Does executing sudo su and su root do the same thing?

There's a subtle difference between the two. su root (which can be shortened to just su) runs the su command as the user who invoked it. sudo runs the specified command (su) as root. Running su as root is essentially a no-op, though it probably starts a new shell. Running sudo -i is a cleaner (in my opinion) way of running sudo su.

Also, as pointed out previously, there is no root password on a default Ubuntu installation, so invoking su by itself will fail.


How to resize an ext4 encrypted home partition?

Boot Ubuntu from the LiveCD (or a USB-key) and run gparted. In the top-right you can select your harddisk. When it is selected you can just right-click on the partition and chose resize.

eCryptfs encrypts single files and not the whole partition. So can safely resize the partition as you like. Remember that you should have backups of your things!


Best way to re-start HDD spin-down countdown on external enclosure

Not sure if it will work for you but you can try opening terminal and typing

gsku gnome-disks &

or I guess if you don't have gksu you can type

sudo gnome-disks &

Then select the external drive and click the icon in the right top that looks like three vertical lines and choose Drive Settings You can set the standby timeouts there ... again not sure if this will work for your situation but its worth a try :D It may have the same issue because of it being an external HD though  so not sure it will work but I can't test  it myself because I don't have the availability of an external HD

if you don't have gnome-disks installed you can install it by using

sudo apt-get install gnome-disk-utility


Ubuntu 20.04 headphones detected but no sound

I had exactly the same problem as you, except for a ASUS GL503 (but also Realtek ALC295). It drove me nuts as I tried every conceivable sound fix that I have seen for Ubuntu and derived systems. In the end, it appears it is kernel related and it mostly affects us ASUS users. There is a discussion here:
https://forum.manjaro.org/t/sound-from-speakers-no-sound-from-3-5mm-jack-audio/5343/20
The easiest solution for me was to edit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf (I think on some computers, it may be just alsa.conf) and insert this as the last line:
options snd-hda-intel model=headset-mode
Then do a complete shutdown and restart.
It is possible that this change may cause you to lose the microphone in the headset, if you have one. In that case, you will probably have to try one of the other options in the link that I posted above, which will probably require you to recompile your Kernel with the applicable patch.


With the message

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
winehq-stable : Depends: wine-stable (= 5.0.0~eoan)
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

It appears that there is a repo for Eoan (Ubuntu 19.10) configured and that is where it is trying to install winehq-stable from.  Since your system is running Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic) remove any wine repo lines from /etc/apt/sources.list that have eoan in their name and re-run sudo apt update then try your installation again.


Apache + File on mounted folder = Corrupted file

It seems that I'm affected by this bug: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=900821
For me the solution is putting this in /etc/apache2/apache2.conf:
<Directory "/var/www/intranet/onyar">
  EnableMMAP Off
</Directory>


Drivers are not detected on my Dell Inspiron 5420 (14R 3rd generation)

This is my compilation for networking in Dell Inspiron 5420 using 12.04. To find the link please visit my blog.

To activate wire network:

Install compat wireless with this version compat-wireless-2012-02-28-p

./scripts/driver-select alx
make
sudo make install

Reboot and plug in your wire network.
After you wired network is up now its time fire up the wireless. Download this file.

sudo dpkg -i wlan_amd64.deb

First time it will fail then you have to do

sudo apt-get -f install

then it will get all file need to install wlan_amd64.deb
Reboot your laptop.

All done.


Change "move windows" shortcuts - Ubuntu 12.04

gsettings is your friend!  ;-)

gsettings list-recursively | grep --ignore-case key

E.G.:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings move-to-workspace-1 ['<Control><Alt><Shift><Super><Alt_R>W']

makes the current window move to workspace 1 using the above crazy key combination. :-)

gsettings --help

for more information.


Ubuntu 14.04 stuck at 640x480 resolution

There is a good chance that the nvidia driver did not install, since you have no options in the nvidia-settings.

Try this first in a terminal :

  sudo apt-get install nvidia-352

If it goes into download/install after, then your nvidia driver was not installed yet.


dpkg-checkbuilddeps fail to recognize installed packages

One possible reason for the discrepancy is that the installed packages for zlib1g-dev and python are of the i386 architecture, while your base system is something else; probably amd64 (aka x86_64). Unless your build dependencies are explicitly marked as being satisfiable by a package from a different architecture, those packages you have installed wouldn't count.

The ability to install packages from multiple architectures simultaneously on the same host is a relatively new one in the Ubuntu/Debian world, which may have contributed to your confusion. If it helps, you might want to read through https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MultiArch.


I have installed Ubuntu from a DVD. During installation process I was asked about options to install as only simple system or dual system or other. So make sure what you've selected before installation, it's decisively the right point.


does openbox cause an ubuntu internal error?

The openbox version (L)ubuntu 12.04 ships with is known to have issues with crashes when using GTK 3 applications. What worked for me was adding this PPA with updated Lubuntu packages.

Please make sure to read through these before adding new PPAs:

What are PPAs and how do I use them?

Are PPA's safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?

If you are ready to proceed you can add the PPA and upgrade your system with:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mati75/lubuntu
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

P.S.: You can safe yourself a lot of work if you just copy paste the error log next time. It must have taken you ages to take these screenshots!


DPKG error while installation bcmwl-kernel-source on ubuntu 16.04

If anyone is still facing this issue using Ubuntu 20.04, try the following:
apt purge bcmwl-kernel-source
apt-get install broadcom-sta-source
apt-get install broadcom-sta-dkms
apt-get install broadcom-sta-common

Thanks to Rafael Santos (rafae-s)  from the link below
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/bcmwl/+bug/1878045


Passing %F to terminal application in .desktop launcher

This is a bug. Opening a bunch of files with "open with another app" works totally different then opening them in default app.
(can't accept my own answer for a while)


If you dont want any files in xp you can just format the Windows XP partition and run sudo update-grub and upgrade Ubuntu using update manager


Any chance for fully working X1600 PCI-E ID 71c3/Unity under Ubuntu 12.04?

The best way to get this card running is to do nothing; Ubuntu ships with fully functional drivers for this (and virtually all AMD) card(s).

Some people with newer cards may want to install the AMD proprietary fglrx drivers; they offer somewhat improved OpenGL performance and features, as well as better power management, but sometimes have annoying bugs. Sometimes they have support for newer cards than the default Ubuntu drivers, too.

As you've found out, AMD has dropped support for your card in fglrx, so that option is not available to you. To make matters worse, installing fglrx will disable the default drivers, so trying to do so won't improve things ☺.

Uninstall fglrx and you'll get 3D working again.


File manager not following system preferences

Go to Settings > Appearance > Behavior and chose to show menus in the menu bar. It appears you may have some other setting though affecting this.

You can also take a screenshot by pressing the PrntScr button on your keyboard


Possible to encrypt external drive for use on Linux and MacOS?

A better solution more modern is https://www.cryfs.org/
The current version has some security issue .
https://defuse.ca/audits/encfs.htm
=======================================
A solution that is working between MacOs and Linux is to use encfs
On you Mac :

Format a USB key with :

scheme: Master Boot Record
format: ExFat
Name: TestEncFs. <= choose what you want

with a terminal :

ls /Volumes/TestEncFs/
create or copy a file
umount with diskutil umount /Volumes/TestEncFs
unplug you usb key

On your linux box :

plug your usb key
with a terminal

install encfs with sudo apt-get install encfs
initialize the encryption layer with :
encfs /media/USERNAME/TestEncFs/  ~/TestEncFs
go inside the new folder in ~/TestEncFs/
copy or create a file into

if you run :

ls -la /media/USERNAME/TestEncFs/  all files that was created on folder ~/TestEncFs/  are encrypted , the other are clear

ls -la ~/TestEncFs/ you will see the clear version

to umount :
encfs -u TestEncFs/ stop the ciphering layer
umount /media/USERNAME/TestEncFs/ umount your usb key

On your mac you must install
encfs via brew install encfs
brew can be found at https://brew.sh


how do I choose the font/s I want in what programs I want?

Fonts are installed in your font folders. All installed fonts should be available in the programs. To install a font just double-click on the font-file (on your desktop, as you said) and install. There are also lots of fonts available from the Fonts-Section in the Softwarecenter! There is a package called ttf-mscorefonts-installer, which installs all default Windows-fonts on your system (Arial, Comic sans, Helvetica etc.).

It is not neccesary to use programs like Fonty Python, but it helps to manage huge font collections. What does Fonty Python? It just stores groups of fonts (pogs), to install and uninstall them easily. This can be usefull, if you want to use a set of rare fonts in a design project, which you will never again use. Finishing your project, you can uninstall all those fonts in a pog with one click.

Where are your fonts? You can see a list of your fonts in the file /etc/fonts/fonts.conf. In the first part, it should show this:

-- Font directory list --

/usr/share/fonts

/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts

/usr/local/share/fonts

Most important directory is /usr/share/fonts. With gnome-font-viewer you can see all installed fonts. For non-professional use, I wouldn't recommend Fonty-Python, but the program font-manager.


Why won't environment variables added to .profile show up in screen

The answer is:

I should set them in .pam_enviornment

See here https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnvironmentVariables

I imagine this is one of the most common questions, I don't know why nobody gave me the proper answer when I asked this question.


This appears to be a known bug.

Credit to redsandro's answer on a duplicate question for info about the bug and a quick fix for it.

I implemented the "Easy Fix" as stated in the above answer and by user foenhn-2 in a comment to the bug report.  Even though this fix is functional I may attempt to get the offset=X method to work in order to keep the swap partition's UUID intact.


Can't update software with Update Manager due to telepathy-butterfly

Try this:  open a Terminal and try the following commands:

sudo apt-get install -f

And then afterwards, if successful, try

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

If these don't work, consider removing the offending package

sudo apt-get remove telepathy-butterfly

and if you wish, try to reinstall it

sudo apt-get install telepathy-butterfly

Hope this helps.


Can I sync a folder once a day rather than immediately

I prefer to use rsync, and to schedule it as a cron job.  This command will get it done for you:

rsync -a /path/to/backup /place/to/put/it

I like rsync because it's sole purpose is to intelligently synchronize directories and their contents.  Rsync maintains all file attributes, and also copies hidden files.  It does not recopy files that have not changed since the last backup.  I prefer this because it provides direct and quick access to the copies without any special programs.  They are simply copies of my files, in the exact layout as the original.  This method will not store previous backups however, so that is something to consider if you care about previous backups.  I personally don't want to use the disk space on backup history.

To schedule it on a cron job, open up the crontab like so:

crontab -e

Then add this line:

01 02 * * * rsync -a /path/to/backup /place/to/put/it

This will run the job every night/morning at 2:01 AM.  Full instructions here.


AFAIK the 8-character password limit is part of the VNC protocol - some implementations allow the user to set a longer password, however the protocol only considers the first 8 characters.

To secure VNC properly, you should tunnel the session over SSH and have the VNC server only listen on the localhost interface, either in its own setup (e.g. adding a -localhost option) or by means of a firewall (or both). That way, both the password challenge/response AND the actual VNC traffic will be encrypted.

The Remmina VNC client has support for SSH tunneling built in - with other clients, you may need to set up the tunnel via a separate SSH terminal session.


Ubuntu has open-source drivers for almost everything. Everything should work out of the box.

Although, take note that you may have some issues.

It is not too uncommon to have issues with Wi-Fi, and your life is practically over if you have Nvidia Optimus. (The optimus part doesn't apply to you I think, since at least from what I could find you have integrated AMD graphics)

I wasn't able to do any research on the Wi-Fi, since the official "spec sheet" is EXTREMELY vague.

Just burn the 16.04 ISO to a blank DVD, and try it in live mode to check if everything works.

I recommend burning to a DVD ^^^ rather than onto a USB drive since for some reason new users always have problems successfully burning a USB stick.

If you don't have a blank DVD, and want to try a USB stick, I recommend this program, because it has the highest success rate: http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/


where is theme settings in ubuntu 18.04?

There are a number of Theme apps that are not installed by default.  You can list them by hitting the All Applications button at the bottom of the Launch Panel, and typing theme.

The list includes:

Themes - Manage themes to change how your desktop looks
Appearance - Change the background and the theme
Gnome Tweaks - Tweak advance Gnome 3 settings
Customize Look and Feel - Customize look and feel of your desktop and applications.

When you type in the All Applications menu it searches your installed application as well as the repository for matches.

The most common and effective tool is gnome-tweaks

$ sudo apt install gnome-tweaks


Battery indicator missing for amd 64 raring

Do you have the S.M.A.R.T drivers installed for your battery? (If your computer supports it) your system is most likely turning off due to low battery. go to Toshiba's website and browse through their drivers until you find your notebooks battery driver. Install it. Make Sure That It Is Your Model Of Notebook's Battery! If your system was originally running Windows, When it boots up, spam F2 or F8 until you see a menu "BIOS" check there and run a start up test, and then run a full system Diagnosis. Hope this helped you


Your $JAVAHOME is pointing to the correct location. But the path should have $JAVAHOME/bin directory and not $JAVAHOME itself.

JAVA_HOME="/opt/jdk1.7.75"
export JAVA_HOME
PATH="$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin"

You should consider using the Oracle Java PPA instead. It usually does more than what a manual installation would do. You don't have to worry about setting up the environment variables either. That's what most people use.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

Try running java -version and javac -version to verify that the path is set.


Unity isn't working after running `unity --replace`

Missing unity-services package?

It seems you're missing the unity-services package or it is not correctly installed. Just do this on a terminal:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall unity-services

To ensure that no more packages are missing, try this also:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

Bad user profile configuration?

Create a new user and test its session. If everything works ok on that user, then the problem is with your user profile. To properly reset all unity-related settings, do this:

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools
dconf reset -f /org/compiz/
unity --reset-icons


How to specify vendor id while installing ubuntu touch

You can temporarily alias the fastboot command and try.

In shell, enter the command

alias fastboot='fastboot -i 0x2a96'

You can add the same line to your .bashrc and restart the shell.

After flashing is done, revert the bashrc changes, else it affects other devices not getting recognised.


Ubuntu 16.04 OpenFOAM-7 ParaView Installation Error

Try to install qt5-devel and use

./makeParaView -qmake $(which qmake-qt5)


Trying to install pandoc via cabal install fails

Type echo $PATH and you'll probably see something that either (a) does not include $HOME/.cabal/bin or contains $HOME/.cabal/bin near the end.

Type export PATH=$HOME/.cabal/bin:$PATH, and then cabal install cabal-install. This will install the proper version of cabal, since the version in the ubuntu repositories is out-of-date. Then, you can cabal install pandoc just fine.


How to integrate KeePass and Chrome/Chromium using ChromIPass?

Follow these steps for installing KeePass 2

Install KeePass:

Press Alt+Ctrl+T to start terminal and run following commands one by one.

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:jtaylor/keepass
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install keepass2 mono-complete

Install KeePassHttp:

Go to this link and download "KeePassHttp.dll" and "Newtonsoft.Json.dll"

Press Alt+F2 and run gksu nautilus to open Nautilus as root.

Copy both files to: /usr/lib/keepass2

Install ChromeIPass:

Open Chrome/Chromium and install ChromeIPass

Configuration:

Open KeePass, and visit any login page in Chrome/Chromium i.e gmail.com.

Click the KeePass icon in the URL bar and click the "Connect" button.

You should see this dialog box

Enter any name for your browser here and save it. That's It.


How to apply webcam effects to other applications?

There is a program called "WebcamStudio" which should do exactly what you are asking.

https://sourceforge.net/projects/webcamstudio/


Could not perform immediate configuration on 'util-linux'

Messed up system, I guess.

I tried to do apt-get dist-upgrade -o APT::Immediate-Configure=0 but I got a dependency cycle error: E: Couldn't configure pre-depend multiarch-support for libnih-dbus1, probably a dependency cycle.

Then I tried to apt-get install -f libnih-dbus1 and got another error:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
  libc6-dev: Breaks: cmake (< 2.8.4+dfsg.1-5) but 2.8.1-4~lucid1 is to be installed
E: Broken packages`

Then I tried sudo apt-get install libc6-dev which worked.

Then I did apt-get install util-linux -f -o APT::Immediate-Configure=0 which also worked fine.

So I think this problem is resolved now.


Killing tor causes all the present and future windows to loose the frames

You're probably killing processes you didn't intend to. The -f options matches on the full command line:

The pattern is normally only matched against the  process  name.
When -f is set, the full command line is used.

To see which processes you're actually killing, do:

ps wwuxa |grep [t]or

The actual match as done by pkill is the same as done by pgrep. Compare the PIDs returned by pgrep tor vs. pgrep -f tor.

you'll see many processes; since you run pkill with sudo, this means you kill all those processes. My guess is gtk-window-decorator is the one whose absence causes the frames problem you describe. The rest of the strange behavior is due to the other system processes that also died.

In this case, since "tor" matches several system processes, you should specify a more strict regular expression, and not use -f. This may work:

pgrep  ^tor$

Don't use -f and ensure that it matches only one process, and that the process is indeed tor. Once you're satisfied, you can pkill instead of pgrep.

Finally, I'm unfamiliar with tor, but perhaps somewhere in the documentation you can find a more correct way to shut it down.


Grub2: Disk not found trying to boot LVM partition on raid1 set

Solution found: I discovered that I needed to re-install grub to the boot drive (sudo grub-install --modules='lvm mdraid09' /dev/sda and ditto for /dev/sdb as they are mirrored), after which it found my lvm device and loaded the kernel & initramfs.

Now the next step is to get the raid arrays to start so it can find the root volume - by installing mdadm I think but think I'm ok on this & will ask if I need help


Try
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-all
Reboot

Try
 sudo apt-get --purge autoremove xserver-xorg-input-all && sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-all
Reboot

You can use the 'on screen keyboard' to help you get there.

Ref:Ubuntuforums


How to to use one instance of mysql database in a dual boot setup

Use mysqldump for backuping database from windows and install it in ubuntu. For gui you can use export/import option in phpmyadmin


This might do for you:

   sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

This is to fix your grub and you will need it.  And for nvidia issue - hate to break this news to you, nvidia and ati raedon are the graphic adapters being famous to have issue with Ubuntu.  But, there are work around to that.  I have succeed getting around with ati raedon but, not nvidia yet.

But, I would recommend you to not install driver from their website but, use proprietary driver that is provided by Ubuntu.  You will have a better success with that avenue.
[launcherbar --> system settings --> software & updates --> tab: 'additional drivers'.   It'll list the driver that would work for you.

And if I may ask this...is there any particiular reason why you opted for 12.04?  Would you be ok with 12.10?  I have been on 12.10 for a while since before I uppped to 13.10 last month.  I was always happy with 12.10 than 12.04.  If that's something you would go for, then:

  sudo apt-get -y dist-upgrade


My problem seemed to be related: Kubuntu Breeze-Dark not working as expected

I"ve also been upgrading from Ubuntu to Kubuntu. However, using the newest version of 5.6 of plasma from backports-landing resolved this issue.


Partition table nonresponsive during instal

have you tried a tool such as partedmagic??
If you haven't, try it and wipe the disk (or if you have some data you want to save select the recover disk option that MAY help in your case depending on what IT did)
If that doesn't work run the following command:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdx bs=512 count=1

Where sdx is your corrupted drive.

This will wipe the MBR and partition table. Just make sure you run this on the right drive.

The output will look something like this:

SunGod@linuxpc:~$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdx bs=512 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.0105726 s, 48.4 kB/s


Why does Tomboy say "synchonized" but no notes appear on one.ubuntu.com/notes?

Unfortunately, the web interface for U1-synced notes was removed on February 28, 2012. Note sync will still work, but you won't be able to access them online.

  U1 Notes web interface hasn’t really been working as well as we want it to. We have looked at the improvements required and the resources needed to raise the overall quality of the notes web interface. However, with everything that we have to work on in 2012, plus continuing to improve our core services, we just won’t be able to give it the attention it needs.

  For those of you syncing notes with Ubuntu One, this means you’ll continue to sync them via Tomboy just as you do today. The only difference is that you won’t be able to access these notes via the Ubuntu One web site after February 27th.

  The Ubuntu One Blog


This sets the maximum amount of memory in bytes that a script is
  allowed to allocate. This helps prevent poorly written scripts for
  eating up all available memory on a server. Note that to have no
  memory limit, set this directive to -1.

  Prior to PHP 5.2.1, in order to use this directive it had to be
  enabled at compile time by using --enable-memory-limit in the
  configure line. This compile-time flag was also required to define the
  functions memory_get_usage() and memory_get_peak_usage() prior to
  5.2.1.

  When an integer is used, the value is measured in bytes. Shorthand
  notation, as described in this FAQ, may also be used.

This is a quote from php documentation. Basically its gives your php scripts access to as much memory as they need. Probably not good practice. But there you go.

Thanks
Bill


Black Borders and Black Terminal - Upstart messing up on boot? Ubuntu 16.04

Figured it out.

The situation got worse when I couldn't even log in after rebooting, and after many tries of updating, upgrading, etc, I just tried to reinstall ubuntu-desktop for the second time and this did the trick (while I already did it, guess it was broken).

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop


Problem graphics with ATI Radeon x1270 (RS690M) on Ubuntu 12.04

I have a Gateway L3103u Netbook with this exact same card and problem. The only fix I have ever found is by installing fglrx alongside the open source driver. While the card is not supported in the latest versions of Catalyst, the installation of the driver fixes whatever modeset is causing the buffer error (what I call the drawing of all of those lines).

Disabling modeset (with nomodeset) will also disable your ability to scale your framebuffer, but that might not be an issue for you.


How do I get the webcam working on a Dell Vostro 3460?

Make sure you have the Google talk plugin installed

For 32-bit Ubuntu try:

sudo apt-get install libv4l-0
sudo mv /opt/google/talkplugin/GoogleTalkPlugin /opt/google/talkplugin/GoogleTalkPlugin.real
echo '#!/bin/sh' | sudo tee /opt/google/talkplugin/GoogleTalkPlugin
echo "LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libv4l/v4l1compat.so /opt/google/talkplugin/GoogleTalkPlugin.real" | sudo tee -a /opt/google/talkplugin/GoogleTalkPlugin
sudo chmod +x /opt/google/talkplugin/GoogleTalkPlugin

For 64-bit Ubuntu try:

sudo apt-get install lib32v4l-0
sudo mv /opt/google/talkplugin/GoogleTalkPlugin /opt/google/talkplugin/GoogleTalkPlugin.real
echo '#!/bin/sh' | sudo tee /opt/google/talkplugin/GoogleTalkPlugin
echo "LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib32/libv4l/v4l1compat.so /opt/google/talkplugin/GoogleTalkPlugin.real" | sudo tee -a /opt/google/talkplugin/GoogleTalkPlugin
sudo chmod +x /opt/google/talkplugin/GoogleTalkPlugin

Repeat when you install a new version of the Google Talk plugin


While software source code will definitely tell you the differences made between versions, it is vastly different from what the complied output in machine code looks like.

Complied software results in binary code, which is much less efficient to track the differences between two versions. The result is typically more data is needed to express all of the tiny differences in bytes than any benefit ever gained.

What you might not recognize though, is that many applications have external dependencies often (called libraries) which may, or may not, also get updated when you update the main program. In this way, developers are lessening the amount you must download every time already (even though it's not typically the primary reason to do so, rather an added bonus)


Ubuntu automatically logs in as gdm how do I stop this?

For gdm the following options in /etc/gdm/custom.conf are controlling the automatic login:

TimedLoginEnable=true
TimedLogin=userName
TimedLoginDelay=15

AutomaticLoginEnable=true
AutomaticLogin=userName

To disable the automatic login, ensure that TimedLoginEnable and AutomaticLoginEnable are switched to false.


How to find duplicate rows in gnumeric or Libreoffice calc

This a way you can hide and then remove duplicate rows (or 'records') in Libreoffice Calc

Go to the worksheet that has the duplicate entries, and select 'Data' > 'Filter' > 'Standard Filter' (it seems to automatically select the data in the sheet that it will filter, you may want to do this manually beforehand). Then in the box that pops up, select the column (Field - entering multiple 'Fields' may be possible), and as the value(s) enter 'Not Empty'.Then under the 'Options' pop-down menu, select 'No duplications' - you may want to select other options like 'Case-sensitive', 'Copy results to', etc as well.

It should then filter the data, and hide any duplicate records. You can copy this to a new worksheet if you want to have the dataset without duplicates (instead of the dupes just being hidden). You can reset the filter if necessary by going to 'Data' > 'Filter' > 'Reset Filter'

This worked with Libreoffice 4.2.5.2
The help page for 'Standard Filter' is here.


They will not be included in Ubuntu 10.10. There's nothing about Windicators in the Blueprints for Maverick.

From a developer Q&A:

  [20:36]   QUESTION: ok, giving you a break from Compiz, what can you tell us about the windicators, and the new decoraters? Suggestion if I may, I love the new theme but if I could adjust the window border/header to fit a darker theme that would be awesome
  [20:36]  thanks ;-)
  [20:37]  we do plan to keep working on gtk changes for csd
  [20:37]  client side decoration
  [20:37]  it means it will gtk drawing its decorations directly
  [20:37]  rather than compiz
  [20:38]  but that's quite some work to do and we will need to think about non gtk softwares
  [20:38]  so while this work continue it will not likely go in 10.10
  [20:38]  the changes are often discussed on the ayatana list though
  [20:38]  so feel free to join them to discuss it with them

In other words, there are complications that will take more time to work out for differing systems.


Can I use an installed Xubuntu instance on two computers?

Short answer: Yes :-)

Long answer:

Yes, an installed Ubuntu family operating system is portable between computers with the same architecture PCs with Intel or AMD processors.

But there are things to consider.

32-bit operating systems work in 32-bit and 64-bit computers, but 64-bit operating systems work only in 64-bit computers
Avoid proprietary drivers (for example for graphics)
Normally, an installed system will work only in the boot mode, that was running when installed

if installed in UEFI mode, the installed system works in UEFI mode
if installed in BIOS mode (alias CSM alias legacy mode), the installed system works in BIOS mode

You can tweak an installed system to boot (and work) both in UEFI mode and BIOS mode, but it is not easy, and if connected when Windows is updating, this feature might be destroyed.
a live-only or persistent live system is more portable (but an installed system is more flexible concerning what can be installed and updated & upgraded).

See this link for further details,

Boot Ubuntu from external drive.


Can I create a USB stick that has a permanent Ubuntu install with other bootable ISOs?

A Two Partition Solution
You may be able to get by with 2 (or 3 if you want a Swap) partitions, one for the Full Ubuntu and another for data storage and exchange. Full Ubuntu will install GRUB by default. Modify GRUB to add extra entries that point directly to iso files stored in the first partition along with Ubuntu.
See How to boot from non-Ubuntu live ISO images like Fedora or CentOS? for more details about how to add ISO entries in the GRUB.
Method
First create a primary FAT32 partition in the beginning of the USB for storage. make it the size you want. Alternately, you may shrink the existing partition to the size of general storage partition you want. It is important that this be the first partition, as Windows will only recognize the first partition as the storage partition. The FAT32 format will ensure that it is compatible will most operating systems.
Second Install Ubuntu in the freed up empty space after the first partition. Also make sure the bootloader (GRUB) is installed in the correct USB and not in your hard drive or in the other USB if you are using a Live USB to do the installation from. Choose the whole disk for the GRUB installation. this will look like /dev/sdb, /deb/sdc etc. This will place grub in the MBR. Don't choose a partition such as dev/sdb1.
Third Makes sure everything works so far. Plug the USB into a Windows computer and verify that storage space is readable/ writable. Repeat with Ubuntu and other OSs.
Boot Ubuntu from the USB and make sure it works as expected.
Fourth: Two methods
Easy Method based on Ubuntu Documentation on GRUB2/ISOboot
Install grml-rescueboot
sudo apt-get install grml-rescueboot

Place bootable ISO files in the /boot/grml folder. For example, if the ISO file is in the Downloads folder, type:
sudo mv ~/Downloads/<filename.iso> /boot/grml/

Update GRUB:
sudo update-grub

Next time you boot from the USB, GRUB will have the menu entries for the Full install, as well as all the ISO files.
Manual Method / Hard Method
You may also follow the examples in How to boot from non-Ubuntu live ISO images like Fedora or CentOS? and Ubuntu Documentation ISOboot Examples and edit the file /etc/default/grub and one entry for the first ISO. Make sure the path to the ISO file is correct.
use sudo update-grub command to update the GRUB after editing and saving the /etc/default/grub file.
Repeat for the other ISO files.
Also see this forum post for some more details
Thanks to oldfred for the additional links.
Note: This method of editing GRUB to point to an ISO probably won't work with Windows ISOs.
Hope this helps


Energy settings with dconf Ubuntu 18.04 Gnome 3

Associated dconf path for idle-delay key is /org/gnome/desktop/session/. So you can manipulate it for example using gsettings as follows

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session idle-delay <PREFERRED-VALUE-IN-SECONDS>


Packaging libpython3-stdlib as a separate package allows programs that require libpython3-stdlib and its dependencies to easily install them all in a single command. Results of apt-cache rdepends libpython3.6-stdlib in Ubuntu 18.04:

$ apt-cache rdepends libpython3.6-stdlib
libpython3.6-stdlib
Reverse Depends:
  libpython3.6
  idle-python3.6
  idle-python3.6
  python3.6
  python3-tk
  python3-tk
  python3-lib2to3
  python3-lib2to3
  python3-distutils
  python3-distutils
  libpython3.6-minimal
  libpython3.6-dev
  libpython3.6-dbg
  idle-python3.6
  libpython3-stdlib
  idle-python3.6
  python3-distutils
  python3.6
  python3-tk
  python3-tk
  python3-lib2to3
  python3-lib2to3
  python3-distutils
  libpython3-stdlib
  libpython3.6-minimal
  libpython3.6-dev
  libpython3.6-dbg
  libpython3.6

These packages all require libpython3.6-stdlib, which is itself a dependency of libpython3-stdlib, as a dependency.

From the results of apt show libpython3-stdlib in Ubuntu 18.04:

Python, the high-level, interactive object oriented language, includes an extensive class
library with lots of goodies for network programming, system administration, sounds
and graphics.

This package is a dependency package, which depends on Debian's default Python 3 version
(currently v3.6).

Results of apt-cache depends libpython3-stdlib :

libpython3-stdlib
  Depends: libpython3.6-stdlib

From the results of apt show libpython3.6-stdlib in Ubuntu 18.04:

Python is a high-level, interactive, object-oriented language.

Its 3.6 version includes an extensive class library with lots of goodies for
network programming, system administration, sounds and graphics.

This package contains Python 3.6's standard library.
It is normally not used on its own, but as a dependency of python3.6.

Results of apt-cache depends libpython3.6-stdlib :

libpython3.6-stdlib
  Depends: libpython3.6-minimal
  Depends: mime-support
  Depends: libbz2-1.0
  Depends: libc6
  Depends: libdb5.3
  Depends: libffi6
  Depends: liblzma5
  Depends: libmpdec2
  Depends: libncursesw5
  Depends: libreadline7
  Depends: libsqlite3-0
  Depends: libtinfo5
  Breaks: libmpdec2
  Breaks: libpython3.6-testsuite
  Breaks: python3-distutils
  Breaks: python3-numpy
  Breaks: python3-tk
  Replaces: libpython3.6-testsuite
  Replaces: python3-distutils


Download snap "lxd" (10756) from channel "stable" (invalid credentials) when trying to install

Could you submit the content of /var/log/syslog once you run sudo snap install lxd?

To do so, open a terminal and type:

$ grep snap /var/log/syslog

Solution #1

Usually, when this error occurs, you can resolve it by removing your credentials from ~/.snap/auth.json and by trying to re-authenticate.

Edit:

Solution #2

First, try to stop snapd

$ sudo systemctl stop snapd.service

Take a back-up and remove the /var/lib/snapd/state.json

$ sudo mv /var/lib/snapd/state.json /var/lib/snapd/state.json.bck

Start again snapd

$ sudo systemctl start snapd.service

Login to Snap

$ snap login

Update all Snap packages

$ snap refresh

Remove broken Snap

$ snap remove lxd

Try to install lxd again

$ snap install lxd


How to install the Pantheon desktop environment?

This is answer for newer releases of Ubuntu — 12.04 and up. Remember, use this at your own risk!

Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T).

Add the repositories and update the package list:
 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:elementary-os/daily
 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:elementary-os/os-patches
 sudo apt update

Upgrade your packages...
 sudo apt upgrade

...and install:
 sudo apt install elementary-desktop

After completed installation log out and chose session called Pantheon in LightDM.


Notepad++ has problems with text autocompletion under Wine

I did a bit more digging and found out a solution.
I had to go into the wine configuration, winecfg, and disable Allow the windows manager to control the windows, located under the Graphics tab.
This fixed the problem I was having.


There are a number of things you can do:

Gnome Nanny: Gnome Nanny
Go to system>administration>user and groups, and set options for each user. Many of the options you seek should be here.
Install eiciel, and add acl to your fstab (for the drive where the home partition is), then use eciel to edit permissions for individual users on particular applications.
You can add a set of users to a group, and then prevent access to particular applications, files, and locations for this group.
You can use pessulus to lock certain features out for some users.

You can also peruse the ubuntu wiki for extra tid bits.


"Unable to locate package" while trying to install packages with APT

First, check if the package actually exists:

Go to packages.ubuntu.com with a web browser.
Scroll down to "Search package directories"
Enter  the package which you're trying to install into the "Keyword" field.

Enable "Only show exact matches:"

Change the "Distribution" to which version of Ubuntu you're using.

If there are no results, the package you are looking for doesn't exist and the next steps will not work. It may require a third party PPA or an alternative installation method.

If results are found, the package exists and you may continue with these steps:

Open Software Sources (or Software & Updates in 13.04+) by searching for it in the Dash.
Open the "Ubuntu Software" tab.
Ensure that the first 4 check boxes on this tab are enabled:

Update the package lists, then test with these commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install <TEST_PACKAGE>


Grub menu entries for Windows are generated by the chain_entry function in /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober. The entry names are takes directly from the program os-prober. You can transform them to your liking by modifying said function.


The manual for sshfs mentions some caches, you can change the time-outs on them.

Try -o cache=no. If that works, then consider setting the time-out to some low number.


How to remove the "For Purchase" section from the Software Center?

For 12.04

Derived from  Pavlos G. answer and inspiration from Darmien answer.
Different version? Go to the list.
See the end of the post if you are in trouble and want to revert the changes.

1. Ignore the purchasable apps

Open a terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) and type:

gksu gedit /usr/share/software-center/softwarecenter/db/update.py

And press Enter. You'll be prompted for your password.
Then an editor will appear. Locate the following lines (hint: Ctrl + F may help):

        doc = make_doc_from_parser(parser, cache)
        if not doc:
            LOG.debug("make_doc_from_parser() returned '%s', ignoring" % doc)
            return
        term_generator.set_document(doc)
        name = doc.get_data()

Immediately after those lines, paste the following (including the spaces!):

        if doc.get_value(XapianValues.PRICE) not in (""): return

Note: if you want to keep stuff that doesn't cost money, but has to be "purchased"
(like trials, magazines and other propietary stuff), replace ("") with ("0.00", "").

Save the file (Ctrl + S), open the Software Center and… voila!
There are no commercial programs!
You can close the editor and the terminal now.

2. Remove the "For purchase" channel (optional)

To also remove that "For purchase" item in the menu, open a terminal and type:

gksu gedit /usr/share/software-center/softwarecenter/backend/channel_impl/aptchannels.py

Locate these lines:

        if get_distro().PURCHASE_APP_URL:
            channels.append(for_purchase_channel)

And disable them by putting a # in front of every line:

        #if get_distro().PURCHASE_APP_URL:
        #    channels.append(for_purchase_channel)

Save and enjoy a software center without ads!

Side notes: The. files. are. packaged.

What does this mean, you ask? This means that,
whenever you upgrade your Software Center, the changes
will be reverted and you'll have to do this steps again.

Undo the modifications

If you want to restore the original state of the files,
open a terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall software-center && exit

Again, you will be prompted for your password, this time on the terminal.
Type it and press ENTER. Don't worry if nothing appears when you type, it's to hide your password.
The terminal will automatically close when finished.


USB Drive speed testing app with test options

iozone (sudo apt-get install iozone3) gives you a stupid level of config and detail. There's also bonnie++ but I think that has less use in this case.


How do I fix a "Wireless is disabled by hardware switch" error?

Same happened to me, simply resolved with:

rfkill unblock all

rfkill list all showed some devices on soft block.


Awful Acer Nitro 5 BIOS prevents GRUB detection, GForce 1050 Ti no longer works. TPM problem?

Firstly, thank you very much for you support, especially Oldfred.
I had to reset the battery; enter the bios and resetting all stuff for linux (secure boot, touchpad, AHCI, etc). I could boot, but the kernel modules were still failing (and unable to install any driver, name it nvidia, virtualbox). I could not fix it by updating grub or initramfs in ubuntu rescue mode.Finally Boot Repair could solve everything. For the boot-repair utility (https://sourceforge.net/p/boot-repair-cd/home/Home/) you can install it (after adding the ppa, http://ppa.launchpad.net/yannubuntu/boot-repair/ubuntu) or create a bootable stick.


16.04 switches from default audio device when not available, but doesn't switch back when the default becomes available

So it turns out everything you think you're editing in /etc/pulse/default.pa file isn't doing squat until you copy it to your current user profile (~/.config/pulse/) Shout out to Nebuzaradan for discovering the solution: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/293399/how-to-set-hdmi-sound-output-as-default-on-ubuntu-16-04


try to press CTRL + ALT + F1 then:

sudo /etc/init.d/gdm stop (for Gnome)

sudo /etc/init.d/lightdm stop (for Unity)

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

if you wish to backup X so not to worry:

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup

after all of this start X display:

sudo /etc/init.d/gdm start (for Gnome)

sudo /etc/init.d/lightdm start (for Unity)


Ubuntu OpenStack Autopilot Juju Bootstrap no progress

VM needs to be powered on automatically be MAAS


How can I schedule execution of a program?

What does helloworld do? If it is text application, you would not see the output (unless you setup to receive the cron reports to your local e-mail). If it is a GUI application, it will not work because cron cannot start GUI applications.

Therefore, try with a Java application that creates a file on your system (for example, in /tmp) and observe whether it happens.

In addition, use the MAILTO option in crontab so that you are sure that cron runs properly. The notification e-mails include the output of the program (for example, the message Hello world!) and any errors in running the commands.


First of all, you can look at some general guides like the Arch wiki for information on how you might want to partition things. To your specific questions:

Sort of. In order to share documents between users, you should have a separate partition for the folders like Documents, Pictures, Videos, etc. The users will then have links to these directories in their /home/user directory. In order to separate the settings between the users, you have some options:

Different user for each of the OS partitions (this is what I do)

You would have one /home partition, each user would have their own folder

Same user for both OS partitions

You would have a /home partition for each user

No, swap is a generic partition only used when the OS is running. It can be shared among however many Linux installations are present.
That is up to you. See the link above for a guide to what different partitions do. I opt for the simpler method of just / and /home but the freedom of Linux means you get to choose.

The only exception to this is if you plan on booting with the newer UEFI method. You will need an EFI System Partition which will be either /boot or /boot/EFI.
As commented, having a separate /boot can also help prevent an issue if the OS that is in control of the boot loader fails.


What other bash variables are available during execution such as $USER that can assist on my script?

You can assign certain commands to run without having to provide a password with sudo (man visudo). For example, you might have a line like this, if your username is psusi:

%psusi ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/local/bin/myscript.sh

Use extreme caution with granting all-trusting sudo access.


How to automate notification of a new user

You will need

1) an email server running on your Ubuntu machine which can send an email to your desired address. There are many email server packages available for Ubuntu.
2) You will also need a package which monitors the new enrollment process in the Minecraft Server which will collect that username and UUID, and  https://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/support/server-support-andmay be a good place to look for that.
3) Lastly, you will need a package which outputs that new user data to generate an email to send, unless #2 also does that.

Once you find #2, the package in Minecraft which will do that, the rest will be easy.  The #2 package may have limitations which will dictate the features required by #1 and #3, so look for that first.


Ubuntu 14.04: Videos refusing to go fullscreen and freeze on Firefox

I have the same issue with Ubuntu Gnome 14.04 but I can specify it a little bit. I can have fullscreen once, once I come back by hitting the Esc key or clicking the button, this error occurs. Killing the "plugin-container" process lets the flash-plugin crash and after reload you can give it another try.
For Youtube there is a workaround by switching to HTML5 instead of Flash. Go to https://www.youtube.com/html5 and mark that you want to use HTML5 whenever possible. To get the H.264 codec working in 14.04, you have to use a PPA as the package is not (yet?) available in the official repositories. Once you managed that at least Youtube will work fullscreen.


Put the commands without sudo in /etc/rc.local. The commands you put in there will be run as root during boot.

Also make sure to read the comment in the file present there already, which basically says you need to make sure you put all new lines above the exit 0 line.


How to create bootable pendrive without ubuntu, windows, and other weird stuff?

You can dd the image directly to the drive.

dd if=image.iso of=/dev/sdb


Blender keyboard binding over written by Unity key bindings

Most of blender's keyboard shortcuts can be modified within it's input preferences. You can also Import/Export a collection of Keyboard settings. Blender includes two alternate presets that imitate shortcuts used in 3DSMax and Maya.

It should be quite easy to adjust Blender's shortcuts to prevent it conflicting with unity.


A Virtual Terminal is a full-screen terminal which doesn't run inside an X window (unlike the terminal window on your graphical desktop). Virtual terminals are found on all GNU/Linux systems, even on systems which don't have a desktop environment or graphical system installed.

Virtual terminals can be accessed on an Ubuntu system by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1 till F6. To come back to the graphical session, press Ctrl+Alt+F7.

You can get more in-depth info about virtual terminals on its Wikipedia article.


Why does the following radio stream URL works in a browser but not in Rhythmbox?

You may need to install 'ubuntu-restricted-extras' to make Rythmbox to play these internet radio stations

Here is the steps on how to install 'ubuntu-restricted-extras'. Click on the below link

ubuntu-restricted-extras

Or you can open up a terminal and run the following command:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

This is a bug in Ubuntu 13.04 and more information about bug can be found here.

Also you can try out the Workaround suggested in lp:

  WORKAROUND: Run the command sudo killall gvfsd-http after playing a
  station.


Update for Ubuntu 18.04 and above
New installations of recent versions of Ubuntu does not use a separate swap partition any more. They use a swap file by default. You only need a separate swap partition if you want to enable hibernation at a later stage.
Original Answer
Choose “Something Else” during installation.

A new screen will pop out letting you choose where to install Ubuntu, format, make partitions, etc. Follow carefully the bellow:
Choose the SSD (I refer to it as /dev/sda here. Yours may be different.) and create two partitions in the unallocated space as follows:

Use most of the 30GB for the / partition. Leave 2 to 4GB at the end
for the swap partition. The / partition should be of the type
ext4 and have mount-point of / as below:

The swap partition should be of the type "Swap Area" with no
mount-pont.

The device for boot loader installation should be the default the /dev/sda.
Hope this helps


How to change system icon to different color

Update
This problem is already reported to the Papirus icon site. Here is the bug report https://github.com/PapirusDevelopmentTeam/papirus-icon-theme-gtk/issues/18
But the developers closed the bug report saying that coloring symbolic icons are not possible in Ubuntu. Quoting from here

icons on menu indicator it's ubuntu specific bug only, because unity not colorize symbolic icons. I can't change volume icon because this solution broken compatibility with other DE's and GTK themes.

About Firefox icon changes
When you change theme, icons will be changed. The icons in the firefox toolbar are provided by Arc theme, not by Papirus icon theme.

Papirus comes with two variant.

Papirus-GTK, for light themes like Arc (which you're using)
Papirus-Dark-GTK, to be used with dark themes like Arc-Dark

So, Switch the theme to Papirus-GTK theme. The problem will be solved.
Here is an image of the Same menu with Arc theme with Papirus-GTK icon.


How to set and configure server WWW with apache2 (Ubuntu 16.04)

Description is bit weird, I assume "bridged" connection is one that is connected to hist and outside networks, while local is probably internal VM onky network.
Didn't say which hypervisor so I'll assume you know hiw to setup VMs.
In general way, create two virtual switches, one "internal only", one bridged.
Create two VMs, on one connect just internal-VM-network, on other connect both virtual networks.
Boot installer and install OS (or maybe you have preconfigured VM images, then use those)
On client no need to do anything, just setup static IP, as you don't mention other servers/routers, so no DHCP. Set eg. 10.10.10.11
On server, set static IP on INTERNAL VM adapter, eg 10.10.10.9. we will assume other adapter (bridged) has DHCP or they provided IP details for you, so set that.
On server open terminal or if it's real server just write in terminal / console
sudo apt-get install apache2

After it's done make sure Apache isnup vy writing
service apache2 start
service apache2 status

Your website goes to
/var/www/html/index.htm

Your website config goes to
/etc/apache2/sites-available

Open web from clients browser by typing
http://10.10.10.9/

If this is homework assignment then consult your lab scripts. If it's work assignment consult your mentor and search on based on what I wrote above.
Good luck and keep on trying!


Wired Connection not workin in XUBUNTU 18.04LTS

Try adding enp3s0 to your interface-config, because it seems to be the eth0 you are missing:

auto enp3s0
iface enp3s0 inet dhcp

(enp3sX is just a different naming-scheme based on biosdevname)

Addendum: DELLs specifications about "consistent network device naming in linux"

Addendum 2: Since bionic beaver, netplan is used for network interface configuration


log error: "[drm:gen8_irq_handler [i915]] *ERROR* The master control interrupt lied (SDE)!"

It's caused by an interaction bug between some version 3* / 4* Linux kernels and Intel/Broadwell kernel module i915.ko / i915_bpo.ko.

"ko" stands for "kernel object". The name of the buggy module varies between i915.ko and i915_bpo.ko depending on your Linux kernel version (each kernel version works with a different version of this kernel module).

The i915/i915_bpo file is a kernel module which operates as a device driver for Intel/Broadwell GPU (Graphical Power Unit) devices: in your case, it's the device driver for your VGA-compatible controller Intel Corporation Broadwell-U Integrated Graphics (rev 09).

For more info about this bug, please read and subscribe to this bug report:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1520040

Related bugs:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1488719
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1503541

Currently, the latest stable (working) kernel module is i915_bdw.ko, but in order to use it you'll have to install kernel 3.13.0-36-generic and use it as your system's default kernel.

In order to install kernel 3.13.0-36-generic, run this shell supercommand:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get check && sudo apt-get install linux-image-3.13.0-36-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-36-generic linux-headers-3.13.0-36 linux-headers-3.13.0-36-generic linux-signed-image-3.13.0-36-generic linux-tools-3.13.0-36 -y

If your Ubuntu repository does not have kernel 3.13.0-36-generic, you can manually download and install the necessary files:

Open a shell terminal window.
Run this command in order to check your operating system's architecture:

uname -i

If the answer to the above command is x86_64 (or anything having 64 in it), your system architecture is 64-bit. Otherwise, the above command will return i386 (or something like it, e.g. i586, i686...), thus your system architecture is 32-bit.
Run this command in order to create and access a temporary installation folder:

sudo mkdir /tmp/kerneldebs && cd /tmp/kerneldebs

Now you need to download the 3 necessary files for your system's architecture.

If your system's architecture is 32-bit (i386), run this supercommand:

sudo wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.13.11.6-trusty/linux-headers-3.13.11-03131106_3.13.11-03131106.201408131735_all.deb http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.13.11.6-trusty/linux-headers-3.13.11-03131106-generic_3.13.11-03131106.201408131735_i386.deb http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.13.11.6-trusty/linux-image-3.13.11-03131106-generic_3.13.11-03131106.201408131735_i386.deb && sudo dpkg -i *.deb

If your system's architecture is 64-bit (amd64), run this supercommand:

sudo wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.13.11.6-trusty/linux-headers-3.13.11-03131106_3.13.11-03131106.201408131735_all.deb http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.13.11.6-trusty/linux-headers-3.13.11-03131106-generic_3.13.11-03131106.201408131735_amd64.deb http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.13.11.6-trusty/linux-image-3.13.11-03131106-generic_3.13.11-03131106.201408131735_amd64.deb && sudo dpkg -i *.deb

The supercommand above will download all the three deb files required for kernel installation in your system and then will install them.

Now that you've installed the kernel, you'll have to configure GRUB in order to be able to boot kernel 3.13.0-36-generic by default (instead of booting your current 4.X kernel). For help about how to do it, please read the answers to this question.


I solved!!
I just run the command chmod a+x in the file jetbrains-phpstorm.desktop and he started the IDE normally.


Clamav-Daemon Can't Open lmd.user.ndb, won't start

same problem here on Ubuntu 12.04.
If you disable maldet temporary by:

mv /usr/local/maldetect /usr/local/maldetect.DISABLE

clamav-daemon can be started error free again.
and mail will start working again.

This is a work around of course and I am still investigating what is the real problem.

anton

update:
after updating maldet from 1.4.2 to maldet 1.5  the problem was solved here.


Okay I will add another spin there and answer your question in one line:

There is Lubuntu as well.

All of them are ubuntu. They are not different distros, they are different desktop environments.

Kubuntu is ubuntu with kde. Can be installed in ubuntu with meta-package kubuntu-desktop
Xubuntu is ubuntu with xfce. Can be installed in ubuntu with meta-package xubuntu-desktop
Lubuntu is ubuntu with lxde. Can be installed in ubuntu with meta-package lubuntu-desktop

They all use same repository source and software center. What can be installed in ubuntu can be easily installed in any of the three.

Basically xubuntu and lubuntu are oriented towards older hardware and low resources as they are lightweight than gnome and do not use compositing by default. Although I have not used kubuntu, its for people prefering kde to gnome.  The best way to see the difference is trying it yourself. You may easily install all three DE and check it out yourself.

See here for more available DE for ubuntu What kinds of desktop environments and shells are available?


I'm assuming you have a Window maximized on the first workspace which causes the "dodge" hide of the Launcher be active. When you switch to the new workspace, there is no window causing the dodge behavior of the Launcher to kick in, so the Launcher shows itself.

There is no default way (in Ubuntu 11.04 -> 11.10) to change this. There are methods involving installing CCSM, yet these are unsupported and can break your Unity environment. I won't get into those, as I haven't tried them, perhaps others will.

What is good for you to know is, that in the upcoming 12.04 release you can choose to have the Launcher either always visible, or always hidden (on all workspaces), and you can adjust the size of the icons to reduce screen space used. Perhaps this will give you a working solution without resorting to hacks in the near future.


It seems that you want to install Ubuntu on your system independently of windows and it to be on H drive. There is a simple way to do it.

Right click on "My Computer"
Go to Manage
click on Disk management
There you will find H: drive
Right click on it and Delete that volume

Now that is a free partition, and you can use it for your Ubuntu installation. All you have to do is while installing Ubuntu whenever you get an option to select drive for installation select "USE FREE SPACE". It will automatically get installed on H: which we made as free partition.


Have the rkhunter commands changed since the 12.04 version?

Yes, should be all the same. But just to confirm you should look in the rkhunter manual page with:

man rkhunter

You should be able to view it using the above command if you've installed it from the repositories. If you have installed it from elsewhere then you can look at the online manpages for it here:

12.04
16.04

You may also see all manpage versions for rkhunter here.


Windows 7 won't boot after editing Windows loader partition with GParted

https://neosmart.net/wiki/recovering-windows-bootloader/

Following advice from here, I downloaded and created a Windows 10 installer usb (which is free) and repaired the Windows bootloader from the installer command prompt:

bootrec.exe /fixmbr
bootsect.exe nt60 all /force

This allowed me to boot from windows again.

I then created an Ubuntu live usb; and installed and ran the boot-repair
app to reinstall GRUB:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

This worked for me.


sudo apt update && apt upgrade

Reboot and make sure you choose the latest kernel in your grub menu (should be the default)
sudo reboot

Re-install the VMware Workstation Kernel modules
vmware-modconfig --console --install-all

Reboot one more time to make sure the modules load
sudo reboot

This worked for me.


If you have Intel this may help you. I was having this same problem fairly frequently (3-4 times a day) and nothing I did including upgrading to the 4.8 kernel helped.

Then I found this:

Ubuntu 15.10 and 16.04 keep freezing randomly

Particularly the 1st answer provided the solution that worked for me as I no longer have these "freeze-ups" on my laptop.

= = = Quote of what worked for me = = =

However, this problem(where nothing but forced shutdown works to recover from the freeze) may be related to the kernel and if kernel upgrading cannot solve the problem, then an work-around could be to add the statement intel_idle.max_cstate=1 in the grub configuration file.

Before doing the following make a COPY of your current GRUB file so you can restore it if you happen to mistype something...

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

There is a line in that:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" (like this)

replace with (all 1 line):

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash intel_idle.max_cstate=1"

Save it - (CTRL+O)

then..

sudo update-grub

sudo reboot

Since I've made this change I rarely have any more freeze-ups and if I do they only last for maybe 5-10 seconds then clear up.


How to change App Drawer background to be less transparent

the app drawer background color can be changed by editing "user-shell" theme's .css file.

Please note that, with this answer, the background is not fully covered with the color we want, still edges, and the second page are transparent.

Take Backup of "user-shell" theme's .css file you are using.

  If you are not using custom user-shell theme, below are the default
  files.

  for Ubuntu 18.04 /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css
  for Ubuntu 19.04 & 19.10
  /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/Yaru/gnome-shell.css

Open the file, find the below content.

/* App Vault/Grid */
.icon-grid {
  spacing: 30px;
  -shell-grid-horizontal-item-size: 136px;
  -shell-grid-vertical-item-size: 136px; }
  .icon-grid .overview-icon {
    icon-size: 96px; }

and change it like below, replace any color you want in place of rgba field.

/* App Vault/Grid */
.icon-grid {
  spacing: 30px;
  -shell-grid-horizontal-item-size: 136px;
  -shell-grid-vertical-item-size: 136px;
  background-color: rgba(71, 68, 68, 1); }
  .icon-grid .overview-icon {
    icon-size: 96px; }

Observe i have edited line number 1321 and added this under line number 1321
background-color: rgba(71, 68, 68, 1); }

Save the file, Close & Reboot or Logout and Login to see the Change.

I Use this website for choosing colors https://www.color-hex.com/
Control the transparency by the fourth value in rgba(71, 68, 68, 1)

Other Color with 0.5 transparency: rgba(0, 165, 230, 0.5)


How do I add the trash icon to the desktop in Ubuntu 12.04 using Gnome3?

OK, so I found out that gconf-editor for Gnome3 is actually called Advanced Settings.
I searched for it in the Software Center and installed it and ran it afterwards from System Tools-Preferences-Advanced Settings

Everything I needed to adjust was inside this program.


Option or command for finding whether a file is empty

You can use test with -f and ! -s, which will return 0 in case of an existing empty regular file or 1 otherwise:

-f FILE
    FILE exists and is a regular file
-s FILE
    FILE exists and has a size greater than zero

test -f file -a ! -s file && printf 'File exists and is empty.\n'

Or using a more common syntax:

[ -f file -a ! -s file ] && printf 'File exists and is empty.\n'

$ touch empty
$ printf '\n' >non_empty
$ test -f file -a ! -s empty && printf 'File exists and is empty.\n'
File exists and is empty.
$ test -f file -a ! -s non_empty && printf 'File exists and is empty.\n'
$

You could add a function to ~/.bashrc for convenience:

is_empty() { test -f file -a ! -s file && printf 'File exists and is empty.\n'; }

Or using a more common syntax:

is_empty() { [ -f file -a ! -s file ] && printf 'File exists and is empty.\n'; }

$ touch empty
$ printf '\n' >non_empty
$ is_empty empty
File exists and is empty.
$ is_empty non_empty
$


No, the DVD iso shows up and works just fine.  Of course, your USB stick has to be large enough to handle it.


Setting:

auto wlan0

seemed to fix the problem


How to reinstate dualboot after upgrading to Windows 8.1?

You need to fix the  windows bootloader.So boot windows installation disk then click on the Repair your computer option at the startup.

After that click on the command-prompt option.In that command-prompt run the following commands to fix the windows bootloader,

bootrec /fixmbr
bootrec /fixboot
bootrec /rebuildbcd

And then try boot-repair.


How can I transfer photos to PC from Meizu Ubuntu phone?

I followed this post on Ubuntu Forums.
This solved the problem and I can see my device (Meizu MX4 Ubuntu Edition) in the file manager and transfer files without any problems.

  Install some of the common MTP apps that will be needed. Open up a terminal and type the following two lines one after the other.

sudo apt-get install libmtp-common mtp-tools libmtp-dev libmtp-runtime libmtp9
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

  Amend the fuse.conf file. FUSE is an application that aims to provide a secure method for non privileged users to create and mount
  their own file system implementations. This option overrides the
  security measure restricting file access to the user mounting the file
  system. So all users (including root) can access the files. This
  option is by default only allowed to root, but this restriction can be
  removed with a change to the aforementioned fuse.conf file as follows:

sudo nano /etc/fuse.conf

  We want to remove the # from the below line of code for user_allow_other, like this:

#/etc/fuse.conf - Configuration file for Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE)

#Set the maximum number of FUSE mounts allowed to non-root users.
#The default is 1000.
#mount_max = 1000

# Allow non-root users to specify the allow_other or allow_root mount options.
user_allow_other

  Now save the file by pressing Ctrl+X, type Y and then pressEnter.
  Set up some rules for our device that we plan on connecting, but before we do that we need to find out both the vendor and product id.

  Connect your device via an available USB port and from terminal run:

lsusb

  This should bring up an output similar to the following:

Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0fce:01b1 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 0461:4d65 Primax Electronics, Ltd
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0846:9020 NetGear, Inc. WNA3100(v1) Wireless-N 300 [Broadcom BCM43231]

  You need to look for your device, in this instance my Sony Tablet is at the top of the list, the vendor id is 0fce and product id is
  01b1.
  Amend the mtp udev rules as follows and type:

sudo nano /lib/udev/rules.d/69-mtp.rules

  Then add the below line of code:

# Sony Xperia Z2 Tablet
ATTR{idVendor}=="0fce", ATTR{idProduct}=="01b1", SYMLINK+="libmtp-%k", ENV{ID_MTP_DEVICE}="1", ENV{ID_MEDIA_PLAYER}="1"

  Remember what you're changing here is the device name next to the #, this can be whatever you want, the # comments out the code, but for clarity and reference later I would choose the name of your
  tablet/phone and also the vendor id and product id, they should match
  what was seen when you issued the lsusb command earlier.

  Once done, save the file.
  Add a line of code to the 51 android rules file:

sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules

  Then add the following line of code:

ATTR{idVendor}=="", ATTR{idProduct}=="", MODE=”0666"

  What is highlighted in red needs to be changed to your device product id and vendor id.
  Once that is done and the file is saved, remove any USB device currently connected and run the following command:

sudo service udev restart

  Save any other remaining work you may have open and reboot the system.

sudo reboot

  Once rebooted you should now be able to plug your Android device
  in(making sure the screen is unlocked) and VIOLA!!(or at least I hope)
  You will now be able to transfer data to/from your Android device via
  the much quicker and much more reliable MTP


Problem with Pidgin and Launcher in Unity 3D

You don't see Pidgin in the launcher since it should be integrated in the Message-Menu:

I'm not sure, but maybe if you delete the file /usr/share/indicators/messages/applications/pidgin, you could restore the arrow behaviour you wish.
To check if my suggestion works, try moving the file first, so you can restore if it's not working.


start-mapred.sh file not present in Hadoop 2.7.0

It is not a problem with your installation. Hadoop 2 uses YARN framework i.e. MapReduce 2.0 (MRv2).
Refer Hadoop Yarn for more details.

So, start-mapred.sh is not required. To start Hadoop, use start-all.sh or start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh.

YARN’s original purpose was to split up the two major responsibilities of the JobTracker/TaskTracker into separate entities:

a global ResourceManager
a per-application ApplicationMaster
a per-node slave NodeManager
a per-application Container running on a NodeManager

You might be following tutorials explaining Hadoop 1 setup.

Apache Hadoop Yarn will help you.


I did figure it out.

I can remote from Ubuntu PC to Ubuntu PC by installing Xrdp Server on Traget Ubuntu PC.  I assumed Remmina will install the necessary servers.  It is not the case; after installing Remmina, install RDP Server, and configure ufw Firewall on Target PC.

Instructions are from How to Install Xrdp Server (Remote Desktop) on Ubuntu 20.04 | Linuxize.

Update first

Xrdp is incuded in the default Ubuntu repositories; to install, run:
$ sudo apt install xrdp

When installation is complete, the Xrdp service will automatically start. You can verify by typing:
$ sudo systemctl status xrdp

By default Xrdp uses the /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key file that is readable only by members of the ssl-cert group. Run the following command to add the xrdp user to the group :
$ sudo adduser xrdp ssl-cert

Restart the Xrdp service for changes to take effect:
$ sudo systemctl restart xrdp

Firewall:
To allow access to the Xrdp server from a specific IP address or IP range, for example, 192.168.33.0/24, you would run the following command:
$ sudo ufw allow # from 192.168.33.0/24 to any port 3389

If you want to allow access from anywhere (which is highly discouraged for security reasons), run:
$ sudo ufw allow 3389


The US Robotics 56K USB FAX/MODEM works great.


The requirement for the two-NIC node comes from MAAS... it is talking to the Internet on one NIC, and to the PXE-provisioned network on the other.

I do not know why your setup is failing detection however... someone will need to edit this answer with that bit :)


Folders in Home of Ubuntu minimal install

You are probably just missing the xdg-user-dirs-gtk and xdg-user-dirs packages. Install them and they should take care of the rest (you might have to log out and log back in to see the changes).


Don't bother fixing the USB stick. They all eventually flake out. They are not for long-term storage. More like for moving presentations around, that'd be about it. If it's still under warranty, Sandisk might send you a new one. You saved the files from it, that's what counts.


Nautilus suddenly closes when I attempt to drag a file or folder

Are you, by any chance, using custom themes? I had some serious problems with those, but I don't know exactly what was causing them.

Nemo is used in Linux Mint, which is based on Ubuntu. Although there is no answer for your problem (if it were for Windows, I would suppose it had something to do with your custom themes), changing to Nemo might prevent the crashing, for the time being.


Editing the theme inside `gnome-shell-theme.gresource` has prevented Ubuntu from booting?

Okay, so I found a way to undo this mess.
Use ctrl + alt + F3 to access tty, basically interface with the computer without any GUI.
Purge the mutilated version of gdm3 that is punishing its creator who made edits without a backup.
Sudo apt purge gdm3

Go and delete your Yaru folder manually if it still exists. I got a message saying mine did.
cd /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/

ls

Yup, damn thing was still there, clinging on for dear life.
sudo rm -r Yaru

Install fresh gdm3
sudo apt install gdm3

sudo apt install-desktop-theme-minimal

Start user interface by running...
startx

Reconfigure gdm3
sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3

The above only seemed to get me from a boot-loop to a login-loop so I also had to change some permissions...
sudo chmod a+wt /tmp

Hopefully, you can now successfully login. And if you want to edit your login screen you can use this script from thiggy01 instead of bricking your OS.


how to call using a synthetic voice in Skype

I played around with this and I think I found a scheme. The idea is to get a text-to-speech program to output on a dummy sound output, and then have skype use the monitor of that output as its input.

Here's what I did:

Load the dummy sound card driver

sudo modprobe snd-dummy

A dummy output and input should appear in the sound settings

Install a text-to-speech program -- I use festival. Test it.

festival --tts
hello world
<hit Ctrl-D>

Open the pulseaudio control centre (install it if you need to).
Have festival read something long:

cat /var/log/dmesg | festival --tts

In pulseaudio control, change the output source of festival on the "playback" tab to the dummy card. Also change the input to skype to be "monitor of dummy output".

Then you're done! To speak in your meeting use

festival --tts
<test goes here>
<ctrl-d>


This is actually a bug, however, there is a known solution.
First, edit your /etc/X11/Xresources/x11-common file:
sudo nano /etc/X11/Xresources/x11-common

Now, add this to or edit the file to include the following:
Xcursor.size: 22
Xcursor.theme: DMZ-Black

Known sizes are 8, 16, 22, 24, 32
Press CTRL + o and then press ENTER to save the file. Press CTRL + x to exit nano.
Log out and then log back in or restart your xsession to apply the changes.
Personally, I use Adwaita instead of DMZ-Black. Adwaita is a quite similar black cursor but has a different spinning icon for when the system is busy.
You can install it:
sudo apt-get install adwaita-icon-theme-full

Then, set the file like so:
Xcursor.size: 22
Xcursor.theme: Adwaita

source: bugs.launchpad.net

See this related answer for how to change the cursor size on certain applications.


How to switch a netbook desktop on 12.04?

That desktop option is not available since Ubuntu 11.04.

The Ubuntu Netbook Edition was introduced in Ubuntu 8.04, since Ubuntu 10.10 started using Unity the Netbook interface was set aside as an option only and since Ubuntu 11.04 you cannot install it anymore.

Unity should adapt it self for your screen's resolution and most of the times it looks nice enough to use it. If you do not agree and you need something more sleek maybe Kubuntu with it's Netbook plasma desktop is something to consider

At least you will be running the latest Ubuntu has to offer.


gnome-power-manager is running while trying to log in. How to get rid of it?

I suggest you mark this bug report (note that despite the title it is not not iPhone/iPod specific) as affecting you. Currently 55 people have marked it as affecting them.


How can i restore a mimetypes file? electrum Error: No module named mimetypes

Problem solved! I made missing mimetypes.py from github, after (maybie not necessary) made sudo apt-get install --reinstall python2.7


How to fix fdisk -u an already existing LVM drive (I broke my LVM)

Okay I did some more searching and I did the following things to fix my issue and all my data is back (as far as I can see).

On my rescue system I did:

pvcreate --uuid "FbVZOZ-zxwZ-S32P-3L6U-BzkT-fkJ2-UmTDMz" --restorefile /etc/lvm/archive/vg0_00000-741612506.vg /dev/nvme1n1p2

and then rebooted


I added the following to the end of /lib/systemd/system/knockd.service and seems to work fine:

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=knockd.service

Regards.

I've opened a bug report:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/knockd/+bug/1799697


A: What is the hotkey (shortcut) for change current gedit tab?

Switch to the next tab to the right > Ctrl + Alt + PageDown .

For the left < tab change the last key to PageUp.

See Custom keyboard shortcuts in gedit.

Also more gedit shortcuts at help.gnome.org[...].


As we found out, you have no .profile file in your home. Look at the bash's manual here for Bash startup files.

Make a .profile for yourself:

nano ~/.profile

Insert this text to that file (copied from Debian Squeeze):

# ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.
# This file is not read by bash(1), if ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login
# exists.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files for examples.
# the files are located in the bash-doc package.

# the default umask is set in /etc/profile; for setting the umask
# for ssh logins, install and configure the libpam-umask package.
#umask 022

# if running bash
if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
    # include .bashrc if it exists
    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
        . "$HOME/.bashrc"
    fi
fi

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

Tip: if you are making a new user, use the -m switch to make him a dir, and place the default files, eg.: sudo useradd example -m -d /home/example


Here is a workaround build upon what you already have:
$ CONTENT=$(curl -w %{http_code} https://git.io)
$ [ $(tail -1 <<<$CONTENT) -eq 200 ] && head -n -1 <<<$CONTENT > output

To match what you asked in the comments:
$ [ $(tail -c -4 <<<$CONTENT) -eq 200 ] && head -c -4 <<<$CONTENT > output

What is happening:

Content includes the HTTP code at the last line.

Second line says if the last line is 200 exclude it from the others and redirect what remains to a file named output.

You might also want to use -s with curl to make it silent.


How to I get my page on Ubuntu 14.04 to maximize correctly

I suppose using CompizConfig Settings Manager can be of some use for your problem (install it, if you don't have it).

     sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager wmctrl

Check your present settings using Window Management tab, and change settings for maximize window or look for Snap Window or for Grid features. Try different settings until you get what you need. Check other tabs in CompizConfig Settings Manager for wrong compositing options.

Note: Using CompizConfig Settings Manager can make your system freeze. Change only what it is required for your present needs, and if anything goes wrong revert CompizConfig Settings to default and try again.


What is the CVE-2014-6271 bash vulnerability (Shellshock) and how do I fix it?

What is Bash?

Bash is the default interactive shell in Ubuntu. When you are interfacing with the terminal (either through the terminal emulator, over a tty, or ssh), you are generally typing commands that bash will read, and execute. Even if you do not use the terminal at all, you still have Bash.

On Ubuntu, /bin/sh is not bash (it is dash). Only bash is affected by this vulnerability.

How does the exploit affect me?

Bash and the OS keep track of a set of environment variables that describe the current logged-on user, where to look for programs on the hard disk, and other such functions. By crafting an environment variable with a specific structure, an attacker might be able to execute code next time Bash starts.

The attacker can set that environment variable multiple ways:

Remotely connect to a service such as SSH with a specific setup such as git over ssh. As Mitre warns, the use of the sshd ForceCommand option is an attack vector. Accounts whose shell isn't bash aren't affected.
Tricking you into setting the environment variable.
Causing another program to set an environment variable to have that crafted value. For example, you might have a webserver and script that needs to set an environment variable with specific user content. Even if that script creates its own, and doesn't touch other environment variables, it's enough. A single environment variable with any name and a crafted value is enough for the exploit to succeed.
Other  ways I have not mentioned here.

Once they set this variable, the next time bash opens for any reason, your attacker's code will be run. This is especially fearsome with sudo -s, as it spawns bash as the super-user (an administrative user rule that has full control over your computer's data and programs). Even if you only start bash as a standard user, that user's files can be deleted.

It is important to note that even if you do not use bash yourself, many programs will spawn bash by themselves as part of their operation. Even in this case, you are vulnerable. However, Ubuntu's /bin/sh is not bash, so only programs that explicitly invoke bash and not the default scripting shell are affected.

According to Mitre:

  vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution.

Am I vulnerable?

Use dpkg to check your installed package version:

dpkg -s bash | grep Version

This will look up info on your bash package, and filter the output to only show you the version. The fixed versions are 4.3-7ubuntu1.4, 4.2-2ubuntu2.5, and 4.1-2ubuntu3.4.

For example, I see:

wlan1-loopback% dpkg -s bash | grep Version
Version: 4.3-7ubuntu1.4

and can determine that I am not vulnerable.

How do I update?

The standard update manager will offer you this update. This is a prime example of how security updates are important, no matter what OS you use or how well-maintained it is.

The USN Bulletin states that new versions have been released for Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr, 12.04 Precise Pangolin, and 10.04 Lucid Lynx. If you are not on one of these LTS versions, but are on a reasonably-recent version, you'll most likely be able to find a patched package.

First, check if you

If you are vulnerable, you should first grab the newest package lists:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install bash

The first command makes sure that you have the newest package list that includes the fixed version, and the second command installs the newest (fixed) version of bash.

While the bug only appears to come into play when bash is spawned, it's still a good idea to reboot immediately if feasible.


Disabling discrete NVIDIA card on ASUS r501vb on 13.10 Saucy, vgaswitharoo or bumblebee?

I am not an expert but I also have an Asus laptop (different model though) and I did this to stop the Nvidia card:

sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia

Also have a look at 8 Things To Do After Installing Ubuntu 13.10 (article on Web Upd8). If you ever want to launch an app with the Nvidia card you need to call it with the optirun command. The article explains how to create a a link to invoke optirun.


I was able to resolve it by disabling the encryption on the router. I am able to connect to the router now. It is fine for my purpose since I do not need encryption.


Take a peek of this, found courtesy of DuckDuck. But, be aware, the recent changes in Ubuntu 17.10 to Wayland may not be supported within the AMD Drivers.

https://community.amd.com/thread/183011

Voila.


The routes look fine. I'll assume that those IP addresses are private ones (LAN) and not public accessible.

Since you're connected in different ways to the network (wifi / wired), it's very likely that your router has separated wired / wireless networks. Try connecting both of them on a wired (or wireless) connection. Another possibility is that a firewall on the Ubuntu machines is blocking connections.

Otherwise, configure your router to use the same network (subnet) for wireless and wired connections. Also make sure that the router does not block client-to-client communication.

Your router is possibly dropping all unsolicited packets, that's why your friend gets a "connection timed out" message on your public IP address. Configure NAT port forwarding so that the public IP address + port combination forwards to your LAN address.

Example network:

YOUR NETWORK (A)
    Router A (public address: 198.51.100.1)
    Desktop A - 10.0.0.2
    Laptop  A - 10.0.0.3

YOUR FRIENDS NETWORK (B)
    Router B (public address: 203.0.113.1)
    Machine B - 192.168.0.2

On Router A, setup NAT forwarding:

To make your desktop accessible:
  forward the public port 22 to 10.0.0.2
To make your laptop accessible:
  forward the public port 2222 to 10.0.0.3

If you've a firewall (ufw, iptables, ...) on the machines set, allow incoming traffic to port 22 (Desktop A) and port 2222 (Laptop A).

The desktop can now be accessed using SSH with:

ssh user@198.51.100.1 -p 22

The laptop can now be accessed using SSH with:

ssh user@198.51.100.1 -p 2222

If you want to access your friends machine, apply these instructions to his machine + router.


As much as I understand the potential benefit from having a shared NTFS partition accessible from both Ubuntu, and Windows we need to keep the following in mind:

Data on NTFS do not have proper permissions when accessed from Ubuntu (think of executable, read-only, hidden...).
No Trash on NTFS. Accidentally deleted files can not be recovered without recovery tools.
There is no filesystem repair tool from Ubuntu. In case of filesystem inconsistencies booting Windows is a prerequisite.
NTFS data access is a bit slower from Ubuntu.

Therefore an NTFS formatted data-only partition only makes sense when we have Windows in a dual-boot setup.

Having Ubuntu HOME on an NTFS formatted partition is not possible.


Is the Gmail Webapp message count broken, or did I just do something wrong?

You haven't done anything wrong.

The Ubuntu Web App for Gmail is relatively new and just doesn't do much yet. It only works when Gmail is open in the web browser.


How can I use init.d (or some other method) to run a screen script on boot up?

I currently use a screen script for minecraft.

This is how I do it: screen -dmS.

Exact lines in the script :

as_user "cd $MCPATH && screen -dmS $SCREEN $INVOCATION"
as_user "screen -list | grep '\.$SCREEN' | cut -f1 -d'.' | tr -d -c 0-9 > $pidfile"

You could probably just use screen -dm it might work perfectly for you.

As far as the "run it on boot" You can make an init.d script.

sudo vi /etc/init.d/screensh:

#!/bin/bash
# /etc/init.d/screensh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:   screen.sh
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs
# Required-Stop:  $local_fs $remote_fs
# Should-Start:   $network
# Should-Stop:    $network
# Default-Start:  2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:   0 1 6
# Short-Description:    Screen.sh
# Description:    This runs a script continuously in screen.
### END INIT INFO

case "$1" in

  start)
        echo "Starting screen.sh"
        screen -dm sh /var/www/scripts/screen.sh
        ;;
  stop)
        echo "Stopping screen.sh"
        PID=`ps -ef | grep screen.sh | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'`
        kill -9 $PID
        ;;

  restart|force-reload)
        echo "Restarting $screen"
        PID=`ps -ef | grep screen.sh | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'`
        kill -9 $PID
        sleep 15
        screen -dm sh /var/www/scripts/screen.sh
        ;;
  *)
        N=/etc/init.d/$NAME
        echo "Usage: $N {start|stop|restart}" >&2
        exit 1
        ;;
esac
exit 0

And then run sudo update-rc.d screensh defaults.

Try that, play around with it if it doesn't work, but it should...  don't really have a test system to play around with at the moment.


To perform a file system check...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery Mode
choose root access
type sudo fsck -f /
run fsck more than once if there were errors
type reboot


Is there any way to add delay to multiple audio outputs?

Being ineligible yet, unfortunately, I can't upvote this question, which is hard to believe that was almost not been asked (?!). But it's absolutely relevant!
Finally I've answered a similar question to myself. Mine is how to add a delay to the sound played from a single stream. The following recipe can be scaled to multiple streams though.
Here are the steps, inspired by the examples from PulseAudio under the hood - Example setups:

Set up a pipe sink:
pactl load-module module-pipe-sink file="output.pcm"

Start (prepare to) playing from it with a delay of your choice (like 10 secs below):
pacat --latency-msec=10000 output.pcm

Make sure to set your input stream (your speaker's one) to be played back on the created pipe sink. Do that in pavucontrol's Playback tab.

Note that steps 2 and 3 can be done in any order.


Access Jenkins through Tomcat7 and Apache2

In order for your proxy server to be able to pass your request to and the response back from the jenkins server on 8080, it'll have to be available, at least to itself, at jenkins_box:8080.

Restricting access:

From the wider internet

If both the jenkins instance and the proxy server are running on the same machine (as in your case), all you need to do to prevent someone from outside your LAN (someone accessing my.website.com from the wider internet) is simply NOT forward port 8080 from your router to your server. Forward just port 80.

You could have nearly identical virtualhost blocks, one for sonarqube, set to the servername sonarqube.mywebsite.com, and another for jenkins, set to jenkins.mywebsite.com. Forward only port 80 to that machine, and bingo bango, from the internet, the only way to get to those services is by those subdomains.

On your LAN

Since the only device you want to allow to access server:8080 is server itself, inside the virtualhost directives for sonarqube and jenkins, you can set the Allow and Deny settings.

For example:

Order deny,allow
Allow from 127.0.0.1

Would go inside each virtualhost block. You may also want to specify the server's IP address as an additional allowed IP (pretending your server's IP is 192.168.1.12):

Allow from 127.0.0.1 192.168.1.12

This is almost exactly the setup I have for several of my own services.


It seems your autoconf and automake packages are not up to date, did you try to update them? if not, you may run:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get upgrade

and afterwards if your problem is still unsolved try to install autoconf and automake again:

sudo apt-get install automake
sudo apt-get install autoconf


Where is the place where actual size of desktop icons is stored?

File attributes for icons are stored in binary files inside ~/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/.

To read an attribute for a file you need to use the gvfs-info command supplied by the gcfs-bin package.

To read the complete metadata stored from a file/folder on the gvfs use gvfs-info -a "metadata::*" <path_to_file/folder>, ie

  gvfs-info -a "metadata::*" /home/bruno/Desktop/Screenshot\ at\ 2011-12-14\ 21:29:29.png

attributes:
  metadata::icon-scale: 2.6875
  metadata::nautilus-icon-position-timestamp: 1323894580
  metadata::screen:
  metadata::nautilus-icon-position: 77,15

To set an attribute inside the gvfs you use the command gvfs-set-attribute which is also part of gvfs-bin as this gvfs-set-attribute <path_to_some_file/folder> metadata::some-key "some_value"

If you want to change the scale of an icon in gnome you need to change the icon-scale attribute so for the file shown before if I wanted to reset the scale to 1 would do that as this

gvfs-set-attribute /home/bruno/Desktop/Screenshot\ at\ 2011-12-14\ 21:29:29.png metadata::icon-scale "1"

Unfortunately I could only see the changes after I logged off and back in on, unity --replace & did not do the trick. I am not sure if you can force Gnome to reload the data from the gvfs binaries.


Ubuntu 16.04 Firefox not creating SSLKEYLOGFILE to be used by wireshark

You must use Firefox developer edition or recompile firefox with trace and debug options.


How to link inserted images by default in LibreOffice writer?

@manj_k over at AskLibreOffice was kind enough to let me repost his answer here:

Current state

As of this point there is no way of telling LO to link inserted images by default. But this enhancement has been requested, triaged and given a high priority on LO's bugtracker,  so it's on its way:

Bug 61358 - UI: Remember state of option "Insert image from file -> Linked"

If you are interested in this feature and would like to follow its development I would advise you to subscribe to the bug report. Feel free to contribute and comment if you have any ideas on how you would like to see this option implemented.

Workaround

The Insert from File dialog isn't the only way to link a picture in a document. You can do so as well by dragging and dropping the image in question while holding down CTRL + SHIFT. Personally, I prefer this workflow as it's faster than the Insert dialog. Note: This only appears to be working with LO writer.


Network scanning script - cronification issues

It appears you have no user in cron.

# m h dom mon dow user command

01 * * * * {insert user here} /usr/local/include/gt-netscan


Embed .avi video from file in Powerpoint 2010 (under Wine)

You'll have to convert the file using a Windows Media codec, rather than h.264. I don't think Office can embed h.264 video by default. If you install the appropriate codec package under wine, though, it should start working.


Ubuntu 17.10 on Toshiba Chromebook no sound

It's a common issue for Toshiba Chromebook laptops but a fedora user figured out a fix. Follow the instuction with the necessary adjustments:

Export the "asound.state" file from Chrome Os.
Make sure Alsa isn't running.
Overwrite /var/lib/alsa/asound.state with the Chrome Os file.
Again, as root, edit the [Element Speaker]section of
/usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-output-headphones.conf,
making switch = mute and volume = zero. This enable the speaker
muting when a pair of headphones is plugged in.
Reboot.

Here the original post:
https://plus.google.com/+JamesFuBEEFCAKE/posts/Tf4Pc5Z8reH

and here look at post #8 maybe come handy:
https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-hardware-18/toshiba-chromebook-2-audio-cb35-4175558711/

This is the troubleshooting for alsa:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshootingProcedure


How to install Ubuntu 16.04 Server from USB drive?

Once you have burn Ubuntu Server 16.04 to a USB, go to your computer's boot menu at boot by pressing esc or f10, depending on the manufacturer, and then select "USB device".


Software Center gives me an "Error scanning the CD: Could not find a suitable CD"

In that same tab from the screenshot, look for "Cdrom with Ubuntu 12.04 'Precise Pangolin'" and uncheck it. I had two of them in mine. After that it should work. Otherise, please post all of your external repos as there may be an issue with one of them:

tail -n +1 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*

and

cat /etc/apt/sources.list


eth0 and wlan0 are interface names but the general options for them should be the same, if you want to configure your wlan0 interface for static IP you can do so using the same terminology of the information you see in the internet referring to eth0.

They are just names for the interfaces, nothing else. The name of your wireless interface in your system is wlan0 use that while editing it but the rest (IP address, subnet masks, broadcasts...) are common options for any interface.

If you are not so confident in editing the interfaces by hand you can also use nm-connection-editor to edit your wireless (and much more).

Open a terminal and typo gksudo nm-connection-editor or the same after you pressed Alt+F2 in your desktop.


krunner - like solution in non kde environment

I suggest you to try Gnome Do. It is fully customizable with plugins and you can also choose which folders you want to index, the depth of indexing and which folders or subfolders you want to ignore.


Apt-get Update stuck at 0% [archive.ubuntu.com] Ubuntu version 18.04

You could try the commands below:

sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get update

The above commands would clear the repository cache and update the system. These commands would fix your problem if it's with the software.

If the problem still persists, chances are that you have a poor network connection. Troubleshoot your network devices like routers and switches or other network equipment.


That message (which you wouldn't normally see unless you either enabled debug, or went looking in the system journal) means that the snapd package in your distribution is newer than the core snap in your system. This is not normally a problem (it would be if we didn't detect it, which is why we log it when we do); snapd and snap (and snap-confine, and etc.) will do the right thing in this scenario, and most likely you'll soon have a refreshed core snap that will bring everything back into sync.