How to run vnc server on a headless ubuntu 16.04 without flashback GUI?

Unfortunately, it turns out that vncserver, tightvncserver and vnc4server sometimes has problems with gnome and Ubuntu desktop alone (e.g. top bar not displaying username and shell not activating), I tried a bunch of methods and it seems that the simplest solution (at least in the case of Ubuntu 16.04 LTS) is to use XFCE4 instead of gnome3, you can do this install by executing in terminal:

$ sudo apt-get install gnome-core xfce4 firefox nano -y --force-yes

You can then install Xfdashboard 0.4.0 on Xubuntu 16.04 with XFCE to get some nice extra functionalities by executing:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/extras
$ sudo apt-get install xfdashboard

Once all the new installation succeeds we have to edit the VNC xstartup file (~/.vnc/xstartup) to match the configuration given below so that it properly displays XCFE4. To do this, start by opening the file on an editor like NANO or VIM. Note: This file will only be created after you start a VNC session for the first time.

$ nano ~/.vnc/xstartup

Now edit the end of the file to match it with the below configuration.

#!/bin/sh
autocutsel -fork
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
startxfce4 &

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &

Save the file by pressing ctrl + o and then pressing enter
exit by pressing ctrl + x and then pressing enter.

Now you can launch the VNC session again,

$ vncserver  -geometry 1680x1050 :1

it should all work and look better with the top bar icons


sounds like your user was added with the sh shell instead of bash
try the following.

su to your new user and type chsh type /bin/bash and press enter
now try reloging and see if it works


Can't login to Unity 3d after enabling Xinerama for a short moment

It seems like I managed to solve the problem. Looking at /etc/X11/xorg.conf, I found that two things needed to be changed:

Option         "Composite" "Disable"

to

Option         "Composite" "Disable"

and

Option         "TwinView" "0"

to

Option         "TwinView" "1"

Apparently, switching to Xinerama disables composite, but switching back from it doesn't re-enable it. Also, TwinView was for some reason marked as disabled, though I did see two monitors. I hope this helps anyone else who runs into this problem.


How do disable the CD-ROM for all users?

Can you do this to change the permissions of the drive to root only

sudo chmod 700 /media/path/to/your/DVDRom

Your mount point is in /media/DVDdrivenamehere

This will make it requier root password and

sudo chmod 777 /media/path/to/your/DVDRom

Will allow full accsess againg

To disable DVD auto-play open system settings and go to details

On the left choose removable media, you can easily set auto-play parameters. from here


No wireless detected, no drivers available

I'm a bit late for this, but if someone arrives here looking for this question, here is the answer. It worked for me in Ubuntu 11.04 and 11.10.

Open a  terminal and type

sudo modprobe -r acer_wmi

You should be able to connect to the wireless till next reboot.

Making the change permanent

Edit the file /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf with your favorite text editor, ie gksu gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf, and add this line at the end of the file

blacklist acer_wmi

Reboot and you’re done.

Please note: This applies to wireless card having rtl8188ce chipset. You can view that by typing lspci in a terminal and searching for the entries respective to Network Controller.

The problem should be solved for Ubuntu 12.04.


xfce terminal: run script on session restore

I wasn't thinking... I can just call my set_python_env function at the end of .bashrc --- it's a no-op if called outside a directory with a Python virtual environment. Each new terminal tab has a shell running anyway.


After UPDATE, I get: "no rule to build the target" running MAKE, why?

The clue to this question is this part of the error message:

  make[2]: * No rule to build the target « arch/x86/tools/relocs.c », needed for « arch/x86/tools/relocs ». Stop.

The makefile is looking for a code module called relocs.c.

Now, code modules don't normally exist in the kernel headers. You need to extract the kernel source first and then the Makefile has something to chew on.

Let's do this.

Navigate to your kernel source folder:

cd /usr/src/linux-source-[version]

In your case [version] kernel version is 3.2.0.

List the contents of the folder. You should see a file in there called linux-source-[version].tar.bz2. N.B. as before replace [version] with your kernel version number.

If you don't, install the source:

sudo apt-get install linux-source

Now extract the source:

sudo tar -jxvf linux-source-[version].tar.bz2

Then you should be able to complete your compilation.


How do I override or configure systemd services?

systemd units need not obey files in /etc/default. systemd is easily configurable, but requires that you know the syntax of systemd unit files.

Packages ship unit files typically in /lib/systemd/system/. These are not to be edited. Instead, systemd allows you to override these files by creating appropriate files in /etc/systemd/system/.

For a given service foo, the package would provide /lib/systemd/system/foo.service. You can check its status using systemctl status foo, or view its logs using journalctl -u foo. To override something in the definition of foo, do:

sudo systemctl edit foo

This creates a directory in /etc/systemd/system named after the unit, and an override.conf file in that directory (/etc/systemd/system/foo.service.d/override.conf). You can add or override settings using this file (or other .conf files in /etc/systemd/system/foo.service.d/).

Overriding command arguments

Take the getty service for example. Say I want to have TTY2 autologin to my user (this is not advisable, but just an example). TTY2 is run by the getty@tty2 service (tty2 being an instance of the template /lib/systemd/system/getty@service). To do this, I have to modify the getty@tty2 service.

$ systemctl cat getty@tty2
# /lib/systemd/system/getty@.service
#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.

[Unit]
Description=Getty on %I
Documentation=man:agetty(8) man:systemd-getty-generator(8)
Documentation=http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/serial-console.html
After=systemd-user-sessions.service plymouth-quit-wait.service
After=rc-local.service

# If additional gettys are spawned during boot then we should make
# sure that this is synchronized before getty.target, even though
# getty.target didn't actually pull it in.
Before=getty.target
IgnoreOnIsolate=yes

# On systems without virtual consoles, don't start any getty. Note
# that serial gettys are covered by serial-getty@.service, not this
# unit.
ConditionPathExists=/dev/tty0

[Service]
# the VT is cleared by TTYVTDisallocate
ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty --noclear %I $TERM
Type=idle
Restart=always
RestartSec=0
UtmpIdentifier=%I
TTYPath=/dev/%I
TTYReset=yes
TTYVHangup=yes
TTYVTDisallocate=yes
KillMode=process
IgnoreSIGPIPE=no
SendSIGHUP=yes

# Unset locale for the console getty since the console has problems
# displaying some internationalized messages.
Environment=LANG= LANGUAGE= LC_CTYPE= LC_NUMERIC= LC_TIME= LC_COLLATE= LC_MONETARY= LC_MESSAGES= LC_PAPER= LC_NAME= LC_ADDRESS= LC_TELEPHONE= LC_MEASUREMENT= LC_IDENTIFICATION=

[Install]
WantedBy=getty.target
DefaultInstance=tty1

In particular, I have to change the ExecStart line, which currently is:

$ systemctl cat getty@tty2 | grep Exec
ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty --noclear %I $TERM

To override this, do:

sudo systemctl edit getty@tty2

And add:

[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty -a muru --noclear %I $TERM

Note that:

I had to explicitly clear ExecStart before setting it again, as it is an additive setting, similar to After, Environment (as a whole, not per-variable) and EnvironmentFile, and opposed to overriding settings like RestartSec or Type. ExecStart can have multiple entries only for Type=oneshot services.
I had to use the proper section header. In the original file, ExecStart is in the [Service] section, so my override has to put ExecStart in the [Service] section as well. Often, having a look at the actual service file using systemctl cat will tell you what you need to override and which section it is in.

Usually, if you edit a systemd unit file, for it to take effect, you need to run:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

However, systemctl edit automatically does this for you.

Now:

$ systemctl cat getty@tty2 | grep Exec
ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty --noclear %I $TERM
ExecStart=
ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty -a muru --noclear %I $TERM

$ systemctl show getty@tty2 | grep ExecS
ExecStart={ path=/sbin/agetty ; argv[]=/sbin/agetty -a muru --noclear %I $TERM ; ... }

And if I do:

sudo systemctl restart getty@tty2

and press CtrlAltF2, presto! I'll be logged into my account on that TTY.

As I said before, getty@tty2 is an instance of a template. So, what if I wanted to override all instances of that template? That can be done by editing the template itself (removing the instance identifier - in this case tty2):

systemctl edit getty@

Overriding the environment

A common use case of /etc/default files is setting environment variables. Usually, /etc/default is a shell script, so you could use shell language constructs in it. With systemd, however, this is not the case. You can specify environment variables in two ways:

Via a file

Say you have set the environment variables in a file:

$ cat /path/to/some/file
FOO=bar

Then, you can add to the override:

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/path/to/some/file

In particular, if your /etc/default/grub contains only assignments and no shell syntax, you could use it as the EnvironmentFile.

Via Environment entries

The above could also be accomplished using the following override:

[Service]
Environment=FOO=bar

However, this can get tricky with multiple variables, spaces, etc. Have a look at one of my other answers for an example of such an instance.

Further Reading

Via this mechanism, it becomes very easy to override systemd units, as well as to undo such changes (by simply removing the override file). These are not the only settings which can be modified.

The following links would be useful:

Arch Wiki entry on systemd
systemd for Administrators, Part IX: On /etc/sysconfig and /etc/default (by the lead developer of systemd, Lennart Poettering)
The systemd manpages, in particular, the manpages of systemd.unit and systemd.service
Ubuntu Wiki entry on Systemd for Upstart users


Go to Variety's Preferences -> Effects and turn off the option for quotes (or from Variety's menu choose Quote -> Turn off).


Vendor(s) for machines supporting ppc64el

The OpenPOWER Foundation backs the current generation of PowerPC hardware.  Their resource catalog lists available systems that can be purchased among other equipment.


Is there an alternative to the skype service?

A Free Skype Alternative Jitsi ,
For video tutorial check Jupiterbroadcasting


How to disable screen saver in totem when playing movie?

You can alternatively use Caffeine

  Its a status bar application able to temporarily prevent the
  activation of both the screensaver and the "sleep" powersaving mode

You can get Caffeine here https://launchpad.net/caffeine or

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:caffeine-developers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install caffeine python-glade2


What you see there is an informational message, and it does not represent any issue on your system.  This is actually a good informational message to see since it means your system is in a 'clean' state on disk - no partition issues, readable filesystem currently, mounted up, and general stats on your disk size/usage of inodes and blocks.

This isn't an 'issue' that you fix, because if the system boots up properly after that then you're good to go and totally fine.


You have more than one Java version installed and you are using different versions for java and javac. javac -version returns 1.7.0_85, while java -version returns 1.8.0_66. This means that javaccreates bytecode for Java 7 and you try to compile a version for Java 8.

Execute

sudo update-alternatives --config javac

and select Java 8 to solve your problem.


Ubuntu One can't connect after installing CouchDB

Can you try to this?

1) Remove any backport repository you may have added.

2) Run this at terminal:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install aptitude && sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude purge ubuntuone-client && sudo aptitude install ubuntuone-client


how to update dual boot windows 7 / ubuntu 13.04 to 14.04

During the system setup, there is an option for "something else" when partitioning. If you look into this, you can format the partition for Ubuntu 13.04 and mark it to install Ubuntu 14.04. This will leave your Windows 7 partition untouched.


How do I auto shutdown in kiosk mode instead of sleeping?

You can use sleepd command to and -s option to modify the action upon inactivity.

Install it using:

sudo apt-get install sleepd
sleepd [-s command] -u300

Visit sleepd manpage for more info.


How do I make a unified patch with diff?

You could run:

diff -ruN src src-with-fixes > patch.diff

Where:

-r means "recursive"
-u means "produce a unified format diff"
-N means "treat absent files as empty"


How do I exit the lock screen for Ubuntu 18.04 in VirtualBox?

To unlock your computer, raise the lock screen curtain by dragging it upward with the cursor, or by pressing Esc or Enter. This will reveal the login screen, where you can enter your password to unlock. Alternatively, just start typing your password and the curtain will be automatically raised as you type. You can also switch users if your computer is configured for more than one user.source


Keyboard not working in Hyper-V gen 2 vm under Server 16.04 installer

This is likely related to https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/initramfs-tools/+bug/1567107 where the hyperv_keyboard synthetic driver was missing from initramfs.


DISPLAY variable blank. 12.04.5 LTS on virtualbox

Does the guide you're following tell you to run export DISPLAY.... For example, it might say export DISPLAY=:0. If it doesn't, try running that and then echo $DISPLAY.


You could try creating the bootstick with UNetBootin instead of PenDriveLinux.
UNetBootIn is the least buggy bootstick creator I know.


You can easily install the connector (chrome-gnome-shell) from your package manager or terminal:
sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shell

Reference: Wiki


Display PPA from which package will be downloaded during upgrade

You could call it with the --print-uris option:

apt-get upgrade --print-uris

It does pretty much nothing except print where it gets the packages from.

This won't work if the packages are already downloaded. The sure shot way is a dry run:

apt-get upgrade --dry-run -y

The repository label and channel should be printed along with the package.


The linux kernel and linux filesystems do a lot of things to minimize fragmentation, but it's not true that fragmentation isn't possible.  The amount of fragmentation is dependent on the type of usage of a filesystem (as Jeremy points to the Transmission bugtracker, large torrents can be an example of "bad" behaviour for fragmentation, depending on how applications work with them).  In general, it doesn't get really bad normally, unless you manage to almost fill up your disk.

Oh, and you get the best defragmentation by copying everything to another filesystem, deleting the old filesystem, and then copying everything back.  That's also true on Windows...  ;)

Actually, you can do the copy + delete trick on the same filesystem too, but remember that you need to make a copy, then delete the old one, and not do a move/rename!


Ubuntu 12.04 - after update it boots in command line only (no windows manager)

I would check ~ZSW/.xsession-errors first, and then check /var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log for any errors. If I had to guess, I would say it was a permissions issue, and that the lightdm user can't see the files it needs to be able to start properly.


Change swap (potentially with user data) to ext4

If what you say above is 100% sure then use testdisk.

Install it: aptitude install testdisk
Run it and point the console interactive to the partition that you are sure it is the one you had before.
If there has been no changes then you should have a big chance of recovering everything.


Team Fortress 2 fails to launch with primus/optirun

Found an answer to my own question here: https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-for-linux/issues/3506


Hangouts Floating in the middle of the screen

I had the same problem.

To resize the browsers tab-font, I used the following chromium flag:
CHROMIUM_FLAGS="--force-device-scale-factor=0.7"
in: /etc/chromium-browser/default

Unfortunately this flag affects hangouts too.


Can't install Ubuntu on HP Series 2000, blank screen

It seems a problem is in your integrated Graphics driver. You may try to use alternate install CD which may solve this kind of problem.

Download the iso from the below link. (32bit or 64bit)

32 bit - Download 32bit version of alternate install CD
64 bit - Download 64bit version of alternate install CD
Then burn the iso in a CD or create a bootable USB
Reboot from the alternate install CD and install from there.

Go to these links to get help on installing from alternate CD:

Official Ubuntu installation guide for i386 (32bit)
Installation guide for amd64 (64bit)

Also see this page for a general discussion.


I have solved the problem with the help of a related question here.

cd ~
rm -r .cache .config


How can I install Vagrant on 12.04 if ruby-json is already installed?

I think you want to install the latest Vagrant .deb from their website. It transitioned away from being a Ruby gem.


Is an Ubuntu installation through untrusted DNS secure?

Yes. Even if somebody were able to inject a malicious deb file for you to install, apt would refuse to install it as it wouldn't match the OpenPGP keys used by the Ubuntu developers.


Cannot import gnuradio. Is python set correctly?

In what must be my 6th distinct attempt in as many months to setup and run GNU Radio on Windows, I have finally succeeded! I admit I'm a little delirious with joy and disbelief.  I'm answering here because I was getting the exact same error you are, and I suspect you're having the same problem despite the different platform.

What worked for me (after installing GNU Radio binaries from Ettus, including adding it to the path, and installing Python 2.7):

Set PYTHONPATH=[your Python install]\Lib\site-packages;[GNU Radio install]\lib\site-packages
pip install pygtk
pip install numpy
pip install lxml
pip install Cheetah

(Note: on Windows, pip installs must be run from elevated command prompt "Run as administrator")

I figured out the problem by launching Python interactively and trying the failing statement from gnuradio-companion.py manually, from gnuradio import gr which gave me ImportError: No module named numpy.  That's when it clicked that the module loading was failing while loading its dependent modules, and pip to the rescue to solve that!


I know old question but just in case if it helps someone:

I had same issue but i realized that I started with a new xstartup
and the file didn't have executable permission on it. So I gave the permission to the file and it was working fine

sudo chmod +x ~/.vnc/xstartup
vncserver -kill :1
vncserver :1


In your .bashrc you can change the colors

You are looking for the following line

PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u\[\033[01;36m\]@\[\033[01;32m\]\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '


To change your system wide proxy settings, click on system settings and select Network. In the next screen, make it look as follows:

Then click apply system wide.

It should have removed the proxy from intercepting your internet traffic.


You should use the Synaptic Package Manager or Software Centre to remove the preloaded apps and check you are not removing anything desirable along with the program you do not need. Either program will prompt if anything other than the program in question is to be removed.

i.e. removing either of  the' xdiagnose' or 'xterm' packages will also remove the 'ubuntu-desktop' package. 'ubuntu-desktop' is a required package if you ever intend to upgrade to a new version of ubuntu, so removing this is not desirable.

On the other hand, if I wanted to remove the 'shotwell' package I can do so without affecting the rest of the system. The same goes for firefox and most of the other built-in apps available from the Dash.


Segmentation fault / fail to boot after CPU upgrade?

ramdisk
Your ramdisk file is not current for your new CPU.
From the GRUB menu, boot to Recovery Mode...

GRUB menu

Additional Options

Recovery Mode

Root Access

And type:
sudo update-initramfs -c -k $(uname -r)
reboot
BIOS
HP ProDesk 400 G4 Small Form Factor PC
You currently have BIOS version P08 2.15, from Jan 30, 2018.
There's a newer BIOS available, version P08 02.35 Rev.A, from May 11, 2020, and can be downloaded here.
Note: Confirm that I have the correct web page for your model #.
Note: Have good backups before updating the BIOS.
memtest
Go to https://www.memtest86.com/ and download/run their free memtest to test your memory. Get at least one complete pass of all the 4/4 tests to confirm good memory. This may take many hours to complete.
Update #1:
memtest fails at test #6 [Block Move], with i7, and either 8G or 32G RAM installed. Same address range. Suspect CPU or motherboard problem.
Update #2:
It was determined that the (used) i7 CPU was defective. The i5 CPU was reinstalled, and memtest ran fine again.


Internet can't be connected - "Disconnected - you are now offline"

Enter in terminal ifconfig | grep wlan. If it wouldn't print anything, then you most probably need to install WiFi drivers. Search in the system settings for something like «Additional drivers». Or you can enter in terminal sudo ubuntu-drivers devices, it would list devices which needs (or may need — as in the case of GPU, which would have drivers in use, but may also have alternative ones) drivers, and the drivers package names after the words drivers: .


How to create a secondary hard disk directory for WINE

There are multiple options:

Create a new Wine prefix on the new drive. You should use a new Wine prefix for each (unrelated) application anyway because different Windows applications tend to have different and changing requirements as to Wine settings and native libraries. PlayOnLinux can help you manage Wine prefixes and application starters if you don't want to do it on the command line and with a text editor.
Move the existing Wine prefix to the new drive and either

create a symbolic link to the new location at ~/.wine, e. g.,

ln -vsT /path/to/new/wineprefix-location ~/.wine

or update the WINEPREFIX environment variable in all your application starters (or shell scripts) for Wine applications to point to the new location, e. g.

[Desktop Entry]
...
Exec=env WINEPREFIX="/path/to/new/wineprefix-location" wine [...]
...

Move one or more large sub-directories of ~/.wine to the new drive and sym-link them to their old location. You can do this with new directories for new applications and games too.


Netgear A7000 on Ubuntu 16.04 not working

I suggest that you get a temporary working internet connection by ethernet, tether or whatever means possible. Open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git dkms
git clone https://github.com/zebulon2/rtl8814au.git
sudo dkms add ./rtl8814au
sudo dkms build -m rtl8814au -v 4.3.21
sudo dkms install -m rtl8814au -v 4.3.21

Reboot with the device inserted and your wireless should be working.


Trouble Installing Ubuntu and Lubuntu on MAC PowerPC G5

i did get some suggestions about overwriting the mac os with linux , which made me think the issue was with the MBR on the primary hard drive. so i yanked out both hard drives and put two new drives in. installed debain 8.5 on the primary drive. rebooted. and got past the "failed to start LOAD KERNEL MODULES" error. got 3 screens further. actually saw the log in screen , but before i could type anything the screen went to black with a non-blinking cursor, then the screen broke up into a cool looking b/w pattern. so made progress but still no actual success.


Import passwords from Chrome to Firefox Quantum doesn't work

This is the solution in Firefox.

Go to about:config

Click the Accept the Risk and Continue when Proceed with Caution page appears so that you can open the File Configuration page.

Paste the following preference name in the “search preference name” box and press the Enter.
signon.management.page.fileImport.enabled

Then, you can check whether the option is enabled. If yes, the “True” tag will show up. If disabled, you will see a “False” tag.

If the “False” tag occurs, it means that preferences are disabled. So you need to click the toggle button to turn it to “True” to turn on Import from a file option

Open Firefox and click the Menu icon. Then select the Logins and Passwords option.
From here easy.


Recording Software for multiple input devices

Your question sounds similar to this question but the previous one refers to a command line needs. Nevertheless, my previous answer is also useful for your case, placed here for your convenience:

  I am not familiar to command line recording but in your case a GUI may
  help.

  I think Ardour can help you with this tasks but yes, you will be in
  the need to use JACK in order to tell Ardour where exactly to gather
  audio inputs. Ardour will be able to handle per input track generation
  the same as other features.

  I am personally not using Ardour, I use Audacity which is also an
  audio multi-track editor/recorder and may be you can use it to extract
  your multi-track wav into single wav files.

  My suggestion would be you to give a chance to Ubuntu Studio, which is
  a distribution that features the majority of the tools needed to do
  multi-media tasks and is using JACK as the main audio engine.

  You can reach Ubuntu Studio and download an iso in order to burn a
  CD/DVD from the next link.

  http://ubuntustudio.org/

  After burnt, simply perform a Live Session in order to check if
  Ardour, Audacity and JACK fits what you need. This way you won't harm
  your current OS installation.

  I would appreciate a lot if you inform about your results and I am
  sorry because of I can't help you further at this time because of I am
  using a version of Ubuntu other than Studio.

  Good Luck!

  Screenshots of Ardour in action are placed here for your convenience:

  Here is Ardour's Session Control (seen at startup)

  Here is Ardour GUI

Give Ardour a chance and please inform if you succeeded.

Good luck!


Error with installing wine for Ubuntu 16.04

you can install another way

1.download .deb file using google
[or here]
https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-wine/+archive/ubuntu/ppa/+packages

2.after type command
 dpkg -i filename.deb replace the filename and type this command

3.if error generated then install with this commnad

dpkg -i --force-all filename.deb


Ubuntu Customization Kit is a tool that helps you customizing official
  Ubuntu Live CDs (including Kubuntu/Xubuntu and Edubuntu) to your
  needs. You can add any package to the live system, for example
  language packs, or applications.1

To download and more info see UCK.

Also may also find some good information on how to create your own distro here.


Change right click behavior for touchpad

I first met with success when I tried disabling the soft button for right click by moving it out of the bounds of the trackpad. This worked, but since my laptop also has a trackpoint with buttons integrated into the clickpad, I instead moved the soft button to the right click area of the track point.

I couldn't get these changes to persist with the xorg.conf file (which I think I should be able to, I'm just incompetent), but I got it to work as a lightdm startup script.

I made a script which executed

synclient RightButtonAreaBottom=2500 RightButtonAreaTop=0

and set that as a lightdm startup script and it all works nicely.

I'm still not perfectly happy, for example, when I click in certain positions, the cursor moves down about 5 pixels, which the windows drivers seem to be able to compensate for (also this was never a problem when running linux on my macbook pro, which also had a clickpad). I would also like to have three finger middle click, but it's not vital.


Detecting if folder exists and renaming by pattern

This could help you:

For this files:

target.bak4 -> target.bak5
target.bak3 -> target.bak4
target.bak2 -> target.bak3
target.bak1 -> target.bak2
target.bak0 -> target.bak1

You can do this:

ls -1 target.bak* | awk '{print "mv "$0" "substr($0,0,length)substr($0,length,1)+1}' | sh

For target      -> target.bak0 just do cp target target.bak

Update:

I tested this command and works only from 0 -> 19 backup, than the renaming fails... but for what you need is OK :)

Update #2:

Script version:

if [ $# != 1 ]; then
        echo 'Usage: $0 target'
        exit
fi
if [ `ls -1 $1* 2>/dev/null | grep -c $1` -lt 1 ]; then
        echo "No file found"
        exit
fi

MAXBCK=`ls -1 $1.bak* 2>/dev/null | egrep -o "[0-9]+$" | sort -n | tail -n1`

if [ "$MAXBCK" != "" ]; then
        for (( c=$MAXBCK; c>=0; c-- ))
        do
        #       echo $c $(($c+1))
                mv $1.bak$c $1.bak$(($c+1))
        done
fi

cp $1 $1.bak0

Example:

wolfy@wolfy-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ll
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 wolfy wolfy 402 May 27 14:43 fresh_clone.sh*
-rw-r--r-- 1 wolfy wolfy   0 May 27 14:10 test
wolfy@wolfy-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ./fresh_clone.sh test
wolfy@wolfy-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ll
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 wolfy wolfy 402 May 27 14:43 fresh_clone.sh*
-rw-r--r-- 1 wolfy wolfy   0 May 27 14:10 test
-rw-r--r-- 1 wolfy wolfy   0 May 27 14:44 test.bak0
wolfy@wolfy-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ./fresh_clone.sh test
wolfy@wolfy-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ll
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 wolfy wolfy 402 May 27 14:43 fresh_clone.sh*
-rw-r--r-- 1 wolfy wolfy   0 May 27 14:10 test
-rw-r--r-- 1 wolfy wolfy   0 May 27 14:44 test.bak0
-rw-r--r-- 1 wolfy wolfy   0 May 27 14:44 test.bak1
wolfy@wolfy-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ./fresh_clone.sh test
wolfy@wolfy-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ll
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 wolfy wolfy 402 May 27 14:43 fresh_clone.sh*
-rw-r--r-- 1 wolfy wolfy   0 May 27 14:10 test
-rw-r--r-- 1 wolfy wolfy   0 May 27 14:44 test.bak0
-rw-r--r-- 1 wolfy wolfy   0 May 27 14:44 test.bak1
-rw-r--r-- 1 wolfy wolfy   0 May 27 14:44 test.bak2

Try with this... but keep in mind that this is only a sample code, for "production" you should add some check before running this :)

This version works with N bak files... not only 19 ;)


Accidentally installed ubuntu on the whole disk instead of a specific partition

As the new partition table was created and the copying of data started, the data loss is inevitable. The integrity of your old Data partition depends on how fast you managed to cancel the process. According to the partition sizes of your old and new configuration, the new root partition starts beyond your old Data partition, so you still have a chance.

You are right, if you have your old partitions structure and restore it exactly, then you can get your partition back. But I doubt that you stored this info when you were creating your first configuration and this info should be precise.

Testdisk is a good tool for that job. Here's nice tutorial which explains several cases of data loss: http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/linux-data-recovery.html
The author deliberately destroyed his partition table to recover it lately. But complete recovery can be obtained only if it was held immediately after the partition table destruction, without data copying.
Nevertheless, Testdisk has an ability to analyze partition structure on standard and deep levels and try to recover your old partition configuration if it is possible.
Also check recovery tutorials on the author's site. Here's step-by-step explanation how TestDisk works: http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Step_By_Step

As regards your last question, all files after their deletion or partition table loss remain at their old positions. You mentioned Photorec, another program of the same author, which has an ability to recover files even if Testdisk failed. It uses a database of signatures of the different file types. It scans the hard drive sector by sector and seeks for these signatures. If it founds one, then it reads contiguous block of the data, checking its consistency. So if the parts of the file weren't overwritten, then it can be restored wholly. Principles of recovery are explained on this page: http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec

First of all I advise you to perform all recovery operations from other system. If you have a possibility to take off your laptop HDD and connect it to some desktop machine with adapter - that's the best way. If not, you can boot from Live CD/USB. There are special distributions aimed at data recovery, for example SystemRescueCD. Also if you've got an external HDD you can dump an image of your defective disk using dd and later work with it, so if you'll spoil the recovery, you will still have the original disk with data intact. An example of the command:

dd if=/dev/sdb of=/media/ext_disk/disk_dump

/dev/sdb in this case is your defective disk and /media/ext_disk - some external HDD which is mounted to your system. Be warned: don't reverse the order of if and of by mistake!
Default block size for dd is 512b so you can add bs=64K to the end of the command to speed up the process significantly, but this is advisable only if your original disk is error-free. There's a tool ddrescue which is used when original disk can contain errors.
Now you can work with your image instead of your disk:

testdisk /media/ext_disk/disk_dump

Here's the last link where some other recovery tools are mentioned and briefly explained: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DataRecovery


What is this "slab" that I am seeing in my session file?

Just a guess but did you per chance install gnome-main-menu  at some point? It was known as "the slab" and depends on libslab.


Add repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa

 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa

Then install wine1.6

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine1.6

ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa has wine1.6


Gnome does not ask me for my password at startup

If the GUI doesn't work, use a terminal ;)

Change the configuration file /etc/gdm/custom.conf:

sudo sed -i 's/^.*AutomaticLogin/# AutomaticLogin/' /etc/gdm/custom.conf


libreoffice --headless --convert-to csv --outdir somedir *.xls appears to work.

--headless stops Libreoffice from opening a window, so it just converts your files and then exits.

:writer_csv_Export after csv appears to be unnecessary.

It might also be a problem that /Data/ means a directory called Data at the filesystem root, not in your home directory. Just omit --outdir DIR and you'll get the output in the current directory.

Note:

Close your xls/xlsx file before you run this command. If file is opened this command does not work.


Stream Audio on the lan to output on Wifi enabled speakers

There are probably a few options. Two big ones I can think of.

1. DLNA

First the simple option. If the goal is just to play music from the network just setup a DLNA Server (install mediatomb) on your server and buy a player that can stream from a DLNA server. Almost any network media player you can buy from the local hifi shop.

2. Raspberry PI with PulseAudio

Now, if you're after something a bit more advanced. A project I've wanted to try is to get a raspberry pi (~$40 inc. case) and setup raspbian with pulse audio install on it. Plug the RPi into your amp or speakers and use pulseaudio's built in network support to stream the audio over the network.

A walkthrough that someone else has done that I will probably try out:

http://rootprompt.apatsch.net/2013/02/20/raspberry-pi-network-audio-player-pulseaudio-dlna-and-bluetooth-a2dp-part-1-pulseaudio/

Bear in mind the raspberry pi's audio isn't meant to be that good when using the analog output (3.5mm jack) but it's great if you use the HDMI output or usb sound.


Dual boot w/ Windows 10 Technical Prebuild

Just boot into Ubuntu, open Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and run the commands:

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

I suppose Windows AND Ubuntu are installed in your "first HD", but you have more than one make sure in which one the SOs are installed in (for example, if they are installed in 'HD 2', use /dev/sdb. Please note the difference between HD and partition).

Then run sudo update-grub
.


When I open php in gnome-terminal -e, I get just empty terminal window

This should work for you:

gnome-terminal -e "/bin/bash -c 'php \var\scripts\script.php; exec /bin/bash -i'"

It is possible that you will need to replace "php" with full path to program, but it should work without that.
You can also use "--tab" argument to open new instances in tabs instead of windows:

gnome-terminal --tab -e "/bin/bash -c 'php \var\scripts\script.php; exec /bin/bash -i'"

Edit: this assumes that usage of backslash is not an typo, otherwise it would be like this:

gnome-terminal --tab -e "/bin/bash -c 'php /var/scripts/script.php; exec /bin/bash -i'"


In screensaver preferences, check "Lock screen when screensaver is active".


How can I merge 2 partition with data in one of them?

The easiest way to merge the two partitions is as follows:

Boot the system via a Live USB;
Load up Gparted
Check whether the said partition /dev/sdb6 (with 200 GiB capacity) is listed as free, unallocated space; if not, delete it. It will show as unallocated space.
Unmount partition /dev/sdb5, if mounted.
Resize partition /dev/sdb5 to the capacity you want.

Wait until completed. It should work.


Linux add a user using command line tools

However, using the command line to do this task doesn't explain why you can't use the GUI. Stupid question here, but have you clicked on the "unlock" icon at the upper right of the users GUI to bring up the "authenticate" window? (I've had my own share of Doh moments!)

You might backup your user data as well as that of the other users before you do anything else. You should already have done this before you did the distribution upgrade anyway.


pip3 is unable to create virtual environment on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS on Windows 10 because ensurepip is not available

I'd suggest to add the deadsnake-ppa and install

sudo apt install python3.8-venv


Tried following PPA and it works for me ( thanks to Martin Salbaba ),
Upgrade to libimobiledevice and relative packages to newer version:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:martin-salbaba/ppa+libimobiledevice
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install libimobiledevice-utils ifuse

Steps to pair:

Connected your iOS 10 device to your computer:

idevicepair pair

Select "Trust" to the Warning "Trust This Computer?" on your device:

idevicepair pair

Mount the iOS filesystem

ifuse Directory_to_mount_iDevice/

Above tested on iPhone 6s with iOS 10.1.1

And:
unmount properly:

fusemount -u Directory_to_mount_iDevice/

Reference:

How can I mount my iPhone 6s on Ubuntu 16.04?


Maybe the simplest resolution you seek isn't so much Ubuntu related as it is Firefox related . You want to import your bookmarks from Seaborn to Firefox I presume.
Here's a suggested response on a link I found that seems to have worked in that case -

  If you have a SeaMonkey version that uses places.sqlite then you can
  copy this file from the SeaMonkey profile folder to the Firefox
  profile folder.

  http://kb.mozillazine.org/Transferring_data_to_a_new_profile_-_Firefox
  http://kb.mozillazine.org/Transferring_data_to_a_new_profile_-_SeaMonkey

Source - https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/963390

Let me know if it works.


How to update Ubuntu on a dual boot system without internet connection?

Download the ubuntu 12.04 from the Ubuntu web site.
Create a bootable USB.
boot from the USB.
Choose "upgrade Ubuntu 10.04 to 12.04" in the selection menu as shown in The answer you've linked.

Please comment if you need more instructions and if you have any questions, Good luck!


How to take a screenshot of a whole desktop with app menu selection?

Applications > Accessories > Take Screenshot > Grab the whole desktop > Grab after a delay of : 5 seconds (say)

Do your Applications menu selection. Wait.


apt-get relocation error after upgrade to 16.04

Try forcing the installation of libstdc++6 by using:

dpkg -i --force-downgrade --force-depends libstdc++6...

If they don't work, you can also try --force-all.


Download and install HPLIP directly from the HP OPEN SOURCE website. http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/downloads.html

Click on DOWNLOAD HPLIP. Find the downloaded file and right click on it and select PERMISSIONS. Select MAKE EXECUTABLE. Click OK.

Right click on the file again and select OPEN then EXECUTE. Follow the instuctions.

*Reason it works is mainly because it detects and installs dependencies that the apt-get or software center version won't.


how to get back windows 8 after 12.10 installation

I do not think you deleted your Windows partition.  However I predict you don't have your GRUB menu set up correctly.  First to verify that you havn't deleted your Windows partition type:
sudo fdisk -l
look for one that has NTFS as the file system type this is most likely your windows partition:

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/hdb1   *           1        2432    19535008+  86  NTFS
/dev/hdb2            2433        2554      979965   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/hdb3            2555        6202    29302560   83  Linux

In this example it is /dev/hdb1

Once you verify that it is still existent(hopefully it is) you will need add it to your grub menu.  I recommend you check out this link:

http://technologytales.com/2010/11/21/manually-adding-an-entry-for-windows-7-to-an-ubuntu-grub2-menu/

Because it varies slightly depending your windows partition name also check out the first entry in this:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1817827

If in fact you did delete your windows partition I recommend you call and get another CD from the manufacturer.  They will usually send them to you for free since the windows CD key should be on a sticker on your computer.


E: Repository 'http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease' changed its 'Suite' value from 'bionic-updates' to 'bionic-security'

If you don't answer Y to the question you never will get apt-get (or apt) working.

It seems reasonable that a security repository sets its 'Suite' value to 'bionic-security'. Why it was bionic-updates I can't tell, but it probably was an error.

As for apt-get contra apt, apt was introduced in Ubuntu 16.04 as a new interface to the package system - se here: https://itsfoss.com/apt-vs-apt-get-difference/


Is there any supported external sound card with working microphone input?

I've got a Soundblaster X-Fi HD USB card, which works mostly under Pulseaudio. The mic however works only through ALSA, you can select "USB Audio hw:0,1" as source in Audacity (if you set ALSA as your driver). Signal is quite low, I had to use a mic preamp. Try that on your X-Fi Surround?


There is a beta addon called tabcandy which may be what you want:


Does a BitTorrent transmission continue when a laptop suspends?

If you suspend, the download pauses until you un-suspend. However, you can still lock the screen and leave the computer running. Press Ctrl + Alt + L all at the same time.


Does a software gets installed every time I run its binary file?

Basically when you install a .deb or .rpm file, it gets installed to the system. It is recognized as a software (which uses different SDKs). But the binary files are independently run, which don't need system integration and recognition. Installing .deb, .rpm files are analogous to running setups (on Windows), and bin files are like executing a script(.exe on Windows).

Generally big softwares like vscode, text editor, etc are .deb, .rpm packages.
Whereas small utilities like the ones show system information, etc are binary files.

Note: this has covered the general case. Some big softwares are also supplied as binaries and some small software might be .rpm or .deb packages.


Will the data from my persistent Live-USB automatically transfer when I install?

No, they will not; it appears you are using a Live-USB with the persistent storage option, which creates a separate file to hold all your user data and installed packages, etc. You will have to copy data manually after the install and reinstall any additional packages.


The answer to your question is highly system-specific. You'll need to contact your computer's manufacturer or read model-specific documentation to learn how to enter your firmware's setup utility.

That said, some boot loaders and boot managers offer solutions to at least some of the specific problems you might be facing. For instance, my own rEFInd scans all available filesystems for boot loaders, so it may be able to redirect the boot process to bootable USB devices. (This isn't guaranteed, though; some computers do only minimal USB activation, so USB devices won't appear in rEFInd's menu.) Most EFI boot managers can also be configured to launch an EFI shell, which can give you a command-line interface to do some (but not all) of the things that a firmware's setup utility can do.


Executing root commands without root password within a shell script

Yes.

Some may recommend marking the script as setUID and owned by root.  I would discourage this.  Instead, put the user under whose ID the script will run into the sudoers group and configure sudo to allow that user to run the specifically required commands as root without requiring that user to enter a password.  This provides audibility and keeps things well controlled.

More information on sudo and its configuration can be found here.


Per Display fractional scaling in Gnome 3.26

Yes, It's possible to set this in gnome-control-center.

Screenshots:

external 4k-Monitor
built-in laptop-Display

both displays are set to 150% but it’s possible to adjust this per display


Can I run a shell script with different profile preferances of Terminal

Not by modifying your script, no. The script has no knowledge of the terminal, the terminal is just a graphical window that runs a shell. However, assuming you're using gnome-terminal, you can choose the profile on the commandline:

gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=PROFILENAME

So, if you profile's name is foo, you could write a wrapper script (script1.sh) that executes your script (script2.sh) in a window with that profile:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=foo -x script2.sh

Now, if you run script1, it will open a new terminal with the right profile and run script2 in it.


Gmail is showing "This version of Chrome is no longer supported"

You are running Ubuntu 14.04 as to be seen from the 'tag' in your question. This system is about three years old and the repositories provide the chromium-browser 53.0.2785.143 package. So, you should consider to install Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, it provides the chromium-browser 55.0.2883.87 package, which most probably will get updated for some longer time - at least until the next LTS edition gets released.


Ubuntu 14, how install nvidia driver without crash?

Open a terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) and :

Remove all old Nvidia & Nvidia related packages :

sudo apt-get purge libvdpau-va-gl1 bumblebee* nvidia*

Install nvidia driver :

Long term supported version :

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-346 nvidia-prime

or Latest version :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352 nvidia-prime

Refer to this guide for more information.


Bluetooth won't turn on after booting windows 10

I'm not sure about your hardware. Can you add this information in your post and als the output oif lsusb when everything is fine.
At this part I guess:
Maybe your dongle offers you bluetooth and wifi or bluetooth and mass storage devices. You can use udev, to load the correct driver. See my asubuntu thread here


Just copying over a .iso file to the external SSD wont work. Your external drive needs to be prepared for booting. By 'prepared' i mean, there are several things which happen behind the scenes to enable the drive to be used as a bootable device. First the contents are copied over to drive and then a bootloder is written to the MBR of the drive. We need not do all these things manually. There are several tools available to accomplish this task. For ex: Unetbootin or pendrive linux.

Before using these tools, just ensure to backup the data of your SDD as it might get erased.


You have to delete the deny rule as the deny rule will trump the allow rule.

Because the deny is still in place, allow will not work.


When i try to install curl, I write sudo apt install curl, the process gets completed, but when I write curl, it shows that curl is not installed

Your curl isn't getting installed although the process is getting completed (look at the last 3 lines). The error code 403 as rightly pointed out in the comments, and thus either the server is down for maintenance or you're trying to access internet through a proxy that is not allowing you to do so.
This is why it's showing curl not not found!


How to run script after resuming from sleep?

Run Script when Resuming from Suspend
Create a new file /lib/systemd/system-sleep/resume and copy in:
#!/bin/sh

case $1/$2 in
  pre/*)
    echo "Going to $2..."
    # Place your pre suspend commands here, or `exit 0`
    # if no pre suspend action required
    exit 0
    ;;
  post/*)
    echo "Waking up from $2..."
    # Place your post suspend (resume) commands here, or `exit 0`
    # if no post suspend action required
    mouse_script.sh
    ;;
esac

NOTE: replace user mouse_script.sh (third line from the bottom) with your script name. Provide the full path name if the script is not in your path (echo $PATH).
Then mark it executable with the command:
sudo chmod +x /lib/systemd/system-sleep/resume


Resolution HD 1920x1280 with Intel graphics in ubuntu 12.04 LTS

I was not able to apply fully the answer, but I have partially succeeded by making a batch file named davka1080.sh and placed at the desktop. It's content is derived from previous attempts, namely

#! /bin/sh

cvt 1920 1080 60
xrandr --newmode  "1920x1080_60.00"  173.00  1920 2048 2248 2576  1080 1083 1088 1120 -hsync +vsync
xrandr --addmode VGA1 "1920x1080_60.00"

I have found its form at these pages, too, and in my /etc/init.d/README.
The batch works by clicking its icon and 'Run'. Finally I have placed it as a start-up application for both users according to the How to run commands at login on ubuntu 12.04?   and it works: the resolution is now really 1920x1080; I "only" need to close a remaining warning that the system could not apply the stored configuration for monitors. And it seems to me, according a known Video in VLC, that there is not a color depth 32 bit – full color. I shall ask another question about setting it

I hope that such an old hardware is usable with Ubuntu, also for precise showing photos taken at HD size and for watching (standard) TV and records as I am used to.


New bluetooth headphones only playing in mono

This is an answer just to provide an update as of 2021 on the status of this issue.
That is,
There is so far, no solution!
A workaround might be provided by ofono, YMMV.
Related:

Bluetooth profile locked to A2DP (high-quality audio sink) but cannot change to HFP/HSP (low-quality bidirectional headset)
https://superuser.com/questions/1588750/mono-mic-instead-of-stereo-sound-for-bluetooth-headphones-on-ubuntu
https://discourse.ubuntubudgie.org/t/bluetooth-headset-cant-set-output-as-a2dp-sink-while-using-the-mic-as-input-device/3944


$HOSTNAME returns empty in rc.local script

According to this answer the problem you're facing is a sudo security policy

try executing your script with the -E flag: sudo -E startup_mail.sh

If that does not work try running with the env argument: sudo -E env "HOSTNAME=$HOSTNAME" ./startup_mail.sh


Can I use symbolic links in an EFI boot partition?

You can get VirtualBox's "NVRAM" variables to "stick" by using the VirtualBox EFI's user interface to manipulate the variables. In brief:

"Power on" the virtual machine.
Almost immediately, before GRUB appears, hit the space bar. You should see the VirtualBox EFI text-mode menu appear, with menu items called Continue, Select Language, Boot Manager, Device Manager, and Boot Maintenance Manager.
Select "Boot Maintenance Manager." A new menu should appear.
Select "Boot Options."
Select "Add Boot Option." A "file explorer" menu appears, which shows your virtual disks, identified by long strings of hexadecimal numbers and other stuff that looks like gibberish to most people.
Using the file explorer, you should be able to drill down to locate the EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi file on the virtual disk. Select it. You'll now see a menu called "Modify Boot Option Description."
Highlight the "Input the description" line and hit the Enter key.
You must now enter a description for the boot entry. Ubuntu calls it ubuntu by default, but you can call it something else, if you like.
Back on the "Modify Boot Option Description" screen, select "Commit Changes and Exit." This brings you back to the "Boot Maintenance Manager" screen.
Select "Boot Options" again.
Select "Change Boot Order." You should see the boot order, with your new entry at the bottom.
Press the Enter key to edit the boot order.
Highlight your new entry and then hit the "+" key as many times as necessary to bring it to the top of the list.
Press the Enter key. The edit dialog should disappear and you should see the new order on the "Change Boot Order" screen.
Select "Commit Changes and Exit." This should bring you back to the "Boot Options" screen.
Press the Esc key to return to the main "Boot Maintenance Manager" page.
Select "Reset System." The virtual machine should reboot into GRUB.

The ubuntu entry (or whatever you call it) should now persist between reboots and even "power-off/power-on" sequences. Personally, I find this procedure too awkward and annoying to use on a regular basis; I just rename the boot loader files as you say you've already done. (With one variant: I almost always use my own rEFInd, not GRUB; but the principle's the same either way.)


Ubuntu in Virtual Box takes about 60 seconds to get to log in screen

The message is OK. But poor performance can be fixed.

Shutdown the machine and check "Use Host I/O cache" under

Storage -> Controller: SATA settings

This question is really unrelated to Ubuntu. This is a wrong VB default setting.


I know its late, but since this question comes up on google, I will explain how I can use my Geforce GT 635M with crossover:

1) Find out how the windows program is launched;
check /home//desktop/Some App.desktop for the Exec Line

2a) prepend primusrun (or optirun)

OR

2b) the Exec line tells to execute a script somewhere in .cxoffice/.../.lnk; edit that script and prepend primusrun (or optirun) to the command in the script


My solution was to change tools, xdotool works fine. This seems because GTK3 has switched to X Input 2.0 which xvkbd does not support.

My new key bindings are:

xdotool key "Return"
xdotool key "Control_L+u"

Which replace:

xvkbd -xsendevent -text "\r"
xvkbd -xsendevent -text "\Cu"


nouveau driver logs into unity-2d by default

This all correct. Your card is based on the Nvidia NV20 chipset which has no 3D support using the Nouveau drivers.

Most of it is WIP and not totally working or so patchy that cannot be considered able to run Unity3D.

For full support of your graphics card you need to install the Nvidia 96.43 drivers (those are the most recent ones your card supports). If you haven't installed any drivers in you system until now just open a terminal and use the following commands

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install nvidia-96

Reboot and you should be using the Nvidia driver you just installed. To make sure run sudo lshw -C display and look for the driver in use at the configuration: driver= line.


My favorite tool is Conky which I part to the right side of one of my monitors:

My code only has 8 CPU's and you would have to modify it for 16 CPUs:

#------------+
# i7-6700 CPU|
#------------+
${color2}${voffset 5}Intel® i-7 6700HQ 3.5 GHz: ${color1}@  ${color green}${freq} MHz
${color}${goto 13}CPU 0 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu1}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu1 18}
${color}${goto 13}CPU 1 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu2}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu2 18}
${color}${goto 13}CPU 2 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu3}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu3 18}
${color}${goto 13}CPU 3 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu4}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu4 18}
${color}${goto 13}CPU 4 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu5}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu5 18}
${color}${goto 13}CPU 5 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu6}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu6 18}
${color}${goto 13}CPU 6 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu7}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu7 18}
${color}${goto 13}CPU 7 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu8}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu8 18}
${color1}All CPU ${color green}${cpu}% ${goto 131}${color1}Temp: ${color green}${hwmon 1 temp 1}°C ${goto 250}${color1}Up: ${color green}$uptime
${color green}$running_processes ${color1}running of ${color green}$processes ${color1}loaded processes.
${color}Load Avg. 1-5-15 minutes: ${alignr}${color green}${execpi .001 (awk '{printf "%s/", $1}' /proc/loadavg; grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo;) | bc -l | cut -c1-4} ${execpi .001 (awk '{printf "%s/", $2}' /proc/loadavg; grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo;) | bc -l | cut -c1-4} ${execpi .001 (awk '{printf "%s/", $3}' /proc/loadavg; grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo;) | bc -l | cut -c1-4}

You can literally find thousands of examples and solutions on Ubuntu Forums for Conky.


As per the comments that were left

It is not compatible with the Unity Interface, as such it reverts to the normal GNOME2 desktop.


System monitor indicator does not start after latest update of Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

reinstalling the app did not help. However I sent a bug report to the PPA and they responded by saying i was missing the following package from the install;  gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1

so i installed it apt-get install gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1 , restarted Ubuntu, and everything seems to be working fine now.

thanks for help


Raid Array Corrupted. Please help me recover my life's worth of files

at the (initramfs) prompt it is actually performing a resync, even though it appears as nothing is happening. You can check the progress by running:

cat /proc/mdstat

After about 4 hours it completed. It turned out to be hard drive which linux was installed on. I set up the OS again on a new HD, and now it is fine.
Thanks guys!


I'd like to increase the size of the Ubuntu partition

You can only extend your root Ubuntu partition to the left from a USB/CD boot, as the file system being moved can't be mounted at the time.  You can use the USB/CD you used to install Linux.  Back up critical data (documents,...) just in case.  (You indicated in your post you could use Windows to shrink its own partition.  Just as a note - it's best to shrink this partition from Windows, rather than GParted)

Once in the Ubuntu live setup, start GParted.  Delete the swap partition (note its size).  Then extend your root Ubunto partion to the left (click on the border line, and drag it over).  Apply the change. This could take a long time, as it has to copy the data.  Then recreate your swap partition.   Apply the change.  Done.


vboxdrv.sh: failed: modprobe vboxdrv failed. Please use 'dmesg' to find out why

VirtualBox + Secure Boot + Ubuntu = fail

  The problem is the requirement that all kernel modules must be signed
  by a key trusted by the UEFI system, otherwise loading will fail.
  Ubuntu does not sign the third party vbox* kernel modules, but rather
  gives the user the option to disable Secure Boot upon installation of
  the virtualbox package. I could do that, but then I would see an
  annoying “Booting in insecure mode” message every time the machine
  starts, and also the dual boot Windows 10 installation I have would
  not function.

  Ubuntu 16.04 on a Dell Latitude E7440 with BIOS A18, and with a dual boot Windows 10 installation.

  Credit goes to the primary source of information I used to resolve
  this problem, which applies specifically to Fedora/Redhat:
  http://gorka.eguileor.com/vbox-vmware-in-secureboot-linux-2016-update/

  And a relevant Ask Ubuntu question:
  Could not load 'vboxdrv' after upgrade to Ubuntu 16.04 (and I want to keep secure boot)

  Steps to make it work, specifically for Ubuntu/Debian

  Install the virtualbox package. If the installation detects that Secure Boot is enabled, you will be presented with the issue at hand
  and given the option to disable Secure Boot. Choose “No”.
  Create a personal public/private RSA key pair which will be used to sign kernel modules. I chose to use the root account and the directory
  /root/module-signing/ to store all things related to signing kernel
  modules.

$ sudo -i
# mkdir /root/module-signing
# cd /root/module-signing
# openssl req -new -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout MOK.priv -outform DER -out MOK.der -nodes -days 36500 -subj "/CN=YOUR_NAME/"
[...]
# chmod 600 MOK.priv

  Use the MOK (“Machine Owner Key”) utility to import the public key so that it can be trusted by the system. This is a two step process
  where the key is first imported, and then later must be enrolled when
  the machine is booted the next time. A simple password is good enough,
  as it is only for temporary use.

# mokutil --import /root/module-signing/MOK.der
input password:
input password again:

  Reboot the machine. When the bootloader starts, the MOK manager EFI utility should automatically start. It will ask for parts of the
  password supplied in step 3. Choose to “Enroll MOK”, then you should
  see the key imported in step 3. Complete the enrollment steps, then
  continue with the boot. The Linux kernel will log the keys that are
  loaded, and you should be able to see your own key with the command:
  dmesg|grep 'EFI: Loaded cert'
  Using a signing utility shippped with the kernel build files, sign all the VirtualBox modules using the private MOK key generated in step 2.
  I put this in a small script /root/module-signing/sign-vbox-modules, so it can be easily run when new kernels are installed as part of regular updates:

#!/bin/bash

for modfile in $(dirname $(modinfo -n vboxdrv))/*.ko; do
  echo "Signing $modfile"
  /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/scripts/sign-file sha256 \
                                /root/module-signing/MOK.priv \
                                /root/module-signing/MOK.der "$modfile"
done

  And then:

# chmod 700 /root/module-signing/sign-vbox-modules

  Run the script from step 5 as root. You will need to run the signing script every time a new kernel update is installed, since this
  will cause a rebuild of the third party VirtualBox modules. Use the
  script only after the new kernel has been booted, since it relies on
  modinfo -n and uname -r to tell which kernel version to sign for.
  Load vboxdrv module and fire up VirtualBox:

# modprobe vboxdrv

  The procedure can also be used to sign other third party kernel
  modules, like the nvidia graphics drivers, if so is required. (I have
  not tested that myself.)

Note: The above answer was wholly sourced from Øyvind Stegard's blog post, VirtualBox + Secure Boot + Ubuntu = fail.


It has been widely reported that none of the proprietary nVidia drivers work with Wayland yet. So you have the choice of running 17,10 on Xorg or, if you want to use Wayland, purging all of your nVidia drivers and relying on the kernel Nouveau driver for  your nVidia GPU


Is there a way to use an NTFS drive that contains my games and is also external to my installation of steam installed viawinetricks?

That is perfectly workable and is in fact what I do for my Steam on Wine. The SteamApps folder is shared with the one for Steam on Windows. You can either create a symbolic link (which is how I first used it) or add it properly as a second library folder (which is how I use it now). I haven't had any problems with it. Games installed in Wine show up fine in Windows and vice versa, but you might have to go through the installing/preparing stage once again to get prerequisites.


Is there qt5-widget-factory just like gtk3-widget-factory?

I ask the same question in Qt Forum. The experts recommend the "Qt Widgets Examples". It is the best choice for now.
https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/examples-widgets.html


update manager unable to detect internet

Unless I'm mistaken, 12.04 No longer receives updates as it's status is End Of Life (EOL). You could upgrade to 14.04 (the next LTS) if you want to keep your machine up to date.

This can be done with the command update-manager -d. Or if that fails to work, follow the instructions here: Can not upgrade from 12.04 using update manager


Does Ubuntu already support Intel Speed Shift?

Internal to the kernel the marketing name "Speed Shift" is known as HWP, Hardware P-States. HWP functionality will be in the very soon to be released Ubuntu 16.04. I do not know that status of any backports of recent HWP related changes to Ubuntu 15.10.


Thanks to @OrganicMarble's comment, I know that I should install the package libimlib2 instead of libimlib2-dev.

I checked the path of installed files by running dpkg-query -L libimlib2, and I found the library libimlib2.so.1 missing.

As a result, I removed the irrelevant libimlib2-dev, and reinstalled (i.e. remove and install) libimlib2 and conky-all from Ubuntu's official packages.

To check whether the setup is correct, I've run the same dpkg-query again: the file /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libImlib2.so.1 appears at the bottom of the list.  It serves as a "symbolic link to libImlib2.so.1.4.10".

Now, Conky can be launched on Xubuntu 18.04.

P.S. The above picture shows Conky 1.10.8 installed from Ubuntu's apt package manager.  I installed Xubuntu 18.04 alongside with M$ Win* 10 late June, which was four months later than the compilation date of my copy of Conky 1.10.8.

$ conky -v
conky 1.10.8 compiled Wed Feb 28 17:11:42 UTC 2018 for Linux 4.4.0-101-generic x
86_64
...


14.04 No Wi fi & Ethernet after Lighting

As you suggested, it seems like hardware failure.

You can connect to the WIFI network using USB-Wifi dongle.


Right click on a Abiword file and select preferences in the menu. Select Abiword in the field where it says it will open the file with this application. This should fix all Abiword files so that they open in Abiword with a double left-click.


You want to do a kickstart or debian-installer preseed:

https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/installation-guide/i386/automatic-install.html


How to merge subtitles with video using mkvmerge with special characters?

1 - Save .srt subtitle with UTF-8 encoding:

This is step is useful to play your movie on some smartv's or DVDs.

Open subtitle with gedit> save file as... > choose UTF-8 character encoding.

2 - Discover the abreviation of your language on mkvmerge:

mkvmerge --list-languages

In my case, pt.

3 - Hardcode the subtitle

mkvmerge -o output.mkv video.mp4 subtitles.srt --chapter-language  pt


Live CDs work with RAM memory so it is normal that they do not save your setting. It is forgotten once your computer shuts down.

Why not using command line for what you have to do ? For this, type Ctrl + Alt + F1 to open a command line session and do your work with it. I know that it is definitely not user friendly at all but it may be a solution.


can't even get started, really frustrated

First question: It is not needed, however you can use a sha5 or md5 hash finder (or something like that) and see if it matches with the hash of the iso. If it doesn't, then you have a corrupted/not working ISO. Download another one.

Second question: Don't burn a bootable USB! Use tools like Pendrive's Universal USB Installer to install it to your USB. Also, you don't wanna copy the ISO to the USB and it's done.


Dual Boot Windows 10 and Lubuntu hard drive not showing up

I currently have this problem and figured out that the two drives that I cannot see are set up as dynamic for some reason. Im gonna have to format the drives and set back to basic through windows.


How do up upgrade LetsEncrypt certbot to version 0.22 which supports wildcard certificates?

If you have already installed Certbot, you should add a parameter to apt-get install to upgrade only a specific package

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade certbot

Check version number

certbot --version || /path/to/certbot-auto --version

  Reference answer:
  How to upgrade a single package using apt-get?


vmware app loader crashed while installing vmware-tools for windows guest

I had the same problem.
What I did was to simply run vmplayer as root to let it install kernel module :

sudo vmplayer

If you have problem compiling network module, here's what to do : http://communities.vmware.com/message/2182440#2182440


How to Change Cursor Theme, Speed and Size on Login Screen

While editing the file:

  /etc/gdm3/greeter.dconf-defaults

You may change the cursor theme, size and speed as follows:

# Theming options
# ===============
[org/gnome/desktop/interface]
cursor-theme='Bibata_Ice'
cursor-size=35
[org/gnome/desktop/peripherals/mouse]
speed=-0.8

Here, I'd used the Bibata_Ice theme, with size 35 and speed -0.8.

Good lucky!


I ran across this bug report that reflects the issue you are describing. However, the bug report indicates that, at the base level, the issue is with the kernel. So if you're not running the latest kernel, which you can check by running uname -r (I am on 18.04.05 using kernel 5.4.0-58-generic), you may want to attempt upgrading:
sudo apt update
sudo apt dist-upgrade

if that does not solve the issue you may want to uninstall/reinstall snap:
Find installed snaps: snap list
Remove installed snaps: sudo snap remove <packages-from-snap-list>
Remove snapd: sudo apt purge snapd
Remove snap directory from home: rm -rf ~/snap
If you receive an error removing snapd then do the following:
sudo rm -rf /var/cache/snapd
sudo apt purge snapd


Not sure if this is related, but i enabled a settings "Only enable on windows operating systems" on the GPU in BIOS.
If I disabled that setting in BIOS ubuntu 20.02 crashes right after startup.


How to map the Alien Command Center Buttons in the Alienware 17?

In my opinion a good way will be to use Ubuntu first without changing anything in your current configuration.

To do so you can use Bootable Ubuntu pen drive or can just use a DVD and boot your system using it and then click Try Ubuntu. If you are satisfied with your experience then you can go on to installation.


I get this error when I try to load the Maps extension. How can I fix it?

To resolve an error like this, you'd need to update the dependencies of the

"composer.lock" file. So, run composer update, and reboot Ubuntu. It should fix the issue.


KOrganizer (KDE) listing on Ubuntu Software listing

According to comments KOrganizer is in the universe repository and can be installed like any other software.

Make sure you have the aforementioned repository enabled. It can be checked in System Settings > Software Properties. Enable it if not already.

Then, in Terminal,

sudo apt install korganizer


Create and append key value pairs to a file of JSON objects with a regex of each JSON object value

For non-nested objects such as this, you could consider using Miller
$ mlr --json put -S '
    @x = splitnv(substr($Name,1,-1),"-"); $f_nams = @x[1]; $age = @x[2]; $title = @x[3]; $l_name = @x[4]
  ' then reorder -e -f job file.json
{ "Name": "%Hana-29-Mrs-Smith", "f_nams": "Hana", "age": 29, "title": "Mrs", "l_name": "Smith", "job": "engineer" }
{ "Name": "%Mike-31-Mr-Larry", "f_nams": "Mike", "age": 31, "title": "Mr", "l_name": "Larry", "job": "marketing" }
{ "Name": "%Jhon-40-Mr-Doe", "f_nams": "Jhon", "age": 40, "title": "Mr", "l_name": "Doe", "job": "engineer" }


I believe this question was already answered here or here, but like everything Linux there are a number of ways to do what you're asking.

I hope that helps.


Error : Could not display "obex://" when paired with a Nokia 3110c

I have solved the problem, or rather say found the reason behind the problem.

The main reason behind this problem was battery level,

(Guess) if the battery level reaches below some point, the device doesn't recognize or process the request sent by the machine and can not send proper reply to machine. That can be the reason why we can not access the file system.

We have also tried one samsung phone, and a sony Erickson phone with low battery (in each case more than 60% battery is drained) and got same result.


GRUB menu when dual-boot with wubi "you need to lead the kernel first" nothing has worked so far

WUBI is depreciated. Here's the way to do it:

Download Ubuntu's ISO file at https://ubuntu.com/download .

Next, check for download errors by https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-how-to-verify-ubuntu#0 .

Make a LiveUSB on a Windows PC https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#0 .

Once you make a LiveUSB, install it following these steps https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-install-ubuntu-desktop#0


Different methods to install Bitdefender Antivirus Scanner for Unices

I would advise you to use the first one, the repo method. That repo is maintained by bitdefender, it is easier and you will be notified if newer versions are available.

But I also advise you to check how old are the bitdefender packages in that repo. More than 3 year old versions doesn't look good. (Most likely the virus definitions are fresh though.) Looks like Bitdefender is not really into this business on Linux.

My personal advice is that if you need a virus scanner for linux, use ClamAV or ClamTk.


Sound not forwarding properly to Bluetooth speakers

I only know enough to be dangerous, but maybe this will give you some places to read more information. I also have 20.04 and I also have had audio issues (different than yours). I found that

sudo alsa force-reload

gave me temporary relief, but purging and reinstalling alsa-base and pulseaudio may have made my situation worse. So if you decide to try that, be aware that the reinstall may not have all of the same packages as the legacy install (is that possible, I can't look back and verify?)


Unable To Run Nightrain On Ubuntu 64bit 14.04LTS Please Help

The library libGL.so.1 is part of the packages below, listed by the command apt-file search --regex libGL\.so\.1$ | awk -F: '{print $1}'.

fglrx
fglrx-updates
libgl1-mesa-glx
nvidia-304
nvidia-304-updates
nvidia-340
nvidia-340-updates
nvidia-346
nvidia-346-updates
primus-libs

Therefore, if you have an AMD GPU:

sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-updates

for an NVidia, better look here...


'Photo editor' and 'RAW editor' in Shotwell

You are correct about RAW files being unprocessed shots.  In fact, they're so unprocessed that the files are not even JPEG files.  Thus RAWs are typically converted to JPEG.  For this, you would typically use a RAW Editor.  A RAW editor usually does things like handle tint, exposure, things like that, which can be best tweaked before it converts to JPEG.  This is the basic task of a RAW editor, such as UFRaw or Rawstudio.  They give you control over the way the data from your camera's sensor becomes that JPEG file.

An external photo editor on the other hand would be a program typically for editing regular JPEG files, and usually offers a lot more things you can do to the photograph, such as airbrushing etc.

So why are some types of things expected to be done to RAW files while others are reserved for JPEG?  Well, I don't have a good reason, except that's the way it's always been done.  Programmatically, the task of converting to JPEG is quite different from the task of editing the contents of the image, even though an average person such as yourself would see the two tasks as essentially the same.  Personally, I would love to see a program that let you edit RAW files as if you were editing a JPEG, and allow you when finished to save the finished product as a JPEG.


How to share Guest's internet with host on Virtualbox?

There is a great answer at this post to create a host only connection for your Virtualbox that can be seen by Ubuntu to be used for connecting into your VM for network connection sharing.

In VirtualBox, how do I set up host-only virtual machines that can access the Internet?

Before you follow those directions you need to create the virtual connection.  Copy and paste the following in a terminal window to create it:

vboxmanage hostonlyif create

Also, follow these instructions here after you have created the host only connection and have it configured to setup Internet Connection Sharing in your Windows VM so that you can share your connection.

http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/using-internet-connection-sharing#1TC=windows-7


Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit is showing only 3.2 gib ram

Enabling "Memory Remap Feature" in BIOS can fix this problem.
After enabling this my 3.2 Gib RAM issue is fixed.

Press F2 key during computer start for BIOS setting.(key maybe different, depends on motherboard)

BIOS -> ADVANCED SETTING -> MEMORY REMAP FEATURE.

Click on image links for detail.

Now OS is displaying 3.9 Gib

BIOS MEMORY REMAP FEATURE


Only starting in command mode after I tried installing nvidia drivers

When this happened to me, I went into recovery and then failsafe graphics (your gfx is turned off) and then you uninstall the drivers. this should revert to how things were. =)


Ballsed up with ccsm, can't see unity any more

Settings in CCSM are user-specific. This means you can delte them by deletiong some files in home folder, but I do not know what.
What I can say is: As a last resort, get to console (Ctrl Alt F1) and create a new user (adduser unitybreaker or smth.). Then relogin as that user.


How do I decrypt BitLocker-encrypted external hard drive on Ubuntu 14.04?

Have you tried dislocker? Looks promising: http://www.hsc.fr/ressources/outils/dislocker/download/


Multi boot EFI and MBR/BIOS pendrive, one grub.cfg file

I don't understand what you actually did different and where your problem is, but may be we can figure it out.

Did you know that you can not only chainload other bootloaders like Windowx or OS X but other grub.cfg files?

search.fs_uuid 7bd6ae5a-b02b-4acf-b5f5-0d7c6b435d5b root hd0,gpt2
set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg

This code looks for the root filesystem with the specified UUID on the first hdd in the second partition. It sets a variable named prefix and finally boots grub.cfg from /boot/grub of the root filesystem. You may find this code in every FAT32 EFI system partition on Ubuntu. (The Fedora setup is ab bit different and stores kernels on the ESP and has a symlink of grub.cfg in /etc that links to the ESP IIRC, the Ubuntu configuration is as close to a symbolic link as possible in my opinion.) By default every grub EFI loader runs such a grub.cfg when no configuration is included into the the binary itself. (Yep, you may find a configuration file tacked to the end of the binary and some certificates if the binary is singed when you view the file in a hex editor.) So just modify this code to your needs that it loads the grub.cfg you want and place it on your ESP next to your bootx64.efi and bootia32.efi files. Package grub-efi-ia32-bin is available in Ubuntu 16.04 so you should be able to also install a 32-bit EFI loader. The only thing left is to configure the MBR loader.

Is it still possible to install Ubuntu to an external harddrive with UEFI? — This is where I explain what I do to configure an external drive with Ubuntu to boot on the most common platforms it mostly deals with the grub-install command.
How to create UEFI-only bootable USB live media? — This a bit more advanced and explains how to generate your own grub images for different architectures with a custom list of modules like loopback and basic grub.cfg menu entries to boot ISOs for example.

What do you need to get your puzzle pieces together the way you want?


Can I exclude files from Rhythmbox library by filetype?

Rhythmbox uses gstreamer to open files. So, if there is a plugin that supports this exotic file type, the problem might be solvable.

In 12.04,

sudo apt-get install libgstreamer-plugins-bad0.10-0

will install, among others, a plugin called WildMidi which allows gstreamer to play midi-files (mgu-files are a type of midi files). However, it's not guaranteed that WildMidi will be able to play those mgu-files. If they don't have to be mgu-files you might try to convert them to a midi-format that you and your friends can still use and which can also be read by rhythmbox.

I've found no option in Rhythmbox that could do what you're looking for. Maybe a different player does the job?

Otherwise, you might as well copy those files to a new folder and share this one with your friends too (I know this is not what you were looking for but mgu is an exotic file type and rhythmbox has no native support for file blacklisting).


You'll need to umount the RAID-array before you can run fsck on any of the devices that are part of it.

I really hope you have a backup, cause it looks like you're heading for a crash.
Trying to recover from a single disk failure increases the chance of other disks in the array to fail as well due to the fact that the load on them increases during the repair. (ref: http://www.zdnet.com/blog/storage/why-raid-5-stops-working-in-2009/162)


Internal floppy will not automatically mount

open disk manager and select floppy . in settings auto-mount is must checked

  (in my lang , auto-mount , first one in photo second


Installing Ubuntu with the Windows installer

If you used WUBI to install within Windows then Ubuntu is is used as a Program not as a true dual-boot. Please consult this guide which may help resolve your issue.


Installing Ubuntu to the external hard drive is the same process as installing it to an internal hard drive.  The same care must be taken, in that you need to ensure you have selected the correct drive partitions to install Ubuntu to.  If you have not already done so, I would strongly recommend using the Windows 7 partitioning tools to resize the existing partition on the external drive to make space for Ubuntu.  You can do this using the LiveCD, but NTFS support is not 100% foolproof in Linux so you may suffer data loss if you do it this way.

As for Grub, you really should install that to the external hard drive as well. When the computer boots, Grub will look for its files on the external hard drive. Without these files the system cannot boot.  If you leave the external hard drive connected every time you boot then that won't be a problem.  But having Grub on your external hard drive is preferred.  Just ensure that your computer looks to boot from USB before any internal hard drives.  Then, when you have your external drive connected Grub will be loaded first and will actually have a menu entry for Windows 7 if you want to boot from that.  In addition, you can use the Ubuntu on this hard drive when connected to any computer which boots from USB first.


Getting "Failure: Module initialization failed" error

Restart PulseAudio (killing the existing daemon if needed):
pulseaudio -k

Load the PulseAudio module that provides an ALSA sink for Bluetooth devices:
sudo pactl load-module module-alsa-sink device=bluetooth


No sound on MacbookPro after kernel update in Ubuntu 20.04

I had same issue. I solved this by using previous kernel version 5.4.0-47-generic. See How can I boot with an older kernel version? to change it.


Ubuntu 12.04 secondary IP externally inaccesible

I don't know much about OpenVZ, but after reading some documentation, the veth Net device sounds a bit more friendly as it has more features:

http://openvz.org/Differences_between_venet_and_veth

But don't quote me on any of this.

I checked the links by "Feature veth venet"

Original answer by Tasos


Secret key has missing trust [sic] in Thunderbird

From the command line:

gpg --edit-key 'Your key'

Then you should see something like that:

gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.4; Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Secret key is available.

sec  rsa4096/0xF759E5159BD8ADB0
     created: 2017-07-13  expires: never     usage: SC
     trust: never         validity: unknown
ssb  rsa4096/0x0FDF21CEA632F8D7
     created: 2017-07-13  expires: never     usage: E
[ unknown] (1). Name Surname <email@address.com>
gpg >

Then type:

trust

which shows:

Please decide how far you trust this user to correctly verify other users' keys
(by looking at passports, checking fingerprints from different sources, etc.)

  1 = I don't know or won't say
  2 = I do NOT trust
  3 = I trust marginally
  4 = I trust fully
  5 = I trust ultimately
  m = back to the main menu

Your decision?

This is your key, so choose option 5 and exit the program.


What version of syslog does Ubuntu 10.04.1 install default?

You can go to packages.ubuntu.com to determine what versions there are (original, and current).
Or you can check the manifest file of the desktop CD.
Ubuntu 10.04.1 installs rsyslog 4.2.0-2ubuntu8 by default.


Some error messages displayed when I start terminal (both as root and as normal user)

Remove spaces between = sign.
It should look like:

export PATH="$PATH:~/android-studio/bin"

not

export PATH = "$PATH:~/android-studio/bin"


How to adjust brightness vaio nr21s ubuntu 13.10?

I faced the same problem as you are facing. But NOW it is fixed..

TO fix this follow this steps..

Open terminal(Press Ctrl + Alt +T)
and Type

sudo cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.bak

press enter, and then type

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

You will find this line in the new opened window:

 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Change it to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"

Save and close the window and type this in the terminal:

sudo update-grub

Restart your system..


When I have 2 Ubuntu versions, Can I uninstall one of them?

As I know there is not a Bash command for this.

Do you know the tool gparted? It's a graphical tool to manage your disk space. Install it in this system, that you want to keep. It's available in Ubuntu-software-center.

With this tool you should be able to delete partition of the other system. Don't forget to start it as root.


Problem with readline library in Ubuntu 18.04

Remove libreadline7:i386 which is causing an unmet dependencies error. Uninstalling libreadline7:i386 will also solve the trying to overwrite error. Then install the Slack snap package which as a standalone package will not make any additional package management problems or require any additional dependency packages.

sudo apt --fix-broken install
sudo apt remove libreadline-dev:i386 libreadline7:i386

Slack is a native snap package in Ubuntu 18.10. To install Slack in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu open the terminal and type:

sudo snap install slack --classic

This command will install Slack 3.3.3, and it will also be updated automatically if an update is available.

To start Slack click on its icon in the Dash or run this command from the terminal:

snap run slack

Slack has a free version for small teams, or anyone who wants to try Slack for an unlimited period of time.


Can I change my Ubuntu Desktop into a different flavour (like Kubuntu)?

The main difference between main Ubuntu, Xubuntu, Kubuntu, and Lubuntu is the Desktop Environment. You can install one of these DEs onto your system with the following commands:

Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

Kubuntu:

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

Xubuntu:

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

Lubuntu:

sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop

Ubuntu GNOME:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop

From Ubuntu 17.10 GNOME became the default desktop environment/shell/manager.
So if you're running Ubuntu 17.10 forwards (including current 18.04), you can install the default desktop:

$ sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop

To remove any of these, run the command that you used to install but instead ofinstall say purge (i.e., sudo apt-get purge kubuntu-desktop). Then you also need to run this command to complete the remove:

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge

The autoremove command removes all the packages that were installed. The way these installs work is that there is one meta-package that just depends on every package that is required for that Desktop Environment. Thus the extra packages aren't removed when the meta package is, and you need to remove them with autoremove.

This will install the Desktop Environment and most programs for each of the flavors of Ubuntu, though sometimes there are programs that are not installed by this. An install switched by using these commands will not be the same as a clean install of the Ubuntu flavor, though it should be pretty close. There is also no limit as to having more then one of these Desktop Environments. I personally kept both ubuntu-desktop and ubuntu-gnome-desktop on my computer for a while just to compare.

I do not know about a changing to/from a Ubuntu Studio install, though I am pretty sure it isn't as easy as just changing the Desktop Environment.


Where is the reference to the currently used icon theme stored?

A reference to the current icon theme can be found in gconf-editor at:

desktop > gnome > interface > icon_theme

You can alternatively read directly ~/.gconf/desktop/gnome/interface$ cat %gconf.xml file.

Unfortunately, this does not provide a path to the relevant icon theme. I'll check how this setting relates to the path and i'll let you know ;-)


Can I download Unity as a separate session on Ubuntu 10.10 without breaking Compiz 0.8.6?

No is the simple answer - Unity in 11.10 utilises much of the Compiz rewritten code in 0.9.6.  Indeed, a large majority of Unity consists of a Compiz specific plugin for v0.9.6.  You will need to rewrite this to use Compiz 0.8.6.

It also has major dependencies upon the GTK+3 library set.


Steam browser doesn't work and games can't be installed

I managed to get the download started, browser is still not working but at least it installs the game.

Following procedure:

Install if you haven't so far, the Linux Steam Version and make sure it works.
open this file with your favorite text-editor: ~/.steam/steam/config/config.vdf
search for "CS" and copy the entire line
paste the line after the line starting with "cis" in file: ~/.wine/drive_c/Program Files (x86)/Steam/config/config.vdf

or wherever you installed steam and restart.


ubuntu support to backup plus 1TB external hard drive

Shortly, yes.

On the other side, it depends what file system you're using. If, by default, you instaleld your ubuntu with ext4 file system, then it supports up to 1 EiB and it should be alright.


Is ubuntu installed with wubi have some differnces from general one

My understanding is that it is a bit slower for IO.

What performance differences are there when installing with Wubi?

...but to the best of my knowledge, wubi won't work with anything after 12.04.

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2209033


I can't download the wine-mono the problem could be in the server

no mather in case someone might get unfortunate like me I download the msi installer and install it manually from

https://dl.winehq.org/wine/wine-mono/

and the wine gecko msi from

https://wiki.winehq.org/Gecko


Is Ubuntu's archive signing key available via HTTPS somewhere?

The keys are available in the ubuntu-keyring package. So, as with any Ubuntu package, you can download it from Launchpad, which does provide HTTPS (pick a suitable release and download the tarballs or deb files as needed).

As it happens, you can get GnuPG2 to import the keys over HKPS (HKP with SSL), so it's possible to --recv-keys securely, but the process is a bit annoying. To use HKPS, we need to:

tell dirmngr to use an HKPS keyserver
tell dirmngr where the CA Certificates are
get the keys via gpg2 instead of gpg - the apt-key command calls gpg, and gpg doesn't seem to support HKPS (at any rate, it tries to execute /usr/lib/gnupg/gpgkeys_hkp which fails with an unsupported protocol error)
export the key and import it with sudo apt-key add

HKPS and dirmngr

Ideally, we're supposed to use gpgconf to set configuration options for dirmngr and gpg2. But gpgconf doesn't understand one option we use, --hkp-cacert for dirmngr. So we might as well do it all manually.

First, let's create a symbolic link to /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt because dirmngr wants a PEM extension:

ln -s /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt ~/.ca-certs.pem

Edit ~/.gnupg/dirmngr.conf (create if necessary) and add these two options to it:

keyserver hkps://keyserver.ubuntu.com
hkp-cacert ~/.ca-certs.pem

Kill dirmngr if necessary:

pkill dirmngr

Import key with GnuPG2

With the dirmngr options set, this is simple:

$ gpg2 --verbose --recv-keys 0xBA6932366A755776
gpg: no running Dirmngr - starting '/usr/bin/dirmngr'
gpg: waiting for the dirmngr to come up ... (5s)
gpg: connection to the dirmngr established
gpg: data source: https://cassava.canonical.com:443
gpg: armor header: Version: SKS 1.1.6
gpg: armor header: Comment: Hostname: keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpg: pub  rsa4096/6A755776 2017-07-29  Launchpad PPA for deadsnakes
gpg: key 6A755776: "Launchpad PPA for deadsnakes" not changed
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:              unchanged: 1

Yay!

Add key to apt

Another simple step:

$ gpg2 --export 0xBA6932366A755776 | sudo apt-key add
OK

Optionally, we can now delete the added key from the user keyring, since it's unlikely to be needed again:

$ gpg2 --delete-keys 0xBA6932366A755776
gpg (GnuPG) 2.1.11; Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

pub  rsa4096/6A755776 2017-07-29 Launchpad PPA for deadsnakes

Delete this key from the keyring? (y/N) y

These steps are not difficult to automate.


Viewnior

I particularly like Viewnior. It's a very lightweight and fast image viewer - faster than any of the alternatives I've tried:

One more reason to choose Viewnior is that isn't affected by this image scaling bug that's prevalent in many other GTK-based image viewers (see here for other solutions to this bug).

Installation

Ubuntu 14.10 and up

As of Ubuntu 14.10 Viewnior is now part of the official Ubuntu repositories. You can install it from the Software Centre or by running the following command:

sudo apt-get install viewnior

Earlier Ubuntu releases

A third-party PPA for Viewnior is now available. Before proceeding with the installation please make sure to read the following Q&As on PPAs and their potential dangers:

What are PPAs and how do I use them?
Are PPA's safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?

If you are confident with adding a third-party PPA you can install Viewnior by using the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:desdelinux/viewnior
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install viewnior

Source: http://blog.desdelinux.net/instala-viewnior-en-ubuntu-12-04-13-10-14-04-ppa/

Alternatively you can compile Viewnior from source:

git clone https://github.com/xsisqox/Viewnior.git
cd Viewnior
./autogen.sh
./configure
make
sudo apt-get install checkinstall
sudo checkinstall

Instead of using checkinstall to generate a debian package and install it via the package manager you can just as well run make install. With this method you won't be able to manage your installation from the package manager, though.


How do I disable comment fetching in Liferea?

It's a bit strenuous if you have a lot of feeds, but when you select a feed (you have to do this for every single feed), click the Feed Menu, or right click to get the context menu, click Properties, and then select the Advanced Tab, and click the option to ignore comment lists.


unable to setup proxy system wide in kubuntu 18.04

can you precise the string format you use to setup proxy system wide
trough system settings -> network settings -> proxy

http://proxy_host:port
or
proxy_host:port

i open a bug against firefox and ask a similar question to ubuntu:

https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1582359
https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubuntu-docs/+question/684083

i suppose (it works for me) if you type
http://proxy_host:port
it works for firefox
(but not for evolution or pidgin)

IMHO it's wrong to say : FF has its own proxy settings and ignore system-wide settings
and in my case : chrome uses proxy settings and i can browse with both values :
http://proxy_host:port or proxy_host:port


Bash Syntax error while using 'source' command in Ubuntu 14.04

http://bioconductor.org/biocLite.R is an R file. The command you're using is a R command syntax... But you're currently in a Bash shell.

Run R for an R shell, then try it again.

From the install page:

  Install the latest release of R, then get the latest version of Bioconductor by starting R and entering the commands

source("http://bioconductor.org/biocLite.R")
biocLite()


How do I troubleshoot my computer not suspending automatically?

I would check for any USB devices such as mouses, keyboards, or WLAN adapters... or even a NIC card might be causing it not to sleep... what you could do is set your suspend to 5 mins or something, and eliminate each one, till it works... if it works then you know that device is the cause... if it doesn't work then maybe someone else might have an idea... I have never had this issue on Ubuntu, but I have had it on Windows.... and this is the method I use to troubleshoot it.


How do I remove the driver installed from nvidia.com?

Hold shift during boot and choose recovery mode option
Choose netroot.
Uninstall nvidia:

nvidia-uninstall

Remove the nvidia configuration file:

rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Reinstall the Gl Mesa package:

apt-get --reinstall install libgl1-mesa-glx

Reboot with:

reboot