Can I add my .htaccess config to my sites-enabled virtual host .conf file?

You should create a .conf file for your site in /etc/apache2/conf-available/ and put there all your server settings that you don't want in .htaccess.
Then enable that config using a2enconf (which will create a symlink in  /etc/apache2/sites-enabled.

See /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz for more about how the Apache configuration is handled in Debian and its derivatives like Ubuntu.


colors from graphic card gets sometime inverted

I was experiencing exactly the same problem.

But since i thought to be sure that i did not have this problem with the standard linux video driver, I started experimenting with the settings in the Catalyst Control Center.
What I've come up with is the setting for the Pixel Format (only available when using the hdmi I believe).

I have now set it to Full RGB 4:4:4 and my problems are gone...(it was YCbCr 4:4:2).

Hope this will help others, since this problem was driving me crazy.


Ubuntu does not recognize my Wi-Fi adapter - HP laptop

Look at the version of BIOS that you have installed. If it's not F.17 Rev.A (Dec 10, 2018) then go to the HP Support Site and download this BIOS update and install it. Reset the BIOS back to factory defaults... leaving Secure Boot disabled, if required. Retest wireless.
Try the latest stable kernel 4.20.xx. First... BACKUP YOUR COMPUTER... AT LEAST THE UBUNTU PART (see my note, below, about Timeshift), then install ukuu.

sudo apt update # update the software databases
sudo apt install ukuu # install Kernel Update Utility for Ubuntu
Start ukuu and install kernel 4.20.xx
sudo update-grub # if ukuu didn't already do this for you
reboot # reboot the computer and retest wireless

Note: to backup your Ubuntu OS (only) so you can easily restore... install Timeshift...

For those who don't know what Timeshift is...

The closest thing to a Windows-like restore point is by using Timeshift. I use it to save snapshots to an external USB hard drive. Although it can, it's normally not used for backing up your /home directory, just system-level changes. Use Backups (Déjà Dup) for backing up /home files.

Timeshift is a system restore utility which takes snapshots
of the system at regular intervals. These snapshots can be restored
at a later date to undo system changes. Creates incremental snapshots
using rsync or BTRFS snapshots using BTRFS tools.

More information at https://github.com/teejee2008/timeshift

Add the PPA and install with:

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppa

sudo apt update

sudo apt install timeshift


Extract update repository from .deb file

.deb files simply are archives.
Try to extract it using your favorite GUI archiver which should detect the archive type.
From commandline use the file command to see what type it is. For these I tested it's xz files. Not sure if that's the only valid archive format for .deb or if there are others.


How to see terminal commands generated by GUI actions

Probably not, because a GUI most of the time isn't calling the same command as a user would type in the terminal.

That said, if you want to know more about terminal commands, these are some usefull sites which explain common commands:

General use

Some common commands

A more advanced list


As per request in the comments, here are what I think are the relevant steps to solving the issue:

Since Ctrl-Alt-F1 is the only thing that works, do that.  You might be able to open a terminal via a shortcut or something, but I recommend doing all fixing there.

1)  Try restarting gnome shell with gnome-shell -r
2)  if gnome-shell is not installed, sudo apt-get install gnome-shell.
3)  during the instillation, it will ask you if you want gdm or lightdm.  (links show images of what the Display Manager looks like)
4)  According to this article, DISPLAY=:0 gnome-shell --replace.  I believe only 0 works, since I tried 6 and 7 first instead of 0.
5)  Reboot, and if that's not fixed yet, restart with gnome-shell -r, and try step 4 again.  reboot again.

That is what fixed my laptop, though I have no idea what the cause was in the first place.  I also think that all custom settings like workspaces setup gets lost, I like to use compiz, as described in one of these answers.
And here is the guide on how to switch between gdm and lightdm

Note:  lightdm does not seem to work on my machine, even thought the process is running, my gnome shell is not there


ANSWER (thanks to steeldriver in comments)

Change the cronjob command to

 * * * * * cd /home/ubuntu/cronTest/ && /usr/lib/R/bin/Rscript simpleRScript.R

For R users, the Rscript command on ubuntu 16.04 LTS when installed is /usr/lib/R/bin/Rscript


Some older machines will not boot USB flash drives that have a partition table, only hard drives.

To format a USB flash drive as a "floppy" you can do this:

sudo mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdb

Note that you're putting the vfat file system on the whole device, no partitions. Then run the Startup Disk Creator to copy files over and make the stick bootable. (But don't tell it to erase the disk!)

If your other machines refuse to boot from the stick because they expect a USB floppy, then this should do it.

If not, then I'm out of help. :(


Can't boot normally or into recovery mode (Ubuntu 18.04)

Lets first check your file system for errors.

To check the file system on your Ubuntu partition...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

If for some reason you can't do the above...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start gparted and determine which /dev/sdaX is your Ubuntu EXT4 partition
quit gparted
open a terminal window
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdaX # replacing X with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot


Can I make this keyboard light command that requires sudo run at startup?

Is there a way I can get this command to run at startup?

Yes,

you can add this command in rc.local file in order to be executed in ever system boot/or reboot.

Edit the file, you will need root privileges for that.

gksudo gedit /etc/rc.local

and add the command line before exit 0

The file should read

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.
echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/asus::kbd_backlight/brightness
exit 0

save the file and reboot to check the results. No sudo is needed here, because the file is executed by the root user.

I don't remember what the execution bits are by default (in Ubuntu) at this file, but you can add the execution bit with the following command

sudo chmod +x /etc/rc.local


When dual-booting with any Windows 8 or newer users must disable the Fast Startup feature which is, in practical terms, hibernation. Once done shutdown Windows. Then boot Ubuntu as usual and the additional NTFS partitions should be again visible and mountable.
Regarding swap:
It shows Swp [    0K/**2.00G**]
2GB is the standard swap file size so this means that you're using the swap file and not a swap partition in this case. That's actually a good thing because you can now remove that absurdly huge swap partition and reuse the space.
Keep in mind that the more RAM you have the less is the need for swap.


After installing KDE, how do I make it the default desktop enviornment?

Found an answer on SuperUser.

First find the file names of the desktops available to you:

ls /usr/share/xsessions/

kde-plasma.desktop should be there for a KDE Plasma session. Edit ~/.dmrc to read:

[Desktop]
Session=kde-plasma

Save and reboot. KDE Plasma should now be the default desktop environment.


There's a bug on that web page.

Where is says:  echo -e 'xefx80x87'
you really need: echo -e '\xef\x80\x87'


Install remaining drivers after installation

I found out what the prolem was. It was not related to the drivers, but rather to the fact that my user was not a member of the audio group. Running sudo usermod -aG audio [username] solved my problem after logging out and back in.


When you have made changes to a Raspberry Pi OS and it will not boot, there is no way of using a LiveUSB system to correct it, as you would on any other Ubuntu machine. Fortunately, it's easy to pull out the SD card and change it from another computer with a card reader.

On the SD card there will be two partitions. The first one is /boot; it contains a FAT file system, which a Windows computer can read. Unfortunately, your Raspberry Pi ´root´ file system is on the other partition. This is an ext4 file system, which cannot be read by Windows. If a Windows computer is all you have available, you have two options:

install ext2fsd, which is small Windows program that acts as a device driver for the card. When installed, it will allow you to read and write files on the Raspberry Pi root partition.
use a LiveUSB (stick, or drive) to boot your Windows computer into a Ubuntu live session. (Choose "Try Ubuntu".). Your Windows drive will not be modified. The Raspberry Pi card will show up as an external drive.

If you have a Linux computer, things are much easier because Linux can read the ext4 root partition straightaway.

Correct the mistake, unmount the card safely, and reboot the Raspberry Pi.


How to run a minecraft server without port forwarding?

You can install Hamachi for Linux (It is command line not GUI) Hamachi is a VPN but other users will need Hamachi in order to access your Minecraft server.

Download:

https://secure.logmein.com/labs/#HamachiforLinux (Press on "Learn More" to reveal download links)

Here's a video tutorial for the setup:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8OQA4HXhk4


How can I reset my Unity Launcher settings?

Though the methods outlined in the other answer work for 12.04 to reset Unity, If you would like to revert the state cleanly and completely, you will need to use ppa purge to purge the two ppas that were added, re-install the packages that the script removed, and hope it solves the problem.

sudo ppa-purge ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo ppa-purge ppa:noobslab/mint
sudo apt-get install zeitgeist zeitgeist-core zeitgeist-datahub python-zeitgeist rhythmbox-plugin-zeitgeist geoclue geoclue-ubuntu-geoip geoip-database whoopsie ubuntuone-client* python-ubuntuone-storage* ubuntuone-installer* menu apt-xapian-index oneconf
sudo apt-get purge nemo

That partially reverts the changes done at the package level. I did not include a command to automatically uninstall all that were installed by the script for fear of removing something you need.

As a general rule, do not run a script if you are not sure what it does. It adds ppas and does not update apt before installing, so I have absolutely no idea why they were added in the first place. It installs a lot of stuff that was added probably only for his specific needs. Worse, that script made no backup of current settings, so they are lost forever.


How can I fix "W:  The repository is insufficiently signed by the key  (weak digest)" in my private repository?

The warning message is not about the encryption algorithm (4k RSA keys are considered totally fine and best practice right now). The digest algorithm is something else though: the hashing algorithm applied on the message body (in your case, the packages or package lists) which are then signed. GnuPG has rather conservative defaults to stay compatible, but those are slowly outpaced by progresses made in cryptanalysis.

You do not have to create a new key, but simply change the settings for GnuPG. The proposals by the Debian-administrator blog are still fine and help you setting reasonable defaults which are rather a little bit overcautious:

Set up the preferences to be used by GnuPG (for signing messages, encrypting to others, ...):

cat >>~/.gnupg/gpg.conf <<EOF
personal-digest-preferences SHA256
cert-digest-algo SHA256
default-preference-list SHA512 SHA384 SHA256 SHA224 AES256 AES192 AES CAST5 ZLIB BZIP2 ZIP Uncompressed
EOF

Setting preferred algorithms in your key to be used by others (at the same time adds a new self-signature with the updated settings from #1 above):

$ gpg --edit-key $KEYID
Command> setpref SHA512 SHA384 SHA256 SHA224 AES256 AES192 AES CAST5 ZLIB BZIP2 ZIP Uncompressed
Command> save

In future, digest algorithms considered secure should be chosen by GnuPG.


Ubuntu 15.04 - setup the headphone volume to 100% not speaker volume to 100%

Try to disable the "automute" control that you see in Alsamixer:
use right arrow arrow key to move to this control,
then down arrow key to disable "automute":
   your speaker should now be independent from headphone jack,
 and only controlled by the "speaker" fader  (mute it).


How do I access the Dropbox proprieties and choose the folders I want to sync?

This feature is called Selective Sync. Offical linux docs are in the former link, but I will copy them here for reference as 04/01/14.

  Select which folders to sync on Linux

  Click on the Dropbox icon from the menu bar. If you don't see the Dropbox icon, press the white up arrow to see all system tray icons.
  Select Preferences.
  Click the Account tab.
  Click the Selective Sync button.

  A window will appear with a list of all the top level folders in your
  Dropbox folder. The folders with a check next to them will be synced
  to your computer. Uncheck any folders that you don't need to sync to
  your computer's hard drive. When you're done, select OK. Any folders
  you deselected will be removed from your hard drive, but will still be
  available through the website and on any computers linked to your
  Dropbox account.

  Use the Advanced View button to drill down into the folders in your
  Dropbox. Click on the arrow next to the folders in your Dropbox to
  drill down and check or uncheck folders deep within your Dropbox
  hierarchy. From the command line

  If you have the Dropbox command line instructions script, then all you
  need to do to add a folder to the Selective Sync "do not sync" list is
  enter the following command in your Terminal.

/path/to/dropbox.py exclude add ~/Dropbox/path/to/folder/

  Simply substitute the /path/to/ to the actual paths to the CLI script
  and the folder or file, respectively.


Confusion with permissions on new installed HDDs

So I edited fstab so that the drives are mounted at boot without restrictions on the permissions and this worked.

This appears to not be the case.  Not only are there no such options in your fstab, but these options are not available for ext4 ( they are normally used for non unix filesystems like fat and ntfs ).

You simply need to use sudo chown -R yourname.yourname /general to make them be owned by you.


Master PDF Editor provides you advanced functions for working with PDF and XPS formats:

Create new PDF and XPS files or edit existing ones.
Add and/or edit bookmarks in PDF files.
Encrypt and/or protect PDF files using 128 bit encryption.
Convert XPS files into PDF.
Add PDF controls (like buttons, checkboxes, lists, etc.) into your
PDFs.
Import/export PDF pages into common graphical formats including
BMP, JPG, PNG, and TIFF.
Free PDF Editor on Linux ( for non-commercial use)

Ubuntu users can install Master PDF Editor by using Ubuntu Software Center(Old versions)

sudo apt-get install master-pdf-editor

Official source


It appears that the Java verification applet doesn't work with the implementation of Java that Ubuntu uses (OpenJDK), but other applets should work if you install the Java web plugin, which is a plugin that lets Java applets run in a web browser.
According to the community documentation for Java,

Browser plugin

Install the icedtea6-plugin package using any installation method.
Install the icedtea-7-plugin package using any installation method.

If you are using or want to use the default version of Java included with Ubuntu, just run
sudo apt-get install icedtea-plugin

If you want to use a specific version, just use the packages listed above.


Things may look differently depending on how you created the USB boot drive (which bootloader you are using and how it is configured).

You used Unetbootin to make the USB bootable. In BIOS mode (alias CSM alias legacy mode) syslinux will be used as bootloader. In UEFI mode grub will be used as bootloader. There will be different boot menus depending on the boot mode (BIOS or UEFI), but in both cases you are able to edit the boot sequence.

The reason to edit the boot sequence is that you may want to change or add some boot option(s).
See this link and links from it, Boot Options


Is defragmentation needed on Ubuntu 16.04? Do I need anything besides BleachBit for maintenance?

I don't use BleachBit so can't speak about it. But, I will address the fragmentation.
Two properties of the windows files system causes fragmentation:
First, Windows writes files sequentially (end to end with no space between). So if a files gets larger the new part has to written else where. Also, writing starts with the first available block, whether or not there is space for the whole file.
Second is write failure protection. When a file is saved (or resaved), the original is not overwritten. Windows writes the file to a new location, then verifies that the write was successful before deleting the original. This practice creates many "holes" in the file system.
The combination of these two causes fragmentation to grow quickly.
Ubuntu (and many other linux systems) use the ext4 file system and Smart file allocation.
Ext4 (and other journaled file systems) do not store files sequentially. Ext file systems leave space for potential file growth, and looks for blocks of free space that can hold all of the file when saving.  Thus reducing fragmentation as much as possible. Partitions can be used for years and still have fragmentation under 3%.
However, this anti-fragmentation design breaks down when the drive nears capacity (80% or more) since there simply are not large blocks of free space.
e4defrag is the default utility for defragmenting ext4 file systems


How to enable a functioning minimize button in ubuntu?

The buttons you are looking for (minimize,maximize) are options in 'Gnome Tweaks'.
you can download gnome tweaks through synaptic package manager, I think            software center as well. After its installed you will find it in the utilities grouping box in your applications menu. labeled as tweaks.
Win look a like themes most likely at gnomelooks.org. headings to look through - gtk themes gtk3 gtk2 and path if your asking what I think your asking, control+L, turns address buttons into address bar.
This is an excellent resource for learning to tweak Ubuntu.
Another thing to note is, I think your on the pure gnome desktop, - on your login screen there should be a branding circle, bottom right corner, - if I'm right click the logo and click Ubuntu desktop, it has minimize button.


Only this worked out for me:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.lockdown disable-lock-screen 'true'

This disables screen lock on user switch and hibernation wakeup.

PS: gsettings has to be configured for every user seperately.


How to configure pxelinux.cfg/default properly in order to install Ubuntu from network?

It sounds like your kernel and init are not loading (hence the hang). Are you sure your paths are correct? Also, check your filenames -- I'm not sure where you got 3.11.0.18-generic, my 14.04 server DVD netboot kernel is a file called "linux".

This line:

6          kernel 3.11.0.18-generic

Implies that a file called 3.11.0.18-generic exists in the root of your TFTP server, e.g. something like \tftpboot\3.11.0.18-generic or \var\lib\tftp\3.11.0.18-generic. Let's call this TFTPROOT. Similarly for install/initrd.gz - is there a file TFTPROOT/install/initrd.gz?

Your path on line 2 (default ubuntu-installer/amd64/boot-screens/vesamenu.c32) implies that you've copied the contents of DVDISO/install/netboot into your TFTP server root. E.g. you've likely got a folder called TFTPROOT/ubuntu-installer. However, the proper kernel and init file for netboot are(for me) contained in DVDISO/install/netboot/ubuntu-installer/amd64. So your paths should be kernel ubuntu-installer/amd64/linux and append initrd=ubuntu-installer/amd64/initrd.gz ...


Ubuntu 16.04 desktop change hot key doesn't working

I didn't find the reason. But, installing compizconfig-settings-manager I was able to get the configuration of other Ubuntu and restore the functionalities.


Some Items in System Settings are duplicated, how can I fix it?

Duplicated launchers cause duplicated icons
System settings is populated by .desktop files in /usr/share/applications, representing the different settings options.
Almost certainly, the duplicate icons are the result of duplicated versions of these .desktop files. Most likely the old .desktop files remained somehow after an upgrade from an earlier Ubuntu version. New versions will have slightly different names.
What to do
To find out, run
find /usr/share/applications -name *appear*.

...to find duplicates of the apperance' .desktop file.
In case of multiple files, keep the newest, remove the older ones. Subsequently log out and back in.
Repeat the procedure for all duplicated entries in the settings window, and it should be fixed.


Can't Even Try Ubuntu Due to error: failure reading sector 0x5b500 from 'hd1'

I too saw the error reading from sector 0x5b500, with the 64b version of 12.10.  It seems the support for UEFI (a BIOS replacement) is not yet complete.

I know of two solutions.

If you want just Ubuntu, then enter your computer's firmware and switch from UEFI to legacy. Then use the normal installation process.
If you want dual boot and the current OS uses EFI (which is probably your case), then you can switch to legacy only temporarily to install Ubuntu.  You must setup the partitions manually. At the end you'll have to switch back to EFI: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI#Converting_Ubuntu_into_EFI_mode


How to get total download size of a list?

I would suggest to use curl:

<download-list.txt xargs -n1 curl -sI |
  awk '/[cC]ontent-[lL]ength/{total_size+=$2} END{ print total_size " bytes" }'

The curl will print the header information (which file?) as like below that contains "Content-Length" in bytes (if the remote server can provide that); then with awk we are summing-up the second column which is the file size for the line if matched with Content-Length and at the END print the total size saved in total_size variable.

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 1921843200
Content-Type: application/x-iso9660-image
ETag: "728d0000-56ac4c63786e2"
Server: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
Last-Modified: Thu, 26 Apr 2018 18:44:15 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
Date: Wed, 23 May 2018 16:45:08 GMT

from man curl

  -I, --head
                (HTTP/FTP/FILE)  Fetch  the  HTTP-header  only!  HTTP-servers feature the command HEAD which this uses to get nothing
  but the
                header of a document. When used on an FTP or FILE file, curl displays the file size and last modification time only.

  -s, --silent
            Silent or quiet mode. Don't show progress meter or error messages.  Makes Curl mute. It will still output the  data  you  ask
            for, potentially even to the terminal/stdout unless you redirect it.


Installing Oracle Developer Studio on Ubuntu 14.04

I believe you can install Oracle Developer Studio just by downloading the tar file version and unzipping it. This method won't support updates via a package manager, but I was able to get it to work on Ubuntu 16.04. Once the tar file is downloaded it can be unziped with tar  and the program can be run by executing ./OracleDeveloperStudio12.6-linux-x86-bin/developerstudio12.6/bin/sunstudio


only 96GB of ~750GB after mounting to /home/....?

Start a shell and type

du /home/elliot/BigData

This will return the used space, as caulculated by the files that exist on the partition. You can append -h for human readable and -s for summary.

Per your comment, it's only showing 6.1GB used so something seems to be wrong with the partition. You can attempt to fix this with fsck. You need to unmount the volume to do this:

sudo umount /dev/sda4
sudo fsck /dev/sda4

However if this is your main Linux partition, you won't be able to do this from a running instance. You'll need to boot into a LiveCD/USB. Run sudo lsblk to find the partition name (which will be different from /dev/sda4 in the live environment) and run the fsck.


How to hide or remove the bar which is top of the terminal?

You are using gnome-terminal? If so, go to Edit->Keyboard Shortcuts-> and uncheck Enable menu access keys (...).

But I too advise you to try out the guake terminal. It's cool.


Cannot access wireless on my ACER Gateway NE56R laptop. However wired connection works perfectly fine

It's always best to search by network card model rather than laptop model because the same model of laptop can contain a different network card depending on what they had in the factory on that day.

I suggest:

Open a terminal (Ubuntu 10.04 = applications - accessories - terminal) (Ubuntu 12.04 = windows key, type 'terminal' - press enter)
Paste this: lspci | grep Network
Search Google for the model of wireless network card listed with 'ubuntu' appended.

Hope this helps.

Richard


I looked and found this one in the software center.

It is called Pulseaudio Volume Meter (Playback) It will be found on the side, but you just double click on the icon and then you can drag and drop it wherever you would like.


Since the issues are not present in the guest session, it's something in your $HOME folder which has been messed up. My guess is that the file ~/.config/dconf/user is the culprit, and that deleting it would make the problems go away. Please note, though, that doing so resets quite a few settings to default.

I would suggest that you rename the file:

cd .config/dconf
mv user user.bak

and relogin. Then, if I'm proved wrong, you can make use of the backup.


NVMe SSD suspend/resume is a know bug
This problem has been reported on Launchpad and ArchLinux. The solution is to edit /etc/default/grub with sudo powers and find the line:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet kaslr acpiphp.disable=1 pcie_aspm=off nloglevel=3 udev.log-priority=3"

Your options will be different but add the option acpiphp.disable=1 between the double quotes.
Save the file and run sudo update-grub
Reboot and then suspend and resume will work, unless it's a different problem.
What does acpiphp.disable=1 do?
According to the kernel developer in 2013 this disables ACPI hot-plugging. However that doesn't mean hot-plugging is disabled on your machine. For example, replugging the USB cord to your Android phone brings up Nautilus to view files as it should. Also power cycling a second TV connected to your laptop via USB-C ThunderBolt 3 to Displayport to HDMI adapter reorganizes windows across workspaces as it should.


How to install social engineering toolkit?

I wouldn't use whatever guide you are using, they moved their stuff to git several months ago:

sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/trustedsec/social-engineer-toolkit/ set/

cd set
pip install -r requirements.txt

Resources:

https://github.com/trustedsec/social-engineer-toolkit/


A similar thing happened to me with an sd card adapter once and it turned out there was a plastic knobble on the adapter that could be moved and it was set to read only so I had to flip it. I am not sure if USBs have this kind of write protection, but if you find a flippable knoble than try flipping it.


initramfs, what is it and why am I getting this message

Run the next to see your UUIDs:

sudo blkid | grep -i swap

Create /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume file by:

sudo -H gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume

Paste there previously taken UUID for your /dev/sda5.

For example:

$ sudo blkid | grep -i swap
[sudo] password for user:
/dev/sdb5: UUID="1053a199-0b8f-44ae-9356-c04f5864b138" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="4e24c763-05"

UUID is of TYPE="swap":

user@lenovo:~$ cat /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume
RESUME=UUID=1053a199-0b8f-44ae-9356-c04f5864b138

/etc/default/grub also could contain option for resume from swap partition:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash resume=/dev/sda5"

sudo update-grub
sudo update-initramfs -c -k $(uname -r)


Boot and random freeze problems with 18.04 on ASUS X299 Prime Deluxe

You're having kernel panics. Somewhat difficult to diagnose, so lets try the basics first. fsck and memtest.
Step #1
Lets first check your file system for errors.
To check the file system on your Ubuntu partition...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

If for some reason you can't do the above...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start gparted and determine which /dev/sdaX is your Ubuntu EXT4 partition
quit gparted
open a terminal window
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdaX # replacing X with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

Step #2
Boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB and run memtest for at least one complete pass.
Report back.


The main reason is because shells are built to trap the TERM signal. This behavior is documented. To quote bash 4.3 manual:

  SIGNALS

  When bash is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SIGTERM (so that kill  0  does  not  kill  an
         interactive  shell),  and  SIGINT  is  caught  and handled (so that the wait builtin is interruptible).  In all
         cases, bash ignores SIGQUIT.  If job control is in effect, bash ignores SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU, and SIGTSTP.

From man kill:

  The  default signal for kill is TERM.

Now if you were to specify kill -KILL $$, what would indeed kill your shell, and once the controlling shell exits - that would close the terminal. The options -9, -KILL and -SIGKILL are all aliases for the same kill signal, which is why any of these 3 work, and is one of the aliases that Siguza pointed out in the comments.

Contrasting to what M. Becerra said, this has nothing to do with window itself, as window PID is always different from shell's:

# Shell PID
$ cat /proc/self/status  | grep '^Pid:'
Pid:    7058
$ echo $$
14709
# GUI window PID
$ xdotool getactivewindow getwindowpid
2774


Give list of packages installed with apt a name

The equivs package seems to do exactly what I wanted, very simply creating a .deb file that can be installed and queried using dpkg-query.  See tutorial for walk-through.


Xubuntu on MSI GS66 Stealth: no ethernet found

Just upgraded kernel to 5.8 from 5.4 and now it works.


"No input source selected" in Region & Language

Maybe your dconf database is corrupted. To find out, you may want to open a terminal window, run these commands:

cd ~/.config/dconf
mv user user.bak

and relogin.


How can I create a shortcut for running an AppImage without the terminal in Gnome?

You could do it using appimaged:

Download trial version of navicat15 from here
chmod +x ~/Downloads/navicat15-mysql-en.AppImage
mkdir ~/bin
cp ~/Downloads/navicat15-mysql-en.AppImage ~/bin
Download appimaged:

wget "https://github.com/AppImage/appimaged/releases/download/continuous/appimaged-x86_64.AppImage"

chmod a+x appimaged-x86_64.AppImage
./appimaged-x86_64.AppImage --install
export PATH=$PATH:/home/user/.local/bin - optional, if your echo $PATH does not contain /home/user/.local/bin directory, where appimaged binary is copied. Could be added in ~/.bashrc
Run it by appimaged -v - this command will register .AppImage file found in ~/bin directory
After some time check Applications menu and find out Navicat 15 for MySQL there.
Interrupt appimaged -v command execution by Ctrl+C.

Tested on Ubuntu 19.10 and Lubuntu 18.04.


How to install it87 kernel module for 18.04 (ryzen 2xxx support)

I know this isn't the answer you want.
As of this moment it appears that the IT8665e chip is not supported by the it87 module. According to a support query by olysonek and a response by goeck found here and quoted below.

re IT8665E: I had an out-of-tree driver supporting it on github, but marked it as private because I got harassed about taking it upstream which I didn't have the time for (much less anyone seriously reviewing it, or helping to kink out its bugs, or chip/board vendor support). There should be various clones of this driver (named it87) on github. There are no efforts I know of to take the code upstream.
The IT8665E is often used in conjunction with IT8686E on the same board, and it is often accessed from an EC on the board. This causes interactions which I have not been able to sufficiently address. While that was somewhat acceptable for an out-of-tree driver, the resulting instabilities would affect lots of people if the code was upstreamed, which in my opinion is unacceptable. Anyone who wants the code upstream should discuss with ITE and board vendors to get the necessary support.


extract text from a file using terminal?

For example:

 egrep "id_ad=[[:digit:]]+&action" file.txt |  tr "=&" "  " | cut -d " " -f2

...but I am sure there are more elegant ways ;-).

Step by step:

egrep "id_ad=[[:digit:]]+&action" file.txt

scan file.txt for the pattern (regular expression) that is composed by a literal id_ad=, followed by 1 or more digits (the meaning of [[:digit:]]+, followed by a literal &action. Send the output to standard output.

tr "=&" "  "

transforms the characters "=" and "&" into two spaces.

cut -d " " -f2

print the second field (space-separated) of the standard input.


run

sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get install redis-server

i think you are trying to install using sudo apt-get -f install redis-server that will not install broken packege dependency.if this not work then try with other repository.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chris-lea/redis-server
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install redis-server

or

open sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/redis.list and paste

deb http://packages.dotdeb.org squeeze all
deb-src http://packages.dotdeb.org squeeze all

save it and run command

sudo wget -q -O - http://www.dotdeb.org/dotdeb.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install redis-server


Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS update problems sudo apt-get update

Looks like you didn't import GPG keys when you added the winehq repository:

GPG error: https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu bionic InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 818A435C5FCBF54A

Try importing them with this command:

wget -qO- https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/Release.key | sudo apt-key add -

and then do a sudo apt-get update.

The error should be gone.


They're [probably] all the same (gold has an extra version -- see the end of this post).
But consider the rest of this answer code-golf for the best way to extract the versions.

dpkg -L binutils | grep "/usr/bin/" | xargs -i sh -c "{} --version"

Does pretty much what roadmr's does.

dpkg -L binutils | xargs -i sh -c "{} --version 2>/dev/null || exit 0"

Tries to run everything dpkg -L ... outputs. Obviously only the executables will run so we just need to redirect error (and make xargs ignore them).

dpkg -L binutils | xargs -i bash -c '[[ -x "{}" && -f "{}" ]] && {} --version'

Test that we're dealing with an executable file rather than filtering path.

sudo apt-get install parallel
dpkg -L binutils | grep /usr/bin/ | parallel {} --version
dpkg -L binutils | parallel {} --version 2>/dev/null
dpkg -L binutils | parallel '[[ -x "{}" && -f "{}" ]] && {} --version'

This time we use GNU parallel to do the same approaches. parallel lets us skip over certain inconveniences in xargs (like it not being able to skip over any non-zero exit code. man parallel is a genuinely good read.

With all that said, while shorter, all my examples fork out into a new shell (unavoidable with xargs, and sort of the point of parallel) so they're all somewhat slower than roadmr's. The first is the quickest.

Edit: Until now...

sh <(dpkg -L binutils | awk '/bin\// {print $0 " --version"}')

Only two forks (sort of) and it's as fast as the for loop (while much shorter).

Edit: They're actually not quite the same. gold has a secondary version (1.11) which the other commands don't.

$ sh <(dpkg -L binutils | awk '/bin\// {print $0 " --version"}') | \
    grep Binutils | sort -u | column -t
GNU  addr2line  (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  ar         (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  assembler  (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  c++filt    (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  dwp        (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  elfedit    (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  gold       (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu   2.23.52.20130913)  1.11
GNU  gprof      (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  ld         (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  nm         (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  objcopy    (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  objdump    (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  ranlib     (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  readelf    (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  size       (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  strings    (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913
GNU  strip      (GNU  Binutils  for  Ubuntu)  2.23.52.20130913


From the USB identifier (in this case, 13B1:0029, also known as VID_13B1&PID_0029), you can research driver information.

wikidevi.com is a superb resource to research, and that USB device is https://wikidevi.com/wiki/Linksys_WUSB300N.

Unfortunately, this device has no Linux driver support. While you could try to Ndiswrapper, you will find that this very old device only has 32-bit NDIS drivers and will not work with 64-bit Ubuntu editions.

You would be well advised to locate a USB Wi-Fi device with native support.


Scanning

scanimage > image.png

More info man scanimage

Printing

Connect your printer through usb, and do lsusb to find under what name it is reported to the system. For example I have Desjet_F4200.

Next, lp /path/to/your/file  -d Deskjet_   and double-tap TAB button to complete the name. You can always turn this into a script instead of typing printer name every time:

#!/bin/bash
# Author:Sergiy
# Description: script to print 1 inch margin documents

lp $*  -d Deskjet_F4200 -o page-bottom=72 -o page-top=72 -o page-left=72 -o page-right=72


How are Ubuntu bugs' importance values decided?

(Source: Bugs/Importance  (Bug Squad  Documentation))

The Ubuntu Bug Squad is one of the driving forces for Ubuntu Bugs, and maintains a documentation of this for the reference of every person.

For the sake of people who hate reading other sites, and for the few people who might be too lazy to click on the link at the beginning of this answer, I'll basically copy verbatim the Bug Squad Knowledge base information that is relevant to here:

  QUICK NOTE: When "Core" or "Non-Core" is referenced here, the bug squad is consdering "core" as part of the ubuntu-desktop package, or what gets installed by default on the LiveCD images.  This may change in future, depending on further discussion within the Bug Squad on this matter.

(Note the below information may be out of date with the documentation on the wiki, you should refer to the wiki for the most up-to-date information.)

Ubuntu uses the following guidelines for assigning importance. The importance of the bug signifies the priority that it should be given by people fixing bugs.

Here are the meanings of the different importance values):

Undecided: The default for new bugs. Also means that there is insufficient information to determine importance
Wishlist: Missing functionality

These aren't always bugs, but can be ideas for new features which do not yet exist.
These can also be requests to have software packaged for Ubuntu.
If it is non-trivial to implement, it should rather be written as a feature specification, see FeatureSpecifications.
These can be bugs that affect an experimental extension or non-essential feature of a given package/project.
Bugs that would only be fixed on a best-effort or outside-contribution basis might also be considered wishlist.

Low: Bugs which affect functionality, but to a lesser extent than most bugs, examples are:

Bugs that have easy work-arounds
Bugs that affect unusual end-user configurations or uncommon hardware
Bugs that affect a non-essential aspect and limited scope of the application
Bugs that have a moderate impact on a non-core application
Cosmetic/usability issues that does not limit the functionality of a non-core application
Non-ideal default configurations

Medium: Most bugs are of medium importance, examples are:

A bug that has a moderate impact on a core application
A bug that has a severe impact on a non-core application
A bug which impacts accessibility of a non-core application
A usability issue that does not limit the functionality of a core application
A problem with a non-essential hardware component (removable network card, camera, webcam, music player, sound card, power management feature, printer, etc.)

High: A bug which fulfills one of the following criteria:

Has a severe impact on a small portion of Ubuntu users (estimated)
Makes a default Ubuntu installation generally unusable for some users. (For example, if the system fails to boot, or X fails to start, on a certain make and model of computer)
A problem with an essential hardware component (disk controller, built-in networking, video card, keyboard, mouse)
Has a moderate impact on a large portion of Ubuntu users (estimated)
Prevents the application or any dependencies from functioning correctly at all
Renders essential features or functionality of the application or dependencies broken or ineffective
Impacts accessibility of a core application

Critical: A bug which has a severe impact on a large portion of Ubuntu users

Causes data corruption
Crashes the entire operating system
Renders the system temporarily or permanently unusable
Severely affects applications beyond the package responsible for the root cause

The Ubuntu Bug Control members have the access to set these importance statuses on bugs under the purview of Ubuntu (including packages, which ubuntu-bug will do), and can either set them themselves, or at the request of a member of the Bug Squad who is not a Bug Control member.

Generally, when I handle bugs and decide an importance and whether its ready for triaging (unless its blatantly obvious), I follow the Triage Guide for deciding how to triage the bug (which sets the Status of a bug to "Triaged") and the guidelines I've posted (and linked to) above for deciding Importance. (I'm on the Bug Squad, and I am a member of Bug Control, if you're curious)


need to re-install grub2 to /boot pbr (not mbr). Use live cd and the grub-install?

Mount your / partition in /mnt and your /boot partition in /mnt/boot, then chroot into the system and run dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc and choose the install location from the menu.

sudo -s
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/boot
for f in dev sys proc dev/pts ; do mount --bind /$f /mnt/$f ; done
chroot /mnt
dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc


I installed latest OpenOffice 4 and mail merge by email works out of the box.


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS -- Printing Service Not Available

I had same problem.  Config file is incorrectly located.
Follow directions as per this link.
    https://ubuntu-mate.community/t/cups-service-stopped-um-18-04/17381

  There is a default configuration file which should be installed in
  /usr/share/cups/cupsd.conf.default so I ran:

sudo cp /usr/share/cups/cupsd.conf.default /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
sudo service cups restart


Move window to right/left workspace shortcut

In Ubuntu 14.04 (and probably earlier versions), there is a default key-binding of Shift-Ctrl-Alt-[arrow].  E.g. to move the current window one workspace to the right, use Shift-Ctrl-Alt-Right.

The key-binding can be edited in Settings->Keyboard->Shortcuts->Navigation.


Copy Multiple Folders with Similar Directory Structure and Maintain Structure in New Location

cp copies the leaf of the source (last part of the path), and in your case, * matches one or more leaf objects. Even if -r will copy directories recursively, it's probably better to use -a instead to preserve all attributes.
cp -r /home/user/app-data/* /storage/location

If you need more advanced filter options, you could take advantage of find and cpio in combination.
In this example we just copy the directory structure:
find /home/user/app-data \
  -type d -links 2 -printf %P\\0 | \
   cpio -0 -pvdmu -D /home/user/app-data -- /storage/location

(The fact, a directory with no subdirectories only has two hard links ., .. we can make use of -links 2 to get all end directories, either way how you construct your filter, most important is find and cpio has the same starting-point).


What is the Ubuntu accessibility for blind people?

"It's easy to think that an operating system is easy to use, but we often forget that the same OS needs to work for people who can't have the same experience as the rest of us."

Ubuntu is one of the most used operating systems, and it stands to reason that it's also being used by all kinds of people. This is why Canonical needs to have a much better accessibility support, and they are now working towards this end. Read more..

Here are some examples of Ubuntu and Linux community as a whole supporting people with Visual problems.

Options in Default Ubuntu.

Gnome-orca is installed by default on Ubuntu. The Shortcut to turn on/off this feature is by pressing Alt  + Super + S. Or you can manually activate in Settings --> Universal Access --> Seeing. There you should see couple of useful settings like High Contrast, Large text, etc..

One can also increase scaling factor in System Settings --> Displays --> Scale factor

There are many similar open source projects available to download and install.

brltty

BRLTTY is a background process (daemon) which provides access to the Linux/Unix console (when in text mode) for a blind person using a refreshable braille display. It drives the braille display, and provides complete screen review functionality. Some speech capability has also been incorporated.
webanywhere

WebAnywhere is a web-based screen reader for the web.
emacspeak

Emacspeak is a free speech interface and that allows visually impaired users to interact independently and efficiently with the computer.

The best option is the Vinux Project.

Vinux is an Ubuntu derived distribution optimized for the needs of blind and partially sighted users. By default Vinux provides two screen readers, Braille support plus an accessible suite of applications.

Features :

First of all, its available in 3 different Desktop Environments. (all by default)

Unity
Gnome
Mate Desktop Environment.

Includes Orca Screen  Reader and magnifier.

Includes Speakup : console screen reader
Includes Compiz :  a magnifier based on 3d technology
Wonderful support for Braille displays. You get the best drivers.

Interested to read What Vinux Users Think? Testimonials : http://www.vinuxproject.org/what-vinux-users-think

To Download Vinux 5.0 : http://vinuxproject.org/downloads/

The following content may not be very much related to Ubuntu in particular, But it is useful for those with real necessity.

ADRIANE - Audio Desktop Reference Implementation and Networking Environment (Part of Knoppix project)

ADRIANE is an easy-to-use, talking desktop system with optional support for braille, which can be used entirely without vision oriented output devices. Especially access to standard internet services like email, surfing the web, scanning and reading of printed documents and using mobile phone extension services like SMS are supported.
Talking Arch

Talking Arch is a speech- and braille-enabled version of the Arch Linux distro. More details : Arch-Wiki-TalkingArch
Sonar GNU/Linux

Sonar GNU/Linux aims to be an accessible GNU/Linux distribution to people of all needs. The project's goal is to bring awareness of free accessible software to people that depend on assistive technology. It is based on Manjaro Linux.

Sonar is designed for people of all kind of disabilities. It helps people with Low motor skills, Visually impaired

Features :

 Assistive Technology Built-in
 Orca screen reader
 Screen Magnification
 On-screen Keyboard
 OpenDyslexic Font
 eViacam Head and Eye Tracking Software

For more details, visit http://sonargnulinux.com/
BLINUX

The purpose of BLINUX project
is to improve usability of the LINUX operating system
for the user who is blind More Details..


Environment Path Variable Not working properly

When you are using Bash-Shell you should define the PATH Variables the following way in your .bashrc:

PATH="/bin:/usr/bin/: and other paths:$PATH"

Print the Path env-varibale

printenv PATH

So that we can see what happens.


ubuntu webapps create multiple icons when opened

You are presented with a choice when the webapps are first utilised. You may either install the additional "features" (the Unity Quick Launcher icon) or not. This is supposed to be a shortcut of sort for most used web applications. Handy for tablets, phones, maybe not so much for a PC or desktop. It becomes a matter of personal preference to my way of thinking, but that is opinion, not a statement of fact. Given that, my choice is to use an extension for the browser (the Speed Dial) that provides fast access to all chosen sites.

YMMV here, as you may want those shortcuts in the launcher. They arrive there to speed access, but can become annoying (IMHO) if they take too much screen real-estate.

HTH. Have a nice day.


The output you're getting E: Unable to locate package php5-gmp is telling you the package isn't in the repository.  You can verify by running this:

$ apt-check search php5-gmp

If the package exist, you will see some information about it.  If it doesn't there won't be any output.

You can broaden your filter, for example in this case, remove the -gmp and analyze what you find.  On a default installation your response will be similar to:

$ apt-cache search php5
bluefish - advanced Gtk+ text editor for web and software development
phing - PHP5 project build system based on Apache Ant
php-auth - Creating an authentication system
php-doc - Documentation for PHP5
php-http-request2 - Provides an easy way to perform HTTP requests
php-letodms-lucene - Document management system - Fulltext search
php-memcache - memcache extension module for PHP5
php-memcached - memcached extension module for PHP5, uses libmemcached
php-net-dns2 - PHP5 Resolver library used to communicate with a DNS server
phpunit - Unit testing suite for PHP5

Alternatively you can use a regex filter for your apt-search.  In this case you want php and gmp.  So you could use:

The following and get the following results:

$ apt-cache search php.*gmp
php-gmp - GMP module for PHP [default]
php7.0-gmp - GMP module for PHP

The resolution in this case is to use this to install your package:

$ sudo apt install php-gmp

By the way, php7 is the default php version for Ubuntu 16.04.1.

If this is a fresh install make sure your repository cache is up-to-date.  YOu can do this with:

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade
$ sudo apt dist-upgrade


Have you seen this wiki article:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows

When you install Windows it rewrites the MBR (Master Boot Record) with the Windows boot loader.  Following the procedure under "The Graphical Way" should get your grub back ;-)


If the computer is yours you shouldn't have to be concerned with passwords and the problems of the computer.  You might best just download and burn an Ubuntu DVD and install fresh.  Starting fresh will ensure that you have files complete and can download whatever you want in a more personal manner.  Since you'e just getting the computer, what would you be loosing.

As far as passwords, having physical access to the computer, it would be easy to setup your own passwords.  Use the same install disk that I just suggested, login the try option, mount the drive and remove the root password from the boot partition.  Then you'd be able to log in as root and setup new passwords.

Once booting into the try ubuntu you can mount the disk from the commandline with:

Find the partition with the Ubuntu installtion:

$ cat /proc/partitions

Mount that partition:

$ sudo mount /dev/[desired partition] /mnt

The desired partition is the one with the installation

$ sudo nano /mnt/etc/passwd

Change from:

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

Change to (remove the x from the password field):

root::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

Now you can exit out of the try ubuntu and boot to the OS.  You can log in as root and remove or change any of the passwords to whatever you want them to be.


Files in /etc/skel must be in place before first user login.

P.S.: I think what I find the problem - your script creates home directory for user:

sudo mkdir -p "${WORK}/new/home/xubuntu/"
sudo mkdir -p "${WORK}/new/home/xubuntu/Desktop/Anleitungen"

You need to use /etc/skel for this too.


I had the same problem on an ASUS X540S.

I can turn off the computer with:

shutdown -h now

I confirm that this solution only works sometimes.


"Glib.h: No such file or directory" error despite installing libglib2.0-dev

I had a similar problem. You could try running locate glib.h. On my system the locate returns:

/home/jere/src/last.fm-1.4.2.58240/src/transcode/mpgli/mpglib/mpglib.h
/usr/include/dbus-1.0/dbus/dbus-glib.h
/usr/include/glib-2.0/glib.h
/usr/include/libdbusmenu-glib-0.4/libdbusmenu-glib/dbusmenu-glib.h
/usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.0-29-generic/include/config/blk/dev/bsglib.h

and I ended up adding the -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 to the include path of the compiler (in the Makefile).

I guess this is because not all linux distributions install the glib development files to the same folder.


CIFS mounting in /etc/fstab stopped working in Ubuntu 16.04 (mount ignores entries)

As suggested by sempaiscuba and stelldriver, I replaced noauto by noperm and now it works like it did before.


Ubuntu uses gdm3 nowadays and there it is called gnome extensions. You can find them on the extensions.gnome.org. From the 1st link:

Extensions
The GNOME Shell extension design is designed to give a high degree of power to the parts of the GNOME interface managed by the shell, such as window management and application launching. It simply loads arbitrary JavaScript and CSS. This gives developers a way to make many kinds of changes and share those changes with others, without having to patch the original source code and recompile it, and somehow distribute the patched code.
The extension system is a replacement for the "applets" or "widgets" system of GNOME 2. Extensions can add their own items to the top panel, but they can also do much more: adding a custom search provider, for instance. For more information, see this post.


Ubuntu 20.04 won't boot after windows 10 update

There is a few things you can try:

Change the BIOS boot from Legacy support to UEFI
Deactivate fast boot in UEFI mode in the BIOS

If that doesn't work:

Boot your computer from a Live USB
Open a terminal and run the following commands:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y boot-repair
boot-repair
Follow the instructions (select 'recommended repair').
When the repair tool finish, you will get a prompt window with a link and instructions for further support.
If any of the above solve the issue, try to create a boot-repair disk (USB).
As a last resource, I'd try to reinstall Ubuntu. You may have the option of reinstall the system and keep softaware and main files.
Community Help Wiki


How do I move Nautilus' navigation buttons to the left?

At the moment there is not solution for this issue, its not a theme related setting that can be changed easily.

If you feel this is greatly affecting you, you may report a bug and suggest the change or the lack of that kind of settings directly to the gnome developers.

Has an option you can try to use another file manager that has the navigation buttons on the left side, I recommend you marlin the ElementaryOS file manager.

Bar can be customized

You can install it by adding the marlin official PPA

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:marlin-devs/marlin-daily/daily && sudo apt-get update

Install marlin using this command

sudo apt-get install marlin

After that launch in your dash or by pressing AltF2 and typing marlin.

Be aware that marlin is still under development and should be used with some caution.


How do you append info to an environment variable?

Try this:

export vname=${vname}:appendedtext

Demo:

$ export foo=bar
$ echo $foo
bar
$ export foo=${foo}:baz
$ echo $foo
bar:baz


How do I pass dns parameters during boot

In diskless booting (e.g. using NFS), you often specify ip4 as follows:

ip=<client-ip>:<server-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<device>:<autoconf>:<dns0-ip>:<dns1-ip>

Perhaps that's the syntax you were looking for and would work in your instance?

Here's the kernel doc reference: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt


All tcl files are zipped on that page and downloads are http redirect. So for example, i'm going to download !Ping TCL from this page: http://www.egghelp.org/tclhtml/3478-4-0-0-1.htm using wget

First, I copied the link address by right clicking on !Ping link and then:

wget -O Ping.zip "http://www.egghelp.org/cgi-bin/tcl_archive.tcl?mode=download&id=1175"

hope this help.

see man wget for more wget help.


Banshee with enabled ClutterFlow plugin crashes

Rather than deleting all your banshee settings (and database) you can just clear your plugin settings by running

cp -R  ~/.config/banshee-1 ~/.config/banshee-1-backup
rm -rf ~/.config/banshee-1/addin-db-*

That also creates a backup... Just in case.


Play a sound file when connecting to the Internet?

Someone at ubuntuforums made a python script to play sounds when it connects or loose connection. It was probably made for Ubuntu 10.04, so i don't know if it will work with newer versions.

Here's the link to the original thread.


Blank (missing) ligatures (tt, ti, fi, ff etc.) in FF when Cambria / Calibri fonts are used

Resolution is fairly easy, if you have other Ubuntu computer where all displays properly.

I had Calibri Regular on my system. At work, I noticed, that all sites that were missing ligatures when looked at at home, are displayed properly. I took a look with fc-match what is used there to display Calibri, and sure enough, it was DejaVu Sans. So, at home, I've deleted the Calibri Regular font (DejaVu Sans was second in fall-back stack) and voila:


rsync delete files from target if not existing in source

Yes, --delete and --ignore-existing options of rsync will work together.

Here is a test (check the modification times especially):

:~/foo$ ls -l
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 0 Mar 27 14:38 egg.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 0 Mar 27 14:38 ignore.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 0 Mar 27 14:38 spam.txt

:~/bar$ ls -l
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 0 Mar 27 14:40 ignore.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 0 Mar 27 14:40 remove.txt

$ rsync -r --delete --ignore-existing ~/foo/ ~/bar/

:~/bar$ ls -l
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 0 Mar 27 14:42 egg.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 0 Mar 27 14:40 ignore.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 0 Mar 27 14:42 spam.txt


check for muted sound, using alsamixer

m toogles the mute. MM represents a muted device, OO a non-muted one


How do I stop default localhost virtualhost from directing to named virtual host?

According to Apache documentation, ServerName requires an FQDN. localhost name is not a Fully qualified domain name.

Try to change your 000-default.conf:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin email@email.com
    ServerName default.localhost
    DocumentRoot /var/www/
    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Change Windows hosts:

 192.168.10.10  default.localhost

According to apache manual:

Syntax: <VirtualHost addr[:port] [addr[:port]] ...> ... </VirtualHost>

Addr can be any of the following, optionally followed by a colon and a port number (or *):

 The IP address of the virtual host;
 A fully qualified domain name for the IP address of the virtual host (not recommended);
 The character *, which acts as a wildcard and matches any IP address.
 The string _default_, which is an alias for *

So, I suggest to change:

 <VirtualHost default.dev:80>

with:

 <VirtualHost *:80>


Same happened to me and this helped:

Notify-osd notifications appear unthemed in top-left corner

i3 installs dunst, which takes over ubuntu's notification system and shows notifications with i3 styling.

Stopping and uninstalling dunst fixed the problem for me.


Which Release Of Ubuntu should I prefer ? (16.04 or 17.04)

Ubuntu 16.04 is a "long term support" release that is supported with security updates through April 2021. Ubuntu 17.04, though newer, will only be supported through January 2018.

If you want an operating system that you can install and keep for years, and that you will not need to upgrade to a newer version in the next 8 months or so, stick with 16.04.

If newer features are more important to you and you're comfortable with needing to upgrade your system in a few months, feel free to use Ubuntu 17.04. (As someone else pointed out, there is no Ubuntu 17.01).


Display on second monitor misbehaves in portrait mode with Nvidia GTX GPU on Ubuntu 20.04

I can't enable portrait mode at all for any of my monitors in the display settings. (arandr kind of works, but limits me to 60 Hz.)

However, turns out I can do it in the Nvidia Control Panel or with xrandr. Maybe, as a workaround, you could put something like this in a startup script:

xrandr --output DP-0 --rotate left

You would have to replace DP-0 with whatever output your secondary monitor is connected to, of course.

Specs for reference:

OS: Ubuntu 20.04 Beta
GPU: RTX 2060 Super
Driver: Nvidia 440.64
Monitor 1: Acer XV273K
Monitor 2: Asus PG278Q


Ubuntu 18.04 installation/upgrade freezes

I own MSI GS73VR 6RF. Even I had the same problem. But I was able to fix it by applying nomodeset during the boot from the liveCD.  Complete explanation is given in

How do I set 'nomodeset' after I've already installed Ubuntu?

Try from the second step.( Step - press e)


why won't terminal recognize /ect directory directly?

You have a typo in the directory name. It is /etc, not /ect.

Just to be clear, it seems you have not created a directory named /ect yourself so we can assume the standard name which is /etc.

I would suggest you to have a look at man hier to get more idea about how directories are laid out typically in Linux.


You can either run

lscpu

or

cat /proc/cpuinfo

The most definative way would probably be to run:

lscpu | grep op-mode

That will give you a nice 1 line return.


Upgrade from 11.04 to 11.10, getting "W:Failed to fetch gzip..."

That's a local file /var/lib.... sudo rm it, sudo apt-get update the try again. If necessary, remove the entire contents of the partial folder, update and try.


I found out how to do it. In the extensions just only uncheck "Show Banshee in sound Menu" and that takes it off the sound menu.


/sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/pwm1 missing after upgrading to 20.04

I ended up using NBFC to control the fan.

For comparison with the previous method:

Only 6 level vs 205
No quiet ventilation is possible: the slowest level is noisy, so its either passive either noisy.
maximum speed is about 70 % of the real maximum

The performance are worse than my previous configuration but the big and absolute advantage is that it works with newer kernels


Try this bro, works for me
wget https://dl.strem.io/shell-linux/v4.4.116/stremio_4.4.116-1_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/multiverse/f/fdk-aac/libfdk-aac1_0.1.5-1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libfdk-aac1_0.1.5-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./stremio_4.4.116-1_amd64.deb


How can I make the background dark while watching video?

You can do this with the VLC media player:

Install  vlc
Load your video.
Uncheck Video ➜ Scale. This will keep the video the same size when viewed in fullscreen.
Hit F11 to make VLC fullscreen.
Hit Ctrl+H to hide the interface.


Great that you share! I had the same initial problem:

realm: No such realm found:

I was following these guides:

https://computingforgeeks.com/join-ubuntu-debian-to-active-directory-ad-domain/
https://www.server-world.info/en/note?os=Ubuntu_18.04&p=realmd

My problem was solved by two smaller actions:

The new netplan settings file made by the installation looked like this:

cat /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml:

It was like that:

network:
  ethernets:
    enp0s4:
        addresses:
        - 192.168.1.8/24
        gateway4: 192.168.1.3
        nameservers:
            addresses:
            - 192.168.1.252
            - 192.168.1.253
            - 192.168.1.3
            - 1.1.1.1
            search:
            - domain.loc
version: 2

When I swapped to my old proven setting structure, it looks like this:

network:
  ethernets:
    enp0s4:
        dhcp4: no
        addresses: [192.168.1.8/24]
        gateway4: 192.168.1.3
        nameservers:
          addresses: [192.168.1.252,192.168.1.253,192.168.1.3,1.1.1.1]
version: 2

The latter example is what I needed to get it to function.
Disable IPv6 - (Maybe this was not causing the initial problem, but I disabled it before trying the netplan solution so I had it already adjusted so I want to share it.)

I changed these two lines in /etc/default/grub and added ipv6.disable=1:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="ipv6.disable=1"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="ipv6.disable=1"

And ran update-grub.


How to get WNA3100 Netgear Wireless Adapter drivers working without internet

I just decided to go out and purchase a Linux supported pcie adapter, really love Ubuntu so far too :)!

If anyone in the future has this issue and is running Ubuntu I recommend purchasing this as it didn't require any drivers, worked out of the box.


Is it a security risk if the /tmp folder is not owned by root?

I don't think there's an inherent risk if /tmp doesn't belong to root, but it should belong to root following best practices (it's a system directory).

Also, note that the /tmp directory permissions must have the sticky bit set:

drwxrwxrwt  4 root root  4096 2012-02-19 19:56 tmp

This way, files created in /tmp can be read and written only by the user that creates them. Not doing this is indeed a security risk as users could write or delete files that belong to other users or processes.

Regarding your session, I believe you should be able to solve this by changing the ownership from a console, while the X system is down (go to a TTY console with CTRL+ALT+F1, service lightdm stop (or service gdm stop), change ownership and reboot).

To change owner and permissions, you can use:

sudo chown root:root /tmp
sudo chmod 1777 /tmp


Wireless device does not work on Compaq Presario V2000

You likely have Broadcom chip, confirm this with

lspci -vvnn

and look for the "Network controller" section, then find the chip on the first line after the {14e4,...)  See http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/b43 for the correct driver, but it's probably b43.
These days, the b43 driver works fine after you add the firmware, so add package linux-firmware-nonfree for any chip other than a 4306 rev before 3
For the older 4306 revs, use the b43legacy driver.
Uninstall any ndiswrapper or other Broadcom drivers, and things should work.


Why do the GNOME symbolic icons appear darker in a running application?

The symbolic icons are created in a chroma-keyed color, gray with full opacity (#bebebeff). They can then be colored based on the fg_color value defined by the theme in settings.ini (GTK3) or gtkrc (GTK2); or on the fg_color defined in the CSS (GTK3).

e.g., for Ambiance the foreground color (fg_color) is set to dark gray (#4c4c4c) in /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/settings.ini, which is why the symbolic icons appear darker.

To make custom symbolic icons look the same, you must remove the stroke and use only fill with the RGBA value set to #bebebeff; otherwise, the stroke will always appear as set (i.e., gray or whatever color).

In Inkscape, just select the object, open Fill and Stroke, and click on the No Paint (x) icon under "Stroke Paint":

This gives us a nice and even-looking "MyRefresh" symbolic icon:

  One user indicated that a different, darker icon was being opened instead of the default gnome symbolic icon; as this strace shows, that assertion is incorrect:


Dell Latitude D430 reboots after "Try Ubuntu without installing"

Use the netinstall iso (mini.iso) to install xubuntu or lubuntu.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD


Where can I download the latest version of the Ambiance theme?

Not sure what you Googled for but I found this. It's a PPA. It has a 9.10 branch to it and they have the themes backported within it.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gtk2-engines-murrine ubuntu-mono light-themes gtk2-engines-aurora

# remove the sources after you've installed the themes
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update

The last two lines are there to remove the webupd8 PPA after installation. It has a lot more than just the themes in and it might therefore upgrade a lot more than you want it to the next time you run update manager.

But if you run the last two lines, it should remove it from your sources and just leave you with the new theme files installed.


In the file /etc/default/grub the number of CPUs can be specified (limited) on the "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=" line. Example (where I have added it to something that was already on the line):

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="ipv6.disable=1 maxcpus=1"

Notes: In case of problems, it is a good idea to save a copy of your original grub file first:

sudo cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.original

You have to edit as sudo (i.e. sudo nano /etc/default/grub) and you have to update grub afterwards:

sudo update-grub


playonlinux is unable to find 32bits OpenGL library you might encounter problem with your games

Try this:

~: locate libGL.so.1
/usr/lib/fglrx/libGL.so.1
/usr/lib/fglrx/libGL.so.1.2
/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so.1
/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so.1.2
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so.1.2
/usr/lib32/fglrx/libGL.so.1
/usr/lib32/fglrx/libGL.so.1.2
~: export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa
~: playonlinux


How can I restore template functionality after having deleted the Templates folder in 12.10?

Use Ubuntu Tweak , It comes with some pre-installed template that you can add to your shortcuts in tweak section.


No, this can't be done.  Your router is a completely separate device.  You'd have to have the tcpdump program, or similar, actually running on the router.

There are plenty of software router implementations, some of which may do this for you already.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_router_or_firewall_distributions

Or, you may have a router that supports DD-WRT, which is Linux.  You can install tcpdump on such installations.. here's an example.

http://emtunc.org/blog/04/2011/installing-tcpdump-on-dd-wrt-wrt54gl/


Broken Package on Ubuntu!-Failed to Remove or Fix it

I don't know what happened, but let's try to satisfy apt:

sudo mkdir -p /var/cache/apt/archives/partial
sudo chown root:root  /var/cache/apt/archives/partial
sudo chmod 755 /var/cache/apt/archives/partial
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -f

See if works.


Run command don't run command line programs

Command line applications will use a terminal anyhow. If you want to edit test.txt with vim, you still need to say which terminal you want to use. The full command you have to enter, assuming you run vim in gnome-terminal (using ALT + F2) is:

gnome-terminal -x vim test.txt

Than it works.


I updated my kernel to the latest version but nothing happened. What's wrong?

I was having the same problem with Ubuntu 14.04 dual boot windows system running grub. It appears there was a legacy grub that was part of the upgrade process from prior versions of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 9.10 and later should use grub2 which does not refer to menu.lst. See: Community Help /Grub2

The following will update grub to function entirely as grub2 ditching the menu.lst file so the files generated by sudo update-grub will actually be used, and thus your latest kernel updates will appear in the splash screen. The new splash screen will still resemble the old menu.lst based splash screen, but is graphical, rather than text based.

sudo upgrade-from-grub-legacy

sudo update-grub

Restart and check your operating kernel version using uname -r


Minimal bash ubuntu's screen of death-in despair

I have a hp 15-ay039wm machine with 1TB HDD. I carved out two
  partitions about 30 gigs to install ubuntu 18LTS for dual boot. All
  was good until ...

I am very sorry, but the Bootinfo data, that you link to indicate that there is no linux partition in the internal drive, only partitions belonging to the Windows world (most of them with the NTFS file system).

The only thing that contains Ubuntu is the USB boot drive.

So it seems that at least one of those two actions (the hp upgrade and splitting partitions with the Aoemi partition software) caused the problem. Maybe splitting the partitions did something that you did not expect.

I hope that you have backed up everything that you cannot afford to lose. In that case you can start with Ubuntu from the beginning again - create some drive space for it and reinstall.

Otherwise you should avoid using the computer except for recovering data. The more you do, the more content from your Ubuntu partition might be overwritten.

Please let us know if you have a backup or not - it will help us decide how to continue.


VMWare Workstation 6.5.5 Install Freezes

Problem solved. A full description of the tricky steps needed to accomplish that can be found here.


Broken install of Ubuntu Studio 12.04LTS

All you need to do is re-install grub. Put it onto the MBR of your first disk drive.

boot-repair is the appropriate graphical tool for the task ;)

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair for details


Here are few recommendations

OpenLP (I think it is the best)
EpicWorship
Quelea
OpenSong


Screen freezes for about a second every 10-30 seconds

swap
16G RAM with a 33G swap is kind of nuts.
I understand moving swap to a partition on SSD, but we should switch back to a 4G /swapfile on the SSD.
I'm also a little concerned about the SSD mounting early enough in the boot process to actually use the swap. Check with free -h or swapon -s.
Note: Incorrect use of the dd command can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
Note: Change /swapfile, below, to the proper location that you want on the SSD. ie: /path_to/swapfile
In the terminal...
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=4096

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm 4G RAM and 4G swap

Confirm this /swapfile line at the end of /etc/fstab... and confirm no other “swap” lines...
To edit, use sudo -H gedit /etc/fstab or sudo pico /etc/fstab
/swapfile  none  swap  sw  0  0

reboot                    # reboot and verify operation

Note: You can now delete the swap partition on SSD, and add that unallocated space back to some other partition.
gnome-shell
There's a known memory leak bug in gnome-shell that causes it to consume lots of memory as time goes on.
The short term fix is to restart gnome-shell with...
ALT+F2, then r, then ENTER
gnome-shell extensions
Too many bad gnome-shell extensions that are probably causing your problem.
My particular pet peeve is that the ones installed in /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions are system-wide for all users, and should actually have been placed in ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions so that they'll be local to the current user.
So do this to remove these extensions...
sudo rm -r /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/*gcampax.github.com
Then restart gnome-shell...
ALT+F2, then r, then ENTER
Update #1:
We found that ~/.config/AppImageLauncher config file was being updated frequently. Uninstalled AppImageLauncher and the problem is fixed!


Finding installed packages and the version

I know you can use dpkg --get-selections | awk '{print $1}' to see all installed packages. but not sure about the versions i'll let you know if i find somthing else


Ubuntu server in azure cloud: no valid sudoers sources found, quitting while restart apache

The error message sudo: /etc/sudoers is owned by uid 1000, should be 0 means you should change the ownership of /etc/sudoers from you to root. You cannot run sudo until it's fixed.

Can you boot to single-user mode, mount / r/w, then

chown -R root /etc/sudoers

I didn't use sudo because single-user mode is already root (UID 0). I used the -R to affect /etc/sudoers and everything under it


Bookmarks in Places menu now open in Firefox instead of nautilus

Right click a folder, go to Properties -> Open With, and change the associated program to Nautilus.  If there is a checkbox for "always use this program" make sure it's checked.


Keybord doesn't work on 16.04 Dell Inspiron 15 5000 series

I faced the same problem with my ASUS GL552VW. Fixed with a simple kernel parameter change.

1) Install Grub Customizer

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer -y
sudo apt update
sudo apt install grub-customizer

2) Open Grub Customizer and Edit the grub entry (with the Pencil Icon)

3) Now make the desired changes. In this case,

you need to add a parameter on the second last line that starts with linux /boot/vmlinuz-xxx.... add acpi_osi=! before ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff

You might also want to use acpi=force

Click OK and Save. Now hard reset your laptop. It should be fixed from the next boot.

I'm using these parameters to boot and this fixes all the function keys operations, keyboard backlight, graphics and the shutdown problem.

linux  /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-36-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=7e43add9-fbc2-4946-a640-0b269d17c117 i915.modeset=0 nouveau.modeset=1 nvidia.modeset=1 idle=nomwait acpi=force acpi_osi=! acpi_backlight=native ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff


Internationalization of QML application using i18n

Indeed your app needs to set a couple of env. variables to tell gettext which .mo file to use and where to find it.

https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/Triggering.html


Unable to install GNOME extensions on Ubuntu Budgie

GNOME Extensions are designed for only one desktop environment called GNOME Shell.

Budgie Desktop is its own unique interface and does not support GNOME Extensions.

The equivalent in Ubuntu Budgie are "Budgie Applets" - there are lots to choose from - Menu - Budgie Applets.


Driver video NVIDIA nvidia-173 uninstallable on 12.10 Quantal Quetzal

A newer 173 release 173.14.36 seems to support v13 abi. It seems like Ubuntu integrators have allowed the package to break by moving xorg to v13 when there's no v13 nvidia 173 driver out yet.

There seems to be some progress in bug #1064192, although it's been roughly a month with all (new) installs on machines with these Nvidia cards being broken. It seems to be a recurring thing with Ubuntu if you look around.


adjust resolution on Ubuntu Server 10.04?

You can add kernel parameter vga=792 or so (depends on your monitor)

  VGA Resolution Codes for GRUB & Lilo
--- Depth --
Colors  bits  640x480  800×600  1024×768  1152×864 1280×1024  1600×1200
   256    8   vga=769  vga=771   vga=773   vga=353   vga=775    vga=796
 32000    ?   vga=784  vga=787   vga=790   vga= ?    vga=793    vga= ?
 65000   16   vga=785  vga=788   vga=791   vga=355   vga=794    vga=798
 16.7M   24   vga=786  vga=789   vga=792   vga=795   vga=799


Install PHP 7.3 or 7.4 without PPA Ubuntu16.04

Can't do it safely, sorry.

Ubuntu and it's many applications are bound together in a snapshot release model pioneered by Debian. In this model, applications and the OS are released together and use the same versions of shared libraries. In the Ubuntu universe of mostly volunteer-made and volunteer-supported software, this method greatly limits the amount of testing and support that needs to be done, and limits the number of corner cases.

However, this is quite unlike the Windows OS-as-black-box model, where any version of software can run on any version of the OS, and the two are not tightly coupled. Of course, you pay for that flexibility provided by commercial software providers.

The Bottom Line: If you want newer software in Ubuntu without using non-Ubuntu sources, then you must run a newer release of Ubuntu. PHP 7.4, for example, is available in Ubuntu 20.04.


Strange, but on my system (13.04) the issue has been healed just through installation of libxcursor1:i386.


Check  , in alsamixer,  "speaker"  fader is not muted and try to tweak "automute"  control state (   using arrow keys)
Check also in pavucontrol ( install it is not present) "output device" tab : you should have 2 ports available(headphone and speaker )
It seems some people have problem with standby mode : sometime speaker works coming from standby : look this recent question : Realtek ALC662 rev3 speaker problem


There is a bug report filed for this problem here:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/location-service/+bug/1573168

It worked for me before running update on my M10. After the updates the location icon started blinking. I eventually fixed it simply by turning off the WIFI and GPS location services, turning off WIFI and GPS in the power settings and rebooting the phablet (press and hold down power button for option). I'm not sure how to tell if I get lock-on to satalites but at least the phablet knows where I am now.


Problems with OpenShot Video Editor and Blender

You need to download and extract the latest version of blender in your pc. In my example I extracted it in folder /home/samint/blender-2.82a-linux64/. After this you need to set path in OpenShot editor.
Steps.

OpenShot > Preferences > General > Blender Command Path
Value: /home/samint/blender-2.82a-linux64/blender or you can locate
the extracted folder via browse button.

The same solution should also work for Inkscape.
Check image below for reference.


Installing 13.04 with Windows 8 - Secure Boot Failed

The easiest solution is likely to be to disable Secure Boot. Unfortunately, details of how to do this vary from one computer to another, but all x86-64-based PCs that ship with Windows 8 should give you some means to do that.

If you want to keep Secure Boot active, my advice is to upgrade your Secure Boot software; the last I checked, Ubuntu was still using shim version 0.1, whereas the latest available in signed form is version 0.4 (AFAIK, available only as a Fedora package). Even version 0.2 (available from Fedora, OpenSUSE, and Matthew Garrett) is better than version 0.1. See here for a fuller description of how to install shim "from scratch." (Unfortunately, the process is rather involved.) There's also the possibility of switching to PreLoader, which is easier to install and configure than shim, but more limiting in various ways.


Bruteforce aes-256 encrypted 7zip archive with rarcrack

You can use 7zrecover, it is easy to use and if you know what words could be in your password you will get it back pretty fast.

7z encryption is a pain ass, it is specially made to slow brute force attacks.
Good luck!


Will I lose the software I have on 13.04 if I install 12.10?

You will lose any programs you downloaded, but all those programs you mentioned were in 12.10. While you can keep your software when you are doing an upgrade, there isn't really an official downgrade process, so you will have to re-download any software you want. However, if you wait only a few more weeks, 13.04 will be completed, so if you are downgrading because of bugs, please report them and then see if they disappear in the final release.


Unable to shutdown, shutting down process stuck

I saw that you are using VirtualBox.

Try to send reboot command from VirtualBox.


How can I install Ubuntu in BlackBerry Playbook?

The playbook is not going to be supported as mentioned here at Ubuntu Wiki (under the heading "OMAP 4").


Like you, I got stuck with the open source driver, but I use this PPA that has some tweaking added to the drivers, which really increases performance and stability:

The PPA is here.

To install the drivers:

sudo apt-add-repository  ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
sudo apt-get  update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati

And reboot.

If you have any problem, just purge the ppa:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers


Why does apt-get give me an "Unable to connect" error?

Sometimes there will be a temporary server down too . I am suggesting you to change your server to Best server or update your system after sometime.

To change the server Open `Update Manager > Settings > Ubuntu Software > Download from:`

that option will hold the server option . choose a best server and try again .


This file is distributed on the creation of new user.
It is located in /etc/skel/examples.desktop and provided by the example-content package.
You can delete it from your home folder with no future issues.


For the most part, installing Ubuntu is no different than installing Linux Mint. Linux Mint is basically Ubuntu with a different desktop environment.

As fart as Ubuntu versions go, an LTS version will be the best. The latest one will be supported the longest. While its been a while since I used Ubuntu (I am currently using Linux Mint 17.2), I have had the most luck with Ubuntu 14.04.

If you are running an older machine, you should use Lubuntu, Xubuntu, or Ubuntu server. I am using an old desktop machine, and Ubuntu is always having problems on it. The Unity desktop is very resource heavy.

So, I would probably recommend Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. Hope this helps!


Is there any midnight commander alternative that allows me to see the folder size?

Try using tree

sudo apt-get install tree

Then run tree /mainfolder/folder1 -d

host@hostname:~$ tree /etc/apt -d -h   ( -d shows only directory )
/etc/apt
├── [4.0K]  apt.conf.d   <------ where 4k is size of directory
├── [4.0K]  preferences.d
├── [4.0K]  sources.list.d
└── [4.0K]  trusted.gpg.d

You can further refer here at Tree manpage for preferred Usage.


my error in 12.04 update; won't boot now

Run the Recovery Mode from the boot menu (the list of operating systems, looks like the screenshot below). Hope it'll do the trick.


When you reach the partitioning procedure, choose "Something else". All you need is a ext4 partition with / mount point (that's where the system will be installed) and a swap partition (the swap size must be between the size of your RAM and twice that size, but you would probably already have one from the mint installation so you don't need a 2nd). Some prefer to create also a separate /home partition but it's not necessary. See some more info here: How to use manual partitioning during installation?

You can also share the same /home partition between mint and ubuntu but it's not a good idea because applications store their settings there and different versions on different distros can cause problems. So if you want a data partition, just create another partition (without any mount point) or leave an empty space and after the installation use gparted or Disks (gnome-disk-utility) to create a partition of your empty space (you can also make it to be mounted at startup).


Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS, just sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop is enough to switch to KDE/Kubuntu.

After that one could try sudo apt remove ubuntu-desktop and sudo apt autoremove to clean up left-over packages from Ubuntu's default desktop.


Quick fix: since you already have the correct $PATH set in your
environment (via the /etc/profile modifications) you can use:

sudo env PATH="$PATH" tlmgr

Basically, sudo resets the value of
$PATH (the whole environment, indeed) to a "known good" one, and is
thus ignoring any changes you made to your local environment.  The
env command above sets the PATH variable
in the environment of the tlmgr it executes, so it runs with the
value of $PATH you specify on the command line.

To avoid typing all that for each TeXlive command, you can define an
alias in your shell: add the following line to the .bashrc file in
your home:

alias psudo='sudo env PATH="$PATH"'

and then you can simply issue this at a command prompt:

psudo tlmgr

In addition, sudo does not run a
login shell to execute the command, which is why your "profile.d"
tricks did not work for root.  You can force
sudo to execute a command in a
shell, which is an alternate way of achieving the same effect:

sudo sh -l -c tlmgr

Again you can define a shell command alias to shorten this:

alias shsudo='sudo sh -l -c'

which can be used as:

shsudo tlmgr


How to list all available printers from terminal?

The Command lpstat -p will list all available printers for your Desktop .

And whether or not they are available ( the state of them) .


Problems fixed by upgrade to Xenial 16.04


Ubuntu 16.04 kernels >=4.4.0.143 break compatibility with VMWare 12

Two possibilities I have found so far for Ubuntu 16.04

upgrade to a more recent version of vmware
if you need to stick to version 12 instructions on how to edit the source code of
the vmware modules

Background: the get_user_pages function has been changed to having one parameter less. Therefore the vmware-modules (vmmon,vmnet) can't compile.
The actual vmware workstation version is 15 - which works fine (Mostly. I can't use it due to a hardware problem, I'm stuck with version 12)


go to Configuration/Systemsettings/Session and Startup (i'm not sure about the exact names since my comp is in Spanish but you shouldn't have much trouble finding it) and add a new startup app with "name" - put here the name you want, it's not important

command = xfce4-terminal --fullscreen

and you're done. Also maybe check out Tilda and Guake for drop-down terminal emulators if you really are a fan of cli.


How do you create a custom application launcher in Gnome Shell?

Try to create a eclipse.desktop file under /usr/share/applications (or ~/.local/share/applications or directly in ~/Desktop) with the following content:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Eclipse IDE
Exec=/path/to/eclipse/executable
Icon=/path/to/eclipse/icon
Type=Application
Categories=Development;

You can choose another category, too. For additional information:

Gnome's documentation about desktop files;
Categories available.


AFAIK Gummi projects are still not working, that is the biggest disadvantage of an otherwise great LaTeX editor. And as I am seeing the activity of the project, it won't be fixed anytime soon :(

Anyway, you can use workarounds, though they are not that pleasant, so for larger projects they may be cumbersome.


It depends on what you are doing.

Generally the device is mounted at some location , such as /media/disk

Example might be /dev/sdb1 mounted at /media/disk

cp some_file /media/disk

Generally, as an end user, using graphical applications, you are going to copy user data to this location (save as ... , copy, graphical access, download to ...).

Sometimes you access the device at a low level, such as formatting, resizing, manually mounting, or with dd (although dd can be used on other ways), and in that case you would use /dev .

/dev/sda = entire diak /dev/sda1 = first partition.

Example

mount /dev/sda1 /media/disk
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1


How can I install the drivers for Ralink RT5592 on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS?

Ok, to fix this go to /include/os/ and open rt_linux.h

Replace line 281:

int             fsuid;

To:

kuid_t              fsuid;

Replace line 282:

int             fsgid;

To:

kgid_t              fsgid;


Multiple tar archives w/ specific amount of files each

I'd use find, sort, xargs, and let you make the .tar file names unique on your own. Read the man pages for each, and here we go:

find . -type f -name '*.jpg' -print0 | \
sort -z | \
xargs -0 --max-args=4000 echo tar cf FIXME.tar >doit.tmp
# now, edit (`nano`, `vim`, `emacs`) the `doit.tmp` file,
# replacing `FIXME` with 4 unique names, then
. ./doit.tmp


How to install Opera on Ubuntu:

From the terminal, add a pointer to the opera stable sources:

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/opera.list'

Install the key:

sudo sh -c 'wget -O - http://deb.opera.com/archive.key | apt-key add -'

Update repo:

sudo apt-get update

Install Opera:

sudo apt-get install opera


How do I use Microsoft LiveChat LX-3000?

Install pavucontrol. You should be able to get it working with that.

Found an english source along with the german one I posted in comment.


gui/libgui.a(x.o): undefined reference to symbol 'XSetForeground' when compiling Bosh

If you are going to use --with-x11 you need the xorg-dev package installed.

sudo apt-get install xorg-dev

This will take care of all the possible dependencies that Bosch will need.


This brief tutorial shows you how to install and use uTorrent in Ubuntu 11.10.

cd Downloads

wget http://download.utorrent.com/linux/utorrent-server-3.0-25053.tar.gz

Next, run the commands below to extract uTorrent files to the /opt directory.

sudo tar xvzf utorrent-server-3.0-25053.tar.gz -C /opt/

Then run the commands below to change the permission on uTorrent-server folder.

sudo chmod -R 777 /opt/utorrent-server-v3_0/

Next, run the commands below to link uTorrent server to the /user/bin directory.

sudo ln -s /opt/utorrent-server-v3_0/utserver /usr/bin/utserver

Finally, run the commands below to start uTorrent.

utserver -settingspath /opt/utorrent-server-v3_0/

If you get an error about libssl.so package missing, run the commands below to install it, then try starting it again.

sudo apt-get install libssl0.9.8:i386

Now that uTorrent server is started, open your web browser (Firefox) and type the address below.

http://localhost:8080/gui/

The username is admin and leave the password field empty.

The first thing you will want to do is specify the download folder. To do that, click ‘Settings’ button.

Then scroll down to ‘Directories’ and specify the download folder.

This is been verified & checked . Working properly


Converting a linux machine to virtual machine

Frankly the easiest way to convert Ubuntu to a virtual machine IMHO, is to reinstall Ubuntu in the virtual machine on the host machine.  Certainly this method will be the least error prone.

You can start the process of installation, get the VM working to your satisfaction, and then place any important documents onto a USB stick to transfer to the new machine, without screwing with your current physical machine.

When all is operating correctly, you can then delete the physical machine, and reclaim the space for other purposes.


Getting error downloading java programmer

Sound like you may need to chage mirrors and resynchronize the package index files from their sources.

open Ubuntu Software Centre

And choose Edit -> Software Services -> Ubuntu Software -> Download From

Since your current mirror is in India i'm gussing you would like one close to that. Navigate to India -> mirror.cse.iitk.ac.in select the protocol as http

Close Software Centre and then open a terminal and try the below command.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk


Ubuntu 18.04 installation on a VMWare stucks

Apparently, the installation can hang in a VM if there is insufficient memory (e.g., only 1 GB).  Bumping the VM memory up to 2 GB caused the installation to resume.


sudo apt-get install python3-setuptools

Try this, worked for me!


Pressure Sensitivity with Wacom Bamboo in Inkscape 0.48

Please uninstall the overlay scrollbar package from ubuntu, go into the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get purge overlay-scrollbar

Then rerun Inkscape with the tablet plugged in.


Does Ubuntu Snappy Core work with Raspberry Pi 1?

Snappy supports ARMv7 and x86-64 platforms. Recommended development environments include the BeagleBone Black and Odroid-C1 open spec boards. The Raspberry Pi is disqualified due to its ARM11 processor, which doesn’t run ARMv7.

Source: http://linuxgizmos.com/lightweight-snappy-ubuntu-core-os-targets-iot/


Firefox not loading plugins and previous session at start

Resolved by resetting Firefox to its default state


OpenVPN install - Missing expected CA file/ EasyRSA error

It's easy to miss the part of having to run build-ca as a command line option to easyrsa. You can try building ./easyrsa build-ca and set password, in case you did not set this.


You've got a number of problems here so I think you may need to spend some more time learning Docker, see: Docker User Guide, but to give you a couple of pointers ...

Firstly there's a problem with your -p option. You've only specified the port on the inside, i.e. in the docker container (8080). You haven't specified the port on the outside, i.e. the host. This means Docker will bind to some random port on the outside. You can find out what port that is by running docker ps. Then you'll see something like

0.0.0.0:32769->8080/tcp

which indicates that if you visited port 32769 in your browser you might get through to Apache because Docker has bound port 32769 on the host to port 8080 inside the container.

What you actually want to do is this: -p 8080:8080 to make sure that the port is the same on the host and in the container.
Secondly it's not at all clear to me whether you've installed apache2 in the container or on the host. Normally you would write a Dockerfile based on the ubuntu image you want to use which specifies apache should be installed when the Docker image is built. This all happens before you run the container. You should avoid installing anything in a Docker container after you've run it, because it will be lost once you delete that instance of the container.


How to uninstall Ubuntu 11.10 in netbook

Follow the instructions regarding easybcd as described

How to reinstall windows bootloader to the MBR

After you reinstalled the windows bootloader you can delete the ubuntu partion using a live cd/usb and running gparted.


Recover Ubuntu grub without LiveCD - Can't boot with Ubuntu LiveCD after install Windows

The easiest way would be to indeed create a new LiveCD or even a LiveUSB.

Failing that, you can configure the Windows bootloader to boot Linux. Then, you can use your installed Linux to re-install grub to the MBR.
See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows (section 2) for information on how to perform this task.