Mouse cursor turned into a "thick plus", cannot click but mouse can move

import is the command to create a screenshot, provided by the ImageMagick tool suite.

When you run

import something

as shell command, it will show you a crosshair cursor to select a rectangular area of the screen for capturing, and then save that as file something.

Now you pressed Ctrl+Z, which is the shortcut for freezing a process and returning to the command prompt in Bash. So import is still "running" (not exactly - it's frozen, but still existing) and didn't get a chance to exit or return control over the mouse and screen.

You have to continue the import process by e.g. thawing it and getting it back to the foreground of the shell using the fg Bash command. It will probably exit immediately then, otherwise you can terminate it with Ctrl+C.

Alternatively, you could also just kill the process by closing the parent terminal window/Bash session or using a command like killall -KILL import.


The shortcut keys for cut, copy, and paste don't work in some applications

Each application is independently responsible for binding keystrokes to specific operations.  While there are conventions (e.g. Ctrl+C is sometimes copy), sometimes different choices are made (e.g. Ctrl+C is sometimes EOT (end of text)).

Applications that are made for a given desktop environment (e.g. gedit Text Editor for GNOME) are very likely to inherit keybindings for that environment, but applications that use different frameworks (e.g. Netbeans for GNOME) are less likely to do so, although some conventions may be followed (i.e. Ctrl+C is copy for both gedit and Netbeans).

Some applications or frameworks may support additional keysyms (like XF86Copy for copy in gedit Text Editor (usually a dedicated Copy on the keyboard), whereas others will not (Netbeans ignores XF86Copy).  If you have customised keymappings, or complex input devices with special signals (like Copy), you may need to configure support separately in separate applications.

If a specific application does not support some key, and does not offer a way to configure a keybinding for that key, please file a bug requesting support for the appropriate keybinding.

If a specific application does not support some key, and does offer a way to configure a keybinding for that key, consider opening a bug to modify the default configuration to support that key, if you believe this would be a common keybinding, to be expected by default.

If you have specialised input needs (you do not believe that others will want this keybinding), and the application does not offer a means to configure the keybindings, you might open a bug requesting support for configurable keybindings.


Can not boot into Windows 7 after installing Ubuntu 12.04

You're problem, if it is like mine, requires a more simple solution.
If you get the grub loader menu and it shows Windows 7 but when
you select that it does not boot, select the line for the system
you want to boot and press 'e' on the grub menu.  This will bring
you to an entry something like as follows:

insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
Set root = '(hdx, msdosx)'

You usually don't need to worry about the other lines that follow so I've not included them here. Edit the x value so that sdb is hd1 or sda is hd0, for example-get those numbers to match yours.  Edit the msdosx value to match yours as well, but the partition number, unlike the disk number starts with 1; not 0.


SSH access failure from Ubuntu to Windows XP FreeSSHd

As AbdulKadir just wrote me in the comment above, all what I needed is to add a user with a password on FreeSSHd. That way I am able to access finally Windows with SSH.


Did the update install?

There are lots of reasons why a kernel update would refuse to install, perhaps your machine is blacklisted because of known issues.

To find out what kernels you have installed, use this command:

ls /lib/modules/

To find out which one you're using, use this command:

uname -r

When you boot, you can press [Esc] to get the grub menu, what does the grub menu show. You can select any of the installed kernels from this list too. You can show this list while booted like so:

cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep echo

If it's not there and it's not installed, attempt to install it from the command line:

sudo apt-get install linux-image-2.6.32-25-generic

If the version is installed, but not listed, then you might have a configuration issue, and you should be able to run this to fix it:

sudo update-grub2


How to update the graphics driver in Ubuntu 14.04?

In the Dash home ,type Additional Drivers ,  it opens softwares and updates windows , now select additional drivers tab , it shows up the drivers you can update to click update and your drivers get updated


Replacing Windows Vista with Ubuntu Desktop 12.04.02

Some older machines do not 'honor' the boot order settings.

Keep trying, and try the 'manual boot' method of choosing the boot device. This usually resolves the problem.

I strongly suggest using a 2GB USB device as the install media.

See: How do I burn the Ubuntu ISO to a CD?

Basically, when 12.10 was released, it no longer would fit on a CD (without some non-standard compression / format workaround). And, 12.04.2 in newer still.

Note: On my PC the ubuntu-12.04.02-desktop-i386.iso file is 727.0 MB. It may be the platform / file structure you have it stored on, or it could be corrupt.


Expanding space of a partition containing bootloader with gparted - how do I move the free space so that it safely can be done?

The unallocated space can be used for sda3.  The process involves moving the sda3 partition to the left into the unallocated space and growing it to the right.  Note that this process can take a very long time (many hours to days) since it involves moving over 15 GiB of data.

Before doing this, first ensure that you have a backup of all your information.  Also be sure to have bootable media standing by in case you need to restore the ability to boot.  See the GParted FAQ if your system fails to boot after moving a partition.


Screen shows only horizontal stripes after login

open terminal and type following code:

unity --reset

and then reboot system.


How to manually re-saturate a window after it has been unresponsive

The fading is done by the Fading Windows compiz plugin. For me I could re-color the windows that became stuck faded (or greyscale) by disabling the plugin.

Using compizconfig-settings-manager, I unchecked the Enable Fading Windows box and pressed back. Once the windows where fixed I re-opened Fading Windows and re-enabled this plugin.


How can I find out the version of mysql package?

The lastest mysql client/server officially supported by Ubuntu 18.04 is version 5.7. Unless you added PPA for later version of mysql, you can check the versions of the support package.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-cache show mysql-server
sudo apt-cache show mysql-client

The first few lines should provide the information you seek.

Package: mysql-server
Architecture: all
Version: 5.7.22-0ubuntu18.04.1
Priority: optional
Section: database
Source: mysql-5.7
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>

Package: mysql-client
Architecture: all
Version: 5.7.22-0ubuntu18.04.1
Priority: optional
Section: database
Source: mysql-5.7
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>

If you wish to install newer version than that, you'll need to add the mysql repository, just follow the instructions here.


Completely black screen after disconnecting external display except when booting in recovery mode

I found the solution in this comment by user @elf12 to an answer by @Xophmeister to their own question:

  I had this problem with new Xubuntu 13.10 after unplugging a second display at my Laptops vga-out and restarting. In my case rm ~/.config/xfce4/xfconf/xfce-perchannel-xml/displays.xml did it!


Yes. Having private keys is enough to authenticate. You can generate public key from the private using ssh-keygen:

ssh-keygen -yf ct-ssh-14

It is common practice, when you are offered to download the private key for some service. Downloading two separate files can be troublesome.


Touchpad sensitivity of my Lenovo laptop decreased substantially

You can tweak the sensitivity from xinput.

First thing is get to know the touchpad id with:

$ xinput list
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad                  id=13   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
........

So my touchpad is ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad with id 13.

Now check the acceleration profile with it:

$ xinput list-props 13 | grep Accel
Device Accel Profile (262): 1
Device Accel Constant Deceleration (263):   2.500000
Device Accel Adaptive Deceleration (264):   1.000000
Device Accel Velocity Scaling (265):    12.500000

The value for Device Accel Constant Deceleration (263) is the one that you will need to change.

You can decrease this value to reduce the deceleration (make it faster) by:

$ xinput set-prop 13 263 1.25

The number 13 here is the ID of your touchpad, 263 here is the option that you want to change, 1.25 will make it twice faster, you can try it out to see what value fits your expectation.

Reference: How can I set mouse sensitivity, not just mouse acceleration?


This works for various file managers, across different Ubuntu versions and even on other distros.

Locate and edit the GTK bookmarks file (for Ubuntu 16.10 it is located at ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks) and add to it:

file:///path/to/programming_dir Programming

By the way, you can use a one liner:

echo "file:///path/to/programming_dir Programming" >> ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks

For remote dirs, you can use other URI schemas, like smb://.


how to use top and free to see what is bogging down the system?

I find htop more user friendly

sudo apt-get install htop

It will display usage of CPU as well as memory, and you can sort by any of the columns in the display. This can make it easier for you identify which programs/processes that are using your resources.

Free -m displays memory usage in Mibibytes. The column used corresponds approximately to the values displayed in the head of the htop window (the data used to match better in earlier versions of Ubuntu, before 16.04 LTS).

$ free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           4041         869        1813          33        1358        2728
Swap:         16399           0       16399


How to get rid of errors while launching browser from terminal?

If it’s just the output that’s bothering you, you can send it into a dark oblivion by adding

&>/dev/null

to the command line. Note that this will swallow all output, use 2>/dev/null instead to redirect error messages only.


Block cursor follows mouse and distorts render in 16.04

This appears to be a combination of problems with the nvidia drivers and xorg.
What worked for me was switching the driver and the window manager. I switched to the Nouveau driver.
This can be found in

Software & Updates -> the Additional Drivers -> Nouveau.

I tried different window managers and the one that worked for me was Xfce.

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

Upgrade, update and reboot.

sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get update
reboot

At log on click on the Ubuntu button or click down on the option list next to the log on prompt to select Xfce.


Which file containts ALL_PROXY variable?

All the proxy variables are stored in /etc/environment file, if you've set the proxy using Network Manager.

If you do not find it there, it can be in either of the following files:

~/.bashrc
/etc/bash.bashrc
/etc/bashrc
/etc/profile
~/.bash_profile
~/.bash_login
~/.profile


Ubuntu 12.04 Backlight Problem, Function keys not working

Just to confirm, you tested both acpi_backlight=vendor and acpi_osi=linux (together and independently) and ran sudo update-grub after each attempt?
Also, you might want to mention the kernel version (post the output of uname -a) as well as hardware information.


Where should I install the bootloader when I'm installing on external hard drive?

With Macs, I think if you put the make the device bootable (e.g. treat it like the live USB) and hold the Option key while booting up, the mac EFI will recognize the bootable external HDD and give you the option to boot from it.


Will my Windows OS be kept if I install Ubuntu

You can choose to run both Windows and Ubuntu together, on the same machine. This is called Dual-booting.

The easiest and safest way is to create an empty drive in windows, delete it to get free space, and install Ubuntu using Live CD or Live USB, choosing the option 'Install alongside Windows'. The setup will automatically install into the free space created by you.

Even if you directly boot from cd without creating free space, The installer will attempt to resize your windows partition and will install alongside. But there is one in a thousand chance that this may cause data loss, since NTFS file system is not effectively manipulated from Ubuntu (yet), I suggest making free space from windows before proceeding.


Windows installer on CD (executable bit)

You can run a windows executable, missing the execution permissions, prepending the executing program name, i.e. wine

wine /media/cdrom/app.exe


How can I deploy a new service in Juju GUI specifying the destination machine?

The GUI does not support this yet.  We expect to be starting work on this (containerization and machine support) very soon.


How to access "Applications" menu in Ubuntu Unity Desktop

Yes, if you need a classic menu in Unity you can use "classic menu indicator applet", press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal.

When it opens run the commands below:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:diesch/testing
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install classicmenu-indicator

To run the classicmenu immediately hit the super key, type classic then click the classicmenu icon. A new icon will appear in the top right hand corner near the clock.

Else you can open application via the Unity dash

Links

https://askubuntu.com/a/46811/39372
What are PPAs and how do I use them?


I have been messing around with it, but yes, it seems that replaygain can do what you want.

First, install replaygain:

sudo apt install python-rgain

Then you can go to the base folder of your MP3 files

cd /path/to/base/of/MP3/files

The manpage states to run

replaygain filename.mp3

Or you can run the following command that will go through all subfolders finding all your MP3 files and then adding the replaygain album gain to each found file:

find . -type f -name '*.mp3' | while read musicname; do replaygain "$musicname"; done

Sit back and watch replaygain do its thing.

Hope this helps!


There is no user space touchpad driver installed. That is why it is treated like a relative device.

Run

sudo apt install xserver-xorg-input-all

and restart the session.

If you have hwe-16.04 packages installed, you need to run

sudo apt install xserver-xorg-input-all-hwe-16.04


ClamAv Installation problem Error ERROR: initgroups() failed

This error has been known to appear sometimes when clamav-daemon loads incorrectly. I suspect that you have managed to install clamav but it was unable to successfully start the daemon after installation. There's a bug report here.

Try using the suggested workaround which is to run sudo /etc/init.d/clamav-daemon start.


Ubuntu 16.04 WIFI not working after install

Fixed it by changing secure boot to disabled.


How to show top ten memory consuming processes with ps?

To show top 10 memory consuming processes:

ps aux --sort -rss | head -11

or:

ps aux --sort +rss | tail -10


Just found the source of my problem-
I went into terminal to try to open it, and it turns out I just downloaded the wrong version of OpenJDK.


Using perl:

perl -pe 's/^(\w*)\t\t/$1\t/' <your_input_file>

Add the -i switch for inline replace

perl -i -pe 's/^(\w*)\t\t/$1\t/' <your_input_file>

To replace all \t\t, not only between the 1st and the 2nd column, use

perl -i -pe 's/\t\t/\t/' foo

or to replace all \t with a count greater than 1

perl -i -pe 's/\t{2,}/\t/g' foo

Example

$ printf "%s\t\t%s %s\n" "foo" "bar" "foobar" > foo
$ perl -i -pe 's/^(\w*)\t\t/$1\t/' foo
$ cat foo
foo     bar foobar

or with your example:

$ printf "%s\t\t%s %s %s\n" "ROW1" "t1" "t2" "t3" > foo
$ perl -i -pe 's/^(\w*)\t\t/$1\t/' foo
$ cat foo
ROW1    t1 t2 t3


How can I connect to a specific NTP server?

sudo ntpdate your.ntp.server

This should work.


How do I install and configure a Security Card (CAC) Reader for Ubuntu 13.04

Install packages

sudo apt-get install libpcsclite1 pcscd pcsc-tools

Install CacKey

Cackey is available at https://software.forge.mil/sf/projects/community_cac
 Ironically enough, it requires CAC access to login.

If you cannot access DISA's Forge.mil website, (Because it requires CAC access)

You can Download the 32bit Deb file here.

MD5: 37398d413221b7d6c6ee539978feec47
SHA1: 3ccfc97610b1b3503084caa7f1924c52d2f1a1b4

Or, the 64 bit Deb here.

 MD5: 3935d1376ae7175f9814505c59a917f7
 SHA1: 153b30d025869679238444e2ef0545ed7185f4f8

Download .deb
Use Software Center to install by double-clicking on the .deb
You will get a warning about the package being of low quality.
Just continue.

After it finishes installing, open a terminal and run pcsc_scan to test the card reader.

* Note: For 13.10 I had to create a /usr/lib64 directory before CACkey would install.
 The command to use is sudo mkdir /usr/lib64 . After creating that directory it installed fine. *

Download DoD certs

http://dodpki.c3pki.chamb.disa.mil/rootca.html
Click on each link to download.
 You will get warnings about these not being approved, just click "OK"

Add CAC Module to Firefox as a Security Device

1.Edit > Preferences Menu

2.Advanced Section

3.Certificates Tab

4.Security Devices Button

5.Load Button

In the Dialoge box that pops up enter "CAC Module" as the module name, & enter /usr/lib64/libcackey.so as the module filename.

Test your set-up

You can test your set-up by logging into a site that requires CAC access such as https://www.us.army.mil

You should be prompted for the "Master Password". This is simply your PIN associated with your card.

For what it's worth this has worked flawlessly for me in 13.04. Even Enterprise E-mail OWA, which I could not get to work under 12.10.
* Update: Tested with 13.10 works great, including access to OWA. *


Wifi not working toshiba satellite c855-1w7 ubuntu12.10

the step by step guide is in the thread you posted.

Install packages needed for the compilation

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic linux-headers-`uname -r`

notice that the ticks around uname -r are backticks like this ` and not quotes like this '

Download the driver

Go to this Realtek site. Scroll down to the unix(linux) section and download the driver from a mirror close to you and save it in your Downloads folder. Make sure it's for kernel 2.6.24 and later, see screenshot.

Navigate to your Downloads folder, right-click on the downloaded archive and select "extract here".

change into the driver directory

cd ~/Downloads/rtl_92ce*2013

change user to root/administrator

sudo su

compile the source code

make

install the compiled driver

make install

load the driver module

modprobe rtl8723e

logout root account, and become normal user again

exit

reboot.


This is not a problem of wubi. The grub menu is poped out, maybe because u installed newer kernel version. Grub is always there, it just didn't show up when u just have one kernel version. If you wanna disable it, u need modify the grub2 config file, under dir /etc/grub.d

Grub2 manual page


How to make network connection to a Windows machine from Ubuntu?

Assuming you are sharing the Media folder on windows and that you have samba installed on your linux machine, you could, from nautilus do this.

Go to Connect to Server and then in the server address, type:

smb://192.168.1.188/Media

That should opened the shared 'Media folder.
It might pop you for credentials.


When i start my laptop i have a choice of three ubuntu operating systems how can i remove this?

It sounds like you did a wubi install, where you install inside the windows file system.  To fix the problem try the answer(s) on this question.

To install Ubuntu as the only operating  system you would need to use the bootable LiveCD and and boot off it to replace the operating system.  Make sure you back up all your important data before you do this as you will be starting from scratch with the "use entire hard drive" option.


Should I install the ubuntu-restricted-extras package?

No it does not matter if you already have flash installed. Personally, I always install the restricted extras and I have never experienced any problems or clashes with flash or any other codecs. I also use Firefox.


Asus Vivo PC and Ubuntu installation Problem

I have dual boot running fine on my VivoPc v60, the only issue is the darn clock in Windows changing every time you go to change boot order via BIOS/UEFI.

To sidestep that I use a bcdedit script that moves Ubuntu to the head of the boot order in Windows and then in Ubuntu you need to reboot and select Windows Boot Manager from Grub. Efibootmgr doesn't seem to work at all from Ubuntu.

Anyhow back to why I posted. I originally bought the vivo because of the UTube videos showing how easy it was to swap HDs. Of course that was made more difficult in the V60 which uses a notebook size HD and locks the lid with a screw. Opening the lid voids warranty etc...

Anyhow I popped in an old notebook HD a couple of days ago installed via Live USB and rebooted to what I can only assume is what you saw. I still have no idea why that happened..


Ubuntu is booting very slowly after dual boot with Kali

Boot from Ubuntu installation media.

Select Try Ubuntu without installing.

Step 1 : Reinstall the Ubuntu GRUB boot loader.

Open a terminal and execute :

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
sudo chroot /mnt
grub-install /dev/sda
update-grub
exit

Step 2 : Correct the UUID entries in the fstab file.

Open another terminal and execute :

sudo blkid

Open another terminal and execute :

sudo gedit /mnt/etc/fstab

Replace the UUID entries of sda1 | sda2 | sda3 | sda4

with those of the output given from the blkid command.

Close all terminals and reboot into Ubuntu operating system.


had the same problem, the solution is to disable cpufrequtils and ondemand service

sudo update-rc.d -f ondemand remove
sudo update-rc.d -f cpufrequtils remove


Why is Ubuntu forcing me to manually partion my drive?

An inability to do anything but a manual partitioning ("Something Else") installation is a common complaint when installing a dual-boot with Windows 8 or later. I'm not sure offhand if this is an issue related to EFI/UEFI-mode installation per se or if it's related to the notorious Windows Fast Startup and Hibernate features. These related features turn an ordinary shutdown operation into a suspend-to-disk operation, which leaves filesystems in an inconsistent state that's unsafe for sharing with other OSes. The Ubuntu installer might be detecting this and therefore refusing to provide options to resize the Windows partitions, thus closing off the usual "install alongside" type options.

Thus, one thing you might try is to disable both Fast Startup and Hibernate, as described in the links in the previous paragraph. Note that this is a critical part of a dual-boot installation with Windows 8 or later. Even aside from the installation issues, these features make it unsafe to share data between the two OSes. On EFI-based computers, even the EFI System Partition (ESP; where boot loaders are stored) is likely to be affected, which can produce all sorts of weird boot problems.

If disabling Fast Startup and Hibernate doesn't help, then the only solution is to use the "Something Else" installation option, as described here. Given your description, I recommend using Ubuntu in its "try before installing" mode to launch GParted on the disk to remove any partitions that might be left over from previous installation attempts first. You could optionally create partitions for Ubuntu in GParted at this time, too. Be 100% sure that any partitions you delete really are left over from previous Ubuntu installation attempts, though. Modern Windows installations often have several partitions, most or all of which are important to Windows in one way or another, so you should not delete them! Check the filesystem type in GParted. Ubuntu partitions are likely to use ext4fs or Linux swap. Windows partitions are likely to use FAT, NTFS, or have an unidentified filesystem. If you have any doubts, post a question, showing a GParted screen shot or the output of both sudo parted -l and sudo blkid.


Of course it will ignore it, useradd needs the login name at the end and the options at the start:

useradd [options] LOGIN

so it should looks like:

sudo useradd -p $B -m $A


You may want to take a look at this if you are only using Ubuntu:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=42737

If you can use a different operating system (Windows) try AMD Overdrive for an AMD processor machine or Speed fan otherwise:

http://www.almico.com/sfdownload.php


how to enable HTML5 Storage in Ubuntu web browser?

The page you are trying to load seems to require a technique called Web Storage.

  ...software methods and protocols used for storing data in a web
  browser

As it is somehow unclear which page you are refering to and which browser you are using i would recommend the following:

As a first step try to load your side in either

Firefox
Google Chrome

Both browsers should support Web Storage out of the box.

Here is a demo side which tests your browser storage capabilities


I was helped by the instruction below.

Set ControllerMode = bredr or ControllerMode = dual by editing /etc/bluetooth/main.conf file using sudo nano /etc/bluetooth/main.conf command (or another text editor of your choice)
sudo /etc/init.d/bluetooth restart
Try to pair again.


How to make Ubuntu 32 bit read my 4GB RAM on a Acer Travelmate 3210 notebook?

You can try to enable or install PAE enabled kernel. If you are running Ubuntu 12.04, it should have automatically installed the pae kernel, if it has detected more than 3gb of RAM.

You can also enable it manually, please follow the instructions from this Ubuntu community page.


how to implement the functions which are defined inside the conio.h

Check curses.h, available here is a C library for a terminal user interfaces (TUI).

conio.h was a C library for terminal user interfaces for MS-DOS systems not *nixes.

Here is a turorial for the curses library and here is the official manual

To get the curses.h header type: sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev


I can't permanently add icons to the top bar anymore- they disappear upon reboot

just remove the top panel and add a new one again


Killing a running process in an Ubuntu machine remotely from a windows machine which is in LAN

Install openssh-server on Ubuntu and PuTTY on Windows. Then you can get a shell on your Ubuntu machine from the Windows one.

Once logged into your Ubuntu machine remotely, you can use kill or pkill or killall as you prefer.  I find pkill simplest if you just want to kill based on the process's name. For example: pkill firefox

If, however, you wanted to kill a specific process whose PID (process ID) you know (possibly from looking through the output of ps -ef), you can use kill 1234

You can combine kill signals with these to say how they should be killed. The default is 15, or SIGTERM (term = terminate), which is a polite request to please close now.  If a process doesn't respond to that, 9 (SIGKILL) is popular.  See man 7 signal for more information about signals. To use this with kill or pkill you'd simply add -9 for example:  kill -9 firefox


What are the differences between commands "t.sh" ". t.sh" "/t.sh" "./t.sh"?

for t.sh the shell will search the PATH in order for a file named t.sh and execute it if it finds it

for . t.sh the shell will search the PATH in order for a file named t.sh but source it if it finds it.
In the case of the bash shell, the search behavior for sourced commands has additional considerations, as noted in man bash:

  When  bash  is  not  in  posix  mode,  the  current directory is
  searched if no file is found in PATH.  If the sourcepath  option
  to  the  shopt  builtin  command  is turned off, the PATH is not
  searched.

for /t.sh the shell will look for file t.sh in the filesystem root directory / and attempt to execute it

for ./t.sh the shell will look for file t.sh in the shell's current working directory . and attempt to execute it

See also

What are the differences between executing shell scripts using “source file.sh”, “./file.sh”, “sh file.sh”, “. ./file.sh”?

What is the difference between sourcing ('.' or 'source') and executing a file in bash?


xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu-hwe-16.04 vs the default?

HWE stands for Hardware Enablement and more info about it can be found at this answer. In a nutshell, the xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu-hwe-16.04 package is intended to provide you with an updated driver for AMD GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) that were released after the release of your Ubuntu operating system. The idea here is to provide Ubuntu the driver support necessary for hardware devices (in this case: AMD's graphics devices) that were released after your Ubuntu system was released.

It's interesting to take a look at the pages of the packages xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu-hwe-16.04 (1.3.0-0ubuntu1~16.04.1) and xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu (1.1.2-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) so you can see which are their package dependencies. Each of these pages also contain a table of architectures (amd64, arm64, i386 et cetera), so if you pick one architecture and click on list of files you'll be able to see the contents of such package.

Lastly, because the HWE package is solely intented to provide you up-to-date hardware driver support, by installing such package you're most likely not going to see any performance gain on the graphics processing.


Lubuntu freezes less frequently than Xubuntu, which freezes less frequently than Ubuntu

This is almost certainly due to a bug in the kernel with some Atom-based processors.  The workaround is to restrict the machine from going into deeper c-states.

Add intel_idle.max_cstate=1 to the kernel arguments by editing /etc/default/grub and set GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT so it looks something like this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="intel_idle.max_cstate=1"

then run

sudo update-grub

More details and the ongoing search for the root cause can be found in the issue at: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=109051


Brackets programme not launching Lubuntu 16.04

This is what I did -

Ubuntu has a PPA for Brackets installs which will automatically import libcrypt11 while also keeping Brackets up to date automatically.

To install from PPA, open a terminal and then:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/brackets

If asked to install key say “yes”

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install brackets

https://nathanjplummer.github.io/Brackets/


Installing 64bit ubuntu on Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T5870 , possible?

You should Install 64 bit version of Ubuntu for Better Performance  Intel® Core™2 Duo Processor T5870
(2M Cache, 2.00 GHz, 800 MHz FSB) (check this Intel Web)
because u got     Instruction Set   64-bit


With this way to set up Ubuntu, would I have to set up Windows again on my machine with RAID-10?

If we assume that you are trying to add Ubuntu as a second bootable OS along side Windows - then the answer is going to depend on whether that clever RAID-10 setup can be reduced in size and split into two partitions. Alternatively, on whether you can install additional drives.

One comment before continuing. RAID-10 is a very expensive option are you sure that you really need it?

Anyway, the answer is that you either need to be able to reduce the size of the RAIDed partition and split it so that you can create at least one or two new partitions. Or you need to install a new drive (or 4 if you insist on RAID-10'ing everything for some odd reason).

In either of these 2 cases, you can install Ubuntu along side the existing Windows installation. In either case, it will be easiest to ignore the SSD for Ubuntu.

The one remaining difficulty will be where the Master Boot Record will reside. Assuming you have a reasonable PC with a good BIOS, you should be able to swap around the disk priority, in that case, it is easy if you have installed a new disk because you can make the new disk a higher boot priority in the BIOS and install the new Master Boot Record there. The Ubuntu install should pick up the existing Windows boot record and add an option to boot Windows into the Grub boot menu. If it doesn't you will need to look up how to add it manually - this might happen with such a complex setup.


Convert a .txt file in a .csv with a row every 3 lines

Use paste to make a csv:
 paste -d,  - - - < file

Output:
Mario,mario@me.com,+399038259953
Luigi,luigi@live.com,+395902385093
Yoshi,yoshi@yahoo.com,+81293565291


Unfortuntately, RAM doesn't impact speed or performance until you're running a lot of applications/programs. It might have to do with the program you're using, or your computer in general.

I don't think giving it more RAM will help, but you can definitely try and see if it works.


"Command not found" when running guest additions. xubuntu 14.04

First of all, make sure your VM is prepared to make kernel modules. This is copy-paste friendly.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install build-essential module-assistant
sudo m-a prepare

Loom for the CD name by running sudo ls /media/. It should show up as VBOXADDITIONS or something similar.

Then simply run

sudo sh /media/<<<CD NAME>>>/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

or

sudo sh /media/<<<username>>>/<<<CD NAME>>>/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run


Ok. This is what I came up with:

sudo virt-install \
--name test \
--ram 4096 \
--disk path=/home/myuser/kvm/vm_images/test.img,size=20 \
--vcpus 2 \
--os-type linux \
--os-variant ubuntu16.04 \
--network bridge=br0 \
--graphics none \
--console pty,target_type=serial \
--location http://debian.ethz.ch/ubuntu/ubuntu/dists/xenial/main/installer-amd64/ \
--extra-args 'hostname=test ip=10.10.10.120 dns=31.3.135.232 gateway=10.10.10.1 netmask=255.255.255.0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 serial' \
--debug

For most examples I found, the address of the --location parameter was down. This is what mine looks like:

Reachable as debian.ethz.ch, ubuntu.ethz.ch and ftp.ch.debian.org.
[ICO]   Name    Last modified   Size    Description
[PARENTDIR] Parent Directory        -
[DIR]   20101020ubuntu448/  2016-04-16 23:53    -   Ubuntu APT repository
[DIR]   20101020ubuntu450/  2016-04-19 20:58    -   Ubuntu APT repository
[DIR]   20101020ubuntu451/  2016-04-20 17:53    -   Ubuntu APT repository
[DIR]   current/    2016-04-20 17:53    -

After this command you land directly in the console of the gestOS, with the installer running. I'm not sure why it asks for the mirror to download during the installation, since there is specified the location parameter.

Not all the extra-args work for me. hostname and console are ok.

Since i have configured br0 on the host to have a static IP, the newly created VM is not able to resolve hosts in the internet. Therefor during the mirror choosing process in the installer of the guestOS fails. I was able to solve this issue by exiting to the shell of the installer:

nano /etc/resolv.conf
# changed content of the file to: hostname 8.8.8.8
# ping yahoo.com should work for example
exit

afterwards you land back on the installer and can continue. Do not forget to check the OpenSSH server package during the installation. You can reach the VM afterwards by it's DHCP lease with putty. After the setup has finished, the VM will restart and the serial console session inside the hostOS will not reconnect properly. I was also not able to connect with

$ virsh console foo

This only led to

Connected to domain foo
Escape character is ^]

Helpful link to me:
https://www.server-world.info/en/note?os=Ubuntu_16.04&p=kvm&f=2


Ubuntus (lib)ATLAS packages are only multi-threaded

Apparently it's not possible to change the maximum number of threads used by Atlas at runtime, only at build time: http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/faq.html#tnum

OpenBLAS can by setting OPENBLAS_NUM_THREADS=1 as an environment variable for instance.


put the entire expect command in a separate script , say ~/bin/server1 and change your Exec to

Exec="gnome-terminal -e /home/your_user/bin/server1"

I assume you do not want others to view/use the script as it contains a password, so chmod 700 ~/bin/server1 and consider using an encrypted home directory ;)


unstable internet conncetion ubuntu 14.04

I really need more details, but if a reinstall didn't solve it, it may be a hardware issue, which is off topic here

However, I would ensure you have all the latest drivers for your machine. There is a chance that you need proprietary drivers.

To check, either visit your device manufacturer site or use the update utility:

Go to settings->software and updates->Additional drivers

If any are available, it should find them. Unless, of course, your manufacturer does only provide Windows drivers. Also make sure to check the site of you wifi adapter manufacturer


How do I stop Nautilus from popping-up a window when I attach a device (phone, USB, etc)?

Go to: System Settings... > (System) Details > Removable Media

Select how media should be handled


How can I lock my Ubuntu phone using the terminal?

As of now, there is no such functionality. It may be added if you file a feature request.
You can make a feature suggest by submitting it as a "bug" at bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu .

Mark the bug with the tag [Wishlist] and the developers will know there is a demand. Only the maintainer of a project or bug superviser can then change the "Importance" to "Wishlist".

The link to actually file a bug "Report a bug" in the top right corner leads to a page, where the possibility to file a bug is hard to find. The link can be found in the section:

  Tips and tricks: Filing bugs at Launchpad.net

It is also possible to file a bug now at the console if you type

ubuntu-bug

into the console and follow the instructions.


only one program reporting OpenGL problem

i found the answer. problem had nothing to do with OpenGL. some automatically downloaded maps were malformed. after removing them game works again


Want to execute sudo command on shell startup

You can use the NOPASSWD attribute in the sudoers file to tell sudo not to require a password. A line like the follows in the sudoers file should let you run that command without a password:

yourlogin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: command_here

To edit the sudoers file, run the command sudo visudo.


Deferred can be a status of an mail which is processed by your MTA and means that the mails are queued in your MTA. The mail could not be delivered, but it also is not rejected or bounced. This can happens if your MTA tries to send mails to a server who is not accessible via SMTP. You can display all queued mails with the command:

    mailq

It also displays the sender and the recipient of the queued mails.
Normally the Mail is re-queued (tried to send again) automatically after a while, but you can also re-queue it manually with the command:

    postsuper -r ALL

If you want to delete all as deferred queued mails you can use the command:

    postsuper -d ALL deferred

I hope this was helpful Ulli


Ubuntu "USB for OS X" instructions doesn't create bootable USB drive

Spent half the day on this but finally have a solution: The application unetbootin will quite happily open up the iso file, extract everything and create a bootable USB stick.


Can't write/delete to external usb 12.04 ubuntu

You could treat your photo archive's sudden status as a read-only disk, as an opportunity to buy a backup disk, and make a copy!

fsck is the repair tool you were looking for. First, some info. In a terminal window run mount|grep media. It will print something like

/dev/sdb1 on /media/user/HD-drive type vfat (followed by some noise)

And maybe other disks as well. You're looking for the device ID corresponding to your mounted drive, /dev/sdb1 in my example. Next, unmount the disk and run the repair tool.

sudo umount /media/user/HD-drive
sudo fsck.vfat -a -l /dev/sdb1

where /dev/sdb1 is the device discovered earlier (and probably will be not exactly the same on your system). fsck will attempt to fix anything broken on your drive, and will list names of any files it found remarkable. Make a note of the file names, if any.

With any luck your disk will be fine now. Wait a minute after fsck completes, unplug it, and plug it back in. Though the disk (should) look healthy now, some files may be damaged. You may want to come back and ask for tips detecting damage, just for peace of mind. Be sure to check any files fsck may have mentioned.

Personally I would hie me off to get a backup disk, make a copy, and only then attempt the recovery process above. Any files you find were damaged, you may be able to copy back to the original disk from the pre-fix copy you just made. Unlikely but possible. Keep both disks then, and use the original for your working copy for a while, until you're pretty confident it's in good shape and the pre-fix copy is no longer helpful. Once you've reached that point, copy the original disk back over the copy, and begin using the copy as an active backup.


How many percentage of packages (main restricted universe multiverse) are taken from Debian?

For Ubuntu 20.04 LTS it is partially presented on https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/focal :

Derived from Buster

27259 packages with differences (132 needing attention)
1109 packages only in Buster
3466 packages only in Focal

Separating in pockets is very difficult.


How to install Ubuntu to a partitioned DOS disk

By choosing to use the entire hard drive, any existing data will be lost.  It doesn't appear as though that is a problem, but the disclaimer needs to be made.

During the installation, Ubuntu will ask you how you would like to handle the step.  If you choose, Use Entire disk and Set up LVM, you'll be removing any existing partitions and create the new Ubuntu partitions using the entire disk.

This image detects that there is no other OS installed, but even if it does the screen is similar.


Unity-Ubuntu 16.04 dock and panel disappeared

This happens when Ubuntu Unity plugin is disabled in CompizConfig Settings Manager.

Press ctrl+alt+f1 and enter your login credentials. Then run

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager unity-desktop unity

and

DISPLAY=:0 ccsm &

Now go back to desktop by pressing ctrl+alt+f7 (or ctrl+alt+f8 if f7 doesn't work). CompizConfig Settings Manager should be there.

From ccsm, find Ubuntu Unity Plugin and enable it if it's disabled.

Finally you need to restart your computer, you can do it from the GUI or typing sudo reboot to any terminal.


a command to list share folders in my network?

Use smbclient by entering this code :

smbclient -L hostname

Where hostname is the ip of the Pc you want to see its shared filed


How to make auto login work, "choose language" comes up?

Go to either:

System settings --> System (area) --> login screen.
System --> administration --> Login screen.

and in it you simply click to deactivate a delay on x seconds as the screenshot shows.


Read the whole question before doing anything.

  NOTE: the following steps will delete all of your partitions, all of your previous data on your hard disk, everything! Do not proceed if you don't want that.

On the Something else screen (image below), highlight each of your partitions and click on the - minus sign. This will delete the partitions.

You should be left with a big "free space". We'll now proceed to create 4 partitions. Here's what they are:

root partition: partition containing important Ubuntu files. This is like the "C" drive of Windows.
home partition: partition containing your user data. This is like the "C:\Users" folder of Windows. Yes, that "folder" is going to be on a partition of its own.
games partition: partition containing your games.
swap partition: an important partition for Linux that helps with memory/RAM.

Highlight the free space and click the + sign:

Pick 102400 for size (that's 100 GB)
Primary
Use as ext4
Mount point /

That's the root partition.
Highlight the free space and click the + sign:

Pick 204800 for size (that's 200 GB)
Primary
Use as ext4
Mount point /home

That's the home partition.
Highlight the free space and click the + sign:

Pick 200704 for size (that's 196 GB)
Primary
Use as ext4
Mount point /media/games

That's the games partition.
Highlight the free space and click the + sign:

Don't pick anything for size. It'll use the remaining space. This should be 4 GB
Primary
Use as swap area

That's the swap partition.

There's no "standard size" for a swap partition, but generally, people make the swap partition the same as RAM, that's why I've set it to 4 GB.

You can play around with the sizes before doing anything. I changed the root partition to 100 GB instead of the 200 GB you had for the C drive in Windows. That way, you have more space for Games, but you can switch the root back to 200 GB if you want, and leave 96 for Games if you don't have much. I just think that 200 for root is too much. The root partition contains the important files of Ubuntu and programs you install. Just remember that it will be touch (or a long process) if you choose your partitions now and then want to resize them later =/, so design wisely.


Load different music profiles for Alsamixer or kmix

Unless you have uninstalled pulseaudio, (kubuntu ships with pulseaudio) you can install pulseaudio-equalizer. Pulse audio uses ALSA's channel but manages sound settings for individual applications without having to use kmix.

You can install this by typing the following commands in an open terminal.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio-equalizer

You should be able to search for pulseaudio-equalizer in the app-search area or you can just use the command pulseaudio-equalizer.

The EQ has default setting configurations for various profiles like rock, regge, rap, and even laptop. You can also adjust, save, or even customize your own profile.


Keep your installation updated: Even Linux programs will have security issues ocassionally, so make sure you periodically install all suggested updates for your system.
don't install packages you don't need: What isn't there on your system can't have security risks. This is especially true for daemons/server of any kind. I.e. if you don't need a webserver, uninstall apache. Ubuntu doesn't come with those by default but if you added one, consider removing it.
consider disabling Flash and Java plugins for your browser: Of course if you need one of those, you'll have to leave it enabled. Make sure you update the plugins, then. However, if you don't need e.g. a Java plugin in your browser, consider removing icedtea6-plugin, sun-java6-plugin and the likes
filter your internet: there are many browser extensions that help you filter the internet from stuff you don't need and can carry security issues

Flahblock Addon (xul-ext-flashblock )
disables auto-play for flash applications. Flash apps are replaced by a "play" button that starts the app on click. Also, it allows to whitelist sites like youtube or hulu, when you're sure they pose no thread
Adblock Plus (xul-ext-adblock-plus ) filters website ads that often don't come from the original site but from third parties that may not be as trustworthy as the original site you're visiting. However, if you trust a site and want to support it by viewing ads, it allows whitelisting known good sites.
NoScript disables JavaScript everywhere you don't whitelist, helping keep you safe from JavaScript exploits or some XSS-Attacks

don't run stuff you don't trust: not only executable files are dangerous. Recently, PDF files could include security risks, too. Those are mostly designed for the original Adobe Reader, however standard caution is still useful when opening files from untrusted sources
don't add random PPAs or install random packages: Addins PPAs or installing packages from website might be a huge convenience when installing programs that are not included in Ubuntu sources (or just plain old), however keep in mind that third party-repositories not only are able to install malicious software through updates, but that the installation process usually runs as root, which includes any scripts included in the installation package. Only add PPAs and packages from a trusted source, if you must have them.
keep your laptop physically secure: This one depends on what kind of security you wish to achieve. Consider buying a hardware chain and lock (Kensington Lock) so your hardware can't be stolen. As a basic precaution, lock your screen when you leave the laptop for longer than a few seconds by clicking the power-off button top right and selecting lock screen.
Encrypt your data: if you travel with sensitive data, consider encrypting your data. When installing Ubuntu or adding a new user, there is a checkbox that says Encrypt my home directory. This encrypts your home directory and protects its contents when your device is off. Keep in mind, however, that as long as the laptop is running, files are not protected and accessible.


vim showing weird characters on screen in terminal

This is because of visual bell.
you can solve this be deleting or commenting this line from your .vimrc file

`set visualbell`

EDIT:

I still don't know though how to use visualbell and not have this problem.


I am inclined to suspect that there is some kind of issue with the audio drivers. Since you are not using the HDMI audio device, I would suggest disabling it in the BIOS if the option is available.


Yes. Source that also has this to say: If you want to do this at boot time edit /etc/rc.local and add a rm /home/{username}/.compiz/session/* where {username} needs to change to your username. The source claims it works with no problems at all.

A little bit more safe is to delete files older than X hours:

 find ~/.compiz/session/ -name {filenames} -type f -mmin +{X*60) -delete

change {filenames} to something addressing those files you want gone; use a wildcard if needed.
change {X*60} to how old the files need to be in minutes.

By the way: I have NO .compiz and no .compiz/session in my system. It might have been removed during any of the newer Ubuntu versions (.config/compiz-1 does exist on my system).


Unfortunately so far I have not seen anyone install a GNU / Linux with UEFI so you must configure your BIOS to legacy that way you can access the GRUB, I hope you're looking for


Linux programs are commonly using shared libraries, so the program install size is dependant of what libraries it would need. So there is not a way to see all installed stuff in one directory. But you can query files that are owned by package with:

dpkg -L <package_name>

for example you installed samba, you could query it's files by:

dpkg -L samba

Hope that helps? Here is the explanation for filesystem places of different items:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LinuxFilesystemTreeOverview


Access to *.doc was denied | Libreoffice 5.4.5.1

I first recommended a temporary Workaround: Copy your file to $HOME.

However, it's probably better to solve the problem like is described in the answer to my own question:
Libreoffice 5.4.5.1 gets access denied on NFS mounted filesystem


I use lines in fstab like this

//[my-ip-address]/[my-share] /media/[mount-point] cifs vers=3.0,credentials=[my-login-file],iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777,uid=[username],gid=[username],nofail 0 0

Once you've edited fstab (make a backup first!) don't reboot yet. Test your work by doing sudo mount -a and fix any errors before you reboot. This prevents breaking your system by an fstab error.


Deleting old windows files through ubuntu

Since you have a new laptop, and since your old laptop won't boot Windows, your best bet is to just reinstall Ubuntu on it(12.04 or 12.10). Use the entire disk and forget about deleting the Windows files from Ubuntu, etc. That's the easiest way forward.

If you really want to delete the Vista files/partition without reinstalling then just use disk utility or GParted and reformat the Vista partition. Open either program, select the Vista partition(s), and delete them.


Switch to Console in Ubuntu 18.04 - How to Leave GUI?

In Ubuntu 18.04, they have changed things around and you cannot get to tty1, it is always showing the display manager / login screen. If you log in, you then cannot get to tty2 because it becomes the GUI for the first logged in user. The tradition of both GUIs showing on tty7 has ended.

You can get to tty3 by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F3, tty4 by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F4, tty5 by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F5 and tty6 by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F6.

You can then switch between tty3-6 by pressing Alt with the appropriate F-key.

Finally, you can get back to the GUI with Alt+F1 for the login chooser or Alt+F2 for the logged-in user's desktop.


Latex in Inkscape is not working anymore after update

TL;DR - it is bug 1759483.

I have followed LaTeX guide from Inkscape wiki, so I installed

sudo apt-get install texlive pstoedit

then I launched Inkspace, selected Extensions → Render → LaTeX and I can't get it working on Ubuntu 18.10, 19.04 and 19.10.

So it is a known bug 1759483.

Installation of latest version of Inkscape from official PPA, Snap or FlatHub does not help either.

But it works on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and 18.04 LTS.


It seems that you installed GRUB on the pen drive itself.

Follow these steps:

Boot using pendrive.
Open a terminal. Run the following commands:

    sudo grub-install /dev/sda
    sudo update-grub

Reboot.


How to read first four characters of file name?

Here the code to take first four character of filenames;

filename=ANKR00TUR_R_20183350000_01D_30S_MO.crx.gz
tmp=${filename:0:4}
echo $tmp

Result:

echo "$tmp"

ANKR

Source

For a list

    for file in ./*.gz
    do
       echo "${file:2:4}" | tee -a list.txt
    done

previous for cycle will print on the screen the result and also append to list.txt

Source from Documentation on The Linux Documentation Project (TLDP)

Update
Improvement of code based on @steeldriver suggestion in comment.


in ubuntu CRON events are sent to the syslog

i.e.

sudo grep CRON /var/log/syslog


Dual boot system Windows 10 and Ubuntu 12.04

Your computer contains a small clock, that has an own small battery, so it won't lose track of time, even when your pc is shutdown. Linux/Ubuntu expects this clock to give the time in the UTC timezone, which, depending on where you live, differs from your local time (also, UTC does not have daylight saving time). Windows on the other hand, expects this clock to give the local time. The solution would be to either set Windows to expect utc, or set linux so it expects localtime. Since the Windows solution involves messing with the registry, lets look at how to do it in Ubuntu:
Open the file /etc/default/rcS with root privileges and an editor of your choice, e.g.:

sudo nano /etc/default/rcS

Change the following line to look like this:

# Set UTC=yes if your system clock is set to UTC (GMT), and UTC=no if not.
UTC=no

Now you may have to set the clock to the correct time again.

NOTE: This method should only be used with Versions up to 15.04, since the introduction of systemd changed ways.


How to download and install Oracle Java by a script?

The script works in conjunction with the WebUpd8 PPA. Therefore install Java by the PPA first.

If there is a new version in the PPA, then this is installed via the package manager. In the meantime, the script can install a newer version, it there is a new version on the Oracle website.

A few considerations

Download a version via wget, eg:

wget --no-cookies --header \
    "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" \
    $URL

Get the URL with (for linux-x64 and tar.gz)

URL=$(curl -s http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html | \
    awk "/downloads\['/ && ! /demos/ && /\['files'\]/ && /linux-x64/ && /\.tar\.gz/" | \
    grep -o 'http.*\.tar\.gz')

All in one

for Oracle Java 8 via the URL http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html

wget --no-cookies --header "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" \
    $(curl -s http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html | \
        awk "/downloads\['/ && ! /demos/ && /\['files'\]/ && /linux-x64/ && /\.tar\.gz/" | \
        grep -o 'http.*\.tar\.gz'\
    )

Explanation

/downloads\['/ – We need the downloads area
/\['files'\]/ – We need the files area
/linux-x64/ –  The target architecture

That you could adapt.
/\.tar\.gz/ – The file format

That you could adapt.

If you do that, don't forget the tar.gz in grep -o 'http.*\.tar\.gz'
! /demos/ – No demos

The script for Oracle Java 8, x64, tar.gz

#!/bin/bash
major_version="8"
target="/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle"
arch="linux-x64"

# This URL is for the major version 8.
download_page="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html"

download_url=$(curl -s "$download_page" | \
        awk "/downloads\['/ && ! /demos/ && /\['files'\]/ && /$arch/ && /\.tar\.gz/" | \
        grep -o 'http.*\.tar\.gz')

server=$(awk -Fjdk-"$major_version"u '{split($2,a,/-/); print a[1]}' <<< "$download_url")
local=$("$target"/bin/java -version 2>&1 | awk -F_ '/java version/ {gsub(/"/,""); print $2}')

[ "$local" == "" ] && local=0

filename=$(awk -F'\/' '{print $NF}' <<< "$download_url")

[ "$server" -gt "$local" ] && wget -q -P "/tmp" --no-cookies --show-progress --header \
    "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" \
    "$download_url"

if [ -f "$filename" ]; then
    mkdir -p "$target"
    tar -xf "$filename" --strip 1 -C "$target"
fi

exit 0

Useful

List all architectures and file formats with this command:

curl -s http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html | \
        awk "/downloads\['/ && ! /demos/ && /\['files'\]\['jdk/"

Sample output

downloads['jdk-8u51-oth-JPR']['files']['jdk-8u51-linux-i586.rpm'] = { "title":"Linux x86", "size":"146.9 MB","filepath":"http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u51-b16/jdk-8u51-linux-i586.rpm"};
downloads['jdk-8u51-oth-JPR']['files']['jdk-8u51-linux-i586.tar.gz'] = { "title":"Linux x86", "size":"166.95 MB","filepath":"http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u51-b16/jdk-8u51-linux-i586.tar.gz"};
downloads['jdk-8u51-oth-JPR']['files']['jdk-8u51-linux-x64.rpm'] = { "title":"Linux x64", "size":"145.19 MB","filepath":"http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u51-b16/jdk-8u51-linux-x64.rpm"};
downloads['jdk-8u51-oth-JPR']['files']['jdk-8u51-linux-x64.tar.gz'] = { "title":"Linux x64", "size":"165.25 MB","filepath":"http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u51-b16/jdk-8u51-linux-x64.tar.gz"};
downloads['jdk-8u51-oth-JPR']['files']['jdk-8u51-macosx-x64.dmg'] = { "title":"Mac OS X x64", "size":"222.09 MB","filepath":"http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u51-b16/jdk-8u51-macosx-x64.dmg"};
downloads['jdk-8u51-oth-JPR']['files']['jdk-8u51-solaris-sparcv9.tar.Z'] = { "title":"Solaris SPARC 64-bit (SVR4 package)", "size":"139.36 MB","filepath":"http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u51-b16/jdk-8u51-solaris-sparcv9.tar.Z"};
downloads['jdk-8u51-oth-JPR']['files']['jdk-8u51-solaris-sparcv9.tar.gz'] = { "title":"Solaris SPARC 64-bit", "size":"98.8 MB","filepath":"http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u51-b16/jdk-8u51-solaris-sparcv9.tar.gz"};
downloads['jdk-8u51-oth-JPR']['files']['jdk-8u51-solaris-x64.tar.Z'] = { "title":"Solaris x64 (SVR4 package)", "size":"139.79 MB","filepath":"http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u51-b16/jdk-8u51-solaris-x64.tar.Z"};
downloads['jdk-8u51-oth-JPR']['files']['jdk-8u51-solaris-x64.tar.gz'] = { "title":"Solaris x64", "size":"96.45 MB","filepath":"http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u51-b16/jdk-8u51-solaris-x64.tar.gz"};
downloads['jdk-8u51-oth-JPR']['files']['jdk-8u51-windows-i586.exe'] = { "title":"Windows x86", "size":"176.02 MB","filepath":"http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u51-b16/jdk-8u51-windows-i586.exe"};
downloads['jdk-8u51-oth-JPR']['files']['jdk-8u51-windows-x64.exe'] = { "title":"Windows x64", "size":"180.51 MB","filepath":"http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u51-b16/jdk-8u51-windows-x64.exe"};


Hey great question for your first. Since you are new to linux as a whole, I'll describe how I went about answering your question.

Now, linux has a bunch of installers varying across distributions, like windows has .exe and .msi based installers. If you look at the steam installer from the website its a .deb package. That package is meant for debian. But, since Ubuntu is a debian derivative most .deb packages seem to work here.

Great, so now we need to know if we can install .deb packages to a specific location. Take a look at this answer about the same. After reading the answer, if you looked into the package the way @soulsource said, you realize we are in the unlucky category where the files have to go where it has to, else steam will not work.

So, what can we do? There are a bunch of alternatives suggested in the shared answer - but, here's my 5 cents.

I don't know about your usage of Ubuntu, but if it is just for steam, may I suggest you install Ubuntu on that HDD itself and let the installer work the way it should and as an added bonus you get to leave your games on the same drive.
Another way that I'd like to suggest is (I haven't tried it, since I don't want to install steam on my Ubuntu) is you play with chroot. Use the install prefix dir mentioned in the shared answer and then copy over whatever is actually required by steam  from your actual root file system to your folder, preserving directory hierarchy and write a script to chroot to the folder and then call steam's executable.
Here is the last one I got, install steamOS on that other HDD of yours and don't worry about a thing. It has automatic driver updates (including for graphics) and all the other good stuff.

1 and 3 are by far the easiest. 2 is the toughest, tougher than most answers you will find, but if you experiment with 2 you will learn a great deal about the Linux FS and more because it harder to do this for GUI apps XD. Among the easiest, I would prefer 3 since Valve takes care of everything so that your games always run.


GPS nmea output, saving only last record to external file linux

How about this:

watch -n 1 "tail -n 1 /dev/ttyUSB0 > gpsout.tr"


Upgrading Ubuntu(32 bit) 10.10 -> 11.04 fails and causes a kernel panic on boot

By providing a link on /lib to a 3rd party libc, you are causing the dynamic linker to use the 3rd party libc instead of the system library, for all binaries that need libc. You should not do it, it could have broken your system but not allow to launch any system binaries.

If you need a specific application to use it's own library versions, create a script and use the LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable like this:

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/abc/lib
/opt/abc/bin/run


I have successfully installed CUDA 10.0 on Kubuntu 18.10. You need the runfile and gcc version 6.

Go to the CUDA download site. Click on Linux -> x86_64 -> Ubuntu -> 18.04 (although we have 18.10) -> runfile (local).
Open a new terminal environment with CtrlAltF2 (I think on Ubuntu the default windows environment is on F7, while in Kubuntu is on F1) and login as root.
Stop the display manager in order to stop the X server and install the drivers successfully. For me, on Kubuntu 18.10 that was achieved with:
service sddm stop
To find out your display manager, you can try running
pgrep -l dm
Run the CUDA installer with the override option:
./cuda_10.0.130_410.48_linux --override
The override option will ignore the compiler version check. CUDA requires gcc version 6, but the installation goes fine with gcc version 8 too. The override option allow us to proceed using a later version of the compiler. Install the drivers, the toolkit and the samples too.
Restart the desktop manager
service sddm start
and switch again to the desktop environment.
Add the CUDA include directory and the CUDA library directory to your .bashrc file. I have installed CUDA under /usr/local/cuda-10.0, so I had to addexport PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cuda-10.0/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/cuda-10.0/lib64/
Go to the samples directory and compile them. This time gcc version 6 is required. Install it
sudo apt-get install g++-6
and compile the samples using g++ version 6 as the compiler
make HOST_COMPILER=g++-6

Done!


Ubuntu package installation - get % progress

On ubuntu 14.04:

You can turn on the fancy progress bar in apt by running the following commands on a terminal (open by pressing Alt+F2 and then typing "terminal"):

sudo -i

and then enter your password and then

echo 'Dpkg::Progress-Fancy "1";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99progressbar

Note that this will give you the percentage for package installation and not downloading + installation. You already get the percentage of file(s) downloaded in apt without any configuration changes.

(Source)


Install driver Nvidia 304 with software updater ubuntu 18.04

The nvidia-304 is not available from official repositories of 18.04 LTS.

You can try to add “Graphics Drivers” team PPA to your system first:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-graphics-drivers-304

On my system it fails with dependency issue (xorg-video-abi-23), so I have e-mailed to PPA owners to get the fix.


pip install is not installing executables in /usr/local/bin

Open a terminal and run:

pip uninstall git-review
sudo pip uninstall git-review
sudo pip install --prefix /usr/local git-review
git review --version

The last command should output something like git-review version 1.25.0.


How do I use a DV Camcorder as a Webcam?

As you state that the Camcorder does work with webcamstudio then this should be possible although it would take a bit of manipulation. These instructions may help if you wish to specify the camcorder to act as default for certain programmes (you'd need to change 'skype' to whatever programme you wished to use the camcorder:
[SOLVED] Use a DV cam as a webcam - Ubuntu Forums

Install "dv4l" from the Ubuntu Software Center (on the "Applications" menu on your desktop)
Edit your user groups so that you can use the video device. Open System-> Admin-> Users and Groups, Click advanced settings for your account, click user privelages tab, ensure there is a checkmark by the "Use Video device" option and hit "OK". Then click "Manage Groups", scroll to "Video", click "Properties" and ensure your user name is part of that group.
Create an application launcher (right click desktop and select "Create Launcher". Type a name such as "Skype with DV/Cam" and for the command put:
dv4lstart skype /dev/video0
Restart your computer and double click your launcher. Make sure you select the new "webcam" in the Skype options.


Installing ubuntu desktop without all the bloat

Well, a lot of the potential bloat in the ubuntu-desktop meta package are listed as Recommends. Hence you could try installing the page with only its hard dependencies using the following apt-get command:

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop

You can see the list of Dependencies vs. Recommends at https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/ubuntu-desktop

You can also get that information from this apt-cache command:

apt-cache show ubuntu-desktop


How to cache (more) data on SSD/RAM to avoid spin up?

you can use BCache on Linux to enable caching of the file drive by using your SSD as a cache. That should probably alleviate any need to spin up the disks for read operations. Just shrink your existing os partition and set aside a few gigs for use as a cache.


indicator-cpufreq can be found in the Software Center by searching "cpu frequency" and then clicking on the "show technical items" option:

And this is what it looks like, to compare what you were used to in 10.04:

Note that you may need to put it in startup if you don't wish to start it manually every time -- usually it should go into Startup Applications automatically, like this:


How can I prevent programs from running reboot scripts or "reload your computer scripts from start up"?

The actions you mentioned, rebooting and installing, can only be done by root. So, if you deny those programs root access you'll be fine.  And anyway, you shouldn't allow random programs to run as root.

This is the default behavior. Remember,  don't type "sudo"  before a command unless your command actually needs root access and you've verified that it won't work without root.  Also,  don't type your password into a password prompt unless you're sure about what will happen.


How to open GNU GRUB with timeout 0 and default boot set to memtest?

You are going to have to edit GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0

Sudo into /etc/default/grub - find that entry and comment out or set timeout back to 10. Save and exit then reboot.
Hold the shift key down after the bios boots.

Once you're on the boot screen you can choose from the menu options to hopefully fix your issue. You can go back into /etc/default/grub afterwards and uncomment the timeout line or back to =0

Have fun


Just create a launcher in your desktop..

Right click in your desktop-->Click Create Launcher

It will bring a window.In the name field you can write wat ever name you want..In the command field type mono /path/to/the/MYPROGRAM.exe without quotes thats it.

Now you can click this shortcut to launch your program.


Installing nVidia drivers for Quadro FX 880M on 10.10 caused shutdown/startup issues

Ok. I think I figured out to resolve this. I can't believe it is so simple. Just went to this page on Ubuntu Wiki - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BinaryDriverHowto/Nvidia
and then followed the recommended steps for Ubuntu 10.10 & we are all set. Just pasting here steps for reference -

  Version 96.43.18 is broken ,Go to
  System->Administration->Software
  sources then go to the update's
  tab--tick proposed update
  sources--close & refesh. please follow
  this link for more infomantion
  http://joeslifewithubuntu.blogspot.com/2010/12/update-on-nvidia-96-driver-with-ubuntu.html


d????????? "cannot access (dirname): No such device"

Sometimes asking a question out loud (and hearing responses) lets one rethink a problem more clearly. Hence, some refocused Google searching revealed an answer: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-newbie-8/ls-shows-directory-attributes-as-question-marks-942157/

Those are the symptoms of a failed attempt to mount a CIFS share. umount clears the problem and allows it to be properly remounted.


Strange message now appears when I open up my terminal

I don't think that this error has something to do with the installation of MySQL, but anyway...

Open your ~/.bashrc file (from terminal with gedit ~/.bashrc), search for the following line:

“alias android-disconnect=”fusermount -u /media/GalaxyNexus”

and replace it with:

alias android-disconnect='fusermount -u /media/GalaxyNexus'

This line define an alias (android-disconnect) for this command: fusermount -u /media/GalaxyNexus. If you don't intend to use this alias in the future, is better to delete the above line.


The easiest terminal editor to use is probably going to be nano so a command like this could work:

nano /etc/default/grub

You didn't specify exactly which of the grub configuration files you were editing. So it might be you have to type a different file name.


Creating new database on oracle database 11g XE

Oracle XE is installed as an RPM and supported on RedHat and Oracle Enterprise Linux (for Linux installs). Given that you have done a non-standard install it is virtually impossible to answer your question from what you gave for your installation and configuration.
On a general level you create new databases (typically) using the Database Creation Assistant (dbca). Follow the prompts.


How to remove a user from jail with Jailkit?

jk_jailuser - a utility to put an existing user in a jail

This seems to be true, it doesn't give you any option to remove a user from the jail.

Let us see what happens when you jail a user. Example:

To jail user jane, you use the command
jk_jailuser -m -j /home/jail jane.
The entry for user jane in /etc/passwd will be changed to this:

jane:x:1016:1016::/home/jail/./home/jane:/usr/sbin/jk_chrootsh

To unjail user jane you need to change the entry in /etc/passwd

I can't know how your original entry looked like, so here an example for the entry of my own account in
/etc/passwd:

mook:x:1000:1000:Mook,,,:/home/mook:/bin/bash

Here some additional information about the syntax for entries in /etc/passwd

jane:x:1021:1020:Jane,,,:/home/jane:/bin/bash
____ _ ____ ____ _______ __________ _________
 1   2  3    4      5        6         7

1:  Username: It is used when user logs in. It should be between
    1 and 32 characters in length.
2:  Password: An x character indicates that encrypted password
    is stored in /etc/shadow file.
3:  User ID (UID): Each user must be assigned a user ID (UID).
    UID 0 (zero) is reserved for root and UIDs 1-99 are reserved
    for other predefined accounts. Further UID 100-999 are reserved by
    system for administrative and system accounts/groups.
4:  Group ID (GID): The primary group ID (stored in /etc/group file)
5:  User ID Info: The comment field. It allow you to add extra information
    about the users such as user’s full name, phone number etc. This field
    use by finger command.
6:  Home directory: The absolute path to the directory the user will be in
    when they log in.If this directory does not exists then users directory
    becomes /.
7:  Command/shell: The absolute path of a command or shell (/bin/bash).
    Typically, this is a shell.Please note that it does not have to be
    a shell.

After editing the entry in /etc/passwd correctly, your user should be free...


Fan keeps turning on/off everytime I use a browser on Acer Aspire with Ubuntu 14.04

Browsers these days can be very CPU intensive and the laptop knows this when the fan comes on to cool things down, then goes off for a while until hot again...  This is normal...  You could try a different browser to see if that helps any, my personal favourite is Midori as it's very light and my laptop fan hardly comes on when using that...


How can I see what Openstack services have been deployed to which servers once Openstack Autopilot has completed successfully?

Similarly to:  Landscape openstack juju management

You can use the following:

# If you used the install-openstack tool, you want to do this first:
export JUJU_HOME=~/.cloud-install/juju
juju status

# Get an interactive shell with the right ENV sourced on the landscape
# server itself.
juju ssh landscape/0 sudo 'JUJU_HOME=/var/lib/landscape/juju-homes/`sudo ls -rt /var/lib/landscape/juju-homes/ | tail -1` sudo -u landscape -E bash'

# (or maybe this depending on your version of the tools)
juju ssh landscape-server/0 sudo 'JUJU_HOME=/var/lib/landscape/juju-homes/`sudo ls -rt /var/lib/landscape/juju-homes/ | tail -1` sudo -u landscape -E bash'

# You should see a lot of openstack services with this command:
juju status


So I ended up changing the dns in the /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml to

    nameservers:
        addresses:
        - 8.8.8.8
        - 4.2.2.2

Since I had the first one as 1.1.1.1.  and that was causing issues


Use the last command for similar output.
You can also use journalctl --list-boots as mentioned in this previous answer Where can I find the boot log?


There is most likely a problem database in your /var/lib/mysql.  You can perform these steps to ensure you are performing a clean install.  After a successful clean install you can systematically bring in your previous databases or configurations.

First clean the failed install with:

$ sudo apt-get remove --purge mysql-*

then remove or rename the configuration directory and mysql database directory.  Since your mysql database directory may contain previous databases that you don't want to lose, rename it (this is the /var/lib/mysql folder).

Perform these steps:
from the directory /etc execute:

$ sudo mv mysql mysql.old

from the /var/lib directory (this is your database directory) execute:

$ sudo mv mysql mysql.old

Now perform your normal mysql install:

$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server

If you had databases in your previous /var/lib/mysql directory you can use the following to get them back.  After bringing them back you can perform regular commands to rebuild/check the tables:

$ sudo service mysql stop
$ sudo mv mysql mysql.new
$ sudo mv mysql.old mysql
$ sudo service mysql start


Whats the difference between NVIDIA third-party free and distro non-free drivers?

Both the 435 driver from Ubuntu repositories and the 440 from ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa are proprietary Nvidia drivers. None of them are free.

You can pick any of those and test. There shouldn't be much difference.

But the 440 are the latest with some improvements that you can see at Nvidia site.


Eclipse installation process - initial "sudo mv eclipse /opt" Not working

When you login as su - your environment changes, you are now root and current working directory is /root

skolodya@ubuntu:$ su -
Password:
$ pwd
/root

What you need to do is mv /home/$USER/eclipse /opt . Note: change
$USER to your actual user name

Side note: When you run as root you dont need sudo. As regular user , without login in to su - you could just do sudo mv ~/Documents/eclipse /opt and that would do it, because your environment with sudo wouldn't change


Edit the file (or create) /etc/modprobe.d/options.conf, add the line

options iwlagn 11n_disable=1

or

options iwlagn 11n_disable50=1

Try each and see which works for you.

Reboot for testing on each line you are testing

sudo reboot


I would advise you to uninstall the manually installed version and then download this deb and install it. (Packaged by prakash advani here)


Can I install a dualboot and start the windows boot from linux terminal?

Yes and no.

You cannot generally switch from one running operating system to another. You would always need to reboot to do that.

Alternatively you can install a new instance of Windows inside a virtual machine that runs from inside of Linux. You would then be able to resume and suspend that virtual machine without rebooting to use alongside Linux.


If you use shell features you need to use sh -c "the command".
Also, with Wine you need to set the current directory for some stuff. man wine


DUAL boot issues with windows 8 and Ubuntu 12.04

I recently successfully dual boot Ubuntu 12.04 LTS / Windows 8 on a pre-loaded Toshiba Satellite C55-A5310 laptop. Following are some suggestions base on community feedback.

Both Ubuntu and Windows can be dual booted in UEFI mode. This is the preferred method.
Know your hardware. Example CPU, Graphic Card, etc. This will greatly benefit the process.
Create Windows 8 Recovery disk. (Cannot emphasis this any more)

Following are the summary of the steps I followed. For more detail refer to the referances below. They were a good source.

Create Recovery Media - Cannot emphasis the importance.
Using windows disk manage shrink windows partition
Create boot-able drive with Ubuntu (I created a DVD, you can use USB too)
Turn off fast boot and disable secure boot
Run the Ubuntu installer
Partition the empty space ( Created after shirking the Windows partition)
Install Ubuntu
Reboot into the Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
Install and Run the boot repair (I chose the following: Boot Repair => Buggy-kernel detected => Yes)
Install Grub in PBR

As mentioned the above steps are described in greater detail in the following reference article.

I also ran into RTL8188EE wireless not detected issues to which a solution was found here. Also blank screen after grub all was an issue which I have documented here.

References

Dual boot windows 8 and ubuntu-12-10 in uefi mode
Install Ubuntu Linux alongside windows
Installing Ubuntu on a Pre-Installed Windows 8 (64-bit) System (UEFI Supported)
Install Ubuntu 14.04 alongside Windows 8.1 in 10 easy steps
How to Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 10


Try with your hostname after cqlsh followed by the port number.

cqlsh <hostname> <9042>

or

cqlsh <hostname>


I had this same exact issue. I solved it by shutting down, going to my virtual machine settings and selecting display. I changed the graphics controller to VBoxVGA, yours might be different, just interchange the available options. I hope this helps


Laptop suspend appears broken, what must I roll back?

I do not know yet how to solve this problem; however, to manually suspend and lock the screen in KUbuntu (and perhaps Ubuntu?) I've aliased a command which I'm sure others can use -- so I want to post it here.  I'm also going to reclaim the bounty and keep offering it until someone answers...

If you do:

sudo qdbus org.freedesktop.ScreenSaver /ScreenSaver Lock; sudo pm-suspend

This will first lock the screen and then issue a suspend command.  Although sudo isn't needed for the first command, you'll want to enter the password before the screen locks because you'll have to unlock it to gain sudo ability to suspend if you don't.


How to make midori accept letsencrypt.org certificates?

I believe Midori has stopped been developed. Switch to Epiphany (Web), similar to Midori and very light also.

sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser

You can also tweak it from Dconf-editor.


How can I lock the keyboard and mouse when playing video

Try xtrlock,

  xtrlock locks the X server till the user enters their password  at
  the
         keyboard.

   While  xtrlock  is  running, the mouse and keyboard are grabbed and the
   mouse cursor becomes a padlock.  Output displayed by  X  programs,  and
   windows  put  up  by new X clients, continue to be visible, and any new
   output is displayed normally.

   The mouse and keyboard are returned when the user types their password,
   followed  by Enter or Newline.  If an incorrect password is entered the
   bell is sounded.  Pressing Backspace or Delete erases one character  of
   a  password  partially  typed; pressing Escape or Clear clears anything
   that has been entered.

   If too many attempts are made in too short a  time  further  keystrokes
   generate bells and are otherwise ignored until a timeout has expired.

   The  X  server  screen saver continues to operate normally; if it comes
   into operation the display may  be  restored  by  the  usual  means  of
   touching a key (Shift, for example) or the mouse.

install it using

sudo apt-get install xtrlock

Open terminal run xtrlock to lock the Keyboard and mouse inputs .

Caution , Enter your Active user Password to unlock it and press enter.


Connect 4.1 speakers to Acer V3-571G with Ubuntu 12.10

Some sound cards support a 2.1 setup with headphone/mic but I've only ever seen that once, on a very high-end laptop. That was also with a proprietary Windows driver. I've no idea if that would ever support Linux. 4.1 in this vein will be impossible. 4.1 will require at least three jacks.

The solution is simple: a cheapy 5.1 USB soundcard dongle. The Zalman ZM-RSSC, for example, can be bought for under $10. It's on lead to plug in and you're away.


RKHunter is famous for it's false positives. ClamAV is better!

Those 3 hidden directories are not dangerous! I get exactly these notifications since 2010.

The /etc/.java is created by Oracle Java and also by OpenJDK for digital certificates.

The /dev/.udev is created by the udevd daemon.

The /dev/.initramfs symlink for /run/initramfs is where the initial ram filesystem is mounted during the system boot process.

You can remove them without problem, they will be recreated by the system when necessary.


for graphical applications, such as gedit, you should use gksu

gksu gedit /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.upower.policy

alternately, you can try nano

sudo nano /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.upower.policy


Are there any Linux programs that can easily write and edit interlinear text?

I've never used it myself, but it looks like mule is designed to handle this.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MULE

  MULE is the MULtilingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs.

  MULE provides facilities not only for handling text written in many different languages (at least 42 character sets, 53 coding sets, 128 input methods, and 58 languages[1]), but in fact multilingual texts containing several languages in the same buffer.


Ubuntu 12.04 I can't download anything... at all

If there is an issue with the software centre, try reinstalling it.

Press CTRL+ALT+T simultaneously to enter terminal.

To uninstall Software Center:

sudo apt-get remove software-center

sudo apt-get autoremove software-center

To re-install Software Center:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install software-center

If the software centre is working fine, check if the internet connection is working properly.

Press CTRL+ALT+T simultaneously to enter terminal.

Type rfkill list

It should display the lan ,blurtooth and wifi options.If any of it is blocked, enter

rfkill unblock wifi  (to correct wifi options).


The behaviour of stopped networking has changed between Ubuntu 12 and 13 because the networking job is no longer a task. That causes the stopped networking condition to fire, effectively, on system shutdown.

The times when the job seems to have fired early are presumably times when it has actually fired just before the reboot.

There is a bug report about the cookbook suggesting "stopped networking" without mentioning it's changed behaviour between releases. I have moved to static-network-up which appears to fire after ifup -a has been run so is probably much the same. The cookbook suggests this won't work on anything older than Ubuntu 11 however.


grub is not showing after installing of ubuntu 13.04 on windows8

Follow this thread
http://www.howtogeek.com/114884/how-to-repair-grub2-when-ubuntu-wont-boot/

Basically, make a live USB or CD of ubuntu and install boot-repair, then apply recommended repair


I think I may be running two instances of Ubuntu at the same time

It is probably that you have taken a screenshot of your desktop and saved it as your wallpaper! Change your wallpaper and you'll see the change!


You might make sure you have the official distribution from Plex.  You'll find it at Plex Media Server Downloads.
The install steps as provided on the page are these two command-lines.  The first one adds deb https://downloads.plex.tv/repo/deb/ public main to your /ec/apt/sources.list.  The second one adds the key signature.  The third line updates your repository cache.  And the last line installs the server.
If you already have it installed, the steps would upgrade your installation to the lastest.
$ echo deb https://downloads.plex.tv/repo/deb/ public main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/plexmediaserver.list
$ curl https://downloads.plex.tv/plex-keys/PlexSign.key | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt-get install plexmediaserver

I don't know how you are trying to structure your folder, but you can use the GUI option by typing Plex Media Manager in the Ubuntu Dash search to launch it.
Add a Library
From the Home screen (identified by a house icon at the top left) click Add Library.  Select the type of library you will be  adding from the selection of Movies, TV Shows, Music, Photos, and Other Videos.  For this example I"m clicking on Movies.  Answer the GUI screen for the Language and enter a name for this Movie library.  I already have others set.  For this guide I'm entering Movies Test for the name.
Browse to the location of your content
Click Next,  Now click on the BROWSE FOR MEDIA FOLDER.  This will bring you to a screen where you can navigate the folders of your system.  Navigate to where your Movies are just as you would the file browser in Windows.  In this example I'm navigating to my personal home folder that is named Videos.  When you find the folder you want to add, click ADD.  It will show you the full of the folder you have selected.  You could also type the location there.  Now click Add Library.
At this point, all the videos I have in this folder are added to the Library called Movies Test.
This is a template for setting up your drives:
Run these commands to make mounting points for your drives:
$ sudo mkdir -p /mnt2/media1
$ sudo mkdir -p /mnt2/media2

Add this to your /etc/fstab:
UUID="1CD8EDEAD8EDC25E" /mnt2/media1 ntfs defaults 0 0
UUID="6AB64E00B64DCCEF" /mnt2/media2 ntfs defaults 0 0

You can activate this new setting by running:
$ sudo mountall

Now you can navigate to those through your file browser or the Plex GUI by looking at the location: /mnt2/media1 and /mnt2/media2.


How to install nvidia GeForce GT525M driver on Ubuntu12.04

I see you have a MOBILE graphics card on your computer, so I'd assumed you also have Intel Integrated graphics, and your graphics are hybrid switchable. Hope this helps!
Below are instructions for restoring the elegant Unity 3D in your computer:
NOTE: Should work when you have a laptop fitted with MOBILE (GxxxM) Nvidia graphics card and has capability of switching graphics (ie. you have Intel Integrated graphics as well). This is a special case of graphics issue and must be handled differently.
Remove all nvidia drivers, install only x-swat PPAs (uses OpenGL and mesa-libs):
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates

or you can manually add in Update Manager settings, in the tab Other Software, type in the following APT line:
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates/ubuntu precise main

Then, perform a list update and install the appropriate driver:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-intel

Remove all Nvidia drivers, install mesa-utils:
sudo apt-get remove nvidia-current nvidia-graphics-drivers
sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo apt-get install mesa-utils

Type in the following line in terminal, if there's an error saying no GLX found in display, proceed
glxinfo

Reinstalling all components to refresh:
sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-video-intel libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg
sudo update-alternatives --remove gl_conf /usr/lib/nvidia-current/ld.so.conf

Reset Unity (CLOSE AND SAVE EVERYTHING BEFORE DOING): (add sudo in front if superuser required)
unity --reset

Now wait till everything stabilises (even though your terminal window will go randomly on top and unmovable, no big deal), then (force?) relog in Ubuntu. You should see your perfect Unity 3D waiting for you.

(Did I mention that this worked so well for me? Had exactly the same problem as you before, searched high and low for solutions that don't apply, finally went through this.)
Ubuntu 12.04 Precise Pangolin 64bit, Geforce 310M with CUDA, Intel Core i5-460M.


How do I get three monitors working with Nvidia?

I think that you should be able to do that with installing official nvidia drivers and running nvidia-config

sudo nvidia-config


How do I add pcie_aspm=force to my boot options?

To apply it to all kernels, edit /etc/default/grub (root privileges required) and change:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pcie_aspm=force"

Run sudo update-grub afterwards.

To edit the boot options on startup, hold Esc while starting GRUB (after the BIOS POST). Press E on the selected entry, use your arrows to move and keyboard to type. When done, press Ctrl + X to boot.


GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6

There's something pretty suspicious about a 64-bit Debian-based system (Kubuntu) with a /lib32 directory.  The fact that you have massively out-of-date DSOs installed in /lib is also indicative of extreme malevolence done on your system.  I suspect you installed something from an arbitrary untrusted third party source and it trampled your system in unfortunate ways.

That said, if you're going to start manually mucking about with your critical system libraries you're going to have to make sure you get it right or your only choice will be to nuke and reinstall the whole system from scratch.

It sounds from your description like you have a whole slew of incorrect libraries installed in /lib that are munging your system.  Try running ldd /usr/lib/rstudio/bin/rsession and going through the resulting list, one at a time, and linking those files to the right ones.


How to solve Bazaar error bzr: ERROR: unknown command "*****"?

To tell Bazaar who you are, simply run:

$ bzr whoami "Bob Dobbs <subgenius@example.com>"
$ bzr launchpad-login subgenius

  whoami will tell Bazaar which name and email address it should use for your
  commit messages. With launchpad-login you set your Launchpad ID. This way
  code that you publish in Launchpad will be associated with you.

  Note: If you can not remember the ID, go to https://launchpad.net/~ and see
  where it redirects you. The part after the “~” in the URL is your Launchpad ID.)

(passage quoted from the guide you mentioned)

If you read through that passage again, you see that not launchpad-login has to be replaced, but subgenius, which is obviously the name of the person who wrote that guide.

The command is bzr launchpad-login YOURLAUNCHPADNAME.


udev rules seem ignored; can not prevent modem manager from grabbing device

While there may be a way to do this with udev, I found a much simpler working solution at this AskUbuntu question.

To summarize, you can tell Network Manager not to manage certain devices by adding a line to its .conf file.

First, find your cell phone's mac address. Run dmesg from the terminal after you plug it in; one of the print outs should have the mac. The line for me was:

[ 4691.112016] cdc_ether 3-1:1.3 usb0: register 'cdc_ether' at usb-0000:00:14.0-1, CDC Ethernet Device, de:1a:28:c7:db:e6

Next, open /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf with super user privledges, and add a your phone's mac as an unmanaged device. This is my NetworkManager.conf; I added the last two lines.

[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
dns=dnsmasq

[ifupdown]
managed=false

[keyfile]
unmanaged-devices=mac:de:1a:28:c7:db:e6


Install Nvidia driver for CUDA to use "GPU" option in Blender (ubuntu (13.10-) 14.04)

(Please see the update below)

For me, I had to:

Install proprietary drivers distributed by Nvidia (recommended here)
Install Blender via the ppa
Install nvidia-modprobe (recommended here), without it Blender would throw cuda cuinit: unknown error ubuntu
Reboot

So,

# Proprietary nvidia
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates

# PPA for Blender
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:thomas-schiex/blender

# Update..
sudo apt-get update

# Install
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current nvidia-modprobe blender

# Reboot

This was for Ubuntu 14.04, Blender 2.73,  GeForce GTX 650 Ti.

Otherwise, using the ubuntu nvidia stuff, building blender from source, running blender from the downloaded tar ball, etc.. all failed.

UPDATE

This all seemed to work until I tried to render, but then I got

Failed loading render kernel, see console for errors

Then on the console:

 Cycles shader graph connect: can only connect closure to closure (image_texture.Color to output.Surface).
 Unsupported CUDA version 5.5 detected, you need CUDA 6.5.

Installing CUDA 6.5 involved completely installing nvidia-337 (otherwise you get a lot of cuda-6-5 : Depends: .... (=....) but it is not going to be installed. (as shown here) and instead installing nvidia-340.

To install this nvidia-340,

# nvidia PPA for v340
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mamarley/nvidia

# Update
sudo apt-get update

# install nvidia and cuda
sudo apt-get install nvidia-340 cuda-6-5

# Reboot

Other sites (AskUbuntu on Lubuntu, R Tutorial, etc) recommend installing from the .run, but I had no issue just using apt-get.  The process did archive (rename) my xorg.conf file which disabled my edit file, but that was simple to revert.


How to fix this error I got while Re-installing dropbox?

I had a similar issue. I found the answer in the following post
https://askubuntu.com/a/432485

Note the "sudo apt-get autoremove" which allows you to remove packages

sudo apt-get autoremove

so that you can do as follows to remove any broken packages.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get remove dropbox
sudo apt-get install dropbox


It is known bug of Wayland (I read it as "high security is better than user comfort" and I do not support developer's logic).
It was already reported (see bug 1652282).
Other root applications are broken on Wayland too (see bug 1713313 and bug 1713311
).

You should switch to "Ubuntu on Xorg" session for such applications.

For applications which use su-to-root and pkexec you may want to add this code to /etc/xdg/autostart/xhost.desktop (see my comment at launchpad) at your own risk with command below:

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/xdg/autostart/xhost.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Name=xhost
Comment=Fix graphical root applications
Exec="xhost +si:localuser:root"
Terminal=false
Type=Application
EOF

If you do not want permanent solution, you may use @ravery's method:

  just type xhost +si:localuser:root in the terminal before launching gparted


UBUNTU 14.04 No audio is being produced?

It looks like the drivers were made for kernel 2.4/2.6, which is extremely out dated. And are you sure you have a realtek sound card? But anyway see SoundTroubleshootingProcedure.


Hardware on Inspiron 7559 Not being properly recognized

What do you mean by Downgrading, do you mean you installed Ubuntu 16.04 over an existing Copy of 18.04 by selecting Upgrade Ubuntu when booting from the installation medium? If so, that might have created some dangerous inconsistencies that might explain your loss of functionality. The cleanest solution that I can think of to rectify the situation should this be the case is that you should back up your home folder and important documents and then cleanly install 16.04.

However, if you cleanly installed 16.04 I would install the TLP package and the hardware enablement stack. It gives you access to later Kernel releases and enables the heat sensors on your laptop which help a great deal with the fan noise.

As far as the Trackpad is concerned I'd recommend connecting your machine to the internet via ethernet and sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade and see if there are any optional driver packages you can enable.