 Guest Log: Could not read from the boot medium! System halted.
00:00:15.433 Changing the VM state from 'RUNNING' to 'SUSPENDING'.


When executing acroreader it fails with "error while loading shared libraries: libxml2.so.2: cannot open shared object file"

I resolved this issue on my 64 bits Ubuntu (13.10) using the following terminal command:
sudo apt-get install libxml2:i386 libstdc++6:i386


Solved!

You need to define --webappUrlPatterns well, to use subdomains, too. New is as below:

[Desktop Entry]
Exec=webapp-container --store-session-cookies --webappUrlPatterns=https?://*draw.io/* https://draw.io
Name=Draw.io
Type=Application


OTRS .opm package installation fails with error?

The file you're trying to upload is a little more than the 16MB that is allowed by your configuration.
You're running a pretty old OTRS version, 3.0.11. In newer versions the default value has been set to 24M.

To change it manually, go to Admin > SysConfig > Framework > Core::Web and set  WebMaxFileUpload to 24000000

Please note that you might also need to increase max_packet_size in /etc/mysql/my.cnf from 16M to 24M and restart mysql using sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart.


Per the OP's comment:

  After unsuccessfully trying various configurations, including using a
  router with a printer port, I tried a driver for the PIXMA-IP4000 and
  it works. Looks like the IP4200 driver is broken.


Nautilus odt thumbnails gone after BleachBit

After 4 hours of searching I solved the problem by installing:
libgsf-bin
and restarting nautilus.


Is it possible to run rtl8188eu in ap mode?

It is possible.

I only know the method with hostapd to create an AP.

And to use hostapd with rtl8188, you need to use a patched version of hostapd. There are several version floating around. Look for rtl8188 and raspbian and hostapd in your favorite search engine.

For example here or here

But extra step is needed to make the bridge to share internet connection.

To ease things, I recommend to use create_ap that will do it in one step. See https://github.com/oblique/create_ap


LibreOffice 4.0's menu bar is not integrated with Unity

Menubar extension is working for me, but not the lo-menubar*.deb - the guts of this package. I don't know how long it would be working. This is very ugly hack and use it at your own risk. Just check it out:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=12515508#post12515508

I'm using ubuntu 12.04, libreoffice 4.0.0 and menubar 0.1.1. I don't know if this is working in 12.10, but really want to know.


What nvidia driver do i need for Gefroce 920M and how can i install it?

You can use ubuntu-drivers package, it will install it for you.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-drivers-common
sudo ubuntu-drivers devices # this will show you information
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

Make sure to blacklist nouveau driver if installs the nvidia package.

How to disable Nouveau kernel driver


Can't use keyboard in Warcraft3 - PlayOnLinux

Why dont you try it with the regular wine? With wine 1.4 it should work perfect.

If that does not work, try to remove the .wine directory in your homefolder ( before this save your important data from there) , and start over.

Hope that helps...


grep to search word in a file and result given that word with ZIPfile name that contain that word

According to your comment the “haystack” of your search is a set of gzipped text files (based on the file name extension .gz). You can scan them with the zgrep command, a wrapper around the grep command that decompresses gzipped files on the fly and supports most of the same options as grep itself.

Thus you can simply run

zgrep -oHe 7505857289 <FILES>...

which will print the name of the source file followed by a colon and the matching character sequence for each match.

If you need a specific output format I recommend that you transform it. For matching text followed by a space and the source file name that would be:

zgrep ... | sed -re 's/^([^:]*):(.*)$/\2 \1/'