Local file system not properly unmounted during shutdown

I don't have a 11.04 here to experiment with, but it seems to me that the /etc/init.d/umountfs script should do the unmounting. There you will find that all regular mountpoints are passed to umount in a single invocation. It is left to umount to process those in a sensible order, which it in my opinion should be capable of. There appears to be no “Wait for success” loop in that script. And even if some device wasn't unmounted successfully, umount -r should mount those filesystems read-only, so there should be no need for a log replay.

In order to obtain more information on this problem, you might whish to edit that script in one or more of the following ways:

Set VERBOSE=yes so you will see more output
Place a sleep 20 at the beginning and end of do_stop, each preceeded by a suitable echo. That way, you will see what output originates from that script, and have time to actually read it during shutdown. Of course, you should disable your splash screen so you will actually see this output.
Perhaps also do a set -x so you can see the internal workings of the shell script, the arguments passed to umount in particular.
Even spawn a shell in there, so you can experiment during shutdown, e.g. to identify reasons why some file system is busy and cannot be unmounted.
Try to add your own ordering logic, using normal bash syntax to either order the arguments to umount or to perform multiple invocations of umount. I think this should not be necessary if the script works as intended, and if it does not work as intended there should be some kind of error message. So I'd only implement this if there is no other clue as to what goes wrong.


GLX extension missing, need NVIDIA drivers, login loop

Okay, I got it figured out. This is a touch embarrassing, as it's kind of obvious. If you run into the same problem as me, be absolutely sure that you saved xorg.conf with the line:

sudo nvidia-xconfig

Besides that, if you're having trouble with dual monitors / drivers in Ubuntu, you can follow pretty much exactly the steps outlined in the question. Hope this helps somebody else!


Where can I download the chrome i386 deb file?

That's because Chrome 32-bit is no longer supported on Ubuntu. Chrome is also no longer supported on Ubuntu 12.04 with either 32-bit or 64-bit.

It is not a good idea to install the 32-bit version of Chrome on Ubuntu, as it no longer receives updates of any kind. That means an you'll have an outdated and insecure browser as soon as you install.

If you can't get 64-bit Ubuntu, you'll have to install Chromium instead.

sudo apt-get install chromium-browser

http://betanews.com/2015/11/30/google-killing-chrome-for-32-bit-linux/


I experienced this sort of problems after the updates installed a new version of the kernel (so, not any update). This sometimes confuses the handling of interfaces.

If that's actually the case, my solution has been to let the computer to boot from the previous kernel version until a newer working release is distributed.

To this end I edit the boot menu using the program grub-customizer. To install it (and you obviously need an Ethernet connection if the wi-fi receiver is malfunctioning), follow these instructions:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

The program is a GUI for handling the settings of the boot loader. There, you can visualize the list of kernels still available in your systems from the tab 'List configuration'

With the other tab 'General settings' I can change the kernel loaded at boot time. In the snapshot below I am set to select 4.4.0-62 generic from the 'default entry: predefined` area. That version is the last but one in the list shown above.

Then you save your selection. After the next reboot, the system will start from the earlier kernel as per your selection. If your problem has disappeared, you have framed the culprit. If not, this avenue has not been successful, alas, and the problem resides elsewhere --- you can then revert your boot-loading selection.

Incidentally, you can also see which kernel version is currently running from the command line with uname -r.


So, the answer to this question. It appears that the Linux Kernel drops and adds support for the ASUS C300 Chromebook periodically. The Kernels that I know work with this machine are 4.2.0-34, 4.2.0-45. From my conversations with different contributors, the Kernel should support the touchpad hardware from now on.


How to install Cangjie (Traditional Chinese) input for Ubuntu Mate 16.04 PowerPc

I found ibus-cangjie 2.4-1. Then I installed with:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ibus-cangjie

And now it is working perfectly.


Windows SMB shares no longer accessible in Ubuntu 19.04

This seemed to fix it. To smb.conf, I added min protocol = SMB2, max protocol = SMB3, client min protocol = SMB2, and client max protocol = SMB3. Then in terminal, did service smbd restart && service winbind restart.


Error: invalid video mode specification 'text' Booting in blind mode --after invidia installation and update through apt-get update

This happened to me when the grub configuration (as can be seen by pressing 'e' for "Edit" at boot time) contained: set gfxpayload=text
Just removing it (manually, in grub) fixed the problem.
What's strange is that the same line worked before, on the same computer, before re-running grub2-mkconfig for the Nth time, not sure what happened.

This entry comes from GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=text in /etc/default/grub, for the record.


Trying to write the output of mount in a file

If mount is successful then there is no output. The comments to your question have already pointed to output redirection. If not interested in details so much, but much after not missing a success you can add some extra verbosity like:

(echo -n "mounting ..  "; mount .. && echo -n "[ok] " || echo -n "[fail] "; date)>/tmp/logfile

and also redirect the error stream or just leave it.


My MTP capable device is not detected? What can I do about that?

Before you start hacking…

CHECK: that the usb cable you are using is one that is used for transferring data and not just one for charging the device! Some cheap tablets and mobiles for instance only have a charging cable! To the uninitiated, they both look the same!

Please verify that mtp-detect really gives you the "No raw devices found." message. Also try to reboot and replug the device/host or use another cable that, preferably, works with another MTP enabled device, if possible.

If your device is detected, then please have a look at: Getting MTP enabled devices to work with Ubuntu? I also posted some troubleshooting instructions and I am still taking suggestions for improvement there.

Installing the latest libmtp version

If you are not running the latest version of libmtp, you can:

Search for a PPA, if you are aware of the risks.
Download the latest libmtp release/git head and compile from source. For detailed instructions see: How can I install the latest version of libmtp?

Filing a support request for your device

If compiling from source didn't work, chances are that your device is currently not supported by libmtp. A list of supported devices is available which will be sourced during installation or building of the package to create 69-libmtp.rules.

If in doubt, just follow the procedures on the project homepage to open a bug report/support request for adding a new device, it's basically running lsusb -v, unless you have experience in programming and submitting patches.

Note: It's useful to provide the name of your device and a link to the product page if possible. Also try searching for the device and vendor ID, you may find that the manufacturer uses the same ID for other devices and that a support request for this ID has already been filed and committed to GIT but hasn't been released a a source package or stable release. (That just happened to me with a newer Lumia device.)


I have a process writing to a terminal. I can't find what process it is. It survives reboot

If it's writing to the terminal it must have (probably has) a handle to the terminal. In that case

lsof `tty`

from the terminal it's writing to should list it, giving you the pid.

(Or substitute the actual terminal e.g. lsof /dev/pts/0.)


How does one retheme the Unity Panel with GTK?

The unity panel does use gtkrc files, the only way to change how it looks is to edit graphic files in /usr/share/unity/themes

Here is a little guide which can help - unity launcher colors and patterns


Try connecting to your router via Ethernet or installing the madwifi driver.


How to make lock screen appear in monitor connected to laptop

In Ubuntu 16.04 LTS you can click on a Window on your Internal monitor or your External monitor to make it active. Then lock the screen with Ctrl+Alt+T. The password prompt will appear on whichever screen was active.

I rebooted in 18.04 and it works exactly the same way.

NOTE: Using Unity desktop environment in both Ubuntu 16.04 and 18.04 LTS.


Cannot find hard disk after installing Ubuntu

Windows tools can't read Linux filesystems as Kev says.  Your next step, as you guessed, is to fix GRUB.  There's a dandy tool called "Boot Repair" that is designed to fix such problems.  Here's a How-To Geek article about how to use it, and here's the official Ubuntu documentation.  Good luck, and let us know how it goes in the comments!


Check the version of ubutnu

You can check what Ubuntu version you have by typing lsb_release -a in terminal.

OR

Open System Settings  ->  Click on Details and you can see the version under the Ubuntu logo.

EDIT: (as requested)

To upgrade to the newer version of ubuntu

Via Command line

Run do-release-upgrade in a terminal

Via GUI

Run the update manager
Click the check button to see if there is a new version available
Click the install button a message will appear if there is a new version available.


Compiling a new version of pam-mount from source did the trick. I had to install a .deb of libhx28 and libhx-dev from Trusty (which is risky in general) in order to get a newer version of this library.

You will probably have the newer version in a newer Ubuntu out of box, so you can skip compiling. If you can, you can upgrade to Trusty. I want to stay with Precise some time.

Now, enabling allow_discards without discard is an ugly hack. The patch just checks for the presence of a "discard" flag. So, I decided to put both "discard" and "nodiscard" (in this order) and hope it will do the trick.

Now fstrim on this device works but I hope discard mount flag is ineffective. Not sure if I can test it.

Alternatively, one might try to do some remounting, but I did not succeed with this approach.


No internet access in Ubuntu 16.04 after updating Windows 10

The problem seemed to be related to the VPN client for AirVPN.

By opening AirVPN client and connecting to a server, I was able to access the internet again. After closing the program I found my connection worked fine.

I suspect the issue may have been due to using the 'network lock' feature and not closing the program before shutting down the PC.


Unfortunately, you need to maintain separate Eclipses for ADT and regular Java.  The ADT does not play nice with others, as you've noticed.  The best thing to do is download the ADT Bundle from Google.  This is pre-loaded and works well.

For all other Java, you can use the Eclipse in the Software Center but it is old and buggy.  I would download the latest version from the Eclipse website.


System keeps scanning hard disk partition for errors every boot

The number of reboots per fsck parameter is set on the hard drive. Use tune2fs to change the parameter:

sudo tune2fs -c 0 /dev/yourhdd


Ubuntu 17.04 - Color Calibration - Device set as uncalibrated

Dorian, I had two prior Lenovo laptops, and the ThinkWiki was extremely useful to me. For color calibration, review this page.

In the end, you'll want to install the ICM file on your laptop.


How to check if MAAS-DHCP service/daemon is running?

I found the answer. On the web UI, MAAS was wrongly configured to manage DHCP on eth0 instead of eth1 where the actual private network existed. I reconfigured MAAS to manage the correct ethernet interface and now I can restart the maas-dhcp-server service and the dhcpd is up and running


What is the Default Theme in Xubuntu 12.10

The gtk theme is called Greybird: http://shimmerproject.org/project/greybird/
Icon set name: elementary Xfce Dark. See
https://github.com/shimmerproject/elementary-xfce/tree/master/elementary-xfce-dark
You could customize a dock in a similar way with cairo-dock, don't know for sure if this works well in kde.
Please be more sepecific, it depends on which desktop environment you're using right now. What are you still missing?
http://imgur.com/2T451
The default xfce mouse theme


Differing kernel versions for 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the same OS?

You can install kernel 4.2 to any 14.04.x release by running

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-wily

It is not related to 32 or 64 bit versions.


how to compile a c program that uses pthread.h?

Use:

gcc MyProgram.c -o MyProgram -lpthread

and dont forget to include the POSIX  library in your code. It will compile your code.


Some applications toolbars and menus are very tiny

This is the fault of the application and not Ubuntu. Are you using wine ? If so you can change the theme https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine#Using_Theme.2FSkins


I tried installing Python 3.7 on my WSL ubuntu 20.04 but it just won't install

I faced the same issue and I solved it using the deadsnakes PPA.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3.7


Grub error minimal bash like line editing is supported

please refer to the link provided below if you have come across the same grub error.
        http://itsfoss.com/fix-minimal-bash-line-editing-supported-grub-error-linux/

The above link will provide you a clear solution of the error that you occured and how to sove it.This worked for me and hope it will work for you too.


Can anyone explain why sudo ls with a wildcard doesn't work?

One possibility is that you don't have permissions to access one or more of the directories in that path (/sites/servers/server_instance/logs). The wildcard expansion is carried out by your shell, and then the expanded paths are passed to the sudo command.

If your user doesn't have permissions, expansion wouldn't work in the first command. It would be run as-is (ls -ltr /sites/servers/server_instance/logs/access*), and there isn't a file literally named access*). If abc does have the required permissions for all the directories in the path, the second command, which didn't have any wildcards, would be untouched by your shell, and it would work fine.

$ sudo namei -lx foo/bar/baz
f: foo/bar/baz
drwxr-xr-x muru    muru    foo
drwx------ test    test    bar
drwxr-xr-x muru    muru    baz

$ sudo ls foo/bar/b*
ls: cannot access 'foo/bar/b*': No such file or directory

$ sudo -u test ls foo/bar/
baz


Why is  there 'amd' in the ubuntu iso filename?

It's merely a convention due to the fact that AMD created the 64-bit extensions to the x86 (Intel 386/486/Pentium) instruction set.  At that time, Intel was pushing Itanium as the only 64-bit solution, and Intel didn't copy AMD's extensions until it was clear that AMD had created something that was being used widely.  The #define AMD64 was used to distingish this 64-bit instruction set from Intel's Itanium instruction set.


Updating the Frei0r video plugin in Ubuntu 12.04

The gnome-video-effects-frei0r  will install version 1.1.22 of the Frei0r plugins in all Ubuntu versions, including 12.04, 12.10, and 13.04.

A newer but possibly unstable version 1.4.0 can be installed from the ppa below (but OpenVC support is unstable and will be disabled for 12.04):

ppa:sunab/kdenlive-release


How to get a "refresh" right click action?

When in any folder (this includes the desktop), hit the F5 key to refresh.

To also add the refresh option to the right-click menu, check this answer (thanks Saurav Kumar).


iptables -A INPUT -m mac --mac-source <mac_addr> -j DROP  is the way to go. A very very useful tool this.


How do I erase the LUKS headers in terminal?

Refer this method to delete the LUKS header:- https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Drive_preparation#Wipe_LUKS_header


open terminal directly point to my project folder

Use a custom command for your profile:

The command could be something like:

sh -c 'cd /path/to/folder; exec bash'


Okay got it working
Use play on linux, create a virtual drive in 64,select Academic Version as shortcut


Endless loop when booting from a Ubuntu usb disk

I'd have to say that you should be fine.
But maybe avoid mentioning that you tried to boot OSX.
All you have attempted to do is boot your computer to a Unix based operating system from an Optical and Solid state disk, failed to actually modify your configuration, and ended up with a non-functional computer.
You've done nothing that should cause a problem.
The reboot loop does seem to be a common issue on HP laptops, my HP Envy is doing the same when I try and boot to an Ubuntu flash drive.


HOME is usually derived from the user's entry in /etc/passwd. You can use usermod to change this entry, but only if your user is not logged in. Therefore, you need to either:

Set a root password and login as root from a TTY, or
Boot to recovery mode (see How do I reset a lost administrative password? for an example guide)

In either case, once you have a root shell, do:

usermod --move-home --home /path/to/new/home your-username
chown your-username:$(id -gn your-username) /path/to/new/home -R

This should move your home directory to the new location and ensure correct ownership (which the usermod command should do, the chown is just in case). Now logout/reboot and login as your user.


I am looking for a touch screen laptop that works awesome with Ubuntu ( it has to be a Full laptop NOT NETBOOK)

You can take a look at the X61 Tablet with touch screen built-in. Touchscreen should work out of the box on Ubuntu. I have an X61 Tablet with no touch screen support, and I just love it and its quality.


This program was fixed by the last update. Rhythmbox is up and running again!


Which version(32b or 64b) is good for my system configuration ?

You can install both, because 32-bit OS is compatible with your 64-bit CPU, but to get performance benefits you should install 64-bit OS. For example Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit

Your CPU is 64-bit:


Accessing files through live cd/usb - permissions problem

If you have a Microsoft file system (FAT32 or NTFS) in the external drive, the linux permissions will be set when it is mounted. So you need to mount it with read/write permissions. The following should work for FAT32 (and probably the same or something very similar for NTFS).

Unmount the partition on the external drive if mounted. (If you 'eject' it, you have to unplug and re-plug.)

sudo umount /dev/sdx1

Mount a FAT32 partition in a pendrive with read/write permissions for everybody:

(assumption: the pendrive is seen as /dev/sdx, replace x with the actual drive
letter, for example b: /dev/sdx1 ---> /dev/sdb1)

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/sd1  # only if you want a new mountpoint
sudo umount /dev/sdx1   # only if already mounted (but with bad permissions)

sudo mount -o rw,users,umask=000 /dev/sdx1 /mnt/sd1  # mount

echo 'Hello World' > /mnt/sd1/hello.txt  # test writing
cat /mnt/sd1/hello.txt                   # test reading

Edit: Try to copy the 'stubborn' files with sudo permissions

sudo cp stubborn-file /directory-on-target-drive/

for example

sudo cp stubborn-file /mnt/sd1/backup-dir/

or

sudo cp -r stubborn-directory-tree /mnt/sd1/backup-dir/


I was able to solve this issue by changing the following setting general.useragent.compatMode.firefox to true (found in Edit/Preferences/Advanced/General/Config Editor).


How to rename a part of file using find command in directory and sub directories

From folder you want to change file names recursively:

find . -name '*.xxx.com.dat' -exec rename 's/xxx/yyy/' -- {} +


18.04 swich user or log out and log in new user hangs computer sometimes

What I am going to post here is a workaround:

Edit as root /etc/gdm3/PostSession/Default and add before exit 0:

sleep 0.9
pkill -SIGQUIT -f gnome-session-binary

It should look like this:

#!/bin/sh
sleep 0.9
pkill -SIGQUIT -f gnome-session-binary
exit 0

This will result in a dark screen flash without showing any text and will probably cause a restart on gdm. This means that switching users will not be available without exiting the session.

But might make your life a bit more bearable.

"/etc/gdm3/PostSession/Default" is executed as root at the end of each session (after logout).

Instead of what presented above, you could try with:

#!/bin/sh
pkill X && systemctl restart gdm
exit 0


Create Ubuntu 14.04 system image and install on other machine

Clonezilla is a partition and disk imaging/cloning program I suggest.

Clonezilla live is suitable for single machine backup and restore.

http://clonezilla.org/downloads.php


help from another group showed the default gateway had been erroneously changed in the /etc/netplan/*.yaml.

Issue resolved - I think.


where do you get your libreoffice from? did you download a .deb or just from the software center? it looks like it expects a package libreoffice-common should be installed because it depends upon it, but for some reason it isn't. you can install the package by opening a terminal and type sudo apt-get install libreoffice-common enter your password and see wether that works. afterward try to install Libreoffice again.


LXDE: theme that works for both gtk2 and gtk3?

Install a theme that has both gtk2 and gtk3. For example, sudo apt-get install shimmer-themes will get you a few themes which support both gtk2 and gtk3. There's also light-themes which will get you Ambiance and Radiance.
Incidentally, these themes will work whether you use LXDE or XFCE or Unity.
When you install these themes, they will pull in the necessary gtk engines which you may not have at the moment.
You can see what you will get by using the -s flag along with sudo apt-get install or by running apt-cache show _package-name_.


Cairo-deck isn't starting up automatically why?

Simply go to:
System Tools => Preference => Startup App
Add the following:
Name: Cairo-dock
Command: cairo-dock -o
Save, that's all.

Note: the command "cairo-dock -o" lauch cairo-dock with OpenGl Enabled
If you want it disabled, just add the following:
cairo-dock -c

Cheers,
JeeT


Need to enable ALX network adapter module in Ubuntu 16.04

The solution was to install the linux-modules-extra-4.4.0-146-generic package. That package actually containes the alx driver.


It's probably a bug in this update, which landed in focal-updates on 2021-03-25.
Please feel free to file a bug report:
ubuntu-bug gnome-shell


How are package updates defined as security updates?

"Security Updates" come from the -security repository. Only the Ubuntu Security Team has permission to upload to that pocket. Apt does not "determine" anything.

Example: Security updates in Xenial are packaged by the Ubuntu Security Team and distributed in the xenial-security pocket.

For your specific case:

1) Ensure that you really have a security repo enabled in sources.list.

2) Don't trust motd's numbers - motd is a a handy reminder feature, but those numbers update only once per day...and you don't know when.

3) Try one of these methods to accurately see if uninstalled security updates are in the -security pocket for your release of Ubuntu.

4) Unattended Upgrades can be really sneaky about upgrades (that's good). Check a week of the U-U history in /var/log/unattended-upgrades to be certain that U-U is not installing security upgrades. If so, time to double-check your sources (see #1).


Monitor flickers in a MSI U120/Wind U100

Years ago I used to have a MSI Wind U100 and it suffered from the same issue. There's a bug report - look through the comments there, one of the proposed solutions is to update the netbook's BIOS, other involve various tweaks to the Gnome power manager.


I tested your condition with my LiveUSB and I have a solution for you.

For example, let us say we installed MySQL on the PC recently and now Ubuntu is too slow. So this is how we'll hunt for the culprit:

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1. Your screen will be filled with a black terminal.
Type sudo -s and then top. Wait for about 5 seconds as Ubuntu refreshes the list.

You will see a list describing the processes running on your screen. Each process has a PID with it. You will also see two columns that show the Virtual Memory consumption (VIRT) and the RAM consumption. In our case, MySQL is what is slowing down the system so it should appear ideally on top of the list, with a high VIRT value.

To kill the process, note it's PID and type kill (pid of the process). And then type the name of the process to restart it. Eg. kill 4525 as 4525 is the PID for our rogue MySQL. And then type mysql.

Repeat this every time your PC slows down and see if a particular process is the culprit each and every time. If it is, open up Terminal and type sudo apt-get purge  and then sudo apt-get install . But before you use this purge command, please tell me which process is eating your PC's Virtual Memory exactly.


How to launch chromium with specific user

Chromium user profiles

The chromium-browser user profiles are stored in specific subfolders of ~/.config/chromium. These subfolders have names, not obviously corresponding to the user's names.
Let's say I have three user profiles: "Josephine", "Karel", "Willem":

They are "represented" by three profile folders inside ~/.config/chromium: Default, Profile 1 and Profile 2.
To see which folder is corresponding to which user profile, you'd have to look inside the folder, and see if the user name (either "Karel", "Willem" or "Josephine") occurs in the file Preferences.

To open chromium with a specific user profile

The command to open chromium with a specific user profile is:

chromium-browser --profile-directory="<name_of_subfolder>"

Where the <name_of_subfolder> is the name of the folder representing the user, as explained in Chromium user profiles. To open chromium with "Karel's" profile for example, I will have to run the command:

Exec=chromium-browser --profile-directory="Default"

Options

There are several possibilities to create the option to open with a specific user profile.

Edit the chromium-browser.desktop file to open with a specific user by default:

Copy the chromium-browser.desktop file from /usr/share/applications to ~/.local/share/applications:

cp /usr/share/applications/chromium-browser.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/chromium-browser.desktop

Open the local copy in ~/.local/share/applications (drag it over an open gedit window or run the command gedit ~/.local/share/applications/chromium-browser.desktop), look for the first line, starting with Exec=. Replace the line by (in the case of "Karel"):

Exec=chromium-browser --profile-directory="Default" %u

Save the file and log out/in to see the changes
Alternatively, You can add the user as a shortcut to your launcher:

Look for the line:

Actions=NewWindow;Incognito;TempProfile;

Change it into:

Actions=NewWindow;Incognito;TempProfile;Karel;

Add to the very end of the file a section:

[Desktop Action Karel]
Name=Karel
Exec=chromium-browser --profile-directory="Default"
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

Repeat the procedure for every user you'd like to add as a shortcut (don't forget to log out/in afterwards).
Scripted option:

The downside of the two option above is that they are "fixed". You would have to edit your .desktop file each and every time a user is added or removed.
Another idea is therefore to make a script look up your profiles, extract the corresponding user names in the Preferences files, and make Zenity show an option list to choose from:

If you call the window from a key shortcut, all you have to to is choose the user from the list (or simply type the number) and press Return.

How to use

Copy the script below into an empty file, save it as chromium_profiles.py

Run it from a shortcut key combination: Choose: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts". Click the "+" and add the command:

python3 /path/to/chromium_profiles.py

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import os

home = os.environ["HOME"]
directory = home+"/"+".config/chromium"
profiles = []

user = lambda cmd: subprocess.check_output(["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd]).decode("utf-8")
reduce = lambda s: s[0].split(": ")[1].replace(",\n", "").replace('"', "")

def read(file):
    with open(file) as src:
        lines = src.readlines(); r_ls = range(len(lines))
        da = [i for i in r_ls if '"local_profile_id":' in lines[i]][0]
        return reduce([lines[i] for i in r_ls if i > da and '"name"' in lines[i]])

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
    for file in files:
        if file.startswith("Preferences"):
            file = root+"/"+file; pr_name = read(file); pr_id = root.split("/")[-1]
            profiles.append([pr_name, pr_id])

strings = [item[0] for item in profiles]
list_items = [str(i+1)+". "+strings[i] for i in range(len(strings))]

try:
    choose = 'zenity --list '+'"'+('" "').join(list_items)+\
             '"'+' --column="User profiles" '+\
             '--title="Chromium users" --height 250 --width 150'
    choice = profiles[int(user(choose)[0])-1]
    command = 'chromium-browser --profile-directory="'+choice[1]+'"'
    subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", command])
except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
    pass


Fresh installation running rather sluggish

sudo apt-get update doesn't actually install any updates. Although I do understand the confusion. What sudo apt-get update actually does is explained here, in a question also asked on AskUbuntu. After apt-get update you will probably want to run sudo apt-get dist-upgrade. Even easier would be using the software & updates tool available in recent Ubuntu versions.

Try installing the latest updates and see if it really makes a difference. Since I don't really know about any of the hardware you are using I can't really help you with driver issues. From the software & updates application you can find proprietary drivers, which might boost your performance. Be cautious though, try using tested versions. Considering your experience with Ubuntu you might be in for even more issues if you use untested versions that might be unstable.


3 TB hard drive suddenly no longer recognized

Your drive is most probably suffering from corrupt firmware and the drive will need to be set back to its native/default capacity.

HDD Capacity Restore Tool will be able to help you with that.


Without knowing your system specification I can only speculate which distribution would be suitable for you. If you want an Ubuntu / Debian based OS then you could try Linux Mint.

Their system requirements for their latest version, needs about 5GB so it would still leave you with some room to install a few apps, but not a lot.

I would recommend installing the Xfce version (last one in the list) as its a bit more lightweight.

Also again, guessing the hardware is old only use 32-bit of any distribution as 64-bit is only really for newer machines.

Hope this helps and let me know how it all goes.


My ethernet interface name has changed from eth0 to eth1

You need to modify the udev rule for the network interface to change the name. As seen in the /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules file:

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*",
ATTR{address}=="xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1",
KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"

the name has been changed to eth1.

To change the name of the interface back to eth0:

Open the file /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules with your favorite editor
Find the rule matching your MAC address
Change the NAME value from eth1 to eth0 i.e. NAME="eth0"
To apply changes without restarting run sudo udevadm trigger


Seems you haven't completely installed 2 packages...
Maybe

sudo dpkg --configure -a

Will do the job for you


How I can download PDFs of a website by using only the root domain name?

The following command should work:

wget -r -A "*.pdf" "http://yourWebsite.net/"

See man wget for more info.


Ubuntu Budgie: How to get rid of date on clock?

Install gnome-tweaks:
sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

and then, go to gnome-tweaks (typing it in a terminal)
go to  Top Bar > Flip-off Date at Clock


Ubuntu does not boot, boot-repair not working

Seems like you are repairing the boot loader on the USB disk. Try boot-repair /dev/sda and update-grub /dev/sda


Connecting to private IP's in Ubuntu 14.04 with Microsoft VPN

VPN server should push a route to local subnet through VPN you can do netstat -rn on your working windows box to confirm that it gets the route in there. So need to troubleshoot why VPN doesn't push it out. You can also add a route yourself once you're connected to the VPN route add -net NETWORK netmask NETMASK gw VPNGATEWAY where NETWORK/NETMASK is for "internal resources"


Easiest way to install is from the terminal using the following command:

sudo apt-get install network-manager-openvpn-gnome

You will need to restart your network manager:

sudo service network-manager restart

To setup a new connection you can goto Settings > Networking and then click on the plus symbol on the bottom left and select VPN, from the following screen you will be asked to select your VPN type and from there you can select openvpn and the complete the details to configure the connection.


My computer froze while I was installing Ubuntu

Restart it, if you have this problem again your computer could be a reasonably low spec one. If it freezes a lot every time you try, you need: A USB (Oh, you must have that already)
A internet connection
A large amount of time (Half an hour or so maybe)

Now that you have the things you need...

Go to this website http://www.howtogeek.com/172987/revive-your-old-pc-the-3-best-linux-systems-for-old-computers/

Choose an operating system.
Install it onto a usb and you're done! I wish you good luck.


You can upgrade a Wubi install - the same way as a normal upgrade, either from the Update Manager or via the Alternate CD (while running your Wubi Ubuntu). Note that the alternate CD has been discontinued since release 12.10 so you have to use the Update Manager.

I recommend that you check you have plenty of free space - at least 3GB - the upgrade underestimates the space it needs (bug report here).

Also, a quick and easy precaution is to backup the \ubuntu\disks\root.disk from Windows before upgrading - that way, if it fails you can just copy over the root.disk from before the upgrade.

Note that upgrading to 14.04 will require a manual workaround in order to boot.


How can I connect laptop to my Epson Stylus Office BX600FW printer

Well, that's not the recommended driver.

http://www.openprinting.org/printer/Epson/Epson-Stylus_Office_BX300F


not able to write linux iso to a usb drive

mkusb tool worked for me. this is how I installed it:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mkusb/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mkusb mkusb-nox usb-pack-efi


How to get the desktop back to normal size and actually fit screen

It turned out that I accidentally pressed Alt+Scroll Wheel which acts as zoom. Using it again turned the desktop back to normal.


Ubuntu is booting to usual desktop but to a command prompt

I had the same problem occurring to me (Ubuntu 14.04 LTS). I thought it was because I was trying out startx -command with sudo.

Later I found out that the ~/.Xauthority -file was being owned by root, so at the login screen I hit ctrl+alt+f2 and from there I changed the ownership back to me (sudo chown user:user .Xauthority) and was able to login again.


Ubuntu shared folders using samba not getting listed in windows 7

It isn't working because of that $ in the share names. Remove that and you should be good.


How to switch my latest stable Ubuntu installation to the development version?

do-release-upgrade has a '-d' option.
From my release (currently groovy) man do-release-upgrade reports

   -d, --devel-release
          If using the latest supported release, upgrade to the development release

so assuming you're using the latest supported release (currently Ubuntu 20.04 LTS), you can
do-release-upgrade -d

As @user535733 mentioned

The development version is pre-release...it will become Ubuntu 20.10,
to be released in October 2020. It means you are volunteering to be a
tester. You will have the best experience if you have the skills to
file effective bug reports, a handy knowledge of how your
commonly-used software stacks function so you can do basic
troubleshooting, and a fair understanding of how deb and snap package
tools work.

Myself, this install was made late in the artful development cycle, and has been release-upgraded every six months a few days after each release since, and I've only had problems extremely rarely, however most of us have different hardware, different things we do on our systems, thus experiences may differ. My system is dual-boot, so if I have real problems, I can just dual boot and use my other system (currently still Ubuntu 18.04 LTS)


As you are receiving this error message after adding the PPA by editing your list files

W: GPG error: ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 99D4A9FBA0D65078 W: GPG error: ppa.launchpad.net trusty Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY BBADE7CA9D188262

you have to add the key manually as well.

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://pgp.mit.edu:80 --recv-keys BBADE7CA9D188262


what version of ubuntu should i install on my laptop

The platform you choose (x32,x64) depends on your CPU architecture. Check your CPU. Which version of Ubuntu is better? It depends on your needs. Read carefully this page and you will get it. https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS


This seems to be configurable from within the app.
Look for a setting "Disable menu". Apparently it should be turned off, for the normal window decoration to show up.
See this clue: https://github.com/Figma-Linux/figma-linux/issues/127

By the way, you can move a window by click-dragging it anywhere on its entire surface, if you hold down a modifier key during the dragging. A few years back this modifier key was Alt, but on 20.04 it's configured by default to be the Super key. (This definition can be changed in the Gnome-Tweaks app, through the "Window action key" setting.)


You won't be able to edit your filesystem from a local boot - you'll have to use livecd if this is root hdd, which it appears to be.

The reason that there are 2 partitions of the same size is because sda2 is the root partition for sda5.  In other words, just as sda1 and sda2 are subpartions of sda, sda5 is a subpartition of sda2.  sda2 contains sda5.


Wow, I wrote a lot more than I was planning on. So here's the tl;dr version:

It would be simpler to upgrade the entire system to Maverick than backport Evince 2.32.x to Lucid.

Is it safe?

First we need to address the question of whether this is safe. In most instances, installing new versions of so-called "leaf" packages will not effect the stability of your system. A "leaf" package is a package that provides a standalone application that no other packages depend on. Evince, unfortunately for your purposes, is not entirely a simple "leaf" package.

Evince 2.30.x also provides the libraries libevdocument2 and libevview2. While Evince 2.32.x provides libevdocument3 and libevview3. Notice the libraries' have different numbers. This shows that there has been a SONAME bump meaning that there have been incompatible changes to the ABIs of these libraries. Other programs that rely on libevdocument2 and libevview2 may not function with libevdocument3 and libevview3.

Fortunately, at least on my system, there are no other programs that rely on libevdocument2 and libevview2 besides Evince itself. So is it safe? Probably!

Is ppa:irie/evince safe?

As with any other PPA, this question comes down to whether or not you trust the owner of the PPA, in this case irie. There are a few ways that I use to determine whether I trust a PPA like looking at the breadth of their contributions. Are they also a upstream developer? Are they an Ubuntu developer? Does their Launchpad page show on going activity?

As for this specific PPA, it seems to introduce change that are not yet upstream:

  This PPA provides slightly enhanced
  Evince document viewer that pan scroll
  mode (like "Hand tool" in Adobe
  Reader) is added. It's probably
  suitable for touch panel based
  computers. The code changes are based
  on a patch written by Stephen Sugden.
  (http://mail.gnome.org/archives/evince-list/2009-June/msg00027.html)

But more importantly, it doesn't seem to have packages for Lucid. So it will not help you anyways.

Backporting it on your own

So since its safe, is it doable? It depends on just how much you want it. Unfortunately, it would take quite a bit of work to backport Evince 2.32.x to Lucid. Backporting a singe package isn't that much work, but looking at the source code I can see that it's not just Evince that needs backporting. It needs newer versions of libglib2.0-dev, libgtk2.0-dev, libpoppler-glib-dev, and libcairo2-dev that are not available in Lucid. Those are core GNOME libraries that are about the complete opposite of "leaf" packages. You would need to backport the entire chain of dependencies.

In short, doing so is very complicated , time consuming, and potentially dangerous.


ROOT_MISMATCH in syncdaemon.log - This normally indicates that there may be two Ubuntu One accounts, one in the local cache and another setup in the keyring. This happens if the user installed Ubuntu One with one account and then sets up the computer again with a different account (but all the old Ubuntu One files in ~/.local/share/ubuntuone are still there under the old account). Working around this:

Open Applications->Accessories->Terminal and run:

u1sdtool -q; killall ubuntuone-login ubuntuone-preferences;
sudo rm -rf ~/.local/share/ubuntuone
rm -rf ~/.cache/ubuntuone
rm -rf ~/.config/ubuntuone
mv ~/Ubuntu\ One/ ~/Ubuntu\ One_old/

Open Applications->Accessories->Passwords and Encryption Keys, go to the Passwords tab, delete the Ubuntu One and Desktopcouch tokens by right-clicking on them and selecting "Delete".

Back in a terminal session, run:

u1sdtool -q; killall ubuntuone-login; u1sdtool -c

To get things functioning again, all I had to do was delete my ~/.local/share/ubuntuone directory as indicated above. The u1sdtool line noted above did nothing for me.  I mention this just so you do not stop prematurely.  Hope this helps.


Why do I have 10 partitions ? Which one should I choose to give Linux more memory?

Your biggest partition (sda4) is the windows partition. You can move some of it over to your Ubuntu partition (ext4). The swap partition is used by Ubuntu when your RAM is full. ntfs is the Microsoft file system, so everything with ntfs is windows-related. I'm not sure why you have so many ntfs partitions and what they're for. The efi system partition is OS independent and it's for booting your OS.

On my laptop I have a EFI system partition, Microsoft reserved partition, windows partition, Ubuntu partition, swap partition, and a windows recovery partition.


problem solved, I installed "qml-module-qtquick-xmllistmodel" and rebooted and this solved it!


This monstrosity is achieved by a tool called Xmodmap. You will need to create a file, called .Xmodmap in your home directory. Search over the net for instructions on how to fill it.
Many xmodmap manuals tell you to run it manually - you don't need to, the file will be applied on relogin automatically.


Here is what worked for me to activate my Nvidia card (I put all the steps even if you have done some already) :

Remove all old Nvidia & Nvidia related packages :

sudo apt-get purge libvdpau-va-gl1 bumblebee* nvidia*

Install Nvidia driver :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352

Open Nvidia X Server Settings, go in PRIME Profiles and select Nvidia (High Performance Mode)

You can also install prime-indicator that will let you quickly switch between your Intel HD 4000 graphics and your Nvidia GT 740m card :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install prime-indicator

Prime-indicator and screenshot credit to Webupd8.


"ns2" is usually built from source code, when you want to add an extra protocol. All ~300 patches (extra protocols) https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B7S255p3kFXNZ2lWZDBRSW40Q00?usp=sharing

'ns-2.35' Ubuntu 17.10 example: sudo apt install g++-5 → I.e. no later than g++-5 (<=5.4) can be used. Note : You can have as many gcc versions as you want, installed at the same time.

tar xvf ns-allinone-2.35_gcc5.tar.gz           // 2014 - 2017 update  → →

→ https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7S255p3kFXNVVlxR0ZNRGVORjQ/view?usp=sharing

cd ns-allinone-2.35/
export CC=gcc-5 CXX=g++-5 && ./install
                   // if Ubuntu 16.04, the build command is './install' only
cd ns-2.35/
sudo make install

The ~2500 simulations https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B7S255p3kFXNSmRYb2lGcDRUdWs?usp=sharing


I have a Mouse with 3 buttons and I've configured them based on this thread.

You will have to install xev to determine the mouse buttons and clicks.

sudo apt-get install xev
xev

run it in a terminal

it should prompt you a box figure point your mouse there and click your mouse from left click to right click as well as the buttons do this one at a time and take note of the button number(e.g left click = button = 1 )

then you can proceed to mapping by editing your xorg.conf(But make sure to have a backup first.

cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.old
vi /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Add this to the end of the line

Section "InputDevice"
        Identifier      "Configured Mouse"
        Driver          "mouse"
        Option          "CorePointer"
        Option          "Device"                "/dev/input/mice"
        Option          "Protocol"              "ExplorerPS/2"
        Option          "ZAxisMapping"          "6 7"
        Option          "Emulate3Buttons"       "true"
EndSection

Logout then login back again.

This is only an example of what I had where 8 and 9 are my buttons for forward and back mappings.

for more information I suggest you visit this link.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MouseCustomizations

If it works, in discord settings in key bindings look for push to talk and assign the button you want.

Hope this helps.


MT7601U USB WiFi driver installing error?

Your driver is certainly too old. It's from 2013.

Try looking for a newer, supported, driver here.


I'm using Ubuntu 14.10 in a G751.

There was only one problem during install, and is easily solved booting with the nomodeset option.

May be this info could be useful to you or others:

Create a Live USB with starup disk creator or UNetbootin.
Turn on your g751 and press esc to see the boot menu, then select your usb drive.
When you see the grub menu, move the cursor to "try ubuntu..." (I choose try ubuntu, so I can partition my drive with gparted) press e to edit the boot options and add add "nomodeset" after "quiet splash" and press F10 to boot.

Install and reboot, when you are on grub screen, press e again to change to add the nomodeset option. After you boot your system for first time you can make the nomodeset option permanent. Edit the grub file using -

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

add "nomodeset" after "quiet splash" and save

sudo update-grub

Go to nvidia.com and download the lastest drivers.Then press ctrl+alt+F1 to see tty1 login in that console kill the x server and run the nvidia installation script, but first you'll need to give execution permission to that file.

sudo service lightdm stop (kill x server)
cd ~/Downloads (or where you downloaded your file)
chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-346.35.run (file downloaded from nvidia web page)
sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-346.35.run

reboot when finish.

More info:

How do I set 'nomodeset' after I've already installed Ubuntu?

What does `nomodeset` do

http://rog.asus.com/forum/showthread.php?54491-Installing-Arch-Linux-on-my-G751-JY

http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2014/09/nvidia-343-22-install-in-ubuntu-1404/

How to install NVIDIA.run?


Converting Celsius Processor Temperature to Fahrenheit

According to the Conky help, you can specify this in the config file  ~/.conkyrc

Quote:

  temperature_unit

  Desired output unit of all objects displaying a temperature. Parameters are either "fahrenheit" or "celsius". The default unit is
  degree Celsius.


Black Login Screen after installing updates 12.04

I tried your solution but it didn't seem to work. I removed my fglrx driver by the following command:

sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh

And then my desktop came back after reboot. Then reinstalled ATI catalyst driver. Now, everything is working fine.


Sorry, I got confused by Automatic login mentioned in the question. For reset the keyring setting, delete all the files with .keyring exntention from ~/.gnome2/keyrings/ location. Open Pasword and keys setting, create a new Password Keyring entry with name login and enter the same password as your login account. Then it will accept your login password as keyring password and you won't get the keyring password prompts.


Short answer: you can't.

This is an encrypted file distributed by Wikileaks. You can't open it without decryption key only known to a few people in Wikileaks. The decryption key will not be released unless something serious happens to e.g. Julian Assange (that's why file is called insurance).


Just run:

/etc/init.d/ntlmaps restart

at the terminal.


Black Screen on Boot-up Ubuntu 20.04 LTS when not plugged in, Dual Graphics Vega 8 and GTX 1650

If anyone has the same issue, here's how I solved it:

Boot into Ubuntu with power plugged in. Hopefully, you should be able to successfully boot.

Modify the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT kernel variable in /etc/default/grub: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash dis_ucode_ldr"

$ sudo update-grub

Reboot.

Install proprietary drivers from Nvidia.

Hopefully, that solves the issue.


Ubuntu Server - IP address configuration

Trying to get Apache working
Hi LRL! Given your problem description we will discuss what we would attempt to fix the issue. I hope it helps!
Conventions :)
Please note we'll refer to apache2 as a process, service or daemon interchangeably. The meaning we personally confer to these is:

Process: A running program/piece of code plus its data. Anything running in a computer from a browser to the kernel is a process.
Service: A process that offers some kind of facility like printer spoolers or a database.
Daemon: A process that's not designed to interact with the user directly, be it through a terminal, a graphical user interface (GUI)...

Then apache is a process like any other that offers a HTTP server as a service and that behaves like a daemon as we configure it through *.conf files but don't interact with it while it's running in the common way. Some people will not agree with our view but this is what we'll use throughout the following discussion.
Now, let's get down to business!
Don't forget the sockets!
First check that the HTTP daemon is indeed listening. As you could run ip addr with no problems it means you have the iproute2 suite installed. This suite is just a bunch of tools that let you retrieve information about your network stack as well as configure it. You can read more on it here as well as see how they relate to the old net-tools counterparts. One of iproute2's bundled tools is ss which will let you inspect socket statistics. You can consult the manpage with man ss but long story short you need to run ss -lt. This invocation is leveraging the following options:

-l: List listening sockets only. This will get rid of a ton of sockets your system keeps open for a myriad of tasks.
-t: List TCP ports only. As seen at the end of section 1.4 on the HTTP/1.1 RFC this application layer protocol runs on the TCP transport protocol. Hence, we can just get rid of sockets relying on different underlying protocols and make our output even smaller.

On a system we have just installed apache2 onto, the output for the above command was:
foo@coruscant~$ ss -lt
State           Recv-Q          Send-Q                   Local Address:Port                      Peer Address:Port          Process
LISTEN          0               4096                     127.0.0.53%lo:domain                         0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN          0               5                            127.0.0.1:ipp                            0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN          0               511                                  *:http                                 *:*
LISTEN          0               5                                [::1]:ipp                               [::]:*

As the socket exists on our machine we are concerned with the Local Address:Port column which lists the VM's listening sockets. You'll see that the third row contains the *:http value. This is just showing that our socket is listening on all network interfaces attached to the machine (we could be running a server with 2 NICs (Network Interface Cards) for instance) and that it's binded to port 80 the default for HTTP as you could see in the RFC I linked above. Just out of curiosity you could try running ss -ltn to prevent ss from assigning special names to well known ports. You would see *:80 instead of *:http in the value we discussed. Anyway, we can see that the HTTP socket is up and running and that our machine will accept traffic sent to port 80. If your output didn't show this port open consider restoring Apache with sudo systemctl restart apache2 as this is a condition for the web server to serve clients.
Just for the sake of completeness you could also run nmap against your machine. Nmap is a network scanner that can give a lot of information about a host. You can read through its manpage as it's a rather powerful tool but you can just run nmap -A -p 80 localhost from within the VM to scan the HTTP port. The scan results will let you know if the port is open or not. The -A enables version discovery but slows the process so you might as well try to run nmap -p 80 localhost and you'll also know whether the port is open or not. As you might have guessed, the -p 80 option limits the scan to the HTTP port. Note that if you didn't have nmap installed you'll need to run sudo apt install nmap to get it. It's also a good idea to run sudo apt update before installing so that you get the latest version. Even though this second alternative is feasible it might be overkill for the problem at hand. We thought it would be nice to mention it nonetheless :). We're attaching my VM's output so that you know what to expect:
foo@coruscant~$ nap -A -p 80 localhost
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-11-09 11:46 GMT
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000072s latency).
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): ::1

PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.41 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page: It works

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 6.43 seconds

Is apache configured correctly?
Now that we know the HTTP port is working okay let's take a look at apache's configuration file. As with other services, apache's config lives under /etc. You just need to navigate to /etc/apache2 and inspect the various text files of interest. In our case we want to check whether the default site is enabled. To do that we just need to run cat /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf. This should output something like the following:
<VirtualHost *:80>
    # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
    # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
    # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
    # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
    # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
    # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
    # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
    #ServerName www.example.com

    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html

    # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
    # error, crit, alert, emerg.
    # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
    # modules, e.g.
    #LogLevel info ssl:warn

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

    # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
    # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
    # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
    # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
    # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
    #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf
</VirtualHost>

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

The line we are the most interested in is <VirtualHost *:80> which tells us we have indeed configured a server on port 80 and listening on all interfaces. What's more, the DocumentRoot /var/www/html line states that this is the directory we'll look through to serve webpages. Just if you are curious you can run cat /var/www/html/index.html. That index.html is the site apache is serving when we connect to it!
Should the /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf file not exist you need to run a2ensite 000-default.conf to enable the site. Note this last command might need sudo prepended to it depending on how you've configured your server's permissions. The a2ensite script will just create a symbolic link (like the ones we make with ln -s within /etc/apache2/sites-enabled to a file in /etc/apache2/sites-available. That way you can have multiple "sites" defined and only use a subset of them at any given time. If you run file /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf you'll indeed see it's just a symlink :P.
Then it must be the network configuration...
Now we are sure of 3 things:

apache2 is running.
It's listening on port 80.
The default site is enabled.

Please bear in mind all the networking commands we'll be including are to be run on the VM, not on the host, unless we explicitly state we want to run a command on the host.
This means the error is most likely in how the network between your host and the VM is configured. First of all, you cannot use the NAT mode when configuring the VM's networking. Due to the very nature of NAT you won't be able to reach your server unless you forward a port on it to the server manually. We have never done it with VirtualBox and don't even know if it's feasible so we'll just steer clear of it.
I personally recommend you configure it with a bridged adapter. This will make your VM join whatever LAN your host PC is connected to as if it were a totally independent machine from the network topology point of view. It's as if your host and VM were connected by a bridge which is a layer 2 device that's not taken into account by the IP protocol which lives in the 3rd layer. You can see that if you configure your VM in this way its gateway is the same as your host's. You can check so by running ip route | head -n 1 | awk '{print $3}' in both and seeing you get the same IP address which is presumably your access router's IP in your LAN. The previous command just prints the route table with ip route, gets the first line which is the default route with head -n 1 and prints the third word which is the gateway's address with awk '{print $3}'. The pipe character | will redirect the output of the command on its left to the input of the command on its right so that we can use several in a coordinated manner. This is a "UNIXy" way of doing things in case you want to do some computer science archaeology :P.
If both PCs do have the same gateway you should be able to ping one from the other and vice versa. To do that you need to know your VM's IP within the LAN. You can get it by running ip addr and checking the assigned IP to your NIC. As you said the interface name enp0s3 showed up you should then see an IPv4 address next to it. Let's say that address is X.X.X.X, then, if you run ping X.X.X.X from your host you should get a reply. If for whatever reason there's no IP associated with the enp0s3 interface just look for an IP within your subnet associated to another one: I cannot guess how you have set up your server...
If you don't get a reply then you'll need to go through the VMs network configuration and make sure everything is set up correctly. If you have internet connectivity from the VM then an interface other than loopback needs to have an assigned IP address so that should be the one you use. If after the above it still doesn't work please attach the complete output of ip addr on the server as well as the complete network configuration for your VM via screenshot for example.
If on the other hand the ping was successful you just need to open a browser in your host machine and type http://X.X.X.X and you should see apache's welcome page :P. I have only tried this from within a VM I had running on my machine so you might run into some "this page is not secure" issues due to HTTP depending on how you specify the URL in the browser. If you explicitly include http in the URL you should not have any problems though. Nonetheless, these issues are beyond the scope of the question so if they take place consider opening a new one.
Best of luck!
I hope the answer was helpful! If there's anything unclear or if you find any type/mistake please feel free to edit the answer or get back to me to help you further. I would nevertheless like to ask you to please provide ip addr's output if you need any further assistance as I'm still in the dark as to what your server's network setup is.
I'm sure you'll get this fixed in no time! :P


I have the same problem and according to this bug report

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xserver-xorg-video-intel/+bug/975689

it is connected with the kernel and the Intel cpu. Fix seems to be committed and should come with the updates.


Apparently you don't want to check that there is such a string as grep $pattern $file but whether there is any output from the command, so something like [[ $(grep foo bar) ]] would work. Or as @steeldriver pointed out, you can simply check the exit status of grep:

echo "enter file name: "
read file
echo "enter pattern: "
read pattern
if grep -q "$pattern" "$file"; then
   echo "yeah, got it"
   else echo "nope, sorry, got nothing"
fi

Obviously, fix the caps. Echo is not a command.


Error while running Bash Script within landscape web UI

One gets that error message when one asks cp to copy a directory. cp needs the --recursive option to copy directories, or you could

 cp --recursive $LANDSCAPE_ATTACHMENTS /home/afadmin/Downloads/

or

 cp $LANDSCAPE_ATTACHMENTS/* /home/afadmin/Downloads


apt-file search gives the information

$ apt-file search --regex  /cairo.h$
libcairo2-dev: /usr/include/cairo/cairo.h

Because of that execute

sudo apt install libcairo2-dev

and compile with

g++ screenshot.cpp $(pkg-config --libs --cflags cairo)


In Ubuntu 16.04, the default PHP version is 7.x. Package php5-imagick is for PHP version 5.x. The correct package is php-imagick. So you have to:

sudo apt install imagemagick php-imagick


The server name is actually dhcp3-server

This is actually a transitional package to the actual DHCP server that is shipped, which is isc-dhcp-server

More info on how to search packages here:

Is there a way to check if a program is available in the repository by commandline?


i ran boot-repair again. windows is bootable now.


Login/logoff and alert sounds are not working?

The following command should do the trick for you

  sudo cp /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/* /usr/share/sounds/

You may have to reboot your system.  Let me know if this gets you up and running.


I forgot to put how I solved this whenever I first figured it out, but I'm answering this anyway to help anyone else who might have this problem. The person was using a very old graphics card and it was not fully supported by the Nouveau driver. I set it to use the Nvidia legacy binary driver (304.135) and it worked.


i can't answer this specifically. but, i have seen a lot of questions about a dual boot with win 10.  i tried the same thing and same problem.  i could dual boot. but, had to go through hoops.  the windows boot loader didn't work. had to manually go in & select the partition to boot from.  HOWEVER, recently, i had a bad sector & reinstall ubuntu. (something else)  with automatic updating. that install keeps the data but reloads the system. i got back my system.  noticed that grub2 was updated. AND, now the ubuntu dual boot loader works.  my 2c.  suggest a reinstall with updating commponents. (it also got my flash viewer to upgrade & work)  using Ubuntu 16.0.4 LGT


So Ubuntu has pango in the gir1.2-pango-1.0 package. Reinstalling that package fixed the problem.


libqt5gamepad5-dev not available in 18.04 repos?

That's right, the package libsq5gamepad5 and it's associated -dev are not in the 18.04 repositories. They were added to Ubuntu during the later 18.10 cycle, and are in releases of Ubuntu 18.10 and newer.

Deb packages in the repositories are re-built for each new release of Ubuntu. The easiest way to use the package is to migrate to a newer release of Ubuntu that has the package.

We generally recommend against trying to use a wrong-release package on your Ubuntu system. While an expert may (or may not) be able to make it work using a bit of dpkg magic, a new user is much more likely to merely break their system.


Is it possible to install CUDA and nVidia drivers in Ubuntu 11.10 that is installed in an external HDD?

Everything should work the same way whether ubuntu is installed on an internal or external drive.

The one thing that will make a difference is how you install it. If you install it from another computer/OS with the USB installer, you will get the "Try or install" screen on boot. This will not be exactly the same.

If you install it on the external drive, the same way you would if it were an internal one, then that is the "normal PC version". There is no difference. In fact, I've installed it on USB flash drives this way, and the only difference is that they are slower than internal hard drives. Just make sure that you choose the right drive when installing so you don't erase anything important. This includes GRUB, which should be installed on the external drive as well.


Wifi on my laptop drops after just less than a minute, while the network manager still says "connected"

I suggest disabling FW control power save by running

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8821ae.conf <<< "options rtl8821ae fwlps=0"

Reboot to apply.


Can the Amazon Kindle work with my Ubuntu hotspot?

Most wireless hotspots created using a wireless adapter are not true "infrastructure" access points but are "ad-hoc" peer-to-peer networks.

Unfortunately, as the error indicates, the Kindle does not support ad-hoc or enterprise networks, only the "infrastructure" kind which is usually created with a wireless router or wireless access point.


Where did packages full descriptions go?

Long story short, the long descriptions were removed from the core Packages files, no doubt to lower their file-size. Localised descriptions are shipped out in separate files and the main packages list only has a skimpy version, like:

Description: terminal-based package manager

But I'm British (en-GB) so when apt-get update happens, you can see it downloading translations for both US English and GB English:

Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-proposed/main Translation-en
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-proposed/main Translation-en_GB

Both of these files have a separate localised version of the long description but the British trumps that colonial gobbledygook, so when I run apt-cache show aptitude on 14.04, I see:

Description-en_GB: terminal-based package manager
 aptitude is a package manager with a number of useful features, including:
 a mutt-like syntax for matching packages in a flexible manner, dselect-
 like persistence of user actions, the ability to retrieve and display the
 Debian changelog of most packages, and a command-line mode similar to that
 of apt-get.
 .
 aptitude is also Y2K-compliant, non-fattening, naturally cleansing, and
 housebroken.

That you're not seeing translations suggests that your language has no translation so it's just using the default one-liner from the main Packages list.

You can see a list of available translations in the relevant i18n directory listing. Have a look at yours. Confirm the missing translation and then do... Something. I'm honestly not sure what the process is for adding a new package translation.

Or as muru suggests, you may have disabled translations. Even if you haven't you could hack that to download en translations, even if you aren't English (as long as you can read it!)


Found an answer:

Some of the (initial) settings of gmplayer are done in the skins definitions. These are found in /usr/share/mplayer/skins/, and usually default points to the folder clearplayer. You may change that in the context menu of gmplayer, section skin browser. The following refers to skin clearplayer.

Open the skin configuration file:

sudo nano /usr/share/mplayer/skins/default/skin (use your preferred editor).

Now find the line reading something like

hpotmeter  = vol,   18, 14, NULL, 100,  0, 331, 64,  45, 14, evSetVolume

The important information is the event to trigger (evSetVolume). The values set are

vol: The name of the button image

18, 14: The size of the button image

NUll, 100: Information about special potentiometer phases

0: The default (startup) value

331, 64, 45, 14: The geometry of the box for the slider.

So, to set the default (initial) value of the volume say to 100%, just modify the default from 0 to 100. The documentation says you might even set it to - (hyphen) to respect the last value, but that did not work for me.

If there is an entry potmeter = ... evSetVolume, remove that, as it is deprecated (it will give you an error).

For more information on gmplayer skins, see http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/skin.html.


How can I rectify the numerous error messages that appear when installing packages?

Use pre-compiled packages when available

As it is true for general packages, so it is true for R packages. Use Ubuntu's application package download and install system to get R packages.

To find out if a particular R package is available in the R-CRAN repositories, open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter:

apt-cache search tidyverse

You will see a list of packages associated with tidyverse:

r-cran-sjmisc - GNU R package "Data and Variable Transformation Functions"
r-cran-tidyverse - GNU R package "Easily Install and Load the 'Tidyverse'"
r-cran-tidyquant - GNU R package "Tidy Quantitative Financial Analysis"
r-cran-rlang - GNU R package "Functions for Base Types and Core R and
r-cran-tidyselect - GNU R package "Select from a Set of Strings"
r-cran-sugrrants - GNU R package "Supporting Graphs for Analysing Time
r-cran-tidyimpute - GNU R package "Imputation the Tidyverse Way"
r-cran-pivot - GNU R package "'SQL' PIVOT and UNPIVOT"
r-cran-tidycensus - GNU R package "Load US Census Boundary and Attribute Data
r-cran-janitor - GNU R package "Simple Tools for Examining and Cleaning
r-cran-areal - GNU R package "Areal Weighted Interpolation"
r-cran-moderndive - GNU R package "Tidyverse-Friendly Introductory Linear

The package you are looking for is second in the list. All R packages have the prefix r-cran-.

To install the R package, enter:

sudo apt install r-cran-tidyverse

You will be asked for your password. When you enter the password, the cursor will not move and you will not see *******. This is normal in Ubuntu.

Installing R packages in this way has two benefits:

It will keep fGarch up-to-date. Whenever fGarch is updated in R-Cran repository, it will be updated in your computer along with the system update process.
All users of this computer will be able to use the fGarch package within R and RStudio.

See R and RStudio installation and package error for more details.

The error:

The error you are seeing is because curl is not installed in your Ubuntu. Ubuntu uses wget while other distributions use curl to download system packages. When you are trying to install a package from within R (or RStudio) it is trying to install an Ubuntu system package curl. This does not work, as RStudio does not have sudo privileges.

To solve this problem, install curl at the Ubuntu system level by:

sudo apt install curl

This will install curl in Ubuntu and allow R to use curl.

Hope this helps


python2 - taskcoach and Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS

It clearly states it depends on those packages, then why do you change the status file? The dependent packages should be added to fix this.


Graphics card is not recognized in System info

Welcome Thomas! Run "Additional Drivers" and install the one recommended and reboot your Ubuntu.It may help you.


Why I need to press F9 everytime I want to choose between two OS?

Check if there's a boot option "OS boot manager" in your UEFI (I assume it's UEFI and not Legacy). If there is, give it highest boot priority.


How do I rescue my Ubuntu server from the sever ISO ubuntu-18.04.1-live-server-amd64.ISO?

Boot your live system and right after the bios POST press shift or esc (I read that somewhere and just alternated so I don't know which or maybe both work).  Then you can choose the "advanced" options and rescue mode is one of them, after which you can choose "root" to drop to a  root shell.


Is it Neccesary to delete the partitions before reinstalling Ubuntu 12.10

No, there is no need to partition a drive before we install or re-install Ubuntu in an uncomlicted default setting. The installer will take care of this for you.

When booting the live CD on a system which already has 12.10 installed you will see the following screen after choosing "Intall Ubuntu":

This will let you choose to

"Reinstall" with keeping your HOME and settings for your applications.
"Erase and reinstall" with deleting everything.

Which option is best for you depends entirely on the reasons you have for reinstalling, and also on your machine's further setup, e.g. you may not want to choose "Erase.." in case you are dual-booting another OS.

In general the swap partition will be used by the new installation and unless we need to resize it there will be no need to delete it.


Is there a way to let me know if I have the Intel VT-x option enabled

Install cpu-checker , e.g.:

sudo apt-get install cpu-checker

Then check if you can run KVM by using kvm-ok:

$ kvm-ok
INFO: /dev/kvm exists
KVM acceleration can be used

  or to activate it without using the BIOS?

No.


pip produces warnings upon trying to install Django and setuptools- Xubuntu 14.04 x64

In Ubuntu/Xubuntu 14.04 and later, open the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install python-django

This will install Django 1.6.1. The latest release of Django that you get by installing it with pip is 1.7.3.

In order to prevent collisions when installing two or more different versions of the same Python package, you should be using Python virtual environment creator (python-virtualenv) from the default Ubuntu repositories. The virtualenv utility creates virtual Python instances, each invokable with its own Python executable. Each instance can have different sets of modules. Virtual Python instances can also be created without root access. You can install python-django from the Ubuntu Software Center in the usual way using sudo apt-get install and also another version of Django inside a Python virtual environment  without root access using pip install.


Sound input and output suddenly stopped working on a Dell Inspiron 13 with Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

First of all I'd like to thank AEM for pointing me to this link: Sound Stopped Working (Speakers and Headphones)

I had tried everything and was desperate when I posted here.

In the end, just following the steps in This link solved the problem.

In other words, just downloading and installing the .deb Here.

Thanks again.


Black or purple screen instead of log in

Finally.

The problem solved simply by removing xorg.conf file, however it was not located under /etc/X11 folder, as most answers in the link suggested by M. Becerra point to, but it was located under /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/xorg.conf.

Removed\purged nvidia drivers completely, removed xorg.conf from live CD (could use tty as well), and now it works.

I was confused by the fact that most answers said that xorg.conf should be under etc/X11, probably outdated information.

I don't have enough reputation to comment those answers, please, someone, update information in here: My computer boots to a black screen, what options do I have to fix it?

And yes, it was my own mistake, because I broke xorg.conf file while trying to add dummy monitor for teamviewer access.

Ok, wait, it does not work completley, now it seems to be in login loop mentioned there... trying to solve that problem now...

Ok, now my broke something else trying to run ubuntu-drivers autoinstall, or whatever the command is, and no I got nothing, no tty, no login screen, just the black screen with cursor, and some commands running when I plug usb drive in or out. All servers still work in the background.

frak this, Ill just reinstall it.


How to disable Unity panel focus keyboard shortcut Alt + F1

I have the same problem in "Unity 2D" mode in the logon screen (metacity + unity-2d-shell). I tried all "known" stuff (gconf + dconf + gsettings) - it doesn't help.

But if switching to "Unity" mode in the logon screen (compiz + unity-shell) and tweaking in compizconfig-settings-manager- everything works fine!

So if you don't mind switching to "Unity" - then you will be fine :)


Wireless card not detected by lspci, lsusb, dmesg

First, I suggest that you remove ndiswrapper. From the terminal:

sudo apt-get purge ndiswrapper*

Next, let's try to install the missing firmware file.

cd /lib/firmware/brcm
sudo wget https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/blob/master/brcm80211/brcm/brcmfmac43430-sdio.txt

Reboot and tell us if there is any improvement. Post a new message log reading:

dmesg | grep -i sdio


How can I get gnome-keyring-daemon to prompt for ssh-key password in the terminal instead of the GUI

If you don't insist on using gnome-keyring it is easy. ssh-agent is the tool you want. You can add keys to the running agent with ssh-add path/to/keyfile and list the active keys with ssh-add -l.

After you have added a key to the agent you can use ssh like you are now, but the keys are provided by ssh-agent.


How do I keep stored passwords from Ubuntu 10.04?

try Using firefox sync feature.

https://wiki.mozilla.org/Firefox_Sync


You can improve your boot time by:

Move the update check from boot to sometime later by running sudo systemctl edit apt-daily.timer and changing to something like:

# apt-daily timer configuration override
[Timer]
OnBootSec=15min
OnUnitActiveSec=1d
AccuracySec=1h
RandomizedDelaySec=30min

Refer to this answer for more complete explanation.
If you're not using your computer remotely by yourself or someone else you can disable the NetworkManager-wait-online.service which just make sure networking is online and available by running sudo systemctl disable NetworkManager-wait-online.service.

I guess these will cut off roughly 40 seconds of boot time.


how to download a CVS reposititory from sourceforge

After you have logged in:

cvs checkout [repository]


Switching to Ctrl+Alt+F1 and back to desktop (Ctrl+Alt+F7) : Blank Screen and garbled display

OK - my thoughts on trying to triage this.

Is this a compiz issue?
Try logging in as ubuntu classic

Switch off all visual effects.  Does the garbled display occur?  If not, likely to be a compiz issue.  If it does, maybe a nvidia driver issue.

Now switch on visual effects - Does the garbled display occur?  If not, then likely to be a Unity type issue. If it does, more likely to be a compiz issue.

Is this a driver issue?
Deactivate the nvidia driver through the Additional Drivers window.  Does the garbled display occur? If it doesnt then is likely to be a nvidia driver vs compiz issue.

CCSM was deliberately left out of the default install, because it was found that users making changes could make the graphical display unstable.  If you have been playing with various CCSM setting maybe this is your issue.

Try resetting compiz to its defaults:

gconftool-2 --recursive-unset /apps/compiz
sudo reboot --

Repeat the above to see if the issue was due to changes in compiz that you may have made.


Are you sure that your Document consists only of 1 page ? That happend to me a few times. Another posibillity is the opening "export as PDF" dialog gives you the posibillity to define the Range you want to export.

All

Pages

Selection

You could try to set Pages to 1 there.


How do I burn Mp3 files in to a CD so I can listen them in my stereo?

Brasero, the default CD/DVD burning software, should be capable of this regardless of whether your stereo is mp3 compatible or not (try both, CDR media is cheap..)

For an MP3 CD, use "Data project". For an audio disk, use "Audio project".


How to make sure a linux kernel version includes GTP module?

The GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) is split into a control plane and a user plane. While the control plane is concerned with the signaling, i.e. the establishment and tear-down of tunnels for PDP-contexts, the user plane is carrying all the user IP data inside the tunnel. osmo-gtp-kernel is an implementation of the GTP-U (user plane) inside the Linux kernel. Linux Kernel GTP-U is included in the mainline Linux kernel since version 4.7.0.1

Linux kernel version later than 4.7.0 is installed by default in Ubuntu 16.10 and later releases.

1Source: Wiki - Linux Kernel GTP-U


How to map right/left click scroll down/up to F1 F2 F3 F4?

I used xmodmap and xdotool, and I made the best use of them. xmodmap is better for left and right click. Shortcut using xdotool is better for scroll down and up.

I will show all steps to let the user decide which keys and buttons they want to remap.

0 - Discover keys names

With xev you discover:

F1 : keycode 67

F2 : keycode 68

F3 : keycode 69

F4 : keycode 70

Left click: Pointer_Button1

Right click: Pointer_Button3

Scroll Down: Pointer_Button5

Scroll Up:   Pointer_Button6

1 - Use F1 and F2 to left and right click

Use xmodmap to really remap keys (better than shortcuts, because it allows drag and drop)

xmodmap -e "keycode 67 = Pointer_Button3"
xmodmap -e "keycode 68 = Pointer_Button1 Pointer_Button1"

This solution derived partially from here.

2 - Create shortcuts for scroll down and up

keyboard > shortcuts > "+" > ...

Scroll down and shortcut F3

xdotool click 5

Scroll up and shortcut F4

xdotool click 4

Restore default configuration of xmodmap:

setxkbmap -option


usb drive not detected, but is visible in the Disks application. lsusb can see it

I was able to solve this problem using the following webpage: https://www.linuxuprising.com/2018/09/easily-format-usb-flash-drive-on-ubuntu.html
This directs you to http://packages.linuxmint.com/pool/main/m/mintstick/. The mintstick application link, if you select package installer as the link response will fail. You have to select save to disk, then run the .deb file from Downloads, or wherever it was saved to. Click on the .deb file, and Ubuntu will say it's not compatible. Press install button, anyway, and then you can use it to reformat the misbehaving drives, and all is as it should be.


Seems like its the DVD's fault.

Follow these instructions from the official page:
https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#0
-how to create a bootable USB-Stick

https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-install-ubuntu-desktop#0
-how to install Ubuntu


configuring separate X screens instead of TwinView

The problem is discussed in the forum: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1972628&page=2
There's also a launchpad bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1002641
Vote for it to give it higher priority


Does vim/vi/nano/etc lock files from being written to?

vim doesn't do this, but I'm not sure about the others. However, there's a very simple way to check this:

Open up two terminal windows (konsole, gnome-terminal, etc), and run the following commands in the first console:

touch ~/test.txt
vim ~/test.txt

Now, in your second console, type the following:

echo "This is a test" >> ~/test.txt

If the file is locked by vim, your command in the second console will fail, as the file cannot be written to. It won't fail. Repeat with whatever editor you want as step #2 in the first console.

Obviously, if you try and save any changes in your first console, you're wandering into uncharted territory, but as far as appending to log files go, this is safe.

Some editors, such as vim, gedit and others, create a "shadow" file when opening a file to indicate that the file is open in the editor. This is not locking, and does nothing to other applications on your system - it merely serves as a way for the editor to know that the file is open.


There is a Chrome/Chromium extension which does exactly what you want to achieve.

You can get it from here:
https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/autoscroll/occjjkgifpmdgodlplnacmkejpdionan

The description says it works on every page except chrome:// sites (which have extensions disabled) and some XHTML sites, but else than that it should work (according to the description).


If you do not shy away from doing a fresh installation, you could install Ubuntu Server and choosing only the minimal installation. After that, only install packages (i.e. a desktop environment) using:

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends package-name

The --no-installation-recommends flag installs packages with only the main dependencies needed but without the recommended.

EDIT:

If you do not want to write --no-installation-recommends every time you install a package, you can configure the apt-get default behavior to do this automatically by adding the following line to your /etc/apt/apt.conf file:

APT::Install-Recommends "false";

To undo this, either simply delete the edited line or comment it out by adding two // at the beginning of the line.

//APT::Install-Recommends "false";

See man apt.conf for more details.


14.04 Hibernate no longer works, system wakes right back up

Based on the log, it looks like the system received an event that took it out of sleep immediately.

Have you started using any new USB devices, like a new mouse or keyboard?

What I found doing research is that it's likely a device sending the signal to wake up when it shouldn't be.


Eclipse on Ubuntu - multiple installation

Eclipse installation is actually a zip file that can be extracted into some folder of your choice. You may have two Eclipse installed by naming the directories with a different name (e.g. eclipse_java and eclipse_php).
There is no problem with that because Eclipse doesn't store anything outside of its directory and the Workspace directory.


You can install VLC with snap. It seems to fit since you have a dependency problem.

snap install vlc

Edit :

As pointed in this thread, if your files are stored on a dedicated drive you may want to install VLC with the --classic flag.

snap install --classic vlc

I've just tried without --classic and ran into permission problems accessing files from my second hard drive in VLC.
The flag made the trick.
Thought it could be useful to point.


Why is chromium-browser 63 so much bigger than 62?

The size difference seems to be from a new v8_context_snapshot_generator binary file. I extracted the contents of the debs and compared them:

$ ls -sSh 6*/usr/lib/chromium-browser
61/usr/lib/chromium-browser:
total 222M
132M chromium-browser      5.0M libGLESv2.so                1.5M libVkLayer_unique_objects.so        1.1M chrome_200_percent.pak    220K natives_blob.bin       4.0K WidevineCdm            4.0K v8_build_config.json
 14M resources.pak     3.0M gn                  1.5M libVkLayer_swapchain.so         784K libVkLayer_threading.so   152K mus_app_resources_200.pak  4.0K angledata             0 libs
 13M ui.service        2.9M test_ime_driver.service         1.4M keyboard_resources.pak          772K chrome_100_percent.pak    128K views_mus_resources.pak    4.0K locales
9.8M icudtl.dat        2.6M libVkLayer_core_validation.so       1.2M brotli                  576K libwidevinecdmadapter.so   92K mus_app_resources_100.pak  4.0K plugins
9.0M headless_lib.pak      1.9M libVkLayer_parameter_validation.so  1.2M flatc                   508K libEGL.so          40K xdg-mime           4.0K swiftshader
6.7M font_service.service  1.6M libVkLayer_object_tracker.so        1.2M proto_zero_plugin           508K libwidevinecdm.so      36K xdg-settings           4.0K mus_app_resources_strings.pak
6.6M toolchain.ninja       1.5M snapshot_blob.bin           1.1M transport_security_state_generator  472K character_data_generator   16K chrome-sandbox         4.0K args.gn

63/usr/lib/chromium-browser:
total 270M
134M chromium-browser           3.0M test_ime_driver.service         1.2M snapshot_blob.bin           504K libEGL.so               44K chrome_100_percent.pak.info         4.0K WidevineCdm
 44M v8_context_snapshot_generator  2.7M libVkLayer_core_validation.so       1.2M brotli                  492K libwidevinecdm.so           44K chrome_200_percent.pak.info         4.0K angledata
 14M resources.pak          2.6M gn                  1.2M proto_zero_plugin           472K character_data_generator    40K xdg-mime                4.0K locales
 13M ui.service             1.9M libVkLayer_parameter_validation.so  1.2M flatc                   212K natives_blob.bin        36K views_mus_resources.pak.info        4.0K plugins
9.8M icudtl.dat             1.6M v8_context_snapshot.bin         1.1M transport_security_state_generator  188K headless_lib.pak.info       36K xdg-settings                4.0K swiftshader
9.1M headless_lib.pak           1.6M libVkLayer_object_tracker.so        1.1M chrome_200_percent.pak          156K resources.pak.info          16K chrome-sandbox              4.0K mus_app_resources_strings.pak
7.3M toolchain.ninja            1.5M libVkLayer_unique_objects.so        792K chrome_100_percent.pak          128K mus_app_resources_200.pak   12K mus_app_resources_strings.pak.info  4.0K args.gn
6.5M font_service.service       1.5M libVkLayer_swapchain.so         776K libVkLayer_threading.so         112K views_mus_resources.pak     12K mus_app_resources_100.pak.info      4.0K v8_build_config.json
5.3M libGLESv2.so           1.4M keyboard_resources.pak          576K libwidevinecdmadapter.so         72K mus_app_resources_100.pak   12K mus_app_resources_200.pak.info         0 libs

$ file 63/usr/lib/chromium-browser/v8_*
63/usr/lib/chromium-browser/v8_build_config.json:          ASCII text, with no line terminators
63/usr/lib/chromium-browser/v8_context_snapshot.bin:       data
63/usr/lib/chromium-browser/v8_context_snapshot_generator: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=99a63c90180ec5a32ea8861d44f405942ccbbdab, stripped

This seems to be a new tool meant to speed creation of V8 contexts. V8 is the JavaScript engine used by Chromium, and creating new V8 contexts is a significant part of the time taken for loading a webpage. The design document suggests that creating contexts from V8 context snapshots should lead to a speedup of up to 3x, and this is meant to be a helper program for creating snapshots in the first place.

However, reading the design doc suggests including the tool in the package might be an accident, and hence a packaging bug:

  How to create a snapshot?

  A snapshot is created in build time.  It means a snapshot is user
  independent.
  We make an executable file which is run on host side platform to make
  a snapshot. It simulates the behavior of
  LocalWindowProxy::Initialize() to create a v8::Context, and outputs a
  blob file as a result.

And:

  Concerns

  This feature increases 1.6MB APK size on Android. It may be large enough to cancel the win.

  Android has no extensions
  This feature can increase disk I/O and memory usages.

The implication is that v8_context_snapshot_generator is to be run during package build time, and not on individual user systems. And the relative small size predicted increase for Android suggests that it doesn't include a 44 MB tool.


How can I change resolution of "my video" in Skype?

There should be a skype configuration file in your home directory:

~/.Skype/YourUserName/config.xml

(Replace YourUserName with your skype user name). Open this file with a text editor, search for the <Video> tag and try to edit it match your preferred resolution:

<Video>
<CaptureHeight>240</CaptureHeight>
<CaptureWidth>320</CaptureWidth>
</Video>


I recommend to install Synapse. It works like you know it from Docky. I switched from Docky/Gnome-Do to Synapse because of its high performance.  Just run

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:synapse-core/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install synapse

More info on OMG!Ubuntu or Web Upd8.


Cannot resize Ubuntu disk using wubi-resize (Installed from Wubi)

I've solved it.

It seems I've put it an extra slash at the code:

sudo losetup -c /dev/loop0/

Whereas it should it be:

sudo losetup -c /dev/loop0

I've successfully expanded my partitions with no problems.


Installing the latest version of Spyder in 18.04

You are using an older version of pip, however version 19.0.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the pip install --upgrade pip command. The latest version of pip requires the latest stable version of Python (Python 2.7.15rc1) as a dependency. To upgrade pip run the following commands:

sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq spyder spyder3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install python2.7
sudo -H pip install --upgrade pip pip3

Then pip install -U --user spyder will run successfully.

To install Spyder for Python 3.x run pip3 install -U --user spyder


Format thumb drive with unneeded bootable iso

Follow these Steps:

In windows, open elevated command prompt (i.e. command prompt with admin privileges).
Type "disk part" in the elevated command prompt to open the disk partition utility.
Type "list disk" in the disk partition utility to display the available disk drives and find your usb drive number.
select your usb drive by using the command: "select disk"
for example if your disk is disk 1 then type "select disk 1".
It should say "disk 1 is now selected."
Type "clean"
Type "create partition primary".

That's it. done. your usb is now available to use.
Note that this USB will now be formatted and will not contain any data on it.

You can verify this by opening the disk management utility in windows. (to open just type "disk management" in search bar of windows 10 and open the "Create and format hard disk partitions" utility.

Your USB drive should be displayed as a single primary partition.


How to upgrade to 12.04 from 10.10 with a dell?

This thread suggests a direct upgrade is impossible I'm afraid. That concurs with what I thought when I saw your question too, as I'm sure I've seen this asked before. I would suggest backing up then installing clean for the best experience.


Not a solution, rather a workaround, suggested here, click on the little black cross on the right, and then you are redirected to the start menu, but then, opening or creating a doc won't have the blank toolbar anymore.


How do I save a list of packages which are installed from `initramfs`?

Instead of booting to intramfs using rdinit=/bin/sh use init=/bin/bash to get a bash shell.

Now your root file system is ready to investigate , run:

grep -i package: /var/lib/dpkg/status

it will show you all installed package in your broken system like:

...
Package: libunity-protocol-private0
Package: libvamp-hostsdk3v5
Package: libzltext-data
Package: linux-headers-generic
Package: libzlui-qt4
...

you can also get list of only names like this:

grep -i package: /var/lib/dpkg/status | awk -F ': ' '{ print $2 }'

we can even change the awk to '{ print $2, "install" }' so we can use the output with dpkg --set-selections to install them in new system.


I have the same problem with this two video cards, and I still can't find the answers... With the Intel video card, I can only run Unity2D, but with the AMD card the graphical interface only start in low graphics mode.


Download Manager for Ubuntu that can open multiple HTTP connections

Yes, there is. Run the following commands to install:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install aria2

Use aria2 basically just like wget. I believe the default number of connections is 4 but you can change this by using the -x flag followed by the number of connections you would like to make. For example, to make 8 connections:

aria2c -x 8 http://www.example.com/example.file

click here for more info

Also, you can use the DownThemAll extension for firefox.