To install the 32-bit version:

wget https://dl.ngrok.com/ngrok_2.0.19_linux_386.zip
unzip ngrok_2.0.19_linux_386.zip

After that

./ngrok

and you will see this, tested on my 32-bit system.

NAME:
   ngrok - tunnel local ports to public URLs and inspect traffic

DESCRIPTION:
    ngrok exposes local networked services behinds NATs and firewalls to the
    public internet over a secure tunnel. Share local websites, build/test
    webhook consumers and self-host personal services.
    Detailed help for each command is available with 'ngrok help <command>'.
    Open http://localhost:4040 for ngrok's web interface to inspect traffic.

EXAMPLES:
    ngrok http 80                    # secure public URL for port 80 web server
    ngrok http -subdomain=baz 8080   # port 8080 available at baz.ngrok.io
    ngrok http foo.dev:80            # tunnel to host:port instead of localhost
    ngrok tcp 22                     # tunnel arbitrary TCP traffic to port 22
    ngrok tls -hostname=foo.com 443  # TLS traffic for foo.com to port 443
    ngrok start foo bar baz          # start tunnels from the configuration file

VERSION:
   2.0.19

AUTHOR:
  inconshreveable - <alan@ngrok.com>

COMMANDS:
   authtoken    save authtoken to configuration file
   credits  prints author and licensing information
   http     start an HTTP tunnel
   start    start tunnels by name from the configuration file
   tcp      start a TCP tunnel
   test     test ngrok service end-to-end
   tls      start a TLS tunnel
   update   update to the latest version
   version  print the version string
   help     Shows a list of commands or help for one command


I will post the way I did it in case someone is interested. First you need to know the id of the disk, so go to/dev/disk/by-id/ and get that. After that you need to create a new pool:

sudo zpool create zfs-pool-WD14TB /dev/disk/by-id/usb-WD_Elements_25A3_XXX-0:0

change zfs-pool-WD14TB to a name that make sense to you and use your actual disk id. Then you can specify a mount point and a dataset:

sudo zfs create -o mountpoint=/mnt/WD14TB zfs-pool-WD14TB/fs1

change mountpoint and dataset name to whatever you want.
At last change owner so that you can copy and write files:

sudo chown -R youruser:yourgroup /mnt/WD14TB

I am new to ZFS and posted what worked for me so far. In this link
you can find more info.

I have not managed so far to have the pool to automount by default. So after reboot I use:

sudo zpool import zfs-pool-WD14TB

Update 18 April 2020

At least in 20.04.RC1 the automount problem is gone. In case you did a fresh install you have to import the pool again. It will complain:

cannot import 'zfs-pool-WD14TB': pool was previously in use from another system

but using -f it will work:

sudo zpool import -f zfs-pool-WD14TB

What I am still missing is the nautilus integration for mount/unmount icon. If anyone knows how to do it, please comment or post it as an answer.


How to install firefoxdriver webdriver for python3 selenium on ubuntu?

You need to download the latest geckodriver, then untar the file and put it in your path (i.e. ~/.local/bin).

This will solve the exception but your program will be hanging after this line :

browser = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=getProfile())

The only solution I found is to downgrade Firefox.

First, list the available versions :

apt-cache policy firefox

Then install a version lower than 49 (45.0.2+build1-0ubuntu1 for me) :

sudo apt install firefox=45.0.2+build1-0ubuntu1

You could use chromium instead ...


It can be seen that you have JDK installed, but are you sure that JDK's bin directory is included in $PATH? Do a quick check with jar or javac.

As java is also present in JRE's directory(/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_04/jre/bin/) it'll show up but it cannot package new jar files. You'll be needing jar utility for that task, as in here. jar only comes in JDK's directory, so you need to include JDK's directory i.e. /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_04/bin/ to $PATH. To do that add the following line to /etc/profile or ~/.profile:

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_04/bin

then logout and retry.


Turned out I just needed to delete the hidden  ~/.Skype folder in my home directory.

Deleting the subfolder ~/.Skype/my-skype-username would also solve the issue.


I tried to upgrade my Ubuntu 14.04 to 15.04 . but the system got corrupted and now it's not opening . I fear that I might lose my data

when booting hold down Shift key to go into GRUB menu screen

Ubuntu (default)
Ubuntu advanced
memory test
memory test (other options)

From the list go into Ubuntu advanced, then pick an earlier release

If its a graphics driver issue, however you can boot up (its just perhaps a blank screen or such), once booted hit ctrl-alt-F1 to go into console where you have access to the command line.  If so this will typically give you access the the internet so any file sharing services like Dropbox will be usable


Possible to upgrade from 15.04 Unity to 15.10 Gnome?

What you want is basically a 2 part problem:

you upgrade to 15.10 with Unity.
you install gnome (and optionally remove Unity).

So it is possible to go from 15.04 Unity to 15.10 Gnome but it is not a direct method so it is not "upgrading" from 15.04 Unity to 15.10 Gnome).

It is probably quicker and smarter to do a re-install of 15.10 with Gnome. It would clean your system from anything related to Unity. Just make sure not to overwrite your personal files (I use a separate partition named /discworld for my personal files that I never format during a re-install).


Virtual box guest addition missing and can't be downloaded

Open the console, and run the following command:

sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-additions

Start the virtual machine (e.g. Windows XP)
Press Host+D (Right-Ctrl+D) to load the guest additions into your virtual machine.


I'm trying to set up a home connection from Ubuntu to Win 10

If your computers are online, you can set up a filezilla/ftp server on the windows 10 computer and download filezilla client on the ubuntu computer. Then, you can use private ip adderesses (ipconfig on windows and ifconfig in ubuntu) to connect to your laptop in the filezilla client. I used it for my school, and it just works (for me).


Ubuntu not showing upon 1st reboot after fresh dual boot install

From yr log it seems that there is a conflict between the way you installed Ubuntu (as if yr existing hw context was BIOS-MBR) alongside a Windows 8 system that is UEFI-GPT based.

Your best solution, if yr install of Ubuntu is very recent and you have not invested hours and hours of configuration in it, would be to start again fresh from yr pre-installed Windows OS.

get rid of Ubuntu
make sure that Windows boots as before. If not, backup yr most recent Windows side data and restore Windows.
boot from live Linux CD/DVD/USB drive and install Ubuntu anew, taking into consideration the fact that you are likely dealing with UEFI + Secure Boot + GPT on the preinstalled Windows' side. Many tutorials (e.g. [1],[2],[3]) can guide you through that type of installation.

You will certainly find help on AU to solve yr dual boot install trouble, but in my experience all what you need (and more in that department) is already available at ubuntuforums.org. The 3rd reference above is a good illustration of that.

HTH. Post yr feedback as a comment below if you have doubts or if you think my assumptions are misguided.


How do I fix a "Previous installation hasn't been completed." error in Software Center?

Simply install anything through the terminal, such as ccsm Using sudo apt-get install ccsm. If it fails to install, check its output. It will tell you a recommended solution, or a command to run to fix it. At most times, the command is sudo dpkg --configure -a But it varies according to the problem.


How to fix httpd: Syntax error on line 259 of /private/etc/apache2/httpd.conf: #> directive missing closing '>'

As error shows you have missed > sign on exact 259 line number of apache conf file.
You can fix it by adding it and run apachectl -k command to check configuration. You will see Syntax OK, once you have fixed error.


How to add samba to startup applications

Simply run the following command in a terminal :

sudo update-rc.d samba defaults


How to fix "Failed to download repository information" error while updating?

It sounds like you've run dpkg --add-architecture 1386 at some point. If dpkg --print-foreign-architectures shows 1386, running dpkg --remove-architecture 1386 should fix the problem.


You need the dbus-monitor

The script will look something like

#!/bin/bash

interface=org.gnome.Rhythmbox.Player
member=playingUriChanged

# listen for playingUriChanged DBus events,
# each time we enter the loop, we just got an event
# so handle the event, e.g. by printing the artist and title
# see rhythmbox-client --print-playing-format for more output options

dbus-monitor --profile "interface='$interface',member='$member'" |
while read -r line; do
  printf "Now playing: "
  rhythmbox-client --print-playing
done

Taken from stackoverflow.


Is it possible to disable a notebook's LEDs temporarily? (HDD, Power, Charging)

Some of the LEDs are hardware-only and there's no way to change their status programmatically.

The ones which can be controlled can be accessed via the sysfs virtual filesystem at /sys/class/leds/.

Whether a particular LED can be controlled programmatically or not depends on the particular hardware. For example, my desktop machine has a few LEDs but none of them seem to be controllable. I've also experimented on a couple of laptops, and, while there were a few entries under /sys/class/leds/, I wasn't able to control the status of LEDs, which means, I think, that the particular kernel driver does not allow manually controlling the LEDs, providing a read-only interface. Here's what I tried, without effect:

# cd /sys/class/leds/
# ls
ath9k-phy0
# cd ./ath9k-phy0
# ls
brightness  device  max_brightness  power  subsystem  trigger  uevent
# cat ./trigger
[none] AC-online BAT0-charging-or-full BAT0-charging BAT0-full BAT0-charging-blink-full-solid usb-gadget usb-host cpu0 cpu1 rfkill1 phy0rx phy0tx phy0assoc phy0radio phy0tpt rfkill4
# echo 'AC-online' > ./trigger
# cat ./trigger
none [AC-online] BAT0-charging-or-full BAT0-charging BAT0-full BAT0-charging-blink-full-solid usb-gadget usb-host cpu0 cpu1 rfkill1 phy0rx phy0tx phy0assoc phy0radio phy0tpt rfkill4
# echo 'none' > ./trigger
# echo 'phy0rx' > ./trigger
# echo 'none' > ./trigger
# cat ./trigger
[none] AC-online BAT0-charging-or-full BAT0-charging BAT0-full BAT0-charging-blink-full-solid usb-gadget usb-host cpu0 cpu1 rfkill1 phy0rx phy0tx phy0assoc phy0radio phy0tpt rfkill4
# cat ./brightness
0
# cat ./max_brightness
255
# echo 255 > ./brightness

Something like the above should, in theory, allow you to control those LEDs which are supported by the kernel drivers for the particular hardware. If there's no support for controlling a particular LED in the kernel, then, short of writing a kernel module, there's not much you can do.

Here's more information on the subject at superuser.

Here's the ultimate source: kernel documentation


Load new driver module (may not be necessary any longer, but does no harm either):

sudo depmod -a
sudo modprobe ndiswrapper

Add the module to /etc/modules to have it load automatically:

echo 'ndiswrapper' | sudo tee -a /etc/modules

Create alias directive:

sudo ndiswrapper -m

References:

Forums thread
http://www.pronetworks.org/forums/ndiswrapper-load-at-startup-solved-t103019.html


There is an archive of old Qt version on their website on: http://download.qt.io/official_releases/qtcreator/ or http://download.qt.io/archive/ (for older versions)

If you feel like compiling, you may download any version from github and compile it for yourself: https://github.com/qtproject/qt-creator


pdftohtml outputting low resolution background images. help?

I am not quite sure but see if your problem is due to this bug http://web.archiveorange.com/archive/v/RybTrtkbz0vNyQrK1IlX

That said what you are doing even without bugs, is fraught with potential output disasters, PDF is a complex document format usually not intended to be converted to other formats, it is principally for display and printing as is.

Text and picture extraction is easy with the same tool you mentioned without the -c switch which tries to preserve the look of the original PDF,

I would say try to convert without using the -c switch,this will likely get you good enough images but the layout may not be what you want, but maybe you could create something to fix it up. you may not have to fix anything if the PDF is simple.


clone my ubuntu from hdd to new ssd related question

dd command should works.

dd if=[Input file or Device] of=[Output file or Device] bs=[Byte Per Seconds]

dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=4m

where sda is for old hard disk and sdb is your new SSD.

dd command copy byte by byte from an storage to new storage.


This problem is usually caused by not being root.

You can solve this by running sudo apt-get update.


How to allow execution without prompting for password using sudo?

You need to do the following, on the terminal type sudo visudo and add a line like this at the end of the file specifying the commands you want to run without typing the sudo password (I suggest you use each command you want to use in the program and not just allow all programs to be executed by this)

<yourusername> ALL=NOPASSWD: <command1>, <command2>

Now you can run the specified commands without password as long as you type that command with sudo.

ie: lets say you want to run shutdown -r now without having to type sudo password every time and your username is 'joedoe'

type sudo visudo on a terminal
Add joedoe ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/shutdown -r now as a new line at the end of the file, use absolute paths to the program you are trying to use.
on your program you can then use sudo shutdown -r now without having to type the sudo password.

You can find the absolute path to a program by using which <program name> on a terminal.

Its a very dirty trick wish leaves your system open for other dangers but I am guessing you know what you are doing and want this.

  Edit

You really need to make sure that the permitions you are setting are at the end of the file so that nothing is overwritten by the groups permissions.


Virtualization of Windows on Ubuntu 11.10 64 bit

At least for the time being, Virtualbox is the best solution to virtualize Windows desktops. It has support for 3D and 2D acceleration which improves the user experience. It also has easy support for USB. I also think the configuration GUI is a little bit more user friendly than virt-manager, though that's a nice GUI as well.

I've been told that we'll get SPICE in 12.04, and that may change things, but for now, go with Virtualbox.


How do i relocate on my ubuntu moveable directories /var and /usr?

Since you say you don't want to move your partitions, you can do this from a live CD:

Mount your root and home partitions (which I'm assuming are /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2 respectively; check using GParted to make sure) and cd to your install's root:

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/home
cd /mnt

Move the directories where you want them (on /home, as you said):

sudo mkdir -p home/outside_stuff
sudo mv var usr home/outside_stuff

Now, you have two options here. Choose one or the other:

Use symlinks. This is the easiest method, but it isn't as robust:

sudo ln -s home/outside_stuff/* .

Bind mount the directories:

Create your mount points:

sudo mkdir -p var usr

Add the following to /etc/fstab:

/home/outside_stuff/var /var none bind
/home/outside_stuff/usr /usr none bind

chroot to your system and test it:

for i in sys proc dev; do sudo mount --bind "/$i" "/mnt/$i"; done
sudo chroot /mnt
mount -a    # hopefully there'll be no errors
mount       # you should see entries for /var and /dev
exit

Reboot:

sudo reboot


Unfortunately, by default, unclutter's startup configuration affects all users, and is in this file:

/etc/default/unclutter

I suggest you set:

START_UNCLUTTER="false"

and then configure your personal preference in Startup Applications.

Alternatively, you can leave START_UNCLUTTER set to true, and set EXTRA_OPTS to your preference, but be warned that this will affect all users of the system, which is almost always undesirable for multi-user systems, and may cause the kind of confusion as in this question.


Stream sound card output to icecast2 via darkice

In the darkice configuration file (see example in /usr/share/doc/darkice/examples) we define the sound device in the following section:

[input]
device          = <device>

For ALSA we may give the sound card and the subdevice with the ALSA syntax hw:1,0 for card 1, subdevice 0. See your card specifications with:

aplay -l

Usually however you will have defined a default device. It is therefore worth to try with the following entries:

device = default
device = pulse # in case we have pulseaudio running.

See also:

How do I setup an Icecast server for broadcasting audio in my network?


expr does not support floating-point numbers:

  Operands are either integers or strings. Integers consist of one or
  more decimal digits, with an optional leading ‘-’. expr converts
  anything appearing in an operand position to an integer or a string
  depending on the operation being applied to it.

And:

  expr first tries to convert both arguments to integers and do a
  numeric comparison; if either conversion fails, it does a
  lexicographic comparison using the character collating sequence
  specified by the LC_COLLATE locale.

If you want to compare floats, use something like bc (which uses the "0 is false, 1 is true" convention):

expr1 < expr2
      The result is 1 if expr1 is strictly less than expr2.

So:

$ bc <<< '(916.1 < 1024)'
1
$ if [ "$(bc <<< '(916.1 < 1024)')" -eq 1 ]; then echo yes; else echo no; fi
yes


New Windows user need help installIng Ubuntu

Download the latest ISO from here.
Download and run this program.
Select the appropriate options, and burn the ISO to a USB stick
Open Disk Management, and shrink your main partition by how much you want to leave for Ubuntu. Leave it as unallocated.
Reboot, and boot from the USB stick instead of the hard disk.
Wait for it to boot, and follow the prompts to install. If you select "install alongside Windows", it should automatically install the the unallocated space you created earlier.


Just disable the "Image Checksum" plugin if you don't want Brasero to write the .md5 file on the disc.

For the DVD-Video, I've never tried this but you could make an ISO using genisoimage and then burn it.

genisoimage -dvd-video -udf -o iso_file.iso folder

Where "folder" is the folder containing the VIDEO_TS/AUDIO_TS directories and iso_file.iso is the ISO that you will burn.
As I said I've never tried this before, so try this ISO file first using VLC. If VLC loads the ISO correctly you should burn it without problems.


It is simple just click on your wifi icon and then create a new wifi network.
Put name and password.

But it only works if your laptop is connect to a dongle or a wired connection.


Chromecast "Audio" not found by pulseaudio-dlna on 16.04

I was able to resolve this issue by resetting the router that was between my primary router and the computers that were failing to connect to the Chromecast Audio with pulseaudio-dlna.  Some setting in the router (other than firewall) must have conflicted with pulseaudio-dlna.

That said, there is something in pulseaudo-dlna that operates differently than Google Chrome's casting plug-in and mkchromecast.  Both of those worked under the old router setup.

Also, it may be notable that mkchromecast did not work with pulseaudio-dlna installed.  So there may be more than one conflict.

[My primary problem now is major lag that seems to grow from about 2 seconds at the start of listening to Pandora/Pithos, to about 25 seconds after about an hour of listening.]


How do I get the media keys on an Asus k53br working?

If the kernel recognises your keys you should be able to set them. I had a similar problem (with a different laptop) and was lucky and managed to set them The information you want is probably here at the Ubuntu help pages, but this is a run-through of what I did thanks in part to that help page.

Before pressing the keys open up gnome-system-log or run

tail -f /var/log/kern.log

When you press the keys, the kernel should give an indication if they are recognised and will report something like the keys are not set and so give you a scancode:

Use 'setkeycodes e074 <keycode>' to make it known

Now check your free keycodes that you can associate it with by entering

sudo dumpkeys | grep ^keycode

Usually it's best to use a high number so as not to mess up any existing keycodes. To temporarily set the key use the value the kernel gave you and a high keycode value such as 131:

sudo setkeycodes e074 131

Now, if you are lucky a keysym will have automatically been assigned and you will now be able to use the button (for this session) and it will be available to set in your keyboard shortcuts program.

To make the setting permanent and so it sets it every time you reboot, add the entry to /etc/rc.local before the exit 0. Use sudo nano -w /etc/rc.local and add, for example,

setkeycodes e074 131

Replace my examples with your own settings at all stages in the above process.

If the keysym has not been set, you need to go through the process detailed at the Ubuntu help page. It is quite a long process so I can't repeat it all here, but the section begins at 3. Assigning X keysyms


Map the Right Alt to Right Control in Xubuntu

Seems this has been changed to the ctrl:ralt_rctrl option, but the documentation in the base.lst file has not been updated. So try that. Not sure where to file the bug report for this.


It looks like the ppa:costamagnagianfranco PPA is no longer active or at least didn't work for me.

Instead there is a PPA available for a lot of GNU libraries at https://launchpad.net/~dns/+archive/ubuntu/gnu

For example this allowed me to install Autoconf 2.69 on Travis:

before_script:
  - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:dns/gnu -y
  - sudo apt-get update -q
  - sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade autoconf


Ctrl-Alt-F1 Unavailable after removing python3

If friendlier options fail, you can try:

Boot a live USB.
Open a terminal and mount the partition where ubuntu lives:

sudo mount /dev/sdX /mnt

Chroot to your system:

sudo chroot /mnt

Now in the root environment it's possible you have to edit /etc/resolv.conf:

nano /etc/resolv.conf

add

nameserver 8.8.8.8

and save the file
Run sudo apt update
Run sudo apt install python3
Close your live system and reboot.


Why are embedded flash videos (like youtube) so heavy on the GPU?

This is probably related to the implementation of Adobe Flash (in Ubuntu, or even in general); while the video codecs used by youtube are standardized, how they are implemented is up to Adobe and it may well be a poor implementation and/or one that uses the GPU excessively.

Compared to that, most Linux/Ubuntu video apps use the FFmpeg/libavcodec open-source codecs to decode video, and they generally do a pretty good job -- in your case, apparently better than the proprietary Flash!

Alternately, you can always give Flash a chance by disabling hardware acceleration (the graphs in the question show that SMPlayer is using software decoding). Full-screen the flash video (it's a bug), right-click, go to Settings and disable:


Ubuntu 14.04 to 16.04 upgrade got interrupted

In my case it was caused by "A previous upgrade which didn't complete".

Choosing Partial Upgrade installed the 16.04 upgrade for me.


Damaged SD card (badly unmounted?) How to fix?

It looks like the card has been damaged due to premature removal. The messages indicate either a controller failure in the card or bad blocks. The latter may be recoverable. Try this to recover:

Insert card
Unmount it with umount /dev/mmc0 (or with whatever the drive is mounted as)
fsck -v /dev/mmc0
mount it

If this doesn't help, you have to reformat with mkfs.
If the card is still unusable, the controller has probably been damaged in hardware beyond recovery.


Keyboard and TouchPad not working after boot

Figured it out: I logged in via console (CTRL + ALT + F1) and then I could login and re-install libinput.


How to let the browser prefer IPv6 over IPv4?

It is not the browsers preferring any of the options, it's the operating system.
The standard defines the priorities roughly like this:

ipv6
ipv4
6to4-Traffic

You can change this by editing the label/precedence blocks in /etc/gai.conf (gai stands for getaddrinfo, the standard system call for resolving host names).

A detailed explanation on gai.conf can be found in the man page

This, by the way, also explains Jonathon's experience that the SiXXS tunnel was preferred over 6to4.


It looks like graphics card malfunction, possibly due to overheating. It can be operating system dependent - just Windows driver manages GPU fan(s) better than Linux one. It also may be faulty driver - it is not uncommon in a Linux world. Please add more details about your hardware - what GPU chip do you use, is any proprietary drivers available in Additional Drivers etc.


Problem with graphics after suspend on GMA500

It seems solved at

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupportComponentsVideoCardsPoulsbo/ .

Please see option 1 and 2 if issue is common or subject Fix suspend.


Weird pixel errors in the corners of my screen

Appearently this is an issue with my graphics card and the slightly rounded corners of the elementary interface. There is a bug report here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/elementaryos/+bug/1437468
And a workaround has been proposed here:
http://www.reddit.com/r/elementaryos/comments/3aj5hi/there_will_be_4_white_dots_at_corner_after_i_wake/
This won't fix the glitch, but it will disable the rounded corners.

Instructions:

  It's not releated to hot corners. It is a problem with your graphic
  card and the rounded corner mask. You can disable it with d-conf in
  "org.pantheon.desktop.gala.mask-corners"

I used dconf-editor for this.


You can install alsa-utils from Ubuntu Repository easily without compiling.

sudo apt-get install linux-sound-base alsa-firmware-loaders alsa-oss alsa-source alsa-tools alsa-tools-gui alsa-utils alsamixergui alsaplayer-alsa alsaplayer-common alsaplayer-daemon alsaplayer-esd alsaplayer-gtk alsaplayer-jack alsaplayer-nas alsaplayer-oss alsaplayer-text alsaplayer-xosd libsox-fmt-alsa alsa-base


Is there a difference between free software and open source software?

The terms free software and open source software do mean different things, though the categories of software they refer to are almost exactly the same.
What is free software?
Free software is defined in terms of freedom (not price), and is not the same thing as freeware. The idea is that there are certain freedoms on the part of users that free software respects (but which non-free software, also called proprietary software, does not respect). This includes the freedom to use and study the software, as well as to distribute and improve it.
The Free Software Foundation is an advocacy and activist organization for free software, funds and otherwise supports the GNU project (which develops a significant fraction of the software that goes into GNU/Linux distributions such as Ubuntu) and is the organizational author of many of the most popular free software licenses including the GNU General Public License. The FSF defines free software as software that respects the four freedoms, which I quote here [linkifications mine]:
(0) The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).
(1) The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
(2) The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2).
(3) The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
Another useful and important source about what does and does not constitute free software is the Debian Free Software Guidelines (from the Debian project, the GNU/Linux distribution from which Ubuntu is derived, see also this article).
One need not subscribe to any particular ideology to use and advocate for free software. But the ideological basis of free software is the idea that these freedoms are inherently good (or at least good for important political reasons external to technical questions of software quality and profitability), that people have the obligation to respect these freedoms, and that software should be judged in significant part by whether or not it respects these freedoms. Not all users of free software are adamant about these freedoms, and some believe in their importance but only to a limited extent, but many users are dedicated to them, and comprise the free software movement.
What is Open Source?
Some proponents of free software thought it was good for other reasons -- specifically, the idea that, because of the way freedom facilitates collaboration, free software has an advantage over proprietary software and often tends to be technically superior. Some thought that freedom is inherently important but not as important as developing technically good software, or that freedom is as important or more important than developing technically good software but that it was important to advocate for the adoption of free software on other grounds in order to be effective.
Thus, the open source movement was born. One of the ideas that went into this movement is the notion that advocacy targeted at businesses should emphasize the technical merits and profitability of open (free) development models, rather than talking about ethical or political issues. The Open Source Initiative was formed as an advocacy organization for the open source movement and to identify and formally approve licenses as open source. The OSI's Open Source Definition is based directly on the Debian Free Software Guidelines, which should be no surprise, as the actual category of software that is considered free is almost exactly the same as the actual category of software that is considered open source.
The old Open Source Initiative FAQ expresses both the substantial similarities and differing viewpoints between free software and open source ideologies:

The Open Source Initiative is a marketing program for free software. It's a pitch for "free software" on solid pragmatic grounds rather than ideological tub-thumping. The winning substance has not changed, the losing attitude and symbolism have.

How do the ideologies of free software and open source compare/contrast in practice?
While the ideologies behind free software and open source software are different--or are at least stated quite differently -- identifying specifically how the terms differ as they are practically used in communities is a bit more complicated. Since they refer to almost exactly the same category of software, people tend to choose whichever term they think is best, whether that be for reasons of clarity, ideology, social approval, habit, or other reasons. Furthermore, while free software and open source ideologies are distinct, there are also viewpoints that seem to bridge the two, or at least to blur where one ends and the other begins. For example, in his foreword to the paperback compendium edition of Eric S. Raymond's The Cathedral and the Bazaar (ISBN 0-596-00108-8), Bob Young wrote:

Freedom is not an abstract concept in business.
The success of any industry is almost directly related to the degree of freedom the suppliers and the customers of that industry enjoy. Just compare the innovation in the U.S. telephone business since AT&T lost its monopoly control over American consumers with the previously slow pace of innovation when those customers had no freedom to choose.

This arguably does not make direct reference to ethical and political issues. But consider one of the somewhat similar considerations cited by Peruvian Congressman Edgar Villanueva in explaining his push for the the state to use free rather than proprietary software (English translation by Graham Seaman, also hosted here, with original here):

In respect of the jobs generated by proprietary software in countries like ours, these mainly concern technical tasks of little aggregate value; at the local level, the technicians who provide support for proprietary software produced by transnational companies do not have the possibility of fixing bugs, not necessarily for lack of technical capability or of talent, but because they do not have access to the source code to fix it. With free software one creates more technically qualified employment and a framework of free competence where success is only tied to the ability to offer good technical support and quality of service, one stimulates the market, and one increases the shared fund of knowledge, opening up alternatives to generate services of greater total value and a higher quality level, to the benefit of all involved: producers, service organizations, and consumers.

Since the practical consequences of adopting free software include political and moral ramifications (in this case, Villanueva argues, the intellectual and economic empowerment of the Peruvian people), there is some overlap in free software and open source thinking (as well as almost complete overlap in software recommendations).
One of the initial, explicit goals of the open source movement was de-emphasizing explicitly pro-liberty advocacy, as articulated early in this article:

The implication of this label is that we intend to convince the corporate world to adopt our way for economic, self-interested, non-ideological reasons.

But another original motivating reason for adopting an alternative term was the idea that the term open source was less confusing than the term free software, since the English word "free" can also mean "gratis," i.e., "having a price of zero". See this foundational essay. That attracted some people who were themselves more drawn to free software for ethical or political reasons than out of the belief that it was a better development model or business model, but who agreed that the term "free software" was lacking and ought to be replaced. While this term has proven confusing, the term "open source" has proven confusing as well, and Richard Stallman (founder of the Free Software Foundation) has argued that the term "open source" is inherently more confusing and less adequately descriptive.
What term should I use?
As I (start to) write this, there are five answers already posted to this question. Two of them (this and this) are basically correct in their characterizations of open source, and one of them is basically correct in its characterization of free software and another one almost correct. (Please note that these answers may have been edited, so this should not be taken as judgment of them in their present state.) While I admit that the sampling here is hardly conclusive, I would suggest that each of us should use whichever term s/he prefers for reasons other than clarity, since both terms are surrounded by substantial confusion.
For situations where it is desirable to refer simultaneously to the (already overlapping) concepts of free software and open source software, there exist the synonymous terms F/OSS (Free / Open Source Software), FOSS (Free [and] Open Source Software) and FLOSS (Free / Libre / Open Source Software). See this article on those terms, as well as this article on the more general topic of alternative terms for free software.
Is there free software that is not open source?
Probably not. Going by the Free Software Definition and the Open Source Definition, freedom 0 probably requires OSD criteria 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10; freedom 1 requires OSD criterion 2 (and possibly 7); freedom 2 probably requires OSD criteria 1, 7, 8, and 9; and freedom 3 probably requires OSD criteria 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, and 10.
Is there open source software that is not free?
Going by the definitions, yes, because with the exception of the requirement to provide source code, the Open Source Definition concerns itself only with what a license may require. In contrast, as per the Free Software Definition, for software to be free it must actually be possible to exercise the four freedoms.
Practically speaking, the vast majority of open source software is also free software. However, the phenomenon of tivoization renders some open-source software non-free, at least in practice. When software is designed to run on a particular device, and that device is designed to prevent modified versions from actually working, users are not able to exercise freedom 1.
The relatively recent issue of devices running open source software that is in practice not free has reignited disagreement between proponents of open source and free software concepts. The open source movement touts FOSS's technical merits. But what about when software's functionality is not actually under the control of its user? Richard Stallman writes [ellipsis mine]:

Under pressure from the movie and record companies, software for individuals to use is increasingly designed specifically to restrict them. This malicious feature....is the antithesis in spirit of the freedom that free software aims to provide. And not just in spirit: since the goal of DRM is to trample your freedom, DRM developers try to make it hard, impossible, or even illegal for you to change the software that implements the DRM.
Yet some open source supporters have proposed “open source DRM” software. Their idea is that, by publishing the source code of programs designed to restrict your access to encrypted media and by allowing others to change it, they will produce more powerful and reliable software for restricting users like you. The software would then be delivered to you in devices that do not allow you to change it.
This software might be open source and use the open source development model, but it won't be free software since it won't respect the freedom of the users that actually run it.

There are divergent ideas about precisely what freedoms software must respect in practice in order to be free. But disputes over whether or not tivoization makes software non-free are still disputes about freedom. For example, Linus Torvalds thinks tivoization (a term he dislikes) of Linux should not be prohibited, but this is out of the belief that it does not actually prevent people from freely using the software (on another device).
How do free software and open source apply to Ubuntu?
Most of the software in Ubuntu is free software and open source software. A fraction of the software in Ubuntu is neither. (None is one but not the other.) The Ubuntu project aims to produce a system that is as free as possible while still fully usable by as many users as possible.
When you install Ubuntu, you are given the option to install non-free software to perform functionality like playing MP3 files. In Ubuntu, Additional Drivers suggests and facilitates installation of non-free drivers for some devices like video and network cards. Non-free software (like Adobe Flash and Skype) is also available in the multiverse and partner repositories. Furthermore, depending on one's definition of "includes," Ubuntu might be considered to include non-free software in that the Software Center provides the ability to install proprietary payware.
While these and other factors render Ubuntu (and most other highly popular GNU/Linux distributions) not completely free, and arguably there are distributions that are more thoroughly free, Ubuntu and its community have brought free software--and support for it--to thousands (if not millions) of people who would otherwise likely never have used it, and has contributed positively to the spread of free software around the world, and to people's ability to use free software in their own language. The Ubuntu philosophy is stated in terms of freedom and in terms of users' capabilities:

We believe that every computer user:

Should have the freedom to download, run, copy, distribute, study, share, change and improve their software for any purpose, without paying licensing fees.
Should be able to use their software in the language of their choice.
Should be able to use all software regardless of disability.

Our philosophy is reflected in the software we produce, the way we distribute it and our licensing terms, too - Ubuntu Licence Policy.
Install Ubuntu and you can rest assured that all our software meets these ideals. Plus, we are continually working to ensure that every piece of software you could possibly need is available under a licence that gives you those freedoms.

It then goes on to discuss and praise both the free software and open source movements and to say:

Although some people regard ‘free’ and ‘open source' as competing movements with different ends, we do not. Ubuntu proudly includes members who identify with both.

Whether you consider your goals to be aligned with free software, with open source, with both, or even with neither, you are encouraged to use Ubuntu if it serves your needs. And so long as you are willing to practice humanity toward others by following the code of conduct, you are encouraged to participate in the Ubuntu community!


systemctl enable Failed to issue method call: Bad message

Your tags say Ubuntu 14.04 so you should have run those commands like so:

sudo systemctl enable tomcat ==> sudo update-rc.d enable tomcat
sudo systemctl status tomcat ==> sudo service tomcat status

That's the way it's done on Ubuntu 14.04, systemd is used by Ubuntu 15.04 and above.

See:

man update-rc.d

man service


How to autostart programs (Chrome, LibreOffice) with a system, but in background?

LibreOffice (v 3.5.7.2)

How to: preload when system starts, allow user to i.e. close Calc and open Writer without starting LibreOffice each time (it will be awake at the background) and make LibreOffice shortcuts as one icon on system bar. Names may differ since I've done translation from Polish version:

  Run any LibreOffice program and look at the menu -> Tools -> Options -> LibreOffice -> Memory

  -> tick (lowest option - like) Enable quick starting on system bar.

Memory: (for me) it takes 20MB before starting specific program, then it takes (for graphics, by default) 20MB more (or amount set at the same ^ settings section). May be more depending on (at least) the document.

In Ubuntu 17.10 and newer, you'll need to install libreoffice-systray to enable this option, which has been moved to the "LibreOffice Quickstarter" preference in the General section:

sudo apt install libreoffice-systray


Wireless hardware switch turned off, probably because Airplane Mode stuck turned on

Please consult the manual that can be downloaded here: https://www.msi.com/Notebook/support/U230.html#down-manual The key combination for wireless is Fn+F8. I hope it will enable your wireless.


VirtualBox drive does not expand automatically

By using GParted i simply copied the partition i wanted to resize and pasted it into the unallocated partition and resized it. It started copying the partition over and problem was solved.

Since i have already done this i am unable to viualize by screenshots, but there is an copy and paste function when you right click on a partition, so the procedure is simply:

Right click on the partition you wish to expand and click on Copy
Right click on the unallocated partition and click Paste.
A screen should popup where you can set the new size
GParted will start copying the partition into the new resized partition
Test the new partition before deleting the old one.

An image of the right click menu:

As you can see on the image above /dev/sda1 is the old partition that was too small. The new partition which i am booting from currently is /dev/sda3.

If you delete your old partition, you will need to install grub in the new one (no, it isn't copied together with your data). Boot with a live CD and run the following commands:

sudo mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda


An alias is a shorthand for a command or something that ultimately evaluates to a command. It cannot be used like a variable, which can be used as anything, but has specific syntax. For example, the following creates a variable and uses it:

example='/home/user/directory/'
ls "$example"/file

A variable is evaluated using $. Always remember to enclose your variables in quotes ("") - this helps prevent against unexpected results when your variable contains spaces or special characters, like *.


I'd suggest you convert your system to Lubuntu, as your computer's specs aren't very good for running the full Ubuntu Unity desktop.

Lubuntu is the lightweight variant of Ubuntu, using LXDE as the default desktop. You can convert your system to Lubuntu by running this in a terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop

Afterwards, reboot, and you should end up with a different login screen and UI, but the same preferences across your applications.


Rhythmbox can't organize artist/title from file names

check this answer on launchpad. I didn't write here since its very long.


Since Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx), Skype is part of the Canonical partner repository. To install Skype add the Canonical Partner Repository. You can do this by running the command

Open a Terminal by e.g pressing Ctrl+Alt+T, then type:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ $(lsb_release -sc) partner"

It will ask for your user password.

Then install Skype via the Software-Center or via the Terminal.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install skype


How to I get a USB keyboard to work with GRUB on Ubuntu 20.04?

To solve this problem I updated the bios from v2.00 to v2.50 but I don't think that made any difference.  With the newer bios, I found that if I pressed a key (I used the escape key) just after the numlock light comes on, but before the post beep then the keyboard usually works in Grub.  There is some timing with the keypress, but I got used to it fairly quickly.  If you press the key after the post boot then the keyboard won't work until the OS boots up.  It's not the best solution, but it's better than plugging and unplugging a USB key.  I think the keypress causes the USB device to be used so it initializes correctly.
I am posting this so that anyone with a similar problem will know where to look.
The motherboard is a MSI TRX40 Pro Wifi, but I suspect it isn't specific to this brand or this model.  The CPU is a AMD 3960X.


sed/awk make lines starting with lower characters be merged to previous line

bash builtins is the quickest way :-)

declare -a A
mapfile -t A <inputFile
for line in "${A[@]}"
do
  if [ -n "${line}" ]
  then
     if [ "${line}" = "${line^}" ]
     then
         echo -en "\n${line} "
     else
         echo -n "${line} "
     fi
 else
    echo "" # newline, because input line was empty
  fi
done


SD card slot inexplicably stops being recognized

Per the suggestion of @mbeyss I found the card reader under PCI (lspci) and it is reported as:

02:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS5227 PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01)

In this answer I found some modprobe commands which purport to reload the drivers.  But when I try to "modprobe -r" the rtsx_pci module, I get the error:

modprobe: FATAL: Module rtsx_pci is in use.

Funny, I thought modprobe was supposed to figure out dependencies for me automatically.  I found this thread; lsmod reports these modules:

rtsx_pci_ms            20480  0
memstick               16384  1 rtsx_pci_ms
rtsx_pci_sdmmc         24576  0
rtsx_pci               65536  2 rtsx_pci_sdmmc,rtsx_pci_ms

So I ran the following commands:

sudo modprobe -r rtsx_pci_sdmmc rtsx_pci_ms memstick rtsx_pci
sudo modprobe rtsx_pci

Now, if I run this without an SD card in the slot, when I subsequently insert a card it is not recognized, no messages show up in dmesg, etc.  Why the card is not subsequently recognized is an open question.  But if the card is in the slot when I run this, the card is immediately recognized and I get the popup asking me what I want to do with the card.


How can I load the `vsftpd` daemon at system-boot, but have it "start" in a "stopped" state?

The answer to this may depend on which version of Ubuntu you are running. On version 10.10 (and maybe version 10.04) which uses upstart you can edit the /etc/init/vsftpd.conf file and comment out the two lines involved with starting vsftpd as so:

#start on (filesystem
#        and net-device-up IFACE!=lo)

The # at the beginning of the lines indicates a comment and will deactivate starting vsftpd on startup.

When you are ready to start vsftpd, you can simply type:

sudo start vsftpd

at a command prompt to start vsftpd. To stop you would use:

sudo stop vsftpd

I hope this is helpful!


Installing phpmyadmin on php7 : Ubuntu 14.04

I've successfully installed phpMyadmin on ubuntu 14.04 with php7 using this PPA :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nijel/phpmyadmin
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin

Note: this solution was tested witn Apache web server.


Creating script to report system suspend or awake is not running?

Copy your script to:
/lib/systemd/system-sleep/sleep_mode

You will need to use sudo powers. After copying flag it as executable:
sudo chmod +x /lib/systemd/system-sleep/sleep_mode

Additionally change all occurrences of:
echo "%s

to:
echo "s

The percent sign is unnecessary.
The existing date command is OK:
date +%s >>  /tmp/suspend_time.txt

However it is formatted as number of seconds since January 1, 1970 which isn't the most readable date format.

case statement
The case statement can be changed:
case $1/$2 in
  pre/*)
    echo "$0: Going to $2..."
    # Place your pre suspend commands here, or `exit 0` if no pre suspend action required
    ;;
  post/*)
    echo "$0: Waking up from $2..."
    # Place your post suspend (resume) commands here, or `exit 0` if no pre suspend action required
    ;;
esac


Some funny directories appeared in my home folder!

Those are part of the desktop installation. The desktop home looks like this:

Old image from the web. The www and node directories are extra in the image

Some extra information that might help pin point where it came from. The directories created are probably from

cat /etc/xdg/user-dirs.defaults

# Default settings for user directories
#
# The values are relative pathnames from the home directory and
# will be translated on a per-path-element basis into the users locale
DESKTOP=Desktop
DOWNLOAD=Downloads
TEMPLATES=Templates
PUBLICSHARE=Public
DOCUMENTS=Documents
MUSIC=Music
PICTURES=Pictures
VIDEOS=Videos
# Another alternative is:
#MUSIC=Documents/Music
#PICTURES=Documents/Pictures
#VIDEOS=Documents/Videos

More info on freedesktop.org

Unless you actually installed gnome desktop on that server (but I bet you'd remember that) you might have touched a package with xdg in the name.


Dhcpd: I have 2 Linux Ubuntu Servers running DHCP. Is it possible to install a 3rd DHCP server (which will run Windows Server)?

You can use multiple DHCP servers in the same network segment as long as they are each aware of the address ranges / scope being used and that overlaps are managed properly.


You see random characters when trying to read the text document back in Microsoft's Notepad, right?

Did you trying reading it back from Ubuntu? (if this works, then it's probably Notepad's fault) If you can't check from Ubuntu, try installing Notepad++ in Windows, and reading your text document with it.

As a general rule, I would recommend avoiding Microsoft's Notepad in Windows, and using a more serious alternative, Notepad2 or Notepad++ for instance. (Notepad2 is easier to get into, but replaces Microsoft's Notepad in Windows' menus) It will save you from a lot of pain when being in non Windows-only environments.


Cannot get AP list using TL-WN725N wifi adapter

So, just in case anyone else runs into this:
While waiting for an answer to this question, I happened to need to restart my Windows 10 machine on which this virtual Ubuntu machine is located.
After restarting, and rebooting the virtual machine, as well as disconnecting and reconnecting the USB device from/to the virtual machine, the device worked and found my access point as expected!


Boot the system with an Ubuntu live USB or DVD and try to switch to rescue mode. In rescue mode you will be asked if similar steps should be followed, which need to be followed in the installation. Once you get the # prompt, type the following command:

chmod /mnt/sysImage
Edit the grub.conf file and remove the passwd line from the file. Save the file and exit.
Once your machine reboots, you will be able to start your Ubuntu in the usual manner.


The problem:

openssh-server : Depends: openssh-client (= 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu1) but 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2 is installed.

Try running:

sudo aptitude install openssh-client=1:6.6p1-2ubuntu1

This reverts to this version

Then I did this:

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

Then the ssh localhost worked.


Your test if [ "find /location/sub/int/ -size +1G" ] doesn't work the way you intend because it tests the non-emptiness of the string "find /location/sub/int/ -size +1G" - which will always be true. In any case, the redirection > /location/sub/int/large_file_audit.txt will not magically pick up the standard output of the preceding command, so will always create an empty file.

Perhaps the closest to your intent in Bash would be to put the results of find into an array, and then test whether it has any elements:

mapfile -t files < <(find /location/sub/int/ -size +1G)

if (( ${#files[@] > 0 )); then
  printf '%s\n' "${files[@]}" > /location/sub/int/large_file_audit.txt
fi

This won't gracefully handle filenames containing newlines - with newer versions of bash, you could make the find and mapfile null-delimited, but there's not much benefit if you're outputting them as a newline-delimited list anyhow.


Add packages to Ubuntu Distro installation

I think it would be better if you make all the changes you want on one computer then make a system image of it and apply it to the other 29 computers. I suggest you use CloneZilla.


What you could try is changing all your entries in /etc/apt/sources.list to precise, like this

deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse

then run:

sudo apt-get remove subversion
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install subversion

If the install of subversion 1.6 works out for you, then you'll want to revert your sources.list, and to lock subversion at 1.6 you run echo subversion hold | sudo dpkg --set-selections

This type of installation is not highly recommended, but sometimes it's the easiest option. If it runs into all kinds of crazy conflicts, then you're other best option is to just switch back to Ubuntu 12.04.


Is there a keyboard shortcut for safely closing a responsive application Ubuntu 14.04?

There are actually two CMD + Q alternatives for Ubuntu. One is very similar to CMD + Q: ctrl + Q. This doesn't work on all programs, however, so you'll probably be better off using ALT + F4.


iball 3.75G-72 connect mobile broadband USB modem not detected in Ubuntu 12.04. how to detect that modem?

sudo modprobe usbserial vendor=0x1c9e product=0x9605

Above is the code you should run to use your iBall 3.5G Modem, shame on iBall developers on saying no for something so simple.

It works, just you just have to run this command every time you start your computer

Don't forget to setup network connection before using it.


Uninstalling an app called Menu Editor and other related apps to menu editor

Force remove and reinstall Menu Editor app.
sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq menulibre
sudo apt install menulibre

The "New Launcher" menu entries in the Dash were put there by the Menu Editor app (menulibre) from the default Ubuntu repositories. They can be removed by selecting the launcher in Menu Editor and clicking  Delete on the Menu Editor toolbar as shown in the below screenshot. You can open Menu Editor from the terminal by typing menulibre or by clicking Menu Editor's icon in the Dash which is marked by a red arrow in the screenshot in your question.
Since you have created 7 "New Launcher" menu entries in the Dash with Menu Editor you must search in all the categories in the left pane of Menu Editor until you find every "New Launcher" entry and then delete each "New Launcher" entry by clicking the trash can icon one by one.

Search for the Menu Editor app in the Software app and uninstall it by clicking the  Remove  button. You can also uninstall it from the terminal:
sudo apt remove menulibre


I cannot speak to your specific cloud service, but you might be able to achieve your desired result with rsync. I have used this to sync directories in a master/slave configuration between computers, and I imagine that this could be extended pretty easily.


Without more details about your system, I really can't help you with what to remove.

Plus, they're your files and thus you'd have to make the final decision about what to do with the space anyways (deleting files, etc.)

What I can do, however, is show you a quick way to get a graphical breakdown of all of your files and the space they're taking.

Open the Unity dash by clicking the Ubuntu logo with the swirly things:

or by pressing the Windows/Super key.

Once the dash is open, just type in Disk Usage and select Disk Usage Analyzer:

Note, your icon will look a little different - I've got the Numix Circle icon theme. Just click on the application titled Disk Usage Analyzer.

Once it's open, you should see a window that looks similar to this one:

It lists all files & folders on the left from largest to smallest, as well as a graphical visualization of it on the right.

Have a poke around in this tool, it's very useful for finding stuff that's taking up space.

Beyond manually clearing up space, you can try running the following commands to try and clear up some space that's being used by unneeded packages:

sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean

Then, try installing Ubuntu Tweak. It's has a "Janitor" feature that will clean up old an unused files for you:


How to set up a bootable Truecrypt USB with Ubuntu on it?

Install Ubuntu on the flash drive and then use Truecrypt inside Ubuntu to encrypt it.

Truecrypt can encrypt the OS partition while the OS is running, then all you have to do is reboot and you'll be prompted to provide your password.


How to change permissions to the other drives in a hard disk?

The method you use to set permissions varies with the file system.

For linux permissions it is chown/chmod , but I am guessing you are asking about ntfs.

For ntfs, edit the appropriate line in /etc/fstab add in the permissions option

UUID=12102C02102CEB83 /media/windows ntfs-3g auto,users,permissions 0 0

Change your UUID to your NTFS partition , you can list it with

sudo blkid

You then re-mount the partition and use chown and chmod

sudo chown your_user:your_user /media/windows
sudo chmod 770 /media/windows

If you want a graphical tool, use PySDM

sudo apt-get install pysdm

See also Ubuntu Wiki File permissions


How do I resize a window when the edge is hidden by overlay scrollbars?

Instead of moving with mouse cursor from left to right,come with mouse from the right side.


Stop Time Sync Between Host and Guest - VirtualBox

It seems to me that if you'r trying to set the WarpDrivePercentage that the line should be:
<ExtraDataItem name="VBoxInternal/TM/WarpDrivePercentage" value="200"/>
While in your version has html markup for " " around the VBoxINternal/TM/WarpDrivePercentage, probably inserted by the previously applied command.


Try downloading from another mirror:

GUI

Open the Software Centre
Click: Edit > Software Sources
Find the dropdown menu "Download From"
select Other
select a mirror

Command Line

Open /etc/apt/sources.list (sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list)
Locate http://XX.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
Replace it with another token http://YY.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

You can also use this tool to generate a custom sources.list: http://repogen.simplylinux.ch/


Ubuntu broken by installing and uninstalling the Gimp

Well I would advice a new system installation. If you have your /home directory your good for this part of the installation. All of your files should be safe during the new installation. I believe.


How do I answer my GSM module phone call in x360 1030 G2 with ubuntu 19.10

If your cellphone provider does not provide you with a 'client' app for 'Voice Over IP' to answer the phone, here's a list of some of those clients: You will want one which supports Ubuntu Linux. Click on the up/down arrowheads in the second column, 'Operating systems' to sort for Linux.


How can I repair error when trying to access my home folder after installing Compiz in Xubuntu

There is a rather old bug-report with your error message.

  After logout and following login every attempt to access $HOME/.gvfs
  (i.e. with ls or df) results in 'Transport endpoint is not connected'
  error message. At the same time $HOME/.gvfs is present in /etc/mtab.
  Also GVFS-mounts are accessible through FUSE when
  /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-fuse-daemon is called with some other directory as
  argument.

A workaround suggested was in post#6

manually unmount the ~/.gvfs using:

fusermount -u ~/.gvfs

Then close/unmount all opened remote locations in Thunar/Nautilus and log out and back in, again.

This should restore the .gvfs-functionality

source


How can I get GPG Agent to cache my password?

In addition to setting up the cache times in gpg-agent.conf, you also have to make sure GnuPG is actually interfacing the gpg-agent. GnuPG 2 and upwards generally does, but the GnuPG 1 branch does not. By default git is using the gpg binary, which (at the time of writing this answer) still is GnuPG 1, while GnuPG 2 is installed as gpg2 on most systems.

In the end, you have two possibilities:

set up git to use gpg2 by changing the git configuration:

git config --global gpg.program gpg2

set up gpg(GnuPG 1) to use gpg-agent by adding use-agent to gpg.conf


How to install DroidCam PC Client for Ubuntu 20.04?

Droidcam website currently shows a different list of commands: the archive is not a .tar but a .zip file.
Have you tried to repeat the sequence?
The following sequence is copy-pasted from https://www.dev47apps.com/droidcam/linuxx/
Note: Only 64-bit binaries are provided, you’ll need to compile the client from source if you are running a 32-bit system.

Ensure the following dependencies are installed (using apt-get, yum, etc.): gcc make linux-headers-$(uname -r)

If droidcam is already installed, make sure it’s not open.

Get the latest client:

    cd /tmp/
    wget https://files.dev47apps.net/linux/droidcam_latest.zip
    echo "952d57a48f991921fc424ca29c8e3d09 droidcam_latest.zip" | md5sum -c --
    #OK?
    unzip droidcam_latest.zip -d droidcam && cd droidcam
    sudo ./install


Installing SATA 1TB 8MB Seagate ST1000LM024 5400rpm

By your specifications, you've got a Samsung Model [http://134.204.240.102/files/staticfiles/support/docs/samsung-ds/100698122c.pdf] of the 1TB/8GB Momentus, and yes, the 8GB SanDisk iSSD P4 will be visible in your partitioner.

However, even if you tried, you'd simply be told that you CANNOT partion the SSD part as such --- which answers your 2nd question imlicitly.


How can I automount a CIFS share in /home?

I figured out myself.
You can directly mount 10.x.x.212:/home to /home in Ubuntu 18.04 and when the home directories created through SSSD...it auto shares with NFS.


the secondary display is activated by the OS and not by bios. so, you will not see anything until the login appears. that is normal. if you say that if you connect tv at boot and then even after login, you cannot see anything, you have to disconnect and reconnect to see anything, then there is a problem.


Proprietary drivers don't work with AMD Radeon HD 7640G on Ubuntu 12.10

I was not using the same graphics card, but I was able to install the BETA AMD drivers on 12.10.

Main Instructions

However, I had a few issues, so here were my modifications to the steps given in the 12.10 section.

Purge Items per instructions (from the 12.04 LTS section)
Install Dependencies (from the 12.04 LTS section)

MODIFY sudo apt-get install ia32-libs; those libs didn't exist.  I went to the package manager and found ia32-libs-multiarch that are mentioned in the 64-bit section; I am 32bit.  I didn't install from command line.

MODIFY, I didn't do the WGET or chmod on the 12.6 version shown in the steps, I went to AMD's site and downloaded the BETA drivers. (Follow link in the second COMMENT from "thelastshadow").
Ran commands to install/reboot.

Do everything in that second link, I rebooted with new drivers, then ran the script to uninstall the watermark.  So, all the right steps are here and answered, just have to jumble them up a bit!  BTW, the 12.6 and the 12.10 drivers DID NOT work for me.  I had to uninstall them and follow the same steps with the beta drivers and they worked fine.  I did the steps exactly as shown using the 12.6 with the wget and didn't have success.

Hope that helps!


How to change Nvidia graphic resolution in Ubuntu 12.04?

if you simply want to change resolution manually go to system settings/displays and apply desired one.

if you got messed up with nvidia configuration do the following:

press Ctrl + Alt + F1 and run:

sudo /etc/init.d/lightdm stop

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

sudo /etc/init.d/lightdm start

if you need to configure new installation of nvidia run in terminal Ctrl + Alt + T:

sudo nvidia-xconfig

gksudo nvidia-settings


Remove problematic file with
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/updates/0006

and then retry
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install ufw
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo dpkg --configure -a


I see only one "Adaptive" setting in Nvidia X Server Settings. It is in PowerMizer. This setting is not about switching adapters.

There is no way to automatically switch on Nvidia adapter with proprietary drivers in Linux systems yet.

You can set it per application using bumblebee project. But it does not seem to work well on new Ubuntu releases.


I was able to find a solution to the mismatched packages. One of the admins from the eve-ng forum gave me this:

wget -O - http://www.eve-ng.net/repo/eczema@ecze.com.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
apt-get update
apt-get -y install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64]  http://www.eve-ng.net/repo xenial main"
apt-get update
apt-get install eve-ng-addons-netem


Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and type:

sudo nano /etc/environment

There, you have a list of paths from where binary/scripts are read. For example, if you initially had Matlab 2015a, it might look something like this:

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:usr/local/MATLAB/R2015a/bin

You want to change the last path to pint to the new version (this is, replace R2015a with R2016b). Save (Ctrl+O), exit (Ctrl+X), and you are done.

More information here and here.


How can I completely remove ecryptfs from my system and delete .Private?

The removal procedure is documented in the ecryptfs-setup-private(1) utility, with the --undo option:

$ ecryptfs-setup-private --undo

In the event that you want to remove your eCryptfs Private Directory setup,
you will need to very carefully perform the following actions manually:

 1. Obtain your Private directory mountpoint
   $ PRIVATE=`cat ~/.ecryptfs/Private.mnt 2>/dev/null || echo $HOME/Private`
 2. Ensure that you have moved all relevant data out of your $PRIVATE directory
 3. Unmount your encrypted private directory
   $ ecryptfs-umount-private
 4. Make your Private directory writable again
   $ chmod 700 $PRIVATE
 5. Remove $PRIVATE, ~/.Private, ~/.ecryptfs
    Note: THIS IS VERY PERMANENT, BE VERY CAREFUL
   $ rm -rf $PRIVATE ~/.Private ~/.ecryptfs
 6. Uninstall the utilities (this is specific to your Linux distribution)
   $ sudo apt-get remove ecryptfs-utils libecryptfs0

Full disclosure: I am one of the authors and maintainers of eCryptfs.


Install Deamon (Zookeeper) but don't automatically start it

You can simply do:

sudo systemctl disable zoo

If you’d like to prevent daemons from starting after installing a package, just toss a few lines into /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d:

sudo -i
cat > /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d << EOF
#!/bin/sh
echo "All runlevel operations denied by policy" >&2
exit 101
EOF
exit

Now, install any packages that you need and the daemons will remain stopped until you start them (or reboot the server). Be sure to remove the policy file you added once you’re done installing your packages.


Ubuntu 19.10 shows black screen with 99 letter combination

This was as a result of Grub which was lost. After booting the machine using a LIVE Ubuntu CD, Boot repair fixed the issue


Ubuntu 16.04 apt-get doesn't provide conky-all from Ubuntu 14.04

Looks like it is fairly straightforward to use the older version under Xenial and a big 'thanks' to Cory Goldberg for this information. I have modified Cory's method in quite a few places:

Remove any existing version of conky:

sudo apt-get remove --purge conky-std conky-all

Download the older version of the conky-all package:

wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/c/conky/conky-all_1.9.0-6build1_amd64.deb

Install with gdebi:

sudo apt-get install gdebi
sudo gdebi conky-all_1.9.0-6build1_amd64.deb

Lock or pin your older version to prevent the Repository installing the newer version next time you update:

sudo apt-mark hold conky-all

And then enjoy your older version of conky :)

Below is a screenshot of the 'pinned' older version of Conky on Xenial, seen in my old friend Synaptic, the exclamation mark signifying that the package is 'pinned':

References:

Cory Goldberg: What The Heck Happened To Conky? (I'm rolling back to 1.9)


You can't capture emails addressed to yahoo.com since Yahoo's MX records don't point to your server, so they'll never get routed through your postfix service.

If you're trying to create a catchall for a specific domain what you'll need to do is create a Virtual Domain file for postfix

sudoedit /etc/postfix/virtual

In the virtual file add the following:

@vrk.com vinod

Replace @vrk.com with the name of the domain you want to create the catch-all with (in your question this is where yahoo.com goes - however, as mentioned prior, you can't actually use yahoo.com as a valid domain since Yahoo's mail doesn't route to you) and the vinod part should be replaced with the email username that the catch-all should go to.

Once you've created this file you'll need to encode it. That is done simply with the following:

postmap /etc/postfix/virtual

This does all the jazz (encoding, validating, etc) that Postfix needs in order to read it. To finish things up you'll want to add some lines to the configuration file and restart postfix

Open the configuration file with sudoedit /etc/postfix/main.cf and add this line to the bottom

virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

Then the restart with sudo service postfix restart!


How do I re-enable windows partition after moving drives?

Yes, I myself answered the same question for about ten times. But no problem: I'll answer again!

After you install Ubuntu, you have to update GRUB (Ubuntu's boot manager) so it will recognize all the OSs in your HD. For this, open a terminal emulator (Ctrl+Alt+T) and run the following command:

sudo update-grub

Insert your password (it will not be showed) and press ENTER. Wait for the process to end. When it's done, restart your PC and Windows should be a GRUB menu entry


Installed headers don't exist according to GCC

You haven't told g++ where to find them: by default, it only looks in the top-level /usr/include directory, whereas the headers you are trying to include are in a gtk-2.0 subdirectory.

You can either add the include path manually e.g.

gcc -I /usr/include/gtk-2.0 test.c

or (the recommended way) use pkg-config to pull the required paths and flags directly from the package's supplied .pc file

gcc `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-2.0` test.c

If you actually use any symbols from the included library, you will likely need to do the same for the linker path e.g.

gcc test.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-2.0`

See for example Compiling GTK+ Applications on UNIX from the GNOME Developer Center


The chsh command changes your default shell, not your current shell. You will need to log out of the shell, and back in, to see a change after running chsh.


How to remotely access website in my virtual machine?

In your router forward port 80 and 443 to 192.168.56.10

Then when an external request hits port 80 or 443 http https it will be routed to the VM guest machine at 192.168.56.10

This may only work if your default gateway is 192.168.56.1 or you may have to change the static address on the guest so matches the gateway .. for instance if your default gateway was 192.168.1.1 then you would need a static IP in the guest as 192.168.1.xxx .. for the easiest setup

Just as an added note that I was just reminded of .. this setup I use myself but I use a bridged connection in VirtualBox not the default NAT connection and now that I look at it, the above IP is most likely a NAT connection in Vbox


Installation Problem MS Office 2013 using Wine

Office 2013, won't be running on older operating systems like Windows XP and Vista, is only compatible with Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows Server 2008 R2 or Windows Server 2012.

Open a terminal, type winecfg, and then select windows 7 from the drop down at the bottom of the window. If that doesn't work I suggest to look at this post :

Microsoft Office 2013 under wine.


Can't run chromedriver and google-chrome-stable at the same time

After reading through and doing some research, I realized that I had a very important misunderstanding of how chromedriver worked. From their README.txt:

  ChromeDriver will use the system installed Chrome by default.

  ... [section omitted for brevity/relevance] ...

  =====Architecture=====

  ChromeDriver is shipped separately from Chrome. It controls Chrome out of process through DevTools. ChromeDriver is a
  standalone server which communicates with the WebDriver client via the
  WebDriver wire protocol, which is essentially synchronous JSON
  commands over HTTP. WebDriver clients are available in many languages,
  and many are available from the open source selenium/webdriver
  project: http://code.google.com/p/selenium. ChromeDriver uses the
  webserver from net/server.

This fundamental part of how it works is why google-chrome-stable started causing issues with it. It also means that even though I thought I was using chromium side-by-side with chromedriver, I was probably mistakenly sharing the same chromium instance at the same time.


Upgrading ubuntu from 19.10 to 20.04 gave UI issues (updates/packages not installed while restarting I suppose)

Running
sudo apt purge xserver-xorg-video-intel

worked for me


Tho things to consider:
I usually use deny, not reject.  I'm not sure if reject is valid, so it should be:

sudo ufw deny from 216.21.13.0/24 to any port 80

Also, if you have other rule for port 80, they may be running before this one.  Try looking at

sudo ufw status numbered

And you should see an output like this:

[ 1] Anywhere                   DENY IN     x.x.x.x
[ 2] Anywhere                   DENY IN     x.x.x.x
[ 3] 80                         ALLOW IN    Anywhere
[ 4] 443                        ALLOW IN    Anywhere
[ 5] 22                         ALLOW IN    x.x.x.x
[ 6] 80 (v6)                    ALLOW IN    Anywhere (v6)
[ 7] 443 (v6)                   ALLOW IN    Anywhere (v6)

If your rule is after the allow all port 80 traffic, then it won't ever be called because the rule above it allows all port 80 traffic.

Try putting the rule in with

sudo ufw insert 1 deny from 216.21.13.0/24 to any port 80

And it will put it at the top of the list.


It's easy to host a mail server in Ubuntu... But it's really hard to do it well.
It's almost impossible for a novice to do it as well as a professional company can.

You can boil the arguments down to:

Uptime. Professional mail hosts can have multiple MX machines reading your email into a load-balaced cluster database. They'll be up 99.999999999% of the time. If your one server goes down, people sending email to you will see bounces. It won't look very good and you'll lose incoming email.
Spam. It takes billions of incoming emails to accurately detect which messages are really spam. That's why players like Gmail are so good at it. Tools like Spam Assassin rely on numbers and accurate training (which Gmail et al generate through crowd-sourcing all their users' input).
Security. Mail delivery, processing and access —including webmail— has so many attack vectors. It isn't like a webserver that you can do request analysis and frame limits on. Many processes interact with this foreign, possibly unsafe data and there are so many emerging attacks on every part of that stack. You have to stay on top of it all the time.
Blacklists and whitelists. The abundance of spammers has made many spam filtering systems work at least partially on lists of known spammers. If your provider gets a bad reputation for allowing spam, your IP could be caught up in a blacklist of their entire IP range. This will result in your outgoing emails simply being dropped.

There are many "certified" whitelist programmes around too where companies can pay to be included. These are typically expensive to join but this is what you need if you plan on sending a lot of email.

Hosted email is cheap (it can even be free) and there are some great options out there. If this is worth nothing to you, feel free to host it yourself, but honestly, a smart person lets somebody else deal with the headache.

That is not to say that either basic server or LAMP security are walks in the park. Ubuntu will handle the basic security —as long as you keep up to date with package updates— but you have to manage unpackaged things like Wordpress and Drupal installs, as well as making sane decisions to firewall away non-essential services, and not making any configuration faux pas.

Even things like basic SSH hardening (disclosure: mine) can take a while.


udev script does not start when event happen

Have you tried reloading udev? It should recognise new rules automatically, but maybe it didn't...

sudo udevadm control --reload-rules ; sudo udevadm trigger


To anyone else who encounters this - the short answer is: you can't.

Minidlna is the best option I've found, but it takes twice as long to get the same thing done.
It's been a huge frustration for me as a new Ubuntu user - though it DOES work and is actually quite capable of being MORE customizable once you figure it out.

Good luck.


Wireless won't associate after 12.04 upgrade

This is actually a comment rather than an answer to your question. I didn't think I'd have enough room in a comment so I used the answer format.

You don't explain in your question why you want to be able to use WPA TKIP. Frankly, if AES will work it is probably a better choice than TKIP, especially if you are using 802.11n (and your  Atheros 9285 follows the 802.11n spec).

The 802.11n spec states that the high throughput rates (link rates above 54 Mbps) can not be enabled unless you either (1) use no security  or (2) use WPA2 AES.
Ref: 5 Ways To Fix Slow 802.11n Speed

I am not trying to tell you to ignore the problem you are asking about. I just wanted to suggest that if you can use WPA2 AES that is probably what you to do.


How do I prevent standard users from using the USB ports?

You can disable USB storage device in Ubuntu, where only root users can only enable it.
Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below.

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

When it opens add blacklist usb_storage as the last line, then with the command below
open the rc.local file

gksudo gedit /etc/rc.local

When it opens, add modprobe -r usb_storage before the line exit 0

Now go ahead and reboot your system.

To mount, open a Terminal and use the following command.

sudo modprobe usb_storage

To Unmount the USB device, just right click on the device in file manager, and choose safley remove, or Unmount device, and run

sudo rmmod usb_storage

In Terminal.

Source: How to Disable and Enable USB Device


Nano can extended to highlight octave code.

~/.nanorc
# Octave syntax colors
syntax "octave" "\.m$" "\.octaverc$"

# keywords
color brightyellow "(case|catch|do|else(if)?|for|function|if|otherwise|switch|try|until|unwind_protect(_cleanup)?|vararg(in|out)|while)"
color brightyellow "end(_try_catch|_unwind_protect|for|function|if|switch|while)?"
color magenta "(break|continue|return)"

# storage-type
color green "(global|persistent|static)"
# data-type
color green "(cell(str)?|char|double|(u)?int(8|16|32|64)|logical|single|struct)"

# embraced
color brightred start="\(" end="\)"  # this line needs to be fixed to work properly in all cases
color blue start="\[|\{" end="\]|\}"

# strings
color yellow ""(\\.|[^\"])*"|'(\\.|[^\"])*'"

# comments
color brightblue "#.*|%.*"

read the Octave Wiki.


Why did "Ubuntu software Center turned into grey one?

When an X11 application is not responsive (does not wait for messages on the X11 pipe) the system shows the corresponding window in gray like that.

The reason is generally because the application is doing some work for a while, a while considered too long by X11.

In this case it is probably gathering the data from the set of installed files and that is many files and can be slow. After a few seconds it should wake up though. If not, check the disk activity. As long as the disk is busy, I wouldn't worry about it. If the disk activity stops and the screen stay gray for more than 10 seconds, it's probably dead (something broken in the application but it did not quit so the window stays up but it is not usable.)

As a side note, this happens to me with my mail system because once in a while it takes too long connecting and downloading emails. It can happen with my browser because a JavaScript is too slow and blocks the whole application...


I remember I was having that issue, too.

The first thing I did was try to unset the value network.protocol-handler.app.http to let Thunderbird prompt me for the application. I don't remember if that worked or not.

I do remember that I eventually just created a new thunderbird profile (on the command line enter thunderbird -P to enter the profile prompt...pretty basic from there) and copied my settings from the first profile over to my second. Problem solved. ☺


How to recover a deleted Folder(/Desktop in this case)

I doubt these commands did anything:

rinzwind@schijfwereld:~$ mkdir test
rinzwind@schijfwereld:~$ touch test1
rinzwind@schijfwereld:~$ cp test1 test
rinzwind@schijfwereld:~$ ls -l test*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 rinzwind rinzwind    0 feb  8 20:20 test1

test:
total 0
-rw-rw-r-- 1 rinzwind rinzwind 0 feb  8 20:20 test1
rinzwind@schijfwereld:~$ cd test
rinzwind@schijfwereld:~/test$ ls
test1
rinzwind@schijfwereld:~/test$

Directory test is still there and has test1 in it.

Before you continue  do a

ls -l ~

and examine the results. There should be a

drwxrwxr-x 2 rinzwind rinzwind 4096 feb  8 20:20 Desktop

The "d" makes it a directory. If that is the case all is well.

If not and it shows a "-" (aka. it has become a file) ... do (as rthe user you want this desktop created ($USER will be expand to that user name)):

cd ~
rm /home/$USER/Desktop
mkdir Desktop

(do not add -r to the rm) as the user that is suppose to own this directory. Otherwise add in

chown $USER:$USER Desktop

Warning: if you do this with a directory the "rm" will fail with an error stating you are trying to delete a directory. This will have you restore to an EMPTY desktop. If you had files in there they are gone.

From comments

-rw-r--r--  1 root       root        Desktop

Put "sudo" in front of the "rm" above. So ...

cd ~
sudo rm /home/$USER/Desktop
mkdir Desktop


OK, as per this blogpost, adding nogpumanager to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT in /etc/default/grub solves the issue. Thus, the line in /etc/default/grub should look like:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nogpumanager"

After you edit the file, don't forget to run:

sudo update-grub


How do I set a login password in Lubuntu

You should go to: 'System Tools' > 'Users & Groups' and check or uncheck Don't ask for password on login


Dual booting (Ubuntu over Windows) directly to Windows 10

In my case I had to disable Secure boot in the BIOS first. Install Windows 10 and then Install Ubuntu.


When it is booting you can tap the escape key to show verbose output. If something is going wrong at this step, you can find out what it is at this step.


No sound in Flash player but HTML5 player is fine

can you reinstall your flash?

First, click on the Ubuntu Software Center icon. This icon located on the launcher bar at the left hand side of the screen.

Second, Type in "flashplugin-installer" on the search bar and press enter.

Third, You should find the Adobe Flash plugin pop up in the search results.

Fourth, click on the button to remove and click on it again to install.

Use Mozilla, see if it works...


why is my pc showing hidden files even after renaming files starting with a dot

Ctrl+H Should toggle whether hidden files are visible.

To permanently change the setting in nautlius go

Edit > Preferences > Views

And turn off: Show hidden and backup files


Can I find cocoa modem in the repositories?

As per the CocoaModem page, you cannot use it on anything other than OS X, no. It is only available on OS X, and the Cocoa in the name is a reference to the core toolkit framework of OS X.


Solution:

Go to Settings->Display.

Turn Off Sticky edges.

Solved the problem for me.


Is there any program similar to WireframeSketcher that is available and free for Ubuntu?

Pencil is a firefox plugin which might suit your needs: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/pencil/


Allow android device to access ubuntu 11.10 machine on LAN

Perhaps there is no service listening on the port you are connecting to?

Just to check if there is a networking problem, you can open a terminal, cd to a non-private directory (be careful, the content of all files of the directory where this command is started will be served on a network, so choose with care) and enter:

python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000

This will serve the current directory over HTTP on port 8000 on all your network interfaces.

Now on your Android open a browser and enter the address http://192.x.x.x:8000 and check if your browser displays the files from the directory where you entered the python command above.

If yes: your network settings are correct and the problem may be
within your app or there is no service listening on the needed port on your Ubuntu machine
(see my question above).
If no (no files are displayed): there
may be a firewall active (on your router or on your Ubuntu machine).
Some routers don't allow that WiFi stations communicate with each
other or with the LAN IPs by default (check the configuration of your router, OpenWRT for example has an option for this)


Is there a way to list all non-free software and firmware that is used/installed on my computer?

As you know Aptitude (apt) is a package manager used in Ubuntu . So one can check all installed software and packages with Aptitude.

apt list --installed

You can also check with Debian Package Manager(dpkg) with the following command:

dpkg -l

all these commands don't need root/sudo access.


Is there a way to send the switch windows signal without "Alt-Tab"?

I got it to work. Turns out that I needed to put a pause between keydown alt and key tab. I also put the xdotool code in an .sh file so I could modify it without restarting xbindkeys every time.

Working xdotool code:

xdotool keydown alt
sleep .1
xdotool key Tab key alt


Chrome OS: will developer mode remove existing Ubuntu installation?

Most probably you pressed Space button while crash happened and changed you back from Developer mode (although it could happen by itself because if SSD or HDD did not respond at boot Developer mode again gets disabled). You can try accessing shell using CTRL + ALT + Back or Forward if that does not work and you really need to retrieve Ubuntu chroot you need to unplug SSD and insert it into other Linux device,chroot is saved in /usr/local/chroot/


Cannot connect using ssh with one PC but ok with another

It looks like you don't have the right public-key-file. Try to copy them from the working computer to the nonworkinig. They should be somewhere in your home directory. Normally id_rsa.pub.

It also could be solved if you check your known_hosts file and remove the not working one and reconnect your host by:
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub user@remote-system
To find out which one in the known_hosts file is your nonworking one compare the key from the id_rsa.pub and the entry in the known_hosts file.


Migrating ubuntu; fetch manally installed packages to feed apt-get install

You seem to be looking for the apt-mark command.

apt-mark showmanual will return a list of all packages marked manual.

There are two sets of manual packages, and they are all mixed together:

Packages you specified to apt (sudo apt install foo or sudo apt-mark manual foo) These are the top-level packages in your system. Everything else is a dependency. Usually your desktop metapackage is among these.
Packages installed by the Desktop installer during the initial installation of Ubuntu. This is a safety measure to prevent users from erroneously removing large slabs of their system when they remove their desktop metapackage.


How can I access my files on the computer from a LiveCD?

Your files are probably in one of the physically installed Hard Disk Drives which must be mounted in order to gain access to your data.

In Nautilus (or whatever file browser you use) try gaining access to the physically installed disks in the "Devices" section of the left side bar. Simply mount it and navigate to the "home" folder of the disk, which -of course- won't be your live session's home folder unless you mark it so.

Please inform if you succeed and good luck!


How can I have tomcat and apache running at the same time?

The port 80 have been binded to the tomcat, so when you start apache, it can't bind to the port 80 which is the default port of apache.

So you should change the apache default port in /etc/apache2/ports.conf file as
Listen 8081
Then you can verify that Apache listing:
sudo netstat -tulpn | grep :8081


You are getting the error because you are asking it to archive /mnt, and then telling it to exclude /mnt with the option --exclude=/mnt which excludes everything, hence there is nothing in the archive and you get the error message.

If i understand what you are doing correctly, you should drop the --exclude=/mnt option.


Dualshock 4 Controller configuration with xboxdrv

# Playstation 4 Controller
# ========================

[xboxdrv]
# Using the 'by-id' name is recomment, as it is static, while an
# /dev/input/eventX name can change depending on what other USB
# devices you use.
evdev = /dev/input/by-id/usb-Sony_Computer_Entertainment_Wireless_Controller-event-joystick

# This displays events received from the controller, if you are
# working on a configuration you want to set this to true:
evdev-debug = true

# Grabbing the device prevents other applications from accessing it,
# this is needed most of the time te prevent applications from
# receiving events twice.
evdev-grab = true

[evdev-absmap]
ABS_HAT0X = dpad_x
ABS_HAT0Y = dpad_y

ABS_X = X1
ABS_Y = Y1

ABS_Z = X2
ABS_RZ = Y2

ABS_RX = LT
ABS_RY = RT

[evdev-keymap]
BTN_TL = LT
BTN_TR = RT
BTN_A = X
BTN_X = Y
BTN_B = A
BTN_C = B

BTN_Y = LB
BTN_Z = RB

BTN_SELECT = TL
BTN_START = TR

BTN_TR2 = start

BTN_TL2 = back

BTN_MODE = guide

The above is what i use. Seems to work great when used with --mimic-xpad.
It also works great for SteamOS and a few games. But then there are a bunch of games which will not use the new mappings at all, such as Teleglitch or Proteus.

I very much hope that Valve forces an input standard library on developers for linux so that they all use the same input libs.


What would be the best video driver to use on my Dell Vostro 1000 running Ubuntu 11.10

According to the supported hardware table the ATI driver you should be using is already installed and used by default in Ubuntu 11.10.

Your card, the ATI X1150 uses the RS400 chipset, which according to the table, is supported by the catalyst legacy or open-source drivers.

Since the first cannot be installed in Ubuntu 11.10 unless you are able to install and use a kernel version 2.6.28 (or earlier) you are only able to use the second and that is already installed in your system.


How to copy my Ubuntu system (laptop) to another laptop ?

Normally simply copying an operating system from one place to another is not a good idea. A lot of configuration is done during the install. Instead what you are best to do in my opinion is copy your home directory across (including all the hidden files) this should give you most of your personal settings for programs. For any program which doesn't open with your settings when you install it on the new laptop you can normally find where that program saves its preferences with a google and copy them across with a USB stick. I really recommend this option!!

If you really want to give it a go. You can use clonezilla in live CD mode to create a copy of your system image onto an external drive. The boot on the new laptop in clonezilla live CD and copy the system partition on. I stress, however, I think this is a bad idea! I have done this before for moving a system from one HDD to another, but it was for use in the same system, I was just changing drive.


How can I start indicator-messages manually?

From the content of the indicator-messages.desktop file (located in /etc/xdg/autostart) you can see that the "executable file" is a service which is located in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-messages/indicator-messages-service, what mainly means you can't launch indicator-messages manually, just because it's not an executable application such as gedit.

Concerning the comment an application with id 'liferea.desktop' is not installed, check if gsettings get com.canonical.indicator.messages applications returns correct entries of applications being installed such as the default setting ['thunderbird.desktop'].
When you prefer to use a GUI based tool - you can do it with dconf-editor as well of course.


I think I accidently deleted the PATH variable

The PATH should restore on Reboot; anyways, if not the case you can find an Original .bashrc on: /etc/skel/.bashrc Overwrite using it; good luck.


This is most likely going to be a duplicate but I'll post my answer anyways.

First I would be really interested in knowing from where you downloaded your iso images? AFAIK, you are not using Ubuntu.

So it is very simple.

Download the appropriate Ubuntu installer from here
Follow the instructions given in the ubuntu website on how to create a bootable USB in windows (alternatively you can use UNetbootin instead of the tool suggested in the link)


I own a late 2009 MacBook running Ubuntu 12.10. I went to this website and it instructed me to use the following command line:

sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

After the installer finished, I did not see my wireless network work. I completely shut down and then restarted and when Ubuntu had finished booting, there was a prompt saying that wireless networks were available to connect to. I hope this helps.


Firefox and Thunderbird not starting due to permission issues

You have run firefox and thunderbird as root, or via sudo. This is a Bad Idea, for many reasons. One is that any files (including configuration files) saved will be owned by root. Another reason is that running them as root makes them Very Powerful Foot-Shooting tools.

To repair, change the ownership of the directories and their contents with (read man sudo;man chown; man id first):

sudo chown -R $(id-u):$(id -g) ${HOME}/.gnome2

To find the other files and directories in $HOME that are owned by root, you could do:

sudo find ${HOME} -user root -ls

To find files that $USER is not allowed to access:

sudo find $HOME \! -readable -ls


Bash script to source a Python virtual environment

The source venv/bin/activate commands modifies load.sh's environment. When load.sh ends, this environment is forgotten. Also, it will only work if you're in the $HOME directory.

I think what you really want is to add to your ~/.bashrc:

alias venv="source $HOME/venv/bin/activate"

then

venv

will do the trick.


Upgrading to 14.04 LTS when 16.04 LTS is available

Try opening the Update Manager application and installing all updates avaliables.
Check the ubuntu release to update.

Launch the Terminal and type:

sudo update-manager -d

Enter, and then enter your user password when prompted.

The Update Manager application will open. Click the button to begin the process. The whole process could take some time


Copied files from LINUX machine to OSX machine over external USB drive disappear

Discs should not be unplugged if they are in use (busy).  The copied files may still be in a buffer, not yet on the disc when the cp looks like it is done.  If you have a terminal with a current directory on the disk, that will keep it busy also, and maybe slow down a buffer flush to the device.  Having the filemanager show a directory on the disk will also keep it busy, so click on something else, like "Home" before you click on the "eject" button for the device.  At a terminal, typing "sync" will flush buffers, but the best way to tell is when the disk light stays off after the sync.  The more files, or the bigger they are, the longer the buffer flush will take.  The actual write to disk may be much slower than you think, a few mega bytes per second -- it may take awhile to write your files out completely.


Unable to boot into Ubuntu, after changing to Windows for 2 weeks

Try boot-repair if you haven't already, you don't necessarily need access to your ubuntu partition, just download a live distro like boot-repair-disk, burn it and make it boot as first device from bios. I had a similar issue (Mint 20 + Windows 10, both UEFI), running the tool with standard settings should make your grub screen appear again. Also, when selecting the grub menu entry for Windows remember to choose the one ending with 'bootmgfw.efi' or else (as it happened to me) the problem may occur again. Hope this helps


Type

 sudo gedit /usr..../report.log

You need to perform a action (here gedit) with superuser permissions. Typing sudo /usr... is not a action.