Converting WMA to OGG in VLC

Open VLC Media Player; if you do not have VLC on your computer already, you can install it by opening a terminal window and typing "sudo apt-get install vlc."
Go to "Media" and "Convert/Save." You can also access the window by pressing "Ctrl" and "R" on your computer.
Click "Add" from under "File Selection" and select the WMA file that you want to convert.
Click the "Convert/Save" button.
Type the file name for the new OGG file in the "Destination File:" box, including the extension; for instance, "my_wma_filename.ogg."
Select the profile "Audio - Vorbis (OGG)" from under Settings.
Click "Start." Do not close VLC until the conversion is complete. It should be saved in your /home/username directory.

Converting WMA to OGG Using Dir2OGG

Install dir2ogg by typing "sudo apt-get install dir2ogg" in a new terminal window.
Type "dir2ogg my_wma_filename.wma" in the terminal window once installation is completed. Make sure that your WMA file is in the /home/username directory, and remove any spaces from the file name.
If converting a directory, use dir2ogg -a /path/to/dir
Close the terminal window once the conversion is complete. The display will read "Done encoding file "/home/username/my_wma_filename.ogg" along with the file length, elapsed time, rate and average bit rate. The "my_wma_filename.ogg" file will in the same folder as the original WMA file.


Ubuntu 18.04 on vCenter, stuck booting to initramfs after using GNU Parted 3.2

I managed to fix it!

For anyone else that has a similar issue, while boot-repair didnt fix the issue i tried out testdisk and managed to fix the partition table. To do this i attached a DVD with ubuntu home 18.04 iso and loaded "test ubuntu". Once loaded i had to apt update and apt upgrade before i could install testdisk, once installed i ran it - "sudo testdisk".
I just followed the prompts leaving everything at default and rebooted when it said reboot. My ubuntu then booted normally :)

Now to back everything up!


Why do I need to have superuser permissions to mount share to local mount point?

I believe the answer to WHY can't a normal user mount something anywhere would be that a mount can be mounted OVER an existing directory, completely hiding the existing directory. If you do this with a directory containing binaries than the user would be able to alter the binaries that get executed.

Now if you own the directory (like your home directory) then perhaps it would not as big of a deal. But I think root would want to know if a new drive got mounted before he or she trusted the content of that mount point. Thus you can specifically allow a user to mount to a particular mount point, but the default is to disallow.


How do I set up the simplest HTTP local server?

Ubuntu ships using python3 as its default, and they have gone to great lengths to make this extremely easy for us :D

To start the http server on port port simply type

python -m http.server port

If you want to share files and dirs,  cd into whichever directory you want to serve

cd /my/html/files
python -m http.server 8080

Should you want to use an address other than the default 0.0.0.0 you can use --bind

Ex: python -m http.server 8080 --bind 127.0.0.1 will serve them at the address 127.0.0.1:8080 :)

Edit: Whether or not it truly was great lengths, I'll leave that to the reader

Also for your convenience here is a link to the docs https://docs.python.org/3/library/http.server.html


Laptop shut down during upgrade to Ubuntu 18.04 not being plugged it to power

No downtime during update!

But you can rescue your files hopefully :

make USB drive with live system, e. g. Ubuntu
boot from USB
mount hard drive

Copy all needed files!


Ubuntu 16.04 black screen after logo with Nvidia proprietary

Solved: Apparently my GTX 560 was kind of loose in its PCI-e slot after I'd opened the case to add a couple of new fans. Thus, when put under minimal stress - like showing the OS GUI - it was shutting the screen off (windows) or showing up a blank screen (ubuntu). I removed the card completely, reinserted it, reinstaled the latest drivers and everything is fine again.

Cheers to everyone who tried to help!


How can I reinstall Windows 10 without erasing Ubuntu?

ext2, ext3 and ext4 partitions should only be accessed by Linux operating systems, such as Ubuntu. There are drivers out there, both Open Source and commercial, which claim to allow Windows to access ext partitions, but many, many people here report problems with them.

Before reinstalling Windows, please make a complete backup of your system, then verify the backup to make sure it matches the source files; then backup again to a different target disk or to the cloud, and verify that backup.

Then, you can proceed with a reinstallation of Windows. Windows is much better about not overwriting GRUB than it used to be, but you may need to repair GRUB following How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?)


Files starting with a comment have the wrong mime type

Save the following as e.g. less.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<mime-info xmlns='http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info'>
  <mime-type type="text/x-less">
    <comment>LESS file</comment>
    <glob pattern="*.less"/>
  </mime-type>
</mime-info>

Then open a Terminal and run

xdg-mime install --novendor less.xml

Now all files with the extension .less should have the MIME type text/x-less.

See Shared MIME-info Database if you want to learn more about how MIME types are defined.


GPG error "repository is not signed" when I run sudo apt-get update

Their are many another way to install atom.

You can download atom.deb file from the official website. and install it via gdebi.
It is available as snap. Follow this reference to install atom as snap.

Source: Github


After installing qpdf, you can encrypt pdf with password of your choice from command line in the following way.

qpdf --encrypt test123 test123 40 -- doc_without_pass.pdf doc_with_pass.pdf

Where test123 is both the user and owner password

To decrypt the pdf file you can use the following

qpdf --password=test123 --decrypt doc_with_pass.pdf doc_without_pass2.pdf


Simply open alsamixer on the terminal and mute the SPDIF channels.

The red light should disappear in a couple of minutes.


Cannot access the filesystems using LiveCD (LVM2,EXT2)

Sometime it happens I don't know exactly why.. But you can mount it manually and I guess after mounting it will show. If you prefer to find a way to mount your disk then follow these steps.

Open terminal by Ctrl+Alt+T and execute this.

sudo blkid

it will show something:

/dev/sda1: LABEL="Windows" UUID="FA50DCB150DC763B" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda5: LABEL="40GBTWO" UUID="00A0CE7EA0CE7A24" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda6: UUID="7550252c-3da7-4cd9-8da3-71e9ba38e74a" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda7: UUID="088fd084-a011-4896-aa93-c0caaad60620" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="SaurK" UUID="1B7B3C0764A21F1F" TYPE="ntfs"

i,e all partitions of your hard-drive including the external one, whether it is mounted or not.
Now you can mount any of the partition by executing this command:

sudo mount /dev/sda1

if you want to mount /dev/sda1 replace /sda1 to the partition you want to mount.
Although it's now needed but I tell you to unmount you can execute:

sudo umount /dev/sda1

use the same logic as described in previous command.

Edit

As you can see your /dev/sda1 as well as /dev/sda5 entry is not in /etc/fstab. You can manually mount your partitions by following these steps.

First make a mount-point where you want to mount the partitions. Generally all the partitions mounted in /media. You've to create directory there in order to mount the partitions. Execute following in terminal to make two directory there:

sudo mkdir /media/part1 /media/part2

Now you have to make changes in /etc/fstab in order to mount you /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda5 partitions. Execute following commands to do so:

sudo nano /etc/fstab

go to the last line and add these lines:

UUID=aad69790-198d-45bc-9ccd-e4cba7456914 /media/part1    ext2    errors=remount-ro 0       1
UUID=wbIDX7-RILL-VtFT-gX15-N1GJ-Yyfg-V8Oe5m /media/part2   LVM2_member    errors=remount-ro 0       1

A little explanation: UUID="contains the ID of your hard disk partitions, 1st is of /dev/sda1 and 2nd is of /dev/sda5 partitions. sudo blkid command is very useful to get the partitions information like UUID, File-system type, partition entry etc.. So any one can use it to get their information. /media/part1 is the mount entry of 1st partition and /media/part2 is for 2nd. Remember why I created two directories above. ext2 is the file system type of your 1st partition: /dev/sda1. It may be something else also like: ext3, ext4, ntfs, fat etc, you can get the info from sudo blkid command as I mentioned above. others will be same for all types of file-system, it tells that if any error occurs then remount the file system in read-only mode this link is a great tutorial.

press Ctrl+x to save and exit. Press y when prompt to save.
LVM2_member is quite a different file system, if adding it's info to /etc/fstab doesn't help then you can mount it by:

sudo modprobe dm-mod; sudo vgchange -ay

if needed:

sudo apt-get install lvm2

You can mount /dev/sda1 by executing:

sudo mount /dev/sda1

Hope it will help you to recover from your problem.


DeVeDe 3.21.0 is not producing working titles in 12.04

The answer was found here.

It seems that DeVeDe versions after 3.18 have this bug when using 12.04.

Reverting to 3.18 works.


How can I migrate from asingle Ubuntu install to Ubuntu as a VM on Win8?

I would make a backup with clonezilla. After this I would start clonezilla in the VM and restore the backup. Don't forget: The transfer of data in a VM or on an other pc are the same.


Can't boot windows after ubuntu installation

A common problem of grub installation not detecting Windows is because of the fast shutdown/resume feature. This stops grub from being able to mount the windows partition to verify that an install is there when it updates. If you reinstall the Windows bootloader, boot windows normally and shut down normally after disabling the feature, and reinstall grub, things should work fine.


As the package shows (apt-cache show phppgadmin):

Depends: libapache2-mod-php5 | php5-cgi, php5-pgsql, apache2 | httpd, libjs-jquery

the package depends on apache2 or httpd. It will favor apache2. So, just pass nginx explicitly and it should install, because nginx offers httpd (see output of apt-cache showpkg httpd).

$ apt-cache showpkg httpd|grep nginx
nginx-naxsi 1.4.6-1ubuntu3
nginx-light 1.4.6-1ubuntu3
nginx-full 1.4.6-1ubuntu3
nginx-extras 1.4.6-1ubuntu3
nginx-core 1.4.6-1ubuntu3

Edit:

Tried this myself on Ubuntu 14.04 just to find out that it doesn't work. Apparently one of the dependencies is hardcoded and not tied to httpd only. Presumably because no configuration exists for anything other than Apache? Anyway, I set out to find out and it turns out the Depends line from above holds the key. It's not just apache2 | httpd but also libapache2-mod-php5 | php5-cgi. So we need to be explicit about these things as well.

The package apt-rdepends shows what's going on:

$ apt-rdepends phppgadmin|grep apache2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
  Depends: apache2
  Depends: libapache2-mod-php5
apache2
  Depends: apache2-bin (= 2.4.7-1ubuntu4)
  Depends: apache2-data (= 2.4.7-1ubuntu4)
apache2-bin
apache2-data
libapache2-mod-php5
  Depends: apache2 (>= 2.4)
  Depends: apache2-api-20120211
apache2-api-20120211

The libapache2-mod-php5 line is also to be found in the dependencies of phppgadmin and is the issue here.

Therefore we end up with:

$ apt-get install --no-install-recommends nginx php5-cgi phppgadmin


How do I perform full text search in man pages?

To search within the text of your manual pages, and not just their headings, use man -K. You can search for simple search strings (e.g. man -K "example text"), or use the --regex option to use regular expressions in your search.
It will give you the first matching manual page; press q to close it and you will be presented with the option of reading the next match (Enter), skipping the next match (Ctrl-D), or quitting altogether (Ctrl-C).


Allocate free space to Ubuntu partition with 4 primary already existing?

To put that 120 GB free space into  Ubuntu ( /dev/sda7) partition,follow the below steps.

First you had to boot Ubuntu live disk.
Click on "try ubuntu" option on startup and then open gparted from Dash.Make sure that all your partitions are unmounted.
Right-click on the /dev/sda4 partition and then choose Resize/Move option to increase its size with the 120 GB unallocated space by dragging the left arrow to the extreme left.After resizing,apply the changes.
Now your 120 GB unallocated space will comes inside extended partition and just below to the /dev/sda7 partition.
Right-click on the /dev/sda7 partition and select Resize/Move option,now you can be able to add 120 GB unallocated space to your ext4 partition by dragging the right arrow to the extreme right.


I had the same problem recently, and it had to do with the DNS indeed. The following solved the problem for me:

Right click on the network manager icon of the task bar.
Go to "Edit Connections"
Select the active network connection and click "edit"
Go to the "IPv4 Settings" tab
Fill in the field "additional DNS servers"
Re-load the connection for the settings to apply.

Now for free DNS servers you can just search the web and find a lot... I initially used the google one which is 8.8.8.8. Now I see that just by entering the IP of my router does the job just as well.

I hope this helps


You need to remove the battery and flip a little switch behind the battery and then it would be in CD-ROM Discovery mode.

You can then access the root and reset the password after you pass the cd-rom stuff. (Pass through with NO, NO and then CONTINUE.

If i recall correctly, you then select the second last item on the menu and you would be able to mount 'mmcblk0p3' from there.

Good Luck, hope this helps...

Yusuf Ginnah
JHB
SA


I am using Ubuntu 16.04, I have added the following lines:

synclient TapButton1=1 TapButton2=3 TapButton3=2
synclient TouchpadOff=0
In both .bashrc file.

and use the crontab -e to create a cron job to execute the source command on the .bashrc

* * * * * source ~/.bashrc

Mouse & Touchpadd settings seems fine.


How can I put a "lock sreen" icon on the launcher?

That is easy!

1) Right click on the Desktop and choose "Create Launcher".

2) For the name you choose what you want. "Lock Screen" for example.

3) At command you paste this: gnome-screensaver-command -a

4) Then drag it to the Launcher.

Enjoy ;-)


how to access directory with non-ascii, \n character in dir name

Here are a couple of ways (there are likely more)

an unquoted ? will match any single character - including the newline character. So for example

cd w0p6_t\[\[0.53.5\]?\[1.71.2\]\]

or

cd 'w0p6_t[[0.53.5]'?'[1.71.2]]'

you could use bash $'string' ANSI escaping to expand a \n sequence

cd $'w0p6_t[[0.53.5]\n[1.71.2]]'


Automatic login option is missing in 12.04

The Automatic Login option won't appear if you have an encrypted home folder - both features contradict each other.


I found my answer after ask here in a Brazilian Blog, it is in Portuguese, but has, translate button I think so... Edivaldo's blog.  Worked on my new xubuntu 16.04. laptop.
"Como configurar o Ubuntu para desligar quando a tampa do Laptop for fechada:
2016 - EdivaldoLinux
Se você usa o Ubuntu ou um sistema derivado dele e quer mudar o comportamento do sistema quando a tampa do laptop for fechada, veja aqui como fazer.
desligar-laptop
Normalmente, ao baixar a tampa de um laptop ele entra em hibernação, mas nem sempre esse é o comportamento que usuário quer. Por exemplo, o sistema também pode ser desligado. Se você ainda não sabe como configurar isso, acompanhe esse tutorial e descubra.
Como configurar o Ubuntu para desligar quando a tampa do Laptop for fechada

Para configurar o Ubuntu para desligar quando a tampa do Laptop for fechada, você pode abrir as “Configurações do sistema” e no item “Energia”, colocar o campo “Quando a tampa for fechada” como Desligar. Alternativamente, você pode optar por “Suspender” ou “Não fazer nada. Mas se preferir fazer isso no arquivo de configuração, faça o seguinte:
Passo 1. Abra um terminal (Usando o Dash ou pressionando as teclas CTRL+ALT+T)
Passo 2. Execute o comando abaixo para abrir o arquivo de configuração via editor de textos Gedit:

sudo gedit /etc/systemd/logind.conf

Passo 3. Encontre a linha #HandleLidSwitch=suspend, remova o símbolo # e mude-a para o comportamento correspondente ao que deseja usar. Por exemplo, para desligar o computador quando a tampa for fechada, deixe assim:

HandleLidSwitch=poweroff

Passo 4. Para hibernar o computador quando a tampa for fechada, deixe assim:

HandleLidSwitch=hibernate

Passo 5. Para não fazer nada, use isso:

HandleLidSwitch=ignore

Passo 6. Salve o arquivo e feche-o.
Passo 7. Execute o comando abaixo ou simplesmente reinicie o computador, para aplicar as alterações;

sudo restart systemd-logind

Pronto! Agora você já pode usar seu equipamento com mais tranquilidade, sem ficar se preocupando com seus documentos"

It is not scan or advertising. I needed the answer and found It, ok?

My best regards to all.

"


You can use the Libreoffice 4.4 ppa from the libreoffice packaging team, which offers stable backports for Precise (12.04), Trusty (14.04), Utopic (14.10) and Vivid (15.04).

Note: if you rely on libreoffice for work or school you may not want to risk updating, even though the backports provided are largely stable.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/libreoffice-4-4
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Obviously, if you don't already have libreoffice installed, you will also need to run

sudo apt-get install libreoffice

It should be noted that this ppa will only produce updates for the 4.4 series, while the main libreoffice ppa will provide updates beyond the 4.4 series, although that ppa is largely for testing and development builds.

(The original 4.0 series ppa is here at launchpad, if anyone has any special reason to use that series.)

For more information, see this very recent useful article on libreoffice 4, and the getting started guide at the official documentation site.


thinkpad_ec fails to load after Ubuntu upgrade

There is a serious misunderstanding on your part:

tp_smapi and thinkpad_ec were never compatible with your hardware. The last ThinkPad generation supporting tp_smapi is T420/X220 (released 8 years ago!).

TLP – or more precisely TLP's battery features – work happily without tp-smapi. Please refer to the FAQ: https://linrunner.de/tlp/faq/battery.html#which-kernel-module-do-i-need-for-my-hardware


For Ubuntu 18.04 LTS hosted on a Windows 10 Pro Hyper-V VM. I was able to do it using the following on a system that was one of the quick start VMs. The only audio device listed  before was "Dummy Audio" or "Dummy Output" or something like that and after it was "xrdp sink" and after I started this in the VM was  I had to follow install instructions at [http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=12469][http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=12469] and then reboot.
Also ensure your client connection to the iva XRDP is passing audio.

Short version is below in case link goes dead.

# Configure system to accept source repos
cd /tmp
sudo apt source pulseaudio
cd /tmp/pulseaudio*
sudo ./configure
cd /usr/src/xrdp-pulseaudio-installer
sudo make PULSE_DIR="/tmp/pulseaudio-11.1"
sudo install -t "/var/lib/xrdp-pulseaudio-installer" -D -m 644 *.so
# Restart the VM and reconnect

Note: I also happened to install the following from some other guides, but I beleive that it would have worked without it

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
sudo apt-get install pavucontrol


It prints the users who are logged in. It is a stripped down version of tools like w and who.

NAME
       users - print the user names of users currently logged in to the
       current host

SYNOPSIS
       users [OPTION]... [FILE]

DESCRIPTION
       Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.  If FILE is
       not specified, use /var/run/utmp.  /var/log/wtmp as FILE is com‐
       mon.

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

Source: man users

groups does not list all groups, it lists the groups that the current user is in. Perhaps some man groups would help you too :)


find mac address of all connected systems

I don't know a way to actively scan a network for live systems, although I'm sure such tools exist.

However if you just want to know what systems are connected and which MAC address they have I would just have a look at the list of active clients on your router/DHCP server.

You can then enable MAC filtering on your firewall and white list the MAC addresses that you want.


One way would be to  obtain a time-stamped list by opening a terminal with CtrlAltT and issuing the command more /var/log/dpkg.log This will give you more information than you are currently asking for. You can narrow the results considerably using grep for example this command shows packages installed/upgraded on my system as of todays date:

grep "2017-08-21" /var/log/dpkg.log | grep "status installed"

2017-08-21 11:44:41 status installed man-db:amd64 2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1
2017-08-21 11:44:41 status installed doc-base:all 0.10.5
2017-08-21 11:44:41 status installed install-info:amd64 5.2.0.dfsg.1-2
2017-08-21 11:44:41 status installed desktop-file-utils:amd64 0.22-1ubuntu1.1
2017-08-21 11:44:41 status installed mime-support:all 3.54ubuntu1.1
2017-08-21 11:44:41 status installed gnome-menus:amd64 3.10.1-0ubuntu2
2017-08-21 11:44:42 status installed bamfdaemon:amd64 0.5.1+14.04.20140409-0ubuntu1
2017-08-21 11:44:42 status installed hicolor-icon-theme:all 0.13-1
2017-08-21 11:44:42 status installed libgraphite2-3:amd64 1.3.10-0ubuntu0.14.04.1
2017-08-21 11:44:42 status installed logrotate:amd64 3.8.7-1ubuntu1.2
2017-08-21 11:44:42 status installed augeas-lenses:all 1.2.0-0ubuntu1.3
2017-08-21 11:44:42 status installed cvs:amd64 2:1.12.13+real-12ubuntu0.1
2017-08-21 11:44:42 status installed landscape-client-ui-install:amd64 14.12-0ubuntu6.14.04
2017-08-21 11:44:43 status installed libaugeas0:amd64 1.2.0-0ubuntu1.3
2017-08-21 11:44:43 status installed libc-bin:amd64 2.19-0ubuntu6.13

If you want to examine the changelog for a specific package that you have installed you can obtain that information with the command sudo apt-get changelog packagename where packagename is the name of the package.

Example:

sudo apt-get changelog logrotate will provide the change log for the package logrotate


I have a professional sound set up (running Windows on that computer) and have this problem sometimes. The problem only happens when I plug my laptop into the same breaker as my recording computer. The problem isn't with your computer's software or hardware per se, it's more the amount of power being drawn and the sound card's amplifier(s) don't have enough power to constantly draw power. The little clicks your here is almost like a low-power refresh rate.

It's kind of hard to explain, but basically your computer's battery doesn't have enough amperage to power everything. My friend's Alienware has a similar problem, but his video card is too much for for what the battery can handle.

Sorry for the kind of hard to understand response.....


I am on Ubuntu Gnome 17.04 and had similar issues, this worked for me:

The connection I wanted prioritized was my DHCP network. On that network profile I went into the Identity tab and made sure "Connect automatically" was checked.

On the profile with static IP, I made sure the same option was unchecked.


Cannot connect to the internet with Huawei 3G USB Modem

I found the solution here. You should try this.
http://smackerelofopinion.blogspot.com/2012/02/3g-using-huawei-e1552e1800-hspa-modem.html


sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

The above command will install everything, which comes as default settings(software center,system settings)

sudo apt-get install gnome-control-center

This will install system-settings option


I had the same problem with my Dell Precision / M90.
They use small air ducts to direct the cooling air from the fans to the components.
After disassembling my unit I found that these air ducts were clogged.

Fixed my problem...
   Good luck.


How to make finer volume-steps in Ubuntu (Unity) 17.04?

First portion of this Answer is taken from here originally posted by Geppettvs D'Constanzo
This command will add 2 percent volume in your existing  volume settings
amixer -D pulse sset Master 2%+

and this will reduce it
amixer -D pulse sset Master 2%-

You can also make it 1 percent if you want even granular control over volume and can also add keyboard shortcuts for these commands to use them without terminal and in a reliable way.

Another approach
This is system wide and will not change the workflow (like remembering new custom shortcuts) but for this you'll need to add a PPA to your system to make it work, How to Use a PPA?
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:george-edison55/gnome-settings-daemon
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install unity-settings-daemon

and run upgrade (just in case)
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

You will need to restart after installation completes. Once the packages have been upgraded, you can use the dconf command to change the volume increment:
dconf write /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/sound/volume-step 2

(The default value is 6.)
Now when you press the volume keys, the volume level should change in increments of 2

Radical Step
Use Ubuntu Gnome 17.04 (or Gnome DE)
What is Default Behaviour of gnome desktop?
this is my output of amixer get Master | grep Mono right now
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback 53 [72%] [-21.00dB] [on]

Output says my volume is now 72% percent, Now I go to the volume slider in Gnome and slide it by just one tick (scroll(er) tick) and now my output is
Playback channels: Mono
Mono: Playback 54 [73%] [-20.00dB] [on]

Notice that it changed just 1 percent, that's as fine as it gets.
another thing that I want to point out it is that it (this feature) looks really important to you and if you're willing to take this radical step then their are few major advantages you're looking at

Unity is already dead, so new patches will most probably not release
Gnome is gonna be default desktop on Ubuntu 18.04 and beyond making it a good contender to try in 2017
It also gives you an early preview of things
and Gnome is really good (personal opinion)

How to install Gnome Shell?
sudo apt install gnome-shell

you'll have an option to choose between Unity and Gnome shell
How to get full Ubuntu Gnome 17.04?
Here you go
More info on Gnome shell


Why does wifi hotspot doesn't work correctly?

I think I have an answer for you now.

I had an opportunity to test this with an Android device and it just doesn't work. The reason is that Android no longer supports ad-hoc networks, meaning that I'd have to configure my hotspot using the "Infrastructure" setting in the dialog like you can see in the screenshot below. Unfortunately, my Wifi adapter doesn't support that.

If your Wifi adapter supports it, I think that should work with both Android and your Nokia C3, but since I have no way of actually testing it, I'd appreciate if you could and provide feedback. :)


Ubuntu: "Editable Menu Accelerators" (on a per app basis). Where is this option?

It seems that GNOME decided to remove the interface tab because "basically everything there is a user experience design cop-out.  It only belongs in a tweak UI tool." So now the only way to enable that option is hidden deep in the gconf settings.

Launch gconf-editor from the terminal or the "Run Application" dialog (Alt-F2).

Navigate to desktop>gnome>interface and check can_change_accels

Or just run this line in a terminal:

gconftool --set /desktop/gnome/interface/can_change_accels --type=bool True


I'm getting no audio signal from Scarlett 2i4 into Ardour 6 on Ubuntu Studio 20.04

Check in Ardour that Jack is set as Backend.


Geary stuck on messaging menu after uninstallation

I figured it out myself.  I installed dconf-editor

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

And navigated to com > canonical > indicator > messages

There, you'll find a value called "applications".  Within this value are applications between the [ ] brackets separated by commas.  geary.desktop was here along with thunderbird.desktop.

So I changed

[thunderbird.desktop,geary.desktop]

to

[thunderbird.desktop]

And now the Geary menu item is gone.


Uyghur Arabic scripts are displayed incorrectly in web-browser

This happens when the tts-mscorefonts are installed. Try to remove them from the system.

sudo apt-get remove ttf-mscorefonts-installer


Segmentation fault when trying to install packages and themes from both command line and atom user interface

It looks like the problem comes from Ubuntu's snap.

I uninstalled Atom (which I installed using the Ubuntu software app), and installed it once more, but this time using the Debian Package from the official website of atom.

Now everything works fine.


Ok. This was the solution:

1) hit tab when you get to the menu that comes up when you boot from it

2) look for the end of the string, before --

3) remove the "quiet" and "splash" parameters and add "nomodeset xforcevesa" and press enter

Thanks everyone for the help!


How do I uninstall Android Studio if it was installed via Ubuntu Developer Tools Center (UDTC)?

You can uninstall android studio by issuing

udtc --remove android

from your console. Be aware that it won't ask you for confirmation


How can I use Unity 2d with another window manager besides Metacity?

You can add compiz --replace to your startup applications. Restart your session (Log out, and then back in again) and you'll now be using Compiz.

A similar action will be used for openbox. I think it's openbox --replace


set -n not working in shell script when executing with source

Quoting the docs on the behaviour of an interactive shell:

The -n invocation option is ignored, and ‘set -n’ has no effect (see The Set Builtin).

Since you sourced the script from an interactive shell, set -n is ignored.


Is my Amazon EC 2 running Amazon Linux or Ubuntu?

Ignore the web-based management console and believe the welcome message.. You are running AMI Linux which is NOT based on Debian/Ubuntu but on CentOS (which in turn is based on RedHat). The default package-management tool is yum, not apt, as these release notes make clear.

Consider installing one of the official Ubuntu AMIs from Canonical, available here:

http://uec-images.ubuntu.com/releases/precise/

Note: The reason for such problem may be use are using old EBS containing Amazon AMI.


Write your ftp put command(s), followed by a quit command, in a file (say /path/to/ftpcommands) and do:

ftp 10.1.1.172 < /path/to/ftpcommands

In the ftpcommands file, you can also put your FTP user name and password (as user [username] [password]), if you like, bypassing the .netrc file.

You may also want to redirect the output of the ftp command to a log file, in case anything goes wrong. That would be something like

ftp 10.1.1.172 < /path/to/ftpcommands > /path/to/ftp.log 2>&1

This will redirect all messages from the ftp command to the log file ftp.log.


How do I stop that launcher from popping up when mouse goes to the left edge?

Here's how to set it up:

First install compizconfig-settings-manager .
Open the run dialogue: (alt+f2).
Type about:config and press enter, or click the icon that comes up.
Click on reveal mode for the launcher:

Change the reveal mode for the launcher from left, to the top left corner.

As mentioned in doug's comment, you need to lower the reveal time out to get this to work correctly. It is a bit tricky, but it works.


Forced using ppa's which only supports newer OSes

On the PPA page, in the section labelled "Technical details about this PPA", select the option to display the Saucy entries. Copy the first line (the second line is not required), and open up Software Sources (might be called Software & Updates). In the Other Software tab, add a new entry, and paste that line. Run sudo apt-get update and (try to) install the package you want to install.

Note that there might be a good reason the maintainer doesn't have packages for Precise. You might want to try to contact him to see if the software can be run on Precise.


Ubuntu 12.10 GNOME Commander change connection

I think the shortcut you described above is not available. Just have a look here:
http://gcmd.github.io/keys.html.

Maybe you mean Alt+1 and Alt+2? These shortcuts are working in my case. By pressing Alt+1 a small window opens where I can choose the new connection in the left pannel.


Attempting to install Ubuntu on an HP Touchsmart TM2

If you are using Windows 8 in UEFI mode, you need to press F9 (for HP Laptops) to select your boot device, and you have to select an option like
`USB Diskette on Key/USB Hard Disk (EFI mode)

Also you may need to disable the secure boot option from your Bios Menu, it would most probably be present under the System Configuration tab.

Edit-

Also Enable Booting From USB

and

Disable Fast StartUp

from your BIOS Menu.

You may also need to Disable Secure Boot from the BIOS Menu as well.

To Bring Up the BIOS menu, press F10 while booting( for HP Laptops)

Note--
You can check if you are running UEFI mode by going to the system bios by pressing F10 and checking under the System Configuration tab.

If you are facing any problems please let us know.


Sorry, I do not have an answer. I would like to add that I also noticed the same issue on 16.04, not during normal operation, but during booting and shutting down.


apt-get error: Unable to find expected entry contrib/binary-i386/Packages in Meta-index file (malformed Release file?)

Cloudera offers a step-by-step tutorial for the installation. As far as I can tell from your comments you did everything as described there. However Cloudera only offers packages for 64Bit architecture. As your system tries to download i386 packages I assume you are running on 32Bit. In this case it is not possible to use this software.

However if you are running 64Bit you download the deb and then run   manually sudo dkpg -i cdh4-repository_1.0_all.deb. This will install the recent version on your system (but only in the 64Bit case).


Icons on the desktop do not state the name of the file/directory?

I apparently found the fix.

Open the nautilus/ file browser
File -> Preferences
Icon View Defaults
Default zoom level: 50%(minimum)

I had previously set it to 33% and hence the problem.


Ubuntu 17.10 ACPI ERRORS on USB BOOT: Core i5 6600 @ 4.2Ghz (non-k OC)

This should be related to a bug with the Skylake chipset and requires you to update your BIOS to fix.
You can also add acpi_mask_gpe=0x6f to the boot parameters as a work-around to have it continue.


How to remove a launcher from a Gnome Panel?

Make sure that your cursor is not pointing to the launcher. Then, hold down the left Alt and Windows key both. Right-click on the launcher then select 'Remove from Panel'.


I managed to solve this problem (finally, and with the help of some people on the #linux freenode irc channel). One issue was that dbus-launch does not affect tmux at all; it affects the outer shell only. The solution was to put this in my .tmux.conf:

set-option -g -a update-environment " DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS"

which allowed applications started within tmux to access the system bus.


Battery indicator on MacbookAir 4,2 incorrect

I have the same model of MacBook Air with Ubuntu 15.04 installed, and here's what I've found out so far.  It looks like the battery driver is now reporting the capacity as the percentage of the design full capacity instead of the most recent full capacity.  Cat the following files in the sysfs filesystem to see what I mean:

/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/capacity
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/charge_now
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/charge_full
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/charge_full_design

You'll see that "capacity" now equals "charge_now" / "charge_full_design" * 100 instead of "charge_now" / "charge_full" * 100.

I installed the acpi tool with "sudo apt-get install acpi" to check what ACPI reports.  "acpi -V" reports the correct percentage.


Error while installation of mariadb 10 on Ubuntu 14.04

From comments in the mariadb documentation:
To fix the "libmysqlclient18:amd64 5.5.34+maria-1~saucy (Multi-Arch: no) is not co-installable with libmysqlclient18 which has multiple installed instances" problem follow further steps:

The problem is that libmysqlclient18:i386 was not fully removed by the automated install. Rather than "messing" with /var/lib/dpkg/status, my solution was:

fully remove libmariadbclient18 (because it depends on libmysqlclient18) with apt-get --purge remove libmariadbclient18

fully remove libmysqlclient18:i386 with apt-get --purge remove libmysqlclient18:i386

Then proceed with the automated Software Update installation (or install libmariadbclient18 and libmysqlclient18 5.5.34+maria-1saucy from the terminal)


Increase/decrease playback speed in rhythmbox

RBPitch
What you describe fits nicely into the capabilities of an external plugin called RBPitch.
From the launchpad description:

rbpitch is a plugin for Rhythmbox that lets you change the pitch,
tempo, and speed in real-time while playing a song. The main features
of rbpitch include:
*Change the pitch and tempo of your music independently of each other.
*Change the "speed", which is pitch+tempo scaled together without aliasing.

to install - for RB2.96 & RB 2.97
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:smcnam/rbpitch-release
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rbpitch

In Rhythmbox, go to the Plugins manager via the Edit -> Plugins menu. Make sure the checkbox next to "Pitch and Tempo Shifting" is checked.
RB2.98 and beyond
There hasn't been any code changes since the RB2.97 release - thus this plugin is only applicable for Ubuntu 12.04 & 12.10.
Considerable changes to the Rhythmbox menu structure etc has been made since RB 2.99 - so whilst it may be possible to switch your sources back to 12.10 to get it to run on RB2.98/RB2.99 and RB3.0, I'm doubtful.  Its probably better to throw an issue onto the OP's issue tracker to see future plans.


Flash drive not detected in Ubuntu 16.04

Your drive error is explained right here:

Error when getting information for file '/media/anupam/KINGSTON/2008': Input/output error

I/O errors mean one of two things (usually):

Hardware Error (More likely)
In almost all cases, an I/O error is a result of failed hardware. Check your USB port and drive for debris and the like, removing any if it exists. If the error happens, your flash drive is (probably) dead. Try saving what you can from it using dd to make an image, and work from that image.
ntfs-3g Error (Less likely)
Occasionally, NTFS drives (using ntfs-3g on Linux) will throw this error. Try running fsck on the drive itself (fsck /dev/sdX, replacing X with the drive's identifier), or by using CHKDSK on Windows itself. If the drive still has this error, it's going to be a hardware fault (see above).


Boot drops to a (initramfs) prompts/busybox

While at initramfs console, I passed a command exit to come out of the shell. The same console was presented before me but this time with the exact name of the partition that got corrupted.
BusyBox v1.18.5 (Ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

(initramfs) exit

/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY.
(i.e., without -a or -p options)
fsck exited with status code 4.
The root filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root requires a manual fsck.

BusyBox v1.18.5 (Ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

(initramfs) fsck /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root -y

fsck from util-linux 2.27.1
e2fsck 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root contains a file system with errors, check forced.

After the checking is done, I rebooted the system.
BusyBox v1.18.5 (Ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

(initramfs) reboot

If reboot doesn't work, try exit.
and that's it, I got back into the filesystem without any errors.


I am running Lucid, Ubuntu one is installed but I don't have a menu item to run it

You can run the command ubuntuone-control-panel-qt to launch the Control Panel for Ubuntu One.

As for unity --reset not working, Unity was not a part of Ubuntu in Lucid Lynx. It became a part of Ubuntu from Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick Meerkat.


I couldn't find an xorg setting, but I discovered there's actually a "rapid-fire" setting on the keyboard itself that was causing this. Turning that off fixed the problem.


How to upgrade ubuntu unsupported 10.10 to 11.04, then ultimately to 12.10

Natty is no longer supported IE: removed from the main server.

The .ISO can be found here http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/ but you will have to download and install a fresh copy or change your current repositories to include a local repository utilizing the CD as such.

Then upgrade via synaptic.

Try Press Alt+F2 and type in update-manager -d


Ethernet connection for Realtek RTL8139/810x not working

I believe your kernel is loading the wrong driver. This has been experienced by others before and you need to run a script (a patch by a fellow linux user) to solve it. I believe the script blacklists the default driver and loads the correct one. You can find the script at https://gist.github.com/2390823. Download, extract and execute the script as root.

This information was found at http://kopiteforlife.wordpress.com/2012/05/01/recovering-from-ubuntu-12-04-lts-upgrade-failure-from-11-10/


You didn't post your exact model, but the problem is Samsung's, not Ubuntu's.  Samsung didn't follow the UEFI spec and underconfigured the NVRAM -- you can brick those PCs installing another copy of Windows.  Do all your research first to confirm any particular model will work with Ubuntu before buying.  That said, if someone already owns a Samsung with a problem, and it cannot be returned to the vendor, I think setting up an EFI boot from a USB device, to boot a copy of Ubuntu on the hard disk MAY avoid adding to the NVRAM variables.  You'd need to make space on the hard disk, do the Ubuntu install without a boot loader, and manually set up the USB stick to boot first, and have the stick's /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi be the copy of shim, with the signed copy of grubx64.efi also in /EFI/Boot.  Put grub.cfg into /EFI/ubuntu on the stick, and have it set up to boot the hard disk.  Chancy, but I think that would not alter any NVRAM variables.  Not recommended for a beginner.


Increasing Dash Size

Applications Lens

1 Opens the applications lens; shortcut: Super + A (Super = Windows key)

2 Expands the visible apps

3 Lets you filter the listed applications by categories

Hold down Super for more Unity tricks.


why is fluendo playback kit not detected

You have to install,
Ubuntu restricted extras
This package consists of almost all the codecs you need. It can be installed through Ubuntu Software Center.
Alternatively, open up your Terminal and execute the command below:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

As another option, you can install VLC media player to decode the media.


Supposing that you have the stable version of Wine (which at the date of the response is Wine 1.4.1), in the Wine AppDB says this (http://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=2939):

  Needs the full winetricks directx9 package, after that installation
  and run went flawlessly.

  If armor or characters are missing/invisible this can be resolved by
  setting the option VertexShaders in eqclient.ini from TRUE to FALSE.

If this doesn't fix your problem (because you have it applied yet), maybe deleting the ~/.wine folder and generating it again will fix it (and also reinstalling the program because deleting the folder will delete all the programs and configurations of Wine) or trying other version of the graphic card drivers or Wine version.


How to install Texlive on Kubuntu 15.04 (tar.gz)

If you are reinstalling first run the commands,

rm -rf /usr/local/texlive/2015
rm -rf ~/.texlive2015

then,
Download the .tar.gz

open terminal and run following commands,

cd ~/Downloads
wget http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet/install-tl-unx.tar.gz
tar -xf install-tl-unx.tar.gz

Currently we have version 20150927, therefore

cd install-tl-20150927

and install via

sudo ./install-tl

You wil see something like this

======================> TeX Live installation procedure <=====================

======>   Letters/digits in <angle brackets> indicate   <=======
======>   menu items for commands or options            <=======

 Detected platform: GNU/Linux on Intel x86

 <B> binary platforms: 1 out of 19

 <S> set installation scheme (scheme-full)

 <C> customizing installation collections
     47 collections out of 48, disk space required: 4038 MB

 <D> directories:
   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):
     !! default location: /usr/local/texlive/2015
     !! is not writable or not allowed, please select a different one!
   TEXMFLOCAL (directory for site-wide local files):
     /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local
   TEXMFSYSVAR (directory for variable and automatically generated data):
     /usr/local/texlive/2015/texmf-var
   TEXMFSYSCONFIG (directory for local config):
     /usr/local/texlive/2015/texmf-config
   TEXMFVAR (personal directory for variable and automatically generated data):
     ~/.texlive2015/texmf-var
   TEXMFCONFIG (personal directory for local config):
     ~/.texlive2015/texmf-config
   TEXMFHOME (directory for user-specific files):
     ~/texmf

 <O> options:
   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
   [X] allow execution of restricted list of programs via \write18
   [X] create all format files
   [X] install macro/font doc tree
   [X] install macro/font source tree
   [ ] create symlinks to standard directories

 <V> set up for portable installation

Actions:
 <I> start installation to hard disk
 <H> help
 <Q> quit

Enter command:

make your changes and type I to install.


You can do this on a desktop or a server install of Ubuntu.

You will need to set up an appropriate webserver environment, the easiest would be apache, php, mysql and then you can use that environment to install SugarCRM locally.

All you have to do for adding the LAMP stack is in a terminal run the following

sudo apt-get install tasksel
sudo tasksel install lamp-server

This will make sure that you have tasksel installed and that it installs Apache, PHP, and MySQL.

From there you can download the SugarCRM software into your web root directory (usually /var/www/html) and then set-up your database and follow the SugarCRM installer.


"/proc/partitions not found" error is showing up

As you said in your comment, you're on a virtual private server (VPS). OpenVZ as well as other VPS solutions don't offer access to /proc/partitions. The whole /proc partition is a virtual filesystem (procfs). The structure is maintained in the kernel. So it will not work to manually create the file.

The DataStax OpsCenter has a support forum. At the moment I found no questions qhich deal with your problem. However the experts there should be able to help you out.


If I uninstall windows 10 from my laptop to install Ubuntu will I beable to go back to windows 10 at a later time

Your second option is probably the best because as you said

  Windows 10 installed but did not come with any windows disk

meaning that if you completely reinstall you will lose it


Videos/Musics plays so fast on Ubuntu 14.04

I found out why this is happening. It's because I changed something in sound settings.

To change it back to normal, I went to Settings > Sound and chose Speakers (Built-in Audio) in the Output tab instead of HDMI/Display Port Now it all works like a breeze :D


How to unmount when umount hangs due to disconnected disk?

Lazy unmount usually does the trick.

sudo umount -l /path/where/its/mounted

For more info try man umount.


Look into the diff command. It's a good tool, and you can read all about it by typing  man diff into your terminal.

The command you'll want to do is diff File_1.txt File_2.txt which will output the difference between the two and should look something like this:

A quick note on reading the output from the third command: The 'arrows' (< and >) refer to what the value of the line is in the left file (<) vs the right file (>), with the left file being the one you entered first on the command line, in this case File_1.txt

Additionally you might notice the 4th command is diff ... | tee Output_File this pipes the results from diff into a tee, which then puts that output into a file, so that you can save it for later if you don't want to view it all on the console right that second.


I will suggest try installing Oracle Java8 on your ubuntu by following these steps. Open the terminal(Ctrl+Alt+T)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

Once done, verify the installation

java -version
javac -version

Setting up the Java Environment

sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-set-default


You may want to try this trick after installing bzr and bzr-builddeb:

bzr branch ubuntu:yourrelease/grub2
cd grub2
[ -d debian/patches ] && quilt pop -a
bzr commit -m 'reverting all patches' || :
bzr merge-upstream lp:grub2
dch -i
# Here edit the version info to match upstream..
bzr bd

That should build you a new grub2 from upstream source purely (no patches). You may find that you need some of those patches, so its worthwhile to look at the list and decide.

note that the 'ubuntu:yourrelease/grub2' may not work on older versions of bzr. If that balks, try 'lp:ubuntu/yourrelease/grub2'


Samba: Can't find Windows Servers/Shares, but I can mount them

You had better get used to this, until the Linux tools catch up with Samba. Your problem is that Samba >= 4.11.0 now has SMBv1 turned off by default (shortly to be turned off permanently) and SMBv1 is required for network browsing.
Your Linux clients will be finding each other via Avahi and your Windows clients will be using Network Discovery.
Winbind has nothing to do with WINS, it is nmbd for that and again it requires SMBv1.


Printers/Users Unlock button in settings disabled

Does not exactly cover the problem of this question (disabled unlock button with no obvious way to enable) but for the purposes of adding/deleting/renaming a printer, you could do

me$ sudo su
root$ system-config-printer

(I believe you can straight-up sudo system-config-printer but something in my machine made that not work.)

From the dialog that opens you can right click on existing printers to delete or rename them.


Update on December, 2017
It seems the icon theme development has resumed under a new leader Sam Hewitt (the lead designer of Moka, Paper and some more beautiful icon sets)
Here is the github repo where new development is happening  https://github.com/snwh/suru-icon-theme

(Original Answer)

Are they under development and heading to Unity 8 someday or they were abandoned?

It seems, Yes, Suru icon theme is still under development. These are under ubuntu-theme project name. You can view the project page from launchpad here https://launchpad.net/ubuntu-themes. There are several bug fixings in 2016 as I can see. The binary packages it produces include suru-icon-theme. You can even install it with the command
sudo apt-get install suru-icon-theme

So, I believe they are not abandoned.
To answer, will they land in Unity 8? is very hard. Even Michael Hall (A Canonical worker) said in a blog post of May 2016, he don't know about them replying one of the reader's question (I guess, it was you who asked the question there). He said (quoting)

Question: A few years ago some of the Suru icons has been shown – including folder icons, filetype icon etc. They were beautiful. Will they ever land?

Answer: I don’t know, do you have any links to those icons?

You also said

For some reason Ubuntu Phone's file manager uses the Humanity icons, not those presented.

It could be probably the design haven't been yet implemented. Your posted images were just designs.


Freeze when moving mouse to bottom right corner of screen since Ati Catalyst 11.5

I can confirm that ATI Catalyst 11.7b fixes the mouse freeze bug.

It also fixes the "external HDMI monitor" bug.

Tested on Ubuntu 11.04 64-Bit with 5x and 6x cards.

Install it and be happy!!!


How to use more than two monitors on Lubuntu 20.10

DisplayLink drivers are available for Ubuntu 20.04 - May not work for Ubuntu 20.10
Before starting disconnect the hub.
Download and extract the .run file anywhere (the subsequent instructions assume the file is at the root of your /home/user). Right-click > Properties and tick "allow execute..."
Open the Terminal and
sudo apt update
sudo apt install dkms
sudo apt install libdrm-dev

sudo ./displaylink-driver-5.4.0-55.153.run

Reboot before reconnecting the hub.


How to remove all traces of KDE installed

I rather liked the simplicity of the following remove:

apt-get remove kdelibs-bin kdelibs5-data

Credit to craigevil on the Debian Forums. (http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=102884)

The thing here is that, by focusing on the two packages on which virtually all of KDE is built, the rest of KDE gets uninstalled too, as they depend on the above.


Right click on the file, then choose "Properties".
From the dialog check the "Allow executing file as program" like in the picture below.
Then close the dialog and double-click on the file to execute.


I resolved this problem. UFW (the firewall on the server) was blocking the ports used by Samba. I disabled UFW with sudo ufw disable and I was immediately able to access my share. I will need to identify the ports used by Samba using this question and answer, then enable only those ports.

Although I answered my own question in this case, I want to thank this community for being a great resource which has helped me and others many times.


Where is "Super" key for Ubuntu running on Mac OS X with Vmware Fusion

If you Ubuntu will interpret the Windows/Start Menu key as the Super key then you can map it from the Keyboard & Mouse dialog in Fusion. From the VMware Fusion menu, select Preferences then go to the Keyboard & Mouse tab. From there you can add and delete keyboard mappings.

If the problem is that Ubuntu isn't interpreting the Windows key correctly, you should use the xmodmap command in a X startup file. For a complete tutorial try this link


Brightness control in SwayWM (i3wm wayland)

Have you tried the xbacklight commands on their own?
If they don't work you could try using this tool https://github.com/multiplexd/brightlight then:
bindsym $mod+i exec --no-startup-id brightlight -i 20
bindsym $mod+o exec --no-startup-id brightlight -d 20

Refer to this answer: https://askubuntu.com/a/878962/41785


How to easily start a webserver in any folder?

Use

python2 -m SimpleHTTPServer 80

or

python3 -m http.server 80

to start a simple HTTP server.

Replace 80 with  another number if you want it to listen on a different port. For ports < 1024 it needs to run with root privileges.


gource export video error "could not find codec parameters"

I think I finally fixed this problem for me by installing the following packages
(you probably don't need all of them):

libnetpbm10-dev (2:10.0-12.2)

libavfilter1 (4:0.6.2-1ubuntu1.1)
libavformat52 (4:0.6.2-1ubuntu1.1)
libpostproc51 (4:0.6.2-1ubuntu1.1)
libswscale0 (4:0.6.2-1ubuntu1.1)

libavcodec-extra-52 (4:0.6.2-1ubuntu2)
libavutil-extra-50 (4:0.6.2-1ubuntu2)

The complete error I got to start with:

[image2pipe @ 0x23036e0]Could not find codec parameters (Video: ppm)
[image2pipe @ 0x23036e0]Estimating duration from bitrate, this may be inaccurate
pipe:: could not find codec parameters


How to find out when a kernel update was released

In terms of just tracking what's available, if you can rely on your local repositories to do the work for you, it's quite easy. You can just use apt-cache to see what the current linux-image-generic meta-package points at. I've fluffed it up so it just returns the kernel version.

sudo apt-get update
apt-cache depends linux-image-generic | sed -n '2s/.*: //p'

Finding out the package date is a little harder. And more manual.

Stick the version on the end of: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/trusty/+package/
Eg: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/trusty/+package/linux-image-3.13.0-37-generic
Find your build. Probably from the security repo. That takes you here.
Look in the Downloadable Files section for something that ends "produced these files". That'll take you to the build information page.
And that's where you find:

  Started on 2014-09-22
  Finished on 2014-09-23 (took 2 hours, 21 minutes, 32.7 seconds)

Pretty exhausting for an otherwise dull bit of information. It's easier to just:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

It'll upgrade the kernel if there's a newer version available.


anacron cron.weekly only runs when logged in

Make sure that you are actually running anacron regularly and not just when logged in as root. The line you posted from your crontab tests if anacron is executable and if it isn't will run your weekly scripts Saturdays at 00:01 AM—in particular, it does not run anacron even if present and executable.

anacron needs regular opportunities to run, and each time will check and run any tasks that have come due. On my system (Arch, not Ubuntu), cron runs anacron hourly via a 0anacron script in /etc/cron.hourly.


How can we append asterisk (*) at the end of last line(content) of each and every text file within same directory in Ubuntu 20.10?

This one should be able to do it to all your .txt files.
Run from the current folder that all your .txt files are in:
find . -maxdepth 1 -iname "*.txt" -print0 | xargs -L1 -0 sed -i '$a*'

That command will find all files even with spaces then append a * to the last line of all the .txt files found in that folder.
Hope this helps!


Default filesystem permissions and access rights in 12.04?

For the reason behind the change in permissions see Here

To change the default umask either set umask 022 in ~/.profile or /etc/profile


How do I change the keyboard shortcuts for the Window Manager in Xubuntu 13.04?

Xubuntu 13.04 has two different sets of keyboard shortcuts,

Application Shortcuts
Window Manager → Keyboard (shortcuts)

You're simply in the wrong screen. Close out of Application Shortcuts, that's for starting an application with a keyboard shortcut. What you want is to go under Settings → Window Manager → Keyboard. Then you should be able to set new keyboard shortcuts.


ls: cannot access .gvfs: Permission denied

Running graphical applications with sudo can sometimes lead to problems like this.

Explanation

sudo runs the program with superuser privileges (like running as root), but the program still sees the current home directory as your home directory.

So, when the software writes its configuration files, it'll end up creating files in your home directory that are owned by the root user.  You end up with files you yourself cannot edit or delete, and software running as you won't be able to modify it either, leading to more problems.

What is the best solution?

There is an alternative: gksudo.

This variant of sudo will set up environment variables, such as the home directory, in such a way that makes running graphical applications as root a lot safer and won't confuse programs into creating root-owned files in your home directory.

Why does this affect graphical applications?

This doesn't just affect graphical applications, nor does it affect all graphical applications.  It affects applications that store configuration inside the current user's home directory.  This is just more common among graphical applications.

Sometimes applications will be able to detect if they're run with sudo and adjust their behaviour accordingly, but this is not common with graphical applications which are usually not expected to be run with sudo.

How do I fix the problem?

You'll need to find root-owned files and directories within your home directory and remove them.  It's better to remove them than change their ownership in my opinion, as they were not intended for your user, but the root user, so there may be unexpected effects if you simply change ownership.  You can of course back them up in case you decide there's something you want in them later.

To find root-owned files in your home directory:

find ~ -user root

If you are still having problems with some applications (run as your user), try rebooting to clear out /tmp and anything still running.  Occasionally some applications might have corrupted their existing config files and need you to remove all their configuration in your home directory, but hopefully this won't be the case for many.


You can create a compressed image with Clonezilla. This cloned copy is a directory with some files. It is possible to recover the cloned system from the cloned copy into another hard disk drive of at least the same size (for example if the original one is damaged). A cloned copy of the whole drive is complete and therefore easier to use than a copy of a single partition or a few partitions.

Clonezilla can work locally as well as via the network. I use it both ways, and it uses ssh/sftp via the network. I have been using Clonezilla for several years now, and I am still using it in 'beginner mode' most of the time (it is powerful enough for me, and helps me do the things in the correct way).

Detailed tutorials can be found via the internet. I suggest that you start looking at Clonezilla's home page,

http://clonezilla.org


How can I paste a specific string into my text by a shortcut key?

I'm not sure if you can run a command almost essentially in a terminal and have it auto-type to any application window that happens to be open & selected.

Autokey does, and works great and is very simple to just type some keys, essentially just use

keyboard.send_keys("my@emailaddress.com")

and set a hotkey and you're done.


How do I get around error 403 when installing docker CE on Ubuntu 19.04

NMath,
Once again, many thanks for your help. The break through happened thanks to you observing that the repositories that were there in the docker link were not the same as in the output of my apt command. I deleted the repositories I had used and repeated the steps on the docker website. This time, I was successful in adding the docker repositories and installing it.
I suspect the root cause of my problem was following an older set of instructions.


Watching 4K videos is incredibly choppy and has graphical issues

What helped me was installing vainfo package and choosing the VA-API hardware decoder in VLC settings:
All settings->Input/Codecs->Video Codecs->FFmpeg->Hardware decoding->VA-API
Perhaps this will help someone else. For reference, I have nVidia with the latest tested proprietary driver, 1060GTX laptop and the video file in question is in 10bit 4k resolution.


Is there a way to automatically sync Ubuntu One and the Android client?

Ubuntu One Files uses AccountManager (what you see under Accounts & Sync) to store the OAuth token (which allows access to Ubuntu One) and other small amount of metadata related to the account. We plan to use sync components of Android OS, combined with AccountManager, for future features. At the moment, we just use it to store what I have mentioned.


when i log in to my Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS it takes me immediately back to my log in screen

Press Ctrl-Alt-F1 in login screen to switch to fallback console. There, type

ping www.ya.ru

to check if you have Internet. If you do not, and do not know how to fix it, better reinstall. If yes, type

sudo apt-get install -f

to try autofixing updates. Then type

sudo do-release-upgrade

then, may be, you will have to flush your user prefrences.

mkdir ~/oldsettings
mv ~/.* oldsettings/


Can't boot into Windows 7 after installing Ubuntu

Have you tried downloading a lightweight Linux version such as Puppy Linux(It's Ubuntu based)? My reason for mentioning it is not to install it but because you can use it to re-install GRUB and because it's Ubuntu based it will also be  able to pickup Ubuntu with no problem as well as your Win 7 install. I had a similar problem and that helped fix it.


Try the Live version of the USB/CD.  Linux kernel typically has the drivers you need.  The live version of Ubuntu, aka Try Ubuntu,  is the default option on the install disk.  Once running it allows you to run "System Testing" your computer for compatibility.

Ubuntu also has pretty "sane" defaults -- and is quite stable and one of the most installed and tested desktop distrobutions.  I suggest using Ubbuntu 12.04LTS -- as its most stable and will have security patches until 2017.  But 12.10 might have more ubdated drivers if you have a particularly new laptop.  In general HP has pretty good support for open source drivers.


Should I choose primary or logical, when I use UEFI + GPT to install Ubuntu 16.04 with custom partition?

Legacy BIOS has a limitation of 4 primary partitions and 2.2 TB per drive.

With UEFI, this limitation is now 128 primary partitions and 8 ZB (source: Wikipedia).

So you can choose either primary or logic partitions, UEFI will deal with them anyway. On my laptop, I have chosen primary partitions, it sounds proper than logic partitions on the same primary partition.

Regarding to your question about reserved boot area, the only topics I find on it are this one and this one, both quite old. But both give a similar answer, so I'd like to ask: are you 100% sure you boot in UEFI mode and not legacy mode?


How do I find hardware information about the fan in my laptop?

Try system profiler and benchmark also called hardinfo .
Or you can install it by typing in a terminal sudo apt-get install hardinfo

They have all the info you need about your computer, good luck.


install Ubuntu 14.10 and windows 8.1 on new ssd

It is usually best to install Windows first as it will replace the bootloader and you would be unable to boot Ubuntu without loading a live-usb/disc to fix the bootloader.

On Windows setup proceed until you get to the installation type window and select Custom: Install Windows only (advanced) and it should display the screen below. Now select the Unallocated Space on your new SSD and click on the New icon and enter the number of Megabytes you want to allocate to Windows (In your case it would be 40% of the SSD) and click on apply. Windows will now create your primary partition as well as between 1 and 4 extra partition for system data and Recovery etc depending on whether you install in UEFI mode or not. After the partitions are created select the Primary partition by clicking on it and select Next and go though the normal installation process.

After the Windows installation is complete insert your Ubuntu live-usb/disk and follow the instructions until you get to the window below. The quickest option here would be to select Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 8 which will use all of the unallocated space left on the SSD to install Ubuntu alongside Windows 8 but if you want to fine-tune the process select Something else

From here you are able to create separate partitions for your root and home data which can be a huge advantage as it is possible to reinstall Ubuntu while keeping all of your user files and preferences intact.

Below is an screen capture of my current setup. The system is partitioned in UEFI mode which means that Secure Boot is enabled and is why I have an EFI boot, recovery, and other NTFS system data partitions created by Windows during the installation process. If you installed in Legacy mode you'd have a System Reserved partition instead of EFI boot, etc as well as the main primary Windows partition.

On the Linux side I have partitioned 18.65 GiB at ext4 as the root partition for Linux, a separate partition for user data at 437.77 GiB as the home partition and a linux-swap partition at 7.45 GiB.

To allocate separate partitions for root and home all you need to do is select the free space on the SSD and click on the + sign to the bottom left of the window to open the window below and configure the root partition with your preferred size (15-20 GBs is usually the recommended for value) and set it as Ext 4 Journalling file system, now do the same for the home partition but leave some extra space for the swap partition (it is recommended for the swap to be around the same value as your system memory), now use all of the free space left on the SSD but select swap area instead of an Ext4. From here the system should be ready to install Ubuntu with separate root and home partitions.


Cannot Boot Kubuntu||Ubuntu Live USB, SPROM revision: 11 Error

nomodeset and proprietary driver

After a short dialogue in the comment field, you found that it works with the boot option nomodeset. This link, boot options, and links from it describe how to do it.

When you can get into the system, you can install a proprietary graphics driver for your nvidia chip.

Tweaks for the motherboard or the wifi chip/card

Other people with a similar(?) problem may need some special tweaks for the motherboard, or a proprietary driver for the wifi chip/card.


Is there any Auto-scroll focus in Ubuntu?

I use Kubuntu 14.04.1 LTS, and I can scroll a background window without it coming to the foreground, using the mouse scroll wheel.  All I do is hover the mouse cursor over a visible portion of the window I want to scroll, and roll the wheel.  This in KDE/Plasma desktop, which is the only Ubuntu I've used, so I don't know if the capability exists in other Ubuntu desktop environments.


Color Calibration in Ubuntu and Xerox 8570 printer

Little theory. For each device, printer or monitor there is a ICC profile (ICC profile is a set of data that characterizes a color input or output device, or a color space (C) Wiki). If you want to find a match you can change settings of printer or monitor or both. As I understand you want to change only monitor settings. First of all try using different viewers, they can give different output on the same monitor. Second, check that problem is realy in output devices, not in pictures itself.

There is a usefull tool for managing ICC profiles, for sure it will help with monitor, check if it can help with printer. https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/natty/gnome-color-manager/


Changing symlink "python" to "python3" causes problems

If you want to use python3 instead of python2.7 just when you manually run python applications, just add:

alias python='python3'

to your ~/.bash_aliases file. (The file may be empty depending on whether you have added any aliases in the past.)

The applications other than the ones you manually start will continue using python2.7 or python3 as before.


Same problem here. I tried using FTP, but it did not work, the same connection in FileZilla worked.

But I found the solution:
Use as location "Custom Location".
And type after URI smb://readyshare/"share-name.
Share-name is the name you have set in the router.


How to only recognise full options from getopt in a Bash script

From man getopt:

  Long  options  may  be abbreviated, as long as the abbreviation is not ambiguous.

So as long as abbreviation is not ambiguous, it will be abbreviated. You could add some other option to make it ambiguous:

TEMP=`getopt --longoptions help helpx --options h --name 'script.sh' -- "$@"`

Will give you something like:

./script.sh    --he
script.sh: option '--he' is ambiguous; possibilities: '--help' '--helpx'
Try 'script.sh --help' for more information.


Try to use the GDebi package manager to install *.deb packages. Install it by running:
sudo apt-get install gdebi

Then, to install a package, right click your *.deb package → Open with → GDebi Package Installer → Install package.
I like this because you can see detailed dependencies that you needed in status.


I have Ubuntu and Windows 10 installed on 2 different drives. How do I remove Ubuntu?

I'm sure because ubuntu overwrites windows boot manager.

Partition or disk is the same thing, you must introduce a windows 10 CD / USB and boot it.

You can download the .iso here

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10ISO

Burn it on a CD/DVD or use rufus for a USB

Once you booted the windows disk/usb go to repair option, select advanced options and then command prompt and type this

bootrec /fixboot
bootrec /fixmbr
bootrec /rebuildbcd
exit

Reboot and it will run windows, if you want to erase the ssd just go to windows partition manager and erase all the ssd.


how to install wine on Ubunut 17.10 64 bit


What is the difference between Ubuntu Software Centre and Synaptic Package Manager?

Both of them are package managers. Software center is simple to use, but synaptic is more complicated and provides more options (more details about packages for example). Synaptic will be removed from Ubuntu soon (but still available to install) since software center can do the work (here).


How to change quick key for next tab in Firefox from Ctrl+PgDown to Ctrl+End

Keyboard shortcuts - Perform common Firefox tasks quickly makes no mention of using about:config to change the keyboard shortcuts to move between tabs.

However, the page refers the reader to the Saka key extension, which may do what you want.

The Saka Key home pages has:

  With Saka Key, your keyboard can

  click links
  scroll and zoom pages
  switch, close, and rearrange tabs
  and much more

(Some related extensions no longer work in Firefox 57+ which allows only web extensions.)


How can I create simple upload interface with html (and possibly bash)?

Html is just a passive document and will not change anything on the server. So the answer is: No.

More details: Simple HTML upload form Without PHP


I'm confused by the "d-i"'s meaning in the preconfiguration file of `debconf-set-selections`

The d-imeans debian-installer when expanded. It applies to variables only used in the Debian install process. That is when the whole Debian OS is being installed to computer.
So in this case:

The "installer" installs Debian as a whole to be a working "installed system."

In a manner of speaking yes, as the installer would use apt as a tool to install packages, but dpkg is another tool involved in the process as well.

Technically, that can be where it is stored, but as a whole the Debconf database would refer to every Debconf variable that is stored, to it's contents, regardless of location. That is everything using Debconf to store data. Which can be the Debian installer, all packages installed and anything that used it directly.

It's referring to the database containing installer variables that is written to disk on install.

This all involves the Debian installer. But if you aren't customising a Debian installer or preseed file, to be used before the fact, before installation of a whole OS, this will look confusing. If you are simply trying to install software on a working system then the d-istuff isn't relevant. In particular, a preseed is used in the Debian "OS" installer, to automate the settings.


Edubuntu Deployment and Active Directory Authentication

Why not use LTSP-Cluster and integrate the server with your AD.

LTSP is already integrated into Edubuntu as an option during installation.

https://www.ltsp-cluster.org


wireless is disabled by hardware lenovo 3000g430

Try with command.  Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below.

rfkill unblock all


Partitioning issue on already installed ubuntu when re-installing

I'm not sure about all of your problems, but I can say this:

I'm not sure about the filesystem-identification problem. I don't have every aspect of the Ubuntu installer memorized, so I'd need to experiment to figure out whether what you describe is normal; and if not, what the problem might be.
This sounds like sometimes you're booting the installer in EFI mode and sometimes in BIOS mode. Your original installation was almost certainly done in EFI mode, so I recommend sticking with that. You can check the boot mode by dropping to a shell and looking for a directory called /sys/firmware/efi; if it's present, you've booted in EFI mode, and if not you've probably booted in BIOS mode. If the installer tries to set up an EFI System Partition (ESP; what the Ubuntu installer confusingly calls an "EFI boot partition," IIRC) then you've probably booted in EFI mode. If the installer wants to set up a BIOS Boot Partition, then you've probably booted in BIOS mode. You can usually control the boot mode via a firmware boot manager, but how to get into it and what options it shows vary greatly from one computer to another. Usually you activate it by pressing a function key early in the boot process (before any Linux boot manager appears).
In EFI mode, there should probably be no option about where to install GRUB, although this is one of the aspects of the installer that I haven't memorized. If there is an option for this in EFI mode, then it's either bad user interface design or it should ask about which of several ESPs to use, and your answer in either case probably doesn't matter. In BIOS mode, the MBR is probably the best choice, although as I say, I think you should be installing in EFI mode.
To install over an existing system, you need to identify your old root (/) partition as your new root partition, and tell the installer to erase the partition's existing contents. I don't recall the exact user interface details to do this. It will be a little bit easier to set up if you also tell it to mount the old /home partition at /home, but you must be very careful to tell it to not erase the contents (the installer might use the term "format" or "reformat" rather than "erase"). If you're replacing the existing system, you probably do want to erase /boot, if it's a separate partition, although failing to do so won't be fatal -- you might just end up with some non-functional items in your boot menu.
I'm not sure what you're saying here. If you're saying that the program is giving inconsistent data on the size of a single partition, then this could be a sign of a serious bug or hardware fault -- or it could be user error. (You might be intending to select one partition but instead select different ones by accident, for instance.)

Be sure to back up your user data before a re-installation. Although this process usually goes smoothly if you're careful, it can go badly if you make a mistake, or occasionally if there's a bug in the installer.


I changed the USB cable and it works fine now.


Normal Temperature of Dell Inspiron N4050

According to Dell your laptop can have 3 different processors.  These processors are listed below with their max temperatures.

According to Intel:

If you have Intel Pentium Processor B950 (2M Cache, 2.10 GHz) the maximum temperature allowed at the processor die is 85°C

If you have Intel Core i5-2430M Processor (3M Cache, up to 3.00 GHz) the maximum temperature allowed at the processor die is 100°C

If you have Intel Core i3-2330M Processor (3M Cache, 2.20 GHz) the maximum temperature allowed at the processor die is 85°C - 100°C

So by that since your is between 45°C - 65°C you should be OK.

As per your comment, that you have Intel Core i3-2350M CPU @ 2.30GHz, just see images below:


Recovering Unallocated space on dual boot machine (Ubuntu, Win 10)

Create a logical partition

Good to know:

When you install an OS in MBR/BIOS mode you can't have more than four primary partitions. This is the same for Windows and Ubuntu. Also, when you create a logical partition, it is treated like a container for more partitions but the actual logical partition (the container) will be treated as a primary partition. The only way to overcome this is installing your OS in UEFI/GPT mode. Then you can have way more than four partitions.

You can read this up here

What to do

You should delete the swap partition first, so it is unallocated space. The next step is to create a logical partition using all of the space you have. Finally create your "inner" partitions - one swap and one whatever you want it to be, as long it is not a partition used for system stuff (/boot for example).

You should be done now.


General preparation for all options

As with all major disk operations, ensure you have backups of important data, before beginning. Pay special attention to backing up any keys, SSL, GPG, etc on the drive as they are not included in many backup routines. I use seahorse Passwords and Keys, any keymanager should have a backup function.

Option # 1: Get Kubuntu Desktop for your flavour

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

Will add kubuntu-desktop GUI and apps, to your existing installation, you can switch between at the login. Pros, both are available. Cons, a lot of redundancy.

Option # 2: Clean install

Pros, well it's clean. Cons, time and effort reinstalling packages, and possibly data.

New information: Xubuntu, 17.04 release will provision a swap file instead of a partition swap on clean installs, upgrades in place will continue using the legacy swap partition. Check you iso release notes for your chosen Ubuntu version

Option # 3: Upgrade in place * my recommendation

Download a iso image of the desired version of Kubuntu, and put on a USB.
Boot from USB, select the first Option, Update to... Pros, clean Kubuntu GUI, the installer cherry-picks conflicting system files and removes them.
Cons: none I'm aware of

Option # 4: Install alongside your existing installation.

Not really an option for your end point.


Depends on where your bottle neck is, but IMO FreeNX is the fastest VNC server.


gedit showing wrong strange numeric characters after ubuntu upgrade

@heynnema was right. The Gedit font got lost in the upgrade.

Font None selected on Gedit:


Since the swap doesn't have any data stored on it, you can swapoff, remove the swap volume, extend your home-partition and recreate the swap at the end of the drive.


Can't start Psychonauts game -- segfault

you can try to download the patch 0.4 and extract it to the Psychonauts folder from this link.
I had some bug and with this patch i solved everything.

PS: The psychonaut folder is in /opt/Psychonauts if you installed it from Ubuntu Software Center.


Trying to install 64-bit Ubuntu in VB, says it says it needs x86-64 CPU, but my CPU is 64-bit

The answer depends on what OS you have installed on the laptop. If it's Windows, make sure you do not have Hyper-v running.

If another hypervisor is running on your system then VirtualBox won't be able utilise your CPU virtualisation capabilities.

I'd also check to make sure that your CPU has Intel VT-x/AMD-V enabled: Windows, Linux


Keyboard shortcut for pasting on the GNOME Terminal


@APP_INDICATOR_CFLAGS@: No such file or directory

I'm not very good at debugging build issues either but here goes.

I can tell you that this is caused by the Debian patch 89_use_application_indicator.patch which references https://bugs.edge.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nautilus/+bug/497880

Apparently @APP_INDICATOR_CFLAGS@ from libnautilus-private/Makefile.am is not properly substituted with the output from pkg-config --cflags --libs appindicator-0.1. It's likely that after applying the distribution patches you forgot to run autoreconf.

Simply run autoreconf and run make again. This will update configure.in to substitute APP_INDICATOR_CFLAGS.


Norbert pointed it out, this askubuntu Question totally helped, I simmply needed to use sudo apt install --reinstall coreutils, and now everything works again...
Thanks Norbert!
I don't know if it works that way, but if it gets the points post your thing as an Answer, then I can (I believe) set it as the working answer.


How to check integrity of system if Wubi not shut down properly

You can run file system integrity checks on the host partition (NTFS) as well as on the root.disk (ext3/4). You should always run it in this order, because the root.disk is also a file and if it is corrupt, trying to fsck it won't help and may in fact damage it further.**

So, when I am concerned due to some event, for example a hardware crash that Alt+SysRq REISUB couldn't recover and a hard shutdown was required,... then I would:

Boot Windows and select the host drive, Tools, Repair. If it's
C: then you'll have to reboot and let Windows boot to get chkdsk
to run.
Boot from a Live USB/DVD and fsck the root.disk:

fsck -fvy /media/win/ubuntu/disks/root.disk

You could probably fsck it in recovery mode also, but usually doing it from a live CD is easiest.

** I am very convinced of this having worked with many people who've lost their Wubi installs, and it seems that running fsck first (usually via boot-repair) on a corrupted NTFS filesystem can damage the root.disk beyond repair.


Change the http port in the following two files:

/usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
/opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf


How to disable notification for indicator-keylock?

dconf and its write parameter alows you to turn that off with:

dconf write /apps/indicators/keylock/notifications false


I came up with my own solution for this. Basically, I wrote a C program that monitors the lid and lock or lock and suspend the system based on whether it's connected to power. It also inhibits the systemd-logind lid events to prevent any surprises.


Ctrl-Alt-t opens root terminal instead of normal terminal

What happens ?

TL;DR #1: Basically, you spawn x-terminal-emulator and Unity searches for anything that has x-terminal-emulator in their shortcut file.

You press Ctrl+Alt+T, which spawns x-terminal-emulator. In Debian Alternatives system, x-terminal-emulator is a symlink to a whatever terminal emulator app you would want to use.
Unity's mechanisms search through the list of "shortcut" files in /usr/share/applications. It finds the gksu.desktop file, which has Exec=gksu /usr/bin/x-terminal-emulator line and then takes out the line Name=Root Terminal. That Root Terminal is then displayed on the Unity's panel

Why the same thing doesn't happen with gnome-terminal?

TL;DR #2: gnome-terminal is actually spawned by a wrapper script, to which the default shortcut is linked.

When you run sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator you are presented with choices, but none of them is /usr/bin/gnome-terminal. Rather you have /usr/bin/gnome-terminal.wrapper which is a perl script that sets up gnome-terminal first ! If you read through that script, at the end it has the following line :

exec('gnome-terminal',@args);

The exec call then spawns /usr/bin/gnome-terminal , as separate app. Unity again searches /usr/share/applications/ directory and finds gnome-terminal.desktop file which has Name=Terminal line, and it shows it on the launcher.

What can be done?

TL;DR #3: reassign keyboard shortcut,use custom wrapper, or create custom .desktop file. I recommend the .desktop way.

Easiest way is to reassign the shortcut. Use gsettings for that

 gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec 'sakura'

But that still doesn't solve the quirk with Unity's dash. My preferred solution is to create the custom .desktop file /usr/share/applications/x-terminal-emulator.desktop with the following contents

[Desktop Entry]
Name=MY CUSTOM TERMINAL
Encoding=UTF-8
Exec=/usr/bin/x-terminal-emulator
Icon=gksu-root-terminal
StartupNotify=true
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=GTK;Utility;TerminalEmulator;

That way , you don't have to change anything, but Unity will display MY CUSTOM NAME on the launcher.

Third way, if you are feeling adventurous is to write a wrapper script, something like this:

   #!/bin/sh
   exec /path/to/terminal-emulator ${1+"$@"}

Then you can add it as one of the options in the alternatives system using

sudo update-alternatives   --install /path/to/wrapper name /path/to/wrapper priority

Side note: priority is an integer, such as 10.

More info

Ubuntu Manpage: update-alternatives
Wrapper Script
What is a terminal Wrapper ?


Users can be limited to their home directories by uncommenting /etc/vsftpd.conf file:

chroot_local_user=YES

To limit a specific list of users, allow only their home directories:

chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftp.chroot_list

Set User HOME Directory:

usermod --home /home/user username

Set required permission on /home/user

Restart ftp services:

/etc/init.d/vsftpd restart


In the directory where you installed cmap, there is a script called CmapTools that you just need to launch like any other script:

$ ./CmapTools


Yes, the default home folders are defined in .config/user-dirs.dirs, which is a hidden configuration file, and you can open it with gedit .config/user-dirs.dirs. It looks like this, which is, hopefully, self-explanitory:

# This file is written by xdg-user-dirs-update
# If you want to change or add directories, just edit the line you're
# interested in. All local changes will be retained on the next run
# Format is XDG_xxx_DIR="$HOME/yyy", where yyy is a shell-escaped
# homedir-relative path, or XDG_xxx_DIR="/yyy", where /yyy is an
# absolute path. No other format is supported.
#
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"

Logout/login for the changed to take effect.


"Couldn't find any package by regex 'libmwsgl.so' "

libmwsgl is not in the Ubuntu or Debian repositories, nor can I find any other useful information relating to it aside from this tutorial on installing tracegraph.

This tutorial, while 5 years old, seems to be fairly comprehensive and the comments on it seem to indicate its helpfulness.

I'll summarise it here, but please make sure to read the thing in full.

First, install this Tracegraph2.02 and this mgl (both mediafire; not dead/spam links because I checked.)
Open  a terminal and cd to the directory where the files downloaded: cd ~/Downloads, perhaps.

if you prefer not to use the terminal, just browse to the download directory in nautilus (file manager).

from a terminal, run:

tar zxvf tracegraph202linux.tar.gz  # gunzip and tar xvf in one command
gunzip mglinstaller.gz              # gunzip will destroy the original archive
mv mglinstaller tracegraph202/mglinstaller

in the last command, make sure to replace tracegraph202/mglinstaller with <wherever tracegraph extracted>/mglinstaller.

from file manager, just right-click on each archive and select "Extract Here," then drag mglinstaller into tracegraph's folder.

from a terminal, cd into tracegraph202 and give mglinstaller executable permissions and run it:

chmod +x mlginstaller; ./mglinstaller

from file manager, you may be able to just double-click on mglinstaller: if you're prompted about whether you want to run it, just click Run in Terminal or similar. If double-clicking is unsuccessful, open the mglinstaller's properties by right-clicking -> "Properties" and selecting the "Permissions" tab at the top, then ensuring the Executable? box is fully checked for your user.

When it runs, press enter at the prompt. There should now be a folder called bin/glnx86 in the same directory, i.e. tracegraph202/bin/glnx86. Copy everything else from tracegraph202 into tracegraph/bin/glnx86 using rsync (the safest way to exclude from a copy):

rsync -av --progress --exclude="bin" . /bin/glnx86

from file manager, just copy/paste everything except bin into bin/glnx86.

Now, run export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$HOME/tracegraph202/bin/glnx86" (the pathname represents the full absolute path to bin/glnx86).
Close the terminal window, then open a new one. If the following is unsuccessful, try logging out and back in, then retrying it:
cd to wherever tracegraph202/bin/glnx86 is, then give trgraph executable permissions and run it (same as above; this can be done from file manager in the same way as above too):

chmod +x ./trgraph; ./trgraph

For the future, you can either sudo cp ~/whatever/tracegraph202/bin/glnx /usr/local/bin, so you can just type trgraph to run it, or add an alias or custom path to your .bashrc.

In the tutorial I'm referencing (linked above), there's a note that if your machine / Linux installation is x86_64 (64-bit), you may need to install some 32-bit libraries for it to work. However, these libraries (ia32-libs) are no longer available (as one will discover from a bit of googling), and are not installable or relevant.

The only way around this, as far as I know, is to try to build the relevant 32-bit libraries from source. If this issue affects you, let me know and I can try to help.


17.10 stuck at "unlock your login keyring" on startup

The problem was solved by killing the process gnome-keyring-daemon via virtual console. Although the interface looked different when I logged in. Having few other strange problems with 17.10 I decided to return back to 16.04. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯


clang: error: unknown argument: '-no-pie'

Probably you are using a too old clang version.

For me, clang accepts the -no-pie option, so I get no error when doing e.g. this:

clang -no-pie test.c

Use clang --version to check which version you are using. Here is what I get:

$ clang --version
clang version 8.0.0-3 (tags/RELEASE_800/final)
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix

Try to install a newer clang version somehow. One way to do that may be to do something like sudo apt install clang-8.


Reboot with a Live DVD and reset the permissions to what they need to be. By the way: there is no su in /usr/bin/ so you might need to re-examine what you actually did.

There is one in /bin/. Should be set to:

ls -l su
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 36936 jul 18  2014 su

That would be chmod 4755 /bin/su


is there any way to create a hidden hotspot from ubuntu?

Yes, you can do this with this script https://github.com/Daniyal-Javani/AP-Hotspot

You can run this with downloading ap-hotspot file and do chmod 777 ap-hotspot or install with sudo apt-get install ap-hotspot Then change codes in /usr/bin/ap-hotspot with my script!


Before going into detail about Virtualbox, VMware or any other virtualization technology there are a couple of things that need to be checked. When starting to use virtualization one must have the correct hardware or better yet, a more capable and optimized hardware to help with virtualization:

CPU and Motherboard technologies like AMD's AMD-V and Intel's VT-X provide a huge leap in performance over hardware that does not have it, specially in the Input/Output.
Assuming that we have the CPU/Mobo cover, we then look into the amount of memory available. Virtualization requires in most cases that we assign real amounts of memory to a virtualized guest. The more memory assign to the guest, the less memory we have available for the host. So this memory sharing game can improve performance for the guest while lowering for the host or it can be enough to have both running perfectly.
After this, we then have hard disk performance. Is not the same to use a 5400RPM HDD than a 7200RPM HDD than a SSD. The amount of reads and writes the virtualization will do, plus the amount the host will be doing can make the HDD the bottleneck of the problem if the HDD is very slow.
Lastly in the hardware part we have the video and sound card. If the host has an Intel card that can only deliver OpenGL 1.x, we can't expect that the guest will offer OpenGL 4.x. The guest will work with whatever is available from the real graphics card (assuming the virtualization technology and OS allow direct access to the video card). Same goes for the sound.

So taking into consideration the CPU, Motherboard, RAM, HDD and Video/Audio we can play with it and have a virtualized hardware ready host.

If all requirements are met, then we can proceed to see what host OS to use. Some OSes are better at working with virtualization technology than others. Some are even better on specific hardware. The mileage depends on the hardware and OS involved.

With that in mind, in the software department, the guest OS also changes the game. Depending on the OS used in the guest, and the type of OS used in the host, it can have a positive or negative effect on overall performance.

So as you can see there are a lot of variables. Along with everything mentioned above, we also end with the question of:

How will you use the virtualized environment? For what purpose or need?
What virtualization technology is better for me? Virtualbox, VMWare, Parallels (since you mention a MAC), KVM, QEMU, etc...
What version to use and what does each version offer?
Does it repair a bug that affected me?, does it increase or decrease performance?
Will I be using it with a network interface, creating a virtual LAN, accessing a remote PC or offering a remote connection?
What Host is better with a specific virtualization software and what Guest is better for it?

So here are many questions that one must ask before going into the virtualization world.

My suggestions and also to add to your question would be to add the type of hardware you have and what type of use you will be doing with Virtualbox.


I would like to harden my OpenVPN settings. The network is a layer 3 vpn. I believe they are already quite good for today's standards and I will post them below. I currently make use of aes-256-cbc, but I would like to increase the bits. Is it possible to have higher AES bits than 256?

The short answer is that increasing the keysize will not harden it. AES 256 is considered secure. There's no significant known attacks on AES encryption, and even AES-128 is generally considered secure - there's no known attacks that allows significantly faster clear text recovery than brute force of AES.

And brute force is nearly impossible. Even with 128 bit keys, and testing a billion keys per second, you're talking trillions of years of computing to breach it.

So don't attempt to harden it by increasing the key size. That is the wrong tree to bark up.

A better approach would be to ensure privacy of key material. Use for instance Yubikeys to store the private keys of the certificates, to ensure that they cannot be copied. Secure the root certificate key with a HSM, or delete it after you have generated the needed number of certificates. Harden the host machine with AppArmour or SELinux, and ensure that it is in a DMZ with clearly defined firewall rules that controls traffic. And so forth.

In short: focusing on key length is a waste of time. XKCD#538 sums it up well:

The cryptographic functions are very unlikely to be the weak link in your setup, and far more likely problems are insecure configuration or out-of-date software, or even physical device security.