How to disable effects on "win key" menu?

Ubuntu uses Gnome Shell, which relies on and requires graphics acceleration to render its desktop effects. You can turn animations off and see whether this removes the issue. An easy way to do this is to run following terminal command:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface enable-animations false

If you feel the desktop is still slow, then move to another desktop that does not require graphics acceleration, such as xfce (Xubuntu) or Mate (Ubuntu Mate).

To restore the animation setting to default, issue the command:

gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.interface enable-animations


Fast change of my ip/proxy in terminal for one command

Curl (and some other command line utilities) use environment variables to get their proxy settings so you'd just run:

http_proxy=http://123.123.123.123:80/ curl http://ifconfig.me

But whois (the whole protocol, not just the command) doesn't work over HTTP; it's its own protocol running on port 43. You can't readily proxy it with a standard HTTP proxy.

If you want to proxy other protocols, you're going to have to look at a proper VPN or something SOCKS-based like proxychains.


If you are using the Terminal application you can simply

Select View and deselect Show Menubar.

to restore it later you can right click on the Terminal and choose select Show Menubar .

If you want to associate this action with a keyboard shortcuts (I see difficult to associate it  only to Alt, but for sure you can pick another combination of keys) you can set it up following [2]

  Open the Activities overview and start typing Keyboard.
  Click on Keyboard to open the panel.
  Select the Shortcuts tab.
  Select a category in the left pane, and the row for the desired action on the right. The current shortcut definition will change to New accelerator…
  Hold down the desired key combination, or press Backspace to clear.

Reference

The article about the Menubar visibility on the site help.gnome.org
The article about how to "Set keyboard shortcuts" always on the gnome help site.


If all the lines in the file will be structured like the example, I believe you can use the command line program cut to treat the percent signs as field delimiters and pick the 2nd and 4th fields. So try running

cut -d "%" -f 2,4 --output-delimiter="," <file_name

Update:
I don't think anything needs to be changed for the other format because
in the pattern %string% the command above sees string as the second field and extracts it. I tried running

echo "%string%" | cut -d "%" -f 2,4 --output-delimiter=","

and string was printed to standard output.


I'm a total newb at this so my answer may be of no value, but here's what I did to boot from usb:
 Download an iso. file of whatever distro you want.  download linux pendrive or a similar usb installer.  using pendrive, select your downloaded iso file to make bootable on your usb key.  Make sure your computer is set to boot from usb first, then reset and boot. The rest should be self explanatory.  Good luck getting wifi connectivity though.  Hope that helps.


Pytorch on a fresh install of ubuntu can't find my GPU

Just found a solution, maybe.... Check https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2377560 for details.

Maybe you have a hybrid graphic card and this can cause a wrong installation of driver. Please also check that secure boot is disabled in bios.

Run in terminal:

sudo apt purge nvidia*
sudo apt update
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
sudo apt full-upgrade

Reboot and check again.


Ubuntu server glusterfs and virt-manager

I ran into the EXACT same problem.
I think the problem is qemu wasn't compiled with GlusterFS support (from the build log):

  ../configure --with-pkgversion="Debian 1:2.11+dfsg-1ubuntu7.9" --extra-cflags="-g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/<>/qemu-2.11+dfsg=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -DCONFIG_QEMU_DATAPATH='\"/usr/share/qemu:/usr/share/seabios:/usr/lib/ipxe/qemu\"' -DVENDOR_UBUNTU" --extra-ldflags="-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,--as-needed" --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --libexecdir=/usr/lib/qemu --localstatedir=/var --disable-blobs --disable-strip --interp-prefix=/etc/qemu-binfmt/%M --localstatedir=/var  --disable-user \
      --enable-system \
      --enable-linux-user \
      --enable-modules \
      --enable-linux-aio --audio-drv-list=pa,alsa,oss --enable-attr --enable-bluez --enable-brlapi --enable-virtfs --enable-cap-ng --enable-curl --enable-fdt --enable-gnutls --disable-gtk --disable-vte --enable-libiscsi --enable-curses --enable-smartcard --enable-rbd --enable-rdma --enable-vnc-sasl --enable-seccomp --enable-spice --enable-libusb --enable-usb-redir --enable-xen --enable-xfsctl --enable-vnc --enable-vnc-jpeg --enable-vnc-png --enable-kvm --enable-vhost-net \

Which further reinforced by looking further down the log:

  GlusterFS support no

(Full log here: qemu build log)

If I'm wrong I'd be very happy to know about it.


Audio output front and back jack ubuntu 17.10

If you only want one audio output for playback
go to Pulseaudio Volume Control, Playback tab.
A drop-down menu will display choices for switching audio output

If your sound device will support having both audio outputs:
Run alsamixer in terminal and find playback settings (F3) for correct sound card (F6)
Use left and right arrow keys to find "auto-mute" option
Up and down arrow keys change setting between disabled and enabled


Filezilla crashes ubuntu 16.04 lts- Please suggest alternate

I use the basic ssh and sftp because I learned how to use them long ago, and I find them easy to use.

But you may find it easier to use the standard file browser 'Files' alias nautilus in standard Ubuntu. Click on the symbol with three horizontal lines and select 'Enter Location', and type the IP address. In a local network you can type

sftp://192.168.0.2

if that is the address to your server. If you open another window with 'Files' you can copy between the windows (if you have write access).

You can create a bookmark if you intend to connect to this address again.  Click on the symbol with three horizontal lines and select 'Bookmark this location'.

In case you are using a custom port e.g. 1234 and want to connect directly to a specific remote directory e.g. /var/www/example.com with the username someUser then type:

sftp://someUser@192.168.0.2:1234/var/www/example.com

If you have problems also with 'Files', I think there is some other problem, maybe with the network or with some tool under the hood, and not with Filezilla.


What causes “pam_unix … conversation failed” in auth.log

I have seen this appear when someone presses Ctrl + C at sudo password prompt.


Are you using the most up to date installer?
There is an incompatibility with the original installer and package updates (including libc6-udeb) that are downloaded in during the install process.

I have been having the same issue with a PXE installer that I use for unattended installs, after updating the netboot image & installer, the issue went away and I was able to successfully install 16.04

The most recent version, which worked for me, is available here - http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-updates/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/

Thanks to Alex Brett at Citrix for the tip off on the Debain mailing list - https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=833706#45


I have used both RTL8812 and 8814AU and found the Aircrack-ng GitHub to be extremely useful and reliable for both of these drivers on Linux.
Check out both GitHub's below and try compiling the DKMS modules to see if that helps.
RTL8812: https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8812au
RTL8814: https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8814au
Cheers.


Where does system-config-printer store the config files?

It depends on the back-end that is used. If cups (what would be the default in Ubuntu) ...

 /etc/cups/printers.conf

  Description

  The printers.conf file defines the local printers that are available. It is normally located in the /etc/cups directory and is generated automatically by the cupsd(8) program when printers are added or deleted.

If you backup/restore these files makes sure you do that when cups is not running. It is very picky about editing this file manually.


SSH shell prompt does not show user@host for one user

It is because their shell is set to /bin/sh, and not /bin/bash. You can use the program chsh (CHange SHell) to change that user's shell. When you're logged in as that user, run:

chsh /bin/bash

I would recommend against editing /etc/passwd manually as you could accidentally enter a syntactically wrong line in to it (without realising), which might break logins for other users.


To "disable" mnemonics for Nautilus 3.10.1 on Ubuntu 14.04 which uses GTK3:

Create the following path & file if it doesn't already exist.
/home/YOURUSERNAME/.config/gtk-3.0/settings.ini
Then add:
[Settings]
gtk-enable-mnemonics = 0
Then logout and log back in.

Sources:
* https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gtk-list/2011-March/msg00108.html
* https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/GtkSettings.html

p.s. Note that the GTK docs say you should have an environment variable called XDG_CONFIG_HOME but I didn't have one. I did have an existing ~/.config/gtk-3.0 folder and it appears it is looking there by default, without the environment variable.


There are many other kernel-specific packages. You should sudo apt-get remove the obsolete ones. Here is how I found my obsolete packages:

# first, use the current kernel version (DO NOT REMOVE YOUR CURRENT KERNEL)
# to get a list of installed packages with the same version number.
dpkg -l | fgrep $(uname -r | sed -e 's/-generic//') | egrep '^ii'

# Then, inspecting the output, and manually selecting non-version
# substrings, construct a regular expression for egrep. I got:
dpkg -l | egrep 'linux-tools-|linux-source-|linux-libc-dev|linux-image-|linux-headers-'| egrep -v $(uname -r | sed -e 's/-generic//')

This produces a list of candidates for sudo apt-get remove. Eliminate from this list your current kernel and all of its like-versioned kin (I did that in the last egrep) AND the previous N versions. Start with N=3, use N=2 with caution, and try to avoid the N=1 case.

DO NOT REMOVE YOUR CURRENT KERNEL


I ended up reinstalling my graphics drivers (proprietary amd), and that did the trick.


What languages does Pluma / Gedit text editor cover for syntax highlighting?

I don't know what "pluma" is but gedit 3.6 supports the following languages:

[04:56 PM] /usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/language-specs $ ls
actionscript.lang  dpatch.lang            language.dtd    po.lang
ada.lang           dtd.lang               language.rng    prolog.lang
asp.lang           eiffel.lang            latex.lang      protobuf.lang
automake.lang      erlang.lang            libtool.lang    puppet.lang
awk.lang           fcl.lang               lua.lang        python3.lang
bennugd.lang       forth.lang             m4.lang         python.lang
bibtex.lang        fortran.lang           makefile.lang   R.lang
boo.lang           fsharp.lang            mallard.lang    rpmspec.lang
cg.lang            gap.lang               markdown.lang   ruby.lang
changelog.lang     gdb-log.lang           matlab.lang     scheme.lang
chdr.lang          glsl.lang              mxml.lang       scilab.lang
check-language.sh  go.lang                nemerle.lang    sh.lang
c.lang             gtk-doc.lang           netrexx.lang    sml.lang
cmake.lang         gtkrc.lang             nsis.lang       sparql.lang
cobol.lang         haddock.lang           objc.lang       sql.lang
cpp.lang           haskell.lang           objj.lang       systemverilog.lang
csharp.lang        haskell-literate.lang  ocaml.lang      t2t.lang
css.lang           html.lang              ocl.lang        tcl.lang
cuda.lang          idl.lang               octave.lang     texinfo.lang
def.lang           imagej.lang            ooc.lang        vala.lang
desktop.lang       ini.lang               opal.lang       vbnet.lang
diff.lang          java.lang              opencl.lang     verilog.lang
d.lang             javascript.lang        pascal.lang     vhdl.lang
docbook.lang       j.lang                 perl.lang       xml.lang
dosbatch.lang      json.lang              php.lang        xslt.lang
dot.lang           language2.rng          pkgconfig.lang  yacc.lang
[04:56 PM] /usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/language-specs $


Todays SSD are much larger than they were 4 years ago, making the write cycles involved from hibernating less significant for wearing.

Modern SSD come with 100-300 TBW (terabytes written), i.e. are guaranteed to be able to write 100-300 TB before they fail. This seems to be be plenty but consider that with each hibernation you may write up to the whole amount of RAM you have built in. Each hibernation will in the worst case write 16 GB of data on a laptop with 16 GB of RAM.

A SSD with 100 TBW will then last for

  100.000 : 16 = 6250 hibernate cycles
  4 hibernations a day makes this 1562 days or
  4,3 years

Note that during these 4 years we just hibernated. We had not written anything else on the SSD.

Of course the kernel compresses RAM before writing, there are SSDs that come with 300 TBW or more, we may only want to hibernate once a day, or we have 4 GB of RAM only, so the time span until the drive fails may be much longer.

Still today, hibernating contributes significantly to the the write load on a SSD. Booting from SSD will not write much of data on the other hand. For low RAM machines that don't hibernate too often the life span of a modern SSD may be sufficient.


It is safe to remove the 2 cdrom entries. You can remove them by either manually editing /etc/apt/sources.list or using the Software Sources utility.

The PPA errors are likely because the tiheum/equinox ppa is not updated to include packages for 13.10 saucy yet. The safest way to remove it is:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
ppa-purge tiheum/equinox

Assuming you want to remove the ppa (if you don't remember adding it or what it provides, you should remove it).


How can I have multiple passphrases for unlocking one encrypted partition?

Yes, LUKS supports multiple keyslots (8 in total) which all can unlock the master key.

See the manpage of cryptsetup on how to manage LUKS keyslots. E.g. if your LUKS partition is /dev/sda2, then:

sudo cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sda2

While you're at it, also consider providing an --iter-time N (were N is the time in miliseconds) option to lower the risk of bruteforcing a keyslot. E.g. for a 2 seconds hashing time:

sudo cryptsetup --iter-time 2000 luksAddKey /dev/sda2

to list your current key slots:

sudo cryptsetup luksDump /dev/sda2

Adding a new key slot first is also how I would recommende to change a current passphrase. First add a new one with the instruction above, reboot, verify the new passphrase works (you never know about keyboard layout mismatches etc.), then delete the old keyslot.

sudo cryptsetup luksRemoveKey /dev/sda2

You'll then be asked to provide the passphrase to be removed.

In case you want to remove a key slot without providing the current passphrase, you can use luksKillSlot, but do that with great care and be sure to provide the right slot ID.


Cannot install zeromq package from chris-lea/zeromq in 12.04

ZeroMQ3 cannot be installed with a single zeromq3 package. I don't know why. You can still install ZeroMQ3 with 3 packages (libzmq3-dbg, libzmq3-dev and libzmq3) separately. So the complete solution is:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chris-lea/zeromq
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libzmq3-dbg libzmq3-dev libzmq3

How to know these packages are libzmq3-dbg, libzmq3-dev and libzmq3? You can go to https://launchpad.net/~chris-lea/+archive/zeromq and click View package details, then click the package you desired. You'll see them in Built packages section.


Nexus 4 Fails to Boot After Ubuntu Touch Flash

After unlocking and rooting, just get the multirom manager app from the app store:

It makes sure you are rooted, after installing the internal rom I needed to flash SuperSU.zip
It can update the kernel to one that has the patch
It will install ubuntu touch and lists all the version for you to choose.

Something I did not intend for is it installs Ubuntu-touch as the main internal rom.


permissions of shell script: how to write into /var

System user and cron

A simple and secure way would be to create a backup-user as system user (no home folder). Then give permissions to the backup-user for the backup location:

$ adduser --system --no-create-home backup-user
$ chown -R backup-user /var/backup/subdirectory

Also you need to specify the user in the cron job.

Backup tool

While writing own backup shell scripts is fun for a little while, sooner or later it becomes hard to mange all the corner cases. So if you get tired of writing shell scripts, checkout bacula. It is definitely more work to setup, but it offers more features then self written scripts.


Unable to install Alarm Clock Applet (Ubuntu 19.10)

The alarm-clock-applet package was dropped from Ubuntu after 19.04

Looking at the Debian package tracker page and the Ubuntu changelogs page, looks like this package was abandoned upstream several years ago.

Abandoned packages are not receiving maintenance, bugfixes, and security patches. They are routinely removed from Debian and Ubuntu. Removed packages can be re-added to Ubuntu if a volunteer steps forward to start maintaining the software again.

You can download the package from 19.04 at http://packages.ubuntu.com and use apt to install it.


How do I set up a python development environment?

In Ubuntu 12.04 Python 2.7.3 is already pre-installed

Take a look at the Ubuntu Software Center -> Developer Tools -> Python There you can find IDLE or SPE, which are both good development environments. They should work out of the box.
There are also Plugins available for Eclipse and Netbeans.

if you want to use the newest version of Python take a look at this website

https://www.python.org/downloads/


how to uninstall genymotion in ubuntu 18.04

it seems this is a proprietary software, installed via a .bin file. It is not using the deb packaging format, nor is it available in the repositories... You should ask the company behind this software...


If you have a NVIDIA GPU, 19.10 will not allow you to login in Wayland.

I know because I just checked that.

I was able to do it in 19.04, but in 19.10 I cannot. Some change were made for 19.10 that makes something incompatible with Nvidia cards, till their drives are updated.

If you change to the nouveau drivers, I think it will let you choose Wayland.


Compiling cowpatty on Ubuntu 13.10 64bit fails

After looking at the cowpatty Makefile:

LDLIBS   = -lpcap
CFLAGS   = -pipe -Wall -DOPENSSL
LDLIBS  += -lcrypto

I'd suggest you to install the following development packages:

sudo apt-get install libpcap-dev libssl-dev


how to reformat USB drive on lubuntu 18.10 for macOSX compatibility?

I would suggest re-formatting your [usb-thumb] device using KDE partition Manager

If you select your device, and click "New" you will see a window like

To have the drive recognized and usable in both OSes you need to use a format both can use. The most likely chosen is probably 'fat32'  (not 'ext4' which my box and screengrab shows; fat32 can be used by windows computers as well, but note it has a maximum filesize that can be reached for very long HD.videos).

Mac only formats can likely also be selected, as I don't use a mac - I'll point you to How to read and write HFS+ journaled external HDD in Ubuntu without access to OS X? which provides information about what packages must be added to add HFS support to your box).

note: my image was taken from 19.04; but I'd expect it to look pretty much the same as 18.10


how to connect from ubuntu pc to android in a secure way?

Yes you can copy your key to your android device an use it with juicessh.

Security concerns are the same as with every other SSH client.

Don't allow root login via ssh, use a tool like fail2ban to ban users after to many wrong login attempts.

If you copy your key to your android device make sure to protect it with a passphrase or use screenlock on your device.


Enabling Logitech G400 mouse DPI buttons

I might have a solution...

I wrote a tool recently, https://github.com/rprichard/logitech-g400-config, that allows configuring both the polling rate (125 Hz -- 1000 Hz) and the DPI setting.  (My motivation was to avoid horrific lag when moving windows, e.g. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwBH_AkhW_Q.)

To develop the tool, I examined the USB traffic from the Windows Logitech software using Wireshark.  I noticed the software using two HID "feature reports": one for the sampling rate and another for the DPI level.  The DPI level report had ID 0x8e with a second byte of 3, 4, 5, or 6.  I think they correspond to 400, 800, 1800, and 3600 DPI.

During development of this script, though, I noticed that the device is also happy with a DPI level of 7.  It turns out that if I set the DPI to 7, then the DPI+/DPI- buttons no longer adjust the DPI and instead send an event visible with xev.  The DPI-default button is always visible with xev.

I'm guessing that DPI-6 and DPI-7 are both 3600 DPI.  (My other guess had been that DPI-7 would retain the pre-7 DPI (e.g. DPI-3 followed by DPI-7 would be 400 DPI), but that doesn't appear to be the case.)

To set DPI-7, just run logitech-g400-config.py set -d3600_frozen (after installing libhidapi and maybe setting up udev -- see the README for details).  The high DPI might make the mouse pointer very fast.  I'm personally using DPI-5 right now with a bunch of xinput settings to tweak the acceleration.


How to remove a disk that is not safely removed?

In the following I assume that it is just a matter of the file system being corrupted by the unsafe removal - this would usually be the issue, but I cannot tell 100% for you case:

USB flash drives usually are vfat file systems. You can try to repair it with fsck, namely fsck.vfat as the version for vfat file systems.

Open a terminal an follow these steps (detailed as you said to be new to Ubuntu):

First of all you need to identify its name in the /dev/ directory. For this unplug the drive, then just type in cd /dev (enter after each command is implied), then ls to list the directories entries. Note which sdxy (x=letter, y=digit) entries are listed. Plug in the device, type ls again and look for a new sdxy. If there is none you have severe problems, if there is, we can start repairing it.

Second. Say we found our device as /dev/sdb1, then run fsck.vfat -n /dev/sdb1 first. This is a dry run listing the errors only. Once you had read of these you can either repair it fully automatically fsck.vfat -a /dev/sdb1 or interactively with fsck.vfat -r /dev/sdb1


The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available

sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com PUT_KEY_HERE

You would find the key in the error message like this:

....NO_PUBKEY KEY_IS_HERE

That was because, you need to authenticate it as a trusted site and you need a signing key. This command will create it.


How can I monitor which files a specific program changes?

You could use strace. Read man strace and do:

strace -e trace=open specific_program


How do I set a cron job for every 5 minutes without using the minutes divisible by 5?

Answer to my own question

The answer to my question specifically is

2-59/5 * * * * <job>

In general, to run a job every nth minute starting at m (with 1≤m<n), it's

m-59/n * * * * <job>

The dash means "every minute starting at m and ending at 59, inclusive on both ends."


Is there any linux in built application or any method to find the network usage(data usage) of the internet connection?

Isn't gnome-system-monitor capable of doing this? You can see in this image, the bottom portion of it shows the network history of your computer :


Not right now, though once the download has completed, snapd will abort the operation as requested.

Note that the client is supposed to abort the operation when you ctrl+c it-- this is a known bug.

Update: This bug was fixed in snapd v2.20.1.


Try installing a new audio driver. You can check out Realtek for some drivers. Just click "Downloads" and then click "High Definition Audio Codecs".
Then scroll down and you should see drivers for Linux.


Unable to pin Google chrome to taskbar on Kubuntu

I can pin/unpin Google Chrome without issues.

Pinning

Unpin option

It's possible something has gone wrong on your system.

Can you pin Google Chrome successfully if you set up a new user account?

To set up a new user account, open System Settings > Account Details > User Manager > New User.


Understanding chmod Symbolic Notation and use of Octal

Informative knowledge is provided with the help of The Linux Command-line as refrence/source.

First of all it is very essential to know about ugo and rwx manner:

Understanding of attribute which can be out put by ls-l:

Applying Permission:

Using Octal number:

Hence Following work same like:

chmod +rwx [file_name]
chmod 777 [file_name]

And

chmod 775 [file_name]
chmod ug+rwx,o=rx [file_name]

Hope this helps new users to understand and get knowledge about Symbolic Notation & using Octal number for chmod.

you can download pdf version of linux-command-line book from sourceforge-project


Is it possible to use Ubuntu snapcraft offline?

snapcraft can now be run offline, yes. The parts directory (which is being pulled via parts.snapcraft.io) is optional, and isn't checked by default.


oracle java installer fails with licence not accepted

I had the same issue via Update Manager and it would not present the version 12.10 upgrade either. I updated the package through the shell with apt and was presented a dialog to accept the license. It worked fine. I re-launched Update Manager and was able to proceed with the version upgrade.

EDIT: The package name was oracle-java7-installer

Thanks!


What do I do with the iso of 14.04 and 13.10 to use Ubuntu on my windows 7 computer?

Per the official Ubuntu documentation documentation, download the application available here, run the application, and point it towards your .iso file (you will need a USB drive of at least 2 gigs). Wait for the application to finish doing its thing then get ready:

With the USB stick still in your computer, restart your computer. With any hope your machine will sound like its starting normally, but in stead of seeing the windows loading screen, you will see a purple background with Ubuntu in white lettering. If you've gotten this far, you'll be taken into what's called a "Live Session" of Ubuntu. Basically, the operating system is running off your USB drive, you can do anything you feel like doing (I recommend playing around and trying to figure out how to do things, it will be different from Windows). If you decide you like it, double click the icon on the desktop that says "Install Ubuntu" at this point you'll be given the option to either erase Windows, or partition to install along side it. I'm going to assume you want to install along side your Windows partition, so choose that and the rest should be fairly straight forward.

It sounds like you've used Ubuntu before, but are more comfortable with Windows, so I'm going to refer you to the Linux Mint page (linuxmint.com). Mint is built on top of Ubuntu, and is designed to be easier for people coming from Windows to get used to, but of course feel free to choose any Linux distro you like.

Finally, if when you restart your computer you in stead see Windows loading, wait for it to load, then restart your computer again. You will need to access the computer's BIOS by pressing a certain key (usually escape or delete). At this point I can't help you much more without knowing exactly what computer you're using, but hunt around for something that looks like "boot order" and be sure "USB" or "removable" is at the top of the list, but also being sure not to completely remove any from the list, just reorder them.

Best of luck, and please add [SOLVED] to the title of this thread if this helped you out, otherwise, feel free to come back for help!


Slow write speeds when writing onto USB flash drives

When I have lots of writing to do to external devices, I disable the write cache for the device with hdparm. Here’s how I do it:

Open Terminal
Determine the device name with fdisk:
sudo fdisk -l

Disable the write cache for the device:
sudo hdparm -W 0 /dev/sdX

Note: Be sure to replace sdX with the appropriate value.

Notes:

This setting does not persist across reboots
This may make the machine appear to “freeze” during file copies
Transfer speeds will generally be about 70% of theoretical bus throughput (based on experience)
Some people suggest using the -K option in hdparm, but I’ve not seen this improve write throughput


How to "add" space to a partitioned hard drive that has windows and Ubuntu

Gparted can resize partitions. The Problem is it can't resize the running system. So the simplest way is to boot from USB or CD - just use whatever you installed Ubuntu from - and run Gparted from there. Then it should be no problem to shrink the Windows 7 ntfs partition and make Ubuntus ext4 one bigger.


How to Install grub bootloader for Ubuntu 16.04 into a USB drive (Sandisk cruzer blade)?

I have found a solution for this. During installation I have made another partition of fat32 type and I had successfully installed grub bootloader in my device.


Do you use the Gnome3 session or the Gnome classic?
Do you use compiz or metacity as window panel?
When I start to use gnome 3, I was the same problem.
Try to install the Compiz fusion icon first.
Select your windows manager, choose Metacity.
Reload Windows manager.
I wish it will solve your problem.


Right Click menu of firefox 20 does not work in ubuntu12.04 amd64?

The culprit for me was the Firebug add-on. Disable it, restart Firefox, and the right-click issue should be resolved. Perhaps an update to the add-on would also resolve the problem.

Hope that helps! Also hope this answer doesn't get deleted by overzealous moderators.


How to turn a pdf into a text searchable pdf?

As of Ubuntu 16.04 OCRmyPDF  has become available through apt. Just run
sudo apt install ocrmypdf
ocrmypdf -h   # to see the usage

Finally you can OCR your pdf with the command:
ocrmypdf input.pdf output.pdf  # change input and output to the files you want

If it seems the command is unresponsive, you can increase the verbosity using the -v flag (which can be used incrementally as -vv or -vvv). It might be best to test the results first on a shorter pdf. You can shorten a pdf as follows:
pdftk A=input.pdf cat A1-5 output output.pdf

If you have any question have a look in the new Github Repo.


Script to convert many binary files to ASCII

Simple for loop:

for f in ./*.gz; do
    convert.py "$f" > "${f%.gz}.txt"
done

Using the find command:

find . -maxdepth 1 -name '*.gz' -exec sh -c 'convert.py "$1" > "${1%.gz}.txt"' sh {} \;

or

find . -maxdepth 1 -name '*.gz' -exec sh -c '
  for f; do convert.py "$f" > "${f%.gz}.txt"; done
' sh {} +

(there's really no advantage to using find in this case).


The Intel Matrix Storage fakeraid SSD caching setup is unsupported in Linux.  You will have to destroy the raid and use the disks independently to dual boot.


Thunderbird 8 changed default skin/theme - any way to change it back?

It looks too good to be a bug, it looks like it just got better integration. anyway, just uninstall mozillas version, and reinstall whats in the ubuntu repos.

if you installed via a mozilla beta ppa, just purge the ppa and it should downgrade to TB7.

hope this helps you out

(EDIT) this can help you with purging/managing ppas, its called Y PPA Manager

http://www.webupd8.org/2011/11/y-ppa-manager-0084-released-finally.html


It looks like /dev/vda5 is an LVM partition.  Which work differently than block devices.

You might try this link:

http://linuxwave.blogspot.com/2007/11/mounting-lvm-disk-using-ubuntu-livecd.html

I haven't worked with LVM much, but that link looks promising.


To get manpages from a package, check the list of files for files in /usr/share/man:

$ dpkg -L python-pip | grep 'man[0-8].*/'
/usr/share/man/man1/pip.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/pip2.1.gz
$ dpkg -L deja-dup | grep 'man[0-8].*/'
/usr/share/man/az/man1/deja-dup-preferences.1.gz
/usr/share/man/az/man1/deja-dup.1.gz
/usr/share/man/lv/man1/deja-dup-preferences.1.gz
/usr/share/man/lv/man1/deja-dup.1.gz
/usr/share/man/sr/man1/deja-dup-preferences.1.gz


Yes, you can do that.  Your command would be:

cat /boot/config-3.19.0-32-generic | grep CONFIG_ARCH_DEFCONFIG | awk -F'"' '{print $2}'

which would return only:

arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig

The awk command uses field separators with the -F command, and to set it to use double-quotes, you type it in with single-quotes around it like -F'"'.  Then the '{print $2}' tells awk to print the second set after the field separator.

Hope this helps!


If you have IPv6, you don't even need port forwarding! Simply get your permanent IPv6 address (based on your MAC address, so it's guaranteed to stay the same unless your ISP doesn't know how IPv6 works) and use this to tunnel in. As your IPv6 address is public-facing and allows the world to access you without having to go through your local NAT, you don't need to bother enabling port-forwarding anywhere. It will "just work."

Note, however, that IPv6 is still not really supported globally, and both your home internet connection and remote internet connection need to have fully-working IPv6 in order to do this.

However, if you're like most people and only have IPv4, there's still a way! Some routers allow you to forward specific source ports to specific destination ports, like so:

In this example, port 22 is passed directly to my machine sheepdog, while port 292 is being forwarded to port 22 on coyote.

Lastly, if your router does not have this feature, you can just change the port, as SSH is not limited to just running on port 22. You can set it to anything you want (that's not being used).

In /etc/ssh/sshd_config (you need root to edit, so sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config), there is a line at the top of the file:

# What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
Port 22

Change this to whatever you want:

# What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
Port 2992

Restart the SSH server with sudo service ssh restart, and forward the port on the router.

However, for this use case, I would consider if SSH tunnels are the right thing to do. Perhaps you should set up a dedicated VPN server on your home network? This will allow you to access your entire home network from anywhere, provided you have the proper security credentials needed by the VPN. Additionally, there is slightly less overhead with a VPN; you'd typically only need to forward one port for one machine.


Ubuntu 14.04 Google Hangouts video upside down

Regarding fixing inverted/flipped laptop webcam video in Chrome/Chromium based browsers - V4L1 will not work with Chrome. V4L2 is needed for WebRTC video.

A few days ago I updated ASUS P52F laptop to Linux Mint 18 XFCE that is on par with Ubuntu 16.04.1 now. I faced "upside down" webcam video on hangouts and facebook using Chrome web browser only. Firefox works fine. Cheese also displays video properly.

After some googling I found this bug report. In the comment 22 you can see that 2 years ago there was a 0001-Use-libv4l2-for-Linux-V4L-grabber.patch proposed that fixes Chrome/Chromium behavior. For more then a year now libv4l2 is added to Chromium, but is not enabled for Linux. You can see the whole discussion in the bug report thread. Long story short it looks like they are not actively working on fixing this for almost a year now. However, there is some ugly workaround...

You can add Flip this extension to Chrome. It allows you to flip your webcam video or any other element of a webpage. It will flip it only locally, so people who you talk to via Chrome also need to use the same trick. It's not pretty, but it's working... well, kind of ; )

After all switching to Firefox may be a better and more comfortable solution as it looks like webcam video can't be permanently flipped "upside down" with Chrome until Google fix their Linux version. Firefox worked for me in LM18 without any additional hassle. I hope it will work for you as well.


You can use the $() operator for this:

echo "$1"
time5=$(date -d "$1 5 minutes ago" +'%H:%M')
echo "$time5"


how to execute a file/script when i save a file

You could make it executable by issuing following command:

chmod u+x filename.py

Then you can run the script by entering

./filename.py

... where ./ just says that the file is in the current directory.


How do I find out what Intel Integrated Graphics Controller I'm using?

Run the following in a terminal window:

lspci -nnk | grep -A2 VGA

The output should show the required info and the driver in use.

Example:

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation System Controller Hub (SCH Poulsbo) Graphics Controller [8086:8108] (rev 07)
    Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:02c6]
    Kernel driver in use: gma500


How to rename a certain prefix in multiple files?

You can use the following command:

find -name "*-old-*" -exec rename 's/-old-/-new-/' {} \;

This searches for files containing -old- recursively beginning in your current directory and renames them by replacing the -old- with -new-.

Note: replacing old may be enough, but I included the - in case, there is a second old in the name (like my-old-Folders.doc).


How to add keyboard shortcuts to Awesome WM

You can add keyboard shortcuts by editing ~/.config/awesome/rc.lua.

open rc.lua in your favorite editor:

vim ~/.config/awesome/rc.lua

and to run firefox with Super+Shift+w add the following  line:

awful.key({ modkey, "Shift" }, "w", function () awful.util.spawn("firefox") end)

modkey is usually Super key that can be changed in rc.lua. Replace "firefox" with whatever program or command you want to run. Before defining your own keybindings checkout for predefined keybindings in rc.lua to avoid conflicts.

Another example: dmrun with Supre+r:

awful.key({ modkey, }, "r", function () awful.util.spawn("dmrun") end)

After making changes to rc.lua its important to check configuration file for errors by running the following command:

awesome -k

You should see something like this:

✔ Configuration file syntax OK


I solved this problem for anyone that has the same problem the solution is :

sudo dpkg --configure -a

After typing above command you should configure Kerio VPN server and username and password, then your connection goes through Kerio VPN and you can use it.

If you want to get rid of kerio vpn for good :

open software center and install synaptic package manager
open synaptic package manager and type kerio

It will show you Kerio VPN control packages; right click on it and click completely remove then apply


short summary about video files (resolution, size, duration, codec)

First define a shell function:

shortinfo() {
   mediainfo --Inform="General;Duration=%Duration/String3%\nFile size=%FileSize/String1%" "$@"
   mediainfo --Inform="Video;Resolution=%Width%x%Height%\nCodec=%CodecID%" "$@";
}

Now, use this shell function on your video file.  For example:

$ shortinfo sample.mp4
Duration=00:00:10.027
File size=13 MiB
Resolution=1920x1080
Codec=avc1

To make the shell function permanent, place it in your ~/.bashrc file.

How it works

mediainfo allows for custom output but, as far as I can tell, the custom output can only come from one section (general, video, audio) at a time.  This leads us to need two mediainfo commands.  The first selects information from the general category:

mediainfo --Inform="General;Duration=%Duration/String3%\nFile size=%FileSize/String1%" "$@"

The second selects information from the Video category:

mediainfo --Inform="Video;Resolution=%Width%x%Height%\nCodec=%CodecID%" "$@";

As you can see, the output allows us to insert any text we like and then substitute in file parameters using a string surrounded by percent signs, such as %CodecID%.  Information can be put on one line or spread out over several.  To insert a line break, use the string \n.

For a list of all the possible file parameters that you can put in your custom output, run:

mediainfo --info-parameters | less


Your disk is probably failing. You probably don't have a virus.

You can check your drive SMART data using smartctl -H /dev/sda, but if Ubuntu told you there's a disk error you should believe it.

Start copying your data to another drive. Stop using the drive for any other purpose in case you're destroying your documents.


Installed Ubuntu on a USB and now Windows won't boot without it.

It seems that your are booting in legacy mode (instead of UEFI). However, please make sure your HDD is in MBR instead of GPT when trying the followings. To know the format of your HDD, boot into either Ubuntu or Windows and check with its Disk Utility.

The reason for your issue is, during your Ubuntu installation, you installed grub on /dev/sda (your Windows HDD), but the grub files are on your USB flash drive (which is mounted as /boot in Ubuntu). If you don't have your flash drive plugged in, grub's loader cannot find grub's files and then it fails to load the menu.

To fix it, you need to repair your MBR on your Windows HDD, and reinstall grub on your flash drive (otherwise your Ubuntu will not boot).

To repair your MBR, try any of these: (1) How to restore Windows 7 MBR without a CD; (2) How to fix the MBR for Windows 7?; (3) https://superuser.com/questions/156339/restore-win-7-mbr-without-recovery-install-disc; (4) https://superuser.com/questions/404364/fastest-way-to-restore-windows-7s-original-mbr

To re-install grub, try How to install grub on usb flash drive?


LibreOffice personas stopped working when Mozilla moved them from getpersonas.com to addons.mozilla.org.  LO expects a getpersonas.com url pointing to a persona page, which is impossible because that site no longer exists.

The bug report is here: https://www.libreoffice.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59608

Update This has been fixed upstream, so you can get working personas again by installing the updated version from https://launchpad.net/~libreoffice/+archive/libreoffice-4-0


Is there a way to save a gnome-shell session?

Session saving was removed during the development of Natty, so presumably, it's not in Oneiric either.

  Here is a notice on what we decided during the Rally: we drop session
  saving from natty in Ubuntu. The disablement is already effective in
  natty.

  == Why removing it? ==

  We saw a lot of side effects during the previous cycles when we
  started to use multiples session (like in UNE, desktop session and
  such):
  - the saved applications contains the list of all running application, including the window manager, the panel and suchâ€¦ Consequently, we
  got a lot of patches and hack to avoid saving mutter, compiz,
  metacity, and the panels in lucid and maverick, so that when someone
  wanted to start a session, the required components from the session
  will indeed been launched instead of the saved one.
  - We tried last week to change the desktop order but it went quite wrong with a lot of settings and we had to revert it.
  - In addition to that, session saving never really worked with all the default applications we have (for instance, openoffice, firefoxâ€¦)
  and even with supported applications like gedit: the opened documents
  weren't started again, making the feature quite useless.

The information above was derived from this source (visit this link for the full details): http://www.linux-archive.org/ubuntu-desktop/478109-gnome-session-saving-dropped-natty.html

Maybe you could suspend your computer instead of logging out? I believe that "saves" your session as well, as everything is there when you bring your computer back from being suspended.


15.04 can't connect to password-protected Wifi

I would make sure that:

I typed the right password (silly, but happens more often than not!)
restart network manager
delete saved connection and add it back again (make sure to select the right authentication system)


How do I backup my Banshee listening history?

The database is a SQLite db sitting at:

~/.config/banshee-1/banshee.db

You can carry that around where you like with one caveat: You can never take a version that has run on a newer version of banshee to a computer that has an older version.

They constantly change the database layout and only provide one-direction migration code so once you run it on a newer version, that's it. All your computers need to run that version.


Unfortunately, Starry Night does not support Linux natively. You could:

Try an alternative, such as Stellarium, which is available through the Ubuntu Software Center. It's free and open-source!
Or try running Starry Night using wine. Some features may not work as expected, if you can even get it working at all. For some tips and test results, see the WineHQ Application Database. For more information on running wine, see the Communiti Wiki or search AskUbuntu.


Normally pilseaudio runs as normal user.

ps -ef | grep pulse

No need for using sudo.


If I am on workspace 1, is there a way to hide the unity buttons from running programs on workspace 2 from showing up on workspace 1?

Why not simply hide Unity side bar when not in use and then switch with keyboard shortcuts?


How do I enable microphone "sidetone" in Ubuntu?

Not sure if you still have the Problem. But I've written a little "driver" which allows to adjust the Sidetone setting under linux (You can even set it louder than on windows!).
https://github.com/Sapd/G930SideTone


Since the install get's started then the processor is not a problem. It's more likely a hardware issue which can be resolved by using the options under F6 before the install starts. Describe what happens when the install breaks so that we can give you better guidence.


I solved the problem myself:

I removed ghostscript with apt-get. I copied the displayed list of all packages which are removed automatically by removing ghostscript.

sudo apt-get remove ghostscript

After that: Autoremove surplus packages.

sudo apt autoremove

Then I installed the copied list of packages (this also causes installation of ghostscript again).
On my installation it looked like that:

sudo apt-get install cups cups-filters ghostscript ghostscript-x printer-driver-pnm2ppa printer-driver-ptouch printer-driver-sag-gdi scribus ubuntu-desktop

Old printer entry removed, new printer added --> Everything works fine.


Ubuntu Mate 20.04 - switched o Wayland UI and unable to restore initial Mate UI configuration

You can run the following commands to make sure all the correct packages are installed and this will hopefully change back some of your settings (like the notifications on the Mate desktop) by reinstalling the Mate desktop, notification daemon, and other settings related packages without uninstalling anything:

sudo apt update
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
sudo apt install --reinstall ubuntu-mate-default-settings ubuntu-mate-lightdm-theme ubuntu-mate-core mate-notification-daemon ubuntu-mate-desktop ubuntu-mate-welcome

A reboot may be needed to apply some of the changes.

Next, you don't have to uninstall GDM. You can switch back to lightdm by running:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3

Use the arrow keys to select lightdm and then press ENTER.

Next, press CTRL+ALT+F3 to switch to a TTY screen and log on with your username and password. Then, run the following commands to start lightdm:

sudo systemctl stop gdm
sudo systemctl restart lightdm

This should restart a login screen automatically or you can manually switch to the lighdm screen by pressing CTRL+ALT+F7 after lightdm starts.

Note: unlike lightdm, GDM usually runs on CTRL+ALT+F1 or CTRL+ALT+F2

Also, just in case you were't aware, you can select the Mate desktop on the GDM or Lightdm login screen.

There is usually a cog wheel you can click somewhere on the login screen (or sometimes on the status bar) that will give you a selection of desktops such as, Gnome, Gnome (Wayland), and Mate.

As for Nvidia, recovery mode won't use Nvidia drivers so this may be the reason for the errors in recovery mode.

However, sometimes a kernel update can leave you without drivers after a reboot if they aren't installed properly. Whatever the case may be, the sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall will ensure the drivers are properly installed.

EDIT

If all else fails, the following will completely reinstall the full ubuntu-mate-desktop and most related dependency packages without uninstalling anything:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install --reinstall compiz-mate compton deja-dup deja-dup-caja duplicity engrampa gir1.2-caja-2.0 gir1.2-gtk-2.0 gir1.2-mate-panel gir1.2-matedesktop-2.0 gir1.2-matepanelapplet-4.0 gir1.2-pluma-1.0 gtkhash gufw ideviceinstaller libimobiledevice-utils libmarco-private1 libmate-desktop-2-17 libmate-menu2 libmate-panel-applet-4-1 libmate-sensors-applet-plugin0 libmate-slab0 libmate-window-settings1 libmatedict6 libmatekbd-common libmatekbd4 libmatemixer-common libmatemixer0 libmateweather-common libmateweather1 mate-accessibility-profiles mate-applet-appmenu mate-applet-brisk-menu mate-applets mate-applets-common mate-calc mate-calc-common mate-control-center mate-control-center-common mate-desktop mate-desktop-common mate-desktop-environment-core mate-dock-applet mate-hud mate-icon-theme mate-indicator-applet mate-indicator-applet-common mate-media mate-media-common mate-menu mate-menus mate-netbook mate-netbook-common mate-notification-daemon-common mate-optimus mate-panel mate-panel-common mate-polkit mate-polkit-common mate-power-manager mate-power-manager-common mate-screensaver mate-screensaver-common mate-sensors-applet mate-sensors-applet-common mate-session-manager mate-settings-daemon mate-settings-daemon-common mate-system-monitor mate-system-monitor-common mate-terminal mate-terminal-common mate-themes mate-tweak mate-user-guide mate-utils mate-utils-common mate-window-applets-common mate-window-buttons-applet mate-window-menu-applet mate-window-title-applet menu-xdg mozo pluma pluma-common plymouth-theme-ubuntu-mate-logo plymouth-theme-ubuntu-mate-text python-caja python-caja-common python-fasteners python-ldb python-lockfile python-mate-menu ubuntu-mate-artwork ubuntu-mate-guide ubuntu-mate-icon-themes ubuntu-mate-themes ubuntu-mate-wallpapers ubuntu-mate-wallpapers-bionic ubuntu-mate-wallpapers-common ubuntu-mate-wallpapers-photos mate-desktop-environment software-center synaptic rss-glx mate-sensors-applet-nvidia indicator-sounds libplank-doc python-lockfile-doc mate-notification-daemon ubuntu-mate-core ubuntu-mate-default-settings ubuntu-mate-desktop ubuntu-mate-lightdm-theme ubuntu-mate-welcome

I compiled this list on 18.04 so if you get a "package not found" error, simply remove the package from the list and run again.


Ubuntu Server - Websites randomly do not respond

If it's something like "max connections" you should check the error logs from your apache server during that time: /var/log/apache2/error.log or where ever you configured your error logs.

To check the dns-problem, you can go to several dns lookup services, just type "online dns lookup" in Google and check if the results are correct. Specially check this when the problem happens next time.


Getting error from apt-get when trying to install php5 package

php5 is actually a meta-package. You should decide, whether you want to use the php5-module for apache or install the CLI/CGI-version and use that.

I'll just assume you want to go with the first option: try apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5. If that still doesn't work, check apt-cache search php5 and see if the packages are even in there, might be some mishap in your apt repository configuration.

Note: For php7, the package name is libapache2-mod-php7.0 and NOT libapache2-mod-php7 (Ubuntu 16.04).


How to disable the shutdown, reboot and hibernate options in the lightdm loginscreen?

As suggested this is my comment as the answer.

I've found a workaround: running lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings gives you the opportunity to remove the Power Menu entirely.


Copy-pasting answer from U&L as per people request

After reading kernel sources, I found a function we need to blacklist!

Thanks to Stephen Kitt for the hint about initcall_blacklist.

Add initcall_blacklist=dw_i2c_init_driver to the kernel command line. This works for me on kernel 4.15.0.

For anyone else who'll find this answer. You can do it by editing /etc/default/grub:

Run in the terminal: sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub.
Append blacklist string to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="… initcall_blacklist=dw_i2c_init_driver".
Save the file, close the editor.
Run in the terminal: sudo update-grub.
Reboot and test!


Why is my Intel 2200BG wifi card hard-blocked?


Ubuntu is about using the stable versions of software (at the moment of release of that specific version of Ubuntu).

This means apt-get will not install the latest possible version of a specific package. Using a 3rd party installer will (likely) install a newer version of that package. That is the basic difference.

If the 3rd party software is designed well it will install itself outside of the normal install procedure apt-get uses and install itself in either /opt/ or in a user chosen directory (/home/$USER/$software/ for instance). And it should (in theory) also install inside its own directory all the libraries and dependencies needed for it to run.

apt-get (in theory) is more stable than 3rd party.
3rd party installer (in theory) is a newer version than apt-get.

  Should I be installing my JVM technologies using SDKman or apt-get?

We can't make that decisision for you.


Is it possible to get emesene to work with MeMenu?

Actually there is no way for an external app to integrate with the MeMenu(if you mean the "place" where you can change your status). So it's not completely an emesene's fault.
By the way there could be a solution and i'll force the emesene's guys to fix that.


How I can run .exe file with monodevelop, without running it through compiler?

Just find the .exe file in your project directory and run it as needed.
What I mean as needed if it is a GUI project then open as normal .exe, but if you need to see the command line you want to open with mono runtime (terminal).


12.04 Dual Boot with Desktop and Server - what order to insall?

It really doesn't matter, just install server then desktop if you want an arbitrary recommendation, it makes no difference other than the fact that the last installed one will be the default boot option in grub


In case it's helpful for anyone, there is a solution, thanks to fossfreedom and his excellent answer. I copied the .desktop file of the application to my home directory and edited the line beginning with Exec= to include the file I want to launch. For example, Exec=appname /home/filename and then I dragged the edited .desktop file to the Unity Launcher.


Nvidia GPU temperature shown twice in conky

Try your code/shell script in a terminal to see exactly what it will output. It's probably supplying the double results, then you can troubleshoot it in a terminal.

nvidia-settings -query GPUCoreTemp | perl -ne 'print $1 if /GPUCoreTemp.*?: (\d+)./;'

Just saw your updated Q, with the output from nvidia-settings it's printing the temperature twice for some reason. One of them contains "gpu" which is easy to grab with a grep to then pipe only one temp into your perl script, so this should work

nvidia-settings -query GPUCoreTemp| grep gpu | perl -ne 'print $1 if /GPUCoreTemp.*?: (\d+)./;'

And if it all gets put together into the conkyrc it should look like this:

${execi 60 nvidia-settings -query GPUCoreTemp| grep gpu | perl -ne 'print $1 if /GPUCoreTemp.*?: (\d+)./;'} °C

Conky should only print what the shell returns to it, and testing exec codes in a terminal is more enlightening than running through Conky, can see error messages that Conky ignores (I think it only uses stdout).

I don't have nvidia-settings so I can't test it, but here are some alternative scripts / commands that should return the GPU's temp; you'll have to look at the output of nvidia-settings to determine what to search for & cut, if it's changed & these don't work anymore.

From  1st forum find

nvidia-settings -q gpucoretemp -t
nvidia-smi -a | grep Gpu
nvclock -T

From 2nd forum find

nvidia-settings -q gpucoretemp |grep '):' | cut -d ' ' -f 6,6 | sed -e 's/.\{1\}$//'
nvidia-settings -t -q localhost:0/gpucoretemp


Performance of Ubuntu in VirtualBox on maxed out iMac

After scouring the internet, I found this link: https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=90446&start=60

Pretty much Virtualbox does not play nice with iMac's hiDPI resolutions.

Per the link above, I installed this piece of software: https://github.com/avibrazil/RDM

And set my resolution to a non hiDPI resolution. Now the performance of my Ubuntu VM runs great!


Put the Ubuntu OS in a flash drive (not SD card-it doesn't work!). Put the flash drive into your PC. After that start it. When your computer logo appears (not OS logo) , press F12 several times. You will see a black menu with several elections. Press enter on that with the name of your flash drive (on which you installed OS). You will see "try Ubuntu without installing" and "install Ubuntu" . Press enter on "try Ubuntu without installing" . Install Ubuntu, but click the option "reinstall Ubuntu" (not "erase disk and install Ubuntu" !).

You are ready!
Your Ubuntu OS will work, but your Windows-not.
Before clicking the file to install Ubuntu, click Files->Computer->home and copy all your files: Documents, Downloads, Pictures, Music, Desktop and Videos. Copy them on another flash drive or SD card to backup your files (or copy them on "Google Drive" or other similar site).

To make your Windows work too, do the absolute same, as to make your Ubuntu work!
Just empty the flash drive with Ubuntu OS and install on it Windows OS. On the other flash drive, with your Ubuntu documents and etc. , or SD card, make another folder for the files from the Windows system.


Hardware game port on Ubuntu Studio 20.04

Ubuntu Studio can most certainly use the MIDI port on your sound card. You can install the basics with:
sudo apt install ubuntustudio-audio linux-lowlatency

You probably already have ubuntustudio-audio installed, but there's no problem having it here just to make sure. Once these packages are installed, follow this step-by-step from Khairil Yusof. He goes through the process of configuring JACK, PulseAudio, and a few other things.


What does juju destroy-service do exactly

This can be somewhat context sensitive, and I'll try to outline that here.

juju destroy service does a few things. First it sends a command to the juju state server that every unit in this service group is to be destroyed. This then has a chain reaction into the following events:

The state server signals to the service (charm) that it is going to be destroyed
The charm breaks any relationships to its service that are established which calls:

relationship-broken
relationship-departed

The charm calls its own stop hook - and this is where it gets context sensitive.

The stop hook is typically responsible for a few concerns.

Stopping the service
removing any responsible application files/configuration that were populated during the service lifecycle.
Preparing any backup(s) of the service that are required to restore (in a well formed charm)

The service is then removed from the juju topology, along with any units that made up that service group.

The resulting machine is tagged dirty so it's not reused for a new deployment and left in the environment for you, the orchestrator, to fetch any leftover data if you wish, and can then be terminated with:

juju destroy-machine #

The # being the unit number of the machine.


Why is a user with root privileges not in ~ anymore?

The reason why the home of the root user is /root and not /home/root is because usually /home is a mount point to a separate partition/volume/disk... (for various reasons, such as disk space, or remote, ...)

If for some reason mounting /home would fail, you could still connect as root and be in your /root home directory to investigate and fix things

Moreover, for maintenance, initial setup, resizing, ... you would be connected as root and should be able to unmount/remount /home


E: The repository 'http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-old-releases Release' does not have a Release file

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (bionic from 2018-April thus 18.04) is not an old-release, ie. it's currently supported and not EOL (old-releases is for EOL releases).

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS has 5 years of standard support so is supported until 2023-April, then moves to ESM or extended support before finally having it's repositories moved from archive.ubuntu.com to where you're file is looking - old-releases.ubuntu.com

You need to change old-releases.ubuntu.com to archive.ubuntu.com for that entry in your /etc/apt/sources.list file


How to troubleshoot booting to a black screen on VirtualBox

I had this problem and my solution was simple.
Somehow, my VirtualBox configuration for the VM (Ubuntu) was changed after a VirtualBox upgrade. My guest VM was Ubuntu 64 bits and it was configured as 32-bit version. To change:

Open VirtualBox
Select your virtual machine and click on Configurations
Go to General
Change the version to Ubuntu (64-bit)


How do I install drivers for the Atheros AR8161 Ethernet controller on 64-bit 12.10 using an Internet-connected 32-bit 12.04 PC and a USB flash drive?

No need to compile anything or upgrade via a USB wireless card; you can download an updated kernel plus the required driver from quantal-backports on packages.ubuntu.com, copy them to your 12.10 machine with a usb key, install them from the command line (dpkg -i *.deb), then reboot. The files you need are:

linux-headers-3.5.0-18_3.5.0-18.29_all.deb
linux-image-3.5.0-18-generic_3.5.0-18.29_amd64.deb
linux-image-extra-3.5.0-18-generic_3.5.0-18.29_amd64.deb
linux-image-generic_3.5.0.18.21_amd64.deb
linux-libc-dev_3.5.0-18.29_amd64.deb
linux-backports-modules-cw-3.6-3.5.0-18-generic_3.5.0-18.2_amd64.deb
linux-backports-modules-cw-3.6-quantal-generic_3.5.0.18.2_amd64.deb

Check the actual version numbers available at packages.ubuntu.com, as the package names and filenames will change with each new kernel version. The second last package in that list contains the actual kernel modules, in this case for 3.5.0-18. The last one is a meta package, linux-backports-modules-cw-3.6-quantal-generic, that will always depend on the latest version of the compat-wireless linux kernel modules. You'll need this one installed so that the next time you upgrade your kernel, you'll also get the new version of the kernel modules you need.


avconv -i input.264 -c:v copy output.mp4

Alternatively,

MP4Box -add input.264 output.mp4

You can install MP4Box with

sudo apt-get install gpac


How to install simplegui using terminal?

First install

sudo apt-get install python-setuptools

Then

sudo easy_install simplegui

You don't have permission to write to /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/test-easy-install-8242.write-test it is owned by root.


What exactly does `update-alternatives` do?

It updates the links in /etc/alternatives to point to the program for this purpose. There's lots of examples, like x-www-browser, editor, etc. that will link to the browser or editor of your preference. Some scripts or system tools may want you to edit a file manually (e.g. configuration conflict in dpkg) and they'll look into the alternatives to give you the editor of choice. For java, this is the Java runtime environment - Oracle's, OpenJRE, etc.

The links in /etc/alternatives are just symbolic links. You can see them using for example

ls -l /etc/alternatives

Moreover, the regular /usr/bin binaries are also symlinks. E.g.:

ls -l /usr/bin/java
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Aug 14 10:33 /usr/bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java
ls -l /etc/alternatives/java
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 46 Aug 14 10:33 /etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java

So, no PATH has to be modified. It just uses symbolic links.


How to enable ssl in NGINX using Goddady certificate?

So you're falling into quite a few pitfalls, as well as your SSL cert problems.

So let's go through this bit by bit.

SSL Certificates for NGINX

Unlike Apache, you can only provide a single ssl_certificate line in a server block; extra ones will cause problems or the thing to ignore certificates.

NGINX certificates need to contain the following in this order:

Your site / serer_name's  specific cert
The CA certificates chain.  This is provided by GoDaddy along with your certs in their ZIP files.

You can usually do this by something like cat sitecert.crt ca-cert.crt > sitecert.fullchain.pem, then use the sitecert.fullchain.pem file in your NGINX configs.

SSL Configuration

NGINX configuration for SSL needs to be the following (note that other config bits are stripped out or replaced by # ... to indicate you need to configure bits at this point for whatever the rest of your config is):

server {
    listen 443 ssl;

    server_name example.com;

    ssl_certificate /path/to/sitecert.fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/sitecert-private.key;

    # ... Site specific configs here
}

This fixes several things:

This uses the proper listen 443 ssl; line.  You should not be using ssl on; as this is considered old and deprecated.
This uses the full-chain of certificates and the key and has them in a sane order.


I am unable to change the permissions of my "Shared Parallels Folder" as it is owned by Root. How do i change this?

Try the below command to change the owner of Shared Parallels Folder directory from root to $USER,

sudo chown $USER /path/"Shared Parallels Folder"


SOLVED:
ethtool eth0 |& tail -1 | awk '{print $3}'


Touchpad stopped working on an Acer AspireOne D255E

My daughter complained that the touchpad had stopped working on her Acer Aspire One Happy2 that runs Ubuntu 11.10. It turned out she had accidentally pressed Fn + F7 which disables the touchpad rather than Fn + F8 to mute.

Pressing Fn + F7 brought it back to life.


Lenovo Flex 1480 w/ intel GPU brightness control doesn't work Ubuntu 16.10

I have added to grub GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_osi=Linux"

After sudo update-grub

and rebooted, xbacklight seems to be working. So I have bound keys to increase and decrease brightness. But still, it isn't working with fn+f11 and fn+f12, it seems to be undetected by the computer somehow (I tested it out with scancode).

This is a fine workaround for now.


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS - unwanted apps start after logging in

This issue is now solved. I went to "System settings" >> "Workspace" >> "Startup and Shutdown" >> "Desktop Session Login and Logout" and under "On Login", selected "Start with empty session". This fixed the issue.


Open pre-defined windows automatically when opening Byobu

If you read man byobu , specifically WINDOWS section, it says:

  Users  can create a list of windows to launch at startup in
  $BYOBU_CONFIG_DIR/windows and $BYOBU_CONFIG_DIR/windows.tmux.  This
  file is the
         same syntax as ~/.screenrc and ~/.tmuxrc, each line specifying a window, as described in screen(1) or tmux(1).

So running byobu and doing echo $BYOBU_CONFIG_DIR tells me the files are in /home/username/.byobu. Now, windows file didn't work, but windows.tmux file, did do the trick of opening bash, nano, and htop. Basically, that's what i have there.

$ cat .byobu/windows.tmux
new-session bash ;
new-window htop ;
new-window nano;

Now, since I am not so well versed with tmux, much less tmuxrc file, I can only give you this much. There is a -c flag, for starting directory, so for example I could do new-session -c / bash ; to start in root directory. But so far I've no idea how to make vi launch with a file


Unfortunately, it appears that Ubuntu 11.10 will still have TeX Live 2009, rather than either 2010 or 2011. As Ingo Gerth says, you can subscribe to bug 712521 and use the green "This bug affects..." link near the top of that bug page, to indicate that you are affected by this.


I find it when I put 'Wireless' as a search item in the dash. If it is still not found, open a terminal and do:

sudo ndisgtk

Of course, you may install Windows wireless drivers entirely from the command line. We'll be happy to assist you.


How to create snappy nodejs web application

I'm picking up the replies in the comments to the question here.

snapcraft has a nodejs plugin which makes bundling very easy. You can pass node-packages which are then bundled with the app, using the standard package.json file will work too.

You can also specify node-engine which will define the version of nodejs you want the snap to run on.

A simple example of this can be found in the snapcraft code. Another one using grunt can be found in the snappy playpen.


The first issue on installing unzip is because of insufficient permissions. Chances are that you might have tried to install unzip with
apt-get install unzip. This is not enough.
You need to install unzip by:

  sudo apt-get install unzip

Chances are that unzip already exists in your system.
It would be the most common scenario. You can verify the install by the command

  which unzip

For your second issue, you are seeing a .zip.part extension because the the zip file was not completely downloaded. You can either try to download it again from the same source or choose a different source.


Ubuntu cannot activate network after each update. How to fix this?

If you are on an HP Pavilion, try blacklisting the following kernel modules:

acer-wmi

acer-wireless

Edit the /etc/modeprobe.d/blacklist file and add those to the list.

Run the following command if that doesn't work:

sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service


Did these log entries record an intrusion to the server?

Those are probably from a cron job. From Securing Debian Manual. Chapter 11 - Frequently asked Questions (FAQ)

11.2.3 I found users doing 'su' in my logs: Am I compromised?
You might find lines in your logs like:
 Apr  1 09:25:01 server su[30315]: + ??? root-nobody
 Apr  1 09:25:01 server PAM_unix[30315]: (su)
   session opened for user nobody by (uid=0)

Don't worry too much, check out if this is due to a job running through the cron (usually /etc/cron.daily/find or logrotate):
$ grep 25 /etc/crontab
25 6    * * *   root    test -e /usr/sbin/anacron || run-parts --report
/etc/cron.daily
$ grep nobody /etc/cron.daily/*
find:cd / && updatedb --localuser=nobody 2>/dev/null


How about

search for #ServerRoot "/etc/apache2"
if found, read and append the next line into sed's pattern space
search the appended pattern space for an empty line after the newline, and substitute ServerName localhost for that

Putting that together,

sed -i '\|#ServerRoot "/etc/apache2"| {N;s|\n$|\nServerName localhost|}' /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

In case the 'empty' line actually contains whitespace, you could modify that to

sed -i '\|#ServerRoot "/etc/apache2"| {N;s|\n\s*$|\nServerName localhost|}' /etc/apache2/apache2.conf


I'm the author of the kernel autobuild cited in your question (sakaki) and can see no reason it shouldn't also work for 16.04 on an RPi4B (at least for console boot; you'll need an appropriate version of mesa to fully leverage the RPi4's graphics capability etc.)

PS the:

enable_gic=1

line in (/boot/)config.txt is redundant with modern kernels and can safely be omitted.

Any questions feel free to email me (sakaki@deciban.com).

Good luck ^-^

S.


Install Microsoft ttf fonts on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

This should help.

sudo apt-get install ttf-mscorefonts-installer


I have decrypted ecryptfs encrypted /home, now what?

I've solved the problem quite quickly after I posted. Sorry for not posting this immediately.

What I did:

I had about 300 Gb of data on a 1Tb drive. So I created another partition large enough to hold the data, mounted it and copied everything to the new partition using the cp command.

cp -R /tmp/ecryptfs.5vNHafiU /NEW_PARTITION/MOUNTPOINT  the extention of the ecryptfs folder will be different for yours.

At this point I could've used the standard ubuntu live usb install method, however I came across a bug report post saying that it would fail, where the op's system was, very similar to mine, completely destroyed(bit of an exaggeration).

Instead, I ran the ubuntu boot repair. To be frank I am not sure what it did, I'm certain that it reinstalled GRUB, but apparently it reinstalled ubuntu as well since that's what happened.

P.S I noticed that PonJar also commented this method, I much appreciate that.


How to identify the process that's sending error messages to terminal?

lsof "$(tty)" does what you ask, by listing what has your terminal open for read or write.
You can check what has been writing to your terminal if it still has your terminal open, which is usually the case, at least if it is still running. It is possible for it to have output an error message to your terminal, closed the file descriptor for it, but kept running. But the more likely reason you wouldn't be able to check is if the process itself runs only intermittently.

jobs shows your background jobs. If you've run the process yourself with & so it runs asynchronously--or suspended it with Ctrl+Z--and it is still running, then the jobs builtin will show it unless you have disowned it.
In case that's not enough, lsof "$(tty)" lists everything that has your terminal open for reading or writing. This works even in the rare case of something that writes to your terminal without ever having been started from it or being descended from some other process that was.
But for your specific situation, I do recommend reading the part at the end of this answer that addresses that error message.

It is possible that you have many graphical programs that have your terminal open for write:

This can happen if you're running a major part of your desktop environment (that launches many other programs) from your terminal, such as Unity or another graphical shell.
In particular, if you have run a command like unity --replace & from your terminal, that would explain unexpected errors from applications appearing in it.
Then if your goal is to silence the messages, you should either not run it or run it in a different way (or from a different terminal). The best approach there would depend on why you're running it.
You can run pstree to see your process tree, which may help.

Your terminal device is a "file" and you can pass its filename to lsof.
You can get a list of processes that have the current terminal--the terminal in which you run the command--open for reading or writing, by passing the path to its device node to the lsof command. Since tty outputs that path, you can run it and then run lsof with what it shows you, or you can use any of the following:
lsof "$(tty)"        # "$(tty)" may expand to /dev/tty1, /dev/pts/0, /dev/pts/1, etc.

lsof $(tty)          # bad form, but device names rarely have whitespace/globbing characters

lsof `tty`           # same as above, just with the old disfavored backtick syntax

lsof /proc/$$/fd/1   # the shell expands $$ to its own process ID (fd/0, fd/1, or fd/2 work)

The output will usually look something like this, if the only programs you're running in your terminal are your shell and--of course--lsof itself:
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() tracefs file system /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
      Output information may be incomplete.
COMMAND   PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
bash    27763   ek    0u   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0
bash    27763   ek    1u   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0
bash    27763   ek    2u   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0
bash    27763   ek  255u   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0
lsof    29311   ek    0u   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0
lsof    29311   ek    1u   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0
lsof    29311   ek    2u   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0

If you have more things running that read from or write to your terminal, they should be shown. Note that the commands shown above must be run from the terminal where you see the annoying messages. You can do this from a separate terminal, too, but you must give lsof a path to the terminal you're interested in. For example, you can run tty in the terminal you want to know about, then use the path it shows you as the argument to lsof in the terminal you want to run it from.
Regarding access and permissions, you may be wondering:

The tracefs warning may or may not appear for you. Either way, you probably needn't worry. Usually it's from the debug filesystem being altogether unavailable rather than being restricted to you, so...
It's possible you would benefit from running lsof as root with sudo, but probably not. Usually you can view information about all processes, and even if your system is configured not to allow that, whatever is doing this is probably running as you anyway.

Some processes appear more than once, because they have your terminal open more than once. I don't really recommend trying to show only processes that have your terminal open for write, though, because:

When the same process appears multiple times, they are shown together, so the extra entries should not be confusing.
It's rare anything but your shell and programs you run from it are reading from your terminal. You can usually view these with jobs anyway, which gives one line (or fewer) per process. If you're using lsof, you want details.
Processes that appear just once have your terminal open only for write (or only for read), and those are of special interest.

An lsof example: cating from one terminal to another.
You don't have to do this--it's really just a demonstration. This section exists only because:

You may see nothing that explains your problem in the output of lsof and want some kind of confirmation that it really is showing you processes that write to your terminal, even if they were not started from it.
You may be interested in how this works and want to try it out in a situation that you control.
Other readers who are interested in this topic for different reasons may want more explanation than appears in the preceding section, so they can figure out how to use this to solve their own different problems.

If you just run tty in your terminal, by itself, it prints the path to your terminal's device node:
ek@Io:~$ tty
/dev/pts/0

This will not always be /dev/pts/0. You can open another terminal and run tty and the path will be different. Go ahead and do that.
In the second terminal, run cat but redirect its output to the first terminal. To do that, run this but replace /dev/pts/0 with whatever tty showed you when you ran it in the first terminal:
cat >/dev/pts/0

Type text in the second terminal and press Enter. It will appear in your first terminal.
In the first terminal, run any of the lsof commands shown above.
ek@Io:~$ lsof "$(tty)"
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() tracefs file system /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
      Output information may be incomplete.
COMMAND   PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
bash    27763   ek    0u   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0
bash    27763   ek    1u   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0
bash    27763   ek    2u   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0
bash    27763   ek  255u   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0
cat     29476   ek    1w   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0
lsof    29479   ek    0u   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0
lsof    29479   ek    1u   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0
lsof    29479   ek    2u   CHR  136,0      0t0    3 /dev/pts/0
Your terminal won't highlight the line with cat--I just did that to show the difference.
(In the second terminal where cat is running, you can quit it by pressing Ctrl+D at the beginning of a line, or just by pressing Ctrl+C. If you type text on a line and then  press Ctrl+D, that will flush the input buffer even though you haven't pressed Enter, and you will see the text on the first terminal.)
Debugging "Failed to open VDPAU backend" Errors
Although that's a general answer to the question of how to find what's writing to your terminal and it may well help you, there are other approaches you should consider, for the particular problem you've described here. Aside from kernel messages on virtual consoles--which this is not--messages shown in your terminal usually come from some program you have run from your terminal, or some program that one of those programs has run, etc.
As NickTh's answer says, if you're not manually running anything from your terminal that seems like it could produce those messages, check the files your shell may run commands from when it starts, especially .profile and .bashrc (as NickTh mentions) because those are the ones you're likely to have modified.
The error you are seeing probably isn't a bug in MPlayer itself, but instead in a library it uses, which is used by many other programs. If you are running any graphical programs from your terminal--especially if you have placed them in the background with &, so they run asynchronously with your shell--then one or more of them is almost certainly the reason you're seeing these messages. Web browsers are particularly likely to produce them, mainly because they may run plugins, such as Adobe Flash, that use the affected library.
There are a number of bugs reported on Launchpad about error messages like this one. Bug 808254 is particularly similar to what you have described. Bug 1300215 is especially prominent, though it involves an Intel video driver. You can search Launchpad for text from the message to find more bugs. You may find workarounds--either just for silencing the messages or for doing more about the bug--in such bug reports and their comments. In addition, while the other question linked to in NickTh's answer is about the problem is it occurs in MPlayer and has several MPlayer-specific workarounds as answers, the currently top-voted answer is not specific to MPlayer and may work for you.
If you're running many programs from your terminal, you may have seen many entries in the output of lsof (if you decided to use that method in your troubleshooting). One way to figure out which program is producing the output is to run your programs from separate terminals. This works even if your separate terminals are started from each other--a GUI terminal emulator like GNOME Terminal does not pass the error messages or other text that it displays up to the terminal from which it was itself run (if any). Similarly, one way to stop being bothered by this problem--assuming the annoying messages are the only real problem--is to not run things from your terminal  that you don't want output from in your terminal. Normally you can achieve this by using your graphical menus instead. But please see the top of this answer for why you might be running more from your terminal than you need or intend.


How to handle situation where old kernel works, new kernel doesn't?

GRUB
re: "Can I make grub boot with the old kernel by default?"
Yes. Edit /etc/default/grub and change/add the following:
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true

Then sudo update-grub.
Now, GRUB will remember the last booted kernel, until such time that you select a different one.
old kernels
re: "Can old kernels be uninstalled automatically?"
This is now done via the Software Updater application.
BIOS
Dell Inspiron 3793
re: "Original kernel: 5.4.0-26 (working) New kernel: 5.4.0-53 (not working)"
Newer versions of Ubuntu/kernel seem to prefer that the latest BIOS is installed.
You have BIOS 1.11.0.
There's a newer BIOS available, version 1.12.0, dated Nov 3, 2020, and can be downloaded here or here.
Installation instructions are here.
Note: Verify that I have the correct web page for your model #.
Note: Have good backups before updating the BIOS.


How to check the logs for openstack-autopilot

How long did you wait for bootstrap? It will fail on its own if it takes too long, and then the app will give you an option to file a bug with logs attached.

On to your specific question, though, the more interesting logs, if you want to watch details about an ongoing deployment, are on the landscape-server/0 unit in /var/log/landscape-server. Specifically, /var/log/landscape-server/job-handler.log. That file will have details about the ongoing deployment.


Adding gmail.py increases conky's load time

I found a possible solution using $texeci. What it does is

  Runs a command at an interval inside a thread and displays the output.
  Same as $execi, except the command is run inside a thread. Use this if
  you have a slow script to keep Conky updating.

So, now when I run my conky it dislpays all my conky objects first and than it auto-fill Gmail field after a few seconds.

PS: I am still open to other alternative answers.


Can I install the Cinnamon DE on Ubuntu GNOME? If so, how?

To Install, use:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:embrosyn/cinnamon
sudo apt update
sudo apt install cinnamon blueberry

Steps to remove Cinnamon from the system:

Completely remove Cinnamon 3.0

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/embrosyn-cinnamon*.list
sudo apt purge cinnamon* libcinnamon* nemo* libnemo-extension1 cjs libcjs0e blueberry gir1.2-cinnamondesktop-3.0 gir1.2-meta-muffin-0.0 libmuffin0 muffin-common
sudo apt autoremove

Purge the PPA

sudo apt install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:embrosyn/cinnamon

Known issues:

In Ubuntu 16.04, Ambiance and Radiance themes have some issues in Cinnamon, like missing shadows for CSD apps.

Fix:

sudo apt install numix-gtk-theme

After installtion logout and choose cinnamon desktop from login screen.

Source:

http://www.webupd8.org/2016/04/how-to-install-cinnamon-30-in-ubuntu.html

https://launchpad.net/~embrosyn/+archive/ubuntu/cinnamon


apt-get install python-dev is failed to unmet dependency

Try running

 sudo apt-get install -f

I was facing similar problem which some other packages and it worked.
I hope you have already ran this command.


Why do I get the following error when trying to install from mounted ISO in virtualbox?

check cd image by md5 checksum and compare it with checksum-file on server.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuHashes


This problem is not critical and is just a matter of the configuration file probably containing values that should have been written differently. You don't need to do anything as it's not going to affect your usage of the program.

It is also probable that this only happens because you are using LibreOffice from the Document Foundation (built for any Debian system) and not for Ubuntu specifically (and thus having any Ubuntu-specific patches). Ubuntu builds (such as those in the LibreOffice PPA) would have any changes needed to run on Ubuntu already built in.

By the way, I would suggest using this PPA or waiting for newer versions to land in the default repos rather than using the "normal" builds for the above mentioned reason. LibreOffice 4.0 is included in Ubuntu 13.04, so if you are on 12.04 or 12.10, chances are it will come downstream to you as well in the not-so-far future.


How can i make a desktop shortcut to the game UT2004?

Make some file with extension `.desktop`

and write this in

  [Desktop Entry]
    Name=Unreal Tournament 2004
    Exec=gksudo aoss ut2004
    Icon=(select an icon and write its path here)
    Type=Application

then you need to write your password every time you run application but its OK.

Other way

We will make script and make .desktop file to that file, don't know will this work or no but give try.
Make file called for example aoss
and write this in:

  #!/bin/bash
     gksudo aoss ut2004

save file than open terminal and type thins command in

  chmod +x aoss

and than look at how to create .desktop file and create .desktop file to that scrypt


Build fails after not enough RAM even after swap

I switched from source building to Prebuilt chromium and it fixed. Track the Prebuilt changes from Omni gerrit by typing: 'Prebuilt chromium cm'. This error is related to low memory (RAM). The one who has 8GB+ RAM, he/she don't need Prebuilt chromium :-)


First problem to do this comparison: how to decrease the influence of User Interface at the results?

My first solution was to use Lubuntu as both 11.04 and 11.10 has the same LXDE environment (see below the Old). But latter I thought what now sounds obvious: how can someone compare Gnome versions not using Gnome? o_O The comparison had to be done otherwise. So it was. ;-)

I created a virtual machine with VirtualBox then installed 11.04 and Oneiric Ocelot one alongside the other. After that the guest addons were installed and the systems rebooted.

I opened a terminal and type uname -a to see some information:

11.04

Oneiric Ocelot

Then I use the command top to see the running processes and memory usage:

11.04

Oneiric Ocelot

The graphical monitor:

11.04

Oneiric Ocelot

At last I opened in this sequence: Firefox, Libreoffice, Banshee.

11.04

Oneiric Ocelot

Conclusions

With top we can see that in both the 4 most resource intensive processes are in this order:

compiz > Xorg > gnome-terminal > top

The System Monitor shows that
11.04 was using 271.9 MiB of RAM and ~20% of the CPU
while
Oneiric was using 345.1 MiB of RAM and ~20% of the CPU.

After opening some programs these values come closed:
11.04 was using 482.6 MiB of RAM and ~20% of the CPU
while
Oneiric was using 481.1 MiB of RAM and ~20% of the CPU. The swap partition has been used with 19.0 MiB

I think that maybe Oneiric is preloading some libraries so apps can load faster. This would explain why 11.04 has initially less RAM usage but after opening some programs the RAM usage comes virtually equal.

So while some could argue if it is or it isn't fair to compare an alpha to a premium software, these numbers shows just a little change.

Enjoy ;-)

Old
Trying to eliminate others variables to isolate Gnome-3 vs Gnome-2 comparison I've downloaded Lubuntu 11.04 and Lubuntu 11.10 alpha-3. (Here comes another problem: is it fair to compare an alpha software with a premium software? Later I will come back to this point.)

I created a virtual machine with VirtualBox then run both Operating Systems with virtual Live CD.

Then I opened a terminal and type uname -a to see some information:

11.04

Oneiric Ocelot

Then I use the command top to see the running processes and memory usage:

11.04

Oneiric Ocelot

The graphical monitor:

11.04

Oneiric Ocelot

At last I opened in this sequence: Chromium, Archive Manager, Abiword, Gnome MPlayer.

11.04

Oneiric Ocelot

So we can see that Oneiric with LXDE is using less cpu and less memory even at an alpha version. I'm happily surprised here. But after all things are as they should be: evolving for the better.

Hopefully this can ease the intuitive belief that Gnome is getting heavier. (Became heavier is the natural evolution of others systems, not here ;-) )


Find the files of a particular user or group

You can use the find command:

find /path/to/directory -user root

For example:

$ find /var -user gdm
/var/lib/gdm
/var/lib/gdm/.config
/var/lib/gdm/.config/gnome-session
/var/lib/gdm/.config/gnome-session/saved-session
/var/lib/gdm/.config/ibus
/var/lib/gdm/.config/ibus/bus
/var/lib/gdm/.config/dconf
/var/lib/gdm/.config/dconf/user
...


You just need to change the options you have listed in /etc/fstab to something like defaults, user which is the same as rw,suid,dev,exec,auto,user,async. This should allow any user of the system to mount the device. The owner of the block device is what is listed in your second output. That can be changed by chown'ing the block device, but shouldn't be needed if you change the permissions of the folders under the root folder of that device.

Good Resources:
Wikipedia
Tuxfiles


Combining non-contiguous unallocated space into existing Ubuntu partition using a Ubuntu live system's gparted?

Backup important data.

Move/Resize

Boot into Live USB or DVD drive. Open Gparted.
Move the swap partition to the end.
Now resize the ext4 partition to cover all the space.

You may get a warning "Moving a partition might cause your operating system to fail to boot"

This is just a blanket statement. This process might take quite some time don't interrupt also make sure that there is no power failure during this time.** If in doubt don't go for it.**

The following steps can be done now or if there is a problem in booting after resize process. (I had to do this once.)

Mount the ext4 partition on /mnt

sudo mount /dev/nvme0n1p7 /mnt

Check the UUID of partitions. Run

sudo blkid

Check the UUID in /etc/fstab

sudo -H gedit /mnt/etc/fstab

The UUIDs should correspond. If not, change in fstab and save.
To install and update grub. Mount bind some folders

for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys; do sudo mount --bind $i /mnt$i; done

Chroot /mnt

sudo chroot /mnt

Install grub

sudo grub-install /dev/nvme0n1

Update grub

sudo update-grub2

Un mount all

exit && for i in /sys /proc /dev/pts /dev; do sudo umount /mnt$i; done && sudo umount -l /mnt

Reboot.


What caused the problem

Checking out ppa.launchpad.net/chris-lea/node.js/ubuntu/dists/, vivid is not a child directory, meaning it is not supported.  This is because ubuntu 15.04 vivid vervet is at it's end of life (see wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#End_of_life).

Solution 1: Upgrade your Ubuntu OS to 16.04.
This version should be stable for a long time (~2021), and so is likely to remain supported by Node for a similar duration.  Then you'd have to update the ppa you're using and sudo apt-get update.

Still, that's a lot of work. You could try

Solution 2: install from source or debian packages.
The instructions on nodejs.org seem pretty comprehensive. I want to say installing from  debian packages from nodesource worked for me on ubuntu 15.04, but honestly I might have used

Solution 3: use nvm to upgrade. Instructions can be found here.


Lubuntu 12.10 64-bit: programs won't run

Try installing the proprietary ATI drivers for your video card (called fglrx). You can find a fairly comprehensive how-to guide on this. As the guide itself says, however, the easiest way may be to use the Hardware Drivers manager. I'm not sure if this is accurate, but according to an earlier answer, the drivers manager can be found in Lubuntu under Preferences > Software Sources > Additional Drivers (as of Quaztal).


How to figure out why FTP isn't working?

First of all, make sure that vsftpd service is running using the following command:

sudo systemctl status vsftpd.service

If it isn't: sudo systemctl start vsftpd.service

Next, you'll need to make sure that you can connect to your ftp using your server itself (with the loopback):

ftp 127.0.0.1
[YOUR_USERNAME]
[YOUR_PASSWORD]

If your user has logged in, that means that the problem isn't coming from the vsftpd service itself. I'm guessing that it might be because of the FTP connection mode. There are two connection modes on FTP: Active Mode and Passive Mode.
Here's a brief explanation of this two modes:

Active Mode:

1. Client connects to port 21 of server (Command Channel)

2. Server connects FROM port 20 to a port specified by the client (DATA)

Passive Mode:

1. Client connects to port 21 of server (Command Channel)

2. Client connects from random port to a port specified by the server (DATA)

By default, FTP client applications use Passive Mode because it is more
"secure". So, with this mode, the port forwarding of port 20 (DATA CHANNEL) is obsolete because the external client (Internet) is trying to connect to another port for the Data Channel. So, you'll need to switch to the Active Mode so that the Data Channel connection is done by the server (who uses the port 20 to send) rather than the client.

As the following picture shows, in FileZilla client, you can switch to Active Mode:

The ftp command uses by default the Passive Mode as well. To force it into Active Mode, you'll need to do the following:

ftp [YOUR_FTP_SERVER_IP]
passive

By doing so, the passive flag will be set to false and the Data Channel will use the Active Mode (if you do it again, it'll set it back to true).
(Sources: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix_commands/pftp.htm https://serverfault.com/questions/152245/how-to-disable-passive-mode-in-linux-ftp-command)

I hope my explanations weren't too confusing...


Can't connect to wired Internet with ubuntu 18.04 desktop.1 on workstation pro 15 but can connect use virtual box

I want to delete this question about my stupid mistake!
and I finally successfully connect Internet,and reasons are there:

1.go to device manager of Windows to check attribute about NIC information,check Connectivity.
2.if your physical computer has several NICs,you must explicitly set a NIC bridge connected with virtual switch which connect to all VM.otherwise,It will choose a NIC with more bandwith.

In my situation,
there are two NIC:

Intel Ethernet Connection I219-LM | not connected but more bandwidth
Intel Ethernet I210-T1 GbE NIC  |connected with lower bandwidth

so do not set bridge to automatic in Virtual Network Editor,explicitly set one!


Ubuntu 14.04 cannot connect to a particular network

Okay I have a similar campus wireless network and it has the same settings as you mentioned above. Please click the configure button beside the "choose a network authentication method" section and uncheck "Automatic Windows logon" and click "OK". Now you may try to connect to the network.


I'm guessing this is related to ACPI not working as it should.
Try enforcing the power interface as a boot option to see if this fixes it.

First open a terminal and try

sudo update-grub
sudo init 0

and see if it turns off properly (i'm guessing it won't, but just to make sure).

If it does not, reboot, when grub appears press e, this should show your boot parameters

linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=<something-something> quiet splash

add acpi=force to it

linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=<something-something> quiet splash acpi=force

hit enter to boot, now try to shut it down again and see if it turns off.

If it does, you can make this option permanent by editing the grub config.

Make a backup of your current grub.cfg (just in case)

sudo cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.backup

Now open the file in an editor, like

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

And search for

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

and change it to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi=force"

save it, and run

sudo update-grub

and try shutting down again. This is the same as before, but permanently added, if you want to go back/restore your backup, remember to run update-grub again, after changing the config.