How do I get my right- and middle-click back?

I solved this problem by using synclient.

synclient ClickPad=0 # Even though I'm using a clickpad, this
                     # setting inhibits multi-finger click.
synclient ClickFinger3=2 # Add the 3-finger click in order to
                         # middle click.

Everything now works as it should.


You could try using incron to trigger the script whenever the cups log changes.


LibreOffice 4.1 Start Center does not show in Lubuntu

Figured out how to get the Start Center and Math/Formulas app to show in the office menu shortcuts by using the Menu Editor under the start menu > system tools > Menu Editor. From there, I have been able to add/make not hidden these missing shortcuts from the office start menu.

For anyone that is having this issue, please check your Menu Editor or install one to be able to do so.

The Menu Editor that I have on Lubuntu is: MenuLibre v13.01.4 launchpad.net/menulibre


SAMBA server does not show up as media system but is accessible

Samba is not a media server. It is a file server used mostly for Windows.

You need to install some real media server to be able to use it the way you want.


How to complete installation of flash plugin?

Try reinstalling it like this: sudo apt-get install --reinstall flashplugin-installer.

PS: You may also consider ditching flash in view of the recent discoveries.


Why does `kill %jobnumber` not work on stopped jobs?

There is couple of things to point out here:

kill without any arguments sends a SIGTERM signal to the desired process or job identifier.
SIGTERM can be ignored by the process receiving it.
A process which has been stopped (revived a SIGSTOP for example using Ctrl+z) can't do anything (saving a file, etc).

When you run kill without an argument on a process which needs specefic steps to get closed but cant (because it's stopped) it does not response to the SIGTERM and ignores it. at the other hand SIGKILL can not be ignored so it kills the process. that's why a command like sleep can be terminated with kill %1 just fine but a program like nano can not.


A warning first: Windows does not like it if you mess with its partitions, particularly from outside Windows itself.  The safest way to do it is as you've already done, so I think you're in good shape to go further.  However, a bit more information will help: Is Windows on the first partition?  If so, leave it there!  Do not even think about moving or resizing the Windows partition!

That is, if I understand correctly what you did.  You installed Linux next to Windows, right?  So you now have two partitions, right?

If Windows is in the first partition, the rest is pretty easy.  Using GParted you can create all the remaining partitions.  Is Linux already in a 100 GB partition?  If not, boot from the Linux live CD (or DVD) and choose to try it, not install it.  When you get to the desktop, you can run GParted and resize the Linux partition as you need; do not touch the Windows partition!  If it isn't already there, go ahead and add the Linux swap partition, too.  You can then divide the empty part of the drive as you'd like; if you want to have a partition available to all the OSes, you should probably format that partition with NTFS (to make Windows happy with it), and leave the partition destined for a future installation of OSX unformatted for now.

Remember, do it all from a Live CD or DVD, and don't mess with the Windows partition at all.  If you do move the Linux partition, you'll probably need to reinstall Grub, but that's easy and instructions are easy to find here in AskUbuntu.com, but it would also be a good idea to boot back into Linux (not from the Live CD or DVD) and use the instructions here to get and install Boot Repair, which can also reinstall Grub if needed.


You can copy your VMs filesystems to a file if you want to, but as Mr Buxton says is in his comment, it isn't certain that you'll be able to use it on your own system anyway. It might not boot properly on your physical machine or another hypervisor.

And a plain Ubuntu Server install doesn't use 4-500MB RAM per se. Linux will try to not waste any memory if it can, and some memory will show up as being in use, but that doesn't mean the memory is blocked. To Linux, "free" means "wasted". You'll have no problems running Ubuntu Server with 64MB RAM, for instance. A VPS hosting company will often want to go to rather extreme lengths to reduce the memory use because of things like ballooning, which means you can have more virtual machines using the same amount of physical RAM, etc and then oversell the hardware. As a normal user, you really don't want to do that.


According to this resource, FireFox version 77 is not yet due for release until early June 2020 and so the version installed in in beta.

The solution was to downgrade to a supported version (the OP downgraded to v59) using this resource and that solved the problem


You may have more than one "Dock" extension enabled, e.g., Dash to Dock and Ubuntu Dock.


LXDE: gracefully logout instead of killing all running applications

AFAIK, no. But keep in mind this is a minimalist DE for a reason. Apparently, its Makers declared such features too bloaty. They might be right though.

UNIX already allows for the graceful closing of child processes through SIGTERM. Unresponsive children can be killed immediately with SIGKILL. Sensible DEs follow this design, sending SIGTERM, then following up with SIGKILL only when necessary. Some applications, like libreoffice, do not follow this design and shut down immediately when they receive SIGTERM, even if there are unsaved documents. The Makers rightfully consider this a problem with libreoffice and not with their session manager.

Closing all clients of an X11 session gracefully can be more complicated than just sending alt-f4 to all windows. For instance, if you have multiple firefox windows open and you send alt-f4 to all at the same time, the windows will close individually, in a random order. When firefox starts up again, only the last window to close will open again. Thus SIGTERM is actually the right signal to send to the firefox process if you want all windows to start up again in their previous state.

For reasons I don't understand, most interactive shells don't respond to SIGTERM, so xfce4-terminal and many others will just send SIGKILL to their clients. The result is that terminals generally respond very badly to alt-f4. The only way to ensure there is no data loss is if each terminal is closed individually, with the user judging whether there is a task in the terminal that must be completed before closing it.

That said, if you find alt-f4 to be appropriate for gracefully closing all applications you use on a day-to-day basis, it should be fairly easy for you to write a simple script that sends an alt-f4 to all running windows. The relevant X11 event is WM_DELETE_WINDOW. There's some information here on how you might write such a script. It is even possible to filter out the troublesome clients, like firefox and terminals. Now imagine the Herculean task of maintaining such a script for all X11 applications people are likely to use and you can see why most DEs opt for the UNIX-style SIGTERM, SIGKILL approach.


How do I get the touchscreen on an HP L5006tm working?

I simply installed the xserver-xorg-input-elographics package from the repos. Once that was installed my screen magically began to work.


Create a copy of your theme in ~/.themes, e.g. for the Ambiance theme

cp -r /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/ ~/.themes
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER ~/.themes

And customize ~/.themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/gtk-main.css

Start gnome-tweak-tool and select your theme.


How to make php webpage to access the file in /root directory?

I will forget about the security implications of doing this and will go down to business:

If you have done ls -l /var/www and ls -l /root you would have noticed that both has different permissions:

$ ls -l /root/cr.txt
total 2
-rw-r-----  1 root root    0 Jul  9 01:28 cr.txt
$ ls -l /var/www
total 2
-rw-r--r--  1 www-data www-data    0 Jul  9 01:28 somefile

The /root is only readable for root, while /var/www is readable by www-data user. Now, if you check apache process you will notice that it's running using the www-data user.

$ ps aux | grep apache
www-data    5133  0.0  0.2   6512  1208 ?    R+   10:04   0:00 apache

Now, you are trying to make apache running with the www-data user read the file. You can take three courses of action:

Move the file to /var/www and change it's permissions so www-data users can read it.

mv /root/cr.txt /var/www/
chown www-data:www-data /var/www/cr.txt

This is the preferable method.
Create a symlink to the file in the /var/www directory:

ln -s /root/cr.txt /var/www/

This won't ensure that your file is being read, in some cases.
This is dangerous and should not be done! Add the www-data user to the root group, or change the file ownership so it could be read by www-data users:

chown :www-data /root/cr.txt
## Or
sudo adduser www-data root

This shouldn't be done if you don't understand the risks!


Building an SSH Tunnel using Windows Services for Linux

The problem has to do with, by default, the system wanting to use IPv6.  If you force to IPv4 it will work.  Try one of these options:

ssh -L 127.0.0.1:3390:192.168.1.235:3389 srv.my.org

OR

ssh -L 0.0.0.0:3390:192.168.1.235:3389 srv.my.org


Yes I would think it is trying to make the output throw your HDMI Cable as default.
Try to change the soundcard settings.


See https://translations.launchpad.net/ubuntu

Ubuntu itself is a project on Launchpad which is a software collaboration platform.

For example Arabic, You have to choose the projects belongs to Ubuntu only like Unity & Ubiquity (which do not have upstream development like Nautilus - Gnome project).


Apache Tomcat webapps have to use a proxy

please check if those catalina opts are loaded and where.
It's safer to use java_opts , or create an environment variables JAVA_OPTS with that value "-Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 ".
Also make sure you know what JRE is used. Sometimes tomcat loads one of his own.
I used it in both ways and it worked. You can also setup the proxy dynamically at runtime, but that is nasty.

Cheers, Nicu


What causes this ?

See the crash report that is dumped on your disk. The directory you want is /var/crash/ and it will contain several files pointing you to the package it is about and what the crash is.

This directory is described as:

  /var/crash : System crash dumps (optional)

  This directory holds system crash dumps. As of the date of this release of the standard, system crash dumps were not supported under
  Linux but may be supported by other systems which may comply with the
  FHS.

Ubuntu releases use this (optional) directory to dump crashes and the package that does that is called apport (and whoopsie). The link has a detailed description and also has a PDF that describes the crash report data format.

If you want really detailed reports on a crash install GDB: The GNU Project Debugger with sudo apt-get install gdb.

  How to get rid of it ?

Depends on what you call "get rid". The ideal fix would be to check what is inside the reports, and try and find a fix for it. If the package it is about is unneeded or benign you could also purge it. Most times it is a core functionality though.

If you can not understand those crash reports most times you can google the error notice (there will always be one in there). Or drop a message in chat. Generally crashes are off topic on AU as those are bugs and would need to be reported (through this service ;) ).

You can pick any of these to remove the crash report up to actually removing the package (would be rather ironic if the error comes from apport itself):

sudo rm /var/crash/* will delete old crashes and stop informing you about them until some package crashes again.
You can stop the service with sudo systemctl disable apport (and enable it again with sudo systemctl enable apport)
If you do not want to see crash reports you can disable it by doing sudo vim /etc/default/apport  and changingenabled=1 to enabled=0. (or sudo nano /etc/default/apport). Editing it in reverse will enable it again.
You can delete the service with sudo apt purge apport (and install it again with sudo apt install apport)
And there is also a desktop method (option "problem reporting":

how to read and use crash reports? has some interesting answers. It has an example crash report and a method to retrace crashes.


How can I build `ungoogled-chromium` from source on Ubuntu 18.04?

Firstly, if you don't want to build from source they provide binaries already built for Ubuntu 18.04:

https://ungoogled-software.github.io/ungoogled-chromium-binaries/

Instructions for building are available from:

https://github.com/Eloston/ungoogled-chromium/blob/master/docs/building.md#debian-and-its-derivatives

This specifies that you can build LLVM 7 and don't need to install LLVM 8 to build for Ubuntu Bionic (18.04)

Building should be as simple as:

sudo apt install packaging-dev python3 ninja-build

# Run from inside the clone of the repository
mkdir -p build/src

./get_package.py PACKAGE_TYPE_HERE build/src/debian
cd build/src

# Use dpkg-checkbuilddeps (from dpkg-dev) or mk-build-deps (from devscripts) to check for additional packages.
# If necessary, change the dependencies in debian/control to accommodate your environment.
# If necessary, modify AR, NM, CC, and CXX variables in debian/rules
debian/rules setup-local-src
dpkg-buildpackage -b -uc


Right click on window's title bar (or Alt + Space) and select "always on top".
Actually, it will let your window be on top of all other windows which haven't got this option selected.


No Track info after burning CD on Banshee

This is the expected result.

When you insert a CD, Banshee tries to get track information from a number of online sources (e.g. MusicBrainz). If it can't identify your CD, you get "Unknown" instead.

Adding the track information within Banshee will not make a difference, because you have not changed the online databases. If the CD is not an officially produced CD, then there's nothing you can do about this. However if it is a published CD, you can add the metadata to MusicBrainz. One way to do this is to install Sound Juicer Audio CD Extractor from the Software Centre and following the instructions.


Assuming you launch your Java JAR using java -jar cooljar.jar, you could use this script:

#!/bin/bash

launch_jars() {
    for i in {1..17} ; do
        java -jar cooljar.jar &
        sleep 7
    done
}

while 1 ; do
    launch_jars
    sleep 3h
    killall -u surge java
    sleep 3h
done

This defines the function launch_jars which launches the same JAR file 17 times in a row with a delay of 7 seconds in between.

It will run an infinite loop of calling that function, waiting 3 hours, killing all java processes of user surge and waiting 3 more hours.

Copy the script and save it using a text editor like gedit as e.g. jar-launcher.sh. Then make it executable by running the terminal command

chmod +x jar-launcher.sh

You can then run the script. To abort it, hit Ctrl+C.


How can I install Postfix 2.10 on Ubuntu 12.04

Try to update your Postfix manually.
Read the instructions on: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/svn/server/postfix.html


https://sigmaoctantis.wordpress.com/2015/07/07/kinect-installation-in-ubuntu-14-10/comment-page-1/#comment-11

This guide works. try to follow its steps. If you are having trouble just recognizing the unit, what happens when you type lsusb  do you see any Xbox? you should see 3 lines


basic security tools and packages that should be installed on a public facing web server

It's about process and policy as well as tools. I think you need a more holistic approach such as those outlined in the CIS benchmarks. I would consult the new Ubuntu one just released as well as the Apache one if you'll be running Apache as your web server.

Ubuntu CIS Benchmark

https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/downloads/show-single/?file=ubuntu1204.100

Apache CIS Benchmark

https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/downloads/show-single/?file=apache24.110


no internet with a Realtec RTL 8111/8168B chip set

I recommend that you find and install the r8168 driver from Realtek. The latest version is 8.028.


Yes, in some strange cases it may ask you for the login (which is a bug).

But if it does, try using:

user: ubuntu, password: ubuntu

or

user: ubuntu, password: (blank password)

(note that both the login and password are case-sensitive).


How to fix: screen saver greys out but does not turn off the screen after update?

No more problem, after some update I think.


apache2-mpm-worker missing in Ubuntu 16.04

There is no apache2-mpm-worker package because the mpm_worker module is included by default when you install Apache on 16.04. It is contained in the apache2-bin package that is a dependency of apache2:

> dpkg -L apache2-bin | grep mpm
/usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_mpm_event.so
/usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so
/usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_mpm_worker.so

mpm_event is enabled by default, so to enable mpm_worker:

sudo a2dismod mpm_event
sudo a2enmod mpm_worker
sudo service apache2 restart


From the screenshot we see that there are 17GB of unpartitioned space at the end of the drive. We see that there is only the swap partition (/dev/sda9) between the / (/dev/sda8) partition you want to grow and the free space. So we can do this in few simple steps, even from your running system without having to boot from a live disk:

Launch gparted.
Unmount the swap partition (/dev/sda9) by right-clicking on it and selecting Swapoff from the context menu.
Move the swap partition (/dev/sda9) to the end of the drive.

Therefore right-click on it and select Resize/Move. In the appearing dialogue simply grab the block in the graphical visualization with your mouse cursor and drag it to the right border, so that finally the Free space following (MiB) shows a value of 0 (or maybe a bit more, depending on the alignment). Then click the Resize/Move button to confirm.

You will get a warning that moving partitions can lead to data loss. Confirm it if you can stand the risk (because you have backups that are up to date). But as we're only moving the swap partition, nothing should happen anyway.

Then the moving task will be added to the queue, but not executed yet. We're doing that later.
Enlarge your / (/dev/sda8) partition.

Therefore right-click on it and select Resize/Move. In the appearing dialogue simply grab the block's right border in the graphical visualization with your mouse cursor and drag it to the right border, so that finally the Free space following (MiB) and the Free space preceding (MiB) show a value of 0 (or maybe a bit more, depending on the alignment). Then click the Resize/Move button to confirm.

Then the resizing task will also be added to the queue, but not executed yet. That's what we're doing now.
Confirm that in the lower section of the GParted window you see exactly (and only) those two tasks:

  Move /dev/sda9 to the right
  Grow /dev/sda8 from 19GB to 37GB.

If this is the case, click the green tick button in the toolbar that says Apply all operations.

Another confirmation dialogue will pop up where you click Apply to continue.
GParted will start its work now. Wait until it's done.
Reactivate your swap partition (/dev/sda9) by right-clicking on it and selecting Swapon from the context menu.

As you did not delete the partition but just move it, both its /dev/sda8 name and its UUID remained the same and Ubuntu will still recognize it on boot without any further configuration.
Finally you can exit GParted. Finished.


How to increase Ubuntu partition on AWS?

Apparently the only thing I was to do, is to issue a command

sudo resize2fs /dev/xvda1

It worked on mounted root partition. Now I am not sure if my steps of detaching and attaching volume to secondary instance were required....


Error : Could not resolve archive.ubuntu.com

Try this.
Add the following line to /etc/apt/apt.conf

If the file doesn't exist create one.

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://yourproxyaddress:proxyport";

Replace yourproxyaddress and proxyport appropriately.

or

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://user:pwd@yourproxyaddress:proxyport";

if authentication is required.


There are three possibilities:

Your Hard Drive is not plugged in all the way - Very likely
Your Hard Drive is not enabled in BIOS - Likely
Your Hard Drive has no partition table - Likely
Your Hard Drive is broken - Likely
Your Hard Drive connector and/or socket is broken - Not Likely

Fixing #1:

Plug in your hard drive all the way

Fixing #2:

Go muck around in BIOS until you enable your hard drive

Fixing #3:

Boot to LiveCD
Run command in console: ls /dev/ | grep sd
If there's a result, continue. If no result, #4 or #5.
Use gParted to make new partition sector

Fixing #4:

Plug Hard Drive into other PC and see if it works.
If yes, #5. If no, HDD is broken (or #3).

Fixing #5:

Your hardware broke, bud. No way to fix this.


How do I reset an ICC profile in Ubuntu?

Open the System Settings:

Click on Color under the Hardware section.

Add a new profile, or select a different profile if your messed up profile is selected and there is a default profile for your device. If not you can add one of a number of Test profiles that should give you a good starting point. Example for my device the D65 test profile was nearly identical to the default. (side note: you can only "Calibrate" with a external color sensor device.)


These are pretty useful.

VS Code
Sublime Text

If you are looking for an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), then you have other choices.
Write back and tell us what kind of editing you'll need to do.


User B in User A's group, cant traverse dir that belongs to group A

Had to log out and log in again as user_b before being a part of group user_a took effect.


Simply Hold The shift key right after the machine splash screen.
please clarify your question if my answer isnt helping


Ubuntu server: How to pipe / scroll through search results of a certain command

You can use | more  For example

ls -la | more

It shows the top bit of the results and you can then use space or the down arrow to navigate downwards.   Similarly, use it with any other command that produces too much for you to see at once.

For a bigger screen experience though, consider SSHing into the guest OS.


What is the rationale for where exactly "Ubuntu" is placed in the browser user agent string?

To answer your question... There is no rationale.

There is no consistent set of rules for formatting of the User Agent string that browser vendors or package maintainers are following.  So, no web site can rely on that string for accurate information when serving a page.

The problem you describe is caused by a poor development practice at the sites, not an error in the UA string.

ref: http://www.sitepoint.com/why-browser-sniffing-stinks/


How to have wget entire set of text data?

One option would be to use lynx as described in this answer to a similar question.
You may have to install lynx and you will have to enable the Universe repository:
sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt update
sudo apt install lynx

and then run it with the dump option like this:
lynx -dump https://example.com

To save this text to a file, you can pipe the output to tee like this:
lynx -dump https://example.com | tee filename.txt

This should dump the entire text of the page. Although there may be some unrelated text, the text you desire should be included without all the fancy code.

Another option would be to:

go to the web page in your web browser
double click on any word in the text portion of the page
press CTRL+a to select all of the text
press CTRL+c to copy the text
then paste the text into a text editor or a word document or wherever

One thing to make this option more easy would be to view the Google webcache "text only" version of the page.
From there, you can then use the method of copy and paste as described above.
To search for the Google webcache version of the page (if one exists) use the following URL syntax:
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:URL&strip=1&vwsrc=0

and replace "URL" with the actual URL of the page.
For example, to view the text only version of the example.com page, you would use the following URL:
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:https://example.com&strip=1&vwsrc=0


Can a PPA be added to an Ubuntu repo mirror?

I am successfully using apt-mirror to mirror PPAs.

https://apt-mirror.github.io/

Simply add lines like:

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/byobu/ppa/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/byobu/ppa/ubuntu precise main

And then run sudo apt-mirror.

To /etc/apt/mirror.list.


Get video length in hours:minutes:seconds round result to second

Use awk:

awk -F: '{printf "%02d:%02d:%02d\n",$1,$2,$3}'

or if you want to check the format before conversion to prevent errors:

awk -F: '/^[0-9]+:[0-9]+:[0-9]+/ {printf "%02d:%02d:%02d\n",$1,$2,$3}'

$ ffprobe -v error -show_entries format=duration -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 -sexagesimal 'video file.mp4' | awk -F: '{printf "%02d:%02d:%02d\n",$1,$2,$3}'
00:33:29


The screenshot author shared his style configuration:

Theme: GrayDay
Window frame: modified zukini
Wallpaper - Farsighted


Ubuntu Server 12.04.3 LTS No Internet connection

well i unplugged the Ethernet cable and my ethernet socket was still a solid orange so i unplugged it from the surge protector and rebooted and it now works, not sure what happened but it working, wondering if my network adapter is going out, I'll keep it under check


You don't need to update to 14.04, Ubuntu 12.04 will be supported until 2017.

Technically, 12.04.3 is no longer supported, since it has (since February) been superseded by 12.04.4. That's nothing to worry about, since that last digit just signifies the service release, which (basically) only matters when installing a new system. Any currently installed Ubuntu 12.04 with all the latest updates automatically is a 12.04.4.


Rhythmbox sound cuts, cracks when other programs are running

Not running the pulseaudio equalizer are you?? (http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=789578)

I found many of the presets were just too much for the soundcard, levels or the headphones I was using and crackled insistantly.


Try these commands to build from source the version you want.

wget -P ~/Desktop "ftp.fr.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/openssh-5.3.tar.gz"
cd ~/Desktop
gtar -xzvf openssh-5.3.tar.gz
cd /ssh/ssh
make


How do you reset your password for thunderbird?

To remove existing passwords, go to edit > preferences, click on the security icon. Then the "passwords" tab, the "saved passwords" button, in the next window: "show passwords"

In the list of accounts and passwords, select your password and choose "remove" (down left)

However, something else seems to be wrong. If the password is incorrect, you were probably offered to enter a new password. If the password is rejected again and you are sure it is correct, you should check the server settings.

Settings should be like this:

Also check if IMAP is enabled in your Gmail account (on the Gmail webmail website), although that is unlikely to be the problem.

See also this reference


Do you have try to Reseting the SMC ?

The SMC is System Management Controller

Try :

Shutdown your MacBook.
Connect the power adapter.
Hold Shift+Control+Option and the Power button at the same time.
Release all the keys at the same time.
Let your MacBook boot up as usual and the SMC will be reset.

If SMC Reset doesn't work, try Reseting PRAM/NVRAM.

The PRAM is Parameter RAM and NVRAM is Non-Volatile RAM.

PRAM/NVRAM hold information about various USB components. Resetting them could be the solution to your USB woes.

So try this :

Shutdown your Mac.
Restart it, holding down Command+Option (ALT)+P+R as you do.
Hold down the keys until you hear a sound and see the screen flash.
Listen for the chime sound and let the Mac boot up as usual.

Voilà !


CUDA 6.5, Mathematica 10.0.2, and Ubuntu 14.04

I figured it out.

The library file libcuda.so was in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu

I just created a sym link there and Mathematica was able to find it and it is working fine now.


Cannot rename Windows partition on dual-boot machine

Okay, I finally got it working. I'm not sure what it was, but a complete un-and-reinstall fixed it.

Note: I'd recommend trying to repair your Ubuntu installation before going through all of this, which can be done by running from a Live USB without having to delete the Ubuntu partitions or GRUB. It's a much simpler process. I'm only posting all this because I tried that first and it didn't work.

Steps I took:

Boot into Windows.
Delete Ubuntu's partitions (type 'partition' in the search and it should come up; make sure you only delete ones that Windows says it
didn't create/doesn't recognize).
Create a Windows recovery drive (again, type 'recovery' into the search and there should be an option that says "create a recovery
drive). I used a USB thumbdrive for this step.
Reboot your computer, and spam the key your motherboard uses to start setup (in my case, this was Del,
but it could also be Esc or one of the function keys.). This part may require some trial and error, but it shouldn't
be too hard to figure out after a couple restarts.
Once in your BIOS/UEFI, change the boot order to have USB drives at the top. There should be an abundance of videos on YouTube to help
with this, but just in case, here's a helpful article.
Save and exit the BIOS/UEFI (usually F10).
Your computer should boot into the recovery environment stored on the USB you set up. I have Windows 10, but the process should be more
or less the same for other versions: go to Troubleshoot > Advanced >
Command Prompt, and enter bootrec.exe /fixmbr.
After Step 7, both Ubuntu and GRUB (the screen that lets you choose between booting into Ubuntu or Windows) should both be gone.
At this point, you can re-install Ubuntu from a Live USB, etc. as
normal.

Source I used (in case my instructions are unclear):

Uninstall Linux and GRUB from Windows 8 Dual-Boot

Note: I did this on a Windows 10 dual-boot system, but the process is almost identical.

After all this is completed and Ubuntu is set up again, simply search for "Disk" in the Dash, unmount the partition/drive you're trying to rename (click the "stop" square), then right-click and select "edit filesystem". Rename the drive and enter your password to authenticate.


Ubuntu blocked on startup due to never ending script on startup

Press CTRL+ALT+F1 to access tty1. Once in tty1, login with your username and password. Then you can use Nano remove the offending lines. After you have removed them, do:

sudo shutdown -r now

P.S. Your problem is probably that you didn't put & after the command to run the script.


Your big problem is that you only have 2G RAM. Best to add more RAM if possible.
In the mean time, let's modify your current swap setup. We change from using a 2G swap partition, to a 4G /swapfile. And we modify vm.swappiness to increase swapping.
/swapfile
First we create a 4G /swapfile...
Note: Incorrect use of the dd command can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
In the terminal...
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

Note: or sudo swapoff /dev/sda3 and skip the sudo rm...
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=4096

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm 2G RAM and 4G swap

Now edit /etc/fstab, using sudo -H gedit /etc/fstab or sudo pico /etc/fstab.
Add this /swapfile line at the end of /etc/fstab (use spaces, not tabs)...
/swapfile  none  swap  sw  0  0

Then save the file and...
reboot                    # reboot and verify operation

2G swap partition
sudo swapon -s may still show /dev/sda3 as your swap.
sudo swapoff /dev/sda3 # disable disk partition swap
Use gparted to delete /dev/sda3.
reboot
vm.swappiness
Then we increase swapping...
Now edit /etc/sysctl.conf, using sudo -H gedit /etc/sysctl.conf or sudo pico /etc/sysctl.conf.
Add vm.swappiness=80 to the end of /etc/sysctl.conf and reboot.
Finally...
Confirm that this is all working with these commands...
free -h or swapon -s
and confirm 4G /swapfile.
And...
sysctl vm.swappiness should show 80.


Arrow Keys Disable Touchpad/Mapped To Shortcuts

I faced same problem on my Acer desktop. It is actually a hardware static energy issue.

I solved my problem by shutting down the PC. I unplugged the CPU power cable and pressed the power button for 10 sec. After restart it worked fine.

If you're using a laptop it may be required to remove the battery and power adapter cord and than press the power button!


How to copy files from Ubuntu18.04 drive to Windows drive?

It's possible that Windows left the disk in a strange state, and it got mounted "read-only". In a terminal window, you can use:

mount | grep "Honey King"

to see if it IS ro.

Then, to make it rw, or to see interesting error messages:

sudo mount -o remount,rw "/media/$USER/Honey King"


How to convert current ubuntu system to a bootable iso?

Ubuntu is portable also as an installed system, unless you have installed proprietary drivers (for example for graphics and wifi). This makes it possible to clone with Clonezilla (or make a compressed image, that can be installed into other computers) as suggested by George.

But if you want to use the systems in the same LAN, and if you want to have separate user IDs, you can make an OEM install with your extra program packages installed. After cloning the OEM will let you make individual systems.

See this link: OEM Installation

-o-

It is possible but much more complicated to create a custom iso file.


dconf usage in shell scripts for GVariant

The OP posted a solution in his question:

1st solution:

dconf write <PATH> "$list"              #ok

2nd solution:

eval dconf write <PATH> $list           #ok


From the cp manpage:

--preserve[=ATTR_LIST]
       preserve the specified attributes (default: mode,ownership,time‐
       stamps), if  possible  additional  attributes:  context,  links,
       xattr, all

-p     same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps

In other words, it will preserve more metadata than it would by default.


Responding to SSH only... yes, you can keep your keys.

I can't think of any topic on which to expound about that, though. It is straight forward: if your username is karthick, then the keys are located in a hidden directory here:

/home/karthick/.ssh

or

~/.ssh

The id_rsa.pub file contains the public key used to authenticate. But there are other files to keep - all of them, really, such as known_hosts for example. The MOST IMPORTANT is id_rsa (note the lack of .pub) as this is your private key. Back up each user. For example, if you set up SSH for root, get /root/.ssh as well. And so on for as many accounts as you have for this reason.


On the computer with the USB printer attached (sys1) , point your browser at http://localhost:631/admin (use your login userid and password, if prompted) and look at the Server settings: part of the page.

Ensure that there are checks in the checkboxes labelled Share printers connected to this system, Allow printing from the Internet, and maybe Allow remote administration,Allow users to cancel any job (not just their own) and Save debugging information for troubleshooting, depending on your circumstances.

On the other system (sys2), after you've verified connectivity with ping -c 5 sys1, browse (to sys2's localhost) to http://localhost:631/admin, and click on Find New Printers in the upper left part of the page.


Ubuntu OS on SSD and RAID-5 for data files

So you have four disks, one SSD that stands alone, and three 3TB drives in a RAID5 set. It sounds like you won't be doing much on your home directory, with your web, media, plex, etc. on the RAID array. So I would install the OS (root) and swap on the SSD and then mount the RAID device on a directory and carve it up into your requisite subdirectories. That way, you have the speed of the ssd for the OS, but you have the protection of RAID for the web, media, etc. files.


This question really can't be answered in any real way. Really, it's a matter of preference and opinion.

Each person is going to have their own reasons for sticking with Ubuntu. Personally, I just love how configurable and customizable everything is. Don't like Unity (the default Ubuntu desktop)? Use Gnome Shell, KDE, LXDE, etc, etc. Don't like Gedit? Install Kate, Geany, or one of the many other text editors available. Want to log in with a USB drive? Install pamusb. And, while every program has its own configuration options, the vast majority of them are configured via simple text files and have more options than you'd ever need.

My first experience with Linux in general was with Knoppix STD (Security Tools Distribution). I loved how I was able to directly access a disk device and, say, wipe a bootloader or whatever.

But, in my opinion, the true power of Ubuntu (or Linux in general) is the out-of-the box functionality. Bash beats the hell out of the Windows command prompt by far. If you've ever tried to write a .BAT file, you know how ungodly difficult is. Bash is much more intuitive and far more flexible than the Windows command line. Tools like sed, awk, and other tools make scripting and text file editing and modification a breeze once you learn how to use them. You just don't get tools like these on Windows.

Finally, my favorite thing about Ubuntu when I first started using it was the fact that pretty much everything you'd ever want to install was all available from one central location (Synaptic at the time, before the Software Center). This meant I didn't have to vet the trustworthiness of this program I was going to install. If it's in the Software Center, it's not spyware/a virus/going to harm my computer.

Speaking of viruses, most people can identify with the lack of viruses. I'm not saying that Linux is not susceptible to viruses, just far less so than Windows. Part of this is due to the security structure of Unix-like OSes. The other part of this equation is that, unlike Windows, a user might be running Gnome or KDE, or Firefox, Chrome or Konqueror. They could be using Evolution or Thudnerbird, or something else. In general, there's just too much variety in Linux for a virus/worm to be able to propagate reliably. Compare this to Windows where there's a very good chance people use the Windows shell (since it's a part of the kernel), Outlook, IE, etc. Since most Windows users use the same subset of programs, it makes them all more vulnerable to the same viruses.

I mean, I could go on for a long time about why Ubuntu and Linux is better than Windows. This is the tip of the iceberg. If you have a more specific question regarding a certain area that you're curious about I'll be sure to fill it in for you.


Why do I have to turn on wifi by commands every time Ubuntu starts?

Make sure the wifi is on and working then run the following command to blacklist the module.

echo "blacklist ideapad-laptop" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Reboot.


R is a system for statistical computation and graphics. It consists of a language plus a runtime environment with graphics, a debugger, access to certain system functions, and the ability to run programs stored in script files.

The core of R is an interpreted computer language which allows branching and looping as well as modular programming using functions. Additionally, several thousand extension "packages" are available from CRAN, the Comprehensive R Archive Network, many also as Debian packages, named r-cran-<name>. For R an extension (library) R Commander exists, which brings a GUI to perform most things that Minitab is capable of.

To install R and RStudio in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install r-base libopenblas-base libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 libgstreamer0.10-0 libjpeg62
cd ~/Downloads
wget -c --tries=3 --timeout=120 https://download1.rstudio.org/rstudio-xenial-1.1.419-amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./rstudio-xenial-1.1.379-amd64.deb


When you install through Boutique, it is queued, it allows you to queue several packages. But you have to tell it to start install after you selected all packages you want.

On the right top is a button "Bulk Queue", press it, it will show you all that is queued. Then press "Apply changes"


close the terminal without terminating the process

For 1. you need to send your running process to the background and remove the associated job from current shell.

Press Ctrl+Z and type bg to send the installation process to the backgroud
then type disown.

You can now close the terminal, the process will still be alive. You can open another terminal and check its process id with ps -aef

In my case the process id is 14426. Unfortunately there's no easy way to reattach it to another terminal (See How to attach terminal to detached process?) unless you used something based on screen.

For 2. You can use the following command:

while kill -0 14426 >/dev/null 2>&1; do sleep 5 ; done ; echo "ok"

It will print ok when the process is over from an other terminal. You can of course change this echo command with something more complex.

Source: BASH: launch background process and check when it ends


ext4 to btrfs conversion: how long can it take? space requirements?

btrfs-convert will create a snapshot (named ext2_saved) of the existing file system as a backup. It's hard to predict how much disk space the snapshot is going to take because btrfs is CoW...

I've converted a / for Oracle Linux 6.3 x86_64 before, it takes less than 10 mins because the file system is relatively small (data is stored on separate logical volumes). It was smooth, no issue.

In your case, the HDD has more than 1.8T data and little space left, no idea how long it is going to take (the snapshot may only use little space because the file system hasn't changed since the conversion). If iotop shows it's still running, leave it.

Only few people know what happens if you interrupt the convertion, try the btrfs mailing list;-)

Recommended readings:

https://blogs.oracle.com/wim/entry/btrfs_root_and_yum_update

5.4.6. Converting an Ext2, Ext3, or Ext4 File System to a Btrfs File System


Broadcom STA Wireless Driver failed install

try to install "linux-headers":

Check what kernel version you are running:

uname -r
install the right headers (if your version if a -generic):

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic

Easiest to accomplish by plugging an Ethernet cable. Otherwise download and do as stated there: http://cross-lfs.org/view/svn/x86_64-64/final-system/linux-headers.html.

Here's a little more details: After upgrading to Ubuntu 12.04, my Broadcom STA Wireless driver is not working


Is it safe to install libstdc++6:i386 on machine which already has libstdc++6:amd64?

I haven't actually done this myself, but I'm guessing no, it won't. To see why I'm guessing this, run locate libstdc++.


My computer boots to a black screen with blinking cursor on the top left

This can happen quite often after a hardware change with quick boot enabled. This skips the hardware check.
Try to disable quick boot in bios, then restart. After successful boot, you can enable quick boot again.


Make the zoom slider of Microsoft Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000 and 7000 scroll up and down, in 14.04 (Trusty)

Ubuntu 15.10: I had no success with previous answers.

I have successfully used approach similar to the previous ones - instructions were mentioned in /lib/udev/hwdb.d/60-keyboard.hwdb.

I've created new hwdb file using sudo nano /etc/udev/hwdb.d/70-keyboard.hwdb
containing:

# Microsoft Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000 - remap zoom in/out to page up/down
evdev:input:b0003v045Ep00DB*
 KEYBOARD_KEY_c022d=pageup
 KEYBOARD_KEY_c022e=pagedown

after that I've run

sudo udevadm hwdb --update
sudo udevadm control --reload

and replugged the keyboard and it worked.

For model 7000 use
evdev:input:b003v045Ep071D*


Wireless not working on Dell Latitude E6400 with Ubuntu 14.04.2

If you have internet access through wired ethernet, run these commands:

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

If you don't have internet access, then download the following on another computer and copy it to your E6400 in the home folder (/home/your_username/):

b43-fwcutter 32-bit package or 64-bit package depending on your OS.
b43-firmware broadcom-wl-5.100.138.tar.bz2.

Then execute the following commands in the terminal:

$ cd ~
$ sudo dpkg -i b43-fwcutter*
$ tar xfvj broadcom-wl-5.100.138.tar.bz2
$ sudo b43-fwcutter -w /lib/firmware broadcom-wl-5.100.138/linux/wl_apsta.o

Once you are done, don't forget to restart your computer.

Reference: Ubuntu Broadcom WifiDocs


How can I verify whether my OpenPGP key revocation was uploaded successfully?

Just check an arbitrary server in the key server network. To specify a key, remember to prefix the key ID with 0x (which is expected by the SKS key server software for denoting key IDs). For example, my own key is found by searching for 0xa4ff2279.

If your revocation certificate is not visible (yet), don't worry: while the key servers synchronize with each other, this process takes some time. Usually in the range of minutes, but it could also take some hours sometimes. If you're not under time pressure, just check back tomorrow.


Kubuntu 18.10 doesn't remember dual display settings after reboot (desktop computer)

Have you, you know, considered reporting this issue to Ubuntu, instead of posting a question to AskUbuntu? I'll report it first, and you're welcome to tick the "I have this problem too!" link on it. I can't comment on my own answer here, of course, because I don't have the requisite 50 reputation to comment on anything. I can, however, post random answers and hope that earns me reputation.

I have the problem as well, and I was going to report it anyway. I don't really have an option to back down to 18.04.1, since it has an older kernel, and I need the 4.18 or better kernel, and would rather not deal with at least weekly kernel updates from mainline.

Also, I can answer your problems with deep freezes. It has to do with your Ryzen CPU, and possibly which motherboard you have. The only known solution is to disable C6 sleep states, as the combination of Ryzen 1xxx/2xxx, certain motherboards, and power supplies, is that C6 state drops the voltage so low that it eventually hits 0 volts and the CPU locks up completely. Presumably, Windows has the same damn workaround, but I guess most Linux distributions just don't know how to deal with it.


Repartitioning after install - a bad idea?

but is it a bad idea to rearrange partitions

No. You can rearrange partitions whenever you want.

Resizing though can take a lot of time when a partition is full. All your data needs to be moved to a place on the disk that is free to move it to create the partitions you want. That is easy when you have empty disks, more difficult if the disks are used more then 80%.

As noted in comments: a power outage is the worst that can happen during a re-partitioning. And a resize will take longer the more filled a disk is so more chance for a power outage. Yes, it is a bit more risky than partitioning an empty disk if you can not trust your electricity provider.

  but also for backing up old documents.

Using an internal disk to store copies of documents is just that: storing a copy of documents. It is NOT a backup. A backup should be made such that the system the originals are on can not affect the backup. Preferably that backup should also be stored outside your direct environment (ie. not inside your house).


How to make gui based setup of git server?

For a GUI based setup, you may try cgit. Here is a tutorial for setting up cgit in ubuntu.


Download of 16.04 LTS not possible - Laptop HP Pavilion with Windows 10

Yes it will be. The CD will work on any device as long as you have selected the correct version of Ubuntu for your processor.

(Intel, AMD) etc..


Disable focus for all windows of same type when using Alt+Tab in Unity

Yes, if you press the down arrow when you have selected the terminal in the alt+tab view, then you get previews for all terminals and can choose one. Then only that terminal is raised. The intention is to raise only the last used window when you use alt+tab, and raising all of those terminals is a confirmed bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/873082

For now, you might be interested to know that Unity 2D does not suffer from this bug, so perhaps you can switch to it for a while. While I'm at it, I'll also mention that you can now also use alt+the button above tab to switch between windows of the same type only.


Cant boot Ubuntu 16.04 after removing laptop battery

I too have a Gigabyte P34G v2, with a swollen battery that I have removed.
It appears that there is an ACPI bug that prevents ubuntu from booting. A work around is to turn ACPI off. Setting acpi=off in the grub boot string worked for me. More details here (plus a method to make this change permanent): How do I disable ACPI when booting?


As a comment above states try Ubuntu 16.04. Even then if Sound and WiFi don't work I found some links from other users with their problems and solutions.

When review the links below keep in mind some of them are a year old and might recommend something like "upgarde to Ubuntu 15.10" which you should not immediately try. Instead report back here with your status / problems and seek clarification.

No Sound

This link from HP website lists steps to get sound working under Ubuntu 15.10: (hp.com - ProBook 450 G3 Ubuntu sound)

Broken WiFi

This link from Arch Linux (Wireless driver for HP ProBook 450 G2) describes the Realtek RTL8723BE WiFi card problems. First ensure you have that card and then follow instructions (How do I get a Realtek RTL8723BE wireless card to work?) in Ask Ubuntu.


Sounds like you'll need to enter recovery mode - as your computer is booting, press the tab key and you should be presented with a list of options to boot from. Select the recovery mode option (this may be in a submenu called "advanced options") and wait to be presented with a menu. There should be an option to resolve package issues (I can't remember the exact title, but it will be obvious which it is). Try running this to fix the problem.


Had The Same Problem

Steps to Resolve the Issue;

In gnome settings - click on the keyboard option -- then  click on Universal Access -- then change the corresponding setting by clicking on (I.e. Turn On- Screen Keyboard on / off) and type a new short cut action I.e. -- Alt+t or Alt+s -- etc to avoid the short cut cant be used error message, this should work. I used the Alt key before a letter but its entirely up to you what you use before the letter key.

This will change the short cut and resolve the issue for the -- S -- key, also for the -- L -- key, you need to go to -- launchers -- and click on --launch help browser -- and repeat the steps choosing a short cut of your choice.

Update!

Make sure any short cut that says Disabled in Universal Access is changed with a different short cut -- Alt+r -- etc as the same happened to me and I had to change all disabled shot cuts, then reboot system.


Where are localized interface names of launcher items defined if they are not in the .desktop file?

As you found out yourself while testing, the entry responsible for such behavior is:
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=gnome-screenshot

From https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuDevelopment/Internationalisation/Packaging:

DESKTOP ENTRIES
Translations of desktop entries (.desktop files) are also stripped out and included in language packs.
Contrary to what other distros do (except currently OpenSUSE), the translations are not expected to be in the .desktop files themselves (static translations), but rather in the same .mo file of the application, from which they are then loaded at runtime. We do this in order to be able to translate them in Launchpad and to ship them in language packs, so that they can be edited and updated by Ubuntu translators.
The runtime loading is done by patches to patch glib and kdelibs, which recognises the the X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain additional key we add to all Ubuntu .desktop files and adds gettext support when loading them. Note that if the .desktop file already contains translations, these static translations will be preferred.
Adding the X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain= key is done during build time in the packaging either automatically with the package build system or (increasingly rarely) with patches.

In other words, that means that the patched version of glib and kdelib on Ubuntu use the X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain key to add gettext support at runtime if a translation is not available by other means in the desktop file, translation which is retrieved from the application's .mo file.
Notice also that this implies that the support for the X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain key is a Ubuntu-specific implementation, and that desktop files using the X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain are only portable across distributions that use the same patched version of glib / kdelib.


Cannot compile java code [Unicode Byte Order Mark 65279]

illegal character: \65279, this sounds like an encoding problem.

Check the encoding of your source code file: file -bi Example.java
Use the encoding as option for javac, e.g. javac -encoding UTF-8 Example.java

Also keep in mind that decimal 65279 is hex FEFF.
Which is known as the Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM). In UTF-8 is this information  misleading, because it is always an 8-bit and not a 16-bit stream.

javac can't handle this. So use another editor, which is not doing such a cruft.

BTW: Use better an IDE like eclipse or netbeans for programming in java. This may protect you from some subtly problems (e.g. the encoding of property files has to be latin-1).


Why a subshell is needed to execute some commands?

sudo echo 'nameserver 8.8.8.8' >> /etc/resolv.conf

fails because it gives elevated permissions to the echo command (which doesn't need it), but not to the >> redirection (which does, since the destination file is owned by root). Wrapping the whole command sequence in sudo sh overcomes that.

You could also do

echo 'nameserver 8.8.8.8' | sudo tee -a /etc/resolv.conf


Help troubleshooting Variable in simple script

Create a script with the name export_flags

#!/bin/bash
srt_file_name="${1%\.*}".srt
if [ -f "$srt_file_name" ]; then
        FLAGS="-i $srt_file_name -sub_charenc CP1252 -vcodec copy -acodec copy"
else
        FLAGS=""
fi
export FLAGS="$FLAGS"

Make it executable

chmod +x export_flags

Start a test with

source export_flags your_mkv
echo $FLAGS

E.G.

source export_flags SampleVideo_1080x720_1mb.mkv
echo $FLAGS

the output should be something like this

-i SampleVideo_1080x720_1mb.srt -sub_charenc CP1252 -vcodec copy -acodec copy

Use four find command

find . -type f -name "*.mkv" -exec bash -c 'source export_flags "$1"; ffmpeg -i "$1" $FLAGS "${1%\.*}".mkv' _ {} \;

In my case I have this

ffmpeg version 2.5.8-0ubuntu0.15.04.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2015 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 4.9.2 (Ubuntu 4.9.2-10ubuntu13)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version=0ubuntu0.15.04.1 --build-suffix=-ffmpeg --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --shlibdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --enable-gpl --enable-shared --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --enable-avisynth --enable-ladspa --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libmodplug --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libshine --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvorbis --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libxvid --enable-opengl --enable-x11grab --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libiec61883 --enable-libzvbi --enable-libzmq --enable-frei0r --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-libsoxr --enable-gnutls --enable-openal --enable-libopencv --enable-librtmp --enable-libx265
  libavutil      54. 15.100 / 54. 15.100
  libavcodec     56. 13.100 / 56. 13.100
  libavformat    56. 15.102 / 56. 15.102
  libavdevice    56.  3.100 / 56.  3.100
  libavfilter     5.  2.103 /  5.  2.103
  libavresample   2.  1.  0 /  2.  1.  0
  libswscale      3.  1.101 /  3.  1.101
  libswresample   1.  1.100 /  1.  1.100
  libpostproc    53.  3.100 / 53.  3.100
Input #0, matroska,webm, from './SampleVideo_1080x720_1mb.mkv':
  Metadata:
    ENCODER         : Lavf56.15.102
  Duration: 00:00:00.32, start: 0.080000, bitrate: 2642 kb/s
    Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (High), yuv420p, 1280x720 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 25 fps, 25 tbr, 1k tbn, 50 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      ENCODER         : Lavc56.13.100 libx264
    Stream #0:1: Audio: vorbis, 48000 Hz, 5.1, fltp (default)
    Metadata:
      ENCODER         : Lavc56.13.100 libvorbis
Input #1, srt, from './SampleVideo_1080x720_1mb.srt':
  Duration: N/A, bitrate: N/A
    Stream #1:0: Subtitle: subrip
File './SampleVideo_1080x720_1mb.mkv' already exists. Overwrite ? [y/N]


How to triple boot windows and two linux distros

Just install normally. You can boot from your USB and follow the steps
  of the installer. You can either create a partition manually before
  installing or use the tools provided by the Mint installer to
  partition during the installation process.

  The only thing you really have to worry about is when the installer
  asks you whether to install a boot loader (GRUB). Then, you have 2
  choices. Since you already have a GRUB installed by Ubuntu, you can
  either choose to not install a new one from mint and use Ubuntu's or
  you can install Mint's and overwrite Ubuntu's.

  A) Use the existing GRUB.

  When the installer asks you whether to install a boot loader, say no.
  Once the installation has finished, reboot and load Ubuntu (Mint will
  not appear in the list of available OSs). From Ubuntu, refresh GRUB so
  it will detect your new Mint installation:

  sudo update-grub
  B) Use Mint's GRUB.

  When the installer asks you whether to install a boot loader, say yes.
  Make sure you install it in the same location where your Ubuntu's GRUB
  was installed. This will probably be the master boot record (MBR) of
  your primary hard drive. Reboot and you should now have Mint's GRUB
  installed and will be able to choose Mint, Ubuntu or Windows.

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/155396/how-to-have-triple-boot-linux-mint-17-cinnamon-ubuntu-14-04-windows-8


awk adding up two rows if the rows have a matching name

$ awk '
  BEGIN {OFS=FS=","}
  NR==1 {print "firstname","lastname","chargetotal","customerID"}
  FNR>1 {fname[$1]=$2; lname[$1]=$3; chargetotal[$1]+=$4}
  END {for(i in chargetotal) print fname[i],lname[i],chargetotal[i],i}
' file.csv
firstname,lastname,chargetotal,customerID
jeny,vel,38.39,4a7f057
Romo,goodrick,76.89,5efc522

Alternatively, with Miller
$ mlr --csvlite --ofmt '%.2lf' stats1 -a sum -f charge -g customerID,firstname,lastname \
    then reorder -e -f customerID then rename charge_sum,chargetotal file.csv
firstname,lastname,chargetotal,customerID
Romo,goodrick,76.89,5efc522
jeny,vel,38.39,4a7f057


after installing ubuntu, can't start windows

Have you tried booting into windows without using grub? If you have an option to access UEFI have you tried booting from there? Try booting the recovery partition. I don't know why, but in the past the one that said recovery was actually my primary os. If that one doesn't work, try each of the listed efi's one at a time using the entry that looks like this:

menuentry "Windows UEFI bkpbootmgfw.efi" {
set root='(hd1,gpt1)'
chainloader /EFI/microsoft/BOOT/bkpbootmgfw.efi

}

If that one doesn't work, change bpkbootmgfw.efi to bootmgfw.efi and try that one.


Editing Sudoers to avoid typing a password for iwconfig command

Running iwconfig without password

Create a file called iwconfig in /etc/sudoers.d/:

$ sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/iwconfig

Add the following:

your-user-name ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/iwconfig

Check if the file has the right permissions:

$ ls -l /etc/sudoers.d/iwconfig

Should be:

-r--r----- 1 root root 0 Feb 1 21:34 /etc/sudoers.d/iwconfig

If not:

$ pkexec chown root:root /etc/sudoers.d/iwconfig
$ pkexec chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/iwconfig

If you cannot open the iwconfig file, try:

pkexec visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/iwconfig

-- Regards

@see:

permissions - How to suid iwconfig on Debian wheezy?
How do I run specific sudo commands without a password?


TREE is the current branch you are on. MERGE-SOURCE is the branch you merged from into the current branch.

Let's say you're on trunk, and you merge from some other branch feature-123 and you get a conflict. If you look at the diff, you might see lines like these:

<<<<<<< TREE
changes you did
in your
current branch
=======
changes others did
in the
other branch
you're merging from
>>>>>>> MERGE-SOURCE

The lines between TREE and ====== are lines that were added in the current branch, trunk.
The lines between ======= and MERGE-SOURCE are lines that were added in the other branch, feature-123.


Changing the text color in Ubuntu Terminal?

Indeed It would be a long answer to write all here. But in simple words you can change the font colors and much more using the escape character followed by Format Codes

In Bash, the  character can be obtained with the following syntax:

\e
\033
\x1B

Examples:

echo -e "\e[31mHello World\e[0m"

will print Hello world in red

Read this http://misc.flogisoft.com/bash/tip_colors_and_formatting

Then read this https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CustomizingBashPrompt to learn how to make  these changes persistent.


It is the same error like here:
Unable to connect to libvirt

I didn't see the correlation between the two different errors.


How to create tables in Basket ? or any other similar softwares?

I don't think that Basket has the tablet function hability, but you can make a table on LifreOffice and paste it there.


16.04 - LibreOffice Writer 5.4.0.3 hangs while opening signed .odt files


How can i prevent a specific users from changing their passwords and allowing others to do it?

You can 'play' with the minimum age of a password
See man 5 shadow

sudo passwd -n <nb_days> username
# OR
sudo chage -m  <nb_days> username

# ex: sudo passwd -n 10000 johndoo
# will require a ~27 years age old password
# before allowing the user to change it


How to disable integrated webcam and still be able to use an external one

It's quite simple. The hard work is working out what the path to the USB device is. We need to start by finding which device we want to disable. We can do this with lsusb:

Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0402:5602 ALi Corp. M5602 Video Camera Controller
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 045e:0723 Microsoft Corp. LifeCam VX-7000 (UVC-compliant)

Change 1-6 to your device ports to be disabled. The port often isn't logical (it's physical) but you can get a port mapping with lsusb -t. Once you think you have it, you can test it with:

cat /sys/bus/usb/devices/1-6/id{Vendor,Product}

This gives me 0402 and 5602, vendor and product IDs for the right device (as listed in lsusb).

Now we've found it, turning it off is simple:

echo "0" > /sys/bus/usb/devices/1-6/bConfigurationValue

After making sure it works as desired, make it load every startup (for example, in /etc/rc.local.)


"Open with" Default value inside flatpak application

A possible solution I've found is to use xdg-desktop-portal v1.5.3 or later.

After a bit of digging in the xdg-desktop-portal repository I've found this commit. Basically it introduces a threshold value. After choosing the same app three times it will set it as the default. It's further refined to be less obtrusive in v1.5.4. Check out the release notes of v1.5.3 and v1.5.4. Not tested personally as I am using the default version supplied with Fedora which is currently behind upstream.


Now it's possible to download the last version .click package directly from the "manage version" in the myapps.developer.ubuntu.com
The procedure is:
login
enter in the desired package review,
click on the version number (there is a green box icon in its left)
click on the link at the "download" line.


Can I update software installed from source code directly

It is best to note that a software's dependencies rarely change. If you have successfully compiled the software once, any subsequent versions should be easy to compile - all dependencies should be satisfied already.

If you compiled from source, there is no .deb or similar package that you would be able to use to update, unless you wait for the distribution to include that software into their repositories, or wait until the developers' PPA is updated.

Simply put, someone has to compile it first to make it into a deb. Compiling an old version would not give you the ability to update automatically, you still have to go through the whole "download-configure-compile-install" process.

However, if you want to install the same version on multiple computers, it would make sense to package your compiled version as a .deb (or similar) and distribute it to those computers. If done right, the dependencies would be pulled into automatically.

As to the advantages of installing from source, the only two I can think of are:

You get access to the latest revision of the code, and you have a choice of a stable version or the cutting-edge version (usually called nightly builds, latest revision, etc.)
Ubuntu/other-distribution might not want to include the software into their repositories. In that case, you're stuck with the source code or packages provided by the developers or the community. That is, you have no choice but to use the sources.


Ubuntu 15.04 - 15.10 Pepper Flash CPU overload (8 core maxed out !)

This was linked to a problem I had with my RAM.

Solved here:
High CPU load, low core usage, (ECC) memory error in kernel


Can I download currently streaming songs from Clementine?

this is the command you need

xterm -e streamripper {tp} -d /media/storage/Music

please read this to understand it completely : Groups.google.com


Wine installed but not appearing as an application!

Wine can be used I just have to run the Wine apps via terminal!
Just type in the name of the wine app you wish to open in the terminal!
Example:
Type this in the terminal "winecfg"


Is there a way to tell which application last accessed your camera?

My solution is based on watching /dev/video* using inotifywait. Start by installing inotify-tools:

sudo apt-get install inotify-tools

Then insert the following line into the file /etc/rc.local, before the line with exit 0:

/usr/bin/inotifywait --timefmt "%F %T" --format "%T %w %e" --daemon --outfile /var/log/camera.log /dev/video*

Reboot. The accesses to any /dev/video* device will be logged to /var/log/camera.log.


ubuntu 13.10 ftp Connection attempt failed with "ECONNREFUSED - Connection refused by server

I have the same problem. Strange behaviour, but proftpd suddenly stopped. This helps me:

sudo service proftpd start

If you want to add this to autorun execute the following command:

sudo update-rc.d proftpd defaults


Installed Ubuntu for dual-boot only Windows comes up (tried boot-repair)

I have successfully achieved dual boot from installation on the primary hard drive with the following configuration and issues:

Hardware; August 2012 build HP Envy DV7 laptop, Windows 8, i5 Ivy Bridge, UEFI/Secure Boot.
Linux: Ubuntu 12.10 x64 ISO.

In UEFI (F10 menu):

•
•Disable Secure Boot. I could not achieve boot in any configuration with it on.
•
•UEFI boot scheme (not Legacy BIOS). I tried Legacy mode, and can boot from disk, but not from an installation on the hard drive. UEFI flies right by it during boot every way I tried with it on.
In Ubuntu:

•
•/Boot=EFI, /=EXT4, /Home=EXT4, SWAP=swap
With this configuration I can boot with user intervention during the boot sequence: 1) Select F9 Boot options in UEFI (BIOS) 2) Select the now avialble Ubuntu 12.10 option and procede.
3) Immediately the Ubuntu boot option screen is now available. Select prefered option and procede. 4) I'm in.

If anyone following this thread comes up with a way for the Windows UEFI boot loader to recognize the /Boot partition manually, please share. The above method is not that much of a pain, but an automatic boot whence windows recognizes Ubuntu as a boot option would be a somewhat more elegant affair. Also, I would prefer to have Windows handle the primary boot sequence, and not grub, as a personal preference, so I can live with the above until other options are available.

Gregg


How to enable remote desktop from remote?

The GNOME VNC-server vino is started from the command line with:

/usr/lib/vino/vino-server

This can also be done remotely in a SSH session.

Settings for vino need to be made on the remote, e.g. by editing /desktop/gnome/remote_access with gconftool-2, from the GUI, or by using gconf-editor, or in a GUI with

vino-preferences

This can also be done from an X-forwarding enabled SSH session.


How can I add my desired editor to the "update-alternatives" interactive menu?

This is not modified, but the standard Ubuntu behaviour up to Zesty. If you do a ls -l on vim (/usr/bin/vim), you see that it is a link to /etc/alternatives/vim, which in turn links to /usr/bin/vim.basic.

Execution of vim --version or vim.basic --version also reveals that they are in fact the same full, "giant" vim version 8.0 without GUI.

To answer your question: Menu choice of vim.basic gives you the desired full vim version. It is just that the name is misleading.


How can I use Kazam Screencaster In Terminal?

The only way I came across is exactly using kazam --silent in combination with xdotool, by creating a function and putting it in ~/.bashrc:

k () {
 kazam --silent &> /dev/null &
 sleep 1
 xdotool key 'Super+Ctrl+r';
}

Now every time I run k kazam runs and starts recording, we can use Super+Ctrl+p to Pause/Resume recording and  Super+Ctrl+f to stop recording.


Complete `iptables1 rules will be

Delete curent rules and chains in iptables

sudo iptables --flush
sudo iptables --delete-chain

allow loopback

sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

allow established connections

sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

allow SSH or some different TCP port

sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

allow UDP on port 22

sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -p udp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

default policies

sudo iptables -P INPUT DROP
sudo iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT

Save

sudo iptables-save

This is it. I think :)


What is KDE, GTK, GTK+, QT, and/or GNOME?

GTK, GTK+, and Qt are GUI toolkits. These are libraries that developers use to design graphical interfaces, all running on top of the X Server. These are things that you need to install as dependencies. They're the Linux "equivalent" to Windows' GDI/GDI+. When an application uses any of these, it will always have a general "look and feel".

GNOME and KDE are Desktop Environments. GNOME primarily uses the GTK+ toolkit, while KDE primarily uses the Qt toolkit. There are applications designed for GNOME or KDE, such as a settings menu or a default music player, usually in the appropriate toolkit. These Desktop Environments have a set of utilities/window managers/design specification to create a more unified desktop. You can mix the two if you feel like it, but you may run into issues with colliding standards and applications (which you might occasionally run into on systems like Arch).

Unity uses many of the GNOME utilities (Nautilus, Rhythmbox, etc.), so Unity is more GNOME than KDE.


Intall QScintilla2 for Eric IDE for python3

sudo apt-get install python3-pyqt5.qsci is what you need.


Can't install anything on ubuntu 14.04 nor updates

This is happening because one package is trying to overwrite the file of other package.

So first remove the conflicting package.
 To do this open terminal and type this command

 sudo apt-get purge grub-theme-ubuntu-mate*

Once above command completed successfully execute this command

sudo apt-get install -f


Are there any GUI equivalents of "Initctl"?

Well, you are mentioning the Boot-up Manager. What's wrong with it? I found it to be useful. It's packaged as bum.

# Installation:
sudo apt-get install bum
# Running it:
sudo bum


Difficulty w/ .desktop file permissions in dock customization

I think this is what you are asking:

sudo chown $USER:$USER ~/.local/share/applications/libreoffice-startcenter.desktop


The graphics card isn't listed in lspci -k | grep -EA3 'VGA|3D|Display' & I've done necessary hardware troubleshooting. Likely case is that the PCI slot isn't functional.


Create a Samba share with Nautilus

This is probably the easiest way.

In nautilus right click on the hard drive in question
In the resulting context menu click Properties
There select the tab Share
Check the box Share this folder
Optionally you can check any of the other boxes
Click Create Share

The first time you do this, you will be asked if you want to install samba. Your password will be needed to do so. And on a more general note: This is very basic. Next time, try a google search.

There are other methods such as creating an FTP server or using ssh and sftp. I will be happy to go into details on those if you request it in a comment.


Ivy Bridge or Haswell for Ubuntu Server?

You can get either of them as both are well supported by Linux Kernel >=3.5.
However, going for Ivy Bridge would be better taking in account the fact that they're comparatively more stable than the Haswell (which use pretty much less power though).
I believe that the coming Kernel updates would bring better efficiency with both CPUs.
It's actually, a personal choice as far as I understand of it, as both are well supported by the OS.


NetworkManager[757]:  [1461836136.9728] (wlan0): error getting signal strength: No such device

Enabling the 300MBit limit in my Router helped for me.

My NetGear WNA3100 is barely running on my Ubuntu 16.04. Often I have to disable/re-enable my Network and wireless Network to get a working connection. The download speed is a horrible 0.25MB/sec., 10% of normal speed. A NetGear WNDA3100v2 is totally not going to work.

However its running for now. A more Linux conpatible WLan-Stick will be my next investment.


Unable to use sudo apt-get  in ubuntu 18.04

You are very likely to have followed the Cloud SDK install instructions to the letter. Some steps are alternative (ie, you do one or the other).

As a result, your /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-cloud-sdk.list will have a duplicate entry:

deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg] https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt  cloud-sdk main
deb https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk main

As you can see, both lines are the same except that one specifies a keyring file and the other does not (so it uses the default). There is your conflict.

You shall remove the line containing the 'signed-by' and you would be good to go.


Sounds like you just want to stop the X-System.

Logout of you current session to leave you at the LightDM GUI screen.

Press CTRL + ALT + F1 to move to TTY1 (text console).

Login as yourself

Type

sudo service lightdm stop

this will shutdown all graphics.


How do you add the snap store to Synaptic?

You can't, today, do this.

Somebody would have to extend synaptic to talk to snapd, either directly or using snapd-glib. While relatively straightforward (and nearly everything the snap tool does is by talking to snapd), it is quite a lot of work, especially if (as I imagine is the case) synaptic has not been thought from the start to talk to multiple packaging backends.

Given that synaptic has seen no work in two years, and that the project maintainer is a very active snapd developer, I suspect development on it has stopped.


What is the default username for Amazon AMI images of Ubuntu Server?

On EC2 all the Ubuntu AMI's should be connected to like so:

$ ssh -i your-ssh-key.pem ubuntu@external.dns.name

So you connect as the 'ubuntu' user using the ssh key you injected into the instance at launch (not a password).  Once authenticated, you can issue password-less root commands with sudo.

(note: your ssh key might be .priv, or .pem, or no extension, this is just an example)

Here are also some handy resources about connecting to EC2 instances:

Launching an instance and choosing or creating a new SSH keypair:  http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/latest/GettingStartedGuide/index.html?LaunchInstance.html

Connecting with your ssh keypair:
http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/latest/GettingStartedGuide/index.html?ConnectToInstanceLinux.html

What they don't mention there is that you connect to Ubuntu instances with the 'ubuntu' account and not root.


How to remove line breaks from large numbers?

IMHO the right way to do this is to avoid copy-pasting the text altogether, by writing the maxima output directly to file:

x:bfloat(%e),fpprec:1000000$
stringout("my_big_number.txt",x);

$ in place of ; in the first expression just suppresses the - rather large - console output.

You can confirm there are no additional newlines in the output file using wc:

$ wc my_big_number.txt
      2       1 1000006 my_big_number.txt

(in fact, there's one additional newline, since stringout appears to insert a single blank line before the output; however there are none within the numerical output itself).

You can then convert the text file to whatever other format you wish -  since you have LibreOffice installed, using its standalone conversion filters:

$ libreoffice --convert-to pdf my_big_number.txt
$ xdg-open my_big_number.pdf

Alternatively you could use LO's unoconv command-line utility:

$ unoconv -f pdf my_big_number.txt

See for example How to convert TXT to PDF?


Nvidia GeForce GT630M/GT640M/GT650M graphics card support?

Unless the manufacturers provide a BIOS option for using these discrete cards only, it will likely not be supported because of the Optimus technology. See also How well will Nvidia Optimus cards be supported in 12.04?

The current version in Precise is now 295.20. According to the supported chips list the GT 630M and GT 650M are not supported.


I have reseted to factory default, with preinstalled OS, formated the drives and installed new Ubuntu, nothing seemed to help.

Even after doing this troubleshooter until steps 4 I didn't realized any advancement.

Interestingly when I gave it up and wanted to install a different OS, I tackled between UEFI and Legacy modes and had some failed booting attempts from my usb stick, so went back to my installed Ubuntu and viola I hear a startup sound!!!

This ubuntu was version 14 so I upgraded it to 16 and I still have the sound working!

Only that the sound indicator disappeared but I got it back easily by an askubuntu answer.


The iconpacks are stored in /usr/share/icons/ . Many icon packs are stored in this folder. To change the icon for a particular app or folder replace the file with the same name in the icon pack you are using. By default , ubuntu uses unity-mono-dark iconthemes stored at location /usr/share/icons/ubuntu-mono-dark. To change the icon theme, I use unity tweak tool.


appindicator not working after fresh install of 20.04

Figured out gnome-tweaks was not enabling the extension for some reason, but manually running gnome-extensions enable ubuntu-appindicator@ubuntu.com activated the extension correctly.


How do i install another ubuntu 12.04 , while one exists inside Windows 7 through Wubi

Yes! But, you have to create extra partition for the new installation.


Installation problem with Atom D2500 Cedarview

I have an Intel Atom D2500 (chipset NM10) with 2GB-Ram to.
Actually, it running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS perfectly, but the problem I have support concern the driver for the GMA chipset (GMA 3600/3650 family).
This Chipset are NOT actually functional with Unity 3D, and make some problem (in some case) during the installation.

So I have been obliged to active the Unity-2D and follow some way to fix the screen-size resolution (by following this ):

http://daily.siebler.eu/2012/06/ubuntu-12-04-driver-for-intel-cedarview-atom-n2000-und-d2000-serie/

Wich version of Ubuntu have you try to install? I am under the 12.04 LTS 32 bits, and maybe the problem come when to try to install the 64 bits version.


I need an equvalent to Noteshelf for Ubuntu

I tried MyScript Stylus : http://www.visionobjects.com/fr/webstore/myscript-stylus/description/

There is also tegaki-recognize and cellwriter sudo apt-get install tegaki-recognize or sudo apt-get install cellwriter but those are very simple


Can't install node-inspector in Ubuntu 16.04

I had the same error, I fixed it by changing the grunt-node-inspector version in my package.json file to:
"grunt-node-inspector": ">=0.2.0",

After that just ran npm update and it worked.


Have you tried selecting output device after connecting, as you can see in this picture?


md5sum calculates and verifies 128-bit MD5 hashes. The MD5 hash functions as a compact digital fingerprint of a file. It is very unlikely that any two non-identical files in the real world will have the same MD5 hash, unless they have been specifically created to have the same hash.
md5sum is used to verify the integrity of files, as virtually any change to a file will cause its MD5 hash to change. Most commonly, md5sum is used to verify that a file has not changed as a result of a faulty file transfer, a disk error or non-malicious meddling.
For more see Wikipedia

Could it be changed?
No. You can not change md5sum of a file as long as the contents of the files are same. And that is the sole purpose of it. You can change the md5sum value of a file by making any change in its content only.


When you unpack it, that already is the installation. It's not a source file, it's a binary precompiled proprietary blob.

These are the steps to install.

Download it from https://popcorntime.sh/
Extract it
Now 2 ways to run it.

with terminal, cd to extracted folder and run ./Popcorn-Time
create a Popcorn-Time.desktop file with this text:

[Desktop Entry]
Name = Popcorn-Time
Comment = Comment on the program
Exec = /home/<user>/<Folder>/Popcorn-Time-0.3.10-Linux-64/Popcorn-Time
Icon = /home/<user>/<Folder>/Popcorn-Time-0.3.10-Linux-64/src/app/images/icon.png
Terminal = false
Type = Application

Replace <user> and <folder> with your username and the folder where PCT is.


Run a command every time a change in keyboard hardware is detected

You might be able to solve this with udev rules that are invoked when your keyboard is plugged in.  Not sure if it will help if your keyboard is messed up when something else is plugged in.


Applying chgrp "apache" to entire directory failed

If you've installed Apache via sudo apt-get install apache2 or with sudo tasksel install lamp-server then the default group is www-data not apache you'll need to use that group name instead (You may also need to update the Apache configuration file).

If you've custom compiled it, or using a 3rd party source, you will need to make sure the apache group actually exists. You can check by typing the following in the command line:

cat /etc/group | grep "apache"

If no results are returned then you'll need to create the group, you can do so with sudo addgroup apache. However, at this point I STRONGLY ADVISE you use aptitude to install Apache, as by using the apt package manager you'll always stay up to date and configuration (including group creation) will be done for you.


Failed to configure NetworkManager to use dnsmasq

I'm using Ubuntu 20.04, kernel 5.4.0-73-generic and I've got this working for me.
All I had to do was adding the line
dns=dnsmasq

to /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
and create a /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d/custom-dns file with the contents below:
server=/.mydomain.test/205.251.196.172

I then restarted the network manager with
sudo service network-manager restart

and it works
:~$ nslookup -type=TXT something.mydomain.test
Server:     127.0.1.1
Address:    127.0.1.1#53

something.mydomain.test text = "test value"

I hope it helps.


Using Automated Server Install with Hyper-V and ISO Image

Is network booting an option?
I see two possibilities, and I will assume you don't want to create new ISO ecery time something changes in autoinstall.
First one is to setup PXE boot environment. It pays off long term if you are installing a lot. To get started with that you can check my step by step guide here:
https://askubuntu.com/a/1292097/1080682
Second one is to make an ISO. But just with basic user-data (autoinstall) that points installer to - download new (current) script! That way you keep small web server with scripts somewhere, and when you want to change script, no need to change boot ISO media. To get you started with this idea, you can check my other post here:
https://askubuntu.com/a/1292607/1080682
Both guides are based on PXE, but you can use the second one in other approach as well.
As for creating your custom ISO, you don't have to do much. Just making multi-boot ISO that contains Ubuntu and some bootloader like syslinux (actually isolinux variant for ISO media), then in kernel parameters just input same thing you'd input for PXE. Again you can check my guide (first link) to see how it's done with syslinux menu, as syslinux/pxelinux/isolinux are all just variants of the same family, so they act and configure in same way, tou just swap the binaries according to your needs.
I am interested in other answers/options as well, maybe I missed something. I too work with Hyper-V and Ubuntu VMs, and I'd sure welcome an even easier way. But in my current situation - I just use PXE server and push new installs from it.
NOTE: If your environment already has SCCM and/or WDS - you can PXE boot Ubuntu from them as well! Push me a comment if you want that, and I'll provide you with a guide. It's 90% done just didn't get to finish and post it somewhere (yet).


Perl highlighting can be removed in Geany by choosing Tools -> Configuration Files -> filetype_extensions.conf from the menu bar. In the file that is opened, remove *.pl; from the Perl line, then choose Tools -> Reload Configuration to apply. This will also remove Perl highlighting from actual Perl files with that extension.

Geany doesn't have any highlighting for Prolog, though it is on the plugin wishlist.


apt command does not cache the .deb files?

What you've reported could be a consequence of a bug filed way back in 2002,  apt: apt-get clean should run weekly

  The apt package cache grows without bound; "apt-get clean" should be run regularly (a script in /etc/cron.weekly would be fine).  Without such a script, apt runs the danger of filling up smaller disks, especially on systems run by less experienced Debian adminstrators.

This was reported fixed in 2016.

However, the code suggested to prevent the automatic removal of .debs after successful installation of the package needed further work as a result of another bug, New option in apt "APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages" is ignored.

  The new option "APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages" is ignored in configuration item "Dir::Etc::Parts" and in configuration item "Dir::Etc::Main".

Those interested may read the bugs and also /usr/share/doc/apt/NEWS.Debian.gz on your system (which can be opened by right-clicking and choosing "Open with gedit").

On my fully updated 16.04 LTS, apt policy has:

apt:
  Installed: 1.2.19
  Candidate: 1.2.19

and /usr/share/doc/apt/NEWS.Debian.gz has:

  apt (1.2~exp1) experimental; urgency=medium

  [ Automatic removal of debs after install ]
  After packages are successfully installed by apt(8),
  the corresponding .deb package files will be
  removed from the /var/cache/apt/archives cache directory.

  This can be changed by setting the apt configuration option
   "Binary::apt::APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages" to "true".
  E.g:

  # echo 'Binary::apt::APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages "true";' \ > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01keep-debs

  Please note that the behavior of apt-get is unchanged. The
  downloaded debs will be kept in the cache directory after
  they are installed. To enable the behavior for other tools,
  you can set "APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages" to false.

It maybe worth noting that apt is still evolving vis-à-vis apt-get and that users going this route should keep checking to see if code used in previous versions still works in the future.


"The volume filesystem root has only..."

Increase root / from 7GB by a few more GB from /home.

Create an installation LiveCD or USB and load it as “Try Ubuntu” to run outside of your target OS, to resize and move the partitions, using the application GParted. Please read and learn about this activity as it is risky and tricky to move the partitions.


How can I install MySQL Workbench on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS?

MySQL has updated their repository for Focal Fossa and removed the repository for Eoan Ermine. To install MySQL Workbench on 20.04, either download the Workbench for 20.04 from MySQL archives or follow the alternate method mentioned below replacing eoan with focal.

Historical answer:

You can download the deb package for Eoan Ermine from MySQL archives and install that using:

sudo apt install ./mysql-workbench-community_8.0.19-1ubuntu19.10_amd64.deb

The dependencies of MySQL Workbench for 19.10 are satisfiable on 20.04. APT will ensure installation of the dependencies as well.

Alternatively, you can use MySQL's repository for 19.10 (Eoan Ermine) to get latest updates as soon as pushed in Eoan's repository or until MySQL starts supporting Focal Fossa. To add that:

Create a new file for MySQL repository:

echo "deb http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu/ eoan mysql-tools" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mysql.list

and run

sudo apt update

You'll get an error, like

Err:1 http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu eoan InRelease
  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY <some key value>

Add this key using

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys <key value>

Update and install MySQL

sudo apt update
sudo apt install mysql-workbench-community


Looking for the checksum for Ubuntu 14.0.4.3 32-bit

Checksums are included here.

cab6dd5ee6d649ed1b24e807c877c0ae *ubuntu-14.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso
0bc058cdc75fb75d4922c7c74c4cd6b1 *ubuntu-14.04.3-desktop-i386.iso
9e5fecc94b3925bededed0fdca1bd417 *ubuntu-14.04.3-server-amd64.iso
352009d5b44f0e97c9558919f0147c0c *ubuntu-14.04.3-server-i386.iso
b31731ea6cdbebe1d02f8193db420886 *wubi.exe

Source : http://releases.ubuntu.com/14.04/MD5SUMS


Ruby version differs from the rbenv one in server

just run it:

$ echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.zshrc
$ source ~/.zshrc

Change zshrc to bashrc if don't use zsh.


Dual boot (Ubuntu and Windows XP) - Error: No such device XXXXXXX

As described below, my first thought was not correct:

The combination of the words "years ago" and "Notebook" suggest the possibility that your cmos battery could be weak or dead and it may have simply lost its cmos settings.  I suggest you use whatever key is recommended to enter SETUP such as F2 on many brands, be sure to press SAVE SETTINGS when done even if you don't actually make any changes.

It turned out not to be the CMOS. Despite my suggestion the hard drive might be failing, which is not unusual after some years in an active laptop, the owner thinks the problem is related to GRUB, so I'm tacking on GRUB repair instructions below.

The easiest and most foolproof way to fix your grub is accomplished by opening this link, creating the self booting automated GRUB repair cd and booting to it.


Upgrading to ubuntu 19.04: errorr " Could not install 'Install-info' "

There are many Cabal-related packages in the repository.

As far I can understand you need to install

  cabal-install
  command-line interface for Cabal and Hackage

as it contains /usr/bin/cabal (see search results on packages.ubuntu.com)

You can install it with

sudo apt-get install cabal-install


Error on apt-get: /usr/sbin/update-info-dir: 23: /etc/environment: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages: Permission denied

Items in a PATH variable should be separated with colons

$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/opt/telegram:/opt/lks-indicator:/snap/bin

If you use a semicolon instead, bash interprets the thing after the semicolon as a command

$ export PATH=$PATH;/home/zanna/playground
bash: /home/zanna/playground: Is a directory

A clearer illustration: I added a script that just contains uname -r:

$ export PATH=$PATH;/home/zanna/playground/uname
4.4.0-36-generic

To fix your problem, change this line in /etc/environment

PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages;/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages

to

PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages

And log out and back in :)


I installed Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS, but I can't boot into it. How can I fix this?

I have something similar. I never see grub. However, if I get the BIOS boot menu, I can choose either Windows or Linux.

You may also need to disable safeboot in the BIOS.

When your machine first comes on it should tell you which key to press to get BIOS settings. F10, F12, del or something.


Can't compile tiny C code which uses librsvg

When a development package installs its header and/or library files in places that are not directly on the standard compiler search path, you need to specify the locations yourself explicitly. To do that on the gcc command line for example, you would use suitable -I (include path) and -L (library path) directives. You also need to tell the linker which specific libraries to link from those search paths using -l directives such as -lrsvg-2 for librsvg-2.

Since paths and libraries can become quite complex, and vary depending on the exact platform, some development packages provide a package configuration (.pc) file that can be interrogated by the pkg-config utility to generate the appropriate directives at build time. The librsvg-dev package is one such, so to build your simple program on the command-line all that's required is

gcc svg2cairoxml.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs librsvg-2.0`

To achieve the same within your IDE, you have a couple of options: you can either run

pkg-config --cflags librsvg-2.0

and

pkg-config --libs librsvg-2.0

in a terminal and copy the resulting output into the appropriate compiler and linker settings boxes or, following this answer to a similar question on StackOverflow How to setup GTK+ to develop with Code::Blocks on Ubuntu Linux, add the pkg-config command substitutions directly to the Other options tab as follows:


Is there any remote desktop solution featuring hardware acceleration?

One solution is to use the steam link package which is part of the Steam Client. I access it through picture mode. I haven’t done enough research to know if the connection is encrypted, but it may well be. Once running you can close the picture mode and you are then in Windows/Linux desktop. It would appear they support Android and Raspberry Pi architecture for the steam link viewer app.

https://store.steampowered.com/about/
https://store.steampowered.com/steamlink/about/


How do I clone an Ubuntu system to a new machine?

Clonezilla is your friend. Download its ISO from https://clonezilla.org/downloads/download.php?branch=alternative then make a LiveUSB from the ISO file. Reboot your PC after attaching the destination drive to the original PC and boot from the Clonezilla USB. Choose disk to disk and clone away!

Then, for your sanity's sake, once the disk-to-disk cloning completes, image the system with Clonezilla, saving the partitions (which will be compressed) to the target drive's root or /home partition. Once completed, boot from that drive, be it HDD or SSD. Obtain the size of the compressed image, and burn that to DVDR. Make a second copy to a USB flash drive. Verify the contents match the source, then the DVDR goes offsite, and the copy on USB is attached to the Clonezilla flash drive so you can reconstitute your system as of (today) if you ever need.


18.04: Cura 4.5.0. blanked fields increase with Ubuntu updates

I also started having this problem, and looking through several places found a solution that worked for me. Basically, the suggestion is to clear out the ~/.cache/qtshadercache directory. You can do this by running

rm /home/karlo/.cache/qtshadercache/*

I did this, and it seems to have been rebuilt, with updated values I assume -- and now Cura 4.5.0 is working again! (This is on ubuntu 18.04)


How to find a bad update, i.e. revert to version of a specific date and then step forward

So what I found was some behavior I think is not supported by the Linux clients.  I loaded a Windows 7 VM and the stock Cisco VPN client. When I ran it from Windows, I was prompted for all the usual but afterwards there was an additional prompt for "The Next" RSA key after the one that I had used. So what I think happened is that this behavior was triggered by a Windows password change and it is not supported in the Linux clients.

Work around: When you change your Windows password, immediately log in to the VPN from any Windows machine to eliminate the behavior.


Problem while upgrading from Ubuntu 11.10 to 12.04; upgrade manager seems to be hanged/stuck

Ok, I got the answer. Sometime if a minor problem happens a dialog box related to that will appear and you need to close that. It may hang because of the other reason also.

After waiting for substantial time, if the "Distribution Upgrade" box doesn't progress then click the "Terminal" button at its bottom (as shown in the question).
Press "Enter" keys few times. For me after that the upgrade continued and finally the "restart" prompt appeared.

After restarting, I noticed though that the music din't play and my desktop wallpaper disappeared. They have provided new set of default wallpapers it seems. Don't forget to check the "System Info" to make sure that 12.04 is really installed.