Ubuntu Live usb with persistence mode, how to install nvidia driver?

The Process: use at your own risk

Open a terminal and type

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

Select the nvidia driver from the X server driver list and follow the on-screen steps to complete the configuration

Once finished with the configuration, hold down Ctrl+Alt+Backspace to restart X server. You should be presented with a nice NVIDIA splash screen signaling that the driver is installed and working

You can test this in the terminal by typing glxinfo | grep direct (the output should be direct rendering: yes)

You can also type glxgears to watch your card at work

source


Can't do a release upgrade from 14.04: It was not possible to authenticate some packages

run this command

sudo sh -c 'printf "[Distro]\nAllowUnauthenticated=yes" > /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades.d/unauth.cfg'

this will fix your issue

and after the upgrade run sudo rm /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades.d/unauth.cfg


Dual boot on separate hard drives - Windows 7 MBR and Ubuntu GPT

I have XP on one MBR drive and have had Ubuntu on gpt drives since 10.10, but not on a large drive like yours. There were (are?) issues with very large / (root) partitions. So my suggestion is to keep Ubuntu / to 25GB and then have separate /home and your NTFS shared data partition. Also better to have / near the beginning of drive, some BIOS have issues with / beyond 100GB on drive, but seems to be more an issue with external USB hard drives, BIOS and grub (not sure which).

I would probably keep the Windows boot loader on the Windows drive and grub2 on the Ubuntu drive. But you also could install grub to both.

You do have to use Something Else or manual install to get the option on where to install the grub2 boot loader. All default installs just install to sda (assumes BIOS set to boot sda). Then change BIOS to boot from drive you installed grub into.

If drive may ever be used with a UEFI system in near future I might reserve 300MB space at beginning of drive for an efi partition. Per UEFI spec it is supposed to be first, but Windows often makes it second or third but still near beginning of drive. Adding that when drive is full might be an issue.

For grub to install correctly to gpt drive booting in BIOS mode, you will have to have a tiny 1 or 2 MB unformatted partition with the bios_grub boot flag. That can be anywhere on the drive.


Delete user shows error code (Ubuntu 17.10 )

The process with PID 14804 is running as user username. This process has to terminate before you can remove the user. You can use

ps -o pid,args -p 14804

to see what this process is and

sudo kill -9 14804

to kill it if you are sure you don't need it any more and there's no better way to terminate it.

The "Warning" says that there's a group named username of which user username is the only member. You probably want to remove it, too:

sudo delgroup username


How to install Ubuntu 16.10 without any gui?

You can install Ubuntu Server. Ubuntu Server 16.10

Just download the ISO file and make a installation USB disk with UltraISO or other tools, and install it on your computer offline.


Yes, disabling journaling should reduce the amount of writes to the memory device.

The command mke2fs -t ext4 -O ^has_journal /dev/mmcblk0pX will format with journaling disabled.

See https://superuser.com/questions/799233/why-i-cannot-format-a-microsd-to-ext4?answertab=votes#tab-top


How to install educational software meta-packages on Ubuntu 20.04?

You still can get Educational packages on any release of Ubuntu. They are named:

Package astro-education

Educational astronomy applications

Package ezgo-education

Debian EzGo Education

Package games-education

Debian's educational games

Package junior-education

Debian Jr. education applications

Package kdeedu

educational applications from the official KDE release

If you want to get some new taste of Ubuntu in education, then check Linux L-i-f-e (Linux for Education based on Ubuntu MATE).


Crash of Starcraft 2 while downloading it from PlayOnLinux

Nevermind, I've managed to run it on Ubuntu, but I'm having crashing problems and I think because I have the 32 bit version but I don't know..


Just built a computer; trying to install Ubuntu from a flash drive

While installing Ubuntu from a USB is much faster than from CD/DVD, you also need the OS installer to work correctly with the absence (or presence) of the optical drive (CD/DVD) during install.  The installer can sometimes still thinks it is really on a CD drive, and gets confused.

I would suggest simply burning the .ISO image to a CD, and trying this instead.

(OR, get a friend to create a genuine (Ubuntu-native) 'USB installer' on their copy of Ubuntu.)


postfix, send to gmail, yahoo, not working

You will get better help if you don't obfuscate your data.  Google and Yahoo don't readily accept email from servers that don't follow standards and best practices.  I would suggest adding DKIM and DMARC to your settings.

Your DNS entries don't look right.  Try querying ns73.domaincontrol.com for your DNS records.  I've  listed what may be the correct data for bind.

@   a    xx.xx.xx.xx
    txt  "v=spf1 mx a -all"
    ns   ns73.domaincontrol.com.
    ns   ns75.domaincontrol.com.

www a    xx.xx.xx.xx
    txt  "v=spf1 mx a -all"

mail a   xx.xx.xx.xx
     txt  "v=spf1 a -all"

See Fighting Spam - What can I do as an: Email Administrator, Domain Owner, or User? for some more data.  I've posted several block entries on email starting with Running a Mail Server.


That is a really old version of apt. I think the last security update for apt was on october of 2014 and should at least have a different build id.

In any case, run the following commands:

cd
wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/apt_1.0.1ubuntu2.5_amd64.deb
sudo rm /usr/bin/apt-get
sudo dpkg -i apt_1.0.1ubuntu2.5_i386.deb

please post any errors

EDIT

Okay, since it didn't want to install at first, we can at least copy the new apt-get files to where they need to go to get things started. Run the following commands:

cd
mkdir aptget
cp apt_1.0.1ubuntu2.5_i386.deb aptget
cd aptget
ar xvf *
tar xvf data*
sudo mv ./usr/bin/apt-get /usr/bin
sudo mv ./usr/bin/apt /usr/bin

Now, run apt-get:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get -f install


I put this question in the issues from the Github repository of the project, they are trying to work in a enhancement to be able to create snapshot or backups from the virtual machines created. There is a open issue who talks about this theme here if you want to know which is the status of the improvement of the application.

Multipass Github


How can I open port 22 for Sparkleshare?

First check about availability of that port

sudo netstat -ntlup

the above command will list all the active listening ports.If the port number which you want is not active then you can open it.

lsof -i :8888

The above command will list the program If any application using that port 8888.If no process using that port then you can use that port . If any process using that port then you have to kill the process then only the port can be used.

to kill a process you can use command like

kill <pid>

hope that helps.


Sometimes when a network connection interrupts apt-get update (or the automatic daily package list refresh), the signature file will not get written, resulting in apt yelling about the lack of authentication. In most situations (assuming no improperly configured transparent caching system is between you and the Internet), a simple sudo apt-get update will resolve the problem.


Kernel not upgraded during upgrade to 15.10

It seems that your kernel 4.2 is correctly installed (as the ii left of the package's name indicates). Maybe you only need to update your grub configuration to take that new kernel into account ?

Did you try the sudo update-grub command, followed by a reboot ?


No wireless access from Ubuntu, but do get wireles access with XP on the same machine

Try this link, they may have the solution

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1739425&page=2


Where to create the desktop configuration file of an app so that it can be locked to launcher?

If this application is for just one user that you are using you should create the .desktop in the .local/share/applications

But if you need to make the application global so that all other users in your system can use it so you should create it in the /usr/share/applications


You can use DiffPDF for this. From the description:

  DiffPDF is used to compare two PDF
  files.  By default the comparison is
  of the text on each pair of pages, but
  comparing the appearance of pages is
  also supported (for example, if  a
  diagram is changed or a paragraph
  reformatted). It is also possible  to
  c> ompare particular pages or page
  ranges. For example, if there are  two
  versions of a PDF file, one with pages
  1-12 and the other with  pages 1-13
  because of an extra page having been
  added as page 4, they  can be compared
  by specifying two page ranges, 1-12
  for the first and 1-3,  5-13 for the
  second. This will make DiffPDF compare
  pages in the pairs  (1, 1), (2, 2),
  (3, 3), (4, 5), (5, 6), and so on, to
  (12, 13).


Bash Scripting for opening ssh, python shell and python commands

You can try to put the all command into quotes:

#!/bin/bash
xterm -hold -e ssh server "python /srv/django/manage.py shell execfile ./myscript.py"

it should solve your problem.


When there is a will, there is a way. This is how I would do it. I'm not saying this is the best way, but it is one way...

Install virtualbox. This is a free, open-source program that allows to run Virtual Machines. You can run just about any operating system you'd like using Virtualbox, but for the sake of example, let's install Android.

First, install Virtualbox:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install virtualbox

Next, for simplicities sake, let's grab a pre-installed ova image of the Android O.S. I'm choosing Android because it is also free and open source, and you don't need to break any laws to do this.

Download the image from here:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/android-x86/files/Release%204.4/android-x86-4.4-RC1.iso/download

Next, open Virtualbox and configure it. Follow the instructions from this site, there may be better tutorials out there, but this is first one Google threw at me;

http://www.learn2crack.com/2014/02/install-android-4-4-kitkat-pc-using-virtual-box.html

It should be relatively painless. After that's done, install Uber in your new Android V.M. from the play store. I'd like to note that I have had different experiences doing this, for instance sometimes Google will randomly cancel my accounts, if they were created in a V.M. Your milage may vary. If you can't get the Play Store to work, install the VirtualBox Guest Extentions package (you should anyway), and import the APK file through a shared host-to-guest folder.

An alternative to the procedure above would be to use WINE, a program that allows you to run Windows software natively within Linux which is a wrapper for Windows software, which allows it to run (sort of natively) in Linux. (Thanks, Michael). I'm not sure if this would work for this particular app, I don't use WINE personally, because Windows is akin to a submarine with a screen door, but whatever floats your boat, I suppose. (I run windows software in a virtual machine for security reasons, to keep it confined from the rest of my system).

Edit: I just noticed you have a high reputation, so you may already know all about WINE and V.B. I also would like a simple solution for running android apps in Ubuntu. I'd think it would be possible to run a java applet without running an entire other O.S. on another linux system. I hope this answer helps someone.


From what I am reading there are issues with this card and the newer ath9k driver the kernel is using.

Suggestions that have been made are:

This one is the one I have seen the most and the one people claim worked the most. I do not have your card so I can not test.
create

  /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf

then add the following line:

  options ath9k nohwcrypt=1

another suggestion is:

  echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/ieee80211/phy0/ath9k/disable_ani


Why does this fdisk delete/new operation start at a different sector?

Actually, in a round about way, it didn't wipe the data. That still leaves the question why it chose different sectors. The question is now academic.

Inevitably, the extended partition that contained partition 5 (partition 2) had to be resized as well. It's not necessary to resize partition 5 first. Because to resize partition 2 you have to delete it, and then create a new extended partition of the desired size. That of course deletes partition 5. So you then create a new partition 5 of the desired size. And it gives some odd reports about what sectors it's using, but the end result is the sector starts remain the same as they were.


Replace Thunar with Nautilus in Xubuntu session configuration:

sudo nano /etc/xdg/xdg-xubuntu/xfce4/xfconf/xfce-perchannel-xml/xfce4-session.xml

From:

  <property name="Client3_Command" type="array">
    <value type="string" value="Thunar"/>
    <value type="string" value="--daemon"/>
  </property>

To:

  <property name="Client3_Command" type="array">
    <value type="string" value="nautilus"/>
    <value type="string" value="--no-default-window"/>
  </property>


Unable to install OpenJDK 9 on 32-bit Lubuntu or 64-bit Ubuntu machines

JDK 9 is not supported anymore. You should use JDK 10 (or any newer version available) More details on the Wikipedia page of the Java Version history.

To do this, install the default-jdk package.


update-alternatives: error: no alternatives for

Sun-6-java is being phased out by Oracle and is no longer supported. This is why there are no plugins available for your browser anymore.

OpenJDK is the only stack you should be using as sun-java-6 is outdated and deprecated.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenJDK

If you would like to use Proprietary Closed Source features in Java you will need to install the version from java.com (which is also OpenJDK so don't really see any benefit over the Ubuntu Repository version).

OpenJDK is backwards compatible with the old Sun-6-java. What can you not run with OpenJDK?

Oracle Offers Links to Java 7, you have to go out of your way to get Java 6.

The previous edit to my post by "broiyan" is depricated.


Why do I get an error when using apt-get?

try using sudo apt-get install -f to resolve unmet dependencies


ubuntu 16.10 uninstalling softwares in ubuntu

Some applications create .desktop files in ~/.local/share/applications. Have you checked there?

Also, using the Software Center to delete applications leaves system-wide config files behind. If you want to get rid of those as well, you may want to use:

sudo apt-get purge package_name


How to install guest addition in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS?

Is your host or guest Ubuntu 20.04 LTS? That is not clear from your question.
You might want to follow the documentation on Virtualbox here. Assuming that your guest is Ubuntu 20.04 LTS:

Make sure that your guest is prepared for building external kernel modules. Refer to this section of documentation.
Insert the VirtualBox guest additions CD into your Linux guest.
Run the shell script on the virtual CD by sh ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run


Which Ubuntu distribution should I use for my old desktop?

I would say use Lubuntu. It will perform better on your system specs.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Lubuntu

http://lubuntu.net/


Where do I confirm my kernel version is safe against intel meltdown

There is an open source bash script which checks vulnerabilities of your kernel and tells if it is patched.

 wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/speed47/spectre-meltdown-checker/master/spectre-meltdown-checker.sh

 sudo chmod +x spectre-meltdown-checker.sh

and run it with root privileges

 sudo sh spectre-meltdown-checker.sh

For more info : https://github.com/speed47/spectre-meltdown-checker


Single click to open folders not working in Ubuntu 18.04

Click the files icon located at the left side of screen. At the top of the screen there will be files activity.  Click that, then go to Preferences and on the behaviour tab you will find your single click option. Tick that and enjoy.


Here is an easy way to do it, but you are limited to what shortcuts you can use. Open "System Settings" -> "Keyboard". Click "Layout Settings", near the bottom. Click the + button to add any languages you need. Then click "Options..." There you can set the key combos you need, by selecting "Key(s) to change layout". If you want, you can also choose to use a keyboard LED to show when you are using your alternative layout (such as scroll lock) under "Use keyboard LED to show alternative layout".

Here is the slightly more involved way, but will give you more flexibility for the key combination. First, copy and paste this script I wrote and name it something like kb_toggle.sh. Make sure to edit LANG1 and LANG2 to be the keyboard layout codes you need.

#!/bin/bash

LANG1="us"
LANG2="de"
CURRENT_LANG=$(setxkbmap -query | tail -n 1 | cut -f6 -d ' ')
if [ "$CURRENT_LANG" = $LANG1 ]; then
    setxkbmap $LANG2
else
    setxkbmap $LANG1
fi

make the file by right-clicking on it -> "Properties" -> "Permissions" tab, then select "Allow executing file as program.

Now, open "System Settings" -> "Keyboard" -> "Shortcuts" tab and select "Custom Shortcuts". Click the + button on the bottom and name the shortcut "Keyboard Toggle" or whatever you want, really. Then give the full path to the script you made earlier in the command box. Hit Apply. Click where it says "Disabled" then you can set the shortcut to whatever you want by clicking your key combination!

One more thing. I don't think it will let you set it to a single key, like "", you may have to do SHIFT+ or something like that.


Trying on a stick before I install; can't find wireless

I had to find out what the wireless controller was by using lspci -v

This gave me the information to google, and I finally came up with this answer

  Do you still have the install USB or DVD? Insert it and drill down to pool > restricted > b > bcmwl and drag bcmwl-kernel-source to your desktop. Do the same with pool > main > d >dkms and drag dkms to you desktop. Then install:

cd ~/Desktop
sudo dpkg -i dkms*.deb
sudo dpkg -i bcmwl*.deb

  Reboot and tell us if your wireless is working.


Grub.cfg doesn't show any of my boot options

To edit the GRUB Configuration File :

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

However I recommend to just fix grub if you can see the menu but don't see the boot options.

Use the following command in the terminal :

# update-grub


How to automatically flush cron on VPS running Ubuntu?

Restarting cron (systemctl restart cron.service) won't help: the hanging (or otherwise still running) processes will be re-parented and keep running (or keep hanging, for that matter). You need to stop the queueing process itself.

One simple way would be to start your job via the timeout command. Let's say you run a program called magento_que every 5 minutes and want to run it at most 3 minutes and 30 seconds:

*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/timeout 3.5m /path/to/magento_que

After 3.5 minutes the magento_que will be sent a SIGTERM (similar to CTRL-C). If it doesn't respond to that you can define another signal or combine with --kill-after=DURATION:

*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/timeout --kill-after=10s 3.5m /path/to/magento_que

Now magento_que will be sent a SIGTERM after 3.5 minutes and if it refuses to stop then a SIGKILL will be sent 10 seconds later (which it cannot intercept).

However, this is just a workaround and I should say I'd prefer to find the real reason why the program hangs.


Are libc versions tied to kernel versions?

They are tied to each other, in a way.

The kernel you're running on was compiled with a specific libc.
The libc you have was compiled to only support kernels above a specific version.

So if you are installing the kernel packages and libc packages from the Ubuntu repos, as opposed to compiling them yourself, you're stuck with the above dilemma.

As far as libc goes, one way to do what you propose is to compile the 12.04 kernel from source on 8.04, thus linking it against the 8.04 libc. Then you use that custom kernel to boot 12.04, upon which you compile the libc version that's on 8.04, also from source. You install that, and your applications should share the same old 8.04 libc.

I assume you are also aware that any other 12.04 libraries your application is linked against may not be available in 8.04, so you will have to compile them from source too...

To sum up, it's best to just compile on 8.04.


get back recent locations option in nautilus save as dialog

Did you try pressing Alt+r? That brings recent in my Ubuntu-Mate 17.04.


Driver Installation for WiFi adapter "Feb Smart Wireless Dual Band N600"

Go to
/etc/modprobe.d
Look for a file named something like
blacklist-ath_pci.conf
do
sudo gvim blacklist-ath-pci.conf
look for something like
 blacklist Ath9k
If the above is present, comment out that line, save the file, reboot and the driver should be active.


Failed install of ubuntu 16.04 & 15.10 with error message "following file did not match its source copy..."

Thank you for your assistance. It was a faulty RAM problem. I had installed a 4GB RAM chip to upgrade to the maximum 8GB compatible with this Dell model. When I replaced the "new" 4GB chip with the original 2GB chip, everything worked! I presume that the Ubuntu installs "filled" memory to the faulty RAM segment (which was repeatedly at the same spot) and crashed.

Thanks again!


7.3.3.6. Device naming order changes randomly after rebooting

  This is due to the fact that Udev, by design, handles uevents and loads modules in parallel, and thus in an unpredictable order. This will never be “fixed”. You should not rely upon the kernel device names being stable. Instead, create your own rules that make symlinks with stable names based on some stable attributes of the device, such as a serial number or the output of various *_id utilities installed by Udev. See Section 7.4, “Managing Devices” and Section 7.5, “General Network Configuration” for examples.

Source: Linux From Scratch: 7.3. Overview of Device and Module Handling

Check for attributes of target node and its parent nodes

udevadm info -a /dev/lirc1

Check the environment variables of the target node (something different that can be used for rule match)

udevadm info /dev/lirc1

Create new UDEV rules file

sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/99-lirc-symlinks.rules

#2 or only setup link for usb device
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="lirc?", ATTRS{idVendor}=="1934", ATTRS{idProduct}=="5168", SYMLINK+="lirc90"

lirc90 which is far away to be reached anyway.
Reload rules

sudo udevadm control -R

Trigger event request, replug the USB device or you may need reboot.

sudo udevadm trigger

Setup your application to use /dev/lirc90

Notes:

There are many many ways to implement a rule for same device. So I can write another one for USB dongle:

ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="lirc?", DRIVERS="mceusb", SYMLINK+="lirc90"

KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, DRIVERS, ATTRS search the devpath upwards for a matching. see man udev.


Is there any license required to from Ubuntu for applications when I download apt-get?

What do you mean by "license", user?

If you mean some End User license, some of the programs that you can install will have those.

But in the cases of BIND, Squid, and sendmail don't inherently have any licenses beyond a Free and Open Source Software license, which states that you are free to modify, use, and redistribute the software, and that all modifications and redistribution of the software with those modifications must have the same and/or compatible license.

However, there are no fees to pay, except for the cost of professional support; you can still get community support for free, though.  There are also no EULAs that you will need to sign, for the software you are installing.


Ubuntu 15.10 wait on all "auto" if cable unplugged

As a temporary fix i commented out the following lines:

#auto enp9s0
#iface enp9s0 inet dhcp

It removes the message from boot and makes my laptop start up without the waiting, however i feel like it's not a clean solution because every time i want to switch between internet connections (cable/wifi) i have to alter the /etc/network/interfaces file. If anybody ever finds a good solution to this problem i'd love to hear it.


I'm beginning see the picture here, an article explain that ..

  The 'Windows Key' (as I call it), more properly known as the “meta
  key”, is simply a modifier (like Shift, Ctrl, & Alt) and not a key in
  its own right. This means that you cannot, without some lower level
  file hacking, stab the Windows Key alone and get it to open the
  launcher.

So this is how we do it :

Right click on Kickoff (the KDE icon in the bottom left of your
screen)
Click “Application Launcher Settings”
Select “Keyboard Shortcuts”
Click the button and press your desired shortcut keycombo
Done!

source : LINK


How can I change the text size in Pinta 1.3?

When you are using the text tool, the text toolbar automatically appears and from there you can easily change the font size, including font-color, font-style, and several other things.


Dual Boot: Grub does not show windows anymore

This is really a Windows fix that is required.

Grub2's os-prober looks for Windows boot files.
Vista/7/8/10 BIOS (with 7, 8 or 10 the first two files are usually in a separate 100MB boot partition)
/bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe

Windows 7 in BIOS boot mode typically has a separate Boot partition, your sda1 and Windows uses boot flag to know which partition has those boot files.

Your sda1 is not showing any boot files, you need to restore bootmgr &
BCD using a Windows repair disk. You cannot fix it from Linux.

Some alternative fixes here. but best to use Windows repair console from your Windows repair flash drive.

How to remove Ubuntu and put Windows back on?


Problem after installing pycharm-"failed to create interpreter"

I had same issue after new installation on Pycharm. Running

sudo apt-get install python3-distutils

as suggested in Kulfy's and ratherunsaid's comments solved the problem.


Xmodmap unlisted characters. Is there a way to add them?

xmodmap -e "keycode 61 = U2152" # ⅒

Works for me.

Like ByteCommander said already the U stands for Unicode.
More Information are available in the man page of xmodmap.


I don't know, would it create any security problem but using this command can solve your problem

  sudo chown 777 .Xauthority


I've just installed Xubuntu 11.10 on my 64-bit machine, and downloaded and installed the 64-bit .deb package for Google earth 6.2, and had the same problem with the awful font.

I followed the instructions on page http://omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/01/how-to-make-google-earth-look-native-in-ubuntu, and they solved the problem. To paraphrase:

First, close Google Earth if it's running.
In a terminal emulator, give the following commands:

cd /opt/google/earth/
sudo rm libcurl.so.4 libGLU.so.1 libnss_mdns4_minimal.so.2 libQtCore.so.4 libQtGui.so.4 libQtNetwork.so.4 libQtWebKit.so.4

Use any editor to edit file /opt/google/earth/googleearth -- but you have to do it as a root, so for instance, the following command from a terminal emulator would work:

sudo nano /opt/google/earth/googleearth

Now add the line export LD_PRELOAD=libfreeimage.so.3 as the second last line of file googleearth -- that is, just before the line LD_LIBRARY_PATH=.:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH ./googleearth-bin "$@" -- and save the file.
Obtain the file libfreeimage.so.3 (removed broken link)
Edit: Since the link is broken you can obtain the file in this package
If your machine is 64-bit, download the file libphonon.so.4 (removed broken link)
Edit: Since the link is broken you can obtain the file in this package
In a terminal emulator, give the following commands (the ones concerning libphonon.so.4 only if your machine is 64-bit):

cd /opt/google/earth/
sudo cp ~/Downloads/libfreeimage.so.3 .
sudo cp ~/Downloads/libphonon.so.4 .
sudo chmod a+x libfreeimage.so.3
sudo chmod a+x libphonon.so.4
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev libqtwebkit4

Restart Google Earth. The fonts should now look normal.


How to install and enable brotli compression on LEMP on ubuntu 18.04

You will need to compile Brotli from source. And you're right. There's almost no documentation on how to do this. I did this for my own server and I'm now running Brotli. :-)

You will need to either compile NGINX with Brotli, or compile a Brotli dynamic module and add to an already-built NGINX.

Here's the script I documented for the second choice: https://www.majlovesreg.one/adding-brotli-to-a-built-nginx-instance

Hope this helps you.


How to install all the boost development libraries?

Package libboost-all-dev installs all the development libraries. Excerpt of the package description:

  This metapackage provides the complete Boost development environment, including all separately-packaged libraries.

Install it with:

sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev

If it fails to locate the package, make sure the universe repository is enabled.

Headers are located in /usr/include/boost and libraries in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu or /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu.


As per my comment, I think your install has broken packages due to the failed upgrade, so in this answer I will present a method where by you can re-install, and keep your /home folder. (Programs will have to be reinstalled though)

Warning! I take no responsibility if this fails and you lose your data because you failed to back it up!

Before you begin, run this command to find out your username:

whoami

Write the output down! (Also write down your password)

Now for reinstalling:

Download the latest LTS Ubuntu ISO. In this case, that would be 16.04, unless you have an AMD graphics card and are using fglrx, in which case you should get 14.04
Burn the ISO to a DVD, or use the included Startup Disk Creator program to make a live USB drive.
Boot the install media you created in step #2
Choose to install Ubuntu
On the "installation type" screen, choose Something Else
Select Ubuntu system partition, and set its mount point as /. Be sure to keep the same format type, the same size, and untick the "Format" checkbox (else all data on "/" will be deleted!)
When you are asked to create your username and password, USE THE ONES YOU WROTE DOWN EARLIER!!! (Else loose your data)
After the installation finishes, follow the prompts to shutdown, and remove the installation media when it tells you to.
Reboot and cross your fingers.


Ubuntu 18.04 running very slow /hanging but no obvious reason

The drm_kms_helper issue seems to be a known issue:

Here you can find a potential workaround.

Like Kulfy commented, your specs do seem to be on the low side, barely making it onto the minimum requirements:

Ubuntu Desktop Edition

2 GHz dual core processor

2 GiB RAM (system memory)

You may want to go for a hardware upgrade (additional memory), or a software downgrade (switching to a different flavor--Lubuntu is a great alternative).


Machine with Nvidia card:Issues with mount command on ubuntu using hostname

he error message mentions:

  missing codepage or helper program, or other error (for several
  filesystems (e.g. nfs, cifs) you might need a /sbin/mount. helper
  program

This is relevant given that you are trying to mount CIFS. The /sbin/mount.cifs needs the package named cifs-utils.

so install the package :

sudo apt-get install cifs-utils


As @heynnema stated in comments, the best way to do this is probably with a portable hard drive. That being said, I'll give you a couple of options, starting with doing it your way.

Encrypting and Backing up to Google Drive (NOT RECOMMENDED)
Warning: This is going to require that you have enough free space on your disk to duplicated your the contents of your home directory in compressed format

While logged in as the user whose directory you want to backup, open a terminal and preform the following actions:

Change to your home directory
cd ~/
Compress the contents of your home directory to an encrypted, compressed file which will be saved in /home. When prompted for a password, use something secure as it will be used to encrypt the compressed backup. Just to be on the safe side, we'll split this up into 1G files as well. I don't know what kind of limit Google puts on the file size.
sudo tar -cJf - ~/ | gpg2 -c | sudo split -b 1G - ../$USER-home.tar.xz.gpg.
At this point, you should have a bunch of files named similarly in /home all named like YOUR-USERNAME-home.tar.xz.gpg.*. If your home directory is a gig or less, there will only be one file. Check to see by running:
ls /home
You can upload each of these files to your Google Drive, assuming you have enough space available to you, and all of the contents will be encrypted!

When you want to pull them back down off of Google drive, save them all to a single directory. Change to that directory in a terminal and run one of the following commands, changing YOUR-USERNAME to the username reflected in the backup files. When a password is requested for decryption, enter the same password that you used to encrypt the backup:

Decrypt to compressed tar file:
cat YOUR-USERNAME-home.tar.gpg.* | gpg -d > /path/to/save/tar/file/YOUR-USERNAME-home.tar.xz
Decrypt and decompress right to /home/YOUR-USERNAME:
cat YOUR-USERNAME-home.tar.gpg.* | gpg -d | tar -xJf -

Backing up to an external hard drive (RECOMMENDED)
Plug in your external drive and run the following command from a terminal:

Create an uncompressed, unencrypted backup to your hard drive with permissions preserved regardless of the file system on the hard drive.
sudo tar -cf /path/to/your/hd/$USER-home.tar ~/

When you're ready to access the backed up files, you can simply open the tar file from the hard drive and copy anything over or extract the entire thing.


12.10 → 14.04 is not a supported release upgrade route. The only working route would be 12.10 → 13.04 → 13.10 → 14.04, I think. So you'd either have to perform three release upgrades, of which every one could break your system, or you start anew with 14.04.

Whether you actually need to upgrade is up to you. If you don't want to install any too recent software and the newest features, I don't think you need the upgrade.

However, there's still the security aspect. Ubuntu is a rather safe system (compared to Windows, where pretty much everything is safer), but rather safe doesn't mean absolutely safe. I can't predict how sensible the files on your server are or how you estimate the chance of an attack on your server, but no server is 100% safe. If your server is in an environment with a firewall-protected router, I'd say you're safe enough.

So, again, you have to tell whether you need the upgrade. But if you decide that you need it, the best way is a full reinstallation (Back up your data first!)


Is Wireshark the correct tool as a data (traffic) meter? Something better?

One possible solution would be to use wrtbwmon but I'm not sure if you could install it on a vanilla WNDR3700...

You could also install the superb Tomato operating system, that can not only break down the usage per client but also set limits and do lots of other wonderful stuff out of the box: http://tomato.groov.pl/?p=379


You can't resize the root partition while you're in Ubuntu.  You must use the GParted Live CD/USB, and then, according to your picture, shrink sda5 and grow sda9


C++ programs do not get focus when started from launcher in Xubuntu 13.10

Found the answer myself. If the Use startup notification checkbox (shown in image below) in the launcher is checked, then this happens. You can access the menu to edit the launchers by right-clicking on the Xubuntu button and selecting Edit Menus


Those are likely false positives. You probably used rhunter with pulse audio active.

/dev/*shm* are SHared Memory devices and are used as a mounted file system which uses virtual memory (instead of a persistent storage device).

Those you show are related to pulseaudio to buffer audio output. Looks like pulseaudio did not do a good job at cleaning them up.

Do a ...

pulseaudio --cleanup-shm

to clean them up. See

pulse-daemon.conf

and its man page on how to manage these (disable, enable and the maximum size they can be).


Installing Ubuntu From An USB With Limited Conditions

pen drive linux universal installer very useful and very ease to use. It need not be installed ) just download and execute it


Which default programs can be safely uninstalled?

You can uninstall anything you want. At work we even delete gdm and anything GUI related but that is because we have a command line fetish.

Open up Ubuntu Software Center and have a look at the list that shows installed.

Anything in here, except for uncategorized and themes and tweaks since these might contain some software you do want to keep, should be safe for removal and should be standalone packages. This includes firefox, thunderbird, totem, libreoffice. The list goes on and on so you will not get a perfect answer to your question.


Open terminal and run

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -f
sudo apt dist-upgrade -y

and try to upgrade 19.10 to 20.04 with

update-manager -c -d


How do you make a program that doesn't need to be installed searchable in the unity dash. (ubuntu 12.10)

Short answer:
You can add programs to your main menu easily by using a menu editor. The preferred tool is called alacarte, but there are also others. Beware, that you might have to log out and log in again to see any effects.

Long answer: Ubuntu uses two different application menus. There is a system wide one stored at /usr/share/applications and a per user one in ~/.local/share/applications. The entries in these menus are stored in .desktop files.

Really long answer: Read man xdg-desktop-menu


Issue while dual Booting Windows 7 Ultimate with Ubuntu 14.04.3

You could boot up Windows 7 and shrink your partition like so & install Ubuntu on the space you cleared up.


I am not sure why you were not able to connect to other tty's, but it sounds like your network needs to reestablish an IP address from your router or modem. If your using Network Manager, you should just be able to click the Wired connection, however, (this may not work without root permissions) you could run the command dhcpcd eth0 (or the approperate wired interface) and it'll get you connected again. Simple restart should do the trick if all else fails.


This is because game resolution is smaller than your system screen resolution. Wine can not change resolution, and that is good. Your options include:

Find a way to increase game resolution to your actual resolution.
Decrese system screen resolution when playing.
Wine has an option to redirect fullscreen back to windows in it's winecfg settings. Use it, than use Ubuntu accessibility tools to scale that window to fullscreen.


Why doesn't System Monitor show activity over ethernet connections?

I have a similar ethernet controller and have the same issue:

$ lspci | grep Ethernet
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Qualcomm Atheros AR8161 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 10)

This is a bug that affects Ubuntu 13.10 and Ubuntu 14.04. The bug has been fixed in Linux Mainline Kernel v3.14 and later. So, you would need to install the mainline kernel to fix the issue.

Download the latest stable release of Mainline Build from this page. If the folder name doesn't contain the word rc in it, then it's a stable build. As of this writing the stable build is v3.14.1-trusty (this would work for Ubuntu 13.10 as well).

Download the *.deb files based on your architecture. Refer this section on Ubuntu Wiki on what you need to download. Once downloaded, open your terminal, cd to the downloaded directory and run sudo dpkg -i *.deb to install them. Then reboot to check if it works for you.

Note: You won't get automatic updates for this version of kernel. You would need to manually check the download page and install them yourself to remain updated.

Refer Ubuntu Wiki on Kernel Mainline Builds for more information about them
Following are the bugs reported on Launchpad in this respect; go and mark that you are also affected by the bug:

Network History no longer works in System Monitor on 13.10
Missing statistics for tx_bytes, tx_packets, rx_bytes and rx_packets since Ubuntu 13.10


First thing to try is to restart. If the problem persists, consider making a bootable USB stick instead and use that. Also verify that the DVD is fine by booting on another system or via the option when DVD boots.

If you're familiar with terminal, you can try Alt + Ctrl + F1 to see if you can run commands.


Where is the official website to report bugs in ubuntu touch

Ubuntu Avengers is a page with handy links for bug filing.
 It contains bug report links and preferred bug report forms for Apps, Scopes, Indicators, Toolkit / Platform, and Web Services.

From How to report bugs:

  Please DO NOT file bugs at the "ubuntu-touch-preview" project. This
  project is no longer monitored, bugs should be filed in the individual
  affected packages. Include the steps to reproduce, an automated
  testcase (if possible) and the frequency of the bug.

  Generally, please try to do your best to make sure you put enough
  information so we can track the hardware and build, for example give
  "mako #120" in the subject to indicate you're using a Nexus 4 and
  image #120. You can find out what image you're running in System
  Settings -> About.

  However, if you have bugs which concern the image tools
  (ubuntu-device-flash), bug tracking is open and bugs are welcome; go
  to https://bugs.launchpad.net/phablet-tools/+filebug to open a new
  bug.

  If you want to help out with reporting or triaging bugs, that's great.
  Ask on IRC or the mailing list if you're unsure. We've got to work all
  together on this to make Ubuntu for Phones & Tablets truly rock!

You can also file bugs on device:

  To file a bug directly on the device use the "ubuntu-bug" program,
  specifying the package which you'd like to report against. e.g.

 adb shell
    ubuntu-bug unity8

  The above is the preferred method for filing bugs directly on the
  device. If for some reason you are unable to run ubuntu-bug on the
  phone, you can manually file a bug using the links given in Avengers. You can also
  find existing bugs via those links.

In addition, You can also join the IRC channel #ubuntu-touch on irc.freenode.net where you can get help and discus about anything.


Try setting debug=<some value> for example debug=1 in your /etc/privoxy/config.


Problem solved.  Windows is gone and Gnome Ubuntu has taken its place.  Should have done it long ago.  Windows 7 Home is just too problematic with Samba.  Had a hell of a time getting it to work in the first place, and then it was not reliable.  Not putting any more effort into windows, we are now an Ubuntu family.


How can I add Markdown syntax highligting to Pluma in 16.04 LTS?

It is possible, but with one thing to be considered: all current Ubuntu versions already have markdown.lang file in the repositories as a part of libgtksourceview-3.0-common package, but in Ubuntu 16.04 Pluma uses libgtksourceview2.0-0 as a dependency.

So here we need to install the libgtksourceview-3.0-common package with

sudo apt-get install libgtksourceview-3.0-common

and then copy markdown.lang file manually to current user configuration folder:

mkdir -p ~/.local/share/gtksourceview-2.0/language-specs/
cd ~/.local/share/gtksourceview-2.0/language-specs/
cp /usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/language-specs/markdown.lang .

then restart Pluma and enjoy:

Notes:

and any other lang-file may be installed with similar way. The full list is the following: actionscript, ansforth94, automake, bennugd, bluespec, cobol, cpphdr, csv, gdb-log, genie, go, idl-exelis, imagej, jade, j, json, julia, lex, llvm, markdown, matlab, mediawiki, meson, modelica, mxml, netrexx, objj, opencl, pig, protobuf, puppet, python3, rst, rust, scala, scilab, sml, sweave, systemverilog, thrift, yaml.
this approach gives free bonus - the Meld merge diff tool will use the same lang-files to highlight syntax.


canon LPB6000 installed on ubuntu 17.4 but doesn't work?

I have the same printer and I had the same problem. On Xubuntu 18.04, I resolved it this way.

1) First, allow compatibility with needed i386 libraries (although drivers are labelled as 64bit, they depend on them). Enter the following

sudo sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libstdc++6:i386 libxml2:i386 zlib1g:i386 libpopt0:i386
sudo apt-get install libglade2-0:amd64

2) Install drivers as explained by pdc.

3) Register the printer

sudo lpadmin -p LBP6000 -m CNCUPSLBP6018CAPTS.ppd -v ccp://localhost:59787

Note that the port here must be the same as in UI PORT (see the screenshot in the second answer by pdc). Then

lpadmin -p LBP6000 -E

(I guess you can also give a combined command, as suggested by pdc.)

4) Register the printer in the ccpd deamon:

sudo ccpdadmin -p LBP6000 -o /dev/usb/lp0

Of course, change /dev/usb/lp0 with the right path if needed.

5) Start the ccpd deamon

sudo /etc/init.d/ccpd start

Connect the printer and check its status typing

sudo /etc/init.d/ccpd status

You should see two numbers in the output. If not, type sudo /etc/init.d/ccpd restart.

6) Try to print a test page from Settings>Printers. If the printer is still silent, type

captstatusui -P LBP6000 -e

to start Canon's printer monitor. Now the printer should work.

7) Perhaps you want ccpd and the printer monitor automatically start on boot. For the first one, type

sudo update-rc.d ccpd defaults

Next, you may run command at point 6) going to Settings>Startup or following, for instance, this answer.

Remark. If the printer return silent on reboot, try to restart ccpd and captstatusui. You may also try to power off and on the printer. That worked for me.


I had the same problem on my Asus machine. Try this, Highlight the try Ubuntu in the grub menu and then press the button  e  then in the line with Linux add the below command
nouveau.modeset=0

and then press F10 after it. It disables the graphic driver and will now boot and won't freeze. Just make sure while installing to get the appropriate drivers during installation itself. I didn't do it so it got stuck for me on the purple screen after reboot.
If it also happens with you after rebooting. Then you should boot in the recovery mode and then install the graphics and missing drivers from the additional drivers in the dash. After that you will be able to boot up your Ubuntu.


You can set the Text scaling factor using gsettings from a terminal.  To scale to 125%:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 1.25

To reset to standard size:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 1.0

These changes effectively toggle the 'Large text' switch in Settings > Universal Access.


How do I submit a full bug report with crash dump and steps to reproduce?

A good way to report this is to configure Apport to send crash data to Launchpad.
You can configure it back afterwards, if you don't generally want to do this when a program crashes.
Background
What you want is for Apport to collect crash data and submit it to Launchpad, so you can write and submit a bug report with the data attached. This is the behavior of Apport on alpha and beta releases, as well as the behavior (when Apport was enabled) on all releases prior to 12.04.
In Ubuntu 12.04, Whoopsie was introduced.
Whoopsie submits Apport crash data to a database (Daisy) where it can be processed and analyzed in aggregate (then viewed). This is much better than not having the data reported at all, and better than bug reports with insufficient information where the reporter does not provide requested information. Furthermore, bugs in stable releases are sometimes less likely to be fixed unless they can be reproduced in the development release (and with Whoopsie, users are not asked to read bug reporting instructions and file a report, only to find that the bug is not fixed for a long time).
However, well-written bug reports with enough information are still welcomed, for supported Ubuntu releases (which includes your situation).
You can reconfigure Apport so it submits crash data to Launchpad for bug reporting, instead of Daisy for statistical analysis.
Reconfiguring Apport to Send Crash Data to Launchpad
If you disabled Whoopsie as explained here, Apport will be disabled too. So if your goal is to report crash bugs, that's not what you want.
In one of Apport's configuration files, /etc/apport/crashdb.conf, there is a line that says:
        'problem_types': ['Bug', 'Package'],

This is the line that lists the problem types for which data are sent to Launchpad. It lists Bug and Package. Add Crash:
        'problem_types': ['Bug', 'Package', 'Crash'],

Now, when crash data are automatically collected, they will be submitted to Launchpad and a browser window/tab will appear where you can describe the bug (just like before Whoopsie).
References

Bob Bib (bobbib), Comment 5 for bug 994921
Neal McBurnett (nealmcb), Comment 13 for bug 993450


Ubuntu takes complete hard disk for installation without considering pre-existing partitions

This symptom is most often caused by one of two problems:

Leftover RAID data -- If the disk was used in a RAID setup (which is sometimes the case even on single-disk setups, depending on your firmware settings), it may contain RAID data that will confuse libparted, the partitioning library used by the Ubuntu installer. Typing sudo dmraid -E -r /dev/sda will usually correct this problem. Do this only if you're positive that you're not actively using RAID on the disk, though; if Windows is using the RAID setup, this command will cause serious problems!
Damaged partition table -- Even minor damage to a partition table caused libparted to flake out. Most such problems can be fixed by my FixParts program. The Web page describes details of its use. On occasion, problems will need to be corrected in some other way, but more information (like the fdisk output that Mitch has requested) is necessary to diagnose the problem.


arrow keys not working in python interpreter

As you said in comments, fixing the command to install the libreadline-dev package as suggested by the post on SO you linked seems to have solved your problem.

Here is the correct command again:

sudo apt install libreadline-dev


Why gedit is not opening a file from terminal?

gedit is a graphical editor. All graphical applications need an environment variable called $DISPLAY.

If you have running graphical session start gedit like this:

user@host:~# DISPLAY=:0 gedit config/database.yml

In case you dont have access to a graphical session try
user@host:~# nano config/database.yml


Install 'synaptic package manager' in the repository(software center).

Open Synaptic

Click 'custom filters' on the bottom left

Select 'broken'

Highlight all broken packages and mark for complete removal.

Let me know if this helps!

You can also try the following:

Open terminal

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update

If neither of those options resolve the issue, I would install bleachbit and clean up your system.

Get the latest version here:

http://bleachbit.sourceforge.net/download/linux

After installing bleachbit open terminal

sudo bleachbit

The program will start

Under APT select all options

Under DEEP SCAN select all options except thumbs.db

Under SYSTEM select all options except free disk space and trash

Click 'preview' and then click 'delete'

If none of the above works you can try the following:

Open terminal

sudo apt-get install ntrack-module-libnl-0 --reinstall


You can find most of the details here

There are two files you need to look at. The /etc/X11/xorg.conf and the appropriate file depending on your desktop manager (Gnome, KDE, etc.)

If you are trying to multiseat from one graphics card, it will be a different process and as far as I know, possible with extra software, but more difficult. It looks like you are using two different video cards so you should be safe.

Configuring the DE (Desktop environment) files are fairly easy and you can find the instructions on the link above. For the xorg, you will need to do most of the details yourself. Read over this page. The idea is to link your Screens, Inputs, Monitors, Device, etc. to the appropriate ServerLayout set in your DE config file.

Have fun and good luck!


Your command was wrong. Instead of chmod +x /LiveCodeCommunityinstaller-6_5_0-Linux.x86 issue: chmod +x LiveCodeCommunityinstaller-6_5_0-Linux.x86.
After that you can run it.

Explanation: with the / it points to the root of the filesystem, without to the actual directory. You can verify if the flag was set with ls -la LiveCodeCommunityinstaller-6_5_0-Linux.x86 command. If it shows x flag, than the command was successful. Alternatively you can run it without setting the x flag like this: sh LiveCodeCommunityinstaller-6_5_0-Linux.x86.


Search in all folders of imap mailbox with Mutt

Yes, use mutt-kz (which is a fork of mutt but which keeps up-to-date with it) and notmuch. You did not give any details such as how you fetch, read, and send email, so there is not much to go on. But a great combination for Gmail users is to use offlineimap + mutt-kz + notmuch.

Then, to search all folders, just do Esc+X, enter your search query, and press return. That's it.


Need to create a separate partition after installing Ubuntu

Open gparted via a Live CD
Why live cd?
Gparted cannot modify mounted drives and since you only have 1 partition that means it's the one running Ubuntu. So you will have to open the live cd and do your edits from there.
What is a live CD?

live disc is a complete bootable computer operating system which runs in the computer's memory, rather than loading from the hard disk drive. It allows users to experience and evaluate an operating system without installing it or making any changes to the existing operating system on the computer

How-to

Back up your data before fiddling with partitions, just in case.
You will need to boot from the live cd (make sure to pick Try Ubuntu and not Install Ubuntu)
Open up gparted and choose to resize the current Linux partition
Shrink it from the end (not from the start; it sometimes causes problems)
Now that you have shrunk your partition, there will be some empty space at the end of the drive. Right click on it and pick format. Choose the filesystem and label for it
Press edit > apply all operations


I had a similar issue.  I tried the Boot Menu (F12 during startup) and changing boot priority in my BIOS (Delete during startup).  Still would not boot from my USB.  I even completely wiped my hard drive, and it would not work.  I probably had some setting screwed up.  The bootable thumb drive worked perfectly on one PC, but I just could not get it to work on the other.

I ended up creating a boot DVD, and it worked perfect.  So if you are having trouble booting from a USB, maybe you should try the DVD route.  Just a suggestion.


How long should wubi take to install Lubuntu ?

You should have atleast a speed of 200kbps of internet speed this will install ubuntu fast but if you have less than 50kbps of internet speed than it take more than 6hrs or it will not install


WiFi not working after upgrade from 14.04 to 16.04. RT3290 adaptor

Use "tar -xvzf" instead of "taf -xvf" when unpacking a tar.gz file.
The -z is "tells tar to read or write archives through gzip, allowing tar to directly operate on several kinds of compressed archives transparently. This option should be used, for example, when operating on files with the extension .tar.gz." (source: http://www.computerhope.com/unix/utar.htm)


Cannot share my Ethernet connection anymore after 17.04 install

In Ubuntu 17.04, the dnsmasq-tools dependency has been dropped from network-manager, which results in the network sharing feature failing to work. To fix this, simply install the dnsmasq-base package.

Open Terminal and run:

sudo apt-get install dnsmasq-base

This will fix the problem. Information about the bug can be found here...


Start ubuntu 13.04 from preinstalled window 8

If Ubuntu is already installed you may want to re-install the grub loader. Link Here

You can also fix it using Easy BCD by creating dual boot menu.


Password changed, but only accepts old password at login

Here is what you will need to do.. Lines starting with '$' are prompts, you don't type the '$'. Lines without the '$' are output, you don't type them either. Things inside <> should be replaced with your new or old password as indicated.

$passwd
Enter the new password (minimum of 5, maximum of 8 characters).
Please use a combination of upper and lower case letters and numbers.
Old password: <old password goes here>
New password: <new password goes here>
Re-enter new password: <new password goes here>
Password changed.


No Gmail Notifications for Ubuntu Phone on Meizu MX4

I have the same phone and also use Gmail. I do get a very gentle tap when I receive an email, and a popup at the top of the screen, and a notification in the task bar. The sound is rather subtle but still quite noticeable. I can't find where to change the sound. I didn't change anything to get it working. I do know a few settings that might be connected to your problem, so just to make sure the obvious stuff is set correctly:

In System settings - Notifications, there should be a listing of all apps that are allowed to notify you. For me that's External drives, System Settings, Facebook, Gmail and Telegram. To the right of each entry is a radio button to switch it on or off.

So: is Gmail listed there? If so, and turned off, easy fix. If not, your account may not be OK. Go back to system settings and to Accounts (one to the left). There, Google should be listed with your mail address underneath. If so, enter it by tapping. At the top is your ID, below are the different apps that use Google account. Is Gmail shown? Is the button switched on?

If you're in doubt whether your account settings are correct, you could remove and add back your google account from the accounts settings.

Otherwise, I wouldn't know what to do... Good luck anyway!


Alt+(letter) does not work in netbeans anymore

It is really an Ubuntu 15.04 problem. I am using Netbeans 8.0.2 both on a 14.04 and a 15.04 desktop Ubuntu with "Eclipse" shortcut profile. In this profile Alt+F is a shortcut for "Find in projects" feature which I use frequently. On 14.04 everything is ok, but on 15.04 it was very frustrating that I always had to use the "Edit" menu with mouse. Finally the acceptable workaround was that I changed that shortcut to Ctrl+Alt+F which had not been used for other thing before.


How do I extend ext4 partition using GParted?

In your case, sda5, sda6, and sda7 are all within an extended partition; sda3.

You need to extend sda3 to the right to take up all the space first.  In order to do this, you need to first boot off of a LiveUSB or DVD so that your partitions are not mounted.

See here on how to make a Live USB.

Next, open gparted.  If not installed, install it with sudo apt-get install gparted.

Extend your sda3 partition all the way to the left to take up the available space.  Note that it may be called sdb3 or some other letter, so just ensure it's the right drive.

Your partitions 5-7 inside the extended partition will not move.

At this point, you can move sda5 to the beginning of the drive (this will take time).  You will then have unallocated space to the right of sda5.

NOW you can extend your ext4 partition, sda6 to take up the remaining space.


Ubuntu 13 doesn't have an option for screen resolution 1600x900 for NVidia graphics

Open a terminal window (Ctrl+Alt+T) and enter xrandr -q

The output should look something like this:

Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1366 x 768, maximum 32767 x 32767
LVDS1 connected primary 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 344mm x 194mm
   1366x768       60.0*+   39.9
   1360x768       59.8     60.0
   1024x768       60.0
   800x600        60.3     56.2
   640x480        59.9

where in this case, LVDS1 is the output which your monitor is connected to.

Now enter xrandr --output LVDS1 --mode 1600x900 (replace LVDS1 with the correct output if necessary). The output should now have the correct resolution.

To make the changes permanent, you need to put the above command into your .xprofile file.
To do this, type nano ~/.xprofile in a terminal. Enter the line xrandr --output LVDS1 --mode 1600x900 and save (Ctrl+O, Enter, Ctrl+X).


After looking at other people's solutions, it seems that screen sources ~/.bashrc or ~/.bash_profile for different people.

Do you have anything in your ~/.screenrc dealing with "shell"?  Can you tell us in which of your dot files is the proper $PATH created.  You need to ensure that screen sources this file and it's hard to give you definitive instructions without knowing which file gives you the proper $PATH.

You should make sure that your ~/.bash_profile sources your ~/.bashrc file.  You can learn more about the difference between these two files, but in summary, the ~/.bash_profile file is sourced when you login via ssh, so either put your configurations in that file, or have it source your main file (~/.bashrc).

$ cat ~/.bash_profile
#
# ~/.bash_profile
#

[[ -f ~/.bashrc ]] && source ~/.bashrc

Note: You may also be interested in learning about ~/.profile, ~/.xsessionrc and ~/.xinitrc as well, but that is not needed for your current goals.


"Read-only" and "Cannot allocate memory" error messages when trying to read or write to tape

Perhaps the tape needs erasing, use:

sudo mt -f /dev/st0 erase

You can check the status and see what's wrong using:

sudo mt -f /dev/st0 status


You can download ubuntu installing Lice CD.Start your computer with booting that CD.then there is a choise there to format all entire hard disc,and recover all system.You will choose Recovery mod.All your applications and installed softwares will be initialized as first time installing.but your files like photos,text files any etc. will be kept.


No Ubuntu loading option and installation alongside Windows Vista

This problem is duplicate with no grub menu for 11.10 and 12.04LTS .

Boot with your USB plugged in. Enter the Ubuntu system.
In the terminal, type in

$ sudo grub-install /dev/sda

(if you get an error, replace sda with hda), and then

$ sudo update-grub

Reboot without the USB plugged in. You should see the grub menu now.


Installing Skype from the website does not install these additional dependencies:

libdbusmenu-qt2:i386
sni-qt:i386

One of which (sni-qt:i386) is needed for this functionality, so either just install this additional dependency with:

sudo apt-get install sni-qt:i386

Or replace your current Skype installation with the one from the repository which will install the extra stuff and remove the Skype you installed from the website (which is known as skype:i386):

sudo apt-get install skype


The wrong is that you don't have libpng15 installed. You can download it from http://sourceforge.net/projects/libpng/files/libpng15/1.5.20 and install. Then try to compile Emacs again.


With some kde specific settings, kwin crashes. (kubuntu 18.04LTS)

I experience a similar problem and found a preliminary fix for it, as decribed in the bug report:
https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=396000

I hope this helps you, too. Maybe you want to confirm this on my bugreport to give it more momentum?

Joe


Trying to install Ubuntu to a USB HDD with Windows 8 on internal? Need confirmation

Alright, I got it to work. There were some glitches at first, but all was sorted out. I had to do the following:

Choose "Something Else" Menu
Install everything to formatted 250GB Drive
Go through setup process
Fix GRUB timer and default timeout choice
Do a bunch of reboots for updating various files and stuff
Accidental HDD unplug while shutting down
Hard Shutdown
Cold Reboot
GRUB Commandline opened
Somehow kept rebooting and got into Ubuntu
??? (Win. Bootloader somehow automatically moved back up to top priority boot)
PROFIT! (Everything fixed!)

Sorry I don't have more details for anyone having this problem.

SOLVED!


Accidentally Uninstalled Network manager

Try the below command on terminal to install network manager,

sudo apt-get install network-manager


How to show a different desktop image to screen capturing applications?

Toggle your wallpaper

Not literally what you asked for, yet the best option, as far as I can see: a key short cut to toggle between your usual wallpaper (the script will find out), and a pre- chosen wallpaper, to be set in the head of the script.

My secret wallpaper: (which I don't want people to see) :)

Press the shortcut, My "public" wallpaper is set. Take the screenshot:

Press the shortcut again:

Why this seems the best option

In your question you mention automatically "replacing" the wallpaper in the screen shot (or recording), by another wallpaper. However, all applications you mention make a recording in one layer of pixels. Separating wallpaper and foreground is quite impossible, unless you do it manually (which is a demanding job).
In comments, we spoke about automatically set another wallpaper once the screen shot is (going to be) taken, but since you run Shutter in the background continuously, and you run the command from its panel menu, it seems impossible to find a trigger. The pid of Shutter obviously isn't, and the menu does not appear as a window in the output of wmctrl -l
Even if we could find a child process of Shutter once the screen shot is being taken, the action would have taken place before we can change the wallpaper.

So...

Below a script to use under a short cut key, to toggle your wallpaper:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import os

# --- set your replacement- wallpaper below
image = "/path/to/your/image"
# ---

currwall = os.environ["HOME"] + "/.set_wall"
key = [
    "gsettings ",
    "get ", "set ",
    "org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri",
    ]

def get(command):
    return subprocess.check_output(["/bin/bash", "-c", command]).decode("utf-8").strip()

def run(command):
    subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", command])

if not os.path.exists(currwall):
    # save the (path to the) currently used wallpaper to an invisible file
    cmd = key[0]+key[1]+key[-1]
    open(currwall, "wt").write(get(cmd))
    # set the temporary wallaper
    cmd = key[0]+key[2]+key[-1]+" 'file://"+image+"'"
else:
    # read the file, restore the original wallpaper
    cmd = key[0]+key[2]+key[-1]+" "+open(currwall).read()
    # remove the temporary file
    os.remove(currwall)
run(cmd)

How to use

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as toggle_wallpaper.py
In the head section of the script, set the secondary wallpaper, that should replace the usual one.

# --- set your replacement- wallpaper below
image = "/path/to/your/image"
# ---

Test- run the script with the command:

python_3 /path/to/toggle_wallpaper.py

(two times to set the secondary- and restore the original wallpaper)
Add the command to a shortcut key: choose: System Settings → Keyboard → Shortcuts → Custom Shortcuts. Click the + and add the command:

python_3 /path/to/toggle_wallpaper.py


Why are the Caps Lock and Num lock indicators not working on my keyboard?

The problem is because of the inappropriate driver used. Ubuntu's default drivers might not suite your keyboard. If You have a dual boot use the keyboard on windows to confirm it is because of Ubuntu only. If yes then you will have to try additional drivers that might be provided by Manufacturer or Download from Internet. There is a additional driver option for Ubuntu in the dash. Use it to solve your problem.


What does "No bootable medium found" mean in VirtualBox?

This message simply means that you haven't told your virtual machine where to find its OS.

In the Virtual Machine window, go to Storage, and medium.  see image below.


Okay, I figured it out finally. Here's what I did:

First, I made sure I had the right Logical Volume name by running lvdisplay in terminal.
Then, I had to edit the rc.local file in /etc/rc.local. I added the command there because I couldn't run a command as root in the Startup Applications (I would have to enter a password). In this file, for my system I added the following command:

mount /dev/fileserver-media /media/

The /dev/fileserver-media is the name of the logical volume (found with lvdisplay). The /media/ represents where I want the logical volume to be mounted.
And then with Samba, I ran gksudo nautilus in the terminal, edited permissions, and shared it. The reason I ran this command in the terminal is to open up the file manager as root so I can be the "owner". I would not have been able to edit permissions without running this command.


You can try typing:

history

in your terminal.

Or you could search it with CTRL-r.


While upgrading packages, I'm getting err in samba-libs on my ubuntu 16.04

I hope it work for use:

Remove all the content of /var/lib/apt/lists directory:

sudo apt clean
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

Then run:

sudo apt update
sudo apt autoremove

And then upgrade without any issues:

sudo apt upgrade


How to retrieve a mp4 file into KdenLive for Ubuntu?

Install the necessary codecs using command:

sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras


Ubuntu Server 16.04 - display hostname instead of IP in password prompt (SSHD)

That prompt is from your ssh client, not from the server; it is essentially parroting back to you whatever identifier you used in the ssh command line:

From sshconnect2.c:auth_passwd():

snprintf(prompt, sizeof(prompt), "%.30s@%.128s's password: ",
    authctxt->server_user, host);

If you have set a HostKeyAlias option, it will use that name rather than the IP address or hostname you used on the command line.  Add to your ~/.ssh/config:

Host some_alias
    Hostname 192.168.1.13
    HostKeyAlias something_else


Thanks to this guide I set up an encrypted swap file (can't be used for hibernation). On Debian based distributions, you will need the cryptsetup package for these instructions.

Firstly create an appropriately sized file (here 4 gigabytes) to store the swap data:
fallocate -l 4G /cryptswap

Add the following to /etc/crypttab:
cryptswap /cryptswap /dev/urandom swap

Activate the newly created encrypted drive:
service cryptdisks reload

Add the following to /etc/fstab:
/dev/mapper/cryptswap none swap sw 0 0

Activate the new swap file:
swapon -a


Where are Libre Office thumbnails stored?

Thumbnails of LibreOffice files are stored within
$HOME/.config/libreoffice/4/user/registrymodifications.xcu

This file is an xml file as you can see by running

file $HOME/.config/libreoffice/4/user/registrymodifications.xcu

/home/dkb/.config/libreoffice/4/user/registrymodifications.xcu: XML 1.0 document, ASCII text, with very long lines

If you open that file with a competent text editor, and search for "thumbnail", you'll come across something like:

<prop oor:name="Thumbnail" oor:op="fuse"><value>iVBORw0KGgoAA .... IAAAAASUVORK5CYII=</value></prop>

for each thumbnail.

One way to get rid of all existing thumbnails is to close all instances of LibreOffice (soffice.bin) and then delete registrymodifications.xcu knowing that you may lose other customizations and settings as well. This file will be recreated, much smaller now, the next time you start any application of the LibreOffice suite.

Another way, if you're adventurous and which I haven't tried, is to directly edit registrymodifications.xcu to remove the thumbnails bits without destroying the xml structure.

To prevent thumbnails from being created in the first place, see https://ask.libreoffice.org/en/question/52288/registrymodificationxcu-exclude-thumbnail-data/


Vagrant up/reload error - default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying…

After struggling with all the various options available on different questions, I was still facing the same problem.
Finally, I did a

vagrant destroy

followed by

vagrant up

And I have my system working again.

Note: If you too have the habit to directly switch off your computer, you might face this problem soon! In your vagrant terminal (vagrant ssh), always go for a:

sudo shutdown -h now

or you can just type

vagrant halt

after you logout from your ssh.

PS: For those of you who might be afraid to lose your data/code/anything during vagrant destroy, you might relax! I was hesitant using the command, but as per the documentation, all it does is:

  This command stops the running machine Vagrant is managing and
  destroys all resources that were created during the machine creation
  process. After running this command, your computer should be left at a
  clean state, as if you never created the guest machine in the first
  place.

This implies that your code will remain intact, and the next vagrant up would lead you to the same state as you left, only with the problem solved now. :)


Passwords do not match in ddlcient setup

Edit the ddclient configuration file manually
I found the configuration setup of ddclient to be a little basic and it did not give me the choices I wanted. I ended up editing the configuration file manually. To do this open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter:
pkexec gedit /etc/ddclient.conf

Note: you should pkexec instead of sudo or gksudo for GUI applications like gedit. If you are trying this on a non-GUI environment, use sudo and your preferred text editor, such as vim, or nano.
Now you can comment out the lines created during installation and put in your own setting.
To determine what you should put in the configuration file look at:

Ubuntu help and
DynDNS help

I use a different DNS server, so I can't help with the exact configuration. But this is what I think should work:
# Basic configuration file for ddclient
#
# /etc/ddclient.conf
daemon=3600                 # This will check at 1 hour interval
use=web, web=checkip.dyndns.com/, web-skip='IP Address'
login=your-username      # Your user ID for logging in dydns.org
password='your-password' # Your password for logging in dydns.org you may need the single quotes
protocol=dyndns2
server=members.dyndns.org
wildcard=YES
pits_pc.dyndns.org          # Replace this with your personal URL

Once you have edited the configuration file, use this command to verify that ddclient is working correctly:
sudo ddclient -daemon=0 -debug -verbose -noquiet

Hope this helps


Help needed on installation of USB ethernet adapter in Ubuntu 14.04.3

Device 0fe6:9700 is supported on 14.04.3 without any 3rd party disk, so you probably don't need to worry, just plug it in and use it.

You can verify that the driver you have installed supports it thusly:-

modinfo dm9601 | grep -i 0fe6.9700


I was able to solve my problem by backtracking.

I have a USB drive that was faulty and when inserted it was detected by the program "DISKS".  I turned off auto-mount options in that program and tried to mount it manually.

That didn't work, so when I unplugged the USB it must have kept those settings for the others.  I worked backwards and viewed the settings for that USB and changed them to auto-mount and removed the device.  Now SDB doesn't appear in the launcher for any USB.


The apt-key's manual explains this well.

adv
   Pass advanced options to gpg. With adv --recv-key you can e.g.
   download key from keyservers directly into the trusted set of keys.
   Note that there are no checks performed, so it is easy to
   completely undermine the apt-secure(8) infrastructure if used
   without care.

You're actually telling apt-key to receive 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF key from keyserver.ubuntu.com and add that to trusted set of keys.
One should add key using advance options with apt-key only if the keyserver is trusted since the system assume that the user themselves trust the keyserver.


 Notepad++ (notepad-plus-plus) is a snap package in the default repositories of all currently supported versions of Ubuntu. To remove Notepad++ open the terminal and type:

sudo snap abort --last auto-refresh
sudo snap disable notepad-plus-plus
sudo snap remove notepad-plus-plus


I fixed this with adding the following lint to /etc/pam.d/sshd

session    optional   pam_motd.so  motd=/run/motd.dynamic noupdate


deb file repositry fails during apt-get update due to not having a Release file

A working solution was to add [trusted=yes] to the line:

deb [trusted=yes] file:/home/me/debs ./


With Compiz running, you should still be able to drag the window around while holding the Alt key.


ubuntu-gnome 16.04 32 bit invalid encoding file automatically generated in home directory

My best guess is that this file gets generated when you open/run a few particular programs. This is because of the mismatch in type of OS and the software being opened/run.
Type in the command

uname -m

If you get i686, you have a 32-bit version of Linux.
If you get x86_64, you have a 64-bit version of Linux.
So now install the same version of the software that you want to use. Or also check the dependencies that the software uses.
For instance you have a 32bit OS. And you should use PHPStorm 32 bit, and PHPStorm needs jvm, then you need to install java 32 bit.


The ubuntu-desktop (and similar) packages are metapackages. That is, they contain no data (besides a small documentation file in the case of the *-desktop packages). But they depend on dozens of other packages that make up each of the Ubuntu flavors.

You can see a complete listing of each package's dependencies on packages.ubuntu.com. A quick search lists these metapackages.

ubuntu-desktop
kubuntu-desktop
xubuntu-desktop
lubuntu-desktop
edubuntu-desktop
edubuntu-desktop-kde

A more detailed explanation of metapackages and a list of some more useful metapackages can be found here.


How can I find out the startup files read and environment variables created when Ubuntu was started with graphical interface

This is quite complex.

Pam also can add environment variables, as well as other things (login program, getty, whatever...).

What I used to do is to add lines of the style (see this)

export CALLED_IN_ETC_PROFILE=$(date date +%s.%N)

in all suspicious files, and then look at the result for example using https://askubuntu.com/a/356973/16395.

To find which program/file could be responsible of the setting of a variable, you can try to look at the process tree of a shell into a terminal emulator:

[romano:/etc/X11/Xsession.d] % pstree -a -s -l -p -u $$
systemd,1 splash
  └─gdm3,1926
      └─gdm-session-wor,3752
          └─gdm-x-session,3807,romano --run-script gnome-session --session=gnome
              └─upstart,3824 --user
                  └─gnome-terminal-,5027
                      └─zsh,11224
                          └─pstree,11831 -a -s -l -p -u 11224

...I think that to start the graphic session, gdm-x-session is started from a user shell (note the UID change in the chain) in non-interactive mode, so that .profile is read (but not .bashrc, which is read by the shell in terminal emulator).

The tree is somewhat different if called from the gnome-shell:

bash-4.3$ pstree -a -s -l -p -u $$
systemd,1 splash
  └─gdm3,1926
      └─gdm-session-wor,3752
          └─gdm-x-session,3807,romano --run-script gnome-session --session=gnome
              └─upstart,3824 --user
                  └─gnome-session-b,4162 --session=gnome
                      └─gnome-shell,4278
                          └─xterm,11882 -e bash --noprofile --norc
                              └─bash,11884 --noprofile --norc
                                  └─pstree,11885 -a -s -l -p -u 11884

but this is expected.

BTW, a lot of environment variables could also be set before the UID change to the user; there are a lot of scripts in /etc/X11/Xsession.d and around that the X server, gdm (or whichever display manager you use), that can set environment variables.


copy pasting text in other languages from pdf

As said here: https://forums.adobe.com/message/3978297
It seems this is either a corrupted file issue or an intentional copy protection method, and there is no easy way to repair it. The suggested solution is to perform an OCR of the file in order to correct the errors and generate a new file.

I suggest downloading it again if possible.

The way to OCR the file is stated here: https://forums.adobe.com/message/3938668#3938668#3938668


How to bind the super/mod/windows key to a custom command

You can use xbindkeys
Put your command with a "release" event into ~/xbindkeysrc.
For more info, see man xbindkeys.


No display options in AMD Catalyst Center

So here is the answer on my question.

There is no more display settings in AMD Control Center. Now all display settings are in System Setting->Display, which make sense, cause all displays settings are kept separate of the driver - they are driver-independent.

The problem with resetting display settings after every reboot does not connected to the absence of display settings in AMD Control Center and seems a bug, that should be posted on launchpad.com


There's a workaround for this problem posted by Doug McMahon here:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity/+bug/1057000/comments/37

From the comment:

  To be a bit more verbose - for those looking for a tmp workaround till fixed - if no current /etc/X11/xorg.conf then create one with this in it

Section "Device"
  Identifier "NVIDIA GeForce"
  Driver "nvidia"
  Option "ConstrainCursor" "no"
EndSection

  If there already is an xorg.conf with a device section then just add a line line in the section

Option ConstrainCursor" "no"


What does this error message mean exactly?

Your script has an error; it can't handle space (' ') between characters in the path.

So, "/mnt/C/Program Files/Whatever/Comes/Next" got split up as /mnt/C/Program and then Files/Whatever/Comes/Next and together they broke the script.

Try to fix the script.


Android doesn't support mounting your phone as a USB mass storage device anymore as of Android 4.x. It's all MTP now. Installing mtp-tools should make lsusb list your device. To mount your device as a drive you have to follow a few more steps. Check this site: http://www.mysolutions.it/mounting-your-mtp-androids-sd-card-on-ubuntu/

... but that doesn't solve the mystery of your thumb drive not appearing anymore...


When you invoke the terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T a script called ~/.bashrc is run. This script might have been modified somehow to execute commands improperly and then exit without ever showing the input prompt.

My ~/.bashrc file (Ubuntu 16.04 unaltered) contains the following:

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar

# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
    # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
    # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
    # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
    color_prompt=yes
    else
    color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
  fi
fi

Using Nautilus file manager navigate to your home directory and double-click on your .bashrc file. As painful as it sounds compare your .bashrc to the one listed above for differences and fix the errors.

Alternatively it is probably safe to copy the text above and paste it over your .bashrc file. Since it's broken anyway there is nothing to lose.

There are other files: ~/.profile, ~/.bash_profile and ~/.bash_login that can also be analyzed but ~/.bashrc is the first place to start.

The terminal is an integral part of Ubuntu and Linux that 99% of users need to use occasionally and that many users require frequently. It's important to ensure Terminal works.

If you made a backup before upgrading you should restore it and repeat the upgrade because other things could be broken besides Terminal. If this is a brand new install then simply install it again with a new Ubuntu Live DVD or USB.


The /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml file only exists on systems configured by cloud-init - which is generally cloud images, not bare-metal servers installed via install media.
You can edit the contents of /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml to change your network configuration.


How do I setup multiple minicom / Cisco console server sessions without too much hassle?

Some time ago I was able to make this kind of serial to network redirection using remserial:

  Give access to a RS232 device over a network.

  The computer with the serial port connected to the device (such as a
  data aquisition device) runs the remserial program:

remserial -d -p 23000 -s "9600 raw" /dev/ttyS0 &

  This starts the program in daemon mode so that it runs in the
  background, it waits for connections on port 23000 and sets up the
  serial port /dev/ttyS0 at 9600 baud. Network connections to port 23000
  from any machine can then read and write to the device attached to the
  serial port.

  This can be started from /etc/rc.local or as an entry in /etc/inittab
  or set up as a system service with a file in /etc/rc.init/.

This is what you need:

  Server farm console control.

  Assuming multiple Linux servers (such as web servers) are set up to
  have a serial port as their console instead of a monitor/keyboard,
  their serial ports could be connected to a control server using a
  multi-port serial board. On the control server, a copy of remserial is
  run for each server:

remserial -d -p 23000 -s "115200 raw" /dev/ttyS0
remserial -d -p 23001 -s "115200 raw" /dev/ttyS1
remserial -d -p 23002 -s "115200 raw" /dev/ttyS2
remserial -d -p 23003 -s "115200 raw" /dev/ttyS3

  From any computer on the local network, use a telnet program to
  connect to the control server on the appropriate port:

telnet control-server-name 23002

  This would connect through the associated serial port to the desired
  server's console. This example would then give the user console access
  to the 3rd server.

  Careful scripting such as using the Linux "expect" program could allow
  batches of commands to be run on each server.

At the end of the page you'll find links to download a precompiled binary for i386 (32-bit) and the source code (if you're running a 64-bit OS or prefer to compile it yourself).

EDIT: To add a little automation you can install expect and write the following script:

#!/usr/bin/expect

spawn telnet 192.168.0.1
expect "Username:"
send "your-username\r"
expect "Password:"
send "your-password\r"
expect "#"            <----- prompt character ($ or #)
interact

This will automatically telnet to the host login and drop you to the prompt.


Can I close or finalize a DVD on Ubuntu?

I think that cdrecord (package now is called wodim) will do the trick.

Something like

wodim -fix

should work.


Maybe for some reasons Nautilus is configured not to display icons on your desktop.

Open a Terminal an run

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons true

to tell Nautilus to display them.


How to write documents for Read the Docs in Ubuntu 14.04

Create a folder for your project inside your /home directory or if you prefer you can create it on your desktop and give it any name (Let's say for example, Start ).
So you have to go to your created folder by typing in the terminal cd /home/username/Start.
The command cd is intended to go to the directory.
And you will make there a new directory called docs.

mkdir docs

You can also do this all in GUI. Use nautilus for this. Create a folder 'Start' and inside it create a folder named 'docs'. Of course after this you will have to go to the terminal.

4 Type: cd /home/username/Start/docs

5 sphinx-quickstart

(username = your name which you use for logging into the system)


How do new package versions find their way to the LTS distribution? (Current example: OpenSSL)

How come that new packages are only created for newer LTS distributions and older ones are left vulnerable? is simply FALSE, and let's show you how you can determine that for yourself:

First, Let's take a look at the Ubuntu CVE Tracker.

Key in your CVE number, and you will see:

The Ubuntu Security Team has already worked this issue.
Some Ubuntu releases required new packages, others did not.
The tracker includes the exact package version with the fix.

Second, lots of folks get confused by the Debian/Ubuntu concept of a snapshot release model. Under this model, the software in a single release (like 19.10 or 20.04) is NOT incremented by new releases...even most security releases.

Exceptions: There are a few exceptions, like web browsers, that always get the newest versions on older releases.

HOWEVER, "not incremented" doesn't mean "not fixed". Lots of packages get security patches after release without being upgraded to a new version. Let's say that again: Users are encouraged to update to newer packages because most users don't have the skill or patience to patch and recompile a package. Distros like Ubuntu, however, have engineers who do have that skill and patience.

It's risk management: Newer packages may introduce bugs and haven't been tested with the release, so most packages are patched instead.

Finally, let's build on those two elements and let's take a look at the example of OpenSSL in CVE-2020-1967:

The Ubuntu Security Team evaluated the vulnerability in six different releases of Ubuntu. The vulnerability was present in one of those releases.
The upstream release (for users) is version 1.1.1g
The Security Team patched the vulnerability in 20.04's package 1.1.1f. Since they added a patch instead of merging the new upstream release, they couldn't claim it was 1.1.1f anymore, nor was it 1.1.1g. It was something else, so it's called 1.1.1f-1ubuntu2. Note that the '2' in 'ubuntu2' indicates this is the third patch of that package since it came from upstream.
That labeling scheme for patches isn't accidental - it's carefully designed so you can see at a glance how many patches came from Debian, and how many from Ubuntu. Also, it's still alphanumerically sortable so apt will always correctly identify the highest version to install.
Finally, after review and testing, the patched package openssl 1.1.1f-1ubuntu2 was uploaded to 20.04 (Focal) before release. Had the patch occurred after release, it would be in the focal-security repository. This is one reason it's important to keep the -security repo in your sources, and to keep Unattended Upgrades active.


Can't Mount SSHFS via FSTAB, but can mount via CLI. How do I get FSTAB to mount properly?

Perhaps a more elegant way to do this would be to tell mount that:

this mountpoint is a network device (so it can check it)
this mountpoint shouldn't be automounted, but rather on-demand

Example:

me@svr:/movies  /MOUNTPOINT  fuse.sshfs noauto,x-systemd.automount,_netdev 0 0

From https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Sshfs


Using IPTABLES you can accomplish what you whant with to following:

Run these rules on 109.192.97.168 ( Server B )

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 109.192.97.168 -p tcp --dport 222 -j DNAT --to-d 73.85.87.81:222
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -d 73.85.87.81 -p tcp --dport 222 -j MASQUERADE
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Explanation:

You can now ssh on 109.192.97.168 on port 222 and you will be
accessing the Server A
1st rule is for redirecting the traffic designated to Server A on
port 222 to Server B on port 222
2nd rule is for MASQUERADE ( Translate the outgoing traffic to use
the IP Address of interface where the route is connected )
3rd rule is for enabling IP forward, if this isn't already enable


In my experience, such problems occur when you use re-writable cds. Obtain a live CD that is able to install ubuntu properly. Then install it on the partition that doesn't have any windows data. The installation should also install the grub, which will allow you to boot into either of your operating systems.

Even if you are not able to recover windows, you should be able to recover your files.


From the comments...

The user has ~20 GNOME Shell extensions, and one or more of them are causing serious hangs at login time. In looking at the list of extensions, some extensions even appear to be duplicates.

Recommended to turn off ALL extensions at https://extensions.gnome.org/local/ and see if the problem goes away. If it does, go back and enable 1-2 extensions at a time and see if the problem returns. This may take some time, as more than one extension could be giving problems. Because the biggest impact is at login time, you'll have to logout, and login again, to actually see if the problem(s) are solved.

This method has already proven to help solve the problem. The user just needs to narrow down the specific culprit(s). Also needs to reduce the total number of extensions.

Also, you can grep search /var/log/syslog for gnome-shell errors, as it may call out specific suspect extensions, like so...

grep -i gnome-shell /var/log/syslog*


Why does it display "Filesystem root" almost full when I have almost 35GB worth of free space?

I had a root partition report full on Mom's computer (Kubuntu 16.04).  The solution was to run:  sudo apt autoremove
In that case the update program never cleaned out the old files.  Now running 20.04, it runs fine.


What exactly does GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=text do?

13.1.9 gfxpayload

  If this variable is set, it controls the video mode in which the Linux kernel starts up, replacing the ‘vga=’ boot option (see linux). It may be set to ‘text’ to force the Linux kernel to boot in normal text mode, ‘keep’ to preserve the graphics mode set using ‘gfxmode’, or any of the permitted values for ‘gfxmode’ to set a particular graphics mode (see gfxmode).

  Depending on your kernel, your distribution, your graphics card, and the phase of the moon, note that using this option may cause GNU/Linux to suffer from various display problems, particularly during the early part of the boot sequence. If you have problems, set this variable to ‘text’ and GRUB will tell Linux to boot in normal text mode.

  The default is platform-specific. On platforms with a native text mode (such as PC BIOS platforms), the default is ‘text’. Otherwise the default may be ‘auto’ or a specific video mode.

  This variable is often set by ‘GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX’ (see Simple configuration).

But more importantly: I found the message error: no video mode activated you get on Bug 699802 and it has a possible solution:

  Decommenting #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 in /etc/default/grub actually solves the problem.
  Remember to run sudo update-grub after changing /etc/default/grub.

Also look at comment 27 and also comment 24 and 30 as interesting workarounds. Comment 30:

  Just wanted to confirm that the method for number 24 works well for people with the encrypted partition (don't bother with the uncommenting stuff). Just so anyone like myself out there doesn't have to look all over to figure out how to do simple commands (my first time ever using linux). Launch the terminal and go to the directory cd /usr/share/grub/ . Copy the font files to another directory (cp, needs sudo, and *.pft copies the three font files at once) with sudo cp *.pf2 /boot/grub then update grub with sudo update-grub.


Install older version of LAMP in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

You can use XAMPP Linux.You can download any version of xampp linux from the below mentioned official xampp site.

https://www.apachefriends.org/download.html

Enter downloaded file location using terminal.

First give certain permission for the downloaded binary file. (Assume that i downloaded 64 bit binary package.)

sudo chmod a+x xampp-linux-x64-5.6.23-0-installer.run

Then install the xampp

sudo ./xampp-linux-x64-5.6.23-0-installer.run

If you are download 32 bit binary file do below mentioned like this

sudo chmod a+x xampp-linux-5.6.23-0-installer.run

sudo ./xampp-linux-5.6.23-0-installer.run

Xampp sourceforge link below.

https://sourceforge.net/projects/xampp/files/XAMPP%20Linux/