wget -N http://www.yoururl.com/ where www.yoururl.com is the url  you want to revisit should do the trick nicely. The -N switch will ask the server for the last-modified date. If the local file is newer, the remote file will not be re-fetched. However, if the remote file is more recent, wget will proceed fetching it normally. Note that you'll want to launch wget in the same directory you launched it originally.

A note on limitations quoted from man wget:

 If a file is downloaded more than once in the same directory,
           Wget's behavior depends on a few options, including -nc.  In
           certain cases, the local file will be clobbered, or overwritten,
           upon repeated download.  In other cases it will be preserved.

           When running Wget without -N, -nc, -r, or -p, downloading the same
           file in the same directory will result in the original copy of file
           being preserved and the second copy being named file.1.  If that
           file is downloaded yet again, the third copy will be named file.2,
           and so on.  (This is also the behavior with -nd, even if -r or -p
           are in effect.)  When -nc is specified, this behavior is
           suppressed, and Wget will refuse to download newer copies of file.
       Therefore, ""no-clobber"" is actually a misnomer in this
       mode---it's not clobbering that's prevented (as the numeric
       suffixes were already preventing clobbering), but rather the
       multiple version saving that's prevented.

Depending on your situation you may also need the -r (recursive) and -l (level depth) switches. For more information on the many switches and options available, see man wget

If wget doesn't work for you:

An alternative mentioned here to wget is httrack which is also capable of mirroring a website as well as updating it.

httrack is available by first enabling the Universe repository and then installing either via the software center or from the command line with the command sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install httrack

Sources wget:

https://superuser.com/questions/283481/how-do-i-properly-set-wget-to-download-only-new-files

man wget

http://www.editcorp.com/Personal/Lars_Appel/wget/wget_5.html

Source httrack:

http://www.linuxcertif.com/man/1/httrack/


Here is how to compile the deskew plugin for Gimp. It is largely trouble free, but I will note certain important things as I go along. This should work across all Gimp 2.x versions; it has been tested successfully on Gimp versions 2.6 and 2.8.

Firstly, you need the Gimp development files, and the most important one is libgimp2.0-dev as it contains the header files necessary for compiling plugins for gimp.

sudo apt-get install libgimp2.0-dev

I already had the other gimp development files installed, as I had run sudo apt-get build-dep gimp, but you shouldn't need them for this one plugin.

Now pull the code from git with:

git clone git://github.com/prokoudine/gimp-deskew-plugin.git

Then cd to the gimp-deskew-plugin folder and run

./autogen.sh

I would normally specify --prefix=/usr here, as we don't want the plugin installed in /usr/local, however it doesn't install correctly in the /usr hierarchy, but I will explain how to overcome that later.

Now, run make and the plugin executable is compiled in a few seconds.

As running sudo make install doesn't quite get it to where we want it (even with specifying a prefix earlier), it is necessary in this case to manually copy the one executable to the Gimp plugins folder:

Cd to ~/gimp-deskew-plugin/src and run

sudo cp deskew /usr/lib/gimp/2.0/plugins

The plugin is now accessible from Gimp > Layer > Transform > Deskew.


Looking for Clearlooks for Gtk-3.0 or something similar


How to configure ipv6 with eui-64 interface id on ubuntu 18.04?

The ipv6-address-generation key was introduced in netplan 0.99 but is currently only available for the NetworkManager backend/renderer (which needs to be noted in the documentation...).

If you have NetworkManager installed, you can try configuring renderer: NetworkManager. Also, it should have thrown an error if used with the default networkd backend/renderer...


Android application development IDE's for Ubuntu:

Android studio
Phonegap
Netbeans


starting sshd on first connection to port 22 with upstart's new socket bridge

I'd strongly recommend running sshd as a normal service instead of launching it on demand. sshd is quite capable of managing connections on its own in all but the most extreme cases.

If you absolutely must launch sshd on-demand, the following commands are helpful for troubleshooting:

ps auxw | grep ssh, grep for ssh in the list of running processes.
netstat -tlp, gives a list of the TCP ports that a service is
currently listening on. SSH should be listed here, if not, sshd isn't
configured properly.
ssh -vvv (run from the client), detailed debug output from your ssh
session, helps pinpoint the failure point.
nmap <hostname> (run from a client--requires installation of the
nmap package), list open ports on the host. If SSH isn't listed here
but is listed in the netstat output, you've probably got a firewall
issue.


directory not listing on web-browser for ftp server

It seems like you have the server configured to require authentication to see those files. You will need to configure the server to allow anonymous authentication.


Counter Strike 1.6 - Linux Client - Lag spikes

Hard to say, there are many options

internal

overheating problems in your machine
another program doing heavy networking (torrent search, download, etc)
another periodically running service/program

external

other user on the network doing heavy work
network hardware issues (overheating switch, cheap router having issues with routing table)
Busy server doesn't like you.
general shaky internet connection (wireless? someone using the microwave?)


How does the clock keep on track after a period of the machine being off?

No, it would not go astray. There is a RTC (Real Time Clock) chip:

On the motherboard which is powered by, in my case, a CR2032 battery:

Even many laptops have an internal CR2032. I discovered that when I had to replace the CPU fan in one of my laptops. Since it was such a bear to take apart, I replaced it even though it wasn't dead :)

And yes, those batteries do die after 6+ years... (Of course, your milage may vary depending on how long the computer has AC power VS. running off of only that tiny battery.)

Bonus material!

If you've ever dual booted with Windows, and aren't always connected to the internet, you'll notice that the clock is frequently wrong. That is because Ubuntu uses UTC while Windows uses LT. Therefore, they both think that the RTC's time is wrong when connected to the interent, and reset it to be correct for that OS. But then when you switch OSs, it happens again!


How to get sed to substitute for all but one character

For example with

$ echo "atPhysAddress[1][1.10.0.0.98]" | sed 's/\(\[.*\]\)\[\(.\).*\]/\1[\2]/'
atPhysAddress[1][1]

To only get the first number in the second bracket:

$ echo "atPhysAddress[1][12.10.0.0.98]" | sed 's/.*\]\[\([^.]*\).*\]/\1/'
12


The problem is due to non-matching window manager theme because in XFCE, window manager theme doesn't change from appearence settings. Use Window Manager settings to change the window border theme from Settings Manager.


If I were you, I would just run the first PPA and see how Gnome 3.8 works. If there are features missing that you want to have, then add the 2nd PPA.  The testing PPA is like a 'beta' version and the staging PPA is 'alpha' - guaranteed unstable, and yes you risk a possible system 'melt-down' that can only be recovered by having extreme knowledge of the linux / unix command line (or even a possible reinstall). Also please see these
2-articles on restoring your system:
ubuntu sytem restore-1and system restore article-2

As far as your query, I basically copied and pasted from the link you provided and bolded the answers. Hope this helps!  Personally, I am very happy to see Gnome 3.8 and am looking forward to the release of the pure Gnome (stable version) that is now a recognized distro in the Ubuntu family!  please see this article: Ubuntu GNOME Remix Joins the Ubuntu Family

Then you need to add the Ricotz testing repository that contains cutting edge git versions for the shell, gtk, glib, clutter and many Gnome applications and utilities.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ricotz/testing
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

If you want to get some more latest Gnome components and risk the stability of the system even further, then you can use the Ricotz staging repository that can be correctly used only if you added the previous two.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ricotz/staging
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

After upgrading, you will have the latest available Gnome Shell version with many applications and utilities of the corresponding version. Note that some will still stay in 3.6.x version at least for now.


Using Ubuntu 12.04 live from USB stick first time user id and password

The default username is ubuntu, and the password is blank on an Ubuntu LiveUSB.


Automatically being logged out in Lubuntu (openbox)

Some packages listed in that command (update-manager and update-manager-core) would remove your ability to update packages on your system, and that is definitely NOT recommended, so that solution would not work.

In my experience, generally if you can run sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade from a terminal, you might solve the problem. This command downloads the newest versions of packages on your system and installs them, possibly fixing bugs such as this.


ccsm/window rules/size rules: can window be maximized vertically?

Combine "Window Rules" plugin with "Place Windows" plugin. First one (tab "Size rules") will set the desired size, the second one (tab "Fixed Window Placement") will set the desired position of the windows with title=^emacs.


I use a macbook air and the fn+up and fn+down keys provide page up and page down functionality.

Alternatively, you can map additional keys to the page up and down functions, i.e. the right command and alt/option keys (honestly, how often do you use them?)  Some info on this can be found here:

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xmodmap

The short version is to use the xev program to determine what the key codes you want to change are, and create a program (say, ~/.Xmodmap) with information that remaps the key.  I use this to swap my capslock and delete keys using:

keycode 0x16 = Delete
keycode 0x42 = Backspace

Then add the command "xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap" to either your ~/.profile or ~/.bashrc files, and then run the command xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap from terminal, and your changes should take effect.


The safely remove drive option is there to flush the cache to the drive so that no data that was being written to the drive will be lost.  After the cache has been flushed to the drive it should be safe to pull the drive after that.

You could try syncing the drive before unmounting so the drive cache is flushed before you unplug it, as that should give you the same effect.  Open a terminal window and type in the following to unmount the drive:

mount

will show all attached drives.

Example of mounted drives:

~$ mount

/dev/sdd1 on /media/WD500GB type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096)
/dev/sda1 on /media/Seagate type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096)
/dev/sde1 on /media/500GB type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096)

mine is named /media/Seagate for my external USB drive.  To unmount it, just type in the following, minus the 1 on the end of the device name, but running sync to flush the cache that might be in the buffers first:

~$ sync

~$ sudo umount /dev/sda

this will cause the drive flush the cache to the drive itself, then unmount from the operating system making it safe to remove from the system.


Installing Ubuntu Natty on HP G7-1310US Problems :(

I feel your pain. The following may help you:
Problem 1: Black Screen Issue
I was able to resolve the dim screen problem as detailed in my response to the question you linked:
Is It Possible to Install 11.10 on an HP Pavilion g7 Notebook?
Reread Part III on updating the Grub config file for help on making the fix "stick".
This answer may also help (install fglrx), but I can't vouch for it myself.
Problem 2: 4-Partition Issue
Try this link: http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=10452335&postcount=2
I came across several posts addressing this issue as I was getting started with my install. I did a full fresh Ubuntu install so I don't have personal experience with this issue, but there should be plenty of help available online.
Good luck.


Trusty: Flickering problem with xorg opensource driver on ATI RV710 [Mobility Radeon HD 4330/4350/4550] [1002:9552]

One of my laptops has the same problem.

The workaround for me is NOT to use any kernel above version 3.13.x-xx
(see the launchpad bug about this: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/1479136 )


Problems with "Shutdown" and "LogOut" after upgrading to 14.04

As Sylvain Pineau pointed out, it seems that you this bug affects you.

The best way you can enable shutdown/logout/suspend in the cogwheel menu is disabling starting cairo dock at startup and then manually starting it(you can type "cairo dock on the dash and then click it to start cairo dock).

Another workaround for the moment until the bug gets fixed is using a keyboard shortcut to shutdown. For that open System settings -> Keyboard -> Shortcuts and set a "Custom Shortcut" as follows:

Click on +
Type "Shut down" ahead of "Name"
Type

dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.login1 /org/freedesktop/login1 "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager.PowerOff" boolean:true

ahead of "Command" and click "Apply"
Click on "disable" in front of the shortcut created and press the keystrokes you want to be set for shutting down, if they are already used, you'll be warned, if not you can use that keystore for shutting down without having to enter the password as you now do using sudo pm-poweroff.

For a list of other commands for rebooting, suspending and hibernating refer to this question:

What command is executed when shutdown from the graphical menu in 14.04?

You can similarly create shortcuts for other commands.


In case the link fails one day, here's what the great hero wilee-nilee*
  said (these directions solved the same problem on my notebook, too!):*

----Originally Posted by wilee-nilee----

Sounds like you have the grub bootloader installed in the usb's master boot record rather than the HD you installed Ubuntu to.

Since you can get to the Ubuntu install boot to it and run these commands. The first is to identify the HD.

sudo fdisk -l

You will see something like this, yours will show the the usb as well.

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1209d5dd

   Device  | Boot   |  Start      | End        | Blocks    | Id  | System
/dev/sda1  | *      |  2048       |  83015679  | 41506816  |  7  | HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2  |        |  83015680   | 150210559  |  33597440 |  7  | HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda3  |        | 150212606   | 312580095  | 81183745  | 5   | Extended
/dev/sda5  |        |  150212608  |  212791295 |  31289344 |  83 | Linux
/dev/sda6  |        |  212793344  |  242360319 |  14783488 |  83 | Linux
/dev/sda7  |        |  242362368  |  308369407 |  33003520 |  83 | Linux
/dev/sda8  |        |   308371456 |  312580095 |   2104320 |  82 | Linux swap / Solaris

Now I can see that my HD is actually sda, and the partitions have sda and a number like sda1.

sda is the master boot record area. So Identify the HD and then run this command to load grub to your mbr, I will use sda in this command make sure you use the letter for your HD,

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

Then run this to update grub and reboot and grub should show if the HD is first in the boot order in the bios.

sudo update-grub

----end of wilee-nilee's quote----

(for clarity) last step = first give the command 'sudo update-grub', and after that reboot!

(don't copy the numbers behind sda, sdb etc. : HD's 'identification' is just the three letters, without the number.


I had the same issue on Arch linux (32bit xfce) https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=227597

I've managed to solve it by turning off Java in Libreoffice>

First, start Libreoffice, click on Tools, click on options and under Libreoffice section click on Advanced. Deselect "Use a Java runtime environment" and problem solved.

I don't think this a good solution, but considering I don't use Java in Libreoffice it's good enough for me.


Why are my speakers working but not my headphones?

This is a pulseaudio bug, still present on 11.10

As a workaround edit /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-output-headphones.conf :

gksu gedit analog-output-headphones.conf

Than search for and comment this line like here:

[Jack_InputDevice]
#code = Headphone

Save the file and close gedit. Than restart pulseaudio with:

pulseaudio -k

Most people think this is an ALSA thing, but is not.

I reported this bug:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pulseaudio/+bug/921397


My Thunderbird calendar contents have disappeared. How can I restore them?

Unfortunately, the latest Lightning add-on does not work with the version of Thunderbird that Ubuntu offers at the moment.

You can download the older version from here


Go to TTY and run the command:

sleep 5; xdotool type <yourpassword>; xdotool key Return

and then go back to the login screen and click in the password box. Wait ~5 secs and your password will be typed and enter will have been pressed.

My pronouns are He / Him


How to join a Ubuntu 12.04 machine to a Windows domain

install likewise-open

apt-get install likewise-open

edit lightdm.conf to enable user and password GUI

nano /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

add the below lines

allow-guest=false

greeter-show-manual-login=true

edit nsswitch.conf

files dns mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] mdns4

join domain

sudo domainjoin-cli join example.local Administrator


vmware player bridged does not work when on vpn

Not sure if I'm seeing exactly the same issue. But I solved the folowing issue:

Issue: Network Bridge keeps disconnecting on a vm Ubuntu 12.04 64bit using VMWare.

Workaround: Modifying the following 2 files to have an entry with the same hostname (in my case /etc/hostname was different from the one in /etc/hosts).

In /etc/hosts:

:
127.0.1.1       %YOUR_VM_HOSTNAME%
:

In /etc/hostname:

%YOUR_VM_HOSTNAME%


rsync exclude a single file from the root folder

rsync uses directories relative to the root rsync folder.  You should be able to achieve this using something like

rsync -aAX ./ ../target --exclude=/index.php

The "/" will indicate the root directory.


How can I create custom themes Pluma editor for anyone to use?

Let's start from the existing ones. For example Oblivion color scheme:

$ dpkg -S oblivion
libgtksourceview-3.0-common: /usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/styles/oblivion.xml

The line above says that this file came from libgtksourceview-3.0-common package.
It is XML file. Its syntax is covered by Style Scheme Definition Reference.
To start hacking one can create local version of Oblivion theme by copying it to the corresponding folder and renaming it to Oblivion-mod:
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/gtksourceview-3.0/styles
cp /usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/styles/oblivion.xml ~/.local/share/gtksourceview-3.0/styles/oblivion-mod.xml

sed -i "s/oblivion/oblivion-mod/g" ~/.local/share/gtksourceview-3.0/styles/oblivion-mod.xml
sed -i "s/Oblivion/Oblivion-mod/g" ~/.local/share/gtksourceview-3.0/styles/oblivion-mod.xml
sed -i "s/Dark color/Modified dark color/" ~/.local/share/gtksourceview-3.0/styles/oblivion-mod.xml

and then apply this theme and continously edit the file.
Also note that there are some style collections on the net:

https://www.gnome-look.org/browse/cat/279/order/latest/
https://github.com/trusktr/gedit-color-schemes


Which version of Debian are Ubuntu LTS releases based on?

That part of that answer is wrong.
LTS is based (mostly) on debian-testing
From https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS:

We are more conservative in our package merge with Debian, auto-synching with Debian testing, instead of Debian unstable.
[LTS is not] Cutting Edge: Instead of doing an automatic full package import from Debian unstable, we will do it from Debian testing. The benefit we gain from not introducing new bugs and/or regressions outweighs the new features and/or fixes we often get from unstable.

We reserve the right to selectively pull in updates from unstable, if we believe the stability of the package in Debian is better than what is in the current Ubuntu archive.

The obvious corollary is that non-LTS releases are based, for the most part, on Debian unstable.


Following this rather outdated guide: How To Backup Your iPod Music on Linux, I used gtkpod 2.1.1 in Ubuntu 12.04 to export all the music files from the iPod to a backup folder.

I had to:

Connect the iPod USB cable
Mount the iPod device in Thunar (using its left pane)
Open gtkpod, then select the iPod, then right-click in the Playlist Tracks pane, then Select All
Either Tools > Export Tracks > To Filesystem or right-click > Copy > To Filesystem
Choose an Export Destination Directory, hit Save
Sit back and relax while the backup is being completed

You can check if all went well by looking at the number of files in the destination dir and the size of the files contained as displayed in the Thunar status bar, and cross-checking this with View > Repository information in gtkpod. I had a discrepancy of 11 items (1599 on the iPod vs 1588 in the backup dir) but, oh well, maybe there were some duplicates lying around.

See also:

Exporting files from the iPod (official docs)


You can create a fake device, push audio to it, and have Skype use this as your microphone.
# Determine "Computer Audio" Sink
pacmd list-sinks | egrep '^\s+name:'
    name: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-surround-21

# Determine "Microphone" Source
pacmd list-sources | egrep '^\s+name:'
    name: alsa_input.usb-Blue_Microphones_Yeti_Stereo_Microphone_X-00.analog-stereo

# Create Fake Microphone for Skype
pactl load-module module-null-sink sink_name="FakeMicrophone" sink_properties=device.description="FakeMicrophone"
# Tie "Microphone" to FakeMicrophone
pactl load-module module-loopback latency_msec=1 source=alsa_input.usb-Blue_Microphones_Yeti_Stereo_Microphone_X-00.analog-stereo sink=FakeMicrophone
# Tie "Computer Audio" Monitor to FakeMicrophone
pactl load-module module-loopback latency_msec=1 source=alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-surround-21.monitor sink=FakeMicrophone

While FakeMicrophone is a sink (output), it has a Monitor FakeMicrophone.monitor, which is a source (input).  For this same reason, "Computer Audio" has .monitor in the above commands.
If you use pavucontrol, you can see this show up and make adjustments as needed.  You can even adjust which sources map to the new sink.
Once you figure out the required commands, you can have this persist by adding them to /etc/pulse/default.pa (bottom is fine), and dropping the pactl part:
# Create Fake Microphone for Skype
load-module module-null-sink sink_name="FakeMicrophoneSink" sink_properties=device.description="FakeMicrophoneSink"
# Tie "Microphone" to FakeMicrophoneSink
load-module module-loopback latency_msec=1 source=alsa_input.usb-Blue_Microphones_Yeti_Stereo_Microphone_X-00.analog-stereo sink=FakeMicrophoneSink
# Tie "Computer Audio" Monitor to FakeMicrophoneSink
load-module module-loopback latency_msec=1 source=alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-surround-21.monitor sink=FakeMicrophoneSink

When launching applications from the command line, you can adjust which audio output they will use by setting PULSE_SINK:
PULSE_SINK="WhateverSink" mpv /path/to/video

export PULSE_SINK="WhateverSink"
mpv /path/to/video


gnome-tweaks is a application.
so look for this file in /usr/share/applications/
open it with text editor and look for the icon specified.

if you observe all these images are linked files to gnome-tweak-tool.svg in their respective size folders like 22, 48 etc

So, we have two options

either, directly deleting and pasting the required items in place of org.gnome.tweaks in respected folder with out linking.
or, again linking gnome-tweak.tool.svg files to org. gnome. tweaks.svg in respected folders.


Well there are the standard tools:

gconf-editor (GUI)
gconftool / gconftool-2 (CLI)
dconf-editor (GUI)

All my compiz settings are in gconf under /apps/compiz-1

For you exact example:

gconftool-2 -s -t string '/apps/compiz-1/plugins/decor/screen0/options/decoration_match' '!state=maxvert'


Understanding how PATH environment variable works

export PATH="$VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON:/home/ujjval/anaconda2/bin/python:/bin:/usr/bin"

Sets PATH for your current shell, using the value of $VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON at the time.

export PATH="/usr/bin:bin:PATH"

breaks your PATH (where is bin? What's PATH). it should be:

export PATH="/usr/bin:/bin:$PATH"

to use the previous value of PATH.

And yes, subsequent assignments to PATH overwrite previous values.

PATH="$VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON:/home/ujjval/anaconda2/bin/python:/bin:/usr/bin"

sets your PATH to the current value of VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON, a possible single file (which is wrong - is /home/ujjval/anaconda2/bin/python a file or a directory? Should it be /home/ujjval/anaconda2/bin?), and two of the system directories, ignoring the previous value of PATH.

Ignoring the previous PATH is unsafe. For example, Ubuntu added /snap/bin to the default PATH when Snap support began. (see /etc/profile.d/apps-bin-path.sh). Your methods will lose track of this directory.

Here's how PATH (a colon separated list of directories) works (from man bash:

COMMAND EXECUTION

       After a command has been split into words, if it  results  in  a  simple  command  and  an
       optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken.

       If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate it.  If there exists
       a shell function by that name, that function is invoked as described above  in  FUNCTIONS.
       If  the  name  does  not  match a function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell
       builtins.  If a match is found, that builtin is invoked.

       If the name is neither a shell function nor a  builtin,  and  contains  no  slashes,  bash
       searches  each  element  of the PATH for a directory containing an executable file by that
       name.  Bash uses a hash table to remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hash
       under  SHELL  BUILTIN  COMMANDS  below).   A  full  search  of  the directories in PATH is
       performed only if the command  is  not  found  in  the  hash  table.   If  the  search  is
       unsuccessful,    the    shell    searches    for    a   defined   shell   function   named
       command_not_found_handle.  If that function  exists,  it  is  invoked  with  the  original
       command  and  the  original  command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit
       status becomes the exit status of the shell.  If that function is not defined,  the  shell
       prints an error message and returns an exit status of 127.

       If  the  search  is  successful,  or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the
       shell executes the named program in a separate execution environment.  Argument 0  is  set
       to  the  name  given,  and the remaining arguments to the command are set to the arguments
       given, if any.

       If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, and the file is  not
       a  directory,  it  is  assumed  to be a shell script, a file containing shell commands.  A
       subshell is spawned to execute it.  This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect
       is  as  if  a new shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that the
       locations of commands remembered by  the  parent  (see  hash  below  under  SHELL  BUILTIN
       COMMANDS) are retained by the child.

       If  the  program is a file beginning with #!, the remainder of the first line specifies an
       interpreter for the program.  The shell executes the specified  interpreter  on  operating
       systems  that  do  not  handle  this  executable  format themselves.  The arguments to the
       interpreter consist of a single optional argument following the interpreter  name  on  the
       first  line  of  the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command
       arguments, if any


Remove Thunderbird from the indicator-messages

You can accomplish that using dconf-editor.  Just Press Alt-F2, type dconf-editor into the box, and press Enter to run it.

IF you don't have it installed, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

Browse to com > canonical > indicator > messages, and just delete 'thunderbird.desktop from between the brackets.  Logout, and log back in, and you're set.


Here the steps:

Open up Terminal
Type sudo gedit /etc/default/keyboard
Modify XKBOPTIONS="" to XKBOPTIONS="numpad:microsoft"
Save and exit the editor
Reboot the system to take the changes in effect.

I hope the issue will now be solved.


GRUB trouble (installing Ubuntu, dual-booting with OS X)

I successfully reached the Live USB desktop. It's all plain sailing from here.

I solved it by formatting the USB as FAT instead of exFAT.

I reformatted the 40 GB partition on my SSD as FAT too just in case.


How can I configure gedit to execute different languages with F5?

This can be done with the external tools in gedit. They're found under Tools.

Create a new external tool and paste the following code into it:

#!/bin/sh

GEDIT_CURRENT_DOCUMENT_NAME_ROOT=`echo $GEDIT_CURRENT_DOCUMENT_NAME | sed 's/\(.*\)\.tex$/\1/'`
g++ $GEDIT_CURRENT_DOCUMENT_NAME_ROOT.cpp -o $GEDIT_CURRENT_DOCUMENT_NAME_ROOT.out; ./$GEDIT_CURRENT_DOCUMENT_NAME_ROOT.out

Then bind a Shortcut Key, in your case F5, to this tool.

And, finally press the three dots in the lower right corner (right of Applicability) and choose an option so that it only applies to C++ files.


Check your open office backup folder

/home/<user name>/.openoffice.org/3/user

Sources:
http://user.services.openoffice.org/en/forum/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=16040
http://user.services.openoffice.org/en/forum/viewtopic.php?f=74&t=12426


Problem adding NetBeans IDE to Docky Unity

Your problem is that you haven't defined NetBeans' StartupWMClass.

To fix this issue, run this command (copy-paste it all at once):

echo "StartupWMClass=NetBeans IDE 8.0.2" \
| sudo tee -a /usr/share/applications/netbeans-8.0.2.desktop

This will add the WMClass for Netbeans to the desktop file, allowing Netbeans to be pinned.

Finally, log out and log back in. NetBeans should be able to be pinned.

As a side-note, the logo is going to be rather low-resolution.

To fix this, run the below commands:

sudo apt-get install icnsutils
cd /usr/local/netbeans-8.0.2/nb
sudo icns2png -x -s 128x128 -d 32 netbeans.icns
sudo mv netbeans.png netbeans.png.bak
sudo mv netbeans_128x128x32.png netbeans.png

This will install the icnsutil package which contains the utility icns2png (which converts ICNS files to PNG). Then, we invoke this to generate a 128x icon for Netbeans, which we then move to the netbeans.png file.


Can we add event from top-bar calendar on Ubuntu17.10?

You can use the "Gnome Calendar" program to add/modify the event. Click on the Activities link (or press the Super key), type "Calendar" to get the program. If the program is not installed, use the Ubuntu Software Center to install it.


How Do I Make Thumbnails Larger When Selecting Files For a File Input Type?

You have selected a directory, the file chooser dialog doesn't know how to show a preview of a directory. But if you choose an image, it suddenly shows a preview on the right hand side.

Compare these two screenshots. One with a directory selected and another with an image selected.

Using Ubuntu 16.04


CCISS not recognizing new SCSI drives - HP Proliant Server

I figured this out.  Just for posterity sake, I used this resource:

http://www.scottalanmiller.com/linux/2012/04/22/adding-new-drives-to-an-hp-proliant-smartarray-with-lvm/

Essentially I was missing the HPACUCLI utility that is needed to pass logical drives through to the LVM.  The controller saw them, it just was not passing them through to linux.  Pretty easy fix, getting the HP repository to load was a little annoying.


How do I add a new root folder to specific drive?

Since you specified you'd like them both to be on the same partition on that drive, I'll give you some pointers:

Your existing /var mount probably mounts the entire partition, ie the root of that partition.  You can therefore only do that once.
You could, however, have both a /var and a /backup on that partition, ie have both of them one level down.  So instead of the root of that partition being your /var, the root of your partition will contain a "var" and a "backup" directory.

You would then need to mount that drive to one specific mount point, say /mnt/mydrive.

Then, set up bind mounts from /var and /backup to directories within your /mnt/mydrive, eg to /mnt/mydrive/var and /mnt/mydrive/backup.

The use of bind mounts allows you to have them in your /etc/fstab just like a normal mount, but it allows you to mount only a particular directory, not the whole partition.


No volume control after joining PulseAudio with Jack

I just followed this tutorial on disabling the old keyboard shortcuts and creating new ones. At that link they use the multimedia keys to control the alsa mixer but I used it to control the pulseaudio mixer with
Volume up:

pactl set-sink-volume 0 +10%

Volume down:

pactl set-sink-volume 0 -- -10%

Mute:

pactl set-sink-mute 0 toggle

This will only control pulseaudio volume though and ignore anything plugged directly into Jack. It also leaves you without the handy gui showing the volume level as you adjust it.


Please do:

sudo modprobe iwlwifi

did it turn back on? if so do:

echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf
sudo modprobe -rfv iwldvm
sudo modprobe -rfv iwlwifi
sudo modprobe -v iwldvm
sudo modprobe -v iwlwifi

if not tell us how you uninstalled the driver.


No, 0.0.0.0 (your default traffic) is going to 192.168.0.1 (wlan0)

If you want to route everything external to your vpn, you need to add a new default route and to delete the current one:

sudo route del default
sudo route add default gw 10.8.0.17 (where 10.8.0.17 is the vpn gateway)

Openvpn has the option redirect-gateway to do it the way you want (without using the routes above manually).

Sending everything over the vpn is not the default behavior of a vpn and usually not it's main purpose. A VPN is to connect two remote endpoints so it sends only what needs to reach the other endpoint through the vpn and not everything. (VPN traffic is encrypted so it is slower than regular connection).


I've just had the same issue today, on a freshly installed 15.04. My problem was about the animation on the Google Chrome download page, and my graphics card's driver's not being able to handle it. I am using an Nvidia graphics card, so I tried installing proprietary Nvidia driver and problem solved.

I suggest you try installing/updating the driver for your graphics card, to do so you can check Additional Drivers tab of the Software & Updates in System Settings:


need help with script options in terminal/bash

You have one backquote (`) in you code but it is not complemented by the ending backquote. It's not clear what are you up to with the backquotes.

Backquotes are used for command substitution, also start using $() for command substitution instead of older and problematic backquotes.

To solve your current problem, just comment out the single backquote (`) after the apt-get update line i.e.:

apt-get update

# `
echo "please select the Version of blah you want ************  1)blah1    2)blah2 3)blah3 4)All (1,2,3) 5)I will do this manualy (in the software center)"


How to install Sogou input method on Ubuntu 20.04

I modified the .deb file, i.e. dropped those two dependencies. The result can be downloaded here:
https://people.ubuntu.com/~gunnarhj/sogoupinyin_2.3.1.0112+noQt4Deps_amd64.deb
Then navigate to the Downloads folder and do:
sudo apt install ./sogoupinyin_2.3.1.0112+noQt4Deps_amd64.deb

But this should really not be needed. The sogoupinyin maintainers should port that package to Qt5 or at least drop the Qt4 runtime dependencies.
Edit:
This has been fixed in the latest version; see answer posted by handsome_feng.


How to freshly install ubuntu 12.04 deleting both ubuntu 12.10 and windows xp

just follow the official guide here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/GraphicalInstall

In the "Installation Type" menu, choose the option "Erase disk and install Ubuntu".

Follow all the next steps until reboot.

You're done !

Cheers,
ponsfrilus


Use full path, for example:

/sbin/reboot


Why am I having the most perfectly looking boot when I run from CD/USB but not from HD?

"the bootscreen animation resolution matches my screen"

That works only if you're using kernel modesetting, which means no proprietary graphics drivers (nvidia or amd fglrx)


How to uninstall kwin without installing openbox?

Try installing sawfish and make it the default window manager. After doing that, uninstall kwin (which is provided by the kde-window-manager package).


Try to login on the machines that are stuck in "allocating" and see what's going on. Try juju ssh <unit-name>, or just juju ssh N where "N" is the machine id.

Also, the debug-log command you used will by default only show the last few lines, like tail(1). Try juju debug-log --replay, that will give you the full output. But I think your best bet is to login on those machines.


Package 'libmysqlclient-dev' has no installation candidate

Try to use:

default-libmysqlclient-dev in your Dockerfile

instead of libmysqlclient-dev


How to I restore ubuntu-desktop / unity / gnome back to it's original state

Perhaps try this method of reinstalling unity:

How do I reinstall Unity?

I've had similar issues in the past when exploring additional desktop environments and this is the procedure I used to get Unity back up and running.


Partitioning in Dual Boot of Ubuntu and windows 7

Using Wubi, you can install Ubuntu in Windows without having to repartition your computer. Note: there will be a performance impact: https://askubuntu.com/a/618/164093

To dual-boot, you will need to make a new parition for Ubuntu. However, if you have 4 primary partitions, you may have to delete one in order to make space for an extended partition.


White lines flashing on screen after sleep mode

I have similar problem with HP ProBook 650 (especial when I lock and unlock the screen in Gnome Shell). My workaround (when the line appears) is to run this script:

#!/bin/bash

for i in {1..2}
do
    xrandr --output eDP-1 --brightness 0
    xset dpms force suspend
    xset dpms force on
    xrandr --output eDP-1 --brightness 1
    # sleep 0.2
done

I call this script "reload my display". Sometimes it does not work at first time and it is why I used a for loop.

After that, the line disappears until next lock screen.


On ubuntu 16.04 installing the packages liblapack3 and libblas3 should fix your issue.


Cannot connect to the Internet on Lenovo Ideapad Z580.

The actual problem was a bad nameserver in resolv.conf that was fixed with

sudo dpkg-reconfigure resolvconf


Why do I get "Metadata kept in Windows cache, refused to mount" when I try to mount my NTFS drive?

Try mounting it like this (if you haven't already):

mount -o ro /dev/sda5


I have a netbook I can't format (for legal reasons) and cannot upgrade from the terminal to Ubuntu 14.04 from 10.04

There is the option to just do a clean install from a current version - provided you are entitled to (the use of 'legally' in your question suggests not, but if it's an ex-school one, now yours then you can do what you like..).

Backup any important files to external drive first, boot from a USB (or CD) & you have total control over your old drive, no matter what's been installed on it. If the computer won't boot from USB then you need to hunt through BIOS to find why - there's alway 'reset to defaults' if you can't.

Upgrading from archaic versions, my experience has been that it balks if too old (& I think 10.04 may be).

If these answers don't help you, a bit more detail (eg which netbook, what happens when you try) may open things up a bit more.


How to use files selected in nautilus as arguments to a script

Run a script with files selected in Nautilus as argument

Make sure MyScript.sh is executable.
Copy (or move) the script to
/home/$USER/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/.
Open Nautilus and select a file (or multiple files).
Right click on the selected file to open the context menu.
Go to Scripts > MyScript.sh

Note: The Menu item Scripts > does not appear until there is a script or any file in the folder /home/$USER/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/. You can see the location of this folder in the top bar of the Nautilus screenshot above.

MyScript.sh will run with the selected files as arguments.


upgrading system and lts-trusty packages

These packages should not install. They are transitional for upgrade from 12.04 to 14.04. And 'trusty' is the name of 14.04 release.


Problem in booting with USB stick to install Ubuntu

When turning on your machine boot to your BIOS settings by pressing the key F2, or other F[number] if you have different machine settings.
Use right arrow key to move to the "BOOT" menu right on the top of your screen, the you will see a list of Boot inputs (DVD Drive, USB, Disk Drive, or whatever), I think you will find your Disk Drive on top of the list because the logic of boot of the computer says "I search for boot sector in number1 of the list, if found I Load that system else I move to the next in the list if found I load that system else I move to the next and so on until it finishes all the Boot inputs (the boot list)".
So you want to see "USB Drive" on top of the list, look down the screen and read how you can change that list, usually I do this by putting the cursor on what ever I want to be on top of the list the I press (+) button to move it the top, press it few times until it's number 1 in the list.
If you are done, don't forget to save changes either by pressing exit then when it asks you for save say "yes" or search for save option and do it.
Now, you are ready to Boot from you USB, put it there and turn on your machine and it will work.

If this is a little difficult to follow, here is a video that describes how it works maybe it can make things lot easier with video: your link.
Your issue will start on 5:20 so be tuned.


Where I can find a list of all css classes that composes the terminal?

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1479239

Looks like there's a full post on customizing various classes. Unfortunately, aside from looking at the source code and going through it, it doesn't look like very many people have created a list for the specific classes that can be used in the CSS file.

With a bit of looking around, at least for the issue that you mentioned, this is what I found. Seems to get done what you're wanting.

http://harts.net/reece/2013/02/26/highlighting-the-active-tab-in-gnome-terminal/

Instructions provided in link:

Create (or edit) ~/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css.

Add these lines:

@define-color ubuntu_orange #fb9267;

TerminalWindow .notebook tab:active {
 background-color: shade(@ubuntu_orange,1.1);
}

Might I suggest that you do a lot of testing in a Virtual Machine before doing this. Would hate to have a broken terminal!


How to backup entire disk for Ubuntu Server quickly and easily

You can use any disk imaging utility.
I prefer
Clonezilla. It's a Linux based disk imaging utility. You can back up any system you want. It has many features such as cloning a partition or cloning an entire disk.


This question had an answer:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/55791/port-forward-to-vpn-client
This is the final configuration that worked:
#/etc/ufw/before.rules
*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -i eth0 -d 159.203.94.186 -p tcp --dport 25566 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.8.1.2:25566
# setup routing
-A POSTROUTING -d 10.8.1.2 -p tcp --dport 25566 -j SNAT --to-source 10.8.1.1
#-A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.1.2 ! -d 10.8.1.2 -eth0 -j MASQUERADE
COMMIT


Apache2 failed to start failed to start LSB

You have a syntax error in your .conf file in line 140.

That's what the error tells you.

You can see which .conf file it is if you use the -l like listed in the last line of that message.

systemctl status apache2.service -l


Swap is being used 3% inspite of swappines=100 causing freezes

The default swappiness is 60. I would avoid extremes like 1% or 100%.

You can limit Firefox RAM usage on this screen accessed by Preferences -> Performance -> Content Process Limit:

The default setting is 4. You can reduce RAM impact by setting it to 2. Performance will slow but RAM consumption will reduce. I have too much RAM so I set it to 7 (the maximum).


How could I know if a documentation deals with Apache 2.2 or Apache 2.4? Any "striking" criterion?

Unless the article mentions it, you can't verify it accuratly. You're best bet is to check Apache's official documenation and verify the content of the article matches what you see in the docs.

The Apache docs may seem complex at first if you aren't used to them, but you'll get the hangs of them after a short while.

Having said that, there aren't a lot of differences between 2.2 and 2.4. And while looking at the upgrade guide from 2.2 to 2.4: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/upgrading.html, at first glance, there doesn't seem to be anything related to the mod_expires module. So in theory, that article you found should be valid for both versions.


Is it possible to close Evolution but still get notifications for new mail in GNOME 3 notification area?

This worked for me on Gnome 15.04:

This is a How-To for making Email Notifications work for Gnome & Evolution (or any other mail client)

It all started when I decided that having Evolution open all the time was a bit annoying. I like Evolution because it integrates well with Google Mail, Contacts & Calendars, as well as all my IMAP mail boxes and my Yahoo POP mailbox. I didn't want to change client. I am using Mail Notification 5.4 by Jean-Yves Lefort in Ubuntu.

I could have minimised Evolution to the system tray and got mail notifications as they came in by using KDocker (KDocker tutorial) or AllTray but they didn't do quite what I wanted for one reason or another, for example, compatibility issues with Compiz.

Open Synaptic package Manager and search for "mail-notification", tick both mail-notification & mail-notification-evolution
or in a terminal, type:

sudo apt-get install mail-notification mail-notification-evolution

Once this is done, open Evolution and check the plugin is installed and active: Edit > Plugins > Jean-Yves Lefort's Mail Notification (make sure there is a tick next to it).

Now you should find the configuration properties for mail notification - search the dash for "mail notification".

This is where you add your mailboxes, now, this is where things started going wrong and took a bit of working out. I added a mailbox by clicking 'Add', then on the option of 'Mailbox Type' I selected Evolution; of course, but it didn't work.

Trying to add Evolution in Mail notify gave me the error "Mail Notification can not contact Evolution. Make sure that Evolution is running and that the Evolution Jean-Yves Lefort's Mail Notification plugin is loaded." Both were true and so I tried to fix this problem, I read lots of bug reports and tried various 'fixes' all to no avail.

Then I thought to myself, why not take Evolution out of the equation until it's needed? So I configured my IMAP & POP accounts directly, OK, it took a bit longer but totally worth it, here's how...

Select mailbox type (e.g. IMAP, POP, Gmail, etc)
Fill in the General tab with mail server address, username/email address & password
Click TAB called 'Connection' and select Authentication Mechanism.

IMPORTANT

I changed the drop down menu to Cram-MD5 for mine, but select whatever Authentication method your provider uses, if you don't know, trial and error only takes a few seconds more. If you leave it on 'Autodetect' you will get an error saying 'Unhandled IMAP or POP mailbox (unable to encode Base64: overflowed buffer)' and it won't work. if you have the wrong authentication Mechanism you'll get the same error or it won't connect, straight forward.
Select the 'Details' Tab and changed the name of your mailbox if you want to, this is just what your Mailbox is identified as in the list, I called mine by the email address i.e. chris@blahblah.blah
Apply,OK

...and thats it for that part.

Now send yourself a test email to the address you just configured and you'll get a notification!

Mail Reader

If you right-click the mail icon, the first option is 'Mail Reader' and when you click it, what's supposed to happen is your Mail Reader (Evolution) opens up so you can read and reply to the email, mine didn't do anything.

The reason, I found out, was because it was trying to open Thunderbird... I found out by opening a terminal and typing:

tail -n 0 -f ~/.xsession-errors

Then clicking the 'Mail Reader' option. The output told me that the 'click' called Thunderbird.

To set the correct Mail Client, on the desktop taskbar, click open: System > Preferences > Preferred Applications

Under the Mail Reader section in the 'Command' box, type in Evolution, or the path to Evolution, i.e. /usr/bin/evolution

You might want to add options to it, you can check what options are available on the man page:

man evolution

Finally, close the Preferred Applications dialog and you're done, email notifications without Evolution being open.


how to install atom-beautify using command line in the terminal

After doing some research on the web, I found a PPA that may give access to the atom package. These 3 commands;

sudo add apt repository ppa:webupd8team/atom

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install atom

after this install the atom-beautify package should be available.


Connecting wifi usb adapter netgear a6100

Well plugging it into your usb slot would be a good start.....Joking aside linux dosen't take to kindly to usb wifi adapters unless they specifically say they work on the platform.

If you can and your confident enough to open up your laptop, buy a internal wifi card as they work more times then not on linux.

Just make sure you get the small square pcie card and not the full, big rectangular made for desktops card.


Please note:

  WARNING: As it stands now, Etoile is more or less a development
  environment and not a desktop environment. We have no working theme
  since we are still in the process of migrating from our Camaelon theme
  engine to the new one bundled with GNUstep. User-oriented applications
  such as Melodie can fail to launch or behave correctly because their
  development have been put on hold. We advise you not to use the
  session support built into Étoilé, but rather write Étoilé code inside
  another environment such as GNOME or KDE.

Taken from the Etoile website.

How to install (trunk)

Etoile is a of a tough call on Ubuntu, but I'll try to guide you in the right direction. Please note a few things though:

I have not installed Etoile myself.
Etoile is not officially supported on Ubuntu.
The instructions provided are outdated.

The dependencies are posted here: http://etoileos.com/downloads/installtrunk/ubuntu/ and the instructions are here: http://etoileos.com/downloads/installtrunk/

I would have liked to include instructions here, but as this project would be best installed on your system using the trunk version I would suggest you follow what instructions they have on their site directly (the instructions will be kept up to date).


You can changes keybinding in Geany from edit, preferences. The 2 you mention:

But you probably want this one:


W: GPG error and WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated!

Finally, solved this problem by following steps:

sudo mv /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d.backup
sudo mkdir /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d
sudo chmod 755 /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d

Then, for each key you need:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 54422A4B98AB5139

As mentioned in Cannot solve GPG error link.


How can I customize the gnome panels in Ubuntu NetBook edition?

The beginning of post should help you out: http://www.webupd8.org/2010/06/how-to-get-most-out-of-ubuntu-netbook.html


The issue is being tracked here: themes currently don't work with snaps yet.


In Ubuntu, Upstart in user mode reads configuration files from the following locations:

/usr/share/upstart/sessions/
/usr/share/upstart/xdg/autostart/
/etc/xdg/autostart/

You can try deciphering man 5 init if you want more info.


how to connect with minicom to a cisco switch and a serial to rj-45 adapter to connect my computer in Ubuntu

You can not use your LAN port on PC to connect console cable.

Because you don't have COM port on your PC you need some converter USB to RS232. Picture of converter is here. Then you will get /dev/ttyUSB port, when you connect converter, for communication with switch via minicom.

In converter connect cisco console cable. RJ45 connector of cisco cable connect to console port on switch.

Then your minicom with setting will work

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| A -    Serial Device      : /dev/ttyUSB0                              |
| B - Lockfile Location     : /var/lock                                 |
| C -   Callin Program      :                                           |
| D -  Callout Program      :                                           |
| E -    Bps/Par/Bits       : 9600 8N1                                  |
| F - Hardware Flow Control : Yes                                       |
| G - Software Flow Control : No                                        |
|                                                                       |
|    Change which setting?                                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
        | Screen and keyboard      |
        | Save setup as dfl        |
        | Save setup as..          |
        | Exit                     |
        | Exit from Minicom        |
        +--------------------------+

Without COM port you can only use telnet/ssh, access via network, for access to switch but you switch must have configured ip address.


Can't install anything but cuda 10.1 with driver version 430

Try purging libnvidia-compute-390 (both 64bit and 32 bit).  That's the packge with libcuda.so.*

You might have up to 14 packages starting with libnvidia- associated with a specific Nvidia driver.  None of these would have been picked up with a purge of "nvndia-*"


Try aptoncd. This might be what you're looking for. Doesn't do deb's I think.


Cannot update or upgrade Ubuntu. Nothing is available (no new packages, nothing)

Check and correct your system clock  (or your timezone as both could be wrong).

System clock should ideally be set to UTC, and local time-correcting done via timezone (ie. conversion to local time done by the system; with internet or UTC time the default).

Use timedatectl to view this data.

If your clock is badly wrong, the system will not touch any upgrades available, as the incorrect time could mean they [updates] have been tampered with (and are thus ignored with warnings/errors as you got).

For more detail: https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/NTP.html


Concatenating several .mp3 files into one .mp3

cat is not the right tool for this job. The MP3 format has all sorts of junk that can lurk at the front and end of the file and this needs to be strippe out. mp3wrap is what you want. It will exclude any metadata in the files and stick the audio together.

sudo apt-get install mp3wrap
mp3wrap output.mp3 *.mp3

Before you do that, run ls *.mp3 to check that they're in the correct order. When I originally wrote this answer (over six years ago!) wildcard globs apparently didn't behave well but I think they do now.

You might need to rename the files if for example, they are numbered but aren't zero-padded, {1-11}.mp3 would be sorted by 1 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9. This can be fixed easily.


IPv4 is not getting configured on Ubuntu in a dualstack (IPv4/IPv6) network

Please correct me if I'm wrong or if there is a better or more user-friendlier way to configure networking with dualstack IPv4/IPv6 on Ubuntu.

Apparently checking the Require IPv4 addressing for this connection to complete does what I wanted: Try to configure both protocols and ensure that an IPv4 is configured for the host, don't just stop the configuration process after IPv6 is configured.

I'm not sure if it was the (german) translation of the option or me just being ignorant and searching in the wrong places for a solution or the possible cause.


Java Runtime Kubuntu 18.04 LTS to get Blu-Ray Menu in VLC

Install the Blu-ray Java module

sudo apt-get install libbluray-bdj libbluray-bin

Restart VLC


How do I participate in the Ubuntu App Showdown?

You sign up by submitting your app packaged in a PPA before the deadline (9th July 2012) through the MyApps portal, along with the App Showdown Participation details text file to indicate you want to take part in the contest.

That's step 4 in the Ubuntu App Showdown page.

Sending a message to @ubuntuappdev on Twitter is not exactly necessary but is highly recommended to let the judges and others know how your app is progressing.

This section of the App Showdown details page makes it pretty clear:

  Spread the word

  Keep everyone updated by blogging about your app’s progress and post
  the blog entry link on Twitter with the #ubuntuappshowdown hash tag.

  Be sure to send your blog entries to the UbuntuAppShowdown reddit or
  as a mention to @ubuntuappdev – the judges like to see your progress!

The blogging and tweeting is just a means of spreading the word about the App Showdown and your app.


I came across this problem too.
Try pressing Ctrl+Alt+F3, it worked for me.


Try typing sudo startx, and check if there are no errors. Did you install or update the drivers recently? It happened once when I tried to install ATI video driver, I just uninstalled it and things got normal again.


The answer is a subshell. Try this:
realpath $(ls) | grep .run$ | xargs sh -c
Or:
ls -d ./* | grep .run$ | xargs sh -c
Those will work, but it might be better to use find if what you are trying to do is execute a file whenever it fulfills certain conditions.
find $PWD -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.run" -exec {} \;

Notes:
The file's executable permission must be set. Change with chmod if needed.
A warning: the previous one-liners will try to execute anything they match. Read about dot slash:

"...A user could eliminate the need to precede commands by a dot slash (...) However, this is generally not advisable on safety and security grounds..."


I've been having this issue even in Lubuntu 13.04 Raring, and using apt-get to install the lubuntu-artwork packages in the other answers here did nothing for me. I did a lot of digging, running in circles, and guesswork before I found a solution.

The problem here is that the parameters used to define the scrollbar images to GTK are wrong - specifically, the border values given total up to a larger space than the image's dimensions (as the warnings state).

Solution

To fix this, you'll need to:

Open /usr/share/themes/Lubuntu-default/gtk-2.0/scrollbar.rc with elevated permissions (e.g. sudo emacs).
The first two Image definitions (containing null.png) will have a border argument defined. Change both of these to have values of {1, 1, 1, 1}.
The next few Image definitions are for the scrollbar itself, in its normal and prelit states.

For the horizontal scrollbars, change the border to {6, 6, 4, 4}.
For the vertical scrollbars, change the border to {4, 4, 6, 6}.

Technical Reasoning

I came across this tutorial on GTK2's pixmap engine which explained to me what the various arguments given in the pixmap's gtkrc arguments meant. What the border argument seems to do is define how many pixels of the image should be preserved from the respective edge of the image before the rest of them are stretched to fit the widget (though an image with larger borders than the widget containing it will be squashed anyway; making the vertical scrollbar 12px big resulted in a squashed scrollbar).

The order of the numbers are {left, right, top, bottom}. null.png is a 2x2 image, so to make the borders fit within the image, each side should be 1 pixel. A left of 1 + a right of 1 = 2. Same for the top and bottom. The vertical scrollbar image is an 8x18 image. The given border dimensions of {6, 6, 6, 6} total a width larger than 8 pixels. For the horizontal scrollbar (which is 18x8), that's a height greater than 8 pixels.

In short, a border argument where the sum of the left and right or top and bottom border values are greater than the dimensions of the image will cause that warning.


Read man 3 syslog to see how programs send stuff towards the logs, less /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.d/* to see how messages are distributed to log files, and man rsyslog.conf to understand the output from the previous command.


I added my user to the 'audio' group and after re-logging in, it was fixed.

usermod -a -G audio $USER

I noticed when aplay wasn't able to list devices as a user:

Listing with with my account:

aplay -l

aplay: device_list:268: no soundcards found

It didn't see any cards, but when listing with root (sudo):

aplay -l

\*\*\*\* List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices \*\*\*\*
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 0: ALC892 Analog [ALC892 Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1    Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

it saw them all.

I don't know why this was necessary, because on my other machine the group exists, and my user isn't part of it either. It did work though.


Connect to MySQL DB tunneling with SSH using Emma

You can create an SSH tunnel manually with:

ssh -L 33060:localhost:3306 user@remotehost

While this ssh session is open, connections to your port 33060 will be forwarded to (the standard mysql server) port 3306 on the remote server.

Then any mysql client can connect to the mysql server running on 'remotehost', e.g.:

mysql -P 33060 -h 127.0.0.1 -u mysqluser -p

I've used this method to connect emma to a mysql server running privately (not accessible externally) on another machine before. Unfortunately, with this method, you have to establish the tunnel manually before emma's stored server connection will work.


Installing bluetooth manager without a keyboard

You can use a on screen keyboard. Just look here into the official documentation:

Instead of typing "settings" you have to search for the entry manually, which should not be a problem.

If you want to run a script (.sh), it's best to copy to your home folder. Then run a terminal and type

chmod +x yourscript.sh
./yourscript.sh

First line will make the file executable, which is an addition security barrier so you don't run downloaded files accidently. Second line will run the script.


This

rename 's/\.list$/.list.disable/' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list

renamed all files in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ from *.list to *.list.disabled.

Probably the easiest to do would be to turn the rename around:
So that would be ...

rename 's/\.list.disable$/.list/' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list.disable
sudo apt-get update


Why does Linux/Ubuntu have an unorganised install solution?

why is there no standard on Linux/Ubuntu?

The reason is that it is part of a standard. It's called the "Filesystem Hierarchy Standard".

I suggest you to read that.

Your conclusion should be is that it is way more organized than you think it is and in my opinion a lot better than on Windows OS.


What desktop environments feature a searchable "Start" menu/launcher?

Sounds like Gnome Shell to me. Have a try: http://www.gnome.org/gnome-3/


You can use oletools to inspect them like olebrowse path/to/file. Install it with pip install oletools.
There are more binaries that comes with oletools other than olebrowse. More information is on the link.


The safety depends because sometimes this is not safe and the following should explain why.

Those packages are not purged during the upgrading process because sometimes the system won't boot when you install a new kernel. If the system does not boot after upgrading the kernel, you can select an older kernel that will boot from your grub screen. These old kernels are usually available until you explicitly uninstall or purge them or use apt autoremove.

Also, you can run sudo apt clean and also sudo apt autoclean to remove cached deb packages.

Additionally, sometimes you might have modules in use that are self compiled and so these modules are still available to the user until the older kernels are uninstalled by the user. It is not uncommon for users to compile wifi driver modules or even proprietary display drivers and these can be critical.

So, if you have rebooted using a newer kernel and all of the modules and software you need work fine then the older kernels are probably not needed. If this is the case then, it is most likely safe to uninstall these using the sudo apt purge linux-image.4.15.xx-nnnnnnnn command or sudo apt autoremove. However, it is nice sometimes to have an older kernel available just in case you mess things up later on.


Unable to get Ubuntu 12.04 to start on Acer 5000, it seems to install alright

It sounds as if  you are trying to dual boot, is that right?
Did you use WUBI to install Ubuntu?  You really need to.
You can download it from Ubuntu here and also read the
instructions on how to you it first.

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/windows-installer

Oh, and delete your old Ubuntu installation first!


If you have access to the source code, you can use tmpfile() function to create an "anomymous" temporary file - a file is created and immediately unlinked - the application is able to write to it but as soon as the file is closed the space occupied by the file is freed. This is a common way to create temporary files in Unix, as I understand.

SYNOPSIS
   #include <stdio.h>

   FILE *tmpfile(void);

DESCRIPTION
   The  tmpfile()  function  opens  a unique temporary file in binary read/write (w+b) mode.  The file will be
   automatically deleted when it is closed or the program terminates.

If you don't have access to the source code you may try to just delete everything from /tmp/myapp/$pid/ periodically - the process will still be able to write to the file even if it's unlinked from the directory, but again the disk space will be freed as soon as the last file handle is closed.
The above approaches would not work if any tempfiles are opened, closed and then opened again or if they're used by multiple processes.
Related question on stackoverflow: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9889277/how-to-create-temporary-files-on-linux-that-will-automatically-clean-up-after-th


why am i not getting my ubuntu 12.10 login screen back after uninstalling xubuntu 12.10?

You need to open a terminal and then copy / paste the following:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm unity-greeter

and select lightdm as your display manager if prompted.

Also run the following to remove the greeter you don't want:

sudo apt-get remove lightdm-gtk-greeter

Updated:
Now run

gksu gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

and make sure the file looks like this:

Please let me know if this works for you or not.


Is there a way to view notification history?

Take Recent Notifications.

In a terminal run:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jconti/recent-notifications
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-notifications

Alternatively you could download the package directly on the launchpad-site. For Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric on an i386-machine choose indicator-notifications_0.1.4-2~ppa~oneiric_i386.deb. (Don't install recent-notifications)

After installing run Alt+F2 unity --replace.

You will find a little mailbox in the panel:

It is possible to align the icon to your desktop theme, i. e. when you use Faenza:

mkdir ~/.icons/Faenza/status/scalable
cp /usr/share/icons/Faenza/status/scalable/user-available-symbolic.svg ~/.icons/Faenza/status/scalable/indicator-notification-unread.svg
cp /usr/share/icons/Faenza/status/scalable/user-away-symbolic.svg ~/.icons/Faenza/status/scalable/indicator-notification-read.svg

To stop it you need to unistall it:

sudo apt-get purge indicator-notifications

Then again run Alt+F2 unity --replace.

To remove the ppa run:

sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:jconti/recent-notifications


Glonass BN-808 Glonass BN-808 USB GPS Receiver Receiver in Ubuntu 18.04

The best way to ensure that it is detected is to check /var/log/syslog on its connection:

Disconnect GNSS receiver
Open terminal and run tail -f /var/log/syslog command
Connect GNSS receiver and wait for its initialization

For my u-blox7 GPS/GLONASS I have the following output:

  May 22 23:50:08 hostname kernel: [99544.380440] usb 3-2: new full-speed USB device number 12 using xhci_hcd
  May 22 23:50:08 hostname kernel: [99544.509111] usb 3-2: New USB device found, idVendor=1546, idProduct=01a7
  May 22 23:50:08 hostname kernel: [99544.509115] usb 3-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
  May 22 23:50:08 hostname kernel: [99544.509117] usb 3-2: Product: u-blox 7 - GPS/GNSS Receiver
  May 22 23:50:08 hostname kernel: [99544.509119] usb 3-2: Manufacturer: u-blox AG - www.u-blox.com
  May 22 23:50:08 hostname kernel: [99544.509363] usb 3-2: ep 0x83 - rounding interval to 1024 microframes, ep desc says 2040 microframes
  May 22 23:50:08 hostname mtp-probe: checking bus 3, device 12: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-2"
  May 22 23:50:08 hostname mtp-probe: bus: 3, device: 12 was not an MTP device
  May 22 23:50:08 hostname kernel: [99544.537420] cdc_acm 3-2:1.0: ttyACM0: USB ACM device
  May 22 23:50:08 hostname kernel: [99544.538041] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_acm
  May 22 23:50:08 hostname kernel: [99544.538044] cdc_acm: USB Abstract Control Model driver for USB modems and ISDN adapters

Note the bold lines above - we see that it is really u-blox 7 and that it is recognized as serial port - ttyACM0 (really /dev/ttyACM0).

To test the GNSS receiver you can use gpsmon (it will decode NMEA to time, latitude, longitude and other data):

Install gpsmon with sudo apt-get install gpsd-clients
Launch gpsmon for the found serial port with sudo gpsmon /dev/ttyACM0
Wait GNSS to find satellites and get NMEA data.

Note: to have access to serial ports as normal user, you need to add your user to the dialout group with sudo usermod -a -G dialout $USER.


Holding keys down on my laptop keyboard does not work, only single press works

Referring to this post, go to your Keyboard Preferences section, ensure the "Key presses repeat when key is held down" option is checked and adjust the delay and speed sliders which should trigger the functionality to come back.


How can I change/customize the icons in my notification area?

It really depends on the application. The Skype icon is unchangeable. There is an experimental version of Dropbox that you can change the icon on. You might be able to change the Firestarter icon, but you'd probably have to rebuild from source.


I cannot run windows-based games I download from a site called big fish games

It is possible to run some of the Big Fish games but it must be done via WINE(can be found in the Ubuntu Software Center) -WINE-64bit or Codeweavers Crossover Linux

The particular game that you are talking about would need to be checked with the application database on either site.

WINE is free but is mostly unsupported; only blog like answers by users and the WINE team(the last is limited as they are constantly working on WINE itself and not available to give personal support).  To run most windows programs you will need to install other supporting programs via winetricks(will be installed with WINE if installed via the Software Center)  programs like Play-on-Linux are supposed to make it easier to install the needed programs.

Quite frankly I gave up trying to get WINE to work, the instructions needed to get them running were very hard for me to follow as the answers were in the middle of blog like posts that are a back and forth discussion between all the participants, I lost the information I needed in all the back and forth.  This was just me, many people use WINE successfully so they must be able to follow it.

I found success with Crossover.  It is not a free program but includes email support and will install alot of the needed extra programs automatically, so you are getting more than the free version of WINE.  It is a annual subscription, $60 for the initial year and then it can be renewed for $30 a year.  You can try is for 2 weeks for free to see if you like it, but it will sotp working after the trial if you don't but it.  They often run specials so you can sometimes get it for cheaper than the $60 price but you would kind of have to get lucky, they don't run specials on any schedule that I know of.   Note you can get crossover via the Ubuntu Software CEnter but I would recommend that you download the .deb file directly form the Codeweavers' website, it is usually more up to date and updating is easier

The short answer here is that there is no easy & free way to play Windows game or run Windows programs on Ubuntu but it can be done easy(relatively) or free.  Even with WINE's free version or Codeweavers' value added version, not all programs or games will run on Linux and those that do may not run as well, though some run better.

As I said above you would need to check the application database to see if and how well you particular game will run at all and if so how well.  Both databases use a medal system to rate the programs. WINE rates their programs Platunium-Garbage.  Codeweavers uses Gold-Known not to work.  I will refer you to the respective website for the exact rating system as this answer has almost become a novel and it is much easier for you to reading it yourself then trying to understand my paraphrasing.

I hope this long and rambling answer was helpful. Sorry it was so long.


Try running this script. This will enable your touchpad if it was disabled by any chance

gconftool-2 --set --type boolean /desktop/gnome/peripherals/touchpad/touchpad_enabled true

If it doesn't help out , try turning on individual settings :

sudo trackpad show
sudo trackpad tap
sudo trackpad drag

Hope this helps.


How do I solve a "An error occured while mounting /sys/bus/usb/drivers." error?

Problem solved here

sudo gedit /etc/fstab
Find the following line
none /sys/bus/usb/drivers usbfs devgid=126,devmode=664 0 0
Add a # in front of them to comment it out
Save & Exit.


how to upgrade ubuntu 10.04 LTS to ubuntu 13.04 without internet?

I THINK the only way to do it would be to get someone with Internet to follow these instructions for 13.04 and then you will have to put it into your PC, reboot to the bootloader (you might need to press ESC or F5 or something while booting to get to the Startup Menu in your PC) and then select USB. You can then select the option 'Upgrade to 13.04' to keep your files.

You might want to back-up your data maybe by simply copying the files in your Home Folder to an external hard-drive and then copying them back if you need to.


Cant install anything - The following packages have unmet dependencies

Believe it or not this is what solved the problem:

apt-get install linux-image-3.13.0-106-generic

I should mention that I also had to extend the /boot partition as it didnt allow me to install anything without it.


You have newer UEFI capable hardware, but installed in CSM/BIOS boot mode. CSM - UEFI Compatibility Support Module (CSM), which emulates a BIOS mode

You then always need to boot in CSM mode, not UEFI nor UEFI with secure boot on. Only in CSM/BIOS mode. It looks like you booted Boot-Repair in UEFI mode & it tried to repair for UEFI boot,  but without efi partition it cannot fully fix it. You should just be able to boot in BIOS mode?

Hold shift key to get grub menu as with one install it will not show menu normally.

What brand/model system and what video card/chip? If you get grub menu you may need video boot parameters.

My computer boots to a black screen, what options do I have to fix it?

Or you can reinstall in UEFI mode, you could convert existing swap to efi partition, FAT32 with boot flag to be the ESP - Efi System Partition and add swap at end of drive. You have to be sure to boot installer in UEFI boot mode to install in UEFI mode.

Shows install with screen shots. Both BIOS purple accessibility screen & UEFI black grub menu screen

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

Also shows Windows 8 screens, which you do not need, just skip that part.

Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI


Installing Nvidia drivers on Ubuntu 12.04

Since you mentioned 630M, in which case I assume you are on the laptop, then you have a Nvidia Optimus technology. In this case, never try install nvidia drivers as a standalone app/driver because it just won't work.

You need a tool which will work a switch between 2 graphics card, in this case, Bumblebee
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Bumblebee

To install it, first remove all occurrences of Nvidia driver

sudo apt-get purge nvidia

*BE CAREFUL!!!! * This command may remove ubuntu-desktop if you have dependencies problems. Read careful what you delete.

After that, make sure you updated your system fully, for that run

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Many users failed to update in advance which resulted in a corrupted bumblebee installation.

When everything is ready, just for a good measure, reboot the laptop.

Now to the installation part.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-325 nvidia-settings-325
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

In short, what these commands do

Add bumblebee and nvidia drivers repositories
Update the repository info
Install latest current driver 325 for nvidia
Install Bumblebee
Remove xorg edgers repository as it contains other experimental
libraries and drivers which are not required for new users.
Update for a good measure :)

After that reboot and you have a graphics switcher.

To use the Nvidia card open the terminal and type

 optirun app_name

Hope this helps :)


Change spell check language in WPS Office

updated for version 10.1

The extracted directory from downloaded archive (e.g. en_US, fr_FR, etc) can be put in /opt/kingsoft/wps-office/office6/dicts (all users) but also in ~/.kingsoft/office6/dicts (for each user).

Some dictionaries come with improper names. In each language-folder (e.g. fr_FR) the files have to be renamed so the package of each language has (at least) three files with the following names:

dict.conf
main.aff
main.dic

Review --> Spell Check --> Set Language --> Set Default

UPDATE: Ubuntu 18.04 with WPS 10.1, name and location of the dictionaries was not the decisive factor in my case: the new dictionaries would not appear in the list (under Review --> Spell Check --> Set Language --> Set Default) unless they were first added under Review --> Spell Check  --> Spell Check --> Custom dictionaries --> Add.

And there added from any location without changing their names - only then resulting in them being listed as indicated initially under Review --> Spell Check --> Set Language --> Set Default.


What is wrong with my Bash script for automatic installation of devstack?

Terminate the case conditions 1) and 2) with two semicolon characters ( ;; ). When a match is found all of the associated statements until the double semicolon are executed.

#!/bin/bash
clear
echo "================="
echo "test"
echo  "================="
echo "1. test"
echo "2. exit menu"
echo -e "Maak een selectie en druk daarna op <Enter>"
read answer
case "$answer" in
1) ./installatiedev.sh
   ;;
2) exit
   ;;
esac


Bluetooth and Wifi not working simultaneously in Ubuntu 20.04

What I am suggesting needs to be done every time you try  to connect the Bluetooth device so it's a bit annoying. I use Bluetooth headphones so I have to do the following steps:

Connect the Bluetooth device (Wi-Fi won't work now).

Run this command:
sudo service network-manager restart && sudo service bluetooth restart

If Wi-Fi and Bluetooth still don't work simultaneously, do the following steps:

Turn off Wi-Fi.

Turn off Bluetooth.

List item.

Run the command:
sudo service network-manager restart && sudo service bluetooth restart

Turn on Wi-Fi.

Turn on Bluetooth.

The above steps work for me. Do post a better solution if you find one.


/usr dir with all permissions denied even from root

This shows all the different file permissions in /usr, that you'd have to change back:

walt@bat:~(0)$ sudo find /usr -xdev -print0 | xargs -0 -r -n 1000 sudo stat --format="%A" | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
 440550 -rw-r--r--
  86783 lrwxrwxrwx
  51877 drwxr-xr-x
  16293 -r--r--r--
   8060 -rwxr-xr-x
   1174 drwxrwxr-x
    461 -rw-rw-r--
    363 -r-xr-xr-x
     28 -rwxrwxr-x
     22 drwxrwsr-x
     17 -rwxr-sr-x
     16 -rwsr-xr-x
      6 -rwxr--r--
      4 -rwsr-sr-x
      2 -r-xr-sr-x
      2 -r-xr--r--
      2 -rwsr-xr--
      1 -rwxr-xr--
      1 -rwx------
      1 drwxrwsr-t

This shows all the permissions AND ownerships in /usr that you would have to change back:

walt@bat:~(0)$ sudo find /usr -xdev -print0 | xargs -0 -r -n 1000 sudo stat --format="%A %U:%G" | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
[sudo] password for walt:
 440517 -rw-r--r-- root:root
  86783 lrwxrwxrwx root:root
  51870 drwxr-xr-x root:root
  16293 -r--r--r-- root:root
   8058 -rwxr-xr-x root:root
   1174 drwxrwxr-x root:root
    461 -rw-rw-r-- root:root
    363 -r-xr-xr-x root:root
     33 -rw-r--r-- walt:walt
     28 -rwxrwxr-x root:root
     22 drwxrwsr-x root:staff
     16 -rwsr-xr-x root:root
      6 -rwxr-sr-x root:mail
      6 -rwxr--r-- root:root
      6 drwxr-xr-x walt:walt
      3 -rwxr-sr-x root:tty
      2 -r-xr-sr-x root:postdrop
      2 -r-xr--r-- root:root
      2 -rwxr-xr-x walt:walt
      2 -rwxr-sr-x root:utmp
      2 -rwxr-sr-x root:shadow
      2 -rwsr-sr-x root:root
      1 -rwxr-xr-- root:wireshark
      1 -rwxr-sr-x root:ssh
      1 -rwxr-sr-x root:mlocate
      1 -rwxr-sr-x root:games
      1 -rwxr-sr-x root:crontab
      1 -rwx------ root:root
      1 -rwsr-xr-- root:messagebus
      1 -rwsr-xr-- root:dip
      1 -rwsr-sr-x root:mail
      1 -rwsr-sr-x daemon:daemon
      1 drwxr-xr-x walt:root
      1 drwxrwsr-t root:lpadmin

You have stirred your system with a root stick. It's broken. Reinstall, and don't do that.


How to run Cyberfox 44.0, or is Software Updater broke?

CyberFox seems to have gone unsupported, so I let it and its bugs go and moved to Chrome, with an occasional visit to FireFox when it misbehaves.  Opera is nice, too.


How to force remove phpmyadmin with `sudo`?

I assume your MySQL server is running. Check the password for your MySQL user root and the access rights for this user in the mysql.user table. Do this in a terminal with the mysql command.

If that's not possible, run

sudo apt-get purge phpmyadmin*

again and answer the question

   ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ Configuring phpmyadmin ├────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
   │                                                                                │
   │ Since you are removing phpmyadmin, it's possible that you no longer want the underlying database.                                │
   │                                                                                │
   │ If you like, database removal can be handled with dbconfig-common.                                                               │
   │                                                                                │
   │ If you know that you do want to keep this database, or if you want to handle the removal of this database manually, you should   │
   │ refuse this option.                                                                                │
   │                                                                                │
   │ Deconfigure database for phpmyadmin with dbconfig-common?                                                                        │
   │                                                                                │
   │                                       <Yes>                                          <No>                                        │
   │                                                                                │
   └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

with No.


Use Michael Rutter's PPA

Rutter's PPA currently has R 3.4.0. To install the PPA open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:marutter/rrutter

Followed by:

sudo apt update
sudo apt full-upgrade

This will upgrade your R installation.

Hope this helps


Okay so if you use iptables from the command line you they don't get restored on reload or reboot.

You can ever set your firewall rules with ufw instructions here or if you really need to use iptables you need to save your rules to file and have them restored back before your network comes up, you should also disable ufw as bodhi.zazen suggested so:

sudo ufw disable # You don't want UFW managaing your firewall if you are.
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --match multiport --dports 1:79 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --match multiport --dports 81:65535 -j ACCEPT
sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules"

Assuming you have setup your network interfaces by using /etc/network/interfaces

Find your stub for your interface and add the following to the stanza:

pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules

e.g.

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules
# post-down iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.downrules # if needed

More detailed instructions and variations here


If an application doesn't require root to install, then the application is in fact "safer" (I quoted safer because, in general, an application can still be harmful if you don't know what it does whether you used sudo or not. e.g. Maybe it will sniff around your home directory and start uploading some confidential data, and you wouldn't need root access for that).

What you quoted means that you can unpack the game anywhere you want and start using it directly. Since your home directory is yours, then unpacking in your home directory does not require sudo.

Since you installed the game without sudo, then that just means the game doesn't need access to any of the system directories (i.e. safer).


Installing Kubuntu on a dual boot computer

Maybe you can boot Windows 7 and use it's internal tools to create a new partition and then use Wubi (If you are not UEFI) to Install Kubuntu from Win7.
It is best to use Gparted live CD to shrink and extend partitions from multiple OSes.
I am not sure, but I think you are right.


Need to downgrade opencl files, desktop keeps crashing

This question was solved i dont remember how exactly but this problem is no more.


users list - show users that created in system

You can use awk:

awk -F: '$3 >= 1000 && $3 <=59999 {print $1}' /etc/passwd

It only lists users with the user ID greater than 1000 and less than 59999, which is what you are looking for. these numbers are first to last inclusive range of UIDs which will be assigned dynamically to user accounts/groups.

To see where the 1000 and 59999 comes from, look at /etc/adduser.conf:

grep -e '^FIRST_UID' -e '^LAST_UID' /etc/adduser.conf


I found this, it is a bit outdated, but it should still help you:
How to remove icons/shortcuts from Unity menu?


Ubuntu 16.04 - how can I disable Secure Boot?

There are several ways to boot into the firmware setup utility, some of which you seem to be aware of:

Using a keypress at power-on time -- Unfortunately, there's next to no standardization as to what keypress will enter the setup tool. It's usually Esc, Enter, or a function key (but which one varies wildly -- it's often F2, F8, or F10, but can be something else). Setting the firmware's "fast start" feature sometimes disables this method of entry to the setup tool because that leaves USB ports uninitialized. If the computer has a PS/2 port, you may be able to work around this limitation by using a PS/2 keyboard.
Using systemctl -- The command you presented earlier, sudo systemctl reboot --firmware-setup, works on some computers; but it clearly isn't working for you. Windows 8 and later offers a similar feature, so if you can boot into Windows, you could try it, on the off chance that it would work better.
Using a boot manager's reboot-to-setup feature -- Some boot managers offer a feature to reboot into the setup utility. GRUB does (although it may not be active by default), as does my rEFInd boot manager (it's active by default but can be disabled; and it will not appear if the computer lacks the necessary support), as well as gummiboot/systemd-boot (I don't recall if it's active by default). I'm not positive, but I suspect that this feature would work on precisely those computers on which the preceding method would work, so I wouldn't hold out much hope of it working for you.
Remove all other boot options -- If an EFI-based computer can't find any other boot loader, it will normally launch its setup utility. The best way to take advantage of this is usually to unplug all your hard disks (and your network cables, if your network supports network booting). Alternatively, you could delete your EFI System Partition (ESP) or delete or move all the boot loader files on it so that the firmware can't find them. The trouble with this method is that restoring the system to its original state might not render it bootable again, since many EFIs delete their NVRAM-based references to boot options that become invalid. Thus, you might need to use Boot Repair, efibootmgr, or some other tool to re-install GRUB or re-create its NVRAM entry once you're done.

BTW, chances are it's not Secure Boot per se that's preventing you from entering your firmware setup utility. (Although it could be that Dell linked Secure Boot to making it harder to enter the firmware, this type of linkage is not required of Secure Boot, and I've never encountered it myself.) It's more likely that it's the firmware's "fast start" feature leaving the USB ports uninitialized that's at the root of the problem. Another likely possibility is that you're trying the wrong key or that you're hitting it outside of the (often very narrow) window in which it will work. Ask on a Dell forum or check your documentation to learn what key to press, and try it several times, hitting it repeatedly as the computer starts up.


ubuntu recognize huawei E8231 usb-wifi but the internet not working

connection established. you are now connected to 'wired connection 2'

The above means the device was correctly identified and is working as expected via an emulated Ethernet connection.

Knowing that it is also connected to the mobile network as evidenced by other devices using its own WiFi AP as well as the modem's web interface showing a functional internet connection, then it must be a DNS problem. In order to correct this please edit /etc/resolv.conf  and add nameserver 8.8.8.8.


You are mixing up virtual and real file systems here.

udev is a virtual file system type which is not backed by any disk storage but exists purely in memory, just like e.g. tmpfs, cgmfs or none.

The only real file systems stored on your hard disks or removable storage are those listed as /dev/sd??, /dev/hd??, /dev/mmcblk??, /dev/xdv?? or anything similar.

The size reported by df for real file systems equals the real size of their containing partitions on the disk, with used/available space being what you expect.

For virtual file systems, the reported size is how big they may grow at most in memory. In case of e.g. a tmpfs, this defaults to half of your available RAM unless specified otherwise when mounted. This does not mean that this amount of RAM is reserved and unavailable for the rest of the system though. They only always take as much RAM as they need, which is shown as used space, not more. The available space is just how much it would be allowed to grow, but normally all those virtual file systems used by the systems never grow large.

That said, I hope you understand why you can not allocate any of the space theoretically available to some of Ubuntu's virtual file systems to your real physical partitions on your hard disks.


How can I access my Hikvision IP-cam over VLC?

You must "known" kamera ip address. Try with arp-scan

$ sudo apt-get install arp-scan

Quick example

$ sudo arp-scan --interface=eth0 --localnet
Interface: eth0, datalink type: EN10MB (Ethernet)
Starting arp-scan 1.8.1 with 256 hosts (http://www.nta-monitor.com/tools/arp-scan/)
192.168.1.1     00:21:2c:82:08:87       SemIndia System Private Limited
192.168.1.2     6c:f0:49:69:c1:25       GIGA-BYTE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.

Replace eth0 with your interface.

When you scan your local network you will see all host on lan. Some of host is your
camera.

Now when you know camera ip you can connect them to vlc player or simple try from browser.

Edit 1

Based on your answer, camera is on 192.0.0.64.
Solution is to add virtual network interface that will be in the same network with camera.

Exsample:

Output before adding a virtual interface

xxxx@xxx ~/xxx $ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:22:64:4e:6f:70
          inet addr:xxx.xxx.47.5  Bcast:xxx.xxx.47.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::222:64ff:fe4e:6f70/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:8688174 errors:56 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:35
          TX packets:4093505 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:9559910554 (9.5 GB)  TX bytes:625071156 (625.0 MB)
          Interrupt:22 Memory:e4600000-e4620000

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:265240 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:265240 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:25016825 (25.0 MB)  TX bytes:25016825 (25.0 MB)

Output from route

xxx@xxx ~/xxx $ route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         xxx.xxx.47.254  0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
xxx.xxx.47.0    *               255.255.255.0   U     1      0        0 eth0

Because I don't have interface in 192.0.0.xxx range I can not access camera on default ip address.

I add virtual intefrace

sudo ifconfig eth0:1 192.0.0.66 netmask 255.255.255.0

Output after adding

xxx@xxx ~/xxx $ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:22:64:4e:6f:70
          inet addr:xxx.xxx.47.5  Bcast:xxx.xxx.47.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::222:64ff:fe4e:6f70/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:8690659 errors:56 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:35
          TX packets:4095226 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:9561584734 (9.5 GB)  TX bytes:625397315 (625.3 MB)
          Interrupt:22 Memory:e4600000-e4620000

eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:22:64:4e:6f:70
          inet addr:192.0.0.66  Bcast:192.0.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:22 Memory:e4600000-e4620000

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:265413 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:265413 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:25030884 (25.0 MB)  TX bytes:25030884 (25.0 MB)

xxx@xxx ~/xxx $ route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         xxx.xxx.47.254  0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
192.0.0.0       *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
xxx.xxx.47.0    *               255.255.255.0   U     1      0        0 eth0

Well, now we can access the camera on 192.0.0.64 because is in the same network range with our virtual interface.

Probably, now you can access you ip camera using browser.
When you log on camera change ip address to ip address from 192.168.24.xxx / 24 range.

To kill virtual interface simple do

sudo ifconfig eth0:1 down

After that you will be able to access you camera using VLC

In VLC go to the Media->Open Network Stream menu and add url
rtsp://IPADDRESS:554/


Getting a new harddrive, and want to use Ubuntu. Will it work on my emachine?

Converted from a comment as per David Foerster's request and multiple upvotes.

What I'm gathering from your question is that you need to put a new hard drive in your computer and want to simply install Ubuntu.

As far as I know, you should be able to install Ubuntu just fine, so long as you get the right version for your CPU.

You can't install 64 bit Ubuntu on a machine with a 32 bit CPU, but you can run 32 bit Ubuntu on a 64 bit CPU (although you'll get better performance if you run the 64 bit version.)

For further explanation and alternatives refer to How do I find out which version and derivative of Ubuntu is right for my hardware in terms of minimal system requirements?.


How do you import bookmarks into Touch browser?

They are probably stored in /home/phablet/.local/share/webbrowser-app/bookmarks.sqlite


Modifying the behavior of Tab (possibly) using Compiz

Whilst 11.04 doesnt have this capability, you be glad to know that there is a useful new option in 11.10 (oneiric).

In CCSM there is an option to bias the windows on the current workspace/viewport.  What this means is that all the windows in the viewport appear in ALT+Tab switcher before other windows in other workspaces

how to change

In CCSM use the option highlighted: