How to run fstrim -a regularly automatically?

Your system by default is setup to do this using systemd. Check the status of the timer:

systemctl status fstrim.timer

By default, it is set to run fstrim -A once every week, as you can see in the output of:

systemctl cat fstrim.service

There is no use to do this more than once a week, expect for extreme usage with lots of file deletes, moves, etc., where more frequent trimming may be needed.

This actually answers also your question: you can have any job setup to run automatically using systemd. You still can use the "old" approach using crontab, which still is available by default on Ubuntu.

If you know what you do, you can edit the service.


Trying to install spyder3, but getting spyder2

In order to install spyder3 package you must first enable the universe repository. Once that step is completed you will be able to install the spyder3 package which currently actually provides 2.3.0 with the following command:

sudo apt-get install spyder3

Note: If you wish to eliminate the spyder2 configuration files as well as the package you may wish to backup to avoid any unintended consequences and then purge the spyder2 package with sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove spyder

To obtain the latest version of spyder (currently 3.1.4)

If you use anaconda:

conda update qt pyqt
conda update spyder

Only If you don't use anaconda

pip install -U spyder

If you use anaconda the pip command could break your installation. This is of small concern if you follow my advice about creating a backup and a potentially large problem if you don't.

Sources:

http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?suite=all&section=all&arch=any&keywords=spyder3&searchon=names

How do I enable the "Universe" repository?

How can you completely remove a package?

https://github.com/spyder-ide/spyder/releases


Can't install Ubuntu on ASUS z97-a 3.1 mobo

See: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2323500

It may be that your CD/DVD/BD player is plugged into the wrong connector.  Check the manual for your motherboard.  It's possible that you have your optical drive plugged into an ASMedia connector instead of a SATA connector.  ASMedia only supports AHCI mode (data drives).


php extension fileinfo install in Ubuntu(15.10)

From the error message you provided here, you will need to run /usr/bin/phpize command in the top level source directory of the module.

You will only need to install the php5-dev package if the previous step failed with the phpize: not found error message (which is unlikely to happen, as you already have it installed)


Install package kexec-tools.
Turn your Wi-Fi led off.

Open a terminal window and load the current kernel.

sudo kexec -l /boot/vmlinuz-$(uname -r) --initrd=/boot/initrd.img-$(uname -r) --reuse-cmdline

Execute the kernel,

sudo kexec -e

and quickly press Fn+F2.

This fixed the problem for me, but I can't guarantee that it will work for you. If it doesn't work immediately, try a few more times.


You need to rephrase your question:

if you need to connect via phpMyAdmin, you need to have it properly properly configured
if you need to connect via command line you need either MySQL Shell or MySQL Utilities (for older versions)

From command line you need to follow these simple steps. For (a well configured) phpMyAdmin you have to connect with known credentials (regularly without root) and choose a database.
https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Disable-Root-Login-in-PhpMyAdmin-1.png


Time differences between windows and ubuntu partition?

That's because Windows doesn't do UTC. Refer to this.


There's nothing wrong I can see with your approach. You're excluding directories and  find will include hidden files by default. Yeah, it's fine.

But I'll offer you an alternative because that's what I do:

shopt -s globstar dotglob
sha1sum **

globstar enables a recursive match for ** and dotglob enables matching hidden files. Between them they expand to all the filenames and sha1sum can parse them all.

The main problem with this approach is it will pass all the filenames off to sha1sum in one fat pile. While this can be somewhat faster at small loads, it will explode if you have too many filenames. I don't know what the cut-off is.


How do I remove Windows Vista off my Ubuntu laptop?

To remove Windows all you need to do is to delete the Windows partition. Before you begin I suggest you do a complete back up just in case you delete the  wrong partition!

Insert the live CD or USB for Ubuntu and open the partition manager(Gparted)
Find all the Windows partitions, right click and Delete it.(Make sure you are not deleting the wrong partition!)
Now right click on the Linux partition and choose Re size option and include the deleted windows partition.
Select the Apply all Operation.

After deleting the partition if you still find any Windows entries in the grub go to the Linux terminate and type sudo update-grub and you are good to go!


What are the dangers of using an unsupported Ubuntu version?

You would be safe from viruses and malware, since anti-virus software is 3rd party and you would still be able to update them since the companies that made the software will keep providing you with new virus definitions.

But....There are a lot of Linux black-hats out there who would just love to hack into your computer. And because Canonical will no longer give you security updates, your computer will be rendered vulnerable. (Kind of like when MS pulled the plug on Windows XP). I think that programs such as Java and ssh would be targeted to gain full access to your computer. But as long as you harden down your computer, I guess you would be fine for a few months or more after the version no longer becomes supported.


How do I customise desktop effects and toggle between comopsiting window mangers in KDE on Ubuntu 10.10?

You can toggle compositing in 10.10 with fusion-icon

sudo apt-get install fusion-icon will install it.

then simply run fusion-icon and you can turn on/off compositing and select the window manager you want to use.


Creating shortcuts to run applications conditionally

Save the following script to your home folder as launch_chrome.py:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import subprocess
import wnck
import gtk
import time

screen = wnck.screen_get_default()
while gtk.events_pending():
    gtk.main_iteration()

window_list = screen.get_windows_stacked()

last_active = None
for window in window_list:
    if window.get_application().get_name() == "Google Chrome":
        last_active = window

if last_active:

    timestamp = int(time.time())
    last_active.activate(timestamp)

else:

    subprocess.Popen("google-chrome")

Make the script executable:

chmod +x ~/launch_chrome.py

Use the command /home/<YOURUSERNAME>/launch_chrome.py when adding a shortcut.

When this shortcut is activated, it will either:

Launch a new Chrome window if there aren't any already running or,
bring the most recently used Chrome window into focus.


Ubuntu installation failure - Unable to install GRUB

Solving 'grub-install /dev/sda' failed error.

sudo mount /dev/sdaX /mnt  # Make "X" the partition that has Ubuntu installed (i.e. /dev/sda2).

for i in /sys /proc /run /dev; do sudo mount --bind "$i" "/mnt/$i"; done

sudo chroot /mnt

update-grub

if no errors skip this
 grub-install /dev/sdX (x is the hard drive that has linux installed (i.e. /dev/sda)

update-grub Reboot the system


What legitimate, legal use does the application, Access Prompt, have?

Access Prompt is a security feature that is used when accessing your PC remotely or install or updating/upgrading either via Terminal or Unity/Nautilus/Gnome.  If it requires a password input from user, it'll bring either screens below up depending on how your input method is.

Access Prompt has many dependencies and is a dependant of other system processes.
When we type in apt-cache depend gcr into a terminal we see we see what Access Prompt is dependency of:

$ apt-cache depends gcr
gcr
  |Depends: dconf-gsettings-backend
  Depends: <gsettings-backend>
  dconf-gsettings-backend
  Depends: libc6
  Depends: libgcr-base-3-1
  Depends: libgcr-ui-3-1
  Depends: libglib2.0-0
  Depends: libgtk-3-0
  Depends: dbus-x11
    dbus-x11:i386
  Breaks: gnome-keyring
  Breaks: gnome-keyring:i386
  Replaces: gnome-keyring
  Replaces: gnome-keyring:i386
  Conflicts: gcr:i386

When you use apt-cache rdepend gcr we find what processes Access Prompt or gcr needs to run

$ apt-cache rdepends gcr
gcr
Reverse Depends:
  gnome-keyring
  gcr:i386
  ubuntu-gnome-desktop
  seahorse
  gnome-keyring

To further expand on Access Prompt, it also accesses Sudoers file list.  As it checks to see if your actually who you say you are.  The only one true way to remove this function is to simply root your Ubuntu Computer.  I would HIGHLY suggest against this.
Access Prompt is your last means of defense when it comes to protecting your goods on an unencrypted drive.  Your password prevents unauthorized use from people who want your goodies!


How can I use find command more efficiently?

you usually tell find where to begin the search, and what to look for. So the syntax for paths to search and what you're actually trying to find is different.

For the use case you mention, let's assume you want to find the passwd file in /etc:

find /etc/ -name passwd

you're saying "starting in etc, look for a file whose name is passwd

if you don't specify criteria (or "options" in find parlance), what find does is, it starts in the path (or paths) you specify, and finds all files and directories underneath, recursively. So the options "filter" those files to narrow down what you're looking for.

Find all JPG files anywhere in your filesystem:

find / -name "*jpg"

Using quotes in your options is recommended because otherwise shell expansion can cause you headaches.

Find any pdf files, regardless of case, in either Documents or Downloads:

find Documents/ Downloads/ -iname "*pdf"

If you do man find and scroll down to TESTS, you will find all the "criteria" that find can use to narrow down your search. You can search for files with specific filenames, owned by specific users or groups, having a specific file permission, being of a specific type (e.g. -type d will find only directories, while -type f will find only plain files, excluding directories), files newer or older than a specific number of days (or minutes), files that are empty, that are executable, and so on.

In find's man page you will also find a section called ACTIONS, these can go after the criteria and will be triggered by any file that matches all the criteria. So you can have find doing things like deleting files it finds, executing arbitrary commands on them, and so on.

But of course the basic syntax remains:

find [starting path(s)] [conditions or criteria]


attempt running the command:

startx

to initialize the xorg session.

You have to tell the server to start a gui session.


Vuze-vs 5.7.6.0-snap1 (stable) fails to install in upgraded Ubuntu 18.04 from 17.10

It's on snap, also:

thufir@dur:~$
thufir@dur:~$ snap find vuze
Name     Version        Developer  Notes  Summary
vuze-vs  5.7.6.0-snap1  vs         -      Vuze is a powerful, open source, bittorrent client.
thufir@dur:~$
thufir@dur:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
Release:    18.04
Codename:   bionic
thufir@dur:~$

which seems like a good way to install something like this.  You'll probably have to add some template files to get search working effectively.

see also:

https://askubuntu.com/a/1043402/45156


so go here http://support-asia.canon-asia.com/contents/ASIA/EN/0100517002.html and click to download and SAVE what will be cnijfilter-mx920series-3.90-1-deb.tar.gz

You need to open a terminal; and paste the commands below in line by line, hitting the ENTER key after each paste: to find PASTE in the terminal, right-click at the text prompt .....

cd Downloads
tar -zxvf cnijfilter-mx920series-3.90-1-deb.tar.gz
cd cnijfilter-mx920series-3.90-1-deb
./install.sh

and that final command runs the install script; it will ask you for your sudo password but it does 2 things: 1) installs drivers and 2) registers the printer on lpadmin so it should all work


How to set up Gnome-Shell as the default DE?

shell as your default DE then just use this command--

sudo /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-set-defaults -s gnome-shell

and to revert back just change gnome-shell to ubuntu

sudo /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-set-defaults -s ubuntu

similarly you can set any DE your default just put the name of it at the back.


From juju package description:

  Juju is a next generation service orchestration framework. It has been
  likened to APT for the cloud. With Juju, different authors are able to
  create service formulas, called charms, independently, and make those
  services coordinate their communication and configuration through a
  simple protocol.

So, a charm tells juju how to manage a service. Examples of a service may be "mysql database" or "wordpress". After a service is deployed, juju can define relations between them ("worpress needs mysql") and expose some services to the outside world.

It's a set of scripts that can be written in any language that fire off hooks based on certain things. So the "install hook" is the first thing that will be run on an instance when juju installs on it, and we can do hooks to other services.

The charm usually includes all the intelligence needed to scale the service horizontally. So, for example, the charm for clustered MySQL would know how to add machines to the cluster, preserving the relationships with all the services depending on that service. This lets you build out, and scale up and down, the service you want, especially on the cloud.

Juju can also be used together with Orchestra for physical deployments. So, for example, if you have a charm for Hadoop, you can use that to install Hadoop across a few thousand servers with Orchestra.

You can get some more info from Juju user tutorial


compatibility of my ubuntu 16.04 with my lenovo pc

Yes.

According to https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements:

Ubuntu Desktop Edition

    700 MHz processor (about Intel Celeron or better)
    512 MiB RAM (system memory)
    5 GB of hard-drive space (or USB stick, memory card or external drive but see LiveCD for an alternative approach)
    VGA capable of 1024x768 screen resolution
    Either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media
    Internet access is helpful


How to get Ascii Ubuntu logo in terminal

Archey is a script that displays system info in the terminal with a logo of this the Linux distro in ASCII art.

Install Archey in ubuntu

sudo apt-get install lsb-release scrot
wget http://github.com/downloads/djmelik/archey/archey-0.2.8.deb
sudo dpkg -i archey-0.2.8.deb

Using Archey

run the command

archey


slow and unreliable wifi connection on HP 15 Touchsmart laptop

Try changing the wireless channel which would helps you to get some good wireless speed

List the wireless extension with the command

iwconfig

Set your wireless channel in the router to 1 or 11 and save the router configuration and reboot it.

sudo iwconfig wlan0 channel #

#- Wireless channel number

Hope this helps!


How do I log in with a user that is not included on the list in Ubuntu 12.04?

I haven't tested this.  But this post might help:

Ubuntu 12.04 login screen with LDAP users, no "other..."

check the answer by "Clausi"

Hope this helps


How do I find which packages could be set as automatically installed?

aptitude markauto marks packages as automatically installed. By default aptitude asks for removal of automatically installed packages that have no dependent package installed. So if you run:

sudo aptitude markauto <your long list of packages>

It will ask for confirmation to mark the packages as automatically installed and if some of those packages have no dependent package installed it will ask for confirmation to remove them. Basically the packages aptitude says will be marked as automatically installed have dependent packages installed and should not be removed, and the packages aptitude says will be removed have no dependent packages installed and may be safely removed. Obviously you can cancel the command before any change be made by typing Ctrl+C at the confirmation prompt.


My system has 6 gb ram and i3 processor having ubuntu 12.04 64bit installed

It really is just simple math. You have 6 Gb RAM on the host machine. If you run 2 guest instances (virtual machines) with 2 Gb RAM assigned to each one (2 x 2 = 4 Gb), you end upwith 6 - 4 = 2 Gb available for your host system.

If low memory becomes an issue, you can either install more RAM (if your system can support more RAM) or edit your virtual machines and assign them less RAM.


Ubuntu 14.04 not booting after installing updates

The following link is another page on the askubuntu website - after a good bit of information about what to do if installation fails, it then goes on to discuss links and procedures that you can follow for the black, unresponsive screen.

My computer boots to a black screen, what options do I have to fix it?


Where did I fail with my basic iptables setup?

Please execute below command after applying your rules in iptables.

$ sudo iptables-save

It will save your iptables rules.

Thanks & regards


Virtualbox microphone not working (ubuntu as guest)

Make sure to have the correct Audio Hardware set in the options of Virtualbox. Then check the "Audioinput" to be activated (, as the "Audiooutput" probably already is).

Then start the virtual machine and check if the Audioinput shows up as activated in the Audio menu. If so, check Ubuntu to have found the mic.

Finally check the settings of the recording software as well for any settings reffering to the mic and further, not muting it.


Older Nvidia integrated graphics problem

You can try to install the nvidia kernel modules. Therefore you have to add an ppa and install the sofware:

To add the ppa, open a terminal and enter: sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates; sudo apt-get update
Then you install the software: sudo apt-get install nvidia-current  nvidia-settings
Reboot


How or what can I remove from /boot considering it's almost full?

Here is a script that does it automatically.

The easiest way to clear up space in /boot is to get rid of old and unused kernels. I't important when deleting kernels to never delete the kernel you are currently using (check with uname -r) and you don't want to delete the newest kernel otherwise you will download it again next time you upgrade.

Each kernel and the disk resources related to it takes up about 50MB of space. You also want to delete kernels using only apt purge because it removes dependencies and updates grub at the end. You can see a list of installed kernels using dpkg -l | grep linux-image.

Autoremove does not always get all the old kernels.

#!/bin/bash

# create the clean-boot command line utility, if it doesn't exist
if [ ! -f /usr/sbin/clean-boot ]; then
    cp "$0" /usr/sbin/clean-boot
    chown root.root /usr/sbin/clean-boot
    chmod 0770 /usr/sbin/clean-boot
fi

# add clean-boot cron job to root's crontab, if it doesn't exist
if [[  `crontab -l | grep "/usr/sbin/clean-boot" | wc -l` -eq 0 ]]; then
    (crontab -l 2>/dev/null; echo "0 10 * * 3,4 /usr/sbin/clean-boot") | crontab -
fi

# array of kernels installed on the system
kernels=($(dpkg --list | grep 'linux-image-[0-9]' | awk '{ print $2 }'))

# kernel currently being used by the system
current_kernel=linux-image-`uname -r`

# newest kernel installed (currently being initialized to current_kernel)
newest_kernel=$current_kernel

# for loop below used to find the newest insitalled kernel
for i in "${kernels[@]}"
do

    # since newest is initialized to current, there is no need to parse through kernels same version as the one currently loaded
    if [[ $i != $current_kernel*  ]]; then

        # each iteration of the for loop is for each version number (kernel version, major, minor, incidental numbers) example 4.8.0-56-generic
        for counter in 1 2 3 4
        do

            # if statement extracts the version numbers
            if [[ $counter -lt 3 ]]; then

                compare_number=$(echo ${i#"linux-image-"} | cut -d'.' -f$counter)
                newest_number=$(echo  ${newest_kernel#"linux-image-"} | cut -d'.' -f$counter)

            elif [[ $counter -eq 3 ]]; then

                compare_number=$(echo ${i#"linux-image-"} | cut -d'.' -f$counter)
                newest_number=$(echo  ${newest_kernel#"linux-image-"} | cut -d'.' -f$counter)

                compare_number=$(echo ${compare_number} | cut -d'-' -f1)
                newest_number=$(echo  ${newest_number} | cut -d'-' -f1)

            else

                compare_number=$(echo ${i#"linux-image-"} | cut -d'-' -f2)
                newest_number=$(echo  ${newest_kernel#"linux-image-"} | cut -d'-' -f2)

            fi

            # this if statement does the comparison
            if [[ $compare_number -eq $newest_number ]]; then
                continue
            elif [[ $compare_number -lt $newest_number ]]; then
                break
            else
                newest_kernel=$i
                break
            fi

        done

    fi

done

# for every kernel
for i in "${kernels[@]}"
do

    # delete the kernel if the kernel is not the one in use and is not the newest one installed
    if [[ $i != $current_kernel* && $i != $newest_kernel* ]]; then

        apt-get purge "$i" -y

    fi

done


Questions you should be asking:
- Does the partition table show Windows7 still exists?
- What is the boot order BIOS references?

Additional Information that would be useful
- What kind of computer are you using?
  - Have you looked into the key combination to access the boot menu for your specific computer?

Assuming all is True
- The problem, if Windows still exists, is the first bootloader BIOS finds in its boot order schema is calling Grub.

Potential Fix Based on the latter
- Google the key combination (usually ESC, F8 or F10) for your specific computer to access the boot menu at the initial BIOS splash page.
- Once you are at the boot menu you can select the Windows partition and it will boot directly to it.


The one with tilde seems to be backup copy made by the editor you used.
Most likely you can remove it safely - up to you.

Anyway

  ls -l

behaves exactly as expected I'd say. For further information about ls command you should check manual:

  man ls


Change minimize window animation in Ubuntu

You can use compizconfig-settings-manager to change windows minimize animations in Ubuntu.

Installation :

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Or install using Ubuntu Software center :

Usage :

Launch compizconfig-settings-manager, go in "Effects" > "Animations" > "Minimize Animation" tab.

Click on "Edit" and simply select the animation you want to use (I am not sure which one is closest to Mac OS animation. I let you test) :

You can also change the duration of the animation.


Installing skype on 64-bit breaks on dpkg --add-architecture i386

If you get stuck try changing server to "Main server" instead of your country's servers. When I did this, Skype installed flawlessly from the Software Center.


Multiple and selected attribute not displaying in browsers

Neat tutorial - just why does everything have to be done in Internet Explorer though! Even if you do use Windows, it is just an annoyance....

Right, I have tested your code on my computer (using  Google Chrome 31 (probably) and Firefox 25).

For this:
<form method="post">
Crust <select name="crust" multiple> <option value="c1">Normal</option> <option value="c2" selected>Chicago Deep Dish</option> <option value="c3">New York Thin</option> </select>
 </form>

I got this (Firefox left, Chrome right):

Without multiple, I got this with dropdown boxes:

So the html works, but it may be the browser that is at fault. You could

1) Update your browsers - the relevant tags are supposed to be compatible with Firefox and Chrome (see here ), but it can sometimes take a while for the Linux distributions of those browsers to catch up and work properly.

2) Test it in different ways. Try testing it with the html on its own (with none of the fieldsets and stuff that appear in the tutorial), or by placing it in a properly syntaxed webpage:

<!DOCTYPE HTML>

    <title>Test Page</title>
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="" type="image/gif" />
    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" >
    <meta name="keywords" content="">
    <meta name="description" content="" />
    <meta name="created" content="">
    <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en-uk">

<form method="post">
Crust <select name="crust" multiple> <option value="c1">Normal</option> <option value="c2" selected>Chicago Deep Dish</option> <option value="c3">New York Thin</option> </select>
 </form>


Can't update ubuntu 14.04 LTS - libpam-systemd reinstall needed

It looks like you had the trusty-updates repository enabled at some point, which pulled in libpam-systemd in version 204-5ubuntu20.14. At a later point that repository was disabled and something damaged the package installation. Now Apt can't find a suitable package archive to reinstall and restore the package.

For a solution I recommend that you

re-enable the trusty-updates repository in Software & Updates (software-properties-gtk),

update the list of available packages,

sudo apt-get update

perform a package upgrade with the -f/--fix-missing option:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -f libpam-systemd


Change only file permissions in a folder NOT RECURSIVELLY

find your_folder -type f -exec chmod your_permissions {} \;

This command changes the permissions only for regular files in the selected folder (replace "your_folder" and "your_permissions" with the appropriate values).

If you only want to change the permissions for files in your_folder itself and not in its subfolders you can add -maxdepth:

find your_folder -maxdepth 1 -type f -exec chmod your_permissions {} \;


How do I remap the keyboard shortcut for Gnome Do?

Install compizconfig-settings-manager
 sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Hit Alt+F2, type about:config and hit Enter to open the Unity configuration.

Either disable or bind the shortcut for Key to show the launcher  to another key:

Now the Super key should open Gnome Do as before.


Sapphire r7 250 driver for ubuntu 14.04 LTS

I think that the easiest way is:

open System Settings
choose Software Sources
go to the last tab Additional Drivers
choose the driver to install (the FGLRX one, not the post-release updates)
press Activate

Then, put your password and that's it! Better restart your computer to enable the new driver.

Images:

for steps - 1,2

for steps - 3,4,5


Gparted can't create ext3 or ext4 partitions

This sounds like you have a physically defective drive, or a defective live cd. The installer uses libparted to do it's formatting/partitioning work, so if that has a corruption then it could cause the disk to fail to partition in both gparted and the installer.

We will need more logs to see more of what's going on. Please report gparted errors and if possible, run from the command line.

On installing on FAT32, the problem is that Linux requires a modern file system with linking, per file permissions, etc. Windows file systems like FAT and NTFS never had these features and so it's not possible to install Ubuntu on them. Other file systems like btfs, ext2, xfs etc however are possible to use.


Steam - If I backup games in Ubuntu, and install a new distro, can restore those games in the new distro?

Steam has a function where you can back up anything you select. If you open up the Steam browser, click the Steam drop-down menu in the top left corner and select Backup and Restore Games. You can follow the prompts from there to select what you want to back up, and where to back it up to, such as a secondary hard drive or USB drive.

Once you have everything moved over to Kubuntu, you can then repeat the same process and initiate the restore procedure.


isorespin needs space to unpack the iso, (add/edit some things), then write a new altered iso.  The live media does not have the free space for this, but you can put an ext4 filesystem on a 16G USB disk, (make a directory and) mount it, say at /mnt/iso,
and do the work there.


Unless you can find documentation about the camera indicating that it uses a standard for wireless such as bluetooth or wifi, it probably isn't compatible with anything else.  You might be able to get a replacement from ebay or the manufacturer.

My advice to you would be to look into modern alternatives.  dlink sells a wireless security camera for only about $25, although I've seen them as slow as $15, which is pretty easy to setup with ubuntu, windows or mac.  If the camera doesn't need to be wireless, you can pick usb webcams as low as $3 if you don't mind shopping around.

In the meantime let's see what we can find out about yours.  Please take a close look at yours and report back with the brand, model, etc.  I can't look it up based on your description.  "OLD" isn't quite detailed enough.

Rest of the answer:
Thank you for providing the brand and model.  I believe I have discovered all that you need.  It seems that even if this product is discontinued, which does not seem to be the case, the company is still around so you can probably order a replacement receiver.  I've also found the user manual in PDF format which you can read as I have done.  It doesn't appear that the wireless system used is directly compatible with home wifi routers so it would seem you need to acquire a replacement receiver.


Assuming your install isn't encrypted (see oldfred's comment if it is), then you'll need to create a bootable ubuntu live USB with these instructions:
https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu

Then you will need to restart your computer, and force it to boot off the USB (it may do so by default, otherwise there will be a key combination or BIOS option to do this, but it will depend on your specific computer so I'd suggest googling how to change where it boots from for your specific computer).

Once the USB is booted, you'll first need to connect it to the internet (the same way you normally would). Then you should open a terminal and install gparted using sudo apt install gparted.

You can then launch gparted by using sudo gparted from the terminal, and resize your partition from there.
It is recommended you take a backup of at least any important data on the partition before going ahead with the resize as data corruption is possible, especially if you are moving a partition and not just resizing it.


Upstart - handling stop when the process is killed

According to upstart manual expect fork:

   Upstart will expect the process executed to call fork(2) exactly once.

and according to comment 5 in init: job stuck with expect fork/daemon when parent reaps child bug:

  when you use "expect fork" or "expect daemon" combined with "script",
  Upstart ends up following the first spawned child whose exit status is
  reaped by the shell.

In your case, upstart probably follows chdir pid.

Your upstart script seems a task job because neither chdir nor java command fork,
so, removing expect fork should fix the issue.


Unable to boot Ubuntu after trying to mount partition in windows with ext2fat

Yes, ext2fat corrupts Ubuntu partitions, as do other Windows drivers that say they'll let you read/write to Linux ext2/3/4 partitions. Uninstall it asap. Then do a file system check on Ubuntu, like so...

For 17.10 or older...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

For 18.04 or newer...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
open a terminal window
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/XXXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/XXXX # replacing XXXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

Note: if you wish to share files between Ubuntu and Windows, create a NTFS partition that both can read/write to.


FTPS client, preferably integrated in Nautilus?

Update:

Nautilus supports FTPS now that the bug linked below has (finally) been fixed (Thanks @HullCityFan852).

Original post:

Nautilus does not support FTPS, see that bug (opened a long time ago but still no progress)

As an alternative, you can use FileZilla:

  FileZilla client supports FTPS both implicit (FTPS:// protocol), and
  explicit (FTPES://).

Source


keyboard layout switching doesn't work in 13.10

I noticed at Switch to specific keyboard layout using Ctrl+Shift+Num that you can use Ctrl + Shift + 1 to switch to an English keyboard layout.


Those type files can only be decoded in linux by using a 32 bit mplayer & w32codecs. Info here if you can satisfy the above.

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2030108


Converting a linux alias to a desktop launcher

Create a .desktop file, say read-info1.desktop and add the following lines:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Read info1
Comment=Read the info1.txt file in Terminal
Exec=gnome-terminal -x sh -c 'cat /home/YOUR-USERNAME/info1.txt; exec bash'
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=text-x-generic

Of course put your actual username in place of YOUR-USERNAME in the Exec= line.


If you have another spare graphics card to run the X desktop, or you run in headless mode, you can try this solution: Experimental OpenCL driver for Ubuntu 16.04

Basically, this is a OpenCL-only fglrx driver and it does not conflict with other graphics drivers. You can install a low-end GPU for desktop only, and use your FirePro just for compute. In my case I have a HD 6450 for X desktop (using the opensource radeon driver) and a R9 280X for OpenCL, and it works flawlessly.


Digging into winepath, there's different configuration options for it.

With regards to another related question you asked which I answered, you can use winepath to find the Windows-compatible path for a given Linux path direction.

However, the winepath is only really useful with specific arguments passed, as the different arguments it accepts actually tell it what you are looking for.

winepath accepts a bunch of useful arguments, of which -u and -w are most useful here.  This is from the winepath manpage from the 3.4 development version of Wine:

OPTIONS
       -u, --unix
              converts a Windows path to a Unix path.

       -w, --windows
              converts a Unix path to a long Windows path.

With these in mind, we can get /tmp/test/0.pdf into a useful Windows path.  (I'm using /tmp/blah.txt in my example though)

Convert a Unix path to a long Windows path - what you had to do in your other question - which then is something you can pass to a Windows executable, and is based on your winecfg drive mapping (it takes a few minutes to run):

$ winepath -w /tmp/blah.txt
Z:\tmp\blah.txt

Convert a Windows long path to a Unix filepath - the inverse of what you needed to do, but what is actually useful if you have something installed in the Wine C:\ drive and need to the Linux file path to the file/executable/folder/etc. This helps you if you need to edit something in a path that you're not aware of where it sits on disk, namely usually in ~/.wine/drive_c and such because there's a lot of things you might need direct folder access for.  For your example, below, it's not real useful, since we know already intrinsically that Z: is mapped to / on your system.  However, you can technically access the file via the full Wine Linux path below (which works, because ~/.wine/dosdevices/z: is actually just a symlink for / in your setup, and mine):

$ winepath -u 'Z:\tmp\test\0.pdf'
/home/teward/.wine/dosdevices/z:/tmp/test/0.pdf

This seems to be the 'default' - it takes a Windows path and outputs the Linux equivalent for the Windows file path with regards to the existing Wine installation.

So, TL;DR:

Your primary use cases, therefore, are:

To take a Unix filesystem path and get the Windows-style path with regards to the Drive setup in your Wine Prefix; this is what you would have to enter to get the answer in the other question you posted. (since you can't use Unix paths in Windows executables' arguments, or in an Open dialog in a Wine-opened executable, since those need Windows style paths)
To take a Wine-based Windows path and get the corresponding Linux filesystem path so you can interact with the file in the standard Linux system directly (since you can't use Windows paths in Unix to interact with the files in the Ubuntu operating system directly)


Just a suggestion:

Reinstall software center by doing the following:

Open a terminal and type

sudo apt-get install synaptic

Then, run synaptic and type in the search field software center.
In the results right click on software-center package and select "mark for complete removal".
Click "mark" on the next dialog that tells you that also ubuntu-desktop will be removed. Then click the apply button and go on.
Then, when the removal process is done, find again the software-center package, right click, and select mark for installation.
Also find the ubuntu-desktop package and mark it for installation.
Finally, click the apply button.
Check then if Software Center gets stuck again on loading screen


Try the Alternate Install 32bit or Alternate Install 64bit.

For more information on how to install Ubuntu onto a RAID array see the Installing on external or RAID hard disks section


Reset network configuration in ubuntu 12.04

The NetworkManager daemon runs with elevated privileges. nm-applet is supposed to run with user privileges. Don't start it with sudo.

It is possible that through misuse of sudo you have messed up the ownerships and permissions of relevant files on your filesystem.

Note that pppoeconf is not meant to be used along with NetworkManager. If you run Ubuntu Desktop you normally use NetworkManager (only). If you run Ubuntu Server you normally use ifup and possibly things like pppoeconf along with it.


Ubuntu 16.04, manually deleted library, couldn't install using apt-get for gdal library

Use dpkg-query --search to find the affected packages that have (or had) files installed to a particular path, e. g.

dpkg-query --search /usr/share/gdal/

Restore the corrupted packages via Apt with the --reinstall option, e. g.

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgdal1i

With some output mangling you can combine those commands without a manual intermediate step:

dpkg-query --search /usr/share/gdal/ | sed -e 's/:.*//;s/, /\n/g' | sort -u | xargs -r -- sudo apt-get install --reinstall


Ensuring Cloned Computer Can Coexist with Original on Network

You must change the host name; you've already done that.

Depending on how your computer obtains its IP address, you may need to update it.

If your computer uses DHCP and is assigned an essentially random address from the dynamic IP address pool, each computer will naturally gets its own address.
If your computer gets its IP address via DHCP based on the host name, you should update the database in the DHCP server.
If your computer has a static IP address, you'll need to change it. Check your network configuration to see which IP addresses are permissible and not taken yet. Static IP address are usually configured in /etc/network/interfaces, but if you used wicd or NetworkManager then you'll need to update the relevant configuration.

You must change the SSH host key. Each computer needs to have its own private key. Remove /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*_key* and run dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server to generate new host keys.


How do I get the latest Java JRE version?

WebUpd8

Webupd8 offers a ppa on Launchpad which offers Java installers for all current Ubuntu releases.

PPA description:

Oracle Java (JDK) Installer (automatically downloads and installs Oracle JDK7 / JDK8 / JDK9). There are no actual Java files in this PPA.

More info (and Ubuntu installation instructions):
- for Oracle Java 7: http://www.webupd8.org/2012/01/install-oracle-java-jdk-7-in-ubuntu-via.html
- for Oracle Java 8: http://www.webupd8.org/2012/09/install-oracle-java-8-in-ubuntu-via-ppa.html

Debian installation instructions:
- Oracle Java 7: http://www.webupd8.org/2012/06/how-to-install-oracle-java-7-in-debian.html
- Oracle Java 8: http://www.webupd8.org/2014/03/how-to-install-oracle-java-8-in-debian.html

Important!!! For now, you should continue to use Java 8 because Oracle Java 9 is available as an early access release (it should be released in 2016)! You should only use Oracle Java 9 if you explicitly need it, because it may contain bugs and it might not include the latest security patches! Also, some Java options were removed in JDK9, so you may encounter issues with various Java apps. More information and installation instructions (Ubuntu / Linux Mint / Debian): http://www.webupd8.org/2015/02/install-oracle-java-9-in-ubuntu-linux.html

In case you need Java 8 - simple do as follows:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer


Ubuntu appears very small at 1080p, text almost undreadable

Try this: Open "System Settings" then from "System" section select "Universal Access". On  the first tab marked "Seeing" there is a drop-down field marked "Text size". Adjust the text size to Large or Larger.


System Settings won't open on Ubuntu 17.10

You can try to reinstall gnome-control-center from terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall gnome-control-center


You may try to boot ubuntu from grub-rescue by following instructions from this answer: https://askubuntu.com/a/159850/432944


I managed to get it working after running the following commands:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get install -f


USB and PCI devices taking a LOT of power

This may be what you are looking for;

http://www.linrunner.de/en/tlp/tlp.html

TLP is a power management tool for Linux. It brings you the benefits of advanced power management without the need to understand every technical detail.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install tlp

Run PowerTOP before & after to see difference. Power settings will be re-profiled by TLP upon fresh boot.


Why can I execute without read permissions?

I think your stated test command and case will only work under root (superuser), based on my tests with the exact same command on my Ubuntu Trusty box.

This is an unprivileged account:

[teward /home/teward/tmp/]% echo 'echo "foo"' > test && chmod 100 test && ./test
zsh: permission denied: ./test

This is as root:

[god /home/teward/tmp/]# echo 'echo "foo"' > test && chmod 100 test && ./test
foo

(Regarding god on my root prompt:  I have root and my user using zsh as the login shell.  My PS1 for ZSH replaces 'root' with 'god' for the root user on my system, but it's still 'root'.  Privilege level is indicated by the character to the right of the closing square brace - the # indicates root, and % indicates standard user, which is how you know the privilege level)

I think this is because 'root' is considered god, and can do almost anything.  Double-check the user you're using.


It's possible you need to install poppler-data to view PDFs that have non-English fonts.  You should be able to find that in the Software Center or install it from the command line sudo apt-get install poppler-data


Change the Sort order of Devices in Nautilus

Unfortunately the order of the drives is chosen automatically, usually based on when they are detected/mounted. I don't think you will be able to change their order manually.


No login screen after boot without external monitor

Why don't you try, unplugging the monitor first and then shutdown the laptop?


Recently installed ubuntu 14.04 but continues to restart laptop

Try to download again and check for errors , then use unetbootin for usb . Then try to boot using the quick boot menu when the computer starts .


Ubuntu stopped working without apparent reason

I suggest removing all of the NVIDIA-related packages. This should reset X to use the nouveau driver. This will at least get your graphics back in order to troubleshoot. Here's how to do that:

Power off your computer. Then turn it on while holding down the shift key. This will bring up the grub menu. Use the arrow keys and enter to go to " Advanced Options", then the first line ending in "Recovery Mode" (most likely the second line.)
Now a menu should come up. Select "Drop to root shell prompt". This prompt has root access, so be careful.
Mount your home partition with mount -o remount,rw /
Now, run apt-get remove --purge "nvidia-*". This will remove all packages starting with nvidia-, which will include all the drivers.
Reboot with by running reboot, and pray that nouveau starts properly.


How do you zoom in and out while on a Skype call?

I didn't find how to do this directly in Skype, but I could do this with a third-party GUI software: v4l2ucp (which you can install with this link). It is a control panel for v4l which normally handles Logitech webcams (my HD Pro C920 was supported out of the box).

Here is what it looks like:

At the very bottom you have a Zoom, Absolute cursor that will allow you to zoom in and out, and adjust other settings too. The changes are reflected in real time in Skype.

As a small bonus, I wrote the following script to zoom in 150%, and set the video format to 1080p@30fps:

#!/bin/sh
v4l2-ctl --set-ctrl=zoom_absolute=150
v4l2-ctl --set-fmt-video=width=1920,height=1080,pixelformat=1
v4l2-ctl --set-parm=30

saved it to a file and set it to run automatically when my session starts. 150% is what worked best for me, and I can still change it dynamically with v4l2ucp whenever I want.


I "resolved" the issue by installing the neon ee version of eclipse and got everything up and running.

I have no idea what caused the issue as that version of eclipse had been running before. As I said above, I think doing my mercurial commit may have altered or deleted a prefs file and that kicked it off.


Setting a default input language for lightdm lock screen

I think you hit bug #1286910.

George Karakostas has reported there that Martin Jurča's workaround to bug 1240198 worked for this bug also.

  Here's an easy fix:

  open terminal
  run ibus-setup
  open the extra settings (the last tab)
  check the "use system keyboard layout" checkbox

  Now, how about you guys (yes, you, Canonical) make this the default
  settings? All I know about it is that it (probably) stores its config
  in gconf, but I cannot find it, so I cannot give you a patch.

So you should attempt that fix for your problem, too. (Note, however, that Mikhail V. Golubev has reported this workaround did not work in his case. So this is apparently a usable solution only for some instances of this problem.)


Ubuntu cannot boot (stuck on black screen)

Here you go:

Are you on Nvidia Graphics card? If yes, then start in nomodeset instead of quiet and install nvidia graphics driver using terminal and restart, voila.

Permanent Solution : Start your system in nomodeset, after the system is up and running open terminal and add the graphics driver repo using 'sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers' then update using 'sudo apt-get update' then finally install the latest nvidia drivers using the command 'sudo apt install nvidia-384', after the installation is done, reboot your pc and you won't longer need to change it to nomodeset everytime you boot up, also you can install nouveau drivers instead nvidia, which are opensource and may be more stable than the nvidia one, if you don't do any extreme gaming on your Ubuntu then I'd suggest you to install the nouveau drivers.


Can you run df -h to confirm that you are actually running out of space?

As for deleting files with the LiveCD, try using sudo to remove the directory as root. Run sudo nautilus to use Nautilus or sudo rm on the command line.


Look at /var/log/pm-powersave.log. It will show you what your  system does as it enters and leaves suspended  state. See man pm-action and dpkg -L pm-utils. Diligent reading will show you how to add a script to the process, or simply mask one of the existing scripts. Oh, yes, read the scripts to see what's really going on.


Shortcuts doesn't work with notify-osd stopped

When you send the unstoppable SIGSTOP signal, the program is placed in a paused state with the expectation that a SIGCONT signal will be received, I believe what you are seeing is by design.

"The only circumstances in which an unstoppable signal may be deferred is if the process is in IO wait, or stuck in kernel space. Then it’s just deferred, and will be dispatched once the process leaves kernel space."

Sources:

https://superuser.com/questions/594508/whats-the-difference-between-sigkill-and-sigstop

http://blogofsiva.blogspot.com/2012/06/why-sigkill-and-sigstop-cannot-be.html

http://www.ucs.cam.ac.uk/docs/course-notes/unix-courses/Building/files/signals.pdf


Uninstall plank
To remove just plank package itself from Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) execute on terminal:sudo apt-get remove plankUninstall plank and it's dependent packages
To remove the plank package and any other dependant package which are no longer needed from Ubuntu Xenial.sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove plank
Purging plank
If you also want to delete configuration and/or data files of plank from Ubuntu Xenial then this will work:

sudo apt-get purge plank

To delete configuration and/or data files of plank and it's dependencies from Ubuntu Xenial then execute:

sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove plank

Source: Here


How to select from a list of "or" - dependencies?

You can provide multiple arguments to apt install to dictate which packages you want to install in one go - this is so automated installation scripts and such as well as users can install all the defined packages in a single go rather than trying to do it one by one by one.

The general syntax is this:

sudo apt install package1 package2 package3 package4 ...

How the various packages behave with this will vary based on the package and its dependencies.

But in the case of php its its own hell to install because in SOME cases apt is stupid when resolving the dependencies, so if you need php-cli just install it and only it:

sudo apt install php-cli

Same behavior for php-fpm too or php-cgi - just install it, it'll pull in the common dependencies it needs.


Citrix Workspace App on Ubuntu 19.04: Cannot find the file /opt/Citrix/ICAClient//config/appsrv.ini

After ...

deleting .ICAClient folder in user home
import mozillla certifcates
download the ica file and start citrix with this file

... it finally worked

Found the solution here: https://discussions.citrix.com/topic/404634-citrix-workspace-app-on-ubuntu-1904-cannot-find-the-file-optcitrixicaclientconfigappsrvini/


That appears to be an issue with the "Dash to dock" Gnome Shell extension, perhaps just in combination with your Ubuntu versions and customisations. Actually, you may then work around by using the build in Ubuntu Dock. It is based on Dash to Dock and can be configured to the same extent. Only are the settings not exposed to the user. You can still change them using dconf-editor by editing the /org/gnome/shell/extensions/dash-to-dock/ configuration settings. Alternatively, you may keep Dash to Dock installed, and set configuration in Dash to Dock. When finished, turn Dash to Dock off and turn Ubuntu Dock.
It you did install Dash to Dock through the Gnome Website, there is something else you may try. Remove the extension, then reinstall it, but this time through the software center: sudo apt install gnome-shell-extension-dashtodock. Because this version is packaged in the Universe repository by the Ubuntu developers, there is a good chance that issues with the version from the website are not there.


Cannot instal MP495 Canon on Ubuntu 14.04

Here is how I installed MP495 in Ubuntu 14.04:

Download Canon driver from their site. I downloaded cnijfilter-mp495series-3.40-1-deb.tar.gz.
Canon driver needs libtiff4. Download libtiff4 from http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/t/tiff3/. I downloaded libtiff4_3.9.7-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb.
Open a Terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T. Navigate to where the downloaded files are:

cd ~/Downloads

Install libtiff4:

sudo dpkg -i libtiff4_3.9.7-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb

Extract the tar archive:

tar zxvf mp495series-3.40-1-deb.tar.gz
cd cnijfilter-mp495series-3.40-1-deb/packages

Install Canon common package and MP495 package:

sudo dpkg -i cnijfilter-common_3.40-1_amd64.deb cnijfilter-mp495series_3.40-1_amd64.deb


Unable to boot Windows without flash drive in computer

These steps should solve your problem, taken straight from https://sites.google.com/site/easylinuxtipsproject/reserve-1

Boot problems with Windows 8, can often be solved in the following manner.

If you don't have an install DVD of Windows 8, then download a free evaluation copy of Windows 8 at Microsoft itself:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-en/evalcenter/hh699156.aspx

If you don't have a Windows Live account, you need to create one for this. It's free, and it's not necessary to fill out your real name.

Burn the iso on a DVD. That can be done in the same way as with an iso of Ubuntu.
Boot your computer from the Windows 8 DVD and select:
Repair your computer (down left, do NOT select "Install now") - Troubleshoot - Advanced options - Command Prompt
Now type the following command line (note the required space between "bootrec" and "/fixmbr"):

bootrec /fixmbr

Press Enter.

Then:

bootrec /fixboot

Press Enter.

Then:

bootrec /scanos

Press Enter.

Then:

bootrec /rebuildbcd

Press Enter. Confirm the action by typing y and press Enter again.

Remove the DVD and turn your computer off (press the hardware power button for five seconds).
Turn your computer on again and press the key for one-time boot changes. For Acer computers this key is usually F12, but this differs for each brand.
Select "Windows Boot Manager". After a short while you should be presented again with the (in)famous tiles of Windows 8.
If you have a dual boot computer, with Linux alongside Windows, then you might need to restore Grub, in order to make your Linux bootable again.


Here's a workaround:

sudo apt-get install mpg321 wmctrl

while [ 1 ]; do z=$(wmctrl -l -p | grep -i 'facebook\|miniclip'); if [ -n "$z" ]; then mpg321 myfile.mp3; fi; sleep 5; done

This will play myfile.mp3 if any open current window title matches "facebook" or "miniclip".


Just installed ubuntu 13.04 and cannot login

You may want to boot into Single User mode and reset your password from there.

Follow the steps from this link.


Creating a symlink from one folder to another with different names?

From man ln:

  By default, each destination (name of new link) should not already exist.

As you already have a directory named html, the link will be created inside /var/www/html having the name of the target i.e. project.

If you want to have a symlink /var/www/html pointing to /home/user/project then you should not have the directory html present beforehand. So, you should only have /var/www and then running the following will create the desired symlink (don't do this unless you are sure):

ln -s /home/user/project /var/www/html

Here is an example:

$ pwd
/home/user/test/askubuntu

$ ls -l
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 2 user user 4096 Mar 25 00:16 foo

$ ln -s /home/user/test/bar /home/user/test/askubuntu/foo

$ ls -l
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 2 user user 4096 Mar 25 00:17 foo

$ cd foo/
$ ls -l
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user 25 Mar 25 00:17 bar -> /home/user/test/bar

$ cd ..
$ rm -r foo/

$ ls -l
total 0

$ ln -s /home/user/test/bar /home/user/test/askubuntu/foo

$ ls -l
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user 25 Mar 25 00:18 foo -> /home/user/test/bar

And yes, you can create symlinks of hidden files.


If MATLAB is in the Ubuntu apps, does it means that its Open Source?

Are you referring to this: https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/precise/matlab-support/ ?

This app in the Ubuntu Software Centre isn't Matlab, but a package that adds the Matlab icon to the unity dash.

Matlab itself is closed source and non-free.


Installation / Uninstallation doesn't work

Try to forcely remove the packages by running the below command,

sudo dpkg --purge --force-all --force-remove-reinstreq postgresql-9.1 postgresql-9.1-postgis-2.0 postgresql-9.1-pgrouting postgresql-contrib-9.1

Then run,

sudo apt-get -f install

Any other method than dpkg --purge --force-all --force-remove-reinstreq won't work in this situation.


First of all Quantal is an end of life Ubuntu release and not supported now, So upgrade your system into any supported release .

And solution for this problem is already discusseed here, but putting a / after ubuntu in the gazebo-latest.list (i.e deb http://packages.osrfoundation.org/gazebo/ubuntu/ quantal main) should also work.

(Note: you will still get error in update because of being an unsupported release so again upgrade your system into a supported release. See  How to install software or upgrade from old unsupported release?  )


Desktop envivornment switching from unity to gnome resulted in blank background with side panel

I think the image failed to come through...

Try this in the terminal:

sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install gnome-session-fallback

as suggested in this tutorial:
http://www.howtogeek.com/189912/how-to-install-the-gnome-classic-desktop-in-ubuntu-14.04/


Install python package and it says "Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed"?

As you can see from the output, you are not the one who installed pip. Maybe you should change to another account to use pip. Or use sudo to promote permission.


A file can only have one group
Only the owner of the file can do that.

$ sudo touch ~/tmp/test
$ sudo chown root:aboettger ~/tmp/test
$ ls -la ~/tmp/test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root aboettger 853 Jun 19 08:26 /home/aboettger/tmp/test
$ chmod g-w ~/tmp/test
chmod: changing permissions of 'test': Operation not permitted

You have rwx access rights

And you should read this. ;)


What is the meaning of ${GZIP_BINDIR-'/bin'} in bash?

${GZIP_BINDIR-'/bin'} is a bash parameter expansion pattern. From man bash:

${parameter:-word}
              Use Default Values.  If parameter is unset or null,
the expansion of word is substituted.  Otherwise, the  value  of parameter
is substituted.

Immediately prior to this portion man page has (thanks to @jwodder for notifying):

Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.

As the manpage says, it will set the default value of the variable GZIP_BINDIR. If GZIP_BINDIR has a value previously set (other than null as you are not using :) then that value will be used, otherwise /bin will be used as the value of the variable GZIP_BINDIR.

On the other hand if you want to test for null values too, use this pattern (include :):

${GZIP_BINDIR:-'/bin'}

After that the $PATH will be expanded to the values it was holding before. So, if PATH previously had:

/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

Now your PATH will be (considering GZIP_BINDIR is not set):

/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

export PATH will make this PATH available to all the child processes.


How can I configure an edge trigger on click?

It should work. In ccsm->commands I bound a custom command to [mouse icon] TopEdge|Button3 and it works.
I do this in Lucid (compiz 0.8.4 vs compiz 0.9.4). The newer compiz is known to be buggy, to downgrade read on here. If not definitely file a bug in launchpad (ubuntu-bug compiz).


Can't run binary executable from terminal

The only currently supported version of Ubuntu where libmagickwand5 is available is 14.04 (supported until April 2019), so installing it is one possible solution.


RecordMyDesktop exited with status 3204: Cannot connect to X Server

I'm not sure but the value for Misc -> Display might be the problem. You could try setting the appropriate value for the display you're trying to record.

This link should help you to check the available displays; with command:

w -hs | awk '{print $3}' | sort -u

For me the default value works which is :0.0


The logrotate configuration file /etc/logrotate.d/squid3 is already part of the squid3 package.

Edit this file to your needs.

E.g. set rotate 7 to preserve 7 rotated versions of the log file.

See also: man 8 logrotate


How do I remove apache installed with make install and use apache from the repositories?

dpkg, apt-get et. al., don't know about the files in the httpd-2.2.22 package, so they can't get rid of them.

Go back to the source directory, and see if make uninstall will do the trick. If not, or if you no longer have the source, there's a more complicated way.

Install the installwatch program, part of the checkinstall package (sudo apt-get install checkinstall).

If necessary, re-fetch the source, re-configure it the same as before, and rebuild it. If you still have the source directory you installed from, you can skip this step.

Then, installwatch -o installwatch.log sudo make install will generate a list of all the files the make install installed. These are the files you need to delete to erase the manual httpd-2.2.22 install.


In the issue from valve's steam for linux there's the link provided which works:

http --download http://repo.steampowered.com/steam/pool/steam/s/steam/steam-launcher_1.0.0.48_all.deb

Be careful when installing third-party deb package, as they can harm your system. repo.steampowered.com is owned by Valve, hence it should be fine.


How to send the DHCP server a different hostname?(connecting to wifi with a fake computer name)

hostname newname will temporarily change your host name till the next reboot. Its the closest thing to what you want, but definitely not what you need:

Things to note - your router may cache the old host name, so it might not help at all, depending on what you're really trying to do - but fabby's answer covers that in detail.


Why does my system constantly freeze/jitter when I access my NTFS external hard drive?

Apparently SMART Data is not available from your external 4TB HDD. So we're a little blind to the problem... but we'll approach it a different way.

backup any important data from the 4TB HDD
boot into Windows
open a command window in admin mode
assuming that the 4TB drive appears as drive E: (adjust if need be):

chkdsk /f E: # check file structure
chkdsk /r E: # bad block the drive, do NOT abort this, this will take MANY hours

reboot into Ubuntu and retest the drive and see if it still stutters/etc.

If the problem still occurs...

Assuming that the drive appears as /dev/sdc (adjust if need be):

start gparted
select /dev/sdc (or whatever the correct drive is... be carefull)
in the Devices menu, select to lay down a fresh GPT partition table (THIS WILL WIPE THE DRIVE)
create a new NTFS or ext4 partition

use NTFS if you wish to share files between Windows and Ubuntu
use ext4 if you only wish to use the HDD in Ubuntu

retest again, looking for stutters/etc.

Postnote:

check for firmware updates for your Samsung SSD 970 EVO Plus 500GB
go to the Samsung web site and download their Samsung Magician software to check this

Update #1:

Part 2 of my answer is what solved the problem. A fresh GPT partition table, and a fresh new ntfs partition.


How do I set up wine to play steam games?

When using winecfg you can create a virtual desktop and simply let steam create the shortcut for you, if that's the desired behavior.

For specific information about your game and wine setup please refer to the wine appdb entry for steam.
Bugs and issues are maintained by the community so you can check often to see if there's anything fixed in new wine versions or more known bugs and workarounds for the latest steam.


Connection failed issue during sudo apt update

Your network is OK. I think there is problem with your repositories.

Go to Additional drivers and go to Other software tab. And de-select any suspicious repositories and then try updating.


Why do I have to install apache2-utils when installing node.js?

The name apache2-utils is misleading. It is not a part of the Apache server. Apache just depends on stuff that you can find in this package. As it turns out, the compiler (or node itself) depends on the same utilities.

This means, that after the compilation and installation of node apache2-utils can be safely removed via sudo apt-get remove apache-2utils. This applies to the other packages aswell. However I don't recommend removing any of the packages. You will likely want to recompile node as soon as there's a new version.

tl;dr You're doing nothing wrong, when installing apache2-utils. It is a package of utilities, needed for compiling node. You can remove it after compilation.


2019: Where are MTP mounted devices located in the filesystem?

You have the necessary packages installed to be able to access MTP devices through Nautilus but I think you do not have the gvfs-fuse package installed.

If you install the gvfs-fuse package, when an MTP device is mounted in Nautilus you can also access it with programs not using gvfs by this path: /run/user/$UID/gvfs/mtp:host=smartphone_hostname/

Until you have the gvfs-fuse package installed, /run/user/$UID/gvfs/ will remain empty.


The package you are looking for is called libopenssl-ruby1.8, which has been discontinued with the current version of Ubuntu in favor of libruby1.8, which includes the desired package along with several others.


It seems to work fine with /etc/ssh/sshrc file. It was my fault, because I had a script execution in this file, and that script did not have necessary permissions. Setting permissions to execute by other users solved the issue.


How to mount drive in /media/userName/ like nautilus does using udisks

The accepted answer does not really answer the question, namely how to mount and unmount hard drives using udisks like Nautilus does when clicking on a disk. The command you are looking for is udiskctl.

It's super easy, and also works with encrypted disks!

Mounting (encrypted disk):

Unlock the disk:

$ udisksctl unlock -b /dev/sdb1
Unlocked /dev/sdb1 as /dev/dm-3.

Take note of the location of the unlocked device (here /dev/dm-3). Then mount it automatically:

$ udisksctl mount -b /dev/dm-3
Mounted /dev/dm-3 at /media/jmiserez/samsung1000.

Unmounting (encrypted disk):

$ udisksctl unmount -b /dev/dm-3
Unmounted /dev/dm-3.
$ udisksctl lock -b /dev/sdb1
Locked /dev/sdb1.

For unencrypted disks, just leave out the lock/unlock command in the beginning and end.


Problems with Netflix-App after upgrading to 13.04

I found a way to solve this issues, by using the information on this website.

It worked for me! But please be aware I am a newbie at Ubuntu so do it at your own risk!

Remove recursively directory and it's content from ~/.wine-browser:

rm -Rf ~/.wine-browser

Uninstall and purge netflix-desktop:

sudo apt-get purge netflix-desktop

I'm assuming you've added the PPA repository, if not:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ehoover/compholio
sudo apt-get update

Install netflix-desktop:

sudo apt-get install netflix-desktop

When you run netflix-desktop application. it will ask to install moonlight and wine gecko say 'yes' to both and Presto! Netflix is back! No more update requirements.

It also seems to be working after I log out and come back or reboot. I am not a programmer nor an experience Linux user but I am guessing it has to do with patching Netflix App, Monolight and Gecko Wine installer.


Separating OS and user data to different disks

First question: is this a bad idea?

The goal is good, and the plan is mostly good...

Moving /home to a different partition is an excellent (in fact, recommended) idea for the very "I need to re-install Ubuntu at any time" reason.  I can think why Ubuntu insists on putting /home in the / partition, but it might offend delicate sensibilities.

  but I'd like to also move /usr also to move all my user installed software.

Locally installed s/w lives in /usr/local and /opt.  Everything else in /usr is (should be) controlled by Ubuntu.

Thus, I'd create a:

small partition on the 1TB drive to mount /usr/local,
another small partition for /opt, and
a "rest of the disk" partition for /home.


Evoution fails to open since latest 16.04 update

I had this problem too (Evolution offline after 16.04 update), but the suggestion in
 https://help.gnome.org/users/evolution/3.16/offline.html.en , ie. to run

GIO_USE_NETWORK_MONITOR=base evolution

in a terminal window, with Evolution not running, worked.


How do I enable Video Chat in Empathy for MSN and Yahoo?

According to the Empathy FAQ it only works with certain protocols:

  Currently for SIP/XMPP/Gtalk. MSN support is currently broken due to change Microsoft has done to their server, see this blog post for more detail.


Why does Odoo show: OSError: [Errno 98] Address already in use?

This usually happens when the openerp-service is already running. You should be able to find any running instance with the following command:
ps aux | grep openerp

If there is a running instance, you’ll see its PID and, with that, you can terminate the process.
If Odoo continues to report Errno 98, then you will need to change the default port the service runs on to something like 7654.


Can't find "Documents on {username}'s iPad" in 12.04 with an iPad mini

Looks like you should reinstall libmobiledevice again. "Documents on [user] iPad" reappears after rebooting the ipad.


./ and bash doesn't work now, getting NO such file or directory

You need to download the gz file and not the aspx which is just the webpage that contains the download.
wget 'https://download.brother.com/welcome/dlf006893/linux-brprinter-installer-2.2.2-2.gz'

unzip the file and make it executable:
gunzip *.gz
chmod +x linux-brprinter-installer*

run the file:
sudo ./linux-brprinter-installer-2.2.2-2

The only other answer would be that you are running on ARM or something that is not amd64 or i386 which is required.


There is a similar question on the unix exchange, let's check the most detailed answer: https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/224348/375560

Hope it will help.


It sounds like your command is producing output to standard error rather than standard output. Try using the 2>&1 modifier on your shell command.

#!/bin/bash
player_status="$(playerctl -l 2>&1)"

The modifier means "send standard error to standard output."


How to install and use AwesomeWM alongside Unity?

Simply type the following in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install awesome

LightDM automatically adds an entry for awesome on installation, so you will be able to start an awesome session from the login screen.


Mousepad doesn't reactive with touchpad-indicator

Two weeks have passed with little activity. I quickly decided that this must be a bug which I filled here. Let's hope it helps. As of March 2nd, the status is still undecided.


Nvidia settings not working after system update

I suppose your ubuntu update also included some kernel upgrades, you know new linux-headers, new linux-image and so on. If that is what happened then all you need to do is to reinstall nvidia drivers to match your new kernel configuration. This is one of the most common issues when performing ubuntu updates and kernel upgrades after a fresh install.


I have just installed and updated Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and I can't get my Broadcom 4311 wifi to turn on

Please open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

Detach the ethernet, reboot and tell us if it's working as expected.


I know exactly what you mean about this. I struggled to figure it out myself for several hours before I figured this out:

operator {
    name = "root"; //Log in to oper with the name root
    user = "*@192.168.*.*";  //Allow oper from any username on the local network
    password = "YqvbpMDkkEhyY"; //hello encoded with /usr/bin/mkpasswd

    ...
};

With that config, you would use oper like this:

/oper (name) (password)
/oper root hello

If you get:

Only few of mere mortals may try to enter the twilight zone

Check to make sure that you are using the right name in the /oper command and the user field is including your client.

Also make sure you don't forget a semi-colon... It will not tell you, just give you the normal Password Incorrect response.


Postfix and Spamassassin don't start on boot after Ubuntu 16.04 upgrade

Solved: The missing piece was

systemctl enable spamassassin.service


Creating folders on an ext2 unjournaled drive

When you plug in the USB drive, the filesystem should be mounted (made useable) in a folder under /media/[whatever your username is]. In 12.04 (and earlier), it's just a folder in /media.

If it is not mounted there automatically, mount it with sudo mount /dev/sdXY /path/to/mountpoint where /dev/sdXY is the partition name and /path/to/mountpoint is a convenient empty folder. To make an empty folder in /media, create a new one with sudo mkdir /media/mountpoint && sudo chown -R $USER /media/mountpoint.


How to install Ubuntu on computer with no operating system?

Insert the live disk. Go into bios boot menu by pressing the key it says you have to press at the first screen you see. Now select the dvd drive; it may be called optical something or dvd drive. You should load Ubuntu. If that doesn't work, create another dvd. Make sure you burn the image. If you copy and paste, it won't work.


This will do the job:
Firstly, run the following command in the terminal to create and edit a shell script file in your home directory:
nano ~/SweetDreams.sh

Secondly, copy and paste the following code into the editor, replace USERNAME with your username and save it by pressing Ctrl + X then press Y then press Enter :
#!/bin/bash

x=1

while [ $x -le 1 ]

do

        echo "Sleeping" | tee -a  /home/USERNAME/SweetDreams.log

        sleep 40

        echo "Waking" | tee -a  /home/USERNAME/SweetDreams.log

        x=$(( $x + 1 ))

done

Modify the wait time by changing the 40 after sleep. This time is
in seconds.

Thirdly, make the shell script file executable by running the following command in the terminal:
chmod +x ~/SweetDreams.sh

Fourthly, create and edit a custom systemd service to run the shell script at boot by running the following command in the terminal:
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/SweetDreams.service

Fifthly, copy and paste the following code into the editor, replace USERNAME with your username and save it by pressing Ctrl + X then press Y then press Enter :
[Unit]
Description=Sweet Dreams
Before=gdm.service

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/home/USERNAME/SweetDreams.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Sixthly, start the service by running the following command in the terminal:
sudo systemctl start SweetDreams

Seventhly, enable the service by running the following command in the terminal:
sudo systemctl enable SweetDreams

Finally, reboot your system.

If for any reason you want to undo this solution, please run the following commands in the terminal one after the other in the same sequence below:

sudo systemctl stop SweetDreams
sudo systemctl disable SweetDreams
sudo rm /etc/systemd/system/SweetDreams.service
rm ~/SweetDreams.sh
sudo rm ~/SweetDreams.log

Short explaination:
Plymouth is made to wait for system services. The above SweetDreams
service will force plymouth to wait for any period of time you choose.
Problem solved.


How to make Ubuntu 18.04 Dock look like 16.04?

Ubuntu 16.04 uses the Unity Desktop Environment, whereas 18.04 currently uses Gnome 3.28.1. To install Unity on Ubuntu 18.04, open terminal and type sudo apt update && sudo apt install ubuntu-unity-desktop. You will be given a choice between display managers. LightDM is the Default Display manager for the Unity desktop, but either choice should work.

Take a look at this link for a detailed explanation. Also look at NoobsLab If you want the dock icons changed without installing an entire Desktop Environment. Various Gnome Shell Extentions such as Dash to Dock also allow for lots of customization.


Where does Gnome keep track of window size to use when starting applications?

In the case of the gnome-terminal app, there is a setting for that in the user profile (preferences):
Gnome-terminal window
  > Hamburger menu button
    > Preferences
      > "Preferences" window > sidebar > current profile (marked by checkmark)
        > "Text" tab > "Text appearance" section
          > "Initial terminal size" form group

Beyond this setting, it is also interesting whether the window shows up in the center of the screen, or or somewhat to the left, or entirely to the left... In the case of gnome-terminal, I don't know where that is regulated.
Impact by Gnome Tweaks
The Gnome Tweaks app offers a setting to start every window at the center of the screen:
> Tweaks app
  > "Windows" sidebar item
    > "Center New Windows" toggle

Digging in gsettings
If you install dconf-editor, you can find numerous cases where the window position is stored in specific apps' gsettings schema.
sudo apt install dconf-editor

Then use the app's search feature: window-position related settings seem to come under the names of window-position, window-state, and window-ratio. So an useful search term in dconf is just window-.


Route all internet traffic through specific interface

To answer my own question - Netmask needs to be 255.255.0.0 on the ethernet.


How do I change the speed of the app drawer appearing?

Things look and feel different as Ubuntu 17.10 comes with GNOME shell instead of Unity like before.

To change the app-drawer animation speed you may use a GNOME shell extension called "Impatience" from here. It provides the option to speed up/down GNOME shell animations.

Once installed and activated, reload the page and you'll see a settings icon. Click on it and you'll get a pop-up window which lets you change the animation speed.


Symbol lookup error: /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libQtOpenGL.so.4: undefined symbol: _ZNK14QWidgetPrivate17hasHeightForWidthEv

The problem is for nVidia optimus driver

Skype 4.2 in Ubuntu 13.04 won't open in nVidia Optimus Laptops

Open the link and enjoy not even a restart is needed

Steps:

Open a terminal and type sudo nano /etc/ld.so.conf.d/skype.conf
Add the code /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa/ in the next console window, and press ctrl+x to exit, when prompted enter y to say yes
And finally run sudo ldconfig -v


You could use an expect script.

using "autoexpect -P " the script will be generated automatically as you go through it.

However you actually have to run the command and go through it first to generate the script.


Terribly slow WiFi connection; was perfectly fine on Win 8.1

Did you follow the general fixes like disabling ipV6, 8011n and power management. ?

If not read this post

Unfortunately WiFi issue is most commonly encountered in Ubuntu. But there are guidelines to fix it. And you should find them in the above link


Run python script in virtual environment on startup

you have to change the .sh-file to :

    #!/usr/bin/env bash
    sleep 10
    cd /home/user/environment
    /usr/bin/python3 main.py
    bash

you miss a slash before bin/python3 , and python is not installed on the /bin directory , it is installed at /usr/bin directory

    $ whereis python3
    python3: /usr/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python3.8-config /usr/bin/python3 /usr/lib/python3.8 /usr/lib/python3.6 /usr/lib/python3 /etc/python3.8 /etc/python3.6 /etc/python3 /usr/local/lib/python3.8 /usr/local/lib/python3.6 /usr/include/python3.8 /usr/share/python3 /usr/share/man/man1/python3.1.gz


How to re-add the 'Home Folder' launcher item?

The "Home Folder" icon is actually a shortcut to Nautilus. To get it back:

Press Alt+F2 and run nautilus.
Right-click on the Home Folder icon in the launcher and check Keep in Launcher.
Drag the icon back up to the top of the launcher. (Hint: Drag it to the right first, otherwise the launcher will just scroll.)


In ubuntu 15.04 ,wired and wireless are not connected after running sudo apt-get purgr network-manager-gnome network manager

This can be fixed by installing packages back

sudo apt-get install network-manager-gnome network-manager

This probably will not work without internet connection.

If you are new to Ubuntu, it will be not easy for you to setup networking manually.

I suggest re-installing the system and be more careful in the future with running commands in terminal that you do not know.


Is it possible to set Totem as frontend for Xine?

Totem can no longer be used as a front-end for Xine, and going forward will probably be even more tightly tied to Gstreamer.

Xine is not as popular as it once was (in fact, it's pretty much dead), so finding a "modern" GUI for Xine is essentially impossible, unless someone writes a new one. I would suggest sticking with VLC, or Gnome-Mplayer.

Unfortunately your options, though varied, will not offer much of anything new and exciting, so to speak.


I see you are using LVM partitions.

df command never shows swap partitions because they are not a file system partition.
You can check your existing Logical Volumes with lvs command and check your device mapper (dm-X) devices witch ls -l /dev/mapper/ or dmsetup ls


Read man 3 syslog;man logger to understand the facility and priority concepts. Play with logger.

I finally tracked down this which has Unix/Linux Lore about the "-" in it! It says, in part:

What's that dash in front of the filename? It's not documented in the man page, but it turns out to mean "Don't sync after every write to the file". Except that rsyslogd won't sync anyway, unless you add a special directive in the Global Directives section. So for most people, a dash makes no difference one way or the other -- it will be ignored.

So why is it there in the file, especially since the man page doesn't even document it? I have no idea; probably no one from the various distros has audited these files for years.


It is called terminal.

You can launch your terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T or search from dash by pressing Meta/Super/Windows button and type terminal.

If you're using Gnome, Terminal is probably under Accessories in your Application menu, or you can also try Alt F2 to bring up a launcher widget into which you can type "t-e-r-m-i..." to see all the terminal options.

Basic command line.

Enjoy your command line !


sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-generic linux-image

Try this in the terminal of one of your functional kernels. Then reboot and choose the newest option in Grub.

If that doesn't work, I'd grab your live-cd, and either reinstall completely, or, chroot into your install and try to re-install things that way.


The first user won't be root. The first user will have sudo permissions.
So just install Ubuntu and you'll have exactly what you wanted.

The root user will be created behind the scene, but root login will be disabled.


How to run a bash script after 20 sec on Login?

A simple way of doing that is to add those lines to rc.local in your system.

For that you need root or sudo rights. You can edit the file with your favourite text editor, eg vim:

vim /etc/rc.local

(sleep 20
echo 'cpu limit bomi player at 40%'
cpulimit -v -e bomi -l 40) &

The first line tells the the computer to wait 20 seconds, the other 2 lines are from your script and the & at the end tells the computer to run that in a sub shell so that your computer does not wait for the function to end and will continue with boot.

You should add those lines anywhere before the exit 0 call at the end of that script since that will make it exit and ignore any lines after that.


Best way to upgrade Ubuntu 18.04 LTS to 20.04 LTS today?

Ubuntu is not Debian (despite how many of treat it as if it is; myself included).

Ubuntu tools very much rely on python, more so than Debian. As such there is more critical issues with python packages in Ubuntu than in Debian.

Ubuntu tools ensure upgrades occur in an order that won't create issues, and have been tested for this (such as ensuring python is upgraded at the right time) which the Debian upgrade method (changing sources and then a dist-upgrade) does not.  I'm using that as example.

It also has other pitfalls mitigated, eg. if you're using a terminal on a GUI, and screensaver kicks in during the dist-upgrade setup in your question, you may have lost access to your terminal if screensaver had activated due to timeout unless you disabled it before hand (but you knew that of course and wouldn't have been caught out). The update-manager Ubuntu tool does that for you (unless you've heavily modified your environment beyond what it caters for).

If you want the best method to upgrade, refer to the release notes for the release you want to move to, in this case Ubuntu 20.04 LTS or https://wiki.ubuntu.com/FocalFossa/ReleaseNotes

It has a section titled "Upgrading from Ubuntu 18.04 LTS or 19.10" which contains the instructions that were well tested, and any problems encountered by testers have been documented (in the release notes if critical enough, otherwise on bug reports on launchpad but you'll be very unlikely to hit any of these).

FYI: Is the debian method still used, yep. Used it myself about 36 hours after 20.04's release to bump myself to 20.10 on this box; but I only had ~six packages to peruse and look for potential pitfalls, and since most were just text files containing the release name(s) etc I decided in my case it wasn't a problem.  If you're capable of doing this evaluation, then by all means use it, but a bump from 18.04 to 20.04 will contain more than my ~six packages, and will contain many critical packages where my upgrade had none.

This answer is general in nature; my chosen examples are just that - examples and incomplete & simplified.

Ubuntu 20.04.1 Release date

Also note the scheduled date Thursday 23-July-2020 date is for the release of the 20.04.1 ISO (for new installs), the taps to allow installed systems to upgrade is unlikely to occur until the following Monday-Tuesday (even Wednesday..) and if issues occur with new installs that tap turn date is likely to pushed back a little longer, so don't lock on expecting it on that date.


Problems with installing Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (grub)

I had a same problem. Most likely you are missing ESP partition on your first drive.

-Start install again

-Chose "something else" option when prompted

-Resize your sda1 partition and mount it as root

-Make new partition of 100-200Mb and for type select ESP

This should solve your problem.


Ubuntu 16.04.01 LTS: How to show scancodes?

showkey --scancodes works if you run it from a console window, which you can open via Ctrl+Alt+F1. (Use Ctrl+Alt+F7 to close it afterwards.)


I deleted a built-in folder in my home folder. How do I get it back?

The entry in ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs should be XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads", not XDG_DOWNLOADS.... The folder should get recreated on logout/login.


Sudoers permission without loging in as root

In Ubuntu, you generally never log in as root directly - especially you do not start an X session as root. Also, by default root password is not set/unknown so you can't log in directly as root.

The initial user created during Ubuntu installation has an ability to "sudo" - i.e.

sudo apt-get update

sudo then asks you for YOUR password, not root password.

In a terminal session, if you want to execute many commands as root (or maybe even start some graphical programs as root), you type

sudo su

and again enter YOUR password. This will start a root terminal session.

The "original" Ubuntu user can make other users "admins" so they can execute commands as root too.

Does it solve your problem?


Based on your comments:

Realize that su, unless run from as root, requires you to provide the password of the user to su to.  The reason sudo ./test.sh works is, you are running test.sh as root! (sudo defaults to root if you don't give it a -u  switch.

So if you want the script to be able to su to another user it must be run as root (don't do this).

Why not just use "sudo -u pat" within the script, instead of "su pat -c"?


What happened to the Leadership Code of Conduct?

As of the Ubuntu Code of Conduct v2.0, there is no longer a separate Leadership Code of Conduct. Instead, CoC 2.0 covers both.

  Over the past two cycles the Community Council has put in a great deal
  of effort to merge the original Code of Conduct with the very
  important Leadership Code of Conduct so that the document more clearly
  communicates the guiding principals the community has. That work has
  involved two in-person sessions; one at UDS-Q and one at UDS-R. It has
  also involved two drafts being shared with the community in an effort
  to seek feedback. Every effort was made to clear up ambigous language
  or phrases that posed difficulty to translations.

— Charles Profitt, "CoC Version 2.0 has been released" (official mailing list for Ubuntu News Team)

So now, the one CoC includes the expectations for leadership. And agreeing to CoC 2.0 corresponds to what was formerly achieved by agreeing both to CoC 1.1 and the Leadership CoC.

It makes sense that they are both collapsed into one as, after all, there are numerous opportunities for both participation and leadership in the Ubuntu community, most of which require no formal recognition (though some leadership positions are official, as always). CoC 2.0 makes this clear too:

  We all lead by example, in debate and in action. We encourage new
  participants to feel empowered to lead, to take action, and to
  experiment when they feel innovation could improve the project.
  Leadership can be exercised by anyone simply by taking action, there
  is no need to wait for recognition when the opportunity to lead
  presents itself.

— Ubuntu Code of Conduct v2.0


The Ubuntu Software Center was discontinued after 16.04. The default software application is now Gnome Software.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install gnome-software


How can I fix broken i915 drivers for Intel GPUs?

Try turning off the bootloader graphics. Run this command in a Terminal window:

gksudo xdiagnose

Click the checkbox labeled "Disable bootloader graphics", hit Apply, then reboot.

If you want to report a bug on this, I'd suggest turning on the graphics debug messages (first checkbox above), reproducing the bug, and then collecting the output of dmesg.

Beyond that, see http://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Troubleshooting/BlankScreen for other common ways to diagnose these types of issues.  I also have a more in-depth explanation of what happens to cause blank / black screens written up there, if you really want to know what's going on.


What is the purpose of the Ubuntu One folder?

I think that the Ubuntu One folder has two purposes:

1) as you already says, there is a sub-folder to share stuff with others

2) the first time you install U1, and you have 5GB of free space to use, there is at least one folder ready for the syncing without knowing nothing about the U1 system


How to make a window normal size with the keyboard in Unity?

As far as I know that isn't possible in 10.10's Unity. In 11.04, you can switch between those windows using the arrow keys and hitting enter.


Audacity

Audacity will do wonderfully here. It is in the Ubuntu repos. Adjust the input level before recording; after recording, do a "normalize" and export to mp3 or whatever you need.


For openfire, you can try:

update-rc.d openfire defaults

For redmine, please read http://www.redmine.org/boards/1/topics/9334


Can I run a 12.04 64-bit server with only 1GB RAM?

The server guide lists the minimum requirement as 128 megabytes for all architectures. I don't see any reason why 1GB wouldn't be fine.

However, that's just the installation. How much RAM you should have to run a particular workload depends on what that workload is.


How to alias pip to pip3 while using sudo for a specific user?

sudo resets environment with secure path, so you don't get user environments when using sudo command. You can use sudo python3 -m ModuleName to run a module with python3, for example

arryph@localhost:~$ sudo python3 -m pip --version
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (python 3.5)


Try to Restore BIOS to the default settings.

Press F2 repeatedly when the Lenovo logo appears on the screen, then F9 Restore to the default settings.

Here's the Lenovo 14w user guide if you want to try updating your BIOS to the latest version

try to adjust lm-senors and fancontrol parameters following this guide:

How to control fan speed?

Run :

fwts fan

to check and test fan status, or as How do I know my fan is working in Ubuntu

Finally you can check The thinkfan software is available in the standard ubuntu software repositories, but it does require a few steps to configure.

How to control fan speed?


If you have a usb thumb drive, you can use penndrivelinux from windows to make it bootable with an applicable distribution.  From there you can fix it using boot-repair.

Please see:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

http://www.pendrivelinux.com/


There is nothing wrong. The command shows all mounted devices.

/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root is mounted in /, your root filesystem and /dev/sda1 is mounted in /boot via the configuration in your /etc/fstab.

And there is one external drive, with the partitions sdb1 and sdb6, mounted in /media/david. One per UUID a8113041-28ca-4898-b36f-33c9c0f492f4 and one by partition name or device name My Passport via udev rules.


How to make XFCE reserve space for panel on the right monitor?

For anyone looking into this problem, unfortunately this appears to be (a long standing) bug in xfce: https://bugzilla.xfce.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9693. Also see my thread on the xfce forums that describe the same issue: https://forum.xfce.org/viewtopic.php?id=8802


so, it seems, that it was just onetime show, maybe some kind of firsttime initialization of raid, after few hours of running is CPU load OK, deeply under 1.00


Do I need a better graphics card for 11.10?

It's true Sandy Bridge graphics are fairly new and some kinks are still needing to be worked out, but in oneiric it is considered "stable", so it should work.  Bad news is sounds like you found a bug.  Good news is since Sandy Bridge is still new, bug reports on it tend to get high priority from Intel (if they're well written).

Easiest thing to do is file a bug report ('ubuntu-bug xorg').  If you don't get a reply within a few days give me a ping.

If you do want to solve the problem via getting a new video card, I typically recommend AMD Radeon cards these days.  R500 have been very well debugged, but the R600/R700 cards are quite good and probably easier to find in stores.  If you go with R600 or newer you have the choice of two drivers - open source -ati, or proprietary -fglrx.  A comprehensive listing of features supported by the various radeon chips is at:  http://www.x.org/wiki/RadeonFeature


Removing Lubuntu Splash screen from Unity/Gnome on Ubuntu 12.04

The boot splash screen is provided by the plymouth program, with the default theme set using the packaging system's alternatives system.

There are two ways you can change back to the default splash screen:

Configure the alternatives:

sudo update-alternatives --config default.plymouth
sudo update-alternatives --config text.plymouth

Uninstall the theme packages from the other Ubuntu variants.  Ones to look for based on what you've described include:

plymouth-theme-kubuntu-logo
plymouth-theme-kubuntu-text
plymouth-theme-lubuntu-logo
plymouth-theme-lubuntu-text

When removing these, be careful to check whether removing the package will cause anything else you care about to be removed.


How to turn off screen (headless installation)

I guess Ubuntu server means we are talking console only. Check the manpage to setterm and try the following command:

setterm --powersave powerdown


Cut WHOLE folder if it contains .jpg files

Try Find.  Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

find /Existing_folder/*.jpg -type f -exec mv -iv \{} /New_Location \;

This will move all the .JPG files to a new location, verify that they were moved, and that's it.


JAVA_HOME variable shows a blank line on the terminal

The ~/.bashrc file is read once every time a new interactive non-login shell is started. In other words, every time you open a new terminal or just run bash in an already opened terminal. So any changes you have made there won't take effect until you open a new terminal to start a new bash session.

Alternatively, you can source the file in your current session with:

. ~/.bashrc

That said, never open files with sudo unless necessary and it is never necessary for ~/.bashrc. Make sure the file still belongs to your user (ls -l ~/.bashrc), change ownership if needed (chown swdon:swdon ~/.bashrc) and get into the habit of never using sudo unless you know it is necessary.


I did this when my windows 8 was wiped.  Just go to the store and serch unetbootin.  Download it and find ur iso to burn onto the usb.  if u have any questions just ask.
thx


Sometimes, wireless gets disconnected because of settings in the router. First, most routers are set by default to the lowest common denominators including WPA and WPA2 auto-select, AES and TKIP auto-select and, worse of all, auto channel select. Here is a very interesting thread about auto channel select and why it doesn’t work at all well: https://superuser.com/questions/1311149/why-do-wifi-routers-do-such-a-bad-job-of-channel-selection

First, check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

sudo nano /etc/default/crda

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

After rebooting the router and the computer, please tell us if there is any improvement.


InCD uses the UDF 2.5 file system which is supported by default. You should be able to access it just like any other CD. However, it seems InCD has the possibility of using a technology called SecurDisk, which probably isn't supported. There is a program that allows you to read SecurDisk CDs but it is for Windows. You could try to run it under wine.