Python 3.8 is a part of your operating system and many tools depend on it.
When you remove Python from your system you have removed these tools as well.
If you are using Desktop version and I assume you do, you will not be able to boot to the desktop but the system should boot to CLI mode.
Login and remove the version of python you have installed from /usr/local/lib/ and /usr/local/bin/
Make sure your networking is up.
ip -br add

It should return information about interfaces and their state. Since networking tools such as netplan and network-manager rely on python, they are removed as well.
Enable the port:
sudo ip link set dev {port label} up

If you have dhcp server:
sudo dhclient

If you use static IP:
sudo ip addr add {IP address}/{mask in CIDR} dev {port label}
sudo ip route default via {gateway IP}
sudo systemd-resolve --set-dns=8.8.8.8 --interface={port label}

If you have entered correct information you should have internet access.
Now let's reinstall all packages that your command would remove:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y\
  apg apparmor apport apport-gtk apport-symptoms aptdaemon aptdaemon-data apturl apturl-common avahi-utils command-not-found cups-pk-helper dc deja-dup distro-info-data docbook-xml duplicity firefox foomatic-db-compressed-ppds fprintd gdb gdbserver gdm3\
  gedit gedit-common gir1.2-accountsservice-1.0 gir1.2-atspi-2.0 gir1.2-dbusmenu-glib-0.4 gir1.2-dee-1.0 gir1.2-gck-1 gir1.2-gcr-3 gir1.2-gdm-1.0 gir1.2-geoclue-2.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0 gir1.2-goa-1.0 gir1.2-graphene-1.0 gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0\
  gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0 gir1.2-gtksource-4 gir1.2-gudev-1.0 gir1.2-gweather-3.0 gir1.2-ibus-1.0 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0 gir1.2-json-1.0 gir1.2-mutter-6 gir1.2-nm-1.0 gir1.2-nma-1.0 gir1.2-notify-0.7 gir1.2-packagekitglib-1.0 gir1.2-polkit-1.0\
  gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-rsvg-2.0 gir1.2-secret-1 gir1.2-snapd-1 gir1.2-soup-2.4 gir1.2-totem-1.0 gir1.2-totemplparser-1.0 gir1.2-udisks-2.0 gir1.2-unity-5.0 gir1.2-upowerglib-1.0 gir1.2-vte-2.91 gir1.2-webkit2-4.0 gir1.2-wnck-3.0 gkbd-capplet\
  gnome-control-center gnome-control-center-faces gnome-getting-started-docs gnome-menus gnome-online-accounts gnome-session-bin gnome-session-common gnome-shell gnome-shell-common gnome-shell-extension-appindicator gnome-shell-extension-desktop-icons\
  gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock gnome-startup-applications gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-user-docs gvfs-backends hplip hplip-data ibus ibus-data ibus-table ippusbxd language-selector-common language-selector-gnome libamtk-5-0\
  libamtk-5-common libbabeltrace1 libc6-dbg libcc1-0 libcdio-cdda2 libcdio-paranoia2 libcdio18 libcolord-gtk1 libdmapsharing-3.0-2 libdw1 libfprint-2-2 libglu1-mesa libgnomekbd-common libgnomekbd8 libgpod-common libgpod4 libgsound0 libgssdp-1.2-0\
  libgupnp-1.2-0 libgupnp-av-1.0-2 libgupnp-dlna-2.0-3 libhpmud0 libimagequant0 libldb2 liblirc-client0 libmspack0 libmtp-common libmtp-runtime libmtp9 libmutter-6-0 libnetplan0 libnfs13 libpam-fprintd libpython3-stdlib librsync2 librygel-core-2.6-2\
  librygel-db-2.6-2 librygel-renderer-2.6-2 librygel-server-2.6-2 libsane-hpaio libsgutils2-2 libsmbclient libtalloc2 libtepl-4-0 libtevent0 libwbclient0 libwhoopsie-preferences0 libwnck-3-0 libwnck-3-common libxatracker2 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0\
  libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-res0 libxcb-xkb1 libxcb-xv0 libxfont2 libxkbcommon-x11-0 libxklavier16 libxmlsec1-openssl libxres1 libxss1 libxvmc1 libyelp0 lsb-release mobile-broadband-provider-info mscompress mutter mutter-common\
  nautilus-extension-gnome-terminal nautilus-share netplan.io network-manager-gnome networkd-dispatcher openprinting-ppds orca plymouth-label plymouth-theme-spinner plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text printer-driver-foo2zjs\
  printer-driver-foo2zjs-common printer-driver-hpcups printer-driver-m2300w printer-driver-postscript-hp printer-driver-ptouch printer-driver-pxljr printer-driver-sag-gdi python-apt-common python3 python3-apport python3-apt python3-aptdaemon\
  python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python3-bcrypt python3-blinker python3-brlapi python3-cairo python3-certifi python3-cffi-backend python3-chardet python3-click python3-colorama python3-commandnotfound python3-cryptography python3-cups python3-cupshelpers\
  python3-dateutil python3-dbus python3-debconf python3-debian python3-defer python3-distro python3-distro-info python3-distupgrade python3-entrypoints python3-fasteners python3-future python3-gdbm python3-gi python3-gi-cairo python3-httplib2\
  python3-ibus-1.0 python3-idna python3-jwt python3-keyring python3-launchpadlib python3-lazr.restfulclient python3-lazr.uri python3-lib2to3 python3-lockfile python3-louis python3-macaroonbakery python3-mako python3-markupsafe python3-minimal\
  python3-monotonic python3-nacl python3-netifaces python3-oauthlib python3-olefile python3-paramiko python3-pexpect python3-pil python3-pkg-resources python3-problem-report python3-protobuf python3-ptyprocess python3-pyatspi python3-pymacaroons\
  python3-renderpm python3-reportlab python3-reportlab-accel python3-requests python3-requests-unixsocket python3-rfc3339 python3-secretstorage python3-simplejson python3-six python3-software-properties python3-speechd python3-systemd python3-talloc\
  python3-tz python3-uno python3-update-manager python3-urllib3 python3-wadllib python3-xdg python3-xkit python3-yaml python3.8 python3.8-minimal rhythmbox-plugin-alternative-toolbar rhythmbox-plugins rygel samba-libs sgml-base sgml-data snapd\
  software-properties-common software-properties-gtk ssh-import-id switcheroo-control syslinux syslinux-common syslinux-legacy system-config-printer system-config-printer-common system-config-printer-udev totem-plugins ubuntu-advantage-tools\
  ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-desktop-minimal ubuntu-docs ubuntu-drivers-common ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-release-upgrader-core ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk ubuntu-session ubuntu-standard ufw unattended-upgrades update-manager update-manager-core update-notifier\
  update-notifier-common usb-creator-common usb-creator-gtk whoopsie-preferences x11-apps x11-session-utils x11-xkb-utils xbitmaps xbrlapi xfonts-base xfonts-encodings xfonts-scalable xfonts-utils xinit xinput xml-core xorg xserver-common xserver-xephyr\
  xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-libinput xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-legacy xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-fbdev xserver-xorg-video-intel\
  xserver-xorg-video-nouveau xserver-xorg-video-qxl xserver-xorg-video-radeon xserver-xorg-video-vesa xwayland yelp yelp-xsl


You don't need to uninstall/remove the speech-dispatcher to achieve a proper shutdown. Just remove it from automatic start/stop at the time of system boot/shutdown.

Use the command:

sudo update-rc.d -f speech-dispatcher remove


Single list item stopping package manager

What I suggest is clear the lists and obtain a fresh copy.

Clear the List(s):

Command:

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

Obtain a Fresh Copy of Lists:

Command:

sudo apt-get update

See if that rectifies the problem. :)


Asus Zenbook UX31E heats up and fan works constantly with 12.04

The problem is not with your software install. This is a known problem with the "Sandy Bridge" architecture of the CPU. Historically, this CPU runs hot resulting in the fan running constantly. There are few options for cooling the CPU.


Most of the confusion from a SSH session may arise from the fact that we always have to be aware of three locations to get the commands right.

In the following I will refer to @home as the place where we actually physically sit and to @remote as the machine we SSH to. As soon as we have opened a SSH session on the remote machine the terminal will execute all following commands on the remote machine. This is visualized by the prompt:

admin@home:~$: we sit in our home machine in the HOME directory
user@remote:~S: we are logged in as user in his HOME on the remote machine

What we want:

In case we want to copy files from the remote to our home we have to be aware of where we sit, i.e. on which machine the command will be executed:

admin@home:~$ scp user@remote:/remote_path/source.file /home_path/

will execute scp command on our home machine to copy source.file from the remote_path on the remote machine to the home_path in our home machine.

What we probably don't want

If we executed the following:

admin@home:~$ ssh user@remote
user@remote:~$ scp user@remote:/remote_path/source.file /home_path/

it will not quite be what we intended in that then scp was executed on the remote machine to copy the source.file to the /home_path on the remote machine. To make the source and destination clear we would issue

user@remote:~$ scp user@remote:/remote_path/source.file admin@home:/home_path/

Then source.file would be indeed be copied to home_path but only if the remote machine (where scp is executed) can open a SSH session to our home machine.

We could further extend the usage of scp to copy files from one remote1 machine to another remote2 machine by:

admin@home:~$ scp user1@remote1:/remote1_path/source.file user2@remote2:/remote2_path/

Advanced copy using rsync

As scp has some limitations we may want to use rsync to copy files instead. Here is an example how this would be invoked:

admin@home:~$ rsync -avze ssh user@remote:/path/source_dir/ /path/destination_dir

This will exactly clone all files from the remote source_dir to the destination_dir on our home machine.


I was previously trying to install mic by hand from sources and that left some python files related to mic in /usr/*

Now that I've cleaned /usr/* from those, the package installs and mic runs.


If you would exactly specify your case of finding words i.e in what way you need to find the desired word(s), then we can make a regular expression ( basically a language of pattern which the computer understands ), then the grep utility find that expression for you as correctly pointed out to you in the comments above by Parsa Mousavi.


Check the source code for progress_bar in the below git repository

https://github.com/Kiran-Bose/supreme

Also try the custom bash script package:

Install deb file from above repository

Functionality overview

(1)Open Apps
----Firefox
----Calculator
----Settings

(2)Manage Files
----Search
----Navigate
----Quick access

            |----Select File(s)
            |----Inverse Selection
            |----Make directory
            |----Make file
                                          |----Open
                                          |----Copy
                                          |----Move
                                          |----Delete
                                          |----Rename
                                          |----Send to Device
                                          |----Properties

(3)Manage Phone
----Move/Copy from phone
----Move/Copy to phone
----Sync folders

(4)Manage USB
----Move/Copy from USB
----Move/Copy to USB


Generally in XFCE keyboard shortcuts the shortcut key Ctrl+F5 is configured to switch to workspace 5, if you do not have any workspace 5, then hitting ctrl+f5 wont do anything.

To resolve it goto,

  Applications Menu > Settings > Settings Manager > Window Manager

check the Keyboard tab, and find the option which has Ctrl+F5 configured as short-cut key,

clear that short-cut key.

you should be able to use Ctrl+F5 key now for chrome.


built-in webcam and microphone not working (12.02 and 14.04)

Please check the following:

If the camera is external, check the cable and/or port it is plugged in.
If the camera is internal, press the hardware switch for the camera Fn+F7 (or another function key or sometimes a button on the camera itself or ...)
On very rare occasions, on a dual boot system, the camera might have been turned off inside Windows and then it needs to be activated there again if the BIOS doesn't allow that.


Your VM is virtual, so its graphics processor is virtual too. For this reason you can't install the proprietary graphics driver for the graphics card in your physical machine in a virtual machine. Instead you should use the graphics driver that is included in VMware. Allocating more video memory in the VMware settings may alleviate the low-graphics mode problem. In VMware Workstation 11 up to 2GB of video memory can be allocated for additional workload processing power. VMware Workstation 15 and later supports virtual graphics memory up to 3GB. You don't need to be able to boot the Ubuntu guest OS to change its settings in VMware.

You may be experiencing this recent bug: Unity/Compiz in a crash loop after login, after mesa updates of 2018-01-04 which has also caused low-graphics mode when booting. There is no solution for the bug yet, but there are two workarounds for it until the bug gets fixed by a software update.

If you have periodically saved snapshots of the Ubuntu guest OS as you should always do, boot to a snapshot that was saved before January 4, 2018 when the bug was reported.
If you can boot into recovery mode install another desktop environment:

sudo apt install --no-install-recommends xubuntu-desktop

Alternatively you can replace xubuntu-desktop with lubuntu-desktop in the above command.


how to configure Firefox icon for Wayland

Move the export command into ~/.profile.   ~/.bashrc is only run when starting a Bash session, wheras ~/.profile is run with any session (including desktop sessions)


How can I get desktop notifications on irssi?

There seems to be a couple kicking about:

https://github.com/stickster/irssi-libnotify (previously at http://code.google.com/p/irssi-libnotify/)

or..

http://wahjava.wordpress.com/2008/06/15/irssi-notifications/

They're just Perl scripts you drop into ~/.irssi/scripts so you could tweak them to suit you.


http://startubuntu.ru/?p=94002

this is the answer) i found it )


Having "PAM adding faulty module: pam_winbind.so", "… pam_kwallet5.so", "… pam_kwallet.so" on start of smbd, ssh, cron daemons - why and how to fix?

These warnings may be removed by installation of the corresponding packages:

sudo apt-get install libpam-kwallet4 libpam-kwallet5 libpam-winbind

But I got the interesting result - my user is listed only in its group.

Fixed this problem by removing both kwallet packages:

sudo apt-get purge libpam-kwallet4 libpam-kwallet5

The mentioned KWallet problem is known on LaunchPad as bug 1781418.

So it was a bad idea to remove these warnings. I'll remove PAM winbind too for sure:

sudo apt-get purge libpam-winbind


I'm late to this party, but I ran into this today and thought I'd throw my two cents in. According to some posts I've read, this is because "logOption" is called by another library (in this case, "snmp") which needs to be specified in the config file. The man pages make no mention of this, but it should look like this in /etc/snmp/snmptrapd.conf:

[snmp] logOption -f "/var/log/snmptrapd.log"

Hopefully that helps someone else.


You are installing (or) upgrading wine from official store and you already have installed via ppa. That is the problem.

Install ppa purge sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

Purge the ppa for wine.


No answer, but this may be related to one of these two bugs:

Login Loop problem with 10.10

or Hitting send at login seems to restart X

I had a problem with GDM restarting (once) each time when trying to log in after upgrading to Maverick Alpha, upon installing GDM on top of an existing ubuntu Server install.

The solution for me was to remove GDM and GDM configuration files and reinstall.

ONLY RECOMMENDED if you can't get another solution.


How to remove/ignore most recent kernel?

An nice application is available in the Software Centre which should help you.  Its called "Startup Manager".

It looks like this:

Choose the Kernel you wish to default to in the drop-down list and then click Close to complete.


How to view files by date added on in ubuntu 18

You can do something like this:

find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -ctime -3

The "." means the current directory. You can replace the "." with a path to another directory.

mindepth and maxdepth of 1 will limit the list of files to just ones in that directory. If you want to see files in subdirectories too, then take those out.

ctime is the create time. you can also use mtime which means last modified time or atime which means last accessed time. The number after is in days (e.d., 3 days).  -3 means less than three days. 3 means exactly 3 days. +3 means more than 3 days. You can use all three times at once:

find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -ctime -3 -mtime -3 -atime -3


Ubuntu works different than Windows. Ubuntu for example doesn't have a registry so less unused stuff is collected. There's no direct need to reinstall Ubuntu regularly although it won't hurt things. Since there are regular new releases of ubuntu in a certain way you're refreshing from time to time.

Ubuntu does not really require virus scanners because there are no known viruses (but sometimes there are vulnerabilities) therefore ubuntu is not slowed down by a virusscanner.


OpenGL/3D Acceleration / Working Graphics Driver on Ubuntu 14.04 on MacPro6,1 (Black Cylinder)

Unfortunately no luck here with 3D acceleration, I tried fglrx, fglrx update, radeon and vesa. Only the last one works but you have to specify:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"

in your /etc/default/grub


Yes as Elder Geek suggested I used a bash script

This is the script I used

#!/bin/bash
for folder in */
do
  7z a -mx7 -mmt "${folder%/}.7z" "$folder"
done

You can personalize this part to your preferences, more information on this

7z a -mx7 -mmt

If you do not want to read that article, this is what information will be very useful: you see -mx7 in above line, if yes you can set the last number from 0 to 9. That will tell 7 zip what compression mode to use 0 means store and 9 is ultra mode so if you write -mx0 it will compress very fast but the file size will be big. if you write -mx9 then compression will take more time but the file size will be small.

So what do you do with above text. You create a text document you paste the above text into it and save it. you can name it what ever you want, for example (test)

then open terminal and cd into the directory where your folders are that you want to compress.

type in the terminal: bash then space and drag and drop your created text file into terminal and press enter.
 you terminal commend might look like something like this

bash '/home/uname/Desktop/test'

it will start compressing and after it is finished you will have your compressed files.


How can I view Youtube videos in Tor browser?

The Tor Browser will block browser plugins such as Flash, RealPlayer, Quicktime, and others. Those plugins can be manipulated into revealing your real IP address and harming your anonymity and privacy. Therefore, it's not recommended to install additional addons or plugins into the Tor Browser.

The lack of plugins means that Youtube videos are not available by default, but Youtube does provide an experimental HTML5-player as an opt-in feature that works for most videos. Follow this link to enable this feature.


How to find out if the Windows are still bootable?

To check windows is still there and boot from it go to Boot-options by pressing Esc or any other key when your power on your laptop
If windows is working then fix your boot by boot-repair


How can I get bigger window buttons in unity ?

If you are planning on customizing the button size for Ubuntu, you could always modify your theme.
In the terminal, you can run:
sudo nautilus

This will allow you to get root privileges for your file explorer.
In /usr/share/themes and /usr/share/icons there are themes and icons to give you an example of how to make your own.
I recommend copying these files and editing them to see their effects.
Don't forget to use the Unity Tweak Tool to try out the changes you've made.
If you don't like your changes, you can always revert back to the original with the tweak tool.
Good luck!


Display works weird after installing new kernel

The problem was in booting with grub using gfxmode keep; changing it to text or removing this line solved the problem.


According to the Arch wiki this might be caused by deactivation of SMB1. SMB1 is deactivated by default since Samba 4.11 (at least on Arch). Adding the following to /etc/samba/smb.conf might solve to error:
[global]
client min protocol = CORE


Ubuntu 18.10: Installing nvidia drivers leads to black screen after GRUB

I had this issue too with the nvidia drivers and Ubuntu 18.10. I found a thread on the French Ubuntu website which helped me. It's a fix for Ubuntu 17.10 but it worked for me on 18.10.

Try this:

Edit /etc/gdm3/custom.conf:

sudo gedit /etc/gdm3/custom.conf

Here uncomment the line

#WaylandEnable=false

which becomes also

WaylandEnable=false

Don't forget to save!

With this you should be able to install the nvidia drivers (I'm using the 390 version which works for me).

Source


you are missing an underscore (_) in line 30 between smtpd and relay:

smtpd_relay_restrictions = [...]


I assume that you cannot access the secondary, 500GB drive.

Open a terminal emulator and verify that the disk is recognized by the kernel:

egrep 'sd[a-z]' /proc/partitions

You'll probably see sda[0-9] and the second disk should usually be detected as sdb, but that depends on what other usb-storage devices are connected.

If the above command shows anything other that sda[0-9], try this

blkid | egrep 'sd[a-z]'

This will print a list of disks and/or partitions (depending on how your disks are configured) their UUIDs, file system types and labels (if applicable).

If you need more help, please paste output from those commands.


Windows home server mount don't work properly

Try by setting the RW (read write) switch...  Like this for example:

//192.168.1.3/Videos /home/janco/mnt/videos cifs username=Janco,password=---,rw 0 0

I presumed that your "---" is where you put your password.

or this:

//192.168.1.3/Videos /home/janco/mnt/videos cifs  username=Janco,password=password,iocharset=utf8,sec=ntlm

or even this:

//192.168.1.3/Videos /home/janco/mnt/videos smbfs  username=guest,password=,uid=1000,iocharset=utf8,codepage=unicode,unicode  0  0


"Command not Found" Errors when Sourcing my Env

Thanks to helpful comments, I was able to remove the variables I didn't need until cron stopped complaining.

command not found

Errors were silenced by removing the LS_COLORS line from my .env file. The fg: no job control error, as I understand it, was caused by these two lines:

LESSOPEN=| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s
LESSCLOSE=/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s

because the shell was interpreting %s as fg.
This is unique to my case, but it got my cron jobs working with my expect scripts, so I'm satisfied with this outcome.


I had that exact same problem.

Turns out I had just messed up my .profile script.

I logged in using Alt + Ctl + F1 at the login screen and fixed the error.


Multicolor barcodes around windows and context menus

As Rafal said it's a known bug that should be fixed with the next release: https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/990898/suspend-corrupts-window-manager-after-upgrade-to-378-09/?offset=30

In the meantime I solved the bug by restarting compiz: compiz --replace

Another solution is to downgrade to the previous driver version ( https://askubuntu.com/a/896544/657603 ):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt purge nvidia*
sudo apt install nvidia-370
sudo reboot


How to find the attached devices UUID through terminal?

Try this, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, list devices by entering:

ll /dev/disk/by-uuid


Go to Usermin Configuration
Go to Ports and Addresses
Change Web Server Hostname


Difference /usr/share/grub/default/grub and /etc/default/grub?

The difference is that all of the files in the /usr/share directories are example configuration files. They are files that can be copied into the /etc directory, the place where all your configuration files reside that are used by the system. /etc/default/grub is the file you edit to make your changes with GRUB. Once you are done making your changes to the file, you run grub-update to have grub update and use your new settings.
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

These are the only ones I have ever really edited. The DEFAULT tells the OS to boot by default; never usually edit this one. The TIMEOUT_STYLE here tells it to hide the GRUB menu; to have a menu put that there. TIMEOUT tells grub to wait that many seconds before booting the default entry. The CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT entry tells it to boot without text scrolling (quiet) and with a splash screen (splash); remove those to have "" and you get to see the boot messages scrolling by when booting. Very handy to see where it is failing, and no reason to get all out of sorts if you do see the odd failure there if it does not affect the functioning of the system. The last, CMDLINE_LINUX, I have never really had to edit; it is where you add option(s) that need to be passed into the kernel at boot to enable functions in the kernel or to correct a quirk at boot.


Try the new version of bumblebee comes with a new primus system with better performance than optirun:

http://raw.github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/master/doc/RELEASE_NOTES_3_1

There are still issues to work out, like what David Airlie calls "reverse optimus" to make HDMI and other video outputs work straight from the nVidia card:
http://airlied.livejournal.com/76723.html

Please join this team if you are new by clicking on the "Join Team"
link at the right of the Launchpad page. It's important to have as
many users in the community as possible to request for appropriate
support, even if you found a non-obvious way to make it work for you.


I had this same problem and just stumbled upon this solution https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/simple-scan/+bug/848575/comments/3

Brother provides packages brscan, brscan2, brscan3, ..., which contain necessary drivers. Unfortunately, the shared libraries (drivers) are stored below /usr/lib64 and /usr/lib64/sane, but scanimage tries to load them from /usr/lib and /usr/lib/sane.

So, the solution is to copy or link these files to the proper directories

ln -s /usr/lib64/sane/libsane-brother* /usr/lib/sane
ln -s /usr/lib64/libbrscandec* /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/lib64/libbrcolm* /usr/lib

The 32 bit version doesn't have this problem, because the shared objects are stored in the correct location.


Is there any way to set up pin or password for a directory and file in ubuntu?

You can use ccrypt to encrypt files, use it as follows:

# prompts for the password, encrypts the file and adds “.cpt”
ccrypt /path/to/file

# prompts for the password, recursively (`-r`) encrypts every file
# in the directory and its subdirectories and adds “.cpt” to every file
ccrypt -r /path/to/dir

# prompts for the password, decrypts (`-d`) the file and removes the “.cpt” ending
ccrypt -d /path/to/file

To encrypt a whole directory as one single encrypted file it needs to be packed first, e. g. using tar:

tar cf - /path/to/dir | ccrypt > /path/to/file.tar.cpt # without compression
tar czf - /path/to/dir | ccrypt > /path/to/file.tgz.cpt # with compression

See the manpage for more!

To simplify this you can write a script with these commands and add it to your file manager to get e. g. “Encrypt” and “Decrypt” options in the dropdown menu.

Of course there are other ways to achieve what you want, here some links:

How can I easily encrypt a file?
What is the easiest way to encrypt a dir? (on Ubuntu)


I want to know if I can have two music libraries

Unless you tell your music players to sort them, they usually will leave the files' structure on the disk alone. So you can have multiple music players sharing the same library folder, or having different library folders, and so on.


The stick should work already, since the Debian wiki has an article claiming it was supported since Linux 2.6.32 (see your linux version with uname -r).

Also, please edit your answer so it conforms to this specification: http://wiki.debian.org/HowToIdentifyADevice/USB

The drivers are often included by the manufacturer even if you have a more recent version in your kernel. Don't worry about the shipped driver.


With your problem with the .bashrc file, your method of specifying this only:

PATH=/usr/local/jre1.7.0_51/bin:
export PATH

likely overwrote the original $PATH - including those already specified. so, to add /usr/local/jre1.7.0_51/bin as a path, in a similar manner to my suggestion above:

echo 'PATH DEFAULT=${PATH}:/usr/local/jre1.7.0_51/bin' >> ~/.pam_environment

This should add it as a path without overwriting the others in $PATH. It should work if you reboot/logout & login/something like that - you will see it in echo $PATH if it works.


How to change clock and calendar language in Ubuntu 16.04?

I followed this prompts above, after opening language support I was prompted to install language updates and going to region formats and chose English United States and rebooted. Then my calender changed to English.


Don't remove gdm3 because if you ever have a problem with lightdm you can revert back to the default gdm3 login display manager. You can switch back and forth from gdm3 to lightdm by running this command:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3

This will bring up a new screen allowing you to select either gdm3 or lightdm as the default login display manager. Use the arrow keys to select either gdm3 or lightdm, press the Tab key to put the focus on <OK> and press Enter. Then run sudo reboot to reboot.


Don't Delete.
These are lists of packages available, if you delete them you won't be able to install anything. Unless you make them again by apt update and then same size of space will be needed.

If you have extra kernels

sudo apt purge $(dpkg -l|egrep 'linux-image-[0-9]|linux-headers-[0-9]'|awk '{print $3,$2}'|grep -v `uname -r|cut -f1,2 -d"-"`|sort -nr|tail -n +4|awk '{ print $2}')

may clear some space.


Difference between alternate and desktop 64 bit? and how do i find out which one i am using now?

If it is using the alternate it wouldn't be a "live" usb, alternate is an image that installs without booting a "live" Ubuntu.

The download for the .iso should include -alternate in the name, example: ubuntu-12.04.1-alternate-amd64.iso

I suggest using the regular download because of issues with booting the alternate on usb.

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop

For help creating a live usb this question may help: How do I install Ubuntu from an USB drive / create a live USB-stick in Windows?


bash script exits unexpectedly when rebooting remote server through ssh

Run the shutdown command in background, this did the job for me:

#!/bin/bash

ssh root@remote-ip "some-command > /dev/null; shutdown -r now &"

uname -a

some-command > /dev/null: runs some-command and redirects the output to /dev/null, so I don't get any output as you said.
shutdown -r now &: runs the shutdown command in background and leaves the shell for getting further commands.
uname is my #do other things for test purpose, which will be executed right after remote system is going down; )does not waits for it to be complete).

There are other ways to achieve this result too, e.g you can run the whole command in background:

ssh root@remote-ip "some-command > /dev/null; shutdown -r now" &

Or run it in a sub shell:

$(ssh root@remote-ip "some-command; shutdown -r now")

Although I suggest the first one, meaning running the shutdown command in the background of remote machine.


Ulimit for user asterisk inside an LXD container

To change limits inside a container the container needs to have the
sys_resource privilege.

this capability is being dropped in whichever file in /usr/share/lxc/config/* is included from within the main container config file.

If you add the ulimit command to an init script that starts the
container you don't need to alter the privileges as it will inherit
the limit from the init script.
In lxc 2.1 there will be support for setting limits in the config
file using lxc.prlimit.[limit name] - see RESOURCE LIMITS


Unusual event occurred when upgrading from 18.10 to 19.04

Use "Tab" button to navigate to "ok" button. Matter will resolve.


I also once got the following:

main interface error: no suitable interface module
main libvlc error: interface "default" initialization failed

what I did was:

Purge all VLC related packages. Not delete but purge. In the example below there could be some packages missing from the purge list:

sudo apt-get purge vlc vlc-data vlc-plugin-pulse vlc-nox

If you are missing VLC packages simply do an apt show vlc or apt-cache search vlc but I recommend aptitude because of the friendly level compared to apt which is better: aptitude search vlc or aptitude show vlc. Both will show the packages, the former will show what packages you actually have installed. Remove those.
After you have removed ANY trace of VLC then make sure you don't have any conflict between 2 or more repositories that offer the VLC package or make sure you do not have an Alpha, Beta, Snapshot PPA that offers daily or not tested VLC packages. Type software-properties-gtk and it should open the Repository manager. Select Other Software and start looking in there for any VLC like PPA. Disable it or remove it.
Lastly go to /var/cache/apt/archives and remove all DEB packages (This is the cache folder for downloaded packages). This will make sure that when you tell apt to install the vlc packages again, it won't take the cache one but will download a new/working one instead. By doing sudo rm -fr *.deb INSIDE the /var/cache/apt/archives folder you will remove all deb packages in it.
After doing all 3 steps mentioned already, do a sudo apt-get update followed by an sudo apt-get upgrade. Wait until all repositories are updated and everything was updated and then do sudo apt-get install vlc. If you want, before installing VLC again, reboot PC to make sure no process, symlink or anything is still lurking around. I am being a bit paranoid here but the time this problem happened to me I followed 2000 tutorials to solving it. None work.


How to repair/restore after 'sudo chmod / 777'?


sendmail is a generic command. As sendmail was an extremely common and widely used MTA, many scripts made previously assume sendmail is installed if e-mail is used.

This has forced other MTA's to emulate parts of sendmails behaviour.

If you have a look at postfix' file list you will see that it provides /usr/sbin/sendmail.

You do not have to install the sendmail MTA, but installing postfix with sudo apt install postfix will provide you with the sendmail command that emulates the behavior of the original sendmail's sendmail command.


Why does tr "\oo" " " not replace the "\" character?

\o is not a special character, like \n, so why is the \ not converted into a space too?

Because the shell and GNU tr appear to deal with unknown backslash sequences differently.
When the shell sees "\oo", it leaves the backslash as-is (I think that's the required standard behaviour). But when tr consequently gets \oo as its first argument, it interprets the \o as just o. Busybox's tr deals with this differently, this prints only spaces echo "\oo" | busybox tr "\oo" "  ".
Conclusion, don't rely on undefined backslash sequences, but escape the backslashes when they are meant to be taken literally.
E.g. use echo '\oo' | tr '\\o' '  ' instead. (The single quotes protect the backslash from the shell, the second backslash escapes the other for tr.)


Why I cannot create a folder inside wherever I want

By default only root can edit /var/www/

Use

    sudo chmod 771 /var/www/

To change the permission to allow group users to write to it.


What's the command to open the Unity Dash?

Install the package xdotool (sudo apt-get install xdotool) and use

xdotool key super


Is it possible to install Ubuntu in UEFI/EFI boot mode?

Yes, it's possible to install Ubuntu 12.04 on an EFI-based system. Yes, there are also potential problems. Secure Boot is one potential problem. Another is that some computers have broken EFI implementations that don't honor their NVRAM boot loader settings, meaning you must copy your boot loader file to EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi on the EFI System Partition (ESP). There are an assortment of other potential minor EFI-specific problems, most of which are fairly rare.

In a worst-case scenario, you should be able to install Ubuntu in BIOS/legacy mode -- most EFI motherboards support this type of operation. This may be limiting in the future, though, particularly if you've got an over-2TiB disk and you want to install Windows to it.

Overall, I'd say: Just try it. If you run into problems, look for help in the forums or check here. (There are lots of EFI-related questions here, along with answers to most of them.)


Remove the old flash (if necessary)

sudo apt-get purge flashplugin-installer

Extract the contents

tar xvf flashplayer11-2_p3_install_lin_32_122011.tar.gz

Copy the library

sudo cp libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/

Restart firefox


Ubuntu 15.10 having troubles with internet connection (first time boot)

I have figured out the problem myself.

I went into

/etc/network/interfaces

and below everything else I added:

dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

To use Google's DNS servers. This seemed to fix my problem.


How can I run compiz-fusion effects with ATI Radeon x1250?

It would be REALLY hack-ish, but you could install the old driver from here:
http://www2.ati.com/drivers/linux/ati-driver-installer-8.42.3-x86.x86_64.run
and follow the guide here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=588605
....might be more pain than it's worth though, and it will effectively move you into the "unsupported" bracket.

Yes, I know that how-to is OLD(3 years), but it gets the old driver installed-ish and working sort of.


Now installing Ubuntu the same warning as when trying to install gparted - Warning - Error fsyncing/closing /dev/sdb: Remote 1/0 error

The system is suggesting that you run fsck on the problem drive.  You can't (safely) run fsck on a mounted disk.

You have to boot from a Live USB disk, then run the command while the drive isn't mounted.

Your output from the comments and chat is showing that you have one drive in your computer /dev/sda

You inadvertently tried to install Ubuntu 16.04 on a USB drive which is /dev/sdb (the output of the error message) which isn't formatted correctly for Linux.

Boot to the Live Disk and use the Install option type, Install Alongside Ubuntu.  The option will give you a slider to decide how much space your new install will get.  Since you mentioned you'll be deleting the Ubuntu 17.10, move the slider to provide as much space to version 16.04 as you can.

After you have created your new 16.04 install you can work from there and backup your date from your 17.10 install.  Then boot to the Live Media again and delete the 17.04 partition and add it to your new working 16.04 installation.

Alternatively, outside the Alongside option you can choose, something else, and specify the partition for the install.

In the chat you said you don't have any data you want saved from the previous install (which is on /dev/sda1).  In such case you can specify that partition for the destination.

Having a swap partition isn't imperative, but I would recommend a swap partition as part of your configuration.  So in order to include a swap partition, you'd best boot into the Live Disk, run gparted, then create a swap partition that is one and a half size of the amount of ram you have in your computer.  Then specify the other partition as your root drive / when you get to the option of where to install Ubuntu.

You can find the details of the install option (with pictures included) by navigating the official Ubuntu Download site.  Look at:
The Official Installation Guide with Pictures


How to feed pre-configuration while installing mysql using apt-get

echo mysql-server mysql-server/root_password password root | debconf-set-selections
echo mysql-server mysql-server/root_password_again password root | debconf-set-selections

then install the mysql

apt-get install mysql-server


bell turbo stick is not connected to Ubuntu 14.04

please review this guide http://www.westernwillow.com/cms/blog/franco/making-bell-turbo-stick-work-ubuntu by Franco Nogarin to make it work in Ubuntu.


WiFi keeps dropping out on Lubuntu latest build

I am not sure but this might help https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2249936.
It's written for Ubuntu (not Lubuntu) so I am unsure if it is the answer you are looking for but it may help.
It may not be possible without working on the driver yourself as the documentation says that the 8273BE version of the chip (especially for HP and Lenovo users) may have ongoing issues even after a fix stated here "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HardwareSupportComponentsWirelessNetworkCardsRealTek"


How to choose the VGA when setting up the X Server?

So I got everything to run on the Amazon-provided Ubuntu 14.04 AMI ubuntu-trusty-14.04-amd64 . Below is my setup code. I kept the old answer attached below as well, for people to find in Google.

    # setup kernel
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install -y gcc make linux-generic

    # install X server and OpenGL tools
    sudo apt-get install -y xserver-xorg mesa-utils

    # disable Nouveau
    # via http://altinukshini.wordpress.com/2011/07/28/how-to-install-nvidia-drivers-in-ubuntu-linux/
    sudo echo 'blacklist nouveau' >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
    sudo echo 'options nouveau modeset=0' >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
    echo options nouveau modeset=0 | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/nouveau-kms.conf
    sudo update-initramfs -u

    # reboot to get kernel update and nouveau disabling activated
    sudo reboot now

    # install NVIDIA drivers

    # version was chosen because was "Latest Long Lived Branch version", which sounds stable
    # resources:
    #   http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using_cluster_computing.html
    #   http://www.nvidia.com/object/unix.html
    #   http://us.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/340.46/README/index.html

    wget http://us.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/340.46/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-340.46.run
    sudo /bin/bash ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-340.46.run --accept-license --no-questions --ui=none
    sudo reboot now

    # setup xorg.conf
    # via https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19856192/run-opengl-on-aws-gpu-instances-with-centos
    sudo nvidia-xconfig -a --use-display-device=None --virtual=1280x1024

    # add missing BusID
    sudo sed -i 's/    BoardName      "GRID K520"/    BoardName      "GRID K520"\n    BusID          "0:3:0"/g' /etc/X11/xorg.conf

    # run x server and glxgears as test application

    sudo /usr/bin/X &
    DISPLAY=:0 glxgears

Old Post

Sadly I haven't found the answer myself yet, but here is some breadcrumbs on the way:

I installed the NVIDIA drivers

# from aws docs http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using_cluster_computing.html
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y linux-generic
sudo reboot now

wget http://us.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/343.22/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-343.22.run
sudo /bin/bash ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-343.22.run
sudo reboot now

(if you get an error because of nouveau drivers, check here)

Next install XServer

sudo apt-get install -y xserver-xorg

And generate the xconfig (as per other stack overflow question)

sudo nvidia-xconfig -a --use-display-device=None --virtual=1280x1024

Weirdly this generates a file in /etc/X11/XF86Config, so I copied that to /etc/X11/xorg.conf, in order for X to pick it up.

Now running the Xserver gives the following error for me:

sudo /usr/bin/X :0 &
(WW) CIRRUS: No matching Device section for instance (BusID PCI:0@0:2:0) found

One answer in that stack overflow question says to choose the bus, which results in this error:

error setting MTRR (base = 0xe8000000, size = 0x00100000, type = 1) Invalid argument (22)

Whatever that means. Looking back at the log reveals, that apparently the NVIDIA driver is not loaded at all (although tried):

cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log
...
[  3136.163] Loading extension GLX
...
[  3136.163] (II) LoadModule: "nvidia"
[  3136.164] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module nvidia
[  3136.164] (II) UnloadModule: "nvidia"
[  3136.164] (II) Unloading nvidia
[  3136.164] (EE) Failed to load module "nvidia" (module does not exist, 0)

Now this post suggests, that the module path has to be set manually in the conf:

# find the path (maybe)
sudo find / | grep nvidia | grep modules
...
usr/X11R6/lib/modules/
...

# put it into the conf file
vim /etc/X11/xorg.conf
...
Section "Files"
     ModulePath     "/usr/X11R6/lib/modules"
EndSection

Anyways, this seems to actually load the driver module and then crashes:

sudo /usr/bin/X :0 &
...
Loading extension GLX
(EE)
(EE) Backtrace:
(EE) 0: /usr/bin/X (xorg_backtrace+0x48) [0x7f65c7ea9d28]
(EE) 1: /usr/bin/X (0x7f65c7d01000+0x1aca19) [0x7f65c7eada19]
(EE) 2: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x7f65c6dfe000+0x10340) [0x7f65c6e0e340]
(EE) 3: /usr/X11R6/lib/modules/drivers/nvidia_drv.so (0x7f65bf75b000+0x88cb5) [0x7f65bf7e3cb5]
(EE) 4: /usr/X11R6/lib/modules/drivers/nvidia_drv.so (0x7f65bf75b000+0x69272) [0x7f65bf7c4272]
(EE) 5: /usr/X11R6/lib/modules/drivers/nvidia_drv.so (0x7f65bf75b000+0x55e43a) [0x7f65bfcb943a]
(EE) 6: /usr/bin/X (0x7f65c7d01000+0xaf67b) [0x7f65c7db067b]
(EE) 7: /usr/bin/X (xf86CallDriverProbe+0x5e) [0x7f65c7d89a5e]
(EE) 8: /usr/bin/X (xf86BusConfig+0x46) [0x7f65c7d8a3d6]
(EE) 9: /usr/bin/X (InitOutput+0x993) [0x7f65c7d982b3]
(EE) 10: /usr/bin/X (0x7f65c7d01000+0x596bb) [0x7f65c7d5a6bb]
(EE) 11: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (__libc_start_main+0xf5) [0x7f65c583dec5]
(EE) 12: /usr/bin/X (0x7f65c7d01000+0x44dde) [0x7f65c7d45dde]


I made a icon for burg in ubuntu 12.04 but icon not shown

You application icon must be specified in the application .desktop file in the following two ways:

Full path to file, for example: /home/user/Pictures/icon.png
Name of icon installed in the theme, for example icon which points to the installed file /usr/share/icons/HighContrast/128x128/apps/icon.png

If your icon is not installed on the computer in the right place it will NOT appear from your desktop file and will not appear in Unity correctly. You may not use local paths such as ./icon.png or ../icons/icon.png but only a fully qualified name.

The icon can be in a few different formats. The popular format is SVG, followed by PNG and a few gimp pixmap formats for compatibility. Make sure your icon is in PNG format if it's raster, and SVG if it's vector.


"Create New Account" button Thunderbird (Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS) not working

Click Edit, in the dropdown-menu choose Account Settings. In the Account-Settings-window click Account Actions and choose the appropriate action.


I think sudo -s is not "better", it's just different.

sudo -s

keeps your $HOME directory, so when you start programs, they will use your (and not root's) config files etc. Disadvantage: they can also change the ownership of your files in the $HOME directory, typical example is the .Xauthority file, but I have never experienced a problem with that.

sudo su or sudo -i

programs will use the root's home directory and its config files. This might be more intuitive, but it also means that it will not use any configuration you may have set for yourself (aliases, bash history,...).


Go into settings -> appearance. There your should be able to change to icons you're using. There is another tab for window titlebars. Check that one out too.
Also take a look at Gnome-Tweak-Tool. It should make it easy to customise your theme.


Simply deleting the ~/.config/octave/qt-settings file solved the problem.  Starting the gui after deleting that file made it create a new one and it now works fine.
Ok, I compared the old qt-settings file (when octave gui would not run) with the new one that was created (I deleted the old qt-settings file and starting octave gui created a new one). The old file was 39kB and the new one is 22kB.  I'm not showing all the changes because it would be too big - but below are those in the general section.

I reinstalled MATPOWER and this time it runs fine.  I ran all the diagnostic testing and all is fine.  Something must have happened when i did the install the first time that corrupted that qt-settings file.  Anyway, simply deleting it is the fix.


Your URL contains several characters that bash considers as "special": ?, &, '{' and '}'. You may either make these characters non-special with the \ prefix:

https://www.tase.co.il/_layouts/Tase/ManagementPages/ExcelExport.aspx\?sn=none\&action=1\&SubAction=0\&GridId=33\&CurGuid=\{26F9CCE6-D184-43C6-BAB9-CF7848987BFF\}\&ExportType=1

or, place the whole URL inside '' quotes to disable shell interpretation:

'https://www.tase.co.il/_layouts/Tase/ManagementPages/ExcelExport.aspx?sn=none&action=1&SubAction=0&GridId=33&CurGuid={26F9CCE6-D184-43C6-BAB9-CF7848987BFF}&ExportType=1'


Setting up ovpn connect for iPhone with no ovpn file

So the solution (after consulting this ovpn forum goes as follows:

export your config file from network manager.
save the .conf file as .ovpn.
To add ca, cert and key entries to the .ovpn file:
 a. Use your admin supplied crt file and extract the ca there into your file. Add before and after <ca> your cert chars here <ca/>

b. do the same for <cert> random data </cert> but use this for the data:

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIB1jCCAT+gAwIBAgIEAmLSTjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADAVMRMwEQYDVQQDEwpP cGVuVlBOIENBMB4XDTEzMDExNzAyMTExMloXDTIzMDEyMjAyMTExMlowKDEmMCQG A1UEAxQdZnJyaWN0aW9uQGdtYWlsLmNvbV9BVVRPTE9HSU4wgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcN AQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBALVEXIZYYu1Inmejuo4Si6Eo5AguTX5sg1pGbLkJSTR4 BXQsy6ocUnZ9py8htYkipkUUhjY7zDu+wJlUtWnVCwCYtewYfEc/+azH7+7eU6ue T2K2IKdik1KWhdtNbaNphVvSlgdyKiuZDTCedptgWyiL50N7FMcUUMjjXYh/hftB AgMBAAGjIDAeMAkGA1UdEwQCMAAwEQYJYIZIAYb4QgEBBAQDAgeAMA0GCSqGSIb3 DQEBBQUAA4GBABhVzSYXHlQEPNaKGmx9hMwwnNKcHgD9cCmC9lX/KR2Y+vT/QGxK 7sYlJInb/xmpa5TUQYc1nzDs9JBps1mCtZbYNNDpYnKINAKSDsM+KOQaSYQ2FhHk bmBZk/K96P7VntzYI5S02+hOWnvjq5Wk4gOt1+L18+R/XujuxGbwnHW2
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

c. and for `<key> random key </key>` -  use this key:

-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- MIICdgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmAwggJcAgEAAoGBALVEXIZYYu1Inmej uo4Si6Eo5AguTX5sg1pGbLkJSTR4BXQsy6ocUnZ9py8htYkipkUUhjY7zDu+wJlU tWnVCwCYtewYfEc/+azH7+7eU6ueT2K2IKdik1KWhdtNbaNphVvSlgdyKiuZDTCe dptgWyiL50N7FMcUUMjjXYh/hftBAgMBAAECgYEAsNjgOEYVRhEaUlzfzmpzhakC SKT8AALYaAPbYO+ZVzJdh8mIbg+xuF7A9G+7z+5ZL35lrpXKnONuvmlxkK5ESwvV Q7EOQYCZCqa8xf3li3GUBLwcwXKtOUr3AYXhdbOh2viQdisD4Ky7H6/Nd3yMc3bu R4pErmWeHei+l6dIwAECQQDqljNxi9babmHiei6lHaznCMg5+jfAyDXgHvO/afFr 1bDQVDTDK+64kax4E9pvDZC6B/HGse9hOUGWXTjb0WZBAkEAxdAw/14iJIUcE5sz HDy2R0RmbUQYFjrNgBCi5tnmr1Ay1zHAs1VEF+Rg5IOtCBO50I9jm4WCSwCtN6zF FoFVAQJAUGfBJDcZIm9ZL6ZPXJrqS5oP/wdLmtFE3hfd1gr7C8oHu7BREWB6h1qu 8c1kPlI4+/qDHWaZtQpJ977mIToJwQJAMcgUHKAm/YPWLgT31tpckRDgqgzh9u4z e1A0ft5FlMcdFFT8BuWlblHWJIwSxp6YO6lqSuBNiuyPqxw6uVAxAQJAWGxOgn2I fGkWLLw4WMpkFHmwDVTQVwhTpmMP8rWGYEdYX+k9HeOJyVMrJKg2ZPXOPtybrw8T PUZE7FgzVNxypQ==
-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

Mail the file to yourself and open it in the native mail app.
The file should be marked with the OVPN symbol - use it, it will open the ovpn app and import it
Add user name and password.
Press the off button -> phone should try to connect...
Enjoy


Terminator - execute script and keep command prompt active

I also wanted to start a Terminator session by executing a script and then starting a bash shell. This is how I did it:

In Terminator's Preferences, on the 'Layouts' tab, select the desired Layout on the left and then select the desired Terminal on the right.

In the 'Custom command' field, enter the command followed by && bash || bash. This will initiate a new bash shell whether the command/script was successful or not.

The bash after && will execute after a successful exit code (0). The bash after || executes after an error exit code (1-255).

Example:
To execute top and then exit into a new bash shell, enter this in the 'Custom command' field.

top && bash || bash

Another example:
Say you needed some encouragement to get the day started off on the right foot.

echo -e "\nWelcome! You are going to have a productive day!\n" && bash || bash

Then, to run the command specified, start terminator with the -l option followed by your layout name.

terminator -l mylayout


Why Gnome Terminal doesn't display a specific font as available

Having installed the font, it didn't show right away for me either. Here's the steps I took to make it show up:

1) Move the font to /usr/share/fonts/truetype` directory:

Create a directory /usr/share/fonts/truetype/Monofur/ and move the font files (in my case, I only moved Monofur for Powerline.ttf) either with file manager or with mv command. Note, you will need sudo priviliges for all that

2) Delete everything in ~/.gconf/apps/gnome-terminal/

The profile preferences are all stored in ~/.gconf/apps/gnome-terminal/ directory. I basically did sudo rm -r ~/.gconf/apps/gnome-terminal/

3) Close and reopen gnome-terminal

Self- explanatory.

Suggestions:

For good measure, try doing updatedb after deleting everything or after reopening gnome-terminal; try rebooting if it still doesn't work


How to Make an xinput Command Persistent After Standby

You can add the script to /etc/X11/Xsession.d/ to make the change persist across all sessions.  Just make sure you read up on how to customize Xsession's startup procedure (particularly the naming convention): http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/raring/man5/Xsession.5.html


Why is my computer running slow on VMware 8 it has Ubuntu 13 running on it.?

Ubuntu's desktop environment Unity relies on 3D acceleration to work properly. Make sure that your hosts is configured to provide 3D acceleration to the virtual machine running Ubuntu.

If that's not possible, you could try another desktop environment like Xfce – available on Xubuntu – which does not use 3D acceleration for its rendering.


How to create disk partition starting at 128 sector?

I found only one application able to set too small value of the starting sector.

It is named sfdisk (from utils-linux package, usually preinstalled).

The syntax for needed action is the following:

$ sudo sfdisk /dev/sdX

>>> 128,,0xb
>>> write

where

128 is starting sector (followed by comma ,);
no symbol means auto size (followed by comma ,);
0xb is a short marking for W95 FAT32 partition type.

to follow the format from help (or see man sfdisk):

   <start>  Beginning of the partition in sectors, or bytes if
            specified in the format <number>{K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y}.
            The default is the first free space.

   <size>   Size of the partition in sectors, or bytes if
            specified in the format <number>{K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y}.
            The default is all available space.

   <type>   The partition type.  Default is a Linux data partition.
            MBR: hex or L,S,E,X shortcuts.
            GPT: UUID or L,S,H shortcuts. ```

and finally I asked system to reread changed partition table:

$ sudo partprobe

Notes: other tools such as cfdisk and fdisk allows to set starting sector as >= 2048.


Trouble installing discord overlay and pyQt5

I would recommend to install the packages from official repository by
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get install python3-pyqt5.qtwebengine pyqt5-dev python3-xdg


The sed does not change all pattern in below code

To make multiple replacements in a single line, you must add the g (global) flag:

$ echo 'day night day' | sed 's/day/night/g'
night night night

You can also use number in place of g to replace only the numberth instance:

$ echo 'day night day night day' | sed 's/day/night/2'
day night night night day

As noted in the GNU sed documentation:

  Note: the POSIX standard does not specify what should happen when you
  mix the g and number modifiers, and currently there is no widely
  agreed upon meaning across sed implementations. For GNU sed, the
  interaction is defined to be: ignore matches before the numberth, and
  then match and replace all matches from the numberth on.

Since Ubuntu uses GNU sed, that is indeed how it behaves:

$ echo 'day night day night day' | sed 's/day/night/2g'
day night night night night


Open up the hidden file named .gtkrc-2.0 in your home directory with any text editor you want.

If the file doesn’t exist, create it.

If you want to change the background color of the menu window add something like this:

style "darkback"
{
    bg[NORMAL] = "#404040"
    bg[ACTIVE] = "#606060"
    bg[PRELIGHT] = "#808080"
}
widget "whiskermenu-window*" style "darkback"

If you want to change the window text color as well, add something like this:

style "darkback"
{
    bg[NORMAL] = "#404040"
    bg[ACTIVE] = "#606060"
    bg[PRELIGHT] = "#808080"
    fg[NORMAL] = "#ccc"
    fg[ACTIVE] = "#fff"
    fg[PRELIGHT] = "#fff"
}
widget "whiskermenu-window*" style "darkback"

If you want to change the background color of the menu items, add something like this:

style "darktree"
{
    base[NORMAL] = "#404040"
    base[ACTIVE] = "#606060"
}
widget "whiskermenu-window*TreeView*" style "darktree"

If you want to change the text color of the menu items as well, add something like this:

style "darktree"
{
    base[NORMAL] = "#404040"
    base[ACTIVE] = "#606060"
    text[NORMAL] = "#ccc"
    text[ACTIVE] = "#fff"
}
widget "whiskermenu-window*TreeView*" style "darktree"

Source: https://gottcode.wordpress.com/2013/


To delete downloaded packages (.deb) already installed (and no longer needed)

sudo apt-get clean

To remove all stored archives in your cache for packages that can not be downloaded anymore (thus packages that are no longer in the repository or that have a newer version in the repository).

sudo apt-get autoclean

To remove unnecessary packages (After uninstalling an app there could be packages you don't need anymore)

sudo apt-get autoremove

To delete old kernel versions

sudo apt-get remove --purge linux-image-X.X.XX-XX-generic

If you don't know which kernel version to remove

dpkg --get-selections | grep linux-image

Source: Limpiando Ubuntu: comandos y programas (actualización) (google translated)


This is a known Bug,

See this Cannot watch youtube in fullscreen mode

sudo mkdir /etc/adobe
echo "OverrideGPUValidation = 1" | sudo tee -a /etc/adobe/mms.cfg


Ubuntu 14.04 access second hard disk for other user

Thanks for response:-
Disk is mounted as /media/dad/Data which is /dev/sdb6

I tried the chgrp & chmod commands you suggested, logged out & logged in as my wife then tried to access "Data" - which shows up on her Unity launcher panel. It required the superuser password, which I entered , then access was available.
However, when I then logged back in as me access was denied!

If I unmount it logged in as my wife , I can then access it logged in as me, so it seems accessible only to the first to mount the drive.

When I upgraded, I disconnected the 1 Tb HDD & booted from a 14.04 USB stick I had created from the ISO file. I opted to use all the SDD for installation & everything went well. Trusty installed & updated etc etc. Then I shut down, reconnected the HDD & everything looked fine – the partitions on the HDD appeared to me, access to them was allowed. Created a second user for my wife & then found no access to the HDD for her & I'm still stuck!

The HDD is partitioned into three – firstly a partition sdb1 with Trusty installed (which doesn't feature as part of the grub for the SDD as it was disconnected on installation to SDD). I can boot up to this if necessary using my PC's Winfast bootup menu. Secondly it has the Data partition as sdb6, a backup partition as sdb3 it also has a swap partition sdb5.

Previously I've had no problems e.g. for a couple of years with Precise, everything was working fine, even my shared folders were available on our home network to the daughter's windows laptop (home network is another problem area, but that's for another post!), data disk was freely available to both wife & me etc.


11.04 for me is a bit slower than 10.10 but 11.04 does lean on a lot of graphical stuff with Unity (not so much with classic though so I find it odd both seem slower).

You did not specify where you consider 11.04 to be slower than 10.10

In boottime there is not that much
difference. I still need to tweak my
11.04 boot but it is close to 10.10s boottime.
And then there is normal usage: 1st time starting chromium it is
slower than it was in 10.10. Overall
programs I launch from the launcher
seem to be a little bit slower than
with 10.10. That includes deluge,
smplayer, gedit but not terminal,
dash, usc (yes there is a trend here:
default vs. added launchers).

So in short my answer would be: yes, it is slower but not by alot.

A few pointers:

Check logfiles for messages;
If you used the upgrade path you
might consider a re-install to avoid 10.10 and 11.04 conflicting somewhere;
If your boot is slow use bootchart
to analyse your boot;
If it is a specific program that is
slow try and start it form
commandline to see if it shows any
messages that take up time.
'Toy' around with settings regarding display settings and compositing.

I hope you can figure out if something is wrong with your install!


How can I install Windows 10 (20H2) after I've installed Ubuntu? [Legacy BIOS only]

Step 1: make a ntfs partition from gparted or gnome disk.
Step 2: create a bootable usb drive containing windows 10
Step 3: Install windows on that ntfs partition
Step 4: Create a bootable usb containing ubuntu
Step 5: Boot-up using the usb with ubuntu but don't install ubuntu
step 6: To install boot repair open terminal and enter these commands::
  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair

  sudo apt-get update

  sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

step 7: Open boot repair and select recommended repair. It will reinstall grub bootloader
Step 8:Reboot after the repair is done.


default link to $USER/desktop which works in every language

The solution is pretty simple:

xdg-user-dir DESKTOP will print the path I need.

I can also use DOWNLOAD, TEMPLATES, PUBLICSHARE, DOCUMENTS, MUSIC, PICTURES or VIDEOS to get the other file locations.


"Have had lunch on my Dell laptop for quite a while . . ."
  Better to use a paper plate.

The quickest easy way to fix that is probably with one of the rescue disk utilities that you burn to a CD and boot from. Just get it and burn it on another computer. Or make a thumb version if you need to. There is RescuaTux, and, I think, SuperGrubDisk. I might not have those names exactly right, but search for "linux system rescue disks" and you should find them. You can even use an installation disk if that is all you have or can easily get. Just shrink some filesystem just enough to install and install a fresh system. It'll put in grub at the same time. That takes a while, and you have to have some space to spare but it has the merit that it is an easy trick to remember and someday you may need to do this without internet access, a crib sheet, or any other kind of rescue disk. You can also actually reinstall grub FROM the live system of a live disk, but the details of that I'd have to look up. You should be able to find instuctions easily enough though. Grub is a kind of quirky and breakage prone (I'm a lilo fan) so it isn't like you are the first to have this problem.


Network indicator disappeared in Lubuntu

You can right click on panel, choose "Add remove panel item", then at tab "Panel Applets" press "Add" button, then choose "Manage networks".
Now at the panel you'll have two network icons, one for cable and one for wireless connections

If you prefer the traditional Network applet, open Lxterminal and just type the word: nm-applet

Now at the panel you'll have the traditional "up and down arrows" indicating the Network Manager to make changes.
Notice that when you close the Lxterminal, the icon will dissapeasr again.

Have luck


Desktop folders not visible after messing with ccsm

I think it takes parts from Gnome 3, so apparently it works to apply the :fix needed for Gnome 3 to show files on the desktop using Gnome Tweak Tool

This also appears to work for showing the desktop icons (and restoring the background & fixing the dash not opening using the Super key) on Unity after having a go at installing Pantheon (and then using ppa-purge to remove it)... weird.

I also had the Ctrl+Alt+T problem, I fixed this (before applying the above fix) by creating a custom shortcut using the command gnome-terminal. I am surprised this affects other DE's so badly, probably a packaging issue as I am also having issues with the theme it set up.


I can't install google product (google adwords editor ) via Wine

ETA: The download link for the MSI is now located at https://dl.google.com/dl/adwords_editor/google_adwords_editor.msi . If this link also stops working, you can contact Google Ads support directly and ask for them to send the most recent version file to you.

I've found you can get AdWords Editor to install if you work from the .msi file rather than the EditorSetup.exe file. The instructions here generally work; you might have to fiddle with your Wine settings a bit and make sure you get the right .msi version.

Remember that Google uses 4 digits in the version number for the .msi download. AdWords Editor 11.7 is at dl.google.com/adwords_editor/11.7.0.0/google_adwords_editor.msi , for example.


Is there any USB modem that is supported by default in Ubuntu?

I am not sure about others but I can tell about a USB Modem that definitely works with  Ubuntu. I am attaching a photo of it.

Description

LAVA 730G USB Modem

Supports Ubuntu, MAC, Windows..
You can insert any prepaid SIM..
Comes with setup in .deb, .exe and binary format so you need to install drivers which is stored in its small memory card.

I've found this very useful. You can also give it a try..


xfce panel and whisker menu hidden after removing monitors

Following Terrance's lead, I opened xfce4-settings-manager, but then opened Panel instead of Display.

I had previously set Output to Monitor 2, which did not exist. I set this to Primary, which  fixed the problem.


Does Upstart in Ubuntu work with network events? For sure you can place scripts in /etc/network/if-up.d and /etc/network/if-down.d. There is a guide on Ubuntu Forums.

Does this help enough?


Click on the network icon, Choose Edit connections, double-click your currently default connection, and untick the Connect automatically box. Check that box for the connection you'd like to have as your default one.


LibreOffice 3.4.3 for Natty was released 7 Oct 2011.

The standard LibreOffice ppa should be used to update - see linked question on how to install.

For those that like to live on the bleeding edge, there are .deb files you can download directly from the LibreOffice website here.  Obviously, these will be vanilla LibreOffice and therefore probably will not include any stuff the ubuntu packagers also add.

Linked Question:

Will LibreOffice 3.4 be included in an update?


Where can I find the source code for the apt package manager?

Enable deb-src type repository in /etc/apt/sources.list:

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main

Replace trusty with the codename of the release you are using. You can find the codename by:

lsb_release -c

Now sync the local package lists with remote repositories:

sudo apt-get update

Now you can download the source package of apt in the current directory:

apt-get source apt

From the extracted directory, the file you are looking for is:

cmdline/apt-get.cc


How do I write the ARMHF OMAP4 image to an sdcard?

Installation instruction is here

For ubuntu 12.04 desktop image → https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM/OmapDesktopInstall

For others and old versions → https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM/OMAP


While you can pipe man's output just fine, know that you can search within man as well. man uses less as the pager by default, and within less, you can:

press / and enter the text you wanted to search for
press n to go the next search result and N to go the previous search result
press g to go to the top (since the search doesn't wrap around by default)

Also see:

Tricks and tips for finding information in man pages


How to have nautilus window divided into two or three columns (like mac) Miller Columns?

There is a marlin fork:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:elementary-os/daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pantheon-files

Related:

How to install pantheon-files on Ubuntu 17.04?

Update 3: The instructions below are outdated, and Marlin may no longer be maintained? Thank you @kipbits for bringing this to my attention!

Update: So for gnome 3.

Perhaps Marlin

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:marlin-devs/marlin-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install marlin
sudo apt-get install marlin-plugin-*

What you are looking for is a Columns View capable window/file manager as seen (here). Nautilus is still discussing whether to include Miller Columns.

For gnome2/nautilus themes:

Install and configure a new theme. (like this) Download (mac4lin)


How can I stop the panel from showing on an external projector/monitor?

You can (for now) choose "Ubuntu Classic" when logging in - and, although this won't give you Unity, it is a workaround for your problem.

(From what I've seen, Unity currently has major problems with multi-screen displays).


Well, after some searching I managed to forcefully remove the libqupzilla1 package and update qupzilla to the latest release.
For future reference: I removed the package using the following code

sudo dpkg --force-all -P libqupzilla1

After that I installed the lastest version using

sudo apt-get install qupzilla


It is answered here: Is there a way to make a fullscreen on VirtualBox?

You need to install the Guest Edition first and can then simply press HOST+F within the guest for full screen mode.


Thanks everyone. Using Ctrl-Alt-F1 to get to a TTY, I was able to run various apt-get commands to purge and reinstall my drivers completely, as seen in similar questions here on the site. My login credentials were broken as well so deleting my .Xauthority file allowed it to refresh and I'm OK now.


how to change current application with workspace?

I've tried to replicate this but am not getting the same results.
I have three Gnome workspaces, Chrome on the top one, VS Code in the middle one, and an empty bottom one.  I can type in VS Code, then navigate to the upper workspace (using either the [Win] + [Tab] then click on Chrome app, or the [Win] + [PgUp].    I can then browse in Chrome (including typing in address bar, forms, etc.)  then return to the VS Code (again, using either [Win] + [Tab] and choosing the VS Code, or [Win] + [PgDn].    The cursor is blinking right where it was when I navigated away, and the next character I hit on the keyboard appends at the point where the blinking cursor was.
I am using Ubuntu 20.04.1 (with Gnome, and thus, Gnome workspaces).
If you are still experiencing this, could you describe with a little more specificity as to how you are navigating and what steps might help someone recreate the issue?   Also, have you installed any Gnome workspace extensions or anything that might be messing with things?
Here's a post that has a section on Keyboard Shortcuts that describes the various ways to switch between workspaces:
https://www.maketecheasier.com/how-to-work-with-workspaces-gnome
There's more than one method ... e.g., ([Ctrl] + [Alt] + [Up] or [Down]) so if the problem is that you are using some keystroke combination that VS Code is intercepting, try a different method to see if that is a workaround, perhaps.


Can't find windows 8 in the Grub menu [ubuntu 14.04]

Happened to me few months back. You may want to install and run the Boot Repair and run a recommended repair.

If this did not work, Rob Smith's post will make your day.

Grub does not show a Windows 8 option after dual boot

best of luck


As like Rinzwind said, i've fix 90% of error names after find original charset:

sudo convmv -f iso-8859-1 -t utf-8 -r /media/disk/*


How to Install and run Greedy Car Thieves?

From the official download page:

  Dependencies (debian/ubuntu package names):

  Nvidia-Cg-Toolkit (nvidia-cg-toolkit)
  WxWidgets GTK 2.8 (libwxgtk2.8-dev)
  SDL_image (libsdl-image1.2)
  SDL_ttf (libsdl-ttf2.0-0)

  Unpack the archive and run ./gct-game-startup from a proper directory.

  Run install.sh as a root (e.g. sudo ./install.sh) to install the game. Afterwards, every user will be able to run gct-game-startup command.

  Startup doesn't kill server, so kill it manually if you have to with: killall gct-server

  Run ./gct-server for dedicated server. It doesn't need any libraries related to the graphics, so can be run on almost every modern Linux, even without X11.

If the install doesn't add it to the launcher, just do it manually :)


How to bypass the apturl and download the deb file directly?

apturl isn't obfuscating anything here - the owners of the websites that use it are. All apturl does is take an apt://<package> link and spawn the Software Center for that package. Nothing more, nothing less. It knows nothing about the server, nothing about how to download it.

In that vein, there's nothing to be had here. To use [Get/Play]Deb you install their repo and their website just directs the package manager to the right package.

If you want to download the packages, you have to use your noggin, remember the package name (not all of it, autocomplete will help you out) and run something like this in a terminal:

apt-get download <package>

That will download the package to your current directory.


How to run the traceroute command in linux?

The default command for this purpose in Ubuntu is tracepath.

However you can install traceroute too by running

sudo apt install traceroute

as you can see in the error message.


As far as I understand, you tried removing your package file by file. But did you try to remove it from apt-get or dpkg?

Removing a package would usually be done like this:

apt-get remove --purge $pkgname
aptitude remove $pkgname

To make sure you actually dropped all files related to your package, you may run:

dpkg -L teamviewer | while read file
    do
        test -d "$file" -o -f "$file" || echo still has "$file"
    done

If you are really sure you dropped all files from a package, and assuming purging via apt or dpkg did not work, you may have a look to /var/lib/dpkg/status. Editing this file, to remove your faulty package from the list could be considered, if you exhausted everything else, ... Even though as a general rule, you should try to avoid any manual modification in there.


As far as the Apache configuration goes, you should only need to follow these instructions if you have a vanilla Apache2 installation. I wouldn't recommend using fastcgi to get the base installation running. You also shouldn't need to touch the RT_SiteConfig.pm Perl module.

Additionally, you will need to install the following packages:

sudo apt-get install rt4-apache2 rt4-clients rt4-db-mysql request-tracker4 rt4-extension-assettracker fetchmail

As far as the Apache2 config goes, the following should get you started:

Run the command:

gksudo gedit /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Append the following at the bottom of the file on a new line:

ServerName tickets

Save the file & run the command:

gksudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

Find the last line <?/VirtualHost> and paste in the following two lines just above it:

Include /etc/request-tracker3.8/apache2-modperl2.conf
RedirectMatch ^/$ /rt

Save the file & run the command:

a2enmod rewrite; service apache2 restart

Again, these guidelines were taken from here and have successfully worked for me on about five production deployments.

Also, take a look at my more detailed installation answer on this question.


No sound or controller working on Call of Duty 5 Ubuntu 14.04

Please read here you have a couple of issues which can come from the fact that you are using a 64 bit OS and wine 64 has sound issues with that. Another is games like Limbo and Runner work better on wine 32 with the winetricks directx9 installed (and a couple of more things). All of which you can find on how to solve in the link provided. Even if both games do not mention what is needed @Luis provided all details


Seahorse sometimes doesn't show passwords section

This appears to be security/login-related. Are any online accounts accessed in Chrome entered in Settings | Online Accounts? If they are, an Unlock Login Keyring dialog should greet you immediately upon login after a reboot. Type in your password (or have xdotool do it for you) and everything remains secure, no more troubles (normally).

Too late to make a difference for OP, but maybe help others.


TouchPad on Dell E7470 not working as expected on 16.04

To fix the touchpad issue on Dell E7470, update it to BIOS Version: 1.18.5 ,1.18.5
Release Date: 06 Feb 2018 File Name: Latitude_E7x70_1.18.5.exe.


Since you only have those 2 kernel versions available in /boot there is no surprise grub only lists those. You seem to have the modules installed for a lot of different kernel versions, but without the actual kernel image grub will (obviously) not generate a menu entry for them.

Since you have the kernel modules for those particular versions, I can only guess the kernel was installed at some point, but removed later on.

Simply installing linux-image-<version>-generic should do the trick and it should also update the grub menu for you.


UFW deletes all port specific ALLOW rules for IPV4

I changed direction all together. I included ipset in ufw following the basic instructions in this launchpad bug report. This solves my problem because ufw is now not called anymore to add an IP number to the blacklist.


Setting variable for execution both from web and from php CLI Ubuntu

Try:

env QUERY_STRING="id=1467" php myscript.php


Alt + Digit in Terminal: What kind of feature is it?

This is not just for characters; it repeats the next command several times. E.g. if you want to delete the next three words type Alt+3+Alt+D


You can set a new root password with

sudo dpkg-reconfigure mysql-server-5.x

Replace x with the version you have installed.

Then try to log in again (if you put the password after the -p switch make sure there is no space between -p and your password, i.e. if your password is hello then you log in with mysql -u root -phello)


How can Lubuntu 20.04 LTS be installed in a USB which can boot into both- UEFI & Legacy BIOS systems?

I presume you want a persistent (full-installation) on this USB. It is possible to make a USB installation that can boot in both Legacy and UEFI modes, but it requires some effort:
First, you have to have an installation media that boots in both Legacy and UEFI. Tools such as Rufus or Ventoy can be used to create these. For example, if using Rufus, when making the installation medium, set the partition scheme to "MBR" and the target system to "BIOS or UEFI". If using Ventoy (which can be run under Linux as well as just Windows), it will support both Legacy and UEFI by default, just copy the Lubuntu ISO to the USB.

Plug in your installation medium and boot from it through Legacy mode first. Select "Try Lubuntu" at the menu.
Once at the desktop of your live system, plug in the USB you wish to use as the target (which Lubuntu will be installed onto).
Connect to the internet if not already connected.
Open a terminal and run sudo apt install gparted. LXQt has KDE Partition Manager by default, however Gparted works better in cases like this.
Launch Gparted. Change the dropdown in the top right-hand corner to your target USB device.
Right click any existing mounted partitions and unmount/swapoff them.
Select "Device" on the top bar, and select "Create partition table". Change the dropdown to "GPT" (note: this will erase all data on the disk, ensure data is backed up to your satisfaction first!).
Create a new partition. The size should be 1MB and the file system should be unformatted.
Create another partition. The size should be 100MB and the file system should be FAT32.
Create another partition. The size should be around ~1GB and the file system should be swap.
Create one last partition, which will be used as the root filesystem of your installation. The size should be however much space you have left on the disk. File system should be ext4.
Apply the changes by clicking the tick button in Gparted.
Right click the 1MB partition, select "Manage flags", and set the flags to bios_grub.
Also set the flags of the 100MB partition to boot and esp.
Close Gparted and proceed with the installation as you normally would, until you reach the partitioning step.
Select "Manual partitioning" or "Advanced" at the partitioning step. You'll be asked to specify the partitions to use for installation.
Set the 1MB unformatted partition to "Reserved BIOS boot area".
Set the 1GB swap partition as swap.
Set the ext4 partition as the root partition (mount point = /). If it is shown, check the box to specify to format this partition.
Don't forget to change the bootloader dropdown to your USB drive!
Confirm that the partitions are correct and then continue.
Wait for installation to finish, then power off your machine.
Boot from your installation media again, this time in UEFI mode. Follow the same steps to get to the live system desktop.
Plug in your target USB again.
Connect to the internet.
Open a terminal.
Run sudo fdisk -l. Take note of the /dev/sdx label of your USB drive, it will probably be /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc. In these next commands, /dev/sdx will refer to your disk. Make sure you substitute the x for the actual letter shown for your one!
sudo umount /dev/sdx4
sudo swapoff /dev/sdx3
sudo umount /dev/sdx2 (this one may not be mounted but its best to make sure they're all unmounted anyway)(sdx1 is the BIOS boot partition so it will never be mounted).
sudo mount /dev/sdx4 /mnt
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
sudo mount /dev/sdx2 /mnt/boot/efi
sudo swapon /dev/sdx3
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
sudo mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount -t sysfs sysfs /mnt/sys
sudo mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mnt/run
sudo chroot /mnt.
apt install grub-efi-amd64 (EDIT: If on 32-bit instead of 64-bit, run apt install grub-efi-i386 instead).
grub-install --efi-directory=/boot/efi --target=x86_64-efi --removable (this will install the UEFI bootloader. It will not conflict with your existing Legacy bootloader installation) (EDIT: If you experience problems at this stage, mount /dev/sdx2 /boot/efi and then try again)(EDIT 2: It may also be possible to copy the EFI bootloader files from the live system instead of installing like this, but I felt it was more robust to do a clean install of the bootloader)(EDIT 3: Replace --target=x86_64-efi with --target=i386-efi if on a 32-bit system).
update-grub.
blkid | grep /dev/sdx2 (x is still a placeholder here). From the output of this command, take note of the UUID number, which is in the format XXXX-XXXX.
echo "UUID=XXXX-XXXX /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1" >> /etc/fstab (XXXX-XXXX is still a placeholder, replace it with your partition's UUID).
Now exit your chroot.
Power off your system (all currently mounted partitions will be unmounted automatically).
Boot from your new installation in either Legacy or UEFI mode; both will work!

Enjoy your system. If any of this doesn't make sense I'll be happy to clarify it. I have personally tested this before myself (for Kubuntu not Lubuntu), and works fine.


This sounds like a misbehaving 3D driver library. Besides filing a bug, I would recommend trying to reinstall your video driver via System / Administration / Additional Drivers if you are using (or have used) the fglrx or nvidia drivers.


tigervnc not able to connect to the server

I had the same experience with the Ubuntu 18.04 repo's official package for TigerVNC. After wasting a lot of time trying to get it to work, I finally gave up and just installed the generic Linux binaries available on the TigerVNC release page (a tarball whose contents are easily unarchived to the appropriate places in your filesystem). The release page is here: https://github.com/TigerVNC/tigervnc/releases. This is a gist describing how I did it:

https://gist.github.com/plembo/87a429f3bd1f95d4ec59b2ce8ce0a04d


Not a valid JAR when running HADOOP example

I had the same problem. Here is the solution.

OS - Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit
Java - OpenJDK 7
Hadoop - Hadoop 2.4.1

Step 1: create a hdfs directory for input: hadoop dfs -mkdir -p /usr/local/hadoop/input
Step 2: now paste the jar file into this folder using hadoop command.
hadoop dfs -copyFromLocal /home/hduser/Desktop/sample.txt /usr/local/hadoop/input
Step 3: Go to $HADOOP_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce folder in terminal.
cd $HADOOP_HOME/share/hadoop/mapreduce
hadoop jar hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.4.1.jar wordcount /usr/local/hadoop/input/sample.txt /usr/local/hadoop/output

Here /usr/local/hadoop/output folder will be created. Each time you have to give a new name.
NOTE: you cannot simply list the folders input and output using ls in terminal.

Step 4: To view the output, use this:
hadoop dfs -cat /usr/local/hadoop/output/part-r-00000


What's the best approach in migrating currently C# and VB.net (Windows) developed applications?

Since your application uses .NET framework, You could use MONO project, which is open-source implementation of Dot net framework. A good IDE for mono is monodevelop. You can install it from Software center.

or using the terminal: sudo apt-get install monodevelop


How can I recursively zip files in their own folder?

If you want to use 7z, the tricky part seems to be persuading it not to recurse; the documentation's indicated -r- switch appears to be non-functional, and the suggested workaround from the software's author is to exclude subdirectories with the wildcard expression -x!*/

So, given

$ tree Data
Data
├── file1
├── file2
├── Folder1
│   ├── file3
│   └── file4
├── Folder2
│   ├── file5
│   └── file6
└── Folder3
    ├── file7
    └── file8

3 directories, 8 files

then

find Data -type d -execdir sh -c 'cd "$1" && 7z a "$1".7z -x!*/ && cd -' sh {} \;

results in

$ tree Data
Data
├── Data.7z
├── file1
├── file2
├── Folder1
│   ├── file3
│   ├── file4
│   └── Folder1.7z
├── Folder2
│   ├── file5
│   ├── file6
│   └── Folder2.7z
└── Folder3
    ├── file7
    ├── file8
    └── Folder3.7z

3 directories, 12 files

where for example we can check that Folder2.7z contains only its own folder's files using

$ 7z l Data/Folder2/Folder2.7z

7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_CA.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,2 CPUs Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU     P9600  @ 2.53GHz (1067A),ASM)

Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 128 bytes (1 KiB)

Listing archive: Data/Folder2/Folder2.7z

--
Path = Data/Folder2/Folder2.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 128
Headers Size = 128
Solid = -
Blocks = 0

   Date      Time    Attr         Size   Compressed  Name
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------  ------------------------
2018-02-12 18:37:37 ....A            0            0  file5
2018-02-12 18:37:37 ....A            0            0  file6
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------  ------------------------
2018-02-12 18:37:37                  0            0  2 files

Note: !*/ may require additional escaping in environments (such as the interactive bash shell) where ! is a history expansion operator.


The monitor Philips 271P4Q may look like as a "2-in-1" device but it's actually a case of two independent devices bundled in the same enclosure.

The monitor itself is standard and uses a typical HDMI connection. The webcam is also generic and requires an additional USB cable.

According to the user manual, the system requirements for the webcam are:

  Operating system : Microsoft Windows 7,
  Microsoft Windows Vista,  Microsoft Windows
  XP (SP2), and any other OS whichever
  support UVC/UAC (USB Video Class
  compliant / Audio Class compliant) under
  USB 2.0 standard (my bold)

Ubuntu is such a case for many years now and it should be plug'n'play (the same for Windows 10).

In order to use the webcam and microphone you need to connect the additional USB cable. In the back of the monitor you'll find a USB type B connector, similar to the one used by USB2.0 peripherals:

Once properly connected the webcam should be automatically detected by Ubuntu (or Windows 10) and ready to use.


Why does compressing this PDF using "convert" make this pdf bigger?

I just exported that pdf using libreoffice draw, 70% resize and it reduced the filesize by more than half!
I am super confused why, but it works so i am happy.


How to resolve problem with two versions of Google Earth installed from different sources?

Because you downloaded the .debs directly from Google the Ubuntu Software Center doesn't have a "Repository" available to check version information against. Repositories are a nice way of keeping everything well organized and have the benefit of automagically updating things. Repositories organize software into what are called packages, and these all have a unique name.
It is possible that Google gave the new version of google earth a new name, thus allowing them to both be on your computer at the same time, even if one overwrote most of the files from the other (or was prevented from doing so because of the existing package).
The easiest way to sort this all out is to see what packages are installed on your computer. Since newer versions of Ubuntu don't have synaptic installed by default you can either do option A, which requires no new software to be installed. Or option B which requires a painless install of synaptic.
Press Control+Shift+T to open a terminal
Option A
Run this, then copy and paste the results into your question (use four spaces to indent each line):
sudo dpkg -l | grep -i google

This lists all the packages installed on the computer (dpkg -l) and then filters out all the ones that don't have the word Google in them (grep -i google). The sudo gives you super-user/root privileges and the pipe | feeds the output of one command into the input for the second.
Option B
Run this: sudo apt-get install synaptic. This installs the synpatic package which will allow you to see and install packages without having to use a command line (I prefer them really). There is a search box near the top, plug in 'google' and then maximize the window. Screen shot the results, get them online, and link to them in your question.


How to enable nautilus to show all files on android phone connected via usb mtp?

I guess it's this known issue.
The problem is basically that the MediaStorage cache is not updated and thus files and directories created since the last update don't show up.
You could try one of the steps provided in this answer:

reboot the phone
Clear the "Media Storage" app's data
use an app like SDrescan to force an update of the MediaStorage

Alternatively you could transfer the files via wifi. There may be other ways to do this but my favourite method is running an ftp server on the phone and accessing that through nautilus:

First of all, you should only do this in a trusted local network (e.g. at your home)
make sure your smartphone and your PC are connected to the same local network

Smartphone

install an app like Ftp Server on your android phone and freely choose user name and password (and disable "Anonymous user").
start the server (by tapping the red on/off icon if you use Ftp Server)

Computer

open Nautilus on your PC and click on "Connect to Server" at the bottom of the list on the left
in the dialogue, enter the url that is displayed in the Ftp Server app (something like "ftp://192.168.178.13:2221")
when prompted, enter the user name and password you configured in the app

You're done! You can even bookmark that location in Nautilus. Whenever you want to transfer files, just connect smartphone and PC to your local network, start Ftp Server on the phone and click on the bookmark in Nautilus.


The realistic speeds of USB 3.0 hardly ever match the theoretical speeds and in some cases, the performance of USB 3.0 may fall below the performance of USB 2.0.

Since you have tried by both terminal and Nautilus, I feel there is some bug which is showing 613MB/s in both the cases. Nautilus messing up speeds, progress and expected time in some cases is known but I'm unaware of gcp's bugs.

Try testing your drive on another system and if you still get such results, please ask your manufacturer to replace the stick.


sudo apt-get install python-pil on Ubuntu 12.04?

Seems PIL is not supported, I have installed Pillow instead.

  Pillow is the friendly PIL fork by Alex Clark and Contributors. PIL is
  the Python Imaging Library by Fredrik Lundh and Contributors.

So command should be:

sudo apt-get install python-pillow


Installing multiple ubuntu partitions on same machine without corrupting GRUB

You may want to learn grub's prompt: in grub menu type e to 'edit', then Ctrl+c to enter grub's command line.

Now, you can enter root (hd<Tab> and grub will display possible devices; having typed (for example) root (hg0,<Tab> you can see possible partiions.

The key point is that you can alter grub's configuration before booting the entry: I believe you need to change root to correct its value before boot. You can not "pollute" your original menu.lst (or grub.cfg) in this way.

Note that root is that place where grub directory is located --- the directory where grub's configuration and stage* and filesystem related etc-etc files are --- typically it is /boot/ (grub/ is under it). In my case I can type in grub command line root (hd0,1)/boot/grub<Tab> and see all files needed by grub.

After booting you wil be able to change/correct grub's configuration.


This maybe due to a corrupted or old certificate that has been downloaded.

A certificate is used to authenticate web-requests which any of the apt-get commands uses
 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority

A similar report was made via UbuntuForums for the webupd8 PPA.

The solution is reproduced here:

sudo rm -rf /usr/share/ca-certificates
sudo apt-get --reinstall install ca-certificates

What this does is forcefully remove any certificates installed on your computer. Then the standard ca-certificates is reinstalled to repopulate the list of certificates correctly.


key import with apt-add-repository and own repository possible?

If you are asking about whether add-apt-repository will work with your own repo that you host yourself rather than on Launchpad, the answer is "No", and with good reason.

The add-apt-repository tool provides a cryptographically strong trust relationship to valid Launchpad PPAs. What it can't guarantee is that you should trust the Launchpad users who have upload access to a given PPA, but it still provides a good audit trail and a guarantee that packages at least come from the claimed PPA.

If what you were asking for was possible, it would have no trust guarantee at all and would be more or less equivalent to Windows users downloading random things from random websites at random moments in time.

Is there a good reason why you need to use your own repo, why you can't use a PPA?


The easiest way to to just select recovery mode in grub by hold down left Shift when booting. Then Drop to root shell prompt.

If you need to write to files, select Remount first.


How can I keybind a custom voice note to a particular set of keys?

You need a command line option to play the sound file, and then bind that command to a shortcut key. One option is to use ffplay, part of ffmpeg and installed by default. Thus, a command like
ffplay "/home/user/Music/"Custom voice.ogg"

will play the audio file "Custom voice.ogg". A window will appear. Closing the window will stop the playback.
If you do not want the window to appear, you can use the -nodisp option, as in
ffplay -nodisp "/home/user/Music/"Custom voice.ogg"

That way, you will not have an immediate way to stop, but you could define another hotkey that shuts ffplay down with the following command:
killall ffplay

This sends a SIGTERM signal to the program, i.e., requests the ffplay process to terminate.


I had the same issue after upgrading to 19.10.

tracker-miner-fs is part of GNOME and indexes your files. See the description here.

A quick fix that is linked/mentioned in the upstream issue is to reset the tracker by deleting the folders ~/.cache/tracker and ~/.local/share/tracker.

After that the program starts without any issue.