Triple-boot get list of missing packages on different partition

The power of dpkg, diff and grep
My answer is based on this Q&A: Set difference of packages installed on 2 machines. The differences are:

There are two different partitions not two different servers
apt is broken in my old 16.04 partition, so dpkg is used instead

I mounted my old 16.04 partition as /mnt/old and typed the following:
/mnt/old$ dpkg --admindir=var/lib/dpkg --get-selections|sort > ~/installed-old
/mnt/old$ dpkg --admindir=/var/lib/dpkg --get-selections|sort > ~/installed-new
/mnt/old$ diff -u ~/installed-old ~/installed-new > ~/compare-old-new
/mnt/old$ cat ~/compare-old-new | grep '^-' | grep -v -e '^-lib' -e '^-linux' | wc -l
257

So there are potentially 257 packages that need to be reinstalled but many of them will be auto-installed by a package that depends on them.
What the list looks like
Here's a snippet of the list when the command cat ~/compare-old-new | grep '^-' | grep -v -e '^-lib' -e '^-linux' is used:
-mesa-utils                 install
-mesa-vdpau-drivers:amd64   install
-milou                      install
-mkusb-common               install
-mkusb                      install
-mkusb-nox                  install
-module-init-tools          install
-mutter-common              install
-mutter                     install
-mysql-common               install
-nasm                       install
-nautilus-hide              install
-nautilus-image-converter   install
-ntrack-module-libnl-0      deinstall
-nvidia-384                 deinstall
-nvidia-390                 deinstall
-nvidia-opencl-icd-384      deinstall
-nvidia-opencl-icd-390      deinstall
-nvidia-prime               deinstall
-nvidia-settings            deinstall
-nvme-cli                   install
-ocl-icd-libopencl1:amd64   install
-oracle-java8-installer     install
-oracle-java8-set-default   install
-oxideqt-codecs:amd64       install
-oxygen5-icon-theme         deinstall
-pavucontrol                install
-peek                       install

Most of the snipped are packages installed to answer a question in Ask Ubuntu. From this snippet I only need to reinstall: mesa-utils, mutter, nvme-cli, pavucontrol and peek.
Packages branded deinstall can be ignored: dpkg --get-selections shows packages marked "deinstall"


Editing of a saved LibreOffice writer document in MS WordPad

I'm assuming you are trying to open a Libreoffice document is MS WordPad in windows for this answer.

MS WordPad natively reads RTF but can open Word 6-2003 .doc format.

Thus you will need to use Libreoffice SaveAs function and change the output type to either RTF or Microsoft Word 6 - 2003

Obviously, converting from one file format to another file format can lose some formatting capabilities.  Thus you will need to experiment:

Try to keep your Libreoffice/MS WordPad documents simple.  A good guide would be - if MS Wordpad cant do a particular function or capability, then dont do the capability in Libreoffice.
When writing in Libreoffice, use the fonts available in MS WordPad as a guide- or at least similar sounding names.  Remember to use the TrueType fonts in the msttcorefonts package.


Scribus property window doesn't move expectedly

This may be an undesired effect of the "Attach Modal Dialogs" feature. With this setting on, a modal dialog is attached to the parent window, and cannot be moved. This is on by default in Gnome Shell.
Turn this feature off in Gnome Tweaks, on the "Windows" tab. Then, these dialogs will behave independently as any other windows. It then becomes possible to move it to see what is underneath if needed.


Firefox does not start; could not create accelerators directory

First of all, make sure you are the owner of the accels directory. Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and run :

sudo chown -R "$USER:$USER" "${HOME}/.gnome2/accels"

Then, try to launch firefox again.


Ctrl + V and Ctrl + C doesn't work in Intellij IDEA 14.0.2

I had this problem and it was driving me absolutely insane.

If you want to keep using the vim plugin, and have ^c and ^v  work for copy / paste like it does in other applications, then you need to go to your settings, and select Other Settings / Vim Emulation (as shown below)....   Then make sure that both ^c and ^v are set to be handled by the IDE (not Vim!) and everything should work fine.


Can't install ubuntu onto brand new hard drive

I've experienced this in the past and found that it occurred when I burned the CD at a high speed (say 24x on a 24x drive).  By reducing the burn speed to say 4x I was able to get it to boot and read correctly (in my situation it started to boot but failed quickly with read errors).


How to remove the menu in the top panel?

By the looks, that's the Ubuntu global menu. To remove it, open a terminal and paste this

sudo apt-get remove appmenu-gtk3 appmenu-gtk appmenu-qt

You may need to restart your computer afterwards. If you wver want them back, simply reinstall the packages.


Only mouse is responsive after closing laptop lid

Here's the relevant bug report:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/728101


ubuntu 14.10 install fail in virtual box

Have you tried completely deleting that virtual machine, and creating a new one and installing from the new one?  That sometimes does the trick.  I also recommend using vmware player.  Fewer errors occur when using vmware.  I used virtualbox for quite a while, and I always got some sort of error.  I then started using vmware, and i haven't gotten any errors since.
Tanner


Cannot edit group-owned files as user belonging to that group

You're setting 644 which is group read, not write!

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /srv/www
sudo chmod -R g+w /srv/www


KDE Connect: how to reverse opening ports in ufw?

Yes, you can remove any rule by inserting delete into the command like you showed.
No, you don't need to reload ufw to apply rules - ufw is not a service, it "just" generates/saves/deletes proper iptables/ip6tables rules.

You can always check the results with

sudo iptables-save | grep 1714
sudo ip6tables-save | grep 1714

Btw: it might be a good idea to restrict the rules to devices on your local network (especially when you are not behind some sort of NAT-router/firewall), I also added a comment to the rules.

sudo ufw allow proto udp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 1714:1764 comment 'kdeconnect'
sudo ufw allow proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 1714:1764 comment 'kdeconnect'
sudo ufw allow proto udp from 2a02:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx::/64 to any port 1714:1764 comment 'kdeconnect'
sudo ufw allow proto tcp from 2a02:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx::/64 to any port 1714:1764 comment 'kdeconnect'

You would delete those rules with

sudo ufw delete allow proto udp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 1714:1764
sudo ufw delete allow proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 1714:1764
sudo ufw delete allow proto udp from 2a02:8389:187:7000::/64 to any port 1714:1764
sudo ufw delete allow proto tcp from 2a02:8389:187:7000::/64 to any port 1714:1764

(You can omit the comments)


How to access windows shared folder from ubuntu without password?

Try to disable firewall on windows, or if you don't want to disable it, set the network as home or work network.
In default firewall settings the shares and network discovery is blocked.


PLEASE NOTE THAT 12.04 PRECISE PANGOLIN, AS STABLE IT MAY LOOK, IT IS STILL A UNDER-DEVELOPMENT VERSION WHICH MAY LEAD TO CRASH, FOLLOW AT YOUR OWN CAUTION.

Still, newer kernels may have fixed this issue, you should give a shot at Ubuntu 12.04 beta1, which you may download here.


Need shortcut to New Document context submenu in Nautilus

Press Ctrl+F10. This keystroke displays the context menu as if you right-clicked an empty space.

Alternatively, first make sure you don't have a file selected (if not, press Ctrl+Space to unselect it). Then press Shift+F10 to open the context menu (right-click menu). If your keyboard has a "menu key", you can use it instead of the Shift+F10 combination.


Is Ubuntu Openstack free or does it cost money?

Thanks for getting in touch. My name is James Wengraf and you can reach me on james.wengraf@canonical.com or 0044 207 630 2463 and I sit on the Cloud Platforms team at our HQ.

In answer to your questions:

No
Yes
Automated installation better route to go, for many reasons. Please refer to Ubuntu OpenStack Autopilot, which will automate the installation for you. Our Landscape Systems management tool can provision up to 10 nodes for you  to test on.

In detail:

Yes, correct. You can use for free.
Yes, you can buy only support. There are caveats though. The cloud must be built using our tools.

I would recommend that you contact me so we can discuss further. I would like to know more about your use case. I can hopefully also give you some insight into what other OpenStack end users are doing.

Finally, for production workloads, I would actually recommend our BootStack offering. It will save you time and money and is one of our most advanced cloud platform products, specifically catering to smaller scale cloud deployments.


Does my hardware support 4TB disk with ubuntu server

Does Ubuntu server support 4TB disks ?

Yes, Linux has support for a lot larger disks. But there is a something to note:

You need a UEFI BIOS to use as boot drive that is over 2TB.
The limit of about 2TB is typical for MBR partitions. You need GPT.

Does my hardware support 4TB disks?

We do not provide support for hardware. But to  get you going: the name of the system is not important. You need to check the name of the BIOS and its version, and that it is UEFI to be able to boot from it.


How do I move a file from the Downloads folder into the opt folder on Ubuntu?

sudo cp -r /home/denisayebare/Downloads/ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz/opt/

is missing a space. It needs to be ...

sudo cp /home/denisayebare/Downloads/ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz /opt/

The -r is only for recursive copying so omit it when copying just files and no directories.


No sound through HDMI with an ATI Mobility

You will need to install the binary driver from Ati to be able to get HDMI sound working properly:

What is the correct way to install proprietary ATI Catalyst Video Drivers (fglrx) directly from AMD?

also pavucontrol  for sound preferences helps a lot also...

This was the only way I could get HDMI audio working properly and selecting the sources (Analogue or HDMI) for output for specific programs to work...


I wrote a bash script to handle this exact problem. You can get net-o-matic from https://github.com/waltinator/net-o-matic.git - Watch for (WiFi) network going down, then do a user-specified thing to fix it.

walt@bat:~(0)$ net-o-matic --help
net-o-matic [-h|--help] [-v|--verbose] <config.file>

Monitor the wireless network, and when it goes down, Do The
Next Thing (as specified by the <config.file>), to bring
the wireless net up.

The <config.file> contains #comments, blank lines, AND
single line commands, of your choice, to correct the
wireless network down condition. The first command in the
<config.file> will be executed the first time the net goes
down (or if the net is down when net-o-matic begins), the second
command will be executed the next time the net goes down,
and so forth, wrapping around at the end. The number of
single line commands in the <config.file> is unlimited.
walt@bat:~(2)$


The general rule is to use Windows to change the Windows partitions, and Ubuntu to change the Ubuntu partitions.

In this specific case, you are altering your root partition, and this cannot be done while that partition is active.  You will need to boot from a live USB, and run gparted from that USB to change the ext4 partition that you have for Linux.

Since the 33 GB linux partition is contiguous with a 100 GB unallocated space, you can expand the 33 GB partition to include some or all of that unallocated space.


In Ubuntu 17.10, how to rearrange icons in dock

Drag & drop! See the animated image below.

The solution above may be outdated or non-working. To rearrange the icons of the applications "pinned" (i.e. added to favourites) to the dock in the Terminal way, do this:

First open Terminal and run

gsettings get org.gnome.shell favorite-apps

You should get the list of .desktop files associated to the applications pinned to the dock in order, something like the following:

['appname-1.desktop', 'appname-2.desktop', 'appname-3.desktop', 'appname-4.desktop', 'appname-5.desktop']

Suppose you want to move the icon of the application associated to appname-3.desktop to the first position. In that case, run

gsettings set org.gnome.shell favorite-apps "['appname-3.desktop', 'appname-1.desktop', 'appname-2.desktop', 'appname-4.desktop', 'appname-5.desktop']"

and so on.


How to make pavucontrol changes permanent?

A simple configuration setting helped me so far (half a year) on Ubuntu LTS 12.04. In pavucontrol in the last tab "configuration", I have two "Built-in Audio" section where I can choose a profile. The first one had "Digital Stereo (HDMI) Output" as profile. I changed this to "Off" and I had the above described problem not anymore. Here is a screenshot:


I made a guide for that, a full recording :)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sPGEwqoXA0 also read the description
you probably don't want to make the /var/cache/apt/archives partition i did, doing it made my desktop boot slower


What happens to cron jobs when the system is down?

it is not executed.

There is a program called Anacron that should better serve your needs

information about it here


I was able to install my-weather-indicator using this .deb

http://ppa.launchpad.net/atareao/atareao/ubuntu/pool/main/m/my-weather-indicator/my-weather-indicator_0.6.3-0extras12.10.3_all.deb

Seems to work fine.


two errors after starting the GNOME desktop 20.10

I would say it's an upstream bug as it's very similar to this one from Fedora : https://ask.fedoraproject.org/t/two-errors-after-starting-the-gnome-desktop/9081
So I think it's safe to wait next Gnome update, maybe in Ubuntu 21.04.


What does this test really do (Loopback TCP Network Performance)?

It does not test any physical network infrastructure, not even the local network interface.

What is tested it the loopback interface. It is roughly a virtual network interface that connects a computer to itself.

The test consists of sending zero bytes through the layers of the TCP/IP implementation, down to the simulated hardware device loopback, and back up the stack again.

The test tells you how fast the network stack implementation is, which depends mainly on how often the network data needs to be copied on the way. Only the throughput is tested, the latency is ignored.

The result should not be of much practical relevance as long as the machine is fast enough to handle the traffic. Maybe it's relevant with a 10GB network connection, or multiple 1GB connections.

On a single processor machine, I suspect that the main influence to the performance would be the process scheduling of the reader and writer - it would more like test the scheduling algorithm. But assuming both nc instances can use a separate CPU core, that should not be a problem.

It could be considered a network test in the sense that the network stack implementation in the kernel is an important part of the network.


How do I enable a CalDAV server (in an OwnCloud installation) to send email reminders for events?

Owncloud doesn't have reminder feature. Here is the related bug:

https://github.com/owncloud/apps/issues/34

To get email notification you have to sync owncloud calendar with google-calendar. Then you can use IFTTT to send email-notification, twitter notification, pushover notification or whatever notification you want.


solved

I installed a fresh Ubuntu 16.04 and went to http://support.brother.com and downloaded "Driver Install Tool" and followed the instructions and then....
 It is working

I think some one was hacking on my computer and tried to get all my past printing jobs, just a guess, so he or she destroyed something related to the printer installation

now it is working very well

thanks to everybody and good luck


How to access a guest OS running in Virtual Box from a different user account

Virtual machines are installed in Virtual Box on a per user basis. This means that the virtual machine runs with the user account it was created and started.

To access a running virtual machine from a different user account we have two options:

Run an SSH server on the guest to control the guest OS via SSH from a different account (or through the network).
Use the desktop remote viewing protocol (RDP) of Virtual Box to have access to the graphical desktop of the guest.

Steps to run and access a guest via RDP

Install the Oracle Extension Pack.
Enable RDP for the guest machine.

Virtual Box Manager: Enable RDP in Settings > Display > Remote Display

Command line:

VBoxManage modifyvm "name_of_guest" --vrde on

Start the guest OS from your main user account.
Switch to your other user.
Run a remote desktop viewer (e.g. Remmina which is installed by default).

Connect to localhost:3389 (or another port if defined differently in 2.)
Use the name and password of the account from which Virtual Box is running.

Adjust display geometry or color settings according to your needs.

This way we can access and control a running virtual machine over the network from any remote computer too.


Someone accessed my computer and somehow disabled the Ubuntu bootloader. How can I get it back?

The bootloader used in Linux and Ubuntu specifically is Grub

Boot from Ubuntu live USB , and follow the instructions for live recovery on failed update . It will allow you making changes to the system while booting from live USB. Essential steps are:

Boot the Ubuntu Live CD.
Press Ctrl-Alt-F1
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
sudo chroot /mnt

Finally , you should be able to run sudo grub-install /dev/sdX where /dev/sdX is your hard drive. If you are not sure which one it is sda or sdb , run  the df or lsblk command and check which disk size corresponds to which device.

Sidenote: consider also changing  your passwords, just in case someone did break into your OS


open terminal then try this:
sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade -y

after all upgrade package installed
try to run:
sudo do-release-upgrade -d -f DistUpgradeViewGtk3


Restore previous applications on restart in Ubuntu 13.04 easily?

I use CompizConfig Settings Manager to set my applications on specific workspaces on specific coordinates.  E.g. psensor always in the top-right corner of workspace (WS) 2, liferea always in the top left corner WS2, boinc in the lower left corner of WS3, ...

All these applications also get added to "Startup Applications" so that when I log on, everything is in the right place and open...

Instead of logging off I also use TuxOnIce to hibernate my machine so that ALL applications currently running get back where they were.

IMHO, if you spend 3 hours every time to set up your environment, you'd better spend that time configuring things...

Good enough??? ;)


The publickey is your public ssh key. The error is because it is trying to connect to the bzr server on Launchpad, using the ssh method. By default, it tries to connect using the same username as your local account, and will try to negotiate the session, using your existing ssh key. If you don't have an account on Launchpad, or someone else has an account with the same username you use on your PC, it will fail to connect. It should only do this if you have told bzr about your Launchpad username. If you are running a script from a cron job or other unauthenticated session, then it will not have the ssh keyring unlocked, and thus will not be able to use your ssh identity to authenticate with the server, though bzr is configured to do so.

If you want to run something in a cron job or unauthenticated session, which checks out a branch from Launchpad, you can create another user on your computer to use for such tasks, which does not have bzr configured to log in to Launchpad as your user. Instead, it will use the anonymous download over HTTP when checking out branches.


Booting Computer on Drive With Windows Shows GRUB Menu, Want to Remove the Menu & Boot Ubuntu From BIOS Disk Selection

Try to reinstall the bootloader of Windows, because windows always overwrites existing bootloaders.


Lenovo ubuntu 18.04 L450s won't come out of the Standby mode

You can try closing and then opening the screen which should bring it out of standby mode.  I've occasionally seen something like this on another Lenovo
laptop and this technique brought it back.
If it used to work and now doesn't the switch triggered by the lid could be broken since when the lid is closed, it will stay in standby mode.  If it's a new installation, check your BIOS settings and power configuration settings.


Is the sloppy windows focus not working as it should?

You have misinterpreted Sloppy Window focus mode. It is like Mouse mode (Focus Follows Mouse cursor) so you do not require mouse-clicks to change the active window.

If you want your current window to retain input focus even if you move the mouse cursor ANYWHERE else including over top other windows, then you want to set it to "Click" Windows focus mode. This means you will have to click on each window to make it active (when using the mouse to switch active windows). Note that this would be the same behaviour as Microsoft Windows.


I had this issue after not installing third party software and update in the first installation step in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.
You should just shift from gdm3 to lightdm to resolve this issue by opening the terminal and typing:
sudo apt-get install lightdm
sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

After entering these commands if you are asked that only one of gdm3 or lightdm ubuntu can use then simply select lightdm when asked.
This worked for me.


Difference between "ppa-purge" and "add-apt-repository -r"?

For what I understand, the difference is what they do after removing the PPA.

ppa-purge - Disables a PPA and reverts to the official packages if applicable. For example, if I added the xorg-edgers PPA and installed the Nvidia drivers, if I do a ppa-purge on said PPA, it would not only disable the xorg-edgers PPA but also revert the NVIDIA drivers from the one in the PPA to the official ones found on the official Ubuntu repositories.

add-apt-repository -r - Will only remove the said PPA. Will not revert any packages.

The case scenarios might be:

When you want to keep a package from a PPA but want to remove the actual PPA. For example, if you wanted to add the Ubuntu Tweak Package from a PPA but then wanted to remove the PPA, you would use add-apt-repository which will leave Ubuntu Tweak installed.
When you want to go back to an official package and stop using a PPA that has updated/experimental packages (Like Kernel version packages, Proprietary packages...). In this cases you might want to use ppa-purge assuming your intention is to go back to the official versions. Which is the same as removing each PPA package installed and then doing:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install PACKAGES

For most cases, add-apt-repository should be enough to add and remove PPAs. The use of ppa-purge can only help in the small cases where you want to actually remove a package and install the official version which is not common since most user add a PPA to have something better than the one that comes with Ubuntu. Cases like kazam (From Kazam PPA), Proprietary Video drivers (From swat-x or xorg-edgers PPA), and even the Google Chrome and VirtualBox ones. And even if they remove it, it is only 2 or 3 commands to remove the current packages from the removed PPA and install the official ones.

With all of this in mind, it simply comes down to what the user wants to do about the packages related to the PPA.


Switching back from Gnome to Unity, wiping Hard disk

If you've removed the old partitioning – as you seem to have done – your old system is completely gone, including Gnome.

Deleting the old partitions and creating new ones in their place made your PC forget about the data on the disk, allowing it to save your new Ubuntu in its place.


SSH connection with certificate still asking for password

Your private key must be on the client.  The corresponding public key must be added to an authorized_keys file on the server.

If your private key is named either ${HOME}/.ssh/id_dsa or ${HOME}/.ssh/id_rsa, there is no need for the -i option to ssh, as it automatically will try these default key names (although it does not hurt if you want to explicitly say you will use the default private key).


I'm stuck on User Defined Session destop environment

Very similar thing happened to me, I am also new to Ubuntu (11.04) and was just experimenting and poking around and got stuck in User-Defined mode. Not knowing anything about Linux at all really, it's almost impossible to get out of there by just guessing.

Try this, it worked for me:

Right Click anywhere on the desktop.
Click "Create Launcher". The Create Launcher window should pop up.
In the Create Laucher Window, put "Login" for NAME (or whatever you want, it's not important) and put "gdmsetup" for COMMAND. Click OK.
You should have an icon on your desktop now called Login, or whatever you called it. Click that.
The "Login Screen Settings" window should open. You will have to click unlock and enter your password.
Now make sure the "Show the Screen for Choosing Who Will Login" button is selected. Close this window.
Use CTRL + ALT + DELETE to restart your computer.
The login screen should now appear instead of taking you directly into the user-defined session. Select the Ubuntu Classic (or whichever session you want) on one of the bottom tabs.

Hope that helps!


Base on this thread, I don't think you ssh-ed into Linux shell but rather some firewall management backend.


If you go to install 13.04 or stay with 12.04 LTS? you may get your answer.

I started with 12.04 but upgraded to 13.04 without noticing when I was just starting out!

How do I find out which version and derivative of Ubuntu is right for my hardware in terms of minimal system requirements? may also help


Installing Microsoft Office 2010 in Ubuntu 17.10 with playonlinux does not proceed

It's easy to fix. Just remove outdated libraries that ship with wine on playonlinux. In my case:

rm ~/.PlayOnLinux/wine/linux-x86/1.7.52/lib/lib{z,gcrypt,jpeg}*


Is there a recommended DB to work with Quickly?

Once it's in Quantal, the recommendation will be to use U1DB.

However, until then, for lightweight apps using Python, I would personally recommend using SQLite.


How to install firefox 14.0.1 from a tar.bz2 which is located in /usr/downloads?

double click it and extract it using file-roller.

alternatively, in terminal:

bunzip2 firefox.tar.bz2
tar xf firefox.tar


How will I create internal and external network interfaces, and assign IP addresses to them?

You must define the interfaces and subnets in Virtualbox not Ubuntu.  You can assign the individual interface parameters (like ip address for example) in your VMs.  In Virtual box use "internal network" for your internal and NAT, NAT network, or bridged adapter for the external facing ones.  Some of these will require an IP address on your host also.  NAT is the default.


The error indicates that the Hard disk MBR is destroyed.  You need to rewrite the master boot.   You need to start you machine from the Windows XP CD, and go to the Recovery Console. Once you get there, you will need to go to command prompt, and then type fdisk /mbr.


ubuntu 12.04 server doesn't resolve local domain name

Running "dpkg-reconfigure resolvconf" sets up the symlink /etc/resolv.conf -> ../run/resolvconf/resolv.conf.  After this you should reboot.

If websites are slow to start loading then this could indicate that a nameserver listed in resolv.conf is not responding. The glibc resolver(3) tries the first listed nameserver and waits five seconds before trying the next listed nameserver.

Also try commenting out "dns=dnsmasq" in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf and running "restart network-manager". This disables the local NetworkManager-controlled dnsmasq instance, thus eliminating it as a possible cause of your problem.

If websites are not slow to start loading but load slowly after starting then this is most likely not a name resolution problem.


GNOME extension 'window list' remains after uninstalled

Ubuntu GNOME 17.04 ships with with many "official" GNOME extensions by default, Window List is one of them. These extensions are not stored in
~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions but in /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions.

It is not at all recommended to run rm in a system folder as this could break things within GNOME shell, or on the next package upgrade reinstall the extension. Try to disable it instead using GNOME Tweak Tool or from https://extensions.gnome.org/local/ and then log out and log in again.

If you're absolutely positive about removing the extension you'll have to run the rm command in /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions (First check whether it's there using ls).


Here is your answer. You can reduce the Timeout of GRUB and then on expiration it will automatically run currently selected OS, which in your case will be "your OS"


What should work anyway is to kill it by its pid:

run ps -ef (or ps -efww if the lines are too long to read the end)
find the scriptname, and you will have its pid
kill it with:

kill <pid>

(mind you: not pkill, which is to used as pkill <application>, not as pkill <pid>)

Note:

Using the command:

ps -ef | grep testscript

will list two processes; the one you are looking for and the search process itself that you are running, e.g.:

jacob     4183  3647  0 11:22 pts/10   00:00:00 python3 /home/jacob/Bureaublad/testscript.py
jacob     4202  4189  0 11:22 pts/25   00:00:00 grep --color=auto testscript

which means that you would have to use e.g.:

ps -ef | grep <scriptname> | grep -v grep
> jacob     4183  3647  0 11:22 pts/10   00:00:00 python3 /home/jacob/Bureaublad/testscript.py

To only find the line you need.

Unlike the pgrep command, that filters itself out of the list, as pointed out here: :

pgrep -f testscript
> 4183

That means that using pgrep -f <scrptname>as suggested by @muru is the better way, for more than one reason.


Similar problems happened on my laptop (with Ubuntu 18.04 LTS) that wasn't turned on for quite a while. The system time gets wonky and is at least 18hrs off.

Everything else works fine but the issue raised when Google Chrome refuse to open any webpage.

This seems to fix the issue by correcting the system time.

sudo apt install ntp
timedatectl set-ntp true

See Enable System clock synchronization for other alternative fix.


Can system event sounds be assigned in Ubuntu 14.04, rather than the default system sounds?

Assumption: we’re talking about Ubuntu (i.e. Gnome/Unity) 14.04 here not Kubuntu/Xubuntu/Lubuntu.

I’ve found it quite difficult to find a definitive answer about how the sound themes are supposed to work in Ubuntu, but here’s what I have figured out.

Sound themes are in folders under /usr/share/sounds (so if you want to add a downloaded sound theme that’s where you would extract it)
They contain an index.theme file and subfolders containing the sounds (I’ve only seen a stereo folder)
This is part of a freedesktop spec.

You can change the currently active theme using dconf Editor - just navigate to /org/gnome/desktop/sound/theme-name.

Or you could do the same on the command line (or in a script):

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.sound theme-name "ubuntu"


Try this

SUBSYSTEM=="block", ACTION=="add", RUN+="touch /tmp/my_udev_rule_matched_OK"


For limiting (Bandwidth Shaping) please read How do I limit internet bandwidth?

For tools used to manage bandwidth see Software to show amount of data transfer of each process

For several tools (Similar to netlimiter in Windows) used for managing see Good alternative to NetLimiter?


lock zend studio to launcher/dash gnome shell

The following link is for unity but it works for gnome 3 as well.

http://saji89.wordpress.com/2012/02/04/how-to-add-an-entry-for-zend-studio-in-your-ubuntu-programs-list/

I created "/usr/share/applications/zendstudio.desktop" with the following contents:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=10
Name=Zend Studio
GenericName=PHP IDE
X-GNOME-FullName=Zend Studio PHP IDE
Comment=PHP IDE
Exec=/usr/local/lib/ZendStudio/ZendStudio
Icon=/usr/local/lib/ZendStudio/icon.xpm
StartupNotify=false
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=GNOME;GTK;Network;IDE;CODE;PHP

The ZendStudio directory is under my /usr/local/lib/. In Gnome 3 I can search for the application.


CTRL+ALT hides active window after upgrade to 16.04

There is some mess in key bindings of a window manager in Unity. I've found controversial settings there.

Please try to open dconf-editor, navigate to /org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings and remove association of toggle-shaded setting.


Did you verify the downloaded installation ISO file by comparing checksums? Suggest you acquire a Windows  or Linux  checksum app and verify what you downloaded was not corrupted in transit following these steps from Ubuntu

Once you have verified the checksum of the ISO file downloaded matches the checksum value posted, then make a Xubuntu or Ubuntu LiveUSB installer and you will have the equivalent of WinToUSB.


On Unity (before Ubuntu 17.10)

Too much useless animation and effects activated in Unity... Unity3D makes the system extremely slow but only low Graphic Card and/or can actually reproduce the lag and slow animations.

I am in the same case as you because I use an Asus 1215N with a Dual Core ATOM processor and an Intel Graphic card since the Optimus doesn't work natively...

But you can still do some configurations to help a little bit with the problem like this :

When using Unity-3D:

Use the proprietary ATI drivers available in Ubuntu.
After installing ccsm (Compiz Config Settings Manager) :

Disable Sync to VBlank (as mentioned by @duffydack)
In Composite Plugin > Select your Refresh Rate (available at Screen Settings) and then uncheck "Detect Refresh Rate".
In OpenGL > "Texture Filter" select "Fast" instead of "Good", and choose "Texture Compression" (this feature will use a little bite more of the process but will help with graphics so it is at your choose (you can have the 2 options unselected though)

And I think it is all you can do (for me even Unity-2D is slow so I think it is the fault of my processor... even if this problem of slowlyness doesn't occur neither in Gnome-Shell or Windows (but the last one is probably due to the fact that the Nvidia Optimus works and on Linux it doesn't....)

Hope this helps.


Lubuntu 12.04 has not been supported for 6 months.  It reached End Of Life in October of last year.  I am not sure if that has anything to do with your problem but I would recommend that you download and install Lubuntu 14.04 which is the newest version.


How do I create partitions from unused disk space?

You will have to resize the partition in order to create a new one, but because your system uses that partition, you can't resize it while you are booted into your system.

Make a Live USB/DVD (Like the one that you used to install Ubuntu), and boot onto that. Once you are on the live system, you can make changes to your partitions.

There is no safe way to resize your partition while you are booted into the system.


trackpad non functional for newest hp pavilion dm4

From the hp support forum

Re: Problem with touchpad brand new Pavilion dm4-2015dx
Options
07-15-2011 11:22 PM

  SOLVED!!  Here's what you do.   Reboot. Login. Go to Device manager and roll back the mouse driver to PS/2.  the problem is with the ALPS Driver.   You will loose  some functionality (just bells and whistles) but the touchpad and mouse will work without freezing up.   (You don't have to screw with the bios or any of that rubbish).  Enjoy your new laptop folks!


Software Center install button not working

You are using wrong command in terminal.

You have to use sudo dpkg -i DEB_PACKAGE.

Replace DEB_PACKAGE by your packagename.deb. Your *.deb should be in $HOME folderfor the above command to work. Otherwise, use full pathname.

For details see this question.

Other Way

You can also install a deb file by double clicking it using gdebi.
Install it by command sudo apt-get install gdebi and then open the *.deb file by double clicking using open with gdebi.


Add this line in Client Config File

block-outside-dns


frescobaldi midi player seems to be working fine but doesnt produce any sound

When using Frescobaldi in Ubuntu 15.10, the package libportmidi0 must be installed so that Midi playback works correctly.

Just install it using a terminal:

sudo apt-get install libportmidi0

Tested with QSynth, Patchage et VMPK midi tools.

Cf. https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/frescobaldi/+bug/1572566


(in Ubuntu versions 18.04 and later) Right click on a pdf document and select Properties. Select the Open With tab and select the application you require from there and click Set as default.
This changes the default application not just for the selected file, but for all files with the same type.
You can also refer to this reference.


Wireless not working on Pavilion x360-Convertible, running 16.,04

basically what dmesg | grep iwl is telling you is that the driver for your wireless card is not being loaded into the kernal, which is why it's not working.  So what you need to do is install the driver for your wireless correctly, here's how to do that with the driver you downloaded.

go to the Downloads folder cd ~/Downloads.
unpack the .tgz file.  tar -xzvf iwlwifi-7265-ucode-25.17.12.0.tgz
cd into the directory cd iwlwifi-7265-ucode-25.17.12.0
copy the driver files to the correct location.

sudo cp iwlwifi-7265-12.ucode /lib/firmware
sudo cp iwlwifi-7265D-12.ucode /lib/firmware

The command you entered in your first step sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi-opt.conf <<< "11n_disable=1" actually deletes the whole config file and replaces it with 11n_disable=1.  so you will need to open up that file in a text editor as a super user and put the original code back in it.  gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf
copy and paste this code into the file and save (this was taken from the config file on my computer).

# /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf
# iwlwifi will dyamically load either iwldvm or iwlmvm depending on the
# microcode file installed on the system.  When removing iwlwifi, first
# remove the iwl?vm module and then iwlwifi.
remove iwlwifi \
(/sbin/lsmod | grep -o -e ^iwlmvm -e ^iwldvm -e ^iwlwifi | xargs /sbin/rmmod) \
&& /sbin/modprobe -r mac80211


Technically no.  What you have done is mark the account as expired, but it still has the same password.  passwd -l modifies the password hash by prefixing it with, iirc, an exclamation point.  That prevents any password from matching the hash, but the exclamation point can easily be removed to unlock the account and restore its previous password.

Either method has the effect of preventing anyone from logging in as root, so practically speaking, you are good.


Uninstall Kubuntu dual boot with WIndows

Before you do anything like this BACKUP YOUR DATA!!! :)
I think the OP wants to delete the partition then maybe, later on, decide if he wants to install another Linux distro.
I think the right way to do it is to delete and extend the volume in Windows Disk Manager, then repair the windows bootloader (as grub deletes the Windows bootloader). There are many tutorials on how to do this but here is one I found using a quick google.
How to Uninstall a Linux Dual-Boot System From Your Computer


How to make hotot autologin and minimize on start?

You can do this but with the lastest version of Hotot (0.9.8 or 0.9.9, I don't remember). But this one has not been pushed in Canonical PPAs yet. They still have got the 0.9.7 version which has got the problem that you describe. Perhaps this latest version will be on Quantal PPAs, who knows ?

However, you can still use the development version or building Hotot from sources. See the Hotot's downloads page for further details.


Why I'm seeing a lock besides the partition I'm trying to modify with gparted?

You cannot resize a mounted filesystem, that's why you see a lock icon.

You were doing well, you booted into a Live CD and resized the NTFS partition.

Now you need to enlarge the Extended partition, partitions "inside" that extended partition cannot "escape" outside.

Make sure that /dev/sda6 is unmounted. If a lock icon is visible, right click on it and choose for Unmount
Make sure that the swap partition /dev/sda5 is unmounted. Right click on it and choose for Swapoff
Select /dev/sda4 and choose for Resize. Use the free space on the left side
Select /dev/sda6 and resize it on the right side
Apply the changes and you're done.


GNOME Dash-to-dock feature not show running apps

I also use Dash to Dock gnome extension, so I was able to fix this by disabling Use built-in theme in the Apperance section:

After doing this, the indicators were now showing up


Ubuntu-Studio Plug-ins GUI broken in Ardour

I've had the same problem and found this: http://www.mail-archive.com/debian-bugs-dist@lists.debian.org/msg1069173.html

It seems that you have to recompile Ardour yourself. It won't be hard thanks to the apt-build tool. Just issue the following commands (as root):

apt-get install libsuil-dev apt-build
apt-build install ardour

After executing first command you will be asked about apt-build settings. You can leave defaults or change architecture (setting right architecture for your CPU will make Ardour run faster, but not significantly).

That's all, restart Ardour and enjoy working LV2 GUIs!


How do you clean up your GRUB 2 boot menu?

You can edit your Grub entries.

Open a terminal and type:

sudo su
gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Find the lines that start with menuentry 'Ubuntu ...

Each of these lines is one entry of your Grub. To clean your Grub simple comment the lines corresponding to the entries you want to hide.

Comment them with the # character at the beggining of the line.

A commented entry will look like this:

  #menuentry 'Ubuntu, con Linux 3.2.0-25 ...

Save and reboot.


Desktop Background doesn't show up on logon screen

Try to change the desktop background by rightclick on desktop and change desktop  background

if you want to check are the pictures exist you can see this path : /usr/share/backgrounds/

then if you like to set another picture in this folder insted of original pictures you can copy your picture in this folder and rename your picture to the one of the original picture ...

it will appeare in you setting and if you like that this background that you have set appear on log in screen you should make sure that your picture size was the same as picture that you replaced .

if you have a problem with getting access to this folder you can change the permission of the folder by this command :

sudo chmod 777 /usr/share/backgrounds/

and this command works too : sudo chmod 777 /usr/share/backgrounds/ -R


Cannot read/write files from ubuntu hard drive plugged into another computer

Start from live iso (usb) and open the file manager as root by running sudo nautilus in a terminal (ctrl+t). Then you will be able to edit all the files, or at least give yourself permissions to edit all the files.

Also, while in nautilus, press ctrl+h to see hidden files.


What is the correct command for sudo apt-get update --dry-run, which does not work?

This is a wrong command to get "the number of packages that need updates".

The correct command is

sudo apt update

It will check for updates and show the number like this:

1 package can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see it.


Turn an external hard-drive into an internal one (ubuntu server)

Using a USB universal drive adapter like this one is generally the easiest way to retrieve data from a drive with a failed enclosure.

Depending on the type of drive (IDE, SATA) and size (2.5" or 3.5"), it may be possible to just plug it into a drive bay on your server and have it read - Ubuntu is pretty good at being able to read most filesystems.

Read up on RAIDs - pairing a 250GB and 1TB drive in a RAID of most any type is not going work well. Better to have them as separate volumes.


How to delete older files using a bash script?

#!/bin/bash
ssh user@machine "find /path/to/files/ -mtime +7 -exec rm {} \;"

name the script as some_file_name.sh and give execute permissions.

 chmod +x file_name.sh

Run it as ./file_name.sh or bash file_name.sh


Virtualization options on Ubuntu - are there others besides virtualbox

QEMU

  QEMU is a generic and open source machine emulator and virtualizer.

  When used as a machine emulator, QEMU can run OSes and programs made
  for one machine (e.g. an ARM board) on a different machine (e.g. your
  own PC). By using dynamic translation, it achieves very good
  performance.

  When used as a virtualizer, QEMU achieves near native performance by
  executing the guest code directly on the host CPU. QEMU supports
  virtualization when executing under the Xen hypervisor or using the
  KVM kernel module in Linux. When using KVM, QEMU can virtualize x86,
  server and embedded PowerPC, and S390 guests.

  QEMU is a member of Software Freedom Conservancy.

Text from QEMU's Official Wiki

IMHO

One of the best Emulators. It does what it promises and it does good. It won't do anything else, it doesn't do a lot of things but emulating a machine. It's worth a try if you wish just to have a machine inside of another machine.

Good luck!


Cannot install preload from the Terminal

Which version of Ubuntu are you running? I'm going to assume 12.04 for this answer.

If you're on a VPS, it may be that your hosting provider has different repositories than the standard Ubuntu ones.

Check /etc/apt/sources.list to ensure you have a Universe repository configured, e.g., you have the following lines uncommented:

  deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
  deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
  deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
  deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe

It could also be you hit a bad mirror, transient network or DNS issue, though those would most likely go away with a sudo apt-get update.

And after any changes, you'll need to update again.


How do I check the version of Ubuntu I am running?

As said in the official page, use:
lsb_release -a

Your version appears on the "Description" line. If you just want that line, type lsb_release -d.
If you want to check it through your desktop environment, you can check System Settings → Details, which shows the data like this:

Alternatives are:

hostnamectl
cat /etc/*ease

See a sample output of lsb_release, hostnamectl, and cat /etc/*ease calls:
$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS          # <-- here
Release:    16.04
Codename:   xenial

$ lsb_release -d
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS

$ hostnamectl
   Static hostname: XXX
         Icon name: computer-desktop
           Chassis: desktop
        Machine ID: 3d6dcfdd7b9f41dbb62b0e8cd75014ae
           Boot ID: 4ff04a6baed54e719592f3255005a235
  Operating System: Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS                # <-- here
            Kernel: Linux 4.10.0-38-generic
      Architecture: x86-64

$ cat /etc/*ease
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=16.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=xenial
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS"  # <--- here
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="16.04.2 LTS (Xenial Xerus)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS"
VERSION_ID="16.04"
HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
VERSION_CODENAME=xenial
UBUNTU_CODENAME=xenial


Installing 15.04 on X250 is not supported by lenovo

I was able to get 14.04 and 15.10 booted and working. The real problem was very subtle, and it boiled down to the synaptics mouse-pad driver.

The question of the boot option was not really an issue. I was able to work
around the boot, by following the right rules. If you send me email, I can walk you through this problem. Its a mater of setting up the correct BIOS options, then you can install linux, no problem.

The mousepad synaptics driver was a different story. It is broken, and you must remove it, which is not hard.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1506817

That I worked out too, but it took months. Now my X250 it is all working. I still have a hardware issue, but that has nothing to do with linux.


I had to disable the Extensions Gnome extension.

Being at Login screen go to the second terminal (CTRL+ALT+F2)
Login as your user there
Execute gnome-shell-extension-tool -d extensions@abteil.org
Restart the system or go back to the first terminal (CTRL+ALT+F1) with GUI Login screen and try to login again.

Please look at /var/log/syslog and check if you see some Gnome crash stacktrace.


Yes, you can.

Just select "something other" (or similar) when selecting the partition to install in the ubuntu installer. In the following step you'r able to make partitions and set mount-points for them, also if they are on different drives.
(To make /home and /usr on the 1tb drive, make two partitions there and give them the mount points /home and /usr, make another on the ssd and give it the mountpoint /).

Although 32gb should be more than enough for ubuntu. I have an 12 GB partition for Ubuntu and only 7 are used.


Once lm-sensors is installed you need to reach for your terminal:

type

sudo sensors-detect

just press ENTER for everything it suggests (shown in Uppercase)

At the end it will ask you whether to add what it finds to /etc/modules.  If you are happy with the findings type "yes".

More information about lm-sensors and how to tailor it for your system can be found on the lm-sensors installation wiki page

Typing

sensors

will display the values for the sensors detected previously.

e.g.

acpitz-virtual-0
Adapter: Virtual device
temp1:       +55.0°C  (crit = +90.0°C)


Deleted /usr/ folder fully and cannot boot into os

Create a live USB on another computer and use it to boot the one you have broken. You may also try to remove the hard drive from your computer and connect it to another, working Linux computer to access data on it.
There are no other options.


This printer works with Ubuntu 12 if you upgrade to HPLIP 3.12.2

Run 'dpkg -l hplip' to see your current version

See this page on how to upgrade:
http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/downloads.html


Minimal cd missing option for Minimal Ubuntu Desktop install

For minimal install, you have to choose the normal install, and during installation it offers the choice of minimum install.

In fact, everything is installed first and in the end, it removes most of the things necessary to make Ubuntu run. For details, have a look at: https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/02/ubuntu-18-04-minimal-install-option


Ubuntu 16.04 - logout from terminal when gnome is angry

What about
 sudo service lightdm restart
?

This should stop the display manager, effectively login you out, start lightdm again and you should be on the login screen in no-time.


What you seem to have installed is the ng command from ng-common, which is an emacs-like command-line editor, not the Angular CLI.

Anyway, the Angular CLI is for Angular 2 or newer only, not for the old AngularJS. AngularJS is just a JavaScript library you include in your html, not the whole build framework Angular (2 or newer) provides.

You'd have to serve your project files with a regular web server.


KDE 4 to 5: ServiceMenus moved directory - where to?

No KDE5

There are:

KDE Frameworks 5 (KF5)
Plasma 5
KDE Applications

So the services are at:

kf5-config --path services

The new KF5 service menus are at:

~/.local/share/kservices5/ServiceMenus/

and

/usr/share/kservices5/ServiceMenus/

More of the KF5 paths:

Kubuntu Forums - KF5 Service Menus - https://www.kubuntuforums.net/showthread.php?25740-Service-Menus-with-Dolphin&p=367207&viewfull=1#post367207

KDE Forums - Service Menus Missing: https://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?f=223&t=128621

The KDE (KF5) is using: XDG Base Directory Specification - http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html


use wine to run windows programs on ubuntu
to get wine download it using software center or type the code given below in terminal

sudo apt-get install wine

If you want to run the complete windows 7 from ubuntu you can use virtual box
virtual box is available in the softwaree center


There are a couple of things you can probably do to help:

1) Add the wineserver program to your startup applications, so that it starts when you log in, and is always running.

2) Run wine-preloader /path/to/yourgame.exe, so that wine adds some of its data to a preload cache.

I'm not sure how much, if at all, these will speed up the startup process for the game. I don't use wine much, but haven't noticed any particularly long startup times with it, beyond the first run (when it builds font caches and such).


Thanks for the link SushiHangover.

This solved the problem:

apt-get install libapache2-mod-mono

Additionally, httpd.conf contained

#MonoAutoApplication enabled
RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower

<IfModule fcgid_module>
  <FilesMatch ".(aspx|axd|asmx|ashx|asax|ascx|soap|rem|axd|cs|config|Config|dll)$>
    SetHandler fcgid-script
    FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/fastcgi-mono-server4 .aspx
    FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/fastcgi-mono-server4 .asmx
    FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/fastcgi-mono-server4 .ashx
    FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/fastcgi-mono-server4 .asax
    FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/fastcgi-mono-server4 .ascx
    FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/fastcgi-mono-server4 .soap
    FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/fastcgi-mono-server4 .rem
    FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/fastcgi-mono-server4 .axd
    FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/fastcgi-mono-server4 .cs
    FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/fastcgi-mono-server4 .config
    FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/fastcgi-mono-server4 .Config
    FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/fastcgi-mono-server4 .dll
    Options +ExecCGI
 </FilesMatch>

 FcgidInitialEnv MONO_FCGI_APPCONFIGDIR /etc/mono-fastcgi
 FcgidMaxRequestLen 204800000
</IfModule>

It complained about being unable to find /usr/bin/fastcgi-mono-server4. Not sure why it was configured that way, but I commented the whole lower section and uncommented MonoAutoApplication and it's now working.


You actually can use the 4.25 GiB at the end without any reboot, because Linux supports on-line partition resizing since kernel 2.6 (meaning you can resize partitions while they're mounted, even the root partition, without any reboot).
I'll show you how to remove the swap partition and extend the root partition with all the free space at the end. Then I'll use the unallocated space in the beginning (14.35 GiB) for a new swap partition. Of course 14.35 GiB is a bit much so you can also choose to use some to extend your NTFS partition.

Open GParted

Right click on /dev/sda11 and select Swapoff

Right click on /dev/sda11 and select Delete

Click on Apply All Operations

Open a terminal

Extend the root partition:
sudo resize2fs /dev/sda10

Go back to GParted

Open the GParted menu and click on Refresh Devices

Right click on the unallocated space and select New

Select linux-swap as file system

Click on Add

Click on Apply All Operations

Initially I wrote this using the command line only, but then I decided to try to use GParted as much as possible as this may be easier for you to see what's going on. You may even extend the root partition using GParted. But you need to unmount your root partition before you work on it. I mean you should work offline (using a liveUSB). In some cases your grub may get damaged. So do reinstall your grub before you leave out from your offline working.
I believe GParted will automatically enable the new swap partition but I'm not sure. You can always check by right clicking on it and then selecting Swapon. If this option is not available the swap partitions is probably already enabled.
Also the Refresh Devices step is probably unnecessary, but you should follow it just to be sure.
We cannot resize the extended partition (sda4, in this case) as it has a mounted logical partition within it. So we need to boot into the live mode of an Ubuntu USB/CD drive. From there, start GParted, turn off swap if necessary, right click on the extended partition and resize it to suit your needs. Then, follow the steps mentioned as needed to resize root and add back swap. In the event that your root partition UUID gets changed, you can update Grub by executing these steps in the live mode:
sudo mount /dev/sda10 /mnt
sudo mount -o bind /dev/ /mnt/dev
sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda
sudo chroot /mnt /bin/bash
# Now within the chroot
sudo update-grub
exit
# Now outside chroot

The first couple of commands mount the root partition (sda10, in this case) and set up /dev/ for use within a chroot environment. (Other partitions that can be similarly mounted for a more functional chroot are /proc, /sys and /dev/pts.) Then we reinstall grub (not really necessary). Then, we enter the chroot and update grub. This causes grub to use the new UUIDs where necessary. After exiting the chroot, reboot and we should get the grub menu back.


You may have a better look at the way you mount the hd0,3.

I think it would be more like:

(hd0,gpt1,msdos1)
(hd0,gpt1,msdos1)
(hd0,gpt1,apple1)
(hd0,msdos)

But I think you cannot use (hd0,1) or like you show:

loopback loop (hd0,3)$isofile

should be more like...

loopback loop (hd0,gpt3)$isofile


Can anybody tell me how to test ftp server in Ubuntu machine?

ftp 127.0.0.1

OR

ftp localhost

The FTP server will ask you for a username and a password.. plain simple! :)


Need to run a .bin file, but same error keeps coming up

According to this Ubuntu Forum tread you need to have installed the LSB Runtime installed.

To install LSB v4.0 enter the following command in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install lsb-core && lsb-languages

Also you can install it from Synaptic or downloading the binary files from the repositories. But the fastest and security and simple method is the one mentioned above using apt.


Disable Windows Fast Start feature. Windows doesn't fully shut down with this feature enabled.


Option 1: Call the interpreter

For Python 2: python <filename>.py
For Python 3: python3 <filename>.py

Option 2: Let the script call the interpreter

Make sure the first line of your file has #!/usr/bin/env python.
Make it executable - chmod +x <filename>.py.
And run it as ./<filename>.py


Install Ubuntu/Win8.1 dual boot with UEFI and 4 primary partitions

I realized that the hard disk has gpt partitioning and not the mbr, so I'm allowed to create up to 128 primary partitions.


GUI tool for managing Docker like Kitematic

Kitematic is available for Ubuntu (although the website itself doesn't advertise it), you can get it from the Github repository.
Simply extract the downloaded file and install it with your favorite package manager.


I am not able to install "RMySQL" package in R in ubuntu 16.04 in EC2 instance

Installing below packages solved my issue:

* deb: libmariadbclient-dev | libmariadb-client-lgpl-dev (Debian, Ubuntu)
* rpm: mariadb-connector-c-devel | mariadb-devel | mysql-devel (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL)
 #yum install mariadb-connector-c-devel mariadb-devel mysql-devel  ----> for RPM based systems

#apt-get install libmariadbclient-dev libmariadb-client-lgpl-dev   -----> for debian based systems

* deb: unixodbc-dev (Debian, Ubuntu, etc)
* rpm: unixODBC-devel (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL)

#yum install unixODBC-devel   ----> for RPM based systems
#apt-get install unixodbc-dev -----> for debian based systems


/usr/local/bin/bower: No such file or directory after reinstalling Node.js and bower


As one of the comments suggested, it turns out to be an issue with the default way that grub was setup on my system. Run:
sudo nano /etc/default/grub

in my case, the following was written there:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
snd_hda_intel.dmic_detect=0

place the dmic_detect line inside the linux_default line:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash snd_hda_intel.dmic_detect=0"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

save and run
sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

after that, the installatio nwas without a problem.
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="loglevel=3 snd_hda_intel.dmic_detect=0"


Ubuntu 20.04 gnome themes break the Ubuntu Software app

I had the same problem: Ubuntu 20.04 GNOME Flashback - Snap Shop transparent on non-default themes?
I solved it by installing the overlay snap application and writing a script run every time the system starts up that remounts the GNOME Core snap read/write and adds my theme files to it. This is my script:
#!/bin/sh
if [ ! -d /snap/overlay ]; then
  exit 1
fi

GNOMEDIR=`echo /snap/gnome-3-*`

if [ -z "$GNOMEDIR" ]; then
  exit 1
fi

for ff in $GNOMEDIR; do

  GNOMEVER=`readlink $ff/current`

  if [ -z "$GNOMEVER" ]; then
    exit 1
  fi

  /snap/overlay/current/overlay $ff/$GNOMEVER
  cp -rp "/usr/share/themes/My Theme" $ff/$GNOMEVER/usr/share/themes
  rm "$ff/$GNOMEVER/usr/share/themes/My Theme/gtk-3.0/assets"
  ln -s /snap/gtk-common-themes/current/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/assets "$ff/$GNOMEVER/usr/share/themes/My Theme/gtk-3.0"

done

My theme is installed as /usr/share/themes/My Theme. The last rm and ln -s commands in the script modify the symbolic link that originally points from My Theme directory into Ambiance theme directory (as my theme is based on the Radiance theme which uses the same icons etc. as Ambiance), so that it points to correct place within GNOME snap directory.
If your theme does not have such links, just remove those two commands.
To make this script run every time the system starts up, I added the following file to /etc/cron.d directory:
@reboot root /usr/local/sbin/overlay-mytheme

where /usr/local/sbin/overlay-mytheme is the above script of course :)


How to maintain ssd cache with dual boot

No, there is no support for the cache feature in Linux.


Can't Install Brother MFC-6890CDW as Network Scanner under 12.04

Embarassing as it is to admit this, I am posting it in case someone else is stupid enough to make the same mistake I did.  As it turns out, I did not have the 64 bit version of Ubuntu installed.  I was sure I did, but I must have let myself be influenced by the Canonical standard recommendation for precise (12.04) to use 32 bit, or perhaps by those comments on the web indicating that 32 bit Ubuntu performs better than 64 bit with up to 3 GB RAM. More recent comments suggest that this is no longer the case.
IAC, I was able to install the 32 bit version of the Brother driver without problems by following the instructions referred to in my original post, and it seems to work fine with xsane.
In retrospect, I should obviously have taken the warning "package architecture (amd64) does not match system (i386)" more seriously.  Oddly, I did not see this message after graduating from the driver version brscan3-0.2.11-4.amd64.deb to brscan3-0.2.11-5.amd64.deb unless I used the dpkg switch --force-architecture in addition to --force-all.


What does shellcheck warning SC2129 “Consider using { cmd1; cmd2; } >> file instead of individual redirects.” mean?

I assume your script has multiple instances of >> "$IconsRaw". That message is suggesting redirecting the output only once and grouping the commands in a subshell. Presumably to avoid the overhead of opening and closing the file multiple times.

So, instead of this:

    printf "FALSE|" >> "$IconsRaw"           # Select field number 1
    printf "%s|" "$i" >> "$IconsRaw"         # 2
    printf "%s|" "${File##*/}" >> "$IconsRaw"
    printf "%s|" "$Linkless" >> "$IconsRaw"  # 4
    printf "%s|" "$Date" >> "$IconsRaw"      # 5
    printf "%s|" "$X" >> "$IconsRaw"         # 6
    echo   "$Y" >> "$IconsRaw"               # 7

This:

{
    printf "FALSE|"            # Select field number 1
    printf "%s|" "$i"          # 2
    printf "%s|" "${File##*/}"
    printf "%s|" "$Linkless"   # 4
    printf "%s|" "$Date"       # 5
    printf "%s|" "$X"          # 6
    printf "%s\n" "$Y"         # 7
} >> "$IconsRaw"

Bu that's also a needless repetition of printf and it is more efficient to just do:

printf '%s|%s|%s|%s|%s|%s|%s\n' \
      'FALSE' "$i" "${File##*/}" "$Linkless" \
      "$Date" "$X" "$Y" >> "$IconsRaw"


See this answer. Removing that option from the /data2 partition should be fine. Especially since the option is unrecognized anyway.


How do I install LINE messenger in Ubuntu?

I haven't watched your video, but last I tried, it worked in Wine. (However, ibus doesn't work well with Wine applications, so you can't use it to type Japanese, if that's what you want to use it for.)


ubuntu Installation does Not detect second hard drive

You've formatted the second drive as Dynamic - the NTFS-3G module in Ubuntu will not read these correctly.

Reformat the drive as basic and it should pick up. Note that you will lose all data on the drive doing it. You can convert from basic to dynamic without data loss, but not the other way around.

Also, you'll save yourself a lot of trouble by formatting the volumes as FAT. NTFS support in Linux, while greatly improved, is still reliant on reverse engineering Microsoft's code. FAT, more or less, Just Works.


timezone change resets after reboot ubuntu 11.10

I don't think reconfiguring the tzdata is the right thing to do.
On my system, I've set the timezone by right clicking on the time in the window manager and selecting 'Time and Date Settings'.

There is also a file /etc/timezone -- edit that with the right information -- Asia/Tokyo, I think.

The other thing is to make sure /etc/localtime is hard linked to the right file under /usr/share/zoneinfo/, probably /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tokyo .


Computer restarts after selecting ''try ubuntu'' or ''install ubuntu''

I have a motherboard that may be related to yours -- an MSI A88X-G43 -- and it's been troublesome at boot time. About half the time, it reboots, much as you describe, at some point soon after it begins executing initial RAM disk (initrd) code. I have yet to fully diagnose the problem, though; it's usually been easier to just try rebooting multiple times until I get a solid boot. After that, the machine is stable. (It's a MythTV backend and frontend, so it stays up for days, and often months, at a time.)

When I first got this system, it did reliably boot Fedora; but I was replacing an older motherboard and already had a Mythbuntu installation on my disks and so I did not want to completely re-install a new distribution. I discovered that it was reliable booting a 3.12-series kernel that I compiled myself (the Ubuntu 14.04 I was running used a 3.13-series kernel), so I used my locally-compiled kernel for a while and hoped that the problem would eventually be fixed. (I filed a bug report, but it wasn't taken seriously.) The problem has varied in severity -- or maybe it's just randomness at work.

If you're running into a similar issue, you could try another distribution, or try rebooting multiple times in the hopes of getting a clean boot. If your intended use scenario involves frequent reboots, then the latter is obviously not a good solution.

It's conceivable that there's a boot-time kernel option you could pass via GRUB (or whatever boot loader you use) that would help; however, I don't have any suggestions for things to try. My suspicion is that the problem is caused, or at least triggered, by something in the initrd file, not in the kernel itself.

If the motherboard is new, it might be worth considering returning it for another one of another brand. (FWIW, I've got an ASRock motherboard with the same AMD A10-6700 CPU model that's in my MSI board, and the ASRock has never exhibited boot problems.)

Sorry for not having anything more definitive. I can't even be sure that your problem is the same as mine, but I thought my experience might be helpful.


how to create a script that gets executed when Ubuntu boots

Your error is because you need to add LSB tags to the script. See here:

https://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts

An easier way to do this do is just to add a new startup application. Search "Startup Applications" in the dashboard and point to your script. This way you can keep it anywhere you want.


Failed to upgrade, wont boot past ubuntu screen

This could be an issue with grub, ubuntu-desktop, gnome or unity.

You may need to 'sudo apt-get install' or 'sudo apt-get install --reinstall' these manually in the terminal.

Test Grub:
Boot your pc, holding down the SHIFT button until a new menu appears. Select one of the 4 options and check out this site for more info:

http://www.howtogeek.com/196740/how-to-fix-an-ubuntu-system-when-it-wont-boot/

Alternatively: Enter the terminal from the boot login screen. (CTRL+ALT+F1)

If you have both ubuntu-desktop and unity installed already this will reinstall both of them, possibly fixing broken/missing packages or dependencies:

Enter:

$ sudo -s

$ Enter Sudo Password:(Input Hidden)

$ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

$ sudo apt-get install --reinstall unity

$ apt-get autoremove && apt-get clean

$ sudo reboot

If you do not have one or both already installed, just remove '--reinstall' from above.

If that doesn't fix the issue, you may need to reinstall gnome. I suggest a less graphical version like Metacity over gnome3 or even compiz.

Enter:

$ sudo apt-get install gnome-session-flashback

$ apt-get autoremove && apt-get clean

After the installation finishes.
Exit the terminal and log off account.
Click on the small white Ubuntu logo.
Select the session version you prefer.
Log back in with your password.

More info can be found here:
http://m.webupd8.org/2014/04/how-to-install-and-tweak-gnome.html?m=1

Hope this helps or is useful to someone. If this fixed the issue please give some positive feedback.


I cannot find .minecraft folder to install mods

Ubuntu shows folders a bit differently, and organizes them in a different fashion.

Open your home folder. Press Ctrl+H. You should now see it as "dot-folders" are usually hidden. This assumes you have run minecraft as your user previously. If you haven't, run it, doing a few things in it(just to get it to create its config files).


Is there a PPA for having nvidia-cuda-toolkit with the latest cuda (11.1) for Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal)?

Open the terminal and remove any NVIDIA traces that you may have on your system.
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cuda*
sudo apt remove --autoremove nvidia-cuda-toolkit
sudo apt remove --autoremove nvidia-*

Setup the correct CUDA PPA on your system.
export DISTRO=ubuntu2004
export ARCHITECTURE=x86_64
sudo apt update
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers
sudo apt-key adv --fetch-keys https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/${DISTRO}/${ARCHITECTURE}/7fa2af80.pub
sudo bash -c "echo deb\ http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/${DISTRO}/${ARCHITECTURE}/\ / > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cuda.list"
sudo bash -c "echo deb\ http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/repos/${DISTRO}/${ARCHITECTURE}\ / > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cuda_learn.list"

Install CUDA 11.1 packages.
sudo apt update
sudo apt -y install cuda-11-1
sudo apt install libcudnn8

Specify the PATH to CUDA in the '.profile' file. Open the file by running sudo nano ~/.profile and add the following lines at the end of the file:
# set PATH for cuda 11.1 installation
if [ -d "/usr/local/cuda-11.1/bin/" ]; then
    export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11.1/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11.1/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}
fi

Use the keyboard combination Ctrl + O and after that press Enter to save the file to its current location. Use the keyboard combination Ctrl + X to exit nano.

Restart with sudo reboot and check the versions of the installation.
CUDA:
nvcc  --version

NVIDIA driver:
nvidia-smi

libcudnn:
/sbin/ldconfig -N -v $(sed ‘s/:/ /’ <<< $LD_LIBRARY_PATH) 2>/dev/null | grep libcudnn


Antec Fusion Black LCD won't turn off on system shutdown

solution copied from comment:

I think I've managed to get it working (kinda). I read that it is a bug with USB3.0 that has been fixed in the Natty release but has not been included in Maverick. What I needed to do was to add the line SUSPEND_MODULES="xhci" to the file /etc/pm/config.d/unload_module and then it suspended, ergo the LCD is also black. I think I will settle with that if not anyone has a better solution :)


I think you might want to try following this user's response: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2089790&p=12430257#post12430257

You'll have to edit the part where he points the package source to a maverick repo, to you'r current Ubuntu release (also, the gpg key part will differ).

I haven't tried this out yet, but it certainly looks promising.


Why don't Unity's window placement shortcuts work?

Are you actually using Numpad 0-9 in those keyboard shortcuts?

    This is a numpad

The row of numbers of above the QWERTY keys will not work.

In future releases of Ubuntu (like 12.04) you will be able to tile windows using Ctrl-Super-↑, Ctrl-Super-←, and Ctrl-Super-→.


Nautilus doesn't display contents of the home folder when launched as root

If you're running nautilus in as root, you'll see root's Desktop folder. Yours is likely in /home/yourname/Desktop (and the rest of your files are probably elsewhere in /home/yourname/)

You can use symlinks to make them available, but operating at root is usually not a good idea. Better to use sudo to run commands as root while logged in as your regular old user self.

In nautilus you can use go > location ... or ctrl-l to view and change the full path to the directory you're in. So do ctrl l and then just type in /home/yourname/Desktop to access the files in your own user desktop directory.


As far as I know that tutorial is now out of date and won't work with the current Quickly. We are currently working to get it updated. I recommend you instead follow the video at http://developer.ubuntu.com/get-started/ for how to get started with our current developer platform.


apt-get update : Unable to change to (unreachable)// - chdir (2: No such file or directory)

I got this error message every time I ran sudo apt-get update with an encrypted home directory, while I was in my home directory.

If I cd'd to / first, the error went away.

(Ubuntu Server 13.10)


Im not 100% sure what you are asking but if im reading the question right. Do you want to directly access your Website from anywhere in your Home Network by using the machines IP address?.

If this is case. follow the procedure below, edit 000-default.conf add your website folder name after DocumentRoot /var/www/. Save and exit the file. Restart Apache server and type IP address in a browser on any home system in your  network. Your index page will loaded. If you requite Remote access then you need to add the IP Address of your web server in the section Virtual Servers on your home Router and make sure the Port is set to 80.

$ cd /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/

$ ls
000-default.conf

$ cat 000-default.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
    # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
    # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
    # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
    # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
    # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
    # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
    #ServerName www.example.com

    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
    DocumentRoot /var/www/mywebsite

    # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
    # error, crit, alert, emerg.
    # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
    # modules, e.g.
    #LogLevel info ssl:warn

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

    # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
    # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
    # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
    # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
    # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
    #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf
</VirtualHost>


Postgis installation on Ubuntu 15.10 server gives dependencies error

The package name for libgdal1h has been changed to libgdal1i after 15.04 Vivid.

Also, it looks like this postgresql-9.5-postgis-2.2 package is available only in 16.04 Xenial.

You should try to install postgresql-9.4-postgis-2.1 for 15.10 Wily instead, just run sudo apt-get install postgresql-9.4-postgis-2.1, check the launchpad postgis package page for more detail.


Is it possible to attach commands to a programme I want to run?

There are a few ways of doing it.
For instance you can edit the PCSX2-linux.sh file and add there
export vblank_mode=0

after the shebang.
The first 2 lines should look this way:
#!/bin/sh
export vblank_mode=0

Another way is to add vblank_mode=0 to the Exec= line of the .desktop file.


sudo apt-get install bleachbit

then do:

sudo bleachbit

clean up the system.

Then do the following:

sudo apt-get -f update
sudo apt-get -f upgrade

and if you still have problems:

sudo apt-get -f dist-upgrade

You are not an enterprise so you shouldn't be worrying about having LTS versions but a stable version that satisfies your needs and solves your problems. You could also update to Ubuntu 13.10.

sudo apt-get install update-manager-core
sudo update-manager -d
sudo do-release-upgrade


How can I remove snaps without losing GUI?

If here GUI means Desktop Environment, then no you won't lose that if you uninstall any Snap. Snap package is just another approach for distributing applications apart from other package types(like deb, rpm, etc).

To know installed snaps:

snap list

To install a new snap:

snap install <snap name> #Might need some flags like --classic

To uninstall a snap:

snap remove <snap name>

To update installed snaps:

snap refresh

To search for snap:

snap search <snap name>

Snaps are mounted as loopback read-only squashfs filesystem. This increases boot time. If you don't like snaps and want to be completely dependent on APT or debs, you can uninstall that:

sudo apt purge snapd


Dock setting does not work - Ubuntu 18.10

Restarting Session worked for me (Ubuntu 18.10.) In my case I added a second monitor, and dock setup stopped responding.


Syncronize folder on USB drive for Ubuntu One

From the Ubuntu One FAQ:

Can I synchronize a folder outside my home folder?
No, currently you can only select to synchronize folders inside your home directory.

Since your usb drive is mounted outside of your home folder (usually /media) you can not currently synchronize it using Ubuntu One.


The good replacement is gthumb. You can easily install it through Ubuntu Software Center. It has all functions that you require.


You have to escape the ;:

find -iname .... -exec echo {} \;

Will do what you want.


Instead of put this:

iface eth0 inet dynamic

Put this:

iface eth0 inet dhcp


Ubuntu 17.04 does not connect to internet

Go to network settings.

In wireless settings, you'd find an IPv6 tab.

Put it on Ignore


Installed using the installation script provided by the theme

It depends on the installation script (e.g. the install.sh file) to where the files would be copied. Open the script with a text-editor and examine its content to find out. Usual directories are:

Themes

/usr/share/themes/ (for a theme installed system-wide, i.e. with sudo)
~/.themes/
~/.local/share/themes/

Icons

/usr/share/icons/ (for an icon pack installed system-wide, i.e. with sudo)
~/.icons/
~/.local/share/icons/

Installed using apt-get

You can remove them by simply running

sudo apt-get remove <theme-package-name>


Ubuntu software center - Ubuntu 18.04.3 - wont update components

Not a definite answer. More a set of hints to possibly remedy a situation.

Helpful:

http://docs.flatpak.org/en/latest/available-runtimes.html
http://docs.flatpak.org/en/latest/using-flatpak.html
https://github.com/flatpak/flatpak/issues/1766

Attempts to fix:

Remove possibly not needed

flatpak uninstall --unused

Explain to flatpak where to get stuff

flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://dl.flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

kill previous error of not having platforms

flatpak install flathub org.freedesktop.Platform//19.08
flatpak install flathub org.gnome.Platform//3.34

update

flatpak update --system
flatpak update --user

these brought flatpak installation to no errors.

However it did not fix 'Ubuntu software center' notification. It still insists that gnome application platform is not installed in spite of:

$ flatpak install --system flathub org.gnome.Platform//3.34
Skipping: org.gnome.Platform/x86_64/3.34 is already installed

at this point I am suspecting that software center does not see flatpak info correctly.

More hints welcome.

Edit 30/11:

After installing some app from software center, the update notification disappeared from software centre. Issue that was at the beginning is now resolved. Flatpak upgrade did resolve the problem.

The remaining question is how to refresh software center after the flatpak update without installing something.


I do not clear solution. But I can help you to find real users.

First solution:

in /etc/passwd, last column showing default shell/command. In Ubuntu it is usually /bin/bash, but it is not a rule. So you can try:

  sudo grep '/bin/bash' /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1

Also usually real users home folder located in /home. You can try:

  sudo grep '/home/' /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1

Or both of them:

  sudo grep -E '/home.*/bin/bash' /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1

Second solution:

There is also a file /etc/shadow, where in second column encrypted users passwords.  System programs and daemons do not have passwords, usually. Here you can try:

  sudo awk -F: '$2 != "*" && $2 !~ /^!/ { print $1, " - has pwd" }' /etc/shadow

But please understand, all this solution not 'clear'. Sometimes users can create there home folders at other places, they can login without passwords and their default shell/command can be any, such as zsh , sh , ksh etc...


SSH to Server, Execute Command, and Maintain Connection

In its simplest form:

ssh -t user@host "command; bash"

-t is the critical part here. It forces the host to allocate a virtual terminal to the process, which allows it to stay open.

If you just want to run htop on a load of servers, you can omit the bash at the end but that does mean if you quit htop, you'll drop back to a local terminal.


Can't use gedit on Ubuntu App for Windows

I faced this similar problem a while ago, this is what I did:
First install VcXsrv from here https://sourceforge.net/projects/vcxsrv/
After installing, launch "Xlaunch" and complete the configuration.
When done, open the Ubuntu terminal and type the following:

export DISPLAY=127.0.0.1:0
. ~/.bashrc

or

export DISPLAY=localhost0.0
.~/.bashrc

Now try any gedit...

gedit

BOOOM!DONE!


Changing partition table format without losing data

The first 34 sectors and the last 34 sectors of your disk shouldn't be covered by any partition.
You should check that with sudo fdisk -l, look for your disk and check on which sector the first partition starts and
on which sector the last partition ends.

If any partition is covering the first or last 34 sectors of the disk
you would have to resize this partition first with gparted.
After this preparation you need to run sudo gdisk sdX where sdX is the disk you want to convert.

From man gdisk:

Upon start, gdisk attempts to identify the partition type in use on the
disk.  If  it finds valid GPT data, gdisk will use it. If gdisk finds a
valid MBR or BSD disklabel but no GPT data, it will attempt to  convert
the  MBR or disklabel into GPT form.  Upon  exiting  with  the  'w'  option,
gdisk replaces the MBR or disklabel with a GPT. If you mistakenly launch gdisk
on an MBR disk, you  can safely  exit  the  program  without making any changes
by using the 'q' option.

The MBR-to-GPT conversion will leave at least one gap in the  partition
numbering  if  the original MBR used logical partitions. These gaps are
harmless, but you can eliminate them by using the 's'  option,  if  you
like.

If gdisk is not installed on your system, you can do that with sudo apt-get install gdisk.
Please refer to the manual with man gdisk


It's best to report this issue on GitHub where we can track your progress.

Protonect uses OpenGL be default. What is your OpenGL version glxinfo | grep OpenGL? If the depth processor really running? To see if the depth processor is really running, look for [XXXDepthRgbPacketProcessor] avg. time log messages.

As you have installed OpenCL driver, you may also run ./Protonect cl.

Please follow up the issue on GitHub if you can.


Removing Applications Menu Listing with CLI command

You can find out what launchers something has installed by running:

dpkg -L <package> | grep -E "^/usr.*share.*desktop\$"

That will list the files. You can either delete those (I'm not sure I would) or rename them to something else (like sticking a .disabled on the end). Here's how I'd do the second:

dpkg -L <package> | grep -E "^/usr.*share.*desktop\$" | sudo xargs -I% mv "%" "%.disbaled"


How you can see here LibreOffice won't work well with ALL Java versions. The 1.6.0_21 seems to be the best java to use with LibreOffice. The 1.6.0_20 & 1.6.0_22 seem to be in a fairly good 2nd place place. The 1.6.0_24 was really bad and the 1.6.0_26 was even worse apparently.

To install 1.6.0_21 You should first purge every other Java versions from your system (icedtea, open, ecc. all included).
Unfortunately, it seems near impossible to find compiled packages for precise, so you'll have to consider to build it from source (https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/sun-java6/6.21-1ubuntu1).

Otherwise, you could disable java plugin for LO, from Tools menu, then Options, Java, uncheck the box.

Last alternative, install other versions of java (such as the last Oracle 1.7) and select it in the list, to see if the problem solves.


I added this to

/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.shell.gschema.xml

in the section keybindings

<key type="as" name="toggle-overview">
  <default>["&lt;Super&gt;o"]</default>
  <summary></summary>
  <description></description>
</key>

and then run

sudo glib-compile-schemas .

in that directory

(I should stop posting questions before trying hard enough, note to self)


I couldn't find some softwares after installation on unity search

As first open a terminal (ctrl+alt+t) and check if there is a file called virtualbox.desktop in /usr/share/applications. You can do that by:

ls -l /usr/share/applications/virtualbox.desktop

which should give you the following output:

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 861 Apr 28 16:07 /usr/share/applications/virtualbox.desktop

If you got the prompted result on first try you might simply have to reboot your machine and test if it shows up in the unity dash then.

If not browse the directory itself if there might be an oracle-virtualbox.desktop file (cd /usr/share/applications && ls). If there is none you can create one with:

sudo nano /usr/share/applications/virtualbox.desktop

where you paste in the following block (paste in terminal is ctrl+shift+v):

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Version=1.0
Name=Oracle VM VirtualBox
GenericName=Virtual Machine
Type=Application
Exec=VirtualBox %U
TryExec=VirtualBox
Keywords=virtualization;
Keywords[de]=Virtualisierung;
MimeType=application/x-virtualbox-vbox;application/x-virtualbox-vbox-extpack;application/x-virtualbox-ovf;application/x-virtualbox-ova;
DocPath=file:///usr/share/doc/virtualbox-5.0/UserManual.pdf
Icon=virtualbox
Categories=Emulator;System;
Comment=Run several virtual systems on a single host computer

After that make sure the file has the right permissions by:

sudo chmod 644 /etc/share/applications/virtualbox.desktop

If all that fails you might have to reinstall virtualbox by:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall virtualbox


Installation of CINSimulator- Berlin and the result of make is install- recursive error 1

cinsim-0.6.3 : sudo apt install libxerces-c2-dev bison++ libgsl0-dev

Some difficulties building cinsim with Ubuntu 16.04 : Old files (year 2010) require e.g. gcc version 4.4, and worse: The mpic++ compiler must be built with the g++-4.4 compiler. I.e. the Ubuntu 16.04 mpic++ version is a late build. (Built with g++ version 5.4.0).

The easy way : Build the application on Ubuntu 10.04 . (Did so three years ago : Result = cinsim_0.6.3-ubuntu10.4_i386.deb).

64bit cinsim : cinsim_0.6.3-ubuntu10_amd64.deb, 11.6MB (A new build, the cinsim-gui files are included) → https://drive.google.com/file/d/125_rvVbVFJ89E6JRz6aCBOh9hjjaJ3su/view?usp=sharing

Ubuntu 16.04 - amd64 → Download, and install:

cd Downloads/
sudo gdebi cinsim_0.6.3-ubuntu10_amd64.deb

Installs OK with Ubuntu 16.04 - amd64. $ cinsim : OK too.


How to setup xRDP for Ubuntu 20.04 in Windows Hyper-V?

Apparently Microsoft haven't added support for 20.04 yet. There is a pull request on GitHub but it is yet to be merged. However, you can use it.
To set up xRDP for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS,

Disable "Auto Login" if you enabled it.

Open a terminal and issue the following commands.
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Hinara/linux-vm-tools/ubuntu20-04/ubuntu/20.04/install.sh
sudo chmod +x install.sh
sudo ./install.sh

After you’ve run your scripts, shut down your VM. On your host machine in an Administrator PowerShell prompt, execute this command:
Set-VM -VMName <your_vm_name> -EnhancedSessionTransportType HvSocket

Start your virtual machine and connect. You will be greeted with a connection prompt windows that asks for a screen resolution--this will indicate that everything is installed correctly.

This will take you to a Xorg login. This indicates that you've successfully brokered a connection and that the xrdp service is running. Login to begin your session.


If the problem is related to the firewall then you can verify it by temporarily turning off the firewall by using sudo iptables -F . Alternatively you can also try sudo service ufw stop.

Furthermore, sudo ufw status should give the status of the firewall and sudo iptables -L should list all the rules. UFW is front end for iptables.

More information

IptablesHowTo - Disabling the firewall
How to start/stop iptables in Ubuntu 12.04?


I used Ironhide driver using the approach here:- http://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/610

It worked fine in Ubuntu 11.10 although I have a few problems in 12.04. The graphics works fine but I get error messages. I have an Acer Aspire with the same graphics card as you. This runs compiz, gives Unity 3D etc but is not perfect. The Nvidia drivers do not work in Ubuntu although that may change.

Good luck


you need install open-jdk (java) in a terminal

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre # to be able to run
sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk # to be able to compile
sudo apt-get install icedtea6-plugin # to be able to run applets on browser

source blog xubuntugeek


I dual booted ubuntu 14.04 alongside side win7, both 64bit, theres no boot menu

You could always give the tried-and-true program boot-repair a try. This will completely reinstall GRUB2 (the bootloader Linux uses to decide which OS to boot into), searching for and automatically adding all OSes it can find in the process.
To install it, follow the instructions here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair
Summarized:
Open a terminal (ctrl+alt+t)
Run the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Select "Recommended repair" and follow the prompts (spay special attention to the top of the window. It may occasionally show terminal commands for you to run. I used to always miss these) and reboot.
Good luck!


How can I run "apt-get install" in the background?

Yes, sure.

Perform your apt-get command with fancy things around it

sudo bash -c 'apt-get -y install guake >/dev/null 2>&1 & disown'

Part explanation:

The sudo bash -c part spawns a new bash process, and runs apt-get -y install guake >/dev/null 2>&1 & disown inside that new shell.
These commands are then run inside the new subshell:

apt-get -y install guake: The main apt-get command you want to run.

>/dev/null 2>&1 pipes stdout and stderr to /dev/null.

& disown disowns the preceding job and exits the subshell.


Problems with the command which makes you know if the hard disk is hdd or ssd

Your output of lsblk shows that your device is called nvme0n1 instead of sda.
Try:
cat /sys/block/nvme0n1/queue/rotational

0 = not rotational = SSD
1 = rotational = HDD


Couldn't find any package by regex libstdc++.so.5 libexpat.so.0 in 32-bit ubuntu 12.04

The Wink error is not very clear, because those are files it needs and not packages you need to install.

Whenever you get some error like "I can't find randomfile.so" you can use apt-file to search for a package that provides it. If you dont have it already you can install it using sudo apt-get install apt-file.

Note

As I am using a 64-bit system, you should get different results from mine. So where I get x86_64-linux-gnu you should get i386-linux-gnu, and you should replace it in each of the commands bellow

In your case I get the following:

$ apt-file search libstdc++.so.5
libstdc++5: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.5
libstdc++5: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.5.0.7

So you need to install libstdc++5 package to get that file.

Regarding the second one, there is no exact match on my system:

$ apt-file search libexpat.so
libexpat1: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1
libexpat1: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1.5.2
libexpat1-dev: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so

So you can try to install libexpat1 and libexpat1-dev and see if Wink accepts it. If not you can try to create a symlink to that file (in a 32-bit system change the path as described above).

$ sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.0

Please note that this can not work at all or make Wink not work as expected, because you will be using a different version of the library it requires. In the case it does not work you should remove the created symlink:

$ sudo rm /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.0


How to make Photofilmstrip work on Ubuntu 15.04

Altering deb packages is a bit tricky since you are simply overriding dependencies, sometimes this works but there are no guarantees. The broken pipe is likely to come from this.

An alternative way would be to compile from source, often a simple configure and make will suffice but in this case that does not work and it will take a bit more effort to plow through all dependencies.

However the version you try to install is not the latest one, on sourceforge there is a newer one. if I take a fresh 15.04 install I am able to install this without any tricks just by using software-center:

download http://sourceforge.net/projects/photostoryx/files/photofilmstrip/2.1.0/photofilmstrip_2.1.0-1_all.deb/download
open with ubuntu-software-center and install

It seems in that version the mencoder dependency was dropped.


Mysql on Ubuntu 16.04: cannot log in as root, cannot start in safe mode, /var/run/mysqld removed at reboot

It seems the original problem was caused by not setting a password for root when I first installed mysql. This used to be normal for local development but it seems that in mysql 5.7.17, this causes all sorts of problems, and setting a password later doesn't fix it.

This was compounded by me not uninstalling mysql properly when trying again.

In the end, what worked was to uninstall mysql using:

sudo apt purge mysql*

Remove /etc/mysql folder

Remove /var/lib/mysql, /var/lib/mysql-files, /var/lib/mysql-keyring folders.

Reboot

Install mysql using:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

Make sure to set a password for root!


Packages still at 14.04 version after upgrade to 16.04

It was actually only a problem with PHP 7.0 and all its dependencies. I had to add ppa to install it on 14.04, they were removed with the upgrade, but their version was still newer than 16.04 official repositories and this was preventing any kind of install related to PHP 7.0.

I have removed the php7.0-common package and reinstalled all from scratch, including extensions etc. It looks to be working fine now.

Unfortunately I have not found a way to downgrade the packages, as they were depending one each other, so the version downgrade was failing for anything I tried (php7.0, php7.0-common, etc.)


Failing Installation of Ubuntu 18.04 w/ Lenovo Thinkpad P73 cannot boot up saying: "[Firmware bug]: TPM interrupt not working"

From this Q&A:

A TPM error (7) occurred attempting to read a pcr value

A number of solutions are provided:

Turn off TPM in your BIOS.
Tell Ubuntu to ignore TPM:

echo "blacklist tpm_tis" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/tpm_tis.conf


Wifi only able to connect with one router after reinstall to Ubuntu 16.04

Form what I've experienced, this is a current issue in Ubuntu 16's networking with laptops of various companies including Lenovo. For the meantime, I put this in my .bashrc file and then just enter restart-networking into the terminal whenever I bring my laptop to a new router.

alias restart-networking='sudo service network-manager restart'

It's not the prettiest solution but it works well for many including myself.

Here's the best piece of information I've found on the topic. (Idk if this classifies the question as a duplicate)

16-04-lts-wifi-connection-issues


At this time Ubuntu TV is only supported on Ubuntu 12.04. If you do not have 12.04 and would still like to help out we suggest that you use a virtual machine for now.

See Install Ubuntu TV for more info, and how to install.

Source:UbuntuW


how to start ubuntu after installation (no choice: only windows starts)

Boot repair is the solution.

Boot linux from live USB.

Install boot repair; open a terminal and follow the below instructions...

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

Run boot repair by typing the following...

sudo boot-repair

Click on "Recommended repair"


Installing application error in terminal

To fix the error you must (as the error implies) install openssl. You can achieve this by running the command sudo apt-get install openssl.


Boot problem when trying to install linux over a flash drive

Normally you should see first some entries with the available OS(s) listed
Anyway a short googling should give you a ot of explenations how to boot manually from grub e.g. How can I load Ubuntu when all I have is Grub?