NO_PUBKEY error while upgrading from 12.04

Try to remake the bootable usb and make sure its formated Fat32 not as NTFS.Oh and sometimes people download the iso from torrents and CNET where most of the  times they face problems as for example not valid keys incomplete packages ect.So make sure you download the iso from the official ubuntu page (which is the link below) and make sure u make the bootable usb the right way.Btw sometimes this could be caused by the software you have used to create the bootable usb,most of the people use Rufus and it works like a charm but you could even use something else like Win32 Disk Imager or UUI(Universal Usb Installer).I hope this helped

The official download page for the iso you need
https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop


failed to upgrade to 12.04, stuck at 11.10

You might be able to fix it but it will be slower and crash more often. The best thing is just to make a solid backup of all your files and start over with a fresh 12.04.

I had the same issue when upgrading to 11.10, I fixed it but it wasn't as good as a fresh 11.10

Linked question:

How do I install Ubuntu?


Can't get packages without wifi, but can't get wifi without package

We will edit one configuration file and get the wireless connected. First, confirm that your wireless interface is wlp1s0:

ifconfig

Once confirmed, next do:

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

Amend the file to read:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto wlp1s0
iface wlp1s0 inet dhcp
wpa-ssid <your_router>
wpa-psk <your_wpa_key>

Proofread carefully, save (Ctrl+o) and exit (Ctrl+x) the text editor. Next, do:

sudo ifup -v wlp1s0

Did you connect? Test:

ping -c3 www.ubuntu.com

It may take a reboot.

EDIT: Your wireless is blocked by the airplane mode button. Please do:

sudo -i
echo "blacklist ideapad_laptop"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
modprobe -r ideapad_laptop
exit

Now the button will probably work. Next, try again:

sudo ifup wlp1s0


problem in installing libfreenect2 on ubuntu 15.04

The missing header file is part of more than one package. Check this first (you have 64-bit)

sudo apt-get install libc6-dev-amd64

or for 32-bit (for later readers with 32-bit systems)

sudo apt-get install libc6-dev-i386

Have a look at the packages with this header file here.


nosuid is an option for mounting partitions/discs and options are the next column after the filesystem type.

/dev/shm is a temporary file storage filesystem. You probably added this yourself to /etc/fstab? Lines inside /etc/fstab need to be similar to this lay-out (the device names will probably be UUIDs):

# device name   mount point     fs-type      options           dump-freq pass-num
LABEL=/         /               ext4         defaults           1         1
/dev/sda6       swap            swap         defaults           0         0
none            /dev/pts        devpts       gid=5,mode=620     0         0
none            /proc           proc         defaults           0         0
none            /dev/shm        tmpfs        defaults           0         0

The last line is a possible similar line as you will need.  Your /etc/fstab will have a line related to /dev/shm with nosuid in the fs-type column. Of course that is an invalid filesystem so Ubuntu can not mount the disc.

Change it to something similar as in my example by dropping to command line and

gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

and correct the line matching /dev/shm.

See the difference?

# device name   mount point     fs-type      options           dump-freq pass-num
none            /dev/shm        tmpfs        defaults           0         0

tmpfs           /dev/shm        defaults,boexec,nosuid    0     0

It is not even close to being correct ;)


Differences between doublequotes " ", singlequotes ' ' and backticks ` ` on commandline?

For the sake of example, consider that variable foo contains uname (foo=uname).

echo "$foo" outputs uname, substituting variables in text.

For a literal $ character inside " quotes, use \$; for a literal ", use \".

echo '$foo' outputs $foo, the exact string.

Even ' can't be escaped as \' inside ' quotes. But you can use 'foo'\''bar'.

echo `$foo` outputs Linux, executing the content of the variable and echo printing it.


Cannot connect to any networks after spoofing MAC address

First, change everything back to default so that everything is in working order.

Next, run the following commands to install macchanger; macchanger is a command line tool developed for the purpose of changing your mac address:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install macchanger

You may be asked if you want to run automatically. You can choose yes or no.

For testing purposes, I have selected no, however, you may find this option useful. There is no guarantee the real MAC address will not be leaked. This option can be changed or set by editing the file /etc/default/macchanger, setting to ENABLE_ON_POST_UP_DOWN=true or ENABLE_ON_POST_UP_DOWN=false . Again, for testing purposes here, I have this set to ENABLE_ON_POST_UP_DOWN=false.

Usage:

To set the MAC address of wlan0 to 00:11:22:33:44:55, run the following commands:

sudo ifconfig wlan0 down
sudo macchanger --mac 00:11:22:33:44:55 wlan0
sudo service network-manager restart

Then, to show the current MAC address:

macchanger -s wlan0

For a list of options:

macchanger -h

Also, you may want to look into the "pretend to be a burned in address" -bia option.

Finally, I'm not sure how your IPV6 address will be impacted so that may be something you might want to pay attention to.

See also:

man macchanger

the GUI version: macchanger-gtk

and:

anonscm.debian.org/cgit/collab-maint/macchanger.git

github.com/alobbs/macchanger

www.gnu.org/software/macchanger


How to create a service on Ubuntu Upstart

Make sure you're on 14.04. Ubuntu 16.04 (and above) uses systemd, not Upstart.

A Upstart script is a script file placed at /etc/init/ and ending in .conf.

It requires 2 sections: one to indicate when to start, and another with the command to execute.

The easiest script to start with your sample is:

# myprogram.conf
start on filesystem
exec /usr/bin/java -jar /path_to/program

Created as root under /etc/init/myprogram.conf.

If your script requires more than one command line, use the script section instead of the exec line:

# myprogram.conf
start on filesystem
script
    /usr/bin/java -jar /path_to/program
    echo "Another command"
end script

To enable bash completion for your service, add a symlink into /etc/init.d folder:

sudo ln -s /etc/init/myprogram.conf /etc/init.d/myprogram

Then try start and stop it:

sudo service myprogram start

According the upstart cookbook, you can create pre-start/post-start and pre-stop/post-stop commands to be executed.

Additionally, I read you want to check if a process is running. Check this question and maybe use the pre-start section.


"initramfs" error on boot ONLY on Dell XPS 13 (boots fine on other computer)

Problem was indeed in the BIOS settings.

System Configuration --> SATA Operation
Changed RAID to AHCI.

Bingo.


how to browse to a local web site from my ubuntu desktop

Try adding an entry for mywebserver in your /etc/hosts file.

e.g. if your Windows Server has IP a.b.c.d try appending the following line in your /etc/hosts file

sudoedit /etc/hosts

Then enter the following, replacing a.b.c.d with the IP address and mywebserver with what you would like to use in the URL field.

a.b.c.d     mywebserver


You can use Grub Customizer or edit grub manually to disable grub menu from showing up and make Ubuntu default choice. That way you will no longer face a choice again and will directly boot to Ubuntu. I don't think you will want to really "remove" grub because you cannot boot Ubuntu without it.

If Ubuntu is the first choice in grub menu, while editing grub manually just changing GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 to GRUB_TIMEOUT=0 should be enough.

So,

start Terminal and type gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub
change timeout to 0 in opening text editor
type sudo update-grub

you should be done.

If Ubuntu is not appearing as first choice in your grub menu, you also need to change that.


Replace Realtek r8168 network card to enable wake-on-lan?

I found a solution, it works on my system (RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet + Ubuntu 12.04 AMD64). This bug report discribes the issue, and someone suggested that using the r8168 module instead of the r8169 module would do the trick. Also somewhere else I saw this can be done via dkms, but I'm in a rush this morning, so didn't get chance to look, this might help

wget http://r8168.googlecode.com/files/r8168-8.030.00.tar.bz2
tar xjf r8168-8.030.00.tar.bz2
cd r8168-8.030.00
./autorun.sh

Although I was doing this over ssh, it actually worked, the connection just locked for a while, but picked up again after the new module installed.


How can I compress multiple pairs of files into separate archives by name?

You could use a for loop in the parent directory of the directories that contain the files, for example

for f in */*; do
    zip "${f%.*}".zip "${f%.*}.data" "${f%.*}.aup"
    echo mv -v -- "${f%.*}".zip /media/user/folder/$(basename "${f/.*/.zip}")
done

remove echo after testing and run again to actually move the files (you would need to replace it with sudo in this case).


Cryptkeeper no longer recognizes the encfs folders on my portable drive

Noticed that the mount points appeared to be different between the old portable drive encfs folders on the cryptkeeper display, and the new encfs folder I had created as a test.

The old folders were simply shown as /media/name-of-drive/name-of-folder whereas the new mount point for the test folder was media/username/name-of-drive/name-of-folder

I went through the import process again, this time using ctrl-h to make the .encfs folders visible in the directory (should have remembered that before!). Selecting one of the old encfs folders resulted in a new, valid entry in the Cryptkeeper dropdown, which worked fine.

Now I'm wondering why this changed between the two Ubuntu versions, but regardless, I have my functioning encfs folders back again.


how to rename and move files according to directory names?

Assuming the filename of these files are thefilename, you've cded to the directory containing these directories, and you want to move them to /path/to/dest, the following shell loop should do the trick

for file in */thefilename; do
    echo mv -iv "./$file" "/path/to/dest/${file%/*}"
done

You can run that directly in an interactive shell, or put it in a file and run it as a script.

I added an echo to make it only print the mv commands. If the output looks correct, remove the echo and run it again to have it actually do the moving.


Your friend is wrong - Ubuntu can utilize all your hardware perfectly well.

If you want to play games, or do other video intensive tasks, you may  want to install Nvidia's driver's for your graphics card. See this question for details. (However, the open source drivers which ship with Ubuntu will probably be fine - meaning that Ubuntu will work well right away, out of the box, with no further set-up.)


Unable to get touchscreen to work on Lenovo Flex 3

ATML1000:00 03EB:8C3B is the name of the Touchscreen. For Linux version 4.2.0-35-generic you will find the syslog contains the following error:
     i2c_hid i2c-ATML1000:00: hid_descr_cmd failed

To use an older working version of linux then from the Boot GNU Grub menu select the Advanced options for Ubuntu. Then select the Ubuntu, Linux 4.2.0-27-generic. The command xinput to check the touchscreen is then recognised.


The problem is that you have ~ inside the quotes, thus it will not be interpreted by the shell as your home folder but literally.

Use

-f ~/.ssh/github-rsa_key

or if you need/want quotes for any reason:

-f ~/.ssh/'github-rsa_key'

Btw: you don't need to create the file first, ssh-keygen will take care of it.


As mentioned above, it's working for me with Remmina 1.2. The shared folder is available at \\tsclient\<SHARED_FOLDER_NAME> (in case it saves anyone any time looking for it).


I don't see a big problem with MBR installations.

You would overwrite the GRUB code in MBR with the one from Arch and load Arch's grub.cfg instead of Ubuntu's. Both ideally should be in /boot/grub/grub.cfg on their respective root partitions, so that every OS has it's own grub.cfg that it can maintain independently. To jump to the configuration of the other OS, you could include the following code (replace 848acb77-de99-4288-a62b-2bf9d7fbd643 and hd0,gpt2 with appropriate values for the other root filesystem) into /etc/grub.d/40_custom or what ever mechanism Arch uses and run the script responsible for updating grub.cfg (update-grub in Ubuntu):

menuentry 'Custom Title' {
    search.fs_uuid 848acb77-de99-4288-a62b-2bf9d7fbd643 root hd0,gpt2
    set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
    configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
}

Of course you shouldn't mix architectures like i386/ia32 with x64/amd64 or x64/amd64 with x64-efi/amd64-efi. Speaking of EFI, with EFI it's even simpler, as every bootloader should use it's own directory to not overwrite each other anymore.

On MBR installations you should make sure that only one system is able to update the MBR, see odfred's answer on how to do that. But it shouldn't be much of an issue when you can jump from one config to the other.


Yes, that's correct. Note that only root can run the shutdown command by default. So, if you have not done any tweaking with the permission of running the command just put the cron entry in the root user's cron (sudo crontab -e) or add the entry in /etc/crontab mentioning the user as root.

EDIT (Regarding Anacron): Absolutely bad idea. generally anacron is used while you want to run a command daily but you are not sure whether your computer will be On or Off. So lets say you have added an anacron entry to run a command. Then if the computer is On anacron checks and runs the command, if the computer was Off on that specified time the instant you turn On the computer next time anacron will run that command.

So, in a nutshell anacron is used while you are not sure your computer is gonna be On or Off. In your case you are shutting down the computer so if you put that to run by anacron your computer will be shut down by anacron if it was off and when you will turn it On after the specified time.

Your command

30 7 * * * root start -q anacron || : 30 17 * * * root /sbin/shutdown -h now

means that run 30 7 * * * root start -q anacron first, if that fails run 30 17 * * * root /sbin/shutdown -h now makes no sense i think. Just add the entry in crontab and that'll do the job.


X11: Invalid MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 keyError: Can't open display: :0 on Ubuntu 16.04

I fixed the problem. I added passwords to students with sudo passwd username
After that, I tried to get into user environment by using ssh username@ip, then I did who and saw the :0 or :1 as a display number. I used export DISPLAY=:0 or :1 then I ran xeyes command and HEYYYYYYY, IT WORKED! (Pardon my excitement)

I used this website.

It gave me a hint about what to do next.


ap-hotspot hangs at "starting wireless hotspot" on 14.04

Try to use this tutorial.

My guess is: you need to downgrade hostapd. It's told how to do it in that tutorial. However, I'll post the code here just in case.

Fot 64-bit:

cd /tmp
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/w/wpa/hostapd_1.0-3ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i hostapd*.deb
sudo apt-mark hold hostapd

For 32-bit:

cd /tmp
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/w/wpa/hostapd_1.0-3ubuntu2.1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i hostapd*.deb
sudo apt-mark hold hostapd


What is the default password of user and guest in Ubuntu 12.04

By default the password for any guest user is disabled. So you don't have to enter any password for guest.

Also, by default, Ubuntu doesn't have any user named "user", only if you created one with this name and only you should know the password for this account in this case. If you don't remember it, see: How do I reset a lost password (using recovery mode requires me to type the password)?


Disable public access to my apache2 server

Maybe is better to enable firewall?
UFW can allow access from host/network and deny for the rest of the world.

sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw allow from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/zz to any port 80 proto tcp

xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx - represent your local network, zz reprezent network mask

You can list rules with command

sudo ufw status

or

sudo ufw status numbered


Running jackd on startup / replacing PulseAudio

You can add it to your start-up applications but maybe that's not very good idea as not all audio applications support jack. To make things easier there exist programs for managing and starting jack, and I think that is recommended way to use it. At least untill you get familiar with jack, and don't need assistance

So instead just launching it on start-up you could install QjackCtl or Patchage, and start and control various aspects of jack


Why does Déjà Dup say there is no space left?

So there are three possible places where Deja Dup might be out of space, and I don't think its error message tells you which.  There is a bug filed about that.

You may have run out of space on the target partition (which it sounds like you didn't)
You may have run out of space in your home directory (~/.cache/deja-dup can get large)
You may have run out of space in /tmp


Sound/brightness controls not working after fresh OS intall, WIFI partially working

I have fixed the sound problem thanks to this post. Thanks a lot for this post!
Could anybody help me with issues number 2 and 3 now please?


How to remove Mate desktop from ubuntu 12.04

How to remove MATE from Ubuntu

If you want to remove MATE Desktop, you can use the following command:

sudo apt-get remove atril atril-common caja caja-common engrampa engrampa-common ffmpegthumbnailer-caja libcaja-extension libmarco libmate libmate-common libmatecanvas libmatecomponent libmatecomponentui libmateconf libmatecorba libmatedesktop libmatekbd libmatekeyring libmatemenu libmatenotify libmatepanelapplet libmatepolkit libmateui libmatevfs libmateweather libmateweather-common marco marco-common mate-applets mate-applets-common mate-backgrounds mate-conf mate-conf-common mate-control-center mate-corba mate-core mate-desktop mate-desktop-common mate-dialogs mate-icon-theme mate-keyring mate-media mate-menus mate-mime-data mate-panel mate-panel-common mate-polkit mate-power-manager mate-power-manager-common mate-screensaver mate-session-manager mate-settings-daemon mate-settings-daemon-common mate-settings-daemon-gstreamer mate-system-monitor mate-terminal mate-terminal-common mate-text-editor mate-themes mate-vfs mate-vfs-common mate-window-manager python-mate

If you've install the extra MATE packages (mate-desktop-environment), use the following command to remove them:

sudo apt-get remove libmatesensorsappletplugin mate-calc mate-desktop-environment mate-netspeed mate-sensors-applet mate-system-tools mate-utils mozo python-mate-menu system-tools-backends

Source


Dvd-Rom is missing how can i bring it back?

Open en close the DVD player with a DVD in it.

It will have you show the icon again. The DVD icon only show when you insert  a DVD and did not "unmount" it.


command line: start program by alacarte as sudo in folder/tree

You can take inspiration from the similar question here.

You can call the application in the .desktop file as:

# Exec= gksudo -k -u root <absolute path to your executable>
Exec= gksudo -k -u root /home/user/folder/program


After enabling ufw you need to explicitly enable incoming traffic or whatever. For example,
To allow incoming traffic via port 25 TCP, use:

sudo ufw allow 25/tcp

To see the current status, use:

sudo ufw status verbose

For more info: UFW - Basic Syntax and Examples

I recommend using Gufw which provides a user interface.


How to move from 10.04 32bit to 11.04 64bit?

There is a way to do it using apt and dpkg (there was a debian tutorial which can be adapted), but it's isn't worth it (it's mostly for very advanced users and there is a lot of risk involved).

If your /home/ is on another partition just reinstall the system and use home directory to keep all your settings. If it isn't - backup your settings and install 64bit version.

As for the programs you have. The combination of:

dpkg --get-selections > /backup/installed-software.log

and on your new system:

dpkg --set-selections < /backup/installed-software.log

(with a few minor modifications for 32bit libs) will do.

Is it worth it? Yes it is, not because it's faster, but because in a few years 32bit version will become outdated, deprecated and ultimately - abandoned. Let's face it - having 4-8 GB RAM isn't that much nowadays, I'm writing this using 16GB RAM computer, which wasn't all that expensive. Netbooks are suddenly capable of using 64bit distro and the market of 32bit-only intel/amd processors is shrinking.


Ubuntu apps open folders instead of documents?

Allthough this question is allready older I just had the same issue. Got it after upgrading Ubuntu 12.04 -> 12.10 and trying to remove the remains of xfce.
The problem is the "Open file" handler is linked to a non-existing program (in my case "exo-file-manager.desktop").

To fix it edit ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list and remove these lines (may or may not have a trailing semicolon):

x-scheme-handler/file=exo-file-manager.desktop
x-scheme-handler/trash=exo-file-manager.desktop


How to reinstall the default graphics drivers in terminal and without internet

The initial graphics driver is the open source xorg drivers included by default. Boot into recovery mode, then select to drop to a root shell. Execute mount -o remount,rw / then make sure you've fully removed fglrx with apt-get purge fglrx -y and rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf then reboot.

If you want to learn how to get access to wifi from a command line instead of a GUI, reference the following website: http://www.ghacks.net/2009/04/14/connect-to-a-wireless-network-via-command-line/


Ubuntu Software Updater: "Not all updates can be installed"

It looks like your source list is causing problems for upgrade. You need to clear apt cache and have official source list.
sudo apt clean && sudo apt autoclean

Backup all sources list files.
sudo cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
sudo cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ /etc/apt/sources.list.d_backup

Clear faulty sources.list and remove its files.
sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*

Create new sources.list
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Copy Following content and save the sources.list file for Ubuntu 14.04.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
#                            OFFICIAL UBUNTU REPOS                             #
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------#

###### Ubuntu Main Repos
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

###### Ubuntu Update Repos
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

Now run upgrade.
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade


I believe the file is too old to compile on Ubuntu 14.04. It won't compile on my system either. I notice that there are a number of files in your package named rtsx.something. There are several drivers called rtsx built in:

/lib/modules/3.13.0-32-generic/kernel/drivers/memstick/host/rtsx_pci_ms.ko
/lib/modules/3.13.0-32-generic/kernel/drivers/mfd/rtsx_pci.ko
/lib/modules/3.13.0-32-generic/kernel/drivers/mmc/host/rtsx_pci_sdmmc.ko

Are you certain that the driver you need isn't already present? What does this tell us about the device?

lspci -nn

I suggest you try:

sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/mcfloundinho/rts5229.git
cd rts5229
make clean
make
sudo make install
sudo depmod -a
sudo modprobe rts5229

It makes with one warning but no errors on my system.

Please edit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf to change this line:

#Wireless drivers conflicting with rt3562sta

To this, with a space:

# Wireless drivers conflicting with rt3562sta

Proofread, save and close the text editor.

You have compiled the driver for your currently running kernel only. When Update Manager installs a newer linux-image, after the requested reboot, re-compile:

cd rts5229
make clean
make
sudo make install
sudo depmod -a
sudo modprobe rts5229


Based on your screen capture, you appear to be trying to open a document from within octave. You are also mis-typing the command: it is xdg-open not xdg -open (which will be interpreted as a command xdg followed by an option or options -open).

The xdg-open command is usually run from a regular Linux shell rather than from inside octave. If that was your intention, then you can exit octave by typing

exit

at the octave> prompt, or by hitting Ctrl+D

If you really intended to open a document from within octave then you will need to execute it as a valid octave command by wrapping it in a system() call e.g.

system('xdg-open somedoc.odt')


Suspend hangs on 11.10 - need help debugging

before update the bios version i follow the instruction on tihs post: Suspend/hibernate doesn't work on an Asus laptop,  and it works!!!

p.s. to meke the script works i needed to modify /etc/default/grub :

      GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_osi=Linux"


lock screen asks for root password which I never set

ctrl+alt+F1 will drop you into a terminal where you can log in and restart X with:

sudo service lightdm restart

You could also just stop it with stop in place of restart.

Maybe a silly question but did you you try just pressing enter? Usually the root/admin password and the user password are the same, assuming the user is also an administrator and you haven't changed you password. I'm guessing since you are getting a lock screen, you are using a graphical user interface like gnome or unity. Make sure you are logged in as you and not as guest and that your account has admin privileges.


It does seem that the Mega option is a good option with the 50 gb free and most of all a nice and friendly Ubuntu client. Thanks for the suggestion.


Is there a (simple) replacement for SWAT?

Why not install swat? It's in the repositories just a sudo apt-get install swat away...

Pre-post-edit: I've just noticed that you're running an unsupported version of Ubuntu. Support for 9.04 ended late last year. You can see the support schedules here.

This might explain (I'm not sure if they actually shut the repos off) why you can't access the package. You should consider moving up to at least 10.04 (a Long-term Support version) and that'll get you support up to late-2015. For business deployments where you don't want to shift platform versions all the time, you should always consider LTS versions.

So the fix:

Update to a supported release
Install swat
Sit back and relax.

There's quite a bit of buy-in with that plan. You have to do two major upgrades to get to 10.04 and while I'd argue it's worth it for security (it is), there is a quicker, cheatier method: just grab the packages from a later release.

You can see and download the package available for Lucid here:

http://packages.ubuntu.com/lucid/swat

Once downloaded you just run:

sudo dpkg -i downloaded-package-name.deb

You might find you need to grab dependent packages too. Dpkg will inform you of missing dependencies.

This is not secure. This is sometimes dangerous. It might break Samba completely. Consider that a warning. Do things properly. Do an upgrade.


X does not start after removing parameters quiet splash

Interesting. Did you edit /etc/default/grub from GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=”quiet splash” to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=”” I have Ubuntu 12.04 with KDE 4.11 using backports and I removed the parameters. It starts correctly.


create an alias for `localhost:8080/` as `www.my-domain.com/`

You can add a /etc/hosts entry like the following:

127.0.0.2   my-domain.com

Make sure to use a lo address unused before.

Then you add an iptables rule to redirect the traffic incoming into 127.0.0.2:8080 to 127.0.0.1:80.

iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -d 127.0.0.2 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080


Complicated script involving command line and XFCE Terminal

Try this:

#!/bin/bash

cd "/Server/Gen2"

options=()
tab=""
for file in *; do
    [[ -d $file ]] && continue # not a file
    [[ ! -x "$file" ]] && continue # not executable
    options+=($tab --title="$file"  -e "bash -ic \"nice -n 3 ./$file ; bash\"" )
    tab="--tab"
done

xfce4-terminal "${options[@]}"

To allow renaming the title, follow this https://askubuntu.com/a/22417


I can't start my ubuntu 12.10 after instalation

I'll love to know these: Is the ubuntu OS working, as in booting for you to use? Do you mean for the first time when you switch your pc on (cold booting) it doesn't work, but only works after second and subsequent restarting?


Basic question on setting higher screen resolution

I'm having a similar problem with my AMD HD 7770, but have gotten at least so far in finding solutions, and figure this might help you a bit. The first, which does I'm afraid require the Terminal, can be found by following the instructions found here:
http://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/877
I would however do step 3 and 4 first, as in my experience they will undo progress made in steps 1 and 2, but don't require them to work. I have however found the X.Org driver to be useless for gaming on my machine. I don't know whether the case would be the same for you. The Terminal (which is the equivalent to the Command Prompt in Windows) should be very easy to find. Simply search for it in the Dash (accessed through the Ubuntu Button at the top-left).

The other option is to switch to the proprietary driver. This can be done going into Settings>Software and Updates>Additional Drivers. You'll probably need to restart for the changes to take effect. For me this has given a maximum resolution of 1600x1200, which I know isn't ideal, but is a step in the right direction I'm sure. In addition, games have worked well, so that's something. It does appear though that this won't work with the first fix for whatever reason. I've tried. If you were to do this fix, I think the big problem now would be a cap that can't be edited in Catalyst Control Centre, which is annoying, even when root.

I don't know how far this will get you, but I hope you can pull something from this if you haven't found a fix yet. :)


Warning about "Untrusted Software Launcher"

That .desktop file belongs to 'root' user. So, you may duplicate that file and simply click on the new file that you own. Then, "Trust and Launch".


USB Audio Input recording 3.3x too slow, playback 3.3x too fast, and garbled

Turns out Linux needs uniform packets in USB audio input.  It matters how many sound samples are in each packet.

In my application at 8000 Hz sampling, with the standard 1ms polling intervals of USB "full speed", that averages 8 samples per packet.  Due to a quirk I was sending my samples bunched up, 32 audio samples in one packet, then 0, 0, 0, 32, 0, 0, 0, 32, ....  Nothing wrong with that bandwidth-wise, there's plenty of room.  Windows processes fine, but Linux chokes.

When I sent the samples evenly:  8, 8, 8, 8, ... the audio got through fine.  I am guessing something at a low level in the USB audio drivers in Linux is making wrong assumptions.  But my workaround is clear.


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Freeze but can move mouse Help!

It sounds like a GPU hang. Your system may not be properly halting display services when sleep activates and that would result in a paused display. Ensure your drivers are up to date, and if possible, check for any listed bugs with that particular software revision. I think ctrl+alt+bckspc restarts the display+session manager, but I'm not sure what's different between Wayland and Xorg. Rebooting is my only temporary solution.


Entries in cron.hourly are run by the run-parts mechanism (man run-parts for more info).  And run-parts is choosy about what filenames it considers valid.

For example, giving your script an extension will make it invalid and result in the job not being run. [a-zA-Z0-9_-] are the valid characters, so the '.' makes it invalid.

When adding a job to /etc/cron.hourly ( or .daily, .weekly, etc), always test afterwards that run-parts will actually run it by issuing the command:

run-parts --test /etc/cron.hourly

If by running this command it shows your file it means it worked. Otherwise, if doesn't show anything your file name is not valid.

What was the name of your script?


To restore the default Windows 10 bootloader, do this:

Log into Win 10
Open "Command Prompt" as Administrator
Type bootsect /nt60 <drive name>: /mbr

Note that <drive name> is the drive letter where the Master Boot Record (MBR) will be updated. For example to update the master boot record on C:, this is the command:
bootsect /nt60 c: /mbr

For more information about bootsect command, Microsoft has you covered


Unable to boot 12.04 due to segmentation fault

try  this one : use "xinit" command or "resume",it might help. after that do a fsck (file system check).


How to rename or change the names of the network interface cards given by the hardware abstraction layer? (Ubuntu 14.04.3)

Here's what happened: when you did the original setup on System A, your machine reserved the names eth0 and wlan0 for the particular devices you had in that machine.

When you moved to System B, the new network devices were found, and (as you mention) renamed to not conflict with those earlier definitions of eth0 and wlan0.

That original mapping of names is kept in:

/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

If you delete that file, your next boot will start up with no "reserved" names for those network devices in System A, and you'll get eth0 and wlan0 back.

If they're discovered in a different order (say, if you had two ethX devices in System B, and you expect them in a different order), you can edit the NAME= defintions in that file to suit your own naming requirements.


remove packages with error on apt-get update

I've scoured forums for a resolution to this. I had purged, removed, uninstalled, and scraped my system for hours until I finally found it with a simple grep command >.<

The error that prompted my search:

W: GPG error: https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu bionic InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 76F1A20FF987672F
E: The repository 'https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu bionic InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details

As a newbie it took me a while to figure out a simple grep search:

/etc/apt$ grep -ir "wine"

which output:

sources.list.d/additional-repositories.list:deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ bionic main

So, after all the hunting and scraping all I had to do was:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/additional-repositories.list

... and add a "#" at the beginning of the only line in the file (I suppose I could've deleted it entirely) to comment out the "dl.winehq..." from trying to update when I run sudo apt-get update

Hope that helps!


Here are the instructions for installing Panda3D on ubuntu

http://www.panda3d.org/download.php?platform=ubuntu&version=1.0.4&runtime

Or alternative on the cli:

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

Add the following line:

deb http://archive.panda3d.org/ubuntu xenial main

Run:

apt-get update
apt-get install panda3d-runtime


Is there a hotkey to switch between tabs in Caja?

Try ctrl + page_down / page_up.

Works for me in Caja 1.12.7, ubuntu mate 16.04.2


Try to manually install the missing plugins, open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+t) and type:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-libav

This is a collection of plugins for GStreamer, the multimedia framework used by the default player in Ubuntu.


wifi on ubuntu works slower than wifi on windows for my laptop

From a bug report a couple years ago https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1319630

I would recommend
echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=8" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/iwlopt.conf
Then reboot, this option enables aggressive TX


How can I save lines from terminal to a text file?

To capture script output to a file, use:

script.sh >file.txt

To remove comments (lines starting with #) but leave the blank in their place, use:

script.sh | sed 's/^#.*//' >file.txt

To do all of the above while also displaying the information on the terminal, use:

script.sh | sed 's/^#.*//' | tee file.txt

Explanation

> is the shell's symbol for redirection.  It tells the shell to take whatever was going to stdout and redirect to the named file instead.
sed is a line-by-line editing utility.  Here we use the sed substitute command which looks like s/old/new/ where old is any regular expression.  In our case, old is ^#.* where ^ matches at the beginning of a line, # matches the hash symbol, and .* is a wildcard to match anything that follows.  In our case, new is empty.  Thus,  sed 's/^#.*//' replaces lines that begin with # with a blank line.
tee is a utility used to make a copy of stdout.   tee file.txt will take whatever it finds on stdin and (a) save it to file file.txt while at the same time (b) send it to stdout.  If want to append to file.txt instead of overwrite it, we can use tee -a file.txt where the -a option tells tee to append.

Refinements

Adding text from another .txt file at the start of this file.txt

To place the contents of first.txt at the start of file.txt:

{ cat first.txt; script.sh; } >file.txt

Copy only lines starting with http://

For selecting lines according to some pattern without modifying them, grep is the right tool:

script.sh | grep '^http' >file.txt

Copying from first line with http://*

sed allows one to select a range of lines.  Here, we use the range /^http/,$ where /^http/ is the first line encountered that starts with http and $ is sed's symbol for the last line in the input.  p tells sed to print lines that match that range:

script.sh | sed -n '/^http/,$ p'

Combine Adding text from another file and copying from first line with http://*

{ cat first.txt; script.sh; } | sed -n '/^http/,$ p' >file.txt

Add a blank line after every line starting with http

Here we use sed again.  When we find a line that starts with http, we add a newline \n to the end of that line:

script.sh | sed  's/^http.*/&\n/'


This touchpad supports both PS/2 and I2C modes. So both IDs are related to the touchpad.

If the system is configured correctly, I2C should be in use. But in some cases it needs configuration.

The easiest way to check is to run xinput disable 11 and xinput disable 13 the command that disables the touchpad will show you the correct ID.


Screen flickering on certain apps in Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS

For anyone else looking, I managed to solve this by updating my kernel - this is a good article on how to do so easily.
Note that for the problem to be solved you'll need to restart afterwards to boot into the new kernel.


i find it interesting and weird that on the node i can log into the database systemctl status mysqlreturns not running while on the node i can't log in the database the same command returns running

appearantly this is because the mysql server is suppose to be started by heartbeat/pacemaker/corosync as such it shouldn't report it as running at all

  i am able to log into the database on the first node but when failover occurs i cannot log into the database on the second node instead i get the error #2002 - No such file or directoryThe server is not responding (or the local server's socket is not correctly configured).

appearantly this was because after failover it was not considered "localhost" so that when this check happened

if (empty($dbserver)) $dbserver = 'localhost';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = $dbserver;

    if (!empty($dbport) || $dbserver != 'localhost') {
        $cfg['Servers'][$i]['connect_type'] = 'tcp';
        $cfg['Servers'][$i]['port'] = $dbport;
    }

it was trying to connect via tcp this was solved by replacing "tcp" with "socket"


I solved this issue thanks to @sudodus.
For others with the same problem, while booting Ubuntu 18.04 press F6.
A menu will appear with different options, pressing F6 and e you could edit the boot options, just add nomodeset before quiet splash and press enter.

Once installed you can install proprietary drivers to use the dedicated graphic card.


Ubuntu 20.04 - Can’t log in after upgrade

Weird. Same problem, but Ctrl+Alt+F4 changed it to my logged-in desktop


Dell Latitude E7450: repeating keystrokes issue

This was resolved in the latest bios update A04;  See release notes here:  http://www.dell.com/support/home/us/en/04/Drivers/DriversDetails?driverId=MWPFJ


Ok this worked for me.

Use terminal to open:

sudo gedit nano /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

Then paste the following line at the end of the file:

options snd-hda-intel model=acer
sudo alsa force-reload

For more information check https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HdaIntelSoundHowto


Is any one using Aptana Studio with Ubuntu 12.04?

Install eclipse from repository and add the plug-in.  That approach has worked fine here.  Recently there have been lots of issues with odd Java stuff in 12.04.

Tested working in 12.04 and 12.04.1

See also: Aptana unable to find java
Those are the steps that have worked for me in the passed and still do.


R.S was right! ] - was actually shortcut for maximize window so I disabled it!

I've never tried it while having non maximized window plus the key worked when searching for something.


Ubntu 18.04 trackpoint feels weird and squishy

You must install the synaptics mouse driver.


How can I structure jq filters to return video and audio codec information from ffprobe?

To select both audio and  video codec types and exclude h264 video:

$ jq '.format.filename as $path |
    [.streams[]? | select(.codec_type=="audio"
                          or (.codec_type=="video"
                              and .codec_name!="h264")) |
     {(.codec_type): .codec_name, $path}] |
    group_by(.path) | map(add) | .[]' input.json
$ jq --version
jq-1.5-1-a5b5cbe

If a shell command becomes complex and it takes more than a few lines;
I switch to more verbose Python to manage the complexity:

result = dict(path=data['format']['filename'])
for stream in data['streams']:
    if (stream['codec_type'] == 'audio'
        or (stream['codec_type'] == 'video'
            and stream['codec_name'] != 'h264')):
        result[stream['codec_type']] = stream['codec_name'] # last value wins

data is the input (data = json.loads(json_text)) and result is the desired output (print(json.dumps(result))).

It should be relatively straightforward to adapt the above code for your particular case if you are more familiar with an imperative programming in Python than with a more functional style in jq.


Late to answer but one way to find out if wine is at fault or the app is at fault is just starting wine itself without an argument... so this command should open a Microsoft Windows dos box/debugger box.

wine start

If the app fail beyond that, you're on your own.


How can I use avconv to convert multiple files in the terminal?

Try this:

for i in *.mp4; do avconv -i "$i" -vcodec copy -ac 2 -strict experimental "out-$i"; done


Can't use my new Logitech K750 when booting (GRUB) in Ubuntu 11.04

Sometimes we need to make appropriate BIOS settings to enable support for an USB keyboard.

Search for something like

  USB Device Legacy Support

to enable this option.

Note: you may eventually need an old PS/2 keyboard to be able to browse the BIOS settings.


Intel desktop mothermoard with integrated graphic. Showing LVDS n VGA, that i cant configure

I am not sure if I understood what you have tried correctly, but this is the kind of line you are probably looking for....

xrandr --output LVDS1 --off --output VGA1 --mode 1280x1024


Open Startup Applications from dash. Click on Add.

Give the Name of your choice. In command box type firefox www.ubuntu.com and click Add.
Replace firefox by your preferred browser and ubuntu.com by your preferred website.


How can I replace Rhythmbox with Banshee?

Installing Banshee

To install Banshee, do one of the following, click on this button:

or if you want to run in Terminal: sudo apt-get install banshee

Uninstalling Rhythmnbox

This step is optional, however follow if you like.

Run in Terminal: sudo apt-get remove rhythmbox

Making Banshee your Default Media Player

Open the application Details (You can find it by searching in the Unity dash)
Click on Default Applications
Under Music, click the dropdown menu to select Banshee
Close the application, it saves automatically.

Setting up Ubuntu One integration

You don't need to do anything because Ubuntu One uses the Music folder in your Home Directory (~/Music) for synchronisation as far as I know.


Awful beep on boot after installing Ubuntu in a Macbook

I was able to get a VGA adapter, install Mavericks and manually flash the EFI firmware following this thread. The steps are intended for Macbook 5,1 but the workaround is identical for 5,2. Fortunately the beeping sound is gone after flashing the firmware.

Ubuntu 11.04 was responsible for this since it replaced the EFI loader with its own version. The beep came from both speakers, a monotone sound with no variations and takes about 4 seconds.


See this link and links from it for details about booting from USB,

Installation/FromUSBStick#Booting_the_Computer_from_USB

-o-

There are tools for installing an iso file into a USB drive in order to make it a USB boot drive with Ubuntu. But you should not have any other file on it, at least not when you make it a USB boot drive. So please copy the file(s) from the drive to some other drive, using another computer, if you have no working computer now.

Cloned live-only system

Do you intend to use this USB drive only during a short period of time in order to install Xubuntu into your computer? In this case I suggest that you make a simple cloned system. It is read-only and the drive cannot be used for anything else, but can be restored to a storage device afterwards.

In Ubuntu ('family' systems including Xubuntu) version 16.04 LTS and newer you can use the Ubuntu Startup Disk Creator alias usb-creator-gtk. In older Ubuntu versions you can use Disks alias gnome-disks or mkusb. mkusb can also restore the pendrive to a storage device afterwards, via the wipe menu.

In Windows you can use Win32 Disk Imager for the same purpose.

Persistent live system

If you wish to have a USB boot drive, that you want to tweak, and also use to store and transfer files, you can create a persistent live drive. mkusb can create such a drive too. See this link: mkusb/persistent


Problem with the AMD drivers in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

Working with ATI drivers is an art more than a science. I can't help you with your specific issue but in my opinion the best source of info is the Unofficial ATI wiki. There you will find not only specific Ubuntu-related info, it is also organised according to distribution and includes Precise Pangolin specific info here. While it might initially seem like a lot  of information, it's worth taking to understand how you need to interact with these drivers in order to get the most satisfying settings for your PC.


Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS - Firefox 80.0.1 error "Profile Missing" - "Your Firefox profile cannot be loaded. it may be missing or inaccessible"

Try this:
Click the Places menu  and select Home Folder.
A File Browser window will appear.
Click the View menu and select Show Hidden Files if it isn't already checked.
Double click the folder marked .mozilla.
Double click the folder marked firefox.
Delete the profiles.ini file.
When you start Firefox, a new profile will be created.


Just press Alt R+4 like in below image:

See also this answer.

Note: You need to change your keyboard setting to English (India, with rupee sign) as default for this to work.


By default, for bash, the command history are stored in ~/.bash_history file.

As an alternative you can do this:

#!/bin/bash
date >> ~/myhistory.log
cat ~/.bash_history >> ~/myhistory.log
echo -n "" > ~/.bash_history

This will append to ~/myhistory.log (if the file is already there, else create a new file and write to it) the date when the script was run, dump your history, and clear the ~/.bash_history file.


Connecting two physical computer's monitors together

I think the closest you can get is controlling both computers with the same physical keyboard and mouse. You can move your cursor between the different computers as if they were one, but I don't know about the file transfer. There is a rather useful program called Synergy that lets you do what I described above. You can get it for free and it works, but the set up is a bit complicated, and it doesn't work well with dual monitors (on one computer). If you want to check it out, here are some links, one to the site, and the other to the download. If you need any help, feel free to comment.

Main website

Download(64-bit)

Sorry for the slightly short answer. If you need more detail, just tell me.


copy content of folder to multiple sub folders

Use find:

find opt/application/tenant -type d -name "random_*" \
  -exec cp -pri opt/application/tenant_template/* {}/ \;

Alternatively, use a for-loop:

for t in opt/application/tenant/random_*; do
    cp -pri opt/application/tenant_template/* "$t"
done

--> cp options:

-p preserve permissions and timestamps
-r recursive
-i interactive (ask before overwrite)


Custom shortcut Ctrl + Shift + Esc doesn't fire the event

For some reason there is a problem using Esc key within Custom shortcuts. Here is the same (unanswered) question: Ubuntu 16.04 escape key doesn't work in custom keyboard shortcut. I found also this question: Keyboard shortcut Shift + Ctrl + Escape does not work, where in the comments @Cas says: I have opened a bug report: #1350527.

Мy suggestion is to use another key combination, for example Ctrl+Alt+Z, and command to be executed: gnome-system-monitor.


ValleyView Gen7 display does not work on Ubuntu 12.04.5

You ran a wrong command for no reason.

You can try to fix it by running

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-lts-trusty libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-trusty

For more details see HWE Stack


Configure what font is chosen when CSS says "font-family: Arial"

WhatFont is a Chrome extension that will tell you specifically which font in the font stack is being loaded.


Join two network interfaces using the same port

Specifically for the service you're discussing here listening on port 8080, it speaks HTTP.  Further, it's only running on 10.0.0.1:8088.

We can configure nginx, which is a web server software, to work on the IP and port binding of 172.0.0.1:8088.

First, install nginx:  sudo apt-get install nginx

Once installed, shut down the NGINX service by running: sudo systemctl stop nginx or sudo service nginx stop.

Remove the default configuration file from NGINX's startup config:

sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

Create a configuration file at /etc/nginx/sites-available named "8088_reverse_proxy" or whatever name you want to give this configuration file, so you know what it does.  Once you've created the file, put the following text into the configuration file:

server {
    listen 172.0.0.1:8088;

    server_name 172.0.0.1;

    location / {
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_pass http://10.0.0.1:8088;
        proxy_intercept_errors on;
    }
}

Save the file once you've entered this.

Then, make a symlink to this configuration file in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled:

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/[FILENAME] /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

... making sure to replace [FILENAME] with the exact filename you chose for the configuration file.

Then, start the nginx service once this is done with either sudo service nginx start or sudo systemctl start nginx.

You should then, from any other computer on the 172.0.0.X subnet, or anywhere if this is an Internet address, be able to access the service on 172.0.0.1:8088 by typing http://172.0.0.1:8088 into the address bar for the other system.


Is apt dist-upgrade not necessary anymore

apt-get upgrade vs apt upgrade vs apt full-upgrade
apt-get upgrade only upgrades the apps, tools, and utilities. It does not install new Linux kernel of the OS.
apt upgrade upgrades the apps, tools, and utilities and installs new Linux kernel of the OS. However, it never removes old packages.
apt full-upgrade upgrades the apps, tools, and utilities and installs new Linux kernel of the OS. It also removes old packages if needed for the upgrade.
It looks to me apt full-upgrade does the same thing as apt-get dist-upgrade. That is to say the full-upgrade will check for and install a new kernel if available and removes old packages if the removal is necessary for the upgrade.
kernels are the fundamental part of the OS. For this reason the the old version of the kernel is never replaced by the new version when you run apt upgrade or apt full-upgrade. The new version of kernel is installed and the existing version is kept as is. The configuration in the grub is changed to boot from the new version by default during the upgrade process. If the new kernel does not work for some reason one can boot from the old kernel from the advanced grub menu.
Note, apt full-upgrade does not remove older versions of kernels as it installs the newest version. To remove these one must use apt autoremove.
Why change the name from dist-upgrade to full-upgrade?

If you use apt-get then you need to use dist-upgrade
If you use apt then you need to use full-upgrade

I think the dist-upgrade was a bit confusing. For example, this does not upgrade from Ubuntu 16.04 to Ubuntu 18.04. It only upgrade the kernel, and other stuff, within Ubuntu 16.04.
I think full-upgrade is more intuitive than dist-upgrade.
See What is "dist-upgrade" and why does it upgrade more than "upgrade"? for more details.
Full disclosure: I am just an user of Ubuntu I didn't make the decision to change it. These are my personal views.
Hope this helps


Hard drive dying - Reinstall Windows after Ubuntu

Your plan sounds good to me. If your MBR is installed on sda then you are right in assuming that you won't be able to boot into Ubuntu easily.

Point 7 will be the one that you will want to look at boot repair.

Your other option could also be to clone your dying drive. If you can temporarily replace your SSD with your new hard drive (or use a USB to SATA connector), you could use dd to copy over the information from your old hard drive. This would save you the reinstallation of Windows, your programs, your data and your MBR.

You can do that by having both your old hard drive and your new hard drive connected to your computer.
Then you start up the computer with a Live CD (or USB).
Use dd to copy your old drive: sudo dd if=/dev/sdX of=/dev/sdY bs=16M

You will need to replace /dev/sdX with the drive letter of your old drive, and /dev/sdY with your new drive.

You can find out the drive letters with sudo fdisk -l .
Your new drive will be the disk with no partition information.

It will take a couple hours to copy it, and you won't see any progress updates during that time. If you want a more verbose solution that will even try to copy bad blocks of data, you can use the excellent 'ddrescue' program as well.

To use ddrescue, you will need to enable all repositories in the LiveCD, do a apt-get update and then install it (sudo apt-get install gddrescue). The command is a bit different too: sudo ddrescue /dev/sdX /dev/sdY

Hope this helps. Let me know if you need more information.


After upgrade interface is gone and terminal won't activate

Reinstall ubuntu-desktop and unity from a virtual console.

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop unity

That should fix it. Sometimes corrupt packages come through so you should reinstall them.


Use the top command. From within top, press O (that's shift + the letter o), then n, then press Enter - it will now be sorted by memory usage


`xset m` value keeps reverting during PC use

Found a stupid mistake regarding this issue.

I noticed that the mouse acceleration was reverted each and every time I opened a new tmux split in my terminal. I figured I'd check through stuff that is loaded on all new terminal sessions and found a random xset m 2/3 0 line inside my .bashrc file.

So the solution to this was to get rid of that line. I've been running for about an hour now with my sensitivity sticking correctly to xset m 0.

I feel like a real idiot right about now. :D


Thank you for those who answered and sorry for the trouble. I actually found out the answer to my problem. It turns out that I actually installed XDM which replaced GDM thinking that this XDM is the download manager. I fixed my problem by switching back to GDM. Again Sorry for the trouble and thank you for those who answered


i have a HP 250 G2 too with Intel HD Graphics 4000. I don´t have any problem with graphics when i install Ubuntu 14.04. I recommend you to install this driver on your first start of ubuntu.

https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads

Bye.


" corrupted filesystem tarfile - corrupted package archive" while processing a deb package

This is normally due to an incomplete download or some sort of manipulation of the deb file without the proper tools. Removing the package and trying again would solve the issue:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get install -f


Can't login to Ubuntu 14.04 after upgrade

What worked for the original poster was: recursively correcting the permissions of their home directory.

sudo chmod -R ug+rwx /home/[username]

To be more specific, the problem is with the .Xauthority in your home folder. You simply need to change its permissions to yourself or, as it was in my case, it was owned by root, so I needed to change the owner to my user. This way you don't need to change the permissions for every file in your home folder.


Is there a libpng12 library for 18.04 LTS arm64?

Per Ubuntu package logs for libpng and libpng12 packages publishing history:

Removed from disk on 2016-07-08.
Removal requested on 2016-07-08.
Deleted on 2016-07-08 by [redacted] RoQA; superseded by libpng1.6;
Debian bug #822318; LP: #1595485
Published on 2016-04-26

This is superseded by libpng1.6 packages - however I don't believe that they provide libpng12.so.0.
If this is needed by a program you use, whatever SDK you're using needs to be updated to use a newer libpng library, namely libpng1.6 and its packages.
libpng12 does not exist in Bionic, and was last made available in Xenial Xerus 16.04 (as it was removed in Yakkety 16.10).


Broadband modem fails to get connected in Ubuntu 12.10.

Yes I've had the same problem with two other devices after update 12.10 (worked fine with 12.04).
My Solution downgrade modem-manager (to deb of 12.04)

download deb:
http://launchpadlibrarian.net/98148171/modemmanager_0.5.2.0-0ubuntu2_i386.deb
from (https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/precise/i386/modemmanager/0.5.2.0-0ubuntu2)

and the install the old version:

sudo dpkg -i modemmanager_0.5.2.0-0ubuntu2_i386.deb

to prevent update to version 0.6.x lock the version in synaptic.
After downgrade I got the question for PIN immediately.

NOTE: Give ubuntu a change to repair, so keep in touch of update of 0.6.x version ;-)


Just found the documentation on this: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/saucy/man5/user-dirs.dirs.5.html

Looks like that's the final list.


After reboot, nothing shows up: Ubuntu installation

You can try pressing ctrl-alt-4 on your keyboard. Then manually login, load lightdm by typing "lightdm". If all else fails delete the Ubuntu partition and re-install, or you could check what graphics card you have and try to install the driver.


This question was answered in a comment

  When you safely remove the drive, you don't merely unmount it, you close the usb connection with the device. Hence, there is no usb connection left with the device to initiate a new mount. By physically replugging the cable, you establish a new connection, and it can thus be mounted once again.


index.html or index.php is the starting file of your web page.. (example.com usually is the same as example.com/index.php or .html) If you don't have none of these files create one and start inserting your lines of html (...)


Install packages from newer release without building (apt pinning)

You would be much better off exploring apt pinning, see man apt_preferences.

Let's assume you're on Oneiric and you want to get those packages from Precise.

If you read the man you'll see that I copy/pasted the relevant sections and just modified the release name

/etc/apt/preferences:

Package: libccid
Pin: release n=precise
Pin-Priority: 990

Package: libpcsclite*
Pin: release n=precise
Pin-Priority: 990

Package: libusb*
Pin: release n=precise
Pin-Priority: 990

Package: opensc
Pin: release n=precise
Pin-Priority: 990

Package: pcscd
Pin: release n=precise
Pin-Priority: 990

Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Ubuntu-originated
Explanation: package versions other than those in the oneiric release
Package: *
Pin: release n=oneiric
Pin-Priority: 900

Package: *
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: -10

Then, I copied my /etc/apt/sources.list to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/precise.list and replaced all occurrences of oneiric with precise. Then ran apt-get update and
finally apt-get upgrade.

$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libpcsclite1 libusb-0.1-4 libusb-1.0-0 libusbmuxd1
4 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 86.0 kB of archives.
After this operation, 88.1 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main libusb-0.1-4 amd64 2:0.1.12-20 [17.6 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main libusb-1.0-0 amd64 2:1.0.9~rc3-2 [30.9 kB]
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main libpcsclite1 amd64 1.7.4-2ubuntu1 [23.5 kB]
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main libusbmuxd1 amd64 1.0.7-2 [14.1 kB]
 Fetched 86.0 kB in 0s (124 kB/s)

For some reason, pcscd  and opensc didn't get installed, probably because it wasn't installed to begin with so there was nothing to upgrade, no big deal, I can install exactly that version using precise as the reference like this.

apt-get install opensc pcscd -t precise

Take note of the use of -t, packagename/precise would also work.

and there are the packages you want, from the latest release, and only those packages,
they will also be updated automatically. If you don't want them anymore, just delete the entries from /etc/apt/preferences and the next time you run apt-get upgrade they'll be removed. Should you remove the entire prefs file be sure to delete that precise.list sources file as well our your system will try to update to the latest set of packages. Also if you decide to dist-upgrade later, you'll need to remove the entire prefs file and it would probably be a good idea to remove the other sources.list less the upgrade will find, thanks to the higher priority, that there are no packages to update.

Apt pinning isn't that hard, you just need to dig in a little and experiment. All the verbs for n= etc are found by examining apt-cache policy.

This is why seasoned admins rant and rave about apt vs yum. You can concisely update services and keep them up-to-date in a clean, deterministic, and maintainable manner.

No more compiling packages either.

I strongly suggest you read the entire man page and get comfortable with the concept and read other guides on apt pinning before continuing with this proposal. Good luck and have fun!

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PinningHowto


Ubuntu 16.04 switching workspace left to right does not work

Install CompizConfig Setting manager

apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Go into General Options and into the Desktop Size tab. There you can set the horizontal and vertical size.


How to Start Persistent Ubuntu 16.04 in Macbook?

Here you go.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQIaDO9nR6Y

I've seen plenty of positive comments, so I think that video should work!


Two ideas:

Experiment with a different cipher
Use 'on the fly' compression

1. Experiment with a different cipher:

One idea is to test the various ciphers which are available through scp and try to determine which is the fastest for you. (The idea behind this is that it is the encryption of your data that is taking up the time.) Find the available ciphers by running the following:

andrew@athens:~$ ssh -Q cipher
3des-cbc
blowfish-cbc
cast128-cbc
arcfour
arcfour128
arcfour256
aes128-cbc
aes192-cbc
aes256-cbc
rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se
aes128-ctr
aes192-ctr
aes256-ctr
aes128-gcm@openssh.com
aes256-gcm@openssh.com
chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com
andrew@athens:~$

This shows available ciphers on a default Xenial Xerus installation and can be added in using the syntax you have already suggested:

scp -c <cipher> [FILE] [USER]@[ADDRESS]:[PATH]

This option is passed directly to ssh hence testing ssh itself for the available ciphers. Hopefully you can find a cipher that will allow an increase in your transfer speed, when you have found this cipher you can place it in ~/.ssh/config rather than typing it in each time...

2. Use 'on the fly' compression:

scp is able to compress your transfers 'on the fly' meaning that the compressions is only used during transfer and will not be seen at either the host or remote ends. Add this in using the -C option:

scp -c <cipher> -C [FILE] [USER]@[ADDRESS]:[PATH]

Here is an example on my own system:

debug1: compress outgoing: raw data 365865, compressed 150118, factor 0.41
debug1: compress incoming: raw data 150118, compressed 365865, factor 2.44

The compression level is the same as the one used for gzip and if you really wish to experiment you can use the 'CompressionLevel' option which varies from 1-9, 1 being the fastest compression, 9 being the slowest with best compression and 6 being the default. This can be set in ~/.ssh/configas follows:

Host *
Compression yes
CompressionLevel 9

Bear in mind that this sets high compression for all scp / ssh transfers, it can be set for individual hosts if you wish...

Use the -v option to investigate the effects of any changes you make. You will note with experimentation that different data will have different compression ratios.


Xubuntu 18.04 does not resume from suspend to RAM, can not boot afterwards

Your "resume" file needs to contain the UUID of the partition you are using for resuming - it will not exist, if no swap partition has been set or activated.
Lately some distros started using swap files instead of swap partitions.
In this case the GRUB bootloader has to know where to look when resuming.
So you need to find out

if your swap partition is enabled (swapon -s)
or if you are using a swapfile

See here

How do I find out if I have a swap partition on my hard drive?
Hibernate and resume from a swap file for more infos on swap files.

But nonetheless I've never succeeded in resuming from hibernate with a nvidia driver. Neither on a laptop or a workstation. Whereas suspend and resuming from it should work.


I think the HID_MAX_USAGES is so "small" cause a HID-device report descriptor in cases where the hid-devices report the right size, the size is way smaller, and in that case it's descriptor won't exceed the hard coded HID_MAX_USAGES limit.

When you get the issue of your keyboard or mice not working, and after a recompile of the kernel with the increased HID_MAX_USES your device start working. Is that most likely because the lower limit would reject parsing the reported descriptor.

After reading and googling some did I inspect some Linux drivers that seemed to override what the device reported itself. Eg. if the device reported it had 2^15 the driver could override it to the maximum allowed by the HID_MAX_USAGES, or with the device usages actually size.

So short summed, basically what happens, the hid-device report descriptor specifies an excessively large number of consumer usages (eg. 2^15 ), which is more than HID_MAX_USAGES. This prevents proper parsing of the reported descriptor and most likely the device or parts of it won't work.

I have been using the dirty hack of increment the HID_MAX_USAGES myself in a production environment. How dirty it is have I asked with no good answers. But with my knowledge I can see that the hack leaves a bigger memory-footprint, I have not looked into if it might be able to slightly hurt performance a bit. I could not see the hack pose any security risk. (Please correct me if I am wrong.)

I believe incrementing the HID_MAX_USAGES in a bug-report is out of the question for any mainline kernel, it is no optimal solution. Rater I would suggest you to submit a detailed bug-report about your hid- keyboard\mice not working.  You can also buzz the manufacture of your product to add proper support in a driver.

Extended (source):

On Tue, 21 May 2013, Christian Ohm wrote:

> Is there any reason why HID_MAX_USAGES shouldn't be more than 12288?

Well, the reasoning is a mixture of current implementation, and
reasonability.

- we currently have statically allocated arrays on a per-parser basis, for
  parsing usages and collection indices. If the number of max usages is
  going to grow in an uncontrolled manner, we'll have to change the way
  our parser works (which is not impossible, of course).

- most of the ocurences of huge max usages being presented by the devices
  have actually turned out to be bogus and could have been fixed by
  patching the report descriptor in order to reflect the real behavior of
  the device

Thanks,

--
Jiri Kosina
SUSE Labs

The above snippet is from the hid subsystem kernel mantainer.


Cannot upgrade Ubuntu to 20.04 because of Adobe

As Ray pointed out in a comment, Flash became end of life at the year end. It looks like you should uninstall all the Flash related stuff before upgrading. I'm thinking of these packages in the Ubuntu archive:
adobe-flashplugin
flashplugin-installer
pepperflashplugin-nonfree
browser-plugin-freshplayer-pepperflash

If you have some repository provided by Adobe enabled, you should disable that from your apt sources.
If you installed Flash some other way but through .deb package(s), e.g. directly from the Adobe site, you should know best yourself which files to remove.


What is the purpose of the ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

The ssl-snakeoil.key is a key created by ssl-cert package post-install scripts. It's created for the snakeoil user and should not be deleted:

grep '#' /var/lib/dpkg/info/ssl-cert.postinst
#!/bin/sh -e
# Create the ssl-cert system group for snakeoil ownership:
# Check if the generated snakeoil key/cert has been generated
# from a vulnerable openssl version and replace it if necessary.
    # check if the cert and key file exist,
    # the issuer and subject are the same (self signed cert)
    # and the private key is vulnerable
# no need to perform any check. If the certificates are there
# it will exit 0.
# allow group ssl-cert to access /etc/ssl/private
# If we're upgrading from an older version, fix the unreadable key:

Now, what's the ssl-cert package:

  This package enables unattended installs of packages that
   need to create SSL certificates.

  It is a simple wrapper for OpenSSL's certificate request utility that
   feeds it with the correct user variables.

So it is a certificate used to install packages that need to create SSL certificates, so the system generates one on the fly with the installation of this package.

As a side note, this package is not exclusive to Ubuntu, since it also appears in Debian.


Actually base 60 time is well suited to real-world usage. It can be easily divided by 12, 10, 6, 5, 4, 3, and 2.

Whereas a day of 24 hours is 2/5 of 60, and can be divided by 12, 6, 4, 3, and 2. This gives day/night, morning/afternoon, 3 eight-hour shifts (the watch periods) - all of which are now etched into our daily lives.

It dates back to at least the Sumer civilisation 3500-1900 BCE (~5000 years ago), if not even earlier (Samarra ~5000 BCE, Halaf ~6000 BCE, Jarmo ~7000 BCE).

Years, lunar months, tides, and seasons are messy. Pretending that base 10 can hide all that detail is not necessarily an improvement.

That said ..

If you want this as a feature, you need to look at the underlying code libraries and functions to support this. If they exist, there is probably a way.


You can use Gparted in Ubuntu. You will have to first unmount the windows partition since shrinking/expanding can be done only on unmounted partitions.

Using gparted, shrink the windows partition such that the amount of extra space you want for Ubuntu, is equal to the amount of unallocated space.

Remember, this unallocated space is currently not utilized by wither windows or ubuntu.
So, now you need to expand the Ubuntu partition.

But, you cannot modify a mounted partition.i.e You cannot expand(or shrink) your Ubuntu partition while using it.So, you have two options:

1.Boot using an Ubuntu USB stick into live environment to modify the partition(i.e use gparted from live environment), or

2.Boot into windows and use gparted like software alternatives available for Windows(try EaseUS Partition Master or Parted magic)


My eyes get tired when I use Ubuntu, but not when I use Windows?

You're asking a pretty broad question so you're going to receive an equally broad answer. If you want to know details notify me with a comment and I can extend that part or look up further resources.

We can rule out screen resolution and the vertical screen frequency as possible causes because they're fine (for an LCD anyway).

Font rendering

One thing known to be able to cause eye strain and typically differ between operating systems on the same hardware is font rendering (Linux, Windows, and OS X all have very different font renderers). That includes 1) font face, 2) font size and 3) anti-aliasing to make the font look smooth on a screen with a pixel size far above the wave length of visible light.

I recommend that you play around with those parameters until you find something suitable. In my experience one can notice different levels of eye strain quite quickly between different settings if you look at them for about 10 seconds each and focus on how your eye muscles feel.

I'll explain some details about the three different parameters mentioned before:

font size: bigger is better in terms of strain (up to a certain point) especially if your vision isn't perfect; on the other hand you'll want to fit as much content on your screen as possible, so you'll have to find a suitable balance.
font face: some are more legible on a particular medium (CRT, LCD, paper, etc.) than others; this may depend on the font size and anti-aliasing type. Don't assume that a font face that looks comfortable with one font renderer looks looks as comfortable with a different font renderer (e. g. on a different operating system)! Most fonts are optimised to look best with a particular font renderer on a particular medium.

On Linux you should look for open-source fonts, e. g. those that are distributed through your package manager, since those are typically optimised for FreeType, the most common font renderer on Linux. Mozilla's and Google's fonts are optimised for FreeType as well. Many fonts distributed with Windows have open-source clones that are optimised for FreeType and included in Canonical's package repositories.
anti-aliasing: depends on the medium (here: screen) type; for LCDs it also depends on the screen orientation because it depends on the relative positions of red, green, and blue sub-pixels within a single three-colour pixel. Ubuntu can determine the right setting itself based on the information provided by the screen but you can force a different setting if you're screen doesn't provide one.

You can also adjust the intensity of the anti-aliasing; on FreeType available settings are "simple/slight", "medium/moderate" and "maximal/strong". This will typically influence how thick and sharp the font lines appear. Stronger anti-aliasing will produce sharper looking font glyphs (less strenuous to read) with narrower lines (more strenuous to read), so you'll have to balance that too.

You can adjust all these settings with Ubuntu Tweak (Unity & Gnome), Gnome Tweak Tool (Gnome only) or through the Dconf settings interface.


Fingerprint reader on the T60 Thinkpad running 10.10

FINGERPRINT AUTHENTICATION FOR UBUNTU BASED ON FPRINTD

Add this PPA to your sources:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fingerprint/fprint

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

Install the software:

sudo apt-get install libfprint0 fprint-demo libpam-fprintd gksu-polkit

source


Ubuntu 14 with kerberos authentication, nslcd still needed?

Did you try

passwd  compat sss
group   compat sss
shadow  compat
? for nsswitch.conf

ldap is for nslcd

Then sssd is preferably for Fedora and nslcd for Ubuntu


"Fingerprint cannot be generated" -Gitlab on Ubuntu 16.04

The problem is that the version of Gitlab installed from those instructions (version 6.9.2) is too old (current version is 8.14) - ssh-keygen was then outputting MD5 based Fingerprint hashes; the default is now SHA256.  The solution, as garnered from - Fixing gitlab's "Fingerprint cannot be generated" error - is as follows:

Edit <path-to-gitlab>/app/models/key.rb
Change this line

cmd_output, cmd_status = popen(%W(ssh-keygen -lf #{file.path}), '/tmp')

With this one

cmd_output, cmd_status = popen(%W(ssh-keygen -E md5 -lf #{file.path}), '/tmp')

Restart Gitlab


Sending SIGSTOP or SIGCONT signals graphically (similar to xkill)

You can use xdotool to allow the user to click a window and obtain its process ID. Then you can use kill to send e.g. the STOP or CONT signals to that process and freeze/thaw it that way.
First, you probably have to install xdotool, as it doesn't come preinstalled:
sudo apt install xdotool

Then, the command to get the PID of the process owning a specific window, which can be selected by clicking with the mouse, would be:
xdotool selectwindow getwindowpid

This prints the numeric process ID. You can use supply it as argument to kill -STOP or kill -CONT to pause and continue said process. This can be simplified by storing the PID in a variable, like in this little script below, which pauses the clicked window's process for 5 seconds:
#!/bin/bash
wpid="$(xdotool selectwindow getwindowpid)"
kill -STOP "$wpid"
sleep 5
kill -CONT "$wpid"

You could now save this script on your computer and e.g. bind it to a keyboard shortcut.

Note: man xdotool says about the getwindowpid subcommand:

"This requires effort from the application owning a window and may not work for all windows."

In other words, it might not work at all or at least not exactly as intended with some applications.
It could also happen that multiple windows have the same corresponding process ID, like e.g. all gnome-terminal instances are owned by the same parent. In that case, the command would freeze all of them, which might not be intended.


Microchip's MPLAB-X IDE have wrong fonts and unreadable tabs

Yes, you can. It's a bit hidden though. Choose Tools -> Options on the main menu, go to the Appearance tab, the to the Look and Feel subtab, and choose for example "Nimbus":

Restart your IDE (you will be prompted by the program itself to do it) and voilà:


And I'm wondering when this will be included in ubuntu

When it is considered stable and zfs 0.7 is not stable yet.

I have not found a ppa for 0.7

But there is one. Personal archive to add 0.7 to your system ...
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:zfs-native/daily
sudo apt-get update

And yes: this is experimental. So prepare for failure, like a wiped disk.
See their launchpad page on comments on this. Last update was 4 weeks ago so someone is waiting on someone ;)
Another method of adding this ...
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/zfs-native/daily/ubuntu trusty main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/zfs-native/daily/ubuntu trusty main

Leave the "trusty" as is and it will install. Mileage may vary though as it was not intended for other releases.
Stable version should be used (and that is 0.6.5). Personal archive:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:zfs-native/stable
sudo apt-get update

And in case anyone wants to know what zfs is: wikipedia on zfs ...

ZFS is a combined file system and logical volume manager designed by Sun Microsystems. The features of ZFS include protection against data corruption, support for high storage capacities, efficient data compression, integration of the concepts of filesystem and volume management, snapshots and copy-on-write clones, continuous integrity checking and automatic repair, RAID-Z and native NFSv4 ACLs.

and this specifically on Ubuntu:

Ubuntu integration
The question of the CDDL license's compatibility with the GPL license resurfaced in 2015, when the Linux distribution Ubuntu announced that it intended to make precompiled OpenZFS binary kernel modules available to end-users directly from the distribution's official package repositories.  In 2016, Ubuntu announced that a legal review resulted in the conclusion that providing support for ZFS via a binary kernel module was not in violation of the provisions of the GPL license.  Others followed Ubuntu's conclusion,  while the FSF and SFC reiterated their opposing view.
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ("Xenial Xerus"), released on April 21, 2016, allows the user to install the OpenZFS binary packages directly from the Ubuntu software repositories.  As of April 2017, no legal challenge has been brought against Canonical regarding the distribution of these packages.


You might have to configure your bios to boot from usb first.
1. Go to bios (by pressing Del or F2 at startup).
2. Go to "BOOT" and change the order so the usb is on top.
3. Save configuration and try again.
Hope it helps.


Why is my Arc theme not looking correct on Ubuntu 18.04?

Ubuntu dock's style is dictated by your chosen GNOME shell theme. Looks like you have just selected Arc as only the 'Applications' theme, but not as the shell theme also.

First you'll have install and activate User Themes shell extension (refer to this).

Then you may use (GNOME) Tweaks to change the shell theme. Open Tweaks and go to Appearance section. Under 'Themes' you'll be able to select Arc:


How can I upgrade my Dell mini from version 8.04?

I'm assuming you have the Dell Mini 9 which came pre-loaded with 8.04 from Dell which was a customized image to fit the small SSD.

There is a very good answer on Ubuntu Forums that should help you fix the issue but to summarize;

  Issues to bear in mind:

  The original Dell Ubuntu 8.04 was an "lpia" version, which is no longer supported on 10.04.
  Dell Ubuntu 8.04 uses a special Dell / lpia repository, which does not have USB "Startup Disk Creator"
  Dell Ubuntu 8.04 has proprietary Fluendo codecs for mp3 etc.

  What this means to you:

  You can't upgrade by sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
  You can't create a USB bootable image on your Mini
  You may want to consider backing up your codecs to reinstall after a fresh install of 10.04:
  http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.p...09#post9224709 (I didn't do
  this myself - but apparently it does work)

  So - how do you actually achieve the upgrade (fresh install)?

  Backup your files you want to keep, or just backup the entire /home directory to restore if you want to keep all application settings etc.
  Backup fluendo codecs, if you want to (see above).
  Create a bootable USB startup disk from your iso you downloaded using any other computer (i.e. not your Mini). Or from unetbootin.
  Turn off Mini, and plug bootable USB in.
  Press 0 on the first boot screen after turning Mini on and select USB as boot device.
  Follow instructions to install...
  Restore files or /home and/or codecs as you wish.
  Restore wifi with: http://www.ubuntumini.com/2010/04/br...-in-lucid.html

Source


I can show my Folders in Windows8, but I can't in Ubuntu, Why?

You need to mount the partitions, they might be in the side bar of your file browser, or you may have to do it through the terminal like so:

sudo mkdir /media/mountpoint
sudo mount /dev/sdaPartiton Number here /media/mountpoint

and when you're done

sudo umount /media/mountpoint


Where is libGL in NVIDIA proprietary drivers 460?

The libGL.so file is provided by libgl-dev package.
Install it by
 sudo apt install libgl-dev

But you may need libGL.so.1 that is provided by libgl1 package.
Most likely you need only
sudo apt install libgl1

And it is not related to Nvidia proprietary drivers.


Extremely slow display of JPEGs and other images in 15.10

You are using the Nouveau driver, and may have better results with one of the graphics drivers available in the 'Additional Drivers' section of the Ubuntu Software center.

I'm marked this question as a duplicate of "How do I install additional drivers" which should take you through the process well.  I would caution you to also read through how to uninstall nvidia drivers first, and to make a note to yourself that when updating distributions (like from Ubuntu 14.04 to Ubuntu 15.10) it is a good idea to disable the proprietary graphic
s drivers first!


Is it possible to get xRandR to see two separate outputs with the nvidia driver?

The proprietary driver isn't compatible with xrandr and it likely never will be. Nvidia have refused to create a compatible driver and instead have decided to copy their windows based settings and controls.

Over time, the nvidia driver is likely to fall further and further behind, making it harder and harder to use in a modern FreeDesktop like Ubuntu. You must instead use the nvidia-settings and the twinview, which distorts the desktop across two screens.


Is it now possible to use a blacklisted Nvidia 7200 card in Unity?

I just upgraded from 11.04 to 11.10 and my 7200 SE isn't the most performant but seems to chugging along acceptably.  When I'm running 3840x1200 desktop resolution, it has some noticable lag even in the 2D version of unity offered, but overall it worked well enough.  I did have UNITY_FORCE_START=1 in my /etc/environment file already, and it persisted through the upgrade, maybe yours wasn't working due to case sensitivity?


control keys produce ascii output in Vi insert mode

Try installing vim, instead. This is the default behavior of vi. If you have vim installed, the best way to get vim behavior is to touch .vimrc in your home directory.


Is Ubuntu One + Evolution/Thunderbird Sync Still working in older versions like 10.04?

I'm sorry, and I may be mistaken, but I don't believe that this feature is present on the Ubuntu One servers anymore, so just running an older release won't be helpful. They decided that the old approach wasn't workable.

In order to again provide the feature, both server and Ubuntu clients will have to implement the new approach. I think that's why they refer to 12.10. The servers will need to implement a database in the cloud, and the clients will need to communicate with it.


I have accidentally turned off my password - how do I recover from this?

Can you use sudo command?

sudo <command_to_execute_as_root>

If not, you can try enter in the GRUB boot manager. In the Ubuntu option press the "e" key to edit, edit the line "linux    /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-18-generic root=UUID=00aad4d6-a7e5-41ce-a25e-dfda8664bb99 ro   quiet splash" and add in the end:

init=/bin/bash

This boot machine with bash directly without passwd. The you must remount the root filesystem in read/write mode:

mount -o remount,rw /

And you can execute passwd to change the root passwd. ;)


what should be done with these lines in the following arch.make file?

A .SUFFIXES rule in a Makefile determines which implicit rules are used during compilation. A detailed explanation would be off-topic here, but you can read all you want to know in Chapter 2 Rules in O'Reilly's Managing Projects with GNU Make, Third Edition By Robert Mecklenburg.

Regarding the assignments of variables such as FPP, FPP_OUTPUT, NETCDF_LIBS you will need to refer to the software's own documentation to determine suitable values for these - we might guess based on context that FPP stands for a Fortran pre-processor (by analogy with CPP) but that's by no means guaranteed.

Your underlying question seems to be "How do I build the siesta computational chemistry software on Ubuntu 12.04?". Here's what worked for me (YMMV - depending what pre-existing software is installed on your system):

Install the pre-requisites - for me these were a Fortran compiler, plus regular and MPI versions of the BLAS and LAPACK libraries, which I did as

sudo apt-get install gfortran libatlas-dev liblapack-dev libscalapack-mpi-dev

Unpack the software and change to the Obj directory

tar xf siesta-4.1-b1.tar.gz
cd siesta-4.1-b1/Obj

As indicated in the Obj/README file, run the provided script to populate the directory,

../Src/obj_setup.sh

As suggested by the script, run the provided configure script to create a suitable arch.make file

../Src/configure

If you're still interested in the answers to your questions (2) and (3) at this point, you can look into the created arch.make file to see the automatically configured values
Build the software

At this point, you should be ready to make, however it appears that the configure step doesn't quite take care of everything since it fails with the message

SIESTA: dc_lapack.a has been deprecated in favor of:
  COMP_LIBS += libsiestaLAPACK.a
Please update your arch.make file accordingly...

Although you could edit the arch.make file, IMHO it's simpler for such a small change to pass the variable definition on the make command line

make "COMP_LIBS += libsiestaLAPACK.a"

If the build completes successfully, you can run the provided tests by changing to the Obj/Tests directory and running make there

cd Tests/
make

The tests may take considerably more time than the build.


Downloading Entirety of Lubuntu/Ubuntu Man-pages?

Even more special would be being able to get this specifically for Lubuntu because there are a few differences in software and I'm an avid Lubuntu user but, if need be, I can make due with just the Ubuntu man-pages.

There are no differences in manpages between Lubuntu and Ubuntu. One of the points of becoming a recognized flavour is using the same repositories as Ubuntu, so the software is identical, it's only the starting points that differ.

Also, http://manpages.ubuntu.com suffers from a bug where identically named manpages from different packages aren't distinguished - the manpages of the last package read show up.

Instead of hammering the manpages site, hammer the repositories.

Get a list of manpages, for, say, the binary-amd64 architecture (should be identical to the others):

mkdir temp
cd temp
curl http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/wily/Contents-amd64.gz |
  gunzip |
  grep 'share/man' |
  sed 's/.* //;s/,/\n/g' |
  awk -F/ '{print $NF}' |
  sort -u > packages.txt
while IFS= read -r package
do
    apt-get download "$package"
    dpkg-deb --fsys-tarfile "$package"*.deb | tar x ./usr/share/man
    mkdir "$package"-manpages
    find ./usr/share/man/man* -type f -exec mv -t "$package"-manpages {} +
    rm "$package"*.deb
    for page in "$package"-manpages/*
    do
        man -t "$page" | ps2pdf - > "$page".pdf
    done
done < packages.txt

If course, this is going to consume an insane amount of bandwidth - the repository servers are used to it, the question is: is your network upto the task?


How to change the timeout of GRUB Boot loader screen in Ubuntu 14.10?

You can read the full documentation here. In general it is two steps:

Edit the file /etc/default/grub as root (or with sudo) and set the GRUB_TIMEOUT variable to whatever you want.
Make the changes visible by calling sudo update-grub


If you need this specific version of Clang, the 3.0, take a look here:

http://clang.llvm.org/get_started.html

Otherwise, if installing a previous version of Clang is fine for you, then you can install it through the Ubuntu Software Centre:

https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/oneiric/clang/


Will Ubuntu work on my old laptop running Windows 10?

The best way to answer to this question is creating a USB bootable drive with Ubuntu and make a test from the live system (=not installing anything).

Read the official guide here

  https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/tutorial-create-a-usb-stick-on-windows


How to remove the "install ubuntu" splash from a live usb

I haven't tried it myself, but check this link out:
http://geekyprojects.com/ubuntu/build-your-own-custom-ubuntu-livecd/

It treats the subject of creating a custom Ubuntu LiveCD from an Ubuntu distribution.

Otherwise, I imagine there should be some possibility to edit the menu.v32 file(s) inside the Ubuntu ISO, I do not know of such tools though.


Server asking for password even after adding ssh keys

There could be any number of problems from incorrect permissions to an encrypted home directory.

In general, ssh-copy-id is the best method to transfer the keys as it automates the process.

ssh-copy-id -i key_name user@server

See http://bodhizazen.com/Tutorials/SSH_keys#Transfer for details

If you are using an encrypted home directory, however, you need to configure your ssh server to look for the keys in an alternate location. In that event, you edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config and edit the location of the key file.

If all that fails, post the output of

ssh -vvv user@server

the -vvv option will show verbose error messages.


Ubuntu Login Screen goes black on Ubuntu 16.04, Cuda 8.0 and Geforce GTX Titan X GPU

1)Install fresh Ubuntu OS (16.04). Check if you have a NVIDIA graphics card

lspci | grep VGA

2)Run the following commands in a terminal

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install  build-essential
sudo apt-get install g++ build-essential
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)

3)Add the repository containing nvidia latest drivers

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update

4)Open System Settings > Softwares & Updates > Additional Drivers. Select the latest nvidia-driver that you can see instead of the nouveau driver that is selected by default. Click on apply changes and wait for the process to finish
(Or)

sudo ubuntu-drivers devices
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

5)Reboot
Verify the nvidia driver is selected in the above Additional Drivers location
(or) run the following and check if driver is nvidia

sudo lshw -c video | grep configuration

6)Run the following command to create the file

sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf

In the editor add the following lines:

blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0

7)Run the following command

sudo update-initramfs -u

8) Download Cuda runfile installer from https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads
    This currently has cuda 9.1. Older versions are also available in the site.
9)Reboot
10)Run the following commands

sudo chmod 755 <Path-to-cuda-runfile>
sudo sh <Path-to-cuda-runfile>

The installer will prompt for the following:
    EULA Acceptance - accept
   *CUDA driver installation - no (Important that you do not install driver here)
    Install CUDA toolkit - yes at default path
    Create Symbolic link - yes
    Install CUDA samples - yes at default path
11)Reboot and login
12)Edit the ~/.bashrc file and add the following at the end

export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:${CUDA_HOME}/lib64
export PATH=$PATH:${CUDA_HOME}/bin

13)Open a new terminal and run the following command to verify nvcc compiler

nvcc --version

OPTIONAL - Build and test cuda samples
14) Run the following

cd ~/NVIDIA_CUDA_*_Samples
make
cd 1_Utilities/deviceQuery
sudo ./deviceQuery

The above app should output PASS


I'm not certain which one thing fixed it, but here's what I did:

Open dconf editor from the Dash
Click on the Find, and type power (case-sensitive).
Here's what I've got set:

idle-brightness = 0
idle-dim-time = 0
sleep-display-ac = 0
sleep-display-battery = 0
sleep-inactive-ac-timeout = 0
sleep-inactive-battery-timeout = 0

Try setting those and see if it helps you. Again, not exactly sure which one thing fixes it, I haven't taken the time to check. And ultimately, one shouldn't have to do this in the first place.


How force that all connections to my Apache use TLSv1.1 or TLSv1.2?

Setting SSLCipherSuite with just ciphers that are just supported in TLSv1.2 bypass the Apache 2.2 limitation of parse TLSv1.1 string to limited TLS to version over 1.0.


How to troubleshoot overheating problems?

If you have a four-year old laptop, it makes sense that it's overheating. The likeliest,and easiest, solutions are

Clean the laptop. Get a can of compressed air and blow it in the it intake vents. That might help a little but ideally, you need to open the laptop up and clean the fan and heatsink on the CPU.
Change your thermal paste. You'll need to open the machine, remove the CPU, clean it and then apply fresh thermal paste between the CPU and its heatsink.

For more details, see How do I correctly apply thermal paste on a laptop CPU with a small surface area?


Ubuntu 13.10 (Google Account - Google Chrome) Icon Issue

In Terminal run :

gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/google-chrome.desktop

If the resulting Gedit is empty, add following lines to it (Copy and Paste):

If it is not empty, edit the available content in it to become as following:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=
Name=Google Chrome
GenericName=Web Browser
Exec=google-chrome %F
Terminal=false
X-MultipleArgs=false
Type=Application
Icon=google-chrome
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;
MimeType=text/html;text/xml;application/xhtml_xml;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https;
StartupWMClass=google-chrome
StartupNotify=true
Actions=NewWindow;Incognito;TempProfile;
X-AppInstall-Package=google-chrome

[Desktop Action NewWindow]
Name=Open a New Window
Exec=google-chrome
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Desktop Action Incognito]
Name=Open a New Window in incognito mode
Exec=google-chrome --incognito
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Desktop Action TempProfile]
Name=Open a New Window with a temporary profile
Exec=google-chrome --temp-profile
TargetEnvironment=Unity