After connecting the kindle to your computer

the last lines of /var/log/syslog
should contain something like this:

[39034.269113] sd 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[39034.271098] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] 1982464 512-byte logical blocks: (1.01 GB/968 M

Since the Kindle devices behave like ordinary mass storage device.

If nothing is to be found your device is not being detected at all. Does anything change on the kindle itself when you connect it? The screen should change into a  docking /  charging screen.

You might have a broken port on the kindle or perhaps the usb cable.


Command to check whether the current user has write permission

Let's work through the issues with your code. As dessert mentioned in a comment, the first problem is the syntax of the [ command. We need to put spaces between [ and its arguments, because the shell uses spaces to separate fields, and thinks that [namei is the command you want to run.

I'm going to use a file in my home directory called file, which I know I have write permission on, in my examples. I have put your code on one line, to make it easier to test interactively. It will work in the same way as if there were a newline after then.

$ if [namei -m playground | grep w]; then echo "writeable"
No command '[namei' found, did you mean:
 Command 'namei' from package 'util-linux' (main)
[namei: command not found

Let's fix the spaces around [ and ]:

$ if [ namei -m playground | grep w ]; then echo "writeable"
>

Now I get a prompt to type something, a >. The prompt tells me that the shell is waiting for me to enter something. The simplest form of the syntax of if is

if condition; then command; fi

so the shell is waiting for the fi. If I enter it at the prompt, I get this:

$ if [ namei -m file | grep w ]; then echo "writeable"
> fi
bash: [: missing `]'
grep: ]: No such file or directory

Looks like the pipe | is causing problems here, since [ can't find its last argument, and grep thinks its last argument is ]. Since [ (or the one we're using here anyway) is a shell builtin, we should be able to get some information about it using help

$ help [
[: [ arg... ]
    Evaluate conditional expression.

    This is a synonym for the "test" builtin, but the last argument must
    be a literal `]', to match the opening `['.

We can't use a pipe in the middle of a command's arguments. In other situations, we might be able to put the commands in a subshell by enclosing them in ( ), but that is a syntax error in [ (and test).

The real problem here is that what we are trying to pass to the [ command is not something it can evaluate as true or false. If the argument you try to pass to test is a command, test does not use the exit status of that command as I think you are expecting. You can pass the output of a command to [ using command substitution, but that is not what you or your code want(s) to do.

I think what your code is trying to do is check that grep found a w in the output of namei -m somefile. We don't need the test command for that at all.

$ help if
if: if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi
    Execute commands based on conditional.

   The `if COMMANDS' list is executed.  If its exit status is zero, then the
   `then COMMANDS' list is executed.  Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list is
   executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding
   `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes.  Otherwise,
   the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present.  The exit status of the
   entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero
   if no condition tested true.

So if we are only interested in whether a command succeeds, we can put the command as a condition for if:

$ if namei -m file | grep w; then echo "writeable"; fi
 -rw-rw-r-- file
writeable

You can even use -q to suppress output from grep and collect only its exit status (success if a match is found):

$ if namei -m file | grep  -q w; then echo "writeable"; fi
writeable

But that's not a good way to test whether the file is writeable by you. Let's try another test file:

$ touch file_with_w
$ chmod 444 file_with_w
$ stat -c %A file_with_w
-r--r--r--
$ if namei -m file_with_w | grep  -q w; then echo "writeable"; fi
writeable

If we parse the output of namei -m for a file with a w in its name, this method will make it appear to be writeable even if it is read only for everyone.

Parsing the output of commands is sometimes the right way to get the information you want. But there is usually a better way, in the form of an option to that command, or a different command with a similar purpose.

Let's go back to test aka [ command and see if it has any useful options. You can enter help test, or for more detail read the Conditional Expressions section of the Bash manual

File operators:
...
   -w FILE        True if the file is writable by you.

Aha! the test command has exactly what we want, as mentioned in answer to Checking for a file and whether it is readable and writable

$ if [ -w file ]; then echo "writeable"; fi
writeable
$ if [ -w file_with_w ]; then echo "writeable"; fi
$

That's right :)

But you mentioned that you wanted the command to output an error message if the file is not writeable, rather than a statement that it is writeable. For that we need an else statement

$ if [ -w file_with_w ]; then echo "writeable"; else echo "not writeable"; fi
not writeable

As a script, you could write that command like this:

#!/bin/bash

if [ -w "$1" ]; then
   echo "writeable"
else
   echo "not writeable"
fi

Then you could give it execute permission (replace script with the actual filename)

chmod u+x script

and run it with the file you want to test as its argument (referenced in the script with $1):

$ ./script file
writeable
$ ./script file_with_w
not writeable

If you only want to get an error message when the file is non-writeable, and no output when it is, you can negate the test condition instead of writing an else:

$ if [ ! -w file_with_w ]; then echo "not writeable"; fi
not writeable

As Panther mentioned in a comment, you might also want to make use of the variable $USER, which should expand to the name of the user running the shell. You can thus make a more impressive error message:

$ if [ ! -w file_with_w ]; then echo "file is not writeable by $USER"; fi
file is not writeable by zanna

For simple test commands, you can also use [ and test and [[ without if, and use shell operators for the logic:

$ [ -w file_with_w ] || echo "not writeable"
not writeable

|| is the shell's logical OR. It means if the previous command failed, then execute the next command

The shell's logical AND is &&:

$ [ ! -w file_with_w ] && echo "not writeable"
not writeable

&& means if the previous command succeeded, then execute the next command

All of this works because the test command gives a helpful exit status as described in help test:

Exit Status:
Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to
false or an invalid argument is given.


Using Terminal to open a file within a jar file?

Personally I use jar because it feels more natural, and allows for other operations such as updating contents too. Here are the read commands:

List contents

jar tf myjar.jar

Extract contents to pwd

jar xf myjar.jar

Extract specific file, creating dirs as required

jar xf myjar.jar /foo/bar.class

Extracting the bytecode itself isn't usually terribly useful though. To make sense of it, you need to decompile it into something readable.

There aren't many good java decompilers to choose from. I tend to use JD-GUI, because it's quick and does what I need it to. Frustratingly, its multi-file search functionality never works for me (note that Ctrl+F search-on-the-page is fine). This is no great loss though; you can get it to dump all the sources to disk with Ctrl+Alt+S for perusal with grep/vim/Eclipse etc.

I install it like this:

wget http://jd.benow.ca/jd-gui/downloads/jd-gui-0.3.5.linux.i686.tar.gz
tar xzf jd-gui-0.3.5.linux.i686.tar.gz
sudo mv jd-gui /usr/local/bin/
sudo chown root:root /usr/local/bin/jd-gui
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/jd-gui

Using it goes something like this:

jd-gui myjar.jar
Ctrl+Alt+S; pick your path & save
Alt+F4
jar xf <path>/myjar.src.zip

Note however that JD-GUI has no CLI interface. If you know of a good CLI decompiler, I'd be very interested to hear of it (there is JAD, but AFAIK that only supports Java < 1.5).


Ubuntu cgroup architecture: cgroup-lite vs cgroup-bin and default config for lxc, libvirt-bin?

You can get the same cgroup management files just by adding the /cgroup mount to your fstab:

cgroup          /cgroup         cgroup  defaults        0       0

The files end up in a slightly different location. With cgroup-lite, you will end up with paths like /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/cpu.shares, whereas with the fstab method you'll get /cgroup/cpu.shares.

The cgroup-lite package itself is just providing an init script to mount those control directories if they don't yet exist via fstab or some other means.


I have a Asus G55V laptop and I was wondering which Ubuntu Version I should go for?

You have a high spec laptop, so you can choose between any of the different flavors of Ubuntu. Since you don't have a lot of experience with Ubuntu, I recommend that you install Ubuntu 12.04 LTS which is supported by updates until April, 2017. That way you get a stable Long Term Support release that won't need an upgrade or a new install until April, 2017.

The other available alternative choices are Ubuntu 12.10, which is supported by updates until April, 2014, and Ubuntu 13.04, which is supported by updates until January, 2014.


After open google chrome Ubuntu 11.10 crashes all browsers

It seems to be a nvidia official driver problem (libvdpau).

There is 3 options :

First, you re-install the package from the repository. apt-get install --reinstall nvidia-current
Second, you go to the nvidia website and according to your hardware you download the proper driver and install it.
Don't do this one :  Last one is to reinstall the libvdpau1 : apt-get install libvdpau1

Finally, it don't seems to be the fault of the nvidia driver.


Ubuntu won't boot and stuck at black screen

I was able to finally get back to the
error: unknown filesystem
grub rescue >
after clearing the CMOS following a guide similar to the explanations given here https://www.lifewire.com/how-to-clear-cmos-2624545
Following this guide How to fix "error: unknown filesystem. grub rescue> I eventually boot into my linux mint/ubuntu finally.
Hope someone with a similar problem finds it helpful!


ubuntu 14.04 LTS crashes when clicking on launcher icon

I had the same problem. I noticed that it started when I installed unity tweak tool and made some changes in it. I uninstalled it but it didn't help, then I installed it again and I restored all options default. Now switching between many instances of application works fine. So if you had or have unity tweak tool, restoring defaults in tool may be the solution.


How can I disable autostart of mysql server?

Ubuntu 16.04 uses systemd to control autostart of services. Try using the systemctl command:

sudo systemctl disable mysql


From my experience with .desktop files, you need to actually put the whole path in for the executable; I'm not exactly sure what the path field is for.

Change what comes after Exec: to /home/lucho/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files\ \(x86\)/EA\ GAMES/MOHAA/mohaa_lnx

Also, change the Path: field to reflect that with the backslashes. You can't use quotes for spaces and special characters in Linux, as far as I have seen.

For future reference, put a backslash (\) before any special character, including spaces. Windows uses quotes.

The complete file should look something like this:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=MOHAA for LINUX
Exec=/home/lucho/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files\ \(x86\)/EA\ GAMES/MOHAA/mohaa_lnx
Type=Application
Categories=Game;
StartupNotify=true
Path=/home/lucho/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files\ \(x86\)/EA\ GAMES/MOHAA/
Icon=BE1A_MOHAA.0
Terminal=false


How to get Garmin driver lib libGPSMap60CSx.so for QlandkarteGT on kubuntu 16.04?

I found a solution on german ubuntu users wiki. It references a PPA that provides the package qlandkartegt-garmin:

ppa:dirk-computer42/c42-backport

After adding this PPA and installing qlandkartegt-garmin from it, my GPSmap device can be used in qlandkartegt again.


Installed gnomne-doc-utils but another program still says the version isn't new enough

You have to install more dependencies

sudo apt-get install gnome-doc-utils libgnomeui-dev libglade2-dev \
libxslt1-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev rarian-compat

and then retry:

cd ~/Downloads
wget https://dev.gentoo.org/~leio/distfiles/ignuit-2.24.3.testing.tar.gz
tar -xf ignuit-2.24.3.testing.tar.gz
cd ignuit-2.24.3.testing/
./configure
make
sudo make install

and enjoy:

$ ignuit --version
GNOME ignuit 2.24.3.testing


Credit goes to Free software magazine

open your terminal and paste this

 sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

paste this line at ending

deb http://apt.sourcefabric.org/ saucy main
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy multiverse

save & close that file.
Then paste these command in terminal one after one

     sudo apt-get update
     sudo apt-get install sourcefabric-keyring
     sudo apt-get install postgresql
     sudo apt-get install icecast2
     sudo apt-get install airtime

Now follow the Configuration File at manual: http://en.flossmanuals.net/airtime-en-2-0/


Printer no longer works after Ubuntu 20.04

I have found a solution here:

  Install printer Canon MP280 on ubuntu 20.04

Basically, I have to issue this command in Terminal

sudo apt-get install printer-driver-gutenprint

And then try re-adding the printer again.


How to turn on Redshift, without Redshift trying to determine if it should be turned on?

Even I had that problem. Try Night Light Slider gnome extension. This will let you set your own tone.
link to the above extension: extensions.gnome.org/extension/1276/night-light-slider


Found it!

Since a Ubuntu server autoconfigure itself via DHCP on installation it creates the file /run/resolvconf/interface/eth0.dhclient with the information about the wth.local domain :

domain wth.local
nameserver 172.31.0.5

Configuring a static IP won't delete the file and when you restart the network with the following command :

~$ sudo ifdown eth0 && sudo ifup eth0

, the DNS handler rebuild its resolv.conf file with both eth0.dhclient and eth0.inet files!

My guess is that the SA before me didn't bother and just edit the resolv.conf file; I had the problem on 1 server out of 3, thought it was a bug with 13.04 but I've replicated the same with a fresh 14.04 install...

Case closed!


Unable to configure a static IP on 18.04

Try this slightly modified .yaml file...

Copy/paste the entire text...

Show me any errors during the generate step...

Make sure to keep the indentation, spacing, and no tabs...

# To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config:disabled}
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    ens18:
      addresses: [192.168.1.222/24]
      gateway4: 192.168.1.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [192.168.1.2,192.168.1.221,8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]
      optional: true

sudo netplan --debug generate # generate config files

sudo netplan apply # apply configuration

reboot # confirm proper operation


accessing MySQL using terminal in Ubuntu 13.04

Have you tried setting up password for root soon after installing MySQL?? If not first try to Enter the command in a terminal below;

mysql -u root

Now it should open the mysql console. And type the following line:

SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('yourpassword');

To exit from the mysql console enter exit.

Then try reconnecting with following line;

mysql -u root -p

Try the password you've entered.

Source: How to connect and create a database in MySQL?


Can BASH display in systray as application indicator?

The best method I've found is System Monitor Indicator from this article: webupd8.org - Ubuntu application indicator that displays bash. It displays text on the Unity system tray / application indicator bar that your bash script "echos".
The above article is targeted to Ubuntu 16.04 with Unity. For more information on Xubuntu, Gnome-Shell + app-indicator extension, and Budgie, go to the Developers website: fossfreedom / indicator-sysmonitor. Also visit the site for more detailed installation and configuration instructions.
Install and Configure indicator-sysmonitor
To install System Monitor Indicator you need to first specify the PPA where indicator-sysmonitor can be found:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fossfreedom/indicator-sysmonitor
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-sysmonitor

Now run the "indicator-sysmonitor" GUI from Dash (Alt+F2).

Click on the systray area that appears with "cpu: 99% mem: 99%"
Select "Preferences"
The "General" tab is initially active, click the "Run on startup" box
Select the "Advanced" tab
Click New button to add a new control
In Sensor field enter custom
In Description field type Bash Indicator
_ In Command field type name of your bash script, ie /mnt/e/bin/indicator-sysmonitor-display
Save your new custom indicator
Highlight the custom line and click the Add button to activate it.
You can remove the default variables for "CPU" and "Mem" which might not be helpful to you.
I changed the refresh time interval from 2 seconds to .3 second. To support "spinning pizza" explained below.
Now click the Save button.

Sysmonitor Indicator in action
This .gif shows how it looks when Ubuntu’s Unity System Tray is updated.

At the beginning of the animation our systray output contains "Brightness: 3000".
Then multi-timer (link below) is started and steps through multiple timers.
A spinning pizza appears along with a count down of remaining time.

NOTE: System Monitor Indicator also displays "Brightness: 3000". This is the daytime setting for my Intel Backlight hardware brightness level (link below).
Sysmonitor Indicator BASH script
Create a script similar to the following and assign it to the variable {Custom} in Sysmonitor Indicator:

#!/bin/bash

# UPDT: May 30 2018 - Cohesion with new multi-timer and old lock-screen-timer.

if [ -f ~/.lock-screen-timer-remaining ]; then
    text-spinner
    Spinner=$(cat ~/.last-text-spinner) # read last text spinner used
    String=$(cat ~/.lock-screen-timer-remaining)
    systray="$Spinner  $String"
else
    systray=""
fi

if [ -f /tmp/display-current-brightness ]; then
    Brightness=$(cat /tmp/display-current-brightness)
    systray="$systray  Brightness: $Brightness"
else
    systray="$systray  Brightness: OFF"
fi

# Below for AU answer: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1024866/is-it-possible-to-show-ip-address-on-top-bar-near-the-time
# default_interface=$(route -n | awk '$1 == "0.0.0.0" {print $8; exit}')
# ip_address=$(ifconfig "$default_interface" | awk 'sub(/.* inet addr:/, "") {print $1}')
# systray="$systray  $ip_address"

echo "$systray" # sysmon-indidicator will put echo string into systray for us.

exit 0

After telling Sysmonitor Indicator the name of your bash script by setting the {Custom} variable it runs every refresh interval. Whatever your bash script outputs via echo command appears in Ubuntu's System Tray.
NOTE: The script displays Time Remaining and Display Brightness Level values. These value are set by scripts documented in Ask Ubuntu:  Application that will lock screen after a set amount of time for Ubuntu, A timer to set up different alarms simultaneosly and Automatically adjust display brightness based on sunrise and sunset respectively.
Spinning pizza--text-spinner BASH script
The text-spinner bash script creates a spinning pizza effect by cycling through the characters |, /, ─ and \. This effect highlights the fact something is "working" or "thinking". To get the "spinning effect" you want to change the Sysmonitor Indicator refresh interval from the default 2 seconds to be about 0.30 seconds.
Here is the text-spinner bash script:
#!/bin/bash

# return '|', '/', '─', '\' sequentially with each call to this script.
# Use ~/.last-text-spinner to store last used

FILE=~/.last-text-spinner

if ! [ -f $FILE ]; then
    echo '|' > $FILE
    exit 124 # ASCII equivalent for '|'. Bash doesn't allow character return codes
fi

LAST=$(cat $FILE) # read last character used

if [[ $LAST == '|' ]]; then
    echo '/' > $FILE
    exit 47 # ASCII equivalent of "/"
elif [[ $LAST == '/' ]]; then  # NOTE: you must have spaces around " == " else code breaks
    echo '─' > $FILE
    exit 9472 # ASCII equivalent
elif [[ $LAST == '─' ]]; then
    echo '\' > $FILE # NOTE: must use single quote because double quote BASH reinterprets
    exit 92 # ASCII
else
    echo '|' > $FILE
    exit 124 # ASCII
fi


Sublime Text 3 behaving differently whether called by terminal or by clicking .desktop file

If you cat or edit the Sublime Text file you find in the directory /usr/share/applications (the name might be sublime-text-3.desktop) you'll find the command that opens Sublime Text when you click the menu icon. Try that in terminal Tommaso.


Why does a VirtualBox error completely locks my Ubuntu (lubuntu) desktop?

The most plausible explanation is that VirtualBox (froze your Ubuntu because it) used up all the available RAM. Maybe test it while keeping an eye on top?


Cannot install themes due to permissions error

Download a Theme
Extract the theme
Move the Theme folder to home/.themes/ (Make sure the folder structure is correct; inside the theme folder there should be a gtk3.0, metacity,gtk2 and possibly a gnome-shell folders) if you don't have the hidden folder ( .) makes a hidden folder create it, to make it show up press CTRL+H.
Select it with Gnome Tweak Tool, Install it if you don't have it.


The locate command uses a database, which is updated about once a day. While it gives fast results, it isn't necessarily accurate. If locate says a file exists, but it isn't there, it was moved or deleted after the last database update. Also see A file shows in “locate” command but don't exist. Why?


Dual Boot Goes to Win8 Doesn't even Show Grub screen

No you need not to install Ubuntu again

Here is your solution:

I prefer you to use Ubuntu Grub Menu, that is let Ubuntu to allow you to chose which OS you want to boot (Windows or Ubuntu).

Here are the steps that would help you..

Boot from your Ubuntu LiveCD/DVD or Ubuntu bootable USB and select 'Try Ubuntu' (not 'Install Ubuntu'). When Ubuntu starts open terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) and execute following commands:

Installing boot-repair ( a good s/w to fix grub ):

    $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
    $ sudo apt-get update
    $ sudo apt-get install boot-repair
    Run boot-repair from your system or type: (boot-repair &) in terminal

When started select Option 'Recommended Repair' from out of two options:

'Recommended Repair' & 'Advanced Options'.

Follow very easy onscreen instruction, it will build/fix your grub menu..

Restarting your system may list all the Operating Systems installed in your HDD.
Be sure that you have properly shut down Windows 8, before starting these steps..

You can get more help on - Using Boot-Repair


How to configure two segment's IP addresses' gateway use netplan?

"gateway" is shorthand for "default router".  You only need to specify one default route to the Internet.  If you have multiple routes to the Internet via different routers and you want to use all of them, you will need to configure this using the more detailed routes section.

See https://netplan.io/examples#using-multiple-addresses-with-multiple-gateways for example of how to do this.


lshal is no longer available.

  HAL is now deprecated on most Linux distributions, such as parts of
  Ubuntu with functionality being merged into udev as of 2008–2010.
  Previously, HAL was built on top of udev.

Source

udevadm is your new friend, e.g.

udevadm info --query=all --attribute-walk --name=/dev/sda

gives

Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.

  looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata1/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda':
    KERNEL=="sda"
    SUBSYSTEM=="block"
    DRIVER==""
    ATTR{ro}=="0"
    ATTR{size}=="250069680"
    ATTR{stat}=="   57563     3582  2721456    42992    56151    40558  2275840   104352        0    22216   147296"
    ATTR{range}=="16"
    ATTR{discard_alignment}=="0"
    ATTR{events}==""
    ATTR{ext_range}=="256"
    ATTR{events_poll_msecs}=="-1"
    ATTR{alignment_offset}=="0"
    ATTR{inflight}=="       0        0"
    ATTR{removable}=="0"
    ATTR{capability}=="50"
    ATTR{events_async}==""

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata1/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0':
    KERNELS=="0:0:0:0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
    DRIVERS=="sd"
    ATTRS{rev}=="2a  "
    ATTRS{type}=="0"
    ATTRS{scsi_level}=="6"
    ATTRS{model}=="ADATA SP900     "
    ATTRS{state}=="running"
    ATTRS{unload_heads}=="0"
    ATTRS{queue_type}=="none"
    ATTRS{iodone_cnt}=="0x1c943"
    ATTRS{iorequest_cnt}=="0x1ca1e"
    ATTRS{queue_ramp_up_period}=="120000"
    ATTRS{device_busy}=="0"
    ATTRS{evt_capacity_change_reported}=="0"
    ATTRS{timeout}=="30"
    ATTRS{evt_media_change}=="0"
    ATTRS{ioerr_cnt}=="0xe4"
    ATTRS{queue_depth}=="31"
    ATTRS{vendor}=="ATA     "
    ATTRS{evt_soft_threshold_reached}=="0"
    ATTRS{device_blocked}=="0"
    ATTRS{evt_mode_parameter_change_reported}=="0"
    ATTRS{evt_lun_change_reported}=="0"
    ATTRS{evt_inquiry_change_reported}=="0"
    ATTRS{iocounterbits}=="32"
    ATTRS{vpd_pg80}==""
    ATTRS{vpd_pg83}==""
    ATTRS{eh_timeout}=="10"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata1/host0/target0:0:0':
    KERNELS=="target0:0:0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
    DRIVERS==""

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata1/host0':
    KERNELS=="host0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
    DRIVERS==""

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata1':
    KERNELS=="ata1"
    SUBSYSTEMS==""
    DRIVERS==""

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2':
    KERNELS=="0000:00:1f.2"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="pci"
    DRIVERS=="ahci"
    ATTRS{irq}=="25"
    ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x1028"
    ATTRS{broken_parity_status}=="0"
    ATTRS{class}=="0x010400"
    ATTRS{driver_override}=="(null)"
    ATTRS{consistent_dma_mask_bits}=="64"
    ATTRS{dma_mask_bits}=="64"
    ATTRS{local_cpus}=="00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000003"
    ATTRS{device}=="0x2822"
    ATTRS{enable}=="1"
    ATTRS{msi_bus}=="1"
    ATTRS{local_cpulist}=="0-1"
    ATTRS{vendor}=="0x8086"
    ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x020d"
    ATTRS{numa_node}=="-1"
    ATTRS{d3cold_allowed}=="1"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00':
    KERNELS=="pci0000:00"
    SUBSYSTEMS==""
    DRIVERS==""


For the indicator sound menu to work correctly you need to ensure that the MPRIS plugin is enabled:

Move you mouse to the top of the screen and choose the Edit menu and its Plugin submenu.  Tick the option shown.

If you cannot see the MPRIS D-Bus Interface plugin then it is likely that you do not have the rhythmbox-plugins package installed.

In a terminal type:

sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugins


Open /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf file from your terminal using the following command

gksudo gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

Add the following line

allow-guest=false

Save and exit the file. Restart the machine.


Switching desktop managers from the command line

how can I find gdm or some equivalent that runs on 18.04

gdm3 is the package you want. There are also other display managers that offer switching of sessions such as lightdm which is a lightweight alternative to GNOME's gdm3 and KDE's sddm.

Also lightdm allows switching of the default session from the CLI which you could automate via a script when you log into the Ubuntu session.


May be off topic for you. Can you add it via Synaptic Package manager.


Unity pulldown menu highlight shadow stuck permanently on after selecting Help and Tools in Firefox

I finally figured out with xwininfo that this artefact was the responsibility of unity-panel-service:

$ xwininfo

xwininfo: Please select the window about which you
          would like information by clicking the
          mouse in that window.

xwininfo: Window id: 0x10c2495 "unity-panel-service"

  Absolute upper-left X:  387
  Absolute upper-left Y:  24
  Relative upper-left X:  387
  Relative upper-left Y:  24
  Width: 42
  Height: 200
  Depth: 32
  Visual: 0x5e
  Visual Class: TrueColor
  Border width: 0
  Class: InputOutput
  Colormap: 0x100000a (not installed)
  Bit Gravity State: NorthWestGravity
  Window Gravity State: NorthWestGravity
  Backing Store State: NotUseful
  Save Under State: yes
  Map State: IsViewable
  Override Redirect State: yes
  Corners:  +387+24  -595+24  -595-544  +387-544
  -geometry 42x200+387+24

I then did pgrep unity-panel (to check it was running) and pkill unity-panel (to relaunch it), and that fixed it; it's gone now.

That said, I am not averse to hearing more information on what caused this weird bug. Does it still make sense to report it somewhere else, despite 16.04 LTS being an older version and despite Ubuntu moving away from Unity?


It is very dangerous to run VScode as root (as it is any other application) however, should you absolutely need to:
You must specify the user data directory to use when running vs code:
sudo code --user-data-dir="~/.vscode-root"

Then from the window you can open your project folder
Again: This is not recommended. Have fun.
Update May 2018
For everyone asking why this isn't recommended, you clearly don't understand why sudo even exists. From this AskUbuntu Question:

It defeats the security model that's been in place for years. Applications are meant to be run with non-administrative security (or as mere mortals) so you have to elevate their privileges to modify the underlying system. For example, you wouldn't want that recent crash of Rhythmbox to wipe out your entire /usr directory due to a bug. Or that vulnerability that was just posted in ProFTPD to allow an attacker to gain a ROOT shell.
It's just good practice on any operating system to run your applications on a user level and leave administrative tasks to the root user, and only on a per-need basis.

I'm not saying that you should never use VSCode as root(though its pretty easy to avoid doing) I'm saying you should be careful when you want to do so and know the risks.
The absolute best thing to do to is make a copy of a restricted file, edit it, and copy it back when you're absolutely sure it's finished.
Also for editing files to which your user does not have permissions, I would now recommend Talha Junaid's answer which asks for permissions every single time you want to save a file. The prompt for root access did not exist when I wrote this answer.


How do I install this patched b43 driver?

First make sure you don't have any b43 drivers install in your machine... use software center and search b43 if there are any uninstall it

compat-wireless: go to Linux Wireless and download compat-wireless-2.6.tar.bz2
the latest version of bw43-fwcutter (version 015)
Broadcom's proprietary driver to extract the firmware

all files can be stored in -home-youruser-downloads....

Extract with nautilus this tree files....

Next, enable the b43 driver.

$ cd compat-wireless-2011-11-04
$ scripts/driver-select b43

Make sure PHY_HT is enabled. In the file config.mk, the following line should be present and uncommented:

sudo nano config.mk

...

CONFIG_B43_PHY_HT=y

...

Compile and install the driver:

$ make
$ sudo make install
$ cd ..

compile b43-fwcutter:

$ cd b43-fwcutter-015
$ make

the firmware:

$ export FIRMWARE_INSTALL_DIR="/lib/firmware"
$ sudo ./b43-fwcutter -w "$FIRMWARE_INSTALL_DIR"  /home/YOURUSER/Downloads/broadcom-wl-5.100.138/linux/wl_apsta.o
$ cd ..

Unload all modules related to wireless and make sure ndiswrapper is not loaded:

$ cd compat-wireless-2011-11-04
$ sudo make wlunload
$ sudo rmmod ndiswrapper

add to line at the end of the file :

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

...

blacklist ndiswrapper

...

To be sure that none of the old modules are still loaded, it is probably best to reboot the system. Now you should be able to load and use the freshly compiled b43 module:

$ sudo modprobe b43

You might want to add b43 to the list of modules which are loaded on startup (at the moment, the module is not automatically loaded). For Ubuntu, add this line at the end of the file :

sudo nano /etc/modules

...

b43

...

The driver does not play nice with suspend and hibernate. It is necessary to unload the module before putting the laptop to sleep and to reload it after wakeup. For Ubuntu, it is sufficient to create the file (or append to the file)

sudo /etc/pm/config.d/default

...

SUSPEND_MODULES="b43"

...

NOTE: that after every kernel update you will have to recompile the module for the new kernel:

$ cd compat-wireless-2011-11-04
$ make clean
$ make
$ sudo make install

P.S : Is like the original post i only adapt extension of the configuration file because there are missing, fix other things and error....


How to fix Microsoft ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server : SSL Provider ssl_choose_client_version:unsupported protocol

The reason might be that your current openssl doesn't support / turned off some ciphers (supported by your previous installation) and the server requires them.
Just compare output:
nmap --script ssl-enum-ciphers localhost
nmap --script ssl-enum-ciphers <DB SERVER IP>

Solution:
try to install a new version of openssl (>1.1.1f) manually.
I upgraded from 1.1.1f to 1.1.1h and it solved my problems, no extra configuration required. I also read similar cases with 18.04 -> 20.04 and 1.1.1f which affected other guys.
The manual installation looks like:
wget https://www.openssl.org/source/latest.tar.gz -O openssl-1.1.1h.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1h.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.1.1h
./config
make
sudo make install
openssl version
sudo ldconfig

Hope, this will help


From the error message, it seems that the ruby-dev package is missing. Try:

sudo apt-get install ruby1.8-dev

Hope it helps.


A broken Wubi has been detected. Ubuntu is unable to boot from hard disk

If you boot from drive that is sdc or the 120GB drive does not grub boot Ubuntu?

You also should use advanced options in Boot-Repair and restore a Windows boot loader to sda. That should boot the Windows in sda if that is a bootable Windows.

On sdc use gparted to move boot flag from sdc8 to sdc1. Windows uses boot flag to know what partition to boot, what partition to repair to what partition to istall into. So boot flag needs to be on primary NTFS partition with Windows. Grub does not use boot flag. And if booting with grub you do not have to have boot flag on sdc1, but if you need to repair it or install a Windows  boot loader you will need boot flag on sdc1.

If you have any data in wubi you want to save, back that up. Otherwise in both sda1 & sdc1 delete wubi.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wubi


To give appropriate advice facts are neccessary, results of commands are needed. Saying "it doesn't work" makes sense to you but we can't see what you are seeing. I'm sure you understand what I mean.
The output of xrandr is the usual starting point for us to get an understanding of your configuration. If the command gives an error, that too maybe vital information.


Touchscreen (RS232) with 14.04 Unity Desktop

I just used this site to download xinput_calibrator in the 'Touchscreen Input Calibrator" paragraph. Downloaded on my Panasonic CF-19 with Ubuntu 14.04 and WOW! It works much better than the Toughbook factory installed calibrator in Windows 7!  I'm still new to Linux so I'm using the GUI, and I will be using the stylus on this thing far more than I ever did with Windows...  Forget Windows, this OS is superior!

http://toughbook.wikispaces.com/Linux+on+a+CF-19

Now I just need to find a download that lets me bring up my virtual keyboard (the one I never used with windows cause it was never this accurate)...


Which tab is currently selected in Terminator?

It depends on GTK3
You'll find what you are asking for here

You'll need to edit these for the active tab, in your file ~/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css

for background : .terminator-terminal-window notebook tab:checked
for font : .terminator-terminal-window notebook tab:checked label

I think you will need to restart gnome-shell to force it to reload GTK css
ALT + F2 ; then run r

(correct me if I'm wrong)

This also figures in the Arch Wiki


Video output only in live Usb and recovery

Thanks for the answers! Tried GA version of 20.04, but didn't work, tried 18.04 but no luck, and finally tried experimental drivers but again it didn't work.
Installed Debian latest version through netinstall and it worked out of the box. I think that's because default debian doesn't install proprietary microcode for the GPU, which is a good thing in my case. Maybe this weekend I'll try to see if installing proprietary ATI code is what breaks the system. Anyway, with proprietary drivers not installed I have an output at full monitor resolution and for Google meet, YouTube and distance learning in general, it's very good. In intensive applications I'm sure taht I'll take a hit in performances, but it's very old anyway, and that is not the purpose of this machine.
Not sure if this can be considered an answer or is merely workaround, but for anyone that has this card (or a card of this generation) maybe can be helpful.


How to get pianobar working with tor and polipo

Turns out the solution was simple - just use 127.0.0.1 instead of localhost.

So the config file now looks like:

control_proxy = http://127.0.0.1:8118/
user = <my username>
password = <my password>

From looking at strace output, it seems that the problem has something to do with IPv6, but I haven't investigated further.


same here.

I think something went wrong while migrating from upstart to systemd in the installation process?

i will describe how i fixed it

Following this guide i enabled systemd networking:
http://xmodulo.com/switch-from-networkmanager-to-systemd-networkd.html

Steps i did:

$ sudo systemctl enable systemd-networkd
$ sudo systemctl enable systemd-resolved
$ sudo systemctl start systemd-resolved
$ sudo rm /etc/resolv.conf
$ sudo ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
$ sudo vi /etc/systemd/network/20-dhcp.network

Content:

[Match]
Name=e*

[Network]
DHCP=yes

Now everything is working fine :-)


Fixed by disabling secure boot from the terminal following this guide :
METHOD 2
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UEFI/SecureBoot/DKMS


SYSTEMD-FSTAB-GENERATOR unit service not starting

The /etc/fstab line seems incomplete. There's nothing denoting the file system that is in use, nor is there an auto flag. I believe the line should look something like this:
//remote/folder /mnt/local_folder cifs auto,x-systemd.automount,uid=user,gid=user,file_mode=0755,dir_mode=0755,ro 0 0

Note: Be sure to change cifs location to a different file system such as smbfs or whatnot if you are not using cifs.
After saving the file, you will likely need to reload the daemon:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Then finally restart the remote and local file system targets:
sudo systemctl restart remote-fs.target
sudo systemctl restart local-fs.target

With this, the remote device should be mounted as a read-only location and be active across reboots.


How do I install and select cursor themes?

Installing the theme is pretty simple. Simply extract the folder in the archive to ~/.icons (the ~/ represents your home folder, and .icons is a hidden directory).

Then, install Ubuntu-Tweak from here: https://launchpad.net/~tualatrix/+archive/next, and use that to change your cursor theme.


I placed the file myapp-xxx.xml in /usr/share/mime/packages/ (instead of /usr/share/mime/application/)

Running  sudo update-mime-database /usr/share/mime did not remove my xml file...

Running mimetype -a Desktop/abcd.xxx showed

Desktop/abcd.xxx: application/myapp-xxx
Desktop/abcd.xxx: application/octet-stream

Thank you Elder Geek for the resource.


MacBook Pro early 2008 model wont boot into Linux install

Hi thanks @wxl for all the help I have figured it out i just need to boot into the installer with noacpi nosplash nomodeset, and have rEFInd preinstalled fixed all the problems i was have getting into the live session and graphical installer.
So far I've tested and had success with mint, kubuntu, ubuntu, and manjaro.
Thanks Wolve_Saint


Error at to Install nvidia drivers in Asus ROG G553VD

GCC is a C compiler. You can install it by running sudo apt install gcc in Terminal.


Ubuntu 14.04 64bit - 'GStreamer ffmpeg video plugin' problem

Doug McMahon has a launchpad PPA for Ubuntu Multimedia for Trusty here where you can view the packages he has available.

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:mc3man/trusty-media

and

sudo apt-get update

after that do

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mp3 gstreamer0.10-gnonlin gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly totem-plugins-extra gstreamer-tools ubuntu-restricted-extras libxine1-ffmpeg gxine mencoder mpeg2dec vorbis-tools id3v2 mpg321 mpg123 libflac++6 totem-mozilla icedax tagtool easytag id3tool lame nautilus-script-audio-convert libmad0 libjpeg-progs flac faac faad sox ffmpeg2theora libmpeg2-4 uudeview flac libmpeg3-1 mpeg3-utils mpegdemux liba52-0.7.4-dev libquicktime2


Windows 7, Xubuntu 12.10 and Ubuntu 13.04 triple-double boot :)

In general this isn't a problem, but there are some things to keep in mind:

If you are using a MBR partition table, and already have four primary partitions, you won't be able to create a new partition (except for partitions inside an extended partition).
The system  from which you are installing your bootloader, will be first in the GRUB menu. Additionally you have to update the bootloader after every kernel update that happened in the system which isn't at the top of the boot menu. (You update your bootloader with sudo update-grub and you can reinstall it with sudo  grub-install /dev/sdX where X is the drive to install your bootloader to (in most cases it's an 'a'))


Thanks to @George I found a workaround.
I added nohup systemctl restart networking & to my /etc/rc.local now after booting up it restarts the network properly and I can reach the server from both networks.


adding swap to grub and speed up ubuntu boot page

Step #1

edit /etc/fstab in terminal, type...

gksudo gedit /etc/fstab
to include this...

# swap was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=e7ec9aca-902f-4ae9-82be-0ebde434513b  none  swap  sw  0  0

save an quit gedit
still in terminal, type...

swapon -a
reboot

Step #2

after reboot, in terminal, type...

swapon
free -h


Ubuntu: problem of display but cannot install Nvidia driver (login loop)

I've had the exact same issue(or symptoms). You might have an issue with permissions on the .Xauthority-file in your home directory. Also, if you are going to use the nvidia-drivers - you should uninstall the nouveau-driver(s).

Log in to a shell (Alt+Ctrl+F1) and chown youruser:yourgroup .Xauthority Also, check permissions on .Xauthority. They should be -rw-------.

Also, creating a new user and logging into it will most likely give you a working xsession.


How to set up HVR-2250 TV card in Ubuntu 12.10

I just picked up 2 of these cards for my linux box and ran into the same issue. however all is not lost. ~Pending on what version of Ubuntu you are running ( I am running 12.10 studio version) the command is quite easy and should work with any *buntu distro 8.10 and up.

Download the firmware file from this link:
http://www.steventoth.net/linux/hvr22xx/firmwares/4019072/NXP7164-2010-03-10.1.fw

after you download that folder change to the directory that your download is in (/home/

Copy the firmware file to the firmware directory

sudo cp NXP7164-2010-03-10.1.fw /lib/firmware

then, reload the saa7164 module:

sudo rmmod saa7164
sudo modprobe saa7164


What is snapcrafters and what does it mean if it is listed as the developer of some apps on Ubuntu Software?

The “Snapcrafters” are a group of community contributors working to
  get snaps published by upstream projects, with install instructions on
  the project homepage and the snapcraft.yaml in the project code
  repository.

Source: https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/join-snapcrafters/1325


Do you mean you get into text console after boot up? Try to login and type startx - it should get you to graphical environment. Its a temporal solution, if it works.

May be something wrong with greeter, if above runs fine, try reinstall it: sudo apt-get --reinstall install gdm3
Also do run sudo systemctl enable graphical.target


Cannot login after update ubuntu 12.04 . ICEauthority error message

How to fix .ICEauthority

Lifted from this post.

First you need to boot into recovery mode. If Ubuntu is the only system installed on your computer you need to hold Shift-Key while booting.

Select the "recovery mode"-entry which is usually the second one.

Select "root  Drop to root shell prompt".
Enter mount -o rw,remount / to make your system writeable

Repairing

Go to your home folder. Change USERNAME with you actual username:

cd /home/USERNAME

Check if .ICEAuthority is owned by you

ls -al .ICEauthority

If it isn't (like it is owned by root) change it to you. As above change USERNAME with you actual username:

sudo chown USERNAME:USERNAME .ICEauthority

If you there is no such file you need to recreate it. Change USERNAME yada yada ... :

touch .ICEauthority
sudo chown USERNAME:USERNAME .ICEauthority
sudo chmod 600 .ICEauthority

Type

reboot

to reboot your system.

Probale cause

You probably ran a graphical application with sudo as explained here.


"The created USB device will not boot off a Mac."

Mac OS requires that you have an OSX install on the USB media in order to boot from it.  I don't particularly care for this practice, but it is true.  See the previous post on the matter here.


Loop terminal command for combining PNG to GIF animation

If I understand correctly, if you have mypgrogram that outputs the list of filenames, you should be able to simply do

convert -delay 10 -loop 0 $(myprogram) animation.gif

The $(...) operator is a bash shell operation that runs the indicated command and then replaces itself with the output (more or less... the shell is a quite powerful tool).


The list of ports can be found here: Communication | MAAS documentation.
Rack/region
Each rack controller must be able to initiate TCP connections on the following ports:
Port(s)            Description
5240               HTTP communication with each region controller.
                   Note that port 80 is typically used in high-
                   availability environments. See MAAS HA.
5241 - 5247        Reserved for internal MAAS services.
5248               Reserved for rack HTTP communication.
5250 - 5270        Reserved for region workers (RPC).


How to install gloobus preview on 12.10?

Well, Ubuntu Precise users can install it by simply running the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gloobus-dev/gloobus-preview
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gloobus-preview gloobus-sushi

If you want to enable to open LibreOffice or OpenOffice documents with Gloobus Preview, install this additional package:

sudo apt-get install unoconv

If you want to install it offline... you can download the deb from the following link
http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/package/gloobus-dev_gloobus_preview/quantal/main/base/gloobus-preview


How to safely uninstall alternative package version?

Have you tried sudo apt-get remove s3tc? If it remove following package then remove that ppa that you added for this particular software. I think its a piece of graphics card software. What graphic card you are using?


Sharing drives/folders in a family - but in different households?

Bastion/Jump host

You can configure one of your hosts on your LAN as a jump host or ssh bastion.  Your brother will ssh directly to this host, and from there he can ssh to the rest of your network from this machine.  He can also copy files into and out of your network with SCP to and from this host, then move them around as needed.

A Good Bastion Host Article

Connectivity options

public IP - you can attach a public/floating IP address through your ISP to your router to allow connections in.  You can also set up a cloud instance somewhere with a floating IP address and use tis as your bastion host instead.  Maybe $30/month for an instance that you can use for other things too. It will probably be more expensive to get a public V4IP from your ISP.  Once this is set up you can use a VPN like openvpn (very cheap and reliable) from both sites to this host to essentially turn it onto a router between private networks.

OpenVPN Site 2 Site
IPv6 - Depending on your ISP you may already be running dual stack, or IPv4 AND IPv6 at the same time.  While your IPv4 address is private and dynamic, your IPv6 address is likely associated with your account since the entire point of IPv6 was to address the fact that the world is out of IPv4 public addresses and allows everyone to have a unique address for every device.  Since you mentioned you are using DSL this is probably not available to you.  If you are running dual stack however, you already have a V6 unique address, and should be able to provide access with port forwarding via the address of your router as long as your ISP is allowing v6 through it's internet gateway back to your router.  This is an option, but you may find that this takes a huge amount of effort to get going, and may not even be possible.

Ubuntu IPv6 VPN Tutorial
Hamachi - (logmein.com) provides tools for doing things like this and doesnt cost much. his is definitely worth taking a look if you want to set it and forget it for a nominal fee.  They are essentially managing the aforementioned VPN setup for you and keeping it alive.  It works well if you dont mind paying for a solution, although there is some basic functionality that may work for you using their free components.

Hamachi Site 2 Site Tutorial
DynDNS - This is wizardry to me, but you are essentially bridging your gateway device to a static name from any point on the internet and allowing traffic through your gateway using a name and a route instead of a public IP address. You register this name with a 3rd party server/service to advertise the dynamic connection back to you since you are initiating a connection to this 3rd party endpoint and allowing traffic to be translated back in to your network.  Be careful with this type of setup as you are essentially opening up your LAN to the world and stand a good chance of being bothered over time by would be attackers.

OpenSwan VPN Tutorial

Security

Be sure you are running some type of firewall between yourself and the world.  The firewall on your LAN machines shoudl be considered secondary to a firewall on your gateway and shoudl not be the only layer of security.  THis can be a machine acting as a firewall between your gateway and the rest of your LAN, or at the very least a list of disabled ports and protocols on your gateway device.

Ubuntu as a Gateway Router/Firewall Tutorial

One other thing I would note, if you are using DSL you can expect your connections to fail periodically.  DSL has ADHD and should drop on you once a day or so. Be sure to set up something via cron to "kick" your connection if it does down, or your brother will be calling you every time he needs access for you to reset your modem.

Happy Hunting!


The questioner @Stewart Kluss's Chrome browser version 70.0.3538.77 had audio issues, so the suggestion was to upgrade chrome to the latest version 73.0.3683.86.
I installed chrome 73.0.3683.86 and audio worked!

The installation Procedure for Google Chrome Browser 64-bit version 73.0.3683.86.
Step-1: First, add (if not added already) the Google Chrome repository on your system using the following command. While using PPA to our system we also receive the latest updates whenever you check for system updates.
$ wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -

Now add the PPA url to the /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list file as per Ubuntu system architecture.
$ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list'

Step-2: Install or Upgrade Google Chrome
After adding Google Chrome repository in our system use following commands to install the latest Google Chrome stable release. If you already have installed an older version, It will upgrade currently installed version with recent stable version.
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install google-chrome-stable

Step-3: Verify version
$ google-chrome --version

Figure-1: Google Chrome latest version 73.0.3683.86
you will see the output will be Google Chrome 73.0.3683.86.
Step-4: Launch Google Chrome
After completing step-3 the Google Chrome has been installed successfully on your system. Finally issue command to see Chrome browser:
$ google-chrome-stable &
Note: You can also access Chrome browser through Gnome dash and double-click chrome browser shortcut.


Resolved by changing the arguments being passed, as found unrar after further research is notorious for causing CRC errors on multi-part files.

for f in `find /media/michaelh/grill-g/video/to_sort -wholename *.rar`
  do
    rar x -kb -inul $f
done

replacing e for x -kb overcame the CRC errors, and didn't remove the files once completed.


What broke Firefox? After upgrade to 14.04 Firefox plugin-container eats 179% CPU

I have solution.

Open firefox and type into url - "about:config" (without "") and press enter.

After what, on the page that appears with the warning, click the "I promise I'll be careful!" (or another "promise" :)).

On opened page with mozilla settings looked for a "dom.ipc.plugins.enabled" (without "") (use the filter on top).

All founded options set to "false" (just double click on each option).

Then restart firefox.


Availability of classic snap for Ubuntu Core 18

Your mileage may vary, but the thread linked below has answers to this question, precisely.

How to get snappy enable-classic?

However, unless you are interested in doing a lot of package building, I would consider using classic core16 until classic core18 is fully vetted on the system.  Core16 will run just fine in classic mode.  If you're not yet at the point where you're trying to go Beta with a release image, might be easier to just do it this way.

Update:
I just tried on a dragonboard, and it seems like core18 classic snap is no longer available for dragonboard.  Quite a shame.


Duplicity restore fails, claiming "disk full", even if there is still much room

duplicity writes restores into the assigned temp folder. to restore a file it needs at least 2 times it's size, when there are incrementals. that is because internally it restores the oldest version then uses librsync to rebuild the next version based on that with the diff info avail and so on until the requested date is restored, then the file will be moved to the target file system.

simply set duplicity TEMPDIR to a file system that has ample of space and you will be set.

..ede/duply.net


Can't start up pc after trying to instal ubuntu

Ok, you can uninstall it in WINDOWS Install/Unsinstall Programs Option, since WUBI installer for UBUNTU is like an application same as other programs. Just click uninstall UBUNTU" and follow the steps. It will also change you boot.ini options since you install ubuntu alongside with your current operating system "WINDOWS 7 or 8".


How do I set Unity launcher to auto hide

Open System Settings.
Click on Appearance.
In the "Behaviour" tab, enable "Auto-hide the Launcher"


Script run fine in terminal, but not able to run through task scheduler

Because import command capture some or all of an X server screen, this means that it takes actions on your screen/display, so, when you use it in a task scheduler or in a cron job or something similar, you must to set first the value of DISPLAY environment variable to :0.0. See Graphical desktop-related variables for more info.

So, your script should look like:

#!/bin/bash
#Take screenshot
export DISPLAY=:0
import -window root $HOME/screenshot.png
#Move to dropbox folder
mv $HOME/screenshot.png $HOME/$(date|tr " :" _).png

Don't forget to make the script executable, using the following command:

chmod +x /path/to/script_name


Kubuntu 11.04 + Windows 7 dual boot laptop drive encryption

I fixed the above issue and now I have what I want. The issue was caused because I gave my /boot partition the "boot" flag. After giving the "boot" flag back to the encrypted Win7 partition, everything worked as intended by the developers.

Here are my exact steps, if anyone wants to create a similar setup:

Create 4 partitions with GParted (500GB Hard Drive)

100GB NTFS - Windows - Must have the "boot" flag
1GB   ext4 - /boot
50GB  empty - Kubuntu, LVM inside encrypted partition
349GB NTFS - SHARED

Install Windows 7 to the first partition
Encrypt the system partition with TrueCrypt, burn the Recovery Disk(not needed,but good for recovery)
Install Kubuntu 11.04 from ALTERNATE CD/ or Desktop DVD(Text Mode)

Make an encrypted volume in the 50GB partition.
Setup a LVM in the encrypted volume.
Make 2 logical volumes inside a logical group - 2/4GB swap, and remaining for /
Set the 1GB partition as /boot, DO NOT GIVE IT the "boot" flag
Install GRUB to /boot partition (/dev/sda2 in this case) DO NOT OVERWRITE the MBR.

When installation is done, restart the computer
On boot, TrueCrypt bootloader will load, enter password to boot into Windows.
Press Esc and the GRUB menu will be shown, passphrase will be required to unlock the Kubuntu partition.

To mount the SHARED partition:
In Windows: Open TrueCrypt as Administrator and add the SHARED partition as a "System Favorite" - the partition must use the same password as the Windows partition.
This will auto-mount the partition on Windows start-up FOR ALL USERS!!!

In Kubuntu: Open TrueCrypt and mount the SHARED partition. It will appear under /media/truecrypt* where * is the slot number in TrueCrypt. I am using NTFS for my SHARED partition and it works just fine under Kubuntu.

I hope this is helpful to someone...


You can add shade in dconf editor:

Go to org -> gwd -> mouse-wheel-action
change value to shade.

However, the cool animation is missing.  The window just collapses into the title bar, looks amateurish. Does anyone know if there is a way to get the smooth shade animation back?


Updating to 14.04.1 LTS broke netatalk mounts

It's a bug in libpam-smbpass. You can get rid of it, the only thing it does is that it forces sync between the samba and unix password on login:

sudo apt-get remove libpam-smbpass
sudo service netatalk restart

And you're golden again.


There is one planned that will possibly also have weather as well, but it is still being worked on at the moment :-)

http://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-shell-list/2012-January/msg00006.html

http://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-shell-list/2012-February/msg00075.html

See this for later releases: Clocks for multiple timezones in GNOME Shell


Ubuntu 18.10 (Guest VirtualBox) - black screen after install Guest Additions and reboot

I had the same issue, worked around it by disabling 3D acceleration in the VM settings.


I want index.php should be hide in the Website's URL

I think you should set DirectoryIndex directive in Apache config or in local .htaccess.

Standard installation of apache2 on 16.04 LTS has the following

file /etc/apache2/mods-available/dir.conf contains

DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi index.pl index.php index.xhtml index.htm

This will hide index.php from URL (you will see http://servername/dir/ instead of http://servername/dir/index.php).

In addition you may add the following lines to the .htaccess file

RewriteEngine on
# index.php -> /
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^.*/index.php
RewriteRule ^(.*)index.php$ http://servername/$1 [R=301,L]

This example will redirect http://servername/index.php to http://servername/.


Computer shutdown while upgrading ubuntu (Partition)

Just boot Ubuntu from a Stick, save your data and reinstall it.

Or use chroot to fix your system: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCdRecovery.


Just follow this guide - http://www.noobslab.com/2014/04/macbuntu-1404-pack-is-released.html it shows more than just the Macbuntu theme, including the login screen, Mac OS X in top left corner, etc.


PyDev not found in Eclipse Kepler Eclipse says it's correctly installed

I have the same problem and configurations as yours. After switch to Java v1.7 using

sudo update-alternatives --config java

First you might not see PyDev perspective but just import/create a Python project and it works.


In your wireless script, we see several access points named 'TELENETHOMESPOT' and your wireless device is disconnecting and reconnecting to roam from one to the other. At the time you ran the script, you were connected to one with signal strength of 46. There is another nearby with signal strength 49. I suggest you ask Network Manager to bind to it as here: Ubuntu connect drops. Worked for a while then started dropping again

Also, I suggest that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit. Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Next, I'd set IPv6 to Ignore in Network Manager: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/18/html/Installation_Guide/images/netconfig/network-connections-ipv6-ignore.png  This example is for ethernet, but you want wireless.

If these changes do not help, please try:

sudo -i
echo "options ath9k nohwcrypt=1  >  /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf
modprobe -r ath9k
modprobe ath9k
exit


How do you automatically rfkill unblock all on startup?

You can add your command in the file /etc/rc.local (before the exit 0) or create a startup script and put it in /etc/init.d


gcc6 onwards generates fpic code by default  because of the way it's compiled in ubuntu. To disable this behaviour use the fno-pic flag as follows:

gcc -pg -mfentry -mnop-mcount -fno-pic -o hello hello.c


Where is the Mozilla Firefox cache located?

Cache is the regular cache backend.
Cache2 is a new cache backend since Firefox 27 and onwards.
OfflineCache is the offline cache from which a resource is essentially loaded first and then it is checked if it is still fresh.
startupCache is a sort of fastload feature.

All of these are capable of holding pieces of website data.


mysql login to root account with unix socket

Assuming that your root MySQL user has unix_socket authentication enabled, then NO; a non-root, non-sudo user can NOT access your MySQL root user account at all.

If someone can get root (Linux user) access to your machine, then they can access your MySQL root user account, regardless of which authentication method you use. E.g. the root user can (re)start MySQL with authentication disabled and log in with no authentication at all.

So using the unix_socket authentication method does NOT make your MySQL setup any less secure, just more convenient. It could actually be argued that it makes it more secure because regardless of how you configure MySQL, the root user can only connect via localhost - no root user remote connections are allowed. Note that in this context, a direct connection to localhost counts as localhost; e.g. via SSH.

Using a password instead (which BTW, can be done if you wish) gives NO real advantages. Unless of course you wish to allow the root user to connect remotely (NOT recommended).

BTW, with unix_socket authentication enabled, from the root (Linux user) account you can start the MySQL shell (as the root MySQL user by simply running:

mysql

AFAIK that should also work from a sudoer user account too. I.e.:

sudo mysql


Unity system details shows that my driver is Unknown, is there a way to fix this?

installing mesa-utils worked

  sudo apt-get install mesa-utils .


All drivers work perfectly when using 'Try Ubuntu', but wireless breaks after installation

Try with installing Common wifi device drivers containing package :

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree


How to upgrade dtc version in ubuntu 18.04?

Download device-tree-compiler_1.4.7-1_amd64.deb on AMD64 machines.
Double-click device-tree-compiler_1.4.7-1_amd64.deb to open it for installation in Ubuntu Software or open the terminal and change directories using cd to the directory containing device-tree-compiler_1.4.7-1_amd64.deb and install it with this command:

sudo apt install ./device-tree-compiler_1.4.7-1_amd64.deb


The PATH variable is used in lots of operations, reading it from a file would have a huge cost. And because every process has its own environmental variables it would mean one file for every process. It is easy to see why it is not stored on the drive.


Error initializing NSS when trying to launch Google Chrome

I ran into a similar issue when upgrading Kubuntu from 12.04 to 14.04.  I found the following AskUbuntu post helpful; Google Chrome on Ubuntu 14.04 Desktop Can't Running, Error initializing NSS with a persistent database

In short, run the following commands.

sudo apt-get install libnss3-nssdb
sudo apt install libnss3=2:3.15.4-1ubuntu7

In addition, I had to run the following command after getting errors that I was running an older version of Chromium than my profile was created for (most likely referring the the version of libnss3).  You may have to restore bookmarks and other settings after running this command.

mv ~/.config/chromium/ chromium_bkup-nss-issue


How to install Equilzer Presets in Audacious in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

If you do not yet have presets for Equalizer in Audacious, then you will need to create some. The option "Output" - "Equalizer" reveals the "Equalizer" dialog. Tune the equalizer to your liking. You can then save the setting using the "Presets" button. This opens the "Equalizer Presets" dialog. Type a name for your preset, then click "Save preset". This is how you set and get presets for Equalizer in Audacious.
You can also export presets one at a time to separate files, or import a previously exported file by clicking the "Import" or "Export" options in the menu of the "Equalizer Presets" dialog.
Presets in your instance of Audacity are stored as a single text file ~/.config/audacious/eq.preset. You could edit that file directly to add presets, but then you should be very careful to adhere to the correct format and structure of the file.


To change to a directory that has a space in the name enclose the name in double quotes or use Idea*

Example:

cd "Idea Net Setter"

or

cd Idea*

The latter would work only if there was only one directory starting with Idea.


Add plain html Podcast-Link (no xml / rss) to gpodder

It seems that gpodder has issues with some language encodings. It cannot create valid folder name for some feeds, so files cannot be downloaded to a non-existent folder.

It appears that gPodder stores podcast-feeds info in a file named ~/gpodder/Database

You can edit this file and make needed corrections for failed transfers with DB Browser for SQL Lite For Ubuntu you can download the source

For Ubuntu if you want the latest version you'll need to compile it following the instructions included in the BUILDING.md file in the archive. This is fairly straightforward and instructions are reproduced and clarified here.

1) Make sure the build-essential, cmake, libqt4-dev and libsqlite3-dev
       packages are installed with the command sudo apt-get install build-essential&&apt-get install&&apt-get install cmake&&apt-get install libqt4-dev&&apt-get install libsqlite3-dev

2) Download the DB Browser for SQLite source code

3) Extract the tarball to the directory of your choice

4) Open a terminal in the source code directory WhereYouExtracted/sqlitebrowser-3.9.1/src/

5) Execute the following commands:

$ bash
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake ..
$ make
$ sudo make install

This process should complete without errors, resulting in  a binary file called 'sqlitebrowser'

Alternatively there is also a PPA here with recent versions available for Trusty through Yakkety.

Sources:

https://superuser.com/questions/540511/gpodder-cannot-download-podcasts-for-some-feeds

https://bugs.gpodder.org

http://sqlitebrowser.org/

https://launchpad.net/~linuxgndu/+archive/ubuntu/sqlitebrowser

https://github.com/gpodder/gpodder/issues


lubuntu 12.10 usb drive stop connections after software update, screen resolution also not working well

A persistent Live USB is not a full install. Software updates may fail because there may not be enough space in the USB. Doing extensive modification to the OS in a persistent USB may give you unintended results. I recommend a full install in USB as described in How do I Install Lubuntu 12.04 on a USB drive (the full installation)?

To do a full install on a USB, you will need a media to install from. This can be a (persistent) Live USB or a Live DVD.

A few things to remember:

If you use a Live USB to install from, you will need a second USB
to install to. In other words, you cannot use just one USB.
The USB for full install needs to be at least 8GB, preferably more. A
full install takes more space than a persistent live USB. Then
updates and personal data will take even more space.
If you use 2 USBs and the computer has a working hard disk(s). It is
very important not to get confused between these things while
installation. A full installation in the target USB will erase
everything in that USB. If you target a hard drive instead of the
right USB, you will lose all the data in that hard drive!

Hope this helps.


Monitor detection stopped working in Ubuntu Studio 20.04

[Solved]  It turns out my suspicion may have been correct - I discovered the system was missing the file edid-decode, and after I installed it, the monitor was detected correctly again.


Desktop notification is freedesktop standard (using dbus). See Desktop Notifications Specification. It should be a easy to replace.

The following procedure works for me in Ubuntu 14.04:

Rename  razor-notificationd

sudo mv /usr/bin/razor-notificationd /usr/bin/razor-notificationd.orig

Make a symbolic link to notify-osd (to replace razor-notificationd)

For 64bit edition:

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/notify-osd /usr/bin/razor-notificationd

For 32bit edition:

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/notify-osd /usr/bin/razor-notificationd

Kill its running daemon.

pkill -f razor-notificationd

Check using:

Razor Configuration Center → Razor Notification Configuration → Click "Test Notification" button

Notification using razor-notificationd (Before)

Notification using notify-osd (After)


VMWare: File system is critically low on free space and VMWARE Player paused because disk is too full

The partition that your virtual machine is stored in /dev/nvme0n1p2 has 52GB of free space left.  The VMDK file storing your VM is currently 69GB, but can grow by another 70GB.  It must be assumed that this is a sparse disk image, and that it will enlarge itself as required.  It will however currently grow past the physical size that you have available for it.
Potential solutions would include:

Adding disk space to your physical machine - this would involve adding another SSD or HDD to your machine to allow for a larger VM to be run

Reducing the maximum size that the VM disk is allowed to consume.  As a Windows device, you would need to first shrink the partition within Windows, and then use VMWare tools to shrink the disk image file.  You may require a temporary disk, such as a USB disk, to allow for additional storage while shrinking the VMDK file.

On the perceived speed of the disk:  Neither the ext4 file system or the SSD work well when close to full.


Updating VirtualBox and VirtualBox Guest Additions from 6.04 to 6.06 fixed the issue.

Edit: It appears the issue is not fixed. The video freezing seems to happen after locking the host and logging back in, so it's likely a VirtualBox bug/issue and not anything to do with Ubuntu or Firefox


How can I map Super + UpArrow to PageUp?

try editing your /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc keyboard definition

(this will change your bindings globally, if you want something more fine tuned, there is some more work to do, like creating a custom keymap or a custom variant)

as you can see here:

key  {        [  Prior                ]       };
key  {        [  Next                 ]       };

as you can see the key PGUP is bound to "Prior". While:

 key  {        [  Left                 ]       };
 key  {        [  Down                 ]       };

LEFT and DOWN keys are bound to "Left" and "Down".

The part between brackets [ ] is a list of symbols to be generated. You can put more than one. The first one is the symbol associated with the unmodified key, while other positions are for symbols associated with the key + some modifier.

Commonly it's used to define the behavior of the key plus the "SHIFT" modifier:

  key  {        [         l,    L               ]       };
  key  {        [ semicolon,    colon           ]       };

But also other modifiers can be specified, for example in the esperanto map (epo):

  key   { [ jcircumflex,  Jcircumflex,  bracketleft,   braceleft  ] };
  key   { [ hcircumflex,  Hcircumflex,  bracketright,  braceright ] };

you can type a [ character by typing AltGr + key  (the [ key on the us keymap), and { by Shift+AltGr + key .

So far so good. The sequence we can understand from looking at some simple examples is:

plain shift altgr shift+altgr

However, we want to be able to bind our LEFT and RIGHT key to the plain and CTRL+ALT modifiers. How to achieve that?

I have no idea, and never tried, but I'd take inspiration from /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc:

xkb_symbols "function" {
    key  {
        type="CTRL+ALT",
        symbols[Group1]= [ F1,  XF86_Switch_VT_1 ]
    };

Perhaps we can do the same thing for our arrow keys. Let's try to add the following lines:

 key  { type="CTRL+ALT", symbols[Group1]= [  Left, Prior                ]       };
 key  { type="CTRL+ALT", symbols[Group1]= [  Down, Next                 ]       };

Just below the original definitions of LEFT and DOWN, in the bottom part of the 'pc' file.

And then restart the X server. Sorry, but I cannot close my session right now to test it.

BTW, you might be interested in http://code.google.com/p/partiwm/wiki/xpra, so that you can restart the X session and still preserve some applications across restarts.


Can not install Ubuntu server because "Install" option is not available

I was receiving the same issue. Which program did you use to create the bootable USB flash drive? I was using the "Universal USB Installer" from pendrivelinux.com and I could only see the last 2 options. If you use "unetbootin" you should be able to see all options available


Best to create the VM after the restart. Basically the machine in not in a running state while being kickstarted. You shouldn't rely on things such as services to be running during a kickstart. Use "InitialSetup" to run your virt-install . https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/InitialSetup

InitialSetup may not be available in Ubuntu although it doesn't mention it as a missing feature.https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/installation-guide/i386/ch04s06

Pre-seed is a more comprehensive automated install system for Ubuntu so you may find something similar there.


RAM usage discrepancy? Memory leak? Ubuntu 18.10 with Cinnamon

re: "I seem to run out of usable RAM and stop being able to play the games I play because they lock up and start disk thrashing"

Even on normally running computers, it'll look like RAM is fully used, as any free RAM is used for disk/file buffers.

One key to solving system lockups is tuning RAM vs swap and tuning a parameter vm.swappiness. You have enough RAM. Your swap is probably too small, and we may need to make it larger. And vm.swappiness is default at 60.

Without enlarging your swap, try temporarily setting vm.swappiness like so...

sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=80

If that improves things, come back here and I'll show you how to make that setting permanent.


Using Ext4 partitions on external storage

There is no way to do it currently.  I keep meaning to patch the kernel ext4 driver to accept the uid/gid options like fat, ntfs, and udf, but just never seem to get around to it.


Never mind, I solved it! Apparently I missed a small but important detail about burning ISOs. You can't just treat it as a file and drag it to the drive, you need to burn the disk image itself. I also found out that the only thing I really needed to disable was Fast Boot. 18.04 is apparently compatible with UEFI and Secure Boot.

I'm leaving this answer up in case someone else has this issue. I feel like it could be a common one for people like me who've never burned ISO image files before.


How do I set up RAID 1 on only a portion of my HDDs, post Ubuntu 14.04 installation?

First, change the type of the sda3 and sdb1 partition to be Linux raid autodetect :

sudo fdisk /dev/sda
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd

Command (m for help): w

sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd

Command (m for help): w

sudo mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb1
sudo mdadm --examine --scan | sudo tee -a /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

The last 2 commands create an empty raid device called /dev/md0 from the two partitions and update the configuration file for the system to find back easily the RAID you've just configured.

The rest of the operation is "usual" filesystem creation and activation :

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
sudo mkdir /mount/point     <-- create the directory where you want your RAID data partition be mounted

Edit the /etc/fstab file to let the system mount your new data RAID partition automatically by adding the following line to it :

/dev/md0  /mount/point  ext4  noatime,rw 0 2

Then, by simply doing sudomount /mount/point, your filesystem will be mounted and available for use.

If you reboot the server, detection, assembly and mounting of the RAID filesystem will be done automatically.


Tried to install Windows, and now can not boot Ubuntu partitions - Error Loading Operating System

You may wish to try installing XP using VirtualBox, which is a free program from Oracle to create virtual machines, into which you can install XP just like normal, but run it without exiting Ubuntu.  It works well, and can be made to look exactly like the separate XP.

But if you want to install it on your drive, make sure you create a Primary Partition, as it will not work on a logical drive.  Also you will find that after installing XP, Ubuntu will no longer be accessible, and you will need to restore GRUB in the boot sector after XP over-writes it with its own boot sector code.  Using VirtualBox will not have this problem.

After you make space, you need to select the empty space, and create a new partition (primary) using ntfs.  If you can't choose primary, then you must be inside a secondary partition.  When that happens, you need to pay attention to the list below the graphical representation, and shrink the extended partition, which is a container around the logical drives.


How to get Scilab 6.0.1 working on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS?

* Repository-based method (Scilab itself and ATOMS will not work)
Update 2020-12-07. Nowadays Scilab is broken again as indicated in bug 1884277.

* Binary download method (fully-functional, seems to be really recommended)
So if you need fully-functional Scilab you should remove deb-packaged version with
sudo apt-get purge scilab scilab scilab-cli scilab-data scilab-doc scilab-full-bin scilab-include scilab-minimal-bin scilab-sivp scilab-test
sudo apt-get autoremove

and use latest binary archive 6.1.0 from official site and run the commands below (download, extract, add to PATH, set shortcuts and MIME-association):
mkdir ~/Software
cd  ~/Software
wget https://www.scilab.org/download/6.1.0/scilab-6.1.0.bin.linux-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -xzf scilab-6.1.0.bin.linux-x86_64.tar.gz
cd scilab-6.1.0
echo "PATH=$PATH:/home/$USER/Software/scilab-6.1.0/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "PATH=$PATH:/home/$USER/Software/scilab-6.1.0/bin" >> ~/.profile
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/applications
cp -a ~/Software/scilab-6.1.0/share/{icons,applications,mime} ~/.local/share/
update-mime-database ~/.local/share/mime/
update-menus

The ATOMS and other components will work as expected. Do not forget to install build-essential package to run Xcos Modelica simulations.
* AppImage download method (fully-functional)
We need to download the latest release from corresponding page or manually:
mkdir ~/Software
cd ~/Software
wget https://github.com/davidcl/Scilab.AppDir/releases/download/6.1.0-1/Scilab-x86_64.AppImage
chmod +x Scilab-x86_64.AppImage
ln -s Scilab-x86_64.AppImage scilab

and then add it to PATH with
echo "PATH=$PATH:/home/$USER/Software/" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "PATH=$PATH:/home/$USER/Software/" >> ~/.profile

As the result you will get Scilab working. But there is no MIME associations (yet).

If you want to get Scilab 5.5.2 working on Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS see other answer. But be careful with libcurl4 removal!


"kernel panic not syncing out of memory and no killable process"

Did you check the memory with the memtest86+ option when the CD boots?  Preferably keep it running overnight.  Just in case there is something wrong with it...

One possible reason for "out of memory" errors on systems with not much RAM can happen when fsck has to check a very large filesystem (it also depends on what filesystem, I guess, but don't know which ones are more likely to have this issue).

Something you can try is to create a swap partition and enable it (using swapon) before starting the installation.


With simplicity in mind : Buy a cheap usb stick, encrypt it, and copy the file on that stick when you need to move files from one computer to another. Or buy a less cheap self encrypting usb disk or stick.

Instead of a usb stick, use a disk image file, that you can even copy to the untrusted servers. But you'll have to copy the file from one computer to the other, via temp storage on the servers. So in the end, 3 copies are around... Probably exactly what is needed to mess things up.

Instead of copying files, on the encrypted storage (usb stick or disk image), use unison. It's available via apt. Unison can perform two way synchronisation (what they call reconciliation, I think).
See the unison user manual. This is less simple to set up.

Or, another simple way :
tar your dotfiles, encrypt with gpg, put on the untrusted servers. Ask your search engine for GPG usage. This site is a possibility. But again, 3 copies will rapidly exist...


What does "./configure; make; make install" do?

./configure

tells you whether are quite ready to build the application. It will check if you have everything needed to build the application, and, if it sees any critical errors it will inform you.

make

builds (compiles) the source code. Compiler compiles the code, but, most of the times, the code cannot stand alone, it requires external libraries (usually provided by ubuntu packages) to be installed. After this step the executable(s) of this specific application you are trying to install will be created.

sudo make install

moves all the needed for the application files to the appropriate system directories. This has to be done after make because the executables of the application have been created and can be moved to the appropriate system directory (e.g. /usr/bin/) for later use.

Libraries are necessary, because they allow a programmer to use code made by other people to achieve certain things. i.e. if I wanted to do some disk formatting in my program, I could use the libs someone already wrote to do the formatting, and I just have to make my program call those libraries. If that person finds an issue in their library, they can fix it, and it will fix it in my program too. This is how open-source software can be written so fast and be so stable.


I know it is not an explanation, but I have had the same issue with a wireless microsoft mouse.

It moved erratically and the movement speed was way off compared to the settings.

The solution was to remove the mouse from USB and plug it in again. This made it behave normal again.


How to move / copy logical volume (lv) to another volume group (vg)?

vgmerge lets you merge two VGs.
You can also use pvmove to move data within a VG, and vgsplit if you want to go back to multiple VGs.


Easiest way is to use source package. Read this

However, as an alternative you can always try to download the binary package, uncompress the .deb package in your home directory and append $HOME/bin and $HOME/usr/bin to PATH variable and $HOME/lib and $HOME/usr/lib to LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable.

If you manually unpack binary packages, you need to resolve missing dependencies by your self (unpack also all required libraries).

Another option is to manually compile (./configure --prefix=$HOME && make && make install) each library and ffmpeg from tar.gz packages.

Good luck.


Can the Intel HD Graphics 515 be used as an OpenCL compute device?

Yes, that chip does support OpenCL. Check this out: https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/opencl-drivers

Install it and it works.


Ubuntu Studio: How to Install generic kernel properly and make it boot by default?

Okay, I figured it out:

You should be able to install one package:

sudo apt install linux-generic

Reboot and select advanced options and select the generic kernel.

To make sure you're in the generic kernel once you verify everything is working:

uname -r

Should return X.X.X.X-generic where the X's are the (newest) kernel version number.

Also you might want it to boot into generic by default, in which case you would edit the grub configuration file:

sudo vim /etc/default/grub

(replace vim with your choice of text editor)

If it exists, replace the line that starts with GRUB_DEFAULT= with:

# Make the latest generic kernel the default
release=$(linux-version list | grep -e '-generic$' | sort -V | tail -n1)
GRUB_DEFAULT="Advanced options for Ubuntu>Ubuntu, with Linux $release"

Finally, run this command to update the grub configuration:

sudo update-grub


ecryptfs-setup-private login passphrase incorrect

Looks like ecryptfs-setup-private is not too good in checking password of LDAP users. Passing --nopwcheck to the script will skip the password check.


How can I create a bootable Ubuntu install on my Ubuntu stick? (NOT for installing)


Chrome/Chromium fonts look bad starting from version 37

Ok, I am now able to use the newest version of Google Chrome without being annoyed at the fonts. I improved the fonts' visibility buy setting the hinting style to full:

Go to System Settings > Application Appearance >  Fonts
Configure anti-aliasing
Set hinting to full.
Close the window and reopen them again or log out and in again to see the change across the system.


How to compile a xul extension in Ubuntu 13.04 ? (specifically xul-ext-gnome-keyring)

I could compile using the following method:

download xulrunner-sdk from http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/xulrunner/releases/, chooising the version corresponding to the target version of Firefox (eg. 24.0 for latest FF version as of 2013-09-18)
install firefox-dev and gnome-keyring-dev packages
unpack xulrunner-sdk
compile with:

XUL_CFLAGS="-I../../xulrunner-sdk/include -I../../xulrunner-sdk/include/nspr" XUL_LDFLAGS="-L../../xulrunner-sdk/lib -lxpcomglue_s -lxul -lmozalloc -lplds4 -lplc4 -lnspr4 -lpthread -ldl" XPCOM_ABI_FLAGS="-Wl,-rpath=/usr/lib/firefox" make
install extension with the xpi file produced


What's involved in restoring a Linux system that's completely hosed?

Look at the timeshift package:

Description: System restore utility
Timeshift is a system restore
utility which takes snapshots  of the system at regular intervals.
These snapshots can be restored  at a later date to undo system
changes. Creates incremental snapshots  using rsync or BTRFS snapshots
using BTRFS tools.


Touchpad not working at all in ubuntu 14.04lts

Most likely support of your touchpad has been added to new linux kernels.
You can update the kernel by running in terminal:

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-wily

Then reboot and try the touchpad.


This is a 2TB disk (Seagate), so it needed to be mounted with -y ntfs-3g option (presuming ntfs-3g is installed).
/etc/fstab should also hold ntfs-3g option, otherwise the problem persists.
just adding uid, gid, fmask and dmask options to mount command without the proper file system indication did not work as well in my case.

Many thanks to all!


Can VNC screen definitions be added at start up?

I recommend using x11vnc, write a simple script and execute it in /etc/rc.local script.

Difference between x11vnc and traditional Unix VNC. x11vnc interacts directly with physical displays

A sample shell script

#!/bin/bash
x11vnc -safer -forever -display :0 -rfbauth ~/.vnc/passwd >/tmp/x11vnc.log 2>&1 &

Below I have included the install/config details I wrote for another question: VNC on UBUNTU 13.04 - not showing full desktop

Install x11vnc

sudo apt-get install x11vnc

Create VNC password

x11vnc -storepasswd

NOTE: defaults to ~/.vnc/passwd file. Alternatively, use vncpasswd or
-storepasswd pass file
Store password pass as the VNC password in the file file. Once the password is stored the program exits. Use the password via "-rfbauth file". If called with no arguments, "x11vnc -storepasswd", the user is prompted for a password and it is stored in the file ~/.vnc/passwd. Called with one argument, that will be the file to store the prompted password in.

Start x11vnc

# Start x11vnc using ~/.vnc/passwd
x11vnc -safer -forever -display :0 -rfbauth /home/terry/.vnc/passwd
# less output to stderr -q -quiet
# this does not eliminate all informational output, it only reduces it
x11vnc -safer -forever -display :0 -rfbauth /home/terry/.vnc/passwd -q
# eliminate all output
x11vnc -safer -forever -display :0 -rfbauth /home/terry/.vnc/passwd 2>/dev/null 1>2&

Change the VNC port to listen on

-rfbport

The VNC port to listen on (a LibVNCServer option), e.g. 5900, 5901, etc. If specified as "-rfbport PROMPT" then the x11vnc -gui is used to prompt the user to enter the port number.

x11vnc -rfbport 5901

This force x11vnc to use port 5901 (this is VNC display :1.)

If something else is using that port x11vnc will exit immediately. If you do not supply the -rfbport option, it will autoprobe starting at 5900 and work its way up to 5999 looking for a free port to listen on.

Send x11vnc to background

x11vnc -safer -forever -display :0 -rfbauth /home/terry/.vnc/passwd -bg

Go into the background after screen setup. Messages to stderr are lost unless -o logfile is used.

VNC password file

The option -rfbauth .vnc/passwd provides additional protection by requiring a VNC password for every VNC viewer that connects. The vncpasswd or storepasswd programs, or the x11vnc -storepasswd option can be used to create the password file. x11vnc also has the slightly less secure -passwdfile and -passwd XXXXX options to specify passwords.


I agree with @Lekensteyn.  The module in question should be at /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_include.so.  You need to replace this (and any other modules with invalid paths) pathname on the LoadModule line for include_module.

But without seeing at least some of the httpd.conf file, it's almost impossible to handle the syntax error.


Desktop settings lost after unclean shutdown

I was updating my system using apt-get update and apparently it had not finished when the system restarted. I just tried installing meld using apt-get install meld

Then I got a message that I need to correct some error using command sudo dpkg --configure -a after that when I restarted my system everything was back to normal.

This is similar to the same solution when there is an error while downloading: dpkg interrupted error while downloading


It exists the command jobs that shows you the running jobs and the suspended ones.

[1]+  Stopped                 sleep 12
[2]-  Running                 sleep 10 &

When you find a suspended (Stopped) job you can put in foreground with fg or with %1( if it is with the label [1]) and wait that the process continue till the end.

You can suspend an active job with CTRL Z
You can interrupt it with CTRL C
You can execute a command and put it in background with command &  (e.g. sleep 10 &): the shell will execute the command, put it in background, and give you the prompt.

You can also kill with kill %1 (always if it is the 1st job of the shell)
In this case if you write kill %1 it will answer :

[1]+  Terminated              sleep 12

If you want you can write jobs -l . E.g:

[3]+ 21921 Stopped                 sleep 16

To kill this job you can use or kill %3 or kill 21921, where 21921 is the PID of the process.

When you have no suspended jobs you can exit without problem from the shell (and in this case from the ssh connection)

Note: Only in extreme cases you can use kill -9 %3 or kill -9 21921. This will abruptly close the process (job) without giving it the time to exit normally. (It can avoid to free memory, socket, close files ...)


BSD and AT&T developed incompatible versions of ps. The options without a leading dash are the BSD style while those with a leading dash are AT&T Unix style.

The ps man page has this to say too:

  Note that "ps -aux" is distinct from "ps aux". The POSIX and UNIX standards require that "ps -aux" print all processes owned by a user named "x", as well as printing all processes that would be selected by the -a option. If the user named "x" does not exist, this "ps" may interpret the command as "ps aux" instead and print a warning. This behavior is intended to aid in transitioning old scripts and habits. It is fragile, subject to change, and thus should not be relied upon.

Linux opted to support both. ps -au{user} will error out if you provide a non-existing user. See:

$ ps -autest
error: user name does not exist

Usage:
 ps [options]

 Try 'ps --help <simple|list|output|threads|misc|all>'
  or 'ps --help <s|l|o|t|m|a>'
 for additional help text.

For more details see ps(1).

Ubuntu/Canonical opted to show an error.
Debian opted to give the same output to both ps -aux and ps aux. All in all, pretty confusing. But as stated: this is/was to make scripts compatible. And you can use what you feel happy with.


Network load-balancing with Network Manager

Maybe you want Load Balancing. There is a good program called Crossroads: http://crossroads.e-tunity.com/index.xr

If you want a list of similar programas i have an extract here from http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/09/opensource-load-balancing-software.html

BalanceNG: http://www.inlab.de/balanceng/

Modern software IP load balancing solution. It is small, fast, and easy to use and setup. It offers session persistence, different distribution methods (Round Robin, Random, Weighted Random, Least Session, Least Bandwidth, Hash, Agent, and Randomized Agent) and a customizable UDP health check agent in source code. It supports VRRP to set up high availability configurations on multiple nodes. It supports SNMP, integrating the BALANCENG-MIB with Net-SNMPD. It implements a very fast in-memory IP-to-location database, allowing powerful location-based server load-balancing.

HAproxy: http://haproxy.1wt.eu/

High-performance and highly-robust TCP and HTTP load balancer which provides cookie-based persistence, content-based switching, advanced traffic regulation with surge protection, automatic failover, run-time regex-based header control, Web-based reporting, advanced logging to help trouble-shooting buggy applications and/or networks, and a few other features. Its own event-driven state machine achieves 20,000 hits per second and surpasses GigaEthernet on modern hardware, even with tens of thousands of simultaneous connections.

Crossroads Load Balancer: http://crossroads.e-tunity.com/

Daemon running in user space, and features extensive configurability, polling of back ends using wake up calls, status reporting, many algorithms to select the 'right' back end for a request (and user-defined algorithms for very special cases), and much more. Crossroads is service-independent: it is usable for any TCP service, such as HTTP(S), SSH, SMTP, and database connections. In the case of HTTP balancing, Crossroads can provide session stickiness for back end processes that need sessions, but aren't session-aware of other back ends. Crossroads can be run as a stand-alone daemon or via inetd.
Note my awesome posting ability. Anyway here you can see the most updated (Still updated) and have documentation on how to do things.


How to remove the ubuntu name/logo from appearing on top of my desktop background image?

Right click your desktop and select "Change Desktop Background" then pick any of the images shown which you prefer (or a color) your desktop image to be changed to.

If this answer solved your problem, please feel free to click the up arrow (where an up, down and number are) next to it on the left.


Ubuntu 16.04 stuck at boot: Scanning for Btrfs filesystems

Luckily, I had a backup of /etc/fstab and found that it had the mount points (btrfs type) for both / and /home (missing in /etc/fstab in the current system). So I added the two entries as-is from the backup into /etc/fstab to mount these two and the system booted successfully (not sure how those entries got removed).


Wireless network unstable and often WPA2 protected networks just don't work

Have you tried to eliminate possible external factors? Check signal strength; sources of interference; alternative channel number.


i have found the answer,
firstly navigate to system-> administration-> software sources

then go to update and at the bottom of the window their is an option to select what
type of update you want. select -normal update-
the close the window and reload.

the problem should be fixed.
-thank you for those who tried to answer it really helped.